{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "rewrite": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -", "Unlike his more famous contemporary Bob Fosse, Bennett was not known for a particular choreographic style. Instead, Bennett's choreography was motivated by the form of the musical involved, or the distinct characters interpreted. In Act 2 of Company, Bennett defied the usual choreographic expectations by deliberately taking the polish off the standard Broadway production number. The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine (\"Side By Side\") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters' singing and dancing. Bennett made the audience aware that this group had been flung together to perform, and that they were in over their heads. He intended the number to be not about the routine, but rather the characters behind it. The song \"One\" from A Chorus Line functions in a different way. The various phases of construction/rehearsal of the number are shown, and because the show is about professional dancers, the last performance of the song-and-dance routine has all the gloss and polish expected of Broadway production values. Bennett's choreography also reveals the cost of the number to the people behind it. Bennett was influenced by the work of Jerome Robbins. \"What Michael Bennett perceived early in Robbins' work was totality, all the sums of a given piece adding to a unified whole\". In Dreamgirls, Bennett's musical staging was described as a \"mesmerizing sense of movement\":  The most thrilling breakthrough of the extraordinary show is that whereas in A Chorus Line Michael Bennett choreographed the cast, in Dreamgirls he has choreographed the set.... Bennett's use of [the plexiglass towers that dominated the set] was revolutionary. The towers moved to create constantly changing perspectives and space, like an automated ballet.... They energized the action, driving it forcefully along.", "Michael Bennett (defensive tackle, born 1993) Benjamin Michael Bennett IV (born February 24, 1993) is an American football defensive tackle for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ohio State. Bennett attended Centerville High School in Centerville, Ohio, where he was a first-team Division I All-Ohio performer who played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl. He was a two-time Greater Western Ohio Conference player of the year and served as team captain for coach Ron Ullery's 2010 Centerville team that went 9-3 and reached the regional semifinals. Bennett was also a top competitor in track & field. In 2011, Bennett\u2019s final throw of 19.48 meters (63 feet, 11 inches) in the shot put at the Division I track and field meet was enough to vault him to a state title at his future home on the Ohio State University campus. He followed up with a second-place finish in the discus with a toss of 56.50 meters (185 feet, 4 inches). He had top-throws of 19.80 meters (64 feet, 11.5 inches) in the shot put, 59.83 meters (196 feet, 3 inches) in the discus and 53.21 meters (174 feet, 6 inches) in the hammer at Centerville. As a true freshman in 2011, Bennett played in all 13 games, recording 17 tackles and three quarterback sacks. As a sophomore in 2012, Bennett played in only eight games due to injury. As a junior in 2013, Bennett started all 13 games, recording 44 tackles and 7.5 sacks. Bennett, who was unable to work out at the 2015 NFL Combine due to injury, pulled up on his 40-yard dash attempt at Ohio State's Pro Day with a hamstring problem.", "Pamela Blair Pamela Blair (born December 5, 1949), known as Pam, is an American actress, singer, and dancer best known for originating the role of \"Val\" in the musical \"A Chorus Line\" and several appearances on American soap operas. Born in Bennington, Vermont, to Edgar Joseph and Geraldine Marie (Cummings) Blair ; she was raised in a small town with her pony, Tonka. She studied dance, played sports, and dreamed of becoming a Radio City Rockette in order to meet her idols, The Beatles. At age 16, she moved to New York City to attend a private school, The National Academy of Ballet, in her senior year of high school. She studied acting at HB Studio. She later met a friend at a dance class who told her Michael Bennett was looking for dancers for \"Promises, Promises\". Pam auditioned and was hired. Blair comments, \"Whenever I don't seem to be getting anywhere in this business, I try to remember that I was once a chambermaid in a small motel in Vermont.\" She continued to build credits with \"Seesaw\", another Michael Bennett production, and then landed the coveted role of \"Curly's Wife\", the only female role in the James Earl Jones Broadway revival of \"Of Mice and Men\" which later opened at the Kennedy Center to critical acclaim. She also appeared in \"Sugar\", the stage musical version of the film \"Some Like It Hot\", in which she played \"Sugar Kane\", a role made famous by Marilyn Monroe. In 1974, Blair was invited by Michael Bennett to participate in the workshops from which \"A Chorus Line\" was developed. The character of \"Valerie Clark\" was in large part, based on her own life, although the surgical enhancement came from another dancer.", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west."], "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#1", "question": "When  was he born?", "rewrite": "When  was Michael Bennett  born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Unlike his more famous contemporary Bob Fosse, Bennett was not known for a particular choreographic style. Instead, Bennett's choreography was motivated by the form of the musical involved, or the distinct characters interpreted. In Act 2 of Company, Bennett defied the usual choreographic expectations by deliberately taking the polish off the standard Broadway production number. The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine (\"Side By Side\") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters' singing and dancing. Bennett made the audience aware that this group had been flung together to perform, and that they were in over their heads. He intended the number to be not about the routine, but rather the characters behind it. The song \"One\" from A Chorus Line functions in a different way. The various phases of construction/rehearsal of the number are shown, and because the show is about professional dancers, the last performance of the song-and-dance routine has all the gloss and polish expected of Broadway production values. Bennett's choreography also reveals the cost of the number to the people behind it. Bennett was influenced by the work of Jerome Robbins. \"What Michael Bennett perceived early in Robbins' work was totality, all the sums of a given piece adding to a unified whole\". In Dreamgirls, Bennett's musical staging was described as a \"mesmerizing sense of movement\":  The most thrilling breakthrough of the extraordinary show is that whereas in A Chorus Line Michael Bennett choreographed the cast, in Dreamgirls he has choreographed the set.... Bennett's use of [the plexiglass towers that dominated the set] was revolutionary. The towers moved to create constantly changing perspectives and space, like an automated ballet.... They energized the action, driving it forcefully along.", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west.", "Michael Bennett (defensive tackle, born 1993) Benjamin Michael Bennett IV (born February 24, 1993) is an American football defensive tackle for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ohio State. Bennett attended Centerville High School in Centerville, Ohio, where he was a first-team Division I All-Ohio performer who played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl. He was a two-time Greater Western Ohio Conference player of the year and served as team captain for coach Ron Ullery's 2010 Centerville team that went 9-3 and reached the regional semifinals. Bennett was also a top competitor in track & field. In 2011, Bennett\u2019s final throw of 19.48 meters (63 feet, 11 inches) in the shot put at the Division I track and field meet was enough to vault him to a state title at his future home on the Ohio State University campus. He followed up with a second-place finish in the discus with a toss of 56.50 meters (185 feet, 4 inches). He had top-throws of 19.80 meters (64 feet, 11.5 inches) in the shot put, 59.83 meters (196 feet, 3 inches) in the discus and 53.21 meters (174 feet, 6 inches) in the hammer at Centerville. As a true freshman in 2011, Bennett played in all 13 games, recording 17 tackles and three quarterback sacks. As a sophomore in 2012, Bennett played in only eight games due to injury. As a junior in 2013, Bennett started all 13 games, recording 44 tackles and 7.5 sacks. Bennett, who was unable to work out at the 2015 NFL Combine due to injury, pulled up on his 40-yard dash attempt at Ohio State's Pro Day with a hamstring problem.", "Pamela Blair Pamela Blair (born December 5, 1949), known as Pam, is an American actress, singer, and dancer best known for originating the role of \"Val\" in the musical \"A Chorus Line\" and several appearances on American soap operas. Born in Bennington, Vermont, to Edgar Joseph and Geraldine Marie (Cummings) Blair ; she was raised in a small town with her pony, Tonka. She studied dance, played sports, and dreamed of becoming a Radio City Rockette in order to meet her idols, The Beatles. At age 16, she moved to New York City to attend a private school, The National Academy of Ballet, in her senior year of high school. She studied acting at HB Studio. She later met a friend at a dance class who told her Michael Bennett was looking for dancers for \"Promises, Promises\". Pam auditioned and was hired. Blair comments, \"Whenever I don't seem to be getting anywhere in this business, I try to remember that I was once a chambermaid in a small motel in Vermont.\" She continued to build credits with \"Seesaw\", another Michael Bennett production, and then landed the coveted role of \"Curly's Wife\", the only female role in the James Earl Jones Broadway revival of \"Of Mice and Men\" which later opened at the Kennedy Center to critical acclaim. She also appeared in \"Sugar\", the stage musical version of the film \"Some Like It Hot\", in which she played \"Sugar Kane\", a role made famous by Marilyn Monroe. In 1974, Blair was invited by Michael Bennett to participate in the workshops from which \"A Chorus Line\" was developed. The character of \"Valerie Clark\" was in large part, based on her own life, although the surgical enhancement came from another dancer.", "Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#2", "question": "Who are his parents?", "rewrite": "Who are Michael Bennett's parents?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On July 3, ROH announced The Briscoes would battle Roppongi Vice (Beretta and Rocky Romero) after both Beretta and Romero would attack Jay and Mark Briscoe at War of the Worlds '15 during The Briscoes match against Chaos (Kazuchika Okada and Shinsuke Nakamura). On July 6, ROH announced the leader of The Kingdom Adam Cole would battle The Party Peacock Dalton Castle at the event. On the July 4th episode of ROH Wrestling Dalton Castle would defeat Takaaki Watanabe. Later that same night, The Kingdom (Adam Cole, Michael Bennett, and Matt Taven) would lose to reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) and Michael Elgin. On July 4, Will Ferrara would capture a shocking win over The Last Real Man in Pro Wrestling Silas Young. On July 17, ROH announced that Silas Young would get another opportunity against Will Ferrara at the event. On July 23, ROH announced that House of Truth member Donovan Dijak will battle Takaaki Watanabe in a singles match that will be taped exclusively for ROH's YouTube Wrestling Channel. On the July 25th episode of Ring of Honor, The Kingdom (Matt Taven and Michael Bennett) alongside Maria Kanellis on commentary. Michael Bennett and Matt Taven would go on to defeat two ROH's Rookies in ROH's Wrestling Boot Camp. During the match Maria Kanellis would talk about how Adam Cole isn't siding with The Kingdom. Kanellis would also issue that The Kingdom is looking for a New Superstar who can capture the ROH World Championship as Adam Cole has failed on numerous occasions.", "Pamela Blair Pamela Blair (born December 5, 1949), known as Pam, is an American actress, singer, and dancer best known for originating the role of \"Val\" in the musical \"A Chorus Line\" and several appearances on American soap operas. Born in Bennington, Vermont, to Edgar Joseph and Geraldine Marie (Cummings) Blair ; she was raised in a small town with her pony, Tonka. She studied dance, played sports, and dreamed of becoming a Radio City Rockette in order to meet her idols, The Beatles. At age 16, she moved to New York City to attend a private school, The National Academy of Ballet, in her senior year of high school. She studied acting at HB Studio. She later met a friend at a dance class who told her Michael Bennett was looking for dancers for \"Promises, Promises\". Pam auditioned and was hired. Blair comments, \"Whenever I don't seem to be getting anywhere in this business, I try to remember that I was once a chambermaid in a small motel in Vermont.\" She continued to build credits with \"Seesaw\", another Michael Bennett production, and then landed the coveted role of \"Curly's Wife\", the only female role in the James Earl Jones Broadway revival of \"Of Mice and Men\" which later opened at the Kennedy Center to critical acclaim. She also appeared in \"Sugar\", the stage musical version of the film \"Some Like It Hot\", in which she played \"Sugar Kane\", a role made famous by Marilyn Monroe. In 1974, Blair was invited by Michael Bennett to participate in the workshops from which \"A Chorus Line\" was developed. The character of \"Valerie Clark\" was in large part, based on her own life, although the surgical enhancement came from another dancer.", "Unlike his more famous contemporary Bob Fosse, Bennett was not known for a particular choreographic style. Instead, Bennett's choreography was motivated by the form of the musical involved, or the distinct characters interpreted. In Act 2 of Company, Bennett defied the usual choreographic expectations by deliberately taking the polish off the standard Broadway production number. The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine (\"Side By Side\") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters' singing and dancing. Bennett made the audience aware that this group had been flung together to perform, and that they were in over their heads. He intended the number to be not about the routine, but rather the characters behind it. The song \"One\" from A Chorus Line functions in a different way. The various phases of construction/rehearsal of the number are shown, and because the show is about professional dancers, the last performance of the song-and-dance routine has all the gloss and polish expected of Broadway production values. Bennett's choreography also reveals the cost of the number to the people behind it. Bennett was influenced by the work of Jerome Robbins. \"What Michael Bennett perceived early in Robbins' work was totality, all the sums of a given piece adding to a unified whole\". In Dreamgirls, Bennett's musical staging was described as a \"mesmerizing sense of movement\":  The most thrilling breakthrough of the extraordinary show is that whereas in A Chorus Line Michael Bennett choreographed the cast, in Dreamgirls he has choreographed the set.... Bennett's use of [the plexiglass towers that dominated the set] was revolutionary. The towers moved to create constantly changing perspectives and space, like an automated ballet.... They energized the action, driving it forcefully along.", "Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west."], "answer": {"text": "the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.", "answer_start": 64}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When  was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#3", "question": "when did his career begin?", "rewrite": "when did Michael Bennett's career begin?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On July 3, ROH announced The Briscoes would battle Roppongi Vice (Beretta and Rocky Romero) after both Beretta and Romero would attack Jay and Mark Briscoe at War of the Worlds '15 during The Briscoes match against Chaos (Kazuchika Okada and Shinsuke Nakamura). On July 6, ROH announced the leader of The Kingdom Adam Cole would battle The Party Peacock Dalton Castle at the event. On the July 4th episode of ROH Wrestling Dalton Castle would defeat Takaaki Watanabe. Later that same night, The Kingdom (Adam Cole, Michael Bennett, and Matt Taven) would lose to reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) and Michael Elgin. On July 4, Will Ferrara would capture a shocking win over The Last Real Man in Pro Wrestling Silas Young. On July 17, ROH announced that Silas Young would get another opportunity against Will Ferrara at the event. On July 23, ROH announced that House of Truth member Donovan Dijak will battle Takaaki Watanabe in a singles match that will be taped exclusively for ROH's YouTube Wrestling Channel. On the July 25th episode of Ring of Honor, The Kingdom (Matt Taven and Michael Bennett) alongside Maria Kanellis on commentary. Michael Bennett and Matt Taven would go on to defeat two ROH's Rookies in ROH's Wrestling Boot Camp. During the match Maria Kanellis would talk about how Adam Cole isn't siding with The Kingdom. Kanellis would also issue that The Kingdom is looking for a New Superstar who can capture the ROH World Championship as Adam Cole has failed on numerous occasions.", "Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -", "A Joyful Noise A Joyful Noise is a musical with a book by Edward Padula and music and lyrics by Oscar Brand and Paul Nassau. The 1966 Broadway production was a flop but introduced choreographer Michael Bennett in his Broadway debut. Based on Mississippi author Borden Deal's 1959 novel \"The Insolent Breed\", the story centers on Shade Motley, a fiddler who arrives in a small Southern town and shocks the stern community with his exuberant love of hillbilly music and life in general. The musical underwent significant changes, both in performers and creators, during the tryout period. The book originally written by Edward Padula was rewritten by Dore Schary, who also took over as director. However, he quit, and Padula and Michael Bennett became co-directors. Country music star Skeeter Davis was originally offered the ingenue lead but with no prior acting experience was reluctant to begin a Broadway career in such a pivotal role and declined. The part was eventually played by Donna McKechnie, later replaced by Susan Watson. Mitzi Welch and James Rado were replaced by Karen Morrow and Clifford David. It had \"laughably stilted dialogue\" and \"an unconvincing plot.\" John Raitt, who was to play Shade Motley, was aware of the show's problems and, in an interview, said that they \"could never get by the New York critics. \" The musical opened on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on December 15, 1966, and closed on December 24, 1966, after twelve performances and four previews. Directed by Padula and choreographed by Michael Bennett, the cast featured John Raitt as Shade Motley, Karen Morrow, Susan Watson, Leland Palmer, Tommy Tune and Baayork Lee.", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west.", "Unlike his more famous contemporary Bob Fosse, Bennett was not known for a particular choreographic style. Instead, Bennett's choreography was motivated by the form of the musical involved, or the distinct characters interpreted. In Act 2 of Company, Bennett defied the usual choreographic expectations by deliberately taking the polish off the standard Broadway production number. The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine (\"Side By Side\") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters' singing and dancing. Bennett made the audience aware that this group had been flung together to perform, and that they were in over their heads. He intended the number to be not about the routine, but rather the characters behind it. The song \"One\" from A Chorus Line functions in a different way. The various phases of construction/rehearsal of the number are shown, and because the show is about professional dancers, the last performance of the song-and-dance routine has all the gloss and polish expected of Broadway production values. Bennett's choreography also reveals the cost of the number to the people behind it. Bennett was influenced by the work of Jerome Robbins. \"What Michael Bennett perceived early in Robbins' work was totality, all the sums of a given piece adding to a unified whole\". In Dreamgirls, Bennett's musical staging was described as a \"mesmerizing sense of movement\":  The most thrilling breakthrough of the extraordinary show is that whereas in A Chorus Line Michael Bennett choreographed the cast, in Dreamgirls he has choreographed the set.... Bennett's use of [the plexiglass towers that dominated the set] was revolutionary. The towers moved to create constantly changing perspectives and space, like an automated ballet.... They energized the action, driving it forcefully along."], "answer": {"text": "Bennett's career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden-Adolph Green-Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping,", "answer_start": 438}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When  was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#4", "question": "what was the play?", "rewrite": "what was the play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Good Body [Original, Play, Solo] Ma Rainey's Black Bottom [Revival, Play, Drama] The Crucible [Revival, Play, Drama] Hedda Gabler [Revival, Play, Drama] Kat and the Kings [Original, Musical, Comedy] The Diary of Anne Frank [Revival, Play, Drama] Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992 [Original, Play, Solo] The 39 Steps [Original, Play, Comedy] The Beebo Brinker Chronicles [Original, Play, Drama] Family Secrets [Original, Play, Solo] Shockheaded Peter [Original, Musical, Comedy] Necessary Targets [Original, Play, Drama] Communicating Doors [Original, Play, Drama] Bunny Bunny [Original, Play, Comedy] STOMP [Original, Instrumental] Edith Stein [Original, Play] War Horse [Original, Play] La Cage Aux Folles [Revival, Musical] Burn the Floor [Dance] The 39 Steps [Original, Play, Comedy] Why We Have a Body [Original, Play] Telegrams from Heaven [Original, Play] Family Secrets [Original, Play, Solo] Excess Baggage [Original, Play] The Curse of the Starving Class [Original, Play] The Normal Heart [Original, Play, Drama] Isn't It Romantic [Original, Play]  PULSE: a STOMP Odyssey The Commercial Theater Institute: Guide to Producing Plays and Musicals Copyright 2006 2019 Tony Award for Best Choreography 2015 Tony Award for Best Choreography 2015 Tony Award for Best Orchestrations 2015 Tony Award for Best Scenic Design of a Musical 2015 Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Musical 2014 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Musical", "1961 in Norwegian football The 1961 season was the 56th season of competitive football in Norway. < onlyinclude></onlyinclude> < onlyinclude></onlyinclude> June 16: Fredrikstad - Eik 2 - 0  June 14: V\u00e5lerengen - Lyn 6 - 4 \"Steinkjer promoted\"  V\u00e5g- Vig\u00f8r 0 - 5 (in Vennesla) \"V\u00e5g relegated\"   1. \u00d8stsiden (Promoted)   1. Vestfossen (Play-off)   1. Aurskog (Play-off)   1. Hamarkameratene (Play-off)   1. Ytre Rendal (Play-off)   1. Kvam (Play-off)   Lesja ( Play-off) \"Table unknown.\" 1. Runar (Play-off)   1. Skiens-Grane (Play-off)   1. Heddal (Play-off)   1. Grane (Arendal) (Play-off)   1. Vig\u00f8r (Play-off)   1. Bu\u00f8y (Play-off)   1. Randaberg (Play-off)   1. Stord (Play-off)   1. Djerv (Play-off)   1. Arna (Play-off)   1. Skarb\u00f8vik (Play-off)   1. Tr\u00e6ff (Play-off)   1. Clausenengen (Play-off)   1. Troll (Play-off)   1. Ranheim (Play-off)   1. Brekstad (Play-off)   1. Verdal (Play-off)   1. Bod\u00f8/Glimt   1. Mj\u00f8lner   \"Aurskog promoted. \" 1.", "Lillestr\u00f8m - Fredrikstad 2-2 (extra time) August 5: Lillestr\u00f8m - Fredrikstad 4-1   Bryne - Start 0-2    H\u00f8dd - Brage 2-3    1. Lisleby Promoted    1. Mj\u00f8ndalen Play-off    1. Aurskog Play-off    1. Gj\u00f8vik/ Lyn Play-off    1. Nybergsund Play-off    Kvam Play-off    1. Dovre Play-off    1. \u00d8rn Play-off    1. Ur\u00e6dd Play-off    1. Sn\u00f8gg Play-off    1. Rygene Play-off    1. Vindbjart Play-off    1. Vidar Play-off    1. Kopervik Play-off    1. Odda Play-off    1. Fjellkameratene Play-off   1. Fana Play-off    1. Skarb\u00f8vik Play-off    1. Nord -Gossen Play-off    1. Braatt Play-off    1. Ranheim Play-off    1. L\u00f8kken Play-off    1. Rosenborg Play-off    1. Stadsbygd Play-off    1. Sn\u00e5sa Play-off    1. Bod\u00f8/Glimt    1. Harstad Rematch Rematch Note: Norway's goals first Explanation:", "Eik - V\u00e5lerengen 4 - 2   Vindbjart - Stavanger 2-3  Rosenborg - Kristiansund 4 - 0  Kristiansund - Rosenborg 0 - 5 (agg. 0 - 9) \"Rosenborg promoted\"   1. Askim (Promoted)   1. Geithus (Play-off)   1. Drammens BK (Play-off)   1. Fremad (Play-off)   1. Nybergsund (Play-off)   1. Kvam (Play-off)   1. Dovre (Play-off) \"Table unknown.\" 1. \u00d8rn (Play-off)   1. Skiens-Grane (Play-off)   1. Rjukan (Play-off)   1. Rygene (Play-off)   1. V\u00e5g (Play-off)   1. Jarl (Play-off)   1. Ulf (Play-off)   1. Stord (Play-off)   1. Trane (Play-off)   1. Voss (Play-off)   1. Herd (Play-off)   1. Tr\u00e6ff (Play-off)   1. Framtid (Play-off)   1. L\u00f8kken (Play-off)   1. Falken (Play-off)   1. Opphaug (Play-off)   1. Fram (Skatval) (Play-off)   1. Bod\u00f8/Glimt   1. Narvik/ Nor   \"Geithus promoted\"   1. Kvam (Play-off) \"Fremad promoted\"    \"V\u00e5g promoted\"   \"Ulf promoted\"   \"Jarl promoted\"    \"Trane promoted\"    August 14 Rematch: September 4  Rematch:  September 25 Rematch: Note: Norway's goals first", "Some countries in the twenty-first century have added emphasis of free play into their values for children in early childhood such as Taiwan and Hungary. Structured play has clearly defined goals and rules and such play is called a \"game\". Other play is unstructured or open-ended. Both types of play promote adaptive behaviors and mental states of happiness. Sports with defined rules will take place within designated play spaces, such as sports fields where, in Soccer for example, players kick a ball in a certain direction and push opponents out of their way as they do so. While appropriate within the sport's play space, these same behaviors might be inappropriate or even illegal outside the playing field. Other designed play spaces can be playgrounds with dedicated equipment and structures to promote active and social play. Some play spaces go even farther in specialization to bring the play indoors and will often charge admission as seen at Children's Museums, Science Centers, or Family Entertainment Centers. Family Entertainment Centers (or Play Zones) are typically For-Profit businesses purely for play and entertainment, while Children's Museums and Science Centers are typically Non-Profit organizations for educational entertainment. The California-based National Institute for Play describes seven play patterns: Separate from self-initiated play, play therapy is used as a clinical application of play aimed at treating children who suffer from trauma, emotional issues and other problems. In young children, play is frequently associated with cognitive development and socialization. Play that promotes learning and recreation often incorporates toys, props, tools or other playmates. Play can consist of an amusing, pretend or imaginary activity alone or with another. Some forms of play are rehearsals or trials for later life events, such as \"play fighting\", pretend social encounters (such as parties with dolls), or flirting."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When  was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did his career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett's career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden-Adolph Green-Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping,", "answer_start": 438, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#5", "question": "What show did he begin his career?", "rewrite": "What show did Michael Bennett begin his career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dental ejective affricate The dental ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . Features of the dental ejective affricate:", "Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west.", "A Joyful Noise A Joyful Noise is a musical with a book by Edward Padula and music and lyrics by Oscar Brand and Paul Nassau. The 1966 Broadway production was a flop but introduced choreographer Michael Bennett in his Broadway debut. Based on Mississippi author Borden Deal's 1959 novel \"The Insolent Breed\", the story centers on Shade Motley, a fiddler who arrives in a small Southern town and shocks the stern community with his exuberant love of hillbilly music and life in general. The musical underwent significant changes, both in performers and creators, during the tryout period. The book originally written by Edward Padula was rewritten by Dore Schary, who also took over as director. However, he quit, and Padula and Michael Bennett became co-directors. Country music star Skeeter Davis was originally offered the ingenue lead but with no prior acting experience was reluctant to begin a Broadway career in such a pivotal role and declined. The part was eventually played by Donna McKechnie, later replaced by Susan Watson. Mitzi Welch and James Rado were replaced by Karen Morrow and Clifford David. It had \"laughably stilted dialogue\" and \"an unconvincing plot.\" John Raitt, who was to play Shade Motley, was aware of the show's problems and, in an interview, said that they \"could never get by the New York critics. \" The musical opened on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on December 15, 1966, and closed on December 24, 1966, after twelve performances and four previews. Directed by Padula and choreographed by Michael Bennett, the cast featured John Raitt as Shade Motley, Karen Morrow, Susan Watson, Leland Palmer, Tommy Tune and Baayork Lee.", "Topher is quick to rebuff saying Echo endured the Attic for the information and it wouldn't make sense. Topher and Ivy work together to hack into the D.C. Dollhouse. They are able to upload their own imprint to an active in the D.C. Dollhouse, which then enable Ballard and Anthony to get inside. There, they kidnap Bennett, but Ballard notices November and takes her with them. At the L.A. Dollhouse, Bennett is asked to assist Topher. Bennett initially refuses but DeWitt tells her she can be treated as a guest or a prisoner, and Bennett complies. DeWitt orders a full lockdown of the Dollhouse as Echo tries to comfort Ballard about November, but Ballard isn't so sure, given he himself is now an imprint. Topher brings Caroline's backup which Alpha damaged in \"Omega,\" and believes Bennett can put it back together given she has done something similar before. Topher and Bennett begin to flirt, but Bennett asks who the person they are trying to save is. Topher tries to deflect, but Bennett spots Echo and understands what is going on. Boyd goes to a hotel room to bring Dr. Saunders back to the Dollhouse. It is clear they are in a relationship. Back in the Dollhouse, Topher is rummaging through medical supplies. He has been punched by Bennett. Echo is there and asks what he did to Ballard. Again, Topher attempts to deflect, Echo pushes him to reveal that he unintentionally took away the connection between him and Echo, though not the memories. Dr. Saunders returns and treats Topher. In a flashback, Dominic informs DeWitt that three months ago, security footage was deleted from the main building, but not the Dollhouse."], "answer": {"text": "he appeared in Meredith Willson's Here's Love and the short-lived Bajour.", "answer_start": 577}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When  was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did his career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett's career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden-Adolph Green-Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping,", "answer_start": 438, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#6", "question": "what was his role in the plays?", "rewrite": "what was Michael Bennett's role in the \"Here's Love\" and \"Bajour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sim\u00f3n Bajour Sim\u00f3n Bajour also Szymsia Bajour (born Szymon Bach\u00f3rz) (April 4, 1928, Nasierowo G\u00f3rne or Nasielsk, Poland \u2013 February 8, 2005, Buenos Aires, Argentina) was a Jewish Polish-Argentine violinist who was known for both his popular and classical repertoires. His father Szmuel (d. October 10, 1951) sent Szymon as a child to the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music in Warsaw where he studied under Wilhelm Krysztal. He left with his parents in 1937 for Argentina where his father had previously lived and been naturalized, and Szymsia later studied under David Oistrakh in Moscow in 1963 and previously with Ljerko Spiller in Buenos Aires. Bajour was an original member of the first Quinteto of Astor Piazzolla together with Jaime Gosis, Kicho D\u00edaz and Horacio Malvicino recording the first recording of the song Adi\u00f3s Nonino. He was the first violin for \"Los Solistas de Buenos Aires\" and also played in the tango orchestra of Osvaldo Pugliese, Carlos Di Sarli, Atilio Stampone, Leopoldo Federico and Miguel Cal\u00f3. Bajour began in the Argentine Orquesta Sinf\u00f3nica Nacional served as first violin for the permanent orchestra of the Teatro Col\u00f3n. He worked in the Orquesta Sinf\u00f3nica de La Habana between 1961\u201367 and later with the Orquesta de J\u00f3venes M\u00fasicos de la Argentina, the Universidad de San Juan, the Filarm\u00f3nica de las Am\u00e9ricas, the Sinf\u00f3nica del Estado de M\u00e9xico and the orchestra of the Universidad Nacional de Veracruz where he was exiled from 1976\u20131980.", "Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -", "Bajour (musical) Bajour is a musical with a book by Ernest Kinoy and music and lyrics by Walter Marks. The musical is based on the Joseph Mitchell short stories \"The Gypsy Women\" and \"The King of the Gypsies\" published in \"The New Yorker\". The title is allegedly a Romani word for a con game in which lonely and unhappy women are swindled out of their life savings. New York University anthropology student Emily Kirsten studies the customs of the Dembeschti tribe of nomadic gypsies for her Ph.D. thesis. This brings her in contact with tribal leader Cockeye Johnny Dembo. He works out of a dilapidated storefront in a Manhattan slum and needs to raise $9,000 to purchase Anyanka from the Moyva King of Newark as a bride for his handsome son Steve. Anyanka is so anxious to seal the deal she offers to stage a bajour to help finance it, and complications ensue when she targets Emily's widowed mother as her victim. After tryouts at the Shubert Theatre in Boston, and Philadelphia the Broadway production opened on November 23, 1964 at the Shubert Theatre, and then transferred to the Lunt-Fontanne to complete its 232 performance run. Directed by Lawrence Kasha and choreographed by Peter Gennaro, the cast included Nancy Dussault as Emily, Herschel Bernardi as Johnny, Chita Rivera as Anyanka, Gus Trikonis as Steve, Herbert Edelman as the Moyva King, and Mae Questel as Mrs. Kirsten, with Paul Sorvino, Harry Goz, Michael Bennett, and Leland Palmer among the ensemble. Tony Award nominations went to Dussault for Best Actress in a Musical and Gennaro for Best Choreography. An original cast recording was released by Columbia Masterworks in 1964, conducted by Lehman Engel.", "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York, the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker. His father was Roman Catholic and Italian American and his mother was Jewish. He studied dance and choreography in his teens and staged a number of shows in his local high school before dropping out to accept the role of Baby John in the US and European tours of West Side Story. Bennett's career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden-Adolph Green-Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping, after which he appeared in Meredith Willson's Here's Love and the short-lived Bajour. In the mid-1960s he was a featured dancer on the NBC pop music series Hullabaloo, where he met fellow dancer Donna McKechnie. Bennett made his choreographic debut with A Joyful Noise (1966), which lasted only twelve performances, and in 1967 followed it with another failure, Henry, Sweet Henry (based on the Peter Sellers film The World of Henry Orient). Success finally arrived in 1968, when he choreographed the hit musical Promises, Promises on Broadway. With a contemporary pop score by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, a wisecracking book by Neil Simon and Bennett's well-received production numbers, including \"Turkey Lurkey Time\", the show ran for 1,281 performances. Over the next few years, he earned praise for his work on the straight play Twigs with Sada Thompson and the musical Coco with Katharine Hepburn. These were followed by two Stephen Sondheim productions, Company and Follies co-directed with Hal Prince. In 1973, Bennett was asked by producers Joseph Kipness and Larry Kasha to take over the ailing Cy Coleman-Dorothy Fields musical Seesaw.", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west."], "answer": {"text": "In the mid-1960s he was a featured dancer on the NBC pop music series Hullabaloo, where he met fellow dancer Donna McKechnie.", "answer_start": 651}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When  was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did his career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett's career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden-Adolph Green-Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping,", "answer_start": 438, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What show did he begin his career?", "answer": {"text": "he appeared in Meredith Willson's Here's Love and the short-lived Bajour.", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#7", "question": "Did he ever choreograph ?", "rewrite": "Did Michael Bennett ever choreograph ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -", "A Joyful Noise A Joyful Noise is a musical with a book by Edward Padula and music and lyrics by Oscar Brand and Paul Nassau. The 1966 Broadway production was a flop but introduced choreographer Michael Bennett in his Broadway debut. Based on Mississippi author Borden Deal's 1959 novel \"The Insolent Breed\", the story centers on Shade Motley, a fiddler who arrives in a small Southern town and shocks the stern community with his exuberant love of hillbilly music and life in general. The musical underwent significant changes, both in performers and creators, during the tryout period. The book originally written by Edward Padula was rewritten by Dore Schary, who also took over as director. However, he quit, and Padula and Michael Bennett became co-directors. Country music star Skeeter Davis was originally offered the ingenue lead but with no prior acting experience was reluctant to begin a Broadway career in such a pivotal role and declined. The part was eventually played by Donna McKechnie, later replaced by Susan Watson. Mitzi Welch and James Rado were replaced by Karen Morrow and Clifford David. It had \"laughably stilted dialogue\" and \"an unconvincing plot.\" John Raitt, who was to play Shade Motley, was aware of the show's problems and, in an interview, said that they \"could never get by the New York critics. \" The musical opened on Broadway at the Mark Hellinger Theatre on December 15, 1966, and closed on December 24, 1966, after twelve performances and four previews. Directed by Padula and choreographed by Michael Bennett, the cast featured John Raitt as Shade Motley, Karen Morrow, Susan Watson, Leland Palmer, Tommy Tune and Baayork Lee.", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west.", "On July 3, ROH announced The Briscoes would battle Roppongi Vice (Beretta and Rocky Romero) after both Beretta and Romero would attack Jay and Mark Briscoe at War of the Worlds '15 during The Briscoes match against Chaos (Kazuchika Okada and Shinsuke Nakamura). On July 6, ROH announced the leader of The Kingdom Adam Cole would battle The Party Peacock Dalton Castle at the event. On the July 4th episode of ROH Wrestling Dalton Castle would defeat Takaaki Watanabe. Later that same night, The Kingdom (Adam Cole, Michael Bennett, and Matt Taven) would lose to reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) and Michael Elgin. On July 4, Will Ferrara would capture a shocking win over The Last Real Man in Pro Wrestling Silas Young. On July 17, ROH announced that Silas Young would get another opportunity against Will Ferrara at the event. On July 23, ROH announced that House of Truth member Donovan Dijak will battle Takaaki Watanabe in a singles match that will be taped exclusively for ROH's YouTube Wrestling Channel. On the July 25th episode of Ring of Honor, The Kingdom (Matt Taven and Michael Bennett) alongside Maria Kanellis on commentary. Michael Bennett and Matt Taven would go on to defeat two ROH's Rookies in ROH's Wrestling Boot Camp. During the match Maria Kanellis would talk about how Adam Cole isn't siding with The Kingdom. Kanellis would also issue that The Kingdom is looking for a New Superstar who can capture the ROH World Championship as Adam Cole has failed on numerous occasions.", "Unlike his more famous contemporary Bob Fosse, Bennett was not known for a particular choreographic style. Instead, Bennett's choreography was motivated by the form of the musical involved, or the distinct characters interpreted. In Act 2 of Company, Bennett defied the usual choreographic expectations by deliberately taking the polish off the standard Broadway production number. The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine (\"Side By Side\") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters' singing and dancing. Bennett made the audience aware that this group had been flung together to perform, and that they were in over their heads. He intended the number to be not about the routine, but rather the characters behind it. The song \"One\" from A Chorus Line functions in a different way. The various phases of construction/rehearsal of the number are shown, and because the show is about professional dancers, the last performance of the song-and-dance routine has all the gloss and polish expected of Broadway production values. Bennett's choreography also reveals the cost of the number to the people behind it. Bennett was influenced by the work of Jerome Robbins. \"What Michael Bennett perceived early in Robbins' work was totality, all the sums of a given piece adding to a unified whole\". In Dreamgirls, Bennett's musical staging was described as a \"mesmerizing sense of movement\":  The most thrilling breakthrough of the extraordinary show is that whereas in A Chorus Line Michael Bennett choreographed the cast, in Dreamgirls he has choreographed the set.... Bennett's use of [the plexiglass towers that dominated the set] was revolutionary. The towers moved to create constantly changing perspectives and space, like an automated ballet.... They energized the action, driving it forcefully along."], "answer": {"text": "Bennett made his choreographic debut with A Joyful Noise (1966), which lasted only twelve performances,", "answer_start": 777}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When  was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did his career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett's career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden-Adolph Green-Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping,", "answer_start": 438, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What show did he begin his career?", "answer": {"text": "he appeared in Meredith Willson's Here's Love and the short-lived Bajour.", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his role in the plays?", "answer": {"text": "In the mid-1960s he was a featured dancer on the NBC pop music series Hullabaloo, where he met fellow dancer Donna McKechnie.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b44280b1d3a4ee3b42406a86a21c532_1_q#8", "question": "was any of his work a success?", "rewrite": "was any of Michael Bennett's work a success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michael Bennett (defensive tackle, born 1993) Benjamin Michael Bennett IV (born February 24, 1993) is an American football defensive tackle for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Ohio State. Bennett attended Centerville High School in Centerville, Ohio, where he was a first-team Division I All-Ohio performer who played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl. He was a two-time Greater Western Ohio Conference player of the year and served as team captain for coach Ron Ullery's 2010 Centerville team that went 9-3 and reached the regional semifinals. Bennett was also a top competitor in track & field. In 2011, Bennett\u2019s final throw of 19.48 meters (63 feet, 11 inches) in the shot put at the Division I track and field meet was enough to vault him to a state title at his future home on the Ohio State University campus. He followed up with a second-place finish in the discus with a toss of 56.50 meters (185 feet, 4 inches). He had top-throws of 19.80 meters (64 feet, 11.5 inches) in the shot put, 59.83 meters (196 feet, 3 inches) in the discus and 53.21 meters (174 feet, 6 inches) in the hammer at Centerville. As a true freshman in 2011, Bennett played in all 13 games, recording 17 tackles and three quarterback sacks. As a sophomore in 2012, Bennett played in only eight games due to injury. As a junior in 2013, Bennett started all 13 games, recording 44 tackles and 7.5 sacks. Bennett, who was unable to work out at the 2015 NFL Combine due to injury, pulled up on his 40-yard dash attempt at Ohio State's Pro Day with a hamstring problem.", "Unlike his more famous contemporary Bob Fosse, Bennett was not known for a particular choreographic style. Instead, Bennett's choreography was motivated by the form of the musical involved, or the distinct characters interpreted. In Act 2 of Company, Bennett defied the usual choreographic expectations by deliberately taking the polish off the standard Broadway production number. The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine (\"Side By Side\") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters' singing and dancing. Bennett made the audience aware that this group had been flung together to perform, and that they were in over their heads. He intended the number to be not about the routine, but rather the characters behind it. The song \"One\" from A Chorus Line functions in a different way. The various phases of construction/rehearsal of the number are shown, and because the show is about professional dancers, the last performance of the song-and-dance routine has all the gloss and polish expected of Broadway production values. Bennett's choreography also reveals the cost of the number to the people behind it. Bennett was influenced by the work of Jerome Robbins. \"What Michael Bennett perceived early in Robbins' work was totality, all the sums of a given piece adding to a unified whole\". In Dreamgirls, Bennett's musical staging was described as a \"mesmerizing sense of movement\":  The most thrilling breakthrough of the extraordinary show is that whereas in A Chorus Line Michael Bennett choreographed the cast, in Dreamgirls he has choreographed the set.... Bennett's use of [the plexiglass towers that dominated the set] was revolutionary. The towers moved to create constantly changing perspectives and space, like an automated ballet.... They energized the action, driving it forcefully along.", "Step on a Crack Step on a Crack is the first novel in the Michael Bennett series by James Patterson and Michael Ledwidge featuring Detective Michael Bennett and his 10 children. It was released on February 6, 2007. When a beloved former First Lady dies, an elaborate funeral is held at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City. Many famous people, including actors and politicians, attend. During the service, gunmen seal the cathedral and take all of the celebrities inside hostage. Knowing that each of their captives is enormously wealthy, they demand a ransom from each captive personally. While the lawyers, families, and talent agents of each of the famous captives assembles their ransom, the gunmen periodically kill and toss out hostages, including the current Mayor of New York City. NYPD Detective Michael Bennett is the lead negotiator with the gunmen. Through the course of his involvement, he consults with the FBI, goes on a botched raid of the cathedral in which an FBI agent and an NYPD officer die. Meanwhile, he learns that his wife, Maeve, who has cancer, has short time to live. When the gunmen receive their ransom, they demand a fleet of identical-looking sedans be brought to the cathedral. The NYPD provides the sedans with the intent of using snipers to kill each gunman as he exits the cathedral. Unfortunately, everyone emerges from the cathedral dressed identically in hoods and robes\u2014it is impossible to differentiate gunman from hostage. The hostages and gunmen pile into each of the sedans and drive off. Bennett and the NYPD and FBI follow from helicopters as the sedans travel a route that the gunmen had demanded be blocked off. From the helicopter, Bennett struggles to figure out where the sedans are going. Eventually the sedans break off into two groups\u2014one headed east and one west.", "On July 3, ROH announced The Briscoes would battle Roppongi Vice (Beretta and Rocky Romero) after both Beretta and Romero would attack Jay and Mark Briscoe at War of the Worlds '15 during The Briscoes match against Chaos (Kazuchika Okada and Shinsuke Nakamura). On July 6, ROH announced the leader of The Kingdom Adam Cole would battle The Party Peacock Dalton Castle at the event. On the July 4th episode of ROH Wrestling Dalton Castle would defeat Takaaki Watanabe. Later that same night, The Kingdom (Adam Cole, Michael Bennett, and Matt Taven) would lose to reDRagon (Bobby Fish and Kyle O'Reilly) and Michael Elgin. On July 4, Will Ferrara would capture a shocking win over The Last Real Man in Pro Wrestling Silas Young. On July 17, ROH announced that Silas Young would get another opportunity against Will Ferrara at the event. On July 23, ROH announced that House of Truth member Donovan Dijak will battle Takaaki Watanabe in a singles match that will be taped exclusively for ROH's YouTube Wrestling Channel. On the July 25th episode of Ring of Honor, The Kingdom (Matt Taven and Michael Bennett) alongside Maria Kanellis on commentary. Michael Bennett and Matt Taven would go on to defeat two ROH's Rookies in ROH's Wrestling Boot Camp. During the match Maria Kanellis would talk about how Adam Cole isn't siding with The Kingdom. Kanellis would also issue that The Kingdom is looking for a New Superstar who can capture the ROH World Championship as Adam Cole has failed on numerous occasions.", "Michael Bennett (book series) Michael Bennett is a series of thriller books by best-selling author James Patterson. The series is the #1 new bestselling detective series of the past twenty-five years. It follows Michael Bennett, an Irish American New York City detective, as he solves terrifying crimes and raises his ten adopted children. Step on a Crack (2007) \u2013 Michael Bennett must free the celebrities and billionaires held hostage at a First Lady\u2019s funeral. Run For Your Life (2009) \u2013 A serial killer called \u201cthe Teacher\u201d is killing off Manhattanites who break his idea of courtesy. Worst Case (2010) \u2013 Someone is kidnapping the children of wealthy families, but he doesn\u2019t ask for any ransom. Tick Tock (2011) \u2013 Michael Bennett has to cut into vacation time with his family as a serial killer rips New York apart with a string of horrifying murders. I, Michael Bennett (2012) \u2013 A South American drug lord terrorizes New York City as Michael Bennett does his best to force this criminal mastermind to stand trial for his crimes. Gone (2013) - Following his angering of a powerful drug lord, Bennett and his family are in a witness protection program out in the boondocks of California. Burn (2014) - Bennett investigates a high society dining club suspected of practicing ritual murder and cannibalism. Alert (2015) - New York City is reeling from a wave of high-profile assassinations which are only a prelude to a more shocking and widespread terrorist plot. Bullseye (2016) - The U.S. President's life is threatened by a mysterious conspiracy of snipers during an intense international conference in New York. Haunted (2017) - On vacation, local kids start disappearing and Michael Bennett is asked to investigate. Ambush (2018) -"], "answer": {"text": "In 1973, Bennett was asked by producers Joseph Kipness and Larry Kasha to take over the ailing Cy Coleman-Dorothy Fields musical Seesaw.", "answer_start": 1576}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Michael Bennett born?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett was born Michael Bennett DiFiglia in Buffalo, New York,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When  was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "the son of Helen (nee Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did his career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett's career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden-Adolph Green-Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping,", "answer_start": 438, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What show did he begin his career?", "answer": {"text": "he appeared in Meredith Willson's Here's Love and the short-lived Bajour.", "answer_start": 577, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his role in the plays?", "answer": {"text": "In the mid-1960s he was a featured dancer on the NBC pop music series Hullabaloo, where he met fellow dancer Donna McKechnie.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever choreograph ?", "answer": {"text": "Bennett made his choreographic debut with A Joyful Noise (1966), which lasted only twelve performances,", "answer_start": 777, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_188fc41081be4a1cb59db86a2bf39ccb_1_q#0", "question": "How did Jessica Alba begin her career?", "rewrite": "How did Jessica Alba begin her career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Killer Inside Me (2010 film) The Killer Inside Me is a crime erotic drama film adaptation of the 1952 novel of the same name by Jim Thompson. The film is directed by Michael Winterbottom and stars Casey Affleck, Jessica Alba, and Kate Hudson. It is the second film adaptation of Thompson's novel, the first being 1976's \"The Killer Inside Me\", directed by Burt Kennedy. At its release, the 2010 version was criticised for its graphic depiction of violence directed toward women. In 1952, Deputy Sheriff Lou Ford (Casey Affleck) is a pillar of his small west Texas community; secretly, he is a sociopath with violent sexual tastes. As a teenager, Lou was caught raping a five-year-old girl by his adopted brother Mike, who pleaded guilty to the crime to protect Lou. Released from prison, Mike was hired by Chester Conway (Ned Beatty), and died in a construction \u201caccident\u201d Lou believes was staged by Conway. At the request of Sheriff Bob Maples (Tom Bower), Lou visits Joyce Lakeland (Jessica Alba), a prostitute who is having an affair with Conway's son, Elmer (Jay R. Ferguson). When she continously provokes him with slaps, Lou violently beats Joyce, who enjoys pain, and they begin their own affair. They devise a plot to extort $10,000 from Conway. Maples and Conway ask Lou to oversee the payoff, but Lou enacts his own plan: he brutally beats Joyce and, believing her dead, shoots and kills Elmer, planting the gun on Joyce. However, Joyce survives, and Conway intends to see her executed for Elmer\u2019s murder.", "Some Kind of Beautiful Some Kind of Beautiful (Canadian title: How to Make Love Like an Englishman, UK title: Lessons in Love) is a 2014 American romantic comedy film written by Matthew Newman, directed by Tom Vaughan, and starring Pierce Brosnan, Jessica Alba and Salma Hayek. It was produced by Kevin Frakes and Richard Lewis. By day, Richard Haig (Pierce Brosnan) is a successful and well-respected English professor in the UK. By night, Richard indulges his own romantic fantasies with a steady stream of beautiful undergraduates. So when Kate (Jessica Alba), Richard's stunning, athletic, 25-year-old American girlfriend tells him that she is pregnant, Richard is shocked. Putting his wandering eye behind him, he marries her and agrees to move to Los Angeles to start their family. It doesn't take long for Richard to realize that his past is hard to escape, as is the toll his strained relationship with his dysfunctional father has had on him. Meanwhile, Kate tells Richard that she has developed feelings for someone else. They get divorced and Richard is free to move on with Kate's sister Olivia (Salma Hayek), with whom he has been in love with since before he married Kate. Olivia and Richard start dating soon after. Jessica Alba, Pierce Brosnan and Kristin Scott Thomas were the first to be cast in May. Thomas later dropped out and was replaced by Salma Hayek. Ben McKenzie joined the cast on October 17. The film was shot for 25 days, production started filming in Los Angeles on October 14, 2013 and ended on November 9, 2013. The film had its world premiere at the AFM on November 6, 2014. The film was released in Denmark on June 4, 2015.", "Good Luck Chuck Good Luck Chuck is a 2007 American romantic comedy film starring Dane Cook and Jessica Alba. In the film, women find their \"one true love\" after having sex with a dentist named Chuck (Cook). Chuck meets a girl named Cam (Alba) and tries to become her true love. The film opened in theaters on September 21, 2007, and was panned by critics. One of \"Good Luck Chuck\"s theatrical posters parodied the well-known \"Rolling Stone\" cover photographed by Annie Leibovitz featuring John Lennon and Yoko Ono in similar poses. While playing seven minutes in heaven at a party in 1985, 10-year-old Charles \"Chuck\" Logan (Connor Price) refuses to kiss a goth girl named Anisha (Sasha Pieterse) who attempts to have sex with him. In retaliation, Anisha places a curse on Chuck, so that every single woman he sleeps with will break up with him and marry the next man who asks her out. In the present, Chuck (Dane Cook) is a successful dentist in his thirties, and runs a dental practice in the same building as his best friend Stu's (Dan Fogler) plastic surgery business. Chuck finds himself unable to tell his girlfriend, Carol (Chelan Simmons), that he loves her, and she breaks up with him while having sex on the beach. Following the break up, Stu and Chuck decide to attend the wedding of one of Chuck\u2019s ex-girlfriends, Katie. At Katie\u2019s wedding, Chuck becomes enamored with Cam Wexler (Jessica Alba), a clumsy, yet attractive and friendly marine biologist. Their chemistry is apparent the moment they start talking. The wedding eventually ends, and they seemingly go their separate ways. While working at a penguin habitat, Cam accidentally slips and chips her tooth.", "The Honest Company The Honest Company is an American consumer goods company, founded by actress Jessica Alba, that emphasizes household products to supply the marketplace for ethical consumerism. The company had $250 million in 2016 sales and was valued shy of $1 billion as of October 2017. The Honest Company has raised multiple rounds of venture capital and was anticipating an initial public offering as of 2016. Honest serves the United States and Canada and plans to launch its beauty line products in Western Europe in 2019. Company founder Jessica Alba was inspired by the 2008 birth of her first child, Honor, and her own history of childhood illnesses to create a company that provided an alternative to the prevalent baby products with ingredients such as petrochemicals and synthetic fragrances. She was compelled to become serious about this venture when one of her mother's baby laundry recommendations caused her to have a welt outbreak. It took Alba three years to find her business partners Brian Lee, Sean Kane, and Christopher Gavigan. Despite advice that she should start small with a singular focus, Alba launched the company in 2012 with 17 products. Christopher Gavigan wrote the book, Healthy Child Healthy World, that addresses all the different toxins that children are exposed to in traditional household products. In the U.S., the F.D.A has banned fewer than a dozen harmful chemicals, while in Europe more than 1,300 chemicals are deemed unsafe for household products. With this research, Alba and Gavigan decided to create a company that avoids putting those 1,300 chemicals in its products. While building her company, Alba has lobbied the United States Congress to make testing of consumer products in the marketplace for chemical inputs more stringent. The company has a strong charitable mission that has been likened to Toms Shoes, Warby Parker, and Etsy. It donates products, revenues and labor.", "Escape from Planet Earth Escape from Planet Earth is a 2013 Canadian-American 3D computer animated comedy-science fiction film produced by Rainmaker Entertainment and distributed by The Weinstein Company in the United States and Alliance Films in Canada, directed by Cal Brunker, with a screenplay which he co-wrote with Bob Barlen, and features an ensemble voice cast that includes Rob Corddry, Brendan Fraser, Sarah Jessica Parker, William Shatner, Jessica Alba, Jane Lynch, Craig Robinson, George Lopez, Sof\u00eda Vergara, Steve Zahn, Chris Parnell, Jonathan Morgan Heit, and Ricky Gervais. The film was released on February 15, 2013. This was the first Rainmaker Entertainment film released in theaters. It was also Jessica Alba's voice debut in an animated feature. The film earned $74.6 million on a $40 million budget. In Planet Baab, a planet where human-like aliens have blue skin, Scorch Supernova (voiced by Brendan Fraser) works at BASA with his clumsy and smart older brother Gary (voiced by Rob Corddry). One day, he is on a mission to rescue captured babies from the Gnarlachs. He rescues them just in time before the Gnarlachs wake up. Scorch returns and reunites with Gary. Gary receives a message from Lena Thackleman (voiced by Jessica Alba), the head of BASA, that Scorch will be sent to the \"Dark Planet\" (the Baabians' name for Earth) due to a SOS call. Scorch decides to go to the Dark Planet, as he already made a press conference and contacted his sponsors. However, Gary opposes as Scorch is not serious and no alien has ever returned from the Dark Planet."], "answer": {"text": "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_188fc41081be4a1cb59db86a2bf39ccb_1_q#1", "question": "Did she do well there?", "rewrite": "Did Jessica Alba do well in the acting competition in Beverly Hills?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills, where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons. An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail. She was originally hired for two weeks but her role turned into a two-month job when one of the prominent actresses dropped out. Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films. She branched out into television in 1994 with a recurring role as the vain Jessica in three episodes of the Nickelodeon comedy series The Secret World of Alex Mack. She then performed the role of Maya in the first two seasons of the television series Flipper. Under the tutelage of her lifeguard mother, Alba learned to swim before she could walk, and she was a PADI-certified scuba diver, skills which were put to use on the show, which was filmed in Australia. In 1998, she appeared as Melissa Hauer in a first-season episode of the Steven Bochco crime-drama Brooklyn South, as Leanne in two episodes of Beverly Hills, 90210, and as Layla in an episode of Love Boat: The Next Wave. In 1999, she appeared in the Randy Quaid comedy feature P.U.N.K.S.. After Alba graduated from high school, she studied acting with William H. Macy and his wife, Felicity Huffman, at the Atlantic Theater Company, which was developed by Macy and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and film director, David Mamet.", "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills, where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons. An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail. She was originally hired for two weeks but her role turned into a two-month job when one of the prominent actresses dropped out. Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films. She branched out into television in 1994 with a recurring role as the vain Jessica in three episodes of the Nickelodeon comedy series The Secret World of Alex Mack. She then performed the role of Maya in the first two seasons of the television series Flipper. Under the tutelage of her lifeguard mother, Alba learned to swim before she could walk, and she was a PADI-certified scuba diver, skills which were put to use on the show, which was filmed in Australia. In 1998, she appeared as Melissa Hauer in a first-season episode of the Steven Bochco crime-drama Brooklyn South, as Leanne in two episodes of Beverly Hills, 90210, and as Layla in an episode of Love Boat: The Next Wave. In 1999, she appeared in the Randy Quaid comedy feature P.U.N.K.S.. After Alba graduated from high school, she studied acting with William H. Macy and his wife, Felicity Huffman, at the Atlantic Theater Company, which was developed by Macy and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and film director, David Mamet.", "The Beverly Hills Police Department and the Beverly Hills Fire Department serve as emergency response for the city. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Beverly Hills. The department operates the Simms/Mann Health and Wellness Center in Santa Monica, serving Beverly Hills. The United States Postal Service operates the Beverly Hills Post Office at 325 North Maple Drive, the Crescent Post Office at 323 North Crescent Drive, the Beverly Post Office at 312 South Beverly Drive, and the Eastgate Post Office at 8383 Wilshire Boulevard. The former Beverly Hills Post Office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1985. The city of Beverly Hills widely opposed Proposition 8, the 2008 ballot measure which repealed legal recognition of same-sex marriages. The proposition narrowly passed statewide, but in Beverly Hills, only 34% voted in favor, and 66% voted against it. In 2007, Jimmy Delshad became the city's first Iranian-born mayor, representing the city's large Iranian population. Beverly Hills is home to one Fortune 500 company, Live Nation Entertainment. Since August 22, 2011, the headquarters of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer have been located in Beverly Hills. The talent agencies United Talent Agency, William Morris Endeavor, Paradigm Talent Agency, The Gersh Agency, and Agency for the Performing Arts are based in Beverly Hills. Hilton Hotels Corporation formerly had its corporate headquarters in Beverly Hills. The original headquarters of GeoCities (at first Beverly Hills Internet) was at 9401 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills. The large Beverly Hills Oil Field has four urban drilling islands, which drill diagonally into the earth underneath the city. One drilling island occasioned a 2003 lawsuit representing former attendees of Beverly Hills High School, approximately 280 of which having suffered from cancers allegedly tied to the drilling operations. The oil site on the high school grounds are in the process of being shut down.", "Beverly Hills Post Office Beverly Hills Post Office (BHPO) is the name given to a section of Los Angeles, California, that lies within the 90210 ZIP code, assigned to the Beverly Hills Post Office. The identification of the section with Beverly Hills did not begin until the 1960s. \"When Beverly Hills was incorporated in 1914, the northern border was roughly a mile north of Sunset Boulevard, with the exception of Trousdale Estates. The remaining section stretching north to Mulholland Drive was left as part of the hills of Los Angeles, where it remained anonymous for decades. \" In 1963, the area was included within the 90210 ZIP Code, which also covers the northern part of Beverly Hills. The ZIP Code 90210 is still handled by the Beverly Hills Main Post Office. The original Beverly Hills Main Post Office from 1934 to the 1990s still sits at 469 North Crescent Drive in the Beverly Hills Civic Center, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In 1990, 325 North Maple Street was rebuilt as the new Beverly Hills Main Post Office; the old Main on Crescent Drive was closed in 1999 when the building was sold back to the City of Beverly Hills. Beverly Hills has other Post Offices in other ZIP Codes as well. As citizens of the city of Los Angeles, BHPO residents receive Los Angeles city services and vote in Los Angeles elections. This can cause problems with emergency response. For example, when actress Demi Moore needed an ambulance in January 2012, Beverly Hills and Los Angeles 9-1-1 operators used over two minutes to determine jurisdiction for her home. Public education is provided by the Los Angeles Unified School District as opposed to the Beverly Hills Unified School District, which serves students within Beverly Hills city limits. The western part of the Beverly Hills Post Office area is zoned to Warner Avenue Elementary School, while the eastern portion is zoned to West Hollywood Elementary School.", "Beverly Hills High School Beverly Hills High School (usually abbreviated as Beverly or as BHHS) is the only major public high school in Beverly Hills, California. The other public high school in Beverly Hills, Moreno High School, is a small alternative school located on Beverly's campus. Beverly is part of the Beverly Hills Unified School District and located on on the west side of Beverly Hills, at the border of the Century City area of Los Angeles. The land was previously part of the Beverly Hills Speedway board track, which was torn down in 1924. Beverly, which serves all of Beverly Hills, was founded in 1927. The original buildings were designed by Robert D. Farquhar in the French Normandy style. The school previously received income from its on-campus oil tower. Beverly Hills High School was originally in the Los Angeles City High School District. On March 23, 1936, the Beverly Hills Elementary School District left the Los Angeles City High School District and formed the Beverly Hills High School District; by operation of law this became the Beverly Hills Unified School District. During the 1999\u20132000 and 2004\u201305 school years, Beverly Hills High School was recognized with the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive. \" Newsweek\" ranked Beverly Hills High School as the 267th best public high school in the country. Most students are residents of Beverly Hills. As of 1991 the non-resident students allowed to enroll in Beverly Hills High are employees of BHUSD, children of employees of the City of Beverly Hills, and a small number of students in the \"multicultural program. \" Students in that program, which was financed by state funds tied to student enrollment, were required to supply their own transportation. The program accepted 30 students each year. The program began in the 1970s in order to expose the then-predominately Caucasian students to other cultures."], "answer": {"text": "where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons.", "answer_start": 165}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Jessica Alba begin her career?", "answer": {"text": "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_188fc41081be4a1cb59db86a2bf39ccb_1_q#2", "question": "Where did she take the acting lessons?", "rewrite": "Where did Jessica Alba take the acting lessons?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Escape from Planet Earth Escape from Planet Earth is a 2013 Canadian-American 3D computer animated comedy-science fiction film produced by Rainmaker Entertainment and distributed by The Weinstein Company in the United States and Alliance Films in Canada, directed by Cal Brunker, with a screenplay which he co-wrote with Bob Barlen, and features an ensemble voice cast that includes Rob Corddry, Brendan Fraser, Sarah Jessica Parker, William Shatner, Jessica Alba, Jane Lynch, Craig Robinson, George Lopez, Sof\u00eda Vergara, Steve Zahn, Chris Parnell, Jonathan Morgan Heit, and Ricky Gervais. The film was released on February 15, 2013. This was the first Rainmaker Entertainment film released in theaters. It was also Jessica Alba's voice debut in an animated feature. The film earned $74.6 million on a $40 million budget. In Planet Baab, a planet where human-like aliens have blue skin, Scorch Supernova (voiced by Brendan Fraser) works at BASA with his clumsy and smart older brother Gary (voiced by Rob Corddry). One day, he is on a mission to rescue captured babies from the Gnarlachs. He rescues them just in time before the Gnarlachs wake up. Scorch returns and reunites with Gary. Gary receives a message from Lena Thackleman (voiced by Jessica Alba), the head of BASA, that Scorch will be sent to the \"Dark Planet\" (the Baabians' name for Earth) due to a SOS call. Scorch decides to go to the Dark Planet, as he already made a press conference and contacted his sponsors. However, Gary opposes as Scorch is not serious and no alien has ever returned from the Dark Planet.", "Evgeny Ryasensky Evgeny Alexandrovich Ryasensky (; born July 18, 1987), or Yevgeni Ryasenski, is a Russian professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing with Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Ryasensky made his senior debut in the Russian Superleague with Ak Bars Kazan before transferring to Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk for the inaugural season of the KHL in 2008-09 season. Over the next six seasons Ryasensky spent time also with HC CSKA Moscow and SKA Saint Petersburg. In the 2014\u201315 season, Ryasensky was traded by SKA Saint Petersburg along with Alexei Grishin and Mikhail Tikhonov in a return to Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk in exchange for Nikolai Belov and a first-round pick on November 24, 2014. On November 24, 2015 on the initiative of the player, the club terminated the contract. On December 21, 2015, Ryasensky signed a contract in a return with Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk before the end of the season. After three further seasons with Neftekhimik, Ryasensky left as a free agent to join his fifth KHL club, Traktor Chelyabinsk, on September 25, 2017.", "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills, where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons. An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail. She was originally hired for two weeks but her role turned into a two-month job when one of the prominent actresses dropped out. Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films. She branched out into television in 1994 with a recurring role as the vain Jessica in three episodes of the Nickelodeon comedy series The Secret World of Alex Mack. She then performed the role of Maya in the first two seasons of the television series Flipper. Under the tutelage of her lifeguard mother, Alba learned to swim before she could walk, and she was a PADI-certified scuba diver, skills which were put to use on the show, which was filmed in Australia. In 1998, she appeared as Melissa Hauer in a first-season episode of the Steven Bochco crime-drama Brooklyn South, as Leanne in two episodes of Beverly Hills, 90210, and as Layla in an episode of Love Boat: The Next Wave. In 1999, she appeared in the Randy Quaid comedy feature P.U.N.K.S.. After Alba graduated from high school, she studied acting with William H. Macy and his wife, Felicity Huffman, at the Atlantic Theater Company, which was developed by Macy and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and film director, David Mamet.", "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills, where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons. An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail. She was originally hired for two weeks but her role turned into a two-month job when one of the prominent actresses dropped out. Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films. She branched out into television in 1994 with a recurring role as the vain Jessica in three episodes of the Nickelodeon comedy series The Secret World of Alex Mack. She then performed the role of Maya in the first two seasons of the television series Flipper. Under the tutelage of her lifeguard mother, Alba learned to swim before she could walk, and she was a PADI-certified scuba diver, skills which were put to use on the show, which was filmed in Australia. In 1998, she appeared as Melissa Hauer in a first-season episode of the Steven Bochco crime-drama Brooklyn South, as Leanne in two episodes of Beverly Hills, 90210, and as Layla in an episode of Love Boat: The Next Wave. In 1999, she appeared in the Randy Quaid comedy feature P.U.N.K.S.. After Alba graduated from high school, she studied acting with William H. Macy and his wife, Felicity Huffman, at the Atlantic Theater Company, which was developed by Macy and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and film director, David Mamet.", "Some Kind of Beautiful Some Kind of Beautiful (Canadian title: How to Make Love Like an Englishman, UK title: Lessons in Love) is a 2014 American romantic comedy film written by Matthew Newman, directed by Tom Vaughan, and starring Pierce Brosnan, Jessica Alba and Salma Hayek. It was produced by Kevin Frakes and Richard Lewis. By day, Richard Haig (Pierce Brosnan) is a successful and well-respected English professor in the UK. By night, Richard indulges his own romantic fantasies with a steady stream of beautiful undergraduates. So when Kate (Jessica Alba), Richard's stunning, athletic, 25-year-old American girlfriend tells him that she is pregnant, Richard is shocked. Putting his wandering eye behind him, he marries her and agrees to move to Los Angeles to start their family. It doesn't take long for Richard to realize that his past is hard to escape, as is the toll his strained relationship with his dysfunctional father has had on him. Meanwhile, Kate tells Richard that she has developed feelings for someone else. They get divorced and Richard is free to move on with Kate's sister Olivia (Salma Hayek), with whom he has been in love with since before he married Kate. Olivia and Richard start dating soon after. Jessica Alba, Pierce Brosnan and Kristin Scott Thomas were the first to be cast in May. Thomas later dropped out and was replaced by Salma Hayek. Ben McKenzie joined the cast on October 17. The film was shot for 25 days, production started filming in Los Angeles on October 14, 2013 and ended on November 9, 2013. The film had its world premiere at the AFM on November 6, 2014. The film was released in Denmark on June 4, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 150}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Jessica Alba begin her career?", "answer": {"text": "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do well there?", "answer": {"text": "where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_188fc41081be4a1cb59db86a2bf39ccb_1_q#3", "question": "Did she have other professional lessons?", "rewrite": "Did Jessica Alba have other professional lessons besides Beverly Hills?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The main road running through Beverly Hills is King Georges Road, connecting it north to Roselands and south to Hurstville. The road has palm trees running through its median strip as a nod to its Californian namesake. The other main road in Beverly Hills is Stoney Creek Road. This road intersects King Georges Road and connects Beverly Hills west to Peakhurst, Menai and east to Rockdale, Brighton-Le-Sands, Mascot and Sydney Airport. Entrances to the M5 Motorway are located on King Georges Road, west of the shopping centre. The M5 Motorway connects east to Bexley North, Arncliffe, Sydney Airport and the Sydney CBD and west to Liverpool and Campbelltown. Notable amongst the public buildings and amenities are Beverly Hills Girls' High School, Beverly Hills Primary School, Beverly Hills North Primary School and Regina Coeli Primary School. Beverly Hills Girls High School has approximately 1100 students and has been recently named a School of Excellence for its service to students of the Beverly Hills community. Regina Coeli Roman Catholic Church is Australia's only Catholic war memorial church. It was built in the early 1960s to commemorate the Australian-US alliance during World War 2. The flags of both nations are permanently hung on either side of the main altar, and a special Mass attended by US service personnel and diplomatic representatives is conducted there annually in commemoration of the Battle of the Coral Sea. Regina Coeli is sited prominently on the highest point in Beverly Hills, and is a landmark visible for many kilometres in all directions. Other churches in the suburb include: St Matthews Anglican Church, St Bedes Anglican Church, Church@School, Beverly Hills Baptist Church, Beverly Hills Chinese Baptist Church, Beverly Hills Church of Christ, and Beverly Hills New Apostolic Church. According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 10,156 residents in Beverly Hills. 49.4% of people were born in Australia.", "The Beverly Hills Police Department and the Beverly Hills Fire Department serve as emergency response for the city. The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Beverly Hills. The department operates the Simms/Mann Health and Wellness Center in Santa Monica, serving Beverly Hills. The United States Postal Service operates the Beverly Hills Post Office at 325 North Maple Drive, the Crescent Post Office at 323 North Crescent Drive, the Beverly Post Office at 312 South Beverly Drive, and the Eastgate Post Office at 8383 Wilshire Boulevard. The former Beverly Hills Post Office was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1985. The city of Beverly Hills widely opposed Proposition 8, the 2008 ballot measure which repealed legal recognition of same-sex marriages. The proposition narrowly passed statewide, but in Beverly Hills, only 34% voted in favor, and 66% voted against it. In 2007, Jimmy Delshad became the city's first Iranian-born mayor, representing the city's large Iranian population. Beverly Hills is home to one Fortune 500 company, Live Nation Entertainment. Since August 22, 2011, the headquarters of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer have been located in Beverly Hills. The talent agencies United Talent Agency, William Morris Endeavor, Paradigm Talent Agency, The Gersh Agency, and Agency for the Performing Arts are based in Beverly Hills. Hilton Hotels Corporation formerly had its corporate headquarters in Beverly Hills. The original headquarters of GeoCities (at first Beverly Hills Internet) was at 9401 Wilshire Boulevard in Beverly Hills. The large Beverly Hills Oil Field has four urban drilling islands, which drill diagonally into the earth underneath the city. One drilling island occasioned a 2003 lawsuit representing former attendees of Beverly Hills High School, approximately 280 of which having suffered from cancers allegedly tied to the drilling operations. The oil site on the high school grounds are in the process of being shut down.", "Beverly Hills Post Office Beverly Hills Post Office (BHPO) is the name given to a section of Los Angeles, California, that lies within the 90210 ZIP code, assigned to the Beverly Hills Post Office. The identification of the section with Beverly Hills did not begin until the 1960s. \"When Beverly Hills was incorporated in 1914, the northern border was roughly a mile north of Sunset Boulevard, with the exception of Trousdale Estates. The remaining section stretching north to Mulholland Drive was left as part of the hills of Los Angeles, where it remained anonymous for decades. \" In 1963, the area was included within the 90210 ZIP Code, which also covers the northern part of Beverly Hills. The ZIP Code 90210 is still handled by the Beverly Hills Main Post Office. The original Beverly Hills Main Post Office from 1934 to the 1990s still sits at 469 North Crescent Drive in the Beverly Hills Civic Center, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. In 1990, 325 North Maple Street was rebuilt as the new Beverly Hills Main Post Office; the old Main on Crescent Drive was closed in 1999 when the building was sold back to the City of Beverly Hills. Beverly Hills has other Post Offices in other ZIP Codes as well. As citizens of the city of Los Angeles, BHPO residents receive Los Angeles city services and vote in Los Angeles elections. This can cause problems with emergency response. For example, when actress Demi Moore needed an ambulance in January 2012, Beverly Hills and Los Angeles 9-1-1 operators used over two minutes to determine jurisdiction for her home. Public education is provided by the Los Angeles Unified School District as opposed to the Beverly Hills Unified School District, which serves students within Beverly Hills city limits. The western part of the Beverly Hills Post Office area is zoned to Warner Avenue Elementary School, while the eastern portion is zoned to West Hollywood Elementary School.", "According to the city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:  Beverly Hills is served by Beverly Hills Unified School District, which includes 2 K-8 schools (Hawthorne and Horace Mann), one middle school (Beverly Vista), Moreno High School, and Beverly Hills High School. Beverly Hills also has several private schools. Good Shepherd School, a PreK-8 school, is a part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. Other private schools include Harkham Hillel Hebrew Academy. Beverly Hills is served by free weekly newspapers \"The Beverly Hills Courier\" and \"Beverly Hills Weekly\". The BHUSD has a public-access television station called KBEV, which is run by the students of Beverly Hills High School. KBEV was founded in 1968, and produces many programs, including \"The Norman News\", which is the longest-running student news service in the country. In April 2016, the Beverly Hills City Council passed a resolution to create autonomous vehicles for public transportation within the next decade. Mayor John Mirisch said this was one of his top priorities during his tenure as mayor. \"This is a game-changer for Beverly Hills and, we hope, for the region,\" said Mirisch in the press release. \" Beverly Hills is the perfect community to take the lead to make this technology a reality. It is now both feasible and safe for autonomous cars to be on the road.\" Beverly Hills is famous for the zip code 90210, which gained further popularity following the Fox TV show Beverly Hills, 90210. Trousdale Estates is a 410-acre neighborhood of large, luxurious homes in Beverly Hills. It was primarily developed in the 1950s and early 1960s by Paul Trousdale, who petitioned the city to incorporate the land into Beverly Hills soon after purchasing it from The Doheny Family.", "Beverly Hills High School Beverly Hills High School (usually abbreviated as Beverly or as BHHS) is the only major public high school in Beverly Hills, California. The other public high school in Beverly Hills, Moreno High School, is a small alternative school located on Beverly's campus. Beverly is part of the Beverly Hills Unified School District and located on on the west side of Beverly Hills, at the border of the Century City area of Los Angeles. The land was previously part of the Beverly Hills Speedway board track, which was torn down in 1924. Beverly, which serves all of Beverly Hills, was founded in 1927. The original buildings were designed by Robert D. Farquhar in the French Normandy style. The school previously received income from its on-campus oil tower. Beverly Hills High School was originally in the Los Angeles City High School District. On March 23, 1936, the Beverly Hills Elementary School District left the Los Angeles City High School District and formed the Beverly Hills High School District; by operation of law this became the Beverly Hills Unified School District. During the 1999\u20132000 and 2004\u201305 school years, Beverly Hills High School was recognized with the Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive. \" Newsweek\" ranked Beverly Hills High School as the 267th best public high school in the country. Most students are residents of Beverly Hills. As of 1991 the non-resident students allowed to enroll in Beverly Hills High are employees of BHUSD, children of employees of the City of Beverly Hills, and a small number of students in the \"multicultural program. \" Students in that program, which was financed by state funds tied to student enrollment, were required to supply their own transportation. The program accepted 30 students each year. The program began in the 1970s in order to expose the then-predominately Caucasian students to other cultures."], "answer": {"text": "An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail.", "answer_start": 273}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Jessica Alba begin her career?", "answer": {"text": "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do well there?", "answer": {"text": "where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she take the acting lessons?", "answer": {"text": "Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_188fc41081be4a1cb59db86a2bf39ccb_1_q#4", "question": "How did that movie do?", "rewrite": "How did Camp Nowhere do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Melody Kay Melody Kay (born 1981) is an American actress. She starred in several movies including \"Camp Nowhere\" and \"The NeverEnding Story III: Escape from Fantasia\". Melody was born in Michigan and did local theater. She was in Life commercials and acted on and off Broadway. Melody is married with 2 children and has one sister.", "Working on It \"Working on It\" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea, released in 1989 as the fifth and final single from his compilation album \"New Light Through Old Windows\" (1988). It was written by Rea, and produced by Rea and Jon Kelly. \"Working on It\" reached No. 53 in the UK and No. 73 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It also topped the \"Billboard\" Album Rock Tracks chart. The song has appeared on the soundtracks of the American adventure comedy film \"Camp Nowhere\" and the TV film \"Beyond the Law\". Upon release, \"Billboard\" listed the song as a recommended pop single and commented: \"Top-five hit at album rock shows Rea's new label affiliation to be a smart career move. Straight-ahead, four-on-the-floor power rock could find a home at pop outlets as well.\" \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" commented that the song \"deserve[s] hit status\".", "Camp Nowhere Camp Nowhere is a 1994 American adventure comedy film directed by Jonathan Prince, written by Andrew Kurtzman and Eliot Wald, and stars Christopher Lloyd, Jonathan Jackson and Jessica Alba in her film debut. Morris \"Mud\" Himmel has a problem: his parents want to send him away to a summer computer camp. He hates going to summer camp and will do anything to get out of it. Talking to his friends, he realizes that they are all facing the same sentence of going to a boring summer camp. Together, they hatch a plan to create their own summer camp with no parents, no counselors, and no rules. Word gets out and other kids soon want to join the made-up summer camp. Mud decides to blackmail former drama teacher Dennis Van Welker into helping; he had bought an AMC Gremlin and failed to make most of the payments and is being pursued by soon-to-retire collector T.R. Polk, and agrees to help them in return for $1,000 and after they threaten to turn him in if he doesn't help. With Dennis' help, the kids trick all the parents into sending them to the camp, and then rent an old campground (that used to be a hippie commune back in the 1960s and 1970s.) with a cabin on a lake. Some parents believe it is a computer camp, while others believe it is a fat camp, military camp, or an acting camp. The kids use the money their parents had paid for camp to buy toys and food. After a little while, they get bored and wonder if they should just return home. Mud goes to Dennis for help, and with a bribe, he soon finds ways to keep things interesting and help them continue to have fun. Eventually, the parents want to come visit their kids, despite being told that there are no parents' days.", "In that company, Frakes did his first off-Broadway acting in Eugene O'Neill's \"The Hairy Ape\" directed by George Ferencz. His first Broadway appearance was in \"Shenandoah\". At the same time, he landed a role in the NBC soap opera \"The Doctors\". When his character was dismissed from the show, Frakes moved to Los Angeles and had guest spots in many of the top television series of the 1970s and 1980s, including \"The Waltons\" in an episode called \"The Legacy\", \"Eight Is Enough\", \"The Dukes of Hazzard\", \"Matlock\", \"Quincy, ME\" in \"The Face of Fear\" and \"Hill Street Blues\". He played the part of Charles Lindbergh in a 1983 episode of \"Voyagers!\" titled \"An Arrow Pointing East\". In 1983, he had a role in the short-lived NBC prime time soap opera \"Bare Essence\" (which also starred his future wife Genie Francis), and a supporting role in the equally short-lived primetime soap \"Paper Dolls\" in 1984. He also had recurring roles in \"Falcon Crest\" and the miniseries \"North and South\" before signing for the role of Commander William T. Riker on \"\". Frakes appeared in the 1986 miniseries \"Dream West\". He has done animation voice acting, most notably voicing the recurring role of David Xanatos in the animated series \"Gargoyles\", and he provided the voice of his own head in a jar in the \"Futurama\" episode \" Where No Fan Has Gone Before\". He had a small, uncredited role in the 1994 movie \"Camp Nowhere\".", "Mud makes a plan to trick them and, along with his friends, they keep the camp concealed. In a matter of hours, they fix it up and set up different scenarios representing the different camps (fat camp, computer camp, military camp, etc.) Their plan works and the parents don't suspect a thing. T.R. Polk then meets a state trooper who was also seeking Dennis, and they find their way into the camp and catch him. The police are called and Mud finds Dennis running away from the authorities. Mud is confronted by the police and protects Dennis from them, but soon after Dennis turns himself in. Mud confesses and explains that the whole thing was his idea, and uses the rest of the money to settle Dennis' debt with T.R. Polk, who'll retire with a perfect record. The other kids in a show of solidarity also claim responsibility and therefore all the parents refuse to press charges. Dennis gets off the hook and the kids leave for home, having had the greatest summer of their lives. The film received negative reviews from critics. Based on 11 reviews compiled retrospectively, Rotten Tomatoes gives it a score of 18%. However, according to the Rotten Tomatoes website, the film fared much better with general audiences, with a score of 58%. \" Camp Nowhere\" was released on VHS on June 6, 1995, and released on DVD August 5, 2003. Mill Creek Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray on October 11, 2011. Kino Lorber released the film on DVD and Blu-ray April 17, 2018."], "answer": {"text": "Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films.", "answer_start": 530}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Jessica Alba begin her career?", "answer": {"text": "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do well there?", "answer": {"text": "where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she take the acting lessons?", "answer": {"text": "Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have other professional lessons?", "answer": {"text": "An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail.", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_188fc41081be4a1cb59db86a2bf39ccb_1_q#5", "question": "Was she in anything else?", "rewrite": "Was Jessica Alba in anything else besides Camp Nowhere?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills, where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons. An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail. She was originally hired for two weeks but her role turned into a two-month job when one of the prominent actresses dropped out. Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films. She branched out into television in 1994 with a recurring role as the vain Jessica in three episodes of the Nickelodeon comedy series The Secret World of Alex Mack. She then performed the role of Maya in the first two seasons of the television series Flipper. Under the tutelage of her lifeguard mother, Alba learned to swim before she could walk, and she was a PADI-certified scuba diver, skills which were put to use on the show, which was filmed in Australia. In 1998, she appeared as Melissa Hauer in a first-season episode of the Steven Bochco crime-drama Brooklyn South, as Leanne in two episodes of Beverly Hills, 90210, and as Layla in an episode of Love Boat: The Next Wave. In 1999, she appeared in the Randy Quaid comedy feature P.U.N.K.S.. After Alba graduated from high school, she studied acting with William H. Macy and his wife, Felicity Huffman, at the Atlantic Theater Company, which was developed by Macy and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and film director, David Mamet.", "However, one of the writers said, \"I just felt like, how can you turn these people into a joke? I mean, these people are real people! Why would I direct a play where I held the characters in some sort of contempt or felt that they were ridiculous? We are allowed to do something else besides camp. \" The stage adaptation of \"The Beebo Brinker Chronicles\" was produced by Lily Tomlin and Jane Wagner, and it won the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) Media Award for \"fair, accurate, and inclusive\" portrayals of gay and lesbian people in New York Theater. In April 2008, Bannon appeared with the Seattle Women's Chorus in a performance called \"Vixen Fiction\". Bannon read excerpts of her work and discussed the effects of her writing on her own life and the lives of her readers. U.S. cable network HBO has optioned Bannon's novels for potential development as a series. In 1997, Bannon's work was included in a collection of authors who had made the deepest impact on the lives and identities of gays and lesbians, titled \"Particular Voices: Portraits of Gay and Lesbian Writers\". In 2000, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors awarded Bannon a Certificate of Honor \"for breaking new ground with works like \"Odd Girl Out\" and \"Women in the Shadows\"\" and for \"voic (ing) lesbian experiences at a time when explicit lesbian subject matter was silenced by government and communities.\" In 2004, Bannon was elected into the Saints and Sinners Literary Festival Hall of Fame. She received the Sacramento State Alumni Association's Distinguished Faculty Award for 2005, and received the Trailblazer Award from the Golden Crown Literary Society the same year; the GCLS created the Ann Bannon GCLS Popular Choice Award.", "Camp Nowhere Camp Nowhere is a 1994 American adventure comedy film directed by Jonathan Prince, written by Andrew Kurtzman and Eliot Wald, and stars Christopher Lloyd, Jonathan Jackson and Jessica Alba in her film debut. Morris \"Mud\" Himmel has a problem: his parents want to send him away to a summer computer camp. He hates going to summer camp and will do anything to get out of it. Talking to his friends, he realizes that they are all facing the same sentence of going to a boring summer camp. Together, they hatch a plan to create their own summer camp with no parents, no counselors, and no rules. Word gets out and other kids soon want to join the made-up summer camp. Mud decides to blackmail former drama teacher Dennis Van Welker into helping; he had bought an AMC Gremlin and failed to make most of the payments and is being pursued by soon-to-retire collector T.R. Polk, and agrees to help them in return for $1,000 and after they threaten to turn him in if he doesn't help. With Dennis' help, the kids trick all the parents into sending them to the camp, and then rent an old campground (that used to be a hippie commune back in the 1960s and 1970s.) with a cabin on a lake. Some parents believe it is a computer camp, while others believe it is a fat camp, military camp, or an acting camp. The kids use the money their parents had paid for camp to buy toys and food. After a little while, they get bored and wonder if they should just return home. Mud goes to Dennis for help, and with a bribe, he soon finds ways to keep things interesting and help them continue to have fun. Eventually, the parents want to come visit their kids, despite being told that there are no parents' days.", "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills, where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons. An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail. She was originally hired for two weeks but her role turned into a two-month job when one of the prominent actresses dropped out. Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films. She branched out into television in 1994 with a recurring role as the vain Jessica in three episodes of the Nickelodeon comedy series The Secret World of Alex Mack. She then performed the role of Maya in the first two seasons of the television series Flipper. Under the tutelage of her lifeguard mother, Alba learned to swim before she could walk, and she was a PADI-certified scuba diver, skills which were put to use on the show, which was filmed in Australia. In 1998, she appeared as Melissa Hauer in a first-season episode of the Steven Bochco crime-drama Brooklyn South, as Leanne in two episodes of Beverly Hills, 90210, and as Layla in an episode of Love Boat: The Next Wave. In 1999, she appeared in the Randy Quaid comedy feature P.U.N.K.S.. After Alba graduated from high school, she studied acting with William H. Macy and his wife, Felicity Huffman, at the Atlantic Theater Company, which was developed by Macy and Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright and film director, David Mamet.", "Some Kind of Beautiful Some Kind of Beautiful (Canadian title: How to Make Love Like an Englishman, UK title: Lessons in Love) is a 2014 American romantic comedy film written by Matthew Newman, directed by Tom Vaughan, and starring Pierce Brosnan, Jessica Alba and Salma Hayek. It was produced by Kevin Frakes and Richard Lewis. By day, Richard Haig (Pierce Brosnan) is a successful and well-respected English professor in the UK. By night, Richard indulges his own romantic fantasies with a steady stream of beautiful undergraduates. So when Kate (Jessica Alba), Richard's stunning, athletic, 25-year-old American girlfriend tells him that she is pregnant, Richard is shocked. Putting his wandering eye behind him, he marries her and agrees to move to Los Angeles to start their family. It doesn't take long for Richard to realize that his past is hard to escape, as is the toll his strained relationship with his dysfunctional father has had on him. Meanwhile, Kate tells Richard that she has developed feelings for someone else. They get divorced and Richard is free to move on with Kate's sister Olivia (Salma Hayek), with whom he has been in love with since before he married Kate. Olivia and Richard start dating soon after. Jessica Alba, Pierce Brosnan and Kristin Scott Thomas were the first to be cast in May. Thomas later dropped out and was replaced by Salma Hayek. Ben McKenzie joined the cast on October 17. The film was shot for 25 days, production started filming in Los Angeles on October 14, 2013 and ended on November 9, 2013. The film had its world premiere at the AFM on November 6, 2014. The film was released in Denmark on June 4, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "television in 1994 with a recurring role as the vain Jessica in three episodes of the Nickelodeon comedy series The Secret World of Alex Mack.", "answer_start": 700}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Jessica Alba begin her career?", "answer": {"text": "Alba expressed an interest in acting from the age of five. In 1992, the 11-year-old Alba persuaded her mother to take her to an acting competition in Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do well there?", "answer": {"text": "where the grand prize was free acting classes. Alba won the grand prize, and took her first acting lessons.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she take the acting lessons?", "answer": {"text": "Beverly Hills,", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have other professional lessons?", "answer": {"text": "An agent signed Alba nine months later. Her first appearance on film was a small role in the 1994 feature Camp Nowhere as Gail.", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did that movie do?", "answer": {"text": "Alba appeared in two national television commercials for Nintendo and J. C. Penney as a child. She was later featured in several independent films.", "answer_start": 530, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#0", "question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "rewrite": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On Smith's urging, Kravitz dropped the name Romeo Blue and reclaimed the Lenny Kravitz moniker. About his time as Romeo Blue, Kravitz said, \"Ultimately, it got me back to myself. And when I finally did accept myself for myself, music started flowing out of me.\" Kravitz released his d\u00e9but album \" Let Love Rule\" in 1989, a combination of rock and funk with a 1960s vibe. Music critics were mixed: some felt Kravitz was a gifted new artist , others felt he was overpowered by his musical influences. The album was a moderate success in the United States, but became an instant hit outside of the US, especially in Europe. Lisa Bonet directed the debut music video for the title track, \"Let Love Rule\". Stephen Smith signed Kravitz with talent booking agency CAA, who soon were fielding offers for Kravitz, first on a club tour, and then in opening slots for Tom Petty & the Heartbreakers, Bob Dylan and David Bowie. Having played essentially all of the instruments on the album, Kravitz had to quickly assemble a touring band to support the Let Love Rule release. They included a childhood friend, Zoro on drums (formerly of Bobby Brown's band), Adam Widoff (guitar), Lebron Scott (bass guitar, recruited from Curtis Mayfield's band after seeing them perform in a NYC club), Kenneth Crouch (keyboards) and Karl Denson on saxophone. In May 2009, a 20th Anniversary Deluxe Edition of \"Let Love Rule\" was released worldwide by Virgin. The double disk includes a booklet with rare photos, and 18 additional demos, bonus tracks and live recordings. Kravitz launched a LLR(20) tour of Europe and the United States in support of the re-release.", "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.", "Let Love Rule (Lenny Kravitz album)  Let Love Rule is the debut studio album of American rock musician Lenny Kravitz, released on September 6, 1989 by Virgin Records. Then-wife Lisa Bonet wrote the lyrics to \"Fear\" and co-wrote the lyrics on the song \"Rosemary\"; other than that the album is virtually a one-man Kravitz show, as he wrote and produced all the songs and played nearly all the instruments. \"Let Love Rule\" reached number 61 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while it peaked at number 56 on the UK Albums Chart. The album is also featured in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". All tracks written by Lenny Kravitz, except \"Fear\" lyrics by Lisa Bonet, and \"Rosemary\" lyrics by Kravitz and Bonet. CD bonus tracks American version All tracks written by Lenny Kravitz, except where noted. Disc 2 (\"Let Love Rule Live\") The video for the lead single \"Let Love Rule\" was nominated for an MTV Video Music Award for \"Best New Artist\".", "Let Love Rule (Archie Roach album)  Let Love Rule is the seventh studio album by Australian singer songwriter Archie Roach. The album was released in November 2016 and peaked at number 24 on the ARIA Charts and became Roach's highest charting album to date. Upon release Roach said \"I wanted to write about love, or a willingness to love all people. We are closing ourselves off and not letting people in. And not just in the sense of not letting them into the country, but not letting them into our hearts, into our minds. Many of the songs on the album are really a call for understanding.\" The 18-month creative process of \"Let Love Rule\" saw Roach travelling from a modest inner-Melbourne recording studio to the Melbourne Recital Centre and back to his mother's Gunditijmara country. Roach reuniting with producer Craig Pilkington who worked on \"Into the Bloodstream\" in 2012, the spiritual work encapsulates a soulful production style and a vocal performance that is unparalleled. Jack Latimore from Beat Magazine gave the album 8.5 out of 10 saying \"Archie Roach's new album \"Let Love Rule\" is a complex, textured offering that reaches orchestral heights, often from minimal, pensive beginnings. \" adding \"Lyrically, \"Let Love Rule\" is imbued with human compassion, mutual respect, and spiritual exhortations.\" Latimore said \"The minimalistic, melancholic yet hopeful \"Always Be Here\".. is a standout track, along with the elated west-mex \"Love Is Everything\".\" Paul Barr from Reading said \"Musically, \"Let Love Rule\" is Roach's most varied and adventurous affair yet. \" adding \"Album opener and title track \"Let Love Rule\" begins with piano, a strong gospel feel, and pretty much outlines", "However, in May, Melanie C told \"Heat\" magazine that the first single from the album would be a ballad titled \"Let Love Lead the Way\" and would be released in August. In July 2000, the girls said that the first single had not been chosen yet, and that they were still up for discussion which one will be the first single. Finally, in late July, Melanie C confirmed to T4 that their new single will be a double A-side of \"Let Love Lead the Way\" and \"Holler\", saying that the video for \"Let Love Lead the Way\" was filmed a week before. \"Let Love Lead the Way\" was written by the members of the group Victoria Beckham, Melanie Brown, Emma Bunton and Melanie Chisholm, along with Rodney Jerkins, LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III and Harvey Mason Jr., while production was handled by Jerkins and Mason Jr. \"Let Love Lead the Way\" is an inspirational song, with the girls singing words of wisdom to a girl. In the chorus, they sing, \"Part of me laughs /Part of me cries/ Part of me wants to question why [...] Just keep the faith/And let love lead the way. \" The song is widely believed to be written about Geri Halliwell. The song was very well received by most music critics. Helen Marquis of \"Amazon.com\" called it an \"instantly recognisable Spice ballad,\" while \"Sputnikmusic\" called it a \"gorgeous ballad.\" \"The Bland Is Out There\" named it \"a sweet and solid ballad.\" David Browne of \"Entertainment Weekly\" criticized the track, writing that it \"could be sung by any urban radio girl group."], "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#1", "question": "were there any singles?", "rewrite": "were there any singles on Let Love In by Goo Goo Dolls?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art &amp; Commerce What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce (often referred to simply as EOAC) is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987\u20132000. Tracks 1\u20134 are from the album \" Dizzy Up the Girl\". Tracks 5\u20139 are from the album \"A Boy Named Goo\". Tracks 10\u201316 are from the album \"Superstar Car Wash\". Tracks 17\u201320 are from the album \" Hold Me Up\". Track 21 is from the album \"Jed\". Track 22 is from the album \"Goo Goo Dolls\". Multiple songs, such as \"Acoustic #3\" and \"All Eyes On Me\", have an extended musical interlude. \" Two Days In February\" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. \" Naked\" is an extended version of the original, which was on \"A Boy Named Goo\", and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered. The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as \"Iris\" and \"Name\") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles.", "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.", "Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer Tour The Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Daughtry and the Goo Goo Dolls. The tour is in support of their studio albums \"Baptized\" and \"Magnetic\". The tour began on June 12, 2014. It was originally scheduled to end on August 23, 2014, but was expanded to include two more dates and ended on August 30. The tour was first announced on March 10, 2014. About the tour Goo Goo Dolls front man, John Rzeznik says, \"We are excited to finally be teaming up with Daughtry.\" \"Not only are we huge fans of Chris, but we think this is going to be a huge party for the fans of both of our bands. The combination of the two will make for an awesome summer night of great American rock music.\" The Goo Goo Dolls' set lasted for eighty-five minutes, Daughtry played for eighty, while opener Plain White T's started the show by playing for thirty. During the Goo Goo Dolls set bass player Robby Takac sang lead for a few songs. The \"Digital Journal\"s, Markos Papadatos says of the Goo Goo Dolls, \"Overall, the Goo Goo Dolls gave Long Island, New York, a night of acoustic, rock and adult contemporary music to remember. It is no wonder that they have been around for well over two decades and they have always managed to stay relevant despite the changes in the music industry.\" Sophia June of the \"Daily Emerald\" says, \"Upon the first glance, the nights lineup seemed a bit random-like creating an unconventional meal out of the last ingredients in your pantry. I wasn't convinced the three bands had much cohesion until the Goo Goo Dolls third song-\"Slide\".", "A Boy Named Goo A Boy Named Goo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released in 1995 on Warner Bros. As a commercial success, it has been RIAA-certified as double-platinum. This is the Goo Goo Dolls' last studio album with George Tutuska on drums; he was replaced by Mike Malinin just before the album was released. This album is the Goo Goo Dolls' first studio album to not have 14 tracks. The song \"Stand Alone\" was written by George Tutuska, and because John Rzeznik didn't want to exploit George's efforts after his dismissal, the song was only included on a promo version of the album. On the wide-release version, it is replaced with \"Disconnected\" and \"Slave Girl\", which were initially B-sides to the \"Only One\" single. On the same promo, \"Ain't That Unusual\" was labeled as \"Someday\". The two replacement songs are covers of songs by defunct Buffalo and Sydney punk bands The Enemies and Lime Spiders. The song \"Name\" is well known as the Goo Goo Dolls' first hit. According to lead singer John Rzeznik, the song's unusual composition came about \"quite accidentally\". This album also marked the band's last with the Metal Blade Records imprint. On June 5, 1996, the band's label, Warner Bros., released a statement claiming that Walmart had decided to stop selling \"A Boy Named Goo\" because some Walmart customers had complained that the album cover was offensive. The statement claimed that some customers had incorrectly thought that the child on the cover was smeared in blood rather than blackberry juice.", "Goo Goo Dolls are a blending of the melodic, harmony-laden romantic Plain White T's and the rock energy and driving electric guitar of Daughtry.\" John Serba from \"M. Live\" gave the show 2\u00bd stars out of 4, and said that he felt like Daughtry sounded generic and that the Goo Goo Dolls \"ring true\". About Daughtry he said that they were \"skirting the edge of aggro-rock at times \u2013 the type of sound that might benefit from a more dynamic light show than what nature provides on a mild summer evening. Although the crowd responded with more enthusiasm to songs such as \"Over You\", \"It's Not Over\" and \"Battleships\", Daughtry's set sometimes lacked punch\". For the Goo Goo Dolls, a highlight is when they performed \"Rebel Beat\". When comparing the two bands, Daughtry is stronger at singing and the Good Goo Dolls are stronger at songwriting. \"Sioux City Journal\"s Bruce R. Miller said, \"While the two acts couldn't have been more dissimilar, they helped show just how far that \"rock\" label can stretch\", \"Daughtry followed a more familiar path, Goo Goo Dolls went an alternate route. \" The showmanship between the two was also different. When Goo Goo Dolls bass player Robby Takac took over on lead vocals on a few songs he didn't receive the same reaction as John Rzeznik did."], "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#2", "question": "did they tour?", "rewrite": "did Goo Goo Dolls tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A Boy Named Goo A Boy Named Goo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released in 1995 on Warner Bros. As a commercial success, it has been RIAA-certified as double-platinum. This is the Goo Goo Dolls' last studio album with George Tutuska on drums; he was replaced by Mike Malinin just before the album was released. This album is the Goo Goo Dolls' first studio album to not have 14 tracks. The song \"Stand Alone\" was written by George Tutuska, and because John Rzeznik didn't want to exploit George's efforts after his dismissal, the song was only included on a promo version of the album. On the wide-release version, it is replaced with \"Disconnected\" and \"Slave Girl\", which were initially B-sides to the \"Only One\" single. On the same promo, \"Ain't That Unusual\" was labeled as \"Someday\". The two replacement songs are covers of songs by defunct Buffalo and Sydney punk bands The Enemies and Lime Spiders. The song \"Name\" is well known as the Goo Goo Dolls' first hit. According to lead singer John Rzeznik, the song's unusual composition came about \"quite accidentally\". This album also marked the band's last with the Metal Blade Records imprint. On June 5, 1996, the band's label, Warner Bros., released a statement claiming that Walmart had decided to stop selling \"A Boy Named Goo\" because some Walmart customers had complained that the album cover was offensive. The statement claimed that some customers had incorrectly thought that the child on the cover was smeared in blood rather than blackberry juice.", "Goo Goo Dolls are a blending of the melodic, harmony-laden romantic Plain White T's and the rock energy and driving electric guitar of Daughtry.\" John Serba from \"M. Live\" gave the show 2\u00bd stars out of 4, and said that he felt like Daughtry sounded generic and that the Goo Goo Dolls \"ring true\". About Daughtry he said that they were \"skirting the edge of aggro-rock at times \u2013 the type of sound that might benefit from a more dynamic light show than what nature provides on a mild summer evening. Although the crowd responded with more enthusiasm to songs such as \"Over You\", \"It's Not Over\" and \"Battleships\", Daughtry's set sometimes lacked punch\". For the Goo Goo Dolls, a highlight is when they performed \"Rebel Beat\". When comparing the two bands, Daughtry is stronger at singing and the Good Goo Dolls are stronger at songwriting. \"Sioux City Journal\"s Bruce R. Miller said, \"While the two acts couldn't have been more dissimilar, they helped show just how far that \"rock\" label can stretch\", \"Daughtry followed a more familiar path, Goo Goo Dolls went an alternate route. \" The showmanship between the two was also different. When Goo Goo Dolls bass player Robby Takac took over on lead vocals on a few songs he didn't receive the same reaction as John Rzeznik did.", "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.", "Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer Tour The Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Daughtry and the Goo Goo Dolls. The tour is in support of their studio albums \"Baptized\" and \"Magnetic\". The tour began on June 12, 2014. It was originally scheduled to end on August 23, 2014, but was expanded to include two more dates and ended on August 30. The tour was first announced on March 10, 2014. About the tour Goo Goo Dolls front man, John Rzeznik says, \"We are excited to finally be teaming up with Daughtry.\" \"Not only are we huge fans of Chris, but we think this is going to be a huge party for the fans of both of our bands. The combination of the two will make for an awesome summer night of great American rock music.\" The Goo Goo Dolls' set lasted for eighty-five minutes, Daughtry played for eighty, while opener Plain White T's started the show by playing for thirty. During the Goo Goo Dolls set bass player Robby Takac sang lead for a few songs. The \"Digital Journal\"s, Markos Papadatos says of the Goo Goo Dolls, \"Overall, the Goo Goo Dolls gave Long Island, New York, a night of acoustic, rock and adult contemporary music to remember. It is no wonder that they have been around for well over two decades and they have always managed to stay relevant despite the changes in the music industry.\" Sophia June of the \"Daily Emerald\" says, \"Upon the first glance, the nights lineup seemed a bit random-like creating an unconventional meal out of the last ingredients in your pantry. I wasn't convinced the three bands had much cohesion until the Goo Goo Dolls third song-\"Slide\".", "What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art &amp; Commerce What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce (often referred to simply as EOAC) is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987\u20132000. Tracks 1\u20134 are from the album \" Dizzy Up the Girl\". Tracks 5\u20139 are from the album \"A Boy Named Goo\". Tracks 10\u201316 are from the album \"Superstar Car Wash\". Tracks 17\u201320 are from the album \" Hold Me Up\". Track 21 is from the album \"Jed\". Track 22 is from the album \"Goo Goo Dolls\". Multiple songs, such as \"Acoustic #3\" and \"All Eyes On Me\", have an extended musical interlude. \" Two Days In February\" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. \" Naked\" is an extended version of the original, which was on \"A Boy Named Goo\", and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered. The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as \"Iris\" and \"Name\") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles."], "answer": {"text": "On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "answer_start": 1354}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#3", "question": "who did they tour with?", "rewrite": "who did Goo Goo Dolls tour with?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art &amp; Commerce What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce (often referred to simply as EOAC) is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987\u20132000. Tracks 1\u20134 are from the album \" Dizzy Up the Girl\". Tracks 5\u20139 are from the album \"A Boy Named Goo\". Tracks 10\u201316 are from the album \"Superstar Car Wash\". Tracks 17\u201320 are from the album \" Hold Me Up\". Track 21 is from the album \"Jed\". Track 22 is from the album \"Goo Goo Dolls\". Multiple songs, such as \"Acoustic #3\" and \"All Eyes On Me\", have an extended musical interlude. \" Two Days In February\" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. \" Naked\" is an extended version of the original, which was on \"A Boy Named Goo\", and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered. The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as \"Iris\" and \"Name\") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles.", "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.", "A Boy Named Goo A Boy Named Goo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released in 1995 on Warner Bros. As a commercial success, it has been RIAA-certified as double-platinum. This is the Goo Goo Dolls' last studio album with George Tutuska on drums; he was replaced by Mike Malinin just before the album was released. This album is the Goo Goo Dolls' first studio album to not have 14 tracks. The song \"Stand Alone\" was written by George Tutuska, and because John Rzeznik didn't want to exploit George's efforts after his dismissal, the song was only included on a promo version of the album. On the wide-release version, it is replaced with \"Disconnected\" and \"Slave Girl\", which were initially B-sides to the \"Only One\" single. On the same promo, \"Ain't That Unusual\" was labeled as \"Someday\". The two replacement songs are covers of songs by defunct Buffalo and Sydney punk bands The Enemies and Lime Spiders. The song \"Name\" is well known as the Goo Goo Dolls' first hit. According to lead singer John Rzeznik, the song's unusual composition came about \"quite accidentally\". This album also marked the band's last with the Metal Blade Records imprint. On June 5, 1996, the band's label, Warner Bros., released a statement claiming that Walmart had decided to stop selling \"A Boy Named Goo\" because some Walmart customers had complained that the album cover was offensive. The statement claimed that some customers had incorrectly thought that the child on the cover was smeared in blood rather than blackberry juice.", "Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer Tour The Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Daughtry and the Goo Goo Dolls. The tour is in support of their studio albums \"Baptized\" and \"Magnetic\". The tour began on June 12, 2014. It was originally scheduled to end on August 23, 2014, but was expanded to include two more dates and ended on August 30. The tour was first announced on March 10, 2014. About the tour Goo Goo Dolls front man, John Rzeznik says, \"We are excited to finally be teaming up with Daughtry.\" \"Not only are we huge fans of Chris, but we think this is going to be a huge party for the fans of both of our bands. The combination of the two will make for an awesome summer night of great American rock music.\" The Goo Goo Dolls' set lasted for eighty-five minutes, Daughtry played for eighty, while opener Plain White T's started the show by playing for thirty. During the Goo Goo Dolls set bass player Robby Takac sang lead for a few songs. The \"Digital Journal\"s, Markos Papadatos says of the Goo Goo Dolls, \"Overall, the Goo Goo Dolls gave Long Island, New York, a night of acoustic, rock and adult contemporary music to remember. It is no wonder that they have been around for well over two decades and they have always managed to stay relevant despite the changes in the music industry.\" Sophia June of the \"Daily Emerald\" says, \"Upon the first glance, the nights lineup seemed a bit random-like creating an unconventional meal out of the last ingredients in your pantry. I wasn't convinced the three bands had much cohesion until the Goo Goo Dolls third song-\"Slide\".", "Goo Goo Dolls are a blending of the melodic, harmony-laden romantic Plain White T's and the rock energy and driving electric guitar of Daughtry.\" John Serba from \"M. Live\" gave the show 2\u00bd stars out of 4, and said that he felt like Daughtry sounded generic and that the Goo Goo Dolls \"ring true\". About Daughtry he said that they were \"skirting the edge of aggro-rock at times \u2013 the type of sound that might benefit from a more dynamic light show than what nature provides on a mild summer evening. Although the crowd responded with more enthusiasm to songs such as \"Over You\", \"It's Not Over\" and \"Battleships\", Daughtry's set sometimes lacked punch\". For the Goo Goo Dolls, a highlight is when they performed \"Rebel Beat\". When comparing the two bands, Daughtry is stronger at singing and the Good Goo Dolls are stronger at songwriting. \"Sioux City Journal\"s Bruce R. Miller said, \"While the two acts couldn't have been more dissimilar, they helped show just how far that \"rock\" label can stretch\", \"Daughtry followed a more familiar path, Goo Goo Dolls went an alternate route. \" The showmanship between the two was also different. When Goo Goo Dolls bass player Robby Takac took over on lead vocals on a few songs he didn't receive the same reaction as John Rzeznik did."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#4", "question": "did they make a music video?", "rewrite": "did Goo Goo Dolls make a music video?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art &amp; Commerce What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce (often referred to simply as EOAC) is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987\u20132000. Tracks 1\u20134 are from the album \" Dizzy Up the Girl\". Tracks 5\u20139 are from the album \"A Boy Named Goo\". Tracks 10\u201316 are from the album \"Superstar Car Wash\". Tracks 17\u201320 are from the album \" Hold Me Up\". Track 21 is from the album \"Jed\". Track 22 is from the album \"Goo Goo Dolls\". Multiple songs, such as \"Acoustic #3\" and \"All Eyes On Me\", have an extended musical interlude. \" Two Days In February\" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. \" Naked\" is an extended version of the original, which was on \"A Boy Named Goo\", and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered. The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as \"Iris\" and \"Name\") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles.", "Goo Goo Dolls are a blending of the melodic, harmony-laden romantic Plain White T's and the rock energy and driving electric guitar of Daughtry.\" John Serba from \"M. Live\" gave the show 2\u00bd stars out of 4, and said that he felt like Daughtry sounded generic and that the Goo Goo Dolls \"ring true\". About Daughtry he said that they were \"skirting the edge of aggro-rock at times \u2013 the type of sound that might benefit from a more dynamic light show than what nature provides on a mild summer evening. Although the crowd responded with more enthusiasm to songs such as \"Over You\", \"It's Not Over\" and \"Battleships\", Daughtry's set sometimes lacked punch\". For the Goo Goo Dolls, a highlight is when they performed \"Rebel Beat\". When comparing the two bands, Daughtry is stronger at singing and the Good Goo Dolls are stronger at songwriting. \"Sioux City Journal\"s Bruce R. Miller said, \"While the two acts couldn't have been more dissimilar, they helped show just how far that \"rock\" label can stretch\", \"Daughtry followed a more familiar path, Goo Goo Dolls went an alternate route. \" The showmanship between the two was also different. When Goo Goo Dolls bass player Robby Takac took over on lead vocals on a few songs he didn't receive the same reaction as John Rzeznik did.", "Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer Tour The Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Daughtry and the Goo Goo Dolls. The tour is in support of their studio albums \"Baptized\" and \"Magnetic\". The tour began on June 12, 2014. It was originally scheduled to end on August 23, 2014, but was expanded to include two more dates and ended on August 30. The tour was first announced on March 10, 2014. About the tour Goo Goo Dolls front man, John Rzeznik says, \"We are excited to finally be teaming up with Daughtry.\" \"Not only are we huge fans of Chris, but we think this is going to be a huge party for the fans of both of our bands. The combination of the two will make for an awesome summer night of great American rock music.\" The Goo Goo Dolls' set lasted for eighty-five minutes, Daughtry played for eighty, while opener Plain White T's started the show by playing for thirty. During the Goo Goo Dolls set bass player Robby Takac sang lead for a few songs. The \"Digital Journal\"s, Markos Papadatos says of the Goo Goo Dolls, \"Overall, the Goo Goo Dolls gave Long Island, New York, a night of acoustic, rock and adult contemporary music to remember. It is no wonder that they have been around for well over two decades and they have always managed to stay relevant despite the changes in the music industry.\" Sophia June of the \"Daily Emerald\" says, \"Upon the first glance, the nights lineup seemed a bit random-like creating an unconventional meal out of the last ingredients in your pantry. I wasn't convinced the three bands had much cohesion until the Goo Goo Dolls third song-\"Slide\".", "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.", "A Boy Named Goo A Boy Named Goo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released in 1995 on Warner Bros. As a commercial success, it has been RIAA-certified as double-platinum. This is the Goo Goo Dolls' last studio album with George Tutuska on drums; he was replaced by Mike Malinin just before the album was released. This album is the Goo Goo Dolls' first studio album to not have 14 tracks. The song \"Stand Alone\" was written by George Tutuska, and because John Rzeznik didn't want to exploit George's efforts after his dismissal, the song was only included on a promo version of the album. On the wide-release version, it is replaced with \"Disconnected\" and \"Slave Girl\", which were initially B-sides to the \"Only One\" single. On the same promo, \"Ain't That Unusual\" was labeled as \"Someday\". The two replacement songs are covers of songs by defunct Buffalo and Sydney punk bands The Enemies and Lime Spiders. The song \"Name\" is well known as the Goo Goo Dolls' first hit. According to lead singer John Rzeznik, the song's unusual composition came about \"quite accidentally\". This album also marked the band's last with the Metal Blade Records imprint. On June 5, 1996, the band's label, Warner Bros., released a statement claiming that Walmart had decided to stop selling \"A Boy Named Goo\" because some Walmart customers had complained that the album cover was offensive. The statement claimed that some customers had incorrectly thought that the child on the cover was smeared in blood rather than blackberry juice."], "answer": {"text": "The Goo Goo Dolls and the NHL Buffalo Sabres came together to create a video for the Sabres 2007 playoff run.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they tour with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#5", "question": "did they partner with anybody?", "rewrite": "did Goo Goo Dolls partner with anybody?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Goo Goo Dolls are a blending of the melodic, harmony-laden romantic Plain White T's and the rock energy and driving electric guitar of Daughtry.\" John Serba from \"M. Live\" gave the show 2\u00bd stars out of 4, and said that he felt like Daughtry sounded generic and that the Goo Goo Dolls \"ring true\". About Daughtry he said that they were \"skirting the edge of aggro-rock at times \u2013 the type of sound that might benefit from a more dynamic light show than what nature provides on a mild summer evening. Although the crowd responded with more enthusiasm to songs such as \"Over You\", \"It's Not Over\" and \"Battleships\", Daughtry's set sometimes lacked punch\". For the Goo Goo Dolls, a highlight is when they performed \"Rebel Beat\". When comparing the two bands, Daughtry is stronger at singing and the Good Goo Dolls are stronger at songwriting. \"Sioux City Journal\"s Bruce R. Miller said, \"While the two acts couldn't have been more dissimilar, they helped show just how far that \"rock\" label can stretch\", \"Daughtry followed a more familiar path, Goo Goo Dolls went an alternate route. \" The showmanship between the two was also different. When Goo Goo Dolls bass player Robby Takac took over on lead vocals on a few songs he didn't receive the same reaction as John Rzeznik did.", "What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art &amp; Commerce What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce (often referred to simply as EOAC) is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987\u20132000. Tracks 1\u20134 are from the album \" Dizzy Up the Girl\". Tracks 5\u20139 are from the album \"A Boy Named Goo\". Tracks 10\u201316 are from the album \"Superstar Car Wash\". Tracks 17\u201320 are from the album \" Hold Me Up\". Track 21 is from the album \"Jed\". Track 22 is from the album \"Goo Goo Dolls\". Multiple songs, such as \"Acoustic #3\" and \"All Eyes On Me\", have an extended musical interlude. \" Two Days In February\" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. \" Naked\" is an extended version of the original, which was on \"A Boy Named Goo\", and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered. The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as \"Iris\" and \"Name\") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles.", "Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer Tour The Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Daughtry and the Goo Goo Dolls. The tour is in support of their studio albums \"Baptized\" and \"Magnetic\". The tour began on June 12, 2014. It was originally scheduled to end on August 23, 2014, but was expanded to include two more dates and ended on August 30. The tour was first announced on March 10, 2014. About the tour Goo Goo Dolls front man, John Rzeznik says, \"We are excited to finally be teaming up with Daughtry.\" \"Not only are we huge fans of Chris, but we think this is going to be a huge party for the fans of both of our bands. The combination of the two will make for an awesome summer night of great American rock music.\" The Goo Goo Dolls' set lasted for eighty-five minutes, Daughtry played for eighty, while opener Plain White T's started the show by playing for thirty. During the Goo Goo Dolls set bass player Robby Takac sang lead for a few songs. The \"Digital Journal\"s, Markos Papadatos says of the Goo Goo Dolls, \"Overall, the Goo Goo Dolls gave Long Island, New York, a night of acoustic, rock and adult contemporary music to remember. It is no wonder that they have been around for well over two decades and they have always managed to stay relevant despite the changes in the music industry.\" Sophia June of the \"Daily Emerald\" says, \"Upon the first glance, the nights lineup seemed a bit random-like creating an unconventional meal out of the last ingredients in your pantry. I wasn't convinced the three bands had much cohesion until the Goo Goo Dolls third song-\"Slide\".", "A Boy Named Goo A Boy Named Goo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released in 1995 on Warner Bros. As a commercial success, it has been RIAA-certified as double-platinum. This is the Goo Goo Dolls' last studio album with George Tutuska on drums; he was replaced by Mike Malinin just before the album was released. This album is the Goo Goo Dolls' first studio album to not have 14 tracks. The song \"Stand Alone\" was written by George Tutuska, and because John Rzeznik didn't want to exploit George's efforts after his dismissal, the song was only included on a promo version of the album. On the wide-release version, it is replaced with \"Disconnected\" and \"Slave Girl\", which were initially B-sides to the \"Only One\" single. On the same promo, \"Ain't That Unusual\" was labeled as \"Someday\". The two replacement songs are covers of songs by defunct Buffalo and Sydney punk bands The Enemies and Lime Spiders. The song \"Name\" is well known as the Goo Goo Dolls' first hit. According to lead singer John Rzeznik, the song's unusual composition came about \"quite accidentally\". This album also marked the band's last with the Metal Blade Records imprint. On June 5, 1996, the band's label, Warner Bros., released a statement claiming that Walmart had decided to stop selling \"A Boy Named Goo\" because some Walmart customers had complained that the album cover was offensive. The statement claimed that some customers had incorrectly thought that the child on the cover was smeared in blood rather than blackberry juice.", "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2."], "answer": {"text": "NHL Buffalo Sabres", "answer_start": 26}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they tour with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they make a music video?", "answer": {"text": "The Goo Goo Dolls and the NHL Buffalo Sabres came together to create a video for the Sabres 2007 playoff run.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#6", "question": "anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "anything else interesting, aside from performing to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Ampitheatre in Morrison, Colorado?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2004 Campbell was featured in a book by Gary Monroe titled \"Extraordinary Interpretations: Florida Self Taught Art\", with over 60 self-taught artists from all over the state. He toured his Cosmic Folk Art Show, \"environment-transforming installations\" created by his crew of fellow artists: Carl Knickerbocker, Regina Smith, Tony Garan, and Morgan Steele. This same crew helped open Scramble's Vision Gallery in Winter Park, Florida. The gallery rotated pieces from all five artists. He moved to Colorado shortly after opening the gallery. Campbell then took a break from touring to take classes at the 2004 Visionary Art Intensive at the Omega Institute in Rhinebeck, New York with Alex & Allison Grey. Living in Morrison, Colorado near Red Rocks Scramble painted in his studio as well. He completed Impressions on the Sacred Stones. Studio painting that depicts the history of Red Rocks Amphitheatre completed at Red Rocks home/studio. Sacred Stones has been on display in the Red Rocks visitor center since 2009. Campbell continued to travel and paint throughout the last decade. Yearly attending New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, Magfest, New Year's Eve, NedFest, Telluride Blues and Brews Festival, and the Red Rocks Amphitheatre Easter Sunrise Service. Living in Colorado afforded him opportunity to performance paint at many Colorado events. Campbell also made numerous journeys to Europe. The Netherlands, Spain, London, Mexico, Thailand, Cambodia and Italy are among the many countries he has visited. Campbell became a Historian and tour guide for the Red Rocks Amphitheatre in 2009. In 2010 he was proclaimed Mayor for a Day at Red Rocks' Leftover Salmon performance. Campbell has completed over 2000 performance paintings over his career. In 2009 Campbell's art was included in the book \"PhanArt\", the art of the fans of Phish.", ", Blues Traveler's \"Live on the Rocks\" album, Steve Martin's comedy album \"A Wild and Crazy Guy\", The Moody Blues's \"A Night at Red Rocks with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra\", and Boukman Eksperyans' album \"Live At Red Rocks\". Widespread Panic's DVD \" The Earth Will Swallow You\" features a 15 min segment on Red Rocks. The live Neil Young album, \"Road Rock Vol. 1\", and its accompanying DVD \"Red Rocks Live\" were filmed and recorded at Red Rocks in 2000 during the \"Silver and Gold\" tour. Local Colorado band Big Head Todd and the Monsters released a DVD and live album of a notable 1995 performance in 2003, capturing what has become a local annual early season tradition. In 2009, they followed the original recording up with a 2-CD/1DVD set from their June 2008 performance. A two-volume 2003 album, \"Carved in Stone\", features live performances by various artists at Red Rocks, including R.E.M., Ben Harper, Coldplay, The Allman Brothers Band, and Phish, with proceeds going towards a fund for preservation of the park and amphitheatre. Phish frontman, Trey Anastasio included excerpts from his 2005 performance at Red Rocks on the DVD that accompanied his album \"Shine.\" Country music superstar Gary Allan filmed the music video for his song \"Watching Airplanes\" during a live sell-out concert at Red Rocks in August 2007. A portion of British rock band Oasis's rockumentary film \"Lord Don't Slow Me Down\" was filmed at Red Rocks. A Perfect Circle also included one live video recording on the CD/DVD AMotion. Insane Clown Posse played with Twiztid, Blaze Ya", "Colorado musicians who have performed at Red Rocks include John Denver in '73, Judy Collins in '73, Big Head Todd and the Monsters in '94, String Cheese Incident in '00, Earth, Wind & Fire (some members are from Denver) in '02, The Fray in '06, DeVotchKa in '08, 3OH!3 in '12, Pretty Lights in '12, OneRepublic in '13, and The Lumineers in 2013. Red Rocks has been a popular venue for live recordings, particularly videos due to the visual uniqueness of the setting. During the 1970s and 1980s, local folk-rocker John Denver recorded several world-televised concerts at Red Rocks. U2's 1983 concert video, \"\", became a best-selling long-form concert video and the performance of \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\" was played frequently on MTV. Fleetwood Mac singer Stevie Nicks released a 60-minute-long DVD of her 1987 concert at the amphitheatre, towards the end of her Rock a Little tour. In 1992 The Moody Blues performed live for the first time with a symphony orchestra for a PBS special \"A Night at Red Rocks with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra\". The concert also was released on CD and DVD along with a companion DVD \"The Other Side of Red Rocks\" which documented the rehearsals and preparation for the concert and excerpts from the concert. Other Red Rocks material on CD and DVD includes Dave Matthews Band's albums \"Live at Red Rocks 8.15.95\" and the CD/DVD \"Weekend on the Rocks\", which is a compilation of the band's four night run in 2005 Also recorded are The Samples live album, \"Live in Colorado\", John Tesh's \"Live at Red Rocks\" and \"Worship at Red Rocks\", the Incubus DVD \" Alive at Red Rocks\"", "The video also featured several aerial views of the venue during the day as well as during the concert itself. This performance of the song was done to help spread awareness for Cystic Fibrosis and to share Bryan's journey with the disease. The music video was released on September 25, 2014. On June 10, 2015 Barenaked Ladies performed at Red Rocks on their Last Summer on Earth 2015 tour. The performance was aired on AXS TV, then later released on May 20, 2016 as a live album titled BNL Rocks Red Rocks and in 2017 the English hard rock supergroup Bad Company. Opeth released a live DVD/blu ray of their May 11, 2017 performance at Red Rocks on November 2, 2018. A portion of a filmed concert at Red Rocks of country artist Waylon Jennings, was included in His 1980 ABC TV special entitled \"Waylon\". In 1987, former Colorado Senator Gary Hart announced his campaign for president with a press conference at Red Rocks. Part of the 1990 film \" The Adventures of Ford Fairlane\" was filmed at Red Rocks. Opening sequences feature the fictional rock band \"Black Plague\" playing at Red Rocks Amphitheatre where lead singer Bobby Black (played by Vince Neil) makes a grand entrance hanging from the rock face of the landmark red rocks above the crowd swooping on stage via zipline. The amphitheatre was the start and finish line of the reality show \"The Amazing Race 9\". The Red Rocks Amphitheatre was featured in an episode of \"South Park\", as the location of a Jonas Brothers concert. The Red Rocks formations were featured in an episode of \"Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman\" entitled, \"Last Dance\", where the character of Sully, in 1871, determined to work toward convincing the government to designate the entire area as a protected national park. Rapper B.o. B. filmed his music video", "Red Rocks Amphitheatre Red Rocks Amphitheatre is an open-air amphitheatre built into a rock structure near Morrison, Colorado, west of Denver. There is a large, tilted, disc-shaped rock behind the stage, a huge vertical rock angled outwards from stage right, several large outcrops angled outwards from stage left and a seating area for up to 9,525 people in between. At its height, the amphitheatre sits at above sea level, and the surrounding Red Rocks Park covers . The amphitheater is owned and operated by the City and County of Denver, Colorado and is located in Red Rocks Park, part of the Denver Mountain Parks. In the first decade of the twentieth century, John Brisben Walker had a vision of artists performing on a stage nestled in the perfectly acoustic surroundings of Red Rocks, which likely were used by the Ute tribe in earlier times. Walker produced several concerts between 1906 and 1910 on a temporary platform; and from his dream, the history of Red Rocks as an entertainment venue began. It took the natural amphitheater of Red Rocks over 200 million years to form. The city of Denver acquired Red Rocks amphitheater from Walker for $54,133 (equivalent to $ today), with a total area of . In addition to the platform, Walker also built the Mount Morrison Cable Incline funicular railway which carried tourists from a base at what is today the parking lot of the amphitheatre up to enjoy the view from the top of Mount Morrison; the incline operated for about five years beginning in 1909. Geologically, the rocks surrounding the amphitheater are representative of the Fountain Formation. Originally the place was known as the \"Garden of the Angels\" (1870s-1906), and then as \"Garden of the Titans\" during the Walker years (1906\u20131928)."], "answer": {"text": "Though not certified by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the album is said to have gone Gold", "answer_start": 298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they tour with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they make a music video?", "answer": {"text": "The Goo Goo Dolls and the NHL Buffalo Sabres came together to create a video for the Sabres 2007 playoff run.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did they partner with anybody?", "answer": {"text": "NHL Buffalo Sabres", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#7", "question": "did the album win any awards?", "rewrite": "did the album Let Love In by Goo Goo Dolls win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Goo Goo Dolls are a blending of the melodic, harmony-laden romantic Plain White T's and the rock energy and driving electric guitar of Daughtry.\" John Serba from \"M. Live\" gave the show 2\u00bd stars out of 4, and said that he felt like Daughtry sounded generic and that the Goo Goo Dolls \"ring true\". About Daughtry he said that they were \"skirting the edge of aggro-rock at times \u2013 the type of sound that might benefit from a more dynamic light show than what nature provides on a mild summer evening. Although the crowd responded with more enthusiasm to songs such as \"Over You\", \"It's Not Over\" and \"Battleships\", Daughtry's set sometimes lacked punch\". For the Goo Goo Dolls, a highlight is when they performed \"Rebel Beat\". When comparing the two bands, Daughtry is stronger at singing and the Good Goo Dolls are stronger at songwriting. \"Sioux City Journal\"s Bruce R. Miller said, \"While the two acts couldn't have been more dissimilar, they helped show just how far that \"rock\" label can stretch\", \"Daughtry followed a more familiar path, Goo Goo Dolls went an alternate route. \" The showmanship between the two was also different. When Goo Goo Dolls bass player Robby Takac took over on lead vocals on a few songs he didn't receive the same reaction as John Rzeznik did.", "Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer Tour The Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Daughtry and the Goo Goo Dolls. The tour is in support of their studio albums \"Baptized\" and \"Magnetic\". The tour began on June 12, 2014. It was originally scheduled to end on August 23, 2014, but was expanded to include two more dates and ended on August 30. The tour was first announced on March 10, 2014. About the tour Goo Goo Dolls front man, John Rzeznik says, \"We are excited to finally be teaming up with Daughtry.\" \"Not only are we huge fans of Chris, but we think this is going to be a huge party for the fans of both of our bands. The combination of the two will make for an awesome summer night of great American rock music.\" The Goo Goo Dolls' set lasted for eighty-five minutes, Daughtry played for eighty, while opener Plain White T's started the show by playing for thirty. During the Goo Goo Dolls set bass player Robby Takac sang lead for a few songs. The \"Digital Journal\"s, Markos Papadatos says of the Goo Goo Dolls, \"Overall, the Goo Goo Dolls gave Long Island, New York, a night of acoustic, rock and adult contemporary music to remember. It is no wonder that they have been around for well over two decades and they have always managed to stay relevant despite the changes in the music industry.\" Sophia June of the \"Daily Emerald\" says, \"Upon the first glance, the nights lineup seemed a bit random-like creating an unconventional meal out of the last ingredients in your pantry. I wasn't convinced the three bands had much cohesion until the Goo Goo Dolls third song-\"Slide\".", "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.", "A Boy Named Goo A Boy Named Goo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released in 1995 on Warner Bros. As a commercial success, it has been RIAA-certified as double-platinum. This is the Goo Goo Dolls' last studio album with George Tutuska on drums; he was replaced by Mike Malinin just before the album was released. This album is the Goo Goo Dolls' first studio album to not have 14 tracks. The song \"Stand Alone\" was written by George Tutuska, and because John Rzeznik didn't want to exploit George's efforts after his dismissal, the song was only included on a promo version of the album. On the wide-release version, it is replaced with \"Disconnected\" and \"Slave Girl\", which were initially B-sides to the \"Only One\" single. On the same promo, \"Ain't That Unusual\" was labeled as \"Someday\". The two replacement songs are covers of songs by defunct Buffalo and Sydney punk bands The Enemies and Lime Spiders. The song \"Name\" is well known as the Goo Goo Dolls' first hit. According to lead singer John Rzeznik, the song's unusual composition came about \"quite accidentally\". This album also marked the band's last with the Metal Blade Records imprint. On June 5, 1996, the band's label, Warner Bros., released a statement claiming that Walmart had decided to stop selling \"A Boy Named Goo\" because some Walmart customers had complained that the album cover was offensive. The statement claimed that some customers had incorrectly thought that the child on the cover was smeared in blood rather than blackberry juice.", "What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art &amp; Commerce What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce (often referred to simply as EOAC) is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987\u20132000. Tracks 1\u20134 are from the album \" Dizzy Up the Girl\". Tracks 5\u20139 are from the album \"A Boy Named Goo\". Tracks 10\u201316 are from the album \"Superstar Car Wash\". Tracks 17\u201320 are from the album \" Hold Me Up\". Track 21 is from the album \"Jed\". Track 22 is from the album \"Goo Goo Dolls\". Multiple songs, such as \"Acoustic #3\" and \"All Eyes On Me\", have an extended musical interlude. \" Two Days In February\" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. \" Naked\" is an extended version of the original, which was on \"A Boy Named Goo\", and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered. The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as \"Iris\" and \"Name\") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they tour with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they make a music video?", "answer": {"text": "The Goo Goo Dolls and the NHL Buffalo Sabres came together to create a video for the Sabres 2007 playoff run.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did they partner with anybody?", "answer": {"text": "NHL Buffalo Sabres", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Though not certified by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the album is said to have gone Gold", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_82a2d2228b3743ecaaa4aea52dcdeecf_0_q#8", "question": "was it well received by fans?", "rewrite": "was Let Love In by Goo Goo Dolls well received by fans?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In, which included the studio recording of \"Give a Little Bit\" as well as other top 10 radio singles \"Better Days\", \"Stay with You\", and \"Let Love In\". With their third consecutive single (\"Let Love In\") from the album, the Goo Goo Dolls hit a record 12 top 10 hits in Adult Top 40 history, beating Matchbox Twenty and Sheryl Crow until Matchbox Twenty's release of Exile on Mainstream and the Goo Goo Dolls' release of \"Before It's Too Late\" from the Transformers Soundtrack, which left both groups with 13 top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40. Goo Goo Dolls planned to release another single from Let Love In, \"Without You Here\", as well as a song from the July 2007 Transformers movie called \"Before It's Too Late\", originally titled \"Fiction\". To promote the new single, the Goo Goo Dolls performed \"Before It's Too Late\" at both The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on June 8, 2007, and again at The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on June 22, 2007. In July 2007 the band discussed their career as a whole and gave a live performance on A&E's Private Sessions. Rzeznik stated that after the release of \"Without You Here\" and their summer tour with Lifehouse and Colbie Caillat, the band would return to the studio to begin work on their next album, their ninth overall. On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado. The performance premiered on HDNet in high-definition on Sunday, September 30. The entire concert was released as a DVD on the limited edition version of their 2008 release, Vol.2.", "Goo Goo Dolls are a blending of the melodic, harmony-laden romantic Plain White T's and the rock energy and driving electric guitar of Daughtry.\" John Serba from \"M. Live\" gave the show 2\u00bd stars out of 4, and said that he felt like Daughtry sounded generic and that the Goo Goo Dolls \"ring true\". About Daughtry he said that they were \"skirting the edge of aggro-rock at times \u2013 the type of sound that might benefit from a more dynamic light show than what nature provides on a mild summer evening. Although the crowd responded with more enthusiasm to songs such as \"Over You\", \"It's Not Over\" and \"Battleships\", Daughtry's set sometimes lacked punch\". For the Goo Goo Dolls, a highlight is when they performed \"Rebel Beat\". When comparing the two bands, Daughtry is stronger at singing and the Good Goo Dolls are stronger at songwriting. \"Sioux City Journal\"s Bruce R. Miller said, \"While the two acts couldn't have been more dissimilar, they helped show just how far that \"rock\" label can stretch\", \"Daughtry followed a more familiar path, Goo Goo Dolls went an alternate route. \" The showmanship between the two was also different. When Goo Goo Dolls bass player Robby Takac took over on lead vocals on a few songs he didn't receive the same reaction as John Rzeznik did.", "What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art &amp; Commerce What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Commerce (often referred to simply as EOAC) is a compilation album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls. It was released in 2001 by Warner Bros. Records and is a compilation of Goo Goo Dolls songs released from 1987\u20132000. Tracks 1\u20134 are from the album \" Dizzy Up the Girl\". Tracks 5\u20139 are from the album \"A Boy Named Goo\". Tracks 10\u201316 are from the album \"Superstar Car Wash\". Tracks 17\u201320 are from the album \" Hold Me Up\". Track 21 is from the album \"Jed\". Track 22 is from the album \"Goo Goo Dolls\". Multiple songs, such as \"Acoustic #3\" and \"All Eyes On Me\", have an extended musical interlude. \" Two Days In February\" was re-recorded by Rzeznik, a studio version of the original, which was recorded outside. \" Naked\" is an extended version of the original, which was on \"A Boy Named Goo\", and is similar to the version released as a single. All songs are remixed and remastered. The album is not a typical best-of compilation, as most of the band's biggest hits (such as \"Iris\" and \"Name\") are absent. Instead, the selection is a combination of non-singles and songs that were released as singles prior to the Goo Goo Dolls' 1995 breakout, as well as fan favorites and a few of their less successful singles.", "Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer Tour The Daughtry/Goo Goo Dolls Summer was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock bands Daughtry and the Goo Goo Dolls. The tour is in support of their studio albums \"Baptized\" and \"Magnetic\". The tour began on June 12, 2014. It was originally scheduled to end on August 23, 2014, but was expanded to include two more dates and ended on August 30. The tour was first announced on March 10, 2014. About the tour Goo Goo Dolls front man, John Rzeznik says, \"We are excited to finally be teaming up with Daughtry.\" \"Not only are we huge fans of Chris, but we think this is going to be a huge party for the fans of both of our bands. The combination of the two will make for an awesome summer night of great American rock music.\" The Goo Goo Dolls' set lasted for eighty-five minutes, Daughtry played for eighty, while opener Plain White T's started the show by playing for thirty. During the Goo Goo Dolls set bass player Robby Takac sang lead for a few songs. The \"Digital Journal\"s, Markos Papadatos says of the Goo Goo Dolls, \"Overall, the Goo Goo Dolls gave Long Island, New York, a night of acoustic, rock and adult contemporary music to remember. It is no wonder that they have been around for well over two decades and they have always managed to stay relevant despite the changes in the music industry.\" Sophia June of the \"Daily Emerald\" says, \"Upon the first glance, the nights lineup seemed a bit random-like creating an unconventional meal out of the last ingredients in your pantry. I wasn't convinced the three bands had much cohesion until the Goo Goo Dolls third song-\"Slide\".", "A Boy Named Goo A Boy Named Goo is the fifth studio album by American rock band Goo Goo Dolls, released in 1995 on Warner Bros. As a commercial success, it has been RIAA-certified as double-platinum. This is the Goo Goo Dolls' last studio album with George Tutuska on drums; he was replaced by Mike Malinin just before the album was released. This album is the Goo Goo Dolls' first studio album to not have 14 tracks. The song \"Stand Alone\" was written by George Tutuska, and because John Rzeznik didn't want to exploit George's efforts after his dismissal, the song was only included on a promo version of the album. On the wide-release version, it is replaced with \"Disconnected\" and \"Slave Girl\", which were initially B-sides to the \"Only One\" single. On the same promo, \"Ain't That Unusual\" was labeled as \"Someday\". The two replacement songs are covers of songs by defunct Buffalo and Sydney punk bands The Enemies and Lime Spiders. The song \"Name\" is well known as the Goo Goo Dolls' first hit. According to lead singer John Rzeznik, the song's unusual composition came about \"quite accidentally\". This album also marked the band's last with the Metal Blade Records imprint. On June 5, 1996, the band's label, Warner Bros., released a statement claiming that Walmart had decided to stop selling \"A Boy Named Goo\" because some Walmart customers had complained that the album cover was offensive. The statement claimed that some customers had incorrectly thought that the child on the cover was smeared in blood rather than blackberry juice."], "answer": {"text": "top 10 hits in the Adult Top 40.", "answer_start": 595}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Let Love in an Album?", "answer": {"text": "In 2006, the Goo Goo Dolls marked their 20th anniversary with their new album Let Love In,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were there any singles?", "answer": {"text": "\"Give a Little Bit\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "On June 27, 2007, the Goo Goo Dolls performed to a sold out crowd at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Morrison, Colorado.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they tour with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they make a music video?", "answer": {"text": "The Goo Goo Dolls and the NHL Buffalo Sabres came together to create a video for the Sabres 2007 playoff run.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did they partner with anybody?", "answer": {"text": "NHL Buffalo Sabres", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Though not certified by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the album is said to have gone Gold", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did the album win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5166c81a2c242d78ff32569729fb04d_0_q#0", "question": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "rewrite": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Contemporary folk music Contemporary folk music refers to a wide variety of genres that emerged in the mid 20th century and afterwards which were associated with traditional folk music. Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. The most common name for this new form of music is also \"folk music\", but is often called \"contemporary folk music\" or \"folk revival music\" to make the distinction. The transition was somewhat centered in the US and is also called the American folk music revival. Fusion genres such as folk rock and others also evolved within this phenomenon. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, it often shares the same English name, performers and venues as traditional folk music; even individual songs may be a blend of the two. While the Romantic nationalism of the first folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the \"second folk revival\" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. One of the earliest figures in this revival was Woody Guthrie, who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. In the United Kingdom, the folk revival fostered a generation of singer-songwriters such as Donovan, who achieved initial prominence in the 1960s. The folk revival spawned Canada's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Joni Mitchell, and Buffy Sainte-Marie. Major performers who emerged from the 1940s to the early 1960s included Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Joan Baez, and Bob Dylan. The mid-1960s through the early 1970s was associated with large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time.", "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\" of the early 1960s. Many college students and other young people were beginning to discover Monroe, associating his style more with traditional folk music than with the country-and-western genre with which it had previously been identified. The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists such as Flatt and Scruggs, the Stanley Brothers, Reno and Smiley, Jim and Jesse, and the Osborne Brothers. While Flatt and Scruggs immediately recognized the potential for a lucrative new audience in cities and on college campuses in the North, Monroe was slower to respond. Under the influence of Ralph Rinzler, a young musician and folklorist from New Jersey who briefly became Monroe's manager in 1963, Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit. Rinzler was also responsible for a lengthy profile and interview in the influential folk music magazine Sing Out! that first publicly referred to Monroe as the \"father\" of bluegrass. Accordingly, at the first bluegrass festival organized by Carlton Haney at Roanoke, Virginia in 1965, Bill Monroe was the central figure. The growing national popularity of Monroe's music during the 1960s was also apparent in the increasingly diverse background of musicians recruited into his band. Non-southerners who served as Blue Grass Boys during this period included banjo player Bill Keith and singer/guitarist Peter Rowan from Massachusetts, fiddler Gene Lowinger from New York, banjo player Lamar Grier from Maryland, banjo player Steve Arkin from New York, and singer/guitarist Roland White and fiddler Richard Greene from California.", "Bill Monroe Farm The Bill Monroe Farm near Rosine in Ohio County , Kentucky is a historic farm which includes two houses, a coal mine, a sorghum mill, and other structures. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. It is located approximately 2 miles west of the junction of U.S. Route 62 and Kentucky Route 1544. The Bill Monroe Homeplace is a building built in 1920. It was built on the site of a saddlebag log cabin which burned in 1916, which was the birthplace of Bill Monroe and many siblings. The 1920 building incorporated the chimney and hearth of the log cabin. The homeplace was restored in 2001 by the Bill Monroe Foundation with assistance of restoration expert Vie Hood from Tennessee, \"whose restoration credits include the Tennessee State Capitol Building, Davy Crockett's home, and the Hermitage the home of Andrew Jackson.\" The Charlie Monroe House was built in 1945 or 1946 and was regarded as non-contributing in the National Register listing, as were two festival stages and the sorghum mill.", "Bluegrass fiddle Bluegrass fiddling is a distinctive style of American fiddle playing which is characterized by bold, bluesy improvisation, off-beat \"chopping\", and sophisticated use of both double-stops and old-time bowing patterns. In the 1940s Bill Monroe and his Bluegrass Boys revolutionized American string band music by incorporating virtuosic instrumental solos and a \u201chigh lonesome\" vocal style. Bluegrass fiddling was first exposed to national view during the folk revival of the 1960s with the first televised documentary \"Bluegrass Roots: On The Road With Bluegrass Musicians\" shot in the Mountain of North Carolina by Bascom Lunsford while auditioning musicians for the Asheville Mountain Music Festival. It was the festival to feature this type of music. In recent years events have brought renewed interest in bluegrass fiddling: major mainstream performers have recorded bluegrass albums, and the Coen Brothers' released the movie \" O Brother, Where Art Thou?\" in (2000), with an old-time and bluegrass soundtrack, and the \"Down from the Mountain\" music tour. Kenny Baker is perhaps the most famed early bluegrass fiddler; he met Bill Monroe and cut a record with the Bluegrass Boys in 1957. Kenny Baker served more years in Monroe's band than any other musician and was selected by Monroe to record the fiddle tunes passed down from Uncle Pen Vandiver. Baker and Monroe composed many of the now classic bluegrass fiddle tunes, leading the way in the development of the bluegrass fiddling style. After leaving the Bluegrass Boys in 1984, Baker played with a group of friends, Bob Black, Alan Murphy, and Aleta Murphy. In \"Why Old Time is Different from Bluegrass\", Allan Feldman argues against the proposal of an \"inclusive cover name that would bring oldtime music, bluegrass, clawgrass and dawg music under the same umbrella in order to attract new audiences.", "They first performed at Norton, Virginia's WNVA, but did not stay long there, moving on instead to Bristol, Virginia, and WCYB to start the show \"Farm and Fun Time\", where they stayed \"off and on for 12 years\". At first they covered \"a lot of Bill Monroe music\" (one of the first groups to pick up the new \"bluegrass\" format). They soon \"found out that didn't pay off\u2014we needed something of our own. So we started writing songs in 1947, 1948. I guess I wrote 20 or so banjo tunes, but Carter was a better writer than me.\" When Columbia Records signed them as The Stanley Brothers, Bill Monroe left in protest and joined Decca. Later, Carter went back to sing for the \"Father of Bluegrass\", Bill Monroe. Ralph Stanley gave his opinion on Bill Monroe's apparent change of heart: \"He [Bill Monroe] knew Carter would make him a good singer ... Bill Monroe loved our music and loved our singing.\" The Stanley Brothers joined King Records in the late '50s, a record company so eclectic that it included James Brown at the time. In fact, James Brown and his band were in the studio when the Stanley Brothers recorded \"Finger Poppin' Time\". \"James and his band were poppin' their fingers on that\" according to Ralph. At King Records, they \"went to a more 'Stanley style', the sound that people most know today.\" Ralph and Carter performed as The Stanley Brothers with their band, The Clinch Mountain Boys, from 1946 to 1966. Ralph kept the band name when he continued as a solo act after Carter's death, from 1967 until his death in 2016."], "answer": {"text": "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\"", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d5166c81a2c242d78ff32569729fb04d_0_q#1", "question": "What was folk revival?", "rewrite": "What was folk revival?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During the 1950s and early 1960s in the UK, a parallel folk revival referred to as the second British folk revival, was led by folk singers Ewan MacColl and Bert Lloyd. Both viewed British folk music as a vehicle for leftist political concepts and an antidote to the American-dominated popular music of the time. However, it wasn't until 1956 and the advent of the skiffle craze that the British folk revival crossed over into the mainstream and connected with British youth culture. Skiffle renewed popularity of folk music forms in Britain and led directly to the progressive folk movement and the attendant British folk club scene. Among the leading lights of the progressive folk movement were Bert Jansch and John Renbourn, who would later form the folk rock band Pentangle in the late 1960s. Other notable folk rock artists with roots in the progressive folk scene were Donovan, Al Stewart, John Martyn and Paul Simon. Beginning in 1964 and lasting until roughly 1966, a wave of British beat groups, including the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Dave Clark Five, Gerry & the Pacemakers, the Kinks, and Herman's Hermits amongst others, dominated the U.S. music charts. These groups were all heavily influenced by American rock 'n' roll, blues, and R&B\u2014musical genres they had been introduced to via homegrown British rock 'n' roll singers, imported American records, and the music of the skiffle craze. These UK groups, known collectively as the British Invasion, reintroduced American youth culture to the broad potential of rock and pop music as a creative medium and to the wealth of musical culture to be found within the United States. Of particular importance to the development of folk rock by the British Invasion were the subtle folk influences evident in such Beatles' compositions as \"I'll Be Back\", \"Things We Said Today\", and", "In London, the colleagues opened the Ballads and Blues Club, eventually renamed the Singers' Club, possibly the first folk club in the UK; it closed in 1991. As the 1950s progressed into the 1960s, the folk revival movement gathered momentum in both Britain and America. In much of rural Canada, traditional and country-folk music were the predominant styles of music until the 1950s, ahead even of the globally popular jazz and swing. Traditional folk took this predominance into early Canadian television with many country-themed shows on its early airwaves. \"All Around the Circle\" (1964\u20131975) showcased the traditional Irish- and English-derived music of Newfoundland, for example. But by far the most important of these was \"Don Messer's Jubilee\" (1957\u20131973), which helped to bridge the gap between rural country-folk and the folk revival that was emerging from urban coffee shops and folk clubs. The show helped to launch the careers of country-folk singers Stompin' Tom Connors and Catherine McKinnon. The folk revival spawned Canada's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Ian & Sylvia, Neil Young, Joni Mitchell, and Buffy Sainte-Marie. At the same time, Quebec folk singer-songwriters like Gilles Vigneault and groups such as La Bottine Souriante were doing the same in the French-speaking world. English-speaking Canadian folk artists tended to move the United States to pursue larger audiences until the introduction of so-called \"Canadian content\" rules for radio and television in the 1970s.", "Major changes occurred through the evolution of established performers such as Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Judy Collins, and Peter Paul and Mary, and also through the creation of new fusion genres with rock and pop. During this period, the term \"protest music\" was often used to characterize folk music with topical political themes. The Canadian performers Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Bruce Cockburn and Joni Mitchell represented such fusions and enjoyed great popularity in the U.S. Starting in the 1970s folk music was fueled by new singer-songwriters such as Joni Mitchell, Neil Young, and Harry Chapin. Other subgenres of folk include anti folk, folk punk (e.g., the Irish band the Pogues in the 1980s), indie folk, folktronica, freak folk and Americana and fusion genres such as folk metal, progressive folk, psychedelic folk, and neofolk. Definitions of \"contemporary folk music\" are generally vague and variable. Here, it is taken to mean all music that is called folk that is not traditional music, a set of genres that began with and then evolved from the folk revival of the mid-20th century. According to Hugh Blumenfeld, for the American folk scene:  This is the common use of the term \"contemporary folk music\", but is not the only case of evolution of new forms from traditional ones. Contemporary country music descends ultimately from a rural American folk tradition, but has evolved differently. Bluegrass music is a professional development of American old time music, intermixed with blues and gypsy swing jazz. While the Romantic nationalism of the folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the \"second folk revival\" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. This is the genre that remains as \"contemporary folk music\" even when traditional music is considered to be a separate genre.", "Folk music Folk music includes traditional folk music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. The term originated in the 19th century, but folk music extends beyond that. Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is sometimes called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times, but the term folk music has typically not been applied to the new music created during those revivals. This type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, and others. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, in U.S. English it shares the same name, and it often shares the same performers and venues as traditional folk music. The terms \"folk music\", \"folk song\", and \"folk dance\" are comparatively recent expressions. They are extensions of the term \"folklore\", which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe \"the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes\". The term further derives from the German expression \"volk\", in the sense of \"the people as a whole\" as applied to popular and national music by Johann Gottfried Herder and the German Romantics over half a century earlier.", "Contemporary folk music Contemporary folk music refers to a wide variety of genres that emerged in the mid 20th century and afterwards which were associated with traditional folk music. Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. The most common name for this new form of music is also \"folk music\", but is often called \"contemporary folk music\" or \"folk revival music\" to make the distinction. The transition was somewhat centered in the US and is also called the American folk music revival. Fusion genres such as folk rock and others also evolved within this phenomenon. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, it often shares the same English name, performers and venues as traditional folk music; even individual songs may be a blend of the two. While the Romantic nationalism of the first folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the \"second folk revival\" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. One of the earliest figures in this revival was Woody Guthrie, who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. In the United Kingdom, the folk revival fostered a generation of singer-songwriters such as Donovan, who achieved initial prominence in the 1960s. The folk revival spawned Canada's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Joni Mitchell, and Buffy Sainte-Marie. Major performers who emerged from the 1940s to the early 1960s included Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Joan Baez, and Bob Dylan. The mid-1960s through the early 1970s was associated with large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time."], "answer": {"text": "The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5166c81a2c242d78ff32569729fb04d_0_q#2", "question": "Did they gain a bigger fanbase ?", "rewrite": "Did Monroe and similar artists gain a bigger fan base ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mighty Wanderers FC Be Forward Wanderers Football Club is a Malawian football (soccer) club based in Blantyre. They currently play in Malawi's TNM super league. The BE FORWARD Wanderers F.C is one of the more successful teams in the Malawi Premier Division, based in Blantyre. They have won 6 titles in the league, and they are the current defending Champions as of January, 2018. In 2005 and 2006 their leading striker, Aggrey Kanyenda was the top goal scorer in the 2005\u201306 season. They boast to have the second largest support base after their arch rivals and sworn enemies on the field Big Bullets. Even though there are no real stats on the number of fans the two teams have, it is estimated that Big Bullets have a slightly bigger fan base than Wanderers. The most popular striker to have played in this club is Yasin Osman the current head coach. The most serving player is Joseph Kamwendo who has played for the team from early 2000s up today The rivalry between Big Bullets and BE FORWARD wanderers starts to kick off every time both clubs meet in 2006\u201307 both clubs met wanderers went ahead in the first half. Deep second half Bullets scored a goal but it was offside. The Bullets fans went angry started throwing things on to the pitch and the ref in charge abandoned the game, Wanderers had won that match 3\u20130 because of disqualification. The two teams have met domestic in cup finals few times since the early 1990s, most notably the 1999 Malawi Carlsberg Cup final. The match ended 1\u20131 after 90 minutes and went to extra time, Wanderers scored a dramatic golden goal to lift the cup. Few years later Bullets got their revenge when they beat Wanderers 1\u20130 in 2001 final of the same cup, to make matters worse it was Wanderers' old boy Mc Donald Yobe who scored the only goal against his former employers.", "The result is notably different from traditional commercial music charts provided by the UK Top 40, Billboard magazine, Soundscan and others, which are based on radio plays or sales. Last.fm charts are less volatile and a new album's release may be reflected in play data for many months or years after it drops out of commercial charts. For example, The Beatles have consistently been a top 5 band at Last.fm, reflecting the continued popularity of the band's music irrespective of current album sales. Significant events, such as the release of a highly anticipated album or the death of an artist can have a large impact on the charts. The Global Tag Chart shows the 100 most popular tags that have been used to describe artists, albums, and tracks. This is based on the total number of times the tag has been applied by Last.fm users since the tagging system was first introduced and does not necessarily reflect the number of users currently listening to any of the related \"global tag radio\" stations. Last.fm offers customised virtual \"radio stations\" consisting of uninterrupted audio streams of individual tracks selected from the music files in the music library. Stations can be based on the user's personal profile, the user's \"musical neighbours\", or the user's \"friends\". Tags also have radio stations if enough music has the same tag. Radio stations can also be created on the fly, and each artist page allows selection of a \"similar artists\" or \"artist fan\" radio station. As of May 2009, Last.fm introduced Visual Radio, an improved version of last.fm radio. This brought features such as an artist slideshow and combo stations, which allows for listening to stations consisting of common similar artists of up to either 3 artists or 3 tags.", "In the following two seasons, 2006 and 2007, the PEA took place only 10 and 8 at the end of the season. In 2008 Provincial Electricity Authority relocated to Ayutthaya and played at Ayutthaya Province Stadium where they gained a bigger fan base. The club played under the nickname of Faifa Ayutthaya (Electric Ayutthaya) from media and its fans. Under the head coach Prapol Pongpanich, PEA eventually won their first championship in Thai League 1. The club was qualified for 2009 AFC Champions League preliminary round. In 2009, PEA was eliminated from 2009 AFC Champions League after losing 1\u20134 to Singapore Armed Forces in the extra-time at Rajamangala Stadium. PEA ran their defending title campaign of Thai Premier League with the poor performance. Prapon Pongpanich was sacked in the middle of the season and replaced by former Thailand national team head coach Thongsuk Sampahungsith. The club finished in 9th place of out of sixteen in the final standings. In December 2009 it was announced that a politician based in Buriram, Newin Chidchob was to take over the club. He had already tried unsuccessfully to take over TOT SC and Royal Thai Army FC Newin relocated the club to Buriram in Isan and rebranded it to Buriram PEA Football Club. The Buriram PEA inherited most of the players from the former PEA club included the stars like Rangsan Viwatchaichok, Apichet Puttan and Theerathon Bunmathan. Pongphan Wongsuwan who was a long-time head coach of TOT S.C. was instated as coach. Thailand national team member Suchao Nuchnum of TOT S.C. also followed his coach to the new team.", "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\" of the early 1960s. Many college students and other young people were beginning to discover Monroe, associating his style more with traditional folk music than with the country-and-western genre with which it had previously been identified. The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists such as Flatt and Scruggs, the Stanley Brothers, Reno and Smiley, Jim and Jesse, and the Osborne Brothers. While Flatt and Scruggs immediately recognized the potential for a lucrative new audience in cities and on college campuses in the North, Monroe was slower to respond. Under the influence of Ralph Rinzler, a young musician and folklorist from New Jersey who briefly became Monroe's manager in 1963, Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit. Rinzler was also responsible for a lengthy profile and interview in the influential folk music magazine Sing Out! that first publicly referred to Monroe as the \"father\" of bluegrass. Accordingly, at the first bluegrass festival organized by Carlton Haney at Roanoke, Virginia in 1965, Bill Monroe was the central figure. The growing national popularity of Monroe's music during the 1960s was also apparent in the increasingly diverse background of musicians recruited into his band. Non-southerners who served as Blue Grass Boys during this period included banjo player Bill Keith and singer/guitarist Peter Rowan from Massachusetts, fiddler Gene Lowinger from New York, banjo player Lamar Grier from Maryland, banjo player Steve Arkin from New York, and singer/guitarist Roland White and fiddler Richard Greene from California.", "It's Your Thing \"It's Your Thing\" is a funk single by The Isley Brothers. Released in 1969, the anthem was an artistic response to Motown chief Berry Gordy's demanding hold on his artists after the Isleys left the label in late 1968. The lyrics of the chorus, which also serve as first verse, run: \" \"It's your thing/ Do what you wanna do/ I can't tell you/ Who to sock it to\"\". The song is ranked #420 on the \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. After scoring one popular hit with the label with \"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)\", the Isleys felt typecast in the role as a second-tier act while well-established Detroit acts like The Temptations, The Miracles, and the Four Tops got more promotion from the label Motown. The brothers' decision to leave Motown came after a successful UK tour, where they had a bigger fan base than in America. A re-release of \"This Old Heart\" had reached number three on the UK pop singles chart. Similar success came with two more singles from their Motown catalog that were hits well after their Motown departure. Berry Gordy allowed the brothers to leave the label, and the Isleys reactivated their own label, T-Neck Records, which they had originally started a few years prior to their Motown signing. For Buddah Records, the Isleys recorded \"It's Your Thing\" which Ronald wrote upon arriving home after taking his daughter Tawana to school. The lead singer said that he thought of the melody and some of the lyrics in his head. His older brothers O'Kelly and Rudolph helped compose more lyrics. Recorded in two takes and featuring the first appearance of 16-year-old Ernie on bass and Skip Pitts on guitar."], "answer": {"text": "Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit.", "answer_start": 813}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5166c81a2c242d78ff32569729fb04d_0_q#3", "question": "Did he receive any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Bill Monroe receive any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["About this time an opening to play with Bill Monroe became available. Bill Monroe, 13 years older than Scruggs, was prominent in country music at the time. His career started with the \"Monroe Brothers\", a duo with his brother Charlie. Bill sang the high tenor harmony parts, a sound called \"high lonesome\", for which he became noted. The brothers split up in 1938 and Bill, a native of \"the Bluegrass State\" of Kentucky, formed a new group called \"Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys\". They first played on the Opry in 1939 and soon became a popular touring band featuring a vocalist named Lester Flatt. The name \"bluegrass\" stuck and eventually became the eponym for this entire genre of county music and Monroe became known as \"the father of bluegrass.\" When Scruggs was 21, Monroe was looking for a banjo player for his group, because David \"Stringbean\" Akeman was quitting. At the time, banjo players often functioned in the band as comedians, and the instrument was often held as a prop \u2014 their clawhammer playing was almost inaudible. Monroe, along with band member Lester Flatt, auditioned several banjo players who had the same traditional playing style as Akeman. When Scruggs auditioned for them at the Tulane Hotel in Nashville, Flatt said,\" I was thrilled. It was so different! I had never heard that kind of banjo picking. \" Scruggs joined Monroe in late 1945, earning $50 a week. After they accepted Scruggs as one of the Blue Grass Boys, the roster consisted of Bill Monroe (vocals/mandolin), Lester Flatt (guitar/vocals), Earl Scruggs (banjo), Chubby Wise (fiddle), and Howard Watts (stage name Cedric Rainwater) on bass.", "Dhabi Kalan Dhabi Kalan is a Jaat village in the Bhattu Kalan block, Fatehabad District, in Haryana, India. Dhabi Kalan is located 7 km from its Mandal main town Bhattu Kalan and 25 km from the district headquarter Fatehabad. The distance to State capital Chandigarh is 260 km. The village is situated 235  km from the national capital New Delhi. The economy of this village depends mainly on agriculture. Dairy products are an additional source of income. The majority of the population are Hindus (~95%), and ca. 5% are Muslims. Haryanvi, Bagri and Hindi are spoken languages in Dhabi Kalan. Dhabi Kalan has one government school and a few private ones, but most people prefer educational institutions in Bhattu Mandi or Fatehabad as they are easily accessible. The Dhabi Kalan village has population of 4617 of which 2422 are males while 2195 are females as per Population Census 2011. It is a Jaat dominant village. Poonia, Jakhar, Beniwal, Lamba, Sihag are some Jaat gotras in the village. Amit BeniwAl is next sarpanch sarpanch.", "Jim Shumate Jim Shumate (October 21, 1921 \u2013 October 10, 2013) was a fiddler that played with Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys from 1943\u20131945. Shumate's main influences were Fiddlin' Arthur Smith, Curly Fox, and his uncle who played the fiddle while he was growing up. Shumate joined the band after Bill Monroe heard him playing on the radio station WHKY from downtown Hickory, North Carolina, and asked him to join the Blue Grass Boys. Howdy Forrester, who was Bill Monroe's fiddle player at the time, gave his notice and was going into the Navy. At age 20, Shumate became the fiddler for the Blue Grass Boys, and he sang bass on gospel songs. During this time, the Blue Grass Boys were also a baseball team, so they would arrive early to towns they were playing at and challenge the local baseball team. Unfortunately, there were no recordings made while Shumate was in the Blue Grass Boys. During a visit to Nashville, Shumate met Earl Scruggs, who he knew because they were both from Hickory, North Carolina, and encouraged Scruggs to audition for Bill Monroe. During the time that Scruggs auditioned for Monroe, the band members were Jim Shumate, Lester Flatt, Sally Ann Forrester, Jim Andrews. By the next week, Howdy Forrester had returned from the Navy. He came back to play fiddle for the Blue Grass Boys and Jim Shumate left to work in the furniture business in North Carolina. Although Shumate convinced Earl Scruggs to audition for Monroe's band, he did not end up playing when Scruggs joined. In 1948, the band members of the Blue Grass Boys changed again. Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs started their own band, The Foggy Mountain Boys, with Cedric Rainwater and Jim Eanes.", "Bill Monroe Farm The Bill Monroe Farm near Rosine in Ohio County , Kentucky is a historic farm which includes two houses, a coal mine, a sorghum mill, and other structures. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. It is located approximately 2 miles west of the junction of U.S. Route 62 and Kentucky Route 1544. The Bill Monroe Homeplace is a building built in 1920. It was built on the site of a saddlebag log cabin which burned in 1916, which was the birthplace of Bill Monroe and many siblings. The 1920 building incorporated the chimney and hearth of the log cabin. The homeplace was restored in 2001 by the Bill Monroe Foundation with assistance of restoration expert Vie Hood from Tennessee, \"whose restoration credits include the Tennessee State Capitol Building, Davy Crockett's home, and the Hermitage the home of Andrew Jackson.\" The Charlie Monroe House was built in 1945 or 1946 and was regarded as non-contributing in the National Register listing, as were two festival stages and the sorghum mill.", "They first performed at Norton, Virginia's WNVA, but did not stay long there, moving on instead to Bristol, Virginia, and WCYB to start the show \"Farm and Fun Time\", where they stayed \"off and on for 12 years\". At first they covered \"a lot of Bill Monroe music\" (one of the first groups to pick up the new \"bluegrass\" format). They soon \"found out that didn't pay off\u2014we needed something of our own. So we started writing songs in 1947, 1948. I guess I wrote 20 or so banjo tunes, but Carter was a better writer than me.\" When Columbia Records signed them as The Stanley Brothers, Bill Monroe left in protest and joined Decca. Later, Carter went back to sing for the \"Father of Bluegrass\", Bill Monroe. Ralph Stanley gave his opinion on Bill Monroe's apparent change of heart: \"He [Bill Monroe] knew Carter would make him a good singer ... Bill Monroe loved our music and loved our singing.\" The Stanley Brothers joined King Records in the late '50s, a record company so eclectic that it included James Brown at the time. In fact, James Brown and his band were in the studio when the Stanley Brothers recorded \"Finger Poppin' Time\". \"James and his band were poppin' their fingers on that\" according to Ralph. At King Records, they \"went to a more 'Stanley style', the sound that people most know today.\" Ralph and Carter performed as The Stanley Brothers with their band, The Clinch Mountain Boys, from 1946 to 1966. Ralph kept the band name when he continued as a solo act after Carter's death, from 1967 until his death in 2016."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain a bigger fanbase ?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit.", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5166c81a2c242d78ff32569729fb04d_0_q#4", "question": "How long did folk revival last?", "rewrite": "How long did folk revival last?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As in Cornwall there are very strong traditions of folk dance and mumming, the best known being the Hobby horse celebrations at Minehead in Somerset. The maritime heritage of Devon made sea shanties, hornpipes and naval or sea ballads important parts of regional folk music. From the 19th century accordions have been a popular and accepted part of the local folk sound. Folk songs from the West Country include \u2018Widdecombe Fair\u2019, \u2018Spanish Ladies\u2019 and \u2018The Seeds of Love.\u2019 The region was important in the first folk revival, as the Devon-born antiquarian Sabine Baring-Gould invested effort in collecting regional music, published as \"Songs and Ballads of the West\" (1889\u201391), the first collection published for the mass market. He later collaborated with Cecil Sharp who, with Charles Marson, produced a three volume \"Folk-Songs from Somerset\" (1904\u201309). Other collectors included Henry and Robert Hammond in Dorset, the Reverend Geoffrey Hill in Wiltshire, Percy Grainger in Gloucestershire and, perhaps the most famous, Ralph Vaughan Williams' 'Folk Songs from Somerset', which provided themes for his \"English Folk Song Suite\". In the second folk revival the most famous West country musicians were melodeon-player Bob Cann and writer, performer and broadcaster Cyril Tawney, 'The Father of the West Country Folk Revival'. In the 1970s there were figures such as Tony Rose. The same period saw one of the most surprising hybrids in music history Scrumpy and Western with bands like the Wurzels and The Yetties, who took most of the elements of West Country folk music for comical folk-style songs with affectionate parodies of more mainstream musical genres, delivered in local West Country dialects.", "Contemporary folk music Contemporary folk music refers to a wide variety of genres that emerged in the mid 20th century and afterwards which were associated with traditional folk music. Starting in the mid-20th century a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. The most common name for this new form of music is also \"folk music\", but is often called \"contemporary folk music\" or \"folk revival music\" to make the distinction. The transition was somewhat centered in the US and is also called the American folk music revival. Fusion genres such as folk rock and others also evolved within this phenomenon. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, it often shares the same English name, performers and venues as traditional folk music; even individual songs may be a blend of the two. While the Romantic nationalism of the first folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the \"second folk revival\" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. One of the earliest figures in this revival was Woody Guthrie, who sang traditional songs in the 1930s and 1940s as well as composing his own. In the United Kingdom, the folk revival fostered a generation of singer-songwriters such as Donovan, who achieved initial prominence in the 1960s. The folk revival spawned Canada's first folk wave of internationally successful artists such as Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Joni Mitchell, and Buffy Sainte-Marie. Major performers who emerged from the 1940s to the early 1960s included Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, Joan Baez, and Bob Dylan. The mid-1960s through the early 1970s was associated with large musical, political, lifestyle, and counterculture changes. Folk music underwent a related rapid evolution, expansion and diversification at that same time.", "Major changes occurred through the evolution of established performers such as Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Judy Collins, and Peter Paul and Mary, and also through the creation of new fusion genres with rock and pop. During this period, the term \"protest music\" was often used to characterize folk music with topical political themes. The Canadian performers Gordon Lightfoot, Leonard Cohen, Bruce Cockburn and Joni Mitchell represented such fusions and enjoyed great popularity in the U.S. Starting in the 1970s folk music was fueled by new singer-songwriters such as Joni Mitchell, Neil Young, and Harry Chapin. Other subgenres of folk include anti folk, folk punk (e.g., the Irish band the Pogues in the 1980s), indie folk, folktronica, freak folk and Americana and fusion genres such as folk metal, progressive folk, psychedelic folk, and neofolk. Definitions of \"contemporary folk music\" are generally vague and variable. Here, it is taken to mean all music that is called folk that is not traditional music, a set of genres that began with and then evolved from the folk revival of the mid-20th century. According to Hugh Blumenfeld, for the American folk scene:  This is the common use of the term \"contemporary folk music\", but is not the only case of evolution of new forms from traditional ones. Contemporary country music descends ultimately from a rural American folk tradition, but has evolved differently. Bluegrass music is a professional development of American old time music, intermixed with blues and gypsy swing jazz. While the Romantic nationalism of the folk revival had its greatest influence on art-music, the \"second folk revival\" of the later 20th century brought a new genre of popular music with artists marketed through concerts, recordings and broadcasting. This is the genre that remains as \"contemporary folk music\" even when traditional music is considered to be a separate genre.", "During the 1950s and early 1960s in the UK, a parallel folk revival referred to as the second British folk revival, was led by folk singers Ewan MacColl and Bert Lloyd. Both viewed British folk music as a vehicle for leftist political concepts and an antidote to the American-dominated popular music of the time. However, it wasn't until 1956 and the advent of the skiffle craze that the British folk revival crossed over into the mainstream and connected with British youth culture. Skiffle renewed popularity of folk music forms in Britain and led directly to the progressive folk movement and the attendant British folk club scene. Among the leading lights of the progressive folk movement were Bert Jansch and John Renbourn, who would later form the folk rock band Pentangle in the late 1960s. Other notable folk rock artists with roots in the progressive folk scene were Donovan, Al Stewart, John Martyn and Paul Simon. Beginning in 1964 and lasting until roughly 1966, a wave of British beat groups, including the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, the Dave Clark Five, Gerry & the Pacemakers, the Kinks, and Herman's Hermits amongst others, dominated the U.S. music charts. These groups were all heavily influenced by American rock 'n' roll, blues, and R&B\u2014musical genres they had been introduced to via homegrown British rock 'n' roll singers, imported American records, and the music of the skiffle craze. These UK groups, known collectively as the British Invasion, reintroduced American youth culture to the broad potential of rock and pop music as a creative medium and to the wealth of musical culture to be found within the United States. Of particular importance to the development of folk rock by the British Invasion were the subtle folk influences evident in such Beatles' compositions as \"I'll Be Back\", \"Things We Said Today\", and", "Folk music Folk music includes traditional folk music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. The term originated in the 19th century, but folk music extends beyond that. Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is sometimes called contemporary folk music or folk revival music to distinguish it from earlier folk forms. Smaller, similar revivals have occurred elsewhere in the world at other times, but the term folk music has typically not been applied to the new music created during those revivals. This type of folk music also includes fusion genres such as folk rock, folk metal, and others. While contemporary folk music is a genre generally distinct from traditional folk music, in U.S. English it shares the same name, and it often shares the same performers and venues as traditional folk music. The terms \"folk music\", \"folk song\", and \"folk dance\" are comparatively recent expressions. They are extensions of the term \"folklore\", which was coined in 1846 by the English antiquarian William Thoms to describe \"the traditions, customs, and superstitions of the uncultured classes\". The term further derives from the German expression \"volk\", in the sense of \"the people as a whole\" as applied to popular and national music by Johann Gottfried Herder and the German Romantics over half a century earlier."], "answer": {"text": "the early 1960s.", "answer_start": 64}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain a bigger fanbase ?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit.", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5166c81a2c242d78ff32569729fb04d_0_q#5", "question": "Anything else you found interesting?", "rewrite": "Anything else you found interesting other than the onset of bluegrass and the expanded reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\" of the early 1960s. Many college students and other young people were beginning to discover Monroe, associating his style more with traditional folk music than with the country-and-western genre with which it had previously been identified. The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists such as Flatt and Scruggs, the Stanley Brothers, Reno and Smiley, Jim and Jesse, and the Osborne Brothers. While Flatt and Scruggs immediately recognized the potential for a lucrative new audience in cities and on college campuses in the North, Monroe was slower to respond. Under the influence of Ralph Rinzler, a young musician and folklorist from New Jersey who briefly became Monroe's manager in 1963, Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit. Rinzler was also responsible for a lengthy profile and interview in the influential folk music magazine Sing Out! that first publicly referred to Monroe as the \"father\" of bluegrass. Accordingly, at the first bluegrass festival organized by Carlton Haney at Roanoke, Virginia in 1965, Bill Monroe was the central figure. The growing national popularity of Monroe's music during the 1960s was also apparent in the increasingly diverse background of musicians recruited into his band. Non-southerners who served as Blue Grass Boys during this period included banjo player Bill Keith and singer/guitarist Peter Rowan from Massachusetts, fiddler Gene Lowinger from New York, banjo player Lamar Grier from Maryland, banjo player Steve Arkin from New York, and singer/guitarist Roland White and fiddler Richard Greene from California.", "Progressive southern gospel  Progressive southern gospel music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life, as well as (in terms of the varying music styles) to give a Christian alternative to mainstream secular music. Progressive southern gospel is a form of Christian music and a subgenre of gospel music and southern gospel. Like other forms of music the creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of progressive Southern gospel varies according to culture and social context. It is composed and performed for many purposes, ranging from aesthetic pleasure, religious or ceremonial purposes, or as an entertainment product for the marketplace. However, a common theme, as with most Christian music, is praise, worship or gratitude to God and/or Christ. Progressive southern gospel is an American music genre that has grown out of southern gospel over the past couple of decades. The style can trace its roots to groups like The Nelons in the 1980s, who appeared regularly on events with traditional Southern gospel groups despite their sound which was called \"middle of the road\" at the time. Current progressive southern gospel is characterized by its blend of traditional southern gospel instrumentation with elements of modern Country and pop music. Hints of other styles are frequently employed in the mix as well. In some progressive Southern gospel, you can hear a touch of Cajun, Celtic, Bluegrass, or even Southern rock. Where traditional southern gospel more often emphasizes blend and polish, progressive southern gospel tends to be presented with a more emotional tone. Vocalists are known for experimenting, stretching, scooping, slurring, and over accentuating melodies and diction. Lyrically, progressive southern gospel songs are patterned after traditional southern gospel in that they maintain a clear evangelistic and/or testimonial slant. In many cases, lyrical content and/or Country diction are the only elements separating a progressive southern gospel artist from a pop oriented, contemporary Christian music artist.", "Cracker Barrel Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee. The corporate offices are located at a different facility in the same city. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but has expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. , the chain operates 645 stores in 44 states. Cracker Barrel's menu is based on traditional Southern cuisine, with appearance and decor designed to resemble an old-fashioned general store. Each restaurant features a front porch lined with wooden rocking chairs, a stone fireplace, and decorative artifacts from the local area. Cracker Barrel partners with country music performers. It engages in charitable activities, such as its assistance of victims of Hurricane Katrina and injured war veterans. Employees there wear a choice of either white, yellow, blue or pink shirts. During the 1990s, the company was the subject of controversy for its official stance against gay and lesbian employees and for discriminatory practices against African-American customers and female employees. In 2004, a U.S. Department of Justice (USDOJ) investigation found that Cracker Barrel discriminated against minority customers; patrons complained of racially segregated seating and service quality. In an agreement with the USDOJ, Cracker Barrel implemented non-discrimination policies and pledged to focus on improving minority representation and civic involvement, particularly in the black community. Company shareholders added sexual orientation to the company's non-discrimination policy in 2002. Cracker Barrel was founded in 1969 by Dan Evins, a sales representative for Shell Oil, who developed the restaurant and gift store concept initially as a plan to improve gasoline sales.", "Website http://www.penrith.softball.net.au Ground Surveyors Creek Softball Facility, Glenmore Park Southern Districts Softball Association Division Southern Metropolitan Website http://www.southerndistrictsnsw.softball.net.au Ground Jacquie Osmond Softball Centre Sutherland Shire Softball Association Division Southern Metropolitan Website http://www.sutherland.softball.net.au Ground Captain Cook Reserve, Woolooware Country Affiliates Camden Haven/Port Macquarie Softball Association Division Northern Country Ground Finlay Park, Port Macquarie Coffs Harbour Softball Association Division Northern Country Ground Rugby Park, Toormina Far North Coast Softball Association Division Northern Country Website http://www.fnc.softball.net.au Ground Albert Park Inverell Softball Association Division Northern Country Ground McIntrye Park, Inverell Lower Clarence Softball Association Division Northern Country Ground Wherett Park, Maclean Macleay Valley Softball Association Division Northern Country Ground Kemp Street Fields, Kempsey Manning River Softball Association Division Northern Country Mudgee Softball Association Division Southern Country Website http://www.mudgee.softball.net.au Ground Mudgee Orange & District Softball Association Division Southern Country Website http://www.orange.softball.net.au Ground Sir Jack Brabham Park, Orange Singleton Softball Association Division Northern Country Ground Rose Point Park, Singleton Southern Highlands Softball Association Division Southern Country Ground OLSH, Centennial Rd, Bowral Tamworth Softball Association Division Northern Country Website http://www.tamworth.softball.net.au Ground Riverside Park, Carter Street, Tamworth Tweed District Softball Association Division Northern Country Website http://www.tweed.softball.net.au Ground Piggabeen Regional Sports Complex Wagga Wagga Softball Association Division Southern Country Website http://www.waggawagga.softball.net.au Ground French Fields, Walteela Avenue", "They were told to go to sleep, which in French is \"fais-do-do\" . This became the name of these dance parties, and today the term fais-do-do refers to a Cajun dance. Zydeco is the special type of music of French-speaking Louisiana Creoles of South Louisiana. It is much like Cajun music; the song is sung in French and played on an accordion. An added instrument, the rub-board is used for rhythm. Country music is part of the heritage of North Louisiana. In the days before television, when people gathered for entertainment, musicians brought their instruments. Their string bands usually included a guitar, a fiddle, and a mandolin. This traditional southern country music developed into bluegrass music and then into modern country music. This heritage continues with a state fiddling championship held each year at Marthaville in Natchitoches Parish. Many early rock-and-roll musicians started out singing gospel music. Gospel is church music that blends elements of folk music, spirituals, hymns, and popular music. You can hear gospel music in churches throughout Louisiana every Sunday morning. Songs sung in African-American churches preserve the old spirituals and add contemporary music. Rural churches in North Louisiana feature gospel quartets . More formal classical music also contributes to the musical sound of Louisiana. Orchestras have created musical culture since colonial days. Young musicians today continue this tradition as they audition for the Louisiana Youth Orchestra in Baton Rouge. Community brass bands were popular at the turn of the century. Today high school bands perform concerts and provide the marching bands for local parades. Music continues to add a tempo to life everywhere in Louisiana . Another variety of music that is heard commonly between the Gonzales, Baton Rouge and Hammond areas is called Swamp Pop. The songs are easily recognized by the saxophones, guitars and drums. The songs tend to focus on life in Louisiana ."], "answer": {"text": "referred to Monroe as the \"father\" of bluegrass.", "answer_start": 1049}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain a bigger fanbase ?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit.", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did folk revival last?", "answer": {"text": "the early 1960s.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5166c81a2c242d78ff32569729fb04d_0_q#6", "question": "Why was he called that?", "rewrite": "Why was Monroe called the \"father\" of bluegrass?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bluegrass music Bluegrass music is a genre of American roots music that developed in the 1940s in the United States Appalachian region. The genre derives its name from the band Bill Monroe and the Blue Grass Boys. Bluegrass has roots in traditional English, Scottish and Irish ballads and dance tunes, and by traditional African-American blues and jazz. Bluegrass was further developed by musicians who played with Monroe, including 5-string banjo player Earl Scruggs and guitarist Lester Flatt. Monroe characterized the genre as: \"Scottish bagpipes and ole-time fiddlin'. It's Methodist and Holiness and Baptist. It's blues and jazz, and it has a high lonesome sound. \" Bluegrass features acoustic string instruments and emphasizes the off-beat. Notes are anticipated, in contrast to laid back blues where notes are behind the beat, which creates the higher energy characteristic of bluegrass. In bluegrass, as in some forms of jazz, one or more instruments each takes its turn playing the melody and improvising around it, while the others perform accompaniment; this is especially typified in tunes called breakdowns. This is in contrast to old-time music, in which all instruments play the melody together or one instrument carries the lead throughout while the others provide accompaniment. Breakdowns are often characterized by rapid tempos and unusual instrumental dexterity and sometimes by complex chord changes. There are three major subgenres of bluegrass. Traditional bluegrass has musicians playing folk songs, tunes with traditional chord progressions, and using only acoustic instruments, with an example being Bill Monroe. Progressive bluegrass groups may use electric instruments and import songs from other genres, particularly rock & roll. Examples include Punch Brothers, Cadillac Sky and Bearfoot. Another subgenre, bluegrass gospel, uses Christian lyrics, soulful three- or four-part harmony singing, and sometimes the playing of instrumentals.", "Bluegrass fiddle Bluegrass fiddling is a distinctive style of American fiddle playing which is characterized by bold, bluesy improvisation, off-beat \"chopping\", and sophisticated use of both double-stops and old-time bowing patterns. In the 1940s Bill Monroe and his Bluegrass Boys revolutionized American string band music by incorporating virtuosic instrumental solos and a \u201chigh lonesome\" vocal style. Bluegrass fiddling was first exposed to national view during the folk revival of the 1960s with the first televised documentary \"Bluegrass Roots: On The Road With Bluegrass Musicians\" shot in the Mountain of North Carolina by Bascom Lunsford while auditioning musicians for the Asheville Mountain Music Festival. It was the festival to feature this type of music. In recent years events have brought renewed interest in bluegrass fiddling: major mainstream performers have recorded bluegrass albums, and the Coen Brothers' released the movie \" O Brother, Where Art Thou?\" in (2000), with an old-time and bluegrass soundtrack, and the \"Down from the Mountain\" music tour. Kenny Baker is perhaps the most famed early bluegrass fiddler; he met Bill Monroe and cut a record with the Bluegrass Boys in 1957. Kenny Baker served more years in Monroe's band than any other musician and was selected by Monroe to record the fiddle tunes passed down from Uncle Pen Vandiver. Baker and Monroe composed many of the now classic bluegrass fiddle tunes, leading the way in the development of the bluegrass fiddling style. After leaving the Bluegrass Boys in 1984, Baker played with a group of friends, Bob Black, Alan Murphy, and Aleta Murphy. In \"Why Old Time is Different from Bluegrass\", Allan Feldman argues against the proposal of an \"inclusive cover name that would bring oldtime music, bluegrass, clawgrass and dawg music under the same umbrella in order to attract new audiences.", "Traditional bluegrass Traditional bluegrass, as the name implies, emphasizes the traditional elements of bluegrass music, and stands in contrast to progressive bluegrass. Traditional bluegrass musicians play folk songs, tunes with simple traditional chord progressions, and on acoustic instruments of a type that were played by bluegrass pioneer Bill Monroe and his Blue Grass Boys band in the late 1940s. Traditional bands may use their instruments in slightly different ways, for example by using multiple guitars or fiddles in a band. In some traditional bluegrass bands, the guitar rarely takes the lead, instead acting as a rhythm instrument, one notable exception being gospel-based songs. Melodies and lyrics tend to be simple, often in the key of G, and a I-IV-V chord pattern is common. Although traditional bluegrass performers do not use electrically amplified instruments, as used in other forms of popular music, it is common practice to \"mike\" acoustic instruments during stage performances before larger audiences. Bill Monroe's mandolin playing style and Kenny Baker's fiddling set the standard for traditional bluegrass musicians on those instruments. Earl Scruggs is recognized as the developer of bluegrass three finger style banjo playing. There are ideological divisions even among traditional bluegrass bands. These divisions center on the longstanding debate about what constitutes \"Bluegrass Music\". A few traditional bluegrass musicians do not consider progressive bluegrass to truly be \"bluegrass\", some going so far as to suggest bluegrass must be styled directly after Bill Monroe's bands. However, stylistic divergences in traditional bluegrass generally center on which first generation bands from which contemporary musicians have drawn inspiration. Examples include bands who sing in the Stanley Brothers tradition: Roy Lee Centers, Larry Sparks, Sammy Adkins, The Fields Bros, The Wilson Brothers, The Gillis Brothers and various local bands across the country. Other bands followed Lester Flatt, such as Willis Spears, Curley Seckler and Karl Shifflett.", "Hamilton and his wife thought this was retaliation on the part of Monroe for the recall, and confronted by Hamilton via letter. In a subsequent meeting between the two of them, where Hamilton had suggested each bring a \"second,\" Hamilton accused Monroe of lying, and challenged him to a duel. While such challenges were usually hot air, in this case Monroe replied \"I am ready, get your pistols.\" Their seconds interceded, and an arrangement was made to give Hamilton documentation on what had occurred with the investigation. Hamilton was not satisfied with the subsequent explanations, and at the end of an exchange of letters the two were threatening duels, again. Monroe chose Aaron Burr as his second. Burr worked as a negotiator between the two parties, believing they were both being \"childish,\" and eventually helped settle matters. On a party-line vote, the Virginia legislature elected Monroe as Governor of Virginia in 1799. He would serve as governor until 1802. The constitution of Virginia endowed the governor with very few powers aside from commanding the militia when the Assembly called it into action. But Monroe used his stature to convince legislators to enhance state involvement in transportation and education and to increase training for the militia. Monroe also began to give State of the Commonwealth addresses to the legislature, in which he highlighted areas in which he believed the legislature should act. Monroe also led an effort to create the state's first penitentiary, and imprisonment replaced other, often harsher, punishments. In 1800, Monroe called out the state militia to suppress Gabriel's Rebellion, a slave rebellion originating on a plantation six miles from the capital of Richmond. Gabriel and 27 other enslaved people who participated were all hanged for treason. Monroe thought that foreign and Federalist elements had created the Quasi War of 1798\u20131800, and he strongly supported Thomas Jefferson's candidacy for president in 1800.", "Craig Monroe Craig Keystone Monroe (nicknamed \"C. Mo\") (born February 27, 1977) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder. He played for the Texas Rangers, Detroit Tigers, Chicago Cubs, Minnesota Twins and Pittsburgh Pirates and is currently a studio analyst and field reporter for Detroit Tigers TV broadcasts on Fox Sports Detroit. On July 29, 2001, at Arlington, Texas, Monroe hit a home run in his first major league game for the Texas Rangers, contributing to a 2-0 victory over the visiting Tampa Bay Devil Rays. Monroe then joined the Detroit Tigers organization on February 1, 2002, when he was selected off waivers from the Rangers. Playing his first full season in 2003, Monroe hit 23 home runs. On July 19, 2006, Monroe hit a grand slam home run off Javier V\u00e1zquez of the Chicago White Sox which was decisive in the Tigers 5\u20132 win. At the time, the teams were locked in a struggle for the American League Central division lead. Monroe called it \"by far the biggest one I've ever hit.\" Monroe led Detroit with 28 home runs that season, as the Tigers turned around more than a decade of losing with 95 wins, and he was second on the team with 92 RBIs. He also hit five home runs in the 2006 postseason, which culminated in a World Series appearance. On August 17, 2007, the Tigers designated Monroe for assignment. On August 23, he was traded to the Chicago Cubs for a player to be named later. Monroe played with the Cubs for the remainder of the 2007 season. The Tigers received Clay Rapada to complete the trade. On November 13, Monroe was traded to the Minnesota Twins for a player to be named later. On August 1, 2008, Monroe was designated for assignment by the Twins and released on August 8. Monroe signed a minor league deal with the Pittsburgh Pirates on January 13, 2009."], "answer": {"text": "The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Bill Monroe during the folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe's fortunes began to improve during the \"folk revival\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was folk revival?", "answer": {"text": "The word \"bluegrass\" first appeared around this time to describe the sound of Monroe and similar artists", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain a bigger fanbase ?", "answer": {"text": "Monroe gradually expanded his geographic reach beyond the traditional southern country music circuit.", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did folk revival last?", "answer": {"text": "the early 1960s.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else you found interesting?", "answer": {"text": "referred to Monroe as the \"father\" of bluegrass.", "answer_start": 1049, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36962b15a1e346e8987a0067597be648_0_q#0", "question": "Did Greg Gutfeld offend Canadians?", "rewrite": "Did Greg Gutfeld offend Canadians?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Red Eye (talk show) Red Eye, also known as Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld from 2007 to 2015 and Red Eye w/ Tom Shillue from 2015 to 2017, was an American late-night/early-morning satirical talk show on Fox News, which aired at 3:00 a.m. ET Tuesday through Saturday, 11:00 p.m. Saturday, and 2:00 a.m. Sunday. The show features panelists and guests discussing the latest news in politics, pop culture, entertainment, business, sports, and religion. The show was created and originally hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian. Gutfeld hosted the show from February 2007 to March 2015, and was replaced by comedian Tom Shillue on June 22, 2015. On April 3, 2017, Fox News announced that \"Red Eye\" had been cancelled. The show's final episode aired on April 7. Andrew Levy discovered Gutfeld's writings on the \"Huffington Post\" and began leaving comments on Gutfeld's posts. As Levy's comments grew to include responses to other commenters, Levy \"half-thought\" the more outrageous comments were by Gutfeld himself. After discovering a post on Levy's blog on this theory, Gutfeld e-mailed Levy he did not write them, which began a correspondence between them. Gutfeld would eventually notify Levy about upcoming posts or ask him to look at his writing. Levy was also asked to join Gutfeld's new blog \"The Daily Gut. \" Later Levy was asked by Gutfeld to join him in a new Fox News program. Bill Schulz was an assistant editor at \"Stuff Magazine\" when Gutfeld was hired as Editor in Chief. \" Toronto Sun\" columnist Rachel Marsden was added later.", "The Greg Gutfeld Show The Greg Gutfeld Show is an American weekly comedy and politics show on the Fox News Channel, airing on Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. ET, hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian, a Fox News personality and co-host of the weekday round table show \"The Five\". The show is modeled after traditional late night talk shows, with Gutfeld (sitting behind the desk) interviewing his guests, who are typically comedians, political commentators and Fox News personalities, along with show regulars Katherine \"Kat\" Timpf (a conservative/libertarian writer and blogger) and Tyrus (a former bodyguard to celebrities and professional wrestler). When asked how he was discovered for the show, Tyrus said 'I was just messing around on Twitter one day and I said to Greg about one of the jokes on his show, \u201cI got it. It took me a minute but I got it.\u201d He said, \u201cYou know I\u2019ve watched you. You\u2019re a pretty funny guy. Have you ever thought about coming on and doing the show? \u201d I was like, \u201cAre you serious?!\u201d He was like, \u201cYeah, I\u2019ll give you a shot.\u201d' The show commonly begins with Gutfeld performing a monologue, usually satirical or simply poking fun at current events. He then introduces the guests. They discuss the week's topics in a lighthearted way, focusing more on humor rather than rigorous political debate. Devin D. O\u2019Leary, writing for the media blog Alibi, offered a scathing review of the show, saying \"there\u2019s one thing not even the most died-in-the-wool, Focus on the Family, Tea Party-backing conservative can lie to himself about: Conservatives are just not funny. They\u2019re not wired for it. Their world is black and white.\"", "The short message under Bill Schulz's image was \"AVOID HIM\", \"AVENGE HIM\" (both flashed several times each during May 2011), or \"RELISH HIM\" (flashed July 8, 11). The message under Andy Levy's image has been either \"SAVE HIM\" (flashed late-May 2011) or \"OBEY HIM\" (flashed October 6, 2011). Andy Levy often mocked Gutfeld by saying, \"I apologize for nothing. \" Gutfeld has responded to Levy's mocking statement with, \"I apologize for \"everything\".\" In a September 28, 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" article, President Barack Obama stated that Greg Gutfeld's network, Fox News Channel, has a \"point of view that I think is ultimately destructive for the long-term growth of a country that has a vibrant middle-class.\" Red Eye host Greg Gutfeld responded to Obama's political comments with his following September 29, 2010 Greg-alogue: Then Gutfeld advanced the theory that President Obama uses Fox News as a proxy for those Americans who do disagree with his policies:  In a five-minute segment broadcast on Tuesday, March 17, 2009, Gutfeld and his panel discussed Canadian Lieutenant General Andrew Leslie's statement that the Canadian Armed Forces may require a one-year \"synchronized break\" once Canada's mission in Afghanistan ends in 2011. \"Meaning, the Canadian military wants to take a breather to do some yoga, paint landscapes, run on the beach in gorgeous white Capri pants,\" Gutfeld said. \"I didn't even know they were in the war\", comedian panelist Doug Benson added, then continued, \"I thought that's where you go if you \"don't\" want to fight. Go chill in Canada.\"", "The March 12, 2011 episode marked the debut of \"Porch\", Pinch's intern. He was a miniature version of Pinch taken from a Bill Schulz bobblehead figure. Both Porch and Pinch have since been discontinued. Another recurring element of the show is the \"leg chair,\" the seat on the rightmost side of the table. Repeatedly referred to by this name by Gutfeld, Levy and others, this chair is reserved almost exclusively for female guests of the show, providing an unobscured view of their legs in wide shots of the set. Female guests seem willing to play along; however, some have expressed varied feelings toward the leg chair. For example, during the April 15, 2010 episode, Gutfeld and Imogen Lloyd Webber had the following exchange:  When Bill Schulz became exceptionally upset about a topic, he would often put on a pair of Buddy Holly\u2013style large, black glasses known as the \"outrage glasses\". He would then speak in a farcical, hyper-angry voice. In a March 2011 Twitter post, Schulz claimed to have discovered the glasses behind a set of his father's vintage toy trucks in his house. Starting in May 2011, a split-second image with a short message has been infrequently flashed over close-up shots of Greg Gutfeld, Bill Schulz, Andy Levy, or sometimes over one of the guests during panel discussion. These semi-subliminal messages always involve either Gutfeld, Schulz or Levy wearing a silver-metallic mask with short messages printed underneath in large capital letters. The short message under Greg Gutfeld's image has been \"REDEEM HIM\", \"PUNISH HIM\" (flashed March 6, 2011), \"FEED IT\" (flashed June 22, 2011), or \"RETURN HIM\" (flashed August 25, 2011).", "After college he had an internship at The American Spectator, as an assistant to conservative writer R. Emmett Tyrrell. He then worked as a staff writer at Prevention magazine and in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, as an editor at various Rodale Press magazines. In 1995 he became a staff writer at Men's Health. He was promoted to editor in chief of Men's Health in 1999. A year later, he was replaced by David Zinczenko. Gutfeld then became editor in chief of Stuff, increasing circulation from 750,000 to 1.2 million during his tenure. In 2003 he hired several dwarfs to attend a conference of the \"Magazine Publishers of America\" on the topic of \"buzz\", with instructions to be as loud and annoying as possible. The stunt generated publicity but led to Gutfeld's being fired soon afterward; he was then made head of \"brain development\" at Dennis Publishing. He edited Maxim magazine in the UK from 2004 to 2006. Gutfeld's contract expired without renewal after losses in readership under his tenure. Gutfeld was one of the first posting contributors to The Huffington Post from its launch in 2005 until October 2008; frequent targets of his sarcasm included his colleagues Deepak Chopra, Cenk Uygur, Arianna Huffington, and Huffington Post bloggers. Many of his Huffington Post commentaries/blogs are available on its website. Gutfeld has his own blog site, The Daily Gut. Beginning on February 5, 2007, Gutfeld hosted the hour-long Fox News Channel late-night program, Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld. From 2007 to 2013, Bill Schulz served as Gutfeld's \"sidekick\" and Andy Levy as the show's ombudsman. Schulz was Gutfeld's colleague at Stuff magazine and Levy was a fellow blogger at The Huffington Post."], "answer": {"text": "drew wide attention and outrage in Canada after being posted on YouTube following the reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 721}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_36962b15a1e346e8987a0067597be648_0_q#1", "question": "Why were they upset by this?", "rewrite": "Why were Canadians upset by Greg Gutfeld being posted on Youtube?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Red Eye (talk show) Red Eye, also known as Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld from 2007 to 2015 and Red Eye w/ Tom Shillue from 2015 to 2017, was an American late-night/early-morning satirical talk show on Fox News, which aired at 3:00 a.m. ET Tuesday through Saturday, 11:00 p.m. Saturday, and 2:00 a.m. Sunday. The show features panelists and guests discussing the latest news in politics, pop culture, entertainment, business, sports, and religion. The show was created and originally hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian. Gutfeld hosted the show from February 2007 to March 2015, and was replaced by comedian Tom Shillue on June 22, 2015. On April 3, 2017, Fox News announced that \"Red Eye\" had been cancelled. The show's final episode aired on April 7. Andrew Levy discovered Gutfeld's writings on the \"Huffington Post\" and began leaving comments on Gutfeld's posts. As Levy's comments grew to include responses to other commenters, Levy \"half-thought\" the more outrageous comments were by Gutfeld himself. After discovering a post on Levy's blog on this theory, Gutfeld e-mailed Levy he did not write them, which began a correspondence between them. Gutfeld would eventually notify Levy about upcoming posts or ask him to look at his writing. Levy was also asked to join Gutfeld's new blog \"The Daily Gut. \" Later Levy was asked by Gutfeld to join him in a new Fox News program. Bill Schulz was an assistant editor at \"Stuff Magazine\" when Gutfeld was hired as Editor in Chief. \" Toronto Sun\" columnist Rachel Marsden was added later.", "The March 12, 2011 episode marked the debut of \"Porch\", Pinch's intern. He was a miniature version of Pinch taken from a Bill Schulz bobblehead figure. Both Porch and Pinch have since been discontinued. Another recurring element of the show is the \"leg chair,\" the seat on the rightmost side of the table. Repeatedly referred to by this name by Gutfeld, Levy and others, this chair is reserved almost exclusively for female guests of the show, providing an unobscured view of their legs in wide shots of the set. Female guests seem willing to play along; however, some have expressed varied feelings toward the leg chair. For example, during the April 15, 2010 episode, Gutfeld and Imogen Lloyd Webber had the following exchange:  When Bill Schulz became exceptionally upset about a topic, he would often put on a pair of Buddy Holly\u2013style large, black glasses known as the \"outrage glasses\". He would then speak in a farcical, hyper-angry voice. In a March 2011 Twitter post, Schulz claimed to have discovered the glasses behind a set of his father's vintage toy trucks in his house. Starting in May 2011, a split-second image with a short message has been infrequently flashed over close-up shots of Greg Gutfeld, Bill Schulz, Andy Levy, or sometimes over one of the guests during panel discussion. These semi-subliminal messages always involve either Gutfeld, Schulz or Levy wearing a silver-metallic mask with short messages printed underneath in large capital letters. The short message under Greg Gutfeld's image has been \"REDEEM HIM\", \"PUNISH HIM\" (flashed March 6, 2011), \"FEED IT\" (flashed June 22, 2011), or \"RETURN HIM\" (flashed August 25, 2011).", "The Greg Gutfeld Show The Greg Gutfeld Show is an American weekly comedy and politics show on the Fox News Channel, airing on Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. ET, hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian, a Fox News personality and co-host of the weekday round table show \"The Five\". The show is modeled after traditional late night talk shows, with Gutfeld (sitting behind the desk) interviewing his guests, who are typically comedians, political commentators and Fox News personalities, along with show regulars Katherine \"Kat\" Timpf (a conservative/libertarian writer and blogger) and Tyrus (a former bodyguard to celebrities and professional wrestler). When asked how he was discovered for the show, Tyrus said 'I was just messing around on Twitter one day and I said to Greg about one of the jokes on his show, \u201cI got it. It took me a minute but I got it.\u201d He said, \u201cYou know I\u2019ve watched you. You\u2019re a pretty funny guy. Have you ever thought about coming on and doing the show? \u201d I was like, \u201cAre you serious?!\u201d He was like, \u201cYeah, I\u2019ll give you a shot.\u201d' The show commonly begins with Gutfeld performing a monologue, usually satirical or simply poking fun at current events. He then introduces the guests. They discuss the week's topics in a lighthearted way, focusing more on humor rather than rigorous political debate. Devin D. O\u2019Leary, writing for the media blog Alibi, offered a scathing review of the show, saying \"there\u2019s one thing not even the most died-in-the-wool, Focus on the Family, Tea Party-backing conservative can lie to himself about: Conservatives are just not funny. They\u2019re not wired for it. Their world is black and white.\"", "The short message under Bill Schulz's image was \"AVOID HIM\", \"AVENGE HIM\" (both flashed several times each during May 2011), or \"RELISH HIM\" (flashed July 8, 11). The message under Andy Levy's image has been either \"SAVE HIM\" (flashed late-May 2011) or \"OBEY HIM\" (flashed October 6, 2011). Andy Levy often mocked Gutfeld by saying, \"I apologize for nothing. \" Gutfeld has responded to Levy's mocking statement with, \"I apologize for \"everything\".\" In a September 28, 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" article, President Barack Obama stated that Greg Gutfeld's network, Fox News Channel, has a \"point of view that I think is ultimately destructive for the long-term growth of a country that has a vibrant middle-class.\" Red Eye host Greg Gutfeld responded to Obama's political comments with his following September 29, 2010 Greg-alogue: Then Gutfeld advanced the theory that President Obama uses Fox News as a proxy for those Americans who do disagree with his policies:  In a five-minute segment broadcast on Tuesday, March 17, 2009, Gutfeld and his panel discussed Canadian Lieutenant General Andrew Leslie's statement that the Canadian Armed Forces may require a one-year \"synchronized break\" once Canada's mission in Afghanistan ends in 2011. \"Meaning, the Canadian military wants to take a breather to do some yoga, paint landscapes, run on the beach in gorgeous white Capri pants,\" Gutfeld said. \"I didn't even know they were in the war\", comedian panelist Doug Benson added, then continued, \"I thought that's where you go if you \"don't\" want to fight. Go chill in Canada.\"", "After college he had an internship at The American Spectator, as an assistant to conservative writer R. Emmett Tyrrell. He then worked as a staff writer at Prevention magazine and in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, as an editor at various Rodale Press magazines. In 1995 he became a staff writer at Men's Health. He was promoted to editor in chief of Men's Health in 1999. A year later, he was replaced by David Zinczenko. Gutfeld then became editor in chief of Stuff, increasing circulation from 750,000 to 1.2 million during his tenure. In 2003 he hired several dwarfs to attend a conference of the \"Magazine Publishers of America\" on the topic of \"buzz\", with instructions to be as loud and annoying as possible. The stunt generated publicity but led to Gutfeld's being fired soon afterward; he was then made head of \"brain development\" at Dennis Publishing. He edited Maxim magazine in the UK from 2004 to 2006. Gutfeld's contract expired without renewal after losses in readership under his tenure. Gutfeld was one of the first posting contributors to The Huffington Post from its launch in 2005 until October 2008; frequent targets of his sarcasm included his colleagues Deepak Chopra, Cenk Uygur, Arianna Huffington, and Huffington Post bloggers. Many of his Huffington Post commentaries/blogs are available on its website. Gutfeld has his own blog site, The Daily Gut. Beginning on February 5, 2007, Gutfeld hosted the hour-long Fox News Channel late-night program, Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld. From 2007 to 2013, Bill Schulz served as Gutfeld's \"sidekick\" and Andy Levy as the show's ombudsman. Schulz was Gutfeld's colleague at Stuff magazine and Levy was a fellow blogger at The Huffington Post."], "answer": {"text": "reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 807}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Greg Gutfeld offend Canadians?", "answer": {"text": "drew wide attention and outrage in Canada after being posted on YouTube following the reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 721, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36962b15a1e346e8987a0067597be648_0_q#2", "question": "How did the Canadians feel about his apology?", "rewrite": "How did the Canadians feel about Greg Gutfeld's apology?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Greg Gutfeld Show The Greg Gutfeld Show is an American weekly comedy and politics show on the Fox News Channel, airing on Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. ET, hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian, a Fox News personality and co-host of the weekday round table show \"The Five\". The show is modeled after traditional late night talk shows, with Gutfeld (sitting behind the desk) interviewing his guests, who are typically comedians, political commentators and Fox News personalities, along with show regulars Katherine \"Kat\" Timpf (a conservative/libertarian writer and blogger) and Tyrus (a former bodyguard to celebrities and professional wrestler). When asked how he was discovered for the show, Tyrus said 'I was just messing around on Twitter one day and I said to Greg about one of the jokes on his show, \u201cI got it. It took me a minute but I got it.\u201d He said, \u201cYou know I\u2019ve watched you. You\u2019re a pretty funny guy. Have you ever thought about coming on and doing the show? \u201d I was like, \u201cAre you serious?!\u201d He was like, \u201cYeah, I\u2019ll give you a shot.\u201d' The show commonly begins with Gutfeld performing a monologue, usually satirical or simply poking fun at current events. He then introduces the guests. They discuss the week's topics in a lighthearted way, focusing more on humor rather than rigorous political debate. Devin D. O\u2019Leary, writing for the media blog Alibi, offered a scathing review of the show, saying \"there\u2019s one thing not even the most died-in-the-wool, Focus on the Family, Tea Party-backing conservative can lie to himself about: Conservatives are just not funny. They\u2019re not wired for it. Their world is black and white.\"", "The March 12, 2011 episode marked the debut of \"Porch\", Pinch's intern. He was a miniature version of Pinch taken from a Bill Schulz bobblehead figure. Both Porch and Pinch have since been discontinued. Another recurring element of the show is the \"leg chair,\" the seat on the rightmost side of the table. Repeatedly referred to by this name by Gutfeld, Levy and others, this chair is reserved almost exclusively for female guests of the show, providing an unobscured view of their legs in wide shots of the set. Female guests seem willing to play along; however, some have expressed varied feelings toward the leg chair. For example, during the April 15, 2010 episode, Gutfeld and Imogen Lloyd Webber had the following exchange:  When Bill Schulz became exceptionally upset about a topic, he would often put on a pair of Buddy Holly\u2013style large, black glasses known as the \"outrage glasses\". He would then speak in a farcical, hyper-angry voice. In a March 2011 Twitter post, Schulz claimed to have discovered the glasses behind a set of his father's vintage toy trucks in his house. Starting in May 2011, a split-second image with a short message has been infrequently flashed over close-up shots of Greg Gutfeld, Bill Schulz, Andy Levy, or sometimes over one of the guests during panel discussion. These semi-subliminal messages always involve either Gutfeld, Schulz or Levy wearing a silver-metallic mask with short messages printed underneath in large capital letters. The short message under Greg Gutfeld's image has been \"REDEEM HIM\", \"PUNISH HIM\" (flashed March 6, 2011), \"FEED IT\" (flashed June 22, 2011), or \"RETURN HIM\" (flashed August 25, 2011).", "After college he had an internship at The American Spectator, as an assistant to conservative writer R. Emmett Tyrrell. He then worked as a staff writer at Prevention magazine and in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, as an editor at various Rodale Press magazines. In 1995 he became a staff writer at Men's Health. He was promoted to editor in chief of Men's Health in 1999. A year later, he was replaced by David Zinczenko. Gutfeld then became editor in chief of Stuff, increasing circulation from 750,000 to 1.2 million during his tenure. In 2003 he hired several dwarfs to attend a conference of the \"Magazine Publishers of America\" on the topic of \"buzz\", with instructions to be as loud and annoying as possible. The stunt generated publicity but led to Gutfeld's being fired soon afterward; he was then made head of \"brain development\" at Dennis Publishing. He edited Maxim magazine in the UK from 2004 to 2006. Gutfeld's contract expired without renewal after losses in readership under his tenure. Gutfeld was one of the first posting contributors to The Huffington Post from its launch in 2005 until October 2008; frequent targets of his sarcasm included his colleagues Deepak Chopra, Cenk Uygur, Arianna Huffington, and Huffington Post bloggers. Many of his Huffington Post commentaries/blogs are available on its website. Gutfeld has his own blog site, The Daily Gut. Beginning on February 5, 2007, Gutfeld hosted the hour-long Fox News Channel late-night program, Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld. From 2007 to 2013, Bill Schulz served as Gutfeld's \"sidekick\" and Andy Levy as the show's ombudsman. Schulz was Gutfeld's colleague at Stuff magazine and Levy was a fellow blogger at The Huffington Post.", "The short message under Bill Schulz's image was \"AVOID HIM\", \"AVENGE HIM\" (both flashed several times each during May 2011), or \"RELISH HIM\" (flashed July 8, 11). The message under Andy Levy's image has been either \"SAVE HIM\" (flashed late-May 2011) or \"OBEY HIM\" (flashed October 6, 2011). Andy Levy often mocked Gutfeld by saying, \"I apologize for nothing. \" Gutfeld has responded to Levy's mocking statement with, \"I apologize for \"everything\".\" In a September 28, 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" article, President Barack Obama stated that Greg Gutfeld's network, Fox News Channel, has a \"point of view that I think is ultimately destructive for the long-term growth of a country that has a vibrant middle-class.\" Red Eye host Greg Gutfeld responded to Obama's political comments with his following September 29, 2010 Greg-alogue: Then Gutfeld advanced the theory that President Obama uses Fox News as a proxy for those Americans who do disagree with his policies:  In a five-minute segment broadcast on Tuesday, March 17, 2009, Gutfeld and his panel discussed Canadian Lieutenant General Andrew Leslie's statement that the Canadian Armed Forces may require a one-year \"synchronized break\" once Canada's mission in Afghanistan ends in 2011. \"Meaning, the Canadian military wants to take a breather to do some yoga, paint landscapes, run on the beach in gorgeous white Capri pants,\" Gutfeld said. \"I didn't even know they were in the war\", comedian panelist Doug Benson added, then continued, \"I thought that's where you go if you \"don't\" want to fight. Go chill in Canada.\"", "Red Eye (talk show) Red Eye, also known as Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld from 2007 to 2015 and Red Eye w/ Tom Shillue from 2015 to 2017, was an American late-night/early-morning satirical talk show on Fox News, which aired at 3:00 a.m. ET Tuesday through Saturday, 11:00 p.m. Saturday, and 2:00 a.m. Sunday. The show features panelists and guests discussing the latest news in politics, pop culture, entertainment, business, sports, and religion. The show was created and originally hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian. Gutfeld hosted the show from February 2007 to March 2015, and was replaced by comedian Tom Shillue on June 22, 2015. On April 3, 2017, Fox News announced that \"Red Eye\" had been cancelled. The show's final episode aired on April 7. Andrew Levy discovered Gutfeld's writings on the \"Huffington Post\" and began leaving comments on Gutfeld's posts. As Levy's comments grew to include responses to other commenters, Levy \"half-thought\" the more outrageous comments were by Gutfeld himself. After discovering a post on Levy's blog on this theory, Gutfeld e-mailed Levy he did not write them, which began a correspondence between them. Gutfeld would eventually notify Levy about upcoming posts or ask him to look at his writing. Levy was also asked to join Gutfeld's new blog \"The Daily Gut. \" Later Levy was asked by Gutfeld to join him in a new Fox News program. Bill Schulz was an assistant editor at \"Stuff Magazine\" when Gutfeld was hired as Editor in Chief. \" Toronto Sun\" columnist Rachel Marsden was added later."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Greg Gutfeld offend Canadians?", "answer": {"text": "drew wide attention and outrage in Canada after being posted on YouTube following the reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 721, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they upset by this?", "answer": {"text": "reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 807, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36962b15a1e346e8987a0067597be648_0_q#3", "question": "Did he offend any other countries?", "rewrite": "Did Greg Gutfeld offend any other countries other than Canada?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The short message under Bill Schulz's image was \"AVOID HIM\", \"AVENGE HIM\" (both flashed several times each during May 2011), or \"RELISH HIM\" (flashed July 8, 11). The message under Andy Levy's image has been either \"SAVE HIM\" (flashed late-May 2011) or \"OBEY HIM\" (flashed October 6, 2011). Andy Levy often mocked Gutfeld by saying, \"I apologize for nothing. \" Gutfeld has responded to Levy's mocking statement with, \"I apologize for \"everything\".\" In a September 28, 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" article, President Barack Obama stated that Greg Gutfeld's network, Fox News Channel, has a \"point of view that I think is ultimately destructive for the long-term growth of a country that has a vibrant middle-class.\" Red Eye host Greg Gutfeld responded to Obama's political comments with his following September 29, 2010 Greg-alogue: Then Gutfeld advanced the theory that President Obama uses Fox News as a proxy for those Americans who do disagree with his policies:  In a five-minute segment broadcast on Tuesday, March 17, 2009, Gutfeld and his panel discussed Canadian Lieutenant General Andrew Leslie's statement that the Canadian Armed Forces may require a one-year \"synchronized break\" once Canada's mission in Afghanistan ends in 2011. \"Meaning, the Canadian military wants to take a breather to do some yoga, paint landscapes, run on the beach in gorgeous white Capri pants,\" Gutfeld said. \"I didn't even know they were in the war\", comedian panelist Doug Benson added, then continued, \"I thought that's where you go if you \"don't\" want to fight. Go chill in Canada.\"", "The Greg Gutfeld Show The Greg Gutfeld Show is an American weekly comedy and politics show on the Fox News Channel, airing on Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. ET, hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian, a Fox News personality and co-host of the weekday round table show \"The Five\". The show is modeled after traditional late night talk shows, with Gutfeld (sitting behind the desk) interviewing his guests, who are typically comedians, political commentators and Fox News personalities, along with show regulars Katherine \"Kat\" Timpf (a conservative/libertarian writer and blogger) and Tyrus (a former bodyguard to celebrities and professional wrestler). When asked how he was discovered for the show, Tyrus said 'I was just messing around on Twitter one day and I said to Greg about one of the jokes on his show, \u201cI got it. It took me a minute but I got it.\u201d He said, \u201cYou know I\u2019ve watched you. You\u2019re a pretty funny guy. Have you ever thought about coming on and doing the show? \u201d I was like, \u201cAre you serious?!\u201d He was like, \u201cYeah, I\u2019ll give you a shot.\u201d' The show commonly begins with Gutfeld performing a monologue, usually satirical or simply poking fun at current events. He then introduces the guests. They discuss the week's topics in a lighthearted way, focusing more on humor rather than rigorous political debate. Devin D. O\u2019Leary, writing for the media blog Alibi, offered a scathing review of the show, saying \"there\u2019s one thing not even the most died-in-the-wool, Focus on the Family, Tea Party-backing conservative can lie to himself about: Conservatives are just not funny. They\u2019re not wired for it. Their world is black and white.\"", "Red Eye (talk show) Red Eye, also known as Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld from 2007 to 2015 and Red Eye w/ Tom Shillue from 2015 to 2017, was an American late-night/early-morning satirical talk show on Fox News, which aired at 3:00 a.m. ET Tuesday through Saturday, 11:00 p.m. Saturday, and 2:00 a.m. Sunday. The show features panelists and guests discussing the latest news in politics, pop culture, entertainment, business, sports, and religion. The show was created and originally hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian. Gutfeld hosted the show from February 2007 to March 2015, and was replaced by comedian Tom Shillue on June 22, 2015. On April 3, 2017, Fox News announced that \"Red Eye\" had been cancelled. The show's final episode aired on April 7. Andrew Levy discovered Gutfeld's writings on the \"Huffington Post\" and began leaving comments on Gutfeld's posts. As Levy's comments grew to include responses to other commenters, Levy \"half-thought\" the more outrageous comments were by Gutfeld himself. After discovering a post on Levy's blog on this theory, Gutfeld e-mailed Levy he did not write them, which began a correspondence between them. Gutfeld would eventually notify Levy about upcoming posts or ask him to look at his writing. Levy was also asked to join Gutfeld's new blog \"The Daily Gut. \" Later Levy was asked by Gutfeld to join him in a new Fox News program. Bill Schulz was an assistant editor at \"Stuff Magazine\" when Gutfeld was hired as Editor in Chief. \" Toronto Sun\" columnist Rachel Marsden was added later.", "After college he had an internship at The American Spectator, as an assistant to conservative writer R. Emmett Tyrrell. He then worked as a staff writer at Prevention magazine and in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, as an editor at various Rodale Press magazines. In 1995 he became a staff writer at Men's Health. He was promoted to editor in chief of Men's Health in 1999. A year later, he was replaced by David Zinczenko. Gutfeld then became editor in chief of Stuff, increasing circulation from 750,000 to 1.2 million during his tenure. In 2003 he hired several dwarfs to attend a conference of the \"Magazine Publishers of America\" on the topic of \"buzz\", with instructions to be as loud and annoying as possible. The stunt generated publicity but led to Gutfeld's being fired soon afterward; he was then made head of \"brain development\" at Dennis Publishing. He edited Maxim magazine in the UK from 2004 to 2006. Gutfeld's contract expired without renewal after losses in readership under his tenure. Gutfeld was one of the first posting contributors to The Huffington Post from its launch in 2005 until October 2008; frequent targets of his sarcasm included his colleagues Deepak Chopra, Cenk Uygur, Arianna Huffington, and Huffington Post bloggers. Many of his Huffington Post commentaries/blogs are available on its website. Gutfeld has his own blog site, The Daily Gut. Beginning on February 5, 2007, Gutfeld hosted the hour-long Fox News Channel late-night program, Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld. From 2007 to 2013, Bill Schulz served as Gutfeld's \"sidekick\" and Andy Levy as the show's ombudsman. Schulz was Gutfeld's colleague at Stuff magazine and Levy was a fellow blogger at The Huffington Post.", "The March 12, 2011 episode marked the debut of \"Porch\", Pinch's intern. He was a miniature version of Pinch taken from a Bill Schulz bobblehead figure. Both Porch and Pinch have since been discontinued. Another recurring element of the show is the \"leg chair,\" the seat on the rightmost side of the table. Repeatedly referred to by this name by Gutfeld, Levy and others, this chair is reserved almost exclusively for female guests of the show, providing an unobscured view of their legs in wide shots of the set. Female guests seem willing to play along; however, some have expressed varied feelings toward the leg chair. For example, during the April 15, 2010 episode, Gutfeld and Imogen Lloyd Webber had the following exchange:  When Bill Schulz became exceptionally upset about a topic, he would often put on a pair of Buddy Holly\u2013style large, black glasses known as the \"outrage glasses\". He would then speak in a farcical, hyper-angry voice. In a March 2011 Twitter post, Schulz claimed to have discovered the glasses behind a set of his father's vintage toy trucks in his house. Starting in May 2011, a split-second image with a short message has been infrequently flashed over close-up shots of Greg Gutfeld, Bill Schulz, Andy Levy, or sometimes over one of the guests during panel discussion. These semi-subliminal messages always involve either Gutfeld, Schulz or Levy wearing a silver-metallic mask with short messages printed underneath in large capital letters. The short message under Greg Gutfeld's image has been \"REDEEM HIM\", \"PUNISH HIM\" (flashed March 6, 2011), \"FEED IT\" (flashed June 22, 2011), or \"RETURN HIM\" (flashed August 25, 2011)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Greg Gutfeld offend Canadians?", "answer": {"text": "drew wide attention and outrage in Canada after being posted on YouTube following the reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 721, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they upset by this?", "answer": {"text": "reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 807, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Canadians feel about his apology?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36962b15a1e346e8987a0067597be648_0_q#4", "question": "Was there anything else important about this?", "rewrite": "Was there anything else important about Greg Gutfeld being posted on Youtube other than offending Canada?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Red Eye (talk show) Red Eye, also known as Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld from 2007 to 2015 and Red Eye w/ Tom Shillue from 2015 to 2017, was an American late-night/early-morning satirical talk show on Fox News, which aired at 3:00 a.m. ET Tuesday through Saturday, 11:00 p.m. Saturday, and 2:00 a.m. Sunday. The show features panelists and guests discussing the latest news in politics, pop culture, entertainment, business, sports, and religion. The show was created and originally hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian. Gutfeld hosted the show from February 2007 to March 2015, and was replaced by comedian Tom Shillue on June 22, 2015. On April 3, 2017, Fox News announced that \"Red Eye\" had been cancelled. The show's final episode aired on April 7. Andrew Levy discovered Gutfeld's writings on the \"Huffington Post\" and began leaving comments on Gutfeld's posts. As Levy's comments grew to include responses to other commenters, Levy \"half-thought\" the more outrageous comments were by Gutfeld himself. After discovering a post on Levy's blog on this theory, Gutfeld e-mailed Levy he did not write them, which began a correspondence between them. Gutfeld would eventually notify Levy about upcoming posts or ask him to look at his writing. Levy was also asked to join Gutfeld's new blog \"The Daily Gut. \" Later Levy was asked by Gutfeld to join him in a new Fox News program. Bill Schulz was an assistant editor at \"Stuff Magazine\" when Gutfeld was hired as Editor in Chief. \" Toronto Sun\" columnist Rachel Marsden was added later.", "After college he had an internship at The American Spectator, as an assistant to conservative writer R. Emmett Tyrrell. He then worked as a staff writer at Prevention magazine and in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, as an editor at various Rodale Press magazines. In 1995 he became a staff writer at Men's Health. He was promoted to editor in chief of Men's Health in 1999. A year later, he was replaced by David Zinczenko. Gutfeld then became editor in chief of Stuff, increasing circulation from 750,000 to 1.2 million during his tenure. In 2003 he hired several dwarfs to attend a conference of the \"Magazine Publishers of America\" on the topic of \"buzz\", with instructions to be as loud and annoying as possible. The stunt generated publicity but led to Gutfeld's being fired soon afterward; he was then made head of \"brain development\" at Dennis Publishing. He edited Maxim magazine in the UK from 2004 to 2006. Gutfeld's contract expired without renewal after losses in readership under his tenure. Gutfeld was one of the first posting contributors to The Huffington Post from its launch in 2005 until October 2008; frequent targets of his sarcasm included his colleagues Deepak Chopra, Cenk Uygur, Arianna Huffington, and Huffington Post bloggers. Many of his Huffington Post commentaries/blogs are available on its website. Gutfeld has his own blog site, The Daily Gut. Beginning on February 5, 2007, Gutfeld hosted the hour-long Fox News Channel late-night program, Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld. From 2007 to 2013, Bill Schulz served as Gutfeld's \"sidekick\" and Andy Levy as the show's ombudsman. Schulz was Gutfeld's colleague at Stuff magazine and Levy was a fellow blogger at The Huffington Post.", "The short message under Bill Schulz's image was \"AVOID HIM\", \"AVENGE HIM\" (both flashed several times each during May 2011), or \"RELISH HIM\" (flashed July 8, 11). The message under Andy Levy's image has been either \"SAVE HIM\" (flashed late-May 2011) or \"OBEY HIM\" (flashed October 6, 2011). Andy Levy often mocked Gutfeld by saying, \"I apologize for nothing. \" Gutfeld has responded to Levy's mocking statement with, \"I apologize for \"everything\".\" In a September 28, 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" article, President Barack Obama stated that Greg Gutfeld's network, Fox News Channel, has a \"point of view that I think is ultimately destructive for the long-term growth of a country that has a vibrant middle-class.\" Red Eye host Greg Gutfeld responded to Obama's political comments with his following September 29, 2010 Greg-alogue: Then Gutfeld advanced the theory that President Obama uses Fox News as a proxy for those Americans who do disagree with his policies:  In a five-minute segment broadcast on Tuesday, March 17, 2009, Gutfeld and his panel discussed Canadian Lieutenant General Andrew Leslie's statement that the Canadian Armed Forces may require a one-year \"synchronized break\" once Canada's mission in Afghanistan ends in 2011. \"Meaning, the Canadian military wants to take a breather to do some yoga, paint landscapes, run on the beach in gorgeous white Capri pants,\" Gutfeld said. \"I didn't even know they were in the war\", comedian panelist Doug Benson added, then continued, \"I thought that's where you go if you \"don't\" want to fight. Go chill in Canada.\"", "The March 12, 2011 episode marked the debut of \"Porch\", Pinch's intern. He was a miniature version of Pinch taken from a Bill Schulz bobblehead figure. Both Porch and Pinch have since been discontinued. Another recurring element of the show is the \"leg chair,\" the seat on the rightmost side of the table. Repeatedly referred to by this name by Gutfeld, Levy and others, this chair is reserved almost exclusively for female guests of the show, providing an unobscured view of their legs in wide shots of the set. Female guests seem willing to play along; however, some have expressed varied feelings toward the leg chair. For example, during the April 15, 2010 episode, Gutfeld and Imogen Lloyd Webber had the following exchange:  When Bill Schulz became exceptionally upset about a topic, he would often put on a pair of Buddy Holly\u2013style large, black glasses known as the \"outrage glasses\". He would then speak in a farcical, hyper-angry voice. In a March 2011 Twitter post, Schulz claimed to have discovered the glasses behind a set of his father's vintage toy trucks in his house. Starting in May 2011, a split-second image with a short message has been infrequently flashed over close-up shots of Greg Gutfeld, Bill Schulz, Andy Levy, or sometimes over one of the guests during panel discussion. These semi-subliminal messages always involve either Gutfeld, Schulz or Levy wearing a silver-metallic mask with short messages printed underneath in large capital letters. The short message under Greg Gutfeld's image has been \"REDEEM HIM\", \"PUNISH HIM\" (flashed March 6, 2011), \"FEED IT\" (flashed June 22, 2011), or \"RETURN HIM\" (flashed August 25, 2011).", "The Greg Gutfeld Show The Greg Gutfeld Show is an American weekly comedy and politics show on the Fox News Channel, airing on Saturdays at 10:00 p.m. ET, hosted by Greg Gutfeld, a self-described libertarian, a Fox News personality and co-host of the weekday round table show \"The Five\". The show is modeled after traditional late night talk shows, with Gutfeld (sitting behind the desk) interviewing his guests, who are typically comedians, political commentators and Fox News personalities, along with show regulars Katherine \"Kat\" Timpf (a conservative/libertarian writer and blogger) and Tyrus (a former bodyguard to celebrities and professional wrestler). When asked how he was discovered for the show, Tyrus said 'I was just messing around on Twitter one day and I said to Greg about one of the jokes on his show, \u201cI got it. It took me a minute but I got it.\u201d He said, \u201cYou know I\u2019ve watched you. You\u2019re a pretty funny guy. Have you ever thought about coming on and doing the show? \u201d I was like, \u201cAre you serious?!\u201d He was like, \u201cYeah, I\u2019ll give you a shot.\u201d' The show commonly begins with Gutfeld performing a monologue, usually satirical or simply poking fun at current events. He then introduces the guests. They discuss the week's topics in a lighthearted way, focusing more on humor rather than rigorous political debate. Devin D. O\u2019Leary, writing for the media blog Alibi, offered a scathing review of the show, saying \"there\u2019s one thing not even the most died-in-the-wool, Focus on the Family, Tea Party-backing conservative can lie to himself about: Conservatives are just not funny. They\u2019re not wired for it. Their world is black and white.\""], "answer": {"text": "Meaning, the Canadian military wants to take a breather to do some yoga, paint landscapes, run on the beach in gorgeous white Capri pants,\"", "answer_start": 276}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Greg Gutfeld offend Canadians?", "answer": {"text": "drew wide attention and outrage in Canada after being posted on YouTube following the reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 721, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were they upset by this?", "answer": {"text": "reported deaths of four Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan three days earlier.", "answer_start": 807, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Canadians feel about his apology?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he offend any other countries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_075b215006214a08b93e6b105b222a75_0_q#0", "question": "What sort of impact did Kelly Clarkson have?", "rewrite": "What sort of impact did Kelly Clarkson have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hello (Kelly Clarkson song) \"Hello\" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, from her fifth studio album, \"Stronger\" (2011). Written by Clarkson, Josh Abraham, Oliver Goldstein, and Bonnie McKee, with production by Abraham and Oligee, \"Hello\" is a midtempo rock song about searching for companionship in hopes of not being lonely, in which the singer asks, \"Hello? Is anybody listening?\" Upon its release, \"Hello\" was received with positive reception from music critics, who regarded it as a vocal highlight of \"Stronger\". Boosted by digital sales during the album's release, the song entered the South Korean Singles Chart at number 47. Clarkson has also performed it a limited live performance during her Stronger Tour in 2012. \"Hello\" was written by Kelly Clarkson Josh Abraham, Oliver Goldstein, and Bonnie McKee, with Abraham and Goldstein (as Ollgee) handling the song's production. During the summer of 2011, Clarkson and McKee had collaborated on tracks such as \"Hello\" and \"Alone\", intending it to be recorded for Clarkson's fifth studio album, \"Stronger\", which was released on October of that same year. An acoustic version of the \"Hello\" was included as the opening track of her first extended play, \"The Smoakstack Sessions\" (2011). Written in the key of E minor, \"Hello\" is a midtempo rock song with guitar chords and its hand claps. According to the sheet music published by Kobalt Music Publishing, Clarkson's voice range featured in the song spans from A to E. Jarett Wieselman of \"omg! Insider\" noted that its chord progression is similar to Katy Perry's single \"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\"", "List of Kelly Clarkson promotional tours The following is a comprehensive list of American pop-rock artist, Kelly Clarkson's promotional tours. The singer has also been on numerous headlining and co-headlining concert tours. Kelly Clarkson in Concert is a promotional tour by American pop rock artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour supported her debut album, \"Thankful\". Primarily visiting the United States, the singer played state and county fairs, along with theatres. Stops in California were cancelled due to illness and were unable to be rescheduled. Clarkson's setlist composed of songs from her album and covers from Aretha Franklin, Garth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith and No Doubt. The tour was proposed to include Japan and the United Kingdom, however, it did not come to fruition. Source:   Kelly Clarkson: Live in Concert also known as the \"All I Ever Wanted Summer Fair Tour\", is a promotional tour by American pop artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour promoted her fourth studio album, \"All I Ever Wanted\". For the tour, Clarkson played at state and county fairs, along with, radio and college festivals in the United States, Canada, and England. <br> Source:   List of Kelly Clarkson concert tours", "The Kelly Clarkson Show The Kelly Clarkson Show is an American television variety talk show hosted by American singer Kelly Clarkson. The show also features segments about \"everyday people\". Produced and distributed by NBCUniversal Television, it premiered on September 9, 2019, in first-run syndication. NBC Owned Television Stations serves as the show's major affiliate base, and on those stations, it is positioned as a lead-in to \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on most stations that broadcast the latter. The series also airs the same day on Bravo as part of its overnight programming, and NBC stations and affiliates carrying \"Kelly\" also have the option to carry a late night repeat in lieu of an encore of \"Today with Hoda & Jenna\". The program's press release states that \"In her new daytime talk show, Kelly Clarkson uses her gift of connection to bring viewers something new: a fun, energetic show that breaks with tradition. In each episode audiences will experience an hour full of remarkable stories, celebrity guests, spontaneous surprises, humor, heart and, of course, good music. It's like a weekday brunch party with a fascinating guest list of people who would otherwise never meet.\" Paul Telegdy, who was NBCUniversal's president of Alternative Programming, had originally scouted Clarkson to serve as a mentor, and later a coach, on NBC's music competition series \"The Voice\". As part of a corporate restructuring, Telegdy additionally became the head of NBCUniversal's syndication division in late 2016. Despite being reluctant at first, Clarkson accepted the offer for the series in an effort to \"connect with people, play games, music and find ways to help or give back to communities/organizations.\" She also sought advice from various television presenters, including Seth Meyers, Jimmy Fallon, Ellen DeGeneres, and Blake Shelton.", "\"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 2: \"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 6: \"Hung Up\" - Madonna February 7: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 8: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 9: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 13: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 14: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 15: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 16: \"Goodbye For Now\" - P. O. D.  February 21: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 22: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 23: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 24: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 27: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 28: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 1: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 2: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 6: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 7: \"The Real Thing\" - Bo Bice  March 8: \"Sorry\" - Madonna March 9: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 13: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 14: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  March 15: \" So Sick\" - Ne-Yo March 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 20: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 21: \"Hips Don't Lie\" - Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean March 22: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 23: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 24 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 27: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 28 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 3:", "\"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 4: \" Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 5: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 6: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 10: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 11: \"Temperature\" - Sean Paul  April 12: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 13: \"S. O. S. ( Rescue Me )\" - Rihanna April 17: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 18: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 19: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 20: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 24: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 25: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook April 26: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 27: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg May 1: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 2: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 3: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 4: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 5: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 8: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 9: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers  May 10: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 11: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 15: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 17: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 18: \"Unfaithful\" - Rihanna"], "answer": {"text": "According to Billboard, Clarkson was a \"phenomenon\" who \"helped legitimize\" the impact of talent shows.", "answer_start": 1183}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_075b215006214a08b93e6b105b222a75_0_q#1", "question": "how did she rank on the billboards?", "rewrite": "how did Kelly Clarkson rank on the billboards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 4: \" Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 5: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 6: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 10: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 11: \"Temperature\" - Sean Paul  April 12: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 13: \"S. O. S. ( Rescue Me )\" - Rihanna April 17: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 18: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 19: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 20: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 24: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 25: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook April 26: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 27: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg May 1: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 2: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 3: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 4: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 5: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 8: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 9: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers  May 10: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 11: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 15: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 17: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 18: \"Unfaithful\" - Rihanna", "Hello (Kelly Clarkson song) \"Hello\" is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson, from her fifth studio album, \"Stronger\" (2011). Written by Clarkson, Josh Abraham, Oliver Goldstein, and Bonnie McKee, with production by Abraham and Oligee, \"Hello\" is a midtempo rock song about searching for companionship in hopes of not being lonely, in which the singer asks, \"Hello? Is anybody listening?\" Upon its release, \"Hello\" was received with positive reception from music critics, who regarded it as a vocal highlight of \"Stronger\". Boosted by digital sales during the album's release, the song entered the South Korean Singles Chart at number 47. Clarkson has also performed it a limited live performance during her Stronger Tour in 2012. \"Hello\" was written by Kelly Clarkson Josh Abraham, Oliver Goldstein, and Bonnie McKee, with Abraham and Goldstein (as Ollgee) handling the song's production. During the summer of 2011, Clarkson and McKee had collaborated on tracks such as \"Hello\" and \"Alone\", intending it to be recorded for Clarkson's fifth studio album, \"Stronger\", which was released on October of that same year. An acoustic version of the \"Hello\" was included as the opening track of her first extended play, \"The Smoakstack Sessions\" (2011). Written in the key of E minor, \"Hello\" is a midtempo rock song with guitar chords and its hand claps. According to the sheet music published by Kobalt Music Publishing, Clarkson's voice range featured in the song spans from A to E. Jarett Wieselman of \"omg! Insider\" noted that its chord progression is similar to Katy Perry's single \"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)\"", "The Kelly Clarkson Show The Kelly Clarkson Show is an American television variety talk show hosted by American singer Kelly Clarkson. The show also features segments about \"everyday people\". Produced and distributed by NBCUniversal Television, it premiered on September 9, 2019, in first-run syndication. NBC Owned Television Stations serves as the show's major affiliate base, and on those stations, it is positioned as a lead-in to \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on most stations that broadcast the latter. The series also airs the same day on Bravo as part of its overnight programming, and NBC stations and affiliates carrying \"Kelly\" also have the option to carry a late night repeat in lieu of an encore of \"Today with Hoda & Jenna\". The program's press release states that \"In her new daytime talk show, Kelly Clarkson uses her gift of connection to bring viewers something new: a fun, energetic show that breaks with tradition. In each episode audiences will experience an hour full of remarkable stories, celebrity guests, spontaneous surprises, humor, heart and, of course, good music. It's like a weekday brunch party with a fascinating guest list of people who would otherwise never meet.\" Paul Telegdy, who was NBCUniversal's president of Alternative Programming, had originally scouted Clarkson to serve as a mentor, and later a coach, on NBC's music competition series \"The Voice\". As part of a corporate restructuring, Telegdy additionally became the head of NBCUniversal's syndication division in late 2016. Despite being reluctant at first, Clarkson accepted the offer for the series in an effort to \"connect with people, play games, music and find ways to help or give back to communities/organizations.\" She also sought advice from various television presenters, including Seth Meyers, Jimmy Fallon, Ellen DeGeneres, and Blake Shelton.", "\"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 2: \"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 6: \"Hung Up\" - Madonna February 7: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 8: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 9: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 13: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 14: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 15: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 16: \"Goodbye For Now\" - P. O. D.  February 21: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 22: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 23: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 24: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 27: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 28: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 1: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 2: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 6: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 7: \"The Real Thing\" - Bo Bice  March 8: \"Sorry\" - Madonna March 9: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 13: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 14: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  March 15: \" So Sick\" - Ne-Yo March 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 20: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 21: \"Hips Don't Lie\" - Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean March 22: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 23: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 24 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 27: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 28 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 3:", "List of Kelly Clarkson promotional tours The following is a comprehensive list of American pop-rock artist, Kelly Clarkson's promotional tours. The singer has also been on numerous headlining and co-headlining concert tours. Kelly Clarkson in Concert is a promotional tour by American pop rock artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour supported her debut album, \"Thankful\". Primarily visiting the United States, the singer played state and county fairs, along with theatres. Stops in California were cancelled due to illness and were unable to be rescheduled. Clarkson's setlist composed of songs from her album and covers from Aretha Franklin, Garth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith and No Doubt. The tour was proposed to include Japan and the United Kingdom, however, it did not come to fruition. Source:   Kelly Clarkson: Live in Concert also known as the \"All I Ever Wanted Summer Fair Tour\", is a promotional tour by American pop artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour promoted her fourth studio album, \"All I Ever Wanted\". For the tour, Clarkson played at state and county fairs, along with, radio and college festivals in the United States, Canada, and England. <br> Source:   List of Kelly Clarkson concert tours"], "answer": {"text": "Clarkson has scored 100 number ones on the Billboard charts", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of impact did Kelly Clarkson have?", "answer": {"text": "According to Billboard, Clarkson was a \"phenomenon\" who \"helped legitimize\" the impact of talent shows.", "answer_start": 1183, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_075b215006214a08b93e6b105b222a75_0_q#2", "question": "What was her number 1 hit?", "rewrite": "What was Kelly Clarkson number 1 hit?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 2: \"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 6: \"Hung Up\" - Madonna February 7: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 8: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 9: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 13: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 14: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 15: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 16: \"Goodbye For Now\" - P. O. D.  February 21: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 22: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 23: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 24: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 27: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 28: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 1: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 2: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 6: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 7: \"The Real Thing\" - Bo Bice  March 8: \"Sorry\" - Madonna March 9: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 13: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 14: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  March 15: \" So Sick\" - Ne-Yo March 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 20: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 21: \"Hips Don't Lie\" - Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean March 22: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 23: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 24 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 27: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 28 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 3:", "\"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 4: \" Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 5: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 6: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 10: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 11: \"Temperature\" - Sean Paul  April 12: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 13: \"S. O. S. ( Rescue Me )\" - Rihanna April 17: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 18: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 19: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 20: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 24: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 25: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook April 26: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 27: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg May 1: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 2: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 3: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 4: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 5: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 8: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 9: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers  May 10: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 11: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 15: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 17: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 18: \"Unfaithful\" - Rihanna", "List of Kelly Clarkson promotional tours The following is a comprehensive list of American pop-rock artist, Kelly Clarkson's promotional tours. The singer has also been on numerous headlining and co-headlining concert tours. Kelly Clarkson in Concert is a promotional tour by American pop rock artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour supported her debut album, \"Thankful\". Primarily visiting the United States, the singer played state and county fairs, along with theatres. Stops in California were cancelled due to illness and were unable to be rescheduled. Clarkson's setlist composed of songs from her album and covers from Aretha Franklin, Garth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith and No Doubt. The tour was proposed to include Japan and the United Kingdom, however, it did not come to fruition. Source:   Kelly Clarkson: Live in Concert also known as the \"All I Ever Wanted Summer Fair Tour\", is a promotional tour by American pop artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour promoted her fourth studio album, \"All I Ever Wanted\". For the tour, Clarkson played at state and county fairs, along with, radio and college festivals in the United States, Canada, and England. <br> Source:   List of Kelly Clarkson concert tours", "The Kelly Clarkson Show The Kelly Clarkson Show is an American television variety talk show hosted by American singer Kelly Clarkson. The show also features segments about \"everyday people\". Produced and distributed by NBCUniversal Television, it premiered on September 9, 2019, in first-run syndication. NBC Owned Television Stations serves as the show's major affiliate base, and on those stations, it is positioned as a lead-in to \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on most stations that broadcast the latter. The series also airs the same day on Bravo as part of its overnight programming, and NBC stations and affiliates carrying \"Kelly\" also have the option to carry a late night repeat in lieu of an encore of \"Today with Hoda & Jenna\". The program's press release states that \"In her new daytime talk show, Kelly Clarkson uses her gift of connection to bring viewers something new: a fun, energetic show that breaks with tradition. In each episode audiences will experience an hour full of remarkable stories, celebrity guests, spontaneous surprises, humor, heart and, of course, good music. It's like a weekday brunch party with a fascinating guest list of people who would otherwise never meet.\" Paul Telegdy, who was NBCUniversal's president of Alternative Programming, had originally scouted Clarkson to serve as a mentor, and later a coach, on NBC's music competition series \"The Voice\". As part of a corporate restructuring, Telegdy additionally became the head of NBCUniversal's syndication division in late 2016. Despite being reluctant at first, Clarkson accepted the offer for the series in an effort to \"connect with people, play games, music and find ways to help or give back to communities/organizations.\" She also sought advice from various television presenters, including Seth Meyers, Jimmy Fallon, Ellen DeGeneres, and Blake Shelton.", "American Idol (season 1) The first season of \"American Idol\" premiered on June 11, 2002 (under the full title American Idol: The Search for a Superstar) and continued until September 4, 2002. It was won by Kelly Clarkson. The first season was co-hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Brian Dunkleman, the latter of whom left the show after the season ended. The winner, Kelly Clarkson, signed with RCA Records, the label in partnership with American Idol's 19 Recordings. Immediately post-finale, Clarkson released two singles, including the coronation song, \"A Moment Like This\". \" A Moment Like This\" went on to break a thirty-eight-year-old record held by The Beatles for a song's biggest leap to number one on the Billboard Hot 100. It jumped up from number fifty-two to number one in just one week. She held that record for five years but she reclaimed that record back in 2009 with her hit single \"My Life Would Suck Without You\" when it jumped up from number ninety-seven to number one. Clarkson has enjoyed a successful recording career since winning, with multiple-platinum albums, a number of Top 10 hit singles and three Grammy Awards. Runner-up Justin Guarini also signed with RCA Records, eventually debuting an album in 2003 after the conclusion of season 2. RCA dropped him shortly after its debut. In addition to Clarkson and Guarini, also signed were Nikki McKibbin, Tamyra Gray, R. J. Helton, and Christina Christian. After the finale, a special show in Las Vegas was also shown on September 23, 2002 where all 30 of the contestants who made the judges' initial cut performed during in a two-hour concert. The show inspired a 2003 musical film, \"From Justin to Kelly\", featuring Kelly Clarkson and Justin Guarini."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of impact did Kelly Clarkson have?", "answer": {"text": "According to Billboard, Clarkson was a \"phenomenon\" who \"helped legitimize\" the impact of talent shows.", "answer_start": 1183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she rank on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Clarkson has scored 100 number ones on the Billboard charts", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_075b215006214a08b93e6b105b222a75_0_q#3", "question": "is there any other interesting aspects to this article?", "rewrite": "is there any other interesting aspects to this article in addition to this?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Out of this combination, and with the Cole brothers' focus on original songwriting came 'Quill', which was then signed as a group to Amphion Management. The band spent 1967, 1968 and 1969 regularly playing rock venues in Boston, Providence, and New York, as well as many other smaller markets around the Northeast. Though Quill rarely played outside of their region, the show made it as far west as Aspen, Colorado. Though most often headlining in smaller clubs, where Quill gained a very loyal following, the group also played in a number of much larger venues, opening for such international acts as The Jeff Beck Group, The Who, The Kinks, Deep Purple, Buddy Guy, Blue Cheer, Sly and the Family Stone, Grateful Dead, and Janis Joplin. It even opened for comedian Steve Martin in one of the interesting pairings in Quill lore. In addition. Quill was featured on several local TV shows in Boston and the Midwest, and was highlighted by the music press on numerous occasions for its originality and creativity. An early summer '69 appearance at Steve Paul's Scene in New York City resulted in Quill being invited to play at the Woodstock Festival. That night at the club also featured the first introduction of Johnny Winter to the NYC record industry crowd. The night ended finding Jimi Hendrix and Stephen Stills joining Johnny and members of Quill for a late jam. Aside from the basic roles of each member of the band, one of the interesting aspects of the band was its ability to mount a variety of instrumental and vocal configurations to play specific songs. Considered by many to be among the best technical and most creative rock drummers of that era, Roger North anchored the band on the drums and percussion. The other members of the band would often switch instruments to create different sounds and effects.", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge.", "In addition, recently there has also been a tendency to add futanari, bisexual or androgynous-looking crossdresser characters to the genre, allowing the use of queer content, while technically remaining within the boundaries of heterosexual romance. The protagonist can be diverse. Because of different situations and plot devices in the story the protagonist normally end up discovering hidden aspects which make females and males within the \"harem\" \"more attractive\" while highlighting interesting aspects of their personalities, usually because of said protagonist's kindness, courage and the will to protect or support their friends or the world. These protagonists usually end up with a harem accidentally, because they were in the wrong place at the wrong time due to some unforeseeable circumstance or random chance. Most protagonists don't even want the harems they start, as they mostly only have one main love interest and all other members of their harem simply fall in love with him or her because they deeply admire some part of their personality, and the protagonist can't bring themselves to tell them to leave. Harem endings typically follow two different routes;   Other series have a route where the story concludes with a multi-marriage ending.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\""], "answer": {"text": "Music executive Simon Cowell believed that \"What [Clarkson] sold in the UK, Europe, Asia had nothing to do with American Idol.", "answer_start": 514}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of impact did Kelly Clarkson have?", "answer": {"text": "According to Billboard, Clarkson was a \"phenomenon\" who \"helped legitimize\" the impact of talent shows.", "answer_start": 1183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she rank on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Clarkson has scored 100 number ones on the Billboard charts", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her number 1 hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_075b215006214a08b93e6b105b222a75_0_q#4", "question": "What other interactions did Clarkson have with Simon Cowell?", "rewrite": "In addition to, What other interactions did Kelly Clarkson have with Simon Cowell?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\" Following the airing of his audition on the third auditions show on 30 April 2011, Parke quickly became the bookies favorite to win the show. Parke was then shown being put through to the semi-finals a few weeks later. Parke performed for a second time during the semi-final on 30 May 2011, performing \"Make You Feel My Love\" by Bob Dylan. After his performance, he received praise from all four judges David Hasselhoff (who was not present at Parke's audition), McIntyre, Holden and Simon Cowell, who was only judging the live finals. Parke received the highest public vote of the night and was automatically sent through to the final. In the final on 4 June, Parke performed \"Because of You\" by Kelly Clarkson and received a standing ovation from the audience and judges, who once again gave him praise for his powerful rendition of the song. Louis Walsh, who was in the audience for the final, was referred to by Cowell and also praised Parke saying, \"He's made the hairs stand on the back of my neck\". However, Parke lost to eventual winner Jai McDowall by a margin of 2.6 percent of the vote. There was an allegation that Simon Cowell had been \"grooming\" Parke for two years before he auditioned on the show, but Cowell and Parke both denied having had any prior contact. Cowell said on the semi-final edition, aired 3 June 2011: \"There have been allegations made ... on the internet, that Ronan Parke has a previous recording contract with my record label, that I'd met him before, both of which are complete and utter lies. The first time I met Ronan was when he appeared on the show, he entered it of his own accord.", "Sweet Revenge: The Intimate Life of Simon Cowell Sweet Revenge: The Intimate Life of Simon Cowell is a 2012 biography of the British music and entertainment figure Simon Cowell by the British investigative journalist and biographer Tom Bower. Cowell cooperated with the book and a sequel is planned. The book received a mixed reception from critics. A friend had suggested to Bower that he write Cowell's biography, feeling that Cowell's life fitted Bower's \"track record of writing about men with power and money\". Bower subsequently received a call inviting him to meet Cowell, after he had commenced research on the book, and Cowell agreed to cooperate, subject to Bower's condition that he would \"publish criticism and any evidence of wrongdoing\". The pair would subsequently meet in London and Los Angeles and have many telephone conversations as part of the writing process. Bower spent time at Cowell's various homes and traveled with him as he researched the biography. Cowell was not aware of the exact contents of the book prior to its publication. Though Cowell had given Bower some 200 hours of access to him, Bower subsequently said that Cowell had tried to restrict his access to sources. In Bower's presence, Cowell told his friend Sinitta that she was not allowed to speak to Bower, and as compensation for not speaking to Sinitta, Bower was allowed to speak to Cowell's mother. Sinitta later confirmed that she had given a verbal agreement to Cowell not to contribute to the biography. Cowell's fellow entertainment manager, Simon Fuller, also refused to cooperate with Bower after apparently finding out that a colleague of Cowell's was not supporting the book. The title of the book refers to Cowell's relationship with fellow entertainment impresario Simon Fuller.", "List of Kelly Clarkson promotional tours The following is a comprehensive list of American pop-rock artist, Kelly Clarkson's promotional tours. The singer has also been on numerous headlining and co-headlining concert tours. Kelly Clarkson in Concert is a promotional tour by American pop rock artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour supported her debut album, \"Thankful\". Primarily visiting the United States, the singer played state and county fairs, along with theatres. Stops in California were cancelled due to illness and were unable to be rescheduled. Clarkson's setlist composed of songs from her album and covers from Aretha Franklin, Garth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith and No Doubt. The tour was proposed to include Japan and the United Kingdom, however, it did not come to fruition. Source:   Kelly Clarkson: Live in Concert also known as the \"All I Ever Wanted Summer Fair Tour\", is a promotional tour by American pop artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour promoted her fourth studio album, \"All I Ever Wanted\". For the tour, Clarkson played at state and county fairs, along with, radio and college festivals in the United States, Canada, and England. <br> Source:   List of Kelly Clarkson concert tours", "\"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 4: \" Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 5: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 6: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 10: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 11: \"Temperature\" - Sean Paul  April 12: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 13: \"S. O. S. ( Rescue Me )\" - Rihanna April 17: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 18: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 19: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 20: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 24: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 25: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook April 26: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 27: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg May 1: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 2: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 3: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 4: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 5: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 8: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 9: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers  May 10: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 11: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 15: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 17: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 18: \"Unfaithful\" - Rihanna", "Second Hand Heart (Ben Haenow song) \"Second Hand Heart\" is a song by English singer Ben Haenow, from his self-titled debut studio album, \"Ben Haenow\" (2015). Featuring American singer Kelly Clarkson, it is an upbeat pop song produced by Afterhrs, Jason Halbert, and Pete Hammerton, written by Artist vs. Poet members Joe Kirkland and Jason Dean with Afterhrs members Ian Franzino and Andrew Haas, with additional writing by Neil Ormandy. \" Second Hand Heart\" was issued as the album's lead and only single on 16 October 2015 by Syco Music and RCA Records. After winning the eleventh series of \"The X Factor\" and releasing a cover version of OneRepublic's \"Something I Need\" as his debut single in December 2014, Haenow was signed to a recording contract with record label Syco Music on 6 January 2015, and on RCA Records on 14 October 2015. Through music mogul Simon Cowell and Sony Music UK executive Sonny Takhar, Haenow invited Kelly Clarkson to be featured on one of the album's tracks. He remarked: \"The idea of a feature wasn't on the cards at first. But when I heard the vocals on it I was blown away as it gave the song a whole new dimension.\" Clarkson also commented that she fell in love with the song upon listening it for the first time, saying: \"Lyrically and musically, it is right up my alley.\" Haenow further added: \"It was originally written as a solo song but the head of Sony recommended releasing it as a duet and suggested Kelly Clarkson. You don't expect that she's going to work with you, especially when you hear she doesn't particularly work with many people.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of impact did Kelly Clarkson have?", "answer": {"text": "According to Billboard, Clarkson was a \"phenomenon\" who \"helped legitimize\" the impact of talent shows.", "answer_start": 1183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she rank on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Clarkson has scored 100 number ones on the Billboard charts", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her number 1 hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there any other interesting aspects to this article?", "answer": {"text": "Music executive Simon Cowell believed that \"What [Clarkson] sold in the UK, Europe, Asia had nothing to do with American Idol.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_075b215006214a08b93e6b105b222a75_0_q#5", "question": "Did clarkson sell well in the UK?", "rewrite": "Did Kelly Clarkson sell well in the UK?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 2: \"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 6: \"Hung Up\" - Madonna February 7: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 8: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 9: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 13: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 14: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 15: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 16: \"Goodbye For Now\" - P. O. D.  February 21: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 22: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 23: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 24: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 27: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 28: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 1: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 2: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 6: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 7: \"The Real Thing\" - Bo Bice  March 8: \"Sorry\" - Madonna March 9: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 13: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 14: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  March 15: \" So Sick\" - Ne-Yo March 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 20: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 21: \"Hips Don't Lie\" - Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean March 22: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 23: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 24 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 27: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 28 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 3:", "The Kelly Clarkson Show The Kelly Clarkson Show is an American television variety talk show hosted by American singer Kelly Clarkson. The show also features segments about \"everyday people\". Produced and distributed by NBCUniversal Television, it premiered on September 9, 2019, in first-run syndication. NBC Owned Television Stations serves as the show's major affiliate base, and on those stations, it is positioned as a lead-in to \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on most stations that broadcast the latter. The series also airs the same day on Bravo as part of its overnight programming, and NBC stations and affiliates carrying \"Kelly\" also have the option to carry a late night repeat in lieu of an encore of \"Today with Hoda & Jenna\". The program's press release states that \"In her new daytime talk show, Kelly Clarkson uses her gift of connection to bring viewers something new: a fun, energetic show that breaks with tradition. In each episode audiences will experience an hour full of remarkable stories, celebrity guests, spontaneous surprises, humor, heart and, of course, good music. It's like a weekday brunch party with a fascinating guest list of people who would otherwise never meet.\" Paul Telegdy, who was NBCUniversal's president of Alternative Programming, had originally scouted Clarkson to serve as a mentor, and later a coach, on NBC's music competition series \"The Voice\". As part of a corporate restructuring, Telegdy additionally became the head of NBCUniversal's syndication division in late 2016. Despite being reluctant at first, Clarkson accepted the offer for the series in an effort to \"connect with people, play games, music and find ways to help or give back to communities/organizations.\" She also sought advice from various television presenters, including Seth Meyers, Jimmy Fallon, Ellen DeGeneres, and Blake Shelton.", "List of Kelly Clarkson promotional tours The following is a comprehensive list of American pop-rock artist, Kelly Clarkson's promotional tours. The singer has also been on numerous headlining and co-headlining concert tours. Kelly Clarkson in Concert is a promotional tour by American pop rock artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour supported her debut album, \"Thankful\". Primarily visiting the United States, the singer played state and county fairs, along with theatres. Stops in California were cancelled due to illness and were unable to be rescheduled. Clarkson's setlist composed of songs from her album and covers from Aretha Franklin, Garth Brooks, Reba McEntire, Bonnie Raitt, Aerosmith and No Doubt. The tour was proposed to include Japan and the United Kingdom, however, it did not come to fruition. Source:   Kelly Clarkson: Live in Concert also known as the \"All I Ever Wanted Summer Fair Tour\", is a promotional tour by American pop artist, Kelly Clarkson. The tour promoted her fourth studio album, \"All I Ever Wanted\". For the tour, Clarkson played at state and county fairs, along with, radio and college festivals in the United States, Canada, and England. <br> Source:   List of Kelly Clarkson concert tours", "Pistachio oil Pistachio oil is a pressed oil, extracted from the fruit of \"Pistacia vera\", the pistachio nut. Compared to other nut oils, pistachio oil has a particularly strong flavor. Like other nut oils, it tastes similar to the nut from which it is extracted. Pistachio oil is high in Vitamin E, containing 19mg/100g. It contains 12.7% saturated fats, 53.8% monounsaturated fats, 32.7% linoleic acid, and 0.8% omega-3 fatty acid. Pistachio oil is used as a table oil to add flavor to foods such as steamed vegetables. Pistachio oil is also used in skin care products.", "\"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 4: \" Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 5: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 6: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 10: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 11: \"Temperature\" - Sean Paul  April 12: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 13: \"S. O. S. ( Rescue Me )\" - Rihanna April 17: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 18: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 19: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 20: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 24: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 25: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook April 26: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 27: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg May 1: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 2: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 3: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 4: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 5: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 8: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 9: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers  May 10: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 11: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 15: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 17: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 18: \"Unfaithful\" - Rihanna"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sort of impact did Kelly Clarkson have?", "answer": {"text": "According to Billboard, Clarkson was a \"phenomenon\" who \"helped legitimize\" the impact of talent shows.", "answer_start": 1183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she rank on the billboards?", "answer": {"text": "Clarkson has scored 100 number ones on the Billboard charts", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her number 1 hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there any other interesting aspects to this article?", "answer": {"text": "Music executive Simon Cowell believed that \"What [Clarkson] sold in the UK, Europe, Asia had nothing to do with American Idol.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other interactions did Clarkson have with Simon Cowell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#0", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He took on the World number 1, from Serbia, Novak Djokovi\u0107. Agut's tournament finished with a four-set defeat. Despite losing, Agut did manage to repeat his best performance in New York for a second consecutive year. He then played in the St. Petersburg Open where he was the fourth seed. He lost in the semi-finals to second seed Milo\u0161 Raoni\u0107. He was the second seed in the Kremlin Cup in Moscow. In a repeat of the previous years final, he lost against Marin \u010cili\u0107 by the same scoreline (4\u20136, 4\u20136) as the 2014 final. He was the seventh seed in the 2015 Valencia Open. With most of the seeds falling early, it was a shock draw with Agut being the only seeded player remaining by the semifinals. Agut reached the final where he led by a set and a break against Jo\u00e3o Sousa but failed to consolidate, going on to lose the match, which was the story of his 2015 season in tournament decisive matches. At the end of 2015, Agut finished outside the top 20 with a ranking of 25. In the 2016 ASB Classic Agut knocked out defending Champion Jiri Vesely, third seeded American John Isner and second seeded Frenchman Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, his first top ten scalp in two years, on his way to the final where he took on talented American Jack Sock. Roberto was crowned champion after the American retired in the second set. In the 2016 Australian Open Agut was seeded 24th. After defeating Martin Kli\u017ean and Du\u0161an Lajovi\u0107, Agut took on 12th seed Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the third round. Agut earned his first ever win over \u010cili\u0107 in a shock straight-sets result setting up a match-up with the sixth seed, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych.", "where, unseeded, he made it to the second round, losing to world no. 3 and reigning Australian Open champion Roger Federer in their first meeting since the 2007 US Open. Isner began the year by teaming with Bethanie Mattek-Sands to win the mixed doubles Hopman Cup final for the United States, defeating Belgium's Justine Henin and Ruben Bemelmans. Following his win in Perth, Isner returned to Auckland to defend his ATP title at the 2011 Heineken Open. After a bye in his first round, the third seed faced Dutchman and world no. 52 Robin Haase. Isner defeated Haase to go through to the quarterfinals, where he was defeated by David Nalbandian in straight sets. Isner next played at the 2011 Australian Open He entered the tournament seeded 20th and received a tough draw, including Radek \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek, Marin \u010cili\u0107, and Rafael Nadal. Isner came up against French world no. 69 Florent Serra, whom he easily defeated. Isner then faced \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek in the second round where he would progress into the third round, rallying to ultimately win the match after losing the first set. He next faced fellow top 20 player Marin \u010cili\u0107. The match went to five sets, with \u010cili\u0107 emerging as the eventual winner. At the 2011 French Open, Isner was drawn against top seed and defending champion Rafael Nadal. Isner took a two-sets-to-one lead against Nadal, who had never played a five-set match at Roland Garros before. Nadal went on to win the title. In the 2011 Wimbledon men's singles draw, Isner was paired against Mahut in the first round, a rematch of the world's longest match from the previous year's tournament. Isner won in straight sets.", "He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost.", "However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107."], "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#1", "question": "How did he do?", "rewrite": "How did Marin \u010cili\u0107 do in 2008?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost.", "However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107.", "where, unseeded, he made it to the second round, losing to world no. 3 and reigning Australian Open champion Roger Federer in their first meeting since the 2007 US Open. Isner began the year by teaming with Bethanie Mattek-Sands to win the mixed doubles Hopman Cup final for the United States, defeating Belgium's Justine Henin and Ruben Bemelmans. Following his win in Perth, Isner returned to Auckland to defend his ATP title at the 2011 Heineken Open. After a bye in his first round, the third seed faced Dutchman and world no. 52 Robin Haase. Isner defeated Haase to go through to the quarterfinals, where he was defeated by David Nalbandian in straight sets. Isner next played at the 2011 Australian Open He entered the tournament seeded 20th and received a tough draw, including Radek \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek, Marin \u010cili\u0107, and Rafael Nadal. Isner came up against French world no. 69 Florent Serra, whom he easily defeated. Isner then faced \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek in the second round where he would progress into the third round, rallying to ultimately win the match after losing the first set. He next faced fellow top 20 player Marin \u010cili\u0107. The match went to five sets, with \u010cili\u0107 emerging as the eventual winner. At the 2011 French Open, Isner was drawn against top seed and defending champion Rafael Nadal. Isner took a two-sets-to-one lead against Nadal, who had never played a five-set match at Roland Garros before. Nadal went on to win the title. In the 2011 Wimbledon men's singles draw, Isner was paired against Mahut in the first round, a rematch of the world's longest match from the previous year's tournament. Isner won in straight sets.", "He took on the World number 1, from Serbia, Novak Djokovi\u0107. Agut's tournament finished with a four-set defeat. Despite losing, Agut did manage to repeat his best performance in New York for a second consecutive year. He then played in the St. Petersburg Open where he was the fourth seed. He lost in the semi-finals to second seed Milo\u0161 Raoni\u0107. He was the second seed in the Kremlin Cup in Moscow. In a repeat of the previous years final, he lost against Marin \u010cili\u0107 by the same scoreline (4\u20136, 4\u20136) as the 2014 final. He was the seventh seed in the 2015 Valencia Open. With most of the seeds falling early, it was a shock draw with Agut being the only seeded player remaining by the semifinals. Agut reached the final where he led by a set and a break against Jo\u00e3o Sousa but failed to consolidate, going on to lose the match, which was the story of his 2015 season in tournament decisive matches. At the end of 2015, Agut finished outside the top 20 with a ranking of 25. In the 2016 ASB Classic Agut knocked out defending Champion Jiri Vesely, third seeded American John Isner and second seeded Frenchman Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, his first top ten scalp in two years, on his way to the final where he took on talented American Jack Sock. Roberto was crowned champion after the American retired in the second set. In the 2016 Australian Open Agut was seeded 24th. After defeating Martin Kli\u017ean and Du\u0161an Lajovi\u0107, Agut took on 12th seed Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the third round. Agut earned his first ever win over \u010cili\u0107 in a shock straight-sets result setting up a match-up with the sixth seed, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych."], "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#2", "question": "Did he win?", "rewrite": "Did Marin \u010cili\u0107 win in 2008 Australian Open?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The only other active players who have a Major title to their name are Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro (2009 US Open), Stan Wawrinka (2014 Australian Open, 2015 French Open, 2016 US Open) and Marin \u010cili\u0107 (2014 US Open). Starting with the 2005 Wimbledon Championships, their combined record at Grand Slam tournaments against everyone else is 707\u201362. Moreover, only six times has a player outside the group beaten two of them in the same Grand Slam tournament (Safin at the 2005 Australian Open, Tsonga at the 2008 Australian Open, del Potro at the 2009 US Open, Berdych at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships and Wawrinka at the 2014 Australian Open and the 2015 French Open). Stan Wawrinka, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych are the only players to have beaten each member of the Big Four at a Grand Slam event. Wins over each member of the Big Four at a Grand Slam event Wins over three members of the Big Four at a Grand Slam event Only four players have defeated 3 of the Big Four at the same tournament. Two of these players are members of the Big Four: Nadal who defeated Murray in the round of 16, Djokovic in the semi-finals, and Federer in the final to win the 2008 Hamburg Masters; and Federer who defeated Murray in the round robin round, Djokovic in the semi-finals, and Nadal in the finals to win the 2010 ATP World Tour Finals. The only two other players to have achieved this trifecta are:  Only two players have beaten a member of the Big Four in a major final. The first to do so was Juan Martin del Potro when he defeated Federer in the 2009 US Open final.", "2014 US Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Marin \u010cili\u0107 defeated Kei Nishikori in the final 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2014 US Open. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew before the tournament began because of a right wrist injury. The finalists defeated Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer in their respective semi-finals to guarantee a new champion, the first Grand Slam final with a guaranteed new champion since the 2008 Australian Open (when Djokovic defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga), and the first Grand Slam with two first-time Slam finalists since the 2005 French Open (where Nadal defeated Mariano Puerta). Nishikori and \u010cili\u0107 were also the two lowest-ranked seeds to reach the US Open final since Pete Sampras won the title in 2002 as the 17th seed. As of Wimbledon 2019, this is the last Grand Slam where none of the Big Four has featured in the final since the 2005 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 beat Nishikori 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 to become the second Croatian to win a Grand Slam men's singles title after his coach Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 triumphed at 2001 Wimbledon.", "where, unseeded, he made it to the second round, losing to world no. 3 and reigning Australian Open champion Roger Federer in their first meeting since the 2007 US Open. Isner began the year by teaming with Bethanie Mattek-Sands to win the mixed doubles Hopman Cup final for the United States, defeating Belgium's Justine Henin and Ruben Bemelmans. Following his win in Perth, Isner returned to Auckland to defend his ATP title at the 2011 Heineken Open. After a bye in his first round, the third seed faced Dutchman and world no. 52 Robin Haase. Isner defeated Haase to go through to the quarterfinals, where he was defeated by David Nalbandian in straight sets. Isner next played at the 2011 Australian Open He entered the tournament seeded 20th and received a tough draw, including Radek \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek, Marin \u010cili\u0107, and Rafael Nadal. Isner came up against French world no. 69 Florent Serra, whom he easily defeated. Isner then faced \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek in the second round where he would progress into the third round, rallying to ultimately win the match after losing the first set. He next faced fellow top 20 player Marin \u010cili\u0107. The match went to five sets, with \u010cili\u0107 emerging as the eventual winner. At the 2011 French Open, Isner was drawn against top seed and defending champion Rafael Nadal. Isner took a two-sets-to-one lead against Nadal, who had never played a five-set match at Roland Garros before. Nadal went on to win the title. In the 2011 Wimbledon men's singles draw, Isner was paired against Mahut in the first round, a rematch of the world's longest match from the previous year's tournament. Isner won in straight sets.", "2018 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles Roger Federer successfully defended his title, defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20137, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20131 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2018 Australian Open. It was Federer's 20th Grand Slam singles title and, at the time, record-equalling sixth Australian Open men's singles title (tied with Roy Emerson and Novak Djokovic). With the win, Federer became the first male player to win at least six titles at two Grand Slam tournaments (six at the Australian Open and eight at Wimbledon). Federer became the oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era since Ken Rosewall in 1972. The time span between Federer's first Grand slam win at Wimbledon and this latest, almost 15 years, is an Open era record in the men's singles field. This was also the 10th time that Federer has defended a Grand Slam title, with the previous time being at the 2008 US Open. \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian player to reach a singles final at the Australian Open. Federer and Rafael Nadal were in contention for the ATP no. 1 singles ranking at the start of the tournament. Nadal ensured he would retain the top ranking by reaching the fourth round. It was the first time since the 2011 Australian Open that Federer and Nadal were the top 2 seeds at a grand slam. This was the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon Championships that two unseeded players (Chung Hyeon and Kyle Edmund) reached the semifinals of the men's singles event at a Grand Slam tournament, and the first time at the Australian Open since 1999. Chung became the first South Korean player to reach the quarterfinals and semifinals of a Grand Slam event.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107."], "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#3", "question": "When did he win the singles title?", "rewrite": "When did Marin \u010cili\u0107 win a singles title?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost.", "Adrian Mannarino Adrian Mannarino (born 29 June 1988) is a French professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No. 43 in ATP singles rankings as of 30 September 2019. He has a career-high ATP singles rankings of world No. 22 attained on 19 March 2018. He won his first ATP Tour singles title in 2019 in Rosmalen on grass (he defeated Jordan Thompson in the final). He was the singles runner-up at seven ATP Tour tournaments held in Auckland, Bogot\u00e1, Antalya (2017), Tokyo, Antalya (2018), Moscow and Zhuhai (2019). Mannarino has achieved victories over five players ranked in the Top 10 of the ATP singles rankings; Marin \u010cili\u0107, Milos Raonic, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, Stan Wawrinka and Stefanos Tsitsipas. Mannarino made his Grand Slam singles debut at the 2007 French Open, where as a wild card, he lost in the first qualifying round to Marin \u010cili\u0107 in straight sets. Mannarino received a wild card for the singles main draw of his home Grand Slam tournament, the 2008 French Open, where he lost to Argentine qualifier Diego Junqueira in the first round in straight sets. He also received a wild card for the 2008 French Open men's doubles (it was his Grand Slam men's doubles debut), losing in the first round. Mannarino played at the 2008 Open de Moselle in France, entering the singles main draw as a qualifier; he reached the semifinals, defeating sixth seed Andreas Seppi in the first round, Rik de Voest in the second round, Marc Gicquel in the quarterfinals, before losing to Paul-Henri Mathieu in the semifinals  in two tiebreaks.", "Monfils earned his first ever 500 event singles title by defeating Croatian Ivo Karlovi\u0107 in the final in three sets on the hard courts of the Citi Open. Monfils the reached the semifinals of the Rogers Cup facing Novak Djokovic, to whom he lost to in straight sets, ending his career-best win streak of 9 consecutive matches. At the Rio Olympics, he reached the quarterfinals and lost to eventual Bronze medalist Kei Nishikori, despite having 3 match point chances in the deciding set. He then withdrew from this third round match at the Western & Southern Open. Monfils entered the US Open seeded 10th and reached the semifinals without dropping a set, eventually losing to Djokovic in four sets. Monfils then entered the Japan Open, reaching the semifinals and losing to eventual champion Nick Kyrgios. At the Shanghai Rolex Masters, he lost to David Goffin, and despite winning being a set and a break up. At the Stockholm Open, he was upset by Gast\u00e3o Elias in his opening match. On November 3, Marin \u010cili\u0107 occupied the seventh slot. Marin \u010cili\u0107 began his season with a quarterfinal showing at the Brisbane International losing to Dominic Thiem. He was then upset by Roberto Bautista Agut in the third round of the Australian Open. His struggle continues losing in the first round of Open Sud de France to Alexander Zverev and the quarterfinal of the Rotterdam Open to Philipp Kohlschreiber. He reached his first final of the year at the Open 13 but lost to Nick Kyrgios. \u010cili\u0107 next events were average losing in the first round of Abierto Mexicano Telcel to Ryan Harrison, quarterfinals of the Indian Wells Masters to David Goffin and third round of the Miami Masters to Gilles Simon.", "2018 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles Roger Federer successfully defended his title, defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the final, 6\u20132, 6\u20137, 6\u20133, 3\u20136, 6\u20131 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2018 Australian Open. It was Federer's 20th Grand Slam singles title and, at the time, record-equalling sixth Australian Open men's singles title (tied with Roy Emerson and Novak Djokovic). With the win, Federer became the first male player to win at least six titles at two Grand Slam tournaments (six at the Australian Open and eight at Wimbledon). Federer became the oldest man to win a Grand Slam singles title in the Open era since Ken Rosewall in 1972. The time span between Federer's first Grand slam win at Wimbledon and this latest, almost 15 years, is an Open era record in the men's singles field. This was also the 10th time that Federer has defended a Grand Slam title, with the previous time being at the 2008 US Open. \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian player to reach a singles final at the Australian Open. Federer and Rafael Nadal were in contention for the ATP no. 1 singles ranking at the start of the tournament. Nadal ensured he would retain the top ranking by reaching the fourth round. It was the first time since the 2011 Australian Open that Federer and Nadal were the top 2 seeds at a grand slam. This was the first time since the 2008 Wimbledon Championships that two unseeded players (Chung Hyeon and Kyle Edmund) reached the semifinals of the men's singles event at a Grand Slam tournament, and the first time at the Australian Open since 1999. Chung became the first South Korean player to reach the quarterfinals and semifinals of a Grand Slam event.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107."], "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#4", "question": "Was this the only Olympics he took part in?", "rewrite": "Was 2008 Olympics the only OlympicsMarin \u010cili\u0107 took part in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\u010cili\u0107 won his first title of the year, defending his title at the Zagreb Indoors against Tommy Haas, followed by recording victories over Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Andy Murray to reach the final in ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament, where he ultimately lost to Tomas Berdych. He reached his third final in as many weeks in Delray Beach, defeating Kevin Anderson in the final to win the 11th Tour title of his career. \u010cili\u0107 made the third round at the French Open, losing to eventual runner-up Novak Djokovic in four sets. After a first round loss at Aegon Championships, \u010cili\u0107 rebounded to make his first Grand Slam quarterfinal since 2012 at Wimbledon, and despite taking a two sets to one lead against Djokovic, he ultimately lost to the eventual champion in five. After consecutive third round losses in Rogers Cup and Western & Southern Open, \u010cili\u0107 went on to win his maiden Grand Slam title, defeating Kei Nishikori in the final in straight sets to win the 2014 US Open men's singles title. This launched him into the top 10 for the first time since 2010, achieving a career high ranking of world number 8 in October following the Shanghai Rolex Masters. \u010cili\u0107 won his fourth title of the year at the Kremlin Cup defeating Roberto Bautista Agut. This is the first time \u010cili\u0107 has ever qualified for the season finale. On 30 October, Andy Murray was announced as the sixth qualifier, following his win over Grigor Dimitrov in Paris. Andy Murray began the year in Qatar ExxonMobil Open, in his first tournament since returning from back surgery at the end of the previous season losing to Florian Mayer in the second round. At the Australian Open, Murray reached the quarterfinals where he faced Roger Federer, losing in four sets.", "His struggle continued when he lost back-to-back matches in the second rounds of the Indian Wells Masters to Taylor Fritz and Miami Masters to Jeremy Chardy. His losing streak ended when he reached the quarterfinals of the Monte Carlo Rolex Masters losing to Albert Ramos Vi\u00f1olas. \u010cili\u0107 then won the title at the Istanbul Open, defeating Milos Raonic in the final, in straight sets. Despite this, at the Mutua Madrid Open he lost in the second round to Alexander Zverev. At the Italian Open, he fell to John Isner in the quarterfinals. \u010cili\u0107 reached the quarterfinal of the French Open for the first time in his career and thus became one of the few tennis players who reached the quarterfinal stage of every Grand Slam. However, he lost to Stan Wawrinka in this round. In the grass season, he began at the Queen's Club Championships, Marin made the final for the third time in his career, facing Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the final, losing in three sets, after having a championship point in the final-set tiebreaker. At Wimbledon Championships, \u010cili\u0107 reached his maiden Wimbledon final, where he lost to Roger Federer in straight sets, he was suffering from a blister. An adductor injury forced \u010cili\u0107 to miss the Canadian Open and the Cincinnati Masters. \u010cili\u0107 returned to play at the US Open where he lost to Diego Schwartzman in the third round. In October, \u010cili\u0107 reached the semifinals of the Japan Open, Shanghai Rolex Masters and Swiss Indoors losing to Adrian Mannarino, Nadal and Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro, respectively. He then reached quarterfinals of the final regular event of the year the Rolex Paris Masters losing to Julien Benneteau Grigor Dimitrov had a flying start to the season winning the Brisbane International overcoming world No. 5", "Midway through 2012, \u010cili\u0107 claimed his first career singles titles on grass and clay respectively after a default over David Nalbandian in the final of the Queen's Club Championships and a straight sets victory over Marcel Granollers in the final of the ATP Studena Croatia Open before reaching his third grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open, where he lost to the eventual champion, Andy Murray after leading by a set and 5\u20131. In July 2014, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first quarterfinal at the Wimbledon Championships, defeating 2010 runner-up Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych en route before losing in five sets to the top seed and eventual champion, Novak Djokovic. In September, \u010cili\u0107 recorded the third hundred singles win of his career by winning his first grand slam singles title at the US Open, defeating five-time champion, Roger Federer en route and fellow first time grand slam finalist, Kei Nishikori in the final. In doing so, he became the first Croatian player to win a major since his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and the first player outside of the top ten to win the last grand slam of the year since Pete Sampras in 2002. \u010cili\u0107 also joined Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro and Stanislas Wawrinka as the only players outside of the Big Four to have won a grand slam since 2005. In 2016, \u010cili\u0107 won his first Masters 1000 title in Cincinnati, becoming only the second tennis player outside of the Big Four to win both a Major and a Masters title in the last decade, the other player being Stan Wawrinka. He followed this up with his first ATP 500 victory at the Swiss Indoors.", "In the second round, he faced Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro, a player who won his last two meetings against Federer at the 2009 US Open final and the 2009 ATP World Tour Finals. Federer defeated del Potro in a highly anticipated match. He then defeated James Blake, who had defeated him in the quarterfinals of the 2008 Summer Olympics in the next round. He faced Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych, who had defeated him in the quarterfinals of the 2010 Wimbledon Championships and had won two out of their last three meetings, in the quarterfinals. After a shaky start and a plethora of unforced errors, Federer lost the match, hence losing the chance to defend his title. Federer next participated in the 2011 US Open, where he finished last year as a semifinalist after a momentous loss to Djokovic. He started off in the first round with a solid win against Santiago Giraldo, and breezed past Dudi Sela in straight sets. He next faced 27th-seeded Marin \u010cili\u0107, his first major challenge in the tournament. After winning the first set and dropping the second after \u010cili\u0107 took a break in the otherwise tight set, Federer cruised through the remainder of the match and defeated \u010cili\u0107. He cruised past Argentina's Juan M\u00f3naco in a late-night match in straight sets, dropping only three games during his victory. He was set up to meet Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, against whom he had a 2\u20132 record that season and who had defeated him in a close five-set quarterfinals match at Wimbledon in their last Grand Slam meeting. Federer went through the first two sets rather smoothly and held a resurgent Tsonga at bay in the third, defeating him in straight sets.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he win the singles title?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#5", "question": "Who did he compete against in the Olympics other than Juan?", "rewrite": "Who did Marin \u010cili\u0107 compete against in the Olympics other than Juan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Monfils earned his first ever 500 event singles title by defeating Croatian Ivo Karlovi\u0107 in the final in three sets on the hard courts of the Citi Open. Monfils the reached the semifinals of the Rogers Cup facing Novak Djokovic, to whom he lost to in straight sets, ending his career-best win streak of 9 consecutive matches. At the Rio Olympics, he reached the quarterfinals and lost to eventual Bronze medalist Kei Nishikori, despite having 3 match point chances in the deciding set. He then withdrew from this third round match at the Western & Southern Open. Monfils entered the US Open seeded 10th and reached the semifinals without dropping a set, eventually losing to Djokovic in four sets. Monfils then entered the Japan Open, reaching the semifinals and losing to eventual champion Nick Kyrgios. At the Shanghai Rolex Masters, he lost to David Goffin, and despite winning being a set and a break up. At the Stockholm Open, he was upset by Gast\u00e3o Elias in his opening match. On November 3, Marin \u010cili\u0107 occupied the seventh slot. Marin \u010cili\u0107 began his season with a quarterfinal showing at the Brisbane International losing to Dominic Thiem. He was then upset by Roberto Bautista Agut in the third round of the Australian Open. His struggle continues losing in the first round of Open Sud de France to Alexander Zverev and the quarterfinal of the Rotterdam Open to Philipp Kohlschreiber. He reached his first final of the year at the Open 13 but lost to Nick Kyrgios. \u010cili\u0107 next events were average losing in the first round of Abierto Mexicano Telcel to Ryan Harrison, quarterfinals of the Indian Wells Masters to David Goffin and third round of the Miami Masters to Gilles Simon.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107.", "However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches.", "He made a comeback in Wimbledon, reaching the fourth round for the first time in his career. He was ousted by eventual semi-finalist Tomas Berdych. Thiem then participated in the Citi Open, where he lost narrowly to Kevin Anderson in the third round. At the Rogers Cup, he received a bye into the second round, but lost to Diego Schwartzman. He then reached the quarter-finals of the Western & Southern Open, where he lost to David Ferrer in straight sets. At the US Open, Thiem made it to the fourth round but lost to Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro after winning the first two sets and failing to capitalize on two match points in the fourth set. Thiem Asian swing was a disaster, when he failed to win a match, losing in his opening matches of the Chengdu Open, Japan Open and Shanghai Rolex Masters against Guido Pella, Steve Johnson and Viktor Troicki respectively. He then lost his second match in both the Erste Bank Open and Rolex Paris Masters to Richard Gasquet and Fernando Verdasco respectively. On October 24, Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Grigor Dimitrov occupied the next two slots. Marin \u010cili\u0107 started his 2017 season as first seed at the Chennai Open but lost to Jozef Koval\u00edk in the second round. In the first major of the year, the Australian Open, \u010cili\u0107 lost in the second round to Dan Evans. His bad start continued when he lost in the second round to Dustin Brown at the Open Sud de France. However, he was able compile decent results for reaching the quarterfinals of the Rotterdam Open losing to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and the semifinals of Abierto Mexicano Telcel losing to Rafael Nadal.", "He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost."], "answer": {"text": "before losing to Fernando Gonzalez.", "answer_start": 775}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he win the singles title?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only Olympics he took part in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#6", "question": "What did he place?", "rewrite": "What did Marin \u010cili\u0107 place in the Olympics?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches.", "He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107.", "He then competed at the Rogers Cup, where he reached the semifinals, but once again lost to Tsitsipas. At the Western & Southern Open, he lost in the third round to David Goffin. At the US Open, being the defending finalist, he faced Dominic Thiem in the fourth round and lost in straight sets. In the Asian swing, he reached back-to-back quarterfinals at the Japan Open and Shanghai Rolex Masters, losing to Richard Gasquet and Djokovic, respectively. He claimed his second title of the year and his biggest in his career so far at the Erste Bank Open, defeating Kei Nishikori in the final. In the final Masters event of the year, Rolex Paris Masters, he had a rematch against Nishikori in the third round but this time he lost in straight sets. On November 2, following the quarterfinal results in the Paris Masters, Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Dominic Thiem qualified for the event. Marin \u010cili\u0107 began the year at the Maharashtra Open reaching the semifinals before losing to Gilles Simon. At the Australian Open, he defeated Rafael Nadal in the quarterfinals, his first win over Nadal since 2009 and his second win over a current world no. 1. He reached his third slam final, but lost to Roger Federer in five sets, despite this he reached a new career high ranking of number 3 in the world. However, he wasn't able to sustain this form, losing early in his next events in the second round of the Rio Open to Ga\u00ebl Monfils, third round of Indian Wells Masters to Philipp Kohlschreiber and fourth round of the Miami Masters to John Isner. \u010cili\u0107 then reached the quarterfinals of the Monte-Carlo Masters losing to Kei Nishikori in three sets.", "Monfils earned his first ever 500 event singles title by defeating Croatian Ivo Karlovi\u0107 in the final in three sets on the hard courts of the Citi Open. Monfils the reached the semifinals of the Rogers Cup facing Novak Djokovic, to whom he lost to in straight sets, ending his career-best win streak of 9 consecutive matches. At the Rio Olympics, he reached the quarterfinals and lost to eventual Bronze medalist Kei Nishikori, despite having 3 match point chances in the deciding set. He then withdrew from this third round match at the Western & Southern Open. Monfils entered the US Open seeded 10th and reached the semifinals without dropping a set, eventually losing to Djokovic in four sets. Monfils then entered the Japan Open, reaching the semifinals and losing to eventual champion Nick Kyrgios. At the Shanghai Rolex Masters, he lost to David Goffin, and despite winning being a set and a break up. At the Stockholm Open, he was upset by Gast\u00e3o Elias in his opening match. On November 3, Marin \u010cili\u0107 occupied the seventh slot. Marin \u010cili\u0107 began his season with a quarterfinal showing at the Brisbane International losing to Dominic Thiem. He was then upset by Roberto Bautista Agut in the third round of the Australian Open. His struggle continues losing in the first round of Open Sud de France to Alexander Zverev and the quarterfinal of the Rotterdam Open to Philipp Kohlschreiber. He reached his first final of the year at the Open 13 but lost to Nick Kyrgios. \u010cili\u0107 next events were average losing in the first round of Abierto Mexicano Telcel to Ryan Harrison, quarterfinals of the Indian Wells Masters to David Goffin and third round of the Miami Masters to Gilles Simon."], "answer": {"text": "He lost in straight sets to Arnaud Clement.", "answer_start": 811}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he win the singles title?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only Olympics he took part in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he compete against in the Olympics other than Juan?", "answer": {"text": "before losing to Fernando Gonzalez.", "answer_start": 775, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#7", "question": "Did he win any medals or titles?", "rewrite": "Did Marin \u010cili\u0107 win any medals or titles?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost.", "He then competed at the Rogers Cup, where he reached the semifinals, but once again lost to Tsitsipas. At the Western & Southern Open, he lost in the third round to David Goffin. At the US Open, being the defending finalist, he faced Dominic Thiem in the fourth round and lost in straight sets. In the Asian swing, he reached back-to-back quarterfinals at the Japan Open and Shanghai Rolex Masters, losing to Richard Gasquet and Djokovic, respectively. He claimed his second title of the year and his biggest in his career so far at the Erste Bank Open, defeating Kei Nishikori in the final. In the final Masters event of the year, Rolex Paris Masters, he had a rematch against Nishikori in the third round but this time he lost in straight sets. On November 2, following the quarterfinal results in the Paris Masters, Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Dominic Thiem qualified for the event. Marin \u010cili\u0107 began the year at the Maharashtra Open reaching the semifinals before losing to Gilles Simon. At the Australian Open, he defeated Rafael Nadal in the quarterfinals, his first win over Nadal since 2009 and his second win over a current world no. 1. He reached his third slam final, but lost to Roger Federer in five sets, despite this he reached a new career high ranking of number 3 in the world. However, he wasn't able to sustain this form, losing early in his next events in the second round of the Rio Open to Ga\u00ebl Monfils, third round of Indian Wells Masters to Philipp Kohlschreiber and fourth round of the Miami Masters to John Isner. \u010cili\u0107 then reached the quarterfinals of the Monte-Carlo Masters losing to Kei Nishikori in three sets.", "However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107.", "where, unseeded, he made it to the second round, losing to world no. 3 and reigning Australian Open champion Roger Federer in their first meeting since the 2007 US Open. Isner began the year by teaming with Bethanie Mattek-Sands to win the mixed doubles Hopman Cup final for the United States, defeating Belgium's Justine Henin and Ruben Bemelmans. Following his win in Perth, Isner returned to Auckland to defend his ATP title at the 2011 Heineken Open. After a bye in his first round, the third seed faced Dutchman and world no. 52 Robin Haase. Isner defeated Haase to go through to the quarterfinals, where he was defeated by David Nalbandian in straight sets. Isner next played at the 2011 Australian Open He entered the tournament seeded 20th and received a tough draw, including Radek \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek, Marin \u010cili\u0107, and Rafael Nadal. Isner came up against French world no. 69 Florent Serra, whom he easily defeated. Isner then faced \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek in the second round where he would progress into the third round, rallying to ultimately win the match after losing the first set. He next faced fellow top 20 player Marin \u010cili\u0107. The match went to five sets, with \u010cili\u0107 emerging as the eventual winner. At the 2011 French Open, Isner was drawn against top seed and defending champion Rafael Nadal. Isner took a two-sets-to-one lead against Nadal, who had never played a five-set match at Roland Garros before. Nadal went on to win the title. In the 2011 Wimbledon men's singles draw, Isner was paired against Mahut in the first round, a rematch of the world's longest match from the previous year's tournament. Isner won in straight sets."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he win the singles title?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only Olympics he took part in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he compete against in the Olympics other than Juan?", "answer": {"text": "before losing to Fernando Gonzalez.", "answer_start": 775, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he place?", "answer": {"text": "He lost in straight sets to Arnaud Clement.", "answer_start": 811, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#8", "question": "Is there anything else of note in the article?", "rewrite": "Is there anything else of note in the article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Monfils earned his first ever 500 event singles title by defeating Croatian Ivo Karlovi\u0107 in the final in three sets on the hard courts of the Citi Open. Monfils the reached the semifinals of the Rogers Cup facing Novak Djokovic, to whom he lost to in straight sets, ending his career-best win streak of 9 consecutive matches. At the Rio Olympics, he reached the quarterfinals and lost to eventual Bronze medalist Kei Nishikori, despite having 3 match point chances in the deciding set. He then withdrew from this third round match at the Western & Southern Open. Monfils entered the US Open seeded 10th and reached the semifinals without dropping a set, eventually losing to Djokovic in four sets. Monfils then entered the Japan Open, reaching the semifinals and losing to eventual champion Nick Kyrgios. At the Shanghai Rolex Masters, he lost to David Goffin, and despite winning being a set and a break up. At the Stockholm Open, he was upset by Gast\u00e3o Elias in his opening match. On November 3, Marin \u010cili\u0107 occupied the seventh slot. Marin \u010cili\u0107 began his season with a quarterfinal showing at the Brisbane International losing to Dominic Thiem. He was then upset by Roberto Bautista Agut in the third round of the Australian Open. His struggle continues losing in the first round of Open Sud de France to Alexander Zverev and the quarterfinal of the Rotterdam Open to Philipp Kohlschreiber. He reached his first final of the year at the Open 13 but lost to Nick Kyrgios. \u010cili\u0107 next events were average losing in the first round of Abierto Mexicano Telcel to Ryan Harrison, quarterfinals of the Indian Wells Masters to David Goffin and third round of the Miami Masters to Gilles Simon.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107.", "He made a comeback in Wimbledon, reaching the fourth round for the first time in his career. He was ousted by eventual semi-finalist Tomas Berdych. Thiem then participated in the Citi Open, where he lost narrowly to Kevin Anderson in the third round. At the Rogers Cup, he received a bye into the second round, but lost to Diego Schwartzman. He then reached the quarter-finals of the Western & Southern Open, where he lost to David Ferrer in straight sets. At the US Open, Thiem made it to the fourth round but lost to Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro after winning the first two sets and failing to capitalize on two match points in the fourth set. Thiem Asian swing was a disaster, when he failed to win a match, losing in his opening matches of the Chengdu Open, Japan Open and Shanghai Rolex Masters against Guido Pella, Steve Johnson and Viktor Troicki respectively. He then lost his second match in both the Erste Bank Open and Rolex Paris Masters to Richard Gasquet and Fernando Verdasco respectively. On October 24, Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Grigor Dimitrov occupied the next two slots. Marin \u010cili\u0107 started his 2017 season as first seed at the Chennai Open but lost to Jozef Koval\u00edk in the second round. In the first major of the year, the Australian Open, \u010cili\u0107 lost in the second round to Dan Evans. His bad start continued when he lost in the second round to Dustin Brown at the Open Sud de France. However, he was able compile decent results for reaching the quarterfinals of the Rotterdam Open losing to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and the semifinals of Abierto Mexicano Telcel losing to Rafael Nadal.", "However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches.", "He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost."], "answer": {"text": "Cilic played the Pilot Pen Tennis tournament in New Haven, Connecticut, where he won his first ATP title.", "answer_start": 1067}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he win the singles title?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only Olympics he took part in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he compete against in the Olympics other than Juan?", "answer": {"text": "before losing to Fernando Gonzalez.", "answer_start": 775, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he place?", "answer": {"text": "He lost in straight sets to Arnaud Clement.", "answer_start": 811, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any medals or titles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#9", "question": "Who did he compete against?", "rewrite": "Who did Marin \u010cili\u0107 compete against in olymbics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["where, unseeded, he made it to the second round, losing to world no. 3 and reigning Australian Open champion Roger Federer in their first meeting since the 2007 US Open. Isner began the year by teaming with Bethanie Mattek-Sands to win the mixed doubles Hopman Cup final for the United States, defeating Belgium's Justine Henin and Ruben Bemelmans. Following his win in Perth, Isner returned to Auckland to defend his ATP title at the 2011 Heineken Open. After a bye in his first round, the third seed faced Dutchman and world no. 52 Robin Haase. Isner defeated Haase to go through to the quarterfinals, where he was defeated by David Nalbandian in straight sets. Isner next played at the 2011 Australian Open He entered the tournament seeded 20th and received a tough draw, including Radek \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek, Marin \u010cili\u0107, and Rafael Nadal. Isner came up against French world no. 69 Florent Serra, whom he easily defeated. Isner then faced \u0160t\u011bp\u00e1nek in the second round where he would progress into the third round, rallying to ultimately win the match after losing the first set. He next faced fellow top 20 player Marin \u010cili\u0107. The match went to five sets, with \u010cili\u0107 emerging as the eventual winner. At the 2011 French Open, Isner was drawn against top seed and defending champion Rafael Nadal. Isner took a two-sets-to-one lead against Nadal, who had never played a five-set match at Roland Garros before. Nadal went on to win the title. In the 2011 Wimbledon men's singles draw, Isner was paired against Mahut in the first round, a rematch of the world's longest match from the previous year's tournament. Isner won in straight sets.", "However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches.", "He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost.", "He took on the World number 1, from Serbia, Novak Djokovi\u0107. Agut's tournament finished with a four-set defeat. Despite losing, Agut did manage to repeat his best performance in New York for a second consecutive year. He then played in the St. Petersburg Open where he was the fourth seed. He lost in the semi-finals to second seed Milo\u0161 Raoni\u0107. He was the second seed in the Kremlin Cup in Moscow. In a repeat of the previous years final, he lost against Marin \u010cili\u0107 by the same scoreline (4\u20136, 4\u20136) as the 2014 final. He was the seventh seed in the 2015 Valencia Open. With most of the seeds falling early, it was a shock draw with Agut being the only seeded player remaining by the semifinals. Agut reached the final where he led by a set and a break against Jo\u00e3o Sousa but failed to consolidate, going on to lose the match, which was the story of his 2015 season in tournament decisive matches. At the end of 2015, Agut finished outside the top 20 with a ranking of 25. In the 2016 ASB Classic Agut knocked out defending Champion Jiri Vesely, third seeded American John Isner and second seeded Frenchman Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, his first top ten scalp in two years, on his way to the final where he took on talented American Jack Sock. Roberto was crowned champion after the American retired in the second set. In the 2016 Australian Open Agut was seeded 24th. After defeating Martin Kli\u017ean and Du\u0161an Lajovi\u0107, Agut took on 12th seed Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the third round. Agut earned his first ever win over \u010cili\u0107 in a shock straight-sets result setting up a match-up with the sixth seed, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107."], "answer": {"text": "He defeated Viktor Troicki, Jurgen Melzer, and Igor Andreev", "answer_start": 1173}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he win the singles title?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only Olympics he took part in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he compete against in the Olympics other than Juan?", "answer": {"text": "before losing to Fernando Gonzalez.", "answer_start": 775, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he place?", "answer": {"text": "He lost in straight sets to Arnaud Clement.", "answer_start": 811, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any medals or titles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else of note in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic played the Pilot Pen Tennis tournament in New Haven, Connecticut, where he won his first ATP title.", "answer_start": 1067, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_589bea3cde9542219f9f0cf1711c8314_1_q#10", "question": "Was there any controversy during this time?", "rewrite": "Was there any controversy during the Olympics participation of  Marin \u010cili\u0107?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Monfils earned his first ever 500 event singles title by defeating Croatian Ivo Karlovi\u0107 in the final in three sets on the hard courts of the Citi Open. Monfils the reached the semifinals of the Rogers Cup facing Novak Djokovic, to whom he lost to in straight sets, ending his career-best win streak of 9 consecutive matches. At the Rio Olympics, he reached the quarterfinals and lost to eventual Bronze medalist Kei Nishikori, despite having 3 match point chances in the deciding set. He then withdrew from this third round match at the Western & Southern Open. Monfils entered the US Open seeded 10th and reached the semifinals without dropping a set, eventually losing to Djokovic in four sets. Monfils then entered the Japan Open, reaching the semifinals and losing to eventual champion Nick Kyrgios. At the Shanghai Rolex Masters, he lost to David Goffin, and despite winning being a set and a break up. At the Stockholm Open, he was upset by Gast\u00e3o Elias in his opening match. On November 3, Marin \u010cili\u0107 occupied the seventh slot. Marin \u010cili\u0107 began his season with a quarterfinal showing at the Brisbane International losing to Dominic Thiem. He was then upset by Roberto Bautista Agut in the third round of the Australian Open. His struggle continues losing in the first round of Open Sud de France to Alexander Zverev and the quarterfinal of the Rotterdam Open to Philipp Kohlschreiber. He reached his first final of the year at the Open 13 but lost to Nick Kyrgios. \u010cili\u0107 next events were average losing in the first round of Abierto Mexicano Telcel to Ryan Harrison, quarterfinals of the Indian Wells Masters to David Goffin and third round of the Miami Masters to Gilles Simon.", "He made a comeback in Wimbledon, reaching the fourth round for the first time in his career. He was ousted by eventual semi-finalist Tomas Berdych. Thiem then participated in the Citi Open, where he lost narrowly to Kevin Anderson in the third round. At the Rogers Cup, he received a bye into the second round, but lost to Diego Schwartzman. He then reached the quarter-finals of the Western & Southern Open, where he lost to David Ferrer in straight sets. At the US Open, Thiem made it to the fourth round but lost to Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro after winning the first two sets and failing to capitalize on two match points in the fourth set. Thiem Asian swing was a disaster, when he failed to win a match, losing in his opening matches of the Chengdu Open, Japan Open and Shanghai Rolex Masters against Guido Pella, Steve Johnson and Viktor Troicki respectively. He then lost his second match in both the Erste Bank Open and Rolex Paris Masters to Richard Gasquet and Fernando Verdasco respectively. On October 24, Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Grigor Dimitrov occupied the next two slots. Marin \u010cili\u0107 started his 2017 season as first seed at the Chennai Open but lost to Jozef Koval\u00edk in the second round. In the first major of the year, the Australian Open, \u010cili\u0107 lost in the second round to Dan Evans. His bad start continued when he lost in the second round to Dustin Brown at the Open Sud de France. However, he was able compile decent results for reaching the quarterfinals of the Rotterdam Open losing to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and the semifinals of Abierto Mexicano Telcel losing to Rafael Nadal.", "Marin \u010cili\u0107 career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Croatian professional tennis player Marin \u010cili\u0107. To date, \u010cili\u0107 has won 18 ATP singles titles including one grand slam singles title at the 2014 US Open, one ATP Masters 1000 title at the 2016 Western & Southern Open and a record four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors. Other highlights of \u010cili\u0107's career thus far include finals at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships and 2018 Australian Open. \u010cili\u0107 achieved a career high singles ranking of World No. 3 on 29 January 2018. In August 2008, \u010cili\u0107 reached his first career singles final at the Pilot Pen Tennis event in New Haven, where he defeated Mardy Fish in three sets to win his first ATP singles title. The following year, \u010cili\u0107 claimed the first of his four titles at the PBZ Zagreb Indoors with a straight sets victory over his compatriot Mario An\u010di\u0107 in the final before advancing to his first grand slam quarterfinal at the US Open after a straight sets win over then World No. 2 Andy Murray before losing to the eventual champion, Juan Mart\u00edn del Potro in four sets after leading by a set and a break. However, \u010cili\u0107 avenged his defeat to Del Potro at the 2010 Australian Open, where he defeated the Argentine en route to his first grand slam semi-final where he lost to the eventual runner-up, Andy Murray despite winning the first set. By reaching this stage of the event, \u010cili\u0107 became the first Croatian to reach the Australian Open semi-finals and also entered the top ten of the ATP Rankings for the first time in his career, thus becoming just the fourth player from his country to do so after his coach, Goran Ivani\u0161evi\u0107 and his compatriots, Ivan Ljubi\u010di\u0107 and Mario An\u010di\u0107.", "He won his first rubber against Ivo Karlovi\u0107 and then demolished Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the reverse singles. He continued his clay-court season at the Estoril Open, where he was the defending champion and the top seed. He did not drop a set en route to the finals, where he beat Frenchman Richard Gasquet in straight sets in the final to collect his 11th ATP World Tour title. He next competed in the Madrid Masters as the twelfth seed and defeated Florian Mayer, Mikhail Youzhny, Marin \u010cili\u0107, Alexandr Dolgopolov, but lost to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the semifinals. Del Potro played at the second Grand Slam of the year, the French Open, where he was seeded ninth. Del Potro defeated Albert Monta\u00f1\u00e9s, \u00c9douard Roger-Vasselin and Marin \u010cili\u0107. He defeated seventh seed Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych before losing to Roger Federer in the quarterfinals in five sets, after being up two sets to love. At Wimbledon, del Potro beat Robin Haase, Go Soeda, and Kei Nishikori, before losing to David Ferrer in the fourth round. At the Olympic Games, del Potro faced Roger Federer in the semifinals, which resulted in the longest \"best of three sets\" tennis match by duration in history, lasting four hours and 26 minutes, half an hour longer than the previous record holder, a Milos Raonic \u2013 Jo -Wilfried Tsonga match that took place three days earlier ; the final set took two hours and 43 minutes. Del Potro lost the match, 6\u20133, 6\u20137, 17\u201319. Less than two hours after this marathon, del Potro took to the tennis court again with Gisela Dulko for their quarterfinal mixed doubles match against Lisa Raymond and Mike Bryan, which they lost.", "However, in the fourth round, Djokovic dropped the first two sets before coming back to beat Kevin Anderson in five. He then went on to beat Marin \u010cili\u0107 and Richard Gasquet in straight sets to meet Roger Federer in the final, a repeat of last year's final. Djokovic would again prevail in 4 sets, giving him his 9th major and second major of the year, the first time winning multiple majors in a calendar year since 2011. At the US Open, Djokovic reached the finals by beating Feliciano L\u00f3pez in the quarters. In the semis he thrashed Marin \u010cili\u0107, losing only three games in the entire match. In the finals he managed to trump Roger Federer in a four setter to win the title. Djokovic knocked out the defending champion of every major other than Wimbledon, where he was reigning champion and knocked out 2014's runner up. Djokovic began the year with a warm-up tournament at the World Tennis Championship, but later withdrew from his final against Andy Murray. He then began his season in Doha, Qatar. Djokovic's next tournament is the 2015 Dubai Tennis Championships in late February where he reached the semifinals in 2014 losing to Roger Federer. Djokovic however lost to Federer 3\u20136, 5\u20137. He met Federer again in the final of the 2015 BNP Paribas Open at Indian Wells and won in three sets. Djokovic then competed in the 2015 Miami Open and won the tournament for the fifth time after defeating Andy Murray in the final in three sets. In the clay season, Djokovic competed in the 2015 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters and won the tournament for the second time after defeating Marin \u010cili\u0107 in the quarterfinals, Rafael Nadal in the semi-finals, and Tom\u00e1\u0161 Berdych in the final, thus extending his winning streak to 17 matches."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the participation of Marin \u010cili\u0107 in olymbics??", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, Cilic reached the semifinals at the Chennai Open,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic made it to the fourth round of the 2008 Australian Open,", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win?", "answer": {"text": "beating Jarkko Nieminen in five sets in the second round and knocking-out fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu.", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he win the singles title?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2008 Olympics, he reached the second round of the men's singles, beating Juan Monaco", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only Olympics he took part in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he compete against in the Olympics other than Juan?", "answer": {"text": "before losing to Fernando Gonzalez.", "answer_start": 775, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he place?", "answer": {"text": "He lost in straight sets to Arnaud Clement.", "answer_start": 811, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any medals or titles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else of note in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Cilic played the Pilot Pen Tennis tournament in New Haven, Connecticut, where he won his first ATP title.", "answer_start": 1067, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he compete against?", "answer": {"text": "He defeated Viktor Troicki, Jurgen Melzer, and Igor Andreev", "answer_start": 1173, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b2f3c0a25b34234acd42ed080132a1a_1_q#0", "question": "When was Duncan Hunter first elected?", "rewrite": "When was Duncan Hunter first elected?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lanarkshire Express Cup winners Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter Lanarkshire Cup winners Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter Lanarkshire Cup winners Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter Lanarkshire Cup winners Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter Lanarkshire Cup winners Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter Lanarkshire Cup winners Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter  Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter  Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter  Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter  Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter  Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter  Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter  League was suspended on 2 September 1939, amid the gathering clouds of war. Britain declared war the following day. Suspended due to the outbreak of World War II, Scottish War Emergency Cup replaced it; Motherwell reached the Semi-finals. Lanarkshire Cup winners Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter First Round Dumbarton win 5-2 on aggregate Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter First Round Motherwell win 4-3 on aggregate <br> <br> Second Round Motherwell win 4-2 on aggregate <br> <br> Semi-final Manager : John 'Sailor' Hunter First Round Glasgow Celtic win 5-4 on aggregate Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter First Round Motherwell win 9-2 on aggregate< br> <br> Second Round Motherwell win 7-2 on aggregate< br> <br> Semi-final  Final Manager: John 'Sailor' Hunter   Graham Barnstaple and Keith Brown (2004). \" 'Well Again! The Official History of Motherwell Football Club 1886-2004\". Yore Publications. < br> Alex Smith (2003). \"Motherwell: Champions of Scotland 1931-32\". Desert Island Books.", "The events that followed Camarena's disappearance were chronicled in U.S. media, exposing the world of drug trafficking including how far drug traffickers would go to maintain power and control. After the men were found murdered, citizens in Camarena's hometown of Calexico, California donned red ribbons in his honor. The red ribbon became their symbol for prevention in order to reduce the demand of illegal drugs. California Congressman Duncan Hunter and teacher David Dhillon launched \"Camarena Clubs\" in California high schools. In 1986, club members presented a proclamation to Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, who had initiated nationwide anti-drug programs. The following year, parent-teacher organizations in California, Illinois, and Virginia wore the red ribbons in late October and November. In 1988, the first National Red Ribbon Week was organized by the National Family Partnership (NFP), proclaimed by the U.S. Congress and chaired by Nancy Reagan. Henry Lozano, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps in 2007-2008, helped to launch Red Ribbon Week in 1985. In 1985, Lozano, along with the Californian's for Drug-Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique \"Kiki\" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillo, Lozano helped to promote \"Camarena Clubs\" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort.", "Duncan Hunter 2008 presidential campaign The Duncan Hunter presidential campaign, 2008 began when fourteen-term Congressman and Vietnam War veteran Duncan Hunter of California announced his intentions to run for the 2008 Republican nomination for President of the United States in January 2007. In the campaign, Hunter emphasized his conservative credentials, focusing on the issues of border security, the War on Terrorism, and trade. Throughout 2007, he was in the second tier of Republican candidates, consistently receiving three percent or less support among Republicans in national polls. However, the campaign reached a high point after Hunter won the Texas Straw Poll. Though he qualified for one National Convention delegate at the Wyoming caucuses, Hunter dropped out of the race in January 2008, following a poor turnout in the Nevada caucuses. Hunter served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He was awarded a Bronze Star, an Air Medal, and the Vietnam Service Medal for his efforts on the battlefield. Upon his return home, Hunter pursued a career in law and was admitted to the bar in 1976. Four years later, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican in the Reagan Revolution. At the onset of the 2008 campaign, Hunter had served in Congress since 1981; representing California's 42nd (1981\u201383), 45th (1983-93), and 52nd (since 1993) congressional districts. During his tenure, he boasted a 92% lifetime rating from the American Conservative Union (ACU). Some of his successes included the passage of legislation leading to the construction of the 14-mile double-fence from the Pacific Ocean to Otay Mesa along the U.S.-Mexico border. He also helped pass the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which provided for the construction of an additional 670 miles of fence. As a member of the House Armed Services Committee, Hunter pushed for increased military spending and advancements in military technology.", "Candidates were allowed to participate if they meet one of three criteria, \"place first through fourth in Iowa, poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major New Hampshire surveys, or poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major national surveys.\" Thus, ABC News eliminated Republican Duncan Hunter. ABC said the rules were quite inclusive, and that none of the candidates objected ahead of time. \"In previous debates where the stage was more crowded you had to make sure all of the candidates got equal time,\" said David Chalian, ABC News political director. \"Here you will have more time to go in depth on the issues.\" A brunch forum housed by Chris Wallace with presidential candidates, originally to be sponsored by the New Hampshire Republican Party, was planned for broadcast on Fox News. Candidates Ron Paul and Duncan Hunter were excluded by Fox News, though Paul got 10 percent of the Iowa vote while Giuliani, who was invited, got just 3 percent. Fox News said they had only enough room for \"so many candidates.\" New Hampshire Republican Party chair Fergus Cullen said on December 31, \"Limiting the number of candidates who are invited to participate in debates is not consistent with the tradition of the first in the nation primary. The level playing field requires that all candidates be given an equal opportunity to participate\u2013-not just a select few determined by the media prior to any votes being cast.\" On January 5, following Fox News' continued refusal to allow a fair debate format, the New Hampshire Republican Party withdrew their sponsorship. Jay Leno invited Ron Paul to be a guest on the January 7 Tonight Show specifically because he felt Paul's exclusion was \"unfair.\" In a post-debate analysis by Fox News, Mitt Romney was declared the winner of the debate by several analysts.", "Hunter (comics) Hunter is the name of two fictional DC Comics villains who appear in stories of the Legion of Super-Heroes. They are not to be confused with Rip Hunter. The first Hunter first appeared in \"Adventure Comics\" #358 (July 1967). Otto Orion is a master hunter on the planet Simballi where he became its sole ruler. Hoping to find new prey to hunt, he hunts the Legion of Super-Heroes, during which battle he is killed. The second Hunter first appeared in \"Superboy\" (1st series) #199 (November 1973). Adam Orion is the son of Otto Orion. He blamed the Legion for his father's death and tried to get revenge on them, but was thwarted by Bouncing Boy. Some years later, he joined the extended Legion of Super-Villains gathered by Nemesis Kid on the planet Orando. In \"Final Crisis\", he was among the supervillains in Superman-Prime's Legion of Super-Villains. Neither version of Hunter had any actual powers, but they were both master hunters and trackers. The Adam Orion version of Hunter appeared in an episode of \"Legion of Super Heroes\" voiced by Khary Payton in a thick Australian accent. He is seen as a member of the Legion of Super-Villains."], "answer": {"text": "In 1980, Hunter was recruited to run for Congress in", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5b2f3c0a25b34234acd42ed080132a1a_1_q#1", "question": "recruited for what?", "rewrite": "What was Duncan Hunter recruited for in 1980?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Duncan Hunter 2008 presidential campaign The Duncan Hunter presidential campaign, 2008 began when fourteen-term Congressman and Vietnam War veteran Duncan Hunter of California announced his intentions to run for the 2008 Republican nomination for President of the United States in January 2007. In the campaign, Hunter emphasized his conservative credentials, focusing on the issues of border security, the War on Terrorism, and trade. Throughout 2007, he was in the second tier of Republican candidates, consistently receiving three percent or less support among Republicans in national polls. However, the campaign reached a high point after Hunter won the Texas Straw Poll. Though he qualified for one National Convention delegate at the Wyoming caucuses, Hunter dropped out of the race in January 2008, following a poor turnout in the Nevada caucuses. Hunter served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He was awarded a Bronze Star, an Air Medal, and the Vietnam Service Medal for his efforts on the battlefield. Upon his return home, Hunter pursued a career in law and was admitted to the bar in 1976. Four years later, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican in the Reagan Revolution. At the onset of the 2008 campaign, Hunter had served in Congress since 1981; representing California's 42nd (1981\u201383), 45th (1983-93), and 52nd (since 1993) congressional districts. During his tenure, he boasted a 92% lifetime rating from the American Conservative Union (ACU). Some of his successes included the passage of legislation leading to the construction of the 14-mile double-fence from the Pacific Ocean to Otay Mesa along the U.S.-Mexico border. He also helped pass the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which provided for the construction of an additional 670 miles of fence. As a member of the House Armed Services Committee, Hunter pushed for increased military spending and advancements in military technology.", "The events that followed Camarena's disappearance were chronicled in U.S. media, exposing the world of drug trafficking including how far drug traffickers would go to maintain power and control. After the men were found murdered, citizens in Camarena's hometown of Calexico, California donned red ribbons in his honor. The red ribbon became their symbol for prevention in order to reduce the demand of illegal drugs. California Congressman Duncan Hunter and teacher David Dhillon launched \"Camarena Clubs\" in California high schools. In 1986, club members presented a proclamation to Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, who had initiated nationwide anti-drug programs. The following year, parent-teacher organizations in California, Illinois, and Virginia wore the red ribbons in late October and November. In 1988, the first National Red Ribbon Week was organized by the National Family Partnership (NFP), proclaimed by the U.S. Congress and chaired by Nancy Reagan. Henry Lozano, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps in 2007-2008, helped to launch Red Ribbon Week in 1985. In 1985, Lozano, along with the Californian's for Drug-Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique \"Kiki\" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillo, Lozano helped to promote \"Camarena Clubs\" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort.", "Mark Bonnar Mark Bonnar (born 19 November 1968) is a Scottish actor known for his roles as Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\", Bruno Jenkins in \"Casualty\", Detective Finney in \"Psychoville\", DCC Mike Dryden in \"Line of Duty\", Colin Osborne in \"Unforgotten\", Townsend in \"Battlefield 1\" and Field in \"Summer of Rockets\". On television, Bonnar has appeared as Peter Mayhew in BBC1's \"New Blood\" and Chris in the highly successful Channel 4 comedy \"Catastrophe\", a role which he reprised in the following series. He also plays the Rev. Adam Collingbourne in ITV's \"Home Fires\", John Halliday in \"Undercover\", as well as regular Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\" for BBC1. Other television credits include \"Vera\", \"Grantchester\", \"Case Histories\", \"The Paradise\", \" Doctor Who\", \"Psychoville\", \"Taggart\", \"Phoneshop\" and \"Paradox\". In 2005, he played regular Bruno Jenkins in the BBC1 series \"Casualty\". 2018 he played Dr Neil Sommer in the Channel 4 series \"Humans\". His theatre performances include Bosola in \"The Duchess of Malfi\" at the Old Vic, London in 2012, \"Philistines\" at the Lyttelton, National Theatre in May 2007, Phil in \"Mammals\" in a national tour in 2006, David in \"A Girl in a Car with a Man\" at the Jerwood Theatre Upstairs in December 2004, Benedick in \"Much Ado About Nothing\" at the Salisbury Playhouse in September 2004, \"Cyrano de Bergerac\" at the National Theatre in 2004 and \"Parade\" at the Donmar Warehouse in September 2007.", "Paul was the favorite of an on-line poll at ABCNews.com, winning 63 percent of votes. Paul participated in the Fox News debate at the University of New Hampshire on September 5. Paul and Mike Huckabee argued over the war in Iraq, with Paul attributing Republican losses in the 2006 elections to the unpopular war. Paul won a Fox-sponsored text-messaging poll with 33 percent of votes. On September 17, Paul participated in the GOP \"Values Voters' Presidential Debate\" in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, alongside six other candidates --- John H. Cox, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Duncan Hunter, Alan Keyes, and Tom Tancredo. Paul finished second in an official post-debate delegate straw poll, trailing Mike Huckabee's 63% showing with 13% of the vote. Paul participated in a September 27 debate hosted by PBS television at Morgan State University with a panel exclusively of journalists of color. The organizers put empty podiums on the stage in the names of the absent candidates. Alongside himself, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Alan Keyes, Duncan Hunter, and Tom Tancredo answered questions. Paul participated in an October 9 debate sponsored by CNBC, \"The Wall Street Journal\", and the University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn. The debate aired on MSNBC at 9 pm ET. Paul fielded several questions relating to economic issues, warning that \"as long as we live beyond our means, we are destined to live beneath our means\". As in previous debates, he also addressed monetary theory. The Republican Jewish Coalition candidates' forum on October 16, 2007, did not invite Paul due to \"time only for leading candidates\" and his \"record of consistently voting against assistance to Israel and his criticisms of the pro-Israel lobby\", according to sources close to the RJC.", "Later, while in custody following his arrest in 2013, he was diagnosed with PTSD. Between 2007 and 2009, Hunter was introduced to Le Roux by a colleague. He was initially tasked with buying and selling gold in Mali. Le Roux offered Hunter a job as his bodyguard in 2009. According to Hunter's own accounts, he began to realize in mid-2009 that he was involved in illegal operations and, due to his name being used in various operations, suspected he was being set up to be \"sacrificed\" to law enforcement, but claimed to fear for his life if he were to quit. In 2010 Dave Smith dismissed Hunter, considering him \"too hot headed\". Hunter lived in the US for a year and returned following Smith's assassination in 2011, taking Smith's former position. His exit from and return to the organization would later prompt the court to reject his duress defense. Hunter carried out or oversaw multiple murders for Le Roux, which the organization referred to as \"bonus jobs\". He apparently recruited hit men through contacts from his days as a defense contractor. Many of the hit men Hunter recruited for Le Roux were, like him, former soldiers who had had trouble settling into civilian life. A 2014 court document revealed that Le Roux was also charged with exporting \"goods, technology and services\" to the Iranian government between 2009 and 2012. The goods are believed to be a missile guidance system. Through his company Southern Ace, Le Roux supplied AK-47 assault rifles and light machine guns to Somali militias starting in April 2009, in violation of an existing arms embargo. Rumors exist that Le Roux was planning to build a militia to invade the Seychelles. His enforcer Hunter is known to have bragged about such plans, but the head of the UN investigative team concerned with Le Roux's activities in Somalia dismissed it."], "answer": {"text": "to run for Congress in what was then the 42nd District", "answer_start": 30}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Duncan Hunter first elected?", "answer": {"text": "In 1980, Hunter was recruited to run for Congress in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b2f3c0a25b34234acd42ed080132a1a_1_q#2", "question": "what political party is he?", "rewrite": "What political party is Duncan Hunter?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paul was the favorite of an on-line poll at ABCNews.com, winning 63 percent of votes. Paul participated in the Fox News debate at the University of New Hampshire on September 5. Paul and Mike Huckabee argued over the war in Iraq, with Paul attributing Republican losses in the 2006 elections to the unpopular war. Paul won a Fox-sponsored text-messaging poll with 33 percent of votes. On September 17, Paul participated in the GOP \"Values Voters' Presidential Debate\" in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, alongside six other candidates --- John H. Cox, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Duncan Hunter, Alan Keyes, and Tom Tancredo. Paul finished second in an official post-debate delegate straw poll, trailing Mike Huckabee's 63% showing with 13% of the vote. Paul participated in a September 27 debate hosted by PBS television at Morgan State University with a panel exclusively of journalists of color. The organizers put empty podiums on the stage in the names of the absent candidates. Alongside himself, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Alan Keyes, Duncan Hunter, and Tom Tancredo answered questions. Paul participated in an October 9 debate sponsored by CNBC, \"The Wall Street Journal\", and the University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn. The debate aired on MSNBC at 9 pm ET. Paul fielded several questions relating to economic issues, warning that \"as long as we live beyond our means, we are destined to live beneath our means\". As in previous debates, he also addressed monetary theory. The Republican Jewish Coalition candidates' forum on October 16, 2007, did not invite Paul due to \"time only for leading candidates\" and his \"record of consistently voting against assistance to Israel and his criticisms of the pro-Israel lobby\", according to sources close to the RJC.", "Mark Bonnar Mark Bonnar (born 19 November 1968) is a Scottish actor known for his roles as Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\", Bruno Jenkins in \"Casualty\", Detective Finney in \"Psychoville\", DCC Mike Dryden in \"Line of Duty\", Colin Osborne in \"Unforgotten\", Townsend in \"Battlefield 1\" and Field in \"Summer of Rockets\". On television, Bonnar has appeared as Peter Mayhew in BBC1's \"New Blood\" and Chris in the highly successful Channel 4 comedy \"Catastrophe\", a role which he reprised in the following series. He also plays the Rev. Adam Collingbourne in ITV's \"Home Fires\", John Halliday in \"Undercover\", as well as regular Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\" for BBC1. Other television credits include \"Vera\", \"Grantchester\", \"Case Histories\", \"The Paradise\", \" Doctor Who\", \"Psychoville\", \"Taggart\", \"Phoneshop\" and \"Paradox\". In 2005, he played regular Bruno Jenkins in the BBC1 series \"Casualty\". 2018 he played Dr Neil Sommer in the Channel 4 series \"Humans\". His theatre performances include Bosola in \"The Duchess of Malfi\" at the Old Vic, London in 2012, \"Philistines\" at the Lyttelton, National Theatre in May 2007, Phil in \"Mammals\" in a national tour in 2006, David in \"A Girl in a Car with a Man\" at the Jerwood Theatre Upstairs in December 2004, Benedick in \"Much Ado About Nothing\" at the Salisbury Playhouse in September 2004, \"Cyrano de Bergerac\" at the National Theatre in 2004 and \"Parade\" at the Donmar Warehouse in September 2007.", "Candidates were allowed to participate if they meet one of three criteria, \"place first through fourth in Iowa, poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major New Hampshire surveys, or poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major national surveys.\" Thus, ABC News eliminated Republican Duncan Hunter. ABC said the rules were quite inclusive, and that none of the candidates objected ahead of time. \"In previous debates where the stage was more crowded you had to make sure all of the candidates got equal time,\" said David Chalian, ABC News political director. \"Here you will have more time to go in depth on the issues.\" A brunch forum housed by Chris Wallace with presidential candidates, originally to be sponsored by the New Hampshire Republican Party, was planned for broadcast on Fox News. Candidates Ron Paul and Duncan Hunter were excluded by Fox News, though Paul got 10 percent of the Iowa vote while Giuliani, who was invited, got just 3 percent. Fox News said they had only enough room for \"so many candidates.\" New Hampshire Republican Party chair Fergus Cullen said on December 31, \"Limiting the number of candidates who are invited to participate in debates is not consistent with the tradition of the first in the nation primary. The level playing field requires that all candidates be given an equal opportunity to participate\u2013-not just a select few determined by the media prior to any votes being cast.\" On January 5, following Fox News' continued refusal to allow a fair debate format, the New Hampshire Republican Party withdrew their sponsorship. Jay Leno invited Ron Paul to be a guest on the January 7 Tonight Show specifically because he felt Paul's exclusion was \"unfair.\" In a post-debate analysis by Fox News, Mitt Romney was declared the winner of the debate by several analysts.", "Duncan Hunter 2008 presidential campaign The Duncan Hunter presidential campaign, 2008 began when fourteen-term Congressman and Vietnam War veteran Duncan Hunter of California announced his intentions to run for the 2008 Republican nomination for President of the United States in January 2007. In the campaign, Hunter emphasized his conservative credentials, focusing on the issues of border security, the War on Terrorism, and trade. Throughout 2007, he was in the second tier of Republican candidates, consistently receiving three percent or less support among Republicans in national polls. However, the campaign reached a high point after Hunter won the Texas Straw Poll. Though he qualified for one National Convention delegate at the Wyoming caucuses, Hunter dropped out of the race in January 2008, following a poor turnout in the Nevada caucuses. Hunter served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He was awarded a Bronze Star, an Air Medal, and the Vietnam Service Medal for his efforts on the battlefield. Upon his return home, Hunter pursued a career in law and was admitted to the bar in 1976. Four years later, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican in the Reagan Revolution. At the onset of the 2008 campaign, Hunter had served in Congress since 1981; representing California's 42nd (1981\u201383), 45th (1983-93), and 52nd (since 1993) congressional districts. During his tenure, he boasted a 92% lifetime rating from the American Conservative Union (ACU). Some of his successes included the passage of legislation leading to the construction of the 14-mile double-fence from the Pacific Ocean to Otay Mesa along the U.S.-Mexico border. He also helped pass the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which provided for the construction of an additional 670 miles of fence. As a member of the House Armed Services Committee, Hunter pushed for increased military spending and advancements in military technology.", "The events that followed Camarena's disappearance were chronicled in U.S. media, exposing the world of drug trafficking including how far drug traffickers would go to maintain power and control. After the men were found murdered, citizens in Camarena's hometown of Calexico, California donned red ribbons in his honor. The red ribbon became their symbol for prevention in order to reduce the demand of illegal drugs. California Congressman Duncan Hunter and teacher David Dhillon launched \"Camarena Clubs\" in California high schools. In 1986, club members presented a proclamation to Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, who had initiated nationwide anti-drug programs. The following year, parent-teacher organizations in California, Illinois, and Virginia wore the red ribbons in late October and November. In 1988, the first National Red Ribbon Week was organized by the National Family Partnership (NFP), proclaimed by the U.S. Congress and chaired by Nancy Reagan. Henry Lozano, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps in 2007-2008, helped to launch Red Ribbon Week in 1985. In 1985, Lozano, along with the Californian's for Drug-Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique \"Kiki\" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillo, Lozano helped to promote \"Camarena Clubs\" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort."], "answer": {"text": "Republicans", "answer_start": 215}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Duncan Hunter first elected?", "answer": {"text": "In 1980, Hunter was recruited to run for Congress in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "recruited for what?", "answer": {"text": "to run for Congress in what was then the 42nd District", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b2f3c0a25b34234acd42ed080132a1a_1_q#3", "question": "did he win the 42 district?", "rewrite": "Did Duncan Hunter win the 42 district?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The events that followed Camarena's disappearance were chronicled in U.S. media, exposing the world of drug trafficking including how far drug traffickers would go to maintain power and control. After the men were found murdered, citizens in Camarena's hometown of Calexico, California donned red ribbons in his honor. The red ribbon became their symbol for prevention in order to reduce the demand of illegal drugs. California Congressman Duncan Hunter and teacher David Dhillon launched \"Camarena Clubs\" in California high schools. In 1986, club members presented a proclamation to Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, who had initiated nationwide anti-drug programs. The following year, parent-teacher organizations in California, Illinois, and Virginia wore the red ribbons in late October and November. In 1988, the first National Red Ribbon Week was organized by the National Family Partnership (NFP), proclaimed by the U.S. Congress and chaired by Nancy Reagan. Henry Lozano, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps in 2007-2008, helped to launch Red Ribbon Week in 1985. In 1985, Lozano, along with the Californian's for Drug-Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique \"Kiki\" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillo, Lozano helped to promote \"Camarena Clubs\" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort.", "2014 Washington House of Representatives election The Washington State House elections, 2014 were biennial elections in which each of the 49 legislative districts in Washington chose two people to represent them in the state house. Roughly half of the members of the Washington Senate were elected concurrently to four-year terms from the same legislative districts. The elections were held on November 4, 2014. Top two primary elections on August 5, 2014 determined which two candidates appeared on the November ballot. Each candidate is allowed to write in whatever party preference he or she desires. District 4  District 10 District 14 District 17 District 18 District 21 District 28 District 33 District 35 District 42 District 49 District 1  District 2  District 3 District 4  District 5 District 6 District 7 District 8  District 9  District 10 District 11 District 12 District 13  District 14  District 15 District 16 District 17 District 18  District 19 District 20 District 21 District 22 District 23 District 24 District 25 District 26 District 27 District 28 District 29 District 30 District 31  District 32 District 33 District 34 District 35 District 36 District 37  District 38 District 39 District 40 District 41 District 42 District 43  District 44 District 45  District 46  District 47 District 48 District 49", "Duncan Hunter 2008 presidential campaign The Duncan Hunter presidential campaign, 2008 began when fourteen-term Congressman and Vietnam War veteran Duncan Hunter of California announced his intentions to run for the 2008 Republican nomination for President of the United States in January 2007. In the campaign, Hunter emphasized his conservative credentials, focusing on the issues of border security, the War on Terrorism, and trade. Throughout 2007, he was in the second tier of Republican candidates, consistently receiving three percent or less support among Republicans in national polls. However, the campaign reached a high point after Hunter won the Texas Straw Poll. Though he qualified for one National Convention delegate at the Wyoming caucuses, Hunter dropped out of the race in January 2008, following a poor turnout in the Nevada caucuses. Hunter served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He was awarded a Bronze Star, an Air Medal, and the Vietnam Service Medal for his efforts on the battlefield. Upon his return home, Hunter pursued a career in law and was admitted to the bar in 1976. Four years later, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican in the Reagan Revolution. At the onset of the 2008 campaign, Hunter had served in Congress since 1981; representing California's 42nd (1981\u201383), 45th (1983-93), and 52nd (since 1993) congressional districts. During his tenure, he boasted a 92% lifetime rating from the American Conservative Union (ACU). Some of his successes included the passage of legislation leading to the construction of the 14-mile double-fence from the Pacific Ocean to Otay Mesa along the U.S.-Mexico border. He also helped pass the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which provided for the construction of an additional 670 miles of fence. As a member of the House Armed Services Committee, Hunter pushed for increased military spending and advancements in military technology.", "Paul was the favorite of an on-line poll at ABCNews.com, winning 63 percent of votes. Paul participated in the Fox News debate at the University of New Hampshire on September 5. Paul and Mike Huckabee argued over the war in Iraq, with Paul attributing Republican losses in the 2006 elections to the unpopular war. Paul won a Fox-sponsored text-messaging poll with 33 percent of votes. On September 17, Paul participated in the GOP \"Values Voters' Presidential Debate\" in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, alongside six other candidates --- John H. Cox, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Duncan Hunter, Alan Keyes, and Tom Tancredo. Paul finished second in an official post-debate delegate straw poll, trailing Mike Huckabee's 63% showing with 13% of the vote. Paul participated in a September 27 debate hosted by PBS television at Morgan State University with a panel exclusively of journalists of color. The organizers put empty podiums on the stage in the names of the absent candidates. Alongside himself, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Alan Keyes, Duncan Hunter, and Tom Tancredo answered questions. Paul participated in an October 9 debate sponsored by CNBC, \"The Wall Street Journal\", and the University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn. The debate aired on MSNBC at 9 pm ET. Paul fielded several questions relating to economic issues, warning that \"as long as we live beyond our means, we are destined to live beneath our means\". As in previous debates, he also addressed monetary theory. The Republican Jewish Coalition candidates' forum on October 16, 2007, did not invite Paul due to \"time only for leading candidates\" and his \"record of consistently voting against assistance to Israel and his criticisms of the pro-Israel lobby\", according to sources close to the RJC.", "Homestead Meadows South, Texas Homestead Meadows South is a census-designated place (CDP) in El Paso County, Texas, United States. The population was 7,247 at the 2010 census. It is part of the El Paso Metropolitan Statistical Area. The ZIP Code encompassing the CDP area is 79938. Homestead Meadows South is located at (31.808438, -106.170934). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,807 people, 1,512 households, and 1,439 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,033.0 people per square mile (784.5/km\u00b2). There were 1,628 housing units at an average density of 486.2/ sq mi (187.6/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 60.95% White, 0.32% African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.09% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 37.04% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 96.17% of the population. There were 1,512 households out of which 71.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.5% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 4.8% were non-families. 4.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 1.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.50 and the average family size was 4.60."], "answer": {"text": "Hunter narrowly defeated him.", "answer_start": 431}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Duncan Hunter first elected?", "answer": {"text": "In 1980, Hunter was recruited to run for Congress in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "recruited for what?", "answer": {"text": "to run for Congress in what was then the 42nd District", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what political party is he?", "answer": {"text": "Republicans", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b2f3c0a25b34234acd42ed080132a1a_1_q#4", "question": "does he have any military background?", "rewrite": "Does Duncan Hunter have any military background?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Bonnar Mark Bonnar (born 19 November 1968) is a Scottish actor known for his roles as Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\", Bruno Jenkins in \"Casualty\", Detective Finney in \"Psychoville\", DCC Mike Dryden in \"Line of Duty\", Colin Osborne in \"Unforgotten\", Townsend in \"Battlefield 1\" and Field in \"Summer of Rockets\". On television, Bonnar has appeared as Peter Mayhew in BBC1's \"New Blood\" and Chris in the highly successful Channel 4 comedy \"Catastrophe\", a role which he reprised in the following series. He also plays the Rev. Adam Collingbourne in ITV's \"Home Fires\", John Halliday in \"Undercover\", as well as regular Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\" for BBC1. Other television credits include \"Vera\", \"Grantchester\", \"Case Histories\", \"The Paradise\", \" Doctor Who\", \"Psychoville\", \"Taggart\", \"Phoneshop\" and \"Paradox\". In 2005, he played regular Bruno Jenkins in the BBC1 series \"Casualty\". 2018 he played Dr Neil Sommer in the Channel 4 series \"Humans\". His theatre performances include Bosola in \"The Duchess of Malfi\" at the Old Vic, London in 2012, \"Philistines\" at the Lyttelton, National Theatre in May 2007, Phil in \"Mammals\" in a national tour in 2006, David in \"A Girl in a Car with a Man\" at the Jerwood Theatre Upstairs in December 2004, Benedick in \"Much Ado About Nothing\" at the Salisbury Playhouse in September 2004, \"Cyrano de Bergerac\" at the National Theatre in 2004 and \"Parade\" at the Donmar Warehouse in September 2007.", "Candidates were allowed to participate if they meet one of three criteria, \"place first through fourth in Iowa, poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major New Hampshire surveys, or poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major national surveys.\" Thus, ABC News eliminated Republican Duncan Hunter. ABC said the rules were quite inclusive, and that none of the candidates objected ahead of time. \"In previous debates where the stage was more crowded you had to make sure all of the candidates got equal time,\" said David Chalian, ABC News political director. \"Here you will have more time to go in depth on the issues.\" A brunch forum housed by Chris Wallace with presidential candidates, originally to be sponsored by the New Hampshire Republican Party, was planned for broadcast on Fox News. Candidates Ron Paul and Duncan Hunter were excluded by Fox News, though Paul got 10 percent of the Iowa vote while Giuliani, who was invited, got just 3 percent. Fox News said they had only enough room for \"so many candidates.\" New Hampshire Republican Party chair Fergus Cullen said on December 31, \"Limiting the number of candidates who are invited to participate in debates is not consistent with the tradition of the first in the nation primary. The level playing field requires that all candidates be given an equal opportunity to participate\u2013-not just a select few determined by the media prior to any votes being cast.\" On January 5, following Fox News' continued refusal to allow a fair debate format, the New Hampshire Republican Party withdrew their sponsorship. Jay Leno invited Ron Paul to be a guest on the January 7 Tonight Show specifically because he felt Paul's exclusion was \"unfair.\" In a post-debate analysis by Fox News, Mitt Romney was declared the winner of the debate by several analysts.", "Duncan Hunter 2008 presidential campaign The Duncan Hunter presidential campaign, 2008 began when fourteen-term Congressman and Vietnam War veteran Duncan Hunter of California announced his intentions to run for the 2008 Republican nomination for President of the United States in January 2007. In the campaign, Hunter emphasized his conservative credentials, focusing on the issues of border security, the War on Terrorism, and trade. Throughout 2007, he was in the second tier of Republican candidates, consistently receiving three percent or less support among Republicans in national polls. However, the campaign reached a high point after Hunter won the Texas Straw Poll. Though he qualified for one National Convention delegate at the Wyoming caucuses, Hunter dropped out of the race in January 2008, following a poor turnout in the Nevada caucuses. Hunter served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He was awarded a Bronze Star, an Air Medal, and the Vietnam Service Medal for his efforts on the battlefield. Upon his return home, Hunter pursued a career in law and was admitted to the bar in 1976. Four years later, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican in the Reagan Revolution. At the onset of the 2008 campaign, Hunter had served in Congress since 1981; representing California's 42nd (1981\u201383), 45th (1983-93), and 52nd (since 1993) congressional districts. During his tenure, he boasted a 92% lifetime rating from the American Conservative Union (ACU). Some of his successes included the passage of legislation leading to the construction of the 14-mile double-fence from the Pacific Ocean to Otay Mesa along the U.S.-Mexico border. He also helped pass the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which provided for the construction of an additional 670 miles of fence. As a member of the House Armed Services Committee, Hunter pushed for increased military spending and advancements in military technology.", "Paul was the favorite of an on-line poll at ABCNews.com, winning 63 percent of votes. Paul participated in the Fox News debate at the University of New Hampshire on September 5. Paul and Mike Huckabee argued over the war in Iraq, with Paul attributing Republican losses in the 2006 elections to the unpopular war. Paul won a Fox-sponsored text-messaging poll with 33 percent of votes. On September 17, Paul participated in the GOP \"Values Voters' Presidential Debate\" in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, alongside six other candidates --- John H. Cox, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Duncan Hunter, Alan Keyes, and Tom Tancredo. Paul finished second in an official post-debate delegate straw poll, trailing Mike Huckabee's 63% showing with 13% of the vote. Paul participated in a September 27 debate hosted by PBS television at Morgan State University with a panel exclusively of journalists of color. The organizers put empty podiums on the stage in the names of the absent candidates. Alongside himself, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Alan Keyes, Duncan Hunter, and Tom Tancredo answered questions. Paul participated in an October 9 debate sponsored by CNBC, \"The Wall Street Journal\", and the University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn. The debate aired on MSNBC at 9 pm ET. Paul fielded several questions relating to economic issues, warning that \"as long as we live beyond our means, we are destined to live beneath our means\". As in previous debates, he also addressed monetary theory. The Republican Jewish Coalition candidates' forum on October 16, 2007, did not invite Paul due to \"time only for leading candidates\" and his \"record of consistently voting against assistance to Israel and his criticisms of the pro-Israel lobby\", according to sources close to the RJC.", "The events that followed Camarena's disappearance were chronicled in U.S. media, exposing the world of drug trafficking including how far drug traffickers would go to maintain power and control. After the men were found murdered, citizens in Camarena's hometown of Calexico, California donned red ribbons in his honor. The red ribbon became their symbol for prevention in order to reduce the demand of illegal drugs. California Congressman Duncan Hunter and teacher David Dhillon launched \"Camarena Clubs\" in California high schools. In 1986, club members presented a proclamation to Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, who had initiated nationwide anti-drug programs. The following year, parent-teacher organizations in California, Illinois, and Virginia wore the red ribbons in late October and November. In 1988, the first National Red Ribbon Week was organized by the National Family Partnership (NFP), proclaimed by the U.S. Congress and chaired by Nancy Reagan. Henry Lozano, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps in 2007-2008, helped to launch Red Ribbon Week in 1985. In 1985, Lozano, along with the Californian's for Drug-Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique \"Kiki\" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillo, Lozano helped to promote \"Camarena Clubs\" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Duncan Hunter first elected?", "answer": {"text": "In 1980, Hunter was recruited to run for Congress in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "recruited for what?", "answer": {"text": "to run for Congress in what was then the 42nd District", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what political party is he?", "answer": {"text": "Republicans", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the 42 district?", "answer": {"text": "Hunter narrowly defeated him.", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b2f3c0a25b34234acd42ed080132a1a_1_q#5", "question": "what is a notable win for him?", "rewrite": "What is a notable win for Duncan Hunter?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Bonnar Mark Bonnar (born 19 November 1968) is a Scottish actor known for his roles as Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\", Bruno Jenkins in \"Casualty\", Detective Finney in \"Psychoville\", DCC Mike Dryden in \"Line of Duty\", Colin Osborne in \"Unforgotten\", Townsend in \"Battlefield 1\" and Field in \"Summer of Rockets\". On television, Bonnar has appeared as Peter Mayhew in BBC1's \"New Blood\" and Chris in the highly successful Channel 4 comedy \"Catastrophe\", a role which he reprised in the following series. He also plays the Rev. Adam Collingbourne in ITV's \"Home Fires\", John Halliday in \"Undercover\", as well as regular Duncan Hunter in \"Shetland\" for BBC1. Other television credits include \"Vera\", \"Grantchester\", \"Case Histories\", \"The Paradise\", \" Doctor Who\", \"Psychoville\", \"Taggart\", \"Phoneshop\" and \"Paradox\". In 2005, he played regular Bruno Jenkins in the BBC1 series \"Casualty\". 2018 he played Dr Neil Sommer in the Channel 4 series \"Humans\". His theatre performances include Bosola in \"The Duchess of Malfi\" at the Old Vic, London in 2012, \"Philistines\" at the Lyttelton, National Theatre in May 2007, Phil in \"Mammals\" in a national tour in 2006, David in \"A Girl in a Car with a Man\" at the Jerwood Theatre Upstairs in December 2004, Benedick in \"Much Ado About Nothing\" at the Salisbury Playhouse in September 2004, \"Cyrano de Bergerac\" at the National Theatre in 2004 and \"Parade\" at the Donmar Warehouse in September 2007.", "Duncan Hunter 2008 presidential campaign The Duncan Hunter presidential campaign, 2008 began when fourteen-term Congressman and Vietnam War veteran Duncan Hunter of California announced his intentions to run for the 2008 Republican nomination for President of the United States in January 2007. In the campaign, Hunter emphasized his conservative credentials, focusing on the issues of border security, the War on Terrorism, and trade. Throughout 2007, he was in the second tier of Republican candidates, consistently receiving three percent or less support among Republicans in national polls. However, the campaign reached a high point after Hunter won the Texas Straw Poll. Though he qualified for one National Convention delegate at the Wyoming caucuses, Hunter dropped out of the race in January 2008, following a poor turnout in the Nevada caucuses. Hunter served as a First Lieutenant in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. He was awarded a Bronze Star, an Air Medal, and the Vietnam Service Medal for his efforts on the battlefield. Upon his return home, Hunter pursued a career in law and was admitted to the bar in 1976. Four years later, he won election to the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican in the Reagan Revolution. At the onset of the 2008 campaign, Hunter had served in Congress since 1981; representing California's 42nd (1981\u201383), 45th (1983-93), and 52nd (since 1993) congressional districts. During his tenure, he boasted a 92% lifetime rating from the American Conservative Union (ACU). Some of his successes included the passage of legislation leading to the construction of the 14-mile double-fence from the Pacific Ocean to Otay Mesa along the U.S.-Mexico border. He also helped pass the Secure Fence Act of 2006, which provided for the construction of an additional 670 miles of fence. As a member of the House Armed Services Committee, Hunter pushed for increased military spending and advancements in military technology.", "The events that followed Camarena's disappearance were chronicled in U.S. media, exposing the world of drug trafficking including how far drug traffickers would go to maintain power and control. After the men were found murdered, citizens in Camarena's hometown of Calexico, California donned red ribbons in his honor. The red ribbon became their symbol for prevention in order to reduce the demand of illegal drugs. California Congressman Duncan Hunter and teacher David Dhillon launched \"Camarena Clubs\" in California high schools. In 1986, club members presented a proclamation to Nancy Reagan, First Lady of the United States, who had initiated nationwide anti-drug programs. The following year, parent-teacher organizations in California, Illinois, and Virginia wore the red ribbons in late October and November. In 1988, the first National Red Ribbon Week was organized by the National Family Partnership (NFP), proclaimed by the U.S. Congress and chaired by Nancy Reagan. Henry Lozano, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of USA Freedom Corps in 2007-2008, helped to launch Red Ribbon Week in 1985. In 1985, Lozano, along with the Californian's for Drug-Free Youth Board of Directors, created the first Statewide Red Ribbon Campaign in memory of his high school friend, Enrique \"Kiki\" Camarena, a Drug Enforcement Administration special agent. With the support of Congressman Duncan Hunter and City Councilman David Dhillo, Lozano helped to promote \"Camarena Clubs\" in Imperial Valley, California, Camarena's home. From these clubs emerged the Red Ribbon Week campaign, and during the administration of President Bill Clinton it grew into a nationwide service effort.", "Candidates were allowed to participate if they meet one of three criteria, \"place first through fourth in Iowa, poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major New Hampshire surveys, or poll 5 percent or higher in one of the last four major national surveys.\" Thus, ABC News eliminated Republican Duncan Hunter. ABC said the rules were quite inclusive, and that none of the candidates objected ahead of time. \"In previous debates where the stage was more crowded you had to make sure all of the candidates got equal time,\" said David Chalian, ABC News political director. \"Here you will have more time to go in depth on the issues.\" A brunch forum housed by Chris Wallace with presidential candidates, originally to be sponsored by the New Hampshire Republican Party, was planned for broadcast on Fox News. Candidates Ron Paul and Duncan Hunter were excluded by Fox News, though Paul got 10 percent of the Iowa vote while Giuliani, who was invited, got just 3 percent. Fox News said they had only enough room for \"so many candidates.\" New Hampshire Republican Party chair Fergus Cullen said on December 31, \"Limiting the number of candidates who are invited to participate in debates is not consistent with the tradition of the first in the nation primary. The level playing field requires that all candidates be given an equal opportunity to participate\u2013-not just a select few determined by the media prior to any votes being cast.\" On January 5, following Fox News' continued refusal to allow a fair debate format, the New Hampshire Republican Party withdrew their sponsorship. Jay Leno invited Ron Paul to be a guest on the January 7 Tonight Show specifically because he felt Paul's exclusion was \"unfair.\" In a post-debate analysis by Fox News, Mitt Romney was declared the winner of the debate by several analysts.", "Paul was the favorite of an on-line poll at ABCNews.com, winning 63 percent of votes. Paul participated in the Fox News debate at the University of New Hampshire on September 5. Paul and Mike Huckabee argued over the war in Iraq, with Paul attributing Republican losses in the 2006 elections to the unpopular war. Paul won a Fox-sponsored text-messaging poll with 33 percent of votes. On September 17, Paul participated in the GOP \"Values Voters' Presidential Debate\" in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, alongside six other candidates --- John H. Cox, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Duncan Hunter, Alan Keyes, and Tom Tancredo. Paul finished second in an official post-debate delegate straw poll, trailing Mike Huckabee's 63% showing with 13% of the vote. Paul participated in a September 27 debate hosted by PBS television at Morgan State University with a panel exclusively of journalists of color. The organizers put empty podiums on the stage in the names of the absent candidates. Alongside himself, Sam Brownback, Mike Huckabee, Alan Keyes, Duncan Hunter, and Tom Tancredo answered questions. Paul participated in an October 9 debate sponsored by CNBC, \"The Wall Street Journal\", and the University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn. The debate aired on MSNBC at 9 pm ET. Paul fielded several questions relating to economic issues, warning that \"as long as we live beyond our means, we are destined to live beneath our means\". As in previous debates, he also addressed monetary theory. The Republican Jewish Coalition candidates' forum on October 16, 2007, did not invite Paul due to \"time only for leading candidates\" and his \"record of consistently voting against assistance to Israel and his criticisms of the pro-Israel lobby\", according to sources close to the RJC."], "answer": {"text": "Hunter announced that, as part of his presidential bid, he would not seek re-election to the House of Representatives in 2008.", "answer_start": 1135}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Duncan Hunter first elected?", "answer": {"text": "In 1980, Hunter was recruited to run for Congress in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "recruited for what?", "answer": {"text": "to run for Congress in what was then the 42nd District", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what political party is he?", "answer": {"text": "Republicans", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the 42 district?", "answer": {"text": "Hunter narrowly defeated him.", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "does he have any military background?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b3715204c684455fa3eef156b1af1a57_0_q#0", "question": "Where did Tennessee Williams go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Tennessee Williams go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Christopher Williams (soccer) Christopher Williams (born May 21, 1984 in Philadelphia) is a free agent American soccer player. Williams played college soccer at Philadelphia University from 2002 to 2005. [1] Junior and senior year saw Williams earn Philadelphia Soccer Seven and Atlantic Soccer Conference 1st team honors. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in business management. During his college years he also played with the Ocean City Barons in the USL Premier Development League during the collegiate off season, playing play with the Barons each summer from 2004 through 2006. Williams was named to the 2004 All-Conference Team while leading the Barons to a rare undefeated regular season (14-0-4). After this undefeated season in 2004, Williams was offered a contract from New England Revolution but declined and decided to finish school. Late summer of 2006, after a season in Ocean City, Chris played with the New York Red Bulls before signing with Miami FC of the USL First Division, playing in 21 games and was 4th on the team in minutes played. The fall of 2007, he was drafted 1st round, 4th overall and eventually signed with the Philadelphia KiXX of Major Indoor Soccer League. He played the 2007-2008 MISL season with the KiXX, then rejoined Miami FC for the 2008 summer season. The winter of 2008 saw Williams go on trial and sign with Danish 2nd Division club Blokhus FC, however the contract was mutually annulled before Williams returned to Denmark. While on trial with Blokhus Williams was identified by 1st division side Thisted FC landing him a trial with the club after his annulled contract. Williams was set to return to Thisted in the summer window of 2009, however due to some financial quagmires at the club he was not brought back. In December 2009, Miami FC welcomed Chris Back to the team.", "She played \"Miss Drumgoole\" in Todd Rundgren's adaptation of Joe Orton's \"Up Against It\" (New York Shakespeare Festival), \"Uta\" in Charles Busch and Rusty Magee's \"The Green Heart\" (Manhattan Theatre Club), \"Connie\"/\"Petula\"/\"Brenda\" in \"Beehive\" at the Village Gate, and \"Marion Ames\" in \"Swingtime Canteen\". In 1988, she appeared on Broadway in \"Romance/Romance\", a musical starring herself and \"Quantum Leap\" star, Scott Bakula. For her dual-role as Josefine/Monica, Fraser received her first Tony Award Nomination. In 1991, Fraser appeared in \"The Secret Garden,\" a musical based on the children's story by Frances Hodgson Burnett. For originating the role of Martha, Fraser earned a second Tony Award Nomination. \" The Secret Garden\" also featured Mandy Patinkin, Daisy Eagan, John Cameron Mitchell and Rebecca Luker. Fraser stars in the one-woman show \"A Tennessee Williams Songbook\" conceived and directed by David Kaplan with musical direction by Allison Leyton-Brown. The show premiered at The Tennessee Williams Festival in Williams' birthplace of Columbus, Mississippi and went on to great acclaim at the annual Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival. An original cast album titled \"Tennessee Williams: Words and Music\" was released on Sh-K-Boom Records in 2013. Fraser portrayed the flamboyant but clueless \"Babs Caplan\" on the award-winning PBS series, \"Between the Lions\". She has appeared on the TV series \"Gotham\", \"High Maintenance\", \"Smash\", \"\", \"Happy!\", and \"Third Watch\".", "Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival The Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival is an annual five-day literary festival in the city of New Orleans. The festival is dedicated to American playwright Tennessee Williams, who lived and worked in the city, and later won the Pulitzer Prize. Each year, it features several events related to the long career of that writer, as well as writing workshops, panel discussions, literary readings, stage performances, a book fair, music, writing contests, and other events related to American literature, poetry, drama, opera, film, photography, art, history, culture, and cooking. The signature event is the \"Stella and Stanley Shouting Contest\" that closes the festival. The festival in New Orleans is not related to the Mississippi Delta Tennessee Williams Festival in Clarksdale, Mississippi, which is held annually in October in the childhood hometown of Tennessee Williams. Other festivals around the country also commemorate this writer. Tennessee Williams was not native to New Orleans, but he lived in New Orleans's French Quarter at several points in his adult life. Two of his major plays, \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" and \"Vieux Carr\u00e9\", and several short stories were set in the historic French Quarter. Shortly after Williams's death in 1983, the city of New Orleans happened to undergo an economic recession. Among the proposals to attract tourists to the city and French Quarter, and revitalize the local economy, was to establish a literary festival dedicated to Williams. The first Tennessee Williams Festival was a two-day event held in 1986, drawing an estimated 500 attendees. However, the event quickly grew; it now attracts over 10,000 attendees every year. In March 2006, the festival was the first major event to be held in New Orleans following the disaster of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina. On slightly higher ground, the French Quarter was not among the areas that were flooded during the disaster.", "List of one-act plays by Tennessee Williams This is a list of the one-act plays written by American playwright Tennessee Williams. \"Beauty Is the Word\" is Tennessee Williams' first play. The 12-page one-act was written in 1930 while Williams was a freshman at University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri and submitted to a contest run by the school's Dramatic Arts Club. \"Beauty\" was staged in competition and became the first freshman play ever to be selected for citation (it was awarded honorable mention); the college paper noted that it was \"a play with an original and constructive idea, but the handling is too didactic and the dialog often too moralistic.\". The play tells the story of a South Pacific missionary, Abelard, and his wife, Mabel, and \"both endorses the minister's life and corrects his tendency to Victorian prudery.\" \"Why Do You Smoke So Much, Lily?\" was written in February 1935. In it, Lily, a frustrated chain-smoking young woman, is hounded by her mother. After being discovered in the papers left to the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, \"Lily\" was first produced by the Chattanooga Theatre Centre (Chattanooga, TN) as part of the Fellowship of Southern Writers' Conference on Southern Literature, a biennial event that was hosted by the influential Arts and Education Council of Chattanooga. \"Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay! \" was Williams' first produced play. He wrote it in 1935 while he was staying in the Midtown, Memphis home of his grandparents. It was first performed July 12, 1935, by the \"Garden Players\" community theater in Memphis, Tennessee. Regarding this production, Williams wrote, \"The laughter ... enchanted me. Then and there the theatre and I found each other for better and for worse.", "Michael Arata Michael Arata (born February 23, 1966) is an American actor and film producer. He began his acting career at age four and has since appeared on stage, in feature films and television programs. Arata was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. As an actor, he has worked with Academy Award winners Oliver Stone, Gene Hackman, Kevin Costner, Jamie Foxx, Tatum O'Neil, Kim Hunter, Billy Bob Thornton, Denzel Washington, Ellen Burstyn and Sissy Spacek, and has appeared on stage with Sir Kenneth Branagh, Ben Kingsley, and Rosemary Harris, as well as Alec Baldwin and Elizabeth Ashley in Tennessee Williams's classic The Night of the Iguana. In addition to his film history, Arata has extensive theater experience, including acting and producing the works of Tennessee Williams, Caryl Churchill, Tony Kushner, and William Shakespeare. In 1997, American Theatre Magazine hailed Arata's performance of Stanley Kowalski in the 50th anniversary production of Tennessee Williams' classic A Streetcar Named Desire as \"unhinged and electrifying\", and reviewer Dalt Wonk called the performance \"a Stanley for our times\". Prior to Hurricane Katrina, Arata produced Shakespeare in City Park in New Orleans, the city's only outdoor theater, as well as several productions in conjunction with the Tennessee Williams Literary Festival. In 1989, Michael Arata began producing films, starting with his first short film \"Looking For Someone\". The film won the Grand Jury Award for Best Narrative Short at the Utah Short Film Festival. Since then, Arata has produced documentaries (\"The People's Story\" on the devastation caused by Hurricane Mitch in Central America winner of the Houston International Film Festival and Telluride Independent Film Festival;"], "answer": {"text": "University of Missouri, in Columbia,", "answer_start": 35}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b3715204c684455fa3eef156b1af1a57_0_q#1", "question": "What did he study there?", "rewrite": "What did Tennessee Williams study at the University of Missouri?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She played \"Miss Drumgoole\" in Todd Rundgren's adaptation of Joe Orton's \"Up Against It\" (New York Shakespeare Festival), \"Uta\" in Charles Busch and Rusty Magee's \"The Green Heart\" (Manhattan Theatre Club), \"Connie\"/\"Petula\"/\"Brenda\" in \"Beehive\" at the Village Gate, and \"Marion Ames\" in \"Swingtime Canteen\". In 1988, she appeared on Broadway in \"Romance/Romance\", a musical starring herself and \"Quantum Leap\" star, Scott Bakula. For her dual-role as Josefine/Monica, Fraser received her first Tony Award Nomination. In 1991, Fraser appeared in \"The Secret Garden,\" a musical based on the children's story by Frances Hodgson Burnett. For originating the role of Martha, Fraser earned a second Tony Award Nomination. \" The Secret Garden\" also featured Mandy Patinkin, Daisy Eagan, John Cameron Mitchell and Rebecca Luker. Fraser stars in the one-woman show \"A Tennessee Williams Songbook\" conceived and directed by David Kaplan with musical direction by Allison Leyton-Brown. The show premiered at The Tennessee Williams Festival in Williams' birthplace of Columbus, Mississippi and went on to great acclaim at the annual Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival. An original cast album titled \"Tennessee Williams: Words and Music\" was released on Sh-K-Boom Records in 2013. Fraser portrayed the flamboyant but clueless \"Babs Caplan\" on the award-winning PBS series, \"Between the Lions\". She has appeared on the TV series \"Gotham\", \"High Maintenance\", \"Smash\", \"\", \"Happy!\", and \"Third Watch\".", "However, due to particular backlash originating from student members of the Board of Trustees and faculty in the University's School of Theology, the Board of Regents reversed their original decision and rescinded Rose's honorary doctorate. The Sewanee campus overlooks the Tennessee Valley, consisting of 13,000 acres on the Cumberland Plateau. It includes many buildings constructed of various materials faced with local stone, most done in the Gothic style. In September 2011, it was named by \"Travel + Leisure\" as one of the most beautiful college campuses in the United States. The \"Sewanee Review\", founded in 1892, is the oldest continuously-published literary magazine in the country and has published many distinguished authors. Its success has helped launch the Sewanee Writers' Conference, held each summer. The School of Letters, offering an M.A. in English and M.F.A. in Creative Writing, was established in 2006. The current editor is Adam Ross (author). Sewanee and its environs have been the (temporary or full-time) residence of authors such as Allen Tate, Andrew Lytle, William Alexander Percy, Walker Percy, Shelby Foote, Caroline Gordon, and Robert Lowell. In 1983 playwright and Pulitzer Prize winner Tennessee Williams left his literary rights to the University of the South. Royalties have helped build the Tennessee Williams Center, a performance venue and teaching facility, and to create the Tennessee Williams teaching fellowships, which bring well-known figures in the arts to the campus. \"\"\"\", the university's motto, is taken from the opening of Psalm 133: \"Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity.\" Since Fall 2008, the university has held an annual Sustainability Week, which featured speakers, feasts of local foods, and environmentally themed documentaries.", "List of one-act plays by Tennessee Williams This is a list of the one-act plays written by American playwright Tennessee Williams. \"Beauty Is the Word\" is Tennessee Williams' first play. The 12-page one-act was written in 1930 while Williams was a freshman at University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri and submitted to a contest run by the school's Dramatic Arts Club. \"Beauty\" was staged in competition and became the first freshman play ever to be selected for citation (it was awarded honorable mention); the college paper noted that it was \"a play with an original and constructive idea, but the handling is too didactic and the dialog often too moralistic.\". The play tells the story of a South Pacific missionary, Abelard, and his wife, Mabel, and \"both endorses the minister's life and corrects his tendency to Victorian prudery.\" \"Why Do You Smoke So Much, Lily?\" was written in February 1935. In it, Lily, a frustrated chain-smoking young woman, is hounded by her mother. After being discovered in the papers left to the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, \"Lily\" was first produced by the Chattanooga Theatre Centre (Chattanooga, TN) as part of the Fellowship of Southern Writers' Conference on Southern Literature, a biennial event that was hosted by the influential Arts and Education Council of Chattanooga. \"Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay! \" was Williams' first produced play. He wrote it in 1935 while he was staying in the Midtown, Memphis home of his grandparents. It was first performed July 12, 1935, by the \"Garden Players\" community theater in Memphis, Tennessee. Regarding this production, Williams wrote, \"The laughter ... enchanted me. Then and there the theatre and I found each other for better and for worse.", "Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival The Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival is an annual five-day literary festival in the city of New Orleans. The festival is dedicated to American playwright Tennessee Williams, who lived and worked in the city, and later won the Pulitzer Prize. Each year, it features several events related to the long career of that writer, as well as writing workshops, panel discussions, literary readings, stage performances, a book fair, music, writing contests, and other events related to American literature, poetry, drama, opera, film, photography, art, history, culture, and cooking. The signature event is the \"Stella and Stanley Shouting Contest\" that closes the festival. The festival in New Orleans is not related to the Mississippi Delta Tennessee Williams Festival in Clarksdale, Mississippi, which is held annually in October in the childhood hometown of Tennessee Williams. Other festivals around the country also commemorate this writer. Tennessee Williams was not native to New Orleans, but he lived in New Orleans's French Quarter at several points in his adult life. Two of his major plays, \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" and \"Vieux Carr\u00e9\", and several short stories were set in the historic French Quarter. Shortly after Williams's death in 1983, the city of New Orleans happened to undergo an economic recession. Among the proposals to attract tourists to the city and French Quarter, and revitalize the local economy, was to establish a literary festival dedicated to Williams. The first Tennessee Williams Festival was a two-day event held in 1986, drawing an estimated 500 attendees. However, the event quickly grew; it now attracts over 10,000 attendees every year. In March 2006, the festival was the first major event to be held in New Orleans following the disaster of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina. On slightly higher ground, the French Quarter was not among the areas that were flooded during the disaster.", "Michael Arata Michael Arata (born February 23, 1966) is an American actor and film producer. He began his acting career at age four and has since appeared on stage, in feature films and television programs. Arata was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. As an actor, he has worked with Academy Award winners Oliver Stone, Gene Hackman, Kevin Costner, Jamie Foxx, Tatum O'Neil, Kim Hunter, Billy Bob Thornton, Denzel Washington, Ellen Burstyn and Sissy Spacek, and has appeared on stage with Sir Kenneth Branagh, Ben Kingsley, and Rosemary Harris, as well as Alec Baldwin and Elizabeth Ashley in Tennessee Williams's classic The Night of the Iguana. In addition to his film history, Arata has extensive theater experience, including acting and producing the works of Tennessee Williams, Caryl Churchill, Tony Kushner, and William Shakespeare. In 1997, American Theatre Magazine hailed Arata's performance of Stanley Kowalski in the 50th anniversary production of Tennessee Williams' classic A Streetcar Named Desire as \"unhinged and electrifying\", and reviewer Dalt Wonk called the performance \"a Stanley for our times\". Prior to Hurricane Katrina, Arata produced Shakespeare in City Park in New Orleans, the city's only outdoor theater, as well as several productions in conjunction with the Tennessee Williams Literary Festival. In 1989, Michael Arata began producing films, starting with his first short film \"Looking For Someone\". The film won the Grand Jury Award for Best Narrative Short at the Utah Short Film Festival. Since then, Arata has produced documentaries (\"The People's Story\" on the devastation caused by Hurricane Mitch in Central America winner of the Houston International Film Festival and Telluride Independent Film Festival;"], "answer": {"text": "where he enrolled in journalism classes.", "answer_start": 72}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tennessee Williams go to school?", "answer": {"text": "University of Missouri, in Columbia,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b3715204c684455fa3eef156b1af1a57_0_q#2", "question": "Was his major journalism?", "rewrite": "Was Tennessee Williams's major journalism?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Principal sponsors of the Festival include the Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities, the Historic New Orleans Collection, the University of New Orleans, Tulane University, and the Le Petit Theatre. The five-day Festival is held on the weekend nearest March 26, the birthday of Tennessee Williams. This is usually the fourth week of March. Festival events are held at several sites around the French Quarter. Half of these events are either speakers or discussion panels, featuring experts from literature, theater, film, the arts, history, culture, and other topics. In addition to these panels, there are master classes for aspiring writers, including advice from published writers, literary agents, and editors in the publishing industry. The Festival also hosts musical performances by local musicians. Past speakers have included prominent authors and playwrights such as Edward Albee, Robert Olen Butler, Richard Ford, Michael Cunningham, Phillip Caputo, Rick Bragg, and Yusef Komunyakaa. Other speakers have included writers Anne Rice, Cokie Roberts, Michael Cunningham, John Waters, Nora Roberts, Stephen E. Ambrose, Douglas Brinkley, James Carville, Andrei Codrescu, Sue Grafton, Margaret Atwood, Larry Brown, Margaret Walker, Fannie Flagg, Allen Gilchrist, Kaye Gibbons, Dorothy Allison, Barry Gifford, Rex Reed, Peggy Scott Labrode, and Errol Laborde, as well as actors Patricia Clarkson, Stephanie Zimbalist, Alec Baldwin, John Goodman, Tab Hunter, Dixie Carter, Gerald McRaney, Elizabeth Ashley, Anne Jackson, Eli Wallach, and Kim Hunter. Tennessee Williams's brother, Dakin Williams, was a frequent guest at the Festival until his death in 2008. Another major feature of the Festival is its theatrical productions, including productions of full-length plays and one-act plays by Tennessee Williams, as well as works by other writers.", "Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival The Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival is an annual five-day literary festival in the city of New Orleans. The festival is dedicated to American playwright Tennessee Williams, who lived and worked in the city, and later won the Pulitzer Prize. Each year, it features several events related to the long career of that writer, as well as writing workshops, panel discussions, literary readings, stage performances, a book fair, music, writing contests, and other events related to American literature, poetry, drama, opera, film, photography, art, history, culture, and cooking. The signature event is the \"Stella and Stanley Shouting Contest\" that closes the festival. The festival in New Orleans is not related to the Mississippi Delta Tennessee Williams Festival in Clarksdale, Mississippi, which is held annually in October in the childhood hometown of Tennessee Williams. Other festivals around the country also commemorate this writer. Tennessee Williams was not native to New Orleans, but he lived in New Orleans's French Quarter at several points in his adult life. Two of his major plays, \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" and \"Vieux Carr\u00e9\", and several short stories were set in the historic French Quarter. Shortly after Williams's death in 1983, the city of New Orleans happened to undergo an economic recession. Among the proposals to attract tourists to the city and French Quarter, and revitalize the local economy, was to establish a literary festival dedicated to Williams. The first Tennessee Williams Festival was a two-day event held in 1986, drawing an estimated 500 attendees. However, the event quickly grew; it now attracts over 10,000 attendees every year. In March 2006, the festival was the first major event to be held in New Orleans following the disaster of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina. On slightly higher ground, the French Quarter was not among the areas that were flooded during the disaster.", "She played \"Miss Drumgoole\" in Todd Rundgren's adaptation of Joe Orton's \"Up Against It\" (New York Shakespeare Festival), \"Uta\" in Charles Busch and Rusty Magee's \"The Green Heart\" (Manhattan Theatre Club), \"Connie\"/\"Petula\"/\"Brenda\" in \"Beehive\" at the Village Gate, and \"Marion Ames\" in \"Swingtime Canteen\". In 1988, she appeared on Broadway in \"Romance/Romance\", a musical starring herself and \"Quantum Leap\" star, Scott Bakula. For her dual-role as Josefine/Monica, Fraser received her first Tony Award Nomination. In 1991, Fraser appeared in \"The Secret Garden,\" a musical based on the children's story by Frances Hodgson Burnett. For originating the role of Martha, Fraser earned a second Tony Award Nomination. \" The Secret Garden\" also featured Mandy Patinkin, Daisy Eagan, John Cameron Mitchell and Rebecca Luker. Fraser stars in the one-woman show \"A Tennessee Williams Songbook\" conceived and directed by David Kaplan with musical direction by Allison Leyton-Brown. The show premiered at The Tennessee Williams Festival in Williams' birthplace of Columbus, Mississippi and went on to great acclaim at the annual Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival. An original cast album titled \"Tennessee Williams: Words and Music\" was released on Sh-K-Boom Records in 2013. Fraser portrayed the flamboyant but clueless \"Babs Caplan\" on the award-winning PBS series, \"Between the Lions\". She has appeared on the TV series \"Gotham\", \"High Maintenance\", \"Smash\", \"\", \"Happy!\", and \"Third Watch\".", "List of one-act plays by Tennessee Williams This is a list of the one-act plays written by American playwright Tennessee Williams. \"Beauty Is the Word\" is Tennessee Williams' first play. The 12-page one-act was written in 1930 while Williams was a freshman at University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri and submitted to a contest run by the school's Dramatic Arts Club. \"Beauty\" was staged in competition and became the first freshman play ever to be selected for citation (it was awarded honorable mention); the college paper noted that it was \"a play with an original and constructive idea, but the handling is too didactic and the dialog often too moralistic.\". The play tells the story of a South Pacific missionary, Abelard, and his wife, Mabel, and \"both endorses the minister's life and corrects his tendency to Victorian prudery.\" \"Why Do You Smoke So Much, Lily?\" was written in February 1935. In it, Lily, a frustrated chain-smoking young woman, is hounded by her mother. After being discovered in the papers left to the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, \"Lily\" was first produced by the Chattanooga Theatre Centre (Chattanooga, TN) as part of the Fellowship of Southern Writers' Conference on Southern Literature, a biennial event that was hosted by the influential Arts and Education Council of Chattanooga. \"Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay! \" was Williams' first produced play. He wrote it in 1935 while he was staying in the Midtown, Memphis home of his grandparents. It was first performed July 12, 1935, by the \"Garden Players\" community theater in Memphis, Tennessee. Regarding this production, Williams wrote, \"The laughter ... enchanted me. Then and there the theatre and I found each other for better and for worse.", "Michael Arata Michael Arata (born February 23, 1966) is an American actor and film producer. He began his acting career at age four and has since appeared on stage, in feature films and television programs. Arata was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. As an actor, he has worked with Academy Award winners Oliver Stone, Gene Hackman, Kevin Costner, Jamie Foxx, Tatum O'Neil, Kim Hunter, Billy Bob Thornton, Denzel Washington, Ellen Burstyn and Sissy Spacek, and has appeared on stage with Sir Kenneth Branagh, Ben Kingsley, and Rosemary Harris, as well as Alec Baldwin and Elizabeth Ashley in Tennessee Williams's classic The Night of the Iguana. In addition to his film history, Arata has extensive theater experience, including acting and producing the works of Tennessee Williams, Caryl Churchill, Tony Kushner, and William Shakespeare. In 1997, American Theatre Magazine hailed Arata's performance of Stanley Kowalski in the 50th anniversary production of Tennessee Williams' classic A Streetcar Named Desire as \"unhinged and electrifying\", and reviewer Dalt Wonk called the performance \"a Stanley for our times\". Prior to Hurricane Katrina, Arata produced Shakespeare in City Park in New Orleans, the city's only outdoor theater, as well as several productions in conjunction with the Tennessee Williams Literary Festival. In 1989, Michael Arata began producing films, starting with his first short film \"Looking For Someone\". The film won the Grand Jury Award for Best Narrative Short at the Utah Short Film Festival. Since then, Arata has produced documentaries (\"The People's Story\" on the devastation caused by Hurricane Mitch in Central America winner of the Houston International Film Festival and Telluride Independent Film Festival;"], "answer": {"text": "enrolled in journalism classes.", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tennessee Williams go to school?", "answer": {"text": "University of Missouri, in Columbia,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "where he enrolled in journalism classes.", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b3715204c684455fa3eef156b1af1a57_0_q#3", "question": "When did he graduate?", "rewrite": "When did Tennessee Williams graduate from the University of Missouri?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of one-act plays by Tennessee Williams This is a list of the one-act plays written by American playwright Tennessee Williams. \"Beauty Is the Word\" is Tennessee Williams' first play. The 12-page one-act was written in 1930 while Williams was a freshman at University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri and submitted to a contest run by the school's Dramatic Arts Club. \"Beauty\" was staged in competition and became the first freshman play ever to be selected for citation (it was awarded honorable mention); the college paper noted that it was \"a play with an original and constructive idea, but the handling is too didactic and the dialog often too moralistic.\". The play tells the story of a South Pacific missionary, Abelard, and his wife, Mabel, and \"both endorses the minister's life and corrects his tendency to Victorian prudery.\" \"Why Do You Smoke So Much, Lily?\" was written in February 1935. In it, Lily, a frustrated chain-smoking young woman, is hounded by her mother. After being discovered in the papers left to the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, \"Lily\" was first produced by the Chattanooga Theatre Centre (Chattanooga, TN) as part of the Fellowship of Southern Writers' Conference on Southern Literature, a biennial event that was hosted by the influential Arts and Education Council of Chattanooga. \"Cairo, Shanghai, Bombay! \" was Williams' first produced play. He wrote it in 1935 while he was staying in the Midtown, Memphis home of his grandparents. It was first performed July 12, 1935, by the \"Garden Players\" community theater in Memphis, Tennessee. Regarding this production, Williams wrote, \"The laughter ... enchanted me. Then and there the theatre and I found each other for better and for worse.", "However, due to particular backlash originating from student members of the Board of Trustees and faculty in the University's School of Theology, the Board of Regents reversed their original decision and rescinded Rose's honorary doctorate. The Sewanee campus overlooks the Tennessee Valley, consisting of 13,000 acres on the Cumberland Plateau. It includes many buildings constructed of various materials faced with local stone, most done in the Gothic style. In September 2011, it was named by \"Travel + Leisure\" as one of the most beautiful college campuses in the United States. The \"Sewanee Review\", founded in 1892, is the oldest continuously-published literary magazine in the country and has published many distinguished authors. Its success has helped launch the Sewanee Writers' Conference, held each summer. The School of Letters, offering an M.A. in English and M.F.A. in Creative Writing, was established in 2006. The current editor is Adam Ross (author). Sewanee and its environs have been the (temporary or full-time) residence of authors such as Allen Tate, Andrew Lytle, William Alexander Percy, Walker Percy, Shelby Foote, Caroline Gordon, and Robert Lowell. In 1983 playwright and Pulitzer Prize winner Tennessee Williams left his literary rights to the University of the South. Royalties have helped build the Tennessee Williams Center, a performance venue and teaching facility, and to create the Tennessee Williams teaching fellowships, which bring well-known figures in the arts to the campus. \"\"\"\", the university's motto, is taken from the opening of Psalm 133: \"Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity.\" Since Fall 2008, the university has held an annual Sustainability Week, which featured speakers, feasts of local foods, and environmentally themed documentaries.", "She played \"Miss Drumgoole\" in Todd Rundgren's adaptation of Joe Orton's \"Up Against It\" (New York Shakespeare Festival), \"Uta\" in Charles Busch and Rusty Magee's \"The Green Heart\" (Manhattan Theatre Club), \"Connie\"/\"Petula\"/\"Brenda\" in \"Beehive\" at the Village Gate, and \"Marion Ames\" in \"Swingtime Canteen\". In 1988, she appeared on Broadway in \"Romance/Romance\", a musical starring herself and \"Quantum Leap\" star, Scott Bakula. For her dual-role as Josefine/Monica, Fraser received her first Tony Award Nomination. In 1991, Fraser appeared in \"The Secret Garden,\" a musical based on the children's story by Frances Hodgson Burnett. For originating the role of Martha, Fraser earned a second Tony Award Nomination. \" The Secret Garden\" also featured Mandy Patinkin, Daisy Eagan, John Cameron Mitchell and Rebecca Luker. Fraser stars in the one-woman show \"A Tennessee Williams Songbook\" conceived and directed by David Kaplan with musical direction by Allison Leyton-Brown. The show premiered at The Tennessee Williams Festival in Williams' birthplace of Columbus, Mississippi and went on to great acclaim at the annual Provincetown Tennessee Williams Festival. An original cast album titled \"Tennessee Williams: Words and Music\" was released on Sh-K-Boom Records in 2013. Fraser portrayed the flamboyant but clueless \"Babs Caplan\" on the award-winning PBS series, \"Between the Lions\". She has appeared on the TV series \"Gotham\", \"High Maintenance\", \"Smash\", \"\", \"Happy!\", and \"Third Watch\".", "Michael Arata Michael Arata (born February 23, 1966) is an American actor and film producer. He began his acting career at age four and has since appeared on stage, in feature films and television programs. Arata was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. As an actor, he has worked with Academy Award winners Oliver Stone, Gene Hackman, Kevin Costner, Jamie Foxx, Tatum O'Neil, Kim Hunter, Billy Bob Thornton, Denzel Washington, Ellen Burstyn and Sissy Spacek, and has appeared on stage with Sir Kenneth Branagh, Ben Kingsley, and Rosemary Harris, as well as Alec Baldwin and Elizabeth Ashley in Tennessee Williams's classic The Night of the Iguana. In addition to his film history, Arata has extensive theater experience, including acting and producing the works of Tennessee Williams, Caryl Churchill, Tony Kushner, and William Shakespeare. In 1997, American Theatre Magazine hailed Arata's performance of Stanley Kowalski in the 50th anniversary production of Tennessee Williams' classic A Streetcar Named Desire as \"unhinged and electrifying\", and reviewer Dalt Wonk called the performance \"a Stanley for our times\". Prior to Hurricane Katrina, Arata produced Shakespeare in City Park in New Orleans, the city's only outdoor theater, as well as several productions in conjunction with the Tennessee Williams Literary Festival. In 1989, Michael Arata began producing films, starting with his first short film \"Looking For Someone\". The film won the Grand Jury Award for Best Narrative Short at the Utah Short Film Festival. Since then, Arata has produced documentaries (\"The People's Story\" on the devastation caused by Hurricane Mitch in Central America winner of the Houston International Film Festival and Telluride Independent Film Festival;", "Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival The Tennessee Williams/New Orleans Literary Festival is an annual five-day literary festival in the city of New Orleans. The festival is dedicated to American playwright Tennessee Williams, who lived and worked in the city, and later won the Pulitzer Prize. Each year, it features several events related to the long career of that writer, as well as writing workshops, panel discussions, literary readings, stage performances, a book fair, music, writing contests, and other events related to American literature, poetry, drama, opera, film, photography, art, history, culture, and cooking. The signature event is the \"Stella and Stanley Shouting Contest\" that closes the festival. The festival in New Orleans is not related to the Mississippi Delta Tennessee Williams Festival in Clarksdale, Mississippi, which is held annually in October in the childhood hometown of Tennessee Williams. Other festivals around the country also commemorate this writer. Tennessee Williams was not native to New Orleans, but he lived in New Orleans's French Quarter at several points in his adult life. Two of his major plays, \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" and \"Vieux Carr\u00e9\", and several short stories were set in the historic French Quarter. Shortly after Williams's death in 1983, the city of New Orleans happened to undergo an economic recession. Among the proposals to attract tourists to the city and French Quarter, and revitalize the local economy, was to establish a literary festival dedicated to Williams. The first Tennessee Williams Festival was a two-day event held in 1986, drawing an estimated 500 attendees. However, the event quickly grew; it now attracts over 10,000 attendees every year. In March 2006, the festival was the first major event to be held in New Orleans following the disaster of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina. On slightly higher ground, the French Quarter was not among the areas that were flooded during the disaster."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tennessee Williams go to school?", "answer": {"text": "University of Missouri, in Columbia,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "where he enrolled in journalism classes.", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his major journalism?", "answer": {"text": "enrolled in journalism classes.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "rewrite": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. He was succeeded in his Irish titles by his first cousin once removed, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. The title Earl of Mornington is now used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Marquess of Douro, himself the heir apparent to the Duke of Wellington. As of 2015 the title is held by courtesy by Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro and grandson of Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington. The Wesley or Wellesley family descended from Sir Richard de Wellesley (15th century). His grandson Sir William Wellesley (died 1602) lived at Dangan Castle, County Meath. The family estates passed down the male lines. One of Wellesley's daughters, Alison, married John Cusack. Their son Sir Thomas Cusack served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1551 and 1554. His daughter, Katherine, married Sir Henry Colley (or Cowley) (16th century), of Castle Carbery, County Kildare. Their grandson Sir Henry Colley represented Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley (or Cowley), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown. His son Henry Colley (or Cowley) was the father of Henry Cowley, who represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons, and of Garret Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854.", "Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small market town in rural Somerset, a county in the west of England, situated south west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, near the border with Devon, which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town. The town has a population of 14,549, which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without, and the villages of Tone and Tonedale. Known as \"Weolingtun\" in the Anglo-Saxon period, its name had changed to \"Walintone\" by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter. Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for cloth-making. Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument. Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book \"Wellington as Military Commander\" by Michael Glover (), Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington."], "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#1", "question": "Did he have siblings", "rewrite": "Did Arthur Wellesley have siblings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854.", "Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small market town in rural Somerset, a county in the west of England, situated south west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, near the border with Devon, which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town. The town has a population of 14,549, which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without, and the villages of Tone and Tonedale. Known as \"Weolingtun\" in the Anglo-Saxon period, its name had changed to \"Walintone\" by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter. Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for cloth-making. Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument. Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book \"Wellington as Military Commander\" by Michael Glover (), Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. He was succeeded in his Irish titles by his first cousin once removed, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. The title Earl of Mornington is now used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Marquess of Douro, himself the heir apparent to the Duke of Wellington. As of 2015 the title is held by courtesy by Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro and grandson of Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington. The Wesley or Wellesley family descended from Sir Richard de Wellesley (15th century). His grandson Sir William Wellesley (died 1602) lived at Dangan Castle, County Meath. The family estates passed down the male lines. One of Wellesley's daughters, Alison, married John Cusack. Their son Sir Thomas Cusack served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1551 and 1554. His daughter, Katherine, married Sir Henry Colley (or Cowley) (16th century), of Castle Carbery, County Kildare. Their grandson Sir Henry Colley represented Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley (or Cowley), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown. His son Henry Colley (or Cowley) was the father of Henry Cowley, who represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons, and of Garret Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#2", "question": "Did he go to college.", "rewrite": "Did Arthur Wellesley go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. He was succeeded in his Irish titles by his first cousin once removed, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. The title Earl of Mornington is now used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Marquess of Douro, himself the heir apparent to the Duke of Wellington. As of 2015 the title is held by courtesy by Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro and grandson of Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington. The Wesley or Wellesley family descended from Sir Richard de Wellesley (15th century). His grandson Sir William Wellesley (died 1602) lived at Dangan Castle, County Meath. The family estates passed down the male lines. One of Wellesley's daughters, Alison, married John Cusack. Their son Sir Thomas Cusack served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1551 and 1554. His daughter, Katherine, married Sir Henry Colley (or Cowley) (16th century), of Castle Carbery, County Kildare. Their grandson Sir Henry Colley represented Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley (or Cowley), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown. His son Henry Colley (or Cowley) was the father of Henry Cowley, who represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons, and of Garret Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small market town in rural Somerset, a county in the west of England, situated south west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, near the border with Devon, which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town. The town has a population of 14,549, which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without, and the villages of Tone and Tonedale. Known as \"Weolingtun\" in the Anglo-Saxon period, its name had changed to \"Walintone\" by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter. Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for cloth-making. Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument. Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book \"Wellington as Military Commander\" by Michael Glover (), Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington.", "Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854."], "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Eton College, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.", "answer_start": 1462}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#3", "question": "What did he study", "rewrite": "What did Arthur Wellesley study at Eton College?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854.", "Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "In 1833, he resumed the office of Lord Lieutenant under Earl Grey, but the ministry soon fell, and, with one short exception, Wellesley did not take any further part in official life. On his death, he had no successor in the marquessate, but the earldom of Mornington and minor honours devolved on his brother William, Lord Maryborough, on the failure of whose issue in 1863 they fell to the 2nd Duke of Wellington. He and Arthur, after a long estrangement, had been once more on friendly terms for some years : Arthur wept at the funeral, and said that he knew of no honour greater than being Lord Wellesley's brother. Wellesley was buried in Eton College Chapel, at his old school. The Township of Wellesley, in Ontario, Canada, was named in Richard Wellesley's honour, despite the many references (e.g.: Waterloo, Wellington County) to his brother, Arthur Wellesley in the surrounding area, as was Wellesley Island, located in the St. Lawrence river at Alexandria Bay. Wellesley Island also serves as the last point exiting the United States before crossing to Hill Island, in Canada. Province Wellesley, in the state of Penang, Malaysia; was named after Richard Wellesley. It was originally part of the state of Kedah. It was ceded to the British East India Company by the Sultan of Kedah in 1798, and has been part of the settlement and state of Penang ever since. Now it has been renamed \"Seberang Perai\" in the Malay language. The Wellesley Islands off the north coast of Queensland, Australia, were named by Matthew Flinders in honour of Richard Wellesley. The largest island in the group is Mornington Island. Mornington Peninsula, south of Melbourne, was named after him. As of the summer of 2007, a portrait of Marquess Wellesley hangs in the Throne Room at Buckingham Palace.", "Lord Charles Wellesley Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley (16 January 1808 \u2013 9 October 1858, Apsley House) was a British politician, soldier and courtier. He was the second son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and Catherine Pakenham. He was educated at Eton College, and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1824, aged 16. He was rusticated by the Dean of Christ Church, Samuel Smith, transferring in 1826 to Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating M.A. in 1831. He married Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont, daughter of The Hon. Henry Pierrepont, on 9 July 1844. They had six children:   Wellesley represented the Conservative Party as the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Hampshire from 1842 to 1852, and the MP for Windsor from 1852 to 1855. He was also a Chief Equerry and Clerk Marshal to Queen Victoria. Lord Charles died aged 50 in 1858. When his older brother, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, died in 1884 with no heirs, Lord Charles's second child, Henry Wellesley (as the oldest surviving son) inherited his uncle's dukedom as Duke of Wellington. When Henry also died childless in 1900, the peerage passed to Lord Charles\u2019 second son Arthur Wellesley, Henry's brother."], "answer": {"text": "Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. In 1785, a lack of success at Eton, combined", "answer_start": 205}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college.", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Eton College, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.", "answer_start": 1462, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides attending Eton College, are there any other interesting aspects about Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Early life and education?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Arms, titles, honours and styles of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (\u201314 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. His military career culminated at the Battle of Waterloo, where, along with Bl\u00fccher, he defeated the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was also twice Tory Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. During his life, Wellington received numerous honours, titles and awards throughout his career as a statesman and soldier. These include awards, statues and monuments, as well as buildings and places named after him. At his funeral Wellesley's style was proclaimed (laid out in the following order and format in the \"London Gazette\"): Wellington's arms were given an Augmentation of Honour of the union badge of the United Kingdom to commemorate his services. He bore, \"Quarterly, I and IV gules, a cross argent, in each quarter five plates of the same; II and III, Or, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure. For augmentation, an inescutcheon charged with the crosses of St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick combined, being the union badge of the United Kingdom.\" His brother William selected the name Wellington for its similarity to the family surname of Wellesley, which derives from the village of Wellesley in Somerset, not far from that of Wellington. Since he did not return to England until the Peninsular War was over, he was awarded all his patents of nobility in a single day. The Duke of Wellington stood as godfather to Queen Victoria's seventh child, Prince Arthur, in 1850. Prince Arthur was also born on the first of May; and as a toddler, young Arthur was encouraged to remind people that the Duke of Wellington was his godfather.", "Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854.", "Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "Lord Charles Wellesley Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley (16 January 1808 \u2013 9 October 1858, Apsley House) was a British politician, soldier and courtier. He was the second son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and Catherine Pakenham. He was educated at Eton College, and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1824, aged 16. He was rusticated by the Dean of Christ Church, Samuel Smith, transferring in 1826 to Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating M.A. in 1831. He married Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont, daughter of The Hon. Henry Pierrepont, on 9 July 1844. They had six children:   Wellesley represented the Conservative Party as the Member of Parliament (MP) for South Hampshire from 1842 to 1852, and the MP for Windsor from 1852 to 1855. He was also a Chief Equerry and Clerk Marshal to Queen Victoria. Lord Charles died aged 50 in 1858. When his older brother, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, died in 1884 with no heirs, Lord Charles's second child, Henry Wellesley (as the oldest surviving son) inherited his uncle's dukedom as Duke of Wellington. When Henry also died childless in 1900, the peerage passed to Lord Charles\u2019 second son Arthur Wellesley, Henry's brother."], "answer": {"text": "In 1781, Arthur's father died and his eldest brother Richard inherited his father's earldom.", "answer_start": 1233}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college.", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Eton College, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.", "answer_start": 1462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study", "answer": {"text": "Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. In 1785, a lack of success at Eton, combined", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#5", "question": "How did he die?", "rewrite": "How did Arthur Wellesley die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854.", "Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. He was succeeded in his Irish titles by his first cousin once removed, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. The title Earl of Mornington is now used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Marquess of Douro, himself the heir apparent to the Duke of Wellington. As of 2015 the title is held by courtesy by Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro and grandson of Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington. The Wesley or Wellesley family descended from Sir Richard de Wellesley (15th century). His grandson Sir William Wellesley (died 1602) lived at Dangan Castle, County Meath. The family estates passed down the male lines. One of Wellesley's daughters, Alison, married John Cusack. Their son Sir Thomas Cusack served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1551 and 1554. His daughter, Katherine, married Sir Henry Colley (or Cowley) (16th century), of Castle Carbery, County Kildare. Their grandson Sir Henry Colley represented Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley (or Cowley), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown. His son Henry Colley (or Cowley) was the father of Henry Cowley, who represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons, and of Garret Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington.", "Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small market town in rural Somerset, a county in the west of England, situated south west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, near the border with Devon, which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town. The town has a population of 14,549, which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without, and the villages of Tone and Tonedale. Known as \"Weolingtun\" in the Anglo-Saxon period, its name had changed to \"Walintone\" by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter. Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for cloth-making. Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument. Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book \"Wellington as Military Commander\" by Michael Glover (), Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college.", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Eton College, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.", "answer_start": 1462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study", "answer": {"text": "Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. In 1785, a lack of success at Eton, combined", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1781, Arthur's father died and his eldest brother Richard inherited his father's earldom.", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#6", "question": "What else happen was interesting about him", "rewrite": "Besides Arthur's schooling and family history, what else happened to Arthur Wellesley that was interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. He was succeeded in his Irish titles by his first cousin once removed, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. The title Earl of Mornington is now used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Marquess of Douro, himself the heir apparent to the Duke of Wellington. As of 2015 the title is held by courtesy by Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro and grandson of Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington. The Wesley or Wellesley family descended from Sir Richard de Wellesley (15th century). His grandson Sir William Wellesley (died 1602) lived at Dangan Castle, County Meath. The family estates passed down the male lines. One of Wellesley's daughters, Alison, married John Cusack. Their son Sir Thomas Cusack served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1551 and 1554. His daughter, Katherine, married Sir Henry Colley (or Cowley) (16th century), of Castle Carbery, County Kildare. Their grandson Sir Henry Colley represented Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley (or Cowley), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown. His son Henry Colley (or Cowley) was the father of Henry Cowley, who represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons, and of Garret Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington.", "Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854.", "Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small market town in rural Somerset, a county in the west of England, situated south west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, near the border with Devon, which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town. The town has a population of 14,549, which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without, and the villages of Tone and Tonedale. Known as \"Weolingtun\" in the Anglo-Saxon period, its name had changed to \"Walintone\" by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter. Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for cloth-making. Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument. Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book \"Wellington as Military Commander\" by Michael Glover (), Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader."], "answer": {"text": "Until his early twenties, Arthur showed little sign of distinction and his mother grew increasingly concerned at his idleness,", "answer_start": 422}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college.", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Eton College, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.", "answer_start": 1462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study", "answer": {"text": "Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. In 1785, a lack of success at Eton, combined", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1781, Arthur's father died and his eldest brother Richard inherited his father's earldom.", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he die?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#7", "question": "What did she say to him", "rewrite": "What did Arthur Wellesley's mom say to Arthur about the idleness?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small market town in rural Somerset, a county in the west of England, situated south west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, near the border with Devon, which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town. The town has a population of 14,549, which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without, and the villages of Tone and Tonedale. Known as \"Weolingtun\" in the Anglo-Saxon period, its name had changed to \"Walintone\" by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter. Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for cloth-making. Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument. Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book \"Wellington as Military Commander\" by Michael Glover (), Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington.", "Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Ana Corbero Ana Corbero is a visual artist whose work includes paintings, sculptures, and designs. Born in 1961, the daughter of Catalan sculptor Xavier Corbero, she studied in the United States (Dallas, Philadelphia, New York City) and has lived in London, Barcelona, Paris and Beirut. In 1996 she married Nabil Gholam, the Beirut-based architect. Her figurative works display a sensitivity to the fragility of nature and the delicate relation between humans and their environment, as well as the variety and complexity of people's inheritances from family, culture, and history. The innocence and simultaneous lucidity of childhood is a theme that runs throughout her creations. Among her landmark creations are large paintings of water surfaces (the \"1001 Tears\" series); colossal sculptures of contemplative, childlike figures (\"Little Buddha\", \"Buddhito\" and \"Buddhette\") which have been exhibited in various public urban settings; the \"Postcards for Every Occasion\" print series; and the \"Maus Haus\" design creations. Since 2010, and as a direct result of the Israeli/Lebanese war of 2006 Corbero has published two collections of poems: Prickly Pear Poems and Pettered Patter Poems. In 2013 she held a solo exhibition, \"I&I = Us\", at the Beirut Exhibition Center conveying a pacifist message. It had taken her 18 months to put together. She has had individual exhibitions in places including London, Barcelona, Madrid, New York City, Dallas, Istanbul, Beirut, Napa Valley, Tokyo, and Singapore. Ana Corbero's works share a same taste of vocabulary. For a long time, this artist has built up a language of elements such as space illusions, pedestals and lights as verbs.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. He was succeeded in his Irish titles by his first cousin once removed, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. The title Earl of Mornington is now used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Marquess of Douro, himself the heir apparent to the Duke of Wellington. As of 2015 the title is held by courtesy by Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro and grandson of Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington. The Wesley or Wellesley family descended from Sir Richard de Wellesley (15th century). His grandson Sir William Wellesley (died 1602) lived at Dangan Castle, County Meath. The family estates passed down the male lines. One of Wellesley's daughters, Alison, married John Cusack. Their son Sir Thomas Cusack served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1551 and 1554. His daughter, Katherine, married Sir Henry Colley (or Cowley) (16th century), of Castle Carbery, County Kildare. Their grandson Sir Henry Colley represented Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley (or Cowley), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown. His son Henry Colley (or Cowley) was the father of Henry Cowley, who represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons, and of Garret Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington."], "answer": {"text": "concerned at his idleness, stating, \"I don't know what I shall do with my awkward son Arthur.\"", "answer_start": 522}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college.", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Eton College, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.", "answer_start": 1462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study", "answer": {"text": "Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. In 1785, a lack of success at Eton, combined", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1781, Arthur's father died and his eldest brother Richard inherited his father's earldom.", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he die?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happen was interesting about him", "answer": {"text": "Until his early twenties, Arthur showed little sign of distinction and his mother grew increasingly concerned at his idleness,", "answer_start": 422, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_297932ffbf9f4c9da98b47ca92639d95_1_q#8", "question": "What did he say to her back", "rewrite": "What did Arthur Wellesley say after the comments about being awkward?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington Arthur Charles Wellesley, 4th Duke of Wellington, (15 March 1849 \u2013 18 June 1934), styled Lord Arthur Wellesley from 1884 to 1900, was a British peer and politician, and a member of the well-known Wellesley family. He joined the military and served in the Household Division. Upon his childless brother's death in 1900, he inherited the family title and estates. Wellesley was born in 1849, the second son of Major-General Lord Charles Wellesley and Augusta Sophia Anne Pierrepont. Wellesley's paternal grandparents included the famous Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Catherine Pakenham and, on the maternal side, Henry Pierrepont, Lady Sophia Cecil. Between 1861 and 1866, he was educated at Eton. After graduating, Wellesley joined the military. He served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards, the most senior regiment of the Guards' division. The Guards formed part of the five-regiment Household Division, the elite of the military that provided security for the monarch. To be selected as a member of the Household Division was a great honor, and consequently recipients received two ranks, one as a member of the Household Division and a second, higher rank, as a member of the armed forces. Wellesley received the rank of Ensign, in his regiment, and Lieutenant, in the British Army, on 13 June 1868. He would later gain the rank of Lieutenant, in his regiment, and Captain, in the British Army, on 15 February 1871. Throughout his career Wellesley saw no combat action: his duties were largely ceremonial as part of the Household Guard. He received the rank Captain in his regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel in the British Army on 5 April 1879. Wellesley received the rank of Major in his regiment and Colonel in the British Army on 1 August 1887. On 8 June 1900 his childless brother Henry died.", "Wellington, Somerset Wellington is a small market town in rural Somerset, a county in the west of England, situated south west of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, near the border with Devon, which runs along the Blackdown Hills to the south of the town. The town has a population of 14,549, which includes the residents of the parish of Wellington Without, and the villages of Tone and Tonedale. Known as \"Weolingtun\" in the Anglo-Saxon period, its name had changed to \"Walintone\" by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Wellington became a town under a royal charter of 1215 and during the Middle Ages it grew as a centre for trade on the road from Bristol to Exeter. Major rebuilding took place following a fire in the town in 1731, after which it became a centre for cloth-making. Wellington gave its name to the first Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, who is commemorated by the nearby Wellington Monument. Following his victory at the Battle of Talavera in the Peninsular War, Arthur Wellesley was offered a peerage. The question was what title should he take. His brother, Richard Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, looked around and discovered that a manor in the parish of Wellington was available. It was also reasonably close to the family name. Because Arthur was still in Spain in command of the army fighting the French, Richard oversaw the purchase. By this process Arthur therefore became Marquess of Wellington. According to the book \"Wellington as Military Commander\" by Michael Glover (), Arthur Wellesley first signed himself 'Wellington' on 16 September 1809. At the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, Arthur Wellesley was already further elevated to the peerage rank of the Duke of Wellington.", "Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, (3 February 1807 \u2013 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Wellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea \"Kitty\" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom. Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828 and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834, a brevet colonel in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in 1854.", "Lord George Wellesley Lord George Wellesley (29 July 1889 \u2013 31 July 1967) was an English soldier and airman. Wellesley was born on 29 July 1889, the son of Colonel Lord Arthur Wellesley (later the 4th Duke of Wellington), and Kathleen Emily Bulkeley Williams. His great-grandfather was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Wellesley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire. He was Managing Director of Coxeter and Son plc. He was commissioned a second lieutenant (on probation) in the Grenadier Guards on 3 February 1909 and was confirmed in his rank on 1 February 1911. He was promoted to lieutenant on 15 September 1912, and was appointed a flying officer in the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on 30 June 1914. He was promoted to flight commander on 11 December 1914, with the temporary rank of captain, and was appointed an instructor at the Central Flying School of the RFC on 19 December. He fought in the First World War between 1914 and 1918, where he was mentioned in despatches in June 1916. He was appointed a squadron commander on 1 July 1916, with the permanent rank of captain and the temporary rank of major. He was decorated with the Military Cross in 1916. Lord Arthur Wellesley married Louise Nesta Pamela FitzGerald, daughter of Sir Maurice FitzGerald, 2nd Baronet, and Amelia Catherine Bischoffsheim, on 12 March 1917 at Saint Thomas Church in Manhattan, New York City. She was the widow of his elder brother Richard. Lord Arthur Wellesley was appointed a wing commander in the RFC, with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, on 1 October 1917. He gained the rank of squadron leader in 1939 in the service of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (RAFVR). He fought in the Second World War between 1939 and 1945. He was decorated with the Royal Humane Society Medal. He relinquished his commission in the RAFVR on 10 February 1954, retaining the rank of squadron leader.", "He had been the subject of a bitter custody battle between his father and his two maternal aunts (who had wanted him to be placed under the guardianship of his great-uncle the Duke of Wellington) and later fought a legal battle with his father over the sale of contents of the family seat Draycot House. Lord Mornington died unmarried in 1863 when the barony of Maryborough became extinct. He left all his landed property to his father's cousin Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley. He was succeeded in his Irish titles by his first cousin once removed, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. The title Earl of Mornington is now used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to the Marquess of Douro, himself the heir apparent to the Duke of Wellington. As of 2015 the title is held by courtesy by Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Douro and grandson of Charles Wellesley, 9th Duke of Wellington. The Wesley or Wellesley family descended from Sir Richard de Wellesley (15th century). His grandson Sir William Wellesley (died 1602) lived at Dangan Castle, County Meath. The family estates passed down the male lines. One of Wellesley's daughters, Alison, married John Cusack. Their son Sir Thomas Cusack served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland between 1551 and 1554. His daughter, Katherine, married Sir Henry Colley (or Cowley) (16th century), of Castle Carbery, County Kildare. Their grandson Sir Henry Colley represented Monaghan in the Irish Parliament. One of Sir Henry's sons, Dudley Colley (or Cowley), was a member of the Irish Parliament for Philipstown. His son Henry Colley (or Cowley) was the father of Henry Cowley, who represented Strabane in the Irish House of Commons, and of Garret Wesley, 1st Baron Mornington."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Arthur Wellesley born?", "answer": {"text": "His birthplace is uncertain. He was most likely born at his parents' townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,", "answer_start": 462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college.", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Eton College, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.", "answer_start": 1462, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study", "answer": {"text": "Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. In 1785, a lack of success at Eton, combined", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1781, Arthur's father died and his eldest brother Richard inherited his father's earldom.", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he die?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happen was interesting about him", "answer": {"text": "Until his early twenties, Arthur showed little sign of distinction and his mother grew increasingly concerned at his idleness,", "answer_start": 422, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did she say to him", "answer": {"text": "concerned at his idleness, stating, \"I don't know what I shall do with my awkward son Arthur.\"", "answer_start": 522, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5abf3ac2b1548d9bdb494724bc98d5a_1_q#0", "question": "Was John Witherspoon Part of politics during the revolutionary war?", "rewrite": "Was John Witherspoon Part of politics during the revolutionary war?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Witherspoon (actor) John Witherspoon (born John Weatherspoon; January 27, 1942) is an American actor and comedian who has performed in many television shows and films. Best known for his role as Willie Jones for the \"Friday\" series, Witherspoon has also starred in films such as \"Hollywood Shuffle\" (1987), \"Boomerang\" (1992) and \"Vampire In Brooklyn\" (1995). He has also made appearances on television shows such as \"The Wayans Bros.\" (1995\u201399), \"The Tracy Morgan Show\" (2003), \"Barnaby Jones\" (1973), \"The Boondocks\" (2005\u2013present), \"The Five Heartbeats\" (1991) and \"Black Jesus\" (2014). He wrote a film, \"From the Old School\", in which he played an elderly working man who tries to prevent a neighborhood convenience store from being developed into a strip club. John Weatherspoon was born in Detroit, Michigan. He later changed his surname to \"Witherspoon\". John is one of 11 siblings. An elder brother, William, became a songwriter in Detroit for Motown, who may be best known for the single \"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted\", which became a hit for Jimmy Ruffin. Another sibling, Cato, was a longtime director of the PBS-TV Network/CH56 in Detroit for almost four decades. Their sister, Dr. Gertrude Stacks, is a evangelist and the pastor of a Pentecostal church in Detroit. The family is also related to songwriter and record producer Lamont Dozier. John continued his passion for music and learned to play the trumpet and French horn. Witherspoon worked occasionally as a model. During the 1960s and 1970s, Witherspoon began to take a liking towards comedy.", "The federal government recognized the historical significance of \u201cOld Nassau\u201d by awarding it national landmark status and by issuing an orange and black commemorative three-cent stamp in celebration of its 1956 bicentennial. Following the untimely deaths of its first five presidents, the college enjoyed a long period of stability during 1768-94 under Reverend John Witherspoon. Military occupation and the Battle of Princeton severely damaged the college during the war. In another disaster, fire destroyed Nassau Hall in March 1802. Student unrest led to an explosion at the Nassau Hall front door and several other incidents in 1814. Witherspoon was a prominent religious and political leader; and an original signer of the Declaration of independence and the Articles of Confederation. John Witherspoon was a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before becoming the sixth president of Princeton in 1768. Upon his arrival, he transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a revolutionary generation. Witherspoon made fundamental changes to the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy (science), and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. Witherspoon's common sense approach to morality was more influenced by the Enlightenment ethics of Scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid than the Christian virtue of Jonathan Edwards. Witherspoon thus believed morality was a science. It could be cultivated in his students or deduced through the development of the moral sense\u2014an ethical compass instilled by God in all human beings and developed through education (Reid) or sociability (Hutcheson). Such an approach to morality owed more to the natural moral laws of the Enlightenment than traditional sources of Christian ethics. Thus, while \"public religion\" was an important source of social virtue, it was not the only source.", "John Witherspoon College John Witherspoon College is a non-denominational Christian liberal arts college in Rapid City, South Dakota. The College was founded in 2012, and named after the pastor, scholar and American Founding Father John Witherspoon. The College was created to serve both a local need for Christian higher education in the Black Hills and the broader interest for classic liberal-arts education in America. In 2004, the Black Hills Bible Institute was founded by members of South Canyon Baptist Church in Rapid City, South Dakota. Its chief instigator was Dr. C. Richard Wells, a member of the founding faculty of Beeson Divinity School, former President of Criswell College, and the Pastor of South Canyon Baptist Church from 2004\u20132009. The purpose of the Institute was to offer affordable, academic theological training in the Black Hills to students, including those transferred from other conforming Christian colleges. In 2009, Dr. Wells accepted an offer to be the Dean of Chapel at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee and in 2011 returned to Rapid City to restructure the Black Hills Bible Institute into John Witherspoon College, where he was President until 2019. On August 21, 2012, John Witherspoon College began its first classes. The Inaugural Convocation took place on the campus on September 6 with city Mayor Sam Kooiker as the keynote speaker. US Senator John Thune was the keynote speaker of the annual ScholarShare Banquet the following Spring. For the tax year of 2012, the college had an income of about $255,000. In Fall 2014 the college announced that it had Applicant status with the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS), a Christian accrediting body recognized by the US Department of Education. The College achieved accredited status in April 2017.", "Doctor John Witherspoon Doctor John Witherspoon is a bronze sculpture by William Couper of John Witherspoon, Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence. It was dedicated May 20, 1909, by the National Presbyterian Church, and relocated in 1966. It is located at Connecticut Avenue and N Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. As part of American Revolution Statuary in Washington, D.C., the statue is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Johnsonville, South Carolina Johnsonville is a city in Florence County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,480 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Florence Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was founded in 1913 west of the spot of the former Witherspoon's Ferry on the Pee Dee River, where General Francis Marion received his commission for the Revolutionary War. Edward \"Dwight\" Carraway, Jr., a resident of Johnsonville from early childhood to the early 1980s, holds the record of \"South Carolina's youngest person ever elected to public office\" (1976\u2013present). He was elected Alderman in June, 1976. Also, he was a classmate of Joseph Stevens \"Steve\" Dukes who has served as Mayor of Johnsonville since 2004. In use during the American Revolution, Witherspoon's Ferry was the site where Francis Marion accepted command of the Williamsburg Militia in 1780. Ownership of the ferry lands passed from Robert to John Witherspoon in 1787. In 1802, John bequeathed the land to Aimwell Presbyterian Church. Witherspoon's Ferry was a strategic ferry in the northeastern area of Williamsburg County, vested in John Witherspoon in 1801 and remaining in his charge until his death in 1815. According to the terms of John Witherspoon's will, the ferry was then vested in J. D. Witherspoon, executor, for a term of 14 years, \"in trust for and having the sole benefit of the incorporated Presbyterian Church at Aimwell on the Pee Dee River.\" In 1819, former South Carolina Governor David R. Williams, son-in-law of John Witherspoon, obtained these ferry lands. William J. Johnson, born 1787, succeeded J. D. Witherspoon at the ferry after purchasing the plantation in 1825 from the Witherspoon estate."], "answer": {"text": "He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs.", "answer_start": 1530}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d5abf3ac2b1548d9bdb494724bc98d5a_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than John Witherspoon's part of politics during the revolutionary war?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Witherspoon (actor) John Witherspoon (born John Weatherspoon; January 27, 1942) is an American actor and comedian who has performed in many television shows and films. Best known for his role as Willie Jones for the \"Friday\" series, Witherspoon has also starred in films such as \"Hollywood Shuffle\" (1987), \"Boomerang\" (1992) and \"Vampire In Brooklyn\" (1995). He has also made appearances on television shows such as \"The Wayans Bros.\" (1995\u201399), \"The Tracy Morgan Show\" (2003), \"Barnaby Jones\" (1973), \"The Boondocks\" (2005\u2013present), \"The Five Heartbeats\" (1991) and \"Black Jesus\" (2014). He wrote a film, \"From the Old School\", in which he played an elderly working man who tries to prevent a neighborhood convenience store from being developed into a strip club. John Weatherspoon was born in Detroit, Michigan. He later changed his surname to \"Witherspoon\". John is one of 11 siblings. An elder brother, William, became a songwriter in Detroit for Motown, who may be best known for the single \"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted\", which became a hit for Jimmy Ruffin. Another sibling, Cato, was a longtime director of the PBS-TV Network/CH56 in Detroit for almost four decades. Their sister, Dr. Gertrude Stacks, is a evangelist and the pastor of a Pentecostal church in Detroit. The family is also related to songwriter and record producer Lamont Dozier. John continued his passion for music and learned to play the trumpet and French horn. Witherspoon worked occasionally as a model. During the 1960s and 1970s, Witherspoon began to take a liking towards comedy.", "The federal government recognized the historical significance of \u201cOld Nassau\u201d by awarding it national landmark status and by issuing an orange and black commemorative three-cent stamp in celebration of its 1956 bicentennial. Following the untimely deaths of its first five presidents, the college enjoyed a long period of stability during 1768-94 under Reverend John Witherspoon. Military occupation and the Battle of Princeton severely damaged the college during the war. In another disaster, fire destroyed Nassau Hall in March 1802. Student unrest led to an explosion at the Nassau Hall front door and several other incidents in 1814. Witherspoon was a prominent religious and political leader; and an original signer of the Declaration of independence and the Articles of Confederation. John Witherspoon was a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before becoming the sixth president of Princeton in 1768. Upon his arrival, he transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a revolutionary generation. Witherspoon made fundamental changes to the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy (science), and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. Witherspoon's common sense approach to morality was more influenced by the Enlightenment ethics of Scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid than the Christian virtue of Jonathan Edwards. Witherspoon thus believed morality was a science. It could be cultivated in his students or deduced through the development of the moral sense\u2014an ethical compass instilled by God in all human beings and developed through education (Reid) or sociability (Hutcheson). Such an approach to morality owed more to the natural moral laws of the Enlightenment than traditional sources of Christian ethics. Thus, while \"public religion\" was an important source of social virtue, it was not the only source.", "Johnsonville, South Carolina Johnsonville is a city in Florence County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,480 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Florence Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was founded in 1913 west of the spot of the former Witherspoon's Ferry on the Pee Dee River, where General Francis Marion received his commission for the Revolutionary War. Edward \"Dwight\" Carraway, Jr., a resident of Johnsonville from early childhood to the early 1980s, holds the record of \"South Carolina's youngest person ever elected to public office\" (1976\u2013present). He was elected Alderman in June, 1976. Also, he was a classmate of Joseph Stevens \"Steve\" Dukes who has served as Mayor of Johnsonville since 2004. In use during the American Revolution, Witherspoon's Ferry was the site where Francis Marion accepted command of the Williamsburg Militia in 1780. Ownership of the ferry lands passed from Robert to John Witherspoon in 1787. In 1802, John bequeathed the land to Aimwell Presbyterian Church. Witherspoon's Ferry was a strategic ferry in the northeastern area of Williamsburg County, vested in John Witherspoon in 1801 and remaining in his charge until his death in 1815. According to the terms of John Witherspoon's will, the ferry was then vested in J. D. Witherspoon, executor, for a term of 14 years, \"in trust for and having the sole benefit of the incorporated Presbyterian Church at Aimwell on the Pee Dee River.\" In 1819, former South Carolina Governor David R. Williams, son-in-law of John Witherspoon, obtained these ferry lands. William J. Johnson, born 1787, succeeded J. D. Witherspoon at the ferry after purchasing the plantation in 1825 from the Witherspoon estate.", "Doctor John Witherspoon Doctor John Witherspoon is a bronze sculpture by William Couper of John Witherspoon, Presbyterian minister and a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence. It was dedicated May 20, 1909, by the National Presbyterian Church, and relocated in 1966. It is located at Connecticut Avenue and N Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. As part of American Revolution Statuary in Washington, D.C., the statue is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "John Witherspoon College John Witherspoon College is a non-denominational Christian liberal arts college in Rapid City, South Dakota. The College was founded in 2012, and named after the pastor, scholar and American Founding Father John Witherspoon. The College was created to serve both a local need for Christian higher education in the Black Hills and the broader interest for classic liberal-arts education in America. In 2004, the Black Hills Bible Institute was founded by members of South Canyon Baptist Church in Rapid City, South Dakota. Its chief instigator was Dr. C. Richard Wells, a member of the founding faculty of Beeson Divinity School, former President of Criswell College, and the Pastor of South Canyon Baptist Church from 2004\u20132009. The purpose of the Institute was to offer affordable, academic theological training in the Black Hills to students, including those transferred from other conforming Christian colleges. In 2009, Dr. Wells accepted an offer to be the Dean of Chapel at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee and in 2011 returned to Rapid City to restructure the Black Hills Bible Institute into John Witherspoon College, where he was President until 2019. On August 21, 2012, John Witherspoon College began its first classes. The Inaugural Convocation took place on the campus on September 6 with city Mayor Sam Kooiker as the keynote speaker. US Senator John Thune was the keynote speaker of the annual ScholarShare Banquet the following Spring. For the tax year of 2012, the college had an income of about $255,000. In Fall 2014 the college announced that it had Applicant status with the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS), a Christian accrediting body recognized by the US Department of Education. The College achieved accredited status in April 2017."], "answer": {"text": "At the age of 68, he married a 24-year-old bride, with whom he had two more children.", "answer_start": 787}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was John Witherspoon Part of politics during the revolutionary war?", "answer": {"text": "He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs.", "answer_start": 1530, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5abf3ac2b1548d9bdb494724bc98d5a_1_q#2", "question": "Did he ever join congress or anything political during the war?", "rewrite": "Did John Witherspoon ever join congress or anything political during the war?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["John Witherspoon (actor) John Witherspoon (born John Weatherspoon; January 27, 1942) is an American actor and comedian who has performed in many television shows and films. Best known for his role as Willie Jones for the \"Friday\" series, Witherspoon has also starred in films such as \"Hollywood Shuffle\" (1987), \"Boomerang\" (1992) and \"Vampire In Brooklyn\" (1995). He has also made appearances on television shows such as \"The Wayans Bros.\" (1995\u201399), \"The Tracy Morgan Show\" (2003), \"Barnaby Jones\" (1973), \"The Boondocks\" (2005\u2013present), \"The Five Heartbeats\" (1991) and \"Black Jesus\" (2014). He wrote a film, \"From the Old School\", in which he played an elderly working man who tries to prevent a neighborhood convenience store from being developed into a strip club. John Weatherspoon was born in Detroit, Michigan. He later changed his surname to \"Witherspoon\". John is one of 11 siblings. An elder brother, William, became a songwriter in Detroit for Motown, who may be best known for the single \"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted\", which became a hit for Jimmy Ruffin. Another sibling, Cato, was a longtime director of the PBS-TV Network/CH56 in Detroit for almost four decades. Their sister, Dr. Gertrude Stacks, is a evangelist and the pastor of a Pentecostal church in Detroit. The family is also related to songwriter and record producer Lamont Dozier. John continued his passion for music and learned to play the trumpet and French horn. Witherspoon worked occasionally as a model. During the 1960s and 1970s, Witherspoon began to take a liking towards comedy.", "John Witherspoon College John Witherspoon College is a non-denominational Christian liberal arts college in Rapid City, South Dakota. The College was founded in 2012, and named after the pastor, scholar and American Founding Father John Witherspoon. The College was created to serve both a local need for Christian higher education in the Black Hills and the broader interest for classic liberal-arts education in America. In 2004, the Black Hills Bible Institute was founded by members of South Canyon Baptist Church in Rapid City, South Dakota. Its chief instigator was Dr. C. Richard Wells, a member of the founding faculty of Beeson Divinity School, former President of Criswell College, and the Pastor of South Canyon Baptist Church from 2004\u20132009. The purpose of the Institute was to offer affordable, academic theological training in the Black Hills to students, including those transferred from other conforming Christian colleges. In 2009, Dr. Wells accepted an offer to be the Dean of Chapel at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee and in 2011 returned to Rapid City to restructure the Black Hills Bible Institute into John Witherspoon College, where he was President until 2019. On August 21, 2012, John Witherspoon College began its first classes. The Inaugural Convocation took place on the campus on September 6 with city Mayor Sam Kooiker as the keynote speaker. US Senator John Thune was the keynote speaker of the annual ScholarShare Banquet the following Spring. For the tax year of 2012, the college had an income of about $255,000. In Fall 2014 the college announced that it had Applicant status with the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS), a Christian accrediting body recognized by the US Department of Education. The College achieved accredited status in April 2017.", "Johnsonville, South Carolina Johnsonville is a city in Florence County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,480 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Florence Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was founded in 1913 west of the spot of the former Witherspoon's Ferry on the Pee Dee River, where General Francis Marion received his commission for the Revolutionary War. Edward \"Dwight\" Carraway, Jr., a resident of Johnsonville from early childhood to the early 1980s, holds the record of \"South Carolina's youngest person ever elected to public office\" (1976\u2013present). He was elected Alderman in June, 1976. Also, he was a classmate of Joseph Stevens \"Steve\" Dukes who has served as Mayor of Johnsonville since 2004. In use during the American Revolution, Witherspoon's Ferry was the site where Francis Marion accepted command of the Williamsburg Militia in 1780. Ownership of the ferry lands passed from Robert to John Witherspoon in 1787. In 1802, John bequeathed the land to Aimwell Presbyterian Church. Witherspoon's Ferry was a strategic ferry in the northeastern area of Williamsburg County, vested in John Witherspoon in 1801 and remaining in his charge until his death in 1815. According to the terms of John Witherspoon's will, the ferry was then vested in J. D. Witherspoon, executor, for a term of 14 years, \"in trust for and having the sole benefit of the incorporated Presbyterian Church at Aimwell on the Pee Dee River.\" In 1819, former South Carolina Governor David R. Williams, son-in-law of John Witherspoon, obtained these ferry lands. William J. Johnson, born 1787, succeeded J. D. Witherspoon at the ferry after purchasing the plantation in 1825 from the Witherspoon estate.", "The federal government recognized the historical significance of \u201cOld Nassau\u201d by awarding it national landmark status and by issuing an orange and black commemorative three-cent stamp in celebration of its 1956 bicentennial. Following the untimely deaths of its first five presidents, the college enjoyed a long period of stability during 1768-94 under Reverend John Witherspoon. Military occupation and the Battle of Princeton severely damaged the college during the war. In another disaster, fire destroyed Nassau Hall in March 1802. Student unrest led to an explosion at the Nassau Hall front door and several other incidents in 1814. Witherspoon was a prominent religious and political leader; and an original signer of the Declaration of independence and the Articles of Confederation. John Witherspoon was a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before becoming the sixth president of Princeton in 1768. Upon his arrival, he transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a revolutionary generation. Witherspoon made fundamental changes to the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy (science), and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. Witherspoon's common sense approach to morality was more influenced by the Enlightenment ethics of Scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid than the Christian virtue of Jonathan Edwards. Witherspoon thus believed morality was a science. It could be cultivated in his students or deduced through the development of the moral sense\u2014an ethical compass instilled by God in all human beings and developed through education (Reid) or sociability (Hutcheson). Such an approach to morality owed more to the natural moral laws of the Enlightenment than traditional sources of Christian ethics. Thus, while \"public religion\" was an important source of social virtue, it was not the only source.", "(Mike Epps) are robbed by a fake Santa Claus (Rickey Smiley) as he stole their presents, Craig's CD collection, Day-Day's baby pictures and a big sandwich. Craig and Day-Day get jobs as rent-a-cops in a strip mall where Willie (John Witherspoon) and Elroy (Don \"D.C.\" Curry) opened up a rib joint, called \"Bros. BBQ\". They owe rent to their apartment building's manager, Ms. Pearly (BeBe Drake) who threatens the two with the attentions of her burly gay son, Damon Pearly (Terry Crews). Craig is in love with Donna, the girlfriend of a pimp named Money Mike (Katt Williams) who treats her poorly and Craig and Day-Day throw a rent party to get the money for Ms. Pearly. According to John Witherspoon, the fourth installment of the series has been greenlit as of April 2017. DJ Pooh reveals in an interview on Drink Champs that he's working on \"Last Friday\" with Ice Cube. In May 2017, Mike Epps and John Witherspoon teased the upcoming film in a video on Instagram by asking each other if they knew anything about it. It has been confirmed the film is in the works. As of April 2018, Ice Cube stated \"Right now we\u2019re still writing the movie, making sure that\u2019s ahead of the curve and not behind the curve. But I believe we\u2019ll start shooting, hopefully by the end of this year. \" In May 2018, Mike Epps posted a video and image on Instagram with Ice Cube, teasing fans, and they assumed that the film is in production. However, the footage was for the Friday film inspired Big 3 season 2 commercial, and it teased what Last Friday would look like."], "answer": {"text": "Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782", "answer_start": 1379}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was John Witherspoon Part of politics during the revolutionary war?", "answer": {"text": "He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs.", "answer_start": 1530, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the age of 68, he married a 24-year-old bride, with whom he had two more children.", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5abf3ac2b1548d9bdb494724bc98d5a_1_q#3", "question": "What else was his role in the Revolutionary War?", "rewrite": "What else was John Witherspoon's role in the Revolutionary War other than serving on over 100 committees?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Witherspoon College John Witherspoon College is a non-denominational Christian liberal arts college in Rapid City, South Dakota. The College was founded in 2012, and named after the pastor, scholar and American Founding Father John Witherspoon. The College was created to serve both a local need for Christian higher education in the Black Hills and the broader interest for classic liberal-arts education in America. In 2004, the Black Hills Bible Institute was founded by members of South Canyon Baptist Church in Rapid City, South Dakota. Its chief instigator was Dr. C. Richard Wells, a member of the founding faculty of Beeson Divinity School, former President of Criswell College, and the Pastor of South Canyon Baptist Church from 2004\u20132009. The purpose of the Institute was to offer affordable, academic theological training in the Black Hills to students, including those transferred from other conforming Christian colleges. In 2009, Dr. Wells accepted an offer to be the Dean of Chapel at Union University in Jackson, Tennessee and in 2011 returned to Rapid City to restructure the Black Hills Bible Institute into John Witherspoon College, where he was President until 2019. On August 21, 2012, John Witherspoon College began its first classes. The Inaugural Convocation took place on the campus on September 6 with city Mayor Sam Kooiker as the keynote speaker. US Senator John Thune was the keynote speaker of the annual ScholarShare Banquet the following Spring. For the tax year of 2012, the college had an income of about $255,000. In Fall 2014 the college announced that it had Applicant status with the Transnational Association of Christian Colleges and Schools (TRACS), a Christian accrediting body recognized by the US Department of Education. The College achieved accredited status in April 2017.", "The federal government recognized the historical significance of \u201cOld Nassau\u201d by awarding it national landmark status and by issuing an orange and black commemorative three-cent stamp in celebration of its 1956 bicentennial. Following the untimely deaths of its first five presidents, the college enjoyed a long period of stability during 1768-94 under Reverend John Witherspoon. Military occupation and the Battle of Princeton severely damaged the college during the war. In another disaster, fire destroyed Nassau Hall in March 1802. Student unrest led to an explosion at the Nassau Hall front door and several other incidents in 1814. Witherspoon was a prominent religious and political leader; and an original signer of the Declaration of independence and the Articles of Confederation. John Witherspoon was a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before becoming the sixth president of Princeton in 1768. Upon his arrival, he transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a revolutionary generation. Witherspoon made fundamental changes to the moral philosophy curriculum, strengthened the college's commitment to natural philosophy (science), and positioned Princeton in the larger transatlantic world of the republic of letters. Witherspoon's common sense approach to morality was more influenced by the Enlightenment ethics of Scottish philosophers Francis Hutcheson and Thomas Reid than the Christian virtue of Jonathan Edwards. Witherspoon thus believed morality was a science. It could be cultivated in his students or deduced through the development of the moral sense\u2014an ethical compass instilled by God in all human beings and developed through education (Reid) or sociability (Hutcheson). Such an approach to morality owed more to the natural moral laws of the Enlightenment than traditional sources of Christian ethics. Thus, while \"public religion\" was an important source of social virtue, it was not the only source.", "Johnsonville, South Carolina Johnsonville is a city in Florence County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 1,480 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Florence Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was founded in 1913 west of the spot of the former Witherspoon's Ferry on the Pee Dee River, where General Francis Marion received his commission for the Revolutionary War. Edward \"Dwight\" Carraway, Jr., a resident of Johnsonville from early childhood to the early 1980s, holds the record of \"South Carolina's youngest person ever elected to public office\" (1976\u2013present). He was elected Alderman in June, 1976. Also, he was a classmate of Joseph Stevens \"Steve\" Dukes who has served as Mayor of Johnsonville since 2004. In use during the American Revolution, Witherspoon's Ferry was the site where Francis Marion accepted command of the Williamsburg Militia in 1780. Ownership of the ferry lands passed from Robert to John Witherspoon in 1787. In 1802, John bequeathed the land to Aimwell Presbyterian Church. Witherspoon's Ferry was a strategic ferry in the northeastern area of Williamsburg County, vested in John Witherspoon in 1801 and remaining in his charge until his death in 1815. According to the terms of John Witherspoon's will, the ferry was then vested in J. D. Witherspoon, executor, for a term of 14 years, \"in trust for and having the sole benefit of the incorporated Presbyterian Church at Aimwell on the Pee Dee River.\" In 1819, former South Carolina Governor David R. Williams, son-in-law of John Witherspoon, obtained these ferry lands. William J. Johnson, born 1787, succeeded J. D. Witherspoon at the ferry after purchasing the plantation in 1825 from the Witherspoon estate.", "John Witherspoon (actor) John Witherspoon (born John Weatherspoon; January 27, 1942) is an American actor and comedian who has performed in many television shows and films. Best known for his role as Willie Jones for the \"Friday\" series, Witherspoon has also starred in films such as \"Hollywood Shuffle\" (1987), \"Boomerang\" (1992) and \"Vampire In Brooklyn\" (1995). He has also made appearances on television shows such as \"The Wayans Bros.\" (1995\u201399), \"The Tracy Morgan Show\" (2003), \"Barnaby Jones\" (1973), \"The Boondocks\" (2005\u2013present), \"The Five Heartbeats\" (1991) and \"Black Jesus\" (2014). He wrote a film, \"From the Old School\", in which he played an elderly working man who tries to prevent a neighborhood convenience store from being developed into a strip club. John Weatherspoon was born in Detroit, Michigan. He later changed his surname to \"Witherspoon\". John is one of 11 siblings. An elder brother, William, became a songwriter in Detroit for Motown, who may be best known for the single \"What Becomes of the Brokenhearted\", which became a hit for Jimmy Ruffin. Another sibling, Cato, was a longtime director of the PBS-TV Network/CH56 in Detroit for almost four decades. Their sister, Dr. Gertrude Stacks, is a evangelist and the pastor of a Pentecostal church in Detroit. The family is also related to songwriter and record producer Lamont Dozier. John continued his passion for music and learned to play the trumpet and French horn. Witherspoon worked occasionally as a model. During the 1960s and 1970s, Witherspoon began to take a liking towards comedy.", "Long wary of the power of the British Crown, Witherspoon saw the growing centralization of government, progressive ideology of colonial authorities, and establishment of Episcopacy authority as a threat to the Liberties of the colonies. Of particular interest to Witherspoon was the crown's growing interference in the local and colonial affairs which previously had been the prerogatives and rights of the American authorities. When the crown began to give additional authority to its appointed Episcopacy over Church affairs, British authorities hit a nerve in the Presbyterian Scot, who saw such events in the same lens as his Scottish Covenanters. Soon, Witherspoon came to support the Revolution, joining the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in early 1774. His 1776 sermon \"The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men\" was published in many editions and he was elected to the Continental Congress as part of the New Jersey delegation, appointed Congressional Chaplain by the President of the Continental Congress John Hancock, and in July 1776, voted to adopt the Virginia Resolution for Independence. In answer to an objection that the country was not yet ready for independence, according to tradition he replied that it \"was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it.\" He lost a son during the Battle of Germantown in 1777. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs. He spoke often in debate; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments; played a major role in shaping foreign policy; and drew up the instructions for the peace commissioners."], "answer": {"text": "He spoke often in debate; helped draft the Articles of Confederation; helped organize the executive departments;", "answer_start": 1691}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Was John Witherspoon Part of politics during the revolutionary war?", "answer": {"text": "He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs.", "answer_start": 1530, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the age of 68, he married a 24-year-old bride, with whom he had two more children.", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he ever join congress or anything political during the war?", "answer": {"text": "Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782", "answer_start": 1379, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13aadb0e20b8470a9990f35dc1f181c8_0_q#0", "question": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "rewrite": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Adam Kassen Adam Kassen (born May 27, 1974) is an American independent film director, actor, writer and producer. He frequently collaborates with his brother Mark Kassen. In 2006, Kassen Executive Produced \"Bernard and Doris\", which earned him an Emmy Award nomination for \"Outstanding Made for Television Movie\". Adam made his directorial debut with brother, Mark Kassen, on the 2011 feature film \"Puncture\", starring Chris Evans. The Tribeca Film Festival selected the picture as one of its spotlight features in the 2011 program.", "Mark Kassen Mark Kassen (born 1971) is an American actor, director and producer. He has appeared in the films \"Growing Up Brady\" (2000) , \"The Good Student\" (2006), \"Puncture\" (2011), and \"Jobs\" (2013). In 1994, he made his theatre debut in a New York Off Broadway play titled \"Judy at the Stonewall Inn\". A few years later, he was cast in a play called \"Things You Shouldn't Say Past Midnight\" which he appeared on stage totally nude. In 2006, he appeared as Hitler's nephew William Patrick Hitler in the play \"Little Willy\", which he also wrote. Kassen has had small parts in television films and TV series such as \"Another World\" in 1994, \"Cybill\" in 1997, and \"Third Watch\" 1999. In 2006, he produced the television movie \"Bernard and Doris\" with Susan Sarandon and Ralph Fiennes, which earned him, along with the other producers, nominations for a Golden Globe and Primetime Emmy Award for Best Television Film. In 2011, he appeared in the drama film \"Puncture\" based off the true story of Michael David Weiss played by Chris Evans where Kassen played Weiss's law partner and best friend Paul Danziger. Kassen also directed and produced the film with his brother Adam Kassen. It was announced in December 2013 that Kassen would star in the upcoming indie film \"Alone\" where he will play a 35-year-old veteran battling PTSD alongside Sophie Turner and Ray Liotta. Kassen runs an independent film production company with his younger brother Adam Kassen.", "so he hides Charlotte in a storage closet before being surrounded by Kassen's mercenaries and when Weston tries to act as a go-between, Kassen kills him. Unable to call for help because of lack of cellular signals at the cabin, Joe, armed with a bow and arrow, and Linden with a gun, kill some of the mercenaries during the ensuing standoff. Needing higher ground in order to access a cellular network, Joe drives out of the house on a quad bike with the original cocaine bag and Charlotte, hidden under a blanket. Joe drops off Charlotte and instructs her climb to the mountain, where she calls her mother, who calls the sheriff. Circling back, Joe dispatches more of Kassen's men. Kassen finds the bag, but it is empty. Discovering where Joe sent Charlotte, Kassen sends one of the mercenaries, Ridley, to find her, though when Hallett enters the cabin, he is stabbed twice by Linden, who then retreats, and is later wounded by another mercenary, Essington. Just before Ridley catches up to Charlotte, a bow-wielding Stephanie arrives and shoots Ridley with an arrow. A hand-to-hand fight ensues, during which she stabs Ridley before fleeing. Meanwhile, Joe returns to the cabin, where he dispatches Clay and kills Essington. Charlotte is picked up by the sheriff as Ridley continues to pursue Stephanie. Kassen takes Linden hostage and after Joe pleads for his life, Kassen fatally stabs him. Kassen is then shot by the sheriff and escapes the cabin, later retrieving the lost cocaine. Joe chases after him and after a knife fight in which Kassen bests Joe, Joe pushes Kassen off a cliff, killing him, before reuniting with Stephanie and Charlotte.", "However, due to the defection from Nazi Germany of Jacob Kassen, a nuclear scientist, the Countess Schverzinski and her brother, Prince Ladislaus, who effectively run the country, are in possession of a formula to build an atomic bomb (the \"Kassen secret\"), a fact they wish to exploit for their country's but also their own personal benefit. Two groups of people want to prevent exactly that. There is Simon Groom, a representative of Messrs. Cator & Bliss Ltd., a British armament manufacturer, who is sent to Ixania to get hold of the Kassen secret by hook or by crook. He enlists the services of Professor Henry Barstow, an English physicist who is to travel with him to Ixania to determine whether the secret papers whose theft he plans to commission are authentic and worth the money. However, \"Henry Barstow\" seems to be a cover name for Conway Carruthers, a Doc Savage-sque superhero who has realised that the Kassen secret poses \"a serious menace to world peace\" and who, accordingly, has made it his job to rid the world of that danger by destroying all copies of Kassen's papers. His mission is to prevent the manufacture of the bomb and to \"preserve civilization\". Carruthers's charismatic authority attracts the attention of William L. Casey, an American journalist stationed in Zovgorod, the capital of Ixania. Originally only interested in a good story, Casey becomes Carruthers's quasi-assistant, a change Casey himself describes as his \"transition from newspaper man to desperado\". Siding with the peasant revolutionaries, Carruthers becomes the leader of the operation and thus the \"de facto\" leader of the peasants."], "answer": {"text": "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "answer_start": 152}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_13aadb0e20b8470a9990f35dc1f181c8_0_q#1", "question": "Did he plead guilty to the charge?", "rewrite": "Did Jack White plead guilty to the misdemeanor?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Plea bargain The plea bargain (also plea agreement or plea deal) is any agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant agrees to plead guilty or nolo contendere to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor. This may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to a less serious charge, or to one of the several charges, in return for the dismissal of other charges; or it may mean that the defendant will plead guilty to the original criminal charge in return for a more lenient sentence. A plea bargain allows both parties to avoid a lengthy criminal trial and may allow criminal defendants to avoid the risk of conviction at trial on a more serious charge. For example, in the U.S. legal system, a criminal defendant charged with a felony theft charge, the conviction of which would require imprisonment in state prison, may be offered the opportunity to plead guilty to a misdemeanor theft charge, which may not carry a custodial sentence. In cases such as an automobile collision when there is a potential for civil liability against the defendant, the defendant may agree to plead no contest or \"guilty with a civil reservation\", which essentially is a guilty plea without admitting civil liability. Plea bargaining can present a dilemma to defense attorneys, in that they must choose between vigorously seeking a good deal for their present client, or maintaining a good relationship with the prosecutor for the sake of helping future clients. However, defense attorneys are required by the ethics of the bar to defend the present client's interests over the interests of others. Violation of this rule may result in disciplinary sanctions being imposed against the defense attorney by the appropriate state's bar association. In charge bargaining, defendants plead guilty to a less serious crime than the original charge. In count bargaining, they plead guilty to a subset of multiple original charges.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "In 2014 Craig was the Idaho Republican Party financial chair. On June 11, 2007, Craig was arrested at the Minneapolis\u2013Saint Paul International Airport for lewd conduct in a men's restroom, where he was accused of soliciting a male undercover police officer for sexual activity. During the resulting interview with the arresting officer, Craig insisted upon his innocence, disputing the officer's version of the event by stating that he merely had a \"wide stance\" (Craig states that he said he was a \"wide guy\") and that he had been picking up a piece of paper from the floor. Craig was charged with interference with privacy, a gross misdemeanor offense, and a disorderly conduct misdemeanor. Despite his statements of innocence during the police interview, Craig pleaded guilty to the misdemeanor charge of disorderly conduct by signing and mailing a plea petition, dated August 1, 2007, to the Hennepin County District Court in Minnesota. Including fines and fees, he paid $575 (). Craig signed the petition to enter his guilty plea, which contained the provisions, \"I understand that the court will not accept a plea of guilty from anyone who claims to be innocent... I now make no claim that I am innocent of the charge to which I am entering a plea of guilty. \" Craig mailed his signed petition to the court, and his petition to plead guilty to the misdemeanor charge was accepted and filed by the court on August 8, 2007. In an August 28, 2007, press conference Craig regretted filing the guilty plea, stating \"In hindsight, I should not have pled guilty. I was trying to handle this matter myself quickly and expeditiously\".", "He grew up in the Detroit suburbs of Plymouth, Michigan with his one brother, Eric. As a child, he went to school at Plymouth-Canton Educational Park. He later lived in Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti, where in 1997 he became friends with his new schoolmate at College, Marcie Bolen, who would become his band's first guitarist. A year later, while studying at Washtenaw Community College, Stollsteimer met Don Blum who would eventually become his drummer in the band The Von Bondies. Guitars: Effects pedals: Amplifiers: Stollsteimer and Jack White of The White Stripes had a confrontation on December 13, 2003, at the Majestic Theatre Center, in a Detroit night-club called The Magic Stick. This was the second time the two had been in a physical altercation over the unresolved issues surrounding the production credit that Jim Diamond believed he deserved on the 2001 Von Bondies album, Lack of Communication. Diamond and the rest of the Von Bondies both agreed that Diamond did most of the production work, but White denied their claims and personally placed his own name on the credits of the album as the sole producer, which led to the brawl. Additionally, Diamond was also suing the White Stripes at the time claiming he produced their two earliest albums, which may have added fuel to the conflict. The first attack was one year earlier, also in Detroit. White's and Stollsteimer's police reports on the incident contradict each other as to who started the scuffle. In March 2004, White plead guilty to assault and battery, was made to pay $750 (including court costs) and to attend anger management classes.", "The matter came before the Supreme Court, and in its ruling the court said that the trial judge in Alford's criminal case was appropriate in having accepted the defendant's plea of guilty. The Court said that the decision to plead guilty while maintaining his innocence was a reasonable choice for Alford to have made at the time. Supreme Court Justice Byron White wrote the majority opinion. The Supreme Court case was decided 5\u20133. \" [T]hat he would not have pleaded except for the opportunity to limit the possible penalty does not necessarily demonstrate that the plea of guilty was not the product of a free and rational choice\", said the Supreme Court decision. The Court ruled that a plea of guilty that was \"a voluntary and intelligent choice among the alternative courses of action\" was not a coercive decision. Justice White wrote that, \"Express admission of guilt is not constitutional requisite to imposition of criminal penalty.\" In 1975, Alford died while in jail at the age of 57. When a defendant indicates an intention to plead guilty by Alford plea, the judge asks two questions: \"Do you now consider it to be in your best interest to plead guilty?\" and \"Do you understand that upon your 'Alford plea' you will be treated as being guilty whether or not you admit that you are in fact guilty?\" Prosecutors and defense lawyers characterize Alford pleas as a required method of lessening pressure of the nature of the justice process. Both parties get to maneuver around not knowing what the outcome could be at trial, and are able to come to a resolution. The Alford plea does not itself affect the sentencing process, and the convicted individual is sentenced just as if he had entered a normal guilty plea."], "answer": {"text": "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes.", "answer_start": 207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "answer": {"text": "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "answer_start": 152, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13aadb0e20b8470a9990f35dc1f181c8_0_q#2", "question": "Who was he accused of assaulting?", "rewrite": "Who was Jack White accused of assaulting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that:  \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White (film producer)  Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "\"The name, \"White Blood Cells\", for the album, is this idea of bacteria coming at us, or just foreign things coming at us, or media, or attention on the band,\" Jack White explained in a 2001 interview. \"It just seems to us that there are so many bands from the same time or before we started that were playing and are still playing that didn't get this kind of attention that we're getting. Is the attention good or bad? When you open the CD, it's a picture of us with these cameras. Wondering if it's good or bad.\" The lyrics for the album were written over various points in the band's early career, including unrecorded songs for the duo's debut album \" The White Stripes\" (1999) and Jack White's previous band Two-Star Tabernacle. Some material for \"White Blood Cells\" was also inspired by Jack White and the Bricks, a side-project formed in 1999. Regarding the four-year time span in writing for the record, Jack White said \"It was cool because a lot of things had been sitting around for a long time, stuff I had written on piano that had been just sitting around not doing anything. And it was good to put them all together at once, put them all in the same box and see what happened. \" All material on the album is original, a contrast to numerous covers on the band's first two efforts. The lyrics relate and touch upon subjects of love, hope, betrayal, and paranoia, brought on by the increasing media attention the duo began receiving. A common theme throughout the record is the morality of persistent attention, most prevalently profiled in \"Little Room\". \"", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924)  John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side."], "answer": {"text": "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer,", "answer_start": 22}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "answer": {"text": "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "answer_start": 152, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he plead guilty to the charge?", "answer": {"text": "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13aadb0e20b8470a9990f35dc1f181c8_0_q#3", "question": "What caused the altercation?", "rewrite": "What caused the altercation between Jack White and Jason Stollsteimer?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He grew up in the Detroit suburbs of Plymouth, Michigan with his one brother, Eric. As a child, he went to school at Plymouth-Canton Educational Park. He later lived in Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti, where in 1997 he became friends with his new schoolmate at College, Marcie Bolen, who would become his band's first guitarist. A year later, while studying at Washtenaw Community College, Stollsteimer met Don Blum who would eventually become his drummer in the band The Von Bondies. Guitars: Effects pedals: Amplifiers: Stollsteimer and Jack White of The White Stripes had a confrontation on December 13, 2003, at the Majestic Theatre Center, in a Detroit night-club called The Magic Stick. This was the second time the two had been in a physical altercation over the unresolved issues surrounding the production credit that Jim Diamond believed he deserved on the 2001 Von Bondies album, Lack of Communication. Diamond and the rest of the Von Bondies both agreed that Diamond did most of the production work, but White denied their claims and personally placed his own name on the credits of the album as the sole producer, which led to the brawl. Additionally, Diamond was also suing the White Stripes at the time claiming he produced their two earliest albums, which may have added fuel to the conflict. The first attack was one year earlier, also in Detroit. White's and Stollsteimer's police reports on the incident contradict each other as to who started the scuffle. In March 2004, White plead guilty to assault and battery, was made to pay $750 (including court costs) and to attend anger management classes.", "Jason Stollsteimer Jason Elliott Stollsteimer (born April 22, 1978) is an American musician who was the vocalist and guitarist for the indie rock band The Von Bondies, which disbanded in 2011. Stollsteimer also was the main songwriter and producer of the Von Bondies. He released three studio albums with The Von Bondies, one studio album with Hounds Below and is currently playing with PONYSHOW. His debut album, \"Lack of Communication\", was released in 2001 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Jason toured the states with the first incarnation of The Von Bondies featuring longtime friend Carrie Smith on the bass, Don Blum on drums and Marcie Bolen (Silverghost, Slumber Party) on Guitar. Over ten U.S. tours were done in order to help promote the record. The group shared the stage with The Cramps, on their 8th US tour. Jason and The Von Bondies also played several shows in the U.K. and Europe and a live performance on the Later... with Jools Holland in London. In 2003 the Von Bondies released a live record that consisted mostly of recording from live BBC recordings from the John Peel sessions. In 2004, Stollsteimer released his second studio album, \"Pawn Shoppe Heart\", and toured extensively in the US, UK, and Europe \"C'mon C'mon\" was the first single and reached the UK Top 25 for the first time (peaking at #21), and also generated some huge buzz for Stollsteimer. One other single was released from the album. \"Tell me what you see\" which reached number 43 in the UK charts. Almost every track from the album has appeared in numerous commercials, Movies and TV shows. One song in particular (c'mon c'mon) was used more than all the others combined.", "The hidden bonus track was a cover of Sam Cooke's \"Bring It On Home to Me\", with Bolen on lead vocals. The band said this is the least expensive album they made. The group relocated to a San Francisco recording studio in early 2002 with producer Jerry Harrison to begin work on \"Pawn Shoppe Heart\". On the evening of December 13, 2003, an altercation occurred between Stollsteimer and the White Stripes frontman Jack White during the record release party for the band Blanche at The Magic Stick (a Detroit music club and part of the Majestic Theater complex). Stollsteimer was treated for injuries at Detroit Receiving Hospital. Detroit police arrested White and the Wayne County prosecutor's office charged him with aggravated assault. White pleaded guilty to assault and a judge sentenced him to anger management classes. The Von Bondies' third album is \"Love, Hate and Then There's You\". It was released on February 3, 2009. They released a limited-edition 7-inch single of \"Pale Bride\" from the album, backed with the non-album song \"Falling in Love\". The Von Bondies celebrated their ninth year together with this release. This was the first time that a Von Bondies release saw Don Blum co-write with Stollsteimer. \" Love, Hate\" was produced by Jason Stollsteimer, with three songs by Butch Walker and three songs by Rick Parker. All songs were written by Jason Stollsteimer, except \"Blame Game\" and \"Earthquake\", which were co-written by Stollsteimer and Blum.", "From uses in local radio commercials/adverts to the main theme song of the hit F/X television show \"Rescue Me\". While touring this record Stollsteimer played the Reading and Leeds Festivals, Glastonbury Festival and Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival Jason Stollsteimer's last release with the Von Bondies, \"Love, Hate and Then There's You,\" has gone through a long process of discovery and change before coming to its current polished form. In early 2006, a handful of demos were posted on the Von Bondies Myspace page. Later the band posted more songs on the MySpace page including \"Shut Your Mouth,\" \"Pale Bride,\" and \"Only to Haunt You.\" Don Blum played drums on these recordings with all other instruments played by Jason.  Love, Hate and Then There's You was the first time Stollsteimer ever collaborated songwriting with anyone. The songs ' This is our perfect crime\" and \"Accidents will Happen\" were co-written with Butch Walker who also produced some songs on the album. The songs \"blame game\" and \"Earthquake\" were co-written with longtime drummer Don Blum. The album was eventually released in 2009 on Majordomo Records. Stollsteimer is currently the frontman for Hounds Below, which he established in 2009 and has focused on full-time following the breakup of the Von Bondies. Hounds Below released their debut album, \"You Light Me Up In the Dark\", in 2012. Stollsteimer is currently the frontman for PONYSHOW, which he established in 2014 with two of his former Von Bondie bandmates, Don Blum and Leann Banks. Stollsteimer was born in Southfield, Michigan. His mother was a nurse, and his father an architect.", "In 2008, the band signed with indie label Majordomo Records, joining label mates The Airborne Toxic Event and Earlimart. Their label debut, \"Love, Hate and Then There's You\", was released in February 2009 featuring the single \"Pale Bride\". Known as a touring act, The Von Bondies have headlined tours of the United Kingdom/Europe, Australia, and the United States, taking along supporting bands like The Kills, Kasabian, Franz Ferdinand, Modey Lemon, SSM, The Subways, The Stills, Hot Panda and The Donnas. They have also appeared on \"Late Show with David Letterman\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\" and \"CD:UK\". The group disbanded in July 2011. Its lineup at the time was Jason Stollsteimer on vocals and lead guitar, Christy Hunt on rhythm guitar and Leann Banks on bass guitar. In 2000, Stollsteimer and Marcie Bolen attended a concert by Japanese garage punk band Guitar Wolf. At the time, Stollsteimer was working a job as a bowling alley bartender and Marcie as a hairdresser. The performance spurred Stollsteimer to create his own band, The Baby Killers, which toured with fellow Detroit bands The Detroit Cobras, The Go and The White Stripes. After recruiting Lauren Wilcox on bass and Don Blum on drums the band changed their name to the Von Bondies. While playing a handful of shows in the Detroit area, the quartet recorded singles \" It Came from Japan\", an ode to Guitar Wolf, and \"Nite Train\". Jack White produced the Von Bondies' debut album, \"Lack of Communication\", in late 2001. It was recorded in three days. It was released in 2001 by Sympathy for the Record Industry, and in the UK by Sweet Nothing Records."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "answer": {"text": "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "answer_start": 152, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he plead guilty to the charge?", "answer": {"text": "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was he accused of assaulting?", "answer": {"text": "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer,", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13aadb0e20b8470a9990f35dc1f181c8_0_q#4", "question": "How did this controversy affect music sales?", "rewrite": "How did the altercation between Jack White and Jason Stollsteimer affect Jack White's music sales?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "In 2008, the band signed with indie label Majordomo Records, joining label mates The Airborne Toxic Event and Earlimart. Their label debut, \"Love, Hate and Then There's You\", was released in February 2009 featuring the single \"Pale Bride\". Known as a touring act, The Von Bondies have headlined tours of the United Kingdom/Europe, Australia, and the United States, taking along supporting bands like The Kills, Kasabian, Franz Ferdinand, Modey Lemon, SSM, The Subways, The Stills, Hot Panda and The Donnas. They have also appeared on \"Late Show with David Letterman\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\" and \"CD:UK\". The group disbanded in July 2011. Its lineup at the time was Jason Stollsteimer on vocals and lead guitar, Christy Hunt on rhythm guitar and Leann Banks on bass guitar. In 2000, Stollsteimer and Marcie Bolen attended a concert by Japanese garage punk band Guitar Wolf. At the time, Stollsteimer was working a job as a bowling alley bartender and Marcie as a hairdresser. The performance spurred Stollsteimer to create his own band, The Baby Killers, which toured with fellow Detroit bands The Detroit Cobras, The Go and The White Stripes. After recruiting Lauren Wilcox on bass and Don Blum on drums the band changed their name to the Von Bondies. While playing a handful of shows in the Detroit area, the quartet recorded singles \" It Came from Japan\", an ode to Guitar Wolf, and \"Nite Train\". Jack White produced the Von Bondies' debut album, \"Lack of Communication\", in late 2001. It was recorded in three days. It was released in 2001 by Sympathy for the Record Industry, and in the UK by Sweet Nothing Records.", "Jason Stollsteimer Jason Elliott Stollsteimer (born April 22, 1978) is an American musician who was the vocalist and guitarist for the indie rock band The Von Bondies, which disbanded in 2011. Stollsteimer also was the main songwriter and producer of the Von Bondies. He released three studio albums with The Von Bondies, one studio album with Hounds Below and is currently playing with PONYSHOW. His debut album, \"Lack of Communication\", was released in 2001 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Jason toured the states with the first incarnation of The Von Bondies featuring longtime friend Carrie Smith on the bass, Don Blum on drums and Marcie Bolen (Silverghost, Slumber Party) on Guitar. Over ten U.S. tours were done in order to help promote the record. The group shared the stage with The Cramps, on their 8th US tour. Jason and The Von Bondies also played several shows in the U.K. and Europe and a live performance on the Later... with Jools Holland in London. In 2003 the Von Bondies released a live record that consisted mostly of recording from live BBC recordings from the John Peel sessions. In 2004, Stollsteimer released his second studio album, \"Pawn Shoppe Heart\", and toured extensively in the US, UK, and Europe \"C'mon C'mon\" was the first single and reached the UK Top 25 for the first time (peaking at #21), and also generated some huge buzz for Stollsteimer. One other single was released from the album. \"Tell me what you see\" which reached number 43 in the UK charts. Almost every track from the album has appeared in numerous commercials, Movies and TV shows. One song in particular (c'mon c'mon) was used more than all the others combined.", "The hidden bonus track was a cover of Sam Cooke's \"Bring It On Home to Me\", with Bolen on lead vocals. The band said this is the least expensive album they made. The group relocated to a San Francisco recording studio in early 2002 with producer Jerry Harrison to begin work on \"Pawn Shoppe Heart\". On the evening of December 13, 2003, an altercation occurred between Stollsteimer and the White Stripes frontman Jack White during the record release party for the band Blanche at The Magic Stick (a Detroit music club and part of the Majestic Theater complex). Stollsteimer was treated for injuries at Detroit Receiving Hospital. Detroit police arrested White and the Wayne County prosecutor's office charged him with aggravated assault. White pleaded guilty to assault and a judge sentenced him to anger management classes. The Von Bondies' third album is \"Love, Hate and Then There's You\". It was released on February 3, 2009. They released a limited-edition 7-inch single of \"Pale Bride\" from the album, backed with the non-album song \"Falling in Love\". The Von Bondies celebrated their ninth year together with this release. This was the first time that a Von Bondies release saw Don Blum co-write with Stollsteimer. \" Love, Hate\" was produced by Jason Stollsteimer, with three songs by Butch Walker and three songs by Rick Parker. All songs were written by Jason Stollsteimer, except \"Blame Game\" and \"Earthquake\", which were co-written by Stollsteimer and Blum.", "From uses in local radio commercials/adverts to the main theme song of the hit F/X television show \"Rescue Me\". While touring this record Stollsteimer played the Reading and Leeds Festivals, Glastonbury Festival and Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival Jason Stollsteimer's last release with the Von Bondies, \"Love, Hate and Then There's You,\" has gone through a long process of discovery and change before coming to its current polished form. In early 2006, a handful of demos were posted on the Von Bondies Myspace page. Later the band posted more songs on the MySpace page including \"Shut Your Mouth,\" \"Pale Bride,\" and \"Only to Haunt You.\" Don Blum played drums on these recordings with all other instruments played by Jason.  Love, Hate and Then There's You was the first time Stollsteimer ever collaborated songwriting with anyone. The songs ' This is our perfect crime\" and \"Accidents will Happen\" were co-written with Butch Walker who also produced some songs on the album. The songs \"blame game\" and \"Earthquake\" were co-written with longtime drummer Don Blum. The album was eventually released in 2009 on Majordomo Records. Stollsteimer is currently the frontman for Hounds Below, which he established in 2009 and has focused on full-time following the breakup of the Von Bondies. Hounds Below released their debut album, \"You Light Me Up In the Dark\", in 2012. Stollsteimer is currently the frontman for PONYSHOW, which he established in 2014 with two of his former Von Bondie bandmates, Don Blum and Leann Banks. Stollsteimer was born in Southfield, Michigan. His mother was a nurse, and his father an architect."], "answer": {"text": "eventually left Detroit because, \"he could not take the negativity anymore.", "answer_start": 602}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "answer": {"text": "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "answer_start": 152, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he plead guilty to the charge?", "answer": {"text": "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was he accused of assaulting?", "answer": {"text": "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer,", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused the altercation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13aadb0e20b8470a9990f35dc1f181c8_0_q#5", "question": "Where did he go after leaving Detroit?", "rewrite": "Where did Jack White go after leaving Detroit?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On May 29, 1972 Vasko Popa founded The Literary Municipality Vr\u0161ac and originated a library of postcards, called Slobodno li\u0161\u0107e (Free Leaves). In the same year, he was elected to become a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Vasko Popa is one of the founders of Vojvodina Academy of Sciences and Arts, established on December 14, 1979 in Novi Sad. He is the first laureate of the Branko\u2019s award (Brankova nagrada) for poetry, established in honour of the poet Branko Radi\u010devi\u0107. In the year 1957 Popa received another award for poetry, Zmaj\u2019s Award (Zmajeva nagrada), which honours the poet Jovan Jovanovi\u0107 Zmaj. In 1965 Popa received the Austrian state award for European literature. In 1976 he received the Branko Miljkovi\u0107 poetry award, in 1978 the Yugoslav state Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia Award, and in 1983 the literary award Skender Kulenovi\u0107. In 1995, the town of Vr\u0161ac established a poetry award named after Vasko Popa. It is awarded annually for the best book of poetry published in Serbian language. The award ceremony is held on the day of Popa\u2019s birthday, 29 June. Vasko Popa died on January 5, 1991 in Belgrade and is buried in the Aisle of the Deserving Citizens in Belgrade\u2019s New Cemetery. He was a good friend with French poet Alain Bosquet.", "The White Stripes (album) The White Stripes is the debut studio album by American rock duo the White Stripes, released on June 15, 1999. The album was produced by Jim Diamond and vocalist/guitarist Jack White, recorded in January 1999 at Ghetto Recorders and Third Man Studios in Detroit. White dedicated the album to deceased blues musician Son House. Johnny Walker of the Soledad Brothers played slide guitar on two songs: \"Suzy Lee\" and \"I Fought Piranhas\". Walker is credited with having taught Jack White how to play slide, a technique featured heavily on the White Stripes' first two albums. Walker explains, \"[Jack] had a four track in his living room and invited me to come by and do some recording. In return, I showed him how to play slide.\" The duo covered \"St. James Infirmary Blues\" after, according to Jack, he and Meg were introduced to the song from a \"Betty Boop\" cartoon. The album received mostly positive reviews. Norene Cashen of \"The Metro Times\" said the LP \"serves better to remind us that [Detroit's] local identity has more options than a membership card to the latest clich\u00e9...or a one-way ticket to the coast.\" Much of the media feedback came two or three years later its initial release, after the duo's fame spread beyond Detroit. AllMusic said of the album, \"Jack White's voice is a singular, evocative combination of punk, metal, blues, and backwoods while his guitar work is grand and banging with just enough lyrical touches of slide and subtle solo work... Meg White balances out the fretwork and the fretting with methodical, spare, and booming cymbal, bass drum, and snare...", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924)  John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "It too was produced by Burnett. The album's first single, \"Looking Up\", was released in the same month. This album marked John's first full album recorded with his touring band since 2006's \"The Captain & the Kid\". He also had a major role, as himself, in the action sequel \"\", which was released in September 2017. On 26 January 2017 it was announced that John would compose the score for the Broadway musical version of the novel \"The Devil Wears Prada\" and its film adaptation, with Kevin McCollum as producer and Paul Rudnick writing the lyrics and story. The timeline for the musical is yet to be announced. In June 2017 John appeared in the award-winning documentary \"The American Epic Sessions\", directed by Bernard MacMahon. In the film he recorded live on the restored first electrical sound recording system from the 1920s. John composed and arranged a lyric by Taupin, \u201cTwo Fingers of Whiskey\u201d, written specially for the film, live on camera with the help of Burnett and Jack White. Danny Eccleston in \"Mojo\" pointed out that \u201cin one of the series\u2019 most extraordinary moments, Elton John arrives toting a box-fresh lyric by Bernie Taupin and works it up in an instant, the song materializing in front of the viewers eyes before John and Jack White go for the take. There's the magic right there.\u201d \u201cTwo Fingers of Whiskey\u201d was released on 9 June 2017 on \"\". On 24 January 2018 it was announced that John was retiring from touring and would soon embark on a three-year farewell tour. The first concert took place in Allentown, Pennsylvania, on 8 September 2018. John cited spending time with his children as the reason for his retirement: \"Ten years ago if you asked me if I would stop touring I would have said no.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "answer": {"text": "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "answer_start": 152, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he plead guilty to the charge?", "answer": {"text": "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was he accused of assaulting?", "answer": {"text": "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer,", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused the altercation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did this controversy affect music sales?", "answer": {"text": "eventually left Detroit because, \"he could not take the negativity anymore.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13aadb0e20b8470a9990f35dc1f181c8_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the altercation, are there any other interesting aspects about Jack White?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that:  \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White (film producer)  Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "In his final season with Bristol City Jack White made 20 appearances without scoring in 1957\u201358 under the new captain Tommy Burden. Jack White joined Cambridge City of the Southern League as player manager in April 1958. Cambridge City finished above Cambridge United in all three seasons playing in the South Eastern division in 1958\u201359, then finished 5th in the Premier Division in 1959\u201360 and 9th the following season. After three seasons White moved on to Wellington Town as manager. Wellington United were 13th in the Premier Division in 1961\u201362 and then as Wellington Town finished 6th in 1962\u201363. After retiring from football Jack White became a service engineer in Tonbridge with a firm run by Bristol City chairman Harry Dolman. He later worked for Tonbridge Printers and returned to Doncaster in 1978 to work as a labourer at Thorpe Marsh Power Station. He retired in March 1989 and was living in Tonbridge in 1997. Jack White's younger brother Len White (1930\u20131994) was also a professional footballer playing for Rotherham United, Newcastle United, Huddersfield Town and Stockport County. Len White made 245 appearances scoring 197 goals for Newcastle United. This the third highest career total of League goals for Newcastle United exceeded only by Jackie Milburn and Alan Shearer.", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924)  John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side."], "answer": {"text": "In October 2016--upon learning that Donald Trump had used the White Stripes' song \"Seven Nation Army\" in video campaign materials--White denounced the presidential candidate,", "answer_start": 1099}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What controversy surrounds Jack White?", "answer": {"text": "White was charged with misdemeanor aggravated assault.", "answer_start": 152, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he plead guilty to the charge?", "answer": {"text": "He pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of assault and battery, was fined $750 (including court costs), and was sentenced to take anger management classes.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was he accused of assaulting?", "answer": {"text": "White was involved in an altercation with Jason Stollsteimer,", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused the altercation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did this controversy affect music sales?", "answer": {"text": "eventually left Detroit because, \"he could not take the negativity anymore.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go after leaving Detroit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23b8d3d4084c455ba2a0e0ab26019637_0_q#0", "question": "What can you tell me about Rahul Bose's activism?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about Rahul Bose's activism?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Tahaan  Tahaan \u2013 A Boy With a Grenade is an Indian Hindi-language drama film by Santosh Sivan. The film is based on the life of a young boy and his pet donkey. It is a fable-like journey of the eponymous eight-year-old boy, whose life revolves around the pursuit to find real purpose in his little world. The film stars Purav Bhandare as the young boy. Anupam Kher, Sarika, Rahul Bose, Rahul Khanna and Victor Banerjee form the rest of the cast. It was filmed on location in Jammu and Kashmir. After salvaging money using various means, Tahaan reaches the moneylender to reclaim Birbal. He is told that old Subhan Dar (Anupam Kher) bought the donkey and went across the mountains in which Tahaan's father went missing. Gathering courage, Tahaan goes in search of the old man. He finds him and he follows Subhan and his assistant Zafar (Rahul Bose) and their mule train, leading Birbal despite their protests. Although Subhan promises to return Birbal to Tahaan if he can win a race against the incompetent Zafar when he wins Subhan refuses to give him Birbal. Instead, Subhan gives the donkey to his eight-year-old nephew. Zafar tries to give Tahaan his sunglasses as a replacement for the donkey, but Tahaan will not accept the gift. On his way back home, Tahaan encounters Idrees, a teenager who discourages him, saying that his efforts will not be sufficient to get Birbal back. Instead, he suggests to do him a favour. Tahaan is asked to take a package across the mountains in his onward journey.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom."], "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_23b8d3d4084c455ba2a0e0ab26019637_0_q#1", "question": "What did he do to assist in the relief efforts?", "rewrite": "What did Rahul Bose do to assist in the relief efforts after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Noah's Wish Noah's Wish was a charity that rescues and takes care of animals endangered by natural disasters. The mission of Noah's Wish is to save animals during disasters with their rescue and recovery services and to mitigate the impact of disasters on animals through educational outreach programs. The organization travels to areas affected by disaster and evacuate pets and livestock. They shelter, feed and provide medical care for the animals until they can be returned to their owners or housed more permanently. Based in El Dorado Hills, California, the organization has helped relief efforts internationally, such as after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami hit Sri Lanka in December 2004 and after the August 2005 flooding in Romania. Within North America, they have assisted in the wake of a number of forest fires and hurricanes since being founded in 2002. Outside of relief work, the organization trains volunteers to deal effectively and practically in disaster situations. Noah's Wish set up a rescue operation in Slidell, Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina hit the Gulf Coast in September 2005. As of November 25, 2005 they cared for 1,564 animals during this situation, and reunited more than 1,257 lost pets with their owners. After Hurricane Katrina, Noah's Wish settled with the state of California, forfeiting $4 million of $8 million it had collected. Noah's Wish was one of a few, but egregious, animal charity scams. The forfeiture was used to build an animal rescue shelter in Slidell, Louisiana.", "In a dissertation from the Department of Government at Uppsala University, entitled \"Natural Disasters and National Election\", PhD Lina M. Eriksson found in her research that the Indian Ocean\u2019s 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami and 2005 Storm Gudrun (Erwin), which struck only two weeks following the tsunami, impacted on the 2006 historic regime shift that occurred in the 2006 Swedish parliamentary election. The results from this research show that the 2002-2006 incumbent Social Democratic Party's (S) poor crisis response to Gudrun, which is the hitherto most costly natural disaster in Swedish history, alone has an estimated effect of a magnitude that likely was crucial to the 2006 historic regime shift. In the abstract to the thesis one can read \"The 2002-2006 incumbent Social Democratic Party (S) received its lowest voter support since 1914 as roughly 150,000, or 8%, of the 2002 S voters went to the main opposition, the conservative Moderate Party (M). This became the most decisive factor in ousting S from power after 12 years of rule. As a result, the M-led Alliance (A) with the People's Party (FP), the Center Party (C), and the Christian Democrats (KD) won the election. Natural Disasters and National Election makes the novel contribution of proposing two natural disasters, the Indian Ocean\u2019s 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami and 2005 Storm Gudrun (Erwin), which struck only two weeks following the tsunami, as major events that impacted government popularity in the 2006 election and contributed to the redistribution of voter support, within and across party-blocs.", "36 Squadron also participated in Operation Sumatra Assist in the wake of the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. In May 2006, No. 36 Squadron personnel began conversion training in the US in preparation for re-equipping with Boeing C-17 Globemaster III heavy transports. It transferred its C-130Hs to No. 37 Squadron on 17 November 2006, prior to relocating to Amberley. Also on 17 November, Wing Commander Linda Corbould took command of the unit, becoming the first woman to lead an RAAF flying squadron. Corbould was responsible for delivering the first Globemaster from the United States to Australia on 4 December. No. 36 Squadron achieved initial operating capability with the C-17 on 11 September 2007, following eight months' work-up training. In June 2008, it received the Gloucester Cup as the RAAF's most proficient flying squadron of 2007 \"for achieving all training objectives, supporting air lift activities globally and nationally and fulfilling short-notice, high priority tasks, despite the squadron's expertise being in its infancy\". Corbould completed her posting as commanding officer on 8 December 2008, the day the squadron marked the second anniversary of C-17 operations by conducting the RAAF's first flight with an all-female aircrew. Since re-equipping with the Globemaster, No. 36 Squadron has continued to support Coalition forces in Afghanistan, as well as humanitarian operations worldwide. In 2011, it took part in relief efforts following the floods in Queensland, the Christchurch earthquake, and the T\u014dhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan. The Queensland floods necessitated the evacuation of two C-17s to Richmond, when Amberley was threatened by rising waters; of the other two Globemasters, one was in the Middle East and the other was undergoing maintenance at Amberley and could not be flown but was moved onto high ground and escaped damage.", "86 Wing became well known to the general public through their involvement in disaster relief and emergency transport in Australia and the region, along with their participation in overseas peacekeeping efforts. Hercules and 707s were employed by the Federal government to provide air transport during the pilots' dispute that curtailed operations by the two domestic airlines in 1989, evacuated Australian nationals from the Middle East during the first Gulf War in 1990\u201391, and transported Australian troops to and from Somalia as part of Operation Solace in 1993. Since the end of the Vietnam War, much of the RAAF's transport tasking had been relatively routine in nature, or involved humanitarian relief; the Somalia operation marked the beginning of a shift for No. 86 Wing towards a more combat-ready or \"operational\" focus. Six Hercules evacuated over 450 civilians from Cambodia following the coup in July 1997. Two detachments from the wing, one of Hercules and one of Caribous, supported INTERFET operations in East Timor between September 1999 and February 2001. Wing operations staff accompanied Hercules of Nos. 36 and 37 Squadrons on relief efforts following the Bali Bombings in October 2002. In February 2003, a rotating detachment of three Hercules deployed to the Persian Gulf to support the Australian contribution to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; over the next seven years they amassed 20,000 operational flying hours. From July 2003 to July 2004, Caribous undertook reconnaissance and transport missions during the Solomon Islands intervention. No. 36 Squadron Hercules took part in Operation Sumatra Assist in the wake of the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. The RAAF's contribution to Operation Papua New Guinea Assist, following Cyclone Guba in November 2007, included a Globemaster, two Hercules, and three Caribous. In September 2008, a Globemaster undertook the type's first aeromedical evacuation in RAAF service, transporting five injured Australian troops to Amberley from Tarin Kowt in Afghanistan.", "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation. The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India. He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education. In addition, he became the first Indian Oxfam global ambassador in 2007. He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs. He is also an ambassador for the American India Foundation, the World Youth Peace Movement and Planet Alert. He was also a vocal proponent of Narmada Bachao Andolan and its efforts to halt the construction of the Narmada dam. He also recorded the Terre des hommes audio book Goodgoodi karna, gale lagana; Sparsh ke niyam sikhiye (English: Tickle and hugs: Learning the touching rules), which is designed to give children resources against sexual abuse. Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit. In 2009, he toured Canada lecturing on global climate change under the auspices of Climate Action Network and demonstrated with protesters at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit. In 2011, he worked in conjunction with Bhaichung Bhutia to raise funds for victims of the Sikkim earthquake. At the 8th convocation of BRAC University Bangladesh on 17 February 2013, Bose delivered the convocation speech."], "answer": {"text": "Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 132}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Rahul Bose's activism?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23b8d3d4084c455ba2a0e0ab26019637_0_q#2", "question": "What was the scholarship for?", "rewrite": "What was the Rahul Bose scholarship for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Dil Kabaddi Dil Kabaddi is an Indian Hindi film directed by debutante Anil Sharma. The film stars Irrfan Khan, Rahul Bose, Konkona Sen Sharma, Soha Ali Khan, Payal Rohatgi, Rahul Khanna and special appearance by Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The movie follows the same plot as Woody Allen's \"Husbands and Wives\". Set in contemporary Mumbai, the movie takes a close look at the evolving equations among urban couples and paints the metamorphosis amongst the relationships with a comic stroke. The film tracks the lives of two modern-day married couples \u2014 Samit (Irrfan Khan) and Mita (Soha Ali Khan); Rishi (Rahul Bose) and Simi (Konkona Sen Sharma) \u2014 caught in web of boredom, loss of love and temptation. The film starts with an announcement by Samit and Mita of their separation and follows the moral muddles and emotional crises of the couples over the next year and a half \u2014 as friends fight, separate, take lovers and, in a way, reconcile. Popular song from the movie titled \"Ehsaan\" was a copy from a Chicago-based underground band, Ghom. Ghom's original track, titled \"Ehsaas\", written by lead singer Azhar Mohammad and produced by Haaris Haroon, was uploaded to YouTube on 21 November 2007. Through inquiry it was noted that Sachin Gupta had listened to this track on YouTube, where the melody of the song was copied. The loyalty of this track was never honored to the original owners. The music for all the songs were composed by Sachin Gupta & Dhruv Dhalla and lyrics were penned by Virag Mishra.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period."], "answer": {"text": "The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.", "answer_start": 226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Rahul Bose's activism?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to assist in the relief efforts?", "answer": {"text": "Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23b8d3d4084c455ba2a0e0ab26019637_0_q#3", "question": "Is he involved in any other charities or foundations ?", "rewrite": "Is Rahul Bose involved in any other charities or foundations, aside from the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Tourism in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands  Tourism in Andaman and Nicobar Islands relates to tourism in union territory of India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Andamans are an archipelago of over 570 tropical islands, of which only 36 are inhabited. Radhanagar beach at Havelock Island was bestowed with the title of \u2018Asia\u2019s Best Beach\u2019 in 2004 by the TIME magazine. It is also listed as world\u2019s 7th most spectacular beach on Time magazine list. Tourism is a major industry in Andaman. The bulk of the revenue earned by the government of Andaman and Nicobar is through the tourism industry. In 2008 total 136,426 tourists visited Andaman and Nicobar. Growing sectors in tourism and potential area of investment are water sports and adventure tourism including trekking, island camping, snorkeling and scuba diving. Sea aquarium, water theme park, wave surfing, marina yacht, convention centre, health resorts, sanctuaries, national park, inter-island cruise liner. Andaman and Nicobar has approximately 86 percent of forest area of its total land. The forests constitute an integral wing of the natural resource of Andaman and Nicobar and it houses 96 Sanctuaries and 9 National Parks. The primary sanctuaries that form a part of the natural resources of Andaman and Nicobar islands are Narcondum Hornbill Sanctuary, which protects hornbills; Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, which features a large variety of aquatic creatures; Nicobar Pigeon Sanctuary; South Sentinel Island Sanctuary, offering giant robber crabs; and North Reef Sanctuary, which is principally dedicated to the nurturing of a variety of water birds. Following are the major tourist attractions in Andaman and Nicobar islands. The Cellular Jail, also known as K\u0101l\u0101 P\u0101n\u012b (Black Water), was a colonial prison.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation. The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India. He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education. In addition, he became the first Indian Oxfam global ambassador in 2007. He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs. He is also an ambassador for the American India Foundation, the World Youth Peace Movement and Planet Alert. He was also a vocal proponent of Narmada Bachao Andolan and its efforts to halt the construction of the Narmada dam. He also recorded the Terre des hommes audio book Goodgoodi karna, gale lagana; Sparsh ke niyam sikhiye (English: Tickle and hugs: Learning the touching rules), which is designed to give children resources against sexual abuse. Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit. In 2009, he toured Canada lecturing on global climate change under the auspices of Climate Action Network and demonstrated with protesters at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit. In 2011, he worked in conjunction with Bhaichung Bhutia to raise funds for victims of the Sikkim earthquake. At the 8th convocation of BRAC University Bangladesh on 17 February 2013, Bose delivered the convocation speech."], "answer": {"text": "Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India.", "answer_start": 343}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Rahul Bose's activism?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to assist in the relief efforts?", "answer": {"text": "Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scholarship for?", "answer": {"text": "The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23b8d3d4084c455ba2a0e0ab26019637_0_q#4", "question": "What else was he involved in?", "rewrite": "What else was Rahul Bose involved in, besides Teach for India?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Dil Kabaddi Dil Kabaddi is an Indian Hindi film directed by debutante Anil Sharma. The film stars Irrfan Khan, Rahul Bose, Konkona Sen Sharma, Soha Ali Khan, Payal Rohatgi, Rahul Khanna and special appearance by Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The movie follows the same plot as Woody Allen's \"Husbands and Wives\". Set in contemporary Mumbai, the movie takes a close look at the evolving equations among urban couples and paints the metamorphosis amongst the relationships with a comic stroke. The film tracks the lives of two modern-day married couples \u2014 Samit (Irrfan Khan) and Mita (Soha Ali Khan); Rishi (Rahul Bose) and Simi (Konkona Sen Sharma) \u2014 caught in web of boredom, loss of love and temptation. The film starts with an announcement by Samit and Mita of their separation and follows the moral muddles and emotional crises of the couples over the next year and a half \u2014 as friends fight, separate, take lovers and, in a way, reconcile. Popular song from the movie titled \"Ehsaan\" was a copy from a Chicago-based underground band, Ghom. Ghom's original track, titled \"Ehsaas\", written by lead singer Azhar Mohammad and produced by Haaris Haroon, was uploaded to YouTube on 21 November 2007. Through inquiry it was noted that Sachin Gupta had listened to this track on YouTube, where the melody of the song was copied. The loyalty of this track was never honored to the original owners. The music for all the songs were composed by Sachin Gupta & Dhruv Dhalla and lyrics were penned by Virag Mishra.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata."], "answer": {"text": "He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs.", "answer_start": 689}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Rahul Bose's activism?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to assist in the relief efforts?", "answer": {"text": "Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scholarship for?", "answer": {"text": "The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is he involved in any other charities or foundations ?", "answer": {"text": "Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India.", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23b8d3d4084c455ba2a0e0ab26019637_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Rahul Bose being the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Pyaar Ke Side Effects Pyaar Ke Side Effects () is a 2006 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film. It was produced under the banner of Pritish Nandy communications and was written and directed by first time director Saket Chaudhary. Mallika Sherawat and Rahul Bose played the lead cast. The film is a romantic comedy, and portrays the intricacies of a modern relationship. The film explores the theme of 'commitment phobia' in a captivating manner, an interesting, witty take on men-women relationships. After the success of this movie the lead pair were repeated in another movie Maan Gaye Mughal-e-Azam however that movie couldn't match the success of this movie. A sequel, \"Shaadi Ke Side Effects\", was released in 2014 with Vidya Balan and Farhan Akhtar in the lead roles. Sid (Rahul Bose) is a short, thirtyish DJ, who finds himself playing music at Trisha's (Mallika Sherawat's) marriage to Vivek (Jas Arora) in Delhi. However, he witnesses her fight her sense of responsibility and duty towards her parents and the groom, and runs away. Six months later, he meets her again at a DJ competition in Mumbai, which he has just lost, yet again. Before you know it, they're in a relationship, and three years have passed. Trisha thinks she is ready for marriage, and gets down on her knee to propose to Sid. Sid suffering from the typical commitment phobia, is at a loss for a reasonable answer. In a bid to not lose her, Sid finds himself engaged. But along with the engagement comes a new set of problems - such as shopping for furniture for their home, engagement rings, and more importantly facing the father of the bride (Sharat Saxena)!", "Mumbai Matinee Mumbai Matinee is a 2003 Indian romantic comedy film directed and written by Anant Balani and starring Rahul Bose as a 32-year-old virgin. The film premiered on 26 September 2003 and was also released in the UK. Director Anant Balani died before the film was released on 29 August 2003. Debu (Rahul Bose) is a 32-year-old advertising agent, but has a serious problem in that he is still a virgin. He meets Baba Hindustani (Vijay Raaz) in a hotel who promises to cure him of the teasing he gets from being a virgin. He later meets Nitin Kapoor, a film-maker (Saurabh Shukla) who later films him as he works out in the gym and other physical activities. Unaware of what is happening, Kapoor edits the film in such a way to give the impression of Debu as having sex. The film is released and becomes a box office hit and Debu quickly becomes a sex symbol. He later meets Sonali Verma (Perizaad Zorabian), a journalist, who helps him through his difficulties and they later fall in love. Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the film a rating of 1 out of 5 and said that, \"The film has an interesting plot in fact a story like this has never been attempted by an Indian film-maker before but how one wishes the twists and turns in the story were captivating enough to keep you glued right till the climax.\" Shahshi Matta of \"Planet Bollywood\" gave the film a rating of 4.5 out of 10 saying that, \"The film looks hurriedly put-together and the contemplation's of the protagonist at various points in this film (on love, the gay character, etc.) look like they belong to another film. A film that could have been."], "answer": {"text": "Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit.", "answer_start": 1271}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Rahul Bose's activism?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to assist in the relief efforts?", "answer": {"text": "Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scholarship for?", "answer": {"text": "The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is he involved in any other charities or foundations ?", "answer": {"text": "Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India.", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he involved in?", "answer": {"text": "He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs.", "answer_start": 689, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bb9ff760c5d4262a59d96b110d5adf9_0_q#0", "question": "What year was the BALCO scandal?", "rewrite": "What year was the BALCO scandal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trevor Graham Trevor Graham (born 20 August 1963) is a Jamaican-born former sprinter and athletics coach, based in the United States. Following the BALCO scandal and before its subsequent findings, the US Olympic Committee barred him indefinitely from all its training sites. Graham was part of the silver medal winning Jamaican 4 \u00d7 400 m team at the 1988 Summer Olympics, running in the first round and semi-final, though not the final. He is a graduate from Saint Augustine's College with a degree in Business Management. Formed in 1993 by Graham and incorporated in 1997, Sprint Capitol USA was based at the Paul Derr Track on the North Carolina State University Main Campus in Raleigh, North Carolina. Trevor Graham was one of the top sprint coaches in the world. Graham is the only coach to have successfully coached both men and woman champion in the Olympic 100 meters and 200 meters as well as both men and women world champions in the 60 meters, 100 meters and 200 meters. Graham\u2019s athletes have won a combined total of 60 Olympic and World Championships medals. Graham has coached eight men that have run 10.00 seconds or faster in the 100 meters, eight women that have run 11.10 or faster in the 100 meters. Indoors Graham has coached four men under 6.50 seconds for 60 meters and four women at 7.10 seconds and under in the 60 meters. In the long sprint his resume includes 6 women under 51 seconds in the 400m, three under 50.00 seconds and more than a dozen men under 45.00. Graham is an Olympic silver medalist. In 2002 Graham was the USA track and field coach of the year, Nike professional coach of the year and Track and field magazine coach of the year. Graham first played a critical whistleblower role in the BALCO scandal", "BALCO scandal The BALCO scandal was a scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes. The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) was a San Francisco Bay Area business which supplied anabolic steroids to professional athletes. The incident surrounds a 2002 US Federal government investigation of the laboratory. Founded in 1984 by Victor Conte and his first wife Aubry, BALCO began as Millbrae Holistic, a vitamin shop in Millbrae, California. Initially a business venture to keep food on the table, only one year after opening, Victor Conte closed Millbrae Holistic and started BALCO as a sport supplement company in neighboring Burlingame. Investing in an ICP spectrometer, Conte used his knowledge of nutrition, largely self-taught, to devise a system of testing athletes for mineral deficiencies in order to maintain a perfect balance of minerals in the body. Through regular urine and blood testing, Conte would monitor and treat mineral shortages in athletes, supposedly elevating their level of physical wellness dramatically. Surviving his divorce from Aubry and several years of financial hardships, BALCO did not achieve professional success until the summer of 1996 with the addition of NFL linebacker Bill Romanowski to its client list. From there Conte began acquiring additional high-profile athletes with his special concoction of undetectable drugs, manufactured by rogue Illinois chemist Patrick Arnold and distributed by personal trainer Greg Anderson. Arnold created a wide range of substances, that when used in a cycle could go relatively undetected by drug testing, even on the Olympic level. Five different types of drugs along with mineral supplements were used to achieve optimum results. Types of drugs include erythropoietin, human growth hormone, modafinil, testosterone cream, and tetrahydrogestrinone.", "In 2003 these claims were dismissed on summary judgment because the relief sought would violate the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. In 2003 a number of current and former Oakland players such as Bill Romanowski, Tyrone Wheatley, Barrett Robbins, Chris Cooper and Dana Stubblefield were named as clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO). BALCO was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. Also in 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the \"BALCO Affair\". BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone (\"the Clear\"), a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with the Clear and human growth hormone for several years. Headquartered in Burlingame, BALCO was founded in 1984. Officially, BALCO was a service business for blood and urine analysis and food supplements. In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the \"BALCO Olympians\". He then was allowed to attend the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. From 1996 Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches. The Pro Football Hall of Fame has inducted 14 players who made their primary contribution to professional football while with the Raiders, in addition to coach-owner-commissioner Al Davis, head coach John Madden and executive Ron Wolf. The Raiders' total is of 25 Hall of Famers. Notes:", "Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) (1984\u20132003) was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. In 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the \"BALCO Affair\". BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone (\"the Clear\"), a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with \"the Clear\" and human growth hormone for several years. Headquartered in Burlingame, California, BALCO was founded in 1984. Officially, BALCO was a service business for blood and urine analysis and food supplements. In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the \"BALCO Olympians\". He then was allowed to attend the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. From 1996, Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches such as Korchemny. Conte and Korchemny shortly thereafter founded the \"ZMA Track Club\" for marketing purposes, well-known members of it being sprinters Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. In 2000, Conte managed to contact American baseball star Barry Bonds via Greg Anderson, a coach working in a nearby fitness studio. Bonds then delivered contacts to other baseball professionals. In 2003, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California began investigating BALCO. U.S. sprint coach Trevor Graham had given an anonymous phone call to the United States", "she met shot-putter and then UNC coach C.J. Hunter, whom she married in 1998 and eventually divorced in 2002. A former world champion, Hunter, also involved with BALCO, was caught using performance-enhancing drugs and disgraced. The publicity surrounding this led many to believe Jones herself used such drugs as well, an accusation she vehemently denied over and over again. Jones then began a relationship with American sprinter Tim Montgomery, leading to the birth of a son. Montgomery himself benefited from the banned substances he received from BALCO (in fact he, as well as both Jones and Hunter, can still be seen posing with Conte in photos on his SNAC website), and the one-time 100 meter dash record holder has been stripped of his awards and records since admitting to steroid use, and is now retired. After news of Montgomery's cheating broke, Jones was again faced with increased doubt as to the integrity of her career, yet she continued to deny any wrongdoing. Finally, in October 2007, Jones admitted to lying to federal agents about her use of performance-enhancing drugs, though she still maintains she believed the substances she was using were flaxseed oil, not steroids, at the time. Jones has handed over the five Olympic medals she earned in Sydney and officially retired from the sport. The most notable football player to be involved in the BALCO scandal is two-time All-Pro linebacker Bill Romanowski. The 16-year NFL veteran openly advertised Conte's zinc supplement ZMA. In the words of Romanowski, \"I've got about 90 percent of the Broncos on ZMA. The guys are telling me they sleep better and feel better!\" His involvement with BALCO has only further tainted the career of the four-time Super Bowl champion."], "answer": {"text": "Late in 2003,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0bb9ff760c5d4262a59d96b110d5adf9_0_q#1", "question": "What was the scandal about?", "rewrite": "What was the BALCO scandal about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trevor Graham Trevor Graham (born 20 August 1963) is a Jamaican-born former sprinter and athletics coach, based in the United States. Following the BALCO scandal and before its subsequent findings, the US Olympic Committee barred him indefinitely from all its training sites. Graham was part of the silver medal winning Jamaican 4 \u00d7 400 m team at the 1988 Summer Olympics, running in the first round and semi-final, though not the final. He is a graduate from Saint Augustine's College with a degree in Business Management. Formed in 1993 by Graham and incorporated in 1997, Sprint Capitol USA was based at the Paul Derr Track on the North Carolina State University Main Campus in Raleigh, North Carolina. Trevor Graham was one of the top sprint coaches in the world. Graham is the only coach to have successfully coached both men and woman champion in the Olympic 100 meters and 200 meters as well as both men and women world champions in the 60 meters, 100 meters and 200 meters. Graham\u2019s athletes have won a combined total of 60 Olympic and World Championships medals. Graham has coached eight men that have run 10.00 seconds or faster in the 100 meters, eight women that have run 11.10 or faster in the 100 meters. Indoors Graham has coached four men under 6.50 seconds for 60 meters and four women at 7.10 seconds and under in the 60 meters. In the long sprint his resume includes 6 women under 51 seconds in the 400m, three under 50.00 seconds and more than a dozen men under 45.00. Graham is an Olympic silver medalist. In 2002 Graham was the USA track and field coach of the year, Nike professional coach of the year and Track and field magazine coach of the year. Graham first played a critical whistleblower role in the BALCO scandal", "Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) (1984\u20132003) was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. In 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the \"BALCO Affair\". BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone (\"the Clear\"), a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with \"the Clear\" and human growth hormone for several years. Headquartered in Burlingame, California, BALCO was founded in 1984. Officially, BALCO was a service business for blood and urine analysis and food supplements. In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the \"BALCO Olympians\". He then was allowed to attend the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. From 1996, Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches such as Korchemny. Conte and Korchemny shortly thereafter founded the \"ZMA Track Club\" for marketing purposes, well-known members of it being sprinters Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. In 2000, Conte managed to contact American baseball star Barry Bonds via Greg Anderson, a coach working in a nearby fitness studio. Bonds then delivered contacts to other baseball professionals. In 2003, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California began investigating BALCO. U.S. sprint coach Trevor Graham had given an anonymous phone call to the United States", "In 2003 these claims were dismissed on summary judgment because the relief sought would violate the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. In 2003 a number of current and former Oakland players such as Bill Romanowski, Tyrone Wheatley, Barrett Robbins, Chris Cooper and Dana Stubblefield were named as clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO). BALCO was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. Also in 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the \"BALCO Affair\". BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone (\"the Clear\"), a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with the Clear and human growth hormone for several years. Headquartered in Burlingame, BALCO was founded in 1984. Officially, BALCO was a service business for blood and urine analysis and food supplements. In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the \"BALCO Olympians\". He then was allowed to attend the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. From 1996 Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches. The Pro Football Hall of Fame has inducted 14 players who made their primary contribution to professional football while with the Raiders, in addition to coach-owner-commissioner Al Davis, head coach John Madden and executive Ron Wolf. The Raiders' total is of 25 Hall of Famers. Notes:", "BALCO scandal The BALCO scandal was a scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes. The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) was a San Francisco Bay Area business which supplied anabolic steroids to professional athletes. The incident surrounds a 2002 US Federal government investigation of the laboratory. Founded in 1984 by Victor Conte and his first wife Aubry, BALCO began as Millbrae Holistic, a vitamin shop in Millbrae, California. Initially a business venture to keep food on the table, only one year after opening, Victor Conte closed Millbrae Holistic and started BALCO as a sport supplement company in neighboring Burlingame. Investing in an ICP spectrometer, Conte used his knowledge of nutrition, largely self-taught, to devise a system of testing athletes for mineral deficiencies in order to maintain a perfect balance of minerals in the body. Through regular urine and blood testing, Conte would monitor and treat mineral shortages in athletes, supposedly elevating their level of physical wellness dramatically. Surviving his divorce from Aubry and several years of financial hardships, BALCO did not achieve professional success until the summer of 1996 with the addition of NFL linebacker Bill Romanowski to its client list. From there Conte began acquiring additional high-profile athletes with his special concoction of undetectable drugs, manufactured by rogue Illinois chemist Patrick Arnold and distributed by personal trainer Greg Anderson. Arnold created a wide range of substances, that when used in a cycle could go relatively undetected by drug testing, even on the Olympic level. Five different types of drugs along with mineral supplements were used to achieve optimum results. Types of drugs include erythropoietin, human growth hormone, modafinil, testosterone cream, and tetrahydrogestrinone.", "she met shot-putter and then UNC coach C.J. Hunter, whom she married in 1998 and eventually divorced in 2002. A former world champion, Hunter, also involved with BALCO, was caught using performance-enhancing drugs and disgraced. The publicity surrounding this led many to believe Jones herself used such drugs as well, an accusation she vehemently denied over and over again. Jones then began a relationship with American sprinter Tim Montgomery, leading to the birth of a son. Montgomery himself benefited from the banned substances he received from BALCO (in fact he, as well as both Jones and Hunter, can still be seen posing with Conte in photos on his SNAC website), and the one-time 100 meter dash record holder has been stripped of his awards and records since admitting to steroid use, and is now retired. After news of Montgomery's cheating broke, Jones was again faced with increased doubt as to the integrity of her career, yet she continued to deny any wrongdoing. Finally, in October 2007, Jones admitted to lying to federal agents about her use of performance-enhancing drugs, though she still maintains she believed the substances she was using were flaxseed oil, not steroids, at the time. Jones has handed over the five Olympic medals she earned in Sydney and officially retired from the sport. The most notable football player to be involved in the BALCO scandal is two-time All-Pro linebacker Bill Romanowski. The 16-year NFL veteran openly advertised Conte's zinc supplement ZMA. In the words of Romanowski, \"I've got about 90 percent of the Broncos on ZMA. The guys are telling me they sleep better and feel better!\" His involvement with BALCO has only further tainted the career of the four-time Super Bowl champion."], "answer": {"text": "one of the baseball players believed to have received anabolic steroids from trainer Greg Anderson.", "answer_start": 115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was the BALCO scandal?", "answer": {"text": "Late in 2003,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bb9ff760c5d4262a59d96b110d5adf9_0_q#2", "question": "did anybody report on the scandal?", "rewrite": "did anybody report on the BALCO scandal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) (1984\u20132003) was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. In 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the \"BALCO Affair\". BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone (\"the Clear\"), a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with \"the Clear\" and human growth hormone for several years. Headquartered in Burlingame, California, BALCO was founded in 1984. Officially, BALCO was a service business for blood and urine analysis and food supplements. In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the \"BALCO Olympians\". He then was allowed to attend the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. From 1996, Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches such as Korchemny. Conte and Korchemny shortly thereafter founded the \"ZMA Track Club\" for marketing purposes, well-known members of it being sprinters Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. In 2000, Conte managed to contact American baseball star Barry Bonds via Greg Anderson, a coach working in a nearby fitness studio. Bonds then delivered contacts to other baseball professionals. In 2003, the United States Attorney for the Northern District of California began investigating BALCO. U.S. sprint coach Trevor Graham had given an anonymous phone call to the United States", "she met shot-putter and then UNC coach C.J. Hunter, whom she married in 1998 and eventually divorced in 2002. A former world champion, Hunter, also involved with BALCO, was caught using performance-enhancing drugs and disgraced. The publicity surrounding this led many to believe Jones herself used such drugs as well, an accusation she vehemently denied over and over again. Jones then began a relationship with American sprinter Tim Montgomery, leading to the birth of a son. Montgomery himself benefited from the banned substances he received from BALCO (in fact he, as well as both Jones and Hunter, can still be seen posing with Conte in photos on his SNAC website), and the one-time 100 meter dash record holder has been stripped of his awards and records since admitting to steroid use, and is now retired. After news of Montgomery's cheating broke, Jones was again faced with increased doubt as to the integrity of her career, yet she continued to deny any wrongdoing. Finally, in October 2007, Jones admitted to lying to federal agents about her use of performance-enhancing drugs, though she still maintains she believed the substances she was using were flaxseed oil, not steroids, at the time. Jones has handed over the five Olympic medals she earned in Sydney and officially retired from the sport. The most notable football player to be involved in the BALCO scandal is two-time All-Pro linebacker Bill Romanowski. The 16-year NFL veteran openly advertised Conte's zinc supplement ZMA. In the words of Romanowski, \"I've got about 90 percent of the Broncos on ZMA. The guys are telling me they sleep better and feel better!\" His involvement with BALCO has only further tainted the career of the four-time Super Bowl champion.", "In 2003 these claims were dismissed on summary judgment because the relief sought would violate the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution. In 2003 a number of current and former Oakland players such as Bill Romanowski, Tyrone Wheatley, Barrett Robbins, Chris Cooper and Dana Stubblefield were named as clients of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO). BALCO was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. Also in 2003, journalists Lance Williams and Mark Fainaru-Wada investigated the company's role in a drug sports scandal later referred to as the \"BALCO Affair\". BALCO marketed tetrahydrogestrinone (\"the Clear\"), a then-undetected, performance-enhancing steroid developed by chemist Patrick Arnold. Conte, BALCO vice president James Valente, weight trainer Greg Anderson and coach Remi Korchemny had supplied a number of high-profile sports stars from the United States and Europe with the Clear and human growth hormone for several years. Headquartered in Burlingame, BALCO was founded in 1984. Officially, BALCO was a service business for blood and urine analysis and food supplements. In 1988, Victor Conte offered free blood and urine tests to a group of athletes known as the \"BALCO Olympians\". He then was allowed to attend the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. From 1996 Conte worked with well-known American football star Bill Romanowski, who proved to be useful to establish new connections to athletes and coaches. The Pro Football Hall of Fame has inducted 14 players who made their primary contribution to professional football while with the Raiders, in addition to coach-owner-commissioner Al Davis, head coach John Madden and executive Ron Wolf. The Raiders' total is of 25 Hall of Famers. Notes:", "BALCO scandal The BALCO scandal was a scandal involving the use of banned, performance-enhancing substances by professional athletes. The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) was a San Francisco Bay Area business which supplied anabolic steroids to professional athletes. The incident surrounds a 2002 US Federal government investigation of the laboratory. Founded in 1984 by Victor Conte and his first wife Aubry, BALCO began as Millbrae Holistic, a vitamin shop in Millbrae, California. Initially a business venture to keep food on the table, only one year after opening, Victor Conte closed Millbrae Holistic and started BALCO as a sport supplement company in neighboring Burlingame. Investing in an ICP spectrometer, Conte used his knowledge of nutrition, largely self-taught, to devise a system of testing athletes for mineral deficiencies in order to maintain a perfect balance of minerals in the body. Through regular urine and blood testing, Conte would monitor and treat mineral shortages in athletes, supposedly elevating their level of physical wellness dramatically. Surviving his divorce from Aubry and several years of financial hardships, BALCO did not achieve professional success until the summer of 1996 with the addition of NFL linebacker Bill Romanowski to its client list. From there Conte began acquiring additional high-profile athletes with his special concoction of undetectable drugs, manufactured by rogue Illinois chemist Patrick Arnold and distributed by personal trainer Greg Anderson. Arnold created a wide range of substances, that when used in a cycle could go relatively undetected by drug testing, even on the Olympic level. Five different types of drugs along with mineral supplements were used to achieve optimum results. Types of drugs include erythropoietin, human growth hormone, modafinil, testosterone cream, and tetrahydrogestrinone.", "C. J. Hunter Cottrell Hunter III (born December 14, 1968) is an American former shot putter and coach. He was the 1999 World Champion, but is perhaps best known for his involvement in the BALCO scandal and as the onetime spouse of sprinter Marion Jones. His personal best was 71' 9\", (21,87 m) thrown during a 2nd-place finish in the 2000 US Olympic Trials. A month later he was tested positive for the performance-enhancing steroid Nandrolone at the Bislett Games, which was revealed before he had been scheduled to compete in the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. He had previously competed at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games, finishing seventh. The 6'1\", 330 lb Hunter was a three-time All-American at Penn State University, where he still holds the outdoor and indoor shot put record (65'5\" and 64'4\u00bd\", or 19.93 m and 19.62 m respectively). He earned his B.A. in political science there in 1991. Hunter first began throwing the shot after repeatedly failing to make the basketball team at Hyde Park, New York's Franklin D. Roosevelt Senior High School. Hunter first met Marion Jones when she was 16. They reconnected in 1995 when he was hired as a coach with the University of North Carolina track team. He was forced to resign from his position after repeatedly refusing to conform with school rules that prohibited coach-athlete dating. They married on October 3, 1998, only to divorce in 2002 following the publicity surrounding the BALCO scandal. Hunter currently resides in Holly Springs, North Carolina with his son from his third marriage, Nicko."], "answer": {"text": "the San Francisco Chronicle", "answer_start": 233}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was the BALCO scandal?", "answer": {"text": "Late in 2003,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scandal about?", "answer": {"text": "one of the baseball players believed to have received anabolic steroids from trainer Greg Anderson.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0bb9ff760c5d4262a59d96b110d5adf9_0_q#3", "question": "Did he use steroids?", "rewrite": "Did Jason Giambi use steroids?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jeremy Giambi Jeremy Dean Giambi (; born September 30, 1974) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, and Boston Red Sox, from through . Giambi also played in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago White Sox organizations. He is the younger brother of former MLB player Jason Giambi. Like his older brother Jason, Jeremy Giambi attended South Hills High School, Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina, California, and Covina Elementary School in Covina, California. He attended California State University, Fullerton and played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. In 1996 and 1997 he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Bourne Braves. The Kansas City Royals selected Giambi in the sixth round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft. Giambi started off his Major League career playing for the Royals, for whom he played for parts of two seasons. He was mentioned in Michael Lewis's book \"Moneyball\" as one of the replacement players for his older brother, Jason and became a character in the film that starred Brad Pitt. Despite his off field troubles, Jeremy was looked at by Billy Beane, the general manager of the Oakland Athletics, because of his plate discipline. The Athletics had acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for Brett Laxton prior to the 2000 season. During the 2002 season, the Athletics traded Giambi to the Philadelphia Phillies for John Mabry. After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the Boston Red Sox for Josh Hancock. He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.", "Outfielder John Milner testified that while he was playing for the New York Mets, he had seen in the locker of teammate Willie Mays a powerful liquid amphetamine he called the \"red juice\". Steroids finally made it to baseball\u2019s banned substance list in 1991, however testing for major league players did not begin until the 2003 season. While testing for steroids began, the usage did not stop. In 2005, Jose Canseco released a tell-all book, \"\", about his experience with steroids in his career. In the book, Canseco named several other players, including Mark McGwire, Rafael Palmeiro, Ivan Rodriguez, Juan Gonzalez and Jason Giambi, as steroid users. The book caused great controversy, and most of these players claimed Canseco's implications to be false, though McGwire and Giambi later admitted to using PEDs, and Palmeiro has tested positive. In 2008, Canseco released another book, \"Vindicated\", about his frustrations in the aftermath of the publishing of \"Juiced\". In it, he discusses his belief that Alex Rodriguez also used steroids. The claim was proven true with Rodriguez's admission in 2009, just after his name was leaked as being on the list of 103 players who tested positive for banned substances in Major League Baseball. In July 2013, Alex Rodriguez was again under investigation for using banned substances provided by Biogenesis of America. He was suspended for the entirety of the 2014 season. In January 2010, Mark McGwire admitted to using steroids throughout his professional baseball career. He claimed to only have used steroids for health reasons and for quick recovery, never for strength or size gains. These claims were publicly disputed by McGwire's steroid supplier, who stated that he did, in fact, use steroids to gain a competitive edge.", "Bonds and Clemens received less than half the number of votes needed, and some voters stated that they would not vote for any first-time candidate who played during the steroid era\u2014whether accused of using banned substances or not\u2014because of the effect the substances had on baseball. In 2002, a major scandal arose when it was discovered that a company called BALCO (Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative), owned by Victor Conte, had been producing so-called \"designer steroids\", (specifically \"the clear\" and \"the cream\") which are steroids that could not be detected through drug tests at that time. In addition, the company had connections to several San Francisco Bay Area sports trainers and athletes, including the trainers of Jason Giambi and Barry Bonds. This revelation lead to a vast criminal investigation into BALCO's connections with athletes from baseball and many other sports. Among the many athletes who have been linked to BALCO are Olympic sprinters Tim Montgomery and Marion Jones, Olympic shot-putter C. J. Hunter, and Major League Baseball players Jason Giambi and Barry Bonds. During grand jury testimony in December 2003\u2014which was illegally leaked to the San Francisco Chronicle and published in December 2004\u2014Giambi allegedly admitted to using many different steroids, including fertility drugs (which could account for his declining health in the past few years). The reports that came from the San Francisco Chronicle were done by Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams, who revealed that the Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative did not merely manufacture nutritional supplements, but also distributed exotic steroids. Williams and Fairanu-Wada also provided compelling evidence that Bonds, arguably the greatest player of his generation, was one of BALCO's steroid clients. The paper reported that these substances were probably designer steroids.", "Late in 2003, Giambi was named by FBI officers investigating the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) as being one of the baseball players believed to have received anabolic steroids from trainer Greg Anderson. In December 2004, the San Francisco Chronicle reported it had seen Giambi's 2003 grand jury testimony in the BALCO investigation. The newspaper said that in his testimony, Giambi admitted to using several different steroids during the off-seasons from 2001 to 2003, and injecting himself with human growth hormone during the 2003 season. In a press conference prior to the 2005 season, Giambi apologized publicly to the media and his fans, though he did not specifically state what for. The lawyer who illegally leaked the testimony later pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison. Giambi apologized again on May 16, 2007, this time specifically for using steroids, and urged others in the sport to do the same. \"I was wrong for using that stuff\", he told USA Today. \"What we should have done a long time ago was stand up--players, ownership, everybody--and said, 'We made a mistake.'\" When asked why he used steroids, Giambi responded: \"Maybe one day I'll talk about it, but not now.\" Giambi did speak with George J. Mitchell, after being forced to do so by Bud Selig. Subsequently, in December 2007, the Mitchell Report included Giambi along with his brother Jeremy Giambi, who also admitted to using steroids during his career. The prosecution in the Barry Bonds perjury case indicated they intended to call both Jason and Jeremy Giambi to testify against Bonds in his March 2009 trial.", "In the summer of 2003, USADA investigators received a syringe with trace amounts of a mysterious substance. The anonymous tipster was Trevor Graham, sprint coach to Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. The syringe went to Don Catlin, MD, the founder and then-director of the UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, who had developed a testing process for the substance, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG). He tested 550 existing samples from athletes, of which 20 proved to fail for THG. Athletes including Kelli White, British sprinter Dwain Chambers, shot putter Kevin Toth, middle distance runner Regina Jacobs, and hammer throwers John McEwen and Melissa Price were subsequently incriminated in the investigation. The former American League MVP admitted to steroid use as well as HGH use in front of a grand jury in December 2003. Jason Giambi first became connected with BALCO after inquiring with Greg Anderson about Barry Bonds' training regimen. The much publicized leak of court documents which were said to contain this admission led to a tarnishing of Giambi's career, yet because he never actually failed a drug test, Giambi has, thus far, avoided punishment from Major League Baseball. Giambi subsequently made a few apologies to the media, the most direct of which may have come on May 16, 2007, when he told USA Today, \"I was wrong for using that stuff... what we should have done a long time ago was stand up \u2014 players, ownership, everybody - and said 'we made a mistake.' \" His younger brother Jeremy, a fellow major leaguer and former teammate of Giambi's on the Oakland A's, was also involved in receiving supplements from BALCO, and has admitted to using steroids during his career."], "answer": {"text": "Giambi admitted to using several different steroids during the off-seasons from 2001 to 2003,", "answer_start": 387}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was the BALCO scandal?", "answer": {"text": "Late in 2003,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scandal about?", "answer": {"text": "one of the baseball players believed to have received anabolic steroids from trainer Greg Anderson.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anybody report on the scandal?", "answer": {"text": "the San Francisco Chronicle", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_404e806c32bf41abbd286a7f15fc72f8_0_q#0", "question": "what is marriage-a-la-mode?", "rewrite": "what is marriage-a-la-mode?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Following the restructuring, Les Ailes de la Mode department store became one of the two remaining divisions of Groupe Les Ailes de la Mode (the other division being Bikini Village). In August 2005, Groupe Les Ailes de la Mode sold Les Ailes de la Mode stores to the Fairwheather Group, (currently named Fairweather I.N.C Group). Fairwheather Group heavily modified the concept of Les Ailes de la Mode from an upscale department store to a discount store. \"Les Ailes de la Mode\" magazine ceased publication and was discontinued. Les Ailes de la Mode stopped selling prestigious apparel and cosmetic brands, including Hugo Boss, Versace, G-Star, Dolce & Gabbana, Tommy Hilfiger, Armani, Nautica, Polo Ralph Lauren, DKNY, Diesel, Jones New York, Calvin Klein, Guess, Lanc\u00f4me, and Chanel. Instead, Les Ailes de la Mode sold discount merchandise from the various store banners and in-house brands of parent company Fairweather I.N.C Group, including International Concepts, Stockhomme, Pinstripe, Fairweather, and Randy River. The brands, relatively unknown to Quebec consumers due to the absence of several of these store banners in the province, rendered Les Ailes de la Mode stores as outlets for all merchandise of Fairweather I.N.C Group. In-store restaurants and beauty salons were all shut down, and the stores no longer sold cosmetics and pianos. Most checkout and fitting rooms were closed, leaving several of Les Ailes de la Mode' shuttered sections unoccupied. The size of the downtown Montreal store reduced so drastically that it was using the corridor of the mall, Complexe Les Ailes, to display and sell merchandise.", "Marriage \u00e0 la Mode (short story) Marriage \u00e0 la Mode is a 1921 short story by Katherine Mansfield. It was first published in \"The Sphere\" on 31 December 1921, and later reprinted in \"The Garden Party and Other Stories\". The title is a play on the phrase \"mariage \u00e0 la mode\" in French, which means 'fashionable marriage'. William would usually buy his children sweets because he knows his wife won't let him buy them 'big donkeys and engines', as that would be unseemly. This time he buys fruit instead. As it is, they have moved from a small house in London to a bigger one in the countryside. It appears Isabel has changed, thanks to the influence of an older, richer friend, and she now considers William dull and bourgeois. They have a spat about it one evening. Isabel then picks up William at the train station, and her affected, Bohemian friends are there. Bobby Kane joins them on the way, and Isabel pays for the sweets he bought. They all go bathing except for William and they come back late, loud, and saying bad things about William. Then at dinner they overeat, and tuck in. The next day, William returns to London for work. On the train, he writes a letter to his wife. While they are out in the garden, Isabel receives the letter and reads it out loud to her friends, who find it hilarious. She then runs to her bedroom and feels ashamed of having read it to them. She comes to the conclusion that she will write to her husband later but for the time being she will go back to her friends. The text is written in the modernist mode, without a set structure, and with many shifts in the narrative.", "Pie \u00e0 la Mode Pie \u00e0 la Mode (literally \"pie in the current fashion\"/ \"fashionable pie\") is pie served with ice cream. Pie \u00e0 la Mode was allegedly invented at the Cambridge Hotel in Cambridge, Washington County, New York, in the 1890s. The claim is that while visiting the hotel, Charles Watson Townsend ordered a slice of apple pie with ice cream. When asked by another guest what he called the dish, he named it \"Pie \u00e0 la Mode\". Townsend subsequently ordered it by that name every day during his stay. When he later ordered it by that name at Delmonico's Restaurant in New York City, the waiter responded that he had never heard of it. Townsend chastised the waiter by stating: The manager, when called by the waiter, declared \"Delmonico's never intends that any other shall get ahead of it... Forthwith, pie \u00e0 la mode will be featured on the menu every day\". A reporter for the \"New York Sun\" newspaper overheard the disturbance and wrote an article about it the next day. Soon, Pie \u00e0 la Mode became a standard on menus around the United States. When Charles Watson Townsend died on May 20, 1936, a controversy developed as to who really invented Pie \u00e0 la Mode. The \"New York Times\" reported that \u201cPie \u00e0 la Mode\u201d was first invented by Townsend at the Cambridge Hotel in Cambridge, New York in the late 1800s. It was later reported by several sources that Townsend ordered pie and ice cream at the Cambridge Hotel in 1896, and thus invented the dessert. The legend also states that a reporter from \"The Sun\" newspaper in New York overheard a conversation between the manager of Delmonico's Restaurant and Charles Townsend. The reporter was said to have written about the incident in the very next issue of \"The Sun\".", "Les Ailes de la Mode  Les Ailes de la Mode Inc. was a Quebec clothing retail store chain. Its flagship store was in downtown Montreal and was the anchor tenant of the Complexe Les Ailes. Les Ailes de la Mode also subleased a section of their department stores to Bowring. Les Ailes de la Mode was last based in North York, Ontario alongside parent company Fairweather I.N.C Group. Prior to 2005, it was based in Boucherville, Quebec as part of the San Francisco Group. Les Ailes de la Mode was founded in 1993 by Jean Delage Roberge as a division of its San Francisco women clothing chain. Les Ailes de la Mode derived from a magazine of the same name that was founded in 1988 also by Jean Delage Roberge. Les Ailes de la Mode opened its first store in 1994 at Mail Champlain in Brossard, Quebec. At the time, this store had two stories with a pianist playing throughout the store. A restaurant as well as a coffee shop named \"Brulerie-les-Ailes\" were part of the Brossard store. This store also had a talking bear in the kids section. The popularity of Les Ailes de la Mode inspired an IMAX theatre that was opening up in the same mall in 1996 to call itself \"Imax Les Ailes\". Les Ailes de la Mode made its reputation as an upscale department store selling prestigious apparel and cosmetic brands, including Hugo Boss, Versace, G-Star, Dolce & Gabbana, Tommy Hilfiger, Armani, Nautica, Polo Ralph Lauren, DKNY, Diesel, Jones New York, Calvin Klein, Guess, Lanc\u00f4me, and Chanel.", "Les Ailes de la Mode' return policy became restricted to exchanges only for items on regular price and the chain no longer accepted any return at all for items on sales. The management of Carrefour Laval, having been unsatisfied with Les Ailes de la Mode's new identity and lack of cachet, decided not to continue the store lease upon expiry in February 2011. The management of Complexe Les Ailes had also questioned the future of the store in their mall for similar reasons. The imminent closure of the Place Ste-Foy store was announced in March 2014 and ceased its activities on February 25, 2015. The Ailes de la Mode inside Complexe Les Ailes closed at the start of 2016. Most of the remaining Les Ailes de la Mode locations (Drummondville and Chateauguay) unceremoniously closed in 2016. The last store in Brossard followed suit in 2017, effectively ending the existence of a chain that was once respected in the 1990s and early 2000s. In addition to the aforementioned departments stores, Les Ailes de la Mode had warehouses located at Le Faubourg de l'\u00cele in Pincourt, Les Galeries de la Canardi\u00e8re in Quebec City, Place Fleurs de Lys in Quebec City, Centre Les Rivi\u00e8res in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res and Place du Royaume in Chicoutimi. The Les Ailes de La Mode Xpress chain was a smaller version of Les Ailes de la Mode. It consisted of 8 boutiques. Les Ailes de La Mode Xpress was a unisex retailer and all of its goods were also sold in large Les Ailes de la Mode stores. Les Ailes de La Mode Xpress shared the same logo as Les Ailes de la Mode department stores with the addition of the term \"Xpress\" underneath."], "answer": {"text": "Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society.", "answer_start": 14}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_404e806c32bf41abbd286a7f15fc72f8_0_q#1", "question": "what were the six pictures called?", "rewrite": "what were the six pictures of William Hogarth called?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sunqua  Sunqua (active 1830\u20131870) was a Chinese painter during the Qing dynasty. He was one of the best known of the Chinese artists in 19th century producing pictures for the European market. Residing in China Street in the city of Canton (Guangzhou), Sunqua worked and established studios in Canton and Macao, and was known for his large oil pictures of the shipping and trade into these ports. His studio also concentrated on flower and trade albums, most of which are in full bodycolour painted on pith paper. In 1838, he was credited as the \"Chinese Hogarth\" for his series of six pictures to illustrate the effects of opium-smoking in the style of English painter William Hogarth's series \"A Rake's Progress\". Painted on pith paper, the series portrays the progress of an opium smoker from health and prosperity to misery and degradation. \" The Chinese Repository\" described the work as \"the most spirited and striking thing we have ever yet seen from the pencil of a Chinese\" in 1837. He also drew a series illustrating a gambler's career.", "List of works by William Hogarth This is a list of works by William Hogarth by publication date (if known). As a printmaker Hogarth often employed other engravers to produce his work and frequently revised his works between one print run and the next, so it is often difficult to accurately differentiate between works by (or for) Hogarth and those in the style of or \"after\". Some of the less likely, possible, doubtful works and those formerly identified as Hogarth's works are listed at the end. Numbers in square brackets refer to the catalogue numbers in Ronald Paulson's third edition of \"Hogarth's Graphic Works\" (those with asterisks are classified as \"After Hogarth\" by Paulson). The works are all paintings, prints or drawings, apart from Hogarth's book \"The Analysis of Beauty\". Various works which are either wrongly attributed to Hogarth, unlikely to be his work, or where some doubt exists as to whether they are his.", "Samuel Scott (painter)  Samuel Scott (1702 \u2013 12 October 1772) was a British landscape painter known for his riverside scenes and seascapes. Scott was born in London, and began painting in around 1720, Nothing is known of his artistic training. He started as a maritime artist, painting men-of-war and other ships on calm seas in the style of Willem van de Velde, many of whose drawings he owned. He also painted a set of six pictures of settlements owned by the East India Company in collaboration with George Lambert. Scott painted the ships, Lambert the buildings and landscape. Writing in 1733, George Vertue included Scott among London's \"most elevated men in art\". From 27\u201331 May 1732 he made a celebrated \"Five days' Peregrination\" to the Isle of Sheppey in company with William Hogarth and others. An account of their trip was written by Ebenezer Forrest and published in 1782, illustrated with drawings by Hogarth and Scott. In the early 1740s, Scott began making sketches of London, especially of the new Westminster Bridge, then under construction, When, following the arrival of Canaletto in London in 1746, paintings of views of the city became fashionable, he began working the sketches up into oil paintings. He painted at least eleven versions of a view of Old London Bridge, the earliest dating from 1747. Scott continued to paint copies of it after 1757, when the houses lining the bridge, shown in the painting had been demolished. The London Bridge pictures were often painted as one of a pair, with an image of the Tower of London or Westminster Bridge as a pendant. Between 1761 and 1771 he exhibited three works at the Society of Artists, one at the Free Society of artists, and one, \"A View of the Tower of London\", at the Royal Academy in 1771.", "William Hogarth (bishop) William Hogarth (1786\u20131866) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the first Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle. Born at Dodding Green, Kendal, Westmorland on 25 March 1786, he began his early education began at Crook Hall, near Consett on 29 August 1796. Hogarth received the tonsure and the four minor orders from Bishop William Gibson on 19 March 1807. The hall became inadequate for its purpose and the establishment was moved to Ushaw College in 1808. He was ordained a sub-deacon on 2 April 1808, a deacon on 14 December 1808, and a priest on 20 December 1809. Following his ordination as a priest, it had been intended for Hogarth to serve the mission in Blackburn, but he was too useful to Ushaw and was made one of the professors, and became General Prefect. He left the college on 31 October 1816 to serve as the chaplain at Cliffe Hall, Cliffe in Yorkshire. After eight years, he was transferred to the mission in Darlington on 9 November 1824. He became Vicar General to bishops Briggs, Mostyn and Riddell. He was appointed the Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District of England and Titular Bishop of \"Samosata\" on 28 July 1848. His consecration to the Episcopate took place at St Cuthbert's Chapel, Ushaw College on 24 August 1848, the principal consecrator was Bishop John Briggs, with bishops Brown and Wareing as co-consecrators. On the restoration of the Catholic Hierarchy in England and Wales on 29 September 1850, the Northern District was elevated to the Diocese of Hexham, with William Hogarth as its first bishop.", "Marriage A-la-Mode (Hogarth) Marriage A-la-Mode is a series of six pictures painted by William Hogarth between 1743 and 1745 depicting a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society. This moralistic warning shows the disastrous results of an ill-considered marriage for money and satirises patronage and aesthetics. The pictures are exhibited in the National Gallery, London. This series of paintings were not received as well as his other moral tales, \"A Harlot's Progress\" (1732) and \"A Rake's Progress\" (1735), and when they were finally sold in 1751, it would be for a much lower sum than the artist had hoped for. In \"Marriage A-la-Mode,\" Hogarth challenges the traditional view that the rich live virtuous lives with a heavy satire on the notion of arranged marriages. In each piece, he shows the young couple and their family and acquaintances at their worst: engaging in affairs, drinking, gambling, and numerous other vices. This is regarded by many as his finest project, certainly the best example of his serially-planned story cycles. These pictures were at first poorly received by the public, to the great disappointment of the artist. He sold them to a Mr. Lane of Hillington for one hundred and twenty guineas. The frames alone had cost Hogarth four guineas each, so his initial remuneration for painting this valuable series was only sixteen shillings over a hundred pounds. From Mr. Lane's estate, they became the property of his nephew, Colonel Cawthorn. In May 1796 they were sold by auction at Christie's, Pall Mall, for the sum of one thousand guineas; the purchaser was John Julius Angerstein. They are now owned by the British government and are part of the collection of the National Gallery."], "answer": {"text": "The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield,", "answer_start": 840}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is marriage-a-la-mode?", "answer": {"text": "Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_404e806c32bf41abbd286a7f15fc72f8_0_q#2", "question": "who did viscount squanderfield marry?", "rewrite": "who did viscount squanderfield marry?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To eliminate the need for collateral (the poor man's obstacle to receiving bank loans), village banks rely on a variation of the solidarity lending methodology. It relies on a system of cross-guarantees, where each member of a village bank ensures the loan of every other member. This system gives rise to an atmosphere of social pressure within the village bank, where the cost of social embarrassment motivates bank members to repay their loans in full. The admixture of cross-guarantees and social pressure makes it possible for even the poorest people to receive loans. This method has proven very effective for FINCA, yielding a repayment rate of over 97% in its worldwide network. Village banks are highly democratic, self-managed, grassroots organizations. They elect their own leaders, select their own members, create their own bylaws, do their own bookkeeping, manage all funds, disburse and deposit all funds, resolve loan delinquency problems, and levy their own fines on members who come late, miss meetings, or fall behind in their payments. There was some hope in the early years of village bank development that these small village organizations could become independent and self-financing, but this hope was later abandoned. Most village banks in operation today are directly supervised by the staff of a local NGO or microfinance institution, from which they receive much of their loan financing. Market interest rates apply to village bank loans. At the end of 2006, the average portfolio yield for a sample 71 microfinance institutions engaged in village banking was 27.7%, after removing the effect of local inflation. The village bank itself will usually mark up this rate when it on-lends to individual members. While these rates seem high, they are low compared to those charged by local moneylenders in most countries.", "Following the successful use of the 2001 edition of the North American Specification for six years, it was revised and expanded in 2007. This updated specification includes new and revised design provisions with the additions of the Direct Strength Method in Appendix 1 and the Second-Order Analysis of structural systems in Appendix 2. In addition to the AISI specifications, the American Iron and Steel Institute has also published commentaries on various editions of the specifications, design manuals, framing design standards, various design guides, and design aids for using cold-formed steel. For details, see AISI website. The United States, Mexico and Canada use the North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, document number AISI S100-2007. Member states of the European Union use section 1-3 of the Eurocode 3 (EN 1993) for the design of cold formed steel members. Other nations utilize various design specifications, many based on AISI S-100, as adopted by the building codes listed below. Another list of international cold-formed steel codes and standards is maintained (and can be edited with permission) at Cold-Formed Steel Codes Around the World. Ethiopia Building Codes: EBCS-1 Basis of design and actions on structures EBCS-3 Design of steel structures South Africa Specification: SANS 10162 - The Structural Use of Steel: Part 2 - Limit-state design of cold-formed steelwork Building code: National Building Regulations of South Africa United States Specification: North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, document number AISI S100-2007 published by the American Iron and Steel Institute in October 2007. Building Code: IBC and/or NFPA may be enforced, but both reference AISI S100. Canada Specification: North American Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, document number", "As with many other microcredit methodologies, village banking eliminates collateral (the poor man's obstacle to receiving commercial bank loans) as a loan prerequisite. Instead, it relies on a system of cross-guarantees, where each member of a village bank ensures the loan of every other member. This system gives rise to an atmosphere of social pressure within the village bank, where the cost of social embarrassment motivates bank members to repay their loans in full. The admixture of cross-guarantees and social pressure makes it possible for even the poorest people to receive loans. This method has proven very effective for FINCA, yielding a repayment rate of over 97% in its worldwide network. Market interest rates apply to village bank loans, usually matching what local commercial banks charge their customers but usually only a tiny fraction of the usurious rates charged by local moneylenders. The capital for these loans is provided by FINCA with on-time weekly installment repayments collectively guaranteed by all members\u2014i.e., a shortfall by one member must be covered by other group members. Village banks are highly democratic, self-managed, grassroots organizations. They elect their own leaders, select their own members, create their own bylaws, do their own bookkeeping, manage all funds, disburse and deposit all funds, resolve loan delinquency problems, and levy their own fines on members who come late, miss meetings, or fall behind in their payments. Worldwide FINCA\u2019s 20 affiliates have about 10,000 staff, of which the majority are field staff (loan officers and supervisors). Each loan officer attends the monthly meeting of each of her 10-15 village banks to coach its leadership committee and monitor the bank\u2019s activities.", "Eytan Rockaway Eytan Rockaway is a film director, writer and producer. After graduating from NYU's Tisch School of the Arts, he co-founded A Matter of Substance, a cross platform media/entertainment entity spanning the fields of Music, Film and Television. In '07 the company's focus shifted to creating a new high definition channel AMOS Television. Rockaway directed and produced both artistic and commercial work in Film and Television. \" The Abandoned\" (2015 film) Rockaway\u2019s directorial debut, was an official selection of the Los Angeles Film Festival and the Chicago International Film Festival. IFC Films released The Abandoned in theaters January 2016.", "In 1743-1745, Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society. This moralistic warning shows the miserable tragedy of an ill-considered marriage for money. This is regarded by many as his finest project and may be among his best-planned story serials. Marital ethics were the topic of much debate in 18th-century Britain. The many marriages of convenience and their attendant unhappiness came in for particular criticism, with a variety of authors taking the view that love was a much sounder basis for marriage. Hogarth here painted a satire - a genre that by definition has a moral point to convey - of a conventional marriage within the English upper class. All the paintings were engraved and the series achieved wide circulation in print form. The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield, the son of bankrupt Earl Squander, to the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant, starting with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion and ending with the murder of the son by his wife's lover and the suicide of the daughter after her lover is hanged at Tyburn for murdering her husband. William Makepeace Thackeray wrote:  This famous set of pictures contains the most important and highly wrought of the Hogarth comedies. The care and method with which the moral grounds of these pictures are laid is as remarkable as the wit and skill of the observing and dexterous artist. He has to describe the negotiations for a marriage pending between the daughter of a rich citizen Alderman and young Lord Viscount Squanderfield, the dissipated son of a gouty old Earl ... The dismal end is known."], "answer": {"text": "the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant, starting with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion", "answer_start": 999}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what is marriage-a-la-mode?", "answer": {"text": "Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the six pictures called?", "answer": {"text": "The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield,", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_404e806c32bf41abbd286a7f15fc72f8_0_q#3", "question": "what was the next step after the signing?", "rewrite": "what was the William Hogarth's next step of  after the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1743-1745, Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society. This moralistic warning shows the miserable tragedy of an ill-considered marriage for money. This is regarded by many as his finest project and may be among his best-planned story serials. Marital ethics were the topic of much debate in 18th-century Britain. The many marriages of convenience and their attendant unhappiness came in for particular criticism, with a variety of authors taking the view that love was a much sounder basis for marriage. Hogarth here painted a satire - a genre that by definition has a moral point to convey - of a conventional marriage within the English upper class. All the paintings were engraved and the series achieved wide circulation in print form. The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield, the son of bankrupt Earl Squander, to the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant, starting with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion and ending with the murder of the son by his wife's lover and the suicide of the daughter after her lover is hanged at Tyburn for murdering her husband. William Makepeace Thackeray wrote:  This famous set of pictures contains the most important and highly wrought of the Hogarth comedies. The care and method with which the moral grounds of these pictures are laid is as remarkable as the wit and skill of the observing and dexterous artist. He has to describe the negotiations for a marriage pending between the daughter of a rich citizen Alderman and young Lord Viscount Squanderfield, the dissipated son of a gouty old Earl ... The dismal end is known.", "He provided a collection of Hogarth's works, commissioned replica furniture based on pieces in Hogarth prints and even took the photographs for the first guide book himself. He opened it to visitors in 1904. Shipway gave the house to Middlesex County Council in 1909 and ownership passed to Hounslow Council when Middlesex was abolished in 1965. The house was damaged in September 1940 as a result of a parachute mine explosion nearby during World War II. It was repaired and re-opened in 1951. At that time the single-storey extension was completely rebuilt to provide a small exhibition room. The interior of the House was refurbished for the Hogarth Tercentenary in 1997. In 2014 the William Hogarth Trust commissioned a special exhibition to be held at the museum to mark the 250th anniversary of Hogarth's death. This exhibition featured artwork submissions from over fifty artists and celebrities in tribute to Hogarth including works by Quentin Blake, Harry Hill, Jacqueline Wilson, Cath Kidston, Peter Blake (artist) and Joanna Lumley. The house closed for refurbishment in September 2008. On 14 August 2009, there was a fire in the house, which was empty. No furnishings or prints were lost, but the staircase and one room were badly damaged and other areas suffered from smoke damage and the effects of the water which doused the flames. The entire structure was carefully restored and a major research project carried out on the history of the House and its occupants. A paint analysis informed the re-decoration, and original features were repaired and revealed, including window shutters, fire surrounds and hearths, and two areas of original floorboards. The Heritage Lottery Fund, the John & Ruth Howard Charitable Trust and the William Hogarth Trust supported the London Borough of Hounslow in this project with grants and expert advice.", "William Hogarth (bishop) William Hogarth (1786\u20131866) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the first Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle. Born at Dodding Green, Kendal, Westmorland on 25 March 1786, he began his early education began at Crook Hall, near Consett on 29 August 1796. Hogarth received the tonsure and the four minor orders from Bishop William Gibson on 19 March 1807. The hall became inadequate for its purpose and the establishment was moved to Ushaw College in 1808. He was ordained a sub-deacon on 2 April 1808, a deacon on 14 December 1808, and a priest on 20 December 1809. Following his ordination as a priest, it had been intended for Hogarth to serve the mission in Blackburn, but he was too useful to Ushaw and was made one of the professors, and became General Prefect. He left the college on 31 October 1816 to serve as the chaplain at Cliffe Hall, Cliffe in Yorkshire. After eight years, he was transferred to the mission in Darlington on 9 November 1824. He became Vicar General to bishops Briggs, Mostyn and Riddell. He was appointed the Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District of England and Titular Bishop of \"Samosata\" on 28 July 1848. His consecration to the Episcopate took place at St Cuthbert's Chapel, Ushaw College on 24 August 1848, the principal consecrator was Bishop John Briggs, with bishops Brown and Wareing as co-consecrators. On the restoration of the Catholic Hierarchy in England and Wales on 29 September 1850, the Northern District was elevated to the Diocese of Hexham, with William Hogarth as its first bishop.", "List of works by William Hogarth This is a list of works by William Hogarth by publication date (if known). As a printmaker Hogarth often employed other engravers to produce his work and frequently revised his works between one print run and the next, so it is often difficult to accurately differentiate between works by (or for) Hogarth and those in the style of or \"after\". Some of the less likely, possible, doubtful works and those formerly identified as Hogarth's works are listed at the end. Numbers in square brackets refer to the catalogue numbers in Ronald Paulson's third edition of \"Hogarth's Graphic Works\" (those with asterisks are classified as \"After Hogarth\" by Paulson). The works are all paintings, prints or drawings, apart from Hogarth's book \"The Analysis of Beauty\". Various works which are either wrongly attributed to Hogarth, unlikely to be his work, or where some doubt exists as to whether they are his.", "Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse (originally known as The Artist Painting the Comic Muse) is a painting in the National Portrait Gallery, London by the British artist William Hogarth. It was painted in approximately 1757 and published as a print in etching and engraving in 1758, with its final and sixth state in 1764. Hogarth used this particular self-portrait as the frontispiece of his collected engravings, published in 1764. The painting depicts Hogarth himself painting the Muse of Comedy, which represented artistic inspiration. Hogarth's decision to paint this particular figure may relate to his artistic motto: \"my picture was my stage and men and women my actors\", as the Comic Muse was said to provide inspiration for playwrights. Seated in front of his easel, palette in hand, Hogarth eagerly works at his painting; Hogarth expressly wanted a self-portrait in which he was depicted in the middle of painting a piece, rather than in a static pose. Leaning against the right leg of the easel is Hogarth's \"The Analysis of Beauty\", a text which was written to complement this particular piece. X-ray analysis shows that the painting originally had a small dog relieving himself on a pile of old master paintings. The print of \"Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse\" went through several alterations mostly relating to the inscription at the bottom of the page. In the second state, the inscription read: \"W Hogarth Sergeant Painter to His Majesty. The Face Engrav'd by W Hogarth and Publish'd as the Act directs\". The third state omits \"and\", while adding \"March 29, 1758\" to the end. The fourth state omits \" The Face Engrav'd by W Hogarth\"."], "answer": {"text": "ending with the murder of the son by his wife's lover", "answer_start": 1127}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is marriage-a-la-mode?", "answer": {"text": "Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the six pictures called?", "answer": {"text": "The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield,", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did viscount squanderfield marry?", "answer": {"text": "the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant, starting with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion", "answer_start": 999, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_404e806c32bf41abbd286a7f15fc72f8_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the signing of a marriage contract?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In France and Belgium (as in Quebec, which has the same judicial tradition) prenuptial agreements must be set up in the presence of a notary. In many of the countries mentioned, prenuptials may also protect the non-shared property and money from being pulled into a bankruptcy and can serve to support lawsuits and settlements during the marriage (for instance if one part has sold or wrongfully mortgaged a piece of property that had been set aside by his/her partner). In accordance with provisions of Section 10 of the Family Code of Ukraine, marriage relationships, rights and duties of spouses can be regulated by a Marriage contract as well if spouses wish to settle their property relations in other manner then it is provided by the Family Code of Ukraine. Marriage (prenuptial) contract can be concluded by a woman and a man, who applied for registration of their marriage as well as by spouses. Underaged person, who wants to conclude a marriage contract before registration of the marriage, is to have a signed consent of his/her parent or custodian certified by a notary. Numerous provisions of this section of the Family Code of Ukraine provide quite extensive requirements as regarding the form and contents of the marriage contract and the procedural issues of making the same are regulated by appropriate Instruction of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine as regarding the procedure of notarization of marriage contracts as well as far as notarization is required. Imperative requirements as regarding content of the marriage contract are provided by clause 93 of the Family Code of Ukraine, which states that the marriage contract governs property relations between spouses, determines their property rights and duties. Marriage contract can also determine property rights and duties of spouses as parents, but with certain limitations. Personal relations of spouses cannot be regulated by the marriage contract, as well as personal relations between spouses and their children.", "Marriage in the Palestinian territories  Marriage in the Palestinian territories deals with the marriage law and customs in the Palestinian territories, ie., the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Israeli marriage law applies to Israeli settlers in Area C of the West Bank. Muslims resident in East Jerusalem are subject to Israeli marriage law. Personal status issues of Muslims in the Palestinian territories, including marriage, are governed by customary law, of the Sunni Islam Hanafi school (despite most Palestinian Muslims follow the Shafi'i school) as codified and modified by legislation as follows: In the Gaza Strip, the Egyptian-issued \"Law of Family Rights 1954\" set puberty as the minimum age of marriage with no marriage allowed for a female aged under 9 or a male aged under 12. The Palestinian Qadi al-Quda issued an administrative decision in 1995 raising these ages in Gaza to a minimum of 15 for the female and 16 for the male, which aligned with the Jordanian law which applied to the West Bank. All ages are calculated according to the lunar calendar. Registration of marriage is mandatory, but failure to register a marriage does not invalidate the marriage. As at March 2012, work is reported to be proceeding on the text of a Palestinian personal status law. Polygyny, whereby a husband has more than one wife, is explicitly permitted. However, a woman can specify in the marriage contract whether or not her husband can take additional wives during the couple's marriage, and if the husband does so in violation of that marriage contract then she can petition for a divorce. There are also the classical injunctions that a man must treat all co-wives equitably and provide them with separate dwellings, and a man must declare his social status in the marriage contract. Polyandry, whereby a wife has more than one husband, is not permitted.", "Islamic marriage contract An Islamic marriage contract is an Islamic prenuptial agreement. It is a formal, binding contract considered an integral part of an Islamic marriage, and outlines the rights and responsibilities of the groom and bride or other parties involved in marriage proceedings. In Sunni Islam, a marriage contract must have at least two witnesses. Proper witnessing is critical to the validation of the marriage, also acting as a protection against suspicions of adulterous relationships. In Shia Islam, witnesses to a marriage are deemed necessary, but in case are not available then the two parties may conduct the nikah between themselves. It is also believed that temporary marriage, or Nikah Mut'ah (a type of contract which had more relaxed requirements) was prohibited in Sunni Islam, the necessity of witnessing was introduced by Sunni caliphs, specifically Umar, to ensure that no couples engaged in secret union. Marriages are usually not held in mosques, (depending on the country and culture of both where the marriage happens and the parties involved) because typically men and women are separated during the ceremony and reception. Islam doesn't authorize any official clergy, so any Muslim who understands the Islamic tradition can be the official for the wedding. However, if a Muslim wedding is held in a mosque, then a marriage officiant, known as \"qadi\", \"qazi\" or \"madhun\" (), may preside over the wedding. Among the stipulations that can be included in the marriage contract include giving up, or demanding, certain responsibilities. The contract may also be used to regulate the couple's physical relationship, if needed. The marriage contract can also specify where the couple will live, whether or not the first wife will allow the husband to take a second wife without her consent. The wife has the right to initiate divorce, it is called khula.", "Arcanum (Catholic encyclical)  Arcanum (also known as Arcanum Divinae) is an encyclical issued 10 February 1880 by Pope Leo XIII on the topic of Christian marriage. It was considered the forerunner to Pope Pius XI's 1930 \"Casti connubii\" and Pope Paul VI's 1968 \"Humanae vitae\". \"Arcanum\" outlines the role of marriage in the late 19th Century, and goes through those actions which weaken the marriage contract such as polygamy and divorce. The encyclical also posits the Church as a protector of marriage, and not one interfering in the marital relationship. \"Arcanum\" taught that since family life is the germ of society, and marriage is the basis of family life, the healthy condition of civil no less than of religious society depends on the inviolability of the marriage contract. The argument of the Encyclical runs as follows: The mission of Christ was to restore man in the supernatural order. That should benefit man also in the natural order; first, the individual; and then, as a consequence, human society. Having laid down this principle, the Encyclical deals with Christian marriage which sanctifies the family, i.e. the unit of society. The marriage contract, Divinely instituted, had from the beginning two properties: unity and indissolubility. Through human weakness and wilfulness it was corrupted in the course of time; polygamy destroyed its unity, and divorce its indissolubility. Christ restored the original idea of human marriage, and to sanctify more thoroughly this institution He raised the marriage contract to the dignity of a sacrament.", "Marriage in Islam In Islam, marriage () is a legal contract between a man and a woman. Both the groom and the bride are to consent to the marriage of their own free wills. A formal, binding contract - verbal or on paper - is considered integral to a religiously valid Islamic marriage, and outlines the rights and responsibilities of the groom and bride. There must be two Muslim witnesses of the marriage contract. Divorce in Islam can take a variety of forms, some executed by a husband personally and some executed by a religious court on behalf of a plaintiff wife who is successful in her legal divorce petition for valid cause. In addition to the usual marriage until death or divorce, there is a different fixed-term marriage known as zaw\u0101j al-mut\u02bbah (\"pleasure marriage\") permitted only by the Twelver branch of Shi'ite Islam for a pre-fixed period. There is also Nikah Misyar, a non-temporary marriage with the removal of some conditions such as living together, permitted by Sunni Muslims. Sunnis also allow Nikah 'urfi and some sects of Sunni allow Nikah halala. In Islamic law, marriage \u2014 or more specifically, the marriage contract \u2014 is called , an Arabic word whose original literal meaning was \"sexual intercourse\", but which already in the Quran is used exclusively to refer to the contract of marriage. In the Wehr-Cowan Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, is defined as \"marriage; marriage contract; matrimony, wedlock\". In Arabic-speaking countries, marriage is commonly called \"zaw\u0101j\" (, from the Quranic term \"zawj\" (), referring to a member of a pair), and this term has recently gained currency among Muslim speakers of other languages as well."], "answer": {"text": "Moral: don't listen to evil silver-tongued counselors; don't marry a man for his rank,", "answer_start": 345}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is marriage-a-la-mode?", "answer": {"text": "Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the six pictures called?", "answer": {"text": "The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield,", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did viscount squanderfield marry?", "answer": {"text": "the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant, starting with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion", "answer_start": 999, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the next step after the signing?", "answer": {"text": "ending with the murder of the son by his wife's lover", "answer_start": 1127, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_404e806c32bf41abbd286a7f15fc72f8_0_q#5", "question": "and what else is moral?", "rewrite": "and what else is moral about the article besides the William Hogarth's signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion??", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse (originally known as The Artist Painting the Comic Muse) is a painting in the National Portrait Gallery, London by the British artist William Hogarth. It was painted in approximately 1757 and published as a print in etching and engraving in 1758, with its final and sixth state in 1764. Hogarth used this particular self-portrait as the frontispiece of his collected engravings, published in 1764. The painting depicts Hogarth himself painting the Muse of Comedy, which represented artistic inspiration. Hogarth's decision to paint this particular figure may relate to his artistic motto: \"my picture was my stage and men and women my actors\", as the Comic Muse was said to provide inspiration for playwrights. Seated in front of his easel, palette in hand, Hogarth eagerly works at his painting; Hogarth expressly wanted a self-portrait in which he was depicted in the middle of painting a piece, rather than in a static pose. Leaning against the right leg of the easel is Hogarth's \"The Analysis of Beauty\", a text which was written to complement this particular piece. X-ray analysis shows that the painting originally had a small dog relieving himself on a pile of old master paintings. The print of \"Hogarth Painting the Comic Muse\" went through several alterations mostly relating to the inscription at the bottom of the page. In the second state, the inscription read: \"W Hogarth Sergeant Painter to His Majesty. The Face Engrav'd by W Hogarth and Publish'd as the Act directs\". The third state omits \"and\", while adding \"March 29, 1758\" to the end. The fourth state omits \" The Face Engrav'd by W Hogarth\".", "William Hogarth (bishop) William Hogarth (1786\u20131866) was an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the first Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle. Born at Dodding Green, Kendal, Westmorland on 25 March 1786, he began his early education began at Crook Hall, near Consett on 29 August 1796. Hogarth received the tonsure and the four minor orders from Bishop William Gibson on 19 March 1807. The hall became inadequate for its purpose and the establishment was moved to Ushaw College in 1808. He was ordained a sub-deacon on 2 April 1808, a deacon on 14 December 1808, and a priest on 20 December 1809. Following his ordination as a priest, it had been intended for Hogarth to serve the mission in Blackburn, but he was too useful to Ushaw and was made one of the professors, and became General Prefect. He left the college on 31 October 1816 to serve as the chaplain at Cliffe Hall, Cliffe in Yorkshire. After eight years, he was transferred to the mission in Darlington on 9 November 1824. He became Vicar General to bishops Briggs, Mostyn and Riddell. He was appointed the Vicar Apostolic of the Northern District of England and Titular Bishop of \"Samosata\" on 28 July 1848. His consecration to the Episcopate took place at St Cuthbert's Chapel, Ushaw College on 24 August 1848, the principal consecrator was Bishop John Briggs, with bishops Brown and Wareing as co-consecrators. On the restoration of the Catholic Hierarchy in England and Wales on 29 September 1850, the Northern District was elevated to the Diocese of Hexham, with William Hogarth as its first bishop.", "He provided a collection of Hogarth's works, commissioned replica furniture based on pieces in Hogarth prints and even took the photographs for the first guide book himself. He opened it to visitors in 1904. Shipway gave the house to Middlesex County Council in 1909 and ownership passed to Hounslow Council when Middlesex was abolished in 1965. The house was damaged in September 1940 as a result of a parachute mine explosion nearby during World War II. It was repaired and re-opened in 1951. At that time the single-storey extension was completely rebuilt to provide a small exhibition room. The interior of the House was refurbished for the Hogarth Tercentenary in 1997. In 2014 the William Hogarth Trust commissioned a special exhibition to be held at the museum to mark the 250th anniversary of Hogarth's death. This exhibition featured artwork submissions from over fifty artists and celebrities in tribute to Hogarth including works by Quentin Blake, Harry Hill, Jacqueline Wilson, Cath Kidston, Peter Blake (artist) and Joanna Lumley. The house closed for refurbishment in September 2008. On 14 August 2009, there was a fire in the house, which was empty. No furnishings or prints were lost, but the staircase and one room were badly damaged and other areas suffered from smoke damage and the effects of the water which doused the flames. The entire structure was carefully restored and a major research project carried out on the history of the House and its occupants. A paint analysis informed the re-decoration, and original features were repaired and revealed, including window shutters, fire surrounds and hearths, and two areas of original floorboards. The Heritage Lottery Fund, the John & Ruth Howard Charitable Trust and the William Hogarth Trust supported the London Borough of Hounslow in this project with grants and expert advice.", "In 1743-1745, Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society. This moralistic warning shows the miserable tragedy of an ill-considered marriage for money. This is regarded by many as his finest project and may be among his best-planned story serials. Marital ethics were the topic of much debate in 18th-century Britain. The many marriages of convenience and their attendant unhappiness came in for particular criticism, with a variety of authors taking the view that love was a much sounder basis for marriage. Hogarth here painted a satire - a genre that by definition has a moral point to convey - of a conventional marriage within the English upper class. All the paintings were engraved and the series achieved wide circulation in print form. The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield, the son of bankrupt Earl Squander, to the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant, starting with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion and ending with the murder of the son by his wife's lover and the suicide of the daughter after her lover is hanged at Tyburn for murdering her husband. William Makepeace Thackeray wrote:  This famous set of pictures contains the most important and highly wrought of the Hogarth comedies. The care and method with which the moral grounds of these pictures are laid is as remarkable as the wit and skill of the observing and dexterous artist. He has to describe the negotiations for a marriage pending between the daughter of a rich citizen Alderman and young Lord Viscount Squanderfield, the dissipated son of a gouty old Earl ... The dismal end is known.", "List of works by William Hogarth This is a list of works by William Hogarth by publication date (if known). As a printmaker Hogarth often employed other engravers to produce his work and frequently revised his works between one print run and the next, so it is often difficult to accurately differentiate between works by (or for) Hogarth and those in the style of or \"after\". Some of the less likely, possible, doubtful works and those formerly identified as Hogarth's works are listed at the end. Numbers in square brackets refer to the catalogue numbers in Ronald Paulson's third edition of \"Hogarth's Graphic Works\" (those with asterisks are classified as \"After Hogarth\" by Paulson). The works are all paintings, prints or drawings, apart from Hogarth's book \"The Analysis of Beauty\". Various works which are either wrongly attributed to Hogarth, unlikely to be his work, or where some doubt exists as to whether they are his."], "answer": {"text": "or a woman for her money; don't frequent foolish auctions and masquerade balls unknown to your husband;", "answer_start": 432}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is marriage-a-la-mode?", "answer": {"text": "Hogarth painted the six pictures of Marriage a-la-mode (National Gallery, London), a pointed skewering of upper-class 18th-century society.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the six pictures called?", "answer": {"text": "The series, which is set in a Classical interior, shows the story of the fashionable marriage of Viscount Squanderfield,", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did viscount squanderfield marry?", "answer": {"text": "the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant, starting with the signing of a marriage contract at the Earl's mansion", "answer_start": 999, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the next step after the signing?", "answer": {"text": "ending with the murder of the son by his wife's lover", "answer_start": 1127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Moral: don't listen to evil silver-tongued counselors; don't marry a man for his rank,", "answer_start": 345, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#0", "question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "rewrite": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Dom\u00ednguez Bastida, better known as Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer (February 17, 1836, Seville \u2013 December 22, 1870, Madrid), was a Spanish Romanticist poet and writer (mostly short stories), also a playwright, literary columnist, and talented in drawing. Today he is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature, and is considered by some as the most read writer after Cervantes. He adopted the alias of B\u00e9cquer as his brother Valeriano B\u00e9cquer, a painter, had done earlier. He was associated with the romanticism and post-romanticism movements and wrote while realism was enjoying success in Spain. He was moderately well known during his life, but it was after his death that most of his works were published. His best known works are the \"Rhymes\" and the \"Legends,\" usually published together as \"Rimas y leyendas\". These poems and tales are essential to the study of Spanish literature and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries. His work approached the traditional poetry and themes in a modern way, and he is considered the founder of modern Spanish lyricism. B\u00e9cquer's influence on 20th-century poets of the Spanish language can be felt in the works of Luis Cernuda, Octavio Paz, and Giannina Braschi. B\u00e9cquer influenced numerous later Spanish-language writers, including Luis Cernuda, Giannina Braschi, Octavio Paz, Antonio Machado, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez. B\u00e9cquer himself was influenced by \u2014 both directly and indirectly \u2014 Cervantes, Shakespeare, Goethe, Heinrich Heine", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences."], "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#1", "question": "How well was this work received?", "rewrite": "How well was \"United States of Banana\" by Giannina Braschi received?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["United States of Banana United States of Banana is a 2011 novel by the Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi. Her first work written fully in English, it is a mixed-genre work which blends experimental theater, prose poetry, short story, and essay with a manifesto on democracy and American power in a post\u20139/11 world. The book also explores the author's displacement after the attacks from her home in the Battery Park neighborhood in New York City. Part One, titled as \"Ground Zero\", offers a poetic critique of 21st-century capitalism and corporate censorship with its depictions of New York City before and during the September 11 attacks. Part One unfolds through a collection of metafiction, short stories, and essays on American culture since the attacks on the World Trade Center. In Part Two, called \"United States of Banana\", the structure radically changes into an experimental theater work consisting of dramatic and philosophical dialogues. Historical literary characters Hamlet and Zarathustra (Zoroaster) join the author's alter-ego, Giannina, on a quest to liberate the Puerto Rican prisoner Segismundo from the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty, where he has been held by his father, the king of the United States of Banana, for more than 100 years, for the crime of having been born. When the King remarries, he frees his son, and for the sake of reconciliation, makes Puerto Rico the fifty-first state and grants American passports to all Latin American citizens. The experimental play dramatizes the plight of Latino prisoners in the United States, Puerto Rico's position as an American territory, and Braschi's struggle for liberty. By having the people of Puerto Rico vote on Segismundo's liberty, the work satirizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: statehood, nation, or colony.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship."], "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#2", "question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "rewrite": "Was Giannina Braschi influenced by anyone for \"United States of Banana\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "United States of Banana United States of Banana is a 2011 novel by the Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi. Her first work written fully in English, it is a mixed-genre work which blends experimental theater, prose poetry, short story, and essay with a manifesto on democracy and American power in a post\u20139/11 world. The book also explores the author's displacement after the attacks from her home in the Battery Park neighborhood in New York City. Part One, titled as \"Ground Zero\", offers a poetic critique of 21st-century capitalism and corporate censorship with its depictions of New York City before and during the September 11 attacks. Part One unfolds through a collection of metafiction, short stories, and essays on American culture since the attacks on the World Trade Center. In Part Two, called \"United States of Banana\", the structure radically changes into an experimental theater work consisting of dramatic and philosophical dialogues. Historical literary characters Hamlet and Zarathustra (Zoroaster) join the author's alter-ego, Giannina, on a quest to liberate the Puerto Rican prisoner Segismundo from the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty, where he has been held by his father, the king of the United States of Banana, for more than 100 years, for the crime of having been born. When the King remarries, he frees his son, and for the sake of reconciliation, makes Puerto Rico the fifty-first state and grants American passports to all Latin American citizens. The experimental play dramatizes the plight of Latino prisoners in the United States, Puerto Rico's position as an American territory, and Braschi's struggle for liberty. By having the people of Puerto Rico vote on Segismundo's liberty, the work satirizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: statehood, nation, or colony.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences."], "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#3", "question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "rewrite": "Is there other interesting notes about Giannina Braschi's \"United States of Banana\" besides the fact that New York is the site and subject of much of her work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.", "United States of Banana United States of Banana is a 2011 novel by the Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi. Her first work written fully in English, it is a mixed-genre work which blends experimental theater, prose poetry, short story, and essay with a manifesto on democracy and American power in a post\u20139/11 world. The book also explores the author's displacement after the attacks from her home in the Battery Park neighborhood in New York City. Part One, titled as \"Ground Zero\", offers a poetic critique of 21st-century capitalism and corporate censorship with its depictions of New York City before and during the September 11 attacks. Part One unfolds through a collection of metafiction, short stories, and essays on American culture since the attacks on the World Trade Center. In Part Two, called \"United States of Banana\", the structure radically changes into an experimental theater work consisting of dramatic and philosophical dialogues. Historical literary characters Hamlet and Zarathustra (Zoroaster) join the author's alter-ego, Giannina, on a quest to liberate the Puerto Rican prisoner Segismundo from the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty, where he has been held by his father, the king of the United States of Banana, for more than 100 years, for the crime of having been born. When the King remarries, he frees his son, and for the sake of reconciliation, makes Puerto Rico the fifty-first state and grants American passports to all Latin American citizens. The experimental play dramatizes the plight of Latino prisoners in the United States, Puerto Rico's position as an American territory, and Braschi's struggle for liberty. By having the people of Puerto Rico vote on Segismundo's liberty, the work satirizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: statehood, nation, or colony.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship."], "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#4", "question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "rewrite": "What was the format of \"United States of Banana\" by Giannina Braschi, was it also experimental?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.", "United States of Banana United States of Banana is a 2011 novel by the Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi. Her first work written fully in English, it is a mixed-genre work which blends experimental theater, prose poetry, short story, and essay with a manifesto on democracy and American power in a post\u20139/11 world. The book also explores the author's displacement after the attacks from her home in the Battery Park neighborhood in New York City. Part One, titled as \"Ground Zero\", offers a poetic critique of 21st-century capitalism and corporate censorship with its depictions of New York City before and during the September 11 attacks. Part One unfolds through a collection of metafiction, short stories, and essays on American culture since the attacks on the World Trade Center. In Part Two, called \"United States of Banana\", the structure radically changes into an experimental theater work consisting of dramatic and philosophical dialogues. Historical literary characters Hamlet and Zarathustra (Zoroaster) join the author's alter-ego, Giannina, on a quest to liberate the Puerto Rican prisoner Segismundo from the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty, where he has been held by his father, the king of the United States of Banana, for more than 100 years, for the crime of having been born. When the King remarries, he frees his son, and for the sake of reconciliation, makes Puerto Rico the fifty-first state and grants American passports to all Latin American citizens. The experimental play dramatizes the plight of Latino prisoners in the United States, Puerto Rico's position as an American territory, and Braschi's struggle for liberty. By having the people of Puerto Rico vote on Segismundo's liberty, the work satirizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: statehood, nation, or colony.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship."], "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#5", "question": "What was the subject of the poetry?", "rewrite": "What was the subject of Giannina Braschi's poetry?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer Gustavo Adolfo Claudio Dom\u00ednguez Bastida, better known as Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer (February 17, 1836, Seville \u2013 December 22, 1870, Madrid), was a Spanish Romanticist poet and writer (mostly short stories), also a playwright, literary columnist, and talented in drawing. Today he is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature, and is considered by some as the most read writer after Cervantes. He adopted the alias of B\u00e9cquer as his brother Valeriano B\u00e9cquer, a painter, had done earlier. He was associated with the romanticism and post-romanticism movements and wrote while realism was enjoying success in Spain. He was moderately well known during his life, but it was after his death that most of his works were published. His best known works are the \"Rhymes\" and the \"Legends,\" usually published together as \"Rimas y leyendas\". These poems and tales are essential to the study of Spanish literature and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries. His work approached the traditional poetry and themes in a modern way, and he is considered the founder of modern Spanish lyricism. B\u00e9cquer's influence on 20th-century poets of the Spanish language can be felt in the works of Luis Cernuda, Octavio Paz, and Giannina Braschi. B\u00e9cquer influenced numerous later Spanish-language writers, including Luis Cernuda, Giannina Braschi, Octavio Paz, Antonio Machado, Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez. B\u00e9cquer himself was influenced by \u2014 both directly and indirectly \u2014 Cervantes, Shakespeare, Goethe, Heinrich Heine", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences."], "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#6", "question": "Did she have any other pivotal works?", "rewrite": "Did Giannina Braschi have any other pivotal works besides \"United States of Banana\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "United States of Banana United States of Banana is a 2011 novel by the Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi. Her first work written fully in English, it is a mixed-genre work which blends experimental theater, prose poetry, short story, and essay with a manifesto on democracy and American power in a post\u20139/11 world. The book also explores the author's displacement after the attacks from her home in the Battery Park neighborhood in New York City. Part One, titled as \"Ground Zero\", offers a poetic critique of 21st-century capitalism and corporate censorship with its depictions of New York City before and during the September 11 attacks. Part One unfolds through a collection of metafiction, short stories, and essays on American culture since the attacks on the World Trade Center. In Part Two, called \"United States of Banana\", the structure radically changes into an experimental theater work consisting of dramatic and philosophical dialogues. Historical literary characters Hamlet and Zarathustra (Zoroaster) join the author's alter-ego, Giannina, on a quest to liberate the Puerto Rican prisoner Segismundo from the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty, where he has been held by his father, the king of the United States of Banana, for more than 100 years, for the crime of having been born. When the King remarries, he frees his son, and for the sake of reconciliation, makes Puerto Rico the fifty-first state and grants American passports to all Latin American citizens. The experimental play dramatizes the plight of Latino prisoners in the United States, Puerto Rico's position as an American territory, and Braschi's struggle for liberty. By having the people of Puerto Rico vote on Segismundo's liberty, the work satirizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: statehood, nation, or colony.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences."], "answer": {"text": "La Comedia profana in 1985", "answer_start": 386}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the subject of the poetry?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#7", "question": "How did the critics react to La Comedia?", "rewrite": "How did the critics react to La Comedia by Giannina Braschi?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "La Comedia Dinner Theatre La Comedia Dinner Theatre is located in Springboro, Ohio. La Comedia is one of the nation's largest professional dinner theaters with Broadway-style productions. 2009 marks the 34th season. The theatre produces between 6 and 9 productions each year and also hosts music groups for short gigs. Guests are first served dinner buffet style and the show follows about an hour and a half later. Shows run for about 6 to 8 weeks. La Comedia opened January 28, 1975 with the production of 'A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum' under the direction of Dub Narramore. One of the first advertisements for the dinner theatre announced an \"Exciting dinner and a Live Professional Broadway Stage Play\", \"both for only $6.65\". At age 27, Joe Mitchell was the original producer and owner of La Comedia Dinner Theatre until he sold the establishment in 1987.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the subject of the poetry?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other pivotal works?", "answer": {"text": "La Comedia profana in 1985", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#8", "question": "What awards did she win for her writing?", "rewrite": "What awards did Giannina Braschi win for her writing?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.", "no se lo trag\u00f3 la tierra\") and Rudolfo Anaya (\"Bless Me, Ultima\"), and the emergence of Chicano theater with Luis Valdez and \"Teatro Campesino\". Latina writing became important thanks to authors such as Sandra Cisneros, an icon of an emerging Chicano literature whose 1983 bildungsroman \"The House on Mango Street\" is taught in schools across the United States, Denise Chavez's \"The Last of the Menu Girls\" and Gloria Anzald\u00faa's \"\". Dominican-American author Junot D\u00edaz, received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for his 2007 novel \"The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao\", which tells the story of an overweight Dominican boy growing up as a social outcast in Paterson, New Jersey. Another Dominican author, Julia Alvarez, is well known for \"How the Garc\u00eda Girls Lost Their Accents\" and \"In the Time of the Butterflies\". Cuban American author Oscar Hijuelos won a Pulitzer for \"The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love\", and Cristina Garc\u00eda received acclaim for \"Dreaming in Cuban.\" Celebrated Puerto Rican novelists who write in English and Spanish include Giannina Braschi, author of the Spanglish classic Yo-Yo Boing! and Rosario Ferr\u00e9, best known for \"Eccentric Neighborhoods\" Puerto Rico has also produced important playwrights such as Ren\u00e9 Marqu\u00e9s, Luis Rafael S\u00e1nchez, and Jos\u00e9 Rivera and New York based poets such as Julia de Burgos, Giannina Braschi and Pedro Pietri, as well as various members of the Nuyorican Poets Caf\u00e9. Spurred by the success of N. Scott Momaday's Pulitzer Prize\u2013winning \"House Made of Dawn\"", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship."], "answer": {"text": "Those three award winning books", "answer_start": 988}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the subject of the poetry?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other pivotal works?", "answer": {"text": "La Comedia profana in 1985", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the critics react to La Comedia?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#9", "question": "Did she have any more works than those 3?", "rewrite": "Did Giannina Braschi have any more works than \"United States of Banana\", La Comedia and Asalto al tiempo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "La Comedia Dinner Theatre La Comedia Dinner Theatre is located in Springboro, Ohio. La Comedia is one of the nation's largest professional dinner theaters with Broadway-style productions. 2009 marks the 34th season. The theatre produces between 6 and 9 productions each year and also hosts music groups for short gigs. Guests are first served dinner buffet style and the show follows about an hour and a half later. Shows run for about 6 to 8 weeks. La Comedia opened January 28, 1975 with the production of 'A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum' under the direction of Dub Narramore. One of the first advertisements for the dinner theatre announced an \"Exciting dinner and a Live Professional Broadway Stage Play\", \"both for only $6.65\". At age 27, Joe Mitchell was the original producer and owner of La Comedia Dinner Theatre until he sold the establishment in 1987.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship."], "answer": {"text": "In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1438}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the subject of the poetry?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other pivotal works?", "answer": {"text": "La Comedia profana in 1985", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the critics react to La Comedia?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards did she win for her writing?", "answer": {"text": "Those three award winning books", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#10", "question": "How well did the critics receive it?", "rewrite": "How well did the critics receive Giannina Braschi's \"United States of Banana\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "United States of Banana United States of Banana is a 2011 novel by the Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi. Her first work written fully in English, it is a mixed-genre work which blends experimental theater, prose poetry, short story, and essay with a manifesto on democracy and American power in a post\u20139/11 world. The book also explores the author's displacement after the attacks from her home in the Battery Park neighborhood in New York City. Part One, titled as \"Ground Zero\", offers a poetic critique of 21st-century capitalism and corporate censorship with its depictions of New York City before and during the September 11 attacks. Part One unfolds through a collection of metafiction, short stories, and essays on American culture since the attacks on the World Trade Center. In Part Two, called \"United States of Banana\", the structure radically changes into an experimental theater work consisting of dramatic and philosophical dialogues. Historical literary characters Hamlet and Zarathustra (Zoroaster) join the author's alter-ego, Giannina, on a quest to liberate the Puerto Rican prisoner Segismundo from the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty, where he has been held by his father, the king of the United States of Banana, for more than 100 years, for the crime of having been born. When the King remarries, he frees his son, and for the sake of reconciliation, makes Puerto Rico the fifty-first state and grants American passports to all Latin American citizens. The experimental play dramatizes the plight of Latino prisoners in the United States, Puerto Rico's position as an American territory, and Braschi's struggle for liberty. By having the people of Puerto Rico vote on Segismundo's liberty, the work satirizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: statehood, nation, or colony."], "answer": {"text": "The Economist cited \"United States of Banana\" among the best sources for bold statements on the economy: \"Banks are the temples of America.", "answer_start": 10}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the subject of the poetry?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other pivotal works?", "answer": {"text": "La Comedia profana in 1985", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the critics react to La Comedia?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards did she win for her writing?", "answer": {"text": "Those three award winning books", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any more works than those 3?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1438, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98972e9161304fec8f56f5acf1f35360_0_q#11", "question": "Was the book a success?", "rewrite": "Was \"United States of Banana\" by Giannina Braschi a success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the 1970s, Giannina Braschi was a student of literature in Madrid, Rome, Paris and London, before she settled in New York City. She obtained a PhD in Hispanic Literatures (State University of New York, Stony Brook, 1980) and has taught at Rutgers University, City University of New York, and Colgate University, where she served as a Distinguished Chair of Creative Writing (1997). She was a foreign correspondent for Grazie magazine (2001-2002). As an adolescent in San Juan, Giannina Braschi ranked first place in the U.S. Tennis Association's national tournament in Puerto Rico, becoming the youngest female tennis player to win the Women's Division (1966) on the island. Her father Euripides (\"Pilo\") Braschi was also a tennis champion. She was also a founding member of the San Juan Children's Choir (\"Coro de ninos de San Juan\") under music director Evy Lucio and a fashion model during her teen years. In the 1980s, Braschi's early writings were scholarly in nature and focused on the titans of the Spanish Golden Age, as well as the vanguard poets of Latin America and Spain. She published a book on the Romantic poet Gustavo Adolfo Becquer and essays on Cervantes, Garcilaso, Cesar Vallejo, Juan Ramon Jimenez and Federico Garcia Lorca. She later became obsessed with the dramatic and philosophical works of French, German, Polish, Irish, and Russian authors. Though categorized as novels, her later mixed-genre works are experimental in style and format and celebratory of foreign influences.", "to whomever follows me\". Giannina Braschi credits T.S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land\" as the single most influential English-language poem to inform the rhythmic shifts and the inspiration from which she creates a chorus of anonymous voices to capture the collective conscience of the masses. Feminist scholar and poet Alicia Ostriker notes in the introduction to \"Empire of Dreams\" that the poet's voice sounds decidedly \"macho\" and yet it can be theoretically \"paired with Luisa Valenzuela, Clarice Lispector, Luce Irigaray, Helene Cixous, and Marguerite Duras, and obviously she owes a great deal to Gertrude Stein\". Braschi has published scholarly articles on Spanish-language poetry by Cervantes, Garcilaso, Antonio Machado, Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca, and C\u00e9sar Vallejo; and a book on Gustavo Adolfo B\u00e9cquer. She quotes from their work throughout her book. In an interview with NBC Latino, Braschi identified her favorite poet as C\u00e9sar Vallejo: \"Vallejo is a jack-in-the-box who performs the movement of my spirit. No matter how much you push him down into the box, the poet always bounces back to affirm his love for life\". Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. She is also the author of the Spanglish novel \"Yo-Yo Boing!\", and the postcolonial novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Her collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States.", "In the 1980s, Giannina Braschi burst onto the downtown Nuyorican poetry scene with spoken word performances of rhythmic intensity, humorous gusto, and anti-imperialistic politics. Her prose poems were written, recited, and published entirely in Spanish during this period. Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona in 1980 and was followed by La Comedia profana in 1985 and El imperio de los suenos in 1988. New York is the site and subject of much of her work. In a climatic episode of \"Pastoral or the Inquisition of Memories\", shepherds invade 5th Avenue on the Puerto Rican Day Parade and take over the City of New York; the shepherds ring the bells of St. Patrick's Cathedral and seize the observation deck of the Empire State Building. Poet and feminist scholar Alicia Ostriker has praised Braschi's Empire of Dreams, which features gender role-playing and transvestism, for having \"sheer erotic energy that defies definition and dogma.\" \"Those three award winning books were published together as the inaugural volume of the Yale Library of Literature in Translation.\" (Braschi 1998: Yo-Yo Boing! : 13)  In the 1990s, Giannina Braschi began writing dramatic dialogues in English, Spanish, and Spanglish. Her bilingual novel Yo-Yo Boing! (AmazonCrossing) is experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship. In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English; it is a postmodern dramatic novel about the powers of the world shifting after September 11. The work is a poetic critique of 21st century capitalism and corporate censorship.", "Yo-Yo Boing! Yo-Yo Boing! is a 1998 novel in English, Spanish, and Spanglish by Puerto Rican poet and novelist Giannina Braschi. The book mixes elements of poetry, fiction, essay, musical, manifesto, treatise, bastinado, memoir, and drama. The book dramatizes the tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in New York City. Giannina Braschi, a National Endowment for the Arts fellow, is considered an influential and revolutionary voice in contemporary Latin American literature. Braschi's Empire of Dreams is a postmodern poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the postcolonial dramatic novel \"United States of Banana\" (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of \"United States of Banana\" and her other works in 2011, \"CARAS Magazine\" ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year. \"Yo-Yo Boing!\" has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of code-switching between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of Latinos and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use Spanglish. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual prejudice, discrimination, colonialism, Puerto Rican independence, revolution, domestic violence, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "United States of Banana United States of Banana is a 2011 novel by the Puerto Rican poet Giannina Braschi. Her first work written fully in English, it is a mixed-genre work which blends experimental theater, prose poetry, short story, and essay with a manifesto on democracy and American power in a post\u20139/11 world. The book also explores the author's displacement after the attacks from her home in the Battery Park neighborhood in New York City. Part One, titled as \"Ground Zero\", offers a poetic critique of 21st-century capitalism and corporate censorship with its depictions of New York City before and during the September 11 attacks. Part One unfolds through a collection of metafiction, short stories, and essays on American culture since the attacks on the World Trade Center. In Part Two, called \"United States of Banana\", the structure radically changes into an experimental theater work consisting of dramatic and philosophical dialogues. Historical literary characters Hamlet and Zarathustra (Zoroaster) join the author's alter-ego, Giannina, on a quest to liberate the Puerto Rican prisoner Segismundo from the dungeon of the Statue of Liberty, where he has been held by his father, the king of the United States of Banana, for more than 100 years, for the crime of having been born. When the King remarries, he frees his son, and for the sake of reconciliation, makes Puerto Rico the fifty-first state and grants American passports to all Latin American citizens. The experimental play dramatizes the plight of Latino prisoners in the United States, Puerto Rico's position as an American territory, and Braschi's struggle for liberty. By having the people of Puerto Rico vote on Segismundo's liberty, the work satirizes the three political options of Puerto Rico: statehood, nation, or colony."], "answer": {"text": "\"The Economist cited \"United States of Banana\" among the best sources for bold statements on the economy: \"", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was a pivotal work for Giannina Braschi?", "answer": {"text": "2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well was this work received?", "answer": {"text": "experimental in format and radical in its defiance of English-only laws, ethnic cleansing campaigns, and the corporate censorship.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she influenced by anyone for this work?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there other interesting notes about this work?", "answer": {"text": "Her first collection of Spanish prose poetry, Asalto al tiempo, debuted in Barcelona", "answer_start": 273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the format of this work, was it also experimental?", "answer": {"text": "award winning books", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the subject of the poetry?", "answer": {"text": "New York is the site and subject of much of her work.", "answer_start": 451, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other pivotal works?", "answer": {"text": "La Comedia profana in 1985", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the critics react to La Comedia?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards did she win for her writing?", "answer": {"text": "Those three award winning books", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any more works than those 3?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, Giannina Braschi debuted \"United States of Banana,\" her first work written entirely in English;", "answer_start": 1438, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did the critics receive it?", "answer": {"text": "The Economist cited \"United States of Banana\" among the best sources for bold statements on the economy: \"Banks are the temples of America.", "answer_start": 10, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3795765f32d49249b0e6c4b40ba782f_0_q#0", "question": "Were the French people into Multiculturalism?", "rewrite": "Were the French people into Multiculturalism?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stereotypes of French people Stereotypes of French people include real or imagined characteristics of the French people used by people who see the French people as a single and homogeneous group. Stereotypes of the French by the British people, especially the English people, have existed for centuries. This is in part due to the many Anglo-French Wars (1193-1815). Americans view the French as effete and cowardly. Francophobia and xenophobic sentiments towards the French have being an established part of the Culture of the United States. France, particularly Paris, has been perceived for being a high fashion place where designer clothes and cosmetics are made. Poor hygiene is a stereotype attributed to the French, originating from American soldiers during World War II. The perception that the French workers are prone to strikes and take a lot of time of has established a stereotype of French being workshy. French men are perceived as being very romantic. French waiters have been perceived as rude and disrespectful, especially to foreigners who speak little to no French. The French military had been perceived as poor in armed combat and could be easily defeated in armed struggles, thus likely to surrender. However, this is not true as France was one of the world's leading power from the 18th century, and the stereotype was only attributed to France's role during World War II, in which French forces surrendered to German forces in just 46 days.", "Arabs in France Arabs in France are those parts of the Arab diaspora who have immigrated to France, as well as their descendants. Subgroups include Algerians in France, Moroccans in France, Lebanese people in France, Tunisians in France and Refugees of the Syrian Civil War. This French subgroup of Arabs in Europe are concentrated in the North African communities of Paris. French people of Arab origin (predominantly from Maghreb but also some from Mashreq areas of the Arab world) in France forms the second largest ethnic group after French people of French origin. There are no official figures concerning the demographics of French people of Arab descent because ethnic statistics are forbidden in France. Most immigration was in the 1960s and the early 1970s, a period of economic growth, but many of them managed to bring their families after 1973. They have settled mainly in the industrial regions in France, especially the Paris region, but also in Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur, Languedoc-Roussillon, Alsace, Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes and Corsica. Many notable French people have Maghrebi ancestry since Arabs in France are predominantly Maghrebis. Fashion Cinema Music Many notable French people are of Mashreki ancestry mainly of Lebanese descent. Cinema Music Fashion", "Multiculturalism Without Culture Multiculturalism without Culture is a book written by Anne Phillips. The topic of multiculturalism is explored by Phillips with reference to such subjects as Feminism, Anthropology, Political Theory, Law, and Philosophy. Her inspiration to write the book stemmed from the contrasting concerns of multiculturalism challenging the rights of women and feminism encroaching upon the well-being of cultures. While Phillips presents many different perspectives on multiculturalism, her general argument in the book can be summed up as: \u201c It is time for elaborating a version of multiculturalism that dispenses with reified notions of culture, engages more ruthlessly with cultural stereotypes, and refuses to subordinate the rights and interests of women to the supposed traditions of their culture.\u201d In the book, Phillips elaborates on the idea of a multiculturalism without culture. In this model, the conception of culture as unchanging and domineering (A view that Phillips argues is held by many governments and people alike) is disposed in favor of the idea that culture is fluid and that the individual in the culture, not the culture group itself, has rights and is the most important element. A central part of her theory rests on the idea that people in minority cultures have autonomy. Her discussion weighs many different perspectives on multiculturalism provided by an array of modern writers on the subject. She consistently keeps feminist theory as a primary foundation from which she structures her arguments. The book ends with her vouching for the increasing of consultative services for minority groups and increase of dialogue between them and governments. Critical reception has been mostly positive. The \"Polish Sociological Review\" gave \"Multiculturalism without Culture\" a favorable review, remarking that it was a \"stimulating, well-researched and well-written book\".", "Kincheloe and Steinberg in Changing Multiculturalism (1997) described confusion in the use of the terms \"multiculturalism\" and \"multicultural education\". In an effort to clarify the conversation about the topic, they developed a taxonomy of the diverse ways the term was used. The authors warn their readers that they overtly advocate a critical multicultural position and that readers should take this into account as they consider their taxonomy.[2] Within their taxonomy, Kincheloe and Steinberg break down multiculturalism into five categories: conservative multiculturalism, liberal multiculturalism, pluralist multiculturalism, left-essentialist multiculturalism, and critical multiculturalism. These categories are named based on beliefs held by the two largest schools of political thought (liberalism and conservatism) within American society, and they reflect the tenets of each strand of political thought. In terms of Levinson's (2010) ideas, conservative multiculturalism, liberal multiculturalism, and pluralist multiculturalism view multicultural education as an additive to existing curriculum, while left-essentialist multiculturalism and critical multiculturalism see to restructure education, and thus, society. Aiden Kinkade's Democratic Equality ideology, which is defined in Labaree's article, Public Goods, Private Goods: The American Struggle Over Educational Goals is a perfect example of different aspects of Multicultural Education. A teacher using Labaree's Democratic Equality, would have students who are able to feel like they belong in the classroom, which teaches students equal treatment, and gives support to multiculturalism, non-academic curriculum options, and cooperative learning (Labaree (1997), 45).", "Multiculturalism in Canada A policy of multiculturalism was officially adopted by the Government of Canada under Pierre Trudeau during the 1970s and 1980s. The Canadian federal government has been described as the instigator of multiculturalism as an ideology because of its public emphasis on the social importance of immigration. The 1960s Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism is often referred to as the origin of modern political awareness of multiculturalism. Canadians have used the term \"multiculturalism\" in different ways: descriptively (as a sociological fact), prescriptively (as ideology) or politically (as policy). In the first sense \"multiculturalism\" is a description of the many different religious traditions and cultural influences that in their unity and coexistence result in a unique Canadian cultural mosaic. The nation consists of people from a multitude of racial, religious and cultural backgrounds and is open to cultural pluralism. Canada has experienced different waves of immigration since the nineteenth century, and by the 1980s almost 40 percent of the population were of neither British nor French origins (the two largest groups, and among the oldest). In the past, the relationship between the British and the French has been given a lot of importance in Canada's history. By the early twenty-first century, people from outside British and French heritage composed the majority of the population, with an increasing percentage of individuals who identify themselves as \"visible minorities\". Multiculturalism is reflected in the law through the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1988 and section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and is administered by the Department of Canadian Heritage. The Broadcasting Act of 1991 asserts the Canadian broadcasting system should reflect the diversity of cultures in the country. Despite the official policies, a small segment of the Canadian population are critical of the concept(s) of a cultural mosaic and implementation(s) of multiculturalism legislation."], "answer": {"text": "the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism,", "answer_start": 11}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f3795765f32d49249b0e6c4b40ba782f_0_q#1", "question": "Which one won?", "rewrite": "Which one of french culture won? Multiculturalism or universalism?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Christian universalism Christian universalism is a school of Christian theology focused around the doctrine of universal reconciliation \u2013 the view that all human beings will ultimately be \"saved\" and restored to a right relationship with God. The term \"Christian universalism\" was used in the 1820s by Russell Streeter of the \"Christian Intelligencer\" of Portland \u2013 a descendant of Adams Streeter who had founded one of the first Universalist Churches on September 14, 1785. Christian universalists believe this was the most common interpretation of Christianity in Early Christianity, prior to the 6th century. Christians from a diversity of denominations and traditions believe in the tenets of Christian universalism, such as the reality of an afterlife without the possibility of eternal punishment in hell. As a formal Christian denomination, Christian universalism originated in the late 18th century with the Universalist Church of America. There is currently no single denomination uniting Christian universalists, but a few denominations teach some of the principles of Christian universalism or are open to them. In 2007, the Christian Universalist Association was founded to serve as an ecumenical umbrella organization for churches, ministries, and individuals who believe in Christian universalism. Unitarian Universalism historically grew out of Christian universalism but is not an exclusively Christian denomination. It formed from a 1961 merger of two historically Christian denominations, the Universalist Church of America and the American Unitarian Association, both based in the United States. In his \"Plain Guide to Universalism\", the universalist Thomas Wittemore wrote, \"The sentiment by which Universalists are distinguished, is this: that at last every individual of the human race shall become holy and happy. This does not comprise the whole of their faith, but, merely that feature of it which is peculiar to them and by which they are distinguished from the rest of the world.\" The remaining central beliefs of Christian universalism are compatible with Christianity in general:", "That is, the legislation must be able to be broken down into multiple benefits dispersed among recipients and \u201cwhat is being distributed can be dispensed in small units\u201d. Lowi says distributive policies \"are virtually not policies at all but are highly individualized decisions that only by accumulation can be called a policy.\" The concept of universalism also defines distributive politics. Universalism refers both to the broad allocation of benefits to recipients and the wide support these legislative measures receive in Congress. In terms of the people\u2019s reception of benefits, universal distributive policies benefit wide ranges of people and the \u201cunanimous inclusion of representatives\u2019 projects in omnibus-type legislation produced by one committee.\u201d Universalism also points to the legislative support needed to pass these distributive measures and the \u201ccoalitions of near-unanimous size rather than coalitions of narrower or minimal winning size\u201d that pass distributive legislation. Universalism has two variants, one broad-based universalism which is more inclusive and the narrow based universalism or universalism among \"own\" party members or districts ruled by them. The latter kind of universalism is called particularism (see Cox and McCubbins\u2019 universalism\u2010within\u2010party hypothesis). Weingast notes that universalism should not be taken as the sole definition of distributive politics and that \u201cuniversalism is one principle among many that govern congressional behavior over distributive politics.\u201d Chanchal Kumar Sharma notes that both particularistic and universalistic tendencies are a part of the game of distributive politics. The ultimate objective, however, to maximize political/electoral gains at the expense of economic efficiency or equity. Distributive legislation is considered omnibus and combines the small, divisible pieces that cater to many districts.", "Multiculturalism Without Culture Multiculturalism without Culture is a book written by Anne Phillips. The topic of multiculturalism is explored by Phillips with reference to such subjects as Feminism, Anthropology, Political Theory, Law, and Philosophy. Her inspiration to write the book stemmed from the contrasting concerns of multiculturalism challenging the rights of women and feminism encroaching upon the well-being of cultures. While Phillips presents many different perspectives on multiculturalism, her general argument in the book can be summed up as: \u201c It is time for elaborating a version of multiculturalism that dispenses with reified notions of culture, engages more ruthlessly with cultural stereotypes, and refuses to subordinate the rights and interests of women to the supposed traditions of their culture.\u201d In the book, Phillips elaborates on the idea of a multiculturalism without culture. In this model, the conception of culture as unchanging and domineering (A view that Phillips argues is held by many governments and people alike) is disposed in favor of the idea that culture is fluid and that the individual in the culture, not the culture group itself, has rights and is the most important element. A central part of her theory rests on the idea that people in minority cultures have autonomy. Her discussion weighs many different perspectives on multiculturalism provided by an array of modern writers on the subject. She consistently keeps feminist theory as a primary foundation from which she structures her arguments. The book ends with her vouching for the increasing of consultative services for minority groups and increase of dialogue between them and governments. Critical reception has been mostly positive. The \"Polish Sociological Review\" gave \"Multiculturalism without Culture\" a favorable review, remarking that it was a \"stimulating, well-researched and well-written book\".", "Universalism  Universalism is the philosophical and theological concept that some ideas have universal application or applicability. A community that calls itself \"universalist\" may emphasize the universal principles of most religions, and accept others in an inclusive manner. It is centered on the belief in a universal reconciliation between humanity and the divine. A belief in one fundamental truth is another important tenet in Universalism. The living truth is seen as more far-reaching than the national, cultural, or religious boundaries or interpretations of that one truth. As the Rig Veda states, \"Truth is one; sages call it by various names.\" Universalism has had an influence on modern day Hinduism, in turn influencing western modern spirituality. Christian universalism is focused on the idea of universal reconciliation. Also known as universal salvation, it is a doctrine stating that every human soul will ultimately be reconciled to God because of divine love and mercy. Unitarian Universalism emphasizes that religion is a universal human quality, and also focuses on the universal principles of most religions. It accepts all religions in an inclusive manner. In philosophy, universality is the notion that universal facts can be discovered and is therefore understood as being in opposition to relativism. In certain religions, universalism is the quality ascribed to an entity whose existence is consistent throughout the universe. A view held by Early Church Fathers and still held today by the Eastern Orthodox Church. This view was advocated by St Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria and other Eastern Church Fathers. A type of 'Universalism' is held by those in Judaism. More information about the Patristic Era, and Theological view point can be find in various books, encyclopedias, and Church History Moral universalism (also called \"moral objectivism\" or \"universal morality\") is the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics applies universally.", "Some Christians from a Pentecostal background who were involved in the Latter Rain Movement of the 1940s and 1950s came to believe in the ideas of Christian Universalism on their own, separately from the Universalist Church tradition. They emphasized the teachings of universal reconciliation and theosis. These ideas were spread primarily through newsletters and traveling evangelists from the 1950s to 1980s, and were not typically identified by the term \"Universalism.\" The only significant organization representing these beliefs that emerged within the Charismatic tradition was the Home Missions Church, a loosely organized network of ministers and house churches founded in 1944. There are three general types of Christian Universalism today \u2013 Evangelical Universalism, Charismatic Universalism, and Liberal Christian Universalism \u2013 which by themselves or in combination with one another describe the vast majority of currently existing and identifiable versions of Christian Universalist belief and practice. The type of Christian Universalism that departs the least from orthodox or traditional Protestant Christian doctrine is Evangelical (Christian) Universalism, also called Biblical or Trinitarian Universalism. Evangelical Universalists hold to conservative positions on most theological or doctrinal issues except for the doctrine of hell, in which case they assert universal reconciliation instead of eternal torment. They tend to emphasize the substitutionary atonement of Jesus Christ for the sins of all humanity as the basis for their Universalism. In 2006 a mainstream evangelical writer, revealed as Robin Parry in 2009, under the pseudonym of \"Gregory MacDonald\" (taken from the names, Gregory of Nyssa and George MacDonald) released a book \"The Evangelical Universalist\". In 2008 this inspired the creation of a forum, featuring \"Gregory MacDonald\" and Thomas Talbott, to discuss Evangelical Universalism and related topics. Evangelical Universalists derive a large part of their beliefs from Evangelicalism and Reformed theology."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were the French people into Multiculturalism?", "answer": {"text": "the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3795765f32d49249b0e6c4b40ba782f_0_q#2", "question": "What cultures are we talking about?", "rewrite": "What cultures are we talking about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scythian cultures  Scythian cultures, also referred to as Scythic cultures, Scytho-Siberian cultures, Early Nomadic cultures, Scythian civilization, Scythian horizon, Scythian world or Scythian continuum, were a group of similar archaeological cultures which flourished across the entire Eurasian Steppe during the Iron Age from approximately the 9th century BC to the 2nd century AD. Among Greco-Roman writers, this region was known as Scythia. The Scythian cultures are characterized by the Scythian triad, which are similar, yet not identical, styles of weapons, horses' bridles and Scythian art. The question of how related these cultures were is disputed among scholars. Its peoples were of diverse origins, and included not just Scythians, from which the cultures are named, but other peoples as well, such as the Cimmerians, Massagetae, Saka, Sarmatians and obscure forest steppe populations. Mostly speakers of the Scythian branch of the Iranian languages, all of these peoples are sometimes collectively referred to as \"Scythians\", Scytho-Siberians, Early Nomads or Iron Age Nomads. The Scythian cultures emerged on the Eurasian Steppe at the dawn of the Iron Age in the early 1st millennium BC. The origins of the Scythian cultures has long been a source of debate among archaeologists. The Pontic\u2013Caspian steppe was initially thought to have been their place of origin, until the Soviet archaeologist suggested a Central Asian origin. Recent excavations at Arzhan in Tuva, Russia have uncovered the earliest Scythian-style kurgan yet found. Similarly the earliest examples of the animal style art which would later characterize the Scythian cultures have been found near the upper Yenisei River and North China, dating to the 10th century BC.", "In studies comparing fifteen year old students from 31 countries, the differences between Eastern and Western cultures were apparent. It is important to note that the study is in the perspective of dividing these countries into two groups. The study argues that Asian (eastern) cultures are collectivist, while Western cultures are more individualistic. In Western cultures, peer influence is more predominant while in Eastern cultures, they are more heavily influenced by their families. In a classroom setting, children from Eastern cultures are more competitive, giving them less of a drive to belong among their peers. These children have a great sense of motivation to excel and to do better than those around them which makes their needs for belongingness in a school setting less favorable. While in Western cultures, being so highly impacted by their peers, it gives them less of a drive to be competitive towards them. Studies have shown that Eastern and Western cultures continue to have one of the largest achievement gaps between them, with Eastern cultures outscoring the Western. It can be hypothesized that the competitive, individualistic drive found in the classroom in Eastern cultures leads to more success. Furthermore, belongingness in Western cultures may have the potential to inhibit classroom success. However, it is very important to note that not all cultures respond to belongingness in the same way due to the many variations between cultures. Furthermore, stigmas can create a global uncertainty about the quality of an individual's social bonds in academically and professional areas. Walton and Cohen conducted two experiments that tested how belonging uncertainty undermines the achievement and motivation of people whose racial group is negatively characterized in academic settings. The first experiment had students believe that they might have a few friends in a field of study. White students were unaffected by this however, black students who were stigmatized academically displayed a drop in potential and sense of belonging.", "Talking Tom and Friends  Talking Tom and Friends (known as Talking Friends until late 2014) is a media franchise created and owned by Outfit7 Limited. The franchise focuses on various mobile apps involving anthropomorphic animal characters repeating things said by the user. The first app, \"Talking Tom Cat\", launched in July 2010. As of February 2019, the apps have achieved more than 9 billion downloads. Talking Friends was the first \"Talking Tom\" animated web series. It was produced by Disney Interactive Studios, and ran on YouTube from 8 June 2012 to 31 August 2012 for 10 episodes. Outfit7 Limited launched an animated series called \"Talking Tom and Friends\" in 2015, based on the antics of Talking Tom and his Friends. The show is produced by the Austrian animation-studio 'arx anima', but later it was produced by 'People Moving Pixels' as of Season 4. \"Talking Tom Shorts\" is an ongoing web series. Unlike the TV series, the characters do not have dialogue. It was released to YouTube starting 13 March 2014. \"Talking Tom and Friends Minis\" is a South Korean-American animated web series featuring Talking Tom and his friends. The characters are presented in 2D cartoons, and without any particular language dialogue. It is developed and produced by Outfit7 and Plenus. \"Talking Tom Heroes\" is an ongoing South Korean-American web series featuring Talking Tom and his friends. The characters are presented in 2D cartoons, and without any particular language dialogue just like Minis. It is developed and produced by Outfit7 and Plenus. It premiered on 26 April 2019. The Talking Tom and Friends brand has expanded beyond second screen entertainment in the years since its launch in 2010. There is now branded merchandise, YouTube music videos, an animated web series and a 3D animated series.", "Helaine Selin Helaine Selin (born 1946) is an American librarian, author and the editor of several bestselling books. Selin attended Binghamton University, where she earned her bachelor's degree. She received her MLS from SUNY Albany. She was a Peace Corps volunteer from the fall of 1967 through the summer of 1969 as an English teacher in Malawi. She retired in 2012 from being the science librarian at Hampshire College. Selin is well known for being the editor of \"Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures\" (1997) which is one of the first books which allows readers to \"compare a variety of traditional systems of mathematics and cosmologies.\" \"Mathematics Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Mathematics\" (2000), is considered by \"Mathematical Intelligencer\" as a companion to the \"Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures\". The journal, \"Mathematics and Computer Education\", wrote that \"Mathematics Across Cultures\" filled a gap in the history of mathematics and was \"an exciting collection of papers on ethnomathematics. \" Selin's editorial work, Nature Across Cultures: Views of Nature and the Environment in Non-Western Cultures (2003), was considered by \"Polylog\" to be a \"valuable source for intercultural philosophers. \" Selin edited the \"Encyclopaedia of Classical Indian Sciences\" (2007).She has also edited several more books in the Science Across Cultures series: Medicine Across Cultures, Nature and the Environment Across Cultures, Childbirth Across Cultures, Parenting Across Cultures, Happiness Across Cultures and Death Across Cultures. \"Death Across Cultures: Death and Dying in Non-Western Cultures\", Dordrecht, New York: Springer, 2019.", "Talking Tom and Talking Angela's music video for their single \"You Get Me\", created in cooperation with Walt Disney Records/Hollywood Records, has received over 330 million views on YouTube as of November 2017. Talking Angela has also recorded her first solo song called \u2018That's Falling in Love\u2019. Talking Tom and Friends launched a range of interactive toys called Superstar in 2012. The plush toys talk and interact with multiple Talking Tom and Friends apps, as well as with each other, using an advanced voice recognition system. \"My Talking Tom\" had over 11 million downloads and was the top games app in 135 countries worldwide within 10 days of its launch. The \"Talking Tom and Friends\" YouTube channel has over 8.9 million subscribers and 2.7 billion views as of February 2019. \"Talking Tom\" was featured in the 2016 film \"Nine Lives\". The My Talking Tom app won the award for \"Best iPad Game: Kids, Education & Family\" at the 2014 Tabby Awards, the global competition for the best tablet app. My Talking Tom was also voted the 2014 Tabby Award Users\u2019 Choice favorite in two categories, \"Best iPad Game: Kids, Education & Family\" and \"Best Android Game: Puzzle, Cards & Family\". The Talking Tom and Talking Ben Talk Back plush toys won the Best Girls Licensed Toy award at the Australian Toy Association Awards in 2012. The \"Talking Tom and Friends\" television series won \"Best Animated Series\" at the 2016 Cablefax Awards. This announcement greenlit season 2 of the series in 2017."], "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 120}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were the French people into Multiculturalism?", "answer": {"text": "the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which one won?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3795765f32d49249b0e6c4b40ba782f_0_q#3", "question": "What is universalism?", "rewrite": "What is universalism?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some Christians from a Pentecostal background who were involved in the Latter Rain Movement of the 1940s and 1950s came to believe in the ideas of Christian Universalism on their own, separately from the Universalist Church tradition. They emphasized the teachings of universal reconciliation and theosis. These ideas were spread primarily through newsletters and traveling evangelists from the 1950s to 1980s, and were not typically identified by the term \"Universalism.\" The only significant organization representing these beliefs that emerged within the Charismatic tradition was the Home Missions Church, a loosely organized network of ministers and house churches founded in 1944. There are three general types of Christian Universalism today \u2013 Evangelical Universalism, Charismatic Universalism, and Liberal Christian Universalism \u2013 which by themselves or in combination with one another describe the vast majority of currently existing and identifiable versions of Christian Universalist belief and practice. The type of Christian Universalism that departs the least from orthodox or traditional Protestant Christian doctrine is Evangelical (Christian) Universalism, also called Biblical or Trinitarian Universalism. Evangelical Universalists hold to conservative positions on most theological or doctrinal issues except for the doctrine of hell, in which case they assert universal reconciliation instead of eternal torment. They tend to emphasize the substitutionary atonement of Jesus Christ for the sins of all humanity as the basis for their Universalism. In 2006 a mainstream evangelical writer, revealed as Robin Parry in 2009, under the pseudonym of \"Gregory MacDonald\" (taken from the names, Gregory of Nyssa and George MacDonald) released a book \"The Evangelical Universalist\". In 2008 this inspired the creation of a forum, featuring \"Gregory MacDonald\" and Thomas Talbott, to discuss Evangelical Universalism and related topics. Evangelical Universalists derive a large part of their beliefs from Evangelicalism and Reformed theology.", "He is now a minister in the United Church of Christ, a liberal Christian denomination, but continues to believe in some ideas and practices of Pentecostal or Charismatic forms of Christianity. Pearson has also incorporated some New Age and New Thought teachings into his message. Brian McLaren is a Christian leader in the emerging church movement who is sympathetic to the idea of Universalism but does not embrace it. A number of ministers and evangelists connected with Restoration Nation conferences are Universalists who draw from both the Evangelical and Charismatic traditions. One notable example is Robert Rutherford, a minister from Georgia (USA) who was a finalist on The Learning Channel's 2006 reality TV series \"The Messengers. \" Another example is Dick King, an independent Charismatic Baptist pastor in North Little Rock, Arkansas, whose church left the Southern Baptist Convention in 2004. The Christian Universalist Association is putting forth a message which seeks common ground among all major contemporary types of Christian Universalism. The conversion of Bishop Carlton Pearson to a form of Universalism and his subsequent excommunication by the Joint College of African-American Pentecostal Bishops in 2004 caused Christian Universalism to gain increased media attention because of Pearson's popularity and celebrity status. In 2007, Eric Stetson and Kalen Fristad gathered a group of thirteen ministers and evangelists from several denominations to found the Christian Universalist Association, an interdenominational organization for churches, ministries, and individuals who believe in Christian Universalism. About the current state of Christian Universalism, they state: \"Many Christian philosophers, theologians, writers, and scholars are coming to believe in a Universalist interpretation of Christianity. A rapidly growing number of books are being published on the subject of Christian Universalism. Hundreds of Christian Universalist websites have exploded across the internet over the past few years, run by people with a wide variety of religious backgrounds and viewpoints.", "That is, the legislation must be able to be broken down into multiple benefits dispersed among recipients and \u201cwhat is being distributed can be dispensed in small units\u201d. Lowi says distributive policies \"are virtually not policies at all but are highly individualized decisions that only by accumulation can be called a policy.\" The concept of universalism also defines distributive politics. Universalism refers both to the broad allocation of benefits to recipients and the wide support these legislative measures receive in Congress. In terms of the people\u2019s reception of benefits, universal distributive policies benefit wide ranges of people and the \u201cunanimous inclusion of representatives\u2019 projects in omnibus-type legislation produced by one committee.\u201d Universalism also points to the legislative support needed to pass these distributive measures and the \u201ccoalitions of near-unanimous size rather than coalitions of narrower or minimal winning size\u201d that pass distributive legislation. Universalism has two variants, one broad-based universalism which is more inclusive and the narrow based universalism or universalism among \"own\" party members or districts ruled by them. The latter kind of universalism is called particularism (see Cox and McCubbins\u2019 universalism\u2010within\u2010party hypothesis). Weingast notes that universalism should not be taken as the sole definition of distributive politics and that \u201cuniversalism is one principle among many that govern congressional behavior over distributive politics.\u201d Chanchal Kumar Sharma notes that both particularistic and universalistic tendencies are a part of the game of distributive politics. The ultimate objective, however, to maximize political/electoral gains at the expense of economic efficiency or equity. Distributive legislation is considered omnibus and combines the small, divisible pieces that cater to many districts.", "Christian universalism Christian universalism is a school of Christian theology focused around the doctrine of universal reconciliation \u2013 the view that all human beings will ultimately be \"saved\" and restored to a right relationship with God. The term \"Christian universalism\" was used in the 1820s by Russell Streeter of the \"Christian Intelligencer\" of Portland \u2013 a descendant of Adams Streeter who had founded one of the first Universalist Churches on September 14, 1785. Christian universalists believe this was the most common interpretation of Christianity in Early Christianity, prior to the 6th century. Christians from a diversity of denominations and traditions believe in the tenets of Christian universalism, such as the reality of an afterlife without the possibility of eternal punishment in hell. As a formal Christian denomination, Christian universalism originated in the late 18th century with the Universalist Church of America. There is currently no single denomination uniting Christian universalists, but a few denominations teach some of the principles of Christian universalism or are open to them. In 2007, the Christian Universalist Association was founded to serve as an ecumenical umbrella organization for churches, ministries, and individuals who believe in Christian universalism. Unitarian Universalism historically grew out of Christian universalism but is not an exclusively Christian denomination. It formed from a 1961 merger of two historically Christian denominations, the Universalist Church of America and the American Unitarian Association, both based in the United States. In his \"Plain Guide to Universalism\", the universalist Thomas Wittemore wrote, \"The sentiment by which Universalists are distinguished, is this: that at last every individual of the human race shall become holy and happy. This does not comprise the whole of their faith, but, merely that feature of it which is peculiar to them and by which they are distinguished from the rest of the world.\" The remaining central beliefs of Christian universalism are compatible with Christianity in general:", "Universalism  Universalism is the philosophical and theological concept that some ideas have universal application or applicability. A community that calls itself \"universalist\" may emphasize the universal principles of most religions, and accept others in an inclusive manner. It is centered on the belief in a universal reconciliation between humanity and the divine. A belief in one fundamental truth is another important tenet in Universalism. The living truth is seen as more far-reaching than the national, cultural, or religious boundaries or interpretations of that one truth. As the Rig Veda states, \"Truth is one; sages call it by various names.\" Universalism has had an influence on modern day Hinduism, in turn influencing western modern spirituality. Christian universalism is focused on the idea of universal reconciliation. Also known as universal salvation, it is a doctrine stating that every human soul will ultimately be reconciled to God because of divine love and mercy. Unitarian Universalism emphasizes that religion is a universal human quality, and also focuses on the universal principles of most religions. It accepts all religions in an inclusive manner. In philosophy, universality is the notion that universal facts can be discovered and is therefore understood as being in opposition to relativism. In certain religions, universalism is the quality ascribed to an entity whose existence is consistent throughout the universe. A view held by Early Church Fathers and still held today by the Eastern Orthodox Church. This view was advocated by St Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria and other Eastern Church Fathers. A type of 'Universalism' is held by those in Judaism. More information about the Patristic Era, and Theological view point can be find in various books, encyclopedias, and Church History Moral universalism (also called \"moral objectivism\" or \"universal morality\") is the meta-ethical position that some system of ethics applies universally."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were the French people into Multiculturalism?", "answer": {"text": "the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which one won?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What cultures are we talking about?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3795765f32d49249b0e6c4b40ba782f_0_q#4", "question": "What else is interesting about this article?", "rewrite": "What else is interesting about this article other than french people cultures?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arabs in France Arabs in France are those parts of the Arab diaspora who have immigrated to France, as well as their descendants. Subgroups include Algerians in France, Moroccans in France, Lebanese people in France, Tunisians in France and Refugees of the Syrian Civil War. This French subgroup of Arabs in Europe are concentrated in the North African communities of Paris. French people of Arab origin (predominantly from Maghreb but also some from Mashreq areas of the Arab world) in France forms the second largest ethnic group after French people of French origin. There are no official figures concerning the demographics of French people of Arab descent because ethnic statistics are forbidden in France. Most immigration was in the 1960s and the early 1970s, a period of economic growth, but many of them managed to bring their families after 1973. They have settled mainly in the industrial regions in France, especially the Paris region, but also in Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur, Languedoc-Roussillon, Alsace, Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes and Corsica. Many notable French people have Maghrebi ancestry since Arabs in France are predominantly Maghrebis. Fashion Cinema Music Many notable French people are of Mashreki ancestry mainly of Lebanese descent. Cinema Music Fashion", "The first use of Hercules as a revolutionary symbol was during a festival celebrating the National Assembly's victory over federalism on 10 August 1793. \"Federalism\" was a movement to weaken the central government. This Festival of Unity consisted of four stations around Paris which featured symbols representing major events of the Revolution which embodied revolutionary ideals of liberty, unity, and power. The statue of Hercules, placed at the station commemorating the fall of Louis XVI, symbolized the power of the French people over their former oppressors. The statue's foot was placed on the throat of the Hydra, which represented the tyranny of federalism which the new Republic had vanquished. In one hand, the statue grasped a club, a symbol of power, while in the other grasping the fasces which symbolized the unity of the French people. The image of Hercules assisted the new Republic in establishing its new Republican moral system. Hercules thus evolved from a symbol of the sovereignty of the monarch into a symbol of the new sovereign authority in France: the French people. This transition was made easily for two reasons. First, because Hercules was a famous mythological figure, and had previously been used by the monarchy, he was easily recognized by educated French observers. It was not necessary for the revolutionary government to educate the French people on the background of the symbol. Additionally, Hercules recalled the classical age of the Greeks and the Romans, a period which the revolutionaries identified with republican and democratic ideals. These connotations made Hercules an easy choice to represent the powerful new sovereign people of France. During the more radical phase of the Revolution from 1793 to 1794, the usage and depiction of Hercules changed. These changes to the symbol were due to revolutionary leaders believing the symbol was inciting violence among the common citizens. The triumphant battles of Hercules and the overcoming of enemies of the Republic became less prominent.", "According to the Abwehr officer Hermann Bickler, the Germans needed 32 000 \"indicateurs\" (informers) to crush all resistance in France, but he reported in the fall of 1940 that the Abwehr had already exceeded that target. It was difficult for Germans to pass themselves off as French, so the Abwehr, the Gestapo and the SS could not have functioned without French informers. In September 1940, the poet Robert Desnos published an article titled \"\"J'irai le dire \u00e0 la Kommandantur\"\" in the underground newspaper \"Aujourd'hui\" appealing to ordinary French people to stop denouncing each other to the Germans. Desnos's appeal failed, but the phrase \"\"J'irai le dire \u00e0 la Kommandantur\"\" (\"I'll go and tell the Germans about it\") was a very popular one in occupied France as hundreds of thousands of ordinary French people denounced each other to the Germans. The problem of what the French called \"indics\" or \"mouches\" as informers were known was compounded by the \"corbeaux\" (poison pen letters). The writers of the \"corbeaux\" was inspired by a mixture of motivations such as envy, spite, greed, anti-Semitism, and sheer opportunism as many ordinary French people wanted to ingratiate themselves with what they believed to be the winning side. Ousby noted \"Yet perhaps the most striking testimony to the extent of denunciation came from the Germans themselves, surprised at how ready the French were to betray each other\". The problem of denunciation was always the most serious handicap for the resistance as there were a seemingly endless number of ordinary French people who were desperate to denounce anyone they suspected of engaging in resistance.", "Stereotypes of French people Stereotypes of French people include real or imagined characteristics of the French people used by people who see the French people as a single and homogeneous group. Stereotypes of the French by the British people, especially the English people, have existed for centuries. This is in part due to the many Anglo-French Wars (1193-1815). Americans view the French as effete and cowardly. Francophobia and xenophobic sentiments towards the French have being an established part of the Culture of the United States. France, particularly Paris, has been perceived for being a high fashion place where designer clothes and cosmetics are made. Poor hygiene is a stereotype attributed to the French, originating from American soldiers during World War II. The perception that the French workers are prone to strikes and take a lot of time of has established a stereotype of French being workshy. French men are perceived as being very romantic. French waiters have been perceived as rude and disrespectful, especially to foreigners who speak little to no French. The French military had been perceived as poor in armed combat and could be easily defeated in armed struggles, thus likely to surrender. However, this is not true as France was one of the world's leading power from the 18th century, and the stereotype was only attributed to France's role during World War II, in which French forces surrendered to German forces in just 46 days.", "French people in Senegal There is a small community of French people in Senegal, reflecting Senegal's history under France's rule as a part of French West Africa. During the period of French rule, there were almost no official controls on settlement by French nationals into the colonies. The European community of Dakar was dominated by the French, but also including whites from outside France. The community was marked by significant divisions of social class: in particular, French men in the colonial administration looked down on the rest of the European population. Aside from the administrators, the French population in Senegal during the period between the world wars contained rich merchant families from Bordeaux as well as smaller traders and their employees, as well as a large transient population of missionaries and travellers. French people required no identity cards or passports to travel in Senegal, making it easy to assume false identities and creating significant difficulties in policing them. Administrators expressed frustration with the influx of criminals and other \"undesirables\" from metropolitan France, which ran counter to what they saw as the French \"civilising mission\" to present \"morally upright\" role models for Africans to emulate. When Senegal achieved independence in 1960, there were estimated to be 40,000 French people in the country, three-fourths in Dakar alone. Though Dakar in particular featured a far higher proportion of non-indigenous population than many surrounding African countries in which racial conflict had become apparent, inter-ethnic relations there were characterised by an \"apparent absence of any colour problem\" . It had been expected that most French would soon return to France after independence, but a decade later, there were still 29,000 living in the country, involved with French aid and capital investment; their presence reflected the continued dependence of France's African colonies on the \"m\u00e9tropole\"."], "answer": {"text": "Villalba thus shows that any democratic nation characterize itself by its project of transcending all forms of particular memberships", "answer_start": 1232}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were the French people into Multiculturalism?", "answer": {"text": "the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which one won?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What cultures are we talking about?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is universalism?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3795765f32d49249b0e6c4b40ba782f_0_q#5", "question": "What time span are we talking about?", "rewrite": "What time span are we talking about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Delgado was first stationed with Oswald in Santa Ana, California, at the beginning of 1958, meeting him for the first time there and a little more than a year after Oswald first made sharpshooter. Skeptics have argued that expert marksmen could not duplicate Oswald's shooting in their first try during re-enactments by the Warren Commission (1964) and CBS (1967). In those tests, the marksmen attempted to hit the target three times within 5.6 seconds. This time span has been heavily disputed. The Warren Commission itself estimated that the time span between the two shots that hit President Kennedy was 4.8 to 5.6 seconds. If the second shot missed (assuming the first and third shots hit the president), then 4.8 to 5.6 seconds was the total time span of the shots. If the first or third shot missed, that would give a minimum time of 7.1 to 7.9 seconds for the three shots. Modern analysis of a digitally enhanced Zapruder film suggests that the first, second, and final shot may have taken 8.3 seconds. Many of CBS's 11 volunteer marksmen, who (unlike Oswald) had no prior experience with a properly sighted Carcano, were able to hit the test target twice in under the time allowed, although they were all afforded multiple attempts. The only man who scored three hits was firearms examiner Howard Donahue from Maryland. The FBI tests of the Carcano's accuracy showed:  1) FBI firearms expert Robert A. Frazier testified that \"It is a very accurate weapon. The targets we fired show that. \" From , all three bullets in a test firing landed approximately high, and to the right, in the area about the size of a dime (0.705 inch diameter). At , the test shots landed high, within a circle.", "They also noted that the precedence effect is an important factor in the perception of stereophonic sound. Wallach et al. did not systematically vary the intensities of the two sounds, although they cited research by Langmuir et al. which suggested that if the second-arriving sound is at least 15 dB louder than the first, the precedence effect breaks down. The \"Haas effect\" derives from a 1951 paper by Helmut Haas. In 1951 Haas examined how the perception of speech is affected in the presence of a single, coherent sound reflection. To create anechoic conditions, the experiment was carried out on the rooftop of a freestanding building. Another test was carried out in a room with a reverberation time of 1.6 ms. The test signal (recorded speech) was emitted from two similar loudspeakers at locations 45\u00b0 to the left and to the right in 3 m distance to the listener. Haas found that humans localize sound sources in the direction of the first arriving sound despite the presence of a single reflection from a different direction. A single auditory event is perceived. A reflection arriving later than 1 ms after the direct sound increases the perceived level and spaciousness (more precisely the perceived width of the sound source). A single reflection arriving within 5 to 30 ms can be up to 10 dB louder than the direct sound without being perceived as a secondary auditory event (echo). This time span varies with the reflection level. If the direct sound is coming from the same direction the listener is facing, the reflection's direction has no significant effect on the results. A reflection with attenuated higher frequencies expands the time span that echo suppression is active. Increased room reverberation time also expands the time span of echo suppression. The precedence effect appears if the subsequent wave fronts arrive between 2 ms and about 50 ms later than the first wave front. This range is signal dependent.", "When three species are fairly closely related to each other (like human, chimpanzee and gorilla), the trees obtained from DNA sequence data may not be congruent with the tree that represents the speciation (species tree). The shorter internodal time span (T) the more common are incongruent gene trees. The effective population size (N) of the internodal population determines how long genetic lineages are preserved in the population. A higher effective population size causes more incongruent gene trees. Therefore, if the internodal time span is known, the ancestral effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees can be calculated. When each segment was analyzed individually, 31 supported the \"Homo\"-\"Pan\" clade, 10 supported the \"Homo\"-\"Gorilla\" clade, and 12 supported the \"Pan\"-\"Gorilla\" clade. Using the molecular clock the authors estimated that gorillas split up first 6.2-8.4 MYA and chimpanzees and humans split up 1.6-2.2 million years later (internodal time span) 4.6-6.2 MYA. The internodal time span is useful to estimate the ancestral effective population size of the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. A parsimonious analysis revealed that 24 loci supported the \"Homo\"-\"Pan\" clade, 7 supported the \"Homo\"-\"Gorilla\" clade, 2 supported the \"Pan\"-\"Gorilla\" clade and 20 gave no resolution. Additionally they took 35 protein coding loci from databases. Of these 12 supported the \"Homo\"-\"Pan\" clade, 3 the \"Homo\"-\"Gorilla\" clade, 4 the \"Pan\"-\"Gorilla\" clade and 16 gave no resolution.", "Childhood  Childhood is the age span ranging from birth to adolescence. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, childhood consists of two stages: preoperational stage and concrete operational stage. In developmental psychology, childhood is divided up into the developmental stages of toddlerhood (learning to walk), early childhood (play age), middle childhood (school age), and adolescence (puberty through post-puberty). Various childhood factors could affect a person's attitude formation. The concept of childhood emerged during the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly through the educational theories of the philosopher John Locke and the growth of books for and about children. Previous to this point, children were often seen as incomplete versions of adults. The term \"childhood\" is non-specific in its time span and can imply a varying range of years in human development. It may refer to the period between infancy and adulthood, or the time span from birth to puberty. In the legal systems of many countries, there is an age of majority when childhood legally ends and a person legally becomes an adult, which ranges anywhere from 15 to 21, with 18 being the most common. A global consensus on the terms of childhood is the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). \"Childhood expectancy\" indicates the time span, which a child has to experience childhood. Eight life events described as \"childhood enders\" by Save the Children are death, extreme malnourishment, extreme violence, conflict forcing displacement, children being out of school, child labor, children having children, and child marriage. Early childhood follows the infancy stage and begins with toddlerhood when the child begins speaking or taking steps independently. While toddlerhood ends around age 3 when the child becomes less dependent on parental assistance for basic needs, early childhood continues approximately until the age of 7.", "Despite being the second highest-charting single from \"Aphrodite\" in the country, this is Minogue's lowest peak in the top half of the chart since \"\" in 1998. It is also her shortest time span on the chart since the aforementioned single. \" Put Your Hands Up\" entered the \u00d63 Austria Top 75 on 19 June 2011 at number 38. It assumes the role of her shortest time span on the chart since \"Your Disco Needs You\" in 2001. On 18 June 2011, the single debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 93, dropping out of it the following week. This not only marks Minogue's lowest entrance point onto the chart since 2007 (\"Santa Baby\", number 93), it also marks her lowest peak and her shortest week span on the chart. \"Put Your Hands Up\" sported different results in Belgium and the United States. It entered Belgium's Ultratip Flanders chart at number 48 on 11 June 2011. On 25 June 2011, it peaked at number 36, falling out a week later. In America, \"Put Your Hands Up\" was labeled the \"Hot Shot Debut\", entering Hot Dance Club Songs at number 41 on the issue date of 9 July 2011. After rising on the chart for two months, it took the number one spot on the issue date of 3 September 2011. This brings the total count of number ones on this chart by Minogue to 8, including 5 consecutive releases. In addition to that, it means all of the singles released from her \"Aphrodite\" album have achieved a number one spot on this chart, a first for Minogue. \"Put Your Hands Up (If You Feel Love)\" was performed as last song on the set list before the encores in all the legs of Minogue's Aphrodite World Tour."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were the French people into Multiculturalism?", "answer": {"text": "the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which one won?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What cultures are we talking about?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is universalism?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Villalba thus shows that any democratic nation characterize itself by its project of transcending all forms of particular memberships", "answer_start": 1232, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#0", "question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "rewrite": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Hunting Party (album) The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014. It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums. The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock. \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012). The album, described by Shinoda as simply \"a rock record\", serves a statement by the band against contemporary mainstream and active rock bands, accused by him as \"trying to be other bands and playing it safe\". Packaged by an artwork by Brandon Parvini based on an original drawing by James Jean, the album took under a year to record and produce, with material being improvisationally written by the band. The album also features guest appearances from Helmet's Page Hamilton, System of a Down's Daron Malakian, Rage Against the Machine's Tom Morello, and Rakim, marking the first time Linkin Park has collaborated with other artists on a studio album. The album was promoted by the band and Warner Bros, with multiple promotional teasers and interviews produced and published in the lead-up to the album's release and listening parties of the album being held worldwide on multiple dates. The band embarked on the Carnivores Tour, a double-headline tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars, as well as The Hunting Party Tour, in support of the album.", "Shalako (film) Shalako is a British 1968 Western film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot. It was filmed in Almer\u00eda, Spain. The cast also includes Stephen Boyd, Jack Hawkins, and Honor Blackman, Connery's co-star in \"Goldfinger. \" It is based on a novel by Louis L'Amour. In 1880 in New Mexico, frontier adventurer Bosky Fulton (Stephen Boyd) and his men lead a hunting party of European aristocrats and their servants, along with a retired American politician and his wife, into Apache territory. When a French countess, Irina Lazaar (Brigitte Bardot), wanders off, she is attacked by Apache warriors on horseback. She is rescued by Shalako (Sean Connery), a former U.S. Cavalry officer with a personal interest in keeping non-Indians off Indian land. While on the way to returning her to the hunting party, they are surrounded by Apaches. They both promise the Apache chief they will get the outsiders off the land. The chief agrees, but his son, Chato (Woody Strode), tells Shalako he intends to kill him in battle. Shalako urges the leader of the hunting party, Frederick von Hallstatt (Peter van Eyck), to leave, but he refuses and the two men soon despise each other. Shalako rides off to get the army to escort the party off Apache land, but the Apaches attack and would overrun the party but for a smoke signal ruse of Shalako from some distance away. The devious Fulton takes advantage of the lull in the fighting; he and his men take the hunting party\u2019s main stage coach, plus all the weapons and supplies, leaving the hunting party at the mercy of the Apaches.", "Linkin Park Underground members were announced for June 4, 2014 in various locations worldwide. The band, additionally, hosted the tenth and eleventh editions of the LPU summit, a convention for Underground members, during the album cycle. The tenth edition was held at the Darien Lake Performing Arts Center in Darien, New York on August 21, 2014, and the eleventh edition was held at the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion in The Woodlands, Texas on September 5, 2014. The band's first live performance of \"The Hunting Party\" album cycle was on May 24, 2014 at the KMFA Day music festival, in which they headlined. The band performed \"Guilty All the Same\", \"Until It's Gone\" and \"Wastelands\" for the first time. The band also performed as headliners at Rock in Rio Lisboa VI on May 30, 2014. During the performance, Shinoda tossed promotional singles containing the studio version of \"Wastelands\" out into the open audience, days before the song's official single release. Linkin Park are also set to embark on a double-headline tour of North America with Thirty Seconds to Mars in support of both \"The Hunting Party\" and Thirty Seconds to Mars' 2013 album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\". The tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, spanned 25 dates in August and September 2014, with American rock band AFI serving as opening act during the entire tour. The band held another tour named as \"The Hunting Party Tour\", which started in May 30, 2014. However, some of the shows on the tour were cancelled due to Bennington breaking his leg. Upon its release, \"The Hunting Party\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, the album has received an aggregated score of 65/100, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\", based on 15 reviews.", "The Hunting Party (Judge Dredd story)  \" The Hunting Party\" is a \"Judge Dredd\" story which appeared in British comic \"2000 AD\" in 1997. It consisted of 18 episodes published over 17 issues (issues 1033\u20131049, with a double episode in issue 1048). The first episode introduced the supporting characters Renga and Stark, as cadet judges. In a prequel, \"The Pack\", Mega-City One is attacked from the Cursed Earth desert by Dune Sharks, alien predators which can fly in the air or burrow under the sand. In \"The Hunting Party\", Judges Dredd and DeMarco are sent into the hazardous Cursed Earth to investigate who brought the Dune Sharks to Earth. They are accompanied by a group of teenage cadets from the Academy of Law, who are to be assessed during a training exercise known as a Hotdog Run. All episodes written by John Wagner. The above stories were collected as a trade paperback in 2006. \"The Pack\" was also collected in volume 25 of the series \"Judge Dredd: The Complete Case Files\" in 2015, and \"The Hunting Party\" was in volume 26 in 2016.", "The Hunting Party (1971 film) The Hunting Party is a 1971 American-British western film directed by Don Medford for Levy-Gardner-Laven and starring Oliver Reed, Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen, Simon Oakland and Ronald Howard. Relations are strained between cattle baron Brandt Ruger (Gene Hackman) and his wife, Melissa (Candice Bergen) when he leaves for a two-week hunting trip with some of his wealthy friends. Mistaking her for a schoolteacher, outlaw Frank Calder (Oliver Reed) and his band of rustlers and thieves kidnap Melissa, not for ransom but because Calder wants to be taught how to read a book. Traveling by luxurious private train, the hunting party engages in debauchery with women, one of whom Ruger sadistically abuses. Notified that his wife has been taken captive, Ruger arms his friends with high-powered rifles to begin a hunt not for animals but for men. Calder twice must keep Melissa from being raped by his men. But eventually he overpowers and rapes her himself. Melissa tries to shoot and stab Calder and to flee, each time in vain. She goes on a hunger strike, but cannot resist the temptation of a jar of peaches. She begins to enjoy Calder's company. Using rifles with telescopic sights that can allow shooting a target at 800 yards, Ruger and his men begin to pick off the outlaws one by one. Melissa also stabs one, Hog Warren (L.Q. Jones), after he attempts a second time to rape her. Calder charges within close range and is able to shoot one of Ruger's men. Two others quit the hunting party when they see Ruger's lack of concern over their friend's death."], "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#1", "question": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "rewrite": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Hunting Party (album) The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014. It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums. The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock. \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012). The album, described by Shinoda as simply \"a rock record\", serves a statement by the band against contemporary mainstream and active rock bands, accused by him as \"trying to be other bands and playing it safe\". Packaged by an artwork by Brandon Parvini based on an original drawing by James Jean, the album took under a year to record and produce, with material being improvisationally written by the band. The album also features guest appearances from Helmet's Page Hamilton, System of a Down's Daron Malakian, Rage Against the Machine's Tom Morello, and Rakim, marking the first time Linkin Park has collaborated with other artists on a studio album. The album was promoted by the band and Warner Bros, with multiple promotional teasers and interviews produced and published in the lead-up to the album's release and listening parties of the album being held worldwide on multiple dates. The band embarked on the Carnivores Tour, a double-headline tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars, as well as The Hunting Party Tour, in support of the album.", "The Hunting Party (comics) The Hunting Party () is a political thriller graphic novel from 1983 written by Pierre Christin and illustrated by Enki Bilal. It is centered on a group of old, mostly retired or disgraced Communist bloc political leaders who meet in Poland for a bear-hunting party under the guide of Soviet Presidium leader Vasili Aleksandrovi\u010d \u010cev\u010denko, an aging revolutionary leader who, while retired from official duties, still retains much of his power and political influence. The year in which the story takes place is not specified, but it appears to be set in 1983, per Sergej \u0160avanidze's fictional biography on page 1, which states that \"... at 44 (\u0160avanidze was born in 1939), he is the youngest member of the Politburo\". The characters, while reminiscing about their individual role in the gradual building of the Communist empire from the Revolution onwards, and the tragedies they had to endure along with growing disillusionment with the Socialist dream, plot to kill the new up-and-coming personality in the Politburo and thus stop his Stalinist political vision meant to ensure social immobilism for all the Eastern bloc. As in the case of many other French graphic novels, \"The Hunting Party\" was first published sequentially. \"Pilote\" magazine issued the story in two parts in 1981 and 1982 (#M89, M99). Later the story was published as an individual album in May, 1983 by Dargaud. In 1990 the authors included an \"Epitaph (1990)\" chapter, which reflects to the comics' events in retrospect (n.b. in 1989 the Eastern Bloc finally collapsed, urging the creators to revisit their comic created in the early Eighties).", "The Hunting Party (1971 film) The Hunting Party is a 1971 American-British western film directed by Don Medford for Levy-Gardner-Laven and starring Oliver Reed, Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen, Simon Oakland and Ronald Howard. Relations are strained between cattle baron Brandt Ruger (Gene Hackman) and his wife, Melissa (Candice Bergen) when he leaves for a two-week hunting trip with some of his wealthy friends. Mistaking her for a schoolteacher, outlaw Frank Calder (Oliver Reed) and his band of rustlers and thieves kidnap Melissa, not for ransom but because Calder wants to be taught how to read a book. Traveling by luxurious private train, the hunting party engages in debauchery with women, one of whom Ruger sadistically abuses. Notified that his wife has been taken captive, Ruger arms his friends with high-powered rifles to begin a hunt not for animals but for men. Calder twice must keep Melissa from being raped by his men. But eventually he overpowers and rapes her himself. Melissa tries to shoot and stab Calder and to flee, each time in vain. She goes on a hunger strike, but cannot resist the temptation of a jar of peaches. She begins to enjoy Calder's company. Using rifles with telescopic sights that can allow shooting a target at 800 yards, Ruger and his men begin to pick off the outlaws one by one. Melissa also stabs one, Hog Warren (L.Q. Jones), after he attempts a second time to rape her. Calder charges within close range and is able to shoot one of Ruger's men. Two others quit the hunting party when they see Ruger's lack of concern over their friend's death.", "Shalako (film) Shalako is a British 1968 Western film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot. It was filmed in Almer\u00eda, Spain. The cast also includes Stephen Boyd, Jack Hawkins, and Honor Blackman, Connery's co-star in \"Goldfinger. \" It is based on a novel by Louis L'Amour. In 1880 in New Mexico, frontier adventurer Bosky Fulton (Stephen Boyd) and his men lead a hunting party of European aristocrats and their servants, along with a retired American politician and his wife, into Apache territory. When a French countess, Irina Lazaar (Brigitte Bardot), wanders off, she is attacked by Apache warriors on horseback. She is rescued by Shalako (Sean Connery), a former U.S. Cavalry officer with a personal interest in keeping non-Indians off Indian land. While on the way to returning her to the hunting party, they are surrounded by Apaches. They both promise the Apache chief they will get the outsiders off the land. The chief agrees, but his son, Chato (Woody Strode), tells Shalako he intends to kill him in battle. Shalako urges the leader of the hunting party, Frederick von Hallstatt (Peter van Eyck), to leave, but he refuses and the two men soon despise each other. Shalako rides off to get the army to escort the party off Apache land, but the Apaches attack and would overrun the party but for a smoke signal ruse of Shalako from some distance away. The devious Fulton takes advantage of the lull in the fighting; he and his men take the hunting party\u2019s main stage coach, plus all the weapons and supplies, leaving the hunting party at the mercy of the Apaches.", "The Hunting Party Tour The Hunting Party Tour was the eleventh concert tour by American rock band Linkin Park. It was launched in support of Linkin Park's sixth studio album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014). The tour was partially announced in May 2014 through a teaser released after the release of trailer of a co-headlined tour \"Carnivores Tour\" by Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars. Later, the tour was officially announced on November 23 with a whole trailer in promotion. Its first leg under the name \"European Tour\" began on May 30, 2014, in Lisboa, Portugal, and ended on June 14 in Castle Donington, England, where they played \"Hybrid Theory\" as a whole album. The tour features special guests Of Mice & Men and Rise Against. On January 15, 2015, the band begun the \"world\" tour for The Hunting Party with the first leg under \"North American Tour\". During a show at Indianapolis, Chester Bennington injured his leg, which led to the cancellation of the tour \"North American Tour\". The band continued the world tour on May 9, performing at the first edition of Rock In Rio in America. It is the last full album tour to feature Chester Bennington as vocalist before his death in 2017. Rumors of a tour from Linkin Park first circulated after the release of the trailer for the Carnivorous Tour. The tour's first leg was in Europe where the band played nine shows. The leg had a duration of sixteen days. The tour began with the \"Rock In Rio\" show in Lisboa. And later the tour took a break after the \"Download Festival\" where the band played Hybrid Theory as a whole album together for the first time. The first leg included shows like Rock in Rio, Rock am Ring, Rock im Park, Alfa Romeo City Sound, Greenfield and Download Festival."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#2", "question": "How many sales have there been for The Hunting Party?", "rewrite": "How many sales have there been for The Hunting Party?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Hunting Party (1971 film) The Hunting Party is a 1971 American-British western film directed by Don Medford for Levy-Gardner-Laven and starring Oliver Reed, Gene Hackman, Candice Bergen, Simon Oakland and Ronald Howard. Relations are strained between cattle baron Brandt Ruger (Gene Hackman) and his wife, Melissa (Candice Bergen) when he leaves for a two-week hunting trip with some of his wealthy friends. Mistaking her for a schoolteacher, outlaw Frank Calder (Oliver Reed) and his band of rustlers and thieves kidnap Melissa, not for ransom but because Calder wants to be taught how to read a book. Traveling by luxurious private train, the hunting party engages in debauchery with women, one of whom Ruger sadistically abuses. Notified that his wife has been taken captive, Ruger arms his friends with high-powered rifles to begin a hunt not for animals but for men. Calder twice must keep Melissa from being raped by his men. But eventually he overpowers and rapes her himself. Melissa tries to shoot and stab Calder and to flee, each time in vain. She goes on a hunger strike, but cannot resist the temptation of a jar of peaches. She begins to enjoy Calder's company. Using rifles with telescopic sights that can allow shooting a target at 800 yards, Ruger and his men begin to pick off the outlaws one by one. Melissa also stabs one, Hog Warren (L.Q. Jones), after he attempts a second time to rape her. Calder charges within close range and is able to shoot one of Ruger's men. Two others quit the hunting party when they see Ruger's lack of concern over their friend's death.", "The Hunting Party (comics) The Hunting Party () is a political thriller graphic novel from 1983 written by Pierre Christin and illustrated by Enki Bilal. It is centered on a group of old, mostly retired or disgraced Communist bloc political leaders who meet in Poland for a bear-hunting party under the guide of Soviet Presidium leader Vasili Aleksandrovi\u010d \u010cev\u010denko, an aging revolutionary leader who, while retired from official duties, still retains much of his power and political influence. The year in which the story takes place is not specified, but it appears to be set in 1983, per Sergej \u0160avanidze's fictional biography on page 1, which states that \"... at 44 (\u0160avanidze was born in 1939), he is the youngest member of the Politburo\". The characters, while reminiscing about their individual role in the gradual building of the Communist empire from the Revolution onwards, and the tragedies they had to endure along with growing disillusionment with the Socialist dream, plot to kill the new up-and-coming personality in the Politburo and thus stop his Stalinist political vision meant to ensure social immobilism for all the Eastern bloc. As in the case of many other French graphic novels, \"The Hunting Party\" was first published sequentially. \"Pilote\" magazine issued the story in two parts in 1981 and 1982 (#M89, M99). Later the story was published as an individual album in May, 1983 by Dargaud. In 1990 the authors included an \"Epitaph (1990)\" chapter, which reflects to the comics' events in retrospect (n.b. in 1989 the Eastern Bloc finally collapsed, urging the creators to revisit their comic created in the early Eighties).", "Shalako (film) Shalako is a British 1968 Western film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot. It was filmed in Almer\u00eda, Spain. The cast also includes Stephen Boyd, Jack Hawkins, and Honor Blackman, Connery's co-star in \"Goldfinger. \" It is based on a novel by Louis L'Amour. In 1880 in New Mexico, frontier adventurer Bosky Fulton (Stephen Boyd) and his men lead a hunting party of European aristocrats and their servants, along with a retired American politician and his wife, into Apache territory. When a French countess, Irina Lazaar (Brigitte Bardot), wanders off, she is attacked by Apache warriors on horseback. She is rescued by Shalako (Sean Connery), a former U.S. Cavalry officer with a personal interest in keeping non-Indians off Indian land. While on the way to returning her to the hunting party, they are surrounded by Apaches. They both promise the Apache chief they will get the outsiders off the land. The chief agrees, but his son, Chato (Woody Strode), tells Shalako he intends to kill him in battle. Shalako urges the leader of the hunting party, Frederick von Hallstatt (Peter van Eyck), to leave, but he refuses and the two men soon despise each other. Shalako rides off to get the army to escort the party off Apache land, but the Apaches attack and would overrun the party but for a smoke signal ruse of Shalako from some distance away. The devious Fulton takes advantage of the lull in the fighting; he and his men take the hunting party\u2019s main stage coach, plus all the weapons and supplies, leaving the hunting party at the mercy of the Apaches.", "Linkin Park Underground members were announced for June 4, 2014 in various locations worldwide. The band, additionally, hosted the tenth and eleventh editions of the LPU summit, a convention for Underground members, during the album cycle. The tenth edition was held at the Darien Lake Performing Arts Center in Darien, New York on August 21, 2014, and the eleventh edition was held at the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion in The Woodlands, Texas on September 5, 2014. The band's first live performance of \"The Hunting Party\" album cycle was on May 24, 2014 at the KMFA Day music festival, in which they headlined. The band performed \"Guilty All the Same\", \"Until It's Gone\" and \"Wastelands\" for the first time. The band also performed as headliners at Rock in Rio Lisboa VI on May 30, 2014. During the performance, Shinoda tossed promotional singles containing the studio version of \"Wastelands\" out into the open audience, days before the song's official single release. Linkin Park are also set to embark on a double-headline tour of North America with Thirty Seconds to Mars in support of both \"The Hunting Party\" and Thirty Seconds to Mars' 2013 album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\". The tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, spanned 25 dates in August and September 2014, with American rock band AFI serving as opening act during the entire tour. The band held another tour named as \"The Hunting Party Tour\", which started in May 30, 2014. However, some of the shows on the tour were cancelled due to Bennington breaking his leg. Upon its release, \"The Hunting Party\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, the album has received an aggregated score of 65/100, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\", based on 15 reviews.", "The Hunting Party (album) The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014. It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums. The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock. \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012). The album, described by Shinoda as simply \"a rock record\", serves a statement by the band against contemporary mainstream and active rock bands, accused by him as \"trying to be other bands and playing it safe\". Packaged by an artwork by Brandon Parvini based on an original drawing by James Jean, the album took under a year to record and produce, with material being improvisationally written by the band. The album also features guest appearances from Helmet's Page Hamilton, System of a Down's Daron Malakian, Rage Against the Machine's Tom Morello, and Rakim, marking the first time Linkin Park has collaborated with other artists on a studio album. The album was promoted by the band and Warner Bros, with multiple promotional teasers and interviews produced and published in the lead-up to the album's release and listening parties of the album being held worldwide on multiple dates. The band embarked on the Carnivores Tour, a double-headline tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars, as well as The Hunting Party Tour, in support of the album."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#3", "question": "Is there any other note worthy information in the article about The Hunting Party?", "rewrite": "Is there any other note worthy information in the article about The Hunting Party besides the album The Hunting Party?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Hunting Party Tour The Hunting Party Tour was the eleventh concert tour by American rock band Linkin Park. It was launched in support of Linkin Park's sixth studio album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014). The tour was partially announced in May 2014 through a teaser released after the release of trailer of a co-headlined tour \"Carnivores Tour\" by Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars. Later, the tour was officially announced on November 23 with a whole trailer in promotion. Its first leg under the name \"European Tour\" began on May 30, 2014, in Lisboa, Portugal, and ended on June 14 in Castle Donington, England, where they played \"Hybrid Theory\" as a whole album. The tour features special guests Of Mice & Men and Rise Against. On January 15, 2015, the band begun the \"world\" tour for The Hunting Party with the first leg under \"North American Tour\". During a show at Indianapolis, Chester Bennington injured his leg, which led to the cancellation of the tour \"North American Tour\". The band continued the world tour on May 9, performing at the first edition of Rock In Rio in America. It is the last full album tour to feature Chester Bennington as vocalist before his death in 2017. Rumors of a tour from Linkin Park first circulated after the release of the trailer for the Carnivorous Tour. The tour's first leg was in Europe where the band played nine shows. The leg had a duration of sixteen days. The tour began with the \"Rock In Rio\" show in Lisboa. And later the tour took a break after the \"Download Festival\" where the band played Hybrid Theory as a whole album together for the first time. The first leg included shows like Rock in Rio, Rock am Ring, Rock im Park, Alfa Romeo City Sound, Greenfield and Download Festival.", "Scott Anderson's conclusion at the end of the article was that UN and NATO not only exhibited precious little interest in actually finding Karad\u017ei\u0107, but they also actively sabotaged any such meaningful attempt from within their own ranks. When he was discovered, however, Karad\u017ei\u0107 turned out to be hiding in disguise and alone. Junger, Falk, Doornbos, and Deprez make cameo appearances in the movie as unnamed journalists in the press pack. Critical reaction to \"The Hunting Party\" was mixed. The film critic site Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a 54% rating, or \"Rotten\", based on 92 reviews (as of September 2019). The aggregate consensus states: \" \"The Hunting Party\" is tonally awkward: its shifts from dark satire to serious political thriller create an uneven film, despite best efforts from its game leads\". The site Metacritic showed a rating of 54 out of 100, qualifying as \"Average or Mixed Reviews\", based on 22 ratings. \" The New York Times\" reviewer Manohla Dargis called the film: \"A misfired, misguided would-be satire.\" Owen Gleiberman for \"Entertainment Weekly\" stated, on the other hand: \"What makes \"The Hunting Party\" an original, gonzo treat is the way that Shepard plants the movie's tone somewhere between hair-trigger investigative danger and the from-the-frying-pan-into-the-fire glee of a Hope/Crosby picture.\" Elvis D'Silva of Rediff India, in his article \"Fails to entertain\", has questioned how much the movie reflects reality of the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Richard Gere promoted \"The Hunting Party\" with guest appearances on the \"Late Show with David Letterman\" and \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\".", "Linkin Park Underground members were announced for June 4, 2014 in various locations worldwide. The band, additionally, hosted the tenth and eleventh editions of the LPU summit, a convention for Underground members, during the album cycle. The tenth edition was held at the Darien Lake Performing Arts Center in Darien, New York on August 21, 2014, and the eleventh edition was held at the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion in The Woodlands, Texas on September 5, 2014. The band's first live performance of \"The Hunting Party\" album cycle was on May 24, 2014 at the KMFA Day music festival, in which they headlined. The band performed \"Guilty All the Same\", \"Until It's Gone\" and \"Wastelands\" for the first time. The band also performed as headliners at Rock in Rio Lisboa VI on May 30, 2014. During the performance, Shinoda tossed promotional singles containing the studio version of \"Wastelands\" out into the open audience, days before the song's official single release. Linkin Park are also set to embark on a double-headline tour of North America with Thirty Seconds to Mars in support of both \"The Hunting Party\" and Thirty Seconds to Mars' 2013 album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\". The tour, dubbed the Carnivores Tour, spanned 25 dates in August and September 2014, with American rock band AFI serving as opening act during the entire tour. The band held another tour named as \"The Hunting Party Tour\", which started in May 30, 2014. However, some of the shows on the tour were cancelled due to Bennington breaking his leg. Upon its release, \"The Hunting Party\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, the album has received an aggregated score of 65/100, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\", based on 15 reviews.", "Shalako (film) Shalako is a British 1968 Western film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot. It was filmed in Almer\u00eda, Spain. The cast also includes Stephen Boyd, Jack Hawkins, and Honor Blackman, Connery's co-star in \"Goldfinger. \" It is based on a novel by Louis L'Amour. In 1880 in New Mexico, frontier adventurer Bosky Fulton (Stephen Boyd) and his men lead a hunting party of European aristocrats and their servants, along with a retired American politician and his wife, into Apache territory. When a French countess, Irina Lazaar (Brigitte Bardot), wanders off, she is attacked by Apache warriors on horseback. She is rescued by Shalako (Sean Connery), a former U.S. Cavalry officer with a personal interest in keeping non-Indians off Indian land. While on the way to returning her to the hunting party, they are surrounded by Apaches. They both promise the Apache chief they will get the outsiders off the land. The chief agrees, but his son, Chato (Woody Strode), tells Shalako he intends to kill him in battle. Shalako urges the leader of the hunting party, Frederick von Hallstatt (Peter van Eyck), to leave, but he refuses and the two men soon despise each other. Shalako rides off to get the army to escort the party off Apache land, but the Apaches attack and would overrun the party but for a smoke signal ruse of Shalako from some distance away. The devious Fulton takes advantage of the lull in the fighting; he and his men take the hunting party\u2019s main stage coach, plus all the weapons and supplies, leaving the hunting party at the mercy of the Apaches.", "The Hunting Party (album) The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014. It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums. The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock. \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012). The album, described by Shinoda as simply \"a rock record\", serves a statement by the band against contemporary mainstream and active rock bands, accused by him as \"trying to be other bands and playing it safe\". Packaged by an artwork by Brandon Parvini based on an original drawing by James Jean, the album took under a year to record and produce, with material being improvisationally written by the band. The album also features guest appearances from Helmet's Page Hamilton, System of a Down's Daron Malakian, Rage Against the Machine's Tom Morello, and Rakim, marking the first time Linkin Park has collaborated with other artists on a studio album. The album was promoted by the band and Warner Bros, with multiple promotional teasers and interviews produced and published in the lead-up to the album's release and listening parties of the album being held worldwide on multiple dates. The band embarked on the Carnivores Tour, a double-headline tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars, as well as The Hunting Party Tour, in support of the album."], "answer": {"text": "Revolver ranked The Hunting Party as the fourth best album of 2014.", "answer_start": 789}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many sales have there been for The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#4", "question": "Was The Hunting Party ranked by any other big names?", "rewrite": "Was The Hunting Party ranked by any other big names besides Revolver ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Shalako (film) Shalako is a British 1968 Western film directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring Sean Connery and Brigitte Bardot. It was filmed in Almer\u00eda, Spain. The cast also includes Stephen Boyd, Jack Hawkins, and Honor Blackman, Connery's co-star in \"Goldfinger. \" It is based on a novel by Louis L'Amour. In 1880 in New Mexico, frontier adventurer Bosky Fulton (Stephen Boyd) and his men lead a hunting party of European aristocrats and their servants, along with a retired American politician and his wife, into Apache territory. When a French countess, Irina Lazaar (Brigitte Bardot), wanders off, she is attacked by Apache warriors on horseback. She is rescued by Shalako (Sean Connery), a former U.S. Cavalry officer with a personal interest in keeping non-Indians off Indian land. While on the way to returning her to the hunting party, they are surrounded by Apaches. They both promise the Apache chief they will get the outsiders off the land. The chief agrees, but his son, Chato (Woody Strode), tells Shalako he intends to kill him in battle. Shalako urges the leader of the hunting party, Frederick von Hallstatt (Peter van Eyck), to leave, but he refuses and the two men soon despise each other. Shalako rides off to get the army to escort the party off Apache land, but the Apaches attack and would overrun the party but for a smoke signal ruse of Shalako from some distance away. The devious Fulton takes advantage of the lull in the fighting; he and his men take the hunting party\u2019s main stage coach, plus all the weapons and supplies, leaving the hunting party at the mercy of the Apaches.", "Installation of a strike into a fire listed door (for open backed strikes on pairs of doors) or the frame must be done under listing agency authority, if any modifications to the frame are required (mostly for commercial doors and frames). In the US, since there is no current Certified Personnel Program to allow field installation of electric strikes into fire listed door openings, listing agency field evaluations would most likely require the door and frame to be de-listed and replaced. Electric strikes can allow mechanical free egress: a departing person operates the lockset in the door, not the electric strike in the door frame. Electric strikes can also be either \"fail unlocked\" (except in Fire Listed Doors, as they must remain latched when power is not present), or the more-secure \"fail locked\" design. Electric strikes are easier to attack than a mag lock. It is simple to lever the door open at the strike, as often there is an increased gap between the strike and the door latch. Latch guard plates are often used to cover this gap. Electric mortise and cylindrical locks are drop-in replacements for door-mounted mechanical locks. An additional hole must be drilled in the door for electric power wires. Also, a power transfer hinge is often used to get the power from the door frame to the door. Electric mortise and cylindrical locks allow mechanical free egress, and can be either fail unlocked or fail locked. In the US, UL rated doors must retain their rating: in new construction doors are cored and then rated. but in retrofits, the doors must be re-rated. Electrified exit hardware, sometimes called \"panic hardware\" or \"crash bars\", are used in fire exit applications. A person wishing to exit pushes against the bar to open the door, making it the easiest of mechanically-free exit methods.", "The Hunting Party (album) The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014. It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums. The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock. \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012). The album, described by Shinoda as simply \"a rock record\", serves a statement by the band against contemporary mainstream and active rock bands, accused by him as \"trying to be other bands and playing it safe\". Packaged by an artwork by Brandon Parvini based on an original drawing by James Jean, the album took under a year to record and produce, with material being improvisationally written by the band. The album also features guest appearances from Helmet's Page Hamilton, System of a Down's Daron Malakian, Rage Against the Machine's Tom Morello, and Rakim, marking the first time Linkin Park has collaborated with other artists on a studio album. The album was promoted by the band and Warner Bros, with multiple promotional teasers and interviews produced and published in the lead-up to the album's release and listening parties of the album being held worldwide on multiple dates. The band embarked on the Carnivores Tour, a double-headline tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars, as well as The Hunting Party Tour, in support of the album.", "There are many manufacturers of electric strikes, and there are many things that have to be considered when buying one, i.e., type of jamb, type of locking hardware, whether one requires fail-secure, fail-safe or hold-open function, length of the latch, depth of jamb, voltage requirements and the length of the faceplate. In some cases, it is a good option to choose a magnetic lock. Before using a magnetic lock, the Fire Marshal or appropriate authority should be consulted. There are emergency egress issues that must be addressed before using a magnetic lock. Electric strikes can be differentiated in a number of ways, frame type it can be installed in, duty (continuous or intermittent), and which variety of locking mechanism on the door it can work with. The four most common locking mechanisms concerned with electric strikes are Cylindrical, Deadbolt, Mortise, and Rim Panic Exit Devices. Cylindrical electric strikes are generally the cheapest due to their use in residential markets. Deadbolts, also known as night latches, do not have a spring mechanism which means the strike for a deadlatch is 'hold' only (the deadbolt is thrown and it engages in the electric strike cavity, the electric strike can release it but cannot subsequently 'recapture it' since the deadbolt lacks the spring latching capability of the other lock sets). Mortise type locksets tend towards larger projecting latches from the door to engage deeper in the frame and electric strikes used for these locking mechanisms require more cutting and space in the frame. Rim Panic devices are required in many buildings as a 'single motion' means of egress and electric strikes used in these situations are typically different than electric strikes for other situations. Electric strikes for rim panic exit devices are sometimes, though not always, 'no cut' electric strikes -", "On June 22, Linkin Park made an unscheduled headline appearance at the Vans Warped Tour, where they played with members of Issues, The Devil Wears Prada, A Day To Remember, Yellowcard, Breathe Carolina, Finch, and Machine Gun Kelly. In January 2015, the band embarked on a tour to promote the release of The Hunting Party, consisting of 17 concerts across the United States and Canada. The tour was canceled after only three concerts when Bennington injured his ankle. On May 9, Linkin Park performed at the first edition of Rock in Rio USA, in direct support for Metallica. On November 9, 2014, MTV Europe named Linkin Park the \"Best Rock\" act of 2014 at their annual music awards ceremony. The band won the 'Best Rock Band' and 'Best Live Act' titles of 2014 on Loudwire's Music Awards. Revolver ranked The Hunting Party as the fourth best album of 2014. In an interview with AltWire on May 4, Shinoda reflected on The Hunting Party and commented on Linkin Park's future, stating; \"I'm really happy with the reaction from The Hunting Party, and I think we're ready to move somewhere new on the next album, which will be coming [in 2016]\". Linkin Park collaborated with Steve Aoki on the song \"Darker Than Blood\" for Aoki's album Neon Future II, which was released in May 2015. The first preview of the song came during Aoki's performance on February 28, 2015 at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago, Illinois. The song was debuted on Twitch.tv on April 13 and released on April 14. Linkin Park performed at the closing ceremony of Blizzcon 2015, Blizzard's video game convention."], "answer": {"text": "Shinoda", "answer_start": 27}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many sales have there been for The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there any other note worthy information in the article about The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "Revolver ranked The Hunting Party as the fourth best album of 2014.", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#5", "question": "Do they have any other large albums?", "rewrite": "Do Linkin Park have any other large albums besides The Hunting Party?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In an interview with \"Billboard\", Bennington explained that a co-headlining tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars had been a long time coming; Linkin Park, indeed, had polled their fans a number of times in order to identify which artist they would like to join them on tour and Thirty Seconds to Mars was the most sought-after band multiple times. Thirty Seconds to Mars first worked with Linkin Park in 2007, opening some European shows for the band. Set for August 2014, the Carnivores Tour showcased Linkin Park's sixth studio album \"The Hunting Party\" (2014) and Thirty Seconds to Mars' fourth studio album \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\" (2013). Speaking on the tour name, Shinoda said, \"'Carnivores' is a metaphor that is meant to convey an appetite for something visceral and substantive. I feel that's exactly the hunger this tour will feed.\" Leto added, \"We are so excited to join our friends on this epic journey. It's going to be the adventure of a lifetime.\" American rock band AFI was confirmed as the supporting act for the tour, promoting their ninth album \"Burials\" (2013). The Carnivores Tour was sponsored in-part by Infinity and promoted by Live Nation. Sales for general tickets began on March 7, 2014, with Hollywood Bowl and Verizon Wireless Amphitheater on sale March 10. Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars offered pre-sale tickets for their respective fan club members. Linkin Park's set list mixed \"The Hunting Party\" with the rest of the band's catalog. The set by Thirty Seconds to Mars encompassed songs from \"Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams\", as well as tracks from their previous albums. Supporting act AFI did not perform on September 15 in Los Angeles.", "In an article by \"Loudwire\" the song is described as featuring a very distinctive toy piano sound in certain parts, and acquainted by Linkin Park lead singer Chester Bennington's heavy vocals and a fast-paced beat. Shinoda at the premiere screening of the film described the music as , Hahn had recently handpicked ten demos throughout Linkin Park's career as their starting for the music in the film. From there the band members started to work on the music. He recalls Hahn's selections of unreleased demos that they're more like 'raw' and 'stream of consciousness' pieces of music, which will fit well in construction for \"Mall\". In an article by \"101 WRIF\", Gary Graff comments on the song as \"Linkin Park has released a new song that wasn't featured on \"The Hunting Party\", their sixth studio that was released in June 2014, as they offer a free digital download of 'White Noise' that is featured on the soundtrack to Mall, Hahn's newest film that is confined as his first directing debut, after his first short film \"The Seed\". Hahn was able to go through some of the unreleased demos from Linkin Park's previous studio albums from their throughout career for the soundtrack to Mall, and using Linkin Park's music became a natural fit for the project.\" Joe Hahn commented on the fitting of the song in film as:", "The Hunting Party (album) The Hunting Party is the sixth studio album by American rock band Linkin Park. The album, produced by band members Mike Shinoda and Brad Delson, was released by Warner Bros. Records and Machine Shop on June 13, 2014. It is the first album since \"Meteora\" (2003) not to be produced with Rick Rubin, after producing the band's previous three studio albums. The title \"The Hunting Party\" is a contextual metaphor: Linkin Park is the party that is hunting to bring back the energy and soul of rock. \"The Hunting Party\" is a departure from the electronic rock sound of the band's previous two studio albums, \"A Thousand Suns\" (2010) and \"Living Things\" (2012). The album, described by Shinoda as simply \"a rock record\", serves a statement by the band against contemporary mainstream and active rock bands, accused by him as \"trying to be other bands and playing it safe\". Packaged by an artwork by Brandon Parvini based on an original drawing by James Jean, the album took under a year to record and produce, with material being improvisationally written by the band. The album also features guest appearances from Helmet's Page Hamilton, System of a Down's Daron Malakian, Rage Against the Machine's Tom Morello, and Rakim, marking the first time Linkin Park has collaborated with other artists on a studio album. The album was promoted by the band and Warner Bros, with multiple promotional teasers and interviews produced and published in the lead-up to the album's release and listening parties of the album being held worldwide on multiple dates. The band embarked on the Carnivores Tour, a double-headline tour with Thirty Seconds to Mars, as well as The Hunting Party Tour, in support of the album.", "On June 22, Linkin Park made an unscheduled headline appearance at the Vans Warped Tour, where they played with members of Issues, The Devil Wears Prada, A Day To Remember, Yellowcard, Breathe Carolina, Finch, and Machine Gun Kelly. In January 2015, the band embarked on a tour to promote the release of The Hunting Party, consisting of 17 concerts across the United States and Canada. The tour was canceled after only three concerts when Bennington injured his ankle. On May 9, Linkin Park performed at the first edition of Rock in Rio USA, in direct support for Metallica. On November 9, 2014, MTV Europe named Linkin Park the \"Best Rock\" act of 2014 at their annual music awards ceremony. The band won the 'Best Rock Band' and 'Best Live Act' titles of 2014 on Loudwire's Music Awards. Revolver ranked The Hunting Party as the fourth best album of 2014. In an interview with AltWire on May 4, Shinoda reflected on The Hunting Party and commented on Linkin Park's future, stating; \"I'm really happy with the reaction from The Hunting Party, and I think we're ready to move somewhere new on the next album, which will be coming [in 2016]\". Linkin Park collaborated with Steve Aoki on the song \"Darker Than Blood\" for Aoki's album Neon Future II, which was released in May 2015. The first preview of the song came during Aoki's performance on February 28, 2015 at the Aragon Ballroom in Chicago, Illinois. The song was debuted on Twitch.tv on April 13 and released on April 14. Linkin Park performed at the closing ceremony of Blizzcon 2015, Blizzard's video game convention.", "The Hunting Party Tour The Hunting Party Tour was the eleventh concert tour by American rock band Linkin Park. It was launched in support of Linkin Park's sixth studio album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014). The tour was partially announced in May 2014 through a teaser released after the release of trailer of a co-headlined tour \"Carnivores Tour\" by Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars. Later, the tour was officially announced on November 23 with a whole trailer in promotion. Its first leg under the name \"European Tour\" began on May 30, 2014, in Lisboa, Portugal, and ended on June 14 in Castle Donington, England, where they played \"Hybrid Theory\" as a whole album. The tour features special guests Of Mice & Men and Rise Against. On January 15, 2015, the band begun the \"world\" tour for The Hunting Party with the first leg under \"North American Tour\". During a show at Indianapolis, Chester Bennington injured his leg, which led to the cancellation of the tour \"North American Tour\". The band continued the world tour on May 9, performing at the first edition of Rock In Rio in America. It is the last full album tour to feature Chester Bennington as vocalist before his death in 2017. Rumors of a tour from Linkin Park first circulated after the release of the trailer for the Carnivorous Tour. The tour's first leg was in Europe where the band played nine shows. The leg had a duration of sixteen days. The tour began with the \"Rock In Rio\" show in Lisboa. And later the tour took a break after the \"Download Festival\" where the band played Hybrid Theory as a whole album together for the first time. The first leg included shows like Rock in Rio, Rock am Ring, Rock im Park, Alfa Romeo City Sound, Greenfield and Download Festival."], "answer": {"text": "their debut album, Hybrid Theory,", "answer_start": 1286}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many sales have there been for The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there any other note worthy information in the article about The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "Revolver ranked The Hunting Party as the fourth best album of 2014.", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was The Hunting Party ranked by any other big names?", "answer": {"text": "Shinoda", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#6", "question": "What are other albums by Linkin Park?", "rewrite": "What are other albums by Linkin Park besides The Hunting Party and Hybrid Theory?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In an interview with Fuse, Shinoda confirmed that Linkin Park had begun recording their sixth studio album in May 2013. The band released the first single from their upcoming album, titled, \"Guilty All the Same\" on March 6, 2014 through Shazam. The single was later released on the following day by Warner Bros. Records and debut at No. 28 on the US Billboard Rock Airplay charts before peaking at No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock charts in the following weeks. Shortly after the single's release, the band revealed their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party. The album was produced by Shinoda and Delson, who wanted to explore musical elements from Hybrid Theory and the band's earlier material. Shinoda commented the album is a \"90s style of rock record\". He elaborated, \"It's a rock record. It's loud and it's rock, but not in the sense of what you've heard before, which is more like '90s hardcore-punk-thrash.' The album includes musical contributions from rapper Rakim, Page Hamilton of Helmet, Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, and Daron Malakian of System of a Down. The Hunting Party was released on June 13, 2014, in most countries, and later released in the United States on June 17. Linkin Park performed at Download Festival on June 14, 2014, where they played their debut album, Hybrid Theory, in its entirety. Linkin Park headlined Rock am Ring and Rock im Park in 2014, along with Metallica, Kings of Leon, and Iron Maiden. They also headlined with Iron Maiden again at the Greenfield Festival in July.", "The Hunting Party Tour The Hunting Party Tour was the eleventh concert tour by American rock band Linkin Park. It was launched in support of Linkin Park's sixth studio album, \"The Hunting Party\" (2014). The tour was partially announced in May 2014 through a teaser released after the release of trailer of a co-headlined tour \"Carnivores Tour\" by Linkin Park and Thirty Seconds to Mars. Later, the tour was officially announced on November 23 with a whole trailer in promotion. Its first leg under the name \"European Tour\" began on May 30, 2014, in Lisboa, Portugal, and ended on June 14 in Castle Donington, England, where they played \"Hybrid Theory\" as a whole album. The tour features special guests Of Mice & Men and Rise Against. On January 15, 2015, the band begun the \"world\" tour for The Hunting Party with the first leg under \"North American Tour\". During a show at Indianapolis, Chester Bennington injured his leg, which led to the cancellation of the tour \"North American Tour\". The band continued the world tour on May 9, performing at the first edition of Rock In Rio in America. It is the last full album tour to feature Chester Bennington as vocalist before his death in 2017. Rumors of a tour from Linkin Park first circulated after the release of the trailer for the Carnivorous Tour. The tour's first leg was in Europe where the band played nine shows. The leg had a duration of sixteen days. The tour began with the \"Rock In Rio\" show in Lisboa. And later the tour took a break after the \"Download Festival\" where the band played Hybrid Theory as a whole album together for the first time. The first leg included shows like Rock in Rio, Rock am Ring, Rock im Park, Alfa Romeo City Sound, Greenfield and Download Festival.", "During the early 2000s, the nu metal band Incubus was very popular and made the albums \"Make Yourself\" and \"Morning View\", which both were certified 2x platinum by the RIAA. Late in 2000, Linkin Park released their debut album \"Hybrid Theory\", which was the best-selling debut album by any artist of any genre in the 21st century. The album was also the best-selling album of 2001, selling more than albums such as \"Celebrity\" by NSYNC and \"Hot Shot\" by Shaggy. Linkin Park earned a Grammy Award for their second single \"Crawling\". Their fourth single, \"In the End\", was released late in 2001 and peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in March 2002. In 2001, Linkin Park's album \"Hybrid Theory\" sold 4,800,000 copies in the United States, making it the highest-selling album of the year. Linkin Park's album \"Hybrid Theory\" was certified diamond by the RIAA and sold at least 10,222,000 copies in the United States. In 2000, Godsmack released their second studio album \"Awake\", which was certified 2x platinum in March 2002. The album's title track peaked at number 1 on the Mainstream Rock chart. Both the album's title track and the song \"Sick of Life\" have been featured on the United States Navy's television commercials. Crazy Town's debut album \" The Gift of Game\" peaked at number 9 on the \"Billboard\" 200, went platinum in February 2001, and sold at least 1,500,000 copies in the United States. Worldwide, the album sold at least 2,500,000 copies.", "It was ranked number 11 on \"Billboard\"'s \"200 Albums of the Decade\". A special edition of \"Hybrid Theory\" was released March 11, 2002, a year and a half after its original pressing. Linkin Park performed the album in its entirety at the Download Festival on June 14, 2014 and on August 12, 2014 it was released as a live CD titled \"Hybrid Theory: Live at Download Festival 2014\". Linkin Park was founded in 1996 as the rap rock band Xero: lead guitarist Brad Delson, vocalist and rhythm guitarist Mike Shinoda, drummer Rob Bourdon, turntablist Joe Hahn, lead vocalist Mark Wakefield and bassist Dave Farrell (who subsequently left to tour with Tasty Snax). In 1999, after Wakefield's departure, lead vocalist Chester Bennington joined the five members of Xero and the band was renamed Linkin Park. Bennington's previous band, Grey Daze, had recently disbanded, so his lawyer recommended him to Jeff Blue, vice president of A&R coordination for Zomba, who at the time was seeking a lead vocalist for Xero. Blue sent Bennington two tapes of Xero's unreleased recordings \u2014 one with vocals by former Xero member Mark Wakefield, and the other with only the instrumental tracks \u2014 asking for his \"interpretation of the songs\". Bennington wrote and recorded new vocals over the instrumentals and sent the tapes back to Blue. As Delson recalls, \"[Bennington] really was kind of the final piece of the puzzle [...] We didn't see anything close to his talent in anybody else.\" After Bennington joined, the group first renamed itself to Hybrid Theory and released a self-titled EP. Legal complications with Welsh electronic music group Hybrid prompted a second name change, thus deciding on \"Linkin Park\".", "Linkin Park has sold more than 70 million records. The group's first studio album Hybrid Theory is one of the best-selling albums in the US (10 million copies shipped) and worldwide (27 million copies sold). Billboard estimates that Linkin Park earned US$5 million between May 2011 and May 2012, making them the 40th-highest-paid musical artist. 11 of the band's singles have reached the number one position on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart, the second-most for any artist. In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth-greatest band of the music video era and the third-best of the new millennium. Billboard ranked Linkin Park No. 19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart. The band was recently voted as the greatest artist of the 2000s in a Bracket Madness poll on VH1. In 2014, the band was declared as the Biggest Rock Band in the World Right Now by Kerrang!. In 2015, Kerrang! gave \"In the End\" and \"Final Masquerade\" the top two positions on Kerrang! 's Rock 100 list. Linkin Park became the first rock band to achieve more than one billion YouTube hits. Linkin Park also became the fifteenth most liked page on Facebook, tenth most liked artist, and most liked group followed by the Black Eyed Peas. Linkin Park's \"Numb\" is the third and \"In the End\" is the sixth \"timeless song\" on Spotify. The two songs making Linkin Park the only artist to have two timeless songs in top ten. Hybrid Theory by the group is listed in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, It was also ranked at #11 on Billboard's Hot 200 Albums of the Decade."], "answer": {"text": "\"Guilty All the Same\"", "answer_start": 190}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many sales have there been for The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there any other note worthy information in the article about The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "Revolver ranked The Hunting Party as the fourth best album of 2014.", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was The Hunting Party ranked by any other big names?", "answer": {"text": "Shinoda", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they have any other large albums?", "answer": {"text": "their debut album, Hybrid Theory,", "answer_start": 1286, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdbec5e3a1604028b1bf73d533898f86_1_q#7", "question": "What was Guilty All the Same ranked in the charts?", "rewrite": "What was Guilty All the Same ranked in the charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Anime News Network's Carlo Santos criticises the manga for its lack of depth. \"Boku no Hatsukoi o Kimi ni Sasagu\" received the Shogakukan Manga Award for sh\u014djo manga in 2008. The seventh volume of \"Boku no Hatsukoi o Kimi ni Sasagu\" was ranked 5th on the Tohan charts between April 25 and May 1, 2007. The eighth volume was ranked 5th on the Tohan charts between July 24 to 30, 2007. The ninth volume was ranked 3rd on the Tohan charts between October 30 and November 5, 2007. The tenth volume was ranked 5th on the Tohan charts between January 22 to 28, 2008 and 1st between January 29 and February 4, 2008. The eleventh volume was ranked 5th on the Tohan charts between April 22 to 28, 2008 and 4th between April 29 and March 5, 2008. The twelve volume was ranked 4th on the Tohan charts between August 26 and September 1, 2008.", "The series is licensed for an English language release in North America by Viz Media. The manga is also licensed in France by Panini Comics. The tenth volume of \"B.O.D.Y.\" was ranked 4th on the Tohan charts between June 26 and July 16, 2007. The eleventh volume of \"B.O.D.Y.\" was ranked 8th on the Tohan charts between October 30 and November 5, 2007. The twelfth volume of \"B.O.D.Y.\" was ranked 7th on the Tohan charts between February 26 and March 3, 2008. The thirteenth volume of \"B.O.D.Y.\" was ranked 9th on the Tohan charts between 24th and 30 June 2008 and 10th on the Tohan charts between the 1st and 7 July 2008. The fourteenth volume of \"B.O.D.Y.\" ranked 9th on the Tohan charts between October 28 and November 3. About.com's Deb Aoki criticised the series for using \"numerous plot clich\u00e9s\". Manga Life's Ysabet Reinhardt MacFarlane commends the second volume of the manga for its \"attractive\" artwork. A review of the third volume by MacFarlane comments that she is frustrated that \"how often things revolve around misunderstandings that could be cleared up in about two minutes if the characters really sat and talked, or made a real attempt to figure how the other person might be feeling, but that's hardly unique to this series, or even to this genre (sh\u014djo manga). \" MacFarlane criticizes the fifth volume for being \"one endless round of \"oh, I can't possibly tell him the truth because OMG he'll hate me forever, so instead I'll complicate our lives immeasurably!\"", "As a result, \"Guilty\" debuted at number two on the Japanese Weekly Oricon Albums Chart, with an estimate 432,000 sold units in its first two week of sales. This became Hamasaki's first studio album to miss the top spot in Japan, and remained this position until her 2012 album \"Party Queen\". It did however become Hamasaki's ninth consecutive studio album to debut atop the daily chart. It also became the fifth highest selling album by a female artist for first week sales of 2010. It stayed at number two for two consecutive weeks, shifting an extra 72,027 units by its third week in Japan. It stayed in the top 10 for three weeks, and the top 300 with 16 weeks overall. \"Guilty\" entered the Billboard Top Albums Sales Chart at number three, her first album to chart on the Billboard charts since its establishment the same year. It slipped to number five in its second charting week, and stayed in the top ten for two weeks. It lasted eight weeks in the top 100 chart, with a final charting position at 80. \" Guilty\" was certified double platinum in February 2008 by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ) for shipments of 500,000 units. This is Hamasaki's final album to shift over 500,000 physical units. At the end of 2008, \"Guilty\" sold over 568,288 units in Japan; this ranked the sixth best selling album by a female artist, just behind entries from Japanese singers Ayaka, Kumi Koda, Mariya Takeuchi, Hikaru Utada, and Namie Amuro. Hamasaki's compilation \"A Complete : All Singles\" was also ranked that same year, placed third behind Utada and Amuro's entries. \" Guilty\" took the top spot on the Taiwanese East Asian Albums Chart, and two on the overall Taiwanese Albums Chart.", "She has collaborated with ASCAP Pop Award and two-time Grammy Award-nominated songwriter and producer Tommy Faragher, Grammy Award-nominated house musician Todd Terry, Grammy Award-nominated electronic music producers Sultan & Ned Shepard, Grammy Award-nominated DJ Joachim Garraud, Grammy Award-nominated producer and DJ Stonebridge, Grammy Award-winner musician Dave Aud\u00e9, and American vocalist Chris Willis. Her singles have consistently ranked on dance and club charts nationally and internationally. These include Out of Nowhere, a collaboration with StoneBridge, which ranked in the top 30 most played songs on US dance radio in 2015, Your Love with Kid Kenobi and Justin Hunter which ranked No. 3 on the ARIA Club Charts for six consecutive weeks, ranked No. 2 on the Kiss FM Charts, and was played on Rage and Channel V; Get What You Give with Alex Kenji and Manuel De La Mare (Spinnin' Records) which ranked No. 17 on the Progressive house chart on Beatport; Promise Me which ranked No. 1 on Track It Down for over four weeks and in the Top 10 on Beatport; Like A Flame which was released in July 2015 with Todd Terry and was featured on in House Sessions in Ibiza; Teardrop with Sydney Blu which ranked No. 13 on DMC World Magazine's Buzz Chart, ranked in Top 40 on ITunes Dance Charts, and was featured on the album Relentless which ranked in the top 20 on Beatport and in the top 40 on the ITunes Dance Charts ; I Need A Miracle which ranked No. 4 on Juno Downloads; Can You Feel Me (Universal Music) which ranked No. 5 on the Australian radio charts and was featured on Pump It: Volume 4 compilation which ranked No. 3 on the ARIA Charts", "Billboard charts The \"Billboard\" charts tabulate the relative weekly popularity of songs and albums in the United States and elsewhere. The results are published in \"Billboard\" magazine. \" Billboard\" biz, the online extension of the \"Billboard\" charts, provides additional weekly charts. There are also Year End charts. The charts may be dedicated to specific genre such as R&B, country or rock, or they may cover all genres. The charts can be ranked according to sales, streams or airplay, and for main song charts such as the Hot 100 song chart, all three pools of data are used to compile the charts. For the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart, streams and track sales are included in addition to album sales. The weekly sales and streams charts are monitored on a Friday-to-Thursday cycle since July 2015, previously it was on a Monday-to-Sunday cycle. Radio airplay song charts however follows the Monday to Sunday cycle (previously Wednesday to Tuesday). The charts are released each Tuesday with an issue date the following Saturday, four days later. On January 4, 1936, \"Billboard\" magazine published its first music hit parade. The first Music Popularity Chart was calculated in July 1940. A variety of song charts followed, which were eventually consolidated into the Hot 100 by mid-1958. The Hot 100 currently combines single sales, radio airplay, digital downloads, and streaming activity (including data from YouTube and other video sites). All of the \"Billboard\" charts use this basic formula. What separates the charts is which stations and stores are used; each musical genre has a core audience or retail group. Each genre's department at \"Billboard\" is headed up by a chart manager, who makes these determinations. For many years, a song had to be commercially available as a single to be considered for any of the \"Billboard\" charts."], "answer": {"text": "Records and debut at No. 28 on the US Billboard Rock Airplay charts before peaking at No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock charts", "answer_start": 312}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is \"The Hunting Party\"?", "answer": {"text": "their sixth album would be titled The Hunting Party.", "answer_start": 512, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many tracks are on The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many sales have there been for The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there any other note worthy information in the article about The Hunting Party?", "answer": {"text": "Revolver ranked The Hunting Party as the fourth best album of 2014.", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was The Hunting Party ranked by any other big names?", "answer": {"text": "Shinoda", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they have any other large albums?", "answer": {"text": "their debut album, Hybrid Theory,", "answer_start": 1286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are other albums by Linkin Park?", "answer": {"text": "\"Guilty All the Same\"", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5345e6fea64446a086979d2e579c14e3_0_q#0", "question": "What happened to Sachin Tendulkar during the tour of Australia?", "rewrite": "What happened to Sachin Tendulkar during the tour of Australia?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ramesh Tendulkar Ramesh Tendulkar (born 1934) was a well-known Marathi novelist. He was the father of famous cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Ramesh Tendulkar was born in Alibag a Town near Mumbai. He used to live at Thikrul Naka, Alibag. He Completed His Primary and Secondary Education from Konkan Education Society Alibag, He went to Mumbai For completing his higher Education. After completing his education,Tendulkar was a professor at Kirti College, Prabhadevi, in the \u201960s. Tendulkar published many collections. The following is a partial list of them. Father's poetic tribute to the greatest player... Sachin Tendulkar, poem for Sachin. Ramesh Tendulkar died, on 19 May 1999, after a massive heart attack at the age of 65.", "Playing It My Way Playing It My Way is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. It was launched on 5 November 2014 in Mumbai. The book summarises Tendulkar's early days, his 24 years of international career and aspects of his life that have not been shared publicly. It entered the \"Limca Book of Records\" for being the best selling adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories. In India, it broke the record set by Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs for being the most pre-ordered biographical book. In the book, Sachin Tendulkar mentioned that just months before the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Greg Chappell, then the coach of the Indian cricket team, visited Tendulkar at his home and suggested that he should take over the captaincy from Rahul Dravid, then the team captain. Chappell however denied this, stating that he never contemplated Tendulkar replacing Dravid as captain. Tendulkar also mentioned in the book that John Wright \"took over as coach of India in 2005\", when Wright actually took over five years earlier, and got many scorecards wrong. Sachin Tendulkar\u2019s autobiography \"Playing It My Way\" published by Hachette India was released on Nov 6, 2014 and broke all records for an adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories with 1,50,290 copies confirmed on order subscriptions. The book\u2019s orders, on day one, already saw it pulling ahead of both pre-order and lifetime sales of the world\u2019s top adult hardbacks. It was entered in the \"Limca Book of Records\" for 2016.", "Sachin (film) Sachin is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Santhosh Nair and written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya. It stars Dhyan Sreenivasan, Aju Varghese, Hareesh Kanaran, Renji Panicker, Ramesh Pisharody, Appani Sarath, Maniyanpilla Raju, Anna Rajan, Maala Parvati, Aabid Nassar, Reshmi Boban and Sethu Lakshmi. Sachin is a romance film in the backdrop of cricket. The story revolves around a boy who born on the auspicious day when cricketer Sachin Tendulkar hit century. After watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan (Raju) got excited and named his son as Sachin. The film was released on 19 July 2019. Sachin (Dhyan Sreenivasan) is born on an auspicious day when the nation celebrated Sachin Tendulkar. Excited after watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan promptly named his new born son \"Sachin\". Sachin too played cricket while growing up and his love for Sachin Tendulkar was unflinching. Meanwhile, Sachin falls in love with Anjali (Anna Rajan), a village damsel who is four years elder to him. (it can be recalled that Anjali, wife of Sachin Tendulkar too is elder than him) Later on, trouble brew in and their wedding get cancelled. how Sachin resolve the issues forms the rest of the story. \"Sachin\" is directed by Santhosh Nair, written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya and produced by Jude Agnel Sudhir and Juby Ninan under the banner JJ Productions. Cinematographer is Neil D'Cunha, editor is Ranjan Abhraham. \"", "List of international cricket centuries by Sachin Tendulkar Sachin Tendulkar is a retired Indian cricketer. Widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of his generation, he is the most prolific run-scorer in international cricket. Tendulkar has scored the highest number of centuries (100 or more runs) in Test matches and One Day International (ODI) matches organised by the International Cricket Council. His total of 51 centuries in Test matches and 49 in ODIs are world records for highest number of centuries by a batsman. He became the first and only cricketer to score 100 international centuries when he made 114 against Bangladesh in March 2012. After making his Test debut in 1989, Tendulkar achieved his first century against England at Old Trafford, Manchester in 1990; he made 119 not out. In Test matches, Tendulkar has scored centuries against all the Test cricket playing nations, and is the second batsman to score 150 against each of them. He has scored a century in at least one cricket ground of all Test cricket playing nations, except Zimbabwe. In October 2010, Tendulkar went past Brian Lara's record of 19 scores of 150 or more by hitting his 20th against Australia in Bangalore. He made his highest score in 2004, when he made 248 not out against Bangladesh at the Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka. Tendulkar has scored six double centuries and remained unbeaten on 15 occasions. His centuries have come in 30 different cricket grounds, with 27 of them being scored in venues outside India. Tendulkar has been dismissed nine times between scores of 90 and 99. Although Tendulkar made his ODI debut in 1989 it was only after five years he made his first century in the format. He made 110 against Australia in the third match of the Singer World Series at the R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo in September 1994. In ODIs, Tendulkar has scored centuries against 11 different opponents.", "He feared for his life but was eventually rescued by Bangladesh Police. During the World Cup, Sudhir sported a kooky crown - a replica World Cup trophy. Sudhir's crowning moment came on April 2, 2011, the day India defeated Sri Lanka in the final at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, to become the world champions. Sachin Tendulkar himself signaled Sudhir who was sitting among the cheering Indian fans, to come to the Indian dressing room and join the team's celebrations. Tendulkar asked Zaheer Khan to bring the World Cup over. Tendulkar shook hands with Sudhir Gautam, hugged him and finally let him lift the cup from Zaheer\u2019s hands. Tendulkar allowed Sudhir to hold the World Cup along with him and Sudhir celebrated the occasion by posing for photographs. Sudhir chanted \u2019India\u2019 as he lifted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 trophy. In March 2010, a Senior Police officer intercepted and thrashed Sudhir Kumar in Kanpur, when he tried to shake hands with Sachin Tendulkar during a practice session. Later, after Tendulkar's intervention and request he was let off, and the police officer tendered an apology to Sudhir Kumar, repenting the event. Sudhir Kumar stopped the practice of scaling fences to reach the team to celebrate a win, only after Tendulkar advised against such practice. After this incident, the BCCI has sponsored Sudhir Kumar for every match. Sudhir Choudhary was born in a very poor family in a semi-rural place of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. He became obsessed with Indian cricket and a fan of Sachin Tendulkar at the age of 6. He left his studies at the age of 14 when he was in his secondary school."], "answer": {"text": "The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003-04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5345e6fea64446a086979d2e579c14e3_0_q#1", "question": "How did Tendulkar play?", "rewrite": "How did Sachin Tendulkar in the 2003 Tour of Australia?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He feared for his life but was eventually rescued by Bangladesh Police. During the World Cup, Sudhir sported a kooky crown - a replica World Cup trophy. Sudhir's crowning moment came on April 2, 2011, the day India defeated Sri Lanka in the final at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, to become the world champions. Sachin Tendulkar himself signaled Sudhir who was sitting among the cheering Indian fans, to come to the Indian dressing room and join the team's celebrations. Tendulkar asked Zaheer Khan to bring the World Cup over. Tendulkar shook hands with Sudhir Gautam, hugged him and finally let him lift the cup from Zaheer\u2019s hands. Tendulkar allowed Sudhir to hold the World Cup along with him and Sudhir celebrated the occasion by posing for photographs. Sudhir chanted \u2019India\u2019 as he lifted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 trophy. In March 2010, a Senior Police officer intercepted and thrashed Sudhir Kumar in Kanpur, when he tried to shake hands with Sachin Tendulkar during a practice session. Later, after Tendulkar's intervention and request he was let off, and the police officer tendered an apology to Sudhir Kumar, repenting the event. Sudhir Kumar stopped the practice of scaling fences to reach the team to celebrate a win, only after Tendulkar advised against such practice. After this incident, the BCCI has sponsored Sudhir Kumar for every match. Sudhir Choudhary was born in a very poor family in a semi-rural place of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. He became obsessed with Indian cricket and a fan of Sachin Tendulkar at the age of 6. He left his studies at the age of 14 when he was in his secondary school.", "Ramesh Tendulkar Ramesh Tendulkar (born 1934) was a well-known Marathi novelist. He was the father of famous cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Ramesh Tendulkar was born in Alibag a Town near Mumbai. He used to live at Thikrul Naka, Alibag. He Completed His Primary and Secondary Education from Konkan Education Society Alibag, He went to Mumbai For completing his higher Education. After completing his education,Tendulkar was a professor at Kirti College, Prabhadevi, in the \u201960s. Tendulkar published many collections. The following is a partial list of them. Father's poetic tribute to the greatest player... Sachin Tendulkar, poem for Sachin. Ramesh Tendulkar died, on 19 May 1999, after a massive heart attack at the age of 65.", "List of international cricket centuries by Sachin Tendulkar Sachin Tendulkar is a retired Indian cricketer. Widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of his generation, he is the most prolific run-scorer in international cricket. Tendulkar has scored the highest number of centuries (100 or more runs) in Test matches and One Day International (ODI) matches organised by the International Cricket Council. His total of 51 centuries in Test matches and 49 in ODIs are world records for highest number of centuries by a batsman. He became the first and only cricketer to score 100 international centuries when he made 114 against Bangladesh in March 2012. After making his Test debut in 1989, Tendulkar achieved his first century against England at Old Trafford, Manchester in 1990; he made 119 not out. In Test matches, Tendulkar has scored centuries against all the Test cricket playing nations, and is the second batsman to score 150 against each of them. He has scored a century in at least one cricket ground of all Test cricket playing nations, except Zimbabwe. In October 2010, Tendulkar went past Brian Lara's record of 19 scores of 150 or more by hitting his 20th against Australia in Bangalore. He made his highest score in 2004, when he made 248 not out against Bangladesh at the Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka. Tendulkar has scored six double centuries and remained unbeaten on 15 occasions. His centuries have come in 30 different cricket grounds, with 27 of them being scored in venues outside India. Tendulkar has been dismissed nine times between scores of 90 and 99. Although Tendulkar made his ODI debut in 1989 it was only after five years he made his first century in the format. He made 110 against Australia in the third match of the Singer World Series at the R. Premadasa Stadium, Colombo in September 1994. In ODIs, Tendulkar has scored centuries against 11 different opponents.", "Sachin (film) Sachin is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Santhosh Nair and written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya. It stars Dhyan Sreenivasan, Aju Varghese, Hareesh Kanaran, Renji Panicker, Ramesh Pisharody, Appani Sarath, Maniyanpilla Raju, Anna Rajan, Maala Parvati, Aabid Nassar, Reshmi Boban and Sethu Lakshmi. Sachin is a romance film in the backdrop of cricket. The story revolves around a boy who born on the auspicious day when cricketer Sachin Tendulkar hit century. After watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan (Raju) got excited and named his son as Sachin. The film was released on 19 July 2019. Sachin (Dhyan Sreenivasan) is born on an auspicious day when the nation celebrated Sachin Tendulkar. Excited after watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan promptly named his new born son \"Sachin\". Sachin too played cricket while growing up and his love for Sachin Tendulkar was unflinching. Meanwhile, Sachin falls in love with Anjali (Anna Rajan), a village damsel who is four years elder to him. (it can be recalled that Anjali, wife of Sachin Tendulkar too is elder than him) Later on, trouble brew in and their wedding get cancelled. how Sachin resolve the issues forms the rest of the story. \"Sachin\" is directed by Santhosh Nair, written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya and produced by Jude Agnel Sudhir and Juby Ninan under the banner JJ Productions. Cinematographer is Neil D'Cunha, editor is Ranjan Abhraham. \"", "Playing It My Way Playing It My Way is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. It was launched on 5 November 2014 in Mumbai. The book summarises Tendulkar's early days, his 24 years of international career and aspects of his life that have not been shared publicly. It entered the \"Limca Book of Records\" for being the best selling adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories. In India, it broke the record set by Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs for being the most pre-ordered biographical book. In the book, Sachin Tendulkar mentioned that just months before the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Greg Chappell, then the coach of the Indian cricket team, visited Tendulkar at his home and suggested that he should take over the captaincy from Rahul Dravid, then the team captain. Chappell however denied this, stating that he never contemplated Tendulkar replacing Dravid as captain. Tendulkar also mentioned in the book that John Wright \"took over as coach of India in 2005\", when Wright actually took over five years earlier, and got many scorecards wrong. Sachin Tendulkar\u2019s autobiography \"Playing It My Way\" published by Hachette India was released on Nov 6, 2014 and broke all records for an adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories with 1,50,290 copies confirmed on order subscriptions. The book\u2019s orders, on day one, already saw it pulling ahead of both pre-order and lifetime sales of the world\u2019s top adult hardbacks. It was entered in the \"Limca Book of Records\" for 2016."], "answer": {"text": "with 241 not out from 436 ball by 33 four at strike rate of 55.27 in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position.", "answer_start": 116}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Sachin Tendulkar during the tour of Australia?", "answer": {"text": "The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003-04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5345e6fea64446a086979d2e579c14e3_0_q#2", "question": "How many games did they win during this time?", "rewrite": "How many games did Sachin Tendulkar win during 2003?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sachin! Tendulkar Alla Sachin! Tendulkar Alla (English: Not Sachin Tendulkar) is a 2014 Indian Kannada film featuring Master Snehith, cricketers Javagal Srinath and Venkatesh Prasad, Suhasini Maniratnam and Sudharani. Directed by Mohan Shankar and produced by BN Gangadhar. This film is a non-commercial entertainer. Master Snehith plays the autistic boy who struggles to make it big in cricket. Suhasini Maniratnam plays his sister and Sudharani plays an important role. Rajesh Ramanath has composed the music. BN Gangadhar is the Producer of \"Sachin! Tendulkar Alla\". The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as \"Sachin Tendulkar Kaadhu\" in 2015.", "Ramesh Tendulkar Ramesh Tendulkar (born 1934) was a well-known Marathi novelist. He was the father of famous cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Ramesh Tendulkar was born in Alibag a Town near Mumbai. He used to live at Thikrul Naka, Alibag. He Completed His Primary and Secondary Education from Konkan Education Society Alibag, He went to Mumbai For completing his higher Education. After completing his education,Tendulkar was a professor at Kirti College, Prabhadevi, in the \u201960s. Tendulkar published many collections. The following is a partial list of them. Father's poetic tribute to the greatest player... Sachin Tendulkar, poem for Sachin. Ramesh Tendulkar died, on 19 May 1999, after a massive heart attack at the age of 65.", "Sachin (film) Sachin is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Santhosh Nair and written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya. It stars Dhyan Sreenivasan, Aju Varghese, Hareesh Kanaran, Renji Panicker, Ramesh Pisharody, Appani Sarath, Maniyanpilla Raju, Anna Rajan, Maala Parvati, Aabid Nassar, Reshmi Boban and Sethu Lakshmi. Sachin is a romance film in the backdrop of cricket. The story revolves around a boy who born on the auspicious day when cricketer Sachin Tendulkar hit century. After watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan (Raju) got excited and named his son as Sachin. The film was released on 19 July 2019. Sachin (Dhyan Sreenivasan) is born on an auspicious day when the nation celebrated Sachin Tendulkar. Excited after watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan promptly named his new born son \"Sachin\". Sachin too played cricket while growing up and his love for Sachin Tendulkar was unflinching. Meanwhile, Sachin falls in love with Anjali (Anna Rajan), a village damsel who is four years elder to him. (it can be recalled that Anjali, wife of Sachin Tendulkar too is elder than him) Later on, trouble brew in and their wedding get cancelled. how Sachin resolve the issues forms the rest of the story. \"Sachin\" is directed by Santhosh Nair, written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya and produced by Jude Agnel Sudhir and Juby Ninan under the banner JJ Productions. Cinematographer is Neil D'Cunha, editor is Ranjan Abhraham. \"", "Playing It My Way Playing It My Way is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. It was launched on 5 November 2014 in Mumbai. The book summarises Tendulkar's early days, his 24 years of international career and aspects of his life that have not been shared publicly. It entered the \"Limca Book of Records\" for being the best selling adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories. In India, it broke the record set by Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs for being the most pre-ordered biographical book. In the book, Sachin Tendulkar mentioned that just months before the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Greg Chappell, then the coach of the Indian cricket team, visited Tendulkar at his home and suggested that he should take over the captaincy from Rahul Dravid, then the team captain. Chappell however denied this, stating that he never contemplated Tendulkar replacing Dravid as captain. Tendulkar also mentioned in the book that John Wright \"took over as coach of India in 2005\", when Wright actually took over five years earlier, and got many scorecards wrong. Sachin Tendulkar\u2019s autobiography \"Playing It My Way\" published by Hachette India was released on Nov 6, 2014 and broke all records for an adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories with 1,50,290 copies confirmed on order subscriptions. The book\u2019s orders, on day one, already saw it pulling ahead of both pre-order and lifetime sales of the world\u2019s top adult hardbacks. It was entered in the \"Limca Book of Records\" for 2016.", "He feared for his life but was eventually rescued by Bangladesh Police. During the World Cup, Sudhir sported a kooky crown - a replica World Cup trophy. Sudhir's crowning moment came on April 2, 2011, the day India defeated Sri Lanka in the final at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, to become the world champions. Sachin Tendulkar himself signaled Sudhir who was sitting among the cheering Indian fans, to come to the Indian dressing room and join the team's celebrations. Tendulkar asked Zaheer Khan to bring the World Cup over. Tendulkar shook hands with Sudhir Gautam, hugged him and finally let him lift the cup from Zaheer\u2019s hands. Tendulkar allowed Sudhir to hold the World Cup along with him and Sudhir celebrated the occasion by posing for photographs. Sudhir chanted \u2019India\u2019 as he lifted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 trophy. In March 2010, a Senior Police officer intercepted and thrashed Sudhir Kumar in Kanpur, when he tried to shake hands with Sachin Tendulkar during a practice session. Later, after Tendulkar's intervention and request he was let off, and the police officer tendered an apology to Sudhir Kumar, repenting the event. Sudhir Kumar stopped the practice of scaling fences to reach the team to celebrate a win, only after Tendulkar advised against such practice. After this incident, the BCCI has sponsored Sudhir Kumar for every match. Sudhir Choudhary was born in a very poor family in a semi-rural place of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. He became obsessed with Indian cricket and a fan of Sachin Tendulkar at the age of 6. He left his studies at the age of 14 when he was in his secondary school."], "answer": {"text": "Tests. It was no aberration that 2003 was his worst year in Test cricket, with an average of 17.25 and just one fifty.", "answer_start": 519}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Sachin Tendulkar during the tour of Australia?", "answer": {"text": "The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003-04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Tendulkar play?", "answer": {"text": "with 241 not out from 436 ball by 33 four at strike rate of 55.27 in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position.", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5345e6fea64446a086979d2e579c14e3_0_q#3", "question": "Was this Tendulkars last year of play?", "rewrite": "Was 2003 Sachin Tendulkar's last year of play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Playing It My Way Playing It My Way is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. It was launched on 5 November 2014 in Mumbai. The book summarises Tendulkar's early days, his 24 years of international career and aspects of his life that have not been shared publicly. It entered the \"Limca Book of Records\" for being the best selling adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories. In India, it broke the record set by Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs for being the most pre-ordered biographical book. In the book, Sachin Tendulkar mentioned that just months before the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Greg Chappell, then the coach of the Indian cricket team, visited Tendulkar at his home and suggested that he should take over the captaincy from Rahul Dravid, then the team captain. Chappell however denied this, stating that he never contemplated Tendulkar replacing Dravid as captain. Tendulkar also mentioned in the book that John Wright \"took over as coach of India in 2005\", when Wright actually took over five years earlier, and got many scorecards wrong. Sachin Tendulkar\u2019s autobiography \"Playing It My Way\" published by Hachette India was released on Nov 6, 2014 and broke all records for an adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories with 1,50,290 copies confirmed on order subscriptions. The book\u2019s orders, on day one, already saw it pulling ahead of both pre-order and lifetime sales of the world\u2019s top adult hardbacks. It was entered in the \"Limca Book of Records\" for 2016.", "Sachin! Tendulkar Alla Sachin! Tendulkar Alla (English: Not Sachin Tendulkar) is a 2014 Indian Kannada film featuring Master Snehith, cricketers Javagal Srinath and Venkatesh Prasad, Suhasini Maniratnam and Sudharani. Directed by Mohan Shankar and produced by BN Gangadhar. This film is a non-commercial entertainer. Master Snehith plays the autistic boy who struggles to make it big in cricket. Suhasini Maniratnam plays his sister and Sudharani plays an important role. Rajesh Ramanath has composed the music. BN Gangadhar is the Producer of \"Sachin! Tendulkar Alla\". The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as \"Sachin Tendulkar Kaadhu\" in 2015.", "He feared for his life but was eventually rescued by Bangladesh Police. During the World Cup, Sudhir sported a kooky crown - a replica World Cup trophy. Sudhir's crowning moment came on April 2, 2011, the day India defeated Sri Lanka in the final at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, to become the world champions. Sachin Tendulkar himself signaled Sudhir who was sitting among the cheering Indian fans, to come to the Indian dressing room and join the team's celebrations. Tendulkar asked Zaheer Khan to bring the World Cup over. Tendulkar shook hands with Sudhir Gautam, hugged him and finally let him lift the cup from Zaheer\u2019s hands. Tendulkar allowed Sudhir to hold the World Cup along with him and Sudhir celebrated the occasion by posing for photographs. Sudhir chanted \u2019India\u2019 as he lifted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 trophy. In March 2010, a Senior Police officer intercepted and thrashed Sudhir Kumar in Kanpur, when he tried to shake hands with Sachin Tendulkar during a practice session. Later, after Tendulkar's intervention and request he was let off, and the police officer tendered an apology to Sudhir Kumar, repenting the event. Sudhir Kumar stopped the practice of scaling fences to reach the team to celebrate a win, only after Tendulkar advised against such practice. After this incident, the BCCI has sponsored Sudhir Kumar for every match. Sudhir Choudhary was born in a very poor family in a semi-rural place of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. He became obsessed with Indian cricket and a fan of Sachin Tendulkar at the age of 6. He left his studies at the age of 14 when he was in his secondary school.", "Ramesh Tendulkar Ramesh Tendulkar (born 1934) was a well-known Marathi novelist. He was the father of famous cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Ramesh Tendulkar was born in Alibag a Town near Mumbai. He used to live at Thikrul Naka, Alibag. He Completed His Primary and Secondary Education from Konkan Education Society Alibag, He went to Mumbai For completing his higher Education. After completing his education,Tendulkar was a professor at Kirti College, Prabhadevi, in the \u201960s. Tendulkar published many collections. The following is a partial list of them. Father's poetic tribute to the greatest player... Sachin Tendulkar, poem for Sachin. Ramesh Tendulkar died, on 19 May 1999, after a massive heart attack at the age of 65.", "Sachin (film) Sachin is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Santhosh Nair and written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya. It stars Dhyan Sreenivasan, Aju Varghese, Hareesh Kanaran, Renji Panicker, Ramesh Pisharody, Appani Sarath, Maniyanpilla Raju, Anna Rajan, Maala Parvati, Aabid Nassar, Reshmi Boban and Sethu Lakshmi. Sachin is a romance film in the backdrop of cricket. The story revolves around a boy who born on the auspicious day when cricketer Sachin Tendulkar hit century. After watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan (Raju) got excited and named his son as Sachin. The film was released on 19 July 2019. Sachin (Dhyan Sreenivasan) is born on an auspicious day when the nation celebrated Sachin Tendulkar. Excited after watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan promptly named his new born son \"Sachin\". Sachin too played cricket while growing up and his love for Sachin Tendulkar was unflinching. Meanwhile, Sachin falls in love with Anjali (Anna Rajan), a village damsel who is four years elder to him. (it can be recalled that Anjali, wife of Sachin Tendulkar too is elder than him) Later on, trouble brew in and their wedding get cancelled. how Sachin resolve the issues forms the rest of the story. \"Sachin\" is directed by Santhosh Nair, written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya and produced by Jude Agnel Sudhir and Juby Ninan under the banner JJ Productions. Cinematographer is Neil D'Cunha, editor is Ranjan Abhraham. \""], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Sachin Tendulkar during the tour of Australia?", "answer": {"text": "The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003-04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Tendulkar play?", "answer": {"text": "with 241 not out from 436 ball by 33 four at strike rate of 55.27 in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position.", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did they win during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Tests. It was no aberration that 2003 was his worst year in Test cricket, with an average of 17.25 and just one fifty.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5345e6fea64446a086979d2e579c14e3_0_q#4", "question": "Did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Sachin Tendulkar win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["He feared for his life but was eventually rescued by Bangladesh Police. During the World Cup, Sudhir sported a kooky crown - a replica World Cup trophy. Sudhir's crowning moment came on April 2, 2011, the day India defeated Sri Lanka in the final at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, to become the world champions. Sachin Tendulkar himself signaled Sudhir who was sitting among the cheering Indian fans, to come to the Indian dressing room and join the team's celebrations. Tendulkar asked Zaheer Khan to bring the World Cup over. Tendulkar shook hands with Sudhir Gautam, hugged him and finally let him lift the cup from Zaheer\u2019s hands. Tendulkar allowed Sudhir to hold the World Cup along with him and Sudhir celebrated the occasion by posing for photographs. Sudhir chanted \u2019India\u2019 as he lifted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 trophy. In March 2010, a Senior Police officer intercepted and thrashed Sudhir Kumar in Kanpur, when he tried to shake hands with Sachin Tendulkar during a practice session. Later, after Tendulkar's intervention and request he was let off, and the police officer tendered an apology to Sudhir Kumar, repenting the event. Sudhir Kumar stopped the practice of scaling fences to reach the team to celebrate a win, only after Tendulkar advised against such practice. After this incident, the BCCI has sponsored Sudhir Kumar for every match. Sudhir Choudhary was born in a very poor family in a semi-rural place of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. He became obsessed with Indian cricket and a fan of Sachin Tendulkar at the age of 6. He left his studies at the age of 14 when he was in his secondary school.", "Ramesh Tendulkar Ramesh Tendulkar (born 1934) was a well-known Marathi novelist. He was the father of famous cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Ramesh Tendulkar was born in Alibag a Town near Mumbai. He used to live at Thikrul Naka, Alibag. He Completed His Primary and Secondary Education from Konkan Education Society Alibag, He went to Mumbai For completing his higher Education. After completing his education,Tendulkar was a professor at Kirti College, Prabhadevi, in the \u201960s. Tendulkar published many collections. The following is a partial list of them. Father's poetic tribute to the greatest player... Sachin Tendulkar, poem for Sachin. Ramesh Tendulkar died, on 19 May 1999, after a massive heart attack at the age of 65.", "Playing It My Way Playing It My Way is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. It was launched on 5 November 2014 in Mumbai. The book summarises Tendulkar's early days, his 24 years of international career and aspects of his life that have not been shared publicly. It entered the \"Limca Book of Records\" for being the best selling adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories. In India, it broke the record set by Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs for being the most pre-ordered biographical book. In the book, Sachin Tendulkar mentioned that just months before the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Greg Chappell, then the coach of the Indian cricket team, visited Tendulkar at his home and suggested that he should take over the captaincy from Rahul Dravid, then the team captain. Chappell however denied this, stating that he never contemplated Tendulkar replacing Dravid as captain. Tendulkar also mentioned in the book that John Wright \"took over as coach of India in 2005\", when Wright actually took over five years earlier, and got many scorecards wrong. Sachin Tendulkar\u2019s autobiography \"Playing It My Way\" published by Hachette India was released on Nov 6, 2014 and broke all records for an adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories with 1,50,290 copies confirmed on order subscriptions. The book\u2019s orders, on day one, already saw it pulling ahead of both pre-order and lifetime sales of the world\u2019s top adult hardbacks. It was entered in the \"Limca Book of Records\" for 2016.", "Achievements of Sachin Tendulkar This page presents some of the notable achievements of Sachin Tendulkar, a former Indian cricketer, universally regarded as one of the best batsmen of all time. Debates on Tendulkar's precise rank amongst his predecessors are unlikely to conclude soon. He was the sport's first batsman to score a double century (200 runs not out) in a single One Day International match, and is so far the only player to have scored 100 centuries in internationals. He played first-class cricket for 26 years and one day, whilst his international career spanned exactly 24 years from 15 November 1989 to 16 November 2013. Tendulkar has won a record 15 Man of the Series (MoS) and 62 Man of the Match (MoM) awards in ODI Matches. He has won a Man of the Match Award against every one of the ICC Full Members (Test Playing Nations). The only teams against whom he has \"not\" won an ODI Man of the Match award, are the United Arab Emirates (2 matches played), the Netherlands (1 match) and Bermuda (1 match). List of international cricket centuries by Sachin Tendulkar", "Sachin (film) Sachin is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Santhosh Nair and written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya. It stars Dhyan Sreenivasan, Aju Varghese, Hareesh Kanaran, Renji Panicker, Ramesh Pisharody, Appani Sarath, Maniyanpilla Raju, Anna Rajan, Maala Parvati, Aabid Nassar, Reshmi Boban and Sethu Lakshmi. Sachin is a romance film in the backdrop of cricket. The story revolves around a boy who born on the auspicious day when cricketer Sachin Tendulkar hit century. After watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan (Raju) got excited and named his son as Sachin. The film was released on 19 July 2019. Sachin (Dhyan Sreenivasan) is born on an auspicious day when the nation celebrated Sachin Tendulkar. Excited after watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan promptly named his new born son \"Sachin\". Sachin too played cricket while growing up and his love for Sachin Tendulkar was unflinching. Meanwhile, Sachin falls in love with Anjali (Anna Rajan), a village damsel who is four years elder to him. (it can be recalled that Anjali, wife of Sachin Tendulkar too is elder than him) Later on, trouble brew in and their wedding get cancelled. how Sachin resolve the issues forms the rest of the story. \"Sachin\" is directed by Santhosh Nair, written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya and produced by Jude Agnel Sudhir and Juby Ninan under the banner JJ Productions. Cinematographer is Neil D'Cunha, editor is Ranjan Abhraham. \""], "answer": {"text": "ground, Wankhede, Tendulkar was booed off the ground by a section of the crowd, the first time that he had ever faced such flak.", "answer_start": 572}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Sachin Tendulkar during the tour of Australia?", "answer": {"text": "The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003-04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Tendulkar play?", "answer": {"text": "with 241 not out from 436 ball by 33 four at strike rate of 55.27 in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position.", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did they win during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Tests. It was no aberration that 2003 was his worst year in Test cricket, with an average of 17.25 and just one fifty.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this Tendulkars last year of play?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5345e6fea64446a086979d2e579c14e3_0_q#5", "question": "Was there any controversies?", "rewrite": "Was there any controversies for Sachin Tendulkar?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Playing It My Way Playing It My Way is the autobiography of former Indian cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. It was launched on 5 November 2014 in Mumbai. The book summarises Tendulkar's early days, his 24 years of international career and aspects of his life that have not been shared publicly. It entered the \"Limca Book of Records\" for being the best selling adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories. In India, it broke the record set by Walter Isaacson's biography of Steve Jobs for being the most pre-ordered biographical book. In the book, Sachin Tendulkar mentioned that just months before the 2007 Cricket World Cup, Greg Chappell, then the coach of the Indian cricket team, visited Tendulkar at his home and suggested that he should take over the captaincy from Rahul Dravid, then the team captain. Chappell however denied this, stating that he never contemplated Tendulkar replacing Dravid as captain. Tendulkar also mentioned in the book that John Wright \"took over as coach of India in 2005\", when Wright actually took over five years earlier, and got many scorecards wrong. Sachin Tendulkar\u2019s autobiography \"Playing It My Way\" published by Hachette India was released on Nov 6, 2014 and broke all records for an adult hardback across both fiction and non-fiction categories with 1,50,290 copies confirmed on order subscriptions. The book\u2019s orders, on day one, already saw it pulling ahead of both pre-order and lifetime sales of the world\u2019s top adult hardbacks. It was entered in the \"Limca Book of Records\" for 2016.", "Sachin! Tendulkar Alla Sachin! Tendulkar Alla (English: Not Sachin Tendulkar) is a 2014 Indian Kannada film featuring Master Snehith, cricketers Javagal Srinath and Venkatesh Prasad, Suhasini Maniratnam and Sudharani. Directed by Mohan Shankar and produced by BN Gangadhar. This film is a non-commercial entertainer. Master Snehith plays the autistic boy who struggles to make it big in cricket. Suhasini Maniratnam plays his sister and Sudharani plays an important role. Rajesh Ramanath has composed the music. BN Gangadhar is the Producer of \"Sachin! Tendulkar Alla\". The film was dubbed and released in Telugu as \"Sachin Tendulkar Kaadhu\" in 2015.", "He feared for his life but was eventually rescued by Bangladesh Police. During the World Cup, Sudhir sported a kooky crown - a replica World Cup trophy. Sudhir's crowning moment came on April 2, 2011, the day India defeated Sri Lanka in the final at Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai, to become the world champions. Sachin Tendulkar himself signaled Sudhir who was sitting among the cheering Indian fans, to come to the Indian dressing room and join the team's celebrations. Tendulkar asked Zaheer Khan to bring the World Cup over. Tendulkar shook hands with Sudhir Gautam, hugged him and finally let him lift the cup from Zaheer\u2019s hands. Tendulkar allowed Sudhir to hold the World Cup along with him and Sudhir celebrated the occasion by posing for photographs. Sudhir chanted \u2019India\u2019 as he lifted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 trophy. In March 2010, a Senior Police officer intercepted and thrashed Sudhir Kumar in Kanpur, when he tried to shake hands with Sachin Tendulkar during a practice session. Later, after Tendulkar's intervention and request he was let off, and the police officer tendered an apology to Sudhir Kumar, repenting the event. Sudhir Kumar stopped the practice of scaling fences to reach the team to celebrate a win, only after Tendulkar advised against such practice. After this incident, the BCCI has sponsored Sudhir Kumar for every match. Sudhir Choudhary was born in a very poor family in a semi-rural place of Muzaffarpur, Bihar. He became obsessed with Indian cricket and a fan of Sachin Tendulkar at the age of 6. He left his studies at the age of 14 when he was in his secondary school.", "Sachin (film) Sachin is a 2019 Indian Malayalam-language film directed by Santhosh Nair and written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya. It stars Dhyan Sreenivasan, Aju Varghese, Hareesh Kanaran, Renji Panicker, Ramesh Pisharody, Appani Sarath, Maniyanpilla Raju, Anna Rajan, Maala Parvati, Aabid Nassar, Reshmi Boban and Sethu Lakshmi. Sachin is a romance film in the backdrop of cricket. The story revolves around a boy who born on the auspicious day when cricketer Sachin Tendulkar hit century. After watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan (Raju) got excited and named his son as Sachin. The film was released on 19 July 2019. Sachin (Dhyan Sreenivasan) is born on an auspicious day when the nation celebrated Sachin Tendulkar. Excited after watching Sachin's performance, Viswanathan promptly named his new born son \"Sachin\". Sachin too played cricket while growing up and his love for Sachin Tendulkar was unflinching. Meanwhile, Sachin falls in love with Anjali (Anna Rajan), a village damsel who is four years elder to him. (it can be recalled that Anjali, wife of Sachin Tendulkar too is elder than him) Later on, trouble brew in and their wedding get cancelled. how Sachin resolve the issues forms the rest of the story. \"Sachin\" is directed by Santhosh Nair, written by S. L. Puram Jayasurya and produced by Jude Agnel Sudhir and Juby Ninan under the banner JJ Productions. Cinematographer is Neil D'Cunha, editor is Ranjan Abhraham. \"", "Ramesh Tendulkar Ramesh Tendulkar (born 1934) was a well-known Marathi novelist. He was the father of famous cricketer Sachin Tendulkar. Ramesh Tendulkar was born in Alibag a Town near Mumbai. He used to live at Thikrul Naka, Alibag. He Completed His Primary and Secondary Education from Konkan Education Society Alibag, He went to Mumbai For completing his higher Education. After completing his education,Tendulkar was a professor at Kirti College, Prabhadevi, in the \u201960s. Tendulkar published many collections. The following is a partial list of them. Father's poetic tribute to the greatest player... Sachin Tendulkar, poem for Sachin. Ramesh Tendulkar died, on 19 May 1999, after a massive heart attack at the age of 65."], "answer": {"text": "Tendulkar ended the three-Test series without a half-century to his credit, and the need for a shoulder operation raised more questions about his longevity.", "answer_start": 701}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Sachin Tendulkar during the tour of Australia?", "answer": {"text": "The drawn series as India toured Australia in 2003-04 saw Tendulkar making his mark in the last Test of the series,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Tendulkar play?", "answer": {"text": "with 241 not out from 436 ball by 33 four at strike rate of 55.27 in Sydney, putting India in a virtually unbeatable position.", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did they win during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Tests. It was no aberration that 2003 was his worst year in Test cricket, with an average of 17.25 and just one fifty.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this Tendulkars last year of play?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "ground, Wankhede, Tendulkar was booed off the ground by a section of the crowd, the first time that he had ever faced such flak.", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#0", "question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "rewrite": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chris Cowdrey Christopher Stuart Cowdrey (born 20 October 1957) is a former English cricketer. Cowdrey played for Kent, Glamorgan and England as an all-rounder. He is the eldest son of the cricketer and life peer, Colin Cowdrey. He was educated at Tonbridge School. After a good season for Kent in County cricket in 1984, Cowdrey was selected for England's 1984\u201385 tour of India, led by his friend David Gower, ostensibly taking Ian Botham's place after Botham had opted out of the tour. In the First Test in Bombay he was fielding at short leg when Gower asked him to bowl. Although he forgot to take off his shin pads he bowled Kapil Dev with his fourth ball, the 19th England bowler to take a wicket in his first over. His father was listening to Test Match Special in his car and was so surprised that he drove the wrong way down a one-way street. Following the tour, where he had scored 96 runs and taken four wickets Cowdrey was not selected by England until 1988, and the infamous \"summer of four captains\". In that year Cowdrey, who had taken Kent to the top of the Championship table, was given the job to lead the Test side in the fourth Test of a five match series against the West Indies. The West Indies by that point were 2\u20130 up, claiming a convincing innings and 156 run victory in the previous test. \"We believe Cowdrey's style of leadership is what is now required\", claimed England's chairman of selectors Peter May, who was also Cowdrey's godfather, amid charges of favouritism.", "Julius Cowdrey Julius Lindahl Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is a British singer, songwriter, record producer and reality television personality. Prior to his music career and the release of his single \"7 Roads (I See You)\", Cowdrey was best known for appearing on the reality television show \"Made in Chelsea\". Julius was born in Canterbury, Kent on 30 January 1993 to Chris Cowdrey and Christel (n\u00e9e Holst-Sande); he is of Swedish descent on his mother's side. Cowdrey comes from a cricketing dynasty with his father Chris and grandfather, life peer, Colin Cowdrey, both captaining England. His twin brother, Fabian Cowdrey, followed the family tradition and played for Kent County Cricket Club for five years. Julius discovered his talent and passion for music at a very young age whilst singing in the Tonbridge School choir and began songwriting at the age of 16; following in the footsteps of his mother, herself a jazz singer. In 2013, Julius introduced live music to London's famous West End nightclub Mahiki, and became a regular headliner at some of the best music venues in London, including The Troubadour. Following his success in London, Cowdrey began to split his time between London and New York, where he spent a lot of time working on his music, and was eventually asked to headline multiple exclusive rooftop parties in Los Angeles. After a few years honing his craft, Cowdrey's debut single \"7 Roads (I See You)\" was released in November 2016, where it reached to Number 1 on the UK official iTunes singer/songwriter charts and Number 2 on the Spotify UK Viral Charts.", "Matt Cowdrey Matthew John Cowdrey (born 22 December 1988) is an Australian swimmer and politician. He presently holds numerous world records. He has a congenital amputation of his left arm; it stops just below the elbow. Cowdrey competed at the 2004 Paralympic Games, 2006 Commonwealth Games, 2008 Paralympic Games, 2010 Commonwealth Games, and the 2012 Paralympic Games. After the 2012 London Games, he is the most successful Australian Paralympian, having won thirteen Paralympic gold medals and twenty three Paralympic medals in total. On 10 February 2015, Cowdrey announced his retirement from swimming. Cowdrey contested and won the seat of Colton at the 2018 state election in South Australia for the Liberal Party. Cowdrey was born on 22 December 1988 with part of his arm missing due to a congenital amputation. He attended Endeavour College and played basketball when he was younger. He moved to Canberra and started swimming for the Australian Institute of Sport, while continuing to represent the Norwood Swimming Club of Adelaide on the club level. In 2011, he also represented Kawana Waters Swimming Club. , he swims for the Marion Swimming Club. In April 2015, Cowdrey graduated from the University of Adelaide with a double degree in law and media. In 2013, he undertook a three-month internship with U.S. Congresswoman Ileana Ros-Lehtinen. In 2015, at the time of his retirement, he was working for KPMG in Adelaide. Cowdrey competes in the International Paralympic Committee's S9 (freestyle, backstroke and butterfly,) SB8 (breaststroke), and SM9 (individual medley) classifications, which comprise swimmers with a severe leg weakness, swimmers with slight coordination problems and swimmers with one limb loss. Cowdrey started swimming when he was five years old, and doing so competitively soon after in 1994.", "Fabian Cowdrey Fabian Kruuse Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is former English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club. He made history by becoming the first third generation player to play for the county, following his father, Chris Cowdrey, and grandfather Colin Cowdrey. Cowdrey was often employed as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling slow left arm orthodox deliveries. Cowdrey was awarded a first-team contract in October 2011 before making his First XI debut for Kent in May 2012 against Oxford MCCU. He made his first-class cricket debut playing for Cardiff MCC University against Glamorgan in April 2013 before making his competitive debut for Kent later the same summer in the 2013 Friends Life t20. He appeared for the county in the 2013 Yorkshire Bank 40 later in the season before making his first-class debut for Kent in June 2014. After playing Grade cricket for Sunshine Coast Scorchers in Queensland over the 2013\u201314 English off-season, Cowdrey captained Western Suburbs in Sydney Grade Cricket during the 2015\u201316 season. Cowdrey's 2016 season was cut short in July when he had an emergency appendectomy. On the eve of the 2017 season he left Kent by mutual consent with Cowdrey later saying that his \"love for the game is gone, my heart's not in it\". In April 2017 Cowdrey made his first appearance on BBC Radio Kent as a cricket commentator, covering Kent's match against Derbyshire at Canterbury and later in the year began writing for \"The Cricketer\". Cowdrey's father is former Kent and England captain Chris Cowdrey. His grandfather, Colin, Lord Cowdrey also captained both sides and played 114 Test matches for England, the first man to make 100 Test appearances.", "George Cowdrey House The George Cowdrey House is a historic house at 42 High Street in Stoneham, Massachusetts. It was built about 1865 for George Cowdrey, a local shoe manufacturer and state legislator, and is one of the town's finest examples of residential Second Empire architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. The George Cowdrey House stands near the crest of a hill northeast of Stoneham's Central Square, on the west side of High Street north of its junction with Cowdrey Street (which is also named for George Cowdrey). It is a modest two-story building, set on a large lot with a low stone retaining wall at the sidewalk. The house is covered with a mansard roof and has a clapboarded exterior. A porch wraps around to the left side, with a gazebo section at the corner. The porch is supported by round Tuscan columns and has dentil moulding at the eave. The mansard roof dormers are topped by segmented arches and have scrollwork framing around their windows. Stylistically sympathetic ells extend to the side and rear of the main block, which exhibits high quality craftsmanship both outside and inside. The house was built about 1865, and is one a few well preserved Second Empire residence in Stoneham. It was built for George Cowdrey, a Stoneham native, shoe manufacturer, and state legislator. The most significant alterations to the house after its construction are the porch and gazebo (added about 1900), and the leaded sidelights flanking the front entrance."], "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Colin Cowdrey's Style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He added 92 with Evans (55) and made 113 when they both got themselves out to allow the tail wag its way to 349. With May and Bailey unwell Cowdrey brought Jim Laker (2/55) in to float the ball into a strong wind once Brian Statham (2/35) finished his opening spell. O'Neill came in after the first wicket and batted wonderfully, hitting Milton for 23 off an over and making 104 on the Monday morning despite Ken Mackay making him wait for an hour by taking a single off the last ball of six overs in succession. Only 110 runs were made in the day as Laker bowled very tightly and removed O'Neill. Peter Loader (4/56) ran through the lower order as the Combined XI fell from 187/3 to 227/8 and 260 all out. Richardson failed again and the wicketless Fred Trueman went in as nightwatchman to hit 53 before Bailey (71 not out) and Cowdrey (100 not out) batted out the day to draw the game on 257/4. The MCC tour party left Western Australia for South Australia with several concerns. Their 16-man squad had been reduced by knee injuries to captain Peter May and batsman Willie Watson. On the plus side Tom Graveney, Colin Cowdrey and Peter May all made centuries and Brian Statham, Peter Loader, Jim Laker, and Tony Lock had taken wickets. South Australia were not a strong team at this time and none of their players were certain of a Test place. Vice-captain Colin Cowdrey captained the MCC in place of May, but lost the toss to Colin Pinch who chose to bat. Les Favell (19) and Gavin Stevens (38) knocked up 43 runs in 52 minutes against Frank Tyson bowling downwind with Fred Trueman at fast-medium pace at the other end.", "With Sunday providing a second rest day Swetman (76) returned before a crowd of 12,000 to raise the total to 195/9 batting as if in a charity match. Cowdrey declared when he was out to leave South Australia 249 runs to win in 195 minutes. The started well with Les Favell (52) and David Harris (30) taking the score to 78/1 after Tyson and Swetman ran out Stevens for a duck, but collapsed to Trueman (4/33), who reduced them to 102/6, and the spinners Lock, Mortimore and Graveney ran through the overs to leave South Australia 138/9 at stumps. \"See Main Article - 1958-59 Ashes series\" \"See Main Article - 1958-59 Ashes series\" Peter May took a well-deserved holiday with his fianc\u00e9e, though the press did not think so, and Colin Cowdrey led the team against the weak Victorian team. He lost the toss and was forced to field in the 109 \u00b0F/43 \u00b0C heat and limited the fast bowlers Frank Tyson, Fred Trueman and Peter Loader to two over spells. Victoria did quite well and reached 270/5 in the day. A 21-year-old Bill Lawry opened the batting and made a slow 24 until he was bowled by Ted Dexter, the footballer Neil Crompton hit 73, Lindsay Hassett's nephew John Shaw 94 and Jack Potter 47. Trueman took 5/42 to dismiss Crompton and Shaw and returned in the morning to wrap up the innings for 286. The MCC responded poorly with 31/4, but Colin Cowdrey stroked 84 and Willie Watson 141 in a stand of 169. Watson looked much like his old self and batted with the tail, especially John Mortimore (32) and they finished on 313, the paceman Colin Guest taking 3/39.", "Cowdrey Lecture The Cowdrey Lecture, also referred to as the MCC Spirit of Cricket Cowdrey Lecture, is an annual event organised by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at the Lord's Cricket Ground. The event was first hosted in 2001, following the death of its eponym Late Lord Colin Cowdrey, in December 2000. Colin Cowdrey is reported to have been instrumental in adapting the Captains' Charter as the Spirit of Cricket and subsequently adding it as the preamble to the Laws of Cricket. It is held annually during the English summer and is delivered by pre-eminent cricketing personalities. The event is an invite only affair, with high-profile cricketing personalities, repr\u00e9sentatives of cricketing boards and journalists in attendance. The format of the event is simple: the cowdrey lecture followed by an informal discussion/question-answer session with a panel of distinguished personalities. <nowiki>*</nowiki> - Denotes Lecturers who received standing ovations from the audience.", "Chris Cowdrey Christopher Stuart Cowdrey (born 20 October 1957) is a former English cricketer. Cowdrey played for Kent, Glamorgan and England as an all-rounder. He is the eldest son of the cricketer and life peer, Colin Cowdrey. He was educated at Tonbridge School. After a good season for Kent in County cricket in 1984, Cowdrey was selected for England's 1984\u201385 tour of India, led by his friend David Gower, ostensibly taking Ian Botham's place after Botham had opted out of the tour. In the First Test in Bombay he was fielding at short leg when Gower asked him to bowl. Although he forgot to take off his shin pads he bowled Kapil Dev with his fourth ball, the 19th England bowler to take a wicket in his first over. His father was listening to Test Match Special in his car and was so surprised that he drove the wrong way down a one-way street. Following the tour, where he had scored 96 runs and taken four wickets Cowdrey was not selected by England until 1988, and the infamous \"summer of four captains\". In that year Cowdrey, who had taken Kent to the top of the Championship table, was given the job to lead the Test side in the fourth Test of a five match series against the West Indies. The West Indies by that point were 2\u20130 up, claiming a convincing innings and 156 run victory in the previous test. \"We believe Cowdrey's style of leadership is what is now required\", claimed England's chairman of selectors Peter May, who was also Cowdrey's godfather, amid charges of favouritism.", "Fabian Cowdrey Fabian Kruuse Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is former English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club. He made history by becoming the first third generation player to play for the county, following his father, Chris Cowdrey, and grandfather Colin Cowdrey. Cowdrey was often employed as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling slow left arm orthodox deliveries. Cowdrey was awarded a first-team contract in October 2011 before making his First XI debut for Kent in May 2012 against Oxford MCCU. He made his first-class cricket debut playing for Cardiff MCC University against Glamorgan in April 2013 before making his competitive debut for Kent later the same summer in the 2013 Friends Life t20. He appeared for the county in the 2013 Yorkshire Bank 40 later in the season before making his first-class debut for Kent in June 2014. After playing Grade cricket for Sunshine Coast Scorchers in Queensland over the 2013\u201314 English off-season, Cowdrey captained Western Suburbs in Sydney Grade Cricket during the 2015\u201316 season. Cowdrey's 2016 season was cut short in July when he had an emergency appendectomy. On the eve of the 2017 season he left Kent by mutual consent with Cowdrey later saying that his \"love for the game is gone, my heart's not in it\". In April 2017 Cowdrey made his first appearance on BBC Radio Kent as a cricket commentator, covering Kent's match against Derbyshire at Canterbury and later in the year began writing for \"The Cricketer\". Cowdrey's father is former Kent and England captain Chris Cowdrey. His grandfather, Colin, Lord Cowdrey also captained both sides and played 114 Test matches for England, the first man to make 100 Test appearances."], "answer": {"text": "\". Cowdrey himself thought that \"the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving", "answer_start": 373}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#2", "question": "How was his elegance displayed?", "rewrite": "How was Colin Cowdrey elegance displayed?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Julius Cowdrey Julius Lindahl Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is a British singer, songwriter, record producer and reality television personality. Prior to his music career and the release of his single \"7 Roads (I See You)\", Cowdrey was best known for appearing on the reality television show \"Made in Chelsea\". Julius was born in Canterbury, Kent on 30 January 1993 to Chris Cowdrey and Christel (n\u00e9e Holst-Sande); he is of Swedish descent on his mother's side. Cowdrey comes from a cricketing dynasty with his father Chris and grandfather, life peer, Colin Cowdrey, both captaining England. His twin brother, Fabian Cowdrey, followed the family tradition and played for Kent County Cricket Club for five years. Julius discovered his talent and passion for music at a very young age whilst singing in the Tonbridge School choir and began songwriting at the age of 16; following in the footsteps of his mother, herself a jazz singer. In 2013, Julius introduced live music to London's famous West End nightclub Mahiki, and became a regular headliner at some of the best music venues in London, including The Troubadour. Following his success in London, Cowdrey began to split his time between London and New York, where he spent a lot of time working on his music, and was eventually asked to headline multiple exclusive rooftop parties in Los Angeles. After a few years honing his craft, Cowdrey's debut single \"7 Roads (I See You)\" was released in November 2016, where it reached to Number 1 on the UK official iTunes singer/songwriter charts and Number 2 on the Spotify UK Viral Charts.", "He added 92 with Evans (55) and made 113 when they both got themselves out to allow the tail wag its way to 349. With May and Bailey unwell Cowdrey brought Jim Laker (2/55) in to float the ball into a strong wind once Brian Statham (2/35) finished his opening spell. O'Neill came in after the first wicket and batted wonderfully, hitting Milton for 23 off an over and making 104 on the Monday morning despite Ken Mackay making him wait for an hour by taking a single off the last ball of six overs in succession. Only 110 runs were made in the day as Laker bowled very tightly and removed O'Neill. Peter Loader (4/56) ran through the lower order as the Combined XI fell from 187/3 to 227/8 and 260 all out. Richardson failed again and the wicketless Fred Trueman went in as nightwatchman to hit 53 before Bailey (71 not out) and Cowdrey (100 not out) batted out the day to draw the game on 257/4. The MCC tour party left Western Australia for South Australia with several concerns. Their 16-man squad had been reduced by knee injuries to captain Peter May and batsman Willie Watson. On the plus side Tom Graveney, Colin Cowdrey and Peter May all made centuries and Brian Statham, Peter Loader, Jim Laker, and Tony Lock had taken wickets. South Australia were not a strong team at this time and none of their players were certain of a Test place. Vice-captain Colin Cowdrey captained the MCC in place of May, but lost the toss to Colin Pinch who chose to bat. Les Favell (19) and Gavin Stevens (38) knocked up 43 runs in 52 minutes against Frank Tyson bowling downwind with Fred Trueman at fast-medium pace at the other end.", "Fabian Cowdrey Fabian Kruuse Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is former English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club. He made history by becoming the first third generation player to play for the county, following his father, Chris Cowdrey, and grandfather Colin Cowdrey. Cowdrey was often employed as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling slow left arm orthodox deliveries. Cowdrey was awarded a first-team contract in October 2011 before making his First XI debut for Kent in May 2012 against Oxford MCCU. He made his first-class cricket debut playing for Cardiff MCC University against Glamorgan in April 2013 before making his competitive debut for Kent later the same summer in the 2013 Friends Life t20. He appeared for the county in the 2013 Yorkshire Bank 40 later in the season before making his first-class debut for Kent in June 2014. After playing Grade cricket for Sunshine Coast Scorchers in Queensland over the 2013\u201314 English off-season, Cowdrey captained Western Suburbs in Sydney Grade Cricket during the 2015\u201316 season. Cowdrey's 2016 season was cut short in July when he had an emergency appendectomy. On the eve of the 2017 season he left Kent by mutual consent with Cowdrey later saying that his \"love for the game is gone, my heart's not in it\". In April 2017 Cowdrey made his first appearance on BBC Radio Kent as a cricket commentator, covering Kent's match against Derbyshire at Canterbury and later in the year began writing for \"The Cricketer\". Cowdrey's father is former Kent and England captain Chris Cowdrey. His grandfather, Colin, Lord Cowdrey also captained both sides and played 114 Test matches for England, the first man to make 100 Test appearances.", "Cowdrey Lecture The Cowdrey Lecture, also referred to as the MCC Spirit of Cricket Cowdrey Lecture, is an annual event organised by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at the Lord's Cricket Ground. The event was first hosted in 2001, following the death of its eponym Late Lord Colin Cowdrey, in December 2000. Colin Cowdrey is reported to have been instrumental in adapting the Captains' Charter as the Spirit of Cricket and subsequently adding it as the preamble to the Laws of Cricket. It is held annually during the English summer and is delivered by pre-eminent cricketing personalities. The event is an invite only affair, with high-profile cricketing personalities, repr\u00e9sentatives of cricketing boards and journalists in attendance. The format of the event is simple: the cowdrey lecture followed by an informal discussion/question-answer session with a panel of distinguished personalities. <nowiki>*</nowiki> - Denotes Lecturers who received standing ovations from the audience.", "Chris Cowdrey Christopher Stuart Cowdrey (born 20 October 1957) is a former English cricketer. Cowdrey played for Kent, Glamorgan and England as an all-rounder. He is the eldest son of the cricketer and life peer, Colin Cowdrey. He was educated at Tonbridge School. After a good season for Kent in County cricket in 1984, Cowdrey was selected for England's 1984\u201385 tour of India, led by his friend David Gower, ostensibly taking Ian Botham's place after Botham had opted out of the tour. In the First Test in Bombay he was fielding at short leg when Gower asked him to bowl. Although he forgot to take off his shin pads he bowled Kapil Dev with his fourth ball, the 19th England bowler to take a wicket in his first over. His father was listening to Test Match Special in his car and was so surprised that he drove the wrong way down a one-way street. Following the tour, where he had scored 96 runs and taken four wickets Cowdrey was not selected by England until 1988, and the infamous \"summer of four captains\". In that year Cowdrey, who had taken Kent to the top of the Championship table, was given the job to lead the Test side in the fourth Test of a five match series against the West Indies. The West Indies by that point were 2\u20130 up, claiming a convincing innings and 156 run victory in the previous test. \"We believe Cowdrey's style of leadership is what is now required\", claimed England's chairman of selectors Peter May, who was also Cowdrey's godfather, amid charges of favouritism."], "answer": {"text": "His favourite stroke was the most pleasing - the cover drive, his son Chris Cowdrey was always asked \"Why don't you caress the ball through extra cover like your father?\"", "answer_start": 833}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "\". Cowdrey himself thought that \"the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#3", "question": "Were there other elements of his fathers style mentioned?", "rewrite": "Were there other elements of Colin Cowdrey's fathers style mentioned?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Julius Cowdrey Julius Lindahl Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is a British singer, songwriter, record producer and reality television personality. Prior to his music career and the release of his single \"7 Roads (I See You)\", Cowdrey was best known for appearing on the reality television show \"Made in Chelsea\". Julius was born in Canterbury, Kent on 30 January 1993 to Chris Cowdrey and Christel (n\u00e9e Holst-Sande); he is of Swedish descent on his mother's side. Cowdrey comes from a cricketing dynasty with his father Chris and grandfather, life peer, Colin Cowdrey, both captaining England. His twin brother, Fabian Cowdrey, followed the family tradition and played for Kent County Cricket Club for five years. Julius discovered his talent and passion for music at a very young age whilst singing in the Tonbridge School choir and began songwriting at the age of 16; following in the footsteps of his mother, herself a jazz singer. In 2013, Julius introduced live music to London's famous West End nightclub Mahiki, and became a regular headliner at some of the best music venues in London, including The Troubadour. Following his success in London, Cowdrey began to split his time between London and New York, where he spent a lot of time working on his music, and was eventually asked to headline multiple exclusive rooftop parties in Los Angeles. After a few years honing his craft, Cowdrey's debut single \"7 Roads (I See You)\" was released in November 2016, where it reached to Number 1 on the UK official iTunes singer/songwriter charts and Number 2 on the Spotify UK Viral Charts.", "Cowdrey Lecture The Cowdrey Lecture, also referred to as the MCC Spirit of Cricket Cowdrey Lecture, is an annual event organised by the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at the Lord's Cricket Ground. The event was first hosted in 2001, following the death of its eponym Late Lord Colin Cowdrey, in December 2000. Colin Cowdrey is reported to have been instrumental in adapting the Captains' Charter as the Spirit of Cricket and subsequently adding it as the preamble to the Laws of Cricket. It is held annually during the English summer and is delivered by pre-eminent cricketing personalities. The event is an invite only affair, with high-profile cricketing personalities, repr\u00e9sentatives of cricketing boards and journalists in attendance. The format of the event is simple: the cowdrey lecture followed by an informal discussion/question-answer session with a panel of distinguished personalities. <nowiki>*</nowiki> - Denotes Lecturers who received standing ovations from the audience.", "Chris Cowdrey Christopher Stuart Cowdrey (born 20 October 1957) is a former English cricketer. Cowdrey played for Kent, Glamorgan and England as an all-rounder. He is the eldest son of the cricketer and life peer, Colin Cowdrey. He was educated at Tonbridge School. After a good season for Kent in County cricket in 1984, Cowdrey was selected for England's 1984\u201385 tour of India, led by his friend David Gower, ostensibly taking Ian Botham's place after Botham had opted out of the tour. In the First Test in Bombay he was fielding at short leg when Gower asked him to bowl. Although he forgot to take off his shin pads he bowled Kapil Dev with his fourth ball, the 19th England bowler to take a wicket in his first over. His father was listening to Test Match Special in his car and was so surprised that he drove the wrong way down a one-way street. Following the tour, where he had scored 96 runs and taken four wickets Cowdrey was not selected by England until 1988, and the infamous \"summer of four captains\". In that year Cowdrey, who had taken Kent to the top of the Championship table, was given the job to lead the Test side in the fourth Test of a five match series against the West Indies. The West Indies by that point were 2\u20130 up, claiming a convincing innings and 156 run victory in the previous test. \"We believe Cowdrey's style of leadership is what is now required\", claimed England's chairman of selectors Peter May, who was also Cowdrey's godfather, amid charges of favouritism.", "Fabian Cowdrey Fabian Kruuse Cowdrey (born 30 January 1993) is former English professional cricketer who played for Kent County Cricket Club. He made history by becoming the first third generation player to play for the county, following his father, Chris Cowdrey, and grandfather Colin Cowdrey. Cowdrey was often employed as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling slow left arm orthodox deliveries. Cowdrey was awarded a first-team contract in October 2011 before making his First XI debut for Kent in May 2012 against Oxford MCCU. He made his first-class cricket debut playing for Cardiff MCC University against Glamorgan in April 2013 before making his competitive debut for Kent later the same summer in the 2013 Friends Life t20. He appeared for the county in the 2013 Yorkshire Bank 40 later in the season before making his first-class debut for Kent in June 2014. After playing Grade cricket for Sunshine Coast Scorchers in Queensland over the 2013\u201314 English off-season, Cowdrey captained Western Suburbs in Sydney Grade Cricket during the 2015\u201316 season. Cowdrey's 2016 season was cut short in July when he had an emergency appendectomy. On the eve of the 2017 season he left Kent by mutual consent with Cowdrey later saying that his \"love for the game is gone, my heart's not in it\". In April 2017 Cowdrey made his first appearance on BBC Radio Kent as a cricket commentator, covering Kent's match against Derbyshire at Canterbury and later in the year began writing for \"The Cricketer\". Cowdrey's father is former Kent and England captain Chris Cowdrey. His grandfather, Colin, Lord Cowdrey also captained both sides and played 114 Test matches for England, the first man to make 100 Test appearances.", "He added 92 with Evans (55) and made 113 when they both got themselves out to allow the tail wag its way to 349. With May and Bailey unwell Cowdrey brought Jim Laker (2/55) in to float the ball into a strong wind once Brian Statham (2/35) finished his opening spell. O'Neill came in after the first wicket and batted wonderfully, hitting Milton for 23 off an over and making 104 on the Monday morning despite Ken Mackay making him wait for an hour by taking a single off the last ball of six overs in succession. Only 110 runs were made in the day as Laker bowled very tightly and removed O'Neill. Peter Loader (4/56) ran through the lower order as the Combined XI fell from 187/3 to 227/8 and 260 all out. Richardson failed again and the wicketless Fred Trueman went in as nightwatchman to hit 53 before Bailey (71 not out) and Cowdrey (100 not out) batted out the day to draw the game on 257/4. The MCC tour party left Western Australia for South Australia with several concerns. Their 16-man squad had been reduced by knee injuries to captain Peter May and batsman Willie Watson. On the plus side Tom Graveney, Colin Cowdrey and Peter May all made centuries and Brian Statham, Peter Loader, Jim Laker, and Tony Lock had taken wickets. South Australia were not a strong team at this time and none of their players were certain of a Test place. Vice-captain Colin Cowdrey captained the MCC in place of May, but lost the toss to Colin Pinch who chose to bat. Les Favell (19) and Gavin Stevens (38) knocked up 43 runs in 52 minutes against Frank Tyson bowling downwind with Fred Trueman at fast-medium pace at the other end."], "answer": {"text": "Cowdrey was a prodigy who learned to bat as soon as he could walk thanks to his cricket-mad father.", "answer_start": 371}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "\". Cowdrey himself thought that \"the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How was his elegance displayed?", "answer": {"text": "His favourite stroke was the most pleasing - the cover drive, his son Chris Cowdrey was always asked \"Why don't you caress the ball through extra cover like your father?\"", "answer_start": 833, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#4", "question": "Did Chris have a unique style?", "rewrite": "Did Chris have a unique style?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["According to several accounts, the first fiddler on the Yukon River was a Hudson's Bay Company employee named \"Antoine Hoole\", who was among a trading party who established Fort Yukon, Alaska in 1847. His French Canadian influence likely helped spread the Anglo-Celtic music and dance tradition to the local Indians (First Nations and M\u00e9tis), a rich tradition that continues today as a unique style of old-time music known as Athabaskan fiddle music. Throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, fiddle music blended with aboriginal singing and dancing and melodic choral singing of hymns introduced by Anglican and Catholic missionaries. This music developed largely in isolation, with only occasional injections of new influences, and today is its own unique style. Athabaskan old-time fiddling music represents a fusion of traditional Athabascan instrumental and vocal music with the songs and violin tunes brought to the region in the late 1840s by Hudson Bay Company traders from their homelands in Scotland, Ireland, the Orkney Islands and French Canada. The popular Gwich'in tune, The Red River Jig, almost certainly came from the Red River area of southern Manitoba. The gold rush such as the Klondike (1896\u20131899) of Canada and Nome (1899\u20131909) and Fairbanks (1902\u20131905) of Alaska in the latter days of the 19th century and early 20th century saw another wave of musical influences as the prospectors' waltzes, jigs, schottisches, fox trots, two steps, and square dances (running sets) were incorporated into this unique musical style. Two types of Athabaskan fiddle music have developed over time. Traditional Athabaskan fiddle music developed from two geographic centers within the vast Yukon River drainage. Upriver music developed among the Gwich'in and H\u00e4n Athabaskans of the Alaska-Yukon border area.", "Chicano rapper Kid Frost, who is often cited as \"the godfather of Chicano rap\" was highly influenced by Ice-T and was even cited as his prot\u00e9g\u00e9. Chicano rap is a unique style of hip hop music which started with Kid Frost, who saw some mainstream exposure in the early 1990s. While Mellow Man Ace was the first mainstream rapper to use Spanglish, Frost's song \"La Raza\" paved the way for its use in American hip hop. Chicano rap tends to discuss themes of importance to young urban Chicanos. Some of today's Chicano artists include A.L.T., Lil Rob, Psycho Realm, Baby Bash, Serio, A Lighter Shade of Brown, and Funky Aztecs Sir Dyno, Chingo bling. Chicano rap has also reached overseas in Japan. MoNa (Sad Girl) is a Chicano-style rapper based in Japan who creates new rap music based on Chicano culture. MoNa is well known in Japan as well as cities such as San Diego and Los Angeles where Chicano culture thrives in. Paula DeAnda, Frankie J, and Victor Ivan Santos (early member of the Kumbia Kings and associated with Baby Bash). In the visual arts, works by Chicanos address similar themes as works in literature. The preferred media for Chicano art are murals, graphic arts, and graffiti art. Scholar Guisela Latorre refers to Chicana/o murals as \"a unique and effective tool with which to assert agency from the margins. \" San Diego's Chicano Park, located in Barrio Logan, is home to the largest collection of Chicano murals in the world and was created as an outgrowth of the city's political movement by Chicanos. Rasquache art is a unique style subset of the Chicano Arts movement.", "This bronze portrait has a textured, impressionistic surface that allows for a lively play of light off the surface. The impressionistic style could have been a result of being influenced after being taught under American Impressionist William Merritt Chase at PAFA. After marrying, she moved to Washington D.C. in 1902. Her husband was appointed head of the math department at the Dunbar High School, and she worked as a portrait sculptor throughout her life. She maintained her own home studio in Washington D.C. and an additional studio in New York, where she discussed her work with visitors, . Aside from portrait sculpting, she spent two years teaching at Howard University as an art instructor from 1922 - 1924. There she taught and influenced James Porter, who went on to write one of the first comprehensive histories of African-American art. As an art historian, though, James was not impressed by her artwork and said after her death that her work had, \"No great originality in any of the pieces she attempted,\" (Aberjhani). Despite that, she became so well known by 1922 that she was approached and asked to interact the newly formed art department at the school. At some point, Meta Warrick Fuller offered Jackson to accompany her during her study abroad. However, Jackson declined the invitation because she thought it was not necessary to travel to Europe to further her education. As a result of not traveling to Europe, Jackson was somewhat isolated from her peers and was able to create her own vision that infused her work with a unique style that was at first ignored for its difference from the popular style of the time. Her style was provocative for expressing the features of the multiracial in American society. Though she had developed her own unique style, this style still adhered to academic tradition.", "These publications continued on a regular basis until the end of 1951 at which point Dau al Set began to dissolve. In 1952, Dau al Set founding member Antoni T\u00e0pies left the group to promote his own independent work in the Surrealist and Informal art styles. The following year Joan Pon\u00e7 left to Brazil to continue to paint and spread his unique style. And one year later Modest Cuixcart left the group as well. During this time from 1953 till 1956 Dau al Set continued to be created and published by Joan-Josep Tharrats. During the final years the magazine decreased from an issue a month to an issue every season to then two issues a year. The final issue was created and distributed in 1956. Initially, Dau al Set began as an offshoot of Surrealism, but slowly grew into a distinct style with many existing components. One such component began with the incorporation of the surrealist world of dreams, where in Dau al Set expands upon by combing scientific and philosophical articles with magical undertones derived from Joan Brossa's personalized style. The use of magical elements pervaded throughout the entire movement to showcase an esoteric world of inner exploration. While magic was seen consistently the different members each contributed a unique style to Dau al Set. One of the most drastic was the contributions from Joan Pon\u00e7. Pon\u00e7's art frequently contained demonic images actualized with a series of different monsters throughout the work. In contrast, Modest Cuixart's work often contained images of fantasy influenced by German expressionism and Joan Mir\u00f3. Finally, Antoni T\u00e1pies often emulated the style of Paul Klee with obscure images surrounded by a dark atmosphere and phosphorescent lighting. With the base of magical elements these three unique techniques joined together to create the style seen in the Dau al Set movement.", "When accepting the award in Los Angeles, her comment was, \"Thank you. I only wish I had my guitar so I could play a song for you all. \" In 1989, Cotten was one of 75 influential African-American women included in the photo documentary \"I Dream a World.\" Cotten died in June 1987, at Crouse-Irving Hospital in Syracuse, New York, at the age of 94. Cotten began writing music while toying with her older brother's banjo. She was left-handed, so she played the banjo in reverse position. Later, when she transferred her songs to the guitar, she formed a unique style, since on the banjo the uppermost string is not a bass string, but a short, high-pitched string which begins at the fifth fret. This required her to adopt a unique style for the guitar. She first played with the \"all finger down strokes\" like a banjo. Later, her playing evolved into a unique style of fingerpicking. Her signature alternating bass style is now known as \"Cotten picking\". Her fingerpicking techniques influenced many other musicians."], "answer": {"text": "His cover-drive was still his chief glory, but other shots were scarcely inferior:", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "\". Cowdrey himself thought that \"the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How was his elegance displayed?", "answer": {"text": "His favourite stroke was the most pleasing - the cover drive, his son Chris Cowdrey was always asked \"Why don't you caress the ball through extra cover like your father?\"", "answer_start": 833, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other elements of his fathers style mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "Cowdrey was a prodigy who learned to bat as soon as he could walk thanks to his cricket-mad father.", "answer_start": 371, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#5", "question": "What were some of Chris's other shots like?", "rewrite": "What were some of Chris's other shots like besides his cover dirve?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Others whose vocal delivery has borne comparison have included, in the 1960s, Judy Dyble (the original lead singer of England's premier folk-rock band, Fairport Convention), Kerrilee Male and Dorris Henderson (successive lead singers of Eclection), and, more recently, Lavinia Blackwall of Trembling Bells and Zooey Deschanel in her recordings with M. Ward as She & Him. Jerry Burgan has cited Stevie Nicks of the British band Fleetwood Mac. In 1965 Bivens' personal interests were said to be fashions, Chinese food and freedom. As regards fashion, photographs show her wearing dresses whose hemlines were well above the knee in 1965, at a time when the mini-skirt, which, in England, became a defining symbol of \"Swinging\" London, had yet to make a wide impact in America. Bivens was then 5 foot 3 inches tall, with brown hair and hazel eyes. Musicologist Alec Palao has described her as \"a petite powerhouse with demurely attractive looks [and] a penchant for European style\". Surviving television clips capture her rather chic, mod style of dress, with bobbed hair and go-go boots. She was sometimes mistaken for the actress Barbara Feldon, co-star of the television series \"Get Smart\", who also had a bob. Bivens' relatively brief career covered a period in which she was one of a fairly small number of female rock musicians: her classic style, at least until 1966, was in contrast to the more Bohemian look favored by contemporaries like Grace Slick or Janis Joplin. At that time Bivens' favorite band was the Beatles, \"... which is fairly obvious. I haven't really heard any that I really like besides the Beatles\".", "Big Baby Gandhi  Big Baby Gandhi (birth name: Nafis) is a Bangladesh-born American rapper from Queens, New York. His first mixtape, \"Big Fucking Baby\", was released in 2011 to highly positive reception from music critics. As a result of the attention he got from his first mixtape, Gandhi was signed to Greedhead Music, on which he released his second mixtape, \"No1 2 Look Up 2\", in 2012. Artists featured on \"No1 2 Look Up 2\" include Das Racist (on \"Blue Magic\"), and Fat Tony (on \"Lurkin'\"). In early 2013, he posted on his Tumblr that he would retire from making rap music after 2013. On December 6, 2013, he released his first full-length album, \"Debut\". Big Baby Gandhi came out of retirement in 2017 with his release \"27\" and proceeeded to drop various loose tracks since. In 2019 Big Baby Gandhi released a studio album \"We Live In A Society\" with features from Mr. MFN eXquire and Victor Freeze. Robert Christgau has given A\u2013 grades to both of Gandhi's mixtapes. Of \"Big Fucking Baby\", he wrote, \"The flow seems effortlessly idiomatic, only not South Asian idiomatic, whatever that would sound like besides Heems. \" In his review of \"No1 2 Look Up 2\", Jacob Moore wrote that Gandhi's \"pop culture references and choice of content falls in line with the style of Das Racist, but he favors an intense delivery more similar to Danny Brown than Heems or Kool A.D.\". Pitchfork Media's Ian Cohen was less favorable in his review of \"NO1 2 LOOK UP 2\", which he gave a 5.5 out of 10 rating.", "Bridger, having designed \"seaQuest\", uses his advanced knowledge of the ship to tap into one of the WSKRS and use it to remotely drive the \"seaQuest\" away, disabling the ship's power systems in the process. When Hudson asks Lucas how well he knows \"seaQuest\", Lucas replies \"well enough\", implying that Bridger beat Lucas in the game of wits. However, Lucas scores back by re-enabling \"seaQuest\"s power systems, allowing the ship to fire their lasers at Bridger's propellers, disabling him. With no opposition, Lucas releases his antigen which begins to cleanse the water. As he tries to tell Bridger over the vidlink that he should have trusted him, Bridger replies \"I did\" and closes the channel. On the sea deck, Darwin notices Lucas to be unhappy. Lucas claims he's not sad, just frustrated that his relationship with Bridger has degenerated from what it once was. O'Neill joins Lucas as the two reflect about their time spent on \"seaQuest\". Lucas believes Bridger has changed from the man he once knew and respected, but O'Neill maintains that Bridger is the same, it is they who have changed. However, trouble soon begins to arise when \"seaQuest\" springs a leak in the engineering section. When Henderson and Dagwood investigate, they quickly become sick from the water. Lucas realizes that his antigen has mutated the microbe strain, causing it to attack other forms of like besides marine, including humans and \"seaQuest\"`s bioskin. With the crew growing sick and \"seaQuest\"s hull breaking down, Bridger attempts to find someway to combat the virus. He takes a shuttle and dives deep in an attempt to find something to help develop a cure.", "The video then returns to Mauboy performing on stage with her band. This is intercut with mirrored shots of Mauboy and her backup singers, singing in front of a black and white background. Scenes from throughout the video are then intercut with each other. The video ends with Mauboy posing to the camera. Idolator's Mike Wass called it a \"cute (but familiar) video\" and noted that it drew inspiration from Beyonc\u00e9's \"Love on Top\" video, writing \"It's hardly surprising given [Mauboy's] love for all things Queen Bey and the format fits the song perfectly\". Natalie Miller of Nova noted that Mauboy channeled \"a bit of Mariah 'diva' Carey attitude\" in the clip. Chris Urankar of \"InStyle\" magazine also thought that Mauboy channeled Carey, noting that she unleashed \"a little of her inner diva\". Sarah Sayers of the \"Daily Mail\" noted that the video saw Mauboy \"singing like a diva from the Motown era of R&B\". The video received mixed opinions from fans on YouTube and Twitter, complaining about everything from Mauboy's outfits to the budget of the clip. One fan said \"the video looks like it cost $2\", while another fan noted \"All her outfits were not very flattering of her figure. This to me is her worst video\". Adam Bub of MusicFix defended the video, writing \"What's the fuss all about? There's no twerking, boozing or gratuitous body shots like other pop stars' clips... but does that make it a boring watch? Jess' music videos do tend to err on the safe side, but there's nothing wrong with that either.\"", "Since Ustilaginomycotina is mostly plant parasites, the group is restricted to the host species of vascular plants, and mainly on angiosperms and monocots. This encompasses a geographical distribution in both tropical, temperate and arctic regions. Most species are highly host-specific and this may be a product of coevolution with different angiosperm lineages. This is supported by studies that shows that some monophyletic lineages in the Ustilaginomycotina are restricted to monophyletic lineages in the angiosperms. But not all taxa in Ustilaginomycotina are host-specific, some have a broad host range and others have also made a host jump to other vascular plants and not only monocots in the angiosperms. Ustilaginomycotina have an array of plant pathogens, and some are parasitizing on economically important species like wheat, barley and corn. In some cases the yield loss is minimal, in other the crops has to be quarantined. Some of the galls produced by the smuts is considered as a delicacy in some parts of the world. \" Malassezia\" lineages also causes harm on human skin. \"Ustilago maydis\" \"Tilletia\"  \"Malassezia\" The life cycle of the subdivision is dimorphic and it consists of two phases in the life cycle. One saprobic haploid phase and a parasitic (biotrophic) dikaryotic phase. The saprobic phase is initiated by the production of haploid yeasts, which fuses with another spore and produce the n+n hyphae which will infect the host. The infection happens with the production of a structure called appressoria, which is a specialized cell that is used to penetrate the host cuticle."], "answer": {"text": "With a short back-swing he persuaded the ball through the gaps, guiding it with an iron hand inside the velvet glove which disguised his power and purpose.", "answer_start": 201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "\". Cowdrey himself thought that \"the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How was his elegance displayed?", "answer": {"text": "His favourite stroke was the most pleasing - the cover drive, his son Chris Cowdrey was always asked \"Why don't you caress the ball through extra cover like your father?\"", "answer_start": 833, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other elements of his fathers style mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "Cowdrey was a prodigy who learned to bat as soon as he could walk thanks to his cricket-mad father.", "answer_start": 371, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Chris have a unique style?", "answer": {"text": "His cover-drive was still his chief glory, but other shots were scarcely inferior:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#6", "question": "Did Colin's other son have a particular style?", "rewrite": "Did Colin's other son have a particular style?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anon (album)  Anon (stylised as -Anon.) is the fourth studio album by Australian rock band Hands Like Houses, released on 12 October 2018 by UNFD and Hopeless Records. It was produced by Colin Brittain, Mike Green, Alex Prieto, and Erik Ron at Steakhouse Studios in Hollywood. \"Anon\" is a quasi-concept album that ventures beyond the band's personal experiences. Hands Like Houses wanted to tell a different kind of narrative with their fourth album, wanting to tell the stories of other people through their music, ranging from a tale of self discovery, to relationships or politics. It was made to be relatable to anyone who listened to it. The album's first single, \"Overthinking\", was also released on 26 July 2018. The single's accompanying music video was also released on the same day. The album's second single, \"Monster\", was released on 13 August with its accompanying music video being released a day later. Their third single of the album, \"Sick\", was released on 22 January 2019, alongside its accompanying music video. Hands Like Houses performed a national six-date tour to promote the album for February 2019. They played across the major capital cities. Playing as support for the band was Ocean Grove, Endless Heights, and RedHook. The album was met with generally favourable reviews. Megan Langley of \"KillYourStereo\" in an 85/100 review, praised the band's new sound citing it as \"an evolution for the Aussie locals.\" Maximo McKinnon from SputnikMusic, criticised the band for not staying true to one particular style, and noted how so far all of their albums have sounded completely different from each other.", "Quinn and Colin's birthparents presumably did look for Colin when the war with the Kromaggs was over, but Colin's adoptive parents were dead, so his birthparents were unable to find him. After Colin saw the microdot, Colin was resistant to sliding with Quinn and the others, since Colin didn't want to leave his world and the woman he wanted to marry. Quinn did convince Colin that his future was sliding with him, so Colin went into the vortex. Since Colin was raised on an earth with less technology than most earths the sliders visit, he was unfamiliar with the technology he encountered. On his first slide, Colin landed in the path of a moving vehicle. Being unaware that it would be lethal to be hit by the vehicle, Colin did not get out of the way as the vehicle approached him. Quinn had to move Colin out of the way. In the episode \"Revelations\", Colin met who he thought were his birthparents but it turned out they were doubles. In the episode \"The Unstuck Man\", Colin was made \"unstuck\" in the multiverse, meaning, that he was not anchored on a particular world. This was the result of an experiment by Dr. Oberon Geiger. According to Marc Scott Zicree, a writer for the show, the retcon from \"Genesis\" was originally intended to be a red herring. The idea was that Colin was actually a clone of Quinn created by the Kromaggs as a sleeper agent within the sliders. In the original draft for \"Revelations,\" he would flip, attacking Quinn and ending the season on a cliffhanger. This would probably have had the effect of simplifying the somewhat complicated (and largely financially unresolvable) plot progression of the show.", "Styles of Chinese martial arts There are hundreds of different styles of Chinese martial arts, each with their own sets of techniques and ideas. The concept of martial arts styles appeared from around the Ming dynasty (13681644). Before the Ming period, martial skills were commonly differentiated mainly by their lineage. There are common themes among these styles which allow them to be grouped according to generalized \"families\" (), \"sects\" (), \"class\" (), or \"schools\" () of martial art styles. There are styles that mimic movements from animals, or otherwise refer or allude to animals or mythical beings such as dragons, and others that gather inspiration from various Chinese philosophies or mythologies. Some deeply internal styles tend to focus strongly on practice relating to harnessing of qi energy, while some more-conspicuously external styles tend more to display skills and abilities in competition or exhibition. The rich variety of styles has led to the creation of numerous classification schemes. Geographical location such as regional affiliation is one well-known example. A particular Chinese martial arts style can be referred to as either a \"northern fist\" () or a \"southern fist\" () depending on its point of origin. Additional details such as province or city can further identify the particular style. Other classification schemes include the concept of \"external\" () and \"internal\" (). This criterion concerns the training focus of a particular style. Religious affiliation of the group that found the style can also be used as a classification. The three great religions of Taoism, Buddhism and Islam have associated martial arts styles. There are also many other criteria used to group Chinese martial arts; for example, imitative-styles () and legendary styles; historical styles and family styles. Another more recent approach is to describe a style according to their combat focus.", "Intuitive\u2013instrumental grief  Intuitive grief and instrumental grief are two patterns of grieving styles identified by psychiatrists Terry Martin and Kenneth Doka. Intuitive and instrumental grief describes two ends of a grieving scale. Individuals who exhibit more qualities of the intuitive grieving style are called intuitive grievers. Individuals who exhibit more qualities of the instrumental grieving style are called instrumental grievers. Common qualities of intuitive grieving are: an internal experience characterized by extreme sadness and pain as well as an outward experience characterized by emotional expression (ex: tears). Common qualities of instrumental grieving are: an internal experience characterized by mental separation from the loss as well as an outward experience characterized by lack of emotion. Identification of an individual\u2019s particular style of grieving is important because an individual\u2019s particular style of grieving helps in creating an adequate treatment plan to assist the individual in coping with his or her loss. Individuals who experience more qualities related to the intuitive grieving style experience and express their grief primarily through affect. Intuitive grievers develop more extreme emotional symptoms and cope with their loss mainly by sharing their feelings with others. These individuals are more likely to seek and/or accept community support through events such as self-help groups or one-on-one grief therapy. Individuals who experience more qualities related to the instrumental grieving style are less likely to express emotion and often desire to rather master their feelings developed from the loss as well as master their surrounding environment. These individuals are marked by a more cognitive, problem-solving approach and are more likely to direct their energy into activities. Though instrumental grievers perceive loss more as a challenge to overcome rather than a threat, anger is usually the most readily expressed feeling. Intuitive and instrumental grieving are two extreme styles of grieving located on a continuum. Because of this, it is rare to find people who belong purely to one style of a grieving pattern.", "English writing style An English writing style is a way of using the English language. The style of a piece of writing is the way in which features of the language are used to convey meaning, typically but not always within the constraints of more widely accepted conventions of usage, grammar, and spelling. An individual's writing style may be a very personal thing. Organizations that employ writers or commission written work from individuals may require that writers conform to a standardized style defined by the organization. This allows a consistent readability of composite works produced by many authors, and promotes usability of, for example, references to other cited works. In many kinds of professional writing aiming for effective transfer of information, adherence to a standardised style of writing helps readers make sense of what the writer is presenting. Many standardised styles are documented in style guides. Some styles are more widely used, others restricted to a particular journal. Adherence to no particular style is also a style in its own right; some may think it undesirable, others not. All writing has some style, even if the author is not thinking about a personal style. It is important to understand that style reflects meaning. For instance, if a writer wants to express a sense of euphoria, he or she might write in a style overflowing with expressive modifiers. Some writers use styles that are very specific, for example in pursuit of an artistic effect. Stylistic rule-breaking is exemplified by the poet. An example is E. E. Cummings, whose writing consists mainly of only lower case letters, and often uses unconventional typography, spacing, and punctuation. Even in non-artistic writing, every person who writes has his or her own personal style. Many large publications define a house style to be used throughout the publication, a practice almost universal among newspapers and well-known magazines."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "\". Cowdrey himself thought that \"the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How was his elegance displayed?", "answer": {"text": "His favourite stroke was the most pleasing - the cover drive, his son Chris Cowdrey was always asked \"Why don't you caress the ball through extra cover like your father?\"", "answer_start": 833, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other elements of his fathers style mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "Cowdrey was a prodigy who learned to bat as soon as he could walk thanks to his cricket-mad father.", "answer_start": 371, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Chris have a unique style?", "answer": {"text": "His cover-drive was still his chief glory, but other shots were scarcely inferior:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of Chris's other shots like?", "answer": {"text": "With a short back-swing he persuaded the ball through the gaps, guiding it with an iron hand inside the velvet glove which disguised his power and purpose.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2eef74fe4a540d4bb9763781bb11b9f_0_q#7", "question": "Did Colin have any comments about Chris?", "rewrite": "Did Colin have any comments about Chris?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jina angrily leaves after Sam demands that she clean the garage, and Colin fixes his car himself when the mechanic does not show up. Finding the suitcase empty in the police station, Charlie murders a patrolman who wanders in and heads for Frank's house. Jina sees Colin and requests a ride back to her house. Although pressed for time to make a job interview in a nearby town, Colin agrees. At the house, Charlie surprises and knocks out Frank, who is preparing to leave town. After he ransacks the house, Charlie leaves with a picture of Jina. When Frank awakes, he assumes that Jina and Colin have attempted to kill him, and he attacks them. Jina appears to accidentally kill Frank and suggests to Colin that they dump Frank's body. Colin cynically suggests that she already had a plan prepared. Jina convinces Colin that nobody will believe Frank's death was self-defense, and they dump his body in a mine shaft. When Colin realizes that he dropped his dog tags at the mine, they return to retrieve them, and Colin falls in the shaft. In the mine, he discovers the body of missing policeman Chris Welles and realizes that Frank has escaped the mine. Frank returns to town, tortures Sam for information about his wife's whereabouts, and races to catch up to Colin and Jina, who have already boarded a train. As Colin accuses Jina of possibly murdering Welles, Charlie recovers the money from their cabin, and Frank jumps onto the train from an overpass. Before Charlie can leave the cabin, Frank finds and kills him. When Colin and Jina return, Frank admits to killing Welles and demands that they jump from the moving train. Colin knocks the gun from Frank's hand, and Jina shoots Frank, who falls out of the train.", "The coroner opines that the low volume of water in his lungs suggests that he was killed on dry land, and notes the blunt force trauma to his right frontal lobe. The two facts suggesting murder to DI Alex Drake; while Hunt agrees with the possibility, he offers the alternative theory that Mitchell was drunk, fell, hit his head and fell in the river. Drake and the coroner agree that the scabbing on Mitchell's wrist wounds suggest they were received at the same time as the head wound. Donna Mitchell (Daisy Haggard) is the wife-\"cum\"-widow of Colin Mitchell Having grown up lower class, on the same council estate as Trevor Riley she and Colin live beyond their means to maintain appearances. Viewing Colin as smarter than Riley, she wants them to share in Riley's wealth; at Donna's urging, Colin takes a job with Riley. Colin buys her a lovely house and car, none of it meaning anything to himself. In order to get away from Riley, she and Colin each have separate reservations to fly to Turkey with him flying on 8 November 1982 and she following on 10 January 1983. They plan to send for Colin's father, Stanley. In exchange for Riley's promise that he would not touch Colin, Donna allows Riley to copulate with her; Riley films the assignation. She reports Colin missing. Days later, when DS Ray Carling and DC Chris Skelton notify her of Colin's death, she insists that he is \"just missing\" and will not be convinced until the two show her Colin's body. Thereafter, she cannot stop wailing, and Carling and Skelton put her in Hunt's office not knowing what else to do with her. DI Alex Drake calms her down and asks if Colin had any problems with Trevor Riley. Donna insists that Riley would never do such a thing.", "Cheryl's storyline has mainly focused around her relationships with Lloyd Mullaney (Craig Charles) and Chris Gray (Will Thorp). Quin-Ankrah has stated that throughout Cheryl's duration she has been \"caught in the middle\" of Chris and Lloyd's fights. In 2010, Quin-Ankrah was nominated for an \"Inside Soap\" Award for her portrayal of Cheryl. Colin Michael Fishwick was an old teaching acquaintance of John Stape (Graeme Hawley), who invites John to his farewell party as he is moving to Canada. At the party, John takes the opportunity to steal enough of Colin's identification to be able to impersonate him at a school. John secures a teaching job using Colin's identity, until Colin makes an untimely return to Weatherfield in July 2010. It is soon revealed that Colin had been having an affair with Vicky Fielding, a married woman prior to his departure and ends up receiving a beating from the woman's husband, Ben (Dominic Gately), after John's wife Fiz (Jennie McAlpine) tells him where Colin is working in order to protect John after Ben threatens him. Colin attempts to blackmail John stating that he will tell the police about the identity theft unless he gives him \u00a32,000 to flee the country. On 30 July 2010, in the middle of a heated argument with John and former teaching colleague Charlotte Hoyle (Becky Hindley), Colin suddenly collapses and dies from a brain haemorrhage sustained from Ben beating him up. Thinking that the police will accuse him of killing Colin, John persuades Charlotte to help him dispose of his body. After Charlotte accidentally locks her car keys in the boot, they dump it in a hole in the charred remains of the \"Underworld\" factory with the intention of moving it later.", "Colin calls the police, but they are more concerned about Colin's relationship with Barry than actually catching the vandals. They discover that Barry was under the age of legal sexual consent for homosexual sex when he and Colin began living together, and the police decide to inform Barry's parents (in 1987 the legal age of sexual consent for gay men was 21). Barry is petrified of his homophobic father and decides to end his relationship with Colin. Colin grows depressed, which worsens when he is mugged in an alley and beaten up, and he suffers a spell of poor health in 1988 after his eyesight starts giving him trouble, he gets unexplained dizzy spells and occasionally cannot move his legs. Colin fears he has AIDS , however tests confirm that he has multiple sclerosis. Colin's GP, Harold Legg (Leonard Fenton), decides that it is in Colin's best interests not to tell him the diagnosis, fearing the worry may bring on another attack prematurely. He tells Colin he is overworked and anaemic. Colin starts enjoying a social life again. At a party he meets a new business contact, Guido Smith (Nicholas Donovan), who becomes a romantic interest and moves in with Colin. However, in January 1989, Colin's health deteriorates, and Legg finally reveals that he has MS. Colin is furious at Dr. Legg for lying and threatens to report him to the authorities. Colin spends weeks coming to terms with the news, but Guido stands by him and Colin eventually accepts his condition. Problems arise in Colin and Guido's relationship in 1989; Colin begins to believe that Guido is only staying with him out of pity. Colin decides to move to his brother's house in Bristol. He opts not to tell Guido that he is going, but a surprise visit from Barry stalls", "When the sliders found Colin, he was flying a hangglider that he invented, and had gotten stuck in a tree. The local residents were angry at Colin for doing this because they were afraid his inventions might have negative consequences. One of the residents wanted to shoot Colin to get it over with, until the sheriff told the angry residents to go home. When the sheriff said, \"One of these days you're going to go a bit too far, Colin Mallory!\" the sliders knew that this was Quinn's brother. The universe Colin was raised on had far less technology than Earth Prime. Colin invented the first machine on this earth that generates electricity. This was one of his many inventions. The local residents believed that Colin was \"doing the devil's work\" with his inventions. Colin believed that electricity is both safe and useful and wished he could convince the local residents the same thing. Colin was in love with someone named Suzanne on his earth. However, her mother disapproved Colin, because of her fear of Colin's inventions. Suzanne was engaged to another person. Colin's adoptive parents (duplicates on the world Colin was raised of Colin's actual parents) died when Colin was very young; since this earth had little technology, there was not the medical technology necessary to cure Colin's parents of their illness. Since the sliders had a small amount of time on this world, they had to hurry to find the microdot that would inform Colin of his origins. They found it just in time, and Colin was informed that he was originally from Kromagg Prime and that he was placed on an alternate earth when he was young so that he could be safe."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about cowdrey's style?", "answer": {"text": "delighted crowds throughout the world with his style and elegance", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "\". Cowdrey himself thought that \"the proudest thing in my career was that I kept surviving", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How was his elegance displayed?", "answer": {"text": "His favourite stroke was the most pleasing - the cover drive, his son Chris Cowdrey was always asked \"Why don't you caress the ball through extra cover like your father?\"", "answer_start": 833, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other elements of his fathers style mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "Cowdrey was a prodigy who learned to bat as soon as he could walk thanks to his cricket-mad father.", "answer_start": 371, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Chris have a unique style?", "answer": {"text": "His cover-drive was still his chief glory, but other shots were scarcely inferior:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of Chris's other shots like?", "answer": {"text": "With a short back-swing he persuaded the ball through the gaps, guiding it with an iron hand inside the velvet glove which disguised his power and purpose.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Colin's other son have a particular style?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#0", "question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "rewrite": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The song features a guest appearance from American recording artist Chris Brown, with the production provided by T-Pain. The song peaked at number 38 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The single, \"Boom\" was the fourth and final single from T-Pain's repackaged album intended to be sold to the Philippines and Serbia. The track became an instant dance hit in those countries and became a staple piece of music used in hip-hop contests and shows in both Serbia and the Philippines. In late 2007, T-Pain released the first promotional single \"Silver & Gold\". However, it was cut from the final album track-listing. T-Pain released \"Ringleader Man\" as the album's promotional single. \"Three Ringz\" received positive reviews; however, many music critics questioned T-Pain's continued usage of Auto-Tune and his delivery of the club tracks. Jesel Padania of RapReviews said that despite the album's lack of humor and some tracks falling short of previous efforts, he praised T-Pain's genre-hopping production and his chemistry with the guest artists. AllMusic's David Jeffries also found the humor hit or miss but praised the record's production, guest list and T-Pain's persona for giving the tracks energy to grab listeners' attention, calling it \"an otherwise entertaining example of the gimmick-filled R&B/hip-hop album done right.\" Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine praised tracks like \"Can't Believe It\" and \"Freeze\" for their production and catchiness but questioned whether T-Pain could move beyond his Auto-Tune crutch, concluding that \"T-Pain\u2019s got the pop credentials. It\u2019s just a pity that this entire album is drenched in what already sounded like last year\u2019s sound a couple years ago.\"", "since before he got signed really. It's been a good time. It's been really collaborative with us. At the time, it wasn't the right songs or the right situation. Now, that I had something good so it was only right. I don't make people conform to what I'm doing when I got to get somebody. When you get T-Pain, you don't really want to tell T-Pain what to do. If you got in mind what you want T-Pain to do, you could've done it yourself. That's where B.o. B came from, and he enjoys strip clubs as much as I do. It was only right to get him.\" On January 14, 2014, T-Pain performed \"Up Down (Do This All Day)\" on DJ Skee's \"SKEE Live\". On January 16, 2014, T-Pain performed the song on \"The Arsenio Hall Show\". On May 14, 2015, \"Up Down\" was certified Platinum by the RIAA despite not hitting top 40 at the height of its popularity. On September 9, 2013, T-Pain released the lyric video to the song. As the song plays, a number of strippers show off their assets and their dance moves. As they dance the lyrics flash across the screen in \"neon, fitting, form, giving off a club like feel. \" On November 19, 2013, T-Pain released the music video for \"Up Down (Do This All Day)\". The G Visuals-directed video follows the average rachet backyard party. It has been described as paying homage to early 90's hip hop videos. The video features a cameo appearance from Tyrese.", "Pain (musical project) Pain (typeset as PAIN) is a musical project from Sweden that mixes heavy metal with influences from electronic music and techno. The project started out as a hobby project for front man Peter T\u00e4gtgren, whose idea was to fuse heavy metal with 1980s-inspired electro-industrial and techno influences. T\u00e4gtgren, who is also the vocalist/guitarist of Hypocrisy and producer of his own \"The Abyss\" studios, is the only current member. Pain's self-titled debut was released in 1997, and since then Pain has released six more albums and a DVD. Starting with their second, all of Pain's albums have made the Swedish charts, thanks in large part to hit singles such as \"End of the Line\", \"Shut Your Mouth\", and \"Same Old Song\". In early February 2006, Blabbermouth.net reported that Pain had signed with Roadrunner Records. Currently, Pain is under the Nuclear Blast Records banner. In 2008, Pain was on tour as a supporting performer for the Finnish symphonic power metal band Nightwish. During this tour singer Peter T\u00e4gtgren, drummer David Wallin, and bassist Johan Husgafvel were assaulted by a gang in Leipzig. T\u00e4gtgren received 10 stitches in his face, Wallin suffered a concussion and stitches to his head, and Husgafvel had his nose broken. Pain supported Nightwish on the second half of their Dark Passion Play World Tour, along with Finnish pop rock band Indica, beginning with the first show in London, UK on 11 March 2009. Pain released their seventh album, \" You Only Live Twice\", on 3 June 2011 via Nuclear Blast. They released their eighth studio album entitled \"Coming Home\" on September 9, 2016.", "Pay Money to My Pain  Pay Money to My Pain (stylized as Pay money To my Pain and abbreviated as P.T.P.) was a Japanese alternative rock/metal band. All of the band's lyrics are in English. Early in life, Kei started writing lyrics as a way to cope with his depression and dark feelings. In 2005, after the disbandment of vocalist K's previous band, Gun Dog, he recruited four members and formed Pay money To my Pain. Kei said that his lyrics expressed his deepest pain and when fans bought the CDs, they were literally buying into his pain. Hence, Pay money To my Pain. They began to produce songs by themselves before getting noticed by the record label VAP. From there, they released their first major single \"Drop of Ink\" on December 6, 2006. Several months later, they went to California where they recorded their first album, \" Another Day Comes\", which was released on September 12, 2007. The album included \"Home\", the \"Buzzer Beater\" ending song, and \"Another Day Comes\", the ending song for \"Ultraseven X\". Guitarist Jin left Pay Money to My Pain in April 2008. The EP, \"Writing in the Diary\", was released on July 30, 2008. The band's song \"Bury\", from the album \" After You Wake Up\", was featured as the opening theme to the anime \"One Outs\". Another of their songs, \"The Answer is Not in the TV\", was featured in the Konami video game \"Pro Evolution Soccer 2010\". On June 9, 2010, Pay Money to My Pain released the single \"Pictures\", which is an EP and a DVD sold separately. On January 26, 2011, Pay Money to My Pain released the 3rd album, Remember the Name.", "T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain, an American recording artist, consists of six studio albums, one compilation album, one soundtrack album, one instrumental album, seven mixtapes, eighty-nine singles (including seventy-one as a featured artist), and nineteen music videos. On December 6, 2005, his debut studio album \"Rappa Ternt Sanga\" debuted at number 33 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. Both singles, \"I'm Sprung\" and \"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\", peaked in the top ten on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. After that, he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 and singer Kandi Burruss on the single \"U and Dat\", which peaked at number 13 in the United States. In 2007, his second album, titled \"Epiphany\" (2007), debuted at number 1 in the United States. The lead single \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" peaked at number 1 in the United States, the follow-up single \"Bartender\" peaked at number 5, and \"Church\" was released as the album's third single. During 2007, T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists, the most commercially successful of these being \"Low\" by Flo Rida, which peaked at number 1 in the United States and on several national singles charts worldwide. In November 2008, T-Pain released his third studio album, \"Three Ringz\" which debuted at number 4 in the United States. Three singles were released from the album: \"Chopped 'n' Skrewed\", \" Can't Believe It\", and \"Freeze\"."], "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#1", "question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "rewrite": "Was T-Pain's Epiphany successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Epiphany season The Epiphany season, also known as Epiphanytide, is in some churches recognized as a liturgical period following the Christmas season (Christmastide). It begins on the day of Epiphany, and ends at various points as defined by those churches. In Advent 2000, the Church of England introduced into its liturgy an optional Epiphany season by approving the \"Common Worship\" series of services as an alternative to those in the \"Book of Common Prayer\", defining Epiphanytide as lasting from the feast of the Epiphany to Candlemas. An official publication of the Church of England states: \"The Christmas season is often celebrated for twelve days, ending with the Epiphany. Contemporary use has sought to express an alternative tradition, in which Christmas lasts for a full forty days, ending with the Feast of the Presentation on February 2. \" It presents the latter part of this period as the Epiphany season, comprising the Sundays of Epiphany and ending \"only with the Feast of the Presentation (Candlemas)\". The Church of England's optional Epiphany season thus begins at Evening Prayer on the Eve of the Epiphany (which may be celebrated on January 6 or the Sunday between January 2 and 8) and ends at Evening Prayer (or Night Prayer) on the Feast of the Presentation (which may be celebrated on 2 February or on the Sunday between January 28 and February 3). The Epiphany season is seen as in some sense a continuation of the Christmas season, and together they last forty days. The three main events focused on during the Epiphany season are the visit of the Magi, the baptism of Jesus, and Jesus' miracle at the marriage at Cana.", "Later, Josie offered Epiphany a title shot, which ended in a no contest when the remaining girls on the roster would interfere, surprisingly pick sides; Taryn Shay and C.J. Lane on behalf of Epiphany and The Blossoms on behalf of Josie. Epiphany teamed up with Shay on the February 17 episode of \"OVW\", defeating Lane and Josie. However, Epiphany, Lane and Shay lost to The Blossom Twins and Josie on February 28 at OVW's \"Retribution\" event in a six-women tag team match. On the March 3 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany and Shay lost to The Blossoms in a tag team match. The following week, on the March 10 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany lost to Hannah Blossom in a singles match. However, on the March 31 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany defeated Hannah Blossom. In the summer of 2010, Epiphany teamed up with various partners against opponents like Lane, Shay and The Blossoms. On December 10 at OVW's \"Saturday Night Special\" event, Epiphany teamed with her real-life cousin Rudy Switchblade to defeat C.J. Lane and Paredyse. Going onto 2011, Epiphany took part of several tag team and singles matches against opponents like Lane, Jessie Belle Smothers, Taeler Hendrix and Solo Darling. On the January 4, 2012 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany defeated C.J. Lane. Epiphany also pinned Taeler Hendrix on the February 15 episode of \"OVW\" during a dark match. Epiphany then won a three-way match against both Lane and Hendrix.", "She got a job as producer of \u201cEveryday Heroes,\u201d and had a sexual fling with Sonny Corinthos. She also helped Jason Morgan save the kidnapped Jake Spencer. Epiphany Johnson is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"General Hospital\", originated by Sonya Eddy. Epiphany has been the head nurse at General Hospital since the character debuted in March 2006 on a recurring basis. She is the mother of Stan Johnson, who worked for Sonny Corinthos and Jason Morgan in their mob organization. Eddy was upgraded to contract status in August 2007 when she began appearing on the spin-off, . She was downgraded to recurring status in 2011. No-nonsense nurse Epiphany Johnson is a force to be reckoned with. A full-figured woman who speaks her mind and doesn't mince words, Epiphany is quite intimidating. She is a dedicated nurse who doesn't tolerate anyone giving less than 110%. She will call out doctors and nurses alike, when she feels that they are being less than professional. She has a strong moral compass that was never tested more than when her only son, Stan, decided to go to work for mob boss, Sonny Corinthos. Epiphany strongly disapproved of her son squandering his education on spying for the mob. Despite her objections to Stan's career choices, Epiphany loved her son fiercely and never stopped trying to convince him to make different choices. Sadly, Epiphany would see her greatest fear realized when, during a phone call with Stan, she heard him killed in a mob-ordered hit. The pain of losing her son in such a violent manner took its toll on Epiphany. In February 2008, Epiphany suffered a serious heart attack and collapsed in the hospital locker room.", "The colours of the season are white (a colour associated with the festivals of Christ and suggesting gladness, joy and light for the day of Epiphany), used the first week after the Epiphany when the Baptism of our Lord is celebrated, and the last week of the season of Epiphany when the Transfiguration of our Lord is celebrated; and green, reminiscent of living plants and suggests spiritual growth. Green is used in the season of Epiphany beginning with the second week after the Epiphany until the week before the Transfiguration of our Lord is celebrated. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America used the terms \"Time after Epiphany\" to describe this period. The expression with \"after\" has been interpreted as making the period in question correspond to that of Ordinary Time. The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) states that neither Epiphany nor Pentecost are seasons, and that it is a misunderstanding to imagine that expressions such as \"Fifth Sunday after Epiphany\" indicate the existence of such a time as \"Epiphany season\". These expression merely indicate the passing of time, not the character of the period, for neither the period after Epiphany nor that after Pentecost focus on a dominant event or theme. The correct term, it says, is therefore \"Ordinary Time\". The calendar of Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter within the Roman Catholic Church (which uses Ordinariate Use liturgy) celebrates Epiphanytide or the Time After Epiphany from \"Monday of Week 1 on the day following the [Feast of the] Baptism of the Lord\" until the liturgical start of Ash Wednesday; during Epiphanytide, Candlemas is highlighted as a \"Feast of the Lord\".", "Epiphany (T-Pain album) Epiphany is the second studio album by American R&B recording artist T-Pain, It was released on June 5, 2007, by his record label Nappy Boy Entertainment, (under the distribution of Akon's label Konvict Muzik, Jive Records, and Zomba Label Group). The album marks as a first for T-Pain, who launched his own record label Nappy Boy Entertainment. Critics gave the album positive reviews for T-Pain's production and his use of various characters throughout its track listing. \"Epiphany\" debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spawned three singles: \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\", \"Bartender\" and \"Church\". The album's lead single, \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" was released on February 20, 2007. The song features guest vocals from a fellow southern hip hop rapper Yung Joc. T-Pain provides the production on this track. The song peaked at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it his highest-charting single as a lead artist. The album's second single, \"Bartender\" was released on June 5, 2007. The song features guest vocals from musician and his then label-mate Akon, with T-Pain, who also produced this track. The song peaked at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Epiphany\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who drew comparisons to fellow R&B singer R. Kelly. Gentry Boeckel of \"PopMatters\" credited T-Pain on his production and use of various characters on the songs he wrote."], "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#2", "question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "rewrite": "Did T-Pain's Epiphany have any hit songs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Later, Josie offered Epiphany a title shot, which ended in a no contest when the remaining girls on the roster would interfere, surprisingly pick sides; Taryn Shay and C.J. Lane on behalf of Epiphany and The Blossoms on behalf of Josie. Epiphany teamed up with Shay on the February 17 episode of \"OVW\", defeating Lane and Josie. However, Epiphany, Lane and Shay lost to The Blossom Twins and Josie on February 28 at OVW's \"Retribution\" event in a six-women tag team match. On the March 3 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany and Shay lost to The Blossoms in a tag team match. The following week, on the March 10 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany lost to Hannah Blossom in a singles match. However, on the March 31 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany defeated Hannah Blossom. In the summer of 2010, Epiphany teamed up with various partners against opponents like Lane, Shay and The Blossoms. On December 10 at OVW's \"Saturday Night Special\" event, Epiphany teamed with her real-life cousin Rudy Switchblade to defeat C.J. Lane and Paredyse. Going onto 2011, Epiphany took part of several tag team and singles matches against opponents like Lane, Jessie Belle Smothers, Taeler Hendrix and Solo Darling. On the January 4, 2012 episode of \"OVW\", Epiphany defeated C.J. Lane. Epiphany also pinned Taeler Hendrix on the February 15 episode of \"OVW\" during a dark match. Epiphany then won a three-way match against both Lane and Hendrix.", "In mid-2006, T-Pain began work on his second album, now with the Zomba Label Group as well as Konvict Muzik and Jive Records. The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007. The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200. The record has since sold 819,000 records in the United States. The album was preceded by the lead single \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" featuring Yung Joc in February 2007. The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, becoming his first single to top charts. The album's second single, \"Bartender\", featuring Akon was released in June 2007 and reached number five on the Hot 100 and number nine on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The third and final single from the album, \"Church\", was released in October 2007 but failed to chart in the United States. Speaking in May 2007 to noted UK R&B writer Pete Lewis, of the award-winning Blues & Soul about his reason for naming his second album 'Epiphany', T-Pain stated: \"One of the two dictionary meanings of epiphany is 'a sudden moment of insight or revelation'. And to me the title 'Epiphany' signifies the moment I realized that, to make the best music I can, I needed to just go in the studio and be myself, and not concentrate so hard on following other people's formulas.\" While promoting his second album, T-Pain made guest appearances on multiple songs by other artists.", "Epiphany season The Epiphany season, also known as Epiphanytide, is in some churches recognized as a liturgical period following the Christmas season (Christmastide). It begins on the day of Epiphany, and ends at various points as defined by those churches. In Advent 2000, the Church of England introduced into its liturgy an optional Epiphany season by approving the \"Common Worship\" series of services as an alternative to those in the \"Book of Common Prayer\", defining Epiphanytide as lasting from the feast of the Epiphany to Candlemas. An official publication of the Church of England states: \"The Christmas season is often celebrated for twelve days, ending with the Epiphany. Contemporary use has sought to express an alternative tradition, in which Christmas lasts for a full forty days, ending with the Feast of the Presentation on February 2. \" It presents the latter part of this period as the Epiphany season, comprising the Sundays of Epiphany and ending \"only with the Feast of the Presentation (Candlemas)\". The Church of England's optional Epiphany season thus begins at Evening Prayer on the Eve of the Epiphany (which may be celebrated on January 6 or the Sunday between January 2 and 8) and ends at Evening Prayer (or Night Prayer) on the Feast of the Presentation (which may be celebrated on 2 February or on the Sunday between January 28 and February 3). The Epiphany season is seen as in some sense a continuation of the Christmas season, and together they last forty days. The three main events focused on during the Epiphany season are the visit of the Magi, the baptism of Jesus, and Jesus' miracle at the marriage at Cana.", "She got a job as producer of \u201cEveryday Heroes,\u201d and had a sexual fling with Sonny Corinthos. She also helped Jason Morgan save the kidnapped Jake Spencer. Epiphany Johnson is a fictional character on the American soap opera \"General Hospital\", originated by Sonya Eddy. Epiphany has been the head nurse at General Hospital since the character debuted in March 2006 on a recurring basis. She is the mother of Stan Johnson, who worked for Sonny Corinthos and Jason Morgan in their mob organization. Eddy was upgraded to contract status in August 2007 when she began appearing on the spin-off, . She was downgraded to recurring status in 2011. No-nonsense nurse Epiphany Johnson is a force to be reckoned with. A full-figured woman who speaks her mind and doesn't mince words, Epiphany is quite intimidating. She is a dedicated nurse who doesn't tolerate anyone giving less than 110%. She will call out doctors and nurses alike, when she feels that they are being less than professional. She has a strong moral compass that was never tested more than when her only son, Stan, decided to go to work for mob boss, Sonny Corinthos. Epiphany strongly disapproved of her son squandering his education on spying for the mob. Despite her objections to Stan's career choices, Epiphany loved her son fiercely and never stopped trying to convince him to make different choices. Sadly, Epiphany would see her greatest fear realized when, during a phone call with Stan, she heard him killed in a mob-ordered hit. The pain of losing her son in such a violent manner took its toll on Epiphany. In February 2008, Epiphany suffered a serious heart attack and collapsed in the hospital locker room.", "Epiphany (T-Pain album) Epiphany is the second studio album by American R&B recording artist T-Pain, It was released on June 5, 2007, by his record label Nappy Boy Entertainment, (under the distribution of Akon's label Konvict Muzik, Jive Records, and Zomba Label Group). The album marks as a first for T-Pain, who launched his own record label Nappy Boy Entertainment. Critics gave the album positive reviews for T-Pain's production and his use of various characters throughout its track listing. \"Epiphany\" debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spawned three singles: \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\", \"Bartender\" and \"Church\". The album's lead single, \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" was released on February 20, 2007. The song features guest vocals from a fellow southern hip hop rapper Yung Joc. T-Pain provides the production on this track. The song peaked at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it his highest-charting single as a lead artist. The album's second single, \"Bartender\" was released on June 5, 2007. The song features guest vocals from musician and his then label-mate Akon, with T-Pain, who also produced this track. The song peaked at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Epiphany\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who drew comparisons to fellow R&B singer R. Kelly. Gentry Boeckel of \"PopMatters\" credited T-Pain on his production and use of various characters on the songs he wrote."], "answer": {"text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"", "answer_start": 382}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#3", "question": "Did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did T-Pain win any awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 1987 Jos\u00e9 Estrada Jr. returned to the World Wrestling Federation, he adopted a new masked persona, known as \"Conquistador Dos\", teaming with Jos\u00e9 Luis Rivera as \"Conquistador Uno\", to form a team known as \"Los Conquistadores\", which despite both wrestlers being Puerto Rican were billed as from \"Somewhere in Latin America\". The team was used mainly as enhancement talent, with their primary function to make other tag teams, especially face teams. \" Los Conquistadors\" participated in the 1988 Survivor Series. At the Survivor Series they were part of a \"5 teams vs. 5 teams\" special elimination match, teaming with Demolition (Ax and Smash), The Brain Busters (Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard), The Bolsheviks (Nikolai Volkoff and Boris Zhukov), The Fabulous Rougeaus (Raymond and Jacques Rougeau). The five tag teams took on the collective face team of The Powers of Pain (The Warlord and The Barbarian), The Rockers (Shawn Michaels and Marty Jannetty), The British Bulldogs (Davey Boy Smith and Dynamite Kid), The Hart Foundation (Bret Hart and Jim Neidhart) and The Young Stallions (Jim Powers and Paul Roma). The match came down to \"Los Conquistadors\" and the Powers of Pain as the last team on each side, with The Powers of Pain winning after Demolition's manager Mr. Fuji switched sides and helped the Powers of Pain win the match. This match would make the only time \"Los Conquistadors\" would wrestle on a WWF pay per view (PPV) show. By 1989 Estrada worked in singles matches, both as \"Conquistador Dos\" and under his real name. Estrada returned to Puerto Rico once his WWF stint ended in the spring of 1989, once again working as \"Super M\u00e9dico I\".", "\"Neuropathic\" pain is associated with chronic pain and results from a nervous system dysfunction, which causes an inappropriate response to pain. Neuropathic pain is described as burning or tingling persistent pain. Three types of nociceptive pain are experienced with chronic wounds; \"cyclic acute wound pain\", \"non cyclic acute wound pain\", and \"chronic wound pain\". Cyclic acute wound pain may be experienced in conjunction with chronic wound pain and occurs during regular routines such as dressing changes or repositioning. Noncyclic acute wound pain is intermittent and usually occurs during procedures such as sharp debridement. Chronic wound pain is described as acute or chronic. Acute pain is nociceptive pain that serves as a warning to prevent mechanical, chemical, and thermal injuries. Acute pain is relieved when the damaging source is reduced. Chronic pain has physical and emotional components and is rarely an indication of ongoing damage. In order to effectively manage wound pain, the type of wound pain must be determined to facilitate pain relief. Neuropathic pain may require different interventions and medications than the traditional analgesics, which are effective in the treatment of nociceptive pain. Verbalization of pain is considered the most valid indicator of pain because pain is subjective and whatever the individual complaining of pain says it is. Standardized tools that have been validated in the assessment of pain are commonly used to assess wound pain are; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numeric Box Scale (NBS), Faces Pain Rating Scale (FRS), and The Short McGill Pain Questionnaire, which may be difficult to use with patients who are unable to verbalize and describe their pain. The Wound Pain Management Model (WPMM) was developed to outline the important components of wound pain assessment. The WPMM indicates wound pain assessment should include; location, intensity, duration, and the impact on quality of life.", "Upon reaching at the summit of the glacier, at 85\u00b0 36\u2032 S, Amundsen prepared for the final stage of the journey. Of the 45 dogs who had made the ascent (7 had perished during the Barrier stage), only 18 would go forward; the remainder were to be killed for food. Each of the sledge-drivers killed dogs from his own team, skinned them, and divided the meat between dogs and men. \"We called the place the Butchers' Shop\", Amundsen recalled. \" [T]here was depression and sadness in the air; we had grown so fond of our dogs\". Regrets did not prevent the team from enjoying the plentiful food; Wisting proved particularly skilful in his preparation and presentation of the meat. The party loaded up three sledges with supplies for a march of up to 60 days, leaving the remaining provisions and dog carcasses in a depot. Bad weather prevented their departure until 25 November, when they set off cautiously over the unknown ground in persistent fog. They were travelling over an icy surface broken by frequent crevasses, which together with the poor visibility slowed their progress. Amundsen called this area the \"Devil's Glacier\". On 4 December they came to an area where the crevasses were concealed under layers of snow and ice with a space between, which gave what Amundsen called an \"unpleasantly hollow\" sound as the party passed over it. He christened this area \"The Devil's Ballroom. \" When later that day they emerged on to more solid ground, they had reached 87\u00b0 S. On 8 December the Norwegians passed Shackleton's Farthest South record of 88\u00b0 23\u2032. As they neared the pole, they looked for any break in the landscape that might indicate another expedition had got there ahead of them.", "Of the 10 ARMCO igloos erected at 13 AAOD, the APA theatre igloo is the last known surviving example on the Atherton Tablelands. The segmented-arch frame profile differs from the other steel-framed igloo types erected in WWII Queensland, such as Nissen or Quonset huts. Another ARMCO igloo, of the same size and framework structure, survives at Dutton Street in Cairns, and this may also have been moved from 13 AAOD. The ARMCO igloo in Dutton Street, Cairns was moved to the site after 1952.</ref > Two other ARMCO igloos, located at Ergon Energy's McLeod Street Depot, Cairns were demolished in 2007. The McLeod Street igloos were apparently surplus military buildings relocated from the Martyn Street council depot after WWII. The two igloos, which were at the McLeod Street site by 1949, are identified as Quonset huts, but the framework matches the ARMCO style; Quonset hut arches form a smooth curve, and are spaced apart. A third igloo at the McLeod Street depot (frame type unconfirmed) survives, measuring . Other WWII igloos survive on the Tablelands at: There is also a steel-framed igloo at Malanda (a Mitre 10 store in 2015), which is possibly a larger ARMCO, but it was purchased post-war in a kit form; and a steel-framed igloo (purchased in kit form, post-war) exists on Railway Lane in Atherton (about ). The ARMCO igloo and the adjacent gabled roof former workshop building are the last remnants of the Atherton Tableland Maize Marketing Boards' complex in Atherton, as the silos and office were demolished between 2002 and 2010.", "Leucoptera acromelas Leucoptera acromelas is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae that is endemic to Australia. They probably mine the leaves of their host plant."], "answer": {"text": "The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart,", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#4", "question": "Did he tour?", "rewrite": "Did T-Pain tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Get Off on the Pain Get Off on the Pain is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Gary Allan. It was released on March 9, 2010 via MCA Nashville. The album's first single, \"Today\", was released in June 2009 and was a Top 20 hit. Its second single, the title track, was released on March 15, 2010 and debuted at number 42 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. The third single \"Kiss Me When I'm Down\" was released in September 2010. On August 24, 2009, Allan announced his \"Get Off on the Pain tour,\" in promotion of the album. The 25 city tour started on October 14 in Chicago, Illinois and concluded on December 31 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Special guests on the tour included Justin Moore, Eli Young Band, Jack Ingram, and Stoney LaRue. The first single from the album, \"Today,\" was released on June 12, 2009. The music video for the single was filmed live during a performance from his \"Get Off on the Pain Tour\". The title track was released as the album's second single in March 2010. It debuted at number 42 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart, and peaked at number 18. \"Get Off on the Pain\" debuted at number two on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums and number five on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200, selling 65,000 copies in its first week of release. In its second week of release, the album dropped to number sixteen on the \"Billboard\" 200 selling 24,341 copies. In its third week of release, the album dropped to number twenty-four on the \"Billboard\" 200 selling 15,555 copies.", "Breed the Pain\" in 2005. It was recorded at Studio Underground in Sweden. Matt Sheppard wrote or co-wrote six of the songs on the album, and his girlfriend provided the artwork. Matt and Sam Sheppard left 8 Foot Sativa after the Breed the Pain tour. They later reformed their previous band, Sinate. They joined forces with 8 Foot Sativa's guitar technician Sean Parkinson and Antony \"Colonel\" Folwell from the band Reprobate. Justin 'Jackhammer' Niessen toured with the band temporarily from 9 September until 17 September, playing a four concert tour around New Zealand. This tour also saw newcomers William Cleverdon and Corey Friedlander, joining the band. For the concert tour, Niessen and the band plays songs mainly from \"Hate Made Me\" and \"Season for Assault\", the albums which Niessen sang in. Ben Read, from New Zealand death metal band Ulcerate and formerly of premiere hardcore band Kill Me Quickly, joined the band as the new vocalist. 8 Foot Sativa, went over to Studio Underground in Sweden again to record their fourth album, titled \"Poison of Ages\". However, Corey Friedlander did not end up recording the drums. Instead, Steven Westerberg, the drummer from Carnal Forge, did the session work for this album. William Cleverdon left the band shortly after the album was recorded. In mid-2006, William Cleverdon rejoined the band on second guitar, with Corey Friedlander left due to personal reasons around that time, and decided to primarily focus on his other band \"\"Final Eve\"\". Jamie Saint Merat, also from \"Ulcerate\", joined to replace Friedlander. In October 2006, original member Brent Fox decided to leave the band, leaving Gary Smith as the only original member. Fox was replaced by Rommily Smith.", "Beyond The Threshold of Pain Tour The Beyond The Threshold Of Pain Tour was a concert tour played by the heavy metal band Mot\u00f6rhead in support of their debut album, Mot\u00f6rhead. The Tour which had 2 legs lasting 8 months starting on 3 June 1977, and ending on 16 November 1978.", "Theatre of Pain Tour The Theatre of Pain Tour was a concert tour by American glam metal band M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce in support of their latest album release \"Theatre of Pain\". It was the first full worldwide headlining tour for the band following the success of the single \"Home Sweet Home\". ticket stub Roanoke civic center cellar door concerts", "Girls, Girls, Girls Tour The Girls, Girls, Girls Tour was a concert tour by American glam metal band M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce in support of their latest release Girls, Girls, Girls. Coming off of the massive success of the Theatre of Pain Tour and the single Home Sweet Home the album was a smash hit; with the title track becoming the most played song in strip clubs. The music video for Wild Side was filmed at the Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana. Whitesnake and an up and coming Guns N' Roses opened throughout the tour. The tour was also their last before all band members entered rehabilitation for alcohol and drug addiction. A planned 1988 European tour was cancelled by manager Doc McGhee fearing the band would not survive if they embarked on the tour."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have any other hit songs?", "rewrite": "Did T-Pain have any other hit songs, along with \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin') \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" is a song by American singer-songwriter T-Pain, released on February 20, 2007, as the lead single from his second studio album, \"Epiphany\". The song, produced by T-Pain himself, features a guest verse from American rapper Yung Joc. T-Pain describes the meaning of the song as \"... these days lots of people begin their relationships in the clubs. Whole conversations begin with some guy buying a young lady a drink. I wanted to make a song for those folks.\" The song is noted for having many references to other popular dance/rap songs: The song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number 84 on the issue date of March 10, 2007. On the issue date of May 12, 2007 the single became T-Pain's first and Yung Joc's second number 1 single on \"Billboard\"'s Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart. On the same \"Billboard\" magazine issue date, \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" became T-Pain's highest charting single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 to date, surpassing the number 5 peak of \"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\". On the issue date of May 26, 2007, \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" reached number 1, becoming T-Pain as well as Yung Joc's first number 1 single on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song was less popular in the United Kingdom, failing to appear on the official UK Singles Chart.", "T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain, an American recording artist, consists of six studio albums, one compilation album, one soundtrack album, one instrumental album, seven mixtapes, eighty-nine singles (including seventy-one as a featured artist), and nineteen music videos. On December 6, 2005, his debut studio album \"Rappa Ternt Sanga\" debuted at number 33 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. Both singles, \"I'm Sprung\" and \"I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)\", peaked in the top ten on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. After that, he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 and singer Kandi Burruss on the single \"U and Dat\", which peaked at number 13 in the United States. In 2007, his second album, titled \"Epiphany\" (2007), debuted at number 1 in the United States. The lead single \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" peaked at number 1 in the United States, the follow-up single \"Bartender\" peaked at number 5, and \"Church\" was released as the album's third single. During 2007, T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists, the most commercially successful of these being \"Low\" by Flo Rida, which peaked at number 1 in the United States and on several national singles charts worldwide. In November 2008, T-Pain released his third studio album, \"Three Ringz\" which debuted at number 4 in the United States. Three singles were released from the album: \"Chopped 'n' Skrewed\", \" Can't Believe It\", and \"Freeze\".", "Vibe\" also pointed to one characteristic trait of snap&B, saying that, unlike slow jams, which may feature snapping, a track should be \"pop\" as well to be called \"snap&B\". Snap continued to maintain a strong presence on the mainstream Billboard Charts in 2007. In late 2007, then 17-year-old American rapper Soulja Boy released his hit \" Crank That\", which enjoyed the number one position in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for 7 weeks, and was nominated for a Grammy and became one of the main hits of the year, advancing the influence of snap music on the \"Billboard\" charts, as well as furthering delving into the crunk genre. During the same year, a number of websites specializing in crunk mixtapes opened, increasing exposure to the genre. Producer T-Pain has entered \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts with his snap&B hit, \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\". The latter one spotted number-one on \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and became number-68 in \"Rolling Stone \"'s \"Best Songs of 2007\" list. In November 2008, Atlanta rapper V.I.C. released his hit snap single Get Silly which peaked at #29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and garnered single sales of 500,000 copies sold. This popularity even spilled over into comedy, as The Boondocks portrayed \"The Story of Gangstalicious\", a rapper whose hit within the show was \"Homies Over Hoes\", a clear homage to Laffy Taffy.", "In mid-2006, T-Pain began work on his second album, now with the Zomba Label Group as well as Konvict Muzik and Jive Records. The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007. The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200. The record has since sold 819,000 records in the United States. The album was preceded by the lead single \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" featuring Yung Joc in February 2007. The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, becoming his first single to top charts. The album's second single, \"Bartender\", featuring Akon was released in June 2007 and reached number five on the Hot 100 and number nine on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The third and final single from the album, \"Church\", was released in October 2007 but failed to chart in the United States. Speaking in May 2007 to noted UK R&B writer Pete Lewis, of the award-winning Blues & Soul about his reason for naming his second album 'Epiphany', T-Pain stated: \"One of the two dictionary meanings of epiphany is 'a sudden moment of insight or revelation'. And to me the title 'Epiphany' signifies the moment I realized that, to make the best music I can, I needed to just go in the studio and be myself, and not concentrate so hard on following other people's formulas.\" While promoting his second album, T-Pain made guest appearances on multiple songs by other artists.", "Epiphany (T-Pain album) Epiphany is the second studio album by American R&B recording artist T-Pain, It was released on June 5, 2007, by his record label Nappy Boy Entertainment, (under the distribution of Akon's label Konvict Muzik, Jive Records, and Zomba Label Group). The album marks as a first for T-Pain, who launched his own record label Nappy Boy Entertainment. Critics gave the album positive reviews for T-Pain's production and his use of various characters throughout its track listing. \"Epiphany\" debuted at number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spawned three singles: \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\", \"Bartender\" and \"Church\". The album's lead single, \"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\" was released on February 20, 2007. The song features guest vocals from a fellow southern hip hop rapper Yung Joc. T-Pain provides the production on this track. The song peaked at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making it his highest-charting single as a lead artist. The album's second single, \"Bartender\" was released on June 5, 2007. The song features guest vocals from musician and his then label-mate Akon, with T-Pain, who also produced this track. The song peaked at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Epiphany\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who drew comparisons to fellow R&B singer R. Kelly. Gentry Boeckel of \"PopMatters\" credited T-Pain on his production and use of various characters on the songs he wrote."], "answer": {"text": "In two weeks in late 2007, T-Pain was featured on four top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart", "answer_start": 276}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#6", "question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides T-Pain being featured on four top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, Is there anything else interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The album's leading track, \"Black or White\", was an instant hit upon its release that November, reaching the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart just three weeks after it was released, staying there for seven weeks. It was the fastest chart topper since The Beatles' \"Get Back\" in 1969 and was also the best-selling single worldwide of 1992. Jackson had four top-ten singles in the United States from the album including \"Remember the Time\", which peaked at No. 3 on the Hot 100 chart and reached No. 1 on the R&B chart, making it his first R&B number-one since \"Another Part of Me\" nearly four years earlier. \" In the Closet\", which peaked at No. 6 on the Hot 100, also reached No. 1 on the R&B chart. The last top-ten single for the album was \" Will You Be There\", which reached No. 7 and was buttressed by being on the soundtrack of \"Free Willy\". Its appearance in the film also helped sales for \"Dangerous\". \" Who Is It\" peaked at No. 14 on the Hot 100, while \"Jam\" and \"Heal the World\" arrived at No. 26 and No. 27 respectively, becoming Jackson's lowest showings since early 1979. The overseas-only single, \"Give In to Me\", reached the top five in the UK, Netherlands, Australia and hitting the top of the charts in New Zealand; while \"Gone Too Soon\", another overseas single, was more moderately received, charting within the top forty in the UK. The singles of \"Dangerous\" were more successful overseas than in the United States. In the UK alone, seven singles reached the top ten. This set a record for any studio album in the UK until Calvin Harris surpassed it in 2013.", "List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 2012 This is a list of singles that charted in the top ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, an all-genre singles chart, in 2012. Sixty-two singles charted in the top ten during the year. Fifty acts scored a top-ten hit, with seventeen achieving their first hits as lead or featured artists. Rapper Nicki Minaj garnered five top-ten singles during the year, the most of any artist, while Gotye's \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" was the longest-running top-ten single of the year, spending twenty-four weeks in the tier. Following her death on February 11, 2012, singer Whitney Houston placed three re-entries in the top fifty of the Hot 100 on the week ending February 25, 2012, led by \"I Will Always Love You\" at number seven. Such re-entries of catalog songs are rare as \"Billboard\" maintains a policy deeming songs ineligible to chart due to moving to the recurrent list after twenty weeks if ranking below number fifty. After Houston's death, however, an adjustment in this policy allowed catalog songs to re-enter the chart's upper half if sales and airplay activity merit inclusion, as was the case with \"I Will Always Love You\", which surged after the singer's death in digital sales by 6,723% and in airplay by 915% from the previous week. Phillip Phillips's \"Home\" became the first song to enter the top ten in separate chart runs in a single calendar year when it re-entered on the weeks ending August 18, 2012 and December 8, 2012 . The song debuted at number ten on the week ending June 9, 2012 and spent a sole week in the top ten before falling off the chart three weeks later.   ! Top tenentry date ! Single ! Artist(s) !", "List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 1987 The \"Billboard\" Hot 100 is a record chart that ranks the best-performing singles in the United States. The chart is published by \"Billboard\" magazine and issued weekly; chart rankings are based primarily on each single's weekly sales and radio airplay figures. Throughout the history of the Hot 100, several alterations and additions have been incorporated to the methods by which chart data is obtained and compiled. Until 1991, sales and airplay information was compiled based on reports from record stores and radio playlists. \" Billboard\" has since utilized tracking systems such as Nielsen SoundScan and Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems in compiling the chart. In 1987, one-hundred twenty-three singles reached the top ten of the Hot 100. One-hundred twelve singles reached their peaks within the year, while the remaining eleven reached their peaks in preceding and succeeding years. \"Walk Like an Egyptian\" by American rock band The Bangles topped the 1987 \"Billboard\" year-end chart for the most successful singles of the year. American recording artist Madonna scored four top ten hits in 1987\u2014\"Open Your Heart\", \"La Isla Bonita\", \"Who's That Girl\" and \"Causing a Commotion\"\u2014the most for any artist in the year. Among the genres that surged in popularity during the year was hard rock, with bands such as Poison, Whitesnake and Bon Jovi experiencing massive commercial success on \"Billboard\" charts. All three acts reached the top ten of the Hot 100 in 1987, with the latter two topping the chart with their respective singles \"Here I Go Again\" and \"Livin' on a Prayer\". Urban contemporary music also reached a wider audience, with artists such as Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam and Expos\u00e9 scoring several top ten hits.", "The album's lead single, \"Wall to Wall\", peaked at number 79 on US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and number 22 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"Kiss Kiss\", featuring and produced by T-Pain, was released as the album's second single. It reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and became Brown's second number one single following \"Run It!\" in 2005. \"With You\", a song produced by Stargate, was released as the third single from Exclusive, and reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. On November 21, 2007, Brown appeared in This Christmas, a family drama starring Regina King. To further support the album Exclusive, Brown embarked on his The Exclusive Holiday Tour, visiting over thirty venues in United States. The tour began in Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 6, 2007, and concluded on February 9, 2008, in Honolulu, Hawaii. In March 2008, Brown was featured on Jordin Sparks' single \"No Air\", which peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. He also made a guest appearance on Ludacris' single \"What Them Girls Like\" alongside Sean Garrett. The song peaked at number 17 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, and number eight on the US Hot Rap Songs chart. Brown re-released Exclusive on June 3, 2008, as a deluxe edition, renamed Exclusive: The Forever Edition, seven months after the release of the original version. The re-released version featured four new tracks, including the single \"Forever\", which reached number two on Billboard Hot 100. In August 2008, Brown guest-starred on Disney's The Suite Life of Zack & Cody as himself.", "List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 2010 This is a list of singles that have peaked in the Top 10 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 during 2010 (see 2010 in music). The date is when the song entered the top 10 for the first time. Fifty-seven singles reached the top ten in 2010. Fifty acts scored a US top ten hit during the year, with nineteen acts reaching the top ten for the first time either as a lead artist or featured artist. Kesha scored six top-ten singles during the year\u2014\"Tik Tok\" (entered the top 10 on November 28, 2009) , \"Blah Blah Blah\" ( featuring 3OH!3) , \"Your Love Is My Drug\", \" My First Kiss\" (3OH!3 featuring Kesha), \"Take It Off\", and \"We R Who We R\"\u2014the most among all other artists. She is also the 11th female solo artist to garner four top-ten songs from a debut album. Rihanna had the second most top-ten singles in 2010, with five. The single with the longest run in the top ten was \"Just the Way You Are\" by Bruno Mars which was his debut single, spending twenty-two consecutive weeks in the top ten. It spent four consecutive weeks at number one. The longest time that a 2010 single spent at number one was nine weeks by \"Tik Tok\" by Kesha, and seven weeks by \"Love the Way You Lie\" by Eminem featuring Rihanna. Train and The Black Eyed Peas were the only bands to get a top 10 single. \" Hey, Soul Sister\" by Train spent 19 weeks in the top 10 and spent a total of 55 weeks on the Hot 100. Notes:"], "answer": {"text": "Good Life\" with Kanye West later won the BET Award for Best Collaboration", "answer_start": 380}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "In two weeks in late 2007, T-Pain was featured on four top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart", "answer_start": 276, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#7", "question": "What year did he win the award?", "rewrite": "What year did T-Pain win the BET Award for Best Collaboration?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["T-Pain was featured on \"I'm a Flirt\" (remix) by R. Kelly with T.I., \"Outta My System\" by Bow Wow, \"Baby Don't Go\" by Fabolous, \"I'm So Hood\" by DJ Khaled with many other rappers, \"Shawty\" by Plies, \"Kiss Kiss\" by Chris Brown, \"Low\" by Flo Rida, and \"Good Life\" by Kanye West. In two weeks in late 2007, T-Pain was featured on four top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart  \"Good Life\" with Kanye West later won the BET Award for Best Collaboration and was nominated in several other categories. In 2008, the single won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Song.", "NPR included on their list of favorite songs Of 2015. Stephen Thompson wrote, \"If you're going to hear a song on the radio 15,000 times in a single summer, it might as well be this one\". On 26 January 2015, the song was voted number six on radio station Triple J's Hottest 100 of 2014. \"Uptown Funk\" has received various awards and nominations following its commercial success. In 2015, the song won British Single of the Year at the Brit Awards, Best Pop at MelOn Music Awards and was one of the Top 10 Gold International Gold Songs at RTHK International Pop Poll Awards. The track also won BMI Pop Song of the Year at the BMI Awards, Song of the Year at Telehit Awards and Song of the Year at Soul Train Music Awards. It also received Soul Train nominations for The Ashford & Simpson Songwriter's Award and Best Collaboration. The single was nominated for Single of the Year and Collaboration of the Year at the 2015 American Music Awards, International Hit of the Year at the Danish GAFFA Awards and Best International Song at the Los Premios 40 Principales. It was also nominated for Best Collaboration and Centric Award at the BET Awards, Best Song and Best Collaboration at the MTV Europe Music Awards and Dancefloor Filler at the NME Awards. In 2016, \"Uptown Funk\" received Grammy awards for Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 58th Grammy Awards. It also won International Work of the Year at the APRA Music Awards, Best Collaboration at the iHeartRadio Music Awards, while it was nominated for Song of the Year. The song was also nominated for Top Radio Song and Top Streaming Song (Video) at the Billboard Music Awards.", "Pitchfork Media's \"Top 500 songs of the 2000s\" listed the song at number 43. At the 2007 BET Hip Hop Awards in October, \"International Player's Anthem\" was nominated for Best Video and won Best Collaboration. Kanye West had won the Best Video award but felt UGK deserved it more, subsequently calling up Big Boi during his acceptance speech, who returned the award feeling Kanye West deserved it. At the 2008 BET Awards the song won BET Award for Video of the Year.", "Chris Zakorchemny felt that Gaga \"does her best Beyonce impression\" in the video for the song. However, he said that \"Even with Gaga involved, the Hype Williams-produced video doesn't veer too much into the weird; it's certainly not Gaga-setting-men-on-fire weird.\" Margaret Wappler of \"The Arizona Republic\" praised the video saying that it had \"electrifying color schemes and high-shine lighting, resulting in a fantastical pop mirage between Lady Gaga and Beyonce\". She further called it a \"kinetic spectacle to behold, with enough guns to make Ted Nugent weep with jealousy and some hot Bettie Page bangs on Beyonce that should prompt plenty of ladies to run to the hairdresser\". Wappler finished her review by concluding that \"the whole video has a distinct and not unpleasant 90s vibe.\" Francesca Stabile of \"The Village Voice\" gave a positive review for the video praising the outfits used in the video and the \"oversized sequined sweater that makes an appearance toward the end\". The music video ranked at ninety-nine on \"BET: Notarized Top 100 Videos of 2009 \" countdown. In 2010, the music video of \"Video Phone\" received a nomination at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards Japan, in the category of \"Best Collaboration Video\". The video received two nominations at the BET Awards 2010 for \"Video of the Year\" and for \"Best Collaboration\", winning the former category on April 27, 2010. On August 3, 2010, the video received five nominations at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, in the categories of Best Choreography, Best Collaboration, Best Pop Video, Best Female Video and Best Art Direction. Credits are taken from \" I Am... Sasha Fierce\" liner notes.", "BET Award for Best Collaboration The BET Award for Best Collaboration honors rap collaborations, R&B collaborations or Rap/Sung collaborations. The award was first introduced in the 2003 ceremony, since its conception Jay-Z holds the record for most wins in this category with three. Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold."], "answer": {"text": "2007,", "answer_start": 297}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "In two weeks in late 2007, T-Pain was featured on four top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart", "answer_start": 276, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Good Life\" with Kanye West later won the BET Award for Best Collaboration", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4ea3e0c73484c928e9d0a43f2fe7058_1_q#8", "question": "Did he work with any other artists?", "rewrite": "Did T-Pain work with any other artists, besides Kanye West?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sanctified (song) \"Sanctified\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Rick Ross, taken from his sixth studio album \"Mastermind\" (2014). The song, produced by Kanye West, Mike Dean, and DJ Mustard, featuring guest appearances by rappers Kanye West and Big Sean. It was written by the aforementioned rappers and producers and Betty Wright sang the hook. \"Sanctified\" garnered critical acclaim from music critics, with most praising the production and Kanye West's appearance. Despite not being released as a single, it is the highest charting song on \"Mastermind\" to date, debuting at number 25 on the UK R&B Chart, number 78 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 99 on the Canadian Hot 100 upon the album's release. In February 2014, a short preview of the song was released featuring the chorus, performed by Kanye West and Big Sean. Following the track list reveal for the album, on February 7, 2014, producer DJ Mustard revealed that he co-produced \"Sanctified\" with Kanye West. The song was also produced by Mike Dean, along with being written by William Roberts, Sean Anderson, Kanye West, and Dijon McFarlane. Betty Wright lent her vocal talent to the song during a late night studio session she did as a favor to DJ Khaled in order for him to meet a deadline. She recorded the hook in fifteen minutes while sitting on a sofa In the song, West raps about how he feels about people playing up his earlier works and dismiss who he is now, before saying that he's not going to worry about it. Then later he says, \"Wipe my forehead with a handkerchief and wash my sins in the blood of Jesus, People sayin', ' Ye, we need another \"Yeezus\". \" This being a reference to his experimental sixth studio album.", "Love, Life &amp; Loyalty  Love, Life & Loyalty is the debut studio album by American hip hop artist GLC, released on October 12, 2010 on Ylimit Records. The album was mostly produced by Kanye West, but he received other production collaborations, like the producer and singer T-Pain, among Legendary Traxster and the rest of Kanye's GOOD Music producers. The album featured production by Arlo Jackson, Sean Breeze, Dae Dae, Ferrari Mike, Leonard Harris, GLC, Keezo Kane, The Legendary Traxster, T-Pain, Christian Rich, Arron Starr, Albert Sye, Kanye West, Xcel, this influenced in the album style and lyricism, who assumed alternative hip hop characteristics, added at the midwest rap style, who created a new fusion in GLC's career. In the lyricism predominated the old southern lyrical styles, over the GLC compositions and Kanye's production, and the lyricism was compared to Kanye's debut and second albums. The album was announced by GLC at the beginning of the year, and was promoted with the single \"Flight School\". GLC also promoted his work in Kid Cudi's , in the track \"The End\", along Nicole Wray, Cudi and Chip tha Ripper. GLC helped Kanye's fifth album in the background vocals. GOOD Music officially announced the album in September. The album charted at #90 in \"Billboard\" R&B Albums. Critic response was the mostly positive in the alternative hip hop and UK scene. The best received tracks were \"Flight School\" and \"Clockin' Lotsa Dollarz\". The album's single \"Flight School\", featured production and vocals from his mentor, Kanye West, as well as T-Pain.", "Kanye West production discography The following list is a discography of production by Kanye West, an American rapper and record producer. It includes all of his work, as well as music he produced and co-produced. The music is listed in sequential order by release date. Disc 1: Disc 2:       Disc 1:                                                                                              00. \" So Lost\"                                                                2. \" Kanye West Produces Two Unreleased Tracks For E-40's \"My Ghetto Report Card\" Album\": http://www.dubcnn.com/interviews/bosko/  3. \" Lil Wayne Gives Tity Boi A Kanye West-Produced Track For New Tape\": http://www.mtv.com/news/1637269/lil-wayne-gives-tity-boi-a-kanye-west-produced-track-for-new-tape  4. \" Nipsey Hussle Acquires A Kanye West-Produced Track For His Project\": http://www.dubcnn.com/interviews/nipseyhussle/", "Really Doe Warren Trotter (born July 21, 1980), professionally known as Really Doe, is an American rapper and songwriter from Chicago, Illinois. He was signed to Kanye West's record label GOOD Music from 2004 to 2008. He released his debut studio album \"First Impressions\" in 2009, through Cartel Records. He was also a part of the hip hop group The Go Getters with rappers Kanye West and GLC formed in 1999. Really Doe, a Grammy Award-winning songwriter, signed with Kanye West's G.O.O.D. Music label in 2005. He became one-third of the group The Go Getters, formed by Kanye West and label mate GLC. Really Doe made a guest appearance on Kanye West's \u201cWe Major\u201d (featuring Nas) and Consequence\u2019s \u201cDisperse\u201d (Featuring GLC.) Really Doe signed with Cartel Records in 2009. Working with music producer Griffin Guess, he composed the single \u201cPlastic\u201d, featuring Kanye West available on iTunes. He performed the song with Kanye West at Fader Magazine\u2019s FORT in Austin Texas. Really Doe\u2019s first album, \u201cFirst Impressions\u201d, released on August 18, 2009, addresses a litany of topics that range from personal struggles of growing up in Chicago, to the current political landscape and all that falls in between. Kanye West and up and coming producer Jaye Jeffers are featured on the album. Really Doe undertook a multi-city tour with Latin hip-hop duo, Wisin Y Yandel, in California and Texas. Really Doe has also had write-ups in \"XXL\" as well as \"GIANT\" Magazine. Really Doe took to the Jimmy Kimmel Live! stage in January 2010, and followed that with a performance on The Mo'Nique Show in that same month.", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) \"Big Brother\" is a song by American hip-hop artist Kanye West. It was released on his 2007 studio album, \"Graduation\". The song was produced by Atlanta record producer DJ Toomp. \" Big Brother\" is a tribute by Kanye dedicated to Jay-Z, containing lyrics that discuss the ups and downs of their friendship. The song received very positive reviews from music critics, who praised West's lyricism and storytelling ability. Though not released as a single, \"Big Brother\" managed to enter and peak at number nineteen on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under R&B/ Hip-Hop Singles chart. \"Big Brother\" was written by Kanye West while the music was produced by Atlanta record producer DJ Toomp. It stands as the sole track on the entire album not to have production by West. Kanye wrote the song as a tribute to Jay-Z, whom he feels so close to as a friend that he sees him as a brother. The song's hook and concept was conceived while West was riding an elevator. Kanye West's cousin, G.O.O.D. Music soul singer Tony Williams, recalled that Jay-Z himself became quite emotional when West played \"Big Brother\" for him in the studio for the very first time. When asked of his opinion of the song, Jay-Z responded that he thought it was \"brilliantly written\" and that it was Kanye's best song since \"Jesus Walks\" as far as structure and emotion. Digital radio station BBC Radio 1Xtra hosted an exclusive \"Audience With Kanye West\" on August 14, 2007 at the BBC Radio Music Theatre, where West guided a specially selected audience through his third studio album \"Graduation\". It was there that Kanye claimed that he felt that \"Big Brother\" is his strongest ever lyrically, career defining record."], "answer": {"text": "\"I'm a Flirt\" (remix) by R. Kelly with T.I.,", "answer_start": 23}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Epiphany by T-Pain released?", "answer": {"text": "The album, titled Epiphany, was released on June 5, 2007.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Epiphany successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album sold 171,000 records in its first week, reaching number one on the Billboard 200.", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "\"Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')\"", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The single reached number one on both the Hot 100 and Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart,", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "In two weeks in late 2007, T-Pain was featured on four top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart", "answer_start": 276, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Good Life\" with Kanye West later won the BET Award for Best Collaboration", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What year did he win the award?", "answer": {"text": "2007,", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#0", "question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "rewrite": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Cities of Refuge were to serve as places to which a slayer who had killed a person unintentionally could flee from the avenger, so that the slayer might not die without a trial before the assembly. Anyone, however, who struck and killed another with an iron object, stone tool, or wood tool was to be considered a murderer, and was to be put to death. The blood-avenger was to put the murderer to death upon encounter. Similarly, if the killer pushed or struck the victim by hand in hate or hurled something at the victim on purpose and death resulted, the assailant was to be put to death as a murderer. But if the slayer pushed the victim without malice aforethought, hurled an object at the victim unintentionally, or inadvertently dropped on the victim any deadly object of stone, and death resulted \u2014 without the victim being an enemy of the slayer and without the slayer seeking the victim harm \u2014 then the assembly was to decide between the slayer and the blood-avenger. The assembly was to protect the slayer from the blood-avenger, and the assembly was to restore the slayer to the city of refuge to which the slayer fled, and there the slayer was to remain until the death of the high priest. But if the slayer ever left the city of refuge, and the blood-avenger came upon the slayer outside the city limits, then there would be no bloodguilt if the blood-avenger killed the slayer. The slayer was to remain inside the city of refuge until the death of the high priest, after which the slayer could return to his land. A slayer could be executed only on the evidence of more than one witness. The Israelites were not to accept a ransom for the life of a murderer guilty of a capital crime; the murderer was to be put to death.", "Slayer rule The slayer rule, in the common law of inheritance, stops a person inheriting property from a person he or she murders (e.g., a murderer does not inherit from parents or a spouse he or she killed). In figuring inheritance of the decedent's estate, the slayer is treated as though he or she had died before the person he or she murdered, hence his or her share of the estate would pass to his or her issue. While a criminal conviction requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt, the slayer rule applies to civil law, not criminal law, so the prosecutor must only prove the murder by a preponderance of the evidence, as in a wrongful death claim. Hence, even a slayer who is acquitted of the crime of murder can lose the inheritance by the civil court running the estate. At common law, American courts used two different theories when dealing with early slayer cases. Some courts would disinherit the slayer because of the public policy principle that a slayer should not profit from his crime (No Profit theory). In \"Mutual Life v. Armstrong\", the first American case to consider the issue of whether a slayer could profit from his crime, the Court set forth the No Profit (the term \"No Profit\" theory is a term coined by legal scholar Adam D. Hansen in an effort to distinguish early common law cases that applied a similar outcome when dealing with slayers). public policy justification of slayer statutes saying: \u201cIt would be a reproach to the jurisprudence of the country if one could recover insurance money payable on the death of the party whose life he had feloniously taken.\u201d Other courts were reluctant to disinherit a slayer in absence of a legislatively codified statute directing the court to do so (Strict Construction theory).", "Due to the violent nature of the life of a Slayer, their average lifespan is quite short after being called. Consequently, the Shadow Men's spell also created a large number of Potential Slayers\u2014normal girls around the world who may one day be called. When a Slayer dies, one of the Potentials\u2014seemingly chosen at random\u2014gains the powers and abilities of a Slayer. The Watcher's Council tries to identify and train these \"Potentials\" before they are called, locating some as babies, but are not always able to do so, with some girls only being found after they have been activated as the Slayer. This process continues through the generations until 1997, when one Slayer\u2014Buffy Summers\u2014is killed in battle (by drowning) only to be revived via CPR. Buffy retains her Slayer powers, but her clinical death is enough for the next Slayer to be called. For the next year there are two Slayers in the world: first Kendra, who was called on Buffy's death, and then Faith, who was called when Kendra was killed by Drusilla. Regardless, Buffy is still referred to as \"the\" Slayer. Buffy's second death did not result in another slayer being called because of Faith\u2014a new slayer would not be called until her death; however, Buffy's second resurrection for some reason caused an imbalance in the Slayer line. Following her first death, Mayor Wilkins says that he does not want Buffy killed, because that will cause a new Slayer to be called, and, when she is discussing why she has been revived a second time with Giles, Buffy states, \"It was my time, Giles. Someone would've taken my place. \" Following her second death, Buffy herself, addressing a group of Potential Slayers, says: \"My death could make you the next Slayer.\"", "Slayer discography Slayer is an American thrash metal band formed in 1981 by guitarists Kerry King and Jeff Hanneman, who recruited vocalist and bassist Tom Araya, and drummer Dave Lombardo. Slayer's first two albums, \"Show No Mercy\" (1983) and \"Hell Awaits\" (1985), which were released on Metal Blade Records, did not chart in the United States. The band was then signed to Def Jam Recordings by Rick Rubin, who produced \"Reign in Blood\" (1986). The album helped Slayer break into the \"Billboard\" 200 for the first time, peaking at number 94. After \"South of Heaven\" (1988), Slayer signed to Rubin's new label, Def American, and released \"Seasons in the Abyss\" (1990). After the album was released, Lombardo departed Slayer and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. 1994's \"Divine Intervention\", the first album to feature Bostaph, peaked at number eight in the US, the band's best chart performance at the time. \" Diabolus in Musica\" (1998) was criticized for its nu metal traits, while \"God Hates Us All\" (2001) created controversy for its graphic artwork. Bostaph left the band due to an elbow injury and was replaced by former member Lombardo. \" Christ Illusion\" (2006) was Slayer's most successful effort, debuting at number five in the US and winning two Grammy Awards. Slayer is considered one of the \"big four\" of thrash metal along with Anthrax, Metallica and Megadeth and has earned six gold certifications and one multi-platinum plaque from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "the Slayer activated again and attacks Peter, who cuts off the device's power supply with his webbing before Smythe can regain consciousness. Years later the Slayer would somehow fall into the hands of the villainous technopath the Reanimator, who added it to his collection of machinery. During a battle with Wolverine the Reanimator activated the Spider-Slayer Mark I and had it attack the hero, who easily defeated it. A replica of the Spider-Slayer was built by Alistair Smythe and destroyed by Spider-Man, who relived his first battle with the original Slayer after being flung back in time. J. Jonah Jameson would reacquire the Slayer at some point, keeping it stored in his attic. During a dinner to get to know his new daughter-in-law, the She-Hulk, various issues come to a head. Jameson snaps and using the Slayer (rechristening it the \"She-Hulk Slayer\") battles the She-Hulk inside his own house, damaging it severely. She-Hulk swiftly demolishes the robot. In the MC2 universe, Spider-Girl, Spider-Man's future daughter, is sent back in time. She encounters the original Spider-Slayer and after some confusion involving Spider-Man and the Human Torch, managed to defeat the Slayer in a manner not too dissimilar to the way Spider-Man originally did. The Mark I was covered in a special chemical coating which stopped Spider-Man's webbing and clinging abilities from working against it. The Spider-Slayer could also scale vertical surfaces and it also possessed several tentacles and coils which it could use to ensnare enemies. It was equipped with a special sensor device that homed in a target which possessed 'spider-impulses'."], "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#1", "question": "Was the album successful?", "rewrite": "Was Slayer's fourth studio album successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Swing When You're Winning Swing When You're Winning is a swing cover album by English singer-songwriter Robbie Williams, and his fourth studio album overall. It was released in the United Kingdom on 19 November 2001 and peaked at number one on the UK Albums Chart. The album's title is a play on Williams' previous album \"Sing When You're Winning\". In 2013, Williams returned to swing for his tenth studio album \"Swings Both Ways\". Unlike \"Swing When You're Winning\", however, the sequel is nearly evenly divided between covers and original songs penned by Williams and Guy Chambers. After the success of his third studio album, \"Sing When You're Winning\", Williams wanted to take another musical direction. He took two weeks off his tour to record what would be his fourth studio album, an album he described as the \"big band album he had always dreamed of making.\" The album was released in November 2001. Consisting mainly of swing covers common to the Great American Songbook, the album counts as Williams' fourth studio album. Aside from the title, the album is not directly associated with Williams' previous album, \"Sing When You're Winning\". Born from his lifelong love for Frank Sinatra, combined with the success of the track \"Have You Met Miss Jones? \" that he recorded for the film \"Bridget Jones's Diary\" in early 2001, the album was recorded at the Capitol Studios in Los Angeles, and was symbolically released under the Capitol label. The album features duets with actors Rupert Everett, Nicole Kidman, Jon Lovitz and Jane Horrocks, as well as a special guest performance from Williams' friend and former flatmate Jonathan Wilkes. Surprisingly the album features a duet with Frank Sinatra who died in 1998, on the song", "\"From the Bottle to the Bottom\" won the 1973 Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group. The couple married the year before the album's release. The album \"The Body and Soul\" was released by Tom Jones during the same year and was recorded and engineered by Haeny. The album was only released in the UK and wasn't released worldwide. Linda Ronstadt and Haeny first worked together on her fourth studio album in 1973, titled \"Don't Cry Now\". Haeny was the principal recording engineer on the album, which went Gold. \" Heart Like a Wheel\" was released in 1974 by Linda Ronstadt. The Grammy Award-winning fifth solo album was the last of her studio albums for Capitol Records. The album was seen by some as a pioneering album for the country rock genre. The album, on which Haeny was a contributing engineer, spent 51 weeks on the album chart. Little Feat's album \"Dixie Chicken\" was first released in 1973. Haeny mixed a large portion of \"Dixie Chicken\". The third studio album was considered a landmark album with the title track as their signature song that helped further define the Little Feat sound. A year later in 1974, Haeny also worked on the engineering of Little Feat's fourth studio album, \"Feats Don\u2019t Fail Me Now\". Haeny worked on the live recording for Jackson Browne's best selling album, \"For Everyman\". Browne's \"For Everyman\" album was released in 1973, which was his second studio album. Following its release, it was listed in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time in 457th position. Haeny also did the live recording on Browne's fourth studio album, \"The Pretender\".", "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album. To contrast the speed of Reign in Blood, the band consciously decided to slow down the tempos, and incorporate more melodic singing. According to Hanneman, \"We knew we couldn't top Reign in Blood, so we had to slow down. We knew whatever we did was gonna be compared to that album, and I remember we actually discussed slowing down. It was weird--we've never done that on an album, before or since.\" Released in July 1988, South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics, although it was Slayer's most commercially successful release at the time, debuting at number 57 on the Billboard 200, and their second album to receive gold certification in the United States. Press response to the album was mixed, with AllMusic citing the album as \"disturbing and powerful,\" and Kim Nelly of Rolling Stone calling it \"genuinely offensive satanic drivel.\" King said \"that album was my most lackluster performance,\" although Araya called it a \"late bloomer\" which eventually grew on people. Slayer returned to the studio in spring 1990 with co-producer Andy Wallace to record its fifth studio album. Following the backlash created by South of Heaven, Slayer returned to the \"pounding speed of Reign in Blood, while retaining their newfound melodic sense.\" Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990, was the first Slayer album to be released under Rubin's new Def American label, as he had parted ways with Def Jam owner Russell Simmons over creative differences. The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992. The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track, which was filmed in front of the Giza pyramids in Egypt.", "R\u00fcya (Hande Yener and Seksend\u00f6rt album)  R\u00fcya (\"Dream\") is a remix album by Turkish singer Hande Yener and music group Seksend\u00f6rt. It was released on 11 June 2012 by Poll Production. It Yener's first album since the release of \"Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler\". It was also the first major work by Seksend\u00f6rt since the release of their previous studio album \"Ak\u0131yor Zaman\". The album contains a new version of the song \"R\u00fcya\", performed by Yener and Seksend\u00f6rt. The song was originally released by the music group \u00dcnl\u00fc in 1996. The album also contains a new song written by Sinan Ak\u00e7\u0131l and titled \"\u00d6fkem Var\". Remixed versions of Yener and Seksend\u00f6rt's songs from their previous works were included in the album as well. In an interview, Hande Yener stated that working together with Seksend\u00f6rt was Polat Ya\u011fc\u0131's idea and added that their duet song was also chosen by Ya\u011fc\u0131. A new song written by Sinan Ak\u00e7\u0131l, titled \"\u00d6fkem Var\", was recorded and included in the album as well. The song \"R\u00fcya\" was recorded in the early months of 2012 and released on 14 April 2012 by TTNET M\u00fczik. The reviews put forward by critics about the album in Turkey were generally positive. Radioman Michael Kuyucu found the remixes in the album successful and wrote: \"'R\u00fcya' is a strange song, it begins with Arabic and unison sounds, and is noisy and I think a bit outside the molds. It's a scary song. The Alaturka motifs inside it did not suit Hande.", "Repentless Repentless is the twelfth studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer. It was released on September 11, 2015, and is the band's first album since the death of guitarist Jeff Hanneman in 2013. Gary Holt plays the guitar in his place while drummer Paul Bostaph makes his first appearance on a Slayer album since 2001's \"God Hates Us All\". The album is also Slayer's first one to be released on Nuclear Blast and was produced by Terry Date, replacing Rick Rubin after twenty-nine years and nine studio albums as their producer or executive producer. The six-year gap between \"World Painted Blood\" and \"Repentless\" is the longest between two Slayer albums to date. Three singles were released from the album: \"Repentless,\" \"You Against You\" and \"Pride In Prejudice\". The album debuted at no. 4 on the \"Billboard\" 200, the highest-charting debut from the band in its native country. It also topped the chart in Germany and featured in the top ten of almost twenty charts around the world. It received generally positive reviews from critics. With the band deciding against recording another studio album before the end of their farewell tour, \"Repentless\" is likely going to be their final album. When asked in May 2011 if Slayer was going to make a follow-up to \"World Painted Blood\", then-Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo replied that, although nothing had been written yet, there were \"definitely plans.\" In early 2011, guitarist Jeff Hanneman contracted necrotizing fasciitis. Reports linked this illness with a spider bite he claimed to have received while in a friend's hot tub. When asked about a new record, bassist Tom Araya stated that any work would have to wait until Hanneman had recovered."], "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#2", "question": "Were there any hit songs?", "rewrite": "Were there any hit songs on Slayer's South of Heaven?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hanneman described the track as \"more just like one of those odd songs that a lot of people didn't know, but it was a favorite of Kerry and I, so we just picked that one\". Meanwhile, \"Cleanse the Soul\" has been heavily criticized by King who said that he hates the track: \"That's one of the black marks in our history, in my book. I just fucking think it's horrible. [Laughs] I hate the opening riff. It's what we call a 'happy riff.' It's just like 'la-lala-la-la-la.' I can't see myself playing it, but after that, where it gets heavier, I like that section. If we ever did a medley, I'd put part of that in there.\" The Slayer boxset \"Soundtrack to the Apocalypse\" featured, along with four songs of the album, an early version of the title track, recorded at Hanneman's home. Artist Larry Carroll and illustrator Howard Schwartzberg designed the cover artwork for \"South of Heaven\", having designed the artwork for Slayer's previous album \"Reign in Blood\". Photographer Glen E. Friedman took the promotional shot which surfaced as the back cover of \"South of Heaven\" around the time of 1986's \"Reign in Blood\". Lombardo felt it made Slayer seem as though they \"had matured a little bit\", while Friedman himself deemed it \"a really cool back cover\" and \"one of the most classic shots of them [Slayer] ever\". \"South of Heaven\" was released on July 5, 1988, and was the final Slayer album distributed via Def Jam Records. When label co-founders Russell Simmons and Rubin parted ways, Slayer signed to Rubin's newly founded Def American Recordings label.", "South of Heaven South of Heaven is the fourth studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer, released on July 5, 1988 by Def Jam Recordings. The album was the band's second collaboration with producer Rick Rubin, whose production skills on their previous album \"Reign in Blood\" (1986) had helped their sound evolve. In order to offset the pace of its predecessor, Slayer deliberately slowed down the tempo on \"South of Heaven\", and utilized undistorted guitars and toned-down vocals. \" South of Heaven\" was the band's last album released by Def Jam, although the rights were transferred to Rubin's new label Def American Recordings after Rubin ended his partnership with Russell Simmons. The album was one of only two Def Jam titles to be distributed by Geffen Records through Warner Bros., as Def Jam's then-distributor Columbia refused to release work by the band. \"South of Heaven\" became Slayer's second album to enter the \"Billboard\" 200, peaking at number 57. While some critics praised the change in the band's sound, others more accustomed to the style of their earlier efforts were disappointed. Nonetheless, the songs \"Mandatory Suicide\" and the title track have since become permanent features of the band's live setlist. \"South of Heaven\" was later certified gold by the RIAA in 1992. The album was recorded in Los Angeles, California with \"Reign in Blood\" producer Rick Rubin. \"PopMatters\" reviewer Adrien Begrand observed that Rubin's production \"shoves [Dave] Lombardo's drumming right up front in the mix\". Guitarist Jeff Hanneman has since said that \"South of Heaven\" was the only album the band members discussed before writing the music.", "1995 Slayer tribute album \"Slatanic Slaughter\" featured three songs which originally appeared on \"South of Heaven\", with \"South of Heaven\", \"Mandatory Suicide\" and \"Spill the Blood\" interpreted by Cemetary, Crown of Thorns and Grope, respectively. Its 1998 follow up \"Slatanic Slaughter, Vol. 2 \" only featured two tracks originally from the album: \"Silent Scream\", arranged by Vader, and \"Read Between the Lies\", interpreted by Anathema. 1999's \"Straight to Hell: A Tribute to Slayer\" collected four Slayer renditions which originated on the album, with versions of \"South of Heaven\" performed by Abaddon, (Venom) and Electric Hellfire Club, \"Mandatory Suicide\" cut by Chapter 7 and \"Behind the Crooked Cross\" adapted by Gigantor. The 2006 Argentine tribute album \"Al Sur Del Abismo (Tributo Argentino A Slayer)\" saw Nafak and Climatic Terra also respectively cover \"South of Heaven\" and \"Mandatory Suicide\". Two songs taken from the album (\"Mandatory Suicide\" and \"South of Heaven\") have become near constant fixtures in the band's live setlist, notching up appearances on the following: the live DVDs \"Live Intrusion\", \"War at the Warfield\", \"Still Reigning\", \"Soundtrack to the Apocalypse\"'s deluxe edition's bonus live disc, and the live double album \"Decade of Aggression\". Lombardo guested with Finnish cellist group Apocalyptica on a live medley of the two tracks at 1998's Headbanger's Heaven festival in the Netherlands.", "With the proliferation of mass media, contemporary folk music from the United States slowly found its audience as well as performers, who led since the 80s one of the mainstreams of popular music in South Korea. From the late 1960s to the mid-70s, two singers took Trot's stage: Nam Jin and Na Hun-a. They were indeed the first pop idols in South Korea. The rivalry of both was so awesome that predominantly female fans were clearly formed on two fronts. Nam Jin was the first to hold his own concert in 1971 in Korean popular music history, which was then called 'recital' - actually a term for classical music rather than popular music. From the 80s, while Nam Jin could barely release hit songs like before, Na Hun-a released hit songs up to the 2000s, and his fans can still look forward to his sold-out concert in 2019. The two have very different vocal styles. Nam Jin often sang in lilting mood. Some of his hit songs are rhythmically 'unorthodox' for Trot, e.g. \"Darling, Please Don't Change\" sounds like mimetic rock and roll. Na Hun-a, on the other hand, sang throughout in 'orthodox' style for Trot, often using the extended vibrato with wonderful Kkeokk-ki technique. Na's big advantage, of course, was that he was one of the few Trot singers-songwriters to write songs exactly according to his style. Their representative hit songs in the 60s-70s are: In the second half of the 1970s, some singers appeared who were not actually Trot familiar, but just with Trot songs were popular. Among them, Kim Hun was successful with \"Leaving Me Behind, Arirang\"", "The album peaked at number 57 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart, and on November 20, 1992, became Slayer's second album to be certified gold in the United States. \"South of Heaven\" was awarded silver certification in the United Kingdom on January 1, 1993, Slayer's first record to do so in that country. Slayer's official biography states that \"some critics praised the album as demonstrating Slayer's desire to grow musically and avoid repeating themselves.\" Alex Henderson of AllMusic described the record as \"disturbing and powerful,\" while Joe Matera of \"Ultimate Guitar\" deemed the album a slight departure; he wrote that while the pace was slowed down, it \"didn't sacrifice any of the heaviness inherent in Slayer's music\". Reviewing the 2003 Slayer box set \"Soundtrack to the Apocalypse\", Adrien Begrand of PopMatters described the album as \"their most underrated, and on this set, its five selections show how highly the band thinks of the record\". \" KNAC.com\"'s Peter Atkinson was also positive, saying the album has a \"grandiosity and imposing presence\" which makes the record \"so magnificent\". Grave's Ola Lindgren and Bolt Thrower's Karl Willetts both rate \"South of Heaven\" as amongst the top five albums of all time, while Max Kolesne of Brazilian death metal group Krisiun remembers hearing the song \"Silent Scream\" for the first time : \"It just blew me away. It was like fast double-bass, fast kicks during the whole song. That was very inspiring for me. \" When discussing Slayer in an October 2007 interview, Evile frontman Matt Drake stated that while \"Reign in Blood\" \"was just speed\", \"South of Heaven\" proved that the group could write \"slow material as well\". \""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#3", "question": "Did they have any other albums?", "rewrite": "Did Slayer have any other albums, besides South of Heaven?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The album peaked at number 57 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart, and on November 20, 1992, became Slayer's second album to be certified gold in the United States. \"South of Heaven\" was awarded silver certification in the United Kingdom on January 1, 1993, Slayer's first record to do so in that country. Slayer's official biography states that \"some critics praised the album as demonstrating Slayer's desire to grow musically and avoid repeating themselves.\" Alex Henderson of AllMusic described the record as \"disturbing and powerful,\" while Joe Matera of \"Ultimate Guitar\" deemed the album a slight departure; he wrote that while the pace was slowed down, it \"didn't sacrifice any of the heaviness inherent in Slayer's music\". Reviewing the 2003 Slayer box set \"Soundtrack to the Apocalypse\", Adrien Begrand of PopMatters described the album as \"their most underrated, and on this set, its five selections show how highly the band thinks of the record\". \" KNAC.com\"'s Peter Atkinson was also positive, saying the album has a \"grandiosity and imposing presence\" which makes the record \"so magnificent\". Grave's Ola Lindgren and Bolt Thrower's Karl Willetts both rate \"South of Heaven\" as amongst the top five albums of all time, while Max Kolesne of Brazilian death metal group Krisiun remembers hearing the song \"Silent Scream\" for the first time : \"It just blew me away. It was like fast double-bass, fast kicks during the whole song. That was very inspiring for me. \" When discussing Slayer in an October 2007 interview, Evile frontman Matt Drake stated that while \"Reign in Blood\" \"was just speed\", \"South of Heaven\" proved that the group could write \"slow material as well\". \"", "Metal Forces\" reviewer gives \"the band credit for at least making an effort to try something new and not being afraid to experiment at such a crucial stage of their career\", creating \"one of the more original sounding thrash / speed metal albums he heard in a long while\". He remarks, however, that \"if you're expecting to hear \"Reign in Blood\" Part Two, you'll be in for a major disappointment\". Kim Neely of \"Rolling Stone\" dismissed the album as \"genuinely offensive satanic drivel\". However, the magazine would later rank the album 47th on their 2017 \"100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time\" list. Slayer's official biography states: \"The new sounds disappointed some of the band's fans who were more accustomed to the style of earlier releases.\" Michael Roberts of Westworld Online said this was due to some of the numbers moving \"at the sludgier speed of Black Sabbath\". Araya commented that the \"album was a late bloomer\u2014it wasn't really received well, but it kind of grew on everybody later\". Decibel inducted \"South of Heaven\" into the Decibel Magazine Hall of Fame in January 2013. Due to Jeff Hanneman's passing in May of the same year, \"South of Heaven\" would be the second and final classic Slayer album to receive an induction into Decibel's Hall of Fame. The title track and the song \"Mandatory Suicide\" have received various cover interpretations, particularly on Slayer tribute albums. Toni Ferguson recorded string quartet adaptations of both tracks on the album \"The String Quartet Tribute to Slayer: The Evil You Dread\", with \"South of Heaven\" being described as having \"menacing chord shifts\" by AllMusic's Johnny Loftus.", "Hanneman described the track as \"more just like one of those odd songs that a lot of people didn't know, but it was a favorite of Kerry and I, so we just picked that one\". Meanwhile, \"Cleanse the Soul\" has been heavily criticized by King who said that he hates the track: \"That's one of the black marks in our history, in my book. I just fucking think it's horrible. [Laughs] I hate the opening riff. It's what we call a 'happy riff.' It's just like 'la-lala-la-la-la.' I can't see myself playing it, but after that, where it gets heavier, I like that section. If we ever did a medley, I'd put part of that in there.\" The Slayer boxset \"Soundtrack to the Apocalypse\" featured, along with four songs of the album, an early version of the title track, recorded at Hanneman's home. Artist Larry Carroll and illustrator Howard Schwartzberg designed the cover artwork for \"South of Heaven\", having designed the artwork for Slayer's previous album \"Reign in Blood\". Photographer Glen E. Friedman took the promotional shot which surfaced as the back cover of \"South of Heaven\" around the time of 1986's \"Reign in Blood\". Lombardo felt it made Slayer seem as though they \"had matured a little bit\", while Friedman himself deemed it \"a really cool back cover\" and \"one of the most classic shots of them [Slayer] ever\". \"South of Heaven\" was released on July 5, 1988, and was the final Slayer album distributed via Def Jam Records. When label co-founders Russell Simmons and Rubin parted ways, Slayer signed to Rubin's newly founded Def American Recordings label.", "1995 Slayer tribute album \"Slatanic Slaughter\" featured three songs which originally appeared on \"South of Heaven\", with \"South of Heaven\", \"Mandatory Suicide\" and \"Spill the Blood\" interpreted by Cemetary, Crown of Thorns and Grope, respectively. Its 1998 follow up \"Slatanic Slaughter, Vol. 2 \" only featured two tracks originally from the album: \"Silent Scream\", arranged by Vader, and \"Read Between the Lies\", interpreted by Anathema. 1999's \"Straight to Hell: A Tribute to Slayer\" collected four Slayer renditions which originated on the album, with versions of \"South of Heaven\" performed by Abaddon, (Venom) and Electric Hellfire Club, \"Mandatory Suicide\" cut by Chapter 7 and \"Behind the Crooked Cross\" adapted by Gigantor. The 2006 Argentine tribute album \"Al Sur Del Abismo (Tributo Argentino A Slayer)\" saw Nafak and Climatic Terra also respectively cover \"South of Heaven\" and \"Mandatory Suicide\". Two songs taken from the album (\"Mandatory Suicide\" and \"South of Heaven\") have become near constant fixtures in the band's live setlist, notching up appearances on the following: the live DVDs \"Live Intrusion\", \"War at the Warfield\", \"Still Reigning\", \"Soundtrack to the Apocalypse\"'s deluxe edition's bonus live disc, and the live double album \"Decade of Aggression\". Lombardo guested with Finnish cellist group Apocalyptica on a live medley of the two tracks at 1998's Headbanger's Heaven festival in the Netherlands.", "Slayer discography Slayer is an American thrash metal band formed in 1981 by guitarists Kerry King and Jeff Hanneman, who recruited vocalist and bassist Tom Araya, and drummer Dave Lombardo. Slayer's first two albums, \"Show No Mercy\" (1983) and \"Hell Awaits\" (1985), which were released on Metal Blade Records, did not chart in the United States. The band was then signed to Def Jam Recordings by Rick Rubin, who produced \"Reign in Blood\" (1986). The album helped Slayer break into the \"Billboard\" 200 for the first time, peaking at number 94. After \"South of Heaven\" (1988), Slayer signed to Rubin's new label, Def American, and released \"Seasons in the Abyss\" (1990). After the album was released, Lombardo departed Slayer and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. 1994's \"Divine Intervention\", the first album to feature Bostaph, peaked at number eight in the US, the band's best chart performance at the time. \" Diabolus in Musica\" (1998) was criticized for its nu metal traits, while \"God Hates Us All\" (2001) created controversy for its graphic artwork. Bostaph left the band due to an elbow injury and was replaced by former member Lombardo. \" Christ Illusion\" (2006) was Slayer's most successful effort, debuting at number five in the US and winning two Grammy Awards. Slayer is considered one of the \"big four\" of thrash metal along with Anthrax, Metallica and Megadeth and has earned six gold certifications and one multi-platinum plaque from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)."], "answer": {"text": "Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990,", "answer_start": 1346}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#4", "question": "How was that album received?", "rewrite": "How was Slayer's Seasons in the Abyss album received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The songs on the album have complex guitar riffs that proceed at both \"blinding speed\" tempos and mid-tempo hefts. Brackett said that the songs' themes shy away from the \"fantasy and into the hells here on Earth\" and instead was \"music to conquer nations by\". The album combines \"grim\" vocals and \"frenetic\" guitars. Blabbermouth.net said that the album is \"considered to be among the genre's all-time classics\". \"War Ensemble\", \"Dead Skin Mask\", and \"Seasons In The Abyss\" were described as setting the album's standard and the songs, according to the site, produced a sound that could not be matched by anyone else. AllMusic said that it combines the mid-tempo grooves of \"South of Heaven\" with \"manic bursts of aggression\" \u00e0 la \"Reign in Blood\". Allmusic also said that when writing the album's lyrics, Slayer \"rarely turns to demonic visions of the afterlife anymore, preferring instead to find tangible horror in real life\u2014war, murder, [and] human weakness. There's even full-fledged social criticism, which should convince any doubters that Slayer aren't trying to promote the subjects they sing about.\" Slayer released \"Seasons in the Abyss\" on October 9, 1990, through Def American Records. Later that year it was released again through Warner Music Group. It was re-released in 1994 through American Recordings. Although it was \"unwelcome\" to music shows and rock\u2013radio outlets, it got substantial airplay on MTV's \"Headbangers Ball\". \"Seasons in the Abyss\" features Slayer's first music video, filmed at the Giza Plateau in Giza, Egypt . The album received generally positive reviews by critics.", "Clash of the Titans (tour)  Clash of the Titans was a concert tour co-headlined by American thrash metal bands Megadeth and Slayer, which took place in September and October 1990 and again from May to July 1991. Launched in support of their respective albums \"Rust in Peace\" and \"Seasons in the Abyss\", the tour had two legs, first in Europe (supported by Testament and Suicidal Tendencies) and second in the United States (tri-headlined by Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax and supported by Alice in Chains). Clash of the Titans is considered one of the most successful tours in heavy metal history, and bridged the gap between the popularity of thrash metal and rise of the alternative rock and grunge scene. The tour began in the fall of 1990 with a three-week European leg featuring Megadeth, Slayer, Testament and Suicidal Tendencies, promoting their then-current albums \"Rust in Peace\", \"Seasons in the Abyss\", \"Souls of Black\" and \"Lights... Camera...Revolution!\" respectively. A second leg in 1991 in the United States and Canada had a slightly different lineup: Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax headlined, and Alice in Chains supported; while Megadeth and Slayer were still promoting their respective albums \"Rust in Peace\" and \"Seasons in the Abyss\", Anthrax was supporting their fifth studio album \"Persistence of Time\" and Alice in Chains was touring behind their debut album \"Facelift\". Testament was the opening act for the May 26, 1991 show at the Cow Palace in Daly City, effectively reuniting three-fourths of the European lineup. Alice in Chains was not originally on the bill for the U.S. tour.", "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album. To contrast the speed of Reign in Blood, the band consciously decided to slow down the tempos, and incorporate more melodic singing. According to Hanneman, \"We knew we couldn't top Reign in Blood, so we had to slow down. We knew whatever we did was gonna be compared to that album, and I remember we actually discussed slowing down. It was weird--we've never done that on an album, before or since.\" Released in July 1988, South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics, although it was Slayer's most commercially successful release at the time, debuting at number 57 on the Billboard 200, and their second album to receive gold certification in the United States. Press response to the album was mixed, with AllMusic citing the album as \"disturbing and powerful,\" and Kim Nelly of Rolling Stone calling it \"genuinely offensive satanic drivel.\" King said \"that album was my most lackluster performance,\" although Araya called it a \"late bloomer\" which eventually grew on people. Slayer returned to the studio in spring 1990 with co-producer Andy Wallace to record its fifth studio album. Following the backlash created by South of Heaven, Slayer returned to the \"pounding speed of Reign in Blood, while retaining their newfound melodic sense.\" Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990, was the first Slayer album to be released under Rubin's new Def American label, as he had parted ways with Def Jam owner Russell Simmons over creative differences. The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992. The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track, which was filmed in front of the Giza pyramids in Egypt.", "After Abyss dropped out of the title picture, his services were requested by The James Gang to help them take on Team 3D, which Mitchell accepted on Abyss's behalf. The two teams faced off at Victory Road in a Six-Man Tag Team match. Abyss and The James Gang won after Abyss pinned Brother Runt. Brother Runt continued to feud with Abyss, challenging him to a match at Hard Justice, which Abyss accepted. In the end, Abyss came out the winner. Abyss and Runt still battled after this match, with Abyss defeating Runt in a Thumbtacks match on \"Impact!\". After the match, Abyss was attacked by Raven, which led to a Hangman's Horror match on another episode of \"Impact!\", in which Abyss came out as the winner. Abyss went on to defeat Raven and Runt at No Surrender in a No Disqualification three-way match. Abyss continue to feud with Runt and Raven, while also going after Samoa Joe. Joe stole the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt, and Abyss' services were offered by James Mitchell to TNA Management to retrieve the belt, which they accepted. Abyss failed to retrieve the belt, but a match was set at Bound for Glory: a Monster's Ball match featuring Abyss, Brother Runt, Raven, and Samoa Joe. Soon after the announcement, Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts was announced as the special guest referee for the match. At the event, Abyss lost when Joe pinned Raven. Abyss once again had his eyes on the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, competing in the Fight for the Right Tournament, winning the tournament to face Sting at Genesis for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. Abyss defeated Sting at the event via disqualification to become the new NWA World Heavyweight Champion. Following the event, Sting tried to reason with Abyss and turn him away from Mitchell, referring to Abyss as \"Chris\".", "Seasons in the Abyss  Seasons in the Abyss is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer, released on October 9, 1990 by Def American Records. Recording sessions began in March 1990 at Hit City West and Hollywood Sound, and ended in June 1990 at The Record Plant in Los Angeles, California. It was the band's first to last album to feature their full original lineup with drummer Dave Lombardo until his return on the group\u2019s 2006 album \"Christ Illusion\". \"Seasons in the Abyss\" musical style has been compared by critics to the band's previous two albums \"South of Heaven\" (1988) and \"Reign in Blood\" (1986). Upon its release, \"Seasons in the Abyss\" received a generally positive reception and peaked at number 40 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It was later certified gold in the United States and Canada. The album was recorded from March to June 1990 in two separate studios: Hit City West, Hollywood Sound, and Record Plant in Los Angeles, California. \" Seasons in the Abyss\" was produced by Rick Rubin, who had also produced their previous two albums \"Reign in Blood\" and \"South of Heaven\". Track eight, \"Temptation\", featured an overdub of lead vocalist Tom Araya's singing; the vocal arrangement on the track was unintentional. Araya sang the song twice: once the way he felt it sounded best; the second time at the insistence of Kerry King the way he thought it should be sung. By accident both tracks were played back simultaneously, and the producer suggested that both vocal tracks should be used together on the final version. According to Nathan Brackett, author of \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\", \"Seasons in the Abyss\" continued the band's sound as displayed in their first four albums."], "answer": {"text": "The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992.", "answer_start": 1562}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other albums?", "answer": {"text": "Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990,", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#5", "question": "Did they win any awards for the albums?", "rewrite": "Did Slayer win any awards for the albums Seasons in the Abyss or South of Heaven?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Seasons in the Abyss  Seasons in the Abyss is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer, released on October 9, 1990 by Def American Records. Recording sessions began in March 1990 at Hit City West and Hollywood Sound, and ended in June 1990 at The Record Plant in Los Angeles, California. It was the band's first to last album to feature their full original lineup with drummer Dave Lombardo until his return on the group\u2019s 2006 album \"Christ Illusion\". \"Seasons in the Abyss\" musical style has been compared by critics to the band's previous two albums \"South of Heaven\" (1988) and \"Reign in Blood\" (1986). Upon its release, \"Seasons in the Abyss\" received a generally positive reception and peaked at number 40 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It was later certified gold in the United States and Canada. The album was recorded from March to June 1990 in two separate studios: Hit City West, Hollywood Sound, and Record Plant in Los Angeles, California. \" Seasons in the Abyss\" was produced by Rick Rubin, who had also produced their previous two albums \"Reign in Blood\" and \"South of Heaven\". Track eight, \"Temptation\", featured an overdub of lead vocalist Tom Araya's singing; the vocal arrangement on the track was unintentional. Araya sang the song twice: once the way he felt it sounded best; the second time at the insistence of Kerry King the way he thought it should be sung. By accident both tracks were played back simultaneously, and the producer suggested that both vocal tracks should be used together on the final version. According to Nathan Brackett, author of \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\", \"Seasons in the Abyss\" continued the band's sound as displayed in their first four albums.", "Slayer discography Slayer is an American thrash metal band formed in 1981 by guitarists Kerry King and Jeff Hanneman, who recruited vocalist and bassist Tom Araya, and drummer Dave Lombardo. Slayer's first two albums, \"Show No Mercy\" (1983) and \"Hell Awaits\" (1985), which were released on Metal Blade Records, did not chart in the United States. The band was then signed to Def Jam Recordings by Rick Rubin, who produced \"Reign in Blood\" (1986). The album helped Slayer break into the \"Billboard\" 200 for the first time, peaking at number 94. After \"South of Heaven\" (1988), Slayer signed to Rubin's new label, Def American, and released \"Seasons in the Abyss\" (1990). After the album was released, Lombardo departed Slayer and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. 1994's \"Divine Intervention\", the first album to feature Bostaph, peaked at number eight in the US, the band's best chart performance at the time. \" Diabolus in Musica\" (1998) was criticized for its nu metal traits, while \"God Hates Us All\" (2001) created controversy for its graphic artwork. Bostaph left the band due to an elbow injury and was replaced by former member Lombardo. \" Christ Illusion\" (2006) was Slayer's most successful effort, debuting at number five in the US and winning two Grammy Awards. Slayer is considered one of the \"big four\" of thrash metal along with Anthrax, Metallica and Megadeth and has earned six gold certifications and one multi-platinum plaque from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album. To contrast the speed of Reign in Blood, the band consciously decided to slow down the tempos, and incorporate more melodic singing. According to Hanneman, \"We knew we couldn't top Reign in Blood, so we had to slow down. We knew whatever we did was gonna be compared to that album, and I remember we actually discussed slowing down. It was weird--we've never done that on an album, before or since.\" Released in July 1988, South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics, although it was Slayer's most commercially successful release at the time, debuting at number 57 on the Billboard 200, and their second album to receive gold certification in the United States. Press response to the album was mixed, with AllMusic citing the album as \"disturbing and powerful,\" and Kim Nelly of Rolling Stone calling it \"genuinely offensive satanic drivel.\" King said \"that album was my most lackluster performance,\" although Araya called it a \"late bloomer\" which eventually grew on people. Slayer returned to the studio in spring 1990 with co-producer Andy Wallace to record its fifth studio album. Following the backlash created by South of Heaven, Slayer returned to the \"pounding speed of Reign in Blood, while retaining their newfound melodic sense.\" Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990, was the first Slayer album to be released under Rubin's new Def American label, as he had parted ways with Def Jam owner Russell Simmons over creative differences. The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992. The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track, which was filmed in front of the Giza pyramids in Egypt.", "Clash of the Titans (tour)  Clash of the Titans was a concert tour co-headlined by American thrash metal bands Megadeth and Slayer, which took place in September and October 1990 and again from May to July 1991. Launched in support of their respective albums \"Rust in Peace\" and \"Seasons in the Abyss\", the tour had two legs, first in Europe (supported by Testament and Suicidal Tendencies) and second in the United States (tri-headlined by Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax and supported by Alice in Chains). Clash of the Titans is considered one of the most successful tours in heavy metal history, and bridged the gap between the popularity of thrash metal and rise of the alternative rock and grunge scene. The tour began in the fall of 1990 with a three-week European leg featuring Megadeth, Slayer, Testament and Suicidal Tendencies, promoting their then-current albums \"Rust in Peace\", \"Seasons in the Abyss\", \"Souls of Black\" and \"Lights... Camera...Revolution!\" respectively. A second leg in 1991 in the United States and Canada had a slightly different lineup: Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax headlined, and Alice in Chains supported; while Megadeth and Slayer were still promoting their respective albums \"Rust in Peace\" and \"Seasons in the Abyss\", Anthrax was supporting their fifth studio album \"Persistence of Time\" and Alice in Chains was touring behind their debut album \"Facelift\". Testament was the opening act for the May 26, 1991 show at the Cow Palace in Daly City, effectively reuniting three-fourths of the European lineup. Alice in Chains was not originally on the bill for the U.S. tour.", "The songs on the album have complex guitar riffs that proceed at both \"blinding speed\" tempos and mid-tempo hefts. Brackett said that the songs' themes shy away from the \"fantasy and into the hells here on Earth\" and instead was \"music to conquer nations by\". The album combines \"grim\" vocals and \"frenetic\" guitars. Blabbermouth.net said that the album is \"considered to be among the genre's all-time classics\". \"War Ensemble\", \"Dead Skin Mask\", and \"Seasons In The Abyss\" were described as setting the album's standard and the songs, according to the site, produced a sound that could not be matched by anyone else. AllMusic said that it combines the mid-tempo grooves of \"South of Heaven\" with \"manic bursts of aggression\" \u00e0 la \"Reign in Blood\". Allmusic also said that when writing the album's lyrics, Slayer \"rarely turns to demonic visions of the afterlife anymore, preferring instead to find tangible horror in real life\u2014war, murder, [and] human weakness. There's even full-fledged social criticism, which should convince any doubters that Slayer aren't trying to promote the subjects they sing about.\" Slayer released \"Seasons in the Abyss\" on October 9, 1990, through Def American Records. Later that year it was released again through Warner Music Group. It was re-released in 1994 through American Recordings. Although it was \"unwelcome\" to music shows and rock\u2013radio outlets, it got substantial airplay on MTV's \"Headbangers Ball\". \"Seasons in the Abyss\" features Slayer's first music video, filmed at the Giza Plateau in Giza, Egypt . The album received generally positive reviews by critics."], "answer": {"text": "The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track,", "answer_start": 1647}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other albums?", "answer": {"text": "Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990,", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was that album received?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#6", "question": "What year did they do the music video?", "rewrite": "What year did Slayer do the music video for Seasons in the Abyss?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Seasons in the Abyss  Seasons in the Abyss is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Slayer, released on October 9, 1990 by Def American Records. Recording sessions began in March 1990 at Hit City West and Hollywood Sound, and ended in June 1990 at The Record Plant in Los Angeles, California. It was the band's first to last album to feature their full original lineup with drummer Dave Lombardo until his return on the group\u2019s 2006 album \"Christ Illusion\". \"Seasons in the Abyss\" musical style has been compared by critics to the band's previous two albums \"South of Heaven\" (1988) and \"Reign in Blood\" (1986). Upon its release, \"Seasons in the Abyss\" received a generally positive reception and peaked at number 40 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It was later certified gold in the United States and Canada. The album was recorded from March to June 1990 in two separate studios: Hit City West, Hollywood Sound, and Record Plant in Los Angeles, California. \" Seasons in the Abyss\" was produced by Rick Rubin, who had also produced their previous two albums \"Reign in Blood\" and \"South of Heaven\". Track eight, \"Temptation\", featured an overdub of lead vocalist Tom Araya's singing; the vocal arrangement on the track was unintentional. Araya sang the song twice: once the way he felt it sounded best; the second time at the insistence of Kerry King the way he thought it should be sung. By accident both tracks were played back simultaneously, and the producer suggested that both vocal tracks should be used together on the final version. According to Nathan Brackett, author of \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\", \"Seasons in the Abyss\" continued the band's sound as displayed in their first four albums.", "The songs on the album have complex guitar riffs that proceed at both \"blinding speed\" tempos and mid-tempo hefts. Brackett said that the songs' themes shy away from the \"fantasy and into the hells here on Earth\" and instead was \"music to conquer nations by\". The album combines \"grim\" vocals and \"frenetic\" guitars. Blabbermouth.net said that the album is \"considered to be among the genre's all-time classics\". \"War Ensemble\", \"Dead Skin Mask\", and \"Seasons In The Abyss\" were described as setting the album's standard and the songs, according to the site, produced a sound that could not be matched by anyone else. AllMusic said that it combines the mid-tempo grooves of \"South of Heaven\" with \"manic bursts of aggression\" \u00e0 la \"Reign in Blood\". Allmusic also said that when writing the album's lyrics, Slayer \"rarely turns to demonic visions of the afterlife anymore, preferring instead to find tangible horror in real life\u2014war, murder, [and] human weakness. There's even full-fledged social criticism, which should convince any doubters that Slayer aren't trying to promote the subjects they sing about.\" Slayer released \"Seasons in the Abyss\" on October 9, 1990, through Def American Records. Later that year it was released again through Warner Music Group. It was re-released in 1994 through American Recordings. Although it was \"unwelcome\" to music shows and rock\u2013radio outlets, it got substantial airplay on MTV's \"Headbangers Ball\". \"Seasons in the Abyss\" features Slayer's first music video, filmed at the Giza Plateau in Giza, Egypt . The album received generally positive reviews by critics.", "Clash of the Titans (tour)  Clash of the Titans was a concert tour co-headlined by American thrash metal bands Megadeth and Slayer, which took place in September and October 1990 and again from May to July 1991. Launched in support of their respective albums \"Rust in Peace\" and \"Seasons in the Abyss\", the tour had two legs, first in Europe (supported by Testament and Suicidal Tendencies) and second in the United States (tri-headlined by Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax and supported by Alice in Chains). Clash of the Titans is considered one of the most successful tours in heavy metal history, and bridged the gap between the popularity of thrash metal and rise of the alternative rock and grunge scene. The tour began in the fall of 1990 with a three-week European leg featuring Megadeth, Slayer, Testament and Suicidal Tendencies, promoting their then-current albums \"Rust in Peace\", \"Seasons in the Abyss\", \"Souls of Black\" and \"Lights... Camera...Revolution!\" respectively. A second leg in 1991 in the United States and Canada had a slightly different lineup: Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax headlined, and Alice in Chains supported; while Megadeth and Slayer were still promoting their respective albums \"Rust in Peace\" and \"Seasons in the Abyss\", Anthrax was supporting their fifth studio album \"Persistence of Time\" and Alice in Chains was touring behind their debut album \"Facelift\". Testament was the opening act for the May 26, 1991 show at the Cow Palace in Daly City, effectively reuniting three-fourths of the European lineup. Alice in Chains was not originally on the bill for the U.S. tour.", "After Abyss dropped out of the title picture, his services were requested by The James Gang to help them take on Team 3D, which Mitchell accepted on Abyss's behalf. The two teams faced off at Victory Road in a Six-Man Tag Team match. Abyss and The James Gang won after Abyss pinned Brother Runt. Brother Runt continued to feud with Abyss, challenging him to a match at Hard Justice, which Abyss accepted. In the end, Abyss came out the winner. Abyss and Runt still battled after this match, with Abyss defeating Runt in a Thumbtacks match on \"Impact!\". After the match, Abyss was attacked by Raven, which led to a Hangman's Horror match on another episode of \"Impact!\", in which Abyss came out as the winner. Abyss went on to defeat Raven and Runt at No Surrender in a No Disqualification three-way match. Abyss continue to feud with Runt and Raven, while also going after Samoa Joe. Joe stole the NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt, and Abyss' services were offered by James Mitchell to TNA Management to retrieve the belt, which they accepted. Abyss failed to retrieve the belt, but a match was set at Bound for Glory: a Monster's Ball match featuring Abyss, Brother Runt, Raven, and Samoa Joe. Soon after the announcement, Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts was announced as the special guest referee for the match. At the event, Abyss lost when Joe pinned Raven. Abyss once again had his eyes on the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, competing in the Fight for the Right Tournament, winning the tournament to face Sting at Genesis for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. Abyss defeated Sting at the event via disqualification to become the new NWA World Heavyweight Champion. Following the event, Sting tried to reason with Abyss and turn him away from Mitchell, referring to Abyss as \"Chris\".", "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album. To contrast the speed of Reign in Blood, the band consciously decided to slow down the tempos, and incorporate more melodic singing. According to Hanneman, \"We knew we couldn't top Reign in Blood, so we had to slow down. We knew whatever we did was gonna be compared to that album, and I remember we actually discussed slowing down. It was weird--we've never done that on an album, before or since.\" Released in July 1988, South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics, although it was Slayer's most commercially successful release at the time, debuting at number 57 on the Billboard 200, and their second album to receive gold certification in the United States. Press response to the album was mixed, with AllMusic citing the album as \"disturbing and powerful,\" and Kim Nelly of Rolling Stone calling it \"genuinely offensive satanic drivel.\" King said \"that album was my most lackluster performance,\" although Araya called it a \"late bloomer\" which eventually grew on people. Slayer returned to the studio in spring 1990 with co-producer Andy Wallace to record its fifth studio album. Following the backlash created by South of Heaven, Slayer returned to the \"pounding speed of Reign in Blood, while retaining their newfound melodic sense.\" Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990, was the first Slayer album to be released under Rubin's new Def American label, as he had parted ways with Def Jam owner Russell Simmons over creative differences. The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992. The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track, which was filmed in front of the Giza pyramids in Egypt."], "answer": {"text": "in 1992.", "answer_start": 1638}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other albums?", "answer": {"text": "Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990,", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was that album received?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards for the albums?", "answer": {"text": "The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track,", "answer_start": 1647, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#7", "question": "Did they go on tour during this time?", "rewrite": "Did Slayer go on tour during 1992?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Due to the violent nature of the life of a Slayer, their average lifespan is quite short after being called. Consequently, the Shadow Men's spell also created a large number of Potential Slayers\u2014normal girls around the world who may one day be called. When a Slayer dies, one of the Potentials\u2014seemingly chosen at random\u2014gains the powers and abilities of a Slayer. The Watcher's Council tries to identify and train these \"Potentials\" before they are called, locating some as babies, but are not always able to do so, with some girls only being found after they have been activated as the Slayer. This process continues through the generations until 1997, when one Slayer\u2014Buffy Summers\u2014is killed in battle (by drowning) only to be revived via CPR. Buffy retains her Slayer powers, but her clinical death is enough for the next Slayer to be called. For the next year there are two Slayers in the world: first Kendra, who was called on Buffy's death, and then Faith, who was called when Kendra was killed by Drusilla. Regardless, Buffy is still referred to as \"the\" Slayer. Buffy's second death did not result in another slayer being called because of Faith\u2014a new slayer would not be called until her death; however, Buffy's second resurrection for some reason caused an imbalance in the Slayer line. Following her first death, Mayor Wilkins says that he does not want Buffy killed, because that will cause a new Slayer to be called, and, when she is discussing why she has been revived a second time with Giles, Buffy states, \"It was my time, Giles. Someone would've taken my place. \" Following her second death, Buffy herself, addressing a group of Potential Slayers, says: \"My death could make you the next Slayer.\"", "Although Mustaine cryptically denied that this tour was in the works, he stated in a June 2018 interview with Rock Talk With Mitch Lafon that, \"I hope that Megadeth and Slayer get to go one more round somewhere. I think it would be great, especially if it was a 'Big Four' show, but that's entirely up to them. And if it doesn't happen, we've had our share of Slayer and Megadeth shows, and I'll always appreciate those times together. \" Testament frontman Chuck Billy also commented on the tour rumors, referring to Slayer's farewell tour, \"I doubt it, this is Slayer's last tour so this is it. There will be no more Slayer tours.\" When asked in August 2018 by CBS San Francisco about the possibility of a revival of the Clash of the Titans tour with Slayer and Megadeth, Anthrax bassist Frank Bello stated, \"I wouldn't say it's under wraps because I don't know about it. But I would absolutely love for the Big 4 thing to happen again. That would be the right thing to do for everybody. I would love that. I mean, as far as Slayer goes, I'm sure they're going to do more shows next year, but I don't know if we'll be on them, because we do have our album to write. It's all about scheduling and agents and all that. But we'd be open to any of that, specifically the Big 4. I think all four bands that were involved with the Big 4 would love to do it again. But that's totally up to Metallica.\"", "The Cities of Refuge were to serve as places to which a slayer who had killed a person unintentionally could flee from the avenger, so that the slayer might not die without a trial before the assembly. Anyone, however, who struck and killed another with an iron object, stone tool, or wood tool was to be considered a murderer, and was to be put to death. The blood-avenger was to put the murderer to death upon encounter. Similarly, if the killer pushed or struck the victim by hand in hate or hurled something at the victim on purpose and death resulted, the assailant was to be put to death as a murderer. But if the slayer pushed the victim without malice aforethought, hurled an object at the victim unintentionally, or inadvertently dropped on the victim any deadly object of stone, and death resulted \u2014 without the victim being an enemy of the slayer and without the slayer seeking the victim harm \u2014 then the assembly was to decide between the slayer and the blood-avenger. The assembly was to protect the slayer from the blood-avenger, and the assembly was to restore the slayer to the city of refuge to which the slayer fled, and there the slayer was to remain until the death of the high priest. But if the slayer ever left the city of refuge, and the blood-avenger came upon the slayer outside the city limits, then there would be no bloodguilt if the blood-avenger killed the slayer. The slayer was to remain inside the city of refuge until the death of the high priest, after which the slayer could return to his land. A slayer could be executed only on the evidence of more than one witness. The Israelites were not to accept a ransom for the life of a murderer guilty of a capital crime; the murderer was to be put to death.", "Slayer Farewell Tour The Final World Tour is the ongoing final concert tour by American thrash metal band Slayer, which began on May 10, 2018 and will wrap up on November 30, 2019. The tour, consisting of over 100 shows worldwide, serves as a conclusion of the band's three-and-a-half-decade-long career. The tour was announced on January 22, 2018 through a video featuring a montage of press clippings, early posters and press photos spanning Slayer's entire career. The first leg of the North American tour was announced the day after, which took place in May and June 2018 and included support from Lamb of God, Anthrax, Behemoth and Testament. The second leg of the North American tour was announced on March 5, 2018; this leg took place in July and August, and featured four out of five bands from the first leg (Slayer, Lamb of God, Anthrax and Testament) and Napalm Death as the replacement for Behemoth. On February 20, 2018, Slayer announced the first European date of the farewell tour; it was announced that they would headline the Secret Solstice Festival in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland in June. A European leg of the farewell tour took place in November and December 2018, with support provided by Lamb of God, Anthrax and Obituary. Guitarist Gary Holt had to miss the last four dates of this tour so that he could take care of his father who was nearing the end of his life; he was filled in by former Machine Head and Vio-lence guitarist Phil Demmel. On June 24, 2018, Slayer was announced as one of the first five bands (alongside Manowar, Carcass, Mass Hysteria and Dropkick Murphys) confirmed to play the 2019 edition of Hellfest.", "European Carnage Tour European Carnage Tour was a European tour headlined by American thrash metal bands Slayer and Megadeth. This tour marked the first time that both bands had toured Europe together since the Clash of the Titans Tour in 1990 when support was provided by Testament and Suicidal Tendencies. Slayer and Megadeth had previously toured together in North America on American Carnage Tour in 2010, with Testament and Anthrax as the supporting acts. A tour poster from the band's March 30 date confirmed that there would be a special guest band opening on the tour. However, the tour did not have an opening act. Gary Holt of Exodus was announced as Jeff's temporary replacement, in Slayer, on March 13, to April 4, 2011. There would have been a Swedish concert originally in Stockholm, Arenan, but the concert was cancelled, and a newer Norwegian show was announced instead, in Oslo, Sentrum Scene, on March 20, 2011.<br> The Switzerland show previously scheduled at St. Jakobshalle in Basel, on April 13, 2011 got been moved to the Volkshaus in Zurich. In Saint Petersburg on March 16, 2011, Megadeth performance was cut short due to Dave Mustaine's illness. Cannibal Corpse guitarist Pat O'Brien filled in for Exodus' Gary Holt when Holt left the Slayer European tour to play with his own band Exodus at the Estadio Nacional in Santiago, Chile on April 10, 2011. Holt's last show with Slayer was on April 4, 2011 in Padova, Italy , O'Brien joined the band for the April 6, 2011 show in Croatia, and finished the European dates on April 14, 2011 in the Netherlands. <br> Slayer: <br>  Megadeth:"], "answer": {"text": "Slayer returned as a live act in September 1990 to co-headline the European Clash of the Titans tour", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other albums?", "answer": {"text": "Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990,", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was that album received?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards for the albums?", "answer": {"text": "The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track,", "answer_start": 1647, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did they do the music video?", "answer": {"text": "in 1992.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb872f5e5d814c6ebbda9bfc598ed39d_0_q#8", "question": "Did they work with any other celebrities?", "rewrite": "Did Slayer work with any other celebrities, besides European Clash of the Titans tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\" Anthrax drummer Charlie Benante and Megadeth bassist David Ellefson have indicated that one of the reasons Metallica was not part of the Clash of the Titans tour was due to their ascension to popularity, specifically with their self-titled \"black album\", which was not released until five weeks after the tour's conclusion. King added, \"I knew Metallica wouldn't be a part of it 'cause they didn't need us.\" On November 16, 2009, it was announced that the European Clash of the Titans lineup would be reunited after nineteen years on the American Carnage Tour, featuring Megadeth, Slayer and Testament. On July 13, 2010, a second leg of the American Carnage Tour was announced that would feature the American Clash of the Titans lineup: Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax. Neither Suicidal Tendencies nor Alice in Chains were featured in either lineup. On December 9, 2017, Ultimate-Guitar.com reported that a rebooted Clash of the Titans tour featuring Megadeth, Slayer, Testament and Sepultura was in the works, and scheduled to take place in 2018 or 2019 in support of new albums from these four bands. More speculation about a tour similar to Clash of the Titans was renewed in January 2018, when Megadeth frontman Dave Mustaine mentioned a potential tour featuring Exodus and three of the \"big four\" (Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax); a month later, Mustaine tweeted another potential tour similar to Clash of the Titans, titled \"The New Big 4\", featuring Megadeth, Anthrax, Exodus and Testament. When Slayer announced their farewell tour in January 2018, it was suggested that the recently-rumored Clash of the Titans tour (also featuring Megadeth, Sepultura and Testament) would take place as part of the aforementioned tour.", "Souls of Black  Souls of Black is the fourth studio album by American thrash metal band Testament. The album was released on October 9, 1990. \"Souls of Black\" preceded several changes in style to rather diverse styles of metal, including the traditional heavy metal sound heard in its succeeding album, \"The Ritual\". The songs on the album are musically re-worked and lyrically re-written songs that had been demoed in the late 1980s, but never officially released. One of the main reasons behind the making of \"Souls of Black\" was so that Testament could participate in the European Clash of the Titans tour with Megadeth, Slayer and Suicidal Tendencies, which began just prior to the album's release. Guitarist Eric Peterson explained to \"Guitar World\" magazine, \"We kind of rushed out \"Souls of Black\" just to get on the bill, because we didn't want to miss the tour and our label said we had to have an album out. We had done some touring with Slayer that year, and we did shows with Megadeth two or three years prior to that.\" Along with Megadeth, they also opened for Judas Priest on their \"Painkiller\" tour in the United States. Testament has rarely played any songs from \"Souls of Black\" live since at least 1991; out of the album's ten songs, \"Face in the Sky\", \"Falling Fast\", \"Souls of Black\", \"Absence of Light\", \"Malpractice\" and \"The Legacy\" were showcased during its accompanying tour. The title track is the only song from this album that Testament has performed live frequently, while \"The Legacy\" was last played in 2011 and the other four songs (\"Beginning of the End\", \"Love to Hate\", \"One Man's Fate\" and \"Seven Days of May\") have never been played live.", "According to the documentary \"Get Thrashed\", Death Angel was to be the supporting act \u2013 however, after a near-fatal tour bus crash, they were forced to bow out. Sepultura was also mooted for the tour, but, according to then-frontman Max Cavalera, \"got kicked out\", and instead embarked on the New Titans on the Block tour with Sacred Reich, Napalm Death and Sick of It All. Anthrax guitarist Scott Ian stated in an interview with \"Guitar World\" that they wanted Pantera as the opening act of the Clash of the Titans tour. Other bands, such as Exodus, Vio-lence, Kreator and Obituary, also reportedly declined to take part in the tour as the opening act. \"We didn't start making any money until 1991, on the Clash of the Titans tour in the States \u2013 not even a dime,\" recalled Ian. \"I got home from that tour to receive a cheque for a sizeable amount and called my accountant, saying, 'There must be a mistake.' We were of Iron Maiden's style of mindset, where we had to have these huge stage sets, and everything went straight back into the band.\" Interesting to note is that Metallica was the only \"big four\" of thrash metal act that did not take part in the Clash of the Titans tour. Slayer guitarist Kerry King told \"Guitar World\" that, \"There might have even been talk of a 'Big Four' tour back then, but we probably couldn't get Metallica onboard. But we had three pieces of it, and that was all the management and promoters needed.", "In August 2019, the website Metal Addicts reported that a 30th anniversary edition of the Clash of the Titans tour was rumored to be taking place in 2020 and would feature a different lineup, with Megadeth and Testament likely to be included, but added that Slayer was not expected to be on the bill due to their farewell tour, which will end in November 2019. When asked a month later by The Metal Voice what the odds were for the revival of the Clash of the Titans tour and their European tour with Testament and Exodus\u2014 The Bay Strikes Back, Death Angel frontman Mark Osegueda commented: \"The revival of the Clash of the Titans one , that's of course out of our hand. I've seen, some rumors floating around everywhere of course, we've not been approached so I could not tell you that, you know, I've heard anything. We've not been approached as a band as far as the Bay Strikes Back to tour that's happening in February-March in Europe.\" Encore: Megadeth Slayer Testament Suicidal Tendencies Anthrax Alice in Chains", "Slayer returned as a live act in September 1990 to co-headline the European Clash of the Titans tour with Megadeth, Suicidal Tendencies, and Testament. During the sold out European leg of this tour tickets fetched up to 1,000 Deutschmark ($680 USD) on the black market. With the popularity of American thrash at its peak, the tour was extended to the US beginning in May 1991, with Megadeth, Anthrax and opening act Alice in Chains. The band released a double live album, Decade of Aggression in 1991, to celebrate ten years since their formation. The compilation debuted at number 55 on the Billboard 200. In May 1992, Lombardo quit the band due to conflicts with other members, as well as his desire to be off tour for the birth of his first child. Lombardo formed his own band Grip Inc, with Voodoocult guitarist Waldemar Sorychta, and Slayer recruited former Forbidden drummer Paul Bostaph to take his place. Slayer made its debut appearance with Bostaph at the 1992 Monsters of Rock festival at Castle Donington. Bostaph's first studio effort was a medley of three Exploited songs, \"War,\" \"UK '82,\" and \"Disorder,\" with rapper Ice-T, for the Judgment Night movie soundtrack in 1993."], "answer": {"text": "tour with Megadeth, Suicidal Tendencies, and Testament.", "answer_start": 96}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Did Slayer release any albums?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1987, Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "South of Heaven received mixed responses from both fans and critics,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other albums?", "answer": {"text": "Seasons in the Abyss, released on October 25, 1990,", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was that album received?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted at number 44 on the Billboard 200, and was certified gold in 1992.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards for the albums?", "answer": {"text": "The album spawned Slayer's first music video for the album's title track,", "answer_start": 1647, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did they do the music video?", "answer": {"text": "in 1992.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Slayer returned as a live act in September 1990 to co-headline the European Clash of the Titans tour", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d6e244468744c74ab1d3825f5f2c651_1_q#0", "question": "When was George Steiner born?", "rewrite": "When was George Steiner born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Steiner was born in 1929 in Paris, to Viennese Jewish parents Dr Frederick George Steiner and Mrs Else Steiner (nee Franzos). He has an elder sister, Ruth Lilian, who was born in Vienna in 1922. Frederick Steiner was a senior lawyer in the Austrian Central Bank, and Else Steiner was a Viennese grande dame. Five years before George Steiner's birth, his father had moved his family from Austria to France to escape the growing threat of Nazism. He believed that Jews were \"endangered guests wherever they went\" and equipped his children with languages. Steiner grew up with three mother tongues: German, English, and French; his mother was multilingual and would often \"begin a sentence in one language and end it in another.\" When he was six years old, his father who believed in the importance of classical education taught him to read the Iliad in the original Greek. His mother, for whom \"self-pity was nauseating\", helped Steiner overcome a handicap he had been born with, a withered right arm. Instead of allowing him to become left-handed, she insisted he use his right hand as an able-bodied person would. Steiner's first formal education took place at the Lycee Janson-de-Sailly in Paris. In 1940, during World War II, Steiner's father once again relocated his family, this time to New York City. Within a month of their move, the Nazis occupied Paris, and of the many Jewish children in Steiner's class at school, he was one of only two who survived the war. Again his father's insight had saved his family, and this made Steiner feel like a survivor, which profoundly influenced his later writings. \"My whole life has been about death, remembering and the Holocaust.\"", "British playwright Howard Barker has argued strenuously for the rebirth of tragedy in the contemporary theatre, most notably in his volume \"Arguments for a Theatre\". \"You emerge from tragedy equipped against lies. After the musical, you're anybody's fool,\" he insists. Critics such as George Steiner have even been prepared to argue that tragedy may no longer exist in comparison with its former manifestations in classical antiquity. In \"The Death of Tragedy\" (1961) George Steiner outlined the characteristics of Greek tragedy and the traditions that developed from that period. In the Foreword (1980) to a new edition of his book Steiner concluded that \u2018the dramas of Shakespeare are not a renascence of or a humanistic variant of the absolute tragic model. They are, rather, a rejection of this model in the light of tragi-comic and \u201crealistic\u201d criteria.\u2019 In part, this feature of Shakespeare\u2019s mind is explained by his bent of mind or imagination which was \u2018so encompassing, so receptive to the plurality of diverse orders of experience.\u2019 When compared to the drama of Greek antiquity and French classicism Shakespeare's forms are \u2018richer but hybrid'. Numerous books and plays continue to be written in the tradition of tragedy to this day examples include \"Froth on the Daydream\", \"The Road\", \"The Fault in Our Stars\", \"Fat City\", \"Rabbit Hole\", \"Death of a Salesman\", \"The Handmaid's Tale\", \"Thirteen Reasons Why\", \"Requiem for a Dream\", \"Revolutionary Road\". Defining tragedy is no simple matter, and there are many definitions, some of which are incompatible with each other. Oscar Mandel, in \"A Definition of Tragedy\" (1961), contrasted two essentially different means of arriving at a definition.", "Fred Steiner Frederick Steiner (February 24, 1923 \u2013 June 23, 2011) was an American composer, conductor, orchestrator, film historian and arranger for television, radio and film. Steiner wrote the theme music for \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\" and \"Perry Mason\". While Alexander Courage composed the theme music for the original \"\" TV series (TOS), Steiner's significant contributions to the franchise included composing more of the incidental music for TOS than any other composer, as well as scoring or conducting the music for 29 of the show's 79 episodes. Steiner also composed and orchestrated additional music for \"\" (1979), was part of the team of composers for the 1985 film, \"The Color Purple\", which received an Oscar nomination, and was an uncredited composer for \"Return of the Jedi\". Steiner was most active in television series during the 1950s and 1960s. His numerous composition credits included music for \"Hogan's Heroes\", \"Have Gun \u2013 Will Travel\", \"The Twilight Zone\", \"Gunsmoke\", and \"Rawhide\". Steiner was born on February 24, 1923 in New York City, the son of Hungarian-born film composer George Steiner. He began playing the piano at age six, and at age 13 had expanded his music studies to include the cello and music theory. Steiner was considered a child prodigy and, from a very early age, had a desire to do the same work his father did - composing film and radio scores. After graduating from Townsend Harris High School he accepted a scholarship to the Oberlin Conservatory of Music where he studied with composer Normand Lockwood. He received his degree in music composition from Oberlin in 1943. Straight out of college, Steiner began composing and arranging scores for New York-based radio broadcasts. These early credits included \"Suspense\" and \"CBS Radio Workshop\".", "Kilian von Steiner Born in Laupheim as the eighth child of Jewish merchant Viktor Steiner and his wife Sophie, Kilian Steiner spent his youth in the small Upper Swabian town. The family on his father's side had been residents in Laupheim since approximately 1750. He attended secondary school in Ulm and Stuttgart, after which he went on to go to university to study history, philosophy and law at the universities of T\u00fcbingen and Heidelberg. After graduating in 1859, he settled as a solicitor in Heilbronn where he met and became a lifelong friend of economist Gustav Schmoller. Together with political friends, one of whom was Gustav Siegle, Steiner was one of the founding members of the National Liberal Party in 1865, a party committed to the so-called Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung (\"Lesser German Solution\") and to the unifying policy of Otto von Bismarck. Steiner was among the most prominent members of economic life in 19th-century Germany. He was involved in the founding of several banks inside and outside of the kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg. In 1869 he was one of the co-founders of the W\u00fcrttembergische Vereinsbank, one of the forerunners of the Deutsche Bank. He was also one of the founders of BASF in 1873, WMF in Geislingen an der Steige in 1880 and the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in Untert\u00fcrkheim in 1890. During this period, Kilian Steiner was also instrumental in the foundation of several lesser well-known industrial ventures. In 1876 Kilian von Steiner was awarded a doctorate in law. Steiner was also a prominent patron of the arts and, through his efforts and financial contributions, ensured the founding of the Schiller National Museum in Marbach and the Swabian Schiller Federation in 1890. In 1891, Steiner became honorary citizen of Bad Niedernau.", "Show ye an effort and after this war spread ye the synopsis of the divine teachings in the British Isles, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino, Balearic Isles, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, Malta, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides and Orkney Islands.\" Arminius Vambery's grandson, George Vambery, twenty years old when Hand of the Cause Martha Root visited Budapest in 1926, was very interested in the study of T\u00e1hirih's life. In 1927 Louis George Gregory's wife, Louise, traveled through Europe including Budapest. According to Shoghi Effendi, then head of the religion, an incident in 1928 Smyrna, Turkey, concerning the Bah\u00e1'\u00eds was reported in Hungarian newspapers. Various Bah\u00e1'\u00eds traveled there from the 1930s (lecturing together with Prof. R. Vambery on the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed outlook on peace in 1932) and since. In 1932 two Bah\u00e1'\u00eds are noted in Hungary suggesting they are undertaking translating materials into Hungarian - Nicholas Erdelyi and George Steiner, both from Gy\u0151r. In 1933 the first Bah\u00e1\u2019\u00ed book in Hungarian was published. George Steiner, an Esperantist translated Esslemont's Bah\u00e1\u2019u\u2019ll\u00e1h and the New Era. Its preface was written by Rusztem Vambery (son of Arminius Vambery) and Miss Martha Root. There was a Local Spiritual Assembly elected in 1939 in Hungary despite increasing surveillance by national police. In 1940 Petersham Seredy was listed as having published two books relating to the religion in Hungary."], "answer": {"text": "George Steiner was born in 1929", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8d6e244468744c74ab1d3825f5f2c651_1_q#1", "question": "Where was he born?", "rewrite": "Where was George Steiner born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kilian von Steiner Born in Laupheim as the eighth child of Jewish merchant Viktor Steiner and his wife Sophie, Kilian Steiner spent his youth in the small Upper Swabian town. The family on his father's side had been residents in Laupheim since approximately 1750. He attended secondary school in Ulm and Stuttgart, after which he went on to go to university to study history, philosophy and law at the universities of T\u00fcbingen and Heidelberg. After graduating in 1859, he settled as a solicitor in Heilbronn where he met and became a lifelong friend of economist Gustav Schmoller. Together with political friends, one of whom was Gustav Siegle, Steiner was one of the founding members of the National Liberal Party in 1865, a party committed to the so-called Kleindeutsche L\u00f6sung (\"Lesser German Solution\") and to the unifying policy of Otto von Bismarck. Steiner was among the most prominent members of economic life in 19th-century Germany. He was involved in the founding of several banks inside and outside of the kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg. In 1869 he was one of the co-founders of the W\u00fcrttembergische Vereinsbank, one of the forerunners of the Deutsche Bank. He was also one of the founders of BASF in 1873, WMF in Geislingen an der Steige in 1880 and the Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft in Untert\u00fcrkheim in 1890. During this period, Kilian Steiner was also instrumental in the foundation of several lesser well-known industrial ventures. In 1876 Kilian von Steiner was awarded a doctorate in law. Steiner was also a prominent patron of the arts and, through his efforts and financial contributions, ensured the founding of the Schiller National Museum in Marbach and the Swabian Schiller Federation in 1890. In 1891, Steiner became honorary citizen of Bad Niedernau.", "Show ye an effort and after this war spread ye the synopsis of the divine teachings in the British Isles, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino, Balearic Isles, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, Malta, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides and Orkney Islands.\" Arminius Vambery's grandson, George Vambery, twenty years old when Hand of the Cause Martha Root visited Budapest in 1926, was very interested in the study of T\u00e1hirih's life. In 1927 Louis George Gregory's wife, Louise, traveled through Europe including Budapest. According to Shoghi Effendi, then head of the religion, an incident in 1928 Smyrna, Turkey, concerning the Bah\u00e1'\u00eds was reported in Hungarian newspapers. Various Bah\u00e1'\u00eds traveled there from the 1930s (lecturing together with Prof. R. Vambery on the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed outlook on peace in 1932) and since. In 1932 two Bah\u00e1'\u00eds are noted in Hungary suggesting they are undertaking translating materials into Hungarian - Nicholas Erdelyi and George Steiner, both from Gy\u0151r. In 1933 the first Bah\u00e1\u2019\u00ed book in Hungarian was published. George Steiner, an Esperantist translated Esslemont's Bah\u00e1\u2019u\u2019ll\u00e1h and the New Era. Its preface was written by Rusztem Vambery (son of Arminius Vambery) and Miss Martha Root. There was a Local Spiritual Assembly elected in 1939 in Hungary despite increasing surveillance by national police. In 1940 Petersham Seredy was listed as having published two books relating to the religion in Hungary.", "Fred Steiner Frederick Steiner (February 24, 1923 \u2013 June 23, 2011) was an American composer, conductor, orchestrator, film historian and arranger for television, radio and film. Steiner wrote the theme music for \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\" and \"Perry Mason\". While Alexander Courage composed the theme music for the original \"\" TV series (TOS), Steiner's significant contributions to the franchise included composing more of the incidental music for TOS than any other composer, as well as scoring or conducting the music for 29 of the show's 79 episodes. Steiner also composed and orchestrated additional music for \"\" (1979), was part of the team of composers for the 1985 film, \"The Color Purple\", which received an Oscar nomination, and was an uncredited composer for \"Return of the Jedi\". Steiner was most active in television series during the 1950s and 1960s. His numerous composition credits included music for \"Hogan's Heroes\", \"Have Gun \u2013 Will Travel\", \"The Twilight Zone\", \"Gunsmoke\", and \"Rawhide\". Steiner was born on February 24, 1923 in New York City, the son of Hungarian-born film composer George Steiner. He began playing the piano at age six, and at age 13 had expanded his music studies to include the cello and music theory. Steiner was considered a child prodigy and, from a very early age, had a desire to do the same work his father did - composing film and radio scores. After graduating from Townsend Harris High School he accepted a scholarship to the Oberlin Conservatory of Music where he studied with composer Normand Lockwood. He received his degree in music composition from Oberlin in 1943. Straight out of college, Steiner began composing and arranging scores for New York-based radio broadcasts. These early credits included \"Suspense\" and \"CBS Radio Workshop\".", "British playwright Howard Barker has argued strenuously for the rebirth of tragedy in the contemporary theatre, most notably in his volume \"Arguments for a Theatre\". \"You emerge from tragedy equipped against lies. After the musical, you're anybody's fool,\" he insists. Critics such as George Steiner have even been prepared to argue that tragedy may no longer exist in comparison with its former manifestations in classical antiquity. In \"The Death of Tragedy\" (1961) George Steiner outlined the characteristics of Greek tragedy and the traditions that developed from that period. In the Foreword (1980) to a new edition of his book Steiner concluded that \u2018the dramas of Shakespeare are not a renascence of or a humanistic variant of the absolute tragic model. They are, rather, a rejection of this model in the light of tragi-comic and \u201crealistic\u201d criteria.\u2019 In part, this feature of Shakespeare\u2019s mind is explained by his bent of mind or imagination which was \u2018so encompassing, so receptive to the plurality of diverse orders of experience.\u2019 When compared to the drama of Greek antiquity and French classicism Shakespeare's forms are \u2018richer but hybrid'. Numerous books and plays continue to be written in the tradition of tragedy to this day examples include \"Froth on the Daydream\", \"The Road\", \"The Fault in Our Stars\", \"Fat City\", \"Rabbit Hole\", \"Death of a Salesman\", \"The Handmaid's Tale\", \"Thirteen Reasons Why\", \"Requiem for a Dream\", \"Revolutionary Road\". Defining tragedy is no simple matter, and there are many definitions, some of which are incompatible with each other. Oscar Mandel, in \"A Definition of Tragedy\" (1961), contrasted two essentially different means of arriving at a definition.", "George Steiner was born in 1929 in Paris, to Viennese Jewish parents Dr Frederick George Steiner and Mrs Else Steiner (nee Franzos). He has an elder sister, Ruth Lilian, who was born in Vienna in 1922. Frederick Steiner was a senior lawyer in the Austrian Central Bank, and Else Steiner was a Viennese grande dame. Five years before George Steiner's birth, his father had moved his family from Austria to France to escape the growing threat of Nazism. He believed that Jews were \"endangered guests wherever they went\" and equipped his children with languages. Steiner grew up with three mother tongues: German, English, and French; his mother was multilingual and would often \"begin a sentence in one language and end it in another.\" When he was six years old, his father who believed in the importance of classical education taught him to read the Iliad in the original Greek. His mother, for whom \"self-pity was nauseating\", helped Steiner overcome a handicap he had been born with, a withered right arm. Instead of allowing him to become left-handed, she insisted he use his right hand as an able-bodied person would. Steiner's first formal education took place at the Lycee Janson-de-Sailly in Paris. In 1940, during World War II, Steiner's father once again relocated his family, this time to New York City. Within a month of their move, the Nazis occupied Paris, and of the many Jewish children in Steiner's class at school, he was one of only two who survived the war. Again his father's insight had saved his family, and this made Steiner feel like a survivor, which profoundly influenced his later writings. \"My whole life has been about death, remembering and the Holocaust.\""], "answer": {"text": "in Paris,", "answer_start": 32}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was George Steiner born?", "answer": {"text": "George Steiner was born in 1929", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d6e244468744c74ab1d3825f5f2c651_1_q#2", "question": "Who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were George Steiner's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["British playwright Howard Barker has argued strenuously for the rebirth of tragedy in the contemporary theatre, most notably in his volume \"Arguments for a Theatre\". \"You emerge from tragedy equipped against lies. After the musical, you're anybody's fool,\" he insists. Critics such as George Steiner have even been prepared to argue that tragedy may no longer exist in comparison with its former manifestations in classical antiquity. In \"The Death of Tragedy\" (1961) George Steiner outlined the characteristics of Greek tragedy and the traditions that developed from that period. In the Foreword (1980) to a new edition of his book Steiner concluded that \u2018the dramas of Shakespeare are not a renascence of or a humanistic variant of the absolute tragic model. They are, rather, a rejection of this model in the light of tragi-comic and \u201crealistic\u201d criteria.\u2019 In part, this feature of Shakespeare\u2019s mind is explained by his bent of mind or imagination which was \u2018so encompassing, so receptive to the plurality of diverse orders of experience.\u2019 When compared to the drama of Greek antiquity and French classicism Shakespeare's forms are \u2018richer but hybrid'. Numerous books and plays continue to be written in the tradition of tragedy to this day examples include \"Froth on the Daydream\", \"The Road\", \"The Fault in Our Stars\", \"Fat City\", \"Rabbit Hole\", \"Death of a Salesman\", \"The Handmaid's Tale\", \"Thirteen Reasons Why\", \"Requiem for a Dream\", \"Revolutionary Road\". Defining tragedy is no simple matter, and there are many definitions, some of which are incompatible with each other. Oscar Mandel, in \"A Definition of Tragedy\" (1961), contrasted two essentially different means of arriving at a definition.", "Show ye an effort and after this war spread ye the synopsis of the divine teachings in the British Isles, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino, Balearic Isles, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, Malta, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides and Orkney Islands.\" Arminius Vambery's grandson, George Vambery, twenty years old when Hand of the Cause Martha Root visited Budapest in 1926, was very interested in the study of T\u00e1hirih's life. In 1927 Louis George Gregory's wife, Louise, traveled through Europe including Budapest. According to Shoghi Effendi, then head of the religion, an incident in 1928 Smyrna, Turkey, concerning the Bah\u00e1'\u00eds was reported in Hungarian newspapers. Various Bah\u00e1'\u00eds traveled there from the 1930s (lecturing together with Prof. R. Vambery on the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed outlook on peace in 1932) and since. In 1932 two Bah\u00e1'\u00eds are noted in Hungary suggesting they are undertaking translating materials into Hungarian - Nicholas Erdelyi and George Steiner, both from Gy\u0151r. In 1933 the first Bah\u00e1\u2019\u00ed book in Hungarian was published. George Steiner, an Esperantist translated Esslemont's Bah\u00e1\u2019u\u2019ll\u00e1h and the New Era. Its preface was written by Rusztem Vambery (son of Arminius Vambery) and Miss Martha Root. There was a Local Spiritual Assembly elected in 1939 in Hungary despite increasing surveillance by national police. In 1940 Petersham Seredy was listed as having published two books relating to the religion in Hungary.", "Giulio Meotti Giulio Meotti is an Italian journalist who writes on Middle Eastern and Jewish issues. He is a strong advocate of Israel, and is critical of both the Catholic Church and of Jews who are themselves critical of Israel, regarding them as abettors of anti-semitism. He was subject to accusations of engaging in plagiarizing the work of other journalists, and since has worked for Il Foglio and Arutz Sheva. Meotti was born in Arezzo, the son of a goldsmith, who had an extensive clientale of polyglot Jews from whom Meotti is said to have absorbed their cosmopolitan outlook. He graduated in philosophy at the University of Florence with a Phd about George Steiner. In his book \"Jews against Israel\" (2014) Meotti took to task a large number of Jewish critics of Israel's behavior towards Palestinians, accusing them variously of intellectual treason, Jewish anti-Semitism, of being self-hating Jews as suffering from what in his view was a 'pathology' of Jewish anti-israelism or as being 'deranged' (\"squilibrati\") Jew-haters'. The list of notable Jews he censures for their attitudes towards Israel and defense of human rights of Palestinians includes George Steiner, the philosopher Hannah Arendt, the Franco-German politician Daniel Cohn-Bendit, the former Chancellor of Austria Bruno Kreisky, Pulitzer prize-winning playwright and screenwriterTony Kushner, director Steven Spielberg, British historian Eric Hobsbawm, the bioethics and moral philosopher", "Fred Steiner Frederick Steiner (February 24, 1923 \u2013 June 23, 2011) was an American composer, conductor, orchestrator, film historian and arranger for television, radio and film. Steiner wrote the theme music for \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\" and \"Perry Mason\". While Alexander Courage composed the theme music for the original \"\" TV series (TOS), Steiner's significant contributions to the franchise included composing more of the incidental music for TOS than any other composer, as well as scoring or conducting the music for 29 of the show's 79 episodes. Steiner also composed and orchestrated additional music for \"\" (1979), was part of the team of composers for the 1985 film, \"The Color Purple\", which received an Oscar nomination, and was an uncredited composer for \"Return of the Jedi\". Steiner was most active in television series during the 1950s and 1960s. His numerous composition credits included music for \"Hogan's Heroes\", \"Have Gun \u2013 Will Travel\", \"The Twilight Zone\", \"Gunsmoke\", and \"Rawhide\". Steiner was born on February 24, 1923 in New York City, the son of Hungarian-born film composer George Steiner. He began playing the piano at age six, and at age 13 had expanded his music studies to include the cello and music theory. Steiner was considered a child prodigy and, from a very early age, had a desire to do the same work his father did - composing film and radio scores. After graduating from Townsend Harris High School he accepted a scholarship to the Oberlin Conservatory of Music where he studied with composer Normand Lockwood. He received his degree in music composition from Oberlin in 1943. Straight out of college, Steiner began composing and arranging scores for New York-based radio broadcasts. These early credits included \"Suspense\" and \"CBS Radio Workshop\".", "George Steiner was born in 1929 in Paris, to Viennese Jewish parents Dr Frederick George Steiner and Mrs Else Steiner (nee Franzos). He has an elder sister, Ruth Lilian, who was born in Vienna in 1922. Frederick Steiner was a senior lawyer in the Austrian Central Bank, and Else Steiner was a Viennese grande dame. Five years before George Steiner's birth, his father had moved his family from Austria to France to escape the growing threat of Nazism. He believed that Jews were \"endangered guests wherever they went\" and equipped his children with languages. Steiner grew up with three mother tongues: German, English, and French; his mother was multilingual and would often \"begin a sentence in one language and end it in another.\" When he was six years old, his father who believed in the importance of classical education taught him to read the Iliad in the original Greek. His mother, for whom \"self-pity was nauseating\", helped Steiner overcome a handicap he had been born with, a withered right arm. Instead of allowing him to become left-handed, she insisted he use his right hand as an able-bodied person would. Steiner's first formal education took place at the Lycee Janson-de-Sailly in Paris. In 1940, during World War II, Steiner's father once again relocated his family, this time to New York City. Within a month of their move, the Nazis occupied Paris, and of the many Jewish children in Steiner's class at school, he was one of only two who survived the war. Again his father's insight had saved his family, and this made Steiner feel like a survivor, which profoundly influenced his later writings. \"My whole life has been about death, remembering and the Holocaust.\""], "answer": {"text": "to Viennese Jewish parents Dr Frederick George Steiner and Mrs Else Steiner (nee Franzos).", "answer_start": 42}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was George Steiner born?", "answer": {"text": "George Steiner was born in 1929", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "in Paris,", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d6e244468744c74ab1d3825f5f2c651_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did George Steiner have any siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["George Steiner was born in 1929 in Paris, to Viennese Jewish parents Dr Frederick George Steiner and Mrs Else Steiner (nee Franzos). He has an elder sister, Ruth Lilian, who was born in Vienna in 1922. Frederick Steiner was a senior lawyer in the Austrian Central Bank, and Else Steiner was a Viennese grande dame. Five years before George Steiner's birth, his father had moved his family from Austria to France to escape the growing threat of Nazism. He believed that Jews were \"endangered guests wherever they went\" and equipped his children with languages. Steiner grew up with three mother tongues: German, English, and French; his mother was multilingual and would often \"begin a sentence in one language and end it in another.\" When he was six years old, his father who believed in the importance of classical education taught him to read the Iliad in the original Greek. His mother, for whom \"self-pity was nauseating\", helped Steiner overcome a handicap he had been born with, a withered right arm. Instead of allowing him to become left-handed, she insisted he use his right hand as an able-bodied person would. Steiner's first formal education took place at the Lycee Janson-de-Sailly in Paris. In 1940, during World War II, Steiner's father once again relocated his family, this time to New York City. Within a month of their move, the Nazis occupied Paris, and of the many Jewish children in Steiner's class at school, he was one of only two who survived the war. Again his father's insight had saved his family, and this made Steiner feel like a survivor, which profoundly influenced his later writings. \"My whole life has been about death, remembering and the Holocaust.\"", "Fred Steiner Frederick Steiner (February 24, 1923 \u2013 June 23, 2011) was an American composer, conductor, orchestrator, film historian and arranger for television, radio and film. Steiner wrote the theme music for \"The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show\" and \"Perry Mason\". While Alexander Courage composed the theme music for the original \"\" TV series (TOS), Steiner's significant contributions to the franchise included composing more of the incidental music for TOS than any other composer, as well as scoring or conducting the music for 29 of the show's 79 episodes. Steiner also composed and orchestrated additional music for \"\" (1979), was part of the team of composers for the 1985 film, \"The Color Purple\", which received an Oscar nomination, and was an uncredited composer for \"Return of the Jedi\". Steiner was most active in television series during the 1950s and 1960s. His numerous composition credits included music for \"Hogan's Heroes\", \"Have Gun \u2013 Will Travel\", \"The Twilight Zone\", \"Gunsmoke\", and \"Rawhide\". Steiner was born on February 24, 1923 in New York City, the son of Hungarian-born film composer George Steiner. He began playing the piano at age six, and at age 13 had expanded his music studies to include the cello and music theory. Steiner was considered a child prodigy and, from a very early age, had a desire to do the same work his father did - composing film and radio scores. After graduating from Townsend Harris High School he accepted a scholarship to the Oberlin Conservatory of Music where he studied with composer Normand Lockwood. He received his degree in music composition from Oberlin in 1943. Straight out of college, Steiner began composing and arranging scores for New York-based radio broadcasts. These early credits included \"Suspense\" and \"CBS Radio Workshop\".", "Show ye an effort and after this war spread ye the synopsis of the divine teachings in the British Isles, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, Rumania, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino, Balearic Isles, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, Malta, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Shetland Islands, Hebrides and Orkney Islands.\" Arminius Vambery's grandson, George Vambery, twenty years old when Hand of the Cause Martha Root visited Budapest in 1926, was very interested in the study of T\u00e1hirih's life. In 1927 Louis George Gregory's wife, Louise, traveled through Europe including Budapest. According to Shoghi Effendi, then head of the religion, an incident in 1928 Smyrna, Turkey, concerning the Bah\u00e1'\u00eds was reported in Hungarian newspapers. Various Bah\u00e1'\u00eds traveled there from the 1930s (lecturing together with Prof. R. Vambery on the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed outlook on peace in 1932) and since. In 1932 two Bah\u00e1'\u00eds are noted in Hungary suggesting they are undertaking translating materials into Hungarian - Nicholas Erdelyi and George Steiner, both from Gy\u0151r. In 1933 the first Bah\u00e1\u2019\u00ed book in Hungarian was published. George Steiner, an Esperantist translated Esslemont's Bah\u00e1\u2019u\u2019ll\u00e1h and the New Era. Its preface was written by Rusztem Vambery (son of Arminius Vambery) and Miss Martha Root. There was a Local Spiritual Assembly elected in 1939 in Hungary despite increasing surveillance by national police. In 1940 Petersham Seredy was listed as having published two books relating to the religion in Hungary.", "Giulio Meotti Giulio Meotti is an Italian journalist who writes on Middle Eastern and Jewish issues. He is a strong advocate of Israel, and is critical of both the Catholic Church and of Jews who are themselves critical of Israel, regarding them as abettors of anti-semitism. He was subject to accusations of engaging in plagiarizing the work of other journalists, and since has worked for Il Foglio and Arutz Sheva. Meotti was born in Arezzo, the son of a goldsmith, who had an extensive clientale of polyglot Jews from whom Meotti is said to have absorbed their cosmopolitan outlook. He graduated in philosophy at the University of Florence with a Phd about George Steiner. In his book \"Jews against Israel\" (2014) Meotti took to task a large number of Jewish critics of Israel's behavior towards Palestinians, accusing them variously of intellectual treason, Jewish anti-Semitism, of being self-hating Jews as suffering from what in his view was a 'pathology' of Jewish anti-israelism or as being 'deranged' (\"squilibrati\") Jew-haters'. The list of notable Jews he censures for their attitudes towards Israel and defense of human rights of Palestinians includes George Steiner, the philosopher Hannah Arendt, the Franco-German politician Daniel Cohn-Bendit, the former Chancellor of Austria Bruno Kreisky, Pulitzer prize-winning playwright and screenwriterTony Kushner, director Steven Spielberg, British historian Eric Hobsbawm, the bioethics and moral philosopher", "British playwright Howard Barker has argued strenuously for the rebirth of tragedy in the contemporary theatre, most notably in his volume \"Arguments for a Theatre\". \"You emerge from tragedy equipped against lies. After the musical, you're anybody's fool,\" he insists. Critics such as George Steiner have even been prepared to argue that tragedy may no longer exist in comparison with its former manifestations in classical antiquity. In \"The Death of Tragedy\" (1961) George Steiner outlined the characteristics of Greek tragedy and the traditions that developed from that period. In the Foreword (1980) to a new edition of his book Steiner concluded that \u2018the dramas of Shakespeare are not a renascence of or a humanistic variant of the absolute tragic model. They are, rather, a rejection of this model in the light of tragi-comic and \u201crealistic\u201d criteria.\u2019 In part, this feature of Shakespeare\u2019s mind is explained by his bent of mind or imagination which was \u2018so encompassing, so receptive to the plurality of diverse orders of experience.\u2019 When compared to the drama of Greek antiquity and French classicism Shakespeare's forms are \u2018richer but hybrid'. Numerous books and plays continue to be written in the tradition of tragedy to this day examples include \"Froth on the Daydream\", \"The Road\", \"The Fault in Our Stars\", \"Fat City\", \"Rabbit Hole\", \"Death of a Salesman\", \"The Handmaid's Tale\", \"Thirteen Reasons Why\", \"Requiem for a Dream\", \"Revolutionary Road\". Defining tragedy is no simple matter, and there are many definitions, some of which are incompatible with each other. Oscar Mandel, in \"A Definition of Tragedy\" (1961), contrasted two essentially different means of arriving at a definition."], "answer": {"text": "). He has an elder sister, Ruth Lilian,", "answer_start": 130}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was George Steiner born?", "answer": {"text": "George Steiner was born in 1929", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "in Paris,", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Viennese Jewish parents Dr Frederick George Steiner and Mrs Else Steiner (nee Franzos).", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#0", "question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "rewrite": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Thomas Miller (bassist) Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums \"The Damnation Game\", \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\", and \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album \"Filled with Your Glory\" by Calling Levi. Miller, along with Symphony X keyboardist Michael Pinnella, was praised on his performance on \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" by Allmusic as being \"equally competent on their respective instruments\" to guitarist Michael Romeo, who was praised for his \"pyrotechnic displays.\"", "Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\".", "War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 is the second solo album by Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo, released on 27 July 2018. It is his first solo album in over two decades (since 1994's \"The Dark Chapter\") and his first release since 2015's \"Underworld\" with Symphony X. The album is inspired by the homonymous novel by H. G. Wells and incorporates elements of EDM, dubstep and classical music, inspired by movie score composers such as Bernard Herrmann and John Williams. Most of it was created when Symphony X's vocalist Russell Allen was still recovering from the road accident he suffered one year before while on tour with Adrenaline Mob (in which his bandmate David Zablidowsky and tour manager Jane Train died) and the other members were involved with other projects. Michael hired three musicians he's known for a while, including bassist John DeServio, with whom he went to high school together. Two lyric videos, one for \"Djinn\" and another for \"Fear the Unknown\", were released on 29 June and 18 July, respectively. According to Romeo, a sequel, \"War of the Worlds, Pt. 2\", is already at the final stages of recording, but will take a while to be released because he wants people \"to absorb the first one for a while, and then we'll put out the second record. They'll complement each other, but they'll also be a bit different\".", "Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\"", "Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website."], "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#1", "question": "When was the album released?", "rewrite": "When was the Underworld released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Crocodile (song) \"Crocodile\" is a song by electronic band Underworld, and was released as a single on September 12, 2007, in Japan first, in order to promote their album \"Oblivion with Bells\". On September 5, Underworld released the music video for \"Crocodile\" on their website. This song, as well as its Oliver Huntemann Remix, is featured in the game \"FIFA Street 3\". The single peaked on the UK Singles Chart at number 93.", "This was the first appearance on an album of previously unavailable single tracks and B-sides, such as \"Bigmouth\", \"Spikee\", \"Dirty\" and \"8 Ball\". While touring in the summer and autumn of 2005, the duo was joined on stage by Darren Price, a DJ and producer who had remixed Underworld releases in the past. During their tour, they released a 3-CD set \"Live in Tokyo\", which was sold after the concert in Japan and later sold online. In late 2005, they released two compilations of new songs with accompanying photographs on Underworld Live, in a series entitled \"Riverrun\". These were only released online, with no physical release (except for a promo CD). On 5 June 2006, they released their third installment, and on 10 July 2006, they released \"The Misterons Mix\", a special retrospective mix composed of \"Riverrun\" tracks, as an exclusive free download for customers that had purchased all three \"Riverrun\" releases. In September 2006, Underworld released five limited edition (10,000 copies each) 12\" vinyl releases, containing remixes of various \"Riverrun\" tracks. These tracks were also made available for purchase by digital download on the Beatport website. Later in 2006, the band teamed up with Gabriel Yared to compose the music score to Anthony Minghella's film \"Breaking and Entering\". The soundtrack was released in the UK on 6 November, and in the USA on 5 December. Underworld's seventh studio album, \"Oblivion with Bells\", was released on 16 October 2007. The first single from the new album, \"Crocodile\", was released on 5 September 2007. U2's drummer Larry Mullen Jr helped out on the track \"Boy, Boy, Boy\". Underworld completed the soundtrack to the Danny Boyle film, \"Sunshine\", in late 2006.", "Drift (Underworld project) Drift is the ongoing music-and-video experiment by the British electronic music group Underworld, launched on November 1, 2018, with consecutive tracks and music videos being released online, on a weekly basis. Individual new tracks of \"Drift\" are being made available through the band's official website, as time-limited free downloads, along with accompanying YouTube videos, followed by collective \"Drift\" \"episodes\" released as digital EPs on music streaming platforms. It's Underworld's second digital distribution project, after the 2005\u20132006 series \"Riverrun\". Throughout five \"Drift Episodes\", 38 new tracks have been released so far. Underworld planned to conclude \"Drift\" after its 52-week run with a collective album, but decided to continue the project for another year. Drift Series 1, featuring additional unreleased tracks, is to be released on November 1, 2019, as a 7-CD, 1 Blu-ray box set, along with a single-disc \"Drift Series 1 Sampler Edition\". \"Drift\" has its roots in earlier online Underworld projects, including the archive music released freely through underworldlive.com starting in 2000, the \"Riverrun\" project in 2005, and the band's live webcasts from 2004-2008. In April and June of 2018, Underworld released by surprise the first post-\"Barbara Barbara\" tracks \" Brilliant Yes That Would Be\" and an unfinished version of \"Appleshine,\" each with a video directed by Simon Taylor, foreshadowing the \"Drift\" project. Karl Hyde and Rick Smith's aim was to release new and previously unreleased music, film, and written stories throughout a full year, on a weekly basis, every Thursday, \"and see where the journey took them.", "The \"Episode 1\" EP opens with an edited version of \"Brilliant Yes That Would Be.\" So far, compositions of \"Drift\" feature collaborations with the Australian experimental jazz band The Necks, London producer \u00d8 [Phase] aka Ashley Burchett, actor Matthew Trevannion, members of Black Country, New Road (including Georgia Ellery, Lewis Evans, and Karl Hyde's daughter Tyler Hyde), as well as Ichirou Agata of the Japanese noise rock band Melt-Banana. Thursdays between \"Episodes\", Underworld publishes new remixes of previously released songs, live rehearsal recordings, DJ mixes of released and unreleased material, and other items from the band's archives. On May 21, 2019, Underworld released a new version of the track \"Soniamode\", originally featured on February's \"Episode 2 \u2014 Atom\". Now dubbed \"Soniamode (Aditya Game Version),\" it featured lyrics written by \"The Guardian\" columnist and economics commentator Aditya Chakrabortty. The band's publicist knew Chakrabortty's 2018 column series \"The Alternatives\", \"about how to make the economy work for everyone,\" asked him to email a list of inspirational people, ideas, and processes, for the band, and the list ended up as a chorus for the track. Drift Series 1, is the upcoming tenth studio album by the British electronic group Underworld, to be released on November 1, 2019. It is the conclusion of the band's year-long music-and-video experiment \"Drift\". The band planned to conclude the project after its 52-week run, posting on May 21, 2019 details about the new album \"Drift Songs\", as a single-CD, double vinyl, and a 6-CD, 1-Blu-ray box set.", "Barbara Barbara, We Face a Shining Future Barbara Barbara, We Face a Shining Future (stylised as Barbara Barbara, we face a shining future) is the ninth studio album by British electronic group Underworld, released on 18 March 2016. It is the band's first studio album since \"Barking\" in 2010. \" Barbara Barbara\" received widespread critical acclaim upon its release and placed in several international charts. The album has also earned a 2017 Grammy Award nomination for Best Dance/Electronic Album. In September 2010, Underworld released their eighth studio album \"Barking\", a collaboration heavy record that consists of many guest contributors including High Contrast, Paul van Dyk and Dubfire, and features more emphasis on house music and drum and bass. After the release of Barking, the band went on to release two compilation albums, \"1992\u20132012 The Anthology\" and \"A Collection\" (the latter consists of radio edits and guest spots). They've also worked on a few projects with frequent collaborator director Danny Boyle, who the band had previously worked with, providing tracks for several of his films including \"Trainspotting\", \"A Life Less Ordinary\" and \"The Beach\", as well as writing the score with John Murphy on Boyle's 2007 film \"Sunshine\". These projects were the soundtrack for Boyle's theatre production play Frankenstein and as musical directors for the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony in London. After these projects, Karl Hyde and Rick Smith spent a couple of years apart while they both work on their own separate musical aspirations. Hyde released his debut solo album \"Edgeland\" in 2013 and released two collaborative albums with Brian Eno titled \"Someday World\" and \"High Life\", both released in May and June 2014 respectively."], "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#2", "question": "How was the album received?", "rewrite": "How was Underworld received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Williams run a second season in a row without victories in spite of a few podiums from breakthrough youngster Ralf Schumacher, with two-time Champ Car winner Alessandro Zanardi finishing the season without scoring points. Former Williams driver and 1997 world champion Jacques Villeneuve had joined the new British American Racing team, and also finished the season with no points, having retired from 12 of the 16 races. The following teams and drivers competed in the 1999 FIA Formula One World Championship. All teams competed with tyres supplied by Bridgestone. The Mecachrome engines used by Williams in were rebadged as Supertec units. After three decades in the sport, the Tyrrell team was sold to British American Tobacco and renamed British American Racing (BAR), with Supertec engines replacing the Ford-Cosworth units of the previous season. Goodyear, who had supplied Williams, Ferrari, Jordan, Sauber and Tyrrell throughout 1998, left Formula One at the end of the season, temporarily leaving Bridgestone as the only tyre supplier while Formula One sought a competitor. The grooved tyres introduced in 1998 now had four grooves on all tyres; the front tyres previously had three. Wheels also were required to be tethered to the chassis in order to prevent them flying off in a crash, a feature which remains in place as of . Williams entered the season with an all-new driver pairing. Ralf Schumacher, who had driven for Jordan in 1998, switched to Williams for the new season, and was partnered with Alessandro Zanardi, whose last stint in Formula One, for Lotus, had ended at the end of the 1994 season. In the meantime, the Italian had won the 1997 and 1998 CART titles for Chip Ganassi Racing. Heinz-Harald Frentzen completed a straight swap with the younger Schumacher, taking the vacant seat at Jordan alongside 1996 champion Damon Hill.", "Elderbrook  Alexander Kotz, known professionally as Elderbrook, is a British musician, songwriter and producer. His career as a musician began in 2015, when he released his first EP, which contained the song, \"How Many Times\" which went on to be remixed by German duo Andhim, becoming one of Mixmag's best songs of 2015. During 2016, he collaborated with a number of artists, including Gorgon City. He also remixed tracks by a number of well-known artists, such as Clean Bandit. To date, Elderbrook's most notable song is the collaboration with CamelPhat, titled \"Cola\". The song reach number one on both the Dance Club Songs chart in the United States and Indie Chart in the United Kingdom. It was also nominated for Best Dance song at the 2018 Grammy Awards. Elderbrook first ventured into music at the age of 16. He began playing as member of an indie band, before at nineteen switching to a singer-songwriter. During an interview with Red Bull, he stated it was a \"\"folky acoustic thing\"\" part of his career. He then attended university, where he says he was first exposed to quality electronic dance music and subsequently began listening to various dance genres. Before moving into the electronic music genre, he wanted to pursue a more hip-hop and soulful sound with his distinct vocals. Kotz began to use the moniker Elderbrook after finishing university and debuted with the track and EP of the same name, Could. His debut extended play featured a number of tracks that went on to garner over a million views on SoundCloud and similar platforms. The EP featured three tracks, \"Could, Rewinding\" and \"How Many Times\". All three tracks received positive reviews, with the latter becoming Elderbrook's first major hit.", "Names of the Holocaust  Names of the Holocaust vary based on context. \" The Holocaust\" is the name commonly applied in English since the mid-1940s to the systematic extermination of 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II. The term is also used more broadly to include the Nazis' systematic murder of millions of people in other groups they determined were \"untermensch\" or \"subhuman,\" which included primarily the Jews and the Slavs, the former having allegedly infected the latter, including ethnic Poles, the Serbs, Russians, the Czechs and others. While mythological narratives seek to ascribe metaphysical narratives, it is today believed that the impetus for the genocide was simply to create space for the expansion of the German Empire, the \"\"Generalplan Ost\",\" calling for extermination of an additional 31 of 45 million of Slavs. Other groups targetted for racial reasons were the Romani or \"Gypsies,\" Baltic people (especially the Lithuanians), people with disabilities, gay men, and political and religious opponents, which would bring the total number of Holocaust victims 17 million people. In Judaism, Shoah (\u05e9\u05d5\u05d0\u05d4), meaning \"calamity\" in Hebrew, became the standard term for the 20th-century \"Holocaust\" (see Yom HaShoah). The word \"holocaust\" originally derived from the Greek word \"holokauston\", meaning \"a completely (\"holos\") burnt (\"kaustos\") sacrificial offering,\" or \"a burnt sacrifice offered to a god.\" In Greek and Roman pagan rites, gods of the earth and underworld received dark animals, which were offered by night and burnt in full.", "Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe The Gelatine Manufacturers of Europe (GME) is an association of European gelatine and hydrolyzed collagen manufacturers and was founded in 1974. The eleven leading gelatine and collagen peptide manufacturers in Europe belong to GME. They account for more than 98% of the European and approximately 33% of worldwide gelatine/collagen peptide production. As an interface between its members and different EU Institutions, GME has its head office based in Brussels. GME is active throughout Europe and maintains a network of international contacts and partnerships, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization. Currently Greet Hombroux is the association President and Marc Vermeulen is the General Secretary. The association has eleven members: Ewald Gelatine, Gelita and Reinert Gruppe Ingredients from Germany, Lapi Gelatine and Italgelatine from Italy, Rousselot, Jellice and Trobas Gelatine from the Netherlands, Gelatines Weishardt from France, PB Gelatins from Belgium and Junc\u00e1 Gelatines from Spain. The objective and main task of GME and its members is to further develop the products gelatine and hydrolyzed collagen as well as open up new markets. GME is active in four permanent working committees. In these working committees, GME pursues its core task of ensuring that gelatine of a consistent high quality is made available to customers and consumers. Research and further development of technical standards, supporting the development of a new statutory framework for the gelatine industry and creating transparency are the cornerstones of its activities. A key instrument for ensuring the observance of uniform quality standards is the gelatine monograph developed by GME. It defines the latest methods of analysis for all members.", "2005 New Orleans Saints season The 2005 New Orleans Saints season was the franchise's 39th season in the National Football League. The season began with the team trying to improve from their 8\u20138 record from 2004. The Saints played two preseason games in the Louisiana Superdome before being forced to evacuate New Orleans due to Hurricane Katrina. They were forced to play the rest of the season on the road, splitting their games between their temporary headquarters at San Antonio \u2019s Alamodome, and LSU\u2019s Tiger Stadium in Baton Rouge, and even playing their first home game at Giants Stadium. The season ended with a 3\u201313 record, their equal-worst record alongside 1996 and 1999 since their 1\u201315 1980 season, and the firing of Jim Haslett. He was replaced by current head coach Sean Payton the following 2006 season."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#3", "question": "When did the band take a break?", "rewrite": "When did Symphony X take a break?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\".", "Thomas Miller (bassist) Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums \"The Damnation Game\", \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\", and \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album \"Filled with Your Glory\" by Calling Levi. Miller, along with Symphony X keyboardist Michael Pinnella, was praised on his performance on \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" by Allmusic as being \"equally competent on their respective instruments\" to guitarist Michael Romeo, who was praised for his \"pyrotechnic displays.\"", "Jason Rullo Jason Rullo (born July 17, 1972) is an American drummer, who is one of the founding members of progressive metal band Symphony X. In 2003, he was featured in a readers' poll for \"Modern Drummer\" magazine, where he achieved two awards: second place in the up-and-coming drummer poll, and third place for best recorded performance on Symphony X's \"The Odyssey\" (2002). In the same year, he performed on the self-titled debut album by Redemption. He currently teaches drum lessons at Big Beat Studios in New Jersey. On February 27, 2013, it was announced by Symphony X's management that, during the previous week, Jason was admitted to hospital for heart failure. He spent a week in hospital, and was released after some days. Jason then started a rehab program, and has been told that his recovery will take a minimum of 3\u20136 months under doctors' care. On March 26, 2013, the band announced that John Macaluso would join them on tour for their South American and European dates, until Jason recovers from such health problems.", "Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website.", "Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\""], "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#4", "question": "What was the reason for the break?", "rewrite": "What was the reason for Symphony X's hiatus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jason Rullo Jason Rullo (born July 17, 1972) is an American drummer, who is one of the founding members of progressive metal band Symphony X. In 2003, he was featured in a readers' poll for \"Modern Drummer\" magazine, where he achieved two awards: second place in the up-and-coming drummer poll, and third place for best recorded performance on Symphony X's \"The Odyssey\" (2002). In the same year, he performed on the self-titled debut album by Redemption. He currently teaches drum lessons at Big Beat Studios in New Jersey. On February 27, 2013, it was announced by Symphony X's management that, during the previous week, Jason was admitted to hospital for heart failure. He spent a week in hospital, and was released after some days. Jason then started a rehab program, and has been told that his recovery will take a minimum of 3\u20136 months under doctors' care. On March 26, 2013, the band announced that John Macaluso would join them on tour for their South American and European dates, until Jason recovers from such health problems.", "Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\"", "Thomas Miller (bassist) Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums \"The Damnation Game\", \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\", and \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album \"Filled with Your Glory\" by Calling Levi. Miller, along with Symphony X keyboardist Michael Pinnella, was praised on his performance on \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" by Allmusic as being \"equally competent on their respective instruments\" to guitarist Michael Romeo, who was praised for his \"pyrotechnic displays.\"", "Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\".", "Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website."], "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#5", "question": "Whose commitment?", "rewrite": "Whose commitment to Adrenaline Mob?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["We the People (Adrenaline Mob album) We the People is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. It was released on 2 June 2017, and was followed by a tour. According to lead vocalist Russell Allen, the album takes a political stance. He also stated that he was inspired by the previous American election season. It is the band's only album with bass guitarist David Zablidowsky, as he would die in a traffic accident while touring with them later that year. Former band drummer A. J. Pero, who died in 2015, is featured on a cover of the Billy Idol song \"Rebel Yell\" (new drummer Jordan Cannata performs on all the other tracks). This makes \" We the People\" the final work of both Pero and Zablidowsky. Music & lyrics written by Mike Orlando & Russell Allen andunless otherwise noted. Adrenaline Mob", "Paul Di Leo Paul Di Leo is an American bassist who has worked with such bands as Nena, Adrenaline Mob, and Fozzy. Di Leo has been a member of Nena since 2001 and is still touring with the singer in Germany and abroad. He also took part in the making of several Nena's masterpieces such as \"Willst Du Mit Mir\" Ghen or \"Made In Germany\" and was awarded gold and platinium records. In 2011, Di Leo joined the newly formed band, Adrenaline Mob. A self-described heavy metal \"supergroup\", with fellow members being a who's who of rock/metal musicians; Rich Ward (of Stuck Mojo and Fozzy), Mike Portnoy (of Dream Theater), Russell Allen (of Symphony X) and Mike Orlando. In January 2012; citing a need to concentrate on other projects, he and Rich Ward left the band. With Sean Delson's announcement to \"retire\" from Fozzy, to pursue other musical interests; Fozzy announced Di Leo as Delson's replacement, on September 9, 2011. Di Leo was already known to the group, as he played with Fozzy co-founder, Rich Ward, in Adrenaline Mob. Di Leo's first show as a member of Fozzy was at the House of Blues, in Paradise, Nevada, on October 15. A month later, Fozzy (with Di Leo) landed in the United Kingdom for their \"The Madness Returns - Winter 2011\" tour. The band played back-to-back shows in Reading, Southampton, Cardiff, Leeds, Nottingham, Glasgow, York, Wrexham, Plymouth, High Wycombe and Brighton, between the dates of November 2\u201313, before departing to tour in Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark.", "On December 3, 2013, the band announced that their second full-length album would be released on February 18, 2014, in North America and on February 24, 2014, internationally, and would be titled \"Men Of Honor\". Portnoy was replaced by A. J. Pero of Twisted Sister. On August 4, 2014, Moyer informed his fans via Facebook and Twitter that he would not be joining Adrenaline Mob on an upcoming planned tour. In response, Adrenaline Mob announced that they were in search of a new bass player, effectively ending Moyer's tenure with the band. Shortly after, the band selected Erik Leonhardt as its new bass player. On January 6, 2015, the group announced they would release a new covers album, \"Dearly Departed\", through Century Media on February 9 in Europe (digital only) and on February 10 in North America. On March 20, 2015, drummer A.J. Pero was found unresponsive on the band's tour bus. Band members attempted but failed to wake him. The band was traveling from Baltimore to Poughkeepsie. Pero was taken to a hospital where he was declared dead from an apparent heart attack. He was 55 years old. The next day, the band performed in New Jersey with several drummers filling in for Pero, including Chad Szeliga, Johnny Kelly, and former Adrenaline Mob drummer Mike Portnoy. On March 22, 2017, the band announced the release of a new album called \"We The People\", with its title, album artwork and some songs inspired by the 2016 United States presidential election. They also announced a new bass player and drummer: David \"Dave Z\" Zablidowsky (Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Jeff Scott Soto band) and Jordan Cannata, respectively.", "Adrenaline Mob Adrenaline Mob is a Heavy Metal supergroup formed in early 2011 by singer Russell Allen, guitarist Mike Orlando and drummer Mike Portnoy. The band's current lineup consists of Allen, Orlando, and drummer Jordan Cannata. The band was formed in early 2011 and had its first live performance on June 24, 2011, at the Hiro Ballroom in New York City, with the addition of bass player Paul Di Leo (Fozzy), and rhythm guitarist Rich Ward (Stuck Mojo/Fozzy). They released a YouTube video of a cover version of the Black Sabbath song \"The Mob Rules\" on June 27, 2011, to promote the band. On New Year's Eve 2011, Adrenaline Mob announced via their Facebook page that they would release their debut full-length studio album \"Omert\u00e0\" on March 13, 2012, and also revealed the album art. On January 7, 2012, the band announced the departures of Rich Ward and Paul Di Leo due to scheduling conflicts with their other bands. On February 8, 2012, it was announced that John Moyer (Disturbed) was Adrenaline Mob's new bass player. Moyer made his on-stage debut with the group on March 12, at New York City\u2019s Hiro Ballroom, a day before the release of \"Omert\u00e0\". On January 31, 2013, the band announced the release of an EP of cover songs entitled \"Covert\u00e1\"; it was released on March 12, 2013. On June 4, 2013, Portnoy announced via Adrenaline Mob's Facebook page that he would be playing four more shows with the band before departing. Portnoy cited scheduling conflicts that prevented him from being able \"to fully commit to the band's future activities at the moment\".", "Men of Honor (Adrenaline Mob album) Men of Honor is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. It was released on February 18, 2014 by Century Media Records. It is the only Adrenaline Mob release with drummer A. J. Pero fully involved; he would die in 2015, but be featured on a single track of the following album, \"We the People\". The album's tracks were revealed one by one via streaming at SoundCloud, with each new track being released every week. According to guitarist Mike Orlando, the album's title was suggested by his father. \"We were thinking about names for the record, and he said 'Why don't you guys call it \"<nowiki>'</nowiki>Uomini D'Onore<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" [translation: 'Men of Honor']?' I knew that was it. We're tight like brothers. This is a musical gang. The message is to stand strong with Adrenaline Mob. Regardless of what's changed, we are men of honor, and we will honor this entity until we die.\" All songs written by Mike Orlando and Russell Allen andunless otherwise noted."], "answer": {"text": "singer Russell Allen,", "answer_start": 128}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the break?", "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#6", "question": "Did the band tour for Underworld?", "rewrite": "Did Symphony X tour for Underworld?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website.", "Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\"", "Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\".", "Thomas Miller (bassist) Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums \"The Damnation Game\", \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\", and \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album \"Filled with Your Glory\" by Calling Levi. Miller, along with Symphony X keyboardist Michael Pinnella, was praised on his performance on \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" by Allmusic as being \"equally competent on their respective instruments\" to guitarist Michael Romeo, who was praised for his \"pyrotechnic displays.\"", "War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 is the second solo album by Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo, released on 27 July 2018. It is his first solo album in over two decades (since 1994's \"The Dark Chapter\") and his first release since 2015's \"Underworld\" with Symphony X. The album is inspired by the homonymous novel by H. G. Wells and incorporates elements of EDM, dubstep and classical music, inspired by movie score composers such as Bernard Herrmann and John Williams. Most of it was created when Symphony X's vocalist Russell Allen was still recovering from the road accident he suffered one year before while on tour with Adrenaline Mob (in which his bandmate David Zablidowsky and tour manager Jane Train died) and the other members were involved with other projects. Michael hired three musicians he's known for a while, including bassist John DeServio, with whom he went to high school together. Two lyric videos, one for \"Djinn\" and another for \"Fear the Unknown\", were released on 29 June and 18 July, respectively. According to Romeo, a sequel, \"War of the Worlds, Pt. 2\", is already at the final stages of recording, but will take a while to be released because he wants people \"to absorb the first one for a while, and then we'll put out the second record. They'll complement each other, but they'll also be a bit different\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the break?", "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Whose commitment?", "answer": {"text": "singer Russell Allen,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article in addition to Symphony X's hiatus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\"", "Twilight in Olympus Twilight in Olympus is the fourth studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, released in 1998 through Zero Corporation (Japan) and Inside Out Music (Europe); a remastered special edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out. The album features drums played by Thomas Walling, who filled in for regular drummer Jason Rullo after he temporarily left the band for personal reasons. It is also the last Symphony X album with longtime bassist Thomas Miller, who left the band during the album's tour. To date, \"Twilight in Olympus\" is one of only two Symphony X albums with no title track; the other being their self-titled debut. Instead, the unfinished compositions from these sessions which would have formed the title track were later reworked and distributed in fragments throughout \"V: The New Mythology Suite\" (2000), particularly on the final track \"Rediscovery (Part II) - The New Mythology\". Guitarist Michael Romeo has since confirmed this: \"About half of [\"Rediscovery (Part II)\"] is the song 'Twilight in Olympus', maybe a little more\". As of 2014, all songs from the album have been performed live, except for \"The Relic\" and \"Orion - The Hunter\". \"Smoke and Mirrors\" has endured as a mainstay on the band's setlist since the album's release, and is included on their 2001 live release \"Live on the Edge of Forever\", along with \"Church of the Machine\" and \"Through the Looking Glass\". \"Smoke and Mirrors\" cites Johann Sebastian Bach's Mass in B Minor (Kyrie eleison) (1749) in the instrumental interlude after the second chorus. \"Sonata\" contains parts of the second movement of Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 8 (\"Path\u00e9tique\") (1799).", "Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\".", "Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website.", "Thomas Miller (bassist) Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums \"The Damnation Game\", \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\", and \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album \"Filled with Your Glory\" by Calling Levi. Miller, along with Symphony X keyboardist Michael Pinnella, was praised on his performance on \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" by Allmusic as being \"equally competent on their respective instruments\" to guitarist Michael Romeo, who was praised for his \"pyrotechnic displays.\""], "answer": {"text": "The band began recording the drum tracks for the new album on September 9, 2014, and planned to release the complete recording", "answer_start": 414}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the break?", "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Whose commitment?", "answer": {"text": "singer Russell Allen,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for Underworld?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#8", "question": "Did the they release it?", "rewrite": "Did Symphony X  release Underworld?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\"", "Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website.", "War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 is the second solo album by Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo, released on 27 July 2018. It is his first solo album in over two decades (since 1994's \"The Dark Chapter\") and his first release since 2015's \"Underworld\" with Symphony X. The album is inspired by the homonymous novel by H. G. Wells and incorporates elements of EDM, dubstep and classical music, inspired by movie score composers such as Bernard Herrmann and John Williams. Most of it was created when Symphony X's vocalist Russell Allen was still recovering from the road accident he suffered one year before while on tour with Adrenaline Mob (in which his bandmate David Zablidowsky and tour manager Jane Train died) and the other members were involved with other projects. Michael hired three musicians he's known for a while, including bassist John DeServio, with whom he went to high school together. Two lyric videos, one for \"Djinn\" and another for \"Fear the Unknown\", were released on 29 June and 18 July, respectively. According to Romeo, a sequel, \"War of the Worlds, Pt. 2\", is already at the final stages of recording, but will take a while to be released because he wants people \"to absorb the first one for a while, and then we'll put out the second record. They'll complement each other, but they'll also be a bit different\".", "Michael Romeo Michael James Romeo (born March 6, 1968) is an American guitarist and a founding member of the progressive metal group Symphony X. He is one of two members to appear on every Symphony X release (the other being Michael Pinnella). Romeo was ranked #91 out of 100 Greatest Heavy Metal Guitarists of All Time by Guitar World. Michael Romeo's introduction to formal music training began with piano lessons when he was 10 years old. He also played clarinet. However, it wasn't until after hearing his first Kiss album that he seriously considered switching to the guitar. He ended up purchasing a cheap acoustic guitar at a garage sale. Influenced by Kiss, Led Zeppelin, Rush, AC/DC, Black Sabbath, Iron Maiden, Deep Purple, and Emerson, Lake & Palmer, he became serious about the guitar after listening to the albums \"Blizzard of Ozz\" and \"Diary of a Madman\" by Ozzy Osbourne. He was also heavily influenced by the neoclassical technique and style of Randy Rhoads, Ritchie Blackmore, Yngwie Malmsteen, and Uli Jon Roth and guitar virtuosos like Shawn Lane; along with well-known composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig Van Beethoven and Igor Stravinsky. Romeo's own influence has rubbed off on younger players, including Dragonforce's Herman Li, who listed Romeo among his Top 10 favorite guitarists in 2011. Romeo is a fan of \"Star Wars\", and has recorded an arrangement of themes from John Williams' scores for the series under the title \"Star Wars Suite\". His favorite Star Wars character is Darth Vader. Since 2005, Romeo has taken advantage of a new custom model, Caparison Dellinger II \u2013 Michael Romeo Custom, which he used to record the Symphony X album \"Paradise Lost\".", "Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\"."], "answer": {"text": "planned to release the complete recording by the spring of 2015.", "answer_start": 499}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the break?", "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Whose commitment?", "answer": {"text": "singer Russell Allen,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for Underworld?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The band began recording the drum tracks for the new album on September 9, 2014, and planned to release the complete recording", "answer_start": 414, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#9", "question": "Did they get back together?", "rewrite": "Did Symphony X get back together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Thomas Miller (bassist) Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums \"The Damnation Game\", \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\", and \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album \"Filled with Your Glory\" by Calling Levi. Miller, along with Symphony X keyboardist Michael Pinnella, was praised on his performance on \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" by Allmusic as being \"equally competent on their respective instruments\" to guitarist Michael Romeo, who was praised for his \"pyrotechnic displays.\"", "Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website.", "Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\".", "War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 War of the Worlds, Pt. 1 is the second solo album by Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo, released on 27 July 2018. It is his first solo album in over two decades (since 1994's \"The Dark Chapter\") and his first release since 2015's \"Underworld\" with Symphony X. The album is inspired by the homonymous novel by H. G. Wells and incorporates elements of EDM, dubstep and classical music, inspired by movie score composers such as Bernard Herrmann and John Williams. Most of it was created when Symphony X's vocalist Russell Allen was still recovering from the road accident he suffered one year before while on tour with Adrenaline Mob (in which his bandmate David Zablidowsky and tour manager Jane Train died) and the other members were involved with other projects. Michael hired three musicians he's known for a while, including bassist John DeServio, with whom he went to high school together. Two lyric videos, one for \"Djinn\" and another for \"Fear the Unknown\", were released on 29 June and 18 July, respectively. According to Romeo, a sequel, \"War of the Worlds, Pt. 2\", is already at the final stages of recording, but will take a while to be released because he wants people \"to absorb the first one for a while, and then we'll put out the second record. They'll complement each other, but they'll also be a bit different\".", "Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\""], "answer": {"text": "it was announced during a January 2018 interview with Metal Nation that the band had plans to get together", "answer_start": 283}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the break?", "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Whose commitment?", "answer": {"text": "singer Russell Allen,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for Underworld?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The band began recording the drum tracks for the new album on September 9, 2014, and planned to release the complete recording", "answer_start": 414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the they release it?", "answer": {"text": "planned to release the complete recording by the spring of 2015.", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#10", "question": "What else can you tell me about their time apart?", "rewrite": "What else can you tell me about Symphony X's hiatus, in addition to the reason for the hiatus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Symphony X (album) Symphony X is the first studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, originally released in 1994 through Zero Corporation in Japan, and reissued in 1996 through Inside Out Music in Europe; a remastered edition was reissued on January 13, 2004 through Inside Out Music. The album's release came about as a result of band guitarist Michael Romeo's 1994 solo album, \"The Dark Chapter\", achieving success in Japan. It is the only Symphony X album to feature singer Rod Tyler, who would be replaced by Russell Allen on all subsequent works. Robert Taylor at AllMusic gave \"Symphony X\" 1.5 stars out of 5, noting the predominant Yngwie Malmsteen influences throughout the music, and calling the album \"Humble beginnings for what was to become a very original and influential band.\"", "On March 1, 2010, an update on the Symphony X official website announced, that the band had recorded most of their next album and that Romeo and Allen were working on lyrics; Romeo was getting ready to start doing tracking for the album. The album's name and lyrical concept were revealed on January 29, 2011 in an interview by DJ JC Green of Metal Messiah Radio's \"Heavy Metal Thunder\" show with Russell Allen: the follow-up to Paradise Lost will be titled Iconoclast and will have its lyrics centered around \"machines taking over everything and all this technology we put our society into pretty much being our demise.\" On March 25, 2011, it was announced on the Nuclear Blast website and Blabbermouth.net, that the new Symphony X album, Iconoclast, would be released in Europe on June 17 and in North America on June 21, as a Standard Edition as well as a 2-CD Digipack. Iconoclast debuted at number 76 on the Billboard 200 album chart in the United States, selling more than 7,300 copies in its first week. The record also debuted at number 7 on the Top Hard Rock Chart, number 19 on the Top Rock Chart and number 13 on the Top Independent Chart. The album showcases the highest chart position and the most first-week sales in the band's history. On February 25, 2011, Symphony X played the first show of their 2011 tour in Stuttgart, Germany, where they performed two songs from Iconoclast: \"End of Innocence\" and \"Dehumanized\". Some days later, in Antwerp, Belgium, they performed yet another new song, \"Heretic\". During their show in London, England, the band debuted another new song titled \"Prometheus\".", "Russell Allen Russell Allen (born July 19, 1971) is a singer and lyricist best known as the vocalist of American progressive metal band Symphony X. He has also worked with supergroups Star One, Allen-Lande, Level 10, and as one of fourteen vocalists in the progressive symphonic metal band Trans-Siberian Orchestra. Since 2011, he has also served as the frontman of the heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. Before his music career began, Allen was a jouster at a Medieval Times Dinner Theater. He was introduced to the band Symphony X by former singer Rod Tyler. Allen has been the lead singer of Symphony X since 1995, releasing eight studio albums and one live album with the band. His first solo album, Atomic Soul, was released April 25, 2005. As well as singing he also plays the bass when performing songs from \"Atomic Soul\" live. He is referred to in various circles as \"Sir Russell Allen\", and he is credited as such on Arjen Lucassen's Star One albums, because of a joke that Arjen made regarding Allen's former job as a jouster. In the summer of 2005 he went on tour with Symphony X on Dave Mustaine's Gigantour alongside such bands as Dream Theater, Megadeth, and Nevermore. In the same year, he also made part of a duo melodic rock project with singer J\u00f8rn Lande (ex-Masterplan) called Allen/Lande, which already has four albums, all released by Frontiers Records. In addition to being Symphony X vocalist, he is also currently working in another band with guitarist Mike Orlando called Adrenaline Mob. In November 2013, Allen joined Trans-Siberian Orchestra for their 2013 Fall/Winter tour and performed with the group at the Wacken Open Air 2015. He is also featured in their 2015 studio album \"Letters From the Labyrinth\".", "Thomas Miller (bassist) Thomas Miller was the bassist of Symphony X prior to the entrance of Andy DeLuca, and soon after, Michael Lepond. Miller left the band along with drummer Thomas Walling for their unwillingness to tour for the support of Symphony X's fourth studio album, \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller has been a composer of the Symphony X's studio albums \"The Damnation Game\", \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\", and \"Twilight in Olympus\". Miller wrote the lyrics to the songs \"Of Sins and Shadows,\" \"The Eyes of Medusa,\" \"Candlelight Fantasia,\" and part of \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" from the album The Divine Wings of Tragedy. He has also contributed to over forty other albums from outside projects, including the album \"Filled with Your Glory\" by Calling Levi. Miller, along with Symphony X keyboardist Michael Pinnella, was praised on his performance on \"The Divine Wings of Tragedy\" by Allmusic as being \"equally competent on their respective instruments\" to guitarist Michael Romeo, who was praised for his \"pyrotechnic displays.\"", "Michael Lepond Michael Anthony LePond III is an American musician, best known as the bassist of progressive metal band Symphony X. He is also the bassist of the New York-based metal band Dead on Arrival. The group issued an album \u2013 \"Alive and Kickin\" \u2013 on the independent Polo label in 1996. He can be heard on all Symphony X releases since the 2000 album \"\". He was formerly a member of the New Jersey band Rattlebone, which opened for many national acts and released a six-song album in 1997. LePond was born in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 13 years old, he attended a Kiss concert, and was inspired by the performance, especially the band's bassist Gene Simmons, to begin playing music. He bought some basic equipment, namely a Univox bass and a 150 watt amplifier, and took lessons for a year. He started listening to other bass players like Geddy Lee of Rush, that influenced his style. In 1998, he met Symphony X guitarist Michael Romeo through a mutual friend, and was invited to replace Thomas Miller, who had recently left the band. He has remained the band's bassist ever since. In 2012, Lepond formed a progressive metal supergroup named Affector with drummer Collin Leijenaar, vocalist Ted Leonard and guitarist Daniel Fries. The band's debut album, \"Harmagedon\", was released on May 21, 2012. The album features guest keyboardists Jordan Rudess, Derek Sherinian, Neal Morse, and Alex Argento. In 2006, LePond developed Crohn's disease, forcing Symphony X to cancel all of their European tours. He underwent surgery to control the effects of the disease, and on May 31, 2006 he announced his recovery on Symphony X's website."], "answer": {"text": "On July 14, 2017, Adrenaline Mob was involved in a serious vehicular accident,", "answer_start": 459}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the break?", "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Whose commitment?", "answer": {"text": "singer Russell Allen,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for Underworld?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The band began recording the drum tracks for the new album on September 9, 2014, and planned to release the complete recording", "answer_start": 414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the they release it?", "answer": {"text": "planned to release the complete recording by the spring of 2015.", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get back together?", "answer": {"text": "it was announced during a January 2018 interview with Metal Nation that the band had plans to get together", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bfa5f55d7bb493482a7692b0059d2d9_0_q#11", "question": "Was anyone hurt?", "rewrite": "Was anyone in Adrenaline Mob  hurt?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On December 3, 2013, the band announced that their second full-length album would be released on February 18, 2014, in North America and on February 24, 2014, internationally, and would be titled \"Men Of Honor\". Portnoy was replaced by A. J. Pero of Twisted Sister. On August 4, 2014, Moyer informed his fans via Facebook and Twitter that he would not be joining Adrenaline Mob on an upcoming planned tour. In response, Adrenaline Mob announced that they were in search of a new bass player, effectively ending Moyer's tenure with the band. Shortly after, the band selected Erik Leonhardt as its new bass player. On January 6, 2015, the group announced they would release a new covers album, \"Dearly Departed\", through Century Media on February 9 in Europe (digital only) and on February 10 in North America. On March 20, 2015, drummer A.J. Pero was found unresponsive on the band's tour bus. Band members attempted but failed to wake him. The band was traveling from Baltimore to Poughkeepsie. Pero was taken to a hospital where he was declared dead from an apparent heart attack. He was 55 years old. The next day, the band performed in New Jersey with several drummers filling in for Pero, including Chad Szeliga, Johnny Kelly, and former Adrenaline Mob drummer Mike Portnoy. On March 22, 2017, the band announced the release of a new album called \"We The People\", with its title, album artwork and some songs inspired by the 2016 United States presidential election. They also announced a new bass player and drummer: David \"Dave Z\" Zablidowsky (Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Jeff Scott Soto band) and Jordan Cannata, respectively.", "Men of Honor (Adrenaline Mob album) Men of Honor is the second studio album by American heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. It was released on February 18, 2014 by Century Media Records. It is the only Adrenaline Mob release with drummer A. J. Pero fully involved; he would die in 2015, but be featured on a single track of the following album, \"We the People\". The album's tracks were revealed one by one via streaming at SoundCloud, with each new track being released every week. According to guitarist Mike Orlando, the album's title was suggested by his father. \"We were thinking about names for the record, and he said 'Why don't you guys call it \"<nowiki>'</nowiki>Uomini D'Onore<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" [translation: 'Men of Honor']?' I knew that was it. We're tight like brothers. This is a musical gang. The message is to stand strong with Adrenaline Mob. Regardless of what's changed, we are men of honor, and we will honor this entity until we die.\" All songs written by Mike Orlando and Russell Allen andunless otherwise noted.", "John Moyer John Moyer (born November 30, 1973) is an American musician, best known as the current bassist and back-up vocalist for the heavy metal band Disturbed. Taking over in 2004 after Steve \"Fuzz\" Kmak was fired, Moyer has played bass-guitar with the group since their third studio album, \"Ten Thousand Fists\" which he played on as a session member, becoming a full-time member around 2005 during the supporting tour for the album. Moyer was also the bassist for the American supergroup Adrenaline Mob, joining in February 2012, and remained with the band until August 2014. He currently plays in Stereo Satellite, Art of Anarchy, and in 2015 he became a full-time member of the band . Moyer was born and raised in El Paso, Texas, United States, and graduated from Coronado High School. Moyer was formerly part of the Texas hard rock act The Union Underground. Prior to his stint in The Union Underground, he was the bassist of the popular band Soak, also hailing from Texas. He is the owner and teaches at Natural Ear Music in Austin, Texas, where he works with a lot of young bands. Moyer works in partnership with Silver Tongue Management. While he is still capable of playing finger-style, Moyer prefers picking because it has a more aggressive feeling. On February 8, 2012, it was announced that Moyer joined the supergroup Adrenaline Mob while Disturbed is on hiatus. On April 19, 2013, Moyer was announced to be filling in for Rudy Sarzo on bass for five tour dates in Geoff Tate's lineup formed after his dismissal from Queensr\u00ffche. On May 14, 2014, Moyer was involved in a tour bus accident while on tour with Adrenaline Mob supporting Avenged Sevenfold. No serious injuries were sustained by any of the band-members.", "We the People (Adrenaline Mob album) We the People is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Adrenaline Mob. It was released on 2 June 2017, and was followed by a tour. According to lead vocalist Russell Allen, the album takes a political stance. He also stated that he was inspired by the previous American election season. It is the band's only album with bass guitarist David Zablidowsky, as he would die in a traffic accident while touring with them later that year. Former band drummer A. J. Pero, who died in 2015, is featured on a cover of the Billy Idol song \"Rebel Yell\" (new drummer Jordan Cannata performs on all the other tracks). This makes \" We the People\" the final work of both Pero and Zablidowsky. Music & lyrics written by Mike Orlando & Russell Allen andunless otherwise noted. Adrenaline Mob", "Adrenaline Mob Adrenaline Mob is a Heavy Metal supergroup formed in early 2011 by singer Russell Allen, guitarist Mike Orlando and drummer Mike Portnoy. The band's current lineup consists of Allen, Orlando, and drummer Jordan Cannata. The band was formed in early 2011 and had its first live performance on June 24, 2011, at the Hiro Ballroom in New York City, with the addition of bass player Paul Di Leo (Fozzy), and rhythm guitarist Rich Ward (Stuck Mojo/Fozzy). They released a YouTube video of a cover version of the Black Sabbath song \"The Mob Rules\" on June 27, 2011, to promote the band. On New Year's Eve 2011, Adrenaline Mob announced via their Facebook page that they would release their debut full-length studio album \"Omert\u00e0\" on March 13, 2012, and also revealed the album art. On January 7, 2012, the band announced the departures of Rich Ward and Paul Di Leo due to scheduling conflicts with their other bands. On February 8, 2012, it was announced that John Moyer (Disturbed) was Adrenaline Mob's new bass player. Moyer made his on-stage debut with the group on March 12, at New York City\u2019s Hiro Ballroom, a day before the release of \"Omert\u00e0\". On January 31, 2013, the band announced the release of an EP of cover songs entitled \"Covert\u00e1\"; it was released on March 12, 2013. On June 4, 2013, Portnoy announced via Adrenaline Mob's Facebook page that he would be playing four more shows with the band before departing. Portnoy cited scheduling conflicts that prevented him from being able \"to fully commit to the band's future activities at the moment\"."], "answer": {"text": "which resulted in severe injuries for Allen and two deaths.", "answer_start": 538}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was  Symphony X, Underworld ?", "answer": {"text": "album would be titled Underworld,", "answer_start": 1521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "a release date of July 24, 2015.", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was the album received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the band take a break?", "answer": {"text": "2017", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the reason for the break?", "answer": {"text": "due in part to his commitment to Adrenaline Mob,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Whose commitment?", "answer": {"text": "singer Russell Allen,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for Underworld?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The band began recording the drum tracks for the new album on September 9, 2014, and planned to release the complete recording", "answer_start": 414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the they release it?", "answer": {"text": "planned to release the complete recording by the spring of 2015.", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get back together?", "answer": {"text": "it was announced during a January 2018 interview with Metal Nation that the band had plans to get together", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about their time apart?", "answer": {"text": "On July 14, 2017, Adrenaline Mob was involved in a serious vehicular accident,", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#0", "question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "rewrite": "What type of style does Adam have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some time later, Dr. Isaacs, having changed his name to Aaronson, is watching a football game his son, Adam, is playing in. Adam wins the game by throwing a touchdown pass to another teammate; however, the football knocks into the player and sends him flying into the goal post to win the game. Everyone, especially Adam, is very surprised but cheer that they won the game and rush to Adam. Overwhelmed with everyone rushing to him, Adam has a seizure and passes out. The next day, Adam meets with his best friend J.T, who asks if everything is alright, to which Adam says it is. Adam and J.T. see Adam's girlfriend Carly talking with the school security guard, Officer Michaels. Carly mentions to Adam that Michaels is interested with and wants to meet Adam. After making plans to meet Carly later, Adam goes to various classes as normal. After one class, Officer Michaels comes and brings Adam to the vice-principal's office. The vice-principal thinks Adam is taking steroids or illegal drugs, a notion started by Adam's high school rival, Ricky Sims. At football practice Ricky revealed he started the rumor Adam was taking drugs. They have a brief fight, and Adam has another seizure. Dr. Aaronson is there and helps take the unconscious Adam home. Adam is later shown lying on an operating table, hooked up to various cables. The next morning, Adam wakes up but does not remember the seizure at all, and seems to have forgotten certain information from the past couple of weeks, such as studying for a test that day. When Adam mentions he doesn't remember the seizure to his Dad, his Dad shrugs it off and says not to worry. During school he is called to the nurse's office.", "Adam style The Adam style (or Adamesque and \"Style of the Brothers Adam\") is an 18th-century neoclassical style of interior design and architecture, as practised by three Scottish brothers, of whom Robert Adam (1728\u20131792) and James Adam (1732\u20131794) were the most widely known. The Adam brothers advocated an integrated style for architecture and interiors, with walls, ceilings, fireplaces, furniture, fixtures, fittings and carpets all being designed by the Adams as a single uniform scheme. Commonly and mistakenly known as \"Adams Style,\" the proper term for this style of architecture and furniture is the \"Style of the Adam Brothers.\" The \"Adam style\" found its niche from the late 1760s in upper-class and middle-class residences in 18th-century England, Scotland, Russia (where it was introduced by Scottish architect Charles Cameron), and post-Revolutionary War United States (where it became known as Federal style and took on a variation of its own). The style was superseded from around 1795 onwards by the Regency style and the French Empire style. During the 18th century there was much work for eager architects and designers, as Britain experienced a boom in the building of new houses, theatres, shops, offices and factories, with towns growing rapidly due to the onset of the Industrial Revolution. The emphasis was on modernisation, with regulations being introduced to clean up the nation's streets, promoting the re-paving of roads and pavements, improving drainage and street lighting, and better fireproofing of buildings with the widespread use of brick and stone. Speculative building was rife, with some developers focussing on high speed and low cost.", "Further engraving were completed in Edinburgh in the 1730s by Richard Cooper. The project then stalled, possibly due to the lack of subscriptions (only 150 were collected, compared to over 700 for \"Vitruvius Britannicus\"), although it may have been revived around the time of Adam's death. In 1766, John Adam attempted to restart the project and collect fresh subscriptions, although nothing came of this. The book was finally published in 1812 by John's son William, and contained 160 plates, including 100 of Adam's own designs. William Adam's dominant position in Scottish architecture is reinforced by his lack of contemporaries. Colin McWilliam, in \"The Buildings of Scotland: Lothian\", wondered \"whether Scottish architecture at this period... would have achieved very much without him.\" Adam's death coincided with the final defeat of the Jacobite threat in 1746, and the advance of the Scottish Enlightenment, which resulted in new styles of building becoming popular. The development of Neoclassicism in the late 18th century was paralleled by a revival of the \"castle\" form of house, which would lead to the Scottish baronial style. Neither idiom however, owed much to the work of William Adam. As a practical man rather than a theorist, Adam never developed a strong enough style to exert a direct influence on the course of building design. His main bequest to architectural history were his three architect sons, and in particular Robert Adam, whose success as developer of the \"Adam Style\" far outran that of his father. Although Robert formed his own style through lengthy study in Rome, John Fleming detects traces of his father's influence on all three of the brothers' work, and suggests that the Adam principle of \"movement\" in architecture was partly inspired by William's admiration for Vanbrugh.", "William Adam (architect)  William Adam (1689 \u2013 24 June 1748) was a Scottish architect, mason, and entrepreneur. He was the foremost architect of his time in Scotland, designing and building numerous country houses and public buildings, and often acting as contractor as well as architect. Among his best known works are Hopetoun House near Edinburgh, and Duff House in Banff. His individual, exuberant style built on the Palladian style, but with Baroque details inspired by Vanbrugh and Continental architecture. In the 18th century, Adam was considered Scotland's \"Universal Architect\". However, since the early 20th century, architectural critics have taken a more measured view, Colin McWilliam, for instance, finding the quality of his work \"varied to an extreme degree\". As well as being an architect, Adam was involved in several industrial ventures and improvement schemes, including coal mining, salt panning, stone quarries and mills. In 1731 he began to build up his own estate in Kinross-shire, which he named Blair Adam. He was the father of three architects; John, Robert and James, the last two were the developers of the \"Adam style\". William Adam was born in Linktown of Abbotshall, now a neighbourhood of Kirkcaldy, Fife, and was baptised on 24 October 1689. He was the only surviving child of John Adam (d. c. 1710), a mason, and Helen Cranstoun, daughter of William Cranstoun, 3rd Lord Cranstoun. His paternal grandfather was Archibald Adam, a laird in Angus. Adam probably attended the grammar school in Kirkcaldy until 1704, when he turned 15, and thereafter learned the craft of masonry, possibly from his father. It is often suggested that Adam was apprenticed to Sir William Bruce at Kinross House, although the dates make this unlikely.", "Adam baronets There have been two baronetcies created for persons with the surname Adam, both in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. One creation is extant as of 2009. The Adam Baronetcy, of Blair Adam in the County of Kinross, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 20 May 1882 for Charles Adam, who was later Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire from 1909 to 1911. The title was in honour of his late father, the Liberal politician and colonial administrator William Patrick Adam, whose widow Emily Adam was granted the precedence of a baronet's wife the same year. William Patrick Adam was the son of Admiral Sir Charles Adam, son of William Adam, only surviving son of the architect John Adam, brother of architects Robert Adam and James Adam. John Adam and Sir Frederick Adam, uncles of William Patrick Adam, also gained distinction. Sir Charles Adam, 1st Baronet, died childless in 1922, when the baronetcy became extinct. His estates were passed on to his nephew, Charles Keith Adam, who served as Lord Lieutenant of Kinross-shire between 1955 and 1966. The Adam Baronetcy, of Hankelow Court in the County of Chester, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 15 February 1917 for the industrialist Frank Adam. His eldest son, Ronald (1885-1982) the second Baronet, was a General in the British Army. He was succeeded by his nephew Christopher (1920-2009), the third Baronet. He was the son of Eric Graham Forbes Adam, second son of the first Baronet. The fourth baronet was Stephen Timothy Forbes Adam (1923-2019), son of Colin Forbes Adam, third son of Sir Frank. The heir apparent is the current holder's eldest son, Charles David Forbes Adam (born 1957)."], "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#1", "question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "rewrite": "Where does Adam  find his style choices?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I can see why she behaves the way she does\u2014you do become over-protective with a baby. It's amazing what your body does to you and the instincts that suddenly take over. Being a mum myself, I have got real empathy with Rachel.\" However, \"Observer\" television reviewer Kathryn Flett criticised the plot as unrealistic:  As an obsessive new mother who has spent many an hour hovering over my son with a thermometer and a pre-emptive bottle of Calpol, Rachel's contention that she didn't want to go out for dinner with Adam because she couldn't bear to leave three-month-old Matthew in the care of their best friend's children's nanny was just one niggling implausibility too far. After three months of being on baby duty 24 hours a day, every woman I've ever come across has, ordinary guilt aside, all but wept with joy at the prospect of a bowl of pasta and a glass of wine consumed somewhere other than Babyville. None of which would matter a jot, of course, had \"Cold Feet\" not been feted for reflecting the lives of its target audience. After her revelation to Adam, Rachel is more willing to leave Matthew in some else's care; after her maternity leave ends and she returns to work, Adam looks after Matthew during his period of unemployment. When they discover their rented house is being put up for sale, Rachel and Adam find the perfect family home to buy. As Rachel drives to the auction, her car is hit by a highway maintenance truck. She is taken to hospital for emergency treatment but dies later that night. A church funeral service is held for her and her ashes are scattered in Portmeirion, the location being where Adam states Matthew was conceived.", "Ambitious immigrants may accomplish high status and wealth in individual cases, but this does not lessen general tensions between the rich and poor in the face of widening wealth and income disparities. Even though skin colour no longer determines biographies to the extent it used to, ethnic frames still guide people's perceptions in multiple ways. Thus skin colour remains a relevant factor, even in a multi-ethnic society, but becomes increasingly ambiguous as a marker of social belonging. In a world with an increasing variety of life style choices, the issue of self examination gains importance. Leah, who sees no appeal in the traditional maternal role, rejecting still wide-spread societal expectations, cuts to the core of this new liberty: \"I am the sole author of the dictionary that defines me\". This freedom of self-definition however also come with increased responsibility. Getting to choose means having to carefully consider your choices and having more occasion for doubts. In \"NW,\" the possibility of being the sole author of your own life is portrayed as a blessing and a curse at the same time. Self-examination, however, does not always protect against delusion. In a quest to be all things to all people, a person can lose sight of their innermost self. In contrast to Leah, Natalie has always tried her best to meet societal expectations - in her role as daughter, sister, mother, wife, lawyer, rich person, poor person, Briton and Jamaican. Each of this roles demands its own costume. Natalie comes to see them as cage, from which she tries to escape, through her sexual escapades. The novel portray different reactions to the social pressures placed on women with regard to motherhood. Leah ultimately resists the pressure, but still feels a need to hide her desire to remain childless as long as possible.", "The ARM1176JZ(F)-S is the same CPU used in the original iPhone, although at a higher clock rate, and mated with a much faster GPU. The earlier V1.1 model of the Raspberry Pi 2 used a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz 32-bit, quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB shared L2 cache. The Raspberry Pi 2 V1.2 was upgraded to a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, the same SoC which is used on the Raspberry Pi 3, but underclocked (by default) to the same 900 MHz CPU clock speed as the V1.1. The BCM2836 SoC is no longer in production as of late 2016. The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache. The Model A+ and B+ are 1.4 GHz The Raspberry Pi 4 uses a Broadcom BCM2711 SoC with a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, with 1MB shared L2 cache. The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W use the same Broadcom BCM2835 SoC as the first generation Raspberry Pi, although now running at 1 GHz CPU clock speed. While operating at 700 MHz by default, the first generation Raspberry Pi provided a real-world performance roughly equivalent to 0.041 GFLOPS. On the CPU level the performance is similar to a 300 MHz Pentium II of 1997\u201399.", "Tesco's buying director Jan Marchant said: \"Kate Middleton looked extremely elegant in her choice of outfit and many women wanted to find a high street replica of this now iconic dress. The rate at which the dress sold out online is testament to how influential Kate's style choices are.\" A poll by celebrity style website MyCelebrityFashion.co.uk ranked the dress as the second most iconic outfit of 2010, beat out only by Lady Gaga's 2010 MTV Video Music Awards meat dress. Middleton's blue dress sparked a trend in \"little blue dresses,\" as a more colourful alternative to the famous little black dress. According to \"Glamour\" contributing style editor Tracey Lomrantz, \"Women saw (Middleton\u2019s iridescent Issa dress) and thought, 'I want to look like her.'\" The colour, with hues ranging \"from iris to cerulean, navy to indigo and everything between,\" was spotted across the runways and retailers after the engagement announcement. Celebrities such as Tia Carrere, Kristen Bell, and Amy Smart were all spotted in shades of blue on the red carpet during the Spring 2011 season.", "When Chas finds out, she angrily tells him that she doesn't want anything to do with him anymore. After this, Aaron slowly starts to change into a better person. Despite Paddy's initial annoyance at his presence, the two form a close father-son relationship. Aaron begins dating Holly Barton (Sophie Powles) and makes friends with her brother, Adam (Adam Thomas). After Aaron and Adam are involved in a run-off-road collision, Aaron tries to kiss Adam. Aaron is embarrassed and tells Adam that he misunderstood the situation. Aaron sleeps with Holly and Adam tells his family that he thinks Aaron is gay. Adam tells Aaron that he is fine with him being gay but he does not want his sister to be used. Aaron denies it but Holly ends their relationship. Aaron visits a gay bar and meets Jackson Walsh (Marc Silcock), he leaves his phone behind and Jackson returns it. Aaron returns to the bar to meet Jackson. When Paddy discovers that Aaron has visited a gay bar he asks if he Aaron is gay only for Aaron to violently attack him. Aaron apologises and admits that he is gay but rejects his sexuality. Jackson comes to the village to talk to Aaron. They go to kiss but are interrupted. After a night out at the bar Jackson and Aaron eventually kiss. Jackson comes to The Woolpack and when he touches Aaron's arm, Aaron punches him. Aaron is charged with ABH and told that he will stand trial. Aaron tries to kill himself at the garage but his uncle, Cain Dingle (Jeff Hordley), and Adam find him in time. During his court case Aaron admits that he hit Jackson because he himself is gay and struggling with this situation, Aaron is sentenced to community service."], "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#2", "question": "What do people think of his style?", "rewrite": "What do people think of Adam's style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Black and White (2002 film) Black and White is a 2002 Australian film, directed by Craig Lahiff and starring Robert Carlyle, Charles Dance, Kerry Fox, David Ngoombujarra, and Colin Friels. Louis Nowra wrote the screenplay, and Helen Leake and Nik Powell produced the film. The film won an Australian Film Institute award in 2003 for David Ngoombujarra as Best Actor in a Supporting Role. Based on real events, it tells the story of Max Stuart (Ngoombujarra), a young aboriginal man who was sentenced to death after being found guilty of the murder of a nine-year-old girl on what was considered questionable evidence. It follows the fight by his lawyers David O'Sullivan (Carlyle) and Helen Devaney (Fox) to save Stuart from execution, as well as Crown Prosecutor, Roderic Chamberlain's (Dance) efforts to convict Stuart. Rohan Rivett editor of an Adelaide paper, \"The News\", and its publisher, Rupert Murdoch (Ben Mendelsohn) also feature as leading the public response in the campaign to save Stuart. In the final scene of the film, Max Stuart appeared as himself as an older man, driving along a dirt highway near Alice Springs where he lived at the time, and saying: \"Yeah, some people think I'm guilty and some people think I'm not. Some people think Elvis is still alive, but most of us think he's dead and gone.\" Director Craig Lahiff interview at the world premiere of BLACK AND WHITE at the Toronto International Film Festival: \"I vaguely remembered the Stuart case from my childhood. When Helen first mentioned the idea of the film, we decided to do a bit of research.", "Future self The psychological research on the future self examines the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. Psychological research on the future self often attributes its theoretical foundations to the philosopher Derek Parfit. Parfit argued that people might differ in the extent to which they feel similar and connected to themselves in the future. Under Parfit's conceptualization, people act rationally by basing their concern for their future on the degree of connectedness between present and future selves. According to Parfit, it is rational for people who perceive very little connectedness with their future self to act in ways that neglect the future self (e.g., by smoking). The psychological work that followed did not similarly argue for Parfit's normative view but has instead attempted to test the descriptive validity of Parfit's theory. Social psychological and neurological evidence suggests that people think about themselves in the future similarly to how they think about other people. Just as feeling close to others increases prosocial giving, feeling close to one's future self motivates people to delay present gratification in order to benefit themselves in the future. Shane Frederick initially tested whether the degree of connectedness with the future self is associated with less discounting of future benefits (in dollar amounts and time).", "Well, what if you gave that level of power to someone who, at heart, didn't have that emotional capability? Waid further notes that, \"by the classic superhero rules,\" a hero can't concern themselves with what people think of them, but that if \"you are so far removed as to not care what people think of you, it takes one less step to not care what people think.\" During the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con International, Waid stated that he had developed ideas for ending the story but had no end issue planned while sales of the book continued. During the same event, he added that he did not have any intention of rehabilitating the Plutonian character or redeeming him for his actions, saying \"There's no hope for Plutonian... but that said, I never actually said the title \"Irredeemable\" refers to Plutonian.\" The Plutonian, a powerful being once thought to be the world's greatest superhero, has now become its greatest supervillain. He has destroyed Sky City \u2014 the metropolis he once protected \u2014 and murdered millions of people across the globe. The series starts with the Plutonian killing his former ally, the Hornet, and his entire family. The remaining superheroes, the Paradigm \u2014 Bette Noir, Scylla, Charybdis (Cary), Volt, Qubit, Gil, and Kaidan \u2014 search for the reason behind Plutonian's change by speaking to his former sidekick Samsara, whom Plutonian lobotomized. Former enemies of Plutonian attempt to work with him, but they immediately betray him when he offers a way to earn his trust, resulting in a self-destruct of the facility in which they are meeting. The resulting explosion kills Scylla and injures Cary, superhero brothers who are observing the villains.", "When majority members of a population felt that the minority members wanted to seek contact with them, their meta-stereotypes about themselves were more positive and that led to them having more positive attitudes about the minority group. The collectivistic meta-stereotype of Asians may lead them to think that they need to be more of an individual. This self-perceived notion of individuation may lead to tension with their culture and a continuation of their stereotype to relieve this tension. White Americans may hold the meta-stereotype that Black Americans perceive them negatively. The majority of Black Americans surveyed believed that White Americans think Black Americans are more likely to commit violent crimes, are better athletes, are less intelligent, would rather live off welfare than work, have low moral standards, are more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, are always whining about racism, are lazy, have no self-discipline, and are religious. These meta-stereotypes are perceived at a higher rate by Black Americans than the rate at which White Americans actually report believing these stereotypes. Another example of meta-stereotypes can be found between Aboriginal and White Canadians. Aboriginal Canadians perceive White Canadians as egocentric, lacking feeling, prejudice, ambitious, and high status. Conversely, White Canadian\u2019s meta-stereotype of Aboriginals was perceived as lazy, rebellious, lacking ambition, low status, unscientific in nature, and unsociable. Younger people hold meta-stereotypes that older people think they are lazy and unmotivated, irresponsible, unreliable, inexperienced and add no value. Older people hold meta-stereotypes that younger people think they are boring, stubborn, and grumpy. These results are not representative of what young people actually think of older people. Men and women typically hold meta-stereotypes about the opposite genders.", "Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World \u2013 and Why Things Are Better Than You Think Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World \u2013 and Why Things Are Better Than You Think is a 2018 book by Swedish statistician Hans Rosling with his son Ola Rosling and daughter-in-law Anna Rosling R\u00f6nnlund. In the book, Rosling suggests the vast majority of human beings are wrong about the state of the world. He shows that his test subjects think the world is poorer, less healthy, and more dangerous than it is. Rosling recommends thinking about the world as divided into four levels based on income brackets. He suggests ten instincts that prevent us from seeing real progress in the world. These are listed as Gap, Negativity, Straight Line, Fear, Size, Generalization, Destiny, Single, Blame, and Urgency. Bill Gates highlighted the book as one of his suggested 5 books worth reading for summer 2018. Rosling criticizes the notion of dividing the world into the \"developed world\" and the \"developing world\", saying it's an outdated view. He shows that today most countries are \"developed\" and the ones that aren't don't fit how developing countries were when the term became popular. Instead, he offers a four category model based on income per person (adjusted for price differences): One frequent and recurring theme of Factfulness is the notion that the world is getting better. It also stresses that many people think the world is getting worse when in fact it is not. The survey at the beginning states that with over 10,000 poll recipients 80% knew less about the world than chimps would have [had] they just guessed. This, the authors claim, shows that the media systematically skew data, trends, and uses selective stories to make people think that the world is getting worse."], "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#3", "question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "rewrite": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Lord at first did Adam make The Lord at first did Adam make, alternatively The Lord at first had Adam made is a traditional English Christmas carol which was collected and first published in 1822 in Davies Gilbert's collection \"Some Ancient Christmas Carols... Formerly Sung in the West of England\". The carol relates the events of Genesis, Chapter 3, relating the evils that have befallen humanity since that first fall and humanity's subsequent redemption; during Advent, a traditional theme is of the birth of Jesus being the coming of the \"Second Adam\". The carol was sung in the West Country of England on Christmas Eve. In Davies Gilbert's preface to his 1822 publication, he writes \"The following Carols or Christmas Songs were chanted to the Tunes accompanying them, in Churches on Christmas Day, and in private houses on Christmas Eve, throughout the West of England, up to the latter part of the late century... The Editor is desirous of preserving them in their actual forms, however distorted by false grammar or by obscurities, as specimens of times now passed away, and of religious feelings superseded by others of a different cast.\" It was popularised by its inclusion in John Stainer and Henry Ramsden Bramley's \"Christmas Carols, New and Old\" of 1877, albeit in a Victorianised non-modal form, with a grammatically corrected text. In addition to Gilbert Davies' collected version, another tune also exists and there are numerous textual variations, including additional verses.", "Remarkably, thirty-five years after the first Bondying film, Chichay would be called upon to play the very same role in the Viva Films remake starring Jimmy Santos (actor). In 1962, she shared equal billing with other comediennes in \"Pitong Atsay\" (1962) as a rebellious canteen servant. It was a box-office riot that a sequel was released, \"Pitong Atsay strikes again\" (1963). Also she played the comic-villainess,\"Alupihan\" in Tarsan and Tansan\" (1963) with Dolphy and Vic Vargas. Chichay remained a contract star with Sampaguita Pictures for almost two decades. After her stint with Sampaguita, she remained in demand as a character actress, often in comic roles. In 1972, she was nominated for a FAMAS Best Supporting Actress award for her role in \"Bilanguang Puso\". She also played support to the country's top actresses\u2014Vilma Santos in \"Yakapin mo ako Lalaking Matapang\" (1980), Nora Aunor in \" Darling Buntis ka na Naman\" (1978) and \"Totoo ba ang Tsismis (1980), Sharon Cuneta in \" Forgive and Forget\" (1982). She also starred with Fernando Poe Jr and Susan Roces in \"Mo Retreat, No Surrender si Kumander\" (1987). Chichay also crossover to television in the 1960s when she played support to Nida Blanca and Nestor de Villa in \"The Nida-Nestor Show\" (1969\u201372) which was actually a variety show. She would provide the laugh antics in between the skits, the sing and dance potions.", "Toby accuses him of using again, but Adam angrily denies it, saying that though he does not want the drug, the drug may want him. Kevin casts a spell on Bro which inadvertently kills him. He manages to reverse the spell, bringing Bro back to life. The next day, Bro attempts a spell on Toby which fails. He goes to Diana for an explanation, who points him in Griff's direction. Bro confronts him, but Griffen convinces him that he is not responsible for his problem. Griff later explains that Bro can replenish his energy by having sex with men other than Kevin. Michelle and Diana begin researching ancient Tresum scrolls and share an unexpected kiss. Diana excuses herself to find more scrolls, and Michelle takes the opportunity to slip a few drops of her own blood into Diana's tea. Grace arrives demanding star flower from Diana, who has none. Grace leaves for the spring. Diana calls out for Michelle, who hid from Grace, and finishes the blood-spiked cup of tea. But Michelle has slipped away, and in her demonic form, uproots all of the star flower. Grace arrives at the spring later with Trevor to discover the shredded plant, but Trevor salvages a small sprig. Meanwhile, Brit discovers a mysterious chest during a late night scuba dive. Bro informs Toby that Adam is starting as H2Eau's newest bartender. Toby confronts Bro, accusing him of forcing Adam to work for him, but Bro denies the use of magic, or that he has any sexual interest in Adam. After Adam's shift ends, Toby tries to convince him to quit. Adam explains that his parents have cut off his allowance because he refused to leave Dante's Cove so that he could stay with Toby. Toby finally gives in, and he and Adam make love for the first time.", "Lawyer Man Lawyer Man is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by William Dieterle, based on the novel by Max Trell. The film stars William Powell and Joan Blondell. It was produced by Warner Bros. By the time of the release, several actors were credited in the studio, but were not seen in the film. These include Edward Arnold, Harold Huber and Henry Armetta. Anton Adam is a lawyer from the Lower East Side of New York who has just got a client acquitted against the well-established uptown attorney Granville Bentley. Bentley admires Adam's work as a litigator and offers the poorer lawyer a partnership. Adam accepts. Adam's faithful secretary Olga Michaels isn't delighted to see Adam make the move. Adam had meanwhile turned down an offer to work for local party boss Gilmurry. Adam's downfall comes when he meets the beautiful actress Virginia St. Johns, who is introduced as a woman whose fiance, associated with Gilmurry, has abandoned her. She provides Adam with love letters that he believes will win her a large amount in a breach of promise suit. Adam sues Dr. Gresham, but Virginia soon phones Adam to say she wants to drop the suit. Adam heatedly responds that the case has gone too far to stop now, which Virginia records. The love letters are stolen from Adam's desk. Now Adam is taken to court and must face a tough jury that eventually deadlocks. He loses his reputation and his partnership with Bentley and decides to become the ruthless attorney that the public imagines him to be. Adam eventually gets Gilmurry to recommend him for a position as an assistant district attorney, where he gets his revenge by prosecuting Gresham and his corrupt brother, a judge, for fraud against the city.", "After setting fire to the compound, they are cornered outside it. As they are about to be executed, they turn the tables, taking Mother hostage. Basso is killed and the others escape, severely injuring and killing several cultists, including Mother. Later, Perry falls prey to a tripwire-rigged trap, impaling him through the gut. Although painful, he manages to survive long enough to kill off several more cultists and give the others the time they need to get away, after which his head is bashed in by Mother's son. Lee, Maggie and Adam make it up to a mountain where Maggie, who is now delusional from the trauma, commits suicide by jumping off the cliff. Lee and Adam escape by jumping into a river and swimming to the shore, where they meet the real Park Ranger. Then Mother's husband, her son, and another cultist arrive in a truck and shoot the Ranger with an arrow. Adam then takes his gun and shoots both the cultists. Mother's husband attempts to run Adam down, but collides with the Ranger's truck. Adam shoots him as he begs for help. Much later, the FBI and the Police arrive, giving medical attention to Adam and Lee. Adam is disturbed to hear that only two bodies were recovered from the final confrontation. An FBI team treks through the forest, searching for the cult, when Gwen comes out of a cave, having finally escaped herself. As the agent leading the group walks toward her, Gwen shouts for her to run. The head agent is taken by surprise by Mother's son, who has survived the gunshot wounds, and the movie ends. The film's television premiere was June 8, 2008 on Spike TV. The DVD was released on June 23, 2009."], "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#4", "question": "What is Adam's image?", "rewrite": "What is Adam's image?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For Luria, creation is a dynamic process of divine exile-rectification enclothement, where Adam Kadmon is preceded by the Tzimtzum (Divine \"contraction\") and followed by Shevira (the \"shattering\" of the sefirot). Closely related to the Philonic doctrine of the heavenly Adam is the Adam \u1e32admon (called also Adam 'Ilaya, the \"high man,\" the \"heavenly man\") of the Zohar, whose conception of the original man can be deduced from the following passages: \"The form of man is the image of everything that is above [in heaven] and below [upon earth]; therefore did the Holy Ancient [God] select it for His own form.\" As with Philo the Logos is the original image of man, or the original man, so in the Zohar the heavenly man is the embodiment of all divine manifestations: the ten Sefirot, the original image of man. The heavenly Adam, stepping forth out of the highest original darkness, created the earthly Adam. In other words, the activity of the original essence manifested itself in the creation of man, who at the same time is the image of the heavenly man and of the universe, just as with Plato and Philo the idea of man, as microcosm, embraces the idea of the universe or macrocosm. The conception of Adam \u1e32admon becomes an important factor in the later Kabbalah of Isaac Luria. Adam \u1e32admon is with him no longer the concentrated manifestation of the Sefirot, but a mediator between the En-Sof (\"infinite\") and the Sefirot.", "This contains the kernel of Philo's philosophical doctrine of the creation of the original man. He calls him the idea of the earthly Adam, while with the rabbis the spirit (\u05e8\u05d5\u05d7) of Adam not only existed before the creation of the earthly Adam, but was preexistent to the whole of creation. From the preexisting Adam, or Messiah, to the Logos is merely a step. There is a fundamental theosophical statement by Rabbi Akiva in the Talmud relative to this topic. He says, in Abot, iii. 14, \"How favored is man, seeing that he was created in the image! as it is said, 'For in the image, \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u0594\u05d9\u05dd made man'\" (). That \"in the image\" does not mean \"in the image of God\" needs no proof; for in no language can \"image\" be substituted for \"image of God. \" The verse quoted is not that of , wherein the creation of man in the image of God is primarily stated. treats only secondarily of man's creation. In fact Akiba does not speak only of the image (\u05e6\u05b6\u05a3\u05dc\u05b6\u05dd) according to which man was created, but also of the likeness. \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e6\u05b6\u05a3\u05dc\u05b6\u05dd really has no other signification than \"after the image. \" Akiba, who denies any resemblance between God and other beings, teaches that man was created after an image, an archetype or an ideal, and interprets , \"after an image God created man,\" an interpretation impossible in . In the benediction in Ket.", "Last Adam The Last Adam, also given as the Final Adam or the Ultimate Adam, is a title given to Jesus in the New Testament. Similar titles that also refer to Jesus include Second Adam and New Adam. Twice in the New Testament an explicit comparison is made between Jesus and Adam. In Romans 5:12\u201321, Paul argues that \"just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous\" (Romans 5:19, NIV). In 1 Corinthians 15:22, Paul argues that \"as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive,\" while in verse 45 he calls Jesus the \"last/ultimate/final Adam\". John Henry Newman used the phrase \"Second Adam\" in his hymn \"Praise to the Holiest in the height\", first appearing in \"The Dream of Gerontius\": O loving wisdom of our God!<br > When all was sin and shame,<br > A second Adam to the fight<br> And to the rescue came. The title \"New Adam\" is emphasised in the Recapitulation theory of atonement. Paul the Apostle contrasted Adam and Christ as two corporate personalities or representatives (; 1 Cor. 15:20\u20133, 45\u20139) and saw human beings as bearing the image of both Adam and Christ (1 Cor. 15:49). Where Adam's disobedience meant sin and death for all, Christ's obedience more than made good the harm due to Adam by bringing righteousness and abundance of grace (). As a \"life-giving spirit\", the last Adam is risen from the dead and will transform us through resurrection into a heavenly, spiritual existence (1 Cor.", "8a, \u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05de\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05dd \u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5, wherein God is blessed because \"He made man in His image [\u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05de\u05d5], in the image of a form created by Him,\" the concluding explanatory words state, in Akiba's style, that Adam was created after the image of a God-created type (\u05ea\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea). Around the late first century BC, Arius Didymus wrote in Concerning the Opinions of Plato: The above-quoted Midrash is even of greater importance for the understanding of the Pauline Christology, as affording the key to Paul's doctrine of the first and second Adam. The main passage in Pauline Christology is . According to this there is a double form of man's existence; for God created a heavenly Adam in the spiritual world and an earthly one of clay for the material world. The earthly Adam came first into view, although created last. The first Adam was of flesh and blood and therefore subject to death\u2014merely \"a living soul\"; the second Adam was \"a life-giving spirit\"\u2014a spirit whose body, like the heavenly beings in general, was only of a spiritual nature. As a pupil of Gamaliel, Paul simply operates with conceptions familiar to the Palestinian theologians. Messiah, as the Midrash remarks, is, on the one hand, the first Adam, the original man who existed before Creation, his spirit being already present. On the other hand, he is also the second Adam in so far as his bodily appearance followed the Creation, and inasmuch as, according to the flesh, he is of the posterity of Adam. With Philo the original man is an idea; with Paul He is the pre-existent Logos, incarnate as the man Jesus Christ.", "Rabbi Jeremiah ben Eleazar read \"And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years and begot a son in his own likeness, after his own image,\" to imply that until that time, Adam did not beget after his own image. Rabbi Jeremiah ben Eleazar thus concluded that in the 130 years after Adam\u2019s expulsion from the Garden of Eden, Adam begot ghosts and demons. But the Gemara raised an objection from a Baraita: Rabbi Meir taught that Adam was a great saint. According to Rabbi Meir, when Adam saw that through him death was ordained as a punishment, he spent 130 years fasting, severed connection with his wife, and wore clothes of fig leaves. Thus the Gemara asked how Adam could have begotten evil beings. The Gemara suggested an explanation to harmonize the two positions: The semen that Adam emitted accidentally caused ghosts and demons to come into being. In contrast, the Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer read \"And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years and begot a son in his own likeness, after his own image,\" to imply that Cain was not of Adam\u2019s seed, nor after his likeness, nor after his image. The Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer taught that Adam did not beget in his own image until Seth was born, who was after his father Adam\u2019s likeness and image. Thus Rabbi Simeon taught that from Seth arose and were descended all the generations of the righteous. And from Cain arose and were descended all the generations of the wicked. Noting that says of Enoch not that he died, but that \"God took him,\" some sectarians (Judeo-Christians or Christians) challenged Rabbi Abbahu, saying that they did not find that Enoch died, but that God \"took\" him, just as says that God would \"take\" Elijah."], "answer": {"text": "who compared him to Lady Gaga in terms of crossing style boundaries and being unabashedly individual.", "answer_start": 697}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#5", "question": "What is notable about his image?", "rewrite": "What is notable about Adam 's image?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rabbi Jeremiah ben Eleazar read \"And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years and begot a son in his own likeness, after his own image,\" to imply that until that time, Adam did not beget after his own image. Rabbi Jeremiah ben Eleazar thus concluded that in the 130 years after Adam\u2019s expulsion from the Garden of Eden, Adam begot ghosts and demons. But the Gemara raised an objection from a Baraita: Rabbi Meir taught that Adam was a great saint. According to Rabbi Meir, when Adam saw that through him death was ordained as a punishment, he spent 130 years fasting, severed connection with his wife, and wore clothes of fig leaves. Thus the Gemara asked how Adam could have begotten evil beings. The Gemara suggested an explanation to harmonize the two positions: The semen that Adam emitted accidentally caused ghosts and demons to come into being. In contrast, the Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer read \"And Adam lived a hundred and thirty years and begot a son in his own likeness, after his own image,\" to imply that Cain was not of Adam\u2019s seed, nor after his likeness, nor after his image. The Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer taught that Adam did not beget in his own image until Seth was born, who was after his father Adam\u2019s likeness and image. Thus Rabbi Simeon taught that from Seth arose and were descended all the generations of the righteous. And from Cain arose and were descended all the generations of the wicked. Noting that says of Enoch not that he died, but that \"God took him,\" some sectarians (Judeo-Christians or Christians) challenged Rabbi Abbahu, saying that they did not find that Enoch died, but that God \"took\" him, just as says that God would \"take\" Elijah.", "Last Adam The Last Adam, also given as the Final Adam or the Ultimate Adam, is a title given to Jesus in the New Testament. Similar titles that also refer to Jesus include Second Adam and New Adam. Twice in the New Testament an explicit comparison is made between Jesus and Adam. In Romans 5:12\u201321, Paul argues that \"just as through the disobedience of the one man the many were made sinners, so also through the obedience of the one man the many will be made righteous\" (Romans 5:19, NIV). In 1 Corinthians 15:22, Paul argues that \"as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive,\" while in verse 45 he calls Jesus the \"last/ultimate/final Adam\". John Henry Newman used the phrase \"Second Adam\" in his hymn \"Praise to the Holiest in the height\", first appearing in \"The Dream of Gerontius\": O loving wisdom of our God!<br > When all was sin and shame,<br > A second Adam to the fight<br> And to the rescue came. The title \"New Adam\" is emphasised in the Recapitulation theory of atonement. Paul the Apostle contrasted Adam and Christ as two corporate personalities or representatives (; 1 Cor. 15:20\u20133, 45\u20139) and saw human beings as bearing the image of both Adam and Christ (1 Cor. 15:49). Where Adam's disobedience meant sin and death for all, Christ's obedience more than made good the harm due to Adam by bringing righteousness and abundance of grace (). As a \"life-giving spirit\", the last Adam is risen from the dead and will transform us through resurrection into a heavenly, spiritual existence (1 Cor.", "8a, \u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05de\u05d5 \u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05dd \u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05d5, wherein God is blessed because \"He made man in His image [\u05d1\u05e6\u05dc\u05de\u05d5], in the image of a form created by Him,\" the concluding explanatory words state, in Akiba's style, that Adam was created after the image of a God-created type (\u05ea\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05ea). Around the late first century BC, Arius Didymus wrote in Concerning the Opinions of Plato: The above-quoted Midrash is even of greater importance for the understanding of the Pauline Christology, as affording the key to Paul's doctrine of the first and second Adam. The main passage in Pauline Christology is . According to this there is a double form of man's existence; for God created a heavenly Adam in the spiritual world and an earthly one of clay for the material world. The earthly Adam came first into view, although created last. The first Adam was of flesh and blood and therefore subject to death\u2014merely \"a living soul\"; the second Adam was \"a life-giving spirit\"\u2014a spirit whose body, like the heavenly beings in general, was only of a spiritual nature. As a pupil of Gamaliel, Paul simply operates with conceptions familiar to the Palestinian theologians. Messiah, as the Midrash remarks, is, on the one hand, the first Adam, the original man who existed before Creation, his spirit being already present. On the other hand, he is also the second Adam in so far as his bodily appearance followed the Creation, and inasmuch as, according to the flesh, he is of the posterity of Adam. With Philo the original man is an idea; with Paul He is the pre-existent Logos, incarnate as the man Jesus Christ.", "This contains the kernel of Philo's philosophical doctrine of the creation of the original man. He calls him the idea of the earthly Adam, while with the rabbis the spirit (\u05e8\u05d5\u05d7) of Adam not only existed before the creation of the earthly Adam, but was preexistent to the whole of creation. From the preexisting Adam, or Messiah, to the Logos is merely a step. There is a fundamental theosophical statement by Rabbi Akiva in the Talmud relative to this topic. He says, in Abot, iii. 14, \"How favored is man, seeing that he was created in the image! as it is said, 'For in the image, \u05d0\u05b1\u05dc\u05b9\u05d4\u05b4\u0594\u05d9\u05dd made man'\" (). That \"in the image\" does not mean \"in the image of God\" needs no proof; for in no language can \"image\" be substituted for \"image of God. \" The verse quoted is not that of , wherein the creation of man in the image of God is primarily stated. treats only secondarily of man's creation. In fact Akiba does not speak only of the image (\u05e6\u05b6\u05a3\u05dc\u05b6\u05dd) according to which man was created, but also of the likeness. \u05d1\u05b0\u05bc\u05e6\u05b6\u05a3\u05dc\u05b6\u05dd really has no other signification than \"after the image. \" Akiba, who denies any resemblance between God and other beings, teaches that man was created after an image, an archetype or an ideal, and interprets , \"after an image God created man,\" an interpretation impossible in . In the benediction in Ket.", "For Luria, creation is a dynamic process of divine exile-rectification enclothement, where Adam Kadmon is preceded by the Tzimtzum (Divine \"contraction\") and followed by Shevira (the \"shattering\" of the sefirot). Closely related to the Philonic doctrine of the heavenly Adam is the Adam \u1e32admon (called also Adam 'Ilaya, the \"high man,\" the \"heavenly man\") of the Zohar, whose conception of the original man can be deduced from the following passages: \"The form of man is the image of everything that is above [in heaven] and below [upon earth]; therefore did the Holy Ancient [God] select it for His own form.\" As with Philo the Logos is the original image of man, or the original man, so in the Zohar the heavenly man is the embodiment of all divine manifestations: the ten Sefirot, the original image of man. The heavenly Adam, stepping forth out of the highest original darkness, created the earthly Adam. In other words, the activity of the original essence manifested itself in the creation of man, who at the same time is the image of the heavenly man and of the universe, just as with Plato and Philo the idea of man, as microcosm, embraces the idea of the universe or macrocosm. The conception of Adam \u1e32admon becomes an important factor in the later Kabbalah of Isaac Luria. Adam \u1e32admon is with him no longer the concentrated manifestation of the Sefirot, but a mediator between the En-Sof (\"infinite\") and the Sefirot."], "answer": {"text": "Lambert played with male stereotypes and representations; and in the interview, emphasized that his fashion and presentation are often disparate from gay as well as straight regimes:", "answer_start": 71}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Adam's image?", "answer": {"text": "who compared him to Lady Gaga in terms of crossing style boundaries and being unabashedly individual.", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#6", "question": "What designers does he use for his style?", "rewrite": "What designers does Adam use for his style?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A sergeant in the Military Police platoon assigned to garrison Adano; admires the major's changes to the town. Captain Purvis: Under Major Joppolo and the officer in charge of the military police in Adano. General Marvin: General of the American 34th Infantry Division in Italy. He orders that all carts stay out of Adano and relieves Major Joppolo of his position when he discovers that the major countermanded his order. Tina: The daughter of Tomasino , Major Joppolo develops an affinity for her over the course of the novel, even though it may be because she wants the major to find out whether her sweetheart is still alive. Giuseppe: Major Joppolo's interpreter. Zito: Major Joppolo's usher. Tomasino: The leader of the fishermen. Tomasino, though skeptical at first, is thrilled when Major Joppolo allows him and his men to go out and fish. Cacopardo: A rich man, he owns the sulfur refinery of Adano. His chiasmus seen throughout the book: \"Cacopardo is sulphur and sulphur is Cacopardo.\" Mercurio Salvatore: The crier of the town. Gargano: Chief of the police in Adano. Mayor Nasta: Former fascist mayor of Adano , he comes back to the town and is ridiculed by all. Lieutenant Livingston: A United States Navy lieutenant, he is in charge of the port of Adano. \"A Bell for Adano\" was published in 1944 and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1945. The novel achieved huge popularity and was hailed as a classic war novel. Many believed that the novel was realistic because John Hersey had been a war correspondent in Italy during the war. The book is rich in characterization, and it is recognized as a classic study in leadership.", "On 22 December 2018, a public activity on climate change was organized by AD\u017b Green Youth \u2014 the youth wing of the Democratic Alternative party \u2014 at City Gate in Valletta. Carmel Cacopardo, leader of the Democratic Alternative party and candidate for the European Parliament elections of 2019 and Mina Tolu, also a candidate for the 2019 European Parliament elections, addressed those present at the public activity. Cacopardo stated that the proposed tunnel is \u201cessentially a tunnel for the use of cars not for people. In fact it is estimated that the vehicle movement between the two islands is projected to increase from 3000 to 9000 vehicle movements daily over a fifteen year period.\u201d Cacopardo added that \u201ca service provided for the movement of people would be a fast ferry service: from Gozo to the commercial centres of Malta. The encouragement of the use of cars is central to the projected tunnel as tolls are paid and collected from car owners.\u201d Mina Tolu stated that \u201cWe need investment to ensure efficient use of energy, as well as to ensure the transition to a sustainable economy and hundred per cent clean energy that better everyone\u2019s quality of life and combat climate change.\u201d On 6 January 2019, Carmel Cacopardo, referring to the National Transport Master Plan 2025 approved for Malta in 2015, said that the plan is the solution to most of Malta's sustainable mobility issues. Cacopardo also believes the solution to the problem requires alternatives to the use of private cars and that the development of a tunnel is not one of them. On 13 September 2016, Simon Busuttil, the former leader of the Nationalist Party, provided an alternative to the tunnel project by proposing the setting up of a modern train system for Malta and Gozo, saying that the way traffic congestion is increasing will soon make it difficult to go around the islands.", "Carmel Cacopardo Carmel Cacopardo (born 5 March 1956) is a Maltese politician and current leader of the Democratic Alternative party. Carmel Cacopardo was born on 5 March 1956. He's married to Miriam and the couple have two children, Martina and Dario. He lives in Kalkara, Malta. He graduated from the University of Malta in Architecture and Civil Engineering in 1982 and in the University of Staffordshire in the United Kingdom in 2006 in the Sustainability and Environmental Management. In 2006 Cacopardo published a book called Time For Radical Change, based on the research on the introduction of eco-contribution in Malta. He was a student at the University of Malta President of SDM (Maltese Democrat Students) and KSU President (of the University Students' Council). On an international level, Cacopardo was the Vice chairman of EDS (European Democrat Students). Cacopardo was a member of the Nationalist Party. He contested in the general elections of 1987, 1992, 1996 under the PN ticket. For 12 years he was a member of the PN Executive Committee. He also occupied the posts of Information Secretary, Assistant Secretary-General and an Executive President of the Council of the PN. He was also a Secretary of M\u017bPN (The Youth Movement of PN). Cacopardo quit being a member of the Nationalist Party in January 2008. He later joined Democratic Alternative. In September 2017, Cacopardo became the leader of Democratic Alternative.", "Strong tides and occasional windstorms further complicate ship movements near the shore. The UAE also extends for about 90 kilometers along the Gulf of Oman, an area known as the Al Batinah coast. The Al Hajar al Gharbi (Western Al Hajar) Mountains, rising in places to 2,500 meters, separate the Al Batinah coast from the rest of the UAE. Beginning at the UAE-Oman border on the Persian Gulf coast of the Ras Musandam (Musandam Peninsula), the Al Hajar al Gharbi Mountains extend southeastward for about 150 kilometers to the southernmost UAE-Oman frontier on the Gulf of Oman. The range continues as the Al Hajar ash Sharqi (Eastern Al Hajar) Mountains for more than 500 kilometers into Oman. The steep mountain slopes run directly to the shore in many places. Nevertheless, there are small harbors at Dibba Al-Hisn, Kalba, and Khor Fakkan on the Gulf of Oman. In the vicinity of Al Fujayrah, where the mountains do not approach the coast, there are sandy beaches. These northern emirates on the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are part of the Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert ecoregion. South and west of Abu Dhabi, vast, rolling sand dunes merge into the Rub' al Khali (Empty Quarter) of Saudi Arabia. The desert area of Abu Dhabi includes two important oases with adequate underground water for permanent settlements and cultivation. The extensive Al Liwa Oasis is in the south near the undefined border with Saudi Arabia, and about 100 kilometers to the northeast is the Al Buraymi Oasis, which extends on both sides of the Abu Dhabi-Oman border.", "The implantation process only worked on female children for an unknown reason. As Rapture began to fall into social chaos, in part due to the mental instability that came about from increased ADAM use, the Little Sisters were mentally reconditioned to extract ADAM from the dead and recycle it. In order to protect the girls from ADAM-hungry lunatics, Dr. Suchong generated genetically modified humans in armored diving suits, and assigned them to protect a specific Little Sister. These beings became known as \"Big Daddies\". When the player experiences the city, roughly one/ten years after the collapse of its society (one year in \"BioShock\", ten years in \"BioShock 2\"), the majority of Rapture's population is dead; the few that survive have either become psychotic \"Splicers\", or survivors that have barricaded themselves from the Splicers. While most of the city's automated systems still operate, large swaths of the city have become flooded, while others have been damaged beyond repair, either as a result of the bloody civil war that tore Rapture apart, or as a consequence of the Splicers' ADAM-induced psychotic episodes. ADAM harvesting Little Sisters, accompanied by their Big Daddy protectors, continue to wander Rapture during the player's experiences in the city. Rapture was formally founded on November 5, 1946. As described in the games' backstory and through in-game audio recordings, the city of Rapture was envisioned by the Randian business magnate Andrew Ryan, who wanted to create a laissez-faire state with no ties to the rest of the world to escape what he saw as increasingly oppressive political, economic, and religious authority on land. The city was fully completed in 1951."], "answer": {"text": "His signature flamboyance and glam rock styling was a break-out moment in men's fashion, duly noted by fashion publications and taste-makers,", "answer_start": 555}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Adam's image?", "answer": {"text": "who compared him to Lady Gaga in terms of crossing style boundaries and being unabashedly individual.", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is notable about his image?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert played with male stereotypes and representations; and in the interview, emphasized that his fashion and presentation are often disparate from gay as well as straight regimes:", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#7", "question": "Does he showcase his style anywhere?", "rewrite": "Does Adam showcase his style anywhere?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Its feigned battlements are evocative of the Middle Ages, a retrospective formula stylistically derived from Chambord but somewhat vitiated by ample fenestration, including characteristic Renaissance dormers. The exterior has withstood time and the elements remarkably well. It is clothed in classical orders: the Doric order on the ground floor, the Ionic order on the first floor, and the Corinthian order on the second. This was an innovative feature anticipating French classicism. An arcaded gallery rings the courtyard. The western wing with its Mansard roof dates from the 17th century. Talleyrand's ch\u00e2teau boasts one of the most advanced interiors of the Empire style anywhere. There are a hundred rooms, of which a quarter comprise Talleyrand's apartments. A room of King Ferdinand is also shown to tourists. The western wing contains the Talleyrand Museum, formerly housed in outbuildings. The formal French gardens, dating from the early 20th century, cover about forty hectares, not counting the area of Talleyrand's vineyards. Llamas, peacocks, and other exotic animals kept in the park provide amusement for touristes.", "The bells are rung regularly before Solemn Mass on Sundays and on major feast days. They are also rung by arrangement for weddings and funerals and to mark important civic occasions. The bells of St Mary's were heard leading the ringing which marked the centenary of Australian Federation. They are also rung as part of the finale to Sydney's Symphony in the Domain concert in January, in unison with Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture. The ringing and care of the bells is entrusted to the St Mary's Basilica Society of Change Ringers, members of The Australian and New Zealand Association of Bellringers. As at 30 September 2003, the cathedral site is the oldest place maintaining its use as a place of worship for the Catholic community in Australia. It is the site of the original St Mary's Cathedral, the first Catholic church in Australia and is the first land granted to the Catholic Church in Australia. It also the oldest permanent place of residence of Catholic clergy and can be said to be the birthplace of Catholicism in Australia. The cathedral is associated with significant figures in the history of the Catholic Church in Australia, notably with Father Therry, archbishops Polding and Vaughan, Cardinal Moran and Archbishop Kelly. It is also associated with important persons of the 19th and 20th centuries ,including governor Macquarie and Bourke and the architects Greenway, Pugin, Wardell and Hennessy. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Sydney and the mother diocese of Australia. The cathedral is of major architectural significance as the largest 19th century ecclesiastical building in the English Gothic style anywhere in the world. The Cathedral Chapter Hall located to the east is significant as the oldest building extant on the site, possibly the oldest surviving Catholic school building in Australia and evidence to suggest an important direct involvement in its design by Pugin.", "It is the place where the International Eucharistic Congresses of 1928 and 1954 were celebrated at St Mary's. The cathedral is also where the first Pope to visit Australia celebrated mass and, through its organists and choir masters, has played an important role in the musical history of Sydney. The Cathedral is associated with significant figures in the history of the Catholic Church in Australia, notably with Father Therry, Archbishops Polding and Vaughan, Cardinal Moran and Archbishop Kelly all of whom are buried in the crypt. It is also associated with important persons of the 19th and 20th centuries, including Governors Macquarie and Bourke, and architects Greenway, Pugin, Wardell and Hennessy. The Chapter Hall's Gothic Revival style blends well with the cathedral and is aesthetically pleasing. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. The cathedral is sited along a ridge running north-south on the eastern edge of the central area of the city and projects a dominating and inspiring presence, its roof and towers rising up above the neighbouring buildings and trees. The four arms of its plan establish axes that link it to the harbour and Woolloomooloo, to Hyde Park and to College and Macquarie Streets. The long English form of the building restates and reinforces these axes, powerfully weaving the cathedral into the urban fabric. As well as providing majestic vistas from the harbour and Potts Point, from Hyde Park and the adjacent streets, and from the elevated viewpoints of many central city buildings, the cathedral offers from within beautifully framed and precious vistas of the surrounding city. It is the largest nineteenth century ecclesiastical building in the English archaeological Gothic style anywhere in the world. The refinement and scholarship of its composition and details are of the highest rank.", "While previous Gothic Revival architects had attempted to closely recapture the style of the Middle Ages, the new architects retained the Medieval motifs, but recombined them in entirely new ways. One of the most important examples of this style anywhere in the world were the Parliament Buildings designed by Thomas Fuller. While the style and design of the building is unquestionably Gothic, it resembles no building constructed during the Middle Ages. The forms were the same, but their arrangement was uniquely modern. The Parliament Buildings also departed from Medieval models by integrating a variety of eras and styles of Gothic architecture, including elements of Gothic architecture from Britain, France, the Low Countries, and Italy all in one building. In his \"Hand Book to the Parliamentary and Departmental Buildings, Canada\" (1867), Joseph Bureau wrote, \"The style of the Buildings is the Gothic of the 12th and 13th Centuries, with modification to suit the climate of Canada. The ornamental work and the dressing round the windows are of Ohio sandstone. The plain surface is faced with a cream-colored sandstone of the Potsdam formation, obtained from Nepean, a few miles from Ottawa. The spandrils of the arches, and the spaces between window-arches and the sills of the upper windows, are filled up with a quaint description of stonework, composed of stones of irregular size, shape and colour, very neatly set together.\" This style was also embraced for religious architecture. In most towns in Ontario, and also in many parts of the newly settled west and the Maritimes, elaborate High Gothic churches were built. Unlike in the earlier era, the French Catholic church in Quebec did not embrace this style. During this period the church leadership favoured a neo-baroque style more closely linked to the architecture of New France. The Victorian High Gothic period also saw a willingness to combine the neo-Gothic with other styles.", "Wallid Ismail Wallid Farid Ismail (born February 23, 1968) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist and promoter of Lebanese descent. Ismail holds a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) under Carlson Gracie, and is an IVC mixed martial arts world champion and BJJ Champion. In mixed martial arts, Ismail also competed for the UFC, and PRIDE, and most of wins in the sport came by way of submission. Ismail started training in Brazilian jiu-jitsu in 1980 in his home state of Amazonas in Brazil under Ary Almeida, and then, in 1984, he moved to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and started training under his master, the late Carlson Gracie, who described Ismail as a \"hairy and chubby guy,\" but had a desire to succeed, as he would be known for later in his career and stayed by the side of his master until the day Carlson died in 2006. Gracie had allowed Ismail to train with his camp even though Ismail had no money to afford the teaching. \" Wallid then started to compete in jiu-jitsu tournaments, becoming champion several times, and defeating four members of the famous Gracie family in competition. Back when they were brown belts, Wallid had a famous duel with Ralph Gracie at the Copa Rio Sport Center, with Ismail winning a referee decision. In 1993, Wallid scored another victory over a Gracie when he defeated Renzo Gracie. After his win, Ismail challenged the main members of the family, Rickson and Royce, stating that he would fight them in any style anywhere. Only Royce accepted the challenge, demanding special conditions for the fight, like having no point scoring and no time limit, thus making the fight only winnable by submission."], "answer": {"text": "He was a guest judge on Project Runway, in an episode that styled a rock band for their upcoming Rolling Stone cover.", "answer_start": 1002}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Adam's image?", "answer": {"text": "who compared him to Lady Gaga in terms of crossing style boundaries and being unabashedly individual.", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is notable about his image?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert played with male stereotypes and representations; and in the interview, emphasized that his fashion and presentation are often disparate from gay as well as straight regimes:", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What designers does he use for his style?", "answer": {"text": "His signature flamboyance and glam rock styling was a break-out moment in men's fashion, duly noted by fashion publications and taste-makers,", "answer_start": 555, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#8", "question": "WHat did he wear?", "rewrite": "WHat did Adam  wear?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sahasombhop Srisomvongse Sahasombhop Srisomvongse (; formerly: Sombhop; \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e20\u0e1e) was a former Thai boxing manager and promoter. He has a nickname \"Big Ung\" (\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e4a\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07). Sahasombhop was born on March 31, 1939 in a Thai Chinese family in Bangkok's Pathum Wan neighborhood. He graduated from Vajiravudh College and graduated with a bachelor's degree in law from Thammasat University. In 1967, he was the co-founder of Channel 7. He started a promoter from as an assistant of famous and popular promoter Tiamboon \"The Great Eagle\" Inthrarabutr (Saensak Muangsurin's promoter) by regularly organized boxing match on Channel 7 in 1970. In early the 1980s, he was the agent of the World Boxing Council (WBC) in Thailand. He was also the founder Asian Boxing Council (ABCO) and was voted the first president in 1985. He was a supporter of many Thai boxers to the WBC champion, started from Payao Poontarat (a bronze medalist in 1976 Summer Olympics) in 1983 with the fight against Rafael Orono, a title holder at Grand Jomtien Palace Hotel, Pattaya, Chonburi province. He was also a co-manager of many Thai boxers who have been champion of the world, viz Sot Chitalada, Samart Payakaroon, Napa Kiatwanchai, Muangchai Kittikasem, Saman Sorjaturong, Sirimongkol Singwangcha, Chatchai Sasakul, Wandee Singwangcha, Veeraphol Sahaprom and Medgoen Singsurat.", "His Highness the Prince\" consists of two large timbers put together and topped with a curved goat horn. Some parts of the statue retain their original color, while others are painted with blue, red, or yellow paint. There is a photograph of this work supported by the bank and the front of the house of \"Son Boter\" (now integrated into the site of the Pilar and Joan Mir\u00f3 Foundation, in Mallorca) that suggests that it could be done in the workshop that Mir\u00f3 had at the island, from the everyday elements of farm life. The found objects, featuring traditional objects from the peasant environment of Montroig or Mallorca, are transformed into sculptures. The exhibition \"L'escala de l'evasi\u00f3\" that opened in October 2011 was supported by access to Wikipedia using QRpedia codes that allowed access to visitors in Catalan, English and several other languages.", "Venus and Cupid (painting) Venus and Cupid (Sleeping Venus) is a circa 1626 painting by Artemisia Gentileschi in the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. \"Venus and Cupid\" is a depiction of a sleeping Venus, who reclines on a blue bed covering and rich crimson and gold tasseled pillow. She wears nothing except a thin wisp of transparent linen around her thigh. Her son Cupid fans her with richly colored peacock feathers as she drifts to sleep. He is gazing at her with an adored, raptured expression. In the background, there is a window looking out onto a moonlight landscape where a temple to the goddess lies. Venus\u2019s face has full cheeks, heavy lids, a prominent nose, and small protruding chin\u2014all features of Gentileschi's own face. The body movements are natural: Venus\u2019s hand rests lightly on her side, her legs are gently laid together. The work blends together realism and classicism through its iconography and the artist\u2019s style. Artemisia Gentileschi's artistic style was heavily influenced by her father Orazio Gentileschi. Artemisia worked under her father in his work shop, learning from him. Ignoring the conventions of the time, Orazio sent his daughter to study under his friend Agostino Tassi. Tassi, however, sexually assaulted Gentileschi throughout her tutelage. Although she did take him to court and Tassi was found guilty and exiled, Gentileschi's reputation was effected negatively. Her rape had a large effect on her career and artistic style. Many of her early works, such as \"Judith Slaying Holofernes\" reflect her anger towards Tassi and his actions. Some scholars have noted that her works have often been interpreted in regards to her rape and pursuing trial with Tassi.", "Wear  Wear is the damaging, gradual removal or deformation of material at solid surfaces. Causes of wear can be mechanical (e.g., erosion) or chemical (e.g., corrosion). The study of wear and related processes is referred to as tribology. Wear in machine elements, together with other processes such as fatigue and creep, causes functional surfaces to degrade, eventually leading to material failure or loss of functionality. Thus, wear has large economic relevance as first outlined in the Jost Report. Wear of metals occurs by plastic displacement of surface and near-surface material and by detachment of particles that form wear debris. The particle size may vary from millimeters to nanometers. This process may occur by contact with other metals, nonmetallic solids, flowing liquids, solid particles or liquid droplets entrained in flowing gasses. The wear rate is affected by factors such as type of loading (e.g., impact, static, dynamic), type of motion (e.g., sliding, rolling), temperature, and lubrication, in particular by the process of deposition and wearing out of the boundary lubrication layer. Depending on the tribosystem, different wear types and wear mechanisms can be observed. Wear is commonly classified according to so-called wear types, which occur in isolation or complex interaction. Common types of wear include:   Other, less common types of wear are impact-, cavitation- and diffusive wear. Each wear type is caused by one or more wear mechanisms. For example, the primary wear mechanism of adhesive wear is adhesion. Wear mechanisms and/or sub-mechanisms frequently overlap and occur in a synergistic manner, producing a greater rate of wear than the sum of the individual wear mechanisms.", "When Little decided that it was time for him to move on from \"Neighbours\", his decision coincided with Cowden's feelings of restlessness. The actress explained \"I'd been in the series for two and half years and it felt to me as if I'd got the best out of Melanie.\" Cowden continued saying that she did not want to return without Little and have to work on a storyline that would see Melanie falling in love with a new character. It did not feel right to her and she and Little thought Joe and Melanie's honeymoon would be the perfect exit for them. Cowden reprised the role in 2005 and joined several returning cast members for the show's 20th anniversary episode, which was broadcast in July. It emerges that Melanie and Joe's marriage has ended. Cowden admitted that she was sad upon hearing the development, saying \"I think Joe and Mel would have stayed together forever but as we aren't going to go back, I suppose the producers had the right to do it.\" Henry Ramsay brings Melanie home to meet his mother Madge (Anne Charleston), his sister Charlene (Kylie Minogue) and her husband Scott (Jason Donovan). Melanie's hiccuping animalistic laugh makes Henry's family feel uneasy and Madge and Charlene conspire to set her up with Mike Young (Guy Pearce) and Gino Rossini (Joey Perrone). Henry sees Gino handing Melanie his number and the relationship fizzles out but Melanie and Henry remain friends. Melanie is next seen working as a temporary secretary at The Daniels Corporation for Paul Robinson. When Henry has relationship difficulties with Bronwyn Davies (Rachel Friend), Melanie is on hand to lend a sympathetic ear during a party. Bronwyn mistakes this for something more and is annoyed."], "answer": {"text": "He was the subject for whom the young designers of \"All on the Line with Joe Zee\" created a modern look, which he then critiqued along with the show's hosts.", "answer_start": 1120}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Adam's image?", "answer": {"text": "who compared him to Lady Gaga in terms of crossing style boundaries and being unabashedly individual.", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is notable about his image?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert played with male stereotypes and representations; and in the interview, emphasized that his fashion and presentation are often disparate from gay as well as straight regimes:", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What designers does he use for his style?", "answer": {"text": "His signature flamboyance and glam rock styling was a break-out moment in men's fashion, duly noted by fashion publications and taste-makers,", "answer_start": 555, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he showcase his style anywhere?", "answer": {"text": "He was a guest judge on Project Runway, in an episode that styled a rock band for their upcoming Rolling Stone cover.", "answer_start": 1002, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#9", "question": "What was his critique?", "rewrite": "What was critique of Adam?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Further critique can then be applied after the fact, by using thorough critique as a basis for new argument. The idea of \"critique\" is elemental to legal, aesthetic, and literary theory and such practices, such as in the analysis and evaluation of writings such as pictorial, musical, or expanded textual works. In French, German, or Italian, no distinction is drawn between 'critique' and 'criticism': the two words both translate as \"critique\", \"Kritik\", and \"critica\", respectively. In the English language, according to philosopher Gianni Vattimo, \"criticism\" is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism, that is, the interpretation and evaluation of literature and art; while \"critique\" may be used to refer to more general and profound writing as Kant's \"Critique of pure reason\". Another proposed distinction is that \"critique\" is never personalized nor \"ad hominem\", but is instead the analyses of the structure of the thought in the content of the item critiqued. This analysis then offers by way of the critique method either a rebuttal or a suggestion of further expansion upon the problems presented by the topic of that specific written or oral argumentation. Even authors that believe there might be a distinction suggest that there is some ambiguity that is still unresolved. Marx's work inspired the 'Frankfurt School' of critical theory, now best exemplified in the work of J\u00fcrgen Habermas. This, in turn, helped inspire the cultural studies form of social critique, which treats cultural products and their reception as evidence of wider social ills such as racism or gender bias. Social critique has been further extended in the work of Michel Foucault and of Alasdair MacIntyre.", "Critique  Critique is a method of disciplined, systematic study of a written or oral discourse. Although critique is commonly understood as fault finding and negative judgment, it can also involve merit recognition, and in the philosophical tradition it also means a methodical practice of doubt. The contemporary sense of critique has been largely influenced by the Enlightenment critique of prejudice and authority, which championed the emancipation and autonomy from religious and political authorities. The term \"critique\" derives, via French, from Ancient Greek (), meaning \"the faculty of judgment\", that is, discerning the value of persons or things. Critique is also known as major logic, as opposed to minor logic or dialectics. Philosophy is the application of critical thought, and is the disciplined practice of processing the \"theory/praxis problem\". In philosophical contexts, such as law or academics, critique is most influenced by Kant's use of the term to mean a reflective examination of the validity and limits of a human capacity or of a set of philosophical claims. This has been extended in modern philosophy to mean a systematic inquiry into the conditions and consequences of a concept, a theory, a discipline, or an approach and/or attempt to understand the limitations and validity of that. A \"critical perspective\", in this sense, is the opposite of a dogmatic one. Kant wrote:  Later thinkers such as Hegel used the word 'critique' in a broader way than Kant's sense of the word, to mean the systematic inquiry into the limits of a doctrine or \"set\" of concepts. This referential expansion led, for instance, to the formulation of the idea of social critique, such as arose after Karl Marx's theoretical work delineated in his Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859), which was a critique of the then-current models of economic theory and thought of that time.", "Peer critique Peer critique, a specialized form of critique, is the common practice of writers reviewing and providing constructive criticism of each other's work. Most fiction writers use some form of peer critique as part of their process of writing. Peer critique has long been used as part of the process of teaching writing. In traditional classrooms power and authority can often be teacher-centric, with teachers correcting work to their own vision of ideal writing. Many researchers have found that peer critique offers a complementary style of feedback Whereas teachers' feedback often focuses on general comments and error correction, peers tend to give specific, deep comments on the work before them rather than correcting to an ideal. In his groundbreaking 1973 book \"Writing without Teachers\", Peter Elbow stated a powerful argument for peer-only writing classes, eliminating the teacher from the process entirely. Many informal writing groups still use Elbow's methods for peer critique. Peer critique has also been found to be useful to those who provide critiques, helping students to develop analytical and critical thinking abilities and become better able to judge their own writing. Peer writing groups have existed probably as long as writing has. Anne Ruggles Gere has written several useful articles and books about the history of writing groups, and how they have evolved over time from social \"clubs\" and chautauquas to the many types of groups we have today, including online peer critique sites. Anonymity adds an extra dimension to peer critique. If unstructured, anonymous reviews can result in a negative culture spiral and has led to the withdrawal of certain online critique websites. However, if structured, online reviews can provide rapid, valuable independent feedback to writers. Some critique websites use data science to remove bias from structured review data. These sites use a simple form of artificial intelligence to identify which submissions readers are finding the most appealing.", "Critique of Judgment The Critique of Judgment (), also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment, is a 1790 book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. Sometimes referred to as the \"third critique,\" the \"Critique of Judgment\" follows the \"Critique of Pure Reason\" (1781) and the \"Critique of Practical Reason\" (1788). Immanuel Kant's \"Critique of Judgment\" is the third critique in Kant's Critical project begun in the \"Critique of Pure Reason\" and the \"Critique of Practical Reason\" (the \"First\" and \"Second Critiques\", respectively). The book is divided into two main sections: the \"Critique of Aesthetic Judgment\" and the \"Critique of Teleological Judgment\", and also includes a large overview of the entirety of Kant's Critical system, arranged in its final form. The so-called \"First Introduction\" was not published during Kant's lifetime, for Kant wrote a replacement for publication. The Critical project, that of exploring the limits and conditions of knowledge, had already produced the \"Critique of Pure Reason\", in which Kant argued for a Transcendental Aesthetic, an approach to the problems of perception in which space and time are argued not to be objects. The First Critique argues that space and time provide ways in which the observing subject's mind organizes and structures the sensory world. The end result of this inquiry in the First Critique is that there are certain fundamental antinomies in human Reason, most particularly that there is a complete inability to favor on the one hand the argument that all behavior and thought is determined by external causes, and on the other that there is an actual \"spontaneous\" causal principle at work in human behavior.", "Critique of Practical Reason The Critique of Practical Reason () is the second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques, published in 1788. It follows on from Kant's \"Critique of Pure Reason\" and deals with his moral philosophy. The second \"Critique\" exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichte's \"Doctrine of Science\" and becoming, during the 20th century, the principal reference point for deontological moral philosophy. Kant sketches out here what is to follow. Most of these two chapters focus on comparing the situation of theoretical and of practical reason and therefore discusses how the \"Critique of Practical Reason\" compares to the \"Critique of Pure Reason\". The first Critique, \"of Pure Reason\", was a criticism of the pretensions of those who use pure theoretical reason, who claim to attain metaphysical truths beyond the ken of applied reasoning. The conclusion was that pure theoretical reason must be restrained, because it produces confused arguments when applied outside of its appropriate sphere. However, the \"Critique of Practical Reason\" is \"not\" a critique of \"pure\" practical reason, but rather a defense of it as being capable of grounding behavior superior to that grounded by desire-based practical reasoning. It is actually a critique, then, of the pretensions of \"applied\" practical reason. Pure practical reason must not be restrained, in fact, but cultivated. Kant informs us that while the first Critique suggested that God, freedom, and immortality are unknowable, the second Critique will mitigate this claim. Freedom is indeed knowable because it is revealed by God. God and immortality are also knowable, but practical reason now requires belief in these \"postulates of reason\"."], "answer": {"text": "they look at the way I style myself and they go, 'Errrr, that's gay', but you ask a handful of gay guys and they're like, 'I would never wear that!'\"", "answer_start": 281}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Adam's image?", "answer": {"text": "who compared him to Lady Gaga in terms of crossing style boundaries and being unabashedly individual.", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is notable about his image?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert played with male stereotypes and representations; and in the interview, emphasized that his fashion and presentation are often disparate from gay as well as straight regimes:", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What designers does he use for his style?", "answer": {"text": "His signature flamboyance and glam rock styling was a break-out moment in men's fashion, duly noted by fashion publications and taste-makers,", "answer_start": 555, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he showcase his style anywhere?", "answer": {"text": "He was a guest judge on Project Runway, in an episode that styled a rock band for their upcoming Rolling Stone cover.", "answer_start": 1002, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHat did he wear?", "answer": {"text": "He was the subject for whom the young designers of \"All on the Line with Joe Zee\" created a modern look, which he then critiqued along with the show's hosts.", "answer_start": 1120, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_207ac1056ad74f14ac26d3194ede7a5e_0_q#10", "question": "What is an interesting fact about his image?", "rewrite": "What is an interesting fact about the image of Adam ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kanashi language Kanashi is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the isolated Malana (Malani) village area in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, India. It is not mutually intelligible with any other Sino-Tibetan language. Currently there are roughly 1700 active speakers of Kanashi in the Malana Nala which is up from the previous estimate of 1400 in the early 2000s. Its current status to date is threatened. The village that uses this language is located roughly 10,000 feet above sea level isolated from civilization. It seems apparent that speakers of Kanashi favor simple sentences over complex and compound sentences due to the sporadic usage of the later two. Kanashi speakers use both subject\u2013verb\u2013object order and subject\u2013object\u2013verb order. The interesting fact about Kanashi is that being a pro normalized language it doesn't require the subject and verb to be mentioned separately, particularity in 1st and 2nd person when these are incorporated in the verb form itself. In Kanashi there seems to be a lack of grammatical gender. The natural gender that has no bearing on the other constituents within an utterance is distinguished in one of two ways. The first is to use distinct terms for groups of males and females and second is by prefixing terms with the meaning father or mother to the substantive in question. One interesting fact in Kanashi in regards to gender is that gender distinction occurs only among humans, all inanimate and animate objects of lower species tend to be genderless. Kanashi tends to use mostly nouns, pronouns and verbs. Pronominal and nominal stems are inflected for two numbers, viz. singular and plural only. If desired the dual number can be indicated as \"nis\" for two as in two men.", "Mansion in Tu\u0142owice The Palace in Tu\u0142owice in southwestern Poland dates from the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was built around 1800 for Francis of Lasocki, probably designed by Hilary Szpilowski who created many beautiful classicist palaces in the Mazovia region. The Tu\u0142owice Mansion is one of the region's most beautiful landowners' residences. It exhibits harmony of form, architectural beauty and atmosphere. Tu\u0142owice manor house was built around 1800 for Francis from Lasocki family. Over the years, often changed owners (Linowski Constantine was in his possession in the years 1822 to 1833, then became the property Orsetich, since 1857. Mountain, then Marcel Divine, Hilary Ostrowski, from 1871 to the early twentieth century was in possession Bolechowskich, in the interwar Domaszowskich). Today, along with the park is owned by private person a painter Andrzej Nov\u00e1k-Zempli\u0144ski. The owner respected the style in which the mansion was maintained and in the 80s built outbuilding also maintained a similar neoclassical spirit,also then in the park neo-Gothic chapel stood there This is a ground-floor building with a higher central part of the house. It is preceded by a four column Tuscan portico crowned with a triangular pediment. Interesting fact is that portico. Interesting fact is that the portico was placed in the garden elevation rather than the front elevation. This change of the front elevation and opening the living room for the view of the park is an expression of a new era of the Enlightenment. This palace stands in opposition to the elegant Baroque palaces and endless courtyard garden. This is a quiet, intimate and directed to the residents house where nature plays a very important role. This is a reference to the era of romanticism which laid emphasis on the role of dreams and nature.", "Historian Dion Smythe defines factoids to be assertions about the truth, as documented in primary sources of historical research. In this indirect meaning, the truthfulness of factoids comes from objectively observable existence of such assertions themselves, and not from the truthfulness of what they claim about the world. As a result of confusion over the meaning of factoid, some English-language style and usage guides recommend against its use. William Safire in his \"On Language\" column advocated the use of the word \"factlet\" instead of \"factoid\" to express a brief interesting fact as well as a \"little bit of arcana\" but did not explain how adopting this new term would alleviate the ongoing confusion over the existing contradictory common use meanings of \"factoid\". Safire suggested that \"factlet\" be used to designate a small or trivial bit of information that is nonetheless true or accurate. A report in \"The Guardian\" identified Safire as the writer who coined the term \"factlet\", although Safire's 1993 column suggested \"factlet\" was already in use at that time. \" The Atlantic\" magazine agreed with Safire, and recommended \"factlet\" instead of \"factoid\", such that \"factlet\" would signify a \"small probably unimportant but interesting fact\", and that the term be used in place of \"factoid\", which they saw as often having negative connotations. The term \"factlet\" has been used in publications such as \"Mother Jones\", the \"San Jose Mercury News\", and in the \"Reno Gazette Journal\".", "The bulrush is a perennial plant, which means it comes back each year. It flowers in June and July, and during autumn the seed head will break off and be carried by the wind. The stem part that is underground will survive the winter. This plant can grow up to six feet tall and the leaf blades are about three feet tall. The bulrush has seed heads and also has a stem. The color of this plant is both green and brown. Interesting facts: The stems are used to make boats and the pollen can be used to make flour. The dandelion, also known, as \"Taraxacum officinale\" is believed to be one of the oldest plants on the planet. The flower is yellow in color, with smooth jagged leaves. The leaves curve inward to allow water to project into the center, like a funnel. The life cycle of the dandelion starts as a seed, and then it turns into a flower. Then the flower turns into tiny seeds. They do not need pollination to reproduce. When the wind blows parachutes carry the seeds for miles. Then life cycle begins again. It can grow almost any were, it grows year-round, but prefers full sun. The blooms are sensitive to weather; if it is fine weather all the parts are open. If it is cold and rainy it will close. An interesting fact is that at about 5-oclock in the evening the flower closes as if it is going to sleep. At a-round 7 in the morning the flower opens up. Another interesting fact is that the dandelion is an edible plant it can be used in salads and on sandwiches. The bladderwort is a carnivorous plant that eats insects and bugs. This is their main purpose, to eat bugs. These plants grow in shallow marshlands, near streams and ponds throughout Alberta. They can live anywhere", "The precision and detail with which their nakedness is recorded offended many over the years. During a visit to the cathedral in 1781, Emperor Joseph II found them so disagreeable that he demanded they be removed. The couple's nakedness further offended 19th century sensibilities, when their presence in a church came to be considered unacceptable. The panels were replaced by reproductions in which the figures were dressed in skin cloth; these are still on display in the Saint Bavo Cathedral. In comparison to contemporary depictions of Adam and Eve, this version is very spare and omits the usual motifs associated with the theme; there is no serpent, tree or any trace of the garden of Eden normally found in contemporary paintings. In contrast to the other panels in the register, Adam and Eve are positioned near the edge of each panel, and neither is entirely \"within\" the border of their setting. Adam's foot appears to protrude out of the niche and frame and into real space. More subtly, Eve's arm, shoulder and hip appear to extend beyond her architectural setting. These elements give the panel a three-dimensional aspect. The trompe-l'\u0153il become more pronounced when the wings are turned slightly inwards, an especially interesting fact when it is considered that the polyptych was wider than the original chapel it was executed for and could never be opened fully. Above Adam is a grisaille depiction of Abel making a sacrifice of the first lamb of his flock and Cain presenting part of his crops as a farmer to the Lord. Above Eve is a representation of the murder of Abel by his brother Cain with an ass's jawbone. A continuous panoramic landscape unifies the five panels of the lower register. The large central panel shows the adoration of the Lamb of God (\"Agnus Dei\") arranged in a scene derived from the Gospel of John."], "answer": {"text": "Lambert is represented by London-based MiLK Management modelling agency as of July 2016.", "answer_start": 753}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of style does Adam have?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert is best known for his theatrical performance style and meticulous attention to detail in all aspects of his personal presentation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where does he find his style choices?", "answer": {"text": "He draws upon extensive stage experience in the ease with which he can refine and define his image through fashion and other imagery,", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do people think of his style?", "answer": {"text": "While a contestant on American Idol, Lambert's precise yet varied stagings of himself kept audiences and judges glued as much to his presentation as to his vocal talent.", "answer_start": 385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Adam make any appearances ?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert made three fashion related TV appearances at the close of 2010. He fused his passion for music and fashion on MTV's \"Talk@Playground", "answer_start": 799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Adam's image?", "answer": {"text": "who compared him to Lady Gaga in terms of crossing style boundaries and being unabashedly individual.", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is notable about his image?", "answer": {"text": "Lambert played with male stereotypes and representations; and in the interview, emphasized that his fashion and presentation are often disparate from gay as well as straight regimes:", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What designers does he use for his style?", "answer": {"text": "His signature flamboyance and glam rock styling was a break-out moment in men's fashion, duly noted by fashion publications and taste-makers,", "answer_start": 555, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he showcase his style anywhere?", "answer": {"text": "He was a guest judge on Project Runway, in an episode that styled a rock band for their upcoming Rolling Stone cover.", "answer_start": 1002, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHat did he wear?", "answer": {"text": "He was the subject for whom the young designers of \"All on the Line with Joe Zee\" created a modern look, which he then critiqued along with the show's hosts.", "answer_start": 1120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his critique?", "answer": {"text": "they look at the way I style myself and they go, 'Errrr, that's gay', but you ask a handful of gay guys and they're like, 'I would never wear that!'\"", "answer_start": 281, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#0", "question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "rewrite": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shameless (Billy Joel song) \"Shameless\" is a song written by American singer Billy Joel and recorded on his 1989 album \"Storm Front\". His version peaked at #40 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts. Two years later, the song was covered by country music artist Garth Brooks on his third studio album, 1991's \"Ropin' the Wind\". Brooks' rendering of the song was his seventh Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts in late 1991. It also reached #71 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1993, on stage in Boston, Billy Joel introduced the song by saying, \"I want[ed] to write a song, like a Jimi Hendrix song, you know. Back in the sixties, he was one of my idols, Jimi Hendrix.\" Billy Joel also mentioned the Hendrix inspiration at a talk in Nuremberg, in 1995. The song features harmony vocals by Trisha Yearwood. Brooks provided the following background information on the song in the booklet liner notes from his compilation, \"The Hits\": \"Shameless\" was the longest shot we took with a song. I was talked into becoming a member of a CD club... you know, the 40,000 CD's for a penny deal. With those clubs, they write you with the selection of the month. If you don't write back and cancel, then they send it to you and charge you for it. I was on the road for six months with no one to check the mail and came home to find six compact discs in my mailbox. \"Storm Front\" by Billy Joel was one of them. I hadn't listened to Billy Joel since the late seventies, probably since \"Glass Houses\". I fell in love with the album and fell back in love with Billy Joel's music.", "The Ballad of Billy the Kid  \"The Ballad of Billy the Kid\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel from the album \"Piano Man\". It was also issued as a single in the UK backed with \"If I Only Had The Words (To Tell You).\" The song is Joel's fictionalized version of the story of Billy the Kid. In an interview from 1975, Joel admitted, \"Basically [the song] was an experiment with an impressionist type of lyric. It was historically totally inaccurate as a story.\" Examples of these inaccuracies include when Joel sings that Billy the Kid was \"from a town known as Wheeling, West Virginia\" and that \"he robbed his way from Utah to Oklahoma. \" But the real Billy the Kid never robbed a bank and although his birthplace is uncertain, no account suggests that he was from West Virginia. The song also says that Billy the Kid was captured and hanged, with many people attending the hanging; in reality, he was shot and killed by Pat Garrett. In the last verse of the song, the lyrics switch from Billy the Kid to a \"Billy\" from Oyster Bay, Long Island. The writer Ken Bielen has interpreted the \"Billy\" in the final verse as being a portrait of Billy Joel himself since Joel was from Oyster Bay. However, in the liner notes to his album \"Songs in the Attic\" Joel claims that the \"Billy\" in the final verse is not himself but rather a bartender who worked in Oyster Bay, by the name of Billy Nastri. In an interview once Billy Joel mentioned that this song was about \"record company PR hype\".", "Billy Joel Band The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass. The band, which now no longer includes any of its original members, is often not recognized as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as Billy Joel's band. Joel's first touring band, formed in 1971 to support the \"Cold Spring Harbor\" album, comprised Rhys Clark on drums, Al Hertzberg on guitar, and Larry Russell on bass. The group toured throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico. The touring lineup changed and it took a few years for the lineup to stabilize. In an online interview, DeVitto describes how Joel's classic late 1970s-early 1980s band first came together: Billy and I used to play the same club in Plainview, Long Island, called My House. He was 17 and in a band called The Hassles and I was 16 and in a band called The New Rock Workshop. We would watch each other play and acknowledge each other in passing. In 1974, he was living in Los Angeles and had already released \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". He used studio musicians for the recording and different guys out on the road. I was playing in a band called Topper with Doug Stegmeyer and he got the gig to play bass with Billy on the \u201cStreetlife\u201d tour.", "Mike DelGuidice Michael DelGuidice is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter, best known as rhythm guitarist and vocalist of Billy Joel's band, and as the lead vocalist and pianist for the Long Island band Big Shot. He had played 15 years as a Billy Joel cover artist and later joined Joel's band at Joel's invitation in 2013. During DelGuidice's childhood, his mother listened to Barbra Streisand music, and his father listened to Billy Joel and Chicago. He was 13 years old when he first started playing Joel's music. He grew up on the North Shore, where he spent a lot of time watching Joel's \"Live from Long Island\" concert video and hanging out in the music room at Miller Place High School where he practiced the songs of Joel, Elton John and Paul McCartney. DelGuidice required seven surgeries to address a congenital kidney condition when he was a child. DelGuidice started his music career performing in Long Island piano bars and saloons. He started singing songs of Billy Joel in Miller Place High School\u2019s vocal jazz band in the late 1980s. He struggled for many years to pay the bills pushing and performing his original music and finally releasing 2 music albums, \"Miller Place\" and \"My Street\". In 2000, DelGuidice started the band Big Shot, which is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel. Big Shot played their first gig at the Village Pub in Port Jefferson in the same year. With DelGuidice on lead vocals and piano, it drew big crowds from the start. By 2011, some of Big Shot\u2019s members were burnt out from playing over 100 gigs a year. DelGuidice\u2019s solution was to call Joel\u2019s long-time lead guitarist, Tommy Byrnes.", "Euforia \u2013 Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel  Euforia - Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel (Helen Sj\u00f6holm sings Billy Joel) is an album by Swedish singer and actor Helen Sj\u00f6holm, released in November 2010. The album features 11 compositions by American musician and pianist, singer-songwriter, and classical composer Billy Joel, performed by Helen Sj\u00f6holm. All songs are performed in Swedish, with lyrics written by Tomas Andersson Wij. \"\"Euforia\"\" is only the 2nd solo album by Swedish singer and musical star Helen Sj\u00f6holm. Sj\u00f6holm is famous for playing the role of \"Kristina\" in Benny Andersson's and Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus's (both of ABBA fame) musical Kristina fr\u00e5n Duvem\u00e5la and being part of Andersson's current group Benny Anderssons Orkester. Apart from various other contributions through the years (see Helen Sj\u00f6holm discography), she also released a solo album Visor in 2002. It took her almost ten years to record another album of her own, which was eventually called \"\"Euforia\"\" and released in late 2010. Recording and mixing for the album, which was produced by Gunnar Nord\u00e9n, took place in Atlantis Studio and Supro Studio, Stockholm, throughout 2010. \"\"Euforia\"\" is a concept album. All songs are compositions by Billy Joel, to which Tomas Andersson Wij wrote Swedish lyrics. Apparently, Sj\u00f6holm came across the Billy Joel song She's Always A Woman sometime in early 2010, while thinking about a new album. Being a favourite of hers, she started listening to more Billy Joel songs and discovered one song after another that she liked."], "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#1", "question": "what was the album?", "rewrite": "what was the album that Billy Joel recorded in 1974?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Longest Time \"The Longest Time\" is a doo-wop single by Billy Joel. The song was released as a single in 1984 as the fourth single from the 1983 album \"An Innocent Man\". Following the theme of the album in paying tribute to Joel's musical influences, the song is presented in the style of Frankie Lymon and the Teenagers. It reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 1 on \"Billboard\"s Adult Contemporary chart. In the United Kingdom the song reached number 25 on the UK Singles Chart. The song features Joel on lead vocals and all backing vocals. Two musical instruments are present in the song: a bass guitar and a snare drum being played with brushes. When the song is covered by vocal groups, the bass part is typically sung. All other sounds in the song are Joel's vocals, along with percussive sounds such as finger snaps and hand claps. Phil Ramone and Joel had intended to feature a vocal group but Joel recorded each of the parts himself. The music video starts with a man (played by Joel) in a gym after his 25th high school reunion party. Looking around at posters of several class awards, he breaks into song as his band, apparently portrayed as his high school friends, enters the gym. As they sing, they alternate between their high school and current selves. The video was entirely filmed at Pratt Institute in Brooklyn. It was director by Jay Dubin (https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7118302/#targetText=Billy%20Joel%3A%20The%20Longest%20Time%20(Video%201984)%20%2D%20IMDb) In the second-season episode of \"The Office\", \"Michael's Birthday\"", "Euforia \u2013 Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel  Euforia - Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel (Helen Sj\u00f6holm sings Billy Joel) is an album by Swedish singer and actor Helen Sj\u00f6holm, released in November 2010. The album features 11 compositions by American musician and pianist, singer-songwriter, and classical composer Billy Joel, performed by Helen Sj\u00f6holm. All songs are performed in Swedish, with lyrics written by Tomas Andersson Wij. \"\"Euforia\"\" is only the 2nd solo album by Swedish singer and musical star Helen Sj\u00f6holm. Sj\u00f6holm is famous for playing the role of \"Kristina\" in Benny Andersson's and Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus's (both of ABBA fame) musical Kristina fr\u00e5n Duvem\u00e5la and being part of Andersson's current group Benny Anderssons Orkester. Apart from various other contributions through the years (see Helen Sj\u00f6holm discography), she also released a solo album Visor in 2002. It took her almost ten years to record another album of her own, which was eventually called \"\"Euforia\"\" and released in late 2010. Recording and mixing for the album, which was produced by Gunnar Nord\u00e9n, took place in Atlantis Studio and Supro Studio, Stockholm, throughout 2010. \"\"Euforia\"\" is a concept album. All songs are compositions by Billy Joel, to which Tomas Andersson Wij wrote Swedish lyrics. Apparently, Sj\u00f6holm came across the Billy Joel song She's Always A Woman sometime in early 2010, while thinking about a new album. Being a favourite of hers, she started listening to more Billy Joel songs and discovered one song after another that she liked.", "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade. His manager at the time was Jon Troy, an old friend from the New York neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant; Troy would soon be replaced by Joel's wife Elizabeth. Streetlife Serenade contains references to suburbia and the inner city. It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US. Upset that \"Piano Man\" had been significantly cut for radio play, Joel wrote \"The Entertainer\" as a sarcastic response: \"If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit, so they cut it down to 3:05.\" Although Streetlife Serenade is often considered one of Joel's weaker albums (Joel dislikes it himself), it contains the notable songs \"Los Angelenos\" and \"Root Beer Rag\", an instrumental that was a staple of his live set in the 1970s. In late 1975, Joel played piano and organ on several tracks on Bo Diddley's The 20th Anniversary of Rock 'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band. Produced by James William Guercio (then Chicago's producer), Turnstiles was first recorded at Caribou Ranch with members of Elton John's band. Dissatisfied with the result, Joel re-recorded the songs and produced the album himself. \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover as did Nigel Olsson, then drummer with Elton John.", "Billy Joel Band The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass. The band, which now no longer includes any of its original members, is often not recognized as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as Billy Joel's band. Joel's first touring band, formed in 1971 to support the \"Cold Spring Harbor\" album, comprised Rhys Clark on drums, Al Hertzberg on guitar, and Larry Russell on bass. The group toured throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico. The touring lineup changed and it took a few years for the lineup to stabilize. In an online interview, DeVitto describes how Joel's classic late 1970s-early 1980s band first came together: Billy and I used to play the same club in Plainview, Long Island, called My House. He was 17 and in a band called The Hassles and I was 16 and in a band called The New Rock Workshop. We would watch each other play and acknowledge each other in passing. In 1974, he was living in Los Angeles and had already released \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". He used studio musicians for the recording and different guys out on the road. I was playing in a band called Topper with Doug Stegmeyer and he got the gig to play bass with Billy on the \u201cStreetlife\u201d tour.", "Shameless (Billy Joel song) \"Shameless\" is a song written by American singer Billy Joel and recorded on his 1989 album \"Storm Front\". His version peaked at #40 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts. Two years later, the song was covered by country music artist Garth Brooks on his third studio album, 1991's \"Ropin' the Wind\". Brooks' rendering of the song was his seventh Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts in late 1991. It also reached #71 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1993, on stage in Boston, Billy Joel introduced the song by saying, \"I want[ed] to write a song, like a Jimi Hendrix song, you know. Back in the sixties, he was one of my idols, Jimi Hendrix.\" Billy Joel also mentioned the Hendrix inspiration at a talk in Nuremberg, in 1995. The song features harmony vocals by Trisha Yearwood. Brooks provided the following background information on the song in the booklet liner notes from his compilation, \"The Hits\": \"Shameless\" was the longest shot we took with a song. I was talked into becoming a member of a CD club... you know, the 40,000 CD's for a penny deal. With those clubs, they write you with the selection of the month. If you don't write back and cancel, then they send it to you and charge you for it. I was on the road for six months with no one to check the mail and came home to find six compact discs in my mailbox. \"Storm Front\" by Billy Joel was one of them. I hadn't listened to Billy Joel since the late seventies, probably since \"Glass Houses\". I fell in love with the album and fell back in love with Billy Joel's music."], "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#2", "question": "was it successful?", "rewrite": "was Streetlife Serenade by Billy Joel successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Los Angelenos  \"Los Angelenos\" is a song written by Billy Joel that was first released on his 1974 album \"Streetlife Serenade\". A live version was released on the 1981 album \"Songs in the Attic\". At the time he wrote \"Los Angelenos\" the Long Island-raised Joel was living in Los Angeles, California. The lyrics describe Joel's impressions there. Authors Don and Jeff Breithaupt suggest that the song reflects the \"Left Coast displacement\" he was feeling at the time. Joel biographer Hank Bordowitz similarly describes \"Los Angelenos\" as showing \"that Billy was beginning to feel a bit homesick.\" The lyrics to \"Los Angelenos\" celebrate the diversity of Los Angeles. They observe that the inhabitants of Los Angeles mostly have come from elsewhere, many far from California. They are searching for something that caused them to come to Los Angeles, but many get seduced by the nice weather and the availability of sex and drugs, and so remain even if they cannot find what they originally came for. Joel notes that these people are \"goin' nowhere.\" Author Ken Bielen describes the song as having a \"funky rock beat.\" Joel biographer Fred Schruers describes it as having \"hip-swinging rhythms.\" Music critic Mark Bego states that the song \"rocks out\" more intensely than any of Joel's work since he was with The Hassles in the 1960s. Bielen describes the melody as being similar to that of Bruce Springsteen's \"Fire,\" which was written shortly after \"Los Angelenos. \" Joel's electric piano is prominent in the mix. Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine describes the \"stomping 'Los Anegelenos'\" as one of the \"few winners\" from the \"Streetlife Serenade\" album.", "Doug Stegmeyer Douglas Alan Stegmeyer (December 23, 1951 \u2013 August 25, 1995) was an American musician who was best known as the bassist and back-up vocalist for Billy Joel. Stegmeyer also performed as bassist for Debbie Gibson and Hall & Oates. Stegmeyer was born on December 23, 1951, in Flushing, Queens, New York City, New York. In high school, he met Russell Javors, who at age 15 was performing songs with childhood friend Liberty DeVitto. Along with Howard Emerson, the boys formed the band Topper, which performed songs by Javors and attracted Billy Joel's attention. Joel hired Stegmeyer to play bass in his backing band on the \"Streetlife Serenade\" tour. At Stegmeyer's recommendation a year and a half later, Emerson, Javors, and DeVitto joined Joel in the studio for his \"Turnstiles\" album and for the accompanying tour. Stegmeyer became a core member of Billy Joel's band, playing bass on Joel's studio albums from \"Turnstiles\" through \"The Bridge\" and on the live albums \"Songs in the Attic\" and \"\u041a\u041e\u041d\u0426\u0415\u0420\u0422\". Stegmeyer was dubbed \"The Sergeant Of The Billy Joel Band.\" Stegmeyer (and Javors) left the band in 1989; according to DeVitto, he was forced out. Stegmeyer subsequently maintained a busy schedule recording and producing. On August 25, 1995, Stegmeyer died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in his Smithtown, New York, home. In an interview with 30DaysOut, DeVitto said, \"I can understand why Doug ended his life. It\u2019s hard to see someone else playing your parts, especially when it wasn\u2019t your decision to leave the band.", "Streetlife Serenade Streetlife Serenade is the third studio album by American recording artist Billy Joel, released on October 11, 1974 by Columbia Records. The follow-up to his previous album \"Piano Man\" (1973) , it was his last release until 1993's \"River of Dreams\" to be mostly recorded with session musicians, while Joel himself sang and played piano and other keyboards, although some of his backing musicians, guitarists Don Evans and Al Hertzberg, and banjo/pedal steel guitarist Tom Whitehorse played on the album. Joel also featured synthesizers for the first time, namely the Moog synthesizer. The album peaked at No. 35 on the charts, eventually selling over 1 million copies. However, it did not enjoy the relative success of its predecessor, and marked the beginning of Joel's frosty relationship with critics and the music industry in general. It contains two songs that were featured in many of Joel's live shows during the 1970s: the instrumental \"Root Beer Rag\" and the short song \"Souvenir\", which Joel often played as the final encore during that time period. Live versions of \"Streetlife Serenader\" and \"Los Angelenos\" appeared on Joel's first live album, \"Songs in the Attic\" (1981). Joel says that he had been touring in clubs and theatres and opening for big acts such as The Beach Boys, thus leaving him little time to write new songs, but was under pressure to put out a new album after \"Piano Man\". He also says that he did not have many new songs, hence the inclusion of two instrumentals \u2013 \"The Mexican Connection\" and \"Root Beer Rag\". The back cover features a barefooted Joel sitting in a chair looking cross; Joel himself says that he had had his wisdom teeth extracted two days prior to the shoot.", "Billy Joel Band The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass. The band, which now no longer includes any of its original members, is often not recognized as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as Billy Joel's band. Joel's first touring band, formed in 1971 to support the \"Cold Spring Harbor\" album, comprised Rhys Clark on drums, Al Hertzberg on guitar, and Larry Russell on bass. The group toured throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico. The touring lineup changed and it took a few years for the lineup to stabilize. In an online interview, DeVitto describes how Joel's classic late 1970s-early 1980s band first came together: Billy and I used to play the same club in Plainview, Long Island, called My House. He was 17 and in a band called The Hassles and I was 16 and in a band called The New Rock Workshop. We would watch each other play and acknowledge each other in passing. In 1974, he was living in Los Angeles and had already released \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". He used studio musicians for the recording and different guys out on the road. I was playing in a band called Topper with Doug Stegmeyer and he got the gig to play bass with Billy on the \u201cStreetlife\u201d tour.", "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade. His manager at the time was Jon Troy, an old friend from the New York neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant; Troy would soon be replaced by Joel's wife Elizabeth. Streetlife Serenade contains references to suburbia and the inner city. It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US. Upset that \"Piano Man\" had been significantly cut for radio play, Joel wrote \"The Entertainer\" as a sarcastic response: \"If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit, so they cut it down to 3:05.\" Although Streetlife Serenade is often considered one of Joel's weaker albums (Joel dislikes it himself), it contains the notable songs \"Los Angelenos\" and \"Root Beer Rag\", an instrumental that was a staple of his live set in the 1970s. In late 1975, Joel played piano and organ on several tracks on Bo Diddley's The 20th Anniversary of Rock 'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band. Produced by James William Guercio (then Chicago's producer), Turnstiles was first recorded at Caribou Ranch with members of Elton John's band. Dissatisfied with the result, Joel re-recorded the songs and produced the album himself. \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover as did Nigel Olsson, then drummer with Elton John."], "answer": {"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US.", "answer_start": 318}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#3", "question": "what was the turnstiles?", "rewrite": "what was the turnstiles by Billy Joel?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["[Billy] told Doug that he wanted to move back to New York and find a permanent band he could record and tour with on a regular basis. Doug recommended me because Billy was looking for a New York-type drummer, aggressive and hard hitting, and the rest is history. The three of us recorded the basic tracks for \"Turnstiles\" and we both recommended Russell Javors and Howie Emerson, who played guitars in Topper and with the addition of Richie Cannata on saxophone, the \u201cBilly Joel Band\u201d was born. By the late 1970s, the touring and studio lineup of Joel's band stabilized and consisted, mostly, of the following musicians: This was the basic lineup for some of Joel's classic albums of the 1970s and 1980s including \"Turnstiles\", \"The Stranger\", \"52nd Street\", \"Glass Houses,\" and \"Songs in the Attic\". In 2014, Cannata, DeVitto, and Javors reunited and performed a short set of Joel's songs at the ceremony during which they were inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame, (with Stegmeyer, posthumously), primarily for their work with Joel. They officially formed a band, The Lords of 52nd Street, which plays faithful renditions of the original Joel recordings. David Clark of the Joel tribute band Songs in the Attic plays piano and provides lead vocals, Malcolm Gold plays bass, Ken Cino plays guitar, and Doug Kistner plays keyboards in the group. From \"The Stranger\" in 1977 through \"The Bridge\" in 1986, Joel had been working with the same producer, Phil Ramone, as well as with the same basic incarnation of the Billy Joel Band (with minor line-up changes over the years).", "New York State of Mind \"New York State of Mind\" is a song written by Billy Joel which initially appeared on the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. Although it was never released as a single, it has become a fan favorite and a song that Joel plays regularly in concert. Joel famously played the song at The Concert for New York City, the October 2001 benefit concert for the New York City Fire and Police Departments and the loved ones of families of first responders lost during the terrorist attack on New York City on 9/11. He reprised that theme, playing it during his set at at Madison Square Garden in New York City on December 12, 2012, where he changed lyrics to include the likes of \"Breezy Point\". Joel wrote the song after returning to the East Coast from Los Angeles, where he had spent the previous three years. In fact, most of \"Turnstiles\" deals with Joel's cross-country relocation, including \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\", \"I've Loved These Days\", \"Summer, Highland Falls\", and \"Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway).\" The inspiration for the song came from his pride in returning home to New York. Joel was literally \"takin' a Greyhound [bus] on the Hudson River Line [route]\" when the idea for the song came to him, and the song was written as soon as Joel arrived home. There are three studio versions of the song. The original version featured Richie Cannata on saxophone and appeared on the original \"Turnstiles\" album. Contrary to some sources, the sax solo on \"New York State of Mind\" was never re-recorded by Phil Woods for the release of Greatest Hits. The only time that Phil Woods performed on a Billy Joel recording was the song \"Just the Way You Are\" in 1977.", "Doug Stegmeyer Douglas Alan Stegmeyer (December 23, 1951 \u2013 August 25, 1995) was an American musician who was best known as the bassist and back-up vocalist for Billy Joel. Stegmeyer also performed as bassist for Debbie Gibson and Hall & Oates. Stegmeyer was born on December 23, 1951, in Flushing, Queens, New York City, New York. In high school, he met Russell Javors, who at age 15 was performing songs with childhood friend Liberty DeVitto. Along with Howard Emerson, the boys formed the band Topper, which performed songs by Javors and attracted Billy Joel's attention. Joel hired Stegmeyer to play bass in his backing band on the \"Streetlife Serenade\" tour. At Stegmeyer's recommendation a year and a half later, Emerson, Javors, and DeVitto joined Joel in the studio for his \"Turnstiles\" album and for the accompanying tour. Stegmeyer became a core member of Billy Joel's band, playing bass on Joel's studio albums from \"Turnstiles\" through \"The Bridge\" and on the live albums \"Songs in the Attic\" and \"\u041a\u041e\u041d\u0426\u0415\u0420\u0422\". Stegmeyer was dubbed \"The Sergeant Of The Billy Joel Band.\" Stegmeyer (and Javors) left the band in 1989; according to DeVitto, he was forced out. Stegmeyer subsequently maintained a busy schedule recording and producing. On August 25, 1995, Stegmeyer died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in his Smithtown, New York, home. In an interview with 30DaysOut, DeVitto said, \"I can understand why Doug ended his life. It\u2019s hard to see someone else playing your parts, especially when it wasn\u2019t your decision to leave the band.", "Miami 2017 ( Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway) \"Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)\" is a song written and originally recorded by Billy Joel which appeared as the final song on his album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. Several live performances of the song have been released. He performed this song at benefit concerts: The Concert for New York City for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001, on the television program \"\" for Hurricane Sandy victims in 2012 and during his set at \"\". Joel has often tweaked the lyrics to the song at his live concerts, particularly at the \"Live at Shea\" and \"Coming Together\" concerts. On New Year's Eve, 2016, Joel performed at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, a city just north of Miami Dade County. At midnight, he crooned the traditional Auld Lang Syne and then immediately went into \"Miami 2017\". On the January 9, 2017 episode of \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\", Billy Joel performed the song with Stay Human, the show's house band. The release of \"Turnstiles\" followed Billy Joel's return to his hometown of New York from a brief foray in Los Angeles which resulted in the albums \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". Several of the songs are linked to this transition, including \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" and \"New York State of Mind.\" Joel has described it as a \"science fiction song\" about an apocalypse occurring in New York as a result of discussions that the city was failing in the 1970s.", "Billy Joel Band The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass. The band, which now no longer includes any of its original members, is often not recognized as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as Billy Joel's band. Joel's first touring band, formed in 1971 to support the \"Cold Spring Harbor\" album, comprised Rhys Clark on drums, Al Hertzberg on guitar, and Larry Russell on bass. The group toured throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico. The touring lineup changed and it took a few years for the lineup to stabilize. In an online interview, DeVitto describes how Joel's classic late 1970s-early 1980s band first came together: Billy and I used to play the same club in Plainview, Long Island, called My House. He was 17 and in a band called The Hassles and I was 16 and in a band called The New Rock Workshop. We would watch each other play and acknowledge each other in passing. In 1974, he was living in Los Angeles and had already released \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". He used studio musicians for the recording and different guys out on the road. I was playing in a band called Topper with Doug Stegmeyer and he got the gig to play bass with Billy on the \u201cStreetlife\u201d tour."], "answer": {"text": "the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band.", "answer_start": 1053}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US.", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#4", "question": "was it successful?", "rewrite": "was the Billy Joel Band Turnstiles successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Doug Stegmeyer Douglas Alan Stegmeyer (December 23, 1951 \u2013 August 25, 1995) was an American musician who was best known as the bassist and back-up vocalist for Billy Joel. Stegmeyer also performed as bassist for Debbie Gibson and Hall & Oates. Stegmeyer was born on December 23, 1951, in Flushing, Queens, New York City, New York. In high school, he met Russell Javors, who at age 15 was performing songs with childhood friend Liberty DeVitto. Along with Howard Emerson, the boys formed the band Topper, which performed songs by Javors and attracted Billy Joel's attention. Joel hired Stegmeyer to play bass in his backing band on the \"Streetlife Serenade\" tour. At Stegmeyer's recommendation a year and a half later, Emerson, Javors, and DeVitto joined Joel in the studio for his \"Turnstiles\" album and for the accompanying tour. Stegmeyer became a core member of Billy Joel's band, playing bass on Joel's studio albums from \"Turnstiles\" through \"The Bridge\" and on the live albums \"Songs in the Attic\" and \"\u041a\u041e\u041d\u0426\u0415\u0420\u0422\". Stegmeyer was dubbed \"The Sergeant Of The Billy Joel Band.\" Stegmeyer (and Javors) left the band in 1989; according to DeVitto, he was forced out. Stegmeyer subsequently maintained a busy schedule recording and producing. On August 25, 1995, Stegmeyer died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in his Smithtown, New York, home. In an interview with 30DaysOut, DeVitto said, \"I can understand why Doug ended his life. It\u2019s hard to see someone else playing your parts, especially when it wasn\u2019t your decision to leave the band.", "[Billy] told Doug that he wanted to move back to New York and find a permanent band he could record and tour with on a regular basis. Doug recommended me because Billy was looking for a New York-type drummer, aggressive and hard hitting, and the rest is history. The three of us recorded the basic tracks for \"Turnstiles\" and we both recommended Russell Javors and Howie Emerson, who played guitars in Topper and with the addition of Richie Cannata on saxophone, the \u201cBilly Joel Band\u201d was born. By the late 1970s, the touring and studio lineup of Joel's band stabilized and consisted, mostly, of the following musicians: This was the basic lineup for some of Joel's classic albums of the 1970s and 1980s including \"Turnstiles\", \"The Stranger\", \"52nd Street\", \"Glass Houses,\" and \"Songs in the Attic\". In 2014, Cannata, DeVitto, and Javors reunited and performed a short set of Joel's songs at the ceremony during which they were inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame, (with Stegmeyer, posthumously), primarily for their work with Joel. They officially formed a band, The Lords of 52nd Street, which plays faithful renditions of the original Joel recordings. David Clark of the Joel tribute band Songs in the Attic plays piano and provides lead vocals, Malcolm Gold plays bass, Ken Cino plays guitar, and Doug Kistner plays keyboards in the group. From \"The Stranger\" in 1977 through \"The Bridge\" in 1986, Joel had been working with the same producer, Phil Ramone, as well as with the same basic incarnation of the Billy Joel Band (with minor line-up changes over the years).", "The Lords of 52nd Street The Lords of 52nd Street is a rock band that primarily comprises members of the line-up which backed singer-songwriter Billy Joel from 1976 to 1981, the period during which Joel initiated a run of albums that reached the top ten on the \"Billboard\" charts. The band is led by three former members of the Billy Joel Band: multi-instrumentalist Richie Cannata, drummer/percussionist Liberty DeVitto, and guitarist Russell Javors. David Clark of the Joel tribute band \"Songs in the Attic\" mans the piano and provides lead vocals, Malcolm Gold plays bass in place of the late Doug Stegmeyer, Ken Cino plays guitar and Doug Kistner plays keyboards in the group. Cannata, DeVitto, Javors, and the late bassist Doug Stegmeyer composed the core Joel recording and touring band from 1976 (when the \"Turnstiles\" album was recorded) until 1981 (after the end of the \"Glass Houses\" tour), save for Javors' absence from the recording of \"The Stranger\" in 1977. (Cannata stayed until 1981, returning for the \"River of Dreams\" recording sessions in 1993. Javors and Stegmeyer remained until 1988 and DeVitto stayed until 2006.) Four of the five Joel albums released during the foursome's 1976-1981 tenure reached the top ten on the \"Billboard\" charts: \"The Stranger\", \"52nd Street\", \"Glass Houses\", and the live \"Songs in the Attic\". All four albums were produced by Phil Ramone and all four were critically acclaimed. The late Ramone wrote that the \"Lords\" nickname developed during the recording of \"52nd Street\" in 1978.", "Doug recommended me because Billy was looking for a New York-type drummer, aggressive and hard hitting, and the rest is history. The three of us recorded the basic tracks for \"Turnstiles\" and we both recommended Russell Javors and Howie Emerson, who played guitars in Topper and with the addition of Richie Cannata on saxophone, the \"Billy Joel Band\" was born. In addition to his work with Joel, DeVitto has also been an active session musician working with other big acts such as Carly Simon, Phoebe Snow, Karen Carpenter, Stevie Nicks, Rick Wakeman, Bob James and Meat Loaf. After working with Joel for 30 years, DeVitto was discharged from drumming duties for the 2006 Billy Joel tour for an unknown reason. Up to that point, he had the longest running tenure in Joel's band, starting with the recording of 1976's \"Turnstiles\". As of 2018, DeVitto uses Liberty drums, pedals & hardware, Sabian cymbals, Evans drumheads, Latin Percussion and Pro-Mark drumsticks. Devitto appeared on the November/December 2013 cover of \"Making Music\" magazine to discuss his life and career. Around that time he began collaborations with Brooklyn singer-songwriter, Michael Sackler-Berner, which led to the founding of band The Slim Kings alongside bassist Andy Attanasio. The Slim Kings released two albums and multiple singles, landing music featured on shows like \"Bloodline\" on Netflix, \"Chicago PD\" and \"Chicago Fire\" on NBC, \"Nurse Jackie\" on Showtime and many others. The band toured with ZZ Top, Los Lonely Boys and continues to play in the tri-state region regularly. They recently worked with Grammy-winning producers Steve Jordan and Joel Hamilton.", "Billy Joel Band The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass. The band, which now no longer includes any of its original members, is often not recognized as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as Billy Joel's band. Joel's first touring band, formed in 1971 to support the \"Cold Spring Harbor\" album, comprised Rhys Clark on drums, Al Hertzberg on guitar, and Larry Russell on bass. The group toured throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico. The touring lineup changed and it took a few years for the lineup to stabilize. In an online interview, DeVitto describes how Joel's classic late 1970s-early 1980s band first came together: Billy and I used to play the same club in Plainview, Long Island, called My House. He was 17 and in a band called The Hassles and I was 16 and in a band called The New Rock Workshop. We would watch each other play and acknowledge each other in passing. In 1974, he was living in Los Angeles and had already released \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". He used studio musicians for the recording and different guys out on the road. I was playing in a band called Topper with Doug Stegmeyer and he got the gig to play bass with Billy on the \u201cStreetlife\u201d tour."], "answer": {"text": "\"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover", "answer_start": 1385}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US.", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the turnstiles?", "answer": {"text": "the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#5", "question": "did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "did Billy Joel win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike DelGuidice Michael DelGuidice is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter, best known as rhythm guitarist and vocalist of Billy Joel's band, and as the lead vocalist and pianist for the Long Island band Big Shot. He had played 15 years as a Billy Joel cover artist and later joined Joel's band at Joel's invitation in 2013. During DelGuidice's childhood, his mother listened to Barbra Streisand music, and his father listened to Billy Joel and Chicago. He was 13 years old when he first started playing Joel's music. He grew up on the North Shore, where he spent a lot of time watching Joel's \"Live from Long Island\" concert video and hanging out in the music room at Miller Place High School where he practiced the songs of Joel, Elton John and Paul McCartney. DelGuidice required seven surgeries to address a congenital kidney condition when he was a child. DelGuidice started his music career performing in Long Island piano bars and saloons. He started singing songs of Billy Joel in Miller Place High School\u2019s vocal jazz band in the late 1980s. He struggled for many years to pay the bills pushing and performing his original music and finally releasing 2 music albums, \"Miller Place\" and \"My Street\". In 2000, DelGuidice started the band Big Shot, which is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel. Big Shot played their first gig at the Village Pub in Port Jefferson in the same year. With DelGuidice on lead vocals and piano, it drew big crowds from the start. By 2011, some of Big Shot\u2019s members were burnt out from playing over 100 gigs a year. DelGuidice\u2019s solution was to call Joel\u2019s long-time lead guitarist, Tommy Byrnes.", "Shameless (Billy Joel song) \"Shameless\" is a song written by American singer Billy Joel and recorded on his 1989 album \"Storm Front\". His version peaked at #40 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts. Two years later, the song was covered by country music artist Garth Brooks on his third studio album, 1991's \"Ropin' the Wind\". Brooks' rendering of the song was his seventh Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts in late 1991. It also reached #71 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1993, on stage in Boston, Billy Joel introduced the song by saying, \"I want[ed] to write a song, like a Jimi Hendrix song, you know. Back in the sixties, he was one of my idols, Jimi Hendrix.\" Billy Joel also mentioned the Hendrix inspiration at a talk in Nuremberg, in 1995. The song features harmony vocals by Trisha Yearwood. Brooks provided the following background information on the song in the booklet liner notes from his compilation, \"The Hits\": \"Shameless\" was the longest shot we took with a song. I was talked into becoming a member of a CD club... you know, the 40,000 CD's for a penny deal. With those clubs, they write you with the selection of the month. If you don't write back and cancel, then they send it to you and charge you for it. I was on the road for six months with no one to check the mail and came home to find six compact discs in my mailbox. \"Storm Front\" by Billy Joel was one of them. I hadn't listened to Billy Joel since the late seventies, probably since \"Glass Houses\". I fell in love with the album and fell back in love with Billy Joel's music.", "Euforia \u2013 Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel  Euforia - Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel (Helen Sj\u00f6holm sings Billy Joel) is an album by Swedish singer and actor Helen Sj\u00f6holm, released in November 2010. The album features 11 compositions by American musician and pianist, singer-songwriter, and classical composer Billy Joel, performed by Helen Sj\u00f6holm. All songs are performed in Swedish, with lyrics written by Tomas Andersson Wij. \"\"Euforia\"\" is only the 2nd solo album by Swedish singer and musical star Helen Sj\u00f6holm. Sj\u00f6holm is famous for playing the role of \"Kristina\" in Benny Andersson's and Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus's (both of ABBA fame) musical Kristina fr\u00e5n Duvem\u00e5la and being part of Andersson's current group Benny Anderssons Orkester. Apart from various other contributions through the years (see Helen Sj\u00f6holm discography), she also released a solo album Visor in 2002. It took her almost ten years to record another album of her own, which was eventually called \"\"Euforia\"\" and released in late 2010. Recording and mixing for the album, which was produced by Gunnar Nord\u00e9n, took place in Atlantis Studio and Supro Studio, Stockholm, throughout 2010. \"\"Euforia\"\" is a concept album. All songs are compositions by Billy Joel, to which Tomas Andersson Wij wrote Swedish lyrics. Apparently, Sj\u00f6holm came across the Billy Joel song She's Always A Woman sometime in early 2010, while thinking about a new album. Being a favourite of hers, she started listening to more Billy Joel songs and discovered one song after another that she liked.", "The Ballad of Billy the Kid  \"The Ballad of Billy the Kid\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel from the album \"Piano Man\". It was also issued as a single in the UK backed with \"If I Only Had The Words (To Tell You).\" The song is Joel's fictionalized version of the story of Billy the Kid. In an interview from 1975, Joel admitted, \"Basically [the song] was an experiment with an impressionist type of lyric. It was historically totally inaccurate as a story.\" Examples of these inaccuracies include when Joel sings that Billy the Kid was \"from a town known as Wheeling, West Virginia\" and that \"he robbed his way from Utah to Oklahoma. \" But the real Billy the Kid never robbed a bank and although his birthplace is uncertain, no account suggests that he was from West Virginia. The song also says that Billy the Kid was captured and hanged, with many people attending the hanging; in reality, he was shot and killed by Pat Garrett. In the last verse of the song, the lyrics switch from Billy the Kid to a \"Billy\" from Oyster Bay, Long Island. The writer Ken Bielen has interpreted the \"Billy\" in the final verse as being a portrait of Billy Joel himself since Joel was from Oyster Bay. However, in the liner notes to his album \"Songs in the Attic\" Joel claims that the \"Billy\" in the final verse is not himself but rather a bartender who worked in Oyster Bay, by the name of Billy Nastri. In an interview once Billy Joel mentioned that this song was about \"record company PR hype\".", "Billy Joel Band The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass. The band, which now no longer includes any of its original members, is often not recognized as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as Billy Joel's band. Joel's first touring band, formed in 1971 to support the \"Cold Spring Harbor\" album, comprised Rhys Clark on drums, Al Hertzberg on guitar, and Larry Russell on bass. The group toured throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico. The touring lineup changed and it took a few years for the lineup to stabilize. In an online interview, DeVitto describes how Joel's classic late 1970s-early 1980s band first came together: Billy and I used to play the same club in Plainview, Long Island, called My House. He was 17 and in a band called The Hassles and I was 16 and in a band called The New Rock Workshop. We would watch each other play and acknowledge each other in passing. In 1974, he was living in Los Angeles and had already released \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". He used studio musicians for the recording and different guys out on the road. I was playing in a band called Topper with Doug Stegmeyer and he got the gig to play bass with Billy on the \u201cStreetlife\u201d tour."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US.", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the turnstiles?", "answer": {"text": "the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article, besides that Billy Joel's \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Miami 2017 ( Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway) \"Miami 2017 (Seen the Lights Go Out on Broadway)\" is a song written and originally recorded by Billy Joel which appeared as the final song on his album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. Several live performances of the song have been released. He performed this song at benefit concerts: The Concert for New York City for victims of the September 11 attacks in 2001, on the television program \"\" for Hurricane Sandy victims in 2012 and during his set at \"\". Joel has often tweaked the lyrics to the song at his live concerts, particularly at the \"Live at Shea\" and \"Coming Together\" concerts. On New Year's Eve, 2016, Joel performed at the BB&T Center in Sunrise, Florida, a city just north of Miami Dade County. At midnight, he crooned the traditional Auld Lang Syne and then immediately went into \"Miami 2017\". On the January 9, 2017 episode of \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\", Billy Joel performed the song with Stay Human, the show's house band. The release of \"Turnstiles\" followed Billy Joel's return to his hometown of New York from a brief foray in Los Angeles which resulted in the albums \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". Several of the songs are linked to this transition, including \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" and \"New York State of Mind.\" Joel has described it as a \"science fiction song\" about an apocalypse occurring in New York as a result of discussions that the city was failing in the 1970s.", "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade. His manager at the time was Jon Troy, an old friend from the New York neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant; Troy would soon be replaced by Joel's wife Elizabeth. Streetlife Serenade contains references to suburbia and the inner city. It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US. Upset that \"Piano Man\" had been significantly cut for radio play, Joel wrote \"The Entertainer\" as a sarcastic response: \"If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit, so they cut it down to 3:05.\" Although Streetlife Serenade is often considered one of Joel's weaker albums (Joel dislikes it himself), it contains the notable songs \"Los Angelenos\" and \"Root Beer Rag\", an instrumental that was a staple of his live set in the 1970s. In late 1975, Joel played piano and organ on several tracks on Bo Diddley's The 20th Anniversary of Rock 'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band. Produced by James William Guercio (then Chicago's producer), Turnstiles was first recorded at Caribou Ranch with members of Elton John's band. Dissatisfied with the result, Joel re-recorded the songs and produced the album himself. \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover as did Nigel Olsson, then drummer with Elton John.", "Shameless (Billy Joel song) \"Shameless\" is a song written by American singer Billy Joel and recorded on his 1989 album \"Storm Front\". His version peaked at #40 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts. Two years later, the song was covered by country music artist Garth Brooks on his third studio album, 1991's \"Ropin' the Wind\". Brooks' rendering of the song was his seventh Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts in late 1991. It also reached #71 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1993, on stage in Boston, Billy Joel introduced the song by saying, \"I want[ed] to write a song, like a Jimi Hendrix song, you know. Back in the sixties, he was one of my idols, Jimi Hendrix.\" Billy Joel also mentioned the Hendrix inspiration at a talk in Nuremberg, in 1995. The song features harmony vocals by Trisha Yearwood. Brooks provided the following background information on the song in the booklet liner notes from his compilation, \"The Hits\": \"Shameless\" was the longest shot we took with a song. I was talked into becoming a member of a CD club... you know, the 40,000 CD's for a penny deal. With those clubs, they write you with the selection of the month. If you don't write back and cancel, then they send it to you and charge you for it. I was on the road for six months with no one to check the mail and came home to find six compact discs in my mailbox. \"Storm Front\" by Billy Joel was one of them. I hadn't listened to Billy Joel since the late seventies, probably since \"Glass Houses\". I fell in love with the album and fell back in love with Billy Joel's music.", "Billy Joel discography American singer-songwriter Billy Joel has released thirteen studio albums, five live albums, fifteen compilation albums, ten video albums, singles, promotional singles and forty-five music videos. Other singles in existence: \"She\u2019s Got a Way\" B-side \"Everybody Loves You Now/ You Can Make Me Free\" (1971\u201372) \"You Can Make Me Feel Free\" B-side \"You Look So Good to Me \" Philips 6078 005 \"Tomorrow is Today\" B-side \" Everybody Loves You Now\" (1972) FPS-0906 \"Nocturne\" B-side \" Tomorrow is Today\" (Dutch promo single) (1972) \" Why Judy Why\" B-side \"Nocturne\" (Australian-only single) (1972)  \" If I Only Had the Words (To Tell You)\" B-side \"Stop in Nevada\" (UK promo single) (1975) \"Souvenir\" (12\" promo) (1976) \"I've Loved These Days\" B-side \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" (US single) (1976) \"Everybody Has a Dream\" B-side \"Vienna\" (Dutch-only single) (1978) \"Nobody Knows But Me\" B-side of \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\" by Bruce Springsteen (US promo single) CBS PRO151- from \" In Harmony 2\" LP \"Miami 2017\" B-side \"Say Goodbye To Hollywood\" (12\" US promo) (1981) Columbia AS 1298 / XMS 168798 \"Los Angelenos\" B-side \"She's Got a Way\" (Japanese 7\" vinyl) (1981) Columbia 3-10562 \"She\u2019s Right on Time \" B-side \"A Room of Our Own\" (Dutch-only promo single) (1983)", "Say Goodbye to Hollywood \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" is a song written and performed by Billy Joel, first released in 1976 on his album \"Turnstiles\". It was originally released as a single with \"Stop in Nevada\" as a B-side. However, the song achieved greater recognition in 1981 when a live version from \"Songs in the Attic\" was released as a single, with the live version of \"Summer, Highland Falls\" as a B-side. Joel wrote the song after moving back to New York City in 1975; he had previously relocated to Los Angeles in 1972 in an attempt to get out of an onerous record deal. The man who represents this song on the Turnstiles album is the man wearing sunglasses and holding a suitcase. Joel has stated in his university lectures that he wrote the song with Ronnie Spector and The Ronettes song \" Be My Baby\" in mind. Indeed, Joel notes that the two songs share a very similar beat. Recognizing Joel's tribute , Ronnie Spector recorded her own cover version of \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" in 1977 with the E Street Band, soon after Joel released his first recording of the song on \"Turnstiles\"."], "answer": {"text": "Upset that \"Piano Man\" had been significantly cut for radio play, Joel wrote \"The Entertainer\" as a sarcastic response:", "answer_start": 390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US.", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the turnstiles?", "answer": {"text": "the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#7", "question": "what was the sarcastic response?", "rewrite": "what was the sarcastic response Billy Joel wrote when \"Piano Man\" was significantly cut for radio play?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade. His manager at the time was Jon Troy, an old friend from the New York neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant; Troy would soon be replaced by Joel's wife Elizabeth. Streetlife Serenade contains references to suburbia and the inner city. It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US. Upset that \"Piano Man\" had been significantly cut for radio play, Joel wrote \"The Entertainer\" as a sarcastic response: \"If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit, so they cut it down to 3:05.\" Although Streetlife Serenade is often considered one of Joel's weaker albums (Joel dislikes it himself), it contains the notable songs \"Los Angelenos\" and \"Root Beer Rag\", an instrumental that was a staple of his live set in the 1970s. In late 1975, Joel played piano and organ on several tracks on Bo Diddley's The 20th Anniversary of Rock 'n' Roll all-star album. Disenchanted with Los Angeles, Joel returned to New York City in 1975 and recorded Turnstiles, the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band. Produced by James William Guercio (then Chicago's producer), Turnstiles was first recorded at Caribou Ranch with members of Elton John's band. Dissatisfied with the result, Joel re-recorded the songs and produced the album himself. \"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover as did Nigel Olsson, then drummer with Elton John.", "Piano Man (Billy Joel album) Piano Man is the second studio album by American recording artist Billy Joel, released on November 9, 1973 by Columbia Records. The album emerged from legal difficulties with Joel's former label Family Productions, and ultimately became his first breakthrough album. The title track, a fictionalized retelling of Joel's experiences with people he met as a lounge singer in Los Angeles, peaked at on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and on the Adult Contemporary singles chart. \"Travelin' Prayer\" and \"Worse Comes to Worst\" peaked at Nos. 77 and 80 on the Hot 100, respectively, while the album itself peaked at on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album was certified gold by the RIAA in 1975, but Joel only received $8000 in royalties (US$ in dollars). Columbia Records released a two-disc legacy version of \"Piano Man\" in November 2011. This edition included a slightly truncated live 1972 Philadelphia 93.3 WMMR FM radio broadcast of early songs that Joel performed and recorded at the Philadelphia-based Sigma Sound Studios. This radio broadcast was extremely important to the success of Joel's music career because, after the show was recorded, the live recording of \"Captain Jack\" was played by the station and quickly became \"the most requested song in the station's history\". Once the popularity of this live recording was known, people working for Columbia Records heard the recording and signed Joel to the label. The radio broadcast included three songs (\"Long, Long Time\", \"Josephine\" and \"Rosalinda\") that were never on any of Joel's studio albums. All songs written by Billy Joel. Disc 2: Live at Sigma Sound Studios, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1972 Adapted from the AllMusic credits. Live at Sigma Sound Studios, April 15, 1972  Production", "Later, Joel's song \"The Entertainer\" refers to the editing of the \"Piano Man\" single by commenting, \"It was a beautiful song, but it ran too long / If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit / So they cut it down to 3:05.\" Joel wrote and originally performed the song in the key of C major. It has a waltz time signature and begins with a jazzy piano solo before moving into its piano and harmonica introduction. The verses and the chorus feature a descending walking bassline in C that ends with a D \u2013 G turnaround. Instrumentally, Joel's 1973 version features piano, harmonica, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, accordion, mandolin, and drums. As of 2017, Joel now performs the song in B-flat major, a whole step down from the original. When Joel received the Gershwin Prize in 2014, he performed \"Piano Man\" in the original key of C major for the first time in approximately a decade. Joel acknowledged on \"Inside the Actors Studio\" in 1999 that each of the characters in the song was based on a real person, either a friend of his or another customer at the bar. For instance, Joel claimed that the waitress \"practicing politics\" was actually his first wife, Elizabeth Weber. Joel also regretted the fact that the verses and the chorus of the song both use the same chord sequence and a similar melody, stating that the melody \"doesn't go anywhere [musically]. \" Nevertheless, Joel also included minor harmonic variation and a different melody in the song's bridge section. The first music video for this song was released in 1973. It features Joel portraying a bar act Bill Martin performing the song, and shows a typical American bar as a setting. A new version of the video was shot in 1985, with new extras, and was more or less the same as the original.", "Piano Man (song) \"Piano Man\" is a song written and performed by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel. His first single in North America, it was included on Joel's 1973 album of the same name and later released as a single on November 2, 1973. The song is sung from Joel's point-of-view working as a piano player at a bar, reminiscing on his experiences working there and the people that he encountered. \" Piano Man\" is based on Joel's real-life experiences working as a lounge musician in Los Angeles from 1972\u201373, in an effort to escape his contracted New York-based record company at the time, Family Productions, following the poor commercial performance of the album \"Cold Spring Harbor\". Joel describes various characters, including a bartender named John and a \"real-estate novelist\" named Paul, all based on real-life individuals. Joel's first major hit and his signature song, \"Piano Man\" peaked at #25 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in April 1974. Following Joel's breakthrough as a popular musician with the release of \"The Stranger\", it became one of his most well-known songs. It is now a highlight of Joel's live shows, where he usually allows the audience to sing the chorus. In 2016, the Library of Congress selected \"Piano Man\" for preservation in the National Recording Registry for its \"cultural, historic, or artistic significance.\" \"Piano Man\" is a fictionalized retelling of Joel's own experience as a piano-lounge singer for six months in 1972\u201373 at the now defunct Executive Room bar in the Wilshire district of Los Angeles.", "Captain Jack (Billy Joel song) \"Captain Jack\" is a song by Billy Joel featured on his 1973 album \"Piano Man\" with a live version on his 1981 album \"Songs in the Attic\". It is considered by some to be the most important and pivotal of his early compositions because his performance of the song at an April 15, 1972, live radio concert at Sigma Studios on WMMR in Philadelphia, and the subsequent airplay this live version received on the station, brought him to the attention of major record labels, including Columbia, with whom he would sign a recording contract in 1973. Joel wrote \"Captain Jack\" in late 1971, while sitting in his apartment in Oyster Bay, Long Island, looking out the window, trying to find inspiration for a song. Across the street was a housing project, and he observed suburban teenagers going into the project and obtaining heroin from a dealer known as \"Captain Jack\". \"It's about coming out of the New York suburbs,\" Joel told John Kalodner in 1974. \" But in my travels I have seen a lot of the same suburb all over the country. The song is sort of brutal, but sometimes it is good to be brutal and offend people\u2014it keeps them on their toes.\" The song, according to Joel, is an anti-drug song. He says, \"What's so horrible about an affluent young white teenager's life that he's got to shoot heroin? It's really a song about what I consider to be a pathetic loser kind of lifestyle. I've been accused of, 'Oh, this song promotes drug use and masturbation.' No, no, no. Listen to the song. This guy is a loser. \" In writing about the song in the liner notes of his \"Songs in the Attic\" album, Joel once again emphasized the point: \"..."], "answer": {"text": "\"If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit, so they cut it down to 3:05.\"", "answer_start": 510}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US.", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the turnstiles?", "answer": {"text": "the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Upset that \"Piano Man\" had been significantly cut for radio play, Joel wrote \"The Entertainer\" as a sarcastic response:", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09bc86877b8f4698b94a8ba1b42f124c_0_q#8", "question": "what happened in 1977?", "rewrite": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1977?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike DelGuidice Michael DelGuidice is an American musician, multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter, best known as rhythm guitarist and vocalist of Billy Joel's band, and as the lead vocalist and pianist for the Long Island band Big Shot. He had played 15 years as a Billy Joel cover artist and later joined Joel's band at Joel's invitation in 2013. During DelGuidice's childhood, his mother listened to Barbra Streisand music, and his father listened to Billy Joel and Chicago. He was 13 years old when he first started playing Joel's music. He grew up on the North Shore, where he spent a lot of time watching Joel's \"Live from Long Island\" concert video and hanging out in the music room at Miller Place High School where he practiced the songs of Joel, Elton John and Paul McCartney. DelGuidice required seven surgeries to address a congenital kidney condition when he was a child. DelGuidice started his music career performing in Long Island piano bars and saloons. He started singing songs of Billy Joel in Miller Place High School\u2019s vocal jazz band in the late 1980s. He struggled for many years to pay the bills pushing and performing his original music and finally releasing 2 music albums, \"Miller Place\" and \"My Street\". In 2000, DelGuidice started the band Big Shot, which is a tribute to the music of Billy Joel. Big Shot played their first gig at the Village Pub in Port Jefferson in the same year. With DelGuidice on lead vocals and piano, it drew big crowds from the start. By 2011, some of Big Shot\u2019s members were burnt out from playing over 100 gigs a year. DelGuidice\u2019s solution was to call Joel\u2019s long-time lead guitarist, Tommy Byrnes.", "Billy Joel Band The Billy Joel Band is the band that backs singer-songwriter and pianist Billy Joel on both studio and live recordings. The band stabilized around 1975 but underwent several lineup changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Joel's touring band as a whole did not begin playing on his records until he recorded the album \"Turnstiles\" in 1976. This line-up included Richie Cannata on saxophones and organ, Liberty DeVitto on drums, Russell Javors on guitar, and Doug Stegmeyer on bass. The band, which now no longer includes any of its original members, is often not recognized as a formal entity, and is instead referred to simply as Billy Joel's band. Joel's first touring band, formed in 1971 to support the \"Cold Spring Harbor\" album, comprised Rhys Clark on drums, Al Hertzberg on guitar, and Larry Russell on bass. The group toured throughout the United States, including Puerto Rico. The touring lineup changed and it took a few years for the lineup to stabilize. In an online interview, DeVitto describes how Joel's classic late 1970s-early 1980s band first came together: Billy and I used to play the same club in Plainview, Long Island, called My House. He was 17 and in a band called The Hassles and I was 16 and in a band called The New Rock Workshop. We would watch each other play and acknowledge each other in passing. In 1974, he was living in Los Angeles and had already released \"Piano Man\" and \"Streetlife Serenade\". He used studio musicians for the recording and different guys out on the road. I was playing in a band called Topper with Doug Stegmeyer and he got the gig to play bass with Billy on the \u201cStreetlife\u201d tour.", "The Ballad of Billy the Kid  \"The Ballad of Billy the Kid\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Billy Joel from the album \"Piano Man\". It was also issued as a single in the UK backed with \"If I Only Had The Words (To Tell You).\" The song is Joel's fictionalized version of the story of Billy the Kid. In an interview from 1975, Joel admitted, \"Basically [the song] was an experiment with an impressionist type of lyric. It was historically totally inaccurate as a story.\" Examples of these inaccuracies include when Joel sings that Billy the Kid was \"from a town known as Wheeling, West Virginia\" and that \"he robbed his way from Utah to Oklahoma. \" But the real Billy the Kid never robbed a bank and although his birthplace is uncertain, no account suggests that he was from West Virginia. The song also says that Billy the Kid was captured and hanged, with many people attending the hanging; in reality, he was shot and killed by Pat Garrett. In the last verse of the song, the lyrics switch from Billy the Kid to a \"Billy\" from Oyster Bay, Long Island. The writer Ken Bielen has interpreted the \"Billy\" in the final verse as being a portrait of Billy Joel himself since Joel was from Oyster Bay. However, in the liner notes to his album \"Songs in the Attic\" Joel claims that the \"Billy\" in the final verse is not himself but rather a bartender who worked in Oyster Bay, by the name of Billy Nastri. In an interview once Billy Joel mentioned that this song was about \"record company PR hype\".", "Euforia \u2013 Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel  Euforia - Helen Sj\u00f6holm sjunger Billy Joel (Helen Sj\u00f6holm sings Billy Joel) is an album by Swedish singer and actor Helen Sj\u00f6holm, released in November 2010. The album features 11 compositions by American musician and pianist, singer-songwriter, and classical composer Billy Joel, performed by Helen Sj\u00f6holm. All songs are performed in Swedish, with lyrics written by Tomas Andersson Wij. \"\"Euforia\"\" is only the 2nd solo album by Swedish singer and musical star Helen Sj\u00f6holm. Sj\u00f6holm is famous for playing the role of \"Kristina\" in Benny Andersson's and Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus's (both of ABBA fame) musical Kristina fr\u00e5n Duvem\u00e5la and being part of Andersson's current group Benny Anderssons Orkester. Apart from various other contributions through the years (see Helen Sj\u00f6holm discography), she also released a solo album Visor in 2002. It took her almost ten years to record another album of her own, which was eventually called \"\"Euforia\"\" and released in late 2010. Recording and mixing for the album, which was produced by Gunnar Nord\u00e9n, took place in Atlantis Studio and Supro Studio, Stockholm, throughout 2010. \"\"Euforia\"\" is a concept album. All songs are compositions by Billy Joel, to which Tomas Andersson Wij wrote Swedish lyrics. Apparently, Sj\u00f6holm came across the Billy Joel song She's Always A Woman sometime in early 2010, while thinking about a new album. Being a favourite of hers, she started listening to more Billy Joel songs and discovered one song after another that she liked.", "Shameless (Billy Joel song) \"Shameless\" is a song written by American singer Billy Joel and recorded on his 1989 album \"Storm Front\". His version peaked at #40 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts. Two years later, the song was covered by country music artist Garth Brooks on his third studio album, 1991's \"Ropin' the Wind\". Brooks' rendering of the song was his seventh Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts in late 1991. It also reached #71 on the UK Singles Chart. In 1993, on stage in Boston, Billy Joel introduced the song by saying, \"I want[ed] to write a song, like a Jimi Hendrix song, you know. Back in the sixties, he was one of my idols, Jimi Hendrix.\" Billy Joel also mentioned the Hendrix inspiration at a talk in Nuremberg, in 1995. The song features harmony vocals by Trisha Yearwood. Brooks provided the following background information on the song in the booklet liner notes from his compilation, \"The Hits\": \"Shameless\" was the longest shot we took with a song. I was talked into becoming a member of a CD club... you know, the 40,000 CD's for a penny deal. With those clubs, they write you with the selection of the month. If you don't write back and cancel, then they send it to you and charge you for it. I was on the road for six months with no one to check the mail and came home to find six compact discs in my mailbox. \"Storm Front\" by Billy Joel was one of them. I hadn't listened to Billy Joel since the late seventies, probably since \"Glass Houses\". I fell in love with the album and fell back in love with Billy Joel's music."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to Billy Joel in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "In 1974, Joel recorded his second Columbia album in Los Angeles, Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Streetlife Serenade.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "It is perhaps best known for \"The Entertainer\", a No. 34 hit in the US.", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the turnstiles?", "answer": {"text": "the first album he recorded with the group of hand-picked musicians who became the Billy Joel Band.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"Say Goodbye to Hollywood\" was a minor hit; Ronnie Spector recorded a cover", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Upset that \"Piano Man\" had been significantly cut for radio play, Joel wrote \"The Entertainer\" as a sarcastic response:", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the sarcastic response?", "answer": {"text": "\"If you're gonna have a hit, you gotta make it fit, so they cut it down to 3:05.\"", "answer_start": 510, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_675f2d1788f54159904f22e241a0e643_1_q#0", "question": "When did Lou Gramm leave?", "rewrite": "When did Lou Gramm leave?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Black Sheep (rock band) Black Sheep was an Rochester, New York-based 1970s United States rock music band, was one of vocalist Lou Gramm's early working bands (it followed Poor Heart, which broke up c. 1970). The group, which had released the single \"Stick Around\" in 1974, the album \"Black Sheep\" in 1975, and the album \"Encouraging Words\" in late 1975, was no longer performing when Gramm was invited by Mick Jones to join the band Foreigner in 1976. Don Mancuso and Ron Rocco were later members of CHEATER, a local hard rock band from Rochester that released a 10-inch record entitled \"Ten Cent Love Affair\" in 1980 on Mallard Records. Black Sheep's bass player Bruce Turgon played on Lou Gramm's solo albums in the late 1980s (which also featured contributions from another Black Sheep alumnus, guitarist Don Mancuso) and joined Gramm in one of Foreigner's later incarnations, in 1992. Gramm continues to tour, fronting the Lou Gramm Band, whose lineup between 2004 and 2006 included former Black Sheep guitarist Don Mancuso (guitar/bass), along with Ben Gramm (drums), Richard Gramm (guitar), and Andy Knoll (keyboards).", "Bruce Turgon Bruce Turgon (born 25 April 1952) is an American bass guitarist, guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and producer who has played in several bands throughout his career, including Foreigner, The Lou Gramm Band, Shadow King, Steve Stevens, Warrior, Black Sheep and Showcase. Turgon was born and raised in North Chili, New York, a suburb of Rochester, and near the hometown of future bandmate, singer Lou Gramm. A multi-instrumentalist, Turgon started playing in elementary school, and, after high school, became a member of Showcase, competing in the same market as the Gramm-fronted band Poor Heart. In late 1971, he and Gramm started the band Black Sheep, which built a regional following over the next two years. In 1974, the Gramm-Turgon written EP \" Stick Around\" was released on Chrysalis, which later led the group to be signed to Capitol. The band released two albums in 1974, and was poised for major success when a vehicle accident in 1975 damaged their equipment, which led to Black Sheep losing the support act slot for Kiss that year. Turgon then left New York for Los Angeles, eventually writing, recording and touring with artists like Billy Thorpe, Nick Gilder, Prism and Warrior as well as performing around the Los Angeles area with his own bands. In 1987, Turgon co-wrote the song \"My Way\" along with Paul Stanley and Desmond Child for the platinum Kiss album \"Crazy Nights\". Eventually, Turgon's long association with his friend Gramm led to the writing and recording of Gramm\u2019s first solo album \"Ready or Not\", yielding the hit single, \"Midnight Blue\". The album charted at number 27 in the United States. The single \"Midnight Blue\" was number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.", "Lou Gramm Lou Gramm (born Louis Andrew Grammatico; May 2, 1950) is an American rock singer-songwriter, best known for being the original lead singer of the rock band Foreigner. Louis Andrew Grammatico was born on May 2, 1950, in Rochester, New York, the son of Nikki (nee Masetta), a singer, and Bennie Grammatico, a band leader and trumpeter. He attended Gates-Chili High School in Rochester, graduating with the class of 1968. Gramm became front man for the band Black Sheep. Black Sheep was the first American band signed to the Chrysalis label, which released their first single, \"Stick Around\" (1974). Soon after this initial bit of success, Black Sheep signed with Capitol Records, releasing two albums in succession: \"Black Sheep\" (1975) and \"Encouraging Words\" (late 1975). They were the opening act for Kiss when an icy accident with their equipment truck on the New York State Thruway suddenly ended the band's tour on Christmas Eve, 1975. Unable to support its albums with live performances, Black Sheep disbanded. A year earlier, Gramm met his future bandmate Mick Jones. Jones was in Rochester performing with the band Spooky Tooth, and Gramm had given Jones a copy of Black Sheep's first album (\"S/T\"). It was early in 1976, not long after Black Sheep's truck accident, when Jones, in search of a lead singer for a new band he was assembling, expressed his interest in Gramm and invited him to audition. Gramm traveled to New York to audition and got the job. Lou Grammatico then became Lou Gramm. The band, which was initially known as \"Trigger,\" was later renamed Foreigner.", "Shadow King (band) Shadow King was a hard rock supergroup. Formed by former Foreigner lead singer Lou Gramm, Def Leppard guitarist Vivian Campbell, Foreigner bass player Bruce Turgon, and drummer Kevin Valentine. Vivian Campbell and Bruce Turgon both also played with Lou Gramm as a solo artist previous to Shadow King, with Vivian playing on \"Long Hard Look\", and Bruce playing on \"Ready or Not\" and \"Long Hard Look\". They released a self-titled album in 1991. Although plans were made for a tour, they performed only once, at the Astoria Theatre in London, England, on December 13, 1991. Rick Seratte (Whitesnake, Foreigner, Poco, Rick Springfield) joined the band for this performance with backup vocals and playing keyboards. Shortly afterward, Vivian Campbell announced he was leaving Shadow King to join Def Leppard. Although replacements were considered, the band members eventually went their separate ways, with Gramm and Turgon rejoining Foreigner in 1992. Reportedly, Lou Gramm guested with Def Leppard on stage in 1992, shortly after Vivian Campbell joined Def Leppard. Shadow King only had one official studio release, their 1991 eponymous debut album. Although Gramm, Turgon, Campbell & Valentine contributed the song \"One Dream\" to the \"\" soundtrack in 1991, the track was officially credited to The Lou Gramm Band. Shadow King released their self-titled debut album on October 1, 1991 for Atlantic Records. The album was produced by Keith Olsen, who had previously worked with Gramm when he produced Foreigner's \"Double Vision\". The album produced only one single, \"I Want You\", as well as a music video for the song before they would disband the next year. All songs written by Lou Gramm and Bruce Turgon except where noted.", "Don Mancuso Don Mancuso (born March 26, 1955 in Rochester, New York) is an American rock music guitarist and songwriter best known for his role as guitarist and co-writer for the rock band Black Sheep as well as The Lou Gramm Band and The Voice of Foreigner. He also has a successful solo career and continues to work with Phil Naro in DDrive. He is also working with Regi Hendrix on his first solo effort. Mancuso attended Greece Olympia High School in Rochester, New York, and graduated in 1973. He attended the College Of Marin for music and graduated from Monroe Community College with an AAS degree in Electronics Engineering in 1988. Mancuso began his music career playing guitar in Black Sheep. After the release of the band's self-titled \"Black Sheep\" and \"Encouraging Words,\" he continued to write and record with groups such as Cheater, Lou Gramm Band, Johnny Smoke, The Park Ave Band, Phil Naro and Celtic Fire. In 2004, Mancuso was asked to join his former Black Sheep bandmate (and former Foreigner frontman) Lou Gramm in his new Lou Gramm Band, which also included another Black Sheep alumnus, Bruce Turgon. The band plays old Foreigner hits as well as Lou Gramm Band material, and released a Christian rock release, for which Mancuso wrote half the music."], "answer": {"text": "late 1980s, Jones and Gramm each put out solo efforts on Atlantic.", "answer_start": 7}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_675f2d1788f54159904f22e241a0e643_1_q#1", "question": "Why did he leave?", "rewrite": "Why did Lou Gramm leave?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bruce Turgon Bruce Turgon (born 25 April 1952) is an American bass guitarist, guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and producer who has played in several bands throughout his career, including Foreigner, The Lou Gramm Band, Shadow King, Steve Stevens, Warrior, Black Sheep and Showcase. Turgon was born and raised in North Chili, New York, a suburb of Rochester, and near the hometown of future bandmate, singer Lou Gramm. A multi-instrumentalist, Turgon started playing in elementary school, and, after high school, became a member of Showcase, competing in the same market as the Gramm-fronted band Poor Heart. In late 1971, he and Gramm started the band Black Sheep, which built a regional following over the next two years. In 1974, the Gramm-Turgon written EP \" Stick Around\" was released on Chrysalis, which later led the group to be signed to Capitol. The band released two albums in 1974, and was poised for major success when a vehicle accident in 1975 damaged their equipment, which led to Black Sheep losing the support act slot for Kiss that year. Turgon then left New York for Los Angeles, eventually writing, recording and touring with artists like Billy Thorpe, Nick Gilder, Prism and Warrior as well as performing around the Los Angeles area with his own bands. In 1987, Turgon co-wrote the song \"My Way\" along with Paul Stanley and Desmond Child for the platinum Kiss album \"Crazy Nights\". Eventually, Turgon's long association with his friend Gramm led to the writing and recording of Gramm\u2019s first solo album \"Ready or Not\", yielding the hit single, \"Midnight Blue\". The album charted at number 27 in the United States. The single \"Midnight Blue\" was number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.", "Black Sheep (rock band) Black Sheep was an Rochester, New York-based 1970s United States rock music band, was one of vocalist Lou Gramm's early working bands (it followed Poor Heart, which broke up c. 1970). The group, which had released the single \"Stick Around\" in 1974, the album \"Black Sheep\" in 1975, and the album \"Encouraging Words\" in late 1975, was no longer performing when Gramm was invited by Mick Jones to join the band Foreigner in 1976. Don Mancuso and Ron Rocco were later members of CHEATER, a local hard rock band from Rochester that released a 10-inch record entitled \"Ten Cent Love Affair\" in 1980 on Mallard Records. Black Sheep's bass player Bruce Turgon played on Lou Gramm's solo albums in the late 1980s (which also featured contributions from another Black Sheep alumnus, guitarist Don Mancuso) and joined Gramm in one of Foreigner's later incarnations, in 1992. Gramm continues to tour, fronting the Lou Gramm Band, whose lineup between 2004 and 2006 included former Black Sheep guitarist Don Mancuso (guitar/bass), along with Ben Gramm (drums), Richard Gramm (guitar), and Andy Knoll (keyboards).", "Shadow King (band) Shadow King was a hard rock supergroup. Formed by former Foreigner lead singer Lou Gramm, Def Leppard guitarist Vivian Campbell, Foreigner bass player Bruce Turgon, and drummer Kevin Valentine. Vivian Campbell and Bruce Turgon both also played with Lou Gramm as a solo artist previous to Shadow King, with Vivian playing on \"Long Hard Look\", and Bruce playing on \"Ready or Not\" and \"Long Hard Look\". They released a self-titled album in 1991. Although plans were made for a tour, they performed only once, at the Astoria Theatre in London, England, on December 13, 1991. Rick Seratte (Whitesnake, Foreigner, Poco, Rick Springfield) joined the band for this performance with backup vocals and playing keyboards. Shortly afterward, Vivian Campbell announced he was leaving Shadow King to join Def Leppard. Although replacements were considered, the band members eventually went their separate ways, with Gramm and Turgon rejoining Foreigner in 1992. Reportedly, Lou Gramm guested with Def Leppard on stage in 1992, shortly after Vivian Campbell joined Def Leppard. Shadow King only had one official studio release, their 1991 eponymous debut album. Although Gramm, Turgon, Campbell & Valentine contributed the song \"One Dream\" to the \"\" soundtrack in 1991, the track was officially credited to The Lou Gramm Band. Shadow King released their self-titled debut album on October 1, 1991 for Atlantic Records. The album was produced by Keith Olsen, who had previously worked with Gramm when he produced Foreigner's \"Double Vision\". The album produced only one single, \"I Want You\", as well as a music video for the song before they would disband the next year. All songs written by Lou Gramm and Bruce Turgon except where noted.", "Lou Gramm Lou Gramm (born Louis Andrew Grammatico; May 2, 1950) is an American rock singer-songwriter, best known for being the original lead singer of the rock band Foreigner. Louis Andrew Grammatico was born on May 2, 1950, in Rochester, New York, the son of Nikki (nee Masetta), a singer, and Bennie Grammatico, a band leader and trumpeter. He attended Gates-Chili High School in Rochester, graduating with the class of 1968. Gramm became front man for the band Black Sheep. Black Sheep was the first American band signed to the Chrysalis label, which released their first single, \"Stick Around\" (1974). Soon after this initial bit of success, Black Sheep signed with Capitol Records, releasing two albums in succession: \"Black Sheep\" (1975) and \"Encouraging Words\" (late 1975). They were the opening act for Kiss when an icy accident with their equipment truck on the New York State Thruway suddenly ended the band's tour on Christmas Eve, 1975. Unable to support its albums with live performances, Black Sheep disbanded. A year earlier, Gramm met his future bandmate Mick Jones. Jones was in Rochester performing with the band Spooky Tooth, and Gramm had given Jones a copy of Black Sheep's first album (\"S/T\"). It was early in 1976, not long after Black Sheep's truck accident, when Jones, in search of a lead singer for a new band he was assembling, expressed his interest in Gramm and invited him to audition. Gramm traveled to New York to audition and got the job. Lou Grammatico then became Lou Gramm. The band, which was initially known as \"Trigger,\" was later renamed Foreigner.", "Don Mancuso Don Mancuso (born March 26, 1955 in Rochester, New York) is an American rock music guitarist and songwriter best known for his role as guitarist and co-writer for the rock band Black Sheep as well as The Lou Gramm Band and The Voice of Foreigner. He also has a successful solo career and continues to work with Phil Naro in DDrive. He is also working with Regi Hendrix on his first solo effort. Mancuso attended Greece Olympia High School in Rochester, New York, and graduated in 1973. He attended the College Of Marin for music and graduated from Monroe Community College with an AAS degree in Electronics Engineering in 1988. Mancuso began his music career playing guitar in Black Sheep. After the release of the band's self-titled \"Black Sheep\" and \"Encouraging Words,\" he continued to write and record with groups such as Cheater, Lou Gramm Band, Johnny Smoke, The Park Ave Band, Phil Naro and Celtic Fire. In 2004, Mancuso was asked to join his former Black Sheep bandmate (and former Foreigner frontman) Lou Gramm in his new Lou Gramm Band, which also included another Black Sheep alumnus, Bruce Turgon. The band plays old Foreigner hits as well as Lou Gramm Band material, and released a Christian rock release, for which Mancuso wrote half the music."], "answer": {"text": "solo efforts", "answer_start": 48}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Lou Gramm leave?", "answer": {"text": "late 1980s, Jones and Gramm each put out solo efforts on Atlantic.", "answer_start": 7, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_675f2d1788f54159904f22e241a0e643_1_q#2", "question": "What was his first solo album?", "rewrite": "What was Lou Gramm's first solo album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bruce Turgon Bruce Turgon (born 25 April 1952) is an American bass guitarist, guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and producer who has played in several bands throughout his career, including Foreigner, The Lou Gramm Band, Shadow King, Steve Stevens, Warrior, Black Sheep and Showcase. Turgon was born and raised in North Chili, New York, a suburb of Rochester, and near the hometown of future bandmate, singer Lou Gramm. A multi-instrumentalist, Turgon started playing in elementary school, and, after high school, became a member of Showcase, competing in the same market as the Gramm-fronted band Poor Heart. In late 1971, he and Gramm started the band Black Sheep, which built a regional following over the next two years. In 1974, the Gramm-Turgon written EP \" Stick Around\" was released on Chrysalis, which later led the group to be signed to Capitol. The band released two albums in 1974, and was poised for major success when a vehicle accident in 1975 damaged their equipment, which led to Black Sheep losing the support act slot for Kiss that year. Turgon then left New York for Los Angeles, eventually writing, recording and touring with artists like Billy Thorpe, Nick Gilder, Prism and Warrior as well as performing around the Los Angeles area with his own bands. In 1987, Turgon co-wrote the song \"My Way\" along with Paul Stanley and Desmond Child for the platinum Kiss album \"Crazy Nights\". Eventually, Turgon's long association with his friend Gramm led to the writing and recording of Gramm\u2019s first solo album \"Ready or Not\", yielding the hit single, \"Midnight Blue\". The album charted at number 27 in the United States. The single \"Midnight Blue\" was number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.", "Don Mancuso Don Mancuso (born March 26, 1955 in Rochester, New York) is an American rock music guitarist and songwriter best known for his role as guitarist and co-writer for the rock band Black Sheep as well as The Lou Gramm Band and The Voice of Foreigner. He also has a successful solo career and continues to work with Phil Naro in DDrive. He is also working with Regi Hendrix on his first solo effort. Mancuso attended Greece Olympia High School in Rochester, New York, and graduated in 1973. He attended the College Of Marin for music and graduated from Monroe Community College with an AAS degree in Electronics Engineering in 1988. Mancuso began his music career playing guitar in Black Sheep. After the release of the band's self-titled \"Black Sheep\" and \"Encouraging Words,\" he continued to write and record with groups such as Cheater, Lou Gramm Band, Johnny Smoke, The Park Ave Band, Phil Naro and Celtic Fire. In 2004, Mancuso was asked to join his former Black Sheep bandmate (and former Foreigner frontman) Lou Gramm in his new Lou Gramm Band, which also included another Black Sheep alumnus, Bruce Turgon. The band plays old Foreigner hits as well as Lou Gramm Band material, and released a Christian rock release, for which Mancuso wrote half the music.", "Lou Gramm Lou Gramm (born Louis Andrew Grammatico; May 2, 1950) is an American rock singer-songwriter, best known for being the original lead singer of the rock band Foreigner. Louis Andrew Grammatico was born on May 2, 1950, in Rochester, New York, the son of Nikki (nee Masetta), a singer, and Bennie Grammatico, a band leader and trumpeter. He attended Gates-Chili High School in Rochester, graduating with the class of 1968. Gramm became front man for the band Black Sheep. Black Sheep was the first American band signed to the Chrysalis label, which released their first single, \"Stick Around\" (1974). Soon after this initial bit of success, Black Sheep signed with Capitol Records, releasing two albums in succession: \"Black Sheep\" (1975) and \"Encouraging Words\" (late 1975). They were the opening act for Kiss when an icy accident with their equipment truck on the New York State Thruway suddenly ended the band's tour on Christmas Eve, 1975. Unable to support its albums with live performances, Black Sheep disbanded. A year earlier, Gramm met his future bandmate Mick Jones. Jones was in Rochester performing with the band Spooky Tooth, and Gramm had given Jones a copy of Black Sheep's first album (\"S/T\"). It was early in 1976, not long after Black Sheep's truck accident, when Jones, in search of a lead singer for a new band he was assembling, expressed his interest in Gramm and invited him to audition. Gramm traveled to New York to audition and got the job. Lou Grammatico then became Lou Gramm. The band, which was initially known as \"Trigger,\" was later renamed Foreigner.", "Shadow King (band) Shadow King was a hard rock supergroup. Formed by former Foreigner lead singer Lou Gramm, Def Leppard guitarist Vivian Campbell, Foreigner bass player Bruce Turgon, and drummer Kevin Valentine. Vivian Campbell and Bruce Turgon both also played with Lou Gramm as a solo artist previous to Shadow King, with Vivian playing on \"Long Hard Look\", and Bruce playing on \"Ready or Not\" and \"Long Hard Look\". They released a self-titled album in 1991. Although plans were made for a tour, they performed only once, at the Astoria Theatre in London, England, on December 13, 1991. Rick Seratte (Whitesnake, Foreigner, Poco, Rick Springfield) joined the band for this performance with backup vocals and playing keyboards. Shortly afterward, Vivian Campbell announced he was leaving Shadow King to join Def Leppard. Although replacements were considered, the band members eventually went their separate ways, with Gramm and Turgon rejoining Foreigner in 1992. Reportedly, Lou Gramm guested with Def Leppard on stage in 1992, shortly after Vivian Campbell joined Def Leppard. Shadow King only had one official studio release, their 1991 eponymous debut album. Although Gramm, Turgon, Campbell & Valentine contributed the song \"One Dream\" to the \"\" soundtrack in 1991, the track was officially credited to The Lou Gramm Band. Shadow King released their self-titled debut album on October 1, 1991 for Atlantic Records. The album was produced by Keith Olsen, who had previously worked with Gramm when he produced Foreigner's \"Double Vision\". The album produced only one single, \"I Want You\", as well as a music video for the song before they would disband the next year. All songs written by Lou Gramm and Bruce Turgon except where noted.", "Black Sheep (rock band) Black Sheep was an Rochester, New York-based 1970s United States rock music band, was one of vocalist Lou Gramm's early working bands (it followed Poor Heart, which broke up c. 1970). The group, which had released the single \"Stick Around\" in 1974, the album \"Black Sheep\" in 1975, and the album \"Encouraging Words\" in late 1975, was no longer performing when Gramm was invited by Mick Jones to join the band Foreigner in 1976. Don Mancuso and Ron Rocco were later members of CHEATER, a local hard rock band from Rochester that released a 10-inch record entitled \"Ten Cent Love Affair\" in 1980 on Mallard Records. Black Sheep's bass player Bruce Turgon played on Lou Gramm's solo albums in the late 1980s (which also featured contributions from another Black Sheep alumnus, guitarist Don Mancuso) and joined Gramm in one of Foreigner's later incarnations, in 1992. Gramm continues to tour, fronting the Lou Gramm Band, whose lineup between 2004 and 2006 included former Black Sheep guitarist Don Mancuso (guitar/bass), along with Ben Gramm (drums), Richard Gramm (guitar), and Andy Knoll (keyboards)."], "answer": {"text": "Long Hard Look (October 1989),", "answer_start": 548}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Lou Gramm leave?", "answer": {"text": "late 1980s, Jones and Gramm each put out solo efforts on Atlantic.", "answer_start": 7, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he leave?", "answer": {"text": "solo efforts", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_675f2d1788f54159904f22e241a0e643_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have a second solo album?", "rewrite": "Did Lou Gramm have a second solo album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lou Gramm Lou Gramm (born Louis Andrew Grammatico; May 2, 1950) is an American rock singer-songwriter, best known for being the original lead singer of the rock band Foreigner. Louis Andrew Grammatico was born on May 2, 1950, in Rochester, New York, the son of Nikki (nee Masetta), a singer, and Bennie Grammatico, a band leader and trumpeter. He attended Gates-Chili High School in Rochester, graduating with the class of 1968. Gramm became front man for the band Black Sheep. Black Sheep was the first American band signed to the Chrysalis label, which released their first single, \"Stick Around\" (1974). Soon after this initial bit of success, Black Sheep signed with Capitol Records, releasing two albums in succession: \"Black Sheep\" (1975) and \"Encouraging Words\" (late 1975). They were the opening act for Kiss when an icy accident with their equipment truck on the New York State Thruway suddenly ended the band's tour on Christmas Eve, 1975. Unable to support its albums with live performances, Black Sheep disbanded. A year earlier, Gramm met his future bandmate Mick Jones. Jones was in Rochester performing with the band Spooky Tooth, and Gramm had given Jones a copy of Black Sheep's first album (\"S/T\"). It was early in 1976, not long after Black Sheep's truck accident, when Jones, in search of a lead singer for a new band he was assembling, expressed his interest in Gramm and invited him to audition. Gramm traveled to New York to audition and got the job. Lou Grammatico then became Lou Gramm. The band, which was initially known as \"Trigger,\" was later renamed Foreigner.", "Black Sheep (rock band) Black Sheep was an Rochester, New York-based 1970s United States rock music band, was one of vocalist Lou Gramm's early working bands (it followed Poor Heart, which broke up c. 1970). The group, which had released the single \"Stick Around\" in 1974, the album \"Black Sheep\" in 1975, and the album \"Encouraging Words\" in late 1975, was no longer performing when Gramm was invited by Mick Jones to join the band Foreigner in 1976. Don Mancuso and Ron Rocco were later members of CHEATER, a local hard rock band from Rochester that released a 10-inch record entitled \"Ten Cent Love Affair\" in 1980 on Mallard Records. Black Sheep's bass player Bruce Turgon played on Lou Gramm's solo albums in the late 1980s (which also featured contributions from another Black Sheep alumnus, guitarist Don Mancuso) and joined Gramm in one of Foreigner's later incarnations, in 1992. Gramm continues to tour, fronting the Lou Gramm Band, whose lineup between 2004 and 2006 included former Black Sheep guitarist Don Mancuso (guitar/bass), along with Ben Gramm (drums), Richard Gramm (guitar), and Andy Knoll (keyboards).", "Shadow King (band) Shadow King was a hard rock supergroup. Formed by former Foreigner lead singer Lou Gramm, Def Leppard guitarist Vivian Campbell, Foreigner bass player Bruce Turgon, and drummer Kevin Valentine. Vivian Campbell and Bruce Turgon both also played with Lou Gramm as a solo artist previous to Shadow King, with Vivian playing on \"Long Hard Look\", and Bruce playing on \"Ready or Not\" and \"Long Hard Look\". They released a self-titled album in 1991. Although plans were made for a tour, they performed only once, at the Astoria Theatre in London, England, on December 13, 1991. Rick Seratte (Whitesnake, Foreigner, Poco, Rick Springfield) joined the band for this performance with backup vocals and playing keyboards. Shortly afterward, Vivian Campbell announced he was leaving Shadow King to join Def Leppard. Although replacements were considered, the band members eventually went their separate ways, with Gramm and Turgon rejoining Foreigner in 1992. Reportedly, Lou Gramm guested with Def Leppard on stage in 1992, shortly after Vivian Campbell joined Def Leppard. Shadow King only had one official studio release, their 1991 eponymous debut album. Although Gramm, Turgon, Campbell & Valentine contributed the song \"One Dream\" to the \"\" soundtrack in 1991, the track was officially credited to The Lou Gramm Band. Shadow King released their self-titled debut album on October 1, 1991 for Atlantic Records. The album was produced by Keith Olsen, who had previously worked with Gramm when he produced Foreigner's \"Double Vision\". The album produced only one single, \"I Want You\", as well as a music video for the song before they would disband the next year. All songs written by Lou Gramm and Bruce Turgon except where noted.", "Campbell was recruited to replace Sykes in the new, glammed-up Whitesnake Coverdale had put together to conquer MTV and American audiences; other members included Adrian Vandenberg, formerly of Teaser and Vandenberg, Tommy Aldridge of Ozzy Osbourne and Black Oak Arkansas fame, and Rudy Sarzo, who had become hugely successful playing with Ozzy Osbourne and Quiet Riot. While he didn't record an album, he replaced John Sykes' guitar solo on the \"Give Me All Your Love\" 1988 single remix. Campbell was fired from Whitesnake after the band's 1987\u20131988 world tour. After leaving Whitesnake, Campbell would go on to play on Lou Gramm's second solo album, \"Long Hard Look\". Though Gramm toured in support of the album, Campbell would not join him. Now a free agent in the business, Campbell joined the group Riverdogs after being tapped to produce their first demo. As an official member of the band, he would contribute to their eponymous debut album in 1990. Campbell once again teamed up with Lou Gramm in 1991 to join Gramm's new band Shadow King. After a single eponymous album, one music video, and one live show, Campbell left the group to join Def Leppard. Shadow King soon disbanded following Campbell's departure as Gramm and bassist Bruce Turgon would return to Gramm's former band Foreigner. In 1992, Campbell joined the rock band Def Leppard, after the release of their \"Adrenalize\" album. He replaced Steve Clark, who died on 8 January 1991. According to fellow guitarist Phil Collen, Campbell was able to lock right into the position very naturally by simply being himself. Campbell made his debut with the band by playing a show in a Dublin club to approximately 600 people.", "Don Mancuso Don Mancuso (born March 26, 1955 in Rochester, New York) is an American rock music guitarist and songwriter best known for his role as guitarist and co-writer for the rock band Black Sheep as well as The Lou Gramm Band and The Voice of Foreigner. He also has a successful solo career and continues to work with Phil Naro in DDrive. He is also working with Regi Hendrix on his first solo effort. Mancuso attended Greece Olympia High School in Rochester, New York, and graduated in 1973. He attended the College Of Marin for music and graduated from Monroe Community College with an AAS degree in Electronics Engineering in 1988. Mancuso began his music career playing guitar in Black Sheep. After the release of the band's self-titled \"Black Sheep\" and \"Encouraging Words,\" he continued to write and record with groups such as Cheater, Lou Gramm Band, Johnny Smoke, The Park Ave Band, Phil Naro and Celtic Fire. In 2004, Mancuso was asked to join his former Black Sheep bandmate (and former Foreigner frontman) Lou Gramm in his new Lou Gramm Band, which also included another Black Sheep alumnus, Bruce Turgon. The band plays old Foreigner hits as well as Lou Gramm Band material, and released a Christian rock release, for which Mancuso wrote half the music."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Lou Gramm leave?", "answer": {"text": "late 1980s, Jones and Gramm each put out solo efforts on Atlantic.", "answer_start": 7, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he leave?", "answer": {"text": "solo efforts", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first solo album?", "answer": {"text": "Long Hard Look (October 1989),", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_675f2d1788f54159904f22e241a0e643_1_q#4", "question": "Did he first album have any hits?", "rewrite": "Did Lou Gramm's first album have any hits?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shadow King (band) Shadow King was a hard rock supergroup. Formed by former Foreigner lead singer Lou Gramm, Def Leppard guitarist Vivian Campbell, Foreigner bass player Bruce Turgon, and drummer Kevin Valentine. Vivian Campbell and Bruce Turgon both also played with Lou Gramm as a solo artist previous to Shadow King, with Vivian playing on \"Long Hard Look\", and Bruce playing on \"Ready or Not\" and \"Long Hard Look\". They released a self-titled album in 1991. Although plans were made for a tour, they performed only once, at the Astoria Theatre in London, England, on December 13, 1991. Rick Seratte (Whitesnake, Foreigner, Poco, Rick Springfield) joined the band for this performance with backup vocals and playing keyboards. Shortly afterward, Vivian Campbell announced he was leaving Shadow King to join Def Leppard. Although replacements were considered, the band members eventually went their separate ways, with Gramm and Turgon rejoining Foreigner in 1992. Reportedly, Lou Gramm guested with Def Leppard on stage in 1992, shortly after Vivian Campbell joined Def Leppard. Shadow King only had one official studio release, their 1991 eponymous debut album. Although Gramm, Turgon, Campbell & Valentine contributed the song \"One Dream\" to the \"\" soundtrack in 1991, the track was officially credited to The Lou Gramm Band. Shadow King released their self-titled debut album on October 1, 1991 for Atlantic Records. The album was produced by Keith Olsen, who had previously worked with Gramm when he produced Foreigner's \"Double Vision\". The album produced only one single, \"I Want You\", as well as a music video for the song before they would disband the next year. All songs written by Lou Gramm and Bruce Turgon except where noted.", "Bruce Turgon Bruce Turgon (born 25 April 1952) is an American bass guitarist, guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and producer who has played in several bands throughout his career, including Foreigner, The Lou Gramm Band, Shadow King, Steve Stevens, Warrior, Black Sheep and Showcase. Turgon was born and raised in North Chili, New York, a suburb of Rochester, and near the hometown of future bandmate, singer Lou Gramm. A multi-instrumentalist, Turgon started playing in elementary school, and, after high school, became a member of Showcase, competing in the same market as the Gramm-fronted band Poor Heart. In late 1971, he and Gramm started the band Black Sheep, which built a regional following over the next two years. In 1974, the Gramm-Turgon written EP \" Stick Around\" was released on Chrysalis, which later led the group to be signed to Capitol. The band released two albums in 1974, and was poised for major success when a vehicle accident in 1975 damaged their equipment, which led to Black Sheep losing the support act slot for Kiss that year. Turgon then left New York for Los Angeles, eventually writing, recording and touring with artists like Billy Thorpe, Nick Gilder, Prism and Warrior as well as performing around the Los Angeles area with his own bands. In 1987, Turgon co-wrote the song \"My Way\" along with Paul Stanley and Desmond Child for the platinum Kiss album \"Crazy Nights\". Eventually, Turgon's long association with his friend Gramm led to the writing and recording of Gramm\u2019s first solo album \"Ready or Not\", yielding the hit single, \"Midnight Blue\". The album charted at number 27 in the United States. The single \"Midnight Blue\" was number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.", "Black Sheep (rock band) Black Sheep was an Rochester, New York-based 1970s United States rock music band, was one of vocalist Lou Gramm's early working bands (it followed Poor Heart, which broke up c. 1970). The group, which had released the single \"Stick Around\" in 1974, the album \"Black Sheep\" in 1975, and the album \"Encouraging Words\" in late 1975, was no longer performing when Gramm was invited by Mick Jones to join the band Foreigner in 1976. Don Mancuso and Ron Rocco were later members of CHEATER, a local hard rock band from Rochester that released a 10-inch record entitled \"Ten Cent Love Affair\" in 1980 on Mallard Records. Black Sheep's bass player Bruce Turgon played on Lou Gramm's solo albums in the late 1980s (which also featured contributions from another Black Sheep alumnus, guitarist Don Mancuso) and joined Gramm in one of Foreigner's later incarnations, in 1992. Gramm continues to tour, fronting the Lou Gramm Band, whose lineup between 2004 and 2006 included former Black Sheep guitarist Don Mancuso (guitar/bass), along with Ben Gramm (drums), Richard Gramm (guitar), and Andy Knoll (keyboards).", "Lou Gramm Lou Gramm (born Louis Andrew Grammatico; May 2, 1950) is an American rock singer-songwriter, best known for being the original lead singer of the rock band Foreigner. Louis Andrew Grammatico was born on May 2, 1950, in Rochester, New York, the son of Nikki (nee Masetta), a singer, and Bennie Grammatico, a band leader and trumpeter. He attended Gates-Chili High School in Rochester, graduating with the class of 1968. Gramm became front man for the band Black Sheep. Black Sheep was the first American band signed to the Chrysalis label, which released their first single, \"Stick Around\" (1974). Soon after this initial bit of success, Black Sheep signed with Capitol Records, releasing two albums in succession: \"Black Sheep\" (1975) and \"Encouraging Words\" (late 1975). They were the opening act for Kiss when an icy accident with their equipment truck on the New York State Thruway suddenly ended the band's tour on Christmas Eve, 1975. Unable to support its albums with live performances, Black Sheep disbanded. A year earlier, Gramm met his future bandmate Mick Jones. Jones was in Rochester performing with the band Spooky Tooth, and Gramm had given Jones a copy of Black Sheep's first album (\"S/T\"). It was early in 1976, not long after Black Sheep's truck accident, when Jones, in search of a lead singer for a new band he was assembling, expressed his interest in Gramm and invited him to audition. Gramm traveled to New York to audition and got the job. Lou Grammatico then became Lou Gramm. The band, which was initially known as \"Trigger,\" was later renamed Foreigner.", "Don Mancuso Don Mancuso (born March 26, 1955 in Rochester, New York) is an American rock music guitarist and songwriter best known for his role as guitarist and co-writer for the rock band Black Sheep as well as The Lou Gramm Band and The Voice of Foreigner. He also has a successful solo career and continues to work with Phil Naro in DDrive. He is also working with Regi Hendrix on his first solo effort. Mancuso attended Greece Olympia High School in Rochester, New York, and graduated in 1973. He attended the College Of Marin for music and graduated from Monroe Community College with an AAS degree in Electronics Engineering in 1988. Mancuso began his music career playing guitar in Black Sheep. After the release of the band's self-titled \"Black Sheep\" and \"Encouraging Words,\" he continued to write and record with groups such as Cheater, Lou Gramm Band, Johnny Smoke, The Park Ave Band, Phil Naro and Celtic Fire. In 2004, Mancuso was asked to join his former Black Sheep bandmate (and former Foreigner frontman) Lou Gramm in his new Lou Gramm Band, which also included another Black Sheep alumnus, Bruce Turgon. The band plays old Foreigner hits as well as Lou Gramm Band material, and released a Christian rock release, for which Mancuso wrote half the music."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Lou Gramm leave?", "answer": {"text": "late 1980s, Jones and Gramm each put out solo efforts on Atlantic.", "answer_start": 7, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he leave?", "answer": {"text": "solo efforts", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first solo album?", "answer": {"text": "Long Hard Look (October 1989),", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a second solo album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_675f2d1788f54159904f22e241a0e643_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this articleother than information about Lou Gramm's albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Don Mancuso Don Mancuso (born March 26, 1955 in Rochester, New York) is an American rock music guitarist and songwriter best known for his role as guitarist and co-writer for the rock band Black Sheep as well as The Lou Gramm Band and The Voice of Foreigner. He also has a successful solo career and continues to work with Phil Naro in DDrive. He is also working with Regi Hendrix on his first solo effort. Mancuso attended Greece Olympia High School in Rochester, New York, and graduated in 1973. He attended the College Of Marin for music and graduated from Monroe Community College with an AAS degree in Electronics Engineering in 1988. Mancuso began his music career playing guitar in Black Sheep. After the release of the band's self-titled \"Black Sheep\" and \"Encouraging Words,\" he continued to write and record with groups such as Cheater, Lou Gramm Band, Johnny Smoke, The Park Ave Band, Phil Naro and Celtic Fire. In 2004, Mancuso was asked to join his former Black Sheep bandmate (and former Foreigner frontman) Lou Gramm in his new Lou Gramm Band, which also included another Black Sheep alumnus, Bruce Turgon. The band plays old Foreigner hits as well as Lou Gramm Band material, and released a Christian rock release, for which Mancuso wrote half the music.", "Bruce Turgon Bruce Turgon (born 25 April 1952) is an American bass guitarist, guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and producer who has played in several bands throughout his career, including Foreigner, The Lou Gramm Band, Shadow King, Steve Stevens, Warrior, Black Sheep and Showcase. Turgon was born and raised in North Chili, New York, a suburb of Rochester, and near the hometown of future bandmate, singer Lou Gramm. A multi-instrumentalist, Turgon started playing in elementary school, and, after high school, became a member of Showcase, competing in the same market as the Gramm-fronted band Poor Heart. In late 1971, he and Gramm started the band Black Sheep, which built a regional following over the next two years. In 1974, the Gramm-Turgon written EP \" Stick Around\" was released on Chrysalis, which later led the group to be signed to Capitol. The band released two albums in 1974, and was poised for major success when a vehicle accident in 1975 damaged their equipment, which led to Black Sheep losing the support act slot for Kiss that year. Turgon then left New York for Los Angeles, eventually writing, recording and touring with artists like Billy Thorpe, Nick Gilder, Prism and Warrior as well as performing around the Los Angeles area with his own bands. In 1987, Turgon co-wrote the song \"My Way\" along with Paul Stanley and Desmond Child for the platinum Kiss album \"Crazy Nights\". Eventually, Turgon's long association with his friend Gramm led to the writing and recording of Gramm\u2019s first solo album \"Ready or Not\", yielding the hit single, \"Midnight Blue\". The album charted at number 27 in the United States. The single \"Midnight Blue\" was number one on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks.", "Black Sheep (rock band) Black Sheep was an Rochester, New York-based 1970s United States rock music band, was one of vocalist Lou Gramm's early working bands (it followed Poor Heart, which broke up c. 1970). The group, which had released the single \"Stick Around\" in 1974, the album \"Black Sheep\" in 1975, and the album \"Encouraging Words\" in late 1975, was no longer performing when Gramm was invited by Mick Jones to join the band Foreigner in 1976. Don Mancuso and Ron Rocco were later members of CHEATER, a local hard rock band from Rochester that released a 10-inch record entitled \"Ten Cent Love Affair\" in 1980 on Mallard Records. Black Sheep's bass player Bruce Turgon played on Lou Gramm's solo albums in the late 1980s (which also featured contributions from another Black Sheep alumnus, guitarist Don Mancuso) and joined Gramm in one of Foreigner's later incarnations, in 1992. Gramm continues to tour, fronting the Lou Gramm Band, whose lineup between 2004 and 2006 included former Black Sheep guitarist Don Mancuso (guitar/bass), along with Ben Gramm (drums), Richard Gramm (guitar), and Andy Knoll (keyboards).", "Lou Gramm Lou Gramm (born Louis Andrew Grammatico; May 2, 1950) is an American rock singer-songwriter, best known for being the original lead singer of the rock band Foreigner. Louis Andrew Grammatico was born on May 2, 1950, in Rochester, New York, the son of Nikki (nee Masetta), a singer, and Bennie Grammatico, a band leader and trumpeter. He attended Gates-Chili High School in Rochester, graduating with the class of 1968. Gramm became front man for the band Black Sheep. Black Sheep was the first American band signed to the Chrysalis label, which released their first single, \"Stick Around\" (1974). Soon after this initial bit of success, Black Sheep signed with Capitol Records, releasing two albums in succession: \"Black Sheep\" (1975) and \"Encouraging Words\" (late 1975). They were the opening act for Kiss when an icy accident with their equipment truck on the New York State Thruway suddenly ended the band's tour on Christmas Eve, 1975. Unable to support its albums with live performances, Black Sheep disbanded. A year earlier, Gramm met his future bandmate Mick Jones. Jones was in Rochester performing with the band Spooky Tooth, and Gramm had given Jones a copy of Black Sheep's first album (\"S/T\"). It was early in 1976, not long after Black Sheep's truck accident, when Jones, in search of a lead singer for a new band he was assembling, expressed his interest in Gramm and invited him to audition. Gramm traveled to New York to audition and got the job. Lou Grammatico then became Lou Gramm. The band, which was initially known as \"Trigger,\" was later renamed Foreigner.", "Shadow King (band) Shadow King was a hard rock supergroup. Formed by former Foreigner lead singer Lou Gramm, Def Leppard guitarist Vivian Campbell, Foreigner bass player Bruce Turgon, and drummer Kevin Valentine. Vivian Campbell and Bruce Turgon both also played with Lou Gramm as a solo artist previous to Shadow King, with Vivian playing on \"Long Hard Look\", and Bruce playing on \"Ready or Not\" and \"Long Hard Look\". They released a self-titled album in 1991. Although plans were made for a tour, they performed only once, at the Astoria Theatre in London, England, on December 13, 1991. Rick Seratte (Whitesnake, Foreigner, Poco, Rick Springfield) joined the band for this performance with backup vocals and playing keyboards. Shortly afterward, Vivian Campbell announced he was leaving Shadow King to join Def Leppard. Although replacements were considered, the band members eventually went their separate ways, with Gramm and Turgon rejoining Foreigner in 1992. Reportedly, Lou Gramm guested with Def Leppard on stage in 1992, shortly after Vivian Campbell joined Def Leppard. Shadow King only had one official studio release, their 1991 eponymous debut album. Although Gramm, Turgon, Campbell & Valentine contributed the song \"One Dream\" to the \"\" soundtrack in 1991, the track was officially credited to The Lou Gramm Band. Shadow King released their self-titled debut album on October 1, 1991 for Atlantic Records. The album was produced by Keith Olsen, who had previously worked with Gramm when he produced Foreigner's \"Double Vision\". The album produced only one single, \"I Want You\", as well as a music video for the song before they would disband the next year. All songs written by Lou Gramm and Bruce Turgon except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "Jones brought in a new lead singer, Johnny Edwards", "answer_start": 862}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Lou Gramm leave?", "answer": {"text": "late 1980s, Jones and Gramm each put out solo efforts on Atlantic.", "answer_start": 7, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he leave?", "answer": {"text": "solo efforts", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first solo album?", "answer": {"text": "Long Hard Look (October 1989),", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a second solo album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he first album have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64274963a789436db2af3b16af30c81a_1_q#0", "question": "How did the band INXS get started?", "rewrite": "How did the band INXS get started?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rock Star: INXS Rock Star: INXS is the first season of the reality television show \"Rock Star\" where 15 contestants competed to become the lead vocalist for the Australian rock band INXS. INXS enjoyed great popularity through the 1980s and early 1990s, but in 1997, frontman Michael Hutchence died. The band attempted to continue with alternative singers, but remained largely dormant until this show. The winner of the series, J. D. Fortune, was announced on Tuesday, September 20, 2005 and became the band's new lead singer. Following the series, on November 29, 2005, the band released the studio album \"Switch\" with J.D. Fortune on lead vocals. Contestants were housed in the Paramour Mansion, and squared off in a singing contest featuring well-known rock songs. Each week, viewers voted for their favorite contestant. The three contestants with the fewest votes performed an INXS song the following night. The members of the band then decided which contestant would be sent home, with lead guitarist Tim Farriss invoking the show's catchphrase \" you're just not right for our band, INXS\" to the departing contestant. The show originally appeared three nights a week on CBS. The format consisted of a half-hour behind-the-scenes episode on Monday, a one-hour performance episode on Tuesday and a half-hour elimination episode on Wednesday. However, on August 3, 2005, CBS announced the behind-the-scenes episode would move to Sunday nights on VH1 effective August 7, 2005 due to low ratings in the United States. As the show continued, the ratings improved. This prompted the expansion of the Wednesday results show to one hour for the duration of its run. The winner, J. D. Fortune, was announced on Tuesday, September 20, 2005.", "The Swing (INXS album) The Swing is Australian rock band INXS's fourth studio album, released in April 1984. It peaked at number one on the Kent Music Report Albums Chart for five non-consecutive weeks from early April to mid-May 1984. The lead single \"Original Sin\" was recorded in New York City with Nile Rodgers and featured Daryl Hall on backing vocals. Overall, the album featured a slightly harder-edged sound than their previous releases. By 1983 Australian rock band INXS attempted to expand their international profile with their fourth studio album, \"The Swing\". The Sydney-based group had formed in 1977 by three brothers Andrew on guitar and keyboards; Jon on percussion and drums; and Tim Farriss on guitar; together with Garry Gary Beers on bass guitar; Michael Hutchence on lead vocals; and Kirk Pengilly on guitar, saxophone, and vocals. In September 1983 the band travelled to New York City to work with Nile Rodgers as producer at his Power Station studio. It was the first time the group had recorded outside Australia and provided the album's lead single, \"Original Sin\" (December 1983). Rodgers asked Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates to guest on backing vocals for the chorus, Hall later recalled \"I don't know why because they're good singers, they didn't need me but I did it anyway\". All four singles were co-written by Andrew with Hutchence, while other album tracks were generally written with one or more additional band members. From December INXS were working with Nick Launay (Midnight Oil, Models) at The Manor Studio in Oxfordshire, to complete the rest of the album. A cassette extended play of remixes, \"Dekadance\", was also released in Australia.", "INXS (album) INXS is Australian rock band INXS's first album. It was released on Deluxe Records in Australia on 13 October 1980. The band recorded the album in midnight to dawn sessions during 1979 to 1980 after performing, on average, two gigs a day at local pubs around Sydney. All tracks were credited to band members, Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals). The album was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock). It spawned the single, \" Just Keep Walking\" (September 1980), which became their first Australian Top 40 hit. \"INXS\" peaked in the Top 30 of the related Kent Music Report Albums Chart. The album did not appear internationally until 1984. INXS released their first single, \"Simple Simon\", in May 1980. The single had its debut TV performance on \"Simon Townsend's Wonder World\". Their self-titled debut album, \"INXS\", was recorded at Trafalgar Studios in Annandale, Sydney , it was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock), with all songs attributed to the entire band. In 1977 INXS had formed with a line-up of Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals).", "INXS: Never Tear Us Apart INXS: Never Tear Us Apart is a two-part Australian miniseries about the rock band INXS and was originally telecast on 9 February 2014, and concluded on 16 February 2014, produced by Shine Australia and airing on the Seven Network. \"INXS: Never Tear Us Apart\" is based on the band's rise to stardom, and focuses on the events leading up to the death of its then-lead singer, Michael Hutchence, in November 1997. In the early 1980s in Perth, Western Australia, the Farriss Brothers are playing covers at a club with Michael Hutchence on vocals. They are eventually kicked out of the club and their current manager changes the band name to INXS after seeing an IXL commercial then seeing an X and an S then combined them. The cops start searching their house for drugs and find a half smoked roach. Other band members are Jon Farriss, Andrew Farriss, Garry Gary Beers, Kirk Pengilly, and Tim Farriss. They eventually sign on to a record label thanks to Chris Murphy who becomes their new manager. He eventually gets a U.S. tour for three months. Flashbacks show a younger Hutchence being bullied at school and joins the Farriss Brothers band as lead singer. Hutchence starts to date Michele Bennett. He breaks up with her then starts going out with Kylie Minogue. Murphy advises them to write an album full of singles where he has Hutchence and Andrew writing the songs. They write the single \"Need You Tonight\" and they call the album \"Kick\". Murphy sells the album without record label's consent. The album eventually becomes a hit. Hutchence breaks up with Minogue and begins dating supermodel Helena Christensen. While he and Christensen are out one night, he suffers a sucker punch to the face.", "Definitive INXS Definitive INXS is a two-CD compilation of Australian rock band INXS released in 2002. It has almost the same track listing as \"The Best of INXS\". The compilation features most of their hit singles, as well as two previously unreleased tracks, \"Salvation Jane\" and \"Tight\". \" Salvation Jane\" is an outtake taken from the \"X\" sessions in 1990. The 2002 remaster of \"X\" features the song's original demo. \"Tight\" was written by songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Andrew Farriss and recorded by the band during the sessions for \"Welcome to Wherever You Are\" in 1992. The song was reworked by the remaining members of INXS in 2002 after the death of vocalist Michael Hutchence in 1997. The compilation also features a cover of Steppenwolf's \"Born to Be Wild\", which was specially recorded for the April 1993 launch of Virgin Radio in the UK and was first included on the Japanese release of \"Full Moon, Dirty Hearts\". In his AllMusic review, writer Andy Kellman rated the compilation four stars out of five and compared \"Definitive INXS\" with other different double-disc INXS anthologies released that same year, calling \"Definitive INXS\" \"considerably different\" and highlighted the differences in both discs. He said, \"While it's nice to have the disc of videos, it's the type of thing that only hardcore fans - and not people who just want the hits - would care to have.\" He ended his review by saying, \"The saving grace is that Definitive INXS goes for the price of a single disc, but a band with too many key moments to fit onto one disc is deserving of better, like Shine Like It Does and The Years. \""], "answer": {"text": "with Andrew Farriss convincing his fellow Davidson High School classmate, Michael Hutchence, to join his band, Doctor Dolphin.", "answer_start": 30}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_64274963a789436db2af3b16af30c81a_1_q#1", "question": "Who else was in the band?", "rewrite": "Who else was in the band INXS, aside from Andrew Marriss and Michael Hutchence?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Michael Hutchence Michael Kelland John Hutchence (22 January 1960 \u2013 22 November 1997) was an Australian musician, singer-songwriter and actor who co-founded the rock band INXS, which sold over 60 million records worldwide and was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2001. Hutchence was the lead singer and lyricist of INXS from 1977 until his death. According to rock music historian Ian McFarlane, \"Hutchence was the archetypal rock showman. He exuded an overtly sexual, macho cool with his flowing locks, and lithe and exuberant stage movements. \" Hutchence was named 'Best International Artist' at the 1991 BRIT Awards, with INXS winning the related group award. Hutchence was a member of the short-lived pop rock group Max Q. He also recorded some solo material and acted in feature films, including \"Dogs in Space\" (1986), \"Frankenstein Unbound\" (1990), and \"Limp\" (1997). Hutchence had a string of love affairs with prominent actresses, models and singers, and his private life was often reported in the Australian and international press. In July 1996, Hutchence and English television presenter Paula Yates had a daughter, Heavenly Hiraani Tiger Lily. On the morning of 22 November 1997, Hutchence was found dead in his hotel room in Sydney. His death was reported by the New South Wales Coroner to be the result of suicide by hanging. Michael Kelland John Hutchence was born on 22 January 1960, to Sydney businessman Kelland (\"Kell\") Frank Hutchence (1924-2002) and make-up artist Patricia Glassop (n\u00e9e Kennedy). Kelland \u2019s parents were sea captain Frank Hutchence and Mabs from England who settled in Sydney in 1922.", "Mystify: Michael Hutchence Mystify: Michael Hutchence is a 2019 documentary film about the life of musician, actor and singer-songwriter Michael Hutchence, lead vocalist of the Australian rock band INXS. It is written and directed by Richard Lowenstein and relies primarily on rare archive footage, outtakes, private home video and audio commentary provided by friends, ex-partners, band members, record producers and family. An Australian-British venture, the film was co-produced by Ghost Pictures, Passion Pictures with Madman Entertainment and Dogwoof serving as distributors. It is in association with Baird Films and Film Victoria. \"Mystify: Michael Hutchence\" had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on 25 April 2019, and was theatrically released in Australia on 4 July 2019. The film is scheduled to be released in the United Kingdom on 18 October receiving generally positive reviews from critics. \"Mystify\" covers the life of INXS lead singer Michael Hutchence which features private home video and archive footage. It mentions an incident while bicycling on holiday in Copenhagen with girlfriend Helena Christensen, where Hutchence gets shoved to the ground by a taxi driver, hitting his head on the kerb losing consciousness. Included in the film are recollections with voice-overs by Kylie Minogue, Michele Bennett, from siblings Rhett and Tina Hutchence, stepmother Susie, producer Nick Launay, Bono and INXS band members, composer and keyboardist Andrew Farriss, guitarist Tim Farriss, bassist Garry Gary Beers and drummer Jon Farriss. Plans for a biographical drama film about Michael Hutchence were being developed with a script written by Australian film-maker Richard Lowenstein. Lowenstein had previously collaborated with Hutchence in \"Dogs in Space\" and INXS music videos.", "INXS (album) INXS is Australian rock band INXS's first album. It was released on Deluxe Records in Australia on 13 October 1980. The band recorded the album in midnight to dawn sessions during 1979 to 1980 after performing, on average, two gigs a day at local pubs around Sydney. All tracks were credited to band members, Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals). The album was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock). It spawned the single, \" Just Keep Walking\" (September 1980), which became their first Australian Top 40 hit. \"INXS\" peaked in the Top 30 of the related Kent Music Report Albums Chart. The album did not appear internationally until 1984. INXS released their first single, \"Simple Simon\", in May 1980. The single had its debut TV performance on \"Simon Townsend's Wonder World\". Their self-titled debut album, \"INXS\", was recorded at Trafalgar Studios in Annandale, Sydney , it was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock), with all songs attributed to the entire band. In 1977 INXS had formed with a line-up of Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals).", "INXS: Never Tear Us Apart INXS: Never Tear Us Apart is a two-part Australian miniseries about the rock band INXS and was originally telecast on 9 February 2014, and concluded on 16 February 2014, produced by Shine Australia and airing on the Seven Network. \"INXS: Never Tear Us Apart\" is based on the band's rise to stardom, and focuses on the events leading up to the death of its then-lead singer, Michael Hutchence, in November 1997. In the early 1980s in Perth, Western Australia, the Farriss Brothers are playing covers at a club with Michael Hutchence on vocals. They are eventually kicked out of the club and their current manager changes the band name to INXS after seeing an IXL commercial then seeing an X and an S then combined them. The cops start searching their house for drugs and find a half smoked roach. Other band members are Jon Farriss, Andrew Farriss, Garry Gary Beers, Kirk Pengilly, and Tim Farriss. They eventually sign on to a record label thanks to Chris Murphy who becomes their new manager. He eventually gets a U.S. tour for three months. Flashbacks show a younger Hutchence being bullied at school and joins the Farriss Brothers band as lead singer. Hutchence starts to date Michele Bennett. He breaks up with her then starts going out with Kylie Minogue. Murphy advises them to write an album full of singles where he has Hutchence and Andrew writing the songs. They write the single \"Need You Tonight\" and they call the album \"Kick\". Murphy sells the album without record label's consent. The album eventually becomes a hit. Hutchence breaks up with Minogue and begins dating supermodel Helena Christensen. While he and Christensen are out one night, he suffers a sucker punch to the face.", "Switch (INXS album) Switch is the eleventh studio album by the Australian rock band INXS, and their last to be composed of entirely new material. It was released on 29 November 2005. It is notable for being the only album with new lead singer J.D. Fortune since the 1997 death of Michael Hutchence as well as for having production work by English hit-maker Guy Chambers. The album received mixed critical reviews. The album's songwriting and quality from song to song was found to be inconsistent and varied by critics such as Matt Collar of \"Allmusic\". However, some reviewers also complimented frontman J.D. Fortune's singing as well as the inclusion of guest vocalists such as Suzie McNeil, who had starred with Fortune in the program \"\". INXS co-founder and original lead singer, Michael Hutchence, died on 22 November 1997, reportedly of suicide. The band went through numerous lead singers following Hutchence's death, and performed irregularly, including a showing at the 2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony alongside Men at Work. INXS were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 2001, as they faded out of the public spotlight. In 2005, the remaining members of INXS \u2013 Andrew Farriss, Garry Gary Beers, Tim Farriss, Kirk Pengilly, and Jon Farriss \u2013 joined forces with Mark Burnett to be the subjects of the first series of \"Rock Star\"; \"\". Tim Farriss told \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"after Michael died, we wanted to search the world for a new singer but didn't know how we could effectively do that ... By having Mark ... embrace the concept, we've now found a fantastic way to make that happen.\""], "answer": {"text": "The band contained two other classmates, Kent Kerny and Neil Sanders and a bass player, Garry Beers and Geoff Kennely,", "answer_start": 157}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band INXS get started?", "answer": {"text": "with Andrew Farriss convincing his fellow Davidson High School classmate, Michael Hutchence, to join his band, Doctor Dolphin.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64274963a789436db2af3b16af30c81a_1_q#2", "question": "Did the band tour?", "rewrite": "Did the band INXS tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Swing (INXS album) The Swing is Australian rock band INXS's fourth studio album, released in April 1984. It peaked at number one on the Kent Music Report Albums Chart for five non-consecutive weeks from early April to mid-May 1984. The lead single \"Original Sin\" was recorded in New York City with Nile Rodgers and featured Daryl Hall on backing vocals. Overall, the album featured a slightly harder-edged sound than their previous releases. By 1983 Australian rock band INXS attempted to expand their international profile with their fourth studio album, \"The Swing\". The Sydney-based group had formed in 1977 by three brothers Andrew on guitar and keyboards; Jon on percussion and drums; and Tim Farriss on guitar; together with Garry Gary Beers on bass guitar; Michael Hutchence on lead vocals; and Kirk Pengilly on guitar, saxophone, and vocals. In September 1983 the band travelled to New York City to work with Nile Rodgers as producer at his Power Station studio. It was the first time the group had recorded outside Australia and provided the album's lead single, \"Original Sin\" (December 1983). Rodgers asked Daryl Hall of Hall & Oates to guest on backing vocals for the chorus, Hall later recalled \"I don't know why because they're good singers, they didn't need me but I did it anyway\". All four singles were co-written by Andrew with Hutchence, while other album tracks were generally written with one or more additional band members. From December INXS were working with Nick Launay (Midnight Oil, Models) at The Manor Studio in Oxfordshire, to complete the rest of the album. A cassette extended play of remixes, \"Dekadance\", was also released in Australia.", "Three singles from the album were released over the next twelve months including the track \"Pretty Vegas\" which was co-written by Fortune and INXS's Andrew Farris, amongst others. The week of February 25, 2006, \"Pretty Vegas\" reached its highest charting at Number 7 on the Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks. On February 16, 2009, J.D. revealed in an interview with \"Entertainment Tonight Canada\" that INXS fired him from the band with a handshake at a Hong Kong airport. Fortune admitted to heavy cocaine use during the latest INXS tour and he acknowledged that his drug habit had likely contributed to INXS' decision. Fortune stated he had been off cocaine for the past 2 years and, at the time, he was living out of his car and had put all his remaining money into his solo album \"The Death of a Motivational Speaker\". Former INXS manager and now record company head Chris Murphy responded at the time by saying that Fortune had never been fired by the band, but that the band was reluctant to continue working with him because of the drug-use allegations. In 2010, Fortune performed with INXS several times. On February 24, 2010, Fortune performed with INXS at the Vancouver Olympics in a sold out performance. On July 10, 2010, INXS, fronted by Fortune, performed at an outdoor concert for an estimated 13,000 people at the 2010 Sucrogen Townsville 400 in Townsville, Australia. On July 16, 2010, JD fronted INXS at an outdoor concert at the Mangrove Resort in Broome, Western Australia. On September 1, 2010, Fortune performed with INXS before 17,000 attendees of VMware's 2010 VMWorld at the Moscone Center, San Francisco.", "INXS (album) INXS is Australian rock band INXS's first album. It was released on Deluxe Records in Australia on 13 October 1980. The band recorded the album in midnight to dawn sessions during 1979 to 1980 after performing, on average, two gigs a day at local pubs around Sydney. All tracks were credited to band members, Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals). The album was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock). It spawned the single, \" Just Keep Walking\" (September 1980), which became their first Australian Top 40 hit. \"INXS\" peaked in the Top 30 of the related Kent Music Report Albums Chart. The album did not appear internationally until 1984. INXS released their first single, \"Simple Simon\", in May 1980. The single had its debut TV performance on \"Simon Townsend's Wonder World\". Their self-titled debut album, \"INXS\", was recorded at Trafalgar Studios in Annandale, Sydney , it was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock), with all songs attributed to the entire band. In 1977 INXS had formed with a line-up of Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals).", "Welcome to Wherever You Are  Welcome to Wherever You Are is the eighth album by the Australian rock band INXS, which was released on 3 August 1992. With grunge and alternative music breaking into the mainstream, INXS tried to establish a new direction for itself, incorporating sitars, a 60-piece orchestra, and a much more \"raw\" sound to their music. In its four star review of the album, \"Q\" called it \"... a far more engaging and heartfelt collection than anything the group has put out in recent memory ... It rocks,\" and listed it as one of the 50 Best Albums of 1992. Ultimately, however, with lack of promotion by their label and the band not touring for the album (wanting a break), the record failed to match the success of INXS's two previous albums, \"Kick\" and \"X\". Though it still reached number-one in the UK, the band's popularity soon waned. While the single \"Baby Don't Cry\" was a Top 20 hit in the UK, the album's biggest American hit was \"Not Enough Time\", which reached No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart, and stayed there for five consecutive weeks. In 2002, a remastered version of the album was released that included five previously unreleased tracks. Following the release of their seventh studio album, \"X\", INXS staged a worldwide concert tour titled the X-Factor Tour. The ten-month tour began in October 1990 and consisted of four legs with a total of 121 shows being played. The 1990-91 tour proved successful, attracting 1.2 million fans across four continents. To coincide with the successful tour, INXS released their first live album, \"Live Baby Live\", a few months after the tour had finished. \"", "Definitive INXS Definitive INXS is a two-CD compilation of Australian rock band INXS released in 2002. It has almost the same track listing as \"The Best of INXS\". The compilation features most of their hit singles, as well as two previously unreleased tracks, \"Salvation Jane\" and \"Tight\". \" Salvation Jane\" is an outtake taken from the \"X\" sessions in 1990. The 2002 remaster of \"X\" features the song's original demo. \"Tight\" was written by songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Andrew Farriss and recorded by the band during the sessions for \"Welcome to Wherever You Are\" in 1992. The song was reworked by the remaining members of INXS in 2002 after the death of vocalist Michael Hutchence in 1997. The compilation also features a cover of Steppenwolf's \"Born to Be Wild\", which was specially recorded for the April 1993 launch of Virgin Radio in the UK and was first included on the Japanese release of \"Full Moon, Dirty Hearts\". In his AllMusic review, writer Andy Kellman rated the compilation four stars out of five and compared \"Definitive INXS\" with other different double-disc INXS anthologies released that same year, calling \"Definitive INXS\" \"considerably different\" and highlighted the differences in both discs. He said, \"While it's nice to have the disc of videos, it's the type of thing that only hardcore fans - and not people who just want the hits - would care to have.\" He ended his review by saying, \"The saving grace is that Definitive INXS goes for the price of a single disc, but a band with too many key moments to fit onto one disc is deserving of better, like Shine Like It Does and The Years. \""], "answer": {"text": "at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales", "answer_start": 408}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band INXS get started?", "answer": {"text": "with Andrew Farriss convincing his fellow Davidson High School classmate, Michael Hutchence, to join his band, Doctor Dolphin.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the band?", "answer": {"text": "The band contained two other classmates, Kent Kerny and Neil Sanders and a bass player, Garry Beers and Geoff Kennely,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64274963a789436db2af3b16af30c81a_1_q#3", "question": "When was that performance?", "rewrite": "When was the INXS performance at the Ocean Beach Hotel at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Morris advised that a member of the Oils crew had come up with a new name and suggested they change it to INXS. The name INXS was inspired by English band XTC and Australian jam makers IXL. Pengilly later explained that Morris was interested in turning the group into a Christian band, which the band briefly considered before rejecting the idea. The band's first performance as INXS was on 1 September 1979 at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales and by the end of 1979, after passing on the Christian band image, they hired Chris \"CM\" Murphy as their manager and continued taking on the Oz pub circuit. Murphy was an adept business manager and negotiator and by early 1980 the band had signed a five-album record deal with a Sydney independent label, Deluxe Records, run by Michael Browning, a former manager of AC/DC.", "Ettalong Beach, New South Wales Ettalong Beach is a suburb of the Central Coast region of New South Wales, Australia south of Woy Woy on Brisbane Water at the point where it meets Broken Bay, about 80 km north of Sydney. It is part of the local government area. Ettalong Beach is the natural eastward continuation of Umina Beach and Ocean Beach. The village is serviced by a small retail centre along Ocean View Road. The Mantra Ettalong Beach Resort (formerly operated by Outrigger) and Ettalong Beach War Memorial Club was completed in 2005. A \"Fast Ferry\" had been proposed from Ettalong to Circular Quay, Sydney. If it had been established, the service was expected to take only 40 minutes, compared to 1 hour 15 min for the train journey from neighbouring Woy Woy to Sydney. However, the company behind this idea became bankrupt in 2008, and the Fast Ferry Proposal was abandoned (http://www.peninsulanews.asn.au/News/08/0211/Released.asp). The ferry service was approved by Gosford City Council and remains with an active development consent so that a future operator could commence ferry services to Sydney. According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 4,793 people in Ettalong Beach. The Ettalong Beach retail centre is represented by the Peninsula Chamber of Commerce which is affiliated with the NSW Business Chamber. The Chamber successfully introduced the Peninsula Mainstreet Program in 1995 which instigated the heritage upgrade of the village centre. This led to the main street footpath paving and street landscaping which were undertaken through Gosford City Council's 1998 Financial Strategy resulting in the rejuvenation of the village. The main employers in the village are the Ettalong Beach Club, Mantra Resort, IGA Supermarket and Ettalong Beach Hotel.", "Umina Beach, New South Wales Umina Beach is a suburb within the local government area on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. By road, it is north of the Sydney CBD and south of the Newcastle CBD. Umina Beach is locally known on the Central Coast as being on 'The Peninsula' (or \u2018Woy Woy Peninsula'). A natural peninsula that includes the towns of Umina Beach, Woy Woy, Blackwall, Booker Bay and Ettalong Beach. The main street, West Street, is the retail centre of The Peninsula with key national brands represented through Coles, Woolworths, Aldi and Bunnings. The suburb of Umina Beach officially begins where Woy Woy and Blackwall end - at Veron Road and Gallipoli Avenue. Umina Beach is the most populated suburb on the Central Coast. Umina Beach has one unbroken sand shoreline that has been divided in name only: Umina Beach (south western section) and Ocean Beach (north eastern section). Both beaches have their own Surf Life Saving Club ( refer to Sports Clubs section). The only other type of shoreline is located at Umina Point (Mt Ettalong), a Hawkesbury Sandstone headland that adjoins the south western end of Umina Beach. Umina Beach is geographically located on the north side of Broken Bay at the river mouth of Hawkesbury River. The formation of Umina Beach and 'The Peninsula' is due to sand deposition that has been influenced by (and not limited to) climatic conditions, soil-binding flora, Hawkesbury Sandstone formations (e.g.; Box Head, Barrenjoey and Umina Point), wave patterns and tidal amplitude from the Tasman Sea, Hawkesbury River and Brisbane Water. The word \"Umina\" was derived from the Australian Aboriginal word meaning \"Place of sleep\".", "Australian Reptile Park The Australian Reptile Park is located at Somersby on the Central Coast, New South Wales in Australia. It is about (a one-hour drive) North of Sydney, and is just off the Sydney-Newcastle Freeway. The park is home to a variety of reptiles, including snakes, lizards, American alligators and crocodiles. In addition, it features Australian mammals such as wallaby, koala, platypus, wombat, bilby, kangaroo, cassowary, echidna, dingo and Tasmanian devil. The park is heavily involved in snake and spider venom collection for use in the production of Antivenom and is credited for saving the lives of thousands. It is an institutional member of the Zoo and Aquarium Association (ZAA). The park was founded by Eric Worrell in 1948 at the Ocean Beach Aquarium Umina Beach. In 1959, it was renamed the Australian Reptile Park and moved to Wyoming, north of Gosford. A second move occurred in September 1996, to Somersby, adjacent to Old Sydney Town. 1948 - Ocean Beach Aquarium operates at Umina Beach  1955 - Ocean Beach Aquarium contributes to production of first antivenene to Taipan envenomation 1959 - Australian Reptile Park commences at Wyoming 1962 - Reptile Park contributes to availability of a full range of antivenenes  1963 \u2013 'Ploddy' (originally named Dino), the dinosaur erected, the first of Australia's big icons 1968 - First noctarium in southern hemisphere opens 1970 - Eric Worrell receives MBE recognising his role in producing antivenenes  1972 \u2013 Captive breeding of Cassowaries  1985 - New paint job and revamped exhibits stimulates a boom in visitation, saving the Park 1986 -", "The Woy Woy and Umina district was home to the Guringai Australian Aboriginal tribe. This tribe stretched from the north side of Port Jackson, north through Pittwater, Broken Bay and Brisbane Water, to the southern end of Lake Macquarie. European entry to the region was first recorded in March 1788 when Governor Arthur Phillip landed with a party at Ettalong Beach. In June 1789, a more thorough investigation of Brisbane Water was conducted. A rest stop was made at Ettalong Beach before the group passed through 'The Rip' (a dangerous passage leading into Brisbane Water). On return, the party camped at Ettalong Beach before sailing to Dangar Island in the Hawkesbury River. The first land subdivision occurred in 1914 which led to the current commercial and residential centre. Umina Beach celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2014. Umina Beach is served by two public schools, Umina Public School (primary school) and Brisbane Water Secondary College(high school). Opened on 3 February 1956, Umina Public School's population approximates 800 students and 50 staff. It currently has 29 classes from kindergarten to year 6. Umina Beach town centre is represented by the Peninsula Chamber of Commerce which is affiliated with the NSW Business Chamber. The town centre is serviced by Woolworths, Coles, Bunnings Hardware, Aldi Supermarkets and McDonald's, along with a number of local shops, takeaway restaurants and cafe. The town is also serviced by a number of medical and specialist practices, the Umina branch of the Central Coast Library, and two service stations. Umina Beach is well serviced by regular bus services (Busways) with connections to Woy Woy Rail Station and Gosford. The town centre is easily accessed with an efficient grid system of connecting roads with primary access from Ocean Beach Road, West Street and Barrenjoey Road."], "answer": {"text": "1 September 1979", "answer_start": 391}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band INXS get started?", "answer": {"text": "with Andrew Farriss convincing his fellow Davidson High School classmate, Michael Hutchence, to join his band, Doctor Dolphin.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the band?", "answer": {"text": "The band contained two other classmates, Kent Kerny and Neil Sanders and a bass player, Garry Beers and Geoff Kennely,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_64274963a789436db2af3b16af30c81a_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article, besides the 1 September 1979 performance at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Morris advised that a member of the Oils crew had come up with a new name and suggested they change it to INXS. The name INXS was inspired by English band XTC and Australian jam makers IXL. Pengilly later explained that Morris was interested in turning the group into a Christian band, which the band briefly considered before rejecting the idea. The band's first performance as INXS was on 1 September 1979 at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales and by the end of 1979, after passing on the Christian band image, they hired Chris \"CM\" Murphy as their manager and continued taking on the Oz pub circuit. Murphy was an adept business manager and negotiator and by early 1980 the band had signed a five-album record deal with a Sydney independent label, Deluxe Records, run by Michael Browning, a former manager of AC/DC.", "The Woy Woy and Umina district was home to the Guringai Australian Aboriginal tribe. This tribe stretched from the north side of Port Jackson, north through Pittwater, Broken Bay and Brisbane Water, to the southern end of Lake Macquarie. European entry to the region was first recorded in March 1788 when Governor Arthur Phillip landed with a party at Ettalong Beach. In June 1789, a more thorough investigation of Brisbane Water was conducted. A rest stop was made at Ettalong Beach before the group passed through 'The Rip' (a dangerous passage leading into Brisbane Water). On return, the party camped at Ettalong Beach before sailing to Dangar Island in the Hawkesbury River. The first land subdivision occurred in 1914 which led to the current commercial and residential centre. Umina Beach celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2014. Umina Beach is served by two public schools, Umina Public School (primary school) and Brisbane Water Secondary College(high school). Opened on 3 February 1956, Umina Public School's population approximates 800 students and 50 staff. It currently has 29 classes from kindergarten to year 6. Umina Beach town centre is represented by the Peninsula Chamber of Commerce which is affiliated with the NSW Business Chamber. The town centre is serviced by Woolworths, Coles, Bunnings Hardware, Aldi Supermarkets and McDonald's, along with a number of local shops, takeaway restaurants and cafe. The town is also serviced by a number of medical and specialist practices, the Umina branch of the Central Coast Library, and two service stations. Umina Beach is well serviced by regular bus services (Busways) with connections to Woy Woy Rail Station and Gosford. The town centre is easily accessed with an efficient grid system of connecting roads with primary access from Ocean Beach Road, West Street and Barrenjoey Road.", "Australian Reptile Park The Australian Reptile Park is located at Somersby on the Central Coast, New South Wales in Australia. It is about (a one-hour drive) North of Sydney, and is just off the Sydney-Newcastle Freeway. The park is home to a variety of reptiles, including snakes, lizards, American alligators and crocodiles. In addition, it features Australian mammals such as wallaby, koala, platypus, wombat, bilby, kangaroo, cassowary, echidna, dingo and Tasmanian devil. The park is heavily involved in snake and spider venom collection for use in the production of Antivenom and is credited for saving the lives of thousands. It is an institutional member of the Zoo and Aquarium Association (ZAA). The park was founded by Eric Worrell in 1948 at the Ocean Beach Aquarium Umina Beach. In 1959, it was renamed the Australian Reptile Park and moved to Wyoming, north of Gosford. A second move occurred in September 1996, to Somersby, adjacent to Old Sydney Town. 1948 - Ocean Beach Aquarium operates at Umina Beach  1955 - Ocean Beach Aquarium contributes to production of first antivenene to Taipan envenomation 1959 - Australian Reptile Park commences at Wyoming 1962 - Reptile Park contributes to availability of a full range of antivenenes  1963 \u2013 'Ploddy' (originally named Dino), the dinosaur erected, the first of Australia's big icons 1968 - First noctarium in southern hemisphere opens 1970 - Eric Worrell receives MBE recognising his role in producing antivenenes  1972 \u2013 Captive breeding of Cassowaries  1985 - New paint job and revamped exhibits stimulates a boom in visitation, saving the Park 1986 -", "Umina Beach, New South Wales Umina Beach is a suburb within the local government area on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia. By road, it is north of the Sydney CBD and south of the Newcastle CBD. Umina Beach is locally known on the Central Coast as being on 'The Peninsula' (or \u2018Woy Woy Peninsula'). A natural peninsula that includes the towns of Umina Beach, Woy Woy, Blackwall, Booker Bay and Ettalong Beach. The main street, West Street, is the retail centre of The Peninsula with key national brands represented through Coles, Woolworths, Aldi and Bunnings. The suburb of Umina Beach officially begins where Woy Woy and Blackwall end - at Veron Road and Gallipoli Avenue. Umina Beach is the most populated suburb on the Central Coast. Umina Beach has one unbroken sand shoreline that has been divided in name only: Umina Beach (south western section) and Ocean Beach (north eastern section). Both beaches have their own Surf Life Saving Club ( refer to Sports Clubs section). The only other type of shoreline is located at Umina Point (Mt Ettalong), a Hawkesbury Sandstone headland that adjoins the south western end of Umina Beach. Umina Beach is geographically located on the north side of Broken Bay at the river mouth of Hawkesbury River. The formation of Umina Beach and 'The Peninsula' is due to sand deposition that has been influenced by (and not limited to) climatic conditions, soil-binding flora, Hawkesbury Sandstone formations (e.g.; Box Head, Barrenjoey and Umina Point), wave patterns and tidal amplitude from the Tasman Sea, Hawkesbury River and Brisbane Water. The word \"Umina\" was derived from the Australian Aboriginal word meaning \"Place of sleep\".", "The community has actively opposed chain businesses opening in Ocean Beach, and only a few exist there. In the 1970s, community protests led a chain of donut stores to drop its plans to open a store in O.B. In 2000 an Exxon station abandoned its attempt to open a gas station there. In 2001, an organized grassroots effort attempted unsuccessfully to block Starbucks from opening a coffee shop in Ocean Beach. Ocean Beach is the site of a historic single-screen movie house; The Strand Theatre, which opened in November 1925. In the late 1970s, the Strand survived with midnight showings of The Rocky Horror Picture Show on Friday and Saturday nights. By the early 1980s it was running pornographic films. Community reaction forced it to change back to regular films. It closed in the 1990s and was converted into a clothing store after several failed attempts to preserve it as a theater. The theater was designated a historic building by the San Diego Historical Resources Board in December 2002. Residents of Ocean Beach often refer to themselves as \"OBceans\" or \"OBecians,\" which is pronounced \"oh-BEE-shun\" (although the proper spelling is a matter of dispute). Ocean Beach has two schools: Ocean Beach Elementary (a K-4 public school) and Warren-Walker (a K-8 private school). The community also features multiple churches, a public library, a U.S. post office, and a vegetarian food co-op. Recreational facilities include the Ocean Beach Recreation Center, Dusty Rhodes Park, and the Robb Field athletic fields and skate park. Local organizations include the Ocean Beach Town Council, the Ocean Beach Mainstreet Association, a Kiwanis club, and the Ocean Beach Historical Society. The Ocean Beach Planning Board advises the city regarding growth and development."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band INXS get started?", "answer": {"text": "with Andrew Farriss convincing his fellow Davidson High School classmate, Michael Hutchence, to join his band, Doctor Dolphin.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the band?", "answer": {"text": "The band contained two other classmates, Kent Kerny and Neil Sanders and a bass player, Garry Beers and Geoff Kennely,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was that performance?", "answer": {"text": "1 September 1979", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_64274963a789436db2af3b16af30c81a_1_q#5", "question": "When did they release their first album?", "rewrite": "When did INXS release their first album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kirk Pengilly Kirk Pengilly (\"pen-GILL-ee\") (born 4 July 1958) is an Australian musician and member of the Australian rock group :INXS. Kirk plays saxophone, guitar and also performs as a backing vocalist. Pengilly moved to Sydney in 1966, and became best friends with fellow band member Tim Farriss with whom he attended Forest High School. Their first band \"Guinness\", formed in 1971, was a high school band in which Pengilly was the principal songwriter and lead singer.. The band included American David Stewart on pedal-steel guitar and Malcolm Walker on drums, and was named after bass player Steve Spencer's dog. Guinness played a style of music inspired by bands like Yes, Pink Floyd, Emerson Lake and Palmer and Gentle Giant on one hand, and country rockers like Bruce Springsteen and Jimmy Buffett on the other. Mixing country rock and the concert style of rock music worked well for a while, and the band enjoyed some success on Sydney's Northern Beaches and Sydney city venues like Chequers, Frenchs and others. But the music was not really commercial and the band struggled to gain a steady following. In late 1976, the group disbanded when David Stewart returned to America. Malcolm played in the club scene with a number of bands, while Steven embarked upon a career as a sound technician in the UK. But when The Farriss Brothers formed in 1977, Pengilly gave up the main vocalist responsibilities to Michael Hutchence. As principal backing vocalist, saxophonist and guitarist, he contributes to a great deal of the music that INXS release. He has written, produced and performed numerous b-sides. Pengilly was also the creator of the rare \"Happy Christmas\" record sent to early 1980s fanclub members in Australia and the United States. His main instrument though is the guitar.", "Al Khulaifat Al Khulaifat (; also spelled Al Khalifat) is a district in Qatar, located in the municipality of Ad Dawhah. Al Khulaifat borders the following districts: In order to capitalize on Al Khulaifat's close proximity to the Doha International Airport, one of Qatar's first and most important hotels was constructed in the district in 1965 under the name Oasis Hotel. This hotel would serve as the quarters of international diplomats and members of government during their visits to Doha. It thus played an important role in facilitating Qatar's earliest relations with foreign powers. Additionally, the Beach Club and the Doha Sailing Association had their headquarters behind the hotel, on the waterfront. At the time of Qatar's independence in 1971, Oasis Hotel was one of the country's two hotels and the Doha Sailing Club was one of the two main clubs whose membership consisted mainly of Western expats. In the later 20th century, these two clubs relocated outside the district, and in the early 2000s, the Oasis Hotel was closed.", "INXS (album) INXS is Australian rock band INXS's first album. It was released on Deluxe Records in Australia on 13 October 1980. The band recorded the album in midnight to dawn sessions during 1979 to 1980 after performing, on average, two gigs a day at local pubs around Sydney. All tracks were credited to band members, Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals). The album was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock). It spawned the single, \" Just Keep Walking\" (September 1980), which became their first Australian Top 40 hit. \"INXS\" peaked in the Top 30 of the related Kent Music Report Albums Chart. The album did not appear internationally until 1984. INXS released their first single, \"Simple Simon\", in May 1980. The single had its debut TV performance on \"Simon Townsend's Wonder World\". Their self-titled debut album, \"INXS\", was recorded at Trafalgar Studios in Annandale, Sydney , it was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock), with all songs attributed to the entire band. In 1977 INXS had formed with a line-up of Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals).", "Three singles from the album were released over the next twelve months including the track \"Pretty Vegas\" which was co-written by Fortune and INXS's Andrew Farris, amongst others. The week of February 25, 2006, \"Pretty Vegas\" reached its highest charting at Number 7 on the Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks. On February 16, 2009, J.D. revealed in an interview with \"Entertainment Tonight Canada\" that INXS fired him from the band with a handshake at a Hong Kong airport. Fortune admitted to heavy cocaine use during the latest INXS tour and he acknowledged that his drug habit had likely contributed to INXS' decision. Fortune stated he had been off cocaine for the past 2 years and, at the time, he was living out of his car and had put all his remaining money into his solo album \"The Death of a Motivational Speaker\". Former INXS manager and now record company head Chris Murphy responded at the time by saying that Fortune had never been fired by the band, but that the band was reluctant to continue working with him because of the drug-use allegations. In 2010, Fortune performed with INXS several times. On February 24, 2010, Fortune performed with INXS at the Vancouver Olympics in a sold out performance. On July 10, 2010, INXS, fronted by Fortune, performed at an outdoor concert for an estimated 13,000 people at the 2010 Sucrogen Townsville 400 in Townsville, Australia. On July 16, 2010, JD fronted INXS at an outdoor concert at the Mangrove Resort in Broome, Western Australia. On September 1, 2010, Fortune performed with INXS before 17,000 attendees of VMware's 2010 VMWorld at the Moscone Center, San Francisco.", "On September 25, 2010, INXS and Fortune headlined the pre-match entertainment at the AFL Grand Final Event in Melbourne, Australia. During a radio interview prior to the performance in Broome, Western Australia, Kirk Pengilly confirmed that Fortune is a permanent member of INXS. On September 29, 2010 INXS announced an Australian tour for early 2011. The tour, with JD Fortune, included eight performances across Australia from January 25, 2011 to February 12, 2011. This was followed by three performances in South America: Buenos Aires, Argentina, Santiago, Chile and Iquique, Chile in February 2011. JD Fortune and INXS returned to Canada for a performance at the Sound Academy in Toronto Ontario on March 2, 2011. On October 19, 2010 INXS released the single \"The Stairs\", featuring JD Fortune (the original version of \"The Stairs\" had appeared on INXS' 1990 album, \"X\") on iTunes Canada. This tune was followed by the November 2010 release of an album of primarily previously released songs as performed by a number of artists. The album, \"Original Sin\", was released in Australia and Canada. A bonus track, \"Love Is\" with J.D. Fortune was released in Australia through iTunes. In 2011, INXS with J.D. Fortune completed shows in Australia, England, Portugal, South America, Canada and the United States. In September 2011, J.D. Fortune and INXS announced that they had mutually agreed to go their own separate ways and pursue different artistic projects. Later Fortune said, \"I had no idea I had left INXS the second time to be honest with you. I woke up August 18 and I had to find out from their web site, which, to this day, I still find bizarre.\""], "answer": {"text": "by early 1980 the band had signed a five-album record deal", "answer_start": 695}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band INXS get started?", "answer": {"text": "with Andrew Farriss convincing his fellow Davidson High School classmate, Michael Hutchence, to join his band, Doctor Dolphin.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the band?", "answer": {"text": "The band contained two other classmates, Kent Kerny and Neil Sanders and a bass player, Garry Beers and Geoff Kennely,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was that performance?", "answer": {"text": "1 September 1979", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64274963a789436db2af3b16af30c81a_1_q#6", "question": "What was the name of their first album?", "rewrite": "What was the name of INXS's first album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On September 25, 2010, INXS and Fortune headlined the pre-match entertainment at the AFL Grand Final Event in Melbourne, Australia. During a radio interview prior to the performance in Broome, Western Australia, Kirk Pengilly confirmed that Fortune is a permanent member of INXS. On September 29, 2010 INXS announced an Australian tour for early 2011. The tour, with JD Fortune, included eight performances across Australia from January 25, 2011 to February 12, 2011. This was followed by three performances in South America: Buenos Aires, Argentina, Santiago, Chile and Iquique, Chile in February 2011. JD Fortune and INXS returned to Canada for a performance at the Sound Academy in Toronto Ontario on March 2, 2011. On October 19, 2010 INXS released the single \"The Stairs\", featuring JD Fortune (the original version of \"The Stairs\" had appeared on INXS' 1990 album, \"X\") on iTunes Canada. This tune was followed by the November 2010 release of an album of primarily previously released songs as performed by a number of artists. The album, \"Original Sin\", was released in Australia and Canada. A bonus track, \"Love Is\" with J.D. Fortune was released in Australia through iTunes. In 2011, INXS with J.D. Fortune completed shows in Australia, England, Portugal, South America, Canada and the United States. In September 2011, J.D. Fortune and INXS announced that they had mutually agreed to go their own separate ways and pursue different artistic projects. Later Fortune said, \"I had no idea I had left INXS the second time to be honest with you. I woke up August 18 and I had to find out from their web site, which, to this day, I still find bizarre.\"", "Definitive INXS Definitive INXS is a two-CD compilation of Australian rock band INXS released in 2002. It has almost the same track listing as \"The Best of INXS\". The compilation features most of their hit singles, as well as two previously unreleased tracks, \"Salvation Jane\" and \"Tight\". \" Salvation Jane\" is an outtake taken from the \"X\" sessions in 1990. The 2002 remaster of \"X\" features the song's original demo. \"Tight\" was written by songwriter and multi-instrumentalist Andrew Farriss and recorded by the band during the sessions for \"Welcome to Wherever You Are\" in 1992. The song was reworked by the remaining members of INXS in 2002 after the death of vocalist Michael Hutchence in 1997. The compilation also features a cover of Steppenwolf's \"Born to Be Wild\", which was specially recorded for the April 1993 launch of Virgin Radio in the UK and was first included on the Japanese release of \"Full Moon, Dirty Hearts\". In his AllMusic review, writer Andy Kellman rated the compilation four stars out of five and compared \"Definitive INXS\" with other different double-disc INXS anthologies released that same year, calling \"Definitive INXS\" \"considerably different\" and highlighted the differences in both discs. He said, \"While it's nice to have the disc of videos, it's the type of thing that only hardcore fans - and not people who just want the hits - would care to have.\" He ended his review by saying, \"The saving grace is that Definitive INXS goes for the price of a single disc, but a band with too many key moments to fit onto one disc is deserving of better, like Shine Like It Does and The Years. \"", "INXS (album) INXS is Australian rock band INXS's first album. It was released on Deluxe Records in Australia on 13 October 1980. The band recorded the album in midnight to dawn sessions during 1979 to 1980 after performing, on average, two gigs a day at local pubs around Sydney. All tracks were credited to band members, Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals). The album was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock). It spawned the single, \" Just Keep Walking\" (September 1980), which became their first Australian Top 40 hit. \"INXS\" peaked in the Top 30 of the related Kent Music Report Albums Chart. The album did not appear internationally until 1984. INXS released their first single, \"Simple Simon\", in May 1980. The single had its debut TV performance on \"Simon Townsend's Wonder World\". Their self-titled debut album, \"INXS\", was recorded at Trafalgar Studios in Annandale, Sydney , it was co-produced by the band and Duncan McGuire (ex-Ayers Rock), with all songs attributed to the entire band. In 1977 INXS had formed with a line-up of Garry Gary Beers (bass guitar and double bass); brothers Andrew (keyboards and guitar), Jon (drums, keyboards) and Tim Farriss (lead guitar); Michael Hutchence (lead vocals); and Kirk Pengilly (guitar, saxophone and backing vocals).", "Additional musicians for QED\u2019s first album, \"Animal Magic\", included keyboardist Amanda Vincent (Eurogliders, later joined the Jenny Morris band), drummer Steve Fearnly, saxophonist Tony Buchanan, and Fataar on drums. EMI released it in November, but sales remained low and the album did not chart. QED only released one album and disbanded by 1985 , Morris continued session and touring work with other artists, Belton went on to Mondo Rock, and Goh to Eurogliders. Morris recorded a duet with INXS lead singer, Michael Hutchence, on a cover of Nancy Sinatra and Lee Hazlewood's hit \"Jackson\", it was included as a bonus track on the April 1984 (cassette only) INXS EP, \"Dekadance\", which reached number two on the charts. Morris and INXS performed \"Jackson\" live at the 1984 \"Countdown\" Music and Video Awards held on 19 May 1985. At Murphy's suggestion she teamed with INXS as a backing singer on their 1985 Australian tour\u2014originally just for a few weeks\u2014and stayed on for eighteen months on their 1985\u20131986 Listen Like Thieves World Tour. Morris recorded and, in November 1985, released her first single for Warner Entertainment Australia (WEA), \" Get Some Humour\", with a contribution from Dave Dobbyn, which reached the top 100. During the US leg of the Listen Like Thieves World Tour, in January 1986, Morris recorded \"You're Gonna Get Hurt\", which was written and produced by INXS songwriter and keyboardist, Andrew Farriss. Recorded with backing from INXS' Andrew and Jon Farriss and Garry Gary Beers, together with guitarist Ian Moss (ex-Cold Chisel), it was released in September and peaked at number 24.", "Three singles from the album were released over the next twelve months including the track \"Pretty Vegas\" which was co-written by Fortune and INXS's Andrew Farris, amongst others. The week of February 25, 2006, \"Pretty Vegas\" reached its highest charting at Number 7 on the Billboard Hot Adult Top 40 Tracks. On February 16, 2009, J.D. revealed in an interview with \"Entertainment Tonight Canada\" that INXS fired him from the band with a handshake at a Hong Kong airport. Fortune admitted to heavy cocaine use during the latest INXS tour and he acknowledged that his drug habit had likely contributed to INXS' decision. Fortune stated he had been off cocaine for the past 2 years and, at the time, he was living out of his car and had put all his remaining money into his solo album \"The Death of a Motivational Speaker\". Former INXS manager and now record company head Chris Murphy responded at the time by saying that Fortune had never been fired by the band, but that the band was reluctant to continue working with him because of the drug-use allegations. In 2010, Fortune performed with INXS several times. On February 24, 2010, Fortune performed with INXS at the Vancouver Olympics in a sold out performance. On July 10, 2010, INXS, fronted by Fortune, performed at an outdoor concert for an estimated 13,000 people at the 2010 Sucrogen Townsville 400 in Townsville, Australia. On July 16, 2010, JD fronted INXS at an outdoor concert at the Mangrove Resort in Broome, Western Australia. On September 1, 2010, Fortune performed with INXS before 17,000 attendees of VMware's 2010 VMWorld at the Moscone Center, San Francisco."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band INXS get started?", "answer": {"text": "with Andrew Farriss convincing his fellow Davidson High School classmate, Michael Hutchence, to join his band, Doctor Dolphin.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the band?", "answer": {"text": "The band contained two other classmates, Kent Kerny and Neil Sanders and a bass player, Garry Beers and Geoff Kennely,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ocean Beach Hotel in Umina on the Central Coast of New South Wales", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was that performance?", "answer": {"text": "1 September 1979", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they release their first album?", "answer": {"text": "by early 1980 the band had signed a five-album record deal", "answer_start": 695, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2fe9c8aad2704cd9b69f484d75ef8870_1_q#0", "question": "How old was Hell when he started playing music?", "rewrite": "How old was Hell when he started playing music?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Playing music by Led Zeppelin: Playing music by Bob Marley: Playing music by Metallica: Playing music by Oasis: Playing music by One Direction: Playing music by the Pet Shop Boys: Playing music by Pink Floyd: Playing music by Queen: Playing music by The Ramones  Playing music by The Rolling Stones: Playing music by The Smiths: Playing music by Siouxsie and The Banshees: Playing music by Styx:  Playing music by George Strait Playing music by Sublime: Playing music by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers: Playing music by The Who  Playing music by Frank Zappa: Some groups have played and recorded music that parodies a specific artist or band, either by performing the original songs with modified lyrics or doing more general stylistic parodies. Examples include The Rutles and Zombeatles (for The Beatles), Beatallica (for The Beatles and Metallica), Take Fat (for Take That), 2 Live Jews (for 2 Live Crew) and The Pizza Underground (for The Velvet Underground). They Might Be Giants has occasionally played their own tribute band, opening for themselves as \"Sapphire Bullets\" and performing the album Flood from start to finish.", "John Hemmingham John Hemmingham (born 26 February 1963) is an association football supporter and football administrator from Sheffield, England. He is best known as the leader and trumpet player of the Pukka Pies England Band. Hemmingham first started playing music at football in 1993 with Sheffield Wednesday fans. In 1996, he was invited to play at England national football team matches. He has since played at other sporting events including the Olympics and boxing matches. Hemmingham also works in football administration. He started in 2001 as the chief executive of The Owls Trust until a dispute with the Sheffield Wednesday chairman caused him to resign in 2004. Hemmingham then went on to work at other football clubs, including Leeds United and Mansfield Town before taking a position at Sheffield Wednesday after his relations improved with them. He also married in 2007. Hemmingham started playing music at football matches in 1993 when he took a bugle to a Sheffield Wednesday match away at Everton's Goodison Park and played the fanfare to Aida. The action was noticed by local newspapers and after a phone call to Hemmingham from Sheffield Wednesday manager, Trevor Francis, Sheffield Wednesday then hired Hemmingham and group of Sheffield Wednesday supporters to form an official club band which became known as the \"\"Kop Band\"\". Although the band became popular, Hemmingham and the Kop Band have been banned from Steel City derby rivals Sheffield United's stadium, Bramall Lane a number of times. In 2002, they were banned from Bramall Lane because Sheffield United were concerned that playing music might lead to \"unsafe crowd movement\" and \"unacceptable structural movement\" by Sheffield United's safety officer. In 2007, they were also banned because it was claimed by Sheffield United officials that playing music might cause structural damage to the stands to which, Hemmingham led criticism of it calling the ban \"laughable\".", "Stevens is the daughter of Phil Stevens, who co-founded Jarrah Records with both the John Butler Trio and The Waifs, two bands that he also manages. Biondillo has explained, \"I started playing guitar when I was in high school, about year 8 or 9, but it was mostly just playing music in my bedroom. So I did that until I met Jordi and then we started jamming together.\" In late 2009, Davieson, Stevens, and Biondillo started playing music together and were later joined by bass guitarist Gardner. Initially called \"King George\", the band changed its name to \"San Cisco\" after surveying friends and fans. According to the band, \"there is no link between the city San Francisco and our name San Cisco. ... The reason we went with San Cisco was because it is nothing; like a blank canvas which we were able to sculpt into whatever we wanted\". In late 2010, San Cisco recorded its debut EP \"Golden Revolver\" in Perth, Western Australia at Blackbird Studios. The EP's five songs were co-produced by Little Birdy drummer Matt Chequer and veteran engineer/producer Steven Schram (Little Birdy, The Waifs, Cat Empire, Little Red). \" Golden Revolver\", the EP's critically acclaimed lead single, received heavy airplay on national Australian radio station Triple J. XFM London DJ Mike Walsh said of \"Golden Revolver\": \"If this song was brought to me as the next Vampire Weekend single, I would not be disappointed\". The music video for \"Golden Revolver\" shows the band sailing along Western Australia's Margaret River on a makeshift boat. The group's second single \"Girls Do Cry\" and a cover of Perth band Tame Impala's 2010 single \"Solitude is Bliss\" are also featured on the EP.", "In May 2016, comedy impressionist and musician Stevie Riks vocals on his take of David Bowie singing \"My Way\" \u2013 Bowie's attempt to write the song for Frank Sinatra and re-creating it on \"Life on Mars?\" \u2013 were featured around the world \u2013 on the air, online and in print \u2013 by newspapers and trade magazines including \"Rolling Stone\", \"NME\" and \"Billboard\". The confusion caused in the music world began with Riks' vocals being replaced by pictures of Bowie on a YouTube video by an unknown source, credited as Bowie's \"newly discovered, unreleased music\" and had to be subsequently retracted by the media outlets. Tribute acts are not always welcomed by the original acts they are patterned after. In April 2009, Bon Jovi sued the Los Angeles-based all-female tribute Blonde Jovi for copyright infringement. After temporarily using the name Blonde Jersey, the band reverted to Blonde Jovi before disbanding in February 2010. In 2012 the first ever television show dedicated to tribute bands called \"The Tribute Show\" made its debut on Australian cable channel Aurora Community Channel (channel 183) on Foxtel in Australia. The show is still currently on air. In 2013 through 2017, a television series titled \"The World's Greatest Tribute Bands\" appeared on American cable television network AXS TV. Some notable tribute acts include (alphabetically by covered act, and alphabetically for each): Playing music by ABBA: Playing music by AC/DC:   Playing music by Aerosmith: Playing music by Animetal: Playing music by The Band: Playing music by The Beatles: Playing music by Bj\u00f6rk: Playing music by Black Sabbath: Playing music by Bob Dylan: Playing music by The Cure: Playing music by Duran Duran: Playing music by Genesis: Playing music by The Grateful Dead: Playing music by Iron Maiden: Playing music by KISS:", "In 1993, Brian Weitz moved from Philadelphia to Baltimore County and began attending Park as well, becoming friends with Portner. According to Lennox, they attended \"progressive\" schools that emphasized creativity, imagination and artistic self-expression as part of \"a complete kind of education\". Weitz and Portner started playing music together at the age of fifteen because of their shared love of the band Pavement and horror movies. Their musical range included cover songs by Pavement and The Cure as well as the songs \"Poison\" by Bell Biv DeVoe and \"Seasons In The Sun\" by Terry Jacks. When Portner and Weitz met Dibb later in high school, they started an indie rock band called Automine with schoolmates Brendan Fowler (a.k.a. BARR) and David Shpritz, being the only ones they knew who wrote their own songs. \"We [once] set up a show with four bands\u2014bands that were different formations of us\", Portner remembered in an interview with \"Baltimore City Paper\". At that time, the group did not have any contact to the music scene in Baltimore and \"was more about the back porch. \" In 1995, Automine self-released their first and only record, the 7-inch-single \"Paddington Band\". Around that time, they also had their first experiences with psychedelic drugs like LSD and started to improvise while playing music. The four started to discover psychedelic and experimental music like Noggin, as well as krautrock-related bands such as Silver Apples and Can. Meanwhile, Dibb had introduced Lennox to Portner and Weitz, and the four of them began playing music in different group lineups (and often solo), producing several home recordings and swapping them and sharing ideas."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2fe9c8aad2704cd9b69f484d75ef8870_1_q#1", "question": "How did he begin his music career?", "rewrite": "How did Hell begin his music career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Great North Run Cultural Programme The Great North Run Cultural Programme, now known as Great North Run Culture, is an annual series of artistic commissions which celebrate and respond to the Great North Run - the world's largest half-marathon - its history and route, its spirit and recollection, the thousands of journeys and stories of those who take part. Established in 2005 to celebrate the twenty fifth Great North Run, Great North Run Culture explores the partnership between art and sport. Commissions have included film, photography, music, dance, painting, drawing, writing and mass participation projects. New work has been created by artists and creative practitioners including Jane and Louise Wilson, Michael Nyman, Fiona Banner, Bill Bryson, David Almond, Julian Germain, Graham Dolphin, Neville Campbell, Michael Baig-Clifford and Ravi Deepres, Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard, Suky Best, James Edwards, Stephen Gill and Beat Streuli. To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Great North Run and to create a legacy from the first Cultural Programme film by Jane and Louise Wilson, an annual Moving Image Commission was launched, awarding an artist of film-maker \u00a330,000 to create a new piece of work based on the Great North Run. The films are premiered in North East England in September as part of the Great North Run Cultural Programme, with an extract screened on the BBC as part of their live coverage of the Great North Run. There are plans to tour all of the works nationally and internationally from the end of 2008. Previous Moving Image Commission Awards  2006 : \"Runner\" by Michael Baig-Clifford and Ravi Deepres  Selected by: artist Louise Wilson; Steven Bode, director of Film and Video Umbrella; Brendan Foster, chairman of the BUPA Great North Run; Beth Rowson, curator and manager of the Cultural Programme; Rebecca Shatwell, visual arts officer at Arts Council England.", "Oleh Protasov Oleh Valeriyovych Protasov (; born 4 February 1964, in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine) is a Ukrainian former footballer who played as a striker. He was a key member of the Soviet Union national team throughout the 1980s; his 29 goals for the Soviet Union are second in the team's history, behind Oleh Blokhin's 42. It should be considered that his first name is often spelled as Oleg on most of international rosters, particularly during his playing career. Between October 2014 and March 2015, he was the head coach of Romanian club Astra Giurgiu. Oleh Protasov started playing football at the age of 8 years old in his hometown of Dnipropetrovsk in Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk, where he played until 1987. In 1987, Protasov moved to play for the Soviet-Ukrainian football giants, Dynamo Kyiv. In all, in the Soviet Union, he won the Soviet Championship twice and was named Soviet Footballer of the Year in 1987. He scored 125 goals in the Soviet Championship, making him the 8th best scorer of all-time of the Championship. Following the fall of the Soviet Union, Oleh Protasov got a chance to play abroad. In 1990, he joined Greek side Olympiacos Piraeus. Leaving Olympiacos in 1994, he played in Gamba Osaka, Veria FC, and finally Proodeftiki FC, from where he retired in 1999. Protasov played for the Soviet Union 68 times, including at the 1986 and 1990 FIFA World Cups, as well as Euro 88, where he scored two goals. He also played one game for the Ukraine national team, in 1994. In 1983 Protasov took part in the Summer Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR in the team of Ukrainian SSR.", "He made four films for Fox, Something for the Boys (1944), March of Time (1945), Doll Face (1945), and If I'm Lucky (1946), plus Words and Music for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1948). He never appeared to be truly comfortable in films, feeling the roles assigned him did not match his personality. Some misguided Hollywood press agent sought to alter Como's life story by changing his previous occupation from barber to coal miner, claiming it would make for better press. Fred Othman, a Hollywood columnist, publicly stated that he believed Como the barber was just a publicity gimmick. Perry gave him a shave and haircut at the Fox Studios barber shop to prove him wrong. In 1985, Como related the story of his first film role experience in Something for the Boys. He sat ready to work in his dressing room for two weeks without being called. Perry spent the next two weeks playing golf, still not missed by the studio. It was five weeks before he was actually called to the set, despite the studio's initial urgent report for work notice. When Como finally appeared, the director had no idea who he was. At the time Como was signed, movie musicals were on the wane and he became a studio contract player, where the actors or actresses worked only when the studio needed to fill out a schedule. Though his last movie, Words and Music, was made for prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Como fared no better. Less than two weeks before the film's release, Walter Winchell wrote in his syndicated column, \"Someone at MGM must have been dozing when they wrote the script for Words and Music. In most of the film Perry Como is called Eddie Anders and toward the end (for no reason) they start calling him Perry Como.\"", "Agar and Golin finally wrest Summontrumpet from the clutches of the Dread Sphynx, which has the body of a snake, the head of a snake, and the feet of a snake, and arrive upon the plains of Albion as the Seven Armies of Hell begin their invasion. The only thing that could \"possibly\" go wrong would be if the wrong person should sound the horn by mistake... The British Comedy Guide found it interesting with some good ideas, despite being largely forgotten 20 or 30 years later. TV Cream says it was \"widely loved by \u2018proper\u2019 Tolkien buffs\". Van Arnold-Forster in the Guardian praised the high quality of the cast but said they seemed bemused by the script, in \"obvious doubt as to whether the lines are meant to be funny\".", "Yama is aided by his minister Chitragupta, who maintains a record of all good and evil actions of every living being. Yama-dhutas are also assigned the job of executing the punishments on sinners in the various hells. Naraka, as a whole, is known by many names conveying that it is the realm of Yama. Yam\u0101laya, Yamaloka, Yamas\u0101dana and Yamalok\u0101ya mean the abode of Yama. Yamak\u1e63aya (the \"ak\u1e63aya\" of Yama) and its equivalents like Vaivasvatak\u1e63aya use pun for the word \"k\u1e63aya\", which can be mean abode or destruction. It is also called Sa\u1e43yaman\u012b, \"where only truth is spoken, and the weak torment the strong\", M\u1e5btyulok\u0101ya \u2013 the world of Death or of the dead and the \"city of the king of ghosts\", Pretar\u0101japura. The \"Agni Purana\" mentions only 4 hells. Some texts mention 7 hells: Put (\"childless\", for the childless), Avichi (\"waveless\", for those waiting for reincarnation), Samhata (\"abandoned\", for evil beings), Tamisra (\"darkness\", where darkness of hells begin), Rijisha (\"expelled\", where torments of hell begin), Kudmala (\"leprous\", the worst hell for those who are going to be reincarnated) and Kakola (\"black poison\", the bottomless pit, for those who are eternally condemned to hell and have no chance of reincarnation)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Hell when he started playing music?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2fe9c8aad2704cd9b69f484d75ef8870_1_q#2", "question": "What was Hell's early life like?", "rewrite": "What was Hell's early life like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Life Like (film) Life Like is 2019 science-fiction drama movie. James is working on the trust fund run by his father. Upon the death of his father, he becomes CEO of the company. James and his wife Sophie move away from the city into a suburb mansion. Sophie doesn\u2019t work and spends most of the time at home. Feeling uncomfortable with James having a butler, maid, and a cook, she fires them. Life without servants becomes unbearable and James convinces Sophie to come with him to meet Julian, a man who sells artificially intelligent robots. Sophie sees mostly female androids which make her uncomfortable. At the end of the meeting, the couple chooses a male android called \u201cHenry\u201d. In the beginning, this is perfect for both James and Sophie as Henry does housework and makes a good companion to Sophie. But when Henry\u2019s childlike brain adapts by developing emotions, complications begin to arise. Sophie continues to encourage Henry to develop emotions and lust. Henry begins to have dreams, even though he was told that he was not programmed to have dreams. Jealousy then cause a fight to occur between James and Henry. James slaps Henry and disconnects the charging machine from Henry. Julian is conceived to be a fraud, and all of his machines are actually real humans raised by him. The FBI goes to James and Sophie's residence to arrest Julian and a confrontation ensues where Julian and the FBI agents are killed. Feeling betrayed by his maker and that he betrayed his keepers Henry chooses to kill himself and ends up stabbing himself out of dejection and desperation. James and Sophie cry and stand there while watching Henry die. Five years later, James and Sophie decide to name their child Henry. Josh Janowicz has directed many commercials and several short films, \"Life Like\" is his first feature length film.", "In early 2017, Wells decided to rebrand his music going forward as Welles. He has released one single with a band as Welles, \"Are You Feeling Like Me\", along with its B-side \"Into Ashes\". In March 2017, Welles released a song titled \"Life Like Mine\" from his upcoming EP titled \"Codeine\" on C3 Records. In May 2017, Welles released a music video for the song \"Life Like Mine\", from the EP \"Codeine\". He released the album \"Red Trees and White Trashes\" on June 15, 2018. Albums Singles Albums EPs Singles Albums EPs  EPs", "Working hard through the end of 2006, the band released a 5-track EP, followed by a tour in the United Kingdom in January 2007 with Hundred Reasons and Kids in Glass Houses. When God Fires Man returned stateside, they signed a record deal with InDeGoot Recordings (US), and XTRA Mile (UK). In 2007, the band recorded their debut album, \u201c\"A Billion Balconies Facing the Sun,\"\u201d working with Ethan Dussault (who had engineered records for Cave In, Toadies, and Lot 6) and Brian Virtue (who had engineered and mixed records for Audioslave, Deftones, and Jane's Addiction). \" Following the album's release in March 2008, God Fires Man went on a US tour with Filter, while also sharing the stage with Taking Back Sunday, Thursday, Frank Turner, 65daysofstatic, Chevelle, and Scott Weiland. For the release of \"\"A Billion Balconies Facing the Sun\",\" God Fires Man was named one of iTunes \u201cTop 10 New Rock Artists\u201d in 2008. In January 2009, God Fires Man finished their second album titled \"Life Like\" for a June 26, 2009 release. \"Life Like\" was produced by Alex Newport (who had engineered and mixed records for At The Drive In, Mars Volta, Death Cab for Cutie, and The Melvins), and released on Arctic Rodeo Recordings (EU/JP). Swimming against the current of music conformity, \"Life Like\" was originally released on vinyl LP format. On September 22, 2009, \"Life Like\" became available for purchase on iTunes. In October and November 2009, God Fires Man toured in Germany with the Picture Books, which was the band's first time as a headliner.", "While M. S. Viswanathan composed the tunes in the 2013 [[Thillu Mullu]] film, [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] orchestrated and recorded them. He sang the song \u2018Saami Namba saami' penned by [[Snehan]] for the film \"Mannar Valaiguda\", composed by S.Siva Pragasam. Rajnikanth said in an interview about M. S. Viswanathan, \"You will rarely find someone like MSV in any industry. He lived life like a selfless saint, free from jealousy and lies. He was behind the success of legends like MGR and Sivaji. If not for MSV, the careers of filmmaker Balachander, lyricists Vaali and Kannadasan wouldn't have tasted huge success.\" On 27 June 2015, Viswanathan was admitted to Fortis Malar hospital in [[Chennai]] with breathing difficulties. He had been undergoing a treatment at the hospital for some time. He died at 4.15 a.m. on 14 July 2015 due to age-related ailments. He had turned 87 only three weeks earlier, three days before his hospitalization. He was cremated with full state honours at Besant Nagar Electric Crematorium. People from various fields of life paid homage to him. He is survived by his seven children - four sons and three daughters - none of them who followed their father's path. M. S. Viswanathan has won many awards include the following:   Elappully Mourns - MSV's early Life - The Hindu   [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:Indian male composers]] [[Category:Indian male film actors]] [[Category:Indian film score composers]] [[Category:Telugu film score composers]]", "A tribute to my father\" in \"The Arizona Republic\", July 30, 1995. Reprinted in \"Quiller Balalaika\" (1996) and \"Quiller Balalaika\" (2003). \"Afterword: Life Like Quiller\" in \"Ninth Directive\" (2010). \"Afterword: Life Like Quiller Part II\" in \"The Striker Portfolio\" (2011). \"Life Lessons: Sensei Shojiro Koyama\" (2012). JP Trevor now writes and designs under the name of Scott Koban. JP Trevor is an honorary member of the On the Buses fan club owing to his family's links with Reg Varney, lead actor in the series. He holds a shodan first degree black belt in traditional Japanese Shotokan Karate (Japan Karate Association). He trained under Sensei Shojiro Koyama in Phoenix, Arizona."], "answer": {"text": "Richard Lester Meyers grew up in Lexington, Kentucky in 1949.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Hell when he started playing music?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he begin his music career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2fe9c8aad2704cd9b69f484d75ef8870_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Hell have any siblings?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Problem of Hell The problem of Hell is an ethical problem in religion in which the existence of Hell for the punishment of souls is regarded as inconsistent with the notion of a just, moral, and omnibenevolent God. It derives from four key propositions: that Hell exists; that it is for the punishment of people whose lives on Earth are judged to have sinned against God; that some people go there; and there is no escape. There are several major issues to the problem of Hell. The first is its definition, as there are several words in the original languages of the Bible that are translated into the word \"hell\" in English. A second issue is whether the existence of Hell is compatible with justice. A third is whether Hell is compatible with God's mercy, especially as articulated in Christianity. An issue particular to Christianity is whether Hell is actually populated forever or they perish, or if God will ultimately restore all immortal souls (universal reconciliation) in the World to Come. In some aspects, the problem of Hell is similar to the problem of evil, assuming the suffering of Hell is caused by free will and something God could have prevented. The discussion regarding the problem of evil may thus also be of interest for the problem of Hell. The problem of Hell can be viewed as the worst and most intractable instance of the problem of evil. Criticisms of the doctrines of Hell can focus on the intensity or eternity of its torments, and arguments surrounding all these issues can invoke appeals to the omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence of God.", "The Boys recorded their third album in the village, and as a result named it \"To Hell with the Boys\". In 2016 some politicians suggested a name change of the V\u00e6rnes airport to \"Hell International Airport\", given that \u00c6 could be less suitable in the name of an international airport. A newspaper had a web poll about calling the airport V\u00e6rnes, Stj\u00f8rdal or Hell, with Hell as a winner. However as of 2019, the name is still V\u00e6rnes. Trondheim Airport V\u00e6rnes is used as the official met office for this region. Temperatures in both the winter and summer are moderated due to the geography of the location as the average January highs are still above freezing at such a high latitude. Hell has a Humid Continental climate that is close to being subarctic due to the cooler summers, but it falls short because the month of September is slightly too warm to qualify. Hell railway station is situated at a railway junction where the Nordland Line north to Bod\u00f8 branches off from the Mer\u00e5kerbanen between Trondheim and Storlien, Sweden. Hell Station is currently a manned railway station. The \"Hell Kj\u00f8pesenter\" mall is located at Sandf\u00e6rhus north of the Stj\u00f8rdalselva river, rather than in Hell/L\u00e5nke, and thus the name is a misnomer. A blues festival takes place every year at Hell Station in September, The original festival (Hell Blues Festival) started in 1992, then changed its name to Hell Music Festival in 2006 to open their doors for music other than blues. The Hell Music Festival in 2007 failed to attract many concert-goers, however, and the festival declared bankruptcy the same year. In 2008 a new festival was started, entitled \"Blues in Hell\", going back to the original concept.", "In November 1984, Deborah Caplan, Groening's then-girlfriend and co-worker at the Reader, offered to publish \"Love is Hell\", a series of relationship-themed Life in Hell strips, in book form. Released a month later, the book was an underground success, selling 22,000 copies in its first two printings. Work is Hell soon followed, also published by Caplan. Soon afterward, Caplan and Groening left and put together the Life in Hell Co., which handled merchandising for Life in Hell. Groening also started Acme Features Syndicate, which syndicated Life in Hell, Lynda Barry and John Callahan, but now only syndicates Life in Hell. At the end of its run, Life in Hell was carried in 250 weekly newspapers and has been anthologized in a series of books, including School is Hell, Childhood is Hell, The Big Book of Hell, and The Huge Book of Hell. Although Groening has stated, \"I'll never give up the comic strip. It's my foundation,\" he announced that the June 16, 2012 strip would mark Life in Hell's conclusion. After Groening ended the strip, the Center for Cartoon Studies commissioned a poster that was presented to Groening in honor of his work. The poster contained tribute cartoons by 22 of Groening's cartoonist friends who were influenced by Life in Hell.", "In law (and especially inheritance law), half-siblings have often been accorded treatment unequal to that of full siblings. Old English common law at one time incorporated inequalities into the laws of intestate succession, with half-siblings taking only half as much property of their intestate siblings' estates as siblings of full-blood. Unequal treatment of this type has been wholly abolished in England, but still exists in the U.S. state of Florida. Three-quarter siblings have one common parent, while their unshared parents have a mean consanguinity of 50%. This means the unshared parents are either siblings or parent and child (similar terminology is used in horse breeding, where it occurs more frequently). Three-quarter siblings are likely to share more genes than half siblings, but fewer than full siblings. In this case the unshared parents are full siblings. Furthermore, the three-quarter siblings are also first cousins. In the case where the unshared parents are identical twins, the children share as much genetic material as full siblings do. Real: Fictional: In this case, a woman has children with two men who are father and son, or a man has children with two women who are mother and daughter. These children will be three-quarter siblings. Furthermore, the two offspring will have an aunt/uncle-nephew/niece relation. A historical example of this is actress Gloria Grahame. She bore children with her second husband Nicholas Ray, and her fourth husband Anthony Ray, who was Nicholas Ray's son by another marriage. Fictional: A sibling who shares a parent and the unshared parents are related, not siblings though as this would be a Three-quarter sibling \"Stepsiblings\" (stepbrothers or stepsisters) are the children of one's stepparent from a previous relationship.", "\"xalja-w\u012btjan\" (or *\"halja-w\u012btjan\") is reconstructed from Old Norse \"hel-v\u00edti\" 'hell', Old English \"helle-w\u00edte\" 'hell-torment, hell', Old Saxon \"helli-w\u012bti\" 'hell', and the Middle High German feminine noun \"helle-w\u012bze\". The compound is a compound of *\"xalj\u014d\" (discussed above) and *\"w\u012btjan\" (reconstructed from forms such as Old English \"witt\" ' right mind, wits', Old Saxon \"gewit\" 'understanding', and Gothic \"un-witi\" ' foolishness, understanding'). Hell appears in several mythologies and religions. It is commonly inhabited by demons and the souls of dead people. A fable about Hell which recurs in folklore across several cultures is the allegory of the long spoons. Hell is often depicted in art and literature, perhaps most famously in Dante's \"Divine Comedy\". Punishment in Hell typically corresponds to sins committed during life. Sometimes these distinctions are specific, with damned souls suffering for each sin committed (see for example Plato's myth of Er or Dante's \"The Divine Comedy\"), but sometimes they are general, with condemned sinners relegated to one or more chamber of Hell or to a level of suffering. In many religious cultures, including Christianity and Islam, Hell is often depicted as fiery, painful, and harsh, inflicting suffering on the guilty. Despite these common depictions of Hell as a place of fire, some other traditions portray Hell as cold. Buddhist - and particularly Tibetan Buddhist - descriptions of Hell feature an equal number of hot and cold Hells. Among Christian descriptions Dante's \"Inferno\" portrays the innermost (9th) circle of Hell as a frozen lake of blood and guilt."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Hell when he started playing music?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he begin his music career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Hell's early life like?", "answer": {"text": "Richard Lester Meyers grew up in Lexington, Kentucky in 1949.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#0", "question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "rewrite": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS.", "Hall was controversially replaced in 2004 by \"The Howard Stern Show\" staff member John Melendez in what many perceived as a thinly veiled attempt to attract a younger demographic and nonsensical considering his \"stuttering\" moniker. The hiring of Melendez, which was carried out by Leno without Stern's knowledge, prompted a rift between Stern and Leno. Stern tiraded on his show for weeks on end, touting how Leno was \"ripping him off\", citing previously \"lifted\" material from his show such as \"Jaywalking\" ripping off Stern's \"homeless game\"; for example, stating \"To an 18- to 25-year-old male, Jay Leno is gay. He might as well put a dress on.\" Since the move to \"The Jay Leno Show\", Melendez was replaced as announcer, but remains on the writing staff. Wally Wingert would be the only off-camera announcer for Leno's second \"Tonight\" tenure, carrying over his duties from \"The Jay Leno Show\". Critical reviews for the show were mixed, with a Metacritic score of 49 out of 100, based on 9 reviews. In a negative review, Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" wrote; \"Monday's opening monologue, supposedly Leno's strong suit, was tired, lame and unfunny. In other words, typical of the real Leno, rather than the Leno of public-relations imagination. \" The show was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series category ten times between 1993 and 2005. It won the award in 1995. The 10th Anniversary special, broadcast on April 30, 2002, drew in 11.888 million viewers.", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set."], "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#1", "question": "When did that begin?", "rewrite": "When did The Jay Leno Show begin?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hall was controversially replaced in 2004 by \"The Howard Stern Show\" staff member John Melendez in what many perceived as a thinly veiled attempt to attract a younger demographic and nonsensical considering his \"stuttering\" moniker. The hiring of Melendez, which was carried out by Leno without Stern's knowledge, prompted a rift between Stern and Leno. Stern tiraded on his show for weeks on end, touting how Leno was \"ripping him off\", citing previously \"lifted\" material from his show such as \"Jaywalking\" ripping off Stern's \"homeless game\"; for example, stating \"To an 18- to 25-year-old male, Jay Leno is gay. He might as well put a dress on.\" Since the move to \"The Jay Leno Show\", Melendez was replaced as announcer, but remains on the writing staff. Wally Wingert would be the only off-camera announcer for Leno's second \"Tonight\" tenure, carrying over his duties from \"The Jay Leno Show\". Critical reviews for the show were mixed, with a Metacritic score of 49 out of 100, based on 9 reviews. In a negative review, Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" wrote; \"Monday's opening monologue, supposedly Leno's strong suit, was tired, lame and unfunny. In other words, typical of the real Leno, rather than the Leno of public-relations imagination. \" The show was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series category ten times between 1993 and 2005. It won the award in 1995. The 10th Anniversary special, broadcast on April 30, 2002, drew in 11.888 million viewers.", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS.", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set."], "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#2", "question": "Was the show well received?", "rewrite": "Was The Jay Leno Show show well received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hall was controversially replaced in 2004 by \"The Howard Stern Show\" staff member John Melendez in what many perceived as a thinly veiled attempt to attract a younger demographic and nonsensical considering his \"stuttering\" moniker. The hiring of Melendez, which was carried out by Leno without Stern's knowledge, prompted a rift between Stern and Leno. Stern tiraded on his show for weeks on end, touting how Leno was \"ripping him off\", citing previously \"lifted\" material from his show such as \"Jaywalking\" ripping off Stern's \"homeless game\"; for example, stating \"To an 18- to 25-year-old male, Jay Leno is gay. He might as well put a dress on.\" Since the move to \"The Jay Leno Show\", Melendez was replaced as announcer, but remains on the writing staff. Wally Wingert would be the only off-camera announcer for Leno's second \"Tonight\" tenure, carrying over his duties from \"The Jay Leno Show\". Critical reviews for the show were mixed, with a Metacritic score of 49 out of 100, based on 9 reviews. In a negative review, Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" wrote; \"Monday's opening monologue, supposedly Leno's strong suit, was tired, lame and unfunny. In other words, typical of the real Leno, rather than the Leno of public-relations imagination. \" The show was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series category ten times between 1993 and 2005. It won the award in 1995. The 10th Anniversary special, broadcast on April 30, 2002, drew in 11.888 million viewers.", "On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS."], "answer": {"text": "\" An industry observer said that Leno, \"in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken.\"", "answer_start": 589}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did that begin?", "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#3", "question": "What made it a risk?", "rewrite": "What made The Jay Leno Show a risk?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set.", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "Hall was controversially replaced in 2004 by \"The Howard Stern Show\" staff member John Melendez in what many perceived as a thinly veiled attempt to attract a younger demographic and nonsensical considering his \"stuttering\" moniker. The hiring of Melendez, which was carried out by Leno without Stern's knowledge, prompted a rift between Stern and Leno. Stern tiraded on his show for weeks on end, touting how Leno was \"ripping him off\", citing previously \"lifted\" material from his show such as \"Jaywalking\" ripping off Stern's \"homeless game\"; for example, stating \"To an 18- to 25-year-old male, Jay Leno is gay. He might as well put a dress on.\" Since the move to \"The Jay Leno Show\", Melendez was replaced as announcer, but remains on the writing staff. Wally Wingert would be the only off-camera announcer for Leno's second \"Tonight\" tenure, carrying over his duties from \"The Jay Leno Show\". Critical reviews for the show were mixed, with a Metacritic score of 49 out of 100, based on 9 reviews. In a negative review, Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" wrote; \"Monday's opening monologue, supposedly Leno's strong suit, was tired, lame and unfunny. In other words, typical of the real Leno, rather than the Leno of public-relations imagination. \" The show was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series category ten times between 1993 and 2005. It won the award in 1995. The 10th Anniversary special, broadcast on April 30, 2002, drew in 11.888 million viewers.", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS."], "answer": {"text": "According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, \"If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade.\"", "answer_start": 693}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did that begin?", "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "\" An industry observer said that Leno, \"in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken.\"", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#4", "question": "Did Leno replace another talk show?", "rewrite": "Besides being a risk, did Leno replace another talk show?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vanessa Carville's talk show combines elements of the \"Late Show with David Letterman\" and \"The View\", an ABC Daytime talk show features several female hosts. In \"Blackmail\", Carville is slandered on a website called \"CitySmear\", which is modeled after real-life blogs \"Gawker\" and \"TMZ.com\". In its original American broadcast on January 15, 2010, \"Blackmail\" was watched by 7.34 million average households over the hour, among viewers aged between 18 and 49, according to Nielsen ratings. The show drew about 7.15 million households in that age group during the first half-hour, and about 7.5 million households during the second half-hour. The episode outperformed \"Supernanny\" on ABC, which drew an overage 5.39 million households, but had less viewers than \"Ghost Whisperer\" on CBS, which drew 8.63 million households. \" Blackmail\" also drew more viewers than repeats of \"Bones\" on Fox, which drew 3.89 million households, and \"Smallville\" on The CW, which drew 1.19 million households. Letterman and his staff declined to comment on \"Blackmail\", but Letterman made a joke about the \"Law & Order\" franchise during his show on January 12, 2010. The episode aired the week that Jay Leno and Conan O'Brien were involved in a public battle over who would host the NBC late night talk show, \"The Tonight Show\". Letterman, who was previously passed over for \"The Tonight Show\" in favor of Leno, said NBC was developing a new show called \"Law & Order: Leno Victims Unit\". A voiceover for the fictional show said, \"There are two types of talk show hosts. Jay Leno, and those who have been victimized by Jay Leno.", "In the 11:35 period, \"The Late Show\" would largely maintain its lead over \"The Tonight Show\" in total viewers in early Fall, during which Letterman was receiving tabloid attention due to a blackmail scandal. In addition, \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" was in the unusual situation of being a talk show following a talk show hosted by its predecessor on the same network, and the booking war that resulted often left \"The Tonight Show\" getting second dibs on guests. One publicist reported that the aggression was such that \"The Jay Leno Show\" had signaled to potential guests that doing O'Brien's program before Leno's would be punished with secondary placement in the line-up. Though NBC claimed that the performance of \"The Jay Leno Show\" offered no surprises and that O'Brien was meeting expectations as well, the network had failed to anticipate the impact that Leno's weaker 10pm lead-in would have on the local 11pm news, which suffered a drastic drop in ratings (between 25%\u201350% nationwide) as a demonstrable result. As the affiliates rely on the revenue generated during the news, this generated a furor from the local stations and placed pressure on NBC to quickly fix the 10pm situation, which was contributing to a cascading effect on the ratings of \"The Tonight Show with Conan O\u2019Brien\" and \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\". On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that beginning March 1, 2010, Leno would move from his 10 p.m. weeknight time slot back to the traditional \"Tonight Show\" slot at 11:35. Under this proposal, Leno's show would be shortened from an hour to 30 minutes, which would make the monologue, Leno\u2019s most popular segment, the essence of the program.", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS.", "Hall performed extremely well in the 18\u201349 demographic, however Fox had already greenlit \"The Wilton North Report\" to replace \"The Late Show\", leading to Hall hosting his own late night talk show in syndication after \"The Late Show\" was cancelled in 1988. \"The Late Show\" continued with many unknown hosts until its cancellation. Hall's syndicated show, \"The Arsenio Hall Show\", began in syndication in 1988, becoming more popular among younger viewers than Carson. The last network attempt at a Carson competitor, CBS's \"The Pat Sajak Show\", lasted less than sixteen months, debuting in 1989 and being cancelled in 1990. ABC opted not to compete against Carson with a late night talk show, instead counterprogramming with a successful news magazine entitled \"Nightline\" beginning in 1980. Carson retired as host of \"The Tonight Show\" in 1992 following his 30th anniversary as host. This garnered major media attention and speculation on who would replace Carson. The two candidates were David Letterman (host of \"Late Night\" since 1982) and Jay Leno (Carson's regular guest host since 1987). Leno was eventually chosen, leading to Letterman leaving the network to launch a directly competitive late-night talk show, the \"Late Show with David Letterman\" on CBS in 1993. \" The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" debuted in 1992. Letterman was replaced by newcomer Conan O'Brien as host of \"Late Night\". Arsenio Hall's show lost numerous affiliates after Letterman's debut and his show was canceled one year later. Fox returned to late night television in September 1993 with \"The Chevy Chase Show\" hosted by \"Saturday Night Live\" alumnus Chevy Chase.", "Conan blimp The \"Conan\" blimp was an orange dirigible owned by Turner Broadcasting System for the purpose of promoting the premiere of Conan O'Brien on his late-night talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS. O'Brien's shift from NBC to TBS stemmed from the 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict between O'Brien and former \"Tonight Show\" host Jay Leno. The controversy occurred when, due to the low ratings of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", NBC announced that Leno would be moved from 10:00 p.m. to 11:35 p.m. and O'Brien would be moved from 11:30 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. The announcement occurred seven months after \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\"s premiere, and over four years after it was made known that O'Brien would replace Leno as the \"Tonight Show\" host. Ultimately, NBC Universal chief Jeff Zucker's decision to reschedule O'Brien and Leno's time slots led to O'Brien's departure from the network and a public outcry from O'Brien's fans on social media sites like Twitter and Facebook. During the controversy, O'Brien's online supporters started the \"Team Conan\" or \"Team Coco\" movement, employing phrases such as \"I'm With Coco\" to show their support for the late-night talk show host. In February 2010, one month after his departure from NBC, O'Brien joined Twitter and acquired 300,000 followers in 24 hours. Many of O'Brien's followers, both fans and celebrities, remained faithful to the \"Team Conan\" movement throughout his short, contractually-obligated absence from television."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did that begin?", "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "\" An industry observer said that Leno, \"in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken.\"", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made it a risk?", "answer": {"text": "According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, \"If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade.\"", "answer_start": 693, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#5", "question": "What else did you find interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides debuting in 1999, what else did you find interesting about The Jay Leno Show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS.", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "Hall was controversially replaced in 2004 by \"The Howard Stern Show\" staff member John Melendez in what many perceived as a thinly veiled attempt to attract a younger demographic and nonsensical considering his \"stuttering\" moniker. The hiring of Melendez, which was carried out by Leno without Stern's knowledge, prompted a rift between Stern and Leno. Stern tiraded on his show for weeks on end, touting how Leno was \"ripping him off\", citing previously \"lifted\" material from his show such as \"Jaywalking\" ripping off Stern's \"homeless game\"; for example, stating \"To an 18- to 25-year-old male, Jay Leno is gay. He might as well put a dress on.\" Since the move to \"The Jay Leno Show\", Melendez was replaced as announcer, but remains on the writing staff. Wally Wingert would be the only off-camera announcer for Leno's second \"Tonight\" tenure, carrying over his duties from \"The Jay Leno Show\". Critical reviews for the show were mixed, with a Metacritic score of 49 out of 100, based on 9 reviews. In a negative review, Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" wrote; \"Monday's opening monologue, supposedly Leno's strong suit, was tired, lame and unfunny. In other words, typical of the real Leno, rather than the Leno of public-relations imagination. \" The show was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series category ten times between 1993 and 2005. It won the award in 1995. The 10th Anniversary special, broadcast on April 30, 2002, drew in 11.888 million viewers.", "On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set."], "answer": {"text": "The January 29, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly listed the show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did that begin?", "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "\" An industry observer said that Leno, \"in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken.\"", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made it a risk?", "answer": {"text": "According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, \"If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade.\"", "answer_start": 693, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Leno replace another talk show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#6", "question": "Why?", "rewrite": "Why did Entertainment Weekly list The Jay Leno show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history.?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The January 29, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly listed the show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history. The comment made by the network executives about \"launching five shows\" was ultimately transformed into the joke that its removal was like \"cancelling five shows\". TV Guide similarly listed the show as the biggest blunder in television history in its November 1, 2010 edition.", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set.", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS."], "answer": {"text": "The comment made by the network executives about \"launching five shows\" was ultimately transformed into the joke that its removal was like \"cancelling five shows", "answer_start": 135}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did that begin?", "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "\" An industry observer said that Leno, \"in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken.\"", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made it a risk?", "answer": {"text": "According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, \"If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade.\"", "answer_start": 693, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Leno replace another talk show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "The January 29, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly listed the show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#7", "question": "Is there anything else I should know?", "rewrite": "Besides Entertainment Weekly listing The Jay Leno show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history,there anything else I should know?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set.", "The January 29, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly listed the show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history. The comment made by the network executives about \"launching five shows\" was ultimately transformed into the joke that its removal was like \"cancelling five shows\". TV Guide similarly listed the show as the biggest blunder in television history in its November 1, 2010 edition.", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over.", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS."], "answer": {"text": "TV Guide similarly listed the show as the biggest blunder in television history in its November 1, 2010 edition.", "answer_start": 299}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did that begin?", "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "\" An industry observer said that Leno, \"in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken.\"", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made it a risk?", "answer": {"text": "According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, \"If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade.\"", "answer_start": 693, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Leno replace another talk show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "The January 29, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly listed the show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why?", "answer": {"text": "The comment made by the network executives about \"launching five shows\" was ultimately transformed into the joke that its removal was like \"cancelling five shows", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_503f63c9e521400b85f8c4dc54cbe2e7_0_q#8", "question": "Was Leno optimistic about the show when others were not?", "rewrite": "Was Leno optimistic about The Jay Leno show when others were not?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On December 9, 2008, it was announced that Jay Leno would be hosting a new nightly prime time show in September 2009, which aired at 10 p.m. ET. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010, due to low ratings, which, combined with NBC's poor prime-time performance at the time, affected viewership of its lead-out late newscasts on many NBC stations. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that \"The Jay Leno Show\" would be moved from the 10 p.m. Eastern time slot to 11:35 p.m. and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would be moved from 11:35 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. effective March 1, 2010, the first time in its history that the show would begin after midnight. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to anytime after midnight in order to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 p.m. ET. He felt it would damage the show's legacy as it always started after the late local news since it began in 1954. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010, ending his partnership with NBC after 22 years. Leno began his second tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics, but only after major controversy. Leno's second \"Tonight\" was taped at NBC's Studio 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a modified version of that show's set.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno The Tonight Show with Jay Leno was an American late-night talk show hosted by Jay Leno that first aired from May 25, 1992, to May 29, 2009, and resumed production on March 1, 2010 until its ending on February 6, 2014. The fourth incarnation of the \"Tonight Show\" franchise debuted on May 25, 1992, three days after Johnny Carson's retirement as host of the program. The program originated from NBC Studios in Burbank, California, and was broadcast Monday through Friday at 11:35 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific time zones (10:35 p.m. Central/Mountain time). Unlike Carson or his predecessor Jack Paar, Leno only once used a guest host, preferring to host the series in person. The series, which followed the same basic format as that of its predecessors (an opening monologue followed by comedy routines, interviews and performances), ran until May 29, 2009, after which Leno was succeeded by Conan O'Brien. NBC signed Leno to a new deal for a nightly talk show in the 10:00 pm ET timeslot. The primetime series, titled \"The Jay Leno Show\", debuted on September 14, 2009, following a similar format to the Leno incarnation of \"Tonight\". Neither O'Brien's version of the program, which premiered June 1, 2009, nor \"The Jay Leno Show\" generated the ratings NBC had expected. The network decided to move a condensed 30-minute version of Leno's show to O'Brien's time slot, and O'Brien's \"Tonight Show\" a half-hour later. This decision met with opposition from O'Brien, whose stint on \"The Tonight Show\" ended January 22, 2010, after which he began his own talk show, \"Conan\", on TBS.", "Hall was controversially replaced in 2004 by \"The Howard Stern Show\" staff member John Melendez in what many perceived as a thinly veiled attempt to attract a younger demographic and nonsensical considering his \"stuttering\" moniker. The hiring of Melendez, which was carried out by Leno without Stern's knowledge, prompted a rift between Stern and Leno. Stern tiraded on his show for weeks on end, touting how Leno was \"ripping him off\", citing previously \"lifted\" material from his show such as \"Jaywalking\" ripping off Stern's \"homeless game\"; for example, stating \"To an 18- to 25-year-old male, Jay Leno is gay. He might as well put a dress on.\" Since the move to \"The Jay Leno Show\", Melendez was replaced as announcer, but remains on the writing staff. Wally Wingert would be the only off-camera announcer for Leno's second \"Tonight\" tenure, carrying over his duties from \"The Jay Leno Show\". Critical reviews for the show were mixed, with a Metacritic score of 49 out of 100, based on 9 reviews. In a negative review, Robert Bianco of \"USA Today\" wrote; \"Monday's opening monologue, supposedly Leno's strong suit, was tired, lame and unfunny. In other words, typical of the real Leno, rather than the Leno of public-relations imagination. \" The show was nominated for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series category ten times between 1993 and 2005. It won the award in 1995. The 10th Anniversary special, broadcast on April 30, 2002, drew in 11.888 million viewers.", "O'Brien took over hosting duties commencing the following Monday, on June 1, 2009. On December 9, 2008, it was announced Leno would be hosting a new nightly show in September 2009, which aired at 10 pm ET, during the network's prime time period. \" The Jay Leno Show\" ended after a short run on February 9, 2010. On January 7, 2010, multiple media outlets reported that effective March 1, 2010, \"The Jay Leno Show\" would move from the 10 pm (Eastern/Pacific Time) weeknight time slot to 11:35 pm and O'Brien's \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\" would move from 11:35 pm to 12:05 am. On January 12, 2010, O'Brien publicly announced in an open letter that he intended to leave NBC if they moved \"The Tonight Show\" to 12:05 am ET/PT to accommodate moving \"The Jay Leno Show\" to 11:35 pm Eastern/10:35 pm Central, due to poor ratings. After several days of negotiations, O'Brien reached a settlement with NBC that allowed him to leave NBC and \"The Tonight Show\" on January 22, 2010. On January 21, 2010, NBC announced Leno would return to \"The Tonight Show\". Jay Leno began his second tenure on March 1, 2010, after the 2010 Winter Olympics. The show moved to Stage 11 in Burbank, the former home of \"The Jay Leno Show\", with a similar set and theme song of \"The Jay Leno Show\". \"Tonight Show\" bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced on April 12 he would be leaving \"The Tonight Show\" on May 28 after 18 years with Leno. Eubanks' replacement is former \"American Idol\" musical director Rickey Minor. Minor composed a new main theme when he took over."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the industry impact of The Jay Leno Show?", "answer": {"text": "NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did that begin?", "answer": {"text": "in 1999", "answer_start": 161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "\" An industry observer said that Leno, \"in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken.\"", "answer_start": 589, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made it a risk?", "answer": {"text": "According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, \"If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade.\"", "answer_start": 693, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Leno replace another talk show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "The January 29, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly listed the show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why?", "answer": {"text": "The comment made by the network executives about \"launching five shows\" was ultimately transformed into the joke that its removal was like \"cancelling five shows", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is there anything else I should know?", "answer": {"text": "TV Guide similarly listed the show as the biggest blunder in television history in its November 1, 2010 edition.", "answer_start": 299, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_38f8a0d392a2429d8cd43143152124d4_0_q#0", "question": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "rewrite": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frank Church\u2013River of No Return Wilderness The Frank Church\u2014River of No Return Wilderness Area is a protected wilderness area in Idaho. It was created in 1980 by the United States Congress and renamed in 1984 as the \"Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area\" in honor of U.S. Senator Frank Church. At , it is the largest contiguous federally managed wilderness in the United States outside of Alaska, which is second in area only to the contiguous area of the \"state\"-managed Adirondack Park in upstate New York, which contains some 46% of its state-managed area of 9,375 square miles (24,281 km) as wilderness parkland. The Death Valley Wilderness is the largest single designated area but consists of numerous disconnected units. The wilderness protects several mountain ranges, extensive wildlife, and a popular whitewater rafting river: the Salmon River. Together with the adjacent Gospel Hump Wilderness and surrounding unprotected roadless Forest Service land, it is the core of a 3.3 million acre (13,000 km) roadless area. It is separated from the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, to the north, by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor). The wilderness contains parts of several mountain ranges, including the Salmon River Mountains, the Clearwater Mountains, and the Bighorn Crags. The ranges are split by steep canyons of the Middle and Main forks of the Salmon River. The Salmon River is a popular destination for whitewater rafting, and is colloquially known as the \"River of No Return\" for its swift current which makes upstream travel difficult. Most of the area is covered by coniferous forests, with dry, open land along the rivers at lower elevations.", "According to the Abwehr officer Hermann Bickler, the Germans needed 32 000 \"indicateurs\" (informers) to crush all resistance in France, but he reported in the fall of 1940 that the Abwehr had already exceeded that target. It was difficult for Germans to pass themselves off as French, so the Abwehr, the Gestapo and the SS could not have functioned without French informers. In September 1940, the poet Robert Desnos published an article titled \"\"J'irai le dire \u00e0 la Kommandantur\"\" in the underground newspaper \"Aujourd'hui\" appealing to ordinary French people to stop denouncing each other to the Germans. Desnos's appeal failed, but the phrase \"\"J'irai le dire \u00e0 la Kommandantur\"\" (\"I'll go and tell the Germans about it\") was a very popular one in occupied France as hundreds of thousands of ordinary French people denounced each other to the Germans. The problem of what the French called \"indics\" or \"mouches\" as informers were known was compounded by the \"corbeaux\" (poison pen letters). The writers of the \"corbeaux\" was inspired by a mixture of motivations such as envy, spite, greed, anti-Semitism, and sheer opportunism as many ordinary French people wanted to ingratiate themselves with what they believed to be the winning side. Ousby noted \"Yet perhaps the most striking testimony to the extent of denunciation came from the Germans themselves, surprised at how ready the French were to betray each other\". The problem of denunciation was always the most serious handicap for the resistance as there were a seemingly endless number of ordinary French people who were desperate to denounce anyone they suspected of engaging in resistance.", "Church is also remembered for his voting record as a strong progressive and environmental legislator, and he played a major role in the creation of the nation's system of protected wilderness areas in the 1960s. In 1964, Church was the floor sponsor of the national Wilderness Act. In 1968, he sponsored the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and gained passage of a ten-year moratorium on federal plans to transfer water from the Pacific Northwest to California. Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states, Church helped establish the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area along the Oregon-Idaho border, which protected the gorge from dam building. He was also the primary proponent in the establishment of the Sawtooth Wilderness and National Recreation Area in central Idaho in 1972. Church also was instrumental in the creation of Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness in 1980, his final year in the Senate. This wilderness comprised the old Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, plus additional lands. At 2.36 million acres (9,550 km2), over 3,600 square miles (9,300 km2), it is the largest wilderness area in the nation outside of Alaska. It was renamed the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in 1984, shortly after the diagnosis of his pancreatic cancer. Idaho Senator Jim McClure introduced the measure in the Senate in late February, and President Reagan signed the act on March 14, less than four weeks before Frank Church's death on April 7. Frank Church was considered a progressive (remarkable considering that he represented one of the most conservative states in the nation), though he was a strong opponent of gun control. He, in 1979, was the first in Congress to disclose and protest the presence of Soviet combat troops in Cuba.", "Bethine Clark Church Jean Bethine Clark Church (February 19, 1923 \u2013 December 21, 2013), was the spouse of U.S. Senator Frank Church of Idaho. As politically active as her husband, she earned the nickname of \"Idaho's third senator.\" Born in Mackay, Idaho, to Jean Elizabeth Burnett and Chase A. Clark, Bethine Clark's family was prominent in Idaho politics during the first half of the 20th century. Her grandfather Joseph was elected the first mayor of Idaho Falls in 1900. Chase Clark and Bethine's uncle, Barzilla Clark, both served as mayor of Idaho Falls and were both elected Governor of Idaho for a two-year term, Chase Clark serving from 1941 to 1943. After losing his 1942 reelection bid, Chase Clark was appointed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Her cousin D. Worth Clark represented Idaho in Washington as a member of the U.S. House and later the U.S. Senate. While attending Idaho Falls High School, Clark participated in the debate club and student government. After her father was elected governor during her senior year, the family moved to Boise. While attending Boise High School, Bethine met junior Frank Church and they became close friends. After graduation in 1941, she attended Boise Junior College (now Boise State University) for a year, and was elected freshman class vice president. Frank Church graduated from Boise High in 1942 and enrolled at Stanford University in California; Clark transferred to the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, \"her father's alma mater,\" and graduated in 1945 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology. While Clark was in Ann Arbor and after, she and Church stayed in touch by letters.", "Vithe Vithe is a village in akole Tahshil of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra state of India. Vithe is the village on the bank of Pravara river. Vithe is also rich with natural resources. The forest in village is very much famous for variety of wild life. Peacock, Tiger, Lizard, Monkey and many more type of animals and birds are main attraction of forests in Vithe. These forests is under control of Government of Maharashtra. In Vithe the Government of Maharashtra has provided on Primary Health Center (i.e. Government Hospital) with latest equipment required. This Hospital is life line of patients of rural area. All near by villages like Chintalwedhe, Nimbral, Thakarwadi Chinchmali, Bhjdhari and Nirgudewadi take benefits of this hospital. In Vithe HBP Savitra-aai Vidyalaya is main source of education for Students of secondary school. This high school starts from 8th to 10th Standard. All near by villages like Chintalwedhe, Nimbral, Thakarwadi Chinchmali, Bhojdari and Nirgudewadi take benefits of this High school. In the north of Vithe, nearest village is \u201cNimbral\u201d, In south \u201cPadalane\u201d, In In east \u201cRumbhodi\u201d and \u201cAambad\u201d and in West \u201cChintalwedhe\u201d. Vithe is 13 km from Akole and 7 km from Rajur. The State highway Kolhar-Ghoti passes through village. MSRTC buses are available from both Akole and Rajur to reach in Vithe. Vithe is rich with its beauty of Nature and Natural resources. One of the natures gift in Vithe is waterfall present in the mountain of Sahyadri."], "answer": {"text": "sponsor of the national Wilderness Act.", "answer_start": 242}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_38f8a0d392a2429d8cd43143152124d4_0_q#1", "question": "When was he a sponsor of this Act?", "rewrite": "When was Frank Church a sponsor of The National Wilderness Act?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["While designation as a wilderness area in the United States generally requires the prohibition of any motorized machinery, the use of jetboats (On the Main Fork of the Salmon River) and several airstrips are permitted in this wilderness as grandfathered existing uses before the wilderness was designated. The Frank Church\u2014River of No Return Wilderness is located in six different national forests plus a relatively tiny portion of land of the Bureau of Land Management, more components than any other wilderness. In descending order of acreage they are: In 1931, 1,090,000 acres (4,400 km) in Central Idaho were declared by the U.S. Forest Service as The Idaho Primitive Area. In 1963, the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness was split into three parts: The Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive area, and the Magruder Corridor\u2014the land between the two areas. Frank Church was the Senate floor sponsor for the Wilderness Act of 1964, which protected 9 million acres (36,000 km) of United States land as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. In 1968, he introduced the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, which included the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, so that rivers \"shall be preserved in free-flowing condition, and that they and their immediate environments shall be protected for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations.\" Church's environmental legislation culminated in 1980 with the passage of the Central Idaho Wilderness Act. The act created the River of No Return Wilderness by combining the Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, and a portion of the Magruder Corridor. The Act also added of the Salmon River to the Wild and Scenic Rivers System.", "Gospel Hump Wilderness The Gospel Hump Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it received wilderness designation on February 24, 1978 through the passage of the Endangered American Wilderness Act and is part of Nez Perce National Forest. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Gospel Hump Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. The Nez Perce people lived in Idaho as early as 6000 BCE, and the area that is now the Gospel Hump Wilderness was used by them long before the arrival of settlers. In 1861 gold was discovered in Florence, Idaho, just outside the wilderness's boundary. A quartz vein at the base of Buffalo Hump was discovered in 1898, which sparked a gold rush before mining subsided in 1903. Remnants of mines and other structures remain in the wilderness. The wilderness was formally established on February 24, 1978 when Congress passed Public Law 95-237. When the Gospel Hump Wilderness is combined with the adjacent Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area and the surrounding unprotected inventoried roadless area, it is part of a wilderness-roadless area complex. To the north of the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area lies the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. These two large Wilderness areas are separated only by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor), connecting Red River, Idaho to Darby, Montana. Negating the Magruder Corridor, the Selway-Bitterroot, Gospel Hump and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Areas constitute the largest intact piece of wildland in the United States outside of Alaska. A management plan was established in 1983 and provides guidance for the Forest Service on management of the wilderness.", "The Wilderness Act is considered one of America's bedrock conservation laws and was written by The Wilderness Society's former Executive Director Howard Zahniser. Passed by Congress in 1964, the Wilderness Act created the National Wilderness Preservation System, which now protects nearly 110 million acres of designated wilderness areas throughout the United States. Among the first wilderness areas created by the act were: Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota; Bridger Wilderness, Wyoming; Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana; and Ansel Adams Wilderness, California. The Wilderness Society has campaigned for the passage of wilderness bills as a means to permanently protect significant and unspoiled wildlands in the United States. Since the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964, the National Wilderness Preservation System has grown to more than 109 million acres. One of The Wilderness Society \u2019s specialties is creating coalitions consisting of environmental groups, as well as representatives of sportsmen, ranchers, scientists, business owners, and others. It states that it bases its work in science and economic analysis, often enabling conservationists to strengthen the case for land protection by documenting potential scientific and economic dividends. The Wilderness Society played a major role in passage of the following bills:   The Wilderness Society mobilizes public support for legislation that protects public lands through protective wildlands designations. This includes adding new wilderness areas and national monuments into U.S. public lands systems. The Wilderness Society supports legislation that protects unspoiled public lands as designated \"Wilderness.\" A wilderness designation is the highest form of protection the government can give to any public land. Under the Wilderness Act, designated wilderness areas are protected, permanently, from new development, commercial activities, and motorized vehicles. As of 2016, the wilderness system contained more than 109 million acres of protected wilderness lands. This system includes more than 750 wilderness areas in all 50 states.", "Church is also remembered for his voting record as a strong progressive and environmental legislator, and he played a major role in the creation of the nation's system of protected wilderness areas in the 1960s. In 1964, Church was the floor sponsor of the national Wilderness Act. In 1968, he sponsored the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and gained passage of a ten-year moratorium on federal plans to transfer water from the Pacific Northwest to California. Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states, Church helped establish the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area along the Oregon-Idaho border, which protected the gorge from dam building. He was also the primary proponent in the establishment of the Sawtooth Wilderness and National Recreation Area in central Idaho in 1972. Church also was instrumental in the creation of Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness in 1980, his final year in the Senate. This wilderness comprised the old Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, plus additional lands. At 2.36 million acres (9,550 km2), over 3,600 square miles (9,300 km2), it is the largest wilderness area in the nation outside of Alaska. It was renamed the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in 1984, shortly after the diagnosis of his pancreatic cancer. Idaho Senator Jim McClure introduced the measure in the Senate in late February, and President Reagan signed the act on March 14, less than four weeks before Frank Church's death on April 7. Frank Church was considered a progressive (remarkable considering that he represented one of the most conservative states in the nation), though he was a strong opponent of gun control. He, in 1979, was the first in Congress to disclose and protest the presence of Soviet combat troops in Cuba.", "National Wilderness Preservation System The National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS) of the United States protects federally managed wilderness areas designated for preservation in their natural condition. Activity on formally designated wilderness areas is coordinated by the National Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness areas are managed by four federal land management agencies: the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The term \"wilderness\" is defined as \"an area where the earth and community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain\" and \"an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvements or human habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions.\" As of 2019, there are 803 designated wilderness areas, totaling , or about 4.5% of the area of the United States. During the 1950s and 1960s, as the American transportation system was on the rise, concern for clean air and water quality began to grow. A conservation movement began to take place with the intent of establishing designated wilderness areas. Howard Zahniser created the first draft of the Wilderness Act in 1956. It took nine years and 65 rewrites before the Wilderness Act was finally passed in 1964. The Wilderness Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-577), which established the NWPS, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 3, 1964. The Wilderness Act mandated that the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service review all federal lands under their jurisdiction for wilderness areas to include in the NWPS. The first national forest wilderness areas were established by the Wilderness Act itself. The Great Swamp in New Jersey became the first National Wildlife Refuge with formally designated wilderness in 1968."], "answer": {"text": "In 1968,", "answer_start": 282}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "answer": {"text": "sponsor of the national Wilderness Act.", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38f8a0d392a2429d8cd43143152124d4_0_q#2", "question": "Who else was involved in this Act?", "rewrite": "Who else was involved in The National Wilderness Act besides Frank Church?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["National Wilderness Preservation System The National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS) of the United States protects federally managed wilderness areas designated for preservation in their natural condition. Activity on formally designated wilderness areas is coordinated by the National Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness areas are managed by four federal land management agencies: the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The term \"wilderness\" is defined as \"an area where the earth and community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain\" and \"an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvements or human habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions.\" As of 2019, there are 803 designated wilderness areas, totaling , or about 4.5% of the area of the United States. During the 1950s and 1960s, as the American transportation system was on the rise, concern for clean air and water quality began to grow. A conservation movement began to take place with the intent of establishing designated wilderness areas. Howard Zahniser created the first draft of the Wilderness Act in 1956. It took nine years and 65 rewrites before the Wilderness Act was finally passed in 1964. The Wilderness Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-577), which established the NWPS, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 3, 1964. The Wilderness Act mandated that the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service review all federal lands under their jurisdiction for wilderness areas to include in the NWPS. The first national forest wilderness areas were established by the Wilderness Act itself. The Great Swamp in New Jersey became the first National Wildlife Refuge with formally designated wilderness in 1968.", "Gospel Hump Wilderness The Gospel Hump Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it received wilderness designation on February 24, 1978 through the passage of the Endangered American Wilderness Act and is part of Nez Perce National Forest. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Gospel Hump Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. The Nez Perce people lived in Idaho as early as 6000 BCE, and the area that is now the Gospel Hump Wilderness was used by them long before the arrival of settlers. In 1861 gold was discovered in Florence, Idaho, just outside the wilderness's boundary. A quartz vein at the base of Buffalo Hump was discovered in 1898, which sparked a gold rush before mining subsided in 1903. Remnants of mines and other structures remain in the wilderness. The wilderness was formally established on February 24, 1978 when Congress passed Public Law 95-237. When the Gospel Hump Wilderness is combined with the adjacent Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area and the surrounding unprotected inventoried roadless area, it is part of a wilderness-roadless area complex. To the north of the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area lies the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. These two large Wilderness areas are separated only by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor), connecting Red River, Idaho to Darby, Montana. Negating the Magruder Corridor, the Selway-Bitterroot, Gospel Hump and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Areas constitute the largest intact piece of wildland in the United States outside of Alaska. A management plan was established in 1983 and provides guidance for the Forest Service on management of the wilderness.", "The Wilderness Act is considered one of America's bedrock conservation laws and was written by The Wilderness Society's former Executive Director Howard Zahniser. Passed by Congress in 1964, the Wilderness Act created the National Wilderness Preservation System, which now protects nearly 110 million acres of designated wilderness areas throughout the United States. Among the first wilderness areas created by the act were: Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, Minnesota; Bridger Wilderness, Wyoming; Bob Marshall Wilderness, Montana; and Ansel Adams Wilderness, California. The Wilderness Society has campaigned for the passage of wilderness bills as a means to permanently protect significant and unspoiled wildlands in the United States. Since the passage of the Wilderness Act in 1964, the National Wilderness Preservation System has grown to more than 109 million acres. One of The Wilderness Society \u2019s specialties is creating coalitions consisting of environmental groups, as well as representatives of sportsmen, ranchers, scientists, business owners, and others. It states that it bases its work in science and economic analysis, often enabling conservationists to strengthen the case for land protection by documenting potential scientific and economic dividends. The Wilderness Society played a major role in passage of the following bills:   The Wilderness Society mobilizes public support for legislation that protects public lands through protective wildlands designations. This includes adding new wilderness areas and national monuments into U.S. public lands systems. The Wilderness Society supports legislation that protects unspoiled public lands as designated \"Wilderness.\" A wilderness designation is the highest form of protection the government can give to any public land. Under the Wilderness Act, designated wilderness areas are protected, permanently, from new development, commercial activities, and motorized vehicles. As of 2016, the wilderness system contained more than 109 million acres of protected wilderness lands. This system includes more than 750 wilderness areas in all 50 states.", "While designation as a wilderness area in the United States generally requires the prohibition of any motorized machinery, the use of jetboats (On the Main Fork of the Salmon River) and several airstrips are permitted in this wilderness as grandfathered existing uses before the wilderness was designated. The Frank Church\u2014River of No Return Wilderness is located in six different national forests plus a relatively tiny portion of land of the Bureau of Land Management, more components than any other wilderness. In descending order of acreage they are: In 1931, 1,090,000 acres (4,400 km) in Central Idaho were declared by the U.S. Forest Service as The Idaho Primitive Area. In 1963, the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness was split into three parts: The Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive area, and the Magruder Corridor\u2014the land between the two areas. Frank Church was the Senate floor sponsor for the Wilderness Act of 1964, which protected 9 million acres (36,000 km) of United States land as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. In 1968, he introduced the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, which included the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, so that rivers \"shall be preserved in free-flowing condition, and that they and their immediate environments shall be protected for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations.\" Church's environmental legislation culminated in 1980 with the passage of the Central Idaho Wilderness Act. The act created the River of No Return Wilderness by combining the Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, and a portion of the Magruder Corridor. The Act also added of the Salmon River to the Wild and Scenic Rivers System.", "Church is also remembered for his voting record as a strong progressive and environmental legislator, and he played a major role in the creation of the nation's system of protected wilderness areas in the 1960s. In 1964, Church was the floor sponsor of the national Wilderness Act. In 1968, he sponsored the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and gained passage of a ten-year moratorium on federal plans to transfer water from the Pacific Northwest to California. Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states, Church helped establish the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area along the Oregon-Idaho border, which protected the gorge from dam building. He was also the primary proponent in the establishment of the Sawtooth Wilderness and National Recreation Area in central Idaho in 1972. Church also was instrumental in the creation of Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness in 1980, his final year in the Senate. This wilderness comprised the old Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, plus additional lands. At 2.36 million acres (9,550 km2), over 3,600 square miles (9,300 km2), it is the largest wilderness area in the nation outside of Alaska. It was renamed the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in 1984, shortly after the diagnosis of his pancreatic cancer. Idaho Senator Jim McClure introduced the measure in the Senate in late February, and President Reagan signed the act on March 14, less than four weeks before Frank Church's death on April 7. Frank Church was considered a progressive (remarkable considering that he represented one of the most conservative states in the nation), though he was a strong opponent of gun control. He, in 1979, was the first in Congress to disclose and protest the presence of Soviet combat troops in Cuba."], "answer": {"text": "Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states,", "answer_start": 456}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "answer": {"text": "sponsor of the national Wilderness Act.", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he a sponsor of this Act?", "answer": {"text": "In 1968,", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38f8a0d392a2429d8cd43143152124d4_0_q#3", "question": "What was his political afiliation?", "rewrite": "What was Frank Church's  political affiliation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gospel Hump Wilderness The Gospel Hump Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it received wilderness designation on February 24, 1978 through the passage of the Endangered American Wilderness Act and is part of Nez Perce National Forest. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Gospel Hump Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. The Nez Perce people lived in Idaho as early as 6000 BCE, and the area that is now the Gospel Hump Wilderness was used by them long before the arrival of settlers. In 1861 gold was discovered in Florence, Idaho, just outside the wilderness's boundary. A quartz vein at the base of Buffalo Hump was discovered in 1898, which sparked a gold rush before mining subsided in 1903. Remnants of mines and other structures remain in the wilderness. The wilderness was formally established on February 24, 1978 when Congress passed Public Law 95-237. When the Gospel Hump Wilderness is combined with the adjacent Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area and the surrounding unprotected inventoried roadless area, it is part of a wilderness-roadless area complex. To the north of the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area lies the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. These two large Wilderness areas are separated only by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor), connecting Red River, Idaho to Darby, Montana. Negating the Magruder Corridor, the Selway-Bitterroot, Gospel Hump and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Areas constitute the largest intact piece of wildland in the United States outside of Alaska. A management plan was established in 1983 and provides guidance for the Forest Service on management of the wilderness.", "Nez Perce Pass Nez Perce Pass is a mountain pass in the Bitterroot Mountains on the border between the U.S. states of Idaho and Montana. The pass is at an elevation of above sea level. The Nez Perce Pass Trailhead offers access to the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness and the Frank Church\u2014River of No Return Wilderness. The pass is located \"between Wildernesses nearly twice as large as the combined states of Delaware and Rhode Island,\" on what is \"probably one of the wildest roads in the United States.\" To the north is the 1.2-million-acre Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness and to the south the 2.2-million-acre Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness. These areas comprise over 11% of the Congressionally established Wilderness area in the 48 contiguous states. A sign honoring Doris Milner of Hamilton, Montana \"graces the Montana side\" of the pass. \" A sign honoring Idaho Senator Frank Church identifies the Idaho side ... Both Milner and Church helped add thousands of square miles of Montana and Idaho forest to the nation's wilderness system.\" Forest Road 468, Nez Perce Road, also known as Magruder Corridor Road, crosses the pass. It is unpaved, and has no services for 117 miles. \"The road has changed little since its construction by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) during the 1930s. It has been known by several names, such as The Southern Nez Perce Trail, The Elk City to Darby Road, The Montana Road, and The Parker Trail.\" \"The landscape is much the same as when the Nez Perce and early travelers crossed the area.\"", "Church is also remembered for his voting record as a strong progressive and environmental legislator, and he played a major role in the creation of the nation's system of protected wilderness areas in the 1960s. In 1964, Church was the floor sponsor of the national Wilderness Act. In 1968, he sponsored the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and gained passage of a ten-year moratorium on federal plans to transfer water from the Pacific Northwest to California. Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states, Church helped establish the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area along the Oregon-Idaho border, which protected the gorge from dam building. He was also the primary proponent in the establishment of the Sawtooth Wilderness and National Recreation Area in central Idaho in 1972. Church also was instrumental in the creation of Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness in 1980, his final year in the Senate. This wilderness comprised the old Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, plus additional lands. At 2.36 million acres (9,550 km2), over 3,600 square miles (9,300 km2), it is the largest wilderness area in the nation outside of Alaska. It was renamed the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in 1984, shortly after the diagnosis of his pancreatic cancer. Idaho Senator Jim McClure introduced the measure in the Senate in late February, and President Reagan signed the act on March 14, less than four weeks before Frank Church's death on April 7. Frank Church was considered a progressive (remarkable considering that he represented one of the most conservative states in the nation), though he was a strong opponent of gun control. He, in 1979, was the first in Congress to disclose and protest the presence of Soviet combat troops in Cuba.", "Bethine Clark Church Jean Bethine Clark Church (February 19, 1923 \u2013 December 21, 2013), was the spouse of U.S. Senator Frank Church of Idaho. As politically active as her husband, she earned the nickname of \"Idaho's third senator.\" Born in Mackay, Idaho, to Jean Elizabeth Burnett and Chase A. Clark, Bethine Clark's family was prominent in Idaho politics during the first half of the 20th century. Her grandfather Joseph was elected the first mayor of Idaho Falls in 1900. Chase Clark and Bethine's uncle, Barzilla Clark, both served as mayor of Idaho Falls and were both elected Governor of Idaho for a two-year term, Chase Clark serving from 1941 to 1943. After losing his 1942 reelection bid, Chase Clark was appointed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Her cousin D. Worth Clark represented Idaho in Washington as a member of the U.S. House and later the U.S. Senate. While attending Idaho Falls High School, Clark participated in the debate club and student government. After her father was elected governor during her senior year, the family moved to Boise. While attending Boise High School, Bethine met junior Frank Church and they became close friends. After graduation in 1941, she attended Boise Junior College (now Boise State University) for a year, and was elected freshman class vice president. Frank Church graduated from Boise High in 1942 and enrolled at Stanford University in California; Clark transferred to the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, \"her father's alma mater,\" and graduated in 1945 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology. While Clark was in Ann Arbor and after, she and Church stayed in touch by letters.", "Frank Church\u2013River of No Return Wilderness The Frank Church\u2014River of No Return Wilderness Area is a protected wilderness area in Idaho. It was created in 1980 by the United States Congress and renamed in 1984 as the \"Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area\" in honor of U.S. Senator Frank Church. At , it is the largest contiguous federally managed wilderness in the United States outside of Alaska, which is second in area only to the contiguous area of the \"state\"-managed Adirondack Park in upstate New York, which contains some 46% of its state-managed area of 9,375 square miles (24,281 km) as wilderness parkland. The Death Valley Wilderness is the largest single designated area but consists of numerous disconnected units. The wilderness protects several mountain ranges, extensive wildlife, and a popular whitewater rafting river: the Salmon River. Together with the adjacent Gospel Hump Wilderness and surrounding unprotected roadless Forest Service land, it is the core of a 3.3 million acre (13,000 km) roadless area. It is separated from the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, to the north, by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor). The wilderness contains parts of several mountain ranges, including the Salmon River Mountains, the Clearwater Mountains, and the Bighorn Crags. The ranges are split by steep canyons of the Middle and Main forks of the Salmon River. The Salmon River is a popular destination for whitewater rafting, and is colloquially known as the \"River of No Return\" for its swift current which makes upstream travel difficult. Most of the area is covered by coniferous forests, with dry, open land along the rivers at lower elevations."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "answer": {"text": "sponsor of the national Wilderness Act.", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he a sponsor of this Act?", "answer": {"text": "In 1968,", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in this Act?", "answer": {"text": "Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38f8a0d392a2429d8cd43143152124d4_0_q#4", "question": "What else did he do as a politician?", "rewrite": "What else did Frank Church do as a politician besides The Wilderness act?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While designation as a wilderness area in the United States generally requires the prohibition of any motorized machinery, the use of jetboats (On the Main Fork of the Salmon River) and several airstrips are permitted in this wilderness as grandfathered existing uses before the wilderness was designated. The Frank Church\u2014River of No Return Wilderness is located in six different national forests plus a relatively tiny portion of land of the Bureau of Land Management, more components than any other wilderness. In descending order of acreage they are: In 1931, 1,090,000 acres (4,400 km) in Central Idaho were declared by the U.S. Forest Service as The Idaho Primitive Area. In 1963, the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness was split into three parts: The Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive area, and the Magruder Corridor\u2014the land between the two areas. Frank Church was the Senate floor sponsor for the Wilderness Act of 1964, which protected 9 million acres (36,000 km) of United States land as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. In 1968, he introduced the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, which included the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, so that rivers \"shall be preserved in free-flowing condition, and that they and their immediate environments shall be protected for the benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations.\" Church's environmental legislation culminated in 1980 with the passage of the Central Idaho Wilderness Act. The act created the River of No Return Wilderness by combining the Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, and a portion of the Magruder Corridor. The Act also added of the Salmon River to the Wild and Scenic Rivers System.", "Church is also remembered for his voting record as a strong progressive and environmental legislator, and he played a major role in the creation of the nation's system of protected wilderness areas in the 1960s. In 1964, Church was the floor sponsor of the national Wilderness Act. In 1968, he sponsored the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and gained passage of a ten-year moratorium on federal plans to transfer water from the Pacific Northwest to California. Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states, Church helped establish the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area along the Oregon-Idaho border, which protected the gorge from dam building. He was also the primary proponent in the establishment of the Sawtooth Wilderness and National Recreation Area in central Idaho in 1972. Church also was instrumental in the creation of Idaho's River of No Return Wilderness in 1980, his final year in the Senate. This wilderness comprised the old Idaho Primitive Area, the Salmon River Breaks Primitive Area, plus additional lands. At 2.36 million acres (9,550 km2), over 3,600 square miles (9,300 km2), it is the largest wilderness area in the nation outside of Alaska. It was renamed the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness in 1984, shortly after the diagnosis of his pancreatic cancer. Idaho Senator Jim McClure introduced the measure in the Senate in late February, and President Reagan signed the act on March 14, less than four weeks before Frank Church's death on April 7. Frank Church was considered a progressive (remarkable considering that he represented one of the most conservative states in the nation), though he was a strong opponent of gun control. He, in 1979, was the first in Congress to disclose and protest the presence of Soviet combat troops in Cuba.", "Wilderness Act The Wilderness Act of 1964 () was written by Howard Zahniser of The Wilderness Society. It created the legal definition of wilderness in the United States, and protected 9.1 million acres (37,000 km\u00b2) of federal land. The result of a long effort to protect federal wilderness and to create a formal mechanism for designating wilderness, the Wilderness Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 3, 1964 after over sixty drafts and eight years of work. The Wilderness Act is well known for its succinct and poetic definition of wilderness: \"A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain.\" - Howard Zahniser When Congress passed and President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Wilderness Act on September 3, 1964, it created the National Wilderness Preservation System. The initial statutory wilderness areas, designated in the Act, comprised 9.1 million acres (37,000 km\u00b2) of national forest wilderness areas in the United States of America previously protected by administrative orders. The current amount of areas designated by the NWPS as wilderness totals 757 areas encompassing 109.5 million acres of federally owned land in 44 states and Puerto Rico (5% of the land in the United States). Wilderness Act land is chosen from existing federal land and by determining which areas are considered to have the following criteria: Additionally, areas considered as wilderness should have no commercial enterprises within them or any motorized travel (e.g.; vehicles, motorcycles). When Congress designates each wilderness area, it includes a very specific boundary line in statutory law. Once a wilderness area has been added to the system, its protection and boundary can be altered only by Congress.", "Frank Church\u2013River of No Return Wilderness The Frank Church\u2014River of No Return Wilderness Area is a protected wilderness area in Idaho. It was created in 1980 by the United States Congress and renamed in 1984 as the \"Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area\" in honor of U.S. Senator Frank Church. At , it is the largest contiguous federally managed wilderness in the United States outside of Alaska, which is second in area only to the contiguous area of the \"state\"-managed Adirondack Park in upstate New York, which contains some 46% of its state-managed area of 9,375 square miles (24,281 km) as wilderness parkland. The Death Valley Wilderness is the largest single designated area but consists of numerous disconnected units. The wilderness protects several mountain ranges, extensive wildlife, and a popular whitewater rafting river: the Salmon River. Together with the adjacent Gospel Hump Wilderness and surrounding unprotected roadless Forest Service land, it is the core of a 3.3 million acre (13,000 km) roadless area. It is separated from the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness, to the north, by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor). The wilderness contains parts of several mountain ranges, including the Salmon River Mountains, the Clearwater Mountains, and the Bighorn Crags. The ranges are split by steep canyons of the Middle and Main forks of the Salmon River. The Salmon River is a popular destination for whitewater rafting, and is colloquially known as the \"River of No Return\" for its swift current which makes upstream travel difficult. Most of the area is covered by coniferous forests, with dry, open land along the rivers at lower elevations.", "Gospel Hump Wilderness The Gospel Hump Wilderness is a federally-protected wilderness area that covers of the state of Idaho. Managed by the U.S. Forest Service in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it received wilderness designation on February 24, 1978 through the passage of the Endangered American Wilderness Act and is part of Nez Perce National Forest. As part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, the Gospel Hump Wilderness is an area where human development and use are restricted and people are to remain only visitors. The Nez Perce people lived in Idaho as early as 6000 BCE, and the area that is now the Gospel Hump Wilderness was used by them long before the arrival of settlers. In 1861 gold was discovered in Florence, Idaho, just outside the wilderness's boundary. A quartz vein at the base of Buffalo Hump was discovered in 1898, which sparked a gold rush before mining subsided in 1903. Remnants of mines and other structures remain in the wilderness. The wilderness was formally established on February 24, 1978 when Congress passed Public Law 95-237. When the Gospel Hump Wilderness is combined with the adjacent Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area and the surrounding unprotected inventoried roadless area, it is part of a wilderness-roadless area complex. To the north of the Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Area lies the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area. These two large Wilderness areas are separated only by a single dirt road (the Magruder Corridor), connecting Red River, Idaho to Darby, Montana. Negating the Magruder Corridor, the Selway-Bitterroot, Gospel Hump and Frank Church-River of No Return Wilderness Areas constitute the largest intact piece of wildland in the United States outside of Alaska. A management plan was established in 1983 and provides guidance for the Forest Service on management of the wilderness."], "answer": {"text": "Church also sponsored, along with Pennsylvania Republican John Heinz, the \"conscience clause,", "answer_start": 1032}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "answer": {"text": "sponsor of the national Wilderness Act.", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he a sponsor of this Act?", "answer": {"text": "In 1968,", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in this Act?", "answer": {"text": "Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his political afiliation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38f8a0d392a2429d8cd43143152124d4_0_q#5", "question": "Who else was relevant in Churches political life?", "rewrite": "Who else was relevant in Frank Churches political life besides John Heinz?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack Heinz Henry John Heinz II (July 10, 1908 \u2013 February 23, 1987) was an American business executive and CEO of the H. J. Heinz Company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. His grandfather Henry J. Heinz founded the company in the nineteenth century, and he worked in a variety of positions within the company before becoming CEO. Heinz II was the father of John Heinz, elected as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives and U.S. Senate, who died in a plane crash in 1991. Heinz was born in Pittsburgh to Howard Covode Heinz and Elizabeth Granger (Rust) Heinz. His grandfather Henry J. Heinz had founded the H. J. Heinz Company, and his father worked for the company for decades, becoming president after the founder died. Heinz II was educated at Choate, and graduated from Yale University, where he was a member of the Skull and Bones secret society. He also earned a degree from Oxford University. During the summers, he worked for his father's Heinz Company in the pickling and salting stations, as bookkeeper and as handyman. He later joined the sales force in England. Heinz had some early political experience. He served as the Pittsburgh Fire Bureau Chief from 1935 until 1936, and then as Allegheny County Sheriff for Pittsburgh from 1938 until 1942. Heinz married Joan Diehl, a pioneer aviator, in 1935. They were the parents of one son, H.J. Heinz III. They established their home, Rosemont Farm, in the Fox Chapel suburb of Pittsburgh. The couple divorced in 1942. In 1953, Heinz married Drue Maher, with whom he shared a love of philanthropy, skiing, art collecting and world travel. Heinz started work early in his grandfather's company, learning every aspect of the business.", "John Heinz Henry John Heinz III (October 23, 1938 \u2013 April 4, 1991) was an American businessman and politician from Pennsylvania. A Republican, Heinz served in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977, and in the United States Senate from 1977 until he was killed in a plane crash in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, in 1991. Henry John Heinz III was born on October 23, 1938, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Joan (Diehl) and H. J. \"Jack\" Heinz II, heir to the H. J. Heinz Company. An only child, Heinz moved to San Francisco, California, with his mother and stepfather, U.S. Navy Captain Clayton Chot \"Monty\" McCauley following his parents' divorce in 1942. Although he was raised and primarily resided in San Francisco throughout his childhood, Heinz often spent the summer months with his father in Pittsburgh. In 1956, Heinz graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy. He then attended and graduated from Yale University in 1960, majoring in History, Arts and Letters, where Theodore Stebbins was his roommate. Heinz subsequently graduated from Harvard Business School in 1963. It was during his years at Harvard, during summer break, that he met his future wife, Teresa Sim\u00f5es Ferreira, who attended the University of Geneva. Upon graduating from Harvard Business School in 1963, Heinz served in the United States Air Force Reserve and was on active duty during the same year. He remained in the Air Force Reserve until 1969. Before entering politics, Heinz served as an assistant to Pennsylvania Republican U.S. Senator Hugh Scott and played an active role as assistant campaign manager during Scott's campaign for re-election. Heinz then worked in the financial and marketing division of the H. J. Heinz Company between 1965 and 1970, after which he became a professor of business at the Carnegie Mellon University's Graduate School of Industrial Administration.", "Henry J. Heinz Henry John Heinz (October 14, 1844 \u2013 May 14, 1919) was a German-American entrepreneur who founded the H. J. Heinz Company based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was born in that city, the son of German immigrants who came independently to the United States in the early 1840s. Heinz developed his business into a national company which made more than 60 food products; one of its first was tomato ketchup. He was influential for introducing high sanitary standards for food manufacturing. He also exercised a paternal relationship with his workers, providing health benefits, recreation facilities, and cultural amenities. Heinz was the great-grandfather of former U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III of Pennsylvania and a second cousin of Frederick Trump, paternal grandfather of Donald J. Trump, 45th president of the United States. Henry John Heinz was born in Pittsburgh on October 14, 1844, the son of German immigrants John Henry Heinz (1811\u20131891), of Kallstadt, Palatinate, Kingdom of Bavaria, and Anna Margaretha Schmidt (1822\u20131899), of Kruspis, Haunetal, Hesse-Kassel. His father immigrated to the United States at age 29 in 1840, his mother at age 21 in 1843. They were married December 4, 1843, in Birmingham, Pennsylvania, on the south side of Pittsburgh, where they first met. Anna Schmidt was the daughter of a Lutheran minister; John Heinz was also Lutheran. Heinz was raised and confirmed as a Lutheran. Later in life he also worshipped as a member of Methodist and Presbyterian churches, and worked closely with Baptists as well. Through his mother's family, Henry Heinz was a second cousin to Frederick Trump, who emigrated to the United States in 1885. Trump was the immigrant ancestor and paternal grandfather of Donald Trump of New York City, the 45th President of the United States.", "H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment The H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment, is a nonpartisan nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington D.C. The Center seeks to bring together representatives of business, government, the scientific community and the environment community to collaborate on the development of environmental policy and science-based solutions to environmental challenges to society. The Heinz Center is best known as the creator of the \"State of the Nation's Ecosystems\" reports, which have become seminal references for U.S. policy makers and environmental managers on the conditions of and trends in U.S. ecosystems and habitats and the goods and services they provide. The Center was founded in 1995, in tribute to U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III of Pennsylvania after his untimely death in 1991. The Heinz Center was conceived of by the wife of the late Senator H. John Heinz III, Teresa Heinz, who had a vision for a Center where experts from business, science, government and non-governmental organizations could come together to solve seemingly intractable environmental challenges. Following Senator Heinz' death in 1991, The Vera I. Heinz Endowment and several others made a $20 million gift, one of the largest grants ever made to the environment, to create the John Heinz Center, in memory of Senator Heinz. The Center was founded in 1995 in Washington D.C. The State of The Nation's Ecosystems was designed to provide an impartial and comprehensive understanding of the state of and trends in ecosystems, much the way decision makers use gross domestic product (GDP) to gauge national economic health. As part of the project, The Heinz Center published two \"State of the Nation's Ecosystems\" reports, one in 2002 and one in 2008, and a report on environmental data gaps and policy roadmap for environmental information.", "Heinz was the grandfather of H. J. Heinz II, the great-grandfather of U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III of Pennsylvania, and great-great grandfather of Henry John Heinz IV, Andr\u00e9 Thierstein Heinz and Christopher Drake Heinz. Another relative is Teresa Heinz-Kerry, widow of H. John Heinz III, who is married to ex-senator and former United States Secretary of State John Kerry. Heinz married Sarah Sloan Young Heinz on September 3, 1869. She was of Scottish-Irish ancestry and had grown up in the Presbyterian Church. They had five children: They were raised as Presbyterians. Heinz was a man of faith. When he visited England, his \"tourist stops\" included the graves of religious leaders John Bunyan, Isaac Watts, and John Wesley. He visited a chapel that Wesley founded, later writing that \"I felt I was upon holy ground. \" At the beginning of his will Heinz wrote: \"I desire to set forth, at the very beginning of this Will, as the most important item in it, a confession of my faith in Jesus Christ as my Savior.\" A bronze statue of Heinz by Emil Fuchs was dedicated on October 11, 1924 at the Heinz Company building in Pittsburgh. Heinz died at his home May 14, 1919, after contracting pneumonia. His funeral was at East Liberty Presbyterian Church. He was buried at Homewood Cemetery in Pittsburgh, in the Heinz Family Mausoleum."], "answer": {"text": "Frank Moss,", "answer_start": 249}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "answer": {"text": "sponsor of the national Wilderness Act.", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he a sponsor of this Act?", "answer": {"text": "In 1968,", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in this Act?", "answer": {"text": "Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his political afiliation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do as a politician?", "answer": {"text": "Church also sponsored, along with Pennsylvania Republican John Heinz, the \"conscience clause,", "answer_start": 1032, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_38f8a0d392a2429d8cd43143152124d4_0_q#6", "question": "What did Frank Moss do?", "rewrite": "What did Frank Moss do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frank Moss (Virginian) Frank Moss (born 1823) was a free born nineteenth-century African-American farmer and politician from Buckingham County, Virginia. Moss was born in Buckingham County, Virginia of an African-American family that had been free for several generations. He married Amanda Moss (9 years younger than he), and they had a daughter Mary Moss (b. 1857) and sons Davy Moss (b. 1860), George Moss (b. 1862), Benjamin Moss (b. 1866) and Frank Moss (b. 1878), although by 1880 neither Mary nor Davy lived with their parents. Moss farmed in Buckingham County near the James River, with the nearest post office at Curdsville, Virginia. As a minister, he held a leadership position, particularly among African Americans in his county and neighboring Appomattox County. In 1867, Buckingham County voters elected Moss to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868. A Republican, he was the sole delegate for Buckingham County alone, although J. Henry Williams represented part of Buckingham County, together with Amherst and Nelson Counties, all in Virginia's central Piedmont region and during that convention. After Virginia voters overwhelmingly approved the constitution crafted by that convention, Appomattox and Buckingham County voters elected Moss to the Virginia state Senate, where he served one term (a part-time position; during the 1869/70 and 1870/71 General Assembly sessions). By the 1870 census, Moss owned 15 acres, and added to his landholding in 1875; the 1880 census enumerates his land as 25 acres tilled and 80 acres of woodland, appraising it as worth $600, with an additional $90 of livestock and $200 of equipment, so he was among the wealthier farmers in his district. After redistricting of his senate district to include Fluvanna County, Moss ran for the House of Delegates instead.", "Frank Moss Bennett Frank Moss Bennett (1874\u20131952) was a British painter of portraits, historical scenes and architecture. He was known for his posthumous portraits, particularly of soldiers killed during the First World War, which were commissioned by grieving relatives as a remembrance of their sons and husbands. Frank Moss Bennett was born on 15 November 1874 in Liverpool, England. He was educated at the Clifton College, a private boarding school in Bristol. He then studied at the Slade School of Fine Art, St John's Wood Art School, and the Royal Academy of Arts in London. He also spent a year travelling in Italy. He painted portraits as well as historic and religious paintings. His work was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1898 to 1928 as well as the Liverpool Art Gallery from 1899 to 1932. More recently, his work has been auctioned by Christie's and Bonhams. His portrait of Theodore Martin is at the National Portrait Gallery in London. He married Margaret Alma Pellew in 1907. They had a son, Edward Fleetwood Pellew, and a daughter, Barbara Francis. They resided in London. By 1938, they moved to Whetcombe Barton farm in Newton Abbot, Devon. Bennett died on 23 February 1952 at Whetcombe Barton, Newton Abbot, England.", "Frank Moss was the younger brother of Ralph Slazenger Moss (birth registered during second \u00bc 1844 in Warrington district), Mordecai Moss (birth registered during second \u00bc 1845 in Warrington district), Sara Slazenger Moss (birth registered during third \u00bc 1847 in Warrington district), Frances Ann Slazenger Moss (Frankenburg), Ada Slazenger Moss (Cohen), Marion Slazenger Moss (birth registered during third \u00bc 1853 in Manchester district), Isaac \"Jack\" Slazenger Moss (birth registered during second \u00bc 1855 in Manchester district), rugby union footballer for Broughton RUFC, Albert (Egerton Legh) Slazenger Moss (birth registered during first \u00bc 1857 in Manchester district), rugby union footballer for Broughton RUFC, Horatio \"Slosh\" Slazenger Moss (birth registered during fourth \u00bc 1858 in Manchester district), and the older brother of Isabel \"Belle\" Slazenger Moss (birth registered during fourth \u00bc 1861 in Manchester district), and Mindale Slazenger Moss. Frank Moss was the husband of Blanche (n\u00e9e Mayer) (born ) of 8439 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, they married on the evening of Monday 10 June 1907, they were the parents of Mary Slazenger Moss (born ).", "Frank Moss (rugby union) Frank Jacob Slazenger Moss (birth registered first \u00bc 1860 \u2013 9 August 1938) was an English rugby union footballer who played in the 1880s. He played at representative level for England, and Lancashire, and at club level for Broughton RUFC, as a forward. Frank Moss was born at 159 York Street, Cheetham, Manchester, Lancashire, and he died aged 78 of a heart attack in Belgrade, Maine, United States. Frank Moss won caps for England while at Broughton RUFC in the 1885 Home Nations Championship against Wales, and Ireland, and in the 1886 Home Nations Championship against Wales. Frank Moss won cap(s) for Lancashire while at Broughton RUFC including against Middlesex at The Oval on Saturday 12 March 1887, that was attended by the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), and is believed to be the first rugby match attended by royalty. Frank Moss' older brothers; Ralph Slazenger Moss and Albert Slazenger Moss founded the British sporting goods manufacturer Slazenger at Cannon Street, London in 1881. Frank Moss emigrated to New York City to manage the Slazenger business in the United States, opening a store on East 15th Street, Manhattan, New York in 1889, and later moving to East 28th Street, he took out several golf and tennis equipment patents. Frank Moss was the son of Joseph Moss, a tailor and draper, a descendant of Jewish German immigrants of the late-1700s.", "Frank Moss (lawyer)  Frank Moss (March 16, 1860 \u2013 June 5, 1920) was an American lawyer, reformer and author. He was involved in many of the reform movements in New York City shortly before the start of the 20th century up until his death. As a longtime assistant to District Attorney Charles S. Whitman, he was involved in several high-profile criminal cases such as the Rosenthal murder trial in which police detective Charles Becker was found guilty of murder and executed. Frank Moss was born in Cold Spring, New York in 1860 and moved to New York City as a child. Attending New York City College, he became involved in \"vice crusades\" and other reform movements while studying to pass the bar. Early in his legal career, he held important positions such as president of the City Vigilance League and president of the Society for the Prevention of Crime. He was also a member of the Union League Club and Republican Club. While council for Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, Moss helped police in closing down gambling dens belonging to the On Leong Tong in Chinatown. Much of the information was supplied by Mock Duck, a rival underworld figure of Tom Lee and the On Leongs, and who quickly assumed control of these establishments after they were closed. In appreciation, Mock Duck replaced the traditional joss in the Hip Sing Tong House with a crayon portrait of Moss. Moss first came to prominence during the Lexow and Mazet investigations, as an associate and chief council respectively, where he established himself as an aggressive prosecutor and investigator. While cross-examining Tammany Hall leader Richard Croker during the Mazet inquiry, Moss was able to provoke him into stating the now famous statement admitting his corruption: \"I am working for my pocket all the time, just like you, Mr. Moss\". In 1897, he succeeded Theodore Roosevelt as president of the Board of Police Commissioners."], "answer": {"text": "sponsor the first legislation to provide federal funding for hospice care programs.", "answer_start": 272}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Frank Church study Environmental record for most of Church's life?", "answer": {"text": "sponsor of the national Wilderness Act.", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he a sponsor of this Act?", "answer": {"text": "In 1968,", "answer_start": 282, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in this Act?", "answer": {"text": "Working with other members of Congress from northwestern states,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his political afiliation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do as a politician?", "answer": {"text": "Church also sponsored, along with Pennsylvania Republican John Heinz, the \"conscience clause,", "answer_start": 1032, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who else was relevant in Churches political life?", "answer": {"text": "Frank Moss,", "answer_start": 249, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1889cdd7dbbb4e31b0c0664842e4ec24_0_q#0", "question": "What happened during the 1991-1995 Second World Series title?", "rewrite": "What happened during the 1991-1995 Second World Series title?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Led by Jackie Robinson, the first black Major League Baseball player of the modern era; and three-time National League Most Valuable Player Roy Campanella, also signed out of the Negro Leagues, the Dodgers captured their first World Series title in 1955 by defeating the Yankees for the first time, a story notably described in the 1972 book \"The Boys of Summer\". Following the 1957 season the team left Brooklyn. In just their second season in Los Angeles, the Dodgers won their second World Series title, beating the Chicago White Sox in six games in 1959. Spearheaded by the dominant pitching style of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, the Dodgers captured three pennants in the 1960s and won two more World Series titles, sweeping the Yankees in four games in 1963, and edging the Minnesota Twins in seven in 1965. The 1963 sweep was their second victory against the Yankees, and their first against them as a Los Angeles team. The Dodgers won four more pennants in 1966, 1974, 1977 and 1978, but lost in each World Series appearance. They went on to win the World Series again in 1981, thanks in part to pitching sensation Fernando Valenzuela. The early 1980s were affectionately dubbed \"Fernandomania.\" In 1988, another pitching hero, Orel Hershiser, again led them to a World Series victory, aided by one of the most memorable home runs of all time, by their injured star outfielder Kirk Gibson coming off the bench to pinch hit with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of game 1, in his only appearance of the series. The Dodgers won the pennant in 2017 and 2018, but lost the World Series to the Houston Astros and Boston Red Sox respectively. The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season.", "The Texas Rangers were twice only one strike away from winning their first World Series title in 2011, but the St. Louis Cardinals' David Freese, the eventual Series MVP, drove in both the tying and winning runs late in Game 6 to force a Game 7. In 2013, the Boston Red Sox won their third World Series of the 2000s, this time at Fenway Park for the first time since 1918. The Kansas City Royals reached the World Series in 2014, which was their first appearance in the postseason since winning the series in 1985. At the time, it was the longest postseason drought in baseball. They lost in seven games to the Giants. The following season, the Royals finished with the American League's best record, and won a second consecutive American League pennant. They defeated the New York Mets in the World Series 4\u20131, capturing their first title in 30 years. The 2015 contest was the first time that two expansion clubs met for the Fall Classic. In 2016, the Chicago Cubs ended their 108-year long drought without a World Series title by defeating the Cleveland Indians, rallying from a 3\u20131 Series deficit in the process. That extended Cleveland's World Series title drought to 68 years and counting \u2013 the Indians last won the Series in 1948 \u2013 now the longest title drought in the major leagues. Beginning in 2017, home field advantage in the World Series is awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the tie-breaker is head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the second tie-breaker is best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962.", "2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in 15 years dating back to , and their ninth in franchise history. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in . The series was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"2018 World Series presented by YouTube TV\". The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. Steve Pearce won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, while Alex Cora became the fifth first-season manager and first manager from Puerto Rico to win the World Series. The Series was notable for its third game which went for 18 innings, a World Series record. The 2018 World Series was the first since to feature two teams which had also reached the postseason in the prior year. Additionally, the Red Sox became the first team to win two World Series exactly one century apart, as they had defeated the Chicago Cubs in 1918, while the Dodgers were the first team since the 2011 Texas Rangers, and the first NL team since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins.", "He plays the piano and enjoys singing. Gilette released a music single on April 16, 2012 that was originally titled Go for Gold and was later changed to On the Stage. While in high school, Gillette was introduced to beep ball, a modified form of baseball for the visually impaired and blind. In 2003, Gillette was recruited to play with the West Coast Dawgs of the National Beep Baseball Association. His first role with the team consisted mostly of designated hitter duties, but in 2005, Gillette became the starting right fielder for the Dawgs. In 2005 West Coast finished 5th in the World Series that were held in Houston, Texas. 2006 saw the Dawgs play in the championship game where they lost to the Taiwan Home Run. The 2007 World Series of Beep Ball were held in Rochester, Minnesota, and the Dawgs returned to the championship game only to lose to the Kansas All Stars. In 2008, Gillette won his first World Series title with the West Coast Dawgs as they outlasted Kansas for the world title. He was named to the offensive all-star team in the same year. The Dawgs returned to the 2009 World Series title game and repeated as champions against the Taiwan Home Run. In both 2010, and 2011, the West Coast Dawgs played in the World Series title game against the Taiwan Home Run, and both times, Gillette scored the game-winning run to put the Dawgs on top as world champions. ESPN\u2019s featured Gillette and the West Coast Dawgs\u2019 2011 title run. Mayor David S. Gysberts and Washington County Board of Commissioners Terry Baker proclaimed September 25 Lex Gillette Day in both Hagerstown, Maryland and Washington County.", "The Braves, who were playing in their 4th World Series since 1991, were in the midst of an un-precedented run of success, winning their division every full season from 1991-2005 (not counting 1994 because of the player's strike that canceled that season in August). During that period, the Braves would play in the National League Championship Series (NLCS) nearly every season from 1991-2001 (the lone exception being 2000). But the Braves would make the World Series only one more time in that time, winning their fifth National League pennant in eight seasons in 1999. They were again defeated by the Yankees, who swept the Braves in 4 games. The Braves have not returned to the World Series since, nor to the NLCS since 2001. The Braves' 2 game lead in the 1996 World Series marked the closest the Braves would come to a second World Series title in the Bobby Cox era. It took Yankee manager Joe Torre a record 4,272 games to make it to the World Series in his combined careers as a player and a manager, but he would not have to wait very long to go back. The Yankees would win the American League pennant five more times in the next seven seasons (only falling short of making the World Series in 1997 and 2002), which included the Yankees winning three consecutive World Series championships from 1998 to 2000. This gave the Yankees four championships in five years. The 1996 championship was the 23rd in franchise history (that number now stands at 27) and the first of five that Derek Jeter, Mariano Rivera, and Andy Pettitte won with the Yankees. 1996 World Series (4\u20132): New York Yankees (A.L.) beat Atlanta Braves (N.L.). This World Series is notable for being one of the few six-game series in which the winning team was outscored.<br >"], "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1889cdd7dbbb4e31b0c0664842e4ec24_0_q#1", "question": "How many games were won during this time?", "rewrite": "How many games were won during 1991-1995 Second World Series title time?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in 15 years dating back to , and their ninth in franchise history. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in . The series was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"2018 World Series presented by YouTube TV\". The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. Steve Pearce won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, while Alex Cora became the fifth first-season manager and first manager from Puerto Rico to win the World Series. The Series was notable for its third game which went for 18 innings, a World Series record. The 2018 World Series was the first since to feature two teams which had also reached the postseason in the prior year. Additionally, the Red Sox became the first team to win two World Series exactly one century apart, as they had defeated the Chicago Cubs in 1918, while the Dodgers were the first team since the 2011 Texas Rangers, and the first NL team since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins.", "The Texas Rangers were twice only one strike away from winning their first World Series title in 2011, but the St. Louis Cardinals' David Freese, the eventual Series MVP, drove in both the tying and winning runs late in Game 6 to force a Game 7. In 2013, the Boston Red Sox won their third World Series of the 2000s, this time at Fenway Park for the first time since 1918. The Kansas City Royals reached the World Series in 2014, which was their first appearance in the postseason since winning the series in 1985. At the time, it was the longest postseason drought in baseball. They lost in seven games to the Giants. The following season, the Royals finished with the American League's best record, and won a second consecutive American League pennant. They defeated the New York Mets in the World Series 4\u20131, capturing their first title in 30 years. The 2015 contest was the first time that two expansion clubs met for the Fall Classic. In 2016, the Chicago Cubs ended their 108-year long drought without a World Series title by defeating the Cleveland Indians, rallying from a 3\u20131 Series deficit in the process. That extended Cleveland's World Series title drought to 68 years and counting \u2013 the Indians last won the Series in 1948 \u2013 now the longest title drought in the major leagues. Beginning in 2017, home field advantage in the World Series is awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the tie-breaker is head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the second tie-breaker is best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962.", "The Braves, who were playing in their 4th World Series since 1991, were in the midst of an un-precedented run of success, winning their division every full season from 1991-2005 (not counting 1994 because of the player's strike that canceled that season in August). During that period, the Braves would play in the National League Championship Series (NLCS) nearly every season from 1991-2001 (the lone exception being 2000). But the Braves would make the World Series only one more time in that time, winning their fifth National League pennant in eight seasons in 1999. They were again defeated by the Yankees, who swept the Braves in 4 games. The Braves have not returned to the World Series since, nor to the NLCS since 2001. The Braves' 2 game lead in the 1996 World Series marked the closest the Braves would come to a second World Series title in the Bobby Cox era. It took Yankee manager Joe Torre a record 4,272 games to make it to the World Series in his combined careers as a player and a manager, but he would not have to wait very long to go back. The Yankees would win the American League pennant five more times in the next seven seasons (only falling short of making the World Series in 1997 and 2002), which included the Yankees winning three consecutive World Series championships from 1998 to 2000. This gave the Yankees four championships in five years. The 1996 championship was the 23rd in franchise history (that number now stands at 27) and the first of five that Derek Jeter, Mariano Rivera, and Andy Pettitte won with the Yankees. 1996 World Series (4\u20132): New York Yankees (A.L.) beat Atlanta Braves (N.L.). This World Series is notable for being one of the few six-game series in which the winning team was outscored.<br >", "1988 World Series The 1988 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1988 season. The 85th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff played between the American League (AL) champion Oakland Athletics and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers, with the Dodgers upsetting the heavily favored Athletics to win the Series in five games. It is best known for the pinch-hit walk-off home run hit by Dodgers outfielder Kirk Gibson, who could barely walk due to injuries suffered during the NL Championship Series, against Athletics closer Dennis Eckersley in Game 1. The Dodgers were the only MLB team to win more than one World Series title in the 1980s; their other World Series title during the decade came in 1981 (they also broke a 10-year streak of 10 different World Series champions going back to 1978). Although Gibson's home run has become an iconic World Series moment, it was World Series MVP Orel Hershiser who capped a dominant 1988 season in which he set the all time scoreless inning streak at 59 innings, recorded five straight shutouts, led the league with 23 wins and 267 innings, and won the Cy Young and Gold Glove awards. Hershiser was the NL Championship Series MVP, starting three games, getting the save for Game 4, and shutting out the Mets in Game 7. In the World Series, he shut out the A's in Game 2, and pitched a two-run, complete game in the decisive Game 5 victory. The Dodgers won the NL West division by seven games over the Cincinnati Reds, then upset the New York Mets, four games to three, in the NLCS. The Athletics won the AL West division by thirteen games over the Minnesota Twins, then swept the Boston Red Sox, four games to none, in the AL Championship Series.", "Led by Jackie Robinson, the first black Major League Baseball player of the modern era; and three-time National League Most Valuable Player Roy Campanella, also signed out of the Negro Leagues, the Dodgers captured their first World Series title in 1955 by defeating the Yankees for the first time, a story notably described in the 1972 book \"The Boys of Summer\". Following the 1957 season the team left Brooklyn. In just their second season in Los Angeles, the Dodgers won their second World Series title, beating the Chicago White Sox in six games in 1959. Spearheaded by the dominant pitching style of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, the Dodgers captured three pennants in the 1960s and won two more World Series titles, sweeping the Yankees in four games in 1963, and edging the Minnesota Twins in seven in 1965. The 1963 sweep was their second victory against the Yankees, and their first against them as a Los Angeles team. The Dodgers won four more pennants in 1966, 1974, 1977 and 1978, but lost in each World Series appearance. They went on to win the World Series again in 1981, thanks in part to pitching sensation Fernando Valenzuela. The early 1980s were affectionately dubbed \"Fernandomania.\" In 1988, another pitching hero, Orel Hershiser, again led them to a World Series victory, aided by one of the most memorable home runs of all time, by their injured star outfielder Kirk Gibson coming off the bench to pinch hit with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of game 1, in his only appearance of the series. The Dodgers won the pennant in 2017 and 2018, but lost the World Series to the Houston Astros and Boston Red Sox respectively. The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the 1991-1995 Second World Series title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1889cdd7dbbb4e31b0c0664842e4ec24_0_q#2", "question": "What are some important aspects during this time?", "rewrite": "What are some important aspects during 1991-1995 Second World Series title time?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He plays the piano and enjoys singing. Gilette released a music single on April 16, 2012 that was originally titled Go for Gold and was later changed to On the Stage. While in high school, Gillette was introduced to beep ball, a modified form of baseball for the visually impaired and blind. In 2003, Gillette was recruited to play with the West Coast Dawgs of the National Beep Baseball Association. His first role with the team consisted mostly of designated hitter duties, but in 2005, Gillette became the starting right fielder for the Dawgs. In 2005 West Coast finished 5th in the World Series that were held in Houston, Texas. 2006 saw the Dawgs play in the championship game where they lost to the Taiwan Home Run. The 2007 World Series of Beep Ball were held in Rochester, Minnesota, and the Dawgs returned to the championship game only to lose to the Kansas All Stars. In 2008, Gillette won his first World Series title with the West Coast Dawgs as they outlasted Kansas for the world title. He was named to the offensive all-star team in the same year. The Dawgs returned to the 2009 World Series title game and repeated as champions against the Taiwan Home Run. In both 2010, and 2011, the West Coast Dawgs played in the World Series title game against the Taiwan Home Run, and both times, Gillette scored the game-winning run to put the Dawgs on top as world champions. ESPN\u2019s featured Gillette and the West Coast Dawgs\u2019 2011 title run. Mayor David S. Gysberts and Washington County Board of Commissioners Terry Baker proclaimed September 25 Lex Gillette Day in both Hagerstown, Maryland and Washington County.", "The Braves, who were playing in their 4th World Series since 1991, were in the midst of an un-precedented run of success, winning their division every full season from 1991-2005 (not counting 1994 because of the player's strike that canceled that season in August). During that period, the Braves would play in the National League Championship Series (NLCS) nearly every season from 1991-2001 (the lone exception being 2000). But the Braves would make the World Series only one more time in that time, winning their fifth National League pennant in eight seasons in 1999. They were again defeated by the Yankees, who swept the Braves in 4 games. The Braves have not returned to the World Series since, nor to the NLCS since 2001. The Braves' 2 game lead in the 1996 World Series marked the closest the Braves would come to a second World Series title in the Bobby Cox era. It took Yankee manager Joe Torre a record 4,272 games to make it to the World Series in his combined careers as a player and a manager, but he would not have to wait very long to go back. The Yankees would win the American League pennant five more times in the next seven seasons (only falling short of making the World Series in 1997 and 2002), which included the Yankees winning three consecutive World Series championships from 1998 to 2000. This gave the Yankees four championships in five years. The 1996 championship was the 23rd in franchise history (that number now stands at 27) and the first of five that Derek Jeter, Mariano Rivera, and Andy Pettitte won with the Yankees. 1996 World Series (4\u20132): New York Yankees (A.L.) beat Atlanta Braves (N.L.). This World Series is notable for being one of the few six-game series in which the winning team was outscored.<br >", "2018 World Series The 2018 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's 2018 season. The 114th edition of the World Series was played between the American League (AL) champion Boston Red Sox and the National League (NL) champion Los Angeles Dodgers. The Red Sox beat the Dodgers in five games to win their fourth World Series title in 15 years dating back to , and their ninth in franchise history. This was the second World Series match-up between the two franchises, after the Red Sox defeated the Brooklyn Robins (later known as the Dodgers) in five games in . The series was sponsored by the Internet television service YouTube TV and officially known as the \"2018 World Series presented by YouTube TV\". The Series was televised in the United States on Fox. Steve Pearce won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, while Alex Cora became the fifth first-season manager and first manager from Puerto Rico to win the World Series. The Series was notable for its third game which went for 18 innings, a World Series record. The 2018 World Series was the first since to feature two teams which had also reached the postseason in the prior year. Additionally, the Red Sox became the first team to win two World Series exactly one century apart, as they had defeated the Chicago Cubs in 1918, while the Dodgers were the first team since the 2011 Texas Rangers, and the first NL team since the 1992 Atlanta Braves, to lose consecutive Fall Classics. The Boston Red Sox' most recent World Series appearance was their 2013 win over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Los Angeles Dodgers, who last won a World Series in 1988 over the Oakland Athletics, made their second consecutive appearance, after losing to the Houston Astros in 2017. The two franchises faced each other in the 1916 World Series; the Red Sox won the series in five games against the then-Brooklyn Robins.", "The Texas Rangers were twice only one strike away from winning their first World Series title in 2011, but the St. Louis Cardinals' David Freese, the eventual Series MVP, drove in both the tying and winning runs late in Game 6 to force a Game 7. In 2013, the Boston Red Sox won their third World Series of the 2000s, this time at Fenway Park for the first time since 1918. The Kansas City Royals reached the World Series in 2014, which was their first appearance in the postseason since winning the series in 1985. At the time, it was the longest postseason drought in baseball. They lost in seven games to the Giants. The following season, the Royals finished with the American League's best record, and won a second consecutive American League pennant. They defeated the New York Mets in the World Series 4\u20131, capturing their first title in 30 years. The 2015 contest was the first time that two expansion clubs met for the Fall Classic. In 2016, the Chicago Cubs ended their 108-year long drought without a World Series title by defeating the Cleveland Indians, rallying from a 3\u20131 Series deficit in the process. That extended Cleveland's World Series title drought to 68 years and counting \u2013 the Indians last won the Series in 1948 \u2013 now the longest title drought in the major leagues. Beginning in 2017, home field advantage in the World Series is awarded to the league champion team with the better regular season win-loss record. If both league champions have the same record, the tie-breaker is head-to-head record, and if that does not resolve it, the second tie-breaker is best divisional record. The Houston Astros won the 2017 World Series in 7 games against the Los Angeles Dodgers on November 1, 2017, winning their first World Series since their creation in 1962.", "Led by Jackie Robinson, the first black Major League Baseball player of the modern era; and three-time National League Most Valuable Player Roy Campanella, also signed out of the Negro Leagues, the Dodgers captured their first World Series title in 1955 by defeating the Yankees for the first time, a story notably described in the 1972 book \"The Boys of Summer\". Following the 1957 season the team left Brooklyn. In just their second season in Los Angeles, the Dodgers won their second World Series title, beating the Chicago White Sox in six games in 1959. Spearheaded by the dominant pitching style of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, the Dodgers captured three pennants in the 1960s and won two more World Series titles, sweeping the Yankees in four games in 1963, and edging the Minnesota Twins in seven in 1965. The 1963 sweep was their second victory against the Yankees, and their first against them as a Los Angeles team. The Dodgers won four more pennants in 1966, 1974, 1977 and 1978, but lost in each World Series appearance. They went on to win the World Series again in 1981, thanks in part to pitching sensation Fernando Valenzuela. The early 1980s were affectionately dubbed \"Fernandomania.\" In 1988, another pitching hero, Orel Hershiser, again led them to a World Series victory, aided by one of the most memorable home runs of all time, by their injured star outfielder Kirk Gibson coming off the bench to pinch hit with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of game 1, in his only appearance of the series. The Dodgers won the pennant in 2017 and 2018, but lost the World Series to the Houston Astros and Boston Red Sox respectively. The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season."], "answer": {"text": "Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games.", "answer_start": 720}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the 1991-1995 Second World Series title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games were won during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1889cdd7dbbb4e31b0c0664842e4ec24_0_q#3", "question": "What else happened after winning their respective home games?", "rewrite": "What else happened after winning Twins  respective home games in addition to winning track?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Nossek Joseph Rudolph Nossek (born November 8, 1940 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder, coach and scout. He threw and batted right-handed, and stood 6' (183 cm) tall and weighed 178 pounds (81 kg) as an active player. Nossek attended Ohio University and was signed by the Minnesota Twins as an amateur free agent in 1961. He made his major league debut for the club on April 18, 1964 against the Washington Senators. A modest eater, Nossek was known as \"coffee and juice\" to his Minnesota teammates. He served as a back-up outfielder on the pennant-winning Twins team of 1965, hitting .218 in 87 games. He also played some games at third base for the squad. Despite his modest abilities, he started in center field for most of the games of the 1965 World Series over All-Star Jimmie Hall. The Twins lost to Sandy Koufax and the Los Angeles Dodgers in seven games. During the 1966 season, Nossek's contract was purchased by the Kansas City Athletics and played in 174 games for them over the next two years. In the middle of the 1969 campaign, he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Bob Johnson. He only played in 10 games for St. Louis, however, and retired after the 1970 season. Overall, Nossek batted .228 with three home runs and 53 runs batted in in 295 games during his six-year major league playing career.", "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319, eighth in the league and Minnesota surged past Oakland midseason to capture the division title. The Twins then beat the Toronto Blue Jays in five games in the American League Championship Series as Puckett batted .429 with two home runs and five RBI to win the ALCS MVP. The subsequent 1991 World Series was ranked by ESPN to be the best ever played, with four games decided on the final pitch and three games going into extra innings. The Twins and their opponent, the Atlanta Braves, had each finished last in their respective divisions in the year before winning their league pennant, something that had never happened before. Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games. Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning. Puckett then made a leaping catch in front of the Plexiglass wall in left field to rob Ron Gant of an extra-base hit in the third. The game went into extra innings, and in the first at-bat of the bottom of the 11th, Puckett hit a dramatic game-winning home run on a 2-1 count off of Charlie Leibrandt to send the Series to Game 7. This dramatic game has been widely remembered as the high point in Puckett's career. The images of Puckett rounding the bases, arms raised in triumph (often punctuated by CBS television broadcaster Jack Buck saying \"And we'll see you tomorrow night! \"), are always included in video highlights of his career. After Game 6, the Twins replaced the blue seat back and bottom where the walk off home run ball was caught with a gold colored set. Both of these sets remain in the Twins' archives.", "Rick Dempsey John Rikard Dempsey (born September 13, 1949) is an American former professional baseball player. He played for 24 seasons as a catcher in Major League Baseball from to , most notably for the Baltimore Orioles. Dempsey was known for being one of the best defensive catchers of his era. Dempsey was selected by the Minnesota Twins in the 15th round of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft out of Crespi Carmelite High School. After two seasons in the minor leagues, he made his major league debut late in the 1969 season for the division winning Twins managed by Billy Martin, however he didn't qualify for the post-season roster. Dempsey spent a few more seasons shuttling between the Twins and their minor league teams, before being traded to the New York Yankees for Danny Walton on October 31, 1972. During his tenure with the Yankees, he served as a reserve catcher to Thurman Munson, and received tutoring from Yankees coach and former catching standout, Jim Hegan. After three and a half seasons with the Yankees, he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles in June 1976, where manager Earl Weaver made him the Orioles' starting catcher. For the next ten and a half seasons, Dempsey would remain as the Orioles' starting catcher. He became known for his exceptional ability to handle pitching staffs, his strong throwing arm, and for his agility behind home plate. In 1979, the Orioles defeated the California Angels in the 1979 American League Championship Series to reach the World Series. In the 1979 World Series, the Orioles won three of the first four games against the Pittsburgh Pirates and seemed to be on the verge of winning the championship, when the Pirates, led by Willie Stargell, rebounded to win the final three games. It was one of Dempsey's greatest disappointments of his playing career.", "1965 Cleveland Indians season The 1965 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished fifth in the American League with a record of 87\u201375, 15 games behind the Minnesota Twins. The Indians played .500 ball for the first 40 games, then eventually heated up going on a 10-game winning streak at one point improving their record to 37-24. They would peak at 46-28, but would cool off significantly after the all star break (going 41-47 the rest of the way) and would only spend six days in first place. Still, the Indians 87-75 record would be the best win-loss record they would post between 1959 and 1994. This season also marked the return of Rocky Colavito. This led to an increase in attendance (a season after the Indians almost left Cleveland, due to low attendance). The trade itself ended up being a disaster in the long run, even though it was successful short term (for one season). The Indians were the only team to win the regular season series vs the AL pennant winning Twins (who would lose to the Dodgers in 7 games in the 1965 World Series). \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins;", "Twinning (TV series) Twinning is a VH1 reality show that premiered on July 22, 2015. It features twelve sets of identical twins, testing their \u201ctwin-tuition\u201d in mental and physical challenges. The show is hosted by Angie Greenup. Shawn and Claire Buitendorp were the winners of Season 1. Yet there has not been official word of renewal nor cancellation , it is safe to say it is on an indefinite hiatus. During the competition, all contestants were housed in two adjacent houses, one green, one blue. One of each pair of twins lived in the green house, while the other lived in the blue house, keeping everyone separated from their twin. Each week, there was a \"Double-Down Challenge\", a game that tested physical or mental abilities. The nature of the challenges varied each week, but mostly required coordination between pairs of twins without direct communication. After each challenge, the highest-scoring twin pairs won the right to move freely between the two houses for a limited time, allowing them visit their twins. The winning twins were also allowed to vote for two pairs of twins to enter the \"Twin-Off\". At the end of each week, two pairs of twins were pitted against each other in a \"Twin-Off\". During the Twin-Off, contestants were asked questions about personal opinions or preferences without being allowed to communicate. If a pair of twins gave the same answer, they score a point, and the first pair to score five points wins the Twin-Off and are allowed to remain in the competition, while the losers of the Twin-Off were eliminated. Top color is for the first contestant, and bottom color is for the second contestant listed. The column which is not blue or green is the color of their team during the challenges."], "answer": {"text": "Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning.", "answer_start": 828}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the 1991-1995 Second World Series title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games were won during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some important aspects during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1889cdd7dbbb4e31b0c0664842e4ec24_0_q#4", "question": "Were they further successful after this took place?", "rewrite": "Were twins  further successful after Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1994 Minnesota Twins season The 1994 Minnesota Twins played in an abbreviated, strike-shortened season. The strike overshadowed the season's accomplishments. These included Scott Erickson's no-hitter on April 27, Chuck Knoblauch's 85-game errorless streak and league-leading 45 doubles, Kirby Puckett's 2,000th hit, and Kent Hrbek's retirement. In 113 games, Manager Tom Kelly's team finished with a record of 53-60, for fourth place in the newly created American League Central Division. On April 27 at home, Scott Erickson no-hit the Milwaukee Brewers\u2014the Metrodome's first no-hitter\u2014for a 6-0 win. His is the third Twins' no-hitter, 27 years after Dean Chance no-hit the Cleveland Indians in 1967. On May 20, the team put up 22 hits against the Boston Red Sox\u2014not a record. But two club records were set in the fifth inning, when eight consecutive players hit safely, and a total of ten hits were recorded in the half-inning. The Twins won, 21-2. The Twins' All-Star representatives were outfielder Kirby Puckett and second baseman Chuck Knoblauch. By Friday, August 12, the Twins had compiled a 53-60 record through 113 games. They had scored 594 runs (5.26 per game) and allowed 688 runs (6.09 per game). Throughout the strike-shortened season, the Twins pitching staff struggled and finished with a 5.68 ERA: the highest in the Majors. In 1,005.0 innings pitched, they gave up 1,197 hits and 634 earned runs: the most among all 28 teams. They did, however, issue the fewest intentional walks in the Majors, with 20.", "Chuck Knoblauch Edward Charles Knoblauch (; born July 7, 1968) is an American former professional baseball player. He played twelve seasons in Major League Baseball, from 1991 through 2002, for the Minnesota Twins, New York Yankees, and Kansas City Royals. He played mostly as a second baseman before moving to left field for his final two seasons. Born in Houston, Texas, Knoblauch came from a baseball family, as his uncle Eddie Knoblauch and father Ray Knoblauch played and managed in the minor leagues between the late 1930s and mid-1950s. Knoblauch played for the Bellaire High School baseball team, which also produced current major-leaguer Chris Young (outfielder) and many former major leaguers, including Jose Cruz, Jr.. Knoblauch missed his senior season (1986) due to a broken leg, but he cheered from the bench as the team won the state championship. Chuck was drafted in the 18th round of the 1986 amateur draft by the Philadelphia Phillies, but did not sign. Knoblauch went on to play college baseball for Texas A&M University in College Station, where he was a second team All-American. He later played on the 1989 team that finished the season with 58 wins, the highest total in school history. In 1988, Knoblauch played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL), and received the league's Outstanding Pro Prospect award. In 2001 he was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame. Knoblauch was drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the 1st round of the 1989 MLB draft. Knoblauch won the American League Rookie of the Year award and a World Series ring as a member of the 1991 Minnesota Twins.", "1992 Minnesota Twins season Coming off a World Series victory, the 1992 Minnesota Twins continued the team's winning spree. The team finished in second place to the Oakland Athletics and did not make it to the postseason. This would be the team's last winning season until 2001. Outfielder Kirby Puckett got 200 hits for the fifth time in his career, as well as 100 runs and 100 RBI. He also hit over .300 for the seventh time in nine seasons. Finally, he hit the first three grand slams of his career. He was twice named American League Player of the Month. Puckett would go on to win his fifth Silver Slugger Award. Chuck Knoblauch and Shane Mack also notched 100 runs, making Puckett, Knoblauch, and Mack the first trio of Twins in team history to score 100 times in a season. First baseman Kent Hrbek began his fight against the injury bug, getting only 394 at-bats, a number that would decline over the next two years. Catcher Brian Harper had the second of three seasons batting over .300. Scott Leius saw a majority of the time at third base, but hit only .249 with 2 home runs. In his last year with the Twins, shortstop Greg Gagne hit .246 \u2014 right around his career average. Pedro Mu\u00f1oz saw a majority of the time in right field, while Chili Davis served as the designated hitter in his second and last year with the Twins. The first four pitchers in the starting rotation had winning records and solid ERAs, including John Smiley (16-9, 3.21), Kevin Tapani (16-11, 3.97), Scott Erickson (13-12, 3.40), and Bill Krueger (10-6, 4.30).", "In the bottom of the first, Dan Gladden singled and Chuck Knoblauch did the same. After a strikeout by Kirby Puckett, Twins first baseman Kent Hrbek flied out to center field, moving Gladden to third. Knoblauch stole second and with two on and two out, Chili Davis singled both home to give the Twins an early 2\u20130 lead. In the second, the Twins added two more runs. Shane Mack singled off Candotti, stole second, and moved to third on a line out to right by Mike Pagliarulo. He then scored on a Greg Gagne single, and consecutive singles again by Gladden and Knoblauch plated Gagne to give the Twins a 4\u20130 lead. In the third, Davis walked with one out, stole second, and scored on a double by Mack. Candiotti's line read: sixteen batters faced, five runs, eight hits, and four stolen bases. He was also responsible for Mack, perched on second. But reliever David Wells, as well as the rest of the Blue Jays relievers, shut down the Twins and held them scoreless for the rest of the game. In the top of the fourth, the Blue Jays tried to claw back into the game. After a Roberto Alomar single, Joe Carter doubled and Blue Jays third base coach Rich Hacker sent Alomar home. Two perfect throws from the Twins nailed Alomar at the plate for the first out and the squelching of the Blue Jay rally. Carter went to third and scored on John Olerud's subsequent ground out to make the score 5\u20131. In the sixth, the Blue Jays got within a single run. Five consecutive singles by Devon White, Alomar, Carter, Olerud, and Kelly Gruber with only one out plated three runs and made the score 5\u20134.", "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319, eighth in the league and Minnesota surged past Oakland midseason to capture the division title. The Twins then beat the Toronto Blue Jays in five games in the American League Championship Series as Puckett batted .429 with two home runs and five RBI to win the ALCS MVP. The subsequent 1991 World Series was ranked by ESPN to be the best ever played, with four games decided on the final pitch and three games going into extra innings. The Twins and their opponent, the Atlanta Braves, had each finished last in their respective divisions in the year before winning their league pennant, something that had never happened before. Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games. Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning. Puckett then made a leaping catch in front of the Plexiglass wall in left field to rob Ron Gant of an extra-base hit in the third. The game went into extra innings, and in the first at-bat of the bottom of the 11th, Puckett hit a dramatic game-winning home run on a 2-1 count off of Charlie Leibrandt to send the Series to Game 7. This dramatic game has been widely remembered as the high point in Puckett's career. The images of Puckett rounding the bases, arms raised in triumph (often punctuated by CBS television broadcaster Jack Buck saying \"And we'll see you tomorrow night! \"), are always included in video highlights of his career. After Game 6, the Twins replaced the blue seat back and bottom where the walk off home run ball was caught with a gold colored set. Both of these sets remain in the Twins' archives."], "answer": {"text": "The game went into extra innings, and in the first at-bat of the bottom of the 11th, Puckett hit a dramatic game-winning home run", "answer_start": 1061}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the 1991-1995 Second World Series title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games were won during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some important aspects during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened after winning their respective home games?", "answer": {"text": "Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning.", "answer_start": 828, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1889cdd7dbbb4e31b0c0664842e4ec24_0_q#5", "question": "Can you tell me how many points that they got?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me how many points that Twins got?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319, eighth in the league and Minnesota surged past Oakland midseason to capture the division title. The Twins then beat the Toronto Blue Jays in five games in the American League Championship Series as Puckett batted .429 with two home runs and five RBI to win the ALCS MVP. The subsequent 1991 World Series was ranked by ESPN to be the best ever played, with four games decided on the final pitch and three games going into extra innings. The Twins and their opponent, the Atlanta Braves, had each finished last in their respective divisions in the year before winning their league pennant, something that had never happened before. Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games. Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning. Puckett then made a leaping catch in front of the Plexiglass wall in left field to rob Ron Gant of an extra-base hit in the third. The game went into extra innings, and in the first at-bat of the bottom of the 11th, Puckett hit a dramatic game-winning home run on a 2-1 count off of Charlie Leibrandt to send the Series to Game 7. This dramatic game has been widely remembered as the high point in Puckett's career. The images of Puckett rounding the bases, arms raised in triumph (often punctuated by CBS television broadcaster Jack Buck saying \"And we'll see you tomorrow night! \"), are always included in video highlights of his career. After Game 6, the Twins replaced the blue seat back and bottom where the walk off home run ball was caught with a gold colored set. Both of these sets remain in the Twins' archives.", "Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" After the Twins won the division, the American League playoff matchups were decided as follows: number two seed Minnesota Twins hosting number three seed Oakland Athletics, and number one seed New York Yankees hosting the wild card Detroit Tigers. The Twins were defeated by Oakland in a three-game sweep, ending their playoff run for 2006. The Twins got great starts from both Johan Santana and Boof Bonser (who made his first post season appearance) at the Metrodome. After losing game 1 by the score of 3-2, the Twins came back to even the score at 2 in game 2. With two outs and a runner on first in the top of the 7th inning, Mark Kotsay hit a line drive to center field that Torii Hunter made a valiant dive for. Unfortunately, the ball sailed past him all the way to the wall, resulting in an inside-the-park home run for Kotsay. This play seemed to take all the momentum away from the Twins. The Twins never led in any game in this series.", "But Carl Willis came on to get the last two outs, and the Minnesota relief corps held the Blue Jays the rest of the way for a 5\u20134 victory for the Twins and starter Jack Morris. Rick Aguilera got the save while Candiotti was saddled with the loss. The victory gave the Twins a 1\u20130 lead in games in the ALCS. It also put them one win short of tying the post-season record for most consecutive wins at home held by the New York Yankees. Wednesday, October 9, 1991, at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota The number-two pitchers on each staff squared off in Game 2, as Juan Guzm\u00e1n took the hill for the Blue Jays against Kevin Tapani for the Twins. A win would not only give the Twins a 2\u20130 lead, but would also enable them to set the record for the most consecutive home field wins in post-season history, as they had won their first seven post-season games (including the 1987 playoffs and World Series) in the Metrodome. Unfortunately for the Twins, the Blue Jays came out swinging and held on for a 5\u20132 win. Devon White began the scoring in the top of the first when he singled, stole second, moved to third on Roberto Alomar's bunt, and scored on Joe Carter's single to give the Jays a 1\u20130 lead. In the third, White and Alomar struck for two more Blue Jays runs when White doubled, moved to third on Alomar's single, and both scored after Alomar stole second and Kelly Gruber singled both home with two outs. The Blue Jays led, 3\u20130. The Twins got a run back in the bottom of the third when Chuck Knoblauch singled, stole second, and scored on Kirby Puckett's single.", "2005 Minnesota Twins season Coming into the year, the 2005 Minnesota Twins were favored to go on and win their division. However, a weak offense and injuries (most notably to Torii Hunter) prevented this from coming to fruition. This led manager Ron Gardenhire to reshuffle his coaching staff following the season. The team finished sixteen games behind the World Champion Chicago White Sox. The Twins have never won four straight division titles in their 104-year franchise history. The Twins got off to an average start. However, the Chicago White Sox had a fantastic start to the season. The Twins tried to stay close in the standings, but their offense was insufficient. The Twins (83-79) finished in 3rd place behind the Chicago White Sox and the Cleveland Indians, and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2001. The White Sox went on to earn the division title, their first trip to the playoffs since 2000, and their first World Series title since 1917. Australian Glenn Williams came up for his cup of coffee and played in thirteen games from June 7 to June 28. He hit safely in every game, earning the Twins record for the longest hitting streak to start a career. When he was sent back down, he took with him 17 hits and a .425 batting average. He'd never return to the major leagues, but is working on an active 13-game hitting streak... Joe Mauer led the team with a .294 batting average, Justin Morneau led the team in runs batted in with 79, but Mauer hit only 9 home runs and 55 RBI, while Morneau hit only .239. These problems were endemic to the team. No starter batted over .300 or hit over 25 home runs; however, Matthew LeCroy managed to hit 17 home runs in part-time duty.", "2004 American League Division Series The 2004 American League Division Series (ALDS), the opening round of the 2004 American League playoffs, began on Tuesday, October 5, and ended on Saturday, October 9, with the champions of the three AL divisions\u2014along with a \"wild card\" team\u2014participating in two best-of-five series. They were: The New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox went on to meet in the AL Championship Series (ALCS). The Red Sox became the American League champion, and defeated the National League champion St. Louis Cardinals in the 2004 World Series for their first World Championship since 1918. Yankee Stadium (I) in Bronx, New York Pitching dominated in Game 1 as Mike Mussina faced Johan Santana. The Twins got on the board first when Shannon Stewart singled home Michael Cuddyer, who singled to leadoff and moved to second on a sacrifice bunt. Then in the sixth, Jacque Jones hit a solo home run to make it 2\u20130. The Yankees got nine hits and numerous walks, but never capitalized on Santana, Juan Rinc\u00f3n, or closer Joe Nathan, hitting into five double plays (including a strikeout-caught stealing play in the second and fly ball-out at home play in the third). , this is the last postseason game won by the Twins. Yankee Stadium (I) in Bronx, New York Brad Radke of the Twins faced Jon Lieber of the Yankees in Game 2. In the top of the first, Justin Morneau doubled in Torii Hunter to give the Twins a 1\u20130 lead. In the bottom of the first, Derek Jeter's leadoff home run tied the score."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the 1991-1995 Second World Series title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games were won during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some important aspects during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened after winning their respective home games?", "answer": {"text": "Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning.", "answer_start": 828, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they further successful after this took place?", "answer": {"text": "The game went into extra innings, and in the first at-bat of the bottom of the 11th, Puckett hit a dramatic game-winning home run", "answer_start": 1061, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "rewrite": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yzerman also said the team's desire is for Stamkos to remain with the organization, which came after a question of whether Stamkos had played his last game in a Lightning uniform. On April 4, 2016, Stamkos had successful surgery at Tampa General Hospital. Stamkos' surgeon said they plan on evaluating him in approximately two weeks and that should clear up his prognosis. On May 26, 2016, Stamkos dressed for Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Pittsburgh Penguins, despite still being on blood thinners following surgery. He registered five shot attempts during the game, but the Lightning lost 2\u20131 and were eliminated from the playoffs. On June 29, 2016, two days before Stamkos was set to become an unrestricted free agent, the Lightning signed him to an eight-year, $68 million contract extension with an annual average value of $8.5 million. Stamkos played in 77 games with the Lightning the previous season, scoring 36 goals and 64 points, ranking first in goals and second in points for the team. General manager Steve Yzerman said of the signing, \"[W]e are very appreciative of the effort and commitment that Steven and his representatives have exhibited in getting a deal done.\" He continued, \"We are excited to have him as a cornerstone part of the team for the next eight years as we continue in the franchise's ultimate goal of winning another Stanley Cup.\" On November 15, 2016, Stamkos fell and left the game, which turned out to be a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee. Steve Yzerman said there was no timetable for his return and that Stamkos would be out \"indefinitely\".", "Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage.", "He also stated that \"I have nothing but great memories, great things to say about the team, about the organization,\" and that \"it was a great learning experience. In his phone interview, Gwozdecky said he does not have anything lined up, other than some rest and relaxation. George will be attending this week's NHL draft with the Lightning, and taking part in the coaches association meetings before making his annual drive back home to Denver. On June 23, 2015, the Lightning announced that they will continue their partnership with the Lyon Hockey Club Lions for the 2015-16 season. The affiliation will last the entire season, which includes business and marketing elements for the clubs. The key component is that the Lightning's AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch, will hold training camp and play preseason games versus the Utica Comets in Lyon, France. The games will take place at Charlemagne Skating Rink, which has been home to the Lions since 1967. On June 24, 2015, the National Hockey League held its annual awards ceremony in Las Vegas. The lone member of the team nominated for an award was General Manager Steve Yzerman. Yzerman was voted the winner of the award, and became the first Lightning General Manager to win the award in team history. In Yzerman's first season as general manager, the team reach the Conference finals in 2010-11. From there Yzerman oversaw the rebuild of the roster that reached the 2015 Stanley Cup Final, with only two holdovers from the 2011 team (Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman). Yzerman bolstered the roster with draft acquisitions (Nikita Kucherov, Ondrej Palat), free agency (Brian Boyle, Valtteri Filppula, Tyler Johnson, Anton Stralman), and trades (Ben Bishop, Ryan Callahan, Braydon Coburn, Jason Garrison).", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener.", "2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season The 2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 24th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on December 16, 1991. The Lightning entered the season as the defending Eastern Conference champions. The regular season began on October 8, 2015 against the Philadelphia Flyers with a 3\u20132 victory, with Jason Garrison scoring the first 3-on-3 overtime goal in NHL history. The off season for the Lightning began on June 15, 2015, when the lightning lost in the Stanley Cup final in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, Lightning general manager Steve Yzerman stated that his number one priority was to sign Steven Stamkos to a long term contract. Stamkos also expressed his desire to remain with the team when stated that \"I've said it all along, I want to win a championship with this group. It's been a great ride this year. I know we'll have some talks, whether it's in the next day or weeks, I don't know. But we'll definitely be getting something worked out hopefully shortly. \" Yzerman expressed that Stamkos had done everything that the team asked of him and that Stamkos played through an injury during the playoffs. The nature and the extent of the injury were not revealed during exit interviews. Yzerman also addressed the teams goaltending and expected roster changes in his interview. Yzerman stated that he would be really comfortable with Ben Bishop and Andrei Vasilevskiy as the goalies heading into the season. Yzerman also added that he was not looking to move either goalies, and that he'd like to enjoy the tandem for another year or two."], "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#1", "question": "Who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Steve Yzerman's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He also stated that \"I have nothing but great memories, great things to say about the team, about the organization,\" and that \"it was a great learning experience. In his phone interview, Gwozdecky said he does not have anything lined up, other than some rest and relaxation. George will be attending this week's NHL draft with the Lightning, and taking part in the coaches association meetings before making his annual drive back home to Denver. On June 23, 2015, the Lightning announced that they will continue their partnership with the Lyon Hockey Club Lions for the 2015-16 season. The affiliation will last the entire season, which includes business and marketing elements for the clubs. The key component is that the Lightning's AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch, will hold training camp and play preseason games versus the Utica Comets in Lyon, France. The games will take place at Charlemagne Skating Rink, which has been home to the Lions since 1967. On June 24, 2015, the National Hockey League held its annual awards ceremony in Las Vegas. The lone member of the team nominated for an award was General Manager Steve Yzerman. Yzerman was voted the winner of the award, and became the first Lightning General Manager to win the award in team history. In Yzerman's first season as general manager, the team reach the Conference finals in 2010-11. From there Yzerman oversaw the rebuild of the roster that reached the 2015 Stanley Cup Final, with only two holdovers from the 2011 team (Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman). Yzerman bolstered the roster with draft acquisitions (Nikita Kucherov, Ondrej Palat), free agency (Brian Boyle, Valtteri Filppula, Tyler Johnson, Anton Stralman), and trades (Ben Bishop, Ryan Callahan, Braydon Coburn, Jason Garrison).", "2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season The 2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 24th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on December 16, 1991. The Lightning entered the season as the defending Eastern Conference champions. The regular season began on October 8, 2015 against the Philadelphia Flyers with a 3\u20132 victory, with Jason Garrison scoring the first 3-on-3 overtime goal in NHL history. The off season for the Lightning began on June 15, 2015, when the lightning lost in the Stanley Cup final in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, Lightning general manager Steve Yzerman stated that his number one priority was to sign Steven Stamkos to a long term contract. Stamkos also expressed his desire to remain with the team when stated that \"I've said it all along, I want to win a championship with this group. It's been a great ride this year. I know we'll have some talks, whether it's in the next day or weeks, I don't know. But we'll definitely be getting something worked out hopefully shortly. \" Yzerman expressed that Stamkos had done everything that the team asked of him and that Stamkos played through an injury during the playoffs. The nature and the extent of the injury were not revealed during exit interviews. Yzerman also addressed the teams goaltending and expected roster changes in his interview. Yzerman stated that he would be really comfortable with Ben Bishop and Andrei Vasilevskiy as the goalies heading into the season. Yzerman also added that he was not looking to move either goalies, and that he'd like to enjoy the tandem for another year or two.", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener.", "Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage.", "Yzerman also said the team's desire is for Stamkos to remain with the organization, which came after a question of whether Stamkos had played his last game in a Lightning uniform. On April 4, 2016, Stamkos had successful surgery at Tampa General Hospital. Stamkos' surgeon said they plan on evaluating him in approximately two weeks and that should clear up his prognosis. On May 26, 2016, Stamkos dressed for Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Pittsburgh Penguins, despite still being on blood thinners following surgery. He registered five shot attempts during the game, but the Lightning lost 2\u20131 and were eliminated from the playoffs. On June 29, 2016, two days before Stamkos was set to become an unrestricted free agent, the Lightning signed him to an eight-year, $68 million contract extension with an annual average value of $8.5 million. Stamkos played in 77 games with the Lightning the previous season, scoring 36 goals and 64 points, ranking first in goals and second in points for the team. General manager Steve Yzerman said of the signing, \"[W]e are very appreciative of the effort and commitment that Steven and his representatives have exhibited in getting a deal done.\" He continued, \"We are excited to have him as a cornerstone part of the team for the next eight years as we continue in the franchise's ultimate goal of winning another Stanley Cup.\" On November 15, 2016, Stamkos fell and left the game, which turned out to be a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee. Steve Yzerman said there was no timetable for his return and that Stamkos would be out \"indefinitely\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#2", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Steve Yzerman go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He also stated that \"I have nothing but great memories, great things to say about the team, about the organization,\" and that \"it was a great learning experience. In his phone interview, Gwozdecky said he does not have anything lined up, other than some rest and relaxation. George will be attending this week's NHL draft with the Lightning, and taking part in the coaches association meetings before making his annual drive back home to Denver. On June 23, 2015, the Lightning announced that they will continue their partnership with the Lyon Hockey Club Lions for the 2015-16 season. The affiliation will last the entire season, which includes business and marketing elements for the clubs. The key component is that the Lightning's AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch, will hold training camp and play preseason games versus the Utica Comets in Lyon, France. The games will take place at Charlemagne Skating Rink, which has been home to the Lions since 1967. On June 24, 2015, the National Hockey League held its annual awards ceremony in Las Vegas. The lone member of the team nominated for an award was General Manager Steve Yzerman. Yzerman was voted the winner of the award, and became the first Lightning General Manager to win the award in team history. In Yzerman's first season as general manager, the team reach the Conference finals in 2010-11. From there Yzerman oversaw the rebuild of the roster that reached the 2015 Stanley Cup Final, with only two holdovers from the 2011 team (Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman). Yzerman bolstered the roster with draft acquisitions (Nikita Kucherov, Ondrej Palat), free agency (Brian Boyle, Valtteri Filppula, Tyler Johnson, Anton Stralman), and trades (Ben Bishop, Ryan Callahan, Braydon Coburn, Jason Garrison).", "Yzerman also said the team's desire is for Stamkos to remain with the organization, which came after a question of whether Stamkos had played his last game in a Lightning uniform. On April 4, 2016, Stamkos had successful surgery at Tampa General Hospital. Stamkos' surgeon said they plan on evaluating him in approximately two weeks and that should clear up his prognosis. On May 26, 2016, Stamkos dressed for Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Pittsburgh Penguins, despite still being on blood thinners following surgery. He registered five shot attempts during the game, but the Lightning lost 2\u20131 and were eliminated from the playoffs. On June 29, 2016, two days before Stamkos was set to become an unrestricted free agent, the Lightning signed him to an eight-year, $68 million contract extension with an annual average value of $8.5 million. Stamkos played in 77 games with the Lightning the previous season, scoring 36 goals and 64 points, ranking first in goals and second in points for the team. General manager Steve Yzerman said of the signing, \"[W]e are very appreciative of the effort and commitment that Steven and his representatives have exhibited in getting a deal done.\" He continued, \"We are excited to have him as a cornerstone part of the team for the next eight years as we continue in the franchise's ultimate goal of winning another Stanley Cup.\" On November 15, 2016, Stamkos fell and left the game, which turned out to be a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee. Steve Yzerman said there was no timetable for his return and that Stamkos would be out \"indefinitely\".", "2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season The 2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 24th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on December 16, 1991. The Lightning entered the season as the defending Eastern Conference champions. The regular season began on October 8, 2015 against the Philadelphia Flyers with a 3\u20132 victory, with Jason Garrison scoring the first 3-on-3 overtime goal in NHL history. The off season for the Lightning began on June 15, 2015, when the lightning lost in the Stanley Cup final in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, Lightning general manager Steve Yzerman stated that his number one priority was to sign Steven Stamkos to a long term contract. Stamkos also expressed his desire to remain with the team when stated that \"I've said it all along, I want to win a championship with this group. It's been a great ride this year. I know we'll have some talks, whether it's in the next day or weeks, I don't know. But we'll definitely be getting something worked out hopefully shortly. \" Yzerman expressed that Stamkos had done everything that the team asked of him and that Stamkos played through an injury during the playoffs. The nature and the extent of the injury were not revealed during exit interviews. Yzerman also addressed the teams goaltending and expected roster changes in his interview. Yzerman stated that he would be really comfortable with Ben Bishop and Andrei Vasilevskiy as the goalies heading into the season. Yzerman also added that he was not looking to move either goalies, and that he'd like to enjoy the tandem for another year or two.", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener.", "Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage."], "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Steve Yzerman attending Bell High School in his early years, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bell High School (Ottawa) Bell High School is a high school located in the Bells Corners neighborhood of Ottawa, Ontario. In 1962, the school was established by the Carleton Board of Education (now Ottawa-Carleton District School Board) as a public high school for grades 9-12. In 1977, Bell High School concert and stage bands produced an album \"From Canada's Capital... Bell Bands in Concert\". As D.Aubrey. Moodie Intermediate School (grades 6-8) closed down as of June 2017, Bell High School became a 7-12 school. It currently serves as one of only two facilities in the CBE with the OCDSB Gifted Program. It also offers a comprehensive French Immersion and ESL program in addition to the normal academic program. In 2014, Bell High School was recognized as the primary secondary school to service Ottawa West. Its students refer to themselves as Bruins. The school consists of roughly 50% students from local districts as well as another 50% from other districts who transfer in order to attend its Gifted Program, French Immersion Program or ESL program. Academically, Bell has one of the highest university placement rates in Ottawa. Virtually all students of its gifted program and a plurality in the academic program enter university programs in Canada or internationally. Students often go to the local Carleton University and University of Ottawa, with others going to Queen's University, McGill University, McMaster University University of Waterloo or University of British Columbia in Canada. Some graduates go to the United States; in the past, students have gone to Cornell University, Yale University and Harvard University. Bell High School also offers comprehensive French Immersion studies for students wishing to pursue accreditation and fluency in French as well as a full range of Advance Placement courses and examinations for those whom wish to attain university credits during high school.", "The school also has a two-story library with computer access, a student services office, two music rooms, an art studio with kiln, a drama studio, an extensive costume storage room, a dance studio, a drafting studio, a full-sized gym with bleachers, a greenhouse, an automotive garage, two construction workshops and indoor weight training and exercise facilities. Because of the size of its campus, Bell High School offers a full range of sports amenities and well as a large degree of recreational green space. The school has or is adjacent to two baseball diamonds, two full-sized soccer fields (one doubles as a football field, with bleachers), an all season indoor hockey arena (Bell Centennial Arena) and a 400 m gravel track. Many of these facilities are owned by the City of Ottawa. Due to a large number of students attending Bell High School from other neighborhoods, four \"600\" series buses (658 serving Bayshore and Crystal Beach, 660 and 665 serving Kanata and Barrhaven, and 669 serving Bayshore), as well as a special 88 route (to Bell H.S. only) have been arranged with OC Transpo in order to transport students. Bell High School has an extremely active student population which hosts a huge variety of activities ranging from a leadership camp that involves 30% of the school population for three days to games and other fun events. An elected Students' Council holds the leadership camp, run by leadership heads who are elected at the end of each school year by the upcoming co-presidents (head boy and head girl), as well as World Vision's 30 Hour Famine, and other events for charity and awareness. Beyond activities, Bell also engages extensively in fundraising efforts. Through these efforts, Bell has contributed significantly to the local community and even managed to construct a sister school in Kenya which it maintains as an ongoing humanitarian project.", "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia, but grew up in Nepean, Ontario, (a suburb of Ottawa, now a district in that city) where he attended Bell High School and played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team. After one season with the Raiders, the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) drafted him, and he played centre for the Petes from 1981 to 1983. The 1983 NHL Entry Draft was the first for Mike and Marian Ilitch, who had purchased the Detroit Red Wings in the summer of 1982. Jim Devellano, the Red Wings' then-general manager, wanted to draft Pat LaFontaine, who had grown up outside Detroit and played his junior hockey in the area. However, when the New York Islanders selected LaFontaine third overall, Devellano \"settled\" on Yzerman, drafting him fourth. The Red Wings were prepared to send Yzerman back to Peterborough for one more year, but \"after one (training camp) season, you knew he was a tremendous hockey player,\" said Ken Holland, the current Red Wings general manager who was then a minor league goaltender for the Wings during Yzerman's rookie training camp. Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting. That season, Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days) since the current format was adopted in 1969. This stood as an NHL record for 27 years until Jeff Skinner broke it by eight days.", "L. D. Bell High School Lawrence Dale Bell High School (generally known as L.D. Bell High School and also known as Hurst Bell) is an American high school located in the cities of Hurst and Bedford, Texas and part of the Hurst-Euless-Bedford Independent School District. The school is named for Lawrence Dale Bell, the founder of nearby Bell Helicopter Textron, and was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School for 1994-96. L. D. Bell's marching band won the Bands of America Grand National Championship in 2007. The men's and women's gymnastics teams have won a combined total of 36 state championships since 1967. L.D. Bell High School opened in 1957 at a campus on Pipeline Road. Lawrence Dale Bell High School was relocated to the current campus on Brown Trail in 1965, at a site donated to the school district by Lawrence D. \"Larry\" Bell, Founder and President of Bell Helicopter Textron in Hurst. The new location was able to accommodate a growing student population resulting from the rapid suburban growth in Hurst, Euless, Bedford, and Colleyville. The former high school grounds now house Central Junior High, the H-E-B Athletic Complex, KEYS ( Keeping Eligible Youth in School) High School, and the Forrest E. Watson (F.E.W.) Center. Preceding Jim Bannister as principal was Jim Short. Both of these men were preceded by the state legislature-commended E. Don Brown, a former president of both the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) and the Texas Association of Secondary School Principals (TASSP). In 2002, the school was at the center of a national zero tolerance debate when an honor student was expelled for having a non-serrated bread knife in his truck-bed.", "Bell High School (California) Bell High School is a public high school in Bell, California, United States. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is a part of District 6 of the Los Angeles Unified School District. Bell High \u2019s motto is \"Honor lies in honest toil\", its mascot is the eagle, and the school colors are purple and gold. They are rivals with the Huntington Park Spartans. The school serves several municipalities. The school serves the cities of Bell, Cudahy, and Maywood, and it serves portions of Huntington Park and portions of Vernon. Some portions of Huntington Park and Maywood are jointly zoned to both Bell High School and Huntington Park High School. Bell High School began as the Bell Unit of the Huntington Park Union High School, and opened with two classes, freshmen and sophomores. There were 14 teachers and 325 students. Mr. Claude L. Reeves, a graduate from USC, was the first principal of Bell High School and he remained until 1939. Located in the Southeastern section of Los Angeles County, Bell High School is a comprehensive high school (grades 9-12) serving 5,375 (2006\u20132007) students from the tri-communities of Bell, Cudahy, and Maywood. One of six high schools in Local District 6, and one of forty-nine comprehensive high schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District, Bell High School opened its doors in 1925 for 800 students. In 2005, South East High School in South Gate opened, relieving Bell. In 2006, Maywood Academy High School opened. -Bell High School usually competes with neighboring schools Huntington Park, South Gate, Southeast, Jordan, James A. Garfield and Roosevelt High School's."], "answer": {"text": "Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1121}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#4", "question": "what was his stats?", "rewrite": "what were Steve Yzerman's stats?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage.", "Yzerman also said the team's desire is for Stamkos to remain with the organization, which came after a question of whether Stamkos had played his last game in a Lightning uniform. On April 4, 2016, Stamkos had successful surgery at Tampa General Hospital. Stamkos' surgeon said they plan on evaluating him in approximately two weeks and that should clear up his prognosis. On May 26, 2016, Stamkos dressed for Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Pittsburgh Penguins, despite still being on blood thinners following surgery. He registered five shot attempts during the game, but the Lightning lost 2\u20131 and were eliminated from the playoffs. On June 29, 2016, two days before Stamkos was set to become an unrestricted free agent, the Lightning signed him to an eight-year, $68 million contract extension with an annual average value of $8.5 million. Stamkos played in 77 games with the Lightning the previous season, scoring 36 goals and 64 points, ranking first in goals and second in points for the team. General manager Steve Yzerman said of the signing, \"[W]e are very appreciative of the effort and commitment that Steven and his representatives have exhibited in getting a deal done.\" He continued, \"We are excited to have him as a cornerstone part of the team for the next eight years as we continue in the franchise's ultimate goal of winning another Stanley Cup.\" On November 15, 2016, Stamkos fell and left the game, which turned out to be a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee. Steve Yzerman said there was no timetable for his return and that Stamkos would be out \"indefinitely\".", "He also stated that \"I have nothing but great memories, great things to say about the team, about the organization,\" and that \"it was a great learning experience. In his phone interview, Gwozdecky said he does not have anything lined up, other than some rest and relaxation. George will be attending this week's NHL draft with the Lightning, and taking part in the coaches association meetings before making his annual drive back home to Denver. On June 23, 2015, the Lightning announced that they will continue their partnership with the Lyon Hockey Club Lions for the 2015-16 season. The affiliation will last the entire season, which includes business and marketing elements for the clubs. The key component is that the Lightning's AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch, will hold training camp and play preseason games versus the Utica Comets in Lyon, France. The games will take place at Charlemagne Skating Rink, which has been home to the Lions since 1967. On June 24, 2015, the National Hockey League held its annual awards ceremony in Las Vegas. The lone member of the team nominated for an award was General Manager Steve Yzerman. Yzerman was voted the winner of the award, and became the first Lightning General Manager to win the award in team history. In Yzerman's first season as general manager, the team reach the Conference finals in 2010-11. From there Yzerman oversaw the rebuild of the roster that reached the 2015 Stanley Cup Final, with only two holdovers from the 2011 team (Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman). Yzerman bolstered the roster with draft acquisitions (Nikita Kucherov, Ondrej Palat), free agency (Brian Boyle, Valtteri Filppula, Tyler Johnson, Anton Stralman), and trades (Ben Bishop, Ryan Callahan, Braydon Coburn, Jason Garrison).", "2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season The 2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 24th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on December 16, 1991. The Lightning entered the season as the defending Eastern Conference champions. The regular season began on October 8, 2015 against the Philadelphia Flyers with a 3\u20132 victory, with Jason Garrison scoring the first 3-on-3 overtime goal in NHL history. The off season for the Lightning began on June 15, 2015, when the lightning lost in the Stanley Cup final in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, Lightning general manager Steve Yzerman stated that his number one priority was to sign Steven Stamkos to a long term contract. Stamkos also expressed his desire to remain with the team when stated that \"I've said it all along, I want to win a championship with this group. It's been a great ride this year. I know we'll have some talks, whether it's in the next day or weeks, I don't know. But we'll definitely be getting something worked out hopefully shortly. \" Yzerman expressed that Stamkos had done everything that the team asked of him and that Stamkos played through an injury during the playoffs. The nature and the extent of the injury were not revealed during exit interviews. Yzerman also addressed the teams goaltending and expected roster changes in his interview. Yzerman stated that he would be really comfortable with Ben Bishop and Andrei Vasilevskiy as the goalies heading into the season. Yzerman also added that he was not looking to move either goalies, and that he'd like to enjoy the tandem for another year or two.", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener."], "answer": {"text": "Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days)", "answer_start": 1269}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1121, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#5", "question": "Did he play for any one else before the wings?", "rewrite": "Did Steve Yzerman play for any one else before the wings, besides in an NHL All-Star Game at age 18?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On November 21, Larkin scored a goal for the fourth consecutive game, becoming the first Red Wings teenager to do so since Steve Yzerman in 1984\u201385. Larkin was named the NHL Rookie of the Month for November 2015. He led all rookies with seven goals in 13 games in November. He leads all rookies with 10 goals, and a +14 plus/minus rating. He shares first with three game-winning goals, and ranks third with 18 points and 64 shots on goal in 24 games this season. On March 24, 2016, in a game against the Montreal Canadiens, Larkin recorded his 200th shot of the season, becoming just the fifth Red Wings rookie to do so, following Marcel Dionne, Sergei Fedorov, Reed Larson and Dale McCourt. Larkin was named to the 2016 NHL All-Star Game. Larkin was the seventh Detroit rookie to play in the All-Star Game, but only the third chosen to play. He was the first Red Wings rookie to play in the All-Star Game since Yzerman in 1984. At the NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition, he set the NHL record for fastest skater, with a time of 13.172 seconds, breaking Mike Gartner's record of 13.386 that was set in 1996. During his rookie season, Larkin recorded 23 goals and 22 assists in 80 games. Larkin became the sixth rookie in franchise history to lead the team in goals and the first since Mike Foligno led the team with 36 in the 1979\u201380 season. He also led the Red Wings with a +11 plus/minus rating, 221 shots on goal, and five game-winning goals.", "2006\u201307 Detroit Red Wings season The 2006\u201307 Detroit Red Wings season was the 81st National Hockey League season in Detroit, Michigan. The Wings entered a new era, following the retirement of longtime captain Steve Yzerman after 22 seasons in the NHL, all spent with Detroit. The Wings named Yzerman a team vice-president, Yzerman's number 19 was retired by the Wings in January. The Red Wings lost another longtime player in Brendan Shanahan, who signed with the New York Rangers, although they retained the services of goaltender Dominik Hasek, who re-signed with the club as a free agent. Hasek remained one of the NHL's goaltending leaders, helping the Red Wings remain in contention for top spot in the Western Conference, battling with their division rivals, the Nashville Predators. Two Red Wings players represented the West at the 2007 All-Star Game in Dallas, Texas \u2013 Nicklas Lidstrom was elected as a starting defenceman, and registered an assist, where he was joined by forward Henrik Zetterberg. On February 8, 2007, the Red Wings lost 1\u20130 at St. Louis. It was the first time that the Red Wings had been shut-out in a regular season game since January 7, 2004, when they lost at home 3\u20130 to the Boston Bruins. Prior to their loss to the Blues, the Red Wings had gone 175 consecutive regular season games without being shut-out. \"For complete final standings, see 2006\u201307 NHL season\"  Record: 6\u20134\u20131; Home: 2\u20131\u20131; Road: 4\u20133\u20130  Record: 7\u20132\u20133 ; Home: 5\u20130\u20132; Road: 2\u20132\u20131  Record: 11\u20133\u20131 ; Home: 6\u20132\u20130; Road: 5\u20131\u20131", "After the Canucks took the first two games, it looked like the Canucks were going to sweep the Red Wings and the Red Wings were going to have their second straight early exit. Captain Steve Yzerman gave a closed-door speech to the team. Only the players in the locker room knew what was said, but the Wings headed to Vancouver and won four straight games to win the series. After a quick series against the division rival St. Louis Blues, Detroit met their old nemesis, the second-seeded Colorado Avalanche in the Conference Finals. They battled back and forth during the series, tying the series three times before reaching game seven in Detroit. The Wings came out firing and won the deciding game 7\u20130. After that, the Wings fought the cinderella story Carolina Hurricanes for the Stanley Cup, winning in game five at home. Over one million people showed up for the victory parade in downtown Detroit on June 17. There was no All-Star game this year as the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City took place in February 2002 where eleven Red Wings players represented their countries. Brendan Shanahan and Steve Yzerman represented Canada; Chris Chelios and Brett Hull represented the United States; Dominik Hasek represented the Czech Republic; Sergei Fedorov, Pavel Datsyuk and Igor Larionov represented Russia; and Nicklas Lidstrom, Fredrik Olausson and Tomas Holmstrom represented Sweden. The Red Wings sold out all 41 home games in 2001\u201302 as 20,058 fans packed Joe Louis Arena for every regular season and playoff game played in Detroit. The season was chronicled by Detroit Free Press sportswriter Nicholas J. Cotsonika's 2002 book, \"Hockey Gods: The Inside Story of the Red Wings' Hall of Fame Team\". The Red Wings tied the Los Angeles Kings for the most power-play goals scored during the regular season with 73.", "Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage.", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener."], "answer": {"text": "played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team.", "answer_start": 170}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his stats?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days)", "answer_start": 1269, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#6", "question": "what is professional", "rewrite": "what is Steve Yzerman's profession?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage.", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener.", "Yzerman also said the team's desire is for Stamkos to remain with the organization, which came after a question of whether Stamkos had played his last game in a Lightning uniform. On April 4, 2016, Stamkos had successful surgery at Tampa General Hospital. Stamkos' surgeon said they plan on evaluating him in approximately two weeks and that should clear up his prognosis. On May 26, 2016, Stamkos dressed for Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Pittsburgh Penguins, despite still being on blood thinners following surgery. He registered five shot attempts during the game, but the Lightning lost 2\u20131 and were eliminated from the playoffs. On June 29, 2016, two days before Stamkos was set to become an unrestricted free agent, the Lightning signed him to an eight-year, $68 million contract extension with an annual average value of $8.5 million. Stamkos played in 77 games with the Lightning the previous season, scoring 36 goals and 64 points, ranking first in goals and second in points for the team. General manager Steve Yzerman said of the signing, \"[W]e are very appreciative of the effort and commitment that Steven and his representatives have exhibited in getting a deal done.\" He continued, \"We are excited to have him as a cornerstone part of the team for the next eight years as we continue in the franchise's ultimate goal of winning another Stanley Cup.\" On November 15, 2016, Stamkos fell and left the game, which turned out to be a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee. Steve Yzerman said there was no timetable for his return and that Stamkos would be out \"indefinitely\".", "2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season The 2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 24th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on December 16, 1991. The Lightning entered the season as the defending Eastern Conference champions. The regular season began on October 8, 2015 against the Philadelphia Flyers with a 3\u20132 victory, with Jason Garrison scoring the first 3-on-3 overtime goal in NHL history. The off season for the Lightning began on June 15, 2015, when the lightning lost in the Stanley Cup final in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, Lightning general manager Steve Yzerman stated that his number one priority was to sign Steven Stamkos to a long term contract. Stamkos also expressed his desire to remain with the team when stated that \"I've said it all along, I want to win a championship with this group. It's been a great ride this year. I know we'll have some talks, whether it's in the next day or weeks, I don't know. But we'll definitely be getting something worked out hopefully shortly. \" Yzerman expressed that Stamkos had done everything that the team asked of him and that Stamkos played through an injury during the playoffs. The nature and the extent of the injury were not revealed during exit interviews. Yzerman also addressed the teams goaltending and expected roster changes in his interview. Yzerman stated that he would be really comfortable with Ben Bishop and Andrei Vasilevskiy as the goalies heading into the season. Yzerman also added that he was not looking to move either goalies, and that he'd like to enjoy the tandem for another year or two.", "He also stated that \"I have nothing but great memories, great things to say about the team, about the organization,\" and that \"it was a great learning experience. In his phone interview, Gwozdecky said he does not have anything lined up, other than some rest and relaxation. George will be attending this week's NHL draft with the Lightning, and taking part in the coaches association meetings before making his annual drive back home to Denver. On June 23, 2015, the Lightning announced that they will continue their partnership with the Lyon Hockey Club Lions for the 2015-16 season. The affiliation will last the entire season, which includes business and marketing elements for the clubs. The key component is that the Lightning's AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch, will hold training camp and play preseason games versus the Utica Comets in Lyon, France. The games will take place at Charlemagne Skating Rink, which has been home to the Lions since 1967. On June 24, 2015, the National Hockey League held its annual awards ceremony in Las Vegas. The lone member of the team nominated for an award was General Manager Steve Yzerman. Yzerman was voted the winner of the award, and became the first Lightning General Manager to win the award in team history. In Yzerman's first season as general manager, the team reach the Conference finals in 2010-11. From there Yzerman oversaw the rebuild of the roster that reached the 2015 Stanley Cup Final, with only two holdovers from the 2011 team (Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman). Yzerman bolstered the roster with draft acquisitions (Nikita Kucherov, Ondrej Palat), free agency (Brian Boyle, Valtteri Filppula, Tyler Johnson, Anton Stralman), and trades (Ben Bishop, Ryan Callahan, Braydon Coburn, Jason Garrison)."], "answer": {"text": "The 1983 NHL Entry Draft was the first for Mike and Marian Ilitch, who had purchased the Detroit Red Wings in the summer of 1982.", "answer_start": 391}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his stats?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days)", "answer_start": 1269, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any one else before the wings?", "answer": {"text": "played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team.", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#7", "question": "Anything else about his early years?", "rewrite": "Anything else about Steve Yzerman's early years, other than becoming the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On November 21, Larkin scored a goal for the fourth consecutive game, becoming the first Red Wings teenager to do so since Steve Yzerman in 1984\u201385. Larkin was named the NHL Rookie of the Month for November 2015. He led all rookies with seven goals in 13 games in November. He leads all rookies with 10 goals, and a +14 plus/minus rating. He shares first with three game-winning goals, and ranks third with 18 points and 64 shots on goal in 24 games this season. On March 24, 2016, in a game against the Montreal Canadiens, Larkin recorded his 200th shot of the season, becoming just the fifth Red Wings rookie to do so, following Marcel Dionne, Sergei Fedorov, Reed Larson and Dale McCourt. Larkin was named to the 2016 NHL All-Star Game. Larkin was the seventh Detroit rookie to play in the All-Star Game, but only the third chosen to play. He was the first Red Wings rookie to play in the All-Star Game since Yzerman in 1984. At the NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition, he set the NHL record for fastest skater, with a time of 13.172 seconds, breaking Mike Gartner's record of 13.386 that was set in 1996. During his rookie season, Larkin recorded 23 goals and 22 assists in 80 games. Larkin became the sixth rookie in franchise history to lead the team in goals and the first since Mike Foligno led the team with 36 in the 1979\u201380 season. He also led the Red Wings with a +11 plus/minus rating, 221 shots on goal, and five game-winning goals.", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener.", "[Fedorov's] maturity\u2014not only on the ice, but off the ice\u2014has grown immensely, and, like Stevie said, there's not too many guys in this league, if any, that have the skill that he does. And he's learned to use it over the years. I think everyone can see that.\" In the 2002\u201303 season, Steve Yzerman was injured for most the season, and Fedorov led the team in scoring with 36 goals and 83 points in 80 games, also winning the inaugural Kharlamov Trophy, at the time awarded yearly to the top Russian player in the NHL. At the 2002 NHL All-Star Game SuperSkills Competition, Fedorov slapped the puck 101.5 mph in the net to win \"Hardest Shot\". Dominik Ha\u0161ek later remarked of Fedorov's shot, \"I know his shot, and I'm not surprised that he won it ... He can shoot from the blue line and he can score from the blue line. \" After an October 25, 2002, game between the Pittsburgh Penguins and Detroit, talking to reporters about Fedorov, Mario Lemieux said, \"He was awesome. The way he skates, he's just dominating out there. Especially in the neutral zone, he picks up a lot of speed. You can't defend against that.\" Fedorov signed a free-agent contract with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim for less than the Red Wings offered him after Detroit lost to Anaheim in the first round of the playoffs in 2003. Fedorov is currently fourth all-time in many offensive categories in Red Wings history, behind Gordie Howe, Steve Yzerman and Alex Delvecchio.", "Midway through his rookie campaign, Skinner was named to the 2011 All-Star Game roster as an injury replacement for Sidney Crosby, making him the first member of the 2010 draft class to be named to the All-Star Game, and the first 18-year-old NHL All-Star since Steve Yzerman. He was chosen by fellow Hurricane Eric Staal, captain of Team Staal. He was later named January 2011's NHL Rookie of the Month. At the NHL Awards ceremony on June 22, 2011, in Las Vegas, Nevada, Skinner was awarded the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's top rookie, beating-out fellow rookies Logan Couture of the San Jose Sharks and Michael Grabner of the New York Islanders. At that time, he was the NHL's youngest player as well as the first Hurricanes player to ever win the Calder. On December 7, 2011, Skinner was diagnosed with a concussion after a game in Edmonton. He returned to the Hurricanes lineup after missing 16 games on January 5, 2012. Skinner was suspended for two games after kicking Scott Nichol of the St. Louis Blues during a game on March 15, 2012. On August 7, 2012, Skinner agreed to a six-year contract extension worth $34.4 million which would keep him under contract until the 2018\u201319 season. On February 14, 2013 Skinner was diagnosed with an upper body injury, later deemed a concussion, after a game in Toronto. On December 4, 2013 Skinner earned his first career hat trick against the Nashville Predators. On October 6, 2014, Skinner sustained a concussion on a hit from Washington Capitals defenceman Matt Niskanen. On December 11, 2015, Skinner got his second hat trick against the Anaheim Ducks in a 5-1 victory. Three games later, on December 15, 2015, he got another hat trick, this time against the Philadelphia Flyers.", "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia, but grew up in Nepean, Ontario, (a suburb of Ottawa, now a district in that city) where he attended Bell High School and played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team. After one season with the Raiders, the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) drafted him, and he played centre for the Petes from 1981 to 1983. The 1983 NHL Entry Draft was the first for Mike and Marian Ilitch, who had purchased the Detroit Red Wings in the summer of 1982. Jim Devellano, the Red Wings' then-general manager, wanted to draft Pat LaFontaine, who had grown up outside Detroit and played his junior hockey in the area. However, when the New York Islanders selected LaFontaine third overall, Devellano \"settled\" on Yzerman, drafting him fourth. The Red Wings were prepared to send Yzerman back to Peterborough for one more year, but \"after one (training camp) season, you knew he was a tremendous hockey player,\" said Ken Holland, the current Red Wings general manager who was then a minor league goaltender for the Wings during Yzerman's rookie training camp. Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting. That season, Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days) since the current format was adopted in 1969. This stood as an NHL record for 27 years until Jeff Skinner broke it by eight days."], "answer": {"text": "he played centre for the Petes from 1981 to 1983.", "answer_start": 341}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his stats?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days)", "answer_start": 1269, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any one else before the wings?", "answer": {"text": "played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team.", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is professional", "answer": {"text": "The 1983 NHL Entry Draft was the first for Mike and Marian Ilitch, who had purchased the Detroit Red Wings in the summer of 1982.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#8", "question": "Did he play for anyone other than them?", "rewrite": "Did Steve Yzerman play for anyone else, besides the Petes from 1981 to 1983?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia, but grew up in Nepean, Ontario, (a suburb of Ottawa, now a district in that city) where he attended Bell High School and played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team. After one season with the Raiders, the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) drafted him, and he played centre for the Petes from 1981 to 1983. The 1983 NHL Entry Draft was the first for Mike and Marian Ilitch, who had purchased the Detroit Red Wings in the summer of 1982. Jim Devellano, the Red Wings' then-general manager, wanted to draft Pat LaFontaine, who had grown up outside Detroit and played his junior hockey in the area. However, when the New York Islanders selected LaFontaine third overall, Devellano \"settled\" on Yzerman, drafting him fourth. The Red Wings were prepared to send Yzerman back to Peterborough for one more year, but \"after one (training camp) season, you knew he was a tremendous hockey player,\" said Ken Holland, the current Red Wings general manager who was then a minor league goaltender for the Wings during Yzerman's rookie training camp. Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting. That season, Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days) since the current format was adopted in 1969. This stood as an NHL record for 27 years until Jeff Skinner broke it by eight days.", "Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage.", "Peterborough Petes The Peterborough Petes are a junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey League. The team has played at the Peterborough Memorial Centre in Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, since 1956, and is the oldest continuously operating team in the league. The Petes were born on October 1, 1956 when the Kitchener Canucks relocated to Peterborough after the 1955\u201356 season. They would also become a sponsored junior team for the Montreal Canadiens of the NHL. The Petes played their first game on November 4, 1956, and won their first game on November 8, 1956. The Petes have produced a record number of National Hockey League players, including Hall of Famers Steve Yzerman, Bob Gainey, Larry Murphy, Scotty Bowman, Wayne Gretzky and Roger Neilson. The Petes have graduated the most players to the NHL of all current OHL teams with a total of 248. The Petes have won the OHL Championship nine times, second-most in OHL history and the most in the postwar period. They won the Memorial Cup once, in 1979. The team was sponsored by Toronto-Peterborough Transport (TPT) from 1956 to 1966. Scotty Bowman was brought in to coach by the Montreal Canadiens organization from the Ottawa Junior Canadiens, and led the team to a second-place finish in 1959. Peterborough defeated the Barrie Flyers, Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters and Toronto St. Michael's Majors in the playoffs to win their first OHA championship. Bowman and the TPT Petes went on to reach the Memorial Cup for the first time that year but fell to the Winnipeg Braves. The TPT Petes claimed their first Hamilton Spectator Trophy during the 1965-66 season, but were eliminated from the playoffs. The team became known as the Peterborough Petes Hockey Club in 1966\u201367, which was also the beginning of Roger Neilson's tenure as coach.", "Seven Hockey Hall of Fame inductees played junior hockey for the Petes: Bob Gainey, Larry Murphy, Steve Yzerman and Chris Pronger and coaches Scotty Bowman and Roger Nielson. The Petes have not retired any numbers, but they have banners hanging from the ceiling honouring past Petes including Bob Gainey, Steve Yzerman, Mickey Redmond, Larry Murphy, Dick Todd, Roger Neilson and Scotty Bowman. CHL Player of the Year CHL Defenceman of the Year CHL Top Draft Prospect Award CHL Rookie of the Year George Parsons Trophy Most Sportsmanlike at the Memorial Cup Hap Emms Memorial Trophy Outstanding Goaltender at the Memorial Cup Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy Memorial Cup MVP Red Tilson Trophy Most Outstanding Player Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy Scoring Champion Jim Mahon Memorial Trophy Top scoring right winger Max Kaminsky Trophy Most Outstanding Defenceman Wayne Gretzky 99 Award OHL Playoffs MVP Emms Family Award Rookie of the Year Leo Lalonde Memorial Trophy Overage Player of the Year OHL Goaltender of the Year Dave Pinkney Trophy Lowest Team GAA F. W. \"Dinty\" Moore Trophy Best Rookie GAA Dan Snyder Memorial Trophy Humanitarian of the Year William Hanley Trophy Most Sportsmanlike Player Bobby Smith Trophy Scholastic Player of the Year Ivan Tennant Memorial Award Top Academic High School Player  Players in bold are members of the Hockey Hall of Fame. Legend: OL = Overtime loss, SL = Shootout loss   From 1956 to 1974, the Petes wore the red, white & blue colours of the Montreal Canadiens. In 1974\u201375, the club changed to the maroon & white colours they wear today. In January 2000, a new '3rd' jersey was introduced, that used the maroon background, with white, black & gold trim. For the 2005\u201306 season, the Petes unveiled a 50th anniversary jersey that has a black background with maroon & gold trim.", "Bob Errey Robert Errey (born September 21, 1964) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left wing and current sportscaster for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 15th overall by Pittsburgh in the 1983 NHL Entry Draft and played 895 NHL games over the course of his career. Errey was born in Montreal, Quebec. As a youth, he played in the 1977 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Peterborough, Ontario. Errey played junior ice hockey with the Peterborough Petes of the Ontario Hockey League from 1980 to 1983. During that time he teamed with Steve Yzerman to form the top line, and led the team in goals with 53 in 1983. Errey would eventually reunite with Yzerman in Detroit for one full season and two half seasons in the mid 1990s. Errey played most notably for the Pittsburgh Penguins, but also played for the Buffalo Sabres, San Jose Sharks, Detroit Red Wings, Dallas Stars and New York Rangers. He won two Stanley Cups as a member of the Penguins in 1991 and 1992. He was also a member of Team Canada in 1997 winning a gold medal at the World Championships and appeared in the 1995 Stanley Cup Finals with Detroit. With the Penguins, he originally wore jersey #10 then settled with #12. He retired in 1999 after playing the entire 1998\u201399 season with the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League. Errey served as the captain of the San Jose Sharks for the 1993\u201394 NHL season and part of the 1994\u201395 season. Bob is currently the TV colour analyst for the Pittsburgh Penguins broadcasts on AT&T SportsNet Pittsburgh alongside Steve Mears. He also appeared as an analyst on the NHL Network's nightly highlight show, \"NHL on the Fly\" during the 2007 Stanley Cup Playoffs."], "answer": {"text": "After one season with the Raiders,", "answer_start": 231}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his stats?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days)", "answer_start": 1269, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any one else before the wings?", "answer": {"text": "played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team.", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is professional", "answer": {"text": "The 1983 NHL Entry Draft was the first for Mike and Marian Ilitch, who had purchased the Detroit Red Wings in the summer of 1982.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else about his early years?", "answer": {"text": "he played centre for the Petes from 1981 to 1983.", "answer_start": 341, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60a7a468107c4bf1b28957821ca24054_1_q#9", "question": "what was his best season", "rewrite": "what was Steve Yzerman's best season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He also stated that \"I have nothing but great memories, great things to say about the team, about the organization,\" and that \"it was a great learning experience. In his phone interview, Gwozdecky said he does not have anything lined up, other than some rest and relaxation. George will be attending this week's NHL draft with the Lightning, and taking part in the coaches association meetings before making his annual drive back home to Denver. On June 23, 2015, the Lightning announced that they will continue their partnership with the Lyon Hockey Club Lions for the 2015-16 season. The affiliation will last the entire season, which includes business and marketing elements for the clubs. The key component is that the Lightning's AHL affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch, will hold training camp and play preseason games versus the Utica Comets in Lyon, France. The games will take place at Charlemagne Skating Rink, which has been home to the Lions since 1967. On June 24, 2015, the National Hockey League held its annual awards ceremony in Las Vegas. The lone member of the team nominated for an award was General Manager Steve Yzerman. Yzerman was voted the winner of the award, and became the first Lightning General Manager to win the award in team history. In Yzerman's first season as general manager, the team reach the Conference finals in 2010-11. From there Yzerman oversaw the rebuild of the roster that reached the 2015 Stanley Cup Final, with only two holdovers from the 2011 team (Steven Stamkos, Victor Hedman). Yzerman bolstered the roster with draft acquisitions (Nikita Kucherov, Ondrej Palat), free agency (Brian Boyle, Valtteri Filppula, Tyler Johnson, Anton Stralman), and trades (Ben Bishop, Ryan Callahan, Braydon Coburn, Jason Garrison).", "Yzerman also said the team's desire is for Stamkos to remain with the organization, which came after a question of whether Stamkos had played his last game in a Lightning uniform. On April 4, 2016, Stamkos had successful surgery at Tampa General Hospital. Stamkos' surgeon said they plan on evaluating him in approximately two weeks and that should clear up his prognosis. On May 26, 2016, Stamkos dressed for Game 7 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Pittsburgh Penguins, despite still being on blood thinners following surgery. He registered five shot attempts during the game, but the Lightning lost 2\u20131 and were eliminated from the playoffs. On June 29, 2016, two days before Stamkos was set to become an unrestricted free agent, the Lightning signed him to an eight-year, $68 million contract extension with an annual average value of $8.5 million. Stamkos played in 77 games with the Lightning the previous season, scoring 36 goals and 64 points, ranking first in goals and second in points for the team. General manager Steve Yzerman said of the signing, \"[W]e are very appreciative of the effort and commitment that Steven and his representatives have exhibited in getting a deal done.\" He continued, \"We are excited to have him as a cornerstone part of the team for the next eight years as we continue in the franchise's ultimate goal of winning another Stanley Cup.\" On November 15, 2016, Stamkos fell and left the game, which turned out to be a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee. Steve Yzerman said there was no timetable for his return and that Stamkos would be out \"indefinitely\".", "2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season The 2015\u201316 Tampa Bay Lightning season was the 24th season for the National Hockey League (NHL) franchise that was established on December 16, 1991. The Lightning entered the season as the defending Eastern Conference champions. The regular season began on October 8, 2015 against the Philadelphia Flyers with a 3\u20132 victory, with Jason Garrison scoring the first 3-on-3 overtime goal in NHL history. The off season for the Lightning began on June 15, 2015, when the lightning lost in the Stanley Cup final in six games to the Chicago Blackhawks. On June 17, 2015, during exit interviews, Lightning general manager Steve Yzerman stated that his number one priority was to sign Steven Stamkos to a long term contract. Stamkos also expressed his desire to remain with the team when stated that \"I've said it all along, I want to win a championship with this group. It's been a great ride this year. I know we'll have some talks, whether it's in the next day or weeks, I don't know. But we'll definitely be getting something worked out hopefully shortly. \" Yzerman expressed that Stamkos had done everything that the team asked of him and that Stamkos played through an injury during the playoffs. The nature and the extent of the injury were not revealed during exit interviews. Yzerman also addressed the teams goaltending and expected roster changes in his interview. Yzerman stated that he would be really comfortable with Ben Bishop and Andrei Vasilevskiy as the goalies heading into the season. Yzerman also added that he was not looking to move either goalies, and that he'd like to enjoy the tandem for another year or two.", "Zetterberg made his NHL debut against the San Jose Sharks on 10 October 2002, at the Joe Louis Arena. He played in 79 games his rookie season, scoring 22 goals and 22 assists for 44 points, leading all first-year players. Zetterberg finished the season as runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year behind St. Louis Blues defenceman Barret Jackman. In his second season, Zetterberg nearly matched his rookie stats despite missing 21 games due to a broken leg suffered against the Vancouver Canucks early in the season on 5 November 2003. Due to the owners' lockout the next season, Zetterberg returned to Sweden to play for Timr\u00e5 IK in 2004\u201305, leading the Elitserien in scoring with 50 points in 50 games. As the NHL resumed in 2005\u201306, Zetterberg emerged as an NHL star and was also named an alternate captain in the absence of team captain Steve Yzerman. He enjoyed his second best statistical season in 2005\u201306, tallying 39 goals and 85 points, second in team-scoring to Pavel Datsyuk in a lineup which included Zetterberg and teammates Tomas Holmstr\u00f6m, Mikael Samuelsson, Nicklas Lidstr\u00f6m, and Niklas Kronwall. The combination was dubbed the \"Swedish Five\", a concept similar to the famed Russian Five of the Red Wings during the 1990s. All five players would also skate together at the 2006 Winter Olympics, helping Sweden to a gold medal. With the announced retirement of Steve Yzerman during the season, Swedish newspaper \"Aftonbladet\" speculated that Zetterberg might take over the captaincy for the Red Wings, but Lidstr\u00f6m was instead named Yzerman's successor while Zetterberg was named an alternate on the day of the Red Wings' 2006\u201307 season opener.", "Previously, the Wings dispatched a fractured St. Louis Blues team and a surprising rival Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to reach the conference finals for the third straight season. This is the first time that these two teams met in the postseason. Game one in Philadelphia took place exactly ten years to the day after the Flyers' emotional seventh-game loss to the Edmonton Oilers in the Finals. Detroit never trailed in the game: they led 2\u20131 after the first period, 3\u20132 after the second, and Steve Yzerman scored the fourth goal 56 seconds into the third period. Sergei Fedorov scored the winner and was named the game's first star. Brendan Shanahan scored an unassisted goal 1:37 into the game and Steve Yzerman scored a power-play goal at 9:22 of the first period to give the Red Wings a 2\u20130 lead before Rod Brind'Amour scored a pair of power-play goals late in the first period to tie the score. In the second, Kirk Maltby scored the game-winning goal at 2:36 and Shanahan scored his second goal of the game at 9:56 of the third and the Red Wings won a second consecutive 4\u20132 victory and a 2\u20130 series lead heading back to Joe Louis Arena. John LeClair scored at 7:03 of the first period to give the Flyers their first lead of the series. Two minutes later, Yzerman scored on the power-play to tie the score. Fedorov scored two minutes later to put Detroit ahead for good in the game. Martin Lapointe scored later in the first to give the Wings a 3\u20131 advantage. The Wings tacked on two more in the second and added one in the third for a decisive 6\u20131 win and a three-games-to-none series advantage."], "answer": {"text": "in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1160}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Steve Yzerman born?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman was born in Cranbrook, British Columbia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "he attended Bell High School", "answer_start": 137, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman tallied 39 goals and 87 points in his rookie season and finished second in Calder Memorial Trophy (rookie of the year) voting.", "answer_start": 1121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his stats?", "answer": {"text": "Yzerman also became the first 18-year-old to play in an NHL All-Star Game (18 years, 267 days)", "answer_start": 1269, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any one else before the wings?", "answer": {"text": "played for his hometown Nepean Raiders Junior A hockey team.", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is professional", "answer": {"text": "The 1983 NHL Entry Draft was the first for Mike and Marian Ilitch, who had purchased the Detroit Red Wings in the summer of 1982.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else about his early years?", "answer": {"text": "he played centre for the Petes from 1981 to 1983.", "answer_start": 341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for anyone other than them?", "answer": {"text": "After one season with the Raiders,", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0f737ae154554703a749cb4a2c752c78_0_q#0", "question": "Who are some women DJs?", "rewrite": "Who are some women DJs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Other notable women include:  Women in music are often seen mainly in singing roles in popular music and there are relatively few women DJs or turntablists in hip hop music, house music, nu metal and other genres where DJs and turntablists participate. Indeed, all of these genres are very male-dominated. Part of this may stem from a general low percentage of women in audio technology-related jobs, such as audio engineering and production. In 2007 Mark Katz's article \"Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and the DJ Battle,\" stated that \"very few women battle; the matter has been a topic of conversation among hip-hop DJs for years. \" In 2010 Rebekah Farrugia states \"the male-centricity of EDM culture\" contributes to \"a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces.\" While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated, Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as \"male technophilia.\" Historian Ruth Oldenziel concurs in her writing on engineering with this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement with technology. She explains: \"an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field ... is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys have come to love things technical, how boys have historically been socialized as technophiles.\" Lucy Green has focused on gender in relation to musical performers and creators, and specifically on educational frameworks as they relate to both.", "In 2005 the International Turntablist Federation World final introduced the 'Experimental' category, Australian DJ/VJ 'DJ J-red' took first place, becoming the first Australian to win a World DJ competition championship title as well as becoming a pioneer of the Visual Turntablist movement. Like many other musical instrumentalists, turntablists compete to see who can develop the fastest, most innovative and most creative approaches to their instrument. The selection of a champion comes from the culmination of battles between turntablists. Battling involves each turntablist performing a routine (A combination of various technical scratches, beat juggles, and other elements, including body tricks) within a limited time period, after which the routine is judged by a panel of experts. The winner is selected based upon score. These organized competitions evolved from actual old school \"battles\" where DJs challenged each other at parties, and the \"judge\" was usually the audience, who would indicate their collective will by cheering louder for the DJ they thought performed better. The DMC World DJ Championships has been hosted since 1985. There are separate competitions for solo DJs and DJ teams, the title of World Champion being bestowed on the winners of each. They also maintain a turntablism hall of fame. In Western popular music, women musicians have achieved great success in singing and songwriting roles, with top examples being Madonna, Celine Dion and Rihanna. However, there are relatively few women DJs or turntablists. Part of this may stem from a general low percentage of women in audio technology-related jobs. A 2013 \"Sound on Sound\" article stated that there are \"... few women in record production and sound engineering.\"", "Ncube states that \"[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male, and although there are female producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their male counterparts. \" The vast majority of students in music technology programs are male. In hip hop music, the low percentage of women DJs and turntablists may stem from the overall male domination of the entire hip hop music industry. Most of the top rappers, MCs, DJs, record producers and music executives are men. There are a small number of high-profile women, but they are rare. In 2007 Mark Katz's article \"Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and the DJ Battle,\" stated that \"very few women [do turntablism] battle[s]; the matter has been a topic of conversation among hip-hop DJs for years. \" In 2010 Rebekah Farrugia states \"the male-centricity of EDM culture\" contributes to \"a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces.\" While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated, Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as \"male technophilia.\" Historian Ruth Oldenziel concurs in her writing on engineering with this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement with technology. She explains: \"an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field \u2026 is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys have come to love things", "In Western popular music, women musicians have achieved great success in singing and songwriting roles, however, there are relatively few women DJs or turntablists. Part of this may stem from a general low percentage of women in audio technology-related jobs. A 2013 Sound on Sound article stated that there are \"...few women in record production and sound engineering.\" Ncube states that \"[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male, and although there are female producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their male counterparts.\" The vast majority of students in music technology programs are male. In hip hop music, the low percentage of women DJs and turntablists may stem from the overall male domination of the entire hip hop music industry. Most of the top rappers, MCs, DJs, record producers and music executives are men. There are a small number of high-profile women, but they are rare. In 2007 Mark Katz's article \"Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and the DJ Battle,\" stated that \"very few women [do turntablism] battle[s]; the matter has been a topic of conversation among hip-hop DJs for years.\" In 2010 Rebekah Farrugia states \"the male-centricity of EDM culture\" contributes to \"a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces.\" While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated, Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as \"male technophilia.\" Historian Ruth Oldenziel concurs in her writing on engineering with this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement with technology.", "Kemistry &amp; Storm  Kemistry & Storm were an English drum and bass DJ and recording duo, comprising Kemistry (Valerie Olukemi A \"Kemi\" Olusanya) and Storm (Jayne Conneely). They were active in the 1990s. Along with Goldie, they founded the Metalheadz label in 1994. Appearing mainly on the club scene, recordings by the act include the mix album \"\" (1999). They were recognized for being \"some of the first women DJs to have a widely distributed album\" in a \"male-dominated genre of music\". Olusanya died in April 1999. Both Kemistry and Storm grew up in Kettering, where they met and became friends. They kept in touch as their lives diverged over the coming years, working as a make-up artist and in radiography respectively, and gave up their careers to begin DJing when both found themselves living in London in the early 1990s. They first started out on London pirate radio stations Touchdown and Defection FM. Along with Goldie, whom Kemistry had introduced to the drum and bass scene in the early years of the decade, they founded the Metalheadz record label in 1994. With Goldie, they led Metalheadz for two-and-a-half years before leaving the label. The success of their DJ-Kicks album brought them opportunities to DJ internationally and has been described as \"paving the way for other, younger, female DJs\". The duo's collaboration came to an end with the death of Kemistry in a traffic accident in the early morning of 25 April 1999, while returning from a Kemistry & Storm gig in Southampton."], "answer": {"text": "Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac.", "answer_start": 1164}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0f737ae154554703a749cb4a2c752c78_0_q#1", "question": "How are they treated by their male counterparts?", "rewrite": "How are female DJs such as Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac  treated by their male counterparts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nicole Moudaber Nicole Moudaber is a Lebanese/British event promoter, record label founder, radio personality, and DJ/producer. She is the head of her own imprint MOOD Records and runs an award-winning weekly radio show, In The MOOD. Nicole Moudaber was born in Nigeria. She began her career promoting dance parties in Beirut, Lebanon during the 1990s, before transferring to London where she established herself as a DJ and producer. She came to the attention of Carl Cox in 2009 when she signed to his record label Intec. She released her first album \"Believe\" in 2013 on Drumcode Records. Moudaber has been featured by Billboard, The New York Times, CNN, PAPER Magazine, Mixmag, and Dancing Astronaut. Moudaber started In The Mood Radio in 2014 and it broadcasts weekly in over 50 countries, on over 70 FM stations. Moudaber is also an Ambassador of the Association For Electronic Music (AFEM) alongside Armin van Buuren, Nile Rodgers, Pete Tong, Seth Troxler, Louie Vega and others. Moudaber is a public advocate of Lower Eastside Girls Club, an organization that helps disadvantaged young women pursue a career in music. Moudaber launched her own imprint, MOOD Records, on 25 February 2013 with the release of her \" In\" \"The\" \"Mood\" EP. The official launch party for the imprint took place at Pacha NYC on Saturday, 26 January. The imprint has released music from Moudaber, Carl Cox, Carlo Lio, Franciso Allendes, Joel Mull, Juvenal (SKIN), Marino Canal, Pan-Pot, Pleasurekraft and Victor Calderone. In 2015, Moudaber collaborated with Skin from Skunk Anansie to release the \"Breed\" EP.", "She explains: \"an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field ... is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys have come to love things technical, how boys have historically been socialized as technophiles.\" Lucy Green has focused on gender in relation to musical performers and creators, and specifically on educational frameworks as they relate to both. She suggests that women's alienation from \"areas that have a strong technological tendency such as DJ-ing, sound engineering and producing\" are \"not necessarily about her dislike of these instruments but relates to the interrupting effect of their dominantly masculine delineations.\" Despite this, women and girls do increasingly engage in turntable and DJ practices, individually and collectively, and \"carve out spaces for themselves in EDM and DJ Culture\". A 2015 article cited a number of prominent female DJs: Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac. There are various projects dedicated to the promotion and support of these practices such as Female DJs London. Some artists and collectives go beyond these practices to be more gender inclusive. For example, Discwoman, a New York-based collective and booking agency, describe themselves as \"representing and showcasing cis women, trans women and genderqueer talent.\"", "Dance Arena has hosted some of the most influential DJs and producers in the world, such as Jeff Mills, Ellen Allien and many more during both No Sleep and EXIT festivals and Fatboy Slim, Nina Kraviz, Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike, Carl Cox, Paul Kalkbrenner, Solomun, Lee Burridge, Maceo Plex, Tale Of Us, Jeff Mills, Amelie Lens, Underworld, Danny Tenaglia, Groove Armada, Luciano, Avicii, Richie Hawtin, David Guetta, Afrojack, Quintino, Deep Dish, Disclosure, Faithless, Hardwell, Martin Garrix, Dixon, Black Coffee, Jamie Jones, Duke Dumont, Robin Schulz, Nicole Moudaber, Adam Beyer, Ida Engberg, Carl Craig, Guy Gerber, Joseph Capriati, Axwell, Steve Angello, Sebastian Ingrosso, Sven V\u00e4th, Sharam, Fran\u00e7ois K, Tiga, Laurent Garnier, John Digweed, Darren Emerson, Chris Liebing, Frankie Knuckles, Eric Prydz, Erick Morillo, Green Velvet, Dubfire, Steve Lawler, David Morales, Sander Kleinenberg, Marshall Jefferson, Roger Sanchez, Timo Maas, LTJ Bukem, Felix da Housecat, Kerri Chandler, DJ Hell, Scuba, George FitzGerald, Seth Troxler, Matador, Marco Carola, Recondite, Booka Shade, Hot Since 82, Jackmaster, Hernan Cattaneo, Nicky Romero, Oliver Heldens, Dave Clarke, Leftfield, Francesca Lombardo, K\u00f6lsch, Octave One, Ben Klock, Marcel Dettmann, Eats Everything, Steve Aoki and many more during the EXIT festival. The inaugural installment of No Sleep was held during the first day of the 2017 edition of the EXIT Festival on the festival's Dance Arena.", "Hideout Festival Hideout Festival is an annual electronic music festival held in Zrce, Croatia on the island of Pag. The first festival was in 2011, and landed on The Guardian's list of the best European festivals of 2011, and since then, has sold out every year to date. The event is split between pool parties in the day and headline performances at night, both of which take place in Zrce's open-air venues along the beach. There's also a number of boat parties that sail from Novalja port out onto the Adriatic In 2016, Hideout Festival took place from Sunday 26 June until Thursday 30 June. It was the first year that BBC Radio 1 teamed up with the event for a 3-hour broadcast from a live pool party event hosted by Heidi, Monki and B Traits. In 2017 Hideout festival will take place from Monday 26th \u2013 Friday 30 June 2017. 5 days and nights, with over 150 artists including MK and Hannah Wants. It is owned and operated by Global. Previous guests have included Seth Troxler, Nina Kraviz, SBTRKT, Ricardo Villalobos, Annie Mac, Skrillex, Four Tet, Andy C, Jamie Jones, DJ EZ, Pendulum, Modeselektor, Disclosure, Rudimental, Solumun, Sasha, Derrick Carter, Gorgon City, Eats Everything, Jamie XX, Hot Since 82 and Hannah Wants. For the 2016 edition, Hideout expanded to include Grime artists on the bill, such as Skepta, Preditah and Stormzy. The lineup for 2019 includes MK, Patrick Topping, Camelphat, Alan Fitzpatrick, Sonny Fodera and many more. Standard 'Tier 1' tickets cost \u00a3149, while 'Earlybird' and 'Tier 2' are also available. The 2019 festival will take place from the 1st of July till the 5th of July.", "BatBox BatBox is the second studio album of new material from French electronic musician Miss Kittin, co-written and produced with Pascal Gabriel. The music combines elements of techno and electro and, as Kittin describes it, a flirtation with Goth culture. It was released on 4 February 2008 on Kittin's Nobody's Bizzness record label, although by January 2008 the album had leaked to the internet. The CD booklet features foldout artwork by Rob Reger, creator of \"Emily the Strange\" character. For \"Batbox\", Miss Kittin teamed up with producer Pascal Gabriel, who had previously worked with Kylie Minogue, Boy George and Sophie Ellis-Bextor. The album was recorded in Pascal\u2019s studio in London over several months in 2007. Of the title, Miss Kittin stated, \"\"BatBox\" is a redemption. Let the bats in my head fly out. I was saying goodbye to old ghosts.\" Musically, the album drew influences from electropop and Detroit techno, and fellow electroclash artists such as Chicks on Speed and Ellen Allien. The CD booklet and cover art were designed by Rob Reger, the creator of \"Emily the Strange\". Miss Kittin met Reger after performing a DJ gig in San Francisco. Jason Lymangrover, writing for AllMusic, commented, \"As she emerges from the broken cocoon of Detroit and German techno influences into a unique artist of her own \u2013 one who is slightly experimental but never lacking a head-bobbing hook \u2013 it's hard to argue when she quips, 'Frenchies do it better.'\" John Burgess from \" The Guardian\" stated, \"Her charismatic approach made her a major electroclash figure, and she has sustained her cult status. This is unlikely to change, despite a more pop approach for \"Batbox\" [...]"], "answer": {"text": "although there are female producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their male counterparts.\"", "answer_start": 445}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who are some women DJs?", "answer": {"text": "Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac.", "answer_start": 1164, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0f737ae154554703a749cb4a2c752c78_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about female DJs other than how the female DJs are treated and who the female DJs are?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edwin worked at Central Station Records for many years \u2014 both in the original Fortitude Valley store and the Brisbane CBD store. He would put aside music and make suggestions for many of the regulars. Edwin also DJ'd at Radical Clothing store in the city in the 1990s. Many of Brisbane's DJs and music artists credit DJ Edwin as giving them their first gigs, including DJ Zentraedi, DJ Jen-E (a.k.a. Jenny Juckel), Bexta, DJ Freestyle, Neurojack and Barking Boy. He gave female DJs a chance to play at the parties he organized \u2014 an unusual occurrence in an otherwise male-dominated field. In the 1990s he organized an all-female main room line up for a gig called \"Adrenalene\". He described the gig as, \"\"Sexy party, sexy girls! For some reason DJing had become a male dominated arena and I believe this is more to do with ignorance and not talent. At the time there were sooo many good female DJs so I thought I would showcase them and let the people decide. Chicks dance, chicks know music and chicks can mix!\" \". In 1997-'98 he created the girl group \"Screw\" and then renamed them the \"Rocket Girls\". Edwin wrote and produced their music, and the group played at local dance parties. In 1993, Edwin also helped Harry Katsanevas compile the weekly DJ chart in Brisbane's dance music street press, Scene Magazine. In 1995, Central Station Records released a CD maxi single of Edwin Morrow's song \"Didgeridoo\". \"Eggo & Hot Pocket\"'s song \"Cities That Are Downlaid\" was written by DJ Edwin & DJ Jen-E.  Edwin also spent years writing, recording and performing music to help patients at Cascade Place \u2014 a day care centre for people with disabilities.", "DJ Rachael began her career as a disc jockey in 1994 and when she could finally stand on her own, other club owners started offering her opportunities to work at their clubs. She left Club Pulsations and joined Club Silk where she worked for eight years as an official and professional disc jockey. While there, she had time to fulfil contracts to play at public and private parties. She gained increasing recognition and received contracts to play at Club Sombreros in Jinja and was hosted at Club Florida 2000 and at Club Carnival, both in Nairobi and Stone Club in Mwanza. Ugandan radio show Saturday Night Mix Show recognised the importance of DJ Rachael in Ugandan electronic music. She performed at Nyege Nyege Festival in 2017. In 2015, BBC Radio 1Xtra chose DJ Rachael as one of Africa's top DJs and musicians, inviting her to discuss music in Uganda. With increased recognition, DJ Rachael has been invited to participate in engagements overseas, including the WOMEX World Music Expo 2016 in Spain, the opening of Impact Hub, an arts space in Florence, Italy in 2017 and at a DAPHNE series event by Marea Stamper, in Chicago, Illinois, United States in January 2017. Kungu has also branched out into music production, training with and mentoring others to increase her skill. Since 2016, she has held monthly workshops for 25 female participants. Her initiative, Femme Electronic, formally launched in 2017 to support female DJs and electronic dance music producers. That year, she held workshops with the Goethe-Institut and Santuri East Africa. In 2017, Dazed acknowledged DJ Rachael as one of \"5 East African musicians you need to know\" and DJ Mag wrote about her work to change the face of electronic music.", "DJs Ted Brown, Al Collins and William B. Williams helped define the MOR musical character of WNEW, lending their own \"professionalism and elegance\" to popular standards programming that included Frank Sinatra, Nat King Cole, Dean Martin, Johnny Mathis, Pat Boone, Patti Page, Bobby Darin, Ray Charles, Tony Bennett, Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, McGuire Sisters, Perry Como and Peggy Lee. In 1957, an FM station was added, 102.7 WNEW-FM. At first WNEW-FM simulcast the AM station. But in 1966, it broke away from the AM station each weekday after the morning show. WNEW-FM continued to play similar music as the AM station, but using different songs. The same DJs were heard on the FM station, but only a few times each hour, as they continued to put most of their focus on the AM programming. Then on July 4, 1966, WNEW-FM tried a twist, an all-female DJ staff. Female radio announcers were still rare at that time. The female DJs on FM 102.7 failed to attract much of an audience since the men on AM 1130 remained quite popular. The experiment ended the following year, with WNEW-FM becoming a progressive rock station. The news department at WNEW flourished in the late 1950s and early 1960s and was considered among the best news operations at an independent radio station. WNEW sent reporters around the world to places like Cuba to interview Fidel Castro and to Africa to interview medical missionary Albert Schweitzer. In 1960, the station won a Peabody Award and an Associated Press Award for the best regularly scheduled news program in New York. Aerospace author Martin Caidin anchored live broadcasts for WNEW during early American space launches in the 1960s, traveling to Cape Canaveral to report on-site.", "She explains: \"an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field ... is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys have come to love things technical, how boys have historically been socialized as technophiles.\" Lucy Green has focused on gender in relation to musical performers and creators, and specifically on educational frameworks as they relate to both. She suggests that women's alienation from \"areas that have a strong technological tendency such as DJ-ing, sound engineering and producing\" are \"not necessarily about her dislike of these instruments but relates to the interrupting effect of their dominantly masculine delineations.\" Despite this, women and girls do increasingly engage in turntable and DJ practices, individually and collectively, and \"carve out spaces for themselves in EDM and DJ Culture\". A 2015 article cited a number of prominent female DJs: Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac. There are various projects dedicated to the promotion and support of these practices such as Female DJs London. Some artists and collectives go beyond these practices to be more gender inclusive. For example, Discwoman, a New York-based collective and booking agency, describe themselves as \"representing and showcasing cis women, trans women and genderqueer talent.\"", "DJ Lambo Olawunmi Okerayi, known by her stage name DJ Lambo, is a Nigerian disc jockey. Her song \"Drank\" was produced by Reinhard and received positive critical reviews and extensive airplay. She was signed to Loopy Music in 2013 before its merge with Chocolate City in 2015. She won DJ of the Year (Female) at the 2016 City People Entertainment Awards. \"Nigerian Entertainment Today\" (NET) listed her as one of top five Nigerian DJ's to watch out for in 2015. In 2017, DJ Lambo was among the few DJs selected to play at Big Brother Nigeria's season 2 Saturday party of the \"Big Brother Naija\" reality game show. DJ Lambo grew up with four brothers in Nigeria. Her father, DJ Tony Lewis influenced her career as a disc jockey. She started her professional career in 2008\u20132009 as a Radio personality|(OAP) on Raypower 100.5 FM, Rhythm FM 94.7 Abuja, and Love 104.5 FM Abuja. DJ Lambo describes her sound as a fusion of house music, techno, afropop and hip hop. Her song \"Drank\" was produced by Reinhard and received positive critical reviews and extensive airplay. She was signed to Loopy Music in 2013 before its merge with Chocolate City in 2015. On March 8, 2017, Smirnoff launched the Equalizing Music initiative on behalf of the International Women's Day to celebrate female DJs around the world. DJ Lambo was ranked number 18 on the Smirnoff Top Women Electronic Artists playlist with her single \"Motion\". On March 20, 2017, Smirnoff Nigeria also celebrated International Women's Day at Crest Hotels and Garden Jos with the top three finalists of the Smirnoff X1 Female DJ contestants alongside DJ Lambo and DJ Spinall at the event."], "answer": {"text": "\"[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male,", "answer_start": 389}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who are some women DJs?", "answer": {"text": "Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac.", "answer_start": 1164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How are they treated by their male counterparts?", "answer": {"text": "although there are female producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their male counterparts.\"", "answer_start": 445, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0f737ae154554703a749cb4a2c752c78_0_q#3", "question": "Who is the most known female DJ?", "rewrite": "Who is the most known female DJ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["6 Way St.  6 Way St. (originally named 'Level 3:16') is an American Christian R&B and Christian hip hop group signed to the Cross Movement Records. They are based out of Indianapolis, Indiana. The group consists of two male M.C.'s, three female vocalists and one female DJ. In 2011, the group reached the \"Billboard\" charts with their debut album under the original band name \"Level 3:16\". The Christian hip hop and Christian R&B group, 6 Way St. started out as 'Level 3:16'. The two male M.C's are Steve \"STV G\" Gaskin and Chris Tabron. The three female vocalists are Kristin \"K Mase\" Mason, Candace Jones, and Crystal Whitaker. The female DJ is Kristen \"K.B.\" Betts. They are based out of Indianapolis, Indiana. In 2009, the six members met while on a summer trip near Indianapolis, IN. The group was part of The Impact Movement at Keynote. This was a program dedicated to training Christian musicians to establish programs, schedule tours and create outreach seminars across the United States. The band launched their debut album, \"Level 3:16\", on December 28, 2010 under the name 'Level 3:16'. The album charted on two \"Billboard\" charts. Rapzilla reviewed the album giving it a three and a half out of five rating, and Cross Rhythms rated the album a ten out of ten. The group subsequently changed their name to 6 Way St.", "The patrons\u2019 positive reactions cemented her interest in the disco genre and increased her commitment to bringing disco sounds to the nightclubs where she worked. When asked how the crowd responded to a female DJ, Karen stated, \u201cBeing a female did have its advantages and disadvantages. Guys would come just to see a girl spin, but would spend quite a bit of time at the booth wanting to chat, which would ruin my concentration. If they were really cute, I certainly didn\u2019t mind as much.\u201d In 1976, just after Karen\u2019s return to Houston, she earned full-time employment as a DJ at Sheraton Oaks Town and Country, which was a rooftop bar in a Sheraton hotel, where she mixed disco music featuring KC and the Sunshine Band, Tavares, Wild Cherry, Commodores, Bee Gees and of course the greatest love songs from that era by Barry White and Lou Rawls to generate excitement, romance, and a stronger dance vibe. Sheraton Oaks was excited to promote its first female disco DJ and featured information about the new female DJ in their radio commercials. In 1976 Karen was recruited by McFaddin Ventures, a popular national nightclub operator. She was hired as DJ at their highest rated and most lucrative nightclub in Houston: Todd\u2019s. It was located in a strip center on Richmond and 610 loop in the Galleria area. A few months later, she was promoted to DJ and Programmer (selecting the best songs and recommending segways) for all of their nightclubs, including the new, premier, member\u2019s only club, \u2018Elan. \u2018Elan was a multi-level, elegant dinner, and dance club for the super elite, where beautiful women could get in free. Celebrities from sports, media, and music industries frequented \u2018Elan.", "Rock DJ \"Rock DJ\" is a song by English singer and songwriter Robbie Williams, featured on his third studio album, \"Sing When You're Winning\" (2000). The song was released on 31 July 2000 as the lead single from the album. It samples the strings from Barry White's song \" It's Ecstasy When You Lay Down Next to Me\" and also contains a sample of \"Can I Kick It? \" by A Tribe Called Quest and has a quote from \"La Di Da Di\" by Slick Rick and Doug E. Fresh. It reached number one in Iceland, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom as well as the top 10 in Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain, and Switzerland. \"Rock DJ\" was the fourth best-selling song of 2000 in the United Kingdom. The music video features Williams trying to impress a female DJ by stripping naked and eventually resorting to removing his skin and muscles, ending up as a skeleton. The song won British Single of the Year, and the video won British Video of the Year at the 2001 Brit Awards. The accompanying music video for \"Rock DJ\" was directed by Vaughan Arnell. It begins with Williams dancing on a roller disco with women skating around him. He wants to get the attention of the female DJ (played by Lauren Gold) standing above the stage, so he begins taking off his clothes. After he finally gets her attention he proceeds with stripping of his skin, muscles and organs, until the only thing left of him are his bones, which is performed by special effects. In the end, the DJ dances with his skeleton. The video ends with the note, \"No Robbies were Harmed During the Making of this Video\", a pun on the \"No animals were harmed\" note.", "Heralded as the first and only Indian female club DJ in South Africa, Roxxi was soon asked to appear at many events and shows. In 2007, Roxxi was selected as the only female DJ on board the AXE Jet Experience to Ibiza with top SA celebrities. This gave Roxxi the opportunity to travel to Ibiza and perform with top South African 5FM DJ's. In 2009, DJ Roxxi decided to embark on a new venture. She teamed up with longtime friend and fellow artist Nic Billington and penned a track entitled \"Away\". The track features Nic Billington on vocals and was produced by Craig Massiv from Flash Republic fame. The track which was offered as free download to fans reached number one on the top 9 at 9 on East Coast Radio on 4 December 2009 making Roxxi the first female DJ in South Africa to have a number 1 single. Roxxi was nominated as one of \"Cosmopolitan Magazine\"s Top 30 Awesome Women of 2006. Roxxi was also selected as a rising star in the Standard Bank Salutes Women of KZN Awards in 2008.", "Although the club was billed as a discoth\u00e8que, suggesting that it offered only recorded music, the Whisky a Go Go opened with a live band led by Johnny Rivers and DJ Rhonda Lane, spinning records between sets from a suspended cage at the right of the stage. The Whisky a Go Go was one of the places that popularized go-go dancing. Elmer Valentine, in a 2006 \"Vanity Fair\" article, recalled arranging to have a female DJ play records between Rivers' sets so patrons could continue dancing. But because there was not enough room on the floor for a DJ booth, he had a glass-walled booth mounted high above the floor. A contest was held for the female DJ job but when the young winner called Valentine on the night of the opening and tearfully said her mother forbade her from doing it, Valentine recruited the club's cigarette girl, Patty Brockhurst. Valentine quickly hired two more female dancers, one of whom, Joanna Labean, designed the official go-go-girl costume of fringed dress and white boots. Rivers rode the Whisky-born go-go craze to national fame with records recorded partly \"Live at the Whisky\". In addition, The Miracles recorded the song \"Going to a Go-Go\" in 1966 (which was covered in 1982 by The Rolling Stones), and Whisky a Go Go franchises sprang up all over the country. Arguably, the rock and roll scene in Los Angeles was born when the Whisky started operation; because of its status as a historic music landmark, the venue was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2006. The Whisky played an important role in many musical careers, especially for bands based in Southern California."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who are some women DJs?", "answer": {"text": "Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac.", "answer_start": 1164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How are they treated by their male counterparts?", "answer": {"text": "although there are female producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their male counterparts.\"", "answer_start": 445, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "\"[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male,", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#0", "question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "rewrite": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A study by the HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium in 2009 using the similar principal components analysis found that East Asian and South-East Asian populations clustered together, and suggested a common origin for these populations. At the same time they observed a broad discontinuity between this cluster and South Asia, commenting \"most of the Indian populations showed evidence of shared ancestry with European populations\". It was noted that \"genetic ancestry is strongly correlated with linguistic affiliations as well as geography\". Studies of clustering reopened a debate on the scientific reality of race, or lack thereof. In the late 1990s Harvard evolutionary geneticist Richard Lewontin stated that \"no justification can be offered for continuing the biological concept of race. (...) Genetic data shows that no matter how racial groups are defined, two people from the same racial group are about as different from each other as two people from any two different racial groups. This view has been affirmed by numerous authors and the American Association of Physical Anthropologists since. A.W.F. Edwards as well as Rick Kittles and Jeffrey Long have criticized Lewontin's methodology, with Long noting that there are more similarities between humans and chimpanzees than differences, and more genetic variation within chimps and humans than between them. Edwards also charged that Lewontin made an \"unjustified assault on human classification, which he deplored for social reasons\". In their 2015 article, Keith Hunley, Graciela Cabana, and Jeffrey Long recalculate the apportionment of human diversity using a more complex model than Lewontin and his successors.", "In 1972 50 academics, including the psychologists Jensen, Eysenck and Herrnstein as well as five Nobel laureates, signed a statement entitled \"\"Resolution on Scientific Freedom Regarding Human Behavior and Heredity\"\", criticizing the climate of \"suppression, punishment and defamation of scientists who emphasized the role of heredity in human behavior\". In October 1973 a half-page advertisement entitled \"\"Resolution Against Racism\"\" appeared in the New York Times. With over 1000 academic signatories, including Lewontin, it condemned \"racist research\", denouncing in particular Jensen, Shockley and Herrnstein. This was accompanied by a high level of commentaries, criticisms and denouncements from the academic community. Two issues of the Harvard Educational Review were devoted to critiques of Jensen's work by psychologists, biologists and educationalists. As documented by , the main commentaries involved: population genetics (Richard Lewontin, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Walter Bodmer); the heritability of intelligence (Christopher Jencks, Mary Jo Bane, Leon Kamin, David Layzer); the possible inaccuracy of IQ tests as measures of intelligence (summarised in ); and sociological assumptions about the relationship between intelligence and income (Jencks and Bane). More specifically, the Harvard biologist Richard Lewontin commented on Jensen's use of population genetics, writing that, \"The fundamental error of Jensen's argument is to confuse heritability of character within a population with heritability between two populations.\" Jensen denied making such a claim, saying that his argument was that high within-group heritability increased the probability of non-zero between-group heritability.", "Spandrel (biology) In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic characteristic that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection. That is, it is a trait that is not particularly advantageous to have, though it is retained because it is not particularly harmful to have. The term \"spandrel\" originated as an architectural word for the roughly triangular space between the tops of two adjacent arches and the ceiling. These spaces were not actually utilized until later on, when artists realized they could make designs and paint in these small areas, enhancing the overall design of the building. Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin brought the term into biology in their 1979 paper \"\". This defined the biological concept and argued the case for a structuralist view of evolution. The term was coined by Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and population geneticist Richard Lewontin in their paper \"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme\" (1979). Evolutionary biologist G\u00fcnter P. Wagner called the paper \"the most influential structuralist manifesto\". In their paper, Gould and Lewontin employed the analogy of spandrels in Renaissance architecture: curved areas of masonry between arches supporting a dome that arise as a consequence of decisions about the shape of the arches and the base of the dome, rather than being designed for the artistic purposes for which they were often employed. The authors singled out properties like the necessary number of four spandrels and their specific three-dimensional shape. At the time, it was thought in the scientific community that everything an animal has developed that has a positive effect on that animal's fitness was due to natural selection or some adaptation.", "The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change is a book by Richard Lewontin about evolutionary genetics. Originally published by Columbia University Press in 1974, the book originated in a series of lectures, known as the \"Jesup lectures\", that Lewontin gave at Columbia University in 1969. In a blurb promoting the book, Columbia University Press claimed that it \"will surely become one of the landmarks in twentieth-century science\", for which they were criticized by some of the book's reviewers. James F. Crow, for example, argued that the Columbia employees who chose to describe the book in this way \"should have their wrists slapped\", adding, \"... this is not \"the Origin of Species\". It is just a thoughtful, readable, and very stimulating book.\" In his review of \"The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change\", Donald J. Nash described it as \"...a fine addition to the series of volumes on evolutionary biology published by Columbia University Press.\" Joseph Felsenstein also reviewed the book favorably, describing it as \"... the book we always knew Dick Lewontin could write\" and \"... a brilliant comprehensive introductory review of the controversy over the evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms. \" In his review of the book, James F. Crow described it as \"a fine book\", praising Lewontin for his \"gift for seeing problems clearly, for marshalling the relevant evidence, and for presenting all this in an interesting way.\" Crow concluded that \"[i]n the areas in which there has been the greatest controversy, Lewontin has presented the scientific issues fairly and objectively.\" However, Crow also criticized Lewontin for inserting \"irrelevant social and political statements\" into several parts of the book.", "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy \"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy\" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edwards' paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Gr\u00f8nfeldt Winther in a recent anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. In the 1972 study \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (\"F\") statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined \"races\" ( Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a \"race\", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, \"Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance.\" This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups cannot have any genetic underpinnings."], "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#1", "question": "What else did he accomplish?", "rewrite": "What else did Richard Lewontin accomplish, besides his work in theoretical and experimental population genetics?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy \"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy\" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edwards' paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Gr\u00f8nfeldt Winther in a recent anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. In the 1972 study \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (\"F\") statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined \"races\" ( Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a \"race\", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, \"Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance.\" This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups cannot have any genetic underpinnings.", "The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change is a book by Richard Lewontin about evolutionary genetics. Originally published by Columbia University Press in 1974, the book originated in a series of lectures, known as the \"Jesup lectures\", that Lewontin gave at Columbia University in 1969. In a blurb promoting the book, Columbia University Press claimed that it \"will surely become one of the landmarks in twentieth-century science\", for which they were criticized by some of the book's reviewers. James F. Crow, for example, argued that the Columbia employees who chose to describe the book in this way \"should have their wrists slapped\", adding, \"... this is not \"the Origin of Species\". It is just a thoughtful, readable, and very stimulating book.\" In his review of \"The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change\", Donald J. Nash described it as \"...a fine addition to the series of volumes on evolutionary biology published by Columbia University Press.\" Joseph Felsenstein also reviewed the book favorably, describing it as \"... the book we always knew Dick Lewontin could write\" and \"... a brilliant comprehensive introductory review of the controversy over the evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms. \" In his review of the book, James F. Crow described it as \"a fine book\", praising Lewontin for his \"gift for seeing problems clearly, for marshalling the relevant evidence, and for presenting all this in an interesting way.\" Crow concluded that \"[i]n the areas in which there has been the greatest controversy, Lewontin has presented the scientific issues fairly and objectively.\" However, Crow also criticized Lewontin for inserting \"irrelevant social and political statements\" into several parts of the book.", "In 1972 50 academics, including the psychologists Jensen, Eysenck and Herrnstein as well as five Nobel laureates, signed a statement entitled \"\"Resolution on Scientific Freedom Regarding Human Behavior and Heredity\"\", criticizing the climate of \"suppression, punishment and defamation of scientists who emphasized the role of heredity in human behavior\". In October 1973 a half-page advertisement entitled \"\"Resolution Against Racism\"\" appeared in the New York Times. With over 1000 academic signatories, including Lewontin, it condemned \"racist research\", denouncing in particular Jensen, Shockley and Herrnstein. This was accompanied by a high level of commentaries, criticisms and denouncements from the academic community. Two issues of the Harvard Educational Review were devoted to critiques of Jensen's work by psychologists, biologists and educationalists. As documented by , the main commentaries involved: population genetics (Richard Lewontin, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Walter Bodmer); the heritability of intelligence (Christopher Jencks, Mary Jo Bane, Leon Kamin, David Layzer); the possible inaccuracy of IQ tests as measures of intelligence (summarised in ); and sociological assumptions about the relationship between intelligence and income (Jencks and Bane). More specifically, the Harvard biologist Richard Lewontin commented on Jensen's use of population genetics, writing that, \"The fundamental error of Jensen's argument is to confuse heritability of character within a population with heritability between two populations.\" Jensen denied making such a claim, saying that his argument was that high within-group heritability increased the probability of non-zero between-group heritability.", "In a series of papers starting in 1918 and culminating in his 1930 book \"The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection\", Fisher showed that the continuous variation measured by the biometricians could be produced by the combined action of many discrete genes, and that natural selection could change allele frequencies in a population, resulting in evolution. In a series of papers beginning in 1924, another British geneticist, J.B.S. Haldane, worked out the mathematics of allele frequency change at a single gene locus under a broad range of conditions. Haldane also applied statistical analysis to real-world examples of natural selection, such as peppered moth evolution and industrial melanism, and showed that selection coefficients could be larger than Fisher assumed, leading to more rapid adaptive evolution as a camouflage strategy following increased pollution. The American biologist Sewall Wright, who had a background in animal breeding experiments, focused on combinations of interacting genes, and the effects of inbreeding on small, relatively isolated populations that exhibited genetic drift. In 1932 Wright introduced the concept of an adaptive landscape and argued that genetic drift and inbreeding could drive a small, isolated sub-population away from an adaptive peak, allowing natural selection to drive it towards different adaptive peaks. The work of Fisher, Haldane and Wright founded the discipline of population genetics. This integrated natural selection with Mendelian genetics, which was the critical first step in developing a unified theory of how evolution worked. John Maynard Smith was Haldane's pupil, whilst W.D. Hamilton was heavily influenced by the writings of Fisher. The American George R. Price worked with both Hamilton and Maynard Smith. American Richard Lewontin and Japanese Motoo Kimura were heavily influenced by Wright and Haldane. The mathematics of population genetics were originally developed as the beginning of the modern synthesis.", "Lewontin has worked in both theoretical and experimental population genetics. A hallmark of his work has been an interest in new technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci). In 1960 he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci. This set off a wave of theoretical work on two-locus selection in the 1960s and 1970s. Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration. Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.) In 1966, he and Jack Hubby published a paper that revolutionized population genetics. They used protein gel electrophoresis to survey dozens of loci in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, and reported that a large fraction of the loci were polymorphic, and that at the average locus there was about a 15% chance that the individual was heterozygous. (Harry Harris reported similar results for humans at about the same time.) Previous work with gel electrophoresis had been reports of variation in single loci and did not give any sense of how common variation was. Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation of the high levels of variability by either balancing selection or neutral mutation. Although they did not commit themselves to advocating neutrality, this was the first clear statement of the neutral theory for levels of variability within species."], "answer": {"text": "technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci).", "answer_start": 129}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#2", "question": "What else was he the first to do?", "rewrite": "What else was Richard Lewontin the first to do, in addition to being the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It theorizes that an increasing phenotypic independence corresponds to a decrease in the likelihood that a given mutation will result in an increase in fitness. Expanding on Fisher's work, Sewall Wright provided more evidence in his 1968 book \"Evolution and the Genetics of Populations: Genetic and Biometric Foundations\" by using molecular genetics to support the idea of \"universal pleiotropy\". The concepts of these various studies on evolution have seeded numerous other research projects relating to individual fitness. In 1957 evolutionary biologist George C. Williams theorized that antagonistic effects will be exhibited during an organism's life cycle if it is closely linked and pleiotropic. Natural selection favors genes that are more beneficial prior to reproduction than after (leading to an increase in reproductive success). Knowing this, Williams argued that if only close linkage was present, then beneficial traits will occur both before and after reproduction due to natural selection. This, however, is not observed in nature, and thus antagonistic pleiotropy contributes to the slow deterioration with age (senescence). Pleiotropy describes the genetic effect of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits. The underlying mechanism is genes that code for a product that is either used by various cells or has a cascade-like signaling function that affects various targets. One basic model of pleiotropy's origin describes a single gene locus to the expression of a certain trait. The locus affects the expressed trait only through changing the expression of other loci. Over time, that locus would affect two traits by interacting with a second locus. Directional selection for both traits during the same time period would increase the positive correlation between the traits, while selection on only one trait would decrease the positive correlation between the two traits. Eventually, traits that underwent directional selection simultaneously were linked by a single gene, resulting in pleiotropy.", "In a series of papers starting in 1918 and culminating in his 1930 book \"The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection\", Fisher showed that the continuous variation measured by the biometricians could be produced by the combined action of many discrete genes, and that natural selection could change allele frequencies in a population, resulting in evolution. In a series of papers beginning in 1924, another British geneticist, J.B.S. Haldane, worked out the mathematics of allele frequency change at a single gene locus under a broad range of conditions. Haldane also applied statistical analysis to real-world examples of natural selection, such as peppered moth evolution and industrial melanism, and showed that selection coefficients could be larger than Fisher assumed, leading to more rapid adaptive evolution as a camouflage strategy following increased pollution. The American biologist Sewall Wright, who had a background in animal breeding experiments, focused on combinations of interacting genes, and the effects of inbreeding on small, relatively isolated populations that exhibited genetic drift. In 1932 Wright introduced the concept of an adaptive landscape and argued that genetic drift and inbreeding could drive a small, isolated sub-population away from an adaptive peak, allowing natural selection to drive it towards different adaptive peaks. The work of Fisher, Haldane and Wright founded the discipline of population genetics. This integrated natural selection with Mendelian genetics, which was the critical first step in developing a unified theory of how evolution worked. John Maynard Smith was Haldane's pupil, whilst W.D. Hamilton was heavily influenced by the writings of Fisher. The American George R. Price worked with both Hamilton and Maynard Smith. American Richard Lewontin and Japanese Motoo Kimura were heavily influenced by Wright and Haldane. The mathematics of population genetics were originally developed as the beginning of the modern synthesis.", "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy \"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy\" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edwards' paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Gr\u00f8nfeldt Winther in a recent anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. In the 1972 study \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (\"F\") statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined \"races\" ( Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a \"race\", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, \"Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance.\" This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups cannot have any genetic underpinnings.", "In 1972 50 academics, including the psychologists Jensen, Eysenck and Herrnstein as well as five Nobel laureates, signed a statement entitled \"\"Resolution on Scientific Freedom Regarding Human Behavior and Heredity\"\", criticizing the climate of \"suppression, punishment and defamation of scientists who emphasized the role of heredity in human behavior\". In October 1973 a half-page advertisement entitled \"\"Resolution Against Racism\"\" appeared in the New York Times. With over 1000 academic signatories, including Lewontin, it condemned \"racist research\", denouncing in particular Jensen, Shockley and Herrnstein. This was accompanied by a high level of commentaries, criticisms and denouncements from the academic community. Two issues of the Harvard Educational Review were devoted to critiques of Jensen's work by psychologists, biologists and educationalists. As documented by , the main commentaries involved: population genetics (Richard Lewontin, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Walter Bodmer); the heritability of intelligence (Christopher Jencks, Mary Jo Bane, Leon Kamin, David Layzer); the possible inaccuracy of IQ tests as measures of intelligence (summarised in ); and sociological assumptions about the relationship between intelligence and income (Jencks and Bane). More specifically, the Harvard biologist Richard Lewontin commented on Jensen's use of population genetics, writing that, \"The fundamental error of Jensen's argument is to confuse heritability of character within a population with heritability between two populations.\" Jensen denied making such a claim, saying that his argument was that high within-group heritability increased the probability of non-zero between-group heritability.", "Lewontin has worked in both theoretical and experimental population genetics. A hallmark of his work has been an interest in new technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci). In 1960 he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci. This set off a wave of theoretical work on two-locus selection in the 1960s and 1970s. Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration. Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.) In 1966, he and Jack Hubby published a paper that revolutionized population genetics. They used protein gel electrophoresis to survey dozens of loci in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, and reported that a large fraction of the loci were polymorphic, and that at the average locus there was about a 15% chance that the individual was heterozygous. (Harry Harris reported similar results for humans at about the same time.) Previous work with gel electrophoresis had been reports of variation in single loci and did not give any sense of how common variation was. Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation of the high levels of variability by either balancing selection or neutral mutation. Although they did not commit themselves to advocating neutrality, this was the first clear statement of the neutral theory for levels of variability within species."], "answer": {"text": "he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci.", "answer_start": 309}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci).", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#3", "question": "What resulted from these discoveries?", "rewrite": "What resulted from Richard Lewontin and Ken-Ichi Kojima's discoveries in population genetics?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tomoko Ohta  Ohta graduated from the Agriculture Department of the University of Tokyo in 1956. Shortly after graduating, she was hired at the Kihara Institute for Biological Research where she focused on the cytogenetics of wheat and sugar beets. In 1962 an opportunity provided by Hitoshi Kihara to study abroad in the U.S. became available. While a graduate student at the Graduate School of North Carolina State University, she switched her graduate study focus from plant cytogenetics to population genetics. She then was able to assist her advisor, Ken-Ichi Kojima, in working on problems in stochastic population genetics where they took into account the random changes of allelic frequencies. She obtained her Ph.D. from North Carolina State University in 1966. Because she had studied abroad as a Fulbright student, she was only able to stay in the United States to finish her PhD. Returning to Japan, Ohta worked under Motoo Kimura, who was the only theoretical population geneticist in Japan at the time. After working on the neutral theory of evolution with her mentor Kimura, she became convinced that nearly neutral mutations (neither deleterious nor entirely neutral) played an important role in evolution. She developed the slightly damaging model (Ohta, 1973), then a more general form, the nearly neutral theory of evolution. She worked at the Japanese National Institute of Genetics from 1969 to 1996, and, in 2002, she was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences as a foreign associate in evolutionary biology. She was married to Yasuo Ohta from 1960 to 1972, and has one child. When Ohta first published her Nearly Neutral theory, she faced difficulty in attracting the scientific research community's attention. Many researchers at the time strongly supported the natural selection theory.", "Ken-Ichi Kojima Ken-Ichi Kojima (September 17, 1930 \u2013 November 14, 1971) was a Japanese-American population geneticist. Kojima was born on September 17, 1930 in Toyama, Japan, to Seiji and Masako Kojima. He graduated from Kyoto University with a B.S. degree in 1953; he went on to attend graduate school there, where he studied plant genetics under the supervision of Hitoshi Kihara. In 1955, Kojima, then a Fulbright Fellow, moved to North Carolina State University (NCSU) in Raleigh, North Carolina to begin studying for his Ph.D. in statistics and genetics. During this time, he was one of several major contributors to NCSU's Rockefeller Foundation-funded Quantitative Genetics Program. He received his Ph.D. from North Carolina State University in 1958, where he was a graduate student of Ralph E. Comstock, Columbus Clark Cockerham, and Richard Lewontin. While at NCSU, Kojima was an assistant statistician in the Institute of Statistics from 1957 to 1958, and an assistant geneticist in the Department of Genetics from 1958 to 1959. In 1959, he was appointed assistant professor in NCSU's Department of Genetics, where he was promoted to associate professor in 1961 and to full professor in 1964. In 1967, he joined the University of Texas at Austin as Professor in the Department of Zoology. There, he and his colleagues conducted extensive research on frequency-dependent selection of enzyme loci, as well as the evolutionary fitness of the esterase-6 system, in \"Drosophila\" flies. Kojima died in a highway accident near Austin, Texas on November 14, 1971.", "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy \"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy\" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edwards' paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Gr\u00f8nfeldt Winther in a recent anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. In the 1972 study \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (\"F\") statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined \"races\" ( Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a \"race\", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, \"Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance.\" This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups cannot have any genetic underpinnings.", "In 1972 50 academics, including the psychologists Jensen, Eysenck and Herrnstein as well as five Nobel laureates, signed a statement entitled \"\"Resolution on Scientific Freedom Regarding Human Behavior and Heredity\"\", criticizing the climate of \"suppression, punishment and defamation of scientists who emphasized the role of heredity in human behavior\". In October 1973 a half-page advertisement entitled \"\"Resolution Against Racism\"\" appeared in the New York Times. With over 1000 academic signatories, including Lewontin, it condemned \"racist research\", denouncing in particular Jensen, Shockley and Herrnstein. This was accompanied by a high level of commentaries, criticisms and denouncements from the academic community. Two issues of the Harvard Educational Review were devoted to critiques of Jensen's work by psychologists, biologists and educationalists. As documented by , the main commentaries involved: population genetics (Richard Lewontin, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Walter Bodmer); the heritability of intelligence (Christopher Jencks, Mary Jo Bane, Leon Kamin, David Layzer); the possible inaccuracy of IQ tests as measures of intelligence (summarised in ); and sociological assumptions about the relationship between intelligence and income (Jencks and Bane). More specifically, the Harvard biologist Richard Lewontin commented on Jensen's use of population genetics, writing that, \"The fundamental error of Jensen's argument is to confuse heritability of character within a population with heritability between two populations.\" Jensen denied making such a claim, saying that his argument was that high within-group heritability increased the probability of non-zero between-group heritability.", "Lewontin has worked in both theoretical and experimental population genetics. A hallmark of his work has been an interest in new technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci). In 1960 he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci. This set off a wave of theoretical work on two-locus selection in the 1960s and 1970s. Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration. Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.) In 1966, he and Jack Hubby published a paper that revolutionized population genetics. They used protein gel electrophoresis to survey dozens of loci in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, and reported that a large fraction of the loci were polymorphic, and that at the average locus there was about a 15% chance that the individual was heterozygous. (Harry Harris reported similar results for humans at about the same time.) Previous work with gel electrophoresis had been reports of variation in single loci and did not give any sense of how common variation was. Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation of the high levels of variability by either balancing selection or neutral mutation. Although they did not commit themselves to advocating neutrality, this was the first clear statement of the neutral theory for levels of variability within species."], "answer": {"text": "the discovery of high levels of molecular variability gave population geneticists ample material to work on, and gave them access to variation at single loci.", "answer_start": 45}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci).", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he the first to do?", "answer": {"text": "he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci.", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#4", "question": "What happened to him next in his career?", "rewrite": "What happened to Richard Lewontin next in his career, after discovering high levels of molecular variability?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lewontin and Hubby's paper had great impact--the discovery of high levels of molecular variability gave population geneticists ample material to work on, and gave them access to variation at single loci. The possible theoretical explanations of this rampant polymorphism became the focus of most population genetics work thereafter. Martin Kreitman was later to do a pioneering survey of population-level variability in DNA sequences while a Ph.D. student in Lewontin's lab.", "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy \"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy\" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edwards' paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Gr\u00f8nfeldt Winther in a recent anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. In the 1972 study \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (\"F\") statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined \"races\" ( Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a \"race\", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, \"Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance.\" This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups cannot have any genetic underpinnings.", "Spandrel (biology) In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic characteristic that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection. That is, it is a trait that is not particularly advantageous to have, though it is retained because it is not particularly harmful to have. The term \"spandrel\" originated as an architectural word for the roughly triangular space between the tops of two adjacent arches and the ceiling. These spaces were not actually utilized until later on, when artists realized they could make designs and paint in these small areas, enhancing the overall design of the building. Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin brought the term into biology in their 1979 paper \"\". This defined the biological concept and argued the case for a structuralist view of evolution. The term was coined by Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and population geneticist Richard Lewontin in their paper \"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme\" (1979). Evolutionary biologist G\u00fcnter P. Wagner called the paper \"the most influential structuralist manifesto\". In their paper, Gould and Lewontin employed the analogy of spandrels in Renaissance architecture: curved areas of masonry between arches supporting a dome that arise as a consequence of decisions about the shape of the arches and the base of the dome, rather than being designed for the artistic purposes for which they were often employed. The authors singled out properties like the necessary number of four spandrels and their specific three-dimensional shape. At the time, it was thought in the scientific community that everything an animal has developed that has a positive effect on that animal's fitness was due to natural selection or some adaptation.", "In 1972 50 academics, including the psychologists Jensen, Eysenck and Herrnstein as well as five Nobel laureates, signed a statement entitled \"\"Resolution on Scientific Freedom Regarding Human Behavior and Heredity\"\", criticizing the climate of \"suppression, punishment and defamation of scientists who emphasized the role of heredity in human behavior\". In October 1973 a half-page advertisement entitled \"\"Resolution Against Racism\"\" appeared in the New York Times. With over 1000 academic signatories, including Lewontin, it condemned \"racist research\", denouncing in particular Jensen, Shockley and Herrnstein. This was accompanied by a high level of commentaries, criticisms and denouncements from the academic community. Two issues of the Harvard Educational Review were devoted to critiques of Jensen's work by psychologists, biologists and educationalists. As documented by , the main commentaries involved: population genetics (Richard Lewontin, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Walter Bodmer); the heritability of intelligence (Christopher Jencks, Mary Jo Bane, Leon Kamin, David Layzer); the possible inaccuracy of IQ tests as measures of intelligence (summarised in ); and sociological assumptions about the relationship between intelligence and income (Jencks and Bane). More specifically, the Harvard biologist Richard Lewontin commented on Jensen's use of population genetics, writing that, \"The fundamental error of Jensen's argument is to confuse heritability of character within a population with heritability between two populations.\" Jensen denied making such a claim, saying that his argument was that high within-group heritability increased the probability of non-zero between-group heritability.", "The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change is a book by Richard Lewontin about evolutionary genetics. Originally published by Columbia University Press in 1974, the book originated in a series of lectures, known as the \"Jesup lectures\", that Lewontin gave at Columbia University in 1969. In a blurb promoting the book, Columbia University Press claimed that it \"will surely become one of the landmarks in twentieth-century science\", for which they were criticized by some of the book's reviewers. James F. Crow, for example, argued that the Columbia employees who chose to describe the book in this way \"should have their wrists slapped\", adding, \"... this is not \"the Origin of Species\". It is just a thoughtful, readable, and very stimulating book.\" In his review of \"The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change\", Donald J. Nash described it as \"...a fine addition to the series of volumes on evolutionary biology published by Columbia University Press.\" Joseph Felsenstein also reviewed the book favorably, describing it as \"... the book we always knew Dick Lewontin could write\" and \"... a brilliant comprehensive introductory review of the controversy over the evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms. \" In his review of the book, James F. Crow described it as \"a fine book\", praising Lewontin for his \"gift for seeing problems clearly, for marshalling the relevant evidence, and for presenting all this in an interesting way.\" Crow concluded that \"[i]n the areas in which there has been the greatest controversy, Lewontin has presented the scientific issues fairly and objectively.\" However, Crow also criticized Lewontin for inserting \"irrelevant social and political statements\" into several parts of the book."], "answer": {"text": "Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.", "answer_start": 704}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci).", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he the first to do?", "answer": {"text": "he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci.", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What resulted from these discoveries?", "answer": {"text": "the discovery of high levels of molecular variability gave population geneticists ample material to work on, and gave them access to variation at single loci.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#5", "question": "Did he publish any more of his research?", "rewrite": "Did Richard Lewontin publish any more of his research, aside from introducing the term \"linkage disequilibrium\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lewontin has worked in both theoretical and experimental population genetics. A hallmark of his work has been an interest in new technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci). In 1960 he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci. This set off a wave of theoretical work on two-locus selection in the 1960s and 1970s. Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration. Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.) In 1966, he and Jack Hubby published a paper that revolutionized population genetics. They used protein gel electrophoresis to survey dozens of loci in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, and reported that a large fraction of the loci were polymorphic, and that at the average locus there was about a 15% chance that the individual was heterozygous. (Harry Harris reported similar results for humans at about the same time.) Previous work with gel electrophoresis had been reports of variation in single loci and did not give any sense of how common variation was. Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation of the high levels of variability by either balancing selection or neutral mutation. Although they did not commit themselves to advocating neutrality, this was the first clear statement of the neutral theory for levels of variability within species.", "The coefficient of linkage disequilibrium formula_17 is not always a convenient measure of linkage disequilibrium because its range of possible values depends on the frequencies of the alleles it refers to. This makes it difficult to compare the level of linkage disequilibrium between different pairs of alleles. Lewontin suggested normalising \"D\" by dividing it by the theoretical maximum difference between the observed and expected haplotype frequencies as follows:  where An alternative to formula_18 is the correlation coefficient between pairs of loci, expressed as  formula_19. Consider the haplotypes for two loci A and B with two alleles each\u2014a two-locus, two-allele model. Then the following table defines the frequencies of each combination: Note that these are relative frequencies. One can use the above frequencies to determine the frequency of each of the alleles: If the two loci and the alleles are independent from each other, then one can express the observation formula_20 as \"formula_21 is found and formula_22 is found\". The table above lists the frequencies for formula_21, formula_24, and forformula_22, formula_26, hence the frequency of formula_20 is formula_28, and according to the rules of elementary statistics formula_29. The deviation of the observed frequency of a haplotype from the expected is a quantity called the linkage disequilibrium and is commonly denoted by a capital D: The following table illustrates the relationship between the haplotype frequencies and allele frequencies and D. In the absence of evolutionary forces other than random mating, Mendelian segregation, random chromosomal assortment, and chromosomal crossover (i.e. in the absence of natural selection, inbreeding, and genetic drift),", "Linkage disequilibrium In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at different loci in a given population. Loci are said to be in linkage disequilibrium when the frequency of association of their different alleles is higher or lower than what would be expected if the loci were independent and associated randomly. Linkage disequilibrium is influenced by many factors, including selection, the rate of genetic recombination, mutation rate, genetic drift, the system of mating, population structure, and genetic linkage. As a result, the pattern of linkage disequilibrium in a genome is a powerful signal of the population genetic processes that are structuring it. In spite of its name, linkage disequilibrium may exist between alleles at different loci without any genetic linkage between them and independently of whether or not allele frequencies are in equilibrium (not changing with time). Furthermore, linkage disequilibrium is sometimes referred to as gametic phase disequilibrium; however, the concept also applies to asexual organisms and therefore does not depend on the presence of gametes. Suppose that among the gametes that are formed in a sexually reproducing population, allele \"A\" occurs with frequency formula_1 at one locus (i.e. formula_1 is the proportion of gametes with \"A\" at that locus), while at a different locus allele \"B\" occurs with frequency formula_3. Similarly, let formula_4 be the frequency with which both \"A\" and \"B\" occur together in the same gamete ( i.e. formula_4 is the frequency of the \"AB\" haplotype).", "Linkage disequilibrium score regression In statistical genetics, linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR or LDSC) is a technique that aims to quantify the separate contributions of polygenic effects and various confounding factors, such as population stratification, based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The approach involves using regression analysis to examine the relationship between linkage disequilibrium scores and the test statistics of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the GWAS. Here, the \"linkage disequilibrium score\" for a SNP \"is the sum of LD \"r\" measured with all other SNPs\". LDSC can be used to produce SNP-based heritability estimates, to partition this heritability into separate categories, and to calculate genetic correlations between separate phenotypes. Because the LDSC approach relies only on summary statistics from an entire GWAS, it can be used efficiently even with very large sample sizes. In LDSC, genetic correlations are calculated based on the deviation between chi-square statistics and what would be expected assuming the null hypothesis. LDSC can also be applied across traits to estimate genetic correlations. This extension of LDSC, known as cross-trait LD score regression, has the advantage of not being biased if used on overlapping samples. There is also another extension of LDSC, known as stratified LD score regression (abbreviated SLDSR), that aims to partition heritability by functional annotation by taking into account genetic linkage between markers.", "The association between the alleles \"A\" and \"B\" can be regarded as completely random\u2014which is known in statistics as \"independence\"\u2014when the occurrence of one does not affect the occurrence of the other, in which case the probability that both \"A\" and \"B\" occur together is given by the product formula_6 of the probabilities. There is said to be a linkage disequilibrium between the two alleles whenever formula_4 differs from formula_6 for any reason. The level of linkage disequilibrium between \"A\" and \"B\" can be quantified by the \"coefficient of linkage disequilibrium\" formula_9, which is defined as  provided that both formula_10 and formula_11 are greater than zero. Linkage disequilibrium corresponds to formula_12. In the case formula_13 we have formula_14 and the alleles \"A\" and \"B\" are said to be in \"linkage equilibrium\". The subscript \"AB\" on formula_15 emphasizes that linkage disequilibrium is a property of the pair {\"A\", \"B\"} of alleles and not of their respective loci. Other pairs of alleles at those same two loci may have different coefficients of linkage disequilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium in asexual populations can be defined in a similar way in terms of population allele frequencies. Furthermore, it is also possible to define linkage disequilibrium among three or more alleles, however these higher-order associations are not commonly used in practice."], "answer": {"text": "Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation", "answer_start": 1463}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci).", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he the first to do?", "answer": {"text": "he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci.", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What resulted from these discoveries?", "answer": {"text": "the discovery of high levels of molecular variability gave population geneticists ample material to work on, and gave them access to variation at single loci.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened to him next in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#6", "question": "What explanation did the paper talk about?", "rewrite": "What explanation did Richard Lewontin and Hubby's paper talk about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["J. L. Hubby John Lee \"Jack\" Hubby (March 19, 1932 \u2013 March 28, 1996) was an American geneticist, pioneer of gel electrophoresis, and co-author, with Richard Lewontin, of foundational studies in the field of molecular evolution. After earning a PhD from the University of Texas at Austin in 1959, Hubby took a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Chicago, followed by a faculty position there. In the early 1960s, he developed new applications for gel electrophoresis. He applied the technique to identify different versions of the same protein, reflecting different alleles for the same genetic locus, in fruit flies. Hubby collaborated with Lewontin to produce two breakthrough papers in 1966 that used electrophoresis to determine the level of genetic variation in natural populations of \"Drosophila pseudoobscura\". Their studies revealed high levels of heterozygosity relative to the predictions of most evolutionary theorists.", "The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change is a book by Richard Lewontin about evolutionary genetics. Originally published by Columbia University Press in 1974, the book originated in a series of lectures, known as the \"Jesup lectures\", that Lewontin gave at Columbia University in 1969. In a blurb promoting the book, Columbia University Press claimed that it \"will surely become one of the landmarks in twentieth-century science\", for which they were criticized by some of the book's reviewers. James F. Crow, for example, argued that the Columbia employees who chose to describe the book in this way \"should have their wrists slapped\", adding, \"... this is not \"the Origin of Species\". It is just a thoughtful, readable, and very stimulating book.\" In his review of \"The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change\", Donald J. Nash described it as \"...a fine addition to the series of volumes on evolutionary biology published by Columbia University Press.\" Joseph Felsenstein also reviewed the book favorably, describing it as \"... the book we always knew Dick Lewontin could write\" and \"... a brilliant comprehensive introductory review of the controversy over the evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms. \" In his review of the book, James F. Crow described it as \"a fine book\", praising Lewontin for his \"gift for seeing problems clearly, for marshalling the relevant evidence, and for presenting all this in an interesting way.\" Crow concluded that \"[i]n the areas in which there has been the greatest controversy, Lewontin has presented the scientific issues fairly and objectively.\" However, Crow also criticized Lewontin for inserting \"irrelevant social and political statements\" into several parts of the book.", "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy \"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy\" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edwards' paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Gr\u00f8nfeldt Winther in a recent anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. In the 1972 study \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (\"F\") statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined \"races\" ( Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a \"race\", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, \"Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance.\" This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups cannot have any genetic underpinnings.", "Lewontin has worked in both theoretical and experimental population genetics. A hallmark of his work has been an interest in new technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci). In 1960 he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci. This set off a wave of theoretical work on two-locus selection in the 1960s and 1970s. Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration. Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.) In 1966, he and Jack Hubby published a paper that revolutionized population genetics. They used protein gel electrophoresis to survey dozens of loci in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, and reported that a large fraction of the loci were polymorphic, and that at the average locus there was about a 15% chance that the individual was heterozygous. (Harry Harris reported similar results for humans at about the same time.) Previous work with gel electrophoresis had been reports of variation in single loci and did not give any sense of how common variation was. Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation of the high levels of variability by either balancing selection or neutral mutation. Although they did not commit themselves to advocating neutrality, this was the first clear statement of the neutral theory for levels of variability within species.", "Spandrel (biology) In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic characteristic that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection. That is, it is a trait that is not particularly advantageous to have, though it is retained because it is not particularly harmful to have. The term \"spandrel\" originated as an architectural word for the roughly triangular space between the tops of two adjacent arches and the ceiling. These spaces were not actually utilized until later on, when artists realized they could make designs and paint in these small areas, enhancing the overall design of the building. Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin brought the term into biology in their 1979 paper \"\". This defined the biological concept and argued the case for a structuralist view of evolution. The term was coined by Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and population geneticist Richard Lewontin in their paper \"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme\" (1979). Evolutionary biologist G\u00fcnter P. Wagner called the paper \"the most influential structuralist manifesto\". In their paper, Gould and Lewontin employed the analogy of spandrels in Renaissance architecture: curved areas of masonry between arches supporting a dome that arise as a consequence of decisions about the shape of the arches and the base of the dome, rather than being designed for the artistic purposes for which they were often employed. The authors singled out properties like the necessary number of four spandrels and their specific three-dimensional shape. At the time, it was thought in the scientific community that everything an animal has developed that has a positive effect on that animal's fitness was due to natural selection or some adaptation."], "answer": {"text": "Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration.", "answer_start": 563}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci).", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he the first to do?", "answer": {"text": "he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci.", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What resulted from these discoveries?", "answer": {"text": "the discovery of high levels of molecular variability gave population geneticists ample material to work on, and gave them access to variation at single loci.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened to him next in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he publish any more of his research?", "answer": {"text": "Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation", "answer_start": 1463, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c65a42742c284aafb5d6943acfed3ae0_1_q#7", "question": "Did he have any other important research?", "rewrite": "Did Richard Lewontin have any other important research, besides a paper that gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Spandrel (biology) In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic characteristic that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection. That is, it is a trait that is not particularly advantageous to have, though it is retained because it is not particularly harmful to have. The term \"spandrel\" originated as an architectural word for the roughly triangular space between the tops of two adjacent arches and the ceiling. These spaces were not actually utilized until later on, when artists realized they could make designs and paint in these small areas, enhancing the overall design of the building. Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin brought the term into biology in their 1979 paper \"\". This defined the biological concept and argued the case for a structuralist view of evolution. The term was coined by Harvard paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould and population geneticist Richard Lewontin in their paper \"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme\" (1979). Evolutionary biologist G\u00fcnter P. Wagner called the paper \"the most influential structuralist manifesto\". In their paper, Gould and Lewontin employed the analogy of spandrels in Renaissance architecture: curved areas of masonry between arches supporting a dome that arise as a consequence of decisions about the shape of the arches and the base of the dome, rather than being designed for the artistic purposes for which they were often employed. The authors singled out properties like the necessary number of four spandrels and their specific three-dimensional shape. At the time, it was thought in the scientific community that everything an animal has developed that has a positive effect on that animal's fitness was due to natural selection or some adaptation.", "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy \"Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy\" is a 2003 paper by A. W. F. Edwards. He criticises an argument first made in Richard Lewontin's 1972 article \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", which argued that division of humanity into races is taxonomically invalid. Edwards' paper is reprinted, commented upon by experts such as Noah Rosenberg, and given further context in an interview with philosopher of science Rasmus Gr\u00f8nfeldt Winther in a recent anthology. Edwards' critique is discussed in a number of academic and popular science books, with varying degrees of support. In the 1972 study \"The Apportionment of Human Diversity\", Richard Lewontin performed a fixation index (\"F\") statistical analysis using 17 markers, including blood group proteins, from individuals across classically defined \"races\" ( Caucasian, African, Mongoloid, South Asian Aborigines, Amerinds, Oceanians, and Australian Aborigines). He found that the majority of the total genetic variation between humans (i.e., of the 0.1% of DNA that varies between individuals), 85.4%, is found within populations, 8.3% of the variation is found between populations within a \"race\", and only 6.3% was found to account for the racial classification. Numerous later studies have confirmed his findings. Based on this analysis, Lewontin concluded, \"Since such racial classification is now seen to be of virtually no genetic or taxonomic significance either, no justification can be offered for its continuance.\" This argument has been cited as evidence that racial categories are biologically meaningless, and that behavioral differences between groups cannot have any genetic underpinnings.", "The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change is a book by Richard Lewontin about evolutionary genetics. Originally published by Columbia University Press in 1974, the book originated in a series of lectures, known as the \"Jesup lectures\", that Lewontin gave at Columbia University in 1969. In a blurb promoting the book, Columbia University Press claimed that it \"will surely become one of the landmarks in twentieth-century science\", for which they were criticized by some of the book's reviewers. James F. Crow, for example, argued that the Columbia employees who chose to describe the book in this way \"should have their wrists slapped\", adding, \"... this is not \"the Origin of Species\". It is just a thoughtful, readable, and very stimulating book.\" In his review of \"The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change\", Donald J. Nash described it as \"...a fine addition to the series of volumes on evolutionary biology published by Columbia University Press.\" Joseph Felsenstein also reviewed the book favorably, describing it as \"... the book we always knew Dick Lewontin could write\" and \"... a brilliant comprehensive introductory review of the controversy over the evolutionary significance of protein polymorphisms. \" In his review of the book, James F. Crow described it as \"a fine book\", praising Lewontin for his \"gift for seeing problems clearly, for marshalling the relevant evidence, and for presenting all this in an interesting way.\" Crow concluded that \"[i]n the areas in which there has been the greatest controversy, Lewontin has presented the scientific issues fairly and objectively.\" However, Crow also criticized Lewontin for inserting \"irrelevant social and political statements\" into several parts of the book.", "Lewontin has worked in both theoretical and experimental population genetics. A hallmark of his work has been an interest in new technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci). In 1960 he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci. This set off a wave of theoretical work on two-locus selection in the 1960s and 1970s. Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration. Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.) In 1966, he and Jack Hubby published a paper that revolutionized population genetics. They used protein gel electrophoresis to survey dozens of loci in the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura, and reported that a large fraction of the loci were polymorphic, and that at the average locus there was about a 15% chance that the individual was heterozygous. (Harry Harris reported similar results for humans at about the same time.) Previous work with gel electrophoresis had been reports of variation in single loci and did not give any sense of how common variation was. Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation of the high levels of variability by either balancing selection or neutral mutation. Although they did not commit themselves to advocating neutrality, this was the first clear statement of the neutral theory for levels of variability within species.", "In 1972 50 academics, including the psychologists Jensen, Eysenck and Herrnstein as well as five Nobel laureates, signed a statement entitled \"\"Resolution on Scientific Freedom Regarding Human Behavior and Heredity\"\", criticizing the climate of \"suppression, punishment and defamation of scientists who emphasized the role of heredity in human behavior\". In October 1973 a half-page advertisement entitled \"\"Resolution Against Racism\"\" appeared in the New York Times. With over 1000 academic signatories, including Lewontin, it condemned \"racist research\", denouncing in particular Jensen, Shockley and Herrnstein. This was accompanied by a high level of commentaries, criticisms and denouncements from the academic community. Two issues of the Harvard Educational Review were devoted to critiques of Jensen's work by psychologists, biologists and educationalists. As documented by , the main commentaries involved: population genetics (Richard Lewontin, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Walter Bodmer); the heritability of intelligence (Christopher Jencks, Mary Jo Bane, Leon Kamin, David Layzer); the possible inaccuracy of IQ tests as measures of intelligence (summarised in ); and sociological assumptions about the relationship between intelligence and income (Jencks and Bane). More specifically, the Harvard biologist Richard Lewontin commented on Jensen's use of population genetics, writing that, \"The fundamental error of Jensen's argument is to confuse heritability of character within a population with heritability between two populations.\" Jensen denied making such a claim, saying that his argument was that high within-group heritability increased the probability of non-zero between-group heritability."], "answer": {"text": "Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.", "answer_start": 704}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of work was Richard Lewontin involved in?", "answer": {"text": "both theoretical and experimental population genetics.", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "technology. He was the first person to do a computer simulation of the behavior of a single gene locus (previous simulation work having been of models with multiple loci).", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he the first to do?", "answer": {"text": "he and Ken-Ichi Kojima were the first population geneticists to give the equations for change of haplotype frequencies with interacting natural selection at two loci.", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What resulted from these discoveries?", "answer": {"text": "the discovery of high levels of molecular variability gave population geneticists ample material to work on, and gave them access to variation at single loci.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened to him next in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Lewontin later introduced the D' measure of linkage disequilibrium. (He also introduced the term \"linkage disequilibrium\", about which many population geneticists have been unenthusiastic.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he publish any more of his research?", "answer": {"text": "Lewontin and Hubby's paper also discussed the possible explanation", "answer_start": 1463, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What explanation did the paper talk about?", "answer": {"text": "Their paper gave a theoretical derivation of the equilibria expected, and also investigated the dynamics of the model by computer iteration.", "answer_start": 563, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5845f39aa6d4012a9f5c8565b03cd03_0_q#0", "question": "What is the Indigenous peoples of Mexico's current socio - ecomic status?", "rewrite": "What is the Indigenous peoples of Mexico's current socio - ecomic status?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Plains indigenous peoples Plains indigenous peoples (), previously called plain aborigines, are Taiwanese indigenous peoples originally residing in low land regions, as opposed to Highland indigenous peoples. Plains indigenous peoples consist of anywhere from eight to twelve individual peoples, rather than being a single ethnic group. They are part of the Austronesian family. Plains indigenous peoples have been labelled by Japanese and Han Chinese as \"plains savages\" or the term Pepohoan () from Hokkien and \"cooked savages\" (). Beginning from the 17th century, plains indigenous peoples have been heavily influenced by external forces from Dutch, Spanish and Han Chinese immigration to Taiwan. This ethnic group has since been extensively assimilated with Han Chinese language and culture; they have lost their cultural identity and it is almost impossible without careful inspection to distinguish plains indigenous peoples from Taiwanese Han people. Plains indigenous peoples have not been officially recognised by the Taiwan government, apart from the Kavalan. It was not until the mid-1980s that plains indigenous peoples started gaining interest from historians and anthropologists, leading to increased public attention to this group. Various anthropological studies have emerged in recent years arguing that circa 85% of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese are actually descendants of plains indigenous peoples through intermarriages with Han immigrants. This is still an ongoing debate and has been used as political leverage to promote Taiwan independence and ethnic consciousness. An increasing number of Hoklo and Hakka are beginning to search for plains indigenous bloodlines in their genealogy, and many are starting to claim themselves as plains indigenous peoples. These indigenous groups are currently continuing to fight for its identity, rights and recognition as Taiwanese indigenous peoples. In 2016, the Tsai Ing-wen administration promised to grant official recognition to the plains indigenous peoples, and draft bill is being reviewed by the Legislative Yuan as of June 2018.", "By the 18th century, the deerskin industry had largely diminished due to overhunting, and the inflow of Chinese immigrants began to take up much of the grazing land. Therefore, plains indigenous peoples increasingly relied on plow agriculture and land rent from indigenous land reclaimed by Han settlers. Han settlers initially implemented policies that favoured plains indigenous peoples. This was because Han officials feared a revolt against Chinese immigrants, and also because plains indigenous peoples were tax-paying citizens and could be used as military sources. Furthermore, the Chinese government initially viewed their expansion as a disruption to the indigenous people status quo, hence they introduced policies to favour plains indigenous peoples. However, plains indigenous peoples were increasingly not able to compete economically and ethnically with the growing Chinese population that flooded to Taiwan. Han policies in favour of plains indigenous peoples began to disappear. Han settlers started to disintegrate many of the plains indigenous peoples from their original villages. It is within these \u201cpolitical and economic frameworks\u201d that the plains indigenous peoples gradually became sinicized. Plains indigenous peoples began to adopt aspects of Chinese culture, values, and language. Most importantly, intermarriage between Chinese and plains indigenous peoples increased rapidly, leading to the acculturation of plains indigenous peoples with Chinese. Many of the early Chinese settlers in Taiwan were not permitted to bring women with them; hence they married plains indigenous women out of necessity. This is the origin of the common saying \u201cthere are mainland grandfathers, but no mainland grandmothers\u201d (). This extensive intermarriage is the reason that many Taiwanese people today are unaware that they could be descendants of plains indigenous peoples. Several theories have been proposed during the 2000s, to suggest that a large majority of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese could have plains indigenous lineage in their bloodline. An increasing number of Taiwanese are starting to search for their plains indigenous roots and claim their status as plains indigenous peoples.", "International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change The International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change (IIFPCC) is the representative body of indigenous peoples participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Indigenous peoples began engaging with the UNFCCC in 2000, during a Subsidiary Bodies meetings in Lyon, France on September 8, 2000. NGOs with UNFCCC observer status nominate participants for sessions of UNFCCC bodies. Capacity building for indigenous peoples to engage with United Nations processes and natural resource management, including promoting traditional knowledge, has supported increasing participation. Representatives said IIFPCC proposals were mostly ignored at the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference that resulted in the Canc\u00fan Agreement, in which the need for safeguards for local communities in REDD+ was documented in Annex 1. Indigenous representatives developed the \"Oaxaca Action Plan of Indigenous Peoples: From Canc\u00fan to Durban and Beyond\", a plan for indigenous peoples\u2019 advocacy and lobbying from COP17 through to the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples at UN Headquarters in 2014. The plan aimed to address the lack of implementation of elements of the Canc\u00fan Agreement about indigenous peoples\u2019 human rights and their participation in making climate change policies. The IIFPCC has asked the SBSTA for more effective participation of indigenous peoples and respect for indigenous traditional knowledge in REDD+ monitoring systems. It has articulated links between climate change mitigation and adaptation projects and human rights. It has called for the Green Climate Fund to be more transparent and for greater financial support of indigenous peoples' natural resource management, monitoring and participation in governance. A new global UNFCC initiative is underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions released during deforestation, due to a concern that current regulations restrict the ability of native people to regulate the forests that are on their own land. The initiative is called Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries.", "After centuries of acculturation, plains indigenous peoples are almost completely sinicized. It was already noted in the early 20th century that careful observation was required to note their deeper eyes as compared to the Chinese; also, the women did not practice foot binding. It is now nearly impossible to distinguish plains indigenous peoples without careful inspection. Through the process of acculturation, much of the language, culture and identity of plains indigenous peoples have become non-existent in modern Taiwanese society. The Republic of China government currently only officially recognises one (Kavalan) of all the plains indigenous peoples. Even though there was a lack of attention and interest in the history of plains indigenous peoples until the mid-1980s, through the works of scholars, folklorists, anthropologists, historians and remaining descendants of plains indigenous peoples, there have been a gradual restoration of plains indigenous culture, history, identity and language. For example, a descendant of plains indigenous peoples in Hualien, Chieh Wan-lai, still insists on teaching the traditional language and culture of plains indigenous peoples. More educational pamphlets are emerging to educate Taiwanese about the existence of plains indigenous peoples. Furthermore, a campaign was started in Yilan for descendants of the Kavalan to find their roots. Many plains indigenous ceremonies have been revitalized around Taiwan, and these have been opened up to the public and to people who have recently discovered their status as plains indigenous peoples. Ethno-political activities and Nativist Cultural Movements flourished after the 1990s, and a \u201cPlains Aborigine Name Correction Movement\u201d (Plains Indigenous Peoples Recognition Movement) emerged. Several protests occurred in 2001 and 2010, and a formal complaint was sent to the United Nations in 2010, demanding the ROC government to formally recognise plains indigenous peoples. Descendants of plains indigenous peoples today continue to fight for the official recognition of their status as Taiwanese indigenous peoples.", "World Council of Indigenous Peoples The World Council of Indigenous Peoples (WCIP) was a formal international body dedicated to having concepts of aboriginal rights accepted on a worldwide scale. The WCIP had observer status in the United Nations, a secretariat based in Canada and represented over 60,000,000 Indigenous peoples worldwide. The council dealt with the economic, cultural, political, and social rights of indigenous peoples, along with the retention of their land and natural resources. Before dissolving in 1996 the WCIP was a powerful force for indigenous peoples, giving its members a concrete experience in international politics. The WCIP was built upon the shared history of Indigenous peoples around the world. The WCIP believes that indigenous peoples have experienced a shared history of intimidation, threat, deprivation, injustice, discrimination and genocide, and have felt themselves threatened by extinction. They seek rights to self-determination and self-government, as the WCIP believes that colonialism has rendered them vulnerable to domination and control by more powerful nations and peoples. The WCIP was the first global effort established by indigenous peoples to preserve and protect the group integrity of aboriginal and indigenous peoples worldwide. They regard the \"preservation and protection of Indigenous interests essential to the preservation of world peace and world development.\" George Manuel, President of the National Indian Brotherhood and member of the Shuswap Tribe of British Columbia, had travelled with Jean Chr\u00e9tien to New Zealand. Upon his return, Manuel said:  \"I hope that the common history and shared values that we discovered in each other are only the seeds from which some kind of lasting framework can grow for a common alliance of Native Peoples.\" In 1972 Manuel, along with the General Assembly of the National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) endorsed the idea of an international conference of indigenous peoples. It also authorized the NIB to apply for Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) status at the UN."], "answer": {"text": "Generally, indigenous Mexicans live more poorly than non-indigenous Mexicans", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d5845f39aa6d4012a9f5c8565b03cd03_0_q#1", "question": "What is a socio economic fact regarding their health?", "rewrite": "What is a socio economic fact regarding the health of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By the 18th century, the deerskin industry had largely diminished due to overhunting, and the inflow of Chinese immigrants began to take up much of the grazing land. Therefore, plains indigenous peoples increasingly relied on plow agriculture and land rent from indigenous land reclaimed by Han settlers. Han settlers initially implemented policies that favoured plains indigenous peoples. This was because Han officials feared a revolt against Chinese immigrants, and also because plains indigenous peoples were tax-paying citizens and could be used as military sources. Furthermore, the Chinese government initially viewed their expansion as a disruption to the indigenous people status quo, hence they introduced policies to favour plains indigenous peoples. However, plains indigenous peoples were increasingly not able to compete economically and ethnically with the growing Chinese population that flooded to Taiwan. Han policies in favour of plains indigenous peoples began to disappear. Han settlers started to disintegrate many of the plains indigenous peoples from their original villages. It is within these \u201cpolitical and economic frameworks\u201d that the plains indigenous peoples gradually became sinicized. Plains indigenous peoples began to adopt aspects of Chinese culture, values, and language. Most importantly, intermarriage between Chinese and plains indigenous peoples increased rapidly, leading to the acculturation of plains indigenous peoples with Chinese. Many of the early Chinese settlers in Taiwan were not permitted to bring women with them; hence they married plains indigenous women out of necessity. This is the origin of the common saying \u201cthere are mainland grandfathers, but no mainland grandmothers\u201d (). This extensive intermarriage is the reason that many Taiwanese people today are unaware that they could be descendants of plains indigenous peoples. Several theories have been proposed during the 2000s, to suggest that a large majority of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese could have plains indigenous lineage in their bloodline. An increasing number of Taiwanese are starting to search for their plains indigenous roots and claim their status as plains indigenous peoples.", "After centuries of acculturation, plains indigenous peoples are almost completely sinicized. It was already noted in the early 20th century that careful observation was required to note their deeper eyes as compared to the Chinese; also, the women did not practice foot binding. It is now nearly impossible to distinguish plains indigenous peoples without careful inspection. Through the process of acculturation, much of the language, culture and identity of plains indigenous peoples have become non-existent in modern Taiwanese society. The Republic of China government currently only officially recognises one (Kavalan) of all the plains indigenous peoples. Even though there was a lack of attention and interest in the history of plains indigenous peoples until the mid-1980s, through the works of scholars, folklorists, anthropologists, historians and remaining descendants of plains indigenous peoples, there have been a gradual restoration of plains indigenous culture, history, identity and language. For example, a descendant of plains indigenous peoples in Hualien, Chieh Wan-lai, still insists on teaching the traditional language and culture of plains indigenous peoples. More educational pamphlets are emerging to educate Taiwanese about the existence of plains indigenous peoples. Furthermore, a campaign was started in Yilan for descendants of the Kavalan to find their roots. Many plains indigenous ceremonies have been revitalized around Taiwan, and these have been opened up to the public and to people who have recently discovered their status as plains indigenous peoples. Ethno-political activities and Nativist Cultural Movements flourished after the 1990s, and a \u201cPlains Aborigine Name Correction Movement\u201d (Plains Indigenous Peoples Recognition Movement) emerged. Several protests occurred in 2001 and 2010, and a formal complaint was sent to the United Nations in 2010, demanding the ROC government to formally recognise plains indigenous peoples. Descendants of plains indigenous peoples today continue to fight for the official recognition of their status as Taiwanese indigenous peoples.", "Through the efforts of the indigenous people, Tainan County became the first local government to recognize Siraya people as county-level indigenous people in 2005, followed by the recognition of local Taivoan, Makatao, and Siraya people by Fuli Township Government in 2013. In 2016, Pingtung County Government announced the recognition of local Makatao. The Plain indigenous peoples have been allowed to registered in Kaohsiung City since 2013 but not yet been recognized as city-level indigenous peoples. The numbers of people who have successfully registered, including Kaohsiung City Government that has opened to register but not yet recognized, as of 2017 are:  Plains indigenous peoples have been classified under different systems throughout history. The Dutch separated plains indigenous peoples by regions and differentiated them by communities (\u793e\u540d). Huang Shujing, during Qing rule, categorised all Taiwanese indigenous peoples into thirteen peoples, based on geographic location. It was not until the Japanese rule that proper anthropological and ethnographic classification systems of plains indigenous peoples were formed. The Japanese studies revealed that plains indigenous peoples were not one culture, but in fact consisted of various peoples, languages and cultures. The Japanese extensively studied Taiwanese indigenous peoples in order to classify, locate and \"civilise\" them. Ethnographer Ino Kanori first to create the modern ethnological classification of plains indigenous peoples, consisting of the following peoples: Makattao, Siraya, Loa, Poavasa, Arikun, Vupuran, Pazehhe, and Kuvarawan. Since then, other scholars such as Shigeru Tsuchida, Utsurikawa Nenozo, Mabuchi Toichi and Ogawa Naoyoshi have presented various classification systems for plains indigenous peoples. There is still no full consensus over whether there are eight, nine, ten or twelves peoples of plains indigenous peoples.", "Gray and Beresford argue that the historical policies of segregation and assimilation have been key factors in the sufficient lack of education for generations of Indigenous people, and has continued to impact the success of Indigenous students through intergenerational disadvantage today [Brown 3]. Despite efforts made by the Australian Government through projects such as the \"Closing the Gap\" policy which outlines the targets of higher success rates, attendance and pathway programs for Indigenous students, Indigenous educational disadvantage still remains as only about 47% of Indigenous high school students will pass year 12 or an equivalent [Australian Bureau of Statistics]. Through policies such as Closing the Gap, inequality has become a normalised representation of Indigenous students throughout the Australian Curriculum and positions \"disadvantage as an inherent part of Aboriginality\" [Brown 3]. Thus, the sustained oppressive structures that have institutionally disadvantaged Indigenous peoples is disregarded to favour the colonial take on Indigenous peoples having a biological lack of intellectual properties and basic human decency [Justice 3]. This can be exemplified through the \"higher rates of attendance \" target from the Closing the Gap policy as poor attendance is generally blamed on the students parents and community to divert attention away from the socio economic barriers that Indigenous students and their families face [Thompson et al 333]. The curriculum as a whole has been employed as a form of colonisation over Indigenous peoples as settlers have \"destroyed to replace\" the systems of knowledge passed down over generations of pre-colonial culture [Justice 10]. By making the settler sovereign as the determiner of truth and knowing, colonisers have been able to embed a process of elimination throughout every colonial structure and disregard any forms of knowledge that go against their Truth [Tuck and Gaztambide-Fernandez 76].", "Plains indigenous peoples Plains indigenous peoples (), previously called plain aborigines, are Taiwanese indigenous peoples originally residing in low land regions, as opposed to Highland indigenous peoples. Plains indigenous peoples consist of anywhere from eight to twelve individual peoples, rather than being a single ethnic group. They are part of the Austronesian family. Plains indigenous peoples have been labelled by Japanese and Han Chinese as \"plains savages\" or the term Pepohoan () from Hokkien and \"cooked savages\" (). Beginning from the 17th century, plains indigenous peoples have been heavily influenced by external forces from Dutch, Spanish and Han Chinese immigration to Taiwan. This ethnic group has since been extensively assimilated with Han Chinese language and culture; they have lost their cultural identity and it is almost impossible without careful inspection to distinguish plains indigenous peoples from Taiwanese Han people. Plains indigenous peoples have not been officially recognised by the Taiwan government, apart from the Kavalan. It was not until the mid-1980s that plains indigenous peoples started gaining interest from historians and anthropologists, leading to increased public attention to this group. Various anthropological studies have emerged in recent years arguing that circa 85% of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese are actually descendants of plains indigenous peoples through intermarriages with Han immigrants. This is still an ongoing debate and has been used as political leverage to promote Taiwan independence and ethnic consciousness. An increasing number of Hoklo and Hakka are beginning to search for plains indigenous bloodlines in their genealogy, and many are starting to claim themselves as plains indigenous peoples. These indigenous groups are currently continuing to fight for its identity, rights and recognition as Taiwanese indigenous peoples. In 2016, the Tsai Ing-wen administration promised to grant official recognition to the plains indigenous peoples, and draft bill is being reviewed by the Legislative Yuan as of June 2018."], "answer": {"text": "Indigenous people also have less access to health care.", "answer_start": 1766}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Indigenous peoples of Mexico's current socio - ecomic status?", "answer": {"text": "Generally, indigenous Mexicans live more poorly than non-indigenous Mexicans", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5845f39aa6d4012a9f5c8565b03cd03_0_q#2", "question": "What is their level of development?", "rewrite": "What is the Indigenous peoples of Mexico's level of development?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After centuries of acculturation, plains indigenous peoples are almost completely sinicized. It was already noted in the early 20th century that careful observation was required to note their deeper eyes as compared to the Chinese; also, the women did not practice foot binding. It is now nearly impossible to distinguish plains indigenous peoples without careful inspection. Through the process of acculturation, much of the language, culture and identity of plains indigenous peoples have become non-existent in modern Taiwanese society. The Republic of China government currently only officially recognises one (Kavalan) of all the plains indigenous peoples. Even though there was a lack of attention and interest in the history of plains indigenous peoples until the mid-1980s, through the works of scholars, folklorists, anthropologists, historians and remaining descendants of plains indigenous peoples, there have been a gradual restoration of plains indigenous culture, history, identity and language. For example, a descendant of plains indigenous peoples in Hualien, Chieh Wan-lai, still insists on teaching the traditional language and culture of plains indigenous peoples. More educational pamphlets are emerging to educate Taiwanese about the existence of plains indigenous peoples. Furthermore, a campaign was started in Yilan for descendants of the Kavalan to find their roots. Many plains indigenous ceremonies have been revitalized around Taiwan, and these have been opened up to the public and to people who have recently discovered their status as plains indigenous peoples. Ethno-political activities and Nativist Cultural Movements flourished after the 1990s, and a \u201cPlains Aborigine Name Correction Movement\u201d (Plains Indigenous Peoples Recognition Movement) emerged. Several protests occurred in 2001 and 2010, and a formal complaint was sent to the United Nations in 2010, demanding the ROC government to formally recognise plains indigenous peoples. Descendants of plains indigenous peoples today continue to fight for the official recognition of their status as Taiwanese indigenous peoples.", "Through the efforts of the indigenous people, Tainan County became the first local government to recognize Siraya people as county-level indigenous people in 2005, followed by the recognition of local Taivoan, Makatao, and Siraya people by Fuli Township Government in 2013. In 2016, Pingtung County Government announced the recognition of local Makatao. The Plain indigenous peoples have been allowed to registered in Kaohsiung City since 2013 but not yet been recognized as city-level indigenous peoples. The numbers of people who have successfully registered, including Kaohsiung City Government that has opened to register but not yet recognized, as of 2017 are:  Plains indigenous peoples have been classified under different systems throughout history. The Dutch separated plains indigenous peoples by regions and differentiated them by communities (\u793e\u540d). Huang Shujing, during Qing rule, categorised all Taiwanese indigenous peoples into thirteen peoples, based on geographic location. It was not until the Japanese rule that proper anthropological and ethnographic classification systems of plains indigenous peoples were formed. The Japanese studies revealed that plains indigenous peoples were not one culture, but in fact consisted of various peoples, languages and cultures. The Japanese extensively studied Taiwanese indigenous peoples in order to classify, locate and \"civilise\" them. Ethnographer Ino Kanori first to create the modern ethnological classification of plains indigenous peoples, consisting of the following peoples: Makattao, Siraya, Loa, Poavasa, Arikun, Vupuran, Pazehhe, and Kuvarawan. Since then, other scholars such as Shigeru Tsuchida, Utsurikawa Nenozo, Mabuchi Toichi and Ogawa Naoyoshi have presented various classification systems for plains indigenous peoples. There is still no full consensus over whether there are eight, nine, ten or twelves peoples of plains indigenous peoples.", "Plains indigenous peoples Plains indigenous peoples (), previously called plain aborigines, are Taiwanese indigenous peoples originally residing in low land regions, as opposed to Highland indigenous peoples. Plains indigenous peoples consist of anywhere from eight to twelve individual peoples, rather than being a single ethnic group. They are part of the Austronesian family. Plains indigenous peoples have been labelled by Japanese and Han Chinese as \"plains savages\" or the term Pepohoan () from Hokkien and \"cooked savages\" (). Beginning from the 17th century, plains indigenous peoples have been heavily influenced by external forces from Dutch, Spanish and Han Chinese immigration to Taiwan. This ethnic group has since been extensively assimilated with Han Chinese language and culture; they have lost their cultural identity and it is almost impossible without careful inspection to distinguish plains indigenous peoples from Taiwanese Han people. Plains indigenous peoples have not been officially recognised by the Taiwan government, apart from the Kavalan. It was not until the mid-1980s that plains indigenous peoples started gaining interest from historians and anthropologists, leading to increased public attention to this group. Various anthropological studies have emerged in recent years arguing that circa 85% of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese are actually descendants of plains indigenous peoples through intermarriages with Han immigrants. This is still an ongoing debate and has been used as political leverage to promote Taiwan independence and ethnic consciousness. An increasing number of Hoklo and Hakka are beginning to search for plains indigenous bloodlines in their genealogy, and many are starting to claim themselves as plains indigenous peoples. These indigenous groups are currently continuing to fight for its identity, rights and recognition as Taiwanese indigenous peoples. In 2016, the Tsai Ing-wen administration promised to grant official recognition to the plains indigenous peoples, and draft bill is being reviewed by the Legislative Yuan as of June 2018.", "By the 18th century, the deerskin industry had largely diminished due to overhunting, and the inflow of Chinese immigrants began to take up much of the grazing land. Therefore, plains indigenous peoples increasingly relied on plow agriculture and land rent from indigenous land reclaimed by Han settlers. Han settlers initially implemented policies that favoured plains indigenous peoples. This was because Han officials feared a revolt against Chinese immigrants, and also because plains indigenous peoples were tax-paying citizens and could be used as military sources. Furthermore, the Chinese government initially viewed their expansion as a disruption to the indigenous people status quo, hence they introduced policies to favour plains indigenous peoples. However, plains indigenous peoples were increasingly not able to compete economically and ethnically with the growing Chinese population that flooded to Taiwan. Han policies in favour of plains indigenous peoples began to disappear. Han settlers started to disintegrate many of the plains indigenous peoples from their original villages. It is within these \u201cpolitical and economic frameworks\u201d that the plains indigenous peoples gradually became sinicized. Plains indigenous peoples began to adopt aspects of Chinese culture, values, and language. Most importantly, intermarriage between Chinese and plains indigenous peoples increased rapidly, leading to the acculturation of plains indigenous peoples with Chinese. Many of the early Chinese settlers in Taiwan were not permitted to bring women with them; hence they married plains indigenous women out of necessity. This is the origin of the common saying \u201cthere are mainland grandfathers, but no mainland grandmothers\u201d (). This extensive intermarriage is the reason that many Taiwanese people today are unaware that they could be descendants of plains indigenous peoples. Several theories have been proposed during the 2000s, to suggest that a large majority of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese could have plains indigenous lineage in their bloodline. An increasing number of Taiwanese are starting to search for their plains indigenous roots and claim their status as plains indigenous peoples.", "Indigenous Peoples in International Law Indigenous Peoples in International Law () is a book written by James Anaya. According to the author, \"the central contention of this book is that international law, although once an instrument of colonialism, has developed and continues to develop, however grudgingly or imperfectly, to support indigenous peoples\u2019 demands\". James Anaya's book is noted as a systematic overview of the status of indigenous peoples in international law. The books explores the relations and differences between the indigenous peoples and other peoples or nations. The book constitutes one of the most sustained accounts of the development of the international law in recognizing the indigenous peoples as a distinct category. Throughout the book, Anaya discusses not only the official legal texts that relate to indigenous peoples but also the preparatory documents and background debates. Canadian philosopher Will Kymlicka, considers the book to \"undoubtedly serve as the standard reference\" for the development of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. However, Anaya is not only interested in cataloguing the developments of international law in the matters concerning indigenous peoples. He wishes to provide a theory of indigenous rights. He wants to show that the new international norms providing indigenous rights are a coherent and defensible set of moral principles, and not just an ad hoc compromise between contending groups. James Anaya shows that international law includes norms and procedures that benefit indigenous peoples, and that this challenges the legacy of dispossession and the forces that would see it continue. Some of the reviews on this book include:  \"No human rights collection would be complete without this well-documented survey of an often-neglected area of international law. \"--American Society of International Law  \"Anaya's distillation of the complex debate surrounding the content of the right to self-determination has a clarity that is often missing in discussions of the term..."], "answer": {"text": "social development varies between states, different indigenous ethnicities and between rural and urban areas.", "answer_start": 86}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Indigenous peoples of Mexico's current socio - ecomic status?", "answer": {"text": "Generally, indigenous Mexicans live more poorly than non-indigenous Mexicans", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a socio economic fact regarding their health?", "answer": {"text": "Indigenous people also have less access to health care.", "answer_start": 1766, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5845f39aa6d4012a9f5c8565b03cd03_0_q#3", "question": "Which states?", "rewrite": "Which states do the Indigenous peoples of Mexico live in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Plains indigenous peoples Plains indigenous peoples (), previously called plain aborigines, are Taiwanese indigenous peoples originally residing in low land regions, as opposed to Highland indigenous peoples. Plains indigenous peoples consist of anywhere from eight to twelve individual peoples, rather than being a single ethnic group. They are part of the Austronesian family. Plains indigenous peoples have been labelled by Japanese and Han Chinese as \"plains savages\" or the term Pepohoan () from Hokkien and \"cooked savages\" (). Beginning from the 17th century, plains indigenous peoples have been heavily influenced by external forces from Dutch, Spanish and Han Chinese immigration to Taiwan. This ethnic group has since been extensively assimilated with Han Chinese language and culture; they have lost their cultural identity and it is almost impossible without careful inspection to distinguish plains indigenous peoples from Taiwanese Han people. Plains indigenous peoples have not been officially recognised by the Taiwan government, apart from the Kavalan. It was not until the mid-1980s that plains indigenous peoples started gaining interest from historians and anthropologists, leading to increased public attention to this group. Various anthropological studies have emerged in recent years arguing that circa 85% of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese are actually descendants of plains indigenous peoples through intermarriages with Han immigrants. This is still an ongoing debate and has been used as political leverage to promote Taiwan independence and ethnic consciousness. An increasing number of Hoklo and Hakka are beginning to search for plains indigenous bloodlines in their genealogy, and many are starting to claim themselves as plains indigenous peoples. These indigenous groups are currently continuing to fight for its identity, rights and recognition as Taiwanese indigenous peoples. In 2016, the Tsai Ing-wen administration promised to grant official recognition to the plains indigenous peoples, and draft bill is being reviewed by the Legislative Yuan as of June 2018.", "International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change The International Indigenous Peoples Forum on Climate Change (IIFPCC) is the representative body of indigenous peoples participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Indigenous peoples began engaging with the UNFCCC in 2000, during a Subsidiary Bodies meetings in Lyon, France on September 8, 2000. NGOs with UNFCCC observer status nominate participants for sessions of UNFCCC bodies. Capacity building for indigenous peoples to engage with United Nations processes and natural resource management, including promoting traditional knowledge, has supported increasing participation. Representatives said IIFPCC proposals were mostly ignored at the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference that resulted in the Canc\u00fan Agreement, in which the need for safeguards for local communities in REDD+ was documented in Annex 1. Indigenous representatives developed the \"Oaxaca Action Plan of Indigenous Peoples: From Canc\u00fan to Durban and Beyond\", a plan for indigenous peoples\u2019 advocacy and lobbying from COP17 through to the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples at UN Headquarters in 2014. The plan aimed to address the lack of implementation of elements of the Canc\u00fan Agreement about indigenous peoples\u2019 human rights and their participation in making climate change policies. The IIFPCC has asked the SBSTA for more effective participation of indigenous peoples and respect for indigenous traditional knowledge in REDD+ monitoring systems. It has articulated links between climate change mitigation and adaptation projects and human rights. It has called for the Green Climate Fund to be more transparent and for greater financial support of indigenous peoples' natural resource management, monitoring and participation in governance. A new global UNFCC initiative is underway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions released during deforestation, due to a concern that current regulations restrict the ability of native people to regulate the forests that are on their own land. The initiative is called Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in Developing Countries.", "After centuries of acculturation, plains indigenous peoples are almost completely sinicized. It was already noted in the early 20th century that careful observation was required to note their deeper eyes as compared to the Chinese; also, the women did not practice foot binding. It is now nearly impossible to distinguish plains indigenous peoples without careful inspection. Through the process of acculturation, much of the language, culture and identity of plains indigenous peoples have become non-existent in modern Taiwanese society. The Republic of China government currently only officially recognises one (Kavalan) of all the plains indigenous peoples. Even though there was a lack of attention and interest in the history of plains indigenous peoples until the mid-1980s, through the works of scholars, folklorists, anthropologists, historians and remaining descendants of plains indigenous peoples, there have been a gradual restoration of plains indigenous culture, history, identity and language. For example, a descendant of plains indigenous peoples in Hualien, Chieh Wan-lai, still insists on teaching the traditional language and culture of plains indigenous peoples. More educational pamphlets are emerging to educate Taiwanese about the existence of plains indigenous peoples. Furthermore, a campaign was started in Yilan for descendants of the Kavalan to find their roots. Many plains indigenous ceremonies have been revitalized around Taiwan, and these have been opened up to the public and to people who have recently discovered their status as plains indigenous peoples. Ethno-political activities and Nativist Cultural Movements flourished after the 1990s, and a \u201cPlains Aborigine Name Correction Movement\u201d (Plains Indigenous Peoples Recognition Movement) emerged. Several protests occurred in 2001 and 2010, and a formal complaint was sent to the United Nations in 2010, demanding the ROC government to formally recognise plains indigenous peoples. Descendants of plains indigenous peoples today continue to fight for the official recognition of their status as Taiwanese indigenous peoples.", "Through the efforts of the indigenous people, Tainan County became the first local government to recognize Siraya people as county-level indigenous people in 2005, followed by the recognition of local Taivoan, Makatao, and Siraya people by Fuli Township Government in 2013. In 2016, Pingtung County Government announced the recognition of local Makatao. The Plain indigenous peoples have been allowed to registered in Kaohsiung City since 2013 but not yet been recognized as city-level indigenous peoples. The numbers of people who have successfully registered, including Kaohsiung City Government that has opened to register but not yet recognized, as of 2017 are:  Plains indigenous peoples have been classified under different systems throughout history. The Dutch separated plains indigenous peoples by regions and differentiated them by communities (\u793e\u540d). Huang Shujing, during Qing rule, categorised all Taiwanese indigenous peoples into thirteen peoples, based on geographic location. It was not until the Japanese rule that proper anthropological and ethnographic classification systems of plains indigenous peoples were formed. The Japanese studies revealed that plains indigenous peoples were not one culture, but in fact consisted of various peoples, languages and cultures. The Japanese extensively studied Taiwanese indigenous peoples in order to classify, locate and \"civilise\" them. Ethnographer Ino Kanori first to create the modern ethnological classification of plains indigenous peoples, consisting of the following peoples: Makattao, Siraya, Loa, Poavasa, Arikun, Vupuran, Pazehhe, and Kuvarawan. Since then, other scholars such as Shigeru Tsuchida, Utsurikawa Nenozo, Mabuchi Toichi and Ogawa Naoyoshi have presented various classification systems for plains indigenous peoples. There is still no full consensus over whether there are eight, nine, ten or twelves peoples of plains indigenous peoples.", "By the 18th century, the deerskin industry had largely diminished due to overhunting, and the inflow of Chinese immigrants began to take up much of the grazing land. Therefore, plains indigenous peoples increasingly relied on plow agriculture and land rent from indigenous land reclaimed by Han settlers. Han settlers initially implemented policies that favoured plains indigenous peoples. This was because Han officials feared a revolt against Chinese immigrants, and also because plains indigenous peoples were tax-paying citizens and could be used as military sources. Furthermore, the Chinese government initially viewed their expansion as a disruption to the indigenous people status quo, hence they introduced policies to favour plains indigenous peoples. However, plains indigenous peoples were increasingly not able to compete economically and ethnically with the growing Chinese population that flooded to Taiwan. Han policies in favour of plains indigenous peoples began to disappear. Han settlers started to disintegrate many of the plains indigenous peoples from their original villages. It is within these \u201cpolitical and economic frameworks\u201d that the plains indigenous peoples gradually became sinicized. Plains indigenous peoples began to adopt aspects of Chinese culture, values, and language. Most importantly, intermarriage between Chinese and plains indigenous peoples increased rapidly, leading to the acculturation of plains indigenous peoples with Chinese. Many of the early Chinese settlers in Taiwan were not permitted to bring women with them; hence they married plains indigenous women out of necessity. This is the origin of the common saying \u201cthere are mainland grandfathers, but no mainland grandmothers\u201d (). This extensive intermarriage is the reason that many Taiwanese people today are unaware that they could be descendants of plains indigenous peoples. Several theories have been proposed during the 2000s, to suggest that a large majority of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese could have plains indigenous lineage in their bloodline. An increasing number of Taiwanese are starting to search for their plains indigenous roots and claim their status as plains indigenous peoples."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Indigenous peoples of Mexico's current socio - ecomic status?", "answer": {"text": "Generally, indigenous Mexicans live more poorly than non-indigenous Mexicans", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a socio economic fact regarding their health?", "answer": {"text": "Indigenous people also have less access to health care.", "answer_start": 1766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is their level of development?", "answer": {"text": "social development varies between states, different indigenous ethnicities and between rural and urban areas.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d5845f39aa6d4012a9f5c8565b03cd03_0_q#4", "question": "Do any groups rate higher in development?", "rewrite": "Do any of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico groups rate higher in development?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of indigenous peoples of Taiwan Traditionally, the Taiwanese indigenous peoples are usually classified into two groups by their places of residence. Languages and cultures of aboriginal tribes were recorded by the government of Dutch Formosa, Spanish Formosa and the Qing Empire. Researches on ethnic groups of Taiwanese indigenous peoples started in late 19th century, when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. The conducted large amount of researches and further distinguished the ethnic groups of Taiwanese indigenous peoples by linguistics (see Formosan languages). After the research, the household registration records remarks of \"mountains/plains indigenous peoples\". The governmental statistics also listed 9 recognized subgroups under mountains indigenous peoples. However, after World War II, the government refused to recognize the plains indigenous peoples. The following is a list of classifications through Japanese and post World War II. Note that the Japanese names in parentheses does not exist in pre-World War II Japanese demographic researches. The Taiwanese government officially recognises 16 ethnic groups of mountains indigenous peoples. Kavalan and Thao are disputed to be part of mountains or plains indigenous peoples. Cultures of the plains indigenous peoples have undergone heavy Sinicization. This increases the difficulty in identifying ethnic groups.", "Plains indigenous peoples Plains indigenous peoples (), previously called plain aborigines, are Taiwanese indigenous peoples originally residing in low land regions, as opposed to Highland indigenous peoples. Plains indigenous peoples consist of anywhere from eight to twelve individual peoples, rather than being a single ethnic group. They are part of the Austronesian family. Plains indigenous peoples have been labelled by Japanese and Han Chinese as \"plains savages\" or the term Pepohoan () from Hokkien and \"cooked savages\" (). Beginning from the 17th century, plains indigenous peoples have been heavily influenced by external forces from Dutch, Spanish and Han Chinese immigration to Taiwan. This ethnic group has since been extensively assimilated with Han Chinese language and culture; they have lost their cultural identity and it is almost impossible without careful inspection to distinguish plains indigenous peoples from Taiwanese Han people. Plains indigenous peoples have not been officially recognised by the Taiwan government, apart from the Kavalan. It was not until the mid-1980s that plains indigenous peoples started gaining interest from historians and anthropologists, leading to increased public attention to this group. Various anthropological studies have emerged in recent years arguing that circa 85% of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese are actually descendants of plains indigenous peoples through intermarriages with Han immigrants. This is still an ongoing debate and has been used as political leverage to promote Taiwan independence and ethnic consciousness. An increasing number of Hoklo and Hakka are beginning to search for plains indigenous bloodlines in their genealogy, and many are starting to claim themselves as plains indigenous peoples. These indigenous groups are currently continuing to fight for its identity, rights and recognition as Taiwanese indigenous peoples. In 2016, the Tsai Ing-wen administration promised to grant official recognition to the plains indigenous peoples, and draft bill is being reviewed by the Legislative Yuan as of June 2018.", "By the 18th century, the deerskin industry had largely diminished due to overhunting, and the inflow of Chinese immigrants began to take up much of the grazing land. Therefore, plains indigenous peoples increasingly relied on plow agriculture and land rent from indigenous land reclaimed by Han settlers. Han settlers initially implemented policies that favoured plains indigenous peoples. This was because Han officials feared a revolt against Chinese immigrants, and also because plains indigenous peoples were tax-paying citizens and could be used as military sources. Furthermore, the Chinese government initially viewed their expansion as a disruption to the indigenous people status quo, hence they introduced policies to favour plains indigenous peoples. However, plains indigenous peoples were increasingly not able to compete economically and ethnically with the growing Chinese population that flooded to Taiwan. Han policies in favour of plains indigenous peoples began to disappear. Han settlers started to disintegrate many of the plains indigenous peoples from their original villages. It is within these \u201cpolitical and economic frameworks\u201d that the plains indigenous peoples gradually became sinicized. Plains indigenous peoples began to adopt aspects of Chinese culture, values, and language. Most importantly, intermarriage between Chinese and plains indigenous peoples increased rapidly, leading to the acculturation of plains indigenous peoples with Chinese. Many of the early Chinese settlers in Taiwan were not permitted to bring women with them; hence they married plains indigenous women out of necessity. This is the origin of the common saying \u201cthere are mainland grandfathers, but no mainland grandmothers\u201d (). This extensive intermarriage is the reason that many Taiwanese people today are unaware that they could be descendants of plains indigenous peoples. Several theories have been proposed during the 2000s, to suggest that a large majority of Hoklo and Hakka Taiwanese could have plains indigenous lineage in their bloodline. An increasing number of Taiwanese are starting to search for their plains indigenous roots and claim their status as plains indigenous peoples.", "Indigenous Peoples in International Law Indigenous Peoples in International Law () is a book written by James Anaya. According to the author, \"the central contention of this book is that international law, although once an instrument of colonialism, has developed and continues to develop, however grudgingly or imperfectly, to support indigenous peoples\u2019 demands\". James Anaya's book is noted as a systematic overview of the status of indigenous peoples in international law. The books explores the relations and differences between the indigenous peoples and other peoples or nations. The book constitutes one of the most sustained accounts of the development of the international law in recognizing the indigenous peoples as a distinct category. Throughout the book, Anaya discusses not only the official legal texts that relate to indigenous peoples but also the preparatory documents and background debates. Canadian philosopher Will Kymlicka, considers the book to \"undoubtedly serve as the standard reference\" for the development of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. However, Anaya is not only interested in cataloguing the developments of international law in the matters concerning indigenous peoples. He wishes to provide a theory of indigenous rights. He wants to show that the new international norms providing indigenous rights are a coherent and defensible set of moral principles, and not just an ad hoc compromise between contending groups. James Anaya shows that international law includes norms and procedures that benefit indigenous peoples, and that this challenges the legacy of dispossession and the forces that would see it continue. Some of the reviews on this book include:  \"No human rights collection would be complete without this well-documented survey of an often-neglected area of international law. \"--American Society of International Law  \"Anaya's distillation of the complex debate surrounding the content of the right to self-determination has a clarity that is often missing in discussions of the term...", "After centuries of acculturation, plains indigenous peoples are almost completely sinicized. It was already noted in the early 20th century that careful observation was required to note their deeper eyes as compared to the Chinese; also, the women did not practice foot binding. It is now nearly impossible to distinguish plains indigenous peoples without careful inspection. Through the process of acculturation, much of the language, culture and identity of plains indigenous peoples have become non-existent in modern Taiwanese society. The Republic of China government currently only officially recognises one (Kavalan) of all the plains indigenous peoples. Even though there was a lack of attention and interest in the history of plains indigenous peoples until the mid-1980s, through the works of scholars, folklorists, anthropologists, historians and remaining descendants of plains indigenous peoples, there have been a gradual restoration of plains indigenous culture, history, identity and language. For example, a descendant of plains indigenous peoples in Hualien, Chieh Wan-lai, still insists on teaching the traditional language and culture of plains indigenous peoples. More educational pamphlets are emerging to educate Taiwanese about the existence of plains indigenous peoples. Furthermore, a campaign was started in Yilan for descendants of the Kavalan to find their roots. Many plains indigenous ceremonies have been revitalized around Taiwan, and these have been opened up to the public and to people who have recently discovered their status as plains indigenous peoples. Ethno-political activities and Nativist Cultural Movements flourished after the 1990s, and a \u201cPlains Aborigine Name Correction Movement\u201d (Plains Indigenous Peoples Recognition Movement) emerged. Several protests occurred in 2001 and 2010, and a formal complaint was sent to the United Nations in 2010, demanding the ROC government to formally recognise plains indigenous peoples. Descendants of plains indigenous peoples today continue to fight for the official recognition of their status as Taiwanese indigenous peoples."], "answer": {"text": "Some indigenous groups, particularly the Yucatec Maya in the Yucatan peninsula and some of the Nahua and Otomi peoples in central states have maintained higher levels of development", "answer_start": 322}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Indigenous peoples of Mexico's current socio - ecomic status?", "answer": {"text": "Generally, indigenous Mexicans live more poorly than non-indigenous Mexicans", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a socio economic fact regarding their health?", "answer": {"text": "Indigenous people also have less access to health care.", "answer_start": 1766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is their level of development?", "answer": {"text": "social development varies between states, different indigenous ethnicities and between rural and urban areas.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which states?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be9cafd4da345878598a79c868e3007_0_q#0", "question": "What was The Kinks' legacy?", "rewrite": "What was The Kinks' legacy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Americana (Ray Davies album) Americana is an album by English rock musician Ray Davies, released by Legacy Recordings in April 2017. Like Davies' 2013 book of the same name, it explores his lifelong fascination with the music and culture of the United States, and his experiences of touring and living there. The album features contributions from members of American country rock band the Jayhawks. Although thought of as a quintessentially British songwriter, Ray Davies grew up fascinated by American music and cinema. The Kinks, the band he formed with his brother Dave, were initially heavily influenced by American musical styles, particularly rhythm and blues. When a permit refusal imposed by the American Federation of Musicians effectively banned the Kinks from touring the United States between 1965 and 1969, Davies began to focus his songwriting on more British themes, resulting in albums such as \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\" (1968) and \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\" (1969). Following the lifting of the ban and their return to the US, the Kinks released the country rock-tinged \"Muswell Hillbillies\" (1971), with Davies' writing exploring the influences of American culture on his North London upbringing. Davies' US connections were strengthened when the Kinks successfully reinvented themselves as an arena rock act, extensively touring North America in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He also briefly lived in New York City during that era. Following the Kinks' break-up in the 1990s, Davies settled in New Orleans, where in 2004 he was shot in the leg following an altercation with a mugger. In 2013, he published his memoir \"Americana: The Kinks, the Road and the Perfect Riff\", looking back on these experiences and his complex relationship with America.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\".", "Kink (materials science) Kinks are deviations of a dislocation defect along its glide plane. In edge dislocations, the constant glide plane allows short regions of the dislocation to turn, converting into screw dislocations and producing kinks. Screw dislocations have rotatable glide planes, thus kinks that are generated along screw dislocations act as an anchor for the glide plane. Kinks differ from jogs in that kinks are strictly parallel to the glide plane, while jogs shift away from the glide plane. Pure-edge and screw dislocations are conceptually straight in order to minimize its length, and through it, the strain energy of the system. Low-angle mixed dislocations, on the other hand, can be thought of as primarily edge dislocation with screw kinks in a stair-case structure (or vice versa), switching between straight pure-edge and pure-screw dislocation segments. In reality, kinks are not sharp transitions. Both the total length of the dislocation and the kink angle are dependent on the free energy of the system. The primary dislocation regions lie in Peierls-Nabarro potential minima, while the kink requires addition energy in the form of an energy peak. To minimize free energy, the kink equilibrates at a certain length and angle. Large energy peaks create short but sharp kinks in order to minimize dislocation length within the high energy region, while small energy peaks create long and drawn-out kinks in order to minimize total dislocation length. Kinks facilitate the movement of dislocations along its glide plane under shear stress, and is directly responsible for plastic deformation of crystals.", "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s. Stephen Thomas Erlewine called The Kinks \"one of the most influential bands of the British Invasion\". They were ranked 65th on Rolling Stone Magazine's \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list. Artists influenced by The Kinks include punk rock groups such as the Ramones, The Clash, and The Jam, heavy metal acts including Van Halen and Britpop groups such as Oasis, Blur and Pulp. Craig Nicholls, singer and guitarist of The Vines, described the Kinks as \"great songwriters, so underrated\". Pete Townshend, guitarist with the Kinks' contemporaries the Who, credited Ray Davies with inventing \"a new kind of poetry and a new kind of language for pop writing that influenced me from the very, very, very beginning.\" Jon Savage wrote that The Kinks were an influence on late 1960s American psychedelic rock groups \"like The Doors, Love and Jefferson Airplane\". Music writers and other musicians have acknowledged the influence of the Kinks on the development of hard rock and heavy metal. Musicologist Joe Harrington stated: \"'You Really Got Me', 'All Day and All of the Night' and 'I Need You' were predecessors of the whole three-chord genre... [T]he Kinks did a lot to help turn rock 'n' roll (Jerry Lee Lewis) into rock (Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, The Stooges).\" Queen guitarist Brian May credited the band with planting \"the seed which grew into riff-based music.\" A musical, Sunny Afternoon, based on the early life of Ray Davies and the formation of the Kinks, opened at the Hampstead Theatre in April 2014.", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht."], "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7be9cafd4da345878598a79c868e3007_0_q#1", "question": "Did they have any albums?", "rewrite": "Did The Kinks have any albums?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "Kinks-Size Kinks-Size is the second US-only album by the English band The Kinks, released in 1965. Differences in record company practice between the UK and US in the early 1960s, such as the US tending to issue shorter LPs, featuring less original material and the comparative unpopularity of EPs in the US all left US record companies with extra LPs worth of material (see also The Beatles and The Rolling Stones). In 1965, this meant, as well as versions of the two UK Kinks albums from that year, Reprise issued another two complete LPs - \"Kinks-Size\" and \"Kinkdom\". This was the Kinks' most successful album of the 1960s in the US (discounting \"Greatest Hits!\"), reaching #13. The album takes its name and all four tracks from the UK \"Kinksize Session\" EP, adding two tracks left off the US version of their debut LP (\"I'm a Lover Not a Fighter\" and the instrumental \"Revenge\") and their two recent hit singles (\"All Day and All of the Night\" and \"Tired of Waiting for You\") and respective B-sides (\"I Gotta Move\" and \"Come On Now\"). The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks (album)\" and \"Kinda Kinks\".", "Hold My Hand (Dave Davies song) \"Hold My Hand\" is a song and single recorded and written by Dave Davies, who is best known as the guitarist for the British rock group The Kinks. The song is Davies' fourth single. Like the previous three Dave Davies singles, \"Hold My Hand\" featured Dave Davies' band members from The Kinks providing the backing. It was recorded in 1968 (in and around The Kinks' critically acclaimed LP, \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\".) It was also one of the last tracks that featured The Kinks' longtime bassist, Pete Quaife. Dave Davies said in an interview prior to the song's release, \"[I]f 'Hold My Hand' does click, I'll be free to do my own cabaret act if I want. I would use all new material, except maybe, a couple of the Kinks' hit records, but given a different treatment so that it suited a solo voice. Probably work with a small group. I'd love to have a go at this sort of act, but you know how things get talked about, then flop off. \" The single did indeed flop, receiving scant promotion from PYE and only modest airplay , not helped that the off-shore pirate radio stations had been taken off air by then. After the disappointment of its predecessor, \"Lincoln County\", the Kinks management still thought a Dave Davies solo career was viable. Therefore \"Hold My Hand\" was released in 1969 as a standalone single, backed with \"Creeping Jean\" ( which, although it wasn't released on any Kinks albums, it has been a live favourite of Dave Davies' since he started performing solo in the late '90s.) Hold my Hand.", "Kink (materials science) Kinks are deviations of a dislocation defect along its glide plane. In edge dislocations, the constant glide plane allows short regions of the dislocation to turn, converting into screw dislocations and producing kinks. Screw dislocations have rotatable glide planes, thus kinks that are generated along screw dislocations act as an anchor for the glide plane. Kinks differ from jogs in that kinks are strictly parallel to the glide plane, while jogs shift away from the glide plane. Pure-edge and screw dislocations are conceptually straight in order to minimize its length, and through it, the strain energy of the system. Low-angle mixed dislocations, on the other hand, can be thought of as primarily edge dislocation with screw kinks in a stair-case structure (or vice versa), switching between straight pure-edge and pure-screw dislocation segments. In reality, kinks are not sharp transitions. Both the total length of the dislocation and the kink angle are dependent on the free energy of the system. The primary dislocation regions lie in Peierls-Nabarro potential minima, while the kink requires addition energy in the form of an energy peak. To minimize free energy, the kink equilibrates at a certain length and angle. Large energy peaks create short but sharp kinks in order to minimize dislocation length within the high energy region, while small energy peaks create long and drawn-out kinks in order to minimize total dislocation length. Kinks facilitate the movement of dislocations along its glide plane under shear stress, and is directly responsible for plastic deformation of crystals.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Kinks' legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be9cafd4da345878598a79c868e3007_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about The Kinks other than their legacy and albums released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bands of the period include Kat started as speed, heavy metal group (founded in late 1979), Turbo (founded in 1980) with origins in rock, and heavy metal, and others with strict thrash metal sound like Kreon, Dragon (both founded in 1984), Destroyers, Hammer (both founded in 1985), Quo Vadis, Alastor, Hunter, Wolf Spider, Acid Drinkers (all founded in 1986), and Egzekuthor (founded in 1987) among others. The 1980s is also the biggest activity of thrash metal scene in Poland in around of Metalmania festival based in Katowice, which was startup for several bands. Bands like Destroyers, Hamer, Dragon, Wolf Spider, became subject of interest of national record labels Pronit, and Polton sharing recordings on split albums. Destroyers continued performing till early 1990, with albums released by other national labels Tonpress, and Polskie Nagrania Muza. Wolf Spider after four albums released disbanded in 1991, later to be reformed in 2011. Dragon in later years developed death metal influenced style, and remain active till 2000 with five albums released. While Hamer after reforming several times remain active. Turbo with their popularity based on protest song \"Doros\u0142e dzieci\" came up with thrash metal after two albums released only in Poland. Several attempts to cross over the Polish border have been made with English language albums released by German label Noise Records, Italian Metal Master Records, and British Under One Flag subsidiary of Music for Nations. With problems to receive passports band remain local act, reformed several times Turbo released eleven albums, and is still active. With similar approach come up Kat, after several singles released in Poland band was signed to Belgian Ambush Records to release debut album. While unable to tour outside Poland remain local with several Polish language albums released.", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "List of DJMax soundtracks Pentavision has released DJMax soundtracks featuring songs from the games in a digital and physical retail format. This is a list of these albums. These soundtracks are being sold or have been sold in Korean digital music stores. After \"Vocal Paradigm\" albums others have been released as well. These albums contain various songs from the game series. Some have specific themes like concentrating only to rock or electronic genre. \" Portable Legacy\" and \"Portable Retro\" are essentially DJMax Portable original soundtrack repackaged into two separate albums which contain songs from both \"L\" and \"R\" in-game discs of DJMax Portable. \"Vocal Paradigm\" was the first album ever released outside influence of the games in February 5, 2007. It contains nine original songs from the DJMax Portable 2 which wasn't released at the time Vocal Paradigm came out. \"Vocal Paradigm 2\" is the second album released outside the game series. It was made available in March 22, 2007 and it contains nine songs from the \"DJMax Portable 2\". It was released eight days before DJMax Portable 2 which was released March 30, 2007. \"DJMax ROCK Tunes\" is Korea only music album which features rock songs from DJMax game series. It is one of the five albums released in conjunction to celebrate release of DJMax Portable 3. \" DJMax ANIPOP Tunes\" is one of the five albums released in conjunction to celebrate release of DJMax Portable 3. Anipop Tunes collects Japanese pop stylish songs from DJMax games to one record. \"DJMax ELECTRONIC Tunes\" is one of the five albums released in conjunction to celebrate release of DJMax Portable 3. It features songs from the various electronic subgenres such as Melodic Trance and Electro house. \" DJMax EXCLUSIVE Remixes\" is one of the five albums released in conjunction to celebrate release of DJMax Portable 3. \"", "Americana (Ray Davies album) Americana is an album by English rock musician Ray Davies, released by Legacy Recordings in April 2017. Like Davies' 2013 book of the same name, it explores his lifelong fascination with the music and culture of the United States, and his experiences of touring and living there. The album features contributions from members of American country rock band the Jayhawks. Although thought of as a quintessentially British songwriter, Ray Davies grew up fascinated by American music and cinema. The Kinks, the band he formed with his brother Dave, were initially heavily influenced by American musical styles, particularly rhythm and blues. When a permit refusal imposed by the American Federation of Musicians effectively banned the Kinks from touring the United States between 1965 and 1969, Davies began to focus his songwriting on more British themes, resulting in albums such as \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\" (1968) and \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\" (1969). Following the lifting of the ban and their return to the US, the Kinks released the country rock-tinged \"Muswell Hillbillies\" (1971), with Davies' writing exploring the influences of American culture on his North London upbringing. Davies' US connections were strengthened when the Kinks successfully reinvented themselves as an arena rock act, extensively touring North America in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He also briefly lived in New York City during that era. Following the Kinks' break-up in the 1990s, Davies settled in New Orleans, where in 2004 he was shot in the leg following an altercation with a mugger. In 2013, he published his memoir \"Americana: The Kinks, the Road and the Perfect Riff\", looking back on these experiences and his complex relationship with America.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\"."], "answer": {"text": "Artists influenced by The Kinks include punk rock groups such as the Ramones, The Clash, and The Jam,", "answer_start": 301}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Kinks' legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any albums?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be9cafd4da345878598a79c868e3007_0_q#3", "question": "Did the Kinks go on tour ever?", "rewrite": "Did The Kinks ever tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrey Nutrikhin Andrey Nutrikhin (born 20 August 1973) is a Russian cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 50 kilometre freestyle event at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "Australia (Kinks song) \"Australia\" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks, appearing on their 1969 album, \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\". It was written by the band's main songwriter, Ray Davies. In the song, the character Derek (who is featured in the story line of \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\") attempts to convince his father, Arthur, of the great opportunities available in Australia, where there's \"no drug addiction\" and you can \"surf like they do in the U.S.A.\" Derek's advertisement is compared to John Smith, who campaigned for America in a similar manner, by author Thomas Kitts. The song also features a jam sequence lasting for approximately half the song, which is atypical for The Kinks. This is probably the closest The Kinks ever came to a longer, loose and even slightly \"spacey\" jam on their records. In the Australian single edit, this section is removed by editing an earlier section of the song into another section during a drum beat, which is then followed by a fade-out. \"Australia\" was released in most countries only on \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\", where it was the closing track on side one. In Australia, an abbreviated version of the song was released as a single, with another \"Arthur\" track, \"She's Bought a Hat Like Princess Marina\", on the B-side. The single was commercially unsuccessful.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\".", "Despite this, he misses the village green, saying that he misses the \"church, the clock, the steeple\" and \"the morning dew, fresh air and Sunday school.\" However, since he left, the town became a novelty and a tourist attraction, with Americans saying things like \" 'Gawd darn it, Isn't it a pretty scene?' \" Daisy has married Tom, a former grocer boy, now owner of a grocery. Now, the man wishes to come back to the village green, and hopes to talk to Daisy once again. \"Village Green\" is most notable for appearing on \" The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\", but it made several other appearances. In fact, the track did receive a release prior to this album, as it was used in the French LP for \"Mister Pleasant\". Also, it was released as a single in Japan, with \"Animal Farm (the track that preceded \"Village Green\" on \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\") as its B-side. It also appeared on the compilation album \"Picture Book\", and an alternate version with an alternate orchestral overdub appeared 2004 Sanctuary Records special deluxe edition of \" The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\". There is no record of The Kinks ever performing the song live in the 1960s, however an instrumental version was used as the 'Village Green Overture' for some 1973 shows. Ray Davies has also performed the vocal version of the song on his solo tours."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Kinks' legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any albums?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Artists influenced by The Kinks include punk rock groups such as the Ramones, The Clash, and The Jam,", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4ad59da577244249188768367627591_0_q#0", "question": "What happened during the low-life?", "rewrite": "What happened during the low-life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt got a goal from Olivier Caillas and a goal from the penalty spot from Nils Pfingsten-Reddig. The 23rd match happened on 12 February 2011 against Hansa Rostock. Hansa Rostock won 2\u20130 with goals from Mohammed Lartey and Radovan Vujanovi\u0107. The 24th match happened on 16 February 2011 against Jahn Regensburg. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20130 with a goal from Pascal Testroet and a goal from the penalty spot from Felix Kroos. The 25th match happened on 19 February 2011 against Koblenz. Koblenz won 2\u20130 with goals from Andr\u00e9 Hahn and Manuel Hornig. The 26th match happened on 26 February 2011 against Stuttgart II. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II and Alexander Aschauer scored for Stuttgart II. Kevin Maek was sent-off during the match. The 27th match happened on 5 March 2011 against Unterhaching. Unterhaching won 2\u20130 with goals from Markus Schwabl and Abdenour Amachaibou. The 28th match happened on 11 March 2011 against Babelsberg. Werder Bremen II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Stefan Ronneburg. The 29th match happened on 19 March 2011 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won 2\u20131. Kevin Schindler scored for Werder Bremen II. Darlington Omodiagbe and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. The 30th match happened on 1 April 2011 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. The 31st match happened on 6 April 2011 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20131. Predrag Stevanovi\u0107 scored two goals for Werder Bremen II.", "Matchday 22 happened on 10 March 2010 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Kempe's first goal was from the penalty spot. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored from the penalty spot for Burussia Dortmund II. Matchday 28 happened on 13 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday 21 happened on 16 March 2010 against Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Alexander Dercho. Matchday 21 happened on 21 March 2010 against Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. Markus Schwabl was sent-off during the match. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Wacker Burghausen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lennart Thy scored for Werder Bremen II and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. Matchday 30 happened on 28 March 2010 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 2\u20131. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Melvin Holwijn scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Fut\u00e1cs was sent-off during the match. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Robert Koch. Matchday 32 happened on 3 April 2010 against Heidenheim. The matchday finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Onur Ay\u0131k scored for Werder Bremen II and Andreas Spann scored for Heidenheim. Stefan Ronneburg was sent-off during the match. Matchday 25 happened on 7 April 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig.", "2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season The 2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season happened between 25 July 2009 and 8 May 2010. Borussia Dortmund II opened up the season against Wacker Burghausen on 25 July 2009. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 4\u20133. Borussia Dortmund II got two goals from Sebastian Tyrala and a goal from Sebastian Hille. Wacker Burghausen got three goals from Christian Holzer and a goal from Christian Cappek. Matchday two happened on 28 July 2009 against Eintracht Braunschweig. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday three happened on 7 August 2009 against Werder Bremen II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday four happened on 15 August 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday five happened on 21 August 2009 against FC Ingolstadt. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Yasin. Matchday six happened on 28 August 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. Borussia Dortmund II got a goal from Sebastian Hille. Sebastian Mitterhuber and Robert Zillner scored for Unterhaching. Matchday seven happened on 2 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. J\u00f6rn Neumeister scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Assani Lukimya and Marco Riemer scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday eight happened on 6 September 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Borussia Dortmund II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Marcus Piossek. Matchday nine happened on 12 September 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim.", "Borussia Dortmund II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Sebastian Hille. Matchday 17 happened on 21 November 2009 against VfL Osnabr\u00fcck. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 4\u20131. Lasse Sobiech scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Osnabr\u00fcck got two goals from Aleksandar Kotuljac, a goal from Bj\u00f6rn Lindemann, and a goal from the penalty spot from Matthias Heidrich. Matchday 18 happened on 28 November 2009 against Jahn Regensburg. Jahn Regensburg won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Marco Haller and Stefan Jarosch. Matchday 19 happened on 6 December 2009 against Holstein Kiel. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Uwe H\u00fcnemeier. Matchday 20 happened on 12 December 2009 on against Wacker Burghausen. Borussia Dortmund II won 3\u20130 with three goals from Daniel Ginczek. Matchday 21 happened on 19 December 2009 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 2\u20131. Sebastian Tyra\u0142a and Julian Koch scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Dennis Kruppke scored for Eintracht Braunschweig. Matchday 23 happened on 7 February 2010 against Kickers Offenbach. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 2\u20131. Marcus Piossek and Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Mirnes Me\u0161i\u0107 scored for Kickers Offenbach. Matchday 25 happened on 21 February 2010 against Unterhaching. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lukas Nottbeck scored for Borussia Dortmund II and Thomas Rathgeber scored for Unterhaching. Matchday 22 happened on 10 March 2010 against Werder Bremen II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131.", "Ingolstadt got two goals from Stefan Leitl, and a goal each from Moritz Hartmann and Robert Braber. Matchday eight happened on 15 September 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. Kickers Offenbach won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from David Ulm. Matchday 10 happened on 19 September 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 3\u20131. Werder Bremen II got two goals from Onur Ay\u0131k and a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. \u00d6mer Kanca scored for Unterhaching. Felix Schiller was sent-off during the match. Matchday 11 happened on 26 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. The match finished in a 2\u20132 draw. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Salvatore Amirante scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday 12 happened on 3 October 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20130 with two goals from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday 13 happened on 17 October 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Dieter Jarosch scored for Heidenheim. Matchday 14 happened on 24 October 2009 against Wuppertaler SV. Wuppertal won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Andr\u00e9s Formento. Matchday 15 happened on 30 October 2009 against VfB Stuttgart II. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Onur Ay\u0131k. Matchday 16 happened on 7 November 2009 against Wehen Wiesbaden."], "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c4ad59da577244249188768367627591_0_q#1", "question": "Was low life an album?", "rewrite": "Was low life an album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Over in Spurrier\u2019s \"The Simping Detective\", undercover (or \"Wally Squad\" ) judge Jack Point had encountered a criminal operative called Miss Anne Thrope, part of a group of former judges run by an unknown figure. Point also had to deal with his Sector Chief, a corrupt judge named Daveez, and had an ally in Galen DeMarco, an ex-judge turned private investigator. The previous year, \"Low Life\" had concluded a story arc where Dirty Frank, a borderline insane Wally Squad judge, had been revealed to require the tether of the law to remain \u2018sane\u2019 and one of the only honest judges in the \u201cLow Life\u201d Squad. Frank had gone on a suicide mission to Hondo City to bring down a yakuza clan and arrest a corrupt former colleague, in order to remain on the force. (Rob Williams, the \"Low Life\" writer, had also written a story named \"Breathing Space\" in 2005, involving the collapse of oxygen companies on Luna-1.) An earlier \"Low Life\" tale had shown that Frank had once been a uniformed judge, but he went insane after a mission went badly wrong, leaving him stranded for days in a frozen wasteland. In July 2012 the story \"Day of Chaos\" had ended, in which survivors of East-Meg One, destroyed by Dredd in the Apocalypse War, had released a weaponised virus in Mega-City One. Using a horde of sleeper agents within Justice Department (one close to Chief Judge Francisco himself) and allied terrorist groups, they undermined any judicial efforts to stop the infection. By the end of \u201cChaos Day\u201d, 350 million citizens were dead (out of 400 million living at the beginning of the storyline), Francisco had resigned, and Judge Hershey had become chief judge (for the second time) and appointed an interim Council of Five.", "Evol (Future album) Evol (stylized in all caps) is the fourth studio album by American rapper Future. It was released on February 6, 2016, by A1 Recordings, Epic Records and Freebandz. It premiered on DJ Khaled's \"We The Best Radio\" debut on Beats 1. \"Evol\" follows five months after the collaborative mixtape, \"What a Time to Be Alive\" (2015), and a month after \"Purple Reign\" (2016). Production was handled by frequent collaborators Metro Boomin, Southside, TM88 and DJ Spinz, among others. \"Evol\" was supported by two singles: \"Low Life\" and \"Wicked\". The album received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It also debuted at number one on the US Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums. On December 25, 2015, The Weeknd released a collaborative song with Future, titled \"Low Life\", on SoundCloud. It was produced by Metro Boomin and Ben Billions and co-produced by The Weeknd. The song was later revealed to be included on \"Evol\". On March 1, 2016, \"Low Life\" was released as the album's first single. A music video for the track premiered on MTV on the same month. On February 1, 2016, DJ Khaled announced that he would be premiering Future's fourth album on the debut show of \"We The Best Radio\" on Beats 1. Future then announced the album title, release date and artwork, as well as individually tweeting the track list. The album cover artwork was created by the Polish creative production studio Ars Thanea. The album's title is love spelled backwards. \"Evol\" received generally positive reviews from critics.", "Low Life (song) \"Low Life\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Future, featuring Canadian singer The Weeknd. It was released on March 1, 2016, as the lead single from Future's fourth studio album, \"Evol\" (2016). The song was written by Future, Metro Boomin, The Weeknd and DaHeala. The song was produced by Metro Boomin, DaHeala and Ben Billions with co-production by The Weeknd. On December 24, 2015, Future and The Weeknd tweeted that they would release a new song. On the same day, Future posted a short snippet of the song on his Instagram. On December 25, \"Low Life\" was uploaded on The Weeknd's SoundCloud account. On February 4, 2016, Future announced that would soon release his fourth studio album, \"EVOL\". He published the album's 11-song track list, which included \"Low Life\". Future released \"EVOL\" on February 6. \"Low Life\" debuted at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for the week of February 27, 2016. Its chart debut was supported by first-week sales of 60,588 copies. As of April 23, 2016, the single has sold 247,300 copies in the US. The single was certified Triple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The song's accompanying music video premiered on March 25, 2016 on Future's Vevo account on YouTube. French Montana and Belly make cameo appearances in the video. As of February 2019, it has over 500 million views.", "Low Life (Massive Ego EP) Low Life is the first EP from British darkwave band Massive Ego. It was a collaboration with the Irish electronic group Empire State Human. It was released on Marc Massive's own independent label, \"Public Disordar Records\", on 20 October 2014. Two singles preceded the album, and two singles donated profits from their release to animal charities. Two music videos were released to promote the EP; \"Sound of the Download\" and \"Low Life\"  In 2014, Massive Ego began collaborating with Irish electronic band, Empire State Human, and on 4 February, \"Sound of the Download\" was released as a digital single. A song about illegal downloading. This would be the first release from a collaboration EP by the two bands. Later that year, \"Animal Rights Human Wrongs\" was released as a digital single with proceeds going to the charities, \"Saving Strays\" in Sarajevo and \"The Mayhew Animal Home\" in the UK. It was a modern take on the 'animal rights song' genre. The \"Low Life\" EP was a released on 20 October. The title track was a song about the tragic loss of ex-bandmember, Steady \"(Eddie Orange Dasher)\", when he committed suicide in 2005. And features guest vocals by \"Maggie K DeMonde\" of Scarlet Fantastic. Low Life was re-recorded with the new band lineup in 2016, for the upcoming album \"Beautiful Suicide\". The album will feature a dedication to his memory inside the album booklet. \"Reigning in the Machines\", a song that reflects on darker side of technology, was released as a digital single, remixed by \"Matt Pop\", exclusively on the Public Disordar Bandcamp and donates all profits from its sale to the \"Norton Animal Rescue Foundation\".", "Low Life Records Low Life Records was an independent record label from London established in 1992, promoting and releasing UK hip hop music. Low Life was owned by rapper and producer, Braintax (Joe Christie). The label's signed artists included many UK hip hop artists such as; Braintax himself, Task Force, Skinnyman, Jehst, Harry Love, Verb T, Mystro, Asaviour, Dubbledge, Micall Parknsun & Rodney P. Low Life released around 70 records, including 12\" singles, EPs and LPs. Low Life came to an abrupt end in 2008 when Braintax announced his retirement and release of his last record; 'My Last and Best Album'. This came as a shock and disappointment to many UK hip hop fans. According to various sources, many of the artists signed to Low Life felt as if they had been ripped off/underpaid by Braintax - however Braintax stated in an interview, \"There's been too much stress, mainly the large amount of b*****t you have to contend with when you run a record label. If you're not ripping people off then you're busy not trying hard enough to sell records that no one wants to buy. \" Low Life is seen today as one of the greatest UK hip hop labels of all time, and has a significant back catalogue of music."], "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the low-life?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4ad59da577244249188768367627591_0_q#2", "question": "When was brotherhood?", "rewrite": "When was brotherhood?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While the division of population between districts remains imperfect, it was an improvement upon previous elections. Like with the 2013 election, the 2016 election will be run by the IEC. The IEC has stated one of its aims for the 2016 election is the restoration of public faith in the electoral system. Candidates were required to register by 16 August. Campaign spending is capped by the IEC to 5 dinars per voter in a district for large urban districts. This is the first election where special centres are to be provided for deaf and blind voters. Voter registration was automatic, carried out using lists provided to the IEC by the Civil Service and the Passport Division. Indelible ink will be compulsory for voters. The reforms led to fears that Palestinians and Islamists would increase their influence. In 2015 internal divisions emerged among the Muslim Brotherhood, with splinter groups encouraged by the government. One splinter group, known as the Muslim Brotherhood Association, registered itself as the official Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan, taking advantage of the fact that the Muslim Brotherhood was affiliated with its Egyptian founders rather than being registered as a Jordanian organisation. The Muslim Brotherhood Association, which emphasises its Jordanian identity, was given official status in March 2015. Subsequent internal dissent among the original Muslim Brotherhood led to the resignation of hundreds of members. Two other splinter groups have also broken away from the Muslim Brotherhood. The Muslim Brotherhood Association leveraged its official status to launch lawsuits claiming ownership of Muslim Brotherhood property, and in April 2016 the lawsuits were decided in the favour of the Association, leading them to seizing control of a wide swathe of Muslim Brotherhood property. The government also prevented a celebration of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the Muslim Brotherhood. Despite the original Muslim Brotherhood becoming illegal after the official recognition of their splinter group, the IAF remained legal as it was registered as a Jordanian organisation.", "\u201cMr Farr found that as of mid-2014 the Brotherhood in the UK comprised a range of organisations, loosely associated together but without common command and control or a single leader. Some of these organisations had emerged in and from the UK. Others represented third country Brotherhood organisations using London as a base for overseas activities.\u201d \u201cThe military wing of Hamas was proscribed in the UK as a terrorist organisation in 2001 but Hamas has been active here for over ten years.\u201d \u201dMuslim Brotherhood organisations in the UK \u2013 including charities \u2013 are connected to counterparts elsewhere in Europe. MAB are associated with the Federation of Islamic Organisations in Europe (FIOE), established by the Muslim Brotherhood in 1989. FIOE subsequently created the European Council for Fatwa and Research, another pan European Muslim Brotherhood body, intended to provide religious and social guidance to Muslims living in Europe.\u201d \u201cThe Muslim Brotherhood have promoted a radical, transformative politics, at odds with a millennium of Islamic jurisprudence and statecraft\u201d The Muslim Brotherhood generally tries to transform and remodel individuals and communities through a bottom up approach and where possible participate in politics. But if needed the Muslim Brotherhood is willing to use violence and terror in pursuit of their long term goals;  The Muslim Brotherhood in the West uses double speak, the public narrative in the West in English the message is significantly different than in Arabic; \"There is little evidence that the experience of power in Egypt has caused a rethinking in the Muslim Brotherhood of its ideology or conduct.\" \"Much about the Muslim Brotherhood in the UK remains secretive, including membership, fund raising and educational programmes. But Muslim Brotherhood associates and affiliates here have at times had significant influence on the largest UK Muslim student organisation, national organisations which have claimed to represent Muslim communities (and on that basis have sought and had a dialogue with Government), charities and some mosques.", "Once again, the Brotherhood fights the menace, and once again the Brotherhood emerges victorious. Before the Brotherhood can rest, however, they encounter a new foe as they push into post-war Missouri, an area known as \"the Belt\": the remnants of the mutant army they were sent to destroy. The initial battles are costly to the Brotherhood. Outgunned and outmanned, the Brotherhood is overwhelmed outside of St. Louis. There General Barnaky, head of the Brotherhood, is captured by the Toccomata, leader of the mutant army. Although the Brotherhood is able to withdraw, they remain under constant attack. A squad dispatched to destroy a munitions manufacturing plant instead finds a laboratory dedicated to curing mutant sterility. The Brotherhood claims the lab in order to use it as a future bargaining chip. A few days later, at the ghoul town of Gravestone, in the ruins of Kansas City, Brotherhood scouts find an intact nuclear bomb. The Brotherhood defends the town from several mutant encroachments, and they are soon able to remove the weapon to a safe bunker. Brotherhood scouting reveals the base of the mutants to be at Osceolla, near the ruins of one of the wrecked Brotherhood zeppelins. A squad fights its way into the base. Inside, they find Toccomata, who is dying. He reveals that General Barnaky had been lost to an unknown menace from the west that was too powerful for even the mutant army. As the squad enters the room where the mutant leader was hiding, they find Paladin Latham, one of the leaders of the Brotherhood air convoy. He tells the squad that after crashing, he fought Gammorin in hand-to-hand combat for leadership of the mutants. Latham won, but a head injury from the battle became infected, and he soon became delusional.", "The Muslim Brotherhood released an English-language commentary on the bombing and said it condemned the terrorist attack. Qatar-based Muslim Brotherhood members are suspected to have helped a Muslim Brotherhood agent carry out the bombing, according to the Egyptian government. The Qatar-based supporter was named as Mohab Mostafa El-Sayed Qassem. The terrorist was named as Mahmoud Shafiq Mohamed Mostaf. The Arabic-language website of the Muslim Brotherhood commemorated the anniversary of the death of its leader, Hassan al-Banna, and repeated his words calling for the teachings of Islam to spread all over the world and to raise the \"flag of Jihad\", taking their land, \"regaining their glory\", \"including diaspora Muslims\" and demanding an Islamic State and a Muslim government, a Muslim people, a Muslim house, and Muslim individuals. The Brotherhood cited some of Hassan al-Banna's sayings calling for brotherhood between Muslims. The death of Omar Abdel Rahman, a convicted terrorist, received condolences from the Muslim Brotherhood. Mekameleen TV, a Turkey-based free-to-air satellite television channel run by exiled Brotherhood supporters, mourned his death and claimed it was \"martyrdom\". Mekameleen supports the Brotherhood Condolences were sent upon Omar Abdel Rahman's death by the website of the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party in Egypt. How much of the blame for the fall from power in Egypt of the Brotherhood and its allied Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) can be placed on the Brotherhood, and how much of it can be placed on its enemies in the Egyptian bureaucracy, media and security establishment is disputed. The Mubarak government's state media portrayed the Brotherhood as secretive and illegal, and numerous TV channels such as OnTV spent much of their air time vilifying the organization.", "The leadership of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, its Jordanian counterpart and Hamas are closely connected. There are wider links with Muslim Brotherhood affiliates throughout the region. Senior members of the Muslim Brotherhood routinely use virulent, anti-Semitic language;\u201d  \u201cSenior Muslim Brotherhood figures and associates have justified attacks against coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan;\u201d  \u201cSome members of the Muslim Brotherhood (mainly in non Muslim countries) have strongly criticised Al Qaida. But leaders in the Muslim Brotherhood have claimed that the attacks on 09/11 were fabricated by the US, and that the so called \u2018war on terrorism\u2019 is a pretext to attack Muslims.\u201d \u201cSir John concluded that it was not possible to reconcile these views with the claim made by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in their evidence to the review that \u201cthe Muslim Brotherhood has consistently adhered to peaceful means of opposition, renouncing all forms of violence throughout its existence\u201d. The second part of the on the Muslim Brotherhood in the United Kingdom was written Charles Farr. He examined in detail the Muslim Brotherhood's development, ideology and activities in the UK. \u201cIn the 1990s the Muslim Brotherhood and their associates established public facing and apparently national organisations in the UK to promote their views. None were openly identified with the Muslim Brotherhood and membership of the Muslim Brotherhood remained (and still remains) a secret. But for some years the Muslim Brotherhood shaped the new Islamic Society of Britain (ISB), dominated the Muslim Association of Britain (MAB) and played an important role in establishing and then running the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB). MAB became politically active, notably in connection with Palestine and Iraq, and promoted candidates in national and local elections. The MCB sought and obtained a dialogue with Government.\u201d"], "answer": {"text": "Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides.", "answer_start": 572}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the low-life?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was low life an album?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4ad59da577244249188768367627591_0_q#3", "question": "what were some of their songs?", "rewrite": "what were some of Brotherhood  songs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anatoly Sheludyakov Anatoly Sheludyakov (, , born 1955) is a classical pianist and composer. He was born in Moscow, Russia, where he completed his doctoral studies under professor Anatoly Vedernikov at the Gnesin Institute of Music. He also graduated from the Moscow Conservatory where he studied composition with Tikhon Khrennikov. His works include Variations for Orchestra, Ostinato for Orchestra, String Trio, Five Intermezzi for Percussion, Suite for Violin and Piano, the cantata \"Brotherhood Songs\", vocal cycles. In 1977 Sheludyakov was the winner of the Russian National Piano Competition. He has performed solo concerts with orchestras, solo recitals, and chamber music performances in prestigious concert halls in Moscow, St. Petersburg, and other major cities in Russia, the U.S., Germany, France, Italy, China, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Australia. He has recorded sixteen CDs of piano and chamber music and has performed on Russian television and radio. His repertoire includes many major works for solo piano, piano and orchestra, and piano chamber music of the Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Contemporary periods. Anatoly Sheludyakov has served as an assistant professor of piano at the Gnessin Institute of Music and has maintained a private piano studio in Moscow. Anatoly was awarded Honored Artist of Russian Federation in 1999 as well as the Medal of the Government of Moscow in 1997. He is currently an artist-in-residence at the University of Georgia, United States. \"Source\": adapted from artist's website", "The Muslim Brotherhood released an English-language commentary on the bombing and said it condemned the terrorist attack. Qatar-based Muslim Brotherhood members are suspected to have helped a Muslim Brotherhood agent carry out the bombing, according to the Egyptian government. The Qatar-based supporter was named as Mohab Mostafa El-Sayed Qassem. The terrorist was named as Mahmoud Shafiq Mohamed Mostaf. The Arabic-language website of the Muslim Brotherhood commemorated the anniversary of the death of its leader, Hassan al-Banna, and repeated his words calling for the teachings of Islam to spread all over the world and to raise the \"flag of Jihad\", taking their land, \"regaining their glory\", \"including diaspora Muslims\" and demanding an Islamic State and a Muslim government, a Muslim people, a Muslim house, and Muslim individuals. The Brotherhood cited some of Hassan al-Banna's sayings calling for brotherhood between Muslims. The death of Omar Abdel Rahman, a convicted terrorist, received condolences from the Muslim Brotherhood. Mekameleen TV, a Turkey-based free-to-air satellite television channel run by exiled Brotherhood supporters, mourned his death and claimed it was \"martyrdom\". Mekameleen supports the Brotherhood Condolences were sent upon Omar Abdel Rahman's death by the website of the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party in Egypt. How much of the blame for the fall from power in Egypt of the Brotherhood and its allied Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) can be placed on the Brotherhood, and how much of it can be placed on its enemies in the Egyptian bureaucracy, media and security establishment is disputed. The Mubarak government's state media portrayed the Brotherhood as secretive and illegal, and numerous TV channels such as OnTV spent much of their air time vilifying the organization.", "A second North American leg ending on June 30, 2019 was added to the tour, including shows in Mexico and Canada as well as two shows in the band's hometown, Columbus. The second North American leg of the tour was from May to June 2019, which featured post-punk band Bear Hands as openers, who in turn were promoting their album, \"Fake Tunes\". \"Trench\" became Twenty One Pilots' first number-one album in Australia, debuting atop the ARIA Albums Chart on October 13. It also debuted at number one in New Zealand, Spain, Portugal, Czech Republic and the Netherlands, and was also the band's first number-one album in these countries. \"Trench\" debuted at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200 behind the soundtrack for \"A Star Is Born\", with 175,000 album-equivalent units, of which 135,000 were pure album sales. This marked the band's biggest sales week in the country, surpassing their number-one album \"Blurryface\". It is the band's second US top five album. The album then dipped to number 7 in its second week with 49,000 units. The album debuted at number one on the Top Rock Albums and Alternative Albums charts, and every song from the album charted in the top 25 of the US Hot Rock Songs chart. The album also debuted at number two on the Canadian Albums Chart with 11,000 album-equivalent units. The album was leading the UK midweek charts upon its release with 6,000 combined sales, but debuted number two on the UK Albums Chart with 29,835 copies (including 6,178 sales equivalent streams), almost 2,000 behind the soundtrack album \" A Star Is Born\", making it the band's highest charting album to date in the country.", "Once again, the Brotherhood fights the menace, and once again the Brotherhood emerges victorious. Before the Brotherhood can rest, however, they encounter a new foe as they push into post-war Missouri, an area known as \"the Belt\": the remnants of the mutant army they were sent to destroy. The initial battles are costly to the Brotherhood. Outgunned and outmanned, the Brotherhood is overwhelmed outside of St. Louis. There General Barnaky, head of the Brotherhood, is captured by the Toccomata, leader of the mutant army. Although the Brotherhood is able to withdraw, they remain under constant attack. A squad dispatched to destroy a munitions manufacturing plant instead finds a laboratory dedicated to curing mutant sterility. The Brotherhood claims the lab in order to use it as a future bargaining chip. A few days later, at the ghoul town of Gravestone, in the ruins of Kansas City, Brotherhood scouts find an intact nuclear bomb. The Brotherhood defends the town from several mutant encroachments, and they are soon able to remove the weapon to a safe bunker. Brotherhood scouting reveals the base of the mutants to be at Osceolla, near the ruins of one of the wrecked Brotherhood zeppelins. A squad fights its way into the base. Inside, they find Toccomata, who is dying. He reveals that General Barnaky had been lost to an unknown menace from the west that was too powerful for even the mutant army. As the squad enters the room where the mutant leader was hiding, they find Paladin Latham, one of the leaders of the Brotherhood air convoy. He tells the squad that after crashing, he fought Gammorin in hand-to-hand combat for leadership of the mutants. Latham won, but a head injury from the battle became infected, and he soon became delusional.", "The leadership of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, its Jordanian counterpart and Hamas are closely connected. There are wider links with Muslim Brotherhood affiliates throughout the region. Senior members of the Muslim Brotherhood routinely use virulent, anti-Semitic language;\u201d  \u201cSenior Muslim Brotherhood figures and associates have justified attacks against coalition forces in Iraq and Afghanistan;\u201d  \u201cSome members of the Muslim Brotherhood (mainly in non Muslim countries) have strongly criticised Al Qaida. But leaders in the Muslim Brotherhood have claimed that the attacks on 09/11 were fabricated by the US, and that the so called \u2018war on terrorism\u2019 is a pretext to attack Muslims.\u201d \u201cSir John concluded that it was not possible to reconcile these views with the claim made by the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in their evidence to the review that \u201cthe Muslim Brotherhood has consistently adhered to peaceful means of opposition, renouncing all forms of violence throughout its existence\u201d. The second part of the on the Muslim Brotherhood in the United Kingdom was written Charles Farr. He examined in detail the Muslim Brotherhood's development, ideology and activities in the UK. \u201cIn the 1990s the Muslim Brotherhood and their associates established public facing and apparently national organisations in the UK to promote their views. None were openly identified with the Muslim Brotherhood and membership of the Muslim Brotherhood remained (and still remains) a secret. But for some years the Muslim Brotherhood shaped the new Islamic Society of Britain (ISB), dominated the Muslim Association of Britain (MAB) and played an important role in establishing and then running the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB). MAB became politically active, notably in connection with Palestine and Iraq, and promoted candidates in national and local elections. The MCB sought and obtained a dialogue with Government.\u201d"], "answer": {"text": "The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (", "answer_start": 645}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the low-life?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was low life an album?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was brotherhood?", "answer": {"text": "Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides.", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4ad59da577244249188768367627591_0_q#4", "question": "Was Substance another album?", "rewrite": "Was Substance another album other than \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["reviewer was less enthusiastic, considering \"Angel Dust\"'s variety of styles \"a personality disorder which undermines its potential greatness\". The album was also called an \"Album of the Year\" in 1992 by seven different publications in four countries, making the top 10 in three of them and the top position in one, and was also named the \"Most Influential Album of all Time\" by \"Kerrang!\" despite an initially lukewarm review. In 2017, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"Angel Dust\" as 65th on their list of 'The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time.' There were several different bonus discs released with various editions and formats of the album. This disc came with the third and fourth pressings of the Australian release, it contains four tracks labeled to be from a free concert at Munich, Germany on November 9, 1992. Although the date is correct, the venue is not, as it was recorded at Grugahalle Essen. . This disc was a promotional release on Limited Edition pressings of \"Angel Dust\" in France. On the back it reads \"\"ne peut \u00eatre vendu s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, offert avec l'album 'Angel Dust' dans la limite des stocks disponibles\"\", which translates to \"offered with the album \"Angel Dust\" while stocks last, not to be sold separately\" This disc was released with Limited Edition UK LPs as a Double Vinyl Pack. The first disc (with or without the bonus disc) lacked the tracks \"Crack Hitler\" and \"Midnight Cowboy\"; the track \"Smaller and Smaller\" appeared as the last track . This disc was a promotional release on Limited Edition pressings of \"Angel Dust\" in Europe released on August 24, 1992 , and was also released separately in a slimline case.", "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing \"The Perfect Kiss\"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and \"Sub-culture\". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring \"Shellshock\" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of \"Thieves Like Us\" and the instrumental \"Elegia\" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex. Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK \"True Faith\" CD video single, under the title \"Evil Dust\"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single \"True Faith\". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of \"Temptation\" and \"Confusion\"--referred to as \"Temptation '87\" and \"Confusion '87\". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides \"Procession\" and \"Murder\". The single, \"True Faith\", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit.", "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing \"The Perfect Kiss\"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and \"Sub-culture\". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring \"Shellshock\" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of \"Thieves Like Us\" and the instrumental \"Elegia\" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex. Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK \"True Faith\" CD video single, under the title \"Evil Dust\"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single \"True Faith\". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of \"Temptation\" and \"Confusion\"--referred to as \"Temptation '87\" and \"Confusion '87\". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides \"Procession\" and \"Murder\". The single, \"True Faith\", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit.", "State of the Nation (New Order song) \"State of the Nation\" is a 1986 single by New Order. Like most songs by the group, it was composed by all of its members (Peter Hook, Gillian Gilbert, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner). However, unlike other New Order tracks, the title is included not just in the regular song lyrics but even in the chorus; as well, the lyrics are specific and direct in attacking \"deprivation\" and making social commentary rather than taking a more esoteric or metaphorical approach. The protest song has appeared in several releases by the group including in the popular singles compilation \"Substance\". The 12\" version of the song is almost twice as long as the 7\" version, and includes an additional verse. The B-side was an alternate arrangement entitled \"Shame of the Nation\", which included, among other elements, backing vocals. This was written and produced with John Robie, marking the group's third collaboration with him. The Australian 12\" was the same as the UK 12\", but the 7\" version of the song was only released as the B-side of \"Bizarre Love Triangle\". Though not included on most standard releases of the concurrently-released studio album \"Brotherhood\", the 12\" version of the song was included as a bonus track on some versions and was originally included on the US 12\" version of \"Bizarre Love Triangle\". The 12\" version of \"Shame of the Nation\" is included on the 2008 Collectors Edition of \"Low-Life\". Both sides of the 12\" version were collected on the \"Substance\" compilation. The 7\" version of \"State of the Nation\" was collected on the \"Singles\" compilation.", "This included their acoustic cover version of New Order's 1986 hit, \"Bizarre Love Triangle\", which reached No. 76 in the UK \u2013 following releases of earlier tracks: \"Ordinary Angels\" which did not chart, and \" Kelly Street\" which reached No. 80. \" Bizarre Love Triangle\" appeared in Australia on a re-issued version of \"Lonely\" EP in May 1994 which peaked at No. 7 on the ARIA Singles Chart \u2013 the first issue had charted at No. 88 in February. In the US, \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" peaked at No. 10 on \"Billboard\"s Modern Rock Tracks chart and No. 49 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The US re-release of \"Labour of Love\" managed No. 9 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. \" Ordinary Angels\" appeared on the 1994 soundtrack for the US TV series \"Melrose Place\". By year's end, due to constant touring, O'Connor left and was replaced on bass guitar by Bill McDonald ( ex-Hot Half Hour, Deborah Conway Band, Rebecca's Empire). In early 1995 Hart recorded vocals for an Australian single, \"Tingly\", by Pop! released in November, which reached No. 92. Frente! has a track on a compilation album, \"\" (5 December 1995), a cover version of \"Open Up Your Heart (and Let the Sunshine In)\". During 1995 Frente! recorded their second album, \"Shape\", in Spain with Ted Niceley (Fugazi), David M. Allen (The Cure, Sisters of Mercy), Cameron McVey aka Booga Bear (Neneh Cherry) and the band producing. The first single, \"Sit on My Hands\", peaked at No. 66 in Australia in July 1996. The second single, \"What's Come Over Me\" peaked at No."], "answer": {"text": "Substance was an important album", "answer_start": 1092}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the low-life?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was low life an album?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was brotherhood?", "answer": {"text": "Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides.", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of their songs?", "answer": {"text": "The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4ad59da577244249188768367627591_0_q#5", "question": "Why was this album important?", "rewrite": "Why was Substance album important?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In early 2007, Lekha was signed on to play the lead role of an orthodox Tamil Brahmin girl alongside Silambarasan in his project \"Kettavan\", after the actor and the film's director Nanthu had spotted her at a cinema hall. She replaced the team's original choice Sana Khan in the lead role, but despite completing a schedule, the film was shelved and later cancelled after the lead actor and director had creative differences. She had earlier made an uncredited appearance in a song from the 1999 romance film \"Kadhalar Dhinam\" and also made a guest appearance in director Jeeva's 2007 film \"Unnale Unnale\" as a bride at a wedding. In November 2007, Lekha signed on to play a supporting role in R. Kannan's directorial debut \"Jayamkondaan\" alongside Vinay Rai and Bhavana (actress). Appearing as Vinay Rai's estranged stepsister, Brindha, in the film, Lekha won critical acclaim for her role with a reviewer citing that she \"sparkles as the half sister in a well etched role\" and is \"the surprise packet and has the credentials to make it big\". Another critics cited that Lekha \"pulls off with \u00e9lan\" and \"her costume spells class and character as does her performance\", and subsequently the film went on to become a critical and commercial success. In 2010, Lekha appeared in three films in three regional languages. Her first release was in the multi-starrer \"Vedam\", where she played a role as a part of the troupe of a lead character, Manoj Manchu. The film won positive reviews, and Lekha's small role was labelled as \"adequate support\" by critics, as the film enjoyed a successful run commercially.", "Akshaye Khanna Akshaye Khanna (born 28 March 1975) is an Indian actor who appears in Hindi films. He has received two Filmfare Awards and is the son of late actor Vinod Khanna. After studying in Kishore Namit Kapoor Acting Institute in Mumbai, Khanna made his acting debut in Bollywood in 1997 with the movie \"Himalay Putra\". His next release \"Border\" (1997) emerged as a critical and commercial success, earning him the Filmfare Best Debut Award and a nomination for Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor. Khanna rose to prominence with starring roles in the musical romantic drama \"Taal\" (1999), the comedy drama \"Dil Chahta Hai\" (2001) which won him a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor, the romantic thriller \"Humraaz\" (2002) for which he was nominated in the Best Negative Role category, the romantic comedies \"Hungama\" (2003) and \"Hulchul\" (2004), the murder mystery \"36 China Town\" (2006), the action thriller \"Race\" (2008) and the heist comedy \"Tees Maar Khan\" (2010), and he continued to draw praise for his performances in the 1999 romance \"Dahek\", the 2002 psychological thriller \"Deewangee\", the 2007 biographical drama \"Gandhi, My Father\" and the 2010 action thriller film \"Aakrosh\". In 2016, he made his comeback as an antagonist after a four-year hiatus in the action-comedy film \"Dishoom\" and appeared as an investigative cop in two 2017 thrillers, the crime film \"Mom\" and the murder mystery \"Ittefaq\". Akshaye Khanna was born in Jalandhar, Punjab, India.", "According to their explanation they were not interested in interception of the network traffic, but in Internet experience of the firm and in utilization of \"FAPSI's excess computing power and network bandwidth\". In 1995 by decree of President Boris Yeltsin all cryptographic systems except those licensed by FAPSI were forbidden in the Russian Federation. There are widespread rumors that all systems licensed by FAPSI have backdoors allowing the agency to freely access the encrypted information. Since 1998 they require that all Internet providers in Russia install their hardware named SORM (\u0421\u041e\u0420\u041c \u2013 \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e-\u0420\u043e\u0437\u044b\u0441\u043a\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439, System of Operative Investigative Actions) that allows filtering and remote control of internet traffic from FAPSI headquarters. Internet providers must pay for the devices (around US$15,000) directly to FAPSI. Despite the original resistance of Internet providers they complied. It is claimed, however, that no legal document requires ISPs to provide these services free of charge, and some people report that one large St. Petersburg ISP told FSB that it does not decline their request, but is going to bill them appropriately, for which this ISP never saw FSB come back. One of the tasks of the agency was to protect government websites from getting hacked. Sometime they fail to do it by a very simple scenario - the domain is not paid for in time and becomes a trophy of cybersquatting. In January 2004, the election site registered personally for Vladimir Putin was not paid for in time and became a pornographic site. Eventually the site was closed down.", "After nighttime administration of midazolam, residual 'hangover' effects, such as sleepiness and impaired psychomotor and cognitive functions, may persist into the next day. This may impair the ability of users to drive safely and may increase the risk of falls and hip fractures. Sedation, respiratory depression and hypotension due to a reduction in systematic vascular resistance, and an increase in heart rate can occur. If intravenous midazolam is given too quickly, hypotension may occur. A \"midazolam infusion syndrome\" may result from high doses, and is characterised by delayed arousal hours to days after discontinuation of midazolam, and may lead to an increase in the length of ventilatory support needed. In susceptible individuals, midazolam has been known to cause a paradoxical reaction, a well-documented complication with benzodiazepines. When this occurs, the individual may experience anxiety, involuntary movements, aggressive or violent behavior, uncontrollable crying or verbalization, and other similar effects. This seems to be related to the altered state of consciousness or disinhibition produced by the drug. Paradoxical behavior is often not recalled by the patient due to the amnesia-producing properties of the drug. In extreme situations, flumazenil can be administered to inhibit or reverse the effects of midazolam. Antipsychotic medications, such as haloperidol, have also been used for this purpose. Midazolam is known to cause respiratory depression. In healthy humans, 0.15 mg/kg of midazolam may cause respiratory depression, which is postulated to be a central nervous system (CNS) effect.", "G\u0142uszyca G\u00f3rna G\u0142uszyca G\u00f3rna () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina G\u0142uszyca within Wa\u0142brzych County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately south-east of G\u0142uszyca, south-east of Wa\u0142brzych, and south-west of the regional capital Wroc\u0142aw."], "answer": {"text": "Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time", "answer_start": 1092}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the low-life?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was low life an album?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was brotherhood?", "answer": {"text": "Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides.", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of their songs?", "answer": {"text": "The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Substance another album?", "answer": {"text": "Substance was an important album", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4ad59da577244249188768367627591_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than the albums Bizarre Love Triangle\",\"Angel Dust and Substance?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["State of the Nation (New Order song) \"State of the Nation\" is a 1986 single by New Order. Like most songs by the group, it was composed by all of its members (Peter Hook, Gillian Gilbert, Stephen Morris and Bernard Sumner). However, unlike other New Order tracks, the title is included not just in the regular song lyrics but even in the chorus; as well, the lyrics are specific and direct in attacking \"deprivation\" and making social commentary rather than taking a more esoteric or metaphorical approach. The protest song has appeared in several releases by the group including in the popular singles compilation \"Substance\". The 12\" version of the song is almost twice as long as the 7\" version, and includes an additional verse. The B-side was an alternate arrangement entitled \"Shame of the Nation\", which included, among other elements, backing vocals. This was written and produced with John Robie, marking the group's third collaboration with him. The Australian 12\" was the same as the UK 12\", but the 7\" version of the song was only released as the B-side of \"Bizarre Love Triangle\". Though not included on most standard releases of the concurrently-released studio album \"Brotherhood\", the 12\" version of the song was included as a bonus track on some versions and was originally included on the US 12\" version of \"Bizarre Love Triangle\". The 12\" version of \"Shame of the Nation\" is included on the 2008 Collectors Edition of \"Low-Life\". Both sides of the 12\" version were collected on the \"Substance\" compilation. The 7\" version of \"State of the Nation\" was collected on the \"Singles\" compilation.", "This included their acoustic cover version of New Order's 1986 hit, \"Bizarre Love Triangle\", which reached No. 76 in the UK \u2013 following releases of earlier tracks: \"Ordinary Angels\" which did not chart, and \" Kelly Street\" which reached No. 80. \" Bizarre Love Triangle\" appeared in Australia on a re-issued version of \"Lonely\" EP in May 1994 which peaked at No. 7 on the ARIA Singles Chart \u2013 the first issue had charted at No. 88 in February. In the US, \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" peaked at No. 10 on \"Billboard\"s Modern Rock Tracks chart and No. 49 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The US re-release of \"Labour of Love\" managed No. 9 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. \" Ordinary Angels\" appeared on the 1994 soundtrack for the US TV series \"Melrose Place\". By year's end, due to constant touring, O'Connor left and was replaced on bass guitar by Bill McDonald ( ex-Hot Half Hour, Deborah Conway Band, Rebecca's Empire). In early 1995 Hart recorded vocals for an Australian single, \"Tingly\", by Pop! released in November, which reached No. 92. Frente! has a track on a compilation album, \"\" (5 December 1995), a cover version of \"Open Up Your Heart (and Let the Sunshine In)\". During 1995 Frente! recorded their second album, \"Shape\", in Spain with Ted Niceley (Fugazi), David M. Allen (The Cure, Sisters of Mercy), Cameron McVey aka Booga Bear (Neneh Cherry) and the band producing. The first single, \"Sit on My Hands\", peaked at No. 66 in Australia in July 1996. The second single, \"What's Come Over Me\" peaked at No.", "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing \"The Perfect Kiss\"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and \"Sub-culture\". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring \"Shellshock\" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of \"Thieves Like Us\" and the instrumental \"Elegia\" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex. Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK \"True Faith\" CD video single, under the title \"Evil Dust\"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single \"True Faith\". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of \"Temptation\" and \"Confusion\"--referred to as \"Temptation '87\" and \"Confusion '87\". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides \"Procession\" and \"Murder\". The single, \"True Faith\", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit.", "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing \"The Perfect Kiss\"--the video for which was filmed by Jonathan Demme--and \"Sub-culture\". In February 1986, the soundtrack album to Pretty in Pink featuring \"Shellshock\" was released on A&M Records. An instrumental version of \"Thieves Like Us\" and the instrumental \"Elegia\" appeared in the film but were not on the soundtrack album. Later that summer, New Order headlined a line-up that included the Smiths, the Fall, and A Certain Ratio during the Festival of the Tenth Summer at Manchester's G-Mex. Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides. The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (of which a remixed instrumental version is available on the UK \"True Faith\" CD video single, under the title \"Evil Dust\"), a track which marries a synth break beat with Low-Life-era guitar effects. While New Order toured North America with friends Echo & the Bunnymen, the summer of 1987 saw the release of the compilation Substance, which featured the new single \"True Faith\". Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time and featured new versions of \"Temptation\" and \"Confusion\"--referred to as \"Temptation '87\" and \"Confusion '87\". A second disc featured several of the B-sides from the singles on the first disc, as well as additional A-sides \"Procession\" and \"Murder\". The single, \"True Faith\", with its surreal video, became a hit on MTV and the band's first American top 40 hit.", "reviewer was less enthusiastic, considering \"Angel Dust\"'s variety of styles \"a personality disorder which undermines its potential greatness\". The album was also called an \"Album of the Year\" in 1992 by seven different publications in four countries, making the top 10 in three of them and the top position in one, and was also named the \"Most Influential Album of all Time\" by \"Kerrang!\" despite an initially lukewarm review. In 2017, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"Angel Dust\" as 65th on their list of 'The 100 Greatest Metal Albums of All Time.' There were several different bonus discs released with various editions and formats of the album. This disc came with the third and fourth pressings of the Australian release, it contains four tracks labeled to be from a free concert at Munich, Germany on November 9, 1992. Although the date is correct, the venue is not, as it was recorded at Grugahalle Essen. . This disc was a promotional release on Limited Edition pressings of \"Angel Dust\" in France. On the back it reads \"\"ne peut \u00eatre vendu s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, offert avec l'album 'Angel Dust' dans la limite des stocks disponibles\"\", which translates to \"offered with the album \"Angel Dust\" while stocks last, not to be sold separately\" This disc was released with Limited Edition UK LPs as a Double Vinyl Pack. The first disc (with or without the bonus disc) lacked the tracks \"Crack Hitler\" and \"Midnight Cowboy\"; the track \"Smaller and Smaller\" appeared as the last track . This disc was a promotional release on Limited Edition pressings of \"Angel Dust\" in Europe released on August 24, 1992 , and was also released separately in a slimline case."], "answer": {"text": "The single reached number 20 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 in the UK Independent Singles chart,", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during the low-life?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles, brandishing", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was low life an album?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Low-Life refined and sometimes mixed the two styles,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was brotherhood?", "answer": {"text": "Brotherhood (1986) divided the two approaches onto separate album sides.", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of their songs?", "answer": {"text": "The album notably featured \"Bizarre Love Triangle\" and \"Angel Dust\" (", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Substance another album?", "answer": {"text": "Substance was an important album", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was this album important?", "answer": {"text": "Substance was an important album in collecting the group's 12-inch singles onto CD for the first time", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#0", "question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "rewrite": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jessica Jacobs Jessica Madison Jacobs (14 November 1990 \u2013 10 May 2008) was an Australian actress and singer. She was best known for her role as Melanie Atwood in the second series of \"The Saddle Club\". Born in Canberra, Australia, Jessica Jacobs was the middle child of Joanna and Brendan Jacobs and the sister of Adam, Seth and Charlie Jacobs. Jacobs began acting at the age of nine. Jacobs appeared as Marta von Trapp in the Melbourne production of the 1999-2000 Australian stage revival tour of \"The Sound of Music\", taking over from Rachel Marley who had played the role in the opening Sydney production. In addition to The Saddle Club, Jacobs was featured in the television series \"Fergus McPhail\", \"Worst Best Friends\", and \"Holly's Heroes\". Jacobs replaced Marisa Siketa on \"The Saddle Club\" after she left the show to star on \"Neighbours\". Jessica studied ballet and classical violin when she was six years old. Jacobs eventually learned how to play bass guitar. Until her death she was a member of The Volten Sins. Jacobs and released a CD Single for their song \"Trouble\" in 2003. Jacobs was in Year 12 at the time of her death. She was six months away from leaving Sandringham College and getting her Victorian Certificate of Education. Jacobs had planned to move in with older brother Adam and attend Victorian College of the Arts to study bass guitar and establish herself as a musician. Jacobs was a Christian (Anglican Church of Australia). In the months before her death Jacobs took a break from acting to focus on school and music. Jacobs' had been working at a local bakery until the day she died. Prior to her death Jacobs was working on music for series three of \"The Saddle Club\". A year after Jacobs' death, her mother, Joanna Jacobs. founded the Jessica Jacobs School of Drama.", "It features a public lecture by a leading criminal justice or criminology scholar, followed by questions and discussion. The Hoffinger Colloquium serves as a magnet for criminal justice professors, researchers, policymakers and practitioners from the metropolitan area and beyond. In 1989, Jacobs published \"Drunk Driving: An American Dilemma\", a wide-ranging jurisprudential and policy analysis of drunk driving as a social phenomenon, criminal offense and target of socio-legal control. He also took up a multi-year consulting position with the New York State Organized Crime Task Force, whose director was Ronald Goldstock. Jacobs worked with the OCTF on a study and investigation of Cosa Nostra penetration of the NYC construction industry. The investigation led to numerous convictions, the study was published in 1990 as \"Corruption and Racketeering In The New York City Construction Industry: The Final Report of the New York State Organized Task Force\". It was the first of five books that Jacobs was to write over the next twenty years on various aspects of the government\u2019s legal attack on the Cosa Nostra. Jacobs has also written books on political corruption, hate crime, and gun control. His most recent book is \"The Eternal Criminal Record\", the research for which was supported by a 2012-13 Guggenheim Fellowship. He has also written well over one hundred articles on diverse criminal law and criminology topics, most recently on the jurisprudential and policy issues related to the construction, maintenance, dissemination and discrimination based on criminal records. Many of his articles have been collaborations with students who have been associated with the Center for Research in Crime and Justice. Since 2000, Jacobs has been a fellow of the American Society of Criminology. He served for many years as chair of the advisory board of NYU Press. He continues to serve as a member of the advisory board of the NYC Criminal Justice Agency.", "Klaus Johann Jacobs Klaus Johann Jacobs (3 December 1936 \u2013 11 September 2008) was a German-born billionaire with a Swiss citizenship. He was born on 3 December 1936 in Bremen, Germany. Jacobs attended the University of Hamburg and later Stanford University. He started his career in the global coffee and chocolates industries. In 1962, he became Director of Purchasing and Marketing for the Jacobs AG coffee business. In 1972 he became General Manager of the company. In 1982, the company merged with Interfood to create Jacobs Suchard AG, Europe's number one chocolate and coffee business. In 1990, when the consumer-oriented elements of Jacobs Suchard were sold to Philip Morris, Jacobs created with the non-consumer businesses of Jacobs Suchard a company which is now known as Barry Callebaut. Barry Callebaut is today the world's largest raw chocolate producer. In 1991, Jacobs became also involved with the human resource services industry with the acquisition of Adia Personnel Services where he led the company to a Global Fortune 500 Company following the merger with Ecco in 1996 to form Adecco. The Jacobs Foundation was established by Klaus J. Jacobs in December, 1988, in Zurich, Switzerland. In 2001, the founder surrendered his entire share of the Jacobs Holding AG to the Jacobs Foundation, with an effective value of CHF 1.5 billion (31.12.08 CHF 2.3 billion). The Jacobs Foundation's goal is to contribute to Productive Youth Development by bringing together basic research, application and intervention projects and through dialogue and network building. The Jacobs Foundation supports research and projects worldwide. Klaus J. Jacobs donated EUR 200 million to the Jacobs University Bremen in 2006. He died on 11 September 2008 in K\u00fcsnacht, Switzerland. The Klaus J. Jacobs Research Award honours outstanding achievement in child and youth development and the Klaus J. Jacobs", "Paul Jacobs (ice hockey)  Paul Oronhyatekha Jacobs (March 9, 1894 \u2013 May 1, 1973) was a Canadian professional ice hockey and lacrosse player. Jacobs played one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Toronto Arenas during the 1918\u201319 NHL season. Jacobs may have been the first aboriginal ice hockey player in the NHL. Jacobs was a resident of the Kahnawake Mohawk Territory, south of Montreal. Jacobs was proficient as a youth playing lacrosse. Photographs exist of Jacobs as a member of the reserve lacrosse team in 1910. Jacobs was also proficient at ice hockey. He is first recorded on a hockey team with Dominion Bridge Company team in the 1912-13 season. Records exist for Jacobs playing for various teams from 1912 through 1916 and from 1917 through 1925, the last recorded team being the amateur Cleveland Ohio Blues of the USAHA. Jacobs' record in the NHL is unclear. Jacobs was invited to the Torontos' training camp in December 1918. Jacobs potentially earned an opening-day roster spot but an announcement in the \"Toronto Globe\" indicated he was returning to the Montreal area instead. Jacobs played several games for the Montreal Stars of the Montreal Hockey League that season. Jacobs is recorded in referee reports for five games for Toronto between December 31 and February 4. However no newspaper reports list Jacobs as being in the lineup for any of those games. He may have been a substitute and did not play. Jacobs is recorded in an Ottawa paper for the opening-day December 23 game, but no other newspaper included Jacobs in the game report. An NHL report for the season records Jacobs as only participating in the December 31 game. US census records for 1930 and 1940 list Jacobs as living in Detroit with his wife Alice.", "\" Frank Gillette: Excavations and Banquets\" (February 9 \u2013 April 21, 2019). Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York  2004. Universal Concepts Unlimited, NYC  2002. Universal Concepts Unlimited, NYC  2000. Universal Concepts Unlimited, NYC  1999. Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY  1999. Laumont Editions, NYC  1999. Art-Life MOCA, LA  1994. Florida State University Museum, Tallahassee  1992. B-4-A Gallery, NYC  1991. Attitude Art, NYC  1989. Catherine Turner Gallery (Special Photographer's Company), London  1987. Zenith Gallery, Washington, D.C.  1986. Loughetton Gallery, NYC  1986. Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston  1985. American Academy in Rome / London Video Arts, London  1983. Lawrence Oliver Gallery, Philadelphia  1983. Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC  1982. Leo Castelli Gallery, NYC  1982. Woodstock Arts Center, Woodstock, NY  1982. Honolulu Academy of Art, Honolulu  1981. E.C. Windward Gallery, L.A. / San Francisco Art Institute, S.F.  1980. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.  1980. The Kitchen, NYC  1979. University Art Museum, Berkeley, CA  1979. Honolulu Academy of Art, Honolulu  1979. Leo Castelli Gallery, NYC  1978. Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, TX  1978. The Kitchen, NYC  1978. Robinson Gallery, Houston, TX  1977. Leo Castelli Gallery, NYC  1977. Whitney Museum of American Art, NYC  1976. Leo Castelli Gallery, NYC  1975. Long Beach Museum of Art, CA  1975. Anthology FIlm Archives, NYC  1974. Art/Tapes 22, Florence, Italy  1974. The Kitchen, NYC  1974. Lowe Art Museum, Miami, FL  1973. Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY  1969. Howard Wise Gallery, NYC  1964. Granite Gallery, NYC"], "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#1", "question": "Did she go to school?", "rewrite": "Did Jacobs go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On October 1, 1850, John S. Jacobs' speech was quoted in \"Meetings of Colored Citizens.\" Following Congressional passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, both John and Harriet Jacobs feared for each other's safety, as legally they were still escaped slaves. The new law increased pressure to capture people who escaped slavery and required cooperation from officials and citizens of free states. The Jacobs' siblings left Rochester and returned to New York City. Furious about the act, John wanted to leave the country. When he heard that the new state of California did not enforce the act, he decided to go there. He worked in the gold mines during the Gold Rush, where he was joined in 1852 by Joseph Jacobs, Harriet's son and his nephew. On February 29, 1852, Harriet Jacobs was informed that Daniel Messmore, the husband of her young legal mistress Mary Matilda (Norcom) Messmore, had checked into a hotel in New York. To avert the risk of Jacobs being kidnapped, Cornelia Grinnell Willis (Willis' second wife) took Harriet and the Willis baby to a friend's house where they hid. Cornelia Willis encouraged Jacobs to take the baby and go to Willis relatives in Massachusetts. Without Jacobs' knowledge, Cornelia Willis paid $300 to Messmore for the rights to Harriet and gave Jacobs her freedom. Jacobs returned to New York with the Willis child. In late 1852 or early 1853, Amy Post suggested that Jacobs should write her life story. She also suggested that Jacobs contact the author Harriet Beecher Stowe, who was working on \"A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin\". When Stowe wanted to use Jacobs' history in her own book, Jacobs decided to write her own account. She wrote secretly at night, in a nursery in the Willis' Idlewild estate.", "Klaus Johann Jacobs Klaus Johann Jacobs (3 December 1936 \u2013 11 September 2008) was a German-born billionaire with a Swiss citizenship. He was born on 3 December 1936 in Bremen, Germany. Jacobs attended the University of Hamburg and later Stanford University. He started his career in the global coffee and chocolates industries. In 1962, he became Director of Purchasing and Marketing for the Jacobs AG coffee business. In 1972 he became General Manager of the company. In 1982, the company merged with Interfood to create Jacobs Suchard AG, Europe's number one chocolate and coffee business. In 1990, when the consumer-oriented elements of Jacobs Suchard were sold to Philip Morris, Jacobs created with the non-consumer businesses of Jacobs Suchard a company which is now known as Barry Callebaut. Barry Callebaut is today the world's largest raw chocolate producer. In 1991, Jacobs became also involved with the human resource services industry with the acquisition of Adia Personnel Services where he led the company to a Global Fortune 500 Company following the merger with Ecco in 1996 to form Adecco. The Jacobs Foundation was established by Klaus J. Jacobs in December, 1988, in Zurich, Switzerland. In 2001, the founder surrendered his entire share of the Jacobs Holding AG to the Jacobs Foundation, with an effective value of CHF 1.5 billion (31.12.08 CHF 2.3 billion). The Jacobs Foundation's goal is to contribute to Productive Youth Development by bringing together basic research, application and intervention projects and through dialogue and network building. The Jacobs Foundation supports research and projects worldwide. Klaus J. Jacobs donated EUR 200 million to the Jacobs University Bremen in 2006. He died on 11 September 2008 in K\u00fcsnacht, Switzerland. The Klaus J. Jacobs Research Award honours outstanding achievement in child and youth development and the Klaus J. Jacobs", "Paul Jacobs (ice hockey)  Paul Oronhyatekha Jacobs (March 9, 1894 \u2013 May 1, 1973) was a Canadian professional ice hockey and lacrosse player. Jacobs played one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Toronto Arenas during the 1918\u201319 NHL season. Jacobs may have been the first aboriginal ice hockey player in the NHL. Jacobs was a resident of the Kahnawake Mohawk Territory, south of Montreal. Jacobs was proficient as a youth playing lacrosse. Photographs exist of Jacobs as a member of the reserve lacrosse team in 1910. Jacobs was also proficient at ice hockey. He is first recorded on a hockey team with Dominion Bridge Company team in the 1912-13 season. Records exist for Jacobs playing for various teams from 1912 through 1916 and from 1917 through 1925, the last recorded team being the amateur Cleveland Ohio Blues of the USAHA. Jacobs' record in the NHL is unclear. Jacobs was invited to the Torontos' training camp in December 1918. Jacobs potentially earned an opening-day roster spot but an announcement in the \"Toronto Globe\" indicated he was returning to the Montreal area instead. Jacobs played several games for the Montreal Stars of the Montreal Hockey League that season. Jacobs is recorded in referee reports for five games for Toronto between December 31 and February 4. However no newspaper reports list Jacobs as being in the lineup for any of those games. He may have been a substitute and did not play. Jacobs is recorded in an Ottawa paper for the opening-day December 23 game, but no other newspaper included Jacobs in the game report. An NHL report for the season records Jacobs as only participating in the December 31 game. US census records for 1930 and 1940 list Jacobs as living in Detroit with his wife Alice.", "Jessica Jacobs Jessica Madison Jacobs (14 November 1990 \u2013 10 May 2008) was an Australian actress and singer. She was best known for her role as Melanie Atwood in the second series of \"The Saddle Club\". Born in Canberra, Australia, Jessica Jacobs was the middle child of Joanna and Brendan Jacobs and the sister of Adam, Seth and Charlie Jacobs. Jacobs began acting at the age of nine. Jacobs appeared as Marta von Trapp in the Melbourne production of the 1999-2000 Australian stage revival tour of \"The Sound of Music\", taking over from Rachel Marley who had played the role in the opening Sydney production. In addition to The Saddle Club, Jacobs was featured in the television series \"Fergus McPhail\", \"Worst Best Friends\", and \"Holly's Heroes\". Jacobs replaced Marisa Siketa on \"The Saddle Club\" after she left the show to star on \"Neighbours\". Jessica studied ballet and classical violin when she was six years old. Jacobs eventually learned how to play bass guitar. Until her death she was a member of The Volten Sins. Jacobs and released a CD Single for their song \"Trouble\" in 2003. Jacobs was in Year 12 at the time of her death. She was six months away from leaving Sandringham College and getting her Victorian Certificate of Education. Jacobs had planned to move in with older brother Adam and attend Victorian College of the Arts to study bass guitar and establish herself as a musician. Jacobs was a Christian (Anglican Church of Australia). In the months before her death Jacobs took a break from acting to focus on school and music. Jacobs' had been working at a local bakery until the day she died. Prior to her death Jacobs was working on music for series three of \"The Saddle Club\". A year after Jacobs' death, her mother, Joanna Jacobs. founded the Jessica Jacobs School of Drama.", "Instead, the fate awaiting every living person is revealed to be \"The Null\", a dimension of chaos, where dead humans are enslaved for eternity by insane, Lovecraftian beings, the most powerful of which is known as \"Mother\". Mother inhabits the body of Mary Fay, transforming her into a grotesque monster, and attempts to kill Jacobs. Jamie shoots Mother with Jacobs' gun, and she leaves Mary's body. Jacobs has a fatal stroke, and Jamie arranges his body to make it look like he shot Mary. Jamie flees the scene and relocates to Hawaii. Later, many of the people cured by Jacobs go insane and kill themselves and others, including Astrid, who kills her partner and herself. Jamie, one of the few survivors of Jacobs' treatments, is left relying heavily on antidepressants. He acknowledges and takes some small comfort in the possibility that the visions were \"lies,\" but the novel ends with Jamie reflecting that no matter what happens, sooner or later he is going to die and end up trapped in The Null under the yoke of Mother. \"Revival\" generally received positive reviews, with many critics noting the book's nods to classics of the horror genre, such as Mary Shelley's \"Frankenstein\", Arthur Machen's \"The Great God Pan\", and the cosmic-horror of H.P. Lovecraft. Danielle Trussoni of the \"New York Times\" described \"Revival\" as \"pure Stephen King ... reading \"Revival\" is experiencing a master storyteller having the time of his life. \" Trussoni noted that the book \"is filled with cultural allusions both high and low:"], "answer": {"text": "She studied at Columbia University's School of General Studies for two years,", "answer_start": 706}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#2", "question": "Did she graduate?", "rewrite": "Did Jacobs graduate?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Charles Jacobs (Louisiana judge)  Edward Charles Jacobs, known as Charles Jacobs (born May 13, 1970), is a lawyer from Springhill, Louisiana, who is one of the six judges, all Republicans except for one vacancy, of the Louisiana 26th Judicial District Court, encompassing neighboring Bossier and Webster parishes in the northwestern corner of his state. Jacobs ran without opposition to succeed the retiring Division D judge, John M. Robinson, in the nonpartisan blanket primary held on November 4, 2014, in conjunction with general elections in the other forty-nine states. Judge Jacobs is the son of Edward Craney Jacobs (born August 1943), the dean emeritus of Liberal Arts and a former professor of English at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston. He received the Bronze Star while serving in the United States Army during the Vietnam War. His mother, the former Karen Rae Langpap (born August 1941), formerly of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, is an English professor at Louisiana Tech. Both of his parents received their terminal degrees from Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, where they resided at the time of Jacobs' birth. Jacobs has three siblings, Elizabeth, Margaret, and Andrew. Andrew Jacobs, a graduate of Louisiana State University and Louisiana State University Law Center in Baton Rouge, has been since 2009 an assistant district attorney for the 26th Judicial District Court. Jacobs is married to the former Melanie Jane McConnell (born November 16, 1971), a special education supervisor for the Webster Parish School Board. She is the daughter of Lynn Williamson McConnell of Norwood in East Feliciana Parish and Robert Morris McConnell (1946-2014), a Louisiana Tech graduate and a banker originally from Clinton, also in East Feliciana Parish in southeastern Louisiana. John Jacobs, the only child of Judge and Mrs. Jacobs, graduated in 2017 from North Webster High School in Springhill, where he was a tennis player. The Jacobses are United Methodists.", "Jessica Jacobs Jessica Madison Jacobs (14 November 1990 \u2013 10 May 2008) was an Australian actress and singer. She was best known for her role as Melanie Atwood in the second series of \"The Saddle Club\". Born in Canberra, Australia, Jessica Jacobs was the middle child of Joanna and Brendan Jacobs and the sister of Adam, Seth and Charlie Jacobs. Jacobs began acting at the age of nine. Jacobs appeared as Marta von Trapp in the Melbourne production of the 1999-2000 Australian stage revival tour of \"The Sound of Music\", taking over from Rachel Marley who had played the role in the opening Sydney production. In addition to The Saddle Club, Jacobs was featured in the television series \"Fergus McPhail\", \"Worst Best Friends\", and \"Holly's Heroes\". Jacobs replaced Marisa Siketa on \"The Saddle Club\" after she left the show to star on \"Neighbours\". Jessica studied ballet and classical violin when she was six years old. Jacobs eventually learned how to play bass guitar. Until her death she was a member of The Volten Sins. Jacobs and released a CD Single for their song \"Trouble\" in 2003. Jacobs was in Year 12 at the time of her death. She was six months away from leaving Sandringham College and getting her Victorian Certificate of Education. Jacobs had planned to move in with older brother Adam and attend Victorian College of the Arts to study bass guitar and establish herself as a musician. Jacobs was a Christian (Anglican Church of Australia). In the months before her death Jacobs took a break from acting to focus on school and music. Jacobs' had been working at a local bakery until the day she died. Prior to her death Jacobs was working on music for series three of \"The Saddle Club\". A year after Jacobs' death, her mother, Joanna Jacobs. founded the Jessica Jacobs School of Drama.", "Klaus Johann Jacobs Klaus Johann Jacobs (3 December 1936 \u2013 11 September 2008) was a German-born billionaire with a Swiss citizenship. He was born on 3 December 1936 in Bremen, Germany. Jacobs attended the University of Hamburg and later Stanford University. He started his career in the global coffee and chocolates industries. In 1962, he became Director of Purchasing and Marketing for the Jacobs AG coffee business. In 1972 he became General Manager of the company. In 1982, the company merged with Interfood to create Jacobs Suchard AG, Europe's number one chocolate and coffee business. In 1990, when the consumer-oriented elements of Jacobs Suchard were sold to Philip Morris, Jacobs created with the non-consumer businesses of Jacobs Suchard a company which is now known as Barry Callebaut. Barry Callebaut is today the world's largest raw chocolate producer. In 1991, Jacobs became also involved with the human resource services industry with the acquisition of Adia Personnel Services where he led the company to a Global Fortune 500 Company following the merger with Ecco in 1996 to form Adecco. The Jacobs Foundation was established by Klaus J. Jacobs in December, 1988, in Zurich, Switzerland. In 2001, the founder surrendered his entire share of the Jacobs Holding AG to the Jacobs Foundation, with an effective value of CHF 1.5 billion (31.12.08 CHF 2.3 billion). The Jacobs Foundation's goal is to contribute to Productive Youth Development by bringing together basic research, application and intervention projects and through dialogue and network building. The Jacobs Foundation supports research and projects worldwide. Klaus J. Jacobs donated EUR 200 million to the Jacobs University Bremen in 2006. He died on 11 September 2008 in K\u00fcsnacht, Switzerland. The Klaus J. Jacobs Research Award honours outstanding achievement in child and youth development and the Klaus J. Jacobs", "Rachel Jacobs Rachel Jacobs (October 3, 1975 \u2013 May 12, 2015) was an American social entrepreneur and CEO of a tech company. She was killed at age 39 in the 2015 Philadelphia train derailment while commuting between her home in New York and the Philadelphia offices of ApprenNet, the educational technology company she had recently joined as CEO. Jacobs grew up in Huntington Woods, Michigan, the daughter of Gilda Jacobs, a former Michigan state senator. She was a 1993 graduate of Berkley High School, a 1997 graduate of Swarthmore College, and a 2002 graduate of Columbia Business School. Jacobs moved to New York City in 2000. Jacobs was CEO of ApprenNet, a video-learning tech company which was cofounded by Karl Okamoto, a law professor at Drexel University. The company \"provides tools for instructors to create video-based learning exercises.\" Before joining ApprenNet, Jacobs worked for the education-technology firm Ascend Learning where she was vice president of business innovation. According to Okamoto, the two met because ApprenNet was doing business with Ascend and Jacobs \"was our customer before she became our colleague.\" In a career \"The Washington Post\" described as \"moving from one big job to the next,\" Jacobs' first job out of business school was as a manager at the Pragma Corporation, based in Kyrgyzstan, where she helped the government develop IT strategies. She next worked for the Eurasia Group, a political risk consultancy. In 2007, Jacobs joined McGraw Hill, where she \"led the expansion of McGraw-Hill's career-learning business into China, India and the Middle East.\"", "Gregory Jacobs  Gregory \"Greg\" Jacobs is an American film director, assistant director, producer, and screenwriter. He has frequently collaborated with several film directors, most notably Steven Soderbergh. Jacobs has also been operating as a director himself, having overseen projects such as \"Criminal\", \"Wind Chill\" and \"Magic Mike XXL\". Jacobs was born and raised in Harrington Park, New Jersey, where he was educated at Northern Valley Regional High School, Old Tappan. Jacobs is the son of Rafael Jacobs, who works as a lawyer, and Marti Jacobs. He has a brother, Douglas Jacobs, who is the president of Integrated Sports Media, a sports firm, located in Hoboken. Jacobs is also a graduate of the Tisch School of the Arts. During a hiatus from the school in 1986, he worked as an assistant director to John Sayles on the independent film \"Matewan\". Jacobs has been active as an assistant director in his career for film directors such as the Coen brothers, Richard Linklater, Sayles, John Schlesinger and Steven Soderbergh. Jacobs first began cooperating with Soderbergh in 1993 on \"King of the Hill\". In 2004, Jacobs released \"Criminal\", his first feature film as a director, which he also wrote the script and helped produce. His second project was \"Wind Chill\", announced in October 2005. It premiered in 2007. In March 2014, it was reported that Jacobs would helm \"Magic Mike XXL\", the sequel to the first film, with Soderbergh acting instead as an executive producer, cinematographer and film editor. For his involvement as one of the producers of \"Behind the Candelabra\", Jacobs won an Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Miniseries or Movie, which he shared along with Jerry Weintraub, Susan Ekins and Michael Polaire."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go to school?", "answer": {"text": "She studied at Columbia University's School of General Studies for two years,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Jacobs' studies, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jessica Jacobs Jessica Madison Jacobs (14 November 1990 \u2013 10 May 2008) was an Australian actress and singer. She was best known for her role as Melanie Atwood in the second series of \"The Saddle Club\". Born in Canberra, Australia, Jessica Jacobs was the middle child of Joanna and Brendan Jacobs and the sister of Adam, Seth and Charlie Jacobs. Jacobs began acting at the age of nine. Jacobs appeared as Marta von Trapp in the Melbourne production of the 1999-2000 Australian stage revival tour of \"The Sound of Music\", taking over from Rachel Marley who had played the role in the opening Sydney production. In addition to The Saddle Club, Jacobs was featured in the television series \"Fergus McPhail\", \"Worst Best Friends\", and \"Holly's Heroes\". Jacobs replaced Marisa Siketa on \"The Saddle Club\" after she left the show to star on \"Neighbours\". Jessica studied ballet and classical violin when she was six years old. Jacobs eventually learned how to play bass guitar. Until her death she was a member of The Volten Sins. Jacobs and released a CD Single for their song \"Trouble\" in 2003. Jacobs was in Year 12 at the time of her death. She was six months away from leaving Sandringham College and getting her Victorian Certificate of Education. Jacobs had planned to move in with older brother Adam and attend Victorian College of the Arts to study bass guitar and establish herself as a musician. Jacobs was a Christian (Anglican Church of Australia). In the months before her death Jacobs took a break from acting to focus on school and music. Jacobs' had been working at a local bakery until the day she died. Prior to her death Jacobs was working on music for series three of \"The Saddle Club\". A year after Jacobs' death, her mother, Joanna Jacobs. founded the Jessica Jacobs School of Drama.", "Paul Jacobs (ice hockey)  Paul Oronhyatekha Jacobs (March 9, 1894 \u2013 May 1, 1973) was a Canadian professional ice hockey and lacrosse player. Jacobs played one game in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Toronto Arenas during the 1918\u201319 NHL season. Jacobs may have been the first aboriginal ice hockey player in the NHL. Jacobs was a resident of the Kahnawake Mohawk Territory, south of Montreal. Jacobs was proficient as a youth playing lacrosse. Photographs exist of Jacobs as a member of the reserve lacrosse team in 1910. Jacobs was also proficient at ice hockey. He is first recorded on a hockey team with Dominion Bridge Company team in the 1912-13 season. Records exist for Jacobs playing for various teams from 1912 through 1916 and from 1917 through 1925, the last recorded team being the amateur Cleveland Ohio Blues of the USAHA. Jacobs' record in the NHL is unclear. Jacobs was invited to the Torontos' training camp in December 1918. Jacobs potentially earned an opening-day roster spot but an announcement in the \"Toronto Globe\" indicated he was returning to the Montreal area instead. Jacobs played several games for the Montreal Stars of the Montreal Hockey League that season. Jacobs is recorded in referee reports for five games for Toronto between December 31 and February 4. However no newspaper reports list Jacobs as being in the lineup for any of those games. He may have been a substitute and did not play. Jacobs is recorded in an Ottawa paper for the opening-day December 23 game, but no other newspaper included Jacobs in the game report. An NHL report for the season records Jacobs as only participating in the December 31 game. US census records for 1930 and 1940 list Jacobs as living in Detroit with his wife Alice.", "Klaus Johann Jacobs Klaus Johann Jacobs (3 December 1936 \u2013 11 September 2008) was a German-born billionaire with a Swiss citizenship. He was born on 3 December 1936 in Bremen, Germany. Jacobs attended the University of Hamburg and later Stanford University. He started his career in the global coffee and chocolates industries. In 1962, he became Director of Purchasing and Marketing for the Jacobs AG coffee business. In 1972 he became General Manager of the company. In 1982, the company merged with Interfood to create Jacobs Suchard AG, Europe's number one chocolate and coffee business. In 1990, when the consumer-oriented elements of Jacobs Suchard were sold to Philip Morris, Jacobs created with the non-consumer businesses of Jacobs Suchard a company which is now known as Barry Callebaut. Barry Callebaut is today the world's largest raw chocolate producer. In 1991, Jacobs became also involved with the human resource services industry with the acquisition of Adia Personnel Services where he led the company to a Global Fortune 500 Company following the merger with Ecco in 1996 to form Adecco. The Jacobs Foundation was established by Klaus J. Jacobs in December, 1988, in Zurich, Switzerland. In 2001, the founder surrendered his entire share of the Jacobs Holding AG to the Jacobs Foundation, with an effective value of CHF 1.5 billion (31.12.08 CHF 2.3 billion). The Jacobs Foundation's goal is to contribute to Productive Youth Development by bringing together basic research, application and intervention projects and through dialogue and network building. The Jacobs Foundation supports research and projects worldwide. Klaus J. Jacobs donated EUR 200 million to the Jacobs University Bremen in 2006. He died on 11 September 2008 in K\u00fcsnacht, Switzerland. The Klaus J. Jacobs Research Award honours outstanding achievement in child and youth development and the Klaus J. Jacobs", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Council of Fashion Designers of America: In Summer 2013, there were 285 Marc Jacobs retail stores (including Marc by Marc Jacobs & Marc Jacobs Collection) in 60 countries. In December 2013, the new Marc Jacobs flagship store opened in Shanghai. In March 2015, Marc Jacobs announced the end of his secondary brand Marc by Marc Jacobs in order to focus on the development of his main label Marc Jacobs and to target to a more luxury-oriented audience. Explaining his clothes, Jacobs has said \"what I prefer is that even if someone feels hedonistic, they don't look it. Curiosity about sex is much more interesting to me than domination. ... My clothes are not hot. Never. Never. \" The audience for his fashion shows typically includes celebrities like Kim Gordon and Vincent Gallo. Guy Trebay, a critic for \"The New York Times\", in response to Oscar de la Renta's comment that a coat designed by Jacobs closely resembled one that de la Renta had designed thirty years earlier, wrote that \"unlike the many brand-name designers who promote the illusion that their output results from a single prodigious creativity, Mr. Jacobs makes no pretense that fashion emerges full blown from the head of one solitary genius\". Jacobs was one of the first fashion designers to establish this \"street wise aesthetics \u2013 a [mash up of] a little preppie, a little grunge, a little couture.\" The Marc Jacobs brand is also known for fine arts driven and avante garde AD campaigns, often featuring a group of cultural icons and artists in lieu of traditional fashion models in minimally staged settings, and photographed by high-profile photographers. In 2015, Jacobs launched a popular lifestyle campaign that featured artists, celebrities, and cultural icons such as Sofia Coppola, Cher, Willow Smith, Winona Ryder, Daisy Lowe, and Anthony Kiedis."], "answer": {"text": "In 1935, during the Great Depression, she moved to New York City with her sister Betty.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go to school?", "answer": {"text": "She studied at Columbia University's School of General Studies for two years,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she graduate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#4", "question": "Why did she move to New York City?", "rewrite": "Why did Jacobs move to New York City?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jacobs had solo and retrospective exhibitions at the Limelight Gallery (1961, Greenwich Village), Walker Art Center (1963, Minneapolis), Washington Irving Gallery (1978, New York City), Oliver Wolcott Library (1990, Litchfield, Connecticut), National Arts Club (1990, New York City), Hotchkiss School Tremaine Art Gallery (2006, Lakeville, Connecticut), and the Litchfield Historical Society (2016, Litchfield, Connecticut). Jacobs' work was also included in the 2007 exhibition, \"Lisette Model and Her Successors,\" at the Aperture Gallery in New York City. In 2006, Pointed Leaf Press published \"My New York\", a monograph of Jacobs' New York City street photographs. One of Jacobs' photographs is currently on view in the exhibition \" Women on View: Aesthetics of Desire in Advertising\" at Galerie 36 in Berlin. In the 1960s, Jacobs branched into filmmaking. He co-wrote and co-produced \"Aroused\" (1966), directed by Anton Holden. Jacobs directed, co-wrote, and co-produced his second film, \"The Minx\" (1969), which starred Jan Sterling and featured an original soundtrack by The Cyrkle. Both films were financially successful, but he left the business to concentrate on Earth Shoes. In 1970, Jacobs and his wife Eleanor founded the Earth Shoe company to sell a negative heel shoe (the heel was lower than the toe) designed by Anna Kals\u00f8 they had discovered while traveling in Copenhagen, Denmark the previous year. Officially opening on April 22, 1970, the first Earth Day, the Jacobs' dubbed the footwear Earth Shoes. The shoes quickly became a popular countercultural symbol of the 1970s. The company expanded to 123 stores to sell the shoes, boots, and sandals, all with the negative heel design, across the United States, Canada, and Europe.", "In 2006, Jacobs started a new line of body-splash fragrances in ten-ounce bottles which are distributed by Coty. First being sold only in perfume boutiques, they have become more and more popular. In 2007 filmmaker Lo\u00efc Prigent released a documentary film about Jacobs entitled \"Marc Jacobs and Louis Vuitton\". In February 2008, Jacobs was accused of plagiarizing a scarf design created in the 1950s by Swedish designer G\u00f6sta Olofsson. Jacobs settled the matter by offering monetary compensation to Olofsson's son. In 2009, Jacobs launched a shirt, sold at his stores, demanding the legalization of gay marriage. In May 2009, Jacobs co-hosted, with fashion model Kate Moss, a \"model and muse\"-themed gala for the New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute. In February 2010, Jacobs sued Ed Hardy for infringing on the designs of one of his embroidered handbags. In the course of the Mercedes-Benz Berlin Fashion Week in July 2011 Jacobs was the patron of the young talent award \"Designer for Tomorrow by Peek & Cloppenburg\". The five finalists were selected by Jacob and the juryboard and received a personal coaching by Jacobs. The juryboard and Jacobs appointed the winner of 2011 during the DfT award show. In August 2011, it was reported that Jacobs may succeed John Galliano as creative director of Christian Dior. According to \"The Daily Telegraph\", Jacobs \"firmly laid to rest rumours that he was to move to Christian Dior\" in January 2012, but rumours prevail. In February 2013, Jacobs was named the new creative director for Diet Coke. In honor of the brand's 30th anniversary, Jacobs would spend one year where he was slated to give the brand a \"stylish and light-hearted\" makeover.", "but none more important than this little book of essays published more than half a century ago.\" As Yale professor Hazel Carby points out, for black writers before the abolition of slavery in 1865, it was impossible \"even to imagine the option of returning to the South once black humanity and freedom had been gained in the North\", and it was rarely found in later literature as well. While the narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs move towards the North and freedom, Du Bois reverses \"the direction of the archetypal journey of these original narratives\" and focuses on the Black Belt of the South. Although the text \"consistently shifts between a predominantly white and a predominantly black world\", in line with Du Bois's concept of double consciousness, \"its overall narrative impulse gradually moves the focus from a white terrain to an autonomous black one.\" Carby traces the ways in which Du Bois gendered his narrative of black folk, but also how Du Bois's conceptual framework is gendered as well. According to Carby, it seems that Du Bois in this book is most concerned with how race and nation intersect, and how such an intersection is based on particular masculine notions of progress. According to Carby, Du Bois \"exposes and exploits the tension that exists between the internal egalitarianism of the nation and the relations of domination and subordination embodied in a racially encoded social hierarchy.\" So Du Bois makes a conceptual argument that racialization is actually compatible with the nation in so far as it creates unified races. However, this unified race is only possible through the gendered narrative that he constructs throughout \"Souls\", which renders black male intellectuals (himself) as the (only possible) leader(s) of the unified race.", "Andrew Jacobs (journalist) Andrew Jacobs is an American correspondent for \"The New York Times\". Jacobs has been based in Beijing, China, since April 2008, covering the country for \"The New York Times\". He is also the director and producer of a 2008 documentary, \"Four Seasons Lodge\". Jacobs, who is Jewish and one of three children, was born in Newark, New Jersey, to Martin G. Jacobs, a nephrologist, and Barbara Jacobs. His sisters are Wendy, a county commissioner in Durham, North Carolina, and Ellen, a psychotherapist in Manhattan, New York City. He grew up in South Orange, New Jersey. He graduated from Columbia High School, and from New York University, where he studied architecture and urban design. In 1989, Jacobs was an English teacher at Hubei University in Wuhan, China. He served as press secretary for Tom Duane during his successful run for the New York City Council in 1991. Jacobs contributed to the Associated Press, \"Village Voice\", and \"New York Newsday\" during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Later, he served as editor of \"Manhattan Spirit\" and \"Our Town\", founded and was news editor of \"QW\" magazine, and edited a number of New York City newsweeklies, including \"The Brooklyn Phoenix\" and \"The Villager\". He began writing for \"The New York Times\" in 1995. He has reported for various \"New York Times\" desks, including National, Business, Culture, and Styles. Since April 2008, he is a \"New York Times \" correspondent in Beijing, China. His writing focuses on Chinese politics, including Uighur-Han Chinese relations, Chen Guangcheng's escape, and the loss of power of Bo Xilai.", "The following year at the Women's Peace Congress held between 12 and 17 May in Zurich, she was one of the featured speakers, just four months before Queen Wilhelmina signed into law women's right to vote. Shortly thereafter, she and her husband helped Aletta Jacobs move to The Hague and provided her with financial support, as she had lost her earnings due to poor investments. For the remainder of her life, Jacobs was financially supported by Palthe-Broese and her family. Once the suffrage fight was won, Palthe-Broese turned her energies toward the peace movement. She became treasurer of the national branch of the WILPF in 1924. That same year, she helped organize the festivities to celebrate Jacob's 70th birthday. When Jacobs died in 1929, Palthe-Broese was designated as her sole heir. She provided a burial space in her family's mausoleum in Loenen op de Veluwe for Jacobs and worked to create a monument in Driehuis to join Jacobs' remains with her husband, Carel Victor Gerritsen's remains. Gerritsen and Jacobs' remains were reinterred at this monument in in 1931. She continued as treasurer of the Dutch branch of the WILPF until 1940. Palthe-Broese died on 11 November 1960 from leukemia and was buried in the Broese family estate of . As Jacobs' heir, Palthe-Broese donated the papers of Aletta Jacobs to Rosa Manus one of the founders of the International Archives for the Women's Movement. The majority of the papers were looted by the Nazis in 1940 and not returned to the Netherlands until a decade after they were rediscovered in a in Russia in 1992. Jacobs' papers now are housed at the Atria Institute in Amsterdam, as are Palthe-Broese's archival records."], "answer": {"text": "Jane Butzner took an immediate liking to Manhattan's Greenwich Village, which did not conform to the city's grid structure.", "answer_start": 88}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go to school?", "answer": {"text": "She studied at Columbia University's School of General Studies for two years,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she graduate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1935, during the Great Depression, she moved to New York City with her sister Betty.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#5", "question": "Did she not like the city's grid structure?", "rewrite": "Did Jacobs not like the city's grid structure?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All version of MODFLOW listed above are constructed on what is called a structured grid. That is, the grid is composed of rectilinear blocks. The only exception is the LGR capability, which allows locally refined grids to be inserted into the structure of a \"parent\" grid. The local area is again composed of rectilinear blocks, but the blocks are smaller. Experimentation with a much more flexible grid structure resulted in the release of MODFLOW-USG (version 1.3.00, December 1, 2015), designed to be adapted to a wide range of grid variations using unstructured grids. MODFLOW-USG was replaced with MODFLOW 6, which provided grid capabilities with and intermediate level of flexibility. MODFLOW 6 (MF6), released in 2017, is the sixth core version of MODFLOW to be released by the USGS. This release is a rewrite of MODFLOW-USG following an object oriented programming paradigm in Fortran, and provides a platform that includes the capabilities from several previous MODFLOW-2005 versions, including MODFLOW-NWT, MODFLOW-USG, and MODFLOW-LGR. There are still features lacking in the current release that are supported in MODFLOW-2005, such as subsidence, and stream flow routing (SFR) only supports rectangular wetted perimeters. The current version is 6.0.4, released March 11, 2019. The names in this table are the labels used to turn MODFLOW capabilities on and off via a key input file. Most capabilities have many alternatives or can be omitted, but the ones related to the BASIC Package are always required. Many of the capabilities introduced are supported in later versions, though the grid change enabled with MODFLOW-USG and MODFLOW 6 meant that such backward compatibility was rather selective.", "Clique-width In graph theory, the clique-width of a graph formula_1 is a parameter that describes the structural complexity of the graph; it is closely related to treewidth, but unlike treewidth it can be bounded even for dense graphs. It is defined as the minimum number of labels needed to construct formula_1 by means of the following 4 operations :   Graphs of bounded clique-width include the cographs and distance-hereditary graphs. Although it is NP-hard to compute the clique-width when it is unbounded, and unknown whether it can be computed in polynomial time when it is bounded , efficient approximation algorithms for the clique-width are known. Based on these algorithms and on Courcelle's theorem, many graph optimization problems that are NP-hard for arbitrary graphs can be solved or approximated quickly on the graphs of bounded clique-width. The construction sequences underlying the concept of clique-width were formulated by Courcelle, Engelfriet, and Rozenberg in 1990 and by . The name \"clique-width\" was used for a different concept by . By 1993, the term already had its present meaning. Cographs are exactly the graphs with clique-width at most 2. Every distance-hereditary graph has clique-width at most 3. However, the clique-width of unit interval graphs is unbounded (based on their grid structure). Similarly, the clique-width of bipartite permutation graphs is unbounded (based on similar grid structure). Based on the characterization of cographs as the graphs without induced subgraph isomorphic to a chordless path with four vertices, the clique-width of many graph classes defined by forbidden induced subgraphs has been classified.", "Oudole\u0148  Oudole\u0148 () is a village and municipality (\"obec\") in Havl\u00ed\u010dk\u016fv Brod District in the Vyso\u010dina Region of the Czech Republic. The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 341 (as at 3 July 2006). Oudole\u0148 lies approximately north-east of Havl\u00ed\u010dk\u016fv Brod, north-east of Jihlava, and south-east of Prague.", "In heavy rain, for example, the light pulses emitted from the lidar system are partially reflected off of rain droplets which adds noise to the data, called 'echoes'. Below mentioned are various approaches of processing lidar data and using it along with data from other sensors through sensor fusion to detect the vehicle environment conditions. In this method, proposed by Philipp Lindner and Gerd Wanielik, laser data is processed using a multidimensional occupancy grid. Data from a four-layer laser is pre-processed at the signal level and then processed at a higher level to extract the features of the obstacles. A combination two- and three-dimensional grid structure is used and the space in these structures is tessellated into several discrete cells. This method allows a huge amount of raw measurement data to be effectively handled by collecting it in spatial containers, the cells of the evidence grid. Each cell is associated with a probability measure that identifies the cell occupation. This probability is calculated by using the range measurement of the lidar sensor obtained over time and a new range measurement, which are related using Bayes' theorem. A two-dimensional grid can observe an obstacle in front of it, but cannot observe the space behind the obstacle. To address this, the unknown state behind the obstacle is assigned a probability of 0.5. By introducing the third dimension or in other terms using a multi-layer laser, the spatial configuration of an object could be mapped into the grid structure to a degree of complexity. This is achieved by transferring the measurement points into a three-dimensional grid. The grid cells which are occupied will possess a probability greater than 0.5 and the mapping would be color-coded based on the probability. The cells that are not occupied will possess a probability less than 0.5 and this area will usually be white space.", "Thus, the load-bearing behaviour and the shape of the membrane cannot be separated and cannot be generally described by simple geometric models only. The membrane shape, the loads on the structure and the internal stresses interact in a non-linear manner to satisfy the equilibrium equations. The preliminary design of tension structures involves the determination of an initial configuration referred to as form finding. In addition to satisfying the equilibrium conditions, the initial configuration must accommodate both architectural (aesthetics) and structural (strength and stability) requirements. Further, the requirements of space and clearance should be met, the membrane principal stresses must be tensile to avoid wrinkling, and the radii of the double-curved surface should be small enough to resist out-of-plane loads and to insure structural stability (work ). Several variations on form finding approaches based on FEM have been developed to assist engineers in the design of tension fabric structures. All of them are based on the same assumption as that used for analysing the behaviour of tension structures under various loads. However, as it is noted by some researchers it might sometimes be preferable to use the so-called \u2018minimal surfaces\u2019 in the design of tension structures. The physical meaning of SGM consists in convergence of the energy of an arbitrary grid structure embedded into rigid (or elastic) 3D contour to minimum that is equivalent to minimum sum distances between arbitrary pairs of grid nodes. It allows the minimum surface energy problem solution substituting for finding grid structure sum energy minimum finding that provides much more plain final algebraic equation system than the usual FEM formulation. The generalized formulation of SGM presupposes a possibility to apply a set of outer forces and rigid or elastic constrains to grid structure nodes that allows the modelling of various outer effects. We may obtain the following expression for such SGM formulation where   Once a satisfactory shape has been found, a cutting pattern may be generated."], "answer": {"text": "The sisters soon moved there from Brooklyn.", "answer_start": 212}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go to school?", "answer": {"text": "She studied at Columbia University's School of General Studies for two years,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she graduate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1935, during the Great Depression, she moved to New York City with her sister Betty.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she move to New York City?", "answer": {"text": "Jane Butzner took an immediate liking to Manhattan's Greenwich Village, which did not conform to the city's grid structure.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#6", "question": "Did she do anything else significant in NYC?", "rewrite": "In addition to having many job careers, did Jacobs do anything else significant in NYC?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Boise City, Jacobs built a grain mill, a packing plant, and a distillery, and he operated a store at the corner of 7th and Main St., one of the first brick buildings in Boise. He served on the city council and was elected mayor for one term in 1879. An early variety of a town clock was operated at Jacobs' mill, with a steam whistle at 6:00am, 12:00pm, and 6:00pm. In 1881 the \"Idaho Statesman\" reported that Jacobs had produced a version of cherry bounce that was \"better than Jaynes' Elixir of Life and will cure a cold, the blues or anything else that goes wrong.\" A proponent of electric streetcar service, Jacobs helped to establish the Boise Rapid Transit Company, and he converted his grain mill into a powerhouse for the company. Jacobs became ill in April, 1893, and he may have suffered a stroke. By August his store and inventory were sold, and his property was attached by creditors. In 1894 he was found incompetent to conduct his business affairs, and Mary Jacobs petitioned and was granted a court appointed guardian for her husband. By 1897 Jacobs was described as \"in a state of complete mental collapse.\" He died June 28, 1900.", "Spider-Girl refers to him as \"Fred\" for most of her series, for simple lack of anything else to call him. In the alternate-reality MAX imprint series \"U.S. War Machine\", Tony Stark announces he is retiring from developing weapons after he and his bodyguard Jim Rhodes, who had piloted the MPI-2100 Mobile Infantry Suit a.k.a. the \"War Machine\" armor, had used lethal force in the defeat of foreign tyrant Doctor Doom's armies. He stated he was mothballing the War Machine armor and presented the SI1-211 \"Iron Man\" as his new bodyguard. Rhodes, however, uses the War Machine armor to fight rogue agents of the terrorist group Advanced Idea Mechanics, and after killing two of them is fired by Stark. Afterward, former War Machine pilot Parnell Jacobs attacks Rhodes at home in an attempt to steal the War Machine armor. After Rhodes defeats Jacobs, Colonel Nick Fury, head of the espionage agency S.H.I.E.L.D., has Rhodes and Jacobs brought in to the agency's headquarters, the Skycarrier. Jacobs reveals that his wife, Glenda Sandoval, was taken hostage by A.I.M., with the promise of release if Jacobs delivered the original War Machine armor. But Jacobs had sold that armor to another terrorist group, HYDRA, to gain money when he learned his wife was pregnant. S.H.I.E.L.D. retrieves the armor from HYDRA and, with the guidance of 12-year-old-genius armament designer \"Scotch\", reverse-engineers its technology to create its own version of the War Machine armor for a planned Special Operations division, dubbed \"U.S. War Machine\", with Rhodes in charge.", "If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Bo -Bo-Bo A Bo-Bo-Bo or Bo\u2032Bo\u2032Bo\u2032 (UIC classification) is a locomotive with three independent two-axle bogies with all axles powered by separate traction motors. In the AAR system, this is simplified to B-B-B. The Bo-Bo-Bo configuration is often used to lower axle weight while keeping lateral forces low compared to a locomotive with two three-axle bogies, thus allowing the locomotive to use lightly laid track, in particular narrow-gauge railways. The arrangement is extensively used on Italian and Japanese railways. Other examples include New Zealand's DJ, EW and EF classes; the Eurotunnel Class 9 locomotives, which were themselves derived from the New Zealand EF class; the Swiss SBB Re 6/6 (Re 620); the Russia Railways EP10, and the South Korean Korail Class 8000. China imported 6K electric locomotive from Japan between 1986 and 1987. The Bo-Bo-Bo design was applied to SS7 series except SS7E. The State Rail Authority of NSW built the last of its 86 Class electric locomotives (8650) in the Bo-Bo-Bo arrangement (called locally a Tri-Bo), but this did not prove successful and it spent long periods out of traffic undergoing repair. The first Italian six-axle electric locomotives, such as the E.626, used a Bo\u2032BoBo\u2032 layout, where the two centre axles were mounted on a rigid frame and only the outer pairs on bogies. This wheel arrangement requires either an articulated frame (becoming a Bo+Bo+Bo arrangement) or else significant side play on the center bogie. The Italian locomotives and New Zealand EW class are articulated, whereas the Eurotunnel and New Zealand EF and DJ class locomotives' central bogies have a lot of sideplay.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics."], "answer": {"text": "She sold articles to the Sunday Herald Tribune, Cue magazine, and Vogue.", "answer_start": 633}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go to school?", "answer": {"text": "She studied at Columbia University's School of General Studies for two years,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she graduate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1935, during the Great Depression, she moved to New York City with her sister Betty.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she move to New York City?", "answer": {"text": "Jane Butzner took an immediate liking to Manhattan's Greenwich Village, which did not conform to the city's grid structure.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she not like the city's grid structure?", "answer": {"text": "The sisters soon moved there from Brooklyn.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db3f378e43934068bdb85f103281e8bc_1_q#7", "question": "Was that her first job in NYC?", "rewrite": "Was selling articles to the Sunday Herald Tribute Jacobs' first job in NYC?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Walker, a former production journalist on both the \"Daily Record\" and \"Scotland on Sunday\" had been with the title since its launch and had served as deputy to Jaspan for five years. Walker took the \"Sunday Herald\" tabloid in November 2005 which brought a temporary uplift in circulation. Sales settled at 58,000 (source: Audit Bureau of Circulations), and readership at 195,000 (source: National Readership Survey). The week before the \"Sunday Herald\" was launched in February 1999, the Barclays' \"Scotland on Sunday\" sold more than 130,000 copies. This has since plummeted to c.46,000, about 50% higher than the circulation (June 2012 ABCs) of the Sunday Herald (26,074 weekly). Walker was behind the launch of the blog site Sundayheraldtalk.com in September 2006.. In April 2006 the \"Sunday Herald\" Scottish political editor, Paul Hutcheon, won both Political Journalist of the Year and Journalist of the Year in the Scottish Press Awards for articles revealing that David McLetchie, leader of the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party, had abused taxpayers' money to pay for taxi fares for legal and party work. Hutcheon made use of the Scottish Freedom of Information Act to establish his case, which ultimately led to McLetchie resigning both as Conservative leader and as a partner in Edinburgh law firm Tods Murray. On 22 May 2011, the paper became the first mainstream UK publication to name a person involved with a super injunction. In \"CTB v News Group Newspapers\" the claimant, a footballer previously known only as CTB, was identified by publishing as its front page an image of Ryan Giggs whose eyes are covered with a black bar which features the word \"censored\".", "Richard Walker (editor)  Richard Walker (born around 1956) is a Scottish journalist who was editor of the \"Sunday Herald\" 1999\u20132015 and who launched \"The National\" in 2014. He was Newsquest's editor of the year in 2014. Walker was born around 1956 and was educated at St Michael's Academy, Kilwinning, Scotland. He then went to Napier College, Edinburgh. In 1990 he became production editor at \"Spectrum\" magazine and worked at the \"Scotland on Sunday\". In 1995 he moved to deputy features editor at the \"Daily Record\". Walker took up the post of deputy editor with the \"Sunday Herald\" when it launched in February 1999. The paper's first editor, Andrew Jaspan left the paper to take up another post in the middle of 2004. In September of that year, Walker was promoted to editor. In November 2005 the \"Sunday Herald\" moved to compact format, the first national quality Scottish Sunday paper to do so. In May 2011, Walker took a bold editorial decision to publish a large picture of Ryan Giggs on the front page, at the time when a controversial Super-injunction had been granted by the English courts. This led to him winning \"Scoop of the year\" at the Scottish Press Awards in 2012. While he was editor the \"Sunday Herald\" took the position of backing Scottish Independence ahead of the referendum held in September 2014, the only UK newspaper title to do so. The paper saw a rise in sales subsequently. In February 2015 he was named editor of the year at Newsquest's annual Excellence Awards held in London, with the \"Sunday Herald\" also named newspaper of the year. In November 2014, \"The National\" launched in Scotland. It was the first daily newspaper in Scotland to support Scottish independence.", "The \"Sunday Herald\" also stated: \"We should point out immediately that we are not accusing the footballer concerned of any misdeed. Whether the allegations against him are true or not has no relevance to this debate. The issue is one of freedom of information and of a growing argument in favour of more restrictive privacy laws.\" Giggs' lawyers had not applied for an interdict (injunction) at the Court of Session in Edinburgh. This meant that the London High Court ruling had no force in Scotland, unless copies of the \"Sunday Herald\" were sold in England or Wales. \" Sunday Herald\" editor Richard Walker indicated to the BBC that the \"Herald\" was not sold in England or Wales, and added that the footballer's name and photo were exclusive to the print edition and had not been posted on the newspaper's website. Dominic Grieve, the Attorney General for England and Wales, said that no legal action was planned against the \"Sunday Herald\". On 23 May 2011, Eady refused a fresh application from \"The Sun\" to lift the injunction and allow CTB to be named. He argued that \"the court's duty remains to try and protect the claimant, and particularly his family, from intrusion and harassment so long as it can.\" \"The Sun\" had argued that the injunction was \"futile\" given the level of knowledge of the footballer's name. The same afternoon, Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament John Hemming spoke in the House of Commons and used parliamentary privilege to name Ryan Giggs as the footballer CTB. A second attempt by \"The Sun\" to overturn the injunction later in the day was rejected by Mr Justice Tugendhat, who argued \"this is not about secrecy, this is about intrusion.\"", "Sunday Herald The Sunday Herald was a Scottish Sunday newspaper, published between 7 February 1999 and 2 September 2018. Originally a broadsheet, it was published in compact format from 20 November 2005. The paper was known for having combined a centre-left stance with support for Scottish devolution, and later Scottish independence. The last edition of the newspaper was published on 2 September 2018 and was replaced with Sunday editions of \"The Herald\" and \"The National\"\". In July 2012, the decision was made by the newspapers' publishers to classify the Sunday Herald as a regional instead of a national title. Between July and December 2013, the \"Sunday Herald\" sold an average of 23,907 copies, down 7.5% on the 12 months previous. After declaring support for Scottish independence, The \"Sunday Herald\" received a huge increase in sales, with circulation in September 2014 up 111% year on year. By 2017 circulation had fallen significantly to 18,387 and in August 2018 staff were told they would now be expected to work on the Glasgow Herald too, with the potential for the two titles to be combined at some point in the future. In early 1998 the Scottish Media Group (SMG), then led by chairman Gus Macdonald, decided to create a Sunday sister for its existing national morning title \"The Herald\", because the Glasgow-based media group was losing advertising revenue to rival newspaper publishers every Sunday. In March 1998 the media company's board appointed Andrew Jaspan, then the publisher and managing director of \"The Big Issue\" and a former editor of \"Scotland on Sunday\", \"The Scotsman\" and \"The Observer\" to examine the business case for launching a new Sunday title. In October 1998 SMG (now known as STV Group plc), which also owns the broadcaster STV, committed to putting \u00a310 million behind the new paper's launch.", "The following year, its print edition dropped below 10,000, and was being outsold by every Scottish regional daily newspaper with the exception of the \"Paisley Daily Express\". The \"Sunday National\" was launched as a Sunday edition on 9 September 2018. \"The National\" describes itself as \"the newspaper that supports an independent Scotland\", and has a masthead depicting a map of Scotland. This had to be hastily redesigned for the second issue after it was pointed out that Shetland was missing from the map on the first edition. Details of the newspaper were revealed on 21 November 2014 after \"The Guardian\" obtained a copy of a letter being circulated to retailers by Newsquest announcing its forthcoming publication. A sister paper of \"The Herald\" and the \"Sunday Herald\", \"The National\" would be the first daily newspaper in Scotland to support Scottish independence, and was being piloted in response to a request from \"Herald\" readers for a pro-independence newspaper. During the 2014 independence referendum, the \"Sunday Herald\" had been the only newspaper to support the \"Yes\" campaign, and saw an increase in its circulation\u2014with sales rising by 60% in the week preceding the referendum and 111% in the week afterwards. Richard Walker, editor of the \"Sunday Herald\", was announced as the new paper's editor. On 22 November, Walker told a gathering of Scottish National Party (SNP) supporters assembled at Glasgow's SSE Hydro that \"The National\"s publishers would trial the newspaper for five days, but that it would become a permanent addition to the market if there was demand for it. Copies would cost 50p, while an online version would also be available via subscription. The paper was launched with an initial print-run of 60,000, and was edited by a skeleton staff during the trial run, with plans to employ more journalists if it became a permanent publication."], "answer": {"text": "Her first job was for a trade magazine as a secretary, then an editor.", "answer_start": 562}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Jacobs do in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "During her early years in the city, Jacobs held a variety of jobs working as a stenographer and freelance writer, writing about working districts in the city.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go to school?", "answer": {"text": "She studied at Columbia University's School of General Studies for two years,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she graduate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1935, during the Great Depression, she moved to New York City with her sister Betty.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she move to New York City?", "answer": {"text": "Jane Butzner took an immediate liking to Manhattan's Greenwich Village, which did not conform to the city's grid structure.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she not like the city's grid structure?", "answer": {"text": "The sisters soon moved there from Brooklyn.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do anything else significant in NYC?", "answer": {"text": "She sold articles to the Sunday Herald Tribune, Cue magazine, and Vogue.", "answer_start": 633, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e7b6b8a788d4862a61f5b8a74236d02_1_q#0", "question": "How does Bill Robinson relate to Shirley Temple?", "rewrite": "How does Bill Robinson relate to Shirley Temple?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shirley Temple's Storybook Shirley Temple's Storybook is an American children's anthology series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. The series features adaptations of fairy tales like Mother Goose and other family-oriented stories performed by well-known actors, although one episode, an adaptation of \"The House of the Seven Gables\", was meant for older youngsters. The first season of sixteen black-and-white and colored episodes aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958 as \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\". Thirteen episodes of the first season re-ran on ABC beginning on January 12, 1959. The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format that it had under its original title. Temple's three children made their acting debuts in the last episode of the first season, \"Mother Goose\". When a stagehand began swearing during a \"Mother Goose\" rehearsal, Temple had him fired, telling the stunned cast it was a children's show\u2013although no children were present during the rehearsal. Three of the first season episodes were done live, and each of the three took ten days of preparation. Temple read each script and made suggestions for improvement if necessary. Random House published three fairy tale collections under Temple's name based on the first season: \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\" (the complete season, except for \"Hiawatha\" and \"Mother Goose,\" and including one additional story, \"The Valiant Little Tailor\"), \"Shirley Temple's Fairyland\" (selections from the first season), and \"Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old\" (selections from the first season).", "Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in Her Time Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in Her Time (or Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of Contemporary Cinema), also known as the Barcelona Sphinx, is a 1939 artwork in gouache, pastel and collage on cardboard, by surrealist painter Salvador Dal\u00ed. It measures . It is housed in the Netherlands, at Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam's principal art gallery. The painting depicts the child star Shirley Temple as a sphinx. Shirley Temple's head, taken from a newspaper photograph, is superimposed on the body of a red lioness with breasts and white claws. On top of the head is a vampire bat. Surrounding the sphinx are a human skull and other bones, suggesting her latest kill. At the bottom of the painting is a trompe-l'\u0153il label that reads: \"Shirley!. at last in Technicolor. \" The painting has been described as a satire on the sexualization of child stars by Hollywood. The painting was first shown at an exhibition held at the Julien Levy Gallery, New York, from March 21 to April 18, 1939 (although the exhibition catalogue does not mention the painting, an article in the \"New York Times\" mentions its presence). It has also been exhibited in 1983 at the Palau Reial de Pedralbes in Barcelona, in 1985 at the Palais des Beaux Arts in Charleroi, and again in Barcelona in 2004, at the CaixaForum gallery. From June 1 to September 9, 2007 it was one of around 100 Dal\u00ed works on display at the Tate Modern in London as part of the \"Dal\u00ed and Film\" exhibition.", "The Littlest Rebel The Littlest Rebel is a 1935 American dramatic film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by Edwin J. Burke was adapted from a play of the same name by Edward Peple and focuses on the tribulations of a plantation-owning family during the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, John Boles, and Karen Morley, as the plantation family and Bill Robinson as their slave with Jack Holt as a Union officer. The film was well received, and, in tandem with the Temple vehicle \"Curly Top\", was listed as one of the top box office draws of 1935 by \"Variety\". The film was the second of four cinematic pairings of Temple and Robinson. In 2009, the film was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. In 1861 in the Old South, Virgie Cary (Shirley Temple) is celebrating her sixth birthday in the ballroom of the family plantation. A family slave, Uncle Billy (Bill Robinson), dances for her party guests, but the celebration is brought abruptly to an end when a messenger arrives with news of the assault on Fort Sumter and a declaration of war. Virgie's father (John Boles) is ordered to the Armory with horse and side-arms. He becomes a scout for the Confederate Army, crossing enemy lines to gather information. On these expeditions, he sometimes briefly visits his family at their plantation behind Union lines. One day, Colonel Morrison (Jack Holt), a Union officer, arrives at the Cary plantation looking for Virgie's father. Virgie defies him, hitting him with a pebble from her slingshot and singing \"Dixie\". After Morrison leaves, Cary arrives to visit his family but quickly departs when slaves warn of approaching Union troops. Led by the brutal Sgt.", "The Little Colonel (1935 film) The Little Colonel is a 1935 American comedy drama film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by William M. Conselman was adapted from the children's novel of the same name by Annie Fellows Johnston, originally published in 1895. It focuses on the reconciliation of an estranged father and daughter in the years following the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, Lionel Barrymore, Evelyn Venable, John Lodge, Bill Robinson, and Hattie McDaniel. \"The Little Colonel\" was the first of four cinematic pairings between Temple and Robinson, and features the duo's famous staircase tap dance. The film was well received, and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. Shortly after the American Civil War, southern belle Elizabeth Lloyd (Evelyn Venable) marries a northerner, Jack Sherman (John Lodge). Her father Colonel Lloyd (Lionel Barrymore) disowns her in anger and retaliation. Elizabeth and Jack move west where they become parents of a girl they name Lloyd Sherman (Shirley Temple). Six years later, Lloyd Sherman is made an honorary colonel in the Army. Elizabeth returns to the south with little Lloyd and settles in a cottage near Colonel Lloyd\u2019s mansion while her husband Jack remains in the west prospecting for gold. When Colonel Lloyd discovers his daughter living in the neighborhood, he treats her with disdain. Little Lloyd learns of her parents\u2019 past from housekeeper Mom Beck (Hattie McDaniel), and, when she meets her grandfather for the first time, throws mud at him. The two eventually become contentious friends. Elizabeth\u2019s husband returns from the west with a fever.", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm is a 1938 American musical comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Shirley Temple, Randolph Scott, and Bill Robinson. The screenplay by Don Ettlinger and Karl Tunberg is loosely based on Kate Douglas Wiggin's novel \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\". This is the second of three films in which Shirley Temple and Randolph Scott appeared together; the others were \"To the Last Man\" (1933) and \"Susannah of the Mounties\" (1939). The film tells the story of a talented orphan's trials and tribulations after winning a radio audition to represent a breakfast cereal. Highlights include Temple singing a medley of her hit tunes and dancing with Bill Robinson on a flight of stairs. The film was well received by \"Variety\", and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD. \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" film versions were made in \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1917) starring Mary Pickford; \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1932) starring Marian Nixon. Rebecca Winstead (Shirley Temple), a musically talented orphan, is under the guardianship of her stepfather Harry Kipper (William Demarest). She auditions for the radio role of Little Miss America and wins it, but leaves the studio believing she lost it. Kipper regards her as a loser and a burden, and dumps her on the farm of her Aunt Miranda. Tony Kent, the radio advertising executive who approved Rebecca for the role of Little Miss America, lives next door to Miranda. He recognizes Rebecca, and asks Miranda's permission to feature Rebecca on his radio show. When Aunt Miranda (Helen Westley) refuses to allow Rebecca to associate with show people, Kent broadcasts secretly from his house with Rebecca joining him on the sly."], "answer": {"text": "it was decided that he would perform his famous stair dance with Temple.", "answer_start": 1356}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6e7b6b8a788d4862a61f5b8a74236d02_1_q#1", "question": "What did they perform in?", "rewrite": "What did Bill Robinson and Shirley Temple perform in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Makkal Kural Makkal Kural is a Tamil daily newspaper, started in 1973 by M Shanmugavel. This evening paper was famous for its explosive stand against Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) rule in Tamil Nadu at that time. The firebrand editorials of Shanmugavel and T. R. Ramaswamy were historic at that time. On seeing the popularity of this newspaper M. G. Ramachandran (who had launched his own political party All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) to cross swords with DMK) patronised \"Makkal Kural\" and that led to the popularity of this newspaper in every village in Tamil Nadu. \"Makkal Kural\" was the first in South India to install computerised DTP in the late 1980s. In 1995 this group also started an English language evening paper, the \"Trinity Mirror\".", "Shirley Temple's Storybook Shirley Temple's Storybook is an American children's anthology series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. The series features adaptations of fairy tales like Mother Goose and other family-oriented stories performed by well-known actors, although one episode, an adaptation of \"The House of the Seven Gables\", was meant for older youngsters. The first season of sixteen black-and-white and colored episodes aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958 as \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\". Thirteen episodes of the first season re-ran on ABC beginning on January 12, 1959. The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format that it had under its original title. Temple's three children made their acting debuts in the last episode of the first season, \"Mother Goose\". When a stagehand began swearing during a \"Mother Goose\" rehearsal, Temple had him fired, telling the stunned cast it was a children's show\u2013although no children were present during the rehearsal. Three of the first season episodes were done live, and each of the three took ten days of preparation. Temple read each script and made suggestions for improvement if necessary. Random House published three fairy tale collections under Temple's name based on the first season: \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\" (the complete season, except for \"Hiawatha\" and \"Mother Goose,\" and including one additional story, \"The Valiant Little Tailor\"), \"Shirley Temple's Fairyland\" (selections from the first season), and \"Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old\" (selections from the first season).", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm is a 1938 American musical comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Shirley Temple, Randolph Scott, and Bill Robinson. The screenplay by Don Ettlinger and Karl Tunberg is loosely based on Kate Douglas Wiggin's novel \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\". This is the second of three films in which Shirley Temple and Randolph Scott appeared together; the others were \"To the Last Man\" (1933) and \"Susannah of the Mounties\" (1939). The film tells the story of a talented orphan's trials and tribulations after winning a radio audition to represent a breakfast cereal. Highlights include Temple singing a medley of her hit tunes and dancing with Bill Robinson on a flight of stairs. The film was well received by \"Variety\", and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD. \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" film versions were made in \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1917) starring Mary Pickford; \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1932) starring Marian Nixon. Rebecca Winstead (Shirley Temple), a musically talented orphan, is under the guardianship of her stepfather Harry Kipper (William Demarest). She auditions for the radio role of Little Miss America and wins it, but leaves the studio believing she lost it. Kipper regards her as a loser and a burden, and dumps her on the farm of her Aunt Miranda. Tony Kent, the radio advertising executive who approved Rebecca for the role of Little Miss America, lives next door to Miranda. He recognizes Rebecca, and asks Miranda's permission to feature Rebecca on his radio show. When Aunt Miranda (Helen Westley) refuses to allow Rebecca to associate with show people, Kent broadcasts secretly from his house with Rebecca joining him on the sly.", "The Littlest Rebel The Littlest Rebel is a 1935 American dramatic film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by Edwin J. Burke was adapted from a play of the same name by Edward Peple and focuses on the tribulations of a plantation-owning family during the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, John Boles, and Karen Morley, as the plantation family and Bill Robinson as their slave with Jack Holt as a Union officer. The film was well received, and, in tandem with the Temple vehicle \"Curly Top\", was listed as one of the top box office draws of 1935 by \"Variety\". The film was the second of four cinematic pairings of Temple and Robinson. In 2009, the film was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. In 1861 in the Old South, Virgie Cary (Shirley Temple) is celebrating her sixth birthday in the ballroom of the family plantation. A family slave, Uncle Billy (Bill Robinson), dances for her party guests, but the celebration is brought abruptly to an end when a messenger arrives with news of the assault on Fort Sumter and a declaration of war. Virgie's father (John Boles) is ordered to the Armory with horse and side-arms. He becomes a scout for the Confederate Army, crossing enemy lines to gather information. On these expeditions, he sometimes briefly visits his family at their plantation behind Union lines. One day, Colonel Morrison (Jack Holt), a Union officer, arrives at the Cary plantation looking for Virgie's father. Virgie defies him, hitting him with a pebble from her slingshot and singing \"Dixie\". After Morrison leaves, Cary arrives to visit his family but quickly departs when slaves warn of approaching Union troops. Led by the brutal Sgt.", "The Little Colonel (1935 film) The Little Colonel is a 1935 American comedy drama film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by William M. Conselman was adapted from the children's novel of the same name by Annie Fellows Johnston, originally published in 1895. It focuses on the reconciliation of an estranged father and daughter in the years following the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, Lionel Barrymore, Evelyn Venable, John Lodge, Bill Robinson, and Hattie McDaniel. \"The Little Colonel\" was the first of four cinematic pairings between Temple and Robinson, and features the duo's famous staircase tap dance. The film was well received, and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. Shortly after the American Civil War, southern belle Elizabeth Lloyd (Evelyn Venable) marries a northerner, Jack Sherman (John Lodge). Her father Colonel Lloyd (Lionel Barrymore) disowns her in anger and retaliation. Elizabeth and Jack move west where they become parents of a girl they name Lloyd Sherman (Shirley Temple). Six years later, Lloyd Sherman is made an honorary colonel in the Army. Elizabeth returns to the south with little Lloyd and settles in a cottage near Colonel Lloyd\u2019s mansion while her husband Jack remains in the west prospecting for gold. When Colonel Lloyd discovers his daughter living in the neighborhood, he treats her with disdain. Little Lloyd learns of her parents\u2019 past from housekeeper Mom Beck (Hattie McDaniel), and, when she meets her grandfather for the first time, throws mud at him. The two eventually become contentious friends. Elizabeth\u2019s husband returns from the west with a fever."], "answer": {"text": "While Robinson liked the idea, he quickly realized that he could not teach his complex stair dance to a seven-year-old in the few days permitted by the shooting schedule.", "answer_start": 1429}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Bill Robinson relate to Shirley Temple?", "answer": {"text": "it was decided that he would perform his famous stair dance with Temple.", "answer_start": 1356, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e7b6b8a788d4862a61f5b8a74236d02_1_q#2", "question": "Was this the only interactions they had?", "rewrite": "Was the stair dance the only interaction Bill Robinson and Shirley Temple had?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Littlest Rebel The Littlest Rebel is a 1935 American dramatic film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by Edwin J. Burke was adapted from a play of the same name by Edward Peple and focuses on the tribulations of a plantation-owning family during the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, John Boles, and Karen Morley, as the plantation family and Bill Robinson as their slave with Jack Holt as a Union officer. The film was well received, and, in tandem with the Temple vehicle \"Curly Top\", was listed as one of the top box office draws of 1935 by \"Variety\". The film was the second of four cinematic pairings of Temple and Robinson. In 2009, the film was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. In 1861 in the Old South, Virgie Cary (Shirley Temple) is celebrating her sixth birthday in the ballroom of the family plantation. A family slave, Uncle Billy (Bill Robinson), dances for her party guests, but the celebration is brought abruptly to an end when a messenger arrives with news of the assault on Fort Sumter and a declaration of war. Virgie's father (John Boles) is ordered to the Armory with horse and side-arms. He becomes a scout for the Confederate Army, crossing enemy lines to gather information. On these expeditions, he sometimes briefly visits his family at their plantation behind Union lines. One day, Colonel Morrison (Jack Holt), a Union officer, arrives at the Cary plantation looking for Virgie's father. Virgie defies him, hitting him with a pebble from her slingshot and singing \"Dixie\". After Morrison leaves, Cary arrives to visit his family but quickly departs when slaves warn of approaching Union troops. Led by the brutal Sgt.", "The Little Colonel (1935 film) The Little Colonel is a 1935 American comedy drama film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by William M. Conselman was adapted from the children's novel of the same name by Annie Fellows Johnston, originally published in 1895. It focuses on the reconciliation of an estranged father and daughter in the years following the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, Lionel Barrymore, Evelyn Venable, John Lodge, Bill Robinson, and Hattie McDaniel. \"The Little Colonel\" was the first of four cinematic pairings between Temple and Robinson, and features the duo's famous staircase tap dance. The film was well received, and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. Shortly after the American Civil War, southern belle Elizabeth Lloyd (Evelyn Venable) marries a northerner, Jack Sherman (John Lodge). Her father Colonel Lloyd (Lionel Barrymore) disowns her in anger and retaliation. Elizabeth and Jack move west where they become parents of a girl they name Lloyd Sherman (Shirley Temple). Six years later, Lloyd Sherman is made an honorary colonel in the Army. Elizabeth returns to the south with little Lloyd and settles in a cottage near Colonel Lloyd\u2019s mansion while her husband Jack remains in the west prospecting for gold. When Colonel Lloyd discovers his daughter living in the neighborhood, he treats her with disdain. Little Lloyd learns of her parents\u2019 past from housekeeper Mom Beck (Hattie McDaniel), and, when she meets her grandfather for the first time, throws mud at him. The two eventually become contentious friends. Elizabeth\u2019s husband returns from the west with a fever.", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm is a 1938 American musical comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Shirley Temple, Randolph Scott, and Bill Robinson. The screenplay by Don Ettlinger and Karl Tunberg is loosely based on Kate Douglas Wiggin's novel \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\". This is the second of three films in which Shirley Temple and Randolph Scott appeared together; the others were \"To the Last Man\" (1933) and \"Susannah of the Mounties\" (1939). The film tells the story of a talented orphan's trials and tribulations after winning a radio audition to represent a breakfast cereal. Highlights include Temple singing a medley of her hit tunes and dancing with Bill Robinson on a flight of stairs. The film was well received by \"Variety\", and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD. \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" film versions were made in \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1917) starring Mary Pickford; \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1932) starring Marian Nixon. Rebecca Winstead (Shirley Temple), a musically talented orphan, is under the guardianship of her stepfather Harry Kipper (William Demarest). She auditions for the radio role of Little Miss America and wins it, but leaves the studio believing she lost it. Kipper regards her as a loser and a burden, and dumps her on the farm of her Aunt Miranda. Tony Kent, the radio advertising executive who approved Rebecca for the role of Little Miss America, lives next door to Miranda. He recognizes Rebecca, and asks Miranda's permission to feature Rebecca on his radio show. When Aunt Miranda (Helen Westley) refuses to allow Rebecca to associate with show people, Kent broadcasts secretly from his house with Rebecca joining him on the sly.", "The idea for bringing a black dancer to Fox to star with Temple in The Little Colonel was actually first proposed by Fox head Winfield Sheehan after a discussion with D. W. Griffith. Sheehan set his sights on Robinson but, unsure of his ability as an actor, arranged for a contract that was void if Robinson failed the dramatic test. Robinson passed the test and was brought in to both star with Temple and to teach her tap dancing. They quickly hit it off, as Temple recounted years later:  Robinson walked a step ahead of us, but when he noticed me hurrying to catch up, he shortened his stride to accommodate mine. I kept reaching up for his hand, but he hadn't looked down and seemed unaware. Fannie called his attention to what I was doing, so he stopped short, bent low over me, his eyes wide and rows of brilliant teeth showing in a wide smile. When he took my hand in his, it felt large and cool. For a few moments, we continued walking in silence. \"Can I call you Uncle Billy?\" I asked. \"Why sure you can\", he replied... \"But then I get to call you darlin.'\" It was a deal. From then on, whenever we walked together it was hand in hand, and I was always his \"darlin.'\" Temple had already appeared in five films released in 1934, and had performed a tap routine with James Dunn in Stand Up and Cheer! After Robinson was signed by 20th Century Fox, it was decided that he would perform his famous stair dance with Temple. While Robinson liked the idea, he quickly realized that he could not teach his complex stair dance to a seven-year-old in the few days permitted by the shooting schedule. Instead, he taught Temple to kick the riser (face) of each stairstep with her toe.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook Shirley Temple's Storybook is an American children's anthology series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. The series features adaptations of fairy tales like Mother Goose and other family-oriented stories performed by well-known actors, although one episode, an adaptation of \"The House of the Seven Gables\", was meant for older youngsters. The first season of sixteen black-and-white and colored episodes aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958 as \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\". Thirteen episodes of the first season re-ran on ABC beginning on January 12, 1959. The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format that it had under its original title. Temple's three children made their acting debuts in the last episode of the first season, \"Mother Goose\". When a stagehand began swearing during a \"Mother Goose\" rehearsal, Temple had him fired, telling the stunned cast it was a children's show\u2013although no children were present during the rehearsal. Three of the first season episodes were done live, and each of the three took ten days of preparation. Temple read each script and made suggestions for improvement if necessary. Random House published three fairy tale collections under Temple's name based on the first season: \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\" (the complete season, except for \"Hiawatha\" and \"Mother Goose,\" and including one additional story, \"The Valiant Little Tailor\"), \"Shirley Temple's Fairyland\" (selections from the first season), and \"Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old\" (selections from the first season)."], "answer": {"text": "Robinson and Temple became the first interracial dance partners in Hollywood history.", "answer_start": 206}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Bill Robinson relate to Shirley Temple?", "answer": {"text": "it was decided that he would perform his famous stair dance with Temple.", "answer_start": 1356, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they perform in?", "answer": {"text": "While Robinson liked the idea, he quickly realized that he could not teach his complex stair dance to a seven-year-old in the few days permitted by the shooting schedule.", "answer_start": 1429, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6e7b6b8a788d4862a61f5b8a74236d02_1_q#3", "question": "How old was Robinson when he and Temple worked together?", "rewrite": "How old was Bill Robinson when Bill and Shirley Temple worked together?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Littlest Rebel The Littlest Rebel is a 1935 American dramatic film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by Edwin J. Burke was adapted from a play of the same name by Edward Peple and focuses on the tribulations of a plantation-owning family during the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, John Boles, and Karen Morley, as the plantation family and Bill Robinson as their slave with Jack Holt as a Union officer. The film was well received, and, in tandem with the Temple vehicle \"Curly Top\", was listed as one of the top box office draws of 1935 by \"Variety\". The film was the second of four cinematic pairings of Temple and Robinson. In 2009, the film was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. In 1861 in the Old South, Virgie Cary (Shirley Temple) is celebrating her sixth birthday in the ballroom of the family plantation. A family slave, Uncle Billy (Bill Robinson), dances for her party guests, but the celebration is brought abruptly to an end when a messenger arrives with news of the assault on Fort Sumter and a declaration of war. Virgie's father (John Boles) is ordered to the Armory with horse and side-arms. He becomes a scout for the Confederate Army, crossing enemy lines to gather information. On these expeditions, he sometimes briefly visits his family at their plantation behind Union lines. One day, Colonel Morrison (Jack Holt), a Union officer, arrives at the Cary plantation looking for Virgie's father. Virgie defies him, hitting him with a pebble from her slingshot and singing \"Dixie\". After Morrison leaves, Cary arrives to visit his family but quickly departs when slaves warn of approaching Union troops. Led by the brutal Sgt.", "Shirley Temple's Storybook Shirley Temple's Storybook is an American children's anthology series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. The series features adaptations of fairy tales like Mother Goose and other family-oriented stories performed by well-known actors, although one episode, an adaptation of \"The House of the Seven Gables\", was meant for older youngsters. The first season of sixteen black-and-white and colored episodes aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958 as \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\". Thirteen episodes of the first season re-ran on ABC beginning on January 12, 1959. The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format that it had under its original title. Temple's three children made their acting debuts in the last episode of the first season, \"Mother Goose\". When a stagehand began swearing during a \"Mother Goose\" rehearsal, Temple had him fired, telling the stunned cast it was a children's show\u2013although no children were present during the rehearsal. Three of the first season episodes were done live, and each of the three took ten days of preparation. Temple read each script and made suggestions for improvement if necessary. Random House published three fairy tale collections under Temple's name based on the first season: \"Shirley Temple's Storybook\" (the complete season, except for \"Hiawatha\" and \"Mother Goose,\" and including one additional story, \"The Valiant Little Tailor\"), \"Shirley Temple's Fairyland\" (selections from the first season), and \"Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old\" (selections from the first season).", "The Little Colonel (1935 film) The Little Colonel is a 1935 American comedy drama film directed by David Butler. The screenplay by William M. Conselman was adapted from the children's novel of the same name by Annie Fellows Johnston, originally published in 1895. It focuses on the reconciliation of an estranged father and daughter in the years following the American Civil War. The film stars Shirley Temple, Lionel Barrymore, Evelyn Venable, John Lodge, Bill Robinson, and Hattie McDaniel. \"The Little Colonel\" was the first of four cinematic pairings between Temple and Robinson, and features the duo's famous staircase tap dance. The film was well received, and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD in both black-and-white and computer-colorized versions. Shortly after the American Civil War, southern belle Elizabeth Lloyd (Evelyn Venable) marries a northerner, Jack Sherman (John Lodge). Her father Colonel Lloyd (Lionel Barrymore) disowns her in anger and retaliation. Elizabeth and Jack move west where they become parents of a girl they name Lloyd Sherman (Shirley Temple). Six years later, Lloyd Sherman is made an honorary colonel in the Army. Elizabeth returns to the south with little Lloyd and settles in a cottage near Colonel Lloyd\u2019s mansion while her husband Jack remains in the west prospecting for gold. When Colonel Lloyd discovers his daughter living in the neighborhood, he treats her with disdain. Little Lloyd learns of her parents\u2019 past from housekeeper Mom Beck (Hattie McDaniel), and, when she meets her grandfather for the first time, throws mud at him. The two eventually become contentious friends. Elizabeth\u2019s husband returns from the west with a fever.", "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm (1938 film) Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm is a 1938 American musical comedy film directed by Allan Dwan and starring Shirley Temple, Randolph Scott, and Bill Robinson. The screenplay by Don Ettlinger and Karl Tunberg is loosely based on Kate Douglas Wiggin's novel \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\". This is the second of three films in which Shirley Temple and Randolph Scott appeared together; the others were \"To the Last Man\" (1933) and \"Susannah of the Mounties\" (1939). The film tells the story of a talented orphan's trials and tribulations after winning a radio audition to represent a breakfast cereal. Highlights include Temple singing a medley of her hit tunes and dancing with Bill Robinson on a flight of stairs. The film was well received by \"Variety\", and, in 2009, was available on videocassette and DVD. \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" film versions were made in \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1917) starring Mary Pickford; \"Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm\" (1932) starring Marian Nixon. Rebecca Winstead (Shirley Temple), a musically talented orphan, is under the guardianship of her stepfather Harry Kipper (William Demarest). She auditions for the radio role of Little Miss America and wins it, but leaves the studio believing she lost it. Kipper regards her as a loser and a burden, and dumps her on the farm of her Aunt Miranda. Tony Kent, the radio advertising executive who approved Rebecca for the role of Little Miss America, lives next door to Miranda. He recognizes Rebecca, and asks Miranda's permission to feature Rebecca on his radio show. When Aunt Miranda (Helen Westley) refuses to allow Rebecca to associate with show people, Kent broadcasts secretly from his house with Rebecca joining him on the sly.", "Bill Robinson (rugby league)  William \"Bill\" Robinson (8 August 1934 \u2013 5 December 2005) was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, and at club level for Leigh (Heritage \u2116 634), and Parramatta Eels (Heritage \u2116 261), as a , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums. Bill Robinson was born in Wigan, Lancashire, England, and he died aged 71 in Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan, Greater Manchester, England. Bill Robinson won caps for Great Britain while at Leigh in the 42-4 victory over France at Central Park, Wigan on Wednesday 3 April 1963, and the 12-50 defeat by Australia at Station Road, Swinton on Saturday 9 November 1963. Bill Robinson played in Leigh's 26\u20139 victory over Widnes in the 1955 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1955\u201356 season at Central Park, Wigan on Saturday 15 October 1955, and played left-, i.e. number 8, in Leigh's 4-15 defeat by St. Helens in the 1963 Lancashire County Cup Final during the 1963\u201364 season at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Saturday 26 October 1963."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Bill Robinson relate to Shirley Temple?", "answer": {"text": "it was decided that he would perform his famous stair dance with Temple.", "answer_start": 1356, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they perform in?", "answer": {"text": "While Robinson liked the idea, he quickly realized that he could not teach his complex stair dance to a seven-year-old in the few days permitted by the shooting schedule.", "answer_start": 1429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only interactions they had?", "answer": {"text": "Robinson and Temple became the first interracial dance partners in Hollywood history.", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7427c320c6534a9091238202c90e2d81_1_q#0", "question": "Who were Laurence Olivier's parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Laurence Olivier's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Warner Bros. Directed by Lewis Gilbert, it was shot mostly on location in Prague and was based on the true story of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. Stanley prepared a Warner Bros. project about the Entebbe Raid in Israel, but the project ended up being shelved and was never made. Stanley was quoted as saying:   An Israeli government spokesperson said this was not the case, and that they helped as much as possible. It was on this project that Stanley first met Franklin J. Schaffner, whom he would go on to work with on three other films, including \"The Boys from Brazil\" and \"Sphinx\". 1976 saw the release of Academy Award-nominated \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\", on which Stanley was associate producer. It was received well by critics, Variety said it was \"\"an outstanding film\"\" and Rotten Tomatoes give it a 90% rating. Schaffner's \"The Boys from Brazil\", released in 1978, based on Ira Levin's best-selling novel, starred Sir Laurence Olivier, Gregory Peck and James Mason. It was the story of Joseph Mengele's (played by Gregory Peck) attempt to resurrect Adolf Hitler through cloning, and attempts made by Nazi hunter Ezra Leiberman (played by Sir Laurence Olivier) to stop him. The film was shot in various locations including Vienna, Austria, Shepperton Studios, England, Portugal and the US. A close friend of Stanley's was Sir Laurence Olivier, who appeared in two of his films. On 5 December 1977, Franklin J. Schaffner, Sir Laurence Olivier and Gregory Peck were each awarded an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters from Franklin & Marshall College. Due to illness Sir Laurence was unable to accept his award, so, with permission of Queen Elizabeth II and the British Embassy, Stanley represented Sir Laurence in accepting his award.", "Kenny Wax Kenny Wax is a British theatrical producer of musicals, plays, concerts and family entertainment. He is the producer of three Mischief Theatre productions, \"The Play That Goes Wrong\" currently playing at the Duchess Theatre in London and the Lyceum Theatre in New York, winner of the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy, and the Tony Award for Best Scenic Design in a Play, \"The Comedy About A Bank Robbery\" currently playing at the Criterion Theatre and \"Peter Pan Goes Wrong\" at the Apollo Theatre in 2015. His production of \"Top Hat\" won three Laurence Olivier Awards and an Evening Standard Theatre Award for 'Best Night Out' in 2012. It played at the Aldwych Theatre in the West End before embarking on a UK tour. His production of \"Once on This Island\" won Best New Musical at the 1995 Laurence Olivier Awards from its four nominations. His recent productions of \"Hetty Feather\", \"Room on the Broom\" and \"The Tiger Who Came To Tea\" have also received nominations for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Entertainment. His production of \"Wonderful Town\" won the Manchester Evening News Award for Best Production 2014. He was appointed President of the Society of London Theatre in June 2017. He listed 16th in the Stage 100, the industry newspaper's list reflecting the 100 most influential people working in the theatre and performing arts industry as well as being shortlisted by the Stage as Producer of the Year. He also sits on the board of the League of Independent Producers. Additionally, he produced the musical \"SIX\". Born in Bowdon, Cheshire, third child of parents Robert and Valerie Wax. His brother Derek Wax is a multi BAFTA and Emmy winning television producer whose award winning programmes include \"Sex Traffic\", \"The Hour\", \"Occupation\" and \"Humans\". Kenny was educated at Altrincham Preparatory School, in Cheshire and Carmel College, Oxfordshire.", "Laurence Olivier Award The Laurence Olivier Awards, or simply the Olivier Awards, are presented annually by the Society of London Theatre to recognise excellence in professional theatre in London at an annual ceremony in the capital. The awards were originally known as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, but they were renamed in honour of the British actor Laurence Olivier in 1984. The awards are given to individuals involved in West End productions and other leading non-commercial theatres based in London across a range of categories covering plays, musicals, dance, opera and affiliate theatre. A discretionary non-competitive Special Olivier Award is also given each year. The Olivier Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British theatre, equivalent to the BAFTA Awards for film and television, and the BRIT Awards for music. The Olivier Awards are considered equivalent to Broadway's Tony Awards and France's Moli\u00e8re Award. Since its inception, the awards have been held at various venues and theatres across London, from 2012-2016 at the Royal Opera House, before moving to the Royal Albert Hall in 2017. Television coverage is broadcast in prime time on ITV, who acquired the rights from 2013 onwards with radio coverage by Magic Radio. The awards were first established in 1976 by the Society of London Theatre as the Society of West End Awards and were designed by artist Tom Merrifield. In 1984, British actor Laurence Olivier gave his consent for the awards to be renamed in his honour and they became known as the Laurence Olivier Awards. The first awards ceremony was held in December 1976 at Caf\u00e9 Royal. Each year, Olivier Awards judging panels for theatre, opera, dance and affiliate shows are put together by the Society of London Theatre (SOLT).", "Quintessential rock band The Who held free, weekly concerts at the Young Vic in early 1971 in order to rehearse what would become their masterpiece album, \"Who's Next\". One of these shows was released on the Deluxe edition of this album. A memorial at the theatre's south-east corner commemorates the 54 people killed in 1941 while sheltering in the cellars of the former building on the site, during the Blitz. In 1982 the theatre hosted a \"Poetry Olympics\", where comedian Pat Condell took part. 2004 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2008 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2013 \u2013 The Critics' Circle Peter Hepple Award for Best Musical: The Scottsboro Boys  2016 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival: Yerma   2018 - The Critics' Circle Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance 2018 - Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance   2019 - Screen Nation Film and TV Awards Diversity In Drama Award: Soon Gone: A Windrush Chronicle   2019 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance In 2003, the Young Vic launched a campaign to raise \u00a312.5 million for a major reconstruction of its building and closed in 2004 for work to start. Designed by architects Haworth Tompkins \u2013 also known for their refurbishment of the Royal Court Theatre, Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, and two temporary venues for the Almeida \u2013 and with Jane Wernick Associates as the structural engineers, and consulting engineers Max Fordham LLP designing the building services, the refurbishment was completed in October 2006. The main auditorium has been left intact, but refurbished and technically enhanced. The butcher's shop has also been retained as the main entrance to the building and also the box office.", "Laurence Olivier Productions Laurence Olivier Productions was a stage production company created by Laurence Olivier in the 1950s that also helped finance two films: \"Richard III\" and \"The Prince and the Showgirl\". In 1948, while on tour in Australia and New Zealand, Olivier was fired from the Old Vic. To handle his productions he started Laurence Olivier Productions."], "answer": {"text": "Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier", "answer_start": 79}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7427c320c6534a9091238202c90e2d81_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Laurence Olivier grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Laurence Olivier Award The Laurence Olivier Awards, or simply the Olivier Awards, are presented annually by the Society of London Theatre to recognise excellence in professional theatre in London at an annual ceremony in the capital. The awards were originally known as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, but they were renamed in honour of the British actor Laurence Olivier in 1984. The awards are given to individuals involved in West End productions and other leading non-commercial theatres based in London across a range of categories covering plays, musicals, dance, opera and affiliate theatre. A discretionary non-competitive Special Olivier Award is also given each year. The Olivier Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British theatre, equivalent to the BAFTA Awards for film and television, and the BRIT Awards for music. The Olivier Awards are considered equivalent to Broadway's Tony Awards and France's Moli\u00e8re Award. Since its inception, the awards have been held at various venues and theatres across London, from 2012-2016 at the Royal Opera House, before moving to the Royal Albert Hall in 2017. Television coverage is broadcast in prime time on ITV, who acquired the rights from 2013 onwards with radio coverage by Magic Radio. The awards were first established in 1976 by the Society of London Theatre as the Society of West End Awards and were designed by artist Tom Merrifield. In 1984, British actor Laurence Olivier gave his consent for the awards to be renamed in his honour and they became known as the Laurence Olivier Awards. The first awards ceremony was held in December 1976 at Caf\u00e9 Royal. Each year, Olivier Awards judging panels for theatre, opera, dance and affiliate shows are put together by the Society of London Theatre (SOLT).", "Laurence Olivier Productions Laurence Olivier Productions was a stage production company created by Laurence Olivier in the 1950s that also helped finance two films: \"Richard III\" and \"The Prince and the Showgirl\". In 1948, while on tour in Australia and New Zealand, Olivier was fired from the Old Vic. To handle his productions he started Laurence Olivier Productions.", "Laurence Olivier Presents Laurence Olivier Presents is a British television anthology series made by Granada Television which ran from 1976 to 1978. The plays, with the exception of \"Hindle Wakes\", all starred Laurence Olivier. Some of the plays were based on productions staged at the National Theatre during the period when Olivier was Artistic Director. In addition to distinguished English actors, the casts assembled for these productions included several Hollywood stars, such as Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner, Joanne Woodward and Maureen Stapleton. The individual plays adapted for television were: The series was also released by Acorn Media in September 2006 as a 6-DVD set with the same title, with \"The Ebony Tower\", adapted from John Fowles' novella by John Mortimer, replacing \"Daphne Laureola\" . The complete series was re-released by Network Media individually and as part of The Laurence Olivier Centenary Collection along with \"The Ebony Tower\".", "Warner Bros. Directed by Lewis Gilbert, it was shot mostly on location in Prague and was based on the true story of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. Stanley prepared a Warner Bros. project about the Entebbe Raid in Israel, but the project ended up being shelved and was never made. Stanley was quoted as saying:   An Israeli government spokesperson said this was not the case, and that they helped as much as possible. It was on this project that Stanley first met Franklin J. Schaffner, whom he would go on to work with on three other films, including \"The Boys from Brazil\" and \"Sphinx\". 1976 saw the release of Academy Award-nominated \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\", on which Stanley was associate producer. It was received well by critics, Variety said it was \"\"an outstanding film\"\" and Rotten Tomatoes give it a 90% rating. Schaffner's \"The Boys from Brazil\", released in 1978, based on Ira Levin's best-selling novel, starred Sir Laurence Olivier, Gregory Peck and James Mason. It was the story of Joseph Mengele's (played by Gregory Peck) attempt to resurrect Adolf Hitler through cloning, and attempts made by Nazi hunter Ezra Leiberman (played by Sir Laurence Olivier) to stop him. The film was shot in various locations including Vienna, Austria, Shepperton Studios, England, Portugal and the US. A close friend of Stanley's was Sir Laurence Olivier, who appeared in two of his films. On 5 December 1977, Franklin J. Schaffner, Sir Laurence Olivier and Gregory Peck were each awarded an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters from Franklin & Marshall College. Due to illness Sir Laurence was unable to accept his award, so, with permission of Queen Elizabeth II and the British Embassy, Stanley represented Sir Laurence in accepting his award.", "Quintessential rock band The Who held free, weekly concerts at the Young Vic in early 1971 in order to rehearse what would become their masterpiece album, \"Who's Next\". One of these shows was released on the Deluxe edition of this album. A memorial at the theatre's south-east corner commemorates the 54 people killed in 1941 while sheltering in the cellars of the former building on the site, during the Blitz. In 1982 the theatre hosted a \"Poetry Olympics\", where comedian Pat Condell took part. 2004 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2008 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2013 \u2013 The Critics' Circle Peter Hepple Award for Best Musical: The Scottsboro Boys  2016 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival: Yerma   2018 - The Critics' Circle Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance 2018 - Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance   2019 - Screen Nation Film and TV Awards Diversity In Drama Award: Soon Gone: A Windrush Chronicle   2019 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance In 2003, the Young Vic launched a campaign to raise \u00a312.5 million for a major reconstruction of its building and closed in 2004 for work to start. Designed by architects Haworth Tompkins \u2013 also known for their refurbishment of the Royal Court Theatre, Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, and two temporary venues for the Almeida \u2013 and with Jane Wernick Associates as the structural engineers, and consulting engineers Max Fordham LLP designing the building services, the refurbishment was completed in October 2006. The main auditorium has been left intact, but refurbished and technically enhanced. The butcher's shop has also been retained as the main entrance to the building and also the box office."], "answer": {"text": "in Dorking, Surrey,", "answer_start": 17}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Laurence Olivier's parents?", "answer": {"text": "Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7427c320c6534a9091238202c90e2d81_1_q#2", "question": "Did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Laurence Olivier have any siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Quintessential rock band The Who held free, weekly concerts at the Young Vic in early 1971 in order to rehearse what would become their masterpiece album, \"Who's Next\". One of these shows was released on the Deluxe edition of this album. A memorial at the theatre's south-east corner commemorates the 54 people killed in 1941 while sheltering in the cellars of the former building on the site, during the Blitz. In 1982 the theatre hosted a \"Poetry Olympics\", where comedian Pat Condell took part. 2004 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2008 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2013 \u2013 The Critics' Circle Peter Hepple Award for Best Musical: The Scottsboro Boys  2016 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival: Yerma   2018 - The Critics' Circle Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance 2018 - Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance   2019 - Screen Nation Film and TV Awards Diversity In Drama Award: Soon Gone: A Windrush Chronicle   2019 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance In 2003, the Young Vic launched a campaign to raise \u00a312.5 million for a major reconstruction of its building and closed in 2004 for work to start. Designed by architects Haworth Tompkins \u2013 also known for their refurbishment of the Royal Court Theatre, Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, and two temporary venues for the Almeida \u2013 and with Jane Wernick Associates as the structural engineers, and consulting engineers Max Fordham LLP designing the building services, the refurbishment was completed in October 2006. The main auditorium has been left intact, but refurbished and technically enhanced. The butcher's shop has also been retained as the main entrance to the building and also the box office.", "Laurence Olivier Award The Laurence Olivier Awards, or simply the Olivier Awards, are presented annually by the Society of London Theatre to recognise excellence in professional theatre in London at an annual ceremony in the capital. The awards were originally known as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, but they were renamed in honour of the British actor Laurence Olivier in 1984. The awards are given to individuals involved in West End productions and other leading non-commercial theatres based in London across a range of categories covering plays, musicals, dance, opera and affiliate theatre. A discretionary non-competitive Special Olivier Award is also given each year. The Olivier Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British theatre, equivalent to the BAFTA Awards for film and television, and the BRIT Awards for music. The Olivier Awards are considered equivalent to Broadway's Tony Awards and France's Moli\u00e8re Award. Since its inception, the awards have been held at various venues and theatres across London, from 2012-2016 at the Royal Opera House, before moving to the Royal Albert Hall in 2017. Television coverage is broadcast in prime time on ITV, who acquired the rights from 2013 onwards with radio coverage by Magic Radio. The awards were first established in 1976 by the Society of London Theatre as the Society of West End Awards and were designed by artist Tom Merrifield. In 1984, British actor Laurence Olivier gave his consent for the awards to be renamed in his honour and they became known as the Laurence Olivier Awards. The first awards ceremony was held in December 1976 at Caf\u00e9 Royal. Each year, Olivier Awards judging panels for theatre, opera, dance and affiliate shows are put together by the Society of London Theatre (SOLT).", "Laurence Olivier Productions Laurence Olivier Productions was a stage production company created by Laurence Olivier in the 1950s that also helped finance two films: \"Richard III\" and \"The Prince and the Showgirl\". In 1948, while on tour in Australia and New Zealand, Olivier was fired from the Old Vic. To handle his productions he started Laurence Olivier Productions.", "Warner Bros. Directed by Lewis Gilbert, it was shot mostly on location in Prague and was based on the true story of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. Stanley prepared a Warner Bros. project about the Entebbe Raid in Israel, but the project ended up being shelved and was never made. Stanley was quoted as saying:   An Israeli government spokesperson said this was not the case, and that they helped as much as possible. It was on this project that Stanley first met Franklin J. Schaffner, whom he would go on to work with on three other films, including \"The Boys from Brazil\" and \"Sphinx\". 1976 saw the release of Academy Award-nominated \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\", on which Stanley was associate producer. It was received well by critics, Variety said it was \"\"an outstanding film\"\" and Rotten Tomatoes give it a 90% rating. Schaffner's \"The Boys from Brazil\", released in 1978, based on Ira Levin's best-selling novel, starred Sir Laurence Olivier, Gregory Peck and James Mason. It was the story of Joseph Mengele's (played by Gregory Peck) attempt to resurrect Adolf Hitler through cloning, and attempts made by Nazi hunter Ezra Leiberman (played by Sir Laurence Olivier) to stop him. The film was shot in various locations including Vienna, Austria, Shepperton Studios, England, Portugal and the US. A close friend of Stanley's was Sir Laurence Olivier, who appeared in two of his films. On 5 December 1977, Franklin J. Schaffner, Sir Laurence Olivier and Gregory Peck were each awarded an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters from Franklin & Marshall College. Due to illness Sir Laurence was unable to accept his award, so, with permission of Queen Elizabeth II and the British Embassy, Stanley represented Sir Laurence in accepting his award.", "Laurence Olivier Presents Laurence Olivier Presents is a British television anthology series made by Granada Television which ran from 1976 to 1978. The plays, with the exception of \"Hindle Wakes\", all starred Laurence Olivier. Some of the plays were based on productions staged at the National Theatre during the period when Olivier was Artistic Director. In addition to distinguished English actors, the casts assembled for these productions included several Hollywood stars, such as Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner, Joanne Woodward and Maureen Stapleton. The individual plays adapted for television were: The series was also released by Acorn Media in September 2006 as a 6-DVD set with the same title, with \"The Ebony Tower\", adapted from John Fowles' novella by John Mortimer, replacing \"Daphne Laureola\" . The complete series was re-released by Network Media individually and as part of The Laurence Olivier Centenary Collection along with \"The Ebony Tower\"."], "answer": {"text": "the youngest of the three children", "answer_start": 37}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Laurence Olivier's parents?", "answer": {"text": "Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in Dorking, Surrey,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7427c320c6534a9091238202c90e2d81_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he attend school?", "rewrite": "Where did Laurence Olivier attend school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Laurence Olivier Presents Laurence Olivier Presents is a British television anthology series made by Granada Television which ran from 1976 to 1978. The plays, with the exception of \"Hindle Wakes\", all starred Laurence Olivier. Some of the plays were based on productions staged at the National Theatre during the period when Olivier was Artistic Director. In addition to distinguished English actors, the casts assembled for these productions included several Hollywood stars, such as Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner, Joanne Woodward and Maureen Stapleton. The individual plays adapted for television were: The series was also released by Acorn Media in September 2006 as a 6-DVD set with the same title, with \"The Ebony Tower\", adapted from John Fowles' novella by John Mortimer, replacing \"Daphne Laureola\" . The complete series was re-released by Network Media individually and as part of The Laurence Olivier Centenary Collection along with \"The Ebony Tower\".", "Jason Pennycooke Jason Pennycooke is a British multiple Olivier Award nominated and What's On Stage Award winning actor and choreographer best known for his work in musical theatre. Pennycooke is from Leeds, and trained at the city's Northern School of Contemporary Dance. In 2008, Jason played the role of Jacob in the Menier Chocolate Factory production of \"La Cage aux Folles\". The production subsequently transferred to the West End at the Playhouse Theatre, and he was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical. He provided choreography and musical staging for the musical \"Soul Sister\" which opened at the Hackney Empire in 2012, before playing in the West End at the Savoy Theatre and touring the UK. He choreographed and starred in The Big Life (musical) which played at Apollo Theatre west end in 2005. He was nominated for best choreographer in a musical at the 2006 WhatsOnStage Awards and it was also nominated for best new musical at the 2006_Laurence_Olivier_Awards. He also choreographed Porgy_and_Bess The Musical which played at Savoy Theatre 2006 and was nominated for best new musical at the 2007_Laurence_Olivier_Awards In 2014 he played Bobby in the West End production of \"Memphis\". He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical for his performance. He joined the company of \"Guys and Dolls\" when the revival transferred to the Phoenix Theatre in March 2016, playing Benny. He was cast in the dual roles of Marquis de Lafayette and Thomas Jefferson in the West End production of \"Hamilton\", which began previews in December 2017. He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical for his performance, along with fellow Hamilton cast members Cleve September and Michael Jibson.", "Laurence Olivier Award The Laurence Olivier Awards, or simply the Olivier Awards, are presented annually by the Society of London Theatre to recognise excellence in professional theatre in London at an annual ceremony in the capital. The awards were originally known as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, but they were renamed in honour of the British actor Laurence Olivier in 1984. The awards are given to individuals involved in West End productions and other leading non-commercial theatres based in London across a range of categories covering plays, musicals, dance, opera and affiliate theatre. A discretionary non-competitive Special Olivier Award is also given each year. The Olivier Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British theatre, equivalent to the BAFTA Awards for film and television, and the BRIT Awards for music. The Olivier Awards are considered equivalent to Broadway's Tony Awards and France's Moli\u00e8re Award. Since its inception, the awards have been held at various venues and theatres across London, from 2012-2016 at the Royal Opera House, before moving to the Royal Albert Hall in 2017. Television coverage is broadcast in prime time on ITV, who acquired the rights from 2013 onwards with radio coverage by Magic Radio. The awards were first established in 1976 by the Society of London Theatre as the Society of West End Awards and were designed by artist Tom Merrifield. In 1984, British actor Laurence Olivier gave his consent for the awards to be renamed in his honour and they became known as the Laurence Olivier Awards. The first awards ceremony was held in December 1976 at Caf\u00e9 Royal. Each year, Olivier Awards judging panels for theatre, opera, dance and affiliate shows are put together by the Society of London Theatre (SOLT).", "Warner Bros. Directed by Lewis Gilbert, it was shot mostly on location in Prague and was based on the true story of the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. Stanley prepared a Warner Bros. project about the Entebbe Raid in Israel, but the project ended up being shelved and was never made. Stanley was quoted as saying:   An Israeli government spokesperson said this was not the case, and that they helped as much as possible. It was on this project that Stanley first met Franklin J. Schaffner, whom he would go on to work with on three other films, including \"The Boys from Brazil\" and \"Sphinx\". 1976 saw the release of Academy Award-nominated \"The Seven-Per-Cent Solution\", on which Stanley was associate producer. It was received well by critics, Variety said it was \"\"an outstanding film\"\" and Rotten Tomatoes give it a 90% rating. Schaffner's \"The Boys from Brazil\", released in 1978, based on Ira Levin's best-selling novel, starred Sir Laurence Olivier, Gregory Peck and James Mason. It was the story of Joseph Mengele's (played by Gregory Peck) attempt to resurrect Adolf Hitler through cloning, and attempts made by Nazi hunter Ezra Leiberman (played by Sir Laurence Olivier) to stop him. The film was shot in various locations including Vienna, Austria, Shepperton Studios, England, Portugal and the US. A close friend of Stanley's was Sir Laurence Olivier, who appeared in two of his films. On 5 December 1977, Franklin J. Schaffner, Sir Laurence Olivier and Gregory Peck were each awarded an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters from Franklin & Marshall College. Due to illness Sir Laurence was unable to accept his award, so, with permission of Queen Elizabeth II and the British Embassy, Stanley represented Sir Laurence in accepting his award.", "Quintessential rock band The Who held free, weekly concerts at the Young Vic in early 1971 in order to rehearse what would become their masterpiece album, \"Who's Next\". One of these shows was released on the Deluxe edition of this album. A memorial at the theatre's south-east corner commemorates the 54 people killed in 1941 while sheltering in the cellars of the former building on the site, during the Blitz. In 1982 the theatre hosted a \"Poetry Olympics\", where comedian Pat Condell took part. 2004 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2008 \u2013 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Musical Revival Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre  2013 \u2013 The Critics' Circle Peter Hepple Award for Best Musical: The Scottsboro Boys  2016 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival: Yerma   2018 - The Critics' Circle Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance 2018 - Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance   2019 - Screen Nation Film and TV Awards Diversity In Drama Award: Soon Gone: A Windrush Chronicle   2019 - Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play: The Inheritance In 2003, the Young Vic launched a campaign to raise \u00a312.5 million for a major reconstruction of its building and closed in 2004 for work to start. Designed by architects Haworth Tompkins \u2013 also known for their refurbishment of the Royal Court Theatre, Regent's Park Open Air Theatre, and two temporary venues for the Almeida \u2013 and with Jane Wernick Associates as the structural engineers, and consulting engineers Max Fordham LLP designing the building services, the refurbishment was completed in October 2006. The main auditorium has been left intact, but refurbished and technically enhanced. The butcher's shop has also been retained as the main entrance to the building and also the box office."], "answer": {"text": "In 1916, after attending a series of preparatory schools, Olivier passed the singing examination for admission to the choir school of All Saints,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Laurence Olivier's parents?", "answer": {"text": "Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in Dorking, Surrey,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "the youngest of the three children", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7427c320c6534a9091238202c90e2d81_1_q#4", "question": "What else happened in his early life?", "rewrite": "What else happened in Laurence Olivier's early life, besides passing the singing examination for admission to the choir school of All Saints in 1916?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["St. Paul's Choir School St. Paul's Choir School is a Catholic choir school located at the Church of St. Paul, Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1963, the middle school for boys in third through eighth grades is the only boys' choir school in the United States of America affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing soprano in the choir of St. Paul's, a choir of boys and men. The choir sings for liturgical services at St. Paul's Church and performs primarily in and around the Boston area. It is located within the Archdiocese of Boston. St. Paul's Choir is a traditional church choir of boys and men. The choir is composed of boys in grades 4-8 who attend St. Paul's Choir School, and men who are auditioned from local music schools such as Longy, New England Conservatory, and Boston Conservatory. Boys have been singing at St. Paul's since the church was built in 1923, and the choir has built a reputation for singing church music from Gregorian chant to contemporary works. Chiefly a liturgical choir, the boys have also appeared with numerous orchestras in and around Boston, and the full choir is in frequent demand to sing at concerts, weddings and funerals throughout the year. St. Paul's Choir School was founded in 1963 by Theodore Marier and Monsignor Augustine F. Hickey as the result of the Vatican's 1958 Instruction on Sacred Music and Sacred Liturgy \"De musica sacra\", which declared that every effort should be made that city center churches have their own boys' choir school. St. Paul's Choir School started in September with twenty-five fifth- through eighth-grade students chosen from throughout the Archdiocese of Boston.", "In 1916, after attending a series of preparatory schools, Olivier passed the singing examination for admission to the choir school of All Saints, Margaret Street, in central London. His elder brother was already a pupil, and Olivier gradually settled in, though he felt himself to be something of an outsider. The church's style of worship was (and remains) Anglo-Catholic, with emphasis on ritual, vestments and incense. The theatricality of the services appealed to Olivier, and the vicar encouraged the students to develop a taste for secular as well as religious drama. In a school production of Julius Caesar in 1917, the ten-year-old Olivier's performance as Brutus impressed an audience that included Lady Tree, the young Sybil Thorndike, and Ellen Terry, who wrote in her diary, \"The small boy who played Brutus is already a great actor.\" He later won praise in other schoolboy productions, as Maria in Twelfth Night (1918) and Katherine in The Taming of the Shrew (1922). From All Saints, Olivier went on to St Edward's School, Oxford, from 1920 to 1924. He made little mark until his final year, when he played Puck in the school's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream; his performance was a tour de force that won him popularity among his fellow pupils. In January 1924, his brother left England to work in India as a rubber planter. Olivier missed him greatly and asked his father how soon he could follow. He recalled in his memoirs that his father replied, \"Don't be such a fool, you're not going to India, you're going on the stage.\" While Leigh made Streetcar in 1951, Olivier joined her in Hollywood to film Carrie, based on the controversial novel Sister Carrie; although the film was plagued by troubles, Olivier received warm reviews and a BAFTA nomination.", "Laurence Olivier Award The Laurence Olivier Awards, or simply the Olivier Awards, are presented annually by the Society of London Theatre to recognise excellence in professional theatre in London at an annual ceremony in the capital. The awards were originally known as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, but they were renamed in honour of the British actor Laurence Olivier in 1984. The awards are given to individuals involved in West End productions and other leading non-commercial theatres based in London across a range of categories covering plays, musicals, dance, opera and affiliate theatre. A discretionary non-competitive Special Olivier Award is also given each year. The Olivier Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British theatre, equivalent to the BAFTA Awards for film and television, and the BRIT Awards for music. The Olivier Awards are considered equivalent to Broadway's Tony Awards and France's Moli\u00e8re Award. Since its inception, the awards have been held at various venues and theatres across London, from 2012-2016 at the Royal Opera House, before moving to the Royal Albert Hall in 2017. Television coverage is broadcast in prime time on ITV, who acquired the rights from 2013 onwards with radio coverage by Magic Radio. The awards were first established in 1976 by the Society of London Theatre as the Society of West End Awards and were designed by artist Tom Merrifield. In 1984, British actor Laurence Olivier gave his consent for the awards to be renamed in his honour and they became known as the Laurence Olivier Awards. The first awards ceremony was held in December 1976 at Caf\u00e9 Royal. Each year, Olivier Awards judging panels for theatre, opera, dance and affiliate shows are put together by the Society of London Theatre (SOLT).", "In 1966, the Choir School entered into an agreement with the Metropolitan Separate School Board (now called the Toronto Catholic District School Board) to place secular, non-music courses under the publicly funded separate school system. By 1987, the school was fully funded by government with the exception of the music programme, for which students pay fees. This administrative structure remains today, though Choir School teachers continue to instruct students beyond the confines of Ontario's public education curricula. In 1987, the Choir School completed fifty years of service, and in recognition of this milestone, Art Eggleton, the mayor of Toronto at the time, declared June 15, 1987 as the official \"St. Michael's Choir School Day\". St. Michael's Choir School has held an annual Christmas concert since 1939. From 1939 to 1964, Christmas concerts were held at the Knights of Columbus Hall attached to James Cooper House on Sherbourne Street, and in December 1964 the venue changed to Massey Hall, where it has been held ever since. In 2013, CBC listed the Choir School's Christmas concert as one of Toronto's top 13 classical Christmas events of 2013. The choirs have also performed at Roy Thomson Hall as well as various venues around the city, both on their own and with other musical groups, including the Victoria Scholars and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. St. Michael's Choir School tours frequently within Canada and abroad having recently performed in Nova Scotia, Quebec, the Czech Republic, the United States of America, and the Federal Republic of Germany. In April 2013, St. Michael's Choir School went on a 12-day tour to Florence and Rome in Italy. The school performed \"Jubilate Deo\", a song composed by the school's founder, John Edward Ronan, at the papal audience on April 10, for Pope Francis.", "In 1916, after attending a series of preparatory schools, Olivier passed the singing examination for admission to the choir school of All Saints, Margaret Street, in central London. His elder brother was already a pupil, and Olivier gradually settled in, though he felt himself to be something of an outsider. The church's style of worship was (and remains) Anglo-Catholic, with emphasis on ritual, vestments and incense. The theatricality of the services appealed to Olivier, and the vicar encouraged the students to develop a taste for secular as well as religious drama. In a school production of Julius Caesar in 1917, the ten-year-old Olivier's performance as Brutus impressed an audience that included Lady Tree, the young Sybil Thorndike, and Ellen Terry, who wrote in her diary, \"The small boy who played Brutus is already a great actor.\" He later won praise in other schoolboy productions, as Maria in Twelfth Night (1918) and Katherine in The Taming of the Shrew (1922). From All Saints, Olivier went on to St Edward's School, Oxford, from 1920 to 1924. He made little mark until his final year, when he played Puck in the school's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream; his performance was a tour de force that won him popularity among his fellow pupils. In January 1924, his brother left England to work in India as a rubber planter. Olivier missed him greatly and asked his father how soon he could follow. He recalled in his memoirs that his father replied, \"Don't be such a fool, you're not going to India, you're going on the stage.\""], "answer": {"text": "but in his thirties he discovered a strong religious vocation and was ordained as a priest of the Church of England.", "answer_start": 429}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Laurence Olivier's parents?", "answer": {"text": "Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in Dorking, Surrey,", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "the youngest of the three children", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school?", "answer": {"text": "In 1916, after attending a series of preparatory schools, Olivier passed the singing examination for admission to the choir school of All Saints,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_0_q#0", "question": "Which album is Rebel,Sweetheart?", "rewrite": "Which album is Rebel,Sweetheart?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Sweetheart Cup Company Sweetheart Cup Company was a North America company that made paper cups, plastic cups and related products. In 2004, Sweetheart was acquired by the Solo Cup Company. 1911: Predecessor to Maryland Cup founded in Boston by Joseph Shapiro and his three brothers. Company sells ice cream, then expands to bake ice cream cones. Headquarters moves to Baltimore. 1932\u20131936: Company diversifies, making matches and straws. Sweetheart, the name used on products, is inspired by picture of two children using straws to drink a milkshake from the same glass. 1947: Company executives vote, 14-to-1, against entering the cup business. But Joseph Shapiro votes yes - and the cup business is born. 1961: Maryland Cup goes public, consolidating 32 companies controlled by Shapiro family members. 1968: Joseph Shapiro dies. 1983: Maryland Cup bought by Fort Howard Paper Company, a Wisconsin-based paper manufacturer. At the time, Maryland Cup has 33 plants, more than 10,000 employees and a net worth of $250 million. 1983\u20131985: Fort Howard boosts capital spending in cup business, while cutting costs through layoffs. 1986: Customer service deteriorates and cup sales start to slide. Fort Howard acquires Lily-Tulip, cup-maker with net worth of $108 million. 1988: Fort Howard itself acquired in leveraged buyout by Morgan Stanley for $3.9 billion. 1989: Fort Howard spins off cup business as Sweetheart Holdings. Business has 15 U.S. factories and more than 8,000 employees. 1991 : Sweetheart turns a profit on operations, but saddled by debt, net worth falls to \u2212$95 million. 1992: Sweetheart introduces its Jazz disposable cups, which would become the company's top-grossing stock design as of 2002. 2004 : Sweetheart is purchased by Solo Cup Company.", "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz.", "In some countries other than the United States, the International Supreme Council of DeMolay has ceded control to an independent Supreme Council created to govern DeMolay in that country. Such a Supreme Council has its own Grand Master and officers. (Examples are Australia, Brazil, and the Philippines.) Some DeMolay Chapters elect young women to positions of leadership, who act to support members and their activities. Sweetheart DeMolay Chapters may elect a \"Chapter Sweetheart\" to serve as the female representative of the Chapter, although she is not an initiated member of DeMolay. Her duties may include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay. The \"Sweetheart\" must meet the age requirements of a particular jurisdiction or Chapter (often 14 to 21.) She may be a member of a neighboring Job's Daughters Bethel, Rainbow Assembly, or Triangle, but that is not a set requirement in most Jurisdictions. Chapter Princess A Chapter may also elect a Chapter Princess. The program generally uses the same requirements as set forth for the Sweetheart. Her duties generally include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay while assisting the Sweetheart in her duties. Chapter Duchess A Chapter may also elect two Chapter Duchesses. The program generally uses the same requirements set forth for the Sweetheart. Her duties generally include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay while assisting both the Sweetheart and Princess in their duties. Chapter Little Sis A Chapter may also elect other females, who may or may not be a member of Job's Daughters International or International Order of Rainbow for Girls, to be a Little Sis. She is usually 14\u201316 years old. She generally assists both the Princess and the Sweetheart in their duties. Each state or jurisdiction holds an annual (or biennial, in some) event known as a Conclave or Convention.", "The class-nominated candidate whose respective class sold the most war bonds and stamps was declared Indian Sweetheart. The war bond raising selection method was used from 1942-1945. In 1943, Mary Holloway was crowned Indian Sweetheart for the second consecutive year and remains the only lady to hold the title twice. In 1945, Chrystelle Roberson held a reunion of the past Indian Sweethearts and unknowingly the tradition of the headdress began. Betty Maxine Farnsworth, the first Indian Sweetheart presented Chrystelle with a headdress, created by Doris Jewell, which has become the symbol of the Indian Sweetheart. In 1950, Gerry Jean Ennis, a polio and bed-stricken student became the only unanimously elected Indian Sweetheart in school history. After the war years, the Indian Sweetheart became a vote among the classes. Two junior and two senior girls were nominated by the Student Council to run in an election in which the entire student body would elect an Indian Sweetheart. In 1961, the Class of 1949 donated an arm band and leg band to the Indian Sweetheart in memory of Barbara Lannart, 14th Indian Sweetheart who died in a car accident along with her husband and children. In 1986, a protest from the students resulted in a change that allowed for any upcoming senior girl to run. Today, any junior girl who meets the criteria specified in the Indian Sweetheart Constitution and Bylaws, can run for the honor. If elected, she is presented in an elaborate half-time ceremony with the Redskin Band performing traditional music during the first home football game of her senior year. After the game, a school dance is held in her honor by the Cheerleaders. She also becomes an honorary member of the Varsity Cheerleading Squad and an honorary Homecoming Duchess. During the year she serves as the ceremonial role model figurehead for the student body and the Donna community. The Varsity Night Uniform", "National Sweetheart Miss National Sweetheart is a United States beauty pageant created in 1941 where runners-up from the Miss America state pageants are invited to Hoopeston, Illinois to compete for the title of Miss National Sweetheart, and the name of the title held by the winner of that pageant. The event, which has no official ties to the Miss America Organization, is sponsored by the Hoopeston Jaycees and is held on Labor Day weekend in conjunction with the town's revered annual Sweetcorn Festival. Most contestants placed first runner-up in their state pageant, however second and other runners -up are invited if the first runner-up chooses not to attend. The winner of the Miss National Sweetheart title receives a $1,200 scholarship and a pendant shaped like an ear of corn. Winning this title does not guarantee that a contestant will win a Miss America state title, but since 1980, five Miss National Sweetheart winners have gone on to win both their state and the Miss America title. Since 1970 there have been nine Miss America titleholders who have competed in the National Sweetheart pageant. In 2016, the Miss America organization officially disassociated itself with the Miss National Sweetheart Organization. Miss America state pageant contestants were prohibited from competing. The 2019 National Sweetheart Pageant was held on September 1, 2019."], "answer": {"text": "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_0_q#1", "question": "Is there anything unique about the recording of this album?", "rewrite": "Is there anything unique about the recording of album 'Rebel,Sweetheart'?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Toe Rag Studios Toe Rag Studios is an analogue recording studio located in Hackney, London, England. The studio was founded in 1991 by Liam Watson and Josh Collins in the Shoreditch area of London. In 1997, the business relocated to Hackney due to rising overheads. Although the studio didn't open exclusively in the analogue market, it was formed to eventually only use analogue equipment (despite the cost), as \"there were loads of [cheap digital studios] opening up all the time and then closing down every week because they didn't really offer anything unique\". Toe Rag offers clients music production using eight-track multitrack recording technology, and all recording media is magnetic tape. Recording is centred on an EMI mixing console (originally from Abbey Road Studios) and Studer A80 tape machine, as well as microphones by Neumann, Reslo and STC. Monitoring is performed through Tannoy loudspeakers. Vintage backline includes Vox and Fender amplifiers, and instruments include Farfisa and Hammond organs, as well as a 1965 Ludwig drum kit. As well as hardware, the studio's live room was specially built to maximise the acoustic properties. In addition to this, the studio makes use of echo chambers.", "in April 2017, frontman Dani Winter-Bates disclosed that they plan to celebrate the album's tenth anniversary in some way once it comes about in 2019. Phil Freeman of Alternative Press gave the album a 3 out of 5 stars, saying: \"If you're wondering whether they bring anything unique or unexpected to the table, the answer is no. Is Portraits a pleasurable enough melodic metalcore album while it's playing? Absolutely.\"", "His vocals were not recorded with the other tracks in France, but later at Kingdom Sound Studios in Long Island, when all other recording sessions were completed. \"Down to Earth\" is the only Rainbow album to feature Bonnet, though he was still part of the band when writing for \"Difficult to Cure\" began. Also recorded for the proposed next single, but unreleased due to Bonnet's departure, was \" Will You Love Me Tomorrow\". Bonnet had previously recorded this song for his first, eponymously titled, solo album in 1977. Rainbow's version was recorded in the studio in May 1980, during rehearsals for the Japanese leg of the \"Down to Earth\" tour. It was subsequently played live throughout that tour. In 1980, Blackmore's Rainbow headlined the inaugural Monsters of Rock festival at Castle Donington in England. Songs from \"Down to Earth\" have been performed by Graham Bonnet at his solo shows, as well as at concerts performed with Don Airey (2001) and Joe Lynn Turner (2007). In the UK there was a limited edition clear vinyl LP release. \"Bad Girl\", an outtake from the album sessions, was used as the B-side to the \"Since You Been Gone\" single. Similarly, \"Weiss Heim\", an instrumental recorded in Copenhagen in January 1980, was the B-side to \"All Night Long\". A remastered CD reissue was released in May 1999, with packaging duplicating the original vinyl. In 2011, a Deluxe Edition of the album was released, featuring a bonus disc with previously unreleased songs and instrumental versions of the basic tracks. AllMusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine defines the album \"a fine hard rock platter\", which \"might not offer anything unique, but it delivers the goods.\"", "Liam Watson (record producer) Liam Watson is a British record producer and owner of Toe Rag Studios. Watson is perhaps best known for his work engineering and mixing the White Stripes' \"Elephant\", receiving the 2004 Grammy for Best Alternative Music Album. More recently, he produced \"Hooverdam\", the studio album by ex Stranglers lead singer Hugh Cornwell, which included \"Please Don't Put Me on a Slow Boat to Trowbridge\". Watson also produced the Bristols and Fabienne Delsol. Influenced by George Martin and Joe Meek, Watson established Toe Rag Studios in early 1991 with the idea of building a studio with predominantly analogue recording equipment. This was owing to his dislike of the numerous (digital) studios that had a short life span and \"didn't really offer anything unique\". Watson was given free rein to record musicians and bands using his analogue studio: he worked alongside film producer and musician, Josh Collins, and retro-fashion designer, Barbara Hanf.", "\"Granted, the vast majority of the 14 songs do follow a rather traditional arrangement in terms of verse and chorus as a consequence. But when you've got such talent at your disposal, it would be foolish not to litter your songs with opportunities for Cameron to shine.\" Steven Spedding of Sputnikmusic credited their song writing and that they have found a formula that works for them saying \"They have harnessed an ability to write more measured sections, where the aggression is toned down for tasteful instrumentals and this I feel is where they excel most.\" Allmusic writer Eduardo Rivadavia, in a four out of five star review praised the band for cohesively blending aggressive and melodic traits without sounding like polar extremes, further commenting \"all this aggression always meshes judiciously with melodic counterpoints to maximum effectiveness\"  Despite positive reviews, negative criticism stemmed from its lack of innovation and the album's sometimes considered excessive length. Spedding commented in his review Bury Tomorrow have \"an obsession with padding out songs with breakdowns.\" Alternative Press writer Phil Freeman was very critical of the album, saying it \"just isn't very interesting\", further stating: \"Nothing establishes Bury Tomorrow as a band with anything unique or surprising to offer\u2014which puts them in exactly the same position they were in two years ago, when their first album, Portraits, was released. \" Hoffmeyer, despite an otherwise positive review described it as being \"frequently plagued by the mediocrity that weighed \"Portraits\" down\", also saying the album's lack of innovation is shown in their strong influence by other metalcore bands, saying \"Message To A King\" is \"basically a Parkway Drive song with clean vocals\"."], "answer": {"text": "This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album,", "answer_start": 101}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Which album is Rebel,Sweetheart?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_0_q#2", "question": "Were there any hits off this album?", "rewrite": "Were there any hits off the album 'Rebel,Sweetheart'?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz.", "The class-nominated candidate whose respective class sold the most war bonds and stamps was declared Indian Sweetheart. The war bond raising selection method was used from 1942-1945. In 1943, Mary Holloway was crowned Indian Sweetheart for the second consecutive year and remains the only lady to hold the title twice. In 1945, Chrystelle Roberson held a reunion of the past Indian Sweethearts and unknowingly the tradition of the headdress began. Betty Maxine Farnsworth, the first Indian Sweetheart presented Chrystelle with a headdress, created by Doris Jewell, which has become the symbol of the Indian Sweetheart. In 1950, Gerry Jean Ennis, a polio and bed-stricken student became the only unanimously elected Indian Sweetheart in school history. After the war years, the Indian Sweetheart became a vote among the classes. Two junior and two senior girls were nominated by the Student Council to run in an election in which the entire student body would elect an Indian Sweetheart. In 1961, the Class of 1949 donated an arm band and leg band to the Indian Sweetheart in memory of Barbara Lannart, 14th Indian Sweetheart who died in a car accident along with her husband and children. In 1986, a protest from the students resulted in a change that allowed for any upcoming senior girl to run. Today, any junior girl who meets the criteria specified in the Indian Sweetheart Constitution and Bylaws, can run for the honor. If elected, she is presented in an elaborate half-time ceremony with the Redskin Band performing traditional music during the first home football game of her senior year. After the game, a school dance is held in her honor by the Cheerleaders. She also becomes an honorary member of the Varsity Cheerleading Squad and an honorary Homecoming Duchess. During the year she serves as the ceremonial role model figurehead for the student body and the Donna community. The Varsity Night Uniform", "In some countries other than the United States, the International Supreme Council of DeMolay has ceded control to an independent Supreme Council created to govern DeMolay in that country. Such a Supreme Council has its own Grand Master and officers. (Examples are Australia, Brazil, and the Philippines.) Some DeMolay Chapters elect young women to positions of leadership, who act to support members and their activities. Sweetheart DeMolay Chapters may elect a \"Chapter Sweetheart\" to serve as the female representative of the Chapter, although she is not an initiated member of DeMolay. Her duties may include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay. The \"Sweetheart\" must meet the age requirements of a particular jurisdiction or Chapter (often 14 to 21.) She may be a member of a neighboring Job's Daughters Bethel, Rainbow Assembly, or Triangle, but that is not a set requirement in most Jurisdictions. Chapter Princess A Chapter may also elect a Chapter Princess. The program generally uses the same requirements as set forth for the Sweetheart. Her duties generally include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay while assisting the Sweetheart in her duties. Chapter Duchess A Chapter may also elect two Chapter Duchesses. The program generally uses the same requirements set forth for the Sweetheart. Her duties generally include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay while assisting both the Sweetheart and Princess in their duties. Chapter Little Sis A Chapter may also elect other females, who may or may not be a member of Job's Daughters International or International Order of Rainbow for Girls, to be a Little Sis. She is usually 14\u201316 years old. She generally assists both the Princess and the Sweetheart in their duties. Each state or jurisdiction holds an annual (or biennial, in some) event known as a Conclave or Convention.", "Tight Like A Baby Tiger (Live At The Paradiso) Tight Like a Baby Tiger (Live at The Paradiso) is the first Live double album by Dutch singer and multi-instrumentalist Jett Rebel and also the 3rd album Rebel releases. The album was released on June 30, 2015. The album was recorded live at Paradiso (Amsterdam) on December 30, 2014. In 2014 Rebel performed at more than 60 festivals in the Netherlands and sold out two club tours. On November 14 he started his 2nd tour, \"Tour d' Amour\" as part of his new album Hits For Kids, which had just been released. The tour ended on December 30 in Paradiso. Rebel toured intensively with his band at the time and is known for never playing the same setlist twice. The rehearsal for the sold out \"\"Tour d' Amour\"\" took place in Bergen Op Zoom in Gebouw-T, at the same location where the tour started. This tour was a ride of 18 shows. The tour was sold out before the album Hits for Kids was released. It was the 100th performance of 2014, that night in Paradiso. Many band members had become sick due to exhaustion, including himself. Rebel lost his voice after seventeen shows, playing three hours every night. Rebel says he was very nervous about this night and how it would turn out. Tony Platt was present this evening to record the Live album. Platt had previously been involved in Rebel's debut album, Hits for Kids. All songs are written by Jett Rebel On the LP version two extra tracks have been added, \"Sleep Overs\" and \"Do You Love Me At All\". Live Band Crew The album was recorded live by Arjan de Vree / A- Sound Productions.", "Sweetheart Cup Company Sweetheart Cup Company was a North America company that made paper cups, plastic cups and related products. In 2004, Sweetheart was acquired by the Solo Cup Company. 1911: Predecessor to Maryland Cup founded in Boston by Joseph Shapiro and his three brothers. Company sells ice cream, then expands to bake ice cream cones. Headquarters moves to Baltimore. 1932\u20131936: Company diversifies, making matches and straws. Sweetheart, the name used on products, is inspired by picture of two children using straws to drink a milkshake from the same glass. 1947: Company executives vote, 14-to-1, against entering the cup business. But Joseph Shapiro votes yes - and the cup business is born. 1961: Maryland Cup goes public, consolidating 32 companies controlled by Shapiro family members. 1968: Joseph Shapiro dies. 1983: Maryland Cup bought by Fort Howard Paper Company, a Wisconsin-based paper manufacturer. At the time, Maryland Cup has 33 plants, more than 10,000 employees and a net worth of $250 million. 1983\u20131985: Fort Howard boosts capital spending in cup business, while cutting costs through layoffs. 1986: Customer service deteriorates and cup sales start to slide. Fort Howard acquires Lily-Tulip, cup-maker with net worth of $108 million. 1988: Fort Howard itself acquired in leveraged buyout by Morgan Stanley for $3.9 billion. 1989: Fort Howard spins off cup business as Sweetheart Holdings. Business has 15 U.S. factories and more than 8,000 employees. 1991 : Sweetheart turns a profit on operations, but saddled by debt, net worth falls to \u2212$95 million. 1992: Sweetheart introduces its Jazz disposable cups, which would become the company's top-grossing stock design as of 2002. 2004 : Sweetheart is purchased by Solo Cup Company."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Which album is Rebel,Sweetheart?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything unique about the recording of this album?", "answer": {"text": "This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album,", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_0_q#3", "question": "What is a single on this album?", "rewrite": "What is a single on the album 'Rebel,Sweetheart'?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The class-nominated candidate whose respective class sold the most war bonds and stamps was declared Indian Sweetheart. The war bond raising selection method was used from 1942-1945. In 1943, Mary Holloway was crowned Indian Sweetheart for the second consecutive year and remains the only lady to hold the title twice. In 1945, Chrystelle Roberson held a reunion of the past Indian Sweethearts and unknowingly the tradition of the headdress began. Betty Maxine Farnsworth, the first Indian Sweetheart presented Chrystelle with a headdress, created by Doris Jewell, which has become the symbol of the Indian Sweetheart. In 1950, Gerry Jean Ennis, a polio and bed-stricken student became the only unanimously elected Indian Sweetheart in school history. After the war years, the Indian Sweetheart became a vote among the classes. Two junior and two senior girls were nominated by the Student Council to run in an election in which the entire student body would elect an Indian Sweetheart. In 1961, the Class of 1949 donated an arm band and leg band to the Indian Sweetheart in memory of Barbara Lannart, 14th Indian Sweetheart who died in a car accident along with her husband and children. In 1986, a protest from the students resulted in a change that allowed for any upcoming senior girl to run. Today, any junior girl who meets the criteria specified in the Indian Sweetheart Constitution and Bylaws, can run for the honor. If elected, she is presented in an elaborate half-time ceremony with the Redskin Band performing traditional music during the first home football game of her senior year. After the game, a school dance is held in her honor by the Cheerleaders. She also becomes an honorary member of the Varsity Cheerleading Squad and an honorary Homecoming Duchess. During the year she serves as the ceremonial role model figurehead for the student body and the Donna community. The Varsity Night Uniform", "In some countries other than the United States, the International Supreme Council of DeMolay has ceded control to an independent Supreme Council created to govern DeMolay in that country. Such a Supreme Council has its own Grand Master and officers. (Examples are Australia, Brazil, and the Philippines.) Some DeMolay Chapters elect young women to positions of leadership, who act to support members and their activities. Sweetheart DeMolay Chapters may elect a \"Chapter Sweetheart\" to serve as the female representative of the Chapter, although she is not an initiated member of DeMolay. Her duties may include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay. The \"Sweetheart\" must meet the age requirements of a particular jurisdiction or Chapter (often 14 to 21.) She may be a member of a neighboring Job's Daughters Bethel, Rainbow Assembly, or Triangle, but that is not a set requirement in most Jurisdictions. Chapter Princess A Chapter may also elect a Chapter Princess. The program generally uses the same requirements as set forth for the Sweetheart. Her duties generally include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay while assisting the Sweetheart in her duties. Chapter Duchess A Chapter may also elect two Chapter Duchesses. The program generally uses the same requirements set forth for the Sweetheart. Her duties generally include attending Chapter functions and acting as an ambassador of DeMolay while assisting both the Sweetheart and Princess in their duties. Chapter Little Sis A Chapter may also elect other females, who may or may not be a member of Job's Daughters International or International Order of Rainbow for Girls, to be a Little Sis. She is usually 14\u201316 years old. She generally assists both the Princess and the Sweetheart in their duties. Each state or jurisdiction holds an annual (or biennial, in some) event known as a Conclave or Convention.", "National Sweetheart Miss National Sweetheart is a United States beauty pageant created in 1941 where runners-up from the Miss America state pageants are invited to Hoopeston, Illinois to compete for the title of Miss National Sweetheart, and the name of the title held by the winner of that pageant. The event, which has no official ties to the Miss America Organization, is sponsored by the Hoopeston Jaycees and is held on Labor Day weekend in conjunction with the town's revered annual Sweetcorn Festival. Most contestants placed first runner-up in their state pageant, however second and other runners -up are invited if the first runner-up chooses not to attend. The winner of the Miss National Sweetheart title receives a $1,200 scholarship and a pendant shaped like an ear of corn. Winning this title does not guarantee that a contestant will win a Miss America state title, but since 1980, five Miss National Sweetheart winners have gone on to win both their state and the Miss America title. Since 1970 there have been nine Miss America titleholders who have competed in the National Sweetheart pageant. In 2016, the Miss America organization officially disassociated itself with the Miss National Sweetheart Organization. Miss America state pageant contestants were prohibited from competing. The 2019 National Sweetheart Pageant was held on September 1, 2019.", "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz.", "Sweetheart Cup Company Sweetheart Cup Company was a North America company that made paper cups, plastic cups and related products. In 2004, Sweetheart was acquired by the Solo Cup Company. 1911: Predecessor to Maryland Cup founded in Boston by Joseph Shapiro and his three brothers. Company sells ice cream, then expands to bake ice cream cones. Headquarters moves to Baltimore. 1932\u20131936: Company diversifies, making matches and straws. Sweetheart, the name used on products, is inspired by picture of two children using straws to drink a milkshake from the same glass. 1947: Company executives vote, 14-to-1, against entering the cup business. But Joseph Shapiro votes yes - and the cup business is born. 1961: Maryland Cup goes public, consolidating 32 companies controlled by Shapiro family members. 1968: Joseph Shapiro dies. 1983: Maryland Cup bought by Fort Howard Paper Company, a Wisconsin-based paper manufacturer. At the time, Maryland Cup has 33 plants, more than 10,000 employees and a net worth of $250 million. 1983\u20131985: Fort Howard boosts capital spending in cup business, while cutting costs through layoffs. 1986: Customer service deteriorates and cup sales start to slide. Fort Howard acquires Lily-Tulip, cup-maker with net worth of $108 million. 1988: Fort Howard itself acquired in leveraged buyout by Morgan Stanley for $3.9 billion. 1989: Fort Howard spins off cup business as Sweetheart Holdings. Business has 15 U.S. factories and more than 8,000 employees. 1991 : Sweetheart turns a profit on operations, but saddled by debt, net worth falls to \u2212$95 million. 1992: Sweetheart introduces its Jazz disposable cups, which would become the company's top-grossing stock design as of 2002. 2004 : Sweetheart is purchased by Solo Cup Company."], "answer": {"text": "The Beautiful Side of Somewhere", "answer_start": 1337}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Which album is Rebel,Sweetheart?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything unique about the recording of this album?", "answer": {"text": "This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album,", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hits off this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_0_q#4", "question": "When was this song released?", "rewrite": "When was the song 'The Beautiful Side of Somewhere' released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Chang Yui-tan Chang Yui-tan (; born 4 August 1951) is a Taiwanese museum curator. Chang was born in Taipei on 4 August 1951. He studied animal science and technology at National Taiwan University and chose to further his studies in animal science at Western Kentucky University. In 1980, Chang began working at the National Taiwan Museum. The job, which he held for three years, inspired Chang to pursue museum studies. After leaving the NTM, Chang became a member of the preparatory committee that founded National Museum of Natural Science, where he worked with architect Han Pao-teh. Chang served as founding editor-in-chief of the journal \"Museology Quarterly\". Upon graduating from the University of Leicester with a doctorate in 1993, Chang became the first person in Taiwan to earn a degree in museum studies via the Ministry of Education scholarship program. In 1996, Chang accepted a position at the Tainan National University of the Arts (TNNUA) as an art professor. During his time on the faculty, he established Taiwan's first graduate institute of museology at TNNUA and helped draft the Museum Act. Chang later served as vice chairman of the Council of Cultural Affairs under culture minister Huang Pi-twan. in 2010, Chang was named director of the National Museum of History. During his tenure, he digitalized museum archives. Notable exhibitions held while Chang was the museum's director included Golden Age of the Qing in 2011, with artifacts on loan from the Shenyang Palace Museum, a display featuring rare pop-up books in 2012, and a vampire exhibit in 2014. Notable acquisitions by the museum under Chang's leadership included an archive of photographs from the Paper Windmill Theatre, placed in permanent collection in 2012. In 2013, Chang was elected president of the Chinese Association of Museums.", "Rebel, Sweetheart Rebel, Sweetheart is The Wallflowers' fifth album, released in 2005. The two singles released from this album were \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\" and \"God Says Nothing Back.\" The single \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\" hit #5 on AAA radio stations. The album has sold approximately 116,000 copies, according to Billboard and Nielsen Soundscan. All songs written by Jakob Dylan. British bonus track Japanese bonus track The Wallflowers Additional personnel", "The final section, \"Discovering a God-written Love Story\", argues that it is never too late to give God control of one's love life, and that this sacrifice should be made not in expectation of personal benefit but rather to benefit one's future spouse and to honor God. Early in the book, Eric retells a portion of Homer's \"Odyssey\", describing the episode in which Ulysses sails near the land of the Sirens: creatures whose song so attracts seafarers that they sail towards them and crash on the rocks. In this story, Ulysses orders all his men to fill their ears with beeswax and then tie him to the mast; the ship therefore sails through the area unharmed. Still, Ulysses, hearing the Sirens' song the entire time, is tortured by its beauty and his inability to get to the song's source. Eric follows this story with a retelling of the story of Orpheus's encounter with the Sirens. In this story, Orpheus's solution is to play a \"sweeter song\" than that of the Sirens; his ship also passes unharmed, his men so entranced by his song that they do not notice the Sirens. Eric then argues from analogy that, normally, those who force themselves to resist premarital sexual and romantic temptations are likely to find the process torturous (like Ulysses), while those who listen to the plans God has for them find waiting for marriage much easier (as it was for Orpheus's crew). Eric expands on the concept of the \"sweeter song\" throughout the book and often refers to it. Another frequently mentioned concept in the book is \"the beautiful side of love\"; the Ludys use this phrase to refer to a lasting, satisfying romance and contrast this state with such other experiences as breakups, unrequited love, and sexual frustration.", "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz.", "Han Pao-teh Han Pao-teh (; 19 August 1934 \u2013 20 November 2014) was a Taiwanese architect, educator and curator. Han Pao-teh was born and raised in Shandong, China and moved to Taiwan in 1952. In 1958, he graduated in architecture from Tainan Institute of Technology, now known as the National Cheng Kung University. He was awarded a scholarship to Harvard University in the United States for a master's degree in architecture in 1965 and then also gained an MA degree at Princeton University in 1967. He returned to Taiwan in 1967, where he lectured as the head of the Department of Architecture at Tunghai University in Taichung. He left Tunghai in 1977 to be Dean of the College of Science and Engineering at National Chung Hsing University. He was one of the architects who played a role in the preservation of historic structures, including the Lin Family Mansion in Banqiao. During 1981\u20131986, Han Pao-teh was appointed by the Executive Yuan to lead the preparation for the establishment of National Museum of Natural Science, the first modern museum in Taiwan, where he was also appointed by the Ministry of Education the first Director from 1987 to 1995. In 1993, Han Pao-teh was also appointed to establish Tainan National University of the Arts (TNNUA), where he was also selected to be the first president of TNNUA and the program chair of the graduate school of Museum Studies in 1996. Shortly after his retirement from TNNUA in 2000, Han Pao-teh was invited by the Ling Jiou Mountain Buddhist Foundation to be the first curator of the Museum of World Religions. During 1998\u20132001, he was also the director of National Culture and Arts Foundation. Han Pao-teh has been appointed the Geheimrat of Presidential Office in Taiwan since 2001."], "answer": {"text": "hit No. 5 on AAA radio.", "answer_start": 1371}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Which album is Rebel,Sweetheart?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything unique about the recording of this album?", "answer": {"text": "This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album,", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hits off this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single on this album?", "answer": {"text": "The Beautiful Side of Somewhere", "answer_start": 1337, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_0_q#5", "question": "Did any songs reach no 1?", "rewrite": "Did any songs in the album 'Rebel,Sweetheart'  reach no 1?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Cowboy's Sweetheart  Cowboy's Sweetheart is the name of a studio album, released by country singer Lynn Anderson in 1992. Anderson had recently finished a long and lucrative career in the country music business, releasing and promoting albums and singles for the public. She finished her last album in 1988 with \"What She Does Best,\" and a final single from that album titled, \" How Many Hearts\". This was her first album in four years and contains all new material. The album has a more Western music theme than previous releases, with songs reflecting this theme. The title \"Cowboy's Sweetheart\" fits Anderson's own personal profile since she used to be a professional equestrian and horse racer during her time spent away from the music business. Songs included on this album were new songs for Anderson to record, but many were cover versions, including her own Top 30 hit from 1980, \"Even Cowgirls Get the Blues\", as well as Patsy Montana's 1935 classic Western hit, \"I Want to Be a Cowboy's Sweetheart\", and Slim Whitman's \"Red River Valley\". Pop songs that have a Western theme are also included here, such as Gogi Grant's \"The Wayward Wind\" (a duet with Emmylou Harris) and Cole Porter's \"Don't Fence Me In\".", "The class-nominated candidate whose respective class sold the most war bonds and stamps was declared Indian Sweetheart. The war bond raising selection method was used from 1942-1945. In 1943, Mary Holloway was crowned Indian Sweetheart for the second consecutive year and remains the only lady to hold the title twice. In 1945, Chrystelle Roberson held a reunion of the past Indian Sweethearts and unknowingly the tradition of the headdress began. Betty Maxine Farnsworth, the first Indian Sweetheart presented Chrystelle with a headdress, created by Doris Jewell, which has become the symbol of the Indian Sweetheart. In 1950, Gerry Jean Ennis, a polio and bed-stricken student became the only unanimously elected Indian Sweetheart in school history. After the war years, the Indian Sweetheart became a vote among the classes. Two junior and two senior girls were nominated by the Student Council to run in an election in which the entire student body would elect an Indian Sweetheart. In 1961, the Class of 1949 donated an arm band and leg band to the Indian Sweetheart in memory of Barbara Lannart, 14th Indian Sweetheart who died in a car accident along with her husband and children. In 1986, a protest from the students resulted in a change that allowed for any upcoming senior girl to run. Today, any junior girl who meets the criteria specified in the Indian Sweetheart Constitution and Bylaws, can run for the honor. If elected, she is presented in an elaborate half-time ceremony with the Redskin Band performing traditional music during the first home football game of her senior year. After the game, a school dance is held in her honor by the Cheerleaders. She also becomes an honorary member of the Varsity Cheerleading Squad and an honorary Homecoming Duchess. During the year she serves as the ceremonial role model figurehead for the student body and the Donna community. The Varsity Night Uniform", "The Sweetheart Tree The Sweetheart Tree is an album by American pop singer Johnny Mathis that was released by Mercury Records on September 30, 1965, and included songs associated with Italy (\"Arrivederci Roma\"), France (\"Clopin Clopant\"), Ireland (\"Danny Boy\"), and Scotland (\"The Skye Boat Song\") as well as several selections, such as \"I'll Close My Eyes\" and \"The Very Thought of You\", from English composers. The title song from the album had its first chart appearance on \"Billboard\" magazine's list of the 40 most popular Easy Listening songs in the US in the issue dated July 24 of that year and got as high as number 21 over the course of 10 weeks. It also bubbled under \"Billboard\"'s Hot 100 for six weeks beginning in the August 7 issue, during which time it peaked at number 108. The album debuted on the magazine's Top LP's chart shortly after its release, in the issue dated October 16, 1965, and reached number 71 during its 26 weeks there. The album \"The Sweetheart Tree\" was released for the first time on compact disc on November 6, 2012, as one of two albums on one CD, the second of the two being his 1966 follow-up, \"The Shadow of Your Smile\". Both were also included in Sony's Mathis box set \"The Complete Global Albums Collection\", which was released on November 17, 2014. Much of the album was recorded in London and features songs with an international flavor. It was released in two versions: in the US as \"The Sweetheart Tree\", and in the UK it appeared under the title \"Away From Home\". Ten of the songs are found on both albums. The US version has twelve tracks and includes the title track and \"Mirage\", not found on the UK version.", "Sweetheart deal A sweetheart deal or sweetheart contract is a contractual agreement, usually worked out in secret, that greatly benefits some of the parties while inappropriately disadvantaging other parties or the public at large. The term was coined in the 1940s to describe corrupt labor contracts that were favorable to the employer rather than the workers, and usually involved some kind of kickback or special treatment for the labor negotiator. The term is also applied to special arrangements between private corporations and government entities, whereby the corporation and sometimes a government official reap the benefits, rather than the public. No-bid contracts may be awarded to people who have political connections or make donations to influential politicians. Sometimes a sweetheart deal involves tax breaks or other inducements to get a corporation to do business in that city or state. A \"sweetheart settlement\" may also occur in a legal context. For example, in a class-action lawsuit the attorneys representing a class of plaintiffs may reach an agreement with the defendant in which the primary result is a lucrative fee for the attorneys rather than maximum compensation for the class members. The 1959 Landrum-Griffin Act was a federal law that attempted to prevent sweetheart labor contracts and other forms of corrupt dealing by unions. A 2019 study examined the language of government contracts, looking for \"sweetheart terms\" \u2013 wording that is \"highly favorable to the firm, but not obviously advantageous to the government\". They found that such language is more commonly included in contracts with firms that make political contributions.", "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz."], "answer": {"text": "The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio.", "answer_start": 1337}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Which album is Rebel,Sweetheart?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything unique about the recording of this album?", "answer": {"text": "This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album,", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hits off this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single on this album?", "answer": {"text": "The Beautiful Side of Somewhere", "answer_start": 1337, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this song released?", "answer": {"text": "hit No. 5 on AAA radio.", "answer_start": 1371, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#0", "question": "What is Red letter days?", "rewrite": "What is Red letter days?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Red Letter Days (album) Red Letter Days is the fourth album by The Wallflowers, released in 2002. The album peaked at #32 on the Billboard 200. \" Red Letter Days\" was the first Wallflowers record that featured Jakob Dylan playing a majority of the lead guitar parts. The album had a much more aggressive sound than any of their previous releases, especially the song \"Everybody Out of the Water,\" which they performed on \"The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn\". The first single and only music video shot was for \" When You're On Top. \" Although the album contains some profanity (in \"Everybody Out of the Water\"), it does not carry the Parental Advisory sticker. It was produced by the band's first guitarist Tobi Miller. Up to May 2005, \"Red Letter Days\" had sold 208,000 copies, according to Nielsen Soundscan. After years of fetching hundreds of dollars for an original pressing on the open market, \"Red Letter Days\" was reissued on LP for its 15th anniversary on November 3rd, 2017. All songs written by Jakob Dylan Japanese bonus tracks \"Everybody Out of the Water\" has been used in an episode of \"\", and \"The Empire in My Mind\" was the main theme of the television series \"The Guardian\" for its second and third seasons. The Wallflowers Additional personnel", "Red Letter Days Red Letter Days is a UK company which was an early adopter of the concept of giving experience day vouchers as gifts and corporate rewards, based in Borehamwood in the offices of its parent company, Buyagift. The company is now owned by French firm, The Smartbox group, based in Dublin since 2016, who offer gift experiences throughout a number of European countries. The company was founded by former Dragons' Den entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who developed the idea for Red Letter Days after creatively packaging cricket tickets to give to her father. She saw the opportunity for packaging intangible experiences as gifts and established Red Letter Days in 1989. The business began to take off after placing brochure inserts into national newspapers and magazines in the lead up to Christmas, 1990. In 2005, Sir Rodney Walker was listed as the chairman in anticipation of listing on the Alternative Investment Market, hoping to float on the stock market later that year. After expanding via supermarket distribution, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; the remaining assets and goods were bought by fellow Dragons' Den entrepreneurs Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones in 2005. They revealed on \"\" that they made the decision to purchase the company whilst under the influence of alcohol. Following the acquisition, Jones and Paphitis said that all vouchers bought on a Visa or credit card had been honoured as well as corporate customers. Although Elnaugh was at the helm before and at the time of the company's failure just days after the birth of her fourth child, she blames the problems on the actions of a previous CEO, Simon Vincent, who she appointed in 2002 but who left the company two years before in early in 2003, while she took a non-executive role.", "Experiential gifts Experiential gifts also known as gift experiences and experience gifts, as opposed to material gifts, allow the recipient to have an experience, such as skydiving, kayaking, race car driving or touring a vineyard. Purchases typically take the form of vouchers or gift certificates via email or retailed boxes. Pioneered in the UK in the 1990s, now represent one of the faster-growing segments of the $253 billion a year gift industry. Experiential gifts fall into a number of categories but the sector is always innovating and introducing new experiences : One of the pioneers of the industry was the United Kingdom-based Red Letter Days, which rose to meteoric heights before crashing down to virtual bankruptcy. Red Letter Days was founded in 1989 by British entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who reportedly came up with the idea of gift experiences after looking for a creative way to give her father tickets to an England cricket team match. The success of Red Letter Days led to Elnaugh winning the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2002 and a role as a Dragon on \"BBCTV's Dragon's Den\". Red Letter Days was purchased out of administration in August 2005 by Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones, who were also Dragons on the BBCTV show. The heavily indebted business was turned round under a new Chief Executive, returned to profitability and sold to its major international rival, Smartbox Group, in 2017. Acorne Sports was founded in the same year as Red Letter Days. Later renamed Virgin Experience Days, it was bought by private equity investors Inflexion in 2017. Activity Superstore is the leading supplier of gift experiences to the retail sector, and specialist digital agencies including Trackdays.co.uk and Into the Blue focus on popular experience categories such as driving and flying.", "ITV1's \"\"Tonight Programme\"\" had a more critical explanation of the demise of Red Letter Days, including unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested the business model failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead using it for working capital. Whilst Elnaugh blamed the company's bankers, who placed \u00a33 million in a bond which they refused to release for use by the firm despite the fact that some of it may have related to vouchers that had expired and were not recoverable against the business. It was the funds held by the credit card company under this bond which enabled the new owners to honour vouchers issued prior to the company falling into administration. Mrs. Elnaugh admitted in her book \u201cBusiness Nightmares\u201d that her finance team had lost track of the company\u2019s voucher liabilities and its debts to suppliers. After Red Letter Days went into administration with a balance sheet deficiency approaching \u00a39 million, Elnaugh left the Dragons' Den. Under its ownership since 2005, Red Letter Days has continued to offer a wide range of experience days, including car racing, skydiving, white water rafting, hot air ballooning, paintball and bungee jumping as well as day spa experiences. Under Paphitis and Jones' ownership, the company went from administration to an annual turnover of over \u00a320 million. They sold the now profitable Red Letter Days to Buyagift for an undisclosed price, claiming that \"the time felt right and the sale will ensure an exciting and progressive next chapter in Red Letter Days' evolvement\". Red Letter Days was bought by the French multinational company Smart&co S.A.S in 2017, joining other brands like Buyagift, Dakotabox and Odisseias.", "Rachel Elnaugh Rachel Elnaugh (born 12 December 1964) is a British entrepreneur who founded the UK gift company Red Letter Days. She was one of the investors participating in the first two series of BBC Two's TV show \"Dragons' Den\". When she was younger she lived above her Father's electrical shop, 'Elnaugh and Son' in Chelmsford. Rachel attended Chelmsford County High School for Girls, a Grammar School in Essex. She originally wanted to take art history, but she was rejected by five universities, and she climbed the corporate ladder from being an office junior in a local firm of accountants to become a qualified tax consult with Arthur Andersen. In 1989 Elnaugh founded Red Letter Days, one of the first UK companies to sell experiential gifts such as motor racing days, hot air ballooning and health spa days. The idea to set up Red Letter Days came from purchasing tickets to a cricket match for her father as a gift. The company grew to an \u00a318 million turnover, and led to Elnaugh being a 2001/2 finalist in the Veuve Clicquot Businesswoman of the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. After an attempt to expand the business into the retail sector, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; Elnaugh had become a dragon on the TV series \"Dragons' Den\", the remaining assets and goods of Red Letter Days were bought by fellow ' judges Peter Jones and Theo Paphitis. ITV1's \"Tonight\" programme criticized the business model of Red Letter Days, which included unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested that the company failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead of using it for working capital. However, Elnaugh blamed Red Letter Days' bankers."], "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#1", "question": "What is a single from that album?", "rewrite": "What is a single from the album Red Letter Days?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Experiential gifts Experiential gifts also known as gift experiences and experience gifts, as opposed to material gifts, allow the recipient to have an experience, such as skydiving, kayaking, race car driving or touring a vineyard. Purchases typically take the form of vouchers or gift certificates via email or retailed boxes. Pioneered in the UK in the 1990s, now represent one of the faster-growing segments of the $253 billion a year gift industry. Experiential gifts fall into a number of categories but the sector is always innovating and introducing new experiences : One of the pioneers of the industry was the United Kingdom-based Red Letter Days, which rose to meteoric heights before crashing down to virtual bankruptcy. Red Letter Days was founded in 1989 by British entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who reportedly came up with the idea of gift experiences after looking for a creative way to give her father tickets to an England cricket team match. The success of Red Letter Days led to Elnaugh winning the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2002 and a role as a Dragon on \"BBCTV's Dragon's Den\". Red Letter Days was purchased out of administration in August 2005 by Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones, who were also Dragons on the BBCTV show. The heavily indebted business was turned round under a new Chief Executive, returned to profitability and sold to its major international rival, Smartbox Group, in 2017. Acorne Sports was founded in the same year as Red Letter Days. Later renamed Virgin Experience Days, it was bought by private equity investors Inflexion in 2017. Activity Superstore is the leading supplier of gift experiences to the retail sector, and specialist digital agencies including Trackdays.co.uk and Into the Blue focus on popular experience categories such as driving and flying.", "ITV1's \"\"Tonight Programme\"\" had a more critical explanation of the demise of Red Letter Days, including unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested the business model failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead using it for working capital. Whilst Elnaugh blamed the company's bankers, who placed \u00a33 million in a bond which they refused to release for use by the firm despite the fact that some of it may have related to vouchers that had expired and were not recoverable against the business. It was the funds held by the credit card company under this bond which enabled the new owners to honour vouchers issued prior to the company falling into administration. Mrs. Elnaugh admitted in her book \u201cBusiness Nightmares\u201d that her finance team had lost track of the company\u2019s voucher liabilities and its debts to suppliers. After Red Letter Days went into administration with a balance sheet deficiency approaching \u00a39 million, Elnaugh left the Dragons' Den. Under its ownership since 2005, Red Letter Days has continued to offer a wide range of experience days, including car racing, skydiving, white water rafting, hot air ballooning, paintball and bungee jumping as well as day spa experiences. Under Paphitis and Jones' ownership, the company went from administration to an annual turnover of over \u00a320 million. They sold the now profitable Red Letter Days to Buyagift for an undisclosed price, claiming that \"the time felt right and the sale will ensure an exciting and progressive next chapter in Red Letter Days' evolvement\". Red Letter Days was bought by the French multinational company Smart&co S.A.S in 2017, joining other brands like Buyagift, Dakotabox and Odisseias.", "Red Letter Days (album) Red Letter Days is the fourth album by The Wallflowers, released in 2002. The album peaked at #32 on the Billboard 200. \" Red Letter Days\" was the first Wallflowers record that featured Jakob Dylan playing a majority of the lead guitar parts. The album had a much more aggressive sound than any of their previous releases, especially the song \"Everybody Out of the Water,\" which they performed on \"The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn\". The first single and only music video shot was for \" When You're On Top. \" Although the album contains some profanity (in \"Everybody Out of the Water\"), it does not carry the Parental Advisory sticker. It was produced by the band's first guitarist Tobi Miller. Up to May 2005, \"Red Letter Days\" had sold 208,000 copies, according to Nielsen Soundscan. After years of fetching hundreds of dollars for an original pressing on the open market, \"Red Letter Days\" was reissued on LP for its 15th anniversary on November 3rd, 2017. All songs written by Jakob Dylan Japanese bonus tracks \"Everybody Out of the Water\" has been used in an episode of \"\", and \"The Empire in My Mind\" was the main theme of the television series \"The Guardian\" for its second and third seasons. The Wallflowers Additional personnel", "Rachel Elnaugh Rachel Elnaugh (born 12 December 1964) is a British entrepreneur who founded the UK gift company Red Letter Days. She was one of the investors participating in the first two series of BBC Two's TV show \"Dragons' Den\". When she was younger she lived above her Father's electrical shop, 'Elnaugh and Son' in Chelmsford. Rachel attended Chelmsford County High School for Girls, a Grammar School in Essex. She originally wanted to take art history, but she was rejected by five universities, and she climbed the corporate ladder from being an office junior in a local firm of accountants to become a qualified tax consult with Arthur Andersen. In 1989 Elnaugh founded Red Letter Days, one of the first UK companies to sell experiential gifts such as motor racing days, hot air ballooning and health spa days. The idea to set up Red Letter Days came from purchasing tickets to a cricket match for her father as a gift. The company grew to an \u00a318 million turnover, and led to Elnaugh being a 2001/2 finalist in the Veuve Clicquot Businesswoman of the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. After an attempt to expand the business into the retail sector, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; Elnaugh had become a dragon on the TV series \"Dragons' Den\", the remaining assets and goods of Red Letter Days were bought by fellow ' judges Peter Jones and Theo Paphitis. ITV1's \"Tonight\" programme criticized the business model of Red Letter Days, which included unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested that the company failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead of using it for working capital. However, Elnaugh blamed Red Letter Days' bankers.", "In 2001, Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days. Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment. Some recording was also done at keyboardist Rami Jaffee's house. Once the band was finished touring for the year they began recording the bulk of the new record at Jackson Browne's studio in Santa Monica. By the time the Wallflowers had gotten into Browne's studio, Michael Ward had left the band, leaving them without a lead guitarist for the recording process. Dylan took on much of the lead guitar duties with Mike McCready, Rusty Anderson and Val McCallum also contributing on guitar. Moe Z M.D., who had been touring with Mellencamp, contributed additional percussion and background vocals to the album.Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry. Recording continued through the new year and was completed on April 12, 2002. The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums. Mixing was completed on May 15, 2002. While the Wallflowers were working on Red Letter Days, they recorded a cover of the Beatles' 1965 song \"I'm Looking Through You\" for the soundtrack to the 2001 film I Am Sam. The soundtrack was released on January 8, 2002. The first single from the Red Letter Days, \"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002. A music video directed by Marc Webb followed. After a few false starts, Red Letter Days was released on November 5, 2002. The album was met with mixed to positive reviews. Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album. Commercial performance was relatively mixed as well, peaking at No.32 on the Billboard 200."], "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#2", "question": "Did it do well?", "rewrite": "Did When You're On Top do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["List of people from Melbourne This is a list of people from Melbourne with some call to fame. A Melburnian is an inhabitant of Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, Australia. The word is a demonym. The following were born or grew up in Melbourne. Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top These people were not born in Melbourne but are or were well known for living or working there. Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top", "List of Country Music Hall of Fame inductees This is a list of the 139 inductees to the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, , counting groups as a single inductee. Of these, 20 inductions include women (17 of those being solo performers). Roy Rogers is unique in that he was inducted twice: in 1980 as a member of the Sons of the Pioneers and again in 1988 as a solo artist. Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page   Return to top of page Return to top of page  Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page Return to top of page  Return to top of page Return to top of page", "List of indie rock musicians This is a list of notable indie rock artists. Individual musicians are listed alphabetically by their last name. Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top Two Gallants Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top", "List of Australian musicians This is a list of Australian musicians, musical groups and recording artists of all genres, including stand up comedy. Some performers started out overseas, or moved overseas when successful. These are noted with a two letter country code where known. More details are in their articles. Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   http://www.progarchives.com/ Progressive Rock archive", "List of post-punk revival bands Post-punk revival is a type of indie rock that emulates the sound of post-punk bands of the late 1970s and new wave bands of the early 1980s and has been stylistically tied to 1990s music movements such as shoegazing, Britpop, garage revival and post-hardcore. They feature a more artsy, complex sound than other branches of indie rock, and often add synthesizer or other electronic sounds to the traditional guitar, bass and drums lineup. Post-punk revivalism started in England in the early 2000s and, while it is still strongest there, has grown in popularity in the US, Australia and Canada. Post-punk revivalism is prevalent in the London and New York City music scenes. Back to top   Back to top Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top   Back to top"], "answer": {"text": "The album was met with mixed to positive reviews.", "answer_start": 1550}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#3", "question": "Did the band tour for the album?", "rewrite": "Did the Wallflowers tour for the album Red Letter Days?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["ITV1's \"\"Tonight Programme\"\" had a more critical explanation of the demise of Red Letter Days, including unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested the business model failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead using it for working capital. Whilst Elnaugh blamed the company's bankers, who placed \u00a33 million in a bond which they refused to release for use by the firm despite the fact that some of it may have related to vouchers that had expired and were not recoverable against the business. It was the funds held by the credit card company under this bond which enabled the new owners to honour vouchers issued prior to the company falling into administration. Mrs. Elnaugh admitted in her book \u201cBusiness Nightmares\u201d that her finance team had lost track of the company\u2019s voucher liabilities and its debts to suppliers. After Red Letter Days went into administration with a balance sheet deficiency approaching \u00a39 million, Elnaugh left the Dragons' Den. Under its ownership since 2005, Red Letter Days has continued to offer a wide range of experience days, including car racing, skydiving, white water rafting, hot air ballooning, paintball and bungee jumping as well as day spa experiences. Under Paphitis and Jones' ownership, the company went from administration to an annual turnover of over \u00a320 million. They sold the now profitable Red Letter Days to Buyagift for an undisclosed price, claiming that \"the time felt right and the sale will ensure an exciting and progressive next chapter in Red Letter Days' evolvement\". Red Letter Days was bought by the French multinational company Smart&co S.A.S in 2017, joining other brands like Buyagift, Dakotabox and Odisseias.", "Red Letter Days (album) Red Letter Days is the fourth album by The Wallflowers, released in 2002. The album peaked at #32 on the Billboard 200. \" Red Letter Days\" was the first Wallflowers record that featured Jakob Dylan playing a majority of the lead guitar parts. The album had a much more aggressive sound than any of their previous releases, especially the song \"Everybody Out of the Water,\" which they performed on \"The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn\". The first single and only music video shot was for \" When You're On Top. \" Although the album contains some profanity (in \"Everybody Out of the Water\"), it does not carry the Parental Advisory sticker. It was produced by the band's first guitarist Tobi Miller. Up to May 2005, \"Red Letter Days\" had sold 208,000 copies, according to Nielsen Soundscan. After years of fetching hundreds of dollars for an original pressing on the open market, \"Red Letter Days\" was reissued on LP for its 15th anniversary on November 3rd, 2017. All songs written by Jakob Dylan Japanese bonus tracks \"Everybody Out of the Water\" has been used in an episode of \"\", and \"The Empire in My Mind\" was the main theme of the television series \"The Guardian\" for its second and third seasons. The Wallflowers Additional personnel", "In 2001, Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days. Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment. Some recording was also done at keyboardist Rami Jaffee's house. Once the band was finished touring for the year they began recording the bulk of the new record at Jackson Browne's studio in Santa Monica. By the time the Wallflowers had gotten into Browne's studio, Michael Ward had left the band, leaving them without a lead guitarist for the recording process. Dylan took on much of the lead guitar duties with Mike McCready, Rusty Anderson and Val McCallum also contributing on guitar. Moe Z M.D., who had been touring with Mellencamp, contributed additional percussion and background vocals to the album.Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry. Recording continued through the new year and was completed on April 12, 2002. The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums. Mixing was completed on May 15, 2002. While the Wallflowers were working on Red Letter Days, they recorded a cover of the Beatles' 1965 song \"I'm Looking Through You\" for the soundtrack to the 2001 film I Am Sam. The soundtrack was released on January 8, 2002. The first single from the Red Letter Days, \"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002. A music video directed by Marc Webb followed. After a few false starts, Red Letter Days was released on November 5, 2002. The album was met with mixed to positive reviews. Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album. Commercial performance was relatively mixed as well, peaking at No.32 on the Billboard 200.", "Due to the absence of a lead guitarist during the recording for \"Red Letter Days\", Dylan took on more lead guitar duties than he had previously. \" Red Letter Days\" was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller and Bill Appleberry. Following the release of the album's first single, \"When You're On Top\" on August 16, 2002, \"Red Letter Days\" was released on November 5, 2002. Following tours in the U.S. and Europe, drummer Mario Calire announced he was leaving the Wallflowers in 2003. The Wallflowers returned to the studio in July 2004 to record their fifth album, \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". Instead of recording in Los Angeles, the Wallflowers instead opted to record in Atlanta, Georgia; which was where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, was based. To replace drummer Mario Calire, Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers just before getting into the studio. In addition to writing the songs, Dylan also painted the cover art for this album. \"Rebel, Sweetheart\" was released on May 24, 2005. The Wallflowers toured through the summer of 2005, joined by guitarist Stuart Mathis, on what would be their last tour for 2 years. After 2005, the Wallflowers parted ways with their longtime record label, Interscope Records. Beginning in 2006, Dylan began playing shows without the Wallflowers, though he did tour with the band on numerous occasions between 2007 and 2009. In May and June 2006, Dylan toured with former Wallflowers producer T Bone Burnett, performing solo acoustic opening sets. In fall of that year, Dylan's song \"Here Comes Now\" was featured as the theme song for an ABC drama, \"Six Degrees\". Also in the fall of 2006, it was announced that Dylan had signed a solo recording contract with Columbia Records.", "Rachel Elnaugh Rachel Elnaugh (born 12 December 1964) is a British entrepreneur who founded the UK gift company Red Letter Days. She was one of the investors participating in the first two series of BBC Two's TV show \"Dragons' Den\". When she was younger she lived above her Father's electrical shop, 'Elnaugh and Son' in Chelmsford. Rachel attended Chelmsford County High School for Girls, a Grammar School in Essex. She originally wanted to take art history, but she was rejected by five universities, and she climbed the corporate ladder from being an office junior in a local firm of accountants to become a qualified tax consult with Arthur Andersen. In 1989 Elnaugh founded Red Letter Days, one of the first UK companies to sell experiential gifts such as motor racing days, hot air ballooning and health spa days. The idea to set up Red Letter Days came from purchasing tickets to a cricket match for her father as a gift. The company grew to an \u00a318 million turnover, and led to Elnaugh being a 2001/2 finalist in the Veuve Clicquot Businesswoman of the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. After an attempt to expand the business into the retail sector, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; Elnaugh had become a dragon on the TV series \"Dragons' Den\", the remaining assets and goods of Red Letter Days were bought by fellow ' judges Peter Jones and Theo Paphitis. ITV1's \"Tonight\" programme criticized the business model of Red Letter Days, which included unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested that the company failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead of using it for working capital. However, Elnaugh blamed Red Letter Days' bankers."], "answer": {"text": "Around the time of Red Letter Days' release the Wallflowers embarked on a monthlong U.S. tour stretching into early December.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album was met with mixed to positive reviews.", "answer_start": 1550, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#4", "question": "Who wrote the songs?", "rewrite": "Who wrote the songs for the album Red Letter Days?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Red Letter Days (album) Red Letter Days is the fourth album by The Wallflowers, released in 2002. The album peaked at #32 on the Billboard 200. \" Red Letter Days\" was the first Wallflowers record that featured Jakob Dylan playing a majority of the lead guitar parts. The album had a much more aggressive sound than any of their previous releases, especially the song \"Everybody Out of the Water,\" which they performed on \"The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn\". The first single and only music video shot was for \" When You're On Top. \" Although the album contains some profanity (in \"Everybody Out of the Water\"), it does not carry the Parental Advisory sticker. It was produced by the band's first guitarist Tobi Miller. Up to May 2005, \"Red Letter Days\" had sold 208,000 copies, according to Nielsen Soundscan. After years of fetching hundreds of dollars for an original pressing on the open market, \"Red Letter Days\" was reissued on LP for its 15th anniversary on November 3rd, 2017. All songs written by Jakob Dylan Japanese bonus tracks \"Everybody Out of the Water\" has been used in an episode of \"\", and \"The Empire in My Mind\" was the main theme of the television series \"The Guardian\" for its second and third seasons. The Wallflowers Additional personnel", "Red Letter Days Red Letter Days is a UK company which was an early adopter of the concept of giving experience day vouchers as gifts and corporate rewards, based in Borehamwood in the offices of its parent company, Buyagift. The company is now owned by French firm, The Smartbox group, based in Dublin since 2016, who offer gift experiences throughout a number of European countries. The company was founded by former Dragons' Den entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who developed the idea for Red Letter Days after creatively packaging cricket tickets to give to her father. She saw the opportunity for packaging intangible experiences as gifts and established Red Letter Days in 1989. The business began to take off after placing brochure inserts into national newspapers and magazines in the lead up to Christmas, 1990. In 2005, Sir Rodney Walker was listed as the chairman in anticipation of listing on the Alternative Investment Market, hoping to float on the stock market later that year. After expanding via supermarket distribution, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; the remaining assets and goods were bought by fellow Dragons' Den entrepreneurs Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones in 2005. They revealed on \"\" that they made the decision to purchase the company whilst under the influence of alcohol. Following the acquisition, Jones and Paphitis said that all vouchers bought on a Visa or credit card had been honoured as well as corporate customers. Although Elnaugh was at the helm before and at the time of the company's failure just days after the birth of her fourth child, she blames the problems on the actions of a previous CEO, Simon Vincent, who she appointed in 2002 but who left the company two years before in early in 2003, while she took a non-executive role.", "Rachel Elnaugh Rachel Elnaugh (born 12 December 1964) is a British entrepreneur who founded the UK gift company Red Letter Days. She was one of the investors participating in the first two series of BBC Two's TV show \"Dragons' Den\". When she was younger she lived above her Father's electrical shop, 'Elnaugh and Son' in Chelmsford. Rachel attended Chelmsford County High School for Girls, a Grammar School in Essex. She originally wanted to take art history, but she was rejected by five universities, and she climbed the corporate ladder from being an office junior in a local firm of accountants to become a qualified tax consult with Arthur Andersen. In 1989 Elnaugh founded Red Letter Days, one of the first UK companies to sell experiential gifts such as motor racing days, hot air ballooning and health spa days. The idea to set up Red Letter Days came from purchasing tickets to a cricket match for her father as a gift. The company grew to an \u00a318 million turnover, and led to Elnaugh being a 2001/2 finalist in the Veuve Clicquot Businesswoman of the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. After an attempt to expand the business into the retail sector, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; Elnaugh had become a dragon on the TV series \"Dragons' Den\", the remaining assets and goods of Red Letter Days were bought by fellow ' judges Peter Jones and Theo Paphitis. ITV1's \"Tonight\" programme criticized the business model of Red Letter Days, which included unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested that the company failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead of using it for working capital. However, Elnaugh blamed Red Letter Days' bankers.", "In 2001, Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days. Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment. Some recording was also done at keyboardist Rami Jaffee's house. Once the band was finished touring for the year they began recording the bulk of the new record at Jackson Browne's studio in Santa Monica. By the time the Wallflowers had gotten into Browne's studio, Michael Ward had left the band, leaving them without a lead guitarist for the recording process. Dylan took on much of the lead guitar duties with Mike McCready, Rusty Anderson and Val McCallum also contributing on guitar. Moe Z M.D., who had been touring with Mellencamp, contributed additional percussion and background vocals to the album.Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry. Recording continued through the new year and was completed on April 12, 2002. The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums. Mixing was completed on May 15, 2002. While the Wallflowers were working on Red Letter Days, they recorded a cover of the Beatles' 1965 song \"I'm Looking Through You\" for the soundtrack to the 2001 film I Am Sam. The soundtrack was released on January 8, 2002. The first single from the Red Letter Days, \"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002. A music video directed by Marc Webb followed. After a few false starts, Red Letter Days was released on November 5, 2002. The album was met with mixed to positive reviews. Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album. Commercial performance was relatively mixed as well, peaking at No.32 on the Billboard 200.", "ITV1's \"\"Tonight Programme\"\" had a more critical explanation of the demise of Red Letter Days, including unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested the business model failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead using it for working capital. Whilst Elnaugh blamed the company's bankers, who placed \u00a33 million in a bond which they refused to release for use by the firm despite the fact that some of it may have related to vouchers that had expired and were not recoverable against the business. It was the funds held by the credit card company under this bond which enabled the new owners to honour vouchers issued prior to the company falling into administration. Mrs. Elnaugh admitted in her book \u201cBusiness Nightmares\u201d that her finance team had lost track of the company\u2019s voucher liabilities and its debts to suppliers. After Red Letter Days went into administration with a balance sheet deficiency approaching \u00a39 million, Elnaugh left the Dragons' Den. Under its ownership since 2005, Red Letter Days has continued to offer a wide range of experience days, including car racing, skydiving, white water rafting, hot air ballooning, paintball and bungee jumping as well as day spa experiences. Under Paphitis and Jones' ownership, the company went from administration to an annual turnover of over \u00a320 million. They sold the now profitable Red Letter Days to Buyagift for an undisclosed price, claiming that \"the time felt right and the sale will ensure an exciting and progressive next chapter in Red Letter Days' evolvement\". Red Letter Days was bought by the French multinational company Smart&co S.A.S in 2017, joining other brands like Buyagift, Dakotabox and Odisseias."], "answer": {"text": "Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album,", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album was met with mixed to positive reviews.", "answer_start": 1550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for the album?", "answer": {"text": "Around the time of Red Letter Days' release the Wallflowers embarked on a monthlong U.S. tour stretching into early December.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#5", "question": "What is a highlight regarding Red Letter Days?", "rewrite": "What is a highlight regarding Red Letter Days besides the monthlong U.S. tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 2001, Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days. Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment. Some recording was also done at keyboardist Rami Jaffee's house. Once the band was finished touring for the year they began recording the bulk of the new record at Jackson Browne's studio in Santa Monica. By the time the Wallflowers had gotten into Browne's studio, Michael Ward had left the band, leaving them without a lead guitarist for the recording process. Dylan took on much of the lead guitar duties with Mike McCready, Rusty Anderson and Val McCallum also contributing on guitar. Moe Z M.D., who had been touring with Mellencamp, contributed additional percussion and background vocals to the album.Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry. Recording continued through the new year and was completed on April 12, 2002. The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums. Mixing was completed on May 15, 2002. While the Wallflowers were working on Red Letter Days, they recorded a cover of the Beatles' 1965 song \"I'm Looking Through You\" for the soundtrack to the 2001 film I Am Sam. The soundtrack was released on January 8, 2002. The first single from the Red Letter Days, \"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002. A music video directed by Marc Webb followed. After a few false starts, Red Letter Days was released on November 5, 2002. The album was met with mixed to positive reviews. Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album. Commercial performance was relatively mixed as well, peaking at No.32 on the Billboard 200.", "Experiential gifts Experiential gifts also known as gift experiences and experience gifts, as opposed to material gifts, allow the recipient to have an experience, such as skydiving, kayaking, race car driving or touring a vineyard. Purchases typically take the form of vouchers or gift certificates via email or retailed boxes. Pioneered in the UK in the 1990s, now represent one of the faster-growing segments of the $253 billion a year gift industry. Experiential gifts fall into a number of categories but the sector is always innovating and introducing new experiences : One of the pioneers of the industry was the United Kingdom-based Red Letter Days, which rose to meteoric heights before crashing down to virtual bankruptcy. Red Letter Days was founded in 1989 by British entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who reportedly came up with the idea of gift experiences after looking for a creative way to give her father tickets to an England cricket team match. The success of Red Letter Days led to Elnaugh winning the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2002 and a role as a Dragon on \"BBCTV's Dragon's Den\". Red Letter Days was purchased out of administration in August 2005 by Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones, who were also Dragons on the BBCTV show. The heavily indebted business was turned round under a new Chief Executive, returned to profitability and sold to its major international rival, Smartbox Group, in 2017. Acorne Sports was founded in the same year as Red Letter Days. Later renamed Virgin Experience Days, it was bought by private equity investors Inflexion in 2017. Activity Superstore is the leading supplier of gift experiences to the retail sector, and specialist digital agencies including Trackdays.co.uk and Into the Blue focus on popular experience categories such as driving and flying.", "Red Letter Days Red Letter Days is a UK company which was an early adopter of the concept of giving experience day vouchers as gifts and corporate rewards, based in Borehamwood in the offices of its parent company, Buyagift. The company is now owned by French firm, The Smartbox group, based in Dublin since 2016, who offer gift experiences throughout a number of European countries. The company was founded by former Dragons' Den entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who developed the idea for Red Letter Days after creatively packaging cricket tickets to give to her father. She saw the opportunity for packaging intangible experiences as gifts and established Red Letter Days in 1989. The business began to take off after placing brochure inserts into national newspapers and magazines in the lead up to Christmas, 1990. In 2005, Sir Rodney Walker was listed as the chairman in anticipation of listing on the Alternative Investment Market, hoping to float on the stock market later that year. After expanding via supermarket distribution, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; the remaining assets and goods were bought by fellow Dragons' Den entrepreneurs Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones in 2005. They revealed on \"\" that they made the decision to purchase the company whilst under the influence of alcohol. Following the acquisition, Jones and Paphitis said that all vouchers bought on a Visa or credit card had been honoured as well as corporate customers. Although Elnaugh was at the helm before and at the time of the company's failure just days after the birth of her fourth child, she blames the problems on the actions of a previous CEO, Simon Vincent, who she appointed in 2002 but who left the company two years before in early in 2003, while she took a non-executive role.", "ITV1's \"\"Tonight Programme\"\" had a more critical explanation of the demise of Red Letter Days, including unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested the business model failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead using it for working capital. Whilst Elnaugh blamed the company's bankers, who placed \u00a33 million in a bond which they refused to release for use by the firm despite the fact that some of it may have related to vouchers that had expired and were not recoverable against the business. It was the funds held by the credit card company under this bond which enabled the new owners to honour vouchers issued prior to the company falling into administration. Mrs. Elnaugh admitted in her book \u201cBusiness Nightmares\u201d that her finance team had lost track of the company\u2019s voucher liabilities and its debts to suppliers. After Red Letter Days went into administration with a balance sheet deficiency approaching \u00a39 million, Elnaugh left the Dragons' Den. Under its ownership since 2005, Red Letter Days has continued to offer a wide range of experience days, including car racing, skydiving, white water rafting, hot air ballooning, paintball and bungee jumping as well as day spa experiences. Under Paphitis and Jones' ownership, the company went from administration to an annual turnover of over \u00a320 million. They sold the now profitable Red Letter Days to Buyagift for an undisclosed price, claiming that \"the time felt right and the sale will ensure an exciting and progressive next chapter in Red Letter Days' evolvement\". Red Letter Days was bought by the French multinational company Smart&co S.A.S in 2017, joining other brands like Buyagift, Dakotabox and Odisseias.", "Rachel Elnaugh Rachel Elnaugh (born 12 December 1964) is a British entrepreneur who founded the UK gift company Red Letter Days. She was one of the investors participating in the first two series of BBC Two's TV show \"Dragons' Den\". When she was younger she lived above her Father's electrical shop, 'Elnaugh and Son' in Chelmsford. Rachel attended Chelmsford County High School for Girls, a Grammar School in Essex. She originally wanted to take art history, but she was rejected by five universities, and she climbed the corporate ladder from being an office junior in a local firm of accountants to become a qualified tax consult with Arthur Andersen. In 1989 Elnaugh founded Red Letter Days, one of the first UK companies to sell experiential gifts such as motor racing days, hot air ballooning and health spa days. The idea to set up Red Letter Days came from purchasing tickets to a cricket match for her father as a gift. The company grew to an \u00a318 million turnover, and led to Elnaugh being a 2001/2 finalist in the Veuve Clicquot Businesswoman of the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. After an attempt to expand the business into the retail sector, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; Elnaugh had become a dragon on the TV series \"Dragons' Den\", the remaining assets and goods of Red Letter Days were bought by fellow ' judges Peter Jones and Theo Paphitis. ITV1's \"Tonight\" programme criticized the business model of Red Letter Days, which included unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested that the company failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead of using it for working capital. However, Elnaugh blamed Red Letter Days' bankers."], "answer": {"text": "Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment.", "answer_start": 87}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album was met with mixed to positive reviews.", "answer_start": 1550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for the album?", "answer": {"text": "Around the time of Red Letter Days' release the Wallflowers embarked on a monthlong U.S. tour stretching into early December.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who wrote the songs?", "answer": {"text": "Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#6", "question": "Did they collaborate with any other artists?", "rewrite": "Did the Wallflowers collaborate with any other artists besides John Mellencamp?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Words &amp; Music: John Mellencamp's Greatest Hits  Words & Music: John Mellencamp's Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album by American rock and roll artist John Mellencamp. This 2-disc set was released October 19, 2004 on the Island and UTV Records labels. It is a retrospective of Mellencamp's career at the time of its release, and features at least one song from each of his studio albums released between 1978's \"A Biography\" and 2003's \"Trouble No More\". Two songs, \"Walk Tall\" and \"Thank You,\" were recorded exclusively for this album. No songs from Mellencamp's 1976 debut album \"Chestnut Street Incident\" or 1977's \"The Kid Inside\" are represented. Also omitted is Mellencamp's cover of \"Without Expression,\" which was released on his previous compilation album \"The Best That I Could Do 1978\u20131988\". Initial pressings of the album included a bonus DVD that contained the music videos for \"Crumblin' Down,\" \"R.O.C.K. in the U.S.A.\", \"Rain on the Scarecrow\", \"Check It Out\" and \"Key West Intermezzo (I Saw You First)\". AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the compilation a positive review, describing it as more thorough than \"The Best That I Could Do\" \"1978-1988\", but criticized its non-chronological track listing. In December 2004 the album was certified Platinum by the RIAA. All songs written by John Mellencamp, except where noted.", "After touring for nearly two years, the Wallflowers took a short break before returning to the studio to record their third album, \"(Breach)\". Dylan approached the songwriting process differently this time than he had for the Wallflowers' two previous albums, explaining that he didn't want to avoid the subject of his personal life, as he had done in the past: \"\" (Breach)\" was the first record that I realized that it's necessary and I have a right to write about anything that I want to write about. I'm not going to dance around these subjects anymore ... I don't have any interest in writing songs that are defensive or that address anything that don't come naturally to me but I also realized that I needed to stop this nonsense of pretending that hiding any of this information counts to anybody; it just doesn't really matter anymore.\" The Wallflowers entered the studio towards the end of 1999 with producers Michael Penn and Andrew Slater, the Wallflowers' manager. \" (Breach)\" took about eight months to record and was released on October 10, 2000. The Wallflowers embarked on a tour that lasted through the end of 2000 and into 2001, making stops in Japan and Madison Square Garden in New York for a four-night run, opening for the Who. In October 2000, Dylan was featured on the cover of \"Rolling Stone\" for a second time. In October 2001, guitarist Michael Ward announced he was leaving the Wallflowers, citing creative differences. Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, \"Red Letter Days\" in 2001. The band recorded demos while on tour with John Mellencamp that year before getting into the studio in Santa Monica, California.", "Peaceful World (John Mellencamp song) \"Peaceful World\" is a song written and recorded by the American rock artist John Mellencamp and India. Arie, which appeared on Mellencamp's album \"Cuttin' Heads\". Mellencamp also included the track on his 2007 album \" 20th Century Masters: The Millennium Collection: The Best of John Mellencamp\". The single was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance, but lost to \"Dig In\" by Lenny Kravitz. The song was first played during the 2001 Indianapolis 500, during a commercial for the Indy Racing League, which Mellencamp's wife, Elaine Irwin Mellencamp, was a spokesperson for at the time. The song went on to be the official song of the League for the remainder of the 2001 Indy Racing League season. \"'Peaceful World' was extracted from a conversation with Pat Peterson, who's been singing backup in my touring band since 1981,\" Mellencamp explained to the Denver Post in an August 2001 feature. \"She's my age, and I asked her, 'What's the one thing that's really disturbing to you?' There was no question about it - it's how this new rap music is really harmful to the black race. \"You have the new Uncle Tom, the guy wagging the $200,000 watch and saying, ... ' Gimme the money, man, look what I got that you ain't got ... I'll say whatever you want me to say, and when this (ends), I'll just go back to whatever I'm doing, and I don't care about the damage that I've done.' Meanwhile, white kids in suburbs who buy these records find it entertaining if not comical half the time.", "In 2001, Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days. Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment. Some recording was also done at keyboardist Rami Jaffee's house. Once the band was finished touring for the year they began recording the bulk of the new record at Jackson Browne's studio in Santa Monica. By the time the Wallflowers had gotten into Browne's studio, Michael Ward had left the band, leaving them without a lead guitarist for the recording process. Dylan took on much of the lead guitar duties with Mike McCready, Rusty Anderson and Val McCallum also contributing on guitar. Moe Z M.D., who had been touring with Mellencamp, contributed additional percussion and background vocals to the album.Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry. Recording continued through the new year and was completed on April 12, 2002. The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums. Mixing was completed on May 15, 2002. While the Wallflowers were working on Red Letter Days, they recorded a cover of the Beatles' 1965 song \"I'm Looking Through You\" for the soundtrack to the 2001 film I Am Sam. The soundtrack was released on January 8, 2002. The first single from the Red Letter Days, \"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002. A music video directed by Marc Webb followed. After a few false starts, Red Letter Days was released on November 5, 2002. The album was met with mixed to positive reviews. Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album. Commercial performance was relatively mixed as well, peaking at No.32 on the Billboard 200.", "John Mellencamp discography The following is a comprehensive discography of John Mellencamp, an American singer-songwriter. Mellencamp has previously recorded under the names Johnny Cougar, John Cougar and John Cougar Mellencamp. During Mellencamp's more than four decades in the recording industry, he has released twenty four studio albums, two live albums, three compilation albums, sixty five singles and has appeared on one tribute album and one guest single respectively. His 1976 debut album Chestnut Street Incident (credited to the stage name Johnny Cougar) failed to make any significant impact and was therefore considered a major disappointment for his then record label Mainman. Consequently, Johnny Cougar (the artist) was dropped by Mainman, but his story did not end there. John Mellencamp refused to give up, and was eventually re-signed, (this time to Riva records) although he would continue to record under the John Cougar moniker for several more years. Mellencamp would persevere, gradually evolving as an artist and would later achieve considerable success and critical acclaim (ultimately under his own full name after recording under John Cougar Mellencamp from roughly 1983 until 1991). In all his incarnations, Mellencamp has charted twenty eight singles on the Billboard Hot 100, including twenty two hits in the Top 40, seventeen of which made the Top 20 and ten of those would crack the Top 10. He has scored twenty two albums on the Billboard 200, including seventeen in the Top 20 and eleven in the Top 10. Mellencamp has sold about twenty seven million albums in the US and over sixty million worldwide. He's best known for such signature songs as the iconic chart topper \" Jack And Diane\" as well as \" Hurts So Good\", \" R.O.C.K."], "answer": {"text": "The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums.", "answer_start": 976}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album was met with mixed to positive reviews.", "answer_start": 1550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for the album?", "answer": {"text": "Around the time of Red Letter Days' release the Wallflowers embarked on a monthlong U.S. tour stretching into early December.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who wrote the songs?", "answer": {"text": "Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a highlight regarding Red Letter Days?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment.", "answer_start": 87, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#7", "question": "Who else did they work with?", "rewrite": "Who else did the Wallflowers work with besides Tom Lord-Alge?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2001, Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days. Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment. Some recording was also done at keyboardist Rami Jaffee's house. Once the band was finished touring for the year they began recording the bulk of the new record at Jackson Browne's studio in Santa Monica. By the time the Wallflowers had gotten into Browne's studio, Michael Ward had left the band, leaving them without a lead guitarist for the recording process. Dylan took on much of the lead guitar duties with Mike McCready, Rusty Anderson and Val McCallum also contributing on guitar. Moe Z M.D., who had been touring with Mellencamp, contributed additional percussion and background vocals to the album.Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry. Recording continued through the new year and was completed on April 12, 2002. The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums. Mixing was completed on May 15, 2002. While the Wallflowers were working on Red Letter Days, they recorded a cover of the Beatles' 1965 song \"I'm Looking Through You\" for the soundtrack to the 2001 film I Am Sam. The soundtrack was released on January 8, 2002. The first single from the Red Letter Days, \"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002. A music video directed by Marc Webb followed. After a few false starts, Red Letter Days was released on November 5, 2002. The album was met with mixed to positive reviews. Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album. Commercial performance was relatively mixed as well, peaking at No.32 on the Billboard 200.", "Tom Lord-Alge Tom Lord-Alge (born 1963) is an American music engineer and mixer. Having began his career at The Hit Factory in New York. Subsequently, TLA was the resident mixer at what used to be known as: \"South Beach Studios\" located on the ground floor of the Marlin Hotel. Lord-Alge mixed Live's 2014 album \"Turned\" in Pennsylvania. Lord-Alge received two Grammy Awards for his work on Steve Winwood's \"Back in the High Life\" (1986), and \"Roll With It\" (1988)\u2014both winning in the Best Engineered Recording \u2013 Non-Classical category. Lord-Alge's third Grammy was for Santana's \"Supernatural\" (1999), which won Album of the Year. Lord-Alge has mixed records for U2, Simple Minds, The Rolling Stones, P!nk, Peter Gabriel, OMD, Sarah McLachlan, Dave Matthews Band, blink-182, Avril Lavigne, Sum 41, Oasis, Manic Street Preachers , Story of the Year and Marilyn Manson, among others. Tom's first major project was engineering Steve Winwood's Grammy winning album \"Back in the High Life\" (1986), and he went on to engineer Winwood's Grammy follow up \"Roll With It\" in addition to co-producing its number one hit song \"Higher Love\". He then left Unique Recording to work as a freelance engineer and mixer. Tom's turning point as a mixing engineer was in 1993 after mixing Crash Test Dummies' \" God Shuffled His Feet\", featuring their hit \" Mmm Mmm Mmm Mmm\". Shortly thereafter he mixed Live's multi-platinum \"Throwing Copper\", which to date has sold over eight million copies in the United States.", "Waffle (song) \"Waffle\" is a 1999 single by American alternative metal band Sevendust from their second album \"Home\". A shot of the video is seen in the film \"Down to Earth\". Two different versions of the song exist. One is the version that's on the album, while the other, mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, is the one used as the single. The only truly noticeable difference between the two versions is that the Tom Lord-Alge mix has a smoother drum track and a larger more clean sound with the guitars turned up louder in the mix and more reverb on the vocals . The Tom Lord-Alge mix is the one used on \"Best of (Chapter One 1997-2004)\". \"Waffle\" peaked on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock and Modern Rock Tracks at #23 and #33, respectively. All live songs were recorded live at the Metro in Chicago during the \"Live and Loud\" TV special, which can be located on the \"Retrospect\" DVD.", "Chris Lord-Alge Chris Lord-Alge is an American mix engineer. He is the brother of Tom Lord-Alge, another audio engineer. Chris Lord-Alge is known for his use of dynamic range compression. He is also known for collaborating with Howard Benson, who has produced the plurality of the albums Lord-Alge has mixed. Chris Lord-Alge gained notoriety while working at Unique Recording Studios, New York City in the 1980s for his mixing on James Brown's \"Gravity\" album (which included the hit song \"Living in America\"), the \"Rocky IV\" soundtrack, Prince's \"Batman\" soundtrack, Joe Cocker's \"Unchain My Heart\" album, Chaka Khan's \"Destiny\" album, Carly Simon's \"Coming Around Again\" album, Tina Turner's \"Foreign Affair\" album and 12\" remixes of Madonna's \"La Isla Bonita\", the Rolling Stones' \"Too Much Blood\" and Bruce Springsteen's \"Dancing in the Dark\", \"Cover Me\", and \"Born in the U.S.A.\". While working in Japan (1995\u20131997), he worked with Tetsuya Komuro, No! Galers, Namie Amuro and hitomi. Chris and his brother Tom are known inside the music industry for crafting their mix with an abundant use of dynamic compression for molding mixes that play well on small speakers and FM radio, thus somewhat contributing to the loudness war. In early 2010, Waves Audio released the \"CLA Artist Signature Collection\", a collection of six application-specific audio plug-ins for vocals, drums, bass, guitar and the last two of them called \"unplugged\" (designed for acoustic elements) and \"effects\" (a collection of six different effects).", "During the 1990s, he among others worked with Vince Gill, Michael W. Smith, Chris Rodriguez, dc Talk (for whom he also produced), the Neville Brothers, Vanessa L. Williams, and Wynonna. With the money he earned working with Amy Grant and Shania Twain, he bought a house in Green Hills, Tennessee and in it built a home recording studio. In 1998, it led to the release of his self-titled solo album distributed by Not Lame Recordings. It was co-produced by Millard Powers and Jeff Balding. Doug Morris of Universal Music Group picked it and proposed the album to be rerecorded, but Owsley insisted that it simply needed to be remixed by either Tom Lord-Alge, Bob Clearmountain or Andy Wallace. Tom Lord-Alge signed on, together with J.R. McNeely. The eponymous album \"Owsley\" got re-released on March 23, 1999 under Giant Records. Many of the songs on the album are about Anniston, Alabama, where he was born and lived until he was 21, and his longing to the town. With the first single off the album being \"Coming Up Roses\", Owsley sent the entire staff of Giant a red rose and a Valentine's Day card, expressing his hopes that things were \"coming up roses\" for all. The single didn't catch on, but \"I'm Alright \" later did score a minor hit. Recorded almost entirely on a vintage Studer A-80 (2-inch, 16-track of which one defective) tape machine in his home studio on Hobbs Road in Nashville, Tennessee, it garnered him a Grammy Award nomination for Best Engineered Album. The album would be labeled one of the best pop records of the 1990s."], "answer": {"text": "Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry.", "answer_start": 798}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album was met with mixed to positive reviews.", "answer_start": 1550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for the album?", "answer": {"text": "Around the time of Red Letter Days' release the Wallflowers embarked on a monthlong U.S. tour stretching into early December.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who wrote the songs?", "answer": {"text": "Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a highlight regarding Red Letter Days?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment.", "answer_start": 87, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they collaborate with any other artists?", "answer": {"text": "The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums.", "answer_start": 976, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_35f0d6b6cd8648d293088862131ca285_1_q#8", "question": "What did the critics think about their albums?", "rewrite": "What did the critics think about the Wallflower's albums, such as Red Letter Days?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Experiential gifts Experiential gifts also known as gift experiences and experience gifts, as opposed to material gifts, allow the recipient to have an experience, such as skydiving, kayaking, race car driving or touring a vineyard. Purchases typically take the form of vouchers or gift certificates via email or retailed boxes. Pioneered in the UK in the 1990s, now represent one of the faster-growing segments of the $253 billion a year gift industry. Experiential gifts fall into a number of categories but the sector is always innovating and introducing new experiences : One of the pioneers of the industry was the United Kingdom-based Red Letter Days, which rose to meteoric heights before crashing down to virtual bankruptcy. Red Letter Days was founded in 1989 by British entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who reportedly came up with the idea of gift experiences after looking for a creative way to give her father tickets to an England cricket team match. The success of Red Letter Days led to Elnaugh winning the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2002 and a role as a Dragon on \"BBCTV's Dragon's Den\". Red Letter Days was purchased out of administration in August 2005 by Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones, who were also Dragons on the BBCTV show. The heavily indebted business was turned round under a new Chief Executive, returned to profitability and sold to its major international rival, Smartbox Group, in 2017. Acorne Sports was founded in the same year as Red Letter Days. Later renamed Virgin Experience Days, it was bought by private equity investors Inflexion in 2017. Activity Superstore is the leading supplier of gift experiences to the retail sector, and specialist digital agencies including Trackdays.co.uk and Into the Blue focus on popular experience categories such as driving and flying.", "Red Letter Days Red Letter Days is a UK company which was an early adopter of the concept of giving experience day vouchers as gifts and corporate rewards, based in Borehamwood in the offices of its parent company, Buyagift. The company is now owned by French firm, The Smartbox group, based in Dublin since 2016, who offer gift experiences throughout a number of European countries. The company was founded by former Dragons' Den entrepreneur Rachel Elnaugh, who developed the idea for Red Letter Days after creatively packaging cricket tickets to give to her father. She saw the opportunity for packaging intangible experiences as gifts and established Red Letter Days in 1989. The business began to take off after placing brochure inserts into national newspapers and magazines in the lead up to Christmas, 1990. In 2005, Sir Rodney Walker was listed as the chairman in anticipation of listing on the Alternative Investment Market, hoping to float on the stock market later that year. After expanding via supermarket distribution, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; the remaining assets and goods were bought by fellow Dragons' Den entrepreneurs Theo Paphitis and Peter Jones in 2005. They revealed on \"\" that they made the decision to purchase the company whilst under the influence of alcohol. Following the acquisition, Jones and Paphitis said that all vouchers bought on a Visa or credit card had been honoured as well as corporate customers. Although Elnaugh was at the helm before and at the time of the company's failure just days after the birth of her fourth child, she blames the problems on the actions of a previous CEO, Simon Vincent, who she appointed in 2002 but who left the company two years before in early in 2003, while she took a non-executive role.", "ITV1's \"\"Tonight Programme\"\" had a more critical explanation of the demise of Red Letter Days, including unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested the business model failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead using it for working capital. Whilst Elnaugh blamed the company's bankers, who placed \u00a33 million in a bond which they refused to release for use by the firm despite the fact that some of it may have related to vouchers that had expired and were not recoverable against the business. It was the funds held by the credit card company under this bond which enabled the new owners to honour vouchers issued prior to the company falling into administration. Mrs. Elnaugh admitted in her book \u201cBusiness Nightmares\u201d that her finance team had lost track of the company\u2019s voucher liabilities and its debts to suppliers. After Red Letter Days went into administration with a balance sheet deficiency approaching \u00a39 million, Elnaugh left the Dragons' Den. Under its ownership since 2005, Red Letter Days has continued to offer a wide range of experience days, including car racing, skydiving, white water rafting, hot air ballooning, paintball and bungee jumping as well as day spa experiences. Under Paphitis and Jones' ownership, the company went from administration to an annual turnover of over \u00a320 million. They sold the now profitable Red Letter Days to Buyagift for an undisclosed price, claiming that \"the time felt right and the sale will ensure an exciting and progressive next chapter in Red Letter Days' evolvement\". Red Letter Days was bought by the French multinational company Smart&co S.A.S in 2017, joining other brands like Buyagift, Dakotabox and Odisseias.", "In 2001, Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days. Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment. Some recording was also done at keyboardist Rami Jaffee's house. Once the band was finished touring for the year they began recording the bulk of the new record at Jackson Browne's studio in Santa Monica. By the time the Wallflowers had gotten into Browne's studio, Michael Ward had left the band, leaving them without a lead guitarist for the recording process. Dylan took on much of the lead guitar duties with Mike McCready, Rusty Anderson and Val McCallum also contributing on guitar. Moe Z M.D., who had been touring with Mellencamp, contributed additional percussion and background vocals to the album.Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry. Recording continued through the new year and was completed on April 12, 2002. The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums. Mixing was completed on May 15, 2002. While the Wallflowers were working on Red Letter Days, they recorded a cover of the Beatles' 1965 song \"I'm Looking Through You\" for the soundtrack to the 2001 film I Am Sam. The soundtrack was released on January 8, 2002. The first single from the Red Letter Days, \"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002. A music video directed by Marc Webb followed. After a few false starts, Red Letter Days was released on November 5, 2002. The album was met with mixed to positive reviews. Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album. Commercial performance was relatively mixed as well, peaking at No.32 on the Billboard 200.", "Rachel Elnaugh Rachel Elnaugh (born 12 December 1964) is a British entrepreneur who founded the UK gift company Red Letter Days. She was one of the investors participating in the first two series of BBC Two's TV show \"Dragons' Den\". When she was younger she lived above her Father's electrical shop, 'Elnaugh and Son' in Chelmsford. Rachel attended Chelmsford County High School for Girls, a Grammar School in Essex. She originally wanted to take art history, but she was rejected by five universities, and she climbed the corporate ladder from being an office junior in a local firm of accountants to become a qualified tax consult with Arthur Andersen. In 1989 Elnaugh founded Red Letter Days, one of the first UK companies to sell experiential gifts such as motor racing days, hot air ballooning and health spa days. The idea to set up Red Letter Days came from purchasing tickets to a cricket match for her father as a gift. The company grew to an \u00a318 million turnover, and led to Elnaugh being a 2001/2 finalist in the Veuve Clicquot Businesswoman of the Year and Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year. After an attempt to expand the business into the retail sector, Red Letter Days went into administration on 1 August 2005; Elnaugh had become a dragon on the TV series \"Dragons' Den\", the remaining assets and goods of Red Letter Days were bought by fellow ' judges Peter Jones and Theo Paphitis. ITV1's \"Tonight\" programme criticized the business model of Red Letter Days, which included unpaid suppliers and disappointed purchasers. The programme suggested that the company failed to escrow or earmark supplier payment equity, instead of using it for working capital. However, Elnaugh blamed Red Letter Days' bankers."], "answer": {"text": "Many critics noted the harder rock sound and catchy melodies used throughout the album.", "answer_start": 1600}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Red letter days?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers' fourth album, Red Letter Days.", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single from that album?", "answer": {"text": "\"When You're On Top,\" was released to radio on August 16, 2002.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "The album was met with mixed to positive reviews.", "answer_start": 1550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band tour for the album?", "answer": {"text": "Around the time of Red Letter Days' release the Wallflowers embarked on a monthlong U.S. tour stretching into early December.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who wrote the songs?", "answer": {"text": "Jakob Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a highlight regarding Red Letter Days?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year while on tour with John Mellencamp, the band began recording using portable equipment.", "answer_start": 87, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they collaborate with any other artists?", "answer": {"text": "The album was mixed by Tom Lord-Alge, who had mixed the band's previous two albums.", "answer_start": 976, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else did they work with?", "answer": {"text": "Red Letter Days was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller along with Bill Appleberry.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0dee1535b2411dad7ea7ed844caf3f_1_q#0", "question": "What was Act 1 of Carousel about?", "rewrite": "What was Act 1 of Carousel about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["C. W. Parker Carousel The C. W. Parker Carousel is a carousel built in 1912 currently operating in the Burnaby Village Museum at Deer Lake Park in Burnaby, British Columbia. The carousel was built by the C. W. Parker Company and is also known as the Parker #119 and the Burnaby Centennial Parker Carousel. The carousel was the 119th such machine built by the C. W. Parker Company, earning it its \"Parker #119\" nickname. The carousel contains 41 horses and operates at a pavilion known as the Don Wrigley Pavilion located at one of the museum's two entrances, earning the entrance the name \"Carousel Entrance\". The carousel was built in 1912 at Leavenworth, Kansas by Charles Wallace Parker who owned the C. W. Parker Company, and was the 119th one made by them. It was sold in 1913 for $5,886.00. The carousel toured Texas for two years with the Lone Star Circus. In 1915 the machine was shipped back to the factory. It is believed that the machine was rebuilt by the factory. Some fancier horses and heavier rounding boards may have been added. Some of the horses were built in 1917 and some in 1920-1922. The history of the carousel from 1915-1936 is unknown. The carousel was purchased by Happyland, an amusement park in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1936. The carousel remained at Happyland until the amusement park was demolished in 1957. It was moved to the new small pavilion in Playland, (another amusement park in Vancouver) until that too was demolished in 1972. From 1972 to 1989, Parker #119 was operated outdoors, and was put away each winter. In 1989 it was announced that the carousel would be sold off horse by horse at an auction in New York. Local residents came together to save the carousel and formed the \"Friends of the Vancouver Carousel Society\".", "Forest Park Carousel Forest Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Forest Park in the Woodhaven section of the New York City borough of Queens. It was built in 1903 and moved to its present site in 1972 from Dracut, Massachusetts, after the previous carousel was destroyed by fire in 1966. The carousel contains 52 figures, including 36 jumpers, 13 standers, three menagerie figures, and two chariots. It also has its original band organ. It is one of two known surviving carousels built by the Muller brothers. The carousel is housed in a non-historic one-story, octagonal, open wood frame pavilion designed in 1988. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. On June 25, 2013 the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission gave the Forest Park Carousel a city landmark designation. The carousel closed when New York One LLC, its operator, allowed the contract to expire in 2009. Efforts and petitions were made to re-open the carousel after its closing, and obtain city landmark status. The New York City Parks Department sought a new vendor, and also submitted an application for an Environmental Protection Fund grant to help restore the horses. It reopened on May 26, 2012 under the management of NY Carousel. The operation of the carousel was awarded to NY Carousel under a long-term contract. The company embarked on a plan to bring back the carousel to its former glory, which began with removal of the \"prison gates\" around the building's perimeter, new paint, and re-opening of the concession stand. The response from the community was overwhelming. The historic carousel has had a lot of riders since it re-opened. In addition, the Woodhaven Residents\u2019 Block Association named NY Carousel their \"Business of the Year\" for 2012. NY Carousel has said that they plan on bringing additional rides and attractions to the Forest Park Carousel over the long-term.", "Lakeside Park Carousel The Lakeside Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Port Dalhousie, Ontario, Canada, a community in the city of St. Catharines. The Lakeside Park Carousel was carved by Charles I.D. Looff between 1898 and 1905 in Brooklyn, New York. The animals were carved by Looff's factory workers, including Marcus Illions, who worked for Looff at the time. The carousel's rounding boards and scenery panels were built by George William Kremer, and are similar in appearance to those found on the Knoebels Grand Carousel, which is the only other Kremer carousel still in operation. In 1921, the carousel was moved from its original location in Scarborough, Ontario to its current location in Port Dalhousie. At the time, Lakeside Park had 58 attractions. The Lakeside Park Carousel is the only remaining attraction at Lakeside Park, and is now owned by the city of St. Catharines. The carousel has 68 hand-carved wooden animals, including horses, lions, camels, goats and giraffes. The carousel also has four chariots. The animals on the carousel still have real horsehair tails. The Friends of the Lakeside Park Carousel are a group of dedicated volunteers who have carefully and fully restored the carousel, and continue to care for and maintain the carousel to keep it in perfect working order. The Lakeside Park Carousel is home to a late 19th century band organ built by Frati & Co. of Berlin, and is located in the centre of the carousel. The organ was originally played by a pinned barrel, but was converted by Wurlitzer at some point between 1927 and the 1940s to their Wurlitzer 150 scale. The organ is equipped with automatic stops, percussion instruments (also known as \"traps\") and a duplex roll-frame, which allows for continuous music.", "Elitch Gardens Carousel Elitch Gardens Carousel, also known as Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 or as the Kit Carson County Carousel, is a 1905 Philadelphia Toboggan Company carousel located in Burlington, Colorado. Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 was manufactured in 1905 for Elitch Gardens. It was used at the park every summer until 1928, when the park acquired a new carousel also made by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC #51) and sold the existing carousel and band organ to Kit Carson County for $1,200, including the cost of delivery by train to Burlington. During the Depression, the carousel spent six years in storage, re-entering use in 1937. Restoration of the carousel's band organ began in 1976. The Kit Carson County Carousel was designated a National Historic Site in 1978 and a National Historic Landmark in 1987. Restoration efforts continued in 1987 with work to restore the original paint to the animals, chariots, and the outer rim, new siding applied to the carousel building and Victorian-inspired landscaping. A second restoration to the carousel animals took place in 1992. Grants financed research into and restoration of the carousel's original lighting, machinery room, moldings on the paintings, and the Wurlitzer band organ in 1997. In May 1981, thieves removed three small horses and a donkey from the carousel during a heavy rainstorm. The animals were later recovered from a Salina, Kansas warehouse and returned to the carousel following a parade through Burlington in October 1981. Commemorative markers on the carousel mark the recovered animals' locations. It is the only antique carousel in America retaining its original paint on both the scenery panels and the animals, and it is the only surviving menagerie (having other animals in addition to horses) carousel made by Philadelphia Toboggan Company.", "Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building The Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building is a carousel and building in Highland Park in Meridian, Mississippi. Manufactured about 1896 for the 1904 St. Louis Exposition by the Dentzel Carousel Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the carousel was sold and shipped to Meridian. Highland Park Dentzel Carousel has been in operation since 1909 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is the only remaining two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie in the world. Its closest contemporaries both are held in Indiana. The Children's Museum carousel, also called \"The Carousel of Wishes and Dreams\" in Indianapolis, was probably manufactured pre-1900. It is not a pure Dentzel product, though; much of the original carousel has been modified from its original design. In Logansport, the \"Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel\" has been partially restored. It is dated between 1900 and 1903, although it may predate 1900 as well. Original oil paintings of museum quality adorn the top crown of the carousel. The carousel is approximately in diameter, smaller than the time's standard 2-abreast \u2014 in diameter, with 28 animals, two-abreast, and 2 chariots, providing seating for 36 people. All 28 animals on the carousel, including a lion, a tiger, 2 deer, 2 antelope, 2 giraffes, and 20 horses, are meticulously hand-carved of brass and poplar wood and have been recently restored to their original beauty. Meridian's Dentzel Carousel arrived in the city in 1909 and has since occupied the same location in Highland Park. Its house, also a National Historic Landmark, is the only remaining original carousel building built from a Dentzel blueprint. The carousel building was closed from 1983 to 1984 for major restoration, performed by Ralph E. Young Contractor,"], "answer": {"text": "Two young female millworkers", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1d0dee1535b2411dad7ea7ed844caf3f_1_q#1", "question": "what was interesting about act 1?", "rewrite": "What was interesting about Act 1 of Carousel?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Forest Park Carousel Forest Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Forest Park in the Woodhaven section of the New York City borough of Queens. It was built in 1903 and moved to its present site in 1972 from Dracut, Massachusetts, after the previous carousel was destroyed by fire in 1966. The carousel contains 52 figures, including 36 jumpers, 13 standers, three menagerie figures, and two chariots. It also has its original band organ. It is one of two known surviving carousels built by the Muller brothers. The carousel is housed in a non-historic one-story, octagonal, open wood frame pavilion designed in 1988. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. On June 25, 2013 the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission gave the Forest Park Carousel a city landmark designation. The carousel closed when New York One LLC, its operator, allowed the contract to expire in 2009. Efforts and petitions were made to re-open the carousel after its closing, and obtain city landmark status. The New York City Parks Department sought a new vendor, and also submitted an application for an Environmental Protection Fund grant to help restore the horses. It reopened on May 26, 2012 under the management of NY Carousel. The operation of the carousel was awarded to NY Carousel under a long-term contract. The company embarked on a plan to bring back the carousel to its former glory, which began with removal of the \"prison gates\" around the building's perimeter, new paint, and re-opening of the concession stand. The response from the community was overwhelming. The historic carousel has had a lot of riders since it re-opened. In addition, the Woodhaven Residents\u2019 Block Association named NY Carousel their \"Business of the Year\" for 2012. NY Carousel has said that they plan on bringing additional rides and attractions to the Forest Park Carousel over the long-term.", "Elitch Gardens Carousel Elitch Gardens Carousel, also known as Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 or as the Kit Carson County Carousel, is a 1905 Philadelphia Toboggan Company carousel located in Burlington, Colorado. Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 was manufactured in 1905 for Elitch Gardens. It was used at the park every summer until 1928, when the park acquired a new carousel also made by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC #51) and sold the existing carousel and band organ to Kit Carson County for $1,200, including the cost of delivery by train to Burlington. During the Depression, the carousel spent six years in storage, re-entering use in 1937. Restoration of the carousel's band organ began in 1976. The Kit Carson County Carousel was designated a National Historic Site in 1978 and a National Historic Landmark in 1987. Restoration efforts continued in 1987 with work to restore the original paint to the animals, chariots, and the outer rim, new siding applied to the carousel building and Victorian-inspired landscaping. A second restoration to the carousel animals took place in 1992. Grants financed research into and restoration of the carousel's original lighting, machinery room, moldings on the paintings, and the Wurlitzer band organ in 1997. In May 1981, thieves removed three small horses and a donkey from the carousel during a heavy rainstorm. The animals were later recovered from a Salina, Kansas warehouse and returned to the carousel following a parade through Burlington in October 1981. Commemorative markers on the carousel mark the recovered animals' locations. It is the only antique carousel in America retaining its original paint on both the scenery panels and the animals, and it is the only surviving menagerie (having other animals in addition to horses) carousel made by Philadelphia Toboggan Company.", "Lakeside Park Carousel The Lakeside Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Port Dalhousie, Ontario, Canada, a community in the city of St. Catharines. The Lakeside Park Carousel was carved by Charles I.D. Looff between 1898 and 1905 in Brooklyn, New York. The animals were carved by Looff's factory workers, including Marcus Illions, who worked for Looff at the time. The carousel's rounding boards and scenery panels were built by George William Kremer, and are similar in appearance to those found on the Knoebels Grand Carousel, which is the only other Kremer carousel still in operation. In 1921, the carousel was moved from its original location in Scarborough, Ontario to its current location in Port Dalhousie. At the time, Lakeside Park had 58 attractions. The Lakeside Park Carousel is the only remaining attraction at Lakeside Park, and is now owned by the city of St. Catharines. The carousel has 68 hand-carved wooden animals, including horses, lions, camels, goats and giraffes. The carousel also has four chariots. The animals on the carousel still have real horsehair tails. The Friends of the Lakeside Park Carousel are a group of dedicated volunteers who have carefully and fully restored the carousel, and continue to care for and maintain the carousel to keep it in perfect working order. The Lakeside Park Carousel is home to a late 19th century band organ built by Frati & Co. of Berlin, and is located in the centre of the carousel. The organ was originally played by a pinned barrel, but was converted by Wurlitzer at some point between 1927 and the 1940s to their Wurlitzer 150 scale. The organ is equipped with automatic stops, percussion instruments (also known as \"traps\") and a duplex roll-frame, which allows for continuous music.", "Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building The Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building is a carousel and building in Highland Park in Meridian, Mississippi. Manufactured about 1896 for the 1904 St. Louis Exposition by the Dentzel Carousel Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the carousel was sold and shipped to Meridian. Highland Park Dentzel Carousel has been in operation since 1909 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is the only remaining two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie in the world. Its closest contemporaries both are held in Indiana. The Children's Museum carousel, also called \"The Carousel of Wishes and Dreams\" in Indianapolis, was probably manufactured pre-1900. It is not a pure Dentzel product, though; much of the original carousel has been modified from its original design. In Logansport, the \"Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel\" has been partially restored. It is dated between 1900 and 1903, although it may predate 1900 as well. Original oil paintings of museum quality adorn the top crown of the carousel. The carousel is approximately in diameter, smaller than the time's standard 2-abreast \u2014 in diameter, with 28 animals, two-abreast, and 2 chariots, providing seating for 36 people. All 28 animals on the carousel, including a lion, a tiger, 2 deer, 2 antelope, 2 giraffes, and 20 horses, are meticulously hand-carved of brass and poplar wood and have been recently restored to their original beauty. Meridian's Dentzel Carousel arrived in the city in 1909 and has since occupied the same location in Highland Park. Its house, also a National Historic Landmark, is the only remaining original carousel building built from a Dentzel blueprint. The carousel building was closed from 1983 to 1984 for major restoration, performed by Ralph E. Young Contractor,", "C. W. Parker Carousel The C. W. Parker Carousel is a carousel built in 1912 currently operating in the Burnaby Village Museum at Deer Lake Park in Burnaby, British Columbia. The carousel was built by the C. W. Parker Company and is also known as the Parker #119 and the Burnaby Centennial Parker Carousel. The carousel was the 119th such machine built by the C. W. Parker Company, earning it its \"Parker #119\" nickname. The carousel contains 41 horses and operates at a pavilion known as the Don Wrigley Pavilion located at one of the museum's two entrances, earning the entrance the name \"Carousel Entrance\". The carousel was built in 1912 at Leavenworth, Kansas by Charles Wallace Parker who owned the C. W. Parker Company, and was the 119th one made by them. It was sold in 1913 for $5,886.00. The carousel toured Texas for two years with the Lone Star Circus. In 1915 the machine was shipped back to the factory. It is believed that the machine was rebuilt by the factory. Some fancier horses and heavier rounding boards may have been added. Some of the horses were built in 1917 and some in 1920-1922. The history of the carousel from 1915-1936 is unknown. The carousel was purchased by Happyland, an amusement park in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1936. The carousel remained at Happyland until the amusement park was demolished in 1957. It was moved to the new small pavilion in Playland, (another amusement park in Vancouver) until that too was demolished in 1972. From 1972 to 1989, Parker #119 was operated outdoors, and was put away each winter. In 1989 it was announced that the carousel would be sold off horse by horse at an auction in New York. Local residents came together to save the carousel and formed the \"Friends of the Vancouver Carousel Society\"."], "answer": {"text": "neither quite confesses to the growing attraction they feel for each other", "answer_start": 1122}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Act 1 of Carousel about?", "answer": {"text": "Two young female millworkers", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0dee1535b2411dad7ea7ed844caf3f_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from the subjects of Act 1 of Carousel and attraction between them, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Stoomcarrousel The Stoomcarrousel is an attraction of the Efteling amusement park in the Netherlands. It is an indoor carousel situated in what is now known as the \"Carousel Palace\" (in Dutch \"Carrouselpaleis\"; formerly \"De Efteling Stoomcarrousel\" (\"\"Efteling Steam Carousel\"\") and originally \"Janvier's Stoomcaroussel\" (\"\"Janvier's Steam Carousel\"\"). The carousel, dating from 1895, was bought by Efteling from Hendrik Janvier, who had toured with it to local funfairs, and has been operating in the park since 11 May 1956. Hendrik Janvier (1868-1932), considered to be the founding father of the salon carousel, sold the Carousel because of the high costs and declining income. Building the ride up took 4 days and it had to be transported with 25 train carriages and trucks. Rumour has it that Anton Pieck, the most important creative designer of Efteling, pushed for the purchase, because he rode the carousel as a child in Haarlem. There also is a bar area within the salon carousel. The area surrounding these carousels was normally used for entertainment, eating and dancing in past times. In 1956 the carousel was the only attraction in the building, but in 1966 the Water Organ, in 1971 the Diorama and in 1972 the Victorian Theater were also set up in the Carousel Palace. Although the mechanics are still visible, the carousel was only powered by a K\u00f6nig steam centre engine (under license from Savages) until the 1970s; nowadays it is powered by electricity.", "Lakeside Park Carousel The Lakeside Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Port Dalhousie, Ontario, Canada, a community in the city of St. Catharines. The Lakeside Park Carousel was carved by Charles I.D. Looff between 1898 and 1905 in Brooklyn, New York. The animals were carved by Looff's factory workers, including Marcus Illions, who worked for Looff at the time. The carousel's rounding boards and scenery panels were built by George William Kremer, and are similar in appearance to those found on the Knoebels Grand Carousel, which is the only other Kremer carousel still in operation. In 1921, the carousel was moved from its original location in Scarborough, Ontario to its current location in Port Dalhousie. At the time, Lakeside Park had 58 attractions. The Lakeside Park Carousel is the only remaining attraction at Lakeside Park, and is now owned by the city of St. Catharines. The carousel has 68 hand-carved wooden animals, including horses, lions, camels, goats and giraffes. The carousel also has four chariots. The animals on the carousel still have real horsehair tails. The Friends of the Lakeside Park Carousel are a group of dedicated volunteers who have carefully and fully restored the carousel, and continue to care for and maintain the carousel to keep it in perfect working order. The Lakeside Park Carousel is home to a late 19th century band organ built by Frati & Co. of Berlin, and is located in the centre of the carousel. The organ was originally played by a pinned barrel, but was converted by Wurlitzer at some point between 1927 and the 1940s to their Wurlitzer 150 scale. The organ is equipped with automatic stops, percussion instruments (also known as \"traps\") and a duplex roll-frame, which allows for continuous music.", "The Darling Harbour Carousel demonstrates a high degree of aesthetic skill in the details of its decorations, and particularly in the carved timber elements such as the horses and centre shutters. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The Carousel is a popular attraction within a heavily used tourist precinct in Sydney. Its continued high level of patronage is evidence of the interest and enjoyment that it continues to provide for the citizens of, and visitors to, the city. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The Carousel has the ability to demonstrate the workings of a steam-driven carousel as they were operated at the turn of the century. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The Darling Harbour Carousel is one of the very few traditional carousels surviving in the world which retains its original form and fittings, especially its steam propulsion unit, intact and in working order. The Darling Harbour Carousel is believed to be the oldest known operating carousel in Australia. The Darling Harbour Carousel has been operated by a single family for most of its life and as such, reflects the tradition of the carnival family that is a central aspect of the cultural environment that created such machines in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The Darling Harbour Carousel provides an opportunity in NSW to experience a traditional amusement park \"joy ride\" on a permanent, daily basis. This experience is rare in NSW today, following the redevelopment of Luna Park. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. The Darling Harbour Carousel is a representative example of carousels manufactured in England in the 1890s. It is believed to be the oldest known operating carousel in Australia.", "On March 10, 1985, General Electric's contract expired, the company chose not to renew. The attraction closed shortly thereafter so that all General Electric references could be removed from the attraction. The GE logo was replaced with a logo that showed a blueprint of the six carousel theaters surrounding the six fixed stages on the signs outside of the attraction and the GE logo on the silver curtain was covered with a round sign with the blueprint logo and the name Carousel of Progress. The GE logo still exists on several household appliances throughout the attraction, like the refrigerator in Act 3. This is one of the remaining logos that can still be seen today. On August 16, 1993, the attraction closed and many blueprints at the time showed a new \"Flying Saucers' ride inside the show building. But this idea never came to fruition to being over-budget and it was decided to update the Carousel of Progress to better reflect the theme of the New Tomorrowland: \" The Future that Never Was.\" Gears and other mechanical symbols were being prominently featured throughout New Tomorrowland, so the Carousel of Progress theater was redesigned to feature them. The attraction and show were renamed Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress. A giant cog sign in the load and unload theaters that says \"Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress\" replaced the blueprint sign. The final scene was updated to \"Christmas in the House of 2000\", as it was envisioned in 1993. A new cast was hired for the narration recordings, with American writer, raconteur, and radio personality Jean Shepherd as the voice of the father of the family, John, as well as the ride's narrator. Additionally, Rex Allen, the voice of the father at the original Disneyland attraction, plays the Grandfather in Act 4 of the show. For the first time, names of some of the characters in the attraction were revealed.", "Elitch Gardens Carousel Elitch Gardens Carousel, also known as Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 or as the Kit Carson County Carousel, is a 1905 Philadelphia Toboggan Company carousel located in Burlington, Colorado. Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 was manufactured in 1905 for Elitch Gardens. It was used at the park every summer until 1928, when the park acquired a new carousel also made by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC #51) and sold the existing carousel and band organ to Kit Carson County for $1,200, including the cost of delivery by train to Burlington. During the Depression, the carousel spent six years in storage, re-entering use in 1937. Restoration of the carousel's band organ began in 1976. The Kit Carson County Carousel was designated a National Historic Site in 1978 and a National Historic Landmark in 1987. Restoration efforts continued in 1987 with work to restore the original paint to the animals, chariots, and the outer rim, new siding applied to the carousel building and Victorian-inspired landscaping. A second restoration to the carousel animals took place in 1992. Grants financed research into and restoration of the carousel's original lighting, machinery room, moldings on the paintings, and the Wurlitzer band organ in 1997. In May 1981, thieves removed three small horses and a donkey from the carousel during a heavy rainstorm. The animals were later recovered from a Salina, Kansas warehouse and returned to the carousel following a parade through Burlington in October 1981. Commemorative markers on the carousel mark the recovered animals' locations. It is the only antique carousel in America retaining its original paint on both the scenery panels and the animals, and it is the only surviving menagerie (having other animals in addition to horses) carousel made by Philadelphia Toboggan Company."], "answer": {"text": "Jigger and his shipmates, joined by Billy, then sing about life on the sea", "answer_start": 471}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Act 1 of Carousel about?", "answer": {"text": "Two young female millworkers", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was interesting about act 1?", "answer": {"text": "neither quite confesses to the growing attraction they feel for each other", "answer_start": 1122, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0dee1535b2411dad7ea7ed844caf3f_1_q#3", "question": "was the musical popular?", "rewrite": "Was the musical \"Carousel\" popular?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Forest Park Carousel Forest Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Forest Park in the Woodhaven section of the New York City borough of Queens. It was built in 1903 and moved to its present site in 1972 from Dracut, Massachusetts, after the previous carousel was destroyed by fire in 1966. The carousel contains 52 figures, including 36 jumpers, 13 standers, three menagerie figures, and two chariots. It also has its original band organ. It is one of two known surviving carousels built by the Muller brothers. The carousel is housed in a non-historic one-story, octagonal, open wood frame pavilion designed in 1988. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. On June 25, 2013 the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission gave the Forest Park Carousel a city landmark designation. The carousel closed when New York One LLC, its operator, allowed the contract to expire in 2009. Efforts and petitions were made to re-open the carousel after its closing, and obtain city landmark status. The New York City Parks Department sought a new vendor, and also submitted an application for an Environmental Protection Fund grant to help restore the horses. It reopened on May 26, 2012 under the management of NY Carousel. The operation of the carousel was awarded to NY Carousel under a long-term contract. The company embarked on a plan to bring back the carousel to its former glory, which began with removal of the \"prison gates\" around the building's perimeter, new paint, and re-opening of the concession stand. The response from the community was overwhelming. The historic carousel has had a lot of riders since it re-opened. In addition, the Woodhaven Residents\u2019 Block Association named NY Carousel their \"Business of the Year\" for 2012. NY Carousel has said that they plan on bringing additional rides and attractions to the Forest Park Carousel over the long-term.", "Lakeside Park Carousel The Lakeside Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Port Dalhousie, Ontario, Canada, a community in the city of St. Catharines. The Lakeside Park Carousel was carved by Charles I.D. Looff between 1898 and 1905 in Brooklyn, New York. The animals were carved by Looff's factory workers, including Marcus Illions, who worked for Looff at the time. The carousel's rounding boards and scenery panels were built by George William Kremer, and are similar in appearance to those found on the Knoebels Grand Carousel, which is the only other Kremer carousel still in operation. In 1921, the carousel was moved from its original location in Scarborough, Ontario to its current location in Port Dalhousie. At the time, Lakeside Park had 58 attractions. The Lakeside Park Carousel is the only remaining attraction at Lakeside Park, and is now owned by the city of St. Catharines. The carousel has 68 hand-carved wooden animals, including horses, lions, camels, goats and giraffes. The carousel also has four chariots. The animals on the carousel still have real horsehair tails. The Friends of the Lakeside Park Carousel are a group of dedicated volunteers who have carefully and fully restored the carousel, and continue to care for and maintain the carousel to keep it in perfect working order. The Lakeside Park Carousel is home to a late 19th century band organ built by Frati & Co. of Berlin, and is located in the centre of the carousel. The organ was originally played by a pinned barrel, but was converted by Wurlitzer at some point between 1927 and the 1940s to their Wurlitzer 150 scale. The organ is equipped with automatic stops, percussion instruments (also known as \"traps\") and a duplex roll-frame, which allows for continuous music.", "C. W. Parker Carousel The C. W. Parker Carousel is a carousel built in 1912 currently operating in the Burnaby Village Museum at Deer Lake Park in Burnaby, British Columbia. The carousel was built by the C. W. Parker Company and is also known as the Parker #119 and the Burnaby Centennial Parker Carousel. The carousel was the 119th such machine built by the C. W. Parker Company, earning it its \"Parker #119\" nickname. The carousel contains 41 horses and operates at a pavilion known as the Don Wrigley Pavilion located at one of the museum's two entrances, earning the entrance the name \"Carousel Entrance\". The carousel was built in 1912 at Leavenworth, Kansas by Charles Wallace Parker who owned the C. W. Parker Company, and was the 119th one made by them. It was sold in 1913 for $5,886.00. The carousel toured Texas for two years with the Lone Star Circus. In 1915 the machine was shipped back to the factory. It is believed that the machine was rebuilt by the factory. Some fancier horses and heavier rounding boards may have been added. Some of the horses were built in 1917 and some in 1920-1922. The history of the carousel from 1915-1936 is unknown. The carousel was purchased by Happyland, an amusement park in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1936. The carousel remained at Happyland until the amusement park was demolished in 1957. It was moved to the new small pavilion in Playland, (another amusement park in Vancouver) until that too was demolished in 1972. From 1972 to 1989, Parker #119 was operated outdoors, and was put away each winter. In 1989 it was announced that the carousel would be sold off horse by horse at an auction in New York. Local residents came together to save the carousel and formed the \"Friends of the Vancouver Carousel Society\".", "Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building The Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building is a carousel and building in Highland Park in Meridian, Mississippi. Manufactured about 1896 for the 1904 St. Louis Exposition by the Dentzel Carousel Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the carousel was sold and shipped to Meridian. Highland Park Dentzel Carousel has been in operation since 1909 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is the only remaining two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie in the world. Its closest contemporaries both are held in Indiana. The Children's Museum carousel, also called \"The Carousel of Wishes and Dreams\" in Indianapolis, was probably manufactured pre-1900. It is not a pure Dentzel product, though; much of the original carousel has been modified from its original design. In Logansport, the \"Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel\" has been partially restored. It is dated between 1900 and 1903, although it may predate 1900 as well. Original oil paintings of museum quality adorn the top crown of the carousel. The carousel is approximately in diameter, smaller than the time's standard 2-abreast \u2014 in diameter, with 28 animals, two-abreast, and 2 chariots, providing seating for 36 people. All 28 animals on the carousel, including a lion, a tiger, 2 deer, 2 antelope, 2 giraffes, and 20 horses, are meticulously hand-carved of brass and poplar wood and have been recently restored to their original beauty. Meridian's Dentzel Carousel arrived in the city in 1909 and has since occupied the same location in Highland Park. Its house, also a National Historic Landmark, is the only remaining original carousel building built from a Dentzel blueprint. The carousel building was closed from 1983 to 1984 for major restoration, performed by Ralph E. Young Contractor,", "Elitch Gardens Carousel Elitch Gardens Carousel, also known as Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 or as the Kit Carson County Carousel, is a 1905 Philadelphia Toboggan Company carousel located in Burlington, Colorado. Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 was manufactured in 1905 for Elitch Gardens. It was used at the park every summer until 1928, when the park acquired a new carousel also made by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC #51) and sold the existing carousel and band organ to Kit Carson County for $1,200, including the cost of delivery by train to Burlington. During the Depression, the carousel spent six years in storage, re-entering use in 1937. Restoration of the carousel's band organ began in 1976. The Kit Carson County Carousel was designated a National Historic Site in 1978 and a National Historic Landmark in 1987. Restoration efforts continued in 1987 with work to restore the original paint to the animals, chariots, and the outer rim, new siding applied to the carousel building and Victorian-inspired landscaping. A second restoration to the carousel animals took place in 1992. Grants financed research into and restoration of the carousel's original lighting, machinery room, moldings on the paintings, and the Wurlitzer band organ in 1997. In May 1981, thieves removed three small horses and a donkey from the carousel during a heavy rainstorm. The animals were later recovered from a Salina, Kansas warehouse and returned to the carousel following a parade through Burlington in October 1981. Commemorative markers on the carousel mark the recovered animals' locations. It is the only antique carousel in America retaining its original paint on both the scenery panels and the animals, and it is the only surviving menagerie (having other animals in addition to horses) carousel made by Philadelphia Toboggan Company."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Act 1 of Carousel about?", "answer": {"text": "Two young female millworkers", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was interesting about act 1?", "answer": {"text": "neither quite confesses to the growing attraction they feel for each other", "answer_start": 1122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Jigger and his shipmates, joined by Billy, then sing about life on the sea", "answer_start": 471, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d0dee1535b2411dad7ea7ed844caf3f_1_q#4", "question": "was there anything interesting about the act 1?", "rewrite": "Was there anything interesting about Act 1 of Carousel?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Forest Park Carousel Forest Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Forest Park in the Woodhaven section of the New York City borough of Queens. It was built in 1903 and moved to its present site in 1972 from Dracut, Massachusetts, after the previous carousel was destroyed by fire in 1966. The carousel contains 52 figures, including 36 jumpers, 13 standers, three menagerie figures, and two chariots. It also has its original band organ. It is one of two known surviving carousels built by the Muller brothers. The carousel is housed in a non-historic one-story, octagonal, open wood frame pavilion designed in 1988. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. On June 25, 2013 the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission gave the Forest Park Carousel a city landmark designation. The carousel closed when New York One LLC, its operator, allowed the contract to expire in 2009. Efforts and petitions were made to re-open the carousel after its closing, and obtain city landmark status. The New York City Parks Department sought a new vendor, and also submitted an application for an Environmental Protection Fund grant to help restore the horses. It reopened on May 26, 2012 under the management of NY Carousel. The operation of the carousel was awarded to NY Carousel under a long-term contract. The company embarked on a plan to bring back the carousel to its former glory, which began with removal of the \"prison gates\" around the building's perimeter, new paint, and re-opening of the concession stand. The response from the community was overwhelming. The historic carousel has had a lot of riders since it re-opened. In addition, the Woodhaven Residents\u2019 Block Association named NY Carousel their \"Business of the Year\" for 2012. NY Carousel has said that they plan on bringing additional rides and attractions to the Forest Park Carousel over the long-term.", "Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building The Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building is a carousel and building in Highland Park in Meridian, Mississippi. Manufactured about 1896 for the 1904 St. Louis Exposition by the Dentzel Carousel Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the carousel was sold and shipped to Meridian. Highland Park Dentzel Carousel has been in operation since 1909 and was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. It is the only remaining two-row stationary Dentzel menagerie in the world. Its closest contemporaries both are held in Indiana. The Children's Museum carousel, also called \"The Carousel of Wishes and Dreams\" in Indianapolis, was probably manufactured pre-1900. It is not a pure Dentzel product, though; much of the original carousel has been modified from its original design. In Logansport, the \"Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel\" has been partially restored. It is dated between 1900 and 1903, although it may predate 1900 as well. Original oil paintings of museum quality adorn the top crown of the carousel. The carousel is approximately in diameter, smaller than the time's standard 2-abreast \u2014 in diameter, with 28 animals, two-abreast, and 2 chariots, providing seating for 36 people. All 28 animals on the carousel, including a lion, a tiger, 2 deer, 2 antelope, 2 giraffes, and 20 horses, are meticulously hand-carved of brass and poplar wood and have been recently restored to their original beauty. Meridian's Dentzel Carousel arrived in the city in 1909 and has since occupied the same location in Highland Park. Its house, also a National Historic Landmark, is the only remaining original carousel building built from a Dentzel blueprint. The carousel building was closed from 1983 to 1984 for major restoration, performed by Ralph E. Young Contractor,", "A Carousel for Missoula A Carousel for Missoula is a volunteer-built, hand-carved carousel in Missoula, Montana, located on the Clark Fork River in Missoula's downtown Caras Park within walking distance of the historic Wilma Theatre, Jeannette Rankin Peace Center and Osprey baseball stadium. The carousel is accompanied by a volunteer-built park, Dragon Hollow. The vision for A Carousel for Missoula began in 1988 when Missoula cabinet maker Chuck Kaparich visited a carousel in Spokane, Washington, and read the story of Charles I. D. Looff, \"a Danish immigrant who created Spokane's now-antique carousel as a wedding present for his daughter Emma.\" Inspired by the beauty and craftsmanship of the ponies, Kaparich decided he wanted to buy a carousel horse for himself. In 1990 he contacted Frederick Fried, carousel expert and author of \"A Pictorial History of Carousels\". When Kaparich expressed his interest in purchasing a carousel horse, Fried responded with, \"It's vultures like you who are causing the demise of the American carousel. If you want a carousel horse, don't take it off a carousel; carve your own.\" So Kaparich did. By August 1991, Kaparich had carved four ponies. He approached the Missoula City Council with a deal: he would provide the mechanical works, frame, horses and chariots if the city would give the carousel a permanent home. The council agreed, and a board from the Missoula Redevelopment Agency was formed to oversee the project. Three years later, on February 12, 1993, Fried, after seeing pictures of the completed carousel ponies and plans for A Carousel for Missoula, wrote a letter to Kaparich and head carver John Thompson.", "Lakeside Park Carousel The Lakeside Park Carousel is a historic carousel located in Port Dalhousie, Ontario, Canada, a community in the city of St. Catharines. The Lakeside Park Carousel was carved by Charles I.D. Looff between 1898 and 1905 in Brooklyn, New York. The animals were carved by Looff's factory workers, including Marcus Illions, who worked for Looff at the time. The carousel's rounding boards and scenery panels were built by George William Kremer, and are similar in appearance to those found on the Knoebels Grand Carousel, which is the only other Kremer carousel still in operation. In 1921, the carousel was moved from its original location in Scarborough, Ontario to its current location in Port Dalhousie. At the time, Lakeside Park had 58 attractions. The Lakeside Park Carousel is the only remaining attraction at Lakeside Park, and is now owned by the city of St. Catharines. The carousel has 68 hand-carved wooden animals, including horses, lions, camels, goats and giraffes. The carousel also has four chariots. The animals on the carousel still have real horsehair tails. The Friends of the Lakeside Park Carousel are a group of dedicated volunteers who have carefully and fully restored the carousel, and continue to care for and maintain the carousel to keep it in perfect working order. The Lakeside Park Carousel is home to a late 19th century band organ built by Frati & Co. of Berlin, and is located in the centre of the carousel. The organ was originally played by a pinned barrel, but was converted by Wurlitzer at some point between 1927 and the 1940s to their Wurlitzer 150 scale. The organ is equipped with automatic stops, percussion instruments (also known as \"traps\") and a duplex roll-frame, which allows for continuous music.", "Elitch Gardens Carousel Elitch Gardens Carousel, also known as Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 or as the Kit Carson County Carousel, is a 1905 Philadelphia Toboggan Company carousel located in Burlington, Colorado. Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6 was manufactured in 1905 for Elitch Gardens. It was used at the park every summer until 1928, when the park acquired a new carousel also made by the Philadelphia Toboggan Company (PTC #51) and sold the existing carousel and band organ to Kit Carson County for $1,200, including the cost of delivery by train to Burlington. During the Depression, the carousel spent six years in storage, re-entering use in 1937. Restoration of the carousel's band organ began in 1976. The Kit Carson County Carousel was designated a National Historic Site in 1978 and a National Historic Landmark in 1987. Restoration efforts continued in 1987 with work to restore the original paint to the animals, chariots, and the outer rim, new siding applied to the carousel building and Victorian-inspired landscaping. A second restoration to the carousel animals took place in 1992. Grants financed research into and restoration of the carousel's original lighting, machinery room, moldings on the paintings, and the Wurlitzer band organ in 1997. In May 1981, thieves removed three small horses and a donkey from the carousel during a heavy rainstorm. The animals were later recovered from a Salina, Kansas warehouse and returned to the carousel following a parade through Burlington in October 1981. Commemorative markers on the carousel mark the recovered animals' locations. It is the only antique carousel in America retaining its original paint on both the scenery panels and the animals, and it is the only surviving menagerie (having other animals in addition to horses) carousel made by Philadelphia Toboggan Company."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Act 1 of Carousel about?", "answer": {"text": "Two young female millworkers", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was interesting about act 1?", "answer": {"text": "neither quite confesses to the growing attraction they feel for each other", "answer_start": 1122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Jigger and his shipmates, joined by Billy, then sing about life on the sea", "answer_start": 471, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was the musical popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e817baeffb34afc85a9704f8aa120a6_0_q#0", "question": "What is meant by \"final activities\"?", "rewrite": "What is meant by \"final activities\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["KAKE survived the dictatorship of General Ioannis Metaxas from 1936 onwards, although Giatopoulos, accused by Trotsky of manifesting \"the worst principles of individualism and anarchism\", ended up as a refugee abroad, for some time participating in the Spanish Civil War. During World War II and the later the Greek Civil War, KAKE feuded with the Communist Party of Greece (KKE) on matters of policy and theory. Many KAKE members were purged and executed by the Greek People's Liberation Army. It increasingly began to collaborate with the right-wing as a result, allying with the forces of anti-communism. Its final activities came with the 1951 Greek legislative election, where it received likewise negative results as back in 1936, after which it promptly dissolved. After his return from French exile in the 1950s, the long-time leader Dimitris Giotopoulos became a collaborator of the right-wing regime, cooperating in anti-communist activities. His son Alexandros Giotopoulos, disillusioned with his father's anti-communism, became a notorious left-wing terrorist, active as an armed militant in the ranks of the 17 November terrorist group between 1969 and 2002.", "One of his final activities at Cultura Na\u021bional\u0103 was putting out the first edition of Pavel Chihaia's novel, \"Blocada\", which was immediately removed from bookshops by communist censors. The publishing house was shut down that same year. Blank himself was eventually singled out for retribution after having maintained contacts with British and American diplomats. He witnessed the proclamation of a communist republic in 1948, by which time he had lost touch with his Western backers. That year, the BMB was nationalized (though it continued to exist as a separate entity, under state management, to 1951); the company's former offices, a granite building on Doamnei Street, were taken by Romania's new secret police, the Securitate. Blank himself was arrested as a spy on April 18, 1952, and put on trial for high treason with his meeting with foreigners and some of his papers used as evidence, then sentenced to a 20-year imprisonment in May 1953. At the time, his rival Manoilescu had also been identified as an enemy of the communist regime, and was sent to the labor colony of Ocnele Mari. Here, he met Pandrea, who recalls: \"I made him recount the Blank bankruptcy, as a way of entertaining xenophobic inmates\". Memoirist Ion Ioanid, who was held with Blank in Jilava prison for a while in 1954, recalls that the financier was well groomed, and still wearing a two-piece suit. According to Ioanid, Blank missed his son Milenko, whom he believed he would never see again, but resented him for choosing a career in the army: \"I feel like a hen that's been hatching a duck's egg!\" Children from his other marriages had stayed behind in Romania.", "In 1964, following renewed disputes with other IPU leaders, and a decline of his health, Miko\u0142ajczyk resigned and Nagy became the IP President; by then, the central office had moved to New York City. The organization remained centered on the Eastern Seaboard, which hosted eight of its nine congresses, down to its last, held in New York City in 1969. Its final activities were directed at condemning the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and honoring Jan Palach's memory. In 1970, an IPU executive officer, Robert Bohuslav Soumar, deposed a wreath at the Palach Statue in Rome; he also directed the effort to erect a monument to Palach in the West, resulting in the 1973 installation of a sculpture inside Cleveland Public Library. Despite his efforts to restore the IPU's prestige, Nagy was unable to prevent its demise. Under his watch, high-ranking figures such as \u010cern\u00fd, Popa, and Jozef Lettrich no longer made an effort to attend meetings, and \"IPU activity was more or less driven only by Bulgarians and Poles. \" In 1971 the IPU had closed down its bulletin, as well as its offices in New York, though announcing that it remained nominally active from Washington. It is presumed to have been entirely inactive after that moment, though attempts to revive it were made in 1978 and 1986. With the advent of relative liberalization (\"Goulash Communism\") in the Hungarian People's Republic, Nagy contemplated abandoning his political exile and returning home. He was still undecided at the moment of his death in 1979. Despite commonplace reference to the \"Green International\" and its \"green banner\", that political color was not officially adopted by the organization. In its original, Stamboliyskian incarnation, international agrarianism was visually associated with the color orange.", "ERP systems are theoretically based on industry best practices, and their makers intend that organizations deploy them \"as is\". ERP vendors do offer customers configuration options that let organizations incorporate their own business rules, but gaps in features often remain even after configuration is complete. ERP customers have several options to reconcile feature gaps, each with their own pros/cons. Technical solutions include rewriting part of the delivered software, writing a homegrown module to work within the ERP system, or interfacing to an external system. These three options constitute varying degrees of system customization\u2014with the first being the most invasive and costly to maintain. Alternatively, there are non-technical options such as changing business practices or organizational policies to better match the delivered ERP feature set. Key differences between customization and configuration include:   Customization advantages include that it: Customization disadvantages include that it may: ERP systems can be extended with third\u2013party software, often via vendor-supplied interfaces. Extensions offer features such as: Data migration is the process of moving, copying, and restructuring data from an existing system to the ERP system. Migration is critical to implementation success and requires significant planning. Unfortunately, since migration is one of the final activities before the production phase, it often receives insufficient attention. The following steps can structure migration planning:   Often, data migration is incomplete because some of the data in the existing system is either incompatible or not needed in the new system. As such, the existing system may need to be kept as an archived database to refer back to once the new ERP system is in place. The most fundamental advantage of ERP is that the integration of a myriad of business processes saves time and expense. Management can make decisions faster and with fewer errors. Data becomes visible across the organization. Tasks that benefit from this integration include:  ERP systems centralize business data, which:", "Space Race (TV series) Space Race is a BBC docudrama series first shown in Britain on BBC2 between 14 September and 5 October 2005, chronicling the major events and characters in the American/Soviet space race up to the first landing of a man on the Moon. It focuses on Sergei Korolev, the Soviet chief rocket designer, and Wernher von Braun, his American counterpart. The series was a joint effort between British, German, American and Russian production teams. We see the results of Wernher von Braun's work on the V-2 for the Nazis at Mittelwerk and Peenem\u00fcnde, and his final activities within Germany during the last years of the Second World War, as both American and Soviet forces race to capture German rocket technology. When the Americans gain the upper hand by recovering von Braun and most of his senior staff, along with all their technical documents and much other materiel, we see Sergei Korolev's release from the Gulag to act as the Soviets' rocketry expert alongside former colleague Valentin Glushko, and how he is set to work bringing Soviet rocket technology up to date with that of von Braun, working with what material and personnel are left after von Braun's escape to the US. As the Cold War intensifies, Korolev is asked to build a rocket capable of carrying a five-ton warhead to America - he designs and constructs the R-7 Semyorka, the first ICBM, and is later allowed to use it to launch the first satellite, Sputnik 1, quickly following up with the rushed Sputnik 2."], "answer": {"text": "With White Lion officially over the voice of the band Mike Tramp continues with his solo career releasing his latest album \"Nomad\" in 2015.", "answer_start": 1367}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3e817baeffb34afc85a9704f8aa120a6_0_q#1", "question": "How did White Lion become \"officially over\"?", "rewrite": "How did White Lion become \"officially over\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A White Lion compilation \"The Definitive Rock Collection\" was released in 2007 and the band was set for a summer tour with Poison and Ratt only to be dropped by the tour promoter after ex-White Lion guitarist Vito Bratta threatened to take legal action over the band name. In response to the rumors surrounding WHITE LION and the POISON/RATT summer tour, Tramp issued a statement explaining that tour promoters Live Nation's decision was not based on any controversy over whether Mike Tramp has the legal right to perform as White Lion. Live Nation's decision was based upon the threatened lawsuit by Vito Bratta. Even though Live Nation believed Vito's lawsuit to be frivolous and had confirmed that Mike Tramp has the legal right to perform as WHITE LION, they did not want to spend 'one dollar' on litigation. Faced with the cancellation of a tour that was to begin within weeks, the band's attorneys went the extra mile to work out a deal with Vito Bratta to drop his threatened lawsuit but even with the threat of litigation eliminated, Live Nation continued on their ill-informed course of dropping White Lion from the Poison tour. Extremely upset with the decision Tramp acknowledges the many fans across the United States who are also extremely disappointed by Live Nation's decision. Despite the threatened legal action and the band's removal from the POISON/RATT tour, White Lion continued touring and fulfilled their many headline shows in the U.S. that were scheduled between the Poison shows, including the Rocklahoma festival with Poison, Ratt, Quiet Riot, Slaughter, Y&T, Gypsy Pistoleros, Dirty Penny, Greg Leon Invasion and Zendozer. Tramp also confirmed to MelodicRock.com that the band has just finished recording its new studio album and The CD will be mixed by Dennis Ward and will be titled \"Return of the Pride\".", "Freak of Nature (band) Freak of Nature was an American hard rock band, formed in 1992 by former White Lion lead singer Mike Tramp. The band was formed after White Lion broke up and the follow up was significantly darker and harder than White Lion. The band released three albums and then disbanded in 1996. Following Freak of Nature, Mike Tramp released several solo albums and also reformed White Lion with a new line up. In September 1991, just days after White Lion played their last gig, Mike Tramp met up with long-time friend Oliver Steffensen who was an original member of the pre White Lion band \"Danish Lions\". The pair spent weeks in Tramp's house in Santa Monica, California, resulting in several songs which were later released under the moniker \"Mike and Oliver\". The album was titled \"Brothers For Life\" and was Tramp's progression from White Lion to Freak of Nature. Three songs from the same sessions later ended up on Freak of Nature's debut album. Ex-Lion bassist Jerry Best joined the pair shortly after, as did ex-Strike Twice guitarist Kenny Korade. The band used programmed drums and another drummer up until drummer Johnny Haro joined the newly formed band. After six months of rehearsals, Tramp and Steffensen had an argument resulting in Steffensen leaving the band to return to Denmark. In 1992 Ex-House of Lords guitarist Dennis Chick was brought in to replace Steffensen and the band was finally official. In November 1992, the band entered the Record Plant in Sausalito, California, to record their self-titled debut album and although the record, released in 1993 through Music For Nations, did not shift in large quantities Freak Of Nature's relentless work ethic brought in many admirers. \"", "Rocking the USA Rocking the USA is the first White Lion live compilation album released in 2005, now better known as Tramp's White Lion or White Lion 2, with all new band members again but still features original lead singer Mike Tramp. Following the release of five solo albums in the last seven years ending with the album \"Songs I Left Behind\" in 2004, Tramp continued with the reformation of White Lion. The album \"Last Roar\" which was also released in 2004 featured new re-recorded versions of White Lion classic tracks and with the new line up Tramp went on tour in 2005. All the songs on \"Rocking the USA\" are taken from the recent tour with the new line up and features all of White Lion's charted singles. The live versions of \"Wait\" and \"When the Children Cry\" were released as promo and later iTunes singles and were also released as bonus tracks on Return of the Pride in 2008. A live music video was made for the song \"Lights and Thunder\" which features on the White Lion DVD \" Bang Your Head Festival 2005\". In 2007 a single disc edition of the album was released under the title \"White Lion: Live Extended Versions\".", "In 2003, Tramp followed-up with his third album, \"More to Life Than This\", which he once again produced himself but relied on producer/engineer Flemming Rasmussen (Metallica) to engineer and mix the sessions in his very own Sweet Silence Studios. The album's title track, \"More to Life Than This\", and \"Don't Want to Say Good Night\" were both released as singles. A music video made in Australia was released for the song \" Lay Down My Life for You\". Also in 2003, Tramp released the double-disc live album \"Rock 'N' Roll Alive\", which features Tramp performing live versions of songs from White Lion, Freak of Nature, and his solo albums. In 2004 Tramp released the solo album \"Songs I Left Behind\". Tramp also reformed White Lion with a new line-up under the name \"Tramp's White Lion\" (aka White Lion II) due to legal issues with former members. The band played and re-recorded White Lion songs touring and releasing a box set titled \"The Bootleg Series\" in 2004 and a double-live CD entitled \"Rocking the USA\" in 2005. In 2006 Tramp's White Lion toured Europe in November and December with British band Crimes of Passion. In 2007 a White Lion compilation \"The Definitive Rock Collection\" was released and the band was set for a summer tour with Poison and Ratt only to be dropped by the tour promoter after ex-White Lion guitarist Vito Bratta threatened to take legal action over the band name. Eventually Tramp was able to use the original band name again. White Lion recorded a new studio album called \"Return of the Pride\", which was released on March 14, 2008. The band was now once again simply known as White Lion.", "Return of the Pride  Return of the Pride is the fifth and final studio album featuring original material by White Lion. The album was released in 2008 on March 14 (Europe), April 9 (Japan), April 29 (North America). This is the first original White Lion studio album since their 1991 album \"Mane Attraction\" and is the only studio album with the new-line up which still features original lead singer Mike Tramp. The album is also a sequel to the band's 1987 album \"Pride\". Following the release of the compilation album \"The Best of White Lion\" the band was mostly known as Tramp's White Lion or White Lion 2 due to legal reasons with former members but is now once again simply known as White Lion. The band did a world tour to support the album. White Lion toured India and played to 42,000 at Shillong, Meghalaya, and a 30,000 plus crowd at the Dimapur stadium in Nagaland. The band was invited to India by the head of the Tripura Royal Family Maharaja Kirit Pradyot Deb Burman. \"Return of the Pride\" received mostly lukewarm reviews from fans and critics alike. \"Sea of Tranquility\" criticized the album for deviating from the core White Lion sound commenting the album \"has absolutely nothing in common with the real White Lion.\" Reviewer Murat Batmaz noted that some of the songs were strong as Mike Tramp solo numbers but did not work under the White Lion moniker due to the absence of guitarist Vito Bratta. \" Sputnik Music\" gave the album a similar rating. It was defined as being \"conventional\" and \"[not] horrible. \" The review also argues that the abundance of keyboards is due to the guitarist not being up to the standards of Bratta."], "answer": {"text": "\". Following this release Tramp once again confirmed there would be no more White Lion.", "answer_start": 1279}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is meant by \"final activities\"?", "answer": {"text": "With White Lion officially over the voice of the band Mike Tramp continues with his solo career releasing his latest album \"Nomad\" in 2015.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e817baeffb34afc85a9704f8aa120a6_0_q#2", "question": "Following what release was that?", "rewrite": "Following what release did Tramp once again confirm there would be no more White Lion?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Freak of Nature (band) Freak of Nature was an American hard rock band, formed in 1992 by former White Lion lead singer Mike Tramp. The band was formed after White Lion broke up and the follow up was significantly darker and harder than White Lion. The band released three albums and then disbanded in 1996. Following Freak of Nature, Mike Tramp released several solo albums and also reformed White Lion with a new line up. In September 1991, just days after White Lion played their last gig, Mike Tramp met up with long-time friend Oliver Steffensen who was an original member of the pre White Lion band \"Danish Lions\". The pair spent weeks in Tramp's house in Santa Monica, California, resulting in several songs which were later released under the moniker \"Mike and Oliver\". The album was titled \"Brothers For Life\" and was Tramp's progression from White Lion to Freak of Nature. Three songs from the same sessions later ended up on Freak of Nature's debut album. Ex-Lion bassist Jerry Best joined the pair shortly after, as did ex-Strike Twice guitarist Kenny Korade. The band used programmed drums and another drummer up until drummer Johnny Haro joined the newly formed band. After six months of rehearsals, Tramp and Steffensen had an argument resulting in Steffensen leaving the band to return to Denmark. In 1992 Ex-House of Lords guitarist Dennis Chick was brought in to replace Steffensen and the band was finally official. In November 1992, the band entered the Record Plant in Sausalito, California, to record their self-titled debut album and although the record, released in 1993 through Music For Nations, did not shift in large quantities Freak Of Nature's relentless work ethic brought in many admirers. \"", "Rocking the USA Rocking the USA is the first White Lion live compilation album released in 2005, now better known as Tramp's White Lion or White Lion 2, with all new band members again but still features original lead singer Mike Tramp. Following the release of five solo albums in the last seven years ending with the album \"Songs I Left Behind\" in 2004, Tramp continued with the reformation of White Lion. The album \"Last Roar\" which was also released in 2004 featured new re-recorded versions of White Lion classic tracks and with the new line up Tramp went on tour in 2005. All the songs on \"Rocking the USA\" are taken from the recent tour with the new line up and features all of White Lion's charted singles. The live versions of \"Wait\" and \"When the Children Cry\" were released as promo and later iTunes singles and were also released as bonus tracks on Return of the Pride in 2008. A live music video was made for the song \"Lights and Thunder\" which features on the White Lion DVD \" Bang Your Head Festival 2005\". In 2007 a single disc edition of the album was released under the title \"White Lion: Live Extended Versions\".", "With White Lion on hold again Tramp continues with his solo career releasing the album Mike Tramp & The Rock 'N' Roll Circuz in 2009, which is also now the name of his solo band, a Copenhagen-based band with all Danish members. The album hit the IFPI, Denmark's official top 40 hitlist albums' at number 16 and features the singles \"All Of My Life\" and \"Come On\" which also features a music video. In 2011 Tramp released the solo album Stand Your Ground featuring the singles \"Distance\" and \"Hymn To Ronnie\", a tribute song to former Heaven & Hell and Black Sabbath vocalist Ronnie James Dio, who died on May 16, 2010. On April 8, 2013 Tramp released the acoustic folk style rock album \"Cobblestone Street\". The album charted at Denmark's official top 40 hitlist albums' at number 21 and features the singles \"New Day\" and \"Revolution\". While promoting his solo album Tramp announced in several interviews that there would no longer be a White Lion of any kind, including the new White Lion or any possible reunions. In August 2014 Tramp released the acoustic folk style rock album \"Museum\". The album charted at Denmark's official top 40 hitlist albums' at number 3 and includes the singles \"Trust in Yourself\" which features a music video directed by his son Dylan and \"Freedom\". Following this release Tramp once again confirmed there would be no more White Lion. With White Lion officially over the voice of the band Mike Tramp continues with his solo career releasing his latest album \"Nomad\" in 2015. The album charted at Denmark's official top 40 hitlist albums' at number 21 and features the singles \"High Like A Mountain\" and \"Give It All You Got\" which features a music video filmed and edited in Copenhagen.", "Return of the Pride  Return of the Pride is the fifth and final studio album featuring original material by White Lion. The album was released in 2008 on March 14 (Europe), April 9 (Japan), April 29 (North America). This is the first original White Lion studio album since their 1991 album \"Mane Attraction\" and is the only studio album with the new-line up which still features original lead singer Mike Tramp. The album is also a sequel to the band's 1987 album \"Pride\". Following the release of the compilation album \"The Best of White Lion\" the band was mostly known as Tramp's White Lion or White Lion 2 due to legal reasons with former members but is now once again simply known as White Lion. The band did a world tour to support the album. White Lion toured India and played to 42,000 at Shillong, Meghalaya, and a 30,000 plus crowd at the Dimapur stadium in Nagaland. The band was invited to India by the head of the Tripura Royal Family Maharaja Kirit Pradyot Deb Burman. \"Return of the Pride\" received mostly lukewarm reviews from fans and critics alike. \"Sea of Tranquility\" criticized the album for deviating from the core White Lion sound commenting the album \"has absolutely nothing in common with the real White Lion.\" Reviewer Murat Batmaz noted that some of the songs were strong as Mike Tramp solo numbers but did not work under the White Lion moniker due to the absence of guitarist Vito Bratta. \" Sputnik Music\" gave the album a similar rating. It was defined as being \"conventional\" and \"[not] horrible. \" The review also argues that the abundance of keyboards is due to the guitarist not being up to the standards of Bratta.", "In 2003, Tramp followed-up with his third album, \"More to Life Than This\", which he once again produced himself but relied on producer/engineer Flemming Rasmussen (Metallica) to engineer and mix the sessions in his very own Sweet Silence Studios. The album's title track, \"More to Life Than This\", and \"Don't Want to Say Good Night\" were both released as singles. A music video made in Australia was released for the song \" Lay Down My Life for You\". Also in 2003, Tramp released the double-disc live album \"Rock 'N' Roll Alive\", which features Tramp performing live versions of songs from White Lion, Freak of Nature, and his solo albums. In 2004 Tramp released the solo album \"Songs I Left Behind\". Tramp also reformed White Lion with a new line-up under the name \"Tramp's White Lion\" (aka White Lion II) due to legal issues with former members. The band played and re-recorded White Lion songs touring and releasing a box set titled \"The Bootleg Series\" in 2004 and a double-live CD entitled \"Rocking the USA\" in 2005. In 2006 Tramp's White Lion toured Europe in November and December with British band Crimes of Passion. In 2007 a White Lion compilation \"The Definitive Rock Collection\" was released and the band was set for a summer tour with Poison and Ratt only to be dropped by the tour promoter after ex-White Lion guitarist Vito Bratta threatened to take legal action over the band name. Eventually Tramp was able to use the original band name again. White Lion recorded a new studio album called \"Return of the Pride\", which was released on March 14, 2008. The band was now once again simply known as White Lion."], "answer": {"text": "acoustic folk style rock album \"Museum\".", "answer_start": 1051}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is meant by \"final activities\"?", "answer": {"text": "With White Lion officially over the voice of the band Mike Tramp continues with his solo career releasing his latest album \"Nomad\" in 2015.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did White Lion become \"officially over\"?", "answer": {"text": "\". Following this release Tramp once again confirmed there would be no more White Lion.", "answer_start": 1279, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e817baeffb34afc85a9704f8aa120a6_0_q#3", "question": "How was that album received?", "rewrite": "How was the album \"Museum\" received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mirai no Museum \"Mirai no Museum\" (Translation: \"Future Museum\") is a song by Japanese girl group Perfume from their fourth studio album \"Level 3\" (2013). The song was released as the album's third single on 27 February 2013. It was written, composed and produced by Yasutaka Nakata. The song is a dance pop track, which features instrumentation from synthesizers and keyboards. The track is translated to \"Future Museum\" and was used as the theme song for the Doraemon film, \"Nobita no Himitsu Dougu Museum\". \"Mirai no Museum\" received negative reviews from music critics, who felt it was childish and interrupted the composition sequence of the album. The song became their eighth consecutive single to stall at number two in Japan. The track became their first charting single in Korea since their 2011 single \"Laser Beam/Kasuka na Kaori\". Yusuke Tanaka commissioned the accompanying music video for the single, which shows Perfume inside a comic book\u2013style world. Perfume have performed the song in a number of live performances throughout Japan. Japanese producer and Capsule musician Yasutaka Nakata wrote, arranged, and composed \"Mirai no Museum\". Nakata has collaborated with all of Perfume's records and songs from 2003 onwards. It was recorded in Tokyo, Japan and was mixed and mastered by Nakata. It is a dance and electropop song, and incorporates instrumentation of a drum machine, synthesizer and keyboards. \"Mirai no Museum\" received mostly negative reviews from music critics. Writing for \"Land of Rising\", Alex Shenmue said the song was one to skip. He felt that while the song was sung and produced well and catchy, \u201cit doesn't fit the role of middle-section track in this album,\u201d and \u201cbreaks the musical delivery.\u201d", "Gremi-Nekresi History and Architecture State Museum-Reserve Lagodekhi Local Museum Rustavi Local Museum Gardabani Local Museum Martkopi History Museum Norio History Museum Nicholas Marr Memorial Museum Nikoloz Baratashvili House Museum Mikheil Javakhishvili House Museum Melik-Phashayev House Museum Tetritskaro Local Museum Bolnisi Local Museum Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani Museum (Village Tandzia)  Kldekari History and Architecture Museum-Reserve  Georgian National Museum. Dmanisi History and Architecture Museum-Reserve Ilia Chavchavadze Saguramo State Museum Great Mtskheta Archaeology State Museum-Reserve Dusheti Local Museum Gudani Ethnography Museum Giorgi and David Eristavi House Museum Vazha-Pshavela House Museum Dartlo Architectural Reserve Tianeti Local Museum Mirza Gelovani House Museum Kazbegi Museum Alexander Kazbegi Stepantsminda Local Museum Khashuri Local Museum Dimitri Kipiani House-Museum Kareli Local Museum Sergi Makalatia Gori History and Ethnography Museum Alexander Javakhishvili House Museum (village Dzevera) Niko Lomouri House Museum (village Arbo) Joseph Stalin Museum in Gori Iakob Gogebashvili House Museum  Uplistsikhe History and Architecture Museum-Reserve Ivane Machabeli House Museum Didi Liakhvi Gorge Museum-Reserve Kaspi Local Museum Jambakur-Orbeliani Palaces Ivane Javakhisvili House Museum Giorgi Mazniashvili House Museum Omar Kelaptrishvili House Museum Ksani Gorge Archaeology Museum-Reserve Georgian National Museum. Samtskhe-Javakheti History Museum Vardzia History and Architecture State Museum-Reserve Akhalkalaki Local Museum Akhaltsikhe Museum Local Museum", "A hidden treasure of more than 20 vintage fire apparatus, most of these in good working order, are waiting to be properly housed/ displayed in a museum, planned by the VFD of Cacilhas (just across the river, from downtown Lisbon). Unfortunately the warehouse where those beauties are kept is not open to the public (you can always try to ask the Fire Chief if you may take a look\u2026). Taiwan houses two fire museums, which are Fire Safety Museum of Taipei City Fire Department in Taipei and Hsinchu City Fire Museum in Hsinchu City. The Greater Manchester Fire Service Museum is in Rochdale and opened in 1983. The Sheffield Fire and Police Museum opened in 1984 and is now called the National Emergency Services Museum. The Welsh Museum of Fire is situated in Neath. The London Fire Brigade Museum is on Lambeth High Street. Fire museums in the USA include the African American Firefighter Museum; Aurora Regional Fire Museum; Austin Fire Museum; Buffalo Fire Historical Museum; Boston Fire Museum; North Charleston Fire Museum Connecticut Fire Museum; Denver Firefighters Museum; Falls Fire Barn Museum; Fire Museum of Memphis; Fire Museum of Greater Cincinnati; Fire Museum of Maryland; Fire Museum of Texas; Hall of Flame Fire Museum; Hinckley Fire Museum; Hoboken Fire Department Museum; Hose 5 Fire Museum; Houston Fire Museum; International Fire Museum, Iowa; Jacksonville Fire Museum; Los Angeles es Fire Department Museum and Memorial; Michigan Firehouse Museum; New Bedford Fire Museum; New York City Fire Museum; Oklahoma State Firefighters Museum; Pennsylvania National Fire Museum; Portland Fire Museum; Reading Area Fire-Fighters Museum; Upper Peninsula Fire Fighters Memorial Museum; Uppertown Firefighter's Museum.", "Ushangi Chkheidze House Museum Kharagauli Local Museum Ghoresha Museum of the Village History Sachkhere Local Museum Akaki Tsereteli State Museum Ozurgeti History Museum Ozurgeti Fine Art Gallery Ekvtime Takaishvili Museum-Reserve of Gurianta-Vashnari Lanchkhuti Local Museum Egnate Ninoshvili House Museum Niko Berdzenishvili Local Museum of Chokhatauri Nodar Dumbadze House Museum Nicholas Marr House Museum  Napareuli Qvevri and Qvevri Wine Museum in Twins Wine Cellar Napareuli Qvevri and Qvevri Wine Museum Sagarejo Local Museum Giorgi Leonidze House Museum David Gareja Historical-Architectural Museum-Reserve Gurjaani Local Museum Nato Vachnadze House Museum Ioseb Noneshvili House Museum Ivane Beritashvili House Museum  Museum of Military Glory  Giorgi Maisuradze Museum of Village History Shalikashvili Brothers Museum of Georgian Army Giorgi Chubinashvili Telavi State History and Ethnography Museum  Alexander Chavchavadze House Museum at Tsinandali Akhmeta Local Museum Raphael Eristavi House Museum Omalo Ethnographic Museum Signagi Museum Vano Sarajishvili House Museum Pore Mosulishvili House Museum Irodion Evdoshvili House Museum Sandro Akhmeteli House Museum Vaso Godziashvili House Museum Sandro Shanshiashvili House Museum Ilo Mosashvili House Museum Alexandre Gzirishvili House Museum Sandro Mirianashvili House Museum Dedoplistskaro Local Museum State Museum of Niko Pirosmanashvili at Mirzaani  Museum of Friendship of Nations Kote Marjanishvili House Museum Ilia Chavchavadze House Museum", "List of museums in Georgia (country)  Museums in Georgia listed by the principal subdivisions of the country. Adjara State Museum Adjara State Museum of Fine Art Kemal Turmanidze's Ethnographic Museum \"Borjgalo\" Batumi Archaeology Museum Ilia Chavchavadze Museum Memed Abashidze House Museum Joseph Stalin House Museum Khelvachauri Local Museum Machakheli Valley Ethnography Museum Gonio-Apsaros Museum-Reserve Khulo Local Museum Adjaristskali Art Gallery Sherip Khimshiashvili House Museum Khikhani Valley Ethnography Museum Oladauri Ethnography Museum Petra-Tsikhisdziri Historical-Architectural Museum-Reserve Niko Berdzenishvili Kutaisi History Museum (web) Kutaisi Sport History Museum Kutaisi Museum of Zakaria Paliashvili Kutaisi Museum of Military Glory Kutaisi Fine Art Gallery Kutaisi-Gelati State Museum-Reserve Niko Nikoladze House Museum Samtredia Picture Gallery Akaki Shanidze House Museum Khoni Local Museum Polikarpe Kakabadze House-Museum Irakli Abashidze House Museum Giorgi Akhvlediani Tskaltubo Local Museum Niko Lortkipanidze House Museum Tskhaltubo Fine Art Museum Vani Fine Art Museum  Galaktion and Titsian Tabidze House Museum  Georgian National Museum. Vani Archaeological Museum Chiatura Local Museum Giorgi Tsereteli House Museum Mountain-climber Japaridze House Museum Tkibuli Local Museum Vladimir Mayakovsky House Museum Chkhari Agriculture and Craft Museum David and Sergo Kldiashvili House Museum Shalva and Petre Amiranashvili House Museum Zestaponi Local Museum"], "answer": {"text": "The album charted at Denmark's official top 40 hitlist albums' at number 3", "answer_start": 1092}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is meant by \"final activities\"?", "answer": {"text": "With White Lion officially over the voice of the band Mike Tramp continues with his solo career releasing his latest album \"Nomad\" in 2015.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did White Lion become \"officially over\"?", "answer": {"text": "\". Following this release Tramp once again confirmed there would be no more White Lion.", "answer_start": 1279, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Following what release was that?", "answer": {"text": "acoustic folk style rock album \"Museum\".", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e817baeffb34afc85a9704f8aa120a6_0_q#4", "question": "Were there any singles released from that album?", "rewrite": "Were there any singles released from the album \"Museum\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Original Singles: 1967\u20131969, Volume 2 The Original Singles: 1967\u20131969 , Volume 2 is a compilation album by American rock 'n' roll band The Byrds. Originally released in 1982, it offered, for the first time, all of the mono single versions of the Byrds' singles released between 1967 and early 1969. The tracks on the album are laid out chronologically by release date of the single, and features the A-side first, then the B-side. For example, the album opens with the \"My Back Pages\" single, which had that on the A-side and \"Renaissance Fair\" on the B-side. The next single was \" Have You Seen Her Face\" with \"Don't Make Waves\" on the B-side, and so forth. Because \"The Original Singles: 1965-1967, Volume 1\" failed to achieve the success hoped for in the U.S. market, Volume 2 was only released in Europe, though it's obvious that the package was intended for U.S. release originally because, as with Volume 1, the single A and B sides that were used correlate with the U.S. single releases. Singles released abroad sometimes had different A and B sides. This album was released on LP in 1982 and has never seen a release on CD, though recordings of the vinyl circulate among Byrds traders as the album still contains certain things that are not available anywhere else. According to The Byrds' biographer Johnny Rogan, CBS approached him to compile a third volume for the UK market but as Rogan recalled, \"I told them they were scraping the barrel, not least because there were not enough singles to make up a full 16-track compilation\". All tracks are in mono.", "Mary Wells discography This is a full discography of albums and singles released by Motown legend Mary Wells during a 30-year career that spanned a repertoire of doo-wop, R&B, pop, soul, disco and dance. Throughout her career, she released a total of sixteen albums and twenty-seven singles that charted between 1960 and 1982. Among the singles, twelve of them reached the Top 40 with four reaching the top ten and one hitting number-one. On the R&B side, eighteen in total reached the top 40, thirteen reached the top ten and three reached the number-one spot. .*Eventually changed to The Billboard 200 in 1984. .**Eventually changed to the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in 1984. All songs were released under the Motown label. The following list are singles released on 20th Century Fox. The following list are singles released on Atco. The following list are singles released on Jubilee. The following list are singles released on Reprise. The following list are singles released on Epic. Including catalogue numbers.", "Bamboo Collage Bamboo Collage is Hitomi Takahashi's second album released under gr8! records, a division of Sony Records. The album was released on October 24, 2007, and, like its predecessor, the album came in two versions, CD Only and CD+DVD. There were a total of five singles to promote the album. Bamboo Collage is the second original studio album to be released by Japanese punk/rock singer Hitomi Takahashi. The album came out just over a month after the release of her 8th single, \"Tsuyoku Nare\", and over a year and a half after her debut album \"sympathy\". The album contains a total of six new songs - the other seven were already released on the five singles released for the album's promotion. As with the singles released for this album, all songs were produced by Takuya, while music and lyrics were written by punk/rock artists such as shogo.k from 175R and Maeda and Yamamoto from GagagaSP. Unlike her debut album, nearly every song on Bamboo Collage falls in the punk/rock genre, while only containing one true ballad song. The album even contains the genre of ska in the song \"Breakthrough\" - a genre that Takahashi had never before attempted. The version of \"Ko\u00b7mo\u00b7re\u00b7bi\" that appears on the album is modified so that it is no longer the ballad song it once was, but is now a punk/rock version to fit with the rest of the album. Album - Oricon Sales Chart (Japan) Singles - Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)", "History: Alisa Mizuki Complete Single Collection History: Alisa Mizuki Complete Single Collection is the fourth compilation album by Japanese recording artist Alisa Mizuki, released through Avex Tune on March 10, 2004. The dual-disc set comprises all of Mizuki's singles, from 1991 to 2004, as well as the two singles released under different aliases. The album included one new track, \"Sky,\" produced by Incognito's Jean-Paul 'Bluey' Maunick. The lyrics to \"Sky\" were written by Mizuki herself, making it the first song she wrote by herself entirely. \" History: Alisa Mizuki Complete Single Collection\" yielded six original singles, \"Break All Day!, \" \"Megami no Mai,\" \"Hitomi no Chikara,\" \"Vacation,\" \"Love Potion\" and \"Shout It Out,\" released in a span of four years. Disc one includes all the singles released through Nippon Columbia, while disc two contains all of Mizuki's singles released through Avex Tune. \" Oh Darling\" and \"Vacation\" were included on disc two as bonus tracks. An A6-size reprint of the first issue of Mizuki's fanclub bulletin, \"Lovers Magazine\", as well as linear notes were included with the release. The first pressing of the compilation included an entry form to win tickets to a premium Alisa Mizuki concert. \"History: Alisa Mizuki Complete Single Collection\" debuted at number 25 on the Oricon Weekly Albums chart with 8,527 copies in its first week, making it Mizuki's first album in over seven years to enter the top thirty, since \"\", as well as being her last to do so. \"History: Alisa Mizuki Complete Single Collection\" is Mizuki's first and only album to be issued in CCCD format.", "singles released in other territories such as the Japanese only singles Further Away (1996) and Nobody Loved You (1998), and singles released only as limited-edition vinyl, CDs and downloads (1991's \"Feminine Is Beautiful\", 2005's \"God Save the Manics\" EP, 2007's \"Underdogs\" and \"The Ghosts of Christmas\", and 2008's \"Umbrella\"). In addition, \"National Treasures\" contains nothing from the Manics' ninth studio album, \"Journal for Plague Lovers\" (2009) because officially, no singles were released from that album (although the track \"Jackie Collins Existential Question Time\" did receive airplay). For a feature article in the 4 October 2011 issue of the \"NME\", to promote \"National Treasures\", Manic Street Preachers James Dean Bradfield, Nicky Wire, and Sean Moore were asked to rank a list of 40 of their singles: the 38 tracks from \"National Treasures\" plus \"Suicide Alley\" and the \"New Art Riot\" EP track, \"Strip It Down\". \"National Treasures\" was released in three formats: a standard 2CD edition, a deluxe 2CD/1DVD edition, and a Super Deluxe edition. The Super Deluxe edition contains 7\" reproductions of each of these singles, as well as \"New Art Riot\". A 14 track \"\"Selected Singles\"\" sampler was also released as a vinyl with Q Magazine containing an exclusive track, a cover of John Cale's \"The Endless Plain of Fortune\". The album is certified Gold in the UK, it also charted in Ireland, Spain and in Japan. The album was promoted with a show at the O Arena. The album received a highly favourable response from critics and it was seen as a unique opportunity to hear all the band's singles and see their history."], "answer": {"text": "singles \"Trust in Yourself\" which features a music video directed by his son Dylan and \"Freedom\".", "answer_start": 1184}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is meant by \"final activities\"?", "answer": {"text": "With White Lion officially over the voice of the band Mike Tramp continues with his solo career releasing his latest album \"Nomad\" in 2015.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did White Lion become \"officially over\"?", "answer": {"text": "\". Following this release Tramp once again confirmed there would be no more White Lion.", "answer_start": 1279, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Following what release was that?", "answer": {"text": "acoustic folk style rock album \"Museum\".", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was that album received?", "answer": {"text": "The album charted at Denmark's official top 40 hitlist albums' at number 3", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e817baeffb34afc85a9704f8aa120a6_0_q#5", "question": "Did the singles do well on the charts?", "rewrite": "Did the singles \"Trust in Yourself\" and \"Freedom\" do well on the charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Let's Keep It That Way Let's Keep It That Way is the 12th studio album by Anne Murray, released in February 1978. On the Canadian charts the album topped both the country and pop album charts. In the U.S., the album returned Murray to the top ten on the country album charts, a place she had not been since 1974's \"Highly Prized Possession\"; on the pop album charts, the album reached #12 (it would ultimately be the highest charting album of Murray's career on the pop album charts). Two singles were released from the album: first, a cover of the Everly Brothers' hit \"Walk Right Back\", which reached #4 on the U.S. country singles charts. The second single released, \"You Needed Me\", would ultimately become one of the biggest hits of Murray's career, topping all three Canadian charts; in the U.S. it reached #1 on the U.S. pop singles charts (becoming Murray's sole chart-topper on the Hot 100 charts), as well as #4 on the country singles charts, and #3 on the A/C charts. This track was also included in the UK issue of her next album, \"New Kind of Feeling\". In addition to the two singles, the title track received substantial Adult Contemporary airplay as an album cut. \"Let's Keep It That Way\" was covered by Juice Newton, and it became her first Top 40 country hit (#37) in 1979. \"You Needed Me\" won Anne the Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Mac Davis would later record the title song, \"Let's Keep It That Way\", taking his version to the top ten on the U.S. country singles chart in 1980.", "Official Charts Company The Official Charts Company, also referred to as Official Charts (previously known as the Chart Information Network (CIN) and The Official UK Charts Company) is a British inter-professional organisation that compiles various \"official\" record charts in the United Kingdom, including the UK Singles Chart, the UK Albums Chart, the UK Singles Downloads Chart and the UK Album Downloads Chart, as well as genre-specific and music video charts. The OCC produces its charts by gathering and combining sales data from retailers through market researchers Millward Brown, and claims to cover 99% of the singles market and 95% of the album market, and aims to collect data from any retailer who sells more than 100 chart items per week. The OCC is operated jointly by the British Phonographic Industry and the Entertainment Retailers Association (ERA) (formerly the British Association of Record Dealers (BARD)). Since 1 July 1997, CIN and then the OCC have compiled the official charts. Prior to this date, the charts were produced by a succession of market research companies, beginning with the British Market Research Bureau in 1969, and later by Gallup. Before the production of the 'official\" charts, various less comprehensive charts were produced, most notably by newspaper/magazine \"New Musical Express\" (\"NME\") which began its chart in 1952; some of these older charts (including \"NME\"s earliest singles charts) are now part of the official OCC canon. All of the OCC's charts are published weekly on Friday nights, and cover sales for the preceding week, Friday to Thursday. From 3 August 1969 until 5 July 2015, the chart week ran from Sunday to Saturday. Genre-specific charts include UK Dance Chart, UK Indie Chart, UK R&B Chart, UK Rock Chart and the Asian Download Chart.", "Searle Freedom Trust The Searle Freedom Trust is a charitable foundation located in the United States. Its stated mission is \"to support work that will lead to a more just, free, and prosperous society\". It was established by business executive Daniel C. Searle in 1998. As of 2014, the trust had an endowment of $150 million. The trust will be depleted and closed by 2025 \"to ensure that the Foundation will always remain in the hands of people who understand my [Searle's] intentions and are committed to carrying out the Foundation's mission\". Searle hired Kimberly O. Dennis to write the mission statement of the Trust. The Trust was originally called the \"D & D Foundation\". Dennis is the president and chief executive officer of the Trust. Searle's son Gideon succeeded his father as chairman of the Trust. The Trust donates over $14 million each year. Searle Freedom Trust engages and supports a variety of topics including welfare policy, cost-benefit analysis of regulatory practices, K-12 educational reform, tax and budget issues, environmental policy, and legal reform. Advisers to the Searle Freedom Trust include James Piereson, Stephen Moore, and Christopher DeMuth. Grantees of the Trust have included conservative and libertarian public policy organizations. Daniel Searle was one of the largest donors to the American Enterprise Institute and the largest in his last two decades. The trust has also donated to the Cato Institute, the Heritage Foundation, the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, the Pacific Research Institute, the Reason Foundation, the State Policy Network, the Federalist Society, Philanthropy Roundtable, the Institute for Humane Studies, the Collegiate Network, and the Political Theory Project at Brown University and Donors Trust (Searle Freedom Trust funds the Dean Searle Fellowship in Economics at Donors Trust).", "That\", \"I Wanna Love You\" and \"Don't Matter\" all achieved commercial success worldwide, with the former reaching number two on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and topping the New Zealand and UK singles charts, and the latter two becoming his first songs to top the Hot 100. Akon contributed guest vocals to a large number of commercially successful singles throughout 2007 and 2008: \"The Sweet Escape\" by singer Gwen Stefani, which reached number two on the Australian, New Zealand and UK singles charts as well as in the United States, \"I Tried\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, \"Bartender\" by T-Pain, \"Sweetest Girl (Dollar Bill)\" by Wyclef Jean and \"Dangerous\" by Kardinal Offishall, among several others. Akon's third album, \"Freedom\", marked a significant stylistic transition from his first two: it eschewed the hip hop and R&B influences of \"Trouble\" and \"Konvicted\" for a more dance-pop orientated sound. \" Right Now (Na Na Na)\", the album's first single, reached number eight on the Hot 100, and the following two singles, \"I'm So Paid\" and \"Beautiful\" reached the top forty of the Hot 100, with the latter reaching the top 40 of many singles charts worldwide. Akon continued to frequently appear on singles by other artists following \"Freedom\" \u2013 in particular the French disc jockey David Guetta single \"Sexy Bitch\", which topped numerous singles charts worldwide \u2013 and his 2010 single, \"Angel\", reached number 56 on the Hot 100.", "List of Michael Jackson records and achievements This article lists some of the sales and chart records and achievements of Michael Jackson (1958\u20132009), an American singer. Jackson's success during his peak in the 1980s and 1990s included a number of notable statistical accomplishments. Data for U.S. sales comes largely from \"Billboard\" magazine and the Recording Industry Association of America. Michael Jackson had 30 Top 10 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 charts. Michael Jackson had 13 number one hits on the Billboard R&B charts. Michael Jackson had seven number one hits on the UK Singles Charts. Michael Jackson had seven number one hits on the Top 100 Singles charts. Michael Jackson had 21 number one hits on the Top 20 Singles charts. Michael Jackson had five number one hits on the Top 50 Singles charts. Michael Jackson had four number one hits on the Top 100 Singles charts. Michael Jackson had five number one hits on the Top 20 Singles charts. Michael Jackson had four number one hits on the Top 100 Singles charts. Michael Jackson had eight number one hits on the Top 100 Singles charts. Michael Jackson had 10 number one hits on the Top 100 Singles charts, more than any other solo artist. Forbes is an American publishing and media company. Its flagship publication, \"Forbes\" magazine, is published bi-weekly. The magazine is well known for its lists, including its lists of the richest Americans (the Forbes 400) and its list of billionaires. Michael Jackson founded in 2006, The Michael Jackson Company LLC, which is the corporation that handles all his business, and from that Jackson died in 2009, all companies belonging to Jackson, and Sony/ATV Music Publishing (50%), MJJ Inc (100%), Optimum Productions (100%), Sycamore Company (50%), Michael Jackson Inc (100%), among others, went to do all owned by The Michael Jackson Company LLC."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is meant by \"final activities\"?", "answer": {"text": "With White Lion officially over the voice of the band Mike Tramp continues with his solo career releasing his latest album \"Nomad\" in 2015.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did White Lion become \"officially over\"?", "answer": {"text": "\". Following this release Tramp once again confirmed there would be no more White Lion.", "answer_start": 1279, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Following what release was that?", "answer": {"text": "acoustic folk style rock album \"Museum\".", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was that album received?", "answer": {"text": "The album charted at Denmark's official top 40 hitlist albums' at number 3", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from that album?", "answer": {"text": "singles \"Trust in Yourself\" which features a music video directed by his son Dylan and \"Freedom\".", "answer_start": 1184, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#0", "question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "rewrite": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 1310 it came under the control of the Knights of Rhodes, and later (mainly in 1457 and 1460) was often attacked by the Ottomans, who eventually conquered it in 1522. Unlike Rhodes and Kos, during the Ottoman period there was no Turkish immigration to Kalymnos. On May 12, 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, Kalymnos was occupied by Italian sailors of the Regia Marina. Italy took control of the island along with other islands of the Dodecanese (except Kastellorizo initially) until 1947, when the Dodecanese were finally united with mainland Greece, as part of the modern Greek state. The majority of Kalymnians are Orthodox Christians. The island belongs to that small part of Greece that does not depend on the Church of Greece, but rather on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople based in Istanbul, Turkey. Kalymnos belongs to the Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia. Kalymnos is known and billed as the \"Sponge-divers' island\". Sponge diving has long been a common occupation on Kalymnos and sponges were the main source of income of Kalymnians, bringing wealth to the island and making it famous throughout the Mediterranean. The Kalymnians harvested sponges from the sea-bed as close as Pserimos or as far as North Africa. Early diving was done without equipment (free diving), using a harpoon. Sponges are still fished individually, by hand. The Greek sponge trade was centered close in the Dodecanese, featuring Kalymnos until mid-80s, when a disease hit the eastern Mediterranean destroying a great number of sponges and damaging the sponge-fishing industry as a result.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "In the late 1990s and early 21st century, there was a resurgence of Jayan's screen persona in Kerala and his old movie scenes came to prominence again. It was owed mostly to programs by popular mimicry stage artists in the State, whose imitations of the star's mannerisms caught on and soon became commonplace in college stage events, television programs and mimicry stage shows along with quotes of superhuman strength known as Jayan quotes. However, it has been pointed out that many grotesquely imitated screen dialogues of Jayan are not actually his, but that of dubbing artist Aleppey Ashraf, who dubbed for many of his characters after his death. The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death. Today, Jayan is best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms and unique speaking style. He has rightly won immortality in the hearts of the Malayalam film fans as a martyr in his yearning to thrill and entertain them even by putting his life at stake. Madhu, a famous actor prominent in the 1960s, once stated in an interview: \"Jayan will forever be young and alive. No one can ever visualise him as an old man.\" A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies. A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf."], "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#1", "question": "Has there been any new releases of his works?", "rewrite": "Has there been any new releases of Jayan Nairs's works?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "In 1310 it came under the control of the Knights of Rhodes, and later (mainly in 1457 and 1460) was often attacked by the Ottomans, who eventually conquered it in 1522. Unlike Rhodes and Kos, during the Ottoman period there was no Turkish immigration to Kalymnos. On May 12, 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, Kalymnos was occupied by Italian sailors of the Regia Marina. Italy took control of the island along with other islands of the Dodecanese (except Kastellorizo initially) until 1947, when the Dodecanese were finally united with mainland Greece, as part of the modern Greek state. The majority of Kalymnians are Orthodox Christians. The island belongs to that small part of Greece that does not depend on the Church of Greece, but rather on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople based in Istanbul, Turkey. Kalymnos belongs to the Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia. Kalymnos is known and billed as the \"Sponge-divers' island\". Sponge diving has long been a common occupation on Kalymnos and sponges were the main source of income of Kalymnians, bringing wealth to the island and making it famous throughout the Mediterranean. The Kalymnians harvested sponges from the sea-bed as close as Pserimos or as far as North Africa. Early diving was done without equipment (free diving), using a harpoon. Sponges are still fished individually, by hand. The Greek sponge trade was centered close in the Dodecanese, featuring Kalymnos until mid-80s, when a disease hit the eastern Mediterranean destroying a great number of sponges and damaging the sponge-fishing industry as a result.", "Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.", "The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "It is with regard to the Nairs living in the former areas of Cochin and South Malabar, which are sometimes jointly referred to as Central Kerala, that there is the most information; that available for North Malabar is the most scant. Two former Travancore State Army divisions, the 1st Travancore Nayar Infantry and the 2nd Travancore Nayar Infantry were converted into 9th and 16th Battalions of Madras Regiment respectively after the independence. The Nayar Army from Cochin was incorporated into the 17th Battalion. Historically most Nairs were literate in Malayalam, and many in Sanskrit. The explanation for this literacy was attributed to the general needs of administration, as many Nairs served as scribes and bailiffs for the royal courts. Many Nairs had become prominent philosophers and poets, and from the 16th century and onwards the Nairs contributed increasingly to literature and drama. Nairs from the lowest subsections of the community had also partaken in these artistic traditions. By the 19th century, novels written by Nairs had dealt with themes of social change. These themes would primarily relate to the rise of the nuclear family in replacement of the old matrilineal system. Novels such as, for example, \"Indulekha\" by O.C Menon had themes which dealt with societal constraints on romantic love, while C.V Raman Pillai's \"Marthanda Varma\" had dealt with themes relating to the Nair military past. Kathakali is a dance-drama which portrays scenes from Sanskrit epics or stories. The dance drama was historically performed exclusively by Nairs and had always traditionally been associated with them; Nair rulers and chiefs had patronized the art, the first Ramanattam plays were written by a Nair from a ruling family, and Kathakali had foundations in Nair military training and religious customs."], "answer": {"text": "A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "answer_start": 1467}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#2", "question": "Did he receive any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Jayan Nairs receive any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "It is with regard to the Nairs living in the former areas of Cochin and South Malabar, which are sometimes jointly referred to as Central Kerala, that there is the most information; that available for North Malabar is the most scant. Two former Travancore State Army divisions, the 1st Travancore Nayar Infantry and the 2nd Travancore Nayar Infantry were converted into 9th and 16th Battalions of Madras Regiment respectively after the independence. The Nayar Army from Cochin was incorporated into the 17th Battalion. Historically most Nairs were literate in Malayalam, and many in Sanskrit. The explanation for this literacy was attributed to the general needs of administration, as many Nairs served as scribes and bailiffs for the royal courts. Many Nairs had become prominent philosophers and poets, and from the 16th century and onwards the Nairs contributed increasingly to literature and drama. Nairs from the lowest subsections of the community had also partaken in these artistic traditions. By the 19th century, novels written by Nairs had dealt with themes of social change. These themes would primarily relate to the rise of the nuclear family in replacement of the old matrilineal system. Novels such as, for example, \"Indulekha\" by O.C Menon had themes which dealt with societal constraints on romantic love, while C.V Raman Pillai's \"Marthanda Varma\" had dealt with themes relating to the Nair military past. Kathakali is a dance-drama which portrays scenes from Sanskrit epics or stories. The dance drama was historically performed exclusively by Nairs and had always traditionally been associated with them; Nair rulers and chiefs had patronized the art, the first Ramanattam plays were written by a Nair from a ruling family, and Kathakali had foundations in Nair military training and religious customs.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.", "In 1310 it came under the control of the Knights of Rhodes, and later (mainly in 1457 and 1460) was often attacked by the Ottomans, who eventually conquered it in 1522. Unlike Rhodes and Kos, during the Ottoman period there was no Turkish immigration to Kalymnos. On May 12, 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, Kalymnos was occupied by Italian sailors of the Regia Marina. Italy took control of the island along with other islands of the Dodecanese (except Kastellorizo initially) until 1947, when the Dodecanese were finally united with mainland Greece, as part of the modern Greek state. The majority of Kalymnians are Orthodox Christians. The island belongs to that small part of Greece that does not depend on the Church of Greece, but rather on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople based in Istanbul, Turkey. Kalymnos belongs to the Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia. Kalymnos is known and billed as the \"Sponge-divers' island\". Sponge diving has long been a common occupation on Kalymnos and sponges were the main source of income of Kalymnians, bringing wealth to the island and making it famous throughout the Mediterranean. The Kalymnians harvested sponges from the sea-bed as close as Pserimos or as far as North Africa. Early diving was done without equipment (free diving), using a harpoon. Sponges are still fished individually, by hand. The Greek sponge trade was centered close in the Dodecanese, featuring Kalymnos until mid-80s, when a disease hit the eastern Mediterranean destroying a great number of sponges and damaging the sponge-fishing industry as a result."], "answer": {"text": "best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms", "answer_start": 834}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has there been any new releases of his works?", "answer": {"text": "A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "answer_start": 1467, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#3", "question": "Did he leave behind any family?", "rewrite": "Did Jayan Nairs leave behind any family?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "In 1310 it came under the control of the Knights of Rhodes, and later (mainly in 1457 and 1460) was often attacked by the Ottomans, who eventually conquered it in 1522. Unlike Rhodes and Kos, during the Ottoman period there was no Turkish immigration to Kalymnos. On May 12, 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, Kalymnos was occupied by Italian sailors of the Regia Marina. Italy took control of the island along with other islands of the Dodecanese (except Kastellorizo initially) until 1947, when the Dodecanese were finally united with mainland Greece, as part of the modern Greek state. The majority of Kalymnians are Orthodox Christians. The island belongs to that small part of Greece that does not depend on the Church of Greece, but rather on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople based in Istanbul, Turkey. Kalymnos belongs to the Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia. Kalymnos is known and billed as the \"Sponge-divers' island\". Sponge diving has long been a common occupation on Kalymnos and sponges were the main source of income of Kalymnians, bringing wealth to the island and making it famous throughout the Mediterranean. The Kalymnians harvested sponges from the sea-bed as close as Pserimos or as far as North Africa. Early diving was done without equipment (free diving), using a harpoon. Sponges are still fished individually, by hand. The Greek sponge trade was centered close in the Dodecanese, featuring Kalymnos until mid-80s, when a disease hit the eastern Mediterranean destroying a great number of sponges and damaging the sponge-fishing industry as a result.", "It is with regard to the Nairs living in the former areas of Cochin and South Malabar, which are sometimes jointly referred to as Central Kerala, that there is the most information; that available for North Malabar is the most scant. Two former Travancore State Army divisions, the 1st Travancore Nayar Infantry and the 2nd Travancore Nayar Infantry were converted into 9th and 16th Battalions of Madras Regiment respectively after the independence. The Nayar Army from Cochin was incorporated into the 17th Battalion. Historically most Nairs were literate in Malayalam, and many in Sanskrit. The explanation for this literacy was attributed to the general needs of administration, as many Nairs served as scribes and bailiffs for the royal courts. Many Nairs had become prominent philosophers and poets, and from the 16th century and onwards the Nairs contributed increasingly to literature and drama. Nairs from the lowest subsections of the community had also partaken in these artistic traditions. By the 19th century, novels written by Nairs had dealt with themes of social change. These themes would primarily relate to the rise of the nuclear family in replacement of the old matrilineal system. Novels such as, for example, \"Indulekha\" by O.C Menon had themes which dealt with societal constraints on romantic love, while C.V Raman Pillai's \"Marthanda Varma\" had dealt with themes relating to the Nair military past. Kathakali is a dance-drama which portrays scenes from Sanskrit epics or stories. The dance drama was historically performed exclusively by Nairs and had always traditionally been associated with them; Nair rulers and chiefs had patronized the art, the first Ramanattam plays were written by a Nair from a ruling family, and Kathakali had foundations in Nair military training and religious customs.", "Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has there been any new releases of his works?", "answer": {"text": "A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "answer_start": 1467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#4", "question": "Have any other stunt actors emerged in his absence?", "rewrite": "Have any other stunt actors emerged in Jayan Nairs's absence other than the risky stunt?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "Other Asian cinema stars also known for performing elaborate stunts including Thai actor Tony Jaa, Indonesian actors Iko Uwais and Yayan Ruhian, and Indian actors Jayan, Akshay Kumar, Puneeth Rajkumar, Vidyut Jammwal and Tiger Shroff. While modern computer-generated imagery (CGI) technology is considered by many stunt professionals to potentially be curtailing the industry to but a shadow of its former self, the costs of CGI on most films and for most scenes presently far outweigh the benefits. While CGI allows directors to create stunts that would be very expensive, dangerous or simply impossible to perform with real stunt people, the backlash has resulted in a new genre of \"real\" movies marketed on the basis that the scenes are real and that no CGI has been used to create the final production. There is no Oscar category for stunt performance, but in 1967, Yakima Canutt was awarded an honorary Oscar for his stunt career. The Academy of Television Arts and Sciences awards an Emmy for stunt coordinators. The Taurus World Stunt Awards gives stunt people their own annual awards, but also through its foundation offers financial support to stunt men around the world who have been injured while on the job. Although the stories that stuntmen died while filming \"Ben Hur\" and \"Where Eagles Dare\" are apocryphal myths, life-threatening injuries and deaths are not uncommon. Contracts often stipulate that the footage may be used if the performer is injured or dies during filming, and some filmmakers including Jackie Chan, consider it disrespectful not to do so. During the filming of \"How the West Was Won\" (1962), a number of stunt performers and actors were injured, the most notable of which was Robert Drew \"Bob\" Morgan.", "Production was delayed when Keaton broke his nose in a baseball game. The film includes Keaton's single most famous stunt: an entire building facade collapsing all around him. The open attic window fits neatly around Keaton's body as it falls, coming within inches of flattening him. (Keaton had performed a similar, though less elaborate, stunt in his earlier short films \"One Week\" and \"Back Stage\"). Keaton did the stunt himself with a real, two-ton building facade and no trickery. It has been claimed that if he had stood just inches off the correct spot, Keaton would have been seriously injured or killed. His third wife Eleanor suggested that he took such risks due to despair over financial problems, his failing first marriage, the imminent loss of his filmmaking independence, and recklessness borne of his worsening alcohol abuse at the time. Evidence that Keaton was suicidal, however, is scant\u2014he was known throughout his career for performing dangerous stunts independent of any difficulties in his personal life, including a fall from a railroad water tower tube in 1924's \"Sherlock Jr.\" in which his neck was fractured. At the end of shooting, Schenck announced the dissolution of Buster Keaton Productions. Keaton shot the risky stunt, not caring if he lived or died, later saying \"I was mad at the time, or I would never have done the thing. \" The mark on the ground telling Keaton exactly where to stand to avoid being crushed was a nail. Keaton later said that filming the shot was one of his greatest thrills. It is one of the few Keaton films to reference his fame. At the time of filming, he had stopped wearing his trademark pork pie hat with a short flat crown.", "Other Asian cinema stars also known for performing elaborate stunts including Thai actor Tony Jaa, Indonesian actors Iko Uwais and Yayan Ruhian, and Indian actors Jayan, Akshay Kumar, Vidyut Jammwal and Tiger Shroff. Reality competition television shows such as \"Fear Factor\" and \"Going Straight\" have required contestants to complete stunts to win prize money. Films such as \"Hooper\" and \"The Stunt Man\" and the 1980s television show \" The Fall Guy\" sought to raise the profile of the stunt performer and debunk the myth that film stars perform all their own stunts. Noted stunt coordinators Hal Needham, Craig R. Baxley, and Vic Armstrong went on to direct the action films \"The Cannonball Run\", \"Action Jackson\", and \"Joshua Tree\". Vic Armstrong became the first stuntman to win both an Academy Award (for developing a descender rig as a safe alternative to airbags) and a BAFTA award (for lifetime achievement in film). But the status of stuntmen in Hollywood is still low; despite the fact that few films of any genre or type could be made without them, stunt performers are still seen as working mainly in action films. Repeated campaigns for a \"Best Stunts\" Academy Award have been rejected. In 2001, the first \"World Stunt Awards\" were presented in Los Angeles by actor Alec Baldwin. The event had A-list stars presenting the statues to Hollywood's unsung heroes. Arnold Schwarzenegger was presented with the first \"Lifetime Achievement\" award. He presented the awards in 2001. The awards show hands out eight awards: Best Fight, Best Fire Stunt, Best High Work, Best Overall Stunt by a Stunt Man, Best Overall Stunt by a Stunt Woman, Best Speciality Stunt, Best Work with a Vehicle and Best Stunt Coordinator and/or 2nd Unit Director.", "The scene where Tapping had to strip and be hosed down with water was the hardest sequence Tapping had filmed in her entire acting career; Tapping \"bawled [her] eyes out\" between takes. Shooting the sequence was also hard on the crew who were present on set. Because the producers believe the audience could misconstrued the scene as Magnus being raped, before shooting the sequence Tapping asked director Brenton Spencer not to make it sexual in any way. The two stunt actors who hosed her with water were the same stunt actors Tapping worked with for years during her tenure on \"Stargate SG-1\"; Tapping chose the actors because of her trust with them. The scene, written by James Thorpe, was initially considered to be cut by Kindler as soon as the script was completed; Kindler was against the idea, but eventually decided to keep it, realising it would be a harrowing moment for Magnus. Robin Dunne altered his appearance for a more \"post-apocalyptic warrior look.\" This included the addition of scars, a \"funky eye\" contact lens, and a mullet, which Kindler believed was \"ubiquitus\" for the look. Tapping noted that seeing Zimmerman's altered appearance for the first time \"creeped [her] out.\" She also stated that while Dunne played the darker version of Zimmerman, she felt there were times he \"really wanted to punch [her] in the face.\" Martin Wood believed Dunne did \"an amazing job\" playing the most unlike Zimmerman. Throughout filming, Dunne and Tapping performed their own stunts. The episode became one of the most expensive in the series, partially due to the rather extensive use of prosthetic makeup. The destroyed city skyline was in fact a painting made by the production designers. Andrew Lockington composed the score of the episode."], "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has there been any new releases of his works?", "answer": {"text": "A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "answer_start": 1467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave behind any family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#5", "question": "Have any plans been made to memorialize his contribution to film?", "rewrite": "Have any plans been made to memorialize Jayan Nairs's contribution to film?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 1310 it came under the control of the Knights of Rhodes, and later (mainly in 1457 and 1460) was often attacked by the Ottomans, who eventually conquered it in 1522. Unlike Rhodes and Kos, during the Ottoman period there was no Turkish immigration to Kalymnos. On May 12, 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, Kalymnos was occupied by Italian sailors of the Regia Marina. Italy took control of the island along with other islands of the Dodecanese (except Kastellorizo initially) until 1947, when the Dodecanese were finally united with mainland Greece, as part of the modern Greek state. The majority of Kalymnians are Orthodox Christians. The island belongs to that small part of Greece that does not depend on the Church of Greece, but rather on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople based in Istanbul, Turkey. Kalymnos belongs to the Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia. Kalymnos is known and billed as the \"Sponge-divers' island\". Sponge diving has long been a common occupation on Kalymnos and sponges were the main source of income of Kalymnians, bringing wealth to the island and making it famous throughout the Mediterranean. The Kalymnians harvested sponges from the sea-bed as close as Pserimos or as far as North Africa. Early diving was done without equipment (free diving), using a harpoon. Sponges are still fished individually, by hand. The Greek sponge trade was centered close in the Dodecanese, featuring Kalymnos until mid-80s, when a disease hit the eastern Mediterranean destroying a great number of sponges and damaging the sponge-fishing industry as a result.", "Minnaminuginum Minnukettu Minnaminuginum Minnukettu is a 1995 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Thulasidas and produced by Mukesh R. Mehta. The film stars Jayaram, Shobhana, Thilakan and Kaviyoor Ponnamma in the lead roles. The film has musical score by S. P. Venkatesh. Jayan (Jayaram) is a happy-go-lucky type guy who leads comfortable life due to his wealthy father (Thilakan) and lives along with his father, mother (Kaviyoor Ponnamma) and sister (Chippy). He is always accompanied by his friend Unni (Jagadeesh) who doesn't have parents or relatives. But even though Jayan was a rebel type of guy, he always has kindness for the poor. Once such incident made him have a clash with Unnithan (Janardhanan), a wealthy contractor. But later Jayan finds that Unnithan and his father were great friends and that incident turns the way for a marriage proposal with Unnithan's daughter Radhika (Shobhana). Even though Jayan initially was disinterested in the proposal, he finally agreed to see Unnithan's daughter. When Jayan saw Radhika, he was set in a motionless state and his hands were shaking when Radhika offered the tea cup to him. There was a flashback story between Jayan and Radhika during their college lives. Suresh Menon (Mahesh), who was then the roommate of Jayan was in love with Radhika. Jayan finally took his proposal only to see him getting insulted and finally slapped by Radhika in front of her friends. This made Jayan set a trap for her.", "Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.", "The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s."], "answer": {"text": "A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies.", "answer_start": 1339}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has there been any new releases of his works?", "answer": {"text": "A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "answer_start": 1467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave behind any family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Have any other stunt actors emerged in his absence?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#6", "question": "Do they have any indication why the resurgance happened when it did?", "rewrite": "Do film producers have any indication why the resurgance happened in 2000s", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Dykeman's Spring  Dykeman's Spring, also known as Ainsworth Fish Farm and Asper Tract, is a historic fish farm located at Shippensburg in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. The property has two contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and one contributing structure. They are the Dykeman manor house (1871), hatch house (1871), the engineered structure of two connected ponds, and Dykeman's spring and two archaeological sites. The Dykeman manor house was originally built about 1855, and remodeled and enlarged in the Italian Villa style in 1871. It is a 2 1/2-story, brick dwelling, 5-bays wide and 4-bays deep, on a limestone foundation. It features a hipped roof topped by six foot square cupola. The hatch house is a two-story limestone building measuring 31 feet wide by 36 feet deep. The trout hatchery opened in 1871. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. Dykeman Park is a 50-acre municipal park that includes Dykeman's Spring. The park includes the buildings, pond, a wetlands nature trail, picnic facilities, walking trails, and a baseball/softball field.", "Dykeman and Stokely wrote several books together. After Dykeman died in 2006, Appalachian writer Jeff Daniel Marion called the couple's marriage a \"partnership in every sense of the word,\" describing Dykeman and Stokely as \"partners in writing, partners in marriage and partners in having similar points of view.\" In addition to this, in honor of Wilma Dykeman who strongly advocated for linkage between economic development and economic protection along the French Broad River, both the City of Asheville and Buncombe County in Western North Carolina have adopted the Wilma Dykeman RiverWay Plan - a 17-mile greenway & park system that intends to revitalize sustainable economic growth along the French Broad and Swannanoa River. Dykeman died on December 22, 2006 after suffering complications from a fractured hip and subsequent hip replacement surgery. She is buried in the Lewis Memorial Park, just behind Beaverdam Baptist Church in Asheville, near her childhood home. Her tombstone is quite easy to find as it lies on top of a knoll just behind the church. Dykeman wrote a total of eighteen books, including both nonfiction and fiction. Her first book, \"The French Broad\", was published in 1955 as part of the Holt Rinehart \"Rivers of America Series\". Dykeman wrote three novels: \" The Tall Woman\" (1962), \"The Far Family\" (1966), and \"Return the Innocent Earth\" (1973). The main character in \"The Tall Woman\" is a mountain woman who works to bring a community together after the Civil War. \" The Far Family\" continues the story of that same woman's family, generations later. \"Return the Innocent Earth\" recalls the Stokely family's legacy, examining modern industry through a fictionalized Tennessee canning company.", "The book portrayed the Clayburns, a poor but enterprising family who went into the canning business in a small mountain town called Churchill around 1900. Dykeman's 1975 book \"Too Many People, Too Little Love\" is a biography of Edna Rankin McKinnon, a pioneer in family planning. From 1962 to 2000, she was a columnist for the \"Knoxville News-Sentinel\" newspaper, contributing as many as three columns each week. When introducing her as a new columnist, the paper's editor announced that Dykeman would write under the title \"The Simple Life,\" which would be \"a momentary turning aside, a glimpse down a different path, to see, hear, feel, ponder the common uniqueness of our lives\" and communicate \"the salt of humor, gnarled strength of old ideals, the variety of new ideas and the friendship of people well-known and little-known along the way. \" Two collections of her columns were published in book form: \"The Simple Life\" and \"Explorations\" (1984). She also contributed regular columns to the \"Newport Plain Talk\" newspaper. Dykeman's writings also appeared in magazines including \"The New York Times\" magazine, \"U.S. News & World Report\", \"Harper's\", and \"Reader's Digest\". Dykeman was popular as a public speaker, giving 50 to 75 lectures a year by her own estimate. She also taught classes at Berea College and the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. She was a member of Board of Trustees for Berea College and the advisory board of the University of North Carolina. During the period 1978 to 1982 she served as a consultant to the Children's Museum of Oak Ridge for its \"An Appalachian Experience\" public education project, of which her son James R. Stokely III was executive director.", "Wilma Dykeman  Wilma Dykeman Stokely (May 20, 1920 \u2013 December 22, 2006) was an American writer of fiction and nonfiction whose works chronicled the people and land of Appalachia. Dykeman grew up in the Beaverdam community of Buncombe County, North Carolina, now part of Asheville. She was the only child of Bonnie Cole Dykeman and Willard Dykeman. Her father had relocated to the Asheville area from New York as a widower with two grown children, and had met and married her mother in Asheville. He was 60 years old when Wilma was born and died when Wilma was 14 years old. In later life, she credited both of her parents for giving her a love of reading and her father for giving her a love of nature and a curiosity about the world around her. She attended Biltmore Junior College (now the University of North Carolina at Asheville), graduating in 1938, and Northwestern University, where she was elected to membership in Phi Beta Kappa and graduated in 1940 with a major in speech. In August 1940, shortly after her graduation from Northwestern, she was introduced to her future husband, James R. Stokely, Jr., by Mabel Wolfe, the sister of Asheville writer Thomas Wolfe. Stokely, of Newport, Tennessee, was a son of the president of Stokely Brothers Canning Company (which in 1933 bought Van Camp to become Stokely-Van Camp Inc. The Stokely brand of canned food is now a brand of Seneca Foods and Van Camps a brand of Conagra Inc.) The couple married just two months after they met. They had two sons, Dykeman Stokely and James R. \"Rory\" Stokely III. The couple maintained homes in Asheville and Newport, and Dykeman continued to divide her time in both homes after Stokely died in 1977.", "Wilma Dykeman RiverWay Plan The Wilma Dykeman RiverWay Plan is RiverLink's design to redevelop the urban riverfront corridor of the U.S. City of Asheville, as a demonstration project for the entire French Broad River watershed by connecting a Greenway System along the French Broad and Swannanoa Rivers. It was built and expanded on a former Plan created by RiverLink in 1989, called the Asheville Riverfront Plan, which won the American Planning Association Award and represents the consolidation of over 20 years of community planning. Aside from providing environmental benefits, and recreational and wellness opportunities, the Wilma Dykeman RiverWay Plan is expected to revitalize the riverfront by encouraging economic development and job creation. Proponents of the plan say that with a cost benefit analysis, the essence of The Wilma Dykeman RiverWay Plan speaks for itself in terms of return on investment, tax base enhancement, bond rating improvement, job creation, mixed-use trails and sustainable development. Furthermore, the connectivity of The RiverWay would encourage multi-modal transportation opportunities like bicycling, and enhance access to the city's riverfronts. However, the full implementation of The RiverWay is a complex and expensive task. Nevertheless, RiverLink has continued to further the plan by attaining riverfront parcels through conservation easement donations and property sales. In addition, state and federal governments have played a role in funding the Dykeman Plan, primarily through grants from the Department of Transportation. Since its inception in 1987, RiverLink, a regional non-profit organization, has spearheaded The RiverWay by gaining public support and partnering with local, state, regional and federal agencies, the public at large, private foundations, Buncombe County, and the City of Asheville for the plan's implementation."], "answer": {"text": "It was owed mostly to programs by popular mimicry stage artists in the State, whose imitations of the star's mannerisms caught on", "answer_start": 152}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has there been any new releases of his works?", "answer": {"text": "A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "answer_start": 1467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave behind any family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Have any other stunt actors emerged in his absence?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Have any plans been made to memorialize his contribution to film?", "answer": {"text": "A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies.", "answer_start": 1339, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da71b2eacf9249bc964a5f4c145c2cf3_0_q#7", "question": "Are those involved in the new project people who worked with him before?", "rewrite": "are the producers people who worked with Jayan Nairs before?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.", "In 1310 it came under the control of the Knights of Rhodes, and later (mainly in 1457 and 1460) was often attacked by the Ottomans, who eventually conquered it in 1522. Unlike Rhodes and Kos, during the Ottoman period there was no Turkish immigration to Kalymnos. On May 12, 1912, during the Italo-Turkish War, Kalymnos was occupied by Italian sailors of the Regia Marina. Italy took control of the island along with other islands of the Dodecanese (except Kastellorizo initially) until 1947, when the Dodecanese were finally united with mainland Greece, as part of the modern Greek state. The majority of Kalymnians are Orthodox Christians. The island belongs to that small part of Greece that does not depend on the Church of Greece, but rather on the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople based in Istanbul, Turkey. Kalymnos belongs to the Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalaia. Kalymnos is known and billed as the \"Sponge-divers' island\". Sponge diving has long been a common occupation on Kalymnos and sponges were the main source of income of Kalymnians, bringing wealth to the island and making it famous throughout the Mediterranean. The Kalymnians harvested sponges from the sea-bed as close as Pserimos or as far as North Africa. Early diving was done without equipment (free diving), using a harpoon. Sponges are still fished individually, by hand. The Greek sponge trade was centered close in the Dodecanese, featuring Kalymnos until mid-80s, when a disease hit the eastern Mediterranean destroying a great number of sponges and damaging the sponge-fishing industry as a result.", "The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "It is with regard to the Nairs living in the former areas of Cochin and South Malabar, which are sometimes jointly referred to as Central Kerala, that there is the most information; that available for North Malabar is the most scant. Two former Travancore State Army divisions, the 1st Travancore Nayar Infantry and the 2nd Travancore Nayar Infantry were converted into 9th and 16th Battalions of Madras Regiment respectively after the independence. The Nayar Army from Cochin was incorporated into the 17th Battalion. Historically most Nairs were literate in Malayalam, and many in Sanskrit. The explanation for this literacy was attributed to the general needs of administration, as many Nairs served as scribes and bailiffs for the royal courts. Many Nairs had become prominent philosophers and poets, and from the 16th century and onwards the Nairs contributed increasingly to literature and drama. Nairs from the lowest subsections of the community had also partaken in these artistic traditions. By the 19th century, novels written by Nairs had dealt with themes of social change. These themes would primarily relate to the rise of the nuclear family in replacement of the old matrilineal system. Novels such as, for example, \"Indulekha\" by O.C Menon had themes which dealt with societal constraints on romantic love, while C.V Raman Pillai's \"Marthanda Varma\" had dealt with themes relating to the Nair military past. Kathakali is a dance-drama which portrays scenes from Sanskrit epics or stories. The dance drama was historically performed exclusively by Nairs and had always traditionally been associated with them; Nair rulers and chiefs had patronized the art, the first Ramanattam plays were written by a Nair from a ruling family, and Kathakali had foundations in Nair military training and religious customs."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Jayan Nairs comeback?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has there been any new releases of his works?", "answer": {"text": "A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "answer_start": 1467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave behind any family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Have any other stunt actors emerged in his absence?", "answer": {"text": "The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death.", "answer_start": 653, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Have any plans been made to memorialize his contribution to film?", "answer": {"text": "A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies.", "answer_start": 1339, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they have any indication why the resurgance happened when it did?", "answer": {"text": "It was owed mostly to programs by popular mimicry stage artists in the State, whose imitations of the star's mannerisms caught on", "answer_start": 152, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9280dc959f84f77b62766b14869c704_0_q#0", "question": "What is the Rebel by The Wallflowers?", "rewrite": "What is the Rebel by The Wallflowers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After touring for nearly two years, the Wallflowers took a short break before returning to the studio to record their third album, \"(Breach)\". Dylan approached the songwriting process differently this time than he had for the Wallflowers' two previous albums, explaining that he didn't want to avoid the subject of his personal life, as he had done in the past: \"\" (Breach)\" was the first record that I realized that it's necessary and I have a right to write about anything that I want to write about. I'm not going to dance around these subjects anymore ... I don't have any interest in writing songs that are defensive or that address anything that don't come naturally to me but I also realized that I needed to stop this nonsense of pretending that hiding any of this information counts to anybody; it just doesn't really matter anymore.\" The Wallflowers entered the studio towards the end of 1999 with producers Michael Penn and Andrew Slater, the Wallflowers' manager. \" (Breach)\" took about eight months to record and was released on October 10, 2000. The Wallflowers embarked on a tour that lasted through the end of 2000 and into 2001, making stops in Japan and Madison Square Garden in New York for a four-night run, opening for the Who. In October 2000, Dylan was featured on the cover of \"Rolling Stone\" for a second time. In October 2001, guitarist Michael Ward announced he was leaving the Wallflowers, citing creative differences. Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, \"Red Letter Days\" in 2001. The band recorded demos while on tour with John Mellencamp that year before getting into the studio in Santa Monica, California.", "In 2011, Dylan was featured on several film and television soundtracks, including \"A Little Help\", for which he wrote three songs, and \"True Blood: Vol.3\", for which he wrote a song with Gary Louris called \"Gonna Be a Darkness. \" Dylan was also featured on the 2011 album, \"The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams\"; an album featuring various artists covering previously \"lost\" lyrics by Hank Williams. In August 2011, Dylan and Wallflowers keyboardist Rami Jaffee performed at the Farm Aid benefit concert in Kansas City. On November 1, 2011 it was announced that the Wallflowers would be reuniting to release a sixth studio album the following year. The Wallflowers had toured on and off during their hiatus but had not made an album together since 2005's \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". The Wallflowers recorded their sixth studio album, \"Glad All Over\" in Nashville, Tennessee in early 2012. Shortly before entering the studio, the band replaced drummer Fred Eltringham with Jack Irons. The writing process was different for this album than previous Wallflowers albums; instead of Dylan bringing in completed songs, he brought only lyrics to the studio and as a band, they wrote the music for the songs. The Wallflowers toured throughout the summer and fall of 2012. \"Glad All Over\" was released on October 9, 2012 on Columbia Records. In the spring of 2013, the Wallflowers did an arena tour opening for Eric Clapton. In 2013 the Wallflowers went through a number of personnel changes, beginning with longtime keyboard player Rami Jaffee. Jaffee played his last show with the Wallflowers to date in 2013 but has since not officially announced that he quit the band.", "Due to the absence of a lead guitarist during the recording for \"Red Letter Days\", Dylan took on more lead guitar duties than he had previously. \" Red Letter Days\" was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller and Bill Appleberry. Following the release of the album's first single, \"When You're On Top\" on August 16, 2002, \"Red Letter Days\" was released on November 5, 2002. Following tours in the U.S. and Europe, drummer Mario Calire announced he was leaving the Wallflowers in 2003. The Wallflowers returned to the studio in July 2004 to record their fifth album, \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". Instead of recording in Los Angeles, the Wallflowers instead opted to record in Atlanta, Georgia; which was where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, was based. To replace drummer Mario Calire, Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers just before getting into the studio. In addition to writing the songs, Dylan also painted the cover art for this album. \"Rebel, Sweetheart\" was released on May 24, 2005. The Wallflowers toured through the summer of 2005, joined by guitarist Stuart Mathis, on what would be their last tour for 2 years. After 2005, the Wallflowers parted ways with their longtime record label, Interscope Records. Beginning in 2006, Dylan began playing shows without the Wallflowers, though he did tour with the band on numerous occasions between 2007 and 2009. In May and June 2006, Dylan toured with former Wallflowers producer T Bone Burnett, performing solo acoustic opening sets. In fall of that year, Dylan's song \"Here Comes Now\" was featured as the theme song for an ABC drama, \"Six Degrees\". Also in the fall of 2006, it was announced that Dylan had signed a solo recording contract with Columbia Records.", "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz.", "Vive le beau mai, le mois de la girofl\u00e9e! </poem><poem > I have a pretty laurel, a pretty, French laurel. Who would like my laurel? Whom shall I give it to? \"I prefer  \"a bouquet of wallflowers \"a bouquet of freshly-cut wallflowers.\" Is that orange blossom? I have only a beautiful laurel. I have no wallflowers. \"A bouquet of wallflowers \"covered in dew.\" And it is the laurel that I want to give you. Take my beautiful laurel. \"Ah! Ah! Ah! Ah!\" \"Ah! Give me a fine bouquet!\" Alas, I have no wallflowers. My pretty laurel, Would you like a necklace of nasturtiums? A pretty necklace that I have covered with kisses? \"If you give me  \"the bouquet I ask for \"I will see if I  \"can marry you \" It is at St Matthew's \"that we will be married, \"if you give me  \"the bouquet of wallflowers.\" And if I give you a bouquet \u2013 a bouquet of wallflowers do you promise me you will kiss me on the cheek? \"I will give you \"what you ask me, \"then at St Matthew's \"we will be married. \" It's at Saint Matthew's that we will marry, give me that wallflowers for our marriage. Long live beautiful May, the month of the wallflower! </poem> In the second of the two choral sections for female and male voices the men woo the women offering laurels as a present; the women insist on bouquets of wallflowers before they will accept the men. The movement is marked \"moderato non troppo\"."], "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 14}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f9280dc959f84f77b62766b14869c704_0_q#1", "question": "What songs were on this album?", "rewrite": "What songs were on Rebel, Sweetheart by The Wallflowers?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Other labels were not interested in signing the band, and Jaffee filled his time by playing gigs with El Vez as well as taking more session work. He kept his interest in the Wallflowers, saying later, \"I believe in these songs, and I'm here for the duration because no one is writing songs like these anymore, songs that have room for a Hammond organ and me.\" The Wallflowers signed to Interscope Records in 1994. While working with T Bone Burnett, who was producing the band's next album, Jaffee was frequently called in as a session musician for producers Paul Fox, Matt Hyde and Rick Neigher. Because of this, in 1996 he was credited on albums by Rickie Lee Jones, the Hookers, Leah Andreone and Chalk FarM. At the same time, the Wallflowers released their second album, \"Bringing Down the Horse\", which went quadruple Platinum. The band toured in support of the album, but in 1997, Jaffee and his wife had a daughter, and he left the tour to be with his family for two months. That same year, he performed session work with Everclear, Grant Lee Buffalo, Richie Sambora, Macy Gray, Jeremy Toback, Joe Henry, Melissa Etheridge, Ramsay Midwood and Garth Brooks. The Wallflowers received a Grammy nomination in 1998 for \"Heroes\" which appeared in the film \"Godzilla\". In late 2000, the band released \"Breach\". The band headlined their own tour for a year but also opened for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, the Who and John Mellencamp. Following this, the Wallflowers released \"Red Letter Days\", touring again during 2002\u20132003. With a new drummer, the band released \"Rebel, Sweetheart\", their fifth album, on May 24, 2005.", "Vive le beau mai, le mois de la girofl\u00e9e! </poem><poem > I have a pretty laurel, a pretty, French laurel. Who would like my laurel? Whom shall I give it to? \"I prefer  \"a bouquet of wallflowers \"a bouquet of freshly-cut wallflowers.\" Is that orange blossom? I have only a beautiful laurel. I have no wallflowers. \"A bouquet of wallflowers \"covered in dew.\" And it is the laurel that I want to give you. Take my beautiful laurel. \"Ah! Ah! Ah! Ah!\" \"Ah! Give me a fine bouquet!\" Alas, I have no wallflowers. My pretty laurel, Would you like a necklace of nasturtiums? A pretty necklace that I have covered with kisses? \"If you give me  \"the bouquet I ask for \"I will see if I  \"can marry you \" It is at St Matthew's \"that we will be married, \"if you give me  \"the bouquet of wallflowers.\" And if I give you a bouquet \u2013 a bouquet of wallflowers do you promise me you will kiss me on the cheek? \"I will give you \"what you ask me, \"then at St Matthew's \"we will be married. \" It's at Saint Matthew's that we will marry, give me that wallflowers for our marriage. Long live beautiful May, the month of the wallflower! </poem> In the second of the two choral sections for female and male voices the men woo the women offering laurels as a present; the women insist on bouquets of wallflowers before they will accept the men. The movement is marked \"moderato non troppo\".", "In 2011, Dylan was featured on several film and television soundtracks, including \"A Little Help\", for which he wrote three songs, and \"True Blood: Vol.3\", for which he wrote a song with Gary Louris called \"Gonna Be a Darkness. \" Dylan was also featured on the 2011 album, \"The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams\"; an album featuring various artists covering previously \"lost\" lyrics by Hank Williams. In August 2011, Dylan and Wallflowers keyboardist Rami Jaffee performed at the Farm Aid benefit concert in Kansas City. On November 1, 2011 it was announced that the Wallflowers would be reuniting to release a sixth studio album the following year. The Wallflowers had toured on and off during their hiatus but had not made an album together since 2005's \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". The Wallflowers recorded their sixth studio album, \"Glad All Over\" in Nashville, Tennessee in early 2012. Shortly before entering the studio, the band replaced drummer Fred Eltringham with Jack Irons. The writing process was different for this album than previous Wallflowers albums; instead of Dylan bringing in completed songs, he brought only lyrics to the studio and as a band, they wrote the music for the songs. The Wallflowers toured throughout the summer and fall of 2012. \"Glad All Over\" was released on October 9, 2012 on Columbia Records. In the spring of 2013, the Wallflowers did an arena tour opening for Eric Clapton. In 2013 the Wallflowers went through a number of personnel changes, beginning with longtime keyboard player Rami Jaffee. Jaffee played his last show with the Wallflowers to date in 2013 but has since not officially announced that he quit the band.", "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz.", "Due to the absence of a lead guitarist during the recording for \"Red Letter Days\", Dylan took on more lead guitar duties than he had previously. \" Red Letter Days\" was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller and Bill Appleberry. Following the release of the album's first single, \"When You're On Top\" on August 16, 2002, \"Red Letter Days\" was released on November 5, 2002. Following tours in the U.S. and Europe, drummer Mario Calire announced he was leaving the Wallflowers in 2003. The Wallflowers returned to the studio in July 2004 to record their fifth album, \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". Instead of recording in Los Angeles, the Wallflowers instead opted to record in Atlanta, Georgia; which was where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, was based. To replace drummer Mario Calire, Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers just before getting into the studio. In addition to writing the songs, Dylan also painted the cover art for this album. \"Rebel, Sweetheart\" was released on May 24, 2005. The Wallflowers toured through the summer of 2005, joined by guitarist Stuart Mathis, on what would be their last tour for 2 years. After 2005, the Wallflowers parted ways with their longtime record label, Interscope Records. Beginning in 2006, Dylan began playing shows without the Wallflowers, though he did tour with the band on numerous occasions between 2007 and 2009. In May and June 2006, Dylan toured with former Wallflowers producer T Bone Burnett, performing solo acoustic opening sets. In fall of that year, Dylan's song \"Here Comes Now\" was featured as the theme song for an ABC drama, \"Six Degrees\". Also in the fall of 2006, it was announced that Dylan had signed a solo recording contract with Columbia Records."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rebel by The Wallflowers?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9280dc959f84f77b62766b14869c704_0_q#2", "question": "was the album successful?", "rewrite": "Was Rebel, Sweetheart by The Wallflowers successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Other labels were not interested in signing the band, and Jaffee filled his time by playing gigs with El Vez as well as taking more session work. He kept his interest in the Wallflowers, saying later, \"I believe in these songs, and I'm here for the duration because no one is writing songs like these anymore, songs that have room for a Hammond organ and me.\" The Wallflowers signed to Interscope Records in 1994. While working with T Bone Burnett, who was producing the band's next album, Jaffee was frequently called in as a session musician for producers Paul Fox, Matt Hyde and Rick Neigher. Because of this, in 1996 he was credited on albums by Rickie Lee Jones, the Hookers, Leah Andreone and Chalk FarM. At the same time, the Wallflowers released their second album, \"Bringing Down the Horse\", which went quadruple Platinum. The band toured in support of the album, but in 1997, Jaffee and his wife had a daughter, and he left the tour to be with his family for two months. That same year, he performed session work with Everclear, Grant Lee Buffalo, Richie Sambora, Macy Gray, Jeremy Toback, Joe Henry, Melissa Etheridge, Ramsay Midwood and Garth Brooks. The Wallflowers received a Grammy nomination in 1998 for \"Heroes\" which appeared in the film \"Godzilla\". In late 2000, the band released \"Breach\". The band headlined their own tour for a year but also opened for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, the Who and John Mellencamp. Following this, the Wallflowers released \"Red Letter Days\", touring again during 2002\u20132003. With a new drummer, the band released \"Rebel, Sweetheart\", their fifth album, on May 24, 2005.", "In 2011, Dylan was featured on several film and television soundtracks, including \"A Little Help\", for which he wrote three songs, and \"True Blood: Vol.3\", for which he wrote a song with Gary Louris called \"Gonna Be a Darkness. \" Dylan was also featured on the 2011 album, \"The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams\"; an album featuring various artists covering previously \"lost\" lyrics by Hank Williams. In August 2011, Dylan and Wallflowers keyboardist Rami Jaffee performed at the Farm Aid benefit concert in Kansas City. On November 1, 2011 it was announced that the Wallflowers would be reuniting to release a sixth studio album the following year. The Wallflowers had toured on and off during their hiatus but had not made an album together since 2005's \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". The Wallflowers recorded their sixth studio album, \"Glad All Over\" in Nashville, Tennessee in early 2012. Shortly before entering the studio, the band replaced drummer Fred Eltringham with Jack Irons. The writing process was different for this album than previous Wallflowers albums; instead of Dylan bringing in completed songs, he brought only lyrics to the studio and as a band, they wrote the music for the songs. The Wallflowers toured throughout the summer and fall of 2012. \"Glad All Over\" was released on October 9, 2012 on Columbia Records. In the spring of 2013, the Wallflowers did an arena tour opening for Eric Clapton. In 2013 the Wallflowers went through a number of personnel changes, beginning with longtime keyboard player Rami Jaffee. Jaffee played his last show with the Wallflowers to date in 2013 but has since not officially announced that he quit the band.", "Due to the absence of a lead guitarist during the recording for \"Red Letter Days\", Dylan took on more lead guitar duties than he had previously. \" Red Letter Days\" was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller and Bill Appleberry. Following the release of the album's first single, \"When You're On Top\" on August 16, 2002, \"Red Letter Days\" was released on November 5, 2002. Following tours in the U.S. and Europe, drummer Mario Calire announced he was leaving the Wallflowers in 2003. The Wallflowers returned to the studio in July 2004 to record their fifth album, \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". Instead of recording in Los Angeles, the Wallflowers instead opted to record in Atlanta, Georgia; which was where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, was based. To replace drummer Mario Calire, Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers just before getting into the studio. In addition to writing the songs, Dylan also painted the cover art for this album. \"Rebel, Sweetheart\" was released on May 24, 2005. The Wallflowers toured through the summer of 2005, joined by guitarist Stuart Mathis, on what would be their last tour for 2 years. After 2005, the Wallflowers parted ways with their longtime record label, Interscope Records. Beginning in 2006, Dylan began playing shows without the Wallflowers, though he did tour with the band on numerous occasions between 2007 and 2009. In May and June 2006, Dylan toured with former Wallflowers producer T Bone Burnett, performing solo acoustic opening sets. In fall of that year, Dylan's song \"Here Comes Now\" was featured as the theme song for an ABC drama, \"Six Degrees\". Also in the fall of 2006, it was announced that Dylan had signed a solo recording contract with Columbia Records.", "Vive le beau mai, le mois de la girofl\u00e9e! </poem><poem > I have a pretty laurel, a pretty, French laurel. Who would like my laurel? Whom shall I give it to? \"I prefer  \"a bouquet of wallflowers \"a bouquet of freshly-cut wallflowers.\" Is that orange blossom? I have only a beautiful laurel. I have no wallflowers. \"A bouquet of wallflowers \"covered in dew.\" And it is the laurel that I want to give you. Take my beautiful laurel. \"Ah! Ah! Ah! Ah!\" \"Ah! Give me a fine bouquet!\" Alas, I have no wallflowers. My pretty laurel, Would you like a necklace of nasturtiums? A pretty necklace that I have covered with kisses? \"If you give me  \"the bouquet I ask for \"I will see if I  \"can marry you \" It is at St Matthew's \"that we will be married, \"if you give me  \"the bouquet of wallflowers.\" And if I give you a bouquet \u2013 a bouquet of wallflowers do you promise me you will kiss me on the cheek? \"I will give you \"what you ask me, \"then at St Matthew's \"we will be married. \" It's at Saint Matthew's that we will marry, give me that wallflowers for our marriage. Long live beautiful May, the month of the wallflower! </poem> In the second of the two choral sections for female and male voices the men woo the women offering laurels as a present; the women insist on bouquets of wallflowers before they will accept the men. The movement is marked \"moderato non troppo\".", "In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: \"What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.\" Dylan painted the album's cover art himself. On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song \"Lawyers, Guns and Money.\" In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed \"Lawyers, Guns and Money\" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004. On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops. Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, \"The Beautiful Side of Somewhere\", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was \"God Says Nothing Back\". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on DualDisc. On one side was the album, and on the other was a DVD that included exclusive performances and arrangements of some of the band's songs, as well as an interview with comedian Jon Lovitz."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rebel by The Wallflowers?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9280dc959f84f77b62766b14869c704_0_q#3", "question": "Did they go on tour?", "rewrite": "Did The Wallflowers go on tour from 2004-2005?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Dylan subsequently dropped out in his first semester and moved back to Los Angeles to pursue music. Upon moving back to Los Angeles, Dylan and childhood friend Tobi Miller formed a new band called The Apples around 1989, along with Luther Russell on bass guitar and Aaron A. Brooks on drums. Both Russell and Brooks departed to start their own respective bands. Dylan and Miller then recruited Barrie Maguire on bass, Peter Yanowitz on drums, and Rami Jaffee on keyboards to fill out the new band. The Apples changed their name to the Wallflowers and began playing clubs in Los Angeles. They were eventually signed to Virgin Records. In 1991, the Wallflowers began recording their debut album. Dylan wrote the songs and the album was recorded live in the studio with minimal to no-overdubbing. The Wallflowers' eponymous debut was released on August 25, 1992. The album was met with mostly positive reviews but did not do well commercially, with a reported 40,000 copies sold. Despite low sales, the Wallflowers began touring nationwide, mostly as an opening act for several bands including the Spin Doctors and 10,000 Maniacs. Upon return from a tour in 1993, the band learned that management at Virgin had shifted, leading to the removal of Jeff Ayeroff and Jordan Harris, who had signed the Wallflowers to the label. The new executives at Virgin were not pleased with the Wallflowers' slow sales and the band did not feel they had a future with the label, so they asked to be released from their contract; Virgin complied and by the end of the year, the Wallflowers were left without a label. The band went back to playing clubs in Los Angeles and looking for a new label. During this time, the band went through a number of personnel changes. In 1993, Maguire was asked to leave for undisclosed reasons.", "After touring for nearly two years, the Wallflowers took a short break before returning to the studio to record their third album, \"(Breach)\". Dylan approached the songwriting process differently this time than he had for the Wallflowers' two previous albums, explaining that he didn't want to avoid the subject of his personal life, as he had done in the past: \"\" (Breach)\" was the first record that I realized that it's necessary and I have a right to write about anything that I want to write about. I'm not going to dance around these subjects anymore ... I don't have any interest in writing songs that are defensive or that address anything that don't come naturally to me but I also realized that I needed to stop this nonsense of pretending that hiding any of this information counts to anybody; it just doesn't really matter anymore.\" The Wallflowers entered the studio towards the end of 1999 with producers Michael Penn and Andrew Slater, the Wallflowers' manager. \" (Breach)\" took about eight months to record and was released on October 10, 2000. The Wallflowers embarked on a tour that lasted through the end of 2000 and into 2001, making stops in Japan and Madison Square Garden in New York for a four-night run, opening for the Who. In October 2000, Dylan was featured on the cover of \"Rolling Stone\" for a second time. In October 2001, guitarist Michael Ward announced he was leaving the Wallflowers, citing creative differences. Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, \"Red Letter Days\" in 2001. The band recorded demos while on tour with John Mellencamp that year before getting into the studio in Santa Monica, California.", "In 2011, Dylan was featured on several film and television soundtracks, including \"A Little Help\", for which he wrote three songs, and \"True Blood: Vol.3\", for which he wrote a song with Gary Louris called \"Gonna Be a Darkness. \" Dylan was also featured on the 2011 album, \"The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams\"; an album featuring various artists covering previously \"lost\" lyrics by Hank Williams. In August 2011, Dylan and Wallflowers keyboardist Rami Jaffee performed at the Farm Aid benefit concert in Kansas City. On November 1, 2011 it was announced that the Wallflowers would be reuniting to release a sixth studio album the following year. The Wallflowers had toured on and off during their hiatus but had not made an album together since 2005's \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". The Wallflowers recorded their sixth studio album, \"Glad All Over\" in Nashville, Tennessee in early 2012. Shortly before entering the studio, the band replaced drummer Fred Eltringham with Jack Irons. The writing process was different for this album than previous Wallflowers albums; instead of Dylan bringing in completed songs, he brought only lyrics to the studio and as a band, they wrote the music for the songs. The Wallflowers toured throughout the summer and fall of 2012. \"Glad All Over\" was released on October 9, 2012 on Columbia Records. In the spring of 2013, the Wallflowers did an arena tour opening for Eric Clapton. In 2013 the Wallflowers went through a number of personnel changes, beginning with longtime keyboard player Rami Jaffee. Jaffee played his last show with the Wallflowers to date in 2013 but has since not officially announced that he quit the band.", "Vive le beau mai, le mois de la girofl\u00e9e! </poem><poem > I have a pretty laurel, a pretty, French laurel. Who would like my laurel? Whom shall I give it to? \"I prefer  \"a bouquet of wallflowers \"a bouquet of freshly-cut wallflowers.\" Is that orange blossom? I have only a beautiful laurel. I have no wallflowers. \"A bouquet of wallflowers \"covered in dew.\" And it is the laurel that I want to give you. Take my beautiful laurel. \"Ah! Ah! Ah! Ah!\" \"Ah! Give me a fine bouquet!\" Alas, I have no wallflowers. My pretty laurel, Would you like a necklace of nasturtiums? A pretty necklace that I have covered with kisses? \"If you give me  \"the bouquet I ask for \"I will see if I  \"can marry you \" It is at St Matthew's \"that we will be married, \"if you give me  \"the bouquet of wallflowers.\" And if I give you a bouquet \u2013 a bouquet of wallflowers do you promise me you will kiss me on the cheek? \"I will give you \"what you ask me, \"then at St Matthew's \"we will be married. \" It's at Saint Matthew's that we will marry, give me that wallflowers for our marriage. Long live beautiful May, the month of the wallflower! </poem> In the second of the two choral sections for female and male voices the men woo the women offering laurels as a present; the women insist on bouquets of wallflowers before they will accept the men. The movement is marked \"moderato non troppo\".", "Due to the absence of a lead guitarist during the recording for \"Red Letter Days\", Dylan took on more lead guitar duties than he had previously. \" Red Letter Days\" was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller and Bill Appleberry. Following the release of the album's first single, \"When You're On Top\" on August 16, 2002, \"Red Letter Days\" was released on November 5, 2002. Following tours in the U.S. and Europe, drummer Mario Calire announced he was leaving the Wallflowers in 2003. The Wallflowers returned to the studio in July 2004 to record their fifth album, \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". Instead of recording in Los Angeles, the Wallflowers instead opted to record in Atlanta, Georgia; which was where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, was based. To replace drummer Mario Calire, Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers just before getting into the studio. In addition to writing the songs, Dylan also painted the cover art for this album. \"Rebel, Sweetheart\" was released on May 24, 2005. The Wallflowers toured through the summer of 2005, joined by guitarist Stuart Mathis, on what would be their last tour for 2 years. After 2005, the Wallflowers parted ways with their longtime record label, Interscope Records. Beginning in 2006, Dylan began playing shows without the Wallflowers, though he did tour with the band on numerous occasions between 2007 and 2009. In May and June 2006, Dylan toured with former Wallflowers producer T Bone Burnett, performing solo acoustic opening sets. In fall of that year, Dylan's song \"Here Comes Now\" was featured as the theme song for an ABC drama, \"Six Degrees\". Also in the fall of 2006, it was announced that Dylan had signed a solo recording contract with Columbia Records."], "answer": {"text": "the band set out on what would be their last tour for two years.", "answer_start": 153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rebel by The Wallflowers?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f9280dc959f84f77b62766b14869c704_0_q#4", "question": "Where did they go on tour?", "rewrite": "Where did The Wallflowers go on tour from 2004-2005?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After touring for nearly two years, the Wallflowers took a short break before returning to the studio to record their third album, \"(Breach)\". Dylan approached the songwriting process differently this time than he had for the Wallflowers' two previous albums, explaining that he didn't want to avoid the subject of his personal life, as he had done in the past: \"\" (Breach)\" was the first record that I realized that it's necessary and I have a right to write about anything that I want to write about. I'm not going to dance around these subjects anymore ... I don't have any interest in writing songs that are defensive or that address anything that don't come naturally to me but I also realized that I needed to stop this nonsense of pretending that hiding any of this information counts to anybody; it just doesn't really matter anymore.\" The Wallflowers entered the studio towards the end of 1999 with producers Michael Penn and Andrew Slater, the Wallflowers' manager. \" (Breach)\" took about eight months to record and was released on October 10, 2000. The Wallflowers embarked on a tour that lasted through the end of 2000 and into 2001, making stops in Japan and Madison Square Garden in New York for a four-night run, opening for the Who. In October 2000, Dylan was featured on the cover of \"Rolling Stone\" for a second time. In October 2001, guitarist Michael Ward announced he was leaving the Wallflowers, citing creative differences. Dylan began writing for the Wallflowers' fourth album, \"Red Letter Days\" in 2001. The band recorded demos while on tour with John Mellencamp that year before getting into the studio in Santa Monica, California.", "Dylan subsequently dropped out in his first semester and moved back to Los Angeles to pursue music. Upon moving back to Los Angeles, Dylan and childhood friend Tobi Miller formed a new band called The Apples around 1989, along with Luther Russell on bass guitar and Aaron A. Brooks on drums. Both Russell and Brooks departed to start their own respective bands. Dylan and Miller then recruited Barrie Maguire on bass, Peter Yanowitz on drums, and Rami Jaffee on keyboards to fill out the new band. The Apples changed their name to the Wallflowers and began playing clubs in Los Angeles. They were eventually signed to Virgin Records. In 1991, the Wallflowers began recording their debut album. Dylan wrote the songs and the album was recorded live in the studio with minimal to no-overdubbing. The Wallflowers' eponymous debut was released on August 25, 1992. The album was met with mostly positive reviews but did not do well commercially, with a reported 40,000 copies sold. Despite low sales, the Wallflowers began touring nationwide, mostly as an opening act for several bands including the Spin Doctors and 10,000 Maniacs. Upon return from a tour in 1993, the band learned that management at Virgin had shifted, leading to the removal of Jeff Ayeroff and Jordan Harris, who had signed the Wallflowers to the label. The new executives at Virgin were not pleased with the Wallflowers' slow sales and the band did not feel they had a future with the label, so they asked to be released from their contract; Virgin complied and by the end of the year, the Wallflowers were left without a label. The band went back to playing clubs in Los Angeles and looking for a new label. During this time, the band went through a number of personnel changes. In 1993, Maguire was asked to leave for undisclosed reasons.", "In 2011, Dylan was featured on several film and television soundtracks, including \"A Little Help\", for which he wrote three songs, and \"True Blood: Vol.3\", for which he wrote a song with Gary Louris called \"Gonna Be a Darkness. \" Dylan was also featured on the 2011 album, \"The Lost Notebooks of Hank Williams\"; an album featuring various artists covering previously \"lost\" lyrics by Hank Williams. In August 2011, Dylan and Wallflowers keyboardist Rami Jaffee performed at the Farm Aid benefit concert in Kansas City. On November 1, 2011 it was announced that the Wallflowers would be reuniting to release a sixth studio album the following year. The Wallflowers had toured on and off during their hiatus but had not made an album together since 2005's \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". The Wallflowers recorded their sixth studio album, \"Glad All Over\" in Nashville, Tennessee in early 2012. Shortly before entering the studio, the band replaced drummer Fred Eltringham with Jack Irons. The writing process was different for this album than previous Wallflowers albums; instead of Dylan bringing in completed songs, he brought only lyrics to the studio and as a band, they wrote the music for the songs. The Wallflowers toured throughout the summer and fall of 2012. \"Glad All Over\" was released on October 9, 2012 on Columbia Records. In the spring of 2013, the Wallflowers did an arena tour opening for Eric Clapton. In 2013 the Wallflowers went through a number of personnel changes, beginning with longtime keyboard player Rami Jaffee. Jaffee played his last show with the Wallflowers to date in 2013 but has since not officially announced that he quit the band.", "Vive le beau mai, le mois de la girofl\u00e9e! </poem><poem > I have a pretty laurel, a pretty, French laurel. Who would like my laurel? Whom shall I give it to? \"I prefer  \"a bouquet of wallflowers \"a bouquet of freshly-cut wallflowers.\" Is that orange blossom? I have only a beautiful laurel. I have no wallflowers. \"A bouquet of wallflowers \"covered in dew.\" And it is the laurel that I want to give you. Take my beautiful laurel. \"Ah! Ah! Ah! Ah!\" \"Ah! Give me a fine bouquet!\" Alas, I have no wallflowers. My pretty laurel, Would you like a necklace of nasturtiums? A pretty necklace that I have covered with kisses? \"If you give me  \"the bouquet I ask for \"I will see if I  \"can marry you \" It is at St Matthew's \"that we will be married, \"if you give me  \"the bouquet of wallflowers.\" And if I give you a bouquet \u2013 a bouquet of wallflowers do you promise me you will kiss me on the cheek? \"I will give you \"what you ask me, \"then at St Matthew's \"we will be married. \" It's at Saint Matthew's that we will marry, give me that wallflowers for our marriage. Long live beautiful May, the month of the wallflower! </poem> In the second of the two choral sections for female and male voices the men woo the women offering laurels as a present; the women insist on bouquets of wallflowers before they will accept the men. The movement is marked \"moderato non troppo\".", "Due to the absence of a lead guitarist during the recording for \"Red Letter Days\", Dylan took on more lead guitar duties than he had previously. \" Red Letter Days\" was produced by founding Wallflowers member Tobi Miller and Bill Appleberry. Following the release of the album's first single, \"When You're On Top\" on August 16, 2002, \"Red Letter Days\" was released on November 5, 2002. Following tours in the U.S. and Europe, drummer Mario Calire announced he was leaving the Wallflowers in 2003. The Wallflowers returned to the studio in July 2004 to record their fifth album, \"Rebel, Sweetheart\". Instead of recording in Los Angeles, the Wallflowers instead opted to record in Atlanta, Georgia; which was where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, was based. To replace drummer Mario Calire, Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers just before getting into the studio. In addition to writing the songs, Dylan also painted the cover art for this album. \"Rebel, Sweetheart\" was released on May 24, 2005. The Wallflowers toured through the summer of 2005, joined by guitarist Stuart Mathis, on what would be their last tour for 2 years. After 2005, the Wallflowers parted ways with their longtime record label, Interscope Records. Beginning in 2006, Dylan began playing shows without the Wallflowers, though he did tour with the band on numerous occasions between 2007 and 2009. In May and June 2006, Dylan toured with former Wallflowers producer T Bone Burnett, performing solo acoustic opening sets. In fall of that year, Dylan's song \"Here Comes Now\" was featured as the theme song for an ABC drama, \"Six Degrees\". Also in the fall of 2006, it was announced that Dylan had signed a solo recording contract with Columbia Records."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Rebel by The Wallflowers?", "answer": {"text": "the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart.", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on this album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "the band set out on what would be their last tour for two years.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#0", "question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "rewrite": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Six Wives of Henry VIII (album) The Six Wives of Henry VIII is the second studio album by English keyboardist Rick Wakeman, released in January 1973 on A&M Records. It is an instrumental progressive rock album with its concept based on his interpretations of the musical characteristics of the wives of Henry VIII. After signing with A&M as a solo artist, Wakeman decided on the album's concept during a tour of the United States as a member of the rock band Yes. As he read a book about the subject on his travels, melodies he had written the previous year came to him and were noted down. Musicians from Yes and from Strawbs, the group Wakeman was in prior to Yes, also play on the album. \"The Six Wives of Henry VIII\" received mostly positive reviews from critics. It reached number 7 on the UK Albums Chart and number 30 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 1975 for over 500,000 copies sold in the United States. In 2009, Wakeman performed the album in its entirety for the first time at Hampton Court Palace as part of the 500th anniversary celebration of Henry's accession to the throne, released as \"The Six Wives of Henry VIII Live at Hampton Court Palace\". The tracks were rearranged with sections, including a track dedicated to Henry himself, that were left off the original album due to the limited time available on a single record. \"The Six Wives of Henry VIII\" was reissued in 2015 with a quadraphonic sound mix and bonus tracks. In August 1971, Rick Wakeman joined the progressive rock band Yes as a replacement for their original keyboardist Tony Kaye. Towards the end of the year, he signed a five-album deal with A&M Records as a solo artist.", "The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection is a triple compilation album by progressive rock band Yes, was released in 2003 in the United Kingdom and in early 2004 in the United States, and covers the length and breadth of the band's thirty-five-year career. Released on Warner Music in the UK as a double CD, the United States edition - on Rhino Records - included a bonus disc of acoustic recordings of old and new material recorded in October 2003. One song from the third disc, \"Show Me,\" is based on a recording from the \"\"Fragile\" days,\" according to Jon Anderson in \"\". Both editions also feature a different track listing and running order. \"The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection\" entered the United Kingdom charts at number ten upon its mid-2003 release, giving Yes their highest charting album there since 1991. The album was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry (for over 100,000 copies sold in the UK). In the United States, it reached only number 131. With a range of material from 1969's \"Yes\" to 2001's \"Magnification\" - and beyond - \"The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection\" supplants earlier non-box set retrospectives such as \"Classic Yes\" and \"Yesstory\". This list is in chronological order by who first joined the band (or when they joined the band for the first time). The later US release included a third disc of new recordings. These included three semi-acoustic band recordings, similar to what the band had been playing live: two versions of old Yes songs (\"Roundabout\" and \"South Side of the Sky\") and one new song by Anderson (\"Show Me\").", "An Evening of Yes Music and More An Evening of Yes Music and More was a worldwide concert tour by the rock band Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin, Rick Wakeman, formed by lead vocalist Jon Anderson, guitarist Trevor Rabin and keyboardist Rick Wakeman, all former members of the English rock band Yes. Launched ten months after the group officially announced their formation, the tour visited theatres, halls, and arenas across North America, Europe and Asia. The name of the tour is a reference to \"An Evening of Yes Music Plus\", a 1989-90 concert tour by ABWH, an older band which also consisted of former Yes members, and of which Anderson and Wakeman were members. The tour is documented on a live album and DVD. The tour began on 4 October 2016 under the name \"Anderson, Rabin and Wakeman\" and ran until the end of summer 2017. The band started using the new name of \"Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman\" on the early 2017 tour leg, and then launched the new name in April to promote the North American summer tour. Additional touring musicians were bassist Lee Pomeroy and drummer Lou Molino III. The tour marked the first time the three former Yes members performed together since Yes' Union Tour of 1991\u20131992. The tour saw two songs dropped from the set after only one show: \"Leaves of Green\" and \"Starship Trooper\". Other songs were steadily added to the set as Rabin's confidence in his voice improved; the song \"Lift Me Up\" was added for the second show on 7 October 2016, and a fan favourite, \"Changes\", was added to the show on 22 October 2016. Yes featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman Additional musicians Special guests In an interview with \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Anderson stated that the band would perform classic", "Beno\u00eet David Beno\u00eet G\u00e9rard Guy David (; born 19 April 1966) is a Canadian singer. He was the lead singer of the band Mystery from 1999 to 2013 but is best known as the lead vocalist in the English progressive rock band Yes from 2008 to 2012, replacing long-time vocalist and founding member Jon Anderson. David had to leave Yes due to ill health. Before joining Yes, David was also the lead vocalist of a Yes tribute band called Close to the Edge. In early September 2008, David was announced as the lead singer of a line-up headed by Steve Howe, Chris Squire and Alan White of Yes for a tour later that year. David came to the attention of Squire through YouTube videos of his work with Close to the Edge. David stood in for Jon Anderson, who was unable to tour because of ill health following acute respiratory failure earlier in the year. The tour was cut short when Squire became ill and David returned to work with Mystery and Close to the Edge. However, David also remained with Yes, touring with the band in 2009 and 2010. In October 2009, it was announced that David had formally joined Yes. Early in 2011, the band finished their next album, titled \"Fly from Here\", with David on lead vocals. David continued for a time as a member of Close to the Edge after joining Yes, but the band went into hiatus after live dates in 2009 given David's commitments to Yes. David and guitarist Phil Charmettant have since left Close to the Edge and new replacements have been brought in. In an interview with Noise 11 magazine in January 2012, Chris Squire confirmed that David had officially left Yes, due to a respiratory illness. He had been suffering from respiratory failure and could not continue on for the Australia tour in April 2012. In a press release, David revealed he found out only from a band member's interview that he \"had officially left", "Fish Out of Water (Chris Squire album) Fish Out of Water is the first studio album from the English bassist, singer and songwriter Chris Squire, released in November 1975 on Atlantic Records. The album was recorded during a period of inactivity by his progressive rock band Yes following the band's agreement that each member produce a solo album. Squire hired additional musicians to play on his, including Bill Bruford, Patrick Moraz, Mel Collins, his childhood friend Andrew Pryce Jackman, and an orchestra. \"Fish Out of Water\" was a moderate commercial success upon its release, reaching number 25 in the UK and number 69 in the U.S. Despite the album being well received by music critics, Squire would not release another solo album until \"Chris Squire's Swiss Choir\" (2007). In August 1975, the progressive rock band Yes ended their tour in support of \"Relayer\" (1974) and began a nine-month period of inactivity after they agreed to take time off for each member to produce a solo album. When the time was right for Squire to start work on his, he collaborated with Andrew Pryce Jackman, a childhood friend and former keyboardist and songwriter in their 1960s rock band The Syn, who assisted with the album's concept and arrangement of the music. Over the course of sketching out the album Jackman also contributed some ideas to its composition. Because of this, Squire offered to give him some co-writing credits, but Jackman declined. \"Fish Out of Water\" was recorded in the spring and summer of 1975 in two studios: New Pipers, Chris Squire's home studio, Surrey, and Morgan Studios in London. The title refers to his nickname \"Fish\", and being \"... Out of Water\" due to being away from the Yes context."], "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#1", "question": "Did magnification do well on the charts?", "rewrite": "Did Yes' album magnification do well on the charts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some stereo microscopes are also capable of transmitted light illumination as well, typically by having a bulb or mirror beneath a transparent stage underneath the object, though unlike a compound microscope, transmitted illumination is not focused through a condenser in most systems. Stereoscopes with specially-equipped illuminators can be used for dark field microscopy, using either reflected or transmitted light. Great working distance and depth of field are important qualities for this type of microscope. Both qualities are inversely correlated with resolution: the higher the resolution (\"i.e.\" the greater the distance at which two adjacent points can be distinguished as separate), the smaller the depth of field and working distance. Some stereo microscopes can deliver a useful magnification up to 100\u00d7, comparable to a 10\u00d7 objective and 10\u00d7 eyepiece in a normal compound microscope, although the magnification is often much lower. This is around one tenth the useful resolution of a normal compound optical microscope. The large working distance at low magnification is useful in examining large solid objects such as fracture surfaces, especially using fibre-optic illumination as discussed below. Such samples can also be manipulated easily so as to determine the points of interest. There are severe limitations on sample size in scanning electron microscopy, as well as ease of manipulation in the specimen chamber. There are two major types of magnification systems in stereo microscopes. One type is fixed magnification in which primary magnification is achieved by a paired set of objective lenses with a set degree of magnification. The other is zoom or pancratic magnification, which are capable of a continuously variable degree of magnification across a set range. Zoom systems can achieve further magnification through the use of auxiliary objectives that increase total magnification by a set factor.", "It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see. Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called \"empty magnification\". To get the most detail out of a telescope, it is critical to choose the right magnification for the object being observed. Some objects appear best at low power, some at high power, and many at a moderate magnification. There are two values for magnification, a minimum and maximum. A wider field of view eyepiece may be used to keep the same eyepiece focal length whilst providing the same magnification through the telescope. For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction. The visual magnification formula_33 of the field of view through a telescope can be determined by the telescopes focal length formula_24 divided by the eyepiece focal length formula_35 (or diameter). The maximum is limited by the focal length of the eyepiece. An example of visual magnification using a telescope with a 1200 mm focal length and 3 mm eyepiece is given by: formula_36  There is a lowest usable magnification on a telescope. The increase in brightness with reduced magnification has a limit related to something called the exit pupil. The exit pupil is the cylinder of light coming out of the eyepiece, hence the lower the magnification, the larger the exit pupil. The minimum formula_37 can be calculated by dividing the telescope aperture formula_2 over the exit pupil diameter formula_39. Decreasing the magnification past this limit cannot increase brightness, at this limit there is no benefit for decreased magnification. Likewise calculating the exit pupil formula_39 is a division of the aperture diameter formula_2 and the visual magnification formula_33 used.", "Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called \"empty magnification\". For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction. In practice it is considered to be 2\u00d7 the aperture in millimetres or 50\u00d7 the aperture in inches; so, a 60mm diameter telescope has a maximum usable magnification of 120\u00d7.  With an optical microscope having a high numerical aperture and using oil immersion, the best possible resolution is 200 nm corresponding to a magnification of around 1200\u00d7. Without oil immersion, the maximum usable magnification is around 800\u00d7. For details, see limitations of optical microscopes. Small, cheap telescopes and microscopes are sometimes supplied with the eyepieces that give magnification far higher than is usable. Magnification figures on printed pictures can be misleading. Editors of journals and magazines routinely resize images to fit the page, making any magnification number provided in the figure legend incorrect. A scale bar (or micron bar) is a bar of stated length superimposed on a picture. This bar can be used to make accurate measurements on a picture. When a picture is resized the bar will be resized in proportion. If a picture has a scale bar, the actual magnification can easily be calculated. Where the scale (magnification) of an image is important or relevant, including a scale bar is preferable to stating magnification.", "In 2001, Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification. Recorded without a keyboardist, the album features a 60-piece orchestra conducted by Larry Groupe; the first time the band used an orchestra since Time and a Word in 1970. The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US. The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001 and had the band performing on stage with an orchestra and American keyboardist Tom Brislin. Their two shows in Amsterdam were recorded for their 2002 DVD and 2009 CD release Symphonic Live. The band invited Wakeman to play with them for the filming, but he was on a solo tour at the time. Following Wakeman's announcement of his return in April 2002, Yes embarked on their Full Circle Tour in 2002-2003 that included their first performances in Australia since 1973. The triple compilation album The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection was released in July 2003, reaching number 10 in the UK charts, their highest-charting album since 1991, and number 131 in the US. On 26 January 2004, the film Yesspeak premiered in a number of select theatres, followed by a closed-circuit live acoustic performance of the group that was released as Yes Acoustic: Guaranteed No Hiss later on. A 35th anniversary tour followed in 2004 which was documented on the live DVD Songs from Tsongas. In 2004, Squire, Howe, and White reunited for one night only with former members Trevor Horn, Trevor Rabin and Geoff Downes during a show celebrating Horn's career, performing three Yes songs. The show video was released in DVD in 2008 under the name Trevor Horn and Friends: Slaves to the Rhythm. On 18 March 2003 minor planet (7707) Yes was named in honour of the band.", "where formula_21 is the magnification of the objective and formula_22 the magnification of the eyepiece. The magnification of the objective depends on its focal length formula_15 and on the distance formula_24 between objective back focal plane and the focal plane of the eyepiece (called the tube length): formula_25 The magnification of the eyepiece depends upon its focal length formula_16 and is calculated by the same equation as that of a magnifying glass (above). Note that both astronomical telescopes as well as simple microscopes produce an inverted image, thus the equation for the magnification of a telescope or microscope is often given with a minus sign. Measuring the actual angular magnification of a telescope is difficult, but it is possible to use the reciprocal relationship between the linear magnification and the angular magnification, since the linear magnification is constant for all objects. The telescope is focused correctly for viewing objects at the distance for which the angular magnification is to be determined and then the object glass is used as an object the image of which is known as the exit pupil. The diameter of this may be measured using an instrument known as a Ramsden dynameter which consists of a Ramsden eyepiece with micrometer hairs in the back focal plane. This is mounted in front of the telescope eyepiece and used to evaluate the diameter of the exit pupil. This will be much smaller than the object glass diameter, which gives the linear magnification (actually a reduction), the angular magnification can be determined from  With any telescope or microscope, or a lens a maximum magnification exists beyond which the image looks bigger but shows no more detail. It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see."], "answer": {"text": "The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.", "answer_start": 239}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#2", "question": "Where any of its singles a success?", "rewrite": "Where any of Yes's singles a success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yes Stars HD Yes Stars HD (styled as yes stars HD) is an Israeli high definition television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider \"yes\", which broadcasts American television shows. The channel aired on March 25, 2008 and part of it simulcasted with yes stars 1 and yes stars 2 on selected shows. The rest of the broadcasts are of shows previously broadcast only in standard definition, but now also in HD. The channel aired as part of \"yes\" re-branding the television shows' channels on March 14, 2008 and now the yes stars group of channels is formed from \"yes stars 1\", \"yes stars 2\", \"yes stars 3\", \"yes stars Israeli\" and \"yes stars HD\". On December 14, 2008, as part of a new re-brand of \"yes\" television shows channels, yes stars HD obtained a new logo and now simulcast shows from \"yes stars Action\", \"yes stars Drama\" and \"yes stars Comedy\". The channel aired on channel 501 until April 6, 2009, then the channel moved to channel 994 and on the end of the broadcast day of April 21, 2009 it was cancelled. As of April 22, 2009, there are two HD shows channels : yes stars Drama HD on channel 993 and yes stars Action HD on channel 994.", "On March 3, 2007 yesSTARS has been cancelled. On March 4, 2007, the channel became \"yes stars 2\". As part of the television shows channels re-brand on \"yes\", yesSTARS expanded to 3 channels on March 4, 2007: The three channels carried the slogan - \"\"To Fall in Love, to Get Devoted, to Get Addicted\"\". On March 14, 2008, \"yes\" replaced the logos of \"yes stars 1\", \"yes stars 2\" and \"yes stars 3\". In addition, the Israeli movies and television shows channel \"yesIsraeli\" became \"yes stars Israeli\" and moved to channel 15. On March 25, 2008 the HD version of \"yes stars\" - \"yes stars HD\" aired. The channel airs selected shows from the yes stars channels in high definition. On December 14, 2008 \"yes\" re-branded the channels again, and \"yes stars 1\", \"yes stars 2\" and \"yes stars 3\" has been canceled. As of December 14, 2008 - yes changed the channels to be consisted of five as follows: As of January 17, 2010 - yes changed the channels to be consisted of five channels as follows ( As of August 20, 2010, the word \"stars\" was removed from the channels' name): The channel \" yes stars Israeli\" was canceled on January 16, 2010 and replaced with \"yes stars Next\". as of January 15, 2011 - consists of five channels as follows. ,   On July 2, 2011 yes SCI FI changed to Yes Real broadcast reality shows. \"yes\" TV Shows Channels air shows in 4 formats: In order to watch widescreen (16:9) shows on a 4:3 TV, there are 3 options to see the picture: Choosing the format of the picture is in the digital set-top box setup.", "Yes Yes Yes (horse) Yes Yes Yes (foaled 26 September 2016) is an Australian thoroughbred racehorse. He has won The Everest, and over seven million dollars. Yes Yes Yes was purchased by Darren Weir Racing/John Foote Bloodstock for $200,000 at the Magic Millions yearling sale. Yes Yes Yes made his debut at Moonee Valley on 1 December 2018, where he \"ran on well\" for a second. A fortnight later, he won his first race. After settling near the rear of the field, he \"came through powerfully between horses inside the final 200m\". Trainer Weir was then considering entering the Magic Millions Classic, saying, \"He's got the right attitude and he's got the ability. It's a good prize money race so if he's holding together it would certainly be something to think about. \" He was then spelled instead. In February 2019, trainer Darren Weir was banned for four years for the use of taser-like devices on his horses to improve performance. Yes Yes Yes was transferred to trainer Chris Waller. After a trial in February 2019, Yes Yes Yes resumed in the Group 2 Todman Stakes in March. Running last at the final bend, he won the race by half a length. Waller said, \"\"It's good to be able to take over a horse like this with prize money in the bank for the Slipper. Was good for my team to get familiar with the horse. We've had him for a number of weeks now, we picked out this race and full credit to the team where he has come from, they'd done a good job educating him well.\" As expected, Yes Yes Yes went on to the Golden Slipper, finishing seventh on a heavy track. After a long spell, Yes Yes Yes had two trials in August.", "Yes TV Shows Channels Carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \" yes\", yes TV Shows Channels (formerly stylized as yes stars) is an Israeli group of television channels which broadcasts American, British and Israeli television shows. As of April 5, 2016, it consists of four channels:   \"yes Drama\" and \"yes Action\" air new episodes of shows in the weeknights (Sundays - Thursdays). \"yes Comedy\" airs new episodes of shows in the weekends (Fridays and Saturdays). \"yes Oh\" airs new episodes on weeknights. The channel \"yes Real\" was canceled on January 16, 2012 and replaced with \"yes Oh\". On November 4, 2015, yes Base was discontinued. In 2003, \"yes\" aired a channel called Summer Nights, that featured shows in the nights of the summer of 2003. The channel was cancelled at the end of the summer. In the summer 2004, \"yes\" decided to air a channel called \"yesREAL\", with reality shows, such as Survivor and The Amazing Race. Due to the success of the channel, \"yes\" ran this channel again. \"yes\" returned to air the past channel under its new name yes stars real on July 13, 2008. The channel aired 13 reality and life style shows 24/7 and the shows aired in the same method of the regular stars channels with new episodes on weeknights (Sundays - Thursdays) and re-runs at the rest of the time. The channel went off air at the end of the broadcast day of September 13, 2008. On May 26, 2009 \"yes\" announced the return of the reality shows channel - \"yes stars Real\" - on July 5, 2009 on channel 20.", "Yes Oh Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX at Midnights. The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14. On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres. The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics. The channel began airing on January 17, 2010 on channel 15 - as part of the latest television shows' channels re-brand by \"yes\". \" yes Next\" also aired shows which were available in HD in High Definition simulcast on yes Next HD. On January 15, 2011, yes Next went off-air and was replaced by yes SCI FI. yes SCI FI will air all of its schedule in high definition simulcast on yes SCI FI HD. On January 15, 2011 \"yes Next\" replaced by \"yes SCI FI\", which broadcasts American and British TV Shows of the Science Fiction and Thrillers genres. The channel airs the shows' new episodes on weeknights (Sundays - Thursdays) and on Saturday, and its re-runs on weekdays and weekends (Fridays - Saturdays). On July 3, 2011 \"yes SCI FI\" was replaced by \"yes Real\", which broadcasts American and British TV Shows of the Reality Television genres. The channel airs the shows' new episodes on weeknights (Sundays - Thursdays) and on Saturday, and its re-runs on weekdays and weekends (Fridays - Saturdays). On January 16, 2012 yes"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did magnification do well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#3", "question": "Did they tour with the Magnification album?", "rewrite": "Did Yes tour with the Magnification album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see. Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called \"empty magnification\". To get the most detail out of a telescope, it is critical to choose the right magnification for the object being observed. Some objects appear best at low power, some at high power, and many at a moderate magnification. There are two values for magnification, a minimum and maximum. A wider field of view eyepiece may be used to keep the same eyepiece focal length whilst providing the same magnification through the telescope. For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction. The visual magnification formula_33 of the field of view through a telescope can be determined by the telescopes focal length formula_24 divided by the eyepiece focal length formula_35 (or diameter). The maximum is limited by the focal length of the eyepiece. An example of visual magnification using a telescope with a 1200 mm focal length and 3 mm eyepiece is given by: formula_36  There is a lowest usable magnification on a telescope. The increase in brightness with reduced magnification has a limit related to something called the exit pupil. The exit pupil is the cylinder of light coming out of the eyepiece, hence the lower the magnification, the larger the exit pupil. The minimum formula_37 can be calculated by dividing the telescope aperture formula_2 over the exit pupil diameter formula_39. Decreasing the magnification past this limit cannot increase brightness, at this limit there is no benefit for decreased magnification. Likewise calculating the exit pupil formula_39 is a division of the aperture diameter formula_2 and the visual magnification formula_33 used.", "Asia opened with a 55-minute show, while Yes closed with a 1-hour and 50 minute set. Asia's set included only \"An Extraordinary Life\" from \"Phoenix\", the rest of the songs coming from the first two albums plus one cover each from The Buggles (\"Video Killed the Radio Star\" with Wetton on lead vocals and Downes on vocoder), King Crimson (\"The Court of the Crimson King\", which was recorded by the original incarnation of that band with Greg Lake on lead vocals) and Emerson, Lake & Palmer (\"Fanfare for the Common Man\"). Yes songs were omitted from this tour's setlist, though Asia also covered \"Roundabout\" on earlier legs of the \"Four Original Members\" tour. Contrary to some early expectations, Downes did not perform with Yes, although their set list included two songs from the 1980 album \"Drama\", which featured Downes on keys. A series of shows late in the tour featured a special appearance by Ian McDonald (flute and vocals on \"The Court Of The Crimson King\", which he co-wrote, and backing vocals on \"Heat Of The Moment\"). In late 2009, the band began working on their follow-up CD to \"Phoenix\". According to Wetton's website in late November 2009: \"Good news is that the new album is starting to leap, rather than creep (or sleep) in terms of progress. This week I have two completed lead vocals, with complete harmony/chorus voxes on three. It's just me, Geoff [Downes], Steve R[ispin], and Mike Paxman in the studio--- Carl [Palmer] is pretty much all done, Steve H[owe] is half done, and returns to the fold after Yes tour. It sounds absolutely wonderful\".", "A new two-disc Special Edition of the album was released in June 2002 in the United Kingdom with alternate artwork, the second disc being a HDCD CD-ROM containing further live tracks, the promotional video to \"Don't Go\", a live performance of \"The Gates of Delirium\" from the Yessymphonic Tour, and an interview with Anderson. In the United States, a version on DVD-Audio with a 5.1 surround sound mix was released by Rhino Records on 30 July 2002, containing extended sleeve notes and bonus audio and video content. \" Magnification\" was included in the Yes compilation album \" Essentially Yes\" (2006). Yes supported \"Magnification\" with their Yessymphonic Tour of North America and Europe between July and December 2001 with the band accompanied by an orchestra for each show. The tour marked the band's first ever concerts in Russia. Time was limited, leaving preparations with the live orchestra to begin while the album was still being mixed. The North American leg featured a different orchestra at each concert, while the European leg had the European Festival Orchestra, formed of young musicians, touring with the band with conductor Wilhelm Keitel. The first several gigs of the tour featured Groupe as conductor. To play the necessary keyboard passages in the setlist, the band hired American keyboardist Tom Brislin. \"Magnification\", \"Don't Go\", and \"In the Presence Of\" were performed live, the latter receiving a particularly welcoming response from audiences; to Howe, \"like a classic Yes number\". The two shows at Heineken Music Hall in Amsterdam were recorded which was released as the 2002 DVD and 2009 CD \"Symphonic Live\", the video directed by Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis.", "The album sold 750,000 copies. On 31 May 1989, weeks before the release of their album and tour, the group were subject to a suit filed by Yes that wished to prevent Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe from mentioning the name \"Yes\" in their promotional material, suggesting or calling attention to Yes music, which they argued may cause \"confusion in the minds of the public over which group is the real Yes\", and prohibiting Anderson from speaking of his former membership in Yes. The suit was based on a separation agreement entered into by each past and present member of Yes in May 1984 that specified who was entitled to use the Yes name; any \"withdrawing partner\" from the group could no longer use the name or mention they were in the band before, after a specified date. Yes argued that Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe had \"wrongfully converted\" the Yes name in an advertisement for \"Los Angeles Times\" that promoted their upcoming concert as \"an evening of Yes music plus\". Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe filed a response on 5 June; their attorneys called Yes's suit \"an outrageous attempt ... to stop the media and public from comparing ABWH's new recording with theirs\". According to former Yes tour co-ordinator Jim Halley, \"the European promoters began splashing the name Yes all over the posters ... in the end they came to an accommodation\". Anderson stressed, \"\"we\" never said we were Yes. It was the record company!\" When Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe toured, they titled their shows \"An Evening of Yes Music Plus\". Rehearsals took place at Nomis Studios in London. ABWH and Yes produced a Yes album titled \"Union\". The album included recordings originally intended for separate albums by both groups.", "Live in Philadelphia ( Yes video) Yes : Live in Philadelphia is the video release of a concert by the progressive rock group Yes recorded live at the Philadelphia Spectrum on June 21, 1979. The concert is performed \"in the round\" with a rotating stage in the centre of the venue. The concert was part of the summer leg of their 1978\u20131979 tour to support the album \"Tormato\". It would be the last Yes tour to feature founding vocalist Jon Anderson until the band's 1983 reformation, and the final tour to feature keyboardist Rick Wakeman until the 1991 \"Union\" tour. The visual and sound quality are poor compared to modern video releases, but this represents one of the few visual recordings of the band from this period."], "answer": {"text": "The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001", "answer_start": 334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did magnification do well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where any of its singles a success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#4", "question": "Who were the members of the group at the time of Magnification?", "rewrite": "Who were the members of the group Yes at the time of Magnification?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["where formula_21 is the magnification of the objective and formula_22 the magnification of the eyepiece. The magnification of the objective depends on its focal length formula_15 and on the distance formula_24 between objective back focal plane and the focal plane of the eyepiece (called the tube length): formula_25 The magnification of the eyepiece depends upon its focal length formula_16 and is calculated by the same equation as that of a magnifying glass (above). Note that both astronomical telescopes as well as simple microscopes produce an inverted image, thus the equation for the magnification of a telescope or microscope is often given with a minus sign. Measuring the actual angular magnification of a telescope is difficult, but it is possible to use the reciprocal relationship between the linear magnification and the angular magnification, since the linear magnification is constant for all objects. The telescope is focused correctly for viewing objects at the distance for which the angular magnification is to be determined and then the object glass is used as an object the image of which is known as the exit pupil. The diameter of this may be measured using an instrument known as a Ramsden dynameter which consists of a Ramsden eyepiece with micrometer hairs in the back focal plane. This is mounted in front of the telescope eyepiece and used to evaluate the diameter of the exit pupil. This will be much smaller than the object glass diameter, which gives the linear magnification (actually a reduction), the angular magnification can be determined from  With any telescope or microscope, or a lens a maximum magnification exists beyond which the image looks bigger but shows no more detail. It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see.", "Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called \"empty magnification\". For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction. In practice it is considered to be 2\u00d7 the aperture in millimetres or 50\u00d7 the aperture in inches; so, a 60mm diameter telescope has a maximum usable magnification of 120\u00d7.  With an optical microscope having a high numerical aperture and using oil immersion, the best possible resolution is 200 nm corresponding to a magnification of around 1200\u00d7. Without oil immersion, the maximum usable magnification is around 800\u00d7. For details, see limitations of optical microscopes. Small, cheap telescopes and microscopes are sometimes supplied with the eyepieces that give magnification far higher than is usable. Magnification figures on printed pictures can be misleading. Editors of journals and magazines routinely resize images to fit the page, making any magnification number provided in the figure legend incorrect. A scale bar (or micron bar) is a bar of stated length superimposed on a picture. This bar can be used to make accurate measurements on a picture. When a picture is resized the bar will be resized in proportion. If a picture has a scale bar, the actual magnification can easily be calculated. Where the scale (magnification) of an image is important or relevant, including a scale bar is preferable to stating magnification.", "It occurs when the finest detail the instrument can resolve is magnified to match the finest detail the eye can see. Magnification beyond this maximum is sometimes called \"empty magnification\". To get the most detail out of a telescope, it is critical to choose the right magnification for the object being observed. Some objects appear best at low power, some at high power, and many at a moderate magnification. There are two values for magnification, a minimum and maximum. A wider field of view eyepiece may be used to keep the same eyepiece focal length whilst providing the same magnification through the telescope. For a good quality telescope operating in good atmospheric conditions, the maximum usable magnification is limited by diffraction. The visual magnification formula_33 of the field of view through a telescope can be determined by the telescopes focal length formula_24 divided by the eyepiece focal length formula_35 (or diameter). The maximum is limited by the focal length of the eyepiece. An example of visual magnification using a telescope with a 1200 mm focal length and 3 mm eyepiece is given by: formula_36  There is a lowest usable magnification on a telescope. The increase in brightness with reduced magnification has a limit related to something called the exit pupil. The exit pupil is the cylinder of light coming out of the eyepiece, hence the lower the magnification, the larger the exit pupil. The minimum formula_37 can be calculated by dividing the telescope aperture formula_2 over the exit pupil diameter formula_39. Decreasing the magnification past this limit cannot increase brightness, at this limit there is no benefit for decreased magnification. Likewise calculating the exit pupil formula_39 is a division of the aperture diameter formula_2 and the visual magnification formula_33 used.", "Some stereo microscopes are also capable of transmitted light illumination as well, typically by having a bulb or mirror beneath a transparent stage underneath the object, though unlike a compound microscope, transmitted illumination is not focused through a condenser in most systems. Stereoscopes with specially-equipped illuminators can be used for dark field microscopy, using either reflected or transmitted light. Great working distance and depth of field are important qualities for this type of microscope. Both qualities are inversely correlated with resolution: the higher the resolution (\"i.e.\" the greater the distance at which two adjacent points can be distinguished as separate), the smaller the depth of field and working distance. Some stereo microscopes can deliver a useful magnification up to 100\u00d7, comparable to a 10\u00d7 objective and 10\u00d7 eyepiece in a normal compound microscope, although the magnification is often much lower. This is around one tenth the useful resolution of a normal compound optical microscope. The large working distance at low magnification is useful in examining large solid objects such as fracture surfaces, especially using fibre-optic illumination as discussed below. Such samples can also be manipulated easily so as to determine the points of interest. There are severe limitations on sample size in scanning electron microscopy, as well as ease of manipulation in the specimen chamber. There are two major types of magnification systems in stereo microscopes. One type is fixed magnification in which primary magnification is achieved by a paired set of objective lenses with a set degree of magnification. The other is zoom or pancratic magnification, which are capable of a continuously variable degree of magnification across a set range. Zoom systems can achieve further magnification through the use of auxiliary objectives that increase total magnification by a set factor.", "Classic Artists: Yes Classic Artists : Yes is a two-disc DVD documentary of the progressive rock group Yes produced by Image Entertainment and fully endorsed by the band. The video spans the band's entire career, beginning with their 1968 formation and going through their most recent studio album \"Magnification\" and the three years of touring that followed. The documentary features interviews with band members past and present, including the first official interviews with founding guitarist Peter Banks on an official Yes video release. In addition to a large amount of music to accompany the documentary, the video also includes rare and unseen photographs from personal collections, performance archive, music promos, and includes 20 page full colour booklet."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did magnification do well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where any of its singles a success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour with the Magnification album?", "answer": {"text": "The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#5", "question": "Did they have any other tours?", "rewrite": "Besides The Yes Symphonic Tour, did Yes have any other tours?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, the back of the US record sleeve is identical to the UK version, so it includes a picture of Banks. Howe has said that the original album cover was rejected because it was sexist, but that he was angry at Atlantic Records for continually printing and selling an album with his photo on the cover even though he did not play on the record. Yes premiered most of \"Time and a Word\" during their two solo concerts at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London, on 21 and 22 March 1970. For the second half, they played songs from the album with a twenty-piece orchestra led by Tony Cox. Anderson later considered the shows a failure, due to a lack of rehearsal time and a poor sound system. To record the orchestra, microphones were left dangling above the players using coat hangers. Banks thought the experiment was a \"daft idea\". Nevertheless, Chris Welch wrote a positive review in \"Melody Maker\" noting that despite the amplification problems, the \"musical break-through\" reaction from the audience suggested to him that the group had \"arrived\". The shows were the last in which Yes performed with an orchestra, until the 2001 Symphonic Tour to support their nineteenth studio album \"Magnification\", which also featured orchestral arrangements. Tensions within the band increased, and just after the album's recording was completed in early 1970, Banks was asked to leave. Steve Howe would join the line-up, as a replacement, that June. Following the UK release of \"Time and a Word\" in July 1970, the album became the group's first to enter the UK Albums Chart, with a peak at number 45. Its US release followed in November 1970. Two singles were released: \"Time and a Word\" in March 1970 and \"Sweet Dreams\" in June 1970. The album sold no more copies than did the debut album \"", "Kentucky's ballot access rules require a different minimum number of signatures based on the office being sought, ranging between 25 and 5,000. Prior to 2006, most Libertarian candidates for office received about 2% of the vote in any three-way race. After 2006, some Libertarian candidates have been able to reach 5% of the vote. In 2014, the first Libertarian candidates reached over 10% in partisan races with at least two other opponents. LPKY Website - Contacts Page Candidates for partisan offices that wish to run as a Libertarian are nominated at a nomination convention, which can be, and historically has been, held in conjunction with the state party annual convention. A vote of registered Libertarians at convention determines who the candidate will be. All candidates must also defeat NOTA (None of the Above) in order to obtain the ability to run as a Libertarian. The LPKY State Party Executive Committee can vote to add additional candidates after the convention. Statewide races: County races:    Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2016 No candidates due to signature requirements. Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2014 No regularly-scheduled elections in Kentucky in 2013. Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2012 Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2011 Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2010 2009 Special Election Results Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2008 Kentucky state Executive Branch elections. No candidates due to signature requirements. Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2006 Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2004 Kentucky state Executive Branch elections. No candidates due to signature requirements. Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2002 Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 2000 Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 1996 Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 1992 Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 1988 No Libertarian Presidential Candidate in 1984 on Kentucky ballot. Kentucky Board of Elections official results, 1982", "Proponents who have gathered at least 25 percent of the required number of signatures must immediately submit a written statement to the Secretary of State certifying they have done so. This is to allow time for each chamber in the State Legislature to assign the proposed initiative to its appropriate committees and schedule public hearings on it. However, the Legislature cannot amend the proposed initiative or prevent it from being added to the ballot once it qualifies. After all the signed petitions have been collected, proponents need to turn them in to each appropriate county elections official (i.e. all the signatures from those in Alameda County need to be submitted to the Alameda County elections official, Los Angeles County signatures need to be turned in to the LA County elections official, and so on). Each county then has eight working days after receiving the sign petitions to report the raw count of signatures to the Secretary of State, who then determines if the counties can proceed with verifying the signatures or if the initiative proponents failed to get the required number of signatures. In verifying the signatures, the counties first take a random sample of 3 percent or 500 of the signatures, whichever is greater, and have 30 working days to report their findings to the Secretary of State. If a county received less than 500, it is to verify all of them. If the statewide random sample total projects more than 110 percent of the required amount of signatures, the initiative automatically qualifies; if less than 95 percent, it fails; and if it is between 95 and 110 percent, the Secretary of State then orders a check of all the signatures. If required, the counties then have another 30 working days to do a full check. The cut-off time to go through this entire process, have all the signatures verified and get on a particular ballot is 131 days before that election.", "In 2001, Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification. Recorded without a keyboardist, the album features a 60-piece orchestra conducted by Larry Groupe; the first time the band used an orchestra since Time and a Word in 1970. The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US. The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001 and had the band performing on stage with an orchestra and American keyboardist Tom Brislin. Their two shows in Amsterdam were recorded for their 2002 DVD and 2009 CD release Symphonic Live. The band invited Wakeman to play with them for the filming, but he was on a solo tour at the time. Following Wakeman's announcement of his return in April 2002, Yes embarked on their Full Circle Tour in 2002-2003 that included their first performances in Australia since 1973. The triple compilation album The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection was released in July 2003, reaching number 10 in the UK charts, their highest-charting album since 1991, and number 131 in the US. On 26 January 2004, the film Yesspeak premiered in a number of select theatres, followed by a closed-circuit live acoustic performance of the group that was released as Yes Acoustic: Guaranteed No Hiss later on. A 35th anniversary tour followed in 2004 which was documented on the live DVD Songs from Tsongas. In 2004, Squire, Howe, and White reunited for one night only with former members Trevor Horn, Trevor Rabin and Geoff Downes during a show celebrating Horn's career, performing three Yes songs. The show video was released in DVD in 2008 under the name Trevor Horn and Friends: Slaves to the Rhythm. On 18 March 2003 minor planet (7707) Yes was named in honour of the band.", "Symphonic Music of Yes Symphonic Music of Yes is a 1993 album by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, covering songs of the progressive rock band Yes, with the English Chamber Orchestra and the London Community Gospel Choir. The arrangements were by Dee Palmer. Playing on the album were Yes guitarist Steve Howe and Yes drummer Bill Bruford. Some tracks also featured Yes vocalist Jon Anderson and featured the ABWH additional keyboardist Julian Colbeck."], "answer": {"text": "their Full Circle Tour", "answer_start": 756}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did magnification do well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where any of its singles a success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour with the Magnification album?", "answer": {"text": "The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the members of the group at the time of Magnification?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#6", "question": "What came after the Full CIrcle tour?", "rewrite": "What came after the Full CIrcle tour for Yes?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["M-28 is a major highway for Michigan and Canadian traffic along the south shore of Lake Superior. It forms the northern half of a pair of primary trunklines linking the Upper Peninsula from end to end; US 2 is the southern partner. The highway comprises mostly two lanes, undivided except for sections that are concurrent with US 41 near Marquette. The \"Marquette Bypass\" portion of US 41/M-28 is a four-lane expressway, and segments of the highway in Marquette County have four lanes. The entire route is part of the National Highway System, and three sections of the trunkline are part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour. In the west, M-28 begins at a signalized intersection with US 2 in Wakefield. Heading north, the highway passes Sunday Lake heading out of town. After crossing into southwestern Ontonagon County and the Eastern Time Zone, the trunkline highway skirts the northern shore of Lake Gogebic, running concurrently with M-64. The first section of M-28 designated as a part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour is from the western terminus to the eastern junction with M-64 in Bergland, where the Circle Tour turns north along M-64, leaving M-28. Here, M-28 has its lowest traffic counts; within the 2013 MDOT survey, the road is listed with only an average annual daily traffic (AADT) of 1,425 vehicles on a section of highway between Bergland and the US 45 intersection in Bruce Crossing. The trunkline runs through heavily forested areas of southern Houghton and Baraga counties. At the eastern junction with US 41 near Covington, M-28 receives the Circle Tour designation again and exits the Ottawa National Forest. In Baraga and Marquette counties, US 41/M-28 passes through hilly terrain before entering the urban areas of Ishpeming, Negaunee and Marquette.", "In 2001, Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification. Recorded without a keyboardist, the album features a 60-piece orchestra conducted by Larry Groupe; the first time the band used an orchestra since Time and a Word in 1970. The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US. The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001 and had the band performing on stage with an orchestra and American keyboardist Tom Brislin. Their two shows in Amsterdam were recorded for their 2002 DVD and 2009 CD release Symphonic Live. The band invited Wakeman to play with them for the filming, but he was on a solo tour at the time. Following Wakeman's announcement of his return in April 2002, Yes embarked on their Full Circle Tour in 2002-2003 that included their first performances in Australia since 1973. The triple compilation album The Ultimate Yes: 35th Anniversary Collection was released in July 2003, reaching number 10 in the UK charts, their highest-charting album since 1991, and number 131 in the US. On 26 January 2004, the film Yesspeak premiered in a number of select theatres, followed by a closed-circuit live acoustic performance of the group that was released as Yes Acoustic: Guaranteed No Hiss later on. A 35th anniversary tour followed in 2004 which was documented on the live DVD Songs from Tsongas. In 2004, Squire, Howe, and White reunited for one night only with former members Trevor Horn, Trevor Rabin and Geoff Downes during a show celebrating Horn's career, performing three Yes songs. The show video was released in DVD in 2008 under the name Trevor Horn and Friends: Slaves to the Rhythm. On 18 March 2003 minor planet (7707) Yes was named in honour of the band.", "The Circle Tour The Circle Tour is a worldwide concert tour by American rock band Bon Jovi. The tour was supporting the band's 11th studio album \"The Circle\" (2009). Starting in North America in early 2010, the tour progressed to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia before the years end. It included a historic 12 night run at the O2 Arena in London and four nights in East Rutherford, New Jersey to celebrate the grand opening of the Meadowlands Stadium. The tour was the #1 top-grossing concert tour for 2010 in the United States. Bon Jovi also played a special free performance for fans and former season ticket holders of the Jon Bon Jovi-owned arena football team The Philadelphia Soul on March 24 at 5:00pm a few hours before the band's show at Philadelphia's Wachovia Center. The band ended the first year of the tour in Australasia, playing two shows in New Zealand and eight shows in Australia including a VIP-ONLY gig on December 15 at Star City Casino. On this tour, the band has pledged to play some of their classic albums in full on some nights, and is varying their set lists more than usual \u2013 rarely played songs from their first two albums are being played, possibly for the first time in twenty-five years. Such songs include Roulette, Get Ready, Only Lonely, Tokyo Road, Let It Rock, Wild Is the Wind, Something to Believe In, It's Hard Letting You Go, Santa Fe and Homebound Train (vocals by Richie Sambora). Bon Jovi kicked off the stadium leg of the Circle Tour by making history \u2013 they played the first ever show at the brand new New Meadowlands Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey.", "Bon Jovi Live Bon Jovi Live was the fourteenth concert tour by American band, Bon Jovi. Visiting several countries in North America and Europe, the tour will support the band's sixth compilation album, \"The Greatest Hits\". It follows The Circle Tour, which became the biggest tour of 2010. At the conclusion of 2011, the tour placed second on Billboard's annual, \"Top 25 Tour\", earning over $190 million with 68 shows. In October 2010, Bon Jovi released the concert film, \"The Circle Tour: Live From Jersey\" in U.S. theaters. At the same time, the band announced the release of their latest greatest hits collection and their upcoming tour. Upon the release of the album, the new tour dates were announced as well. While touring Australia, it was announced that the \"Circle Tour\" became the biggest tour of 2010, grossing over $200 million. The band will continue to tour in 2011. Commenting on the tour, Jon Bon Jovi stated,\"You can show up, but that doesn't mean the people are going to go, and that doesn't mean they're going to come the next time and the next time. [\u2026] The year's not over yet. I need to make it to July 31 and then look back. If it were over right now, I'd look back on the Circle run and happily say, 'Wow, it was a good year. I was unbelievably healthy, we did great business, we got along.' But it's not over. It's just the beginning of the third quarter, we've just taken the field. So I won't look back until we get to the end zone.\"", "The Lake Huron Circle Tour joins I-75 at the northern terminus of US 23 and both run together on I-75 over the Mackinac Bridge. North of the toll plaza in St. Ignace, The LHCT takes Exit 344A to follow BL I-75 while the LMCT takes Exit 344B to follow US 2. In the Upper Peninsula, the circle tour follows US 2 westward to Rapid River. Here US 41 joins US 2. At Gladstone M-35 joins to form a three-way concurrency south to Escanaba. South of Escanaba, the circle tour follows M-35 to Menominee. Here M-35 ends and US 41 carries the circle tour south into Wisconsin. There is a \"spur route\" designated along M-183 and Delta County Road 483 on the Garden Peninsula. In Wisconsin, the LMCT follows US 41 south to I-43 in the Green Bay area. From I-43, it runs up into the Door Peninsula along WIS 57 and WIS 42 and back south to I-43. It continues along I-43 to Port Washington where it briefly follows WIS 32 for a few miles thru Port Washington then back onto I-43 to Milwaukee where it re-joins WIS 32 to the state border. The Lake Huron Circle Tour (LHCT) progresses clockwise from a starting point at the Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron, Michigan-Sarnia, Ontario. The LHCT continues around Lake Huron, touching on locations including the following:   A Michigan spur route utilizes a segment of M-134 to Detour, Michigan. An Ontario spur route uses the MS \"Chi-Cheemaun\" ferry to cross the mouth of Lake Huron's Georgian Bay from the Bruce Peninsula to Manitoulin Island and return."], "answer": {"text": "A 35th anniversary tour followed in 2004", "answer_start": 1274}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did magnification do well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where any of its singles a success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour with the Magnification album?", "answer": {"text": "The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the members of the group at the time of Magnification?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other tours?", "answer": {"text": "their Full Circle Tour", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3e9f20fed283499aa7f5a2c081b617cb_0_q#7", "question": "Were there anymore tours?", "rewrite": "Were there anymore tours after The Full Circle Tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Lake Huron Circle Tour joins I-75 at the northern terminus of US 23 and both run together on I-75 over the Mackinac Bridge. North of the toll plaza in St. Ignace, The LHCT takes Exit 344A to follow BL I-75 while the LMCT takes Exit 344B to follow US 2. In the Upper Peninsula, the circle tour follows US 2 westward to Rapid River. Here US 41 joins US 2. At Gladstone M-35 joins to form a three-way concurrency south to Escanaba. South of Escanaba, the circle tour follows M-35 to Menominee. Here M-35 ends and US 41 carries the circle tour south into Wisconsin. There is a \"spur route\" designated along M-183 and Delta County Road 483 on the Garden Peninsula. In Wisconsin, the LMCT follows US 41 south to I-43 in the Green Bay area. From I-43, it runs up into the Door Peninsula along WIS 57 and WIS 42 and back south to I-43. It continues along I-43 to Port Washington where it briefly follows WIS 32 for a few miles thru Port Washington then back onto I-43 to Milwaukee where it re-joins WIS 32 to the state border. The Lake Huron Circle Tour (LHCT) progresses clockwise from a starting point at the Blue Water Bridge in Port Huron, Michigan-Sarnia, Ontario. The LHCT continues around Lake Huron, touching on locations including the following:   A Michigan spur route utilizes a segment of M-134 to Detour, Michigan. An Ontario spur route uses the MS \"Chi-Cheemaun\" ferry to cross the mouth of Lake Huron's Georgian Bay from the Bruce Peninsula to Manitoulin Island and return.", "The band's sixth album, \"Full Circle\", was recorded in Grand Studios in G\u00e4vle, Sweden, during the winter 2010\u201311, and a new record deal was cut with German hard rock label Metalville. \" Full Circle\" was released on 24 June in Europe and 24 July in North America. Following the release the band undertook their most ambitious touring in many years, with shows taking place all over Europe and, for the first time in the band's history, the US. April 2012 saw the comeback of bass-player Roger Nilsson, who rejoined the band at the tail end of the Full Circle tour. The later part of the year was devoted to the writing and recording of the next album. Recorded in 491 Studios in Oskarshamn and Sound Society Studios in G\u00e4vle, the band set out to make an album showcasing their broad spectrum of influences. In May 2013 the seventh album titled \"Tiger Blood\" was released, again on the Metalville label. Rave reviews followed, one journalist stating: \"Jam packed with catchy riffs, thumping bass lines and vocals reminiscent of Chris Cornell and Sammy Hagar, this album will please even the finickiest rocker.\" In August 2017, the band released a new studio album called \"Born From Fire\", which saw the return of original vocalist Magnus Ekwall. The Quill are often referred to as a stoner rock and stoner metal band but they can also be regarded as a heavy metal band. They are influenced by late 1960s and early 1970s bands such as Black Sabbath, Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin, but also sound like 1990s grunge and stoner metal bands such as Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Monster Magnet, Kyuss and Corrosion of Conformity. Especially vocalist Magnus Ekwall who is often compared to Soundgarden singer Chris Cornell.", "M-28 is a major highway for Michigan and Canadian traffic along the south shore of Lake Superior. It forms the northern half of a pair of primary trunklines linking the Upper Peninsula from end to end; US 2 is the southern partner. The highway comprises mostly two lanes, undivided except for sections that are concurrent with US 41 near Marquette. The \"Marquette Bypass\" portion of US 41/M-28 is a four-lane expressway, and segments of the highway in Marquette County have four lanes. The entire route is part of the National Highway System, and three sections of the trunkline are part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour. In the west, M-28 begins at a signalized intersection with US 2 in Wakefield. Heading north, the highway passes Sunday Lake heading out of town. After crossing into southwestern Ontonagon County and the Eastern Time Zone, the trunkline highway skirts the northern shore of Lake Gogebic, running concurrently with M-64. The first section of M-28 designated as a part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour is from the western terminus to the eastern junction with M-64 in Bergland, where the Circle Tour turns north along M-64, leaving M-28. Here, M-28 has its lowest traffic counts; within the 2013 MDOT survey, the road is listed with only an average annual daily traffic (AADT) of 1,425 vehicles on a section of highway between Bergland and the US 45 intersection in Bruce Crossing. The trunkline runs through heavily forested areas of southern Houghton and Baraga counties. At the eastern junction with US 41 near Covington, M-28 receives the Circle Tour designation again and exits the Ottawa National Forest. In Baraga and Marquette counties, US 41/M-28 passes through hilly terrain before entering the urban areas of Ishpeming, Negaunee and Marquette.", "The Circle Tour The Circle Tour is a worldwide concert tour by American rock band Bon Jovi. The tour was supporting the band's 11th studio album \"The Circle\" (2009). Starting in North America in early 2010, the tour progressed to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia before the years end. It included a historic 12 night run at the O2 Arena in London and four nights in East Rutherford, New Jersey to celebrate the grand opening of the Meadowlands Stadium. The tour was the #1 top-grossing concert tour for 2010 in the United States. Bon Jovi also played a special free performance for fans and former season ticket holders of the Jon Bon Jovi-owned arena football team The Philadelphia Soul on March 24 at 5:00pm a few hours before the band's show at Philadelphia's Wachovia Center. The band ended the first year of the tour in Australasia, playing two shows in New Zealand and eight shows in Australia including a VIP-ONLY gig on December 15 at Star City Casino. On this tour, the band has pledged to play some of their classic albums in full on some nights, and is varying their set lists more than usual \u2013 rarely played songs from their first two albums are being played, possibly for the first time in twenty-five years. Such songs include Roulette, Get Ready, Only Lonely, Tokyo Road, Let It Rock, Wild Is the Wind, Something to Believe In, It's Hard Letting You Go, Santa Fe and Homebound Train (vocals by Richie Sambora). Bon Jovi kicked off the stadium leg of the Circle Tour by making history \u2013 they played the first ever show at the brand new New Meadowlands Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey.", "Bon Jovi Live Bon Jovi Live was the fourteenth concert tour by American band, Bon Jovi. Visiting several countries in North America and Europe, the tour will support the band's sixth compilation album, \"The Greatest Hits\". It follows The Circle Tour, which became the biggest tour of 2010. At the conclusion of 2011, the tour placed second on Billboard's annual, \"Top 25 Tour\", earning over $190 million with 68 shows. In October 2010, Bon Jovi released the concert film, \"The Circle Tour: Live From Jersey\" in U.S. theaters. At the same time, the band announced the release of their latest greatest hits collection and their upcoming tour. Upon the release of the album, the new tour dates were announced as well. While touring Australia, it was announced that the \"Circle Tour\" became the biggest tour of 2010, grossing over $200 million. The band will continue to tour in 2011. Commenting on the tour, Jon Bon Jovi stated,\"You can show up, but that doesn't mean the people are going to go, and that doesn't mean they're going to come the next time and the next time. [\u2026] The year's not over yet. I need to make it to July 31 and then look back. If it were over right now, I'd look back on the Circle run and happily say, 'Wow, it was a good year. I was unbelievably healthy, we did great business, we got along.' But it's not over. It's just the beginning of the third quarter, we've just taken the field. So I won't look back until we get to the end zone.\""], "answer": {"text": "a show celebrating Horn's career, performing three Yes songs.", "answer_start": 1503}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What first happened in 2001 to the band Yes?", "answer": {"text": "Yes released their nineteenth studio album Magnification.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did magnification do well on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "The record was not a chart success; it peaked at number 71 in the UK and number 186 in the US.", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where any of its singles a success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour with the Magnification album?", "answer": {"text": "The Yes Symphonic Tour ran from July to December 2001", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the members of the group at the time of Magnification?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other tours?", "answer": {"text": "their Full Circle Tour", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What came after the Full CIrcle tour?", "answer": {"text": "A 35th anniversary tour followed in 2004", "answer_start": 1274, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4c0b91d1e9e49fab02f495cc00aca5b_0_q#0", "question": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "rewrite": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["(Schocken /Nextbook), which has been widely praised, with Harold Bloom calling it \"a small masterpiece\" and \"The Nation\" describing it as \"a literary jewel whose pages turn like those of a well-paced thriller, but with all the chiseled elegance and flashes of linguistic surprise we associate with poetry... \"Sacred Trash\" has made history both beautiful and exciting.\" In the Jewish press, the \"Chicago Jewish Star\" called it \"captivating, with the drama of any good mystery \u2026 it has all the ingredients of a compelling work of fiction. Except that it's true.\" In 2016, Farrar, Straus and Giroux published her book, \" Till We Have Built Jerusalem: Architects of a New City,\" which \"Publishers Weekly\" calls \"a scintillating study\" and \"Haaretz\" describes as \"beautifully written . . . a captivating detective story . . . a passionate, lyrical defense of a Jerusalem that could still be,\" In February 2019 Yale University Press brought out Hoffman's \"Ben Hecht: Fighting Words, Moving Pictures\" as part of their Jewish Lives series. \"Booklist\" gave the book a starred review and called it a \"precise and lively portrait... Each phase in Hecht's adventures is electrifying ... Hoffman's concentrated biography is smartly entertaining and revelatory. \" On the publisher's website, film historian and critic Noah Isenberg describes the book as \"thoroughly absorbing, compulsively readable\" and says it \"gives a critical but sympathetic account of the pugnacious, brilliant Ben Hecht. A highly gifted storyteller, Hoffman shows just how important Hecht was in his day, and why he matters now.\"", "His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired in 1931, when he was 20, to write additional dialogue for the film version of the 1928 play \"The Front Page\". The film would be nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 1933, he made contributions to Hecht's screenplay for \"Topaze\", along with many others, without being credited. From 1940 to 1943 Lederer worked at MGM where he wrote a series of light comedies, usually centering on mismatched couples. \" Comrade X\" (1940), written in collaboration with Ben Hecht and directed by King Vidor is the story an American in Russia (Clark Gable) who falls in love with a streetcar conductor (Hedy Lamarr). In 1942 he directed his first film, \"Fingers at the Window\", although he did not write the screenplay. He penned the screenplay for the classic 1951 science-fiction/horror film \" The Thing from Another World\", directed largely by Howard Hawks but credited to Christian Nyby and co-wrote the original 1960's \"Ocean's 11\". Lederer wrote or co-wrote screenplays (notably with Ben Hecht) for Howard Hawks's production of \"His Girl Friday\" (a remake of \"The Front Page\"), \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", and the Lewis Milestone remake of \"Mutiny on the Bounty\", starring Marlon Brando. \" His Girl Friday\" has remained his most popular and critically acclaimed screenplay. At the suggestion of the films' director, Howard Hawks, Lederer changed the sex of the lead character in the play, Hildy Johnson, from male to female. With Ben Hecht, he co-wrote the original \"Kiss of Death\" which was to feature the actor Richard Widmark's chilling debut as the psychopathic killer with a giggle.", "Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City is a live US half-hour television anthology series. It consisted of adaptations of author Ben Hecht's stories. Hecht served as the series host. A total of seven episodes aired from June 25, 1953, to September 17, 1953, on CBS, alternating weekly with \"Four Star Playhouse\". The program is also known as Tales of the City. Among its guest stars were Gary Merrill, Madeleine Carroll, Charles Coburn, Laraine Day Wendell Corey, Hume Cronyn, and Ann Rutherford.", "Selznick dismissed director George Cukor three weeks into filming and sought out Victor Fleming, who was directing \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the time. Fleming was dissatisfied with the script, so Selznick brought in famed writer Ben Hecht to rewrite the entire screenplay within five days. Hecht returned to Howard's original draft and by the end of the week had succeeded in revising the entire first half of the script. Selznick undertook rewriting the second half himself but fell behind schedule, so Howard returned to work on the script for one week, reworking several key scenes in part two. \"By the time of the film's release in 1939, there was some question as to who should receive screen credit\", writes Yeck. \" But despite the number of writers and changes, the final script was remarkably close to Howard's version. The fact that Howard's name alone appears on the credits may have been as much a gesture to his memory as to his writing, for in 1939 Sidney Howard died at age 48 in a farm-tractor accident, and before the movie's premiere.\" Selznick, in a memo written in October 1939, discussed the film's writing credits: \"[Y]ou can say frankly that of the comparatively small amount of material in the picture which is not from the book, most is my own personally, and the only original lines of dialog which are not my own are a few from Sidney Howard and a few from Ben Hecht and a couple more from John Van Druten. Offhand I doubt that there are ten original words of [Oliver] Garrett's in the whole script. As to construction, this is about eighty per cent my own, and the rest divided between Jo Swerling and Sidney Howard, with Hecht having contributed materially to the construction of one sequence.\"", "Rose Caylor Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman) was a Russia-born screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht. Rose was born into a Jewish family in Vilna, Russia (modern-day Lithuania). Her father, Morris Libman, emigrated to the U.S. in 1907, and Rose and her mother and sister followed the next year, settling in Chicago, Illinois. Rose attended the University of Chicago and afterward began working at \"The Chicago Daily News\", where she met her future husband, writer Ben Hecht. The pair moved to New York together in 1924, and married in 1926 after his divorce from his first wife was finalized. They'd have one daughter (actress Jenny Hecht). Over the course of her career as a writer, she wrote a number of original stage plays and novels; she also authored the 1942 film noir \"Fingers at the Window\". She appears to have worked on several films with her husband that she didn't receive credits on. She also translated plays from Russian into English for Broadway productions. During World War II, she went to work on the assembly line at an aviation plant. Ben Hecht died in 1964, and Jenny Hecht died of an accidental drug overdose in 1971. Rose was living in Nyack, New York, when she died in March 1979. Screenplays: Stage plays:   Novels:"], "answer": {"text": "From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c4c0b91d1e9e49fab02f495cc00aca5b_0_q#1", "question": "Was he a good correspondent?", "rewrite": "Was Ben Hecht a good correspondent?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rose Caylor Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman) was a Russia-born screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht. Rose was born into a Jewish family in Vilna, Russia (modern-day Lithuania). Her father, Morris Libman, emigrated to the U.S. in 1907, and Rose and her mother and sister followed the next year, settling in Chicago, Illinois. Rose attended the University of Chicago and afterward began working at \"The Chicago Daily News\", where she met her future husband, writer Ben Hecht. The pair moved to New York together in 1924, and married in 1926 after his divorce from his first wife was finalized. They'd have one daughter (actress Jenny Hecht). Over the course of her career as a writer, she wrote a number of original stage plays and novels; she also authored the 1942 film noir \"Fingers at the Window\". She appears to have worked on several films with her husband that she didn't receive credits on. She also translated plays from Russian into English for Broadway productions. During World War II, she went to work on the assembly line at an aviation plant. Ben Hecht died in 1964, and Jenny Hecht died of an accidental drug overdose in 1971. Rose was living in Nyack, New York, when she died in March 1979. Screenplays: Stage plays:   Novels:", "His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired in 1931, when he was 20, to write additional dialogue for the film version of the 1928 play \"The Front Page\". The film would be nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 1933, he made contributions to Hecht's screenplay for \"Topaze\", along with many others, without being credited. From 1940 to 1943 Lederer worked at MGM where he wrote a series of light comedies, usually centering on mismatched couples. \" Comrade X\" (1940), written in collaboration with Ben Hecht and directed by King Vidor is the story an American in Russia (Clark Gable) who falls in love with a streetcar conductor (Hedy Lamarr). In 1942 he directed his first film, \"Fingers at the Window\", although he did not write the screenplay. He penned the screenplay for the classic 1951 science-fiction/horror film \" The Thing from Another World\", directed largely by Howard Hawks but credited to Christian Nyby and co-wrote the original 1960's \"Ocean's 11\". Lederer wrote or co-wrote screenplays (notably with Ben Hecht) for Howard Hawks's production of \"His Girl Friday\" (a remake of \"The Front Page\"), \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", and the Lewis Milestone remake of \"Mutiny on the Bounty\", starring Marlon Brando. \" His Girl Friday\" has remained his most popular and critically acclaimed screenplay. At the suggestion of the films' director, Howard Hawks, Lederer changed the sex of the lead character in the play, Hildy Johnson, from male to female. With Ben Hecht, he co-wrote the original \"Kiss of Death\" which was to feature the actor Richard Widmark's chilling debut as the psychopathic killer with a giggle.", "Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City is a live US half-hour television anthology series. It consisted of adaptations of author Ben Hecht's stories. Hecht served as the series host. A total of seven episodes aired from June 25, 1953, to September 17, 1953, on CBS, alternating weekly with \"Four Star Playhouse\". The program is also known as Tales of the City. Among its guest stars were Gary Merrill, Madeleine Carroll, Charles Coburn, Laraine Day Wendell Corey, Hume Cronyn, and Ann Rutherford.", "Selznick dismissed director George Cukor three weeks into filming and sought out Victor Fleming, who was directing \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the time. Fleming was dissatisfied with the script, so Selznick brought in famed writer Ben Hecht to rewrite the entire screenplay within five days. Hecht returned to Howard's original draft and by the end of the week had succeeded in revising the entire first half of the script. Selznick undertook rewriting the second half himself but fell behind schedule, so Howard returned to work on the script for one week, reworking several key scenes in part two. \"By the time of the film's release in 1939, there was some question as to who should receive screen credit\", writes Yeck. \" But despite the number of writers and changes, the final script was remarkably close to Howard's version. The fact that Howard's name alone appears on the credits may have been as much a gesture to his memory as to his writing, for in 1939 Sidney Howard died at age 48 in a farm-tractor accident, and before the movie's premiere.\" Selznick, in a memo written in October 1939, discussed the film's writing credits: \"[Y]ou can say frankly that of the comparatively small amount of material in the picture which is not from the book, most is my own personally, and the only original lines of dialog which are not my own are a few from Sidney Howard and a few from Ben Hecht and a couple more from John Van Druten. Offhand I doubt that there are ten original words of [Oliver] Garrett's in the whole script. As to construction, this is about eighty per cent my own, and the rest divided between Jo Swerling and Sidney Howard, with Hecht having contributed materially to the construction of one sequence.\"", "(Schocken /Nextbook), which has been widely praised, with Harold Bloom calling it \"a small masterpiece\" and \"The Nation\" describing it as \"a literary jewel whose pages turn like those of a well-paced thriller, but with all the chiseled elegance and flashes of linguistic surprise we associate with poetry... \"Sacred Trash\" has made history both beautiful and exciting.\" In the Jewish press, the \"Chicago Jewish Star\" called it \"captivating, with the drama of any good mystery \u2026 it has all the ingredients of a compelling work of fiction. Except that it's true.\" In 2016, Farrar, Straus and Giroux published her book, \" Till We Have Built Jerusalem: Architects of a New City,\" which \"Publishers Weekly\" calls \"a scintillating study\" and \"Haaretz\" describes as \"beautifully written . . . a captivating detective story . . . a passionate, lyrical defense of a Jerusalem that could still be,\" In February 2019 Yale University Press brought out Hoffman's \"Ben Hecht: Fighting Words, Moving Pictures\" as part of their Jewish Lives series. \"Booklist\" gave the book a starred review and called it a \"precise and lively portrait... Each phase in Hecht's adventures is electrifying ... Hoffman's concentrated biography is smartly entertaining and revelatory. \" On the publisher's website, film historian and critic Noah Isenberg describes the book as \"thoroughly absorbing, compulsively readable\" and says it \"gives a critical but sympathetic account of the pugnacious, brilliant Ben Hecht. A highly gifted storyteller, Hoffman shows just how important Hecht was in his day, and why he matters now.\""], "answer": {"text": "\"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\"", "answer_start": 130}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4c0b91d1e9e49fab02f495cc00aca5b_0_q#2", "question": "What else did he do as a journalist?", "rewrite": "Aside from being a correspondent and war reporter, did Ben Hecht do anything else as a journalist?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News. According to Barbara and Scott Siegel, \"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\" In 1921, Hecht inaugurated a Daily News column called, One Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago. While it lasted, the column was enormously influential. His editor, Henry Justin Smith, later said it represented a new concept in journalism:  the idea that just under the edge of the news as commonly understood, the news often flatly unimaginatively told, lay life; that in this urban life there dwelt the stuff of literature, not hidden in remote places, either, but walking the downtown streets, peering from the windows of sky scrapers, sunning itself in parks and boulevards. He was going to be its interpreter. His was to be the lens throwing city life into new colors, his the microscope revealing its contortions in life and death. While at the Chicago Daily News, Hecht famously broke the 1921 \"Ragged Stranger Murder Case\" story, about the murder of Carl Wanderer's wife, which led to the trial and execution of war hero Carl Wanderer. In Chicago, he also met and befriended Maxwell Bodenheim, an American poet and novelist, later known as the King of Greenwich Village Bohemians, and with whom he became a life-long friend. After concluding One Thousand and One Afternoons, Hecht went on to produce novels, plays, screenplays, and memoirs, but none of these eclipsed his early success in finding the stuff of literature in city life.", "His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired in 1931, when he was 20, to write additional dialogue for the film version of the 1928 play \"The Front Page\". The film would be nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 1933, he made contributions to Hecht's screenplay for \"Topaze\", along with many others, without being credited. From 1940 to 1943 Lederer worked at MGM where he wrote a series of light comedies, usually centering on mismatched couples. \" Comrade X\" (1940), written in collaboration with Ben Hecht and directed by King Vidor is the story an American in Russia (Clark Gable) who falls in love with a streetcar conductor (Hedy Lamarr). In 1942 he directed his first film, \"Fingers at the Window\", although he did not write the screenplay. He penned the screenplay for the classic 1951 science-fiction/horror film \" The Thing from Another World\", directed largely by Howard Hawks but credited to Christian Nyby and co-wrote the original 1960's \"Ocean's 11\". Lederer wrote or co-wrote screenplays (notably with Ben Hecht) for Howard Hawks's production of \"His Girl Friday\" (a remake of \"The Front Page\"), \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", and the Lewis Milestone remake of \"Mutiny on the Bounty\", starring Marlon Brando. \" His Girl Friday\" has remained his most popular and critically acclaimed screenplay. At the suggestion of the films' director, Howard Hawks, Lederer changed the sex of the lead character in the play, Hildy Johnson, from male to female. With Ben Hecht, he co-wrote the original \"Kiss of Death\" which was to feature the actor Richard Widmark's chilling debut as the psychopathic killer with a giggle.", "Gene Sherman (reporter) Eugene Franklin Sherman (January 27, 1915 \u2013 March 5, 1969) was an American journalist whose work contributed to the \"Los Angeles Times\" winning the 1960 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. Sherman started his 30 years on staff as a cub reporter covering nearly all the regular news beats from police and sheriff to municipal and Superior Courts. He then worked as a rewrite man, a frontline general assignment reporter, leading feature story writer, war correspondent, in-depth investigative reporter and a foreign correspondent. He became a daily general interest writer of his page-2 column \"Cityside\" for seven years and a roving national and international assignment reporter. In 1964 he opened the London bureau as part of the \"Los Angeles Times\" bid to widen its editorial base into a national newspaper, rivaling the influence and impact of \"The Washington Post\" and \"The New York Times\". Eugene Franklin Sherman was born in Oak Park, Illinois, to Eugene Watts Sherman, a statistician at a stock broker company, and Juliette Louvre, daughter of a lace manufacturer in Calais, France. When Gene was four years old, the Shermans moved to Los Angeles. While at Loyola High School, aged 15 years, he worked as assistant editor and reporter for the \"Boulevard Record\" and \"Compton News Tribune\" community newspapers. Sherman graduated from L.A. High School, followed by a year at the University of Southern California. In 1936 he took advantage of new cub reporter openings at the \"Los Angeles Times\" to join the pre-eminent West Coast newspaper. During the Ben Hecht \"Front Page\" era of big-scoop headlines, Sherman wrote articles ranging from the zoot suit gangs of Los Angeles to the annual New Year Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California, as well as high-profile crimes and courtroom trials picked up by newspapers across country.", "Rose Caylor Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman) was a Russia-born screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht. Rose was born into a Jewish family in Vilna, Russia (modern-day Lithuania). Her father, Morris Libman, emigrated to the U.S. in 1907, and Rose and her mother and sister followed the next year, settling in Chicago, Illinois. Rose attended the University of Chicago and afterward began working at \"The Chicago Daily News\", where she met her future husband, writer Ben Hecht. The pair moved to New York together in 1924, and married in 1926 after his divorce from his first wife was finalized. They'd have one daughter (actress Jenny Hecht). Over the course of her career as a writer, she wrote a number of original stage plays and novels; she also authored the 1942 film noir \"Fingers at the Window\". She appears to have worked on several films with her husband that she didn't receive credits on. She also translated plays from Russian into English for Broadway productions. During World War II, she went to work on the assembly line at an aviation plant. Ben Hecht died in 1964, and Jenny Hecht died of an accidental drug overdose in 1971. Rose was living in Nyack, New York, when she died in March 1979. Screenplays: Stage plays:   Novels:", "Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City is a live US half-hour television anthology series. It consisted of adaptations of author Ben Hecht's stories. Hecht served as the series host. A total of seven episodes aired from June 25, 1953, to September 17, 1953, on CBS, alternating weekly with \"Four Star Playhouse\". The program is also known as Tales of the City. Among its guest stars were Gary Merrill, Madeleine Carroll, Charles Coburn, Laraine Day Wendell Corey, Hume Cronyn, and Ann Rutherford."], "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Hecht inaugurated a Daily News column called, One Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago.", "answer_start": 263}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good correspondent?", "answer": {"text": "\"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4c0b91d1e9e49fab02f495cc00aca5b_0_q#3", "question": "Was his column successful?", "rewrite": "Was Ben Hecht's column successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rose Caylor Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman) was a Russia-born screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht. Rose was born into a Jewish family in Vilna, Russia (modern-day Lithuania). Her father, Morris Libman, emigrated to the U.S. in 1907, and Rose and her mother and sister followed the next year, settling in Chicago, Illinois. Rose attended the University of Chicago and afterward began working at \"The Chicago Daily News\", where she met her future husband, writer Ben Hecht. The pair moved to New York together in 1924, and married in 1926 after his divorce from his first wife was finalized. They'd have one daughter (actress Jenny Hecht). Over the course of her career as a writer, she wrote a number of original stage plays and novels; she also authored the 1942 film noir \"Fingers at the Window\". She appears to have worked on several films with her husband that she didn't receive credits on. She also translated plays from Russian into English for Broadway productions. During World War II, she went to work on the assembly line at an aviation plant. Ben Hecht died in 1964, and Jenny Hecht died of an accidental drug overdose in 1971. Rose was living in Nyack, New York, when she died in March 1979. Screenplays: Stage plays:   Novels:", "Child abuse Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, and/or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or a caregiver. Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or a caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing children from their families or prosecuting a criminal charge. The whole of recorded history contains references to acts that can be described as child abuse or child maltreatment, but professional inquiry into the topic is generally considered to have begun in the 1960s. The July 1962 publication of the paper \"The Battered Child-Syndrome\" authored principally to pediatric psychiatrist C. Henry Kempe and published in \"The Journal of the American Medical Association\" represents the moment that child maltreatment entered mainstream awareness. Before the article's publication, injuries to children\u2014even repeated bone fractures\u2014were not commonly recognized as the results of intentional trauma. Instead, physicians often looked for undiagnosed bone diseases or accepted parents' accounts of accidental mishaps such as falls or assaults by neighborhood bullies. The study of child abuse and neglect emerged as an academic discipline in the early 1970s in the United States.", "Interpersonal violence is divided into two subcategories: Family and intimate partner violence \u2013 that is, violence largely between family members and intimate partners, usually, though not exclusively, taking place in the home. Community violence \u2013 violence between individuals who are unrelated, and who may or may not know each other, generally taking place outside the home. The former group includes forms of violence such as child abuse, intimate partner violence and abuse of the elderly. The latter includes youth violence, random acts of violence, rape or sexual assault by strangers, and violence in institutional settings such as schools, workplaces, prisons and nursing homes. When interpersonal violence occurs in families, its psychological consequences can affect parents, children, and their relationship in the short- and long-terms. Child maltreatment is the abuse and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age. It includes all types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, negligence and commercial or other child exploitation, which results in actual or potential harm to the child\u2019s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust, or power. Exposure to intimate partner violence is also sometimes included as a form of child maltreatment. Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious lifelong consequences, which is, however, complex and difficult to study. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries, are lacking. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Approximately 20% of women and 5\u201310% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25\u201350% of all children report being physically abused. Consequences of child maltreatment include impaired lifelong physical and mental health, and social and occupational functioning", "Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City is a live US half-hour television anthology series. It consisted of adaptations of author Ben Hecht's stories. Hecht served as the series host. A total of seven episodes aired from June 25, 1953, to September 17, 1953, on CBS, alternating weekly with \"Four Star Playhouse\". The program is also known as Tales of the City. Among its guest stars were Gary Merrill, Madeleine Carroll, Charles Coburn, Laraine Day Wendell Corey, Hume Cronyn, and Ann Rutherford.", "His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired in 1931, when he was 20, to write additional dialogue for the film version of the 1928 play \"The Front Page\". The film would be nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 1933, he made contributions to Hecht's screenplay for \"Topaze\", along with many others, without being credited. From 1940 to 1943 Lederer worked at MGM where he wrote a series of light comedies, usually centering on mismatched couples. \" Comrade X\" (1940), written in collaboration with Ben Hecht and directed by King Vidor is the story an American in Russia (Clark Gable) who falls in love with a streetcar conductor (Hedy Lamarr). In 1942 he directed his first film, \"Fingers at the Window\", although he did not write the screenplay. He penned the screenplay for the classic 1951 science-fiction/horror film \" The Thing from Another World\", directed largely by Howard Hawks but credited to Christian Nyby and co-wrote the original 1960's \"Ocean's 11\". Lederer wrote or co-wrote screenplays (notably with Ben Hecht) for Howard Hawks's production of \"His Girl Friday\" (a remake of \"The Front Page\"), \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", and the Lewis Milestone remake of \"Mutiny on the Bounty\", starring Marlon Brando. \" His Girl Friday\" has remained his most popular and critically acclaimed screenplay. At the suggestion of the films' director, Howard Hawks, Lederer changed the sex of the lead character in the play, Hildy Johnson, from male to female. With Ben Hecht, he co-wrote the original \"Kiss of Death\" which was to feature the actor Richard Widmark's chilling debut as the psychopathic killer with a giggle."], "answer": {"text": "His editor, Henry Justin Smith, later said it represented a new concept in journalism:", "answer_start": 418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good correspondent?", "answer": {"text": "\"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Hecht inaugurated a Daily News column called, One Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4c0b91d1e9e49fab02f495cc00aca5b_0_q#4", "question": "Did he ever receive any awards for any of his columns?", "rewrite": "Did Ben Hecht ever receive any awards for any of his columns?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired in 1931, when he was 20, to write additional dialogue for the film version of the 1928 play \"The Front Page\". The film would be nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 1933, he made contributions to Hecht's screenplay for \"Topaze\", along with many others, without being credited. From 1940 to 1943 Lederer worked at MGM where he wrote a series of light comedies, usually centering on mismatched couples. \" Comrade X\" (1940), written in collaboration with Ben Hecht and directed by King Vidor is the story an American in Russia (Clark Gable) who falls in love with a streetcar conductor (Hedy Lamarr). In 1942 he directed his first film, \"Fingers at the Window\", although he did not write the screenplay. He penned the screenplay for the classic 1951 science-fiction/horror film \" The Thing from Another World\", directed largely by Howard Hawks but credited to Christian Nyby and co-wrote the original 1960's \"Ocean's 11\". Lederer wrote or co-wrote screenplays (notably with Ben Hecht) for Howard Hawks's production of \"His Girl Friday\" (a remake of \"The Front Page\"), \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", and the Lewis Milestone remake of \"Mutiny on the Bounty\", starring Marlon Brando. \" His Girl Friday\" has remained his most popular and critically acclaimed screenplay. At the suggestion of the films' director, Howard Hawks, Lederer changed the sex of the lead character in the play, Hildy Johnson, from male to female. With Ben Hecht, he co-wrote the original \"Kiss of Death\" which was to feature the actor Richard Widmark's chilling debut as the psychopathic killer with a giggle.", "Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City is a live US half-hour television anthology series. It consisted of adaptations of author Ben Hecht's stories. Hecht served as the series host. A total of seven episodes aired from June 25, 1953, to September 17, 1953, on CBS, alternating weekly with \"Four Star Playhouse\". The program is also known as Tales of the City. Among its guest stars were Gary Merrill, Madeleine Carroll, Charles Coburn, Laraine Day Wendell Corey, Hume Cronyn, and Ann Rutherford.", "(Schocken /Nextbook), which has been widely praised, with Harold Bloom calling it \"a small masterpiece\" and \"The Nation\" describing it as \"a literary jewel whose pages turn like those of a well-paced thriller, but with all the chiseled elegance and flashes of linguistic surprise we associate with poetry... \"Sacred Trash\" has made history both beautiful and exciting.\" In the Jewish press, the \"Chicago Jewish Star\" called it \"captivating, with the drama of any good mystery \u2026 it has all the ingredients of a compelling work of fiction. Except that it's true.\" In 2016, Farrar, Straus and Giroux published her book, \" Till We Have Built Jerusalem: Architects of a New City,\" which \"Publishers Weekly\" calls \"a scintillating study\" and \"Haaretz\" describes as \"beautifully written . . . a captivating detective story . . . a passionate, lyrical defense of a Jerusalem that could still be,\" In February 2019 Yale University Press brought out Hoffman's \"Ben Hecht: Fighting Words, Moving Pictures\" as part of their Jewish Lives series. \"Booklist\" gave the book a starred review and called it a \"precise and lively portrait... Each phase in Hecht's adventures is electrifying ... Hoffman's concentrated biography is smartly entertaining and revelatory. \" On the publisher's website, film historian and critic Noah Isenberg describes the book as \"thoroughly absorbing, compulsively readable\" and says it \"gives a critical but sympathetic account of the pugnacious, brilliant Ben Hecht. A highly gifted storyteller, Hoffman shows just how important Hecht was in his day, and why he matters now.\"", "Rose Caylor Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman) was a Russia-born screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht. Rose was born into a Jewish family in Vilna, Russia (modern-day Lithuania). Her father, Morris Libman, emigrated to the U.S. in 1907, and Rose and her mother and sister followed the next year, settling in Chicago, Illinois. Rose attended the University of Chicago and afterward began working at \"The Chicago Daily News\", where she met her future husband, writer Ben Hecht. The pair moved to New York together in 1924, and married in 1926 after his divorce from his first wife was finalized. They'd have one daughter (actress Jenny Hecht). Over the course of her career as a writer, she wrote a number of original stage plays and novels; she also authored the 1942 film noir \"Fingers at the Window\". She appears to have worked on several films with her husband that she didn't receive credits on. She also translated plays from Russian into English for Broadway productions. During World War II, she went to work on the assembly line at an aviation plant. Ben Hecht died in 1964, and Jenny Hecht died of an accidental drug overdose in 1971. Rose was living in Nyack, New York, when she died in March 1979. Screenplays: Stage plays:   Novels:", "Selznick dismissed director George Cukor three weeks into filming and sought out Victor Fleming, who was directing \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the time. Fleming was dissatisfied with the script, so Selznick brought in famed writer Ben Hecht to rewrite the entire screenplay within five days. Hecht returned to Howard's original draft and by the end of the week had succeeded in revising the entire first half of the script. Selznick undertook rewriting the second half himself but fell behind schedule, so Howard returned to work on the script for one week, reworking several key scenes in part two. \"By the time of the film's release in 1939, there was some question as to who should receive screen credit\", writes Yeck. \" But despite the number of writers and changes, the final script was remarkably close to Howard's version. The fact that Howard's name alone appears on the credits may have been as much a gesture to his memory as to his writing, for in 1939 Sidney Howard died at age 48 in a farm-tractor accident, and before the movie's premiere.\" Selznick, in a memo written in October 1939, discussed the film's writing credits: \"[Y]ou can say frankly that of the comparatively small amount of material in the picture which is not from the book, most is my own personally, and the only original lines of dialog which are not my own are a few from Sidney Howard and a few from Ben Hecht and a couple more from John Van Druten. Offhand I doubt that there are ten original words of [Oliver] Garrett's in the whole script. As to construction, this is about eighty per cent my own, and the rest divided between Jo Swerling and Sidney Howard, with Hecht having contributed materially to the construction of one sequence.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good correspondent?", "answer": {"text": "\"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Hecht inaugurated a Daily News column called, One Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his column successful?", "answer": {"text": "His editor, Henry Justin Smith, later said it represented a new concept in journalism:", "answer_start": 418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4c0b91d1e9e49fab02f495cc00aca5b_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Ben Hecht's awards and accomplishments, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rose Caylor Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman) was a Russia-born screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht. Rose was born into a Jewish family in Vilna, Russia (modern-day Lithuania). Her father, Morris Libman, emigrated to the U.S. in 1907, and Rose and her mother and sister followed the next year, settling in Chicago, Illinois. Rose attended the University of Chicago and afterward began working at \"The Chicago Daily News\", where she met her future husband, writer Ben Hecht. The pair moved to New York together in 1924, and married in 1926 after his divorce from his first wife was finalized. They'd have one daughter (actress Jenny Hecht). Over the course of her career as a writer, she wrote a number of original stage plays and novels; she also authored the 1942 film noir \"Fingers at the Window\". She appears to have worked on several films with her husband that she didn't receive credits on. She also translated plays from Russian into English for Broadway productions. During World War II, she went to work on the assembly line at an aviation plant. Ben Hecht died in 1964, and Jenny Hecht died of an accidental drug overdose in 1971. Rose was living in Nyack, New York, when she died in March 1979. Screenplays: Stage plays:   Novels:", "Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City Willys Theatre Presenting Ben Hecht's Tales of the City is a live US half-hour television anthology series. It consisted of adaptations of author Ben Hecht's stories. Hecht served as the series host. A total of seven episodes aired from June 25, 1953, to September 17, 1953, on CBS, alternating weekly with \"Four Star Playhouse\". The program is also known as Tales of the City. Among its guest stars were Gary Merrill, Madeleine Carroll, Charles Coburn, Laraine Day Wendell Corey, Hume Cronyn, and Ann Rutherford.", "His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired in 1931, when he was 20, to write additional dialogue for the film version of the 1928 play \"The Front Page\". The film would be nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 1933, he made contributions to Hecht's screenplay for \"Topaze\", along with many others, without being credited. From 1940 to 1943 Lederer worked at MGM where he wrote a series of light comedies, usually centering on mismatched couples. \" Comrade X\" (1940), written in collaboration with Ben Hecht and directed by King Vidor is the story an American in Russia (Clark Gable) who falls in love with a streetcar conductor (Hedy Lamarr). In 1942 he directed his first film, \"Fingers at the Window\", although he did not write the screenplay. He penned the screenplay for the classic 1951 science-fiction/horror film \" The Thing from Another World\", directed largely by Howard Hawks but credited to Christian Nyby and co-wrote the original 1960's \"Ocean's 11\". Lederer wrote or co-wrote screenplays (notably with Ben Hecht) for Howard Hawks's production of \"His Girl Friday\" (a remake of \"The Front Page\"), \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", and the Lewis Milestone remake of \"Mutiny on the Bounty\", starring Marlon Brando. \" His Girl Friday\" has remained his most popular and critically acclaimed screenplay. At the suggestion of the films' director, Howard Hawks, Lederer changed the sex of the lead character in the play, Hildy Johnson, from male to female. With Ben Hecht, he co-wrote the original \"Kiss of Death\" which was to feature the actor Richard Widmark's chilling debut as the psychopathic killer with a giggle.", "(Schocken /Nextbook), which has been widely praised, with Harold Bloom calling it \"a small masterpiece\" and \"The Nation\" describing it as \"a literary jewel whose pages turn like those of a well-paced thriller, but with all the chiseled elegance and flashes of linguistic surprise we associate with poetry... \"Sacred Trash\" has made history both beautiful and exciting.\" In the Jewish press, the \"Chicago Jewish Star\" called it \"captivating, with the drama of any good mystery \u2026 it has all the ingredients of a compelling work of fiction. Except that it's true.\" In 2016, Farrar, Straus and Giroux published her book, \" Till We Have Built Jerusalem: Architects of a New City,\" which \"Publishers Weekly\" calls \"a scintillating study\" and \"Haaretz\" describes as \"beautifully written . . . a captivating detective story . . . a passionate, lyrical defense of a Jerusalem that could still be,\" In February 2019 Yale University Press brought out Hoffman's \"Ben Hecht: Fighting Words, Moving Pictures\" as part of their Jewish Lives series. \"Booklist\" gave the book a starred review and called it a \"precise and lively portrait... Each phase in Hecht's adventures is electrifying ... Hoffman's concentrated biography is smartly entertaining and revelatory. \" On the publisher's website, film historian and critic Noah Isenberg describes the book as \"thoroughly absorbing, compulsively readable\" and says it \"gives a critical but sympathetic account of the pugnacious, brilliant Ben Hecht. A highly gifted storyteller, Hoffman shows just how important Hecht was in his day, and why he matters now.\"", "Selznick dismissed director George Cukor three weeks into filming and sought out Victor Fleming, who was directing \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the time. Fleming was dissatisfied with the script, so Selznick brought in famed writer Ben Hecht to rewrite the entire screenplay within five days. Hecht returned to Howard's original draft and by the end of the week had succeeded in revising the entire first half of the script. Selznick undertook rewriting the second half himself but fell behind schedule, so Howard returned to work on the script for one week, reworking several key scenes in part two. \"By the time of the film's release in 1939, there was some question as to who should receive screen credit\", writes Yeck. \" But despite the number of writers and changes, the final script was remarkably close to Howard's version. The fact that Howard's name alone appears on the credits may have been as much a gesture to his memory as to his writing, for in 1939 Sidney Howard died at age 48 in a farm-tractor accident, and before the movie's premiere.\" Selznick, in a memo written in October 1939, discussed the film's writing credits: \"[Y]ou can say frankly that of the comparatively small amount of material in the picture which is not from the book, most is my own personally, and the only original lines of dialog which are not my own are a few from Sidney Howard and a few from Ben Hecht and a couple more from John Van Druten. Offhand I doubt that there are ten original words of [Oliver] Garrett's in the whole script. As to construction, this is about eighty per cent my own, and the rest divided between Jo Swerling and Sidney Howard, with Hecht having contributed materially to the construction of one sequence.\""], "answer": {"text": "While at the Chicago Daily News, Hecht famously broke the 1921 \"Ragged Stranger Murder Case\" story, about the murder of Carl Wanderer's wife,", "answer_start": 1003}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good correspondent?", "answer": {"text": "\"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Hecht inaugurated a Daily News column called, One Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his column successful?", "answer": {"text": "His editor, Henry Justin Smith, later said it represented a new concept in journalism:", "answer_start": 418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever receive any awards for any of his columns?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4c0b91d1e9e49fab02f495cc00aca5b_0_q#6", "question": "Did he do anything else in Chicago?", "rewrite": "Besides breaking the 1921 \"Ragged Stranger Murder Case\" story, did Ben Hecht do anything else in his time in Chicago?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News. According to Barbara and Scott Siegel, \"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\" In 1921, Hecht inaugurated a Daily News column called, One Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago. While it lasted, the column was enormously influential. His editor, Henry Justin Smith, later said it represented a new concept in journalism:  the idea that just under the edge of the news as commonly understood, the news often flatly unimaginatively told, lay life; that in this urban life there dwelt the stuff of literature, not hidden in remote places, either, but walking the downtown streets, peering from the windows of sky scrapers, sunning itself in parks and boulevards. He was going to be its interpreter. His was to be the lens throwing city life into new colors, his the microscope revealing its contortions in life and death. While at the Chicago Daily News, Hecht famously broke the 1921 \"Ragged Stranger Murder Case\" story, about the murder of Carl Wanderer's wife, which led to the trial and execution of war hero Carl Wanderer. In Chicago, he also met and befriended Maxwell Bodenheim, an American poet and novelist, later known as the King of Greenwich Village Bohemians, and with whom he became a life-long friend. After concluding One Thousand and One Afternoons, Hecht went on to produce novels, plays, screenplays, and memoirs, but none of these eclipsed his early success in finding the stuff of literature in city life.", "Carl Wanderer Carl Otto Wanderer (June 26, 1895 - September 30, 1921) was a murderer famous for what became known as \"The Case of the Ragged Stranger\", wherein he murdered his wife Ruth and a \"ragged stranger\" in a bizarre plot, whose exact motivations remain unknown. The case was cracked in part by famed Chicago-based reporter and future screenwriter Ben Hecht, of the \"Chicago Daily News\" and reporter and future playwright Charles MacArthur of the \"Chicago Examiner\". Wanderer was born the son of German immigrants in Chicago in 1895. Though he dropped out of school before he reached high school, Wanderer was a hard-worker and began saving up money. By his twenties he and his father were running a successful butcher's shop. His mother, however, suffered from mental illness and committed suicide while Wanderer was a teenager. Wanderer enlisted in the Illinois Cavalry and served under John Pershing in the latter's Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa in 1916. He served with distinction and became a lieutenant in the regular Army, seeing heavy action on the Western Front in World War I as a machine gunner with the 24th Infantry Division. Wanderer claimed to have been heavily decorated, but military colleagues later cast doubt on this claim. In late 1919, he married twenty-year-old Ruth Johnson, and the two moved in with Ruth's parents. Ruth became pregnant; reportedly, Wanderer became despondent upon hearing the news and became distant towards his family. Wanderer often told friends and family that he missed the Army and wished to reenlist, implying that Ruth opposed the idea. On June 21, 1920, Wanderer and his wife were returning home from the Pershing Theater in Lincoln Square when shots rang out in the hallway of the Johnson apartment.", "When Watson showed up at the apartment, however, Wanderer shot both him and his wife with the two Colts and staged it so that Ruth's mother would think Watson had killed Ruth. Wanderer's precise motivation for the crime remains cloudy, as investigators, and Wanderer himself, offered contradictory information. The Chicago police believed he murdered Ruth to collect her money, but Hecht and Norton's accounts (despite their significant difference in details) each suggest Wanderer killed her due to an extramarital affair. Wanderer told one investigator that he killed Ruth in order to \"return to the military,\" matching comments he'd made before Ruth's murder. However, Wanderer's written confession suggests that he had simply tired of marriage, but was unwilling to obtain a divorce. Throughout his first trial, Wanderer's defense attempted to prove that he was insane, and that Wanderer's confession had been coerced. His father and sister testified to the family history of mental illness, while an Army colleague claimed that Wanderer suffered a head injury during his military service. In his testimony, Wanderer denied both killing Ruth (claiming the police had beaten him into confessing) and knowing Julia Schmitt. Wanderer's first trial ended in a hung jury but he was convicted of killing his wife in a second trial and was given a 25-year sentence for manslaughter, which outraged many Chicagoans. At the second trial, the prosecution called Julia Schmitt as a witness; the prosecutor was said to have stormed \"Kisses for Julia; bullets for Ruth\" in his summation. Wanderer was tried separately for killing the \"ragged stranger\" and was convicted of first degree murder. The court rejected efforts to proclaim him insane (after Wanderer claimed he saw visions of his dead wife in prison) and sentenced him to death.", "Davis Theater The Davis Theater, originally known as the Pershing Theater, is a first run movie theater located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Chicago. Built in 1918, the theater has operated in different capacities in its history, showing silent films, German-language films, and various forms of stage performance. In 1999, the Davis was planned to be demolished to build residential condos, but the plans were cancelled in part due to a negative response from the community. It is one of the few operating neighborhood movie theaters in Chicago. Its building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. The Pershing Theater was built in 1918 and was named after First World War General of the Armies, John J. Pershing. It is the only remaining theater of five built in Lincoln Square, and one of the few neighborhood theaters still operating in Chicago. The building was designed by architect Walter W. Ahlschlager, who was also responsible for the design of other famous buildings such as the Uptown Broadway Building in Chicago and the Roxy Theater in New York City. The Pershing opened showing silent films, its first being \"The Forbidden City\" and later \"Pals First\". In the 1930s, the Pershing was converted to show talkies at a cost of approximately $10,000 and was renamed the Davis Theater. The Pershing had some involvement in The Case of the Ragged Stranger, an infamous Chicago murder case of the early 1920s. Carl Wanderer and Ruth Johnson, husband and wife, left the theater shortly before Johnson was murdered. Although the murder was initially pinned on a stranger dressed in ragged clothing, an investigation revealed new evidence that suggested that Wanderer was, in fact, guilty of the murder. Wanderer was ultimately convicted and executed. Starting in the 1952, the theater attempted to appeal to the cultural influences in the neighborhood by showing German-language films in addition to American films.", "Rose Caylor Rose Caylor (born Rose Libman) was a Russia-born screenwriter, playwright, actress, and journalist known for her work in the U.S. in the 1920s through the 1940s. She was married to filmmaker and journalist Ben Hecht. Rose was born into a Jewish family in Vilna, Russia (modern-day Lithuania). Her father, Morris Libman, emigrated to the U.S. in 1907, and Rose and her mother and sister followed the next year, settling in Chicago, Illinois. Rose attended the University of Chicago and afterward began working at \"The Chicago Daily News\", where she met her future husband, writer Ben Hecht. The pair moved to New York together in 1924, and married in 1926 after his divorce from his first wife was finalized. They'd have one daughter (actress Jenny Hecht). Over the course of her career as a writer, she wrote a number of original stage plays and novels; she also authored the 1942 film noir \"Fingers at the Window\". She appears to have worked on several films with her husband that she didn't receive credits on. She also translated plays from Russian into English for Broadway productions. During World War II, she went to work on the assembly line at an aviation plant. Ben Hecht died in 1964, and Jenny Hecht died of an accidental drug overdose in 1971. Rose was living in Nyack, New York, when she died in March 1979. Screenplays: Stage plays:   Novels:"], "answer": {"text": "In Chicago, he also met and befriended Maxwell Bodenheim, an American poet and novelist, later known as the King of Greenwich Village Bohemians,", "answer_start": 1209}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Ben Hecht do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "From 1918 to 1919, Hecht served as war correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good correspondent?", "answer": {"text": "\"Besides being a war reporter, he was noted for being a tough crime reporter while also becoming known in Chicago literary circles.\"", "answer_start": 130, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do as a journalist?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Hecht inaugurated a Daily News column called, One Thousand and One Afternoons in Chicago.", "answer_start": 263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his column successful?", "answer": {"text": "His editor, Henry Justin Smith, later said it represented a new concept in journalism:", "answer_start": 418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever receive any awards for any of his columns?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "While at the Chicago Daily News, Hecht famously broke the 1921 \"Ragged Stranger Murder Case\" story, about the murder of Carl Wanderer's wife,", "answer_start": 1003, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4de28b654724a7e95cf557cf92604db_1_q#0", "question": "What is England calls by Peter Shilton?", "rewrite": "What is England calls by Peter Shilton?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars.", "Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton.", "Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "This was a new experience for Ramsey, as England had not needed to qualify since the 1962 competition, due to the automatic qualification given to them as hosts in 1966, and holders in 1970. On paper they were given a comfortable draw, in a three-team group with Wales and Olympic champions Poland. After a victory, and a draw with Wales, England went to Poland next, the Poles having lost their first match in Cardiff. The match was a disaster for England, who went a goal down from a free kick seven minutes into the game to a sloppy defensive error by Bobby Moore and goalkeeper Peter Shilton. This was compounded two minutes into the second half when Moore allowed W\u0142odzimierz Luba\u0144ski to dispossess him, and make it 2\u20130. To make matters worse, with less than a quarter of an hour to go, Alan Ball became the second player to be sent off while playing for England which would rule him out of the return in four months time. Three months later, Poland easily disposed of the Welsh, 3\u20130 in Chorz\u00f3w, so this meant that only a victory at Wembley against the Poles would be good enough for England to qualify. The match has passed into folklore as England, from beginning to end, created chance after chance but failed to score. England's inability to find the net was largely down to Polish goalkeeper Jan Tomaszewski. Twelve minutes into the second half, Norman Hunter \u2013 in the team for Bobby Moore, who was about to see his international career end with a record 108 caps, made a costly mistake. Running towards a ball by the touch-line near halfway, he made to control the ball, but Grzegorz Lato intercepted, raced away and squared the ball for Jan Domarski whose shot squirmed under Peter Shilton's body.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property."], "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f4de28b654724a7e95cf557cf92604db_1_q#1", "question": "What did he play?", "rewrite": "What did Peter Shilton play?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Then came five early September goals conceded in losing 3\u20130 at Arsenal and beating Wolves 3\u20132 at home. Peter Shilton then signed for a record fee for a goalkeeper of \u00a3325,000. Taylor reasoned: \"Shilton wins you matches.\" 20 year old John Middleton was first team goalkeeper pre-Shilton. Middleton later in the month went in part exchange with \u00a325,000 to Derby County for Archie Gemmill transferring to Forest. Gemmill was another Scottish former 1972 Derby title winner. Forest lost only three of their first 16 league games, the last of which was at Leeds United on 19 November 1977. They lost only one further game all season, an 11 March FA Cup sixth round defeat at West Bromwich Albion. Forest won the 1977\u201378 Football League seven-points ahead of runners-up Liverpool. Forest became one of the few teams (and the most recent team to date) to win the First Division title the season after winning promotion from the Second Division. This made Clough the third of four managers to win the English league championship with two different clubs. Forest conceded just 24 goals in 42 league games. They beat Liverpool 1\u20130 in the 1978 Football League Cup Final replay, despite cup-tied Shilton, Gemmill and December signing David Needham not playing. Chris Woods chalked up two clean sheets in the final covering Shilton's league cup absence. McGovern missed the replay through injury, and Burns lifted the trophy as the stand-in captain. Robertson's penalty was the only goal of the game. Forest started season 1978\u201379 by beating Ipswich Town 5\u20130 for an FA Community Shield record win. In the 1978\u201379 European Cup they were drawn to play the trophy winners of the two previous seasons, Liverpool. Home goals by Birtles and Colin Barrett put Forest through 2\u20130 on aggregate.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property.", "Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton.", "Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars."], "answer": {"text": "Shilton unable to stop both goals", "answer_start": 185}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is England calls by Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4de28b654724a7e95cf557cf92604db_1_q#2", "question": "How did the team do?", "rewrite": "How did Peter Shilton's team do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property.", "Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton.", "Then came five early September goals conceded in losing 3\u20130 at Arsenal and beating Wolves 3\u20132 at home. Peter Shilton then signed for a record fee for a goalkeeper of \u00a3325,000. Taylor reasoned: \"Shilton wins you matches.\" 20 year old John Middleton was first team goalkeeper pre-Shilton. Middleton later in the month went in part exchange with \u00a325,000 to Derby County for Archie Gemmill transferring to Forest. Gemmill was another Scottish former 1972 Derby title winner. Forest lost only three of their first 16 league games, the last of which was at Leeds United on 19 November 1977. They lost only one further game all season, an 11 March FA Cup sixth round defeat at West Bromwich Albion. Forest won the 1977\u201378 Football League seven-points ahead of runners-up Liverpool. Forest became one of the few teams (and the most recent team to date) to win the First Division title the season after winning promotion from the Second Division. This made Clough the third of four managers to win the English league championship with two different clubs. Forest conceded just 24 goals in 42 league games. They beat Liverpool 1\u20130 in the 1978 Football League Cup Final replay, despite cup-tied Shilton, Gemmill and December signing David Needham not playing. Chris Woods chalked up two clean sheets in the final covering Shilton's league cup absence. McGovern missed the replay through injury, and Burns lifted the trophy as the stand-in captain. Robertson's penalty was the only goal of the game. Forest started season 1978\u201379 by beating Ipswich Town 5\u20130 for an FA Community Shield record win. In the 1978\u201379 European Cup they were drawn to play the trophy winners of the two previous seasons, Liverpool. Home goals by Birtles and Colin Barrett put Forest through 2\u20130 on aggregate.", "Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars."], "answer": {"text": "a 2-0 defeat and therefore making victory in the final qualifier, against the same opposition at Wembley four months later, a necessity if England were to make the finals.", "answer_start": 222}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is England calls by Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he play?", "answer": {"text": "Shilton unable to stop both goals", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4de28b654724a7e95cf557cf92604db_1_q#3", "question": "Did they make the finals?", "rewrite": "Did Peter Shilton's team make the finals?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars.", "Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "Then came five early September goals conceded in losing 3\u20130 at Arsenal and beating Wolves 3\u20132 at home. Peter Shilton then signed for a record fee for a goalkeeper of \u00a3325,000. Taylor reasoned: \"Shilton wins you matches.\" 20 year old John Middleton was first team goalkeeper pre-Shilton. Middleton later in the month went in part exchange with \u00a325,000 to Derby County for Archie Gemmill transferring to Forest. Gemmill was another Scottish former 1972 Derby title winner. Forest lost only three of their first 16 league games, the last of which was at Leeds United on 19 November 1977. They lost only one further game all season, an 11 March FA Cup sixth round defeat at West Bromwich Albion. Forest won the 1977\u201378 Football League seven-points ahead of runners-up Liverpool. Forest became one of the few teams (and the most recent team to date) to win the First Division title the season after winning promotion from the Second Division. This made Clough the third of four managers to win the English league championship with two different clubs. Forest conceded just 24 goals in 42 league games. They beat Liverpool 1\u20130 in the 1978 Football League Cup Final replay, despite cup-tied Shilton, Gemmill and December signing David Needham not playing. Chris Woods chalked up two clean sheets in the final covering Shilton's league cup absence. McGovern missed the replay through injury, and Burns lifted the trophy as the stand-in captain. Robertson's penalty was the only goal of the game. Forest started season 1978\u201379 by beating Ipswich Town 5\u20130 for an FA Community Shield record win. In the 1978\u201379 European Cup they were drawn to play the trophy winners of the two previous seasons, Liverpool. Home goals by Birtles and Colin Barrett put Forest through 2\u20130 on aggregate.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property.", "Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is England calls by Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he play?", "answer": {"text": "Shilton unable to stop both goals", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did the team do?", "answer": {"text": "a 2-0 defeat and therefore making victory in the final qualifier, against the same opposition at Wembley four months later, a necessity if England were to make the finals.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4de28b654724a7e95cf557cf92604db_1_q#4", "question": "Was there anything else interesting in the article?", "rewrite": "Was there anything else interesting in the article, aside from a 2-0 defeat?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "Sudden changes in the markets may also be announced throughout the game, giving the player the chance to make a quick profit. A reviewer for \"Next Generation\" focused on the lack of anything to do in the game besides bid for landing rights and choose cargo: \"No cut-throat strategy for undermining the competition's prices, no sabotage of trading routes, no space battles - not even the occasional price war.\" He recommended that players get \"much better\" business sims such as \"Transport Tycoon\" or \"Capitalism\" instead, and gave it 1 out of 5 stars. World Village (Gamer's Zone) wrote \"The plot was a little thin for my taste, but if reading the business section of the paper excites you, then this game would be a must for you. The main weakness that I see in this program is lack of originality. I see parts of Railroad Tycoon, Civilization, Sim City among others, as well as the obvious connection to Air bucks v1.2. Nothing wrong with recycling older programs, especially as hardware improvements allow the newer versions to make improvements on game performance. That is what happened with this game. Unfortunately, it has a rushed feeling and fails to capitalize on the improvements there were put in the game.\" \"Computer Gaming World\" said \"If you love to create ornate moving sculptures that generate endless money but do very little else interesting, then SPACE BUCKS will have some appeal for you. Set at its hardest level, the game offers two or three hours of challenge before your empire grows to the point that nothing can really harm it and you simply sit around absorbing planets from your competitors and doing more and more unwieldy upgrades to your entire fleet. Other than that, it is pretty to look at, but definitely no AIR BUCKS in Space.\"", "Though the two had attended the University of South Dakota at the same time, they had never met. Frantz continued to write until his death in 1993. In the 1950s, Yellow Robe appeared as a regular on NBC children's programs and was featured on Robert Montgomery Presents. In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national publicity tour for the movie \"\"Broken Arrow\". \" The movie, directed by Delmer Daves, starred James Stewart as Tom Jeffords, Jeff Chandler as Cochise and Jay Silverheels as Geronimo. The film is based on historical figures but fictionalizes their story in dramatized form. \" Broken Arrow\" was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won a Golden Globe award for \"Best Film Promoting International Understanding.\" Film historians reported that the movie was one of the first major Westerns since the Second World War to portray the Indians sympathetically. Rosebud was interviewed by newspapers during the tour and explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca. \" The Americans decided that she must be royalty, so they made her \"princess. \" It's an old English rather an old Indian custom.\" Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen and television to \"a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" Rosebud Yellow Robe authored two children's books. \u201d \"An Album of the American Indian\"\u201d, published in 1969, highlights centuries of Native American history depicting the daily lives of seven different Indian tribes prior to European contact.", "\"Broken Arrow\", however, is noteworthy for being one of the first post-war Westerns to portray Native Americans in a balanced, sympathetic way \u2013 although most of the Indians were played by white actors, with Brooklyn-born Jeff Chandler portraying Apache leader Cochise. An exception was that Native Canadian Mohawk actor Jay Silverheels was noted for his role as Geronimo in the film. Some scholars have said that the film appealed to an ideal of tolerance and racial equality that would influence later Westerns and indicate Hollywood's response to the Indian's evolving role in American society. \" Chronicle of the Cinema\" praised the film: \"Based on verifiable fact, it faithfully evokes the historical relationship between Cochise and Jeffords, marking a historical rehabilitation of Indians in the cinema.\" In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe, a Native American folklorist, educator, and author, was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national tour to promote the film. Rosebud explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca\". Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen, and television to \"... a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" The Apache Wedding Prayer was written for this movie. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:  \"Broken Arrow\" was dramatized as an hour-long radio play on January 22, 1951, starring Burt Lancaster and Debra Paget. It was also presented as a half-hour broadcast of \"Screen Director's Playhouse\" on September 7, 1951, with James Stewart and Jeff Chandler in their original film roles."], "answer": {"text": "Shilton could begin to regard himself as his country's number two goalkeeper at the age of 22.", "answer_start": 681}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is England calls by Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he play?", "answer": {"text": "Shilton unable to stop both goals", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did the team do?", "answer": {"text": "a 2-0 defeat and therefore making victory in the final qualifier, against the same opposition at Wembley four months later, a necessity if England were to make the finals.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they make the finals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4de28b654724a7e95cf557cf92604db_1_q#5", "question": "How many years did he play?", "rewrite": "How many years did Peter Shilton play?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton.", "Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars.", "Then came five early September goals conceded in losing 3\u20130 at Arsenal and beating Wolves 3\u20132 at home. Peter Shilton then signed for a record fee for a goalkeeper of \u00a3325,000. Taylor reasoned: \"Shilton wins you matches.\" 20 year old John Middleton was first team goalkeeper pre-Shilton. Middleton later in the month went in part exchange with \u00a325,000 to Derby County for Archie Gemmill transferring to Forest. Gemmill was another Scottish former 1972 Derby title winner. Forest lost only three of their first 16 league games, the last of which was at Leeds United on 19 November 1977. They lost only one further game all season, an 11 March FA Cup sixth round defeat at West Bromwich Albion. Forest won the 1977\u201378 Football League seven-points ahead of runners-up Liverpool. Forest became one of the few teams (and the most recent team to date) to win the First Division title the season after winning promotion from the Second Division. This made Clough the third of four managers to win the English league championship with two different clubs. Forest conceded just 24 goals in 42 league games. They beat Liverpool 1\u20130 in the 1978 Football League Cup Final replay, despite cup-tied Shilton, Gemmill and December signing David Needham not playing. Chris Woods chalked up two clean sheets in the final covering Shilton's league cup absence. McGovern missed the replay through injury, and Burns lifted the trophy as the stand-in captain. Robertson's penalty was the only goal of the game. Forest started season 1978\u201379 by beating Ipswich Town 5\u20130 for an FA Community Shield record win. In the 1978\u201379 European Cup they were drawn to play the trophy winners of the two previous seasons, Liverpool. Home goals by Birtles and Colin Barrett put Forest through 2\u20130 on aggregate.", "Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is England calls by Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he play?", "answer": {"text": "Shilton unable to stop both goals", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did the team do?", "answer": {"text": "a 2-0 defeat and therefore making victory in the final qualifier, against the same opposition at Wembley four months later, a necessity if England were to make the finals.", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they make the finals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anything else interesting in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Shilton could begin to regard himself as his country's number two goalkeeper at the age of 22.", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#0", "question": "What is Melungeon about?", "rewrite": "What is Melungeon about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Vardy Community School The Vardy Community School was a Presbyterian mission school established in the Vardy community of Hancock County, Tennessee, United States, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. At the time of its founding, the school was the only institution providing primary education to children of the multi-racial Melungeon communities, who lived in the remote mountainous areas along the Tennessee-Virginia border. Part of a segregated system, it was restricted to children considered black or multiracial. Presbyterian missionaries operated the school until 1955; following the United States Supreme Court decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" (1954) ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, it became part of the Hancock County public school system. In 1984, the school and the structures associated with the mission community that developed around it were designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vardy Community School Historic District. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, dozens of settlement schools and mission schools were established across rural Appalachia. In 1892 the Presbyterian Church decided to build such a school at Vardy, a community located near the heart of Melungeon country in the Blackwater Creek Valley. Over the next forty-five years, the mission school complex expanded to include a three-story frame schoolhouse, a church, a manse, a library, and several residences for teachers and children. Although the schoolhouse has collapsed, the school's alumni and other historical groups have preserved its ruins and related structures as a historic site. In 2000, the 19th-century log cabin belonging to Melungeon moonshiner Mahala Mullins was relocated to a site across the street from the Vardy School district.", "Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are often referred to as \"Mayles\" (from the most common surname \u2014 Mayle or Male) or \"Guineas\" (now considered a pejorative term). The group has been the subject of county histories and some scholarly studies. Some scholars have classified this group as a tri-racial isolate. Thomas McElwain wrote that many CRP identified as an Indian-white mixed group, or as Native American, but they are not enrolled in any officially recognized tribe. Paul Heinegg documented that many individuals were classified as free people of color, or similar terms in a variety of colonial, local and state records. Some CRP have identified as Melungeon, a mixed-race group based in Kentucky and Tennessee, and attended the Melungeon unions, or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association. In 1997 two local historians made a presentation about the \"Guineas of West Virginia\" at the University of Virginia's College at Wise. In the early days, Barbour County was settled primarily by people from eastern Virginia. It was included in the colony and then state of Virginia until West Virginia was admitted to the union as a separate state during the American Civil War. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community, and their descendants identified as white. Some of the men served in West Virginia Union regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that a dozen men successfully petitioned the courts to be declared legally white after serving in the war for the Union.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law."], "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#1", "question": "What do the others say", "rewrite": "What do the others say about the ancestry and identity of Melungeons?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carmel Indians The Carmel Indians (pronounced \"Car'-mul\") are a group of Melungeons who have lived in Highland County in Ohio. They are descendants and relatives of the Melungeons of Kentucky, also a group of mixed-race ancestry. Anthropologists described both groups as among the \"little races\" and as tri-racial isolates. The Carmel Indians migrated from Kentucky to Ohio during the 19th century. The mixed-race Melungeons often called themselves American Indians, as did people outside the group, who tried to explain their physical characteristics. This was one way they could evade some of the racial barriers of antebellum and post-Civil War years. Outsiders called them Indians to explain aspects of the differences between their appearance and that of their mostly European neighbors. They found an adaptive way to evade some of the pressures that intensified in some areas after the Civil War of the binary division of society into black and white races. As Paul Heinegg (1997) has delineated, the earliest ancestry of eight of the nine common names among the Melungeons in Magoffin County, Kentucky, go back to African Americans free in Virginia before the American Revolution. Most of the free African Americans were children of early unions between white women, indentured servant or free, and African men, indentured servant, free, or slave. Since the mothers were white, their children were free born. Through the years, there may have been some marriages of Native Americans into the group as they migrated to North Carolina, then into Kentucky and Ohio. One family name has been associated with the Saponi of North Carolina.", "She lectured to sailors on patriotic topics. Dromgoole wrote a series of articles on the Southeastern ethnic group known as the Melungeons, published in the Nashville \"Daily American\" (1890) and the \"Boston Arena\" (1891). This historically mixed-race group was then living mostly in northeastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, and eastern Kentucky. Her derogatory comments about them, while based more on hearsay than fact, expressed the biases about mountain people typical of her society and the period in which she was writing. Since the early 20th century, Melungeons have increasingly intermarried with European Americans and integrated into mainstream white society. She wrote more than 7,500 poems, among them \"The Bridge Builder\". An excerpt appears on a plaque on the Bellows Fall-Vilas Bridge between the two respective cities in Vermont and New Hampshire. It spans the Connecticut River. The poem is also frequently quoted in a religious context or in writings stressing a moral lesson. It has become a favorite of motivational speakers. In addition, Dromgoole wrote 5,000 articles or essays, and published thirteen books, including a novel about the Melungeons (at the time she referred to them as Malungeons, one of numerous spelling variations on the name.)", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Gulddreng  Malte Fynboe Manniche Ebert, better known by his former moniker Gulddreng, is a Danish musician. His identity was unknown until his host family father from an exchange trip announced his name on Facebook. His name translates to \"gold boy\", or \"golden boy\" in English. As Gulddreng, Ebert was known for always wearing sunglasses, which helped obscure his identity. His first seven singles, \"Model\", \"Se mig nu\", \"Hva' s\u00e5\", \"Drikker for lidt\", \"Nemt\", \"Guld jul\" and \"Ked af det\", all peaked at number 1 in Denmark, with \"Se mig nu\", \"Drikker for lidt\", \"Guld jul\" and \"Ked af det\" debuting at the top spot. On September 7, 2016, Ebert as Gulddreng also released his own official app on the App Store. The app is developed by Thorwest Development. In September 2017, Ebert stopped using the moniker Gulddreng and began going by his real name, Malte Ebert. He said he created the moniker as a \"reaction to bad pop music\". In June 2018, he released \"Rather Be\", his first single as Malte Ebert."], "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#2", "question": "What could be be said", "rewrite": "What could be be said about Melungeons?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carmel Indians The Carmel Indians (pronounced \"Car'-mul\") are a group of Melungeons who have lived in Highland County in Ohio. They are descendants and relatives of the Melungeons of Kentucky, also a group of mixed-race ancestry. Anthropologists described both groups as among the \"little races\" and as tri-racial isolates. The Carmel Indians migrated from Kentucky to Ohio during the 19th century. The mixed-race Melungeons often called themselves American Indians, as did people outside the group, who tried to explain their physical characteristics. This was one way they could evade some of the racial barriers of antebellum and post-Civil War years. Outsiders called them Indians to explain aspects of the differences between their appearance and that of their mostly European neighbors. They found an adaptive way to evade some of the pressures that intensified in some areas after the Civil War of the binary division of society into black and white races. As Paul Heinegg (1997) has delineated, the earliest ancestry of eight of the nine common names among the Melungeons in Magoffin County, Kentucky, go back to African Americans free in Virginia before the American Revolution. Most of the free African Americans were children of early unions between white women, indentured servant or free, and African men, indentured servant, free, or slave. Since the mothers were white, their children were free born. Through the years, there may have been some marriages of Native Americans into the group as they migrated to North Carolina, then into Kentucky and Ohio. One family name has been associated with the Saponi of North Carolina.", "She lectured to sailors on patriotic topics. Dromgoole wrote a series of articles on the Southeastern ethnic group known as the Melungeons, published in the Nashville \"Daily American\" (1890) and the \"Boston Arena\" (1891). This historically mixed-race group was then living mostly in northeastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, and eastern Kentucky. Her derogatory comments about them, while based more on hearsay than fact, expressed the biases about mountain people typical of her society and the period in which she was writing. Since the early 20th century, Melungeons have increasingly intermarried with European Americans and integrated into mainstream white society. She wrote more than 7,500 poems, among them \"The Bridge Builder\". An excerpt appears on a plaque on the Bellows Fall-Vilas Bridge between the two respective cities in Vermont and New Hampshire. It spans the Connecticut River. The poem is also frequently quoted in a religious context or in writings stressing a moral lesson. It has become a favorite of motivational speakers. In addition, Dromgoole wrote 5,000 articles or essays, and published thirteen books, including a novel about the Melungeons (at the time she referred to them as Malungeons, one of numerous spelling variations on the name.)", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Gulddreng  Malte Fynboe Manniche Ebert, better known by his former moniker Gulddreng, is a Danish musician. His identity was unknown until his host family father from an exchange trip announced his name on Facebook. His name translates to \"gold boy\", or \"golden boy\" in English. As Gulddreng, Ebert was known for always wearing sunglasses, which helped obscure his identity. His first seven singles, \"Model\", \"Se mig nu\", \"Hva' s\u00e5\", \"Drikker for lidt\", \"Nemt\", \"Guld jul\" and \"Ked af det\", all peaked at number 1 in Denmark, with \"Se mig nu\", \"Drikker for lidt\", \"Guld jul\" and \"Ked af det\" debuting at the top spot. On September 7, 2016, Ebert as Gulddreng also released his own official app on the App Store. The app is developed by Thorwest Development. In September 2017, Ebert stopped using the moniker Gulddreng and began going by his real name, Malte Ebert. He said he created the moniker as a \"reaction to bad pop music\". In June 2018, he released \"Rather Be\", his first single as Malte Ebert.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames."], "answer": {"text": "They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried,", "answer_start": 225}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the others say", "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#3", "question": "Who was this about", "rewrite": "Who was the description of being a loose collection of families with diverse origins about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Global justice movement The global justice movement is a network of globalized social movements opposing what is often known as the \u201ccorporate globalization\u201d and promoting equal distribution of economic resources. The global justice movement describes the loose collection of individuals and groups\u2014often referred to as a \u201cmovement of movements\u201d\u2014who advocate fair trade rules and are negative to current institutions of global economics such as the World Trade Organization. The movement is often labeled the anti-globalization movement by the mainstream media. Those involved, however, frequently deny that they are anti-globalization, insisting that they support the globalization of communication and people and oppose only the global expansion of corporate power. The term further indicates an anti-capitalist and universalist perspective on globalization, distinguishing the movement from those opponents of globalization whose politics are based on a conservative defence of national sovereignty. It is, however, argued by some scholars of social movements, that a new concept of justice, alongside some old notions, underlies many critical ideas and practices developed in this movement. S. A. Hamed Hosseini coins this new mode of conceptualizing justice \"accommodative justice\" and argues that both the unique nature of the movement and the global complexities of the post-Cold War era can be accounted for the rise of such notion. According to him, \"this new concept of justice has emerged from many activists\u2019 experiences of and reflections on the complexities of globalization\". Important organizational pillars of the movement are Via Campesina, the family farmers' international; Peoples' Global Action, a loose collection of often youthful groups; Jubilee 2000, the Christian-based movement for relieving international debt; Friends of the Earth, the environmentalist international; and some think-tanks like Focus on the Global South and Third World Network, as well as some large internationalist and transnational trade union organisations.", "Tatwine's collection was then expanded to 100 by someone writing under the name Eusebius (traditionally but not securely identified with the Abbot of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory Hw\u00e6tberht) through the prefacing of a further sixty \"enigmata\", of which 1-4 are on the chain of being, from God to Man, 5-11 mostly on cosmological phenomena, 12-29 a miscellaneous collection mostly of objects, 30-36 mostly on writing, and 37-60 on animals. Many are based on the encyclopaedic writing of Isidore of Seville. Tatwine and Eusebius's riddles survive in the same two manuscripts, London, British Library, Royal 12.C.xxiii (early C11) and Cambridge, University Library, Gg.5.35 (mid-C11). The Lorsch riddles are also thought to have been composed in Anglo-Saxon England. An example of an \"enigma\" by Aldhelm is his \"Elleborus\", by which word Aldhelm understood not the hellebore, but woody nightshade. It is number 98 in his collection: The Exeter Book contains secular and religious poems and other writings, along with a collection of around 94 riddles (scholars debate precisely how many there are because divisions between poems are not always clear). There is speculation that there may once have been, or have been intended to be, 100 riddles in the book, since this would match the Latin collections discussed above. The riddles are all written in alliterative verse, and frequently end with an injunction to 'say what I am called', suggesting that they were indeed recited as verbal entertainment; yet they clearly have diverse origins.", "Often there would be times when the ASR boat could not go out to search for downed aircrew, and the RNLI lifeboat based at , would perform the searches instead. Boats selected for the ASR role were fitted with machine guns in case of aerial attack whilst in the North Sea. The base was also used for initial recruit training between 1941 and 1944 as No. 14 and No. 20 Initial Training Wing (ITW), which were part of No. 54 Group RAF. The station headquarters was a requisitioned hotel (the Brentwood Hotel, replacing an earlier HQ at Southcliffe Hotel) with recruits and serving airman billeted locally in houses and hotel rooms. Besides recruit training, RAF Bridlington was a loose collection of basic RAF schools. Other training at Bridlington included sea-ditching drills (by jumping off the pier in the harbour), morse code training and an Elementary Air Gunnery School. Air Gunnery courses at Bridlington typically lasted for six weeks. Logistics schools were also opened in the town, especially after RAF Cranwell became overcrowded. As with the other training schools, it was divided up between several buildings and the headquarters was in the Alexandra Hotel in the town. Nearby Sewerby Hall was also requisitioned as an RAF hospital which was used by sick personnel from RAF Bridlington, RAF Carnaby, RAF Catfoss and RAF Lissett. In 1943, Nos 18 and 19 ITW were merged to form No. 70 ITW at Bridlington. During the Second World War, the loose collection of schools and units were known collectively as RAF Bridlington. However, RAF Carnaby, an emergency airfield to the south-west of Bridlington was also known locally as RAF Bridlington, which caused some confusion.", "Around three hundred medieval manuscripts are deposited in the Library: about 100 are in Welsh. The manuscript collection amalgamated a number of entire collections that were acquired in the early years of the Library's existence, including the Hengwrt-Peniarth, Mostyn, Llanstephan, Panton, Cwrtmawr, Wrexham and Aberdare manuscripts. The Welsh manuscripts in these foundation collections were catalogued by Dr J. Gwenogvryn Evans in the \"Reports on manuscripts in the Welsh language\" that he compiled for the Historic Manuscripts Commission. The Peniarth Manuscripts collection is considered to be of global significance and the most important collection of manuscripts in the National Library of Wales. In 2010, it was included in the UK Memory of the World Register of documentary heritage. Of the 561 volumes of manuscripts in the Peniarth collection, some four-fifths were collected by Robert Vaughan (c. 1592\u20131667) for his library in Hengwrt, Meirioneth. Three of the Four Ancient Books of Wales are part of the Peniarth collection, and this is indicative of the overall quality of the manuscripts and their importance as part of Welsh heritage. There are, however, also manuscripts in Cornish, Latin and English that are themselves noteworthy. The collection includes: The Llanstephan Collection of manuscripts was donated to the National Library of Wales by Sir John Williams in 1909. It had been his personal collection, which he kept in the library of his home, Llanstephan mansion, Carmarthenshire. The collection is composed of the 154 manuscripts which had belonged to Moses Williams (1685\u20131742), that were purchased from Shirburn Castle, Oxfordshire and other manuscripts of diverse origins collected by Sir John.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames."], "answer": {"text": "mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia.", "answer_start": 370}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the others say", "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What could be be said", "answer": {"text": "They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#4", "question": "What where the ancetors about", "rewrite": "What where the Melungeon ancestors about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a review, the Quincy \"Herald-Whig\" described the book as \"a memoir and historical commentary on the lives of his parents, Harry and Rose, and what impacted the family during their stays in various parts of west-central, central, and southern Illinois. \" The \"Herald-Whig's\" review observed that Harry Forrester, coach of the men's basketball team at Quincy College (now Quincy University) from 1954 to 1957, \"eventually earned as much respect for his decision to play five black players as he did for leading the Hawks to their first national tournament appearance. \" The \"Herald-Whig's\" review noted that \"Harry Forrester did not spend much time in Quincy, but it's safe to say his impact will be remembered forever\", recalling that his landmark coaching decision \"came at the height of racial insensitivity in the mid-to-late 1950s and was a full decade before Texas Western (now UTEP) started five black players in what is now the NCAA Division I national championship game. A movie was made about that Texas Western team, but outside of Quincy, only a handful of people to this day realize history was first made [by Forrester and his players] in West-Central Illinois.\" A review of \"Blaw, Hunter\" in the \"Effingham Daily News\" observed that most of the memoir takes place in the first half of the twentieth century \"in the small slice of Illinois centered in Montgomery and Christian counties \u2013 in towns like Raymond, Harvel, and Morrisonville\", but that Forrester's memoir also \"reaches back to the 16th century and his Melungeon ancestors.\" Forrester's story \"A Kilgore Trout Moment\" appeared in \"The Legal Studies Forum\" in 2010.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Lisa Alther Lisa Alther (born July 23, 1944 in Kingsport, Tennessee) is an American author and novelist. She graduated from Wellesley College with a B.A. in English literature in 1966. Alther is the author of six novels, \"Kinflicks\", \"Original Sins\", \"Other Women\", \"Bedrock\", \"Five Minutes In Heaven\", \"and Washed in the Blood,\" as well as a small number of published short stories and many magazine articles. She has also written two non-fiction books, \"Kinfolks: Falling Off the Family Tree\u2014the Search for My Melungeon Ancestors\" (2007; ) and \"Blood Feud: The Hatfields and the McCoys: The Epic Story of Murder and Vengeance\" (2012; ). Between 1978 and 1980, Alther lived in London. Having became friends with the writer Doris Lessing, Lessing took an interest in her novel \"Kinflicks\" and helped get the work published in London, through a contact of hers, Bob Gottlieb at the publisher, Alfred A. Knopf. It was through Doris Lessing that Alther met the writer, thinker and teacher of Sufi mysticism, Idries Shah. Shah had adapted many Sufi classical works and teaching stories for contemporary readers, and, taking a great interest in these works, Alther read them all, and she also wrote reviews for Shah's books, such as \"World Tales\".", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English."], "answer": {"text": "Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas.", "answer_start": 478}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the others say", "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What could be be said", "answer": {"text": "They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was this about", "answer": {"text": "mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia.", "answer_start": 370, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#5", "question": "What was the marriage about", "rewrite": "What was the Melungeon marriage about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Vardy Collins and Shep Gibson had settled in Hancock County, and they and other Melungeons are documented by land deeds, slave sales and marriage licenses. Other researchers include the surnames Powell, LeBon, Bolling, Bunch, Goins, Goodman, Heard, Minor, Mise, those Mullins who are not descended from Booker Mullins (1768-1864) , and several others. Descendants of Booker Mullins are excluded because 1) the Mullins Y-DNA Project in Virginia confirmed that Booker was the son of Sherwood/Sherrod Adkins and is not a \"true Mullins\" and 2) DNA-tests of Booker's descendants do not have an Melungeon markers in their DNA. (Family lines have to be researched individually, as not all families with these surnames are Melungeon.) As with many other surname groups, not all families with each surname have the same racial background and ancestry. The original meaning of the word \"Melungeon\" is obscure (see Etymology below). From about the mid-19th to the late 20th centuries, it referred exclusively to one tri-racial isolate group, the descendants of the multiracial Collins, Gibson, and several other related families at Newman's Ridge, Vardy Valley, and other settlements in and around Hancock and Hawkins counties, Tennessee.", "Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are often referred to as \"Mayles\" (from the most common surname \u2014 Mayle or Male) or \"Guineas\" (now considered a pejorative term). The group has been the subject of county histories and some scholarly studies. Some scholars have classified this group as a tri-racial isolate. Thomas McElwain wrote that many CRP identified as an Indian-white mixed group, or as Native American, but they are not enrolled in any officially recognized tribe. Paul Heinegg documented that many individuals were classified as free people of color, or similar terms in a variety of colonial, local and state records. Some CRP have identified as Melungeon, a mixed-race group based in Kentucky and Tennessee, and attended the Melungeon unions, or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association. In 1997 two local historians made a presentation about the \"Guineas of West Virginia\" at the University of Virginia's College at Wise. In the early days, Barbour County was settled primarily by people from eastern Virginia. It was included in the colony and then state of Virginia until West Virginia was admitted to the union as a separate state during the American Civil War. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community, and their descendants identified as white. Some of the men served in West Virginia Union regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that a dozen men successfully petitioned the courts to be declared legally white after serving in the war for the Union."], "answer": {"text": "They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900.", "answer_start": 561}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the others say", "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What could be be said", "answer": {"text": "They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was this about", "answer": {"text": "mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia.", "answer_start": 370, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the ancetors about", "answer": {"text": "Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas.", "answer_start": 478, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#6", "question": "What did this cause", "rewrite": "What did endogamous Melungeon marriages cause?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arranged marriages still happen in the Arab world. The traditions of conservative Arab society and Islam forbid couples to have sex or socialize before marriage (however forced marriages are against Islamic teachings). Therefore, when it is time for a young man to get married, his family will look around to identify a number of potential brides. Arranged marriage is a tradition of Arab nations of West Asia and North Africa, but with the difference that between 17% to majority of all marriages in these countries are also consanguineous marriages. In Saudi Arabia, majority (65%+) of all marriages are endogamous and consanguineous arranged marriages. More than 40% of all marriages are endogamous and consanguineous in Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Yemen, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Sudan, Libya and Mauritania; and over 1 in 5 marriages in Egypt and Algeria. Among these Arab people, arranged marriages include endogamous and non-consanguineous marriages, and therefore exceed the above observed rates of endogamous and consanguineous marriages. Arab Christians such as Coptic Christians in Egypt. Marriage was a central feature of traditional Aboriginal societies. Freedom of marriage was restricted to ensure children were produced according to the correct family groups and affiliations and avoid marriages with certain close relatives or marriages with any one outside the group. Nevertheless, opinions vary on whether the phenomenon should be seen as exclusively based on Islamic practices as a 1992 study among Arabs in Jordan did not show significant differences between Christian Arabs or Muslim Arabs when comparing the occurrence of consanguinity. Traditionally, the process of investigation takes into consideration the girls' physical beauty, her behavior, her cleanliness, her education and finally her qualities as a housewife. In carrying out this traditional investigation parents also take the behaviour of the prospective bride's family into account.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law."], "answer": {"text": "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "answer_start": 651}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the others say", "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What could be be said", "answer": {"text": "They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was this about", "answer": {"text": "mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia.", "answer_start": 370, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the ancetors about", "answer": {"text": "Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas.", "answer_start": 478, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the marriage about", "answer": {"text": "They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#7", "question": "What did this change", "rewrite": "What did the definition of Melungeon as having multiracial ancestry change?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other."], "answer": {"text": "Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion.", "answer_start": 844}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the others say", "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What could be be said", "answer": {"text": "They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was this about", "answer": {"text": "mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia.", "answer_start": 370, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the ancetors about", "answer": {"text": "Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas.", "answer_start": 478, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the marriage about", "answer": {"text": "They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this cause", "answer": {"text": "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_1_q#8", "question": "What did this mean", "rewrite": "What did Melungeons having dark hair and eyes and darker complexions mean?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sun Horse, Moon Horse Sun Horse, Moon Horse is a historical novel for children written by Rosemary Sutcliff and published in 1977. It takes place in Bronze Age Britain, telling the tale of a chieftain's son of the Iceni who is caught up in a conflict with the neighboring Attribates, and plays an instrumental part in creating a monumental Hill figure while working to save his tribe. The story revolves around Lubrin Dhu, a younger son of the chieftain, who takes after the Little Dark People who predated the Celtic settlers of the Iceni tribe; and whose name \"Dhu\" is related to Gaelic \"Dubh\", reflecting his darker appearance. Much is made of cultural differences between the reigning Celts, who are associated with fair hair and skin, and the original Chthonic Little Dark People, who are associated with darker complexions and a closeness with the earth. This cultural contrast again comes to fore when the Iceni, being associated with the moon, are subjugated by the Attribates, who are associated with the Sun. Lubrin Dhu's upbringing allows the reader to witness the culture of his people, from a somewhat \"outside\" point of view, as he is considered different from his people, on account of his darker color, reserved personality, and attraction to art. His people are matrilineal, with leadership going to the husband of Lubrin's sister. His father's status as chieftain derives from being married to the \"woman of the tribe\", and is intertwined with his duty to lay down his life for the tribe if needed, a duty which later descends to Lubrin Dhu.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Aeta people The Aeta (Ayta ; Kapampangan: \"\u00e1it\u00e2\"), or Agta, are an indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of the island of Luzon, the Philippines. These people are considered to be Negritos, whose skin ranges from dark to very dark brown, and possessing features such as a small stature and frame; hair of a curly to kinky texture and a higher frequency of naturally lighter colour (blondism) relative to the general population, small nose, and dark brown eyes. They are thought to be among the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines, preceding the Austronesian migrations. The Aeta were included in the group of people named \"Negrito\" during the Spanish Era. Various Aeta groups in northern Luzon are named \"Pugut\" or \"Pugot\", an Ilocano term that also means \"goblin\" or \"forest spirit\", and is the colloquial term for people with darker complexions. The Aeta people in the Philippines are often grouped with other Negritos and the Australo-Melanesians, which includes other groups such as Aborigines in Australia; Papuans; and the Melanesians of the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, and the French overseas special collectivity of New Caledonia. The history of the Aetas continues to confound anthropologists and archaeologists. One theory suggests that the Aeta are the descendants of the original inhabitants of the Philippines, who, contrary to their seafaring Austronesian neighbors, arrived through land bridges that linked the islands with the Asian mainland. Unlike many of their Austronesian counterparts, the Aetas have shown resistance to change. Aetas had little interaction with the Spaniards as they remained in the mountains during the Spanish rule.", "Gulddreng  Malte Fynboe Manniche Ebert, better known by his former moniker Gulddreng, is a Danish musician. His identity was unknown until his host family father from an exchange trip announced his name on Facebook. His name translates to \"gold boy\", or \"golden boy\" in English. As Gulddreng, Ebert was known for always wearing sunglasses, which helped obscure his identity. His first seven singles, \"Model\", \"Se mig nu\", \"Hva' s\u00e5\", \"Drikker for lidt\", \"Nemt\", \"Guld jul\" and \"Ked af det\", all peaked at number 1 in Denmark, with \"Se mig nu\", \"Drikker for lidt\", \"Guld jul\" and \"Ked af det\" debuting at the top spot. On September 7, 2016, Ebert as Gulddreng also released his own official app on the App Store. The app is developed by Thorwest Development. In September 2017, Ebert stopped using the moniker Gulddreng and began going by his real name, Malte Ebert. He said he created the moniker as a \"reaction to bad pop music\". In June 2018, he released \"Rather Be\", his first single as Malte Ebert.", "A thin layer of base makeup is applied to the neck, ears, and face using a white rubber sponge or fingers. A heavy application of base appears aged and creepy. Fair complexions are enhanced by soft shades of peach and pink, while brown complexions are best accented with coral shades. Moist rouge is applied before powder; dry rouge is used to accent the already powdered makeup. Eyes and eyebrows are the greatest communicative tool in an actor's arsenal. They are the most expressive feature on the face. Grease or stick shadow is applied to the eyelids and blended out toward the eyebrow bone before powder is applied; dry eye shadow is used alone or to intensify and touch up the color underneath. Dark eye shadow or grease deepens the eye sockets, creating a skull-like effect. Shades of brown and gray are best for individuals with fair complexions. Individuals with brown complexions use lighter shadows such as toast, mushroom or soft yellows. Liquid eyeliner, cake eyeliner, or the eyebrow pencil is used to accent and frame the eyes. There are two ways to line the upper lid of the eye: the owl eye or the almond eye. The owl eye is used to widen the eye and involves using a heavier line in the middle of the lid. The almond-shaped eye is created by extending the line out beyond the outer corner of the eye. The lower line is created by using the same tool used on the upper lid. The line begins a quarter-inch from the inner corner of the eye. This extra space is needed to open the eye. Mascara is used to add extra attention to the eyes. Black lash mascara is the most popular and commonly used by women with fair and brown complexions. Very fair individuals and men use brown mascara."], "answer": {"text": "the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American", "answer_start": 1094}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Melungeon about?", "answer": {"text": "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the others say", "answer": {"text": "Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What could be be said", "answer": {"text": "They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried,", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was this about", "answer": {"text": "mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia.", "answer_start": 370, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the ancetors about", "answer": {"text": "Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas.", "answer_start": 478, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the marriage about", "answer": {"text": "They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this cause", "answer": {"text": "Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype.", "answer_start": 651, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this change", "answer": {"text": "Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#0", "question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "rewrite": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2012 Chicago Cubs season The 2012 Chicago Cubs season was the 141st season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 137th in the National League and the 97th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the NL Central with a record of 61\u2013101, their worst record since 1966. The Cubs began the season at home on April 5, 2012 against the Washington Nationals and finished the season at home on October 3 against the Houston Astros. The season marked the first season with Jed Hoyer as General Manager and Theo Epstein as President of Baseball Operations. It also marked the first season with Dale Sveum as manager. The season also marked the last season with the Houston Astros in the National League Central as they would move to the American League West in 2013. The season also marked the first season in the Cubs rebuilding project under Theo Epstein that would break their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. The season was the last full season with the Cubs for Alfonso Soriano, who would be traded at the 2013 trade deadline. During the offseason, the Cubs would acquire future All-Star Anthony Rizzo from the San Diego Padres. During the season, the Cubs would also acquire players that would play important roles during their 2016 World Series season: Travis Wood was acquired via trade from the Cincinnati Reds on December 23, 2011, Albert Almora was drafted on June 4, Jorge Soler was signed as an amateur free agent on June 30, and Kyle Hendricks was acquired via a trade with the Texas Rangers on July 30. Source        Source. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2b = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; Avg. = Batting average; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases\" \"Note: W = Wins", "2014 Chicago Cubs season The 2014 Chicago Cubs season was the 143rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 139th in the National League and the 99th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs began the season on the road against the Pittsburgh Pirates on March 31, 2014 and finished the regular season on September 28, 2014, on the road against the Milwaukee Brewers. The Cubs finished the season with a 73\u201389 record in last place in the National League Central Division in Rick Renteria's first and only season as manager. This season marked the 100th season of play at Wrigley Field, though the Cubs did not start playing there until 1916. To mark the occasion, the Cubs wore different uniforms to represent each decade during ten homestands throughout the season. The season marked the third year of the Cubs rebuild under President of Baseball Operations Theo Epstein and General Manager Jed Hoyer which would result in the Cubs breaking their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. During the season, the Cubs drafted Kyle Schwarber with the fourth overall pick of the 2014 Draft who would play an important role in the 2016 World Series. Dale Sveum was fired as manager on September 30, 2013. His total record with the Cubs in two years was 127\u2013197. Rick Renteria was hired as the manager of the Chicago Cubs on November 7, 2013 and signed a three-year contract. The Cubs opened a new spring training facility in Mesa, Arizona called Sloan Park. The park replaces HoHoKam Stadium which had been their spring training home since 1979. With a capacity of 15,000, Cubs Park becomes the largest spring training stadium by capacity in Major League Baseball, surpassing Camelback Ranch in Glendale. Monday, March 31, 2014 at Pittsburgh Pirates Note : The Cubs finished their first winning season at Wrigley Field since 2009 with a record of 41\u201340.", "On October 12, 2011, Epstein agreed to a five-year contract worth $18.5 million with the Chicago Cubs. On October 19, 2011, it was reported that Epstein's official title with the Cubs would be President and that San Diego Padres general manager Jed Hoyer would take the GM position with the Cubs. On October 23, 2011, he took out a full-page ad in The Boston Globe, thanking Red Sox fans and the team's owners for their support. Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations. While the Red Sox were already a winning team when Epstein was hired in Boston, the Cubs were coming off a fifth-place finish in the National League Central and had a depleted farm system. The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency, as the focus was to acquire young talent rather than maximize short-term competitiveness. After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015; their first since 2008. They advanced to the National League Championship Series, where they were swept by the New York Mets. Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million. The Cubs finished the 2016 season with a 103-58 record, the best in the MLB and their best since the 1910 season. In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS. The Cubs proceeded to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series. The Cubs then won their first World Series championship since 1908, when they defeated the Cleveland Indians in 7 games, breaking the so-called \"Curse of the Billy Goat\".", "The picture was a box-office success and won both Bette Davis and Claude Rains Oscar nominations. After leaving Warner Bros. in 1948, the Epstein brothers wrote five more screenplays together, two of which, \"The Last Time I Saw Paris\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\", were released after Philip Epstein's death in 1952. About writing under the studio system of the 1930s and '40s, Epstein said in a 1984 interview: There wasn't one moment of reality in 'Casablanca.' We weren't making art. We were making a living. Movies in those days were prevented from reality. Every leading man had to be a great sexual athlete. Every boy and girl had to 'meet cute,' and the girl had to dislike the hero when they met. If a woman committed adultery, she had to die. Now the woman who commits adultery is your heroine. Together, he and his brother collaborated on the following: After his brother's death in 1952, Epstein continued to write. His later films include:   He wrote screenplays for more than 50 films in his 50-year career. Epstein has two living children: a daughter, Elizabeth, and a son, James Epstein, who is a criminal lawyer in Los Angeles. Another son, Philip Epstein, died in 2000. After his twin brother's death, Epstein looked out for Philip's son, Leslie, who became a novelist and director of the creative writing program at Boston University. Epstein was the great-uncle of Leslie's children: Theo Epstein, current Chicago Cubs President of Baseball Operations and former Boston Red Sox general manager, and Anya Epstein, a television writer.", "Philip G. Epstein  Philip G. Epstein (August 22, 1909 \u2013 February 7, 1952) was an American screenwriter most known for his screenplay for the film \"Casablanca\" (1942), which won an Academy Award. He had written it in partnership with his twin brother Julius and Howard Koch as an adaptation of the unproduced play \"Everybody Comes to Rick's,\" written by Murray Bennett and Joan Alison. Epstein was born to a Jewish family in New York City and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan; his identical twin brother was Julius Epstein. Their father Harry was a livery stable owner in the days when horses were widely used in the city. He and his brother Julius attended Pennsylvania State College (now Penn State University), gaining his degree in 1931. Following college, Philip took up acting and Julius became a professional boxer. Epstein married. His son Leslie Epstein directs the creative writing program at Boston University and is a novelist. In 2003, Leslie published a fictionalized version of his boyhood titled \"San Remo Drive: A Novel from Memory.\" His grandson Theo Epstein is president of baseball operations for the Chicago Cubs and previously was the general manager of the Boston Red Sox. His granddaughter Anya Epstein is a screenwriter. After college the Epstein twins headed to Hollywood, hoping to work in the movie industry. They became successful screenwriters. Jack L. Warner, head of Warner Brothers, had a love-hate relationship with the Epstein twin brothers. He could not argue with their commercial success, but he deplored their pranks, their work habits and the hours they kept. In 1952, Warner gave the brothers' names to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). They never testified before the committee, but on a HUAC questionnaire, when asked if they ever were members of a \"subversive organization,\" they wrote, \"Yes. Warner Brothers. \""], "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#1", "question": "when did Theo join the Cubs?", "rewrite": "When did Theo join the Cubs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2012 Chicago Cubs season The 2012 Chicago Cubs season was the 141st season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 137th in the National League and the 97th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the NL Central with a record of 61\u2013101, their worst record since 1966. The Cubs began the season at home on April 5, 2012 against the Washington Nationals and finished the season at home on October 3 against the Houston Astros. The season marked the first season with Jed Hoyer as General Manager and Theo Epstein as President of Baseball Operations. It also marked the first season with Dale Sveum as manager. The season also marked the last season with the Houston Astros in the National League Central as they would move to the American League West in 2013. The season also marked the first season in the Cubs rebuilding project under Theo Epstein that would break their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. The season was the last full season with the Cubs for Alfonso Soriano, who would be traded at the 2013 trade deadline. During the offseason, the Cubs would acquire future All-Star Anthony Rizzo from the San Diego Padres. During the season, the Cubs would also acquire players that would play important roles during their 2016 World Series season: Travis Wood was acquired via trade from the Cincinnati Reds on December 23, 2011, Albert Almora was drafted on June 4, Jorge Soler was signed as an amateur free agent on June 30, and Kyle Hendricks was acquired via a trade with the Texas Rangers on July 30. Source        Source. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2b = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; Avg. = Batting average; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases\" \"Note: W = Wins", "List of Arnis systems and practitioners This is a list of notable Arnis systems and practitioners. Systems which directly originated from the Philippines and have practitioners residing in the Philippines. Not all systems have particular names as older practitioners only called their arts generic names like arnis, baston, escrima, etc. Systems which were consolidated and codified overseas, or where practitioners are no longer residing in the Philippines, but abroad.", "Theo goes to visit the now sickly Mrs. Barbour and reconnects with Andy's younger sister Kitsey, who flirts with him. Theo works selling the antiques that Hobie finds and restores. A disgruntled art dealer accuses Theo of selling a fake, which Theo offers to buy back. However the dealer believes that Theo possesses The Goldfinch painting and is using it as collateral to finance his shop. Theo is shocked that the man has made the connection between him and the painting, but is relieved that his guess as to its whereabouts is wrong as Theo continues to keep the wrapped painting in a storage locker. Theo becomes engaged to Kitsey, whom he does not love, still harboring a secret love for Pippa, who now lives in London. Theo catches Kitsey cheating on him, but decides to remain engaged due to his love for Mrs. Barbour and Kitsey's permissive attitude towards his drug habit. Looking to score pills one day, Theo goes to an unknown bar where he runs into Boris. The two reconnect, with Boris telling Theo that he owes everything to their friendship. Boris apologizes to Theo, which Theo initially believes is for never coming to New York City, but he then realizes is because Boris stole The Goldfinch years ago, after Theo showed it to him during a drug blackout. Ever since, Boris has used it to finance his life of crime. Boris is now no longer in possession of the painting, as a gang of thugs have stolen it. Theo is horrified and runs away from Boris. At Theo's engagement party to Kitsey, Boris arrives and tells him he has a plan to recover The Goldfinch. They fly to Amsterdam, where Theo pretends to be a wealthy businessman, and they reclaim the painting. However, the plan goes badly, and Boris is shot.", "2013 Chicago Cubs season The 2013 Chicago Cubs season was the 142nd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 138th in the National League and the 98th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth and last in the National League Central with a record of 66\u201396. The Cubs began the season on April 1 at the Pittsburgh Pirates and finished the season on September 29 at the St. Louis Cardinals. The season marked the second year of the Cubs rebuild under President of Baseball Operations Theo Epstein and General Manager Jed Hoyer which would result in the Cubs breaking their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. The season was the last season with the Cubs for manager Dale Sveum as he was fired following the season. The season was also the last season with the Cubs for slugger Alfonso Soriano who would be traded at the trade deadline. During the season, the Cubs drafted future Rookie of the Year, MVP, and All Star Kris Bryant with the second overall pick of the 2013 Draft. The Cubs would also acquire other players that would play important roles during their 2016 World Series season: H\u00e9ctor Rond\u00f3n was selected from the 2012 rule 5 draft from the Cleveland Indians on December 6, 2011, Jake Arrieta and Pedro Strop were acquired via trade with the Baltimore Orioles on July 2, and Carl Edwards Jr. and Justin Grimm were acquired via trade with the Texas Rangers on July 22. Source         Source. Monday, April 1, 2013 at Pittsburgh Pirates \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; 2b = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home Runs; Avg. = Batting Average; RBI = Runs Batted In; SB = Stolen Bases\" \"Note: W = Wins", "2014 Chicago Cubs season The 2014 Chicago Cubs season was the 143rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 139th in the National League and the 99th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs began the season on the road against the Pittsburgh Pirates on March 31, 2014 and finished the regular season on September 28, 2014, on the road against the Milwaukee Brewers. The Cubs finished the season with a 73\u201389 record in last place in the National League Central Division in Rick Renteria's first and only season as manager. This season marked the 100th season of play at Wrigley Field, though the Cubs did not start playing there until 1916. To mark the occasion, the Cubs wore different uniforms to represent each decade during ten homestands throughout the season. The season marked the third year of the Cubs rebuild under President of Baseball Operations Theo Epstein and General Manager Jed Hoyer which would result in the Cubs breaking their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. During the season, the Cubs drafted Kyle Schwarber with the fourth overall pick of the 2014 Draft who would play an important role in the 2016 World Series. Dale Sveum was fired as manager on September 30, 2013. His total record with the Cubs in two years was 127\u2013197. Rick Renteria was hired as the manager of the Chicago Cubs on November 7, 2013 and signed a three-year contract. The Cubs opened a new spring training facility in Mesa, Arizona called Sloan Park. The park replaces HoHoKam Stadium which had been their spring training home since 1979. With a capacity of 15,000, Cubs Park becomes the largest spring training stadium by capacity in Major League Baseball, surpassing Camelback Ranch in Glendale. Monday, March 31, 2014 at Pittsburgh Pirates Note : The Cubs finished their first winning season at Wrigley Field since 2009 with a record of 41\u201340."], "answer": {"text": "Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations.", "answer_start": 429}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#2", "question": "what did Theo do for the cubs? (positively)", "rewrite": "Besides the Cubs finishing in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency, what did Theo do for the Cubs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On October 12, 2011, Epstein agreed to a five-year contract worth $18.5 million with the Chicago Cubs. On October 19, 2011, it was reported that Epstein's official title with the Cubs would be President and that San Diego Padres general manager Jed Hoyer would take the GM position with the Cubs. On October 23, 2011, he took out a full-page ad in The Boston Globe, thanking Red Sox fans and the team's owners for their support. Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations. While the Red Sox were already a winning team when Epstein was hired in Boston, the Cubs were coming off a fifth-place finish in the National League Central and had a depleted farm system. The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency, as the focus was to acquire young talent rather than maximize short-term competitiveness. After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015; their first since 2008. They advanced to the National League Championship Series, where they were swept by the New York Mets. Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million. The Cubs finished the 2016 season with a 103-58 record, the best in the MLB and their best since the 1910 season. In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS. The Cubs proceeded to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series. The Cubs then won their first World Series championship since 1908, when they defeated the Cleveland Indians in 7 games, breaking the so-called \"Curse of the Billy Goat\".", "2014 Chicago Cubs season The 2014 Chicago Cubs season was the 143rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 139th in the National League and the 99th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs began the season on the road against the Pittsburgh Pirates on March 31, 2014 and finished the regular season on September 28, 2014, on the road against the Milwaukee Brewers. The Cubs finished the season with a 73\u201389 record in last place in the National League Central Division in Rick Renteria's first and only season as manager. This season marked the 100th season of play at Wrigley Field, though the Cubs did not start playing there until 1916. To mark the occasion, the Cubs wore different uniforms to represent each decade during ten homestands throughout the season. The season marked the third year of the Cubs rebuild under President of Baseball Operations Theo Epstein and General Manager Jed Hoyer which would result in the Cubs breaking their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. During the season, the Cubs drafted Kyle Schwarber with the fourth overall pick of the 2014 Draft who would play an important role in the 2016 World Series. Dale Sveum was fired as manager on September 30, 2013. His total record with the Cubs in two years was 127\u2013197. Rick Renteria was hired as the manager of the Chicago Cubs on November 7, 2013 and signed a three-year contract. The Cubs opened a new spring training facility in Mesa, Arizona called Sloan Park. The park replaces HoHoKam Stadium which had been their spring training home since 1979. With a capacity of 15,000, Cubs Park becomes the largest spring training stadium by capacity in Major League Baseball, surpassing Camelback Ranch in Glendale. Monday, March 31, 2014 at Pittsburgh Pirates Note : The Cubs finished their first winning season at Wrigley Field since 2009 with a record of 41\u201340.", "2018 National League Central tie-breaker game The 2018 National League Central tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2018 regular season, played between the Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago Cubs to determine the champion of the National League's (NL) Central Division. It was played at Wrigley Field in Chicago, Illinois on October 1, 2018. The Brewers won, 3\u20131, and became the top seed in the NL playoffs. The Cubs hosted the NL West runner-up Colorado Rockies in the NL Wild Card Game on October 2, with the Rockies advancing to face the Brewers in the National League Division Series. The tie-breaker was counted as a regular season game for both teams, with all events in the game added to regular season statistics. Entering the 2018 Major League Baseball season, the Chicago Cubs had won two consecutive National League Central division championships. The Milwaukee Brewers last made the Major League Baseball postseason in 2011, when they won the Central division. The Cubs and Brewers ended the 2018 season tied for the division lead with win-loss records. Milwaukee ended the season with an eight-game winning streak. As the Los Angeles Dodgers and Colorado Rockies also tied for first place in the National League West, they also played in a tie-breaker game, marking the first time in Major League Baseball that two tie-breakers are needed in a year; with the Brewers and Cubs having tied for the best record in the whole National League - thereby guaranteeing that whoever came in second would still qualify for the Wild Card Game two days later. The Cubs hosted the tie-breaker game based on their head-to-head record against the Brewers in the regular season. Jos\u00e9 Quintana started for Chicago, and Jhoulys Chac\u00edn started for Milwaukee. ESPN broadcast the game, with Karl Ravech, Eduardo P\u00e9rez, Tim Kurkjian, and Buster Olney.", "2012 Chicago Cubs season The 2012 Chicago Cubs season was the 141st season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 137th in the National League and the 97th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the NL Central with a record of 61\u2013101, their worst record since 1966. The Cubs began the season at home on April 5, 2012 against the Washington Nationals and finished the season at home on October 3 against the Houston Astros. The season marked the first season with Jed Hoyer as General Manager and Theo Epstein as President of Baseball Operations. It also marked the first season with Dale Sveum as manager. The season also marked the last season with the Houston Astros in the National League Central as they would move to the American League West in 2013. The season also marked the first season in the Cubs rebuilding project under Theo Epstein that would break their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. The season was the last full season with the Cubs for Alfonso Soriano, who would be traded at the 2013 trade deadline. During the offseason, the Cubs would acquire future All-Star Anthony Rizzo from the San Diego Padres. During the season, the Cubs would also acquire players that would play important roles during their 2016 World Series season: Travis Wood was acquired via trade from the Cincinnati Reds on December 23, 2011, Albert Almora was drafted on June 4, Jorge Soler was signed as an amateur free agent on June 30, and Kyle Hendricks was acquired via a trade with the Texas Rangers on July 30. Source        Source. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2b = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; Avg. = Batting average; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases\" \"Note: W = Wins", "2013 Chicago Cubs season The 2013 Chicago Cubs season was the 142nd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 138th in the National League and the 98th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth and last in the National League Central with a record of 66\u201396. The Cubs began the season on April 1 at the Pittsburgh Pirates and finished the season on September 29 at the St. Louis Cardinals. The season marked the second year of the Cubs rebuild under President of Baseball Operations Theo Epstein and General Manager Jed Hoyer which would result in the Cubs breaking their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. The season was the last season with the Cubs for manager Dale Sveum as he was fired following the season. The season was also the last season with the Cubs for slugger Alfonso Soriano who would be traded at the trade deadline. During the season, the Cubs drafted future Rookie of the Year, MVP, and All Star Kris Bryant with the second overall pick of the 2013 Draft. The Cubs would also acquire other players that would play important roles during their 2016 World Series season: H\u00e9ctor Rond\u00f3n was selected from the 2012 rule 5 draft from the Cleveland Indians on December 6, 2011, Jake Arrieta and Pedro Strop were acquired via trade with the Baltimore Orioles on July 2, and Carl Edwards Jr. and Justin Grimm were acquired via trade with the Texas Rangers on July 22. Source         Source. Monday, April 1, 2013 at Pittsburgh Pirates \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; R = Runs Scored; H = Hits; 2b = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home Runs; Avg. = Batting Average; RBI = Runs Batted In; SB = Stolen Bases\" \"Note: W = Wins"], "answer": {"text": "After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015;", "answer_start": 914}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did Theo join the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#3", "question": "did the cubs ever win the championship under THeo?", "rewrite": "Did the Cubs ever win the championship under Theo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2012, former Cubs player Doug Glanville said, \"[I]t was easy to look at Steve Bartman [...] But that was not the whole story by a long shot.\" He argued that the Cubs lost the momentum of the series when Marlins ace Josh Beckett shut down the Cubs in Game 5. Glanville drew parallels between that game and Barry Zito's game-winning performance in Game 5 of the 2012 NLCS. Through spokesman Frank Murtha, Bartman congratulated the Cubs in their World Series championship victory over the Cleveland Indians. Murtha did not state if Bartman watched the series, but did say that Bartman did not attend the Cubs victory parade held in Chicago. MLB.com and ESPN have both reported that Cubs owner Tom Ricketts had expressed interest in contacting Bartman for closure, \"at the right time\". Later on, Cubs president Theo Epstein stated that Bartman is \"welcome to come back\" but at his own discretion and that he should be left alone. Bartman received a championship ring from Cubs owner Tom Ricketts and the Ricketts family as a special gift on July 31, 2017. The Cubs said in a statement, \"We hope this provides closure on an unfortunate chapter of the story that has perpetuated throughout our quest to win a long-awaited World Series. While no gesture can fully lift the public burden he has endured for more than a decade, we felt it was important Steve knows he has been and continues to be fully embraced by this organization. After all he has sacrificed, we are proud to recognize Steve Bartman with this gift today.\" Bartman released a statement, saying \"Although I do not consider myself worthy of such an honor, I am deeply moved and sincerely grateful to receive an official Chicago Cubs 2016 World Series Championship ring.", "2012 Chicago Cubs season The 2012 Chicago Cubs season was the 141st season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 137th in the National League and the 97th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the NL Central with a record of 61\u2013101, their worst record since 1966. The Cubs began the season at home on April 5, 2012 against the Washington Nationals and finished the season at home on October 3 against the Houston Astros. The season marked the first season with Jed Hoyer as General Manager and Theo Epstein as President of Baseball Operations. It also marked the first season with Dale Sveum as manager. The season also marked the last season with the Houston Astros in the National League Central as they would move to the American League West in 2013. The season also marked the first season in the Cubs rebuilding project under Theo Epstein that would break their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. The season was the last full season with the Cubs for Alfonso Soriano, who would be traded at the 2013 trade deadline. During the offseason, the Cubs would acquire future All-Star Anthony Rizzo from the San Diego Padres. During the season, the Cubs would also acquire players that would play important roles during their 2016 World Series season: Travis Wood was acquired via trade from the Cincinnati Reds on December 23, 2011, Albert Almora was drafted on June 4, Jorge Soler was signed as an amateur free agent on June 30, and Kyle Hendricks was acquired via a trade with the Texas Rangers on July 30. Source        Source. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2b = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; Avg. = Batting average; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases\" \"Note: W = Wins", "Maddon finished his tenure with a record of 754 wins and 705 losses. Maddon managed the Chicago Cubs from 2015 to 2019, breaking the Cubs' 108-year World Series Championship drought in his second year with a 4\u20133 series win over the Cleveland Indians. His .581 winning percentage is the most for a Cubs manager since Frank Chance, and his 19 playoff victories as manager are a team record, as are the team's four consecutive playoff berths from 2015 to 2018. Following the Cubs quick exit from the 2018 playoffs, the Cubs opted not to extend Maddon an extension on his five-year contract, which the team allowed to expire after Chicago failed to make the playoffs the following year. Almost immediately after news broke of Maddon's departure from St. Petersburg, rumors started linking him to the Cubs' managerial position; which, at the time was held by Rick Renteria. Cubs management had promised Renteria he would indeed be returning to manage the club in 2015 following the completion of the 2014 season. On November 2, 2014, the Cubs announced that they had fired Renteria and hired Maddon. Maddon's contract was for five years and $25 million. Renteria was offered a variety of other positions with the Cubs, which he declined. After being fired by the Cubs, Renteria signed on as the Chicago White Sox bench coach for the 2016 season, and became the team manager in 2017. The Rays filed tampering charges with MLB, claiming that the only reason Maddon opted out in Tampa Bay was due to his becoming aware that the Cubs would offer him a deal that would make him the highest paid manager in the game. Cubs President Theo Epstein claimed that he had sent an email to MLB to be certain that Maddon was indeed a free agent before contacting him about their managerial position.", "2014 Chicago Cubs season The 2014 Chicago Cubs season was the 143rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 139th in the National League and the 99th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs began the season on the road against the Pittsburgh Pirates on March 31, 2014 and finished the regular season on September 28, 2014, on the road against the Milwaukee Brewers. The Cubs finished the season with a 73\u201389 record in last place in the National League Central Division in Rick Renteria's first and only season as manager. This season marked the 100th season of play at Wrigley Field, though the Cubs did not start playing there until 1916. To mark the occasion, the Cubs wore different uniforms to represent each decade during ten homestands throughout the season. The season marked the third year of the Cubs rebuild under President of Baseball Operations Theo Epstein and General Manager Jed Hoyer which would result in the Cubs breaking their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. During the season, the Cubs drafted Kyle Schwarber with the fourth overall pick of the 2014 Draft who would play an important role in the 2016 World Series. Dale Sveum was fired as manager on September 30, 2013. His total record with the Cubs in two years was 127\u2013197. Rick Renteria was hired as the manager of the Chicago Cubs on November 7, 2013 and signed a three-year contract. The Cubs opened a new spring training facility in Mesa, Arizona called Sloan Park. The park replaces HoHoKam Stadium which had been their spring training home since 1979. With a capacity of 15,000, Cubs Park becomes the largest spring training stadium by capacity in Major League Baseball, surpassing Camelback Ranch in Glendale. Monday, March 31, 2014 at Pittsburgh Pirates Note : The Cubs finished their first winning season at Wrigley Field since 2009 with a record of 41\u201340.", "He became the Cubs' starting right fielder, and hit a major league leading 49 home runs (equal with Oakland Athletics rookie Mark McGwire) and was named the league's MVP, finally winning after the two years as runner-up in Montreal. Nonetheless, Dawson wasn't able to turn around the Cubs' fortunes: although the team held first place for nearly half of May and remained in contention through July, the Cubs finished the 1987 season at 76-85, last in the National League East. Dawson was the first player to ever win a league MVP trophy from a last place team. Dawson played five more seasons with the Cubs, and was one of the franchise's most popular players during that time. His worst individual season came in 1989, when the Cubs won the National League East title. Then, during the NL Championship Series, Dawson slumped terribly, hitting .105 as the San Francisco Giants beat the Cubs 4 games to 1. Dawson's .507 career slugging percentage with the Cubs is fourth highest in team history."], "answer": {"text": "In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS.", "answer_start": 1361}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did Theo join the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Theo do for the cubs? (positively)", "answer": {"text": "After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015;", "answer_start": 914, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#4", "question": "in what year did the cubs beat the Giants?", "rewrite": "In what year did the Cubs beat the Giants?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["the Dog 8/19/98 Atlanta Braves Chip the Cat 8/22/98 New York Mets Curly the Bear  8/23/98 Tampa Bay Devil Rays Pinky the Flamingo 8/30/98 San Francisco Giants Tuffy the Dog 9/02/98 Atlanta Braves Pugsly the Pug 9/05/98 Seattle Mariners Chocolate the Moose 9/06/98 Oakland Athletics Peanut the Elephant 9/06/98 Anaheim Athletics Mel the Koala 9/06/98 Toronto Blue Jays Rocket the Bluejay 9/08/98 Chicago Cubs Blackie the Bear 9/13/98 Chicago Cubs Gracie the Swan 9/14/98 St. Louis Cardinals Smoochy the Frog 4/11/99 San Francisco Giants Slippery the Seal 4/25/99 Chicago Cubs Sammy the Bear 5/30/99 New York Mets Valentina the Bear 6/12/99 Milwaukee Brewers Early the Robin  6/18/99 Minnesota Twins Hippie the Bunny 6/19/99 Cincinnati Reds Scorch the Dragon 7/03/99 Houston Astros Goatee the Goat 7/11/99 Detroit Tigers Kuku the Cockatoo 7/18/99 Houston Astros Tiny the Chihuahua 8/05/99 Chicago Cubs Erin the Bear 8/15/99 New York Yankees Millennium the Bear 9/01/99 Oakland Athletics Peace the Bear 9/05/99 Texas Rangers Luke the Dog 9/06/99 Kansas City Royals Fortune the Panda 9/26/99 Chicago Cubs Millennium the Bear 9/10/00 Chicago Cubs Aurora the Polar Bear 5/20/01 Chicago Cubs Addison the Bear 5/04/03 Chicago Cubs Dusty the Bear   Addison the bear was first introduced at a Cubs game on May 20, 2001, a game at which the Cubs beat the Diamondbacks 6-5. A total of 10,000 were given away to children 13 and under.", "After losing game 1 in St. Louis, the Cubs went on to win three straight, winning the NLDS at Wrigley Field. This was the Cubs' first ever postseason clinch at Wrigley Field. The Cubs played the Mets in the NLCS, but lost in four games. After the season, Maddon won the National League Manager of the Year Award. Maddon's young Cubs team entered the 2016 season as the bookmakers' favorite to win the World Series. They started the season on a tear, taking over first place in the NL Central on April 11, a lead they never relinquished. By May 10, the Cubs had a record of 25\u20136 (0.806 win percentage) with a commanding 8.5 game lead in their division. The team would go on to post a 103\u201358 regular season record, their first 100-win season in over 80 years, and led their division by as many as 19 games. They entered the postseason as heavy favorites, and dispatched the Giants in four games with an amazing four-run 9th inning comeback in the clincher at AT&T Park. On October 22, 2016, the Cubs beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in Game 6 of the NLCS, earning their first pennant since 1945, also allowing Maddon to join the small list of managers who won pennants in both leagues. Their streak of not winning a pennant was the longest in MLB history, lasting 71 years. They beat the Cleveland Indians in Game 7 of the World Series, for their first World Series title in 108 years. Despite falling behind 4.5 games to the Milwaukee Brewers and posting a losing record at the All-Star Break, the Cubs rallied to repeat as NL Central Division Champions and finish with a 92\u201370 record. Chicago defeated the Nationals three games to two in the NLDS, marking the Cubs' fourth straight postseason series win.", "1908 Chicago Cubs season The 1908 Chicago Cubs season was the 37th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 33rd in the National League and the 16th at West Side Park. It involved the Cubs winning their third consecutive National League pennant, as well as the World Series. This team included four future Hall of Famers: manager / first baseman Frank Chance, second baseman Johnny Evers, shortstop Joe Tinker, and pitcher Mordecai Brown. In 1908, Brown finished second in the NL in wins and ERA. This would be the last World Series victory for the Cubs until the 2016 World Series. The Cubs started the season in Cincinnati. Orval Overall was the Cubs' Opening Day starting pitcher. Overall gave up five hits and committed an error in the first inning as the Reds take a 5\u20130 lead. The Cubs tied the game in the sixth and won the game in the ninth. Cubs pinch hitter Heinie Zimmerman drove in Johnny Evers. Mordecai \"Three Finger\" Brown pitched in the ninth and gets a save for the Cubs. The home opener was on April 22. Owner Charles Murphy had added several new seats to the stadium. Long-time Cub player-manager Cap Anson threw out the first pitch. Tinker, Evers and Chance turn their second double play of the season as the Cubs beat the Reds by a score of 7\u20133. On June 30, the Pirates took first place, as the Chicago Cubs lost to the Cincinnati Reds. Starting on July 2, the Pirates started a critical five game series against the Cubs. In the first game, Three Finger Brown threw a six hit, no walk shutout, winning the game 3\u20130. Brown was 10\u20131 on the season. On September 26, starting pitcher Ed Reulbach became the only pitcher in Major League Baseball history to pitch two shutouts on the same day.", "The Cubs' historic win marked the end of the longest championship drought in American sports history, winning the franchise's third World Series trophy and first in 108 years. After winning their first championship in 108 years, the Cubs was trying to become the first team to repeat as World Series champions since the 1998-2000 Yankees. They struggled all of the first half of the season finishing two games under .500 before all star break. The Cubs bounced back in the second half to finish 22 games over .500 and win the NL Central by six games over the Milwaukee Brewers. In the NLDS the Cubs beat the Nationals in five games advancing to their third straight NLCS. In the NLCS they faced the Dodgers for the second time in a row, this time, the Dodgers eliminated the Cubs in five games to end the Cubs quest to repeat. During the offseason, the Cubs made several free agent signings to improve their pitching rotation and bullpen. They signed starting pitcher Yu Darvish, closer Brandon Morrow, and also Tyler Chatwood and Steve Cishek. The Cubs could not stay healthy during the season, Anthony Rizzo was out for most of April, Kris Bryant was injured multiple times the whole season. Yu Darvish only started eight games due to injuries. Morrow was also injured during the season and did not play at all in September. The Cubs still managed to stay in first place in the division throughout the season. Due to all the injuries for the Cubs the Brewers managed to tie the Cubs with the same record to finish the season. The Brewers defeated the Cubs in a tie-breaker game to win the Central Division and to have the top seed in the National League playoffs. The Cubs then played in the Wild Card game versus the Colorado Rockies, the Cubs lost, it was the Cubs earliest playoff exit in three years.", "On October 2, Pulliam rejected the Giants' appeal of O'Day's ruling and the Cubs' call for a forfeit victory and again upheld the umpires, declaring the force play on Merkle valid and the game a tie. The Cubs-Giants-Pirates pennant race continued to the final days. The Giants were forced to end the season by playing 10 games in a week due to rainouts. After Merkle's boner, the Giants won 11 of their last 16 games to finish 98\u201355. The Cubs won eight of their last 10 after the Merkle game to also finish 98\u201355. The Pirates, who beat the Dodgers 2\u20131 on September 23 to gain a half game on their rivals, won nine of their last 10 to force a makeup game with the Cubs on October 4. The Cubs beat the Pirates 5\u20132, leaving themselves tied with the Giants, and with the Pirates a half-game back of both teams at 98\u201356, they were thus eliminated. On October 6, the National League board of directors agreed with its umpires and with Hank Pulliam, making a final ruling that Merkle had failed to touch second base and that the force rule was correctly applied. This left the Cubs and Giants tied at 98\u201355 and required a makeup game to decide the NL pennant. To decide the pennant (and a spot in the World Series), the teams had to replay the tie game on October 8. Mathewson, scheduled to start the game, said, \"I'm not fit to pitch today. I'm dog tired. \" The crowd was estimated at 40,000, the biggest in baseball history at that time."], "answer": {"text": "the 2016 season", "answer_start": 1265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did Theo join the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Theo do for the cubs? (positively)", "answer": {"text": "After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015;", "answer_start": 914, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the cubs ever win the championship under THeo?", "answer": {"text": "In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS.", "answer_start": 1361, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#5", "question": "is Epstein still with the Cubs?", "rewrite": "Is Epstein still with the Cubs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Amolops jaunsari Amolops jaunsari, also known as the Jaunsar stream frog or Jaunsar's torrent frog, is a species of frog endemic to India. It is only known from its type locality near Chakrata in Uttarakhand (formerly Uttar Pradesh). It was described based on a single specimen collected in 1985 and has not been recorded ever since. \"Amolops jaunsari\" is a relatively small species of \"Amolops\". The head is wider than it is long. The eyes are relatively large. The tympanum is distinct and the supratympanic fold is present. The fingers have distinct terminal discs. The toe discs are similar to the fingers ones. The dorsum is dark olive green. The upper lip has light brown and lighter spots. The iris is golden brown. A blackish band runs from the eye to the sacrum. The limbs have dark and light brown crossbars. The throat and the anterior part of the breast have dark brown mottling. \"Amolops jaunsari\" is a semi-aquatic species that occurs in small hill-streams at an elevation of about above sea level. The threats to this poorly-known species are unknown.", "On October 12, 2011, Epstein agreed to a five-year contract worth $18.5 million with the Chicago Cubs. On October 19, 2011, it was reported that Epstein's official title with the Cubs would be President and that San Diego Padres general manager Jed Hoyer would take the GM position with the Cubs. On October 23, 2011, he took out a full-page ad in The Boston Globe, thanking Red Sox fans and the team's owners for their support. Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations. While the Red Sox were already a winning team when Epstein was hired in Boston, the Cubs were coming off a fifth-place finish in the National League Central and had a depleted farm system. The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency, as the focus was to acquire young talent rather than maximize short-term competitiveness. After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015; their first since 2008. They advanced to the National League Championship Series, where they were swept by the New York Mets. Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million. The Cubs finished the 2016 season with a 103-58 record, the best in the MLB and their best since the 1910 season. In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS. The Cubs proceeded to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series. The Cubs then won their first World Series championship since 1908, when they defeated the Cleveland Indians in 7 games, breaking the so-called \"Curse of the Billy Goat\".", "Its work earned Sitrick the title of \"the king of crisis PR\", and he has been widely referenced as a fixer. In 2002, David Duchovny hired the firm to represent him to the media in his dispute with 20th Century Fox regarding breach of contract relating to his work on \"The X-Files\" television show; Sitrick and Company arranged for a feature in \"Forbes\" regarding Fox's vertical monopoly, which put pressure on Fox to settle with Duchovny. Also in 2002, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles hired the firm regarding the diocese's sexual abuse scandal. Sitrick advised \"the late Roy Disney and Stanley Gold when he orchestrated their campaign to remove Michael Eisner as chairman of Walt Disney in 2003. The campaign led to 43 per cent of Disney shareholders withholding their support from him. Eisner later stepped down voluntarily.\" In 2006, Hewlett-Packard (HP) and its departing chairwoman Patricia C. Dunn hired the firm to handle media relations regarding HP's 2006 leak-investigation crisis. Paris Hilton used the company's services after she was released from a brief time in jail. Steven Page of music group Barenaked Ladies hired the firm in 2008 after his own drug arrest. Medicis Pharmaceutical CEO Jonah Shacknai hired the firm following the 2011 death of Rebecca Zahau. Also in 2011, convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein hired the firm following the bad press he received after rekindling his friendship with Prince Andrew. , the matter was still before courts with Sitrick and Company claiming Epstein still has not paid an outstanding $103,500 bill.", "As owner, Henry provided Epstein with significant leeway when it came to data-based decision making and the use of sabermetrics, as he knew the impact that such tools can have in achieving success in both sports and business. Since his success in Boston, Epstein has moved on to Chicago, where in 2016 he led the Chicago Cubs to their first World Series title in 108 years. With both Beane and Epstein still leading successful MLB clubs, it is easy to see the longevity that is associated with an analytical approach to managing teams. The success of analytic based strategies and decision making in baseball was noted by executives in other professional sports leagues. Today, you would be hard pressed to find any professional organization who does not have at least one analytical expert on staff, let alone an entire department dedicated to analytics. Some of the teams that have achieved great success while using a largely analytical based approach are: The Astros rely heavily on analytics when making decisions. The team has employees with titles like, director of decision sciences, medical risk manager and mathematic modeler. Unlike other professional teams who typically use analytics solely for player transactions and signings, the Astros have begun to use analytics to make decisions on how they will play on the field, \"applying the defensive shift more than any other team in the MLB last season. \" Using this approach, the Houston Astros captured their first World Series victory in franchise history in 2017. One of the early adopters of SportVU, the San Antonio Spurs have been using analytics to gain a competitive advantage on opponents for a number of years. Collectively as a team the Spurs have honed in on the importance of the three pointer and as a result constantly rank among the league lead in three point attempts. The teams understanding of the importance of the \"three\" extends beyond the offensive side of the court as they are relentless at defending the three pointer in the defensive end of the court.", "Break-up of the Beatles John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr began playing together as the Beatles in 1962. Their break-up was a cumulative process marked by rumours of a split and by ambiguous comments by the members themselves regarding their future as a band. In September 1969, Lennon privately informed his bandmates that he was leaving the band. There was no public acknowledgement of the break-up until 10 April 1970, when McCartney announced he was also leaving the group. There were numerous causes for the band's break-up, including their retirement from touring in 1966 and the death of their manager Brian Epstein in 1967. Conflicts also arose from differences in artistic vision. Both Harrison and Starr temporarily left the group at various points during 1968 and 1969; by 1970 all four members had begun working on solo projects after realising the likelihood that the band would not regroup. Ultimately, animosity made it impossible for the group to continue working together. In the ensuing years, the band members occasionally collaborated, but never with all four Beatles simultaneously. After Lennon's death in 1980, the remaining three reunited for the \"Anthology\" project in 1994, using the unfinished Lennon demos \" Free as a Bird\" and \"Real Love\" as a basis for new songs recorded and released as the Beatles. A pivotal figure in launching and promoting the Beatles' worldwide popularity , Brian Epstein furthermore managed to hold the band together. His management style was to let the group pursue their musical notions and projects, while often mediating when there was a conflict. This role began to diminish after the band stopped touring in 1966, although Epstein still exercised a strong influence, settling disputes among members and, most importantly, handling the group's finances. When Epstein died of a medical drug overdose in August 1967, there was a void left in the band."], "answer": {"text": "Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million.", "answer_start": 1126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did Theo join the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Theo do for the cubs? (positively)", "answer": {"text": "After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015;", "answer_start": 914, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the cubs ever win the championship under THeo?", "answer": {"text": "In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS.", "answer_start": 1361, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "in what year did the cubs beat the Giants?", "answer": {"text": "the 2016 season", "answer_start": 1265, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#6", "question": "what else can you tell me about Epstein and the Cubs?", "rewrite": "In addition to what Epstein did for the Cubs, when Theo joined the Cubs, or if Epstein is still with the Cubs, what what else can you tell me about Epstein and the Cubs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2014 Chicago Cubs season The 2014 Chicago Cubs season was the 143rd season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 139th in the National League and the 99th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs began the season on the road against the Pittsburgh Pirates on March 31, 2014 and finished the regular season on September 28, 2014, on the road against the Milwaukee Brewers. The Cubs finished the season with a 73\u201389 record in last place in the National League Central Division in Rick Renteria's first and only season as manager. This season marked the 100th season of play at Wrigley Field, though the Cubs did not start playing there until 1916. To mark the occasion, the Cubs wore different uniforms to represent each decade during ten homestands throughout the season. The season marked the third year of the Cubs rebuild under President of Baseball Operations Theo Epstein and General Manager Jed Hoyer which would result in the Cubs breaking their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. During the season, the Cubs drafted Kyle Schwarber with the fourth overall pick of the 2014 Draft who would play an important role in the 2016 World Series. Dale Sveum was fired as manager on September 30, 2013. His total record with the Cubs in two years was 127\u2013197. Rick Renteria was hired as the manager of the Chicago Cubs on November 7, 2013 and signed a three-year contract. The Cubs opened a new spring training facility in Mesa, Arizona called Sloan Park. The park replaces HoHoKam Stadium which had been their spring training home since 1979. With a capacity of 15,000, Cubs Park becomes the largest spring training stadium by capacity in Major League Baseball, surpassing Camelback Ranch in Glendale. Monday, March 31, 2014 at Pittsburgh Pirates Note : The Cubs finished their first winning season at Wrigley Field since 2009 with a record of 41\u201340.", "On October 12, 2011, Epstein agreed to a five-year contract worth $18.5 million with the Chicago Cubs. On October 19, 2011, it was reported that Epstein's official title with the Cubs would be President and that San Diego Padres general manager Jed Hoyer would take the GM position with the Cubs. On October 23, 2011, he took out a full-page ad in The Boston Globe, thanking Red Sox fans and the team's owners for their support. Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations. While the Red Sox were already a winning team when Epstein was hired in Boston, the Cubs were coming off a fifth-place finish in the National League Central and had a depleted farm system. The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency, as the focus was to acquire young talent rather than maximize short-term competitiveness. After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015; their first since 2008. They advanced to the National League Championship Series, where they were swept by the New York Mets. Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million. The Cubs finished the 2016 season with a 103-58 record, the best in the MLB and their best since the 1910 season. In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS. The Cubs proceeded to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series. The Cubs then won their first World Series championship since 1908, when they defeated the Cleveland Indians in 7 games, breaking the so-called \"Curse of the Billy Goat\".", "2012 Chicago Cubs season The 2012 Chicago Cubs season was the 141st season of the Chicago Cubs franchise, the 137th in the National League and the 97th at Wrigley Field. The Cubs finished fifth in the NL Central with a record of 61\u2013101, their worst record since 1966. The Cubs began the season at home on April 5, 2012 against the Washington Nationals and finished the season at home on October 3 against the Houston Astros. The season marked the first season with Jed Hoyer as General Manager and Theo Epstein as President of Baseball Operations. It also marked the first season with Dale Sveum as manager. The season also marked the last season with the Houston Astros in the National League Central as they would move to the American League West in 2013. The season also marked the first season in the Cubs rebuilding project under Theo Epstein that would break their 108-year World Series drought and lead the Cubs to the 2016 World Series championship. The season was the last full season with the Cubs for Alfonso Soriano, who would be traded at the 2013 trade deadline. During the offseason, the Cubs would acquire future All-Star Anthony Rizzo from the San Diego Padres. During the season, the Cubs would also acquire players that would play important roles during their 2016 World Series season: Travis Wood was acquired via trade from the Cincinnati Reds on December 23, 2011, Albert Almora was drafted on June 4, Jorge Soler was signed as an amateur free agent on June 30, and Kyle Hendricks was acquired via a trade with the Texas Rangers on July 30. Source        Source. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs scored; H = Hits; 2b = Doubles; 3B = Triples; HR = Home runs; Avg. = Batting average; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases\" \"Note: W = Wins", "The picture was a box-office success and won both Bette Davis and Claude Rains Oscar nominations. After leaving Warner Bros. in 1948, the Epstein brothers wrote five more screenplays together, two of which, \"The Last Time I Saw Paris\" and \"The Brothers Karamazov\", were released after Philip Epstein's death in 1952. About writing under the studio system of the 1930s and '40s, Epstein said in a 1984 interview: There wasn't one moment of reality in 'Casablanca.' We weren't making art. We were making a living. Movies in those days were prevented from reality. Every leading man had to be a great sexual athlete. Every boy and girl had to 'meet cute,' and the girl had to dislike the hero when they met. If a woman committed adultery, she had to die. Now the woman who commits adultery is your heroine. Together, he and his brother collaborated on the following: After his brother's death in 1952, Epstein continued to write. His later films include:   He wrote screenplays for more than 50 films in his 50-year career. Epstein has two living children: a daughter, Elizabeth, and a son, James Epstein, who is a criminal lawyer in Los Angeles. Another son, Philip Epstein, died in 2000. After his twin brother's death, Epstein looked out for Philip's son, Leslie, who became a novelist and director of the creative writing program at Boston University. Epstein was the great-uncle of Leslie's children: Theo Epstein, current Chicago Cubs President of Baseball Operations and former Boston Red Sox general manager, and Anya Epstein, a television writer.", "Philip G. Epstein  Philip G. Epstein (August 22, 1909 \u2013 February 7, 1952) was an American screenwriter most known for his screenplay for the film \"Casablanca\" (1942), which won an Academy Award. He had written it in partnership with his twin brother Julius and Howard Koch as an adaptation of the unproduced play \"Everybody Comes to Rick's,\" written by Murray Bennett and Joan Alison. Epstein was born to a Jewish family in New York City and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan; his identical twin brother was Julius Epstein. Their father Harry was a livery stable owner in the days when horses were widely used in the city. He and his brother Julius attended Pennsylvania State College (now Penn State University), gaining his degree in 1931. Following college, Philip took up acting and Julius became a professional boxer. Epstein married. His son Leslie Epstein directs the creative writing program at Boston University and is a novelist. In 2003, Leslie published a fictionalized version of his boyhood titled \"San Remo Drive: A Novel from Memory.\" His grandson Theo Epstein is president of baseball operations for the Chicago Cubs and previously was the general manager of the Boston Red Sox. His granddaughter Anya Epstein is a screenwriter. After college the Epstein twins headed to Hollywood, hoping to work in the movie industry. They became successful screenwriters. Jack L. Warner, head of Warner Brothers, had a love-hate relationship with the Epstein twin brothers. He could not argue with their commercial success, but he deplored their pranks, their work habits and the hours they kept. In 1952, Warner gave the brothers' names to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). They never testified before the committee, but on a HUAC questionnaire, when asked if they ever were members of a \"subversive organization,\" they wrote, \"Yes. Warner Brothers. \""], "answer": {"text": "The Cubs proceeded to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series.", "answer_start": 1430}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did Theo join the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Theo do for the cubs? (positively)", "answer": {"text": "After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015;", "answer_start": 914, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the cubs ever win the championship under THeo?", "answer": {"text": "In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS.", "answer_start": 1361, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "in what year did the cubs beat the Giants?", "answer": {"text": "the 2016 season", "answer_start": 1265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is Epstein still with the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million.", "answer_start": 1126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f756b4b72b24b0ab280f6337008235f_0_q#7", "question": "anything else i should know?", "rewrite": "Besides the Cubs beating the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series, is there anything else I should know about Epstein and the Cubs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2016 National League Championship Series The 2016 National League Championship Series was a best-of-seven playoff in which the Chicago Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers for the National League (NL) pennant and the right to play in the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians. As winners of one of the Division Series and the team with the best regular season record in the National League, the Cubs earned home-field advantage regardless of opponent. The series was the 47th in league history. FS1 televised all of the games in the United States. The Cubs would go on to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the World Series in seven games, after overcoming a 3\u20131 series deficit, winning their first World Series championship for the first time in 108 years, ending the Curse of the Billy Goat. The 2016 NLCS was the Cubs' second consecutive NLCS appearance and fifth overall. Chicago lost its first four NLCS appearances, in 1984, 1989, 2003, and most recently were swept in the 2015 National League Championship Series. This was the first time the Cubs have made back-to-back NLCS appearances. The Cubs had not won a World Series championship since 1908 or played in the World Series since 1945. This was the Dodgers' 11th overall appearance in the NLCS. Los Angeles was in the NLCS for the first time since losing the 2013 National League Championship Series to the St. Louis Cardinals. The Dodgers split their previous ten NLCS appearances, with their most recent victory in 1988, the same year they last appeared in and won the World Series. This was the second postseason meeting between the Cubs and the Dodgers. Their only other postseason series was the 2008 National League Division Series, in which the Dodgers swept the Cubs in three games, this postseason matchup would happen again in the 2017 NLCS, with the Dodgers winning four games to one. The Cubs won the regular season series 4 games to 3.", "On October 12, 2011, Epstein agreed to a five-year contract worth $18.5 million with the Chicago Cubs. On October 19, 2011, it was reported that Epstein's official title with the Cubs would be President and that San Diego Padres general manager Jed Hoyer would take the GM position with the Cubs. On October 23, 2011, he took out a full-page ad in The Boston Globe, thanking Red Sox fans and the team's owners for their support. Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations. While the Red Sox were already a winning team when Epstein was hired in Boston, the Cubs were coming off a fifth-place finish in the National League Central and had a depleted farm system. The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency, as the focus was to acquire young talent rather than maximize short-term competitiveness. After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015; their first since 2008. They advanced to the National League Championship Series, where they were swept by the New York Mets. Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million. The Cubs finished the 2016 season with a 103-58 record, the best in the MLB and their best since the 1910 season. In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS. The Cubs proceeded to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series. The Cubs then won their first World Series championship since 1908, when they defeated the Cleveland Indians in 7 games, breaking the so-called \"Curse of the Billy Goat\".", "1959 World Series The 1959 World Series featured the National League champion Los Angeles Dodgers beating the American League champion Chicago White Sox, 4\u20132. Each of the three games played at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum drew record crowds, Game 5's attendance of 92,706 continues to be a World Series record to this day, and one which cannot feasibly be broken in any modern ballpark. It was the first pennant for the White Sox in 40 years (since the 1919 Black Sox Scandal). They would have to wait until their world championship season of to win another pennant. The Dodgers won their first pennant since moving from Brooklyn in 1958 by defeating the Milwaukee Braves, 2\u20130, in a best-of-three-games pennant playoff. It was the Dodgers' second World Series victory in five years, their first in Los Angeles, and marked the first championship for a West Coast team. It was the first World Series in which no pitcher for either side pitched a complete game. As Vin Scully remarked in his narration for the official World Series film, \"What a change of scenery! \" This was the only Fall Classic played during the period from 1949 through 1964 in which no games were played in New York City, breaking the streak of the city that documentary filmmaker Ken Burns later called the era's \"Capital of Baseball\". After finishing seventh in 1958, the Dodgers rebounded in 1959. The National League pennant race was a season-long three-way battle between the Dodgers, the two-time defending N.L. champion Milwaukee Braves and the San Francisco Giants. The Dodgers never led by more than two games (and that was at the end of a tie-breaker) and never trailed by more than five.", "After losing game 1 in St. Louis, the Cubs went on to win three straight, winning the NLDS at Wrigley Field. This was the Cubs' first ever postseason clinch at Wrigley Field. The Cubs played the Mets in the NLCS, but lost in four games. After the season, Maddon won the National League Manager of the Year Award. Maddon's young Cubs team entered the 2016 season as the bookmakers' favorite to win the World Series. They started the season on a tear, taking over first place in the NL Central on April 11, a lead they never relinquished. By May 10, the Cubs had a record of 25\u20136 (0.806 win percentage) with a commanding 8.5 game lead in their division. The team would go on to post a 103\u201358 regular season record, their first 100-win season in over 80 years, and led their division by as many as 19 games. They entered the postseason as heavy favorites, and dispatched the Giants in four games with an amazing four-run 9th inning comeback in the clincher at AT&T Park. On October 22, 2016, the Cubs beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in Game 6 of the NLCS, earning their first pennant since 1945, also allowing Maddon to join the small list of managers who won pennants in both leagues. Their streak of not winning a pennant was the longest in MLB history, lasting 71 years. They beat the Cleveland Indians in Game 7 of the World Series, for their first World Series title in 108 years. Despite falling behind 4.5 games to the Milwaukee Brewers and posting a losing record at the All-Star Break, the Cubs rallied to repeat as NL Central Division Champions and finish with a 92\u201370 record. Chicago defeated the Nationals three games to two in the NLDS, marking the Cubs' fourth straight postseason series win.", "The Chicago Cubs, after benefiting from a baserunning error by New York Giants' Fred Merkle during the last couple of weeks in the season, won the 1908 World Series. From 1909 to 2015, the Cubs did not win a World Series, despite participating as the National League (NL) champion seven times between 1910 and 1945. The 1945 World Series appearance was most notable because it marked the start of the Curse of the Billy Goat. That incident involved Billy Sianis, owner of the Billy Goat Tavern, who was asked to leave a World Series game vs. the Detroit Tigers because his pet goat's odor bothered other fans. From 1946 to 2015, the closest the Cubs had advanced to the World Series was five outs away in game 6 of the 2003 NLCS vs. the Florida Marlins, when Steve Bartman, a Cubs fan, attempted to catch a foul ball. The Cubs defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 2016 National League Championship Series (NLCS), winning the organization's first National League (NL) pennant since 1945. The Cubs finally won the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians, their first championship in 108 years. The Chicago White Sox were said to have been cursed because of their role in fixing the 1919 World Series. As a result, the Cincinnati Reds won that series in eight games, and eight White Sox players were banned by baseball for their actions in throwing the series. The White Sox wouldn't win another World Series until 2005, when they swept the Houston Astros in four games This curse supposedly prevents the Cleveland Indians from competing in a pennant race, reaching postseason play, or winning the American League (AL) pennant and/or World Series. The origin of this curse dates back to , when the Indians traded outfielder Rocky Colavito to the Detroit Tigers for outfielder Harvey Kuenn."], "answer": {"text": "The Cubs then won their first World Series championship since 1908,", "answer_start": 1582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Epstein do for the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs finished in last place in the National League Central for the first three years of Epstein's presidency,", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did Theo join the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Two days later, the Cubs officially introduced Epstein as president of baseball operations.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Theo do for the cubs? (positively)", "answer": {"text": "After a three-year, top-to-bottom rebuild, the Cubs clinched a playoff berth in 2015;", "answer_start": 914, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the cubs ever win the championship under THeo?", "answer": {"text": "In the playoffs, they defeated the San Francisco Giants in the NLDS.", "answer_start": 1361, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "in what year did the cubs beat the Giants?", "answer": {"text": "the 2016 season", "answer_start": 1265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is Epstein still with the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "Epstein re-signed with the club on September 28, 2016, with a five-year contract estimated to be worth up to $25million.", "answer_start": 1126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else can you tell me about Epstein and the Cubs?", "answer": {"text": "The Cubs proceeded to beat the Los Angeles Dodgers in the NLCS, winning their first pennant since the 1945 season and sending them to the World Series.", "answer_start": 1430, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_76819ce61a6149caa272232fa5508646_0_q#0", "question": "Who was in the group Bananarama?", "rewrite": "Who was in the group Bananarama?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tripping on Your Love \"Tripping on Your Love\" is a song recorded by English girl group Bananarama. It appears on the group's fifth studio album \"Pop Life\" and was released as the album's fourth single in the UK and the first single in the United States. The track was co-written and produced by Youth. This is the last single released featuring member Jacquie O'Sullivan, and the group as a trio. The single is considered by Bananarama to be their biggest commercial flop in the UK, just missing the top 75 of the UK singles chart. It was originally intended to be the album's second single (following \"Only Your Love\") but was delayed as two different songs were released as singles. By the time \"Tripping on Your Love\" was issued, O'Sullivan had announced her departure from the group, and Bananarama's long-time manager Hillary Shaw also quit . In addition, group member Sara Dallin was pregnant with her first child, which made promotion nearly impossible. The song is a fusion of acid house, South Asian, rap, and Caribbean music. The album version was remixed by Robin Hancock before it was released as a single. It was not included on the original version of \"The Very Best of Bananarama\", but a remix was included on a special edition bonus CD of the compilation. The single's biggest success came in U.S. dance clubs, climbing to number 14 on the Hot Dance Club Play chart in December 1991. It would be Bananarama's last appearance on that chart until 2006 when \"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)\" peaked at number two. The song boasts the most commissioned remixes of any Bananarama single (20 mixes by nine different remixers, including George Michael). In 2007 Keren said she considered the song to be one of the band's best.", "Hot Line to Heaven \"Hot Line to Heaven\" is a song co-written and performed by English girl group Bananarama. The song appears on their second, self-titled album and was released as a single in the UK in 1984. In its album version, \"Hot Line to Heaven\" is a seven-plus-minutes mid-tempo pop song. It was edited to about three-and-a-half minutes for its single release. After Bananarama recorded the soundtrack song \"The Wild Life\" (from the film of the same name), the edited version of \"Hot Line to Heaven\" was pressed onto the \"Bananarama\" album in order to make room for the late-addition of \"The Wild Life\". This was only a temporary pressing, however, as \"Bananarama\"'s track listing was restored several months later, with the full version of \"Hot Line to Heaven\" intact. The single did not perform well on the charts and got very limited release outside of UK. As was the case with the \"Bananarama\" album, the dark lyrical content did not meet with mainstream acceptance and became the group's lowest charting UK single since their debut \"Aie a Mwana\", however it was the fourth release from the album. The music video features the girls trying to persuade a record executive to be interested in their demo tapes. They annoy him by playing their tape and dancing around his office until the executive loses his cool and throws them out. When the girls show up as angels in his hallucinations, he finally relents. \" London Records NANA 8 \"  \" London Records NANX 8 \" + an \"edited version\" 3:48 of \"Hot Line to Heaven (album version)\" was released on the compilation album \"Bananarama - Bunch Of Hits\".", "Do Not Disturb (Bananarama song) \"Do Not Disturb\" is a song recorded by English girl group Bananarama. It was written and produced by the production duo of Steve Jolley and Tony Swain. Originally released as a stand-alone single in 1985, the track was later added to Bananarama's third album \"True Confessions\" which was issued by London Records a year later. \" Do Not Disturb\" was released in the UK, Australia, Germany and Japan but only charted in the UK. Bananarama did not like the song. Group member Keren Woodward later said of the \"True Confessions\" album, \"It is all our ideas, it is what we wanted to sound like and sing about. Except 'Do Not Disturb' which Swain and Jolley wrote and which we don't think is very good. Thats why there's eleven songs on the LP instead of ten\". When released, \"Do Not Disturb\" was a mid-charting single, peaking at number thirty-one. The song was also issued as 3 separate shaped picture discs, each featuring a member of the group, which came with a plinth to put them on display. The music video for \"Do Not Disturb\" directed by Simon Milne features Bananarama in a brightly lit hotel clad in long white flowing dresses and blouses similar to the single's picture sleeve. The video also cuts frequently to a set with Bananarama dancing, and doing football tricks with superimposed circular footage. The whole video has a \"round\" theme, from round beds, and spas to a round frame in which each member dances within. \" London Records NANA 9\" + Some versions of the 7 inch were released in 3 different shaped picture disc singles format \"NANPD 9\"  \" London Records NANX 9 \"  \"London Records NANAM 9\"  + A megamix featuring 6 of their earlier hits", "He Was Really Sayin' Somethin' \"He Was Really Sayin' Somethin' is a soul song written by Motown songwriters Norman Whitfield, William \"Mickey\" Stevenson, and Edward Holland, Jr. in 1964. The song is notable in both a 1964 version by American Motown girl group the Velvelettes, and a 1982 hit version (with the title altered to \"Really Saying Something\") by British girl group Bananarama. The original version of the song was recorded by Motown group the Velvelettes in December 1964. An alternate version recorded in October/November had been discarded. Produced by Norman Whitfield, the Velvelettes' version was released on Motown's V.I.P. label on December 27, 1964, and was a minor hit for the group in early 1965. \" He Was Really Sayin' Somethin'\" peaked at number 64 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and at number 21 on the then recently reinstated \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart. The single was the second most successful release for the Velvelettes, a minor Motown act which never released a full-length album. \"Throw a Farewell Kiss\", composed by Whitfield and Holland and produced by Whitfield, had been recorded in October 1962 and was issued as the B-side of \"He Was Really Sayin' Somethin'\". Six years later, Whitfield had the Temptations record \"Farewell Kiss\" for their 1971 album \"Sky's the Limit\". In 1982, the British girl group Bananarama recorded a cover version of the song and released it as the first single from their debut album \"Deep Sea Skiving\". Providing background vocals is Fun Boy Three, a male vocal trio who had a hit with Bananarama earlier in the year with another cover, \"T'ain't What You Do", "World Tour (Bananarama) The World Tour is the second concert tour by British girl group Bananarama. The first tour was a \"warm up\" under the name of \"Lovekids Tour 1988\" and was only performed in Japan. The 1989 World Tour supported four studio albums, \"Deep Sea Skiving\", \"Bananarama\", \"True Confessions\", and \"Wow!\". This tour which hit North America, Asia, Australia, Ireland and the UK promoted the group's \"Greatest Hits Collection\". At the same time, Bananarama entered the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as the all-female group who have the most chart entries in history, a record they still hold. Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward had known Jacqui O'Sullivan since they were eighteen and had invited to become a member of Bananarama as a replacement for outgoing member Siobhan Fahey, who also approved of the choice. One new song, \"Love, Truth and Honesty\", was included and remixed. The other new track on the setlist was a re-recorded version of the Supremes track \"Nathan Jones\". When Bananarama toured the United States in 1989, they felt they had proven to doubters\u2014particularly the press\u2014that they were a legitimate musical entity. As member Sara Dallin told the \"Washington Times\", \"People originally thought we wouldn't last. They thought we'd be one-hit wonders... I think seven years' success has proved everybody wrong. We've finally got the success we deserve.\" Bananarama Musicians"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_76819ce61a6149caa272232fa5508646_0_q#1", "question": "In what year was the band founded?", "rewrite": "In what year was the band Bananarama founded?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bananarama were founded in London in 1981 by Fahey, Woodward and Dallin, the latter two having been childhood friends in Bristol since the age of four, and attending St. George's School for Girls together. Dallin and Fahey met in 1979 while studying fashion journalism at the London College of Fashion. They became friends because they both dressed more radically than the other students. The trio were ardent followers of the punk rock and post-punk music scene during the late 1970s and early 1980s and often performed impromptu sets or backing vocals at gigs for such bands as The Monochrome Set, Iggy Pop, The Jam, Department S and The Nipple Erectors. In 1981, Bananarama's members were living above the rehearsal room that was used by former Sex Pistols members Steve Jones and Paul Cook. With their help, Bananarama recorded their first demo \"Aie a Mwana\" (UK #92, a cover of a song by Black Blood, sung in Swahili). The demo was heard at Demon Records, who consequently offered Bananarama their first deal. The song was an underground hit and Bananarama were signed by Decca (later London Records) and remained on the label until 1993. During this early period Bananarama were approached by Malcolm McLaren, who offered to manage the group. McLaren, manager of the Sex Pistols and Bow Wow Wow, and notorious for generating scandal, proposed some new material that was sexually suggestive, and did not fit with what at the time was the band's tomboyish and straightforward image. Bananarama passed on both the material and McLaren as their manager. UK fashion magazine The Face featured an article on Bananarama after the release of their first single.", "\"Absolutely Fabulous\" evolved from a \"French & Saunders\" sketch called \"Modern Mother and Daughter\" (from series 3 episode 6), which starred Saunders as the mother (named 'Adrianna') and French as the daughter, already named Saffron. The sketch revolved around a middle-aged, single mother who acted like a teenager, and was reliant upon the emotional and financial support of her teenage daughter, who behaved like a middle-aged woman. It has no connection, other than the character's name, to the earlier film \"Eddie Monsoon: A Life? \", a comedy play written by Saunders' husband Adrian Edmondson in 1984 for the TV series \"The Comic Strip Presents...\". The name \"Edina Monsoon\" is derived from Edmondson's name and \"Eddy Monsoon\" is a nickname of his. According to an article published in \"The Times\", the character of Edina was based on Lynne Franks. Franks believed Saunders had observed her and her children in detail after joining them on a family holiday. Josh Howie, Franks' son, reported that his mother was upset because one of her best friends \"had taken the piss out of her\" in a TV show. Saunders revealed in 2012 that she was also inspired by pop band Bananarama with whom she and Dawn French had become friends after their Comic Relief collaboration in 1989. \"The nights with Bananarama were some of the best nights of my life, and I got a lot of gags from Bananarama because they were big vodka drinkers... when I started doing AbFab, I remembered all of the falls that I saw Bananarama do. I once saw one of them coming out of a cab bottom first and hitting the road, and I thought 'that's class'\".", "This version did not meet with the same critical acclaim as Adams' version, but, after having failed to chart when released the first time in May 1992, the single gained an unexpected boost in popularity due to controversy in the UK music media about the band's name: they shared their name with a German heavy metal band who had been recording under the same since 1984. After changing their name to \"En-Rage\" in some European countries to avoid legal action from the German band, they re-released the single six months later, and this time it peaked at number 3 in the UK (eight places higher than the Bryan Adams version) in November 1992. CD-maxi \"Run to You\" has been covered by numerous artists. The second was an alternative rock version by Lou Barlow on the 1993 extended play album, \"Lou Barlow and Friends: Another Collection of Home Recordings\". A German band named Novaspace covered \"Run to You\" on their 2003 album, \"Cubes\" which was heavily inspired by dance and pop music. The Japanese rock band Nil covered \"Run to You\" on their 2004 cover album \"The Covering Inferno\". The Norwegian hard rock singer and songwriter J\u00f8rn Lande covered \"Run to You\" on his cover album \"Unlocking the Past\" on the Japanese edition of the album. In 2009 U.K. girl band Bananarama released their own version as a digital pre-order only to their album \"Viva\". Finnish metal band Sonata Arctica covered the song on their 2016 album The Ninth Hour. The song appears on Flash FM radio station in \"\". It has been mashed up with Metallica's \"Enter Sandman\" on YouTube. Canadian rock bands Arkells and The Reason covered the song together at both Edgefest and the Festival of Friends.", "World Tour (Bananarama) The World Tour is the second concert tour by British girl group Bananarama. The first tour was a \"warm up\" under the name of \"Lovekids Tour 1988\" and was only performed in Japan. The 1989 World Tour supported four studio albums, \"Deep Sea Skiving\", \"Bananarama\", \"True Confessions\", and \"Wow!\". This tour which hit North America, Asia, Australia, Ireland and the UK promoted the group's \"Greatest Hits Collection\". At the same time, Bananarama entered the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as the all-female group who have the most chart entries in history, a record they still hold. Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward had known Jacqui O'Sullivan since they were eighteen and had invited to become a member of Bananarama as a replacement for outgoing member Siobhan Fahey, who also approved of the choice. One new song, \"Love, Truth and Honesty\", was included and remixed. The other new track on the setlist was a re-recorded version of the Supremes track \"Nathan Jones\". When Bananarama toured the United States in 1989, they felt they had proven to doubters\u2014particularly the press\u2014that they were a legitimate musical entity. As member Sara Dallin told the \"Washington Times\", \"People originally thought we wouldn't last. They thought we'd be one-hit wonders... I think seven years' success has proved everybody wrong. We've finally got the success we deserve.\" Bananarama Musicians", "In 1988, Jacquie O'Sullivan was asked in \"Smash Hits\" magazine whether they made any good records and she replied: \"Um... as far as I'm concerned they weren't very good...\" In 1986, Jacquie O'Sullivan and Lynder Halpin created another group called Max Attraction. It was composed of O'Sullivan, Halpin, Boz Boorer, Phil Bloomberg, Neil Rooney, John Buck, Hilary C. Book, and Shirley. They toured with Gary Glitter and Captain Sensible and did some demos, but nothing got released and the group parted ways a year later. In 1986 Trisha O'Flynn became part of the female group Coming Up Roses (created by two ex-members of cult band Dolly Mixture), playing the saxophone, but it didn't last long and she, alongside Leigh Luscious (guitar) and Claire Kenny (bass), left the band. The band did not release any records while she was part of it. In 1988 Jacquie O'Sullivan joined girl band Bananarama, where she enjoyed several UK top 40 hits (including 2 top 5 hits). After promoting a Greatest Hits album and releasing a studio album, she left the group for good in late 1991. She then formed the group Slippry Feet with friend Paul Simper. Lynder Halpin married Boz Boorer and played in some indie bands. In 1993 Jacquie O'Sullivan, Halpin, and Boz Boorer got together again as the Shillelagh Sisters for a Japanese tour. They recorded an album in one day, titled \"Tyrannical Mex\", prior to the tour, and then went to Japan with drummer Woodie Taylor. The tour was a success."], "answer": {"text": "Bananarama experienced their greatest success during the period 1982 to 1989,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in the group Bananarama?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_76819ce61a6149caa272232fa5508646_0_q#2", "question": "What were their top 10 hits?", "rewrite": "What were Bananarama's top 10 hits?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dallin first appeared on stage with Woodward and friend Mel O'Brien at the Camden Palace (now KOKO) with their friend Vaughn Toulouse's band, Department S. Dallin, Woodward and Fahey first appeared on stage (in what would become Bananarama) with the Monochrome Set (friends of Siobhan) at the Rainbow Theatre supporting Iggy Pop. The trio then started rehearsing with musician friends and recorded their first demo \"Aie A Mwana\", which they performed at various clubs around London, such as (Colonel Barefoot's Rock Garden, The Embassy and The Wag Club). They came to the attention of Demon Records, signed a one-off singles deal, and \"Aie A Mwana\" was released. It was played by legendary BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel who championed young bands. Terry Hall (ex-Specials) heard the track and bought it and then saw a photo of Bananarama in what was referred to as the 'style bible', a magazine called \"The Face\". He had just formed a group called Fun Boy 3 and contacted them to ask if they would sing on some tracks on their new album. The single release \"\u2018T\u2019Aint What You Do\" became a top five hit, propelling Bananarama into the limelight. Dallin, Fahey and Woodward formed Bananarama and released their first single, \"Aie a Mwana\", in 1981. The trio went on to have a string of top 10 hits in the UK, including \"Shy Boy\" (1982), \"Robert De Niro's Waiting\" (1984) and \"Love in the First Degree\" (1987). They also achieved international success, including in the United States, where they had top 10 hits with \"Cruel Summer\" (1984), \"Venus\" (number one in 1986) and", "Since most of \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\" was recorded in Seattle, Prince Rama garnered influences from the works of American rock band Nirvana. The album also features elements of new wave, cosmic disco, grunge, what the press release described as \"tribal goth,\" \"motorcycle rock,\" and \"ghost-modern glam.\" \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\" has garnered comparisons to artists such as Bananarama, Siouxsie & the Banshees, Haysi Fantayzee, Kajagoogoo, and Zodiac Mindwarp by critics. A writer for \"The Phoenix\" categorized it in the same league as the works of artist M.I.A. due to its combination of \"odd modalities and ceremonial percussion\" with elements of pop music, club music, \"sexy gothic atmospheres,\" and \"repetitive hooks. \" Willcoma of \"Tiny Mix Tapes\" wrote, \"played at the proper volume, the songs imbue a towering miasma of spacey fascination and perhaps even kitsch-love.\" He wrote that the duo's love for psychedelic and synthesizer music on the LP is \"fetishistic like so many other pillagers of those key periods, but it is (as with Ariel Pink) too restless to be a calculated homage.\" The cover art of \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\" was designed by Jo Cutri. It is a 1980s-style cover that displays the phrase \" As Seen On TV\" and uses Sega Genesis-style typography. The artwork ranked number 23 on a list of \"The 25 Best Album Covers of 2012\" by \"Complex\" magazine where they praised its \"so bad it's good\" aspect. \"", "One-hundred and forty-nine singles charted in the top 10 in 1983, with one-hundred and thirty-nine singles reaching their peak this year. Thirty-three artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 1983. Michael Jackson secured the record for most top 10 hits in 1983 with five hit singles. Billy Joel was one of a number of artists with two top-ten entries, including the number-one single \"Uptown Girl\". Bananarama, David Essex, Heaven 17, Lionel Richie and The Police were among the other artists who had multiple top 10 entries in 1983. Forty-eight artists achieved their first top 10 single in 1983, either as a lead or featured artist. Of these, seven went on to record another hit single that year: Big Country, Billy Joel, Heaven 17, JoBoxers, Malcolm McLaren, The Style Council and Thompson Twins. Three artists achieved two more chart hits in 1983: Kajagoogoo, Paul Young and Tracey Ullman. Eurythmics had three other entries in their breakthrough year. The following table (collapsed on desktop site) does not include acts who had previously charted as part of a group and secured their first top 10 solo single. Phil Everly achieved his first solo top ten single in 1983, his collaboration with Cliff Richard, \"She Means Nothing to Me\", landing at number nine. With his brother Don, the Everly Brothers had 13 top ten hits between 1957 and 1965. Tom Robinson fronted the Tom Robinson Band from 1976 to 1979, with their biggest hit \"2-4-6-8 Motorway\" reaching number 5. \" War Baby\" became his first and only solo top 10 single. Tina Turner's previous recordings were all with her husband Ike under the name Ike & Tina Turner, debuting with the number 3 hit \"River Deep Mountain High\" in 1966.", "Top 10 Hits of the End of the World Top 10 Hits of the End of the World is a studio album by psychedelic dance duo Prince Rama consisting of sisters Taraka and Nimai Larson. Produced by Scott Colburn, it is a \"retrospective requiem of all pop albums ever made\" where Prince Rama revives the spirits of ten fictional musical acts who died during the apocalypse to perform hits: Arabian group Guns of Dubai, English dance act I.M.M.O.R.T.A.L.I.F.E., mafia musical group Nu Fighters, protest band Rage Peace, architect group Taohaus, bollywood film soundtrack duo Goloka, Black Elk Speaks, virtual group Hyparxia, \"dancerise\" duo The Metaphysixxx, and commercially successful group Motel Memory. The apocalypse concept of \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\" was inspired by the works of Chris Marker, Paul Laffoley, and Jean Baudrillard and continues Prince Rama's idea of the \"now age\" present in their previous records, where a period or moment becomes lost once it is named a \"now age.\" A major theme of the album is based on musical acts in real life that \"possess\" the spirits of musical groups and artists that came before, such as Lady Gaga channeling Madonna and Creed channeling Pearl Jam. Musically, \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\" was influenced by pop music from several nations such as Arabian territories, France, Sweden, and Cambodia. It also includes elements of several genres such as what Paw Tracks' press release described as \"tribal goth,\" \"motorcycle rock,\" and \"ghost-modern glam.\"", "The Skinny\" wrote that, while the concept of the LP was \"clever enough,\" Prince Rama musically departed from the \"fascinating\" sound of their past records for a \"low-rent Gang Gang Dance\" style that consists of too many \"bare-bones synth/guitar jams.\" Kivel wrote that the concept of \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\" was invalidated by the fact that it \"sees a band with a highly stylized identity sitting inside of another band with a highly stylized identity\" and that \"more often than not, these halves clash, one entirely overpowering the other.\" However, \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\" still garnered a fair amount of favorable reviews. Some of them noted how the concept influenced the quality of the music, some found it superior to Prince Rama's best albums, and others praised the visual aspect of the LP's physical release. Jonathan Donaldso of \"The Phoenix\" wrote that listeners can have a ton of enjoyment listening to the album without knowing its concept. A reviewer for \"Impose\" magazine described the album as \"a polemic on the flagging state of culture and its lack of meaning in spirit and heart\" and praised it as \"at times meditative, often high-energy, and with an excellent through-line that rarely leaves the listener disengaged or disappointed.\" \"Rookie\" magazine's Eleanor Hardwick called it one of the best albums of 2012. Adapted from the liner notes of \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\". Credits adapted from the press release by Paw Tracks and the liner notes of \"Top 10 Hits of the End of the World\"."], "answer": {"text": "Deep Sea Skiving (UK #7, US #63) (1983) contained several hit singles -- \"Really Saying Something\" (UK #5) and \"Shy Boy\" (UK #4) -- and", "answer_start": 182}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in the group Bananarama?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was the band founded?", "answer": {"text": "Bananarama experienced their greatest success during the period 1982 to 1989,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_76819ce61a6149caa272232fa5508646_0_q#3", "question": "Who eventually signed them?", "rewrite": "Who eventually signed Bananarama?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shy Boy \" Shy Boy\" is a song recorded by English girl group Bananarama. It appears on their 1983 debut album \"Deep Sea Skiving\" and was released as its second single. It was written and produced by the production team of Steve Jolley and Tony Swain and marked the first in a long line of studio collaborations between them and Bananarama. The song is rumoured to be a tribute to teenaged London pirate radio comedian Mark Gould whom Bananarama subsequently demanded as their Christmas present for 1983 on the Christmas edition of BBC1's \"Show Business\" programme, which was broadcast on 16 December 1983. Released in summer 1982, \"Shy Boy\" became the third consecutive single by Bananarama to hit the top-five, reaching number four in the UK singles chart. It also was a success in Australia, where it reached number two, becoming their first top 40 hit in that country. Top-ten success also followed in New Zealand and Canada. \" Shy Boy\" charted well on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart and was the first of Bananarama's singles to dent the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, peaking at number 83. The song was known as \"Shy Boy (Don't it make you feel good)\" in the USA. The song was originally called \"Big Red Motorbike\", however Bananarama didn't like the lyrics and changed it to \"Shy Boy\". The music video was directed by Midge Ure and Chris Cross who were then members of the group Ultravox. It featured the girls giving a nerdy guy a make-over, turning him into a stud. When his new look attracts the attention of a sexy secretary, the girls get revenge by dousing him with a bucket of water.", "The Greatest Remixes Collection The Greatest Remixes Collection is a compilation of Bananarama remixes released exclusively in Southeast Asia in 1990. At the time of the release, the only mix that had not been issued on CD was the Miami Mix of \"I Heard a Rumour\", although none of the mixes had ever been compiled on a Bananarama album. Subsequently some of the mixes have been available on easier to find Bananarama albums, such as \"The Very Best of Bananarama\" double CD or \"The Twelve Inches of Bananarama\". The album has become very rare and expensive. Bananarama Additional personnel", "Bananarama were founded in London in 1981 by Fahey, Woodward and Dallin, the latter two having been childhood friends in Bristol since the age of four, and attending St. George's School for Girls together. Dallin and Fahey met in 1979 while studying fashion journalism at the London College of Fashion. They became friends because they both dressed more radically than the other students. The trio were ardent followers of the punk rock and post-punk music scene during the late 1970s and early 1980s and often performed impromptu sets or backing vocals at gigs for such bands as The Monochrome Set, Iggy Pop, The Jam, Department S and The Nipple Erectors. In 1981, Bananarama's members were living above the rehearsal room that was used by former Sex Pistols members Steve Jones and Paul Cook. With their help, Bananarama recorded their first demo \"Aie a Mwana\" (UK #92, a cover of a song by Black Blood, sung in Swahili). The demo was heard at Demon Records, who consequently offered Bananarama their first deal. The song was an underground hit and Bananarama were signed by Decca (later London Records) and remained on the label until 1993. During this early period Bananarama were approached by Malcolm McLaren, who offered to manage the group. McLaren, manager of the Sex Pistols and Bow Wow Wow, and notorious for generating scandal, proposed some new material that was sexually suggestive, and did not fit with what at the time was the band's tomboyish and straightforward image. Bananarama passed on both the material and McLaren as their manager. UK fashion magazine The Face featured an article on Bananarama after the release of their first single.", "She also participated in Band Aid II's 1989 re-recording of \"Do They Know It's Christmas?\". O'Sullivan's only songwriting credits with Bananarama appeared on the song \"Love, Truth and Honesty\" from the compilation album \"Greatest Hits Collection\" and on the song \"Only Your Love\". In 1991, Bananarama recorded the album \"Pop Life\", the only full-length album on which O'Sullivan appeared. She later stated in an interview that her role in Bananarama was that of a paid employee. O'Sullivan was given no say in the creative, musical or visual direction of the group. The constant emphasis by the music press that she was the \"new girl\" , along with constant questions of \"How does it feel to replace Siobhan?\", and that she herself had a lack of a voice in group decisions, prompted her to exit Bananarama, a split which was amicable with Dallin and Woodward. When French and Saunders parodied Bananarama in their 1988 Christmas special as \"Lananenenoonoo\", O'Sullivan was portrayed by Kathy Burke as \"Kim\". O'Sullivan's perceived lack of input into the group was used as a source of humour, with Kim ignored and dismissed in interviews and group discussions. When she left Bananarama, O'Sullivan formed the disco act Slippry Feet from 1992 to 1996. They recorded songs for a record titled \"Freak Time Viewing\" and then disbanded. In 2001, O\u2019Sullivan signed a three-album deal with AlmaFame Records, featuring unreleased songs from throughout her music career. The first release in late 2001 was the Slippry Feet album \"Freak Time Viewing\".", "World Tour (Bananarama) The World Tour is the second concert tour by British girl group Bananarama. The first tour was a \"warm up\" under the name of \"Lovekids Tour 1988\" and was only performed in Japan. The 1989 World Tour supported four studio albums, \"Deep Sea Skiving\", \"Bananarama\", \"True Confessions\", and \"Wow!\". This tour which hit North America, Asia, Australia, Ireland and the UK promoted the group's \"Greatest Hits Collection\". At the same time, Bananarama entered the \"Guinness Book of World Records\" as the all-female group who have the most chart entries in history, a record they still hold. Sara Dallin and Keren Woodward had known Jacqui O'Sullivan since they were eighteen and had invited to become a member of Bananarama as a replacement for outgoing member Siobhan Fahey, who also approved of the choice. One new song, \"Love, Truth and Honesty\", was included and remixed. The other new track on the setlist was a re-recorded version of the Supremes track \"Nathan Jones\". When Bananarama toured the United States in 1989, they felt they had proven to doubters\u2014particularly the press\u2014that they were a legitimate musical entity. As member Sara Dallin told the \"Washington Times\", \"People originally thought we wouldn't last. They thought we'd be one-hit wonders... I think seven years' success has proved everybody wrong. We've finally got the success we deserve.\" Bananarama Musicians"], "answer": {"text": "London Records", "answer_start": 287}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in the group Bananarama?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was the band founded?", "answer": {"text": "Bananarama experienced their greatest success during the period 1982 to 1989,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were their top 10 hits?", "answer": {"text": "Deep Sea Skiving (UK #7, US #63) (1983) contained several hit singles -- \"Really Saying Something\" (UK #5) and \"Shy Boy\" (UK #4) -- and", "answer_start": 182, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#0", "question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "rewrite": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University.", "The NSSA is the only national organization which brings together the two crafts of sportscasting and sportswriting. There are approximately 1,100 dues-paying members. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters Foundation Board is made up of individuals in Salisbury, North Carolina, as well as the current national board president, who feel that sports in the United States are important. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters themselves have a Board of Directors. In addition, The Hall of Fame, Inc. has been set up as the educational arm of the NSSA, and it has tax-exempt status granted by the Internal Revenue Service. The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award is an award that has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the NSMA, and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the American Heart Association. The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Award ceremony is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. The NSMA established the Clarence \"Big House\" Gaines College Basketball Coach of the Year Awards in 2010, with the first presentation occurring in 2011. The awards are presented to two head coaches \u2013 one in NCAA Division I and one in Division II \u2013 at the annual NSMA awards banquet. The purpose of the award is to recognize coaches who might not receive recognition from \"mainstream outlets.\"", "The game was rescheduled for December 1, when Alabama routed A&M, 30\u201310. Curry also suspended Alabama quarterback Jeff Dunn for breaking team rules prior to the 1988 Sun Bowl against Army. Curry was honored in 1989 as the SEC Coach of the Year and received the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award. With all the success the Crimson Tide were having, most believed Curry would remain at Alabama for a long time as the head coach. However, he was on far less secure ground than it seemed due to tensions within the athletic department and three straight losses against arch-rival Auburn. Matters came to a head in early 1990, when Alabama offered him a new contract that, among other things, stripped him of his power to hire and fire his own staff. Curry responded by accepting an offer to become head coach at Kentucky. This move shocked the college football world. Curry later was the head coach of the Georgia State Panthers. Alabama sought someone with ties to Bear Bryant by hiring Gene Stallings, who had been recently fired as head coach of the Phoenix Cardinals. Stallings had been a member of the Junction Boys, a group of players who trained under Bryant during his tenure at Texas A&M. As Head Coach of Texas A&M, Stallings had led the Aggies to a 20-16 victory over Bryant's 1967 team in the 1968 Cotton Bowl, after which Bear Bryant carried him off the field to celebrate the victory of his former player. In his first season, the Tide lost their first three games, but rebounded to finish off the season with a 7\u20135 record which included a berth in the Fiesta Bowl. Alabama lost to Louisville 34\u20137. The following season proved to be much more successful. Alabama finished with an 11\u20131 record, losing to SEC Champion Florida Gators 35-0, but defeating rivals Tennessee and Auburn.", "\" Following the resignation, the members of the football team issued a statement in support of their former coach:\"We believe that whatever happened to Mr. Stiteler was a personal matter and it should have remained that. A lot of us boys came to A. and M. in 1948 not because A. and M. had won games but simply because of Harry Stiteler and his character. He has never ceased to set us that same example in the years we have played and worked for him.\" In three years as the head coach at Texas A&M, Stiteler compiled a record of 8\u201321\u20132. Raymond George, previously USC's defensive line coach, was hired as the 17th head coach of the Texas A&M Aggies after the Stiteler scandal. He served as head coach for three seasons, from 1951 to 1953, during which time the Aggies produced a total record of 12-14-4. Among A&M's notable wins during this time period were victories over Bud Wilkinson's Oklahoma Sooners, Henry Russell Sanders' UCLA Bruins and Bear Bryant's Kentucky Wildcats. George resigned as the Aggies head coach following the 1953 season. Legendary coach Bear Bryant arrived in College Station after successful head coaching tenures at Maryland and Kentucky, signing a contract worth $15,000 per year. The Aggies suffered through a grueling 1-9 record in Bryant's first season, which began with the infamous training camp in Junction, Texas, during which time many Aggie football players quit the team. The \"survivors\" were given the name \"Junction Boys.\" Two years later, Bryant led the team to the Southwest Conference championship with a 34\u201321 victory over Texas in Austin. The following year, star running back John David Crow won the Heisman Trophy and the Aggies were in title contention until they lost to Rice Owls.", "Paul &quot;Bear&quot; Bryant Award The American Heart Association (AHA) Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Awards are an annual awards banquet that is hosted each year in January, in Houston, Texas, by the AHA. There are two awards. One of them\u2014the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Coach of the Year Award\u2014has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the National Sports Media Association (formerly the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association) and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the Houston chapter of the American Heart Association, which is the organizing sponsor\u2014since 1986, at the request of the Bryant family\u2014and which obtains a \"presenting sponsor\" (currently Marathon Oil Corporation). The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Awards is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. Unlike many college football head coaching awards, it is presented after each season's bowl games. In 2000, the AHA began presenting a second award, the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Lifetime Achievement Award. 2000 \u2013 Darrell Royal 2001 \u2013 Charles McClendon 2002 \u2013 Bill Yeoman 2003 \u2013 Frank Broyles 2004 \u2013 Gene Stallings 2005 \u2013 Lou Holtz 2006 \u2013 Jack Pardee 2007 \u2013 Bo Schembechler 2008 \u2013 Tom Osborne 2009 \u2013"], "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#1", "question": "How long was he in the hospital?", "rewrite": "How long was Bear Bryant in the hospital on January 25, 1983?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University.", "In that game, Mitchell became the first black player to start for the Tide. Alabama was among the last schools in college football to integrate African-American players. Bryant was not only loved by the people in and around the state of Alabama and the southeastern U.S., but by coaches all over the nation. John McKay, the legendary USC coach, had these words to say about Bryant. \" He was not just a coach, he was \"the\" coach\". Another quote about Bryant, from Bob Devaney, former Nebraska Cornhuskers head coach, is \"He was simply the best there ever was.\" Bryant's final game as head coach of Alabama came in the 1982 Liberty Bowl. Bryant's retirement made the Liberty Bowl one of the most covered games that season as many news stations and newspapers sent reporters to cover the game. Alabama earned a 21\u201315 victory over Illinois. During his tenure at Alabama, Bryant led Alabama to a 232\u201346\u20139 record. His achievements included 6 national championships, 13 Southeastern Conference titles, 24 bowl appearances, and 12 bowl victories. In his 25 seasons, he led the Crimson Tide to 24 consecutive bowl appearances. At the time of his retirement, Bryant had recorded an NCAA record 323 wins. Bryant once said if he retired that he would \"probably croak in a week\" and said, \"I imagine I'd go straight to the graveyard. \" Four weeks after coaching his final game, Bear Bryant died of a heart attack on January 26, 1983. Former New York Giants head coach Ray Perkins replaced Bryant, under whom he played in the early 1960s. In his first season head coach, Alabama finished the regular season at 7\u20134, just as it had done in the previous year. In the Sun Bowl, Alabama upset the #5-ranked SMU Mustangs 28\u20137.", "Paul &quot;Bear&quot; Bryant Award The American Heart Association (AHA) Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Awards are an annual awards banquet that is hosted each year in January, in Houston, Texas, by the AHA. There are two awards. One of them\u2014the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Coach of the Year Award\u2014has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the National Sports Media Association (formerly the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association) and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the Houston chapter of the American Heart Association, which is the organizing sponsor\u2014since 1986, at the request of the Bryant family\u2014and which obtains a \"presenting sponsor\" (currently Marathon Oil Corporation). The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Awards is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. Unlike many college football head coaching awards, it is presented after each season's bowl games. In 2000, the AHA began presenting a second award, the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Lifetime Achievement Award. 2000 \u2013 Darrell Royal 2001 \u2013 Charles McClendon 2002 \u2013 Bill Yeoman 2003 \u2013 Frank Broyles 2004 \u2013 Gene Stallings 2005 \u2013 Lou Holtz 2006 \u2013 Jack Pardee 2007 \u2013 Bo Schembechler 2008 \u2013 Tom Osborne 2009 \u2013", "The game was rescheduled for December 1, when Alabama routed A&M, 30\u201310. Curry also suspended Alabama quarterback Jeff Dunn for breaking team rules prior to the 1988 Sun Bowl against Army. Curry was honored in 1989 as the SEC Coach of the Year and received the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award. With all the success the Crimson Tide were having, most believed Curry would remain at Alabama for a long time as the head coach. However, he was on far less secure ground than it seemed due to tensions within the athletic department and three straight losses against arch-rival Auburn. Matters came to a head in early 1990, when Alabama offered him a new contract that, among other things, stripped him of his power to hire and fire his own staff. Curry responded by accepting an offer to become head coach at Kentucky. This move shocked the college football world. Curry later was the head coach of the Georgia State Panthers. Alabama sought someone with ties to Bear Bryant by hiring Gene Stallings, who had been recently fired as head coach of the Phoenix Cardinals. Stallings had been a member of the Junction Boys, a group of players who trained under Bryant during his tenure at Texas A&M. As Head Coach of Texas A&M, Stallings had led the Aggies to a 20-16 victory over Bryant's 1967 team in the 1968 Cotton Bowl, after which Bear Bryant carried him off the field to celebrate the victory of his former player. In his first season, the Tide lost their first three games, but rebounded to finish off the season with a 7\u20135 record which included a berth in the Fiesta Bowl. Alabama lost to Louisville 34\u20137. The following season proved to be much more successful. Alabama finished with an 11\u20131 record, losing to SEC Champion Florida Gators 35-0, but defeating rivals Tennessee and Auburn.", "The NSSA is the only national organization which brings together the two crafts of sportscasting and sportswriting. There are approximately 1,100 dues-paying members. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters Foundation Board is made up of individuals in Salisbury, North Carolina, as well as the current national board president, who feel that sports in the United States are important. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters themselves have a Board of Directors. In addition, The Hall of Fame, Inc. has been set up as the educational arm of the NSSA, and it has tax-exempt status granted by the Internal Revenue Service. The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award is an award that has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the NSMA, and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the American Heart Association. The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Award ceremony is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. The NSMA established the Clarence \"Big House\" Gaines College Basketball Coach of the Year Awards in 2010, with the first presentation occurring in 2011. The awards are presented to two head coaches \u2013 one in NCAA Division I and one in Division II \u2013 at the annual NSMA awards banquet. The purpose of the award is to recognize coaches who might not receive recognition from \"mainstream outlets.\""], "answer": {"text": "A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "answer_start": 1628}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#2", "question": "What year did he retire?", "rewrite": "What year did Bear Bryant retire?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paul &quot;Bear&quot; Bryant Award The American Heart Association (AHA) Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Awards are an annual awards banquet that is hosted each year in January, in Houston, Texas, by the AHA. There are two awards. One of them\u2014the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Coach of the Year Award\u2014has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the National Sports Media Association (formerly the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association) and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the Houston chapter of the American Heart Association, which is the organizing sponsor\u2014since 1986, at the request of the Bryant family\u2014and which obtains a \"presenting sponsor\" (currently Marathon Oil Corporation). The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Awards is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. Unlike many college football head coaching awards, it is presented after each season's bowl games. In 2000, the AHA began presenting a second award, the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Lifetime Achievement Award. 2000 \u2013 Darrell Royal 2001 \u2013 Charles McClendon 2002 \u2013 Bill Yeoman 2003 \u2013 Frank Broyles 2004 \u2013 Gene Stallings 2005 \u2013 Lou Holtz 2006 \u2013 Jack Pardee 2007 \u2013 Bo Schembechler 2008 \u2013 Tom Osborne 2009 \u2013", "The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University.", "The NSSA is the only national organization which brings together the two crafts of sportscasting and sportswriting. There are approximately 1,100 dues-paying members. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters Foundation Board is made up of individuals in Salisbury, North Carolina, as well as the current national board president, who feel that sports in the United States are important. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters themselves have a Board of Directors. In addition, The Hall of Fame, Inc. has been set up as the educational arm of the NSSA, and it has tax-exempt status granted by the Internal Revenue Service. The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award is an award that has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the NSMA, and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the American Heart Association. The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Award ceremony is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. The NSMA established the Clarence \"Big House\" Gaines College Basketball Coach of the Year Awards in 2010, with the first presentation occurring in 2011. The awards are presented to two head coaches \u2013 one in NCAA Division I and one in Division II \u2013 at the annual NSMA awards banquet. The purpose of the award is to recognize coaches who might not receive recognition from \"mainstream outlets.\"", "Atakent (Tram \u0130zmir) Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is a light-rail station on the Kar\u015f\u0131yaka Tram line of the Tram \u0130zmir network. The station consists of an island platform serving two tracks. Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is located on Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far Street in Atakent, Kar\u015f\u0131yaka. The station was opened on 11 April 2017, along with the entire tram line. ESHOT operates city bus service on Caher Dudayev Boulevard.", "Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far (Tram \u0130zmir) Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is a light-rail station on the Kar\u015f\u0131yaka Tram line of the Tram \u0130zmir network. The station consists of an island platform serving two tracks. Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is located on Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far Street in Atakent, Kar\u015f\u0131yaka. The station was opened on 11 April 2017, along with the entire tram line."], "answer": {"text": "1982", "answer_start": 766}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he in the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he retire from?", "rewrite": "Where did Bear Bryant retire from?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far (Tram \u0130zmir) Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is a light-rail station on the Kar\u015f\u0131yaka Tram line of the Tram \u0130zmir network. The station consists of an island platform serving two tracks. Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is located on Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far Street in Atakent, Kar\u015f\u0131yaka. The station was opened on 11 April 2017, along with the entire tram line.", "Atakent (Tram \u0130zmir) Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is a light-rail station on the Kar\u015f\u0131yaka Tram line of the Tram \u0130zmir network. The station consists of an island platform serving two tracks. Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far is located on Sel\u00e7uk Ya\u015far Street in Atakent, Kar\u015f\u0131yaka. The station was opened on 11 April 2017, along with the entire tram line. ESHOT operates city bus service on Caher Dudayev Boulevard.", "The NSSA is the only national organization which brings together the two crafts of sportscasting and sportswriting. There are approximately 1,100 dues-paying members. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters Foundation Board is made up of individuals in Salisbury, North Carolina, as well as the current national board president, who feel that sports in the United States are important. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters themselves have a Board of Directors. In addition, The Hall of Fame, Inc. has been set up as the educational arm of the NSSA, and it has tax-exempt status granted by the Internal Revenue Service. The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award is an award that has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the NSMA, and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the American Heart Association. The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Award ceremony is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. The NSMA established the Clarence \"Big House\" Gaines College Basketball Coach of the Year Awards in 2010, with the first presentation occurring in 2011. The awards are presented to two head coaches \u2013 one in NCAA Division I and one in Division II \u2013 at the annual NSMA awards banquet. The purpose of the award is to recognize coaches who might not receive recognition from \"mainstream outlets.\"", "Paul &quot;Bear&quot; Bryant Award The American Heart Association (AHA) Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Awards are an annual awards banquet that is hosted each year in January, in Houston, Texas, by the AHA. There are two awards. One of them\u2014the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Coach of the Year Award\u2014has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the National Sports Media Association (formerly the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association) and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the Houston chapter of the American Heart Association, which is the organizing sponsor\u2014since 1986, at the request of the Bryant family\u2014and which obtains a \"presenting sponsor\" (currently Marathon Oil Corporation). The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Awards is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. Unlike many college football head coaching awards, it is presented after each season's bowl games. In 2000, the AHA began presenting a second award, the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Lifetime Achievement Award. 2000 \u2013 Darrell Royal 2001 \u2013 Charles McClendon 2002 \u2013 Bill Yeoman 2003 \u2013 Frank Broyles 2004 \u2013 Gene Stallings 2005 \u2013 Lou Holtz 2006 \u2013 Jack Pardee 2007 \u2013 Bo Schembechler 2008 \u2013 Tom Osborne 2009 \u2013", "The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he in the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he retire?", "answer": {"text": "1982", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting facts in the article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting facts in the article, aside from Bear Bryant dying after suffering a massive heart attack?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In that game, Mitchell became the first black player to start for the Tide. Alabama was among the last schools in college football to integrate African-American players. Bryant was not only loved by the people in and around the state of Alabama and the southeastern U.S., but by coaches all over the nation. John McKay, the legendary USC coach, had these words to say about Bryant. \" He was not just a coach, he was \"the\" coach\". Another quote about Bryant, from Bob Devaney, former Nebraska Cornhuskers head coach, is \"He was simply the best there ever was.\" Bryant's final game as head coach of Alabama came in the 1982 Liberty Bowl. Bryant's retirement made the Liberty Bowl one of the most covered games that season as many news stations and newspapers sent reporters to cover the game. Alabama earned a 21\u201315 victory over Illinois. During his tenure at Alabama, Bryant led Alabama to a 232\u201346\u20139 record. His achievements included 6 national championships, 13 Southeastern Conference titles, 24 bowl appearances, and 12 bowl victories. In his 25 seasons, he led the Crimson Tide to 24 consecutive bowl appearances. At the time of his retirement, Bryant had recorded an NCAA record 323 wins. Bryant once said if he retired that he would \"probably croak in a week\" and said, \"I imagine I'd go straight to the graveyard. \" Four weeks after coaching his final game, Bear Bryant died of a heart attack on January 26, 1983. Former New York Giants head coach Ray Perkins replaced Bryant, under whom he played in the early 1960s. In his first season head coach, Alabama finished the regular season at 7\u20134, just as it had done in the previous year. In the Sun Bowl, Alabama upset the #5-ranked SMU Mustangs 28\u20137.", "Paul &quot;Bear&quot; Bryant Award The American Heart Association (AHA) Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Awards are an annual awards banquet that is hosted each year in January, in Houston, Texas, by the AHA. There are two awards. One of them\u2014the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Coach of the Year Award\u2014has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the National Sports Media Association (formerly the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association) and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the Houston chapter of the American Heart Association, which is the organizing sponsor\u2014since 1986, at the request of the Bryant family\u2014and which obtains a \"presenting sponsor\" (currently Marathon Oil Corporation). The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Awards is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. Unlike many college football head coaching awards, it is presented after each season's bowl games. In 2000, the AHA began presenting a second award, the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Lifetime Achievement Award. 2000 \u2013 Darrell Royal 2001 \u2013 Charles McClendon 2002 \u2013 Bill Yeoman 2003 \u2013 Frank Broyles 2004 \u2013 Gene Stallings 2005 \u2013 Lou Holtz 2006 \u2013 Jack Pardee 2007 \u2013 Bo Schembechler 2008 \u2013 Tom Osborne 2009 \u2013", "The NSSA is the only national organization which brings together the two crafts of sportscasting and sportswriting. There are approximately 1,100 dues-paying members. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters Foundation Board is made up of individuals in Salisbury, North Carolina, as well as the current national board president, who feel that sports in the United States are important. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters themselves have a Board of Directors. In addition, The Hall of Fame, Inc. has been set up as the educational arm of the NSSA, and it has tax-exempt status granted by the Internal Revenue Service. The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award is an award that has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the NSMA, and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the American Heart Association. The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Award ceremony is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. The NSMA established the Clarence \"Big House\" Gaines College Basketball Coach of the Year Awards in 2010, with the first presentation occurring in 2011. The awards are presented to two head coaches \u2013 one in NCAA Division I and one in Division II \u2013 at the annual NSMA awards banquet. The purpose of the award is to recognize coaches who might not receive recognition from \"mainstream outlets.\"", "The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University.", "The only points of the second quarter came on an Alabama trick play. Jack O'Rear took the snap and tossed the ball to halfback Tony Nathan who proceeded to pass it back to O'Rear who made the reception and took it 20 yards for a touchdown and a 24\u20130 lead. Alabama extended their lead to 30\u20130 with a pair of Berrey field goals before UCLA got on the scoreboard. Theotis Brown scored the Bruins' only points on a 61-yard touchdown run. Alabama responded with their final points with only :22 seconds remaining in the game on a 1-yard Rick Watson run making the final score 36\u20136. Alabama played in five consecutive New Year's Day bowl games following its Liberty Bowl rout of UCLA. The Crimson Tide won national championships in 1978 and 1979 with Sugar Bowl victories over Penn State and Arkansas, respectively. The Tide returned to the Liberty Bowl in 1982 in what turned out to be the final game of Bear Bryant's coaching career. Alabama defeated Illinois 21-15 for Bryant's 232nd victory at his alma mater and 323rd overall. Bryant died of a massive heart attack in Tuscaloosa on January 26, 1983 at age 69, 28 days after coaching his last game. UCLA has yet to return to the Liberty Bowl. The Pacific-8 Conference, which became the Pacific-10 in 1978 with the addition of Arizona and Arizona State, did not send another team to the Liberty Bowl until 1995, when Stanford lost to East Carolina. Alabama and UCLA played a home-and-home series in 2000 at the Rose Bowl and 2001 at Bryant-Denny Stadium. The Bruins won both contests."], "answer": {"text": "Shortly before his death, Bryant met with evangelist Robert Schuller on a plane flight and the two talked extensively about religion,", "answer_start": 402}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he in the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he retire?", "answer": {"text": "1982", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he retire from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#5", "question": "What else did they talk about?", "rewrite": "What else did Bear Bryant and evangelist Robert Schuller talk about before Bryant's death, besides religion?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bryant was a heavy smoker and drinker, and his health began to decline in the late 1970s. He collapsed of a cardiac episode in 1977 and decided to enter alcohol rehab, but after a few months of sobriety, he resumed drinking. Bryant experienced a mild stroke in 1980 that weakened the left side of his body and another cardiac episode in 1981 and was taking a battery of medications in his final years. Shortly before his death, Bryant met with evangelist Robert Schuller on a plane flight and the two talked extensively about religion, which apparently had a considerable impression on the coach, who felt considerable guilt over his mistreatment of the Junction Boys and hiding his smoking and drinking habits from his mother. After a sixth-place SEC finish in the 1982 season that included losses to LSU and Tennessee each for the first time since 1970, Bryant, who had turned 69 that September, decided to retire, stating, \"This is my school, my alma mater. I love it and I love my players. But in my opinion, they deserved better coaching than they have been getting from me this year.\" His last regular season game was a 23-22 loss to Auburn and his last postseason game was a 21-15 victory in the Liberty Bowl in Memphis, Tennessee, over the University of Illinois. After the game, Bryant was asked what he planned to do now that he was retired. He replied \"Probably croak in a week.\" His reply proved eerily prophetic. Four weeks after making that comment, and just one day after passing a routine medical checkup, on January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain. A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "Robert A. Schuller Robert Anthony Schuller (born October 7, 1954) is an American author, televangelist and pastor and the only son of Crystal Cathedral founders Robert H. Schuller and Arvella Schuller. He was formerly a minister on the \"Hour of Power\" weekly television program broadcast from the Crystal Cathedral in Orange County, California. He appeared on the program almost every week since 1976. He was installed as the senior pastor in January 2006. According to the \"Hour of Power\" website, he resigned as senior pastor on November 29, 2008. He continues his ministry with Robert Schuller Ministries. Schuller was born in Blue Island, Illinois and raised in Garden Grove, California until 3rd Grade, when his family moved to Santa Ana where he attended Santa Ana High School. He graduated in 1976 from Hope College in Holland, Michigan, with a bachelor's degree in ancient civilization. He was also employed at the Crystal Cathedral, leading worship services on Sunday evenings, developing a 24-hour prayer group and organizing small group fellowships and appearing on the \"Hour of Power\" reading scripture and occasionally preaching. In 1980, Schuller became an ordained minister in the Reformed Church in America, after receiving a Master of Divinity degree from Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, California. He received an honorary doctorate degree from National Hispanic University in San Jose, California in 1996. He received another honorary doctorate from the California Graduate School of Theology in 2008. Schuller has four grown children, two granddaughters and two grandsons. He lives in Newport Beach, California. Schuller's first marriage ended in divorce in 1983 and he married his current wife, Donna, on November 10, 1984. In 1981, Schuller founded Rancho Capistrano Community Church in San Juan Capistrano, California, where he served as senior pastor for over 20 years.", "All these efforts fail, as the Hyatt files for bankruptcy and is put up for sale, Water Street Pavilion sees most of its stores go out of business, and AutoWorld closes just six months after the grand opening. High-profile people are shown coming to Flint to bring hope to the unemployed, some of them interviewed by Moore. President Ronald Reagan visits the town and suggests that the unemployed auto workers find work by moving across the country, though the restaurant he visits has its cash register stolen during the event (off-camera). The Flint mayor pays television evangelist Robert Schuller to preach to the town's unemployed. Pat Boone and Anita Bryant, who have supplied GM with celebrity endorsements, also come to town; Boone tells Moore that Roger Smith is a \"can-do\" kind of guy. Moore also interviews Bob Eubanks during a fair near Flint, during which Bob cracks a joke about Jewish women and AIDS. Moore attends the annual GM's shareholder meeting, disguised as a shareholder himself. However, when he gets a turn at the microphone to air his grievances to the board, Smith appears to recognize Moore and immediately shuts him out and has the convention adjourned, despite Moore's attempts to interrupt him. In a close-up of Smith, he is heard joking about his action with a fellow board member before leaving. Meanwhile, Moore meets and interviews more residents of Flint, who are reeling from the economic fallout of the layoffs. A former feminist radio host, Janet, joins Amway as a saleswoman to find work. Another resident, Rhonda Britton, sells rabbits for \"Pets or Meat\"; Britton is featured killing a rabbit by beating it with a lead pipe.", "Robert Schuller Robert Harold Schuller (September 16, 1926 \u2013 April 2, 2015) was an American Christian televangelist, pastor, motivational speaker, and author. In his five decades of television, Schuller was principally known for the weekly \"Hour of Power\" television program, which he began hosting in 1970 until his retirement in 2010. Schuller began broadcasting the program from the Neutra Sanctuary, with the encouragement of longtime friend Billy Graham after Schuller visited him in 1969. He was also the founder of the Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove, California, where the \"Hour of Power\" program was later broadcast. Robert Harold Schuller was born on September 16, 1926, near Alton, Iowa, the second son of Jennie (n\u00e9e Beltman; 1891\u20131970) and Anthony Schuller (1882\u20131964). He was the youngest of five children. All of his grandparents were Dutch immigrants, and he was raised on his parents' farm nearby in a small-knit community of Dutch-Americans, without running water. As a six month old infant, Schuller wore the gown on the day of his baptism at a Reformed Church, in Newkirk, Iowa, where he was raised. In 1931, just weeks before his fifth birthday, a visiting uncle, who was a minister, told him to be an evangelist. Schuller called it the \"single most defining moment of my early life.\" After graduating from Newkirk High School in Newkirk, Iowa, in 1944, Schuller studied at Hope College, located in Holland, Michigan, and received a Master of Divinity degree from Western Theological Seminary, which follows the theological tradition and Christian practice of John Calvin, in 1950. He was ordained as a minister in the Reformed Church in America.", "The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University."], "answer": {"text": "considerable impression on the coach, who felt considerable guilt over his mistreatment of the Junction Boys and hiding his smoking and drinking habits from his mother.", "answer_start": 559}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he in the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he retire?", "answer": {"text": "1982", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he retire from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting facts in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly before his death, Bryant met with evangelist Robert Schuller on a plane flight and the two talked extensively about religion,", "answer_start": 402, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#6", "question": "Who did he leave behind when he passed away?", "rewrite": "Who did Bear Bryant leave behind when he passed away?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nyora Tentay buys a piece of land from the De los Angeles' former caretaker, Precioso or Osyong Santos. The land belongs to the De los Angeles family. She then uses bribery to assert her claim over the De Los Angeles family's land. The De Los Angeles family's lawyer, Atty. Agulto, finds out that Nyora Tentay's papers documents to the land at Canal dela Reina were falsified. That the family had sold to land to Osyong, then Osyong sold it to Nyora Tentay, even though it did not happen. A flood occurs at Canal de la Reina, which damages buildings and structures. Nyora Tentay and Ingga part ways after the flood. Ingga is welcomed at the De Los Angeles' home, through the help of Junior. Caridad then finds Nyora Tentay's documents, which Ingga was able to save and bring with her. Despite her resistance, Ingga was eventually convinced by Caridad to return the documents to Nyora Tentay. Victor meets Junior, who was requested by Ingga to return the documents. Caridad was able to meet with Osyong's wife, Tisya, who explained what really happened: Nyora Tentay threatened to send her and Osyong to prison if he does not sell the land to her, and that doing such is the only way they could pay for their debt to her. Victor then convinces Nyora Tentay, who ended up in the hospital, to return the land at Canal dela Reina to its rightful owners, the De Los Angeles family, but she shuns him away in the middle of their conversation and tells him she no longer wants to talk. Leni passes her licensure exam and becomes a full-fledged doctor. She and Gerry get married.", "Nyora Nyora is a town in south Gippsland, Australia. At the 2016 Census, Nyora recorded a population of 1,527. Nyora is from Lang Lang, and from the nearest beach. The Post Office opened around September 1890 replacing an office at nearby Lang Lang East open since 1885. The town's railway station and general store were included in the popular ABC TV program \"Something in the Air\". The township featured in the TV series was known as \"Emu Springs\". Golfers play at the course of the Lang Lang Golf Club on the South Gippsland Highway, Nyora. Nyora is home to the Nyora Football club\u2014nicknamed the Saints and wear red/white/black uniforms. The club was formed in 1877 and has won 11 senior premierships in this time, the first coming in 1911. The club has had a very successful period of late winning premierships in both 2006 and 2007 in the Ellinbank & District Football league. So successful was Nyora during this period the town was often referred to as \"premiership city\" and some town folks even erected a sign on the entry to the town to reflect this. In 2018 the young saints defeated longwarry in a hard fought battle, led by Dylan Helyen to again reclaim the mantle of premiership city. Nyora is home to the former V/Line railway station of the same name, which served primarily as a freight and goods transfer facility as well as the branch station for the former Leongatha, Barry Beach, Yarram and Wonthaggi lines. The railway station presently serves as part of the South Gippsland Railway \u2014 a community based heritage / tourist railway organisation, with its operations base at Korumburra.", "The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University.", "Paul &quot;Bear&quot; Bryant Award The American Heart Association (AHA) Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Awards are an annual awards banquet that is hosted each year in January, in Houston, Texas, by the AHA. There are two awards. One of them\u2014the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Coach of the Year Award\u2014has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the National Sports Media Association (formerly the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association) and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the Houston chapter of the American Heart Association, which is the organizing sponsor\u2014since 1986, at the request of the Bryant family\u2014and which obtains a \"presenting sponsor\" (currently Marathon Oil Corporation). The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Awards is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. Unlike many college football head coaching awards, it is presented after each season's bowl games. In 2000, the AHA began presenting a second award, the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Lifetime Achievement Award. 2000 \u2013 Darrell Royal 2001 \u2013 Charles McClendon 2002 \u2013 Bill Yeoman 2003 \u2013 Frank Broyles 2004 \u2013 Gene Stallings 2005 \u2013 Lou Holtz 2006 \u2013 Jack Pardee 2007 \u2013 Bo Schembechler 2008 \u2013 Tom Osborne 2009 \u2013", "Nyora railway station Nyora is a railway station on the former South Gippsland line in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. The station is now part of the South Gippsland Tourist railway, after passenger operations on the line ceased beyond Cranbourne station in 1993. The station itself and outbuildings have been restored, albeit with a few changes, by the volunteers of the South Gippsland Railway. This included painting, general repairs, and reinstatement of the floor in the main room, to form a public meeting and exhibition space. The station contains a nearly fully operational turntable (currently undergoing repairs). Nyora was the final station on the line from Melbourne before the Wonthaggi line branched off from the main South Gippsland (Port Albert / Woodside) line. Tourist train services to Nyora recommenced in January 2008, following a closure of the line from Loch for several years due to re-alignment works to the South Gippsland Highway including the Loch Bypass. A new emphasis in linking the community with the railway operations. More local people have been involved in some capacity with the railway in the 12 months to February 2008, which has led to development of groups with an association with the railway in local towns. In Nyora, a local \"Nyora Subcommittee\" has been established for this purpose, with one of the group's objectives being to make use of the currently disused Nyora station goods shed. Reopening the South Gippsland railway line as far as Leongatha is continuing to feature as a prominent issue for the region. A South Gippsland Shire Council Priority Projects documents released in June 2013 acknowledged that the return of rail as a major community priority where funding and support are sought from all forms of level government."], "answer": {"text": "A month after his death, Bryant was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom,", "answer_start": 533}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he in the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he retire?", "answer": {"text": "1982", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he retire from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting facts in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly before his death, Bryant met with evangelist Robert Schuller on a plane flight and the two talked extensively about religion,", "answer_start": 402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did they talk about?", "answer": {"text": "considerable impression on the coach, who felt considerable guilt over his mistreatment of the Junction Boys and hiding his smoking and drinking habits from his mother.", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ef2560653f7429ca180e0c24afa5b16_1_q#7", "question": "What awards did Bryant win?", "rewrite": "What awards did Bear Bryant win?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Bear Bryant Show The Bear Bryant Show was a weekly coaches' show that served as a weekly recap of the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's previous day's game. The show ran during the tenure of head coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant from the 1958 through the 1982 seasons. Co-hosted by John Forney (1961\u20131965), Bill Austin (1966), Charley Thornton (1967\u20131981) and Steadman Shealy (1982), \"The Bear Bryant Show\" was a cultural phenomenon within the state of Alabama that contributed to the rise in popularity and awareness of the university's football program during the 1960s and 1970s. The show ran for an hour during its entire run. As part of Bryant's contract with the University, he retained all of the rights to Alabama football game films. As such, he became one of the first collegiate football head coaches to have his own television program with the start of \"The Bear Bryant Show\" in 1958. Bryant was paid $3,000 per show and insisted on it being an hour long in order to cover the game in its entirety and for its perceived recruiting benefits. In 1966, the show became one of the first television shows produced in the state of Alabama to be broadcast in color. During the 25-year run of the program, several persons served as its co-host alongside Bryant. From the 1961 through 1965 seasons, the show was co-hosted by former Alabama broadcaster John Forney. Bill Austin, Sports Director of WCFT-TV Tuscaloosa co-hosted the 1966 season, Charley Thornton was later brought on as co-host and served alongside coach Bryant through the 1981 season. At the conclusion of that season, Thornton left Alabama to become an executive athletics director at Texas A&M University.", "Paul &quot;Bear&quot; Bryant Award The American Heart Association (AHA) Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Awards are an annual awards banquet that is hosted each year in January, in Houston, Texas, by the AHA. There are two awards. One of them\u2014the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Coach of the Year Award\u2014has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the National Sports Media Association (formerly the National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association) and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the Houston chapter of the American Heart Association, which is the organizing sponsor\u2014since 1986, at the request of the Bryant family\u2014and which obtains a \"presenting sponsor\" (currently Marathon Oil Corporation). The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Awards is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. Unlike many college football head coaching awards, it is presented after each season's bowl games. In 2000, the AHA began presenting a second award, the Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Lifetime Achievement Award. 2000 \u2013 Darrell Royal 2001 \u2013 Charles McClendon 2002 \u2013 Bill Yeoman 2003 \u2013 Frank Broyles 2004 \u2013 Gene Stallings 2005 \u2013 Lou Holtz 2006 \u2013 Jack Pardee 2007 \u2013 Bo Schembechler 2008 \u2013 Tom Osborne 2009 \u2013", "The NSSA is the only national organization which brings together the two crafts of sportscasting and sportswriting. There are approximately 1,100 dues-paying members. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters Foundation Board is made up of individuals in Salisbury, North Carolina, as well as the current national board president, who feel that sports in the United States are important. The Sportscasters and Sportswriters themselves have a Board of Directors. In addition, The Hall of Fame, Inc. has been set up as the educational arm of the NSSA, and it has tax-exempt status granted by the Internal Revenue Service. The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant Award is an award that has been given annually since 1986 to NCAA college football's national coach of the year. The Award was named in honor of longtime Alabama coach Bear Bryant after he died of a heart attack in 1983. It is voted on by the NSMA, and proceeds from the awards ceremony benefit the American Heart Association. The College Football Coach of the Year Award began in 1957 and was renamed for Bryant in 1986. Bryant himself won the AFCA Coach of the Year award in 1961, 1971, and 1973. According to the official website:  The Paul \"Bear\" Bryant College Football Coaching Award ceremony is an exclusive event that honors a college football coach whose great accomplishments, both on and off the field, are legendary. The award recognizes the masters of coaching and allows them to take their deserved place in history beside other legends like Bear Bryant. The NSMA established the Clarence \"Big House\" Gaines College Basketball Coach of the Year Awards in 2010, with the first presentation occurring in 2011. The awards are presented to two head coaches \u2013 one in NCAA Division I and one in Division II \u2013 at the annual NSMA awards banquet. The purpose of the award is to recognize coaches who might not receive recognition from \"mainstream outlets.\"", "Dezerea Bryant Dezerea Bryant (born April 27, 1993) is an American sprinter who is most known for the 100m & 200m events. She is a National Champion(2019) in the 200m dash and competed at the 2019 World Championships in Doha placing 5th in the open 200m and earned a Bronze Medal in the Women's 4x100m Relay. She has also earned 17 NCAA Division 1 All-American honors and won the NCAA 200m championship in 2015 over The Bowerman Award Winner, Jenna Prandini. Bryant set a low-altitude collegiate record in 200 metres with 22.18. Bryant was an 17-time NCAA Division 1 All-American (recognized by U.S. Track & Field and Cross Country Coaches Association) and 22-time all-conference sprinter. Bryant is a nine-time All-American and nine-time All-Atlantic Coast Conference in her first two collegiate seasons. Bryant is a nine-time All-American at Kentucky and 13-time All-South eastern conference. Watch Dezerea Bryant win 2015 NCAA Outdoor Track and Field Championships \u2013 Women's 200m Dezerea Bryant worked two seasons as a Volunteer Assistant Coach with Tennessee's track and field team in 2015\u20132017. After a stellar collegiate sprinting career, Bryant worked with the Tennessee sprints and relays. In Fall 2017, Bryant moved to the training group in Florida. Information from IAAF profile or Track & Field Results Reporting System unless otherwise noted. Dezerea Bryant was ranked tenth in 200 metres in 2015.", "All of the five finalists played the quarterback position. Two of the finalists were coached at some point by Oregon offensive coordinator Jeff Tedford. Indiana quarterback Antwaan Randle El earned first-team All-America honors from the FWAA after becoming the first NCAA Division I-A quarterback to throw for 40 touchdowns and rush for 40 touchdowns in a career. He also became the first player in NCAA I-A history to record 2,500 total yards from scrimmage in four consecutive seasons. Joe Paterno needed just 2 victories to pass legendary Alabama Coach Paul \"Bear\" Bryant as the winningest coach in Division 1-A college football, However, after the Nittany Lions started the season 0-4 it looked like Bear Bryant's record would remain intact for at least 1 more year. After a 20-0 drubbing Penn State took against Michigan at home on Oct. 6, the Nittany Lions were a dismal 1-6 since Paterno notched his 321st coaching win on Oct. 28, 2000. At Northwestern on October 20, the Lions lost a late 31-28 lead to fall behind 35-31 with two minutes to go. With their starting quarterback, Matt Senneca, out with an injury, Penn State put its collective hopes on the shoulders of redshirt freshman quarterback Zack Mills. All Mills did was drive the Lions 69 yards in 1:41 to lead Penn State to its first victory of the year, 38-35, giving Paterno win #323 tying Bear Bryant's record. A week later, Penn State hosted Ohio State, who held on to a small lead for most of the game until the Buckeyes started to pull away with a 27-9 lead following a 44-yard interception return for a touchdown by Derek Ross in the third quarter."], "answer": {"text": "Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award,", "answer_start": 594}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Bear Bryant die?", "answer": {"text": "January 25, 1983, Bryant checked into Druid City Hospital in Tuscaloosa after experiencing chest pain.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he in the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "A day later, when being prepared for an electrocardiogram, he died after suffering a massive heart attack.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he retire?", "answer": {"text": "1982", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he retire from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting facts in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly before his death, Bryant met with evangelist Robert Schuller on a plane flight and the two talked extensively about religion,", "answer_start": 402, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did they talk about?", "answer": {"text": "considerable impression on the coach, who felt considerable guilt over his mistreatment of the Junction Boys and hiding his smoking and drinking habits from his mother.", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he leave behind when he passed away?", "answer": {"text": "A month after his death, Bryant was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom,", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#0", "question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "rewrite": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mann later said of her first encounter with High Watch Farm, \"There was something there, something that was really palpable that you could feel, and every one of us felt it. To say that we fell in love with it is not to use the right terminology at all. We were engulfed... What is at the Farm was at the Farm before we ever found it. It found us, in my opinion.\" Marty Mann was an early ally of Bill W.\u2019s in founding AA, often thought of as the third co-founder. The earliest and most significant friend of High Watch Farm , she had her own cabin there, and for a year her mother ran the Farm. Her speech at the 25th Anniversary of High Watch is notable for her description of the historic meeting of Bill W. and Sister Francis. A celebrated speaker, Mann was Bill W.\u2019s chosen replacement on the speaker\u2019s platform when he was too ill to appear. In later years, Ebby Thacher, the man Bill Wilson would refer to as \"my sponsor\", would be a guest at High Watch. The High Watch board, with its new AA members, were startled awake in July, 1941, when Sister Francis, board president, declared herself physically incapable of setting foot on her own land and Marty Mann abruptly resigned her secretary position on the board. \u201cThe vision is lost,\u201d Sister Francis mourned. It turned out that a psychologist, a recovering alcoholic, had been put in place as director of the new High Watch Farm. Though he agreed to operate \u201cin full collaboration with AA,\u201d he later decided that only what he alone had to offer would work. Alerted by Marty and Sister Francis, Bill W. wrote to the director about this \u201cimpasse\u201d in a strong, mediating letter.", "The Big Book (Alcoholics Anonymous) Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism (generally known as The Big Book because of the thickness of the paper used in the first edition) is a 1939 basic text, describing how to recover from alcoholism, primarily written by William G. \"Bill W.\" Wilson, one of the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). It is the originator of the seminal \"twelve-step method\" widely used to treat many addictions, from alcoholism, heroin addiction and marijuana addiction to overeating, sex addiction and gambling addiction, with a strong spiritual and social emphasis. It is one of the best-selling books of all time, having sold 30 million copies. In 2011, \"Time\" magazine placed the book on its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923, the year in which the magazine was first published. In 2012, the Library of Congress designated it as one of 88 \"Books that Shaped America.\" Bill W. had been a successful Wall Street businessman, but his career was in shambles because of his chronic alcoholism. In 1934 he was invited by his friend and drinking buddy Ebby T. to join the Oxford Group, a spiritual movement based on the \u201cFour Absolutes\u201d of honesty, purity, unselfishness, and love. Bill W. met Dr. Bob in May 1935, and the men shared their stories with one another. The two began to work on how to best approach alcoholics and began trying to help men recover from alcoholism. The idea for the book developed at least as early as 1937, when Bill W. and Dr. Bob realized their system had helped over 40 men stay sober for more than 2 years. The book was meant to carry their message far and wide.", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation.", "In his book he offered insight from the patient's point of view, \"as well as forearming him against the extraordinary rationalizing technique that he will uncover from time to time during his struggle to make readjustment without alcohol. \" Many of the founding members of what would become Alcoholics Anonymous read his book with great interest. After his book was published in 1931, Peabody moved from Boston to New York City. He began practicing in his new home at 24 Gramercy Park, where he charged US$20 per hour for seven sessions per week, a fee that few but the wealthy could afford. His practice was in the same neighborhood as Calvary Episcopal Church on East 23rd Street where the Rev. Samuel Moor Shoemaker was Rector and active in the Oxford Group, and near the Olive Tree Inn that Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill W.'s friend Ebby Thacher went to. The Calvary Church's Rescue Mission was where Bill W. took his pledge of sobriety. Several physicians began using his technique, including Norman Jolliffe at Bellevue Hospital in New York, Edward Strecker at the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, and Merrill Moore at Boston City Hospital. The Yale Center of Alcohol Studies opened the first free clinic devoted solely to treating alcoholism in 1944. Their clinics were directed by Raymond G. McCarthy, a Peabody-trained therapist. Peabody's followers continued his work until the 1950s. The founder of A.A., Bill Wilson along with his wife Lois read Peabody's book \"The Common Sense of Drinking\" and were very interested in it. A.A. founders. Bill W. and Dr. Bob credited Peabody with contributing to the founding concepts and principles of AA. Because A.A. was free and non-professional, it gradually eclipsed Peabody's methods and spread beyond its own mostly well-to-do roots to a wide audience.", "Stepping Stones (house) Stepping Stones is the historic home of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill Wilson (Bill W.) and his wife, co-founder of Al-Anon/Alateen Lois Wilson (Lois W.), in Bedford Hills, New York. The historic site features their house (a Dutch Colonial Revival structure from 1920), Bill W.'s writing studio nicknamed \"Wit's End\", approximately 15,000 objects (furniture, memorabilia, etc.) left by the Wilsons, a water pump house, the original one-car garage, a two-car garage / Welcome Center with an orientation display highlighting some of the 100,000 items in the Stepping Stones Archives, flower garden, community vegetable garden, and more. Lois left the property to The Stepping Stones Foundation - the nonprofit, tax-exempt organization that she founded in 1979. Since Mrs. Wilson's death in 1988 the Stepping Stones Foundation has maintained and preserved the site with the help of friends, and has offered on-site tours by reservation and off-site educational programs. The house at 62 Oak Road, Katonah, New York is on the state and National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York. The \"New York Times\" quoted a former executive director of the site: In 2012 it was designated a National Historic Landmark. The Wilsons bought the house on 1.7 acres in 1941 more than five years after Bill W. took his last drink in December 1934. Lois Wilson later co-founded Al-Anon there. The desk on which Bill wrote much of the book \"Alcoholics Anonymous\" (\"The Big Book\", the principal text of A.A.) resides at \"Wit's End,\" the office retreat he built out of cinder block with a friend on the property."], "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#1", "question": "Did they have any kids?", "rewrite": "Did Bill W. and Lois Burnham have any kids?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Lois W. Lois Wilson (n\u00e9e Burnham; March 4, 1891 \u2013 October 5, 1988), also known as Lois W., was the co-founder of Al-Anon, a support group for the friends and family of alcoholics. She was the wife of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) co-founder Bill W. They both were following their respective groups' tradition of anonymity until \"The New York Times\" revealed their full names upon Bill's death in 1971. However, she continued to be known as Lois W. within Al-Anon until her death. Lois was the first of six children born to Matilda Burnham (n\u00e9e Spelman) and Brooklyn Heights New York surgeon Clark Burnham. Lois was raised in the Swedenborgian faith, of which her grandfather was a pastor. Lois's kindergarten was run by the Pratt Institute, and after that she attended Friends School. She graduated from the Packer Collegiate Institute with a concentration in the fine arts. She had a talent for drawing, and later became an interior decorator. After graduation she worked for the YWCA and later taught at a school in Short Hills, New Jersey. The Burnham family spent summers in Vermont, where Dr. Burnham provided medical care to vacationers. Rogers Burnham, a younger brother of Lois, became friends with a local boy named Bill Wilson. Lois and Bill met in the summer of 1914, when Lois was 23 and Bill was 19. At that time, Lois was a college graduate and working with the YWCA. Bill was working his way through Norwich University. The following summer they secretly became engaged. They married on January 24, 1918, in the New York Swedenborgian Church. At that time, Bill was in the Army and they wanted to marry before he was sent to Europe. Lois worked as an occupational therapist during his absence.", "When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story In 1914, Lois Burnham, a college-educated woman from an affluent family, met and fell in love with Bill Wilson, a 19 year old man of modest means. They married in 1918, and after his return from World War I, the two set out to build a life together. While Lois worked as a nurse, Bill struggled to find his niche. Lois believed that Bill was destined for greatness, and despite his increasing reliance on alcohol, she showered him with love and support. Eventually, Lois persuaded a friend\u2019s husband to hire Bill at his financial firm. By 1927, Bill was working on Wall Street and the couple was living a luxurious lifestyle. But despite Lois\u2019s valiant efforts to control his drinking, Bill\u2019s alcoholism spiraled out of control. Soon his job, their lifestyle and their dreams were all gone. In 1935, after years of struggling to cover for Bill and trying desperately to manage his disease by herself, Lois finally saw him get and stay sober \u2013 not through her help, but from the support of a fellow alcoholic, Dr. Bob Smith. As Bill and Bob attained lasting sobriety and co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous, Lois began to feel neglected. Bill got and stayed sober without her help, and she felt isolated and resentful. Lois soon discovered she was not alone in her isolation and anger, and that there was a vast number of people whose lives and relationships had been devastated because a loved one was an alcoholic or drug addict. To help herself, and others like her, she co-founded Al-Anon/Alateen in 1951. \"When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story\" is the 240th presentation by Hallmark Hall of Fame, the long-running anthology program of American television films.", "In 1992, she re-teamed with \"The Big Chill\" director Lawrence Kasdan to portray Bessie Earp in \"Wyatt Earp\" with Kevin Costner, and starred as Crazy Diane/Sane Diane, a schizophrenic shut-in, in the dark independent comedy, \"Me Myself & I\". She also co-starred with Ed O'Neill in the John Hughes-written comedy \"Dutch\" (1991), and starred in \"Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot\" (1992) as the police detective/love interest of Sylvester Stallone's character. In 1995, she was nominated for an Academy Award for her 1994 live-action short \" On Hope,\" starring Annette O'Toole; the film was Williams's directorial debut. In 1997, she played a domineering lesbian in the independent comedy \"Little City\" with Jon Bon Jovi, and an hysterical publishing editor in \"Just Write\" with Jeremy Piven. In 2005, she appeared in the Drew Barrymore-Jimmy Fallon baseball comedy \"Fever Pitch\". In October 2011, she appeared with Steve Martin, Owen Wilson, Rashida Jones, and Jack Black in the bird-watching comedy \"The Big Year\" for Twentieth Century Fox. Williams has also gained critical acclaim for a number of performances in notable television movies, including the nuclear holocaust film \" The Day After\" (1983), \"Murder Ordained\" (1987), as Lois Burnham Wilson in \"My Name is Bill W.\" (1989), and the critically acclaimed \"Masterpiece Theatre\" presentation of \"The Ponder Heart\" (2003) for director Martha Coolidge. She earned Emmy nominations for starring as real-life characters Rev\u00e9 Walsh (the wife of John Walsh) in the film \"Adam\" (1983) and Mary Beth Whitehead in \"Baby M\" (1988).", "Bedford Hills, New York Bedford Hills is a hamlet in the Town of Bedford, Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 3,001 at the 2010 census, which lists the community as a census-designated place. The Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women is located in the hamlet. When the railroad was built in 1847, Bedford Hills was known as Bedford Station. Bedford Hills extends from a business center at the railroad station to farms and estates, eastward along Harris, Babbitt and Bedford Center Roads and south along the Route 117 business corridor up to Mt. Kisco. Bedford Hills is the seat of government of the Town of Bedford. The Town House, built in 1927, and Town buildings containing the Police Department and Town offices are located in Bedford Hills. The Richard H. Mandel House, designed by Edward Durell Stone, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. Bedford Hills is the site of Stepping Stones, the historic home of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill W. and his wife Lois Burnham Wilson, founder of Al-Anon/Alateen. The home, located at 62 Oak Road in Katonah, is on the National Register of Historic Places, and has become a tour destination for members of 12-Step organizations. Bedford Hills is located at (41.2367613, -73.6945751) and its elevation is . According to the United States Census Bureau, Bedford Hills has a total area of , all land. \"The Record-Review\", a weekly newspaper, reports on local issues in Bedford, Bedford Hills, Katonah, and Pound Ridge. The newspaper began publishing in 1995 Bedford Hills Elementary School is a K\u20135 school which many children in the town attend. The Bedford Hills Free Library is located in Bedford Hills and is a member of the Westchester Library System.", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation."], "answer": {"text": "Wilson met his wife Lois Burnham during the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#2", "question": "When did they get married?", "rewrite": "When did Bill W. and Lois Burnham get married?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story In 1914, Lois Burnham, a college-educated woman from an affluent family, met and fell in love with Bill Wilson, a 19 year old man of modest means. They married in 1918, and after his return from World War I, the two set out to build a life together. While Lois worked as a nurse, Bill struggled to find his niche. Lois believed that Bill was destined for greatness, and despite his increasing reliance on alcohol, she showered him with love and support. Eventually, Lois persuaded a friend\u2019s husband to hire Bill at his financial firm. By 1927, Bill was working on Wall Street and the couple was living a luxurious lifestyle. But despite Lois\u2019s valiant efforts to control his drinking, Bill\u2019s alcoholism spiraled out of control. Soon his job, their lifestyle and their dreams were all gone. In 1935, after years of struggling to cover for Bill and trying desperately to manage his disease by herself, Lois finally saw him get and stay sober \u2013 not through her help, but from the support of a fellow alcoholic, Dr. Bob Smith. As Bill and Bob attained lasting sobriety and co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous, Lois began to feel neglected. Bill got and stayed sober without her help, and she felt isolated and resentful. Lois soon discovered she was not alone in her isolation and anger, and that there was a vast number of people whose lives and relationships had been devastated because a loved one was an alcoholic or drug addict. To help herself, and others like her, she co-founded Al-Anon/Alateen in 1951. \"When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story\" is the 240th presentation by Hallmark Hall of Fame, the long-running anthology program of American television films.", "In 1992, she re-teamed with \"The Big Chill\" director Lawrence Kasdan to portray Bessie Earp in \"Wyatt Earp\" with Kevin Costner, and starred as Crazy Diane/Sane Diane, a schizophrenic shut-in, in the dark independent comedy, \"Me Myself & I\". She also co-starred with Ed O'Neill in the John Hughes-written comedy \"Dutch\" (1991), and starred in \"Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot\" (1992) as the police detective/love interest of Sylvester Stallone's character. In 1995, she was nominated for an Academy Award for her 1994 live-action short \" On Hope,\" starring Annette O'Toole; the film was Williams's directorial debut. In 1997, she played a domineering lesbian in the independent comedy \"Little City\" with Jon Bon Jovi, and an hysterical publishing editor in \"Just Write\" with Jeremy Piven. In 2005, she appeared in the Drew Barrymore-Jimmy Fallon baseball comedy \"Fever Pitch\". In October 2011, she appeared with Steve Martin, Owen Wilson, Rashida Jones, and Jack Black in the bird-watching comedy \"The Big Year\" for Twentieth Century Fox. Williams has also gained critical acclaim for a number of performances in notable television movies, including the nuclear holocaust film \" The Day After\" (1983), \"Murder Ordained\" (1987), as Lois Burnham Wilson in \"My Name is Bill W.\" (1989), and the critically acclaimed \"Masterpiece Theatre\" presentation of \"The Ponder Heart\" (2003) for director Martha Coolidge. She earned Emmy nominations for starring as real-life characters Rev\u00e9 Walsh (the wife of John Walsh) in the film \"Adam\" (1983) and Mary Beth Whitehead in \"Baby M\" (1988).", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation.", "Lois W. Lois Wilson (n\u00e9e Burnham; March 4, 1891 \u2013 October 5, 1988), also known as Lois W., was the co-founder of Al-Anon, a support group for the friends and family of alcoholics. She was the wife of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) co-founder Bill W. They both were following their respective groups' tradition of anonymity until \"The New York Times\" revealed their full names upon Bill's death in 1971. However, she continued to be known as Lois W. within Al-Anon until her death. Lois was the first of six children born to Matilda Burnham (n\u00e9e Spelman) and Brooklyn Heights New York surgeon Clark Burnham. Lois was raised in the Swedenborgian faith, of which her grandfather was a pastor. Lois's kindergarten was run by the Pratt Institute, and after that she attended Friends School. She graduated from the Packer Collegiate Institute with a concentration in the fine arts. She had a talent for drawing, and later became an interior decorator. After graduation she worked for the YWCA and later taught at a school in Short Hills, New Jersey. The Burnham family spent summers in Vermont, where Dr. Burnham provided medical care to vacationers. Rogers Burnham, a younger brother of Lois, became friends with a local boy named Bill Wilson. Lois and Bill met in the summer of 1914, when Lois was 23 and Bill was 19. At that time, Lois was a college graduate and working with the YWCA. Bill was working his way through Norwich University. The following summer they secretly became engaged. They married on January 24, 1918, in the New York Swedenborgian Church. At that time, Bill was in the Army and they wanted to marry before he was sent to Europe. Lois worked as an occupational therapist during his absence.", "Bedford Hills, New York Bedford Hills is a hamlet in the Town of Bedford, Westchester County, New York, United States. The population was 3,001 at the 2010 census, which lists the community as a census-designated place. The Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women is located in the hamlet. When the railroad was built in 1847, Bedford Hills was known as Bedford Station. Bedford Hills extends from a business center at the railroad station to farms and estates, eastward along Harris, Babbitt and Bedford Center Roads and south along the Route 117 business corridor up to Mt. Kisco. Bedford Hills is the seat of government of the Town of Bedford. The Town House, built in 1927, and Town buildings containing the Police Department and Town offices are located in Bedford Hills. The Richard H. Mandel House, designed by Edward Durell Stone, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. Bedford Hills is the site of Stepping Stones, the historic home of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill W. and his wife Lois Burnham Wilson, founder of Al-Anon/Alateen. The home, located at 62 Oak Road in Katonah, is on the National Register of Historic Places, and has become a tour destination for members of 12-Step organizations. Bedford Hills is located at (41.2367613, -73.6945751) and its elevation is . According to the United States Census Bureau, Bedford Hills has a total area of , all land. \"The Record-Review\", a weekly newspaper, reports on local issues in Bedford, Bedford Hills, Katonah, and Pound Ridge. The newspaper began publishing in 1995 Bedford Hills Elementary School is a K\u20135 school which many children in the town attend. The Bedford Hills Free Library is located in Bedford Hills and is a member of the Westchester Library System."], "answer": {"text": "the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 40}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any kids?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson met his wife Lois Burnham during the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he work?", "rewrite": "Where did Bill W. work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stepping Stones (house) Stepping Stones is the historic home of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill Wilson (Bill W.) and his wife, co-founder of Al-Anon/Alateen Lois Wilson (Lois W.), in Bedford Hills, New York. The historic site features their house (a Dutch Colonial Revival structure from 1920), Bill W.'s writing studio nicknamed \"Wit's End\", approximately 15,000 objects (furniture, memorabilia, etc.) left by the Wilsons, a water pump house, the original one-car garage, a two-car garage / Welcome Center with an orientation display highlighting some of the 100,000 items in the Stepping Stones Archives, flower garden, community vegetable garden, and more. Lois left the property to The Stepping Stones Foundation - the nonprofit, tax-exempt organization that she founded in 1979. Since Mrs. Wilson's death in 1988 the Stepping Stones Foundation has maintained and preserved the site with the help of friends, and has offered on-site tours by reservation and off-site educational programs. The house at 62 Oak Road, Katonah, New York is on the state and National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York. The \"New York Times\" quoted a former executive director of the site: In 2012 it was designated a National Historic Landmark. The Wilsons bought the house on 1.7 acres in 1941 more than five years after Bill W. took his last drink in December 1934. Lois Wilson later co-founded Al-Anon there. The desk on which Bill wrote much of the book \"Alcoholics Anonymous\" (\"The Big Book\", the principal text of A.A.) resides at \"Wit's End,\" the office retreat he built out of cinder block with a friend on the property.", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation.", "The Big Book (Alcoholics Anonymous) Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism (generally known as The Big Book because of the thickness of the paper used in the first edition) is a 1939 basic text, describing how to recover from alcoholism, primarily written by William G. \"Bill W.\" Wilson, one of the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). It is the originator of the seminal \"twelve-step method\" widely used to treat many addictions, from alcoholism, heroin addiction and marijuana addiction to overeating, sex addiction and gambling addiction, with a strong spiritual and social emphasis. It is one of the best-selling books of all time, having sold 30 million copies. In 2011, \"Time\" magazine placed the book on its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923, the year in which the magazine was first published. In 2012, the Library of Congress designated it as one of 88 \"Books that Shaped America.\" Bill W. had been a successful Wall Street businessman, but his career was in shambles because of his chronic alcoholism. In 1934 he was invited by his friend and drinking buddy Ebby T. to join the Oxford Group, a spiritual movement based on the \u201cFour Absolutes\u201d of honesty, purity, unselfishness, and love. Bill W. met Dr. Bob in May 1935, and the men shared their stories with one another. The two began to work on how to best approach alcoholics and began trying to help men recover from alcoholism. The idea for the book developed at least as early as 1937, when Bill W. and Dr. Bob realized their system had helped over 40 men stay sober for more than 2 years. The book was meant to carry their message far and wide.", "In his book he offered insight from the patient's point of view, \"as well as forearming him against the extraordinary rationalizing technique that he will uncover from time to time during his struggle to make readjustment without alcohol. \" Many of the founding members of what would become Alcoholics Anonymous read his book with great interest. After his book was published in 1931, Peabody moved from Boston to New York City. He began practicing in his new home at 24 Gramercy Park, where he charged US$20 per hour for seven sessions per week, a fee that few but the wealthy could afford. His practice was in the same neighborhood as Calvary Episcopal Church on East 23rd Street where the Rev. Samuel Moor Shoemaker was Rector and active in the Oxford Group, and near the Olive Tree Inn that Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill W.'s friend Ebby Thacher went to. The Calvary Church's Rescue Mission was where Bill W. took his pledge of sobriety. Several physicians began using his technique, including Norman Jolliffe at Bellevue Hospital in New York, Edward Strecker at the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, and Merrill Moore at Boston City Hospital. The Yale Center of Alcohol Studies opened the first free clinic devoted solely to treating alcoholism in 1944. Their clinics were directed by Raymond G. McCarthy, a Peabody-trained therapist. Peabody's followers continued his work until the 1950s. The founder of A.A., Bill Wilson along with his wife Lois read Peabody's book \"The Common Sense of Drinking\" and were very interested in it. A.A. founders. Bill W. and Dr. Bob credited Peabody with contributing to the founding concepts and principles of AA. Because A.A. was free and non-professional, it gradually eclipsed Peabody's methods and spread beyond its own mostly well-to-do roots to a wide audience.", "Mann later said of her first encounter with High Watch Farm, \"There was something there, something that was really palpable that you could feel, and every one of us felt it. To say that we fell in love with it is not to use the right terminology at all. We were engulfed... What is at the Farm was at the Farm before we ever found it. It found us, in my opinion.\" Marty Mann was an early ally of Bill W.\u2019s in founding AA, often thought of as the third co-founder. The earliest and most significant friend of High Watch Farm , she had her own cabin there, and for a year her mother ran the Farm. Her speech at the 25th Anniversary of High Watch is notable for her description of the historic meeting of Bill W. and Sister Francis. A celebrated speaker, Mann was Bill W.\u2019s chosen replacement on the speaker\u2019s platform when he was too ill to appear. In later years, Ebby Thacher, the man Bill Wilson would refer to as \"my sponsor\", would be a guest at High Watch. The High Watch board, with its new AA members, were startled awake in July, 1941, when Sister Francis, board president, declared herself physically incapable of setting foot on her own land and Marty Mann abruptly resigned her secretary position on the board. \u201cThe vision is lost,\u201d Sister Francis mourned. It turned out that a psychologist, a recovering alcoholic, had been put in place as director of the new High Watch Farm. Though he agreed to operate \u201cin full collaboration with AA,\u201d he later decided that only what he alone had to offer would work. Alerted by Marty and Sister Francis, Bill W. wrote to the director about this \u201cimpasse\u201d in a strong, mediating letter."], "answer": {"text": "Vermont National Guard", "answer_start": 591}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any kids?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson met his wife Lois Burnham during the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get married?", "answer": {"text": "the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#4", "question": "When did he start struggling with alcoholism?", "rewrite": "When did Bill W. start struggling with alcoholism?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Big Book (Alcoholics Anonymous) Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism (generally known as The Big Book because of the thickness of the paper used in the first edition) is a 1939 basic text, describing how to recover from alcoholism, primarily written by William G. \"Bill W.\" Wilson, one of the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). It is the originator of the seminal \"twelve-step method\" widely used to treat many addictions, from alcoholism, heroin addiction and marijuana addiction to overeating, sex addiction and gambling addiction, with a strong spiritual and social emphasis. It is one of the best-selling books of all time, having sold 30 million copies. In 2011, \"Time\" magazine placed the book on its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923, the year in which the magazine was first published. In 2012, the Library of Congress designated it as one of 88 \"Books that Shaped America.\" Bill W. had been a successful Wall Street businessman, but his career was in shambles because of his chronic alcoholism. In 1934 he was invited by his friend and drinking buddy Ebby T. to join the Oxford Group, a spiritual movement based on the \u201cFour Absolutes\u201d of honesty, purity, unselfishness, and love. Bill W. met Dr. Bob in May 1935, and the men shared their stories with one another. The two began to work on how to best approach alcoholics and began trying to help men recover from alcoholism. The idea for the book developed at least as early as 1937, when Bill W. and Dr. Bob realized their system had helped over 40 men stay sober for more than 2 years. The book was meant to carry their message far and wide.", "Mann later said of her first encounter with High Watch Farm, \"There was something there, something that was really palpable that you could feel, and every one of us felt it. To say that we fell in love with it is not to use the right terminology at all. We were engulfed... What is at the Farm was at the Farm before we ever found it. It found us, in my opinion.\" Marty Mann was an early ally of Bill W.\u2019s in founding AA, often thought of as the third co-founder. The earliest and most significant friend of High Watch Farm , she had her own cabin there, and for a year her mother ran the Farm. Her speech at the 25th Anniversary of High Watch is notable for her description of the historic meeting of Bill W. and Sister Francis. A celebrated speaker, Mann was Bill W.\u2019s chosen replacement on the speaker\u2019s platform when he was too ill to appear. In later years, Ebby Thacher, the man Bill Wilson would refer to as \"my sponsor\", would be a guest at High Watch. The High Watch board, with its new AA members, were startled awake in July, 1941, when Sister Francis, board president, declared herself physically incapable of setting foot on her own land and Marty Mann abruptly resigned her secretary position on the board. \u201cThe vision is lost,\u201d Sister Francis mourned. It turned out that a psychologist, a recovering alcoholic, had been put in place as director of the new High Watch Farm. Though he agreed to operate \u201cin full collaboration with AA,\u201d he later decided that only what he alone had to offer would work. Alerted by Marty and Sister Francis, Bill W. wrote to the director about this \u201cimpasse\u201d in a strong, mediating letter.", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation.", "In his book he offered insight from the patient's point of view, \"as well as forearming him against the extraordinary rationalizing technique that he will uncover from time to time during his struggle to make readjustment without alcohol. \" Many of the founding members of what would become Alcoholics Anonymous read his book with great interest. After his book was published in 1931, Peabody moved from Boston to New York City. He began practicing in his new home at 24 Gramercy Park, where he charged US$20 per hour for seven sessions per week, a fee that few but the wealthy could afford. His practice was in the same neighborhood as Calvary Episcopal Church on East 23rd Street where the Rev. Samuel Moor Shoemaker was Rector and active in the Oxford Group, and near the Olive Tree Inn that Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill W.'s friend Ebby Thacher went to. The Calvary Church's Rescue Mission was where Bill W. took his pledge of sobriety. Several physicians began using his technique, including Norman Jolliffe at Bellevue Hospital in New York, Edward Strecker at the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, and Merrill Moore at Boston City Hospital. The Yale Center of Alcohol Studies opened the first free clinic devoted solely to treating alcoholism in 1944. Their clinics were directed by Raymond G. McCarthy, a Peabody-trained therapist. Peabody's followers continued his work until the 1950s. The founder of A.A., Bill Wilson along with his wife Lois read Peabody's book \"The Common Sense of Drinking\" and were very interested in it. A.A. founders. Bill W. and Dr. Bob credited Peabody with contributing to the founding concepts and principles of AA. Because A.A. was free and non-professional, it gradually eclipsed Peabody's methods and spread beyond its own mostly well-to-do roots to a wide audience.", "Bill W. (film) Bill W. is a 2012 American biographical film directed by Dan Carracino and Kevin Hanlon, about William Griffith Wilson, the co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous, and the first feature length documentary on Wilson. The film includes interviews with several recovering alcoholics who are photographed in dark shadows to maintain their anonymity, and also makes use of dramatic reenactments to visualize key events in Wilson's life. Blake J. Evans portrays Wilson in the film. Making a film about the founder of an anonymous society presented the filmmakers with challenges. For example, by the time production began, there were few people still alive that knew Wilson, and it first appeared that there was very little visual material available on Wilson. The filmmakers were able to unearth little-seen archival footage and previously unpublished photographs of Wilson and the people in his life. The film opened on limited release in New York City and Los Angeles on Friday, May 18, 2012. Prior to its theatrical release, \"Bill W.\" screened at the Cleveland International Film Festival. An extensively re-edited and extended \u201cdirector\u2019s cut\u201d version of the film (116 minutes) was aired on PBS starting in September 2016. This version of the film won an Emmy award in 2017. Upon its release, the reviews of the film have been favorable. As of May 22, 2012, the film received a 100% positive rating on the Rotten Tomatoes website and a 78 Metascore (with all favorable reviews) on Metacritic. Ernest Hardy in his \"Village Voice\" review described the film as \"a loving, exhaustive, warts-and-all look at the man who spent years battling his own alcoholism before a spiritual experience in the hospital set him on the course to help others.\""], "answer": {"text": "1916", "answer_start": 488}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any kids?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson met his wife Lois Burnham during the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get married?", "answer": {"text": "the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he work?", "answer": {"text": "Vermont National Guard", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#5", "question": "How did alcohol impact his life?", "rewrite": "How did alcohol impact Bill W.'s life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In his book he offered insight from the patient's point of view, \"as well as forearming him against the extraordinary rationalizing technique that he will uncover from time to time during his struggle to make readjustment without alcohol. \" Many of the founding members of what would become Alcoholics Anonymous read his book with great interest. After his book was published in 1931, Peabody moved from Boston to New York City. He began practicing in his new home at 24 Gramercy Park, where he charged US$20 per hour for seven sessions per week, a fee that few but the wealthy could afford. His practice was in the same neighborhood as Calvary Episcopal Church on East 23rd Street where the Rev. Samuel Moor Shoemaker was Rector and active in the Oxford Group, and near the Olive Tree Inn that Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill W.'s friend Ebby Thacher went to. The Calvary Church's Rescue Mission was where Bill W. took his pledge of sobriety. Several physicians began using his technique, including Norman Jolliffe at Bellevue Hospital in New York, Edward Strecker at the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, and Merrill Moore at Boston City Hospital. The Yale Center of Alcohol Studies opened the first free clinic devoted solely to treating alcoholism in 1944. Their clinics were directed by Raymond G. McCarthy, a Peabody-trained therapist. Peabody's followers continued his work until the 1950s. The founder of A.A., Bill Wilson along with his wife Lois read Peabody's book \"The Common Sense of Drinking\" and were very interested in it. A.A. founders. Bill W. and Dr. Bob credited Peabody with contributing to the founding concepts and principles of AA. Because A.A. was free and non-professional, it gradually eclipsed Peabody's methods and spread beyond its own mostly well-to-do roots to a wide audience.", "Ken Olandt Kenneth Andrew \"Ken\" Olandt (born April 22, 1958) is an American actor, producer, executive producer and businessman. He was born in Richmond, California to Robert and Beverly Olandt. Ken Olandt is best known for his lead starring role as Detective Zachary Stone in the syndicated series, \"Super Force\" (1990\u20131992, 48 episodes). He is also well known as Larry Kazamias in the comedy film, \"Summer School\". He starred in the 1993 horror film, \"Leprechaun\" and had a recurring role as \"Dooley\" in the second season of \"Riptide\" (1984). He guest-starred as Lydia's innocent alien brother Nigel, in a 1985 episode of \"V\". He made guest appearances on such shows as \"Supercarrier\", \"Hotel\", \"Rags to Riches\", \"The Young and the Restless\", \"21 Jump Street\", \"Highway to Heaven\", \"Matt Houston\", \"The Fall Guy\", \"The A-Team\", \"Pacific Blue\", \"JAG\", \"Murder, She Wrote\", and \"\". Due to his commitment with Unified Film Organization, LLC, which he co-founded, Olandt temporarily suspended his acting career to focus on producing, finance, and foreign licensing. The company produced three movies a year and eventually was sold in 2000 to a publicly-held German-distribution company. The sale took the company to Bulgaria, at which point, Olandt sold his operational and transitioned into financing.", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation.", "Flavored fortified wine Flavored fortified wines are inexpensive fortified wines that typically have an alcohol content between 13% and 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). They are usually made of grape and citrus wine, sugar, and artificial flavor. An early reference to the problem of cheap and poorly made wines is in the \"Report on Cheap Wines\" in the 5 November 1864 issue of \"The Medical Times and Gazette\". The author, in prescribing inexpensive wines for a number of ills, cautions against the \"fortified\" wines of the day, describing of one sample that he had tried: It is reported, however, that the popularity of cheap, fortified wines in the United States arose in the 1930s, as a product of Prohibition and the Great Depression: While overtaken somewhat in the low-end alcoholic drink market by sweetened malt beverages by the 1990s, the appeal of cheap fortified wines to the poor and homeless has often raised concerns:  In 2005, the Seattle City Council asked the Washington State Liquor Control Board to prohibit the sale of certain alcohol products in an impoverished \"Alcohol Impact Area\". Among the products sought to be banned were over two dozen beers, and six wines: Cisco, Gino's Premium Blend, MD 20/20, Night Train, Thunderbird, and Wild Irish Rose. The Liquor Control Board approved these restrictions on 30 August 2006. The cities of Tacoma, Washington, and Spokane, Washington, also followed suit in instituting \"Alcohol Impact Areas\" of their own following Seattle's example.", "Acer DX900 The Acer DX900 is the lead device in the company\u2019s range of five mobile phones, labeled the Acer Tempo Smartphone Series. It was announced at the Mobile World Congress during February 2009. The DX900 is a 2G/3G quad-band Windows Mobile device for professional users. It features dual SIM capabilities for users who want to split business and personal phone usage, or use one SIM in their home country and one when travelling. Significantly one of the SIMs is rated for 3G/data with tri-band UMTS / HSDPA and quad-band GSM support, while the other is 2G tri-band GSM. The device features a 2.8-inch, 640 x 480 touch screen, which is operated via a stylus. There is a front-mounted VGA camera for video calling and a 3MP autofocus rear-mounted camera. Internal sensors include an accelerometer and a light sensor. Location-based services are provided by SiRFstarIII GPS. Talk time is up to five hours, while standby is up to 150 hours. The Windows Mobile 6.1 Professional software suite includes access to the Outlook Mobile email client, as well as mobile versions of Internet Explorer, MSN Messenger, Windows Live and Windows Media Player 10. At launch, the cost of the DX900 was around the \u00a3400/\u20ac500 mark (excluding tax). It is available in Asia and the European and Middle East markets."], "answer": {"text": "Wilson's constant drinking made business impossible and ruined his reputation.", "answer_start": 1781}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any kids?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson met his wife Lois Burnham during the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get married?", "answer": {"text": "the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he work?", "answer": {"text": "Vermont National Guard", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start struggling with alcoholism?", "answer": {"text": "1916", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#6", "question": "Did alcohol affect his marriage?", "rewrite": "Did alcohol affect Bill W.'s marriage?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Big Book (Alcoholics Anonymous) Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism (generally known as The Big Book because of the thickness of the paper used in the first edition) is a 1939 basic text, describing how to recover from alcoholism, primarily written by William G. \"Bill W.\" Wilson, one of the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). It is the originator of the seminal \"twelve-step method\" widely used to treat many addictions, from alcoholism, heroin addiction and marijuana addiction to overeating, sex addiction and gambling addiction, with a strong spiritual and social emphasis. It is one of the best-selling books of all time, having sold 30 million copies. In 2011, \"Time\" magazine placed the book on its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923, the year in which the magazine was first published. In 2012, the Library of Congress designated it as one of 88 \"Books that Shaped America.\" Bill W. had been a successful Wall Street businessman, but his career was in shambles because of his chronic alcoholism. In 1934 he was invited by his friend and drinking buddy Ebby T. to join the Oxford Group, a spiritual movement based on the \u201cFour Absolutes\u201d of honesty, purity, unselfishness, and love. Bill W. met Dr. Bob in May 1935, and the men shared their stories with one another. The two began to work on how to best approach alcoholics and began trying to help men recover from alcoholism. The idea for the book developed at least as early as 1937, when Bill W. and Dr. Bob realized their system had helped over 40 men stay sober for more than 2 years. The book was meant to carry their message far and wide.", "In his book he offered insight from the patient's point of view, \"as well as forearming him against the extraordinary rationalizing technique that he will uncover from time to time during his struggle to make readjustment without alcohol. \" Many of the founding members of what would become Alcoholics Anonymous read his book with great interest. After his book was published in 1931, Peabody moved from Boston to New York City. He began practicing in his new home at 24 Gramercy Park, where he charged US$20 per hour for seven sessions per week, a fee that few but the wealthy could afford. His practice was in the same neighborhood as Calvary Episcopal Church on East 23rd Street where the Rev. Samuel Moor Shoemaker was Rector and active in the Oxford Group, and near the Olive Tree Inn that Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill W.'s friend Ebby Thacher went to. The Calvary Church's Rescue Mission was where Bill W. took his pledge of sobriety. Several physicians began using his technique, including Norman Jolliffe at Bellevue Hospital in New York, Edward Strecker at the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, and Merrill Moore at Boston City Hospital. The Yale Center of Alcohol Studies opened the first free clinic devoted solely to treating alcoholism in 1944. Their clinics were directed by Raymond G. McCarthy, a Peabody-trained therapist. Peabody's followers continued his work until the 1950s. The founder of A.A., Bill Wilson along with his wife Lois read Peabody's book \"The Common Sense of Drinking\" and were very interested in it. A.A. founders. Bill W. and Dr. Bob credited Peabody with contributing to the founding concepts and principles of AA. Because A.A. was free and non-professional, it gradually eclipsed Peabody's methods and spread beyond its own mostly well-to-do roots to a wide audience.", "Stepping Stones (house) Stepping Stones is the historic home of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill Wilson (Bill W.) and his wife, co-founder of Al-Anon/Alateen Lois Wilson (Lois W.), in Bedford Hills, New York. The historic site features their house (a Dutch Colonial Revival structure from 1920), Bill W.'s writing studio nicknamed \"Wit's End\", approximately 15,000 objects (furniture, memorabilia, etc.) left by the Wilsons, a water pump house, the original one-car garage, a two-car garage / Welcome Center with an orientation display highlighting some of the 100,000 items in the Stepping Stones Archives, flower garden, community vegetable garden, and more. Lois left the property to The Stepping Stones Foundation - the nonprofit, tax-exempt organization that she founded in 1979. Since Mrs. Wilson's death in 1988 the Stepping Stones Foundation has maintained and preserved the site with the help of friends, and has offered on-site tours by reservation and off-site educational programs. The house at 62 Oak Road, Katonah, New York is on the state and National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York. The \"New York Times\" quoted a former executive director of the site: In 2012 it was designated a National Historic Landmark. The Wilsons bought the house on 1.7 acres in 1941 more than five years after Bill W. took his last drink in December 1934. Lois Wilson later co-founded Al-Anon there. The desk on which Bill wrote much of the book \"Alcoholics Anonymous\" (\"The Big Book\", the principal text of A.A.) resides at \"Wit's End,\" the office retreat he built out of cinder block with a friend on the property.", "Mann later said of her first encounter with High Watch Farm, \"There was something there, something that was really palpable that you could feel, and every one of us felt it. To say that we fell in love with it is not to use the right terminology at all. We were engulfed... What is at the Farm was at the Farm before we ever found it. It found us, in my opinion.\" Marty Mann was an early ally of Bill W.\u2019s in founding AA, often thought of as the third co-founder. The earliest and most significant friend of High Watch Farm , she had her own cabin there, and for a year her mother ran the Farm. Her speech at the 25th Anniversary of High Watch is notable for her description of the historic meeting of Bill W. and Sister Francis. A celebrated speaker, Mann was Bill W.\u2019s chosen replacement on the speaker\u2019s platform when he was too ill to appear. In later years, Ebby Thacher, the man Bill Wilson would refer to as \"my sponsor\", would be a guest at High Watch. The High Watch board, with its new AA members, were startled awake in July, 1941, when Sister Francis, board president, declared herself physically incapable of setting foot on her own land and Marty Mann abruptly resigned her secretary position on the board. \u201cThe vision is lost,\u201d Sister Francis mourned. It turned out that a psychologist, a recovering alcoholic, had been put in place as director of the new High Watch Farm. Though he agreed to operate \u201cin full collaboration with AA,\u201d he later decided that only what he alone had to offer would work. Alerted by Marty and Sister Francis, Bill W. wrote to the director about this \u201cimpasse\u201d in a strong, mediating letter.", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation."], "answer": {"text": "had success traveling the country with his wife, evaluating companies for potential investors.", "answer_start": 1576}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any kids?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson met his wife Lois Burnham during the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get married?", "answer": {"text": "the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he work?", "answer": {"text": "Vermont National Guard", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start struggling with alcoholism?", "answer": {"text": "1916", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did alcohol impact his life?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson's constant drinking made business impossible and ruined his reputation.", "answer_start": 1781, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb095ec35b1f41d3af5640fe3d2ea59a_1_q#7", "question": "Where did he work in business?", "rewrite": "Where did Bill W.work in business?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Big Book (Alcoholics Anonymous) Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How Many Thousands of Men and Women Have Recovered from Alcoholism (generally known as The Big Book because of the thickness of the paper used in the first edition) is a 1939 basic text, describing how to recover from alcoholism, primarily written by William G. \"Bill W.\" Wilson, one of the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). It is the originator of the seminal \"twelve-step method\" widely used to treat many addictions, from alcoholism, heroin addiction and marijuana addiction to overeating, sex addiction and gambling addiction, with a strong spiritual and social emphasis. It is one of the best-selling books of all time, having sold 30 million copies. In 2011, \"Time\" magazine placed the book on its list of the 100 best and most influential books written in English since 1923, the year in which the magazine was first published. In 2012, the Library of Congress designated it as one of 88 \"Books that Shaped America.\" Bill W. had been a successful Wall Street businessman, but his career was in shambles because of his chronic alcoholism. In 1934 he was invited by his friend and drinking buddy Ebby T. to join the Oxford Group, a spiritual movement based on the \u201cFour Absolutes\u201d of honesty, purity, unselfishness, and love. Bill W. met Dr. Bob in May 1935, and the men shared their stories with one another. The two began to work on how to best approach alcoholics and began trying to help men recover from alcoholism. The idea for the book developed at least as early as 1937, when Bill W. and Dr. Bob realized their system had helped over 40 men stay sober for more than 2 years. The book was meant to carry their message far and wide.", "In his book he offered insight from the patient's point of view, \"as well as forearming him against the extraordinary rationalizing technique that he will uncover from time to time during his struggle to make readjustment without alcohol. \" Many of the founding members of what would become Alcoholics Anonymous read his book with great interest. After his book was published in 1931, Peabody moved from Boston to New York City. He began practicing in his new home at 24 Gramercy Park, where he charged US$20 per hour for seven sessions per week, a fee that few but the wealthy could afford. His practice was in the same neighborhood as Calvary Episcopal Church on East 23rd Street where the Rev. Samuel Moor Shoemaker was Rector and active in the Oxford Group, and near the Olive Tree Inn that Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill W.'s friend Ebby Thacher went to. The Calvary Church's Rescue Mission was where Bill W. took his pledge of sobriety. Several physicians began using his technique, including Norman Jolliffe at Bellevue Hospital in New York, Edward Strecker at the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia, and Merrill Moore at Boston City Hospital. The Yale Center of Alcohol Studies opened the first free clinic devoted solely to treating alcoholism in 1944. Their clinics were directed by Raymond G. McCarthy, a Peabody-trained therapist. Peabody's followers continued his work until the 1950s. The founder of A.A., Bill Wilson along with his wife Lois read Peabody's book \"The Common Sense of Drinking\" and were very interested in it. A.A. founders. Bill W. and Dr. Bob credited Peabody with contributing to the founding concepts and principles of AA. Because A.A. was free and non-professional, it gradually eclipsed Peabody's methods and spread beyond its own mostly well-to-do roots to a wide audience.", "Bill W. and Dr. Bob  Bill W. and Dr. Bob is a play written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, published by Samuel French, Inc. The play will return to Off-Broadway after being produced in some thirty of the fifty United States, Australia, Canada, and England. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews at The Soho Playhouse on July 8, 2013. The first production of \"Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" began previews off-Broadway at New World Stages on February 16, 2007 and opened on March 5, 2007. It ran for 132 performances and closed on June 10, 2007. It is based on the story of William Wilson (Bill W.) and Dr. Robert Smith (Bob S., or \"Dr. Bob\"), the founders of Alcoholics Anonymous and their wives Lois Wilson and Anne Smith, creators of Al-Anon. \" Bill W. and Dr. Bob\" is written by Stephen Bergman and Janet Surrey, produced by Bradford S. Lovette, Dr. Michael and Judith Weinberg, and The New Repertory Theatre and stars Marc Carver as Man, Kathleen Doyle as Anne Smith, Deanna Dunmyer as Woman, Rachel Harker as Lois Wilson, Patrick Husted as Dr. Bob Smith and Robert Krakovski as Bill Wilson. It was directed by Rick Lombardo and with music composed by Ray Kennedy. A video was produced of the 2007 Off-Broadway production by The Hazelden Foundation.", "Stepping Stones (house) Stepping Stones is the historic home of Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill Wilson (Bill W.) and his wife, co-founder of Al-Anon/Alateen Lois Wilson (Lois W.), in Bedford Hills, New York. The historic site features their house (a Dutch Colonial Revival structure from 1920), Bill W.'s writing studio nicknamed \"Wit's End\", approximately 15,000 objects (furniture, memorabilia, etc.) left by the Wilsons, a water pump house, the original one-car garage, a two-car garage / Welcome Center with an orientation display highlighting some of the 100,000 items in the Stepping Stones Archives, flower garden, community vegetable garden, and more. Lois left the property to The Stepping Stones Foundation - the nonprofit, tax-exempt organization that she founded in 1979. Since Mrs. Wilson's death in 1988 the Stepping Stones Foundation has maintained and preserved the site with the help of friends, and has offered on-site tours by reservation and off-site educational programs. The house at 62 Oak Road, Katonah, New York is on the state and National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York. The \"New York Times\" quoted a former executive director of the site: In 2012 it was designated a National Historic Landmark. The Wilsons bought the house on 1.7 acres in 1941 more than five years after Bill W. took his last drink in December 1934. Lois Wilson later co-founded Al-Anon there. The desk on which Bill wrote much of the book \"Alcoholics Anonymous\" (\"The Big Book\", the principal text of A.A.) resides at \"Wit's End,\" the office retreat he built out of cinder block with a friend on the property.", "Mann later said of her first encounter with High Watch Farm, \"There was something there, something that was really palpable that you could feel, and every one of us felt it. To say that we fell in love with it is not to use the right terminology at all. We were engulfed... What is at the Farm was at the Farm before we ever found it. It found us, in my opinion.\" Marty Mann was an early ally of Bill W.\u2019s in founding AA, often thought of as the third co-founder. The earliest and most significant friend of High Watch Farm , she had her own cabin there, and for a year her mother ran the Farm. Her speech at the 25th Anniversary of High Watch is notable for her description of the historic meeting of Bill W. and Sister Francis. A celebrated speaker, Mann was Bill W.\u2019s chosen replacement on the speaker\u2019s platform when he was too ill to appear. In later years, Ebby Thacher, the man Bill Wilson would refer to as \"my sponsor\", would be a guest at High Watch. The High Watch board, with its new AA members, were startled awake in July, 1941, when Sister Francis, board president, declared herself physically incapable of setting foot on her own land and Marty Mann abruptly resigned her secretary position on the board. \u201cThe vision is lost,\u201d Sister Francis mourned. It turned out that a psychologist, a recovering alcoholic, had been put in place as director of the new High Watch Farm. Though he agreed to operate \u201cin full collaboration with AA,\u201d he later decided that only what he alone had to offer would work. Alerted by Marty and Sister Francis, Bill W. wrote to the director about this \u201cimpasse\u201d in a strong, mediating letter."], "answer": {"text": "Wilson became a stock speculator", "answer_start": 1539}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Bill W. married to?", "answer": {"text": "Lois Burnham", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any kids?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson met his wife Lois Burnham during the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get married?", "answer": {"text": "the summer of 1913,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he work?", "answer": {"text": "Vermont National Guard", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start struggling with alcoholism?", "answer": {"text": "1916", "answer_start": 488, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did alcohol impact his life?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson's constant drinking made business impossible and ruined his reputation.", "answer_start": 1781, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did alcohol affect his marriage?", "answer": {"text": "had success traveling the country with his wife, evaluating companies for potential investors.", "answer_start": 1576, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#0", "question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "rewrite": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1999, Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014 in Gurgaon, India. He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. According to a declaration of his assets by an anti-graft body, Karzai earns $525 monthly and has less than $20,000 in bank accounts. Karzai does not own any land or property. Karzai has six brothers, including Mahmood Karzai and Qayum Karzai, as well as Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region. Qayum is also the founder of the Afghans for a Civil Society. Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai. The family owns and operates several successful Afghan restaurants in the East Coast of the United States and in Chicago. In initial biographical news reporting, there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan. This confusion might have arisen from sources stating he was chosen as the tribal chief, or Khan, of the Popalzai. Traditionally, the Popalzai tribe has been led by members of the Sadozais. The first King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was the leader of the Sadozais, and the Sadozai lineage continued to rule Afghanistan until 1826 when the Barakzais ascended to the throne. Karzai is believed to be from the Shamizai subtribe of the Popalzais.", "The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\"", "On May 6, 2009, Abdullah registered as an Independent candidate for the 2009 Afghan presidential election, running against incumbent president Hamid Karzai. Abdullah selected as his running mates Humayun Shah Asefi as his First Vice President and Dr. Cheragh Ali Cheragh (a surgeon from Kabul who is a practicing Shi'i Muslim) as Second Vice President. Afghanistan has an executive structure featuring two vice presidents, a First VP and a Second VP, to help ensure a stable government by attempting to provide ethnic and religious balance to senior government leadership positions. Unofficial and non-certified electoral results were announced during the day on September 16, 2009, showing that Abdullah was in second position with 27.8% of the total votes cast. President Karzai did not achieve the 50.01% vote majority required to avoid a runoff election. A large number of fraudulent ballots, mostly belonging to Karzai's camp, were disallowed by the Independent Afghan Electoral Commission. Karzai came under intense international political and diplomatic pressure from international leaders because of allegations of large-scale fraud. Hamid Karzai eventually agreed to participate in a designated head-to-head runoff election (held between the contenders with the two largest numbers of total votes in the first election) which was scheduled nationwide for November 7, 2009. On November 1, 2009, Abdullah announced that he had decided to withdraw from the runoff election, citing his lack of faith in the President Karzai government's ability to hold a \"fair and transparent\" second election process. Subsequently, Hamid Karzai was declared the winner by the Afghan Electoral Commission (essentially winning by default). After the 2009 Afghan Presidential Elections, Abdullah created the Coalition for Change and Hope (CCH). The NCA presented the leading democratic opposition movement against the government of Hamid Karzai.", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text.", "Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan."], "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#1", "question": "When were they married?", "rewrite": "When were Hamid Karzai and Zeenat Quraishi married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.", "Zeenat Karzai Zeenat Quraishi Karzai (born 1970) is the wife of former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai and was the First Lady of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. Originally from the city of Kandahar, she moved to Kabul where she lived at the Presidential Palace with her husband and their four children. Born in 1970 and raised in Kandahar, Afghanistan, the daughter of a civil servant, Zenat Quraishi moved to Kabul after high school to attend Kabul University. She is an ethnic Pashtun. In 1993, she and her family escaped from the civil war to neighboring Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. She was a gynaecologist by profession, and has worked in hospitals treating Afghan refugees in Pakistan before she married Hamid Karzai. She is a distant relative of Hamid Karzai and they have a son who was born in 2007, named Mirwais and a daughter named Malalai, born in 2012. Their third child, a daughter named Howsi, was born in a private hospital in Gurgaon, India in March 2014, when Zeenat Karzai was 44. Their fourth child, a daughter, was born on 3 September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. Dr. Zeenat belongs to the Quraish family line and her husband Karzai is from the Popalzai tribe. For a president who has been credited for helping the women of Afghanistan regain their civil rights, Karzai has been criticized for being overly conservative with his own spouse. Many have accused Karzai of keeping the first lady out of the media\u2019s reach over fears of criticism from conservative mullahs and religious leaders.", "The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\"", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text.", "In 1999, Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014 in Gurgaon, India. He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. According to a declaration of his assets by an anti-graft body, Karzai earns $525 monthly and has less than $20,000 in bank accounts. Karzai does not own any land or property. Karzai has six brothers, including Mahmood Karzai and Qayum Karzai, as well as Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region. Qayum is also the founder of the Afghans for a Civil Society. Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai. The family owns and operates several successful Afghan restaurants in the East Coast of the United States and in Chicago. In initial biographical news reporting, there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan. This confusion might have arisen from sources stating he was chosen as the tribal chief, or Khan, of the Popalzai. Traditionally, the Popalzai tribe has been led by members of the Sadozais. The first King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was the leader of the Sadozais, and the Sadozai lineage continued to rule Afghanistan until 1826 when the Barakzais ascended to the throne. Karzai is believed to be from the Shamizai subtribe of the Popalzais."], "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#2", "question": "What did his wife do?", "rewrite": "What did Zeenat Quraishi do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1999, Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014 in Gurgaon, India. He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. According to a declaration of his assets by an anti-graft body, Karzai earns $525 monthly and has less than $20,000 in bank accounts. Karzai does not own any land or property. Karzai has six brothers, including Mahmood Karzai and Qayum Karzai, as well as Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region. Qayum is also the founder of the Afghans for a Civil Society. Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai. The family owns and operates several successful Afghan restaurants in the East Coast of the United States and in Chicago. In initial biographical news reporting, there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan. This confusion might have arisen from sources stating he was chosen as the tribal chief, or Khan, of the Popalzai. Traditionally, the Popalzai tribe has been led by members of the Sadozais. The first King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was the leader of the Sadozais, and the Sadozai lineage continued to rule Afghanistan until 1826 when the Barakzais ascended to the throne. Karzai is believed to be from the Shamizai subtribe of the Popalzais.", "Given the finesse of Zeenat and Basanti, Mr. Gupta invites Rukmini Bai with her women to perform at the engagement ceremony of his son. During the performance, Sushil is smitten by Zeenat's beauty and approaches her in the dressing room. Zeenat also gets attracted to Sushil. In the meanwhile, it is shown that the City Councillor, Shantidevi (Gita Siddharth), who also runs the Women Organisation of the town is averse to Rukmini Bai and her doings. In a Municipal Committee meeting, she proposes that the brothel should be moved out of town, in order to protect the town from getting corrupted. The committee agrees to her demands and Rukmini Bai and her women are forced to relocate to a new place in the outskirts of the city, which happens to be near the Dargah of Baba Karak Shah. This attracts a lot of people, and Rukmini Bai's brothel starts thriving. In the meanwhile, Rukmini Bai gets to know about the budding love between Zeenat and Sushil and she forbids Zeenat from going ahead with the relationship. She reveals that Zeenat is the illegitimate child of Mr. Aggarwal and another prostitute, and Rukmini Bai had kept it as a secret for years, in order to save the face of Mr. Aggarwal. It makes Zeenat and Sushil siblings and renders their romantic relationship as prohibited. The complications set in when Sushil refuses to marry Malti and runs away from his house in order to pursue Zeenat. He asks Zeenat to elope from the brothel with him in search of better existence and Zeenat accepts his proposal. The whole brothel is in a state of panic when the news of Zeenat's elopement breaks out.", "Azra Quraishi Dr. Azra Quraishi was a leading botanist from Pakistan. She worked on the potato and became known for her work on tissue culture. She was given the Borlaug Award in 1997 and the Ordre des Palmes Acad\u00e9miques in 2002. She is credited with raising potato production in Pakistan by 5%. Quraishi was born in 1945 in Rajasthan, India, to Dr. Abdus Sattar Quraishi and Salma Quraishi. Her family moved to Rawalpindi in Pakistan in the upheaval caused by the British orchestrated \"partition of India\". She obtained her first degree from Gordon College in her home city and, in 1966, she obtained her Masters degree from the University of the Punjab in Lahore. After lecturing for several years at Viqar-un-Nisa Girls College in Rawalpindi, Quraishi traveled overseas on a Government of Pakistan scholarship. As a result she obtained a Masters degree in 1973 for her tissue culture research on \"Solanum tuberosum var. , BF-15\". Within three years she had obtained her doctorate from the University of Paris-Sud in Orsay, France for related work which was a \"Study of callogenesis and organogenesis from explant of in vitro shoots in Solanum tuberosum var. , BF-15\". Quraishi created virus-free seed potatoes in Pakistan. This research effected her country's trading position as it reduced the need to import seed potatoes from the Netherlands as she had increased Pakistan's annual potato production by 5%. This contribution brought her national recognition. Quraishi also \"successfully launched projects of micropropagation of banana, date palm, and screening salt tolerance through tissue culture in local wheat and rice cultivars.\"", "Anam blackmails Alvira saying that she has a video showing Alvira was behind Zeenat's accident. Arzoo discovers and confronts Zeenat who knows that her fake coma won't last long. Before Arzoo can tell Alvira and Sahir, she pretends to come out of the coma and pretends to ask Sahir for forgiveness. Anam tells Arzoo the truth about Zeenat and Vikram but withholds Alvira's secret. Arzoo shares everything with Sahir. Anam goes missing but she leaves a file behind with Arzoo which turns out to be Zeenat's father's will revealing that Alvira is Zeenat's stepmother and that Zeenat instigated her father against Alvira prompting him to leave all his wealth to Zeenat. To get a fair share for her own children, Alvira arranges Zeenat's accident and later tries to have her killed but fails. She admits she used Sahir so he would get Zeenat's wealth on her death and then after he remarries, the wealth would go to Siraj and Zaki, her own children. Anam escapes from Vikram who follows her to the Chaudhary House and asks Zeenat to leave with him. She refuses to recognise him and he reveals all the misdeeds, including shooting Sahir and trying to poison his IV, for her. The police arrest Vikram and Zeenat. Kurti Aapa apologizes to Arzoo and Sahir for supporting Zeenat. Sahir and Arzoo promise that they will always love each other. Sahir signs over Saiyaaira to Zaki, and makes Anam the VP. Sahir and Arzoo look back at them for the last time and bid them goodbye. The show ends with Sahir and Arzoo\u2019s happy union.", "Zeenat Karzai Zeenat Quraishi Karzai (born 1970) is the wife of former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai and was the First Lady of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. Originally from the city of Kandahar, she moved to Kabul where she lived at the Presidential Palace with her husband and their four children. Born in 1970 and raised in Kandahar, Afghanistan, the daughter of a civil servant, Zenat Quraishi moved to Kabul after high school to attend Kabul University. She is an ethnic Pashtun. In 1993, she and her family escaped from the civil war to neighboring Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. She was a gynaecologist by profession, and has worked in hospitals treating Afghan refugees in Pakistan before she married Hamid Karzai. She is a distant relative of Hamid Karzai and they have a son who was born in 2007, named Mirwais and a daughter named Malalai, born in 2012. Their third child, a daughter named Howsi, was born in a private hospital in Gurgaon, India in March 2014, when Zeenat Karzai was 44. Their fourth child, a daughter, was born on 3 September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. Dr. Zeenat belongs to the Quraish family line and her husband Karzai is from the Popalzai tribe. For a president who has been credited for helping the women of Afghanistan regain their civil rights, Karzai has been criticized for being overly conservative with his own spouse. Many have accused Karzai of keeping the first lady out of the media\u2019s reach over fears of criticism from conservative mullahs and religious leaders."], "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#3", "question": "Did they have any children?", "rewrite": "Did Hamid Karzai and Zeenat Quraishi have any children?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\"", "Zeenat Karzai Zeenat Quraishi Karzai (born 1970) is the wife of former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai and was the First Lady of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. Originally from the city of Kandahar, she moved to Kabul where she lived at the Presidential Palace with her husband and their four children. Born in 1970 and raised in Kandahar, Afghanistan, the daughter of a civil servant, Zenat Quraishi moved to Kabul after high school to attend Kabul University. She is an ethnic Pashtun. In 1993, she and her family escaped from the civil war to neighboring Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. She was a gynaecologist by profession, and has worked in hospitals treating Afghan refugees in Pakistan before she married Hamid Karzai. She is a distant relative of Hamid Karzai and they have a son who was born in 2007, named Mirwais and a daughter named Malalai, born in 2012. Their third child, a daughter named Howsi, was born in a private hospital in Gurgaon, India in March 2014, when Zeenat Karzai was 44. Their fourth child, a daughter, was born on 3 September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. Dr. Zeenat belongs to the Quraish family line and her husband Karzai is from the Popalzai tribe. For a president who has been credited for helping the women of Afghanistan regain their civil rights, Karzai has been criticized for being overly conservative with his own spouse. Many have accused Karzai of keeping the first lady out of the media\u2019s reach over fears of criticism from conservative mullahs and religious leaders.", "In 1999, Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014 in Gurgaon, India. He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. According to a declaration of his assets by an anti-graft body, Karzai earns $525 monthly and has less than $20,000 in bank accounts. Karzai does not own any land or property. Karzai has six brothers, including Mahmood Karzai and Qayum Karzai, as well as Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region. Qayum is also the founder of the Afghans for a Civil Society. Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai. The family owns and operates several successful Afghan restaurants in the East Coast of the United States and in Chicago. In initial biographical news reporting, there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan. This confusion might have arisen from sources stating he was chosen as the tribal chief, or Khan, of the Popalzai. Traditionally, the Popalzai tribe has been led by members of the Sadozais. The first King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was the leader of the Sadozais, and the Sadozai lineage continued to rule Afghanistan until 1826 when the Barakzais ascended to the throne. Karzai is believed to be from the Shamizai subtribe of the Popalzais.", "Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text."], "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#4", "question": "Any other children?", "rewrite": "Aside from Mirwais, Malalai, and Howsi, do Hamid Karzai and Zeenat Quraishi have any other children?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\"", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text.", "Zeenat Karzai Zeenat Quraishi Karzai (born 1970) is the wife of former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai and was the First Lady of Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014. Originally from the city of Kandahar, she moved to Kabul where she lived at the Presidential Palace with her husband and their four children. Born in 1970 and raised in Kandahar, Afghanistan, the daughter of a civil servant, Zenat Quraishi moved to Kabul after high school to attend Kabul University. She is an ethnic Pashtun. In 1993, she and her family escaped from the civil war to neighboring Quetta in Balochistan, Pakistan. She was a gynaecologist by profession, and has worked in hospitals treating Afghan refugees in Pakistan before she married Hamid Karzai. She is a distant relative of Hamid Karzai and they have a son who was born in 2007, named Mirwais and a daughter named Malalai, born in 2012. Their third child, a daughter named Howsi, was born in a private hospital in Gurgaon, India in March 2014, when Zeenat Karzai was 44. Their fourth child, a daughter, was born on 3 September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. Dr. Zeenat belongs to the Quraish family line and her husband Karzai is from the Popalzai tribe. For a president who has been credited for helping the women of Afghanistan regain their civil rights, Karzai has been criticized for being overly conservative with his own spouse. Many have accused Karzai of keeping the first lady out of the media\u2019s reach over fears of criticism from conservative mullahs and religious leaders.", "Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.", "In 1999, Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014 in Gurgaon, India. He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. According to a declaration of his assets by an anti-graft body, Karzai earns $525 monthly and has less than $20,000 in bank accounts. Karzai does not own any land or property. Karzai has six brothers, including Mahmood Karzai and Qayum Karzai, as well as Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region. Qayum is also the founder of the Afghans for a Civil Society. Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai. The family owns and operates several successful Afghan restaurants in the East Coast of the United States and in Chicago. In initial biographical news reporting, there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan. This confusion might have arisen from sources stating he was chosen as the tribal chief, or Khan, of the Popalzai. Traditionally, the Popalzai tribe has been led by members of the Sadozais. The first King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was the leader of the Sadozais, and the Sadozai lineage continued to rule Afghanistan until 1826 when the Barakzais ascended to the throne. Karzai is believed to be from the Shamizai subtribe of the Popalzais."], "answer": {"text": "He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.", "answer_start": 303}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#5", "question": "Does he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Does Hamid Karzai have any siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text.", "On May 6, 2009, Abdullah registered as an Independent candidate for the 2009 Afghan presidential election, running against incumbent president Hamid Karzai. Abdullah selected as his running mates Humayun Shah Asefi as his First Vice President and Dr. Cheragh Ali Cheragh (a surgeon from Kabul who is a practicing Shi'i Muslim) as Second Vice President. Afghanistan has an executive structure featuring two vice presidents, a First VP and a Second VP, to help ensure a stable government by attempting to provide ethnic and religious balance to senior government leadership positions. Unofficial and non-certified electoral results were announced during the day on September 16, 2009, showing that Abdullah was in second position with 27.8% of the total votes cast. President Karzai did not achieve the 50.01% vote majority required to avoid a runoff election. A large number of fraudulent ballots, mostly belonging to Karzai's camp, were disallowed by the Independent Afghan Electoral Commission. Karzai came under intense international political and diplomatic pressure from international leaders because of allegations of large-scale fraud. Hamid Karzai eventually agreed to participate in a designated head-to-head runoff election (held between the contenders with the two largest numbers of total votes in the first election) which was scheduled nationwide for November 7, 2009. On November 1, 2009, Abdullah announced that he had decided to withdraw from the runoff election, citing his lack of faith in the President Karzai government's ability to hold a \"fair and transparent\" second election process. Subsequently, Hamid Karzai was declared the winner by the Afghan Electoral Commission (essentially winning by default). After the 2009 Afghan Presidential Elections, Abdullah created the Coalition for Change and Hope (CCH). The NCA presented the leading democratic opposition movement against the government of Hamid Karzai.", "Abdul Ahad Karzai Abdul Ahad Karzai (1922 \u2013 14 July 1999) was a politician in Afghanistan, who served as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan under King Zahir Shah in the 1960s. He was the son of Khair Mohammad Khan and brother of Habibullah and Azizullah Karzai. His sons are the former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and his brothers Ahmed Wali, Mahmud and Qayum. He is also uncle of Hekmat Karzai. As head of the Popalzai Pashtun tribe, Abdul Ahad Karzai moved with his family from Kandahar to the capital Kabul upon his election to the Parliament. He criticised the communist government in Afghanistan and was imprisoned for three years, at which point his family's properties were confiscated. On 14 July 1999, when the Taliban government was in power, Abdul Ahad Karzai was assassinated by two Taliban gunmen on a motorcycle outside the house of a relatives house Quetta, Pakistan. The shot not only killed Karzai but also his relative Baz, who comes from one of the richest families in Afghanistan. Karzai was at their house eating breakfast when they both lost their life. He was 77 years old when he died and his son Hamid Karzai took over the leadership and responsibilities of the Popalzai tribe. The Karzai family were living as Afghan refugees in neighboring Pakistan from where Hamid Karzai organized the tribe's affairs.", "The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\"", "Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan."], "answer": {"text": "Karzai has six brothers,", "answer_start": 604}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other children?", "answer": {"text": "He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.", "answer_start": 303, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#6", "question": "Any sisters?", "rewrite": "Does Hamid Karzai have any sisters?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text.", "Abdul Ahad Karzai Abdul Ahad Karzai (1922 \u2013 14 July 1999) was a politician in Afghanistan, who served as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan under King Zahir Shah in the 1960s. He was the son of Khair Mohammad Khan and brother of Habibullah and Azizullah Karzai. His sons are the former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and his brothers Ahmed Wali, Mahmud and Qayum. He is also uncle of Hekmat Karzai. As head of the Popalzai Pashtun tribe, Abdul Ahad Karzai moved with his family from Kandahar to the capital Kabul upon his election to the Parliament. He criticised the communist government in Afghanistan and was imprisoned for three years, at which point his family's properties were confiscated. On 14 July 1999, when the Taliban government was in power, Abdul Ahad Karzai was assassinated by two Taliban gunmen on a motorcycle outside the house of a relatives house Quetta, Pakistan. The shot not only killed Karzai but also his relative Baz, who comes from one of the richest families in Afghanistan. Karzai was at their house eating breakfast when they both lost their life. He was 77 years old when he died and his son Hamid Karzai took over the leadership and responsibilities of the Popalzai tribe. The Karzai family were living as Afghan refugees in neighboring Pakistan from where Hamid Karzai organized the tribe's affairs.", "On May 6, 2009, Abdullah registered as an Independent candidate for the 2009 Afghan presidential election, running against incumbent president Hamid Karzai. Abdullah selected as his running mates Humayun Shah Asefi as his First Vice President and Dr. Cheragh Ali Cheragh (a surgeon from Kabul who is a practicing Shi'i Muslim) as Second Vice President. Afghanistan has an executive structure featuring two vice presidents, a First VP and a Second VP, to help ensure a stable government by attempting to provide ethnic and religious balance to senior government leadership positions. Unofficial and non-certified electoral results were announced during the day on September 16, 2009, showing that Abdullah was in second position with 27.8% of the total votes cast. President Karzai did not achieve the 50.01% vote majority required to avoid a runoff election. A large number of fraudulent ballots, mostly belonging to Karzai's camp, were disallowed by the Independent Afghan Electoral Commission. Karzai came under intense international political and diplomatic pressure from international leaders because of allegations of large-scale fraud. Hamid Karzai eventually agreed to participate in a designated head-to-head runoff election (held between the contenders with the two largest numbers of total votes in the first election) which was scheduled nationwide for November 7, 2009. On November 1, 2009, Abdullah announced that he had decided to withdraw from the runoff election, citing his lack of faith in the President Karzai government's ability to hold a \"fair and transparent\" second election process. Subsequently, Hamid Karzai was declared the winner by the Afghan Electoral Commission (essentially winning by default). After the 2009 Afghan Presidential Elections, Abdullah created the Coalition for Change and Hope (CCH). The NCA presented the leading democratic opposition movement against the government of Hamid Karzai.", "The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\""], "answer": {"text": "Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai.", "answer_start": 838}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other children?", "answer": {"text": "He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.", "answer_start": 303, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has six brothers,", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#7", "question": "Was anyone else in his family involved in politics?", "rewrite": "Besides Hamid Karzai, was anyone else in Hamid Karzai's family involved in politics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text.", "The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\"", "Abdul Ahad Karzai Abdul Ahad Karzai (1922 \u2013 14 July 1999) was a politician in Afghanistan, who served as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan under King Zahir Shah in the 1960s. He was the son of Khair Mohammad Khan and brother of Habibullah and Azizullah Karzai. His sons are the former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and his brothers Ahmed Wali, Mahmud and Qayum. He is also uncle of Hekmat Karzai. As head of the Popalzai Pashtun tribe, Abdul Ahad Karzai moved with his family from Kandahar to the capital Kabul upon his election to the Parliament. He criticised the communist government in Afghanistan and was imprisoned for three years, at which point his family's properties were confiscated. On 14 July 1999, when the Taliban government was in power, Abdul Ahad Karzai was assassinated by two Taliban gunmen on a motorcycle outside the house of a relatives house Quetta, Pakistan. The shot not only killed Karzai but also his relative Baz, who comes from one of the richest families in Afghanistan. Karzai was at their house eating breakfast when they both lost their life. He was 77 years old when he died and his son Hamid Karzai took over the leadership and responsibilities of the Popalzai tribe. The Karzai family were living as Afghan refugees in neighboring Pakistan from where Hamid Karzai organized the tribe's affairs.", "On May 6, 2009, Abdullah registered as an Independent candidate for the 2009 Afghan presidential election, running against incumbent president Hamid Karzai. Abdullah selected as his running mates Humayun Shah Asefi as his First Vice President and Dr. Cheragh Ali Cheragh (a surgeon from Kabul who is a practicing Shi'i Muslim) as Second Vice President. Afghanistan has an executive structure featuring two vice presidents, a First VP and a Second VP, to help ensure a stable government by attempting to provide ethnic and religious balance to senior government leadership positions. Unofficial and non-certified electoral results were announced during the day on September 16, 2009, showing that Abdullah was in second position with 27.8% of the total votes cast. President Karzai did not achieve the 50.01% vote majority required to avoid a runoff election. A large number of fraudulent ballots, mostly belonging to Karzai's camp, were disallowed by the Independent Afghan Electoral Commission. Karzai came under intense international political and diplomatic pressure from international leaders because of allegations of large-scale fraud. Hamid Karzai eventually agreed to participate in a designated head-to-head runoff election (held between the contenders with the two largest numbers of total votes in the first election) which was scheduled nationwide for November 7, 2009. On November 1, 2009, Abdullah announced that he had decided to withdraw from the runoff election, citing his lack of faith in the President Karzai government's ability to hold a \"fair and transparent\" second election process. Subsequently, Hamid Karzai was declared the winner by the Afghan Electoral Commission (essentially winning by default). After the 2009 Afghan Presidential Elections, Abdullah created the Coalition for Change and Hope (CCH). The NCA presented the leading democratic opposition movement against the government of Hamid Karzai."], "answer": {"text": "Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region.", "answer_start": 683}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other children?", "answer": {"text": "He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.", "answer_start": 303, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has six brothers,", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai.", "answer_start": 838, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#8", "question": "How was Ahmed Wali related to Hamid?", "rewrite": "How was Ahmed Wali Karzai related to Hamid Karzai?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hamid Karzai's election campaign manager for the south, and half-brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai \u2013 himself a candidate for re-election as the head of the Kandahar provincial council \u2013 has also long been alleged to have prominent drug trafficking ties, and was thought to control a significant proportion of Afghan heroin production. Numerous reports link him to the Afghan drug trade, according to officials from the White House, the State Department and the United States Embassy in Afghanistan. Officials at the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence have alleged that the White House favored a hands-off approach with Ahmed Wali Karzai because of his political position. Only a week before the election he denied a report from German news magazine Stern that said that British special forces had found several tons of opium on his land. He claimed that this was being done just before the election to hurt Hamid Karzai's chance of re-election. According to current and former U.S. officials, Ahmed Wali Karzai was also being paid by CIA, and had been for the past eight years. The New York Times reported on October 27, 2009, stating: \"\" The C.I.A.\u2019s practices also suggest that the United States is not doing everything in its power to stamp out the lucrative Afghan drug trade.\" \" Also alleged to have orchestrated much of the fraud in favour of his brother in the presidential election, Ahmed Wali Karzai was himself re-elected to the Kandahar provincial council in the August 20 vote. The Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC), said insecurity had \"severely limited freedom of movement and constrained freedom of expression for candidates\". Security concerns prevented presidential candidates from campaigning in most of the provinces, and candidates running for provincial councils were under constant threat wherever they went.", "This doesn't seem to bother NATO a bit considering it finances Qayum-owned media outlets which, incidentally, never seem to report anything negative about the Karzai regime...\" According to investigate research, and an editorial in the \"Washington Times\" (21 May 2012) entitled \"Afghanistan\u2019s corruption breeds failure: Successful withdrawal requires tougher action against official thievery,\" by Malou Innocent and Danny Marku: \" But Qayum Karzai is not the only Karzai involved in such strong-arm tactics against his business rivals. Hamid Karzai \u2019s younger half-brother, the late Ahmed Wali Karzai, once consolidated his power by acting as both the powerful chairman of Kandahar\u2019s provincial council and by relying on a mafialike network of militias that made millions of dollars by bribing security companies that benefited from contracts escorting NATO convoys.\" Sibel Edmonds has also researched and written about controversies surrounding Qayum Karzai's, Ahmed Wali Karzai's and Mahmoud Karzai's various business dealings in Afghanistan. The National Security Whistleblowers Coalition has also raised concerns.", "In addition, James Risen of \"The New York Times\" and others stated that Ahmed Wali Karzai may have been involved in the Afghan opium and heroin trade. This was denied by Karzai, who called the charges political propaganda and stated he was a \"victim of vicious politics.\" In meetings with Afghan President Hamid Karzai, including a 2006 session with former US Ambassador to Afghanistan, Ronald E. Neumann, the CIA's station chief and their British counterparts, American officials talked about the rumors in hopes that the president might move his brother out of the country, said several people who took part in or were briefed on the talks. \"We thought the concern expressed to Karzai might be enough to get him out of there,\" one official said. President Karzai has resisted, however, demanding clear-cut evidence of wrongdoing, several officials said. \"We don't have the kind of hard, direct evidence that you could take to get a criminal indictment,\" a White House official said. Ahmed Wali Karzai dismissed the allegations as politically motivated attacks by longtime rival groups in his country. Before the 2009 Afghan presidential election, Wali Karzai and Sher Mohammad Akhundzada, former governor of the Helmand Province and a member of the Upper House of the Afghan parliament, were accused of vote rigging. After the election, reports mentioned that all those running in the election were involved in electoral fraud. In October 2009 \"The New York Times\" reported that Ahmed Wali Karzai received payments from the CIA for \"a variety of services\", including the recruitment of the Kandahar Strike Force, an Afghan paramilitary force run by the CIA in the Kandahar region.", "Ahmed Wali Karzai Karzai was born in 1961 in the village of Karz in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and brother of Hamid Karzai, Mahmud Karzai and Qayum Karzai. He attended Habibia High School in Kabul but was not able to finish his studies due to the Soviet\u2013Afghan War. He travelled to neighbouring Pakistan and then immigrated to the United States. Wali Karzai managed an Afghan restaurant in Chicago that was owned by his family. Ahmad Wali returned to Pakistan in the late 1980s to help his father, Abdul Ahad. He came to political prominence in Afghanistan following the US occupation of the country in 2001, where he was a key ally of the US military in the country's south. He was elected to the Kandahar Provincial Council in 2005 and exercised influence in the province to the extent that he was described as \"effectively the governor\". At the time of his death, he was the Council's chairman. A few days before his death, Ahmed Wali Karzai appeared on a British television programme, \"Afghanistan: The Unknown Country,\" presented by Lyse Doucet, at his home in Kandahar, talking about public perceptions of him. Doucet said: \"Like most strong men, he depended on family and fellow tribesmen to protect him.\" A June 2009 U.S. embassy cable alleged that much of the actual business of running the Afghan city of Kandahar \"takes place out of public sight, where Ahmed Wali Karzai operates, parallel to formal government structures, through a network of political clans that use state institutions to protect and enable licit and illicit enterprises.\"", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text."], "answer": {"text": "brothers,", "answer_start": 619}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other children?", "answer": {"text": "He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.", "answer_start": 303, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has six brothers,", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai.", "answer_start": 838, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anyone else in his family involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region.", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#9", "question": "What is Karzai's tribal lineage?", "rewrite": "What is Hamid Karzai's tribal lineage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The assailant was immediately killed by other bodyguards and then his body was hanged at a city square on public view. In the meantime, Karzai's body was taken to Mirwais Hospital in Kandahar. Thousands of people turned up for his funeral the next day, led by Afghan President Hamid Karzai, and many more waited in buses where his body lay to be taken to his hometown of Karz. Security was tightened around the funeral procession and some reports indicated Hamid Karzai's elite security team were deployed to secure Kandahar, where the funeral was held. At the funeral procession Hamid Karzai issued a message to the Taliban: Hamid Karzai's spokesman Waheed Omer said that \"We know we live in a dangerous country. We know that security has to be tight all the time and the president knows [this]. He's got good security and that is not a worry for the president. The president is upset, he is still in grief, about the death of his brother. Wali was a very close brother of the president. \" En route to the funeral Helmand Governor Gulab Mangal escaped an assassination attempt, while later in the evening two more blasts went off in Kandahar. Though Hamid Karzai led the funeral procession, he was not present at a memorial service which was attacked by a suicide bomber killing the senior cleric of the mosque Hikmatullah Hikmat, the head of the Provincial Ulema Council, who died along with three others while 13 others were also wounded. President Hamid Karzai issued a statement on the day his brother died saying: \"My younger brother was martyred in his house today. This is the life of all Afghan people, I hope these miseries which every Afghan family faces will one day end\"", "Abdul Ahad Karzai Abdul Ahad Karzai (1922 \u2013 14 July 1999) was a politician in Afghanistan, who served as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan under King Zahir Shah in the 1960s. He was the son of Khair Mohammad Khan and brother of Habibullah and Azizullah Karzai. His sons are the former Afghan President Hamid Karzai and his brothers Ahmed Wali, Mahmud and Qayum. He is also uncle of Hekmat Karzai. As head of the Popalzai Pashtun tribe, Abdul Ahad Karzai moved with his family from Kandahar to the capital Kabul upon his election to the Parliament. He criticised the communist government in Afghanistan and was imprisoned for three years, at which point his family's properties were confiscated. On 14 July 1999, when the Taliban government was in power, Abdul Ahad Karzai was assassinated by two Taliban gunmen on a motorcycle outside the house of a relatives house Quetta, Pakistan. The shot not only killed Karzai but also his relative Baz, who comes from one of the richest families in Afghanistan. Karzai was at their house eating breakfast when they both lost their life. He was 77 years old when he died and his son Hamid Karzai took over the leadership and responsibilities of the Popalzai tribe. The Karzai family were living as Afghan refugees in neighboring Pakistan from where Hamid Karzai organized the tribe's affairs.", "Arknouche told police he had met suspected shoe bomber Richard Reid and Zacarias Moussaoui at a training camp in Afghanistan in 2000. Tuesday, February 5: Calling on his countrymen to \"take each other's hands\" to rebuild the nation, interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai raised Afghanistan's new flag over the presidential palace. The flag had been originally approved by the 1964 constitution as Afghanistan's national emblem but had not flown over government offices in Kabul since the Taliban took over in the early 1990s. The ceremony, which lasted about 15 minutes, was attended by cabinet ministers, diplomats and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani. Wednesday, February 6: In attempts to bring peace between feuding warlords, Afghanistan's interim leader Hamid Karzai visited Herat. Thursday, February 7: U.S. President George W. Bush decided that the 1949 Geneva Conventions would apply to captured Taliban fighters taken from Afghanistan to a US military base at Guant\u00e1namo Bay, Cuba, but not to al-Qaeda members there. Friday, February 8: Pakistan President Gen. Pervez Musharraf and Afghan interim leader Hamid Karzai agreed to cooperate on a proposed Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline project to transport natural gas from Central Asia to Pakistan via Afghanistan. Saturday, February 9: Hamid Karzai, head of the Afghan interim government, appointed Maulvi Zia-ul-haq Haqyar and Sayed Ikramuddin Masoomi as the new governors of Baghlan and Takhar provinces in northern Afghanistan. Sunday, February 10: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai released more than 300 captured Taliban soldier. Karzai said they were innocent and urged them to find jobs. Monday, February 11: Interim Afghan leader Hamid Karzai met with United Arab Emirates President His Highness Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.", "On May 6, 2009, Abdullah registered as an Independent candidate for the 2009 Afghan presidential election, running against incumbent president Hamid Karzai. Abdullah selected as his running mates Humayun Shah Asefi as his First Vice President and Dr. Cheragh Ali Cheragh (a surgeon from Kabul who is a practicing Shi'i Muslim) as Second Vice President. Afghanistan has an executive structure featuring two vice presidents, a First VP and a Second VP, to help ensure a stable government by attempting to provide ethnic and religious balance to senior government leadership positions. Unofficial and non-certified electoral results were announced during the day on September 16, 2009, showing that Abdullah was in second position with 27.8% of the total votes cast. President Karzai did not achieve the 50.01% vote majority required to avoid a runoff election. A large number of fraudulent ballots, mostly belonging to Karzai's camp, were disallowed by the Independent Afghan Electoral Commission. Karzai came under intense international political and diplomatic pressure from international leaders because of allegations of large-scale fraud. Hamid Karzai eventually agreed to participate in a designated head-to-head runoff election (held between the contenders with the two largest numbers of total votes in the first election) which was scheduled nationwide for November 7, 2009. On November 1, 2009, Abdullah announced that he had decided to withdraw from the runoff election, citing his lack of faith in the President Karzai government's ability to hold a \"fair and transparent\" second election process. Subsequently, Hamid Karzai was declared the winner by the Afghan Electoral Commission (essentially winning by default). After the 2009 Afghan Presidential Elections, Abdullah created the Coalition for Change and Hope (CCH). The NCA presented the leading democratic opposition movement against the government of Hamid Karzai.", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text."], "answer": {"text": "there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan.", "answer_start": 1038}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other children?", "answer": {"text": "He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.", "answer_start": 303, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has six brothers,", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai.", "answer_start": 838, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anyone else in his family involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region.", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was Ahmed Wali related to Hamid?", "answer": {"text": "brothers,", "answer_start": 619, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b67101615a2430aabcec67c690c90e6_0_q#10", "question": "Why was there confusion?", "rewrite": "Why was there confusion regarding Karzai's clan lineage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yar Mohammed (Karzai) Haji Yar Mohammed was a second cousin of Afghan President Hamid Karzai who was killed during a night raid by United States special forces on March 10, 2011. He is from Karz, the same village as the President. His killing came shortly after Karzai had demanded the US stop using the technique of night raids due to the unacceptable level of deaths of innocent civilians. According to David Williams, writing in the \"Daily Mail\", Ahmad Wali Karzai, chairman of the Kandahar Provincial Council, described the shooting as an accident. Karzai said that Yar Mohammed was not the target of the raid. Haji Padshah, a tribal elder who attended the funeral described the shooting as a deliberate execution. NATO spokesman initially claimed the dead man was the father of a suspected of being a Taliban leader, shot because he was holding an AK47. Later NATO spokesmen were to acknowledge confusion, and having multiple incompatible reports of what happened. was accidentally killed. According to Jon Boone, writing in \"The Guardian\", another of Preside Karzai's brothers, Mahmoud Karzai had speculated that the failed raid had been due to a false denunciation from disgruntled elements of the President's own clan. Mahmoud Karzai said that Yar Mohammed Karzai had killed a cousin thirty years earlier, during the time of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, and he was concerned that man's relatives were angry enough to employ a false denunciation to credulous American intelligence officials in order to get even. He said Yar Mohammed's son Waheed had been shot, as part of the feud, in October 2009. Both NATO and President Karzai's office said they would initiate inquiries into what really happened.", "Chinese kin A Chinese kin, lineage or sometimes rendered as clan, is a patrilineal and patrilocal group of related Chinese people with a common surname sharing a common ancestor and, in many cases, an ancestral home. Chinese kinship tend to be strong in southern China, reinforced by ties to an ancestral village, common property, and often a common spoken Chinese dialect unintelligible to people outside the village. Kinship structures tend to be weaker in northern China, with clan members that do not usually reside in the same village nor share property. A \"zupu\" () is a Chinese kin register or genealogy book, which contains stories of the kin's origins, male lineage and illustrious members. The register is usually updated regularly by the eldest person in the extended family, who hands on this responsibility to the next generation. The \"updating\" of one's \"zupu\" ( is a very important task in Chinese tradition, and can be traced back thousands of years. After several generations, the local clan lineage will often publish a compendium of these zupus. The overwhelming majority of zupus remain in private hands, though a large number may be found in the Peking University, Shanghai Library, Cornell University and T\u014dy\u014d Bunko. Chinese kinship associations are the corporate forms of kins and the fundamental unit of Chinese ancestral religion. They provide \"guanxi\" (social network) to members and they build and manage ancestral shrines dedicated to the worship of the deities of the kins. A lineage is a \"corporation\", in the sense that members feel to belong to the same body, are highly conscious of their group identity, and derive benefits from jointly-owned property and shared resources. Benefit derives from the surplus income of ancestral shrines and homes, which is reinvested by the managers or shared out in yearly dividends.", "Qayum Karzai Abdul Qayum Karzai or Qayyum Karzai (born 1947) is businessman and politician in Afghanistan. He is the elder brother of President Hamid Karzai. His brothers also include the controversial Mahmoud Karzai and the assassinated Ahmed Wali Karzai, both embroiled by allegations of widespread corruption in Afghanistan and other serious charges. Abdul Qayum was a businessman in the United States before entering into Afghan politics. He served as a member of the Wolesi Jirga, the lower house of the National Assembly of Afghanistan. He retired due to health reasons and \"reportedly been involved in back-channel peace diplomacy with the Taliban through Saudi Arabia.\" It was reported in June 2012 that he planned to run in the 2014 Afghan presidential election. His brother, Mahmoud Karzai was promoting Qayum Karzai for President as Hamid Karzai prepares his departure from office in 2014. However, under pressure from his brother President Hamid Karzai, Qayum decided to quit the race in March 2014 and endorse Zalmai Rassoul. He is the son of Abdul Ahad Karzai and an elder brother of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. His other brothers are Mahmoud Karzai, involved in the Kabul Bank scandal and other scandals, Ahmed Wali Karzai who was assassinated by his bodyguard, and Shah Wali Karzai. He also has at least one sister named Fauzia Karzai. According to a report by the Navy Postgraduate School, the Karzai family is from the Popolzai tribe of the Pashtun ethnic group. The report states that Qayum has a Masters of Arts from the American University, and he owns five restaurants in Baltimore, Maryland. Page text.", "In 1999, Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014 in Gurgaon, India. He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi. According to a declaration of his assets by an anti-graft body, Karzai earns $525 monthly and has less than $20,000 in bank accounts. Karzai does not own any land or property. Karzai has six brothers, including Mahmood Karzai and Qayum Karzai, as well as Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region. Qayum is also the founder of the Afghans for a Civil Society. Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai. The family owns and operates several successful Afghan restaurants in the East Coast of the United States and in Chicago. In initial biographical news reporting, there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan. This confusion might have arisen from sources stating he was chosen as the tribal chief, or Khan, of the Popalzai. Traditionally, the Popalzai tribe has been led by members of the Sadozais. The first King of Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, was the leader of the Sadozais, and the Sadozai lineage continued to rule Afghanistan until 1826 when the Barakzais ascended to the throne. Karzai is believed to be from the Shamizai subtribe of the Popalzais.", "Haakon Ericsson Haakon Ericsson (Old Norse: \"H\u00e1kon Eir\u00edksson\", ; died c. 1029-1030) was Earl of Lade and governor of Norway as a vassal under Knut the Great. H\u00e5kon Eiriksson was from a dynasty of Norwegian rulers in the eastern part of Trondheim, bordering the Trondheimsfjord. He was the son of Eirik H\u00e5konson, ruler of Norway and earl of Northumbria. His mother is commonly believed to have been Gytha, a daughter of Sweyn Forkbeard and Sigrid the Haughty of Denmark and half-sister of King Knut. After the Battle of Svolder, Eirik H\u00e5konson, with his brother Sveinn H\u00e1konarson, became kings of Norway under Sweyn Forkbeard. In 1014 or 1015 Eirik H\u00e5konson left Norway and joined Knut for his campaign in England. The north English earldom of Northumbria was given by Knut to Eirik after he won control of the north. Eirik remained as earl of Northumbria until his death between 1023 and 1033. As his father's successor in Norway, H\u00e5kon Eiriksson ruled as a Danish vassal from 1012 to 1015, with Einar Tambarskjelve as his aide and his uncle, Sveinn H\u00e1konarson, holding some areas as a Swedish vassal. After some years' absence in England fighting the Danes, Olaf Haraldsson returned to Norway in 1015 and declared himself king, obtaining the support of the petty kings of the Uplands. In 1016, Olaf defeated Sveinn H\u00e1konarson at the Battle of Nesjar."], "answer": {"text": "This confusion might have arisen from sources stating he was chosen as the tribal chief, or Khan, of the Popalzai.", "answer_start": 1158}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Hamid Karzai married?", "answer": {"text": "Hamid Karzai married Zeenat Quraishi,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When were they married?", "answer": {"text": "In 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his wife do?", "answer": {"text": "Zeenat Quraishi, a gynaecologist by profession who was working as a doctor with Afghan refugees living in Pakistan.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "They have a son, Mirwais, who was born in January 2007, a daughter, Malalai, born in 2012 and another daughter, Howsi, born in March 2014", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other children?", "answer": {"text": "He became father once again at the age of 58 when another daughter was born in September 2016 in Apollo Hospital, New Delhi.", "answer_start": 303, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has six brothers,", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Karzai has one sister, Fauzia Karzai.", "answer_start": 838, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anyone else in his family involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Ahmed Wali Karzai, deceased, who was the representative for the southern Afghanistan region.", "answer_start": 683, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was Ahmed Wali related to Hamid?", "answer": {"text": "brothers,", "answer_start": 619, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Karzai's tribal lineage?", "answer": {"text": "there was confusion regarding his clan lineage; it was written that his paternal lineage derived from the Sadozai clan.", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#0", "question": "What is H2O?", "rewrite": "What is H2O?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["H2O Networks H2O Networks, sometimes called the Water Networks, was a British telecommunications company founded in 2003 by Elfed Thomas. It was supposed to be rolling out Fibrecity around the UK. They were formally part of the i3 Group. H2O networks in their Fibrecity (Bournemouth) and Fibrecity (Dundee) guises ceased their builds in October 2010 stating that there would be a short delay due to company restructuring. Their installation contractors in both cities were laid off. In January 2011 it was announced that there had been a management buy-out of the H2O Networks part of the i3 business, including Fibrecity, by the ex i3 Group CCO Greg Mesch, the new company is to be called City Fibre Holdings. Revelations about the financial backing behind H2O Networks were released in February 2011. H20 was one of ten companies used by Stephen Dartnell and his co-conspirators to fraudulently obtain over \u00a3250m, with H20 the biggest victim, with an amount of over \u00a3160m. Total Asset Finance, the backers, were subject to an investigation by the Serious Fraud Office and, allegedly owed a Belgian bank over \u00a3130 million. Over \u00a390 Million of this is apparently related to loans being used to finance H2O Networks. Four individuals were convicted in 2017 of conspiracy to commit fraud, and two acquitted. The crown court case started in September 2016, with the final sentencing handed down in February 2017. George Alexander and Stephen Dartnell, of Total Asset Limited, were sentenced to 12 and 15 years respectively at Southwark Crown Court. Simon Mundy, who worked for KBC Lease was sentenced to 7 years. Carl Cumiskey of H20 Networks Limited was sentenced to 10 year's imprisonment. Elfed Thomas was found not guilty and exonerated from all charges.", "On October 6, their new album Use Your Voice was made available for streaming on the Bridge 9 Records bandcamp page. In October 2015, on the first European leg of their Use Your Voice tour, HO toured with guest musicians: drummer Branden Steineckert of Rancid, and guitarist Colin McGinniss of None More Black. In January 2016, H2O would embark on a year of touring. They would start the year on the Persistence Tour in Europe with Ignite, Terror (band), Iron Reagan, Twitching Tongues, Wisdom in Chains & Risk It!... In April, H2O would do a Mexico tour run of shows with Pennywise. They soon after played the Punk Rock Bowling festivals in Las Vegas and New Jersey. H2O would then tour Europe in 2 parts of the summer. September 2016, H2O left for on a South American tour of Colombia, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Brazil. In November and December 2016, H2O would close out the year performing shows of the 1996 self-titled HO cd, with Todd Morse returning for the run of shows, on the East Coast, West Coast and Midwest. The band has confirmed that \"Use Your Voice\" is their final studio album but has so far not announced whether they would break up. As of late 2017, Todd Morse was back playing shows with the band In early 2018, the band announced a full World Tour in celebration of 10 Years of Nothing to Prove as well as playing in Indonesia for the very first time! In Spring of 2019, H2O would announce 25th Year Anniversary Tour dates, in the United States and Europe.", "H2O Africa Foundation The H2O Africa Foundation was an NGO founded by Matt Damon to raise awareness about clean water initiatives in Africa. It was part of the Running the Sahara expedition and documentary project undertaken by Damon, James Moll, LivePlanet, and the Independent Producers Alliance. In 2009, the H2O Africa Foundation merged with WaterPartners to form Water.org, an organization co-founded by Matt Damon and Gary White of WaterPartners in July 2009. When Matt Damon and his producing partners Marc Joubert, Larry Tanz, and Keith Quinn were starting to work on planning the expedition and film for Running the Sahara, Damon had the idea of starting a charitable initiative. It was informally launched in the spring of 2006, and Richard Klopp was hired as launch Executive Director. When film financier IPA came on board the foundation was officially named H2O Africa and was announced on September 10, 2006 during a ONEXONE event at the Toronto International Film Festival. It was started as the charitable arm of the Running the Sahara film project, with the goal of raising money and awareness for organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme Clean Water Initiative, Living Water International, and the Millennium Promise project. On May 29, 2007, H2O Africa announced a new partnership with the Ryan's Well Foundation. H2O Africa was involved with the following projects:", "H2O Audio H2O Audio is a company based in San Diego, California, which develops accessories for portable media players. During 2008 it was notable for being one of the top 500 fastest growing companies in the United States. H2O Audio has international distribution system covering over 30 countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico and Japan. They hold various US patents, including the patent for the Commander Scroll Wheel Technology which allows for control of a touch sensitive rotatable wheel (like is found on the larger iPods) in conjunction with a fully waterproof hard case. They also make the only housing with attached speakers that allows iPods and iPhones to function and be controlled underwater up to depths of 300 feet. H2O Audio's motto is \"Your Sport, Your Music\", and their sponsored athletes include Michael Phelps, Natalie Coughlin, Laird Hamilton, and triathletes Greg and Laura Bennett. H2O Audio was started as a graduate student project at San Diego State University by a SCUBA diver who wanted to take music with him while diving; hence the company was originally named Diver Entertainment. In 2002, the first patents were approved, followed by the development of waterproof technologies in 2003. By 2004, the first underwater SCUBA product was shipped. In 2005, the company moved into developing waterproof headphones and cases for MP3 players, including iPods. 2007 was the year Olympic swimmer Natalie Coughlin was brought on as the first official H2O Audio Ambassador, and in 2008, big wave surfer Laird Hamilton was also named an official H2O Audio Ambassador. Currently, Laird Hamilton has his own signature version of Surge Headphones. In 2009, Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps also became an official ambassador of the brand, along with triathletes Greg and Laura Bennett.", ".300 Winchester Short Magnum .300 Winchester Short Magnum (also known as .300 WSM) is a .30 caliber rebated rim bottlenecked centerfire short magnum cartridge that was introduced in 2001 by Winchester. The cartridge overall length is 72.64 mm, cartridge case is 53.34 mm in length and the bullet diameter is .308 in (7.62 mm), which is common to all U.S. .30 caliber cartridges. The principle at work in the short magnum cartridge is the advantage of fitting larger volumes of powder in closer proximity to the primer's flash hole, resulting in more uniform, consistent ignition. .300 WSM has 80 grains H2O case capacity. The 30-06 Springfield has 69 grains of H2O, 308 Winchester 56 grains of H2O, and the 30-30 Winchester at 45 grains of H2O case capacity. The 300 Winchester Magnum has Case a H2O case capacity of 93.8 grains. With this aspect of near identical performance of the 300 Winchester Magnum, the .300 WSM does this with about 14 grains less of powder behind its bullet. This demonstrates a clear superior engineered design behind the .300 WSM. The .300 WSM also head spaces off its case shoulder versus the older 300 Winchester Magnum's belted head space engineered design. The advantage to this round is the ballistics are nearly identical to the .300 Winchester Magnum, but in a lighter rifle with a shorter action burning 8 - 10% less gun powder. A disadvantage of cartridge case designs with relatively large case head diameters lies in relatively high bolt thrust levels exerted on the locking mechanism of the employed firearm. Also in small ring actions the larger chamber diameter removes more steel from the barrel tenon making it weaker radially."], "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#1", "question": "Were there any hit singles?", "rewrite": "Were there any hit singles byHall & Oates ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rhys Oates Rhys Derek Oates (born 4 December 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Morecambe. Oates began his career at Barnsley since joining them at six and in May 2013, Oates signed his first professional contract during his second-year scholars, for one year. This came after Oates was awarded for the \"\"Academy Scholar of the Year\"\". After spent pre-season in Spain with Barnsley's first team and to get first football, Oates was loaned out to Conference North side Gainsborough Trinity on a one-month deal. Oates made his Gainsborough Trinity debut against Telford United the next day. he then scored a brace, in a 2\u20132 draw against Worcester City. After making five appearance and scoring twice, Oates returned to his parent despite the club attempted to extend his loan at Gainsborough Trinity. On 31 January 2014, Oates joined another Conference North side Stockport County in the 2013\u201314 season. By the end of February, Oates had loan at Stockport County extended for another month. Oates then scored his first Stockport County goal and earned himself \"\"Man of the Match\"\", in a 2\u20132 draw against Barrow on 5 March 2014. Oates made his return to his parent club after scoring once in twelve appearance. Following this, Oates signed a new one-year contract with Barnsley in May 2014. After making his Barnsley debut, coming on as a substitute for Sam Winnall in the 89th minutes against Crewe, Oates signed for Conference Premier team Grimsby Town on a one-month loan on 19 September 2014. Oates scored on his debut for Grimsby Town, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute for Jack Mackreth in a Conference Premier match against Kidderminster Harriers, firing in from 20 yards on 85 minutes.", "His teammates praised his consistency, noting Oates continued to score points at an elite level when he did not have star players as linemates. Oates was able to score himself, reaching the 20 goal mark five times, including a career high 45 in 1992\u201393, a season in which he led the league with 11 game-winning goals. Boston teammate Ray Bourque suggested in 1994 that Oates was underrated, saying, \"I think a lot of people take what he does for granted. He does it in a quiet way. He's not a flashy guy. He's not looking for attention, he just goes out and does it. He's the best centerman I've been around. I never knew he was this good playing against him because I didn't see him this much. \" Others have concurred, noted that Oates never received the attention nor honors of the other nine players on the NHL's top ten all-time assists list. At the time of Oates' retirement, his 1,420 points was the 13th highest total in NHL history, and his 1,079 assists ranked 5th. He played in a total of five NHL All-Star Games and was a six-time finalist for the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy for sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct on the ice. (Oates has described himself as the Susan Lucci of the award.) The Markham Waxers retired his jersey number 10 in 1999. Oates was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame as part of its 2012 class. The Tampa Bay Lightning hired Oates as an assistant coach in the 2009\u201310 season, where he worked with the team's offence. Under his guidance, the team's power play finished ninth in the league and he was credited with playing a significant role in Steven Stamkos' offensive development.", "Hall would later say in an interview for VH1's \"Behind the Music\" that he looked like \"the girl I always wanted to go out with\" on that album cover. This cover was made by Pierre LaRoche, who created Ziggy Stardust for David Bowie. \"Sara Smile\" became their first Top 10 hit, reaching No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in June 1976. \"She's Gone,\" re-released by Atlantic Records after \"Sara Smile,\" also went to the Top 10, reaching No. 7 in October 1976. Hall and Oates followed those hits with the more pop-oriented album \"Bigger Than Both of Us\" later that year. Though the album's first single\u2014the Philadelphia soul-oriented ballad \"Do What You Want, Be What You Are\"\u2014barely made the Top 40, their second single, \"Rich Girl,\" was a smash. The song was Hall and Oates' first No. 1 hit, reaching the top spot for the week ending March 26, 1977. After this small run of hits, Hall and Oates still encountered difficulty getting radio play. Despite touring constantly and recording albums with efficiency, the duo could not find any pop success for a number of reasons, mainly because of the popularity of the disco genre. By the time they released the rock-oriented albums \"Beauty on a Back Street\" in 1977 and \"Along the Red Ledge\" in 1978, disco music was trendy and taking most of the spots in popular music. Hall and Oates released \"X-Static\" in late 1979, which combined rock with dance music. The album did not fare well, although \"Wait for Me\" did hit the top 20. They did release a few hit singles during this period: the follow-up to \"Rich Girl\" (\"Back Together Again\") hit the Top 40, and", "British Hit Singles &amp; Albums  British Hit Singles & Albums (originally known as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums) was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment. It listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums. The publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2006. A new version of the book published by Virgin and entitled \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\", first published in November 2008. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice and Jonathan Rice. Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts. \"British Hit Singles & Albums\" was generally considered to be the authoritative reference (and only) source for both the UK Singles Chart (since its inception in 1952) and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952 (albums since 1958), listing them in alphabetical order and by both artist and song title. The entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists' chart details. The book's sources are the \"New Musical Express\" (\"NME\") chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the \"Record Retailer\" (later \"Music Week\") chart thereafter.", "99 on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014. On September 2, 2016, they received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Daryl Franklin Hohl (born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, on October 11, 1946) and John William Oates (born in New York City, New York, on April 7, 1948) first met at the Adelphi Ballroom in Philadelphia in 1967. At the time they met, each was heading his own musical group, Hall with The Temptones and Oates with The Masters. They were there for a band competition when gunfire rang out between two rival gangs, and in trying to escape, they ran to the same service elevator. On further discovering that they were interested in the same music and that both were attending Philadelphia's Temple University, they started spending time together on a regular basis and eventually shared a number of apartments in the city. One of the apartments they shared had \"Hall & Oates\" on the mailbox, which became the duo's name. It would take them another two years to form a musical duo, and three years after that, they signed to Atlantic Records and released their debut album. The two didn't start working together seriously until 1970 after Oates got back from an extended stay in Europe. Early in their recording careers, Hall and Oates had trouble clearly defining their sound, alternating among folk, soul, rock and pop. None of their early albums - \"Whole Oats\", \"Abandoned Luncheonette\" and \"War Babies\" - were very successful. Despite being produced by such big-name producers as Arif Mardin and Todd Rundgren, they had no hit singles during this time period, though \"Abandoned Luncheonette\" contained \" She's Gone\"."], "answer": {"text": "spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 235}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is H2O?", "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#2", "question": "What else was significant?", "rewrite": "What else was significant besides spawned three Top 10 singles.?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Intoxicated Lover Intoxicated Lover is the Debut Cantonese studio album by Hong Kong singer Kelly Chen. It was released on December 15, 1995, through Go East Entertainment Company Ltd/ Polygram Recaords in Hong Kong. \" Intoxicated Lover\" was characterized as a Brit Pop record that was under the influence of pop music from the Early 1990s. This album includes a wide range of Highly qualified songs which aren't easily found in other Hong Kong singer's Debut album. And it successfully intermingles pop with elements of Trip hop, Dance-pop and Acoustic music which had a great influence on The Music of Hong Kong at that time. Before the Debut album's release,Kelly was already established a substantial fanbase in Hong Kong.because She was fashionable and distinctive as for newcomer,And Her First Cantonese Single from Her First Soundtrack Album\u300aWhatever Will Be , Will Be (\u4ed9\u6a02\u98c4\u98c4)\u300bwas a Big Hit Which peaked at number 1 on Four Hong Kong Top 10 Singles Charts. The album spawned Three singles. Dance-pop \u300a It's none of your business (\u5514\u95dc\u4f60\u4e8b) \u300b was released as the lead single from the project, It peaked at number 2 on Hong Kong 903 Top 20 Singles .Subsequent single Acoustic music\u300aI don't want to let you go (\u8ab0\u9858\u653e\u624b) \u300b was commercial success. It peaked at number 1 on Hong Kong 903 Top 20 Singles and number 2 on RTHK Top 10 Singles. Indie Pop\u300aI will miss you (\u6211\u6703\u639b\u5ff5\u4f60) \u300b was released as the final single. It was also a successful single that peaked at number 1 on Hong Kong 997 Top 10 Singles, number 3 on Hong Kong 903 Top 20 Singles. and number 7 on RTHK Top 10 Singles.", "One-hundred and thirty-six singles charted in the top 10 in 1993, with one-hundred and twenty-four singles reaching their peak this year. Thirty-one artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 1993. Boyband Take That secured the record for the most top ten singles in 1993 with five hit singles. This included three number-one singles: \"Pray\" in July, \"Relight My Fire\" in October and \"Babe\" in December. \"Why Can't I Wake Up With You\" and \"Could It Be Magic?\" just missed out on number-one, peaking at numbers 2 and 3 respectively. Fellow Manchester band M People had four top ten entries, with the highest entry, \"Moving on Up\", reaching number 2. \" No Limit\" was a number-one single for 2 Unlimited, one of three top 10 singles for the Dutch eurodance group. Chaka Demus & Pliers, Lisa Stansfield, Madonna, Michael Jackson and Whitney Houston all had three top 10 singles in 1993, with Houston's cover of \"I Will Always Love You\" (from \"\" film soundtrack) spending 10 weeks at number one. Forty-three artists achieved their first top 10 single in 1993, either as a lead or featured artist. Of these, seven went on to record another hit single that year: Cappella, Culture Beat, Gabrielle, Haddaway, Niki Haris, Shabba Ranks and Urban Cookie Collective. Chaka Demus & Pliers achieved two more top 10 singles in 1993. M People had three other entries in their breakthrough year. The following table (collapsed on desktop site) does not include acts who had previously charted as part of a group and secured their first top 10 solo single. Slash from", "Motograter went on a hiatus in 2005 but played a one-time re-union show in 2006 at the Delicious Rox Festival. Moody also made songs with old roommates and family members, Ryan Morrow (bass), Bill Stonebraker (guitar), and Jim \"Dugan\" Demongey (drums), calling themselves Black Blood Orchestra. Moody joined the heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch and his side project Ghost Machine released their debut self-titled album on July 26, 2005. Ghost Machine released their second album, \"Hypersensitive\", on November 21, 2006. On the same year, Five Finger Death Punch entered the studio to record their debut album at Next Level Studios and Complex Studios in Los Angeles with Steve Bruno and Mike Sarkisyan. The album was produced by guitarist Zoltan Bathory and drummer Jeremy Spencer and was mixed by former Machine Head and Soulfly guitarist Logan Mader. Moody also starred in the 2009 horror film \"Bled\", playing the role of Incubus. Five Finger Death Punch achieved rapid commercial success: their debut album, \"The Way of the Fist\" (2007) has currently sold over 600,000 copies in the United States and spawned three top 10 singles. Their second album, \"War is the Answer\" (2009), sold more than 44,000 copies in its first week of release, spawned five top 10 singles and has gone on to sell more than 700,000 copies. Their even more successful third record \"American Capitalist\" debuted number 3 on the Billboard 200 chart and sold over 90,000 copies in its first week. It was the band's third consecutive RIAA-certified Gold record. On July 30, 2013, The Wrong side of Heaven and Righteous side of Hell Volume One was released, selling over 210,000 copies.", "\"Out of the Question\" (also from \"Back to Front\") reached No. 17 in the US and No. 14 in Canada. \" Get Down\" (1973), from the album \"I'm A Writer Not A Fighter\", reached No. 1 in the UK and in Germany, No. 7 in both the US and Canada, and No. 3 in the Netherlands. Following \" Alone Again (Naturally)\" and \"Clair\", \"Get Down\" was his third million-seller, with the RIAA gold disc award presented on 18 September 1973. His November 1974 single \"Christmas Song\" reached No. 12 in the UK and No. 5 in Ireland. O'Sullivan enjoyed nearly five years of success with MAM, a run that included seven UK Top 10 singles and four UK Top 10 albums; three US Top 10 singles and one top 10 album; five Dutch Top 10 singles and three Top 10 albums; five New Zealand Top 10 singles; three Canadian Top 10 singles; and seven Japan Top 10 singles. \"Ooh Baby\" and \"Happiness Is Me and You\" charted, but O'Sullivan's sales were decreasing. In June 1975 he had his last Top 20 hit, \"I Don't Love You But I Think I Like You\". Things turned more sour when he discovered his recording contract with MAM Records greatly favoured the label's owner, Gordon Mills. A lawsuit followed, with prolonged argument over how much money his songs had earned and how much of that money he had actually received. Eventually, in May 1982, the court found in O'Sullivan's favour, describing him as a \"patently honest and decent man\", who had not received a just proportion of the vast income his songs had generated. They awarded him \u00a37 million in damages (\u00a3 as of 2019).", "having the most singles hit that position. Two-hundred and three singles charted in the top 10 in 1999, with one-hundred and ninety-three singles reaching their peak this year. Forty-eight artists scored multiple entries in the top 10 in 1999. Steps had the most top 10 singles in 1999 with seven entries. Seven artists recorded four singles which reached the top 10 this year: Another Level, B*Witched, Melanie C, Ronan Keating, Vengaboys, Westlife and Will Smith. Britney Spears was one of nine artists with three top 10 entries, including the number-one single \"... Baby One More Time\". A1, Boyzone, Geri Halliwell, Honeyz, Lolly , Martine McCutcheon, S Club 7 and TQ were among the other artists who had multiple top 10 entries in 1999. Seventy-seven artists achieved their first top 10 single in 1999, either as a lead or featured artist. Of these, twelve went on to record another hit single that year: Alice DeeJay, ATB, Basement Jaxx, Cartoons, Eminem, Glamma Kid, Jennifer Lopez, NSYNC, The Offspring, Phats & Small, Shanks & Bigfoot, Travis. A1, Britney Spears, Lolly, Martine McCutcheon, S Club 7 and TQ all had two more top 10 singles in 1999. Westlife had three other entries in their breakthrough year. The following table (collapsed on desktop site) does not include acts who had previously charted as part of a group and secured their first top 10 solo single. Geri Halliwell left Spice Girls in 1999 and recorded her debut solo single, \" Look at Me\", peaking at number 2. She also had two further entries this year - \"Mi Chico Latino\" and \"Lift Me Up\" both topped the chart."], "answer": {"text": "\"Maneater\", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks.", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is H2O?", "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#3", "question": "What else happened with this album?", "rewrite": "What else happened with the Maneater album besides hiting number 1?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The AG found in AGPs is of type II (type II AGs) \u2013 that is, a galactan backbone of (1-3)-linked \u03b2-D-galactopyranose (Gal\"p\") residues, with branches (between one and three residues long) of (1,6)-linked \u03b2-D\"-\"Gal\"p.\" In most cases, the Gal residues terminate with \u03b1-L-arabinofuranose (Ara\"f\") residues. Some AGPs are rich in uronic acids (GlcA), resulting in a charged polysaccharide moiety, and others have short oligosaccharides of Ara\"f\". Specific sets of hydroxyproline O-\u03b2-galactosyltransferases, \u03b2-1,3-galactosyltransferases, \u03b2-1,6-galactosyltransferases, \u03b1-arabinosyltransferases, \u03b2-glucuronosyltransferases, \u03b1-rhamnosyltransferases, and \u03b1- fucosyltransferases are responsible for the synthesis of these complex structures. One of the features of type II AGs, particularly the (1,3)-linked \u03b2-D-Gal\"p\" residues, is their ability to bind to the Yariv phenylglycosides. Yariv phenylglycosides are widely used as cytochemical reagents to perturb the molecular functions of AGPs as well as for the detection, quantification, purification, and staining of AGPs. Recently, it was reported that interaction with Yariv was not detected for \u03b2-1,6-galacto-oligosaccharides of any length.", "Maneater (Hall &amp; Oates song) \"Maneater\" is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates, featured on their eleventh studio album, \"HO\" (1982). It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on December 18, 1982. It remained in the top spot for four weeks, more than any of the duo's five other number-one hits, including \"Kiss on My List\", which remained in the top spot for three weeks. In an interview with \"American Songwriter\" in 2009, Daryl Hall recalled,  John had written a prototype of \"Maneater\"; he was banging it around with Edgar Winter. It was like a reggae song. I said, \"Well, the chords are interesting, but I think we should change the groove. \" I changed it to that Motown kind of groove. So we did that, and I played it for Sara Allen and sang it for her\u2026 [Sings] \"Oh here she comes / Watch out boy she\u2019ll chew you up / Oh here she comes / She's a maneater\u2026 and a\u2026\" I forget what the last line was. She said, \"drop that shit at the end and go, 'She's a maneater,' and stop! And I said, 'No, you\u2019re crazy, that's messed up.' \" Then I thought about it, and I realized she was right. And it made all the difference in the song. Hall also opined, \"We try and take chances. Our new single \"Maneater\" isn't something that sounds like anything else on the radio. The idea is to make things better.\" John Oates has explained that while it is natural to assume the lyrics are about a woman, the song actually was originally written \"about NYC in the \u201980s.", "The Maneater The Maneater is the official, editorially independent student news publication of the University of Missouri. The Maneater editorial and advertising staffs are composed entirely of students, with the exception of a professional business adviser. Financially, The Maneater is a non-profit publication funded by advertisers. The newspaper is distributed free of charge, and all aspects of its website remain accessible at no cost to readers. The editorial department of The Maneater remains independent from any student governments and organizations, as well as the Missouri School of Journalism and university itself. The Maneater was founded in 1955 by Joel Gold, then a sociology student, as editor-in-chief and Jim Willard as business manager. Gold took over the former newspaper, then named the Missouri Student and controlled by the Delta Upsilon fraternity. Gold renamed it The Maneater to reflect a more aggressive news angle and transitioned the paper into an independent watchdog of the university. Regarding the name change, Gold wrote in the first issue of The Maneater, \u201cThe name \u2018Missouri Student\u2019 reflected the editorial policy of the former paper quite well. It signified nothing... The Maneater by its very name cannot content itself with merely presenting the news... The Maneater is a tiger with fangs bared and claws sharpened ready to analyze the facts and then to pounce. A tiger exists because it is, and not for one group or another.\u201d From 1969-2013, The Maneater newspaper was published twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays, during the academic year. A growing desire for digital content led the paper to scale back to a weekly publishing schedule beginning in August 2013. In 2019, the paper had to change to a monthly printing cycle rather than weekly due to funding. The newspaper is now published once a month in print while classes are in session during the fall and spring semesters.", "It was released on maxi CD as the album's first single outside North America on 26 May in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, and on 5 June in the United Kingdom and other European markets. It debuted at number eight on the UK Singles Chart the week before its physical release, and a week later (on 11 June 2006) it went to number one. \" Maneater\" was the seventh highest selling single in the UK in 2006, with 296,000 units sold. In early 2007, chart rules were changed to allow tracks not accompanied by physical singles to appear on the singles chart, and \"Maneater\" subsequently re-entered the top forty on downloads alone. The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified \"Maneater\" gold for shipments of 400,000 units. The single became a hit elsewhere in Europe, reaching the top five in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland and Norway, the top ten in Belgium, Finland and the Netherlands and the top twenty in France. \"Maneater\" was released on U.S. national television at the Fashion Rocks event on 8 September 2006. It entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number sixty-two, the highest debut of the week, and peaked at number sixteen; it also reached the top twenty on \"Billboard\"'s Pop 100. \"Maneater\" reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, but it was not as commercially successful in the U.S. as the preceding single, \"Promiscuous\", which reached number one on all three charts. The single debuted on the Australia ARIA Singles Chart on 25 September and rose to the top five the following week, peaking in its seventh week at number three. The ARIA accredited \"Maneater\" as a gold single for selling over 35,000 copies.", "Facing harsh competition from an upstart rival paper called the Campus Courier, which distributed its issues at no cost to readers, The Maneater was forced to make itself free as well in order to compete, and although the Courier lasted only a year, the loss of 10 cents an issue and more competition for advertising put The Maneater into substantial debt that lasted until the middle of the decade. Nevertheless, The Maneater has remained free ever since. The School of Journalism has offered to absorb The Maneater into its system many times through its history. However, The Maneater has remained afloat of its own accord and remains distant from any such attempts. Today, The Maneater is a division of the university's Department of Student Life. The paper is printed in Sedalia, Mo., and though a publications board still exists to handle the publication's internal matters, its editorial content remains independent of any university authority or student group. Both the newspaper and website are highly decorated publications. The Maneater has been consistently distinguished by state and national press honors, including several ACP Pacemaker Awards, Society of Professional Journalists Mark of Excellence Awards and Missouri College Media Association Better Newspaper Contest awards. The Pacemaker Award, widely considered the Pulitzer Prize of collegiate journalism, has been awarded to The Maneater newspaper four times, in 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2007. The paper was a finalist in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2012. The Maneater website has received the Online Pacemaker (established in 2000) five times, in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009 and 2012. It was a finalist in 2005. Since 2002, The Maneater has also produced an entertainment weekly called \"MOVE Magazine.\" MOVE is aimed at local and national news as well as extensive coverage of lifestyle, arts and entertainment. In addition to a more recent focus on the Columbia, Mo. cultural scene."], "answer": {"text": "The soulful ballad \"One on One\" and a cover of Mike Oldfield's \"Family Man\" reached Number 7 and Number 6 in March and June 1983, respectively.", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is H2O?", "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was significant?", "answer": {"text": "\"Maneater\", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#4", "question": "Did this album win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did the album Maneater win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It was released on maxi CD as the album's first single outside North America on 26 May in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, and on 5 June in the United Kingdom and other European markets. It debuted at number eight on the UK Singles Chart the week before its physical release, and a week later (on 11 June 2006) it went to number one. \" Maneater\" was the seventh highest selling single in the UK in 2006, with 296,000 units sold. In early 2007, chart rules were changed to allow tracks not accompanied by physical singles to appear on the singles chart, and \"Maneater\" subsequently re-entered the top forty on downloads alone. The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified \"Maneater\" gold for shipments of 400,000 units. The single became a hit elsewhere in Europe, reaching the top five in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland and Norway, the top ten in Belgium, Finland and the Netherlands and the top twenty in France. \"Maneater\" was released on U.S. national television at the Fashion Rocks event on 8 September 2006. It entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number sixty-two, the highest debut of the week, and peaked at number sixteen; it also reached the top twenty on \"Billboard\"'s Pop 100. \"Maneater\" reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, but it was not as commercially successful in the U.S. as the preceding single, \"Promiscuous\", which reached number one on all three charts. The single debuted on the Australia ARIA Singles Chart on 25 September and rose to the top five the following week, peaking in its seventh week at number three. The ARIA accredited \"Maneater\" as a gold single for selling over 35,000 copies.", "Maneater (Hall &amp; Oates song) \"Maneater\" is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates, featured on their eleventh studio album, \"HO\" (1982). It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on December 18, 1982. It remained in the top spot for four weeks, more than any of the duo's five other number-one hits, including \"Kiss on My List\", which remained in the top spot for three weeks. In an interview with \"American Songwriter\" in 2009, Daryl Hall recalled,  John had written a prototype of \"Maneater\"; he was banging it around with Edgar Winter. It was like a reggae song. I said, \"Well, the chords are interesting, but I think we should change the groove. \" I changed it to that Motown kind of groove. So we did that, and I played it for Sara Allen and sang it for her\u2026 [Sings] \"Oh here she comes / Watch out boy she\u2019ll chew you up / Oh here she comes / She's a maneater\u2026 and a\u2026\" I forget what the last line was. She said, \"drop that shit at the end and go, 'She's a maneater,' and stop! And I said, 'No, you\u2019re crazy, that's messed up.' \" Then I thought about it, and I realized she was right. And it made all the difference in the song. Hall also opined, \"We try and take chances. Our new single \"Maneater\" isn't something that sounds like anything else on the radio. The idea is to make things better.\" John Oates has explained that while it is natural to assume the lyrics are about a woman, the song actually was originally written \"about NYC in the \u201980s.", "The Maneater The Maneater is the official, editorially independent student news publication of the University of Missouri. The Maneater editorial and advertising staffs are composed entirely of students, with the exception of a professional business adviser. Financially, The Maneater is a non-profit publication funded by advertisers. The newspaper is distributed free of charge, and all aspects of its website remain accessible at no cost to readers. The editorial department of The Maneater remains independent from any student governments and organizations, as well as the Missouri School of Journalism and university itself. The Maneater was founded in 1955 by Joel Gold, then a sociology student, as editor-in-chief and Jim Willard as business manager. Gold took over the former newspaper, then named the Missouri Student and controlled by the Delta Upsilon fraternity. Gold renamed it The Maneater to reflect a more aggressive news angle and transitioned the paper into an independent watchdog of the university. Regarding the name change, Gold wrote in the first issue of The Maneater, \u201cThe name \u2018Missouri Student\u2019 reflected the editorial policy of the former paper quite well. It signified nothing... The Maneater by its very name cannot content itself with merely presenting the news... The Maneater is a tiger with fangs bared and claws sharpened ready to analyze the facts and then to pounce. A tiger exists because it is, and not for one group or another.\u201d From 1969-2013, The Maneater newspaper was published twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays, during the academic year. A growing desire for digital content led the paper to scale back to a weekly publishing schedule beginning in August 2013. In 2019, the paper had to change to a monthly printing cycle rather than weekly due to funding. The newspaper is now published once a month in print while classes are in session during the fall and spring semesters.", "Facing harsh competition from an upstart rival paper called the Campus Courier, which distributed its issues at no cost to readers, The Maneater was forced to make itself free as well in order to compete, and although the Courier lasted only a year, the loss of 10 cents an issue and more competition for advertising put The Maneater into substantial debt that lasted until the middle of the decade. Nevertheless, The Maneater has remained free ever since. The School of Journalism has offered to absorb The Maneater into its system many times through its history. However, The Maneater has remained afloat of its own accord and remains distant from any such attempts. Today, The Maneater is a division of the university's Department of Student Life. The paper is printed in Sedalia, Mo., and though a publications board still exists to handle the publication's internal matters, its editorial content remains independent of any university authority or student group. Both the newspaper and website are highly decorated publications. The Maneater has been consistently distinguished by state and national press honors, including several ACP Pacemaker Awards, Society of Professional Journalists Mark of Excellence Awards and Missouri College Media Association Better Newspaper Contest awards. The Pacemaker Award, widely considered the Pulitzer Prize of collegiate journalism, has been awarded to The Maneater newspaper four times, in 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2007. The paper was a finalist in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2012. The Maneater website has received the Online Pacemaker (established in 2000) five times, in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009 and 2012. It was a finalist in 2005. Since 2002, The Maneater has also produced an entertainment weekly called \"MOVE Magazine.\" MOVE is aimed at local and national news as well as extensive coverage of lifestyle, arts and entertainment. In addition to a more recent focus on the Columbia, Mo. cultural scene.", "Final production of the track was delayed after a speaker caught fire in the studio control room. Furtado has characterized \"Maneater\" as \"a 'couture pop' song\", explaining that it is \"in your face and very fashionable, stylistic and of-the-moment.\" In an interview with MTV News, she compared it favorably to eating too much cheesecake: \"It's got a crazy loud beat, and the vocals are bitchy and loud. A lot of people say it sounds like Peaches, because of the delivery, the spooky vocals.\" According to Furtado, the song is related to how people become \"hot on themselves\" when dancing in their underwear in front of a mirror. \" [It] truly has a life of its own; it makes you move\", she said. Furtado recorded a remix of \"Maneater\" with rapper Lil Wayne, which was featured in a Timbaland's compilation album \"Remix & Soundtrack Collection\". The instrumental of this version was also used during many television performances of \"Maneater\". In Australia, the CD was released in two formats, although one version (the international single) had an extremely limited run and was not widely available. The Australia-exclusive \"Maneater\" CD single includes a cover of Gnarls Barkley's \"Crazy\" recorded on BBC Radio 1's \"Live Lounge\" program, on which \"Maneater\" was covered three times, by pop punk band Panic! at the Disco, dance music duo Basement Jaxx and rock band Boy Kill Boy, whose cover was released on the album \"Radio 1's Live Lounge\". \"Maneater\" is an uptempo electropop song that combines 1980s electro synths and a more dance-oriented beat."], "answer": {"text": "synth-heavy effort, became the duo's most successful album,", "answer_start": 40}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is H2O?", "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was significant?", "answer": {"text": "\"Maneater\", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened with this album?", "answer": {"text": "The soulful ballad \"One on One\" and a cover of Mike Oldfield's \"Family Man\" reached Number 7 and Number 6 in March and June 1983, respectively.", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#5", "question": "What recognition did it receive", "rewrite": "What recognition did the album Maneater receive?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Facing harsh competition from an upstart rival paper called the Campus Courier, which distributed its issues at no cost to readers, The Maneater was forced to make itself free as well in order to compete, and although the Courier lasted only a year, the loss of 10 cents an issue and more competition for advertising put The Maneater into substantial debt that lasted until the middle of the decade. Nevertheless, The Maneater has remained free ever since. The School of Journalism has offered to absorb The Maneater into its system many times through its history. However, The Maneater has remained afloat of its own accord and remains distant from any such attempts. Today, The Maneater is a division of the university's Department of Student Life. The paper is printed in Sedalia, Mo., and though a publications board still exists to handle the publication's internal matters, its editorial content remains independent of any university authority or student group. Both the newspaper and website are highly decorated publications. The Maneater has been consistently distinguished by state and national press honors, including several ACP Pacemaker Awards, Society of Professional Journalists Mark of Excellence Awards and Missouri College Media Association Better Newspaper Contest awards. The Pacemaker Award, widely considered the Pulitzer Prize of collegiate journalism, has been awarded to The Maneater newspaper four times, in 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2007. The paper was a finalist in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2012. The Maneater website has received the Online Pacemaker (established in 2000) five times, in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009 and 2012. It was a finalist in 2005. Since 2002, The Maneater has also produced an entertainment weekly called \"MOVE Magazine.\" MOVE is aimed at local and national news as well as extensive coverage of lifestyle, arts and entertainment. In addition to a more recent focus on the Columbia, Mo. cultural scene.", "Final production of the track was delayed after a speaker caught fire in the studio control room. Furtado has characterized \"Maneater\" as \"a 'couture pop' song\", explaining that it is \"in your face and very fashionable, stylistic and of-the-moment.\" In an interview with MTV News, she compared it favorably to eating too much cheesecake: \"It's got a crazy loud beat, and the vocals are bitchy and loud. A lot of people say it sounds like Peaches, because of the delivery, the spooky vocals.\" According to Furtado, the song is related to how people become \"hot on themselves\" when dancing in their underwear in front of a mirror. \" [It] truly has a life of its own; it makes you move\", she said. Furtado recorded a remix of \"Maneater\" with rapper Lil Wayne, which was featured in a Timbaland's compilation album \"Remix & Soundtrack Collection\". The instrumental of this version was also used during many television performances of \"Maneater\". In Australia, the CD was released in two formats, although one version (the international single) had an extremely limited run and was not widely available. The Australia-exclusive \"Maneater\" CD single includes a cover of Gnarls Barkley's \"Crazy\" recorded on BBC Radio 1's \"Live Lounge\" program, on which \"Maneater\" was covered three times, by pop punk band Panic! at the Disco, dance music duo Basement Jaxx and rock band Boy Kill Boy, whose cover was released on the album \"Radio 1's Live Lounge\". \"Maneater\" is an uptempo electropop song that combines 1980s electro synths and a more dance-oriented beat.", "The Maneater The Maneater is the official, editorially independent student news publication of the University of Missouri. The Maneater editorial and advertising staffs are composed entirely of students, with the exception of a professional business adviser. Financially, The Maneater is a non-profit publication funded by advertisers. The newspaper is distributed free of charge, and all aspects of its website remain accessible at no cost to readers. The editorial department of The Maneater remains independent from any student governments and organizations, as well as the Missouri School of Journalism and university itself. The Maneater was founded in 1955 by Joel Gold, then a sociology student, as editor-in-chief and Jim Willard as business manager. Gold took over the former newspaper, then named the Missouri Student and controlled by the Delta Upsilon fraternity. Gold renamed it The Maneater to reflect a more aggressive news angle and transitioned the paper into an independent watchdog of the university. Regarding the name change, Gold wrote in the first issue of The Maneater, \u201cThe name \u2018Missouri Student\u2019 reflected the editorial policy of the former paper quite well. It signified nothing... The Maneater by its very name cannot content itself with merely presenting the news... The Maneater is a tiger with fangs bared and claws sharpened ready to analyze the facts and then to pounce. A tiger exists because it is, and not for one group or another.\u201d From 1969-2013, The Maneater newspaper was published twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays, during the academic year. A growing desire for digital content led the paper to scale back to a weekly publishing schedule beginning in August 2013. In 2019, the paper had to change to a monthly printing cycle rather than weekly due to funding. The newspaper is now published once a month in print while classes are in session during the fall and spring semesters.", "It was released on maxi CD as the album's first single outside North America on 26 May in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, and on 5 June in the United Kingdom and other European markets. It debuted at number eight on the UK Singles Chart the week before its physical release, and a week later (on 11 June 2006) it went to number one. \" Maneater\" was the seventh highest selling single in the UK in 2006, with 296,000 units sold. In early 2007, chart rules were changed to allow tracks not accompanied by physical singles to appear on the singles chart, and \"Maneater\" subsequently re-entered the top forty on downloads alone. The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified \"Maneater\" gold for shipments of 400,000 units. The single became a hit elsewhere in Europe, reaching the top five in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland and Norway, the top ten in Belgium, Finland and the Netherlands and the top twenty in France. \"Maneater\" was released on U.S. national television at the Fashion Rocks event on 8 September 2006. It entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number sixty-two, the highest debut of the week, and peaked at number sixteen; it also reached the top twenty on \"Billboard\"'s Pop 100. \"Maneater\" reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, but it was not as commercially successful in the U.S. as the preceding single, \"Promiscuous\", which reached number one on all three charts. The single debuted on the Australia ARIA Singles Chart on 25 September and rose to the top five the following week, peaking in its seventh week at number three. The ARIA accredited \"Maneater\" as a gold single for selling over 35,000 copies.", "Maneater (Hall &amp; Oates song) \"Maneater\" is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates, featured on their eleventh studio album, \"HO\" (1982). It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on December 18, 1982. It remained in the top spot for four weeks, more than any of the duo's five other number-one hits, including \"Kiss on My List\", which remained in the top spot for three weeks. In an interview with \"American Songwriter\" in 2009, Daryl Hall recalled,  John had written a prototype of \"Maneater\"; he was banging it around with Edgar Winter. It was like a reggae song. I said, \"Well, the chords are interesting, but I think we should change the groove. \" I changed it to that Motown kind of groove. So we did that, and I played it for Sara Allen and sang it for her\u2026 [Sings] \"Oh here she comes / Watch out boy she\u2019ll chew you up / Oh here she comes / She's a maneater\u2026 and a\u2026\" I forget what the last line was. She said, \"drop that shit at the end and go, 'She's a maneater,' and stop! And I said, 'No, you\u2019re crazy, that's messed up.' \" Then I thought about it, and I realized she was right. And it made all the difference in the song. Hall also opined, \"We try and take chances. Our new single \"Maneater\" isn't something that sounds like anything else on the radio. The idea is to make things better.\" John Oates has explained that while it is natural to assume the lyrics are about a woman, the song actually was originally written \"about NYC in the \u201980s."], "answer": {"text": "H2O reached #3 on the Billboard album chart (where it held for 15 weeks) and spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 158}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is H2O?", "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was significant?", "answer": {"text": "\"Maneater\", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened with this album?", "answer": {"text": "The soulful ballad \"One on One\" and a cover of Mike Oldfield's \"Family Man\" reached Number 7 and Number 6 in March and June 1983, respectively.", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this album win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "synth-heavy effort, became the duo's most successful album,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#6", "question": "Did it have any other success?", "rewrite": "Did Maneater have any other success besides being the #3 on the Billboard ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Facing harsh competition from an upstart rival paper called the Campus Courier, which distributed its issues at no cost to readers, The Maneater was forced to make itself free as well in order to compete, and although the Courier lasted only a year, the loss of 10 cents an issue and more competition for advertising put The Maneater into substantial debt that lasted until the middle of the decade. Nevertheless, The Maneater has remained free ever since. The School of Journalism has offered to absorb The Maneater into its system many times through its history. However, The Maneater has remained afloat of its own accord and remains distant from any such attempts. Today, The Maneater is a division of the university's Department of Student Life. The paper is printed in Sedalia, Mo., and though a publications board still exists to handle the publication's internal matters, its editorial content remains independent of any university authority or student group. Both the newspaper and website are highly decorated publications. The Maneater has been consistently distinguished by state and national press honors, including several ACP Pacemaker Awards, Society of Professional Journalists Mark of Excellence Awards and Missouri College Media Association Better Newspaper Contest awards. The Pacemaker Award, widely considered the Pulitzer Prize of collegiate journalism, has been awarded to The Maneater newspaper four times, in 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2007. The paper was a finalist in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2012. The Maneater website has received the Online Pacemaker (established in 2000) five times, in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009 and 2012. It was a finalist in 2005. Since 2002, The Maneater has also produced an entertainment weekly called \"MOVE Magazine.\" MOVE is aimed at local and national news as well as extensive coverage of lifestyle, arts and entertainment. In addition to a more recent focus on the Columbia, Mo. cultural scene.", "Final production of the track was delayed after a speaker caught fire in the studio control room. Furtado has characterized \"Maneater\" as \"a 'couture pop' song\", explaining that it is \"in your face and very fashionable, stylistic and of-the-moment.\" In an interview with MTV News, she compared it favorably to eating too much cheesecake: \"It's got a crazy loud beat, and the vocals are bitchy and loud. A lot of people say it sounds like Peaches, because of the delivery, the spooky vocals.\" According to Furtado, the song is related to how people become \"hot on themselves\" when dancing in their underwear in front of a mirror. \" [It] truly has a life of its own; it makes you move\", she said. Furtado recorded a remix of \"Maneater\" with rapper Lil Wayne, which was featured in a Timbaland's compilation album \"Remix & Soundtrack Collection\". The instrumental of this version was also used during many television performances of \"Maneater\". In Australia, the CD was released in two formats, although one version (the international single) had an extremely limited run and was not widely available. The Australia-exclusive \"Maneater\" CD single includes a cover of Gnarls Barkley's \"Crazy\" recorded on BBC Radio 1's \"Live Lounge\" program, on which \"Maneater\" was covered three times, by pop punk band Panic! at the Disco, dance music duo Basement Jaxx and rock band Boy Kill Boy, whose cover was released on the album \"Radio 1's Live Lounge\". \"Maneater\" is an uptempo electropop song that combines 1980s electro synths and a more dance-oriented beat.", "It was released on maxi CD as the album's first single outside North America on 26 May in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, and on 5 June in the United Kingdom and other European markets. It debuted at number eight on the UK Singles Chart the week before its physical release, and a week later (on 11 June 2006) it went to number one. \" Maneater\" was the seventh highest selling single in the UK in 2006, with 296,000 units sold. In early 2007, chart rules were changed to allow tracks not accompanied by physical singles to appear on the singles chart, and \"Maneater\" subsequently re-entered the top forty on downloads alone. The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) certified \"Maneater\" gold for shipments of 400,000 units. The single became a hit elsewhere in Europe, reaching the top five in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Ireland and Norway, the top ten in Belgium, Finland and the Netherlands and the top twenty in France. \"Maneater\" was released on U.S. national television at the Fashion Rocks event on 8 September 2006. It entered the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 at number sixty-two, the highest debut of the week, and peaked at number sixteen; it also reached the top twenty on \"Billboard\"'s Pop 100. \"Maneater\" reached number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart, but it was not as commercially successful in the U.S. as the preceding single, \"Promiscuous\", which reached number one on all three charts. The single debuted on the Australia ARIA Singles Chart on 25 September and rose to the top five the following week, peaking in its seventh week at number three. The ARIA accredited \"Maneater\" as a gold single for selling over 35,000 copies.", "The Maneater The Maneater is the official, editorially independent student news publication of the University of Missouri. The Maneater editorial and advertising staffs are composed entirely of students, with the exception of a professional business adviser. Financially, The Maneater is a non-profit publication funded by advertisers. The newspaper is distributed free of charge, and all aspects of its website remain accessible at no cost to readers. The editorial department of The Maneater remains independent from any student governments and organizations, as well as the Missouri School of Journalism and university itself. The Maneater was founded in 1955 by Joel Gold, then a sociology student, as editor-in-chief and Jim Willard as business manager. Gold took over the former newspaper, then named the Missouri Student and controlled by the Delta Upsilon fraternity. Gold renamed it The Maneater to reflect a more aggressive news angle and transitioned the paper into an independent watchdog of the university. Regarding the name change, Gold wrote in the first issue of The Maneater, \u201cThe name \u2018Missouri Student\u2019 reflected the editorial policy of the former paper quite well. It signified nothing... The Maneater by its very name cannot content itself with merely presenting the news... The Maneater is a tiger with fangs bared and claws sharpened ready to analyze the facts and then to pounce. A tiger exists because it is, and not for one group or another.\u201d From 1969-2013, The Maneater newspaper was published twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays, during the academic year. A growing desire for digital content led the paper to scale back to a weekly publishing schedule beginning in August 2013. In 2019, the paper had to change to a monthly printing cycle rather than weekly due to funding. The newspaper is now published once a month in print while classes are in session during the fall and spring semesters.", "Maneater (Hall &amp; Oates song) \"Maneater\" is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates, featured on their eleventh studio album, \"HO\" (1982). It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on December 18, 1982. It remained in the top spot for four weeks, more than any of the duo's five other number-one hits, including \"Kiss on My List\", which remained in the top spot for three weeks. In an interview with \"American Songwriter\" in 2009, Daryl Hall recalled,  John had written a prototype of \"Maneater\"; he was banging it around with Edgar Winter. It was like a reggae song. I said, \"Well, the chords are interesting, but I think we should change the groove. \" I changed it to that Motown kind of groove. So we did that, and I played it for Sara Allen and sang it for her\u2026 [Sings] \"Oh here she comes / Watch out boy she\u2019ll chew you up / Oh here she comes / She's a maneater\u2026 and a\u2026\" I forget what the last line was. She said, \"drop that shit at the end and go, 'She's a maneater,' and stop! And I said, 'No, you\u2019re crazy, that's messed up.' \" Then I thought about it, and I realized she was right. And it made all the difference in the song. Hall also opined, \"We try and take chances. Our new single \"Maneater\" isn't something that sounds like anything else on the radio. The idea is to make things better.\" John Oates has explained that while it is natural to assume the lyrics are about a woman, the song actually was originally written \"about NYC in the \u201980s."], "answer": {"text": "One On One,\" with its clever mixed-metaphorical references to romance and basketball, was used in NBA commercials", "answer_start": 718}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is H2O?", "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was significant?", "answer": {"text": "\"Maneater\", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened with this album?", "answer": {"text": "The soulful ballad \"One on One\" and a cover of Mike Oldfield's \"Family Man\" reached Number 7 and Number 6 in March and June 1983, respectively.", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this album win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "synth-heavy effort, became the duo's most successful album,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What recognition did it receive", "answer": {"text": "H2O reached #3 on the Billboard album chart (where it held for 15 weeks) and spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 158, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7eb9dcbf31945b8981ce9e6b164a820_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other songs mentioned?", "rewrite": "Are there any other songs mentioned in the album Maneater besides H2O?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Final production of the track was delayed after a speaker caught fire in the studio control room. Furtado has characterized \"Maneater\" as \"a 'couture pop' song\", explaining that it is \"in your face and very fashionable, stylistic and of-the-moment.\" In an interview with MTV News, she compared it favorably to eating too much cheesecake: \"It's got a crazy loud beat, and the vocals are bitchy and loud. A lot of people say it sounds like Peaches, because of the delivery, the spooky vocals.\" According to Furtado, the song is related to how people become \"hot on themselves\" when dancing in their underwear in front of a mirror. \" [It] truly has a life of its own; it makes you move\", she said. Furtado recorded a remix of \"Maneater\" with rapper Lil Wayne, which was featured in a Timbaland's compilation album \"Remix & Soundtrack Collection\". The instrumental of this version was also used during many television performances of \"Maneater\". In Australia, the CD was released in two formats, although one version (the international single) had an extremely limited run and was not widely available. The Australia-exclusive \"Maneater\" CD single includes a cover of Gnarls Barkley's \"Crazy\" recorded on BBC Radio 1's \"Live Lounge\" program, on which \"Maneater\" was covered three times, by pop punk band Panic! at the Disco, dance music duo Basement Jaxx and rock band Boy Kill Boy, whose cover was released on the album \"Radio 1's Live Lounge\". \"Maneater\" is an uptempo electropop song that combines 1980s electro synths and a more dance-oriented beat.", "Facing harsh competition from an upstart rival paper called the Campus Courier, which distributed its issues at no cost to readers, The Maneater was forced to make itself free as well in order to compete, and although the Courier lasted only a year, the loss of 10 cents an issue and more competition for advertising put The Maneater into substantial debt that lasted until the middle of the decade. Nevertheless, The Maneater has remained free ever since. The School of Journalism has offered to absorb The Maneater into its system many times through its history. However, The Maneater has remained afloat of its own accord and remains distant from any such attempts. Today, The Maneater is a division of the university's Department of Student Life. The paper is printed in Sedalia, Mo., and though a publications board still exists to handle the publication's internal matters, its editorial content remains independent of any university authority or student group. Both the newspaper and website are highly decorated publications. The Maneater has been consistently distinguished by state and national press honors, including several ACP Pacemaker Awards, Society of Professional Journalists Mark of Excellence Awards and Missouri College Media Association Better Newspaper Contest awards. The Pacemaker Award, widely considered the Pulitzer Prize of collegiate journalism, has been awarded to The Maneater newspaper four times, in 1996, 1999, 2001 and 2007. The paper was a finalist in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2012. The Maneater website has received the Online Pacemaker (established in 2000) five times, in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009 and 2012. It was a finalist in 2005. Since 2002, The Maneater has also produced an entertainment weekly called \"MOVE Magazine.\" MOVE is aimed at local and national news as well as extensive coverage of lifestyle, arts and entertainment. In addition to a more recent focus on the Columbia, Mo. cultural scene.", "Maneater (Hall &amp; Oates song) \"Maneater\" is a song by the American duo Hall & Oates, featured on their eleventh studio album, \"HO\" (1982). It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart on December 18, 1982. It remained in the top spot for four weeks, more than any of the duo's five other number-one hits, including \"Kiss on My List\", which remained in the top spot for three weeks. In an interview with \"American Songwriter\" in 2009, Daryl Hall recalled,  John had written a prototype of \"Maneater\"; he was banging it around with Edgar Winter. It was like a reggae song. I said, \"Well, the chords are interesting, but I think we should change the groove. \" I changed it to that Motown kind of groove. So we did that, and I played it for Sara Allen and sang it for her\u2026 [Sings] \"Oh here she comes / Watch out boy she\u2019ll chew you up / Oh here she comes / She's a maneater\u2026 and a\u2026\" I forget what the last line was. She said, \"drop that shit at the end and go, 'She's a maneater,' and stop! And I said, 'No, you\u2019re crazy, that's messed up.' \" Then I thought about it, and I realized she was right. And it made all the difference in the song. Hall also opined, \"We try and take chances. Our new single \"Maneater\" isn't something that sounds like anything else on the radio. The idea is to make things better.\" John Oates has explained that while it is natural to assume the lyrics are about a woman, the song actually was originally written \"about NYC in the \u201980s.", "The Maneater The Maneater is the official, editorially independent student news publication of the University of Missouri. The Maneater editorial and advertising staffs are composed entirely of students, with the exception of a professional business adviser. Financially, The Maneater is a non-profit publication funded by advertisers. The newspaper is distributed free of charge, and all aspects of its website remain accessible at no cost to readers. The editorial department of The Maneater remains independent from any student governments and organizations, as well as the Missouri School of Journalism and university itself. The Maneater was founded in 1955 by Joel Gold, then a sociology student, as editor-in-chief and Jim Willard as business manager. Gold took over the former newspaper, then named the Missouri Student and controlled by the Delta Upsilon fraternity. Gold renamed it The Maneater to reflect a more aggressive news angle and transitioned the paper into an independent watchdog of the university. Regarding the name change, Gold wrote in the first issue of The Maneater, \u201cThe name \u2018Missouri Student\u2019 reflected the editorial policy of the former paper quite well. It signified nothing... The Maneater by its very name cannot content itself with merely presenting the news... The Maneater is a tiger with fangs bared and claws sharpened ready to analyze the facts and then to pounce. A tiger exists because it is, and not for one group or another.\u201d From 1969-2013, The Maneater newspaper was published twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Fridays, during the academic year. A growing desire for digital content led the paper to scale back to a weekly publishing schedule beginning in August 2013. In 2019, the paper had to change to a monthly printing cycle rather than weekly due to funding. The newspaper is now published once a month in print while classes are in session during the fall and spring semesters.", "Their next album, H2O, a very polished, synth-heavy effort, became the duo's most successful album, with US sales eventually approaching four million copies. H2O reached #3 on the Billboard album chart (where it held for 15 weeks) and spawned three Top 10 singles. \"Maneater\", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks. The soulful ballad \"One on One\" and a cover of Mike Oldfield's \"Family Man\" reached Number 7 and Number 6 in March and June 1983, respectively. According to John Oates, they recorded approximately 20 songs for the album, of which 9 didn't make the final cut. He went on to say they usually would have 5 or 6 tracks left over per album. \"One On One,\" with its clever mixed-metaphorical references to romance and basketball, was used in NBA commercials of the period. The commercial featured numerous players, including Hall of Famer James Worthy performing a 360-degree slow-motion lay-up during the saxophone solo. For the H2O album, Hall and Oates made some permanent changes to their current band. Drummer Mickey Curry, who had appeared on some Private Eyes tracks, including the title song, replaced Jerry Marotta full-time. Bassist Tom \"T-Bone\" Wolk, who had mimed John Siegler's bass line in the \"Private Eyes\" video, replaced Siegler full-time. These two joined the band's holdovers--lead guitar player G.E. Smith, and saxophonist Charlie \"Mr. Casual\" DeChant. De Chant and Wolk continued to perform with the duo until Wolk's death in early 2010, while Curry returned for the Do It for Love sessions."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is H2O?", "answer": {"text": "Their next album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was significant?", "answer": {"text": "\"Maneater\", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened with this album?", "answer": {"text": "The soulful ballad \"One on One\" and a cover of Mike Oldfield's \"Family Man\" reached Number 7 and Number 6 in March and June 1983, respectively.", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this album win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "synth-heavy effort, became the duo's most successful album,", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What recognition did it receive", "answer": {"text": "H2O reached #3 on the Billboard album chart (where it held for 15 weeks) and spawned three Top 10 singles.", "answer_start": 158, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any other success?", "answer": {"text": "One On One,\" with its clever mixed-metaphorical references to romance and basketball, was used in NBA commercials", "answer_start": 718, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#0", "question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "rewrite": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This called for a massive education of clergymen in native languages and the church undertook this task with great zeal. Institutions of learning such as the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco which was inaugurated in 1536 and which taught both indigenous and classical European languages to both Indians and priests were opened. And missionary grammarians undertook the job of writing grammars for the indigenous languages in order to teach priests. For example, the first grammar of Nahuatl, written by Andr\u00e9s de Olmos, was published in 1547 \u2013 three years before the first grammar of French. During this time some literacy in indigenous languages written in the Latin script began to appear. In 1570 Philip II of Spain decreed that Nahuatl should become the official language of the colonies of New Spain in order to facilitate communication between the Spanish and natives of the colonies. Throughout the colonial period grammars of indigenous languages were composed, but strangely the quality of these were highest in the initial period and declined towards the ends of the 18th century. In practice the friars found that learning all the indigenous languages was impossible and they began to focus on Nahuatl. During this period the linguistic situation of Mesoamerica was relatively stable. However, in 1696 Charles II made a counter decree banning the use of any languages other than Spanish throughout the Spanish Empire. And in 1770 a decree with the avowed purpose of eliminating the indigenous languages was put forth by the Royal Cedula. This put an end to the teaching of and writing in indigenous languages and began a strict policy of hispanization of the Indians. However the fact that today around five million people in Mesoamerica still speak indigenous languages suggest that this policy wasn't as effective after all.", "At the same time, legislators made no specific provisions for the official or legal status of the Spanish language. This law means that indigenous peoples can use their native language in communicating with government officials and request official documents in that language. The Mexican state supports the preservation and promotion of the use of the national languages through the activities of the National Institute of Indigenous Languages. Mexico has about six million citizens who speak indigenous languages. That is the second-largest group in the Americas after Peru. However, a relatively small percentage of Mexico's population speaks an indigenous language compared to other countries in the Americas, such as Guatemala (42.8%), Peru (35%), and even Ecuador (9.4%), Panama (8.3%), Paraguay and Bolivia. The only single indigenous language spoken by more than a million people in Mexico is the Nahuatl language; the other Native American language with a large population of native speakers include Yucatec Maya. According to the Law of Linguistic Rights, Mexico recognizes sixty-two indigenous languages as co-official National languages. With Spanish being the dominant language, Mexico has become a site for endangered languages. \"Indigenous people\u2019s disadvantaged socioeconomic status and the pressure of assimilation into mestizo or Ladino society have been influential on indigenous language loss.\" The result of the conflict between indigenous languages and Spanish has been a language shift in Mexico from indigenous languages being spoken to more people using Spanish in every domain. Due to this situation there have been many different language revitalization strategies implemented in order to create a language shift to try to reverse this language shift. Literature projects done with the Nahua people include \"Keeping the fire alive: a decade of language revitalization in Mexico\" showing the experiences of language revitalization in South Mexico. The following is a classification of the 65 indigenous languages grouped by family: Language families with members north of Mexico", "Due to the long history of marginalization of indigenous groups, most indigenous languages are endangered, with some languages expected to become extinct within years or decades, and others simply having populations that grow slower than the national average. According to the Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (CDI) and National Institute of Indigenous Languages (INALI), while 10\u201314% of the population identifies as belonging to an indigenous group, around 6% speak an indigenous language. There are other languages not native to Mexico that are spoken in the country. Besides Spanish, the most populous are probably English, German (Plautdietsch), Arabic, Chinese and Japanese. From the arrival of the first Franciscan missionaries, Spanish, Latin, and indigenous languages played parts in the evangelization of Mexico. Many sixteenth-century churchmen studied indigenous languages in order to instruct native peoples in Christian doctrine. The same men also found Castilian and Latin appropriate in certain contexts. All told, there existed a kind of \"linguistic coexistence\" from the beginning of the colonial period. Some monks and priests attempted to describe and classify indigenous languages with Spanish. Philip II of Spain decreed in 1570 that Nahuatl become the official language of the colonies of New Spain in order to facilitate communication between the natives of the colonies. In 1696 Charles II reversed that policy and banned the use of any languages other than Spanish throughout New Spain. Beginning in the 18th century, decrees ordering the Hispanization of indigenous populations became more numerous and Mexican colonizers no longer learned the indigenous languages. After the independence the government initiated an educational system with the primary aim of Hispanization of the native populations. This policy was based on the idea that this would help the indigenous peoples become a more integrated part of the new Mexican nation.", "Amerind languages Amerind is a hypothetical higher-level language family proposed by Joseph Greenberg in 1960 and elaborated by his student Merritt Ruhlen. Greenberg proposed that all of the indigenous languages of the Americas belong to one of three language families, the previously established Eskimo\u2013Aleut and Na\u2013Dene, and with everything else\u2014otherwise classified by specialists as belonging to dozens of independent families\u2014as Amerind. Due to a large number of methodological flaws in the 1987 book \"Language in the Americas\", the relationships he proposed between these languages have been rejected by the majority of historical linguists as spurious. The term \"Amerind\" is also occasionally used to refer broadly to the various indigenous languages of the Americas without necessarily implying that they are a genealogical group. To avoid ambiguity, the term Amerindian is often used for the latter meaning. The idea that all the languages of the Americas are related goes back to the 19th century when early linguists such as Peter Stephen DuPonceau and Wilhelm von Humboldt noticed that the languages of the Americas seemed to be very different from the better known European languages, yet seemingly also quite similar to each other. When studies of American Indian languages began in earnest in the early 20th century linguists quickly realized that the indigenous languages were in fact not all that similar, but had a diversity much greater than among the languages of Europe. After a period of uncertainty about whether indigenous languages could be described and investigated by the methods applied to European languages, the first linguists began the daunting task of trying to classify the languages of the Americas by using the comparative method. Among the most prolific and gifted linguists of his times was Edward Sapir, who was among the first to apply the comparative method to Native American languages.", "Indigenous language An indigenous language or autochthonous language, is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous people. This language is from a linguistically distinct community that originated in the area. Indigenous languages are not necessarily national languages (but they can be; cf. Aymara, which is an official language of Bolivia) and national languages are not necessarily indigenous to the country. Many indigenous peoples worldwide have stopped passing on their ancestral languages to the next generation and have instead adopted the majority language as part of their acculturation into the majority culture. Furthermore, many indigenous languages have been subject to linguicide (language killing). Recognizing their vulnerability, the United Nations proclaimed 2019 the International Year of Indigenous Languages, \"to draw attention to the critical loss of indigenous languages and the urgent need to preserve, revitalize and promote indigenous languages.\" Some indigenous languages are disappearing for various reasons, including the mass extinction of entire speaker communities by natural disaster or genocide, aging communities where the language is not passed on, and oppressive language planning policies that actively seek to eradicate languages. In North America, since 1600, at least 52 Native American languages have disappeared. Globally, there may be more than 7,000 languages that exist in the world today, though many of them have not been recorded because they belong to tribes in rural areas of the world or are not easily accessible. It is estimated that 6,809 \"living\" languages exist in the world today, with 90% having fewer than 100,000 speakers. This means that roughly 6,100 languages are facing a risk of eventual extinction. Some languages are very close to disappearing. Forty six languages are known to have just one native speaker while 357 languages have fewer than 50 speakers. Rare languages are more likely to show evidence of decline than more common ones. Oklahoma provides the backdrop for an example of language loss in the developed world."], "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#1", "question": "Which language was typically spoken?", "rewrite": "Which indigenous language was typically spoken in the Americas?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Languages of Paraguay The Republic of Paraguay is a mostly bilingual country, where both Spanish, an Indo-European language in the Romance branch, and Guaran\u00ed, an indigenous language of the Tupian family, have official status. Spanish is spoken by about 87% of the population, while Guaran\u00ed is spoken by more than 90%, with about 4,650,000 speakers. 52% of rural Paraguayans are bilingual in Guaran\u00ed. Guaran\u00ed is the only indigenous language of the Americas whose speakers include a large proportion of non-indigenous people. This is an anomaly in the Americas where language shift towards European colonial languages (in this case, the other official language of Spanish) has otherwise been a nearly universal cultural and identity marker of mestizos (people of mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry), and also of culturally assimilated, upwardly-mobile Amerindian people. About 50,000 Paraguayans speak an indigenous language besides Guaran\u00ed: Besides Spanish, Guaran\u00ed and all other previous languages, Portuguese, Plautdietsch, Standard German and Italian are spoken as well.", "The Law of Linguistic Rights of the Indigenous Languages recognizes 62 indigenous languages as \"national languages\" which have the same validity as Spanish in all territories where they are spoken. According to the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Data Processing (INEGI), approximately 6.7% of the population speaks an indigenous language. That is, less than half of those identified as indigenous. 6,695,228 people 5 years or older were tallied as indigenous-language speakers in the 2010 census, an increase of about 650,000 from the 2000 census. In 2000, 6,044,547 people 5 years or older spoke an indigenous language. In previous censuses, information on the indigenous speaking population five years of age and older was obtained from the Mexican people. However, in the 2010 census, this approach was changed and the Government also began to collect data on people 3 years and older because from the age of 3, children are able to communicate verbally. With this new approach, it was determined that there were 6,913,362 people 3 years of age or more who spoke an indigenous language (218,000 children 3 and 4 four years of age fell into this category), accounting for 6.6% of the total population. The population of children aged 0 to 2 years in homes where the head of household or a spouse spoke an indigenous language was 678 954. The indigenous language speaking population has been increasing in absolute numbers for decades, but have nonetheless been falling in proportion to the national population. The recognition of indigenous languages and the protection of indigenous cultures is granted not only to the ethnic groups indigenous to modern-day Mexican territory, but also to other North American indigenous groups that migrated to Mexico from the United States in the nineteenth century and those who immigrated from Guatemala in the 1980s.", "Timucua language Timucua is a language isolate formerly spoken in northern and central Florida and southern Georgia by the Timucua people. Timucua was the primary language used in the area at the time of Spanish colonization in Florida. Linguistic and archaeological studies suggest that it may have been spoken from around 2000 BC. Differences among the nine or ten Timucua dialects were slight, and appeared to serve mostly to delineate tribal boundaries. Some linguists suggest that the Tawasa of what is now northern Alabama may have spoken Timucua, but this is disputed. Most of what is known of the language comes from the works of Francisco Pareja, a Franciscan missionary who came to St. Augustine in 1595. During his 31 years of service to the Timucua, he developed a writing system for the language, the first for an indigenous language of the Americas. He published several Spanish-Timucua catechisms, as well as a grammar of the Timucua language, from 1612-1627. His 1612 work was the first to be published in an indigenous language in the Americas. Including his six surviving works, only nine primary sources of information about the Timucua language survive, including two catechisms written in Timucua and Spanish by Gregorio de Movilla in 1635, and a Spanish-translated Timucuan letter to the Spanish Crown dated 1688. In 1763 the British took over Florida from Spain following the Seven Years' War, and most Spanish colonists and mission Indians, including the few remaining Timucua speakers, left for Cuba, near Havana. The language group is now extinct. Timucua is an isolate, not demonstrably related genetically to any of the languages spoken in North America, nor does it show evidence of large amounts of lexical borrowings from them.", "At the same time, legislators made no specific provisions for the official or legal status of the Spanish language. This law means that indigenous peoples can use their native language in communicating with government officials and request official documents in that language. The Mexican state supports the preservation and promotion of the use of the national languages through the activities of the National Institute of Indigenous Languages. Mexico has about six million citizens who speak indigenous languages. That is the second-largest group in the Americas after Peru. However, a relatively small percentage of Mexico's population speaks an indigenous language compared to other countries in the Americas, such as Guatemala (42.8%), Peru (35%), and even Ecuador (9.4%), Panama (8.3%), Paraguay and Bolivia. The only single indigenous language spoken by more than a million people in Mexico is the Nahuatl language; the other Native American language with a large population of native speakers include Yucatec Maya. According to the Law of Linguistic Rights, Mexico recognizes sixty-two indigenous languages as co-official National languages. With Spanish being the dominant language, Mexico has become a site for endangered languages. \"Indigenous people\u2019s disadvantaged socioeconomic status and the pressure of assimilation into mestizo or Ladino society have been influential on indigenous language loss.\" The result of the conflict between indigenous languages and Spanish has been a language shift in Mexico from indigenous languages being spoken to more people using Spanish in every domain. Due to this situation there have been many different language revitalization strategies implemented in order to create a language shift to try to reverse this language shift. Literature projects done with the Nahua people include \"Keeping the fire alive: a decade of language revitalization in Mexico\" showing the experiences of language revitalization in South Mexico. The following is a classification of the 65 indigenous languages grouped by family: Language families with members north of Mexico", "The most numerous indigenous communities are the Tzeltal and Tzotzil peoples, who number about 400,000 each, together accounting for about half of the state's indigenous population. The next most numerous are the Ch\u2019ol with about 200,000 people and the Tojolabal and Zoques, who number about 50,000 each. The top 3 municipalities in Chiapas with indigenous language speakers 3 years of age and older are: Ocosingo (133,811), Chilon (96,567), and San Juan Chamula (69,475). These 3 municipalities accounted for 24.8% (299,853) of all indigenous language speakers 3 years or older in the state of Chiapas, out of a total of 1,209,057 indigenous language speakers 3 years or older. Although most indigenous language speakers are bilingual, especially in the younger generations, many of these languages have shown resilience. 4 of Chiapas' indigenous languages Tzeltal, Tzotzil, Tojolabal and Chol are high-vitality languages, meaning that a high percentage of these ethnicities speak the language and that there is a high rate of monolingualism in it. It is used in over 80% of homes. Zoque is considered to be of medium-vitality with a rate of bilingualism of over 70% and home use somewhere between 65% and 80%. Maya is considered to be of low-vitality with almost all of its speakers bilingual with Spanish. The most spoken indigenous languages as of 2010 are Tzeltal with 461,236 speakers, Tzotzil with 417,462, Ch\u2019ol with 191,947 and Zoque with 53,839."], "answer": {"text": "The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages,", "answer_start": 1493}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#2", "question": "What were the cultures like?", "rewrite": "What were the cultures of the Americas like?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Indian influences can also be noted in rice-based delicacies such as \"bibingka\" (analogous to the Indonesian \"bingka\"), \"puto\", and \"puto bumbong\", where the latter two are plausibly derived from the south Indian \"puttu\", which also has variants throughout Maritime Southeast Asia (e.g. \"kue putu\", \"putu mangkok\"). The \"kare-kare\", more popular in Luzon, on the other hand could trace its origins from the Seven Years' War when the British occupied Manila for 2 years mostly with sepoys (Indian conscripts), who had to improvise Indian dishes given the lack of spices in the Philippines to make curry. This is said to explain the name and its supposed thick, yellow-to-orange annatto and peanut-based sauce, which alludes to a type of curry. Spanish colonizers and friars in the 16th century brought with them produce from the Americas like chili peppers, tomatoes, corn, potatoes, and the method of saut\u00e9ing with garlic and onions. Chili leaves are frequently used as a cooking green. Spanish (and Mexican) dishes were eventually incorporated into Filipino cuisine with the more complex dishes usually being prepared for special occasions. Some dishes such as \"arroz a la valenciana\" remain largely the same in the Philippine context. Some have been adapted or have come to take on a slightly or significantly different meaning. \"Arroz a la cubana\" served in the Philippines usually includes ground beef picadillo. Philippine \"longganisa\" despite its name is more akin to \"chorizo\" than Spanish \"longaniza\" (in Visayan regions, it is still known as \"chorizo\").", "Louise Juliane sued her in-laws before the Reichskammergericht and the Emperor. She sent her councillors to M\u00fcnster and Osnabr\u00fcck where the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 was being negotiated. The rights of Ernestine and Johannetta were recognized and, with Swedish assistance, one part of the county after the other was returned to her. In Hachenburg on 21 October 1651, Ernestine married Count Salentin Ernest of Mandersheid-Blankenheim (6 August 1630 \u2013 18 February 1705). They had seven children. One year later (1652), Louise Juliane finally handed over the County of Sayn to her daughters, who was divided in two parts: Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Hachenburg (for Ernestine) and Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (for Johannetta, who was at that time Dowager Landgravine of Hesse-Braubach). Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hachenburg was inherited by Maximilian Joseph in 1661 following Ernestine's death, and after his death in 1675 was inherited by his youngest surviving sister Magdalena Christina, who through marriage in 1715 passed the County to the Burgraves of Kirchberg until 1799, when by marriage was inherited the Counts of Nassau-Weilburg and to the Counts of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg in 1803. Through the female line the title is currently held by the Grand Duke of Luxembourg. She had seven children:", "In the meanwhile, Count Christian, Louis Albert's youngest brother besieged Altenkirchen and the Electorate of Mainz besieged Hachenburg, who was forced to surrender when the food ran out; without options, Louise Juliane and her daughters fled to Freusburg. When the Electorate of Trier prepared to besiege Freusburg, they fled to Friedewald, where they found safety. Louise Juliane sued her in-laws before the Reichskammergericht and the Emperor. She sent her councillors to M\u00fcnster and Osnabr\u00fcck where the Peace of Westphalia of 1648 was being negotiated. The rights of Johannetta and Ernestine were recognized and, with Swedish assistance, one part of the county after the other was returned to her. During her family exile in Friedewald, Johannetta (aged 15) married on 30 September 1647 to Landgrave John of Hesse-Braubach (aged 37), younger brother of George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt; however, Louise Juliane retained the regency of the County of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn for her two daughters. After four years of childless union, Landgrave John died on 1 April 1651 in Bad Ems. One year later (1652), Louise Juliane finally handed over the County of Sayn to her daughters, who was divided in two parts: Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Altenkirchen (for Johannetta) and Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn-Hachenburg (for Ernestine, who recently married Count Salentin Ernest of Mandersheid-Blankenheim). In Wallau on 29 May 1661, Johannetta (aged 29) married secondly to Prince John George ( aged 27), third surviving son of William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.", "Denevan's Ph.D. students who completed dissertations on Latin American topics are, among others, Daniel W. Gade (1967; co-chaired), Bernard Nietschmann (1970), Roger Byrne (1972), Roland Bergmann (1974), Billie Lee Turner II (1974), Stuart White (1981), Hildegardo C\u00f3rdova (1982), Gregory Knapp (1984), Kent Mathewson (1987), John M. Treacy (1989), and Oliver Coomes (1992). A member of the fourth generation, William E. Doolittle studied with Billie Lee Turner II, a prominent member of the third generation. Turner has graduated almost 50 PhD students, many working in the Americas like Anthony Bebbington, who has over 25 'fifth generation' graduated students Doolittle earned a Ph.D. in 1979, became a professor in the Department of Geography and the Environment at University of Texas at Austin, and is one person to extend the school into the fifth generation. Doolittle's Ph.D. students who completed dissertations on Latin American topics are Dean P. Lambert (1992), Andrew Sluyter (1995), Emily H. Young (1995), Eric P. Perramond (1999), Phil L. Crossley (1999), Jerry O. ( Joby) Bass (2003), Maria G. Fadiman (2003), and Matthew Fry (2008). Several of the fifth generation hold faculty positions in university departments with doctoral programs, and a sixth generation is now emerging. They are applying new approaches and research questions to the study of the peoples and places of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "These Western Sephardic immigrants usually came in via Dutch possessions in the Americas like Cura\u00e7ao. They have also settled in places such as Panama, Honduras, and Colombia. Their ancestors had emigrated to places like Cura\u00e7ao from the Netherlands, where they had earlier settled after leaving Spain and Portugal. This multi-stop migration was a centuries-long process. Among the descendants of Western Sephardi immigrants in Latin America, at least four heads of state have emerged, including the Jewish-raised Max Delvalle Levy-Maduro and his nephew Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen-Henr\u00edquez (both presidents of Panama), Jewish-raised Ricardo Maduro (former president of Honduras), and Catholic-raised Nicol\u00e1s Maduro (current president of Venezuela). As stated, the descendants of these more recent Sephardic arrivals in Hispanic America (whether North African Sephardim, Eastern Sephardim, and Western Sephardim) are separate from Sephardic Bnei Anusim, irrespective of whether they too have assimilated (as is mostly the case of North African Sephardim in Peru) or are still Jewish-integrated (as is mostly the case of Eastern Sephardim in Mexico). Western Sephardim in Hispanic America have tended to include as many who have assimilated as have remained Jewish-integrated. There is a small but strong contingent of Jewish immigrants to Israel from Latin America, predominantly from within the normative Jewish (Ashkenazi and Sephardi) communities resident in Latin America. Among these immigrants from Latin America, however, there are also some, but not many, persons of Sephardic Bnei Anusim origin that have also immigrated, most of which arrived in Israel after official reversions/conversions outside Israel."], "answer": {"text": "Several indigenous cultures of the Americas had also developed their own writing systems, the best known being the Maya script.", "answer_start": 355}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which language was typically spoken?", "answer": {"text": "The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages,", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#3", "question": "What year was this developed?", "rewrite": "What year was thie Maya script developed in the Americas?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Maya script  Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, was the writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican writing system that has been substantially deciphered. The earliest inscriptions found which are identifiably Maya date to the 3rd century BCE in San Bartolo, Guatemala. Maya writing was in continuous use throughout Mesoamerica until the Spanish conquest of the Maya in the 16th and 17th centuries. Maya writing used logograms complemented with a set of syllabic glyphs, somewhat similar in function to modern Japanese writing. Maya writing was called \"hieroglyphics\" or hieroglyphs by early European explorers of the 18th and 19th centuries who did not understand it but found its general appearance reminiscent of Egyptian hieroglyphs, to which the Maya writing system is not at all related. Modern Mayan languages are written using the Latin alphabet rather than Maya script. Evidence suggests that codices and other classic texts were written by scribes\u2014usually members of the Maya priesthood\u2014in Classic Maya, a literary form of the extinct Ch\u02bcolti\u02bc language. It is possible that the Maya elite spoke this language as a \"lingua franca\" over the entire Maya-speaking area, but texts were also written in other Mayan languages of the Pet\u00e9n and Yucat\u00e1n, especially Yucatec. There is also some evidence that the script may have been occasionally used to write Mayan languages of the Guatemalan Highlands. However, if other languages were written, they may have been written by Ch\u02bcolti\u02bc scribes, and therefore have Ch\u02bcolti\u02bc elements. Mayan writing consisted of a relatively elaborate set of glyphs, which were laboriously painted on ceramics, walls and bark-paper codices, carved in wood and stone, and molded in stucco.", "Maya writing is attested from the mid-preclassic period in the center of Pet\u00e9n in the Maya lowlands, and lately scholars have suggested that the earliest Maya inscriptions may in fact be the oldest of Mesoamerica. The earliest inscriptions in an identifiably Maya script date back to 200\u2013300 BCE. Early examples include the painted inscriptions at the caves of Naj Tunich and La Cobanerita in El Pet\u00e9n, Guatemala. The most elaborate inscriptions are considered to be those at classic sites like Palenque, Cop\u00e1n and Tikal. The Maya script is generally considered to be the most fully developed Mesoamerican writing system, mostly because of its extraordinary aesthetics and because it has been partially deciphered. In Maya writing, logograms and syllable signs are combined. Around 700 different glyphs have been documented, with some 75% having been deciphered. Around 7000 texts in Maya script have been documented. Maya writing first developed as only utilizing logograms, but later included the use of phonetic complements in order to differentiate between the semantic meanings of the logograms and for context that allows for syllabic spelling of words. The Mixtec writing emerged during the 13th century, much later than the systems previously mentioned. Mixtec is a semasiographic system that was used by the pre-Hispanic Mixtecs. Many of its characteristics were later adopted by the Mexica and Mixteca-Puebla writing systems. The origin of the Mixteca-Puebla is the subject of debate amongst experts. The Mixtec writing system consisted of a set of figurative signs and symbols that served as guides for storytellers as they recounted legends. These storytellers were usually priests and other members of the Mixtec upper class.", "De Landa alphabet The de Landa alphabet is the correspondence of Spanish letters and glyphs written in the pre-Columbian Maya script, which the 16th-century bishop of Yucat\u00e1n, Diego de Landa recorded as part of his documentation of the Maya civilization. With the aid of two Maya informants familiar with the script, de Landa made an attempt to provide a transcribed \"A, B, C\" for the Maya script with the intent of providing a key to its decipherment and translation. Despite its inaccuracies, the information provided by him would much later prove to be crucial to the mid-20th century breakthrough in the decipherment of the Maya script, starting with the work of the Soviet epigrapher and Mayanist, Yuri Knorozov. The \"alphabet,\" along with some passages of explanatory notes and examples of its use in Maya writing, was written as a small part of de Landa's \"Relaci\u00f3n de las cosas de Yucat\u00e1n\" (\"Account of the matters of Yucat\u00e1n\"), which also documented many aspects of the culture and practices of the indigenous Maya peoples that he had seen and been told of when he was living among them in the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. His work was actually written after he had been recalled back to Spain to face trial by Inquisition for allegations of improper behaviour while there, and he wrote it as a defense of his mission there. The work was soon thereafter almost forgotten. Lost to scholarship for several centuries, an abridged copy of it was later rediscovered by the French antiquarian scholar Brasseur de Bourbourg in the 19th century. Then a number of unsuccessful attempts were made to use its de Landa alphabet passages to decipher the unknown script because the De Landa script was an alphabet, but the extant Maya texts are logosyllabic.", "The writing system used is very close to the Maya script, using affixal glyphs and Long Count dates, but is read only in one column at a time as is the Zapotec script. It has been suggested that this Isthmian or Epi-Olmec script is the direct predecessor of the Maya script, thus giving the Maya script a non-Maya origin. Another artifact with Epi-Olmec script is the Chiapa de Corzo stela which is the oldest monument of the Americas inscribed with its own date: the Long Count on the stela dates it to 36 BCE. In a 1997 paper, John Justeson and Terrence Kaufman put forward a decipherment of Epi-Olmec. The following year, however, their interpretation was disputed by Stephen Houston and Michael D. Coe, who unsuccessfully applied Justeson and Kaufman's decipherment system against epi-Olmec script from the back of a hitherto unknown mask. The matter remains under dispute. In the highland Maya archaeological sites of Abaj Takalik and Kaminaljuy\u00fa writing has been found dating to Izapa culture. It is likely that in this area in late Pre-Classic times an ancient form of a Mixe\u2013 Zoquean language was spoken, and the inscriptions found here may be in such a language rather than a Maya one. Some glyphs in this scripts are readable as they are identical to Maya glyphs but the script remains undeciphered. The advanced decay and destruction of these archaeological sites make it improbable that more monuments with these scripts will come to light making possible a decipherment.", "An Outline Dictionary of Maya Glyphs An Outline Dictionary of Maya Glyphs: With a Concordance and Analysis of Their Relationships is a monograph study of the Maya script by William E. Gates, first published in 1931. The inventory of glyphs used in Gates' analysis was compiled and drawn from the Madrid, Dresden and Paris codices, rather than from monumental inscriptions and stelae. It was published at a time when the Maya script remained wholly undeciphered and the type of writing system the script represented was unknown and much debated among Mayanists. Gates' work represented one of the major attempts in this pre-decipherment era of Mayanist scholarship to catalogue and analyse Maya glyphs as a prelude to uncovering their meaning. In comprehensiveness it was later superseded by G\u00fcnther Zimmermann's \"Die Hieroglyphen der Maya-Handschriften\" (1956), and then in particular by J. Eric S. Thompson's \"A Catalogue of Maya Hieroglyphs\" (1962), which became established as the \"de facto\" standard catalogue and analysis of its day. Once it was realised in the latter half of the 20th century that the Maya script was largely logosyllabic in nature, Mayanist epigraphers beginning with Yuri Knorozov began a process of breakthroughs in the script's decipherment. Other key contributions and realisations\u2014such as establishing that the stelae texts recorded actual history and real personages and events\u2014led to the decipherment of a significant number of glyphs and texts, particularly from the 1970s onwards. While many of the interpretations put forward in the early catalogues by Gates \"et al.\" have been made redundant by the modern knowledge of the script, catalogues such as Gates'"], "answer": {"text": "These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century", "answer_start": 126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which language was typically spoken?", "answer": {"text": "The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages,", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the cultures like?", "answer": {"text": "Several indigenous cultures of the Americas had also developed their own writing systems, the best known being the Maya script.", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#4", "question": "Did Greenland speak a certain language?", "rewrite": "Did Greenland speak a certain language in the 11th century?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As a consequence of political complications in relation to Denmark's entry into the European Common Market in 1972, Denmark began to seek a different status for Greenland, resulting in the Home Rule Act of 1979. This gave Greenland limited autonomy with its own legislature taking control of some internal policies, while the Parliament of Denmark maintained full control of external policies, security, and natural resources. The law came into effect on 1 May 1979. The Queen of Denmark, Margrethe II, remains Greenland's head of state. In 1985, Greenland left the European Economic Community (EEC) upon achieving self-rule, as it did not agree with the EEC's commercial fishing regulations and an EEC ban on seal skin products. Greenland voters approved a referendum on greater autonomy on 25 November 2008. According to one study, the 2008 vote created what \"can be seen as a system between home rule and full independence.\" On 21 June 2009, Greenland gained self-rule with provisions for assuming responsibility for self-government of judicial affairs, policing, and natural resources. Also, Greenlanders were recognized as a separate people under international law. Denmark maintains control of foreign affairs and defence matters. Denmark upholds the annual block grant of 3.2 billion Danish kroner, but as Greenland begins to collect revenues of its natural resources, the grant will gradually be diminished. This is generally considered to be a step toward eventual full independence from Denmark. Greenlandic was declared the sole official language of Greenland at the historic ceremony. Greenland is the world's largest non-continental island and the third largest area in North America.", "County of Greenland, Denmark The County of Greenland was an amt (county) of Denmark, comprising Greenland and its associated islands, before home rule was granted to Greenland. In 1953 Greenland's colonial status ended with the establishment of the 1953 Danish constitution. When the colonial status ended, Greenland was incorporated into the Danish realm as a Amt (county) which gave Greenlanders Danish citizenship, as a result of this, a change in Danish policies toward Greenland that consisted of a strategy of cultural assimilation. During this period, the Danish government promoted the exclusive use of Danish in official matters, and required Greenlanders to go to Denmark for their post-secondary education; many Greenlandic children grew up in boarding schools in southern Denmark, many losing their cultural ties to Greenland. The policy also backfired to produce a reassertion of Greenlandic cultural identity by the Greenlandic elite, leading to a movement in favour of independence that reached its peak in the 1970s; because of this, a further desire to establish the legality of Greenland's status formed in Denmark, resulting in the Home Rule Act of 1979, which gave Greenland limited autonomy with its own legislature taking control of some internal policies, while the Parliament of Denmark maintained full control of external policies, security, and natural resources. The law came into effect on 1 May 1979.", "Danish language Danish (; \"dansk\" , \"dansk sprog\" ) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany, where it has minority language status. Also, minor Danish-speaking communities are found in Norway, Sweden, Spain, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina. Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas, around 15\u201320% of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their first language. Along with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples who lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era. Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the East Norse dialect group, while the Middle Norwegian language before the influence of Danish and Norwegian Bokm\u00e5l are classified as West Norse along with Faroese and Icelandic. A more recent classification based on mutual intelligibility separates modern spoken Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish as \"mainland Scandinavian\", while Icelandic and Faroese are classified as \"insular Scandinavian\". Until the 16th century, Danish was a continuum of dialects spoken from Schleswig to Scania with no standard variety or spelling conventions. With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing, a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect. It spread through use in the education system and administration, though German and Latin continued to be the most important written languages well into the 17th century. Following the loss of territory to Germany and Sweden, a nationalist movement adopted the language as a token of Danish identity, and the language experienced a strong surge in use and popularity, with major works of literature produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, traditional Danish dialects have all but disappeared, though regional variants of the standard language exist. The main differences in language are between generations, with youth language being particularly innovative.", "Greenland Representation to the European Union The Representation of Greenland in Brussels is the official representative office of Greenland to the European Union. The Representation of Greenland to the EU was established in 1992 in connection to the Royal Danish Embassy in Belgium. Greenland Representation is located together with The Royal Danish Embassy, and the Mission of the Faroes to the European Union. As the Government of Greenland delegate, the Minister Counsellor is credentialed to Belgium and maintains The Government of Greenland relations with the EU institutions. A referendum held in 1982 and a sparse majority voted in favour of withdrawal. Between 1982 and 1984 the terms were negotiated and on February 1, 1985 Greenland formally withdrew from the European Community. A Treaty on Greenland\u2019s withdrawal from the Community was made \u2013 the Greenland Treaty \u2013 declaring Greenland as a \u201cspecial case\u201d. This \"special case\" provided a fisheries agreement between the parties in which the European Community and later the European Union kept its fishing rights and Greenland kept its financial contribution as before the withdrawal. It also gave Greenland tariff free access of fisheries products to the EU as long as there exists a satisfactory fisheries agreement. Greenland is furthermore associated with the EU through its placement in the Overseas Country and Territories Association Decision. Focus in the Joint Declaration of the Partnership Agreement is the objective to further strengthen the relations and cooperation between the EU and Greenland on different areas ranging from research, sustainable development over industry and education and training and in a long term perspective. The focal sector of the Partnership Agreement period 2014-2020 is education and training. In order to develop this specific sector with regards to a sustainable human development in an era of globalisation. It is reflected in the Partnership Agreement that the relationship between Greenland and the EU is mutually beneficial. Furthermore the overall goal is to diversify Greenland's economy.", "2008 Greenlandic self-government referendum A non-binding referendum on Greenland's autonomy was held on 25 November 2008 to support or oppose the Greenland Self-Government Act. It was passed with 75% approval (63% in Nuuk) and a 72% turnout. The non-binding referendum was on expanded home rule in 30 areas, including police, courts, and the coast guard; gave Greenland a say in foreign policy; provided a more definite split of future oil revenue; and made the Greenlandic language the sole official language. The referendum was announced by Prime Minister Hans Enoksen on 2 January 2008. Enoksen also announced the launch of an information and discussion campaign on the issue of self-government. This included town hall meetings throughout the country. Greenland became a Denmark\u2013Norway colony in 1775 and was made a province of Denmark in 1953. In 1979, it was made an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, with a parliament and local control of health care, schools, and social services. In 1985, it withdrew from the then European Economic Community (now known as the European Union) to maintain control of fishing in its waters. There has been some movement towards independence, encouraged by Denmark but held back by Greenland's need for economic subsidies. A 2003 report from the Commission on Self-Governance outlined six possibilities for the future of Greenland. These were:  Although it was a non-binding referendum, the Danish parliament supported it and promised to honour its results. The expansion of home rule took effect on 21 June 2009, the 30th anniversary of the establishment of home rule, when the Act on Greenland Self-Government took affect. Greenland gained greater control of the police, coast guard, and courts. In addition, the Greenlandic language became the sole official language."], "answer": {"text": "Greenland in 2009 adopted Kalaallisut as its sole official language.", "answer_start": 634}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which language was typically spoken?", "answer": {"text": "The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages,", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the cultures like?", "answer": {"text": "Several indigenous cultures of the Americas had also developed their own writing systems, the best known being the Maya script.", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this developed?", "answer": {"text": "These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects other than the Maya script, and Kalaallisut about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The writing system used is very close to the Maya script, using affixal glyphs and Long Count dates, but is read only in one column at a time as is the Zapotec script. It has been suggested that this Isthmian or Epi-Olmec script is the direct predecessor of the Maya script, thus giving the Maya script a non-Maya origin. Another artifact with Epi-Olmec script is the Chiapa de Corzo stela which is the oldest monument of the Americas inscribed with its own date: the Long Count on the stela dates it to 36 BCE. In a 1997 paper, John Justeson and Terrence Kaufman put forward a decipherment of Epi-Olmec. The following year, however, their interpretation was disputed by Stephen Houston and Michael D. Coe, who unsuccessfully applied Justeson and Kaufman's decipherment system against epi-Olmec script from the back of a hitherto unknown mask. The matter remains under dispute. In the highland Maya archaeological sites of Abaj Takalik and Kaminaljuy\u00fa writing has been found dating to Izapa culture. It is likely that in this area in late Pre-Classic times an ancient form of a Mixe\u2013 Zoquean language was spoken, and the inscriptions found here may be in such a language rather than a Maya one. Some glyphs in this scripts are readable as they are identical to Maya glyphs but the script remains undeciphered. The advanced decay and destruction of these archaeological sites make it improbable that more monuments with these scripts will come to light making possible a decipherment.", "An Outline Dictionary of Maya Glyphs An Outline Dictionary of Maya Glyphs: With a Concordance and Analysis of Their Relationships is a monograph study of the Maya script by William E. Gates, first published in 1931. The inventory of glyphs used in Gates' analysis was compiled and drawn from the Madrid, Dresden and Paris codices, rather than from monumental inscriptions and stelae. It was published at a time when the Maya script remained wholly undeciphered and the type of writing system the script represented was unknown and much debated among Mayanists. Gates' work represented one of the major attempts in this pre-decipherment era of Mayanist scholarship to catalogue and analyse Maya glyphs as a prelude to uncovering their meaning. In comprehensiveness it was later superseded by G\u00fcnther Zimmermann's \"Die Hieroglyphen der Maya-Handschriften\" (1956), and then in particular by J. Eric S. Thompson's \"A Catalogue of Maya Hieroglyphs\" (1962), which became established as the \"de facto\" standard catalogue and analysis of its day. Once it was realised in the latter half of the 20th century that the Maya script was largely logosyllabic in nature, Mayanist epigraphers beginning with Yuri Knorozov began a process of breakthroughs in the script's decipherment. Other key contributions and realisations\u2014such as establishing that the stelae texts recorded actual history and real personages and events\u2014led to the decipherment of a significant number of glyphs and texts, particularly from the 1970s onwards. While many of the interpretations put forward in the early catalogues by Gates \"et al.\" have been made redundant by the modern knowledge of the script, catalogues such as Gates'", "De Landa alphabet The de Landa alphabet is the correspondence of Spanish letters and glyphs written in the pre-Columbian Maya script, which the 16th-century bishop of Yucat\u00e1n, Diego de Landa recorded as part of his documentation of the Maya civilization. With the aid of two Maya informants familiar with the script, de Landa made an attempt to provide a transcribed \"A, B, C\" for the Maya script with the intent of providing a key to its decipherment and translation. Despite its inaccuracies, the information provided by him would much later prove to be crucial to the mid-20th century breakthrough in the decipherment of the Maya script, starting with the work of the Soviet epigrapher and Mayanist, Yuri Knorozov. The \"alphabet,\" along with some passages of explanatory notes and examples of its use in Maya writing, was written as a small part of de Landa's \"Relaci\u00f3n de las cosas de Yucat\u00e1n\" (\"Account of the matters of Yucat\u00e1n\"), which also documented many aspects of the culture and practices of the indigenous Maya peoples that he had seen and been told of when he was living among them in the Yucat\u00e1n Peninsula. His work was actually written after he had been recalled back to Spain to face trial by Inquisition for allegations of improper behaviour while there, and he wrote it as a defense of his mission there. The work was soon thereafter almost forgotten. Lost to scholarship for several centuries, an abridged copy of it was later rediscovered by the French antiquarian scholar Brasseur de Bourbourg in the 19th century. Then a number of unsuccessful attempts were made to use its de Landa alphabet passages to decipher the unknown script because the De Landa script was an alphabet, but the extant Maya texts are logosyllabic.", "Maya script  Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, was the writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican writing system that has been substantially deciphered. The earliest inscriptions found which are identifiably Maya date to the 3rd century BCE in San Bartolo, Guatemala. Maya writing was in continuous use throughout Mesoamerica until the Spanish conquest of the Maya in the 16th and 17th centuries. Maya writing used logograms complemented with a set of syllabic glyphs, somewhat similar in function to modern Japanese writing. Maya writing was called \"hieroglyphics\" or hieroglyphs by early European explorers of the 18th and 19th centuries who did not understand it but found its general appearance reminiscent of Egyptian hieroglyphs, to which the Maya writing system is not at all related. Modern Mayan languages are written using the Latin alphabet rather than Maya script. Evidence suggests that codices and other classic texts were written by scribes\u2014usually members of the Maya priesthood\u2014in Classic Maya, a literary form of the extinct Ch\u02bcolti\u02bc language. It is possible that the Maya elite spoke this language as a \"lingua franca\" over the entire Maya-speaking area, but texts were also written in other Mayan languages of the Pet\u00e9n and Yucat\u00e1n, especially Yucatec. There is also some evidence that the script may have been occasionally used to write Mayan languages of the Guatemalan Highlands. However, if other languages were written, they may have been written by Ch\u02bcolti\u02bc scribes, and therefore have Ch\u02bcolti\u02bc elements. Mayan writing consisted of a relatively elaborate set of glyphs, which were laboriously painted on ceramics, walls and bark-paper codices, carved in wood and stone, and molded in stucco.", "Maya writing is attested from the mid-preclassic period in the center of Pet\u00e9n in the Maya lowlands, and lately scholars have suggested that the earliest Maya inscriptions may in fact be the oldest of Mesoamerica. The earliest inscriptions in an identifiably Maya script date back to 200\u2013300 BCE. Early examples include the painted inscriptions at the caves of Naj Tunich and La Cobanerita in El Pet\u00e9n, Guatemala. The most elaborate inscriptions are considered to be those at classic sites like Palenque, Cop\u00e1n and Tikal. The Maya script is generally considered to be the most fully developed Mesoamerican writing system, mostly because of its extraordinary aesthetics and because it has been partially deciphered. In Maya writing, logograms and syllable signs are combined. Around 700 different glyphs have been documented, with some 75% having been deciphered. Around 7000 texts in Maya script have been documented. Maya writing first developed as only utilizing logograms, but later included the use of phonetic complements in order to differentiate between the semantic meanings of the logograms and for context that allows for syllabic spelling of words. The Mixtec writing emerged during the 13th century, much later than the systems previously mentioned. Mixtec is a semasiographic system that was used by the pre-Hispanic Mixtecs. Many of its characteristics were later adopted by the Mexica and Mixteca-Puebla writing systems. The origin of the Mixteca-Puebla is the subject of debate amongst experts. The Mixtec writing system consisted of a set of figurative signs and symbols that served as guides for storytellers as they recounted legends. These storytellers were usually priests and other members of the Mixtec upper class."], "answer": {"text": "Many indigenous languages have become critically endangered,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which language was typically spoken?", "answer": {"text": "The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages,", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the cultures like?", "answer": {"text": "Several indigenous cultures of the Americas had also developed their own writing systems, the best known being the Maya script.", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this developed?", "answer": {"text": "These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Greenland speak a certain language?", "answer": {"text": "Greenland in 2009 adopted Kalaallisut as its sole official language.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#6", "question": "Do they practice some languages more than others?", "rewrite": "Do Countries practice some languages more than Kalaallisut in Greenland?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Greenlandic Inuit The Greenlandic Inuit (, ) are the indigenous peoples and the most populous ethnic group in Greenland. Most speak Greenlandic (Western Greenlandic, Kalaallisut) and consider themselves ethnically Greenlandic. People of Greenland are citizens of Denmark. Approximately 89 percent of Greenland's population of 57,695 is Greenlandic Inuit, or 51,349 people . Ethnographically, they consist of three major groups: Historically, \"Kalaallit\" referred specifically to the people of Western Greenland. Northern Greenlanders call themselves Avanersuarmiut or Inughuit, and Eastern Greenlanders call themselves Tunumiit, respectively. Today, most Greenlanders are bilingual speakers of Kalaallisut and Danish and most trace their lineage to the first Inuit that came to Greenland. The vast majority of ethnic Greenlanders reside in Greenland or elsewhere in the Danish Realm, primarily Denmark proper (approximately 20,000 Greenlanders reside in Denmark proper). A small minority reside in other countries, mostly elsewhere in Scandinavia and North America. There are some Greenlanders who are multiracial, mostly due to Danish colonists and other Europeans marrying into Inuit families. The Inuit are descended from the Thule people, who settled Greenland in between AD 1200 and 1400. As 84 percent of Greenland's land mass is covered by the Greenland ice sheet, Inuit people live in three regions: Polar, Eastern, and Western. In the 1850s, additional Canadian Inuit joined the Polar Inuit communities. The Eastern Inuit, or Tunumiit, live in the area with the mildest climate, a territory called Tunu or Tasiilaq. Hunters can hunt marine mammals from kayaks throughout the year. Kalaallisut is the official language of Greenland. It is the western variety of the Greenlandic language, which is one of the Inuit languages within the Eskimo-Aleut family.", "Inuktun  Inuktun (, , ) is the language of approximately 1,000 indigenous Inughuit, inhabiting the world's northernmost settlements in Qaanaaq and the surrounding villages in northwestern Greenland. All speakers of Inuktun also speak Standard Greenlandic and many also speak Danish and a few also English. Apart from the town of Qaanaaq, Inuktun is also spoken in the villages of Muriuhaq, Hiurapaluk, Qikiqtat, Qikiqtarhuaq, Havighivik (names given in Inuktun). The language was first described by the explorers Knud Rasmussen and Peter Freuchen who travelled through northern Greenland in the early twentieth century and established a trading post at Dundas in 1910. Inuktun does not have its own orthography and is not taught in schools. However, most of the inhabitants of Qaanaaq and the surrounding villages use Inuktun in their everyday communication. The language is an Eskimo\u2013Aleut language and dialectologically it is in between the Greenlandic Kalaallisut and the Canadian Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun or Inuinnaqtun. The Polar Inuit were the last to cross from Canada into Greenland and they may have arrived as late as in the eighteenth century. The language differs from Kalaallisut by substituting Kalaallisut with an h-sound often pronounced like a palatal fricative as in German \"ich\". Inuktun also allows more consonant combinations than Kalaallisut and has some minor grammatical and lexical differences. Apart from the simple consonants given below, there are also 5 consonants which exist only in consonant clusters: , , , , and () (a uvular nasal).", "Danish people in Greenland Danish Greenlanders are Danish immigrants in Greenland and their descendants. Danish Greenlanders are a minority ethnic group in Greenland, accounting for around 11% of the territory's population. Greenlandic Inuit (including mixed-race persons) make up approximately 85%\u201390% of the total (2009 estimate). Attracted by good employment opportunities with high wages, many Danes settled in the town of Nuuk during the 1990s. Nuuk has the highest proportion of Danes of any town in Greenland. There was continuous Scandinavian settlement in south-western Greenland from the 10th century until the 15th century. It remains unclear exactly when and how these populations eventually disappeared, but climate change appears to be the primary cause. The majority of these Medieval settlers hailed from Norway (by way of Iceland), rather than Denmark. From 1721 onwards, the Danish (and Norwegian) presence in south-western Greenland was restored, initially in the form of seasonal trading posts and missions, rather than permanent settlements. Both Danish and Greenlandic have been used in public affairs in Greenland since the establishment of home rule in 1979; the majority of the population can speak both languages. Kalaallisut (Greenlandic) became the sole official language in June 2009. Danish is still widely used in the administration and in higher education, as well as remaining the first or only language for some Danish immigrants in Nuuk and other larger towns. A debate about the role of Kalaallisut (Greenlandic) and Danish in future society is ongoing. About 12% of the population of Greenland speaks Danish as a first or sole language, particularly Danish immigrants in Greenland, many of whom fill positions such as administrators, professionals, academics, or skilled tradesmen. While Greenlandic is dominant in all smaller settlements, a part of the population of Inuit or mixed ancestry, especially in towns, speaks Danish. Most of the Inuit population speaks Danish as a second language.", "Egede was also an accomplished botanist. In 1742, Egede was appointed Minister of the Vartov Lutheran Church in Copenhagen. In 1747, he became a professor of theology at the Greenland Mission Seminary established in Denmark by his father and then, in 1758, its provost. In 1779, he was elevated to Bishop of Greenland and, in 1785, made a fellow of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. Egede and a kalaaleq woman named Arnarsaq translated the New Testament into Kalaallisut, the language of the West Greenland Inuit. He went on to publish a Kalaallisut\u2013Danish\u2013 Latin dictionary (1750), a revised Kalaallisut catechism (1756), and a Kalaallisut grammar (1760), as well as a number of other books concerning the language. Paul Egede died in Copenhagen in 1789, having published in that year his journal of his life in Greenland.", "The country has a 100% literacy rate. As the Western Greenlandic standard has become dominant, a UNESCO report has labelled the other dialects as endangered, and measures are now being considered to protect the Eastern Greenlandic dialect. Kalaallisut and the other Greenlandic dialects belong to the Eskimo\u2013Aleut family and are closely related to the Inuit languages of Canada and Alaska. Illustration 1 shows the locations of the different Eskimoan languages, among them the three main dialects of Greenlandic. The most prominent Greenlandic dialect is West Greenlandic \"(Kalaallisut),\" which is the official language of Greenland. The name \"Kalaallisut\" is often used as a cover term for all of Greenlandic. The northern dialect, \"Inuktun (Avanersuarmiutut),\" spoken in the vicinity of the city of Qaanaaq (Thule), is particularly closely related to Canadian Inuktitut. The eastern dialect \"(Tunumiit oraasiat)\", spoken in the vicinity of Ammassalik Island and Ittoqqortoormiit, is the most innovative of the Greenlandic dialects, having assimilated consonant clusters and vowel sequences to a greater extent than West Greenlandic. Kalaallisut is further divided into four subdialects. One that is spoken around Upernavik has certain similarities to East Greenlandic, possibly because of a previous migration from eastern Greenland. A second dialect is spoken in the region of Uummannaq and the Disko Bay. The standard language is based on the central Kalaallisut dialect spoken in Sisimiut in the north, around Nuuk and as far south as Maniitsoq. Southern Kalaallisut is spoken around Narsaq and Qaqortoq in the south."], "answer": {"text": "In the United States, the Navajo language is the most spoken Native American language,", "answer_start": 703}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which language was typically spoken?", "answer": {"text": "The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages,", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the cultures like?", "answer": {"text": "Several indigenous cultures of the Americas had also developed their own writing systems, the best known being the Maya script.", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this developed?", "answer": {"text": "These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Greenland speak a certain language?", "answer": {"text": "Greenland in 2009 adopted Kalaallisut as its sole official language.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Many indigenous languages have become critically endangered,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bd1d04088ee4dda9a7b02eca0709168_1_q#7", "question": "Did other backgrounds pick to use the Navajo language or just the United States?", "rewrite": "Did other backgrounds pick to use the Navajo language in addition to the United States?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Over 150 public, private and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools serve Nation students from kindergarten through high school. Most schools are funded from the Navajo Nation under the Johnson O\u2019Malley program. The Nation runs community Head Start Programs, the only educational program fully operated by the Navajo Nation government. Post-secondary education and vocational training are available on and off the territory. The Navajo Nation operates Ts\u00e9hootsoo\u00ed Din\u00e9 Bi'\u00f3lta', a Navajo language immersion school for grades K-8 in Fort Defiance, Arizona. Located on the Arizona-New Mexico border in the southeastern quarter of the Navajo Nation, the school strives to revitalize Navajo among children of the Window Rock Unified School District. Ts\u00e9hootsoo\u00ed Din\u00e9 Bi'\u00f3lta' has thirteen Navajo language teachers who instruct only in the Navajo language, and no English, while five English language teachers instruct in the English language. Kindergarten and first grade are taught completely in the Navajo language, while English is incorporated into the program during third grade, when it is used for about 10% of instruction. The Nation has six systems of secondary academic institutions that serve Navajo students, including: The Navajo Nation operates Din\u00e9 College, a two-year community college with its main campus at Tsaile in Apache County, Arizona. The college also operates seven other sub-campuses throughout the nation. The Navajo Nation Council founded the college in 1968 as the first tribal college in the United States. Since then, tribal colleges had been established on numerous reservations and now total 32. Din\u00e9 College has 1,830 students enrolled, of which 210 are degree-seeking transfer students for four-year institutions. The college includes the Center for Din\u00e9 Studies.", "Navajo The Navajo (; British English: Navaho, or \"\") are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States. At more than 300,000 enrolled tribal members , the Navajo Nation is the second-largest federally recognized tribe in the U.S. (the Cherokee Nation being the largest) and has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,000 square miles of land in Arizona, Utah and New Mexico. The Navajo language is spoken throughout the region, and most Navajo also speak English. The states with the largest Navajo populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,306). More than three-quarters of the enrolled Navajo population resides in these two states. Besides the Navajo Nation proper, a small group of ethnic Navajos are members of the federally recognized Colorado River Indian Tribes. The Navajo are speakers of a Na-Den\u00e9 Southern Athabaskan language they call \"Din\u00e9 bizaad\" (lit. ' People's language'). The language comprises two geographic, mutually intelligible dialects. The Apache language is closely related to the Navajo language; the Navajo and Apache are believed to have migrated from northwestern Canada and eastern Alaska, where the majority of Athabaskan speakers reside. Speakers of various other Athabaskan languages located in Canada may still comprehend the Navajo language despite the geographic and linguistic deviation of the languages. Additionally, some Navajo speak Navajo Sign Language, which is either a dialect or daughter of Plains Sign Talk. Some also speak Plains Sign Talk itself. Archaeological and historical evidence suggests the Athabaskan ancestors of the Navajo and Apache entered the Southwest around 1400 CE. The Navajo oral tradition is transcribed to retain references to this migration. Until contact with the Pueblo and the Spanish peoples, the Navajo were largely hunters and gatherers.", "While working at the Southwestern Range and Sheepbreeding Laboratory in Fort Wingate, New Mexico, he became acquainted with William Morgan, a Navajo fellow worker and native of the city. Together in 1937 they published a practical orthography of Navajo. In the early 1940s Young joined the Bureau of Indian Affairs, where he worked in the Southwest at the Navajo Agency in Window Rock, Arizona. Morgan also joined the BIA, and the two worked together for decades on the Navajo language, making it the most documented indigenous language in the United States. As a linguist, Young worked primarily on programs related to analyzing and expanding documentation of the Navajo language, encouraging its written use, and education in the language. He collaborated with Navajo scholar William Morgan on all his major projects. From the 1940s through the 1950s, they produced a variety of reading materials in Navajo, and three \"important works on lexicon and grammar. \" The first was a dictionary, \"The Navajo Language\" (1943), organized by root, as one of the principal elements in the verbs of the Athabaskan languages. In 1943 Young and Morgan became editors of the first Navajo-language newspaper, \"\u00c1dahoon\u00ed\u0142\u00edg\u00ed\u00ed\", published by the Navajo Agency. It was the second newspaper to be published in a Native American language, after the \"Cherokee Phoenix\", which was founded in 1828 and published through 1834 (it was revived intermittently and began regular publication again in the late 20th century, including online). The newspaper \"\u00c1dahoon\u00ed\u0142\u00edg\u00ed\u00ed\" was published through the late 1950s. Their work was interrupted by World War II. Young served a stint in the Marine Corps and during this period, he worked on the Navajo Code Talker project. They developed a code based on the Navajo language for high-level communications.", "Navajo-speaking soldiers were recruited for such communications of intelligence, and no enemy was ever able to break this code. Returning to the BIA, Young continued to work with Morgan and other Navajo. They published \"The Function and Significance of Certain Navajo Particles\" (1948) and \"A Vocabulary of Colloquial Navajo\" (1951), which was an English to Navajo dictionary. They also published \"Navajo Historical Selections\" (1954), Phoenix: Bureau of Indian Affairs. Upon his retirement from the BIA in 1971, Young became an adjunct professor of Linguistics at the University of New Mexico. He continued his work with Morgan, until Morgan's death. In 1980 and 1987, they published \"The Navajo Language: A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary\" (\"TNL\"), representing \"a huge increase in descriptive coverage\" of the language. The 1987 edition of \"TNL\" is the primary reference grammar of Navajo. Young, Morgan and Sally Midgette also produced the \"Analytical Lexicon of Navajo\" (1992), organizes the lexicon by roots and stems, one of the primary elements in the verbs of the language. In July 1996, Robert Young and William Morgan were honored in the Navajo Nation Council Chambers for their work on the Navajo language. The two were presented with Pendleton blankets embroidered with the seal of the Navajo Nation by members of the Navajo Language Academy, including Paul Platero, Ellavina Perkins, Alyse Neundorf, and MaryAnn Willie. The Academy was founded that year and formally incorporated in 1999, to train teachers in scientific study of the Navajo language. In January 2006, the Linguistic Society of America honored Robert Young, then 93, at their Annual Meeting, presenting him with the Kenneth Hale Award, stating: \"\"The Navajo Language\" is remarkable for its structure and the robustness of its documentation.", "Navajo Language Academy The Navajo Language Academy (NLA; Navajo \"Din\u00e9 Bizaad Naalkaah\") is a non-profit educational and advocacy organization which focuses on the Navajo language. The NLA organizes efforts of linguists and language instructors to train teachers of Navajo. Summer workshops on the Navajo language, applied linguistics, and general linguistics have been offered every summer since 1997. Undergraduate-level courses are offered for college credit. The NLA differs from such related organizations as the Navajo Nation Division of Din\u00e9 Education, Din\u00e9 College, and the Navajo Language Teachers Association in focusing on scientific research on the Navajo language and on teaching Navajo people, especially language teachers, how to carry out linguistic research and to use existing reference materials. The Board of Directors of the NLA includes Navajo linguist Ellavina Perkins. The NLA maintains a comprehensive bibliography on Navajo linguistics, available on its web site, and holds the archive of the Navajo material of linguist Ken Hale."], "answer": {"text": "Neither the Germans nor Japanese ever deciphered the Navajo code, which was a code using the Navajo language.", "answer_start": 998}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the background of the Indigenous languages of the Americas?", "answer": {"text": "various peoples in North and South America prior to their first contact with Europeans. These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which language was typically spoken?", "answer": {"text": "The Europeans also suppressed use of indigenous American languages,", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the cultures like?", "answer": {"text": "Several indigenous cultures of the Americas had also developed their own writing systems, the best known being the Maya script.", "answer_start": 355, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this developed?", "answer": {"text": "These encounters occurred between the beginning of the 11th century (with the Nordic settlement of Greenland and failed efforts in Newfoundland and Labrador) and the end of the 15th century", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Greenland speak a certain language?", "answer": {"text": "Greenland in 2009 adopted Kalaallisut as its sole official language.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Many indigenous languages have become critically endangered,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Do they practice some languages more than others?", "answer": {"text": "In the United States, the Navajo language is the most spoken Native American language,", "answer_start": 703, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#0", "question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "rewrite": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth is a 1992 American horror film and third installment in the \"Hellraiser\" series. It was directed by Anthony Hickox and stars Doug Bradley, Terry Farrell, Paula Marshall, and Kevin Bernhardt. Ashley Laurence, who starred in the previous two films, has a cameo. Following the events of \"\", in which the demon Pinhead (Bradley) is imprisoned in a statue, he resurrects himself by absorbing the life force of unlucky humans. After converting several power-hungry youths (Marshall and Bernhardt) into new Cenobites, Pinhead goes on a rampage, opposed by a reporter (Farrell) and the spiritual manifestation of his good half (also Bradley). Series creator Clive Barker reprised his role as executive producer, though he was largely uninvolved until post-production. It was the first \"Hellraiser\" film to be filmed outside the United Kingdom and the first Miramax release under its Dimension Films banner. The film's reception on release was better than the previous film, and it grossed $12.5 million in the US. It was followed by \"\", which was the last film in the series to be theatrically released. The revelation of his own former humanity in \"\" causes Pinhead, a demon called a Cenobite, to be split into two entities: his former self, World War I British Army Captain Elliot Spencer, and a manifestation of Spencer's id, which takes on the form of Pinhead. While Spencer ends up in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, among the writhing figures and distorted faces etched into the surface of an intricately carved pillar \u2014 the Pillar of Souls. J. P. Monroe, the womanizing owner of a popular nightclub called The Boiler Room, buys the pillar.", "According to Clive Barker, as the writing of the Hellraiser script took place during the height of the A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and Halloween film series, his intended portrayal of Pinhead as an articulate and intelligent character was initially not well received by the producers: some suggested that Pinhead should act more like Freddy Krueger and crack jokes, while others suggested that he be a silent character like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. Barker insisted that Pinhead's personality be more evocative of Christopher Lee's portrayal of Count Dracula: \"Part of the chill of Dracula surely lies in the fact that he is very clearly and articulately aware of what he is doing - you feel that this is a penetrating intelligence - and I don't find dumb things terribly scary - I find intelligence scary, particularly twisted intelligence; it's one of the reasons why Hannibal Lecter is scary, isn't it? It's because you always feel that he's going to be three jumps ahead of you.\" Though described by Pinhead's human half in Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as being \"very persuasive and very inventive\", Pinhead prefers using coercive methods in order to obtain his goals, a fact which brings him into conflict with his ally, the demon Princess Angelique. Pinhead can be reasoned and bargained with. In both Hellraiser and Hellraiser: Hellseeker, Kirsty Cotton bargains with Pinhead to offer him more \"souls\" in exchange for her own (in particular, her human adversaries), thus resulting in her life being spared.", "In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\"", "Upon learning of Dr. Merchant's intentions, they kill the entire crew of the ship, save for Rimmer and Paul, who escape. Paul reveals that the Minos is, in fact, the final, perfected form of the Elysium Configuration, and that by activating it, he can kill Pinhead and permanently seal the gateway to Hell. Paul distracts Pinhead with a hologram while he boards an escape pod with Rimmer. Once clear of the station, he activates the Elysium Configuration. A series of powerful lasers and mirrors create a field of perpetual light, while the station transforms and folds around the light to create a massive box. The light is trapped within the box, killing Pinhead and his followers, thus ending Pinhead's existence, this time, permanently. Clive Barker, acting as executive producer, wanted a fresh turn for the series after two sequels to his original 1987 film. The initial premise for the film, a shape-changing structure used to trap Pinhead, was inspired by the ending of \"Hellraiser III\", which featured a building whose architecture resembled the Lament Configuration. Barker suggested a three-part film set in different time periods, and Peter Atkins added the Lemarchand storyline, going back to Barker's novella. Atkins had previously written \"Hellraiser II\" and co-written \"Hellraiser III\". Atkins and Barker pitched the idea to Miramax, who greenlit it without requiring an outline. In \"The Hellraiser Films and Their Legacy\", author Paul Kane described the screenplay as ambitious and \"one of the best of the \"Hellraiser\" sequels\". This screenplay featured a linear timeline, more special effects, and violent confrontations between Pinhead and Angelique. When Miramax was unwilling to provide a budget to realize these scenes, the film was scaled back.", "Between 1989 and 1992, Epic published twenty regular series comics. They also published three special issues from 1992 to 1994, one being a holiday special, in addition to an adaptation of \"Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth\" and a collection of the first two issues. Other releases included the limited series Clive Barker's \"Book of the Damned\" and \"Pinhead\", as well as the crossovers \"Hellraiser vs. Nightbreed: Jihad\" and \"Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell\". The following series were released by Epic Comics: In December, 2010, Boom! Studios announced they would be publishing a new \"Hellraiser\" series, written by Clive Barker and Christopher Monfette, beginning March 2011, and would also be reprinting select Epic Comics under the title \"Hellraiser: Masterworks\". The following series were released by Boom! Studios: Seraphim Incorporated, a graphic novel imprint headed by Clive Barker, began publishing a series of original graphic novels titled \"Hellraiser: Anthology\" in 2017. They are collections of stories taking place within the \"Hellraiser\" universe hailing from various creators, including Barker himself. There have been two non-fiction books released that chronicle the \"Hellraiser\" films. The first, released on 21 May 2004, was published by Titan Books and titled \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\". Written by Peter Atkins and Stephen Jones, with a foreword by Clive Barker, \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\" is a collection of production photographs, design sketches, excerpts from the scripts, and interviews with the cast and crew. The next book, \"The Hellraiser Films And Their Legacy\", was released by McFarland & Company on 27 November 2006; it was written by Paul Kane, and features foreword by Pinhead actor Doug Bradley. \""], "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article aside from Pinhead's weaknesses?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\"", "An ambitious young television reporter, Joey Summerskill, sees hooked chains embedded in a teenage clubgoer in a hospital emergency room. They come to life and tear the clubgoer to pieces. A young homeless woman, Terri, who came in with the clubgoer explains that the chains sprang from the puzzle box, which she pried from the pillar. Terri gives the puzzle box to Joey. While investigating the box's background with the help of her cameraman, \"Doc\", Joey invites Terri to stay with her. Joey uncovers a video tape from one of Pinhead's former victims, Kirsty Cotton, that explains the puzzle box is the only means of returning Pinhead to Hell. Pinhead remains dormant until Monroe has sex with a clubgoer, Sandy. Hooked chains drag Sandy to the pillar, and Pinhead absorbs her body. Pinhead points out that they have both used Sandy for their own purposes. Although initially horrified, Monroe agrees to bring Pinhead more club members so he can feed on them and be freed. In return, Pinhead promises Monroe power and unnatural delights. Joey has recurring nightmares about how she presumes her father died in Vietnam. During one such dream, Spencer contacts Joey. He explains that his experiences in WWI caused him to lose faith in humanity, and he sought out the forbidden pleasures promised by the puzzle box. Spencer tells her that without his humanity to act as a balancing influence, Pinhead is completely evil and will indiscriminately wreak havoc on Earth for his own pleasure, in violation of the Cenobite's laws. To defeat him, Joey must reunite Spencer's spirit with Pinhead and use the puzzle box to return him to Hell. A misunderstanding leads Terri to believe that Joey has abandoned her, and she returns to the arms of her ex-boyfriend, Monroe.", "Seeing an article on the building in a magazine, Angelique asks Jacques to take her to the United States so that she can confront him. When Jacques denies her request, Angelique kills him, as Merchant poses a threat to Hell. Angelique travels to the United States, where she fails to seduce Merchant. Discovering the Lament Configuration in the building's foundation, Angelique tricks a security guard into solving it, which summons Pinhead. The two immediately clash, as Pinhead represents a shift in the ideologies of Hell, which she left behind two hundred years ago: while Angelique believes in corrupting people through temptation, Pinhead is fanatically devoted to pain and suffering. Despite their conflicting views, the pair forge an uneasy alliance to kill Merchant before he can complete The Elysium Configuration, an anti-Lament Configuration that creates perpetual light and would serve to permanently close all gateways to Hell. Angelique and Pinhead initially collaborate to corrupt Merchant, but Pinhead grows tired of Angelique's seductive techniques and threatens to kill Merchant's wife and child. Having grown accustomed to a decadent life on Earth, Angelique wants no part of Hell's new fanatical austerity, and she intends to force Merchant to activate the Elysium Configuration and destroy Hell, thus freeing her from its imperatives. However, Merchant's flawed prototype fails. Pinhead kills Merchant, but his wife opens Angelique's Lament Configuration, sending Pinhead and Angelique back to Hell. In 2127, Rimmer disbelieves Dr. Merchant's story and has him locked away. However, Pinhead and his followers\u2014now including an enslaved Angelique\u2014have already been freed after Merchant opened the box.", "Monroe attempts to feed her to Pinhead, but she overpowers him. Before she can flee, Pinhead talks her into feeding Monroe to him, promising to turn her into a demon in return. Now free, Pinhead massacres the club's patrons. Hearing the news reports, Joey goes to the club to investigate. Pinhead orders Joey to give him the box, but she escapes him. Pinhead resurrects several of his victims as demonic Cenobites, including Terri, Monroe, the barman, the DJ, and \"Doc\", who also left to investigate the club. Joey flees through the quiet streets, pursued by the new Cenobites. The Cenobites kill local police as Joey enters a church and begs the priest to help her. Lacking in faith that demons could exist, the priest is appalled by the appearance of Pinhead. Pinhead defiles the church and kills the priest. The Cenobites trap Joey on a construction site and prepare to torture her. She solves the puzzle box, and they are sent to Hell. The box transports Joey into limbo, where she comes face to face with an apparition who appears to be her dead father. The apparition tells Joey to give him the puzzle box, only to be revealed as Pinhead in disguise. Pinhead ensnares her in machinery and prepares to transform her into a Cenobite. Spencer's limbo-bound spirit confronts Pinhead and forcibly fuses himself into Pinhead. Joey breaks free and uses the puzzle box, which has transformed into a dagger, to stab Pinhead through the heart, sending him back to Hell. With Pinhead's humanity restored, the box returns Joey to Earth. She buries it in a pool of concrete at the construction site.", "In 1988, a sequel titled \"\" follows Dr. Philip Channard (Kenneth Cranham) as he resurrects Julia, who was stuck in Hell with the Cenobites. Kirsty is pulled back into the Cenobite world, where the demons decide to keep her, but, having discovered the human identity of the Cenobites earlier, Kirsty appeals to their latent humanity, specifically the Cenobite leader Pinhead (Doug Bradley). Pinhead decides to release her, but he and his followers are killed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite himself. With the help of a teenage girl, Tiffany (Imogen Boorman), who unknowingly assisted Channard in opening the box, Kirsty and Tiffany escape the Cenobite world and close the gateway behind them. In \"\" (1992), the revelation of Pinhead's humanity has resulted in a schism, splitting him in two\u2014his human self, World War I veteran Elliot Spencer, and Pinhead, now a living embodiment of Spencer's id. While Spencer is trapped in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, in the surface of an intricately carved pillar, a relic of the Cenobite realm. The pillar is purchased by a night club owner, J.P. Monroe (Kevin Bernhardt), who begins assisting Pinhead in his resurrection. A television reporter, Joey Summerskill (Terry Farrell), begins to learn about Pinhead and the puzzle box, which leads her to Monroe's night club. Pinhead is eventually resurrected, and begins creating new Cenobite followers in an effort to establish Hell on Earth. Joey manages to reunite Spencer and Pinhead, fusing them back into one entity, and is able to use the puzzle box to send Pinhead back to his dimension."], "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#2", "question": "What were Pinhead's limitations?", "rewrite": "What were Pinhead's limitations?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\"", "An ambitious young television reporter, Joey Summerskill, sees hooked chains embedded in a teenage clubgoer in a hospital emergency room. They come to life and tear the clubgoer to pieces. A young homeless woman, Terri, who came in with the clubgoer explains that the chains sprang from the puzzle box, which she pried from the pillar. Terri gives the puzzle box to Joey. While investigating the box's background with the help of her cameraman, \"Doc\", Joey invites Terri to stay with her. Joey uncovers a video tape from one of Pinhead's former victims, Kirsty Cotton, that explains the puzzle box is the only means of returning Pinhead to Hell. Pinhead remains dormant until Monroe has sex with a clubgoer, Sandy. Hooked chains drag Sandy to the pillar, and Pinhead absorbs her body. Pinhead points out that they have both used Sandy for their own purposes. Although initially horrified, Monroe agrees to bring Pinhead more club members so he can feed on them and be freed. In return, Pinhead promises Monroe power and unnatural delights. Joey has recurring nightmares about how she presumes her father died in Vietnam. During one such dream, Spencer contacts Joey. He explains that his experiences in WWI caused him to lose faith in humanity, and he sought out the forbidden pleasures promised by the puzzle box. Spencer tells her that without his humanity to act as a balancing influence, Pinhead is completely evil and will indiscriminately wreak havoc on Earth for his own pleasure, in violation of the Cenobite's laws. To defeat him, Joey must reunite Spencer's spirit with Pinhead and use the puzzle box to return him to Hell. A misunderstanding leads Terri to believe that Joey has abandoned her, and she returns to the arms of her ex-boyfriend, Monroe.", "Monroe attempts to feed her to Pinhead, but she overpowers him. Before she can flee, Pinhead talks her into feeding Monroe to him, promising to turn her into a demon in return. Now free, Pinhead massacres the club's patrons. Hearing the news reports, Joey goes to the club to investigate. Pinhead orders Joey to give him the box, but she escapes him. Pinhead resurrects several of his victims as demonic Cenobites, including Terri, Monroe, the barman, the DJ, and \"Doc\", who also left to investigate the club. Joey flees through the quiet streets, pursued by the new Cenobites. The Cenobites kill local police as Joey enters a church and begs the priest to help her. Lacking in faith that demons could exist, the priest is appalled by the appearance of Pinhead. Pinhead defiles the church and kills the priest. The Cenobites trap Joey on a construction site and prepare to torture her. She solves the puzzle box, and they are sent to Hell. The box transports Joey into limbo, where she comes face to face with an apparition who appears to be her dead father. The apparition tells Joey to give him the puzzle box, only to be revealed as Pinhead in disguise. Pinhead ensnares her in machinery and prepares to transform her into a Cenobite. Spencer's limbo-bound spirit confronts Pinhead and forcibly fuses himself into Pinhead. Joey breaks free and uses the puzzle box, which has transformed into a dagger, to stab Pinhead through the heart, sending him back to Hell. With Pinhead's humanity restored, the box returns Joey to Earth. She buries it in a pool of concrete at the construction site.", "Seeing an article on the building in a magazine, Angelique asks Jacques to take her to the United States so that she can confront him. When Jacques denies her request, Angelique kills him, as Merchant poses a threat to Hell. Angelique travels to the United States, where she fails to seduce Merchant. Discovering the Lament Configuration in the building's foundation, Angelique tricks a security guard into solving it, which summons Pinhead. The two immediately clash, as Pinhead represents a shift in the ideologies of Hell, which she left behind two hundred years ago: while Angelique believes in corrupting people through temptation, Pinhead is fanatically devoted to pain and suffering. Despite their conflicting views, the pair forge an uneasy alliance to kill Merchant before he can complete The Elysium Configuration, an anti-Lament Configuration that creates perpetual light and would serve to permanently close all gateways to Hell. Angelique and Pinhead initially collaborate to corrupt Merchant, but Pinhead grows tired of Angelique's seductive techniques and threatens to kill Merchant's wife and child. Having grown accustomed to a decadent life on Earth, Angelique wants no part of Hell's new fanatical austerity, and she intends to force Merchant to activate the Elysium Configuration and destroy Hell, thus freeing her from its imperatives. However, Merchant's flawed prototype fails. Pinhead kills Merchant, but his wife opens Angelique's Lament Configuration, sending Pinhead and Angelique back to Hell. In 2127, Rimmer disbelieves Dr. Merchant's story and has him locked away. However, Pinhead and his followers\u2014now including an enslaved Angelique\u2014have already been freed after Merchant opened the box.", "In 1988, a sequel titled \"\" follows Dr. Philip Channard (Kenneth Cranham) as he resurrects Julia, who was stuck in Hell with the Cenobites. Kirsty is pulled back into the Cenobite world, where the demons decide to keep her, but, having discovered the human identity of the Cenobites earlier, Kirsty appeals to their latent humanity, specifically the Cenobite leader Pinhead (Doug Bradley). Pinhead decides to release her, but he and his followers are killed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite himself. With the help of a teenage girl, Tiffany (Imogen Boorman), who unknowingly assisted Channard in opening the box, Kirsty and Tiffany escape the Cenobite world and close the gateway behind them. In \"\" (1992), the revelation of Pinhead's humanity has resulted in a schism, splitting him in two\u2014his human self, World War I veteran Elliot Spencer, and Pinhead, now a living embodiment of Spencer's id. While Spencer is trapped in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, in the surface of an intricately carved pillar, a relic of the Cenobite realm. The pillar is purchased by a night club owner, J.P. Monroe (Kevin Bernhardt), who begins assisting Pinhead in his resurrection. A television reporter, Joey Summerskill (Terry Farrell), begins to learn about Pinhead and the puzzle box, which leads her to Monroe's night club. Pinhead is eventually resurrected, and begins creating new Cenobite followers in an effort to establish Hell on Earth. Joey manages to reunite Spencer and Pinhead, fusing them back into one entity, and is able to use the puzzle box to send Pinhead back to his dimension."], "answer": {"text": "Peter Atkins described as him being \"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 139}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#3", "question": "What other kind of illusions did he have?", "rewrite": "What other kind of illusions did Pinhead have aside from creating objects out of thin air?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["An ambitious young television reporter, Joey Summerskill, sees hooked chains embedded in a teenage clubgoer in a hospital emergency room. They come to life and tear the clubgoer to pieces. A young homeless woman, Terri, who came in with the clubgoer explains that the chains sprang from the puzzle box, which she pried from the pillar. Terri gives the puzzle box to Joey. While investigating the box's background with the help of her cameraman, \"Doc\", Joey invites Terri to stay with her. Joey uncovers a video tape from one of Pinhead's former victims, Kirsty Cotton, that explains the puzzle box is the only means of returning Pinhead to Hell. Pinhead remains dormant until Monroe has sex with a clubgoer, Sandy. Hooked chains drag Sandy to the pillar, and Pinhead absorbs her body. Pinhead points out that they have both used Sandy for their own purposes. Although initially horrified, Monroe agrees to bring Pinhead more club members so he can feed on them and be freed. In return, Pinhead promises Monroe power and unnatural delights. Joey has recurring nightmares about how she presumes her father died in Vietnam. During one such dream, Spencer contacts Joey. He explains that his experiences in WWI caused him to lose faith in humanity, and he sought out the forbidden pleasures promised by the puzzle box. Spencer tells her that without his humanity to act as a balancing influence, Pinhead is completely evil and will indiscriminately wreak havoc on Earth for his own pleasure, in violation of the Cenobite's laws. To defeat him, Joey must reunite Spencer's spirit with Pinhead and use the puzzle box to return him to Hell. A misunderstanding leads Terri to believe that Joey has abandoned her, and she returns to the arms of her ex-boyfriend, Monroe.", "In 1988, a sequel titled \"\" follows Dr. Philip Channard (Kenneth Cranham) as he resurrects Julia, who was stuck in Hell with the Cenobites. Kirsty is pulled back into the Cenobite world, where the demons decide to keep her, but, having discovered the human identity of the Cenobites earlier, Kirsty appeals to their latent humanity, specifically the Cenobite leader Pinhead (Doug Bradley). Pinhead decides to release her, but he and his followers are killed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite himself. With the help of a teenage girl, Tiffany (Imogen Boorman), who unknowingly assisted Channard in opening the box, Kirsty and Tiffany escape the Cenobite world and close the gateway behind them. In \"\" (1992), the revelation of Pinhead's humanity has resulted in a schism, splitting him in two\u2014his human self, World War I veteran Elliot Spencer, and Pinhead, now a living embodiment of Spencer's id. While Spencer is trapped in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, in the surface of an intricately carved pillar, a relic of the Cenobite realm. The pillar is purchased by a night club owner, J.P. Monroe (Kevin Bernhardt), who begins assisting Pinhead in his resurrection. A television reporter, Joey Summerskill (Terry Farrell), begins to learn about Pinhead and the puzzle box, which leads her to Monroe's night club. Pinhead is eventually resurrected, and begins creating new Cenobite followers in an effort to establish Hell on Earth. Joey manages to reunite Spencer and Pinhead, fusing them back into one entity, and is able to use the puzzle box to send Pinhead back to his dimension.", "Factory method pattern In class-based programming, the factory method pattern is a creational pattern that uses factory methods to deal with the problem of creating objects without having to specify the exact class of the object that will be created. This is done by creating objects by calling a factory method\u2014either specified in an interface and implemented by child classes, or implemented in a base class and optionally overridden by derived classes\u2014rather than by calling a constructor. The Factory Method design pattern is one of the \"\"Gang of Four\" design patterns\" that describe how to solve recurring design problems to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, that is, objects that are easier to implement, change, test, and reuse. The Factory Method design pattern is used instead of the regular class constructor for keeping within the SOLID principle of programming, decoupling the construction of objects from the objects themselves. This has the following advantages and is useful for the following cases, among others: Creating an object directly within the class that requires or uses the object is inflexible because it commits the class to a particular object and makes it impossible to change the instantiation independently of the class. A change to the instantiator would require a change to the class code which we would rather not touch. This is referred to as \"code coupling\" and the Factory method pattern assists in \"decoupling\" the code. The Factory Method design pattern is used by first defining a separate operation, a \"factory method\", for creating an object, and then using this \"factory method\" by calling it to create the object. This enables writing of subclasses that decide how a parent object is created and what type of objects the parent contains.<br> See the UML class diagram below. \"Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate.", "Monroe attempts to feed her to Pinhead, but she overpowers him. Before she can flee, Pinhead talks her into feeding Monroe to him, promising to turn her into a demon in return. Now free, Pinhead massacres the club's patrons. Hearing the news reports, Joey goes to the club to investigate. Pinhead orders Joey to give him the box, but she escapes him. Pinhead resurrects several of his victims as demonic Cenobites, including Terri, Monroe, the barman, the DJ, and \"Doc\", who also left to investigate the club. Joey flees through the quiet streets, pursued by the new Cenobites. The Cenobites kill local police as Joey enters a church and begs the priest to help her. Lacking in faith that demons could exist, the priest is appalled by the appearance of Pinhead. Pinhead defiles the church and kills the priest. The Cenobites trap Joey on a construction site and prepare to torture her. She solves the puzzle box, and they are sent to Hell. The box transports Joey into limbo, where she comes face to face with an apparition who appears to be her dead father. The apparition tells Joey to give him the puzzle box, only to be revealed as Pinhead in disguise. Pinhead ensnares her in machinery and prepares to transform her into a Cenobite. Spencer's limbo-bound spirit confronts Pinhead and forcibly fuses himself into Pinhead. Joey breaks free and uses the puzzle box, which has transformed into a dagger, to stab Pinhead through the heart, sending him back to Hell. With Pinhead's humanity restored, the box returns Joey to Earth. She buries it in a pool of concrete at the construction site.", "Described by Doug Bradley as stronger than Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers, Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities. His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart. These chains are subject to his total mental control and he may direct them at will. The chains may even change shape after having attached to a victim. Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons. His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions. He is capable of creating other cenobites from both living and dead victims. In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration, though this in itself is not usually enough for Pinhead to target the puzzle-solver: in Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Pinhead stops the Cenobites from torturing an emotionally traumatised girl who was manipulated as a proxy into opening the Configuration, remarking \"...it is not hands that call us, it is desire.\" In Hell on Earth, he temporarily eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters until he is finally defeated when Spencer willingly merges with Pinhead once again, the combination binding Pinhead as Spencer keeps his extremes in check. During this incident his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will."], "answer": {"text": "Pinhead at first has no memory of his human past, though is reminded of it in Hellbound: Hellraiser II,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were Pinhead's limitations?", "answer": {"text": "Peter Atkins described as him being \"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#4", "question": "What kind of powers did Pinhead have?", "rewrite": "What kind of powers did Pinhead have?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Described by Doug Bradley as stronger than Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers, Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities. His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart. These chains are subject to his total mental control and he may direct them at will. The chains may even change shape after having attached to a victim. Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons. His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions. He is capable of creating other cenobites from both living and dead victims. In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration, though this in itself is not usually enough for Pinhead to target the puzzle-solver: in Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Pinhead stops the Cenobites from torturing an emotionally traumatised girl who was manipulated as a proxy into opening the Configuration, remarking \"...it is not hands that call us, it is desire.\" In Hell on Earth, he temporarily eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters until he is finally defeated when Spencer willingly merges with Pinhead once again, the combination binding Pinhead as Spencer keeps his extremes in check. During this incident his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "In 1988, a sequel titled \"\" follows Dr. Philip Channard (Kenneth Cranham) as he resurrects Julia, who was stuck in Hell with the Cenobites. Kirsty is pulled back into the Cenobite world, where the demons decide to keep her, but, having discovered the human identity of the Cenobites earlier, Kirsty appeals to their latent humanity, specifically the Cenobite leader Pinhead (Doug Bradley). Pinhead decides to release her, but he and his followers are killed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite himself. With the help of a teenage girl, Tiffany (Imogen Boorman), who unknowingly assisted Channard in opening the box, Kirsty and Tiffany escape the Cenobite world and close the gateway behind them. In \"\" (1992), the revelation of Pinhead's humanity has resulted in a schism, splitting him in two\u2014his human self, World War I veteran Elliot Spencer, and Pinhead, now a living embodiment of Spencer's id. While Spencer is trapped in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, in the surface of an intricately carved pillar, a relic of the Cenobite realm. The pillar is purchased by a night club owner, J.P. Monroe (Kevin Bernhardt), who begins assisting Pinhead in his resurrection. A television reporter, Joey Summerskill (Terry Farrell), begins to learn about Pinhead and the puzzle box, which leads her to Monroe's night club. Pinhead is eventually resurrected, and begins creating new Cenobite followers in an effort to establish Hell on Earth. Joey manages to reunite Spencer and Pinhead, fusing them back into one entity, and is able to use the puzzle box to send Pinhead back to his dimension.", "Monroe attempts to feed her to Pinhead, but she overpowers him. Before she can flee, Pinhead talks her into feeding Monroe to him, promising to turn her into a demon in return. Now free, Pinhead massacres the club's patrons. Hearing the news reports, Joey goes to the club to investigate. Pinhead orders Joey to give him the box, but she escapes him. Pinhead resurrects several of his victims as demonic Cenobites, including Terri, Monroe, the barman, the DJ, and \"Doc\", who also left to investigate the club. Joey flees through the quiet streets, pursued by the new Cenobites. The Cenobites kill local police as Joey enters a church and begs the priest to help her. Lacking in faith that demons could exist, the priest is appalled by the appearance of Pinhead. Pinhead defiles the church and kills the priest. The Cenobites trap Joey on a construction site and prepare to torture her. She solves the puzzle box, and they are sent to Hell. The box transports Joey into limbo, where she comes face to face with an apparition who appears to be her dead father. The apparition tells Joey to give him the puzzle box, only to be revealed as Pinhead in disguise. Pinhead ensnares her in machinery and prepares to transform her into a Cenobite. Spencer's limbo-bound spirit confronts Pinhead and forcibly fuses himself into Pinhead. Joey breaks free and uses the puzzle box, which has transformed into a dagger, to stab Pinhead through the heart, sending him back to Hell. With Pinhead's humanity restored, the box returns Joey to Earth. She buries it in a pool of concrete at the construction site.", "An ambitious young television reporter, Joey Summerskill, sees hooked chains embedded in a teenage clubgoer in a hospital emergency room. They come to life and tear the clubgoer to pieces. A young homeless woman, Terri, who came in with the clubgoer explains that the chains sprang from the puzzle box, which she pried from the pillar. Terri gives the puzzle box to Joey. While investigating the box's background with the help of her cameraman, \"Doc\", Joey invites Terri to stay with her. Joey uncovers a video tape from one of Pinhead's former victims, Kirsty Cotton, that explains the puzzle box is the only means of returning Pinhead to Hell. Pinhead remains dormant until Monroe has sex with a clubgoer, Sandy. Hooked chains drag Sandy to the pillar, and Pinhead absorbs her body. Pinhead points out that they have both used Sandy for their own purposes. Although initially horrified, Monroe agrees to bring Pinhead more club members so he can feed on them and be freed. In return, Pinhead promises Monroe power and unnatural delights. Joey has recurring nightmares about how she presumes her father died in Vietnam. During one such dream, Spencer contacts Joey. He explains that his experiences in WWI caused him to lose faith in humanity, and he sought out the forbidden pleasures promised by the puzzle box. Spencer tells her that without his humanity to act as a balancing influence, Pinhead is completely evil and will indiscriminately wreak havoc on Earth for his own pleasure, in violation of the Cenobite's laws. To defeat him, Joey must reunite Spencer's spirit with Pinhead and use the puzzle box to return him to Hell. A misunderstanding leads Terri to believe that Joey has abandoned her, and she returns to the arms of her ex-boyfriend, Monroe.", "Seeing an article on the building in a magazine, Angelique asks Jacques to take her to the United States so that she can confront him. When Jacques denies her request, Angelique kills him, as Merchant poses a threat to Hell. Angelique travels to the United States, where she fails to seduce Merchant. Discovering the Lament Configuration in the building's foundation, Angelique tricks a security guard into solving it, which summons Pinhead. The two immediately clash, as Pinhead represents a shift in the ideologies of Hell, which she left behind two hundred years ago: while Angelique believes in corrupting people through temptation, Pinhead is fanatically devoted to pain and suffering. Despite their conflicting views, the pair forge an uneasy alliance to kill Merchant before he can complete The Elysium Configuration, an anti-Lament Configuration that creates perpetual light and would serve to permanently close all gateways to Hell. Angelique and Pinhead initially collaborate to corrupt Merchant, but Pinhead grows tired of Angelique's seductive techniques and threatens to kill Merchant's wife and child. Having grown accustomed to a decadent life on Earth, Angelique wants no part of Hell's new fanatical austerity, and she intends to force Merchant to activate the Elysium Configuration and destroy Hell, thus freeing her from its imperatives. However, Merchant's flawed prototype fails. Pinhead kills Merchant, but his wife opens Angelique's Lament Configuration, sending Pinhead and Angelique back to Hell. In 2127, Rimmer disbelieves Dr. Merchant's story and has him locked away. However, Pinhead and his followers\u2014now including an enslaved Angelique\u2014have already been freed after Merchant opened the box."], "answer": {"text": "his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "answer_start": 1626}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were Pinhead's limitations?", "answer": {"text": "Peter Atkins described as him being \"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other kind of illusions did he have?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead at first has no memory of his human past, though is reminded of it in Hellbound: Hellraiser II,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#5", "question": "What kind of realities did he warp onto himself?", "rewrite": "What kind of realities did Pinhead warp onto himself?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Described by Doug Bradley as stronger than Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers, Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities. His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart. These chains are subject to his total mental control and he may direct them at will. The chains may even change shape after having attached to a victim. Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons. His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions. He is capable of creating other cenobites from both living and dead victims. In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration, though this in itself is not usually enough for Pinhead to target the puzzle-solver: in Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Pinhead stops the Cenobites from torturing an emotionally traumatised girl who was manipulated as a proxy into opening the Configuration, remarking \"...it is not hands that call us, it is desire.\" In Hell on Earth, he temporarily eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters until he is finally defeated when Spencer willingly merges with Pinhead once again, the combination binding Pinhead as Spencer keeps his extremes in check. During this incident his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "An ambitious young television reporter, Joey Summerskill, sees hooked chains embedded in a teenage clubgoer in a hospital emergency room. They come to life and tear the clubgoer to pieces. A young homeless woman, Terri, who came in with the clubgoer explains that the chains sprang from the puzzle box, which she pried from the pillar. Terri gives the puzzle box to Joey. While investigating the box's background with the help of her cameraman, \"Doc\", Joey invites Terri to stay with her. Joey uncovers a video tape from one of Pinhead's former victims, Kirsty Cotton, that explains the puzzle box is the only means of returning Pinhead to Hell. Pinhead remains dormant until Monroe has sex with a clubgoer, Sandy. Hooked chains drag Sandy to the pillar, and Pinhead absorbs her body. Pinhead points out that they have both used Sandy for their own purposes. Although initially horrified, Monroe agrees to bring Pinhead more club members so he can feed on them and be freed. In return, Pinhead promises Monroe power and unnatural delights. Joey has recurring nightmares about how she presumes her father died in Vietnam. During one such dream, Spencer contacts Joey. He explains that his experiences in WWI caused him to lose faith in humanity, and he sought out the forbidden pleasures promised by the puzzle box. Spencer tells her that without his humanity to act as a balancing influence, Pinhead is completely evil and will indiscriminately wreak havoc on Earth for his own pleasure, in violation of the Cenobite's laws. To defeat him, Joey must reunite Spencer's spirit with Pinhead and use the puzzle box to return him to Hell. A misunderstanding leads Terri to believe that Joey has abandoned her, and she returns to the arms of her ex-boyfriend, Monroe.", "A simple raising and lowering of threads creates a plain-weave band in which warp threads are slightly offset. Weft threads are only visible at the edges of the band and the weaver may wish to take this into account by warping threads that will form the edges in the same color as the weft. As the weaving commences, the warp threads will shorten on the loom and the weaver will need to adjust the tension periodically. As the inkle band progresses, it will also get closer to the heddles. The weaver will also need to advance the warp thread along the bottom of the loom to open up new weaving space. Helene Bress recommends loosening the tension when you are ready to advance the warp. Once you have done so, tighten the tension again and resume your weaving. There are other more advanced techniques in which, instead of merely allowing warp threads to alternate in their up or down positions, individual threads are brought to the surface to form what is called a \"pick up\" pattern. One side of the band will show the exposed surfaces of warp threads while, on the other side of the pattern, the weft thread will be visible. Using a supplemental weft thread that will come up over the top of certain warp threads, brocaded designs can also be worked into the inkle band. An inkle loom is also useful in the practice of tablet weaving for its added portability. Simply thread the warp onto the loom but use weaving cards instead of alternating between free-hanging and heddle-secured yarn. Inkle bands are quite strong and can be used in applications where a flat band is desired. Popular modern uses are guitar and camera straps, or, for particularly narrow bands, colorful shoelaces. Traditionally inkle weaving also served as belts and reins. Re-enactors use it as trim for garments and other textiles.", "In 1988, a sequel titled \"\" follows Dr. Philip Channard (Kenneth Cranham) as he resurrects Julia, who was stuck in Hell with the Cenobites. Kirsty is pulled back into the Cenobite world, where the demons decide to keep her, but, having discovered the human identity of the Cenobites earlier, Kirsty appeals to their latent humanity, specifically the Cenobite leader Pinhead (Doug Bradley). Pinhead decides to release her, but he and his followers are killed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite himself. With the help of a teenage girl, Tiffany (Imogen Boorman), who unknowingly assisted Channard in opening the box, Kirsty and Tiffany escape the Cenobite world and close the gateway behind them. In \"\" (1992), the revelation of Pinhead's humanity has resulted in a schism, splitting him in two\u2014his human self, World War I veteran Elliot Spencer, and Pinhead, now a living embodiment of Spencer's id. While Spencer is trapped in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, in the surface of an intricately carved pillar, a relic of the Cenobite realm. The pillar is purchased by a night club owner, J.P. Monroe (Kevin Bernhardt), who begins assisting Pinhead in his resurrection. A television reporter, Joey Summerskill (Terry Farrell), begins to learn about Pinhead and the puzzle box, which leads her to Monroe's night club. Pinhead is eventually resurrected, and begins creating new Cenobite followers in an effort to establish Hell on Earth. Joey manages to reunite Spencer and Pinhead, fusing them back into one entity, and is able to use the puzzle box to send Pinhead back to his dimension.", "Monroe attempts to feed her to Pinhead, but she overpowers him. Before she can flee, Pinhead talks her into feeding Monroe to him, promising to turn her into a demon in return. Now free, Pinhead massacres the club's patrons. Hearing the news reports, Joey goes to the club to investigate. Pinhead orders Joey to give him the box, but she escapes him. Pinhead resurrects several of his victims as demonic Cenobites, including Terri, Monroe, the barman, the DJ, and \"Doc\", who also left to investigate the club. Joey flees through the quiet streets, pursued by the new Cenobites. The Cenobites kill local police as Joey enters a church and begs the priest to help her. Lacking in faith that demons could exist, the priest is appalled by the appearance of Pinhead. Pinhead defiles the church and kills the priest. The Cenobites trap Joey on a construction site and prepare to torture her. She solves the puzzle box, and they are sent to Hell. The box transports Joey into limbo, where she comes face to face with an apparition who appears to be her dead father. The apparition tells Joey to give him the puzzle box, only to be revealed as Pinhead in disguise. Pinhead ensnares her in machinery and prepares to transform her into a Cenobite. Spencer's limbo-bound spirit confronts Pinhead and forcibly fuses himself into Pinhead. Joey breaks free and uses the puzzle box, which has transformed into a dagger, to stab Pinhead through the heart, sending him back to Hell. With Pinhead's humanity restored, the box returns Joey to Earth. She buries it in a pool of concrete at the construction site."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were Pinhead's limitations?", "answer": {"text": "Peter Atkins described as him being \"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other kind of illusions did he have?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead at first has no memory of his human past, though is reminded of it in Hellbound: Hellraiser II,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kind of powers did Pinhead have?", "answer": {"text": "his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "answer_start": 1626, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#6", "question": "What else can you tell me about this article?", "rewrite": "What else can you tell me about this article aside from Pinhead's talents and limitations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\"", "An ambitious young television reporter, Joey Summerskill, sees hooked chains embedded in a teenage clubgoer in a hospital emergency room. They come to life and tear the clubgoer to pieces. A young homeless woman, Terri, who came in with the clubgoer explains that the chains sprang from the puzzle box, which she pried from the pillar. Terri gives the puzzle box to Joey. While investigating the box's background with the help of her cameraman, \"Doc\", Joey invites Terri to stay with her. Joey uncovers a video tape from one of Pinhead's former victims, Kirsty Cotton, that explains the puzzle box is the only means of returning Pinhead to Hell. Pinhead remains dormant until Monroe has sex with a clubgoer, Sandy. Hooked chains drag Sandy to the pillar, and Pinhead absorbs her body. Pinhead points out that they have both used Sandy for their own purposes. Although initially horrified, Monroe agrees to bring Pinhead more club members so he can feed on them and be freed. In return, Pinhead promises Monroe power and unnatural delights. Joey has recurring nightmares about how she presumes her father died in Vietnam. During one such dream, Spencer contacts Joey. He explains that his experiences in WWI caused him to lose faith in humanity, and he sought out the forbidden pleasures promised by the puzzle box. Spencer tells her that without his humanity to act as a balancing influence, Pinhead is completely evil and will indiscriminately wreak havoc on Earth for his own pleasure, in violation of the Cenobite's laws. To defeat him, Joey must reunite Spencer's spirit with Pinhead and use the puzzle box to return him to Hell. A misunderstanding leads Terri to believe that Joey has abandoned her, and she returns to the arms of her ex-boyfriend, Monroe.", "Seeing an article on the building in a magazine, Angelique asks Jacques to take her to the United States so that she can confront him. When Jacques denies her request, Angelique kills him, as Merchant poses a threat to Hell. Angelique travels to the United States, where she fails to seduce Merchant. Discovering the Lament Configuration in the building's foundation, Angelique tricks a security guard into solving it, which summons Pinhead. The two immediately clash, as Pinhead represents a shift in the ideologies of Hell, which she left behind two hundred years ago: while Angelique believes in corrupting people through temptation, Pinhead is fanatically devoted to pain and suffering. Despite their conflicting views, the pair forge an uneasy alliance to kill Merchant before he can complete The Elysium Configuration, an anti-Lament Configuration that creates perpetual light and would serve to permanently close all gateways to Hell. Angelique and Pinhead initially collaborate to corrupt Merchant, but Pinhead grows tired of Angelique's seductive techniques and threatens to kill Merchant's wife and child. Having grown accustomed to a decadent life on Earth, Angelique wants no part of Hell's new fanatical austerity, and she intends to force Merchant to activate the Elysium Configuration and destroy Hell, thus freeing her from its imperatives. However, Merchant's flawed prototype fails. Pinhead kills Merchant, but his wife opens Angelique's Lament Configuration, sending Pinhead and Angelique back to Hell. In 2127, Rimmer disbelieves Dr. Merchant's story and has him locked away. However, Pinhead and his followers\u2014now including an enslaved Angelique\u2014have already been freed after Merchant opened the box.", "Monroe attempts to feed her to Pinhead, but she overpowers him. Before she can flee, Pinhead talks her into feeding Monroe to him, promising to turn her into a demon in return. Now free, Pinhead massacres the club's patrons. Hearing the news reports, Joey goes to the club to investigate. Pinhead orders Joey to give him the box, but she escapes him. Pinhead resurrects several of his victims as demonic Cenobites, including Terri, Monroe, the barman, the DJ, and \"Doc\", who also left to investigate the club. Joey flees through the quiet streets, pursued by the new Cenobites. The Cenobites kill local police as Joey enters a church and begs the priest to help her. Lacking in faith that demons could exist, the priest is appalled by the appearance of Pinhead. Pinhead defiles the church and kills the priest. The Cenobites trap Joey on a construction site and prepare to torture her. She solves the puzzle box, and they are sent to Hell. The box transports Joey into limbo, where she comes face to face with an apparition who appears to be her dead father. The apparition tells Joey to give him the puzzle box, only to be revealed as Pinhead in disguise. Pinhead ensnares her in machinery and prepares to transform her into a Cenobite. Spencer's limbo-bound spirit confronts Pinhead and forcibly fuses himself into Pinhead. Joey breaks free and uses the puzzle box, which has transformed into a dagger, to stab Pinhead through the heart, sending him back to Hell. With Pinhead's humanity restored, the box returns Joey to Earth. She buries it in a pool of concrete at the construction site.", "In 1988, a sequel titled \"\" follows Dr. Philip Channard (Kenneth Cranham) as he resurrects Julia, who was stuck in Hell with the Cenobites. Kirsty is pulled back into the Cenobite world, where the demons decide to keep her, but, having discovered the human identity of the Cenobites earlier, Kirsty appeals to their latent humanity, specifically the Cenobite leader Pinhead (Doug Bradley). Pinhead decides to release her, but he and his followers are killed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite himself. With the help of a teenage girl, Tiffany (Imogen Boorman), who unknowingly assisted Channard in opening the box, Kirsty and Tiffany escape the Cenobite world and close the gateway behind them. In \"\" (1992), the revelation of Pinhead's humanity has resulted in a schism, splitting him in two\u2014his human self, World War I veteran Elliot Spencer, and Pinhead, now a living embodiment of Spencer's id. While Spencer is trapped in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, in the surface of an intricately carved pillar, a relic of the Cenobite realm. The pillar is purchased by a night club owner, J.P. Monroe (Kevin Bernhardt), who begins assisting Pinhead in his resurrection. A television reporter, Joey Summerskill (Terry Farrell), begins to learn about Pinhead and the puzzle box, which leads her to Monroe's night club. Pinhead is eventually resurrected, and begins creating new Cenobite followers in an effort to establish Hell on Earth. Joey manages to reunite Spencer and Pinhead, fusing them back into one entity, and is able to use the puzzle box to send Pinhead back to his dimension."], "answer": {"text": "His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart.", "answer_start": 166}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were Pinhead's limitations?", "answer": {"text": "Peter Atkins described as him being \"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other kind of illusions did he have?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead at first has no memory of his human past, though is reminded of it in Hellbound: Hellraiser II,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kind of powers did Pinhead have?", "answer": {"text": "his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "answer_start": 1626, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of realities did he warp onto himself?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0227b27df6b845bb85329aabcab01cf2_0_q#7", "question": "Were there other ways he liked attacking?", "rewrite": "Were there other ways Pinhead liked attacking aside from summoning hooks and chains?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1988, a sequel titled \"\" follows Dr. Philip Channard (Kenneth Cranham) as he resurrects Julia, who was stuck in Hell with the Cenobites. Kirsty is pulled back into the Cenobite world, where the demons decide to keep her, but, having discovered the human identity of the Cenobites earlier, Kirsty appeals to their latent humanity, specifically the Cenobite leader Pinhead (Doug Bradley). Pinhead decides to release her, but he and his followers are killed by Channard, who has become a Cenobite himself. With the help of a teenage girl, Tiffany (Imogen Boorman), who unknowingly assisted Channard in opening the box, Kirsty and Tiffany escape the Cenobite world and close the gateway behind them. In \"\" (1992), the revelation of Pinhead's humanity has resulted in a schism, splitting him in two\u2014his human self, World War I veteran Elliot Spencer, and Pinhead, now a living embodiment of Spencer's id. While Spencer is trapped in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, in the surface of an intricately carved pillar, a relic of the Cenobite realm. The pillar is purchased by a night club owner, J.P. Monroe (Kevin Bernhardt), who begins assisting Pinhead in his resurrection. A television reporter, Joey Summerskill (Terry Farrell), begins to learn about Pinhead and the puzzle box, which leads her to Monroe's night club. Pinhead is eventually resurrected, and begins creating new Cenobite followers in an effort to establish Hell on Earth. Joey manages to reunite Spencer and Pinhead, fusing them back into one entity, and is able to use the puzzle box to send Pinhead back to his dimension.", "Monroe attempts to feed her to Pinhead, but she overpowers him. Before she can flee, Pinhead talks her into feeding Monroe to him, promising to turn her into a demon in return. Now free, Pinhead massacres the club's patrons. Hearing the news reports, Joey goes to the club to investigate. Pinhead orders Joey to give him the box, but she escapes him. Pinhead resurrects several of his victims as demonic Cenobites, including Terri, Monroe, the barman, the DJ, and \"Doc\", who also left to investigate the club. Joey flees through the quiet streets, pursued by the new Cenobites. The Cenobites kill local police as Joey enters a church and begs the priest to help her. Lacking in faith that demons could exist, the priest is appalled by the appearance of Pinhead. Pinhead defiles the church and kills the priest. The Cenobites trap Joey on a construction site and prepare to torture her. She solves the puzzle box, and they are sent to Hell. The box transports Joey into limbo, where she comes face to face with an apparition who appears to be her dead father. The apparition tells Joey to give him the puzzle box, only to be revealed as Pinhead in disguise. Pinhead ensnares her in machinery and prepares to transform her into a Cenobite. Spencer's limbo-bound spirit confronts Pinhead and forcibly fuses himself into Pinhead. Joey breaks free and uses the puzzle box, which has transformed into a dagger, to stab Pinhead through the heart, sending him back to Hell. With Pinhead's humanity restored, the box returns Joey to Earth. She buries it in a pool of concrete at the construction site.", "Sean escapes the realm with a stolen puzzle box, and the Auditor requests Pinhead's guidance on the matter. Sean and his brother return to search the house, finding no trace of hell or the Inquisition. That night he is haunted by visions of the Cenobites and hell's denizens, who promise \"judgment and redemption\" to anyone who opens the box. Sean and Christine go to the coroner's office and find that a cell phone of one of the Preceptor's victims was stored in her body, recording her final location with its GPS. They find the Preceptor's hideout, where Sean incapacitates Christine and reveals himself as the killer. David deduces the Preceptor's identity and meets with the coroner to find the building. Upon arrival, Sean disarms David and reveals that he is holding his wife Alison hostage, outraged that she had an affair. He forces David and Alison to open the box at gunpoint, summoning the Cenobites and opening a gateway to their realm. Aware that someone from hell would come to collect his soul after his initial escape, Sean attempts to offer Alison and David to Pinhead. Pinhead tells him that they will be dealt with for opening the box but, because a separate faction of hell wanted his soul, no deal will be made. The Auditor appears, telling Sean that the Inquisition has found him guilty of his sins. Jophiel intervenes again and protests to Pinhead and the Auditor that Sean is part of heaven's plan to instill fear into sinners. Pinhead arranges for Christine to kill Sean, and spitefully dispatches Jophiel. As punishment, God expels Pinhead from hell and forces him to walk the earth as a mortal man.", "Described by Doug Bradley as stronger than Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers, Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities. His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart. These chains are subject to his total mental control and he may direct them at will. The chains may even change shape after having attached to a victim. Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons. His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions. He is capable of creating other cenobites from both living and dead victims. In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration, though this in itself is not usually enough for Pinhead to target the puzzle-solver: in Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Pinhead stops the Cenobites from torturing an emotionally traumatised girl who was manipulated as a proxy into opening the Configuration, remarking \"...it is not hands that call us, it is desire.\" In Hell on Earth, he temporarily eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters until he is finally defeated when Spencer willingly merges with Pinhead once again, the combination binding Pinhead as Spencer keeps his extremes in check. During this incident his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "An ambitious young television reporter, Joey Summerskill, sees hooked chains embedded in a teenage clubgoer in a hospital emergency room. They come to life and tear the clubgoer to pieces. A young homeless woman, Terri, who came in with the clubgoer explains that the chains sprang from the puzzle box, which she pried from the pillar. Terri gives the puzzle box to Joey. While investigating the box's background with the help of her cameraman, \"Doc\", Joey invites Terri to stay with her. Joey uncovers a video tape from one of Pinhead's former victims, Kirsty Cotton, that explains the puzzle box is the only means of returning Pinhead to Hell. Pinhead remains dormant until Monroe has sex with a clubgoer, Sandy. Hooked chains drag Sandy to the pillar, and Pinhead absorbs her body. Pinhead points out that they have both used Sandy for their own purposes. Although initially horrified, Monroe agrees to bring Pinhead more club members so he can feed on them and be freed. In return, Pinhead promises Monroe power and unnatural delights. Joey has recurring nightmares about how she presumes her father died in Vietnam. During one such dream, Spencer contacts Joey. He explains that his experiences in WWI caused him to lose faith in humanity, and he sought out the forbidden pleasures promised by the puzzle box. Spencer tells her that without his humanity to act as a balancing influence, Pinhead is completely evil and will indiscriminately wreak havoc on Earth for his own pleasure, in violation of the Cenobite's laws. To defeat him, Joey must reunite Spencer's spirit with Pinhead and use the puzzle box to return him to Hell. A misunderstanding leads Terri to believe that Joey has abandoned her, and she returns to the arms of her ex-boyfriend, Monroe."], "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser) weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters", "answer_start": 1284, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were Pinhead's limitations?", "answer": {"text": "Peter Atkins described as him being \"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other kind of illusions did he have?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead at first has no memory of his human past, though is reminded of it in Hellbound: Hellraiser II,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kind of powers did Pinhead have?", "answer": {"text": "his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "answer_start": 1626, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of realities did he warp onto himself?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about this article?", "answer": {"text": "His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart.", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#0", "question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "rewrite": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85.", "Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs.", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series.", "After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son)."], "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#1", "question": "Who was his father ?", "rewrite": "Who was Andy Griffith's father ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs.", "Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85.", "After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series."], "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#2", "question": "Who was his mother ?", "rewrite": "Who was Andy Griffith's mother ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85.", "After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs.", "Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series."], "answer": {"text": "Geneva (Nunn).", "answer_start": 115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father ?", "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#3", "question": "What high school did he attended ?", "rewrite": "What high school did Andy Griffith attend?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series.", "The New Andy Griffith Show The New Andy Griffith Show is an American sitcom that was broadcast in the United States on CBS in 1971 on Fridays at 8:30 ET. It debuted on January 8, 1971, and ended on May 21, 1971. Actor Andy Griffith had left his first sitcom, \"The Andy Griffith Show\", voluntarily after the 1967-68 season while it was still number one in the Nielsen ratings and despite a high-dollar offer from CBS to continue it, in order to pursue his other interests, singing and motion picture acting, and to prevent his being typecast solely as a rural Southern sheriff. When he decided to return to network television two years later, in the fall of 1970, it was in \"Headmaster\", a drama, in which he played the headmaster of an exclusive California private school. When that program very quickly sank in the ratings, Griffith replaced it immediately with this one, which was much closer in tone and content to his earlier, more successful role, and this program replaced \"Headmaster\" on the CBS Friday night schedule effective January 8, 1971. Griffith portrays Andy Sawyer, who upon returning to his hometown is immediately installed as the new Mayor \"pro tem\". The series is set in the fictional small city of Greenwood, North Carolina, with a population slightly under 13,000 residents and thus noticeably larger than Mayberry. Andy Sawyer was the model family man, always agreeable and understanding, spending lots of quality time with his children. His character bore more of the folksy attitude Griffith had previously portrayed in early episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and the 1958 teleplay and film \"No Time for Sergeants\". Lee Meriwether was cast as Andy's wife, reprising a pairing of the two from the 1969 film \"Angel in My Pocket\".", "Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs.", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85."], "answer": {"text": "Mount Airy High School,", "answer_start": 743}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father ?", "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his mother ?", "answer": {"text": "Geneva (Nunn).", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#4", "question": "Did he go to college ?", "rewrite": "Did Andy Griffith go to college ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85.", "Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series.", "Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs."], "answer": {"text": "He attended the University of North Carolina (UNC)", "answer_start": 1498}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father ?", "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his mother ?", "answer": {"text": "Geneva (Nunn).", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What high school did he attended ?", "answer": {"text": "Mount Airy High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#5", "question": "Was he an only child ?", "rewrite": "Was Andy Griffith an only child ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85.", "After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son).", "Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series.", "Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs.", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father ?", "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his mother ?", "answer": {"text": "Geneva (Nunn).", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What high school did he attended ?", "answer": {"text": "Mount Airy High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college ?", "answer": {"text": "He attended the University of North Carolina (UNC)", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#6", "question": "What did he study in college ?", "rewrite": "What did Andy Griffith study in college at University of North Carolina?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son).", "Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85.", "Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series.", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Misenheimer may be the only municipality in America whose only traffic light is not at an intersection of two or more streets, but at a crosswalk to accommodate pedestrian traffic (the crosswalk being across US 52 connecting the two parts of Pfeiffer's campus on opposite sides of the highway). The Andy Griffith Parkway is an 11 mile (18 km) section of U.S. Route 52 in northern Surry County, North Carolina dedicated in honor of actor Andy Griffith. U.S. Route 52 through this stretch is a limited- controlled-access four-lane divided highway. Approximately of the 11 mile (18 km) section passes through the corporate limits of Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Due to its close proximity to Pilot Mountain State Park, in 1977 U.S. Route 52 through Surry County and Stokes County was dedicated as the \"Pilot Mountain Parkway\" by the North Carolina Department of Transportation. However, in March 2002, the North Carolina Department of Transportation was approached by a grassroots group of residents of Mount Airy that felt that a highway dedication for Griffith was long overdue. The group proposed to rename an 11 mile (18 km) section of the \"Pilot Mountain Parkway\" running from the Interstate 74 interchange north to the Virginia state line to the \"Andy Griffith Parkway\". The \"Pilot Mountain Parkway\" designation would remain from the Interstate 74 intersection south through Stokes County. The group had the support of the dedication from several North Carolina state agency officials that included: Governor Mike Easley, State Treasurer Richard H. Moore and NCDOT Division 11 Board Member Sam Erby. Each of these officials played an integral role in expediting the renaming through the North Carolina Department of Transportation's Road and Bridge Naming Committee. The dedication also had the full support of Andy Griffith."], "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 1614}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father ?", "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his mother ?", "answer": {"text": "Geneva (Nunn).", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What high school did he attended ?", "answer": {"text": "Mount Airy High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college ?", "answer": {"text": "He attended the University of North Carolina (UNC)", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#7", "question": "Did he write any song ?", "rewrite": "Did Andy Griffith write any songs?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs.", "After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son).", "Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85.", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series."], "answer": {"text": "He also began to write.", "answer_start": 605}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father ?", "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his mother ?", "answer": {"text": "Geneva (Nunn).", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What high school did he attended ?", "answer": {"text": "Mount Airy High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college ?", "answer": {"text": "He attended the University of North Carolina (UNC)", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study in college ?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24f75fe71bad4c53aee504decee009be_1_q#8", "question": "What was his first job after graduating from college ?", "rewrite": "What was Andy Griffith's first job after graduating from college ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andy Griffith Museum The Andy Griffith Museum is a museum dedicated to the life and career of American actor, television producer, and singer Andy Griffith. The museum, which houses the world's largest collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, is located in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Much of the museum's collection was acquired by Griffith's friend and the founder of Andy Griffith Museum, Emmett Forrest. The facility opened to the public on September 26, 2009. The Andy Griffith Museum is located in Mount Airy, North Carolina, a half mile from Griffith's childhood home. The 2,500-square-feet, which cost approximately $500,000 to construct, is adjacent to the Andy Griffith Playhouse. The museum founder, the late Emmett Forrest, a lifelong friend of Griffith's since elementary school, planned the museum with the Surry Arts Council for more than twenty-five years. The Andy Griffith Museum was opened on September 26, 2009. A $600,000 upgrade of the museum, with funding that included $200,000 from the city, was completed in 2017. Emmett Forrest donated an extensive collection of Andy Griffith memorabilia, which forms the basis for the museum's permanent exhibition. The Surry Arts Council did not actually own the collection until after Forrest's death in 2013, at which time the estate turned over the collection. Many of the artifacts were in poor condition and the museum made efforts to preserve the items and keep them in good shape. Personal items on exhibit includes a rocking chair that Andy Griffith's father, Carl Griffith, made for his mother, Geneva. A large portion of the museum includes pieces from the sets of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which aired from 1960 to 1968, and the \"Matlock\" television series.", "Opie Taylor Opie Taylor is a fictional character played by Ron Howard in the American television program \"The Andy Griffith Show\", which was televised on CBS from October 3, 1960 to April 1, 1968. Opie Taylor appeared in 209 of the 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\", and appeared in 2 spin-off shows and a TV Movie. Opie is a 6-year-old when the series opens, who lives in the fictional and idealized small, sleepy southern community of Mayberry, North Carolina, with his widowed father, Andy Taylor (Andy Griffith), the sheriff of Mayberry County, and his father's spinster aunt, Beatrice \"Aunt Bee\" Taylor (Frances Bavier). Opie appears once in \"The Andy Griffith Show\" spinoff \"Mayberry R.F.D.\", twice in the spinoff \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" and also in the 1986 reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry \" There are two explanations of the origin of the character's name. One is that Opie was named after bandleader and radio actor Opie Cates; the other is that he was named for Opie Shelton (1915\u20131999), a childhood friend of Griffith, who went on to become president of the Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Opie makes a brief first appearance in the February 1960 backdoor pilot, \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\", an episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\". Ron Howard was 5 years old at the time. In the first episode of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" (October 1960), Andy's Aunt Bee returns to Mayberry via Morgantown, West Virginia at her nephew's invitation in order to manage the Taylor household after Andy's housekeeper Rose marries and departs.", "After the eighth season, when Andy Griffith became one of the original cast members to leave the show, it was retitled \"Mayberry, R.F.D.\", with Ken Berry and Buddy Foster replacing Andy Griffith and Ron Howard in new roles. In the new format, it ran an additional three seasons and 78 episodes, ending in 1971. Reruns of the show are often aired to TV Land, MeTV, The CW, and SundanceTV, while the complete series is available on DVD. The sitcom has also been made available on streaming video services such as Netflix. An annual festival celebrating the sitcom, Mayberry Days, is held each year in Griffith's hometown of Mount Airy, North Carolina. Sheldon Leonard, producer of \"The Danny Thomas Show\", and Danny Thomas hired veteran comedy writer Arthur Stander (who had written many of the \"Danny Thomas\" episodes) to create a pilot show for Andy Griffith, featuring him as justice of the peace and newspaper editor in a small town. At the time, Broadway, film, and radio star Griffith was interested in attempting a television role, and the William Morris Agency told Leonard that Griffith's rural background and previous rustic characterizations were suited to the part. After conferences between Leonard and Griffith in New York, Griffith flew to Los Angeles and filmed the episode. On February 15, 1960, \"The Danny Thomas Show\" episode \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith\" aired. In the episode Griffith played fictional Sheriff Andy Taylor of Mayberry, North Carolina, who arrests Danny Williams (Thomas's character) for running a stop sign. Future players in \"The Andy Griffith Show\", Frances Bavier and Ron Howard, appeared in the episode as townspeople Henrietta Perkins and Opie Taylor (the sheriff's son).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor is the lead character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960\u20131968). He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\" episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \" Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\" (1968\u20131971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986). The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\" In the CBS special \" The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters. Andy Griffith, as Sheriff Taylor, also has a brief comedy cameo in \"Rowan and Martin at the Movies\" (1969), a PSA short subject promoting the purchase of U.S. Savings Bonds. Andy Taylor appeared in all 249 episodes of \"The Andy Griffith Show\" and was played by comedian, musician, and actor Andy Griffith. Andy Taylor lives in the fictional, sleepy community of Mayberry, North Carolina. Andy is a widower and father to one young son, Opie. In the backdoor pilot episode from \"The Danny Thomas Show\", viewers learn Andy lost his wife when Opie was \"the least little speck of a baby. \" In the first episode of the show Andy has a maid that is getting married and moving away. Andy's Aunt Bee comes in to act as his live-in housekeeper and as surrogate mother/grandmother to Opie.", "Emmett Forrest William Emmett Forrest, Jr. (September 3, 1927 \u2013 January 12, 2013) was an American pop culture collector, museum founder, and longtime friend of actor Andy Griffith. Forrest was an extensive collector of memorabilia spanning Griffith's career. He persuaded Andy Griffith to donate set pieces and other items from the \"Andy Griffith Show\". Forrest used his collection to found the Andy Griffith Museum in Mount Airy, North Carolina, which opened to the public on September 26, 2009. Forrest was born in Gaston County, North Carolina, on September 3, 1927, William Emmett Forrest, Sr. and Margaret Haynes Forrest. He served in the United States Navy during World War II. He worked for the Pike Electric Company during his professional career. Forrest became involved with the Surry Arts Council following his retirement, which would lead to the Andy Griffith Museum years later. Forrest and Andy Griffith were longtime friends and he devoted much of his life preserving items from Griffith's career, with Griffith's approval. Forrest partnered with the Surry Arts Council to plan a museum dedicated to Griffith career, one of Hollywood's best known actors, singer, and television producers. A potential museum was in the planning stages for more than twenty-five years. Forrest's vast array of memorabilia formed the basis for the Andy Griffith Museum permanent collection, which he opened in Mount Airy, North Carolina, in 2009. The 2,500-square-foot museum, located less than a mile from Griffith's childhood home, cost approximately $500,000 to construct. According to Griffith's widow, Cindi Griffith, Forrest made no financial gain from donating his collection to the museum. Emmett Forrest died from a long illness on the morning of January 12, 2013, at the Joan and Howard Woltz Hospice Home in Dobson, North Carolina, at the age of 85."], "answer": {"text": "he taught music and drama for a few years", "answer_start": 464}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Andy Griffith born ?", "answer": {"text": "June 1, 1926", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father ?", "answer": {"text": "Carl Lee Griffith", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his mother ?", "answer": {"text": "Geneva (Nunn).", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What high school did he attended ?", "answer": {"text": "Mount Airy High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college ?", "answer": {"text": "He attended the University of North Carolina (UNC)", "answer_start": 1498, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study in college ?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any song ?", "answer": {"text": "He also began to write.", "answer_start": 605, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_65342175629e4ef9a33c8af3130f72d7_0_q#0", "question": "What kind of responses came from the Chinese from the film, Memoirs of a Geisha?", "rewrite": "What kind of responses came from the Chinese from the film, Memoirs of a Geisha?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1751 the first \"onna geisha\" (female geisha) arrived at a party and caused quite a stir. She was called \"geiko\" (\"arts girl\"), which is still the term for geisha in Kyoto today. By the end of the 18th century these \"onna geisha\" outnumbered the male geisha \u2013 the \"taikomochi\" \u2013 and the men became so few that they started by \"otoko geisha\" (\"male geisha\"). The geisha even took over from the \"yujo\" due to their artistic skills, their contemporary outlook and their sophistication. The men continued to assist the women \u2013 this time the geisha \u2013 in the entertainment field. In \"Geisha: The Secret History of a Vanishing World\", Lesley Downer wrote that in Yoshiwara in 1770, there were 16 female geisha and 31 male geisha. In 1775 there were 33 female geisha, but still 31 male geisha. But in 1800 there were 143 female geisha and 45 male geisha. The females started to take over the field and the role of the males was again changed \u2013 this time the males took on a role of supporting the women at parties. There were between five or six hundred \"taikomochi\" in Japan during the peak of their popularity. Since then the geisha started to decline as the popularity of the \"jokyu\" (caf\u00e9 girls) in the 1920s due to westernisation. This in turn caused the decline of the \"taikomochi\". Their decline sped up with World War II, and the \"taikomochi\" continue to decline today. Although there are still small communities of geisha in Kyoto and Tokyo, there are only five \"taikomochi\" in Japan. Four \"taikomochi\" are in Tokyo, one is in Kyoto.", "Onsen geisha Onsen geisha (\u6e29\u6cc9\u82b8\u8005) are Japanese geisha, or entertainers, who work in onsen (hot spring) resorts or towns. The term \"onsen geisha\" has a negative connotation and has come to be synonymous with prostitute, for several reasons. In pre\u2013World War II history, the term \"onsen geisha\" had a negative connotation, as geisha who lived and worked at hot spring resorts or towns were often regarded as the lowest of geisha, they were unbound by contracts and could move to any other onsen town, and thus had no \"history\" or professional genealogy. During this period, some onsen geisha were sponsored by businessmen who made yearly visits; these patrons were known as \"danna\". Masuda Sayo, an onsen geisha in the late 1930s and early 1940s and author of \"Autobiography of a Geisha\", the first book of any kind about the geisha lifestyle, wrote that a typical geisha's contract was bought out by a danna for about 30 yen (around 20,000 yen today) and never for more than 100. Interaction with other customers beyond party entertainment was common; therefore, the concept of onsen geisha as prostitutes was not entirely incorrect in pre-World War II days. Masuda Sayo wrote that geisha in this time were taught some traditional geisha skills, but they were frequently pressured into having sex. Mizuage for onsen geisha always involved losing virginity, and geisha held onto a sense of pride amongst themselves for only having sex with their dannas. Even before debuting as full-fledged geisha, they practiced acting as sexy as possible to attract wealthier dannas, further bolstering the perception of onsen geisha as prostitutes.", "During her Ph.D studies about the geisha community, conducted in Pontoch\u014d, she was invited to join a house in Kyoto where she was allowed to attend banquets under the name \"Ichigiku\"\u2014in part because she was fluent in Japanese and skilled with the shamisen. She performed at \"ozashiki\" without charging money, and, from the experience, formed friendships and relationships with geisha in the district. Her first non-fiction book, \"Geisha\" (filmed as \"American Geisha\"), is based on her experiences with the geisha community in Kyoto's Pontoch\u014d district. Because of her expertise in the subject, Arthur Golden asked for her to act as a consultant when he wrote \"Memoirs of a Geisha\", and later Rob Marshall, director of the 2005 film adaptation starring Zhang Ziyi, consulted with her. In the book she writes about the life of geisha and how the world is based on tightly knit and hierarchical society of women. She presents the history of the geisha community and explores the context in which geisha traditionally were in the forefront of fashion, which for the modern geisha is no longer true. Geisha was followed by a book about kimono, called \"Kimono: Fashioning Culture\". In an interview with Salon.com, she explains that in 11th-century Japanese court literature, women authors such as Murasaki Shikibu wrote lengthy descriptions of kimono in their work. Dalby believes, that from an anthropological point of view, the dress of the period must be taken seriously and she strives to understand the symbolism represented in the layering of clothing, often described in texts such as Murasaki's \"The Tale of Genji\".", "Some prostitutes refer to themselves as \"geisha\", but they are not. A geisha's sex and love life is usually distinct from her professional life. A successful geisha can entertain her male customers with music, dance, and conversation. Geisha learn the traditional skills of dance and instruments and hold high social status. Geisha are single women, though they may have lovers or boyfriends whom they have personally picked, who support them financially. The appeal of a high-ranking geisha to her typical male guest has historically been very different from that of his wife. The ideal geisha showed her skill, while the ideal wife was modest. The ideal geisha seemed carefree, the ideal wife somber and responsible. Historically, geisha did sometimes marry their clients, but marriage necessitated retirement, as there were never married geisha. Geisha may gracefully flirt with their guests, but they will always remain in control of the hospitality. Over their years of apprenticeship they learn to adapt to different situations and personalities, mastering the art of the hostess. Women in the geisha society are some of the most successful businesswomen in Japan. In the geisha society, women run everything, for example they teach and train the new Geisha, they arrange the business to the Geisha as the role of okasan (mother) in the Geisha house. Without the impeccable business skills of the female tea house owners, the world of geisha would cease to exist. The tea house owners are entrepreneurs, whose service to the geisha is highly necessary for the society to run smoothly. Infrequently, men take contingent positions such as hair stylists, dressers (dressing a maiko requires considerable strength) and accountants, but men have a limited role in geisha society. The majority of women were wives who did not work outside of their familial duties.", "The young geiko (Geisha) could repay her investment, become independent and move out on her own once she makes her debut, so becoming a geisha was a way for women to support themselves without becoming a wife. Women run the geisha houses, they are teachers, they run the tea houses, they recruit aspiring geisha, and they keep track of a geisha's finances, moreover the geiko (Geisha) who has been chosen as an \"atotori\" (heir) of the Geisha house, she would live there and run the business throughout her career until the next generation, that is the cycle of the Geisha business. The only major role men play in geisha society is that of guest, though women sometimes take that role as well. Historically, Japanese feminists have seen geisha as exploited women, but some modern geisha see themselves as liberated feminists: \"We find our own way, without doing family responsibilities. Isn't that what feminists are?\" Modern geisha still live in traditional geisha houses called \"okiya\" in areas called \"hanamachi\" ( \"flower streets\"), particularly during their apprenticeship. Many experienced geisha are successful enough to choose to live independently. The elegant, high-culture world that geisha are a part of is called \"kary\u016bkai\" ( \"the flower and willow world\"). Before the twentieth century, geisha training began when a girl was around the age of six. Now, girls must go to school until they are 15 years old and have graduated from middle school and then make the personal decision to train to become a geisha. Young women who wish to become geisha now most often begin their training after high school or even college. Many more women begin their careers in adulthood."], "answer": {"text": "banning by the People's Republic of China. Relations between Japan and Mainland China were particularly tense due to two main factors: Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi", "answer_start": 74}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_65342175629e4ef9a33c8af3130f72d7_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from the tension between Japan and the Mainland China, were there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Chinese-foreign marriages in mainland China  Chinese-foreign marriages in mainland China are a recent phenomenon. From the founding of the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949 until the early 1990s, Chinese-foreign marriages were seen as outside the norm. While data from the PRC\u2019s Ministry of Civil Affairs indicates that the number of couples registering a Chinese-foreign marriage in mainland China was almost ten times greater in 2010 than in 1979, the figures for registered Chinese-foreign marriages are still relatively small compared to couples registered in a domestic marriage. The data also suggests that most Chinese-foreign marriages are intra-national rather than international in character. An article published by Elaine Jeffreys and Wang Pan, \u2018Chinese-foreign Marriage in Mainland China\u2019, in the University of Nottingham\u2019s China Policy Institute Blog notes that \u201cthe most common type of Chinese-foreign marriage registered in mainland China until the late 2000s was between a mainland Chinese woman and a man from Hong Kong, Macao or Taiwan.\u201d The article also reveals that these types of marriages are more common in Chinese women than they are in men. The article states:  \" \u201cOver 8,000 women registered such a marriage in 1979. That figure rose to nearly 68,000 women in 2001 declining to below 40,000 in 2010, less than in the mid-1990s. The proportion of men from mainland China registering a marriage with a foreign bride in mainland China is low: 250 men in 1979, rising to a peak of around 20,000 men in 2005, and declining to less than 12,000 in 2010.\u201d \" The PRC\u2019s marriage registration regulations divide Chinese-foreign marriages into three different categories: New opportunities created by China\u2019s rapid economic growth have been a significant factor in shaping the nature of Chinese-foreign marriage in mainland China over the recent years.", "Regular weekend direct, cross-strait charter flights between mainland China and Taiwan resumed on 4 July 2008 for the first time since 1950. Liu Shaoyong, China Southern Airlines chair, piloted the first flight from Guangzhou to Taipei. Simultaneously, a Taiwan-based China Airlines flight flew to Shanghai. Currently, 61 mainland Chinese cities are connected with eight airports in Taiwan. The flights operate every day, totaling 890 round-trip flights across the Taiwan Strait per week. Previously, regular passengers (other than festive or emergency charters) had to make a time-consuming stopover at a third destination, usually Hong Kong. Taiwan residents cannot use the Republic of China passport to travel to mainland China and Mainland China residents cannot use the People's Republic of China passport to travel to Taiwan, as neither the ROC nor the PRC considers this international travel. The PRC government requires Taiwan residents to hold a Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents when entering mainland China, whereas the ROC government requires mainland Chinese residents to hold the Exit and Entry Permit for the Taiwan Area of the Republic of China to enter the Taiwan Area. Cross-strait investments have greatly increased in recent years. Predominantly, this involves Taiwan-based firms moving to, or collaborating in joint ventures, in Mainland China. The collective body of Taiwanese investors in Mainland China is now a significant economic force for both Mainland China and Taiwan. In 2014, trade values between the two sides reached US$198.31 billion, with imports from Taiwan to the mainland counted up to US$152 billion. In 2015, 58% of Taiwanese working outside Taiwan worked in Mainland China, with a total number of 420,000 people. Cultural exchanges have increased in frequency. The National Palace Museum in Taipei and the Palace Museum in Beijing have collaborated on exhibitions. Scholars and academics frequently visit institutions on the other side.", "Instead, they are required to hold different types of permits/travel documents listed below when traveling to Mainland China. Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR are constituents of China. Under the One Country, Two Systems arrangement, both SARs maintain their own immigration policies, which are vastly different from those of Mainland China, and individual border controls, which separate the territories from the Mainland. The Chinese government, however, does not consider Chinese nationals with resident status of Hong Kong and Macau traveling to China as international travelers, and hence the SAR passports (or ethnic Chinese holding British National (Overseas) passports) cannot be used when entering or transiting through China, regardless of whether they are arriving from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan or from overseas. Therefore, in order to enter Mainland China, all permanent residents and some non-permanent residents of Hong Kong SAR and Macau SAR with Chinese nationality are required to apply for a Mainland Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents (commonly called a \"Home Return Permit\"), a travel document which also serves as the \"de facto\" ID card in Mainland China. The permit is valid for five years for individuals under 18, or 10 years for those over 18. All first-time applicants must submit their applications to the China Travel Service (CTS) branch in Hong Kong or Macau while subsequent renewals of the permit can be done in either Mainland China or the two SARs. It is not possible to apply or renew the permit outside the PRC. Holders of the permit can enter Mainland China regardless of purpose of entry and can remain in Mainland China indefinitely, although their social benefits are restricted unlike Chinese nationals with residency in Mainland China. Home Return Permit holders also need to obtain an employment authorization from the municipal governments in order to work legally in Mainland China.", "There was no official contact for over 50 years between the governments of Taiwan \u2014 where the Kuomintang (KMT) had retreated \u2014 and Mainland China since the Communist Party of China established the People's Republic of China in 1949, after the Chinese Civil War. However, when the Chinese Economic Reform began welcoming foreign funds in the 1980s, Mainland China sought greater contact with Taiwan. Chiang Ching-kuo refused, beginning a policy of \"Three Noes\". The Three Noes policy was abandoned, however, when a Taiwan flight was hijacked and Taiwan was forced to negotiate with Mainland China, beginning a series of negotiations. Merchants started investing in Mainland China and people visited their relatives. Air traffic between Taiwan and Mainland China grew dramatically, but no direct flights were allowed. Passengers traveling to Mainland China had to travel via an intermediate destination such as Hong Kong or Macau, or via South Korea and Japan. The travel time usually took more than a half day, especially during the holidays such as the Spring Festival. In the 1990s, the government of Mainland China proposed the 'three direct links' - including direct air flights between Mainland China and Taiwan - to ease the travel problem. However, Taiwanese government rejected this idea. In 2002, Taiwan legislator John Chiang proposed that there should be special charters across the strait, and received support from the public and the aviation industry in Taiwan. The previous regime of negotiations via the Straits Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits had broken down by the time Chen Shui-bian came to office. A political impasse prevented the resumption of semi-official dialogue, because the People's Republic of China government insisted on the recognition of the one China principle or the more ambiguous 1992 consensus as the basis for the talks.", "Those who need to travel to Mainland China urgently but do not have a valid Home Return Permit can apply for a Chinese Exit and Entry Permit, also only through the CTS, in Hong Kong or Macau or at the ports of Luohu and Huanggang. The Exit and Entry Permit is valid for three months and only good for a single trip to Mainland China. Unlike ROC nationals, there is no permit-on-arrival service at other ports of entry for SAR passport holders, and those seeking to enter Mainland China who arrived at a port of entry without acceptable documentations for entering will be denied entry and removed from Mainland China. The PRC government also does not recognize the ruling of Taiwan (under the Republic of China administration), and considers all territories controlled by ROC as part of China. Hence, traveling between Taiwan and Mainland China are also not considered by Chinese government as international travel. As a result, Taiwan passports are not accepted for entry and transit through Mainland China, and ROC nationals with right of abode in Taiwan (\"right of abode\" is defined as the eligibility of holding a sign Taiwanese National ID Card) are required to apply for a Mainland Travel Permit for Taiwan Residents, commonly known as \"Taiwan Compatriot Permit\", before visiting Mainland China. The 5-year permit, which also serves as the \"de facto\" ID card in Mainland China, can be applied from travel agencies in Taiwan and CTS in Hong Kong or Macau. Holders of the permit are allowed to enter Mainland China for any purpose and remain in Mainland China until the expiration date of the permit (up to five years). Those who have settled in Mainland China, however, may elect to renew their permits in Mainland China, and they can continue to reside in Mainland China provided that their permits do not expire."], "answer": {"text": "The film is set in Japan during World War II, when the Second Sino-Japanese War was taking place.", "answer_start": 1094}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of responses came from the Chinese from the film, Memoirs of a Geisha?", "answer": {"text": "banning by the People's Republic of China. Relations between Japan and Mainland China were particularly tense due to two main factors: Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65342175629e4ef9a33c8af3130f72d7_0_q#2", "question": "Why was it not well received?", "rewrite": "Why was the film, Memoirs of a Geisha, not well received?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Onsen geisha Onsen geisha (\u6e29\u6cc9\u82b8\u8005) are Japanese geisha, or entertainers, who work in onsen (hot spring) resorts or towns. The term \"onsen geisha\" has a negative connotation and has come to be synonymous with prostitute, for several reasons. In pre\u2013World War II history, the term \"onsen geisha\" had a negative connotation, as geisha who lived and worked at hot spring resorts or towns were often regarded as the lowest of geisha, they were unbound by contracts and could move to any other onsen town, and thus had no \"history\" or professional genealogy. During this period, some onsen geisha were sponsored by businessmen who made yearly visits; these patrons were known as \"danna\". Masuda Sayo, an onsen geisha in the late 1930s and early 1940s and author of \"Autobiography of a Geisha\", the first book of any kind about the geisha lifestyle, wrote that a typical geisha's contract was bought out by a danna for about 30 yen (around 20,000 yen today) and never for more than 100. Interaction with other customers beyond party entertainment was common; therefore, the concept of onsen geisha as prostitutes was not entirely incorrect in pre-World War II days. Masuda Sayo wrote that geisha in this time were taught some traditional geisha skills, but they were frequently pressured into having sex. Mizuage for onsen geisha always involved losing virginity, and geisha held onto a sense of pride amongst themselves for only having sex with their dannas. Even before debuting as full-fledged geisha, they practiced acting as sexy as possible to attract wealthier dannas, further bolstering the perception of onsen geisha as prostitutes.", "In 1751 the first \"onna geisha\" (female geisha) arrived at a party and caused quite a stir. She was called \"geiko\" (\"arts girl\"), which is still the term for geisha in Kyoto today. By the end of the 18th century these \"onna geisha\" outnumbered the male geisha \u2013 the \"taikomochi\" \u2013 and the men became so few that they started by \"otoko geisha\" (\"male geisha\"). The geisha even took over from the \"yujo\" due to their artistic skills, their contemporary outlook and their sophistication. The men continued to assist the women \u2013 this time the geisha \u2013 in the entertainment field. In \"Geisha: The Secret History of a Vanishing World\", Lesley Downer wrote that in Yoshiwara in 1770, there were 16 female geisha and 31 male geisha. In 1775 there were 33 female geisha, but still 31 male geisha. But in 1800 there were 143 female geisha and 45 male geisha. The females started to take over the field and the role of the males was again changed \u2013 this time the males took on a role of supporting the women at parties. There were between five or six hundred \"taikomochi\" in Japan during the peak of their popularity. Since then the geisha started to decline as the popularity of the \"jokyu\" (caf\u00e9 girls) in the 1920s due to westernisation. This in turn caused the decline of the \"taikomochi\". Their decline sped up with World War II, and the \"taikomochi\" continue to decline today. Although there are still small communities of geisha in Kyoto and Tokyo, there are only five \"taikomochi\" in Japan. Four \"taikomochi\" are in Tokyo, one is in Kyoto.", "The young geiko (Geisha) could repay her investment, become independent and move out on her own once she makes her debut, so becoming a geisha was a way for women to support themselves without becoming a wife. Women run the geisha houses, they are teachers, they run the tea houses, they recruit aspiring geisha, and they keep track of a geisha's finances, moreover the geiko (Geisha) who has been chosen as an \"atotori\" (heir) of the Geisha house, she would live there and run the business throughout her career until the next generation, that is the cycle of the Geisha business. The only major role men play in geisha society is that of guest, though women sometimes take that role as well. Historically, Japanese feminists have seen geisha as exploited women, but some modern geisha see themselves as liberated feminists: \"We find our own way, without doing family responsibilities. Isn't that what feminists are?\" Modern geisha still live in traditional geisha houses called \"okiya\" in areas called \"hanamachi\" ( \"flower streets\"), particularly during their apprenticeship. Many experienced geisha are successful enough to choose to live independently. The elegant, high-culture world that geisha are a part of is called \"kary\u016bkai\" ( \"the flower and willow world\"). Before the twentieth century, geisha training began when a girl was around the age of six. Now, girls must go to school until they are 15 years old and have graduated from middle school and then make the personal decision to train to become a geisha. Young women who wish to become geisha now most often begin their training after high school or even college. Many more women begin their careers in adulthood.", "During her Ph.D studies about the geisha community, conducted in Pontoch\u014d, she was invited to join a house in Kyoto where she was allowed to attend banquets under the name \"Ichigiku\"\u2014in part because she was fluent in Japanese and skilled with the shamisen. She performed at \"ozashiki\" without charging money, and, from the experience, formed friendships and relationships with geisha in the district. Her first non-fiction book, \"Geisha\" (filmed as \"American Geisha\"), is based on her experiences with the geisha community in Kyoto's Pontoch\u014d district. Because of her expertise in the subject, Arthur Golden asked for her to act as a consultant when he wrote \"Memoirs of a Geisha\", and later Rob Marshall, director of the 2005 film adaptation starring Zhang Ziyi, consulted with her. In the book she writes about the life of geisha and how the world is based on tightly knit and hierarchical society of women. She presents the history of the geisha community and explores the context in which geisha traditionally were in the forefront of fashion, which for the modern geisha is no longer true. Geisha was followed by a book about kimono, called \"Kimono: Fashioning Culture\". In an interview with Salon.com, she explains that in 11th-century Japanese court literature, women authors such as Murasaki Shikibu wrote lengthy descriptions of kimono in their work. Dalby believes, that from an anthropological point of view, the dress of the period must be taken seriously and she strives to understand the symbolism represented in the layering of clothing, often described in texts such as Murasaki's \"The Tale of Genji\".", "Some prostitutes refer to themselves as \"geisha\", but they are not. A geisha's sex and love life is usually distinct from her professional life. A successful geisha can entertain her male customers with music, dance, and conversation. Geisha learn the traditional skills of dance and instruments and hold high social status. Geisha are single women, though they may have lovers or boyfriends whom they have personally picked, who support them financially. The appeal of a high-ranking geisha to her typical male guest has historically been very different from that of his wife. The ideal geisha showed her skill, while the ideal wife was modest. The ideal geisha seemed carefree, the ideal wife somber and responsible. Historically, geisha did sometimes marry their clients, but marriage necessitated retirement, as there were never married geisha. Geisha may gracefully flirt with their guests, but they will always remain in control of the hospitality. Over their years of apprenticeship they learn to adapt to different situations and personalities, mastering the art of the hostess. Women in the geisha society are some of the most successful businesswomen in Japan. In the geisha society, women run everything, for example they teach and train the new Geisha, they arrange the business to the Geisha as the role of okasan (mother) in the Geisha house. Without the impeccable business skills of the female tea house owners, the world of geisha would cease to exist. The tea house owners are entrepreneurs, whose service to the geisha is highly necessary for the society to run smoothly. Infrequently, men take contingent positions such as hair stylists, dressers (dressing a maiko requires considerable strength) and accountants, but men have a limited role in geisha society. The majority of women were wives who did not work outside of their familial duties."], "answer": {"text": "there were concerns that the casting of Chinese actresses as geishas could rouse anti-Japan sentiment and stir up feelings over Japanese wartime actions in China,", "answer_start": 1652}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of responses came from the Chinese from the film, Memoirs of a Geisha?", "answer": {"text": "banning by the People's Republic of China. Relations between Japan and Mainland China were particularly tense due to two main factors: Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film is set in Japan during World War II, when the Second Sino-Japanese War was taking place.", "answer_start": 1094, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65342175629e4ef9a33c8af3130f72d7_0_q#3", "question": "Was it shown to the public?", "rewrite": "Was the film, Memoirs of a Geisha, shown to the public?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Onsen geisha Onsen geisha (\u6e29\u6cc9\u82b8\u8005) are Japanese geisha, or entertainers, who work in onsen (hot spring) resorts or towns. The term \"onsen geisha\" has a negative connotation and has come to be synonymous with prostitute, for several reasons. In pre\u2013World War II history, the term \"onsen geisha\" had a negative connotation, as geisha who lived and worked at hot spring resorts or towns were often regarded as the lowest of geisha, they were unbound by contracts and could move to any other onsen town, and thus had no \"history\" or professional genealogy. During this period, some onsen geisha were sponsored by businessmen who made yearly visits; these patrons were known as \"danna\". Masuda Sayo, an onsen geisha in the late 1930s and early 1940s and author of \"Autobiography of a Geisha\", the first book of any kind about the geisha lifestyle, wrote that a typical geisha's contract was bought out by a danna for about 30 yen (around 20,000 yen today) and never for more than 100. Interaction with other customers beyond party entertainment was common; therefore, the concept of onsen geisha as prostitutes was not entirely incorrect in pre-World War II days. Masuda Sayo wrote that geisha in this time were taught some traditional geisha skills, but they were frequently pressured into having sex. Mizuage for onsen geisha always involved losing virginity, and geisha held onto a sense of pride amongst themselves for only having sex with their dannas. Even before debuting as full-fledged geisha, they practiced acting as sexy as possible to attract wealthier dannas, further bolstering the perception of onsen geisha as prostitutes.", "In 1751 the first \"onna geisha\" (female geisha) arrived at a party and caused quite a stir. She was called \"geiko\" (\"arts girl\"), which is still the term for geisha in Kyoto today. By the end of the 18th century these \"onna geisha\" outnumbered the male geisha \u2013 the \"taikomochi\" \u2013 and the men became so few that they started by \"otoko geisha\" (\"male geisha\"). The geisha even took over from the \"yujo\" due to their artistic skills, their contemporary outlook and their sophistication. The men continued to assist the women \u2013 this time the geisha \u2013 in the entertainment field. In \"Geisha: The Secret History of a Vanishing World\", Lesley Downer wrote that in Yoshiwara in 1770, there were 16 female geisha and 31 male geisha. In 1775 there were 33 female geisha, but still 31 male geisha. But in 1800 there were 143 female geisha and 45 male geisha. The females started to take over the field and the role of the males was again changed \u2013 this time the males took on a role of supporting the women at parties. There were between five or six hundred \"taikomochi\" in Japan during the peak of their popularity. Since then the geisha started to decline as the popularity of the \"jokyu\" (caf\u00e9 girls) in the 1920s due to westernisation. This in turn caused the decline of the \"taikomochi\". Their decline sped up with World War II, and the \"taikomochi\" continue to decline today. Although there are still small communities of geisha in Kyoto and Tokyo, there are only five \"taikomochi\" in Japan. Four \"taikomochi\" are in Tokyo, one is in Kyoto.", "Some prostitutes refer to themselves as \"geisha\", but they are not. A geisha's sex and love life is usually distinct from her professional life. A successful geisha can entertain her male customers with music, dance, and conversation. Geisha learn the traditional skills of dance and instruments and hold high social status. Geisha are single women, though they may have lovers or boyfriends whom they have personally picked, who support them financially. The appeal of a high-ranking geisha to her typical male guest has historically been very different from that of his wife. The ideal geisha showed her skill, while the ideal wife was modest. The ideal geisha seemed carefree, the ideal wife somber and responsible. Historically, geisha did sometimes marry their clients, but marriage necessitated retirement, as there were never married geisha. Geisha may gracefully flirt with their guests, but they will always remain in control of the hospitality. Over their years of apprenticeship they learn to adapt to different situations and personalities, mastering the art of the hostess. Women in the geisha society are some of the most successful businesswomen in Japan. In the geisha society, women run everything, for example they teach and train the new Geisha, they arrange the business to the Geisha as the role of okasan (mother) in the Geisha house. Without the impeccable business skills of the female tea house owners, the world of geisha would cease to exist. The tea house owners are entrepreneurs, whose service to the geisha is highly necessary for the society to run smoothly. Infrequently, men take contingent positions such as hair stylists, dressers (dressing a maiko requires considerable strength) and accountants, but men have a limited role in geisha society. The majority of women were wives who did not work outside of their familial duties.", "The young geiko (Geisha) could repay her investment, become independent and move out on her own once she makes her debut, so becoming a geisha was a way for women to support themselves without becoming a wife. Women run the geisha houses, they are teachers, they run the tea houses, they recruit aspiring geisha, and they keep track of a geisha's finances, moreover the geiko (Geisha) who has been chosen as an \"atotori\" (heir) of the Geisha house, she would live there and run the business throughout her career until the next generation, that is the cycle of the Geisha business. The only major role men play in geisha society is that of guest, though women sometimes take that role as well. Historically, Japanese feminists have seen geisha as exploited women, but some modern geisha see themselves as liberated feminists: \"We find our own way, without doing family responsibilities. Isn't that what feminists are?\" Modern geisha still live in traditional geisha houses called \"okiya\" in areas called \"hanamachi\" ( \"flower streets\"), particularly during their apprenticeship. Many experienced geisha are successful enough to choose to live independently. The elegant, high-culture world that geisha are a part of is called \"kary\u016bkai\" ( \"the flower and willow world\"). Before the twentieth century, geisha training began when a girl was around the age of six. Now, girls must go to school until they are 15 years old and have graduated from middle school and then make the personal decision to train to become a geisha. Young women who wish to become geisha now most often begin their training after high school or even college. Many more women begin their careers in adulthood.", "During her Ph.D studies about the geisha community, conducted in Pontoch\u014d, she was invited to join a house in Kyoto where she was allowed to attend banquets under the name \"Ichigiku\"\u2014in part because she was fluent in Japanese and skilled with the shamisen. She performed at \"ozashiki\" without charging money, and, from the experience, formed friendships and relationships with geisha in the district. Her first non-fiction book, \"Geisha\" (filmed as \"American Geisha\"), is based on her experiences with the geisha community in Kyoto's Pontoch\u014d district. Because of her expertise in the subject, Arthur Golden asked for her to act as a consultant when he wrote \"Memoirs of a Geisha\", and later Rob Marshall, director of the 2005 film adaptation starring Zhang Ziyi, consulted with her. In the book she writes about the life of geisha and how the world is based on tightly knit and hierarchical society of women. She presents the history of the geisha community and explores the context in which geisha traditionally were in the forefront of fashion, which for the modern geisha is no longer true. Geisha was followed by a book about kimono, called \"Kimono: Fashioning Culture\". In an interview with Salon.com, she explains that in 11th-century Japanese court literature, women authors such as Murasaki Shikibu wrote lengthy descriptions of kimono in their work. Dalby believes, that from an anthropological point of view, the dress of the period must be taken seriously and she strives to understand the symbolism represented in the layering of clothing, often described in texts such as Murasaki's \"The Tale of Genji\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of responses came from the Chinese from the film, Memoirs of a Geisha?", "answer": {"text": "banning by the People's Republic of China. Relations between Japan and Mainland China were particularly tense due to two main factors: Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film is set in Japan during World War II, when the Second Sino-Japanese War was taking place.", "answer_start": 1094, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was it not well received?", "answer": {"text": "there were concerns that the casting of Chinese actresses as geishas could rouse anti-Japan sentiment and stir up feelings over Japanese wartime actions in China,", "answer_start": 1652, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#0", "question": "when was faith hill born?", "rewrite": "when was faith hill born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014.", "Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.", "Maltese nationality law Maltese nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, although prior to 1 August 1989 the principle of Jus soli was the basis of the law. Dual citizenship was severely restricted under Maltese law from independence in 1964 until 10 February 2000, when all restrictions were removed. Dual citizenship had been allowed in limited circumstances from 1989, but only for persons born in Malta who met specific residence criteria. Prior to 21 September 1964, Malta was a British Crown colony and Maltese persons held British nationality. Maltese citizenship was conferred at Maltese Independence on 21 September 1964 upon persons born in Malta who had a Maltese-born parent. Persons acquiring Maltese citizenship at independence generally lost their British nationality (\"Citizenship of the UK and Colonies\") unless they had ties by way of birth or descent (father or paternal grandfather) to the United Kingdom itself or a place which remained a colony. Any \"Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC)\" connected with Malta who did not acquire Maltese citizenship at independence retained their CUKC status. Based on their ties with the United Kingdom, they became either British citizens or British Overseas citizens on 1 January 1983. See History of British nationality law The Malta Independence Order 1964 provided that any person born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 2001 automatically acquired Maltese citizenship at birth. From 1 August 2001, a person born in Malta only acquires Maltese citizenship at birth if a parent of that person is   Persons born outside Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 only acquired Maltese citizenship by descent if the father was:   Women could not pass on their Maltese citizenship unless they were unmarried. From 1 August 1989, children born outside Malta to Maltese born or naturalised mothers acquired Maltese citizenship by descent automatically."], "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#1", "question": "who were her parents?", "rewrite": "who were Faith Hill's parents?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.", "Maltese nationality law Maltese nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, although prior to 1 August 1989 the principle of Jus soli was the basis of the law. Dual citizenship was severely restricted under Maltese law from independence in 1964 until 10 February 2000, when all restrictions were removed. Dual citizenship had been allowed in limited circumstances from 1989, but only for persons born in Malta who met specific residence criteria. Prior to 21 September 1964, Malta was a British Crown colony and Maltese persons held British nationality. Maltese citizenship was conferred at Maltese Independence on 21 September 1964 upon persons born in Malta who had a Maltese-born parent. Persons acquiring Maltese citizenship at independence generally lost their British nationality (\"Citizenship of the UK and Colonies\") unless they had ties by way of birth or descent (father or paternal grandfather) to the United Kingdom itself or a place which remained a colony. Any \"Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC)\" connected with Malta who did not acquire Maltese citizenship at independence retained their CUKC status. Based on their ties with the United Kingdom, they became either British citizens or British Overseas citizens on 1 January 1983. See History of British nationality law The Malta Independence Order 1964 provided that any person born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 2001 automatically acquired Maltese citizenship at birth. From 1 August 2001, a person born in Malta only acquires Maltese citizenship at birth if a parent of that person is   Persons born outside Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 only acquired Maltese citizenship by descent if the father was:   Women could not pass on their Maltese citizenship unless they were unmarried. From 1 August 1989, children born outside Malta to Maltese born or naturalised mothers acquired Maltese citizenship by descent automatically.", "Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014."], "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#2", "question": "did she ever move away from home", "rewrite": "did Faith Hill ever move away from home", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "Maltese nationality law Maltese nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, although prior to 1 August 1989 the principle of Jus soli was the basis of the law. Dual citizenship was severely restricted under Maltese law from independence in 1964 until 10 February 2000, when all restrictions were removed. Dual citizenship had been allowed in limited circumstances from 1989, but only for persons born in Malta who met specific residence criteria. Prior to 21 September 1964, Malta was a British Crown colony and Maltese persons held British nationality. Maltese citizenship was conferred at Maltese Independence on 21 September 1964 upon persons born in Malta who had a Maltese-born parent. Persons acquiring Maltese citizenship at independence generally lost their British nationality (\"Citizenship of the UK and Colonies\") unless they had ties by way of birth or descent (father or paternal grandfather) to the United Kingdom itself or a place which remained a colony. Any \"Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC)\" connected with Malta who did not acquire Maltese citizenship at independence retained their CUKC status. Based on their ties with the United Kingdom, they became either British citizens or British Overseas citizens on 1 January 1983. See History of British nationality law The Malta Independence Order 1964 provided that any person born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 2001 automatically acquired Maltese citizenship at birth. From 1 August 2001, a person born in Malta only acquires Maltese citizenship at birth if a parent of that person is   Persons born outside Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 only acquired Maltese citizenship by descent if the father was:   Women could not pass on their Maltese citizenship unless they were unmarried. From 1 August 1989, children born outside Malta to Maltese born or naturalised mothers acquired Maltese citizenship by descent automatically.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014.", "Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament."], "answer": {"text": "At age 19 she quit school to move to Nashville and pursue her dream of being a country singer.", "answer_start": 1043}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#3", "question": "did she succeed right away?", "rewrite": "did Faith Hill succeed right away?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.", "Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "Lindberg Park Lindberg Park is a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa. It is located in Region F of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality. Prior to the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand in 1886, the suburb lay on land on one of the original farms called \"Turffontein\". It became a suburb on 20 May 1955. Originally called Turf Club Extension it was eventually named after Albert Victor Lindberg a CNA bookstore director."], "answer": {"text": "In her early days in Nashville, Hill auditioned to be a backup singer for Reba McEntire, but failed to secure the job.", "answer_start": 1138}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever move away from home", "answer": {"text": "At age 19 she quit school to move to Nashville and pursue her dream of being a country singer.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#4", "question": "what did she do after the audition failed?", "rewrite": "what did Faith Hill do after the audition failed?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.", "Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "Firoz Khan, son of Fateh Khan, the grandson of Firoz Khan, now preferred his claim, and, the old vassals rallying round him, gained the chiefship in 1794. The state was, in 1809, brought in contact with the British East India Company, when an agreement was entered into by the chief to pay the Gaekwad a yearly tribute of \u00a34375 (Babashai Rs. 50,001). For some years, the chief power had been in the hands of a faction of Sindhi Jamadars, who, in 1812, under the suspicion that he was about to reduce their power, murdered Firoz Khan, when out hunting. They offered the succession to his only son Fateh Khan, then thirteen years old. Fateh Khan, by the advice of his mother, refused the offer, and requested the British and Gaekwads for help and protection from his father's murderers. On this the Jamadars seized and imprisoned him, and raised his uncle Shamsher Khan, then chief of the districts of Deesa and Dhanera, to the chiefship. British Captain Carnac, the Resident at Baroda State, with the British and Gaekwad forces under the command of General Holmes, proceeded to Palanpur. Fateh Khan and Samsher Khan both surrendered to the force and Jamadars fled the town. On 22 December 1813, Fateh Khan was invested with the chiefship of Palanpur, and Shamsher Khan, having no issue, adopted him, and, except a small provision for a son of his own should one be born, made him heir to all his possessions including Deesa and Dhanera. It was also arranged that Shamsher Khan should manage the state and give his daughter in marriage to Fateh Khan."], "answer": {"text": "After a stint selling T-shirts, Hill became a secretary at a music publishing firm.", "answer_start": 1257}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever move away from home", "answer": {"text": "At age 19 she quit school to move to Nashville and pursue her dream of being a country singer.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she succeed right away?", "answer": {"text": "In her early days in Nashville, Hill auditioned to be a backup singer for Reba McEntire, but failed to secure the job.", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#5", "question": "what did she do after being a secretary?", "rewrite": "what did Faith Hill do after being a secretary?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014.", "Maltese nationality law Maltese nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, although prior to 1 August 1989 the principle of Jus soli was the basis of the law. Dual citizenship was severely restricted under Maltese law from independence in 1964 until 10 February 2000, when all restrictions were removed. Dual citizenship had been allowed in limited circumstances from 1989, but only for persons born in Malta who met specific residence criteria. Prior to 21 September 1964, Malta was a British Crown colony and Maltese persons held British nationality. Maltese citizenship was conferred at Maltese Independence on 21 September 1964 upon persons born in Malta who had a Maltese-born parent. Persons acquiring Maltese citizenship at independence generally lost their British nationality (\"Citizenship of the UK and Colonies\") unless they had ties by way of birth or descent (father or paternal grandfather) to the United Kingdom itself or a place which remained a colony. Any \"Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC)\" connected with Malta who did not acquire Maltese citizenship at independence retained their CUKC status. Based on their ties with the United Kingdom, they became either British citizens or British Overseas citizens on 1 January 1983. See History of British nationality law The Malta Independence Order 1964 provided that any person born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 2001 automatically acquired Maltese citizenship at birth. From 1 August 2001, a person born in Malta only acquires Maltese citizenship at birth if a parent of that person is   Persons born outside Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 only acquired Maltese citizenship by descent if the father was:   Women could not pass on their Maltese citizenship unless they were unmarried. From 1 August 1989, children born outside Malta to Maltese born or naturalised mothers acquired Maltese citizenship by descent automatically.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament."], "answer": {"text": "Hill also landed a job at a local McDonald's restaurant franchise, which she disliked intensely.", "answer_start": 1341}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever move away from home", "answer": {"text": "At age 19 she quit school to move to Nashville and pursue her dream of being a country singer.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she succeed right away?", "answer": {"text": "In her early days in Nashville, Hill auditioned to be a backup singer for Reba McEntire, but failed to secure the job.", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do after the audition failed?", "answer": {"text": "After a stint selling T-shirts, Hill became a secretary at a music publishing firm.", "answer_start": 1257, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#6", "question": "did she quit mcdonalds?", "rewrite": "did Faith Hill quit mcdonalds during her early life?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.", "Duncan v McDonald Duncan v McDonald [1997] 3 NZLR 669 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the granting of relief under the Illegal Contracts Act 1970 for illegal contracts. The McDonalds entered into an illegal scheme with some Nigerians that in return of an investment of $285,000, they would receive $2,000,000. The McDonalds borrowed the money from an estate that Mr Duncan, a solicitor, was managing, and they used a property as security for the loan. Duncan was aware of the illegal nature of the transaction when he lent the money. Unsurprisingly, the McDonalds were a victim of a Nigerian scam, leaving the McDonalds unable to repay the mortgage on their property, and Duncan sought to enforce the mortgage. The McDonalds sought to have the mortgage set aside, as it was the result of financing of a crime, whilst Duncan sought validation. The court ordered validation of the mortgage, but only to the extent of $75,000. Footnote: This case is similar to Polymer Developments Group Ltd v Tilialo", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever move away from home", "answer": {"text": "At age 19 she quit school to move to Nashville and pursue her dream of being a country singer.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she succeed right away?", "answer": {"text": "In her early days in Nashville, Hill auditioned to be a backup singer for Reba McEntire, but failed to secure the job.", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do after the audition failed?", "answer": {"text": "After a stint selling T-shirts, Hill became a secretary at a music publishing firm.", "answer_start": 1257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do after being a secretary?", "answer": {"text": "Hill also landed a job at a local McDonald's restaurant franchise, which she disliked intensely.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides her career at Mcdonalds?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["McDonalds Crossroads, Delaware McDonalds Crossroads is an unincorporated community in Sussex County, Delaware, United States. McDonalds Crossroads is southwest of Georgetown.", "The Color Run was featured on an episode of ABC\u2019s \"Extreme Weightloss\" which aired on September 2, 2014. A Color Run was filmed for Australian soap opera Home and Away in October 2014, which was broadcast on April 7, 2015. The Color Run was honored as the \"Best B2C Marketing Team\" at the 2014 Utah Marketing Awards. Travis Snyder, founder and CEO of The Color Run, was selected as part of the \"Utah Business Magazine\" \"2015 Forty under 40\". He was the keynote speaker at Running USA\u2019s \"The Next Evolution\" conference held June 2015 in Chicago, with a focus on non-traditional races. \" Runners World\" named Snyder one of \"The 50 Most Influential People in Running\" for his innovation, social media savvy, and strategic influence in the running industry. The Color Run LLC in 2016 was ranked number 3420 on Inc. 5000 list of top 5000 fastest growing private companies. On 27 June 2015 a serious outdoors dust explosion occurred in Taiwan's New Taipei City due to colored cornstarch powder, injuring over 500 participants and causing 15 deaths. This brought public attention to the possible health and safety dangers of airborne powders such as the combustible starch powder used by The Color Run. The Taiwanese authorities have since banned events islandwide involving combustible colored powder. On 30 June 2015 the Singapore Police Force (SPF) and Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) said in a joint statement that they will assess all safety aspects associated with the use of colored powder before granting approval for the upcoming Color Run event to be held in Singapore. Additional measures such as changing the colored powder to non-combustible materials such as colored water mist may be required before the event is given approval to proceed. Due to ongoing safety concerns, Shanghai called off its Color Run.", "McDonalds Mill, Virginia McDonalds Mill is an unincorporated community in the northeastern section of Montgomery County, Virginia. Located approximately 10 miles east of Blacksburg, Virginia along State Route 785, McDonalds Mill lies at the floor of the Catawba Valley and is bound on the south by Paris Mountain and to the north by Gallion Ridge. A post office called McDonalds Mills operated from 1847 until 1913. George McDonald operated a mill there, hence the name.", "\u201eTamino\", County Theatre Mecklenburg / ORF / NDR SNOW WHITE kidsmusical (Peter Rapp) - \u201ePrince Charming\", Akzent Theater Wien BEST OF MUSICALS (dir.: Kim Duddy) - member since 1990 BLUE MOON EXPERIENCE \u201eSLEEPWALKING\" - Multi Media Show (or MERCEDES, IBM, McDONALDS, VW-SKODA a.o.) CASINO X-MAS SHOW (dir.: Ruppert Henning) - Revue mit versch. G\u00e4sten/ revue with various guests, Casino Baden BLUE MOON EXPERIENCE \u201eSLEEPWALKING\" - Multi Media Show (for MERCEDES, IBM, McDONALDS, VW-SKODA a.o..) BEST OF MUSICALS (dir.: Kim Duddy) - member since 1990 BLONDEL (dir. : Werner Sobotka) - \u201eRichard the lionhearted\", Summerstock Amstetten VIENNA MUSICAL PROJECT SOUTH AMERICAN TOUR (dir.: K. Peterson), MS Arkona BEST OF MUSICALS (Reg./dir.: Kim Duddy) - Mitglied/member seit/since 1990 DIE NACHT DER MUSICALS /BROADWAY MUSICAL NIGHT (A.+A. Diepold), musical revue tour production (Austria+Germany) BLUE MOON EXPERIENCE \u201eSLEEPWALKING\" - Multi Media Show (F\u00fcr/for MERCEDES, IBM, McDONALDS, VW-SKODA u.v.a.) MAIN STREETs \u201eKAMB\u00c4CK TOUR\" \" - Club Tour AUSTRIA VIENNA MUSICAL PROJECT MEDITERANIAN CRUISE (Reg./dir.: K. Peterson) , MS AZUR MAIN STREETs \u201eKAMB\u00c4CK TOUR\" \" - Club Tour AUSTRIA BEST OF MUSICALS (Reg./dir.: Kim Duddy) - Mitglied/member seit/since 1990", "Duncan v McDonald Duncan v McDonald [1997] 3 NZLR 669 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding the granting of relief under the Illegal Contracts Act 1970 for illegal contracts. The McDonalds entered into an illegal scheme with some Nigerians that in return of an investment of $285,000, they would receive $2,000,000. The McDonalds borrowed the money from an estate that Mr Duncan, a solicitor, was managing, and they used a property as security for the loan. Duncan was aware of the illegal nature of the transaction when he lent the money. Unsurprisingly, the McDonalds were a victim of a Nigerian scam, leaving the McDonalds unable to repay the mortgage on their property, and Duncan sought to enforce the mortgage. The McDonalds sought to have the mortgage set aside, as it was the result of financing of a crime, whilst Duncan sought validation. The court ordered validation of the mortgage, but only to the extent of $75,000. Footnote: This case is similar to Polymer Developments Group Ltd v Tilialo"], "answer": {"text": "In 1988, she married music publishing executive Daniel Hill (not to be confused with Canadian musician Dan Hill).", "answer_start": 1512}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever move away from home", "answer": {"text": "At age 19 she quit school to move to Nashville and pursue her dream of being a country singer.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she succeed right away?", "answer": {"text": "In her early days in Nashville, Hill auditioned to be a backup singer for Reba McEntire, but failed to secure the job.", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do after the audition failed?", "answer": {"text": "After a stint selling T-shirts, Hill became a secretary at a music publishing firm.", "answer_start": 1257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do after being a secretary?", "answer": {"text": "Hill also landed a job at a local McDonald's restaurant franchise, which she disliked intensely.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she quit mcdonalds?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7be1a298ead14398a279969abcbef986_1_q#8", "question": "did they have kids?", "rewrite": "did Faith Hill and her partner have kids?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meanwhile Back at Mama's  \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill. It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\". The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas. Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song. He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows. None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\" He also praised Faith Hill's vocals, saying \"together, Faith Hill and Tim McGraw have never missed. Each song they record together feels like a gift. They're strategic with when they share a studio, never doing so when the time and song isn\u2019t right. The chorus of this song is a sing-along with familial roots. Anyone other than Hill would have almost been offensive.\" The music video was directed by Shane Drake and premiered in June 2014. The video was shot at Tim & Faith's farm in Nashville and performance shots from their 2014 ACM performance was also used in the video. \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" debuted at number 41 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart for the week of May 3, 2014. The song peaked at #2 on country airplay. The song has sold 585,000 copies in the U.S. as of October 2014.", "Byron Gallimore Byron Gallimore (born in Puryear, Tennessee) is an American record producer known for more than two decades of work in the field of country music. He has worked with artists Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, Sugarland, Lee Ann Womack, and Jo Dee Messina. Faith Hill's 1999 album \"Breathe\" won him the Grammy Award for Best Country Album. Gallimore also produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. Gallimore was born in Puryear, Tennessee. He earned an engineering degree from Murray State University. He played in rock 'n' roll and country cover bands from the age of 11 and that led him to songwriting and recording. In 1980 he won the Music City Song Festival songwriting contest with the single \"No Ordinary Woman\", which was released that year on the Little Giant record label, peaking at No. 93 on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. He moved to Nashville in 1986. Gallimore has produced 12 of Tim McGraw's albums, 11 of which debuted at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" charts. He has produced more than 50 No. 1 Country Radio singles. He won a Grammy Award for Best Country Album in 2001 for Faith Hill's album \"Breathe\" and produced the single \"Breathe\" from the album. He also produced the song \"Stay\" which won a Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals Grammy for Sugarland in 2008. \" Billboard\" named him Producer of the Year in 2000, 2001 and 2002. In addition to Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Sugarland, Gallimore has produced Lee Ann Womack, Brooks & Dunn, Martina McBride, Jo Dee Messina, Jessica Andrews, Randy Travis, Phil Vassar, Terri Clark, and \"American Idol\" runner-up Lauren Alaina.", "Faith Hill performs with CGI blue neon lights and video screens in the settings of the background and at the end of the video, the Vince Lombardi Trophy enters through pouring water, showing the trophy in front of the city of Tampa (the host city of Super Bowl XLIII). For 2009, Faith Hill appears in the intro sequence performed in a closed-studio setting, surrounded by video monitors, neon lights and a message board that displayed the names of the production staff. Sprint returned for more product placement, as a branded cell phone appeared to give an alert that the game was about to start. Faith Hill was seen in front of a Ford Mustang convertible as the song began, overlooking a bluff; the scene was taped in the Hollywood Hills in California. A number of NFL stars appeared in front of various landmarks throughout the United States, including Peyton Manning at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Eli Manning at Times Square, DeSean Jackson at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Larry Fitzgerald in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona and Drew Brees on Bourbon Street in New Orleans. Hill herself drove down a road with some simulated billboards with the opening credits and a product placement ad for Verizon (which replaced Sprint as the league's telecommunications sponsor) and was also seen at the Washington Monument. Some of the lyrics changed yet again; for example, the opening line once again asked, \" Alright, Sunday night, where are you?\" Hill gathered with the NFL stars on a football field inside a stadium at the end of the video. In Week 16, the introduction did not air due to the game moving to Tuesday night and time constraints. There were a few significant changes from the previous year, including Faith Hill (who herself returned for her fifth year as part of the telecast's opening) arriving in a motorcycle. In addition, Verizon returned for more product placement.", "Maltese nationality law Maltese nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, although prior to 1 August 1989 the principle of Jus soli was the basis of the law. Dual citizenship was severely restricted under Maltese law from independence in 1964 until 10 February 2000, when all restrictions were removed. Dual citizenship had been allowed in limited circumstances from 1989, but only for persons born in Malta who met specific residence criteria. Prior to 21 September 1964, Malta was a British Crown colony and Maltese persons held British nationality. Maltese citizenship was conferred at Maltese Independence on 21 September 1964 upon persons born in Malta who had a Maltese-born parent. Persons acquiring Maltese citizenship at independence generally lost their British nationality (\"Citizenship of the UK and Colonies\") unless they had ties by way of birth or descent (father or paternal grandfather) to the United Kingdom itself or a place which remained a colony. Any \"Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC)\" connected with Malta who did not acquire Maltese citizenship at independence retained their CUKC status. Based on their ties with the United Kingdom, they became either British citizens or British Overseas citizens on 1 January 1983. See History of British nationality law The Malta Independence Order 1964 provided that any person born in Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 2001 automatically acquired Maltese citizenship at birth. From 1 August 2001, a person born in Malta only acquires Maltese citizenship at birth if a parent of that person is   Persons born outside Malta between 21 September 1964 and 31 July 1989 only acquired Maltese citizenship by descent if the father was:   Women could not pass on their Maltese citizenship unless they were unmarried. From 1 August 1989, children born outside Malta to Maltese born or naturalised mothers acquired Maltese citizenship by descent automatically.", "From 1 August 1989 Maltese law was amended to allow certain emigrants from Malta to retain Maltese citizenship. It was necessary to have been born in Malta and meet certain residential criteria in order to benefit from this provision. Those covered by this limited exception were deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. In other words, the change in the law was retrospective to 21 September 1964. The reform did not assist Maltese citizens by descent who had been born in other countries (such as Australia or Canada) who were still obliged to renounce their other citizenship by age 19 or face automatic loss of Maltese citizenship. For example, between 1964 and 2000 (when the law changed), approximately 2000 Australian born young persons (aged 18) renounced their Australian citizenship in order to retain Maltese citizenship. They were generally unable to recover their Australian citizenship later on, or migrate back to Australia. Details From 10 February 2000, it was no longer possible to involuntarily lose Maltese citizenship based on possession or acquisition of a foreign citizenship. A former Maltese citizen by birth or descent who had resided outside Malta for 6 years was automatically conferred with Maltese citizenship retrospective to the date on which they lost it. In other words, they are deemed \"never\" to have lost Maltese citizenship. Other former Maltese citizens who do not meet the requirements for automatic re-acquisition of Maltese citizenship are entitled to obtain Maltese citizenship by registration. This includes former Maltese citizens who acquired that status by naturalisation or registration, and those who resided outside Malta for less than 6 years. With effect from 10 February 2000, there are no restrictions under Maltese law on its citizens holding other citizenships. Dual citizens are entitled to hold a Maltese passport. Because Malta forms part of the European Union, Maltese citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was faith hill born?", "answer": {"text": "Hill was born in Ridgeland, Mississippi, north of Jackson, Mississippi.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Her adoptive parents, Edna and Ted Perry, raised her with their two biological sons in a devout Christian environment.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever move away from home", "answer": {"text": "At age 19 she quit school to move to Nashville and pursue her dream of being a country singer.", "answer_start": 1043, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she succeed right away?", "answer": {"text": "In her early days in Nashville, Hill auditioned to be a backup singer for Reba McEntire, but failed to secure the job.", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do after the audition failed?", "answer": {"text": "After a stint selling T-shirts, Hill became a secretary at a music publishing firm.", "answer_start": 1257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do after being a secretary?", "answer": {"text": "Hill also landed a job at a local McDonald's restaurant franchise, which she disliked intensely.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she quit mcdonalds?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1988, she married music publishing executive Daniel Hill (not to be confused with Canadian musician Dan Hill).", "answer_start": 1512, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4a39c65e54983894878c8becd46d5_1_q#0", "question": "How did Travis get started?", "rewrite": "How did Travis get started?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 4 June, the \"Freikorps\" attacked Polish positions at Kandrzin\u2014present-day K\u0119dzierzyn\u2014and Slawentzitz\u2014present-day S\u0142awi\u0119cice. In this battle Strachwitz and his men captured a Polish artillery battery which they turned against the Poles. For these services he received the \"Schlesischer Adler\" (Silesian Eagle) medal, Second and First Class with Oak Leaves and Swords. His younger brother Manfred also fought for Silesia, and was severely wounded leading his men at Krizova. Two months later his wife gave birth to their second child, a daughter named Alexandrine Aloysia Maria Elisabeth Therese born on 30 July 1921, nicknamed \"Lisalex\". The Ministry of the Reichswehr informed him in 1921 that he had been promoted to \"Oberleutnant\" (First Lieutenant), the promotion backdated to 1916. The Strachwitz family grew further when on 22 March 1925 a third child, a son named Hubertus Arthur, nicknamed \"Harti\", was born on their manor at Schedlitz, later renamed Alt Siedel\u2014present-day Siedlec. In 1925, Strachwitz and his family moved from their palace in Gro\u00df Stein to their manor in Alt Siedel, because of personal differences with his father, who remained in Gro\u00df Stein. Between 1924 and 1933 Strachwitz founded two dairy cooperatives which many local farmers joined. In parallel he studied a few semesters of forestry. He used his knowledge to influence the Silesian forest owners to sell their wood to the paper mills. He continued to use his influence in Upper Silesia to modernize forestry and farming.", "Ken then agrees to help Travis get his book published, going with him to meet the publisher Ms. Carmichael when she comes to town, and even arranges some publicity with a TV interview at a station owned by a friend of his. Travis then gets a surprise visit from his friend Joe, who had hitchhiked his way there. Instead of this being a joyous event, Joe reveals that after Travis left, his friends, Joe and the twins, Billy and Mike, had turned to burglary, fencing the goods through a man named Orson. After Joe quit, the twins continued their burglaries, but found a new fence. For this, Orson killed the twins and tried to make Joe help him. Travis and Ken convince Joe that he must return to face trial as an accomplice, and take him to the local police for extradition. As they return to Ken's ranch, a huge lightning storm strikes and Ken and Travis must go help Casey round up the horses into the barn. As they do this, the Star Runner breaks free of his paddock. Casey and Travis give chase only to have Casey's jeep struck by lightning. Although it is not directly stated, the Star Runner is killed (This is implied from Travis smelling burned flesh). The book ends as Casey and Travis have recovered from the accident and the temporary hearing loss. Though Casey had previously spurned Travis' romantic overtures, they are now close friends who share a common bond. Travis also realizes that he, like the Star Runner, should never allow himself to be tamed or broken, even when life is at its worst.", "I Can't Get Started \"I Can't Get Started\" (also known as \"I Can't Get Started with You\" or \"I Can't Get Started (with You)\") is a popular song, with lyric by Ira Gershwin and music by Vernon Duke (1936) , that was first heard in the theatrical production \"Ziegfeld Follies of 1936\" where it was sung by Bob Hope. Hal Kemp and his Orchestra recorded it at that time and it had a bit of popularity, rising briefly to 14th place on the recording charts. Probably the three most popular vintage recorded versions are those of Bunny Berigan, Billie Holiday and Frank Sinatra. \"I Can't Get Started\" is the plaintive song of a man who has achieved and won everything he could hope for except the attention of the woman he desires. The rarely heard verse explains the situation (\"I'm a glum one , it's explainable, I met someone unattainable, Life's a bore, the world is my oyster no more. All the papers where I led the news, With my capers, soon will spread the news: 'Superman turns out to be flash in the pan.'\") Gershwin's lines (\"I've flown around the world in a plane ... Settled revolutions in Spain ... Been consulted by Franklin D ... Greta Garbo has asked me to tea\") are so topical and totally dated to the headlines of the 1930s that they break the mold for ballads. Yet they have such a clever, endearing charm that only a brave singer will dare to replace them (Sinatra dared with \"...designed the latest IBM brain...\"). The melody, true to the theme of the lyric, starts out at a low pitch and rarely goes very far up.", "His ambitions were aided by his presidency of the \"Forstausschuss\" (Forestry Committee) of Upper Silesia and his membership in the \"Landwirtschaftskammer\" (Chamber of Agriculture). Strachwitz completely took over his father's estate in 1929, first as the General Manager and then as owner, with full responsibility. This made Strachwitz one of the most wealthy land and forest owners in Silesia. Along with the palace in Gro\u00df Stein he owned a lime kiln and quarry in Klein Stein\u2014present-day Kamionek\u2014and Gro\u00df Stein, a distillery in Gro\u00df Stein and Alt Siedel. Strachwitz applied for membership in the Nazi Party (NSDAP\u2014National Socialist German Workers' Party) with the \"Reichsleitung\" (Reich Leadership) of the NSDAP in Munich in 1931. He was accepted and in 1932 joined the \"Ortsgruppe\" (Local Group) of the NSDAP in Breslau with a membership number 1,405,562. On 17 April 1933 he became a member of the Allgemeine SS with the SS membership number 82,857. A series of quick promotions within the SS followed. He progressed to SS-\"Obersturmf\u00fchrer\" by the end of 1934 and SS-\"Sturmbannf\u00fchrer\" in 1936. In parallel to his SS-career, his military rank in the military reserve force also advanced. He attained the rank of \"Hauptmann\" (Captain) of the Reserves in 1934 and a year later became a \"Rittmeister\" (Cavalry Captain) of the Reserves. On 30 January 1933, the Nazi Party, under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, came to power and began to rearm Germany.", "Travis is faced with the harsh decision that he must kill Old Yeller after the fight with the wolf, which he does because he cannot risk Old Yeller becoming sick and turning on the family. Old Yeller had puppies with one of Travis' friend's dogs, and one of the puppies helps Travis get over Old Yeller's death. They take in the new dog and try to begin a fresh start. Old Yeller in the novel is described as being a \"yellow cur\". It has been claimed that the dog was actually modeled after the Yellow or Southern Black Mouth Cur. In the Disney movie Yeller was portrayed by a yellow Labrador Retriever/Mastiff mix. The inspiration for the dog Old Yeller was based on a dog named Rattler from Mason, Texas. The new puppy becomes the title character of the follow-up book \"Savage Sam\" (1962) and 1963 movie. A third book, \"Little Arliss\" (1978), is set after the first two and features Travis' younger brother."], "answer": {"text": "formed by brothers Chris Martyn (bass) and Geoff Martyn (keyboards) along with Simon Jarvis (drums). Andy Dunlop, a school friend at Lenzie Academy, was drafted in on guitar.", "answer_start": 38}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_acd4a39c65e54983894878c8becd46d5_1_q#1", "question": "When did they start playing?", "rewrite": "When did Travis start playing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Even for its time, when early television productions often were thrown-together affairs, the quality of the show often is considered crude or low-budget, owing much to the fact that the show was done live and DuMont had a meager budget to work with. A laudatory review by comic author Dave Barry referenced the \"Captain Video Rocket Ring,\" a promotional tie-in piece of merchandise distributed via Power House candy bars, saying that the ring \"seemed to have a higher production value than the actual TV show.\" In the early days of the series, the show featured often incoherent scripts, along with jarring plot shifts to old cowboy movies. This led to derision of the show by the critics of the day, although it always was wildly popular with kids and many adults. This improved after 1952 when scripts began being written by such major science fiction writers active at the time as Damon Knight, James Blish, Jack Vance and Arthur C. Clarke. These late scripts displayed more intelligence, discipline and imagination than most of the other children's sci-fi series scripts of the era. Other well-known authors who occasionally wrote for the program included Isaac Asimov, Cyril M. Kornbluth, Milt Lesser, Walter M. Miller, Jr., Robert Sheckley, J. T. McIntosh and Robert S. Richardson. One of the more prolific writers for the show was Maurice C. Brachhausen\u2014who wrote under the name M.C. Brock, and later had his own production company, Brock Video Productions. Throughout the run of the series, it had a meager budget despite its success with the general public. in fact, according to most records, the show's \"prop budget\" was a miserly $25 per week, supplemented by items borrowed from nearby sporting goods shops, as cited by Al Hodge in a radio interview on National Public Radio", "Travis wakes in a wilderness retreat, where Father Jay forces him to go through involuntary drug detoxification. Travis escapes his cabin, only to be recaptured and taken back after he collapses. Travis explains to Grace that he abuses prescription drugs and alcohol to avoid feeling anything, and she reveals her parents abandoned her, leaving her with no family but Father Jay. Though skeptical of Father Jay and his methods, Travis nonetheless agrees to continue his treatment. Travis changes his mind when Father Jay provokes an emotional reaction in Travis by nearly drowning him. Father Jay allows him to leave the compound, but Travis finds he cannot do so and instead begs Father Jay to help him. Travis makes a breakthrough when Father Jay urges him to confront himself. Travis admits to self-loathing and blames himself for Rachel's death. A flashback to the day of her suicide reveals that Rachel called him on the phone before she jumped, but Travis did not attempt to save her by running upstairs. The other members all hug Travis and tell him that they love him. Travis' faith is shaken when he stumbles on Father Jay as he has sex with Marcus. Later, at a celebration, Grace kisses Travis, but his doubts only grow. Believing Father Jay to have forced himself on the vulnerable Marcus, Travis publicly confronts Father Jay and attempts to get Marcus to leave with him. Father Jay condemns Travis as a lying sociopath who has become jealous of Marcus' recovery, and Travis is banished from the group after being beaten. As Tom drives him out of the compound, Grace calls for them to wait and joins them. Marcus emerges from the compound with a pistol and fires several shots at the vehicle. When Father Jay tries to talk down Marcus, Marcus shoots Father Jay, then kills himself. Travis attempts to aid Father Jay, but the others will not let him.", "In attempting to find an outlet for his frustrations, Travis begins a program of intense physical training. A fellow taxi driver refers him to an illegal gun dealer, \"Easy\" Andy, from whom Travis buys four handguns. At home, Travis practices drawing his weapons, and modifies one to allow him to hide and quickly deploy it from his sleeve. He also begins attending Palantine's rallies to scope out their security. One night, Travis enters a convenience store moments before an attempted armed robbery, and fatally shoots the robber. To help him evade arrest, the store owner takes responsibility for the deed, claiming one of Travis's guns as his own. Travis seeks out Iris, through Sport, and twice tries to convince her to stop prostituting herself, an effort which partially convinces her. After a breakfast with Iris, Travis mails her a letter containing money, imploring her to return home. Travis cuts his hair into a mohawk, and attends a public rally where he intends to assassinate Palantine. Travis almost pulls out one of his guns, but Secret Service agents notice him putting his hand inside his coat. He almost gets caught, but he succesfuly escapes the scene. That evening, Travis drives to Sport's brothel in the East Village. Travis shoots Sport in the stomach, causing a shootout to start. He shoots a gangster in the hand, but Sport gets up and shoots him in the neck before Travis guns him down again. Then Iris' customer comes through the door from her room and shoots him in the arm and Travis kills him with the sleeve concealed gun. He is attacked by the gangster again who he stabs through the hand and finally shoots dead before the crying Iris. As the police arrive,Travis attempts to contemplate suicide, but runs out of ammo and he passes out from blood loss.", "Walkin' the Strings Walkin' the Strings was the first solo acoustic guitar album by Merle Travis, released in 1960 but recorded in the late 1940s and early 1950s, when Travis was at the peak of his performing abilities. It is widely regarded as one of Travis's finest musical achievements. Travis began playing solo guitar numbers on his radio shows as early as the late 1930s, but it was only in the mid-1940s that Travis began using his Martin D-28 acoustic guitar to record various vocals and instrumental numbers for Capitol's Electrical Transcriptions series. These recordings were originally intended for radio broadcast. Capitol's A & R executive, Lee Gillette, wanted instrumentals of varying lengths and would ask Travis to play something for a specific amount of time, typically quite short; the shortest of the numbers included on this album, \"Travis Trot\", lasts just 29 seconds. (The vocal numbers were of standard length.) The instrumentals could thus be used as fillers and breaks between program segments. The performances were unrehearsed, and it was said that Travis could start and stop anywhere he chose in order to meet the time constraints. Keeping his eye on the clock as he played, Travis drew on his rich repertoire of Muhlenberg County guitar licks, blues, old standards and gospel songs. Some songs were untitled when they were recorded and were only given titles by Capitol later. These songs were still lying in the vaults when Travis' fame as a guitarist began to reach a wider public in the 1950s. Following an initial instrumental album played on electric guitar, \"The Merle Travis Guitar\" (Capitol 1956), the radio transcriptions were collected and published as the present LP album in 1960 (the cover bizarrely shows Travis in Country and Western gear holding his custom-built Gibson \"electric\" guitar, rather than the Martin acoustic he actually used in these recordings).", "The Midnight Man (2016 horror film) The Midnight Man is a 2016 horror film directed by Travis Zariwny and starring Gabrielle Haugh, Lin Shaye and Grayson Gabriel. In 1953 three children are seen playing a game beginning at midnight and ending at 3:33 a.m.. Their game seems to be in fact a horrible waking nightmare in which they must avoid being captured by The Midnight Man (Strauts) who feeds on their fears and ultimately kills them. By the end of the game only one player, a girl named Anna, remains alive. The plot then jumps to 2016 and Anna (Shaye), is a grandmother who has been diagnosed with a dementia related illness and still lives in the property the game took place. She is cared for by her teenage granddaughter Alex (Haugh). One evening, Alex's close friend Miles (Gabriel) comes over and the two discover the game. Anna freaks out after seeing the game and is treated by Dr Harding (Robert Englund) who advices them and leaves immediately. They start playing without reading the list of rules till the end as a piece of paper seems to be missing. Once they start playing Alex goes to check on her grandma but when she reaches, Anna blows her candle off and she gets trapped in the bathroom by The Midnight Man who plays tricks on her. Here Miles too experiments by blowing off his candle and is punished by The Midnight Man. Later he runs to save alex and brings her downstairs. Certainly Kelly (Haine) arrives and insists of playing the game. While playing Kelly's candle goes off but couldn't be lit up within 10 seconds so they draw a circle around her. Kelly is killed while Alex and Miles go searching for another candle. For their concern Dr Harding arrives again and helps them to destroy the game after revealing that he too was there when Anna on her childhood played the game."], "answer": {"text": "in 1993,", "answer_start": 993}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Travis get started?", "answer": {"text": "formed by brothers Chris Martyn (bass) and Geoff Martyn (keyboards) along with Simon Jarvis (drums). Andy Dunlop, a school friend at Lenzie Academy, was drafted in on guitar.", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4a39c65e54983894878c8becd46d5_1_q#2", "question": "What was thier first record?", "rewrite": "What was Travis first record?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mick Travis Michael Arnold \"Mick\" Travis is a fictional English character played by Malcolm McDowell in three films directed by British film director Lindsay Anderson and written by David Sherwin. Travis features not so much as a single character with a character arc, but as an everyman character whose role changes according to the needs of the storyteller. In 1968's \"if...\", his first appearance (and McDowell's film debut), Travis first appears as a disaffected public school boy whose anti-establishment attitude and experiences lead to armed insurrection at a private school. The film was made at Cheltenham College, Lindsay Anderson's old school, and many of the scenes drew heavily on his experience in the Officers Training Corps at Cheltenham, which he had joined in May 1937. It also draws heavily upon Tonbridge School, where the two screenwriters both went, and several characters, including the child-abusing chaplain, are based on real people who taught at Tonbridge. In \"O Lucky Man!\", cowritten by Sherwin and McDowell, Travis becomes a picaresque character, often compared to Voltaire's ing\u00e9nu character Candide, in a satirical drama that starts with Travis's first job as a mobile coffee salesman and, after many adventures involving arms-sale scandals, experiments in human-animal genetics by the mad scientist Doctor Millar (played by Graham Crowden), and a sojourn with the musician Alan Price, ends in his rebirth as a film star, thanks to a slap by a film director played in a cameo by Anderson\u2014the scene was a depiction of McDowell's first audition in which McDowell was slapped (according to script, which he had not read) by Christine Noonan, who played 'the girl' in \"if...\" and briefly appeared (in two roles) in \"O Lucky Man!\"", "Machiste  Machiste is a supporting character in the Warlord a sword and sorcery comic book published by DC Comics. Machiste debuts in \"Warlord\" #2 (March 1976), and was created by Mike Grell. Machiste is the wandering King of Kiro in the other dimensional realm of Skartaris, land of endless sun. He met Travis Morgan when they both served as galley slaves aboard the ship \"Gyrfalcon\". They quickly became close friends and both were sold as gladiators. Former gladiator Shebal trained them both in the arts of the arena. Travis Morgan led 200 gladiators (including Machiste) in a massive revolt. These rebel gladiators became the core of an army that Travis Morgan successfully led against the tyrannical king of Thera, his future archenemy Deimos. It was as the leader of this new army, that Travis first became known as the Warlord. Deimos had intended to conquer the rest of Skartaris using the advanced technology of ancient Atlantis. After Deimos' defeat, Machiste returned to his home kingdom of Kiro. While there he found an ancient cursed axe containing a demonic entity which took possession of his mind. The demon's will prevented Machiste from letting go of the axe. In issue #7 Travis Morgan arrived in Kiro. Machiste revealed to him the secret he had hinted at during their captivity- - Machiste was the King of Kiro. Seeing that the axe's influence was making Machiste more and more tyrannical as well as violent, Travis was forced to remove his friend's right hand, thus severing the axe's spell. Machiste replaced his lost right hand with a spike studded mace. This is also the first meeting of Machiste and his future lover Mariah Romanova.", "Frank begins drinking, and we learn through several different voices that Frank used to be some kind of enforcer for Mickey. In order to force Mickey to give him back his abducted wife, Frank abducts Mickey's daughter Crystal (Lynn Mancinelli). After a phone call to Mickey, Franks and Crystal get drunk, and we find out more about Frank's association with Mickey. Mickey meanwhile has taken Travis prisoner, and shows him a cellphone video of Travis having sex with Gina. Mickey threatens to tell Frank that Travis has had sex with his wife, and reveals more of Bad Frank's past. Finally Frank and Mickey meet up to exchange hostages. Frank has seen the video, and tells Mickey that he has taken everything from him. He breaks Crystal's neck; Travis bumps Mickey so that Mickey has to shoot Travis first, which gives Frank time to get to Mickey. Frank beats Mickey to death, then, covered in blood, tells Gina he wants to try to start over. The film ends with Frank driving off with Gina crying, still tied up in the back of his truck. Bad Frank was reportedly shot for $80,000. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an audience approval rating of 65% based on 31 reviews. Available on Amazon Prime, the film has 3 of 5 stars with 82 reviews, and a 4.9 star rating on IMDB. Morbidly Beautiful writes, \"In many respects, Bad Frank is a 'perfect storm,' in which the hard work of all of the production staff and the actors combine to create a tense and entertaining thrill ride that will have you biting your nails in anticipation of what will happen in the next scene.\"", "Sixteen Tons \"Sixteen Tons\" is a song written by Merle Travis about a coal miner, based on life in coal mines in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky. Travis first recorded the song at the Radio Recorders Studio B in Hollywood, California, on August 8, 1946. Cliffie Stone played bass on the recording. It was first released in July 1947 by Capitol on Travis's album \"Folk Songs of the Hills\". The song became a gold record. The line \"You load sixteen tons and what do you get? Another day older and deeper in debt\" came from a letter written by Travis's brother John. Another line came from their father, a coal miner, who would say: \"I can't afford to die. I owe my soul to the company store.\" A 1955 version recorded by Tennessee Ernie Ford reached number one in the \"Billboard\" charts, while another version by Frankie Laine 1956 was released only in Western Europe, where it gave Ford's version competition. On March 25, 2015, Ford's version of the song was inducted into the Library of Congress's National Recording Registry. The sole authorship of \"Sixteen Tons\" is attributed to Merle Travis on all recordings beginning with Travis's own 1946 record and is registered with BMI as a Merle Travis composition. George S. Davis, a folk singer and songwriter who had been a Kentucky coal miner, claimed on a 1966 recording for Folkways Records to have written the song as \"Nine-to-ten tons\" in the 1930s; he also at different times claimed to have written the song as \"Twenty-One Tons\". There is no supporting evidence for Davis's claim. Davis's 1966 recording of his version of the song (with some slightly different lyrics and tune, but titled \"Sixteen Tons\") appears on the albums \"George Davis:", "I Told You So (Randy Travis song) \"I Told You So\" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Randy Travis from his 1987 album, \"Always & Forever\". It reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" and Canadian \"RPM\" country singles charts in June 1988. Travis had first recorded it on his 1983 album \"Live at the Nashville Palace\" under his stage name \"Randy Ray\". It became a local hit and one of his most requested songs at the club. In 2007, the song was covered by Carrie Underwood on her album \"Carnival Ride\". Her version was released in February 2009 and was re-recorded and re-released in March as a duet with Travis. Underwood's and Travis's duet peaked at number two on the U.S. country charts in 2009. \"I Told You So\" is a mid-tempo in which the narrator poses a hypothetical situation, asking how his lover would react if he said he wanted to come back home. He asks if she would say that she loves him, or \"simply laugh at [him] and say 'I told you so'\" because she has found someone else. Travis first recorded this for his 1983 \"Live at the Nashville Palace\" under this stage name at the time \"Randy  Ray\". It was a local hit for him. Travis re-recorded it for his \"Always & Forever\" and released it as a single. His rendition was a Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts, peaking in June 1988 and spending two weeks at that position. Randy Travis later recollected on Twitty's response to the song's popularity."], "answer": {"text": "Dream On", "answer_start": 1087}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Travis get started?", "answer": {"text": "formed by brothers Chris Martyn (bass) and Geoff Martyn (keyboards) along with Simon Jarvis (drums). Andy Dunlop, a school friend at Lenzie Academy, was drafted in on guitar.", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they start playing?", "answer": {"text": "in 1993,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4a39c65e54983894878c8becd46d5_1_q#3", "question": "Did they win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Travis win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sante Gaiardoni Sante Gaiardoni (born 29 June 1939) is a retired Italian cyclist. He won two gold medals at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, in the 1000 m time trial and the 1000 m sprint. Between 1958 and 1970 he won two gold, four silver and two bronze medals in sprint events at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships. After retirement in 1971 he ran a bicycle shop in Lorenteggio, Milan. In the 2000s he was active in politics and took part in the 2006 Italian municipal elections. In 2010, together with journalist Francesco Lodi, he published a book \"Quando la Rabbia si trasforma in Vittoria\" (\"When the anger turns into victory\") describing his early life until 1960. On 7 May 2015, in the presence of the President of Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI), Giovanni Malag\u00f2, was inaugurated in the Olympic Park of the Foro Italico in Rome, along \"Viale delle Olimpiadi\", the Walk of Fame of Italian sport, consisting of 100 tiles that chronologically report names of the most representative athletes in the history of Italian sport. On each tile there is the name of the sportsman, the sport in which he distinguished himself and the symbol of CONI. One of the tiles is dedicated to Sante Gaiardoni.", "Travis' brother Joel (David Woodley), his wife, Natalie (Antoinette Byron), and their children Gypsy (Kimberley Cooper) and Tom (Graeme Squires), move to Summer Bay after Joel takes a position at Yabbie Creek Police Station. Joel and Travis are initially frosty to one another as Joel had disappeared seventeen years earlier without a word. He tells Travis that their father had made unwanted sexual advances towards Natalie and the two brothers reconcile. When Joel, Natalie and the kids are left homeless after a confrontation with Robert Perez (Toni Poli), Travis and Rebecca invite them to move in. Travis discovers his father had another family and meets his half-sister, Claire Andrews (Kate Beaham), who is resentful that Travis inherited Jack's house and business and she begins stealing from him. Joel suggests Travis presses charges, but he refuses to. Travis and Rebecca jump at the chance of work on a tall ship and leave Summer Bay quietly, after Joel and Natalie agree to take care of the house and Justine and Peta Janossi (Aleetza Wood). Travis and Rebecca set up home in Canada and a couple of years later, Donald reveals that they have had a son together. For his portrayal of Travis, Testoni won the \"Most Popular New Talent\" Logie Award in 1996. A year later, Testoni was nominated for \"Most Popular Actor\". In 1998, Travis and Rebecca were named \"Best Couple\" at the Inside Soap Awards. They received a nomination in the same category the following year. Judy Johnson of \"The Sun-Herald\" branded Travis a \"dreamboat fisherman.\" Matt Condon of \"The Sun-Herald\" referred to Travis in his article about \"dumb\" Male characters on television. He opined \"Travis' rampant stupidity keeps upsetting the balance.", "When Bex tells Louise that Alexandra followed Travis into the kitchen, Alexandra admits to Louise that Travis did not spike her drink without revealing that she and Madison did it. Sharon wants to meet Travis, inviting him for dinner, but Louise calls it off when Madison and Alexandra tells her he is only interested in sex. Travis later kisses Louise in the park, but she runs away. Louise meets Travis and he asks her if she wants to break up with him. She denies it and he denies it too when she asks the same question. Travis asks Louise if she is ready to have sex but they are both unsure. Travis humiliates Keegan in front of his schoolmates after Keegan makes fun of him. Travis breaks up with Louise, believing the rumours that Louise had sex with Keegan. Madison and Alexandra tell him that he did the right thing. During rehearsal, Alexandra confidentially kisses Travis despite the role calling for her to act shy. After Louise tells Bex she is worried that Travis and Alexandra are getting close, Bex and Shakil talk to Travis, who says that he only sees Alexandra as Juliet and wonders if he has given her a wrong impression, especially as he agreed to take her to the prom as friends. He thinks that Louise hates him but Bex and Shakil convince him otherwise and tell him to apologise to her. He visits her and says he should have let her explain about Keegan instead of ending their relationship. After Alexandra and Madison are publicly exposed as being Bex's bullies, Travis asks Louise to be his date for the school prom. At prom, Louise and Travis win most beautiful couple and Travis arranges an area behind the stage with candles for them. Alexandra and Madison turn up and Louise berates them and their actions and Alexandra pushes Louise onto lit candles, setting off the fire alarms and sprinklers.", "Travis wakes in a wilderness retreat, where Father Jay forces him to go through involuntary drug detoxification. Travis escapes his cabin, only to be recaptured and taken back after he collapses. Travis explains to Grace that he abuses prescription drugs and alcohol to avoid feeling anything, and she reveals her parents abandoned her, leaving her with no family but Father Jay. Though skeptical of Father Jay and his methods, Travis nonetheless agrees to continue his treatment. Travis changes his mind when Father Jay provokes an emotional reaction in Travis by nearly drowning him. Father Jay allows him to leave the compound, but Travis finds he cannot do so and instead begs Father Jay to help him. Travis makes a breakthrough when Father Jay urges him to confront himself. Travis admits to self-loathing and blames himself for Rachel's death. A flashback to the day of her suicide reveals that Rachel called him on the phone before she jumped, but Travis did not attempt to save her by running upstairs. The other members all hug Travis and tell him that they love him. Travis' faith is shaken when he stumbles on Father Jay as he has sex with Marcus. Later, at a celebration, Grace kisses Travis, but his doubts only grow. Believing Father Jay to have forced himself on the vulnerable Marcus, Travis publicly confronts Father Jay and attempts to get Marcus to leave with him. Father Jay condemns Travis as a lying sociopath who has become jealous of Marcus' recovery, and Travis is banished from the group after being beaten. As Tom drives him out of the compound, Grace calls for them to wait and joins them. Marcus emerges from the compound with a pistol and fires several shots at the vehicle. When Father Jay tries to talk down Marcus, Marcus shoots Father Jay, then kills himself. Travis attempts to aid Father Jay, but the others will not let him.", "Debbie Travis Debbie Travis (born September 25, 1960 in Blackburn, Lancashire, England) is a British-Canadian television personality, self-taught interior decorator, and former fashion model. She is best known as the host of \"Debbie Travis' Facelift\" and \"Debbie Travis' Painted House\". The shows were based out of Montreal, Quebec and Facelift was produced for Home & Garden Television Canada. Travis grew up in Rochdale, Lancashire/Greater Manchester. After a 6-year adult-modelling career, she worked in television as a freelance editor and producer. Travis met her future husband Hans Rosenstein, a television distributor, in 1985 during a visit to a television buyers' market in Cannes. They married soon after and moved to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. After redecorating her old Victorian house using paint effects, Travis formed a small decorating business which quickly grew to include commissions from large department stores, auditoriums, theatres, and grand reception halls. Her work attracted media attention, and Travis opened a small studio and hired a partner to teach workshops to both professional decorators and homeowners. She later produced an instructional video entitled \"Decorative Paint Finishes Made Easy\", and later produced three additional, more advanced instructional videos, available in both French and English. Travis hosted \"Debbie Travis' Painted House\" from 1995 to 2002, airing on the Women's Television Network (later W Network). Travis was awarded two Gemini Awards for the series. In 2006, Travis hosted \"From The Ground Up with Debbie Travis\" on Global TV for two seasons. In 2010, Travis hosted the series \"All for One\" on CBC Television. In December 2010, Travis hosted the CBC show \"Corrie Crazy: Canada Loves Coronation Street\", exploring Canadians' love of the British TV series Coronation Street."], "answer": {"text": "The band won a talent contest", "answer_start": 1326}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Travis get started?", "answer": {"text": "formed by brothers Chris Martyn (bass) and Geoff Martyn (keyboards) along with Simon Jarvis (drums). Andy Dunlop, a school friend at Lenzie Academy, was drafted in on guitar.", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they start playing?", "answer": {"text": "in 1993,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was thier first record?", "answer": {"text": "Dream On", "answer_start": 1087, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4a39c65e54983894878c8becd46d5_1_q#4", "question": "When did they become popular?", "rewrite": "When did Travis become popular?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Travis' brother Joel (David Woodley), his wife, Natalie (Antoinette Byron), and their children Gypsy (Kimberley Cooper) and Tom (Graeme Squires), move to Summer Bay after Joel takes a position at Yabbie Creek Police Station. Joel and Travis are initially frosty to one another as Joel had disappeared seventeen years earlier without a word. He tells Travis that their father had made unwanted sexual advances towards Natalie and the two brothers reconcile. When Joel, Natalie and the kids are left homeless after a confrontation with Robert Perez (Toni Poli), Travis and Rebecca invite them to move in. Travis discovers his father had another family and meets his half-sister, Claire Andrews (Kate Beaham), who is resentful that Travis inherited Jack's house and business and she begins stealing from him. Joel suggests Travis presses charges, but he refuses to. Travis and Rebecca jump at the chance of work on a tall ship and leave Summer Bay quietly, after Joel and Natalie agree to take care of the house and Justine and Peta Janossi (Aleetza Wood). Travis and Rebecca set up home in Canada and a couple of years later, Donald reveals that they have had a son together. For his portrayal of Travis, Testoni won the \"Most Popular New Talent\" Logie Award in 1996. A year later, Testoni was nominated for \"Most Popular Actor\". In 1998, Travis and Rebecca were named \"Best Couple\" at the Inside Soap Awards. They received a nomination in the same category the following year. Judy Johnson of \"The Sun-Herald\" branded Travis a \"dreamboat fisherman.\" Matt Condon of \"The Sun-Herald\" referred to Travis in his article about \"dumb\" Male characters on television. He opined \"Travis' rampant stupidity keeps upsetting the balance.", "With Walt becoming increasingly frustrated with Travis' muteness, Travis finally utters the name \"Paris\", asking to go there. Walt mistakenly assumes he means Paris, France. Farther down the road, Travis shows Walt a photograph of empty property in Paris, Texas, which he had purchased, believing he was conceived in that town. The Hendersons reach Los Angeles where Travis is reunited with Anne and Hunter. Hunter, aged seven, has very little memory of his father, and is wary of Travis until the family watches home movies from days when they were all together. Hunter realizes that Travis still loves Jane. As Hunter and Travis become reacquainted, Anne reveals to Travis that Jane has had contact with her, and makes monthly deposits into a bank account for Hunter. Anne has traced the deposits to a bank in Houston. Travis realizes he can possibly see Jane if he is at the Houston bank on the day of the next deposit, only a few days away. He acquires a new vehicle and borrows money from Walt. When he tells Hunter he is leaving, Hunter wishes to go with him, though he does not have Walt or Anne's permission. Travis and Hunter drive to Houston, while Hunter recounts the Big Bang and the origins of Earth. When they arrive at the Houston bank, Hunter identifies his mother in a car, making a drive-in deposit. He calls for Travis via walkie-talkie, and they follow her car to a peep-show club where she works. While Hunter waits outside, Travis goes in, finding the business has rooms with one-way mirrors, where clients converse with strippers via telephone. He eventually sees Jane, though she cannot see him, and leaves.", "Mehrabad | Mehrabad | Mehran | Menab Ab | Mendar | Meskin | Meteseng | Metri | Meydan | Meydan-e Sorkh | Meydanjah | Mian Chah | Mianbazar | Mianshahr | Mihan | Mijuni | Milak | Milman | Mim Khan | Min | Minab | Minan | Minan | Mir Dak | Mir Gol | Mir Gol-e Kalati | Mir Kuh-e Bala | Mir Kuh-e Pain | Mir Shekar | Mir Zamin | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad | Mirabad-e Kohnow | Mirch | Mirinabad | Mirjaveh | Mirkhan-e Shah Gol | Mirtalag | Mirza Chahi | Mirza Nabi | Mirzaabad | Mirzaabad | Mirzaabad | Mirzaabad | Mirzakhun | Mishud | Mishud | Miski | Mitagan | Mobaraki Agricultural Farm | Moddabad-e Lankeh | Mogh | Moghan Shabu | Mohammad Azam | Mohammad Baluchi | Mohammad Dadi | Mohammad Hasan | Mohammad Hoseyn Barani | Mohammad Jahangir | Mohammad Jan | Mohammad Khan | Mohammad Khvoshdad | Mohammad Qasem | Mohammad Rakhshani |", "The majority of residents in Uxbridge South were categorised as \"not classifieds\". The life expectancy for men is 77 years in Uxbridge North, compared with 74 years in Uxbridge South. The figures for women are 83 years in Uxbridge North and 81 years in Uxbridge South. In the 2011 census, 72.8% of residents in the Uxbridge North ward answered that they had a religion, compared with 19.3% who did not and 7.9% who did not answer. Of those who answered, 53% identified as Christian, followed by 6.7% who identified as Muslim and 6.2% as Sikh. The percentage identifying as Hindu was 5.4%. Figures for residents identifying as either Jewish, Buddhist or other unspecified religions were each below 1%. Within the Uxbridge South ward, 69.2% of residents answered that they had a religion, compared with 23.8% who did not and 7% who did not answer. As with Uxbridge North, the majority (46.4%) identified as Christian, followed by 13.4% who identified as Muslim and 5% as Hindu. The percentage identifying as Sikh was 2.3% and those identifying as Buddhist were 1.2%. Figures for residents identifying as either Jewish or other unspecified religions were each below 1%. This is the original parish church of Uxbridge, and one of the oldest buildings in the town. Located in Windsor Street, it is known to have existed since at least 1245, when a series of hearings took place there in which the Abbot of Bec in Normandy brought an action against the rector of Great Wratting in Suffolk for non-payment of tithes.", "Travis wakes in a wilderness retreat, where Father Jay forces him to go through involuntary drug detoxification. Travis escapes his cabin, only to be recaptured and taken back after he collapses. Travis explains to Grace that he abuses prescription drugs and alcohol to avoid feeling anything, and she reveals her parents abandoned her, leaving her with no family but Father Jay. Though skeptical of Father Jay and his methods, Travis nonetheless agrees to continue his treatment. Travis changes his mind when Father Jay provokes an emotional reaction in Travis by nearly drowning him. Father Jay allows him to leave the compound, but Travis finds he cannot do so and instead begs Father Jay to help him. Travis makes a breakthrough when Father Jay urges him to confront himself. Travis admits to self-loathing and blames himself for Rachel's death. A flashback to the day of her suicide reveals that Rachel called him on the phone before she jumped, but Travis did not attempt to save her by running upstairs. The other members all hug Travis and tell him that they love him. Travis' faith is shaken when he stumbles on Father Jay as he has sex with Marcus. Later, at a celebration, Grace kisses Travis, but his doubts only grow. Believing Father Jay to have forced himself on the vulnerable Marcus, Travis publicly confronts Father Jay and attempts to get Marcus to leave with him. Father Jay condemns Travis as a lying sociopath who has become jealous of Marcus' recovery, and Travis is banished from the group after being beaten. As Tom drives him out of the compound, Grace calls for them to wait and joins them. Marcus emerges from the compound with a pistol and fires several shots at the vehicle. When Father Jay tries to talk down Marcus, Marcus shoots Father Jay, then kills himself. Travis attempts to aid Father Jay, but the others will not let him."], "answer": {"text": "They were a band that everyone in the A&R community knew about and would go and see every now and then. But they weren't very good.", "answer_start": 305}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Travis get started?", "answer": {"text": "formed by brothers Chris Martyn (bass) and Geoff Martyn (keyboards) along with Simon Jarvis (drums). Andy Dunlop, a school friend at Lenzie Academy, was drafted in on guitar.", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they start playing?", "answer": {"text": "in 1993,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was thier first record?", "answer": {"text": "Dream On", "answer_start": 1087, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The band won a talent contest", "answer_start": 1326, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4a39c65e54983894878c8becd46d5_1_q#5", "question": "Did they tour?", "rewrite": "Did Travis tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["But earlier, because Travis saved at the bet, Jasmin and Travis won't be disturbed by him and they can finally be together again. As the time comes closer, Travis tries to save Jasmin's life but is mistaken to have mental problems since his paranoia for Jasmin's safety is becoming worse. He's then confined in a hospital. As the night of Jasmin's death comes, Travis goes through different escapades to escape the hospital, to save her. Finally getting to see each other, Jasmin, still afraid but willing to die, promises to fight for her life. As the moment arrives, an out-of-control truck hits Jasmin and Travis, which left Jasmin safe and Travis in critical condition. Fully shocked by what had happened, Jasmin makes a deal with Mang Andres to keep Travis alive, in exchange for her life. But all plans fail when Travis pursues to die to save Jasmin from dying again. Just in time Jasmin is saved by her parents. Opposite from Book 1, everyone mourns Travis' death, except for Jasmine, because she believes in her heart that Travis and she will be together again. Before going back to the United States, Travis' mother, Monica, leaves all of his belongings to Jasmin, as she knows Travis would've wanted her to have them. Jasmin sees the watch that brought Travis back in time. Jasmin goes back in time, during her happiest times with Travis and far away from danger. With that happening, Mang Andres finally decides to let Jasmin and Travis be, leaving all of them happy and alive. In conclusion, Brandon and Bianca are a happy couple, married and in love, with a new baby son. Jasmin goes to law school and Travis becomes a doctor.", "Abby Travis Abby Travis (born November 10, 1969) is an American musician, songwriter, and performer. In the 1990s Travis began working as a touring bass player. She has worked with The Go Go's, The Eagles of Death Metal, Masters of Reality, The Bangles, KMFDM, Beck, and Elastica. Abby's first solo record was released under the moniker \"The Abby Travis Foundation\"; the rest have been under her own. To date she has released at total of four solo albums: \"The Abby Travis Foundation\" (1998), \"Cutthroat Standards & Black Pop\" (2000), \"GlitterMouth\" (2006), and \"IV\" (2012). Travis was born in Los Angeles, and grew up with her older brother David. She is the daughter of Alice Travis Germond, the former Secretary of the Democratic National Committee, and Emmy Award-winning cameraman Larry Travis. She was educated at University High School and studied music at the Dick Grove School of Music. Abby Travis began her performance career in 1986 as the bassist in Los Angeles band The Lovedolls, who were inspired by the cult films \"Desperate Teenage Lovedolls\" and \"Lovedolls Superstar\" directed by Dave Markey. They released the album \"Love One Another\" in 1989. In 1989 Travis joined power pop trio The Rails. Travis has been a touring and studio bass player since the early 1990s, often providing backup vocals as well. One of her first gigs was appearing with Spinal Tap on the Break Like the Wind Tour in 1992, as Promethia Pendragon dancing with elves during \"Stonehenge\" at the Universal Amphitheater and playing lead bass on \"Big Bottom\" in Phoenix, AZ. In 1993, she toured France with Vanessa Paradis on her Natural High tour.", "Travis wakes in a wilderness retreat, where Father Jay forces him to go through involuntary drug detoxification. Travis escapes his cabin, only to be recaptured and taken back after he collapses. Travis explains to Grace that he abuses prescription drugs and alcohol to avoid feeling anything, and she reveals her parents abandoned her, leaving her with no family but Father Jay. Though skeptical of Father Jay and his methods, Travis nonetheless agrees to continue his treatment. Travis changes his mind when Father Jay provokes an emotional reaction in Travis by nearly drowning him. Father Jay allows him to leave the compound, but Travis finds he cannot do so and instead begs Father Jay to help him. Travis makes a breakthrough when Father Jay urges him to confront himself. Travis admits to self-loathing and blames himself for Rachel's death. A flashback to the day of her suicide reveals that Rachel called him on the phone before she jumped, but Travis did not attempt to save her by running upstairs. The other members all hug Travis and tell him that they love him. Travis' faith is shaken when he stumbles on Father Jay as he has sex with Marcus. Later, at a celebration, Grace kisses Travis, but his doubts only grow. Believing Father Jay to have forced himself on the vulnerable Marcus, Travis publicly confronts Father Jay and attempts to get Marcus to leave with him. Father Jay condemns Travis as a lying sociopath who has become jealous of Marcus' recovery, and Travis is banished from the group after being beaten. As Tom drives him out of the compound, Grace calls for them to wait and joins them. Marcus emerges from the compound with a pistol and fires several shots at the vehicle. When Father Jay tries to talk down Marcus, Marcus shoots Father Jay, then kills himself. Travis attempts to aid Father Jay, but the others will not let him.", "The pair worked together in the four-piece jazz fusion band The Other Side, releasing the album Dangerous Days in 1994, and, since 1999, with varying guest musicians in their band Cipher which collaborated with Bill Nelson in both the latter's improvisational three-piece live band Orchestra Futura and his more conventional, seven-piece rock band Bill Nelson and the Gentlemen Rocketeers. Sturt would also serve as Mix engineer on Travis & Fripp's 2014 album \"Discretion\". In 2006, Travis joined Soft Machine Legacy, a project based on personnel and works of the band Soft Machine, replacing the late reedsman Elton Dean. Since 2008 he has worked with guitarist Robert Fripp in the duo Travis and Fripp, releasing four CDs to date, as well as three live concerts as downloads through DGMLive (two of them also on vinyl through Tonefloat). Travis has also worked extensively with Steven Wilson, performing on fifteen of his records and with Wilson mixing six of Travis' releases. Travis appears extensively as featured soloist on Wilson's Grammy nominated album Grace for Drowning and is part of his touring live band. In 2014, using kickstarter funding, he self-published the book \"Twice Around The World: Steven Wilson Tour Blogs 2012-2013\" which included entries previously published on Travis' Facebook page, here re-edited, and was lavishly illustrated with photographs from that tour. In April 2019 it was announced that Travis would be filling in for Bill Rieflin on the King Crimson 50th Anniversary Celebration Tour as keyboardist. However, on 3 May it was announced by Robert Fripp that Travis would no longer be joining the band. Travis has also worked with Harold Budd, Bass Communion, Burnt Friedman, Gong, No-Man, Porcupine Tree, The Tangent, Dave and Richard Sinclair, David Sylvian and David Gilmour.", "Eamonn McCrystal Eamonn McCrystal (born 1 June 1987) is a multi-Emmy Award winning Northern Irish pop tenor, actor, TV host and producer based in Los Angeles, California. McCrystal was born to Jim and Ann McCrystal, nursing home owners, in Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. He attended Holy Trinity College in Cookstown, where he learned to play the piano and the flute. In his late teen years, he seriously considered joining the priesthood, but was advised by local cardinal Sean Brady to pursue his music career instead. He studied to be a teacher of Religious Education and English at St Mary's University College, Belfast before moving to London, England to pursue a career in Media. McCrystal's debut radio broadcast was at the age of nine, on the George Jones Show on BBC Radio Ulster. He released his first album, \"After the Storm\", in 2000, at the age of 13. Over the course of the decade, he independently recorded three more albums, and toured around Ireland with a 15-piece band. In 2009, McCrystal was working as a stage manager at the UTV Country Fest in Belfast, headlined that year by Randy Travis. McCrystal was driving Travis's then-wife and manager Elizabeth Travis to Dublin, and gave her a copy of \"Eamonn McCrystal Live\". After listening to the album, she gave McCrystal a slot as a guest artist on the Randy Travis tour, signed him to a contract with Elizabeth Travis Management, and brought him to Los Angeles, where he is currently based. In 2011, McCrystal recorded his first US album, \"When in Nashville...\", produced by Kyle Lehning, composed of six covers and six original compositions by outside songwriters."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Travis get started?", "answer": {"text": "formed by brothers Chris Martyn (bass) and Geoff Martyn (keyboards) along with Simon Jarvis (drums). Andy Dunlop, a school friend at Lenzie Academy, was drafted in on guitar.", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they start playing?", "answer": {"text": "in 1993,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was thier first record?", "answer": {"text": "Dream On", "answer_start": 1087, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The band won a talent contest", "answer_start": 1326, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "They were a band that everyone in the A&R community knew about and would go and see every now and then. But they weren't very good.", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_acd4a39c65e54983894878c8becd46d5_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any interesting aspect about Travis other than what is mentioned in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["that act as monomeric clathrin adaptor proteins in various important membrane vesicle traffickings, but are not similar to any of the AP complexes and will not be discussed in detail in this article. Stonins (not shown in the lead figure) are also monomers similar in some regards to GGA and will also not be discussed in detail in this article. PTBs are protein domains that include NUMB, DAB1 and DAB2. Epsin and AP180 in the ANTH domain are other adaptor proteins that have been reviewed. An important transport complex, COPII, was not shown in the lead figure. The COPII complex is a heterohexamer, but not closely related to the AP/TSET complexes. The individual proteins of the COPII complex are called SEC proteins, because they are encoded by genes identified in secretory mutants of yeast. One especially interesting aspect of COPII is that it can form typical spherical vesicles \"and\" tubules to transport large molecules like collagen precursors, which cannot fit inside typical spherical vesicles. COPII structure has been discussed in an open article and will not be a focus of this article. These are examples of the much larger set of cargo adaptors. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the eukaryotes must have had a mechanism for trafficking molecules between its endomembranes and organelles, and the likely identity of the adaptor complex involved has been reported. It is believed that the MRCA had 3 proteins involved in trafficking and that they formed a heterotrimer. That heterotrimer next \"dimerized\" to form a 6 membered-complex. The individual components further changed into the current complexes, in the order shown, with AP1 and AP2 being the last to diverge.", "In her book, Upali's chronicle\u2014a deglorified, fictional account of the life of Buddha\u2014alternates with that of Upali's own life during the reign of Emperor Ashoka and including both these parallel narratives with a wealth of historical detail and philosophical debate. Indian national newspaper \" The Hindu\" said: \"... the book draws from Indian history to such good effect that one can't help wondering if things actually did happen this way. Another interesting aspect of the book is the dismantling of each legend associated with the Buddha. Life in the Magadhan Empire is also portrayed with an eye to historical accuracy. Quotes from Ashokan edicts... which we know of as history but couldn't really relate to... now come alive with a new imagery... \"  \"Outlook\" magazine from New Delhi wrote: \"Amita Kanekar's novel about Emperor Ashoka and the Buddhist monk Upali... successfully captures the stress and strains of monastic life, and brings alive the centuries following the death of the Buddha. when his teachings were taking the form of a canonical corpus... While many historical fictions make only references to real history, the present one doesn't... An interesting mix of erudition and historical imagination... \"  \"Deccan Herald\" of Bangalore commented: \"Amita Kanekar's debut novel, \"A Spoke in the Wheel\", is an attempt to strip away layer by layer such fanciful stories surrounding the Buddha and reveal him as an ordinary man who had an extraordinary approach to his problems. The novel has an interesting structure... Throughout the book Amita presents issues of ethics and socio economic relationships that are relevant even today. The narrative is rich in detail and every aspect of life in those ancient times stands out vividly before the reader.\"", "Reviewers were pleased with how \"Devil Daggers\" offered a stripped-down experience of these games, and provided a fast and pure gameplay experience. The game's fluid movement system was compared to arena shooters \"Quake III Arena\" and \"Unreal Tournament 2004\" by \"Edge\" magazine. They welcomed the inclusion of advanced movement techniques, saying they felt \"fresh\" when implemented in a survival context. They also thought that \"Devil Daggers\" refined on so much of the borrowed elements, that it would be inaccurate to simply call the game a \"nostalgic throwback\". \" Devil Daggers\" was considered to be a perfect distillation of old school arena shooters by Zack Furniss, writing for \"Destructoid\". \" Kill Screen\" writer Davis Cox praised the \"frenetic, bullet hell\" nature of \"Devil Daggers\", but felt that there was opportunity to incorporate more interesting levels and spaces into the game. Tom Senior of \"PC Gamer\" enjoyed the \"oppressive\" and \"hellish\" atmosphere created by the deliberate use of old rendering techniques and effects. Both GameSpot and IGN critics agreed that although the retro visual style was fitting, it could also become a hindrance when the excessive clutter of pixelated enemies made it difficult to interpret what was happening on screen. Furniss of \"Destructoid\" stated that the visuals might not appeal to everyone, but he loved the horror aspect and sense of nostalgia that it evoked. The game's sound design was lauded by critics. Reviewers especially liked the practical use of unique and continuous enemy noises. Being able to pinpoint an enemy's location when they were obscured from view was seen as an interesting aspect of the game's audio. The cacophony created by enemies was described as \"chilling\" by IGN reviewer Chloi Rad.", "Global Cultural Districts Network The Global Cultural Districts Network (GCDN) is a federation of global centers of arts and culture. Its members represent cities, cultural districts, and cultural institutions from around the world, including Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, China, and Singapore. GCDN was founded in 2013 by Adrian Ellis, and established by AEA Consulting, the New Cities Foundation, and the Dallas Arts District. Beatrice Pembroke was appointed as Director in March 2018 and Adrian Ellis is Chair. The network\u2019s formation was stimulated by a series of conversations among cultural leaders, who were aware that, though forums for cultural institutions to meet and discuss common issues did exist, there were none for those responsible for cultural districts. GCDN\u2019s 40 current members represent cities, cultural districts, cultural institutions, non-profits, foundations, and private initiatives from around the world, including Australia, the UK, Canada, the US, Dubai, China, and Singapore. GCDN's current members include:   GCDN affiliate members are organizations and individuals who share a professional interest in contributing to the governance and operation of international cultural districts. GCDN\u2019s affiliate members include:    GCDN members are invited to regular convenings to share emerging best practices, hear expert panels, and discuss the place of cultural precincts and complexes in urban policy, economic development, and related areas of public policy such as technology, travel and tourism. Past GCDN meetings include:   GCDN regularly commissions and publishes academic research. Some of the network's publications include:", "Due to these difficulties, existing turbulence models tend to be \"ad hoc\", that is, the range of applicability of a given model is usually suited toward a highly specific set of parameters (such as geometry, dispersed phase mass loading and particle reaction time), and are also restricted to low Reynolds numbers (whereas the Reynolds number of flows of engineering interest tend to be very high). An interesting aspect of particle-laden flows is preferential migration of particles to certain regions within the fluid flow. This is often characterized by the Stokes number (St) of the particles. At low St, particles tend to act as tracers and are uniformly distributed. At high St, particles are heavy and are influenced less by the fluid and more by its inertia. At intermediate St, particles are affected by both the fluid motion and its inertia, which gives rise to several interesting behaviors. This is especially true in wall-bounded flows where there is a velocity gradient near the wall. One of the earliest works describing preferential migration is the experimental work of Segre and Silberberg. They showed that a neutrally buoyant particle in a laminar pipe flow comes to an equilibrium position between the wall and the axis. This is referred to as the Segr\u00e9\u2013Silberberg effect. Saffman explained this in terms of the force acting on the particle when it experiences a velocity gradient across it. Feng et al. have studied this through detailed direct numerical simulations and have elaborated on the physical mechanism of this migration. Recently it was found that even for non-neutrally buoyant particles similar preferential migration occurs . At low St, the particles tend to settle at an equilibrium position while for high St, the particles begin to oscillate about the center of the channel. The behavior becomes even interesting in turbulent flows."], "answer": {"text": "the band's name became \"Glass Onion\", after the Beatles song of the same name.", "answer_start": 284}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Travis get started?", "answer": {"text": "formed by brothers Chris Martyn (bass) and Geoff Martyn (keyboards) along with Simon Jarvis (drums). Andy Dunlop, a school friend at Lenzie Academy, was drafted in on guitar.", "answer_start": 38, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they start playing?", "answer": {"text": "in 1993,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was thier first record?", "answer": {"text": "Dream On", "answer_start": 1087, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The band won a talent contest", "answer_start": 1326, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "They were a band that everyone in the A&R community knew about and would go and see every now and then. But they weren't very good.", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b02a6ab924a14fde93b43370978ae3e3_1_q#0", "question": "who are some of the characters of Ed the Happy Clown?", "rewrite": "who are some of the characters of Ed the Happy Clown?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All issues had black-and-white contents printed on newsprint, with colour outer covers on heavier stock paper. The \"Ed the Happy Clown\" storyline has been reprinted in a number of formats since: a 1989 book collecting material from the first 12 issues of Yummy Fur; a 1992 \"\"Definitive Ed Book\"\", which leaves out much of the later material and also provides a completely new ending; and a nine-issue \"Ed the Happy Clown\" series from Drawn and Quarterly with new covers, unpublished artwork and extensive commentary by Brown. The autobiography work has been reprinted as \"\" in 1992 and \"I Never Liked You\" in 1994, with \"The Little Man: Short Strips 1980\u20131995\" collecting the remainder, along with other miscellaneous short works from other sources. Brown decided not to reprint the early \"Yummy Fur\" stories which had borrowed from other works. The Gospel adaptations also remain unfinished and uncollected. The series was recognized by his peers early on, such as Seth, who recommended to Bill Marks to pick it up as a Vortex title; and got good reviews from publications like \"The Comics Journal\" as early as its minicomic days. Joseph Witek wrote of the difficulties \"Yummy Fur\" presented\u2014in the context of the \"high art/low art\" split in alternative comics in the 1980s, best represented by division of visions in Art Spiegelman's \"Raw\" and Robert Crumb's \"Weirdo\", the combination of Brown's grotesque adventures in \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the straight renditions of the Gospels seem to straddle this line. Chris Lanier, writing in \"The Comics Journal\", placed \"Ed the Happy Clown\" in a tradition that included Dan Clowes' \"", "Happy Clown Bad Dub 8/Fun EP \"Happy Clown Bad Dub Eight/Fun EP\" is a 2006 Atmosphere release. Originally released as a promo CD for the Rhymesayers-based label, 7th Street Entry, this CD contains all the tracks that never made it to the final production cut of the album \" You Can't Imagine How Much Fun We're Having\". This was originally released as an LP given to the first 1000 donaters to the 7th Street Entry Label. Additionally, it features 2 alternate recordings of the albums singles, Say Hey There (Music Video), and Panic Attack. Songs all recorded with full production, minus the aforementioned two. In 2015, the EP was re-issued with a bonus unreleased track.", "Brown would thereafter make the production of graphic novels the main focus of his output. \"Yummy Fur\" quickly gained a reputation for taboo-breaking\u2014\"Ed the Happy Clown\"'s plot revolved around a character who couldn't stop defecating, and whose anus was a gateway to another dimension; then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan's head attached to the end of the protagonist's penis; and a beautiful female vampire, who is out to get revenge on the boyfriend who murdered her, and who usually appears entirely naked. Later, in \"The Playboy\", Brown would detail his adolescent obsession with the Playboy Playmates in \"Playboy\" magazine, including explicit scenes of his teenage self masturbating and ejaculating. In the short \"Danny's Story\", Brown had himself picking his nose, and finished with him biting his neighbour. The book was often wrapped in plastic with an \"adults only\" label on it, although it is not known if any issues of \"Yummy Fur\" were ever banned from any comic shop. The edgy content of the book was contrasted with his straight adaptations of the Gospels which appeared in most issues of \"Yummy Fur\"\u2014albeit, adaptations that took a \"warts and all\" approach, in which characters pick their noses and Jesus is going bald. \"Yummy Fur\" had been a catch-all title for Brown's work, but since bringing the series to an end in 1994, he has published new stories, like \"Underwater\" and \"\", under their own titles. Much of the work from the series has been republished in book form\u2014the short work in \"The Little Man\"\u2014but the Gospel stories and most of the later instalments of \"Ed the Happy Clown\" remain uncollected.", "He reprinted dozens of features and shorts, and offered them to collectors in the 16mm and 8mm formats. In 1959 Edward Finney read newspaper accounts of singing star Gloria Jean now working as a hostess in a restaurant favored by movie people. Finney, a Gloria Jean fan of long standing, decided to make his own Gloria Jean movie and reactivated Boots and Saddles Pictures. The new film was the lightweight comedy \"Laffing Time\", co-starring Finney himself (as comedian \"Eddie Finn\") and veteran comic El Brendel. Finney later added old action footage to it and retitled it \"The Madcaps\". This version was released to theaters in 1964. A third version, \"Tobo the Happy Clown\" (1966), added footage from antique comedies and was aimed at the kiddie-matinee market; Finney played the title role. \"Tobo the Happy Clown\" was Edward Finney's last theatrical production. He serviced the home-movie community into the late 1970s.", "Yummy Fur (comics) Yummy Fur (1983\u20131994) was a comic book by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. It contained a number of different comics stories which dealt with a wide variety of subjects. Its often-controversial content led to one printer and one distributor refusing to handle it. Some of Brown's best-known comics were first published in \"Yummy Fur\", including the surreal, taboo-breaking \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the comics from his autobiographical period, which included the graphic novels \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\". Also notable were the eccentric gospel adaptations that ran in most issues. The series and its collected volumes have won a number of awards, and have had a lasting influence on the world of alternative comics. \"Yummy Fur\" started as a self-published minicomic which ran for seven issues, the contents of which were reprinted in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics series which started publication in December 1986. The series switched publishers to Drawn and Quarterly in 1991 until the end of its run in 1994, when Brown started on his \"Underwater\" series. \"Yummy Fur\" came at a time when alternative comics was still young, and is considered one of its defining titles. It was one of the earliest examples of a comic that would have its first success as a self-published mini. It started in an era when comic books and their characters were generally considered to be ongoing, and finished when the self-contained stories of the graphic novel had begun to come into prominence. Brown's ambitions changed in step, \"Yummy Fur\" started with \"Ed the Happy Clown\", which Brown originally didn't intend to have an ending; towards the end, he serialized two works, \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\", which were conceived from the start as self-complete works."], "answer": {"text": "Ed is imprisoned when he finds hospital janitor Chet Doodley's severed hand", "answer_start": 208}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b02a6ab924a14fde93b43370978ae3e3_1_q#1", "question": "what is the setting of the story?", "rewrite": "what is the setting of the story of Ed the Happy Clown?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brown would thereafter make the production of graphic novels the main focus of his output. \"Yummy Fur\" quickly gained a reputation for taboo-breaking\u2014\"Ed the Happy Clown\"'s plot revolved around a character who couldn't stop defecating, and whose anus was a gateway to another dimension; then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan's head attached to the end of the protagonist's penis; and a beautiful female vampire, who is out to get revenge on the boyfriend who murdered her, and who usually appears entirely naked. Later, in \"The Playboy\", Brown would detail his adolescent obsession with the Playboy Playmates in \"Playboy\" magazine, including explicit scenes of his teenage self masturbating and ejaculating. In the short \"Danny's Story\", Brown had himself picking his nose, and finished with him biting his neighbour. The book was often wrapped in plastic with an \"adults only\" label on it, although it is not known if any issues of \"Yummy Fur\" were ever banned from any comic shop. The edgy content of the book was contrasted with his straight adaptations of the Gospels which appeared in most issues of \"Yummy Fur\"\u2014albeit, adaptations that took a \"warts and all\" approach, in which characters pick their noses and Jesus is going bald. \"Yummy Fur\" had been a catch-all title for Brown's work, but since bringing the series to an end in 1994, he has published new stories, like \"Underwater\" and \"\", under their own titles. Much of the work from the series has been republished in book form\u2014the short work in \"The Little Man\"\u2014but the Gospel stories and most of the later instalments of \"Ed the Happy Clown\" remain uncollected.", "Yummy Fur (comics) Yummy Fur (1983\u20131994) was a comic book by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. It contained a number of different comics stories which dealt with a wide variety of subjects. Its often-controversial content led to one printer and one distributor refusing to handle it. Some of Brown's best-known comics were first published in \"Yummy Fur\", including the surreal, taboo-breaking \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the comics from his autobiographical period, which included the graphic novels \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\". Also notable were the eccentric gospel adaptations that ran in most issues. The series and its collected volumes have won a number of awards, and have had a lasting influence on the world of alternative comics. \"Yummy Fur\" started as a self-published minicomic which ran for seven issues, the contents of which were reprinted in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics series which started publication in December 1986. The series switched publishers to Drawn and Quarterly in 1991 until the end of its run in 1994, when Brown started on his \"Underwater\" series. \"Yummy Fur\" came at a time when alternative comics was still young, and is considered one of its defining titles. It was one of the earliest examples of a comic that would have its first success as a self-published mini. It started in an era when comic books and their characters were generally considered to be ongoing, and finished when the self-contained stories of the graphic novel had begun to come into prominence. Brown's ambitions changed in step, \"Yummy Fur\" started with \"Ed the Happy Clown\", which Brown originally didn't intend to have an ending; towards the end, he serialized two works, \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\", which were conceived from the start as self-complete works.", "He reprinted dozens of features and shorts, and offered them to collectors in the 16mm and 8mm formats. In 1959 Edward Finney read newspaper accounts of singing star Gloria Jean now working as a hostess in a restaurant favored by movie people. Finney, a Gloria Jean fan of long standing, decided to make his own Gloria Jean movie and reactivated Boots and Saddles Pictures. The new film was the lightweight comedy \"Laffing Time\", co-starring Finney himself (as comedian \"Eddie Finn\") and veteran comic El Brendel. Finney later added old action footage to it and retitled it \"The Madcaps\". This version was released to theaters in 1964. A third version, \"Tobo the Happy Clown\" (1966), added footage from antique comedies and was aimed at the kiddie-matinee market; Finney played the title role. \"Tobo the Happy Clown\" was Edward Finney's last theatrical production. He serviced the home-movie community into the late 1970s.", "Happy Clown Bad Dub 8/Fun EP \"Happy Clown Bad Dub Eight/Fun EP\" is a 2006 Atmosphere release. Originally released as a promo CD for the Rhymesayers-based label, 7th Street Entry, this CD contains all the tracks that never made it to the final production cut of the album \" You Can't Imagine How Much Fun We're Having\". This was originally released as an LP given to the first 1000 donaters to the 7th Street Entry Label. Additionally, it features 2 alternate recordings of the albums singles, Say Hey There (Music Video), and Panic Attack. Songs all recorded with full production, minus the aforementioned two. In 2015, the EP was re-issued with a bonus unreleased track.", "All issues had black-and-white contents printed on newsprint, with colour outer covers on heavier stock paper. The \"Ed the Happy Clown\" storyline has been reprinted in a number of formats since: a 1989 book collecting material from the first 12 issues of Yummy Fur; a 1992 \"\"Definitive Ed Book\"\", which leaves out much of the later material and also provides a completely new ending; and a nine-issue \"Ed the Happy Clown\" series from Drawn and Quarterly with new covers, unpublished artwork and extensive commentary by Brown. The autobiography work has been reprinted as \"\" in 1992 and \"I Never Liked You\" in 1994, with \"The Little Man: Short Strips 1980\u20131995\" collecting the remainder, along with other miscellaneous short works from other sources. Brown decided not to reprint the early \"Yummy Fur\" stories which had borrowed from other works. The Gospel adaptations also remain unfinished and uncollected. The series was recognized by his peers early on, such as Seth, who recommended to Bill Marks to pick it up as a Vortex title; and got good reviews from publications like \"The Comics Journal\" as early as its minicomic days. Joseph Witek wrote of the difficulties \"Yummy Fur\" presented\u2014in the context of the \"high art/low art\" split in alternative comics in the 1980s, best represented by division of visions in Art Spiegelman's \"Raw\" and Robert Crumb's \"Weirdo\", the combination of Brown's grotesque adventures in \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the straight renditions of the Gospels seem to straddle this line. Chris Lanier, writing in \"The Comics Journal\", placed \"Ed the Happy Clown\" in a tradition that included Dan Clowes' \""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who are some of the characters of Ed the Happy Clown?", "answer": {"text": "Ed is imprisoned when he finds hospital janitor Chet Doodley's severed hand", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b02a6ab924a14fde93b43370978ae3e3_1_q#2", "question": "what are aspects of the story that contain Reagan?", "rewrite": "In Ed the Happy Clown, what are aspects of the story that contain Reagan?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All issues had black-and-white contents printed on newsprint, with colour outer covers on heavier stock paper. The \"Ed the Happy Clown\" storyline has been reprinted in a number of formats since: a 1989 book collecting material from the first 12 issues of Yummy Fur; a 1992 \"\"Definitive Ed Book\"\", which leaves out much of the later material and also provides a completely new ending; and a nine-issue \"Ed the Happy Clown\" series from Drawn and Quarterly with new covers, unpublished artwork and extensive commentary by Brown. The autobiography work has been reprinted as \"\" in 1992 and \"I Never Liked You\" in 1994, with \"The Little Man: Short Strips 1980\u20131995\" collecting the remainder, along with other miscellaneous short works from other sources. Brown decided not to reprint the early \"Yummy Fur\" stories which had borrowed from other works. The Gospel adaptations also remain unfinished and uncollected. The series was recognized by his peers early on, such as Seth, who recommended to Bill Marks to pick it up as a Vortex title; and got good reviews from publications like \"The Comics Journal\" as early as its minicomic days. Joseph Witek wrote of the difficulties \"Yummy Fur\" presented\u2014in the context of the \"high art/low art\" split in alternative comics in the 1980s, best represented by division of visions in Art Spiegelman's \"Raw\" and Robert Crumb's \"Weirdo\", the combination of Brown's grotesque adventures in \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the straight renditions of the Gospels seem to straddle this line. Chris Lanier, writing in \"The Comics Journal\", placed \"Ed the Happy Clown\" in a tradition that included Dan Clowes' \"", "Yummy Fur (comics) Yummy Fur (1983\u20131994) was a comic book by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. It contained a number of different comics stories which dealt with a wide variety of subjects. Its often-controversial content led to one printer and one distributor refusing to handle it. Some of Brown's best-known comics were first published in \"Yummy Fur\", including the surreal, taboo-breaking \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the comics from his autobiographical period, which included the graphic novels \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\". Also notable were the eccentric gospel adaptations that ran in most issues. The series and its collected volumes have won a number of awards, and have had a lasting influence on the world of alternative comics. \"Yummy Fur\" started as a self-published minicomic which ran for seven issues, the contents of which were reprinted in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics series which started publication in December 1986. The series switched publishers to Drawn and Quarterly in 1991 until the end of its run in 1994, when Brown started on his \"Underwater\" series. \"Yummy Fur\" came at a time when alternative comics was still young, and is considered one of its defining titles. It was one of the earliest examples of a comic that would have its first success as a self-published mini. It started in an era when comic books and their characters were generally considered to be ongoing, and finished when the self-contained stories of the graphic novel had begun to come into prominence. Brown's ambitions changed in step, \"Yummy Fur\" started with \"Ed the Happy Clown\", which Brown originally didn't intend to have an ending; towards the end, he serialized two works, \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\", which were conceived from the start as self-complete works.", "Happy Clown Bad Dub 8/Fun EP \"Happy Clown Bad Dub Eight/Fun EP\" is a 2006 Atmosphere release. Originally released as a promo CD for the Rhymesayers-based label, 7th Street Entry, this CD contains all the tracks that never made it to the final production cut of the album \" You Can't Imagine How Much Fun We're Having\". This was originally released as an LP given to the first 1000 donaters to the 7th Street Entry Label. Additionally, it features 2 alternate recordings of the albums singles, Say Hey There (Music Video), and Panic Attack. Songs all recorded with full production, minus the aforementioned two. In 2015, the EP was re-issued with a bonus unreleased track.", "Brown would thereafter make the production of graphic novels the main focus of his output. \"Yummy Fur\" quickly gained a reputation for taboo-breaking\u2014\"Ed the Happy Clown\"'s plot revolved around a character who couldn't stop defecating, and whose anus was a gateway to another dimension; then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan's head attached to the end of the protagonist's penis; and a beautiful female vampire, who is out to get revenge on the boyfriend who murdered her, and who usually appears entirely naked. Later, in \"The Playboy\", Brown would detail his adolescent obsession with the Playboy Playmates in \"Playboy\" magazine, including explicit scenes of his teenage self masturbating and ejaculating. In the short \"Danny's Story\", Brown had himself picking his nose, and finished with him biting his neighbour. The book was often wrapped in plastic with an \"adults only\" label on it, although it is not known if any issues of \"Yummy Fur\" were ever banned from any comic shop. The edgy content of the book was contrasted with his straight adaptations of the Gospels which appeared in most issues of \"Yummy Fur\"\u2014albeit, adaptations that took a \"warts and all\" approach, in which characters pick their noses and Jesus is going bald. \"Yummy Fur\" had been a catch-all title for Brown's work, but since bringing the series to an end in 1994, he has published new stories, like \"Underwater\" and \"\", under their own titles. Much of the work from the series has been republished in book form\u2014the short work in \"The Little Man\"\u2014but the Gospel stories and most of the later instalments of \"Ed the Happy Clown\" remain uncollected.", "Starting publication in December 1986, the first three issues of Yummy Fur reprinted the contents of the seven issues of the earlier minicomic, and Brown quit his job at the copy shop. Brown began to weave together some of the earlier unrelated strips into an ongoing surreal black comedy called Ed the Happy Clown. The bizarre misfortunes of the title character include being inundated in the faeces of a man unable to stop defaecating, being chased by cannibalistic pygmies, befriending a vengeful vampire, and having the head of his penis replaced by the head of a miniature Ronald Reagan from another dimension. A counterpoint to the at-times blasphemous Ed serial, Brown also began to run straight adaptation of the Gospels, beginning with the Gospel of Mark in a subdued style. What appeared a natural target of satire for the author of Ed was instead a continuing attempt of Brown's to find what he really believed, having been raised a Christian Baptist. The adaptations later continued with the Gospel of Matthew and the apocryphal \"The Twin\" from the Gnostic text Pistis Sophia, and Brown went through periods of agnosticism and Gnosticism. The offensive content of Ed caused it to be dropped by one printer, and is suspected to be behind Diamond Comic Distributors' decision to stop distributing Yummy Fur starting with issue #9. After The Comics Journal announced they would be investigating the issue, Diamond started distributing it again. In 1989 the first Ed collection appeared, collecting the Ed stories from the first twelve issues of Yummy Fur with an introduction by American Splendor writer Harvey Pekar and drawn by Brown. At this point, Brown had grown to lose interest in the Ed story as he gravitated toward the autobiographical approach of Pekar, Joe Matt, and Julie Doucet, and the simpler artwork of Seth."], "answer": {"text": "the head of his penis replaced with the head of a miniature Ronald Reagan from Dimension X", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who are some of the characters of Ed the Happy Clown?", "answer": {"text": "Ed is imprisoned when he finds hospital janitor Chet Doodley's severed hand", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the setting of the story?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b02a6ab924a14fde93b43370978ae3e3_1_q#3", "question": "what are some other notable elements in the summary?", "rewrite": "Besides characters, setting and story that contain Reagan, what are some other notable elements in the summary of?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Elia Luini Elia Luini (born 23 June 1979 in Gavirate) is an Italian rower. A four-time world champion, once in the lightweight quadruple sculls and three times in the lightweight double sculls, he has also competed at four Olympic Games (2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012), winning the silver medal in the men's lightweight double sculls at the Sydney Olympics with Leonardo Pettinari.", "Down with the King (game)  Down With the King is a political card game for 2-6 players produced by Avalon Hill in 1981. Each player takes the role of a noble in the fictional nation of Fandonia during the European \"Baroque age\" (roughly 1600-1750), and by diplomacy, betrayal, and political maneuvering, attempts to depose the current monarch, and place his lackey on the throne. The game was designed by Glenn Rahman, Kenneth Rahman, and Alan R. Moon. It is sometimes described as a \"Fantasy Political Game\", but has no inherently supernatural elements. Each turn consists of a sequence of random events and player actions. Player actions include trying to increase their character's skills, influence, and prestige, gain the loyalty of non-player characters, political offices for characters, destabilize the current king, and interfere with other players' factions trying to do the same. Eventually, when a player feels his faction has enough power, and the current monarch is sufficiently destabilized, they may try to \"usurp\" the throne, and replace the monarch with a royal character (or pretender) under their control. A player controlling the monarch for three consecutive turns wins the game. Besides characters, represented as cards, a player controls a certain number of Influence Points, or IPs, spent as \"money\" to accomplish actions, and Prestige Points, or PPs, which serve as a limit to the number of characters they can control. The player also has a set of cards and opportunity counters that restrict the actions they can take. Actions include a vast array of options, including Dueling, Assassination, Travel Abroad, Advising the Monarch (requires an office), Escape (from abroad or hiding), Extradite a Wrongdoer (from abroad), Expose a Scandal, Intrigue", "Kottakkal Sivaraman Kottakkal Sivaraman (1936 \u2013 19 July 2010) was a performing artiste who revolutionised the portrayal of female roles in Kathakali, the classical dance-drama from Kerala in southern India. Kathakali, being a largely masculine dance form with an all-male presence (at least till the end of the first half of the 20th century), tended to give female roles a secondary status. This is despite some of its classical stories having dense and slow-paced songs (padams) set for female characters like Lalitha (in Kirmeeravadham, Bakavadham) or Urvashi (in Kalakeyavadham) besides characters like Damayanti (Nalacharitam) or Mohini (Rugmangadacharitam) or Sairandhri (or Malini in Keechakavadham) which demanded fertile imagination and an insight about their profile for brighter enactment. The 1936-born Sivaraman, a disciple of his uncle-guru Padma Shri Vazhenkada Kunchu Nair at the PSV Natyasangham in Kottakkal in north-central Kerala's Malappuram district, decided to change all this subordination. By the 1960s, he had experimented those ideas on stage with success, much to the appreciation of aesthetes not only in his native Valluvanad, an erstwhile central-Kerala fiefdom which has been the homestead for the refined Kalluvazhi style of Kathakali, but across Kerala and subsequently the rest of the world. His Karalmanna village, north of Cherpulassery, in Palakkad district thus further affixed its name on the Kathakali map.", "It looks to be a hack 'n' slash type of game, where the player is able to form a 3-man group, and there's over 40 playable characters. A special promotion of the game comes with a limited edition DX boxset of Shin Kouseki Turn-X (\u9805\u7fbd\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3X) VS Ryuuhou Ryuubi Gundam (\u5289\u90a6\u5289\u5099\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0, whose character basis is Liu Bang), never before seen model kits of the two. A teaser site has been opened, and basically reiterates the revealed information thus far. The main story plot in the game goes up to the Battle of the Red Cliffs, and besides characters from the 3 factions (Shou, Giga, Gou), players can also choose to play as the other characters like the Yellow Scarves, Toutaku, Enshou, Enjyutsu, and even the generic GM/Zaku Infantry troops. Some characters from the series were confirmed to appear in the upcoming PlayStation Portable game SD Gundam G Generation World. The focal point of the series is a range of model kits, produced as part of Bandai's BB Senshi line.", "The original Pinnaroo Football Club was established in 1908 and had won a total of half a dozen premierships by the time it split into two separate teams, North Pinnaroo and South Pinnaroo, in 1925. In 1944 these two teams amalgamated and the resultant club, known as Pinnaroo, won premierships both that year and in 1946 before splitting in two again in 1947. This is how things remained until 1974 when North and South joined forces once more, giving birth to today\u2019s Pinnaroo Supa Roos. Between 1974 and 1993 Pinnaroo was affiliated with the Lameroo and Districts Football League. The seniors won a premiership in their very first season, but thereafter the closest they got was runners-up in 1975, 1990 and 1993. Since commencing in the Mallee Football League in 1994 the Supa Roos have had mixed results across all levels, being one of the few teams in the league relying almost entirely on local players rather buying in players from other regions and Adelaide. The Pinnaroo Football Club shared the Pinnaroo Showgrounds with the Ngallo Demons Football Club in its final years until it went into recess in 2000. Ngallo's presence is still seen with the visitors rooms and interchanges bench in the navy and blue of the Demons. In 2007 the Pinnaroo Showgrounds suffered great damage after a mini-tornado hit the historic show pavilion and grandstand, fortunately after its demolition a smaller pavilion was built in its place at the same time the clubrooms received a significant upgrade. The Mallee Football League was formed in 1994 when the Lameroo & Districts Football League and the Murraylands Football League amalgamated. There were 7 clubs involved with Karoonda Districts, Lameroo, Murrayville, Ngallo, Parilla / Geranium, Peake & District and Pinnaroo."], "answer": {"text": "Penis-worshipping, rat-eating pygmy cannibals drag the bodies of both Josie and Ed into the sewers.", "answer_start": 1229}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who are some of the characters of Ed the Happy Clown?", "answer": {"text": "Ed is imprisoned when he finds hospital janitor Chet Doodley's severed hand", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the setting of the story?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are aspects of the story that contain Reagan?", "answer": {"text": "the head of his penis replaced with the head of a miniature Ronald Reagan from Dimension X", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b02a6ab924a14fde93b43370978ae3e3_1_q#4", "question": "what are elements of canibalism?", "rewrite": "what are elements of canibalism in Ed the Happy Clown?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He reprinted dozens of features and shorts, and offered them to collectors in the 16mm and 8mm formats. In 1959 Edward Finney read newspaper accounts of singing star Gloria Jean now working as a hostess in a restaurant favored by movie people. Finney, a Gloria Jean fan of long standing, decided to make his own Gloria Jean movie and reactivated Boots and Saddles Pictures. The new film was the lightweight comedy \"Laffing Time\", co-starring Finney himself (as comedian \"Eddie Finn\") and veteran comic El Brendel. Finney later added old action footage to it and retitled it \"The Madcaps\". This version was released to theaters in 1964. A third version, \"Tobo the Happy Clown\" (1966), added footage from antique comedies and was aimed at the kiddie-matinee market; Finney played the title role. \"Tobo the Happy Clown\" was Edward Finney's last theatrical production. He serviced the home-movie community into the late 1970s.", "Happy Clown Bad Dub 8/Fun EP \"Happy Clown Bad Dub Eight/Fun EP\" is a 2006 Atmosphere release. Originally released as a promo CD for the Rhymesayers-based label, 7th Street Entry, this CD contains all the tracks that never made it to the final production cut of the album \" You Can't Imagine How Much Fun We're Having\". This was originally released as an LP given to the first 1000 donaters to the 7th Street Entry Label. Additionally, it features 2 alternate recordings of the albums singles, Say Hey There (Music Video), and Panic Attack. Songs all recorded with full production, minus the aforementioned two. In 2015, the EP was re-issued with a bonus unreleased track.", "Brown would thereafter make the production of graphic novels the main focus of his output. \"Yummy Fur\" quickly gained a reputation for taboo-breaking\u2014\"Ed the Happy Clown\"'s plot revolved around a character who couldn't stop defecating, and whose anus was a gateway to another dimension; then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan's head attached to the end of the protagonist's penis; and a beautiful female vampire, who is out to get revenge on the boyfriend who murdered her, and who usually appears entirely naked. Later, in \"The Playboy\", Brown would detail his adolescent obsession with the Playboy Playmates in \"Playboy\" magazine, including explicit scenes of his teenage self masturbating and ejaculating. In the short \"Danny's Story\", Brown had himself picking his nose, and finished with him biting his neighbour. The book was often wrapped in plastic with an \"adults only\" label on it, although it is not known if any issues of \"Yummy Fur\" were ever banned from any comic shop. The edgy content of the book was contrasted with his straight adaptations of the Gospels which appeared in most issues of \"Yummy Fur\"\u2014albeit, adaptations that took a \"warts and all\" approach, in which characters pick their noses and Jesus is going bald. \"Yummy Fur\" had been a catch-all title for Brown's work, but since bringing the series to an end in 1994, he has published new stories, like \"Underwater\" and \"\", under their own titles. Much of the work from the series has been republished in book form\u2014the short work in \"The Little Man\"\u2014but the Gospel stories and most of the later instalments of \"Ed the Happy Clown\" remain uncollected.", "All issues had black-and-white contents printed on newsprint, with colour outer covers on heavier stock paper. The \"Ed the Happy Clown\" storyline has been reprinted in a number of formats since: a 1989 book collecting material from the first 12 issues of Yummy Fur; a 1992 \"\"Definitive Ed Book\"\", which leaves out much of the later material and also provides a completely new ending; and a nine-issue \"Ed the Happy Clown\" series from Drawn and Quarterly with new covers, unpublished artwork and extensive commentary by Brown. The autobiography work has been reprinted as \"\" in 1992 and \"I Never Liked You\" in 1994, with \"The Little Man: Short Strips 1980\u20131995\" collecting the remainder, along with other miscellaneous short works from other sources. Brown decided not to reprint the early \"Yummy Fur\" stories which had borrowed from other works. The Gospel adaptations also remain unfinished and uncollected. The series was recognized by his peers early on, such as Seth, who recommended to Bill Marks to pick it up as a Vortex title; and got good reviews from publications like \"The Comics Journal\" as early as its minicomic days. Joseph Witek wrote of the difficulties \"Yummy Fur\" presented\u2014in the context of the \"high art/low art\" split in alternative comics in the 1980s, best represented by division of visions in Art Spiegelman's \"Raw\" and Robert Crumb's \"Weirdo\", the combination of Brown's grotesque adventures in \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the straight renditions of the Gospels seem to straddle this line. Chris Lanier, writing in \"The Comics Journal\", placed \"Ed the Happy Clown\" in a tradition that included Dan Clowes' \"", "Yummy Fur (comics) Yummy Fur (1983\u20131994) was a comic book by Canadian cartoonist Chester Brown. It contained a number of different comics stories which dealt with a wide variety of subjects. Its often-controversial content led to one printer and one distributor refusing to handle it. Some of Brown's best-known comics were first published in \"Yummy Fur\", including the surreal, taboo-breaking \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the comics from his autobiographical period, which included the graphic novels \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\". Also notable were the eccentric gospel adaptations that ran in most issues. The series and its collected volumes have won a number of awards, and have had a lasting influence on the world of alternative comics. \"Yummy Fur\" started as a self-published minicomic which ran for seven issues, the contents of which were reprinted in the first three issues of the Vortex Comics series which started publication in December 1986. The series switched publishers to Drawn and Quarterly in 1991 until the end of its run in 1994, when Brown started on his \"Underwater\" series. \"Yummy Fur\" came at a time when alternative comics was still young, and is considered one of its defining titles. It was one of the earliest examples of a comic that would have its first success as a self-published mini. It started in an era when comic books and their characters were generally considered to be ongoing, and finished when the self-contained stories of the graphic novel had begun to come into prominence. Brown's ambitions changed in step, \"Yummy Fur\" started with \"Ed the Happy Clown\", which Brown originally didn't intend to have an ending; towards the end, he serialized two works, \"The Playboy\" and \"I Never Liked You\", which were conceived from the start as self-complete works."], "answer": {"text": "Penis-worshipping, rat-eating pygmy cannibals", "answer_start": 1229}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who are some of the characters of Ed the Happy Clown?", "answer": {"text": "Ed is imprisoned when he finds hospital janitor Chet Doodley's severed hand", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the setting of the story?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are aspects of the story that contain Reagan?", "answer": {"text": "the head of his penis replaced with the head of a miniature Ronald Reagan from Dimension X", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some other notable elements in the summary?", "answer": {"text": "Penis-worshipping, rat-eating pygmy cannibals drag the bodies of both Josie and Ed into the sewers.", "answer_start": 1229, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b02a6ab924a14fde93b43370978ae3e3_1_q#5", "question": "what other elements of sexuality were described?", "rewrite": "Besides replacing head of a penis and penis-worshipping cannibals, what other elements of sexuality were described in Ed the Happy Clown Summary?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cecilia Offiong Cecilia Otu Offiong (born 13 June 1986 in Calabar, Cross River) is a Nigerian table tennis player. She won two gold medals, along with her partner Offiong Edem, in the women's doubles at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers, Algeria, and at the 2011 All-Africa Games in Maputo, Mozambique. As of February 2013, Offiong is ranked no. 452 in the world by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF). She is a member of the table tennis team for Calabar Sports Club, and is coached and trained by Obisanya Babatunde. Offiong is also right-handed, and uses the shakehand grip. Offiong made her official debut, as an 18-year-old, at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, where she competed in both singles and doubles tournaments. For her first event, the women's singles, Offiong defeated Brazil's L\u00edgia Silva in the preliminary round, before losing out her next match to North Korea's Kim Yun-Mi, with a unanimous set score of 0\u20134. Offiong also teamed up with her partner Offiong Edem in the women's doubles, where they lost the first round match to Russian duo Oksana Fadeyeva and Galina Melnik, receiving a final set score of 3\u20134. Four years after competing in her first Olympics, Offiong qualified for her second Nigerian team, as a 22-year-old, at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, by placing third from the All-Africa Games in Algiers, Algeria, and receiving a continental spot for Africa in the women's team under ITTF's Computer Team Ranking List.", "Brown would thereafter make the production of graphic novels the main focus of his output. \"Yummy Fur\" quickly gained a reputation for taboo-breaking\u2014\"Ed the Happy Clown\"'s plot revolved around a character who couldn't stop defecating, and whose anus was a gateway to another dimension; then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan's head attached to the end of the protagonist's penis; and a beautiful female vampire, who is out to get revenge on the boyfriend who murdered her, and who usually appears entirely naked. Later, in \"The Playboy\", Brown would detail his adolescent obsession with the Playboy Playmates in \"Playboy\" magazine, including explicit scenes of his teenage self masturbating and ejaculating. In the short \"Danny's Story\", Brown had himself picking his nose, and finished with him biting his neighbour. The book was often wrapped in plastic with an \"adults only\" label on it, although it is not known if any issues of \"Yummy Fur\" were ever banned from any comic shop. The edgy content of the book was contrasted with his straight adaptations of the Gospels which appeared in most issues of \"Yummy Fur\"\u2014albeit, adaptations that took a \"warts and all\" approach, in which characters pick their noses and Jesus is going bald. \"Yummy Fur\" had been a catch-all title for Brown's work, but since bringing the series to an end in 1994, he has published new stories, like \"Underwater\" and \"\", under their own titles. Much of the work from the series has been republished in book form\u2014the short work in \"The Little Man\"\u2014but the Gospel stories and most of the later instalments of \"Ed the Happy Clown\" remain uncollected.", "The children's hospital Ed is about to visit burns down with all the children in it. A number of apparently unrelated short gag strips appear  before Brown begins to tie the narrative together into one plot. Ed is imprisoned when he finds hospital janitor Chet Doodley's severed hand and the police assume Ed had taken it. In the prison a man is unable stop defecating and his faeces fill the jail, engulfing all, including Ed. When Ed emerges he finds the head of his penis replaced with the head of a miniature Ronald Reagan from Dimension X--a world much like Ed's but whose people are tiny. Dimension X has dumped its waste into a trans-dimensional portal, which turns out to be the anus of the man who could not stop defecating. Reagan's body remains in Dimension X, and the professor who discovered the portal travels to Ed's dimension to find the head, making contact with the authorities of Ed's world. Chet believes the loss of his hand is due to his unfaithfulness to his wife; as a child his mother read Chet the story of a Saint Justin who cuts off his right hand to avoid sinning, and Chet assumes his lost hand is a like punishment from God. He tries to atone for it by killing his girlfriend, Josie, in the woods. Penis-worshipping, rat-eating pygmy cannibals drag the bodies of both Josie and Ed into the sewers. As they are about to sever Ed's penis Josie reanimates in time to save him. The two attempt to escape from the sewers when they are accidentally shot by a mother-daughter team of pygmy hunters. Josie dies again, and her disembodied spirit learns from the ghost of Chet's sister that she has become a vampire.", "All issues had black-and-white contents printed on newsprint, with colour outer covers on heavier stock paper. The \"Ed the Happy Clown\" storyline has been reprinted in a number of formats since: a 1989 book collecting material from the first 12 issues of Yummy Fur; a 1992 \"\"Definitive Ed Book\"\", which leaves out much of the later material and also provides a completely new ending; and a nine-issue \"Ed the Happy Clown\" series from Drawn and Quarterly with new covers, unpublished artwork and extensive commentary by Brown. The autobiography work has been reprinted as \"\" in 1992 and \"I Never Liked You\" in 1994, with \"The Little Man: Short Strips 1980\u20131995\" collecting the remainder, along with other miscellaneous short works from other sources. Brown decided not to reprint the early \"Yummy Fur\" stories which had borrowed from other works. The Gospel adaptations also remain unfinished and uncollected. The series was recognized by his peers early on, such as Seth, who recommended to Bill Marks to pick it up as a Vortex title; and got good reviews from publications like \"The Comics Journal\" as early as its minicomic days. Joseph Witek wrote of the difficulties \"Yummy Fur\" presented\u2014in the context of the \"high art/low art\" split in alternative comics in the 1980s, best represented by division of visions in Art Spiegelman's \"Raw\" and Robert Crumb's \"Weirdo\", the combination of Brown's grotesque adventures in \"Ed the Happy Clown\" and the straight renditions of the Gospels seem to straddle this line. Chris Lanier, writing in \"The Comics Journal\", placed \"Ed the Happy Clown\" in a tradition that included Dan Clowes' \"", "He signed a new contract with Hamilton in December that would expire at the end of the 2009\u201310 season. Despite bids from Colchester United and Greek Super League side Skoda Xanthi, Offiong joined the League One team Carlisle United on 25 August 2009 for \u00a375,000 which would rise to \u00a390,000 if Carlisle achieved promotion to the Championship. Offiong's first goal was on 26 January 2010, against Exeter City in a League game, which Carlisle won 3\u20132, with Offiong making a last-gasp winner in the 91st minute. On 30 March 2010, Offiong joined Swedish third-tier team \u00d6stersunds FK in a 15-week loan deal, which lasted until 18 July 2010. He teamed up with Ostersunds FK's former Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers and Livingston player-coach Lee Makel, but his term was cut short by injury after only seven weeks. One day prior to the 2010\u201311 Conference National season commencing, Offiong joined Darlington on loan for the second time in his career on an initial one-month deal. After his loan spell at Darlington, Offiong picked up a thigh injury which ruled him out of action for three weeks. Offiong left Carlisle by mutual consent on 4 January 2011. Offiong joined Conference club Gateshead on 4 March, signing a contract until the end of the season. Making his debut the following day in a 1\u20131 draw with Altrincham at Moss Lane. He scored his first goal for Gateshead on 22 March 2011 against Grimsby Town at Blundell Park. He was released by Gateshead at the end of the season. In May 2011, Offiong signed for the Australian side Oakleigh Cannons. He made his debut on 29 May 2011 as a 60th-minute substitute in a 1\u20130 win against Springvale White Eagles."], "answer": {"text": "Josie gets her revenge by seducing Chet and killing him before he is able to repent, thus sending him to Hell.", "answer_start": 612}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "who are some of the characters of Ed the Happy Clown?", "answer": {"text": "Ed is imprisoned when he finds hospital janitor Chet Doodley's severed hand", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the setting of the story?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are aspects of the story that contain Reagan?", "answer": {"text": "the head of his penis replaced with the head of a miniature Ronald Reagan from Dimension X", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some other notable elements in the summary?", "answer": {"text": "Penis-worshipping, rat-eating pygmy cannibals drag the bodies of both Josie and Ed into the sewers.", "answer_start": 1229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are elements of canibalism?", "answer": {"text": "Penis-worshipping, rat-eating pygmy cannibals", "answer_start": 1229, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f6fdff443eb248a48dc1ad565de4ad71_1_q#0", "question": "When did Thomas A. Hendricks become Senator?", "rewrite": "When did Thomas A. Hendricks become Senator?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas A. Hendricks Monument The Thomas A. Hendricks Monument is a public artwork by American artist Richard Henry Park and is located on the southeast corner of the Indiana Statehouse grounds in Indianapolis, Indiana. The monument is a tribute to Thomas A. Hendricks (September 7, 1819November 25, 1885), the 21st Vice President of the United States (serving with Grover Cleveland). Hendricks was a former U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Indiana. He was the 16th Governor of Indiana and led the campaign to build the Indiana Statehouse. The sculpture is a full-length bronze portrait figure of Hendricks in formal attire with a long dress overcoat. The sculpture's pedestal is red Italian granite. Two bronze allegorical sculptures by Park, one on each side of the pedestal, represent \"Justice\" and \"History\". The original design by Richard Henry Park was a single bronze statue of Hendricks, surmounting a granite pedestal, similar in appearance to the final version. Later, as funds for the monument increased, Park was commissioned to add two seated allegorical statues in bronze representing \"History\" and \"Justice\"; the granite pedestal was enlarged and modified to receive the new features. The monument stands tall; the base is in length and in width. The heroic, full-length bronze portrait figure of Hendricks is tall. It is the largest of the bronze statues on the Indiana Statehouse lawn. Hendricks is depicted in formal, nineteenth-century attire and wears a suit and long dress overcoat. His proper right hand is tucked into a vest across his chest. The figure stands atop a red granite pedestal that has arches, columns, and pilasters. Two full-length bronze female figures, one on each side, flank the pedestal's base. Each figure is seated and wears classical robes. \"Justice\", the figure on the proper left, has long, braided hair.", "Belford Hendricks Belford Cabell \"Sinky\" Hendricks (May 11, 1909 \u2013 September 24, 1977) was an American composer, pianist, arranger, conductor and record producer. He used a variety of names, including Belford Hendricks, Belford Cabell Hendricks, Belford Clifford Hendricks, Sinky Hendricks, and Bill Henry. Hendricks is primarily remembered as the co-composer of numerous soft-R&B songs of the 1950s, many in collaboration with Clyde Otis and Brook Benton, and as an accomplished arranger. His versatility allowed him to write in various styles, from big band swing for Count Basie, through blues ballads for Dinah Washington and Sarah Vaughan, R&B-influenced pop for Benton and country and western numbers for Nat King Cole and Al Martino, to early soul for Aretha Franklin. Hendricks was born in Evansville, Indiana, United States, to Frank Hendricks, a lifelong learner with an eighth-grade education, and Melissa Belle (Logan) Hendricks, a graduate of Evansville's Clark High School. He also had two siblings, Paul Lawrence and Dorothy Medesta. His love affair with music began when his father brought home a piano, quickly learning how to play additional instruments. In high school, he participated in band. In 1924, Hendricks was graduated from the town's then-segregated Douglass High School, later rebuilt and renamed Lincoln High School. After taking several years off, working at local establishments, he enrolled at the Indiana State Teachers' College, now known as Indiana State University, in Terre Haute. Often diverted from his education for semesters at a time by a need to earn money and a desire to practice his musical craft, Hendricks road to graduation was a decade long. As well as taking jobs in local restaurants and hotels, Hendricks was able to play piano with bands in the area.", "William Hendricks William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 \u2013 May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term. Hendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks, and the father of William Hendricks Jr.  He attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick, who later became his close political allies. After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) until 1810. After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. He remained there until he was admitted to the bar. After 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory.", "Some people criticized Miragliotta for stopping the fight too early, as Sadollah seemed to be trying to get up, but Miragliotta defended his stoppage, saying Sadollah was \"out of it\" and \"still looked glassy eyed and asked me what happened.\" Hendricks faced promotional newcomer Ricardo Funch on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision (30\u201327, 30\u201327, and 30\u201325). Hendricks next faced TJ Grant on May 8, 2010, at UFC 113. Hendricks won the bout via majority decision, improving his record to 3\u20130 in the UFC. He next faced Charlie Brenneman on August 7, 2010, at UFC 117. Hendricks defeated him via TKO in the second round. Hendricks fought Rick Story on December 4, 2010, at . Hendricks lost via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Paulo Thiago on March 3, 2011, at . However, Thiago was forced out of the bout with an elbow injury. Instead, Hendricks fought TJ Waldburger on March 26, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 24, replacing an injured Dennis Hallman. Hendricks won via first-round TKO, earning \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks faced Mike Pierce on August 6, 2011, at UFC 133. Hendricks won by split decision. Hendricks fought longtime #2 welterweight Jon Fitch on December 30, 2011, at UFC 141. Hendricks became the first man to finish Fitch in the UFC, winning via knockout just 12 seconds into the first round. The performance also earned \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks next faced Josh Koscheck on May 5, 2012, in the co-main event at . He won the fight via split decision. Hendricks faced Martin Kampmann on November 17, 2012, at UFC 154.", "Hendricks faced Matt Brown on March 14, 2015, at UFC 185. While Brown had a limited amount of success on the feet, Hendricks was successful on nine of ten takedown attempts and neutralized Brown's attacks. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Tyron Woodley on October 3, 2015, at UFC 192. However, the bout was scrapped prior to the weigh-ins due to an intestinal blockage and kidney stone attack suffered by Hendricks during the weight cut. Hendricks faced Stephen Thompson on February 6, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 82. Despite being the betting favorite in this encounter, Hendricks had no answer for Thompson's striking and lost the bout via TKO in the first round, marking the first time Hendricks had ever been finished in his MMA career. Hendricks faced Kelvin Gastelum on July 9, 2016, at UFC 200. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Prior to the bout, Hendricks missed weight by a quarter of a pound and therefore surrendered 20% of his purse to Gastelum. Hendricks faced Neil Magny on December 30, 2016, at UFC 207. At the weigh-ins, Hendricks once again missed weight, weighing in at 173.5 lbs. , two and a half pounds over the welterweight limit. As a result, he forfeited 20% of his purse to Magny. Hendricks lost the bout by unanimous decision in what was a close and competitive fight. Prior to the fight, Hendricks announced his intentions to move up to middleweight after facing Magny due to the hard weight-cut. After several struggles to make the welterweight limit, Hendricks opted to move up a weight class to the middleweight division. He faced Hector Lombard in his middleweight debut on February 19, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 105. Hendricks won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision."], "answer": {"text": "Hendricks represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate (1863-69) during the final years of the American Civil War", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f6fdff443eb248a48dc1ad565de4ad71_1_q#1", "question": "What did he do as sentator?", "rewrite": "What did Thomas A. Hendricks do as sentator?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hendricks faced Matt Brown on March 14, 2015, at UFC 185. While Brown had a limited amount of success on the feet, Hendricks was successful on nine of ten takedown attempts and neutralized Brown's attacks. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Tyron Woodley on October 3, 2015, at UFC 192. However, the bout was scrapped prior to the weigh-ins due to an intestinal blockage and kidney stone attack suffered by Hendricks during the weight cut. Hendricks faced Stephen Thompson on February 6, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 82. Despite being the betting favorite in this encounter, Hendricks had no answer for Thompson's striking and lost the bout via TKO in the first round, marking the first time Hendricks had ever been finished in his MMA career. Hendricks faced Kelvin Gastelum on July 9, 2016, at UFC 200. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Prior to the bout, Hendricks missed weight by a quarter of a pound and therefore surrendered 20% of his purse to Gastelum. Hendricks faced Neil Magny on December 30, 2016, at UFC 207. At the weigh-ins, Hendricks once again missed weight, weighing in at 173.5 lbs. , two and a half pounds over the welterweight limit. As a result, he forfeited 20% of his purse to Magny. Hendricks lost the bout by unanimous decision in what was a close and competitive fight. Prior to the fight, Hendricks announced his intentions to move up to middleweight after facing Magny due to the hard weight-cut. After several struggles to make the welterweight limit, Hendricks opted to move up a weight class to the middleweight division. He faced Hector Lombard in his middleweight debut on February 19, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 105. Hendricks won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision.", "Belford Hendricks Belford Cabell \"Sinky\" Hendricks (May 11, 1909 \u2013 September 24, 1977) was an American composer, pianist, arranger, conductor and record producer. He used a variety of names, including Belford Hendricks, Belford Cabell Hendricks, Belford Clifford Hendricks, Sinky Hendricks, and Bill Henry. Hendricks is primarily remembered as the co-composer of numerous soft-R&B songs of the 1950s, many in collaboration with Clyde Otis and Brook Benton, and as an accomplished arranger. His versatility allowed him to write in various styles, from big band swing for Count Basie, through blues ballads for Dinah Washington and Sarah Vaughan, R&B-influenced pop for Benton and country and western numbers for Nat King Cole and Al Martino, to early soul for Aretha Franklin. Hendricks was born in Evansville, Indiana, United States, to Frank Hendricks, a lifelong learner with an eighth-grade education, and Melissa Belle (Logan) Hendricks, a graduate of Evansville's Clark High School. He also had two siblings, Paul Lawrence and Dorothy Medesta. His love affair with music began when his father brought home a piano, quickly learning how to play additional instruments. In high school, he participated in band. In 1924, Hendricks was graduated from the town's then-segregated Douglass High School, later rebuilt and renamed Lincoln High School. After taking several years off, working at local establishments, he enrolled at the Indiana State Teachers' College, now known as Indiana State University, in Terre Haute. Often diverted from his education for semesters at a time by a need to earn money and a desire to practice his musical craft, Hendricks road to graduation was a decade long. As well as taking jobs in local restaurants and hotels, Hendricks was able to play piano with bands in the area.", "William Hendricks William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 \u2013 May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term. Hendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks, and the father of William Hendricks Jr.  He attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick, who later became his close political allies. After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) until 1810. After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. He remained there until he was admitted to the bar. After 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory.", "Some people criticized Miragliotta for stopping the fight too early, as Sadollah seemed to be trying to get up, but Miragliotta defended his stoppage, saying Sadollah was \"out of it\" and \"still looked glassy eyed and asked me what happened.\" Hendricks faced promotional newcomer Ricardo Funch on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision (30\u201327, 30\u201327, and 30\u201325). Hendricks next faced TJ Grant on May 8, 2010, at UFC 113. Hendricks won the bout via majority decision, improving his record to 3\u20130 in the UFC. He next faced Charlie Brenneman on August 7, 2010, at UFC 117. Hendricks defeated him via TKO in the second round. Hendricks fought Rick Story on December 4, 2010, at . Hendricks lost via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Paulo Thiago on March 3, 2011, at . However, Thiago was forced out of the bout with an elbow injury. Instead, Hendricks fought TJ Waldburger on March 26, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 24, replacing an injured Dennis Hallman. Hendricks won via first-round TKO, earning \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks faced Mike Pierce on August 6, 2011, at UFC 133. Hendricks won by split decision. Hendricks fought longtime #2 welterweight Jon Fitch on December 30, 2011, at UFC 141. Hendricks became the first man to finish Fitch in the UFC, winning via knockout just 12 seconds into the first round. The performance also earned \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks next faced Josh Koscheck on May 5, 2012, in the co-main event at . He won the fight via split decision. Hendricks faced Martin Kampmann on November 17, 2012, at UFC 154.", "Randy Hendricks Randal \"Randy\" Hendricks (born November 18, 1945 in Kansas City, Missouri) is an American attorney and sports agent[1]. He was raised in Westwood, Kansas and is a 1963 graduate of Shawnee Mission North High School, where he was a finalist in the National Merit Scholarship Program. He is managing partner of Hendricks Sports Management, L.P., and managing member of Hendricks Interests LLC, both in Houston, Texas. He practiced law with the Houston firm of Baker Botts out of law school. While there, he represented his first professional athlete. In 1972, he joined with his brother, Alan, to form Hendricks Sports Management. Hendricks was involved in the movement for free agency, a change for professional athletes from the reserve system. Hendricks concentrated on this area until the players earned their free agency in the late 1970s. He continuously represented a significant number of professional athletes for over 40 years. The Hendricks brothers formed Hendricks Sports Management and built an agency which represented approximately 10% of all major league baseball players for nearly 20 years. In 1999, the Hendricks sold their company to SFX Entertainment [2], (now Live Nation), where Randy became Chairman and CEO of the baseball group. Following the conclusion of their management contracts in 2004, the brothers reformed Hendricks Sports Management, which reestablished their profile as leaders in their industry [3]. Hendricks is the author of \"Inside the Strike Zone\", published in 1994 and nominated for the Casey Award for best baseball book for that year. Hendricks has negotiated many record contracts, including several for Roger Clemens [4] and his $28 million one-year contract for Roger Clemens is the highest in the history of baseball. He negotiated a record $37.25 million contract for 21 year old Cuban defector Aroldis Chapman."], "answer": {"text": "Hendricks challenged what he thought was radical legislation, including the military draft and issuing greenbacks;", "answer_start": 553}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas A. Hendricks become Senator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate (1863-69) during the final years of the American Civil War", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f6fdff443eb248a48dc1ad565de4ad71_1_q#2", "question": "What did he stand for?", "rewrite": "What did Thomas A. Hendricks stand for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Randy Hendricks Randal \"Randy\" Hendricks (born November 18, 1945 in Kansas City, Missouri) is an American attorney and sports agent[1]. He was raised in Westwood, Kansas and is a 1963 graduate of Shawnee Mission North High School, where he was a finalist in the National Merit Scholarship Program. He is managing partner of Hendricks Sports Management, L.P., and managing member of Hendricks Interests LLC, both in Houston, Texas. He practiced law with the Houston firm of Baker Botts out of law school. While there, he represented his first professional athlete. In 1972, he joined with his brother, Alan, to form Hendricks Sports Management. Hendricks was involved in the movement for free agency, a change for professional athletes from the reserve system. Hendricks concentrated on this area until the players earned their free agency in the late 1970s. He continuously represented a significant number of professional athletes for over 40 years. The Hendricks brothers formed Hendricks Sports Management and built an agency which represented approximately 10% of all major league baseball players for nearly 20 years. In 1999, the Hendricks sold their company to SFX Entertainment [2], (now Live Nation), where Randy became Chairman and CEO of the baseball group. Following the conclusion of their management contracts in 2004, the brothers reformed Hendricks Sports Management, which reestablished their profile as leaders in their industry [3]. Hendricks is the author of \"Inside the Strike Zone\", published in 1994 and nominated for the Casey Award for best baseball book for that year. Hendricks has negotiated many record contracts, including several for Roger Clemens [4] and his $28 million one-year contract for Roger Clemens is the highest in the history of baseball. He negotiated a record $37.25 million contract for 21 year old Cuban defector Aroldis Chapman.", "Some people criticized Miragliotta for stopping the fight too early, as Sadollah seemed to be trying to get up, but Miragliotta defended his stoppage, saying Sadollah was \"out of it\" and \"still looked glassy eyed and asked me what happened.\" Hendricks faced promotional newcomer Ricardo Funch on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision (30\u201327, 30\u201327, and 30\u201325). Hendricks next faced TJ Grant on May 8, 2010, at UFC 113. Hendricks won the bout via majority decision, improving his record to 3\u20130 in the UFC. He next faced Charlie Brenneman on August 7, 2010, at UFC 117. Hendricks defeated him via TKO in the second round. Hendricks fought Rick Story on December 4, 2010, at . Hendricks lost via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Paulo Thiago on March 3, 2011, at . However, Thiago was forced out of the bout with an elbow injury. Instead, Hendricks fought TJ Waldburger on March 26, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 24, replacing an injured Dennis Hallman. Hendricks won via first-round TKO, earning \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks faced Mike Pierce on August 6, 2011, at UFC 133. Hendricks won by split decision. Hendricks fought longtime #2 welterweight Jon Fitch on December 30, 2011, at UFC 141. Hendricks became the first man to finish Fitch in the UFC, winning via knockout just 12 seconds into the first round. The performance also earned \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks next faced Josh Koscheck on May 5, 2012, in the co-main event at . He won the fight via split decision. Hendricks faced Martin Kampmann on November 17, 2012, at UFC 154.", "Hendricks faced Matt Brown on March 14, 2015, at UFC 185. While Brown had a limited amount of success on the feet, Hendricks was successful on nine of ten takedown attempts and neutralized Brown's attacks. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Tyron Woodley on October 3, 2015, at UFC 192. However, the bout was scrapped prior to the weigh-ins due to an intestinal blockage and kidney stone attack suffered by Hendricks during the weight cut. Hendricks faced Stephen Thompson on February 6, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 82. Despite being the betting favorite in this encounter, Hendricks had no answer for Thompson's striking and lost the bout via TKO in the first round, marking the first time Hendricks had ever been finished in his MMA career. Hendricks faced Kelvin Gastelum on July 9, 2016, at UFC 200. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Prior to the bout, Hendricks missed weight by a quarter of a pound and therefore surrendered 20% of his purse to Gastelum. Hendricks faced Neil Magny on December 30, 2016, at UFC 207. At the weigh-ins, Hendricks once again missed weight, weighing in at 173.5 lbs. , two and a half pounds over the welterweight limit. As a result, he forfeited 20% of his purse to Magny. Hendricks lost the bout by unanimous decision in what was a close and competitive fight. Prior to the fight, Hendricks announced his intentions to move up to middleweight after facing Magny due to the hard weight-cut. After several struggles to make the welterweight limit, Hendricks opted to move up a weight class to the middleweight division. He faced Hector Lombard in his middleweight debut on February 19, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 105. Hendricks won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision.", "Belford Hendricks Belford Cabell \"Sinky\" Hendricks (May 11, 1909 \u2013 September 24, 1977) was an American composer, pianist, arranger, conductor and record producer. He used a variety of names, including Belford Hendricks, Belford Cabell Hendricks, Belford Clifford Hendricks, Sinky Hendricks, and Bill Henry. Hendricks is primarily remembered as the co-composer of numerous soft-R&B songs of the 1950s, many in collaboration with Clyde Otis and Brook Benton, and as an accomplished arranger. His versatility allowed him to write in various styles, from big band swing for Count Basie, through blues ballads for Dinah Washington and Sarah Vaughan, R&B-influenced pop for Benton and country and western numbers for Nat King Cole and Al Martino, to early soul for Aretha Franklin. Hendricks was born in Evansville, Indiana, United States, to Frank Hendricks, a lifelong learner with an eighth-grade education, and Melissa Belle (Logan) Hendricks, a graduate of Evansville's Clark High School. He also had two siblings, Paul Lawrence and Dorothy Medesta. His love affair with music began when his father brought home a piano, quickly learning how to play additional instruments. In high school, he participated in band. In 1924, Hendricks was graduated from the town's then-segregated Douglass High School, later rebuilt and renamed Lincoln High School. After taking several years off, working at local establishments, he enrolled at the Indiana State Teachers' College, now known as Indiana State University, in Terre Haute. Often diverted from his education for semesters at a time by a need to earn money and a desire to practice his musical craft, Hendricks road to graduation was a decade long. As well as taking jobs in local restaurants and hotels, Hendricks was able to play piano with bands in the area.", "William Hendricks William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 \u2013 May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term. Hendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks, and the father of William Hendricks Jr.  He attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick, who later became his close political allies. After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) until 1810. After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. He remained there until he was admitted to the bar. After 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory."], "answer": {"text": "he supported the Union and prosecution of the war, consistently voting in favor of wartime appropriations.", "answer_start": 677}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas A. Hendricks become Senator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate (1863-69) during the final years of the American Civil War", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do as sentator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks challenged what he thought was radical legislation, including the military draft and issuing greenbacks;", "answer_start": 553, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f6fdff443eb248a48dc1ad565de4ad71_1_q#3", "question": "What did he oppose?", "rewrite": "What did Thomas A. Hendricks oppose?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hendricks faced Matt Brown on March 14, 2015, at UFC 185. While Brown had a limited amount of success on the feet, Hendricks was successful on nine of ten takedown attempts and neutralized Brown's attacks. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Tyron Woodley on October 3, 2015, at UFC 192. However, the bout was scrapped prior to the weigh-ins due to an intestinal blockage and kidney stone attack suffered by Hendricks during the weight cut. Hendricks faced Stephen Thompson on February 6, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 82. Despite being the betting favorite in this encounter, Hendricks had no answer for Thompson's striking and lost the bout via TKO in the first round, marking the first time Hendricks had ever been finished in his MMA career. Hendricks faced Kelvin Gastelum on July 9, 2016, at UFC 200. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Prior to the bout, Hendricks missed weight by a quarter of a pound and therefore surrendered 20% of his purse to Gastelum. Hendricks faced Neil Magny on December 30, 2016, at UFC 207. At the weigh-ins, Hendricks once again missed weight, weighing in at 173.5 lbs. , two and a half pounds over the welterweight limit. As a result, he forfeited 20% of his purse to Magny. Hendricks lost the bout by unanimous decision in what was a close and competitive fight. Prior to the fight, Hendricks announced his intentions to move up to middleweight after facing Magny due to the hard weight-cut. After several struggles to make the welterweight limit, Hendricks opted to move up a weight class to the middleweight division. He faced Hector Lombard in his middleweight debut on February 19, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 105. Hendricks won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision.", "Pseudorhabdosynochus bocquetae Pseudorhabdosynochus bocquetae is a diplectanid monogenean parasitic on the gills of groupers. It has been described in 1984 by Guy Oliver and Ilan Paperna. The species was first described as \"Cycloplectanum bocquetae\" and transferred to the genus \"Pseudorhabdosynochus\" by Delane C. Kritsky and Mary Beverley-Burton in 1986. \"Pseudorhabdosynochus bocquetae\" is a small monogenean. The species has the general characteristics of other species of \"Pseudorhabdosynochus\", with a flat body and a posterior haptor, which is the organ by which the monogenean attaches itself to the gill of is host. The haptor bears two squamodiscs, one ventral and one dorsal. The sclerotized male copulatory organ, or \"quadriloculate organ\", has the shape of a bean with four internal chambers, as in other species of \"Pseudorhabdosynochus\". The vagina includes a sclerotized part, which is a complex structure. The grouper \"Epinephelus adscensionis\" is the type-host of \"Pseudorhabdosynochus bocquetae\". The type-locality is the Red Sea.", "Some people criticized Miragliotta for stopping the fight too early, as Sadollah seemed to be trying to get up, but Miragliotta defended his stoppage, saying Sadollah was \"out of it\" and \"still looked glassy eyed and asked me what happened.\" Hendricks faced promotional newcomer Ricardo Funch on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision (30\u201327, 30\u201327, and 30\u201325). Hendricks next faced TJ Grant on May 8, 2010, at UFC 113. Hendricks won the bout via majority decision, improving his record to 3\u20130 in the UFC. He next faced Charlie Brenneman on August 7, 2010, at UFC 117. Hendricks defeated him via TKO in the second round. Hendricks fought Rick Story on December 4, 2010, at . Hendricks lost via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Paulo Thiago on March 3, 2011, at . However, Thiago was forced out of the bout with an elbow injury. Instead, Hendricks fought TJ Waldburger on March 26, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 24, replacing an injured Dennis Hallman. Hendricks won via first-round TKO, earning \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks faced Mike Pierce on August 6, 2011, at UFC 133. Hendricks won by split decision. Hendricks fought longtime #2 welterweight Jon Fitch on December 30, 2011, at UFC 141. Hendricks became the first man to finish Fitch in the UFC, winning via knockout just 12 seconds into the first round. The performance also earned \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks next faced Josh Koscheck on May 5, 2012, in the co-main event at . He won the fight via split decision. Hendricks faced Martin Kampmann on November 17, 2012, at UFC 154.", "Randy Hendricks Randal \"Randy\" Hendricks (born November 18, 1945 in Kansas City, Missouri) is an American attorney and sports agent[1]. He was raised in Westwood, Kansas and is a 1963 graduate of Shawnee Mission North High School, where he was a finalist in the National Merit Scholarship Program. He is managing partner of Hendricks Sports Management, L.P., and managing member of Hendricks Interests LLC, both in Houston, Texas. He practiced law with the Houston firm of Baker Botts out of law school. While there, he represented his first professional athlete. In 1972, he joined with his brother, Alan, to form Hendricks Sports Management. Hendricks was involved in the movement for free agency, a change for professional athletes from the reserve system. Hendricks concentrated on this area until the players earned their free agency in the late 1970s. He continuously represented a significant number of professional athletes for over 40 years. The Hendricks brothers formed Hendricks Sports Management and built an agency which represented approximately 10% of all major league baseball players for nearly 20 years. In 1999, the Hendricks sold their company to SFX Entertainment [2], (now Live Nation), where Randy became Chairman and CEO of the baseball group. Following the conclusion of their management contracts in 2004, the brothers reformed Hendricks Sports Management, which reestablished their profile as leaders in their industry [3]. Hendricks is the author of \"Inside the Strike Zone\", published in 1994 and nominated for the Casey Award for best baseball book for that year. Hendricks has negotiated many record contracts, including several for Roger Clemens [4] and his $28 million one-year contract for Roger Clemens is the highest in the history of baseball. He negotiated a record $37.25 million contract for 21 year old Cuban defector Aroldis Chapman.", "William Hendricks William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 \u2013 May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term. Hendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks, and the father of William Hendricks Jr.  He attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick, who later became his close political allies. After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) until 1810. After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. He remained there until he was admitted to the bar. After 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory."], "answer": {"text": "Hendricks adamantly opposed Radical Reconstruction.", "answer_start": 784}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas A. Hendricks become Senator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate (1863-69) during the final years of the American Civil War", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do as sentator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks challenged what he thought was radical legislation, including the military draft and issuing greenbacks;", "answer_start": 553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he stand for?", "answer": {"text": "he supported the Union and prosecution of the war, consistently voting in favor of wartime appropriations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f6fdff443eb248a48dc1ad565de4ad71_1_q#4", "question": "How did he vote on key issues?", "rewrite": "How did Thomas A. Hendricks vote on key issues?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1884 Democratic National Convention In 1884, the Democrats gathered in Chicago for their National Convention. The Democrats made Governor Grover Cleveland of New York their presidential nominee with the former Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana as the vice presidential nominee. The leading candidate for the presidential nomination was New York Governor Grover Cleveland. Cleveland's reputation for good government made him a national figure. The Republican Party nominated James G. Blaine for president in 1884, although he had been implicated in a financial scandal. Many influential Republicans were outraged, thought the time had come for a national reform administration and withdrew from the convention. These Republicans are called mugwumps, and declared that they would vote for the Democratic candidate based on his integrity. Seven names were placed in nomination: Grover Cleveland, Thomas F. Bayard, Allen G. Thurman, Samuel J. Randall, Joseph E. McDonald, John G. Carlisle, and George Hoadly. Thomas A. Hendricks professed that he was not a candidate for the presidential nomination. When a delegate from Illinois cast the only vote he received on the first ballot, Hendricks rose to ask this vote be withdrawn because it \"wrongly\" placed him before the convention. Nonetheless, Hendricks made an impressive showing on the second ballot but it was not enough to prevent the nomination of Cleveland. Source: US President - D Convention. \"Our Campaigns\". (August 26, 2009). <br> Hendricks, who had the vice presidency \"stolen\" from him in 1876, was offered a second chance at the nomination and he accepted. Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana was overwhelming nominated as the Democratic vice-presidential candidate after the names of John C. Black, George W. Glick, Joseph E. McDonald, and William Rosecrans were withdrawn from consideration. Source: US Vice President - D Convention. \"Our Campaigns\". (August 26, 2009). <br>", "Some of these women gave testimony for the prosecution that Hendricks asked them to remove clothing and made intimate contact with their upper bodies during private test-fittings. Since the brace was normally worn externally, expert witnesses were called to testify that regular clothing and a brief fitting time were more typical, emphasized with an in-court demonstration. The prosecution used these to form a circumstantial case for Hendricks being dissatisfied with his marriage and argued that since Hendricks did not believe in divorce, he had a motive to kill his wife and children. The prosecution argued for Hendricks' sole guilt, although no direct evidence of guilt was found on Hendricks, including a lack of blood contamination. His lawyers failed to challenge some other key pieces of the prosecution's evidence, such as how the order of killings was dubious for a sole killer acting on Hendricks' schedule that evening, and that the weapons and blood spatter suggested two perpetrators. There were signs of carelessly-handled evidence by the investigating team, such as containers identified as the children's stomach contents containing material inconsistent with their known preferences. The contents had been used by an expert witness to establish a time of death prior to Hendricks leaving on his business trip. Hendricks was sentenced to four consecutive life sentences. He served seven years in Menard Correctional Center in Illinois. While incarcerated Hendrick befriended his cellmate, convicted murderer and prison fugitive Henry Hillenbrand. Using a tape recorder and with Hillenbrand's blessing Hendricks used his jail time to pen a novel about Hillenbrand's life. Hendricks married a second time while in prison. In 1991, the Illinois Supreme Court overturned the conviction and Hendricks was granted a retrial at the McLean County Law and Justice Center in Bloomington. A surprise prison witness for the prosecution claimed Hendricks had confessed the crime while incarcerated, but a jury was unconvinced and he was acquitted and released.", "Some people criticized Miragliotta for stopping the fight too early, as Sadollah seemed to be trying to get up, but Miragliotta defended his stoppage, saying Sadollah was \"out of it\" and \"still looked glassy eyed and asked me what happened.\" Hendricks faced promotional newcomer Ricardo Funch on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision (30\u201327, 30\u201327, and 30\u201325). Hendricks next faced TJ Grant on May 8, 2010, at UFC 113. Hendricks won the bout via majority decision, improving his record to 3\u20130 in the UFC. He next faced Charlie Brenneman on August 7, 2010, at UFC 117. Hendricks defeated him via TKO in the second round. Hendricks fought Rick Story on December 4, 2010, at . Hendricks lost via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Paulo Thiago on March 3, 2011, at . However, Thiago was forced out of the bout with an elbow injury. Instead, Hendricks fought TJ Waldburger on March 26, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 24, replacing an injured Dennis Hallman. Hendricks won via first-round TKO, earning \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks faced Mike Pierce on August 6, 2011, at UFC 133. Hendricks won by split decision. Hendricks fought longtime #2 welterweight Jon Fitch on December 30, 2011, at UFC 141. Hendricks became the first man to finish Fitch in the UFC, winning via knockout just 12 seconds into the first round. The performance also earned \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks next faced Josh Koscheck on May 5, 2012, in the co-main event at . He won the fight via split decision. Hendricks faced Martin Kampmann on November 17, 2012, at UFC 154.", "Hendricks faced Matt Brown on March 14, 2015, at UFC 185. While Brown had a limited amount of success on the feet, Hendricks was successful on nine of ten takedown attempts and neutralized Brown's attacks. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Tyron Woodley on October 3, 2015, at UFC 192. However, the bout was scrapped prior to the weigh-ins due to an intestinal blockage and kidney stone attack suffered by Hendricks during the weight cut. Hendricks faced Stephen Thompson on February 6, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 82. Despite being the betting favorite in this encounter, Hendricks had no answer for Thompson's striking and lost the bout via TKO in the first round, marking the first time Hendricks had ever been finished in his MMA career. Hendricks faced Kelvin Gastelum on July 9, 2016, at UFC 200. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Prior to the bout, Hendricks missed weight by a quarter of a pound and therefore surrendered 20% of his purse to Gastelum. Hendricks faced Neil Magny on December 30, 2016, at UFC 207. At the weigh-ins, Hendricks once again missed weight, weighing in at 173.5 lbs. , two and a half pounds over the welterweight limit. As a result, he forfeited 20% of his purse to Magny. Hendricks lost the bout by unanimous decision in what was a close and competitive fight. Prior to the fight, Hendricks announced his intentions to move up to middleweight after facing Magny due to the hard weight-cut. After several struggles to make the welterweight limit, Hendricks opted to move up a weight class to the middleweight division. He faced Hector Lombard in his middleweight debut on February 19, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 105. Hendricks won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision.", "William Hendricks William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 \u2013 May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term. Hendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks, and the father of William Hendricks Jr.  He attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick, who later became his close political allies. After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) until 1810. After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. He remained there until he was admitted to the bar. After 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory."], "answer": {"text": "Hendricks voted against the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution that would, upon ratification,", "answer_start": 1081}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas A. Hendricks become Senator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate (1863-69) during the final years of the American Civil War", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do as sentator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks challenged what he thought was radical legislation, including the military draft and issuing greenbacks;", "answer_start": 553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he stand for?", "answer": {"text": "he supported the Union and prosecution of the war, consistently voting in favor of wartime appropriations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he oppose?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks adamantly opposed Radical Reconstruction.", "answer_start": 784, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f6fdff443eb248a48dc1ad565de4ad71_1_q#5", "question": "What else?", "rewrite": "What else is there to know about Thomas A. Hendricks other than oppositions, what Thomas did as a senator, key issues, and when Thomas became senator?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some people criticized Miragliotta for stopping the fight too early, as Sadollah seemed to be trying to get up, but Miragliotta defended his stoppage, saying Sadollah was \"out of it\" and \"still looked glassy eyed and asked me what happened.\" Hendricks faced promotional newcomer Ricardo Funch on December 12, 2009, at UFC 107. Hendricks won the fight via unanimous decision (30\u201327, 30\u201327, and 30\u201325). Hendricks next faced TJ Grant on May 8, 2010, at UFC 113. Hendricks won the bout via majority decision, improving his record to 3\u20130 in the UFC. He next faced Charlie Brenneman on August 7, 2010, at UFC 117. Hendricks defeated him via TKO in the second round. Hendricks fought Rick Story on December 4, 2010, at . Hendricks lost via unanimous decision. Hendricks was expected to face Paulo Thiago on March 3, 2011, at . However, Thiago was forced out of the bout with an elbow injury. Instead, Hendricks fought TJ Waldburger on March 26, 2011, at UFC Fight Night 24, replacing an injured Dennis Hallman. Hendricks won via first-round TKO, earning \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks faced Mike Pierce on August 6, 2011, at UFC 133. Hendricks won by split decision. Hendricks fought longtime #2 welterweight Jon Fitch on December 30, 2011, at UFC 141. Hendricks became the first man to finish Fitch in the UFC, winning via knockout just 12 seconds into the first round. The performance also earned \"Knockout of the Night\" honors. Hendricks next faced Josh Koscheck on May 5, 2012, in the co-main event at . He won the fight via split decision. Hendricks faced Martin Kampmann on November 17, 2012, at UFC 154.", "William Hendricks William Hendricks (November 12, 1782 \u2013 May 16, 1850) was a Democratic-Republican member of the House of Representatives from 1816 to 1822, the third Governor of Indiana from 1822 to 1825, and an Anti-Jacksonian member of the U.S. Senate from 1825 to 1837. He led much of his family into politics and founded one of the largest political families in Indiana. He was the uncle of Thomas Andrews Hendricks, who was also Governor of Indiana and Vice President of the United States. Hendricks County was named in his honor. His term as governor was spent repairing the state's finances to later enable large scale internal improvements. The establishment of the basic framework of the state's public school system and the transfer of the capital from Corydon to Indianapolis also occurred during his term. Hendricks was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1782, the son of Abraham and Ann Jamison Hendricks. His father was a prominent man in the community and a state legislator. He was the brother of Thomas Hendricks and John Hendricks, the uncle of Vice President Thomas Andrews Hendricks, and the father of William Hendricks Jr.  He attended a common school in Ligonier Valley where he was a classmate of Jonathan Jennings and William W. Wick, who later became his close political allies. After completion of the lower grades Hendricks attended Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) until 1810. After completing college he moved west to Ohio where his older brother Obadiah operated a law practice, and briefly lived in his home. He studied law with him a short time and was admitted to the bar. From 1810 to 1812 he made a living as a school teacher while he studied law in Cincinnati and lived in the home of his sister, Ann. He remained there until he was admitted to the bar. After 1813 he moved to Madison in the Indiana Territory.", "Independent Senate Group The Independent Senate Group (, OSF) is a political party in the Dutch Senate with one senator, representing several provincial parties. The OSF differs from other Dutch political parties in that it does not have individual membership, but only grants membership to provincial parties, or municipal local parties that are members of a provincial party. The OSF only contests the elections for the Eerste Kamer and represents regionalist interests. In 1995, several provincial parties and The Greens proposed their own independent list for the Senate elections, called the Platform of Independent Groups/Greens (\"Platform van Onafhankelijke Groepen/De Groenen). \" Marten Bierman (a member of the Greens) was elected through preferential vote and in 1999, Bierman was re-elected. In 2003, Henk ten Hoeve became senator for the OSF. He was a member of the Friesland provincial legislature representing the Frisian National Party. He remained senator until 2011, after which his role was taken over by Kees de Lange. De Lange was elected on the OSF list, but was a member of the 50PLUS party, with which the OSF had a vote sharing agreement. In 2015 De Lange broke with the OSF due to a disagreement concerning the possible cooperation between the OSF and the People's Party of Limburg of Jos van Rey, a former alderman and representative often associated with corruption. In 2015, Henk ten Hoeve became senator of the OSF for a second time. Since 2019 Gerben Gerbrandy, former mayor of Achtkarspelen, has been the senator representing the OSF. The OSF consists of the following provincial parties:", "Thomas A. Hendricks Monument The Thomas A. Hendricks Monument is a public artwork by American artist Richard Henry Park and is located on the southeast corner of the Indiana Statehouse grounds in Indianapolis, Indiana. The monument is a tribute to Thomas A. Hendricks (September 7, 1819November 25, 1885), the 21st Vice President of the United States (serving with Grover Cleveland). Hendricks was a former U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Indiana. He was the 16th Governor of Indiana and led the campaign to build the Indiana Statehouse. The sculpture is a full-length bronze portrait figure of Hendricks in formal attire with a long dress overcoat. The sculpture's pedestal is red Italian granite. Two bronze allegorical sculptures by Park, one on each side of the pedestal, represent \"Justice\" and \"History\". The original design by Richard Henry Park was a single bronze statue of Hendricks, surmounting a granite pedestal, similar in appearance to the final version. Later, as funds for the monument increased, Park was commissioned to add two seated allegorical statues in bronze representing \"History\" and \"Justice\"; the granite pedestal was enlarged and modified to receive the new features. The monument stands tall; the base is in length and in width. The heroic, full-length bronze portrait figure of Hendricks is tall. It is the largest of the bronze statues on the Indiana Statehouse lawn. Hendricks is depicted in formal, nineteenth-century attire and wears a suit and long dress overcoat. His proper right hand is tucked into a vest across his chest. The figure stands atop a red granite pedestal that has arches, columns, and pilasters. Two full-length bronze female figures, one on each side, flank the pedestal's base. Each figure is seated and wears classical robes. \"Justice\", the figure on the proper left, has long, braided hair.", "Tommy Hendricks Thomas Emmett \"Tommy\" Hendricks, III (born October 23, 1978) is a former American football player. He played college football as a defensive back for the University of Michigan from 1996 to 1999 and was a member of the undefeated 1997 Michigan Wolverines football team that was ranked #1 in the final AP Poll. He later played professional football as a backup linebacker and special teams player in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins from 2000 to 2003 and the Jacksonville Jaguars during the 2004 season. Hendricks was born in Houston, Texas, in 1978. He attended Scarborough High School and Eisenhower High School, both in Houston. He became known as one of the best high school defensive backs in the country while playing for Eisenhower. Hendricks' father, Thomas Hendricks, Jr., played college football as a halfback at the University of Michigan from 1953 to 1955. Hendricks committed to Michigan in February 1996. He enrolled in the fall of 1996 and played college football as a defensive back for head coach Lloyd Carr's Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1996 to 1999. As a sophomore, Hendricks started all 12 games at free safety for the undefeated 1997 Michigan Wolverines football team that outscored opponents 322\u2013144, won the Big Ten Conference championship, defeated Washington State in the 1998 Rose Bowl, and was ranked #1 in the final AP Poll. Hendricks also started all 13 games at free safety for Michigan during the 1998 season, and completed a 37-game streak by starting all 12 games at strong safety for the 1999 Michigan team. He was selected by the conference coaches as a first-team defensive back on the 1999 All-Big Ten Conference football team. In four years at Michigan, Hendricks started 37 games and registered 222 tackles, 12 pass breakups and three interceptions. Hendricks was undrafted in the 2000 NFL Draft."], "answer": {"text": "he unsuccessfully opposed reconstruction legislation.", "answer_start": 1510}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas A. Hendricks become Senator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks represented Indiana in the U.S. Senate (1863-69) during the final years of the American Civil War", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do as sentator?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks challenged what he thought was radical legislation, including the military draft and issuing greenbacks;", "answer_start": 553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he stand for?", "answer": {"text": "he supported the Union and prosecution of the war, consistently voting in favor of wartime appropriations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he oppose?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks adamantly opposed Radical Reconstruction.", "answer_start": 784, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he vote on key issues?", "answer": {"text": "Hendricks voted against the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution that would, upon ratification,", "answer_start": 1081, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "rewrite": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["G\u00f6del numbering In mathematical logic, a G\u00f6del numbering is a function that assigns to each symbol and well-formed formula of some formal language a unique natural number, called its G\u00f6del number. The concept was used by Kurt G\u00f6del for the proof of his incompleteness theorems. () A G\u00f6del numbering can be interpreted as an encoding in which a number is assigned to each symbol of a mathematical notation, after which a sequence of natural numbers can then represent a sequence of symbols. These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of G\u00f6del's paper in 1931, the term \"G\u00f6del numbering\" or \"G\u00f6del code\" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects. G\u00f6del noted that statements within a system can be represented by natural numbers. The significance of this was that properties of statements - such as their truth and falsehood - would be equivalent to determining whether their G\u00f6del numbers had certain properties. The numbers involved might be very long indeed (in terms of number of digits), but this is not a barrier; all that matters is that we can show such numbers can be constructed. In simple terms, we devise a method by which every formula or statement that can be formulated in our system gets a unique number, in such a way that we can mechanically convert back and forth between formulas and G\u00f6del numbers. Clearly there are many ways this can be done. Given any statement, the number it is converted to is known as its G\u00f6del number. A simple example is the way in which English is stored as a sequence of numbers in computers using ASCII or Unicode: G\u00f6del used a system based on prime factorization. He first assigned a unique natural number to each basic symbol in the formal language of arithmetic with which he was dealing.", "Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded.", "G\u00f6del's ontological proof  G\u00f6del's ontological proof is a formal argument by the mathematician Kurt G\u00f6del (1906\u20131978) for the existence of God. The argument is in a line of development that goes back to Anselm of Canterbury (1033\u20131109). St. Anselm's ontological argument, in its most succinct form, is as follows: \"God, by definition, is that for which no greater can be conceived. God exists in the understanding. If God exists in the understanding, we could imagine Him to be greater by existing in reality. Therefore, God must exist. \" A more elaborate version was given by Gottfried Leibniz (1646\u20131716); this is the version that G\u00f6del studied and attempted to clarify with his ontological argument. G\u00f6del left a fourteen-point outline of his philosophical beliefs in his papers. Points relevant to the ontological proof include  The first version of the ontological proof in G\u00f6del's papers is dated \"around 1941\". G\u00f6del is not known to have told anyone about his work on the proof until 1970, when he thought he was dying. In February, he allowed Dana Scott to copy out a version of the proof, which circulated privately. In August 1970, G\u00f6del told Oskar Morgenstern that he was \"satisfied\" with the proof, but Morgenstern recorded in his diary entry for 29 August 1970, that G\u00f6del would not publish because he was afraid that others might think \"that he actually believes in God, whereas he is only engaged in a logical investigation (that is, in showing that such a proof with classical assumptions (completeness, etc.) correspondingly axiomatized, is possible).\" G\u00f6del died January 14, 1978. Another version, slightly different from Scott's, was found in his papers.", "This profound paradox presented by Jules Richard in 1905 informed the work of Kurt G\u00f6del (cf Nagel and Newman p. 60ff) and Alan Turing. A succinct definition is found in \"Principia Mathematica\": Kurt G\u00f6del considered his proof to be \u201can analogy\u201d of Richard's paradox, which he called \u201c\"Richard's antinomy\"\u201d. See more below about G\u00f6del's proof. Alan Turing constructed this paradox with a machine and proved that this machine could not answer a simple question: will this machine be able to determine if any machine (including itself) will become trapped in an unproductive \u2018infinite loop\u2019 ( i.e. it fails to continue its computation of the diagonal number). To quote Nagel and Newman (p. 68), \"G\u00f6del's paper is difficult. Forty-six preliminary definitions, together with several important preliminary theorems, must be mastered before the main results are reached\" ( p. 68). In fact, Nagel and Newman required a 67-page introduction to their exposition of the proof. But if the reader feels strong enough to tackle the paper, Martin Davis observes that \"This remarkable paper is not only an intellectual landmark, but is written with a clarity and vigor that makes it a pleasure to read\" (Davis in Undecidable, p. 4). It is recommended that most readers see Nagel and Newman first. So what did G\u00f6del prove? In his own words: G\u00f6del compared his proof to \"Richard's antinomy\" (an \"antinomy\" is a contradiction or a paradox; for more see Richard's paradox): A number of similar undecidability proofs appeared soon before and after Turing's proof:   For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff."], "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#1", "question": "When was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["G\u00f6del numbering In mathematical logic, a G\u00f6del numbering is a function that assigns to each symbol and well-formed formula of some formal language a unique natural number, called its G\u00f6del number. The concept was used by Kurt G\u00f6del for the proof of his incompleteness theorems. () A G\u00f6del numbering can be interpreted as an encoding in which a number is assigned to each symbol of a mathematical notation, after which a sequence of natural numbers can then represent a sequence of symbols. These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of G\u00f6del's paper in 1931, the term \"G\u00f6del numbering\" or \"G\u00f6del code\" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects. G\u00f6del noted that statements within a system can be represented by natural numbers. The significance of this was that properties of statements - such as their truth and falsehood - would be equivalent to determining whether their G\u00f6del numbers had certain properties. The numbers involved might be very long indeed (in terms of number of digits), but this is not a barrier; all that matters is that we can show such numbers can be constructed. In simple terms, we devise a method by which every formula or statement that can be formulated in our system gets a unique number, in such a way that we can mechanically convert back and forth between formulas and G\u00f6del numbers. Clearly there are many ways this can be done. Given any statement, the number it is converted to is known as its G\u00f6del number. A simple example is the way in which English is stored as a sequence of numbers in computers using ASCII or Unicode: G\u00f6del used a system based on prime factorization. He first assigned a unique natural number to each basic symbol in the formal language of arithmetic with which he was dealing.", "This profound paradox presented by Jules Richard in 1905 informed the work of Kurt G\u00f6del (cf Nagel and Newman p. 60ff) and Alan Turing. A succinct definition is found in \"Principia Mathematica\": Kurt G\u00f6del considered his proof to be \u201can analogy\u201d of Richard's paradox, which he called \u201c\"Richard's antinomy\"\u201d. See more below about G\u00f6del's proof. Alan Turing constructed this paradox with a machine and proved that this machine could not answer a simple question: will this machine be able to determine if any machine (including itself) will become trapped in an unproductive \u2018infinite loop\u2019 ( i.e. it fails to continue its computation of the diagonal number). To quote Nagel and Newman (p. 68), \"G\u00f6del's paper is difficult. Forty-six preliminary definitions, together with several important preliminary theorems, must be mastered before the main results are reached\" ( p. 68). In fact, Nagel and Newman required a 67-page introduction to their exposition of the proof. But if the reader feels strong enough to tackle the paper, Martin Davis observes that \"This remarkable paper is not only an intellectual landmark, but is written with a clarity and vigor that makes it a pleasure to read\" (Davis in Undecidable, p. 4). It is recommended that most readers see Nagel and Newman first. So what did G\u00f6del prove? In his own words: G\u00f6del compared his proof to \"Richard's antinomy\" (an \"antinomy\" is a contradiction or a paradox; for more see Richard's paradox): A number of similar undecidability proofs appeared soon before and after Turing's proof:   For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff.", "G\u00f6del's ontological proof  G\u00f6del's ontological proof is a formal argument by the mathematician Kurt G\u00f6del (1906\u20131978) for the existence of God. The argument is in a line of development that goes back to Anselm of Canterbury (1033\u20131109). St. Anselm's ontological argument, in its most succinct form, is as follows: \"God, by definition, is that for which no greater can be conceived. God exists in the understanding. If God exists in the understanding, we could imagine Him to be greater by existing in reality. Therefore, God must exist. \" A more elaborate version was given by Gottfried Leibniz (1646\u20131716); this is the version that G\u00f6del studied and attempted to clarify with his ontological argument. G\u00f6del left a fourteen-point outline of his philosophical beliefs in his papers. Points relevant to the ontological proof include  The first version of the ontological proof in G\u00f6del's papers is dated \"around 1941\". G\u00f6del is not known to have told anyone about his work on the proof until 1970, when he thought he was dying. In February, he allowed Dana Scott to copy out a version of the proof, which circulated privately. In August 1970, G\u00f6del told Oskar Morgenstern that he was \"satisfied\" with the proof, but Morgenstern recorded in his diary entry for 29 August 1970, that G\u00f6del would not publish because he was afraid that others might think \"that he actually believes in God, whereas he is only engaged in a logical investigation (that is, in showing that such a proof with classical assumptions (completeness, etc.) correspondingly axiomatized, is possible).\" G\u00f6del died January 14, 1978. Another version, slightly different from Scott's, was found in his papers.", "Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded."], "answer": {"text": "April 28, 1906,", "answer_start": 15}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#2", "question": "What was his home life like?", "rewrite": "What was Kurt G\u00f6del's home life like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system.", "G\u00f6del numbering In mathematical logic, a G\u00f6del numbering is a function that assigns to each symbol and well-formed formula of some formal language a unique natural number, called its G\u00f6del number. The concept was used by Kurt G\u00f6del for the proof of his incompleteness theorems. () A G\u00f6del numbering can be interpreted as an encoding in which a number is assigned to each symbol of a mathematical notation, after which a sequence of natural numbers can then represent a sequence of symbols. These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of G\u00f6del's paper in 1931, the term \"G\u00f6del numbering\" or \"G\u00f6del code\" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects. G\u00f6del noted that statements within a system can be represented by natural numbers. The significance of this was that properties of statements - such as their truth and falsehood - would be equivalent to determining whether their G\u00f6del numbers had certain properties. The numbers involved might be very long indeed (in terms of number of digits), but this is not a barrier; all that matters is that we can show such numbers can be constructed. In simple terms, we devise a method by which every formula or statement that can be formulated in our system gets a unique number, in such a way that we can mechanically convert back and forth between formulas and G\u00f6del numbers. Clearly there are many ways this can be done. Given any statement, the number it is converted to is known as its G\u00f6del number. A simple example is the way in which English is stored as a sequence of numbers in computers using ASCII or Unicode: G\u00f6del used a system based on prime factorization. He first assigned a unique natural number to each basic symbol in the formal language of arithmetic with which he was dealing.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded.", "G\u00f6del's ontological proof  G\u00f6del's ontological proof is a formal argument by the mathematician Kurt G\u00f6del (1906\u20131978) for the existence of God. The argument is in a line of development that goes back to Anselm of Canterbury (1033\u20131109). St. Anselm's ontological argument, in its most succinct form, is as follows: \"God, by definition, is that for which no greater can be conceived. God exists in the understanding. If God exists in the understanding, we could imagine Him to be greater by existing in reality. Therefore, God must exist. \" A more elaborate version was given by Gottfried Leibniz (1646\u20131716); this is the version that G\u00f6del studied and attempted to clarify with his ontological argument. G\u00f6del left a fourteen-point outline of his philosophical beliefs in his papers. Points relevant to the ontological proof include  The first version of the ontological proof in G\u00f6del's papers is dated \"around 1941\". G\u00f6del is not known to have told anyone about his work on the proof until 1970, when he thought he was dying. In February, he allowed Dana Scott to copy out a version of the proof, which circulated privately. In August 1970, G\u00f6del told Oskar Morgenstern that he was \"satisfied\" with the proof, but Morgenstern recorded in his diary entry for 29 August 1970, that G\u00f6del would not publish because he was afraid that others might think \"that he actually believes in God, whereas he is only engaged in a logical investigation (that is, in showing that such a proof with classical assumptions (completeness, etc.) correspondingly axiomatized, is possible).\" G\u00f6del died January 14, 1978. Another version, slightly different from Scott's, was found in his papers.", "This profound paradox presented by Jules Richard in 1905 informed the work of Kurt G\u00f6del (cf Nagel and Newman p. 60ff) and Alan Turing. A succinct definition is found in \"Principia Mathematica\": Kurt G\u00f6del considered his proof to be \u201can analogy\u201d of Richard's paradox, which he called \u201c\"Richard's antinomy\"\u201d. See more below about G\u00f6del's proof. Alan Turing constructed this paradox with a machine and proved that this machine could not answer a simple question: will this machine be able to determine if any machine (including itself) will become trapped in an unproductive \u2018infinite loop\u2019 ( i.e. it fails to continue its computation of the diagonal number). To quote Nagel and Newman (p. 68), \"G\u00f6del's paper is difficult. Forty-six preliminary definitions, together with several important preliminary theorems, must be mastered before the main results are reached\" ( p. 68). In fact, Nagel and Newman required a 67-page introduction to their exposition of the proof. But if the reader feels strong enough to tackle the paper, Martin Davis observes that \"This remarkable paper is not only an intellectual landmark, but is written with a clarity and vigor that makes it a pleasure to read\" (Davis in Undecidable, p. 4). It is recommended that most readers see Nagel and Newman first. So what did G\u00f6del prove? In his own words: G\u00f6del compared his proof to \"Richard's antinomy\" (an \"antinomy\" is a contradiction or a paradox; for more see Richard's paradox): A number of similar undecidability proofs appeared soon before and after Turing's proof:   For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff."], "answer": {"text": "ethnic German family", "answer_start": 93}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "April 28, 1906,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Kurt G\u00f6del go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded.", "This profound paradox presented by Jules Richard in 1905 informed the work of Kurt G\u00f6del (cf Nagel and Newman p. 60ff) and Alan Turing. A succinct definition is found in \"Principia Mathematica\": Kurt G\u00f6del considered his proof to be \u201can analogy\u201d of Richard's paradox, which he called \u201c\"Richard's antinomy\"\u201d. See more below about G\u00f6del's proof. Alan Turing constructed this paradox with a machine and proved that this machine could not answer a simple question: will this machine be able to determine if any machine (including itself) will become trapped in an unproductive \u2018infinite loop\u2019 ( i.e. it fails to continue its computation of the diagonal number). To quote Nagel and Newman (p. 68), \"G\u00f6del's paper is difficult. Forty-six preliminary definitions, together with several important preliminary theorems, must be mastered before the main results are reached\" ( p. 68). In fact, Nagel and Newman required a 67-page introduction to their exposition of the proof. But if the reader feels strong enough to tackle the paper, Martin Davis observes that \"This remarkable paper is not only an intellectual landmark, but is written with a clarity and vigor that makes it a pleasure to read\" (Davis in Undecidable, p. 4). It is recommended that most readers see Nagel and Newman first. So what did G\u00f6del prove? In his own words: G\u00f6del compared his proof to \"Richard's antinomy\" (an \"antinomy\" is a contradiction or a paradox; for more see Richard's paradox): A number of similar undecidability proofs appeared soon before and after Turing's proof:   For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff.", "G\u00f6del's ontological proof  G\u00f6del's ontological proof is a formal argument by the mathematician Kurt G\u00f6del (1906\u20131978) for the existence of God. The argument is in a line of development that goes back to Anselm of Canterbury (1033\u20131109). St. Anselm's ontological argument, in its most succinct form, is as follows: \"God, by definition, is that for which no greater can be conceived. God exists in the understanding. If God exists in the understanding, we could imagine Him to be greater by existing in reality. Therefore, God must exist. \" A more elaborate version was given by Gottfried Leibniz (1646\u20131716); this is the version that G\u00f6del studied and attempted to clarify with his ontological argument. G\u00f6del left a fourteen-point outline of his philosophical beliefs in his papers. Points relevant to the ontological proof include  The first version of the ontological proof in G\u00f6del's papers is dated \"around 1941\". G\u00f6del is not known to have told anyone about his work on the proof until 1970, when he thought he was dying. In February, he allowed Dana Scott to copy out a version of the proof, which circulated privately. In August 1970, G\u00f6del told Oskar Morgenstern that he was \"satisfied\" with the proof, but Morgenstern recorded in his diary entry for 29 August 1970, that G\u00f6del would not publish because he was afraid that others might think \"that he actually believes in God, whereas he is only engaged in a logical investigation (that is, in showing that such a proof with classical assumptions (completeness, etc.) correspondingly axiomatized, is possible).\" G\u00f6del died January 14, 1978. Another version, slightly different from Scott's, was found in his papers.", "G\u00f6del numbering In mathematical logic, a G\u00f6del numbering is a function that assigns to each symbol and well-formed formula of some formal language a unique natural number, called its G\u00f6del number. The concept was used by Kurt G\u00f6del for the proof of his incompleteness theorems. () A G\u00f6del numbering can be interpreted as an encoding in which a number is assigned to each symbol of a mathematical notation, after which a sequence of natural numbers can then represent a sequence of symbols. These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of G\u00f6del's paper in 1931, the term \"G\u00f6del numbering\" or \"G\u00f6del code\" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects. G\u00f6del noted that statements within a system can be represented by natural numbers. The significance of this was that properties of statements - such as their truth and falsehood - would be equivalent to determining whether their G\u00f6del numbers had certain properties. The numbers involved might be very long indeed (in terms of number of digits), but this is not a barrier; all that matters is that we can show such numbers can be constructed. In simple terms, we devise a method by which every formula or statement that can be formulated in our system gets a unique number, in such a way that we can mechanically convert back and forth between formulas and G\u00f6del numbers. Clearly there are many ways this can be done. Given any statement, the number it is converted to is known as its G\u00f6del number. A simple example is the way in which English is stored as a sequence of numbers in computers using ASCII or Unicode: G\u00f6del used a system based on prime factorization. He first assigned a unique natural number to each basic symbol in the formal language of arithmetic with which he was dealing."], "answer": {"text": "Godel attended the Evangelische Volksschule, a Lutheran school in Brunn", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "April 28, 1906,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his home life like?", "answer": {"text": "ethnic German family", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#4", "question": "What were his interests?", "rewrite": "What were Kurt G\u00f6del's interests?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This profound paradox presented by Jules Richard in 1905 informed the work of Kurt G\u00f6del (cf Nagel and Newman p. 60ff) and Alan Turing. A succinct definition is found in \"Principia Mathematica\": Kurt G\u00f6del considered his proof to be \u201can analogy\u201d of Richard's paradox, which he called \u201c\"Richard's antinomy\"\u201d. See more below about G\u00f6del's proof. Alan Turing constructed this paradox with a machine and proved that this machine could not answer a simple question: will this machine be able to determine if any machine (including itself) will become trapped in an unproductive \u2018infinite loop\u2019 ( i.e. it fails to continue its computation of the diagonal number). To quote Nagel and Newman (p. 68), \"G\u00f6del's paper is difficult. Forty-six preliminary definitions, together with several important preliminary theorems, must be mastered before the main results are reached\" ( p. 68). In fact, Nagel and Newman required a 67-page introduction to their exposition of the proof. But if the reader feels strong enough to tackle the paper, Martin Davis observes that \"This remarkable paper is not only an intellectual landmark, but is written with a clarity and vigor that makes it a pleasure to read\" (Davis in Undecidable, p. 4). It is recommended that most readers see Nagel and Newman first. So what did G\u00f6del prove? In his own words: G\u00f6del compared his proof to \"Richard's antinomy\" (an \"antinomy\" is a contradiction or a paradox; for more see Richard's paradox): A number of similar undecidability proofs appeared soon before and after Turing's proof:   For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded.", "Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system.", "G\u00f6del machine A G\u00f6del machine is a hypothetical self-improving computer program that solves problems in an optimal way. It uses a recursive self-improvement protocol in which it rewrites its own code when it can prove the new code provides a better strategy. The machine was invented by J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber (first proposed in 2003), but is named after Kurt G\u00f6del who inspired the mathematical theories. The G\u00f6del machine is often discussed when dealing with issues of meta-learning, also known as \"learning to learn.\" Applications include automating human design decisions and transfer of knowledge between multiple related tasks, and may lead to design of more robust and general learning architectures. Though theoretically possible, no full implementation has been created. The G\u00f6del machine is often compared with Marcus Hutter's AIXItl, another formal specification for an artificial general intelligence. Schmidhuber points out that the G\u00f6del machine could start out by implementing AIXItl as its initial sub-program, and self-modify after it finds proof that another algorithm for its search code will be better. Traditional problems solved by a computer only require one input and provide some output. Computers of this sort had their initial algorithm hardwired. This doesn't take into account the dynamic natural environment, and thus was a goal for the G\u00f6del machine to overcome. The G\u00f6del machine has limitations of its own, however. Any formal system that encompasses arithmetic is either flawed or allows for unprovable but true statements. Hence even a G\u00f6del machine with unlimited computational resources must ignore those self-improvements whose effectiveness it cannot prove. There are three variables that are particularly useful in the run time of the G\u00f6del machine. At any given time formula_1, where formula_11, the goal is to maximize future success or utility. A typical \"utility function\" follows the pattern formula_12:", "G\u00f6del numbering In mathematical logic, a G\u00f6del numbering is a function that assigns to each symbol and well-formed formula of some formal language a unique natural number, called its G\u00f6del number. The concept was used by Kurt G\u00f6del for the proof of his incompleteness theorems. () A G\u00f6del numbering can be interpreted as an encoding in which a number is assigned to each symbol of a mathematical notation, after which a sequence of natural numbers can then represent a sequence of symbols. These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of G\u00f6del's paper in 1931, the term \"G\u00f6del numbering\" or \"G\u00f6del code\" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects. G\u00f6del noted that statements within a system can be represented by natural numbers. The significance of this was that properties of statements - such as their truth and falsehood - would be equivalent to determining whether their G\u00f6del numbers had certain properties. The numbers involved might be very long indeed (in terms of number of digits), but this is not a barrier; all that matters is that we can show such numbers can be constructed. In simple terms, we devise a method by which every formula or statement that can be formulated in our system gets a unique number, in such a way that we can mechanically convert back and forth between formulas and G\u00f6del numbers. Clearly there are many ways this can be done. Given any statement, the number it is converted to is known as its G\u00f6del number. A simple example is the way in which English is stored as a sequence of numbers in computers using ASCII or Unicode: G\u00f6del used a system based on prime factorization. He first assigned a unique natural number to each basic symbol in the formal language of arithmetic with which he was dealing."], "answer": {"text": "Although Kurt had first excelled in languages, he later became more interested in history and mathematics.", "answer_start": 261}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "April 28, 1906,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his home life like?", "answer": {"text": "ethnic German family", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Godel attended the Evangelische Volksschule, a Lutheran school in Brunn", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to Kurt G\u00f6del's interests in Languages, History and Mathematics, is there any other interesting aspects about him?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["G\u00f6del numbering In mathematical logic, a G\u00f6del numbering is a function that assigns to each symbol and well-formed formula of some formal language a unique natural number, called its G\u00f6del number. The concept was used by Kurt G\u00f6del for the proof of his incompleteness theorems. () A G\u00f6del numbering can be interpreted as an encoding in which a number is assigned to each symbol of a mathematical notation, after which a sequence of natural numbers can then represent a sequence of symbols. These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of G\u00f6del's paper in 1931, the term \"G\u00f6del numbering\" or \"G\u00f6del code\" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects. G\u00f6del noted that statements within a system can be represented by natural numbers. The significance of this was that properties of statements - such as their truth and falsehood - would be equivalent to determining whether their G\u00f6del numbers had certain properties. The numbers involved might be very long indeed (in terms of number of digits), but this is not a barrier; all that matters is that we can show such numbers can be constructed. In simple terms, we devise a method by which every formula or statement that can be formulated in our system gets a unique number, in such a way that we can mechanically convert back and forth between formulas and G\u00f6del numbers. Clearly there are many ways this can be done. Given any statement, the number it is converted to is known as its G\u00f6del number. A simple example is the way in which English is stored as a sequence of numbers in computers using ASCII or Unicode: G\u00f6del used a system based on prime factorization. He first assigned a unique natural number to each basic symbol in the formal language of arithmetic with which he was dealing.", "His second play, \"Incompleteness\" (2005), is an imaginary account of the last seventeen days in the life of the great logician Kurt G\u00f6del, which G\u00f6del spent in a Princeton, New Jersey, hospital, refusing to eat out of fear that he was being poisoned. The play was staged in Athens, in 2006, as Dekati Evdomi Nyhta (Seventeenth Night) with the actor Yorgos Kotanidis in the role of Kurt G\u00f6del. Doxiadis has also written and directed two feature-length films, in Greek, \"Underground Passage\" (\"\u03a5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\", 1983) and \"Terirem\" (\"\u03a4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\", 1987). The latter won the CICAE (International Confederation of Art Cinemas) prize for Best Film in the 1988 Berlin International Film Festival. Doxiadis has a lifelong interest in logic, cognitive psychology and rhetoric, as well as the theoretical study of narrative. In 2007, he organized, with mathematician Barry Mazur, a meeting on the theoretical investigation of the relationship of mathematics and narrative, whose proceedings were published as \"Circles Disturbed, The Interplay of Mathematics and Narrative\" (2012). Doxiadis has lectured extensively on his theoretical interests. Doxiadis\u2019 recent work has led him to formulate a theory about the development of deductive proof in Classical Greece, which lays emphasis on influences from pre-existing patterns in narrative and, especially, Archaic Age Poetry. \"Uncle Petros and Goldbach \u2019s Conjecture\" was the first recipient of the Premio Peano the first international award for books inspired by mathematics and short-listed for the Prix M\u00e9dicis. \"", "This profound paradox presented by Jules Richard in 1905 informed the work of Kurt G\u00f6del (cf Nagel and Newman p. 60ff) and Alan Turing. A succinct definition is found in \"Principia Mathematica\": Kurt G\u00f6del considered his proof to be \u201can analogy\u201d of Richard's paradox, which he called \u201c\"Richard's antinomy\"\u201d. See more below about G\u00f6del's proof. Alan Turing constructed this paradox with a machine and proved that this machine could not answer a simple question: will this machine be able to determine if any machine (including itself) will become trapped in an unproductive \u2018infinite loop\u2019 ( i.e. it fails to continue its computation of the diagonal number). To quote Nagel and Newman (p. 68), \"G\u00f6del's paper is difficult. Forty-six preliminary definitions, together with several important preliminary theorems, must be mastered before the main results are reached\" ( p. 68). In fact, Nagel and Newman required a 67-page introduction to their exposition of the proof. But if the reader feels strong enough to tackle the paper, Martin Davis observes that \"This remarkable paper is not only an intellectual landmark, but is written with a clarity and vigor that makes it a pleasure to read\" (Davis in Undecidable, p. 4). It is recommended that most readers see Nagel and Newman first. So what did G\u00f6del prove? In his own words: G\u00f6del compared his proof to \"Richard's antinomy\" (an \"antinomy\" is a contradiction or a paradox; for more see Richard's paradox): A number of similar undecidability proofs appeared soon before and after Turing's proof:   For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded.", "Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system."], "answer": {"text": "Kurt suffered from rheumatic fever; he completely recovered, but for the rest of his life he remained convinced that his heart had suffered permanent damage.", "answer_start": 1412}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "April 28, 1906,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his home life like?", "answer": {"text": "ethnic German family", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Godel attended the Evangelische Volksschule, a Lutheran school in Brunn", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What were his interests?", "answer": {"text": "Although Kurt had first excelled in languages, he later became more interested in history and mathematics.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#6", "question": "What made him think his heart had permanent damage?", "rewrite": "What made Kurt G\u00f6del think about his heart had permanent damage?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system.", "G\u00f6del numbering In mathematical logic, a G\u00f6del numbering is a function that assigns to each symbol and well-formed formula of some formal language a unique natural number, called its G\u00f6del number. The concept was used by Kurt G\u00f6del for the proof of his incompleteness theorems. () A G\u00f6del numbering can be interpreted as an encoding in which a number is assigned to each symbol of a mathematical notation, after which a sequence of natural numbers can then represent a sequence of symbols. These sequences of natural numbers can again be represented by single natural numbers, facilitating their manipulation in formal theories of arithmetic. Since the publishing of G\u00f6del's paper in 1931, the term \"G\u00f6del numbering\" or \"G\u00f6del code\" has been used to refer to more general assignments of natural numbers to mathematical objects. G\u00f6del noted that statements within a system can be represented by natural numbers. The significance of this was that properties of statements - such as their truth and falsehood - would be equivalent to determining whether their G\u00f6del numbers had certain properties. The numbers involved might be very long indeed (in terms of number of digits), but this is not a barrier; all that matters is that we can show such numbers can be constructed. In simple terms, we devise a method by which every formula or statement that can be formulated in our system gets a unique number, in such a way that we can mechanically convert back and forth between formulas and G\u00f6del numbers. Clearly there are many ways this can be done. Given any statement, the number it is converted to is known as its G\u00f6del number. A simple example is the way in which English is stored as a sequence of numbers in computers using ASCII or Unicode: G\u00f6del used a system based on prime factorization. He first assigned a unique natural number to each basic symbol in the formal language of arithmetic with which he was dealing.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded.", "G\u00f6del's ontological proof  G\u00f6del's ontological proof is a formal argument by the mathematician Kurt G\u00f6del (1906\u20131978) for the existence of God. The argument is in a line of development that goes back to Anselm of Canterbury (1033\u20131109). St. Anselm's ontological argument, in its most succinct form, is as follows: \"God, by definition, is that for which no greater can be conceived. God exists in the understanding. If God exists in the understanding, we could imagine Him to be greater by existing in reality. Therefore, God must exist. \" A more elaborate version was given by Gottfried Leibniz (1646\u20131716); this is the version that G\u00f6del studied and attempted to clarify with his ontological argument. G\u00f6del left a fourteen-point outline of his philosophical beliefs in his papers. Points relevant to the ontological proof include  The first version of the ontological proof in G\u00f6del's papers is dated \"around 1941\". G\u00f6del is not known to have told anyone about his work on the proof until 1970, when he thought he was dying. In February, he allowed Dana Scott to copy out a version of the proof, which circulated privately. In August 1970, G\u00f6del told Oskar Morgenstern that he was \"satisfied\" with the proof, but Morgenstern recorded in his diary entry for 29 August 1970, that G\u00f6del would not publish because he was afraid that others might think \"that he actually believes in God, whereas he is only engaged in a logical investigation (that is, in showing that such a proof with classical assumptions (completeness, etc.) correspondingly axiomatized, is possible).\" G\u00f6del died January 14, 1978. Another version, slightly different from Scott's, was found in his papers.", "This profound paradox presented by Jules Richard in 1905 informed the work of Kurt G\u00f6del (cf Nagel and Newman p. 60ff) and Alan Turing. A succinct definition is found in \"Principia Mathematica\": Kurt G\u00f6del considered his proof to be \u201can analogy\u201d of Richard's paradox, which he called \u201c\"Richard's antinomy\"\u201d. See more below about G\u00f6del's proof. Alan Turing constructed this paradox with a machine and proved that this machine could not answer a simple question: will this machine be able to determine if any machine (including itself) will become trapped in an unproductive \u2018infinite loop\u2019 ( i.e. it fails to continue its computation of the diagonal number). To quote Nagel and Newman (p. 68), \"G\u00f6del's paper is difficult. Forty-six preliminary definitions, together with several important preliminary theorems, must be mastered before the main results are reached\" ( p. 68). In fact, Nagel and Newman required a 67-page introduction to their exposition of the proof. But if the reader feels strong enough to tackle the paper, Martin Davis observes that \"This remarkable paper is not only an intellectual landmark, but is written with a clarity and vigor that makes it a pleasure to read\" (Davis in Undecidable, p. 4). It is recommended that most readers see Nagel and Newman first. So what did G\u00f6del prove? In his own words: G\u00f6del compared his proof to \"Richard's antinomy\" (an \"antinomy\" is a contradiction or a paradox; for more see Richard's paradox): A number of similar undecidability proofs appeared soon before and after Turing's proof:   For an exposition suitable for non-specialists see Beltrami p. 108ff."], "answer": {"text": "According to his brother Rudolf, at the age of six or seven Kurt suffered from rheumatic fever;", "answer_start": 1352}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "April 28, 1906,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his home life like?", "answer": {"text": "ethnic German family", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Godel attended the Evangelische Volksschule, a Lutheran school in Brunn", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What were his interests?", "answer": {"text": "Although Kurt had first excelled in languages, he later became more interested in history and mathematics.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kurt suffered from rheumatic fever; he completely recovered, but for the rest of his life he remained convinced that his heart had suffered permanent damage.", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d6c9f76ff3e42c48d9abe5d49b3da30_1_q#7", "question": "WHat else was significant about his childhood?", "rewrite": "Along with Austrian Citizenship, What else was significant about Kurt G\u00f6del's childhood?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For children born prior to that date, the father must have been an Austrian citizen: children born to an Austrian mother married to a non-Austrian father do not qualify. If the parents are not married, a mother automatically passes on Austrian citizenship. A father passes on citizenship if he acknowledges paternity or a court does so within eight weeks of the birth. Should the parents marry at some time after the birth, citizenship is automatically granted to the child retroactively. If the child is over 14 at that time, however, the child's consent is needed. It is possible to apply for Austrian citizenship by naturalization generally after 10 years of continuous residence in Austria. However in certain cases it is possible to apply earlier. Additional requirements include:  This requirement can be waived in exceptional cases. Naturalization as an Austrian citizen based on 10 years of continuous residence is discretionary. The residence requirement may be reduced or waived in the following cases: Some persons are entitled to Austrian citizenship by a simpler process than naturalization. Minor children of a person granted Austrian citizenship are most often granted Austrian citizenship as well. This is so far the most restrictive law among all the European Union member countries about the foreign spouses obtaining the member state's citizenship. A person who has lived in Austria for 30 years, or 15 years in cases of 'sustained personal and occupational integration', is entitled to grant of Austrian citizenship. A stateless person born in Austria may be granted Austrian citizenship within two years of age 18 if (s)he has lived in Austria for a total of 10 years, including 5 years continuously before application. As a result of the fact that appointment to a professorship at an Austrian university or other institute of higher learning entailed being named a state official before the year 2001 , foreign citizens formerly received Austrian citizenship immediately when they took office, without additionally applying for citizenship, or being compelled to do so .", "The First Austrian Republic recognized all citizens of Republic of German-Austria as Austrian citizens, effective 13 December 1918. Also recognized as citizens were all individuals with permanent residence in the territory of German-Austria since at least 1914. Individuals with Austrian citizenship outside of German-Austria (with the exception of Galicia, Dalmatia and Istria) were given the right to declare themselves German-Austrians and so receive citizenship. The new constitution of 1920 introduced the system of States (\"Bundesl\u00e4nder\"). Nationality law was now handled at the State level (\"Landesb\u00fcrgerschaft\"), still tied to municipal citizenship (\"Heimatrecht\") via the subsidiarity principle. A new nationality passed in 1925 permitted naturalization following a period of permanent residence of at least four years. Between 13 March 1938 and 27 April 1945, Austria was part of Germany, and German nationality law applied. Those acquiring Austrian citizenship upon the establishment of the Second Austrian Republic in 1945 generally lost German citizenship on that date. The Republic of Austria was established in 1955, and the current nationality law was originally passed in 1965, and renewed in 1985 to reflect gender equality, introducing perfect symmetry for the acquisition of nationality via marriage by either partner. The law has been updated several times, in 1986, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1997,1998, 2006 and 2013. Birth in Austria does not in itself confer Austrian citizenship. However it may lead to a reduction in the residence requirement for naturalisation as an Austrian citizen. Foundlings under the age of 6 months are legally presumed to have Austrian citizenship. A child born to two Austrian parents is an Austrian citizen, regardless of the parents' marital status. If the parents are married at the time of birth, Austrian citizenship of either the mother or the father is sufficient, so long as the child was born after 1 September 1983.", "Exceptions are made for situations where it is in the interest of the Republic of Austria to grant this dual citizenship (e.g. when somebody is a celebrity in arts, sports, science, economy etc.), or in situations where the citizen would suffer hardship due to not having the second citizenship. If, for example, an Austrian citizen wants to obtain U.S. citizenship because he/ she lives in the U.S. and, without a U.S. citizenship, would lose their green card due to being made to travel more than 180 days per year by their employer, then if they apply for permission to retain Austrian citizenship, that request is usually granted and has become almost a formality. The important part is that the application to retain Austrian citizenship is made \"before\" acquiring another citizenship. Otherwise the Austrian citizenship is automatically lost the moment a person obtains a foreign citizenship. The law can change at any time, however, especially should the power in the Austrian parliament shift dramatically after an election and a party opposed to the current law regains absolute majority. Austrian citizenship is also automatically lost by serving in a foreign army. There are also provisions for Austrian Jews whose Austrian citizenship was revoked by decree of the Nazi regime and their descendants to regain Austrian citizenship despite having become citizens of another country. Austrian law substantially restricts dual citizenship. In general, only the following categories of Austrian citizens may possess a foreign nationality:  Because Austria forms part of the European Union, Austrian citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament. When in a non-EU country where there is no Austrian embassy, Austrian citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.", "Kurt G\u00f6del Society The Kurt G\u00f6del Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt G\u00f6del, in whose honour it was named. The group also organizes an ongoing lecture series called \"Collegium Logicum\". Former speakers include Henk Barendregt, George Boolos, Jaakko Hintikka and Wilfrid Hodges. In April 2006, the G\u00f6del society organized \"Horizons of Truth\", an international symposium celebrating the 100th Birthday of Kurt G\u00f6del. In 2011, the G\u00f6del society with support from the Templeton Foundation will award 5 \"Kurt G\u00f6del Centenary Research Prize Fellowships\", with a total amount of US$680,000. In 2008, the first round of these fellowships was awarded.", "Juliette Kennedy Juliette Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Her main research interests are mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. In the course of her work she has published extensively on the works of Kurt G\u00f6del. Kennedy is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Helsinki. Kennedy's research at the University of Helsinki focuses on mathematical logic in the area of set-theoretic model theory and set theory. In the course of her mathematical work she also researches the history of mathematics and the foundations of mathematics. In this context she has sustained an extensive project to place the works of Kurt G\u00f6del in its historical and foundational context. In 2017 she published her research on the interplay between the works of Alan Turing and that of G\u00f6del, who in 1956 defined the P versus NP problem in a letter to John von Neumann. Kennedy and Roman Kossak are the editors of \"Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics: Theorems, Philosophies\", published as Book 36 in the series \"Lecture Notes in Logic\" in 2012 by Cambridge University Press. Kennedy is the editor of \"Interpreting G\u00f6del: Critical Essays\", published in 2014 by Cambridge University Press and reprinted in 2017. In the book Kennedy brought together leading contemporary philosophers and mathematicians to explore the impact of G\u00f6del's work on the foundations and philosophy of mathematics. The logician Kurt G\u00f6del has in 1931 formulated the incompleteness theorems, which among other things prove that within any formal system with resources sufficient to code arithmetic, questions exist which are neither provable nor disprovable on the basis of the axioms which define the system."], "answer": {"text": "Godel automatically became a Czechoslovak citizen at age 12 when the Austro-Hungarian Empire broke up at the end of World War I.", "answer_start": 737}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt G\u00f6del born?", "answer": {"text": "Brunn, Austria-Hungary", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "April 28, 1906,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his home life like?", "answer": {"text": "ethnic German family", "answer_start": 93, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Godel attended the Evangelische Volksschule, a Lutheran school in Brunn", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What were his interests?", "answer": {"text": "Although Kurt had first excelled in languages, he later became more interested in history and mathematics.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kurt suffered from rheumatic fever; he completely recovered, but for the rest of his life he remained convinced that his heart had suffered permanent damage.", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him think his heart had permanent damage?", "answer": {"text": "According to his brother Rudolf, at the age of six or seven Kurt suffered from rheumatic fever;", "answer_start": 1352, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc69c2cbc074a2db1191aa6191e9194_0_q#0", "question": "What was Van Morrison's real name?", "rewrite": "What was Van Morrison's real name?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\" When the biography came out in hardcover, Van Morrison sent Turner 36 statements from the book that he called \"lies, gross exaggerations and innuendo\". Van Morrison told Turner that none of the 40 individuals the author had interviewed for the biography were currently friends of his. The letter from Van Morrison to Turner concluded with: \"I am very sorry that you feel you are entitled to earn a living by peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally. \" In his reply letter to Van Morrison, Turner wrote: \"You may not think you are 'difficult' or 'introvert' but other people do and have the right to express their opinions.\" \"The Sunday Times\" reported that \"Allegedly, Van's management even considered buying up all 25,000 copies of the book to pulp them,\" and this was also reported in \"The Independent\". \" The Evening Times\" wrote that Van Morrison \"reportedly tried to buy all the copies of a biography by Steve Turner.\" Representatives for Van Morrison did not confirm whether he attempted to purchase the 25,000 copies of the biography, and confirmed that \"representatives of the singer discussed various possibilities\". Van Morrison's manager, Chris O'Donnell, said of the musician: \"He is not happy about books, period. He is an artist and stands up for himself \u2013 he doesn't want his private life raked over.\" Steve Turner appeared on a panel of experts in the 2008 documentary \"Van Morrison: Under Review 1964\u20131974\". Along with Turner was Johnny Rogan, author of the biographies \"Van Morrison: A Portrait of the Artist\" (1984) and \"\" (2005). The introduction to the book includes an analysis by the author of Van Morrison's skill to use \"the stuff of his life\".", "Morrison's influence reaches into the country music genre, with Hal Ketchum acknowledging, \"He (Van Morrison) was a major influence in my life.\" Morrison's influence on the younger generation of singer-songwriters is pervasive: including Irish singer Damien Rice, who has been described as on his way to becoming the \"natural heir to Van Morrison\"; Ray Lamontagne; James Morrison; Paolo Nutini; Eric Lindell David Gray and Ed Sheeran are also several of the younger artists influenced by Morrison. Glen Hansard of the Irish rock band the Frames (who lists Van Morrison as being part of his holy trinity with Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen) commonly covers his songs in concert. American rock band the Wallflowers have covered \"Into the Mystic\". Canadian blues-rock singer Colin James also covers the song frequently at his concerts. Actor and musician Robert Pattinson has said Van Morrison was his \"influence for doing music in the first place\". Morrison has shared the stage with Northern Irish singer-songwriter Duke Special, who admits Morrison has been a big influence. Overall, Morrison has typically been supportive of other artists, often willingly sharing the stage with them during his concerts. On the live album, A Night in San Francisco, he had as his special guests, among others, his childhood idols: Jimmy Witherspoon, John Lee Hooker and Junior Wells. Although he often expresses his displeasure (in interviews and songs) with the music industry and the media in general, he has been instrumental in promoting the careers of many other musicians and singers, such as James Hunter, and fellow Belfast-born brothers, Brian and Bap Kennedy. Morrison has also influenced the other arts: the German painter Johannes Heisig created a series of lithographs illustrating the book In the Garden - for Van Morrison, published by Stadtische Galerie Sonneberg, Germany, in 1997.", "Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now is a biography of musician Van Morrison, written by Steve Turner. It was first published in 1993 in the United States by Penguin Group, and in Great Britain by Bloomsbury Publishing. Turner first met Van Morrison in 1985; he interviewed approximately 40 people that knew the subject in his research for the biography. Van Morrison did not think positively of the biography, and multiple newspapers reported he attempted to purchase all of the book's 25,000 copies. He sent a letter to the author asserting the 40 individuals interviewed for the book were not his friends, and accused Turner of \"peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally\". The biography takes a pictorial format, and includes many photographs of Van Morrison and scenes relating to his life, including close-up shots and contact prints. Turner discusses Van Morrison's youth in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and how early experiences shaped his perceptions. Flautist John Payne was interviewed for the book, and comments on his work with Van Morrison on the album \"Astral Weeks\". Turner discusses Van Morrison's reluctance to be interviewed or engage with the public, and includes quotes from the musician about this desire for privacy. The author discusses Van Morrison's efforts to seek out creativity, and his exploration of spirituality. The book concludes with an assessment of Van Morrison's experiences with religion. The book was selected as \"Editor's Choice\" in the \"Sunday Age\". \" Publishers Weekly\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> review of the book was critical of its \"adulatory\" tone, but called it a \"necessity for fans\", due the inclusion of the discography.", "John Platania John Platania is a session musician, guitar player, and record producer. He was born in 1948 in New York\u2019s Mid-Hudson Valley, in Ulster County, near Woodstock. Platania is best known for his work with Van Morrison, beginning on \"Moondance\", and most recently on 2016's \"Keep Me Singing\". In 1973 he toured with Morrison as a member of his band at the time The Caledonia Soul Orchestra. The double live album \" It's Too Late to Stop Now\" was released in 1974, which included songs from three nights of the tour. Platania also co-wrote two songs with Morrison, on his compilation album of out-takes \"The Philosopher's Stone\", as well as playing guitar on several of the tracks on disc one. In July 1980, Platania played guitar with Van Morrison's band at the Montreux Jazz Festival, and appeared on the 2006 issued DVD \"Live at Montreux 1980/1974\". In 2006, Platania again reunited with Van Morrison, touring on Morrison's \"Pay The Devil\" tour and continued playing with the Van Morrison band in 2008. On September 15, 2006, he played in Van Morrison's band at the Austin City Limits Music Festival. A limited edition live album was issued from this concert \u2014 \"Live at Austin City Limits Festival\". He also appeared with Morrison in the Austin City Limits film that was made for television and shown in November 2006 on the CMT television channel. He played guitar on several of the tracks on the March 2008 release of Morrison's thirty-third studio album, \"Keep It Simple\". He again played guitar on several of the tracks on the September 2016 release of Morrison's thirty-sixth studio album, \"Keep Me Singing\". In 1976, Platania formed a band in Los Angeles called Giants.", "Turner compares Van Morrison with other musicians of the time period, including Robbie Robertson, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young. The book's 10 chapters contain a pictorial overview of the musician's professional work. The book's chapters are structured according to record releases of the musician. Pictures include images from locations where Van Morrison grew up in Belfast, contact prints from a photo shoot for a cover album with his wife at the time Janet Planet, and archived marketing photographs of a younger Van Morrison. The beginning of the book includes 10 close-up shots of the musician. The book also contains a complete discography of Van Morrison's work. Turner describes Van Morrison's early life as George Ivan Morrison on Hyndford Street in Belfast. \"I'm definitely Irish\", Van Morrison is quoted as stating in the book. He asserts that Van Morrison was affected by his mother's religious conversion to the Jehovah's Witnesses when he was a child. Turner states that this experience contributed to his position as an outcast: \"Who else in Belfast had a father who played Jelly Roll Morton records, and a mother who indulged in doorstep evangelism? \" Turner discusses Van Morrison's musical colleagues, his successes, the break-ups of his various bands, and his efforts to seek out creative expression. The author includes commentary and images from Van Morrison's first release with the band Them in 1964, through to his latest album at the time of the book's publication. Turner interviewed flautist John Payne for the book, who had sat in on sessions with Van Morrison and later collaborated with him. Payne comments on their work together on the album \"Astral Weeks\", which also included musicians Connie Kay, Warren Smith, Jay Berliner, and Richard Davis:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5fc69c2cbc074a2db1191aa6191e9194_0_q#1", "question": "who was one of the 1st people he looked up to", "rewrite": "Who was one of the first people Van Morrison looked up to?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now is a biography of musician Van Morrison, written by Steve Turner. It was first published in 1993 in the United States by Penguin Group, and in Great Britain by Bloomsbury Publishing. Turner first met Van Morrison in 1985; he interviewed approximately 40 people that knew the subject in his research for the biography. Van Morrison did not think positively of the biography, and multiple newspapers reported he attempted to purchase all of the book's 25,000 copies. He sent a letter to the author asserting the 40 individuals interviewed for the book were not his friends, and accused Turner of \"peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally\". The biography takes a pictorial format, and includes many photographs of Van Morrison and scenes relating to his life, including close-up shots and contact prints. Turner discusses Van Morrison's youth in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and how early experiences shaped his perceptions. Flautist John Payne was interviewed for the book, and comments on his work with Van Morrison on the album \"Astral Weeks\". Turner discusses Van Morrison's reluctance to be interviewed or engage with the public, and includes quotes from the musician about this desire for privacy. The author discusses Van Morrison's efforts to seek out creativity, and his exploration of spirituality. The book concludes with an assessment of Van Morrison's experiences with religion. The book was selected as \"Editor's Choice\" in the \"Sunday Age\". \" Publishers Weekly\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> review of the book was critical of its \"adulatory\" tone, but called it a \"necessity for fans\", due the inclusion of the discography.", "Sanbetsu \"Sanbetsu\" was founded in August 1946. During its early phase it counted with around 1.5 million members. \"Sanbetsu\" was organized on initiative of the Japanese Communist Party, and the key leaders of the organization were communists. The organization was able to mobilize a large section of white-collar workers in government and civil service sectors. Salaries in the public sectors were about a half of salaries in the private sector, a fact that enabled the public sector to become a centre of radical trade unionism. \" Sanbetsu\" also established a foothold in the transportation sector. \"Kokur\u014d\" ('National Railway Workers Union') was an important \"Sanbetsu\" union. In October 1946 Sanbetsu launched an offensive wave of strikes. Over one hundred strikes, involving around 180,000 workers, were organized. The energy, coal mine and electrical equipment industry sectors were centres of strike activity. The key demands of the \"October labour offensive\" was establishment of minimum wage based on cost of living, improved retirement-pay system and democratization of the energy industry. In the midst of the October offensive Hosoya Matsuta (deputy general secretary of \"Sanbetsu\") declared that the struggle of the unions was no longer merely economic but also political. He declared that the unions would topple the Yoshida cabinet through a general strike and establish a popular democratic government. Following the October offensive two \"Sanbetsu\" unions, \"Kokur\u014d\" and \"Zentei\" ('Communication Ministry Workers Union'), launched a struggle for higher salaries. During this campaign calls for the overthrow of Yoshida were raised. By the end of the year, \"Sanbetsu\" was clearly the dominant force in the Japanese labour movement. \"Sanbetsu\" took part in the Economic Recovery Conference together with other unions and employers' organizations.", "However, the organization was reluctant to become part of the corporativist system that the Economic Recovery Conference projected. \"Sanbetsu\" planned a major general strike for February 1, 1947. Hosoya Matsuta and the Kokur\u014d leader Ii Yashiro founded \"Zent\u014d\" ('Joint Strike Action National Committee'), consisting of \"Sanbetsu\", \"Sodomei\", \"Nichir\u014d Kaigi\", the Communist Party and the Japan Socialist Party. The demand of the strike was improvement of conditions for public sector employees. Four million workers were expected to take part in the strike. During the preparations for the strike, the political atmosphere was tense. The \"Sanbetsu\" president was severely wounded in an assassination attempt in January 1947. However, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers intervened and blocked the strike, claiming that the strike was contrary to the welfare of the Japanese people. The preparations for the strike had led to divisions between communists and non-communists within \"Sanbetsu\". In its aftermath, the failed strike resulted in a political backlash for \"Sanbetsu\" and the Communist Party. Restrictions on union organizing in the public sector was imposed and key communists were fired from their employments. As a result, defections and splits occurred in \"Sanbetsu\". \"Sanbetsu\" opposed Japanese re-entry into the International Labour Organization. In 1948, dissidents of \"Sanbetsu\" founded \"Sanbetsu Mind\u014d\" ('League for the Democratization of Sanbetsu'), opposed to the dominance of the Communist Party in \"Sanbetsu\". Hosoya Matsuta led the rebellion. The \"Mind\u014d\" movement began in \"Kokur\u014d\". The development of the \"Mind\u014d\" movement was actively encouraged by the American occupation authorities.", "In 1949 the \"Mind\u014d\" movement was expelled from \"Sanbetsu\", but the strength of \"Sanbetsu\" had been severely curtailed by the divisions and expulsions. By 1950, in the aftermath of the feud with \"Mind\u014d\", \"Sanbetsu\" had around 290,000 members. Zenk\u014dwan ('All Japan Harbour Workers Union') left \"Sanbetsu\" in February 1950. By 1951, \"Sanbetsu\" membership stood at around 47,000. In 1953 the combined membership of \"Sanbetsu\" unions was merely 13,000. \"Sanbetsu\" dissolved itself in 1958. The organization worked on the basis of the principle \"one factory plant, one union\", which was the line of the World Federation of Trade Unions. \"Sanbetsu\" joined the WFTU in 1950. \"Sanbetsu\" issued the publication \"Rengo Sensen\".", "\" When the biography came out in hardcover, Van Morrison sent Turner 36 statements from the book that he called \"lies, gross exaggerations and innuendo\". Van Morrison told Turner that none of the 40 individuals the author had interviewed for the biography were currently friends of his. The letter from Van Morrison to Turner concluded with: \"I am very sorry that you feel you are entitled to earn a living by peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally. \" In his reply letter to Van Morrison, Turner wrote: \"You may not think you are 'difficult' or 'introvert' but other people do and have the right to express their opinions.\" \"The Sunday Times\" reported that \"Allegedly, Van's management even considered buying up all 25,000 copies of the book to pulp them,\" and this was also reported in \"The Independent\". \" The Evening Times\" wrote that Van Morrison \"reportedly tried to buy all the copies of a biography by Steve Turner.\" Representatives for Van Morrison did not confirm whether he attempted to purchase the 25,000 copies of the biography, and confirmed that \"representatives of the singer discussed various possibilities\". Van Morrison's manager, Chris O'Donnell, said of the musician: \"He is not happy about books, period. He is an artist and stands up for himself \u2013 he doesn't want his private life raked over.\" Steve Turner appeared on a panel of experts in the 2008 documentary \"Van Morrison: Under Review 1964\u20131974\". Along with Turner was Johnny Rogan, author of the biographies \"Van Morrison: A Portrait of the Artist\" (1984) and \"\" (2005). The introduction to the book includes an analysis by the author of Van Morrison's skill to use \"the stuff of his life\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Van Morrison's real name?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc69c2cbc074a2db1191aa6191e9194_0_q#2", "question": "did he work with anyone", "rewrite": "Did Van Morrison work with anyone?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Morrison's influence reaches into the country music genre, with Hal Ketchum acknowledging, \"He (Van Morrison) was a major influence in my life.\" Morrison's influence on the younger generation of singer-songwriters is pervasive: including Irish singer Damien Rice, who has been described as on his way to becoming the \"natural heir to Van Morrison\"; Ray Lamontagne; James Morrison; Paolo Nutini; Eric Lindell David Gray and Ed Sheeran are also several of the younger artists influenced by Morrison. Glen Hansard of the Irish rock band the Frames (who lists Van Morrison as being part of his holy trinity with Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen) commonly covers his songs in concert. American rock band the Wallflowers have covered \"Into the Mystic\". Canadian blues-rock singer Colin James also covers the song frequently at his concerts. Actor and musician Robert Pattinson has said Van Morrison was his \"influence for doing music in the first place\". Morrison has shared the stage with Northern Irish singer-songwriter Duke Special, who admits Morrison has been a big influence. Overall, Morrison has typically been supportive of other artists, often willingly sharing the stage with them during his concerts. On the live album, A Night in San Francisco, he had as his special guests, among others, his childhood idols: Jimmy Witherspoon, John Lee Hooker and Junior Wells. Although he often expresses his displeasure (in interviews and songs) with the music industry and the media in general, he has been instrumental in promoting the careers of many other musicians and singers, such as James Hunter, and fellow Belfast-born brothers, Brian and Bap Kennedy. Morrison has also influenced the other arts: the German painter Johannes Heisig created a series of lithographs illustrating the book In the Garden - for Van Morrison, published by Stadtische Galerie Sonneberg, Germany, in 1997.", "John Platania John Platania is a session musician, guitar player, and record producer. He was born in 1948 in New York\u2019s Mid-Hudson Valley, in Ulster County, near Woodstock. Platania is best known for his work with Van Morrison, beginning on \"Moondance\", and most recently on 2016's \"Keep Me Singing\". In 1973 he toured with Morrison as a member of his band at the time The Caledonia Soul Orchestra. The double live album \" It's Too Late to Stop Now\" was released in 1974, which included songs from three nights of the tour. Platania also co-wrote two songs with Morrison, on his compilation album of out-takes \"The Philosopher's Stone\", as well as playing guitar on several of the tracks on disc one. In July 1980, Platania played guitar with Van Morrison's band at the Montreux Jazz Festival, and appeared on the 2006 issued DVD \"Live at Montreux 1980/1974\". In 2006, Platania again reunited with Van Morrison, touring on Morrison's \"Pay The Devil\" tour and continued playing with the Van Morrison band in 2008. On September 15, 2006, he played in Van Morrison's band at the Austin City Limits Music Festival. A limited edition live album was issued from this concert \u2014 \"Live at Austin City Limits Festival\". He also appeared with Morrison in the Austin City Limits film that was made for television and shown in November 2006 on the CMT television channel. He played guitar on several of the tracks on the March 2008 release of Morrison's thirty-third studio album, \"Keep It Simple\". He again played guitar on several of the tracks on the September 2016 release of Morrison's thirty-sixth studio album, \"Keep Me Singing\". In 1976, Platania formed a band in Los Angeles called Giants.", "\" When the biography came out in hardcover, Van Morrison sent Turner 36 statements from the book that he called \"lies, gross exaggerations and innuendo\". Van Morrison told Turner that none of the 40 individuals the author had interviewed for the biography were currently friends of his. The letter from Van Morrison to Turner concluded with: \"I am very sorry that you feel you are entitled to earn a living by peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally. \" In his reply letter to Van Morrison, Turner wrote: \"You may not think you are 'difficult' or 'introvert' but other people do and have the right to express their opinions.\" \"The Sunday Times\" reported that \"Allegedly, Van's management even considered buying up all 25,000 copies of the book to pulp them,\" and this was also reported in \"The Independent\". \" The Evening Times\" wrote that Van Morrison \"reportedly tried to buy all the copies of a biography by Steve Turner.\" Representatives for Van Morrison did not confirm whether he attempted to purchase the 25,000 copies of the biography, and confirmed that \"representatives of the singer discussed various possibilities\". Van Morrison's manager, Chris O'Donnell, said of the musician: \"He is not happy about books, period. He is an artist and stands up for himself \u2013 he doesn't want his private life raked over.\" Steve Turner appeared on a panel of experts in the 2008 documentary \"Van Morrison: Under Review 1964\u20131974\". Along with Turner was Johnny Rogan, author of the biographies \"Van Morrison: A Portrait of the Artist\" (1984) and \"\" (2005). The introduction to the book includes an analysis by the author of Van Morrison's skill to use \"the stuff of his life\".", "Turner compares Van Morrison with other musicians of the time period, including Robbie Robertson, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young. The book's 10 chapters contain a pictorial overview of the musician's professional work. The book's chapters are structured according to record releases of the musician. Pictures include images from locations where Van Morrison grew up in Belfast, contact prints from a photo shoot for a cover album with his wife at the time Janet Planet, and archived marketing photographs of a younger Van Morrison. The beginning of the book includes 10 close-up shots of the musician. The book also contains a complete discography of Van Morrison's work. Turner describes Van Morrison's early life as George Ivan Morrison on Hyndford Street in Belfast. \"I'm definitely Irish\", Van Morrison is quoted as stating in the book. He asserts that Van Morrison was affected by his mother's religious conversion to the Jehovah's Witnesses when he was a child. Turner states that this experience contributed to his position as an outcast: \"Who else in Belfast had a father who played Jelly Roll Morton records, and a mother who indulged in doorstep evangelism? \" Turner discusses Van Morrison's musical colleagues, his successes, the break-ups of his various bands, and his efforts to seek out creative expression. The author includes commentary and images from Van Morrison's first release with the band Them in 1964, through to his latest album at the time of the book's publication. Turner interviewed flautist John Payne for the book, who had sat in on sessions with Van Morrison and later collaborated with him. Payne comments on their work together on the album \"Astral Weeks\", which also included musicians Connie Kay, Warren Smith, Jay Berliner, and Richard Davis:", "Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now is a biography of musician Van Morrison, written by Steve Turner. It was first published in 1993 in the United States by Penguin Group, and in Great Britain by Bloomsbury Publishing. Turner first met Van Morrison in 1985; he interviewed approximately 40 people that knew the subject in his research for the biography. Van Morrison did not think positively of the biography, and multiple newspapers reported he attempted to purchase all of the book's 25,000 copies. He sent a letter to the author asserting the 40 individuals interviewed for the book were not his friends, and accused Turner of \"peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally\". The biography takes a pictorial format, and includes many photographs of Van Morrison and scenes relating to his life, including close-up shots and contact prints. Turner discusses Van Morrison's youth in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and how early experiences shaped his perceptions. Flautist John Payne was interviewed for the book, and comments on his work with Van Morrison on the album \"Astral Weeks\". Turner discusses Van Morrison's reluctance to be interviewed or engage with the public, and includes quotes from the musician about this desire for privacy. The author discusses Van Morrison's efforts to seek out creativity, and his exploration of spirituality. The book concludes with an assessment of Van Morrison's experiences with religion. The book was selected as \"Editor's Choice\" in the \"Sunday Age\". \" Publishers Weekly\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> review of the book was critical of its \"adulatory\" tone, but called it a \"necessity for fans\", due the inclusion of the discography."], "answer": {"text": "Morrison has typically been supportive of other artists, often willingly sharing the stage with them during his concerts.", "answer_start": 1081}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Van Morrison's real name?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was one of the 1st people he looked up to", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc69c2cbc074a2db1191aa6191e9194_0_q#3", "question": "who did he perform with", "rewrite": "Who did Van Morrison perform with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now is a biography of musician Van Morrison, written by Steve Turner. It was first published in 1993 in the United States by Penguin Group, and in Great Britain by Bloomsbury Publishing. Turner first met Van Morrison in 1985; he interviewed approximately 40 people that knew the subject in his research for the biography. Van Morrison did not think positively of the biography, and multiple newspapers reported he attempted to purchase all of the book's 25,000 copies. He sent a letter to the author asserting the 40 individuals interviewed for the book were not his friends, and accused Turner of \"peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally\". The biography takes a pictorial format, and includes many photographs of Van Morrison and scenes relating to his life, including close-up shots and contact prints. Turner discusses Van Morrison's youth in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and how early experiences shaped his perceptions. Flautist John Payne was interviewed for the book, and comments on his work with Van Morrison on the album \"Astral Weeks\". Turner discusses Van Morrison's reluctance to be interviewed or engage with the public, and includes quotes from the musician about this desire for privacy. The author discusses Van Morrison's efforts to seek out creativity, and his exploration of spirituality. The book concludes with an assessment of Van Morrison's experiences with religion. The book was selected as \"Editor's Choice\" in the \"Sunday Age\". \" Publishers Weekly\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> review of the book was critical of its \"adulatory\" tone, but called it a \"necessity for fans\", due the inclusion of the discography.", "\" When the biography came out in hardcover, Van Morrison sent Turner 36 statements from the book that he called \"lies, gross exaggerations and innuendo\". Van Morrison told Turner that none of the 40 individuals the author had interviewed for the biography were currently friends of his. The letter from Van Morrison to Turner concluded with: \"I am very sorry that you feel you are entitled to earn a living by peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally. \" In his reply letter to Van Morrison, Turner wrote: \"You may not think you are 'difficult' or 'introvert' but other people do and have the right to express their opinions.\" \"The Sunday Times\" reported that \"Allegedly, Van's management even considered buying up all 25,000 copies of the book to pulp them,\" and this was also reported in \"The Independent\". \" The Evening Times\" wrote that Van Morrison \"reportedly tried to buy all the copies of a biography by Steve Turner.\" Representatives for Van Morrison did not confirm whether he attempted to purchase the 25,000 copies of the biography, and confirmed that \"representatives of the singer discussed various possibilities\". Van Morrison's manager, Chris O'Donnell, said of the musician: \"He is not happy about books, period. He is an artist and stands up for himself \u2013 he doesn't want his private life raked over.\" Steve Turner appeared on a panel of experts in the 2008 documentary \"Van Morrison: Under Review 1964\u20131974\". Along with Turner was Johnny Rogan, author of the biographies \"Van Morrison: A Portrait of the Artist\" (1984) and \"\" (2005). The introduction to the book includes an analysis by the author of Van Morrison's skill to use \"the stuff of his life\".", "Turner compares Van Morrison with other musicians of the time period, including Robbie Robertson, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young. The book's 10 chapters contain a pictorial overview of the musician's professional work. The book's chapters are structured according to record releases of the musician. Pictures include images from locations where Van Morrison grew up in Belfast, contact prints from a photo shoot for a cover album with his wife at the time Janet Planet, and archived marketing photographs of a younger Van Morrison. The beginning of the book includes 10 close-up shots of the musician. The book also contains a complete discography of Van Morrison's work. Turner describes Van Morrison's early life as George Ivan Morrison on Hyndford Street in Belfast. \"I'm definitely Irish\", Van Morrison is quoted as stating in the book. He asserts that Van Morrison was affected by his mother's religious conversion to the Jehovah's Witnesses when he was a child. Turner states that this experience contributed to his position as an outcast: \"Who else in Belfast had a father who played Jelly Roll Morton records, and a mother who indulged in doorstep evangelism? \" Turner discusses Van Morrison's musical colleagues, his successes, the break-ups of his various bands, and his efforts to seek out creative expression. The author includes commentary and images from Van Morrison's first release with the band Them in 1964, through to his latest album at the time of the book's publication. Turner interviewed flautist John Payne for the book, who had sat in on sessions with Van Morrison and later collaborated with him. Payne comments on their work together on the album \"Astral Weeks\", which also included musicians Connie Kay, Warren Smith, Jay Berliner, and Richard Davis:", "John Platania John Platania is a session musician, guitar player, and record producer. He was born in 1948 in New York\u2019s Mid-Hudson Valley, in Ulster County, near Woodstock. Platania is best known for his work with Van Morrison, beginning on \"Moondance\", and most recently on 2016's \"Keep Me Singing\". In 1973 he toured with Morrison as a member of his band at the time The Caledonia Soul Orchestra. The double live album \" It's Too Late to Stop Now\" was released in 1974, which included songs from three nights of the tour. Platania also co-wrote two songs with Morrison, on his compilation album of out-takes \"The Philosopher's Stone\", as well as playing guitar on several of the tracks on disc one. In July 1980, Platania played guitar with Van Morrison's band at the Montreux Jazz Festival, and appeared on the 2006 issued DVD \"Live at Montreux 1980/1974\". In 2006, Platania again reunited with Van Morrison, touring on Morrison's \"Pay The Devil\" tour and continued playing with the Van Morrison band in 2008. On September 15, 2006, he played in Van Morrison's band at the Austin City Limits Music Festival. A limited edition live album was issued from this concert \u2014 \"Live at Austin City Limits Festival\". He also appeared with Morrison in the Austin City Limits film that was made for television and shown in November 2006 on the CMT television channel. He played guitar on several of the tracks on the March 2008 release of Morrison's thirty-third studio album, \"Keep It Simple\". He again played guitar on several of the tracks on the September 2016 release of Morrison's thirty-sixth studio album, \"Keep Me Singing\". In 1976, Platania formed a band in Los Angeles called Giants.", "Morrison's influence reaches into the country music genre, with Hal Ketchum acknowledging, \"He (Van Morrison) was a major influence in my life.\" Morrison's influence on the younger generation of singer-songwriters is pervasive: including Irish singer Damien Rice, who has been described as on his way to becoming the \"natural heir to Van Morrison\"; Ray Lamontagne; James Morrison; Paolo Nutini; Eric Lindell David Gray and Ed Sheeran are also several of the younger artists influenced by Morrison. Glen Hansard of the Irish rock band the Frames (who lists Van Morrison as being part of his holy trinity with Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen) commonly covers his songs in concert. American rock band the Wallflowers have covered \"Into the Mystic\". Canadian blues-rock singer Colin James also covers the song frequently at his concerts. Actor and musician Robert Pattinson has said Van Morrison was his \"influence for doing music in the first place\". Morrison has shared the stage with Northern Irish singer-songwriter Duke Special, who admits Morrison has been a big influence. Overall, Morrison has typically been supportive of other artists, often willingly sharing the stage with them during his concerts. On the live album, A Night in San Francisco, he had as his special guests, among others, his childhood idols: Jimmy Witherspoon, John Lee Hooker and Junior Wells. Although he often expresses his displeasure (in interviews and songs) with the music industry and the media in general, he has been instrumental in promoting the careers of many other musicians and singers, such as James Hunter, and fellow Belfast-born brothers, Brian and Bap Kennedy. Morrison has also influenced the other arts: the German painter Johannes Heisig created a series of lithographs illustrating the book In the Garden - for Van Morrison, published by Stadtische Galerie Sonneberg, Germany, in 1997."], "answer": {"text": "On the live album, A Night in San Francisco, he had as his special guests, among others, his childhood idols: Jimmy Witherspoon, John Lee Hooker and Junior Wells.", "answer_start": 1203}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Van Morrison's real name?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was one of the 1st people he looked up to", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he work with anyone", "answer": {"text": "Morrison has typically been supportive of other artists, often willingly sharing the stage with them during his concerts.", "answer_start": 1081, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fc69c2cbc074a2db1191aa6191e9194_0_q#4", "question": "when did his career take off", "rewrite": "When did Van Morrison's career take off?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Best of Van Morrison The Best of Van Morrison is a compilation album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison. It compiles songs spanning 25 years of his recording career. Released in 1990 by Polydor Records, the album was a critical and commercial success, becoming one of the best-selling records of the 1990s and helping revive Morrison's mainstream popularity. Its success encouraged him to release a second and third greatest hits volume in 1993 and 2007, respectively. The album remains Morrison's best-seller. \"The Best of Van Morrison\" was Morrison's first greatest hits album and featured songs that were compiled from 25 years of material. including \"Wonderful Remark\", a song which first appeared on the soundtrack to the 1983 film \"The King of Comedy\". The album became one of the best-selling records of the 1990s, spending a year and a half on the UK charts, helping Morrison regain his commercial popularity during the decade. It also debuted at number one in Australia on the ARIA Albums Chart. In the United States, the album never reached the Top 40 of the \"Billboard\" 200 but remained on the chart for more than four-and-a-half years. In 2002, the album was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), having shipped four million copies in the US. Morrison was reluctant at first to have a greatest hits album released, although its success encouraged him to personally select tracks for the second and third volumes in 1993 and 2007, respectively. \"As the story goes, Van Morrison wanted nothing to do with his first greatest hits collection\", wrote Andrew Gilstrap from PopMatters. \" He probably warmed up to the idea, though, after the sales figures started pouring in\u2014year after year after year.\"", "\" When the biography came out in hardcover, Van Morrison sent Turner 36 statements from the book that he called \"lies, gross exaggerations and innuendo\". Van Morrison told Turner that none of the 40 individuals the author had interviewed for the biography were currently friends of his. The letter from Van Morrison to Turner concluded with: \"I am very sorry that you feel you are entitled to earn a living by peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally. \" In his reply letter to Van Morrison, Turner wrote: \"You may not think you are 'difficult' or 'introvert' but other people do and have the right to express their opinions.\" \"The Sunday Times\" reported that \"Allegedly, Van's management even considered buying up all 25,000 copies of the book to pulp them,\" and this was also reported in \"The Independent\". \" The Evening Times\" wrote that Van Morrison \"reportedly tried to buy all the copies of a biography by Steve Turner.\" Representatives for Van Morrison did not confirm whether he attempted to purchase the 25,000 copies of the biography, and confirmed that \"representatives of the singer discussed various possibilities\". Van Morrison's manager, Chris O'Donnell, said of the musician: \"He is not happy about books, period. He is an artist and stands up for himself \u2013 he doesn't want his private life raked over.\" Steve Turner appeared on a panel of experts in the 2008 documentary \"Van Morrison: Under Review 1964\u20131974\". Along with Turner was Johnny Rogan, author of the biographies \"Van Morrison: A Portrait of the Artist\" (1984) and \"\" (2005). The introduction to the book includes an analysis by the author of Van Morrison's skill to use \"the stuff of his life\".", "Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now Van Morrison: Too Late to Stop Now is a biography of musician Van Morrison, written by Steve Turner. It was first published in 1993 in the United States by Penguin Group, and in Great Britain by Bloomsbury Publishing. Turner first met Van Morrison in 1985; he interviewed approximately 40 people that knew the subject in his research for the biography. Van Morrison did not think positively of the biography, and multiple newspapers reported he attempted to purchase all of the book's 25,000 copies. He sent a letter to the author asserting the 40 individuals interviewed for the book were not his friends, and accused Turner of \"peddling distortions and inaccuracies about me personally\". The biography takes a pictorial format, and includes many photographs of Van Morrison and scenes relating to his life, including close-up shots and contact prints. Turner discusses Van Morrison's youth in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and how early experiences shaped his perceptions. Flautist John Payne was interviewed for the book, and comments on his work with Van Morrison on the album \"Astral Weeks\". Turner discusses Van Morrison's reluctance to be interviewed or engage with the public, and includes quotes from the musician about this desire for privacy. The author discusses Van Morrison's efforts to seek out creativity, and his exploration of spirituality. The book concludes with an assessment of Van Morrison's experiences with religion. The book was selected as \"Editor's Choice\" in the \"Sunday Age\". \" Publishers Weekly\"<nowiki>'s</nowiki> review of the book was critical of its \"adulatory\" tone, but called it a \"necessity for fans\", due the inclusion of the discography.", "Morrison's influence reaches into the country music genre, with Hal Ketchum acknowledging, \"He (Van Morrison) was a major influence in my life.\" Morrison's influence on the younger generation of singer-songwriters is pervasive: including Irish singer Damien Rice, who has been described as on his way to becoming the \"natural heir to Van Morrison\"; Ray Lamontagne; James Morrison; Paolo Nutini; Eric Lindell David Gray and Ed Sheeran are also several of the younger artists influenced by Morrison. Glen Hansard of the Irish rock band the Frames (who lists Van Morrison as being part of his holy trinity with Bob Dylan and Leonard Cohen) commonly covers his songs in concert. American rock band the Wallflowers have covered \"Into the Mystic\". Canadian blues-rock singer Colin James also covers the song frequently at his concerts. Actor and musician Robert Pattinson has said Van Morrison was his \"influence for doing music in the first place\". Morrison has shared the stage with Northern Irish singer-songwriter Duke Special, who admits Morrison has been a big influence. Overall, Morrison has typically been supportive of other artists, often willingly sharing the stage with them during his concerts. On the live album, A Night in San Francisco, he had as his special guests, among others, his childhood idols: Jimmy Witherspoon, John Lee Hooker and Junior Wells. Although he often expresses his displeasure (in interviews and songs) with the music industry and the media in general, he has been instrumental in promoting the careers of many other musicians and singers, such as James Hunter, and fellow Belfast-born brothers, Brian and Bap Kennedy. Morrison has also influenced the other arts: the German painter Johannes Heisig created a series of lithographs illustrating the book In the Garden - for Van Morrison, published by Stadtische Galerie Sonneberg, Germany, in 1997.", "Turner compares Van Morrison with other musicians of the time period, including Robbie Robertson, Bob Dylan, and Neil Young. The book's 10 chapters contain a pictorial overview of the musician's professional work. The book's chapters are structured according to record releases of the musician. Pictures include images from locations where Van Morrison grew up in Belfast, contact prints from a photo shoot for a cover album with his wife at the time Janet Planet, and archived marketing photographs of a younger Van Morrison. The beginning of the book includes 10 close-up shots of the musician. The book also contains a complete discography of Van Morrison's work. Turner describes Van Morrison's early life as George Ivan Morrison on Hyndford Street in Belfast. \"I'm definitely Irish\", Van Morrison is quoted as stating in the book. He asserts that Van Morrison was affected by his mother's religious conversion to the Jehovah's Witnesses when he was a child. Turner states that this experience contributed to his position as an outcast: \"Who else in Belfast had a father who played Jelly Roll Morton records, and a mother who indulged in doorstep evangelism? \" Turner discusses Van Morrison's musical colleagues, his successes, the break-ups of his various bands, and his efforts to seek out creative expression. The author includes commentary and images from Van Morrison's first release with the band Them in 1964, through to his latest album at the time of the book's publication. Turner interviewed flautist John Payne for the book, who had sat in on sessions with Van Morrison and later collaborated with him. Payne comments on their work together on the album \"Astral Weeks\", which also included musicians Connie Kay, Warren Smith, Jay Berliner, and Richard Davis:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Van Morrison's real name?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was one of the 1st people he looked up to", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he work with anyone", "answer": {"text": "Morrison has typically been supportive of other artists, often willingly sharing the stage with them during his concerts.", "answer_start": 1081, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who did he perform with", "answer": {"text": "On the live album, A Night in San Francisco, he had as his special guests, among others, his childhood idols: Jimmy Witherspoon, John Lee Hooker and Junior Wells.", "answer_start": 1203, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c0159bb937f4c60bd5d4a3afe41b1d8_0_q#0", "question": "What is Sven Hedin's connection to Nazi Germany?", "rewrite": "What is Sven Hedin's connection to Nazi Germany?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A White Russian informed Sven Hedin that \"We have been coming here from Qara-Shahr all day, troop after troop. Two thousand Russians arrived to-day, half White, half Red. There are a thousand Torguts here, and two thousand troops of all arms have gone straight on to Kucha to attack Ma Chung-ying without touching Korla. Most of the two thousand who are in Korla now will continue westward to-morrow. We were five thousand strong when we started from Urumchi.\" When the White Russian started to brag about what their army had done, Sven Hedin concluded that the Russian was lying, giving as one example of these lies the White Russian's exaggerated number of lorries they used. The Mongol soldiers were reported to have ill treated the people of Korla. Hedin met another two White Russian officers serving under the Soviets, Colonel Proshkukarov and General Bekteev, who demanded an explanation as to why Hedin's lorries were in the service of Ma Zhongying's forces. Before Ma Zhongying himself retreated from the front line, he sent an advance guard of 800 troops under General Ma Fu-yuan to defeat the pro-Soviet Uyghur forces of Hoja-Niyaz, who were armed with weapons supplied by the USSR, and to assist Ma Zhancang in the Battle of Kashgar (1934) to destroy the First East Turkestan Republic. Thomson-Glover stated that the Soviets gave Hoya Niyaz \"nearly 2,000 rifles with ammunition, a few hundred bombs, and three machine guns\". Hoja Niyaz's Uighur forces were defeated by the advance guard at Aksu, and he fled to Kashgar with 1,500 troops on January 13, 1934.", "This shift of the terminal lake caused some confusion amongst the early explorers as to the exact location of Lop Nur. Imperial maps from the Qing Dynasty showed Lop Nur to be located in similar position to the present Lop Nur dried basin, but the Russian geographer Nikolay Przhevalsky instead found the terminal lake at Kara-Koshun in 1867. Sven Hedin visited the area in 1900-1901 and suggested that the Tarim river periodically changed its course to and fro between its southbound and northbound direction, resulting in a shift in the position of the terminal lake. The change in the course of the river, which resulted in Lop Nur drying up, was also suggested by Hedin as the reason why ancient settlements such as Loulan had perished. In 1921, due to human intervention, the terminal lake shifted its position back to Lop Nur. The lake measured 2400 km in area in 1930-31. In 1934 Sven Hedin went down the new Kuruk Darya ('Dry River') in a canoe. He found the delta to be a maze of channels and the new lake so shallow that it was difficult to navigate even in a canoe. In 1900 he had walked the dry Kuruk Darya in a caravan. In 1952 the terminal lake then shifted to Taitema Lake when the Tarim River and Konque River were separated through human intervention, and Lop Nur dried out again by 1964. In 1972, the Great West Sea Reservoir (\"Daxihaizi\", \u5927\u897f\u6d77\u5b50) was built at Tikanlik, water supply to the lake was cut off, and all the lakes for the most part then dried out, with only small seasonal lakes forming in local depressions in Taitema.", "For his 75th birthday on 19 February 1940 they awarded him the Order of the German Eagle; shortly before that date it had been presented to Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh. On New Year's Day 1943 they released the Oslo professor of philology and university rector Didrik Arup Seip from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp at Hedin's request in order to obtain Hedin's agreement to accept additional honors during the 470th anniversary of Munich University. On 15 January 1943, he received the Gold Medal of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Goldmedaille der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften). On 16 January 1943 he received an honorary doctorate from the faculty of natural sciences of Munich University. On the same day, the Nazis founded in his absence the Sven Hedin Institute for Inner Asian Research located at Mittersill Castle, which was supposed to serve the long-term advancement of the scientific legacy of Hedin and Wilhelm Filchner as Asian experts. However, it was instead misused by Heinrich Himmler as an institute of the Research Association for German Genealogical Inheritance (Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutsches Ahnenerbe e.V.). On 21 January 1943, he was requested to sign the Golden Book of the city of Munich. Hedin supported the Nazis in his journalistic activities. After the collapse of Nazi Germany, he did not regret his collaboration with the Nazis because this cooperation had made it possible to rescue numerous Nazi victims from execution, or death in extermination camps.", "Courtyard Speech The Courtyard Speech (Swedish: Borgg\u00e5rdstalet) was a speech written by conservative explorer Sven Hedin and Swedish Army lieutenant Carl Bennedich, delivered by King Gustaf V of Sweden to the participants of the Peasant armament support march () at the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Stockholm. The speech sparked a governmental crisis in Sweden in February 1914. The speech was a part in the organized expressions of Swedish conservatives who criticized the liberal Prime Minister Karl Staaff's decision to cut down on military spending. Particularly the decision not to proceed with the construction of a coastal battleship for the Swedish Navy (then known as the \"F-ship\", which later became the \"Sverige\"-class coastal defence ship) that had been decided upon by the previous right wing government headed by Arvid Lindman. In the years leading up to World War I, modernization of navies and introduction of \"Dreadnought\"-style heavy warships stood at the forefront of naval technology at the time, and this issue generally received a lot of public attention. The speech was written by Sven Hedin and lieutenant Carl Bennedich, well before the date of the planned oppositional Peasant armament support march. The speech was reviewed by several members of the political elite before delivered. Hedin showed the speech to the leader of the conservatives in the first chamber, and later conservative Prime Minister, Ernst Trygger, who considered the speech to be brilliant, even though he was not sure what the political consequences would be if the speech was delivered by the King. Both Conservative politician and previous Prime Minister Arvid Lindman and later Independent Liberal Prime Minister Louis De Geer thought that the speech could lead to a constitutional crisis between the King and the members of the Council of State. Prime Minister Karl Staaff was not allowed to see the speech on before it was delivered by the King.", "Sven Hedin Glacier Sven Hedin Glacier is a glacier north of Princess Marie Bay on central Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The glacier has the name of Sven Hedin. The Oxford University Ellesmere Land expedition visited the glacier in the year 1935. The Glacier appeared to be advancing in 1935."], "answer": {"text": "Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them.", "answer_start": 815}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2c0159bb937f4c60bd5d4a3afe41b1d8_0_q#1", "question": "What else did he do?", "rewrite": "Besides meeting Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly what else did Sven Hedin do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hedin's conservative and pro-German views eventually translated into sympathy for the Third Reich, and this would draw him into increasing controversy towards the end of his life. Adolf Hitler had been an early admirer of Hedin, who was in turn impressed with Hitler's nationalism. He saw the German leader's rise to power as a revival of German fortunes, and welcomed its challenge against Soviet Communism. He was not an entirely uncritical supporter of the Nazis, however. His own views were shaped by traditionalist, Christian and conservative values, while National Socialism was in part a modern revolutionary-populist movement. Hedin objected to some aspects of National Socialist rule, and occasionally attempted to convince the German government to relent in its anti-religious and anti-Semitic campaigns. Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them. The politely-worded correspondence usually concerned scheduling matters, birthday congratulations, Hedin's planned or completed publications, and requests by Hedin for pardons for people condemned to death, and for mercy, release and permission to leave the country for people interned in prisons or concentration camps. In correspondence with Joseph Goebbels and Hans Drager, Hedin was able to achieve the printing of the Daily Watchwords year after year. The Nazis attempted to achieve a close connection to Hedin by bestowing awards upon him. They asked him to present an address on Sport as a Teacher at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin's Olympic stadium. They made him an honorary member of the German-Swedish Union Berlin (German: Deutsch-Schwedischen Vereinigung Berlin e.V.) In 1938, they presented him with the City of Berlin's Badge of Honor (German: Ehrenplakette der Stadt Berlin).", "Sven Hedin Glacier Sven Hedin Glacier is a glacier north of Princess Marie Bay on central Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The glacier has the name of Sven Hedin. The Oxford University Ellesmere Land expedition visited the glacier in the year 1935. The Glacier appeared to be advancing in 1935.", "Courtyard Speech The Courtyard Speech (Swedish: Borgg\u00e5rdstalet) was a speech written by conservative explorer Sven Hedin and Swedish Army lieutenant Carl Bennedich, delivered by King Gustaf V of Sweden to the participants of the Peasant armament support march () at the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Stockholm. The speech sparked a governmental crisis in Sweden in February 1914. The speech was a part in the organized expressions of Swedish conservatives who criticized the liberal Prime Minister Karl Staaff's decision to cut down on military spending. Particularly the decision not to proceed with the construction of a coastal battleship for the Swedish Navy (then known as the \"F-ship\", which later became the \"Sverige\"-class coastal defence ship) that had been decided upon by the previous right wing government headed by Arvid Lindman. In the years leading up to World War I, modernization of navies and introduction of \"Dreadnought\"-style heavy warships stood at the forefront of naval technology at the time, and this issue generally received a lot of public attention. The speech was written by Sven Hedin and lieutenant Carl Bennedich, well before the date of the planned oppositional Peasant armament support march. The speech was reviewed by several members of the political elite before delivered. Hedin showed the speech to the leader of the conservatives in the first chamber, and later conservative Prime Minister, Ernst Trygger, who considered the speech to be brilliant, even though he was not sure what the political consequences would be if the speech was delivered by the King. Both Conservative politician and previous Prime Minister Arvid Lindman and later Independent Liberal Prime Minister Louis De Geer thought that the speech could lead to a constitutional crisis between the King and the members of the Council of State. Prime Minister Karl Staaff was not allowed to see the speech on before it was delivered by the King.", "Per Engdahl  Per Claes Sven Edvard Engdahl (25 February 1909 \u2013 4 May 1994) was a leading Swedish far-right politician. He was the leader of \"Sveriges Fascistiska Kamporganisation\", SFKO (Sweden's Fascist Struggle Organisation), during the 1930s. Born in J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, he came from a conservative family with a strong military tradition. He attended Uppsala University, where he studied philosophy. Engdahl began his political career while still a student in Uppsala, advocating a fascist-influenced policy of his own creation which he called \"nysvenskhet\" ('new Swedishness'). An attempt was made in 1932 to incorporate his group into the newly formed \"Nationalsocialistiska folkpartiet\" of Sven Olov Lindholm (a pro-Nazi party) although Engdahl resisted their overtures. As an ideology, \"nysvenskhet\" supported a strong Swedish nationalism, corporatism, anti-Semitism and anti-communism as well as a cult of personality around Engdahl himself. It placed an emphasis on racial nationalism, advocated the Madagascar Plan, and called for the replacement of the existing Swedish parliament with a corporatist body elected on an occupational franchise. The policy overtly rejected Nazism, instead looking more towards Benito Mussolini for inspiration while also seeking to unify all groups against democracy, whether they were fascist or not. However, he is also known to have praised Hitler in comments such as: \"Today [23 April 1944], we can only salute Adolf Hitler as God's chosen savior of Europe \" Nonetheless Engdahl also frequently claimed that he followed neither man, arguing that his ideology was purely Swedish in nature, and as such he claimed his inspirations to be Sven Hedin, Adrian Molin and Rudolf Kjell\u00e9n.", "A White Russian informed Sven Hedin that \"We have been coming here from Qara-Shahr all day, troop after troop. Two thousand Russians arrived to-day, half White, half Red. There are a thousand Torguts here, and two thousand troops of all arms have gone straight on to Kucha to attack Ma Chung-ying without touching Korla. Most of the two thousand who are in Korla now will continue westward to-morrow. We were five thousand strong when we started from Urumchi.\" When the White Russian started to brag about what their army had done, Sven Hedin concluded that the Russian was lying, giving as one example of these lies the White Russian's exaggerated number of lorries they used. The Mongol soldiers were reported to have ill treated the people of Korla. Hedin met another two White Russian officers serving under the Soviets, Colonel Proshkukarov and General Bekteev, who demanded an explanation as to why Hedin's lorries were in the service of Ma Zhongying's forces. Before Ma Zhongying himself retreated from the front line, he sent an advance guard of 800 troops under General Ma Fu-yuan to defeat the pro-Soviet Uyghur forces of Hoja-Niyaz, who were armed with weapons supplied by the USSR, and to assist Ma Zhancang in the Battle of Kashgar (1934) to destroy the First East Turkestan Republic. Thomson-Glover stated that the Soviets gave Hoya Niyaz \"nearly 2,000 rifles with ammunition, a few hundred bombs, and three machine guns\". Hoja Niyaz's Uighur forces were defeated by the advance guard at Aksu, and he fled to Kashgar with 1,500 troops on January 13, 1934."], "answer": {"text": "Hedin supported the Nazis in his journalistic activities.", "answer_start": 1238}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Sven Hedin's connection to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them.", "answer_start": 815, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c0159bb937f4c60bd5d4a3afe41b1d8_0_q#2", "question": "What was the result of this?", "rewrite": "What was the result of Sven Hedin supporting the Nazis in his journalistic activities?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Courtyard Speech The Courtyard Speech (Swedish: Borgg\u00e5rdstalet) was a speech written by conservative explorer Sven Hedin and Swedish Army lieutenant Carl Bennedich, delivered by King Gustaf V of Sweden to the participants of the Peasant armament support march () at the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Stockholm. The speech sparked a governmental crisis in Sweden in February 1914. The speech was a part in the organized expressions of Swedish conservatives who criticized the liberal Prime Minister Karl Staaff's decision to cut down on military spending. Particularly the decision not to proceed with the construction of a coastal battleship for the Swedish Navy (then known as the \"F-ship\", which later became the \"Sverige\"-class coastal defence ship) that had been decided upon by the previous right wing government headed by Arvid Lindman. In the years leading up to World War I, modernization of navies and introduction of \"Dreadnought\"-style heavy warships stood at the forefront of naval technology at the time, and this issue generally received a lot of public attention. The speech was written by Sven Hedin and lieutenant Carl Bennedich, well before the date of the planned oppositional Peasant armament support march. The speech was reviewed by several members of the political elite before delivered. Hedin showed the speech to the leader of the conservatives in the first chamber, and later conservative Prime Minister, Ernst Trygger, who considered the speech to be brilliant, even though he was not sure what the political consequences would be if the speech was delivered by the King. Both Conservative politician and previous Prime Minister Arvid Lindman and later Independent Liberal Prime Minister Louis De Geer thought that the speech could lead to a constitutional crisis between the King and the members of the Council of State. Prime Minister Karl Staaff was not allowed to see the speech on before it was delivered by the King.", "A White Russian informed Sven Hedin that \"We have been coming here from Qara-Shahr all day, troop after troop. Two thousand Russians arrived to-day, half White, half Red. There are a thousand Torguts here, and two thousand troops of all arms have gone straight on to Kucha to attack Ma Chung-ying without touching Korla. Most of the two thousand who are in Korla now will continue westward to-morrow. We were five thousand strong when we started from Urumchi.\" When the White Russian started to brag about what their army had done, Sven Hedin concluded that the Russian was lying, giving as one example of these lies the White Russian's exaggerated number of lorries they used. The Mongol soldiers were reported to have ill treated the people of Korla. Hedin met another two White Russian officers serving under the Soviets, Colonel Proshkukarov and General Bekteev, who demanded an explanation as to why Hedin's lorries were in the service of Ma Zhongying's forces. Before Ma Zhongying himself retreated from the front line, he sent an advance guard of 800 troops under General Ma Fu-yuan to defeat the pro-Soviet Uyghur forces of Hoja-Niyaz, who were armed with weapons supplied by the USSR, and to assist Ma Zhancang in the Battle of Kashgar (1934) to destroy the First East Turkestan Republic. Thomson-Glover stated that the Soviets gave Hoya Niyaz \"nearly 2,000 rifles with ammunition, a few hundred bombs, and three machine guns\". Hoja Niyaz's Uighur forces were defeated by the advance guard at Aksu, and he fled to Kashgar with 1,500 troops on January 13, 1934.", "This shift of the terminal lake caused some confusion amongst the early explorers as to the exact location of Lop Nur. Imperial maps from the Qing Dynasty showed Lop Nur to be located in similar position to the present Lop Nur dried basin, but the Russian geographer Nikolay Przhevalsky instead found the terminal lake at Kara-Koshun in 1867. Sven Hedin visited the area in 1900-1901 and suggested that the Tarim river periodically changed its course to and fro between its southbound and northbound direction, resulting in a shift in the position of the terminal lake. The change in the course of the river, which resulted in Lop Nur drying up, was also suggested by Hedin as the reason why ancient settlements such as Loulan had perished. In 1921, due to human intervention, the terminal lake shifted its position back to Lop Nur. The lake measured 2400 km in area in 1930-31. In 1934 Sven Hedin went down the new Kuruk Darya ('Dry River') in a canoe. He found the delta to be a maze of channels and the new lake so shallow that it was difficult to navigate even in a canoe. In 1900 he had walked the dry Kuruk Darya in a caravan. In 1952 the terminal lake then shifted to Taitema Lake when the Tarim River and Konque River were separated through human intervention, and Lop Nur dried out again by 1964. In 1972, the Great West Sea Reservoir (\"Daxihaizi\", \u5927\u897f\u6d77\u5b50) was built at Tikanlik, water supply to the lake was cut off, and all the lakes for the most part then dried out, with only small seasonal lakes forming in local depressions in Taitema.", "Sven Hedin Glacier Sven Hedin Glacier is a glacier north of Princess Marie Bay on central Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The glacier has the name of Sven Hedin. The Oxford University Ellesmere Land expedition visited the glacier in the year 1935. The Glacier appeared to be advancing in 1935.", "For his 75th birthday on 19 February 1940 they awarded him the Order of the German Eagle; shortly before that date it had been presented to Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh. On New Year's Day 1943 they released the Oslo professor of philology and university rector Didrik Arup Seip from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp at Hedin's request in order to obtain Hedin's agreement to accept additional honors during the 470th anniversary of Munich University. On 15 January 1943, he received the Gold Medal of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Goldmedaille der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften). On 16 January 1943 he received an honorary doctorate from the faculty of natural sciences of Munich University. On the same day, the Nazis founded in his absence the Sven Hedin Institute for Inner Asian Research located at Mittersill Castle, which was supposed to serve the long-term advancement of the scientific legacy of Hedin and Wilhelm Filchner as Asian experts. However, it was instead misused by Heinrich Himmler as an institute of the Research Association for German Genealogical Inheritance (Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutsches Ahnenerbe e.V.). On 21 January 1943, he was requested to sign the Golden Book of the city of Munich. Hedin supported the Nazis in his journalistic activities. After the collapse of Nazi Germany, he did not regret his collaboration with the Nazis because this cooperation had made it possible to rescue numerous Nazi victims from execution, or death in extermination camps."], "answer": {"text": "he did not regret his collaboration with the Nazis because this cooperation had made it possible to rescue numerous Nazi victims from execution, or death in extermination camps.", "answer_start": 1332}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Sven Hedin's connection to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them.", "answer_start": 815, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Hedin supported the Nazis in his journalistic activities.", "answer_start": 1238, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2c0159bb937f4c60bd5d4a3afe41b1d8_0_q#3", "question": "Was there any controversy?", "rewrite": "Was there any controversy to Sven Hedin supporting the Nazis in his journalistic activities?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A White Russian informed Sven Hedin that \"We have been coming here from Qara-Shahr all day, troop after troop. Two thousand Russians arrived to-day, half White, half Red. There are a thousand Torguts here, and two thousand troops of all arms have gone straight on to Kucha to attack Ma Chung-ying without touching Korla. Most of the two thousand who are in Korla now will continue westward to-morrow. We were five thousand strong when we started from Urumchi.\" When the White Russian started to brag about what their army had done, Sven Hedin concluded that the Russian was lying, giving as one example of these lies the White Russian's exaggerated number of lorries they used. The Mongol soldiers were reported to have ill treated the people of Korla. Hedin met another two White Russian officers serving under the Soviets, Colonel Proshkukarov and General Bekteev, who demanded an explanation as to why Hedin's lorries were in the service of Ma Zhongying's forces. Before Ma Zhongying himself retreated from the front line, he sent an advance guard of 800 troops under General Ma Fu-yuan to defeat the pro-Soviet Uyghur forces of Hoja-Niyaz, who were armed with weapons supplied by the USSR, and to assist Ma Zhancang in the Battle of Kashgar (1934) to destroy the First East Turkestan Republic. Thomson-Glover stated that the Soviets gave Hoya Niyaz \"nearly 2,000 rifles with ammunition, a few hundred bombs, and three machine guns\". Hoja Niyaz's Uighur forces were defeated by the advance guard at Aksu, and he fled to Kashgar with 1,500 troops on January 13, 1934.", "For his 75th birthday on 19 February 1940 they awarded him the Order of the German Eagle; shortly before that date it had been presented to Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh. On New Year's Day 1943 they released the Oslo professor of philology and university rector Didrik Arup Seip from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp at Hedin's request in order to obtain Hedin's agreement to accept additional honors during the 470th anniversary of Munich University. On 15 January 1943, he received the Gold Medal of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (Goldmedaille der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften). On 16 January 1943 he received an honorary doctorate from the faculty of natural sciences of Munich University. On the same day, the Nazis founded in his absence the Sven Hedin Institute for Inner Asian Research located at Mittersill Castle, which was supposed to serve the long-term advancement of the scientific legacy of Hedin and Wilhelm Filchner as Asian experts. However, it was instead misused by Heinrich Himmler as an institute of the Research Association for German Genealogical Inheritance (Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutsches Ahnenerbe e.V.). On 21 January 1943, he was requested to sign the Golden Book of the city of Munich. Hedin supported the Nazis in his journalistic activities. After the collapse of Nazi Germany, he did not regret his collaboration with the Nazis because this cooperation had made it possible to rescue numerous Nazi victims from execution, or death in extermination camps.", "This shift of the terminal lake caused some confusion amongst the early explorers as to the exact location of Lop Nur. Imperial maps from the Qing Dynasty showed Lop Nur to be located in similar position to the present Lop Nur dried basin, but the Russian geographer Nikolay Przhevalsky instead found the terminal lake at Kara-Koshun in 1867. Sven Hedin visited the area in 1900-1901 and suggested that the Tarim river periodically changed its course to and fro between its southbound and northbound direction, resulting in a shift in the position of the terminal lake. The change in the course of the river, which resulted in Lop Nur drying up, was also suggested by Hedin as the reason why ancient settlements such as Loulan had perished. In 1921, due to human intervention, the terminal lake shifted its position back to Lop Nur. The lake measured 2400 km in area in 1930-31. In 1934 Sven Hedin went down the new Kuruk Darya ('Dry River') in a canoe. He found the delta to be a maze of channels and the new lake so shallow that it was difficult to navigate even in a canoe. In 1900 he had walked the dry Kuruk Darya in a caravan. In 1952 the terminal lake then shifted to Taitema Lake when the Tarim River and Konque River were separated through human intervention, and Lop Nur dried out again by 1964. In 1972, the Great West Sea Reservoir (\"Daxihaizi\", \u5927\u897f\u6d77\u5b50) was built at Tikanlik, water supply to the lake was cut off, and all the lakes for the most part then dried out, with only small seasonal lakes forming in local depressions in Taitema.", "Sven Hedin Glacier Sven Hedin Glacier is a glacier north of Princess Marie Bay on central Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. The glacier has the name of Sven Hedin. The Oxford University Ellesmere Land expedition visited the glacier in the year 1935. The Glacier appeared to be advancing in 1935.", "Courtyard Speech The Courtyard Speech (Swedish: Borgg\u00e5rdstalet) was a speech written by conservative explorer Sven Hedin and Swedish Army lieutenant Carl Bennedich, delivered by King Gustaf V of Sweden to the participants of the Peasant armament support march () at the courtyard of the Royal Palace in Stockholm. The speech sparked a governmental crisis in Sweden in February 1914. The speech was a part in the organized expressions of Swedish conservatives who criticized the liberal Prime Minister Karl Staaff's decision to cut down on military spending. Particularly the decision not to proceed with the construction of a coastal battleship for the Swedish Navy (then known as the \"F-ship\", which later became the \"Sverige\"-class coastal defence ship) that had been decided upon by the previous right wing government headed by Arvid Lindman. In the years leading up to World War I, modernization of navies and introduction of \"Dreadnought\"-style heavy warships stood at the forefront of naval technology at the time, and this issue generally received a lot of public attention. The speech was written by Sven Hedin and lieutenant Carl Bennedich, well before the date of the planned oppositional Peasant armament support march. The speech was reviewed by several members of the political elite before delivered. Hedin showed the speech to the leader of the conservatives in the first chamber, and later conservative Prime Minister, Ernst Trygger, who considered the speech to be brilliant, even though he was not sure what the political consequences would be if the speech was delivered by the King. Both Conservative politician and previous Prime Minister Arvid Lindman and later Independent Liberal Prime Minister Louis De Geer thought that the speech could lead to a constitutional crisis between the King and the members of the Council of State. Prime Minister Karl Staaff was not allowed to see the speech on before it was delivered by the King."], "answer": {"text": "Hedin objected to some aspects of National Socialist rule, and occasionally attempted to convince the German government to relent in its anti-religious and anti-Semitic campaigns.", "answer_start": 635}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Sven Hedin's connection to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them.", "answer_start": 815, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Hedin supported the Nazis in his journalistic activities.", "answer_start": 1238, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the result of this?", "answer": {"text": "he did not regret his collaboration with the Nazis because this cooperation had made it possible to rescue numerous Nazi victims from execution, or death in extermination camps.", "answer_start": 1332, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f3b2d221c8440faa398bc5426f244c2_1_q#0", "question": "When did the famous swap happen?", "rewrite": "When did the famous swap happen?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The asset swap market is over-the-counter (OTC), i.e., not traded on any exchange. An asset swap is the swap of a fixed investment, like a bond that will yield guaranteed coupon payments, for a floating investment, i.e. an index. It has a similar structure to a plain vanilla swap, but the underlying of the swap contract is different. There are several variations on the asset swap structure with the most widely traded being the par asset swap. Other types include the market asset swap and the cross-currency asset swap. The most common and standard one is par asset swap. A par asset swap is really two separate trades: This transaction is shown in Figure 1. The fixed spread to Libor paid by the asset swap seller is known as the asset swap spread and is set at a break-even value so the net value of the sale of the bond plus the swap transaction is zero at inception. For the purpose of the following, we assume we have constructed a market curve of Libor discount factors where z(t) is the price today of $1 to be paid at time t. From the perspective of the asset swap seller, they sell the bond for par plus accrued interest (\"dirty price\"). The net up-front payment has a value 100-P where P is the full price of the bond in the market. Both parties to the swap are assumed to be AA bank credit quality and so these cash flows are priced off the Libor curve. We cancel out the principal payments of par at maturity. For simplicity we assume that all payments are annual and are made on the same dates. As is standard for swaps, the break-even asset swap spread A is computed by setting the present value of all cash flows equal to zero. 1. From the perspective of the asset swap seller the present value is:  2.", "Daggatun  Daggatun was a nomad tribe of Jewish origin living in the neighborhood of Tementit, in the oasis of Tuat in the Moroccan Sahara. An account of the Daggatun (whose name may perhaps be derived from the Arabic \"tughatun\" = infidels) was first given by Rabbi Mordechai Abi Serur of Akka (Morocco), who in 1857 journeyed through the Sahara to Timbuktu, and whose account of his travels was published in the \"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de G\u00e9ographie\". According to R. Mordecai, the Daggatun live in tents and resemble the Berber Tuaregs, among whom they live, in language, religion, and general customs. They are fairer in complexion than the generality of African Jews, and are still conscious of their origin. They are subject to the Tuaregs, who do not intermarry with them. R. Mordecai is the authority for the statement that their settlement in the Sahara dates from the end of the seventh century, when 'Abd al-Malik ascended the throne and pushed his conquests as far as Morocco. At Tementit he tried to convert the inhabitants to Islam; and as the Jews offered great resistance he exiled them to the desert of Ajaj, as he did also the Tuaregs, who had only partially accepted Islam. Cut off from any connection with their brethren, these Jews in the Sahara gradually lost their Jewish practises and became nominally Muslims. These statements of R. Mordecai evidently rest upon some foundation. The Arabs driven to Ajaj are to be identified with the Mechagra mentioned by Erwin de Bary (\" Ghat et les Tuareg de l'Ain,\" p. 181), among whom a few Jews are said still to dwell.", "Quatrocent\u00e3o  Quatrocent\u00e3o (feminine \"quatrocentona\", plural \"quatrocent\u00f5es\") is a term used to designate members of elite families descendant from the early settlers and explorers of S\u00e3o Paulo. This term was first used in the early 20th century, in the past they were referred to as \"primeiros povoadores\" (first settlers) or \"nobreza da terra\" (nobility of the land). These families had occupied important positions as governors, military commanders, aldermen and explorers of early colonial South America. They received large land grants from the Portuguese Crown and originated mostly in Portugal and Spain, but some in Flanders and other places in Europe. A portion of the original settlers were noblemen of the Royal House of Portugal. Under the rule of the Habsburgs and the Iberian Union, they were joined by Spanish families, some also of noble origin. The earliest of these settlers married descendants of the Amerindian Chief of Piratininga, Martim Afonso Tibiri\u00e7\u00e1, and after intermarried frequently among the families in the Genealogia Paulistana, forming an endogamous group. They were first listed in a genealogical study in the 1700s by Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme and last listed in the classical genealogical work Genealogia Paulistana, published in 1905. The quatrocent\u00f5es and their ancestors were greatly responsible for the expansion of the Portuguese Empire in South America, at the expense of the Spanish Empire. Also the Brazilian Gold Rush, which had strong repercussion in Europe and in the Americas, the founding of many towns in Minas Gerais such as Ouro Preto, and also the first phase of the Industrialization of S\u00e3o Paulo during the Empire of Brazil.", "Constant maturity swap A constant maturity swap, also known as a CMS, is a swap that allows the purchaser to fix the duration of received flows on a swap. The floating leg of an interest rate swap typically resets against a published index. The floating leg of a constant maturity swap fixes against a point on the swap curve on a periodic basis. A constant maturity swap is an interest rate swap where the interest rate on one leg is reset periodically, but with reference to a market swap rate rather than LIBOR. The other leg of the swap is generally LIBOR, but may be a fixed rate or potentially another constant maturity rate. Constant maturity swaps can either be single currency or cross currency swaps. Therefore, the prime factor for a constant maturity swap is the shape of the forward implied yield curves. A single currency constant maturity swap versus LIBOR is similar to a series of differential interest rate fixes (or \"DIRF\") in the same way that an interest rate swap is similar to a series of forward rate agreements. Valuation of constant maturity swaps depend on volatilities of different forward rates and therefore requires a stochastic yield curve model or some approximated methodology like a convexity adjustment, see for example Brigo and Mercurio (2006). A customer believes that the six-month LIBOR rate will fall relative to the three-year swap rate for a given currency. To take advantage of this curve steepening, he buys a constant maturity swap paying the six-month LIBOR rate and receiving the three-year swap rate.", "An account of the Daggatun was first given by Rabbi Mordechai Abi Serour of Akka (Morocco), who in 1857 journeyed through the Sahara to Timbuctu, and whose account of his travels was published in the \"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de G\u00e9ographie\". According to Rabbi Sarur, the Daggatun lived in tents and resembled the Berber Kel Tamesheq (Tuareg), among whom they live, in language, religion, and general customs. They are subject to the Tuaregs, who do not intermarry with them. Rabbi Sarur also states that their settlement in the Sahara dates from the end of the 7th century (Muslim chronology) when 'Abd al-Malik ascended the throne and conquered as far as Morocco. At Tamentit he tried to convert the inhabitants to Islam; and as the Jews offered great resistance he exiled them to the desert of Ajaj, as he did also the Tuaregs, who had only partially accepted Islam. Cut off from any connection with their brethren, these Jews in the Sahara gradually lost their Jewish practises and became nominally Muslims. Other accounts place a group of \"Arabs\" driven to Ajaj as being identified with the Mechagra mentioned by Erwin von Bary, among whom a few Jews are said still to dwell there. Victor J. Horowitz also speaks of many free tribes in the desert regions who are Jews by origin, but who have gradually thrown off Jewish customs and have apparently accepted Islam. Among these tribes, he says, are the Daggatun, numbering several thousands and scattered over several oases in the Sahara, even as far as the River Dialiva (Djoliba?) or Niger. He says, also, that they are very warlike and in constant conflict with the Tuareg."], "answer": {"text": "1975", "answer_start": 186}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8f3b2d221c8440faa398bc5426f244c2_1_q#1", "question": "Why did it became so famous?", "rewrite": "Why did the famous swap became so famous?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sunrise then decided to swap WPTZ/WNNE, along with Smith Broadcasting-owned KSBW in Salinas, California to what was then known as Hearst-Argyle Television in return for WNAC-TV in Providence, Rhode Island and WDTN in Dayton, Ohio; both of those stations were forced to be divested by Hearst-Argyle due to significant signal overlap with WCVB-TV in Boston and WLWT in Cincinnati (the FCC did not allow common ownership of two stations with overlapping coverage areas until 2000). The swap became official on July 2, 1998. WFFF began operating as an independently-owned and controlled station around the same time Hearst took over WPTZ/WNNE when the LMA with WPTZ was terminated. On June 23, 1999, WPTZ petitioned the FCC to change its community of license (COL) from North Pole to Plattsburgh. The station cited the area's declining population as the reason for the change. The 2000 United States Census did not even count North Pole as a separate community, instead folding it into Lake Placid. The community-of-license change was approved by the FCC on January 5, 2011. For some time before then, the station had dropped North Pole from its legal station identifications. On July 9, 2012, WPTZ's parent company Hearst Television was involved in a dispute with Time Warner Cable, leading to WPTZ being pulled from Time Warner Cable and temporarily replaced with Nexstar Broadcasting Group station WBRE-TV of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania; Time Warner opted for such a distant signal like WBRE, as they do not have the rights to carry any NBC affiliate closest to them. The substitution of WBRE in place of WPTZ lasted until July 19, 2012, when the deal was reached between Hearst and Time Warner.", "Forever Broadcasting had been known for more than a decade by this time as the \"Froggy\" people, owning the country-formatted stations with that same name, with stations in Somerset (which has since changed hands), Altoona, and State College. Forever's Altoona-based Froggy property at 98.1, came in spotty at best in Johnstown despite its 30,000 watt signal, largely due to the rugged mountainous terrain separating Johnstown and Altoona. As part of a strategic move, Forever decided to swap frequencies between WKYE and WMTZ, and to make 95.5 into a country station, largely because of its clear penetration into the Pittsburgh market from the east, through its much stronger signal. Forever had acquired stations in the north, south and west suburbs of Pittsburgh (almost all of which were rechristened under the Froggy brand), but none in the east suburbs of the city. In February 2005, the swap became official, as WKYE assumed the dial position of 96.5 and the new \"96 Key\" branding, while WMTZ moved to 95.5 with the \"Froggy 95\" branding, and adopting the new WFGI-FM call sign. WKYE celebrated its 25th anniversary on October 3, 2008. In 2019, the words in the branding were swapped to \u201cKey 96.5\u201d", "The asset swap market is over-the-counter (OTC), i.e., not traded on any exchange. An asset swap is the swap of a fixed investment, like a bond that will yield guaranteed coupon payments, for a floating investment, i.e. an index. It has a similar structure to a plain vanilla swap, but the underlying of the swap contract is different. There are several variations on the asset swap structure with the most widely traded being the par asset swap. Other types include the market asset swap and the cross-currency asset swap. The most common and standard one is par asset swap. A par asset swap is really two separate trades: This transaction is shown in Figure 1. The fixed spread to Libor paid by the asset swap seller is known as the asset swap spread and is set at a break-even value so the net value of the sale of the bond plus the swap transaction is zero at inception. For the purpose of the following, we assume we have constructed a market curve of Libor discount factors where z(t) is the price today of $1 to be paid at time t. From the perspective of the asset swap seller, they sell the bond for par plus accrued interest (\"dirty price\"). The net up-front payment has a value 100-P where P is the full price of the bond in the market. Both parties to the swap are assumed to be AA bank credit quality and so these cash flows are priced off the Libor curve. We cancel out the principal payments of par at maturity. For simplicity we assume that all payments are annual and are made on the same dates. As is standard for swaps, the break-even asset swap spread A is computed by setting the present value of all cash flows equal to zero. 1. From the perspective of the asset swap seller the present value is:  2.", "As a result of frequency reallocations resulting from the Federal Communications Commission's 1952 \"Sixth Report and Order\", WNBK was moved to channel 3, swapping frequencies with fellow NBC affiliate WLWC (now WCMH-TV) in Columbus in order to alleviate same-channel interference with another NBC station, WWJ-TV (now WDIV-TV) across Lake Erie in Detroit. After construction was completed on the station's new transmitter in Parma, the channel switch took place on April 25, 1954. In May 1955, NBC agreed to trade WNBK and WTAM-AM-FM to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in return for KYW radio and WPTZ television in Philadelphia. Although Cleveland was a top-10 television and radio market at the time, NBC had long wanted to \"trade up\" its holdings to a larger market. Also, Philadelphia was the largest market in which it did not own a station. The swap became official on January 22, 1956, as NBC moved its operations (including much of its Cleveland staff) to Philadelphia, with WPTZ becoming WRCV-TV. Westinghouse took over the WNBK/WTAM operation and changed its call letters to KYW-AM-FM-TV on February 13, 1956. Westinghouse received a cross-station waiver from the FCC to own channel 3 since it has overlapping signals with Group W flagship KDKA-TV in Pittsburgh. Despite its success in Cleveland, Westinghouse was not happy with how the 1956 trade with NBC played out. Almost as soon as the ink dried on the trade, the FCC and the U.S. Department of Justice launched an investigation, claiming NBC extorted and coerced them into agreeing to the deal.", "Quatrocent\u00e3o  Quatrocent\u00e3o (feminine \"quatrocentona\", plural \"quatrocent\u00f5es\") is a term used to designate members of elite families descendant from the early settlers and explorers of S\u00e3o Paulo. This term was first used in the early 20th century, in the past they were referred to as \"primeiros povoadores\" (first settlers) or \"nobreza da terra\" (nobility of the land). These families had occupied important positions as governors, military commanders, aldermen and explorers of early colonial South America. They received large land grants from the Portuguese Crown and originated mostly in Portugal and Spain, but some in Flanders and other places in Europe. A portion of the original settlers were noblemen of the Royal House of Portugal. Under the rule of the Habsburgs and the Iberian Union, they were joined by Spanish families, some also of noble origin. The earliest of these settlers married descendants of the Amerindian Chief of Piratininga, Martim Afonso Tibiri\u00e7\u00e1, and after intermarried frequently among the families in the Genealogia Paulistana, forming an endogamous group. They were first listed in a genealogical study in the 1700s by Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme and last listed in the classical genealogical work Genealogia Paulistana, published in 1905. The quatrocent\u00f5es and their ancestors were greatly responsible for the expansion of the Portuguese Empire in South America, at the expense of the Spanish Empire. Also the Brazilian Gold Rush, which had strong repercussion in Europe and in the Americas, the founding of many towns in Minas Gerais such as Ouro Preto, and also the first phase of the Industrialization of S\u00e3o Paulo during the Empire of Brazil."], "answer": {"text": "swapped the future Brownlow medallist Graham Teasdale, state representative ruckman Brian \"The Whale\" Roberts, and talented half-back-flanker Francis Jackson for South Melbourne's John Pitura,", "answer_start": 231}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the famous swap happen?", "answer": {"text": "1975", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f3b2d221c8440faa398bc5426f244c2_1_q#2", "question": "What was the aftermath of this swaps?", "rewrite": "What was the aftermath of the famous swap?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Quatrocent\u00e3o  Quatrocent\u00e3o (feminine \"quatrocentona\", plural \"quatrocent\u00f5es\") is a term used to designate members of elite families descendant from the early settlers and explorers of S\u00e3o Paulo. This term was first used in the early 20th century, in the past they were referred to as \"primeiros povoadores\" (first settlers) or \"nobreza da terra\" (nobility of the land). These families had occupied important positions as governors, military commanders, aldermen and explorers of early colonial South America. They received large land grants from the Portuguese Crown and originated mostly in Portugal and Spain, but some in Flanders and other places in Europe. A portion of the original settlers were noblemen of the Royal House of Portugal. Under the rule of the Habsburgs and the Iberian Union, they were joined by Spanish families, some also of noble origin. The earliest of these settlers married descendants of the Amerindian Chief of Piratininga, Martim Afonso Tibiri\u00e7\u00e1, and after intermarried frequently among the families in the Genealogia Paulistana, forming an endogamous group. They were first listed in a genealogical study in the 1700s by Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme and last listed in the classical genealogical work Genealogia Paulistana, published in 1905. The quatrocent\u00f5es and their ancestors were greatly responsible for the expansion of the Portuguese Empire in South America, at the expense of the Spanish Empire. Also the Brazilian Gold Rush, which had strong repercussion in Europe and in the Americas, the founding of many towns in Minas Gerais such as Ouro Preto, and also the first phase of the Industrialization of S\u00e3o Paulo during the Empire of Brazil.", "Total outstanding currency swaps increased 417%, from $3,194 billion at year-end 2000 to over $16.5 trillion by year-end 2009. A swap bank is a generic term to describe a financial institution that facilitates swaps between counterparties. A swap bank can be an international commercial bank, an investment bank, a merchant bank, or an independent operator. A swap bank serves as either a swap broker or swap dealer. As a broker, the swap bank matches counterparties but does not assume any risk of the swap. The swap broker receives a commission for this service. Today, most swap banks serve as dealers or market makers. As a market maker, a swap bank is willing to accept either side of a currency swap, and then later on-sell it, or match it with a counterparty. In this capacity, the swap bank assumes a position in the swap and therefore assumes some risks. The dealer capacity is obviously more risky, and the swap bank would receive a portion of the cash flows passed through it to compensate it for bearing this risk. The two primary reasons for a counterparty to use a currency swap are to obtain debt financing in the swapped currency at an interest cost reduction brought about through comparative advantages each counterparty has in its national capital market, and/or the benefit of hedging long-run exchange rate exposure. These reasons seem straightforward and difficult to argue with, especially to the extent that name recognition is truly important in raising funds in the international bond market. The two primary reasons for swapping interest rates are to better match maturities of assets and liabilities and/or to obtain a cost savings via the quality spread differential (QSD). In an efficient market without barriers to capital flows, the cost-savings argument through a QSD is difficult to accept.", "Constant maturity swap A constant maturity swap, also known as a CMS, is a swap that allows the purchaser to fix the duration of received flows on a swap. The floating leg of an interest rate swap typically resets against a published index. The floating leg of a constant maturity swap fixes against a point on the swap curve on a periodic basis. A constant maturity swap is an interest rate swap where the interest rate on one leg is reset periodically, but with reference to a market swap rate rather than LIBOR. The other leg of the swap is generally LIBOR, but may be a fixed rate or potentially another constant maturity rate. Constant maturity swaps can either be single currency or cross currency swaps. Therefore, the prime factor for a constant maturity swap is the shape of the forward implied yield curves. A single currency constant maturity swap versus LIBOR is similar to a series of differential interest rate fixes (or \"DIRF\") in the same way that an interest rate swap is similar to a series of forward rate agreements. Valuation of constant maturity swaps depend on volatilities of different forward rates and therefore requires a stochastic yield curve model or some approximated methodology like a convexity adjustment, see for example Brigo and Mercurio (2006). A customer believes that the six-month LIBOR rate will fall relative to the three-year swap rate for a given currency. To take advantage of this curve steepening, he buys a constant maturity swap paying the six-month LIBOR rate and receiving the three-year swap rate.", "SWAP-200 The Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP-200) is a psychological test for personality diagnosis and clinical case formulation, developed by psychologists Jonathan Shedler and Drew Westen. SWAP-200 is completed by a mental health professional (such as a psychologist or psychiatrist) based on his or her observations and knowledge of a client or patient. Because SWAP-200 is completed by clinicians and not patients, diagnostic findings do not depend on the accuracy of information people disclose about themselves, nor can test results be faked. The SWAP instruments are based on over 18 years of empirical research and have been described in more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. SWAP-200 has been translated into fourteen languages. Other SWAP instruments include the revised SWAP-II and the SWAP-II-A for adolescents. SWAP-200 is used by clinical practitioners to identify core psychological issues in psychotherapy, for personality disorder diagnosis, by forensic examiners, and by agencies of the United States federal government for assessment of personnel for sensitive positions such as those requiring high-level security clearances. SWAP-200 comprises 200 personality-descriptive items or statements, each of which may describe a given person well, somewhat, or not at all. The clinician-assessor sorts or ranks the statements into eight categories, from most descriptive of the person (scored 7) to not descriptive or irrelevant (scored 0). SWAP-200 items are written in jargon-free language (\"Tends to express anger in passive and indirect ways; may make mistakes, procrastinate, forget, become sulky, etc.\") and provide a \"standard vocabulary\" for clinical case description that is relevant to clinicians of all theoretical orientations. The SWAP instrument is based on the Q-sort method, a psychometric method designed to maximize reliability and minimize error variance.", "The asset swap market is over-the-counter (OTC), i.e., not traded on any exchange. An asset swap is the swap of a fixed investment, like a bond that will yield guaranteed coupon payments, for a floating investment, i.e. an index. It has a similar structure to a plain vanilla swap, but the underlying of the swap contract is different. There are several variations on the asset swap structure with the most widely traded being the par asset swap. Other types include the market asset swap and the cross-currency asset swap. The most common and standard one is par asset swap. A par asset swap is really two separate trades: This transaction is shown in Figure 1. The fixed spread to Libor paid by the asset swap seller is known as the asset swap spread and is set at a break-even value so the net value of the sale of the bond plus the swap transaction is zero at inception. For the purpose of the following, we assume we have constructed a market curve of Libor discount factors where z(t) is the price today of $1 to be paid at time t. From the perspective of the asset swap seller, they sell the bond for par plus accrued interest (\"dirty price\"). The net up-front payment has a value 100-P where P is the full price of the bond in the market. Both parties to the swap are assumed to be AA bank credit quality and so these cash flows are priced off the Libor curve. We cancel out the principal payments of par at maturity. For simplicity we assume that all payments are annual and are made on the same dates. As is standard for swaps, the break-even asset swap spread A is computed by setting the present value of all cash flows equal to zero. 1. From the perspective of the asset swap seller the present value is:  2."], "answer": {"text": "The football community was stunned by the trade; its likes had never been seen and the debate was on as to who had the best end of the deal.", "answer_start": 526}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the famous swap happen?", "answer": {"text": "1975", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it became so famous?", "answer": {"text": "swapped the future Brownlow medallist Graham Teasdale, state representative ruckman Brian \"The Whale\" Roberts, and talented half-back-flanker Francis Jackson for South Melbourne's John Pitura,", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f3b2d221c8440faa398bc5426f244c2_1_q#3", "question": "What team got the best end of the deal?", "rewrite": "What team got the best end of the deal in the famous swap?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The food-truck hopefuls converged on the docks of Santa Barbara to get acquainted with their trucks and get their first assignment: make three dishes with $200 seed money and start selling in Santa Barbara. Each truck got a metal briefcase that they weren't allowed to open until the time was right (the end of this season). Chatty Chicken didn't buy enough oil for their deep fryer so they had to pan fry everything which took longer. Everyone had to move spots because of a speed bump, which thrilled Beach Cruiser \u2012 who teamed up with Let There Be Bacon \u2012 since everyone would be moving to Beach Cruiser's home turf. Chatty Chicken had to go back to their truck twice while doing a re-stock grocery run. Let There Be Bacon closed early because their water wasn't running. Truck Stop: In a blind challenge where none of the teams were informed, two local food-truck operators, Sabin and Jim (from Cousins Maine Lobster), went to each truck and asked for their best dish. They picked their top three favorites; the first place team got an extra $500 in their till, the second place team got an extra $200, and the third place team got $100. Winner: Madres Mexican Meals, 1st Runner Up: Beach Cruiser, 2nd Runner Up: Gourmet Graduates Speed Bump: Late into the first day, every truck had to move from Santa Barbara, California to Venice Beach, California. Theme This Week: Branding the Truck  Hot Doggin' It in Tucson (Week 2) The trucks pulled into a veritable wild west set known as Old Tucson and got $300 seed money but had to spend $100 on marketing. Tyler gave each team a flag with their truck logo on it as a brand awareness and marketing starting point.", "Dan Foldberg John Daniel Foldberg, a 1946 graduate of Sunset High School in Dallas, Texas, was an American military officer and football player. He played as an end for the Army Cadets at the United States Military Academy. Army head coach Earl Blaik rated him the best end he had ever coached. He was selected in the 1951 NFL Draft, but pursued a 27-year military career. Foldberg served as an infantry officer in the Korean and Vietnam Wars. Foldberg was born in Texas on April 22, 1928. He attended Sunset High School in Dallas, Texas, where he played basketball as part of the 1944 state championship team. His older brother, Hank, played football at Texas A&M before transferring to West Point where he was named a consensus All-American in 1946, and graduated from West Point in 1947. Like his brother, Dan Foldberg also attended the United States Military Academy in West Point, New York. He played football there as an end, and during the 1948 season, Foldberg was described as a consistently impressive player on what was a dominating Army team. The Cadets' only close game that year was a 14\u201313 victory over Penn. One source described the Army team as \"the nearest thing to a paragon of perfection in the East.\" That same year, Foldberg was named a United Press second-team All-American. For his senior year in 1950, Foldberg returned as the Cadet's only starting offensive lineman and was named the team captain. That year, he was named a first-team All-American by unanimous consensus. During the 1950 season, legendary Army head coach Earl Blaik called Foldberg the best end he had ever coach. Foldberg finished eighth in the vote for the Heisman Trophy, which is awarded annually to college football's most outstanding player.", "Quatrocent\u00e3o  Quatrocent\u00e3o (feminine \"quatrocentona\", plural \"quatrocent\u00f5es\") is a term used to designate members of elite families descendant from the early settlers and explorers of S\u00e3o Paulo. This term was first used in the early 20th century, in the past they were referred to as \"primeiros povoadores\" (first settlers) or \"nobreza da terra\" (nobility of the land). These families had occupied important positions as governors, military commanders, aldermen and explorers of early colonial South America. They received large land grants from the Portuguese Crown and originated mostly in Portugal and Spain, but some in Flanders and other places in Europe. A portion of the original settlers were noblemen of the Royal House of Portugal. Under the rule of the Habsburgs and the Iberian Union, they were joined by Spanish families, some also of noble origin. The earliest of these settlers married descendants of the Amerindian Chief of Piratininga, Martim Afonso Tibiri\u00e7\u00e1, and after intermarried frequently among the families in the Genealogia Paulistana, forming an endogamous group. They were first listed in a genealogical study in the 1700s by Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme and last listed in the classical genealogical work Genealogia Paulistana, published in 1905. The quatrocent\u00f5es and their ancestors were greatly responsible for the expansion of the Portuguese Empire in South America, at the expense of the Spanish Empire. Also the Brazilian Gold Rush, which had strong repercussion in Europe and in the Americas, the founding of many towns in Minas Gerais such as Ouro Preto, and also the first phase of the Industrialization of S\u00e3o Paulo during the Empire of Brazil.", "I-League 2nd Division The I-League 2nd Division is the 2nd highest division overall in the Indian football league system after the I-League. It is also known as Hero 2nd Division League for sponsorship reasons. The I-League 2nd Division was introduced for the 2008 season, having been previously known as the National Football League 2nd Division. The State FA's nominates the teams who have finished in the top 5 of their respective state leagues, which are later approved by the AIFF to participate in the consequent 2nd division league. The I-League 2nd Division was introduced during the 2008 season. The first game was played on 25 March 2008 between Mohammedan and Amity. The 2008 season saw Mohammedan, Mumbai, Vasco, and Chirag United get promoted to the I-League. The next season in 2009 saw Pune, Shillong Lajong, Viva Kerala, and Salgaocar promoted to the I-League. Since 2010, only 2 teams were promoted to I-League. ONGC and HAL promoted in 2010. In 2011 Shillong Lajong and Sporting Clube de Goa were promoted with Lajong being promoted for the 2nd time. In 2012, ONGC and United Sikkim were promoted for 2012\u201313 season. The 2013 season saw Rangdajied United F.C and Mohammedan qualifying for I-League 2013\u201314. In 2014, only one team got promoted from the 2nd division and similarly only one team got relegated from 2013\u201314 season. The official logo for the second tier football club competition of India \u2013 the 2nd Division League \u2013 has been officially introduced by the All India Football Federation on 17 March 2015. That year only one team got promoted from the 2nd division (Aizawl F.C.) and similarly only one team got relegated from I-League(Dempo).", "MasterChef Thailand (season 1) MasterChef Thailand (season 1) is a Thai competitive reality TV series. MasterChef premiered on Channel 7 on June 4, 2017. Paweenuch Yodpreechawijit was the first winner of this inaugural season. The both team have to cook the lunch which they have to cook meat dish and dessert 1 dish each to 101 elementary student which ages about 6\u20139 years old. And this competition, will have the nutritionists to check the food quality. Each team have 90 minutes to cook and 60 minutes to serve which your own. After this competition, Red team got scores of 64 scores but blue team got scores only 37 scores. This make red team wins. Unfortunately, this competition have 2 contestants eliminated. Each have must cook in fine dining that have meat dish and dessert 1 dish each to 25 guest judges. Which main ingredients for meat dish is pork loin. Each team have 60 minutes to cook and serve meat dish and another 60 minutes to cook and serve dessert. The blue team got scores of 14 scores while red team got only 11 scores. This make blue team win. Each team must serve United Kingdom's ambassador and 63 VIP guests. The theme of the dish was \"Enhanced Thai Street Food\". The dish must have at least 1 kind of Thai entr\u00e9e, and 1 kind of Thai dessert. The team that reaches 32 votes from United Kingdom's ambassador and VIPs will win. The blue team, led by Lisa, won the challenge."], "answer": {"text": "Barrot was the younger man and it was felt that St Kilda had pulled a great con trick on the Tigers.", "answer_start": 931}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the famous swap happen?", "answer": {"text": "1975", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it became so famous?", "answer": {"text": "swapped the future Brownlow medallist Graham Teasdale, state representative ruckman Brian \"The Whale\" Roberts, and talented half-back-flanker Francis Jackson for South Melbourne's John Pitura,", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the aftermath of this swaps?", "answer": {"text": "The football community was stunned by the trade; its likes had never been seen and the debate was on as to who had the best end of the deal.", "answer_start": 526, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8f3b2d221c8440faa398bc5426f244c2_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article aside from the famous swap?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Article XXXVII additionally states among other things that the Bishop of Rome has no jurisdiction in the realm of England. In 1628 Charles I prefixed a royal declaration to the articles, which demands a literal interpretation of them, threatening discipline for academics or churchmen teaching any personal interpretations or encouraging debate about them. It states: \"no man hereafter shall either print or preach, to draw the Article aside any way, but shall submit to it in the plain and Full meaning thereof: and shall not put his own sense or comment to be the meaning of the Article, but shall take it in the literal and grammatical sense.\" However, what the Articles truly mean has been a matter of debate in the Church since before they were issued. The evangelical wing of the Church has taken the Articles at face value. In 2003, evangelical Anglican clergyman Chris Pierce wrote:  This view has never been held by the whole church. In 1643, Archbishop of Armagh John Bramhall laid out the core argument against the Articles: This divergence of opinion became overt during the Oxford Movement of the 19th century. The stipulations of Articles XXV and XXVIII were regularly invoked by evangelicals to oppose the reintroduction of certain beliefs, customs, and acts of piety with respect to the sacraments. In response, John Henry Newman's Tract 90 attempted to show that the 39 Articles could be read according to an Anglo-Catholic interpretation. Adherence to the Articles was made a legal requirement by the English Parliament in 1571. They are printed in the Book of Common Prayer and other Anglican prayer books. The Test Act of 1672 made adherence to the Articles a requirement for holding civil office in England until its repeal in 1828. Students at Oxford University were still expected to sign up to them until the passing of the Oxford University Act 1854.", "formula_22 is the strike of the each option in the collection of options used. Often the cutoff formula_23is chosen to be the current forward price formula_24, in which case the fair variance swap strike can be written in the simpler form: formula_25 Many traders find variance swaps interesting or useful for their purity. An alternative way of speculating on volatility is with an option, but if one only has interest in volatility risk, this strategy will require constant delta hedging, so that direction risk of the underlying security is approximately removed. What is more, a replicating portfolio of a variance swap would require an entire strip of options, which would be very costly to execute. Finally, one might often find the need to be regularly rolling this entire strip of options so that it remains centered on the current price of the underlying  security. The advantage of variance swaps is that they provide pure exposure to the volatility of the underlying price, as opposed to call and put options which may carry directional risk (delta). The profit and loss from a variance swap depends directly on the difference between realized and implied volatility. Another aspect that some speculators may find interesting is that the quoted strike is determined by the implied volatility smile in the options market, whereas the ultimate payout will be based upon actual realized variance. Historically, implied variance has been above realized variance, a phenomenon known as the Variance risk premium, creating an opportunity for volatility arbitrage, in this case known as the rolling short variance trade. For the same reason, these swaps can be used to hedge Options on Realized Variance. Closely related strategies include straddle, volatility swap, correlation swap, gamma swap, conditional variance swap, corridor variance swap, forward-start variance swap, option on realized variance and correlation trading.", "Quatrocent\u00e3o  Quatrocent\u00e3o (feminine \"quatrocentona\", plural \"quatrocent\u00f5es\") is a term used to designate members of elite families descendant from the early settlers and explorers of S\u00e3o Paulo. This term was first used in the early 20th century, in the past they were referred to as \"primeiros povoadores\" (first settlers) or \"nobreza da terra\" (nobility of the land). These families had occupied important positions as governors, military commanders, aldermen and explorers of early colonial South America. They received large land grants from the Portuguese Crown and originated mostly in Portugal and Spain, but some in Flanders and other places in Europe. A portion of the original settlers were noblemen of the Royal House of Portugal. Under the rule of the Habsburgs and the Iberian Union, they were joined by Spanish families, some also of noble origin. The earliest of these settlers married descendants of the Amerindian Chief of Piratininga, Martim Afonso Tibiri\u00e7\u00e1, and after intermarried frequently among the families in the Genealogia Paulistana, forming an endogamous group. They were first listed in a genealogical study in the 1700s by Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme and last listed in the classical genealogical work Genealogia Paulistana, published in 1905. The quatrocent\u00f5es and their ancestors were greatly responsible for the expansion of the Portuguese Empire in South America, at the expense of the Spanish Empire. Also the Brazilian Gold Rush, which had strong repercussion in Europe and in the Americas, the founding of many towns in Minas Gerais such as Ouro Preto, and also the first phase of the Industrialization of S\u00e3o Paulo during the Empire of Brazil.", "The asset swap market is over-the-counter (OTC), i.e., not traded on any exchange. An asset swap is the swap of a fixed investment, like a bond that will yield guaranteed coupon payments, for a floating investment, i.e. an index. It has a similar structure to a plain vanilla swap, but the underlying of the swap contract is different. There are several variations on the asset swap structure with the most widely traded being the par asset swap. Other types include the market asset swap and the cross-currency asset swap. The most common and standard one is par asset swap. A par asset swap is really two separate trades: This transaction is shown in Figure 1. The fixed spread to Libor paid by the asset swap seller is known as the asset swap spread and is set at a break-even value so the net value of the sale of the bond plus the swap transaction is zero at inception. For the purpose of the following, we assume we have constructed a market curve of Libor discount factors where z(t) is the price today of $1 to be paid at time t. From the perspective of the asset swap seller, they sell the bond for par plus accrued interest (\"dirty price\"). The net up-front payment has a value 100-P where P is the full price of the bond in the market. Both parties to the swap are assumed to be AA bank credit quality and so these cash flows are priced off the Libor curve. We cancel out the principal payments of par at maturity. For simplicity we assume that all payments are annual and are made on the same dates. As is standard for swaps, the break-even asset swap spread A is computed by setting the present value of all cash flows equal to zero. 1. From the perspective of the asset swap seller the present value is:  2.", "Out of this combination, and with the Cole brothers' focus on original songwriting came 'Quill', which was then signed as a group to Amphion Management. The band spent 1967, 1968 and 1969 regularly playing rock venues in Boston, Providence, and New York, as well as many other smaller markets around the Northeast. Though Quill rarely played outside of their region, the show made it as far west as Aspen, Colorado. Though most often headlining in smaller clubs, where Quill gained a very loyal following, the group also played in a number of much larger venues, opening for such international acts as The Jeff Beck Group, The Who, The Kinks, Deep Purple, Buddy Guy, Blue Cheer, Sly and the Family Stone, Grateful Dead, and Janis Joplin. It even opened for comedian Steve Martin in one of the interesting pairings in Quill lore. In addition. Quill was featured on several local TV shows in Boston and the Midwest, and was highlighted by the music press on numerous occasions for its originality and creativity. An early summer '69 appearance at Steve Paul's Scene in New York City resulted in Quill being invited to play at the Woodstock Festival. That night at the club also featured the first introduction of Johnny Winter to the NYC record industry crowd. The night ended finding Jimi Hendrix and Stephen Stills joining Johnny and members of Quill for a late jam. Aside from the basic roles of each member of the band, one of the interesting aspects of the band was its ability to mount a variety of instrumental and vocal configurations to play specific songs. Considered by many to be among the best technical and most creative rock drummers of that era, Roger North anchored the band on the drums and percussion. The other members of the band would often switch instruments to create different sounds and effects."], "answer": {"text": "Richmond used the Barrot situation as a pretext to recruit Stewart, who had told St Kilda he would probably go to Perth", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the famous swap happen?", "answer": {"text": "1975", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it became so famous?", "answer": {"text": "swapped the future Brownlow medallist Graham Teasdale, state representative ruckman Brian \"The Whale\" Roberts, and talented half-back-flanker Francis Jackson for South Melbourne's John Pitura,", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the aftermath of this swaps?", "answer": {"text": "The football community was stunned by the trade; its likes had never been seen and the debate was on as to who had the best end of the deal.", "answer_start": 526, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What team got the best end of the deal?", "answer": {"text": "Barrot was the younger man and it was felt that St Kilda had pulled a great con trick on the Tigers.", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8651ff57168a40609c81539285279fd1_1_q#0", "question": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "rewrite": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Several eyewitnesses said he appeared completely intoxicated on the day of Lincoln's death (April 14), implying that he could not have remembered with clarity what happened that day. Surratt's chief attorney, Reverdy Johnson, asserted repeatedly that Lloyd was an unreliable witness, and that the evidence against Mary Surratt was entirely circumstantial. The only evidence linking Surratt to the conspiracy to kill Lincoln, he said, came from Lloyd and Weichmann, and neither man was telling the truth (he said). Lloyd's testimony was coerced, he claimed. The government's case was hindered by its failure to call as a witness the man who shared Lloyd's carriage when he talked with Mrs. Surratt (an individual who could have verified Lloyd's version of the \"shooting irons\" story). The nine-member military tribunal hearing the case sentenced Mary Surratt, George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Lewis Powell to death on July 5, 1865. As their crimes had occurred in an area under military jurisdiction, the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act denied them any appeal. The four were hanged at the Washington Arsenal on July 7, 1865. In October 1865, Lloyd moved back to the District of Columbia from Surrattsville. For the rest of his life, Lloyd worked as a bricklayer and construction contractor in Washington, D.C. He was severely injured in early December 1892 when, while helping to construct a building, the scaffold he was standing on collapsed. He died on December 18. A Roman Catholic, Lloyd was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. Mary Surratt's grave is about away from Lloyd's. The 21-year-old John married 20-year-old Mary Elizabeth Mahorney", "Surratt House Museum The Surratt House (also known as the Mary Surratt House and the Surratt House Museum) is a historic house and house museum located at 9110 Brandywine Road in Clinton (formerly Surrattsville), Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The house is named for John and Mary Surratt, who built it in 1852. Mary Surratt was hanged in 1865 for being a co-conspirator in the Abraham Lincoln assassination. It was acquired by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) in 1965, restored, and opened to the public as a museum in 1976. The original structure was built as a middle-class plantation house in 1852. Mary Jenkins met John Harrison Surratt in 1839, when she was 16 or 19 years of age (the date of her birth is not clear) and he was 26. An orphan, John Surratt was adopted by Richard and Sarah Neale of Washington, D.C., a wealthy couple who owned a farm. Jenkins and Surratt wed in August 1840. The Surratts lived at a mill in Oxon Hill, Maryland, and later at John's childhood home on a farm in the District of Columbia, In 1851, the farmhouse burned to the ground (an escaped family slave was suspected of setting the blaze). Within a year, John Surratt purchased of farmland near what is now Clinton, and by 1853 he constructed a tavern and an inn there. Mary initially refused to move herself and the children into the new residence (possibly because of her husband's drinking). She took up residence at the farm again, but John sold both the Neale farm and Foxhall in May 1853 to pay debts and she was forced to move back in with him in December.", "The area round the tavern was officially named Surrattsville in 1853. Within a short period of time, a post office was installed inside the tavern. John Surratt was the hamlet's first postmaster. In 1854, John built a hotel as an addition to his tavern, and called it Surratt's Hotel. Over the next few years, Surratt acquired or built a carriage house, corn crib, general store, forge, granary, gristmill, stable, tobacco curing house, and wheelwright's shop. John Surratt collapsed suddenly and died on either August 25 or August 26 in 1862 (sources differ as to the date). The cause of death was a stroke. Mary Surratt struggled with running the farm, tavern, and other businesses without the help of her son, John Surratt, Jr.. In the fall of 1864, she began considering moving to her townhouse at 541 H Street in Washington, D.C. which her husband obtained on December 6, 1853 On October 1, 1864, Mary Surratt took possession of the D.C. townhouse. As part of a plot to kidnap President Abraham Lincoln in March 1865, John Surratt, Jr.; his friend, George Atzerodt; and co-conspirator David Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to her Maryland tavern. She said she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. But according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "Weichmann went to Washington, D.C., where he taught school for two years at St. Matthew's Institute for Boys. After leaving this position in 1864, he became a clerk in the Department of War, headed by Secretary Edwin Stanton. Surratt had in the meantime become a courier and agent for the Confederacy, working out of Union territory. As a result of his earlier friendship with Surratt, Weichmann took lodgings in the boarding house of Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, in Washington, D.C. This brought him into contact with the major conspirators involved in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. According to Weichmann's testimony at the trial of the conspirators, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, Lewis Payne, George Atzerodt, John Surratt, and others continually met at Mary Surratt's boarding house prior to the assassination. Weichmann testified that on the day President Lincoln was shot, April 14, 1865, he accompanied Mary Surratt to her other property in Surrattsville, (now Clinton, Maryland), where she delivered items that Booth later retrieved hours after the assassination. He further testified that Mary Surratt met with Booth no fewer than three times on that fateful day. Samuel Mudd, the doctor who treated Booth's broken leg on the night Lincoln was killed, and claimed to have no knowledge of the conspiracy, was linked by Weichmann's testimony to the events for which he was tried and found guilty as well. Augustus Howell, a blockade runner who worked with John Surratt, claimed during the trial that Weichmann provided the Confederates with classified information obtained by his position at the War Department.", "(In 1866, in \"Ex parte Milligan\", the United States Supreme Court banned the use of military tribunals in places where civil courts were operational.) Only a simple majority of the jury was required for a guilty verdict, and a two-thirds for a death sentence. There was no route for appeal other than to President Johnson. The seven-week trial included the testimony of 366 witnesses. All of the defendants were found guilty on June 30. Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt were sentenced to death by hanging; Samuel Mudd, Samuel Arnold, and Michael O'Laughlen were sentenced to life in prison. Edmund Spangler was sentenced to six years. After sentencing Mary Surratt to hang, five jurors signed a letter recommending clemency, but Johnson refused to stop the execution; he later claimed he never saw the letter. Mary Surratt, Powell, Herold, and Atzerodt were hanged in the Old Arsenal Penitentiary on July 7. Mary Surratt was the first woman executed by the United States government. O'Laughlen died in prison in 1867. Mudd, Arnold, and Spangler were pardoned in February 1869 by Johnson. Spangler, who died in 1875, always insisted his sole connection to the plot was that Booth asked him to hold his horse. John Surratt stood trial in Washington in 1867. Four residents of Elmira, New York, claimed they had seen him there between April 13 and 15; fifteen others said they either saw him, or someone who resembled him, in Washington (or traveling to or from Washington) on the day of the assassination. The jury could not reach a verdict and John Surratt was released."], "answer": {"text": "She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her", "answer_start": 1296}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8651ff57168a40609c81539285279fd1_1_q#1", "question": "what debt was she collecting", "rewrite": "what debt was Mary Surratt collecting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Weichmann went to Washington, D.C., where he taught school for two years at St. Matthew's Institute for Boys. After leaving this position in 1864, he became a clerk in the Department of War, headed by Secretary Edwin Stanton. Surratt had in the meantime become a courier and agent for the Confederacy, working out of Union territory. As a result of his earlier friendship with Surratt, Weichmann took lodgings in the boarding house of Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, in Washington, D.C. This brought him into contact with the major conspirators involved in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. According to Weichmann's testimony at the trial of the conspirators, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, Lewis Payne, George Atzerodt, John Surratt, and others continually met at Mary Surratt's boarding house prior to the assassination. Weichmann testified that on the day President Lincoln was shot, April 14, 1865, he accompanied Mary Surratt to her other property in Surrattsville, (now Clinton, Maryland), where she delivered items that Booth later retrieved hours after the assassination. He further testified that Mary Surratt met with Booth no fewer than three times on that fateful day. Samuel Mudd, the doctor who treated Booth's broken leg on the night Lincoln was killed, and claimed to have no knowledge of the conspiracy, was linked by Weichmann's testimony to the events for which he was tried and found guilty as well. Augustus Howell, a blockade runner who worked with John Surratt, claimed during the trial that Weichmann provided the Confederates with classified information obtained by his position at the War Department.", "(In 1866, in \"Ex parte Milligan\", the United States Supreme Court banned the use of military tribunals in places where civil courts were operational.) Only a simple majority of the jury was required for a guilty verdict, and a two-thirds for a death sentence. There was no route for appeal other than to President Johnson. The seven-week trial included the testimony of 366 witnesses. All of the defendants were found guilty on June 30. Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt were sentenced to death by hanging; Samuel Mudd, Samuel Arnold, and Michael O'Laughlen were sentenced to life in prison. Edmund Spangler was sentenced to six years. After sentencing Mary Surratt to hang, five jurors signed a letter recommending clemency, but Johnson refused to stop the execution; he later claimed he never saw the letter. Mary Surratt, Powell, Herold, and Atzerodt were hanged in the Old Arsenal Penitentiary on July 7. Mary Surratt was the first woman executed by the United States government. O'Laughlen died in prison in 1867. Mudd, Arnold, and Spangler were pardoned in February 1869 by Johnson. Spangler, who died in 1875, always insisted his sole connection to the plot was that Booth asked him to hold his horse. John Surratt stood trial in Washington in 1867. Four residents of Elmira, New York, claimed they had seen him there between April 13 and 15; fifteen others said they either saw him, or someone who resembled him, in Washington (or traveling to or from Washington) on the day of the assassination. The jury could not reach a verdict and John Surratt was released.", "The area round the tavern was officially named Surrattsville in 1853. Within a short period of time, a post office was installed inside the tavern. John Surratt was the hamlet's first postmaster. In 1854, John built a hotel as an addition to his tavern, and called it Surratt's Hotel. Over the next few years, Surratt acquired or built a carriage house, corn crib, general store, forge, granary, gristmill, stable, tobacco curing house, and wheelwright's shop. John Surratt collapsed suddenly and died on either August 25 or August 26 in 1862 (sources differ as to the date). The cause of death was a stroke. Mary Surratt struggled with running the farm, tavern, and other businesses without the help of her son, John Surratt, Jr.. In the fall of 1864, she began considering moving to her townhouse at 541 H Street in Washington, D.C. which her husband obtained on December 6, 1853 On October 1, 1864, Mary Surratt took possession of the D.C. townhouse. As part of a plot to kidnap President Abraham Lincoln in March 1865, John Surratt, Jr.; his friend, George Atzerodt; and co-conspirator David Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to her Maryland tavern. She said she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. But according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "Surratt House Museum The Surratt House (also known as the Mary Surratt House and the Surratt House Museum) is a historic house and house museum located at 9110 Brandywine Road in Clinton (formerly Surrattsville), Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The house is named for John and Mary Surratt, who built it in 1852. Mary Surratt was hanged in 1865 for being a co-conspirator in the Abraham Lincoln assassination. It was acquired by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) in 1965, restored, and opened to the public as a museum in 1976. The original structure was built as a middle-class plantation house in 1852. Mary Jenkins met John Harrison Surratt in 1839, when she was 16 or 19 years of age (the date of her birth is not clear) and he was 26. An orphan, John Surratt was adopted by Richard and Sarah Neale of Washington, D.C., a wealthy couple who owned a farm. Jenkins and Surratt wed in August 1840. The Surratts lived at a mill in Oxon Hill, Maryland, and later at John's childhood home on a farm in the District of Columbia, In 1851, the farmhouse burned to the ground (an escaped family slave was suspected of setting the blaze). Within a year, John Surratt purchased of farmland near what is now Clinton, and by 1853 he constructed a tavern and an inn there. Mary initially refused to move herself and the children into the new residence (possibly because of her husband's drinking). She took up residence at the farm again, but John sold both the Neale farm and Foxhall in May 1853 to pay debts and she was forced to move back in with him in December.", "Several eyewitnesses said he appeared completely intoxicated on the day of Lincoln's death (April 14), implying that he could not have remembered with clarity what happened that day. Surratt's chief attorney, Reverdy Johnson, asserted repeatedly that Lloyd was an unreliable witness, and that the evidence against Mary Surratt was entirely circumstantial. The only evidence linking Surratt to the conspiracy to kill Lincoln, he said, came from Lloyd and Weichmann, and neither man was telling the truth (he said). Lloyd's testimony was coerced, he claimed. The government's case was hindered by its failure to call as a witness the man who shared Lloyd's carriage when he talked with Mrs. Surratt (an individual who could have verified Lloyd's version of the \"shooting irons\" story). The nine-member military tribunal hearing the case sentenced Mary Surratt, George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Lewis Powell to death on July 5, 1865. As their crimes had occurred in an area under military jurisdiction, the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act denied them any appeal. The four were hanged at the Washington Arsenal on July 7, 1865. In October 1865, Lloyd moved back to the District of Columbia from Surrattsville. For the rest of his life, Lloyd worked as a bricklayer and construction contractor in Washington, D.C. He was severely injured in early December 1892 when, while helping to construct a building, the scaffold he was standing on collapsed. He died on December 18. A Roman Catholic, Lloyd was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. Mary Surratt's grave is about away from Lloyd's. The 21-year-old John married 20-year-old Mary Elizabeth Mahorney"], "answer": {"text": "owed her by a former neighbor.", "answer_start": 1346}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "answer": {"text": "She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her", "answer_start": 1296, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8651ff57168a40609c81539285279fd1_1_q#2", "question": "why was this a conspiracy", "rewrite": "why was the trip to collect a debt a conspiracy for Mary Surratt?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["(In 1866, in \"Ex parte Milligan\", the United States Supreme Court banned the use of military tribunals in places where civil courts were operational.) Only a simple majority of the jury was required for a guilty verdict, and a two-thirds for a death sentence. There was no route for appeal other than to President Johnson. The seven-week trial included the testimony of 366 witnesses. All of the defendants were found guilty on June 30. Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt were sentenced to death by hanging; Samuel Mudd, Samuel Arnold, and Michael O'Laughlen were sentenced to life in prison. Edmund Spangler was sentenced to six years. After sentencing Mary Surratt to hang, five jurors signed a letter recommending clemency, but Johnson refused to stop the execution; he later claimed he never saw the letter. Mary Surratt, Powell, Herold, and Atzerodt were hanged in the Old Arsenal Penitentiary on July 7. Mary Surratt was the first woman executed by the United States government. O'Laughlen died in prison in 1867. Mudd, Arnold, and Spangler were pardoned in February 1869 by Johnson. Spangler, who died in 1875, always insisted his sole connection to the plot was that Booth asked him to hold his horse. John Surratt stood trial in Washington in 1867. Four residents of Elmira, New York, claimed they had seen him there between April 13 and 15; fifteen others said they either saw him, or someone who resembled him, in Washington (or traveling to or from Washington) on the day of the assassination. The jury could not reach a verdict and John Surratt was released.", "Louis J. Weichmann moved into Surratt's boarding house on November 1, 1864. On December 23, 1864, Dr. Samuel Mudd introduced John Surratt, Jr. to John Wilkes Booth. Booth recruited John Jr. into his conspiracy to kidnap Lincoln. Confederate agents began frequenting the boarding house. Booth visited the boarding house many times over the next few months, sometimes at Mary's request. George Atzerodt and Lewis Powell boarded at the townhouse for short periods. Atzerodt, a friend of both John Jr. and Booth and a co-conspirator in the plot  to kidnap Lincoln, visited the boarding house several times in the first two months of 1865. He stayed at the Surratt boarding house in February 1865 (for one night or several, sources differ), but he proved to be a heavy drinker, and Surratt evicted him after just a few days. He continued to visit the townhouse frequently afterward, however. Powell posed as a Baptist preacher and stayed at the boarding house for three days in March 1865. David Herold also called at the home several times. As part of the plot to kidnap Lincoln in March 1865, John, Atzerodt, and Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to the Surratt tavern. She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. However, according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up. On April 14, Surratt said that she would once again visit the family tavern in Surrattsville to collect a debt.", "The area round the tavern was officially named Surrattsville in 1853. Within a short period of time, a post office was installed inside the tavern. John Surratt was the hamlet's first postmaster. In 1854, John built a hotel as an addition to his tavern, and called it Surratt's Hotel. Over the next few years, Surratt acquired or built a carriage house, corn crib, general store, forge, granary, gristmill, stable, tobacco curing house, and wheelwright's shop. John Surratt collapsed suddenly and died on either August 25 or August 26 in 1862 (sources differ as to the date). The cause of death was a stroke. Mary Surratt struggled with running the farm, tavern, and other businesses without the help of her son, John Surratt, Jr.. In the fall of 1864, she began considering moving to her townhouse at 541 H Street in Washington, D.C. which her husband obtained on December 6, 1853 On October 1, 1864, Mary Surratt took possession of the D.C. townhouse. As part of a plot to kidnap President Abraham Lincoln in March 1865, John Surratt, Jr.; his friend, George Atzerodt; and co-conspirator David Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to her Maryland tavern. She said she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. But according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "Weichmann went to Washington, D.C., where he taught school for two years at St. Matthew's Institute for Boys. After leaving this position in 1864, he became a clerk in the Department of War, headed by Secretary Edwin Stanton. Surratt had in the meantime become a courier and agent for the Confederacy, working out of Union territory. As a result of his earlier friendship with Surratt, Weichmann took lodgings in the boarding house of Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, in Washington, D.C. This brought him into contact with the major conspirators involved in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. According to Weichmann's testimony at the trial of the conspirators, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, Lewis Payne, George Atzerodt, John Surratt, and others continually met at Mary Surratt's boarding house prior to the assassination. Weichmann testified that on the day President Lincoln was shot, April 14, 1865, he accompanied Mary Surratt to her other property in Surrattsville, (now Clinton, Maryland), where she delivered items that Booth later retrieved hours after the assassination. He further testified that Mary Surratt met with Booth no fewer than three times on that fateful day. Samuel Mudd, the doctor who treated Booth's broken leg on the night Lincoln was killed, and claimed to have no knowledge of the conspiracy, was linked by Weichmann's testimony to the events for which he was tried and found guilty as well. Augustus Howell, a blockade runner who worked with John Surratt, claimed during the trial that Weichmann provided the Confederates with classified information obtained by his position at the War Department.", "Surratt House Museum The Surratt House (also known as the Mary Surratt House and the Surratt House Museum) is a historic house and house museum located at 9110 Brandywine Road in Clinton (formerly Surrattsville), Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The house is named for John and Mary Surratt, who built it in 1852. Mary Surratt was hanged in 1865 for being a co-conspirator in the Abraham Lincoln assassination. It was acquired by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) in 1965, restored, and opened to the public as a museum in 1976. The original structure was built as a middle-class plantation house in 1852. Mary Jenkins met John Harrison Surratt in 1839, when she was 16 or 19 years of age (the date of her birth is not clear) and he was 26. An orphan, John Surratt was adopted by Richard and Sarah Neale of Washington, D.C., a wealthy couple who owned a farm. Jenkins and Surratt wed in August 1840. The Surratts lived at a mill in Oxon Hill, Maryland, and later at John's childhood home on a farm in the District of Columbia, In 1851, the farmhouse burned to the ground (an escaped family slave was suspected of setting the blaze). Within a year, John Surratt purchased of farmland near what is now Clinton, and by 1853 he constructed a tavern and an inn there. Mary initially refused to move herself and the children into the new residence (possibly because of her husband's drinking). She took up residence at the farm again, but John sold both the Neale farm and Foxhall in May 1853 to pay debts and she was forced to move back in with him in December."], "answer": {"text": "according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "answer_start": 1386}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "answer": {"text": "She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her", "answer_start": 1296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what debt was she collecting", "answer": {"text": "owed her by a former neighbor.", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8651ff57168a40609c81539285279fd1_1_q#3", "question": "who wanted the shooting irons", "rewrite": "who wanted to get the shooting irons ready to be picked up in the Mary Surratt conspiracy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The area round the tavern was officially named Surrattsville in 1853. Within a short period of time, a post office was installed inside the tavern. John Surratt was the hamlet's first postmaster. In 1854, John built a hotel as an addition to his tavern, and called it Surratt's Hotel. Over the next few years, Surratt acquired or built a carriage house, corn crib, general store, forge, granary, gristmill, stable, tobacco curing house, and wheelwright's shop. John Surratt collapsed suddenly and died on either August 25 or August 26 in 1862 (sources differ as to the date). The cause of death was a stroke. Mary Surratt struggled with running the farm, tavern, and other businesses without the help of her son, John Surratt, Jr.. In the fall of 1864, she began considering moving to her townhouse at 541 H Street in Washington, D.C. which her husband obtained on December 6, 1853 On October 1, 1864, Mary Surratt took possession of the D.C. townhouse. As part of a plot to kidnap President Abraham Lincoln in March 1865, John Surratt, Jr.; his friend, George Atzerodt; and co-conspirator David Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to her Maryland tavern. She said she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. But according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "Lincoln was fatally shot at Ford's Theatre on the evening of April 14, 1865. As part of the plot to kidnap Lincoln in March 1865, John Surratt, Atzerodt, and conspirator David Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to the Surrattsville tavern to collect (she later said) a debt owed her by a former neighbor. But according to Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up. Worried that the inn might be searched by federal troops, Lloyd was concerned about the weapons left in his possession. Later that day, he asked George Atzerodt what to do with them, and was told to bury them. On April 14, Surratt once again visited the family tavern in Surrattsville on April 14 (the day of the assassination) to collect a debt. Shortly before she left the city, Booth visited the Surratt boarding house and spoke privately with Mrs. Surratt. He gave her a package (later found to contain binoculars) to give to Lloyd. Surratt delivered the package, and (according to Lloyd) again told Lloyd to have the \"shooting irons\" ready for pick-up and handed him a wrapped package from Booth. (Booth and Herold picked up the rifles and binoculars that evening as they fled Washington after Lincoln's assassination.) Lloyd repaired a broken spring on Mrs. Surratt's wagon before she left. Federal investigators immediately identified Booth and his co-conspirators, and believed they had headed south into Maryland and then Virginia in an attempt to escape.", "Louis J. Weichmann moved into Surratt's boarding house on November 1, 1864. On December 23, 1864, Dr. Samuel Mudd introduced John Surratt, Jr. to John Wilkes Booth. Booth recruited John Jr. into his conspiracy to kidnap Lincoln. Confederate agents began frequenting the boarding house. Booth visited the boarding house many times over the next few months, sometimes at Mary's request. George Atzerodt and Lewis Powell boarded at the townhouse for short periods. Atzerodt, a friend of both John Jr. and Booth and a co-conspirator in the plot  to kidnap Lincoln, visited the boarding house several times in the first two months of 1865. He stayed at the Surratt boarding house in February 1865 (for one night or several, sources differ), but he proved to be a heavy drinker, and Surratt evicted him after just a few days. He continued to visit the townhouse frequently afterward, however. Powell posed as a Baptist preacher and stayed at the boarding house for three days in March 1865. David Herold also called at the home several times. As part of the plot to kidnap Lincoln in March 1865, John, Atzerodt, and Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to the Surratt tavern. She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. However, according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up. On April 14, Surratt said that she would once again visit the family tavern in Surrattsville to collect a debt.", "Lloyd was transferred to the Old Capitol Prison in Washington D.C., on April 23. He was questioned further there. Although John Lloyd was imprisoned for some weeks, he was never charged with any crimes and was eventually released. The reason was his testimony: The law at the time did not permit prosecutors to try a witness for conspiracy if he testified against his co-conspirators. Secretary of War Stanton and military prosecutors understood that Lloyd would go free, but they would win the conviction of Surratt and the others in the process. The prosecution presented nine witnesses against Mrs. Surratt, but most of their case rested on the testimony of just two men\u2014John Lloyd and Surratt boarding house tenant Louis Weichmann. Lloyd testified on May 13 and 15, 1865, regarding the hiding of the carbines and other supplies at the tavern in March, and the two conversations he had with Mrs. Surratt in which she told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready. The defense called Captain Cottingham, and unintentionally damaged its case. Cottingham testified that Lloyd feared that the conspirators would kill him. When asked who Cottingham believed the conspirators to be, he mentioned Lloyd's outburst about \"Mrs. Surratt, that vile woman\" and said he had concluded that Lloyd meant Mrs. Surratt was one of the conspirators. Lloyd's testimony had been the most important for the prosecution's case, for it indicated Mary Surratt played an active role in the conspiracy in the days just before Lincoln's death. The defense strategy was to impeach Lloyd's testimony. Several witnesses impugned Lloyd's character by testifying about his alcoholism.", "Several eyewitnesses said he appeared completely intoxicated on the day of Lincoln's death (April 14), implying that he could not have remembered with clarity what happened that day. Surratt's chief attorney, Reverdy Johnson, asserted repeatedly that Lloyd was an unreliable witness, and that the evidence against Mary Surratt was entirely circumstantial. The only evidence linking Surratt to the conspiracy to kill Lincoln, he said, came from Lloyd and Weichmann, and neither man was telling the truth (he said). Lloyd's testimony was coerced, he claimed. The government's case was hindered by its failure to call as a witness the man who shared Lloyd's carriage when he talked with Mrs. Surratt (an individual who could have verified Lloyd's version of the \"shooting irons\" story). The nine-member military tribunal hearing the case sentenced Mary Surratt, George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Lewis Powell to death on July 5, 1865. As their crimes had occurred in an area under military jurisdiction, the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act denied them any appeal. The four were hanged at the Washington Arsenal on July 7, 1865. In October 1865, Lloyd moved back to the District of Columbia from Surrattsville. For the rest of his life, Lloyd worked as a bricklayer and construction contractor in Washington, D.C. He was severely injured in early December 1892 when, while helping to construct a building, the scaffold he was standing on collapsed. He died on December 18. A Roman Catholic, Lloyd was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. Mary Surratt's grave is about away from Lloyd's. The 21-year-old John married 20-year-old Mary Elizabeth Mahorney"], "answer": {"text": "according to Lloyd, again told Lloyd to have the \"shooting irons\" ready for pickup and handed him a wrapped package from Booth.", "answer_start": 216}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "answer": {"text": "She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her", "answer_start": 1296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what debt was she collecting", "answer": {"text": "owed her by a former neighbor.", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was this a conspiracy", "answer": {"text": "according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "answer_start": 1386, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8651ff57168a40609c81539285279fd1_1_q#4", "question": "was she accused of helping john wilkes booth", "rewrite": "was Mary Surratt accused of helping john wilkes booth?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["John Surratt John Harrison Surrat Jr. (April 13, 1844 \u2013 April 21, 1916) was accused of plotting with John Wilkes Booth to kidnap U.S. President Abraham Lincoln; he was also suspected of involvement in the Abraham Lincoln assassination. His mother, Mary Surratt, was convicted of conspiracy and hanged by the U.S. government; she owned the boarding house that the conspirators used as a safe house and to plot the scheme. He avoided arrest immediately after the assassination by fleeing to Canada and then to Europe. He thus avoided the fate of the other conspirators, who were hanged. He served briefly as a Pontifical Zouave but was recognized and arrested. He escaped to Egypt but was eventually arrested and extradited. By the time of his trial, the statute of limitations had expired on most of the potential charges which meant that he was never convicted of anything. He was born in 1844, to John Harrison Surratt Sr. and Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, in what is today Congress Heights. His baptism took place in 1844 at St. Peter's Church, Washington, D.C. In 1861, he was enrolled at St. Charles College, where he was studying for the priesthood and also met Louis Weichmann. When his father suddenly died in 1862, Surratt was appointed the postmaster for Surrattsville, Maryland. His distant cousin on his mother's side is Elizabeth Lail. Surratt served as a Confederate Secret Service courier and spy. After he had been carrying dispatches about Union troop movements across the Potomac River. Dr. Samuel Mudd introduced Surratt to Booth on December 23, 1864, and Surratt agreed to help Booth kidnap Lincoln. The meeting took place at the National Hotel, in Washington, D.C., where Booth lived.", "Weichmann went to Washington, D.C., where he taught school for two years at St. Matthew's Institute for Boys. After leaving this position in 1864, he became a clerk in the Department of War, headed by Secretary Edwin Stanton. Surratt had in the meantime become a courier and agent for the Confederacy, working out of Union territory. As a result of his earlier friendship with Surratt, Weichmann took lodgings in the boarding house of Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, in Washington, D.C. This brought him into contact with the major conspirators involved in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. According to Weichmann's testimony at the trial of the conspirators, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, Lewis Payne, George Atzerodt, John Surratt, and others continually met at Mary Surratt's boarding house prior to the assassination. Weichmann testified that on the day President Lincoln was shot, April 14, 1865, he accompanied Mary Surratt to her other property in Surrattsville, (now Clinton, Maryland), where she delivered items that Booth later retrieved hours after the assassination. He further testified that Mary Surratt met with Booth no fewer than three times on that fateful day. Samuel Mudd, the doctor who treated Booth's broken leg on the night Lincoln was killed, and claimed to have no knowledge of the conspiracy, was linked by Weichmann's testimony to the events for which he was tried and found guilty as well. Augustus Howell, a blockade runner who worked with John Surratt, claimed during the trial that Weichmann provided the Confederates with classified information obtained by his position at the War Department.", "Meanwhile, actor John Wilkes Booth enters Ford's Theatre and sees his target, President Abraham Lincoln. Booth sneaks into the President's box and shoots Lincoln, mortally wounding him. Booth stabs diplomat and military officer Henry Rathbone who was a guest in Lincoln's box, and leaps onto the stage, shouting, \"Sic Semper Tyrannis! The South is avenged!\" before escaping. A crowd, including Aiken, Hamilton and Baker, watch in horror as the unconscious President is taken to a nearby boarding house where he dies early the next morning. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton orders all suspects, including Mary Surratt, arrested. Booth and David Herold manage to evade capture for some days, but Union soldiers find a barn where they suspect the conspirators are hiding and set it on fire. Herold is arrested, while Booth is shot and killed by sergeant Boston Corbett. Maryland Senator Reverdy Johnson is Mary Surratt's lawyer. Her son, John Surratt, had escaped with hundreds of agents looking for him. Feeling unable to defend Surratt because he's a Southerner, Reverdy asks Aiken, a Northerner, to take over, but he tries to refuse. He is ordered to defend her and tells Sarah and his friends, who are shocked to hear this. Aiken visits Mary in her cell to question her. Mary asks Aiken to look in on her daughter Anna. Aiken does so and searches the boarding house for clues. He finds a ticket with the initials \"LJW\" (Louis J. Weichmann). At the court, Weichman - a seminary friend of Mary's son John, is the first witness and describes John Surratt's meetings with Booth.", "He had been assigned by John Wilkes Booth to assassinate U.S. Vice President Andrew Johnson, but did not do it and instead fled Washington, D.C., on the night of the Lincoln assassination. He was captured at the farm of his cousin Hartman Richter, on Schaeffer Road near Clopper Road. Atzerodt was hanged on July 7, 1865, along with Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, and David Herold at Washington, D.C.'s Fort McNair. George Atzerodt had come to the town with his family from Prussia when he was about nine years old. When he was about 14 his father moved the family to Virginia, but George still had many friends and relatives in Germantown. He was living in Port Tobacco during the Civil War, and supplementing his meager income as a carriage painter by smuggling people across the Potomac River in a row boat. This clandestine occupation brought him into contact with John Surratt and John Wilkes Booth and he was drawn into a plot to kidnap President Lincoln. On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth gave George Atzerodt a gun and told him that he was to kill the vice president, Andrew Johnson, which he refused to do. George panicked when he found out that Booth had shot President Lincoln and made his way to his cousin's, Hartman Richter's, house in Germantown to hide. He was discovered there by soldiers three days after the assassination and was hanged with other conspirators on July 7. Germantown did not have a public school until after the end of the American Civil War. During that time, education was handled at home. In 1868, a one-room schoolhouse was built on Maryland Route 118, near Black Rock Road, which hosted children from both Germantown and neighboring Darnestown.", "Mary E. Surratt Boarding House The Mary E. Surratt Boarding House in Washington, D.C. was the site of meetings of conspirators to kidnap and subsequently to assassinate U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. It was operated as a boarding house by Mary Surratt from September 1864 to April 1865. The building, at 604 H Street NW, standing three-and-one-half stories tall, was constructed by Jonathan T. Walker in 1843. It has been described as being in the Early Republic or Federal style or in \"vernacular Greek Revival\" style. It stands on a lot measuring . The building is wide, facing directly onto the sidewalk on south side of the street, and has a depth of . The building was altered in 1925 so that the first floor could be used as a commercial space. John Surratt purchased the house from Augustus A. Gibson on December 6, 1853, and operated it as a boarding house. After her husband died in 1862, Mary Surratt chose to rent her tavern/residence in nearby Surrattsville, Maryland, to John M. Lloyd, a former Washington, D.C., policeman and Confederate sympathizer, and moved into the Washington boarding house. In 1865, the military tribunal trying the conspirators of Lincoln's assassination heard testimony from residents at the boarding house that Surratt had regularly met with John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln conspirators at the house. Lloyd told the tribunal that he had been told by Surratt to provide field glasses and guns to Booth and co-conspirator David Herold. It was on the basis of this evidence that Surratt was convicted and sentenced to death. For her role as a member of the Abraham Lincoln assassination conspiracy plot, she became the first woman to be executed by the United States federal government."], "answer": {"text": "He gave her a package, later found to contain binoculars, for Lloyd to pick up later that evening.", "answer_start": 97}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "answer": {"text": "She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her", "answer_start": 1296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what debt was she collecting", "answer": {"text": "owed her by a former neighbor.", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was this a conspiracy", "answer": {"text": "according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "answer_start": 1386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who wanted the shooting irons", "answer": {"text": "according to Lloyd, again told Lloyd to have the \"shooting irons\" ready for pickup and handed him a wrapped package from Booth.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8651ff57168a40609c81539285279fd1_1_q#5", "question": "how did she know booth", "rewrite": "how did Mary Surratt know john wilkes booth?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Louis J. Weichmann moved into Surratt's boarding house on November 1, 1864. On December 23, 1864, Dr. Samuel Mudd introduced John Surratt, Jr. to John Wilkes Booth. Booth recruited John Jr. into his conspiracy to kidnap Lincoln. Confederate agents began frequenting the boarding house. Booth visited the boarding house many times over the next few months, sometimes at Mary's request. George Atzerodt and Lewis Powell boarded at the townhouse for short periods. Atzerodt, a friend of both John Jr. and Booth and a co-conspirator in the plot  to kidnap Lincoln, visited the boarding house several times in the first two months of 1865. He stayed at the Surratt boarding house in February 1865 (for one night or several, sources differ), but he proved to be a heavy drinker, and Surratt evicted him after just a few days. He continued to visit the townhouse frequently afterward, however. Powell posed as a Baptist preacher and stayed at the boarding house for three days in March 1865. David Herold also called at the home several times. As part of the plot to kidnap Lincoln in March 1865, John, Atzerodt, and Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to the Surratt tavern. She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. However, according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up. On April 14, Surratt said that she would once again visit the family tavern in Surrattsville to collect a debt.", "Weichmann went to Washington, D.C., where he taught school for two years at St. Matthew's Institute for Boys. After leaving this position in 1864, he became a clerk in the Department of War, headed by Secretary Edwin Stanton. Surratt had in the meantime become a courier and agent for the Confederacy, working out of Union territory. As a result of his earlier friendship with Surratt, Weichmann took lodgings in the boarding house of Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, in Washington, D.C. This brought him into contact with the major conspirators involved in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. According to Weichmann's testimony at the trial of the conspirators, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, Lewis Payne, George Atzerodt, John Surratt, and others continually met at Mary Surratt's boarding house prior to the assassination. Weichmann testified that on the day President Lincoln was shot, April 14, 1865, he accompanied Mary Surratt to her other property in Surrattsville, (now Clinton, Maryland), where she delivered items that Booth later retrieved hours after the assassination. He further testified that Mary Surratt met with Booth no fewer than three times on that fateful day. Samuel Mudd, the doctor who treated Booth's broken leg on the night Lincoln was killed, and claimed to have no knowledge of the conspiracy, was linked by Weichmann's testimony to the events for which he was tried and found guilty as well. Augustus Howell, a blockade runner who worked with John Surratt, claimed during the trial that Weichmann provided the Confederates with classified information obtained by his position at the War Department.", "He had been assigned by John Wilkes Booth to assassinate U.S. Vice President Andrew Johnson, but did not do it and instead fled Washington, D.C., on the night of the Lincoln assassination. He was captured at the farm of his cousin Hartman Richter, on Schaeffer Road near Clopper Road. Atzerodt was hanged on July 7, 1865, along with Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, and David Herold at Washington, D.C.'s Fort McNair. George Atzerodt had come to the town with his family from Prussia when he was about nine years old. When he was about 14 his father moved the family to Virginia, but George still had many friends and relatives in Germantown. He was living in Port Tobacco during the Civil War, and supplementing his meager income as a carriage painter by smuggling people across the Potomac River in a row boat. This clandestine occupation brought him into contact with John Surratt and John Wilkes Booth and he was drawn into a plot to kidnap President Lincoln. On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth gave George Atzerodt a gun and told him that he was to kill the vice president, Andrew Johnson, which he refused to do. George panicked when he found out that Booth had shot President Lincoln and made his way to his cousin's, Hartman Richter's, house in Germantown to hide. He was discovered there by soldiers three days after the assassination and was hanged with other conspirators on July 7. Germantown did not have a public school until after the end of the American Civil War. During that time, education was handled at home. In 1868, a one-room schoolhouse was built on Maryland Route 118, near Black Rock Road, which hosted children from both Germantown and neighboring Darnestown.", "Meanwhile, actor John Wilkes Booth enters Ford's Theatre and sees his target, President Abraham Lincoln. Booth sneaks into the President's box and shoots Lincoln, mortally wounding him. Booth stabs diplomat and military officer Henry Rathbone who was a guest in Lincoln's box, and leaps onto the stage, shouting, \"Sic Semper Tyrannis! The South is avenged!\" before escaping. A crowd, including Aiken, Hamilton and Baker, watch in horror as the unconscious President is taken to a nearby boarding house where he dies early the next morning. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton orders all suspects, including Mary Surratt, arrested. Booth and David Herold manage to evade capture for some days, but Union soldiers find a barn where they suspect the conspirators are hiding and set it on fire. Herold is arrested, while Booth is shot and killed by sergeant Boston Corbett. Maryland Senator Reverdy Johnson is Mary Surratt's lawyer. Her son, John Surratt, had escaped with hundreds of agents looking for him. Feeling unable to defend Surratt because he's a Southerner, Reverdy asks Aiken, a Northerner, to take over, but he tries to refuse. He is ordered to defend her and tells Sarah and his friends, who are shocked to hear this. Aiken visits Mary in her cell to question her. Mary asks Aiken to look in on her daughter Anna. Aiken does so and searches the boarding house for clues. He finds a ticket with the initials \"LJW\" (Louis J. Weichmann). At the court, Weichman - a seminary friend of Mary's son John, is the first witness and describes John Surratt's meetings with Booth.", "Mary E. Surratt Boarding House The Mary E. Surratt Boarding House in Washington, D.C. was the site of meetings of conspirators to kidnap and subsequently to assassinate U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. It was operated as a boarding house by Mary Surratt from September 1864 to April 1865. The building, at 604 H Street NW, standing three-and-one-half stories tall, was constructed by Jonathan T. Walker in 1843. It has been described as being in the Early Republic or Federal style or in \"vernacular Greek Revival\" style. It stands on a lot measuring . The building is wide, facing directly onto the sidewalk on south side of the street, and has a depth of . The building was altered in 1925 so that the first floor could be used as a commercial space. John Surratt purchased the house from Augustus A. Gibson on December 6, 1853, and operated it as a boarding house. After her husband died in 1862, Mary Surratt chose to rent her tavern/residence in nearby Surrattsville, Maryland, to John M. Lloyd, a former Washington, D.C., policeman and Confederate sympathizer, and moved into the Washington boarding house. In 1865, the military tribunal trying the conspirators of Lincoln's assassination heard testimony from residents at the boarding house that Surratt had regularly met with John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln conspirators at the house. Lloyd told the tribunal that he had been told by Surratt to provide field glasses and guns to Booth and co-conspirator David Herold. It was on the basis of this evidence that Surratt was convicted and sentenced to death. For her role as a member of the Abraham Lincoln assassination conspiracy plot, she became the first woman to be executed by the United States federal government."], "answer": {"text": "On December 23, 1864, Dr. Samuel Mudd introduced John Surratt, Jr. to John Wilkes Booth.", "answer_start": 76}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "answer": {"text": "She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her", "answer_start": 1296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what debt was she collecting", "answer": {"text": "owed her by a former neighbor.", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was this a conspiracy", "answer": {"text": "according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "answer_start": 1386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who wanted the shooting irons", "answer": {"text": "according to Lloyd, again told Lloyd to have the \"shooting irons\" ready for pickup and handed him a wrapped package from Booth.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was she accused of helping john wilkes booth", "answer": {"text": "He gave her a package, later found to contain binoculars, for Lloyd to pick up later that evening.", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8651ff57168a40609c81539285279fd1_1_q#6", "question": "when was she arrested", "rewrite": "when was Mary Surratt arrested?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The area round the tavern was officially named Surrattsville in 1853. Within a short period of time, a post office was installed inside the tavern. John Surratt was the hamlet's first postmaster. In 1854, John built a hotel as an addition to his tavern, and called it Surratt's Hotel. Over the next few years, Surratt acquired or built a carriage house, corn crib, general store, forge, granary, gristmill, stable, tobacco curing house, and wheelwright's shop. John Surratt collapsed suddenly and died on either August 25 or August 26 in 1862 (sources differ as to the date). The cause of death was a stroke. Mary Surratt struggled with running the farm, tavern, and other businesses without the help of her son, John Surratt, Jr.. In the fall of 1864, she began considering moving to her townhouse at 541 H Street in Washington, D.C. which her husband obtained on December 6, 1853 On October 1, 1864, Mary Surratt took possession of the D.C. townhouse. As part of a plot to kidnap President Abraham Lincoln in March 1865, John Surratt, Jr.; his friend, George Atzerodt; and co-conspirator David Herold hid two Spencer carbines, ammunition, and some other supplies at the Surratt tavern in Surrattsville. On April 11, Mary Surratt rented a carriage and drove to her Maryland tavern. She said she made the trip to collect a debt owed her by a former neighbor. But according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "(In 1866, in \"Ex parte Milligan\", the United States Supreme Court banned the use of military tribunals in places where civil courts were operational.) Only a simple majority of the jury was required for a guilty verdict, and a two-thirds for a death sentence. There was no route for appeal other than to President Johnson. The seven-week trial included the testimony of 366 witnesses. All of the defendants were found guilty on June 30. Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt were sentenced to death by hanging; Samuel Mudd, Samuel Arnold, and Michael O'Laughlen were sentenced to life in prison. Edmund Spangler was sentenced to six years. After sentencing Mary Surratt to hang, five jurors signed a letter recommending clemency, but Johnson refused to stop the execution; he later claimed he never saw the letter. Mary Surratt, Powell, Herold, and Atzerodt were hanged in the Old Arsenal Penitentiary on July 7. Mary Surratt was the first woman executed by the United States government. O'Laughlen died in prison in 1867. Mudd, Arnold, and Spangler were pardoned in February 1869 by Johnson. Spangler, who died in 1875, always insisted his sole connection to the plot was that Booth asked him to hold his horse. John Surratt stood trial in Washington in 1867. Four residents of Elmira, New York, claimed they had seen him there between April 13 and 15; fifteen others said they either saw him, or someone who resembled him, in Washington (or traveling to or from Washington) on the day of the assassination. The jury could not reach a verdict and John Surratt was released.", "Weichmann went to Washington, D.C., where he taught school for two years at St. Matthew's Institute for Boys. After leaving this position in 1864, he became a clerk in the Department of War, headed by Secretary Edwin Stanton. Surratt had in the meantime become a courier and agent for the Confederacy, working out of Union territory. As a result of his earlier friendship with Surratt, Weichmann took lodgings in the boarding house of Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt, in Washington, D.C. This brought him into contact with the major conspirators involved in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. According to Weichmann's testimony at the trial of the conspirators, John Wilkes Booth, David Herold, Lewis Payne, George Atzerodt, John Surratt, and others continually met at Mary Surratt's boarding house prior to the assassination. Weichmann testified that on the day President Lincoln was shot, April 14, 1865, he accompanied Mary Surratt to her other property in Surrattsville, (now Clinton, Maryland), where she delivered items that Booth later retrieved hours after the assassination. He further testified that Mary Surratt met with Booth no fewer than three times on that fateful day. Samuel Mudd, the doctor who treated Booth's broken leg on the night Lincoln was killed, and claimed to have no knowledge of the conspiracy, was linked by Weichmann's testimony to the events for which he was tried and found guilty as well. Augustus Howell, a blockade runner who worked with John Surratt, claimed during the trial that Weichmann provided the Confederates with classified information obtained by his position at the War Department.", "Several eyewitnesses said he appeared completely intoxicated on the day of Lincoln's death (April 14), implying that he could not have remembered with clarity what happened that day. Surratt's chief attorney, Reverdy Johnson, asserted repeatedly that Lloyd was an unreliable witness, and that the evidence against Mary Surratt was entirely circumstantial. The only evidence linking Surratt to the conspiracy to kill Lincoln, he said, came from Lloyd and Weichmann, and neither man was telling the truth (he said). Lloyd's testimony was coerced, he claimed. The government's case was hindered by its failure to call as a witness the man who shared Lloyd's carriage when he talked with Mrs. Surratt (an individual who could have verified Lloyd's version of the \"shooting irons\" story). The nine-member military tribunal hearing the case sentenced Mary Surratt, George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Lewis Powell to death on July 5, 1865. As their crimes had occurred in an area under military jurisdiction, the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act denied them any appeal. The four were hanged at the Washington Arsenal on July 7, 1865. In October 1865, Lloyd moved back to the District of Columbia from Surrattsville. For the rest of his life, Lloyd worked as a bricklayer and construction contractor in Washington, D.C. He was severely injured in early December 1892 when, while helping to construct a building, the scaffold he was standing on collapsed. He died on December 18. A Roman Catholic, Lloyd was buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. Mary Surratt's grave is about away from Lloyd's. The 21-year-old John married 20-year-old Mary Elizabeth Mahorney", "Surratt House Museum The Surratt House (also known as the Mary Surratt House and the Surratt House Museum) is a historic house and house museum located at 9110 Brandywine Road in Clinton (formerly Surrattsville), Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The house is named for John and Mary Surratt, who built it in 1852. Mary Surratt was hanged in 1865 for being a co-conspirator in the Abraham Lincoln assassination. It was acquired by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC) in 1965, restored, and opened to the public as a museum in 1976. The original structure was built as a middle-class plantation house in 1852. Mary Jenkins met John Harrison Surratt in 1839, when she was 16 or 19 years of age (the date of her birth is not clear) and he was 26. An orphan, John Surratt was adopted by Richard and Sarah Neale of Washington, D.C., a wealthy couple who owned a farm. Jenkins and Surratt wed in August 1840. The Surratts lived at a mill in Oxon Hill, Maryland, and later at John's childhood home on a farm in the District of Columbia, In 1851, the farmhouse burned to the ground (an escaped family slave was suspected of setting the blaze). Within a year, John Surratt purchased of farmland near what is now Clinton, and by 1853 he constructed a tavern and an inn there. Mary initially refused to move herself and the children into the new residence (possibly because of her husband's drinking). She took up residence at the farm again, but John sold both the Neale farm and Foxhall in May 1853 to pay debts and she was forced to move back in with him in December."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what conspiracy was Mary Surratt involved in?", "answer": {"text": "She said that she made the trip to collect a debt owed her", "answer_start": 1296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what debt was she collecting", "answer": {"text": "owed her by a former neighbor.", "answer_start": 1346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was this a conspiracy", "answer": {"text": "according to her tenant, John Lloyd, Surratt told him to get the \"shooting irons\" ready to be picked up.", "answer_start": 1386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who wanted the shooting irons", "answer": {"text": "according to Lloyd, again told Lloyd to have the \"shooting irons\" ready for pickup and handed him a wrapped package from Booth.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was she accused of helping john wilkes booth", "answer": {"text": "He gave her a package, later found to contain binoculars, for Lloyd to pick up later that evening.", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how did she know booth", "answer": {"text": "On December 23, 1864, Dr. Samuel Mudd introduced John Surratt, Jr. to John Wilkes Booth.", "answer_start": 76, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_0_q#0", "question": "What literature did Florence Nightingale write?", "rewrite": "What literature did Florence Nightingale write?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860."], "answer": {"text": "she wrote Suggestions for Thought to Searchers after Religious Truth.", "answer_start": 720}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_0_q#1", "question": "What subjects did she write about?", "rewrite": "What subjects did Florence Nightingale write about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing."], "answer": {"text": "a history of the women's movement.", "answer_start": 1251}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What literature did Florence Nightingale write?", "answer": {"text": "she wrote Suggestions for Thought to Searchers after Religious Truth.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_0_q#2", "question": "Was she well received by the public?", "rewrite": "Was Florence Nightingale well received by the public?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers."], "answer": {"text": "In 1972 the poet Eleanor Ross Taylor wrote \"Welcome Eumenides,\" a poem written in Nightingale's voice and quoting frequently from Nightingale's writings.", "answer_start": 363}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What literature did Florence Nightingale write?", "answer": {"text": "she wrote Suggestions for Thought to Searchers after Religious Truth.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What subjects did she write about?", "answer": {"text": "a history of the women's movement.", "answer_start": 1251, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_0_q#3", "question": "What effect did she have on the Women's movement?", "rewrite": "What effect did Florence Nightingale have on the Women's movement?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "Florence Nightingale Museum The Florence Nightingale Museum is located at St Thomas' Hospital, which faces the Palace of Westminster across the River Thames in South Bank, central London, England. It is open to the public seven days a week. It reopened on 12 May 2010 following an extensive \u00a31.4m refurbishment. The museum tells the real story of Florence Nightingale, \"the lady with the lamp\", from her Victorian childhood to her experiences in the Crimean, through to her years as an ardent campaigner for health reform. Nightingale is recognised as the founder of modern nursing in the United Kingdom. The new museum explains her legacy and also celebrates nursing today: it is a member of The London Museums of Health & Medicine group. In 1860, four years after her famous involvement in the Crimean War, Nightingale founded the Nightingale Training School for nurses at St. Thomas' Hospital and the museum is located on this site. The new museum is designed around three pavilions that tell her story. The Gilded Cage tells the story of Nightingale's privileged childhood and her struggle against stifling social conventions. The Calling shows how Nightingale and her team coped with the crisis in the military hospitals where the legend of the lady with the lamp was born. Reform and Inspire shows the other side of Nightingale, the reformer who campaigned tirelessly for health reform at home and abroad. Highlights from the Collection include the writing slate Nightingale used as a child, her pet owl Athena (which she rescued in Athens and hand reared, and which became her constant companion, travelling everywhere in her pocket), and Nightingale's medicine chest, which she took with her to the Crimean. It contains a mix of medicines and herbal remedies, from bicarbonate of soda to powdered rhubarb. The museum displays a rare Register of Nurses that lists women who served under Nightingale in the military hospitals in Turkey and the Crimean."], "answer": {"text": "Elaine Showalter called Nightingale's writing \"a major text of English feminism, a link between Wollstonecraft and Woolf.\"", "answer_start": 240}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What literature did Florence Nightingale write?", "answer": {"text": "she wrote Suggestions for Thought to Searchers after Religious Truth.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What subjects did she write about?", "answer": {"text": "a history of the women's movement.", "answer_start": 1251, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she well received by the public?", "answer": {"text": "In 1972 the poet Eleanor Ross Taylor wrote \"Welcome Eumenides,\" a poem written in Nightingale's voice and quoting frequently from Nightingale's writings.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_0_q#4", "question": "Did she receive any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Florence Nightingale receive any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What literature did Florence Nightingale write?", "answer": {"text": "she wrote Suggestions for Thought to Searchers after Religious Truth.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What subjects did she write about?", "answer": {"text": "a history of the women's movement.", "answer_start": 1251, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she well received by the public?", "answer": {"text": "In 1972 the poet Eleanor Ross Taylor wrote \"Welcome Eumenides,\" a poem written in Nightingale's voice and quoting frequently from Nightingale's writings.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What effect did she have on the Women's movement?", "answer": {"text": "Elaine Showalter called Nightingale's writing \"a major text of English feminism, a link between Wollstonecraft and Woolf.\"", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_1_q#0", "question": "Did Florence Nightingale ever receive backlash?", "rewrite": "Did Florence Nightingale ever receive backlash?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing.", "Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_1_q#1", "question": "Was her work considered imorral", "rewrite": "Was Florence Nightingale's work considered immoral?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers."], "answer": {"text": "Nightingale is described as \"a true pioneer", "answer_start": 440}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Florence Nightingale ever receive backlash?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_1_q#2", "question": "did she ever receive threats to shut her down", "rewrite": "Did Florence Nightingale ever receive threats to be shut down?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing."], "answer": {"text": "Commission of 1868-9 presented Nightingale with an opportunity to press for compulsory sanitation", "answer_start": 264}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Florence Nightingale ever receive backlash?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was her work considered imorral", "answer": {"text": "Nightingale is described as \"a true pioneer", "answer_start": 440, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_1_q#3", "question": "did her family ever scorn her works", "rewrite": "Did Florence Nightingale's family ever scorn her works?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Florence Nightingale ever receive backlash?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was her work considered imorral", "answer": {"text": "Nightingale is described as \"a true pioneer", "answer_start": 440, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever receive threats to shut her down", "answer": {"text": "Commission of 1868-9 presented Nightingale with an opportunity to press for compulsory sanitation", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b18a1a332d3a464f910a815bc4ac2f78_1_q#4", "question": "did her personal life ever reflect her works", "rewrite": "Did Florence Nightingale's personal life ever reflect her works?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The event includes masterclasses, lectures, and networking, and hosts national and international speakers. A Commemoration Service is held in May of each year to celebrate Florence Nightingale. It is an opportunity to honour Florence on her birthday, 12 May, and to celebrate International Nurses Day. Central to the service is the Lamp which was given to the Foundation by Sir Dan Mason OBE in 1968 in memory of his mother Kathleen Dampier-Bennett, a Trustee and supporter of the Foundation. The Lamp is kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey. During the ceremony, a number of processions take place. Scholars of the Foundation process the Lamp to signify the knowledge of nursing and are escorted by student nurses signifying the transfer of knowledge to future generations. The Chelsea Pensioners process in memory of, and in gratitude to, Florence Nightingale for her care of the troops during the Crimean Campaign. The final procession is of the Nurses\u2019 Roll of Honour which was compiled by the British Commonwealth Nurses War Memorial Fund and is also kept in the Florence Nightingale Chapel in the Abbey. It is carried to honour those killed in conflict and to underpin the links with military nursing and nurses who have lost their lives in the service of others. Students\u2019 Day is an annual event in which students from each University in the UK that has a School of Nursing and Midwifery are invited to spend the day with the Foundation in London. The main venue for the day is The Governors\u2019 Hall at St Thomas\u2019 Hospital. The event includes: a morning plenary discussion session in which students are invited to raise questions or concerns with a panel of senior nurses and engage in professional debate; a tour of the Florence Nightingale Museum; a visit to the Florence Nightingale Chapel in Westminster Abbey, and attendance at the Annual Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service. The Florence Nightingale Foundation Presentation of Certificates is held biannually and acts as a graduation ceremony for completed scholars.", "Florence Nightingale Foundation The Florence Nightingale Foundation (FNF) is a charity organisation in the United Kingdom that provides scholarships to nurses, midwives and other health professionals while serving as a living memorial of the work of Florence Nightingale. In 1912 a memorial to Florence Nightingale was first proposed by Mrs Ethel Bedford-Fenwick at an International Council of Nurses Congress in Cologne. The intention was to create a foundation to provide educational support for nurses. Due to the 1914-1918 War, it was not until 1929 that the memorial proposal was activated at the ICN Grand Council in Montreal. In 1931 the Florence Nightingale Memorial Committee proposed that the memorial foundation for Florence Nightingale should focus on the post-graduate education of nurses. In 1934 The Florence Nightingale Foundation developed as an independent Foundation based upon the same principles as the Memorial Committee and the Florence Nightingale International Foundation. The Florence Nightingale Foundation has since been a living memorial to her life by providing scholarships to post-graduate nurses, midwives and other health professionals in the United Kingdom. The Foundation is a voice for nursing across the UK. It works to improve patient care in the UK by extending scholars skills and knowledge and promoting innovation in practice. It achieves this through educational programmes, leadership development and clinical nursing research involvement, including the development of the Florence Nightingale Foundation Chairs in Clinical Nursing Practice Research. The Foundation\u2019s scholarships are designed to enhance the special contribution of nursing and midwifery to society, promoting innovation in practice and improving patient care. The Foundation has three categories of scholarships: The Florence Nightingale Foundation hosts several events throughout the course of the year. These events are held annually such as The Florence Nightingale Commemoration Service at Westminster Abbey, The Florence Nightingale Foundation Annual Conference and Charity Gala Dinner. The Florence Nightingale Foundation annual conference is a developmental conference for all nurses, midwives and healthcare professionals across all aspects of healthcare delivery.", "Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery The Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care is an academic faculty within King's College London. The faculty is the world's first nursing school to be continuously connected to a fully serving hospital and medical school (St. Thomas' Hospital). Established on 9 July 1860 by Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, it was a model for many similar training schools through the UK, Commonwealth and other countries for the latter half of the 19th century. It is primarily concerned with the education of people to become nurses and midwives. It also carries out nursing research, continuing professional development and postgraduate programmes. The Faculty forms part of the Waterloo campus on the South Bank of the River Thames and is now one of the largest faculties in the university. The school is ranked as the number one faculty for nursing in London and in the United Kingdom whilst third in the world rankings and belongs to one of the leading universities in health services, policy and research in the world. A freedom-of-information request in 2015 disclosed that the Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery had one of the lowest admission offer rates of 14% to its applicants. The faculty specialises in the following areas: child and adolescent nursing; midwifery and women's health; adult nursing; mental health nursing; and postgraduate research, with programmes catering to the needs of a wider range of individuals and healthcare professionals continuing their professional development. Inspired by Florence Nightingale and her nurses' work during the Crimean War, a fund was set up in 1855 by members of the public to raise money for her work. By June 1856, \u00a344,039 (equivalent to over \u00a34.26 million in 2016) was raised. Nightingale decided to use the money to set up a training school at St Thomas' Hospital. The first nurses began their training on 9 July 1860.", "Florence Nightingale effect The Florence Nightingale effect is a trope where a caregiver develops romantic feelings, sexual feelings, or both for their patient, even if very little communication or contact takes place outside of basic care. Feelings may fade once the patient is no longer in need of care. The effect is named for Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in the field of nursing in the second half of the 19th century. Due to her dedication to patient care, she was dubbed \"The Lady with the Lamp\" because of her habit of making rounds at night, previously not done. Her care would forever change the way hospitals treated patients. Most consider Nightingale the founder of modern nursing. There is no record of Florence Nightingale having ever fallen in love with one of her patients. In fact, despite multiple suitors, she never married for fear it might interfere with her calling for nursing. Albert Finney referred to the effect as the \"Florence Nightingale syndrome\" in a 1982 interview, and that phrase was used earlier to refer to health workers pursuing non-tangible rewards in their careers.", "Alicia Lloyd Still Dame Alicia Frances Jane Lloyd Still, DBE, RRC (1869\u20131944) was a British nurse, teacher and hospital matron. Her papers helped to found the Florence Nightingale Museum (Museum and Galleries Commission Registration #584), opened in 1989, which was based on the life of Florence Nightingale. It is on the historical site of the first purpose built nurse training institution, the Nightingale Training School for Nurses, which closed in 1996, at St Thomas' Hospital. The collections held by the Museum may be traced back to the gifts from Florence Nightingale to the nurses at St Thomas' in the late 19th century; Lloyd Still was Matron of St Thomas' from 1913-37. There were plans for a Nightingale Museum as early as the 1930s but these were shelved with the Second World War and not reconsidered until the late 1970s. Prior to the formation the collections were displayed and received acclaim on major anniversaries such as 1954 (the Crimean Centenary), 1960 (the Nightingale Training School Centenary) and 1970 (the 150th anniversary of Nightingale's birth). The Florence Nightingale Museum Trust was formed in 1983 and is run as an independent charity with strong links with Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, with the British National Health Service in general, and with nursing organizations across the world. The Museum aims to provide excellent educational services for a range of users from special educational needs groups in the local community to international nurses. The Museum had 27,400 visitors in 2004. The Museum is a Registered Charity #299576. Among Lloyd Still's notable students was Theodora Turner, a future President of the Royal College of Nursing."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Florence Nightingale ever receive backlash?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was her work considered imorral", "answer": {"text": "Nightingale is described as \"a true pioneer", "answer_start": 440, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever receive threats to shut her down", "answer": {"text": "Commission of 1868-9 presented Nightingale with an opportunity to press for compulsory sanitation", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did her family ever scorn her works", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#0", "question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "rewrite": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Victorian times, population growth, and the Industrial Revolution which saw a migration of workers from the countryside to the cities, resulted in successive housing booms in the 1850s and 1870s that saw the creation of millions of houses. These catered not only for the rich and the new \"middling-classes\" but also for the poor. In deprived areas, Victorian houses were often very small, for example, back-to-back houses built in extremely cramped conditions. Some of these areas became slums or 'rookeries', and were later cleared. Some smaller, two-up two-down houses still survive, for example in Salford, Greater Manchester. Victorian houses for the middle classes and upwards tended to have accommodation for servants, often employed to carry out the considerable labour required to keep the house, including its fireplaces, clean and well stocked. Victorian houses of the middle and upper classes aspired to follow the purest forms of contemporary architecture, for example, the Gothic Revival or Queen Anne styles. The Victorian era, together with the Edwardian era was the last sustained period in which great houses were built in large numbers. Many of these harked back to earlier periods of English architecture, for example:   Victorian-era homes in eastern American cities tend to be three stories and those in western American cities tend to be two-story houses or one-story cottages. This is not representative of a typical Victorian-era home in all regions. Although the general public often incorrectly refers to a Victorian-era house as a Victorian-\"style\" house, Victorian era refers to a time period and not to a style. Although architectural historians generally agree that about eight primary architectural styles were prominent in the United States and Canada during the Victorian era, Victorian-era residential architecture in the United States and Canada was a procession of styles borrowed from countries and historical styles.", "Kate Everleigh Kate Everleigh (1864 \u2013 8 February 1926) was a serio-comic actress and singer of the late Victorian era who was a music hall and burlesque performer as well as appearing in pantomime and musical theatre. In America in 1877, with Lydia Thompson\u2019s Company, she appeared in Reece and Farnie's burlesque \"Oxygen, or, Prince Fritz of Virgamen\" Reece's burlesque of \"Robinson Crusoe\" and a version of \"Bluebeard\". Other appearances in the United States included a production of \"The Magic Slipper\" with the Colville Opera Company at the Bush Street Theatre in San Francisco in November 1879. A critic wrote of her performance, \"Miss Kate Everleigh made a handsome Prince, and might perhaps have scored a success had she been compelled to act the part in pantomime\". Everleigh also appeared in a burlesque with the Famous Colville Opera Burlesque Company at the California Theatre in San Francisco called \"Ill Treated Il Travotore, Or, The Mother, The Maiden, and The Musicianer\" (1880). In London she appeared in the burlesque \"The Babes, or, Whines from the Wood\" (1884) and as Captain Delaunay in the original London cast of \"Erminie\" (1885). The magazine \"The Theatre\" in 1885 stated that she had also appeared in the shows \"Nemesis\" (1885); \"The Bride of Song\" (1864), a one-act operetta with music by Julius Benedict and words by Henry Brougham Farnie, and \"Family Ties\". Everleigh acted in \"Eastward Ho!\" at the Opera Comique (1894). In 1889 she appeared at the Alexandra Theatre in a benefit night for Alfred Hemming.", "Victorian burlesque  Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as travesty or extravaganza, is a genre of theatrical entertainment that was popular in Victorian England and in the New York theatre of the mid 19th century. It is a form of parody in which a well-known opera or piece of classical theatre or ballet is adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, usually risqu\u00e9 in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and often quoting or pastiching text or music from the original work. Victorian burlesque is one of several forms of burlesque. Like ballad opera, burlesques featured musical scores drawing on a wide range of music, from popular contemporary songs to operatic arias, although later burlesques, from the 1880s, sometimes featured original scores. Dance played an important part, and great attention was paid to the staging, costumes and other spectacular elements of stagecraft, as many of the pieces were staged as extravaganzas. Many of the male roles were played by actresses as breeches roles, to show off women's legs in tights, and some of the older female roles were taken by male actors. Originally short, one-act pieces, burlesques were later full-length shows, occupying most or all of an evening's programme. Authors who wrote burlesques included J. R. Planch\u00e9, H. J. Byron, G. R. Sims, F. C. Burnand, W. S. Gilbert and Fred Leslie. Burlesque theatre became popular around the beginning of the Victorian era. The word \"burlesque\" is derived from the Italian \"burla\", which means \"ridicule or mockery\".", "At the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, she won the silver medal in the 100-metre butterfly and in the 4\u00d7100-metre freestyle, and won bronze in the 4\u00d7100-metre medley. She was also in 9th place in the 100-metre freestyle. She participated in her second Olympics in 2012 Summer Olympics in London, where she finished 26th in the 100-metre freestyle and 33rd in the 100-metre butterfly. At the 2012 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Istanbul, she ranked 16th in the 50-metre butterfly, 10th in the 100-metre butterfly and 10th in the 4\u00d7100-metre medley. In the 4\u00d7100-metre medley heats, Daynara, along with the Brazilian team, broke the South American record with a time of 3:57.66. At the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, in the 4\u00d7100-metre freestyle, she broke the South American record, with a time of 3:41.05, along with Larissa Oliveira, Graciele Herrmann and Alessandra Marchioro. The Brazilian team finished in 11th place, and did not advance to the final. She also finished 15th in the 100-metre butterfly. , 20th in the 50-metre butterfly. and 12th in the 4\u00d7100-metre medley, along with Etiene Medeiros, Larissa Oliveira and Beatriz Travalon. At the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Gold Coast, Queensland, she finished 5th in the 4x100-metre freestyle relay, along with Graciele Herrmann, Etiene Medeiros and Alessandra Marchioro; 5th in the 4x100-metre medley relay, along with Graciele Herrmann, Ana Carla Carvalho and Etiene Medeiros; 12th in the 100-metre butterfly; and 19th in the 50-metre freestyle.", "The popularity of stage burlesque in general and operatic burlesque in particular seems to have stemmed from the many ways in which it entertained a diverse group, and the manner in which it fed and fed on the circus-like or carnivalesque atmosphere of public Victorian London. W. S. Gilbert wrote five opera burlesques early in his career, beginning with \"Dulcamara, or the Little Duck and the Great Quack\" (1866), the most successful of which was \"Robert the Devil\" (1868). In the 1870s, Lydia Thompson's burlesque troupe, with Willie Edouin, became famous for their burlesques, by such authors as H. B. Farnie and Robert Reece, both in Britain and the U.S. The Shakespeare scholar Stanley Wells notes that although parodies of Shakespeare had appeared even in Shakespeare's lifetime, the heyday of Shakespearean burlesque was the Victorian era. Wells observes that the typical Victorian Shakespeare burlesque \"takes a Shakespeare play as its point of departure and creates from it a mainly comic entertainment, often in ways that bear no relation to the original play.\" Wells gives, as an example of the puns in the texts, the following: Macbeth and Banquo make their first entrance under an umbrella. The witches greet them with \"Hail! hail! hail!\" : Macbeth asks Banquo, \"What mean these salutations, noble thane?\" and is told \"These showers of 'Hail' anticipate your 'reign'\". Musically, Shakespearean burlesques were as varied as the others of the genre."], "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#1", "question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "rewrite": "What were some elements of the Victorian theatrical burlesque shows?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Weldon was inspired by the sideshows and burlesque shows of Coney Island in the mid-1990s, and has moderated the Wild Women Panel, among others, as part of Coney Island's annual Congress of Curious People. Weldon has produced shows for Coney Island's Burlesque at the Beach series, including her annual Follies Fromage, a show based entirely on cheese, and the autobiographical \"God-Damned Women\" show. She is the coordinator and lead instructor of the Coney Island University Master Class in Burlesque. Weldon is an educator and authority on the topic of burlesque. She is the founder, in 2003, and headmistress of The New York School of Burlesque. The school has taught disabled performers at DaDaFest in Liverpool, UK, and taught breast cancer survivors through its Pink Light Burlesque program. Weldon is the founder of Pink Light Burlesque, an organization to provide burlesque classes free of cost to breast cancer patients and survivors. The first Pink Light Burlesque showcase in December 2011 was featured in TIME. Pink Light Burlesque classes have beeb held in Seattle, New York and New Zealand. Weldon is author \"The Burlesque Handbook\" (HarperCollins/ItBooks 2010), which developed from a compilation of her class handouts and from a 50-page ebook that she had already produced covering technique and performance. It has a foreword by comedian Margaret Cho. From 2001 to 2010, Weldon produced the website G-Strings Forever, a collection of photographs and articles about stripping and burlesque. She maintained a LiveJournal account from 2004 to 2010 where she wrote extensively on burlesque, sex work, and women's issues. Since 2007 Weldon has written the burlesque blog Burlesque Daily.", "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show. Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque, music hall and minstrel shows, burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy (lewd jokes) and female striptease. By the early 20th century, burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire, performance art, music hall, and adult entertainment, featuring striptease and broad comedy acts. The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs, as well as music halls and theaters. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, burlesque theaters and magazines used slogans like \"Girls and Gags!\" or \"Fillies and Fun!\" to draw viewers into these clubs, music halls and theaters. Performers, usually female, often created elaborate tableaux with lush, colorful costumes, mood-appropriate music, and dramatic lighting; novelty acts, such as fire breathing or contortionists, might be added to enhance the impact of their performance. The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts: in addition to the striptease artistes, there was some combination of chanson singers, comedians, mime artists, and dancing girls, all delivered in a satiric style. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors. Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s. A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s. There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s, and it inspired a 2010 musical film, \"Burlesque\", starring Christina Aguilera and Cher.", "Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009."], "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#2", "question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "rewrite": "Were the Victorian theatrical burlesque shows popular with the public?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act.", "Weldon was inspired by the sideshows and burlesque shows of Coney Island in the mid-1990s, and has moderated the Wild Women Panel, among others, as part of Coney Island's annual Congress of Curious People. Weldon has produced shows for Coney Island's Burlesque at the Beach series, including her annual Follies Fromage, a show based entirely on cheese, and the autobiographical \"God-Damned Women\" show. She is the coordinator and lead instructor of the Coney Island University Master Class in Burlesque. Weldon is an educator and authority on the topic of burlesque. She is the founder, in 2003, and headmistress of The New York School of Burlesque. The school has taught disabled performers at DaDaFest in Liverpool, UK, and taught breast cancer survivors through its Pink Light Burlesque program. Weldon is the founder of Pink Light Burlesque, an organization to provide burlesque classes free of cost to breast cancer patients and survivors. The first Pink Light Burlesque showcase in December 2011 was featured in TIME. Pink Light Burlesque classes have beeb held in Seattle, New York and New Zealand. Weldon is author \"The Burlesque Handbook\" (HarperCollins/ItBooks 2010), which developed from a compilation of her class handouts and from a 50-page ebook that she had already produced covering technique and performance. It has a foreword by comedian Margaret Cho. From 2001 to 2010, Weldon produced the website G-Strings Forever, a collection of photographs and articles about stripping and burlesque. She maintained a LiveJournal account from 2004 to 2010 where she wrote extensively on burlesque, sex work, and women's issues. Since 2007 Weldon has written the burlesque blog Burlesque Daily.", "American burlesque American burlesque is a genre of variety show. Derived from elements of Victorian burlesque, music hall and minstrel shows, burlesque shows in America became popular in the 1860s and evolved to feature ribald comedy (lewd jokes) and female striptease. By the early 20th century, burlesque in America was presented as a populist blend of satire, performance art, music hall, and adult entertainment, featuring striptease and broad comedy acts. The entertainment was presented often in cabarets and clubs, as well as music halls and theaters. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, burlesque theaters and magazines used slogans like \"Girls and Gags!\" or \"Fillies and Fun!\" to draw viewers into these clubs, music halls and theaters. Performers, usually female, often created elaborate tableaux with lush, colorful costumes, mood-appropriate music, and dramatic lighting; novelty acts, such as fire breathing or contortionists, might be added to enhance the impact of their performance. The genre traditionally encompassed a variety of acts: in addition to the striptease artistes, there was some combination of chanson singers, comedians, mime artists, and dancing girls, all delivered in a satiric style. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling afoul of censors. Burlesque gradually lost popularity beginning in the 1940s. A number of producers sought to capitalize on nostalgia for the entertainment by attempting to recreate the spirit of burlesque in Hollywood films from the 1930s to the 1960s. There has been a resurgence of interest in this format since the 1990s, and it inspired a 2010 musical film, \"Burlesque\", starring Christina Aguilera and Cher."], "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#3", "question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "rewrite": "Were any Victorian theatrical burlesque performances especially popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009.", "Miss Exotic World Pageant The Miss Exotic World Pageant (officially, the Miss Exotic World Pageant and Striptease Reunion) is an annual neo-burlesque pageant and convention, and is the annual showcase event (and fundraiser for) the Burlesque Hall of Fame (formerly the Exotic World burlesque museum). The pageant, sometimes referred to as the \"Miss America of Burlesque\", attracts former burlesque queens from past decades, as well as current participants of the neo-burlesque scene. The pageant consists of burlesque performances spanning a weekend, culminating with the competition to crown a single performer as Miss Exotic World. Because of the significance of the Exotic World Burlesque Museum to the burlesque community, winning the pageant is considered a top honor for a burlesque performer. The pageant grew out an annual event held by Jennie Lee (dancer) and the Exotic Dancers' League (EDL), first held in 1958 and then annually through 1989. Awards were given out starting in 1962 to performers and promoters who furthered burlesque and showed it in a positive light. After Lee's death in 1990, the pageant was created and took place at the Exotic World Museum's grounds in Helendale, California from 1991 through 2005 before relocating to Las Vegas. Exotic World Museum curator Dixie Evans initiated the Miss Exotic World pageant in 1990 as a way to draw people to the museum. She garnered attention by sending out a press release claiming that \"Lili St. Cyr, Tempest Storm, Blaze Starr and 30 other alumni of burlesque will all be invited to attend this reunion. \" While technically true, none of those invitees attended that year.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "There were three main influences on American burlesque in its early years: Victorian burlesque, \"leg shows\" and minstrel shows. British-style burlesques had been successfully presented in New York as early as the 1840s. They achieved wide popularity with productions by Lydia Thompson and her troupe, the British Blondes, who first appeared in the United States in 1868. \"Leg\" shows, such as the musical extravaganza \"The Black Crook\" (1866), became popular around the same time. The influence of the minstrel show soon followed; one of the first American burlesque troupes was the Rentz-Santley Novelty and Burlesque Company, created in 1870 by Michael B. Leavitt, who had earlier feminized the minstrel show with his group Madame Rentz's Female Minstrels. American burlesque rapidly adopted the minstrel show's tripartite structure: part one was composed of songs and dances rendered by a female company, interspersed with low comedy from male comedians. Part two featured various short specialties and olios in which the women did not appear. The show's finish was a grand finale. Sometimes the entertainment was followed by a boxing or wrestling match. Originally, burlesque performances included comic sketches lampooning the upper classes and high art, such as opera, Shakespearean drama, and classical ballet. The genre developed alongside vaudeville and ran on competing circuits. Possibly due to historical social tensions between the upper classes and lower classes of society, much of the humor and entertainment of later American burlesque focused on lowbrow and ribald subjects. In 1937, Epes W. Sargent wrote in Variety that, \"Burlesque is elastic; more so, perhaps, than any other form in theatrical entertainment\", meaning that burlesque performers didn't need to perform in a certain way.", "They Raided Minsky's\" (1968). By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual downfall. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final shabby demise\". When the popularity of burlesque performances was declining, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque so a wide audience of people could see and enjoy the performances. Many burlesque films just featured the performers doing their routine and not many films tried to have a narrative, but some did. For example, in I'm No Angel (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act. The 1943 film Lady of Burlesque, although a murder-mystery, spends much of its running time depicting the back-stage life of burlesque performers. Since some films didn't have a narrative, exploitation producers and distributors where drawn to burlesque films because they could be recut and repackaged, and could be retitled with little to no effort. Some figures from the 1950s indicate that burlesque films could cost a studio an upwards of $50,000 to produce, but Dan Sonney states that most only cost about $15,000 because they were shot quickly and in some cases were done in less than a day. The first motion-picture adaptation of an actual burlesque show was \"Hollywood Revels\" (1946)."], "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#4", "question": "Did some of the actors become famous?", "rewrite": "Did some of the Victorian theatrical burlesque actors become famous?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pinchbottom Burlesque Pinchbottom is a theatrical burlesque company created by Jonny Porkpie and Nasty Canasta in 2004 and run by Porkpie since 2010. It is known for its brand of \"theater-burlesque fusion\" which presents \"full-length comedic play[s] in which performers take their clothes off in every other scene.\". The group was awarded the first-ever \"Most Innovative\" trophy for their performance at The Burlesque Hall of Fame in 2007, and named the \"Best Burlesque\" in New York by New York Magazine in 2007.", "Indraff Indraff (1938\u20131963) was a gray Arabian stallion, foaled on May 9, 1938 and bred by Roger Selby of Ohio. His sire was Raffles and his dam was Indaia. Both his sire and dam were bred by the Crabbet Arabian Stud in England and imported to the United States by Selby. As a colt, before he grayed out, Indraff had a blaze and a front stocking. Indraff was sold as a young horse to Donald Schutz, who kept him as a breeding stallion for a number of years before selling him to Bazy McCormick Miller, later Bazy Tankersley of Al-Marah Arabians. Schutz used the money to begin Schutz Brothers, a business manufacturing horse equipment, ran today by Schutz's son, Mitchell Schutz. Indraff was registered with the Arabian Horse Club Registry of America, the precursor to the Arabian Horse Association as number 1575. Indraff sired 254 purebred Arabian foals, and had over 2700 grandget. He was one of the foundation sires of the Al-Marah breeding program, one of the most prolific and influential farms in United States Arabian breeding circles. Indraff died on August 22, 1963.", "It had a strong cast including Louisa Swanborough as the Earl of Leicester, H. J. Turner as Mike Lambourne, Mrs. Charles Selby as Queen Elizabeth, Marie Wilton as Sir Walter Raleigh, Patty Oliver as Amy Robsart, Charlotte Saunders as Tressillian, John Clarke as Varney and James Bland as Wayland Smith; Bland was reputed to be the king of the burlesque actors. Leicester was later played by Maria Ternan. The burlesque that lived longest in the memories of old playgoers, according to Sherson, was Brough's, \"The Field of the Cloth of Gold\". Henry Jameson Turner was by far the longest serving actor at the Strand. His first appearances pre-dated the Swanboroughs. He moved from the Lyceum to the Strand in 1849, his first wife, Eleanor, and eldest daughter, Ellen, also appearing with him. He served under both Farren and Payne, and was in the Swanborough's first production. Turner also ran a theatrical agency. His final appearance was at a benefit for the Strand General Theatrical Fund (of which he had been treasurer) in April 1882. The first appearance of the popular pantomime character, Widow Twankey, played by James Rogers in Byron's version of \"Aladdin,\" took place at The Strand in 1861. Other successful works in the 1870s, included the hit operettas \"Madame Favart\" and \"Olivette\". It also hosted W. S. Gilbert and Frederic Clay's comic opera \"Princess Toto\" in 1876. The theatre was rebuilt in 1865, re-opening 18 November 1865, destroyed by fire on 21 October 1866 and again rebuilt. In 1882, the theatre was condemned as having inadequate fire precautions and closed on 29 July.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009."], "answer": {"text": "recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie.", "answer_start": 644}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#5", "question": "Were the actors paid well?", "rewrite": "Were the Victorian theatrical burlesque actors paid well?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pinchbottom Burlesque Pinchbottom is a theatrical burlesque company created by Jonny Porkpie and Nasty Canasta in 2004 and run by Porkpie since 2010. It is known for its brand of \"theater-burlesque fusion\" which presents \"full-length comedic play[s] in which performers take their clothes off in every other scene.\". The group was awarded the first-ever \"Most Innovative\" trophy for their performance at The Burlesque Hall of Fame in 2007, and named the \"Best Burlesque\" in New York by New York Magazine in 2007.", "Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Victorian burlesque  Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as travesty or extravaganza, is a genre of theatrical entertainment that was popular in Victorian England and in the New York theatre of the mid 19th century. It is a form of parody in which a well-known opera or piece of classical theatre or ballet is adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, usually risqu\u00e9 in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and often quoting or pastiching text or music from the original work. Victorian burlesque is one of several forms of burlesque. Like ballad opera, burlesques featured musical scores drawing on a wide range of music, from popular contemporary songs to operatic arias, although later burlesques, from the 1880s, sometimes featured original scores. Dance played an important part, and great attention was paid to the staging, costumes and other spectacular elements of stagecraft, as many of the pieces were staged as extravaganzas. Many of the male roles were played by actresses as breeches roles, to show off women's legs in tights, and some of the older female roles were taken by male actors. Originally short, one-act pieces, burlesques were later full-length shows, occupying most or all of an evening's programme. Authors who wrote burlesques included J. R. Planch\u00e9, H. J. Byron, G. R. Sims, F. C. Burnand, W. S. Gilbert and Fred Leslie. Burlesque theatre became popular around the beginning of the Victorian era. The word \"burlesque\" is derived from the Italian \"burla\", which means \"ridicule or mockery\".", "It had a strong cast including Louisa Swanborough as the Earl of Leicester, H. J. Turner as Mike Lambourne, Mrs. Charles Selby as Queen Elizabeth, Marie Wilton as Sir Walter Raleigh, Patty Oliver as Amy Robsart, Charlotte Saunders as Tressillian, John Clarke as Varney and James Bland as Wayland Smith; Bland was reputed to be the king of the burlesque actors. Leicester was later played by Maria Ternan. The burlesque that lived longest in the memories of old playgoers, according to Sherson, was Brough's, \"The Field of the Cloth of Gold\". Henry Jameson Turner was by far the longest serving actor at the Strand. His first appearances pre-dated the Swanboroughs. He moved from the Lyceum to the Strand in 1849, his first wife, Eleanor, and eldest daughter, Ellen, also appearing with him. He served under both Farren and Payne, and was in the Swanborough's first production. Turner also ran a theatrical agency. His final appearance was at a benefit for the Strand General Theatrical Fund (of which he had been treasurer) in April 1882. The first appearance of the popular pantomime character, Widow Twankey, played by James Rogers in Byron's version of \"Aladdin,\" took place at The Strand in 1861. Other successful works in the 1870s, included the hit operettas \"Madame Favart\" and \"Olivette\". It also hosted W. S. Gilbert and Frederic Clay's comic opera \"Princess Toto\" in 1876. The theatre was rebuilt in 1865, re-opening 18 November 1865, destroyed by fire on 21 October 1866 and again rebuilt. In 1882, the theatre was condemned as having inadequate fire precautions and closed on 29 July."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did some of the actors become famous?", "answer": {"text": "recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#6", "question": "What was most interesting about this article?", "rewrite": "What was most interesting about this article on Victorian theatrical burlesque?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009.", "Victorian burlesque  Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as travesty or extravaganza, is a genre of theatrical entertainment that was popular in Victorian England and in the New York theatre of the mid 19th century. It is a form of parody in which a well-known opera or piece of classical theatre or ballet is adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, usually risqu\u00e9 in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and often quoting or pastiching text or music from the original work. Victorian burlesque is one of several forms of burlesque. Like ballad opera, burlesques featured musical scores drawing on a wide range of music, from popular contemporary songs to operatic arias, although later burlesques, from the 1880s, sometimes featured original scores. Dance played an important part, and great attention was paid to the staging, costumes and other spectacular elements of stagecraft, as many of the pieces were staged as extravaganzas. Many of the male roles were played by actresses as breeches roles, to show off women's legs in tights, and some of the older female roles were taken by male actors. Originally short, one-act pieces, burlesques were later full-length shows, occupying most or all of an evening's programme. Authors who wrote burlesques included J. R. Planch\u00e9, H. J. Byron, G. R. Sims, F. C. Burnand, W. S. Gilbert and Fred Leslie. Burlesque theatre became popular around the beginning of the Victorian era. The word \"burlesque\" is derived from the Italian \"burla\", which means \"ridicule or mockery\".", "Pinchbottom Burlesque Pinchbottom is a theatrical burlesque company created by Jonny Porkpie and Nasty Canasta in 2004 and run by Porkpie since 2010. It is known for its brand of \"theater-burlesque fusion\" which presents \"full-length comedic play[s] in which performers take their clothes off in every other scene.\". The group was awarded the first-ever \"Most Innovative\" trophy for their performance at The Burlesque Hall of Fame in 2007, and named the \"Best Burlesque\" in New York by New York Magazine in 2007.", "Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act."], "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque related to and in part derived from traditional English pantomime \"with the addition of gags and 'turns'.\"", "answer_start": 873}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did some of the actors become famous?", "answer": {"text": "recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were the actors paid well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#7", "question": "Were the actors in burlesque silent?", "rewrite": "Were the actors in Victorian theatrical burlesque silent?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009.", "Pinchbottom Burlesque Pinchbottom is a theatrical burlesque company created by Jonny Porkpie and Nasty Canasta in 2004 and run by Porkpie since 2010. It is known for its brand of \"theater-burlesque fusion\" which presents \"full-length comedic play[s] in which performers take their clothes off in every other scene.\". The group was awarded the first-ever \"Most Innovative\" trophy for their performance at The Burlesque Hall of Fame in 2007, and named the \"Best Burlesque\" in New York by New York Magazine in 2007.", "Victorian burlesque  Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as travesty or extravaganza, is a genre of theatrical entertainment that was popular in Victorian England and in the New York theatre of the mid 19th century. It is a form of parody in which a well-known opera or piece of classical theatre or ballet is adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, usually risqu\u00e9 in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and often quoting or pastiching text or music from the original work. Victorian burlesque is one of several forms of burlesque. Like ballad opera, burlesques featured musical scores drawing on a wide range of music, from popular contemporary songs to operatic arias, although later burlesques, from the 1880s, sometimes featured original scores. Dance played an important part, and great attention was paid to the staging, costumes and other spectacular elements of stagecraft, as many of the pieces were staged as extravaganzas. Many of the male roles were played by actresses as breeches roles, to show off women's legs in tights, and some of the older female roles were taken by male actors. Originally short, one-act pieces, burlesques were later full-length shows, occupying most or all of an evening's programme. Authors who wrote burlesques included J. R. Planch\u00e9, H. J. Byron, G. R. Sims, F. C. Burnand, W. S. Gilbert and Fred Leslie. Burlesque theatre became popular around the beginning of the Victorian era. The word \"burlesque\" is derived from the Italian \"burla\", which means \"ridicule or mockery\"."], "answer": {"text": "The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets,", "answer_start": 1450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did some of the actors become famous?", "answer": {"text": "recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were the actors paid well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was most interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque related to and in part derived from traditional English pantomime \"with the addition of gags and 'turns'.\"", "answer_start": 873, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#8", "question": "What else was unique about burlesque during this time?", "rewrite": "In addition to Victorian theatrical burlesque dialogue being generally written in rhyming couplets, what else was unique about burlesque during the Victorian era?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Couplet A couplet is a pair of successive lines of metre in poetry. A couplet usually consists of two successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open). In a formal (or closed) couplet, each of the two lines is end-stopped, implying that there is a grammatical pause at the end of a line of verse. In a run-on (or open) couplet, the meaning of the first line continues to the second. The word \"couplet\" comes from the French word meaning \"two pieces of iron riveted or hinged together. \" The term \"couplet\" was first used to describe successive lines of verse in Sir P. Sidney's \" Arcadia \" in 1590: \"In singing some short coplets, whereto the one halfe beginning, the other halfe should answere.\" While couplets traditionally rhyme, not all do. Poems may use white space to mark out couplets if they do not rhyme. Couplets in iambic pentameter are called \"heroic couplets\". John Dryden in the 17th century and Alexander Pope in the 18th century were both well known for their writing in heroic couplets. The Poetic epigram is also in the couplet form. Couplets can also appear as part of more complex rhyme schemes, such as sonnets. Rhyming couplets are one of the simplest rhyme schemes in poetry. Because the rhyme comes so quickly, it tends to call attention to itself. Good rhyming couplets tend to \"explode\" as both the rhyme and the idea come to a quick close in two lines. Here are some examples of rhyming couplets where the sense as well as the sound \"rhymes\":", "On the other hand, because rhyming couplets have such a predictable rhyme scheme, they can feel artificial and plodding. Here is a Pope parody of the predictable rhymes of his era: Rhyming couplets are often used in Early Modern English poetry, as seen in Chaucer's \"The Canterbury Tales\". This work of literature is written almost entirely in rhyming couplets. Similarly, Shakespearean sonnets often employ rhyming couplets at the end to emphasize the theme. Take one of Shakespeare's most famous sonnets, Sonnet 18, for example (the rhyming couplet is shown in italics):  Chinese couplets or \"contrapuntal couplets\" may be seen on doorways in Chinese communities worldwide. Couplets displayed as part of the Chinese New Year festival, on the first morning of the New Year, are called \"chunlian\" (\u6625\u8054). These are usually purchased at a market a few days before and glued to the doorframe. The text of the couplets is often traditional and contains hopes for prosperity. Other chunlian reflect more recent concerns. For example, the CCTV New Year's Gala usually promotes couplets reflecting current political themes in mainland China. Some Chinese couplets may consist of two lines of four characters each. Couplets are read from top to bottom where the first pline starts from the right. But is also a 6 word diagraph with 19 lines Tamil literature contains some of the best known examples of ancient couplet poetry. The Tamil language has a rich and refined grammar for couplet poetry, and distichs in Tamil poetry follow the venpa metre.", "An 1859 burlesque of \"Romeo and Juliet\" contained 23 musical numbers, some from opera, such as the serenade from \"Don Pasquale\", and some from traditional airs and popular songs of the day including \"Buffalo Gals\", and \"Nix my Dolly\". The dialogue for burlesques was generally written in rhyming couplets, or, less often, in other verse forms, such as blank verse; it was notable for its bad puns. For example, in \"Faust up to Date\" (1888), a couplet reads: According to \"Grove\", although \"an almost indispensable element of burlesque was the display of attractive women dressed in tights, often in travesty roles ... the plays themselves did not normally tend to indecency.\" Some contemporary critics took a sterner view; in an 1885 article, the critic Thomas Heyward praised Planch\u00e9 (\"fanciful and elegant\") and Gilbert (\"witty, never vulgar\"), but wrote of the genre as a whole, \"the flashy, 'leggy', burlesque, with its 'slangy' songs, loutish 'breakdowns', vulgar jests, paltry puns and witless grimacing at all that is graceful and poetic is simply odious. \u2026 Burlesque, insensate, spiritless and undiscriminating, demoralizes both the audience and the players. It debases the public taste.\" Gilbert expressed his own views on the worth of burlesque: The question whether burlesque has a claim to rank as art is, I think, one of degree. Bad burlesque is as far removed from true art as is a bad picture. But burlesque in its higher development calls for high intellectual power on the part of its professors.", "The term \"burlesque\" more generally means a literary, dramatic or musical work intended to cause laughter by caricaturing the manner or spirit of serious works, or by ludicrous treatment of their subjects. Burlesque in literature and in theatre through the 19th century was intentionally ridiculous in that it imitated several styles and combined imitations of certain authors and artists with absurd descriptions. Burlesque depended on the reader's (or listener's) knowledge of the subject to make its intended effect, and a high degree of literacy was taken for granted. Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres between the 1830s and the 1890s. It took the form of musical theatre parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, often risqu\u00e9 in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and quoting or pastiching text or music from the original work. The comedy often stemmed from the incongruity and absurdity of the classical subjects, with realistic historical dress and settings, being juxtaposed with the modern activities portrayed by the actors. The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets, liberally peppered with bad puns. A typical example from a burlesque of \"Macbeth\": Macbeth and Banquo enter under an umbrella, and the witches greet them with \"Hail! hail! hail!\" Macbeth asks Banquo, \"What mean these salutations, noble thane?\" and is told, \"These showers of 'Hail' anticipate your 'reign'\".", "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres between the 1830s and the 1890s. It took the form of musical theatre parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, often risque in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and quoting or pastiching text or music from the original work. The comedy often stemmed from the incongruity and absurdity of the classical subjects, with realistic historical dress and settings, being juxtaposed with the modern activities portrayed by the actors. Madame Vestris produced burlesques at the Olympic Theatre beginning in 1831 with Olympic Revels by J. R. Planche. Other authors of burlesques included H. J. Byron, G. R. Sims, F. C. Burnand, W. S. Gilbert and Fred Leslie. Victorian burlesque related to and in part derived from traditional English pantomime \"with the addition of gags and 'turns'.\" In the early burlesques, following the example of ballad opera, the words of the songs were written to popular music; later burlesques mixed the music of opera, operetta, music hall and revue, and some of the more ambitious shows had original music composed for them. This English style of burlesque was successfully introduced to New York in the 1840s. Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera. The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets, liberally peppered with bad puns. A typical example from a burlesque of Macbeth: Macbeth and Banquo enter under an umbrella, and the witches greet them with \"Hail! hail! hail!\""], "answer": {"text": "Burlesque became the speciality of certain London theatres, including the Gaiety and Royal Strand Theatre from the 1860s to the early 1890s.", "answer_start": 312}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did some of the actors become famous?", "answer": {"text": "recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were the actors paid well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was most interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque related to and in part derived from traditional English pantomime \"with the addition of gags and 'turns'.\"", "answer_start": 873, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were the actors in burlesque silent?", "answer": {"text": "The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets,", "answer_start": 1450, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#9", "question": "When did it stop being popular?", "rewrite": "When did Victorian theatrical burlesque stop being popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009.", "Victorian burlesque  Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as travesty or extravaganza, is a genre of theatrical entertainment that was popular in Victorian England and in the New York theatre of the mid 19th century. It is a form of parody in which a well-known opera or piece of classical theatre or ballet is adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play, usually risqu\u00e9 in style, mocking the theatrical and musical conventions and styles of the original work, and often quoting or pastiching text or music from the original work. Victorian burlesque is one of several forms of burlesque. Like ballad opera, burlesques featured musical scores drawing on a wide range of music, from popular contemporary songs to operatic arias, although later burlesques, from the 1880s, sometimes featured original scores. Dance played an important part, and great attention was paid to the staging, costumes and other spectacular elements of stagecraft, as many of the pieces were staged as extravaganzas. Many of the male roles were played by actresses as breeches roles, to show off women's legs in tights, and some of the older female roles were taken by male actors. Originally short, one-act pieces, burlesques were later full-length shows, occupying most or all of an evening's programme. Authors who wrote burlesques included J. R. Planch\u00e9, H. J. Byron, G. R. Sims, F. C. Burnand, W. S. Gilbert and Fred Leslie. Burlesque theatre became popular around the beginning of the Victorian era. The word \"burlesque\" is derived from the Italian \"burla\", which means \"ridicule or mockery\".", "Pinchbottom Burlesque Pinchbottom is a theatrical burlesque company created by Jonny Porkpie and Nasty Canasta in 2004 and run by Porkpie since 2010. It is known for its brand of \"theater-burlesque fusion\" which presents \"full-length comedic play[s] in which performers take their clothes off in every other scene.\". The group was awarded the first-ever \"Most Innovative\" trophy for their performance at The Burlesque Hall of Fame in 2007, and named the \"Best Burlesque\" in New York by New York Magazine in 2007.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act."], "answer": {"text": "In the early 1890s, these burlesques went out of fashion in London,", "answer_start": 884}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did some of the actors become famous?", "answer": {"text": "recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were the actors paid well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was most interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque related to and in part derived from traditional English pantomime \"with the addition of gags and 'turns'.\"", "answer_start": 873, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were the actors in burlesque silent?", "answer": {"text": "The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets,", "answer_start": 1450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was unique about burlesque during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Burlesque became the speciality of certain London theatres, including the Gaiety and Royal Strand Theatre from the 1860s to the early 1890s.", "answer_start": 312, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_af5ace0e54e44e05b4de6c976e6f8035_0_q#10", "question": "Why did they go out of fashion?", "rewrite": "Why did Victorian theatrical burlesque go out of fashion in the early 1890s?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jonny Porkpie Jonny Porkpie (born 1974) is a New York City-based writer, director, and performer in neo-burlesque. So called for his pork pie hat, Jonny Porkpie writes theatrical burlesque shows as part of his production company, Pinchbottom, as well as solo productions under the title \"Porkpie International\" and is the creator and host of the touring burlesque-tinged game show Grab My Junk, which has toured the United States, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, and England. His work has been touted in \"New York Magazine\" as the \"best burlesque\" in the city. He has of late been highlighted as a pivotal player in New York City's burlesque renaissance in media covering the phenomenon. Porkpie's claim that he is the Burlesque Mayor of New York City has recently been validated by the press. In 2010, New York Press named him New York's \"Best Naked Impresario\". He was born in New York City, is an Ivy League graduate with a degree in Visual Art who is of Dutch/Jewish ancestry, and is a member of an old theatrical family. Porkpie was married to Nasty Canasta, a fixture in the City's burlesque circuit; the two later divorced. On August 3, 2009, he announced his candidacy for \"actual\" mayor of New York City, targeting \"The Naked Cowboy\" as his main opponent. He lost. He is the author of \"The Corpse Wore Pasties,\" a burlesque murder mystery which was released by Hard Case Crime in December 2009.", "Aristophanes, Rabelais, Geo Cruikshank, the authors of the \"Rejected Addresses\", John Leech, Planch\u00e9 were all in their respective lines professors of true burlesque. In his 1859 Longfellow burlesque \"Hi-A-Wa-Tha\", the American playwright Charles Walcot encapsulated the character of burlesque in the epilogue, addressed to the audience by Mrs. John Wood as Minnehaha: In a similar vein, ten years later, Gilbert gave an English viewpoint on burlesque, in his epilogue to \"The Pretty Druidess\": Actresses in burlesque would often play breeches roles, which were male roles played by women; likewise, men eventually began to play older female roles. These reversals allowed viewers to distance themselves from the morality of the play, focusing more on joy and entertainment than catharsis, a definitive shift away from neoclassical ideas. The depiction of female sexuality in Victorian burlesque was an example of the connection between women as performers and women as sexual objects in Victorian culture. Throughout the history of theatre the participation of women on stage has been questioned. Victorian culture, according to Buszek in 2012, viewed paid female performance as being closely associated with prostitution, \u201ca profession in which most women in the theatre dabbled, if not took on as a primary source of income.\u201d Burlesque became the specialty of London's Royal Strand Theatre and Gaiety Theatre from the 1860s to the early 1890s. In the 1860s and 1870s, burlesques were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "Macbeth asks Banquo, \"What mean these salutations, noble thane?\" and is told, \"These showers of 'Hail' anticipate your 'reign'\". A staple of burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risque. Burlesque became the speciality of certain London theatres, including the Gaiety and Royal Strand Theatre from the 1860s to the early 1890s. Until the 1870s, burlesques were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie. From about 1880, Victorian burlesques grew longer, until they were a whole evening's entertainment rather than part of a double- or triple-bill. In the early 1890s, these burlesques went out of fashion in London, and the focus of the Gaiety and other burlesque theatres changed to the new more wholesome but less literary genre of Edwardian musical comedy.", "Pinchbottom Burlesque Pinchbottom is a theatrical burlesque company created by Jonny Porkpie and Nasty Canasta in 2004 and run by Porkpie since 2010. It is known for its brand of \"theater-burlesque fusion\" which presents \"full-length comedic play[s] in which performers take their clothes off in every other scene.\". The group was awarded the first-ever \"Most Innovative\" trophy for their performance at The Burlesque Hall of Fame in 2007, and named the \"Best Burlesque\" in New York by New York Magazine in 2007.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities."], "answer": {"text": "London, and the focus of the Gaiety and other burlesque theatres changed to the new more wholesome but less literary genre of Edwardian musical comedy.", "answer_start": 944}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Victorian era burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque, sometimes known as \"travesty\" or \"extravaganza\", was popular in London theatres", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some elements of these shows?", "answer": {"text": "parody in which a well-known opera, play or ballet was adapted into a broad comic play, usually a musical play,", "answer_start": 170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these shows popular with the public?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the most frequent subjects for burlesque were the plays of Shakespeare and grand opera.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any performances especially popular?", "answer": {"text": "were often one-act pieces running less than an hour and using pastiches and parodies of popular songs, opera arias and other music that the audience would readily recognize.", "answer_start": 481, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did some of the actors become famous?", "answer": {"text": "recognize. The house stars included Nellie Farren, John D'Auban, Edward Terry and Fred Leslie.", "answer_start": 644, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were the actors paid well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was most interesting about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Victorian burlesque related to and in part derived from traditional English pantomime \"with the addition of gags and 'turns'.\"", "answer_start": 873, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were the actors in burlesque silent?", "answer": {"text": "The dialogue was generally written in rhyming couplets,", "answer_start": 1450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was unique about burlesque during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Burlesque became the speciality of certain London theatres, including the Gaiety and Royal Strand Theatre from the 1860s to the early 1890s.", "answer_start": 312, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did it stop being popular?", "answer": {"text": "In the early 1890s, these burlesques went out of fashion in London,", "answer_start": 884, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "rewrite": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World."], "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#1", "question": "DId she show an interest in music at an early age?", "rewrite": "DId Teena Marie show an interest in music at an early age?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["I still look back on her choice with sadness and wonder about our baby, and how having that child might have changed me life.\" His hit song \"Cold Blooded\" was about his relationship with Blair. \"It was about how Linda could freeze my blood,\" he wrote in his memoir. In 1989, James met 17-year-old party-goer Tanya Hijazi. The two began a romance in 1990. In 1993, the couple had their only child and James's youngest, Tazman. Following their respective releases from prison for assaulting Mary Sauger and Frances Alley, the couple married in 1996 and divorced in 2002. James was very close with Teena Marie, whom he met and began collaborating with in 1979. Teena Marie stated they were romantically involved for 3 months and engaged \"for two weeks\". Their professional partnership lasted into 2004, when Marie released her comeback album, \"La Do\u00f1a\", which included her and James's duet \"I Got You\". When James died, Teena Marie said she struggled to come to terms with his death. James became close friends with Eddie Murphy after the two met in 1981. Following his exit from the United States Navy in 1984, Murphy's older brother Charlie Murphy, whose first post-Navy job was working as security for his brother, began spending time with James, and he bonded with the singer. Murphy would later recall on \"Chappelle's Show\" his sometimes strained relationship with James, which helped to revive James's name in the public eye after years of seclusion following his stroke in 1998. James also appeared in the episode recounting his memory of the experiences shared with Murphy, such as starting impromptu fights with him and staining Murphy's couch with mud. James was good friends with actress Debbie Allen.", "Jill Jones Jill Jones (born July 11, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter, who performed as a backing vocalist for Teena Marie and Prince in the 1980s. Jones was born in Lebanon, Ohio on July 11, 1962. Her mother, a fashion model, is of African American and Native American heritage, and her father, a jazz drummer, is Italian. Jones was raised mostly by her grandparents, until relocating to Los Angeles when her mother remarried. She began a singing career at age 15 as a backup vocalist for Teena Marie, whom her mother managed. Today, she maintains her own fan pages on Myspace and Facebook. Highlights from her early career include various collaborative works with Prince in the 1980s and 1990s, including a collaborative debut released under her own name. Since 2001, she has released three acoustic and dance albums, with 2009's \"Living for the Weekend\" being her most recent album. Jones met Prince in 1980 at age 18, when Teena Marie was the opening act during his \"Dirty Mind\" tour. Prince loved her voice, encouraged her to sing, and stayed in touch with Jones. She became a backup vocalist for Prince when he invited her to the Sunset Sound recording studios in 1982, to sing backing vocals for several tracks on the album \"1999\". She was credited under just her initials J.J. She also was featured in music videos for the songs \"1999\" and \"Little Red Corvette\", as well as extended rarely aired music video for \"Automatic\", and then joined the tour for \"1999\" to sing backing vocals with the Prince side-project Vanity 6. After the tour, she moved to Minneapolis and became Prince's on-and-off again girlfriend.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country."], "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat", "answer_start": 383}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#2", "question": "Where did she perform Banana Boat?", "rewrite": "Where did Teena Marie perform Banana Boat?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Even though the Iceland project never came to pass, and Jack Steward eventually ceased to exist in 1994, Maciej J\u0119drzejko invited Pawe\u0142 Konieczny, Aleksander Kleszcz and Karol Wierzbicki of the ex-Jack Steward's line-up to help form a new group, which, since 1994, already as an a cappella quartet, adopted the name of Banana Boat. Thus formed, Banana Boat made its debut on the stage of the 1994 Tratwa Festival in Katowice and, subsequently, it gained its early recognition by winning (among others) the Commander Zbyszek Sowi\u0144ski Award (Tratwa'94), the Main Prize of the 1994 edition of the Prosiak Festival and, importantly, an honorary mention of the jury of the 1996 edition of the prestigious Shanties Festival in Cracow, Poland. In the years 1996-1998, the group - whose members, by then, had commenced their university education - suspended its activity, only to return to the maritime stages of Poland by the end of 1998. At this stage, Banana Boat made its name as an a cappella quintet, which - reinforced by the former bass singer of the famous Polish group North Cape, Piotr \"Qdy\u015b\" Wi\u015bniewski - transformed into the present-day sextet at the turn of 2008 and 2009. Since 1998, the group has been awarded the most important prizes of the Polish festivals of maritime music, recorded three albums and a toplist single, and participated in numerous collective projects. Currently, Banana Boat gives concerts and recitals in Europe and outside of it, performing both for the audiences of small-audience clubs and those of large international festivals. Today, Banana Boat consists of the following musicians: The present-day Banana Boat members are active yachtsmen:", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Banana Boat Team The Banana Boat Team, Banana Boat Squad or Banana Boat Crew is a hypothetical pop culture NBA superteam, consisting of LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, Carmelo Anthony, and Chris Paul. The Banana Boat team first formed after a photo surfaced of James, Wade, Paul, and Wade's wife Gabrielle Union on vacation in 2015. Anthony, while not featured in the picture, was on vacation with them at the time, and is considered the 'fourth member' of the Banana Boat Team. The four NBA superstars have been friends since they were children, and have consistently gone on vacation together. They also played together on the 2008 Olympic Gold Medal team. In the summer of 2010, James and Wade teamed up on the Miami Heat. They won 2 NBA Titles with the Miami Heat. Chris Bosh was also a member of this team, forming what many referred to as the \"Big Three\". In the summer of 2016, Wade posted on Snapchat that \u2018The Banana Boys are reunited.' Snapchat gave the group their own \"Banana Boys\" Snapchat filter. That same year, James expressed great interest in forming the superteam in Los Angeles with the Lakers. Chris Paul also expressed interest in forming the team. LeBron was quoted saying \u201cI really hope that, before our career is over, we can all play together,\" creating many rumors of the possibility of a superteam playing together. In the 2017 NBA offseason, James and Wade joined forces in Cleveland. Chris Paul was traded to the Houston Rockets, and Carmelo Anthony was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder. On July 23, 2018, Anthony agreed to join Paul on the Rockets after signing a one-year deal at the veteran's minimum of $2.4 million.", "Pawe\u0142 J\u0119drzejko (formerly a professional navigator), holds an ocean-going yachtmaster's licence; his younger brother Maciej, the group's founder, is an ocean skipper, while other Banana Boat members all hold offshore licenses, which largely contributes to the positive reception of the Banana Boat songs. Professionally, the Banana Boat musicians represent such disciplines as medicine and dentistry, banking and law, trade and academic literary and culture studies. Apart from numerous concerts in Poland, Banana Boat has performed in the Czech Republic (Fulnek), in Italy (Ravenna), in France (Paimpol; Chateau-Thierry, Ess\u00f4mes-sur-Marne, Bugueles, Douarnenez, Brest, Orl\u00e9ans, L'\u00eele d'Ol\u00e9ron) , in Ireland (Cork/Cobh), in the United States (New York, Bay City), in the Netherlands (Appingedam; Oudewater; Rotterdam), in Belgium (Mouscron) and in Germany (Bremen-Vegesack) and many other locations. As a member of ISSA, the group collaborates with international artists associated within the organization. In 2008, songs by Banana Boat were published on albums of a collective charity project \"Lafitte's Return\" (USA). Banana Boat's music has been broadcast by numerous radio stations in Europe and beyond. In the beginning of the year 2009 the group has finalized miniproject entitled \"A Little A Cappella - Polish-Irish Harmony\" in partnership with the Irish star of the musical stage, Eleanor McEvoy. The song \"Little Look,\" (written and composed by Eleanor McEvoy and arranged by Tomasz Czarny) entered the most prestigious Polish hitlist, Lista Przeboj\u00f3w Programu Trzeciego, immediately after the single had been released."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId she show an interest in music at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#3", "question": "Who were her parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Teena Marie's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "Mary Christine, or Tina as she was called, was the daughter of construction worker Thomas Leslie Brockert and his wife, home renovator Mary Anne.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId she show an interest in music at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she perform Banana Boat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#4", "question": "Did they encourage her music?", "rewrite": "Did  Thomas Leslie Brockert and Mary Anne encourage Teena Marie to pursue music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mary Christine, or Tina as she was called, was the daughter of construction worker Thomas Leslie Brockert and his wife, home renovator Mary Anne. She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif. Her ethnic heritage was Portuguese, Italian, Irish, and American Indian. In 2005, while visiting Louisiana, she had discovered that her paternal ancestors once lived in New Orleans. She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two. She also developed a fondness for singing Motown songs, and her self-professed \"gift from God\" would become fine-tuned as the years progressed. When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies, credited as Tina Marie Brockert. She also sang at the wedding of Jerry Lewis' son when she was 10 years old. Reared in a Roman Catholic household, she learned to play the piano under the tutelage of two nuns, and later taught herself the guitar, bass, and congas. She would go on to form a semi-professional R&B band with her younger brother Anthony and their cousin. In the early 1970s, after the family moved to Venice, Los Angeles, Brockert spent her adolescent years in the historically black Venice enclave of Oakwood, nicknamed \"Venice Harlem\". There, she would acquire a strong spiritual influence from neighborhood matriarch Berthalynn Jackson, a black woman who would become her godmother. While attending Venice High School, Brockert joined the Summer Dance Production and was the female lead in the school's production of The Music Man. She also fronted a local Venice rock band \"Truvair\" in 1974-1975; the band's members were her high school classmates.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Irons in the Fire  Irons in the Fire is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released on July 6, 1980 by Motown. Her first self produced effort, it was dedicated to her father, Thomas Leslie Brockert (1919-1976). It received positive reviews on its release. In a 2009 interview she named it as her personal favourite of all her albums. \"Irons in the Fire\" peaked at #9 on the Black Albums chart and #38 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"I Need Your Lovin'\" peaked at #9 on the US Black Singles chart and #37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It also reached #28 in the United Kingdom, making it Marie's second and last top 30 single in that country. In addition, along with the track \"Chains\", \"I Need Your Lovin'\" peaked at number two for two weeks on the dance charts. All songs were written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Technical In 2000, pop singer Sheena Easton covered \"I Need Your Lovin\" as a bonus track on her Disco album \"Fabulous\" for the Japanese market. The Cover Girls, Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam and Curiosity Killed The Cat also covered Teena's song I Need Your Lovin...", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions", "answer_start": 616}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId she show an interest in music at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she perform Banana Boat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Mary Christine, or Tina as she was called, was the daughter of construction worker Thomas Leslie Brockert and his wife, home renovator Mary Anne.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#5", "question": "What was one of the places she auditioned?", "rewrite": "What was one of the places Teena Marie auditioned?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country."], "answer": {"text": "an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 728}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId she show an interest in music at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she perform Banana Boat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Mary Christine, or Tina as she was called, was the daughter of construction worker Thomas Leslie Brockert and his wife, home renovator Mary Anne.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they encourage her music?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#6", "question": "Did she get the role?", "rewrite": "Did Teena Marie get the role in The Beverly Hillbillies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Money for Nothing/ Beverly Hillbillies * \"Money for Nothing /Beverly Hillbillies*\" is a song by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic. It is a cover of \"Money for Nothing\" by Dire Straits with the lyrics replaced by those of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" theme song. The music video, which appeared as part of Yankovic's film \"UHF\", is a parody of the \"Money for Nothing\" music video. The song features Dire Straits members Mark Knopfler on guitar and Guy Fletcher on synthesizer, Knopfler's one condition for allowing the parody. Jim West, Yankovic's own guitarist, then practiced the song for weeks. As a result of that and because Knopfler had become more relaxed after having played it for several years, West's version sounded more like the original version. The song is credited to Mark Knopfler and Sting (writers of the original \"Money for Nothing\") and Paul Henning (writer of \"The Ballad of Jed Clampett\"). Originally the title of the song was going to be simply \"Beverly Hillbillies\"; however, the title of the song was changed to \"Money for Nothing /Beverly Hillbillies*\" (with an asterisk), and it is legally copyrighted and registered as such. Yankovic commented on the legal complications with the titling of the song in the DVD audio commentary for the film \"UHF\", explaining: \"We had to name that song 'Money for Nothing \"slash\" Beverly Hillbillies \"asterisk\"' because the lawyers told us that had to be the name. Those wacky lawyers! Whatcha gonna do? \" Yankovic also gave the following comment on his official website in regards to the title: \"That incredibly stupid name is what the lawyers insisted that the parody be listed as.", "\"The Legend of The Beverly Hillbillies\" special ignored several plot twists of the TV movie, notably Jethro was now not a film director, but a leading Los Angeles physician. Critter-loving Elly May was still in California with her animals, but Jed was back home in the Hills, having lost his fortune, stolen by the now-imprisoned banker Drysdale. Nancy Kulp had died in 1991 and was little referred to beyond the multitude of film clips that dotted the special. The special was released on VHS tape by CBS/Fox Video in 1995 and as a bonus feature on the Official Third Season DVD Set in 2009. \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" is still televised daily around the world in syndication. In the United States, the show is broadcast currently on MeTV, and was previously on TBS Superstation, Nick at Nite, TV Land, Hallmark Channel, and Superstation WGN. A limited number of episodes from the earlier portions of the series run have turned up in the public domain and as such are seen occasionally on many smaller networks such as Retro TV and MyFamily TV. MeTV Network airs \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" Monday-Saturday at 7 A.M. The show is distributed by CBS Television Distribution, the syndication arm of CBS Television Studios and the CBS network. It was previously distributed by CBS Films, Viacom Enterprises, Paramount Domestic Television, and CBS Paramount Domestic Television (all through corporate changes involving TV distribution rights to the early CBS library). The repeats of the show that debuted on CBS Daytime on September 5\u20139, 1966, as \"Mornin' Beverly Hillbillies\" through September 10, 1971 and on September 13\u201317, 1971 as \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" lasted up to winter 1971\u201372. It aired at 11:00\u201311:30 am", "Return of the Beverly Hillbillies  Return of the Beverly Hillbillies (also known as Beverly Hillbillies Solve the Energy Crisis) is a 1981 American made-for-television comedy film based on the 1962\u20131971 sitcom \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" which reunited original cast members Buddy Ebsen, Donna Douglas and Nancy Kulp reprising their characters of Jed Clampett, Elly May Clampett and Jane Hathaway, along with newcomers Werner Klemperer as C.D. Medford, Ray Young as Jethro Bodine and Imogene Coca as Granny's 100-year-old mother; noticeably absent are cast members Irene Ryan (Granny) and Raymond Bailey (Milburn Drysdale), who had died in 1973 and 1980 respectively, and Max Baer Jr. (the original Jethro) who declined to participate. The film was produced and written by original series creator Paul Henning and was intended as a pilot for a proposed revival of the series, but this never materialized. \"Return of the Beverly Hillbillies\" premiered as \"The CBS Tuesday Night Movie\" on October 6, 1981. Following the death of Granny, Jed Clampett returned to his roots to live in a backwoods cabin in the town of Bug Tussle rather than living alone at his Beverly Hills mansion after having voluntarily divided his massive fortune between daughter Elly May and nephew Jethro Bodine, both of whom have remained on the West Coast (Jethro is now a successful Hollywood producer running his own movie studio and Elly May has opened a zoo for her beloved critters). Jane Hathaway, once the personal secretary of banker Mr. Milburn Drysdale of the Commerce Bank of Beverly Hills, is now a Washington bureaucrat working for the Department of Energy.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "When ABC tried to prevent him from making the film, he sued and won a judgment of more than US$2 million. He directed the 1979 comedy \"Hometown U.S.A.\" before retiring to his home at Lake Tahoe, Nevada. He continues to make occasional guest appearances on television. Baer has said that playing Jethro Bodine undermined his acting career. When Paul Henning asked him to reprise the role for a 1981 television movie, he declined. Yet when the feature film \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" was made 22 years later, reports cited Baer's dissatisfaction that only Ebsen was asked to do a cameo. He appeared in the 1993 television special \" The Legend of the Beverly Hillbillies\", reprising his role as Jethro. By 2004, Baer had recognized the marketability of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" and appeared with actress Donna Douglas at the annual TV Land Awards. In 1985, Baer began investigating the gambling industry. He noted that tourists paid a US$5 to US$6 admission to tour the \"\"Ponderosa Ranch\"\", which was the location for filming some episodes of TV's \"Bonanza\". There was nothing to see but a working cattle ranch, but people enjoyed it because of the \"Bonanza\" connection. Baer decided that tourists would also pay for something dealing with \"The Beverly Hillbillies\". He began using his Jethro Bodine role as a marketing opportunity toward the gambling and hotel industry. Baer obtained the sublicensing rights, including food and beverage rights, to \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" from CBS in 1991. His business partner estimates the cost of obtaining the rights and developing the ideas has been US$1 million. Sixty-five \"Beverly Hillbillies\" slot machines were built in 1999 and placed in 10 casinos."], "answer": {"text": "her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies, credited as Tina Marie Brockert.", "answer_start": 646}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId she show an interest in music at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she perform Banana Boat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Mary Christine, or Tina as she was called, was the daughter of construction worker Thomas Leslie Brockert and his wife, home renovator Mary Anne.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they encourage her music?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of the places she auditioned?", "answer": {"text": "an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_633b3b3a8bf44ac4a89212c5d58ee2c3_1_q#7", "question": "Did she do any other acting?", "rewrite": "In addition to the acting role in 'The Beverly Hillbillies', did Teena Marie do any other acting?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"The Legend of The Beverly Hillbillies\" special ignored several plot twists of the TV movie, notably Jethro was now not a film director, but a leading Los Angeles physician. Critter-loving Elly May was still in California with her animals, but Jed was back home in the Hills, having lost his fortune, stolen by the now-imprisoned banker Drysdale. Nancy Kulp had died in 1991 and was little referred to beyond the multitude of film clips that dotted the special. The special was released on VHS tape by CBS/Fox Video in 1995 and as a bonus feature on the Official Third Season DVD Set in 2009. \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" is still televised daily around the world in syndication. In the United States, the show is broadcast currently on MeTV, and was previously on TBS Superstation, Nick at Nite, TV Land, Hallmark Channel, and Superstation WGN. A limited number of episodes from the earlier portions of the series run have turned up in the public domain and as such are seen occasionally on many smaller networks such as Retro TV and MyFamily TV. MeTV Network airs \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" Monday-Saturday at 7 A.M. The show is distributed by CBS Television Distribution, the syndication arm of CBS Television Studios and the CBS network. It was previously distributed by CBS Films, Viacom Enterprises, Paramount Domestic Television, and CBS Paramount Domestic Television (all through corporate changes involving TV distribution rights to the early CBS library). The repeats of the show that debuted on CBS Daytime on September 5\u20139, 1966, as \"Mornin' Beverly Hillbillies\" through September 10, 1971 and on September 13\u201317, 1971 as \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" lasted up to winter 1971\u201372. It aired at 11:00\u201311:30 am", "When ABC tried to prevent him from making the film, he sued and won a judgment of more than US$2 million. He directed the 1979 comedy \"Hometown U.S.A.\" before retiring to his home at Lake Tahoe, Nevada. He continues to make occasional guest appearances on television. Baer has said that playing Jethro Bodine undermined his acting career. When Paul Henning asked him to reprise the role for a 1981 television movie, he declined. Yet when the feature film \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" was made 22 years later, reports cited Baer's dissatisfaction that only Ebsen was asked to do a cameo. He appeared in the 1993 television special \" The Legend of the Beverly Hillbillies\", reprising his role as Jethro. By 2004, Baer had recognized the marketability of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" and appeared with actress Donna Douglas at the annual TV Land Awards. In 1985, Baer began investigating the gambling industry. He noted that tourists paid a US$5 to US$6 admission to tour the \"\"Ponderosa Ranch\"\", which was the location for filming some episodes of TV's \"Bonanza\". There was nothing to see but a working cattle ranch, but people enjoyed it because of the \"Bonanza\" connection. Baer decided that tourists would also pay for something dealing with \"The Beverly Hillbillies\". He began using his Jethro Bodine role as a marketing opportunity toward the gambling and hotel industry. Baer obtained the sublicensing rights, including food and beverage rights, to \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" from CBS in 1991. His business partner estimates the cost of obtaining the rights and developing the ideas has been US$1 million. Sixty-five \"Beverly Hillbillies\" slot machines were built in 1999 and placed in 10 casinos.", "Money for Nothing/ Beverly Hillbillies * \"Money for Nothing /Beverly Hillbillies*\" is a song by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic. It is a cover of \"Money for Nothing\" by Dire Straits with the lyrics replaced by those of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" theme song. The music video, which appeared as part of Yankovic's film \"UHF\", is a parody of the \"Money for Nothing\" music video. The song features Dire Straits members Mark Knopfler on guitar and Guy Fletcher on synthesizer, Knopfler's one condition for allowing the parody. Jim West, Yankovic's own guitarist, then practiced the song for weeks. As a result of that and because Knopfler had become more relaxed after having played it for several years, West's version sounded more like the original version. The song is credited to Mark Knopfler and Sting (writers of the original \"Money for Nothing\") and Paul Henning (writer of \"The Ballad of Jed Clampett\"). Originally the title of the song was going to be simply \"Beverly Hillbillies\"; however, the title of the song was changed to \"Money for Nothing /Beverly Hillbillies*\" (with an asterisk), and it is legally copyrighted and registered as such. Yankovic commented on the legal complications with the titling of the song in the DVD audio commentary for the film \"UHF\", explaining: \"We had to name that song 'Money for Nothing \"slash\" Beverly Hillbillies \"asterisk\"' because the lawyers told us that had to be the name. Those wacky lawyers! Whatcha gonna do? \" Yankovic also gave the following comment on his official website in regards to the title: \"That incredibly stupid name is what the lawyers insisted that the parody be listed as.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Return of the Beverly Hillbillies  Return of the Beverly Hillbillies (also known as Beverly Hillbillies Solve the Energy Crisis) is a 1981 American made-for-television comedy film based on the 1962\u20131971 sitcom \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" which reunited original cast members Buddy Ebsen, Donna Douglas and Nancy Kulp reprising their characters of Jed Clampett, Elly May Clampett and Jane Hathaway, along with newcomers Werner Klemperer as C.D. Medford, Ray Young as Jethro Bodine and Imogene Coca as Granny's 100-year-old mother; noticeably absent are cast members Irene Ryan (Granny) and Raymond Bailey (Milburn Drysdale), who had died in 1973 and 1980 respectively, and Max Baer Jr. (the original Jethro) who declined to participate. The film was produced and written by original series creator Paul Henning and was intended as a pilot for a proposed revival of the series, but this never materialized. \"Return of the Beverly Hillbillies\" premiered as \"The CBS Tuesday Night Movie\" on October 6, 1981. Following the death of Granny, Jed Clampett returned to his roots to live in a backwoods cabin in the town of Bug Tussle rather than living alone at his Beverly Hills mansion after having voluntarily divided his massive fortune between daughter Elly May and nephew Jethro Bodine, both of whom have remained on the West Coast (Jethro is now a successful Hollywood producer running his own movie studio and Elly May has opened a zoo for her beloved critters). Jane Hathaway, once the personal secretary of banker Mr. Milburn Drysdale of the Commerce Bank of Beverly Hills, is now a Washington bureaucrat working for the Department of Energy."], "answer": {"text": "While attending Venice High School, Brockert joined the Summer Dance Production and was the female lead in the school's production of The Music Man.", "answer_start": 1470}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "She spent her early childhood in Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId she show an interest in music at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she perform Banana Boat?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were her parents?", "answer": {"text": "Mary Christine, or Tina as she was called, was the daughter of construction worker Thomas Leslie Brockert and his wife, home renovator Mary Anne.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they encourage her music?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of the places she auditioned?", "answer": {"text": "an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she get the role?", "answer": {"text": "her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies, credited as Tina Marie Brockert.", "answer_start": 646, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#0", "question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "rewrite": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the fall of 2002, Leung made his Broadway debut in the revival of \"Flower Drum Song\", starring Lea Salonga, as a member of the ensemble and an understudy for Wang Ta. He later worked on Broadway with Sondheim in Roundabout Theatre's revival of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 2005. After \"Pacific Overtures\", Leung originated the role of Boq in the Chicago company of the Stephen Schwartz musical \"Wicked\". He moved back to New York in 2006 to take part in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of \"Godspell\". He then returned to Broadway and performed as an ensemble member in the final run of \"Rent\". In 2007, he guest starred in an episode of \"\". Leung was a member of the final company of \"Rent\" \u2013 and made his film debut as part of the ensemble in \"\". He had a recurring role in the musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\" from 2010 to 2011, portraying the role of Wes, a member of the Dalton Academy Warblers. Leung appeared in the Broadway revival of \"Godspell\" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. He reprised his role from the Paper Mill production as the \"All Good Gifts\" soloist. He was a featured performer in the world premiere of the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. The production premiered in September 2012, with Lea Salonga and George Takei also in the cast. In 2014, Leung appeared in the play \"The World of Extreme Happiness\" at Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He went on to star in the co-production at the Manhattan Theatre Club in February 2015. In October 2015, Leung returned to Broadway in the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Longacre Theatre alongside co-stars George Takei and Lea Salonga. He then went on to perform in the acapella musical \"In Transit\".", "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "Lea Salonga Christmas Album Lea Salonga: The Christmas Album is a Christmas-themed album by Lea Salonga. The song \"Sana Ngayong Pasko\" (English: Hopefully This Christmas) was originally performed by Ariel Rivera.", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "Lea Salonga (album) Lea Salonga is the third studio album by the Filipino Broadway pop singer Lea Salonga. It was her first album to receive an international release in 1993 through Atlantic Records, making her the first Filipino singer to be signed on an international record label. The album peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers Albums, making Salonga the first Filipino to break onto the American chart."], "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#1", "question": "what she did write about?", "rewrite": "What did Lea Salonga write about in the Philippine Daily Inquirer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "The winner of \"The Voice Kids\" will receive one million peso contract from MCA Music, house and lot from Camella Homes, music and home appliance showcases, \u20b11,000,000, and \u20b11,000,000 worth of trust fund from Systema. In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions will be filmed on March 17, 2014. It was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. More than 100 kids were invited for the Blind auditions. In a \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" article posted by Salonga on March 20, 2014, she said that each team will be composed of 18 artists. It aired from May 24 to June 22 for 10 episodes with a total of 84 aspiring contestants. On its first episode, the coaches performed an opening number. Sarah Geronimo sang \"Right Now\" first, then followed by Bamboo singing \"Happy\", and Lea Salonga singing \"Story of My Life.\" After their individual performances, all the three of them together performed \"Live While We're Young.\" Filming began on June 23 to 25, 2014. From more than 100 kids invited to the Blind auditions only 54 artists advanced to the Battles, where each coach will pick three artists and pit them together into a battle of vocals. The winner of the battle will only be determined by his or her coach while other coaches can only provide their comments to the performances of the artists.", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "The winner of the second season of the franchise won a trophy designed by Leeroy New, a house and lot worth 2 million pesos from Camella Homes, a business package from Brother Philippines worth 1 million pesos, a shopping spree and an Asian tour package for two from Jag worth 350 thousand pesos, a brand new Ford Fiesta, a musical instrument package worth 100 thousand pesos, an MCA Universal recording contract, and 2 million pesos from Systema Toothpaste. An air date of November 15, 2014 was first reported by Salonga; however, it was pushed to October 26, 2014, three weeks earlier than the initial air date. Its first two episodes aired only on Sundays. Starting on November 8, the show aired every Saturdays and Sundays \u2014 completely occupying the weekend time slots of \"I Do\". The show was renewed for a second season after it garnered immense popularity and high television ratings. ABS-CBN later announced that auditions for January 2014 for the Luzon, Metro Manila, Visayas, and Mindanao regions together with the auditions for the first season of \"The Voice Kids\". Online auditions were slated for summer 2014, but were pushed to June 2014. Lea Salonga wrote in the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" that blind auditions were t be filmed by June, but they were moved to September 7 to 10 of the same year. At the end of the blind auditions, each team had 14 artists. A week prior to the start of the first episode, several teasers were aired. Two were blind auditions teasers wherein two female contestants sang their respective audition piece. The blind auditions first aired on October 26, 2014. and ended on November 30, 2014 after 10 episodes. The first episode had an opening performance of the coaches. Sarah Geronimo and Lea Salonga sang", "Inquirer Group of Companies Inquirer Holdings Incorporated (also known as the Inquirer Group of Companies) is a mass media conglomerate based in Makati City, Philippines with the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" as its flagship brand. The company is majority-owned by Pinnacle Printers Corporation, the holding investment arm of the Rufino-Prieto matriarch. Hinge Inquirer Publications (HIP), formerly Hinge Media Inc. (HMI), was established in 2003. Inquirer Interactive Inc., better known as Inquirer.net, is the official website of the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\". It provides comprehensive coverage of both local and international news throughout the site's channels: News, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Technology, Business, Global Nation, and its recently relaunched Sports channel, which includes the official homepage of the Philippine Basketball Association. Trans-Radio Broadcasting Corporation is a radio company based in Makati. Founded in 1971 by Emilio Tuason, TRBC is the broadcasting arm of the Inquirer Group. Radyo Inquirer (DZIQ 990 kHz Manila) is the radio station of the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\", with its broadcast team semi-independent of the main paper editorial team as it is mostly composed of career radio people. Its first terrestrial test broadcast on radio was on August 16, 2010 with \"Inquirer\" columnist Ramon Tulfo and broadcasting veteran Jay Sonza headlining the list of broadcasters for the new station. Inquirer 990 Television is a \"teleradyo\"-formatted news channel of the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" currently broadcasting on digital terrestrial television. Programs from the main radio feed are simultaneously aired on the television channel."], "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#2", "question": "what was it about?", "rewrite": "What was Lea Salonga's column \"Backstory\" in the Philippine Daily Inquirer about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "The winner of the second season of the franchise won a trophy designed by Leeroy New, a house and lot worth 2 million pesos from Camella Homes, a business package from Brother Philippines worth 1 million pesos, a shopping spree and an Asian tour package for two from Jag worth 350 thousand pesos, a brand new Ford Fiesta, a musical instrument package worth 100 thousand pesos, an MCA Universal recording contract, and 2 million pesos from Systema Toothpaste. An air date of November 15, 2014 was first reported by Salonga; however, it was pushed to October 26, 2014, three weeks earlier than the initial air date. Its first two episodes aired only on Sundays. Starting on November 8, the show aired every Saturdays and Sundays \u2014 completely occupying the weekend time slots of \"I Do\". The show was renewed for a second season after it garnered immense popularity and high television ratings. ABS-CBN later announced that auditions for January 2014 for the Luzon, Metro Manila, Visayas, and Mindanao regions together with the auditions for the first season of \"The Voice Kids\". Online auditions were slated for summer 2014, but were pushed to June 2014. Lea Salonga wrote in the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" that blind auditions were t be filmed by June, but they were moved to September 7 to 10 of the same year. At the end of the blind auditions, each team had 14 artists. A week prior to the start of the first episode, several teasers were aired. Two were blind auditions teasers wherein two female contestants sang their respective audition piece. The blind auditions first aired on October 26, 2014. and ended on November 30, 2014 after 10 episodes. The first episode had an opening performance of the coaches. Sarah Geronimo and Lea Salonga sang", "The winner of \"The Voice Kids\" will receive one million peso contract from MCA Music, house and lot from Camella Homes, music and home appliance showcases, \u20b11,000,000, and \u20b11,000,000 worth of trust fund from Systema. In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions will be filmed on March 17, 2014. It was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. More than 100 kids were invited for the Blind auditions. In a \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" article posted by Salonga on March 20, 2014, she said that each team will be composed of 18 artists. It aired from May 24 to June 22 for 10 episodes with a total of 84 aspiring contestants. On its first episode, the coaches performed an opening number. Sarah Geronimo sang \"Right Now\" first, then followed by Bamboo singing \"Happy\", and Lea Salonga singing \"Story of My Life.\" After their individual performances, all the three of them together performed \"Live While We're Young.\" Filming began on June 23 to 25, 2014. From more than 100 kids invited to the Blind auditions only 54 artists advanced to the Battles, where each coach will pick three artists and pit them together into a battle of vocals. The winner of the battle will only be determined by his or her coach while other coaches can only provide their comments to the performances of the artists.", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "Inquirer Group of Companies Inquirer Holdings Incorporated (also known as the Inquirer Group of Companies) is a mass media conglomerate based in Makati City, Philippines with the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" as its flagship brand. The company is majority-owned by Pinnacle Printers Corporation, the holding investment arm of the Rufino-Prieto matriarch. Hinge Inquirer Publications (HIP), formerly Hinge Media Inc. (HMI), was established in 2003. Inquirer Interactive Inc., better known as Inquirer.net, is the official website of the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\". It provides comprehensive coverage of both local and international news throughout the site's channels: News, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Technology, Business, Global Nation, and its recently relaunched Sports channel, which includes the official homepage of the Philippine Basketball Association. Trans-Radio Broadcasting Corporation is a radio company based in Makati. Founded in 1971 by Emilio Tuason, TRBC is the broadcasting arm of the Inquirer Group. Radyo Inquirer (DZIQ 990 kHz Manila) is the radio station of the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\", with its broadcast team semi-independent of the main paper editorial team as it is mostly composed of career radio people. Its first terrestrial test broadcast on radio was on August 16, 2010 with \"Inquirer\" columnist Ramon Tulfo and broadcasting veteran Jay Sonza headlining the list of broadcasters for the new station. Inquirer 990 Television is a \"teleradyo\"-formatted news channel of the \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" currently broadcasting on digital terrestrial television. Programs from the main radio feed are simultaneously aired on the television channel."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what she did write about?", "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#3", "question": "what was the cinderella tour?", "rewrite": "What was Lea Salonga's Cinderella tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lea Salonga Christmas Album Lea Salonga: The Christmas Album is a Christmas-themed album by Lea Salonga. The song \"Sana Ngayong Pasko\" (English: Hopefully This Christmas) was originally performed by Ariel Rivera.", "Lea Salonga (album) Lea Salonga is the third studio album by the Filipino Broadway pop singer Lea Salonga. It was her first album to receive an international release in 1993 through Atlantic Records, making her the first Filipino singer to be signed on an international record label. The album peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers Albums, making Salonga the first Filipino to break onto the American chart.", "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "In the fall of 2002, Leung made his Broadway debut in the revival of \"Flower Drum Song\", starring Lea Salonga, as a member of the ensemble and an understudy for Wang Ta. He later worked on Broadway with Sondheim in Roundabout Theatre's revival of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 2005. After \"Pacific Overtures\", Leung originated the role of Boq in the Chicago company of the Stephen Schwartz musical \"Wicked\". He moved back to New York in 2006 to take part in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of \"Godspell\". He then returned to Broadway and performed as an ensemble member in the final run of \"Rent\". In 2007, he guest starred in an episode of \"\". Leung was a member of the final company of \"Rent\" \u2013 and made his film debut as part of the ensemble in \"\". He had a recurring role in the musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\" from 2010 to 2011, portraying the role of Wes, a member of the Dalton Academy Warblers. Leung appeared in the Broadway revival of \"Godspell\" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. He reprised his role from the Paper Mill production as the \"All Good Gifts\" soloist. He was a featured performer in the world premiere of the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. The production premiered in September 2012, with Lea Salonga and George Takei also in the cast. In 2014, Leung appeared in the play \"The World of Extreme Happiness\" at Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He went on to star in the co-production at the Manhattan Theatre Club in February 2015. In October 2015, Leung returned to Broadway in the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Longacre Theatre alongside co-stars George Takei and Lea Salonga. He then went on to perform in the acapella musical \"In Transit\"."], "answer": {"text": "From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella,", "answer_start": 554}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what she did write about?", "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was it about?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#4", "question": "was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was Lea Salonga's Cinderella tour successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "Lea Salonga Christmas Album Lea Salonga: The Christmas Album is a Christmas-themed album by Lea Salonga. The song \"Sana Ngayong Pasko\" (English: Hopefully This Christmas) was originally performed by Ariel Rivera.", "In the fall of 2002, Leung made his Broadway debut in the revival of \"Flower Drum Song\", starring Lea Salonga, as a member of the ensemble and an understudy for Wang Ta. He later worked on Broadway with Sondheim in Roundabout Theatre's revival of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 2005. After \"Pacific Overtures\", Leung originated the role of Boq in the Chicago company of the Stephen Schwartz musical \"Wicked\". He moved back to New York in 2006 to take part in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of \"Godspell\". He then returned to Broadway and performed as an ensemble member in the final run of \"Rent\". In 2007, he guest starred in an episode of \"\". Leung was a member of the final company of \"Rent\" \u2013 and made his film debut as part of the ensemble in \"\". He had a recurring role in the musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\" from 2010 to 2011, portraying the role of Wes, a member of the Dalton Academy Warblers. Leung appeared in the Broadway revival of \"Godspell\" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. He reprised his role from the Paper Mill production as the \"All Good Gifts\" soloist. He was a featured performer in the world premiere of the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. The production premiered in September 2012, with Lea Salonga and George Takei also in the cast. In 2014, Leung appeared in the play \"The World of Extreme Happiness\" at Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He went on to star in the co-production at the Manhattan Theatre Club in February 2015. In October 2015, Leung returned to Broadway in the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Longacre Theatre alongside co-stars George Takei and Lea Salonga. He then went on to perform in the acapella musical \"In Transit\".", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "Lea Salonga (album) Lea Salonga is the third studio album by the Filipino Broadway pop singer Lea Salonga. It was her first album to receive an international release in 1993 through Atlantic Records, making her the first Filipino singer to be signed on an international record label. The album peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers Albums, making Salonga the first Filipino to break onto the American chart."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what she did write about?", "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was it about?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the cinderella tour?", "answer": {"text": "From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella,", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#5", "question": "where did they tour?", "rewrite": "Where did Lea Salonga's Cinderella tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the fall of 2002, Leung made his Broadway debut in the revival of \"Flower Drum Song\", starring Lea Salonga, as a member of the ensemble and an understudy for Wang Ta. He later worked on Broadway with Sondheim in Roundabout Theatre's revival of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 2005. After \"Pacific Overtures\", Leung originated the role of Boq in the Chicago company of the Stephen Schwartz musical \"Wicked\". He moved back to New York in 2006 to take part in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of \"Godspell\". He then returned to Broadway and performed as an ensemble member in the final run of \"Rent\". In 2007, he guest starred in an episode of \"\". Leung was a member of the final company of \"Rent\" \u2013 and made his film debut as part of the ensemble in \"\". He had a recurring role in the musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\" from 2010 to 2011, portraying the role of Wes, a member of the Dalton Academy Warblers. Leung appeared in the Broadway revival of \"Godspell\" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. He reprised his role from the Paper Mill production as the \"All Good Gifts\" soloist. He was a featured performer in the world premiere of the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. The production premiered in September 2012, with Lea Salonga and George Takei also in the cast. In 2014, Leung appeared in the play \"The World of Extreme Happiness\" at Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He went on to star in the co-production at the Manhattan Theatre Club in February 2015. In October 2015, Leung returned to Broadway in the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Longacre Theatre alongside co-stars George Takei and Lea Salonga. He then went on to perform in the acapella musical \"In Transit\".", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "Lea Salonga (album) Lea Salonga is the third studio album by the Filipino Broadway pop singer Lea Salonga. It was her first album to receive an international release in 1993 through Atlantic Records, making her the first Filipino singer to be signed on an international record label. The album peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers Albums, making Salonga the first Filipino to break onto the American chart.", "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "Lea Salonga Christmas Album Lea Salonga: The Christmas Album is a Christmas-themed album by Lea Salonga. The song \"Sana Ngayong Pasko\" (English: Hopefully This Christmas) was originally performed by Ariel Rivera."], "answer": {"text": "which premiered in Manila.", "answer_start": 684}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what she did write about?", "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was it about?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the cinderella tour?", "answer": {"text": "From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella,", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#6", "question": "what happened in 2012?", "rewrite": "What happened with Lea Salonga in 2012?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lea Salonga (album) Lea Salonga is the third studio album by the Filipino Broadway pop singer Lea Salonga. It was her first album to receive an international release in 1993 through Atlantic Records, making her the first Filipino singer to be signed on an international record label. The album peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers Albums, making Salonga the first Filipino to break onto the American chart.", "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "Lea Salonga Christmas Album Lea Salonga: The Christmas Album is a Christmas-themed album by Lea Salonga. The song \"Sana Ngayong Pasko\" (English: Hopefully This Christmas) was originally performed by Ariel Rivera.", "In the fall of 2002, Leung made his Broadway debut in the revival of \"Flower Drum Song\", starring Lea Salonga, as a member of the ensemble and an understudy for Wang Ta. He later worked on Broadway with Sondheim in Roundabout Theatre's revival of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 2005. After \"Pacific Overtures\", Leung originated the role of Boq in the Chicago company of the Stephen Schwartz musical \"Wicked\". He moved back to New York in 2006 to take part in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of \"Godspell\". He then returned to Broadway and performed as an ensemble member in the final run of \"Rent\". In 2007, he guest starred in an episode of \"\". Leung was a member of the final company of \"Rent\" \u2013 and made his film debut as part of the ensemble in \"\". He had a recurring role in the musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\" from 2010 to 2011, portraying the role of Wes, a member of the Dalton Academy Warblers. Leung appeared in the Broadway revival of \"Godspell\" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. He reprised his role from the Paper Mill production as the \"All Good Gifts\" soloist. He was a featured performer in the world premiere of the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. The production premiered in September 2012, with Lea Salonga and George Takei also in the cast. In 2014, Leung appeared in the play \"The World of Extreme Happiness\" at Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He went on to star in the co-production at the Manhattan Theatre Club in February 2015. In October 2015, Leung returned to Broadway in the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Longacre Theatre alongside co-stars George Takei and Lea Salonga. He then went on to perform in the acapella musical \"In Transit\".", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show."], "answer": {"text": "Salonga performed in a six-concert series titled \"The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites\" in 2012 with the Palm Beach Pops.", "answer_start": 732}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what she did write about?", "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was it about?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the cinderella tour?", "answer": {"text": "From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella,", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "which premiered in Manila.", "answer_start": 684, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#7", "question": "how did she do in that show?", "rewrite": "how did Lea Salonga do in \"The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites\" in 2012 show?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In October, she played Fantine during the 25th Anniversary Concert of Les Miserables, fifteen years after appearing in the 10th Anniversary as Eponine. The same year, she served as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices, Avon's first ever global, online singing talent search for women and songwriting competition for men and women. Salonga was honored as a Disney Legend on August 19, 2011. She was one of the judges in the 60th Miss Universe 2011 Beauty Pageant in Sao Paulo, Brazil on 12 September 2011. Salonga, along with Darren Criss, sang \"A Whole New World\" to its composer, Alan Menken, as Menken was named the winner of the 2011 Maestro Award at the Billboard/Hollywood Reporter Film & TV Music Conference on October 24, 2011. Salonga performed in a six-concert series titled \"The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites\" in 2012 with the Palm Beach Pops. She starred in the first production of Allegiance, at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego from September to October 2012. Salonga starred in the Philippine production of the comedy God of Carnage from July 2012 at the Carlos P. Romulo Auditorium, RCBC Plaza, Manila. She took on the same role at the DBS Arts Centre in Singapore, in November 2012. Salonga joined the Candlelight Processional at Epcot in Walt Disney World as narrator on December 14 to 16, retelling the Christmas story accompanied by a 50-piece orchestra and a mass choir.", "In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "In the fall of 2002, Leung made his Broadway debut in the revival of \"Flower Drum Song\", starring Lea Salonga, as a member of the ensemble and an understudy for Wang Ta. He later worked on Broadway with Sondheim in Roundabout Theatre's revival of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 2005. After \"Pacific Overtures\", Leung originated the role of Boq in the Chicago company of the Stephen Schwartz musical \"Wicked\". He moved back to New York in 2006 to take part in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of \"Godspell\". He then returned to Broadway and performed as an ensemble member in the final run of \"Rent\". In 2007, he guest starred in an episode of \"\". Leung was a member of the final company of \"Rent\" \u2013 and made his film debut as part of the ensemble in \"\". He had a recurring role in the musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\" from 2010 to 2011, portraying the role of Wes, a member of the Dalton Academy Warblers. Leung appeared in the Broadway revival of \"Godspell\" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. He reprised his role from the Paper Mill production as the \"All Good Gifts\" soloist. He was a featured performer in the world premiere of the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. The production premiered in September 2012, with Lea Salonga and George Takei also in the cast. In 2014, Leung appeared in the play \"The World of Extreme Happiness\" at Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He went on to star in the co-production at the Manhattan Theatre Club in February 2015. In October 2015, Leung returned to Broadway in the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Longacre Theatre alongside co-stars George Takei and Lea Salonga. He then went on to perform in the acapella musical \"In Transit\".", "Lea Salonga (album) Lea Salonga is the third studio album by the Filipino Broadway pop singer Lea Salonga. It was her first album to receive an international release in 1993 through Atlantic Records, making her the first Filipino singer to be signed on an international record label. The album peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers Albums, making Salonga the first Filipino to break onto the American chart.", "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines."], "answer": {"text": "She starred in the first production of Allegiance,", "answer_start": 860}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what she did write about?", "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was it about?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the cinderella tour?", "answer": {"text": "From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella,", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "which premiered in Manila.", "answer_start": 684, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in 2012?", "answer": {"text": "Salonga performed in a six-concert series titled \"The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites\" in 2012 with the Palm Beach Pops.", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6371cc0e3d304183bc0e3089dd91a7f4_1_q#8", "question": "did she do anything else in 2012?", "rewrite": "Besides performing in The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites show, did Lea Salonga do anything else in 2012?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In an article Lea Salonga wrote in \"Philippine Daily Inquirer\" and was published on January 16, 2014, she said the blind auditions will be filmed by March. On March 15, 2014, Sarah Geronimo, in an interview by Jocelyn Dimaculangan from the \"Philippine Entertainment Portal\", revealed that the first day of Blind auditions was filmed on March 17, 2014. The entire Blind auditions was filmed until March 20, 2014 at Studio 10 of ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center in Quezon City, Metro Manila. The Battles and the Sing-offs were also filmed in Studio 10 from June 23 to 25, 2014. The Live shows were held in Newport Performing Arts, Theater, Resorts World Manila, Newport City, Pasay City. There were rumors that an unnamed Filipino singer who is popular in Asia, and a Filipina singer who is known for winning an international reality singing competition will sit as coaches for this series. Ending the rumors, Lea Salonga herself confirmed that she will be part of the kids version. She also confirmed that Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Ma\u00f1alac will also sit as coaches in the show. The three coaches will return for the second season. On March 19, 2016, Salonga confirmed that she and Manalac will return as coaches for the third season; however, she could not confirm if Geronimo will return to the show. On April 4, 2016, Geronimo confirmed that she will not be returning for the third season; however she is still open to coach in the future seasons. On May 2, 2016, Sharon Cuneta confirmed that she will be the new coach on the upcoming third season of The Voice Kids. On January 15, 2014 interview by \"Push\", Lea Salonga confirmed herself that she will be part of the show.", "Lea Salonga (album) Lea Salonga is the third studio album by the Filipino Broadway pop singer Lea Salonga. It was her first album to receive an international release in 1993 through Atlantic Records, making her the first Filipino singer to be signed on an international record label. The album peaked at number 25 on the \"Billboard\" Heatseekers Albums, making Salonga the first Filipino to break onto the American chart.", "In October, she played Fantine during the 25th Anniversary Concert of Les Miserables, fifteen years after appearing in the 10th Anniversary as Eponine. The same year, she served as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices, Avon's first ever global, online singing talent search for women and songwriting competition for men and women. Salonga was honored as a Disney Legend on August 19, 2011. She was one of the judges in the 60th Miss Universe 2011 Beauty Pageant in Sao Paulo, Brazil on 12 September 2011. Salonga, along with Darren Criss, sang \"A Whole New World\" to its composer, Alan Menken, as Menken was named the winner of the 2011 Maestro Award at the Billboard/Hollywood Reporter Film & TV Music Conference on October 24, 2011. Salonga performed in a six-concert series titled \"The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites\" in 2012 with the Palm Beach Pops. She starred in the first production of Allegiance, at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego from September to October 2012. Salonga starred in the Philippine production of the comedy God of Carnage from July 2012 at the Carlos P. Romulo Auditorium, RCBC Plaza, Manila. She took on the same role at the DBS Arts Centre in Singapore, in November 2012. Salonga joined the Candlelight Processional at Epcot in Walt Disney World as narrator on December 14 to 16, retelling the Christmas story accompanied by a 50-piece orchestra and a mass choir.", "In the fall of 2002, Leung made his Broadway debut in the revival of \"Flower Drum Song\", starring Lea Salonga, as a member of the ensemble and an understudy for Wang Ta. He later worked on Broadway with Sondheim in Roundabout Theatre's revival of \"Pacific Overtures\" in 2005. After \"Pacific Overtures\", Leung originated the role of Boq in the Chicago company of the Stephen Schwartz musical \"Wicked\". He moved back to New York in 2006 to take part in the Paper Mill Playhouse production of \"Godspell\". He then returned to Broadway and performed as an ensemble member in the final run of \"Rent\". In 2007, he guest starred in an episode of \"\". Leung was a member of the final company of \"Rent\" \u2013 and made his film debut as part of the ensemble in \"\". He had a recurring role in the musical comedy-drama series \"Glee\" from 2010 to 2011, portraying the role of Wes, a member of the Dalton Academy Warblers. Leung appeared in the Broadway revival of \"Godspell\" at the Circle in the Square Theatre. He reprised his role from the Paper Mill production as the \"All Good Gifts\" soloist. He was a featured performer in the world premiere of the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. The production premiered in September 2012, with Lea Salonga and George Takei also in the cast. In 2014, Leung appeared in the play \"The World of Extreme Happiness\" at Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He went on to star in the co-production at the Manhattan Theatre Club in February 2015. In October 2015, Leung returned to Broadway in the musical \"Allegiance\" at the Longacre Theatre alongside co-stars George Takei and Lea Salonga. He then went on to perform in the acapella musical \"In Transit\".", "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines."], "answer": {"text": "Salonga starred in the Philippine production of the comedy God of Carnage from July 2012 at the Carlos P. Romulo Auditorium, RCBC Plaza, Manila.", "answer_start": 981}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Lea Salonga in 2008?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what she did write about?", "answer": {"text": "Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section),", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was it about?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the cinderella tour?", "answer": {"text": "From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella,", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "which premiered in Manila.", "answer_start": 684, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in 2012?", "answer": {"text": "Salonga performed in a six-concert series titled \"The Magic of Broadway and Disney Favorites\" in 2012 with the Palm Beach Pops.", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how did she do in that show?", "answer": {"text": "She starred in the first production of Allegiance,", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#0", "question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "rewrite": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Blake Lewis (EP) Blake Lewis is an EP by Blake Lewis, the runner-up on the sixth season of \"American Idol. \" It was released digitally on May 22, 2007. The EP is compiled of five studio versions of songs covered by Lewis from the \"American Idol\" official website. It features the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit, \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" which is originally by Bon Jovi, but heavily rearranged by Lewis during the \"Idol\" series. The songs on the EP are from Lewis's performances throughout the \"Idol\" series. Each week, Lewis would perform a song on \"Idol\" and the day after he performed it, it would be put up on the \"American Idol\" official website for sale as a studio version. Lewis covered and amassed more songs by various established artists as he progressed to the \"Idol\" finale. This EP is on iTunes Store for downloading and was also available as a \"bundle\" on the \"American Idol\" official website until June 20, 2007. The songs that did not make the EP's cut are also available for download as individual singles from both iTunes Store and the \"Idol\" official website. The EP peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Top Digital Albums chart, having sold 46,000 units as of January 10, 2008.", "Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "Project Pericles Project Pericles Inc. is a non-profit organization composed of liberal arts colleges and universities geared towards the ideas that social responsibility and participatory citizenship are essential parts of an undergraduate curriculum, in the classroom, on campus, and in the community. Conceived by Eugene M. Lang, a retired businessman known for his educational philanthropy, Project Pericles seeks to counter the growing political cynicism and civic disengagement of young people. Convinced that higher education must promote social and civic engagement, in 1999 Lang organized a planning committee and consulted with college presidents, trustees, faculty, students, and others. By the end of 2000, the objectives, policies, and startup plans of Project Pericles were set. Ten colleges and universities became \u201cfounding Pericleans.\u201d The Boards of the Pericleans formally committed their institutions to the policies and objectives of Project Pericles. Their presidents formed a Presidents\u2019 Council to cooperate in policy-making and program development and implementation. The planning committee became the Board of Directors. Distinguished educational, business, political, and community leaders became the National Board of Advisors. In April 2003, the first ten Pericleans met in New York for the first national conference of Project Pericles. Delegates included presidents, provosts, deans, faculty, students, and alumni. In August 2003, Project Pericles established an independent office and hired Karen E. Holt as Executive Director. In November 2005, Jan R. Liss became its second Executive Director. In 2004 and 2005, a select group of new Pericleans added to the diversity of Project Pericles. The spirit of Pericleans and cumulative experience continue to strengthen Project Pericles in its mission as a transforming force for higher education.", "Jacob Butler first auditioned for Australian Idol in 2005, but failed to make it past the Top 100 Group Performances. Jacob reached sixth place in the Australian version of The X Factor television series in the same year. Jacob tried out for Idol again at the 2007 auditions, singing \"Don't Look Back In Anger\" by Oasis. The Judges were impressed by his improvement in both his songwriting and musicianship. He was soon placed into the Top 24. Australia made him their second top 12 finalist after his rendition of Snow Patrol's \"Chasing Cars\". Jacob was eliminated on 8 October 2007. His last performance on Idol was on Brit Pop night. He performed The Beatles hit \"Let It Be\". At the end of 2007, Jacob performed at the Sydney New Year's Eve Concert alongside fellow Idol contestants Ben McKenzie and Tarisai Vushe. Since Idol, Jacob has released his debut album \"Reason\" in Germany and other countries across Europe. The album was released in Australia and New Zealand in August 2013. Mark Da Costa is a 28-year-old from Sydney, New South Wales, thus was the oldest finalist. He was advanced by the public to the Final 12 through the Wildcard show. He was eliminated on 1 October 2007, finishing in 9th place. Although already eliminated, Mark was named by Today Tonight as being involved in vote-rigging. Since leaving Idol, Mark da Costa has gone back to performing regularly, and has been on tour with his band for most of 2008. Lana Krost is a 17-year-old student from Western Australia. She auditioned in Perth. She is adopted and her birth mother was a Vietnamese opera singer who travelled around China singing with her grandparents. She was eliminated on 24 September 2007. Since leaving Idol, Lana graduated from her high school St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls and is currently attending WAAPA doing a contemporary music course.", "Nemifitide  Nemifitide (INN-00835) is a novel antidepressant drug with a pentapeptide structure similar to that of melanocyte-inhibiting factor (MIF-1) and the amino acid sequence 4-F-Phe-4-OH-Pro-Arg-Gly-Trp-NH. It is under development by Tetragenex (previously Innapharma, Inc.) for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It has been given to over 430 people over the course of 12 clinical trials throughout a little over the past decade and has reached Phase III studies, but has not yet been approved for marketing in any country. Nemifitide has shown mixed efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms, but in the cases in which it has worked it has proven to have a rapid onset of action (~5\u20137 days), few to no side effects, and an excellent safety profile. However, it is inactive orally and must be administered via subcutaneous injection. Remarkably, despite having a very short half-life of only 15\u201330 minutes, in most or all studies assessing its efficacy nemifitide has been administered merely once daily via the subcutaneous route and yet is effective for depression. The mechanism of action of nemifitide is unclear, but since MIF-1 has been demonstrated to have similar antidepressant effects it may act in an analogous manner. Possibly of interest however is that nemifitide binds to several receptors including 5-HT (where it has been shown to act as an antagonist), NPY, bombesin, and MC and MC, though at only micromolar concentrations. Whether any of these relatively weak actions are of any clinical significance is unclear."], "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#1", "question": "What shows did he appear on?", "rewrite": "What shows did Blake Lewis appear on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["On May 24, 2007, the winner Jordin Sparks and runner-up Blake Lewis released five-song EPs on iTunes Store; though only iTunes calls them \"EPs\", they are also available as \"bundles\" for the same price on AmericanIdol.com through June 20, 2007. Sparks' EP contained the winner's single, \"This Is My Now\", as well as four songs she performed on \"Idol\": \"I (Who Have Nothing)\", \"A Broken Wing\", \"To Love Somebody\", and \"Wishing on a Star\". Lewis' EP did not contain \"This Is My Now\"; all of the tracks were songs he performed on the show: \"You Give Love a Bad Name\", \"Time of the Season\", \"I Need to Know\", \"Love Song\", and \"When the Stars Go Blue\". On June 12, 2007, Apple released five song EPs for the rest of the top 12 finalists (Melinda Doolittle, LaKisha Jones, Chris Richardson, Phil Stacey, Sanjaya Malakar, Haley Scarnato, Gina Glocksen, Chris Sligh, Stephanie Edwards and Brandon Rogers) along with the compilation album as a collector's edition of the season's songs. Each of the songs are also available for individual purchase. Phil Stacey, tied for fifth place with Chris Richardson, is now signed to Lyric Street and has released his first single \" If You Didn't Love Me\". Richardson recently produced his first single, \"All Alone. \" Tenth place finalist Chris Sligh recently released a Christian album after signing with Brash Music. Jordin Sparks Blake Lewis Melinda Doolittle LaKisha Jones Chris Richardson Phil Stacey Sanjaya Malakar Chris Sligh Stephanie Edwards Leslie Hunt Amanda Coluccio Sarah Burgess Sean Michel Sherman Pore Source \u2013 IdolsMusic.com", "Sad Song (Blake Lewis song)  \"Sad Song\" is the lead single by singer-songwriter Blake Lewis from his second studio album Heartbreak on Vinyl, released on October 6, 2009 and has reached the number eleven spots on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart in 2009. \"Sad Song\" directed by Ana Veselic, has a very stylized look that blends a couple of different eras. Blake says: \"\"The video is very film noir with an '80s feel to it, like we have the Maxell shot in there.\" \"  The video is shot as a 1940s film-noir style story about the end of a couple\u2019s relationship, highlighted with some 40s- meets-80s style fashion and video editing. The female lead is played by Casey Carlson who was also an American Idol contestant in the recent season 8. Blake says: \"\"I was, like, Wow, this girl has the most beautiful face. It's very classic. So I reached out to her, and she said yes. We got the video done a couple weeks ago, and it turned out really, really well. I'm very proud of it\" \" The Video was released on September 21, 2009, one day prior to the official release on his MySpace. Sad Song (Radio Edit) Sad Song [Maxi-Single] Sad Song [Remixes] \"Sad Song\" spent ten weeks on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart and has reached number eleven on November 14, 2009.", "Blake Lewis (EP) Blake Lewis is an EP by Blake Lewis, the runner-up on the sixth season of \"American Idol. \" It was released digitally on May 22, 2007. The EP is compiled of five studio versions of songs covered by Lewis from the \"American Idol\" official website. It features the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit, \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" which is originally by Bon Jovi, but heavily rearranged by Lewis during the \"Idol\" series. The songs on the EP are from Lewis's performances throughout the \"Idol\" series. Each week, Lewis would perform a song on \"Idol\" and the day after he performed it, it would be put up on the \"American Idol\" official website for sale as a studio version. Lewis covered and amassed more songs by various established artists as he progressed to the \"Idol\" finale. This EP is on iTunes Store for downloading and was also available as a \"bundle\" on the \"American Idol\" official website until June 20, 2007. The songs that did not make the EP's cut are also available for download as individual singles from both iTunes Store and the \"Idol\" official website. The EP peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Top Digital Albums chart, having sold 46,000 units as of January 10, 2008.", "Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "American Idols Live! Tour 2007 American Idols Live! Tour 2007 was a summer concert tour in the United States featuring the top 10 contestants of the sixth season of \"American Idol\", which aired in 2007. It was sponsored by Kellogg's Pop-Tarts. The 59-date tour started on July 6 and ended on September 23. It follows in the tradition of other \"American Idol\" summer tours following the completion of each season in May. The show was largely dominated by ensemble performances. With the exception of Jordin Sparks, Blake Lewis and Sanjaya Malakar, every other performers each had only one solo performance. The first half ended with the Blake Lewis' set, while Jordin Sparks performed her set before the traditional final performance by all 10 performers. The final group performance however differed from previous tours by being a collection of solos rather than a group song with each performer reprising a short segment of their solo song. \"Intermission\"    During the August 7, 2007 concert in Rosemont, Illinois, Gina Glocksen was surprised as her long-time boyfriend proposed to her following her duet with Phil Stacey. After Sanjaya Malakar's solo during the September 9, 2007 concert in Washington, D.C., Sanjaya's sister Shyamali surprised him onstage. She placed a Fanjaya crafted \"birthday boy\" crown on his head as she led the audience in singing \"Happy Birthday\" to Sanjaya on the eve of his 18th birthday. The 2007 tour turned out to be much less successful than the Season 5 tour. None of its first 30 shows were sellouts and only one stop bested the 93% capacity mark and that was the July 18 stop in Jordin Sparks' hometown of Glendale, Arizona. In addition 14 of the first 30 shows were below the 60% capacity mark."], "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#2", "question": "any other shows?", "rewrite": "Besides the Morning Show, any other shows Blake Lewis appeared on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "American Idols Live! Tour 2007 American Idols Live! Tour 2007 was a summer concert tour in the United States featuring the top 10 contestants of the sixth season of \"American Idol\", which aired in 2007. It was sponsored by Kellogg's Pop-Tarts. The 59-date tour started on July 6 and ended on September 23. It follows in the tradition of other \"American Idol\" summer tours following the completion of each season in May. The show was largely dominated by ensemble performances. With the exception of Jordin Sparks, Blake Lewis and Sanjaya Malakar, every other performers each had only one solo performance. The first half ended with the Blake Lewis' set, while Jordin Sparks performed her set before the traditional final performance by all 10 performers. The final group performance however differed from previous tours by being a collection of solos rather than a group song with each performer reprising a short segment of their solo song. \"Intermission\"    During the August 7, 2007 concert in Rosemont, Illinois, Gina Glocksen was surprised as her long-time boyfriend proposed to her following her duet with Phil Stacey. After Sanjaya Malakar's solo during the September 9, 2007 concert in Washington, D.C., Sanjaya's sister Shyamali surprised him onstage. She placed a Fanjaya crafted \"birthday boy\" crown on his head as she led the audience in singing \"Happy Birthday\" to Sanjaya on the eve of his 18th birthday. The 2007 tour turned out to be much less successful than the Season 5 tour. None of its first 30 shows were sellouts and only one stop bested the 93% capacity mark and that was the July 18 stop in Jordin Sparks' hometown of Glendale, Arizona. In addition 14 of the first 30 shows were below the 60% capacity mark.", "Blake Lewis (EP) Blake Lewis is an EP by Blake Lewis, the runner-up on the sixth season of \"American Idol. \" It was released digitally on May 22, 2007. The EP is compiled of five studio versions of songs covered by Lewis from the \"American Idol\" official website. It features the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit, \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" which is originally by Bon Jovi, but heavily rearranged by Lewis during the \"Idol\" series. The songs on the EP are from Lewis's performances throughout the \"Idol\" series. Each week, Lewis would perform a song on \"Idol\" and the day after he performed it, it would be put up on the \"American Idol\" official website for sale as a studio version. Lewis covered and amassed more songs by various established artists as he progressed to the \"Idol\" finale. This EP is on iTunes Store for downloading and was also available as a \"bundle\" on the \"American Idol\" official website until June 20, 2007. The songs that did not make the EP's cut are also available for download as individual singles from both iTunes Store and the \"Idol\" official website. The EP peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Top Digital Albums chart, having sold 46,000 units as of January 10, 2008.", "Sad Song (Blake Lewis song)  \"Sad Song\" is the lead single by singer-songwriter Blake Lewis from his second studio album Heartbreak on Vinyl, released on October 6, 2009 and has reached the number eleven spots on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart in 2009. \"Sad Song\" directed by Ana Veselic, has a very stylized look that blends a couple of different eras. Blake says: \"\"The video is very film noir with an '80s feel to it, like we have the Maxell shot in there.\" \"  The video is shot as a 1940s film-noir style story about the end of a couple\u2019s relationship, highlighted with some 40s- meets-80s style fashion and video editing. The female lead is played by Casey Carlson who was also an American Idol contestant in the recent season 8. Blake says: \"\"I was, like, Wow, this girl has the most beautiful face. It's very classic. So I reached out to her, and she said yes. We got the video done a couple weeks ago, and it turned out really, really well. I'm very proud of it\" \" The Video was released on September 21, 2009, one day prior to the official release on his MySpace. Sad Song (Radio Edit) Sad Song [Maxi-Single] Sad Song [Remixes] \"Sad Song\" spent ten weeks on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart and has reached number eleven on November 14, 2009.", "Invincible (2006 film) Invincible is a 2006 American sports drama film directed by Ericson Core. It is based on the true story of Vince Papale (Mark Wahlberg), who played for the Philadelphia Eagles from 1976 to 1978 with the help of his coach, Dick Vermeil (Greg Kinnear). The film was released in the United States on August 25, 2006. In the 1970s, Philadelphia is in chaos as southern portions of the city protest the shutdown of several job sites while their NFL team, the Philadelphia Eagles, endures a string of losing seasons. In 1976, substitute teacher Vince Papale goes to a sandlot one night and joins his friends playing a pick\u2013up football game against another group of young men. After the game ends, Papale goes home and finds his wife Sharon disgusted with his failure to provide proper support. The next morning, Papale is unexpectedly laid off from his job at the school. That night, Papale goes to the bar where he works as a part-time bartender. The bar contains die-hard Eagles fans, who are watching a TV report on Eagles hiring a new head coach, Dick Vermeil, who will be staging open public tryouts for the Eagles; the bar regulars encourage Papale to attend the tryout. Returning home, Papale finds out that Sharon has left him, leaving him a note saying he will never be anything in the world. Distraught, Papale trashes the few remaining belongings that she left behind. The next night at the bar, Papale meets a new co-bartender, Janet Cantrell, who is a Giants fan. Desperate for income in the aftermath of his wife's departure, Papale receives support from his friends and attends the tryout hosted at Veterans Stadium. Papale is competing against several hundred Philadelphia residents, but performs well during the workouts."], "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#3", "question": "Did he do any music?", "rewrite": "Did Blake Lewis do any music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On May 24, 2007, the winner Jordin Sparks and runner-up Blake Lewis released five-song EPs on iTunes Store; though only iTunes calls them \"EPs\", they are also available as \"bundles\" for the same price on AmericanIdol.com through June 20, 2007. Sparks' EP contained the winner's single, \"This Is My Now\", as well as four songs she performed on \"Idol\": \"I (Who Have Nothing)\", \"A Broken Wing\", \"To Love Somebody\", and \"Wishing on a Star\". Lewis' EP did not contain \"This Is My Now\"; all of the tracks were songs he performed on the show: \"You Give Love a Bad Name\", \"Time of the Season\", \"I Need to Know\", \"Love Song\", and \"When the Stars Go Blue\". On June 12, 2007, Apple released five song EPs for the rest of the top 12 finalists (Melinda Doolittle, LaKisha Jones, Chris Richardson, Phil Stacey, Sanjaya Malakar, Haley Scarnato, Gina Glocksen, Chris Sligh, Stephanie Edwards and Brandon Rogers) along with the compilation album as a collector's edition of the season's songs. Each of the songs are also available for individual purchase. Phil Stacey, tied for fifth place with Chris Richardson, is now signed to Lyric Street and has released his first single \" If You Didn't Love Me\". Richardson recently produced his first single, \"All Alone. \" Tenth place finalist Chris Sligh recently released a Christian album after signing with Brash Music. Jordin Sparks Blake Lewis Melinda Doolittle LaKisha Jones Chris Richardson Phil Stacey Sanjaya Malakar Chris Sligh Stephanie Edwards Leslie Hunt Amanda Coluccio Sarah Burgess Sean Michel Sherman Pore Source \u2013 IdolsMusic.com", "Heartbreak on Vinyl Heartbreak on Vinyl is the second studio album by singer-songwriter Blake Lewis released on October 6, 2009. A double LP pressed on red vinyl with only 500 copies was released on August 13, 2010. The vinyl contained instant access to the \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\" digital album, 13 remixes of the hit single \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\" and an unreleased remix of \"'Till We See the Sun.\" Although \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\" became his most successful single, the album only sold 10,000 copies; less than 1/30 of the copies of his debut \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song has received generally positive reviews from many critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic said \"he's brought all his disparate interests together on \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\", which cut for cut is more rhythmic and melodic than \"A.D.D.\" and as a whole lot more memorable. Lewis doesn't separate his club rhythms and Morrissey obsessions, winding up with a record that sounds curiously and unwittingly like a soundtrack to a Eurotrash club, but in an appealing fashion because it feels uncontrived and often very catchy.\" Max Specht from Pressplus1 said \"This album is a melting pot of styles that really sums up the kind of artist Blake Lewis is, he\u2019s all over the place yet centered all at once. He\u2019s an homage as much as he is a trailblazer in pop music, and this album will help find him fans with commuters blasting the radio, to night owls dancing the night away in crowded clubs down main street.\" Heartbreak on Vinyl The album debuted at number 135 on the Billboard Top 200, selling 4,000 albums in its first week.", "Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "Sad Song (Blake Lewis song)  \"Sad Song\" is the lead single by singer-songwriter Blake Lewis from his second studio album Heartbreak on Vinyl, released on October 6, 2009 and has reached the number eleven spots on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart in 2009. \"Sad Song\" directed by Ana Veselic, has a very stylized look that blends a couple of different eras. Blake says: \"\"The video is very film noir with an '80s feel to it, like we have the Maxell shot in there.\" \"  The video is shot as a 1940s film-noir style story about the end of a couple\u2019s relationship, highlighted with some 40s- meets-80s style fashion and video editing. The female lead is played by Casey Carlson who was also an American Idol contestant in the recent season 8. Blake says: \"\"I was, like, Wow, this girl has the most beautiful face. It's very classic. So I reached out to her, and she said yes. We got the video done a couple weeks ago, and it turned out really, really well. I'm very proud of it\" \" The Video was released on September 21, 2009, one day prior to the official release on his MySpace. Sad Song (Radio Edit) Sad Song [Maxi-Single] Sad Song [Remixes] \"Sad Song\" spent ten weeks on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart and has reached number eleven on November 14, 2009.", "Blake Lewis (EP) Blake Lewis is an EP by Blake Lewis, the runner-up on the sixth season of \"American Idol. \" It was released digitally on May 22, 2007. The EP is compiled of five studio versions of songs covered by Lewis from the \"American Idol\" official website. It features the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit, \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" which is originally by Bon Jovi, but heavily rearranged by Lewis during the \"Idol\" series. The songs on the EP are from Lewis's performances throughout the \"Idol\" series. Each week, Lewis would perform a song on \"Idol\" and the day after he performed it, it would be put up on the \"American Idol\" official website for sale as a studio version. Lewis covered and amassed more songs by various established artists as he progressed to the \"Idol\" finale. This EP is on iTunes Store for downloading and was also available as a \"bundle\" on the \"American Idol\" official website until June 20, 2007. The songs that did not make the EP's cut are also available for download as individual singles from both iTunes Store and the \"Idol\" official website. The EP peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Top Digital Albums chart, having sold 46,000 units as of January 10, 2008."], "answer": {"text": "He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", "answer_start": 573}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other shows?", "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#4", "question": "Did he release any singles?", "rewrite": "Did Blake Lewis release any singles?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sad Song (Blake Lewis song)  \"Sad Song\" is the lead single by singer-songwriter Blake Lewis from his second studio album Heartbreak on Vinyl, released on October 6, 2009 and has reached the number eleven spots on Billboard's Hot Dance Club Songs chart in 2009. \"Sad Song\" directed by Ana Veselic, has a very stylized look that blends a couple of different eras. Blake says: \"\"The video is very film noir with an '80s feel to it, like we have the Maxell shot in there.\" \"  The video is shot as a 1940s film-noir style story about the end of a couple\u2019s relationship, highlighted with some 40s- meets-80s style fashion and video editing. The female lead is played by Casey Carlson who was also an American Idol contestant in the recent season 8. Blake says: \"\"I was, like, Wow, this girl has the most beautiful face. It's very classic. So I reached out to her, and she said yes. We got the video done a couple weeks ago, and it turned out really, really well. I'm very proud of it\" \" The Video was released on September 21, 2009, one day prior to the official release on his MySpace. Sad Song (Radio Edit) Sad Song [Maxi-Single] Sad Song [Remixes] \"Sad Song\" spent ten weeks on the Hot Dance Club Songs chart and has reached number eleven on November 14, 2009.", "Heartbreak on Vinyl Heartbreak on Vinyl is the second studio album by singer-songwriter Blake Lewis released on October 6, 2009. A double LP pressed on red vinyl with only 500 copies was released on August 13, 2010. The vinyl contained instant access to the \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\" digital album, 13 remixes of the hit single \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\" and an unreleased remix of \"'Till We See the Sun.\" Although \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\" became his most successful single, the album only sold 10,000 copies; less than 1/30 of the copies of his debut \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song has received generally positive reviews from many critics. Stephen Thomas Erlewine from Allmusic said \"he's brought all his disparate interests together on \"Heartbreak on Vinyl\", which cut for cut is more rhythmic and melodic than \"A.D.D.\" and as a whole lot more memorable. Lewis doesn't separate his club rhythms and Morrissey obsessions, winding up with a record that sounds curiously and unwittingly like a soundtrack to a Eurotrash club, but in an appealing fashion because it feels uncontrived and often very catchy.\" Max Specht from Pressplus1 said \"This album is a melting pot of styles that really sums up the kind of artist Blake Lewis is, he\u2019s all over the place yet centered all at once. He\u2019s an homage as much as he is a trailblazer in pop music, and this album will help find him fans with commuters blasting the radio, to night owls dancing the night away in crowded clubs down main street.\" Heartbreak on Vinyl The album debuted at number 135 on the Billboard Top 200, selling 4,000 albums in its first week.", "Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "Your Touch (Blake Lewis song) \"Your Touch\" is a song by American singer-songwriter and beatboxer Blake Lewis. The song was released in the United States as a digital download on February 26, 2013 as the lead single from his third studio album \"Portrait of a Chameleon\" (2013). It peaked at number 38 on the UK Singles Chart. The song premiered on February 26, 2013 in a commercial for Internet Explorer 10.", "Blake Lewis (EP) Blake Lewis is an EP by Blake Lewis, the runner-up on the sixth season of \"American Idol. \" It was released digitally on May 22, 2007. The EP is compiled of five studio versions of songs covered by Lewis from the \"American Idol\" official website. It features the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit, \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" which is originally by Bon Jovi, but heavily rearranged by Lewis during the \"Idol\" series. The songs on the EP are from Lewis's performances throughout the \"Idol\" series. Each week, Lewis would perform a song on \"Idol\" and the day after he performed it, it would be put up on the \"American Idol\" official website for sale as a studio version. Lewis covered and amassed more songs by various established artists as he progressed to the \"Idol\" finale. This EP is on iTunes Store for downloading and was also available as a \"bundle\" on the \"American Idol\" official website until June 20, 2007. The songs that did not make the EP's cut are also available for download as individual singles from both iTunes Store and the \"Idol\" official website. The EP peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Top Digital Albums chart, having sold 46,000 units as of January 10, 2008."], "answer": {"text": "' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\",", "answer_start": 380}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other shows?", "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any music?", "answer": {"text": "He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#5", "question": "When was that released?", "rewrite": "When was \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["You Give Love a Bad Name (album) You Give Love a Bad Name is the fourth studio album by transgressive punk rock musician GG Allin, and is jointly credited to Allin and a one-time studio band named The Holy Men. Reissues credit the release mistakenly to GG Allin & The Criminal Quartet. The album was the first to fully mark a distinct change in his vocal tone, which by this time began to take on a slurred and gravelly characteristic, and increasing obsession with shock rock lyrical content. After the release of the \"Hated in the Nation\" compilation cassette by ROIR, as well as a series of letters written by Allin to such magazines as \"Maximum RockNRoll\" and \"Flipside\", and advertising campaigns in many music magazines and fanzines like Option, Flipside, RIP, \"Ben is Dead\" and many others by Black & Blue Records, Allin's stature in the punk rock underground had grown considerably. However, Allin's uncompromising, and increasingly transgressive performances, and his tendency towards extremely lowbrow lyrics, made him an unlikely prospect not only for major labels, but also for many of the independent labels like SST, Touch and Go, and Alternative Tentacles. Allin had parted with his previous label, Black and Blue Records once he signed with Homestead Records with Yarmouth's blessings. The goal was to get GG on a major label and both GG and Yarmouth felt Homestead was a good first step in getting there versus the small RI based label. Yarmouth is quoted \"GG loved to trash any perceived or real authority including his record labels. I recall one show at The Populous Pudding in CT after the release of his second Homestead release where backstage GG pissed on my leg and yelled proudly that he now had pissed on both his labels.", "Before leaving to go help, Mr. Cocker sets a date with Ms. Brannigan. At lunch, Corey is preparing himself to ask Tiffany out. Unbeknownst to him, Michael is preparing to do the same. They compete for her affection (\"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)\"). Tiffany chooses Michael, telling Corey that she sees him as a brother. Corey Snr. enters the stage, reminiscing on how hurt he was (\"You Give Love A Bad Name\"). After lunch, Michael, Huey, Lionel and Billy slip a fake love letter into Eileen's locker. In another part of the school, Mr. Cocker has confiscated a dirty magazine from Huey. Huey tells his friends that he found the magazine in his dad's cupboard, and it's from the 1970s. They laugh together, and Huey jokes that Mr. Cocker is probably in his office \"having a perve\". While looking through the magazine, Mr. Cocker recognizes one of the models as Ms. Brannigan. He confronts her about it, and she admits that she did pose for the magazine when she was 18. Mr. Cocker is angry that she never told him, and refuses to see her (\"You Give Love A Bad Name (Reprise)\"). Michael has forgotten about the concert idea that helped get him elected,and so Corey steps up, asking Mr. Cocker if he can put on the concert. Mr. Cocker agrees, and calls an assembly where he announces the concert will commence, under Corey's direction. At first, the students are unenthused, but with some urging from the faculty, they eventually come around (\"Man In The Mirror\").", "You Give Love a Bad Name \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi, released as the first single from their 1986 album \"Slippery When Wet\". Written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and Desmond Child about a woman who has jilted her lover, the song reached No. 1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on November 29, 1986 and became the band's first number one hit. In 2007, the song reentered the charts at No. 29 after Blake Lewis performed it on \"American Idol\". In 2009 it was named the 20th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. Despite the lyrics of the chorus, the song should not be confused with \"Shot Through the Heart\", an unrelated song from Bon Jovi's 1984 self-titled debut album. \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was originally written for Bonnie Tyler under the title \" If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\" with different lyrics. Dissatisfied with its success in the US and the UK, Desmond Child re-wrote the song with Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora. The song is written in the key of C minor and has a tempo of 123 BPM. The album version of the song ends with the title being repeated until it fades. The music video for the song used all-color concert footage (the only all-color video song from \"Slippery When Wet\") and photogenic shots primarily of Jon Bon Jovi, as well as other band members in concert. This video was filmed at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. Bon Jovi was now being managed by Doc McGhee, who realized that Bon Jovi needed a video for MTV.", "The album was produced by Bruce Fairbairn like its predecessor and recorded at Little Mountain Sound Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It marked the final collaboration between Bon Jovi and producer Bruce Fairbairn. When the Slippery When Wet Tour ended in October 1987, the band were inactive for about three to four weeks. Then Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora began making demos for 17 songs which would make up the first batch of songs written for the album. However, they began to feel a high level of pressure because they did not feel as though they had \"the amazing song.\" Jon Bon Jovi said that \"I really wanted to do it again, not for monetary reasons - I have plenty of money - but it was such an amazing feeling to have done what we\u2019ve done. There was a real fear of not being able to write You Give Love A Bad Name again.\" Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora sat together and wrote the song \" Love Is War\" but Jon Bon Jovi wanted to write a song that would prove to be just as successful as \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" so desperately that it came out with exactly the same chord progression. They later started on the second batch of songs and they wrote \"Bad Medicine\" and \"Born to be My Baby\" with Desmond Child. \" Born To Be My Baby\" was originally recorded acoustically, however the producer Bruce Fairbairn persuaded them to re-record it with electric instruments in a harder rock and much more metal style. Jon Bon Jovi has since said that he believed the song would have made #1 on the charts if it had been released in its original form. This song has a similar theme to \"Livin' on a Prayer,\" as it is about a young working class couple struggling to make ends meet.", "In Franconia, also known as Franken, there are 3 Bereiche (in bold) and 22 Gro\u00dflagen. 2 Einzellagen are gro\u00dflagenfrei. In the Hessische Bergstra\u00dfe there are 2 Bereiche (in bold) and 3 Gro\u00dflagen. In the Mittelrhein there are 2 Bereiche (in bold) and 12 Gro\u00dflagen. In the Mosel there are 6 Bereiche (in bold) and 19 Gro\u00dflagen. In the Nahe there is 1 Bereich (in bold) and 7 Gro\u00dflagen. In the Palatinate, also known as Pfalz, there are 2 Bereiche (in bold) and 25 Gro\u00dflagen. In the Rheingau there is 1 Bereich (in bold) and 10 Gro\u00dflagen. In the Rheinhessen there are 3 Bereiche (in bold) and 24 Gro\u00dflagen. In Saale-Unstrut there are 2 Bereiche (in bold) and 5 Gro\u00dflagen. In Saxony, also known as Sachsen, there are 3 Bereiche (in bold) and 4 Gro\u00dflagen. In W\u00fcrttemberg there are 6 Bereiche (in bold) and 17 Gro\u00dflagen. There are 4 main wine regions that produce German Tafelwein and 8 sub-regions. There are 20 wine regions that produce German Landwein. The Anbaugebiet where the region is located in is in parenthesis."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other shows?", "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any music?", "answer": {"text": "He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles?", "answer": {"text": "' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\",", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" being the biggest-selling download of its release season, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["You Give Love a Bad Name \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi, released as the first single from their 1986 album \"Slippery When Wet\". Written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and Desmond Child about a woman who has jilted her lover, the song reached No. 1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on November 29, 1986 and became the band's first number one hit. In 2007, the song reentered the charts at No. 29 after Blake Lewis performed it on \"American Idol\". In 2009 it was named the 20th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. Despite the lyrics of the chorus, the song should not be confused with \"Shot Through the Heart\", an unrelated song from Bon Jovi's 1984 self-titled debut album. \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was originally written for Bonnie Tyler under the title \" If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\" with different lyrics. Dissatisfied with its success in the US and the UK, Desmond Child re-wrote the song with Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora. The song is written in the key of C minor and has a tempo of 123 BPM. The album version of the song ends with the title being repeated until it fades. The music video for the song used all-color concert footage (the only all-color video song from \"Slippery When Wet\") and photogenic shots primarily of Jon Bon Jovi, as well as other band members in concert. This video was filmed at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. Bon Jovi was now being managed by Doc McGhee, who realized that Bon Jovi needed a video for MTV.", "Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "The album was produced by Bruce Fairbairn like its predecessor and recorded at Little Mountain Sound Studios in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It marked the final collaboration between Bon Jovi and producer Bruce Fairbairn. When the Slippery When Wet Tour ended in October 1987, the band were inactive for about three to four weeks. Then Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora began making demos for 17 songs which would make up the first batch of songs written for the album. However, they began to feel a high level of pressure because they did not feel as though they had \"the amazing song.\" Jon Bon Jovi said that \"I really wanted to do it again, not for monetary reasons - I have plenty of money - but it was such an amazing feeling to have done what we\u2019ve done. There was a real fear of not being able to write You Give Love A Bad Name again.\" Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora sat together and wrote the song \" Love Is War\" but Jon Bon Jovi wanted to write a song that would prove to be just as successful as \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" so desperately that it came out with exactly the same chord progression. They later started on the second batch of songs and they wrote \"Bad Medicine\" and \"Born to be My Baby\" with Desmond Child. \" Born To Be My Baby\" was originally recorded acoustically, however the producer Bruce Fairbairn persuaded them to re-record it with electric instruments in a harder rock and much more metal style. Jon Bon Jovi has since said that he believed the song would have made #1 on the charts if it had been released in its original form. This song has a similar theme to \"Livin' on a Prayer,\" as it is about a young working class couple struggling to make ends meet.", "You Give Love a Bad Name (album) You Give Love a Bad Name is the fourth studio album by transgressive punk rock musician GG Allin, and is jointly credited to Allin and a one-time studio band named The Holy Men. Reissues credit the release mistakenly to GG Allin & The Criminal Quartet. The album was the first to fully mark a distinct change in his vocal tone, which by this time began to take on a slurred and gravelly characteristic, and increasing obsession with shock rock lyrical content. After the release of the \"Hated in the Nation\" compilation cassette by ROIR, as well as a series of letters written by Allin to such magazines as \"Maximum RockNRoll\" and \"Flipside\", and advertising campaigns in many music magazines and fanzines like Option, Flipside, RIP, \"Ben is Dead\" and many others by Black & Blue Records, Allin's stature in the punk rock underground had grown considerably. However, Allin's uncompromising, and increasingly transgressive performances, and his tendency towards extremely lowbrow lyrics, made him an unlikely prospect not only for major labels, but also for many of the independent labels like SST, Touch and Go, and Alternative Tentacles. Allin had parted with his previous label, Black and Blue Records once he signed with Homestead Records with Yarmouth's blessings. The goal was to get GG on a major label and both GG and Yarmouth felt Homestead was a good first step in getting there versus the small RI based label. Yarmouth is quoted \"GG loved to trash any perceived or real authority including his record labels. I recall one show at The Populous Pudding in CT after the release of his second Homestead release where backstage GG pissed on my leg and yelled proudly that he now had pissed on both his labels.", "Before leaving to go help, Mr. Cocker sets a date with Ms. Brannigan. At lunch, Corey is preparing himself to ask Tiffany out. Unbeknownst to him, Michael is preparing to do the same. They compete for her affection (\"I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)\"). Tiffany chooses Michael, telling Corey that she sees him as a brother. Corey Snr. enters the stage, reminiscing on how hurt he was (\"You Give Love A Bad Name\"). After lunch, Michael, Huey, Lionel and Billy slip a fake love letter into Eileen's locker. In another part of the school, Mr. Cocker has confiscated a dirty magazine from Huey. Huey tells his friends that he found the magazine in his dad's cupboard, and it's from the 1970s. They laugh together, and Huey jokes that Mr. Cocker is probably in his office \"having a perve\". While looking through the magazine, Mr. Cocker recognizes one of the models as Ms. Brannigan. He confronts her about it, and she admits that she did pose for the magazine when she was 18. Mr. Cocker is angry that she never told him, and refuses to see her (\"You Give Love A Bad Name (Reprise)\"). Michael has forgotten about the concert idea that helped get him elected,and so Corey steps up, asking Mr. Cocker if he can put on the concert. Mr. Cocker agrees, and calls an assembly where he announces the concert will commence, under Corey's direction. At first, the students are unenthused, but with some urging from the faculty, they eventually come around (\"Man In The Mirror\")."], "answer": {"text": "Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007,", "answer_start": 1233}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other shows?", "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any music?", "answer": {"text": "He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles?", "answer": {"text": "' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\",", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was that released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#7", "question": "Did he every tour any other time?", "rewrite": "Did Blake Lewis ever tour any other time besides the American Idols Live! Tour 2007?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "The Concert which became the most attended concert at the coliseum with over 37,000 attendees, was center staged and has used the seating capacity to its 360-degree maximum. Some notable international performers include Air Supply on 2008, Akon (on July 4, 2009), Kelly Clarkson as part of her All I Ever Wanted World Tour on May 1, 2010, Incubus (in 2008 and 2011), Carly Rae Jepsen (in 2013 and 2015), Lady Gaga as part of her The Fame Ball Tour on August 11, 2009, Avril Lavigne as part of her The Best Damn Tour on September 3, 2008, The Black Star Tour on February 16, 2012 and the Avril Lavigne On Tour on February 17, 2014, Kylie Minogue as part of her on July 5, 2011, Bruno Mars as part of his The Doo-Wops and Hooligans Tour on April 8, 2011, The Script (in 2011 and 2013), Snow Patrol (on August 9, 2012), Taylor Swift as part of her Speak Now Tour on February 19, 2011, and Westlife in 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2019. as well as the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2011 (on September 21 and 22, 2011), and the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2012 (on September 21, 2012). Following her performance with the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2012 five months prior, Filipino-American \"American Idol\" runner-up Jessica Sanchez had her first sold out solo concert at the coliseum on February 14, 2013. The coliseum also housed K-pop artists like Super Junior's Super Show-the first Korean to perform in the arena, 2NE1, SS501, CNBLUE, Beast and EXO.", "American Idols Live! Tour 2004 American Idols Live! Tour 2004 was a summer concert tour featuring the Top 10 contestants of the third season of \"American Idol\", which aired in 2004. The tour was sponsored by Kellogg's Pop-Tarts. It was the third in the series the American Idols Tour. The tour started in Salt Lake City on July 14, 2004. Initially, 48 tour dates were planned, but three shows were later added in Honolulu in response to demand from fans of Jasmine Trias and Camile Velasco, as well as one final show in Singapore. Two shows (Ames, Iowa and Fargo, North Dakota) were cancelled due to poor sales. \"Intermission\"   Despite having three sell-out shows in Hawaii, the attendances for most of the shows were significantly lower than the first two tours. Average number of tickets sold fell by 40% compared to Season 1 and 48% compared to Season 2. Excluding Singapore (where the attendance numbered around 7000), a total of 258,577 tickets were sold, grossing $11,400,424 according to Billboard.", "American Idols Live! Tour 2012 The American Idols Live! Tour 2012 is a summer concert tour in the United States, Canada and Philippines that features the Top 10 contestants of the eleventh season of \"American Idol\". The tour began in July 6, 2012 in Detroit, Michigan and ended in September 21, 2012 in Quezon City, Philippines. Like the 2011 summer tour, this is the second time to include the Philippines at the same venue in Quezon City, marking this the third time that the tour took place outside North America. The tour this repeated the same format as American Idols Live! Tour 2011, where there were solos and group performances. The first half contained solos from the first five contestants eliminated: Erika Van Pelt, Heejun Han, Deandre Brackensick, Colton Dixon and Elise Testone. The second half started with a set for the runner-up, Jessica Sanchez, then there were performances by Skylar Laine, Hollie Cavanagh and Joshua Ledet, and then a set for the winner, Phillip Phillips. The show ended with a group number. \"Intermission\" The tour was ranked No. 62 in the list of 2012 Year-end Top 200 North American tours, based on total gross income .", "American Idols Live! Tour 2007 American Idols Live! Tour 2007 was a summer concert tour in the United States featuring the top 10 contestants of the sixth season of \"American Idol\", which aired in 2007. It was sponsored by Kellogg's Pop-Tarts. The 59-date tour started on July 6 and ended on September 23. It follows in the tradition of other \"American Idol\" summer tours following the completion of each season in May. The show was largely dominated by ensemble performances. With the exception of Jordin Sparks, Blake Lewis and Sanjaya Malakar, every other performers each had only one solo performance. The first half ended with the Blake Lewis' set, while Jordin Sparks performed her set before the traditional final performance by all 10 performers. The final group performance however differed from previous tours by being a collection of solos rather than a group song with each performer reprising a short segment of their solo song. \"Intermission\"    During the August 7, 2007 concert in Rosemont, Illinois, Gina Glocksen was surprised as her long-time boyfriend proposed to her following her duet with Phil Stacey. After Sanjaya Malakar's solo during the September 9, 2007 concert in Washington, D.C., Sanjaya's sister Shyamali surprised him onstage. She placed a Fanjaya crafted \"birthday boy\" crown on his head as she led the audience in singing \"Happy Birthday\" to Sanjaya on the eve of his 18th birthday. The 2007 tour turned out to be much less successful than the Season 5 tour. None of its first 30 shows were sellouts and only one stop bested the 93% capacity mark and that was the July 18 stop in Jordin Sparks' hometown of Glendale, Arizona. In addition 14 of the first 30 shows were below the 60% capacity mark."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other shows?", "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any music?", "answer": {"text": "He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles?", "answer": {"text": "' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\",", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was that released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007,", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#8", "question": "Where there any other notable songs?", "rewrite": "Where there any other notable songs sung by Blake Lewis besides \"She Will Be Loved\" and \"You Give Love a Bad Name\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On May 24, 2007, the winner Jordin Sparks and runner-up Blake Lewis released five-song EPs on iTunes Store; though only iTunes calls them \"EPs\", they are also available as \"bundles\" for the same price on AmericanIdol.com through June 20, 2007. Sparks' EP contained the winner's single, \"This Is My Now\", as well as four songs she performed on \"Idol\": \"I (Who Have Nothing)\", \"A Broken Wing\", \"To Love Somebody\", and \"Wishing on a Star\". Lewis' EP did not contain \"This Is My Now\"; all of the tracks were songs he performed on the show: \"You Give Love a Bad Name\", \"Time of the Season\", \"I Need to Know\", \"Love Song\", and \"When the Stars Go Blue\". On June 12, 2007, Apple released five song EPs for the rest of the top 12 finalists (Melinda Doolittle, LaKisha Jones, Chris Richardson, Phil Stacey, Sanjaya Malakar, Haley Scarnato, Gina Glocksen, Chris Sligh, Stephanie Edwards and Brandon Rogers) along with the compilation album as a collector's edition of the season's songs. Each of the songs are also available for individual purchase. Phil Stacey, tied for fifth place with Chris Richardson, is now signed to Lyric Street and has released his first single \" If You Didn't Love Me\". Richardson recently produced his first single, \"All Alone. \" Tenth place finalist Chris Sligh recently released a Christian album after signing with Brash Music. Jordin Sparks Blake Lewis Melinda Doolittle LaKisha Jones Chris Richardson Phil Stacey Sanjaya Malakar Chris Sligh Stephanie Edwards Leslie Hunt Amanda Coluccio Sarah Burgess Sean Michel Sherman Pore Source \u2013 IdolsMusic.com", "Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "You Give Love a Bad Name \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" is a song by American rock band Bon Jovi, released as the first single from their 1986 album \"Slippery When Wet\". Written by Jon Bon Jovi, Richie Sambora, and Desmond Child about a woman who has jilted her lover, the song reached No. 1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on November 29, 1986 and became the band's first number one hit. In 2007, the song reentered the charts at No. 29 after Blake Lewis performed it on \"American Idol\". In 2009 it was named the 20th greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1. Despite the lyrics of the chorus, the song should not be confused with \"Shot Through the Heart\", an unrelated song from Bon Jovi's 1984 self-titled debut album. \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was originally written for Bonnie Tyler under the title \" If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)\" with different lyrics. Dissatisfied with its success in the US and the UK, Desmond Child re-wrote the song with Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora. The song is written in the key of C minor and has a tempo of 123 BPM. The album version of the song ends with the title being repeated until it fades. The music video for the song used all-color concert footage (the only all-color video song from \"Slippery When Wet\") and photogenic shots primarily of Jon Bon Jovi, as well as other band members in concert. This video was filmed at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. Bon Jovi was now being managed by Doc McGhee, who realized that Bon Jovi needed a video for MTV.", "Lewis's EP did not contain \"This Is My Now\", but instead all the songs on the EP were songs he performed on the show: \"You Give Love a Bad Name\", \"Time Of The Season\", \"I Need To Know\", \"Love Song\" and \" When The Stars Go Blue\". Compilations for other contestants were released to iTunes later a few weeks later, and it was also possible to download all the recordings this season as a collector's edition. Both Jordin and Blake also released several other songs as singles. These studio-recorded tunes are available both on iTunes and americanidol.com. For Jordin Sparks, these singles were \"If We Hold on Together\", \"You'll Never Walk Alone\", \"Rhythm is Gonna Get You\", \"On a Clear Day\", and \"Hey Baby\". For Blake Lewis, these singles were \"You Should Be Dancing\", \" Mack the Knife\" , \"You Keep Me Hangin' On\", \"Imagine\", and \"This Love\". After season 8, an album was released exclusively to Wal-Mart which contained songs from the show from various top ten finalists. The album included both Kris Allen's and Adam Lambert's version of \"No Boundaries\". Another Wal-Mart exclusive a 5-track EP was also later released with songs from the Top 4 finalists: Kris Allen and Danny Gokey's Renegade, Allison Iraheta and Adam Lambert's Slow Ride, as well as Adam's Whole Lotta Love , Danny's What Hurts the Most and Kris' Ain't No Sunshine. On iTunes, digital albums of recordings from the two finalists were released. In this season compilation albums of studio recordings of all contestants' songs were released digitally on iTunes after the performances every week apart from top 3 and top 2.", "Blake Lewis (EP) Blake Lewis is an EP by Blake Lewis, the runner-up on the sixth season of \"American Idol. \" It was released digitally on May 22, 2007. The EP is compiled of five studio versions of songs covered by Lewis from the \"American Idol\" official website. It features the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 hit, \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" which is originally by Bon Jovi, but heavily rearranged by Lewis during the \"Idol\" series. The songs on the EP are from Lewis's performances throughout the \"Idol\" series. Each week, Lewis would perform a song on \"Idol\" and the day after he performed it, it would be put up on the \"American Idol\" official website for sale as a studio version. Lewis covered and amassed more songs by various established artists as he progressed to the \"Idol\" finale. This EP is on iTunes Store for downloading and was also available as a \"bundle\" on the \"American Idol\" official website until June 20, 2007. The songs that did not make the EP's cut are also available for download as individual singles from both iTunes Store and the \"Idol\" official website. The EP peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" Top Digital Albums chart, having sold 46,000 units as of January 10, 2008."], "answer": {"text": "He performed \"She Loves the Way\" on the last show, becoming the first Idol who sang their pre-Idol original materials on the tour.", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other shows?", "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any music?", "answer": {"text": "He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles?", "answer": {"text": "' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\",", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was that released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007,", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he every tour any other time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_85ed6d777e6649398bff13a75f6907e7_0_q#9", "question": "Was it a hit?", "rewrite": "Was Blake Lewis's performance of \"She Loves the Way\" on the American Idols Live! Tour 2007 a hit?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Concert which became the most attended concert at the coliseum with over 37,000 attendees, was center staged and has used the seating capacity to its 360-degree maximum. Some notable international performers include Air Supply on 2008, Akon (on July 4, 2009), Kelly Clarkson as part of her All I Ever Wanted World Tour on May 1, 2010, Incubus (in 2008 and 2011), Carly Rae Jepsen (in 2013 and 2015), Lady Gaga as part of her The Fame Ball Tour on August 11, 2009, Avril Lavigne as part of her The Best Damn Tour on September 3, 2008, The Black Star Tour on February 16, 2012 and the Avril Lavigne On Tour on February 17, 2014, Kylie Minogue as part of her on July 5, 2011, Bruno Mars as part of his The Doo-Wops and Hooligans Tour on April 8, 2011, The Script (in 2011 and 2013), Snow Patrol (on August 9, 2012), Taylor Swift as part of her Speak Now Tour on February 19, 2011, and Westlife in 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2019. as well as the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2011 (on September 21 and 22, 2011), and the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2012 (on September 21, 2012). Following her performance with the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2012 five months prior, Filipino-American \"American Idol\" runner-up Jessica Sanchez had her first sold out solo concert at the coliseum on February 14, 2013. The coliseum also housed K-pop artists like Super Junior's Super Show-the first Korean to perform in the arena, 2NE1, SS501, CNBLUE, Beast and EXO.", "Lewis's songs from American Idol have been on sale at the iTunes Store and the American Idol official website as Blake Lewis - EP (called a \"bundle\" on Idol official website) shortly after the finale of Idol, along with other songs that did not make the EP's cut that are being sold as individual singles. Figures from SoundScan which were posted on USA Today indicated that Lewis' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\", with 192,000 copies sold. After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows. He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet (combined with a snippet of U2's \"With or Without You\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show. In the episode of The View on June 14, 2007, he sang \"Somewhere Only We Know\" by Keane. Lewis had also appeared on Total Request Live, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet with the winner of Idol, Jordin Sparks and Larry King Live with contestants who made into the top ten of American Idol. On July 4, 2007, Lewis performed \"God Bless America\" and \"America the Beautiful\" on Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular with Sparks and Melinda Doolittle. Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007, along with other contestants in the top ten. He revealed on The View on June 14, 2007 that all the male contestants on the show would be playing musical instruments on the tour (for the first time ever), \"doing like a folk band,\" and that he would bring along his loop pedals for his beatboxing.", "American Idols Live! Tour 2007 American Idols Live! Tour 2007 was a summer concert tour in the United States featuring the top 10 contestants of the sixth season of \"American Idol\", which aired in 2007. It was sponsored by Kellogg's Pop-Tarts. The 59-date tour started on July 6 and ended on September 23. It follows in the tradition of other \"American Idol\" summer tours following the completion of each season in May. The show was largely dominated by ensemble performances. With the exception of Jordin Sparks, Blake Lewis and Sanjaya Malakar, every other performers each had only one solo performance. The first half ended with the Blake Lewis' set, while Jordin Sparks performed her set before the traditional final performance by all 10 performers. The final group performance however differed from previous tours by being a collection of solos rather than a group song with each performer reprising a short segment of their solo song. \"Intermission\"    During the August 7, 2007 concert in Rosemont, Illinois, Gina Glocksen was surprised as her long-time boyfriend proposed to her following her duet with Phil Stacey. After Sanjaya Malakar's solo during the September 9, 2007 concert in Washington, D.C., Sanjaya's sister Shyamali surprised him onstage. She placed a Fanjaya crafted \"birthday boy\" crown on his head as she led the audience in singing \"Happy Birthday\" to Sanjaya on the eve of his 18th birthday. The 2007 tour turned out to be much less successful than the Season 5 tour. None of its first 30 shows were sellouts and only one stop bested the 93% capacity mark and that was the July 18 stop in Jordin Sparks' hometown of Glendale, Arizona. In addition 14 of the first 30 shows were below the 60% capacity mark.", "American Idols Live! Tour 2004 American Idols Live! Tour 2004 was a summer concert tour featuring the Top 10 contestants of the third season of \"American Idol\", which aired in 2004. The tour was sponsored by Kellogg's Pop-Tarts. It was the third in the series the American Idols Tour. The tour started in Salt Lake City on July 14, 2004. Initially, 48 tour dates were planned, but three shows were later added in Honolulu in response to demand from fans of Jasmine Trias and Camile Velasco, as well as one final show in Singapore. Two shows (Ames, Iowa and Fargo, North Dakota) were cancelled due to poor sales. \"Intermission\"   Despite having three sell-out shows in Hawaii, the attendances for most of the shows were significantly lower than the first two tours. Average number of tickets sold fell by 40% compared to Season 1 and 48% compared to Season 2. Excluding Singapore (where the attendance numbered around 7000), a total of 258,577 tickets were sold, grossing $11,400,424 according to Billboard.", "American Idols Live! Tour 2012 The American Idols Live! Tour 2012 is a summer concert tour in the United States, Canada and Philippines that features the Top 10 contestants of the eleventh season of \"American Idol\". The tour began in July 6, 2012 in Detroit, Michigan and ended in September 21, 2012 in Quezon City, Philippines. Like the 2011 summer tour, this is the second time to include the Philippines at the same venue in Quezon City, marking this the third time that the tour took place outside North America. The tour this repeated the same format as American Idols Live! Tour 2011, where there were solos and group performances. The first half contained solos from the first five contestants eliminated: Erika Van Pelt, Heejun Han, Deandre Brackensick, Colton Dixon and Elise Testone. The second half started with a set for the runner-up, Jessica Sanchez, then there were performances by Skylar Laine, Hollie Cavanagh and Joshua Ledet, and then a set for the winner, Phillip Phillips. The show ended with a group number. \"Intermission\" The tour was ranked No. 62 in the list of 2012 Year-end Top 200 North American tours, based on total gross income ."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what hapened to Blake Lewis immediate after leaving IDOL?", "answer": {"text": "After the finale of Idol, Blake Lewis has made several appearances on television shows.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did he appear on?", "answer": {"text": "The Morning Show", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other shows?", "answer": {"text": "\"), The Today Show, Live with Regis and Kelly and The Early Show.", "answer_start": 711, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any music?", "answer": {"text": "He performed Maroon 5's \"She Will Be Loved\" on The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet", "answer_start": 573, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles?", "answer": {"text": "' \"You Give Love a Bad Name\" was \"the biggest-selling download of the season\",", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was that released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Lewis took part in the \"American Idols Live! Tour 2007\" from July 6 - September 23, 2007,", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he every tour any other time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where there any other notable songs?", "answer": {"text": "He performed \"She Loves the Way\" on the last show, becoming the first Idol who sang their pre-Idol original materials on the tour.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c719bf6109bd4d8fbb6fc87dc96d7e9e_1_q#0", "question": "Was Letterman really popular", "rewrite": "Was Letterman really popular", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["\"\u00a1Ay, caramba!\" and \"Don't have a cow, man!\"), Marge (her worried \"hmmmm\") and Maggie (her pacifier suck). The writers chose the phrase \"I didn't do it\" because they wanted a \"lousy\" phrase \"to point out how really crummy things can become really popular\". It was also an intentional call back to the first season episode \"Krusty Gets Busted\" where it was a catchphrase of Krusty the Clown. The episode ends with a self-referential scene in which several characters say their catchphrases, including the Simpsons, Ned Flanders, Nelson Muntz, Mr. Burns and Barney Gumble. All of the characters gather around Lisa and stare at her with an anticipating look, and Lisa, displeased, finishes the episode by muttering \" If anyone wants me I'll be in my room\", to which Homer says \"what kind of a catchphrase is that?\" In the episode, Bart appears on the talk show \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". Conan O'Brien was a writer for \"The Simpsons\" during the fourth and early part of the fifth seasons. During the production of the episode, he received an audition to replace David Letterman as the host of \"Late Night\" on NBC, after Letterman defected to CBS. The writers decided that since the episode featured Bart getting famous, it would give them an opportunity to work in O'Brien's show. The part was written just after O'Brien's audition for \"Late Night\", but before he knew he was going to be the host. O'Brien recorded his part shortly after \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" premiered, but he believed NBC would have fired him before the episode aired.", "Madrigale spirituale A madrigale spirituale (Italian; pl. \" madrigali spirituali\") is a madrigal, or madrigal-like piece of music, with a sacred rather than a secular text. Most examples of the form date from the late Renaissance and early Baroque eras, and principally come from Italy and Germany. \"Madrigali spirituali\" were almost always intended for an audience of cultivated, often aristocratic amateurs. They were performed at private houses, academies, and courts of noblemen in Italy and adjacent countries, but almost certainly were not used liturgically. The \"madrigale spirituale\" was an a cappella form, though instrumental accompaniment was used on occasion, especially after 1600. During the Counter-Reformation, there was, to some degree, a reaction against the secularization of the art of music in Italy, Spain and the southern (Catholic) portion of Germany. While that did not stop the composition of secular music (indeed, the explosion of forms and styles of secular music continued unabated), many composers began to adapt the most advanced secular compositional forms to religious usage. On occasion, existing madrigals were merely fitted with a religious text, usually in Latin, without any other change (such adaptations are called \"contrafacta\"). However, some of the madrigali spirituali reached heights of expressive and emotional intensity at least equal to that of the finest madrigalists in their secular compositions. The form was probably encouraged by the Jesuits; some collections were dedicated to them, especially in the 1570s and 1580s.", "Shakerism has a message for this present age\u2013a message as valid today as when it was first expressed. It teaches above all else that God is Love and that our most solemn duty is to show forth that God who is love in the World. In 1992, Canterbury Shaker Village closed, leaving only Sabbathday Lake open. On January 2, 2017, Sister Frances Carr died aged 89 at the Sabbathday community, leaving only two remaining Shakers: Brother Arnold Hadd, age 58, and Sister June Carpenter, 77. The Spring/Summer 2019 issue of the Shaker newsletter \"The Clarion\" also makes reference to a Brother Andrew. These remaining Shakers hope that sincere newcomers will join them. Eldress Bertha of the Canterbury Village closed their official membership book in 1957 and Eldress Bertha did not recognize the younger people living in other Shaker Communities as members. Nevertheless, the Shakers at Sabbathday Lake \"stressed the autonomy of each local community\" and therefore do accept new converts to Shakerism into their community. This Sabbathday Lake Shaker Community receives around two enquiries every week. Four Shakers led the society from 1772 until 1821. After 1821, there was no one single leader, but rather a small nucleus of Ministry elders and eldresses with authority over all the Shaker villages, each with their own teams of elders and eldresses who were subordinate to the Ministry. The Shaker Ministry continued to build the society after Lucy Wright died in 1821: Subsequent members of the Shaker Ministry included: Shaker theology is based on the idea of the dualism of God as male and female: \" So God created him; male and female he created them\" (Genesis 1:27). This passage was interpreted as showing the dual nature of the Creator.", "Bart Gets Famous \"Bart Gets Famous\" is the twelfth episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> fifth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 3, 1994. In the episode, Bart gets a job as Krusty the Clown's production assistant. However, he soon becomes sick of the job and comes close to quitting. During one of his shows, Krusty says he needs to use Bart in a sketch. Bart becomes an accidental star when he says, \"I didn't do it\" during the botched sketch. He becomes famous for his catchphrase but soon becomes tired of being known for one line. The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and was the first episode of the series to be directed by Susie Dietter. Many characters from the show have catchphrases, and the episode mocks the use of catchphrase-based humor. The writers chose the phrase \"I didn't do it\" because they wanted a \"lousy\" phrase \"to point out how really crummy things can become really popular\". Conan O'Brien, a writer for \"The Simpsons\" during the fourth and early part of the fifth season, guest stars as himself. The writers decided to include him in the episode after he received an audition from NBC to replace David Letterman as the host of \"Late Night\". In its original broadcast, \"Bart Gets Famous\" finished 40th in ratings with a Nielsen rating of 11.7, and was viewed in 10.74 million households. Bored on a class trip to a box factory, Bart escapes to the nearby Channel 6 TV studio, where he encounters Krusty the Clown. Krusty is angry that his assistant has failed to get him a Danish, as Bart had eaten it, and fires him on the spot.", "To Marenzio, each madrigal text presented its own problem, which he solved in terms of that text alone: therefore there is no single \"Marenzio style\", and he used the entire repertory of harmonic, textural, and rhetorical devices available to a composer of the late sixteenth century in his work. According to him, each madrigal text was a challenge of \"translation\": printed word into music. By late in his career he was easily the most influential madrigal composer in Europe, and his earlier madrigals became the model for the new school of madrigal composition in England. Marenzio published 23 books of madrigals and related forms, including one book of \"madrigali spirituali\"; he may have produced one further book that does not survive. Nine of the collections are for five voices (and it is possible that he produced a final tenth book); six are for six voices; two are for four voices; one is for four to six voices; and the remaining five are books of villanelle, a lighter form popular in the late 16th century, for three voices only. In addition to secular music, he published two books of motets, one of which is lost, a book of antiphons (now lost), and a book of \"Sacrae cantiones\" for five to seven voices. Almost all of his works were initially published in Venice, except for the \"madrigali spirituali\", which appeared in Rome. Marenzio produced seventeen books of madrigals between 1580 and 1589, which include some of the most expressive, varied and important works in madrigal literature."], "answer": {"text": "In 1993 and 1994, the Late Show consistently gained higher ratings than The Tonight Show.", "answer_start": 1499}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c719bf6109bd4d8fbb6fc87dc96d7e9e_1_q#1", "question": "How many viewers did he have", "rewrite": "How many viewers did David Letterman have", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["List of David Letterman sketches CBS's Late Show with David Letterman regularly featured different sketches that follow the monologue and precede interviews with guests. Often these are repeated absurdist segments, involving various cast members, Dave's friends, audience participation, edited or contrived news or promotional videos, or competitions or stunts staged outside the Ed Sullivan Theater. Many of the same sketches originally debuted on Letterman's previous series, NBC's \"Late Night with David Letterman\" and \"The David Letterman Show\". The show's regularly scheduled segments consisted of \"Small Town News\" on Mondays and \"Fun Facts\" on Fridays. Thursdays often featured a rotating set of three audience participation segments: \"Know Your Current Events\", \"Stump the Band\", and \"Audience Show and Tell.\" \"Stupid Pet Tricks\" and \"Stupid Human Tricks\", two of Letterman's trademark bits from \"Late Night\", continued to be presented on the \"Late Show\", though much less frequently. There were also running gags, which may continue for about a month, such as playing Jos\u00e9 Feliciano's \"Old Turkey Buzzard\" or other sound effects when a card \"crashes through the window\" or telephone calls from \"Len Easton, California Highway Patrol\" or Joe McCain on a telephone that Dave acknowledges is a prop that is not connected. Dave expresses amusement or annoyance when these recurring events. This article focuses on sketches that have been featured on the \"Late Show with David Letterman\". Announcer Alan Kalter's (and before him, Bill Wendell's) introduction of Letterman, while technically not a skit, assigned a bizarre modification to Letterman's name and appears at the beginning of every show. (\"\"And now: Microscopic Sea Creature, David Letterman!\" \") Letterman's title changes every night and often makes reference to a current event.", "List of The Late Show with David Letterman episodes The following is a list of notable episodes from \"Late Show with David Letterman\" since its inception on August 30, 1993. \" Late Show with David Letterman\" is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman that ran on CBS between August 30, 1993 and May 20, 2015. The premiere of \"Late Show\", featuring actor/comedian Bill Murray and singer Billy Joel, attracts 23 million viewers. Murray, who had been Letterman's first \"Late Night\" guest on NBC in 1982, spray-painted \"Dave!\" on the front of the host's desk. On March 31, 1994, pop star Madonna appeared on the \"Late Show\". The official \"Queen of Pop\", who is known for controversy, infamously swore thirteen times throughout the interview and refused to leave at the end. Letterman, who asked her questions on various topics including her nose ring, music, and love life, was soon branded a \"sick fuck\", after he suggested Madonna kiss a member of the audience. Madonna went on to ask if Letterman was wearing a \"rug\", whether he wanted to smell a pair of underwear she brought on the show, or whether he thought the microphone was sexually big. In between this, Madonna often swore and referred to sexual themes including her vagina, saying: \"Did you know it's good to pee in the shower?\" Eventually, she swore so much that the producers went to commercials and showed comedic monologues of Madonna. Letterman has since stated, in \"USA Today\": \"I'm not pleased with the way I handled it. I should have said, 'You say that word one more time and you're gone. That's it. Adios.' And I didn't. \" Madonna appeared days later on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\".", "Late Night with David Letterman Late Night with David Letterman is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman. It premiered on NBC on February 1, 1982, and concluded on June 25, 1993. Letterman began hosting \"Late Show with David Letterman\" on CBS in August 1993. The series has since been reformatted as \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" and \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\". In 2013, this series and \"Late Show with David Letterman\" were ranked #41 on TV Guide's 60 Best Series of All Time. After his morning show on NBC was canceled in October 1980 after only 18 weeks on the air, David Letterman was still held in sufficient regard by the network brass (especially NBC president Fred Silverman) that upon hearing the 33-year-old comedian was being courted by a syndication company, NBC gave him a $20,000 per week ($1,000,000 for a year) deal to sit out a year and guest-host a few times on Johnny Carson's \"Tonight Show\". In 1981, NBC and Carson, after significant acrimony, reached an agreement on a new contract, which (among other concessions to Carson) granted the venerable host the rights to the time slot immediately following \"The Tonight Show\". All throughout 1981, in addition to guest-hosting the \"Tonight Show\" as outlined in the terms of his NBC contract, Letterman also frequently appeared as guest on the highly-rated program as the network groomed the 34-year-old for a new project.", "In addition, during the years when the television networks didn't broadcast 24 hours a day, Wendell anchored a five-minute summary of the day's news\u2014the last program NBC would air before local affiliates would sign off\u2014on which he was heard but not seen as a network hand displayed still images or illustrations related to the brief news items. His most notable stint on television was as David Letterman's announcer, beginning partway through the short-lived morning program \"The David Letterman Show\" in 1980. He continued with Letterman as the regular announcer for NBC's \"Late Night with David Letterman\" from 1982\u20131993, the entirety of the show's NBC run. In addition to his duties as announcer, Wendell occasionally participated in sketches, usually playing himself. He moved with Letterman to CBS in 1993, staying as announcer on the \"Late Show with David Letterman\". Wendell retired in mid-1995, with his last episode airing on August 18. Following a two-week hiatus, Alan Kalter succeeded him as announcer on September 4. Kalter had previously replaced Wendell as announcer for the final season of \"To Tell the Truth\" in 1977-78. Before he announced for David Letterman's \"Late Night\", Wendell was announcer on Tom Snyder's \"Tomorrow Show\" when Snyder moved production from Burbank, California to New York. Letterman's show replaced Snyder's and kept Wendell as announcer. On the June 14, 2018 episode of \"The Carson Podcast\" with guest Robert Morton (Producer of \"The Late Show\"), Morton revealed that Letterman had wanted Wendell gone for ages and that Wendell was finally fired for getting caught stealing water bottles purchased by and sent out for the show's staff on multiple occasions. Wendell also appeared as a TV announcer in the movie \"Mr. Saturday Night\", which starred Billy Crystal.", "Familiar bits that became staples of Letterman's comedy on his later shows were originally introduced on this show. They include: \"Small Town News\", \"Stupid Pet Tricks\", and an ever-changing non-sequitur opening introduction immediately before Letterman is seen on camera. (e.g., \"And now, a man whose recipe for triple fudge brownies includes two quarts of vodka, sauerkraut, and a heaping tablespoon of love... David Letterman!\") Because Letterman owned the rights to \"The David Letterman Show\", he was able to claim ownership of all the sketches that originally aired on it; this would prove valuable in 1993, when Letterman left NBC to launch the \"Late Show\". NBC wanted to claim that much of the work he did on \"Late Night\" was the property of NBC, but because those sketches were carryovers from \"The David Letterman Show\", he was allowed to take them to CBS. The production staff consisted of George Callahan, Kim Carney, Lee B. Chernick, Barbara Gaines, Edd Hall, Tim Holton, Brian J. McAloon, Meg Mortimer, Dency Nelson, and David Reale. The news producer was Alan Mohan, and the news writer was Nick Allen. Bill Kelley was the technical director. The musical director was Frank Owens who led the \"David Letterman Symphony Orchestra\" (actually a four person combo) and traded jokes with Letterman. Longtime NBC newsman Edwin Newman provided live news updates in the studio during each broadcast; studio audience members would often interrupt his reporting with laughter or groans, as if Newman were an anchor on \"Saturday Night Live\"'s \"Weekend Update\". The program was produced by Space Age Meats, a precursor to Letterman's later production company, Worldwide Pants Incorporated."], "answer": {"text": "Letterman in the ratings by a 1.3 million viewer margin (5.2 million to 3.9 million),", "answer_start": 554}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Letterman really popular", "answer": {"text": "In 1993 and 1994, the Late Show consistently gained higher ratings than The Tonight Show.", "answer_start": 1499, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_c719bf6109bd4d8fbb6fc87dc96d7e9e_1_q#2", "question": "How was his rating", "rewrite": "How was David Letterman's ratings compared to the Tonight Show?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["O'Brien's public statement that he would \"not participate in the destruction of \"The Tonight Show\"\" led to negotiations with NBC for a settlement. O'Brien and his staff received (equivalent to about $M in ) to walk away from the network, with his final \"Tonight Show\" airing January 22, 2010; Leno was reinstated as host that March, while after a contractual seven-month ban on appearing on television, O'Brien moved to TBS to host \"Conan\". The controversy surrounding the scheduling move and the reinstatement of Leno was described by media outlets as \"embarrassing\" for the network and a \"public relations disaster\". On May 22, 1992, Johnny Carson, host of NBC's \"The Tonight Show\" for nearly 30 years, retired from the program at the age of 66. The network signed Jay Leno, Carson's \"permanent guest host\", to become the program's fourth host upon Carson's exit. Carson clearly held the view the position should be given to David Letterman, host of his own program, \"Late Night\", which had directly followed Carson's \"Tonight Show\" for ten years. NBC tried to appease both stars, but Letterman left the network in a very public conflict that resulted in the creation of his own competing show on CBS, which began in 1993. \" Late Show with David Letterman\", \"the first truly substantial competing franchise to \"Tonight\"\", regularly won in the Nielsen ratings against Leno for two years, \"proving for the first time that late-night television\u2014and the profits that came with it\u2014could exist beyond \"The Tonight Show\".\" Leno's \"Tonight Show\" started rocky; prior to Letterman's move, NBC considered matching CBS's offer to allow Letterman to take over from Leno.", "\" The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" then began its second incarnation, the sixth of the franchise, on March 1, 2010. Leno left \"The Tonight Show\" for good on February 6, 2014 and on February 17, was succeeded by \"Late Night\" host Jimmy Fallon, at which time the series returned to New York for the first time since 1972. Johnny Carson retired from \"The Tonight Show\" on May 22, 1992, and was replaced by Jay Leno. David Letterman wanted to move into the earlier time slot from his late night spot after \"The Tonight Show\", and he was also considered by many as the natural successor (despite Leno having been Carson's permanent guest host for several years). Carson always favored Letterman; notably Carson, who had been interviewed by Letterman, made two appearances on Letterman's rival CBS show, made no mention of Leno during his final shows and regularly sent Letterman monologue jokes in his final years. With his heart set on the earlier time slot, Letterman left NBC in June 1993 and joined CBS that August. \" The Late Show with David Letterman\", airing in the same slot, competed against \"The Tonight Show\" for the remainder of Leno's run. Conan O'Brien slid into the late night time slot vacated by Letterman in September 1993. On September 27, 2004, the 50th anniversary of \"The Tonight Show\"s debut, NBC announced Leno would be succeeded by O'Brien, in 2009. Leno explained he did not want to see a repeat of the hard feelings and controversy that occurred when he was given the show over Letterman following Carson's retirement. It was announced on July 21, 2008 that Leno would host his final episode of \"The Tonight Show\" on Friday, May 29, 2009 with O'Brien and James Taylor as his guests.", "In October 2010, Letterman beat Leno's program in the ratings, for the first time since Leno returned to hosting \"The Tonight Show\". In the May 2011 sweeps period, all of NBCs late night programming had increased viewership. \" The Tonight Show\" received a 15% increase in viewership compared with the first 36 weeks of last season. In that process, it outlasted rival late night talk shows \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" on ABC, as well as \"Late Show with David Letterman\" on CBS. Both of Leno's lead-in, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" and \"Last Call with Carson Daly\", also received increased viewership. For the season, in the 18\u201349 demographic, \"The Tonight Show\" had 4 million viewers, compared with \"Late Show\", which had 3.5 million, and \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\", which had only 1.9 million. \"Nightline\", though, still beat Leno in the May 2011 sweeps, with 4.4 million viewers. Series High Weekly Highs The show was telecast in Australia by The Comedy Channel before being discontinued in July 2010, shortly after Leno's reinstatement as the host of \"The Tonight Show\". The channel had been airing versions by the various presenters under the title \"Late Night Legends\". Currently, \"The Tonight Show\" is one of the only late-night television shows that cannot be viewed on Australian television. The only shows available are \"Late Show with David Letterman\" on Network Ten, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on The Comedy Channel, \"The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson\" on Eleven and \"Conan\" on GEM. From 1991 to 2000 the cable channel Superstation showed both \"The Tonight Show\" and \"Late Show\" in daily bases, one week after airing in the United States.", "Headlines (Jay Leno) Headlines was a segment that aired weekly on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It also aired on the prime-time spin-off \"The Jay Leno Show\". The segment usually aired on Monday nights. It was first seen in 1987, when Leno was still a guest host on \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\", and continued until Jay Leno left The Tonight Show in 2014. Viewers submitted newspaper headlines or other articles from all over the world, and the clippings contain either (but not limited to) a misspelled word, juxtaposed image or badly structured sentences that comically (and often in an unintentionally risqu\u00e9 way) completely change the meaning of what the writer intended. Since the early 1980s, David Letterman had been doing a similar segment called \"Small Town News\" (albeit on and off) on \"The David Letterman Show\", \"Late Night with David Letterman\" and \"Late Show with David Letterman\". Conan O'Brien parodied \"Headlines\" on Late Night with Conan O'Brien in a segment called \"Actual Items\", which uses advertisements purposefully doctored by the show's prop and writing staffs. Jimmy Fallon includes an updated version called \"Screengrabs\" (which uses online media), on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\". On December 18, 2006, both Letterman and Leno included in their segments an item in \"The Dallas Morning News\" about Letterman, which included a photograph of Leno. In January 2010, during the replacement of O'Brien as \"Tonight Show\" host, Letterman ran a fake promo (featuring former \"Tonight\" announcer Edd Hall) for the return of Leno to \"The Tonight Show\", referring to \"Headlines\" as \"the bit", "Late Night with David Letterman Late Night with David Letterman is an American late-night talk show hosted by David Letterman. It premiered on NBC on February 1, 1982, and concluded on June 25, 1993. Letterman began hosting \"Late Show with David Letterman\" on CBS in August 1993. The series has since been reformatted as \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" and \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\". In 2013, this series and \"Late Show with David Letterman\" were ranked #41 on TV Guide's 60 Best Series of All Time. After his morning show on NBC was canceled in October 1980 after only 18 weeks on the air, David Letterman was still held in sufficient regard by the network brass (especially NBC president Fred Silverman) that upon hearing the 33-year-old comedian was being courted by a syndication company, NBC gave him a $20,000 per week ($1,000,000 for a year) deal to sit out a year and guest-host a few times on Johnny Carson's \"Tonight Show\". In 1981, NBC and Carson, after significant acrimony, reached an agreement on a new contract, which (among other concessions to Carson) granted the venerable host the rights to the time slot immediately following \"The Tonight Show\". All throughout 1981, in addition to guest-hosting the \"Tonight Show\" as outlined in the terms of his NBC contract, Letterman also frequently appeared as guest on the highly-rated program as the network groomed the 34-year-old for a new project."], "answer": {"text": "Once O'Brien took over Tonight, however, Letterman closed the gap in the ratings.", "answer_start": 693}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Letterman really popular", "answer": {"text": "In 1993 and 1994, the Late Show consistently gained higher ratings than The Tonight Show.", "answer_start": 1499, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How many viewers did he have", "answer": {"text": "Letterman in the ratings by a 1.3 million viewer margin (5.2 million to 3.9 million),", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_c719bf6109bd4d8fbb6fc87dc96d7e9e_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["She said the sudden responsibilities they faced, the need to make the right decisions, and the fact they both grieved over past lovers helped connect them further, and it is a connection they do not have with others. Rothenberg originally stated that while he would not go as far to say that it was love at first sight for Lexa, \"it definitely was a bit of a thunderbolt moment for her when she first saw Clarke.\" He said Clarke's attraction to Lexa \"developed a little bit more slowly, but by the end [...] they were very much intrigued at the possibility of a romantic relationship.\" He later said \"Lexa was definitely smitten\u2014like love at first sight, probably\", but maintained it took longer for Clarke to develop romantic feelings for Lexa. Debnam-Carey considered the characters being \"very adaptable\" as one of the interesting aspects of their dynamic. Sacrifices the characters make are \"for a much greater goal in the end\". They have also \"taken characteristics from each other,\" with Lexa becoming more trusting and learning that love can be empowering, and Clarke becoming more ruthless. \"It's very interesting to see the way they ebb and flow with each other,\" said Debnam-Carey. Of Lexa possibly putting Clarke first instead of her own people, she said perhaps if \"Clarke was able to assimilate to their culture as well and become more of a right-hand man, then maybe I think Lexa could\u2014then that would be a merger of two people. \" Lexa's weaknesses, as indicated by Debnam-Carey, are her feelings for her people and Clarke. Debnam-Carey appreciated the fact the writers did not make a big deal of defining either characters' sexuality or their romantic relationship.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Ex parte Curtis Ex parte Curtis, 106 U.S. 371 (1882), is an 8-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court that the Act of August 15, 1876 was a constitutional exercise of the enumerated powers of the United States Congress under of the United States Constitution. The petitioner had been convicted of receiving money for political purposes in violation of the Act. The petitioner asked the Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote the opinion for the majority. The constitutional grounds under which the petitioner challenged the Act were not discussed by the Court. Waite noted that Congress had a lengthy history of passing laws restricting the rights and privileges of civil servants, and the constitutionality of such laws had never before been challenged. Next, Waite affirmed that Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution clearly gave Congress the power to determine for itself what was proper in the realm of reining in political corruption: Waite refused to pass judgment on the validity of the writ of habeas corpus, concluding that the Supreme Court's \"jurisdiction is limited to the single question of the power of the court to commit the prisoner for the act of which he has been convicted.\" Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley dissented. He concluded that the Act impermissibly infringed on First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of association: Justice Bradley also concluded that the Act was overbroad and that the same positive ends (ending political corruption) could have been achieved by alternative, narrower means. One of the interesting aspects of the majority's decision is that it believed Congress prohibited not civil servants from making political donations on their own but making such donations through their supervisors. Justice Bradley dissented, in part, by arguing that the law banned even voluntary contributions made through superiors (a ban that he felt was unconstitutional).", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge."], "answer": {"text": "Letterman's shows have garnered both critical and industry praise, receiving 67 Emmy Award nominations, winning 12 times in his first 20 years", "answer_start": 994}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Letterman really popular", "answer": {"text": "In 1993 and 1994, the Late Show consistently gained higher ratings than The Tonight Show.", "answer_start": 1499, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How many viewers did he have", "answer": {"text": "Letterman in the ratings by a 1.3 million viewer margin (5.2 million to 3.9 million),", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "How was his rating", "answer": {"text": "Once O'Brien took over Tonight, however, Letterman closed the gap in the ratings.", "answer_start": 693, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe64276a62204a4780683986d45c0768_1_q#0", "question": "What are hagiographies?", "rewrite": "What are hagiographies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It is perhaps relevant that the apparent proliferation of martyred royal saints occurred in the late eighth and early ninth centuries, shortly after the 786 visit of the Papal legates to England, during which they had strongly condemned the killing of kings and princes. Another possibility for the propagation of the cults of martyred royalty may be political rather than ecclesiastical. These cults might have been cultivated by the enemies of the killers, who hoped that the cults would express and focus opposition to the latter. For instance, Cnut may have promoted the cult of Edward the Martyr to cast a negative image on \u00c6thelred the Unready, who may have been Edward's killer and who a key rival of Cnut's. In Anglo-Saxon England, hagiographies\u2014or written accounts of a saints' life\u2014were not designed to serve as accurate biographies but rather as outlining a holy life for others to emulate. Evidence from the dedications found in Anglo-Saxon hagiographies suggest that they were intended largely for religious communities and in some cases for kings. That they were often written in Latin, and sometimes used complex Latin terminology, presupposes that their primary audience was ecclesiastical. In a few cases, some Old English translations were produced\u2014there are Old English examples of Felix's \"Life of St Guthlac\" and Bede's \"Life of St Chad\"\u2014which could allow these hagiographers to have had a wider audience. The \"Life of Saint Guthlac\" and Bede's \"Life of St Cuthbert\" for instance both provide a description of how to be a good monk or hermit. There are other stories within the hagiographies that would have had greater relevance to layfolk, in particular members of the royalty and nobility.", "Sources on women in Daoism include both collections of biographies of \"xian\" (\"immortals; transcendents\"), technically \"hagiographies\" insofar as \"xian\" are saints, and works by women authors, particularly about \"neidan\" inner alchemy. Daoist biographical compilations, dating back to the c. 2nd century CE \"Liexian zhuan\" and 4th century \"Shenxian zhuan\", generally include hagiographies of both men and women, but there are two works dealing exclusively with the lives of women in Daoism (Despeux 2008: 173). The first text is the 913 \"Yongcheng jixian lu\" (\u5889\u57ce\u96c6\u4ed9\u9304, Records of the Immortals Gathered in the Walled City), compiled by the Daoist priest and author Du Guangting (850-933). Du's preface says the original text contained 109 hagiographies of Shangqing masters, but the received text exists in two partial versions, with 37 biographies in the canonical \"Daozang\" and 28 in the \"Yunji Qiqian\" anthology, only two of which are identical. Based on the extant fragments of the collection, the majority of Daoist women presented belonged to the Shangqing School during the Tang. In his preface Du Guangting emphasizes that, according to Shangqing teachings, the Primordial Father (Yuanfu \u5143\u7236) and the Metal Mother Jinmu \u91d1\u6bcd) are in charge of entering the names of male and female adepts in the heavenly registers of immortality, which are overseen by Xiwangmu, protectress of the immortals of Yongcheng, the Heavenly Walled City on Mount Kunlun.", "Jeffrey Ebbesen notes that, just like other bhakti saint-poets of India and some cases of Western literature authorship, many poems composed by later era Indian poets have been attributed to Ravidas, as an act of reverence, even though Ravidas has had nothing to do with these poems or ideas expressed therein. Peter Friedlander states that Ravidas' hagiographies, though authored long after he died, depict a struggle within the Indian society, where Ravidas' life gives the means to express a variety of social and spiritual themes. At one level, it depicts a struggle between the then prevalent heterodox communities and the orthodox Brahminical tradition. At another level, the legends are an inter-communal, inter-religious struggle with an underlying search and desire for social unity. At yet another level, states Friedlander, the stories describe the spiritual struggle of an individual unto self. There is no historical evidence to verify the historicity in these hagiographies, which range from Ravidas's struggle with Hindu Brahmins, to his struggle with Muslim Sultan Sikander Lodi. Friedlander states that the stories reflect the social dynamics that influenced the composers of the hagiographies during the 17th- to 20th-century. These are legends where Ravidas is victorious because God intervened with miracles such as making a stone float in water, or making river Ganges to reverse course and flow upstream. David Lorenzen similarly states that poetry attributed to Ravidas, and championed by \"Ravidasi\" (his followers) from the 17th- through the 20th-century, have a strong anti-Brahminical and anti-communal theme.", "Estimates based on archaeology and text range from Briggs' 11th- to 12th-century to Baba Farid documents and Jnanesvari manuscripts leading Abbott to connect Gorakhnath to the 13th-century, to Grierson who relying on evidence discovered in Gujarat suggests the 14th-century. His influence is found in the numerous references to him in the poetry of Kabir and of Guru Nanak of Sikhism, which describe him as a very powerful leader with a large following, thereby suggesting he likely lived around the time these spiritual leaders lived in India. Historical texts imply that Gorakhnath was originally a Buddhist in a region influenced by Shaivism, and he converted to Hinduism championing Shiva and Yoga. Gorakhnath led a life as a passionate exponent of ideas of Kumarila and Adi Shankara that championed the Yoga and Advaita Vedanta interpretation of the Upanishads. Gorakhnath considered the controversy between dualism and nondualism spiritual theories in medieval India as useless from practice point of view, he emphasized that the choice is of the yogi, that the spiritual discipline and practice by either path leads to \"perfectly illumined samadhi state of the individual phenomenal consciousness\", states Banerjea. The hagiography on Gorakhnath describe him to have appeared on earth several times. The legends do not provide a time or place where he was born, and consider him to be superhuman. North Indian hagiographies suggest he originated from northwest India ( Punjab, with some mentioning Peshawar). Other hagiographies on Gorakhnath in (Bengal) and Bihar suggest he originated from eastern region of India (including Bangladesh). These hagiographies are inconsistent, and offer varying records of the spiritual descent of Gorakhnath. All name Adinath and Matsyendranath as two teachers preceding him in the succession.", "Fizeau's dissatisfaction with the result of his own experiment is easily discerned in the conclusion to his report:  The success of the experiment seems to me to render the adoption of Fresnel's hypothesis necessary, or at least the law which he found for the expression of the alteration of the velocity of light by the effect of motion of a body; for although that law being found true may be a very strong proof in favour of the hypothesis of which it is only a consequence, perhaps the conception of Fresnel may appear so extraordinary, and in some respects so difficult, to admit, that other proofs and a profound examination on the part of geometricians will still be necessary before adopting it as an expression of the real facts of the case. Despite the dissatisfaction of most physicists with Fresnel's partial aether-dragging hypothesis, repetitions and improvements to his experiment (see sections above) by others confirmed his results to high accuracy. Besides the problems of the partial aether-dragging hypothesis, another major problem arose with the Michelson\u2013Morley experiment (1887). In Fresnel's theory, the aether is almost stationary, so the experiment should have given a positive result. However, the result of this experiment was negative. Thus from the viewpoint of the aether models at that time, the experimental situation was contradictory: On one hand, the aberration of light, the Fizeau experiment and the repetition by Michelson and Morley in 1886 appeared to support partial aether-dragging. On the other hand, the Michelson\u2013Morley experiment of 1887 appeared to prove that the aether is at rest with respect to Earth, apparently supporting the idea of complete aether-dragging (see aether drag hypothesis)."], "answer": {"text": "the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism.", "answer_start": 205}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fe64276a62204a4780683986d45c0768_1_q#1", "question": "What kind of beliefs?", "rewrite": "What kind of beliefs are held by the Vakari sect of Hinduism?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hajong Hinduism Hajong Hinduism or Hajong folk religion, also called Dyaoism, is the form of Hinduism practiced by the Hajong people of Northeast India, they are the fourth largest ethnicity in the Indian state of Meghalaya. This is particularly associated with the Hajong people and represents a distinct form of Hindu worship incorporating tribal animism. Hajong Hinduism is the mixture of Hinduism and the animistic beliefs of the Hajong people. This sect of Hinduism includes worship of gods and deities of Hindu origin, demigods and spirits, all referred to as Dyao. The Hajong people have been practicing Hinduism since a long time. It is not known when the process of Hinduisation started. During the pre-Hindu period, among the Hajongs animism was the indigenous religion. As it was not seen to conflict with the rites of nature worship, Hinduism started to blend in with animism. Shiva (Shib Dyao), Vishnu (Bisnu Dyao) and Durga (Durg\u00e2 Dyao) or Kali (Kali Dyao) are the supreme gods. Other Hindu deities like Lakshmi (Lukkhi Dyao), Sarasvati (Sorosuti Dyao), Krishna (Krisno Dyao), Ganesha (Gones Dyao) are worshipped by the Hajongs. Along with the Hindu deities, a number of traditional deities are worshipped by the Hajong Hindus. Minor deities include disease causing spirits, river spirits and animal spirits. Hajongs are agrarian people, near the paddy fields animals like monkeys, elephants and foxes are offered rice and side dishes associated with each animal. The bastu group of deities also include a horse and an elephant. There are two types of priests who perform the worship of the Dyaos. The Hajong equivalent of the Hindu Brahmin.", "Classified by primary deity or deities, four major Hinduism modern currents are Vaishnavism (Vishnu), Shaivism (Shiva), Shaktism (Devi) and Smartism (five deities treated as same). These deity-centered denominations feature a synthesis of various philosophies such as Samkhya, Yoga and Vedanta, as well as shared spiritual concepts such as moksha, dharma, karma, samsara, ethical precepts such as ahimsa, texts (Upanishads, Puranas, Mahabharata, Agamas), ritual grammar and rites of passage. McDaniel (2007) distinguishes six generic types of Hinduism, in an attempt to accommodate a variety of views on a rather complex subject: In Hinduism, a \"sampradaya\" (IAST \" \") is a denomination. These are teaching traditions with autonomous practices and monastic centers, with a guru lineage, with ideas developed and transmitted, redefined and reviewed by each successive generation of followers. A particular guru lineage is called \"parampara\". By receiving diksha (initiation) into the \"parampara\" of a living guru, one belongs to its proper \"sampradaya\". Vaishnavism is a devotional sect of Hinduism, which worships the god Vishnu as the Supreme Lord (Svayam Bhagavan). As well as Vishnu himself, followers of the sect also worship Vishnu's ten incarnations (the Dashavatara). The two most-worshipped incarnations of Vishnu are Krishna and Rama, whose stories are told in the Mahabharata and the Ramayana respectively. The adherents of this sect are generally non-ascetic, monastic and devoted to meditative practice and ecstatic chanting. Vaishnavites are deeply devotional. Their religion is rich in saints, temples and scriptures.", "Vakari  Vakari is a settlement in Haanja Parish, V\u00f5ru County in southeastern Estonia.", "Indonesian school text books describe Hinduism as having one supreme being, Hindus offering three daily mandatory prayers, and Hinduism as having certain common beliefs that in part parallel those of Islam. Scholars contest whether these Indonesian government recognized and assigned beliefs reflect the traditional beliefs and practices of Hindus in Indonesia before Indonesia gained independence from Dutch colonial rule. Some of these officially recognized Hindu beliefs include:  The sacred texts found in \"Agama Hindu Dharma\" are the Vedas and Upanishads. They are the basis of Indian and Balinese Hinduism. Other sources of religious information include the Universal Hindu Puranas and the Itihasa (mainly \"Ramayana\" and the \"Mahabharata\"). The epics \"Mahabharata\" and \"Ramayana\" became enduring traditions among Indonesian believers, expressed in shadow puppet (\"wayang\") and dance performances. As in India, Indonesian Hinduism recognizes four paths of spirituality, calling it \"Catur Marga\". These are bhakti m\u0101rga (path of devotion to deities), jnana m\u0101rga (path of knowledge), karma m\u0101rga (path of works) and raja m\u0101rga (path of meditation). Bhakti marga has the largest following in Bali. Similarly, like Hindus in India, Balinese Hindus believe that there are four proper goals of human life, calling it \"Catur Purusartha\" - dharma (pursuit of moral and ethical living), artha (pursuit of wealth and creative activity), kama (pursuit of joy and love) and moksha (pursuit of self-knowledge and liberation). Balinese Hinduism is an amalgamation of Indian religions and indigenous animist customs that existed in Indonesian archipelago before the arrival of Islam and later Dutch colonialism. It integrates many of the core beliefs of Hinduism with arts and rituals of Balinese people.", "It includes many of the Indian spiritual ideas, cherishes legends and myths of Indian Puranas and Hindu Epics, as well as expresses its traditions through unique set of festivals and customs associated with a myriad of hyangs - the local and ancestral spirits, as well as forms of animal sacrifice that are not common in India. The general beliefs and practices of \"Agama Hindu Dharma\" as practiced in Bali are a mixture of ancient traditions and contemporary pressures placed by Indonesian laws that permit only monotheist belief under the national ideology of \"panca sila\". Traditionally, Hinduism in Indonesia had a pantheon of deities and that tradition of belief continues in practice; further, Hinduism in Indonesia granted freedom and flexibility to Hindus as to when, how and where to pray. However, officially, Indonesian government considers and advertises Indonesian Hinduism as a monotheistic religion with certain officially recognized beliefs that comply with its national ideology. Indonesian school text books describe Hinduism as having one supreme being, Hindus offering three daily mandatory prayers, and Hinduism as having certain common beliefs that in part parallel those of Islam. Scholars contest whether these Indonesian government recognized and assigned beliefs reflect the traditional Balinese Hindu beliefs and practices before Indonesia gained independence from Dutch colonial rule. Some of the Hindu beliefs officially recognized by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion include:  The sacred texts found in \"Agama Hindu Dharma\" are the Vedas and Upanishads. They are the basis of Indian and Balinese Hinduism. Other sources of religious information include the Universal Hindu Puranas and the Itihasa (mainly \"Ramayana\" and the \"Mahabharata\"). The epics \"Mahabharata\" and \"Ramayana\" became enduring traditions among Indonesian believers, expressed in shadow puppet (\"wayang\") and dance performances. As in India, Indonesian Hinduism recognizes four paths of spirituality, calling it \"Catur Marga\"."], "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\"", "answer_start": 874}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe64276a62204a4780683986d45c0768_1_q#2", "question": "Were his writings taken seriously?", "rewrite": "Were Vakari's writings taken seriously?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Post-irony  Post-irony (from Latin \"post\" (after) and Ancient Greek \"\", meaning dissimulation (or feigned ignorance)) is a term used to connote a state in which earnest and ironic intents become muddled. Confusingly, it may less commonly refer to its converse: a return from irony to earnestness, similar to New Sincerity. Examples of post-ironic artwork include the London based record label PC Music, South African band Die Antwoord, the British television show \"Garth Marenghi's Darkplace\" and the Werner Herzog film \"\". Noted surreal humor comedian Tim Heidecker portrays a man living a post-ironic lifestyle in \"The Comedy\". In literature, David Foster Wallace is often described as the founder of a \"postironic\" literature. His essays \"E Unibus Pluram\" and \"Fictional Futures and the Conspicuously Young\" describe and hope for a literature that goes beyond postmodern irony. Other authors often described as postironic are Dave Eggers, Tao Lin, and Alex Shakar. Whereas in postmodern irony something is meant to be cynically mocked and not taken seriously and in new sincerity something is meant to be taken seriously or \"unironically\", post-irony combines these two elements by either having something absurd taken seriously or be unclear as to whether something is meant to be ironic. Over the years, it has become an increasingly common form of rhetoric on imageboards such as reddit, 4chan, 8chan, Krautchan, Ylilauta, and Karachan. One example given is the film \"\": This term has become increasingly popular and has some detractors:", "Vakari  Vakari is a settlement in Haanja Parish, V\u00f5ru County in southeastern Estonia.", "How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously? \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" is the third single from Pet Shop Boys' album \"Behaviour\". It was released in the UK as a double A-side with \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)\" by Parlophone Records on 11 March 1991. It was subsequently released as a single in its own right in the United States and France. The single later peaked at a low number 93 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. As \"Being Boring\" and \"It's Alright\" were not released in the US, tracks from these releases were used on a number of the American releases. Of interest to collectors, EMI USA commissioned dance DJ David Morales to create 5 remixes that were released to clubs and DJs on a limited promotion 12\". Morales would later work with the duo co-writing and co-producing the 1999 single \"New York City Boy\". Neil Tennant later said that the track 'was inspired by a female pop star from 1989', it is strongly believed that the inspiration was in fact Transvision Vamp frontwoman Wendy James. Below is a listing of formats which featured \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously?\" as the main song. Additional track listings can be found on the page about \"Where the Streets Have No Name (I Can't Take My Eyes off You)\". \"How Can You Expect to Be Taken Seriously? \" was heavily remixed for single release. The version used for the music video was also released on 7-inch vinyl and cassette-single. Due to its playing time of 4:10 minutes, it is often confused with the similar \"Perfect Attitude mix\", which has an identical playing time, but a different introduction.", "Vela y Cueto found no solace among her monastic sisters and brother, in the end she turned to her real brothers, Lorenzo and Diego \"who would tolerate no disparaging remarks about her, insisting that their sister was 'a saint' even when her fellow nuns in the convent challenged the sanctity that Maria's brothers associated with her extreme ascetism and visions. In 1603 Vela y Cueto would cross paths with Dr. Miguel Gonzalez Vaquero who ended being her spiritual supervisor and sympathizer of sorts. Vaquero was a secular priest who was also raised in Avila and heard about the thrashing nun and decided to make it his personal goal to help Vela y Cueto make sense of her divine interventions. As time went on Vela y Cueto slowly found herself to be a respected member of the convent through her involvement with the novitiates the leading of worship through song while playing the organ. On September 17 of 1614, Vela y Cueto fell ill with pleurisy and pneumonia and lasted until September 24th of that same year. \" [H]er body, writings, and reputation were all taken over by priestly guardians. Chief among them was Dr. Vaquero, the sympathetic confessor of her later years and author of the biography, \"La Mujer Fuerte\", first published in 1618. With her life and writings taken over by hagiographers, Do\u00f1a Maria's body and clothes were soon sought after by relic-gatherers and, instead of being buried in a simple shroud and an insignificant grave as her sisters Jeronima and Isabel had been, her corpse was honoured in the grand ceremonial of a funeral which the Bishop of Avila organised and attended, before her burial in an imposing tomb.\" Bilinkoff, Jodi (2005). \"Related Lives\".", "Kerygma  Kerygma (from the ancient Greek word \"k\u00e9rugma\") is a Greek word used in the New Testament for \"proclamation\" (see Luke 4:18-19, Romans 10:14, ). It is related to the Greek verb \"k\u0113r\u00fass\u014d\", literally meaning \"to cry or proclaim as a herald\" and being used in the sense of \"to proclaim, announce, preach\". Merriam-Webster defines it as \"the apostolic proclamation of salvation through Jesus Christ\". Amongst biblical scholars, the term has come to mean the core of the early church's oral tradition about Jesus. \"Kerygmatic\" is sometimes used to express the message of Jesus' whole ministry, as \"a proclamation addressed not to the theoretical reason, but to the hearer as a self\"; as opposed to the didactic use of Scripture that seeks understanding in the light of what is taught. The meaning of the crucifixion is central to this concept. During the mid-20th century, when the literary genre of the New Testament gospels was under debate, scholars like C. H. Dodd and Rudolf Bultmann suggested that the gospels were of a genre unique in the ancient world. They called the genre \"kerygma\" and described it as a later development of preaching that had taken a literary form. Scholarship since then has found problems with Bultmann's theory, but in Biblical and theological discussions, the term kerygma has come to denote the irreducible essence of Christian apostolic preaching. The ancient Christian kerygma as summarized by Dodd from Peter's speeches in the New Testament Book of Acts was: The New Testament is a collection of early Christian writings taken to be holy scripture. It includes many of the same proclamations as the oral tradition that preceded it."], "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of beliefs?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\"", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe64276a62204a4780683986d45c0768_1_q#3", "question": "What did they do with those influences?", "rewrite": "What did people forbidden by the Brahmin elite do with Vakari's influence?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Several turnpikes were constructed between cities to aid transportation, especially of cattle and sheep to markets. A major east-west route, the Worcester Turnpike (now Massachusetts Route 9), was constructed in 1810. Others included the Newburyport Turnpike (now Route 1) and the Salem Lawrence Turnpike (now Route 114). Boston's \"Brahmin elite\" developed a particular semi-aristocratic value system by the 1840s\u2014cultivated, urbane, and dignified, the ideal Brahmin was the very essence of enlightened aristocracy. He was not only wealthy, but displayed suitable personal virtues and character traits. The term was coined in 1861 by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. The Brahmin had high expectations to meet: to cultivate the arts, support charities such as hospitals and colleges, and assume the role of community leader. Although the ideal called on him to transcend commonplace business values, in practice many found the thrill of economic success quite attractive. The Brahmins warned each other against \"avarice\" and insisted upon \"personal responsibility.\" Scandal and divorce were unacceptable. The total system was buttressed by the strong extended family ties present in Boston society. Young men attended the same prep schools and colleges, and had their own way of talking. Heirs married heiresses. Family not only served as an economic asset, but also as a means of moral restraint. Most belonged to the Unitarian or Episcopal churches, although some were Congregationalists or Methodists. Politically, they were successively Federalists, Whigs, and Republicans. A poem about Boston, attributed to various people, describes the city thus: \"And here's to good old Boston / The land of the bean and the cod / Where Lowells talk only to Cabots / and Cabots talk only to God.\"", "The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece.", "Vakari  Vakari is a settlement in Haanja Parish, V\u00f5ru County in southeastern Estonia.", "Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Gonz\u00e1lez P\u00e9rez Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Gonz\u00e1lez P\u00e9rez (born 20 May 1968), known as Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n, is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Born in Carreira, Santa Ux\u00eda de Ribeira, Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n played ten seasons with Deportivo de La Coru\u00f1a in two separate spells, but featured sparingly when the team competed in La Liga, also representing Galician neighbours SD Compostela in the top level, where he amassed totals of 159 games and 13 goals. His younger brother, Francisco, was a legend at \"Depor\", and was also a Spanish international. Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n retired in 2001 and subsequently worked as a manager, almost exclusively with Monta\u00f1eros CF in Segunda Divisi\u00f3n B; on 18 July 2014 he returned to his main club, as youth coach. Deportivo", "While some 19th-century Brahmin families of large fortune were of bourgeois origin, still fewer were of a somewhat aristocratic origin. The new families were often the first to seek, in typically British fashion, suitable marriage alliances with those old aristocratic New England families that were descended from landowners in England to elevate and cement their social standing. The Winthrops, Dudleys, Saltonstalls, Winslows, and Lymans (descended from English magistrates, gentry, and aristocracy) were, by and large, happy with this arrangement. All of Boston's \"Brahmin elite\", therefore, maintained the received culture of the old English gentry, including cultivating the personal excellence that they imagined maintained the distinction between gentlemen and freemen, and between ladies and women. They saw it as their duty to maintain what they defined as high standards of excellence, duty, and restraint. Cultivated, urbane, and dignified, a Boston Brahmin was supposed to be the very essence of enlightened aristocracy. The ideal Brahmin was not only wealthy, but displayed what was considered suitable personal virtues and character traits. The Brahmin was expected to maintain the customary English reserve in his dress, manner, and deportment, cultivate the arts, support charities such as hospitals and colleges, and assume the role of community leader. Although the ideal called on him to transcend commonplace business values, in practice many found the thrill of economic success quite attractive. The Brahmins warned each other against avarice and insisted upon personal responsibility. Scandal and divorce were unacceptable. The total system was buttressed by the strong extended family ties present in Boston society. Young men attended the same prep schools, colleges, and private clubs, and heirs married heiresses. Family not only served as an economic asset, but also as a means of moral restraint."], "answer": {"text": "Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people.", "answer_start": 695}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of beliefs?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\"", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were his writings taken seriously?", "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#0", "question": "What is Amplifiers?", "rewrite": "What is Amplifiers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Electric guitar amp combos and amps are usually designed to add colouration to the guitar tone or \"sweeten\" the tone. Keyboard amp combos are usually designed to just reproduce the input signals. The exception to this rule is keyboard amplifiers designed for the Hammond organ, such as the vintage Leslie speaker cabinet and modern recreations, which have a tube amplifier which is often turned up to add a warm, \"growling\" overdrive to the organ sound. Electric piano players in rock and funk also often seek to add natural tube overdrive to their sound. Unlike bass amplifiers and electric guitar amplifiers, keyboard amplifiers are rarely used in the \"amplifier head\" and separate speaker cabinets configuration. Instead, most keyboard amplifiers are \"combo\" amplifiers that integrate the amplifier, tone controls, and speaker into a single wooden cabinet. Another unusual aspect of keyboard amplifiers is that they are often designed with a \"wedge\" shape, as used with monitor speakers. This permits them to be used as monitor speakers (with the amplifier in front of the seated keyboardist, aiming up at them) which is more suitable for a seated keyboardist. Keyboard amplifiers often have an onboard three or four-channel mixer, so that multiple keyboards (e.g., a stage piano, synthesizer, and clonewheel organ) can be plugged into one amplifier and so that keyboardists can control the tone and level of several keyboards. In some genres, such as progressive rock, for example, keyboardists may perform with several synthesizers, electric pianos, and electro-mechanical keyboards. Keyboard amplifiers often have onboard reverb effects. Most inexpensive to mid-priced amplifiers currently produced are based on semiconductor (solid-state) circuits. Solid-state amplifiers vary in output power, functionality, size, price, and sound quality in a wide range, from practice amplifiers to professional models.", "Rick-Tone Rick-Tone is a United States company that manufactured guitar amplifiers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1984, musician and electronic hobbyist Rick Campbell began servicing amplifiers for patrons of the now defunct \"Belmont 8\" recording studio in Portland, Oregon. The servicing of old amplifiers quickly evolved to the construction of new amplifiers, and Mr. Campbell eventually went on to produce an estimated four- to five-hundred Rick-Tone amplifiers between the years of 1984 and 1992. Most of these amplifiers were custom built for musicians in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, who were often referred to Mr. Campbell through word of mouth reputation or through small advertisements posted in local musical instrument shops. Rick-Tone amplifiers were usually intended for the amplification of electric guitar, though a few were constructed for other uses such as electric bass or mandolin. Unlike most contemporary amplifiers of the 1980s, all Rick-Tone amplifiers utilized glass vacuum tubes instead of modern transistors and integrated circuits, and the method of construction was entirely point-to-point hand wiring instead of modern printed circuit boards. Amplifiers of this type were considered obsolete by many musicians of the 1980s, and the Rick-Tone brand did not fare well financially. Production of Rick-Tone amplifiers ceased in 1992. With the resurgence of interest in vacuum tube guitar amplifiers in recent years, it is not uncommon to see well kept Rick-Tone amplifiers selling for far more than their original sales prices. Some Rick-Tone amplifier circuits were inspired by 1950s era amplifiers from the \"Valco\" company.", "Current sense amplifier Current sense amplifiers (also called current shunt amplifiers) are special-purpose amplifiers that output a voltage proportional to the current flowing in a power rail. They utilize a \"current-sense resistor\" to convert the load current in the power rail to a small voltage, which is then amplified by the current-sense amplifiers. The currents in the power rail can be in the range of 1 A to 20 A, requiring the current-sense resistor to be a resistor typically in the range of 1 to 100 m\u03a9. These amplifiers are designed to amplify a very small \"sense voltage\" of 10 to 100 mV, in the presence of very large common-mode voltages of 5 to 30 V. DC precision (low input offset voltage) and high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) are distinguishing characteristics of these amplifiers. Some current sense amplifiers measure current flowing in a single direction; bidirectional amplifiers measure current flow in both directions through the sense resistor. Normal differential amplifiers and operational amplifiers powered between two power supply rails (say \"V\" and \"V\") can only handle signals that lie between these two power rails. If a voltage outside the power supply rails is applied to the input, internal ESD protection diodes turn on, causing large currents to flow and damage these parts. Specialised current-sense amplifiers, by contrast are designed so that, when powered from a low-voltage power rail such as \"V\" = 5 V and \"V\" = 0 V, they can withstand pin voltages much higher than \"V\" and much lower than \"V\". These amplifiers use specialized ESD structures that enable them to have this functionality.", "The active device can be a vacuum tube, discrete solid state component, such as a single transistor, or part of an integrated circuit, as in an op-amp). Transistor amplifiers (or solid state amplifiers) are the most common type of amplifier in use today. A transistor is used as the active element. The gain of the amplifier is determined by the properties of the transistor itself as well as the circuit it is contained within. Common active devices in transistor amplifiers include bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Applications are numerous, some common examples are audio amplifiers in a home stereo or public address system, RF high power generation for semiconductor equipment, to RF and microwave applications such as radio transmitters. Transistor-based amplification can be realized using various configurations: for example a bipolar junction transistor can realize common base, common collector or common emitter amplification; a MOSFET can realize common gate, common source or common drain amplification. Each configuration has different characteristics. Vacuum-tube amplifiers (also known as tube amplifiers or valve amplifiers) use a vacuum tube as the active device. While semiconductor amplifiers have largely displaced valve amplifiers for low-power applications, valve amplifiers can be much more cost effective in high power applications such as radar, countermeasures equipment, and communications equipment. Many microwave amplifiers are specially designed valve amplifiers, such as the klystron, gyrotron, traveling wave tube, and crossed-field amplifier, and these microwave valves provide much greater single-device power output at microwave frequencies than solid-state devices. Vacuum tubes remain in use in some high end audio equipment, as well as in musical instrument amplifiers, due to a preference for \"tube sound\".", "Bridged and paralleled amplifiers Multiple electronic amplifiers can be connected such that they drive a single floating load (bridge) or a single common load (parallel), to increase the amount of power (physics) available in different situations. This is commonly encountered in audio applications. Bridged or paralleled modes of working, normally involving audio power amplifiers, are methods of combining the output of two identical amplifiers to provide, what is in effect, a mono amplifier. Combining more than two amplifiers can be effected using the basic principles described, including the possibility of bridge and parallel modes in combination. Two identical amplifiers are most often encountered in a common case, with a common power supply, and would normally be regarded as a stereo amplifier. Any conventional stereo amplifier can be operated in bridge or parallel mode provided that the common loudspeaker terminals (normally black) are connected and common to the ground rail within the amplifier. Some two channel amplifiers, or stereo amplifiers, have the built in facility to operate in bridge mode by operating a switch and observing the input and output connections detailed on the back panel or in the manual. This option is most often found in high power PA equipment or amplifiers designed for car audio applications. Operation in parallel mode requires no special facility and is implemented merely by the appropriate external connection. Stereo amplifiers usually have a common control for gain and frequently bass/treble and when switched to bridge mode will automatically track each channel identically. Where two channel amplifiers have separate controls, and are switchable to bridge mode, only the controls on one channel will be operational. Where the user implements their own connections for either bridge or parallel mode, and the amplifiers have individual controls, care should be taken that both sets of controls are set identically."], "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#1", "question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "rewrite": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Santana discography The discography of the rock band Santana formed by the Mexican-American rock guitarist Carlos Santana consists of 25 studio albums, seven live albums, 61 singles and 23 compilation albums. Santana formed in 1967 in San Francisco and was originally known as the Carlos Santana Blues Band. The first members were Carlos Santana (lead guitar), Tom Fraser (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Michael Carabello (percussion), Rod Harper (drums), David Brown (bass guitar) and Gregg Rolie (organ). Its breakthrough began two years later, playing in the Woodstock Festival. Over the next few years, lineup changes were common and frequent, and although retaining a basis of Latin rock, Carlos Santana's increasing involvement with guru Sri Chinmoy took the band further into more esoteric music, which continued for many years, although never quite losing the initial Latin influence. Santana signed with Columbia and released their self-titled debut album \"Santana\". This album reached fourth place on the \"Billboard\" 200 and earned two-times platinum status by the American national certification. Next, Santana released \"Abraxas\", on September 1970, which topped the Billboard charts and earned five-times platinum. Santana released another twelve albums in the 1970s, each earning RIAA certifications, and their success continued in the 1980s. The band's quietest period was from 1984 through 1994, with no certified albums. After signing with Arista, the group released the very successful \"Supernatural\", which reached number one in several countries, earned 15-times platinum and sold nearly 27 million copies worldwide. Their most recent album is the 2019 release, \"Africa Speaks\". Over a career spanning 40 years, Santana exemplified Latin rock, while diversifying into other genres. Santana had sold over 100 million records as of 2010, along with ten Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards.", "Santana IV Santana IV is the twenty-fourth studio album (thirty eighth album overall) by American rock band Santana, released in April 2016. The album reunited most of the surviving members from the early 1970s lineup of the band (including Carlos Santana, Gregg Rolie, Neal Schon, Mike Carabello and Michael Shrieve) and was the first time that the quintet had recorded together since 1971's \"Santana III\". Timbalist Jos\u00e9 Areas was not invited to participate. Joining these \"core\" members were later Santana members Karl Perazzo (percussion) and Benny Rietveld (bass), with vocalist Ronald Isley guesting on two cuts. \"Santana IV\" included 16 new tracks written and produced by the band. The origins for the reunion go back several years, when Schon suggested that he and Carlos Santana record together. Santana liked the idea but went on to suggest that they recruit Rolie, Shrieve and Carabello for what would be called \"Santana IV\" ( picking up where they left off on Santana III). After initial writing sessions and rehearsals took place in 2013, the group recorded throughout 2014 and 2015, resulting in 16 new tracks that combined their signature elements of Afro-Latin rhythms, vocals, blues-psychedelic guitar solos, and percussion work. Santana said, of the restored lineup: \"It was magical, we didn't have to try to force the vibe \u2013 it was immense. From there, we then needed to come up with a balance of songs and jams that people would immediately identify as classic Santana.\" The first single from \"Santana IV\", entitled \"Anywhere You Want to Go\", was released on February 5, 2016. In the United States, \"Santana IV\" debuted at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200, with 42,000 album-equivalent units; it sold 40,000 copies in its first week. \"", "The Brit Awards are annually given by the British Phonographic Industry to British and non-British musicians. Santana has received one nomination. CBS Record's Crystal Globe Award is given to musicians who whose albums have sold over 5 million times worldwide. Santana has received one award. The CHCI Medallions of Excellence is given to \"recognize leadership and community service at their highest influence within the Latino community and in U.S. society at all levels.\" Carlos Santana won one award. The Chicano Music Awards are annually given to Mexican musicians. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Echo is awarded to national and international music acts by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Santana has received ten awards and fourteen nominations. The Grammy Hall of Fame Award is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings, that are at least twenty-five years old and that have \"qualitative or historical significance\". One album by Santana was inducted. The \"Guinness Book of World Records\" is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. Santana has been mentioned four times in the Guinness Book of World Records. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a permanent public monument to achievement in the entertainment industry. Each June, a committee selects approximately 20 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame during the following year. Carlos Santana has received a star on the walk in 1997. The Latin Grammy Award is an award given to musicians who have contributed to Latin music. It was established by National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in 1991. Santana has received three awards. The Latin Grammy Hall of Fame Award is given to Latin musicians or their works. One song by Santana has been inducted.", "Carlos Santana discography The discography of Carlos Santana, a Mexican-American rock guitarist, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, six compilation albums and five singles. In his early music career he formed the Latin band Santana, named after his surname. As a solo-artist he released several albums. Two of his earliest studio albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\" with John McLaughlin and the second album, \"Illuminations\", with Alice Coltrane, were collaborations. He then released four studio albums as a solo artist, two of which were released under his spiritual name \"Devadip Carlos Santana\". His latest released studio album, \"Santana Brothers\", was a collaboration between his nephew Carlos Hernandez and his brother Jorge Santana. Only two of his prior released albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\", and the live album \"Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live! \" received a certification from the national American certification. He has also collaborated on twenty-seven albums with numerous artists, such as Chad Kroeger and Steven Tyler, and appeared in forty-nine albums as a guest guitarist. \" Rolling Stone\" named Santana number fifteen on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003. Notes", "List of awards and nominations received by Santana  Santana is a Latin-influenced rock band, formed in 1967 in San Francisco by its one constant member, Carlos Santana. Their album \"Supernatural\" (2000) and its subsequent singles \"Maria Maria\" and \"Smooth\" were particularly successful. The group has won numerous awards, including ten Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Santana's works entered the Grammy Hall of Fame and Latin Grammy Hall of Fame. Carlos Santana was inducted into the NAACP Image Hall of Fame, and was dedicated a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He has also received accolades not related to his musical work, including the UCLA Cesar E. Chavez Spirit Award and Patrick Lippert Award, both for his social engagements. According to its official website, Santana has sold more than 100 million records to date. Arista records \"Shaman\" and \"Supernatural\" as selling a combined total of 30 million. The band's best-selling album to date is \"Supernatural\", which sold over 27 million copies worldwide. According to the British fact book \"Guinness Book of World Records\", \"Supernatural\" is the best-selling album of all time by a Latin artist. The American Music Awards are awarded annually. Santana has received one award from two nominations. The Amigo Awards honor the best advertising supporters of each member publication during the National Association of Hispanic Publication's Annual Convention. Santana has won two awards. The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). Santana has received one award. The Billboard Century Award is a special award sponsored by \"Billboard\", that honors musicians with distinct music genres. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Blockbuster Entertainment Awards were distributed by Blockbuster Inc. between 1994 and 2001. Santana has received one award."], "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any songs that he uses his amplifiers on?", "rewrite": "Are there any songs that Carlos Santana uses his amplifiers on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Santana discography The discography of the rock band Santana formed by the Mexican-American rock guitarist Carlos Santana consists of 25 studio albums, seven live albums, 61 singles and 23 compilation albums. Santana formed in 1967 in San Francisco and was originally known as the Carlos Santana Blues Band. The first members were Carlos Santana (lead guitar), Tom Fraser (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Michael Carabello (percussion), Rod Harper (drums), David Brown (bass guitar) and Gregg Rolie (organ). Its breakthrough began two years later, playing in the Woodstock Festival. Over the next few years, lineup changes were common and frequent, and although retaining a basis of Latin rock, Carlos Santana's increasing involvement with guru Sri Chinmoy took the band further into more esoteric music, which continued for many years, although never quite losing the initial Latin influence. Santana signed with Columbia and released their self-titled debut album \"Santana\". This album reached fourth place on the \"Billboard\" 200 and earned two-times platinum status by the American national certification. Next, Santana released \"Abraxas\", on September 1970, which topped the Billboard charts and earned five-times platinum. Santana released another twelve albums in the 1970s, each earning RIAA certifications, and their success continued in the 1980s. The band's quietest period was from 1984 through 1994, with no certified albums. After signing with Arista, the group released the very successful \"Supernatural\", which reached number one in several countries, earned 15-times platinum and sold nearly 27 million copies worldwide. Their most recent album is the 2019 release, \"Africa Speaks\". Over a career spanning 40 years, Santana exemplified Latin rock, while diversifying into other genres. Santana had sold over 100 million records as of 2010, along with ten Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards.", "List of awards and nominations received by Santana  Santana is a Latin-influenced rock band, formed in 1967 in San Francisco by its one constant member, Carlos Santana. Their album \"Supernatural\" (2000) and its subsequent singles \"Maria Maria\" and \"Smooth\" were particularly successful. The group has won numerous awards, including ten Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Santana's works entered the Grammy Hall of Fame and Latin Grammy Hall of Fame. Carlos Santana was inducted into the NAACP Image Hall of Fame, and was dedicated a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He has also received accolades not related to his musical work, including the UCLA Cesar E. Chavez Spirit Award and Patrick Lippert Award, both for his social engagements. According to its official website, Santana has sold more than 100 million records to date. Arista records \"Shaman\" and \"Supernatural\" as selling a combined total of 30 million. The band's best-selling album to date is \"Supernatural\", which sold over 27 million copies worldwide. According to the British fact book \"Guinness Book of World Records\", \"Supernatural\" is the best-selling album of all time by a Latin artist. The American Music Awards are awarded annually. Santana has received one award from two nominations. The Amigo Awards honor the best advertising supporters of each member publication during the National Association of Hispanic Publication's Annual Convention. Santana has won two awards. The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). Santana has received one award. The Billboard Century Award is a special award sponsored by \"Billboard\", that honors musicians with distinct music genres. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Blockbuster Entertainment Awards were distributed by Blockbuster Inc. between 1994 and 2001. Santana has received one award.", "The Brit Awards are annually given by the British Phonographic Industry to British and non-British musicians. Santana has received one nomination. CBS Record's Crystal Globe Award is given to musicians who whose albums have sold over 5 million times worldwide. Santana has received one award. The CHCI Medallions of Excellence is given to \"recognize leadership and community service at their highest influence within the Latino community and in U.S. society at all levels.\" Carlos Santana won one award. The Chicano Music Awards are annually given to Mexican musicians. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Echo is awarded to national and international music acts by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Santana has received ten awards and fourteen nominations. The Grammy Hall of Fame Award is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings, that are at least twenty-five years old and that have \"qualitative or historical significance\". One album by Santana was inducted. The \"Guinness Book of World Records\" is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. Santana has been mentioned four times in the Guinness Book of World Records. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a permanent public monument to achievement in the entertainment industry. Each June, a committee selects approximately 20 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame during the following year. Carlos Santana has received a star on the walk in 1997. The Latin Grammy Award is an award given to musicians who have contributed to Latin music. It was established by National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in 1991. Santana has received three awards. The Latin Grammy Hall of Fame Award is given to Latin musicians or their works. One song by Santana has been inducted.", "Carlos Santana discography The discography of Carlos Santana, a Mexican-American rock guitarist, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, six compilation albums and five singles. In his early music career he formed the Latin band Santana, named after his surname. As a solo-artist he released several albums. Two of his earliest studio albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\" with John McLaughlin and the second album, \"Illuminations\", with Alice Coltrane, were collaborations. He then released four studio albums as a solo artist, two of which were released under his spiritual name \"Devadip Carlos Santana\". His latest released studio album, \"Santana Brothers\", was a collaboration between his nephew Carlos Hernandez and his brother Jorge Santana. Only two of his prior released albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\", and the live album \"Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live! \" received a certification from the national American certification. He has also collaborated on twenty-seven albums with numerous artists, such as Chad Kroeger and Steven Tyler, and appeared in forty-nine albums as a guest guitarist. \" Rolling Stone\" named Santana number fifteen on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003. Notes", "Santana IV Santana IV is the twenty-fourth studio album (thirty eighth album overall) by American rock band Santana, released in April 2016. The album reunited most of the surviving members from the early 1970s lineup of the band (including Carlos Santana, Gregg Rolie, Neal Schon, Mike Carabello and Michael Shrieve) and was the first time that the quintet had recorded together since 1971's \"Santana III\". Timbalist Jos\u00e9 Areas was not invited to participate. Joining these \"core\" members were later Santana members Karl Perazzo (percussion) and Benny Rietveld (bass), with vocalist Ronald Isley guesting on two cuts. \"Santana IV\" included 16 new tracks written and produced by the band. The origins for the reunion go back several years, when Schon suggested that he and Carlos Santana record together. Santana liked the idea but went on to suggest that they recruit Rolie, Shrieve and Carabello for what would be called \"Santana IV\" ( picking up where they left off on Santana III). After initial writing sessions and rehearsals took place in 2013, the group recorded throughout 2014 and 2015, resulting in 16 new tracks that combined their signature elements of Afro-Latin rhythms, vocals, blues-psychedelic guitar solos, and percussion work. Santana said, of the restored lineup: \"It was magical, we didn't have to try to force the vibe \u2013 it was immense. From there, we then needed to come up with a balance of songs and jams that people would immediately identify as classic Santana.\" The first single from \"Santana IV\", entitled \"Anywhere You Want to Go\", was released on February 5, 2016. In the United States, \"Santana IV\" debuted at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200, with 42,000 album-equivalent units; it sold 40,000 copies in its first week. \""], "answer": {"text": "used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album.", "answer_start": 1332}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#3", "question": "Why are the amplifiers important?", "rewrite": "Why are the amplifiers important?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Magnetic amplifiers were important as modulation and control amplifiers in the early development of voice transmission by radio. A magnetic amplifier was used as voice modulator for a 2 kilowatt Alexanderson alternator, and magnetic amplifiers were used in the keying circuits of large high-frequency alternators used for radio communications. Magnetic amplifiers were also used to regulate the speed of Alexanderson alternators to maintain the accuracy of the transmitted radio frequency. Magnetic amplifiers were used to control large high-power alternators by turning them on and off for telegraphy or to vary the signal for voice modulation. The alternator's frequency limits were rather low to where a frequency multiplier had to be utilized to generate higher radio frequencies than the alternator was capable of producing. Even so, early magnetic amplifiers incorporating powdered-iron cores were incapable of producing radio frequencies above approximately 200 kHz. Other core materials, such as ferrite cores and oil-filled transformers, would have to be developed to allow the amplifier to produce higher frequencies. The ability to control large currents with small control power made magnetic amplifiers useful for control of lighting circuits, for stage lighting and for advertising signs. Saturable reactor amplifiers were used for control of power to industrial furnaces. Magnetic amplifiers are still used in some arc welders. Small magnetic amplifiers were used for radio tuning indicators, control of small motor and cooling fan speed, control of battery chargers. Magnetic amplifiers were used extensively as the switching element in early switched-mode (SMPS) power supplies, as well as in lighting control. Semiconductor-based solid-state switches have largely superseded them, though recently there has been some regained interest in using mag amps in compact and reliable switching power supplies. PC ATX power supplies often use mag amps for secondary side voltage regulation.", "The active device can be a vacuum tube, discrete solid state component, such as a single transistor, or part of an integrated circuit, as in an op-amp). Transistor amplifiers (or solid state amplifiers) are the most common type of amplifier in use today. A transistor is used as the active element. The gain of the amplifier is determined by the properties of the transistor itself as well as the circuit it is contained within. Common active devices in transistor amplifiers include bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Applications are numerous, some common examples are audio amplifiers in a home stereo or public address system, RF high power generation for semiconductor equipment, to RF and microwave applications such as radio transmitters. Transistor-based amplification can be realized using various configurations: for example a bipolar junction transistor can realize common base, common collector or common emitter amplification; a MOSFET can realize common gate, common source or common drain amplification. Each configuration has different characteristics. Vacuum-tube amplifiers (also known as tube amplifiers or valve amplifiers) use a vacuum tube as the active device. While semiconductor amplifiers have largely displaced valve amplifiers for low-power applications, valve amplifiers can be much more cost effective in high power applications such as radar, countermeasures equipment, and communications equipment. Many microwave amplifiers are specially designed valve amplifiers, such as the klystron, gyrotron, traveling wave tube, and crossed-field amplifier, and these microwave valves provide much greater single-device power output at microwave frequencies than solid-state devices. Vacuum tubes remain in use in some high end audio equipment, as well as in musical instrument amplifiers, due to a preference for \"tube sound\".", "Optical amplifier An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. Optical amplifiers are important in optical communication and laser physics. They are used as optical repeaters in the long distance fiberoptic cables which carry much of the world's telecommunication links. There are several different physical mechanisms that can be used to amplify a light signal, which correspond to the major types of optical amplifiers. In doped fiber amplifiers and bulk lasers, stimulated emission in the amplifier's gain medium causes amplification of incoming light. In semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), electron-hole recombination occurs. In Raman amplifiers, Raman scattering of incoming light with phonons in the lattice of the gain medium produces photons coherent with the incoming photons. Parametric amplifiers use parametric amplification. Almost any laser active gain medium can be pumped to produce gain for light at the wavelength of a laser made with the same material as its gain medium. Such amplifiers are commonly used to produce high power laser systems. Special types such as regenerative amplifiers and chirped-pulse amplifiers are used to amplify ultrashort pulses. Solid-state amplifiers are optical amplifiers that uses a wide range of doped solid-state materials (Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG, Ti:Sa) and different geometries (disk, slab, rod) to amplify optical signals. The variety of materials allows the amplification of different wavelength while the shape of the medium can distinguish between more suitable for energy of average power scaling.", "Rick-Tone Rick-Tone is a United States company that manufactured guitar amplifiers in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1984, musician and electronic hobbyist Rick Campbell began servicing amplifiers for patrons of the now defunct \"Belmont 8\" recording studio in Portland, Oregon. The servicing of old amplifiers quickly evolved to the construction of new amplifiers, and Mr. Campbell eventually went on to produce an estimated four- to five-hundred Rick-Tone amplifiers between the years of 1984 and 1992. Most of these amplifiers were custom built for musicians in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, who were often referred to Mr. Campbell through word of mouth reputation or through small advertisements posted in local musical instrument shops. Rick-Tone amplifiers were usually intended for the amplification of electric guitar, though a few were constructed for other uses such as electric bass or mandolin. Unlike most contemporary amplifiers of the 1980s, all Rick-Tone amplifiers utilized glass vacuum tubes instead of modern transistors and integrated circuits, and the method of construction was entirely point-to-point hand wiring instead of modern printed circuit boards. Amplifiers of this type were considered obsolete by many musicians of the 1980s, and the Rick-Tone brand did not fare well financially. Production of Rick-Tone amplifiers ceased in 1992. With the resurgence of interest in vacuum tube guitar amplifiers in recent years, it is not uncommon to see well kept Rick-Tone amplifiers selling for far more than their original sales prices. Some Rick-Tone amplifier circuits were inspired by 1950s era amplifiers from the \"Valco\" company.", "Like most sound reinforcement equipment products, professional amplifiers are typically designed to be mounted within standard 19-inch racks. Rack-mounted amps are typically housed in road cases, sturdy plastic protective boxes which prevent damage to the equipment during transportation. Active loudspeakers have internally mounted amplifiers that have been selected by the manufacturer to be a good amplifier for use with the given loudspeaker. Some active loudspeakers also have equalization, crossover and mixing circuitry built in. Since amplifiers can generate a significant amount of heat, thermal dissipation is an important factor for operators to consider when mounting amplifiers into equipment racks. Many power amplifiers feature internal fans to draw air across their heat sinks. The heat sinks can become clogged with dust, which can adversely affect the cooling capabilities of the amplifier. In the 1970s and 1980s, most PAs employed heavy Class AB amplifiers. In the late 1990s, power amplifiers in PA applications became lighter, smaller, more powerful, and more efficient, with the increasing use of switching power supplies and Class D amplifiers, which offered significant weight- and space-savings as well as increased efficiency. Often installed in railroad stations, stadia, and airports, Class D amplifiers can run with minimal additional cooling and with higher rack densities, compared to older amplifiers. Digital loudspeaker management systems (DLMS) that combine digital crossover functions, compression, limiting, and other features in a single unit have become popular since their introduction. They are used to process the mix from the mixing console and route it to the various amplifiers. Systems may include several loudspeakers, each with its own output optimized for a specific range of frequencies (i.e. bass, midrange, and treble)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any songs that he uses his amplifiers on?", "answer": {"text": "used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album.", "answer_start": 1332, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Carlos Santana's use of amplifiers at Woodstock and while recording his debut album, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Soul Sacrifice (song) \"Soul Sacrifice\" is an instrumental composed and recorded by the American rock group Santana. Identified as one of the highlights of the 1969 Woodstock festival and documentary film, \"Soul Sacrifice\" features extended guitar passages by Carlos Santana and a percussion section with a solo by drummer Michael Shrieve. It is included as the final track on their 1969 debut album, \"Santana\", and on several live and compilation albums. The studio and Woodstock versions as well as an alternate take are included on the 2004 25th anniversary of \"Santana\". \"Soul Sacrifice\" was one of Santana's earliest compositions. Carlos Santana recalled the group wrote it when bassist David Brown joined. It has been described as \"a perfect example of the amalgam of old-world guaguanco rhythms and strictly American licks\" and includes \"interplay between Santana and [Gregg] Rolie... hammered home by [Mike] Carabello's and [Jose 'Chepito'] Areas' congas and the sinuous drums and bass of [Mike] Shrieve and Brown\". Before its release on their album, Santana, then a largely unknown band, performed \"Soul Sacrifice\" as their closing number at Woodstock. \"They were the only act to play without a record; it was unparalleled. Santana went from Woodstock to being in global demand almost overnight\". In several interviews, Santana recalled experiencing the effects of psychedelics during the performance, but got it together for the finale. \"By the time we got to 'Soul Sacrifice', I had come back from a pretty intense journey. Ultimately, I felt we had plugged in to a whole lot of hearts at Woodstock\". The reached number one in the \"Billboard\" Top LPs album chart; helped by the publicity generated by their Woodstock performance of \"Soul Sacrifice\", Santana's debut album reached number four.", "Santana discography The discography of the rock band Santana formed by the Mexican-American rock guitarist Carlos Santana consists of 25 studio albums, seven live albums, 61 singles and 23 compilation albums. Santana formed in 1967 in San Francisco and was originally known as the Carlos Santana Blues Band. The first members were Carlos Santana (lead guitar), Tom Fraser (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Michael Carabello (percussion), Rod Harper (drums), David Brown (bass guitar) and Gregg Rolie (organ). Its breakthrough began two years later, playing in the Woodstock Festival. Over the next few years, lineup changes were common and frequent, and although retaining a basis of Latin rock, Carlos Santana's increasing involvement with guru Sri Chinmoy took the band further into more esoteric music, which continued for many years, although never quite losing the initial Latin influence. Santana signed with Columbia and released their self-titled debut album \"Santana\". This album reached fourth place on the \"Billboard\" 200 and earned two-times platinum status by the American national certification. Next, Santana released \"Abraxas\", on September 1970, which topped the Billboard charts and earned five-times platinum. Santana released another twelve albums in the 1970s, each earning RIAA certifications, and their success continued in the 1980s. The band's quietest period was from 1984 through 1994, with no certified albums. After signing with Arista, the group released the very successful \"Supernatural\", which reached number one in several countries, earned 15-times platinum and sold nearly 27 million copies worldwide. Their most recent album is the 2019 release, \"Africa Speaks\". Over a career spanning 40 years, Santana exemplified Latin rock, while diversifying into other genres. Santana had sold over 100 million records as of 2010, along with ten Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards.", "Carlos Santana discography The discography of Carlos Santana, a Mexican-American rock guitarist, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, six compilation albums and five singles. In his early music career he formed the Latin band Santana, named after his surname. As a solo-artist he released several albums. Two of his earliest studio albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\" with John McLaughlin and the second album, \"Illuminations\", with Alice Coltrane, were collaborations. He then released four studio albums as a solo artist, two of which were released under his spiritual name \"Devadip Carlos Santana\". His latest released studio album, \"Santana Brothers\", was a collaboration between his nephew Carlos Hernandez and his brother Jorge Santana. Only two of his prior released albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\", and the live album \"Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live! \" received a certification from the national American certification. He has also collaborated on twenty-seven albums with numerous artists, such as Chad Kroeger and Steven Tyler, and appeared in forty-nine albums as a guest guitarist. \" Rolling Stone\" named Santana number fifteen on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003. Notes", "The Brit Awards are annually given by the British Phonographic Industry to British and non-British musicians. Santana has received one nomination. CBS Record's Crystal Globe Award is given to musicians who whose albums have sold over 5 million times worldwide. Santana has received one award. The CHCI Medallions of Excellence is given to \"recognize leadership and community service at their highest influence within the Latino community and in U.S. society at all levels.\" Carlos Santana won one award. The Chicano Music Awards are annually given to Mexican musicians. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Echo is awarded to national and international music acts by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Santana has received ten awards and fourteen nominations. The Grammy Hall of Fame Award is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings, that are at least twenty-five years old and that have \"qualitative or historical significance\". One album by Santana was inducted. The \"Guinness Book of World Records\" is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. Santana has been mentioned four times in the Guinness Book of World Records. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a permanent public monument to achievement in the entertainment industry. Each June, a committee selects approximately 20 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame during the following year. Carlos Santana has received a star on the walk in 1997. The Latin Grammy Award is an award given to musicians who have contributed to Latin music. It was established by National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in 1991. Santana has received three awards. The Latin Grammy Hall of Fame Award is given to Latin musicians or their works. One song by Santana has been inducted.", "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers. The amps consist of a Mesa Boogie Mark I, Dumble Overdrive Reverb and more recently a Bludotone amplifier. Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones. A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps. Often the unique tones of each amplifier are blended together, complementing each other producing a richer tone. He also put the \"Boogie\" in Mesa Boogie. Santana is credited with coining the popular Mesa amplifier name when he tried one and exclaimed, \"That little thing really Boogies!\" Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers, and a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M \"Greenback\" speakers, depending on the desired sound. Shure KSM-32 microphones are used to pick up the sound, going to the PA. Additionally, a Fender Cyber-Twin Amp is mostly used at home. During his early career Santana used a GMT transistor amplifier stack and a silverface Fender Twin. The GMT 226A rig was used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album. During this era Santana had also begun to use the Fender Twin, which was also used on the debut and proceedingly at the recording sessions of Abraxas."], "answer": {"text": "A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 360}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any songs that he uses his amplifiers on?", "answer": {"text": "used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album.", "answer_start": 1332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why are the amplifiers important?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#5", "question": "What is a three-way amp switcher?", "rewrite": "What is a three-way amp switcher?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This feature prefers to update the user's most frequently used apps and prefers to use WiFi networks over a cellular network, without markedly reducing the device's battery life. In iOS 4.0 to iOS 6.x, double-clicking the home button activates the application switcher. A scrollable dock-like interface appears from the bottom, moving the contents of the screen up. Choosing an icon switches to an application. To the far left are icons which function as music controls, a rotation lock, and on iOS 4.2 and above, a volume controller. With the introduction of iOS 7, double clicking the home button also activates the application switcher. However, unlike previous versions it displays screenshots of open applications on top of the icon and horizontal scrolling allows for browsing through previous apps, and it is possible to close applications by dragging them up, similar to how WebOS handled multiple cards. With the introduction of iOS 9, the application switcher received a significant visual change; whilst still retaining the card metaphor introduced in iOS 7, the application icon is smaller, and appears above the screenshot (which is now larger, due to the removal of \"Recent and Favorite Contacts\"), and each application \"card\" overlaps the other, forming a rolodex effect as the user scrolls. Now, instead of the home screen appearing at the leftmost of the application switcher, it appears rightmost. In iOS 11, the application switcher receives a major redesign. In the iPad, the Control Center and app switcher are combined. The app switcher in the iPad can also be accessed by swiping up from the bottom. In the iPhone, the app switcher cannot be accessed if there are no apps in the RAM. In iOS 4.0 to iOS 6.x, briefly holding the icons in", "Mirik\u0259nd  Mirik\u0259nd (also, Merikend and Mirikend) is a village and municipality in the Shamakhi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 1,277. The municipality consists of the villages of Mirik\u0259nd and M\u0259lc\u0259k.", "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers. The amps consist of a Mesa Boogie Mark I, Dumble Overdrive Reverb and more recently a Bludotone amplifier. Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones. A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps. Often the unique tones of each amplifier are blended together, complementing each other producing a richer tone. He also put the \"Boogie\" in Mesa Boogie. Santana is credited with coining the popular Mesa amplifier name when he tried one and exclaimed, \"That little thing really Boogies!\" Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers, and a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M \"Greenback\" speakers, depending on the desired sound. Shure KSM-32 microphones are used to pick up the sound, going to the PA. Additionally, a Fender Cyber-Twin Amp is mostly used at home. During his early career Santana used a GMT transistor amplifier stack and a silverface Fender Twin. The GMT 226A rig was used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album. During this era Santana had also begun to use the Fender Twin, which was also used on the debut and proceedingly at the recording sessions of Abraxas.", "Although the system software does little to specifically support them, the popularity of Desk Accessories led many application developers to ensure good cooperative multitasking support even from the early days. Andy Hertzfeld, one of Apple's original Macintosh software architects, wrote Switcher after seeing John Markoff use a terminate and stay resident program on an IBM PC in October 1984. By the end of the year he had a working prototype, and he soon demonstrated it in public. Both Microsoft and Apple wanted to purchase the utility. Hertzfeld chose the latter offer because Apple offered more money ( plus royalties) and the company planned to ship Switcher with the Fat Mac. The first official version of Switcher appeared in April 1985. Switcher works by designating a number of fixed slots in memory into which applications could be loaded. The user can then switch between these applications by clicking a small button on the top of the menu bar. The current application horizontally slides out of view, and the next one slides in. Though awkward, this approach does fit well with the existing system's memory management scheme, and applications need no special programming to work with Switcher. This early work on Switcher led to the development of MultiFinder by Apple system software engineers Erich Ringewald and Phil Goldman. Microsoft saw Switcher as especially benefiting the company's highly memory-optimized Macintosh applications so the utility was shipped with Excel. Microsoft stated that using multiple applications with Switcher was preferable to a single integrated software application like Lotus Symphony. By 1987, \"Compute!'s Apple Applications\" reported that \"many Macintosh owners are comfortable only when using more than one application at a time. Switcher and desk accessories are the two most common examples of that philosophy\". \"PC Magazine\" said that Switcher uses too much of the system's precious little RAM and isn't reliable enough.", "Road switcher A road switcher is a type of railroad locomotive  designed to both haul railcars in mainline service and shunt them in railroad yards. Both type and term are North American in origin, although similar types have been used elsewhere. Importantly, a road switcher must be able to operate and have good visibility in both directions. As a road engine, a road switcher must be able to operate at road speeds, with suitable power and cooling capacity. It has high-speed road trucks rather than low-speed switcher only trucks. Modern road trucks are always equipped with \"frictionless\" roller bearings, whereas switcher trucks were almost always equipped with \"friction\" plain bearings, until plain bearings were outlawed in interchange service on both railcars and locomotives. For the reasons given above, road switchers are generally hood units. The set-back cab of a hood unit provides more safety in the event of a collision at speed than most switcher designs, and the rear visibility is much better than that of a cab unit. Due to their ability to both run at road speeds for long distances and to switch cars, road switchers, as their name implies, are often used for road (heavy-haul) duties, in addition to their yard (switching) duties. Since the 1960s, road switchers have completely displaced cab units in heavy-haul freight service (but cab-type units, adapted from certain road switcher prototypes, have been employed for contemporary passenger service, in selected cases). Some road switchers were provided with twin control stands, so that the units could operate conventionally (locomotive engineer and conductor/switchman facing the direction of travel) in either \"long hood forward\" or \"short hood forward\" directions. However, twin control engineer positions have fallen into disuse as almost all operations are now run \"short hood forward\"."], "answer": {"text": "enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 424}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any songs that he uses his amplifiers on?", "answer": {"text": "used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album.", "answer_start": 1332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why are the amplifiers important?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 360, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#6", "question": "Does he have any other equipment for the amplifiers?", "rewrite": "Does Carlos Santana have equipment other than the pedal board and guitar for the amplifiers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As a composer and pianist, Beethoven experimented extensively with pedal. His first marking to indicate use of a pedal in a score was in his first two piano concertos, in 1795. Earlier than this, Beethoven had called for the use of the knee lever in a sketch from 1790\u201392; \"with the knee\" is marked for a series of chords. According to Joseph Banowetz, \"This is the earliest-known indication for a damper control in a score\". Haydn did not specify its use in a score until 1794. All in all, there are nearly 800 indications for pedal in authentic sources of Beethoven's compositions, making him by far the first composer to be highly prolific in pedal usage. Along with the development of the pedals on the piano came the phenomenon of the pedal piano, a piano with a pedalboard. Some of the early pedal pianos date back to 1815. The pedal piano developed partially for organists to be able to practice pedal keyboard parts away from the pipe organ. In some instances, the pedal piano was actually a special type of piano with a built-in pedal board and a higher keyboard and bench, like an organ. Other times, an independent pedal board and set of strings could be connected to a regular grand piano. Mozart had a pedalboard made for his piano. His father, Leopold, speaks of this pedalboard in a letter: \" [the pedal] stands under the instrument and is about two feet longer and extremely heavy\". Alfred Dolge writes of the pedal mechanisms that his uncle, Louis Schone, constructed for both Robert Schumann and Felix Mendelssohn in 1843. Schumann preferred the pedal board to be connected to the upright piano, while Mendelssohn had a pedal mechanism connected to his grand piano. Dolge describes Mendelssohn's pedal mechanism:", "The Brit Awards are annually given by the British Phonographic Industry to British and non-British musicians. Santana has received one nomination. CBS Record's Crystal Globe Award is given to musicians who whose albums have sold over 5 million times worldwide. Santana has received one award. The CHCI Medallions of Excellence is given to \"recognize leadership and community service at their highest influence within the Latino community and in U.S. society at all levels.\" Carlos Santana won one award. The Chicano Music Awards are annually given to Mexican musicians. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Echo is awarded to national and international music acts by the Deutsche Phono-Akademie. Carlos Santana has received one award. The Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Santana has received ten awards and fourteen nominations. The Grammy Hall of Fame Award is a special Grammy award established in 1973 to honor recordings, that are at least twenty-five years old and that have \"qualitative or historical significance\". One album by Santana was inducted. The \"Guinness Book of World Records\" is a reference book published annually, containing a collection of world records, both human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. Santana has been mentioned four times in the Guinness Book of World Records. The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a permanent public monument to achievement in the entertainment industry. Each June, a committee selects approximately 20 celebrities to receive stars on the Walk of Fame during the following year. Carlos Santana has received a star on the walk in 1997. The Latin Grammy Award is an award given to musicians who have contributed to Latin music. It was established by National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in 1991. Santana has received three awards. The Latin Grammy Hall of Fame Award is given to Latin musicians or their works. One song by Santana has been inducted.", "Santana discography The discography of the rock band Santana formed by the Mexican-American rock guitarist Carlos Santana consists of 25 studio albums, seven live albums, 61 singles and 23 compilation albums. Santana formed in 1967 in San Francisco and was originally known as the Carlos Santana Blues Band. The first members were Carlos Santana (lead guitar), Tom Fraser (lead vocals and rhythm guitar), Michael Carabello (percussion), Rod Harper (drums), David Brown (bass guitar) and Gregg Rolie (organ). Its breakthrough began two years later, playing in the Woodstock Festival. Over the next few years, lineup changes were common and frequent, and although retaining a basis of Latin rock, Carlos Santana's increasing involvement with guru Sri Chinmoy took the band further into more esoteric music, which continued for many years, although never quite losing the initial Latin influence. Santana signed with Columbia and released their self-titled debut album \"Santana\". This album reached fourth place on the \"Billboard\" 200 and earned two-times platinum status by the American national certification. Next, Santana released \"Abraxas\", on September 1970, which topped the Billboard charts and earned five-times platinum. Santana released another twelve albums in the 1970s, each earning RIAA certifications, and their success continued in the 1980s. The band's quietest period was from 1984 through 1994, with no certified albums. After signing with Arista, the group released the very successful \"Supernatural\", which reached number one in several countries, earned 15-times platinum and sold nearly 27 million copies worldwide. Their most recent album is the 2019 release, \"Africa Speaks\". Over a career spanning 40 years, Santana exemplified Latin rock, while diversifying into other genres. Santana had sold over 100 million records as of 2010, along with ten Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy Awards.", "Carlos Santana discography The discography of Carlos Santana, a Mexican-American rock guitarist, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, six compilation albums and five singles. In his early music career he formed the Latin band Santana, named after his surname. As a solo-artist he released several albums. Two of his earliest studio albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\" with John McLaughlin and the second album, \"Illuminations\", with Alice Coltrane, were collaborations. He then released four studio albums as a solo artist, two of which were released under his spiritual name \"Devadip Carlos Santana\". His latest released studio album, \"Santana Brothers\", was a collaboration between his nephew Carlos Hernandez and his brother Jorge Santana. Only two of his prior released albums, his debut album \"Love Devotion Surrender\", and the live album \"Carlos Santana & Buddy Miles! Live! \" received a certification from the national American certification. He has also collaborated on twenty-seven albums with numerous artists, such as Chad Kroeger and Steven Tyler, and appeared in forty-nine albums as a guest guitarist. \" Rolling Stone\" named Santana number fifteen on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time in 2003. Notes", "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers. The amps consist of a Mesa Boogie Mark I, Dumble Overdrive Reverb and more recently a Bludotone amplifier. Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones. A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps. Often the unique tones of each amplifier are blended together, complementing each other producing a richer tone. He also put the \"Boogie\" in Mesa Boogie. Santana is credited with coining the popular Mesa amplifier name when he tried one and exclaimed, \"That little thing really Boogies!\" Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers, and a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M \"Greenback\" speakers, depending on the desired sound. Shure KSM-32 microphones are used to pick up the sound, going to the PA. Additionally, a Fender Cyber-Twin Amp is mostly used at home. During his early career Santana used a GMT transistor amplifier stack and a silverface Fender Twin. The GMT 226A rig was used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album. During this era Santana had also begun to use the Fender Twin, which was also used on the debut and proceedingly at the recording sessions of Abraxas."], "answer": {"text": "Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers,", "answer_start": 747}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any songs that he uses his amplifiers on?", "answer": {"text": "used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album.", "answer_start": 1332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why are the amplifiers important?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 360, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a three-way amp switcher?", "answer": {"text": "enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#7", "question": "What other equipment does he use?", "rewrite": "Besides the guitar, Mesa/Boogie Mark I head, speakers, and pedal board, what other equipment does Carlos Santana use with the amplifiers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This was a limited edition run, with 66 aged look models created, and just over 100 VOS models created. His amplifiers include several Jose Arredondo-modified Marshall JCM800s he's used since early 1980s. He started using the Mesa/Boogie amplifiers (Mesa/Boogie Mark IIC+, Mark III Coliseum and Dual Rectifier heads) more during his tenures with Whitesnake and Blue Murder ( 2 of his black Mesa/Boogie amps were used for the actual Whitesnake recordings). Later on though, he switched back to his JCM800s when touring solo or with Thin Lizzy's \"reunion\" line-up. Although rarely, he can also be seen using Roland JC-120 Jazz Chorus combos for his clean tones. Other amplifiers include: Peavey \"5150\" EVH, various Fender combos (Frontman 25R, Princeton Reverb, Vibroverb, Bandmaster). \u201cFor the rhythm on \u2018\"Still of the Night\"\u2019, I used my 1978 Black Les Paul Custom\u201d, Sykes said. \u201cAt that time, I had a Dirty Fingers pickup in the bridge. I plugged in two Mesa/Boogie Coliseum - which are great-sounding amps. I ran the gain at about 4, so the tone was heavy but clear [...] and I tracked in stereo with a slight delay between the two sides. Then I doubled the part.\u201d Gear used on the \"\u2018John Sykes: Sy-Ops\"\u2019 album: \u2022 Black Beauty Gibson LP Custom \u2022 59 and \u201885 Gibson Les Paul \u2022 Eddie Van Halen signature models \u2022 Fender Stratocaster and Telecaster \u2022 Jose Arredondo - modded 50W Marshall and Mesa Boogie amps \u2022 No pedals, just the guitar\u2019s cable plugged into the amp.", "Mesa Boogie Mark Series The Mesa Boogie Mark Series is a series of guitar amplifier made by Mesa Engineering (more commonly known as \"Mesa/Boogie\"). Originally just referred to as \"Boogies,\" the product line took on the moniker \"Mark Series\" as newer revisions were put into production. The Mark Series amplifier was Mesa's flagship product until the introduction of the Rectifier series, and the amplifiers are very collectable. Randall Smith began Mesa/Boogie with a practical joke: he borrowed a Fender Princeton (a small 12-watt amplifier) from his friend, Barry Melton of Country Joe and the Fish, and \"hotrodded\" it by replacing the amplifier section with a powerful Fender Bassman amp and installing a 12-inch speaker instead of the original 10-inch. The resulting amplifier proved to be loud and successful, and Smith made more than 200 of these Princeton \"Boogies\"\u2014a name allegedly provided by Carlos Santana, who is to have exclaimed \"Man, that little thing really boogies!\" A second important improvement was in developing an extra gain stage for the guitar input. Smith added an extra tube gain stage to the preamp, with three variable gain controls at different points in the circuit (this is now called a \"cascaded\" design), creating the first high-gain amplifier. He set about designing a guitar amplifier around the new principle, and in 1972 the Mark I was released. One of the more notable amps in the series was built in 1977, with serial number A804 : this is the amp built for Keith Richards, the first one in a long collaboration between Smith and the Rolling Stones, a collaboration which started somewhat inauspiciously when the Stones manager asked Smith for some free amps (\"We're the Rolling Stones; we don't pay for amps\"), and Smith refused.", "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers. The amps consist of a Mesa Boogie Mark I, Dumble Overdrive Reverb and more recently a Bludotone amplifier. Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones. A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps. Often the unique tones of each amplifier are blended together, complementing each other producing a richer tone. He also put the \"Boogie\" in Mesa Boogie. Santana is credited with coining the popular Mesa amplifier name when he tried one and exclaimed, \"That little thing really Boogies!\" Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers, and a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M \"Greenback\" speakers, depending on the desired sound. Shure KSM-32 microphones are used to pick up the sound, going to the PA. Additionally, a Fender Cyber-Twin Amp is mostly used at home. During his early career Santana used a GMT transistor amplifier stack and a silverface Fender Twin. The GMT 226A rig was used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album. During this era Santana had also begun to use the Fender Twin, which was also used on the debut and proceedingly at the recording sessions of Abraxas.", "Mesa Boogie Mesa/Boogie (also known as Mesa Engineering) is an American company in Petaluma, California, that manufactures amplifiers for guitars and basses. It has been in operation since 1969. MESA was started by Randall Smith as a small repair shop which modified Fender Amplifiers, particularly the diminutive Fender Princeton. Smith's modifications gave the small amps much more input gain, making them much louder as well as creating a high-gain, distorted guitar tone. Prominent early customers included Carlos Santana, and Ron Wood and Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones. Exposure from these top players helped to establish Mesa/Boogie's position on the market, and it is frequently referred to as the first manufacturer of boutique amplifiers. Randall Smith was born into a musical family in Berkeley, California in 1946. His mother and sister played piano and his father was the first-chair clarinet with the Oakland Symphony Orchestra, played tenor sax, had a radio show and led a hotel dance band. Smith believes all of his early musical experiences taught him how to hear tone. As a young Boy Scout, Smith was interested in earning a merit badge in woodcarving. Stan Stillson, the Boy Scout leader became a mentor. Smith and Stan's son, Dave, were close in age. They became great friends and built ham radios together. Smith's father had a good friend, Ernie, who built hi-fi turntables and gave him a couple to experiment on until he was 11 or 12. He attended Miramonte High in Orinda, CA and graduated in 1964. His freshman year he attended UC Santa Barbara, as his parents wanted him removed from the influences of Berkeley (20 minutes from Orinda). However, he would hop freight trains nearly every weekend from Santa Barbara to the Bay Area to see friends and return to the Beat coffee houses and bookstores of Berkeley.", "Prestige RG-MS1 Custom -Ibanez RG MSM L.A.C.S Custom build (Signature Prototype) -Ibanez Prestige AZ2402 TFF -Ibanez RG MSM1 (Marco Sfogli Signature Model)(Premium Line) -Ibanez AZ MSM100 (Marco Sfogli Signature Model) (Prestige Line) Amps: -Mesa Boogie Mark V -Mesa Boogie Triple Rectifier -Mesa Boogie Dual Rectifier -Mesa Boogie Lonestar -Mesa Boogie Rectifier Rack Preamp -Mesa Boogie Triaxis Preamp -Mesa Boogie Stereo 2:90 Poweramp  -ENGL Fireball -DV Mark Triple 6 -Victory V30 the Countess -Mezzabarba MZero Overdrive Head -Mezzabarba Skill 30 Head -Mezzabarba Nirvana Preamp Effects/Processor: -Fractal AxeFX Ultra -Fractal AxeFX 2 XL+ -DV Mark Multiamp -Kemper profiler -Fractal AX8  -Line 6 HX Effects -TC Electronic TC2290-DT Other Equipment: -DV Mark Midi board -Fractal MFC101 -Mission Engineering Pedals -Boss FV500  -Line 6 G50 Wireless  -Two Notes Torpedo Captor As A Player   Solo Albums"], "answer": {"text": "a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M \"Greenback\" speakers,", "answer_start": 893}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any songs that he uses his amplifiers on?", "answer": {"text": "used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album.", "answer_start": 1332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why are the amplifiers important?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 360, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a three-way amp switcher?", "answer": {"text": "enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any other equipment for the amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers,", "answer_start": 747, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c268e87df3940858a8b3921d8cc03c5_0_q#8", "question": "Is there any other euqipment that Carlos Santana uses?", "rewrite": "Besides the head, speakers, pedal board, guitar, and Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or Special, is there any equipment that Carlos Santana uses with the amplifiers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Robben Ford describes the tone of the ODS as having \"a perfect sonic curve, the lows are deep and rich but not unclear, it doesn't mush out like some amps will. You have the frequencies there for your use. The mid range [is] punchy and clear and the high end, bright, clear but doesn't hurt your ears. It's loud but it sounds good.\" In an interview with \"Premier Guitar\", Ford claims that Dumble told him that the original inspiration for the Overdrive Special came while watching Ford play live in the 1970s at a bar in Santa Cruz. Ford was using a mid-60s blackface Fender Bassman, and running a tube screamer in front of it to overdrive the tubes to breakup. Supposedly, Dumble liked Ford's sound, and while contemplating it had the revelations that led to the original Overdrive Special. Since buying his ODS, Ford has almost exclusively used his original Dumble or an exact clone of it in live performances. An Overdrive Special amplifier with an internal Reverb Circuit. The Steel String Singer is an adjustable single channel \"clean\" amplifier with reverb.. Fewer than 12 of the original Steel String Singers have been accounted for. As is typical with Dumble amplifier models, the Steel String Singer (SSS) varies from serial number to serial number. For example, The first SSS (made for Henry Kaiser) has a built-in vibrato circuit. Also, despite its reputation for a clean sound, the earlier SSS (and possibly #7) breaks up when the input gain is turned up or pushed by a strong input signal. Earlier versions also had more complicated phase inversion techniques that had been pioneered in vintage high fidelity amplifiers, and Fender style transformers.", "In 1987, new management at Fender authorized the first production of the Robben Ford Signature guitar. In 1994, production of the guitar moved from Japan to the Fender Custom Shop. Three models were produced: Ultra FM (with a carved maple top), Ultra SP (with a carved spruce top), and the Elite FM (with a carved flame maple top). The guitar line continued to be produced until 2002 when it was discontinued by Fender. Sometimes he plays a vintage 1960 Fender Telecaster, Gibson Les Pauls, or a 1963 Gibson SG. Ford also owns other guitars including a 1966 Epiphone Riviera (with the original Bigsby tremolo removed and replaced with a stop tailpiece). In a May 1\u201316, 2017 tour which ended in Niagara Falls NY, Ford debuted a newly acquired 1953 Gibson Les Paul. Robben Ford uses Dumble Amplifiers and Celestion G12-65 speakers. In 1983, Alexander \"Howard\" Dumble made Robben's first Dumble Overdrive Special (serial #002) for Robben. Dumble himself is the owner of serial #001. When traveling abroad he prefers taking his Dumble, but will sometimes use Fender Super Reverb or Fender Twin amplifiers. Ford is married to cabaret singer Anne Kerry Ford. He is the uncle of current Little Feat drummer Gabe Ford. With the Blue Line With the Ford Blues Band With Jing Chi With the Yellowjackets With Miles Davis With Georgie Fame With Ruthie Foster With Dizzy Gillespie With Rickie Lee Jones With Kiss  With Neil Larsen With Bob Malach With Joni Mitchell With Charlie Musselwhite With David Sanborn With Tom Scott and the LA Express", "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers. The amps consist of a Mesa Boogie Mark I, Dumble Overdrive Reverb and more recently a Bludotone amplifier. Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones. A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps. Often the unique tones of each amplifier are blended together, complementing each other producing a richer tone. He also put the \"Boogie\" in Mesa Boogie. Santana is credited with coining the popular Mesa amplifier name when he tried one and exclaimed, \"That little thing really Boogies!\" Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers, and a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M \"Greenback\" speakers, depending on the desired sound. Shure KSM-32 microphones are used to pick up the sound, going to the PA. Additionally, a Fender Cyber-Twin Amp is mostly used at home. During his early career Santana used a GMT transistor amplifier stack and a silverface Fender Twin. The GMT 226A rig was used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album. During this era Santana had also begun to use the Fender Twin, which was also used on the debut and proceedingly at the recording sessions of Abraxas.", "Dumble Amplifiers Dumble musical instrument amplifiers is a guitar amplifier manufacturer in Los Angeles, California. A one-person operation, Alexander \"Howard\" Dumble makes each amp personally. Dumble amplifiers are the most expensive boutique amplifiers on the used market, and prices have risen rapidly. In 2012, \"Vintage Guitar\" magazine described the Dumble Overdrive Special as the most valuable in the product line, with used amplifiers fetching between $70,000 and $150,000. Other examples have sold for more. Dumble currently builds two or three amplifiers per year, primarily for celebrity musicians and studios. He prices them similarly to the used market to dissuade resale. Dumble services and refurbishes his original amplifiers for a fee, and many players buy used Dumble amplifiers and have Dumble refurbish them. Carlos Santana and Ben Harper, for example, both bought their first Dumble used, and had Dumble refurbish the amp for their particular playing styles. Howard Dumble began modifying Fender tweed and blackface amplifiers in 1963. Before he was 21, Mosrite, in Santa Cruz, hired Dumble to build a special line of Amplifiers for The Ventures. By the late 1970s, he was modifying and building high-gain amps in the way that Randall Smith of Mesa Boogie, and others did. Dumble, however, was not interested in selling amplifiers in greater numbers, but focused solely on getting the best possible sound. Building to order only (even building his own speaker cabinets by hand), his amps gained a positive reputation and became highly sought after by professional musicians. Dumble became known as a tube electronics master, and his high end clientele gained him a reputation as a reclusive amplifier tech to the stars. Much of the company's PR over the years has been word of mouth.", "Howard Dumble did some interviews and advertisements in the 80s\u2014but few people knew about him, even in the professional music community. Carlos Santana, for instance, only heard of Dumble in reference to Stevie Ray Vaughan in the late 90s. After someone loaned him an amplifier (it wasn't for sale) he \"was hooked for life.\" He subsequently contacted Howard Dumble, and was able to buy a used amp and have Dumble refurbish it. Reportedly he has since bought more. Since the 1980s, Dumble has covered the preamp circuitry of his amps with a thick layer of usually opaque epoxy, presumably protecting his schematic's exact design from prying eyes. There are also practical reasons for covering circuits in epoxy: it keeps the parts firmly in place and dissipates heat well. One such application of this was in the 1971 \"Urei 1176LN\" version C. Bill Putnam covered the additional \"Low Noise\" portion he developed for the 1176 in version C with black epoxy. Howard Dumble legally changed his name to Alexander, and prefers to be referred to as \"Alex\". As of 2017, Dumble still builds and services amplifiers for mainly prominent recording artists. However, if someone were to purchase a used amplifier, Dumble offers free servicing. Now older in age, he is said to only produce about five to ten amps per year. Since Dumble individually tailors his amplifiers, no two are exactly the same. However, most fall within a few known models. These models amount to general circuit styles and chassis layouts. The Overdrive Special is a two channel amplifier, with a clean channel and a second \"overdrive\" channel. This overdrive channel \"cascades\" from the first channel into at least one additional gain stage in the overdrive channel."], "answer": {"text": "Shure KSM-32 microphones are used to pick up the sound, going to the PA.", "answer_start": 1076}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Carlos Santana's distinctive guitar tone is produced by PRS Santana signature guitars plugged into multiple amplifiers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do the amplifiers do for Carlos Santana?", "answer": {"text": "Santana compares the tonal qualities of each amplifier to that of a singer producing head/nasal tones, chest tones, and belly tones.", "answer_start": 227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any songs that he uses his amplifiers on?", "answer": {"text": "used at the Woodstock concert as well as during recording Santana's debut album.", "answer_start": 1332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why are the amplifiers important?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A three-way amp switcher is employed on Carlos's pedal board to enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 360, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a three-way amp switcher?", "answer": {"text": "enable him to switch between amps.", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any other equipment for the amplifiers?", "answer": {"text": "Specifically, Santana combines a Mesa/Boogie Mark I head running through a Boogie cabinet with Altec 417-8H (or recently JBL E120s) speakers,", "answer_start": 747, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other equipment does he use?", "answer": {"text": "a Dumble Overdrive Reverb and/or a Dumble Overdrive Special running through a Brown or Marshall 4x12 cabinet with Celestion G12M \"Greenback\" speakers,", "answer_start": 893, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07581c228a074eb78252af0caf9aac69_1_q#0", "question": "when was Shen Kuo born?", "rewrite": "when was Shen Kuo born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wei Pu Wei Pu (; Wade-Giles: Wei P'u) was a Chinese astronomer and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). He was born a commoner, but eventually rose to prominence as an astronomer working for the imperial court at the capital of Kaifeng. Wei became a trusted colleague of the famous Song polymath statesman and scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095 AD), who served as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, and worked on various projects with Wei Pu. When Shen Kuo became the Supervisor of the Directorate of Astronomy in 1072 AD, Wei Pu became Shen's protege, and was eager to partake in Shen's ideal reforms to the Chinese calendar system. With the aid of many different scholars and a large assortment of gathered books written on astronomy, Shen and Wei embarked on this enormous project. With the aid of Wei Pu, Shen planned to make a series of nightly astronomical observations over a period of five years. To allow more accurate astronomical observations and recordings, Shen Kuo improved the technical designs of the rotating armillary sphere, the gnomon, the clepsydra clock, and the sighting tube. Shen Kuo calibrated the standard diameter of the sighting tube's width, hence allowing the observation of the pole star indefinitely (which had shifted since the time of Zu Geng in the 5th century). With these, Shen and Wei attempted to predict the mean speeds of the planets as well as the accurate positions of the planets in their orbits. They established a system of observing and recording on a star map the exact coordinates of the planets, done three times a night for a total of five years. Shen Kuo made a cosmological hypotheses in explaining the variations of planetary motions, including the concept of retrogradation.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property. It was there that Shen Kuo spent the last several years of his life in leisure, isolation, and illness, until his death in 1095.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "As described in his Dream Pool Essays, Shen Kuo enjoyed the company of the \"nine guests\" (Jiu Ke , jiuke), a figure of speech for the Chinese zither, the older 17x17 line variant of weiqi (known today as go), Zen Buddhist meditation, ink (calligraphy and painting), tea drinking, alchemy, chanting poetry, conversation, and drinking wine. These nine activities were an extension to the older so-called Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar. According to Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Ping Zhou Ke Tan ; Pingzhou Ketan) of 1119, Shen Kuo had two marriages; the second wife was the daughter of Zhang Chu (Zhang Chu ), who came from Huainan. Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property."], "answer": {"text": "in the year 1031.", "answer_start": 52}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_07581c228a074eb78252af0caf9aac69_1_q#1", "question": "what was his youth like?", "rewrite": "what was Shen Kuo's youth like?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "Wei Pu Wei Pu (; Wade-Giles: Wei P'u) was a Chinese astronomer and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). He was born a commoner, but eventually rose to prominence as an astronomer working for the imperial court at the capital of Kaifeng. Wei became a trusted colleague of the famous Song polymath statesman and scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095 AD), who served as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, and worked on various projects with Wei Pu. When Shen Kuo became the Supervisor of the Directorate of Astronomy in 1072 AD, Wei Pu became Shen's protege, and was eager to partake in Shen's ideal reforms to the Chinese calendar system. With the aid of many different scholars and a large assortment of gathered books written on astronomy, Shen and Wei embarked on this enormous project. With the aid of Wei Pu, Shen planned to make a series of nightly astronomical observations over a period of five years. To allow more accurate astronomical observations and recordings, Shen Kuo improved the technical designs of the rotating armillary sphere, the gnomon, the clepsydra clock, and the sighting tube. Shen Kuo calibrated the standard diameter of the sighting tube's width, hence allowing the observation of the pole star indefinitely (which had shifted since the time of Zu Geng in the 5th century). With these, Shen and Wei attempted to predict the mean speeds of the planets as well as the accurate positions of the planets in their orbits. They established a system of observing and recording on a star map the exact coordinates of the planets, done three times a night for a total of five years. Shen Kuo made a cosmological hypotheses in explaining the variations of planetary motions, including the concept of retrogradation.", "As described in his Dream Pool Essays, Shen Kuo enjoyed the company of the \"nine guests\" (Jiu Ke , jiuke), a figure of speech for the Chinese zither, the older 17x17 line variant of weiqi (known today as go), Zen Buddhist meditation, ink (calligraphy and painting), tea drinking, alchemy, chanting poetry, conversation, and drinking wine. These nine activities were an extension to the older so-called Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar. According to Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Ping Zhou Ke Tan ; Pingzhou Ketan) of 1119, Shen Kuo had two marriages; the second wife was the daughter of Zhang Chu (Zhang Chu ), who came from Huainan. Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property.", "Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property. It was there that Shen Kuo spent the last several years of his life in leisure, isolation, and illness, until his death in 1095."], "answer": {"text": "was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level;", "answer_start": 114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was Shen Kuo born?", "answer": {"text": "in the year 1031.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07581c228a074eb78252af0caf9aac69_1_q#2", "question": "did he marry?", "rewrite": "did Shen Kuo marry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "As described in his Dream Pool Essays, Shen Kuo enjoyed the company of the \"nine guests\" (Jiu Ke , jiuke), a figure of speech for the Chinese zither, the older 17x17 line variant of weiqi (known today as go), Zen Buddhist meditation, ink (calligraphy and painting), tea drinking, alchemy, chanting poetry, conversation, and drinking wine. These nine activities were an extension to the older so-called Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar. According to Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Ping Zhou Ke Tan ; Pingzhou Ketan) of 1119, Shen Kuo had two marriages; the second wife was the daughter of Zhang Chu (Zhang Chu ), who came from Huainan. Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property.", "Wei Pu Wei Pu (; Wade-Giles: Wei P'u) was a Chinese astronomer and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). He was born a commoner, but eventually rose to prominence as an astronomer working for the imperial court at the capital of Kaifeng. Wei became a trusted colleague of the famous Song polymath statesman and scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095 AD), who served as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, and worked on various projects with Wei Pu. When Shen Kuo became the Supervisor of the Directorate of Astronomy in 1072 AD, Wei Pu became Shen's protege, and was eager to partake in Shen's ideal reforms to the Chinese calendar system. With the aid of many different scholars and a large assortment of gathered books written on astronomy, Shen and Wei embarked on this enormous project. With the aid of Wei Pu, Shen planned to make a series of nightly astronomical observations over a period of five years. To allow more accurate astronomical observations and recordings, Shen Kuo improved the technical designs of the rotating armillary sphere, the gnomon, the clepsydra clock, and the sighting tube. Shen Kuo calibrated the standard diameter of the sighting tube's width, hence allowing the observation of the pole star indefinitely (which had shifted since the time of Zu Geng in the 5th century). With these, Shen and Wei attempted to predict the mean speeds of the planets as well as the accurate positions of the planets in their orbits. They established a system of observing and recording on a star map the exact coordinates of the planets, done three times a night for a total of five years. Shen Kuo made a cosmological hypotheses in explaining the variations of planetary motions, including the concept of retrogradation.", "Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property. It was there that Shen Kuo spent the last several years of his life in leisure, isolation, and illness, until his death in 1095.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "when was Shen Kuo born?", "answer": {"text": "in the year 1031.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his youth like?", "answer": {"text": "was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level;", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07581c228a074eb78252af0caf9aac69_1_q#3", "question": "how many children?", "rewrite": "how many children did Shen Kuo have?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property. It was there that Shen Kuo spent the last several years of his life in leisure, isolation, and illness, until his death in 1095.", "Wei Pu Wei Pu (; Wade-Giles: Wei P'u) was a Chinese astronomer and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). He was born a commoner, but eventually rose to prominence as an astronomer working for the imperial court at the capital of Kaifeng. Wei became a trusted colleague of the famous Song polymath statesman and scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095 AD), who served as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, and worked on various projects with Wei Pu. When Shen Kuo became the Supervisor of the Directorate of Astronomy in 1072 AD, Wei Pu became Shen's protege, and was eager to partake in Shen's ideal reforms to the Chinese calendar system. With the aid of many different scholars and a large assortment of gathered books written on astronomy, Shen and Wei embarked on this enormous project. With the aid of Wei Pu, Shen planned to make a series of nightly astronomical observations over a period of five years. To allow more accurate astronomical observations and recordings, Shen Kuo improved the technical designs of the rotating armillary sphere, the gnomon, the clepsydra clock, and the sighting tube. Shen Kuo calibrated the standard diameter of the sighting tube's width, hence allowing the observation of the pole star indefinitely (which had shifted since the time of Zu Geng in the 5th century). With these, Shen and Wei attempted to predict the mean speeds of the planets as well as the accurate positions of the planets in their orbits. They established a system of observing and recording on a star map the exact coordinates of the planets, done three times a night for a total of five years. Shen Kuo made a cosmological hypotheses in explaining the variations of planetary motions, including the concept of retrogradation.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "As described in his Dream Pool Essays, Shen Kuo enjoyed the company of the \"nine guests\" (Jiu Ke , jiuke), a figure of speech for the Chinese zither, the older 17x17 line variant of weiqi (known today as go), Zen Buddhist meditation, ink (calligraphy and painting), tea drinking, alchemy, chanting poetry, conversation, and drinking wine. These nine activities were an extension to the older so-called Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar. According to Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Ping Zhou Ke Tan ; Pingzhou Ketan) of 1119, Shen Kuo had two marriages; the second wife was the daughter of Zhang Chu (Zhang Chu ), who came from Huainan. Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was Shen Kuo born?", "answer": {"text": "in the year 1031.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his youth like?", "answer": {"text": "was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level;", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he marry?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07581c228a074eb78252af0caf9aac69_1_q#4", "question": "what was the biggest event of his youth?", "rewrite": "what was the biggest event of Shen Kuo's youth?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "As described in his Dream Pool Essays, Shen Kuo enjoyed the company of the \"nine guests\" (Jiu Ke , jiuke), a figure of speech for the Chinese zither, the older 17x17 line variant of weiqi (known today as go), Zen Buddhist meditation, ink (calligraphy and painting), tea drinking, alchemy, chanting poetry, conversation, and drinking wine. These nine activities were an extension to the older so-called Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar. According to Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Ping Zhou Ke Tan ; Pingzhou Ketan) of 1119, Shen Kuo had two marriages; the second wife was the daughter of Zhang Chu (Zhang Chu ), who came from Huainan. Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property.", "Wei Pu Wei Pu (; Wade-Giles: Wei P'u) was a Chinese astronomer and politician of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD). He was born a commoner, but eventually rose to prominence as an astronomer working for the imperial court at the capital of Kaifeng. Wei became a trusted colleague of the famous Song polymath statesman and scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095 AD), who served as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, and worked on various projects with Wei Pu. When Shen Kuo became the Supervisor of the Directorate of Astronomy in 1072 AD, Wei Pu became Shen's protege, and was eager to partake in Shen's ideal reforms to the Chinese calendar system. With the aid of many different scholars and a large assortment of gathered books written on astronomy, Shen and Wei embarked on this enormous project. With the aid of Wei Pu, Shen planned to make a series of nightly astronomical observations over a period of five years. To allow more accurate astronomical observations and recordings, Shen Kuo improved the technical designs of the rotating armillary sphere, the gnomon, the clepsydra clock, and the sighting tube. Shen Kuo calibrated the standard diameter of the sighting tube's width, hence allowing the observation of the pole star indefinitely (which had shifted since the time of Zu Geng in the 5th century). With these, Shen and Wei attempted to predict the mean speeds of the planets as well as the accurate positions of the planets in their orbits. They established a system of observing and recording on a star map the exact coordinates of the planets, done three times a night for a total of five years. Shen Kuo made a cosmological hypotheses in explaining the variations of planetary motions, including the concept of retrogradation.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property. It was there that Shen Kuo spent the last several years of his life in leisure, isolation, and illness, until his death in 1095."], "answer": {"text": "). As of 1054, Shen began serving in minor local governmental posts.", "answer_start": 147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was Shen Kuo born?", "answer": {"text": "in the year 1031.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his youth like?", "answer": {"text": "was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level;", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he marry?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07581c228a074eb78252af0caf9aac69_1_q#5", "question": "how long did he serve?", "rewrite": "how long did Shen Kuo serve in minor local governmental posts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shen Kuo grieved for his father, and following Confucian ethics, remained inactive in a state of mourning for three years until 1054 (or early 1055). As of 1054, Shen began serving in minor local governmental posts. However, his natural abilities to plan, organize, and design were proven early in life; one example is his design and supervision of the hydraulic drainage of an embankment system, which converted some one hundred thousand acres (400 km2) of swampland into prime farmland. Shen Kuo noted that the success of the silt fertilization method relied upon the effective operation of sluice gates of irrigation canals. The new Chancellor Cai Que (Cai Que ; 1036-1093) held Shen responsible for the disaster and loss of life. Along with abandoning the territory which Shen Kuo had fought for, Cai ousted Shen from his seat of office. Shen's life was now forever changed, as he lost his once reputable career in state governance and the military. Shen was then put under probation in a fixed residence for the next six years. However, as he was isolated from governance, he decided to pick up the ink brush and dedicate himself to intensive scholarly studies. After completing two geographical atlases for a state-sponsored program, Shen was rewarded by having his sentence of probation lifted, allowing him to live in a place of his choice. Shen was also pardoned by the court for any previous faults or crimes that were claimed against him. In his more idle years removed from court affairs, Shen Kuo enjoyed pastimes of the Chinese gentry and literati that would indicate his intellectual level and cultural taste to others.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "Shen Kuo grieved for his father, and following Confucian ethics, remained inactive in a state of mourning for three years until 1054 (or early 1055). As of 1054, Shen began serving in minor local governmental posts. However, his natural abilities to plan, organize, and design were proven early in life; one example is his design and supervision of the hydraulic drainage of an embankment system, which converted some one hundred thousand acres (400 km2) of swampland into prime farmland. Shen Kuo noted that the success of the silt fertilization method relied upon the effective operation of sluice gates of irrigation canals.", "Shen Kuo was born in Qiantang (modern-day Hangzhou) in the year 1031. His father Shen Zhou (Chen Zhou ; 978-1052) was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level; his mother was from a family of equal status in Suzhou, with her maiden name being Xu (Xu ). Shen Kuo received his initial childhood education from his mother, which was a common practice in China during this period. She was very educated herself, teaching Kuo and his brother Pi (Pi ) the military doctrines of her own elder brother Xu Tang (Xu Dong ; 975-1016). Since Shen was unable to boast of a prominent familial clan history like many of his elite peers born in the north, he was forced to rely on his wit and stern determination to achieve in his studies, subsequently passing the imperial examinations and enter the challenging and sophisticated life of an exam-drafted state bureaucrat. From about 1040 AD, Shen's family moved around Sichuan province and finally to the international seaport at Xiamen, where Shen's father accepted minor provincial posts in each new location. Shen Zhou also served several years in the prestigious capital judiciary, the equivalent of a federal supreme court. Shen Kuo took notice of the various towns and rural features of China as his family traveled, while he became interested during his youth in the diverse topography of the land. He also observed the intriguing aspects of his father's engagement in administrative governance and the managerial problems involved; these experiences had a deep impact on him as he later became a government official. Since he often became ill as a child, Shen Kuo also developed a natural curiosity about medicine and pharmaceutics. Shen Zhou died in the late winter of 1051 (or early 1052), when his son Shen Kuo was 21 years old.", "As described in his Dream Pool Essays, Shen Kuo enjoyed the company of the \"nine guests\" (Jiu Ke , jiuke), a figure of speech for the Chinese zither, the older 17x17 line variant of weiqi (known today as go), Zen Buddhist meditation, ink (calligraphy and painting), tea drinking, alchemy, chanting poetry, conversation, and drinking wine. These nine activities were an extension to the older so-called Four Arts of the Chinese Scholar. According to Zhu Yu's book Pingzhou Table Talks (Ping Zhou Ke Tan ; Pingzhou Ketan) of 1119, Shen Kuo had two marriages; the second wife was the daughter of Zhang Chu (Zhang Chu ), who came from Huainan. Lady Zhang was said to be overbearing and fierce, often abusive to Shen Kuo, even attempting at one time to pull off his beard. Shen Kuo's children were often upset over this, and prostrated themselves to Lady Zhang to quit this behavior. Despite this, Lady Zhang went as far as to drive out Shen Kuo's son from his first marriage, expelling him from the household. However, after Lady Zhang died, Shen Kuo fell into a deep depression and even attempted to jump into the Yangtze River to drown himself. Although this suicide attempt failed, he would die a year later. In the 1070s, Shen had purchased a lavish garden estate on the outskirts of modern-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, a place of great beauty which he named \"Dream Brook\" (\"Mengxi\") after he visited it for the first time in 1086. Shen Kuo permanently moved to the Dream Brook Estate in 1088, and in that same year he completed his life's written work of the Dream Pool Essays, naming the book after his garden-estate property."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was Shen Kuo born?", "answer": {"text": "in the year 1031.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his youth like?", "answer": {"text": "was a somewhat lower-class gentry figure serving in official posts on the provincial level;", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he marry?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the biggest event of his youth?", "answer": {"text": "). As of 1054, Shen began serving in minor local governmental posts.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_0_q#0", "question": "Who in the group  \"O-Town\" had a solo career?", "rewrite": "Who in the group  \"O-Town\" had a solo career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alesha Dixon was the group's rapper and joined in 1999, alongside Washington. She would also frequently take on second lead vocals on the group's records. However, she was best known for her distinct sounding rapping voice and usually sung live in performances for the group. Following the group's split, Dixon went on to embark on a highly successful solo career, releasing four studio albums to date and appearing on TV\u2014firstly as a winning competitor and then as a judge on \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and currently on \"Britain's Got Talent\". As well as \"Strictly Come Dancing\" and \"Britain's Got Talent\", Dixon also hosts \"Alesha's Street Dance Stars\" on CBBC. Su-Elise Nash, who joined the group in 1999, was the group's backing singer. Her vocals were rarely heard on the group's records. However, she added a lower register vocal to many of the group's harmonies, which was contribution to the group's sound. She was also a rapper, but only rapped on two of the group's records. Following the group's split, Nash has stayed out of the public eye. Sabrina Washington was the group's lead singer and joined the group in 1999 alongside Dixon. Sabrina had a very strong voice and would also rap on occasion. Following the group's split, Washington appeared on \"I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here! \" in 2010, and launched her solo career the same year. As of 2013, Washington was working on her debut solo album. Zena McNally joined the group in 1999 and released only one single with the group before leaving in 2001, Owing to wanting to pursue her own solo career. She released two solo singles in 2003, and worked as a radio presenter; she is mostly known for co-presenting on BBC Radio 1Xtra.", "After his departure in early 1999, Gackt started a solo career a year later which has been enormously successful; he is one of Japan's top musicians and TV personalities. Klaha started a solo career as well in December 2002, but in the middle of 2004 it was announced that his fan club would be closing down, and after that there have been long periods of silence, only broken by rare updates on his site. In 2007 he stated on his site that he would resume musical activity that year. But this did not happen and no information has been announced since. Yu ~ki has not been active on the music scene since 2004 when he wrote the song \"Memento\", about Kami, for K\u00f6zi's solo project. In an informal conversation with Klaha, he said he would like to return to the music scene. K\u00f6zi formed the industrial duo Eve of Destiny with Haruhiko Ash (ex:The Zolge) and also started a solo career. As of Halloween 2008 he is part of the band Dalle. Around June 2010, K\u00f6zi started to perform with a band called My Horror Revue. He has also formed the band XA-VAT, who held their first performance on November 16, 2010 and released their first single on December 2. In 2012, he formed the band ZIZ with the musicians who supported him with his solo career. Mana has formed his own solo project Moi dix Mois, which has performed live concerts across Europe. In addition to the successful solo project, Mana is a designer for his fashion label Moi-m\u00eame-Moiti\u00e9 (created in 1999), which focuses on the styles Elegant Gothic Aristocrat and Elegant Gothic Lolita. He also continues to run his indie record label , and has produced for artists such as Schwarz Stein and Kanon Wakeshima.", "Dream (Japanese group) On July 7, 2002, the main lyricist Mai Matsumuro left the group to pursue a solo career. After Matsumuro's departure, Avex held another audition to replace Matsumuro. Instead of one, six new members won the audition, resulting in an eight-member (Dream) group with the debut single \"Music is My Thing\". On March 2004, Risa Ai left to pursue a solo career. They became a 7-member group as performed this way until 2007. During this time, the band's name changed from dream to DRM. In August 2008, Yu Hasebe left the group to pursue a solo career, leaving Kana Tachibana behind as the only original member of dream. Afterward, DRM became Dream again. In August 2010, Dream released their official major re-debut single, \"My Way: Ulala\" on the Rhythm Zone label. On November 24, 2010, Dream released their first album as a six-member group, titled \"Hands Up!\" on the Rhythm Zone label. On November 23, 2010, Tachibana announced that she would leave the group. This marked the departure of the last member of the original three-member group. She officially left the group on February 20, 2011. On March 30, 2012, Sayaka Yamamoto departed to pursue a solo career. In 1999, the Avex label organized a talent contest, called \"Avex Dream 2000\", looking for the next big hit idol group. Over 120,000 hopefuls auditioned in front of a panel of judges, notably including Kaori Mochida of the popular band, Every Little Thing. Another of the entrants was Kumi Koda, who placed second and is now a popular singer.", "In 2019, Stevie Nicks became the first woman to be inducted twice, after having been inducted with Fleetwood Mac in 1998 and for her solo career in 2019. The following artists have been nominated at least once for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but have yet to be selected as an inductee. H. Band member Nile Rodgers was inducted as an Award for Music Excellence recipient in 2017. I. Band members Clyde McPhatter and Jackie Wilson were both inducted as solo artists in 1987, and McPhatter was inducted a second time as a member of the Drifters in 1988. J. In addition to this nomination for his solo career, Ben E. King was inducted as a member of The Drifters in 1988. M. In addition to this nomination for her recording career, Carole King was inducted as a non-performer in 1990 for her songwriting partnership with Gerry Goffin. K. In addition to this nomination for his solo career, Sting was inducted as a member of The Police in 2003. M. In addition to this nomination for his solo career, Steve Winwood was inducted as a member of Traffic in 2004. The following artists have been nominated for induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as part of its 2020 class.", "List of awards and nominations received by Busta Rhymes Among the awards won by the American musician Busta Rhymes are The Source Awards (1999), Soul Train Music Awards (2000), the Smash Hits Poll Winners Party (2005), Myx Music Award (2006), and the BET Hip Hop Awards (2006 and 2011). He has been nominated many times for the Grammy Award and the MTV Video Music Award. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for one \"Billboard\" Music Award during his solo career. The Winter Music Conference was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually. Busta Rhymes received one award out of one nomination. Busta Rhymes has won a Soul Train Music Award and has been nominated for two Soul Train Music Awards during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for one American Music Award during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has won a Source Award during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 12 Grammy Awards during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 16 MTV Video Music Awards during his solo career. The Myx Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the Philippine music video channel myx. Busta Rhymes received one nomination and won one. The Smash Hits Poll Winners Party were an awards ceremony which ran from 1988 to 2005. Each award winner was voted by readers of the \"Smash Hits\" magazine. Busta Rhymes received one award from one nomination."], "answer": {"text": "The most successful member of the group has been Ashley Parker Angel, who was signed to Universal's Blackground Records,", "answer_start": 48}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_0_q#1", "question": "What was the name of an album?", "rewrite": "What was the name of an album of Ashley Parker Angel?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tiffany Lynn Rowe Tiffany Lynn Rowe (born May 29, 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland), also known professionally as Tiffany Lynn, is an American model and actress, initially best known as the partner and later fianc\u00e9e of singer-songwriter Ashley Parker Angel in the reality series \" There and Back\". Rowe began her modeling career at the age of 15 and modeled in the United States, Mexico, England, Italy, Germany, and South Africa, among other countries. She was employed by Storm Model Management in Europe and later Elite Model Agency when in Los Angeles. In Europe, Rowe landed a Virgin Records Megastore campaign. Rowe commenced her acting career in music videos, including videos for \" Just So You Know\" (American Head Charge, 2001) , \"I Miss You\" (Blink 182, 2003), \" Come Undone\" (Robbie Williams, 2003) and \"Do It Well\" (Jennifer Lopez, 2007). She has also appeared in the music videos of such other artists as Lisa Stansfield and Barry White. In 2006, she appeared with Ashley Parker Angel in the MTV reality series, \"There and Back\" which was tracking Angel in his pursuit of solo stardom. During the series, Rowe was pregnant; the birth of their son was part of the reality show. Her professional film debut was a supporting role in the 2009 film, \"Waking Madison\", written and directed by Katherine Brooks, and co-starring Sarah Roemer, Elisabeth Shue, Will Patton and Taryn Manning. Rowe was engaged to singer/actor Ashley Parker Angel. The couple broke up in 2008, after a five-year relationship. In 2006, Lynn gave birth to their son, Lyric Lennon Parker-Angel. Lyric is an actor who plays Lachlan Drake on \"\".", "Ashley Parker Angel  Ashley Parker Angel (born August 1, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and actor who rose to prominence as a member of the boyband O-Town. After the band dissolved he had a brief solo music career, and was the only former band member who declined to go on a reunion tour with O-Town in 2011. Parker Angel has acted in several Broadway productions since 2007, and most recently appeared in \"Wicked\" as the lead male character Fiyero Tigelaar. Ashley Parker Angel was born Ashley Ward Parker, the child of Darren and Paula Parker, and raised in the town of Redding, California. His grandparents are of German and Irish descent. Ashley was named after the fictional character Ashley Wilkes, his mother's favorite character from Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel \"Gone with the Wind\", and the classic film of the same title. When Ashley was three years old, his parents divorced. His mother later remarried, and Ashley was legally adopted by his stepfather, Ron Angel, who is of American Indian descent. He then legally assumed the name by which he is also known as, \"Ashley Parker-Angel.\" He has two brothers, Taylor and Justin and two sisters, Annie and Emily. From a very early age, Ashley studied the piano, as his mother Paula was a successful piano teacher with many students of her own. He was by nature active and adventurous. In one incident, at the age of nine he inadvertently set fire to his elementary school's football and soccer fields due to the explosion of a model rocket he had launched on school property; local police charged him with a misdemeanor. As an adolescent, he was hired in an open casting call by the California-based video game company Working Designs, who produced many cult-hit role-playing games that required extensive voice acting.", "\"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 4: \" Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 5: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 6: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 10: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 11: \"Temperature\" - Sean Paul  April 12: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 13: \"S. O. S. ( Rescue Me )\" - Rihanna April 17: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 18: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 19: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 20: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 24: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 25: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook April 26: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 27: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg May 1: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 2: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 3: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 4: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 5: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 8: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 9: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers  May 10: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 11: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 15: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 17: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 18: \"Unfaithful\" - Rihanna", "Let U Go (Ashley Parker Angel song) \"Let U Go\" is the first single from Ashley Parker Angel's debut solo album, \"Soundtrack to Your Life\". In the U.S., the song debuted at #17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart, the third highest debut of the year. The song moved up to its peak of #12 in its second week, while reaching the top 10 of the Pop 100 companion chart at #9. The song was written about Angel's relationship with his now-ex-fiancee Tiffany Lynn. Angel has said that the relationship has, at times, been rough, but that he and Tiffany are meant to be together. Dr. Luke and Max Martin produced the song. This music video takes place in two places. In the beginning it seems Ashley and his band are in a basement. He begins to play the song and the walls begin to shake. After that the walls fall and the band ends up in a club with screaming fans all around. He moves to a secluded area and the music stops. It begins again as a strobe light begins to flash. The song starts to end and the club changes to the front of a theater which says \"Ashley Parker Angel, One Night Only\". The song ends and Ashley throws his guitar over his shoulder and walks away. It premiered on TRL on March 14, 2006 and went to number one soon after.", "\"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 2: \"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 6: \"Hung Up\" - Madonna February 7: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 8: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 9: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 13: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 14: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 15: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 16: \"Goodbye For Now\" - P. O. D.  February 21: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 22: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 23: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 24: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 27: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 28: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 1: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 2: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 6: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 7: \"The Real Thing\" - Bo Bice  March 8: \"Sorry\" - Madonna March 9: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 13: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 14: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  March 15: \" So Sick\" - Ne-Yo March 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 20: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 21: \"Hips Don't Lie\" - Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean March 22: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 23: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 24 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 27: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 28 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 3:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who in the group  \"O-Town\" had a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "The most successful member of the group has been Ashley Parker Angel, who was signed to Universal's Blackground Records,", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_0_q#2", "question": "Did any of the other members go solo?", "rewrite": "Did any of the other members go solo besides Ashley Parker Angel?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Let U Go (Ashley Parker Angel song) \"Let U Go\" is the first single from Ashley Parker Angel's debut solo album, \"Soundtrack to Your Life\". In the U.S., the song debuted at #17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart, the third highest debut of the year. The song moved up to its peak of #12 in its second week, while reaching the top 10 of the Pop 100 companion chart at #9. The song was written about Angel's relationship with his now-ex-fiancee Tiffany Lynn. Angel has said that the relationship has, at times, been rough, but that he and Tiffany are meant to be together. Dr. Luke and Max Martin produced the song. This music video takes place in two places. In the beginning it seems Ashley and his band are in a basement. He begins to play the song and the walls begin to shake. After that the walls fall and the band ends up in a club with screaming fans all around. He moves to a secluded area and the music stops. It begins again as a strobe light begins to flash. The song starts to end and the club changes to the front of a theater which says \"Ashley Parker Angel, One Night Only\". The song ends and Ashley throws his guitar over his shoulder and walks away. It premiered on TRL on March 14, 2006 and went to number one soon after.", "\"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 4: \" Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 5: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 6: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 10: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 11: \"Temperature\" - Sean Paul  April 12: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 13: \"S. O. S. ( Rescue Me )\" - Rihanna April 17: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  April 18: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson April 19: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 20: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 24: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 25: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook April 26: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg April 27: \"Say Somethin'\" - Mariah Carey featuring Snoop Dogg May 1: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 2: \" Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 3: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 4: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 5: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 8: \"A Little Less Sixteen Candles, A Little More ( Touch Me )\" - Fall Out Boy  May 9: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers  May 10: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 11: \"Dani California\" - Red Hot Chili Peppers May 15: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson May 17: \"Where'd You Go\" - Fort Minor featuring Holly Brook May 18: \"Unfaithful\" - Rihanna", "\"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 2: \"Don't Forget About Us\" - Mariah Carey February 6: \"Hung Up\" - Madonna February 7: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 8: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 9: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 13: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 14: \"Move Along\" - The All-American Rejects February 15: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 16: \"Goodbye For Now\" - P. O. D.  February 21: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 22: \"L. O. V. E.\" - Ashlee Simpson February 23: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 24: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 27: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  February 28: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 1: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 2: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 6: \"Sorry\" - Madonna  March 7: \"The Real Thing\" - Bo Bice  March 8: \"Sorry\" - Madonna March 9: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 13: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 14: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson  March 15: \" So Sick\" - Ne-Yo March 16: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 20: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 21: \"Hips Don't Lie\" - Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean March 22: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 23: \"Walk Away\" - Kelly Clarkson March 24 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 27: \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel March 28 : \"Let U Go\" - Ashley Parker Angel April 3:", "Tiffany Lynn Rowe Tiffany Lynn Rowe (born May 29, 1979 in Baltimore, Maryland), also known professionally as Tiffany Lynn, is an American model and actress, initially best known as the partner and later fianc\u00e9e of singer-songwriter Ashley Parker Angel in the reality series \" There and Back\". Rowe began her modeling career at the age of 15 and modeled in the United States, Mexico, England, Italy, Germany, and South Africa, among other countries. She was employed by Storm Model Management in Europe and later Elite Model Agency when in Los Angeles. In Europe, Rowe landed a Virgin Records Megastore campaign. Rowe commenced her acting career in music videos, including videos for \" Just So You Know\" (American Head Charge, 2001) , \"I Miss You\" (Blink 182, 2003), \" Come Undone\" (Robbie Williams, 2003) and \"Do It Well\" (Jennifer Lopez, 2007). She has also appeared in the music videos of such other artists as Lisa Stansfield and Barry White. In 2006, she appeared with Ashley Parker Angel in the MTV reality series, \"There and Back\" which was tracking Angel in his pursuit of solo stardom. During the series, Rowe was pregnant; the birth of their son was part of the reality show. Her professional film debut was a supporting role in the 2009 film, \"Waking Madison\", written and directed by Katherine Brooks, and co-starring Sarah Roemer, Elisabeth Shue, Will Patton and Taryn Manning. Rowe was engaged to singer/actor Ashley Parker Angel. The couple broke up in 2008, after a five-year relationship. In 2006, Lynn gave birth to their son, Lyric Lennon Parker-Angel. Lyric is an actor who plays Lachlan Drake on \"\".", "Ashley Parker Angel  Ashley Parker Angel (born August 1, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and actor who rose to prominence as a member of the boyband O-Town. After the band dissolved he had a brief solo music career, and was the only former band member who declined to go on a reunion tour with O-Town in 2011. Parker Angel has acted in several Broadway productions since 2007, and most recently appeared in \"Wicked\" as the lead male character Fiyero Tigelaar. Ashley Parker Angel was born Ashley Ward Parker, the child of Darren and Paula Parker, and raised in the town of Redding, California. His grandparents are of German and Irish descent. Ashley was named after the fictional character Ashley Wilkes, his mother's favorite character from Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel \"Gone with the Wind\", and the classic film of the same title. When Ashley was three years old, his parents divorced. His mother later remarried, and Ashley was legally adopted by his stepfather, Ron Angel, who is of American Indian descent. He then legally assumed the name by which he is also known as, \"Ashley Parker-Angel.\" He has two brothers, Taylor and Justin and two sisters, Annie and Emily. From a very early age, Ashley studied the piano, as his mother Paula was a successful piano teacher with many students of her own. He was by nature active and adventurous. In one incident, at the age of nine he inadvertently set fire to his elementary school's football and soccer fields due to the explosion of a model rocket he had launched on school property; local police charged him with a misdemeanor. As an adolescent, he was hired in an open casting call by the California-based video game company Working Designs, who produced many cult-hit role-playing games that required extensive voice acting."], "answer": {"text": "TMZ reported that Erik, Trevor, Dan & Jacob have returned to the studio to record the follow-up to O2,", "answer_start": 965}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who in the group  \"O-Town\" had a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "The most successful member of the group has been Ashley Parker Angel, who was signed to Universal's Blackground Records,", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of an album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_0_q#3", "question": "What else happened from 2003-2013?", "rewrite": "What else happened from 2003-2013 along with \"O-Town\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Or it wasn't really about \"our\" record. It was just about that circumstance. For us, none of us have a real strong position against people sharing music. I mean, I think that's fine. We didn't feel like we were getting ripped off or anything. Everything else related to it, between that writer and his boss... [Laughs.] ... Whatever else happened, I feel like we're out of it. Critical response to \"Civil War\" was generally positive. Online retailer Interpunk.com called the album \"worth every second of the interminable wait. From the opening note of the first track it's blatantly apparent that the guys in D4 haven\u2019t lost a step\". Reviewer Jason Lymangrover of Allmusic commented that the album \"[holds] strong to their melodic punk roots, but [shows] a new, more mature side of the band. The fiery pep is still intact here, but the carefree days of 'He's a Shithead ( Yeah, Yeah)' have been replaced with thoughtful lyrics dealing with social injustices... it's their most glossy, most consistent, most calm, and surprisingly, their most socially relevant album, despite their approach toward middle age on a teen-oriented punk playground. \" Chris Fallon of Absolutepunk.net also praised the album, calling it \"a new stitch in a damaged American flag; it's the healthy new dose of oxygen we are severely in need of in a crippled music industry starved of substance.\" He particularly praised the band's songwriting and use of melody, stating that \"The record is audibly more melodic than previous releases, with a focus on pop-infused choruses and hooks, all while still containing that raw focal point the band has continually reached for on past albums.", "She goes with him to a 1980s night and he is annoyed when she gets a woman's phone number instead of him so he requests the song \" We Call It Acieed\" and when it plays, Tina has a terrifying flashback. Tina breaks down at work; she tells Sonia that when she was 19 or 20, she would play a game with Stuart and his friends that involved mild \"torture\", but once she was locked in a car boot, tied up and gagged, and feared she would die when she smelt burning; Tina realises that the same song was playing in the car that day and believes that Stuart is responsible. She tells Stuart this, but he says it must have been someone else and he will find out who it was, to which Tina agrees. Sonia encourages Tina to tell Mick about what happened to her but when she goes to tell him, Stuart has already spoken to him and Linda. Mick says he will help find out who did it, Stuart mentions that Tina was called a \"slag\" by the person who did it despite her not telling him, so she accuses him again but he still denies it. Tina gets drunk in the club and gets angry when someone calls her a \"slag\", she goes missing and Billy tells the Carters what happened in the club. Linda later finds Tina at the police station. Mick then overhears as Tina tells Linda that it was Stuart. Mick finds Tina's old diary and they recall what else happened that day; they remember getting new football kits and Tina recalls her abuser wearing shirt number 9, which Mick says Stuart was wearing that day. Mick confronts Stuart who still denies everything. Stuart keys his own car, claiming that Tina has done it, and accuses her of starting a hate campaign against him.", "First day auditions for \"Ally Was Screaming\" were held in Vancouver on 19 September 2013 and in Calgary on 27 September 2013. Thomas later said it was \"unfortunate\" that the actors chosen were all so \"good-looking\"; he had wanted \"normal guys\". As this was his first externally budgeted film, it was important to Telefilm Canada that the project had a \"very strong\" crew. To ensure this, Tom Benz was brought in as the production manager; he had been production manager for \"Brokeback Mountain\". The result was \"extremely intimidating\" for Thomas, who felt that while he was \"in charge\" as the director, he was also the least experienced person on the set: \"You can't bluff your way out of an experience like that, where the second camera assistant ... has been on more sets than the director. They were just patient with me.\" On the first day of filming, Thomas was so overwhelmed by the number of crew and the amount of equipment that when someone said \"rollling\", he looked around at the silent room and did not realize at first that he had to say \"action\" before anything else happened. \"Ally Was Screaming\" was shot mainly over two weeks in November 2013, using various locations in Calgary, including Arbour Lake, Mayland Heights and Crescent Heights. Principal photography took place between 1 and 17 November, but due to exceessive snow in Calgary, some shots with Charlie Carrick and Giacomo Baessato had to be filmed in Vancouver on 29 November. The pig factory farm footage was provided by PETA according to the film credits. A director has the option of watching the action as it unfolds before his eyes or from a monitor.", "If nothing else happened, the Hill Giant would deal 3 damage to the Grizzly Bears and kill them, while the Bears would deal 2 damage to the Giant, making Hill Giant \"the winner\". However, Norman decides to cast his spell to give +3/+3 to his Grizzly Bears before combat damage is dealt. He taps a Forest to pay for the spell, and puts Giant Growth on the stack. Tom, who does not want to give the Grizzly Bears a chance to grow to 5/5 and kill his Hill Giant, responds by casting targeting the Grizzly Bears. He taps one Mountain to pay for the spell, and puts Shock on the stack on top of Giant Growth. If Norman had no other spells, then Tom's Shock would resolve first and deal 2 damage to the Grizzly Bears, killing them. His Giant Growth would then go to the graveyard with no effect because the Bears would no longer be on the battlefield and would thus be an illegal target. Fortunately for Norman, he has another spell to cast. He taps a Plains and casts targeting his Grizzly Bears. Now Mending Hands is on top of the stack, with Shock and then Giant Growth beneath it. Since both players are out of spells to cast, the top spell on the stack resolves. Mending Hands creates a \"damage prevention shield\" that will prevent up to 4 points of damage to Norman's Bears, and is put into Norman's graveyard after it resolves. Neither player chooses to cast anything else at this point, so Tom's Shock resolves. It attempts to deal 2 damage to Grizzly Bears, but Norman's Mending Hands prevents the damage, and Shock is put into Tom's graveyard. Finally, Norman's Giant Growth resolves and makes Grizzly Bears a 5/5 creature until end of turn. Giant Growth then goes to Norman's graveyard.", "Following the revelation that Ava had in fact murdered Connie Falconeri (Kelly Sullivan), head writer Ron Carlivati opened up to Michael Logan of \"TV Guide\" about the revelation, and whether or not he felt he had turned Ava into a cold-blooded killer. Carlivati stated, \"Of course, we were nervous! Especially the more we and the audience got invested in Ava. It was always my plan to have her be the killer but there was still the chance that we would change our minds and not write it that way. As the character started growing in popularity, [executive producer] Frank Valentini said, \"You know, Connie's killer doesn't have to be Ava. Maybe something else happened. Maybe someone else came in and killed Connie. \" There was certainly that temptation to protect Ava but, in the end, we decided it was a stronger move to stick with our original idea and see where that could take us down the line: What will happen between Ava and Sonny if and when he finds out she killed Connie? What will he do? She will have nowhere to run!\" In early 2015, Ava (after escaping from prison) is shot by Carlos Rivera (Jeffrey Vincent Parise), as revenge for causing him to be falsely imprisoned, and falls from a bridge. She is presumed dead and a wake in her honor takes place, although in reality she survives. Silas Clay (Michael Easton), who has stashed Ava in a secret hospital room in New York, informs her that she has cancer and is dying, with her condition quickly worsening. After a bone marrow donor cannot be found to save her, Silas agrees to euthanize Ava (per her wishes), on April 16. \" Soap Opera Digest\" speculated as to whether or not this was in fact the character's final appearance."], "answer": {"text": "Ex-bandmate, Trevor Penick, now professionally known as \"Tre Scott\", was signed to Mach 1 Music,", "answer_start": 435}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who in the group  \"O-Town\" had a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "The most successful member of the group has been Ashley Parker Angel, who was signed to Universal's Blackground Records,", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of an album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did any of the other members go solo?", "answer": {"text": "TMZ reported that Erik, Trevor, Dan & Jacob have returned to the studio to record the follow-up to O2,", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_0_q#4", "question": "Did Trevor release any songs?", "rewrite": "Did Trevor Penick release any songs?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Penick John E. Penick (born 1944) is an American professor of science education who has taught in high schools, community college, and at several universities in the United States and abroad. Author of more than 200 articles in professional journals and 40 books and monographs, Penick is best known for promoting innovative programs and processes for enhancing undergraduate teacher education. Many of his innovations were based on his studies of exemplary teachers in the United States, studies that focused on determining the roles of effective teachers. In addition to his work with undergraduates, Penick has conducted workshops and presentations for teachers in almost every state of the U.S., speaking about and demonstrating how research can inform teacher practice and conditions. Widening his scope, Penick has worked extensively with a variety of international universities, ministries of education, and organizations in 35 countries. Penick received his B.S. in zoology and chemistry (1966) and his M.A. in biology education (1969) from the University of Miami. He received his Ph.D. in Science Education from The Florida State University in 1973. At Florida State he was mentored by Professor Dorothy M. Schlitt, known for her innovative ideas related to science teacher education. At Florida State, Penick was also significantly influenced by Professors Charles Matthews and Ron Good. While at Florida State Penick met fellow student James A. Shymansky, with whom he would continue to work for many years. Following his graduation in 1973, Penick became assistant professor at Loyola University of Chicago, where he taught and was Director of Teacher Education in his second year. In 1975 Penick left Loyola for the University of Iowa, where his classmate, James A. Shymansky, had been for two years. At Iowa, Penick was promoted to Associate Professor (1977) and Professor (1982) and eventually was named Department Chair (1982).", "Ib Penick Ib Penick (1930\u20131998), a native of Denmark, was known as \"the creative mind behind the resurgence of pop-up children's books in the 1960s and 1970s. In his career, Penick designed more than 130 children's books, including \"Star Wars: a Pop-up Book\", which sold more than a million copies. Penick related to one reporter, \"...there are only about 100 folds and tricks to [his paper engineering] trade. It's like playing a piano. You have only a certain number of keys, but it's the combinations that make the difference.\" In the 1960s Penick joined Waldo Hunt at Graphics International, a firm that created pop-up books, including a series of titles for Random House and other publishers. Penick was the \"premier paper engineer\" for the Random House pop-up titles, and Tor Lokvig was his protege. According to Gerald Harrison, a former president of the children's books division at Random House, Penick \"was really responsible for creating the whole world we lived in. With the advent of the Random House line, a whole industry was created and the very first ones were created by Ib.\" Penick and Hunt later sold Graphics International to Hallmark Cards in 1966. The following is a sample of the pop-up books paper engineered by Ib Penick: Penick held several patents in the area of paper engineering, camera design and packaging, including:", "While at Iowa, Penick worked closely with Vincent Lunetta in developing and expanding a preservice science teacher education program, initially funded by the National Science Foundation, called Iowa UPSTEP. During Penick's years at the University of Iowa, the department of science education was noted as being large, dynamic, and highly productive of scholarly publications and outstanding students at every level. In 1985 he was a senior Fulbright Scholar at the University of Lisbon (Portugal) and The Technion (Haifa, Israel). After more than 22 years at the University of Iowa, Penick was named Head of the Department of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education at North Carolina State University. As Department Head, Penick emphasized research productivity and hired a number of new faculty members. During his more than 10 years as Head, the value of grants obtained by his department grew significantly and his department grew in research productivity. Following his retirement from NC State in 2009, Penick accepted a position as Director for Research and Development at Sangari do Brasil, in S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil. With the creation of Sangari USA, Penick became vice president for research and development of the American subsidiary. He retired from Sangari in 2011 and currently resides in Miami Florida. Active academically , Penick has been or is on the editorial boards of a number of journals. Penick has received formal recognition from a number of groups, including the Association for Science Teacher Education (ASTE), which has presented him with its Outstanding Research award (1976, with James A. Shymansky), Outstanding Mentor award (1997), and named him Outstanding Science Educator in 1987. Penick was elected president of ASTE in 2002-2003.", "Harvey Penick Harvey Morrison Penick (October 23, 1904 \u2013 April 2, 1995) was an American golf professional and coach, who coached many Hall of Fame players. Late in life, he became a best-selling writer. He was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 2002, seven years after his death. Penick was born in Austin, Texas. He began his golf career as a caddie at the Austin Country Club at age eight. He became the club's assistant pro five years later, and after his graduation from high school, was promoted to head professional in 1923, where he remained until 1973. After 1973, Penick continued teaching at the club. Penick was the golf coach at the University of Texas from 1931 to 1963, coaching the Longhorns to 21 Southwest Conference championships in 33 years, including 20 out of 23 seasons from 1932 to 1954 (1932\u201338; 1940\u201347; 1949\u201352; 1954). He coached the following members of the World Golf Hall of Fame: Tom Kite, Ben Crenshaw, Mickey Wright, Betsy Rawls, and Kathy Whitworth. Other outstanding players coached by Penick include: Sandra Palmer, Judy Kimball, Wes Ellis, Terry Dill, Don Massengale, Rik Massengale, Davis Love Jr., and Ed White. In 1989, Penick was honored by the PGA of America as Teacher of the Year. In 1992, he co-authored (with Bud Shrake) \" Harvey Penick's Little Red Book\"; filled with insightful, easily understood anecdotes, it became the highest selling golf book ever published. While Penick was a strong all-around teacher of the game, he was perhaps the most gifted instructor of the mental game who ever lived.", "The members of O-Town moved on to solo careers. The most successful member of the group has been Ashley Parker Angel, who was signed to Universal's Blackground Records, and also given his own reality show on MTV, There and Back. Released in 2006, Ashley's solo debut album was heavily promoted, but did not achieve solid sales numbers. In January 2007, he began playing the role of Link Larkin in the Broadway production of Hairspray. Ex-bandmate, Trevor Penick, now professionally known as \"Tre Scott\", was signed to Mach 1 Music, and worked with established industry producer Eddie Galan. The other band members retained a fanbase and had success in their own right, as evidenced by their Myspace profiles. Erik stayed in the music business and went on to collaborate and co-write songs for other artists. Jacob Underwood went on to start his own country band \"Jacobs Loc\". Back in January 2011, rumors were swirling that a reunion was in the works for the band. TMZ reported that Erik, Trevor, Dan & Jacob have returned to the studio to record the follow-up to O2, however, it was confirmed that Ashley Parker Angel declined the offer from the guys. He told TMZ in a following article his explanation. \"O-Town was one of the greatest chapters of my life, so when the idea of a reunion was brought to me, of course I was intrigued. However I have made the decision not to be a part of an O-Town reunion. It was a difficult decision, but ultimately necessary to move on with the next chapter of my career.\" He has, however, given the guys his blessing for them to reunite without him."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who in the group  \"O-Town\" had a solo career?", "answer": {"text": "The most successful member of the group has been Ashley Parker Angel, who was signed to Universal's Blackground Records,", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of an album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did any of the other members go solo?", "answer": {"text": "TMZ reported that Erik, Trevor, Dan & Jacob have returned to the studio to record the follow-up to O2,", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened from 2003-2013?", "answer": {"text": "Ex-bandmate, Trevor Penick, now professionally known as \"Tre Scott\", was signed to Mach 1 Music,", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_1_q#0", "question": "When was the album O-Town by O-Town released?", "rewrite": "When was the album O-Town by O-Town released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On October 15, Label SJ shared the time schedule for the group upcoming comeback as \"Super Junior 8th Album Comeback Track\", which the group will reveal their group image on October 17, and followed with personal images on October 18 to October 20. On October 18, Label SJ announced the group album title \"Play\" alongside personal image teaser of Leeteuk & Siwon, which is a combination of two meanings as in 'replay the music' and 'play excitedly'. The next day alongside personal image teaser of Donghae, Shindong, and Eunhyuk, Label SJ announced \"Play\" will consist a total of 10 tracks. On October 20, while revealed Heechul and Yesung personal image teaser, Label SJ also announced that the image teaser consists of two concepts for title track \"Black Suit\" and pre-release track \"One More Chance\". \" One More Chance\" is a self-composed song by Donghae for the fans. On October 29, SM Town released the video teaser for \"One More Chance\" and after few hours in the following day, October 30 the music video was released. On November 1, SM Town released the first video teaser for title track \"Black Suit\". In the following days, November 2 and November 3, more two video teasers were released. It was also revealed Super Junior will be appearing in multiple variety shows such as Knowing Bros, Weekly Idol, Running Man, and SNL Korea to promote the album. Super Junior held a press conference to announce the album's release in Seoul on November 6, 2017. In the same day they held a live stream through their V live channel to talk about their new album. The music video for \"Black Suit\" was also released earning 3 million views in 24 hours.", "Little Big Town discography  American country music group Little Big Town has released eight studio albums and 26 singles. Little Big Town released their self-titled debut album on Monument Nashville in 2002, though they only managed one top 40 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. They returned in 2005 with \"The Road to Here\", which was released on Equity Music Group. It produced four top 20 hits, including \"Boondocks\" and \"Bring It on Home,\" both of which reached the top 10. They followed it with \"A Place to Land\", though the lead single, \"I'm with the Band\", was unsuccessful and the group was left without a label shortly after the album's release when Equity folded. Little Big Town was quickly re-signed by Capitol Nashville, who re-released \"A Place to Land\" and promoted two more singles from it. In 2010, Little Big Town scored their first top 10 hit in four years with \"Little White Church\", the lead single to their fourth studio album, \"The Reason Why\". Their fifth studio album, \"Tornado\", was released on September 11, 2012 and lead single \"Pontoon\" became their first number one hit. The second single, the title track, reached number 2 on the Country Airplay chart in 2013. All of Little Big Town's singles have featured music videos (except \"The Reason Why\"). The video for \"Life in a Northern Town\" was filmed live in concert.", "In 1998\u201399 the club won the FA Vase again, beating Bedlington Terriers 1\u20130, and finished second in the league, earning promotion to Division One West of the Southern League. In 2000\u201301 they finished second, and were promoted to the Premier Division, where they remained until 2011. In 2006\u201307 they won the Southern League Cup. On 18 April 2012 it was announced in the national press that Tiverton had appointed 27-year-old internet entrepreneur Matthew Conridge as their new chairman. Believed to be one of the youngest football chairman in the UK ever Conridge was quoted as saying, \"\"I'm not here to chuck thousands of pounds into a black hole, I'm here to pull everyone together and work with a good team... This club will not spend more than it can afford to chase a dream... If we can't afford a budget to go to Blue Square Bet South we won't pay it\".\" On 30 April 2013 Tiverton Town released a press release as follows \" Tiverton Town can confirm that Matthew Conridge has stepped down as Chairman of Tiverton Town to pursue other business interests. The club would like to place on record its gratitude for all his hard work whilst in the position. Former Tivvy chairman Dave Wright is taking over the position of chairman for the time being. The club also wishes to confirm the departure of interim manager Jamie Ward together with his assistant Paul Short.\" In May 2013 Tiverton town released the following press release to announce the arrival of John Clarkson as their new manager \"John Clarkson was tonight introduced to the media and Tivvy fans at a press conference at Ladysmead. Clarkson has arrived from Spain where he was manager of Ontinyent in Segunda B. He had been managing in Spain for the last six years\".", "The Brimstone Sluggers The Brimstone Sluggers is the third studio album by American rap rock band Crazy Town. It was released on August 28, 2015 and was Crazy Town's first album in 13 years since \"Darkhorse\" in 2002. According to Mazur, the album is a stylistic follow up to their 1999 debut, \"The Gift of Game\". In comparison to \"Darkhorse\", which was more rock oriented, \"The Brimstone Sluggers\" focuses more on hip-hop, and features collaborations from rappers Madchild and Bishop Lamont. Former Crazy Town member DJ AM, who died in 2009, is a featured artist on the track \"Born to Raise Hell\", and No Doubt guitarist Tom Dumont provides guitar and vocals on the track \"Ashes\". Crazy Town disbanded in 2003 shortly after the release of their 2002 album \"Darkhorse\", citing amongst other things, pressure from their record company for a follow-up to their No. 1 hit \"Butterfly\". They reformed in late 2007, and announced they were working on \"The Brimstone Sluggers\" in August 2013. The album's title is a reference to the band name Crazy Town founding members Bret Mazur and Shifty Shellshock originally performed under. Crazy Town released teaser clips promoting the album in August 2013. They began touring in Europe in June 2014 to promote the then upcoming album. In December 2014 they released the single \"Megatron\", which was featured as the new theme song for \"Impact Wrestling\". They released the single \"Backpack\" in July 2015. The album was released on 28 August 2015 under Membran Records. \" Born to Raise Hell\" was released as a single in August 2015, and a music video was released in September. To promote the album Crazy Town would perform two concerts in Germany in November 2015, and two in Italy in December.", "The album achieved little commercial success, spawning only two singles: \"Drowning\", which became a minor hit in the US, UK, Austria and Germany, and \"Hurt You So Bad\", which failed to chart at all. Shortly after the release of \"Darkhorse\" the band broke up in 2003, citing amongst other things, pressure from their record company for a \"Butterfly\" follow-up. During Crazy Town's hiatus, Bret Mazur went on to form \"The Pharmacy\", a record-producing company. Shortly after leaving Crazy Town, Rust Epique formed a band which would eventually go by the name pre)Thing. He died of a heart attack shortly before their debut album \"22nd Century Lifestyle\" was released in 2004. Binzer contributed vocals to Paul Oakenfold's 2002 single \"Starry Eyed Surprise\". He released his first solo album in 2004, \"Happy Love Sick\", under his alias Shifty Shellshock. Kraig Tyler joined Eric Powell's industrial band \"16Volt\". In late 2007, Crazy Town announced that the remaining members had reformed and were working on a new studio album, tentatively titled \"Crazy Town is Back\", which would be released sometime in 2008, though no such release was ever made. On August 26, 2009, Crazy Town performed at Les Deux, in Hollywood, California, on stage together for the first time in five years. On August 28, 2009, former member DJ AM was found dead in his apartment, of an accidental drug overdose. On August 7, 2010, Crazy Town played together at the festival \"SRH FEST 2010\" in California. Throughout 2011, Crazy Town released a new song, \"My Place\", on YouTube, as well as two new songs, \"Hard to Get\" and \"Hit That Switch\", on their Myspace page."], "answer": {"text": "July 21, 2001", "answer_start": 917}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_1_q#1", "question": "What other details are there about the album?", "rewrite": "What other details are there about the album O-Town by O-Town other than when the album was released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In an October 2011, interview with hip-hop magazine \"XXL\", Bun B confirmed that he would appear on \"God Forgives, I Don't\", but did not make the final cut of the album. In October 2011, the first video log of the making of \"God Forgives, I Don't\" was released, and featured The Alchemist, in a studio session released by Rick Ross. On October 4, 2011, Ross appeared on the radio station Hot 97; during an interview with Funkmaster Flex, he premiered two promotional singles for \"God Forgives , I Don't\", titled \"You the Boss\" and \"I Love My Bitches\". Ross would later announce neither song would make the album. Funkmaster Flex interviewed Ross on topics such as his beef with Kreayshawn and Young Jeezy, along with details of the album, however Ross declined to divulge information on the album, preferring to keep details of the project under wraps. Two days later on October 6, 2011, Ross appeared on the Breakfast Club to promote the album. Ross maintained his tight-lipped approach of not divulging details of \"God Forgives, I Don't\". Later on October 6, 2011, Rick Ross along with Def Jam Records held the official \"GFID Conference Call\", to discuss the album and have Ross answer questions. When callers of the music industry asked questions on producers and features of the album, Ross declined to answer, stating that recording \"God Forgives, I Don't\" was still in process and did not wish to disclose too many details of the album, preferring to open up about the album as the release date nears.", "C\u00f3mplices C\u00f3mplices is the 18th studio album by Mexican singer Luis Miguel. The album was released by WEA Latina on May 6, 2008. It is one of the most highly anticipated projects by the artist. The first rumors about this disc was that it was going to be a duet album, but it was not until March of that same year that the first details of the album were released. For this album, the singer received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Pop Vocal Album. This was rumored as a duet album (like \"Papito\" by Spanish singer Miguel Bos\u00e9). But in early March, the first official details from the album were released. In this report that the label made public, the first promotional picture was shown, and that it would be an album with all new songs. It was also revealed that Manuel Alejandro participated in the production and composition. However, on April 1 of the same year, new details were mentioned. The name \"C\u00f3mplices\" was made official name for the album, revealing that the release date will be May 6. Also, a radio station on United States played what is seem to be the actual single. It was played in a very popular Latin radio show. And again, the piracy made that the song was made to be found complete on internet. By April 2, the song was very popular on the Internet. As a consequence of this, is rumoured that Warner Music executives decide to change the date of the single release. The release was officially made in USA at April 3. In Latin America and Europe, it was still April 7. \" Si Tu Te Atreves\" (\"If You Dare\") was released worldwide finally on April 7, 2008, which debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks at number 23.", "Ghost Town (Adam Lambert song) \"Ghost Town\" is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, \"The Original High\" (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US. In July 2013, it was reported that Lambert had left his record label of four years, RCA Records, due to \"creative differences\" and the label allegedly pushing him to record an album composed of cover songs from the 1980s. The day after his announcement, Lambert was contacted by Warner Bros. Records. A deal with the label was confirmed by \"Billboard\" in January 2015, along with news that his upcoming album would be executive produced by Max Martin and Shellback and was scheduled for release in the summer of 2015. Songwriting for the album began in early 2014, with recording taking place between 2014 and 2015 in the producers' native Sweden. Lambert first revealed the album title on social media on January 29, 2015, also his birthday. In March 2015, he unveiled additional details regarding the musical direction of the album in an interview with \"Hunger TV\" magazine. Describing the style of the album as less \"campy\" and theatrical than his previous material, Lambert also identified the album's genre as \"definitely pop but not bubblegum.\" Lambert revealed the single cover art for \"Ghost Town\" on April 16, 2015. Jason Lipshutz, a writer from \"Billboard\", noted that \"Ghost Town\" starts with \"a Wild West whistle, which laces together guitar balladry and EDM drops\".", "My Town (Hollywood Undead song) \"My Town\" is a song by American rap rock band Hollywood Undead, the fifth single from their second full-length album, \"American Tragedy\", and the fourth track on that album. It is the band's ninth overall single in their discography. A remix was featured on the band's \"American Tragedy Redux\" remix album. The band had been recording for a second album since early 2010, with the first singles Hear Me Now, Comin' In Hot and Been to Hell along with the accidentally leaked Coming Back Down being released prior to the album's release date, with being released shortly after. The first surfacing of the track was on March 27, 2011, when the band played it live at Extreme Thing 2011 and put into the band's live playlist from thereafter. The track was included as the fourth track on the American Tragedy album. The track was announced as the fifth single in early 2011, with shooting for the music video being shot in July 2011. For the first time, the band asked fans to send in videos of themselves singing to \"My Town\", playing guitar, bass, rhythm, or drums for the track, or performing in any way in their town or at landmarks to be included in the official music video. The band also released a brief teaser video explaining the details. Submissions closed on July 22. The track was featured on several promotional trailers for the Capcom game Street Fighter X Tekken, and may be featured on the game's soundtrack. A remix of the song by Andrew W.K. was included on the 2011 remix album \"American Tragedy Redux\". A music video for My Town was announced on July 8, 2011 on Hollywood Undead's official website and also said that fans would be in the video if they recorded themselves in front of a famous landmark or in any other way they choose.", "Pinewood Smile Pinewood Smile is the fifth studio album released by British hard rock band The Darkness. Produced by Adrian Bushby, the album was released on 6 October 2017 and is the first album by the band to be released by Cooking Vinyl. It is also their full first album to feature Rufus Tiger Taylor on drums, after Emily Dolan Davies left the band in 2015. Details of the album were first revealed in March 2017 on the band's Facebook page, and was estimated for released in late 2017. The album's title and more details were later revealed on 21 July 2017, with the album's title being revealed as \"Pinewood Smile\" and being given a release date of 6 October through Cooking Vinyl. The album was recorded entirely in Worcestershire in Vada Recording Studios and was produced by award-winning producer and engineer Adrian Bushby, who has worked with other rock bands such as Muse, Foo Fighters and Smashing Pumpkins. That same day, the first single from the album, \"All the Pretty Girls\", was released. Three other singles from the album\u2014\"Solid Gold\" and \"Southern Trains\" were also pre-released from the album on 18 August and 25 September respectively with \"Happiness\" following the album's release on 24 November. A live version of \"Buccaneers of Hispaniola\" was a pre-release single in April 2018 for the album Live at Hammersmith \"Pinewood Smile\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 71 based on 7 reviews. \"Solid Gold\" peaked at number 5 on the Kerrang! Rock Chart in September 2017, while \"Southern Trains\" reached number 14 on the same chart in October of that year."], "answer": {"text": "Their first single, \"Liquid Dreams\", was the first single to reach number 1 on the Billboard singles sales chart without making the Airplay chart.", "answer_start": 315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album O-Town by O-Town released?", "answer": {"text": "July 21, 2001", "answer_start": 917, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_1_q#2", "question": "What other songs were on the album?", "rewrite": "What other songs were on the album O-Town by O-Town other than \"Liquid Dreams\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Liquid Dreams Liquid Dreams may refer to:", "Spontaneous Combustion (album) Spontaneous Combustion is an album by progressive metal group Liquid Trio Experiment, and is the result of the studio improvisations of Liquid Tension Experiment which occurred while John Petrucci was with his wife while she was giving birth. The trio of Mike Portnoy, Tony Levin and Jordan Rudess continued to write music during this period. It was released on October 23, 2007. A few songs from \"Liquid Tension Experiment 2\" were spawned from these jam sessions including \"914\", \"Chewbacca\", and \"Liquid Dreams\". The song \"Chris & Kevin's Bogus Journey\" is not a reference to Portnoy and Petrucci's former Dream Theater bandmates Chris Collins and Kevin Moore, but rather to the track on Liquid Tension Experiment's first album entitled \"Chris & Kevin's Excellent Adventure\", which is itself a reference to the band's photographer's habit of calling Mike Portnoy and Tony Levin \"Chris and Kevin\", even after being corrected several times. It is also a reference to the 1991 film \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", the sequel to \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\". The song \"Jazz Odyssey\" is a reference to the movie \"This Is Spinal Tap\", in which Spinal Tap experiments with an improvisational song of the same name. While the jams were improvised in 1998, it took until 2007 to release them, as the master tapes of the jams were somehow misplaced before they were delivered to Magna Carta. The recordings on the album (and \"the only remaining records of these sessions in existence\") were taken from Portnoy's 2-track stereo DAT. Small clips from each song on the album can be found on Magna Carta's official LTE site here", "Liquid Dreams (film) Liquid Dreams is a 1991 American erotic thriller starring Candice Daly. \" Liquid Dreams\" had some cult film buzz, mainly due to the movie's slight comparisons to the 1983 film \"Videodrome\". The film was screened at the International Critics' Week of the 1991 Cannes Film Festival. Set in the near future, Eve Black (Daly) auditions successfully in a futuristic strip club where a movie called \"Neurovid, Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz\" is being filmed. Eve has a device put in her ears that turn white to star in a hot movie for her director Ceceil and becomes the latest star of \"Neurovid\" and is tested before being filmed. From here, she starts to solve the murder of her sister Tina.", "Liquid Dreams (song) \"Liquid Dreams\" is a song recorded by American boy band O-Town. It was released in December 2000 as the lead single from their debut album \"O-Town\". The song reached number-one in Canada, number 10 in the United States, and number 3 in the United Kingdom. The song is all about wet dreams filled with sexual innuendos and pop culture references. O-Town was assembled for the first season of the ABC reality television series \"Making the Band\". Originally Ikaika Kahoano was one of the five members selected but he and his family decided he should go to med school instead causing him to back out, making way for Dan Miller who was selected by the four remaining members. The ratings of \"Making the Band\" were strong enough to warrant a second (and eventually third) season. These subsequent seasons depicted their development as a pop group, following their tours and performances. Such events included the development of their second album, \"O2\", their transition to a new record label (J Records), and an ongoing effort to establish themselves. The third season of \"Making the Band\" was broadcast on MTV, instead of the original network, ABC. After season one, Clive Davis of J Records signed O-Town to his new label as he believed in the marketability of the group, and scheduled O-Town to be the label's debut act. The song references a dozen famous female actresses and musicians including Destiny's Child, Madonna, Janet Jackson, Cindy Crawford, Tyra Banks, Angelina Jolie, Salma Hayek, and Halle Berry. The name Jennifer is mentioned but no last name is given leading to speculation it may be either Jennifer Lopez, Jennifer Aniston or Jennifer Love Hewitt.", "After season one, Clive Davis of J Records signed O-Town to his new label. Davis believed in the marketability of the group, and scheduled O-Town to be the label's debut act. Their first release, the self-titled O-Town, boosted by the publicity of the weekly television series, sold more than three million copies. Their first single, \"Liquid Dreams\", was the first single to reach number 1 on the Billboard singles sales chart without making the Airplay chart. The single managed to peak at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. However, their novelty as television personalities soon wore off, and O-Town would enjoy only temporary success. Jacob Underwood even commented, on a Making the Band recap of seasons one and two, that after \"Liquid Dreams\", they alone had to prove themselves to the public that they weren't a \"flash-in-the-pan\" success. In the late spring of 2001, O-Town released \"All or Nothing\" (July 21, 2001), and the song became their biggest hit of their career as a group. \"All or Nothing\" reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the song was nominated for numerous awards, including \"Song of the Year\" during the 2001 Radio Music Awards. The success of \"All or Nothing\" granted them the ability to air another season of Making the Band. Near the end of the third season, O-town fans and television viewers watched as they tried to take their careers to the next level by writing their own music, earn the respect of their industry peers, and market themselves beyond being labeled as a \"boy band\". They never found the market acceptance they sought. In 2001, the group was the opening act for Britney Spears' Dream Within a Dream Tour in the US."], "answer": {"text": "All or Nothing", "answer_start": 900}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was the album O-Town by O-Town released?", "answer": {"text": "July 21, 2001", "answer_start": 917, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other details are there about the album?", "answer": {"text": "Their first single, \"Liquid Dreams\", was the first single to reach number 1 on the Billboard singles sales chart without making the Airplay chart.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_1_q#3", "question": "What were other records did the songs or album set?", "rewrite": "What were other records did the songs on O-Town by O-Town set other than being the first single to reach number 1 on Billboard singles chart without making the Airplay chart?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Hot 100 Airplay number-one singles of the 1990s The Radio Songs chart ranks the most frequently broadcast songs on US radio stations, published by \"Billboard\" magazine. Prior to December 1990, radio stations were simply asked what songs were on their playlists and what songs have recently been added. Nielsen BDS was introduced in \"Billboard\" in January 1990 and first used on the \"Billboard\" Country music chart. It was adopted for the Hot 100 Airplay on the issue dated December 8, 1990, and on the Hot 100 with the issued dated November 30, 1991. BDS measures actual airplay by monitoring radios stations continuously with computers that \"listen for the unique 'audio fingerprint' of each song and register a detection every time a song is played. \" One of the first noticeable effects of the change in methodology was that there tended to be less turnover of the top songs. Before the switch, only one song had spent at least ten weeks at number one on the Hot 100 Airplay chart; from the period of December 1990 until the end of the decade, 16 songs had a minimum ten-week run at the top of the chart. While the BDS technology may have had some impact as to why this was happening, the cause has also been attributed to the trends of the radio industry at the time with stations playing the same songs over longer periods of time. In the mid-1990s, a new trend began to emerge: singles without being released commercially in an attempt to boost album sales. While not a new concept, it started becoming commonplace. With the June 17, 1995, issue, \"I'll Be There for You\", became the first single to top the Hot 100 Airplay chart without appearing on the Hot 100.", "After season one, Clive Davis of J Records signed O-Town to his new label. Davis believed in the marketability of the group, and scheduled O-Town to be the label's debut act. Their first release, the self-titled O-Town, boosted by the publicity of the weekly television series, sold more than three million copies. Their first single, \"Liquid Dreams\", was the first single to reach number 1 on the Billboard singles sales chart without making the Airplay chart. The single managed to peak at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. However, their novelty as television personalities soon wore off, and O-Town would enjoy only temporary success. Jacob Underwood even commented, on a Making the Band recap of seasons one and two, that after \"Liquid Dreams\", they alone had to prove themselves to the public that they weren't a \"flash-in-the-pan\" success. In the late spring of 2001, O-Town released \"All or Nothing\" (July 21, 2001), and the song became their biggest hit of their career as a group. \"All or Nothing\" reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the song was nominated for numerous awards, including \"Song of the Year\" during the 2001 Radio Music Awards. The success of \"All or Nothing\" granted them the ability to air another season of Making the Band. Near the end of the third season, O-town fans and television viewers watched as they tried to take their careers to the next level by writing their own music, earn the respect of their industry peers, and market themselves beyond being labeled as a \"boy band\". They never found the market acceptance they sought. In 2001, the group was the opening act for Britney Spears' Dream Within a Dream Tour in the US.", "\"Liquid Dreams\", was the first single to reach number 1 on the Billboard singles sales chart without making the Airplay chart. It managed to peak at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The song also reached number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. UK CD1 UK CD2 Europe America", "His fourth single released from \"Love Mysterious\", \"Sorry\", was his third consecutive top ten hit on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay Chart, at No. 9. Dirty South provided a remix for \"Sorry\". The remix was nominated for a 2008 Grammy for Best Remixed Recording. In late 2006, Kaskade left OM Records and signed with Ultra Records. Kaskade worked with Canadian house/electronic DJ/artist deadmau5 to produce tracks on Strobelite Seduction, including the first single (released as an EP) Move for Me. The single became his fifth top ten hit on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay Chart, reaching the number one position in its September 6, 2008 issue. It also gave Kaskade his first number one single on this chart. The dance single has become a crossover hit, managing to reach number 71 on the Canadian Hot 100 as of February 14, 2009. \"I Remember\", another collaboration with deadmau5, became his first UK hit, peaking inside the top 15 on the UK Singles Chart. The video-clip which accompanied \"I Remember\" was filmed in Manchester, England. The single became his second chart topper on the Billboard dance chart. The follow-up single, \"Angel on My Shoulder\" with Tamra Keenan, also found success on the dance chart, placing at number 5 on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay Chart. His song \"Step One Two\" was the last single from the album, being released late in 2008. In 2010, he added another number one Billboard Hot Dance Airplay track to his credit with \"Dynasty\", featuring Haley Gibby on vocals. In March 2012, Kaskade headlined at Ultra Music Festival in Miami, Florida, coming on before Armin van Buuren Sunday night.", "and there's only so many times you can listen to the one song.\" In the week commencing 18 July 2011, \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" debuted at number 27 on the ARIA Singles Chart. It was released on 5 July 2011 in Australia and New Zealand by as the second single from his third studio album, \"Making Mirrors\" (2011). Despite an initial lack of airplay on major radio stations, the song reached number 1 in the week ending 15 August, becoming the first single by either artist to do so and their most successful single. Until 2014, the song was one of the two-second-longest-running Australian number-one songs, with eight weeks at the top, tied with Savage Garden's 1997 song \"Truly Madly Deeply\", and behind Daddy Cool's 1971 hit \"Eagle Rock\", which stayed there for ten weeks. On August 2011 the song was released in Belgium and the Netherlands. After a few weeks in the charts, it reached number 1 in both countries, topping the Belgian Singles Chart for 12 weeks. Also in August, \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" debuted at number 4 in New Zealand on the RIANZ Singles Chart, reaching number 1 three weeks later, thus making Gotye the first Australian artist to reach number 1 since Guy Sebastian did so in February 2011 with \"Who's That Girl\". The song debuted on the Irish Singles Chart on 13 January 2012 at number 47, later reaching number 1 position. In the United Kingdom, \"Somebody That I Used to Know\" spent five non-consecutive weeks at number 1. In the United States, it debuted at number 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on 14 January 2012."], "answer": {"text": "All or Nothing\" reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the song was nominated for numerous awards,", "answer_start": 1000}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album O-Town by O-Town released?", "answer": {"text": "July 21, 2001", "answer_start": 917, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other details are there about the album?", "answer": {"text": "Their first single, \"Liquid Dreams\", was the first single to reach number 1 on the Billboard singles sales chart without making the Airplay chart.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other songs were on the album?", "answer": {"text": "All or Nothing", "answer_start": 900, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27411c25f5944181b6c494b0c96ec781_1_q#4", "question": "What awards and nominations did it receive?", "rewrite": "What awards and nominations did O-Town by O-Town receive?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["66.2% of residents were over 25 years in 2006, compared to the Australian average of 66.5%; and 33.8% were younger than 25 years, compared to the Australian average of 33.5%. Prince Alfred College, an independent school for boys is located on Dequetteville Terrace, the western boundary of the suburb. During the Adelaide Fringe festival, the world's second-largest annual arts festival, the bars and restaurants of Kent Town receive thousands of customers. The local Kent Town Hotel boasts craft beer in a stylish pub with a jungle-themed BBQ restaurant and a rooftop bar with a dunk tank. One attraction in Kent Town is the Wesley Uniting Church. Originally founded by the Methodist church, Wesley Uniting Church has had a significant place in the life of South Australians for over 150 years. The suburb is serviced by the following main roads: Kent Town is serviced by buses run by the Adelaide Metro. Earlier a tram serviced Kent Town and other eastern suburbs.", "List of Pixar awards and nominations (short films) Pixar Animation Studios has released many short films and received awards for many of them. \"The Adventures of Andr\u00e9 and Wally B.\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"Red's Dream\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"Mater and the Ghostlight\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"BURN-E\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \" Partly Cloudy\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"Dug's Special Mission\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"The Blue Umbrella\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"Party Central\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"Lava\" did not receive any awards or nominations. \"Riley's First Date? \" did not receive any awards or nominations.", "Itay Lukach Itay Lukach (, born March 2, 1985), known professionally by his last name, Lukach, is an Israeli actor, rapper, comedian and journalist. Lukach began his career as an independent rapper, and in 2004 he joined to the hip hop collective \"PR. Troopers\" besides Noa Faran, Peled, Ortega and Anton Ostrovski. In 2006 he appeared on Hadag Nahash album, \"Be'ezrat Ha'Jam\" in the song \" Lehavi Et Ha'Maka\". In 2008, after the dismantling of the PR. Trooperz, Lukach released his debut album, \"Lo Dubim Ve'Lo Ya'ar\" (), the album's artwork was illustrated by the comics artist Gavriel Ben Moshe. The album was released by the Israeli record label \"Hi Fiber Productions\" in Israel, and by The Orchard around the world. In 2008 Lukach got an Internet series in MTV Israel named \"Lukach Holech Le'echol\" ().In 2010 Lukach sang and composed the theme song of \"Hasamba 3G\". In 2018 Lukach apeared in the Israeli reality show \"Game of Chefs\", after that he released a song named \"Asaf Granit\", a song about Asaf Granit, one of the judges of Game of Chefs. In May 2018 Lukach married with the singer Hila Halwani.", "Lowell, Oregon Lowell is a city in Lane County, in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,045. The city is on the north shore of Dexter Reservoir on the Middle Fork Willamette River. The most used route to Lowell is along Lowell Bridge, a covered bridge that crosses the reservoir from Oregon Route 58. A post office called Lowell has been in operation since 1883. The city was named after Lowell, Maine. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. The town of Lowell is surrounded by three reservoirs, respectively Dexter, Lookout Point, and Fall Creek. This makes the town a popular recreation area for people from Eugene and Springfield. The climate of Lowell differs slightly from that of Eugene, which is at lower elevation. Lowell receives more of rain and more of snow per year than Eugene. In central Lane County, that two inches is significant considering the lack of snow. The higher areas of the town receive more snow and rain as well. Wedged among three reservoirs, it experiences thick winter fog. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,045 people, 397 households, and 298 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 436 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 90.9% White, 1.7% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 6.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population.", "1895\u201396 Welsh Cup The 1895\u201396 Welsh Cup was a knock-out football competition contested by teams from Wales. Bangor City F.C. defeated Wrexham F.C. in the final by a score of 3-1. Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive Aberystwyth Town receive a bye to the next round Whitchurch receive a bye to the next round Porthmadoc receive a bye to the next round  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive Cardiff City scratch to Aberdare Source: Welsh Football Data Archive Porthmadoc scratch to Oswestry United Rhayader scratch to Hereford Bangor receive a bye to the next round Aberdare receive a bye to the next round  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive  Source: Welsh Football Data Archive"], "answer": {"text": "Song of the Year\" during the 2001 Radio Music Awards.", "answer_start": 1111}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album O-Town by O-Town released?", "answer": {"text": "July 21, 2001", "answer_start": 917, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other details are there about the album?", "answer": {"text": "Their first single, \"Liquid Dreams\", was the first single to reach number 1 on the Billboard singles sales chart without making the Airplay chart.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other songs were on the album?", "answer": {"text": "All or Nothing", "answer_start": 900, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were other records did the songs or album set?", "answer": {"text": "All or Nothing\" reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the song was nominated for numerous awards,", "answer_start": 1000, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_310e604c242e42cebfcdb99aab2aa464_1_q#0", "question": "What were the Oak Ridge Boys doing in 1962?", "rewrite": "What were the Oak Ridge Boys doing in 1962?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Skylite  Skylite is a Memphis based gospel music label started by The Statesmen Quartet and The Blackwood Brothers in 1959. Along with The Blackwood Brothers and The Statesmen Quartet, Skylite signed, among others, The Speer Family, and the Oak Ridge Quartet (later renamed The Oak Ridge Boys). In 1966, the Statesmen-Blackwood team sold the record company to a group of investors led by Joel Gentry, with main offices on Music Row in Nashville, Tenn. Amidst the popularity of The Oak Ridge Boys (specifically when they switched to country music and the hit Elvira), many compilations were made with some of the material from their Skylite recordings. Even though Oak's baritone, William Lee Golden only appeared on two Skylite recordings, and Oak's lead, Duane Allen only appeared on part of one, and Oak's bass, Richard Sterban and Oaks tenor, Joe Bonsall appeared on none of these, these covers often showed the current group. Nonetheless, often the same songs are rehashed over several recordings while many others from this era are ignored. The Ken Gaub family recorded with Skylite in the early 1970s, and as Christian Rock began Eternity Express (one of the early groups) also made several records with this label. During the 1960s through the 1990s, Skylite was one of the pre-eminent southern gospel recording companies in the nation, having released projects by virtually every prominent group of that genre over four decades, including (in addition to those already named above) J.D. Sumner and The Stamps Quartet, Jake Hess, The Imperials, The Masters V, Florida Boys, Harmoneers, Kingsmen, Prophets, Rebels, The Weatherfords, The Martins, Blue Ridge Quartet, Gospel Harmony Boys, Swanee River Boys, The Smitty Gatlin Trio, and many, many other major groups and soloists.", "The Boys Are Back (The Oak Ridge Boys album) The Boys Are Back is the thirtieth studio album of country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It was released in 2009 under the Spring Hill Music Group label. The album marked the group's return to secular country music after releasing gospel albums since 1992. The track \"Seven Nation Army,\" a cover of The White Stripes's 2003 song from their album \"Elephant\", was released as the album's first single. The track \"Beautiful Bluebird\" was written and previously recorded by country rock musical artist Neil Young for his 1985 album \"Old Ways\", but was not included and instead featured on his 2007 album \"Chrome Dreams II\". The track \"Boom Boom\" was written and recorded by John Lee Hooker on his 1962 album \"Burnin' \". The song is listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. After signing with Spring Hill Music Group in 2001, the group returned to its roots from the 1940s, releasing gospel material. But just as the group focused on country-pop in the late 1970s, the Oak Ridge Boys \"recreated\" themselves before the album's release, according to band member and producer Duane Allen. Shooter Jennings, the son of the late country music legend Waylon Jennings, asked the Oak Ridge Boys to collaborate with him on his 2007 album \"The Wolf\". Jennings introduced the group to record producer Dave Cobb, and invited them to a performance. After being surprised by the reaction of the youth-dominated crowd to the tune of \"Elvira\", Cobb took the band to a studio where they experimented with different sounds. The group recorded the album in a studio in Nashville formerly used by Waylon Jennings, next door to the Oak Ridge Boys' former office.", "The Oak Ridge Boys discography The Oak Ridge Boys is an American musical group. Originally a gospel group, The Oak Ridge Boys switched its focus to country music in the mid-1970s, releasing a string of hit albums and singles that lasted into the early 1990s. Their discography comprises thirty-one studio albums and fifty-six singles. Their highest-selling album is 1981's \"Fancy Free\", which is certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Of The Oak Ridge Boys' singles, seventeen reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. Two of these songs, \"Elvira\" and \"Bobbie Sue\", were also Top 40 pop and Adult Contemporary hits, and the former is certified platinum as a single. Four additional singles (\"Sail Away\", \"Dream On\", \"Heart of Mine\", and \"Fancy Free\") also entered the AC charts, while \"So Fine\" and \"American Made\" both made the 70s on the pop charts.", "Dream On (The Righteous Brothers song) \"Dream On\" is a song written by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter, and recorded by the American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It was released in August 1979 as the third single from their album \" The Oak Ridge Boys Have Arrived\". This is the Oak Ridge Boys' only single to prominently feature bass singer Richard Sterban on lead vocals. The song spent thirteen weeks within the top 40 of the Hot Country Songs charts and peaked at number seven. In Canada, the song spent three weeks at the number one position on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart, reaching that position on the November 3, 1979 chart and staying there for one week. Prior to the success of the Oak Ridge Boys' version, The Righteous Brothers had a hit version, reaching No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1974 No. 6 on the U.S. and Canadian Adult Contemporary charts. Bill Medley and Bobby Hatfield alternate lead vocals.", "In January 2011, Mary Sarah was invited to meet The Oak Ridge Boys after Joe Bonsall saw a video of her performance of \"Don't Stop Believing\" at the Sugar Land (Texas) Idol competition. After visiting with them backstage before the show at the Galveston Grand Opera House, Joe and Duane Allen invited her onstage to sing \"Where the Boys Are\". She credits the support and love of The Oak Ridge Boys for helping her career move forward. In 2011, she hosted a four-part series for the 2011 season of \"OPRY on the Square \u2013 Country Now and Then\" at the Sugar Land, TX, town square. In December 2011, the Houston Texans held a vote-in contest to see who would sing the National Anthem for their annual Home for the Holidays game. Mary Sarah was the winner over 7 other finalists. In April 2014, Mary Sarah appeared on the \"Opry Country Classics\" with Lynn Anderson and The Oakridge Boys, honoring the late Ray Price On July 8, 2014, Mary Sarah released her second album, \"Bridges\". Included on the album is a rendition of \"Where the Boys Are\" with Neil Sedaka. The Oak Ridge Boys also appear on the album singing \"Dream On\" with her. Several major country stars also join Mary in duet. On July 29, 2014, Mary Sarah appeared on Mike Huckabee's show on Fox News to promote her new album. The Governor played bass in accompaniment as they performed \"The Fightin' Side of Me\". On May 31, 2016, Mary Sarah made her Grand Ole Opry debut. Mary Sarah has appeared a total of 5 times since that date. On October 31, 2017, \"Deadline Hollywood\" announced that Mary Sarah was selected to be a lead performer in \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 1962, Ron Page left, and the group hired Gary McSpadden (", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_310e604c242e42cebfcdb99aab2aa464_1_q#1", "question": "Were there other personnel changes?", "rewrite": "Were there other personnel changes other than Ron Page?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Synthetic Plastics Company  Synthetics Plastics Company or SPC of Newark, New Jersey was a plastics manufacturing company that made various items made of plastic including children's records and budget music albums. SPC was formed by Daniel Kasen in the late 1920s as a plastic manufacturer of buttons for the garments industry and game parts for the toy industry. After World War II, Daniel and his brother Louis Kasen founded Peter Pan Records, in 1949, operating the label under SPC from then until 1970. Daniel and Louis Kasen owned several subsidiaries music labels including Ambassador Records, Parade, Prom, Promenade, Pirouette, Guest Star, Power Records and Diplomat Records, whose motto was \"Fine records need not be expensive\". In 1950, the American Music Performance Trust Fund challenged Synthetic for not paying royalties. A spokesman said that Peter Pan records were designed purely for home use and therefore there was no reason to pay contributions to the fund. Diplomat Records had its own children's label, Rocking Horse. In the 1960s SPC ventured into the Southern Gospel music arena when it hired former Oak Ridge Quartet member Ron Page to solicit groups to record for its Scripture label. Most of the Scripture sessions were done in Nashville, Tennessee, with the musicians under the direction of pianist/composer David Reece. Groups recording for Scripture included The Sego Brothers & Naomi, The Rangers Trio (featuring Reece and Page), Wendy Bagwell and the Sunliters, and The Goss Brothers. One of the most successful records released under the SPC banner was \"My Son, The President\"\u2014a comedy spotlighting then-president John F. Kennedy, his wife, Jacqueline Kennedy and their daughter, Caroline\u2014that followed in the footsteps of Vaughn Meader's \"The First Family\" series of comedy records.", "In 1962, Ron Page left, and the group hired Gary McSpadden (who had filled in for Jake Hess in the Statesmen Quartet) as baritone with the understanding from Jake Hess that when he was ready to start a group, he would recruit McSpadden. They recorded another album on Skylite, and then two groundbreaking albums on Warner Brothers. When Hess followed through on that promise, McSpadden quit to join a new group Hess was forming, the Imperials. Jim Hammill (who later became a mainstay in the Kingsmen Quartet) was chosen to be his replacement. They made one album for Festival Records, one for Stateswood (Skylite's budget label), and two more for Skylite. Hammill did not get along with the rest of the group, and William Lee Golden, a newcomer to the music industry, felt that Hamill was hurting the group and asked the group if he could be Hammil's replacement. After Hamill's retirement from the group in 1964, Golden joined as baritone. The group recorded another album for Starday and another on Skylite in 1965. In 1966, Gatlin left the group to become a minister of music and, on Golden's recommendation, Duane Allen, formerly of the Southernairs Quartet (and more recently baritone of the Prophets Quartet), was hired to replace him. With Willie Wynn still singing tenor and Herman Harper as bass, the group made another album for Skylite, one for United Artists, and then began recording on the Heart Warming label. Between 1966 and 1973 they made 12 albums with Heart Warming, and the company also released several compilation albums on which they were included during those years. The group also had an album on Vista (Heart Warming's budget label) that included unreleased songs from previous sessions.", "Although she had beaten breast cancer in the 1980s, her later years were marred by deafness and social isolation, and she retired in 1993. Her home town, Broken Hill, honoured her by declaring a minute's silence during the 2005 Australia Day celebrations two days after her death. Mayor Ron Page noted, \"She is very special to us; if you ask every householder in Broken Hill, they'll be able to say, yes, they are proud of June Bronhill.\" Then acting prime Minister, John Anderson noted, \"The world is mourning the loss of someone who entertained millions, but it's good to see the local community here recognise one of their own in ... a very proud community celebrating the life of one of their daughters.\" Bronhill's \"frank and funny\" autobiography, \"The Merry Bronhill\", was published in 1987. EMI Australia produced a compilation album with the same title to publicise the book. Bronhill was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the New Year's Honours of 1976, and was later given a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Australian Variety Club.", "His government carried out personnel changes at the ministries, Czech Railways and the Railway Infrastructure Administration. On 16 January 2018, Babi\u0161's cabinet lost a vote of no confidence by 117 votes to 78. In February 2018, his cabinet approved the European Fiscal Compact and sent it to the Chamber of Deputies for further approval. They also proposed changes to the Civil Service Act, which has been the subject of controversy since it was passed in 2015 by Bohuslav Sobotka's government, in which Babi\u0161 served as Minister of Finance. After losing the confidence vote, Babi\u0161's administration continued to carry out personnel changes, meeting with criticism from the opposition. Minister of Health Adam Vojt\u011bch fired Svatopluk N\u011bme\u010dek, a former Minister and head of the University Hospital in Ostrava, as well as the director of the Bulovka Hospital. Minister of Industry and Trade Tom\u00e1\u0161 H\u00fcner and Minister of Interior Lubom\u00edr Metnar fired the heads of CzechInvest and Czech Post, respectively. In March 2018, Babi\u0161 ordered three Russian diplomats to leave the country in a show of solidarity with the United Kingdom after a former Russian double agent Sergei Skripal was poisoned in Salisbury. In June 2018, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that there had been \"no moral or political justification\" for the post-war expulsion of ethnic Germans from Czechoslovakia. Babi\u0161 responded: \"I reject this characterisation \u2013 especially when we recall the horrors of Heydrich, Lidice, Le\u017e\u00e1ky and the killing of our paratroopers. I have the feeling that there is some internal political struggle in Germany now, and it is very unfortunate that old wounds are opening because of it.\" On 6 June 2018, President Zeman appointed Andrej Babi\u0161 as Prime Minister for the second time, calling on him to present him with a proposed list of members of the government.", "Ron Page Ron Page (born 31 March 1951) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL)."], "answer": {"text": "McSpadden quit to join a new group", "answer_start": 376}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Oak Ridge Boys doing in 1962?", "answer": {"text": "In 1962, Ron Page left, and the group hired Gary McSpadden (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_310e604c242e42cebfcdb99aab2aa464_1_q#2", "question": "What was his group called?", "rewrite": "What was McSpadden new group called?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was during his time with them that The Imperials first started singing backup to Elvis Presley. In 1977, Mcspadden joined Bill And Gloria Gaither in The Bill Gaither Trio, replacing Danny Gaither. During this time, he was a co-pastor for three years, but stepped down by 1980 to focus whole-heartedly on music. By 1981, the trio grew, adding a second group called The Gaither Vocal Band. McSpadden, Bill Gaither, Steve Green and Lee Young were the first members in the group. McSpadden began his solo career in 1979 with his album \"Higher Purpose\". He sang with the Gaither Vocal Band until 1988 when he left to devote more time towards his solo career. McSpadden has recorded more than 30 albums, 16 of them solo. In 1967, McSpadden left the music ministry to pastor a large non-denominational church with his father in Fort Worth, Texas. The father/son team worked together for 13 years. Today, he pastors Faith and Wisdom Church in Branson, Missouri, teaching faith, wisdom and obedience to the Bible. Gary McSpadden has been broadcasting on television for years. In 1976, he and his father Boyd McSpadden aired a series of programs in Fort Worth, Texas from the church they pastored. Years later, Gary was an occasional guest on \"The PTL Club\" with Jim Bakker. After Bakker resigned the show, McSpadden accepted an invitation to host the program and stayed on for six months. In January 1999, McSpadden began to host a new live music show at Silver Dollar City called \"Gospel Jubilee\". The show was recorded and broadcast on television every Sunday from January 2000 through January 2003.", "Child Helpline International Child Helpline International is a global network of 178 child helplines in 146 countries (as of November 2018). A child helpline is a telecommunication and outreach service on behalf of children and young people. As of 2017, Child Helpline International is ranked in the top 100 NGOs worldwide by NGO Advisor on measurements including transparency, sustainability and impact. In 1989, Child Helpline International founder Jeroo Billimoria worked closely with street children in India as a social worker. She gave the children her telephone number and told them to call if they needed any help, after which she received a large volume of contacts. Billimoria realised that these children needed someone to speak to and assist them. The idea of a toll-free number emerged and she set up Childline India - India's first and only child helpline. Childline India's approach was to have volunteers who answered the phone and who would go directly to the child in need. All phones available for public use could dial Childline India, toll-free, in order to help children find aid in places where an emergency shelter may not be located. The volunteers kept a log of the calls, which became an important source of data for the creation of child protection policies, thus placing these helplines at the centre of child protection policy. After its success in India, Billimoria explored the idea of creating a global network of child helplines, which could provide technical assistance to each other, and in countries who wanted to start or expand their own helplines. This led to a meeting, held in Amsterdam in 2003, and attended by representatives from 49 child helplines from around the globe. At this meeting, Child Helpline International was launched.", "Gary McSpadden Gary McSpadden (born January 26, 1943) is an American pastor, singer, songwriter, producer, television host and motivational speaker. He has musical roots in quartet music and Southern gospel with The Statesmen, The Oak Ridge Boys, The Imperials, The Bill Gaither Trio, and The Gaither Vocal Band. McSpadden's songs include \"Jesus Lord To Me\u201d, \u201cHallelujah Praise The Lamb\u201d, and \u201cNo Other Name But Jesus\u201d. He has produced albums for numerous groups. In 1987, he co-hosted \"PTL Today\" after Jim Bakker resigned. McSpadden went on to produce television programs, including the \"Jubilee\" concert series filmed at Silver Dollar City in Branson, Missouri. He also produced and starred in several live music shows in the Branson area during the 1990s and 2000s. Gary McSpadden was born to Boyd and Helen McSpadden. The family later moved to Lubbock, Texas where Gary's father was pastor of Faith Temple. Gary grew up in a musical family. His mother and father were songwriters, and at least one of their songs, \"Heaven\", became popular after it was recorded by George Beverly Shea and others. As a young boy, McSpadden sang in the church and was singing solos by the age of ten. In 1962, at the age of 18, McSpadden caught the attention of Hovie Lister, manager of The Statesmen, and sang with the group while lead singer Jake Hess was on medical leave. After five months, he was hired on with The Oak Ridge Quartet. During his time there, the group changed their name to The Oak Ridge Boys, and recorded three albums together. From 1964 to 1967, McSpadden sang with Jake Hess and the Imperials.", "The work of Child Helpline International is firmly grounded in the principle of United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which highlights the children's rights to privacy and protection from harm. The stated mission of the Child Helpline International network is to provide a forum for information sharing and mutual support, assistance with advocacy and lobbying, promoting the rights of children and child helplines as a medium of assistance to children, and to support the initiation and development of child helplines in countries which do not have such services. Child Helpline International is based in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Executive Director of Child Helpline International is Patrick Krens. Child Helpline International is a membership-based organization with 178 members in 146 countries and territories around the world (as at November 2018). In 2015, the child helplines who are members of Child Helpline International had received over 20 million contacts from children and young people in need for care and protection. A key role of the network is to provide platform for knowledge transfers between the members. Types of knowledge exchange activities are:", "Lealand McSpadden Lealand McSpadden (born July 16, 1946) is a former dirt track racing driver who competed mostly in sprint and midget cars. He was nicknamed \"The Tempe Tornado\". Born in Gallup, New Mexico, McSpadden's family moved to Tempe, a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona, in 1954. He began racing in 1968 with a supermodified bought from local racer Billy Shuman. He recorded his first sprint car feature race win at Manzanita Speedway in 1972. McSpadden's 26-year career included nearly 200 feature wins, including 25 in five different divisions at Manzanita during the 1977 season. His awards are numerous; he is a three-time winner of the Western World Championship for sprint cars (1978, 1993, 1995) and he won the 1991 Chili Bowl midget car event. He also entered and won the Belleville Midget National Championships on the high banks in 1992. As well as racing in the United States, McSpadden was a frequent visitor to Australia, where he made guest appearances at \"Australia vs the USA\" nights at Parramatta City Raceway. He also won the 1995 Australian Speedcar Grand Prix (Midgets are called Speedcars in Australia), joining other American winners of the event including Cal Niday, Bob Tattersall, Jimmy Davies, Dave Strickland, A. J. Foyt, Ron \"Sleepy\" Tripp, Steve Kinser and Johnny Pearson. One particular race at Silver Dollar Speedway in Chico, California, saw McSpadden crash out in his heat. He was badly shaken and his car took severe damage but promoter J.W. Hunt offered to add $1,000 to the winner's purse if McSpadden could come back through the qualifying B-main race and win the main event."], "answer": {"text": "the Imperials.", "answer_start": 429}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Oak Ridge Boys doing in 1962?", "answer": {"text": "In 1962, Ron Page left, and the group hired Gary McSpadden (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other personnel changes?", "answer": {"text": "McSpadden quit to join a new group", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_310e604c242e42cebfcdb99aab2aa464_1_q#3", "question": "Did the Oak Ridge Boys make any records at this time?", "rewrite": "Did the Oak Ridge Boys make any records after Ron Page and McSpadden left?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was during his time with them that The Imperials first started singing backup to Elvis Presley. In 1977, Mcspadden joined Bill And Gloria Gaither in The Bill Gaither Trio, replacing Danny Gaither. During this time, he was a co-pastor for three years, but stepped down by 1980 to focus whole-heartedly on music. By 1981, the trio grew, adding a second group called The Gaither Vocal Band. McSpadden, Bill Gaither, Steve Green and Lee Young were the first members in the group. McSpadden began his solo career in 1979 with his album \"Higher Purpose\". He sang with the Gaither Vocal Band until 1988 when he left to devote more time towards his solo career. McSpadden has recorded more than 30 albums, 16 of them solo. In 1967, McSpadden left the music ministry to pastor a large non-denominational church with his father in Fort Worth, Texas. The father/son team worked together for 13 years. Today, he pastors Faith and Wisdom Church in Branson, Missouri, teaching faith, wisdom and obedience to the Bible. Gary McSpadden has been broadcasting on television for years. In 1976, he and his father Boyd McSpadden aired a series of programs in Fort Worth, Texas from the church they pastored. Years later, Gary was an occasional guest on \"The PTL Club\" with Jim Bakker. After Bakker resigned the show, McSpadden accepted an invitation to host the program and stayed on for six months. In January 1999, McSpadden began to host a new live music show at Silver Dollar City called \"Gospel Jubilee\". The show was recorded and broadcast on television every Sunday from January 2000 through January 2003.", "Gary McSpadden Gary McSpadden (born January 26, 1943) is an American pastor, singer, songwriter, producer, television host and motivational speaker. He has musical roots in quartet music and Southern gospel with The Statesmen, The Oak Ridge Boys, The Imperials, The Bill Gaither Trio, and The Gaither Vocal Band. McSpadden's songs include \"Jesus Lord To Me\u201d, \u201cHallelujah Praise The Lamb\u201d, and \u201cNo Other Name But Jesus\u201d. He has produced albums for numerous groups. In 1987, he co-hosted \"PTL Today\" after Jim Bakker resigned. McSpadden went on to produce television programs, including the \"Jubilee\" concert series filmed at Silver Dollar City in Branson, Missouri. He also produced and starred in several live music shows in the Branson area during the 1990s and 2000s. Gary McSpadden was born to Boyd and Helen McSpadden. The family later moved to Lubbock, Texas where Gary's father was pastor of Faith Temple. Gary grew up in a musical family. His mother and father were songwriters, and at least one of their songs, \"Heaven\", became popular after it was recorded by George Beverly Shea and others. As a young boy, McSpadden sang in the church and was singing solos by the age of ten. In 1962, at the age of 18, McSpadden caught the attention of Hovie Lister, manager of The Statesmen, and sang with the group while lead singer Jake Hess was on medical leave. After five months, he was hired on with The Oak Ridge Quartet. During his time there, the group changed their name to The Oak Ridge Boys, and recorded three albums together. From 1964 to 1967, McSpadden sang with Jake Hess and the Imperials.", "Dream On (The Righteous Brothers song) \"Dream On\" is a song written by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter, and recorded by the American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It was released in August 1979 as the third single from their album \" The Oak Ridge Boys Have Arrived\". This is the Oak Ridge Boys' only single to prominently feature bass singer Richard Sterban on lead vocals. The song spent thirteen weeks within the top 40 of the Hot Country Songs charts and peaked at number seven. In Canada, the song spent three weeks at the number one position on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart, reaching that position on the November 3, 1979 chart and staying there for one week. Prior to the success of the Oak Ridge Boys' version, The Righteous Brothers had a hit version, reaching No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1974 No. 6 on the U.S. and Canadian Adult Contemporary charts. Bill Medley and Bobby Hatfield alternate lead vocals.", "The Oak Ridge Boys discography The Oak Ridge Boys is an American musical group. Originally a gospel group, The Oak Ridge Boys switched its focus to country music in the mid-1970s, releasing a string of hit albums and singles that lasted into the early 1990s. Their discography comprises thirty-one studio albums and fifty-six singles. Their highest-selling album is 1981's \"Fancy Free\", which is certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Of The Oak Ridge Boys' singles, seventeen reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. Two of these songs, \"Elvira\" and \"Bobbie Sue\", were also Top 40 pop and Adult Contemporary hits, and the former is certified platinum as a single. Four additional singles (\"Sail Away\", \"Dream On\", \"Heart of Mine\", and \"Fancy Free\") also entered the AC charts, while \"So Fine\" and \"American Made\" both made the 70s on the pop charts.", "The Boys Are Back (The Oak Ridge Boys album) The Boys Are Back is the thirtieth studio album of country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It was released in 2009 under the Spring Hill Music Group label. The album marked the group's return to secular country music after releasing gospel albums since 1992. The track \"Seven Nation Army,\" a cover of The White Stripes's 2003 song from their album \"Elephant\", was released as the album's first single. The track \"Beautiful Bluebird\" was written and previously recorded by country rock musical artist Neil Young for his 1985 album \"Old Ways\", but was not included and instead featured on his 2007 album \"Chrome Dreams II\". The track \"Boom Boom\" was written and recorded by John Lee Hooker on his 1962 album \"Burnin' \". The song is listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. After signing with Spring Hill Music Group in 2001, the group returned to its roots from the 1940s, releasing gospel material. But just as the group focused on country-pop in the late 1970s, the Oak Ridge Boys \"recreated\" themselves before the album's release, according to band member and producer Duane Allen. Shooter Jennings, the son of the late country music legend Waylon Jennings, asked the Oak Ridge Boys to collaborate with him on his 2007 album \"The Wolf\". Jennings introduced the group to record producer Dave Cobb, and invited them to a performance. After being surprised by the reaction of the youth-dominated crowd to the tune of \"Elvira\", Cobb took the band to a studio where they experimented with different sounds. The group recorded the album in a studio in Nashville formerly used by Waylon Jennings, next door to the Oak Ridge Boys' former office."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Oak Ridge Boys doing in 1962?", "answer": {"text": "In 1962, Ron Page left, and the group hired Gary McSpadden (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other personnel changes?", "answer": {"text": "McSpadden quit to join a new group", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his group called?", "answer": {"text": "the Imperials.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_310e604c242e42cebfcdb99aab2aa464_1_q#4", "question": "What record label were they with in the 1960s?", "rewrite": "What record label were Oak Ridge Boys with in the 1960s?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Harper left the group in 1968 to join the Don Light Talent Agency, before starting his own company, The Harper Agency, which remains one of the most highly-reputable booking agencies in gospel music. Noel Fox, formerly of the Tennesseans and the Harvesters, took over the bass part. In 1970, the Oak Ridge Boys earned their first Grammy award for \"Talk About the Good Times\". In late October 1972, Richard Sterban, the bass with J.D. Sumner and the Stamps Quartet left that group and joined the Oak Ridge Boys. This closely followed what was possibly the Stamps Quartet's most famous moment, backing Elvis Presley in his 10 June 1972 concert at Madison Square Garden. The quartet that appeared on \"Hee Haw\" in 1972 consisted of Willie Wynn, Duane Allen, William Lee Golden, and Richard Sterban. Joe Bonsall, a Philadelphia native who was a member of the Keystone Quartet and recording on Duane Allen's Superior label, joined in October 1973 (coincidentally, both Sterban and Bonsall had been members of the Keystones during the late '60s, recording much of the ORB's material). That same year the Oak Ridge Boys recorded a single with Johnny Cash and the Carter Family, \"Praise the Lord and Pass the Soup\", that put them on the country charts for the first time. The group's lineup would remain consistent for the next 15 years.", "The Boys Are Back (The Oak Ridge Boys album) The Boys Are Back is the thirtieth studio album of country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It was released in 2009 under the Spring Hill Music Group label. The album marked the group's return to secular country music after releasing gospel albums since 1992. The track \"Seven Nation Army,\" a cover of The White Stripes's 2003 song from their album \"Elephant\", was released as the album's first single. The track \"Beautiful Bluebird\" was written and previously recorded by country rock musical artist Neil Young for his 1985 album \"Old Ways\", but was not included and instead featured on his 2007 album \"Chrome Dreams II\". The track \"Boom Boom\" was written and recorded by John Lee Hooker on his 1962 album \"Burnin' \". The song is listed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. After signing with Spring Hill Music Group in 2001, the group returned to its roots from the 1940s, releasing gospel material. But just as the group focused on country-pop in the late 1970s, the Oak Ridge Boys \"recreated\" themselves before the album's release, according to band member and producer Duane Allen. Shooter Jennings, the son of the late country music legend Waylon Jennings, asked the Oak Ridge Boys to collaborate with him on his 2007 album \"The Wolf\". Jennings introduced the group to record producer Dave Cobb, and invited them to a performance. After being surprised by the reaction of the youth-dominated crowd to the tune of \"Elvira\", Cobb took the band to a studio where they experimented with different sounds. The group recorded the album in a studio in Nashville formerly used by Waylon Jennings, next door to the Oak Ridge Boys' former office.", "Dream On (The Righteous Brothers song) \"Dream On\" is a song written by Dennis Lambert and Brian Potter, and recorded by the American country music group The Oak Ridge Boys. It was released in August 1979 as the third single from their album \" The Oak Ridge Boys Have Arrived\". This is the Oak Ridge Boys' only single to prominently feature bass singer Richard Sterban on lead vocals. The song spent thirteen weeks within the top 40 of the Hot Country Songs charts and peaked at number seven. In Canada, the song spent three weeks at the number one position on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart, reaching that position on the November 3, 1979 chart and staying there for one week. Prior to the success of the Oak Ridge Boys' version, The Righteous Brothers had a hit version, reaching No. 32 on the Billboard Hot 100 in December 1974 No. 6 on the U.S. and Canadian Adult Contemporary charts. Bill Medley and Bobby Hatfield alternate lead vocals.", "Skylite  Skylite is a Memphis based gospel music label started by The Statesmen Quartet and The Blackwood Brothers in 1959. Along with The Blackwood Brothers and The Statesmen Quartet, Skylite signed, among others, The Speer Family, and the Oak Ridge Quartet (later renamed The Oak Ridge Boys). In 1966, the Statesmen-Blackwood team sold the record company to a group of investors led by Joel Gentry, with main offices on Music Row in Nashville, Tenn. Amidst the popularity of The Oak Ridge Boys (specifically when they switched to country music and the hit Elvira), many compilations were made with some of the material from their Skylite recordings. Even though Oak's baritone, William Lee Golden only appeared on two Skylite recordings, and Oak's lead, Duane Allen only appeared on part of one, and Oak's bass, Richard Sterban and Oaks tenor, Joe Bonsall appeared on none of these, these covers often showed the current group. Nonetheless, often the same songs are rehashed over several recordings while many others from this era are ignored. The Ken Gaub family recorded with Skylite in the early 1970s, and as Christian Rock began Eternity Express (one of the early groups) also made several records with this label. During the 1960s through the 1990s, Skylite was one of the pre-eminent southern gospel recording companies in the nation, having released projects by virtually every prominent group of that genre over four decades, including (in addition to those already named above) J.D. Sumner and The Stamps Quartet, Jake Hess, The Imperials, The Masters V, Florida Boys, Harmoneers, Kingsmen, Prophets, Rebels, The Weatherfords, The Martins, Blue Ridge Quartet, Gospel Harmony Boys, Swanee River Boys, The Smitty Gatlin Trio, and many, many other major groups and soloists.", "The Oak Ridge Boys discography The Oak Ridge Boys is an American musical group. Originally a gospel group, The Oak Ridge Boys switched its focus to country music in the mid-1970s, releasing a string of hit albums and singles that lasted into the early 1990s. Their discography comprises thirty-one studio albums and fifty-six singles. Their highest-selling album is 1981's \"Fancy Free\", which is certified double-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Of The Oak Ridge Boys' singles, seventeen reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. Two of these songs, \"Elvira\" and \"Bobbie Sue\", were also Top 40 pop and Adult Contemporary hits, and the former is certified platinum as a single. Four additional singles (\"Sail Away\", \"Dream On\", \"Heart of Mine\", and \"Fancy Free\") also entered the AC charts, while \"So Fine\" and \"American Made\" both made the 70s on the pop charts."], "answer": {"text": "Skylite,", "answer_start": 268}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Oak Ridge Boys doing in 1962?", "answer": {"text": "In 1962, Ron Page left, and the group hired Gary McSpadden (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other personnel changes?", "answer": {"text": "McSpadden quit to join a new group", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his group called?", "answer": {"text": "the Imperials.", "answer_start": 429, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Oak Ridge Boys make any records at this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#0", "question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "rewrite": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy.", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775.", "Siege of Ochakov (1788) The Second Siege of Ochakov (now Ochakiv, Ukraine) was one of the major events of the Russo-Turkish War (1787\u20131792). It was known as \"\u00d6zi Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\" in Turkish. In 1788, Russian forces led by Prince Grigory Potemkin and General Alexander Suvorov besieged the city, held by Ottoman troops commanded by Hasan Pasha. Despite Suvorov's urging to storm the city immediately, Potemkin had the Russian forces encircled Ochakov (\u00d6zi), bombarding the city and cutting off the defenders' supply of food and ammunition. By keeping his soldiers out of direct battle, Potemkin minimized Russian casualties, though he was accused by his generals of cowardice. The argument about storming continued in the Russian headquarters during the entirety of the siege. Also, the Russians captured strategically important Pirezin Island on July 18, 1788. The first combat was on May 31, with the arrival of the Turkish navy. The Russian flotilla lost a double-sloop while attempting to retreat. The Russian army began assaulting the city on July 9. The Turks made several attempts to break the siege. On July 27, about 5,000 Janissaries attacked positions held by Cossacks and forced them to retreat. Suvorov personally led reinforcements and drove the Janissaries to the gates of Ochakov, but was injured. Hasan Pasha expected reinforcements from the Turkish fleet, which gathered in Limans. But after the attack of Admiral Senyavin's fleet, Turkish reinforcements were cut off. The condition of both armies continued to decline, there was a threat of disease, and the weather was growing very cold. Potemkin ultimately gave in to Suvorov's arguments.", "The Favorite (novel) The Favorite () is a historical novel by Soviet writer Valentin Pikul, written in 1979-82. The novel describes the life of an outstanding military and political figure of the second half of the 18th century, Grigory Potemkin. Being one of the most \"officially\" beloved of Catherine the Great, Potemkin had a huge influence on the Empress, but he used it not only for personal gain, but for the good of the state. Potemkin became famous as a wise politician, an experienced diplomat, a brave captain. Under his leadership, major reforms have been carried out in the Russian army. However, envy and hatred of the last favorite of Catherine II, Count Platon Zubov led Potemkin to disgrace at first, and then to a premature death ... Much of the novel is devoted to the description of two Russian-Turkish wars , Crimean Khanate was destroyed as a result of this and the occupied territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire.", "Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River."], "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#1", "question": "So he could be nice too?", "rewrite": "So Grigory Potemkin could be nice too?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Favorite (novel) The Favorite () is a historical novel by Soviet writer Valentin Pikul, written in 1979-82. The novel describes the life of an outstanding military and political figure of the second half of the 18th century, Grigory Potemkin. Being one of the most \"officially\" beloved of Catherine the Great, Potemkin had a huge influence on the Empress, but he used it not only for personal gain, but for the good of the state. Potemkin became famous as a wise politician, an experienced diplomat, a brave captain. Under his leadership, major reforms have been carried out in the Russian army. However, envy and hatred of the last favorite of Catherine II, Count Platon Zubov led Potemkin to disgrace at first, and then to a premature death ... Much of the novel is devoted to the description of two Russian-Turkish wars , Crimean Khanate was destroyed as a result of this and the occupied territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire.", "Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775.", "But later Zaporozhian Cossack Grigory Potemkin, and apparently without Kalnyshevky's knowledge, reached an agreement to allow a group of 50 Cossacks under the guidance of a starshyna Lyakh to go fishing in the river Ingul next to the Southern Buh in Ottoman territory and to issue 50 passports. The pretext was enough to allow the Russians to let the Cossacks, as 50 passports allowed five thousand Cossacks to leave (approximately 30% of the Zaporozhian Cossacks). As long as Potemkin could be guilty, so starshyna, including Kalnyshevsky, was arrested for this. These Cossacks were joined by numerous Ukrainian peasants fleeing from Russian Serfdom and lived on the left bank of the Danube river (Budjak) then part of the Ottoman Empire, who allowed them to settle there. By 1778 they numbered 12 thousand men, and the Turkish Sultan decided that they would have much more use as a Cossack Host, and allocated them the land of Kuchungary (modern Transnistria) in the lower Dniester where they swore loyalty to the Ottoman Empire. However the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War divided the Cossacks. Some returned to Russia and joined the new Host of Loyal Zaporozhians (later the Black Sea Cossack Host) formed out of the Cossacks who chose to remain in Russia in 1775. After the Russo-Turkish War (1806\u201312), Bessarabia became part of Russia, and the Danubian Cossacks lost their allocated land.", "By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy."], "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#2", "question": "What did others have to say about his personality?", "rewrite": "What did others have to say about Grigory Potemkin's personality?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy.", "Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "The Favorite (novel) The Favorite () is a historical novel by Soviet writer Valentin Pikul, written in 1979-82. The novel describes the life of an outstanding military and political figure of the second half of the 18th century, Grigory Potemkin. Being one of the most \"officially\" beloved of Catherine the Great, Potemkin had a huge influence on the Empress, but he used it not only for personal gain, but for the good of the state. Potemkin became famous as a wise politician, an experienced diplomat, a brave captain. Under his leadership, major reforms have been carried out in the Russian army. However, envy and hatred of the last favorite of Catherine II, Count Platon Zubov led Potemkin to disgrace at first, and then to a premature death ... Much of the novel is devoted to the description of two Russian-Turkish wars , Crimean Khanate was destroyed as a result of this and the occupied territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire.", "The baronial line of Engelhardt is recorded in Part V of the genealogy books of the provinces of Yaroslava, Ekaterinoslavskaya, and Kursk. While most of the Baltic branches of the family remained predominantly Lutheran and Germanised, the other branches that lived in Russia became highly Russified and many family members had since converted to Orthodoxy. The house of Engelhardt has produced many distinguished and well known charitable works \u2014 the building of churches and hospitals, large donations to universities, public libraries and observatories (including the donation of ancient manuscripts), free land for the construction of railways and other public purposes, and the liberation of serfs. The Engelhardt name has been attached to a scientific institute in Moscow, the observatory of Kazan University, the gold medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the main railway station in Smolensk, a crater on the moon, an asteroid, and a star in the constellation Cygnus. Elena Aleksandrovna, the sister of Grigory Potemkin, was married to Vasily Andreyevich Engelhardt. Their six daughters, being nieces of Potemkin, were imperial favorites and featured prominently in the court of Catherine II and the subsequent reign. Potemkin doted on his nieces (and, it is generally assumed in the case of Barbara, Alexandra, and Catherine, had sexual relations) and bequeathed to them some of his great wealth. The six Potemkin nieces were:", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775."], "answer": {"text": "It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\".", "answer_start": 157}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he could be nice too?", "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#3", "question": "So he was a ladies' man?", "rewrite": "So Grigory Potemkin was a ladies' man?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775.", "The baronial line of Engelhardt is recorded in Part V of the genealogy books of the provinces of Yaroslava, Ekaterinoslavskaya, and Kursk. While most of the Baltic branches of the family remained predominantly Lutheran and Germanised, the other branches that lived in Russia became highly Russified and many family members had since converted to Orthodoxy. The house of Engelhardt has produced many distinguished and well known charitable works \u2014 the building of churches and hospitals, large donations to universities, public libraries and observatories (including the donation of ancient manuscripts), free land for the construction of railways and other public purposes, and the liberation of serfs. The Engelhardt name has been attached to a scientific institute in Moscow, the observatory of Kazan University, the gold medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the main railway station in Smolensk, a crater on the moon, an asteroid, and a star in the constellation Cygnus. Elena Aleksandrovna, the sister of Grigory Potemkin, was married to Vasily Andreyevich Engelhardt. Their six daughters, being nieces of Potemkin, were imperial favorites and featured prominently in the court of Catherine II and the subsequent reign. Potemkin doted on his nieces (and, it is generally assumed in the case of Barbara, Alexandra, and Catherine, had sexual relations) and bequeathed to them some of his great wealth. The six Potemkin nieces were:", "Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov Ivan Nikolajevich Rimsky-Korsakov, n\u00e9 \"Korsav\" (29 June 1754 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire \u2013 31 July 1831 in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian courtier and lover of Catherine the Great from 1778 to 1779. Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov was introduced to Catherine by Grigory Potemkin after having been vetted by Praskovja Bruce. Rumors that Catherine had her ladies-in-waiting 'test' her potential favorites are unsubstantiated by the historical record. Furthermore, while Potemkin played an important role in Catherine's life, there is no evidence to suggest he literally picked and presented his successors in the bedchamber to the empress. Catherine called Korsakov \"Pyrrhus\" because of his classic beauty, his singing and his violin playing. In 1779, Catherine caught him being unfaithful with Praskovja Bruce. It is believed that she was directed to the right room by Aleksandra von Engelhardt on the order of Potemkin, who wished for the fall of both Rimsky-Korsakov and Bruce. This caused both Rimsky-Korsakov and Bruce to lose their positions at court. Ivan Rimsky-Korsakov lived the rest of his life in Brattsevo near Moscow in a relationship with the married Countess Stroganova, n\u00e9e Princess Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya, with whom he had four children (Varvara, Vladimir, Vassily and Sophia) who were given the name Ladomirsky (the name of an extinct Polish noble family) and were ennobled by Imperial Ukaze on 11 November 1798.", "Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy."], "answer": {"text": "'\". Louis Philippe, comte de Segur described him as \"colossal like Russia\", \"an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance\".", "answer_start": 252}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he could be nice too?", "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others have to say about his personality?", "answer": {"text": "It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\".", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#4", "question": "What else was he like?", "rewrite": "Besides \"Colossal like Russia\", what else was Grigory Potemkin like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "One in particular, Joshua Zeitlin, a wealthy merchant and scholar, became his close friend. \"The two men - consort of the Russian Empress and rabbi in yamulka and ringlets - would ride together chatting amicably. Zeitlin 'walked with Potemkin like a brother and friend'. He achieved a position that no practising Jew in Russia has ever achieved before or since, remaining proudly unassimilated, steeped in rabbinical learning and piety, yet standing high in the Prince's court. Potemkin promoted Zeitlin to 'court counsellor' with a title of nobility. Russian Jews called him 'HaSar Zeitlin' (lord Zeitlin).\" After discussions with Zeitlin and his perambulant rabbis about the fighting prowess of the Biblical Israelites, the Prince decided to arm the Jews. Potemkin had raised a Jewish cavalry squadron on his estate, and when the Russo-Turkish war started, he wanted to liberate Constantinople for the Orthodox Church; he supported the idea of helping the Jews liberate Jerusalem. Then Potemkin founded the Israelovsky Regiment of Jewish Cossacks. The Jewish Cossacks were commanded by a German, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick. The Prince de Ligne, doyen of 18th-century cosmopolitanism and a philo\u2014Semite wrote: 'Prince Potemkin formed the singular project of raising a regiment of Jews,' he wrote to his master, the Habsburg emperor Joseph II. ' He intends to make Cossacks of them. Nothing amused me more.' Soon two squadrons of Jewish Cossacks were on patrol against the Turks, but Ligne claimed that they were not a success. After seven months' training, he sadly decided to end his rare experiment.", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775.", "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant, demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind. It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\". Louis Philippe, comte de Segur described him as \"colossal like Russia\", \"an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance\". The internal contrast was evident throughout his life: he frequented both church and numerous orgies, for example. In Segur's view, onlookers had a tendency to unjustly attribute to Catherine alone the successes of the period and to Potemkin the failures. An eccentric workaholic, Potemkin was vain and a great lover of jewelry (a taste he did not always remember to pay for), but he disliked sycophancy and was sensitive about his appearance, particularly his lost eye. He only agreed to having portraits made of him twice, in 1784 and again in 1791, both times by Johann Baptist von Lampi and from an angle which disguised his injury. Potemkin was also an intellectual. The Prince of Ligne noted that Potemkin had \"natural abilities [and] an excellent memory\". He was interested in history and generally knowledgeable. Potemkin loved the classical music of the period, as well as opera. He liked all food, both peasant and fine; particular favorites included roast beef and potatoes, and his anglophilia meant that English gardens were prepared wherever he went.", "By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy."], "answer": {"text": "he frequented both church and numerous orgies,", "answer_start": 508}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he could be nice too?", "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others have to say about his personality?", "answer": {"text": "It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\".", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he was a ladies' man?", "answer": {"text": "'\". Louis Philippe, comte de Segur described him as \"colossal like Russia\", \"an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance\".", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#5", "question": "What was his reputation?", "rewrite": "What was Grigory Potemkin's reputation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "Siege of Ochakov (1788) The Second Siege of Ochakov (now Ochakiv, Ukraine) was one of the major events of the Russo-Turkish War (1787\u20131792). It was known as \"\u00d6zi Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\" in Turkish. In 1788, Russian forces led by Prince Grigory Potemkin and General Alexander Suvorov besieged the city, held by Ottoman troops commanded by Hasan Pasha. Despite Suvorov's urging to storm the city immediately, Potemkin had the Russian forces encircled Ochakov (\u00d6zi), bombarding the city and cutting off the defenders' supply of food and ammunition. By keeping his soldiers out of direct battle, Potemkin minimized Russian casualties, though he was accused by his generals of cowardice. The argument about storming continued in the Russian headquarters during the entirety of the siege. Also, the Russians captured strategically important Pirezin Island on July 18, 1788. The first combat was on May 31, with the arrival of the Turkish navy. The Russian flotilla lost a double-sloop while attempting to retreat. The Russian army began assaulting the city on July 9. The Turks made several attempts to break the siege. On July 27, about 5,000 Janissaries attacked positions held by Cossacks and forced them to retreat. Suvorov personally led reinforcements and drove the Janissaries to the gates of Ochakov, but was injured. Hasan Pasha expected reinforcements from the Turkish fleet, which gathered in Limans. But after the attack of Admiral Senyavin's fleet, Turkish reinforcements were cut off. The condition of both armies continued to decline, there was a threat of disease, and the weather was growing very cold. Potemkin ultimately gave in to Suvorov's arguments.", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775.", "The Favorite (novel) The Favorite () is a historical novel by Soviet writer Valentin Pikul, written in 1979-82. The novel describes the life of an outstanding military and political figure of the second half of the 18th century, Grigory Potemkin. Being one of the most \"officially\" beloved of Catherine the Great, Potemkin had a huge influence on the Empress, but he used it not only for personal gain, but for the good of the state. Potemkin became famous as a wise politician, an experienced diplomat, a brave captain. Under his leadership, major reforms have been carried out in the Russian army. However, envy and hatred of the last favorite of Catherine II, Count Platon Zubov led Potemkin to disgrace at first, and then to a premature death ... Much of the novel is devoted to the description of two Russian-Turkish wars , Crimean Khanate was destroyed as a result of this and the occupied territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire.", "By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy."], "answer": {"text": "Criticisms include \"laziness, corruption, debauchery, indecision, extravagance, falsification, military incompetence and disinformation on a vast scale\"", "answer_start": 872}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he could be nice too?", "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others have to say about his personality?", "answer": {"text": "It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\".", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he was a ladies' man?", "answer": {"text": "'\". Louis Philippe, comte de Segur described him as \"colossal like Russia\", \"an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance\".", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he like?", "answer": {"text": "he frequented both church and numerous orgies,", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#6", "question": "So people didn't like him?", "rewrite": "So people didn't like Grigory Potemkin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Favorite (novel) The Favorite () is a historical novel by Soviet writer Valentin Pikul, written in 1979-82. The novel describes the life of an outstanding military and political figure of the second half of the 18th century, Grigory Potemkin. Being one of the most \"officially\" beloved of Catherine the Great, Potemkin had a huge influence on the Empress, but he used it not only for personal gain, but for the good of the state. Potemkin became famous as a wise politician, an experienced diplomat, a brave captain. Under his leadership, major reforms have been carried out in the Russian army. However, envy and hatred of the last favorite of Catherine II, Count Platon Zubov led Potemkin to disgrace at first, and then to a premature death ... Much of the novel is devoted to the description of two Russian-Turkish wars , Crimean Khanate was destroyed as a result of this and the occupied territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire.", "The baronial line of Engelhardt is recorded in Part V of the genealogy books of the provinces of Yaroslava, Ekaterinoslavskaya, and Kursk. While most of the Baltic branches of the family remained predominantly Lutheran and Germanised, the other branches that lived in Russia became highly Russified and many family members had since converted to Orthodoxy. The house of Engelhardt has produced many distinguished and well known charitable works \u2014 the building of churches and hospitals, large donations to universities, public libraries and observatories (including the donation of ancient manuscripts), free land for the construction of railways and other public purposes, and the liberation of serfs. The Engelhardt name has been attached to a scientific institute in Moscow, the observatory of Kazan University, the gold medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the main railway station in Smolensk, a crater on the moon, an asteroid, and a star in the constellation Cygnus. Elena Aleksandrovna, the sister of Grigory Potemkin, was married to Vasily Andreyevich Engelhardt. Their six daughters, being nieces of Potemkin, were imperial favorites and featured prominently in the court of Catherine II and the subsequent reign. Potemkin doted on his nieces (and, it is generally assumed in the case of Barbara, Alexandra, and Catherine, had sexual relations) and bequeathed to them some of his great wealth. The six Potemkin nieces were:", "By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy.", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775.", "Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River."], "answer": {"text": "supporters hold that only \"the sybaritism [devotion to luxury] and extravagance... are truly justified\", stressing Potemkin's \"intelligence, force of personality,", "answer_start": 1029}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he could be nice too?", "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others have to say about his personality?", "answer": {"text": "It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\".", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he was a ladies' man?", "answer": {"text": "'\". Louis Philippe, comte de Segur described him as \"colossal like Russia\", \"an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance\".", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he like?", "answer": {"text": "he frequented both church and numerous orgies,", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his reputation?", "answer": {"text": "Criticisms include \"laziness, corruption, debauchery, indecision, extravagance, falsification, military incompetence and disinformation on a vast scale\"", "answer_start": 872, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#7", "question": "Was he smart?", "rewrite": "Was Grigory Potemkin smart?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Siege of Ochakov (1788) The Second Siege of Ochakov (now Ochakiv, Ukraine) was one of the major events of the Russo-Turkish War (1787\u20131792). It was known as \"\u00d6zi Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\" in Turkish. In 1788, Russian forces led by Prince Grigory Potemkin and General Alexander Suvorov besieged the city, held by Ottoman troops commanded by Hasan Pasha. Despite Suvorov's urging to storm the city immediately, Potemkin had the Russian forces encircled Ochakov (\u00d6zi), bombarding the city and cutting off the defenders' supply of food and ammunition. By keeping his soldiers out of direct battle, Potemkin minimized Russian casualties, though he was accused by his generals of cowardice. The argument about storming continued in the Russian headquarters during the entirety of the siege. Also, the Russians captured strategically important Pirezin Island on July 18, 1788. The first combat was on May 31, with the arrival of the Turkish navy. The Russian flotilla lost a double-sloop while attempting to retreat. The Russian army began assaulting the city on July 9. The Turks made several attempts to break the siege. On July 27, about 5,000 Janissaries attacked positions held by Cossacks and forced them to retreat. Suvorov personally led reinforcements and drove the Janissaries to the gates of Ochakov, but was injured. Hasan Pasha expected reinforcements from the Turkish fleet, which gathered in Limans. But after the attack of Admiral Senyavin's fleet, Turkish reinforcements were cut off. The condition of both armies continued to decline, there was a threat of disease, and the weather was growing very cold. Potemkin ultimately gave in to Suvorov's arguments.", "The Favorite (novel) The Favorite () is a historical novel by Soviet writer Valentin Pikul, written in 1979-82. The novel describes the life of an outstanding military and political figure of the second half of the 18th century, Grigory Potemkin. Being one of the most \"officially\" beloved of Catherine the Great, Potemkin had a huge influence on the Empress, but he used it not only for personal gain, but for the good of the state. Potemkin became famous as a wise politician, an experienced diplomat, a brave captain. Under his leadership, major reforms have been carried out in the Russian army. However, envy and hatred of the last favorite of Catherine II, Count Platon Zubov led Potemkin to disgrace at first, and then to a premature death ... Much of the novel is devoted to the description of two Russian-Turkish wars , Crimean Khanate was destroyed as a result of this and the occupied territories were incorporated into the Russian Empire.", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775.", "Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy."], "answer": {"text": "\"lots of intelligence, intrigue and credit\" but lacked \"knowledge, application and virtue\".", "answer_start": 220}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he could be nice too?", "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others have to say about his personality?", "answer": {"text": "It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\".", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he was a ladies' man?", "answer": {"text": "'\". Louis Philippe, comte de Segur described him as \"colossal like Russia\", \"an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance\".", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he like?", "answer": {"text": "he frequented both church and numerous orgies,", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his reputation?", "answer": {"text": "Criticisms include \"laziness, corruption, debauchery, indecision, extravagance, falsification, military incompetence and disinformation on a vast scale\"", "answer_start": 872, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So people didn't like him?", "answer": {"text": "supporters hold that only \"the sybaritism [devotion to luxury] and extravagance... are truly justified\", stressing Potemkin's \"intelligence, force of personality,", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e4d9fa72e6104a5da6b02e036ecebd90_0_q#8", "question": "What else should I know about him?", "rewrite": "Besides \"Lots of Intelligence, Intrigue and Credit\", what else should I know about Grigory Potemkin?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By 1759, Catherine and he had become lovers; no one told Catherine's husband, the Grand Duke Peter. Catherine saw Orlov as very useful, and he became instrumental in the 28 June 1762 \"coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\" against her husband, but she preferred to remain the Dowager Empress of Russia, rather than marrying anyone. Grigory Orlov and his other three brothers found themselves rewarded with titles, money, swords, and other gifts, but Catherine did not marry Grigory, who proved inept at politics and useless when asked for advice. He received a palace in Saint Petersburg when Catherine became Empress. Orlov died in 1783. Their son, Aleksey Grygoriovich Bobrinsky (1762\u20131813), had one daughter, Maria Alexeyeva Bobrinsky (Bobrinskaya) (1798\u20131835), who married in 1819 the 34-year-old Prince Nikolai Sergeevich Gagarin (London, England, 1784\u20131842) who took part in the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) against Napoleon, and later served as ambassador in Turin, the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia. Grigory Potemkin was involved in the \"coup d'\u00e9tat\" of 1762. In 1772, Catherine's close friends informed her of Orlov's affairs with other women, and she dismissed him. By the winter of 1773, the Pugachev revolt had started to threaten. Catherine's son Paul had also started gaining support; both of these trends threatened her power. She called Potemkin for help\u2014mostly military\u2014and he became devoted to her. In 1772, Catherine wrote to Potemkin. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. She appointed General Aleksandr Bibikov to put down the uprising, but she needed Potemkin's advice on military strategy.", "Potemkin village In politics and economics a Potemkin village is any construction (literal or figurative) built solely to deceive others into thinking that a situation is better than it really is. The term comes from stories of a fake portable village built solely to impress Empress Catherine II by her former lover Grigory Potemkin during her journey to Crimea in 1787. While modern historians claim accounts of this portable village are exaggerated, the original story was that Potemkin erected phony portable settlements along the banks of the Dnieper River in order to impress the Russian Empress; the structures would be disassembled after she passed, and re-assembled farther along her route to be viewed again as if another example. The term is translated from the . (IPA: ; romanization: \"poty\u00f3mkinskiye der\u00e9vni\") Grigory Potemkin was a minister and lover of the Russian Empress Catherine II. After the Russian annexation of Crimea from the Ottoman Empire and liquidation of the Cossack Zaporozhian Sich (see New Russia), Potemkin became governor of the region. Crimea had been devastated by the war, and the Muslim Tatar inhabitants of Crimea were viewed as a potential fifth column of the Ottoman Empire; Potemkin's major tasks were to pacify and rebuild by bringing in Russian settlers. In 1787, as a new war was about to break out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, Catherine II with her court and several ambassadors made an unprecedented six-month trip to New Russia. One purpose of this trip was to impress Russia's allies prior to the war. Another purpose was to familiarize herself, supposedly directly, with her new possessions. To help accomplish this, Potemkin set up \"mobile villages\" on the banks of the Dnieper River.", "The baronial line of Engelhardt is recorded in Part V of the genealogy books of the provinces of Yaroslava, Ekaterinoslavskaya, and Kursk. While most of the Baltic branches of the family remained predominantly Lutheran and Germanised, the other branches that lived in Russia became highly Russified and many family members had since converted to Orthodoxy. The house of Engelhardt has produced many distinguished and well known charitable works \u2014 the building of churches and hospitals, large donations to universities, public libraries and observatories (including the donation of ancient manuscripts), free land for the construction of railways and other public purposes, and the liberation of serfs. The Engelhardt name has been attached to a scientific institute in Moscow, the observatory of Kazan University, the gold medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the main railway station in Smolensk, a crater on the moon, an asteroid, and a star in the constellation Cygnus. Elena Aleksandrovna, the sister of Grigory Potemkin, was married to Vasily Andreyevich Engelhardt. Their six daughters, being nieces of Potemkin, were imperial favorites and featured prominently in the court of Catherine II and the subsequent reign. Potemkin doted on his nieces (and, it is generally assumed in the case of Barbara, Alexandra, and Catherine, had sexual relations) and bequeathed to them some of his great wealth. The six Potemkin nieces were:", "Siege of Ochakov (1788) The Second Siege of Ochakov (now Ochakiv, Ukraine) was one of the major events of the Russo-Turkish War (1787\u20131792). It was known as \"\u00d6zi Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\" in Turkish. In 1788, Russian forces led by Prince Grigory Potemkin and General Alexander Suvorov besieged the city, held by Ottoman troops commanded by Hasan Pasha. Despite Suvorov's urging to storm the city immediately, Potemkin had the Russian forces encircled Ochakov (\u00d6zi), bombarding the city and cutting off the defenders' supply of food and ammunition. By keeping his soldiers out of direct battle, Potemkin minimized Russian casualties, though he was accused by his generals of cowardice. The argument about storming continued in the Russian headquarters during the entirety of the siege. Also, the Russians captured strategically important Pirezin Island on July 18, 1788. The first combat was on May 31, with the arrival of the Turkish navy. The Russian flotilla lost a double-sloop while attempting to retreat. The Russian army began assaulting the city on July 9. The Turks made several attempts to break the siege. On July 27, about 5,000 Janissaries attacked positions held by Cossacks and forced them to retreat. Suvorov personally led reinforcements and drove the Janissaries to the gates of Ochakov, but was injured. Hasan Pasha expected reinforcements from the Turkish fleet, which gathered in Limans. But after the attack of Admiral Senyavin's fleet, Turkish reinforcements were cut off. The condition of both armies continued to decline, there was a threat of disease, and the weather was growing very cold. Potemkin ultimately gave in to Suvorov's arguments.", "Alexandra Branitskaya Countess Alexandra Branitskaya n\u00e9e von Engelhardt (, , 1754 \u2013 15 September 1838), also known as \"Saneckka\" and \"Countess Branicka\", was a leading Russian courtier. She was the niece, confidante, and possibly lover, of Grigory Potemkin, and Catherine the Great's favourite lady-in-waiting. She was one of the most notable socialites at the Russian Imperial court during Catherine's reign, and was conspicuously treated as a virtual member of the Imperial family. Through her marriage to Branicki she became administrator of the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. Officially, she was the daughter of Vasily von Engelhardt and his wife Yelena Marfa, n\u00e9e Potemkin, a sister of Grigory Potemkin, and thus the latter's niece. However, at least one historian has taken a close interest in the gossip swirling around the imperial court at the time of her birth. One theory was that she was the first-born illegitimate child of Catherine with Grigory Potemkin. According to an alternative, marginally less explosive, account she was Catherine's daughter by Count Sergey Saltykov and that on learning of her arrival, tsarina Elizabeth had her swiftly substituted for a handy male neonate of Estonian parentage, who eventually grew up to be Tsar Paul, Catherine's son and heir. Other historians are more dismissive of the gossip. Even as Alexandra was rumoured to be Catherine's own daughter, they nevertheless repeat that it was merely a claim that Alexandra was the first-born who had been switched with the son of a Kalmyk woman on account of her sex, since a male heir was preferred. Alexandra was introduced to the Russian court with her five sisters and her brother in 1775."], "answer": {"text": "A practical politician, his political ideas were \"quintessentially Russian\", and he believed in the superiority of the Tsarist autocracy (he once described the French revolutionaries as \"a pack of madmen\").", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Grigory Potemkin's Personality like?", "answer": {"text": "Potemkin \"exuded both menace and welcome\"; he was arrogant,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he could be nice too?", "answer": {"text": "demanding of his courtiers and very changeable in his moods but also fascinating, warm and kind.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did others have to say about his personality?", "answer": {"text": "It was generally agreed among his female companions that he was \"amply endowed with 'sex appeal'\".", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So he was a ladies' man?", "answer": {"text": "'\". Louis Philippe, comte de Segur described him as \"colossal like Russia\", \"an inconceivable mixture of grandeur and pettiness, laziness and activity, bravery and timidity, ambition and insouciance\".", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he like?", "answer": {"text": "he frequented both church and numerous orgies,", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his reputation?", "answer": {"text": "Criticisms include \"laziness, corruption, debauchery, indecision, extravagance, falsification, military incompetence and disinformation on a vast scale\"", "answer_start": 872, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So people didn't like him?", "answer": {"text": "supporters hold that only \"the sybaritism [devotion to luxury] and extravagance... are truly justified\", stressing Potemkin's \"intelligence, force of personality,", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he smart?", "answer": {"text": "\"lots of intelligence, intrigue and credit\" but lacked \"knowledge, application and virtue\".", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_4507c1bc4a7b4f2ba25d948fa5c3e4e1_0_q#0", "question": "How did Will Forte began his career in Saturday Nigh Live?", "rewrite": "How did Will Forte began his career in Saturday Nigh Live?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This included twelve receptions for 105 yards in the fifth game, followed by ten receptions for 77 in the sixth game, becoming just the fourth Bear (since joined by Alshon Jeffery in 2015), and the second running back in NFL history with back-to-back 10+ reception games. He ended the season with 102 receptions, breaking Larry Centers' 1995 record for running backs, which was later eclipsed by Carolina Panthers running back, Christian McCaffrey in 2018. Forte also had three 100+ yard rushing games, and nine games with 100+ yards from scrimmage. He passed 1,000 yards rushing for the third consecutive season (joining Neal Anderson and Walter Payton as the only Bears to do so), and for the fifth time in his career (second only to Payton). Forte began his 2015 season with a season-best 141 rushing yards against Green Bay, his best since the 2011 season. In Week 3, Forte had zero receptions snapping a streak of 49 consecutive games, 17th all-time among running backs. His production was sub-par even before a knee injury at the hands of Minnesota's Harrison Smith sidelined him for three games. In 13 games in the 2015 season, Forte rushed for 898 yards and four touchdowns, and caught 44 passes for 389 yards and three touchdowns, a then-career-low 1,287 yards from scrimmage. He was ranked 90th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. On February 12, 2016, Forte announced that the Bears were not going to attempt to re-sign him in free agency. Ryan Pace, the Bears' general manager, later confirmed the Bears were not going to re-sign Forte. He praised Forte's contributions to the Bears by stating, \"Matt is one of the all-time great Bears and did an excellent job for us on and off the field last season.\"", "Chet Forte Fulvio Chester \"Chet\" Forte Jr. (August 7, 1935 \u2013 May 18, 1996) was an American television director and sports radio talk show host. He was also a standout college basketball player for Columbia and was the UPI Player of the Year in 1956\u201357. Forte's life in the sports world began as an All-State basketball star at Hackensack High School in Hackensack, New Jersey. He was named to the \"Star-Ledger\"<nowiki>'</nowiki > s Team of the Century in 1999. From there he starred at Columbia University. In the 1956\u201357 season, he was named first-team All-American as a point guard, and beat out the legendary Wilt Chamberlain for player of the year. He was short for a basketball player, but shot with deadly accuracy from the outside\u2014the approximate location of today's three-point circle. Forte was drafted in the 7th round of the 1957 NBA draft by the Cincinnati Royals, but did not make the team, and never played in the NBA. Forte began working in TV, joining ABC Sports in the mid-1960s. On April 8, 1967, due to an AFTRA strike, Forte and producer Chuck Howard filled-in as commentators for Game 4 of the NBA Eastern Conference Finals between the Boston Celtics and Philadelphia 76ers. In 1970, Forte was named the first director of \"Monday Night Football\". His ability to present the game as entertainment spectacle as well as sporting event, under the mandate of executive producer Roone Arledge, made the show a huge success in both sports and pop culture. Despite his professional success, Forte had a huge gambling addiction which he kept behind the scenes. ABC executives feared his gambling activities were affecting his job which led to his departure from ABC in the mid-1980s.", "Joelle Forte Joelle Forte (born July 5, 1986) is an American figure skater. She is a five-time North Atlantic Regional champion, the 2009 Eastern Sectional champion, and represented the United States at Skate America in October 2011, Nebelhorn Trophy in September 2011, and Gradena Spring Trophy in May 2011. Forte began skating at age four and entered her first qualifying competition in 1996, at age ten. That year, she placed fourth at the juvenile level at North Atlantic Regionals. Forte first competed nationally during the 1999\u20132000 season, when she finished ninth at the National Championships at the novice level. She continued skating for over a decade following that season, not qualifying for the National Championships again for several years. Forte retired temporarily, not competing during the 2004\u20132005 season due to chronic back injury, but returned after a year and a half away, citing her ongoing love for the sport. She finally made it back to Nationals in 2008-2009, by which point she was competing as a senior, the oldest skater in the ladies competition. In the 2009\u20132010 season, Forte intended to represent Azerbaijan, although, due to paperwork issues, she never had an opportunity to actually compete on its behalf. She resumed representing the United States. During the 2010\u20132011 season, Forte received her first senior international assignment, Gardena Spring Trophy, and the following season, she was assigned to represent the United States at Skate America, the first Grand Prix assignment of her career. Though unusual for a skater to add new jumps to her repertoire so late in her career, Forte included a triple flip in her short program for the first time at the 2011 Liberty Summer competition, and is working on adding a triple toe loop-triple toe loop combination for the 2011-12 competitive season. Forte has performed with the Ice Theatre of New York.", "Ike Forte Donald Roy \"Ike\" Forte (born March 8, 1954 in Texarkana, Arkansas) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the New England Patriots, the Washington Redskins, and the New York Giants. He played college football at the University of Arkansas and was drafted in the second round of the 1976 NFL Draft. Forte began his college career with the Tyler Junior College, playing two seasons. He earned junior college All-America honors in his sophomore season when he ran for 1,175 yards. Next moving to Arkansas, Forte was the leading rusher for the team in his junior and senior seasons, earning All-Southwest Conference honors in both 1974 and 1975. He had eight 100-yard games rushing and finished as the third best rusher in team history to that point. In 1975, Forte was a co-captain and a key player in the Hogs winning the Southwest Conference title and, in his last college game, he led the team in an upset of the Georgia Bulldogs in the 1976 Cotton Bowl Classic. In that game, he rushed for 119 yards and two touchdowns, earning the game's Most Outstanding Offensive Player award. Forte began his journeyman career in the National Football League with New England after being drafted in the second round (38th pick overall) by the team. In his career, Forte scored seven touchdowns while gaining 511 yards rushing and 387 yards receiving.", "In the regular season opener, Forte had a career-best 151 receiving yards including two touchdowns, one of 89 and a game-winning 28 yarder; he was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week. In Week 5 against the Carolina Panthers, Forte had touchdown runs of 18 and 68 yards, the latter a career long, on the way to 166 total rushing yards on the day. Forte was named FedEx Ground Player of the Week for this week. In Week 11 at the Miami Dolphins, the season's first \"Thursday Night Football\" game, Forte rushed for 97 yards on 25 carries and scored the game's only touchdown on a 2-yard run in the fourth quarter as the Bears shutout the Dolphins, 16\u20130. Over the last seven games of the season, Forte had at least 90 rushing yards in five of them. His 1,616 yards from scrimmage ranked tenth in the NFL. The Chicago Bears finished with an 11\u20135 record and made the playoffs. In the , Forte recorded 80 yards rushing and 54 yards receiving in a victory over the Seattle Seahawks, and became the only player in Bears post-season history with 10+ receptions in the 21\u201314 loss to the Green Bay Packers in the . Forte began the season primarily as a receiver. He recorded 68, 49, and two rushing yards in his first three games; buthad 90, 117, and 80 receiving yards, respectively. This changed in Week 4, when Forte rushed for a career-high 205 yards and one rushing touchdown against the Carolina Panthers, starting a stretch of four 100+ yard rushing performances over the next five games. Through nine games, Forte lead the Bears in rush attempts, rush yards, receptions, and receiving yards; and through Week 8 led the league in yards from scrimmage."], "answer": {"text": "After Will Ferrell left Saturday Night Live in the following spring, Forte joined the cast,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4507c1bc4a7b4f2ba25d948fa5c3e4e1_0_q#1", "question": "Was he good in the show?", "rewrite": "Was Will Forte good in the Saturday Night Live?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell was an American television comedy-variety program that ran on ABC from September 1975 to January 1976, hosted by Howard Cosell and executive-produced by Roone Arledge. The series ran for 18 episodes before being cancelled. The show was later remembered by its director Don Mischer as \"one of the greatest disasters in the history of television\", largely because Cosell and Arledge\u2014both veterans of sports broadcasting\u2014were entirely unfamiliar with comedy and variety programming. Despite having highly notable celebrities both as cast members and guests, \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" has never been made available on home video. \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" is consistently confused with the sketch comedy program \"Saturday Night Live\". In October 1975, rival network NBC began airing the late night comedy show \"NBC's Saturday Night\", the creation of producer Lorne Michaels. The shows did not compete for the same time slot. Cosell's \"Saturday Night Live\" aired at 8 p.m. ET/PT, whereas \"NBC's Saturday Night\" aired at 11:30 p.m. After Cosell's show was cancelled, the NBC show was renamed \"Saturday Night Live\". The premiere episode featured celebrity guests Frank Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Paul Anka, Siegfried and Roy, the cast of the Broadway version of \"The Wiz\", tennis pro Jimmy Connors (who sang, while profusely sweating, Anka's \"Girl , You Turn Me On\" as a dedication to his girlfriend Chris Evert. Anka played the piano to accompany Connors), and John Denver. The episode's musical guest was the Bay City Rollers, from Scotland, whom Cosell dubbed \"the next\" British phenomenon.", "Hoping to make his family proud, Tracy searches for a legacy and decides to produce the world's first pornographic video game. Despite Frank's skepticism, Tracy has some success in designing the game by conquering the uncanny valley, a scale on which the strangeness of special effects are measured. A depressed Devon becomes resigned to the fact that Jack will receive the promotion. Don Geiss, however, goes into a diabetic coma, despite the efforts of Dr. Spaceman (Chris Parnell), before he can announce his decision. Devon denies knowing that Geiss had chosen Jack as his successor. The next day, Devon appears in Jack's office, revealing he has convinced the board to put Kathy Geiss (Marceline Hugot), his fianc\u00e9e, in charge, with Devon acting as the power behind the throne. He then kicks Jack out of his office. Chris Parnell, who played Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode, has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\", a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey was the head writer on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1999 until 2006. Various other cast members of \"Saturday Night Live\" have appeared on \"30 Rock\", including Rachel Dratch, Fred Armisen, Kristen Wiig, Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis and Molly Shannon. Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\". Alec Baldwin has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" fourteen times, the second highest number of episodes of any host of the series. \"Succession\" was viewed by an average of 5.5 million American viewers upon its original broadcast. The episode also achieved a 2.8/7 in the key 18- to 49-year-old demographic.", "History of Saturday Night Live (2010\u20132015) This article is about the history of \"Saturday Night Live\" from 2010 through 2015. The 2010\u201311 season of \"Saturday Night Live\" began September 25, 2010 with host Amy Poehler and musical guest Katy Perry. Before the start of the new season, four new cast members were added to fill the gap left behind by Will Forte (who quit the show after eight years), Jenny Slate (who was fired after her first season on the show), Abby Elliott (who was promoted to repertory player), and Bobby Moynihan (also promoted), improv comedians Paul Brittain and Vanessa Bayer, former \"MADtv\" and \"The Amanda Show\" cast member Taran Killam, and stand-up comic/impressionist Jay Pharoah. The opening montage remained the same as the previous season's, but with Will Forte and Jenny Slate removed. Scenes with Vanessa Bayer (sitting at an outdoor cafe), Paul Brittain (riding a bike down Midtown), Taran Killam ( playing table tennis), and Jay Pharoah (showing off his breakdancing moves) were added. The commercial bumpers remained mostly the same as the previous season. All references of \"SNL\"'s 35 years on the air were removed. Some bumpers showcased the host or musical guest(s) moving. \"Featuring\"  The 2011\u201312 season of \"Saturday Night Live\" premiered on September 24, 2011, with host Alec Baldwin and musical guest Radiohead. The opening remains the same as the last two seasons. However, as of the Channing Tatum/Bon Iver episode, featured player Paul Brittain is no longer shown in the featured player montage, as he left the cast after the Daniel Radcliffe/Lana Del Rey episode.", "Later in this episode, the pair reconcile, but only if Tracy allows for Angie to follow him to make sure that he isn't having an affair. Jenna becomes attached to her newly gained fat when a mishap during a sketch, on \"TGS with Tracy Jordan\", brings her large amounts of attention from the public. Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) is still re-adjusting to life outside of a relationship. Chris Parnell, who played Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode, has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\", a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey was the head writer on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1999 until 2006. Various other cast members of \"Saturday Night Live\" have appeared on \"30 Rock\". These cast members include: Rachel Dratch, Fred Armisen, Kristen Wiig, Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis and Molly Shannon. Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\". Alec Baldwin has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" seventeen times, the highest number of episodes of any host of the series. The \"Me Want Food\" T-shirts which Jenna and Liz see in the NBC store, at Rockefeller Center, were made available from the NBC Universal website shortly after the episode aired. Shortly after the episode \"MILF Island\" aired, similar T-shirts were manufactured, featuring the \"MILF Island\" logo. \"Jack Gets in the Game\" brought in an average of 6.6 million American viewers. This episode achieved a 3.0/8 in the key 18\u201349 demographic, a series high in that category.", "Chris Parnell, who played Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode, has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\", a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey was the head writer on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1999 until 2006. Various other cast members of \"Saturday Night Live\" have appeared on \"30 Rock\". These cast members include: Rachel Dratch, Fred Armisen, Kristen Wiig, Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis and Molly Shannon. Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\". Alec Baldwin has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" seventeen times, the highest number of episodes of any host of the series. \"Star Wars\" is frequently referenced in \"30 Rock\", beginning with the pilot episode where Tracy Jordan is seen shouting that he is a Jedi. Liz Lemon admits to being a huge fan of \"Star Wars\", saying that she had watched it many times with Pete Hornberger, and saying she dressed up as the \"Star Wars\" character Princess Leia during four Halloweens. Fey, a fan of \"Star Wars\" herself, said that the weekly \"Star Wars\" joke or reference \"started happening organically\" when the crew realized that they had a \"Star Wars\" reference \"in almost every show\". Fey said that from then on \"it became a thing where [they] tried to keep it going\", and that even though they could not include one in every episode, they still had a \"pretty high batting average\". Fey attributed most of the references to Robert Carlock, who she described as \"the resident expert\". \" Star Wars\" is referenced in this episode when Tracy Jordan takes on the identity of the character Chewbacca."], "answer": {"text": "He was promoted to repertory player after his first year.", "answer_start": 168}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Will Forte began his career in Saturday Nigh Live?", "answer": {"text": "After Will Ferrell left Saturday Night Live in the following spring, Forte joined the cast,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4507c1bc4a7b4f2ba25d948fa5c3e4e1_0_q#2", "question": "Did the audience like him?", "rewrite": "Did the audience like Will Forte?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rocco Forte Sir Rocco Giovanni Forte, FCA, FIoD (born 18 January 1945) is an English hotelier and the chairman of Rocco Forte Hotels. Born in Bournemouth, the son of the late Lord Forte and his wife Irene, he was educated at St Peter's Catholic Comprehensive School, Southbourne, and Downside School. He read modern languages at Pembroke College, Oxford, where he won a blue for fencing. He qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1969, later becoming a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in 1979. He took over from his father as CEO of the Forte Group in 1992. In the mid-1990s, the Forte Group was faced with a hostile takeover bid from Gerry Robinson's Granada. Ultimately, Granada succeeded with a \u00a33.87 billion tender offer in August 1995 that left the family with around \u00a3350 million in cash. In 2001, following the de-merger of Compass Group from Granada's media interests, the use of the Forte trademark was returned to Forte in a gesture intended to dispel the bitter legacy of the takeover. After the takeover, Forte set up his own chain of hotels in 1996, initially known as RF Hotels and re-branded as The Rocco Forte Collection after the return of the Forte brand name. He bought the Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh and Brown's Hotel in London for \u00a351.5m. As of April 2013, The Rocco Forte Collection operates eleven hotels in Europe, Russia, northern Africa and the Middle East. Forte's family wealth in 2013 was listed as \u00a3250,000,000. Forte was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1995 New Year Honours list for services to the UK tourism industry. In March 2005, he received the highest Italian accolade, the \"Gran Croce dell'Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana\", for his entrepreneurial merits and strong links with Italy.", "Charles Forte, Baron Forte Charles Carmine Forte, Baron Forte (26 November 1908 \u2013 28 February 2007) was a Scottish-Italian caterer and hotelier of Italian origin who founded the leisure and hotels conglomerate that ultimately became the Forte Group. Charles Forte was born as Carmine Forte in Mortale, now Monforte, Casalattico, in the province of Frosinone, Italy on 26 November 1908. He emigrated from Italy to Scotland at the age of four with his family. He attended Alloa Academy and then St. Joseph's College, Dumfries as a boarder, followed by two years of studies in Rome. After Rome, Forte rejoined his family, who had moved to Weston-super-Mare, where his father ran a caf\u00e9 with two cousins. Charles's main training at the age of 21 came in Brighton, where he managed the Venetian Lounge for a cousin. At 26, he set up his first \"milk bar\" in 1935, the Strand Milk Bar Ltd, in Regent Street, London, having thoroughly researched the location. Soon he began expanding into catering and hotel businesses. At the outbreak of World War II, Forte was interned in the Isle of Man due to his Italian nationality, but he was released after only three months. After the war, his company became Forte Holdings Ltd and bought the Caf\u00e9 Royal in 1954. In the 1950s, he also opened the first catering facility at Heathrow Airport and the first full British motorway service station for cars at Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, on the M1 motorway in 1959. He purchased the Hungaria Restaurant in Lower Regent St. in 1955. Trust Houses Group Ltd and Forte Holdings were merged in 1970 to become Trust House Forte or THF. Through mergers and expansion, Forte expanded the Forte Group into a multibillion-pound business.", "On 31 January 2013, Forte returned to his first club Sheffield United, on loan for the rest of the season. Forte scored his first United goal in eight years when he netted in a 2\u20130 league victory over Bury at Gigg Lane. After initially starting regularly Forte was injured during the game against Bury, and struggled with his fitness during the rest of his loan spell. With United failing to gain promotion, Forte returned to Southampton having played twelve games and scored one goal. On 17 May 2014, Southampton announced that Forte would be released. On 19 July 2014, Forte played as a trialist for Oldham Athletic against Melbourne City, playing for 75 minutes for the Lancashire-based-club. He also played in a 2\u20131 victory over Newcastle United. On 1 August 2014, Forte signed a one-year deal with the club, with an option of a further year. Forte made his debut on the opening day of the season against Colchester United scoring both goals in a 2\u20132 draw. Forte scored his 9th and 10th goal against Coventry this gave them an emphatic 4\u20131 victory and stretched Oldham's 12 game unbeaten run. In the next match a 2\u20131 victory over Bradford City Forte continued his goal scoring form with a goal in the 7th minute putting Latics ahead. After three previous loan spells at the club, Forte returned to League Two club Notts County on 1 July 2016 on undisclosed terms. He was released by Notts County at the end of the 2017\u201318 season. On 26 June 2018, Forte was signed by Exeter City. In August 2019, Forte announced his retirement as a player, aged 33, due to a knee injury. Despite playing for England at youth level, on 26 March 2010, he made his international debut for Barbados in a 1\u20130 victory against Dominica. He qualifies for Barbados through his father.", "Reggie Forte Reginald Westley Forte (1949\u20131997) was one of the founding members of the Black Panther Party. Forte was born on March 31, 1949, in Birmingham, Alabama to Leavy II and Helen (Demand) Forte. He and his family relocated to Emeryville, California in 1959. Later, the family moved to Oakland, California where Forte attended Oakland Tech High School. He had two brothers, Sherwin and Leavy III. He had one daughter, Marcella Anne Forte, three grandsons, Anthony Narcisse, Dione and Darrell Narcisse, one niece, Tosha Forte, and one nephew, Leavy Forte IV. Census records from the 1900s show that there were three brothers, Caze, Washington, and Preston Forte. They owned their own land in a town called Eufaula, Alabama. Each brother raised 11 children. They lived as a \"clan\" to protect each other from the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). One of Forte's forefathers seized the opportunity to emigrate to Liberia with his family. In 1868, Willis Forte sailed on the \"Golconda\", with his wife Paulina, son Wiley, daughter Catherine, and another son Charles. Later, as Wiley took a wife, he established a town called Forteville that still thrives today. An incident arose in the 1930s between the Ku Klux Klan and the family. The story is documented in the book \"Witness to Injustice\" by David Frost, Jr. One of the Forte men went to town and had a fight with a white man. A knife was involved and both men were injured. When Forte made it home to Eufaula, the women and children moved into the woods for protection, while the men prepared for a fight. The next day a group of klansmen came to seek revenge at the Forte compound.", "Rocco Forte Hotels Rocco Forte Hotels is a British hotel group that was established in 1996 by hotelier Sir Rocco Forte and his sister, Olga Polizzi. Their 14 hotels are located in European cities, as well as beach resorts in Sicily and Apulia, and recent openings in Saudi Arabia and China. Sir Rocco Forte is Chairman and Chief Executive, while Olga Polizzi is Deputy Chairman and Director of Design. Following the takeover of the Forte Group by Granada plc in 1996, Sir Rocco Forte and Olga Polizzi (the children of hotel magnate Lord Forte) formed RF Hotels. The rights to the Forte name were initially lost in 1996, when Granada plc bought the Forte Group. The first hotel purchased by the newly formed company in 1997 was a former Forte Group hotel, The Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh, which had been put up for sale by new owners Granada plc. In 2001, following the de-merger of Compass Group from Granada's media interests, the use of the Forte trademark was returned to Sir Rocco Forte in a gesture intended to dispel the bitter legacy of the takeover. In 2003, the company changed its name to Rocco Forte Hotels, and The Rocco Forte Collection on 29 July 2007. The group name then reverted to Rocco Forte Hotels in 2011. The group's sales offices are located in London, Rome, Frankfurt, Moscow, Madrid, New York City and Los Angeles. As a brand of \"Rocco Forte Hotels Limited\", the group owns and manages luxury five-star hotels. Brown's Hotel, Hotel de Rome and Hotel Amigo are members of The Leading Hotels of the World. The Balmoral Hotel, Edinburgh - 1997  Hotel Savoy, Florence - 1997 Hotel Astoria, St Petersburg - 1999 Hotel Amigo, Brussels - 2000  Hotel de Russie, Rome - 2000 Brown\u2019s Hotel, London - 2003 Villa Kennedy, Frankfurt - 2006 Hotel de Rome, Berlin - 2006"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Will Forte began his career in Saturday Nigh Live?", "answer": {"text": "After Will Ferrell left Saturday Night Live in the following spring, Forte joined the cast,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he good in the show?", "answer": {"text": "He was promoted to repertory player after his first year.", "answer_start": 168, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4507c1bc4a7b4f2ba25d948fa5c3e4e1_0_q#3", "question": "Did he have any disguised name in the show?", "rewrite": "Did Will Forte have any disguised name in the Saturday Night Live?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hoping to make his family proud, Tracy searches for a legacy and decides to produce the world's first pornographic video game. Despite Frank's skepticism, Tracy has some success in designing the game by conquering the uncanny valley, a scale on which the strangeness of special effects are measured. A depressed Devon becomes resigned to the fact that Jack will receive the promotion. Don Geiss, however, goes into a diabetic coma, despite the efforts of Dr. Spaceman (Chris Parnell), before he can announce his decision. Devon denies knowing that Geiss had chosen Jack as his successor. The next day, Devon appears in Jack's office, revealing he has convinced the board to put Kathy Geiss (Marceline Hugot), his fianc\u00e9e, in charge, with Devon acting as the power behind the throne. He then kicks Jack out of his office. Chris Parnell, who played Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode, has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\", a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey was the head writer on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1999 until 2006. Various other cast members of \"Saturday Night Live\" have appeared on \"30 Rock\", including Rachel Dratch, Fred Armisen, Kristen Wiig, Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis and Molly Shannon. Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\". Alec Baldwin has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" fourteen times, the second highest number of episodes of any host of the series. \"Succession\" was viewed by an average of 5.5 million American viewers upon its original broadcast. The episode also achieved a 2.8/7 in the key 18- to 49-year-old demographic.", "History of Saturday Night Live (2010\u20132015) This article is about the history of \"Saturday Night Live\" from 2010 through 2015. The 2010\u201311 season of \"Saturday Night Live\" began September 25, 2010 with host Amy Poehler and musical guest Katy Perry. Before the start of the new season, four new cast members were added to fill the gap left behind by Will Forte (who quit the show after eight years), Jenny Slate (who was fired after her first season on the show), Abby Elliott (who was promoted to repertory player), and Bobby Moynihan (also promoted), improv comedians Paul Brittain and Vanessa Bayer, former \"MADtv\" and \"The Amanda Show\" cast member Taran Killam, and stand-up comic/impressionist Jay Pharoah. The opening montage remained the same as the previous season's, but with Will Forte and Jenny Slate removed. Scenes with Vanessa Bayer (sitting at an outdoor cafe), Paul Brittain (riding a bike down Midtown), Taran Killam ( playing table tennis), and Jay Pharoah (showing off his breakdancing moves) were added. The commercial bumpers remained mostly the same as the previous season. All references of \"SNL\"'s 35 years on the air were removed. Some bumpers showcased the host or musical guest(s) moving. \"Featuring\"  The 2011\u201312 season of \"Saturday Night Live\" premiered on September 24, 2011, with host Alec Baldwin and musical guest Radiohead. The opening remains the same as the last two seasons. However, as of the Channing Tatum/Bon Iver episode, featured player Paul Brittain is no longer shown in the featured player montage, as he left the cast after the Daniel Radcliffe/Lana Del Rey episode.", "Chris Parnell, who played Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode, has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\", a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey was the head writer on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1999 until 2006. Various other cast members of \"Saturday Night Live\" have appeared on \"30 Rock\". These cast members include: Rachel Dratch, Fred Armisen, Kristen Wiig, Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis and Molly Shannon. Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\". Alec Baldwin has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" seventeen times, the highest number of episodes of any host of the series. \"Star Wars\" is frequently referenced in \"30 Rock\", beginning with the pilot episode where Tracy Jordan is seen shouting that he is a Jedi. Liz Lemon admits to being a huge fan of \"Star Wars\", saying that she had watched it many times with Pete Hornberger, and saying she dressed up as the \"Star Wars\" character Princess Leia during four Halloweens. Fey, a fan of \"Star Wars\" herself, said that the weekly \"Star Wars\" joke or reference \"started happening organically\" when the crew realized that they had a \"Star Wars\" reference \"in almost every show\". Fey said that from then on \"it became a thing where [they] tried to keep it going\", and that even though they could not include one in every episode, they still had a \"pretty high batting average\". Fey attributed most of the references to Robert Carlock, who she described as \"the resident expert\". \" Star Wars\" is referenced in this episode when Tracy Jordan takes on the identity of the character Chewbacca.", "Later in this episode, the pair reconcile, but only if Tracy allows for Angie to follow him to make sure that he isn't having an affair. Jenna becomes attached to her newly gained fat when a mishap during a sketch, on \"TGS with Tracy Jordan\", brings her large amounts of attention from the public. Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) is still re-adjusting to life outside of a relationship. Chris Parnell, who played Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode, has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\", a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey was the head writer on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1999 until 2006. Various other cast members of \"Saturday Night Live\" have appeared on \"30 Rock\". These cast members include: Rachel Dratch, Fred Armisen, Kristen Wiig, Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis and Molly Shannon. Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\". Alec Baldwin has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" seventeen times, the highest number of episodes of any host of the series. The \"Me Want Food\" T-shirts which Jenna and Liz see in the NBC store, at Rockefeller Center, were made available from the NBC Universal website shortly after the episode aired. Shortly after the episode \"MILF Island\" aired, similar T-shirts were manufactured, featuring the \"MILF Island\" logo. \"Jack Gets in the Game\" brought in an average of 6.6 million American viewers. This episode achieved a 3.0/8 in the key 18\u201349 demographic, a series high in that category.", "Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell was an American television comedy-variety program that ran on ABC from September 1975 to January 1976, hosted by Howard Cosell and executive-produced by Roone Arledge. The series ran for 18 episodes before being cancelled. The show was later remembered by its director Don Mischer as \"one of the greatest disasters in the history of television\", largely because Cosell and Arledge\u2014both veterans of sports broadcasting\u2014were entirely unfamiliar with comedy and variety programming. Despite having highly notable celebrities both as cast members and guests, \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" has never been made available on home video. \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" is consistently confused with the sketch comedy program \"Saturday Night Live\". In October 1975, rival network NBC began airing the late night comedy show \"NBC's Saturday Night\", the creation of producer Lorne Michaels. The shows did not compete for the same time slot. Cosell's \"Saturday Night Live\" aired at 8 p.m. ET/PT, whereas \"NBC's Saturday Night\" aired at 11:30 p.m. After Cosell's show was cancelled, the NBC show was renamed \"Saturday Night Live\". The premiere episode featured celebrity guests Frank Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Paul Anka, Siegfried and Roy, the cast of the Broadway version of \"The Wiz\", tennis pro Jimmy Connors (who sang, while profusely sweating, Anka's \"Girl , You Turn Me On\" as a dedication to his girlfriend Chris Evert. Anka played the piano to accompany Connors), and John Denver. The episode's musical guest was the Bay City Rollers, from Scotland, whom Cosell dubbed \"the next\" British phenomenon."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Will Forte began his career in Saturday Nigh Live?", "answer": {"text": "After Will Ferrell left Saturday Night Live in the following spring, Forte joined the cast,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he good in the show?", "answer": {"text": "He was promoted to repertory player after his first year.", "answer_start": 168, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the audience like him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4507c1bc4a7b4f2ba25d948fa5c3e4e1_0_q#4", "question": "What other shows he made in the SNL?", "rewrite": "Other than Saturday Night Live what other shows Will Forte made?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 4 September he scored 2 goals in a 2\u20132 away draw against Olbia. On 2 October, Forte score again 2 goals in a 4\u20132 away win over Pontedera. On 23 October, Forte score for the third time with Lucchese 2 goals in a match, in a 3\u20130 win over Prato. The first part of the season is very positive thus attracting the attention of clubs in Serie B. At the end of December he was recall to the first team, and he concluded his loan to Lucchese with 21 appearances and 15 goals. On 21 January 2017, Forte was signed by Serie B side Perugia on a 6-month loan. On 23 January, Forte made his Serie B debut for Perugia in a 3\u20133 home draw against Cesena, in this match he scored the final goal in the 75th minute, he was replaced in the 80th minute by Cristian Buonaiuto. On 28 January he played his first entire match for Perugia, a 0\u20130 away draw against Bari. On 4 February, Forte scored twice in a 3\u20132 home win over Brescia. Forte ended his loan to Perugia with 11 appearances and 3 goals. On 12 July 2017, Forte and Raffaele Di Gennaro moved to Spezia on a season-long loan deal. On 5 August, Forte made his debut for Spezia in the second round of Coppa Italia. On 12 August he play in the third round as a substitute replacing Pietro Ceccaroni in the 50th minute in a 2\u20130 away defeat against Sassuolo. On 26 August, Forte made his Serie B debut for Spezia in a 2\u20130 away defeat against Palermo, he was replaced by Antonio Piccolo in the 57th minute.", "On 15 July 2015, as part of the deal of Rey Manaj, Forte and Fabio Eguelfi moved to Cremonese on a 6-month loan deal. On 2 August, Forte made his debut for Cremonese in the first round of Coppa Italia in a match lost 4\u20133 at penalties after a 0\u20130 away draw against Brescia, he was replaced by Simone Magnaghi in the 82nd minute. On 6 September, Forte made his Serie C debut for Cremonese in a 1\u20131 away draw against Bassano Virtus, he played the entire match. On 27 September he score his first goal for Cremonese, as a substitute, in the 90th minute of a 3\u20133 home draw against Mantova. On 10 October, Forte score his second goal, again as a substitute, in the 75th minute of a 1\u20131 away draw against Pordenone. On 15 November he score his third goal in the 19th minute of a 1\u20131 home draw against Padova. Forte ended his loan to Cremonese with 15 appearances and 3 goals. On 12 January 2016, he was signed by Serie C side Teramo on a 6-month loan deal. On 14 January, Forte made his debut for Teramo in Serie C in a 1\u20130 win over Ancona, he played the entire match. On 14 February he scored his first goal for Teramo in the 59th minute in a 2\u20130 home win against Tuttocuoio. Forte concluded his loan to Teramo with 14 appearances, 1 goal and 1 assist. On 22 July 2016, Forte was signed by Lucchese with a season-long loan deal. On 28 August, Forte made his debut for Lucchese in Serie C in a 1\u20131 home draw against Piacenza, he played the entire match.", "Ren\u00e9e Forte Ren\u00e9e Forte Teixeira (born March 27, 1987) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who formerly fought in the lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He was a competitor on \"\". Forte compiled a 7-1 professional record before joining \"The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil\" cast. Forte was selected to compete on the inaugural season of \"The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil\". Forte got into the house with a decision win over Fabio Luiz Vital da Costa. In his opening round fight, Forte was submitted by Daniel Sarafian in the second round with a rear naked choke. Forte made his official UFC debut against castmate S\u00e9rgio Moraes on October 13, 2012 at UFC 153. He lost the fight via submission in the third round. In his next fight, Forte made his lightweight debut against Terry Etim on February 16, 2013 at . He won the fight via unanimous decision. Forte faced John Makdessi on September 21, 2013 at UFC 165. He lost the fight by first round KO. In his fourth UFC fight, Forte faced promotional newcomer Frank Trevino on March 15, 2014 at UFC 171. He lost the fight via unanimous decision, and was subsequently released from the promotion shortly after.", "Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell was an American television comedy-variety program that ran on ABC from September 1975 to January 1976, hosted by Howard Cosell and executive-produced by Roone Arledge. The series ran for 18 episodes before being cancelled. The show was later remembered by its director Don Mischer as \"one of the greatest disasters in the history of television\", largely because Cosell and Arledge\u2014both veterans of sports broadcasting\u2014were entirely unfamiliar with comedy and variety programming. Despite having highly notable celebrities both as cast members and guests, \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" has never been made available on home video. \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" is consistently confused with the sketch comedy program \"Saturday Night Live\". In October 1975, rival network NBC began airing the late night comedy show \"NBC's Saturday Night\", the creation of producer Lorne Michaels. The shows did not compete for the same time slot. Cosell's \"Saturday Night Live\" aired at 8 p.m. ET/PT, whereas \"NBC's Saturday Night\" aired at 11:30 p.m. After Cosell's show was cancelled, the NBC show was renamed \"Saturday Night Live\". The premiere episode featured celebrity guests Frank Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Paul Anka, Siegfried and Roy, the cast of the Broadway version of \"The Wiz\", tennis pro Jimmy Connors (who sang, while profusely sweating, Anka's \"Girl , You Turn Me On\" as a dedication to his girlfriend Chris Evert. Anka played the piano to accompany Connors), and John Denver. The episode's musical guest was the Bay City Rollers, from Scotland, whom Cosell dubbed \"the next\" British phenomenon.", "\"Christmas Special\", \"Se\u00f1or Macho Solo\", \"The Natural Order\", and \"The Moms\". Avery Jessup, fianc\u00e9e of Baldwin's character, was played by actress Elizabeth Banks, who first guest starred as the character in the show's fourth season. This was Banks' tenth time as the Avery character. Banks told Michael Ausiello of \"Entertainment Weekly\" that she approached the \"30 Rock\" staff about making an appearance as she is a fan of the show. \"I definitely put feelers out, like, 'I would love to be on your show.' And they did it. They made it happen! I'm a huge fan, so this is a dream come true. \" Banks also revealed that she has no intention on becoming a series regular, explaining that she has been having \"too much fun\" making films to commit to a television show full-time. Comedian actor Will Forte made his fourth appearance in the show, having guest starred as a different character in the February 1, 2007, episode \"Black Tie\" from the show's first season. In the previous season, Forte played Jenna Maroney's boyfriend and Jenna impersonator. Forte has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\"), a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey, the series creator and lead actress on \"30 Rock\", was the head writer on \"SNL\" from 1999 until 2006. In June 2010, Jane Krakowski, who plays Jenna, confirmed that Forte would reprise his role as her boyfriend in the upcoming season. Carlock also noted in the \"Entertainment Weekly\" interview that the Jenna and Paul characters \"have some ups and downs. He wants to try to be a normal couple, and she is afraid of that level of commitment."], "answer": {"text": "In 2004, he made his film debut in Around the World in 80 Days.", "answer_start": 1027}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Will Forte began his career in Saturday Nigh Live?", "answer": {"text": "After Will Ferrell left Saturday Night Live in the following spring, Forte joined the cast,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he good in the show?", "answer": {"text": "He was promoted to repertory player after his first year.", "answer_start": 168, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the audience like him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any disguised name in the show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4507c1bc4a7b4f2ba25d948fa5c3e4e1_0_q#5", "question": "Did he left the SNL?", "rewrite": "Did Will Forte left the Saturday Night Live?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell was an American television comedy-variety program that ran on ABC from September 1975 to January 1976, hosted by Howard Cosell and executive-produced by Roone Arledge. The series ran for 18 episodes before being cancelled. The show was later remembered by its director Don Mischer as \"one of the greatest disasters in the history of television\", largely because Cosell and Arledge\u2014both veterans of sports broadcasting\u2014were entirely unfamiliar with comedy and variety programming. Despite having highly notable celebrities both as cast members and guests, \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" has never been made available on home video. \"Saturday Night Live with Howard Cosell\" is consistently confused with the sketch comedy program \"Saturday Night Live\". In October 1975, rival network NBC began airing the late night comedy show \"NBC's Saturday Night\", the creation of producer Lorne Michaels. The shows did not compete for the same time slot. Cosell's \"Saturday Night Live\" aired at 8 p.m. ET/PT, whereas \"NBC's Saturday Night\" aired at 11:30 p.m. After Cosell's show was cancelled, the NBC show was renamed \"Saturday Night Live\". The premiere episode featured celebrity guests Frank Sinatra, Shirley Bassey, Paul Anka, Siegfried and Roy, the cast of the Broadway version of \"The Wiz\", tennis pro Jimmy Connors (who sang, while profusely sweating, Anka's \"Girl , You Turn Me On\" as a dedication to his girlfriend Chris Evert. Anka played the piano to accompany Connors), and John Denver. The episode's musical guest was the Bay City Rollers, from Scotland, whom Cosell dubbed \"the next\" British phenomenon.", "MacGruber was shot on a tight schedule of 28 days in Albuquerque, New Mexico, during the summer of 2009. It was written while simultaneously producing the weekly episode of SNL, and the show's production process left the trio deprived of sleep. Forte was positive regarding the film, saying, \"What you see with this movie is exactly what we wanted to do. It's the three of us having a bunch of fun writing it, then having fun making it with a bunch of our friends--old friends and new friends. I think that fun comes across when you watch it. It's rare that you get that kind of creative freedom.\" The film was released in May 2010 and received mixed reviews. It fared worse at the box office, where it failed to recoup its budget and was pulled from theaters after its third week. Forte found the failure tolerable, commenting, \"When you make something that you're really proud of and it doesn't do well, you can live with it.\" The film has since seen more positive reception and has been dubbed a cult classic. Forte left Saturday Night Live, shortly before the beginning of the show's thirty-sixth season in 2010. He felt it the \"right time to go,\" considering his eight-year tenure there, his expansion into film with MacGruber, and his age. In addition, his sister had just had kids and he wanted to move to the West Coast to be closer to them. He soon regretted the decision, calling the following year an \"emotionally trying period,\" as he felt \"devastated\" that he would no longer be on the program. He assumed his shot at a film career was ruined, and he imagined that if acting did not work out, he would return to writing primarily.", "Saturday Night Live (season 36) The thirty-sixth season of \"Saturday Night Live\", an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on NBC between September 25, 2010, and May 21, 2011. This season also debuted a new animated feature voiced by former \"SNL\" cast members, called \"Greetings from American America\", created by former \"SNL\" head writer Fred Wolf. Long-time announcer Don Pardo announced that he would pre-record his parts from his home in Arizona rather than perform live in New York City. Before the beginning of the season cast member Will Forte left the show for total of eight seasons from 2002 to 2010. New cast member Jenny Slate left the show after one season. Cast members Bobby Moynihan and Abby Elliott were upgraded to repertory status while Nasim Pedrad remained a featured player. The show hired four new cast they were improvisers Vanessa Bayer and Paul Brittain from ImprovOlympic; stand-up comic/impressionist Jay Pharoah; and comedic actor Taran Killam of The Groundlings, who, like Jeff Richards was a former cast member on \"SNL\"'s rival sketch show, \"Mad TV\" (Killam was the show's youngest cast member at 19 years old) and, like Kenan Thompson, was a former child actor who starred on a Nickelodeon kids show The Amanda Show. Repertory players Featured players In August 2010, Michaels hired Second City Theater writers Tom Flanigan and Shelly Gossman. Heather Anne Campbell, a performer from the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater in Los Angeles, was also added to the writing staff. Sarah Schneider, a regular writer and performer for CollegeHumor, was a guest writer for the last five episodes of the season before joining full-time for season 37. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>", "History of Saturday Night Live (2010\u20132015) This article is about the history of \"Saturday Night Live\" from 2010 through 2015. The 2010\u201311 season of \"Saturday Night Live\" began September 25, 2010 with host Amy Poehler and musical guest Katy Perry. Before the start of the new season, four new cast members were added to fill the gap left behind by Will Forte (who quit the show after eight years), Jenny Slate (who was fired after her first season on the show), Abby Elliott (who was promoted to repertory player), and Bobby Moynihan (also promoted), improv comedians Paul Brittain and Vanessa Bayer, former \"MADtv\" and \"The Amanda Show\" cast member Taran Killam, and stand-up comic/impressionist Jay Pharoah. The opening montage remained the same as the previous season's, but with Will Forte and Jenny Slate removed. Scenes with Vanessa Bayer (sitting at an outdoor cafe), Paul Brittain (riding a bike down Midtown), Taran Killam ( playing table tennis), and Jay Pharoah (showing off his breakdancing moves) were added. The commercial bumpers remained mostly the same as the previous season. All references of \"SNL\"'s 35 years on the air were removed. Some bumpers showcased the host or musical guest(s) moving. \"Featuring\"  The 2011\u201312 season of \"Saturday Night Live\" premiered on September 24, 2011, with host Alec Baldwin and musical guest Radiohead. The opening remains the same as the last two seasons. However, as of the Channing Tatum/Bon Iver episode, featured player Paul Brittain is no longer shown in the featured player montage, as he left the cast after the Daniel Radcliffe/Lana Del Rey episode.", "Later in this episode, the pair reconcile, but only if Tracy allows for Angie to follow him to make sure that he isn't having an affair. Jenna becomes attached to her newly gained fat when a mishap during a sketch, on \"TGS with Tracy Jordan\", brings her large amounts of attention from the public. Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) is still re-adjusting to life outside of a relationship. Chris Parnell, who played Dr. Leo Spaceman in this episode, has appeared in the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\", a weekly sketch comedy series which airs on NBC in the United States. Tina Fey was the head writer on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1999 until 2006. Various other cast members of \"Saturday Night Live\" have appeared on \"30 Rock\". These cast members include: Rachel Dratch, Fred Armisen, Kristen Wiig, Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis and Molly Shannon. Tina Fey and Tracy Morgan have both been part of the main cast of \"Saturday Night Live\". Alec Baldwin has also hosted \"Saturday Night Live\" seventeen times, the highest number of episodes of any host of the series. The \"Me Want Food\" T-shirts which Jenna and Liz see in the NBC store, at Rockefeller Center, were made available from the NBC Universal website shortly after the episode aired. Shortly after the episode \"MILF Island\" aired, similar T-shirts were manufactured, featuring the \"MILF Island\" logo. \"Jack Gets in the Game\" brought in an average of 6.6 million American viewers. This episode achieved a 3.0/8 in the key 18\u201349 demographic, a series high in that category."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Will Forte began his career in Saturday Nigh Live?", "answer": {"text": "After Will Ferrell left Saturday Night Live in the following spring, Forte joined the cast,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he good in the show?", "answer": {"text": "He was promoted to repertory player after his first year.", "answer_start": 168, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the audience like him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any disguised name in the show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other shows he made in the SNL?", "answer": {"text": "In 2004, he made his film debut in Around the World in 80 Days.", "answer_start": 1027, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed13b5d84a734f7ea95870f831e9e0f0_1_q#0", "question": "Who was the founder of the band Mazzy star ?", "rewrite": "Who was the founder of the band Mazzy star ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, it received an average score of 74 out of 100, based on 4 publications, indicating \"generally favorable\" reviews. It also received a score of 6.4 at AnyDecentMusic?. Tim Sendra of AllMusic called it \"classic Mazzy Star\", elaborating that the band shows \"none of the ravages of time one might expect. They still make beautiful music that weaves a spell that's hard to break, and [Hope] Sandoval and [David] Roback can't seem to shake the effects. After just a few seconds of the first song, around the time Sandoval's voice comes in, the listener will find the old familiar Mazzy Star feeling taking hold once again, just as bewitchingly strong as ever.\" Similarly, Timothy Michalik of \"Under the Radar\" said the EP \"brings forth a certain sense of familiarity and comfort for both long time Mazzy Star fans and newcomers alike.\" He praised \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" as its best song, saying that its \"soft, seraphic piano seems to open up an entirely alternate universe for [the band].\" BrooklynVegan commended the diversity of material found on the release, explaining: \"Since it's just four songs, it's nice that each one is noticeably different from the rest, and each one really stands on its own as a powerful song. With this short EP alone, Mazzy Star remind you that they could never be pigeon-holed.\" A writer for \"Paste\" commented: \"While the sound hasn't changed much, neither has the impact of the music that they've mastered.", "Mazzy Star discography The discography of American alternative rock band Mazzy Star consists of four studio albums, two EPs, twelve singles and eight music videos. The band was formed in 1989 by vocalist Hope Sandoval and guitarist David Roback, after the disbandment of Roback's previous band with vocalist Kendra Smith, Opal. Mazzy Star's debut studio album, \"She Hangs Brightly\", was released by Rough Trade Records in 1990, and eventually spawned two singles: \"Blue Flower\" in 1990 and \"Halah\" in 1995. \"So Tonight That I Might See\" was issued through Capitol Records in 1993. Lead single \"Five String Serenade\" was followed by \"Fade into You\", which remains their biggest hit to date, and their only single to enter the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song also charted in Australia, Canada and the UK. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA for shipments of over a million units, and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry for sales in excess of 60,000 copies in the United Kingdom. \"She's My Baby\" was released as a promotional single. Although never officially released, \"Into Dust\" appeared on several national record charts after it featured in various advertising campaigns: first by Virgin Media in 2009, and later on the \"Dust to Dust\" trailer for \"Gears of War 3\" (2011). Their third studio album, \"Among My Swan\", was released by Capitol in 1996. \"Flowers in December\" was issued as its only official single, followed by the double a-sided promotional release \"I've Been Let Down\" and \"Roseblood\". After a fifteen year absence, the band released the double a-sided single \"Common Burn\" / \"Lay Myself Down\" in 2011.", "Still (Mazzy Star EP) Still is an EP by American alternative rock band Mazzy Star, released on June 1, 2018 by the group's own independent record label, Rhymes of An Hour. It was their first release since the 2013 studio album \"Seasons of Your Day\", and was issued in dedication to founding drummer Keith Mitchell, and stage manager Tom Cashen, both of whom died in 2017. The EP contains a mixture of both new and old material, and received generally positive reviews upon release. The band promoted the release with several concerts at the Sydney Opera House. \" Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was released as its only single. \"Still\" is Mazzy Star's first major release since \"Seasons of Your Day\" in 2013, which was their first studio album in almost two decades. It is also their first release since the death of founding drummer Keith Mitchell in 2017. The EP contains a mix of both new and older material: \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was first performed live by the band during a concert in London in 2000, while \"That Way Again\" has been performed live since 1994. It also contains an alternate version of \"So Tonight That I Might See\", the title track to the band's 1993 studio album. \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was released as a single in April 2018. \"Still\" appeared on streaming services such as Apple Music and Spotify on June 1, in advance of their scheduled appearance at Vivid Live in Sydney. The festival saw the band performing on three consecutive nights at the Sydney Opera House, which were their first Australian concerts ever. It is unknown if they intend to perform further concerts, although vocalist Hope Sandoval has confirmed that the band will release more music \"at some point\". The EP received generally positive reviews.", "Hope Sandoval Hope Sandoval (born June 24, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter who is the lead singer of Mazzy Star and Hope Sandoval & the Warm Inventions. Sandoval has toured and collaborated with other artists, including Massive Attack, for whom she sang \"Paradise Circus\" on the 2010 album \"Heligoland,\" and \"The Spoils\" on the 2016 eponymous single. Hope Sandoval grew up in a Mexican-American family in East Los Angeles, California. She attended Mark Keppel High School. In 1986, she formed the folk music duo Going Home with Sylvia Gomez and sent a demo tape to David Roback. He contacted the duo and suggested that he would \"play guitar for you guys\". The material recorded by Gomez, Sandoval and Roback has yet to be released. Sandoval performed with the band Opal in the late 1980s alongside David Roback and long-time Roback collaborator Kendra Smith. After Smith's abrupt departure during a tour of the UK (hurling her guitar to the floor at the Hammersmith gig), Sandoval took over lead vocals. At the end of the tour, Roback and Sandoval began writing together and formed the alternative rock band Mazzy Star. The first Mazzy Star album, \"She Hangs Brightly\", was released in 1990. While not a commercial success, this album did establish Mazzy Star as a band with a unique sound. The band had a surprise breakthrough hit single released in October 1993. \"Fade into You\" \u2013 from its second album \"So Tonight That I Might See\" \u2013 was recorded one year before it became a success. There is a continuity between the sounds and moods established on Mazzy Star's first two albums and its third, \"Among My Swan\". Mazzy Star went on hiatus in 1997.", "She Hangs Brightly She Hangs Brightly is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band Mazzy Star. It was released on May 21, 1990 by Rough Trade Records and re-released by Capitol Records later in the year. \"Blue Flower\" was released as a single and reached number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart. Four years later, \"Halah\" reached number 19 on the same chart after the success of \"Fade into You\". The album cover is a shot of the interior of H\u00f4tel Tassel in Brussels. It showcases the band's trademark effect with haunting guitar work and lyrics, and Hope Sandoval's detached vocals. David Roback's Robby Krieger-inspired psychedelic blues slide guitar style can be heard on the song \"Free\". \"Ghost Highway\" is another psychedelic rock track, with a fast rhythm. This song dates from the band's days as Opal and was initially slated to be the title track of Opal's second album. While not a commercial success, this album did establish Mazzy Star as a unique band with a unique sound. \"Blue Flower\" is a Slapp Happy cover from the 1972 album \"Sort Of\". In a review for \"Rolling Stone\", Gina Arnold praised \"She Hangs Brightly\" as being \"coldly beautiful\". AllMusic's Jason Ankeny described Hope Sandoval's vocals as \"more sultry\" than those of Opal's Kendra Smith and praised \"Halah\" and \"Blue Flower\" but criticized the album's lack of focus, calling the remaining tunes \"unmemorable\". Kurt Cobain of Nirvana listed \"She Hangs Brightly\" in his top fifty albums of all time. In 2018, \"Pitchfork\" ranked the album at number 29 on its list of the 30 best dream pop albums."], "answer": {"text": "David Roback,", "answer_start": 629}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ed13b5d84a734f7ea95870f831e9e0f0_1_q#1", "question": "What was the band most famous song ?", "rewrite": "What was the band Mazzy Star's most famous song ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She Hangs Brightly She Hangs Brightly is the debut studio album by American alternative rock band Mazzy Star. It was released on May 21, 1990 by Rough Trade Records and re-released by Capitol Records later in the year. \"Blue Flower\" was released as a single and reached number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart. Four years later, \"Halah\" reached number 19 on the same chart after the success of \"Fade into You\". The album cover is a shot of the interior of H\u00f4tel Tassel in Brussels. It showcases the band's trademark effect with haunting guitar work and lyrics, and Hope Sandoval's detached vocals. David Roback's Robby Krieger-inspired psychedelic blues slide guitar style can be heard on the song \"Free\". \"Ghost Highway\" is another psychedelic rock track, with a fast rhythm. This song dates from the band's days as Opal and was initially slated to be the title track of Opal's second album. While not a commercial success, this album did establish Mazzy Star as a unique band with a unique sound. \"Blue Flower\" is a Slapp Happy cover from the 1972 album \"Sort Of\". In a review for \"Rolling Stone\", Gina Arnold praised \"She Hangs Brightly\" as being \"coldly beautiful\". AllMusic's Jason Ankeny described Hope Sandoval's vocals as \"more sultry\" than those of Opal's Kendra Smith and praised \"Halah\" and \"Blue Flower\" but criticized the album's lack of focus, calling the remaining tunes \"unmemorable\". Kurt Cobain of Nirvana listed \"She Hangs Brightly\" in his top fifty albums of all time. In 2018, \"Pitchfork\" ranked the album at number 29 on its list of the 30 best dream pop albums.", "Still (Mazzy Star EP) Still is an EP by American alternative rock band Mazzy Star, released on June 1, 2018 by the group's own independent record label, Rhymes of An Hour. It was their first release since the 2013 studio album \"Seasons of Your Day\", and was issued in dedication to founding drummer Keith Mitchell, and stage manager Tom Cashen, both of whom died in 2017. The EP contains a mixture of both new and old material, and received generally positive reviews upon release. The band promoted the release with several concerts at the Sydney Opera House. \" Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was released as its only single. \"Still\" is Mazzy Star's first major release since \"Seasons of Your Day\" in 2013, which was their first studio album in almost two decades. It is also their first release since the death of founding drummer Keith Mitchell in 2017. The EP contains a mix of both new and older material: \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was first performed live by the band during a concert in London in 2000, while \"That Way Again\" has been performed live since 1994. It also contains an alternate version of \"So Tonight That I Might See\", the title track to the band's 1993 studio album. \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was released as a single in April 2018. \"Still\" appeared on streaming services such as Apple Music and Spotify on June 1, in advance of their scheduled appearance at Vivid Live in Sydney. The festival saw the band performing on three consecutive nights at the Sydney Opera House, which were their first Australian concerts ever. It is unknown if they intend to perform further concerts, although vocalist Hope Sandoval has confirmed that the band will release more music \"at some point\". The EP received generally positive reviews.", "Hope Sandoval Hope Sandoval (born June 24, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter who is the lead singer of Mazzy Star and Hope Sandoval & the Warm Inventions. Sandoval has toured and collaborated with other artists, including Massive Attack, for whom she sang \"Paradise Circus\" on the 2010 album \"Heligoland,\" and \"The Spoils\" on the 2016 eponymous single. Hope Sandoval grew up in a Mexican-American family in East Los Angeles, California. She attended Mark Keppel High School. In 1986, she formed the folk music duo Going Home with Sylvia Gomez and sent a demo tape to David Roback. He contacted the duo and suggested that he would \"play guitar for you guys\". The material recorded by Gomez, Sandoval and Roback has yet to be released. Sandoval performed with the band Opal in the late 1980s alongside David Roback and long-time Roback collaborator Kendra Smith. After Smith's abrupt departure during a tour of the UK (hurling her guitar to the floor at the Hammersmith gig), Sandoval took over lead vocals. At the end of the tour, Roback and Sandoval began writing together and formed the alternative rock band Mazzy Star. The first Mazzy Star album, \"She Hangs Brightly\", was released in 1990. While not a commercial success, this album did establish Mazzy Star as a band with a unique sound. The band had a surprise breakthrough hit single released in October 1993. \"Fade into You\" \u2013 from its second album \"So Tonight That I Might See\" \u2013 was recorded one year before it became a success. There is a continuity between the sounds and moods established on Mazzy Star's first two albums and its third, \"Among My Swan\". Mazzy Star went on hiatus in 1997.", "Mazzy Star discography The discography of American alternative rock band Mazzy Star consists of four studio albums, two EPs, twelve singles and eight music videos. The band was formed in 1989 by vocalist Hope Sandoval and guitarist David Roback, after the disbandment of Roback's previous band with vocalist Kendra Smith, Opal. Mazzy Star's debut studio album, \"She Hangs Brightly\", was released by Rough Trade Records in 1990, and eventually spawned two singles: \"Blue Flower\" in 1990 and \"Halah\" in 1995. \"So Tonight That I Might See\" was issued through Capitol Records in 1993. Lead single \"Five String Serenade\" was followed by \"Fade into You\", which remains their biggest hit to date, and their only single to enter the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song also charted in Australia, Canada and the UK. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA for shipments of over a million units, and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry for sales in excess of 60,000 copies in the United Kingdom. \"She's My Baby\" was released as a promotional single. Although never officially released, \"Into Dust\" appeared on several national record charts after it featured in various advertising campaigns: first by Virgin Media in 2009, and later on the \"Dust to Dust\" trailer for \"Gears of War 3\" (2011). Their third studio album, \"Among My Swan\", was released by Capitol in 1996. \"Flowers in December\" was issued as its only official single, followed by the double a-sided promotional release \"I've Been Let Down\" and \"Roseblood\". After a fifteen year absence, the band released the double a-sided single \"Common Burn\" / \"Lay Myself Down\" in 2011.", "At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, it received an average score of 74 out of 100, based on 4 publications, indicating \"generally favorable\" reviews. It also received a score of 6.4 at AnyDecentMusic?. Tim Sendra of AllMusic called it \"classic Mazzy Star\", elaborating that the band shows \"none of the ravages of time one might expect. They still make beautiful music that weaves a spell that's hard to break, and [Hope] Sandoval and [David] Roback can't seem to shake the effects. After just a few seconds of the first song, around the time Sandoval's voice comes in, the listener will find the old familiar Mazzy Star feeling taking hold once again, just as bewitchingly strong as ever.\" Similarly, Timothy Michalik of \"Under the Radar\" said the EP \"brings forth a certain sense of familiarity and comfort for both long time Mazzy Star fans and newcomers alike.\" He praised \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" as its best song, saying that its \"soft, seraphic piano seems to open up an entirely alternate universe for [the band].\" BrooklynVegan commended the diversity of material found on the release, explaining: \"Since it's just four songs, it's nice that each one is noticeably different from the rest, and each one really stands on its own as a powerful song. With this short EP alone, Mazzy Star remind you that they could never be pigeon-holed.\" A writer for \"Paste\" commented: \"While the sound hasn't changed much, neither has the impact of the music that they've mastered."], "answer": {"text": "\"Flying Low\" and \"Spoon\",", "answer_start": 663}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was the founder of the band Mazzy star ?", "answer": {"text": "David Roback,", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed13b5d84a734f7ea95870f831e9e0f0_1_q#2", "question": "What was the group name before they change it ?", "rewrite": "What was Mazzy Star's name before they changed their name to Mazzy Star?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The craftsmanship of the songs\u2014their mix of longing, weary resignation, and dusty cracks of sunlight\u2014remains at a high level\", awarding the album a score of 7.8 out of 10. Graeme Marsh of musicOHM commented that \"a lot can happen in 17 years, but one thing that doesn't appear to have changed is Mazzy Star's ability to produce beautiful, mesmerising tunes,\" awarding the album four stars out of five. Joe Goggins of The Line of Best Fit said that \"there's nothing particularly new here, nothing cutting edge, but there is beautiful, considered, genuine song-writing, and to greet such art with any kind of disdain would be nothing short of a travesty,\" awarding the album 8.5 out of 10. At \"Alternative Press\", Jason Heller told that \"the band have only gotten smokier and dreamier\", yet wrote that \"Mazzy Star may not have evolved much over the past 17 years, but \"Season Of Your Day\" proves they never, ever need to.\" Other reviews were more critical of the album's lack of experimentation, with Dan Lucas of Drowned in Sound commenting that \"when [Mazzy Star] last released an album together, they were 15 years or so ahead of the game. Ultimately then, no criticism can be afforded them for creating an album that\u2019s probably as good as any you\u2019ll hear in the genre this year. But despite Mazzy Star sounding as good as they always have, the album only goes to show that the rest of the world has finally caught up with them.\" The album debuted at No. 24 on the UK Albums Chart with first week sales of 4,255, making it their highest charting album in the region. The album also debuted at No. 5 on the UK Indie Albums Chart.", "Still (Mazzy Star EP) Still is an EP by American alternative rock band Mazzy Star, released on June 1, 2018 by the group's own independent record label, Rhymes of An Hour. It was their first release since the 2013 studio album \"Seasons of Your Day\", and was issued in dedication to founding drummer Keith Mitchell, and stage manager Tom Cashen, both of whom died in 2017. The EP contains a mixture of both new and old material, and received generally positive reviews upon release. The band promoted the release with several concerts at the Sydney Opera House. \" Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was released as its only single. \"Still\" is Mazzy Star's first major release since \"Seasons of Your Day\" in 2013, which was their first studio album in almost two decades. It is also their first release since the death of founding drummer Keith Mitchell in 2017. The EP contains a mix of both new and older material: \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was first performed live by the band during a concert in London in 2000, while \"That Way Again\" has been performed live since 1994. It also contains an alternate version of \"So Tonight That I Might See\", the title track to the band's 1993 studio album. \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" was released as a single in April 2018. \"Still\" appeared on streaming services such as Apple Music and Spotify on June 1, in advance of their scheduled appearance at Vivid Live in Sydney. The festival saw the band performing on three consecutive nights at the Sydney Opera House, which were their first Australian concerts ever. It is unknown if they intend to perform further concerts, although vocalist Hope Sandoval has confirmed that the band will release more music \"at some point\". The EP received generally positive reviews.", "At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, it received an average score of 74 out of 100, based on 4 publications, indicating \"generally favorable\" reviews. It also received a score of 6.4 at AnyDecentMusic?. Tim Sendra of AllMusic called it \"classic Mazzy Star\", elaborating that the band shows \"none of the ravages of time one might expect. They still make beautiful music that weaves a spell that's hard to break, and [Hope] Sandoval and [David] Roback can't seem to shake the effects. After just a few seconds of the first song, around the time Sandoval's voice comes in, the listener will find the old familiar Mazzy Star feeling taking hold once again, just as bewitchingly strong as ever.\" Similarly, Timothy Michalik of \"Under the Radar\" said the EP \"brings forth a certain sense of familiarity and comfort for both long time Mazzy Star fans and newcomers alike.\" He praised \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" as its best song, saying that its \"soft, seraphic piano seems to open up an entirely alternate universe for [the band].\" BrooklynVegan commended the diversity of material found on the release, explaining: \"Since it's just four songs, it's nice that each one is noticeably different from the rest, and each one really stands on its own as a powerful song. With this short EP alone, Mazzy Star remind you that they could never be pigeon-holed.\" A writer for \"Paste\" commented: \"While the sound hasn't changed much, neither has the impact of the music that they've mastered.", "Hope Sandoval Hope Sandoval (born June 24, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter who is the lead singer of Mazzy Star and Hope Sandoval & the Warm Inventions. Sandoval has toured and collaborated with other artists, including Massive Attack, for whom she sang \"Paradise Circus\" on the 2010 album \"Heligoland,\" and \"The Spoils\" on the 2016 eponymous single. Hope Sandoval grew up in a Mexican-American family in East Los Angeles, California. She attended Mark Keppel High School. In 1986, she formed the folk music duo Going Home with Sylvia Gomez and sent a demo tape to David Roback. He contacted the duo and suggested that he would \"play guitar for you guys\". The material recorded by Gomez, Sandoval and Roback has yet to be released. Sandoval performed with the band Opal in the late 1980s alongside David Roback and long-time Roback collaborator Kendra Smith. After Smith's abrupt departure during a tour of the UK (hurling her guitar to the floor at the Hammersmith gig), Sandoval took over lead vocals. At the end of the tour, Roback and Sandoval began writing together and formed the alternative rock band Mazzy Star. The first Mazzy Star album, \"She Hangs Brightly\", was released in 1990. While not a commercial success, this album did establish Mazzy Star as a band with a unique sound. The band had a surprise breakthrough hit single released in October 1993. \"Fade into You\" \u2013 from its second album \"So Tonight That I Might See\" \u2013 was recorded one year before it became a success. There is a continuity between the sounds and moods established on Mazzy Star's first two albums and its third, \"Among My Swan\". Mazzy Star went on hiatus in 1997.", "In Mazzy Star, Roback plays guitar, keyboard, and piano. He wrote almost all music for Mazzy Star, and he has also produced all their recordings. Roback grew up in Pacific Palisades, California, graduating from Palisades High School in 1975. He started a band called Rain Parade with his brother Steven. They first hit the scene in 1982 as part of a loose aggregate of psychedelic 1960s-influenced guitar bands in Los Angeles, and they were in the forefront of that movement which lasted a couple of years. After Rain Parade's first album and tours, Roback left the band. He then became involved with ex-Dream Syndicate bassist Kendra Smith and formed a new band called Clay Allison in 1983. The recordings from the summer this year remained unreleased until the 1989 release of Opal Early Recordings. After Clay Allison's 1984 tour, the band decided to go with a name change, and went from Clay Allison to Opal, whose sound was defined by Roback's spare, distorted guitar work and Smith's vocals. They released the Northern Line EP in 1985. SST Records signed Opal and released their album Happy Nightmare Baby on December 14, 1987. During the Opal tour in December 1987, Smith left the band. She was replaced by Sandoval, and they toured Europe through early 1988. Roback and Sandoval had an intimate relationship at this time and after Opal was disbanded, they took the remaining members of Opal and changed their name to Mazzy Star. Roback currently resides in London, although he spent most of the past decade living in Norway."], "answer": {"text": "The Warm Inventions", "answer_start": 822}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was the founder of the band Mazzy star ?", "answer": {"text": "David Roback,", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the band most famous song ?", "answer": {"text": "\"Flying Low\" and \"Spoon\",", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed13b5d84a734f7ea95870f831e9e0f0_1_q#3", "question": "What High School did the band leader graduated from ?", "rewrite": "What High School did Mazzy Star's leader graduated from ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hope Sandoval Hope Sandoval (born June 24, 1966) is an American singer-songwriter who is the lead singer of Mazzy Star and Hope Sandoval & the Warm Inventions. Sandoval has toured and collaborated with other artists, including Massive Attack, for whom she sang \"Paradise Circus\" on the 2010 album \"Heligoland,\" and \"The Spoils\" on the 2016 eponymous single. Hope Sandoval grew up in a Mexican-American family in East Los Angeles, California. She attended Mark Keppel High School. In 1986, she formed the folk music duo Going Home with Sylvia Gomez and sent a demo tape to David Roback. He contacted the duo and suggested that he would \"play guitar for you guys\". The material recorded by Gomez, Sandoval and Roback has yet to be released. Sandoval performed with the band Opal in the late 1980s alongside David Roback and long-time Roback collaborator Kendra Smith. After Smith's abrupt departure during a tour of the UK (hurling her guitar to the floor at the Hammersmith gig), Sandoval took over lead vocals. At the end of the tour, Roback and Sandoval began writing together and formed the alternative rock band Mazzy Star. The first Mazzy Star album, \"She Hangs Brightly\", was released in 1990. While not a commercial success, this album did establish Mazzy Star as a band with a unique sound. The band had a surprise breakthrough hit single released in October 1993. \"Fade into You\" \u2013 from its second album \"So Tonight That I Might See\" \u2013 was recorded one year before it became a success. There is a continuity between the sounds and moods established on Mazzy Star's first two albums and its third, \"Among My Swan\". Mazzy Star went on hiatus in 1997.", "At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, it received an average score of 74 out of 100, based on 4 publications, indicating \"generally favorable\" reviews. It also received a score of 6.4 at AnyDecentMusic?. Tim Sendra of AllMusic called it \"classic Mazzy Star\", elaborating that the band shows \"none of the ravages of time one might expect. They still make beautiful music that weaves a spell that's hard to break, and [Hope] Sandoval and [David] Roback can't seem to shake the effects. After just a few seconds of the first song, around the time Sandoval's voice comes in, the listener will find the old familiar Mazzy Star feeling taking hold once again, just as bewitchingly strong as ever.\" Similarly, Timothy Michalik of \"Under the Radar\" said the EP \"brings forth a certain sense of familiarity and comfort for both long time Mazzy Star fans and newcomers alike.\" He praised \"Quiet, the Winter Harbor\" as its best song, saying that its \"soft, seraphic piano seems to open up an entirely alternate universe for [the band].\" BrooklynVegan commended the diversity of material found on the release, explaining: \"Since it's just four songs, it's nice that each one is noticeably different from the rest, and each one really stands on its own as a powerful song. With this short EP alone, Mazzy Star remind you that they could never be pigeon-holed.\" A writer for \"Paste\" commented: \"While the sound hasn't changed much, neither has the impact of the music that they've mastered.", "The craftsmanship of the songs\u2014their mix of longing, weary resignation, and dusty cracks of sunlight\u2014remains at a high level\", awarding the album a score of 7.8 out of 10. Graeme Marsh of musicOHM commented that \"a lot can happen in 17 years, but one thing that doesn't appear to have changed is Mazzy Star's ability to produce beautiful, mesmerising tunes,\" awarding the album four stars out of five. Joe Goggins of The Line of Best Fit said that \"there's nothing particularly new here, nothing cutting edge, but there is beautiful, considered, genuine song-writing, and to greet such art with any kind of disdain would be nothing short of a travesty,\" awarding the album 8.5 out of 10. At \"Alternative Press\", Jason Heller told that \"the band have only gotten smokier and dreamier\", yet wrote that \"Mazzy Star may not have evolved much over the past 17 years, but \"Season Of Your Day\" proves they never, ever need to.\" Other reviews were more critical of the album's lack of experimentation, with Dan Lucas of Drowned in Sound commenting that \"when [Mazzy Star] last released an album together, they were 15 years or so ahead of the game. Ultimately then, no criticism can be afforded them for creating an album that\u2019s probably as good as any you\u2019ll hear in the genre this year. But despite Mazzy Star sounding as good as they always have, the album only goes to show that the rest of the world has finally caught up with them.\" The album debuted at No. 24 on the UK Albums Chart with first week sales of 4,255, making it their highest charting album in the region. The album also debuted at No. 5 on the UK Indie Albums Chart.", "In Mazzy Star, Roback plays guitar, keyboard, and piano. He wrote almost all music for Mazzy Star, and he has also produced all their recordings. Roback grew up in Pacific Palisades, California, graduating from Palisades High School in 1975. He started a band called Rain Parade with his brother Steven. They first hit the scene in 1982 as part of a loose aggregate of psychedelic 1960s-influenced guitar bands in Los Angeles, and they were in the forefront of that movement which lasted a couple of years. After Rain Parade's first album and tours, Roback left the band. He then became involved with ex-Dream Syndicate bassist Kendra Smith and formed a new band called Clay Allison in 1983. The recordings from the summer this year remained unreleased until the 1989 release of Opal Early Recordings. After Clay Allison's 1984 tour, the band decided to go with a name change, and went from Clay Allison to Opal, whose sound was defined by Roback's spare, distorted guitar work and Smith's vocals. They released the Northern Line EP in 1985. SST Records signed Opal and released their album Happy Nightmare Baby on December 14, 1987. During the Opal tour in December 1987, Smith left the band. She was replaced by Sandoval, and they toured Europe through early 1988. Roback and Sandoval had an intimate relationship at this time and after Opal was disbanded, they took the remaining members of Opal and changed their name to Mazzy Star. Roback currently resides in London, although he spent most of the past decade living in Norway.", "Mazzy Star discography The discography of American alternative rock band Mazzy Star consists of four studio albums, two EPs, twelve singles and eight music videos. The band was formed in 1989 by vocalist Hope Sandoval and guitarist David Roback, after the disbandment of Roback's previous band with vocalist Kendra Smith, Opal. Mazzy Star's debut studio album, \"She Hangs Brightly\", was released by Rough Trade Records in 1990, and eventually spawned two singles: \"Blue Flower\" in 1990 and \"Halah\" in 1995. \"So Tonight That I Might See\" was issued through Capitol Records in 1993. Lead single \"Five String Serenade\" was followed by \"Fade into You\", which remains their biggest hit to date, and their only single to enter the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song also charted in Australia, Canada and the UK. The album was certified platinum by the RIAA for shipments of over a million units, and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry for sales in excess of 60,000 copies in the United Kingdom. \"She's My Baby\" was released as a promotional single. Although never officially released, \"Into Dust\" appeared on several national record charts after it featured in various advertising campaigns: first by Virgin Media in 2009, and later on the \"Dust to Dust\" trailer for \"Gears of War 3\" (2011). Their third studio album, \"Among My Swan\", was released by Capitol in 1996. \"Flowers in December\" was issued as its only official single, followed by the double a-sided promotional release \"I've Been Let Down\" and \"Roseblood\". After a fifteen year absence, the band released the double a-sided single \"Common Burn\" / \"Lay Myself Down\" in 2011."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was the founder of the band Mazzy star ?", "answer": {"text": "David Roback,", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the band most famous song ?", "answer": {"text": "\"Flying Low\" and \"Spoon\",", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the group name before they change it ?", "answer": {"text": "The Warm Inventions", "answer_start": 822, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#0", "question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "rewrite": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it.", "In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)", "Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973).", "The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown.", "As the Nick at Nite \"oldies\" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings boosting in demand with cable television networks for over two decades. During the week of Halloween in late October 1990, the network held a special contest, hosted by game show host Wink Martindale, during a marathon of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\". Viewers at home were supposed to keep a running total of total number of deaths on the show. At the end of the marathon, the persons who had gotten the correct total were entered into a drawing to win a prize. As Martindale said, \"it's kind of like guessing the number of jelly beans in a jelly bean jar, but instead of jelly beans, you're using cadavers!\" When new shows are added to the lineup, they are usually accompanied by some kind of marathon that is sometimes hosted by a star from the show. For instance, when \"Newhart\" joined Nick at Nite in the early 1990s, the channel also acquired Bob Newhart's short-lived third sitcom \"Bob\", and ran a block branded \"Bob's Bob, Bob Newhart, Newhart Marathon\", featuring the two shows along with \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (which it already had the rights to broadcast), in an event hosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\"."], "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#1", "question": "Was he influenced by anything?", "rewrite": "Was Bob Newhart influenced by anything?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973).", "Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it.", "The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown.", "As the Nick at Nite \"oldies\" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings boosting in demand with cable television networks for over two decades. During the week of Halloween in late October 1990, the network held a special contest, hosted by game show host Wink Martindale, during a marathon of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\". Viewers at home were supposed to keep a running total of total number of deaths on the show. At the end of the marathon, the persons who had gotten the correct total were entered into a drawing to win a prize. As Martindale said, \"it's kind of like guessing the number of jelly beans in a jelly bean jar, but instead of jelly beans, you're using cadavers!\" When new shows are added to the lineup, they are usually accompanied by some kind of marathon that is sometimes hosted by a star from the show. For instance, when \"Newhart\" joined Nick at Nite in the early 1990s, the channel also acquired Bob Newhart's short-lived third sitcom \"Bob\", and ran a block branded \"Bob's Bob, Bob Newhart, Newhart Marathon\", featuring the two shows along with \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (which it already had the rights to broadcast), in an event hosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\".", "In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)"], "answer": {"text": "cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations.", "answer_start": 474}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than Bob Newhart's initial writing and performance inspirations.?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)", "Newhart is known for his deadpan delivery and a slight stammer which he incorporated early on into the persona around which he built a successful career. On his TV shows, although he got his share of funny lines, he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\" while the sometimes rather bizarre cast members surrounding him got the laughs. Newhart, however, has stated that \"I was not influenced by Jack Benny\" in terms of his style or persona, and cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations. Several of his routines involve hearing one-half of a conversation as he speaks to someone over the phone. In a bit called \"King Kong\", a rookie security guard at the Empire State Building seeks guidance as to how to deal with an ape that is \"between 18 and 19 stories high, depending on whether there's a 13th floor or not.\" He assures his boss he has looked in the guards' manual \"under 'ape' and 'ape's toes'.\" Other famous routines include \"The Driving Instructor\", \"The Mrs. Grace L. Ferguson Airline (and Storm Door Company)\", \"Introducing Tobacco to Civilization\", \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", \"Defusing a Bomb\" (in which an uneasy police chief tries to walk a new and nervous patrolman through defusing a live shell discovered on a beach), \"The Retirement Party\", \"Ledge Psychology\", \"The Krushchev Landing Rehearsal\", and \"A Friend With a Dog.\" In a 2012 podcast interview with Marc Maron, comedian Shelley Berman accused Newhart of plagiarizing his improvisational telephone routine style.", "Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973).", "The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown.", "Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it."], "answer": {"text": "Other famous routines include \"The Driving Instructor\", \"The Mrs. Grace L. Ferguson Airline (and Storm Door Company)\", \"", "answer_start": 995}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he influenced by anything?", "answer": {"text": "cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#3", "question": "did he have any influences", "rewrite": "did Bob Newhart have any influences", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973).", "Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it.", "As the Nick at Nite \"oldies\" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings boosting in demand with cable television networks for over two decades. During the week of Halloween in late October 1990, the network held a special contest, hosted by game show host Wink Martindale, during a marathon of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\". Viewers at home were supposed to keep a running total of total number of deaths on the show. At the end of the marathon, the persons who had gotten the correct total were entered into a drawing to win a prize. As Martindale said, \"it's kind of like guessing the number of jelly beans in a jelly bean jar, but instead of jelly beans, you're using cadavers!\" When new shows are added to the lineup, they are usually accompanied by some kind of marathon that is sometimes hosted by a star from the show. For instance, when \"Newhart\" joined Nick at Nite in the early 1990s, the channel also acquired Bob Newhart's short-lived third sitcom \"Bob\", and ran a block branded \"Bob's Bob, Bob Newhart, Newhart Marathon\", featuring the two shows along with \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (which it already had the rights to broadcast), in an event hosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\".", "In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)", "The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown."], "answer": {"text": "influenced by Jack Benny", "answer_start": 410}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he influenced by anything?", "answer": {"text": "cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Other famous routines include \"The Driving Instructor\", \"The Mrs. Grace L. Ferguson Airline (and Storm Door Company)\", \"", "answer_start": 995, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#4", "question": "How did jack benny influence him?", "rewrite": "How did jack benny influence Bob Newhart?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973).", "The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown.", "Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it.", "As the Nick at Nite \"oldies\" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings boosting in demand with cable television networks for over two decades. During the week of Halloween in late October 1990, the network held a special contest, hosted by game show host Wink Martindale, during a marathon of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\". Viewers at home were supposed to keep a running total of total number of deaths on the show. At the end of the marathon, the persons who had gotten the correct total were entered into a drawing to win a prize. As Martindale said, \"it's kind of like guessing the number of jelly beans in a jelly bean jar, but instead of jelly beans, you're using cadavers!\" When new shows are added to the lineup, they are usually accompanied by some kind of marathon that is sometimes hosted by a star from the show. For instance, when \"Newhart\" joined Nick at Nite in the early 1990s, the channel also acquired Bob Newhart's short-lived third sitcom \"Bob\", and ran a block branded \"Bob's Bob, Bob Newhart, Newhart Marathon\", featuring the two shows along with \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (which it already had the rights to broadcast), in an event hosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\".", "In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)"], "answer": {"text": "Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 236}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he influenced by anything?", "answer": {"text": "cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Other famous routines include \"The Driving Instructor\", \"The Mrs. Grace L. Ferguson Airline (and Storm Door Company)\", \"", "answer_start": 995, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any influences", "answer": {"text": "influenced by Jack Benny", "answer_start": 410, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#5", "question": "Any thing else notable about his style?", "rewrite": "Any thing else notable about Bob Newhart's style other than the influence from Jack Benny? ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown.", "Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it.", "In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)", "As the Nick at Nite \"oldies\" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings boosting in demand with cable television networks for over two decades. During the week of Halloween in late October 1990, the network held a special contest, hosted by game show host Wink Martindale, during a marathon of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\". Viewers at home were supposed to keep a running total of total number of deaths on the show. At the end of the marathon, the persons who had gotten the correct total were entered into a drawing to win a prize. As Martindale said, \"it's kind of like guessing the number of jelly beans in a jelly bean jar, but instead of jelly beans, you're using cadavers!\" When new shows are added to the lineup, they are usually accompanied by some kind of marathon that is sometimes hosted by a star from the show. For instance, when \"Newhart\" joined Nick at Nite in the early 1990s, the channel also acquired Bob Newhart's short-lived third sitcom \"Bob\", and ran a block branded \"Bob's Bob, Bob Newhart, Newhart Marathon\", featuring the two shows along with \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (which it already had the rights to broadcast), in an event hosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\".", "Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973)."], "answer": {"text": "Several of his routines involve hearing one-half of a conversation as he speaks to someone over the phone.", "answer_start": 581}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he influenced by anything?", "answer": {"text": "cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Other famous routines include \"The Driving Instructor\", \"The Mrs. Grace L. Ferguson Airline (and Storm Door Company)\", \"", "answer_start": 995, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any influences", "answer": {"text": "influenced by Jack Benny", "answer_start": 410, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did jack benny influence him?", "answer": {"text": "Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#6", "question": "how wwas his style taken by the public?", "rewrite": "how was Bob Newhart style taken by the public?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973).", "As the Nick at Nite \"oldies\" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings boosting in demand with cable television networks for over two decades. During the week of Halloween in late October 1990, the network held a special contest, hosted by game show host Wink Martindale, during a marathon of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\". Viewers at home were supposed to keep a running total of total number of deaths on the show. At the end of the marathon, the persons who had gotten the correct total were entered into a drawing to win a prize. As Martindale said, \"it's kind of like guessing the number of jelly beans in a jelly bean jar, but instead of jelly beans, you're using cadavers!\" When new shows are added to the lineup, they are usually accompanied by some kind of marathon that is sometimes hosted by a star from the show. For instance, when \"Newhart\" joined Nick at Nite in the early 1990s, the channel also acquired Bob Newhart's short-lived third sitcom \"Bob\", and ran a block branded \"Bob's Bob, Bob Newhart, Newhart Marathon\", featuring the two shows along with \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (which it already had the rights to broadcast), in an event hosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\".", "In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)", "Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it.", "The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown."], "answer": {"text": "he incorporated early on into the persona around which he built a successful career.", "answer_start": 69}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he influenced by anything?", "answer": {"text": "cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Other famous routines include \"The Driving Instructor\", \"The Mrs. Grace L. Ferguson Airline (and Storm Door Company)\", \"", "answer_start": 995, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any influences", "answer": {"text": "influenced by Jack Benny", "answer_start": 410, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did jack benny influence him?", "answer": {"text": "Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any thing else notable about his style?", "answer": {"text": "Several of his routines involve hearing one-half of a conversation as he speaks to someone over the phone.", "answer_start": 581, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ff03ffb4db64ea7b84f01f5e3ae1a58_0_q#7", "question": "did he preform with anyone else?", "rewrite": "did Bob Newhart preform with anyone else other than benny?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the 1987 \"ALF\" episode entitled \"Going Out of My Head Over You\", Willie visits a psychologist, Dr. Lawrence \"Larry\" Dykstra, portrayed by Bill Daily. Jack Riley is in the waiting room, apparently portraying Elliot Carlin. Also in this episode, ALF mentions learning about psychology by watching episodes of \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Newhart (1988 and 1990) Riley appears in a 1988 episode of \"Newhart\", playing an unnamed character who acts very much like Mr. Carlin. This character is being treated by the same therapist in Vermont whom Dick Loudon (Bob Newhart) visits for marriage counseling. Dick feels he recognizes Riley's character, but cannot place his face; whereupon the unnamed patient insults him. Echoing Carlin's statement from the 1985 \"St. Elsewhere\", the therapist apologizes for her patient, explaining that it has taken her \"years to undo the damage caused by some quack in Chicago.\" Tom Poston, who played Cliff \"The Peeper\" Murdock, Bob's college friend from Vermont, played \"George\" the resident handyman from Vermont, throughout the Newhart series. Later, Bob Newhart and Suzanne Pleshette reprised their roles from the show for the 1990 finale of \"Newhart\", in which it was revealed that the entire \"Newhart\" series had been just Bob Hartley's dream. Bob and Emily awake in a room identical in appearance to their Chicago bedroom from \"The Bob Newhart Show\". This plot device had previously been used in the season five finale (\"You're Having My Hartley\") in which Emily is pregnant. At the end, the pregnancy is revealed to be a dream. The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special (1991)", "The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special The Bob Newhart Show: The 19th Anniversary Special is a 1991 American television special that reunited the cast of the 1972\u20131978 sitcom \"The Bob Newhart Show\". It was taped in front of a live audience on October 30, 1991 at CBS Studio Center in Studio City, California and broadcast on CBS on November 23, 1991. After an opening monologue by Bob Newhart, the show begins with a continuation from the series finale of \"Newhart\" when it was revealed that the entire series was a dream experienced by Newhart's character Dr. Bob Hartley (\"The Bob Newhart Show\") in which he was an inn-keeper in a small Vermont town. The show is set in Chicago in the same office that Bob Hartley had on \"The Bob Newhart Show\". Bob goes to work and is greeted by his receptionist Carol Kester Bondurant (Marcia Wallace), who reminds him that it is the 20th anniversary of the start of his practice at the office (although Bob corrects her and notes that it is only 19 years). His wife Emily (Suzanne Pleshette) comes to visit to congratulate him, but Bob is disturbed over the dream he had, believing that it indicates he might be losing his mind. Emily decides to psychoanalyze Bob's dream to see what it means. Dr. Jerry Robinson (Peter Bonerz) visits them and Emily tells him about the dream ; Jerry believes that such a dream was inevitable due to Bob's line of work. Howard Borden (Bill Daily) enters as well and at one point recalls he once had a similar dream of having been an astronaut in Florida for five years as scenes from \"I Dream of Jeannie\" featuring Daily as Major Roger Healey are shown.", "Hi, Bob  Hi, Bob is a drinking game in which players watch \"The Bob Newhart Show\" and consume alcohol whenever a character utters the phrase \"Hi, Bob\". Believed to have originated on American university campuses in the 1980s, it is thought to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. \"The Bob Newhart Show\" was an American television program which aired on CBS between 1972 and 1978, subsequently running in syndication for many years thereafter. At various points during episodes of the program, characters would greet the main character, Bob Hartley (portrayed by Bob Newhart), by saying \" \"Hi, Bob\"\". \"Hi, Bob\" is believed to be the first documented instance of a drinking game using prompts from a television show to initiate player action. It may have originated among university students in the 1980s in the United States, who used a line in \"The Bob Newhart Show\" as inspiration for the game rules. In 1984 United Press International, citing a just-published book by Lisa Birnbach prepared from two years of her field research on U.S. university campuses, reported it was a \"new game on campus\". Bob Newhart has said he believes the game may have started at Southern Methodist University. The February 11, 1995, episode of \"Saturday Night Live\", hosted by Bob Newhart, included a sketch starring Chris Farley and Chris Elliott in which the pair played \"Hi, Bob\". In a 1998 column Frazier Moore described it as a \"classic drinking game\", with the implication it was no longer regularly played. Bob Newhart has partly credited the syndicated appeal of his eponymous television show to \"Hi, Bob\". During a 2001 interview, however, he also expressed concern that players might drive after playing it.", "As the Nick at Nite \"oldies\" format was adapted from radio, they suggested the multi-hour (sometimes multi-day) marathon might also work with television programming. The marathon format proved successful and became a ratings boosting in demand with cable television networks for over two decades. During the week of Halloween in late October 1990, the network held a special contest, hosted by game show host Wink Martindale, during a marathon of \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\". Viewers at home were supposed to keep a running total of total number of deaths on the show. At the end of the marathon, the persons who had gotten the correct total were entered into a drawing to win a prize. As Martindale said, \"it's kind of like guessing the number of jelly beans in a jelly bean jar, but instead of jelly beans, you're using cadavers!\" When new shows are added to the lineup, they are usually accompanied by some kind of marathon that is sometimes hosted by a star from the show. For instance, when \"Newhart\" joined Nick at Nite in the early 1990s, the channel also acquired Bob Newhart's short-lived third sitcom \"Bob\", and ran a block branded \"Bob's Bob, Bob Newhart, Newhart Marathon\", featuring the two shows along with \"The Bob Newhart Show\" (which it already had the rights to broadcast), in an event hosted by Bob Newhart. Nick at Nite's debut of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" was called the \"Marython\".", "Newhart became famous mostly on the strength of his audio releases, in which he played a solo \"straight man\". Newhart's routine was to portray one end of a conversation (usually a phone call), playing the comedic straight man and implying what the other person was saying. His 1960 comedy album, The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart, was the first comedy album to make number one on the Billboard charts. The album received the 1961 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The album peaked at number two in the UK Albums Chart. Newhart also won Best New Artist. Newhart told a 2005 interviewer for PBS's American Masters that his favorite stand-up routine is \"Abe Lincoln vs. Madison Avenue\", which appears on this album. In the routine, a slick promoter has to deal with the reluctance of the eccentric President to agree to efforts to boost his image. The routine was suggested to Newhart by Chicago TV director and future comedian Bill Daily, who was Newhart's castmate on the 1970s The Bob Newhart Show for CBS. Newhart became known for using an intentional stammer, in service to his unique combination of politeness and disbelief at what he was supposedly hearing. Newhart has used the delivery throughout his career. The follow-up album, The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back, was released six months later and won Best Comedy Performance - Spoken Word that same year. Subsequent comedy albums include Behind the Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart (1961), The Button-Down Mind on TV (1962), Bob Newhart Faces Bob Newhart (1964), The Windmills Are Weakening (1965), This Is It (1967), Best of Bob Newhart (1971), and Very Funny Bob Newhart (1973)."], "answer": {"text": "tradition of being the \"straight man\" while the sometimes rather bizarre cast members surrounding him got the laughs.", "answer_start": 247}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bob Newhart's style focused on?", "answer": {"text": "he worked often in the Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he influenced by anything?", "answer": {"text": "cites George Gobel and the comedy team of Bob and Ray as his initial writing and performance inspirations.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Other famous routines include \"The Driving Instructor\", \"The Mrs. Grace L. Ferguson Airline (and Storm Door Company)\", \"", "answer_start": 995, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any influences", "answer": {"text": "influenced by Jack Benny", "answer_start": 410, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did jack benny influence him?", "answer": {"text": "Jack Benny tradition of being the \"straight man\"", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any thing else notable about his style?", "answer": {"text": "Several of his routines involve hearing one-half of a conversation as he speaks to someone over the phone.", "answer_start": 581, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how wwas his style taken by the public?", "answer": {"text": "he incorporated early on into the persona around which he built a successful career.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#0", "question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "rewrite": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Oriental Crisis of 1840 The Oriental Crisis of 1840 was an episode in the Egyptian\u2013Ottoman War in the eastern Mediterranean, triggered by the self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan Muhammad Ali Pasha's aims to establish a personal empire in the Ottoman province of Egypt. In the preceding decades, Muhammad Ali had expanded and strengthened his hold on Ottoman territory, beginning with Egypt where he acted as a viceroy for the Sultan. Called upon to assist the Ottomans in the Greek War of Independence, Muhammad Ali in return demanded parts of Ottoman Syria to be transferred to his personal rule. When the war ended and the Porte didn't live up to its promise, Muhammad Ali launched a military campaign against his Ottoman masters and easily took most of the Syrian lands. In 1839, the Ottoman Empire attempted to retake Syria from Muhammad Ali but was defeated by his son, Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Nezib. Following this, a new war between Muhammad Ali and the Ottomans escalated, with the latter once again failing to wage it successfully. In June 1840, the entire Ottoman navy defected to Muhammad Ali and the French planned to offer full support to Muhammad Ali's cause. On the verge of total collapse and defeat to Muhammad Ali, an alliance of European powers comprising Britain, the Austrian Empire, Prussia and Russia decided to intervene on behalf of the young Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid I.  By the Convention of London, signed on 15 July 1840, the Great Powers offered Muhammad Ali and his heirs permanent control over Egypt, Sudan, and the Eyalet of Acre, provided that these territories would nominally remain part of the Ottoman Empire. If he did not accept the withdrawal of his forces within ten days, he would lose the offer in southern Syria; if he delayed acceptance more than 20 days, he would forfeit everything offered.", "List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty  Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty reigned over Egypt from 1805 to 1953. Their rule also extended to Sudan throughout much of this period, as well as to the Levant, and Hejaz during the first half of the 19th century. The Muhammad Ali dynasty was founded by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian commander in the expeditionary force sent by the Ottoman Empire in 1801 to dislodge the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte. The defeat and departure of the French left a power vacuum in Egypt, which had been an Ottoman province since the 16th century, but in which the pre-Ottoman Mamluk military caste maintained considerable power. After a three-year civil war, Muhammad Ali managed to consolidate his control over Egypt, and declared himself Khedive of the country. The Ottoman Porte refused to acknowledge this title, instead recognizing Muhammad Ali by the more junior title of \"W\u0101li\" (meaning governor or viceroy) on 18 June 1805, making Muhammad Ali the successor to Ahmad Khurshid Pasha in that position. In the years following his consolidation of power, Muhammad Ali extended Egypt's borders south into Sudan, and eastwards into the Arab Mashreq, particularly the Levant. In 1840, his demand for hereditary control of Egypt and Sudan to be passed to his heirs and successors was accepted and confirmed by the Convention of London, but he was compelled to agree that, upon his death, control over his territories in the Mashreq would revert to the Porte. Muhammad Ali had a 43-year reign, the longest in the history of modern Egypt. Called the \"father of modern Egypt,\" he is viewed as the dynasty's most important ruler, due to his massive agricultural, administrative, and military reforms. His son, Ibrahim Pasha, was the shortest-reigning monarch of the dynasty.", "Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (  15 July 1905 \u2013 2 December 1982), best known as Muhammad Ali, was the fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan , appointed on 12 August 1955 until being removed through a successful passage of vote of no confidence motion in the National Assembly on 12 September 1956. His credibility is noted for promulgating the first set of the Constitution of Pakistan lost political endorsement from his party when failing to investigate the allegations on vote rigging and the secret defections in favor of the Republican Party. Muhammad Ali was born in Jullundar, Punjab in India on 15 July 1905. His family were Gujjar clan. The \"prefix\", Chaudhry, added before his name to represent his family's land holding status. After his matriculation, Muhammad Ali showed great aptitude for science, first moving to attend the Punjab University in Lahore where he read and graduated with BSc degree in Chemistry in 1925. In 1927, Muhammad Ali attained MSc in Chemistry from Punjab University, and lectured at the Islamia College until 1928. In 1928, Muhammad Ali went to join the Indian Civil Service, first working as an accountant at the Audit and Accounts Service and was deputed to audit the Bahawalpur state. In 1936, Muhammad Ali was moved as Private Secretary to James Grigg, the Finance minister of India, who later appointed him as the First Indian financial adviser when Grigg was appointed as the War Secretary in 1945. In 1946-47, Muhammad Ali was selected to serve as one of two secretaries to the presided over by Lord Mountbatten, later appointed as Finance Secretary at the Ministry of Finance. Over this issue of partition, Muhammad Ali worked with H.M. Patel and Walter Christir to prepare a document titled \"The Administrative Consequences of Partition\".", "During this period of turmoil Muhammad Ali used his loyal Albanian troops to work with both sides, gaining power and prestige for himself. As the conflict drew on, the local populace grew weary of the power struggle. In 1801, he allied with the Egyptian leader Umar Makram and Egypt's Grand Imam of al-Azhar. During the infighting between the Ottomans and Mamluks between 1801 and 1805, Muhammad Ali carefully acted to gain the support of the general public. In 1805, a group of prominent Egyptians led by the ulema demanded the replacement of \"W\u0101li\" (viceroy) Ahmad Khurshid Pasha by Muhammad Ali, and the Ottomans yielded. In 1809, though, Ali exiled Makram to Damietta. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Makram had discovered Muhammad Ali's intentions to seize power for himself. Sultan Selim III could not oppose Muhammad Ali's ascension. By appearing as the champion of the people Muhammad Ali was able to forestall popular opposition until he had consolidated his power. The Mamluks still posed the greatest threat to Muhammad Ali. They controlled Egypt for more than 600 years, and over that time they extended their rule systematically south along the Nile River to Upper Egypt. Muhammad Ali's approach was to eliminate the Mamluk leadership, then move against the rank and file. Muhammad Ali invited the Mamluk leaders to a celebration at the Cairo Citadel in honour of his son, Tusun Pasha, who was to lead a military expedition into Arabia. The event was held on March 1, 1811. When the Mamluks had gathered at the Citadel, and were surrounded by Muhammad Ali's troops, he had his troops kill them. After the leaders were killed, Muhammad Ali dispatched his army throughout Egypt to rout the remainder of the Mamluk forces.", "History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty The history of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty (1805\u20131953) spanned the later period of Ottoman Egypt, the Khedivate of Egypt under British patronage, and the nominally independent Sultanate of Egypt and Kingdom of Egypt, ending with the Revolution of 1952 and the formation of the Republic of Egypt. The process of Muhammad Ali's seizure of power was a long three way civil war between the Ottoman Turks, Egyptian Mamluks, and Albanian mercenaries. It lasted from 1803 to 1807 with the Albanian Muhammad Ali Pasha taking control of Egypt in 1805, when the Ottoman Sultan acknowledged his position. Thereafter, Muhammad Ali was the undisputed master of Egypt, and his efforts henceforth were directed primarily to the maintenance of his practical independence. Ottoman-Saudi war in 1811\u201318 was fought between Egypt under the reign of Muhammad Ali (nominally under Ottoman rule) and the Wahabbis of Najd who had conquered Hejaz from the Ottomans. When Wahabis captured Mecca in 1802, the Ottoman sultan ordered Muhammad Ali of Egypt to start moving against Wahabbis to re-conquer Mecca and return the honour of the Ottoman Empire. Acknowledging the sovereignty of the Ottoman Sultan, and at the commands of the Ottoman Porte, in 1811 Muhammad Ali dispatched an army of 20,000 men (and 2,000 horses) under the command of his son Tusun, a youth of sixteen, against the Saudis in the Ottoman\u2013Saudi War. After a successful advance this force met with a serious repulse at the Battle of Al-Safra, and retreated to Yanbu. In the end of the year Tusun, having received reinforcements, again assumed the offensive and captured Medina after a prolonged siege. He next took Jeddah and Mecca, defeating the Saudi beyond the latter and capturing their general."], "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#1", "question": "What did he do?", "rewrite": "What did Muhammad Ali do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During this period of turmoil Muhammad Ali used his loyal Albanian troops to work with both sides, gaining power and prestige for himself. As the conflict drew on, the local populace grew weary of the power struggle. In 1801, he allied with the Egyptian leader Umar Makram and Egypt's Grand Imam of al-Azhar. During the infighting between the Ottomans and Mamluks between 1801 and 1805, Muhammad Ali carefully acted to gain the support of the general public. In 1805, a group of prominent Egyptians led by the ulema demanded the replacement of \"W\u0101li\" (viceroy) Ahmad Khurshid Pasha by Muhammad Ali, and the Ottomans yielded. In 1809, though, Ali exiled Makram to Damietta. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Makram had discovered Muhammad Ali's intentions to seize power for himself. Sultan Selim III could not oppose Muhammad Ali's ascension. By appearing as the champion of the people Muhammad Ali was able to forestall popular opposition until he had consolidated his power. The Mamluks still posed the greatest threat to Muhammad Ali. They controlled Egypt for more than 600 years, and over that time they extended their rule systematically south along the Nile River to Upper Egypt. Muhammad Ali's approach was to eliminate the Mamluk leadership, then move against the rank and file. Muhammad Ali invited the Mamluk leaders to a celebration at the Cairo Citadel in honour of his son, Tusun Pasha, who was to lead a military expedition into Arabia. The event was held on March 1, 1811. When the Mamluks had gathered at the Citadel, and were surrounded by Muhammad Ali's troops, he had his troops kill them. After the leaders were killed, Muhammad Ali dispatched his army throughout Egypt to rout the remainder of the Mamluk forces.", "Oriental Crisis of 1840 The Oriental Crisis of 1840 was an episode in the Egyptian\u2013Ottoman War in the eastern Mediterranean, triggered by the self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan Muhammad Ali Pasha's aims to establish a personal empire in the Ottoman province of Egypt. In the preceding decades, Muhammad Ali had expanded and strengthened his hold on Ottoman territory, beginning with Egypt where he acted as a viceroy for the Sultan. Called upon to assist the Ottomans in the Greek War of Independence, Muhammad Ali in return demanded parts of Ottoman Syria to be transferred to his personal rule. When the war ended and the Porte didn't live up to its promise, Muhammad Ali launched a military campaign against his Ottoman masters and easily took most of the Syrian lands. In 1839, the Ottoman Empire attempted to retake Syria from Muhammad Ali but was defeated by his son, Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Nezib. Following this, a new war between Muhammad Ali and the Ottomans escalated, with the latter once again failing to wage it successfully. In June 1840, the entire Ottoman navy defected to Muhammad Ali and the French planned to offer full support to Muhammad Ali's cause. On the verge of total collapse and defeat to Muhammad Ali, an alliance of European powers comprising Britain, the Austrian Empire, Prussia and Russia decided to intervene on behalf of the young Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid I.  By the Convention of London, signed on 15 July 1840, the Great Powers offered Muhammad Ali and his heirs permanent control over Egypt, Sudan, and the Eyalet of Acre, provided that these territories would nominally remain part of the Ottoman Empire. If he did not accept the withdrawal of his forces within ten days, he would lose the offer in southern Syria; if he delayed acceptance more than 20 days, he would forfeit everything offered.", "Many of these were freed by or fled with the British, while others held Minya between Upper and Lower Egypt. Amid these disturbances, Husrev Pasha attempted to disband his Albanian bashi-bazouks (soldiers) without pay. This led to rioting that drove Husrev Pasha from Cairo. During the ensuing turmoil, the Porte sent Muhammad Ali Pasha to Egypt. However, Muhammad Ali seized control of Egypt, declaring himself ruler of Egypt and quickly consolidating an independent local powerbase. After repeated failed attempts to remove and kill him, in 1805, the Porte officially recognised Muhammad Ali as W\u0101li of Egypt. Demonstrating his grander ambitions, Muhammad Ali Pasha claimed for himself the higher title of Khedive (Viceroy), ruling the self-proclaimed (but not recognised) Khedivate of Egypt. He murdered the remaining Mamluk beys in 1811, solidifying his own control of Egypt. He is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms he instituted in the military, agricultural, economic and cultural spheres. During Muhammad Ali's absence in Arabia his representative at Cairo had completed the confiscation, begun in 1808, of almost all the lands belonging to private individuals, who were forced to accept instead inadequate pensions. By this revolutionary method of land nationalization Muhammad Ali became proprietor of nearly all the soil of Egypt, an iniquitous measure against which the Egyptians had no remedy. The pasha also attempted to reorganize his troops on European lines, but this led to a formidable mutiny in Cairo. Muhammad Ali's life was endangered, and he sought refuge by night in the citadel, while the soldiery committed many acts of plunder. The revolt was reduced by presents to the chiefs of the insurgents, and Muhammad Ali ordered that the sufferers by the disturbances should receive compensation from the treasury.", "Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (  15 July 1905 \u2013 2 December 1982), best known as Muhammad Ali, was the fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan , appointed on 12 August 1955 until being removed through a successful passage of vote of no confidence motion in the National Assembly on 12 September 1956. His credibility is noted for promulgating the first set of the Constitution of Pakistan lost political endorsement from his party when failing to investigate the allegations on vote rigging and the secret defections in favor of the Republican Party. Muhammad Ali was born in Jullundar, Punjab in India on 15 July 1905. His family were Gujjar clan. The \"prefix\", Chaudhry, added before his name to represent his family's land holding status. After his matriculation, Muhammad Ali showed great aptitude for science, first moving to attend the Punjab University in Lahore where he read and graduated with BSc degree in Chemistry in 1925. In 1927, Muhammad Ali attained MSc in Chemistry from Punjab University, and lectured at the Islamia College until 1928. In 1928, Muhammad Ali went to join the Indian Civil Service, first working as an accountant at the Audit and Accounts Service and was deputed to audit the Bahawalpur state. In 1936, Muhammad Ali was moved as Private Secretary to James Grigg, the Finance minister of India, who later appointed him as the First Indian financial adviser when Grigg was appointed as the War Secretary in 1945. In 1946-47, Muhammad Ali was selected to serve as one of two secretaries to the presided over by Lord Mountbatten, later appointed as Finance Secretary at the Ministry of Finance. Over this issue of partition, Muhammad Ali worked with H.M. Patel and Walter Christir to prepare a document titled \"The Administrative Consequences of Partition\".", "List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty  Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty reigned over Egypt from 1805 to 1953. Their rule also extended to Sudan throughout much of this period, as well as to the Levant, and Hejaz during the first half of the 19th century. The Muhammad Ali dynasty was founded by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian commander in the expeditionary force sent by the Ottoman Empire in 1801 to dislodge the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte. The defeat and departure of the French left a power vacuum in Egypt, which had been an Ottoman province since the 16th century, but in which the pre-Ottoman Mamluk military caste maintained considerable power. After a three-year civil war, Muhammad Ali managed to consolidate his control over Egypt, and declared himself Khedive of the country. The Ottoman Porte refused to acknowledge this title, instead recognizing Muhammad Ali by the more junior title of \"W\u0101li\" (meaning governor or viceroy) on 18 June 1805, making Muhammad Ali the successor to Ahmad Khurshid Pasha in that position. In the years following his consolidation of power, Muhammad Ali extended Egypt's borders south into Sudan, and eastwards into the Arab Mashreq, particularly the Levant. In 1840, his demand for hereditary control of Egypt and Sudan to be passed to his heirs and successors was accepted and confirmed by the Convention of London, but he was compelled to agree that, upon his death, control over his territories in the Mashreq would revert to the Porte. Muhammad Ali had a 43-year reign, the longest in the history of modern Egypt. Called the \"father of modern Egypt,\" he is viewed as the dynasty's most important ruler, due to his massive agricultural, administrative, and military reforms. His son, Ibrahim Pasha, was the shortest-reigning monarch of the dynasty."], "answer": {"text": "winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker.", "answer_start": 54}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#2", "question": "//what was the decisions about", "rewrite": "//what was the decisions Muhammad Ali won over Tunney Hunsaker about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cassius Clay vs. Tunney Hunsaker Olympic Light heavyweight boxing champion Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) fought Tunney Hunsaker in a six-round match on October 29, 1960. Clay won the bout through a unanimous decision on points. This was Ali's first fight as a professional. Hunsaker was a part time boxer who was for many years a respected police officer in Fayetteville, West Virginia. He also helped to train young fighters and he and Ali were friends for many years afterwards. In a 1980 Sports Illustrated article, Hunsaker said he didn't agree with Ali refusing to be drafted during the Vietnam war, but he still respected him greatly as a fighter and as a man.", "Boxing career of Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali is regarded by boxing commentators and historians as one of the greatest professional boxers of all time. Boxing magazine \"The Ring\" named him number one in a 1998 ranking of greatest heavyweights from all eras. In 1999, \"The Associated Press\" voted Ali the number one heavyweight of the 20th century. In 1999, Ali was named the second greatest boxer in history, pound for pound, by ESPN; behind only welterweight and middleweight legend Sugar Ray Robinson. In December 2007, ESPN listed Ali second in its choice of the greatest heavyweights of all time, behind Joe Louis. Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960, winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker. From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19\u20130 with 15 wins by knockout. He defeated boxers including Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match. These early fights were not without trials. Clay was knocked down by both Sonny Banks and Cooper. In the Cooper fight, Clay was floored by a left hook at the end of round four and was saved by the bell, going on to win in the predicted 5th round due to Cooper's severely cut eye. The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch. The number two and three heavyweight contenders respectively, Clay and Jones fought on Jones' home turf at New York's Madison Square Garden. Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos and a rain of debris thrown into the ring.", "Facing Ali (book) Facing Ali is a 2002 book authored by Stephen Brunt; it is about fifteen different fighters from around the world who battled with Muhammad Ali in boxing fights. In each chapter of the book, one of the selected fighters recalls the experience of fighting with Ali. The profiled fighters include Ali's famous opponents like George Foreman, Joe Frazier, and Ken Norton; and also the relatively obscure like the German butcher Jurgen Blin who \"was back at work at the sausage factory\" after having fought with Ali the previous day. Other fighters profiled in the book include Tunney Hunsaker, Jean Pierre Coopman, Henry Cooper, Ron Lyle, Chuck Wepner, George Chuvalo and Larry Holmes. According to the \"Houston Chronicle\":", "Tunney Hunsaker Tunney Morgan Hunsaker (September 1, 1930 \u2013 April 27, 2005) was a mid-20th century American professional boxer, who also served as the Police Chief of Fayetteville, West Virginia. He was born in the Western Kentucky town of Princeton, in Caldwell County. In his youth he served in the United States Air Force, stationed at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. In 1960, Hunsaker was Cassius Clay's (later Muhammad Ali) first opponent in a professional boxing bout. After the fight Hunsaker said, \"Clay was as fast as lightning ... I tried every trick I knew to throw at him off balance but he was just too good\". In a thumbnail profile of the fight the following January, young Cassius was reported as having remarked that Hunsaker's style was far different from what Clay had been exposed to as an amateur and Olympian; the young fighter admitted to nervousness going in, and that Hunsaker's aforementioned pro style, had given him trouble. This respect appears genuine, as it was lasting\u2014in his autobiography, Ali said Hunsaker dealt him one of the hardest body blows he ever took in his career. Ali and Hunsaker became good friends and stayed in touch over the years. Hunsaker said he did not agree with Ali's decision to refuse military service, but praised him as a great humanitarian and athlete. In the fight game, Hunsaker was a small heavyweight, perhaps better suited for light-heavy classification (175 lbs. limit); today, he would most likely compete as a cruiserweight (190 lbs. limit). He fought as a boxer-puncher, by his own telling. Hunsaker once appeared on the undercard at Madison Square Garden.", "His most notable boxers were welterweight contender Rudell Stitch, future WBA World Heavyweight Champion Jimmy Ellis and Mayfield Pennington, who defeated former World Welterweight and Middleweight Champion Emile Griffith. Muhammad Ali, then known as Cassius Clay, occasionally trained at Bruner's gym. His first gym workout after winning an Olympic gold medal in 1960 was at Bruner's Headline Gym. Larry Boeck wrote in the October 9, 1960, edition of the \"Courier-Journal\": \"Clay gives the impression, when Bruner's name is injected into the conversation, that he respects the ring knowledge of Bud in both matters of boxing technique and of integrity and astuteness in the often shady world of ring manipulations. \" When Ali turned professional, Bruner arranged for Tunney Hunsaker to be his first opponent. Bruner also worked Hunsaker's corner for the fight, which Ali won by decision. Bruner suffered a spinal cord injury when he fell down the stairs at his gym in 1985. The injury left him confined to a wheelchair, but he continued to manage and train boxers until the fall of 1994."], "answer": {"text": "fights", "answer_start": 454}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do?", "answer": {"text": "winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#3", "question": "What are some interesting aspects about this article", "rewrite": "What are some interesting aspects about this article", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She said the sudden responsibilities they faced, the need to make the right decisions, and the fact they both grieved over past lovers helped connect them further, and it is a connection they do not have with others. Rothenberg originally stated that while he would not go as far to say that it was love at first sight for Lexa, \"it definitely was a bit of a thunderbolt moment for her when she first saw Clarke.\" He said Clarke's attraction to Lexa \"developed a little bit more slowly, but by the end [...] they were very much intrigued at the possibility of a romantic relationship.\" He later said \"Lexa was definitely smitten\u2014like love at first sight, probably\", but maintained it took longer for Clarke to develop romantic feelings for Lexa. Debnam-Carey considered the characters being \"very adaptable\" as one of the interesting aspects of their dynamic. Sacrifices the characters make are \"for a much greater goal in the end\". They have also \"taken characteristics from each other,\" with Lexa becoming more trusting and learning that love can be empowering, and Clarke becoming more ruthless. \"It's very interesting to see the way they ebb and flow with each other,\" said Debnam-Carey. Of Lexa possibly putting Clarke first instead of her own people, she said perhaps if \"Clarke was able to assimilate to their culture as well and become more of a right-hand man, then maybe I think Lexa could\u2014then that would be a merger of two people. \" Lexa's weaknesses, as indicated by Debnam-Carey, are her feelings for her people and Clarke. Debnam-Carey appreciated the fact the writers did not make a big deal of defining either characters' sexuality or their romantic relationship.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge.", "Ex parte Curtis Ex parte Curtis, 106 U.S. 371 (1882), is an 8-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court that the Act of August 15, 1876 was a constitutional exercise of the enumerated powers of the United States Congress under of the United States Constitution. The petitioner had been convicted of receiving money for political purposes in violation of the Act. The petitioner asked the Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote the opinion for the majority. The constitutional grounds under which the petitioner challenged the Act were not discussed by the Court. Waite noted that Congress had a lengthy history of passing laws restricting the rights and privileges of civil servants, and the constitutionality of such laws had never before been challenged. Next, Waite affirmed that Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution clearly gave Congress the power to determine for itself what was proper in the realm of reining in political corruption: Waite refused to pass judgment on the validity of the writ of habeas corpus, concluding that the Supreme Court's \"jurisdiction is limited to the single question of the power of the court to commit the prisoner for the act of which he has been convicted.\" Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley dissented. He concluded that the Act impermissibly infringed on First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of association: Justice Bradley also concluded that the Act was overbroad and that the same positive ends (ending political corruption) could have been achieved by alternative, narrower means. One of the interesting aspects of the majority's decision is that it believed Congress prohibited not civil servants from making political donations on their own but making such donations through their supervisors. Justice Bradley dissented, in part, by arguing that the law banned even voluntary contributions made through superiors (a ban that he felt was unconstitutional)."], "answer": {"text": "From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19-0 with 15 wins by knockout.", "answer_start": 105}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do?", "answer": {"text": "winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "//what was the decisions about", "answer": {"text": "fights", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#4", "question": "Did he break any other records", "rewrite": "Did Muhammad Ali break any other records aside from the record of 19-0 with 15 wins by knockout?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Gheorghe P\u0103nculescu Gheorghe C. P\u0103nculescu (March 26, 1903 \u2013 January 7, 2007) was the last Romanian World War I veteran and one of the last World War I veterans in the world. P\u0103nculescu was born in Warsaw, then part of the Russian Empire. In 1918 at the age of 15, he enlisted underage into the Romanian Army, and served in World War I, though he did not see any action. P\u0103nculescu stayed in the army after the war, and by World War II he had reached the rank of General. He died on 7 January 2007 at the age of 103.", "During this period of turmoil Muhammad Ali used his loyal Albanian troops to work with both sides, gaining power and prestige for himself. As the conflict drew on, the local populace grew weary of the power struggle. In 1801, he allied with the Egyptian leader Umar Makram and Egypt's Grand Imam of al-Azhar. During the infighting between the Ottomans and Mamluks between 1801 and 1805, Muhammad Ali carefully acted to gain the support of the general public. In 1805, a group of prominent Egyptians led by the ulema demanded the replacement of \"W\u0101li\" (viceroy) Ahmad Khurshid Pasha by Muhammad Ali, and the Ottomans yielded. In 1809, though, Ali exiled Makram to Damietta. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Makram had discovered Muhammad Ali's intentions to seize power for himself. Sultan Selim III could not oppose Muhammad Ali's ascension. By appearing as the champion of the people Muhammad Ali was able to forestall popular opposition until he had consolidated his power. The Mamluks still posed the greatest threat to Muhammad Ali. They controlled Egypt for more than 600 years, and over that time they extended their rule systematically south along the Nile River to Upper Egypt. Muhammad Ali's approach was to eliminate the Mamluk leadership, then move against the rank and file. Muhammad Ali invited the Mamluk leaders to a celebration at the Cairo Citadel in honour of his son, Tusun Pasha, who was to lead a military expedition into Arabia. The event was held on March 1, 1811. When the Mamluks had gathered at the Citadel, and were surrounded by Muhammad Ali's troops, he had his troops kill them. After the leaders were killed, Muhammad Ali dispatched his army throughout Egypt to rout the remainder of the Mamluk forces.", "Oriental Crisis of 1840 The Oriental Crisis of 1840 was an episode in the Egyptian\u2013Ottoman War in the eastern Mediterranean, triggered by the self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan Muhammad Ali Pasha's aims to establish a personal empire in the Ottoman province of Egypt. In the preceding decades, Muhammad Ali had expanded and strengthened his hold on Ottoman territory, beginning with Egypt where he acted as a viceroy for the Sultan. Called upon to assist the Ottomans in the Greek War of Independence, Muhammad Ali in return demanded parts of Ottoman Syria to be transferred to his personal rule. When the war ended and the Porte didn't live up to its promise, Muhammad Ali launched a military campaign against his Ottoman masters and easily took most of the Syrian lands. In 1839, the Ottoman Empire attempted to retake Syria from Muhammad Ali but was defeated by his son, Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Nezib. Following this, a new war between Muhammad Ali and the Ottomans escalated, with the latter once again failing to wage it successfully. In June 1840, the entire Ottoman navy defected to Muhammad Ali and the French planned to offer full support to Muhammad Ali's cause. On the verge of total collapse and defeat to Muhammad Ali, an alliance of European powers comprising Britain, the Austrian Empire, Prussia and Russia decided to intervene on behalf of the young Sultan Abd\u00fclmecid I.  By the Convention of London, signed on 15 July 1840, the Great Powers offered Muhammad Ali and his heirs permanent control over Egypt, Sudan, and the Eyalet of Acre, provided that these territories would nominally remain part of the Ottoman Empire. If he did not accept the withdrawal of his forces within ten days, he would lose the offer in southern Syria; if he delayed acceptance more than 20 days, he would forfeit everything offered.", "Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (  15 July 1905 \u2013 2 December 1982), best known as Muhammad Ali, was the fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan , appointed on 12 August 1955 until being removed through a successful passage of vote of no confidence motion in the National Assembly on 12 September 1956. His credibility is noted for promulgating the first set of the Constitution of Pakistan lost political endorsement from his party when failing to investigate the allegations on vote rigging and the secret defections in favor of the Republican Party. Muhammad Ali was born in Jullundar, Punjab in India on 15 July 1905. His family were Gujjar clan. The \"prefix\", Chaudhry, added before his name to represent his family's land holding status. After his matriculation, Muhammad Ali showed great aptitude for science, first moving to attend the Punjab University in Lahore where he read and graduated with BSc degree in Chemistry in 1925. In 1927, Muhammad Ali attained MSc in Chemistry from Punjab University, and lectured at the Islamia College until 1928. In 1928, Muhammad Ali went to join the Indian Civil Service, first working as an accountant at the Audit and Accounts Service and was deputed to audit the Bahawalpur state. In 1936, Muhammad Ali was moved as Private Secretary to James Grigg, the Finance minister of India, who later appointed him as the First Indian financial adviser when Grigg was appointed as the War Secretary in 1945. In 1946-47, Muhammad Ali was selected to serve as one of two secretaries to the presided over by Lord Mountbatten, later appointed as Finance Secretary at the Ministry of Finance. Over this issue of partition, Muhammad Ali worked with H.M. Patel and Walter Christir to prepare a document titled \"The Administrative Consequences of Partition\".", "Gheorghe P\u0103nculescu (engineer)  Gheorghe P\u0103nculescu (1844\u20131924) was a Romanian engineer born in the Romanian town V\u0103lenii de Munte, district of Prahova, who designed the railway line between the capital city Bucharest and Predeal (1878). Born in 1844 in V\u0103lenii de Munte, P\u0103nculescu went to study abroad and graduated from the Zurich Science and Technology University, and then joined the 'Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des \u00c9tablissements Eiffel' engineering company founded by Gustave Eiffel, recommended by famous Romanian poet Vasile Alecsandri. In 1878, P\u0103nculescu returned to Romania in order to design and build the railway line between Predeal and Bucharest, which he completed in less than a year, despite the five-year contract initially drafted; this is attributed to the truly innovative system for joining the metal girders together in the pre-assembly phase, away from the tracks' location which he devised. In 1879, Gustave Eiffel made a documented visit to P\u0103nculescu's house in V\u0103lenii de Munte, in what is today the Nicolae Iorga Memorial Museum, where he was shown the technology used by P\u0103nculescu for the construction of the railway line. Eiffel himself documented P\u0103nculescu's contribution in his work titled 'Communication sur les travaux de la tour de 300 m' written in 1887. The same technology was used by Eiffel in building the Eiffel Tower. Gheorghe P\u0103nculescu became the General Inspector of the CFR SA, the Romanian national train operator. The only significant research of this collaboration between Gheorghe P\u0103nculescu and Gustave Eiffel has been done by Prof. Eugen St\u0103nescu, Adjunct Director of the Museum of History and Archaeology in Prahova, Romania."], "answer": {"text": "The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch.", "answer_start": 722}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do?", "answer": {"text": "winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "//what was the decisions about", "answer": {"text": "fights", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some interesting aspects about this article", "answer": {"text": "From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19-0 with 15 wins by knockout.", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#5", "question": "Did he win this match", "rewrite": "Did Muhammad Ali win the match with Doug Jones?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["During this period of turmoil Muhammad Ali used his loyal Albanian troops to work with both sides, gaining power and prestige for himself. As the conflict drew on, the local populace grew weary of the power struggle. In 1801, he allied with the Egyptian leader Umar Makram and Egypt's Grand Imam of al-Azhar. During the infighting between the Ottomans and Mamluks between 1801 and 1805, Muhammad Ali carefully acted to gain the support of the general public. In 1805, a group of prominent Egyptians led by the ulema demanded the replacement of \"W\u0101li\" (viceroy) Ahmad Khurshid Pasha by Muhammad Ali, and the Ottomans yielded. In 1809, though, Ali exiled Makram to Damietta. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Makram had discovered Muhammad Ali's intentions to seize power for himself. Sultan Selim III could not oppose Muhammad Ali's ascension. By appearing as the champion of the people Muhammad Ali was able to forestall popular opposition until he had consolidated his power. The Mamluks still posed the greatest threat to Muhammad Ali. They controlled Egypt for more than 600 years, and over that time they extended their rule systematically south along the Nile River to Upper Egypt. Muhammad Ali's approach was to eliminate the Mamluk leadership, then move against the rank and file. Muhammad Ali invited the Mamluk leaders to a celebration at the Cairo Citadel in honour of his son, Tusun Pasha, who was to lead a military expedition into Arabia. The event was held on March 1, 1811. When the Mamluks had gathered at the Citadel, and were surrounded by Muhammad Ali's troops, he had his troops kill them. After the leaders were killed, Muhammad Ali dispatched his army throughout Egypt to rout the remainder of the Mamluk forces.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Henry Cooper Muhammad Ali and Henry Cooper fought two boxing matches with each other. Their first match took place on 18 June 1963 and the second on 21 May 1966. Ali won both matches. The first fight was stopped by the referee in the fifth round, and the second in the sixth round. Both fights were stopped after Cooper started bleeding excessively. The first Ali-Cooper bout is remembered for being one of the four fights in which Ali was officially knocked down in the ring by his boxing opponent. After a close victory over Doug Jones, Ali's management decided to match him with Henry Cooper in London. Prior to the fight, Ali called Cooper \"a tramp, a bum, and a cripple not worth training for.\" According to Ali, the Cooper fight was only a hiatus before \"I demolish that ugly bear Liston. \" Responding to Ali, Cooper said in an interview: \"Let him carry on. I'm on the gate, he's selling tickets and earning me good money. \" 35,000 spectators witnessed the first Ali-Cooper fight in the first open-air fight at Wembley Stadium in 28 years. Ali weighed 207 pounds at this time; Cooper was about 20 pounds lighter. Ali also had a 4 1/2 inch reach advantage over Cooper. In the first round, Cooper surprised Ali by utilizing offensive tactics, advancing on Ali and firing jabs, right jabs and double jabs. Many of Cooper's stronger punches, particularly the left hook, narrowly missed their mark due to Ali's ability to sway away from an incoming punch. Unexpectedly Ali retired to his corner at the end of the round with a slight trickle of blood flowing from his right nostril.", "Boxing career of Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali is regarded by boxing commentators and historians as one of the greatest professional boxers of all time. Boxing magazine \"The Ring\" named him number one in a 1998 ranking of greatest heavyweights from all eras. In 1999, \"The Associated Press\" voted Ali the number one heavyweight of the 20th century. In 1999, Ali was named the second greatest boxer in history, pound for pound, by ESPN; behind only welterweight and middleweight legend Sugar Ray Robinson. In December 2007, ESPN listed Ali second in its choice of the greatest heavyweights of all time, behind Joe Louis. Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960, winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker. From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19\u20130 with 15 wins by knockout. He defeated boxers including Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match. These early fights were not without trials. Clay was knocked down by both Sonny Banks and Cooper. In the Cooper fight, Clay was floored by a left hook at the end of round four and was saved by the bell, going on to win in the predicted 5th round due to Cooper's severely cut eye. The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch. The number two and three heavyweight contenders respectively, Clay and Jones fought on Jones' home turf at New York's Madison Square Garden. Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos and a rain of debris thrown into the ring.", "He also writes for \"The Progressive Populist\". Hightower writes a monthly newsletter, \"The Hightower Lowdown,\" which has more than 125,000 subscribers. The newsletter is notable for its in-depth investigative reporting and criticism of George W. Bush's administration, which Hightower claims was beholden to corporations and extremist conservatives. It has received both the Alternative Press Award and the Independent Press Association Award for best national newsletter. The \"Doug Jones Average\", a concept created by Jim Hightower, is the proposal that in order to check the true health of the American economy, it is less useful to look at the Dow Jones Industrial Average than it is to check up on how Doug Jones down the street is doing. If Doug Jones is on welfare, cannot feed his family, is blowing his savings, and is three weeks behind on his bills, the Doug Jones average is \"down\". If Doug just got a raise, can pay his bills and Doug and his family are looking into owning a nice but not too expensive house, the Doug Jones average is \"up\". The official Jim Hightower Archive is at the Wittliff collections of Southwestern Writers, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas.", "Muhammad Ali had several fights on early pay-per-view home television, including Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones in 1963, and Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston which drew 250,000 buys on cable television in 1964. Professional boxing was largely introduced to pay-per-view cable television with the \"Thrilla in Manila\" fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in September 1975. The fight sold 500,000 pay-per-view buys on HBO. There was also another major title fight aired on pay-per-view in 1980, when Roberto Dur\u00e1n defeated Sugar Ray Leonard. Cable companies offered the match for $10, and about 155,000 customers paid to watch the fight. A major pay-per-view event occurred on September 16, 1981, when Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas \"Hitman\" Hearns for the World Welterweight Championship. Viacom Cablevision in Nashville, Tennessee \u2013 the first system to offer the event \u2013 saw over 50 percent of its subscriber base purchase the fight. Leonard visited Nashville to promote the fight, and the event proved such a success that Viacom themed its annual report for that year around it. Viacom marketing director Pat Thompson put together the fight, and subsequently put together additional PPV fights, wrestling matches, and even a televised Broadway play. After leaving Viacom, Thompson became head of Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16, 1983: a college football game between the University of Tennessee and the University of Alabama from Birmingham, Alabama. Sports View played a role in building pay-per-view networks, and became the early pioneer in developing TigerVision for Louisiana State University, TideVision for Alabama and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee. Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan football game for pay-per-view in November 1983."], "answer": {"text": "Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos", "answer_start": 955}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do?", "answer": {"text": "winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "//what was the decisions about", "answer": {"text": "fights", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some interesting aspects about this article", "answer": {"text": "From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19-0 with 15 wins by knockout.", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he break any other records", "answer": {"text": "The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#6", "question": "What other opponents did he have", "rewrite": "What other opponents did Muhammad Ali have aside from Doug Jones?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He also writes for \"The Progressive Populist\". Hightower writes a monthly newsletter, \"The Hightower Lowdown,\" which has more than 125,000 subscribers. The newsletter is notable for its in-depth investigative reporting and criticism of George W. Bush's administration, which Hightower claims was beholden to corporations and extremist conservatives. It has received both the Alternative Press Award and the Independent Press Association Award for best national newsletter. The \"Doug Jones Average\", a concept created by Jim Hightower, is the proposal that in order to check the true health of the American economy, it is less useful to look at the Dow Jones Industrial Average than it is to check up on how Doug Jones down the street is doing. If Doug Jones is on welfare, cannot feed his family, is blowing his savings, and is three weeks behind on his bills, the Doug Jones average is \"down\". If Doug just got a raise, can pay his bills and Doug and his family are looking into owning a nice but not too expensive house, the Doug Jones average is \"up\". The official Jim Hightower Archive is at the Wittliff collections of Southwestern Writers, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Henry Cooper Muhammad Ali and Henry Cooper fought two boxing matches with each other. Their first match took place on 18 June 1963 and the second on 21 May 1966. Ali won both matches. The first fight was stopped by the referee in the fifth round, and the second in the sixth round. Both fights were stopped after Cooper started bleeding excessively. The first Ali-Cooper bout is remembered for being one of the four fights in which Ali was officially knocked down in the ring by his boxing opponent. After a close victory over Doug Jones, Ali's management decided to match him with Henry Cooper in London. Prior to the fight, Ali called Cooper \"a tramp, a bum, and a cripple not worth training for.\" According to Ali, the Cooper fight was only a hiatus before \"I demolish that ugly bear Liston. \" Responding to Ali, Cooper said in an interview: \"Let him carry on. I'm on the gate, he's selling tickets and earning me good money. \" 35,000 spectators witnessed the first Ali-Cooper fight in the first open-air fight at Wembley Stadium in 28 years. Ali weighed 207 pounds at this time; Cooper was about 20 pounds lighter. Ali also had a 4 1/2 inch reach advantage over Cooper. In the first round, Cooper surprised Ali by utilizing offensive tactics, advancing on Ali and firing jabs, right jabs and double jabs. Many of Cooper's stronger punches, particularly the left hook, narrowly missed their mark due to Ali's ability to sway away from an incoming punch. Unexpectedly Ali retired to his corner at the end of the round with a slight trickle of blood flowing from his right nostril.", "During this period of turmoil Muhammad Ali used his loyal Albanian troops to work with both sides, gaining power and prestige for himself. As the conflict drew on, the local populace grew weary of the power struggle. In 1801, he allied with the Egyptian leader Umar Makram and Egypt's Grand Imam of al-Azhar. During the infighting between the Ottomans and Mamluks between 1801 and 1805, Muhammad Ali carefully acted to gain the support of the general public. In 1805, a group of prominent Egyptians led by the ulema demanded the replacement of \"W\u0101li\" (viceroy) Ahmad Khurshid Pasha by Muhammad Ali, and the Ottomans yielded. In 1809, though, Ali exiled Makram to Damietta. According to Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Makram had discovered Muhammad Ali's intentions to seize power for himself. Sultan Selim III could not oppose Muhammad Ali's ascension. By appearing as the champion of the people Muhammad Ali was able to forestall popular opposition until he had consolidated his power. The Mamluks still posed the greatest threat to Muhammad Ali. They controlled Egypt for more than 600 years, and over that time they extended their rule systematically south along the Nile River to Upper Egypt. Muhammad Ali's approach was to eliminate the Mamluk leadership, then move against the rank and file. Muhammad Ali invited the Mamluk leaders to a celebration at the Cairo Citadel in honour of his son, Tusun Pasha, who was to lead a military expedition into Arabia. The event was held on March 1, 1811. When the Mamluks had gathered at the Citadel, and were surrounded by Muhammad Ali's troops, he had his troops kill them. After the leaders were killed, Muhammad Ali dispatched his army throughout Egypt to rout the remainder of the Mamluk forces.", "Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (  15 July 1905 \u2013 2 December 1982), best known as Muhammad Ali, was the fourth Prime Minister of Pakistan , appointed on 12 August 1955 until being removed through a successful passage of vote of no confidence motion in the National Assembly on 12 September 1956. His credibility is noted for promulgating the first set of the Constitution of Pakistan lost political endorsement from his party when failing to investigate the allegations on vote rigging and the secret defections in favor of the Republican Party. Muhammad Ali was born in Jullundar, Punjab in India on 15 July 1905. His family were Gujjar clan. The \"prefix\", Chaudhry, added before his name to represent his family's land holding status. After his matriculation, Muhammad Ali showed great aptitude for science, first moving to attend the Punjab University in Lahore where he read and graduated with BSc degree in Chemistry in 1925. In 1927, Muhammad Ali attained MSc in Chemistry from Punjab University, and lectured at the Islamia College until 1928. In 1928, Muhammad Ali went to join the Indian Civil Service, first working as an accountant at the Audit and Accounts Service and was deputed to audit the Bahawalpur state. In 1936, Muhammad Ali was moved as Private Secretary to James Grigg, the Finance minister of India, who later appointed him as the First Indian financial adviser when Grigg was appointed as the War Secretary in 1945. In 1946-47, Muhammad Ali was selected to serve as one of two secretaries to the presided over by Lord Mountbatten, later appointed as Finance Secretary at the Ministry of Finance. Over this issue of partition, Muhammad Ali worked with H.M. Patel and Walter Christir to prepare a document titled \"The Administrative Consequences of Partition\".", "Boxing career of Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali is regarded by boxing commentators and historians as one of the greatest professional boxers of all time. Boxing magazine \"The Ring\" named him number one in a 1998 ranking of greatest heavyweights from all eras. In 1999, \"The Associated Press\" voted Ali the number one heavyweight of the 20th century. In 1999, Ali was named the second greatest boxer in history, pound for pound, by ESPN; behind only welterweight and middleweight legend Sugar Ray Robinson. In December 2007, ESPN listed Ali second in its choice of the greatest heavyweights of all time, behind Joe Louis. Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960, winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker. From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19\u20130 with 15 wins by knockout. He defeated boxers including Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match. These early fights were not without trials. Clay was knocked down by both Sonny Banks and Cooper. In the Cooper fight, Clay was floored by a left hook at the end of round four and was saved by the bell, going on to win in the predicted 5th round due to Cooper's severely cut eye. The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch. The number two and three heavyweight contenders respectively, Clay and Jones fought on Jones' home turf at New York's Madison Square Garden. Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos and a rain of debris thrown into the ring."], "answer": {"text": "He defeated boxers that included Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff,", "answer_start": 194}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do?", "answer": {"text": "winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "//what was the decisions about", "answer": {"text": "fights", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some interesting aspects about this article", "answer": {"text": "From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19-0 with 15 wins by knockout.", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he break any other records", "answer": {"text": "The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win this match", "answer": {"text": "Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos", "answer_start": 955, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6603602ef00545fd8b1102c10d656d0f_0_q#7", "question": "Any other boxers?", "rewrite": "Did Muhammad Ali fight any other boxers besides Doug Jones, Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, and Willi Besmanoff?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Cassius Clay vs. Willi Besmanoff Cassius Clay (soon Muhammad Ali) fought a ten-round boxing match with Willi Besmanoff in Louisville on November 29, 1961. Clay won the bout through a technical knockout in the seventh round after the referee stopped the fight with Besmanoff sprawled on his back on the canvas.", "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960, winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker. From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19-0 with 15 wins by knockout. He defeated boxers that included Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match. These early fights were not without trials. Clay was knocked down both by Sonny Banks and Cooper. In the Cooper fight, Clay was floored by a left hook at the end of round four and was saved by the bell, going on to win in the predicted 5th round due to Cooper's severely cut eye. The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch. The number-two and -three heavyweight contenders respectively, Clay and Jones fought on Jones' home turf at New York's Madison Square Garden. Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos and a rain of debris thrown into the ring (watching on closed-circuit TV, heavyweight champ Sonny Liston quipped that if he fought Clay he might get locked up for murder). The fight was later named \"Fight of the Year\" by The Ring magazine. In each of these fights, Clay vocally belittled his opponents and vaunted his abilities. He called Jones \"an ugly little man\" and Cooper a \"bum\". He was embarrassed to get in the ring with Alex Miteff. Madison Square Garden was \"too small for me\". Clay's behavior provoked the ire of many boxing fans. His provocative and outlandish behavior in the ring was inspired by professional wrestler \"Gorgeous George\" Wagner.", "Boxing career of Muhammad Ali Muhammad Ali is regarded by boxing commentators and historians as one of the greatest professional boxers of all time. Boxing magazine \"The Ring\" named him number one in a 1998 ranking of greatest heavyweights from all eras. In 1999, \"The Associated Press\" voted Ali the number one heavyweight of the 20th century. In 1999, Ali was named the second greatest boxer in history, pound for pound, by ESPN; behind only welterweight and middleweight legend Sugar Ray Robinson. In December 2007, ESPN listed Ali second in its choice of the greatest heavyweights of all time, behind Joe Louis. Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960, winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker. From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19\u20130 with 15 wins by knockout. He defeated boxers including Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match. These early fights were not without trials. Clay was knocked down by both Sonny Banks and Cooper. In the Cooper fight, Clay was floored by a left hook at the end of round four and was saved by the bell, going on to win in the predicted 5th round due to Cooper's severely cut eye. The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch. The number two and three heavyweight contenders respectively, Clay and Jones fought on Jones' home turf at New York's Madison Square Garden. Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos and a rain of debris thrown into the ring.", "He defeated boxers that included Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff, LaMar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match. These early fights were not without trials. Clay was knocked down both by Sonny Banks and Cooper. In the Cooper fight, Clay was floored by a left hook at the end of round four and was saved by the bell, going on to win in the predicted 5th round due to Cooper's severely cut eye. The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch. The number-two and -three heavyweight contenders respectively, Clay and Jones fought on Jones' home turf at New York's Madison Square Garden. Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos and a rain of debris thrown into the ring (watching on closed-circuit TV, heavyweight champ Sonny Liston quipped that if he fought Clay he might get locked up for murder). The fight was later named \"Fight of the Year\" by The Ring magazine. In each of these fights, Clay vocally belittled his opponents and vaunted his abilities. He called Jones \"an ugly little man\" and Cooper a \"bum\". He was embarrassed to get in the ring with Alex Miteff. Madison Square Garden was \"too small for me\". Clay's behavior provoked the ire of many boxing fans. His provocative and outlandish behavior in the ring was inspired by professional wrestler \"Gorgeous George\" Wagner. Ali stated in a 1969 interview with the Associated Press' Hubert Mizel that he met with Gorgeous George in Las Vegas in 1961 and that the wrestler inspired him to use wrestling jargon when he did interviews.", "Cassius Clay vs. Donnie Fleeman Cassius Clay (later \"Muhammad Ali\") fought an eight-round boxing match with Texan Donnie Fleeman in Miami on February 21, 1961. Prior to this fight, Fleeman had a record of 51 fights with 45 wins including 20 knockouts. Clay won the bout through a technical knockout after the referee stopped the fight in the seventh round. This was the first time Clay had gone over six rounds in a boxing match. It was also the first time Fleeman had ever been knocked down in a boxing match. Fleeman retired from boxing after this fight. Before this fight, Fleeman had fought with Ezzard Charles and Sonny Liston in boxing matches, winning against Charles, and losing to Liston. Of his encounter with Liston, Fleeman later recalled that he had gone backstage waiting for his fight when he noticed a huge man sitting next to him. Prior to the Clay\u2013Fleeman bout, it was held that Fleeman's experience and durability gave him an edge over Clay. Fleeman had injured himself in his previous boxing match. Nevertheless, the guaranteed prize money for the Clay\u2013Fleeman fight was an offer he could not refuse, particularly after his wife encouraged him to go on with the fight since they needed the money. Fleeman later explained: In interviews with the local newspapers Clay stated that \"I plan to be heavyweight champion someday. If I can't beat this fellow, I ought to change my plans. \" As was his usual practice before almost every Clay/Ali fight, Angelo Dundee announced that Clay would face his toughest test in the upcoming fight. Although Fleeman was extremely durable and tough, Clay's speed overwhelmed the Texan in the fight."], "answer": {"text": "LaMar Clark, Doug Jones and Henry Cooper. Clay also beat his former trainer and veteran boxer Archie Moore in a 1962 match.", "answer_start": 318}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When Muhammad Ali's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Clay made his professional debut on October 29, 1960,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do?", "answer": {"text": "winning a six-round decision over Tunney Hunsaker.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "//what was the decisions about", "answer": {"text": "fights", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some interesting aspects about this article", "answer": {"text": "From then until the end of 1963, Clay amassed a record of 19-0 with 15 wins by knockout.", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he break any other records", "answer": {"text": "The fight with Doug Jones on March 13, 1963 was Clay's toughest fight during this stretch.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win this match", "answer": {"text": "Jones staggered Clay in the first round, and the unanimous decision for Clay was greeted by boos", "answer_start": 955, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other opponents did he have", "answer": {"text": "He defeated boxers that included Tony Esperti, Jim Robinson, Donnie Fleeman, Alonzo Johnson, George Logan, Willi Besmanoff,", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#0", "question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "rewrite": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama The 14th Dalai Lama has suggested different possibilities to identify the next (15th) Dalai Lama, but he has not publicly specified how the reincarnation would occur. The selection process may prove controversial, as the officially atheist Chinese government has expressed unusual interest in choosing the next Dalai Lama and claims it has the right to do so, something contested by Tibetan Buddhist religious authorities. Following the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the current Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelgupa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. The process can take a long time. It took four years to find the 14th (current) Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The search is generally limited to Tibet, although the current Dalai Lama has said that there is a chance that he will not be reborn, and that if he is, it would not be in a country under Chinese rule. To help them in their search, the High Lamas may have visions or dreams, and try to find signs. For example, if the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, they can watch the direction of the smoke to suggest where the rebirth will take place. When these signs have been interpreted and a successor found, there are a series of tests to ensure that they are the genuine reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. They assess the candidate against a set of criteria, and will present the child with various objects to see if they can identify those which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama. If a single candidate has been identified, the High Lamas will report their findings to eminent individuals and then to the Government.", "Norbulingka Palace of the Dalai Lamas was built about 100 years after the Potala Palace was built on the Parkori peak, over a land area. It was built a little away to the west of the Potala for the exclusive use by the Dalai Lama to stay in during the summer months. Tenzing Gyatso, the present 14th Dalai Lama, stayed here before he fled to India. The building of the palace and the park was undertaken by the 7th Dalai Lama from 1755. The Norbulingka Park and Summer Palace were completed in 1783 under Jampel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, on the outskirts of Lhasa. and became the summer residence during the reign of the Eighth Dalai Lama. The earliest history of Norbulingka is traced originally to a spring at this location, which was used during the summer months by the 7th Dalai Lama to cure his health problems. Qing Dynasty permitted the Dalai Lama to build a palace at this location for his stay, as a resting pavilion. Since subsequent Dalai Lamas also used to stay here for their studies (before enthronement) and as a summer resort, Norbulingka came to be known as the Summer Palace of the Dalai Lama. The 8th Dalai Lama was responsible for many additions to the Norbulingka complex in the form of palaces and gardens. However, it is sometimes reported that 6th through to 12th Dalai Lamas died young and under mysterious circumstances, conjectured as having been poisoned. Most of the credit for the expansion of Norbulingka is given to the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas. It was from the Norbulingka palace that the Dalai Lama escaped to India on 17 March 1959, under the strong belief that he would be captured by the Chinese.", "Gyaincain Norbu as chosen by the Chinese government's process, and Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as chosen by the Dalai Lama. In September 2007, the Chinese government said all high monks must be approved by the government, which would include the selection of the 15th Dalai Lama after the death of Tenzin Gyatso. Since by tradition, the Panchen Lama must approve the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, that is another possible method of control. Consequently, the Dalai Lama has alluded to the possibility of a referendum to determine the 15th Dalai Lama. In response to this scenario, Tashi Wangdi, the representative of the 14th Dalai Lama, replied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. \"You can't impose an Imam, an Archbishop, saints, any religion...you can't politically impose these things on people\", said Wangdi. \"It has to be a decision of the followers of that tradition. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. Like their Panchen Lama. And they can't keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him. How can you have a religious leader like that?\" The 14th Dalai Lama said as early as 1969 that it was for the Tibetans to decide whether the institution of the Dalai Lama \"should continue or not\". He has given reference to a possible vote occurring in the future for all Tibetan Buddhists to decide whether they wish to recognize his rebirth. In response to the possibility that the PRC might attempt to choose his successor, the Dalai Lama said he would not be reborn in a country controlled by the People's Republic of China or any other country which is not free.", "The Universe in a Single Atom The Universe in a Single Atom is a book by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama and published in 2005 by Morgan Road Books. In this book Dalai Lama engages in several scientific areas. He explores the topics of quantum physics, cosmology, consciousness and genetics in relation to Buddhism. Tenzin Gyatso, at the age of 6, was chosen as the 14th Dalai Lama. He is believed to be the reincarnation of his predecessors. At an early age, Gyatso showed interest in science and the scientific method. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom\", Tenzin Gyatso explores the commonality and difference between Buddhism and scientific argumentation. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom,\" The Dalai Lama exhibits humble beginnings in science, including finding a brass telescope from the thirteenth Dalai Lama. With the telescope, he was able to find \"the rabbit on the moon,\" a Tibetan saying for a land form on the moon. Utilizing other apparatuses such as cars and watches, the Dalai Lama took interest in the mechanical operations of the objects. In the book, The Dalai Lama creates exigency for the peaceful relationship between Buddhism and science. The goal is to mitigate human suffering from both Buddhist philosophy and science. Scientists and Buddhists acknowledge that Buddhists use sensory perceptions and introspective thinking requiring cooperation of the body. In the 1980s, The Dalai Lama sought scientific advice from Francisco Varela. A product of the meeting was Varela's realization that the act of medtiation through introspective thinking could complement science. Buddhist teachings prove everything is changing and transitory. Essentially, thoughts come into our minds, then move on. Buddhists believe this is what causes suffering. The Dalai Lama believes in justifying the concept of micro-matter through the definition of inconsistent flow.", "3rd Taktra Rinpoche Ngawang Sungrab Thutob (; ) (1874\u20131952) was the third Taktra Rinpoche, (Wylie transliteration: \"sTag-brag\", also Takdrak, Tagdrag, etc.) and regent of Tibet. As regent, he was responsible for raising and educating the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. In 1941, he succeeded the fifth Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen. The Reting Rinpoche later rebelled, was captured, and died imprisoned in the Potala Palace under mysterious circumstances. State-controlled media in China claims that Thutob was responsible for the death of the 5th Reting Rinpoche, the teacher of 14th Dalai Lama and previous regent. They praise Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen as a patriot and devout Buddhist while calling Ngawang Sungrab Thutob as a \"pro-Britain, pro-slavery separatist.\" Reting Rinpoche, regardless of his political leanings, will be remembered for discovering and enthroning the current, 14th Dalai Lama. In 1955 (or 1954), the 4th Taktra or Dagzhag (\u5355\u589e\u683c\u5217, \u4e39\u589e\u683c\u5217 or \u4e39\u589e\u8d64\u70c8) was born. He was recognized by the Chinese government and Dalai Lama in 1958 (or 1957). His name was given by 14th Dalai Lama. One or two years later, Dalai Lama fled to India. Even though mass media in China evaluate Ngawang Sungrab Thutob negatively, 4th Taktra became a member of the 6th council of the Buddhist Association of China and the Vice President of Tibetan Sub-Association of Buddhist Association of China."], "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#1", "question": "Why did he flee", "rewrite": "Why did the 14th Dalai Lama flee?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Universe in a Single Atom The Universe in a Single Atom is a book by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama and published in 2005 by Morgan Road Books. In this book Dalai Lama engages in several scientific areas. He explores the topics of quantum physics, cosmology, consciousness and genetics in relation to Buddhism. Tenzin Gyatso, at the age of 6, was chosen as the 14th Dalai Lama. He is believed to be the reincarnation of his predecessors. At an early age, Gyatso showed interest in science and the scientific method. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom\", Tenzin Gyatso explores the commonality and difference between Buddhism and scientific argumentation. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom,\" The Dalai Lama exhibits humble beginnings in science, including finding a brass telescope from the thirteenth Dalai Lama. With the telescope, he was able to find \"the rabbit on the moon,\" a Tibetan saying for a land form on the moon. Utilizing other apparatuses such as cars and watches, the Dalai Lama took interest in the mechanical operations of the objects. In the book, The Dalai Lama creates exigency for the peaceful relationship between Buddhism and science. The goal is to mitigate human suffering from both Buddhist philosophy and science. Scientists and Buddhists acknowledge that Buddhists use sensory perceptions and introspective thinking requiring cooperation of the body. In the 1980s, The Dalai Lama sought scientific advice from Francisco Varela. A product of the meeting was Varela's realization that the act of medtiation through introspective thinking could complement science. Buddhist teachings prove everything is changing and transitory. Essentially, thoughts come into our minds, then move on. Buddhists believe this is what causes suffering. The Dalai Lama believes in justifying the concept of micro-matter through the definition of inconsistent flow.", "Gyaincain Norbu as chosen by the Chinese government's process, and Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as chosen by the Dalai Lama. In September 2007, the Chinese government said all high monks must be approved by the government, which would include the selection of the 15th Dalai Lama after the death of Tenzin Gyatso. Since by tradition, the Panchen Lama must approve the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, that is another possible method of control. Consequently, the Dalai Lama has alluded to the possibility of a referendum to determine the 15th Dalai Lama. In response to this scenario, Tashi Wangdi, the representative of the 14th Dalai Lama, replied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. \"You can't impose an Imam, an Archbishop, saints, any religion...you can't politically impose these things on people\", said Wangdi. \"It has to be a decision of the followers of that tradition. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. Like their Panchen Lama. And they can't keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him. How can you have a religious leader like that?\" The 14th Dalai Lama said as early as 1969 that it was for the Tibetans to decide whether the institution of the Dalai Lama \"should continue or not\". He has given reference to a possible vote occurring in the future for all Tibetan Buddhists to decide whether they wish to recognize his rebirth. In response to the possibility that the PRC might attempt to choose his successor, the Dalai Lama said he would not be reborn in a country controlled by the People's Republic of China or any other country which is not free.", "3rd Taktra Rinpoche Ngawang Sungrab Thutob (; ) (1874\u20131952) was the third Taktra Rinpoche, (Wylie transliteration: \"sTag-brag\", also Takdrak, Tagdrag, etc.) and regent of Tibet. As regent, he was responsible for raising and educating the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. In 1941, he succeeded the fifth Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen. The Reting Rinpoche later rebelled, was captured, and died imprisoned in the Potala Palace under mysterious circumstances. State-controlled media in China claims that Thutob was responsible for the death of the 5th Reting Rinpoche, the teacher of 14th Dalai Lama and previous regent. They praise Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen as a patriot and devout Buddhist while calling Ngawang Sungrab Thutob as a \"pro-Britain, pro-slavery separatist.\" Reting Rinpoche, regardless of his political leanings, will be remembered for discovering and enthroning the current, 14th Dalai Lama. In 1955 (or 1954), the 4th Taktra or Dagzhag (\u5355\u589e\u683c\u5217, \u4e39\u589e\u683c\u5217 or \u4e39\u589e\u8d64\u70c8) was born. He was recognized by the Chinese government and Dalai Lama in 1958 (or 1957). His name was given by 14th Dalai Lama. One or two years later, Dalai Lama fled to India. Even though mass media in China evaluate Ngawang Sungrab Thutob negatively, 4th Taktra became a member of the 6th council of the Buddhist Association of China and the Vice President of Tibetan Sub-Association of Buddhist Association of China.", "Norbulingka Palace of the Dalai Lamas was built about 100 years after the Potala Palace was built on the Parkori peak, over a land area. It was built a little away to the west of the Potala for the exclusive use by the Dalai Lama to stay in during the summer months. Tenzing Gyatso, the present 14th Dalai Lama, stayed here before he fled to India. The building of the palace and the park was undertaken by the 7th Dalai Lama from 1755. The Norbulingka Park and Summer Palace were completed in 1783 under Jampel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, on the outskirts of Lhasa. and became the summer residence during the reign of the Eighth Dalai Lama. The earliest history of Norbulingka is traced originally to a spring at this location, which was used during the summer months by the 7th Dalai Lama to cure his health problems. Qing Dynasty permitted the Dalai Lama to build a palace at this location for his stay, as a resting pavilion. Since subsequent Dalai Lamas also used to stay here for their studies (before enthronement) and as a summer resort, Norbulingka came to be known as the Summer Palace of the Dalai Lama. The 8th Dalai Lama was responsible for many additions to the Norbulingka complex in the form of palaces and gardens. However, it is sometimes reported that 6th through to 12th Dalai Lamas died young and under mysterious circumstances, conjectured as having been poisoned. Most of the credit for the expansion of Norbulingka is given to the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas. It was from the Norbulingka palace that the Dalai Lama escaped to India on 17 March 1959, under the strong belief that he would be captured by the Chinese.", "Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama The 14th Dalai Lama has suggested different possibilities to identify the next (15th) Dalai Lama, but he has not publicly specified how the reincarnation would occur. The selection process may prove controversial, as the officially atheist Chinese government has expressed unusual interest in choosing the next Dalai Lama and claims it has the right to do so, something contested by Tibetan Buddhist religious authorities. Following the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the current Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelgupa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. The process can take a long time. It took four years to find the 14th (current) Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The search is generally limited to Tibet, although the current Dalai Lama has said that there is a chance that he will not be reborn, and that if he is, it would not be in a country under Chinese rule. To help them in their search, the High Lamas may have visions or dreams, and try to find signs. For example, if the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, they can watch the direction of the smoke to suggest where the rebirth will take place. When these signs have been interpreted and a successor found, there are a series of tests to ensure that they are the genuine reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. They assess the candidate against a set of criteria, and will present the child with various objects to see if they can identify those which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama. If a single candidate has been identified, the High Lamas will report their findings to eminent individuals and then to the Government."], "answer": {"text": "help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959,", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#2", "question": "Did the Dalai Lama appeal", "rewrite": "Did the the 14th Dalai Lama appeal his exile to India?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Armed with Beijing's approval, the head of the Panchen Lama search committee, Chadrel Rinpoche, maintained private communication with the Dalai Lama in order to arrive at a mutually acceptable candidate for both the Dalai Lama and Beijing authorities concerning the Panchen Lama's reincarnation. After the Dalai Lama named Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the 11th incarnation of the Panchen Lama on 14 May 1995, Chinese authorities had Chadrel Rinpoche arrested and charged with treason. According to the Tibetan Government in Exile, he was replaced by Sengchen Lobsang Gyaltsen, so chosen because he was more likely to agree with the party line. Sengchen had been a political opponent of both the Dalai Lama and the 10th Panchen Lama. Because of the history of rivalry between different sects of Tibetan Buddhism, many Tibetans and scholars believe that this was a tactical move by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to create more unrest and disunity between the typically unified Tibetan peoples. The new search committee ignored the Dalai Lama's 14 May announcement and instead chose from a list of finalists which excluded Gedhun Choekyi Nyima. In selecting a name, lottery numbers were drawn from a Golden Urn, a procedure used in Tibet by the Chinese (Manchu) emperor in 1793. The 14th Dalai Lama stated that the Tibetan method involves using possessions of the former Lama to identify his reincarnation, as the new child incarnate will reportedly recognize his past items amid miscellaneous ones. On January 26, 1940, the Regent Reting Rinpoche requested the Central Government to exempt Tenzin Gyatso from the lot-drawing process of the Golden Urn to become the 14th Dalai Lama. The request was approved by the Central Government. Chinese authorities announced Gyancain Norbu as the search committee's choice on 11 November 1995.", "Gyaincain Norbu as chosen by the Chinese government's process, and Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as chosen by the Dalai Lama. In September 2007, the Chinese government said all high monks must be approved by the government, which would include the selection of the 15th Dalai Lama after the death of Tenzin Gyatso. Since by tradition, the Panchen Lama must approve the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, that is another possible method of control. Consequently, the Dalai Lama has alluded to the possibility of a referendum to determine the 15th Dalai Lama. In response to this scenario, Tashi Wangdi, the representative of the 14th Dalai Lama, replied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. \"You can't impose an Imam, an Archbishop, saints, any religion...you can't politically impose these things on people\", said Wangdi. \"It has to be a decision of the followers of that tradition. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. Like their Panchen Lama. And they can't keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him. How can you have a religious leader like that?\" The 14th Dalai Lama said as early as 1969 that it was for the Tibetans to decide whether the institution of the Dalai Lama \"should continue or not\". He has given reference to a possible vote occurring in the future for all Tibetan Buddhists to decide whether they wish to recognize his rebirth. In response to the possibility that the PRC might attempt to choose his successor, the Dalai Lama said he would not be reborn in a country controlled by the People's Republic of China or any other country which is not free.", "Norbulingka Palace of the Dalai Lamas was built about 100 years after the Potala Palace was built on the Parkori peak, over a land area. It was built a little away to the west of the Potala for the exclusive use by the Dalai Lama to stay in during the summer months. Tenzing Gyatso, the present 14th Dalai Lama, stayed here before he fled to India. The building of the palace and the park was undertaken by the 7th Dalai Lama from 1755. The Norbulingka Park and Summer Palace were completed in 1783 under Jampel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, on the outskirts of Lhasa. and became the summer residence during the reign of the Eighth Dalai Lama. The earliest history of Norbulingka is traced originally to a spring at this location, which was used during the summer months by the 7th Dalai Lama to cure his health problems. Qing Dynasty permitted the Dalai Lama to build a palace at this location for his stay, as a resting pavilion. Since subsequent Dalai Lamas also used to stay here for their studies (before enthronement) and as a summer resort, Norbulingka came to be known as the Summer Palace of the Dalai Lama. The 8th Dalai Lama was responsible for many additions to the Norbulingka complex in the form of palaces and gardens. However, it is sometimes reported that 6th through to 12th Dalai Lamas died young and under mysterious circumstances, conjectured as having been poisoned. Most of the credit for the expansion of Norbulingka is given to the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas. It was from the Norbulingka palace that the Dalai Lama escaped to India on 17 March 1959, under the strong belief that he would be captured by the Chinese.", "The Dalai Lama named Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the 11th incarnation of the Panchen Lama on May 14, 1995, but the search committee ignored the Dalai Lama's 14 May announcement and instead chose from a list of finalists which excluded Gedhun Choekyi Nyima. In selecting a name, lottery numbers were drawn from the Golden Urn. Chinese authorities announced Gyancain Norbu as the search committee's choice on November 11, 1995. It has been claimed that Gedhun had been taken into protective custody from those that would spirit him into exile and is now \"in captivity against the wishes of the Tibetan people\", whereas the Chinese government states that he is living a \"normal private life\". Tibetans and human rights groups continue to campaign for his release. The Panchen Lama bears part of the responsibility or the monk-regent for finding the incarnation of the Dalai Lama, and vice versa. This has been the tradition since the 5th Dalai Lama, recognized his teacher \"Lobsang Choekyi Gyaltsen\" as the Panchen Lama of Tashilhunpo. With this appointment, Lobsang Choekyi Gyaltsen's three previous incarnations were posthumously recognised as Panchen Lamas. The \"Great Fifth\" also recognized Lobsang Yeshe, 5th Panchen Lama. The 7th Dalai Lama recognized Lobsang Palden Yeshe, 6th Panchen Lama, who in turn recognized the 8th Dalai Lama. Similarly, the Eighth Dalai Lama recognised Palden Tenpai Nyima, 7th Panchen Lama. The current 14th Dalai Lama was first found by the 9th Panchen Lama when he was living in the Kumbum Monastery. In February 1937, the Panchen Lama informed his investigation to the Tibetan government's representatives, who would later confirm the new Dalai Lama's identity.", "Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama The 14th Dalai Lama has suggested different possibilities to identify the next (15th) Dalai Lama, but he has not publicly specified how the reincarnation would occur. The selection process may prove controversial, as the officially atheist Chinese government has expressed unusual interest in choosing the next Dalai Lama and claims it has the right to do so, something contested by Tibetan Buddhist religious authorities. Following the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the current Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelgupa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. The process can take a long time. It took four years to find the 14th (current) Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The search is generally limited to Tibet, although the current Dalai Lama has said that there is a chance that he will not be reborn, and that if he is, it would not be in a country under Chinese rule. To help them in their search, the High Lamas may have visions or dreams, and try to find signs. For example, if the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, they can watch the direction of the smoke to suggest where the rebirth will take place. When these signs have been interpreted and a successor found, there are a series of tests to ensure that they are the genuine reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. They assess the candidate against a set of criteria, and will present the child with various objects to see if they can identify those which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama. If a single candidate has been identified, the High Lamas will report their findings to eminent individuals and then to the Government."], "answer": {"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 1008}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he flee", "answer": {"text": "help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#3", "question": "What did the resolution call on", "rewrite": "What did the United Nations resolution call on for the 14th Dalai Lama?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Universe in a Single Atom The Universe in a Single Atom is a book by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama and published in 2005 by Morgan Road Books. In this book Dalai Lama engages in several scientific areas. He explores the topics of quantum physics, cosmology, consciousness and genetics in relation to Buddhism. Tenzin Gyatso, at the age of 6, was chosen as the 14th Dalai Lama. He is believed to be the reincarnation of his predecessors. At an early age, Gyatso showed interest in science and the scientific method. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom\", Tenzin Gyatso explores the commonality and difference between Buddhism and scientific argumentation. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom,\" The Dalai Lama exhibits humble beginnings in science, including finding a brass telescope from the thirteenth Dalai Lama. With the telescope, he was able to find \"the rabbit on the moon,\" a Tibetan saying for a land form on the moon. Utilizing other apparatuses such as cars and watches, the Dalai Lama took interest in the mechanical operations of the objects. In the book, The Dalai Lama creates exigency for the peaceful relationship between Buddhism and science. The goal is to mitigate human suffering from both Buddhist philosophy and science. Scientists and Buddhists acknowledge that Buddhists use sensory perceptions and introspective thinking requiring cooperation of the body. In the 1980s, The Dalai Lama sought scientific advice from Francisco Varela. A product of the meeting was Varela's realization that the act of medtiation through introspective thinking could complement science. Buddhist teachings prove everything is changing and transitory. Essentially, thoughts come into our minds, then move on. Buddhists believe this is what causes suffering. The Dalai Lama believes in justifying the concept of micro-matter through the definition of inconsistent flow.", "3rd Taktra Rinpoche Ngawang Sungrab Thutob (; ) (1874\u20131952) was the third Taktra Rinpoche, (Wylie transliteration: \"sTag-brag\", also Takdrak, Tagdrag, etc.) and regent of Tibet. As regent, he was responsible for raising and educating the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. In 1941, he succeeded the fifth Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen. The Reting Rinpoche later rebelled, was captured, and died imprisoned in the Potala Palace under mysterious circumstances. State-controlled media in China claims that Thutob was responsible for the death of the 5th Reting Rinpoche, the teacher of 14th Dalai Lama and previous regent. They praise Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen as a patriot and devout Buddhist while calling Ngawang Sungrab Thutob as a \"pro-Britain, pro-slavery separatist.\" Reting Rinpoche, regardless of his political leanings, will be remembered for discovering and enthroning the current, 14th Dalai Lama. In 1955 (or 1954), the 4th Taktra or Dagzhag (\u5355\u589e\u683c\u5217, \u4e39\u589e\u683c\u5217 or \u4e39\u589e\u8d64\u70c8) was born. He was recognized by the Chinese government and Dalai Lama in 1958 (or 1957). His name was given by 14th Dalai Lama. One or two years later, Dalai Lama fled to India. Even though mass media in China evaluate Ngawang Sungrab Thutob negatively, 4th Taktra became a member of the 6th council of the Buddhist Association of China and the Vice President of Tibetan Sub-Association of Buddhist Association of China.", "Norbulingka Palace of the Dalai Lamas was built about 100 years after the Potala Palace was built on the Parkori peak, over a land area. It was built a little away to the west of the Potala for the exclusive use by the Dalai Lama to stay in during the summer months. Tenzing Gyatso, the present 14th Dalai Lama, stayed here before he fled to India. The building of the palace and the park was undertaken by the 7th Dalai Lama from 1755. The Norbulingka Park and Summer Palace were completed in 1783 under Jampel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, on the outskirts of Lhasa. and became the summer residence during the reign of the Eighth Dalai Lama. The earliest history of Norbulingka is traced originally to a spring at this location, which was used during the summer months by the 7th Dalai Lama to cure his health problems. Qing Dynasty permitted the Dalai Lama to build a palace at this location for his stay, as a resting pavilion. Since subsequent Dalai Lamas also used to stay here for their studies (before enthronement) and as a summer resort, Norbulingka came to be known as the Summer Palace of the Dalai Lama. The 8th Dalai Lama was responsible for many additions to the Norbulingka complex in the form of palaces and gardens. However, it is sometimes reported that 6th through to 12th Dalai Lamas died young and under mysterious circumstances, conjectured as having been poisoned. Most of the credit for the expansion of Norbulingka is given to the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas. It was from the Norbulingka palace that the Dalai Lama escaped to India on 17 March 1959, under the strong belief that he would be captured by the Chinese.", "Gyaincain Norbu as chosen by the Chinese government's process, and Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as chosen by the Dalai Lama. In September 2007, the Chinese government said all high monks must be approved by the government, which would include the selection of the 15th Dalai Lama after the death of Tenzin Gyatso. Since by tradition, the Panchen Lama must approve the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, that is another possible method of control. Consequently, the Dalai Lama has alluded to the possibility of a referendum to determine the 15th Dalai Lama. In response to this scenario, Tashi Wangdi, the representative of the 14th Dalai Lama, replied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. \"You can't impose an Imam, an Archbishop, saints, any religion...you can't politically impose these things on people\", said Wangdi. \"It has to be a decision of the followers of that tradition. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. Like their Panchen Lama. And they can't keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him. How can you have a religious leader like that?\" The 14th Dalai Lama said as early as 1969 that it was for the Tibetans to decide whether the institution of the Dalai Lama \"should continue or not\". He has given reference to a possible vote occurring in the future for all Tibetan Buddhists to decide whether they wish to recognize his rebirth. In response to the possibility that the PRC might attempt to choose his successor, the Dalai Lama said he would not be reborn in a country controlled by the People's Republic of China or any other country which is not free.", "Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama The 14th Dalai Lama has suggested different possibilities to identify the next (15th) Dalai Lama, but he has not publicly specified how the reincarnation would occur. The selection process may prove controversial, as the officially atheist Chinese government has expressed unusual interest in choosing the next Dalai Lama and claims it has the right to do so, something contested by Tibetan Buddhist religious authorities. Following the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the current Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelgupa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. The process can take a long time. It took four years to find the 14th (current) Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The search is generally limited to Tibet, although the current Dalai Lama has said that there is a chance that he will not be reborn, and that if he is, it would not be in a country under Chinese rule. To help them in their search, the High Lamas may have visions or dreams, and try to find signs. For example, if the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, they can watch the direction of the smoke to suggest where the rebirth will take place. When these signs have been interpreted and a successor found, there are a series of tests to ensure that they are the genuine reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. They assess the candidate against a set of criteria, and will present the child with various objects to see if they can identify those which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama. If a single candidate has been identified, the High Lamas will report their findings to eminent individuals and then to the Government."], "answer": {"text": "China to respect the human rights of Tibetans.", "answer_start": 1258}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he flee", "answer": {"text": "help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Dalai Lama appeal", "answer": {"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 1008, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#4", "question": "Did he get any awards", "rewrite": "Did the 14th Dalai Lama get any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Universe in a Single Atom The Universe in a Single Atom is a book by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama and published in 2005 by Morgan Road Books. In this book Dalai Lama engages in several scientific areas. He explores the topics of quantum physics, cosmology, consciousness and genetics in relation to Buddhism. Tenzin Gyatso, at the age of 6, was chosen as the 14th Dalai Lama. He is believed to be the reincarnation of his predecessors. At an early age, Gyatso showed interest in science and the scientific method. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom\", Tenzin Gyatso explores the commonality and difference between Buddhism and scientific argumentation. In this book, \"The Universe in a Single Atom,\" The Dalai Lama exhibits humble beginnings in science, including finding a brass telescope from the thirteenth Dalai Lama. With the telescope, he was able to find \"the rabbit on the moon,\" a Tibetan saying for a land form on the moon. Utilizing other apparatuses such as cars and watches, the Dalai Lama took interest in the mechanical operations of the objects. In the book, The Dalai Lama creates exigency for the peaceful relationship between Buddhism and science. The goal is to mitigate human suffering from both Buddhist philosophy and science. Scientists and Buddhists acknowledge that Buddhists use sensory perceptions and introspective thinking requiring cooperation of the body. In the 1980s, The Dalai Lama sought scientific advice from Francisco Varela. A product of the meeting was Varela's realization that the act of medtiation through introspective thinking could complement science. Buddhist teachings prove everything is changing and transitory. Essentially, thoughts come into our minds, then move on. Buddhists believe this is what causes suffering. The Dalai Lama believes in justifying the concept of micro-matter through the definition of inconsistent flow.", "3rd Taktra Rinpoche Ngawang Sungrab Thutob (; ) (1874\u20131952) was the third Taktra Rinpoche, (Wylie transliteration: \"sTag-brag\", also Takdrak, Tagdrag, etc.) and regent of Tibet. As regent, he was responsible for raising and educating the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. In 1941, he succeeded the fifth Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen. The Reting Rinpoche later rebelled, was captured, and died imprisoned in the Potala Palace under mysterious circumstances. State-controlled media in China claims that Thutob was responsible for the death of the 5th Reting Rinpoche, the teacher of 14th Dalai Lama and previous regent. They praise Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen as a patriot and devout Buddhist while calling Ngawang Sungrab Thutob as a \"pro-Britain, pro-slavery separatist.\" Reting Rinpoche, regardless of his political leanings, will be remembered for discovering and enthroning the current, 14th Dalai Lama. In 1955 (or 1954), the 4th Taktra or Dagzhag (\u5355\u589e\u683c\u5217, \u4e39\u589e\u683c\u5217 or \u4e39\u589e\u8d64\u70c8) was born. He was recognized by the Chinese government and Dalai Lama in 1958 (or 1957). His name was given by 14th Dalai Lama. One or two years later, Dalai Lama fled to India. Even though mass media in China evaluate Ngawang Sungrab Thutob negatively, 4th Taktra became a member of the 6th council of the Buddhist Association of China and the Vice President of Tibetan Sub-Association of Buddhist Association of China.", "Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama The 14th Dalai Lama has suggested different possibilities to identify the next (15th) Dalai Lama, but he has not publicly specified how the reincarnation would occur. The selection process may prove controversial, as the officially atheist Chinese government has expressed unusual interest in choosing the next Dalai Lama and claims it has the right to do so, something contested by Tibetan Buddhist religious authorities. Following the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the current Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelgupa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. The process can take a long time. It took four years to find the 14th (current) Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The search is generally limited to Tibet, although the current Dalai Lama has said that there is a chance that he will not be reborn, and that if he is, it would not be in a country under Chinese rule. To help them in their search, the High Lamas may have visions or dreams, and try to find signs. For example, if the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, they can watch the direction of the smoke to suggest where the rebirth will take place. When these signs have been interpreted and a successor found, there are a series of tests to ensure that they are the genuine reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. They assess the candidate against a set of criteria, and will present the child with various objects to see if they can identify those which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama. If a single candidate has been identified, the High Lamas will report their findings to eminent individuals and then to the Government.", "Norbulingka Palace of the Dalai Lamas was built about 100 years after the Potala Palace was built on the Parkori peak, over a land area. It was built a little away to the west of the Potala for the exclusive use by the Dalai Lama to stay in during the summer months. Tenzing Gyatso, the present 14th Dalai Lama, stayed here before he fled to India. The building of the palace and the park was undertaken by the 7th Dalai Lama from 1755. The Norbulingka Park and Summer Palace were completed in 1783 under Jampel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, on the outskirts of Lhasa. and became the summer residence during the reign of the Eighth Dalai Lama. The earliest history of Norbulingka is traced originally to a spring at this location, which was used during the summer months by the 7th Dalai Lama to cure his health problems. Qing Dynasty permitted the Dalai Lama to build a palace at this location for his stay, as a resting pavilion. Since subsequent Dalai Lamas also used to stay here for their studies (before enthronement) and as a summer resort, Norbulingka came to be known as the Summer Palace of the Dalai Lama. The 8th Dalai Lama was responsible for many additions to the Norbulingka complex in the form of palaces and gardens. However, it is sometimes reported that 6th through to 12th Dalai Lamas died young and under mysterious circumstances, conjectured as having been poisoned. Most of the credit for the expansion of Norbulingka is given to the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas. It was from the Norbulingka palace that the Dalai Lama escaped to India on 17 March 1959, under the strong belief that he would be captured by the Chinese.", "Gyaincain Norbu as chosen by the Chinese government's process, and Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as chosen by the Dalai Lama. In September 2007, the Chinese government said all high monks must be approved by the government, which would include the selection of the 15th Dalai Lama after the death of Tenzin Gyatso. Since by tradition, the Panchen Lama must approve the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, that is another possible method of control. Consequently, the Dalai Lama has alluded to the possibility of a referendum to determine the 15th Dalai Lama. In response to this scenario, Tashi Wangdi, the representative of the 14th Dalai Lama, replied that the Chinese government's selection would be meaningless. \"You can't impose an Imam, an Archbishop, saints, any religion...you can't politically impose these things on people\", said Wangdi. \"It has to be a decision of the followers of that tradition. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. Like their Panchen Lama. And they can't keep their Panchen Lama in Tibet. They tried to bring him to his monastery many times but people would not see him. How can you have a religious leader like that?\" The 14th Dalai Lama said as early as 1969 that it was for the Tibetans to decide whether the institution of the Dalai Lama \"should continue or not\". He has given reference to a possible vote occurring in the future for all Tibetan Buddhists to decide whether they wish to recognize his rebirth. In response to the possibility that the PRC might attempt to choose his successor, the Dalai Lama said he would not be reborn in a country controlled by the People's Republic of China or any other country which is not free."], "answer": {"text": "Indian politicians of different political parties and citizens to confer His Holiness The Dalai Lama the prestigious Bharat Ratna,", "answer_start": 33}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he flee", "answer": {"text": "help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Dalai Lama appeal", "answer": {"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 1008, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the resolution call on", "answer": {"text": "China to respect the human rights of Tibetans.", "answer_start": 1258, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#5", "question": "What is the area refered to as", "rewrite": "What is the area the 14th Dalai Lama fled to refered to as?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Norbulingka Palace of the Dalai Lamas was built about 100 years after the Potala Palace was built on the Parkori peak, over a land area. It was built a little away to the west of the Potala for the exclusive use by the Dalai Lama to stay in during the summer months. Tenzing Gyatso, the present 14th Dalai Lama, stayed here before he fled to India. The building of the palace and the park was undertaken by the 7th Dalai Lama from 1755. The Norbulingka Park and Summer Palace were completed in 1783 under Jampel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, on the outskirts of Lhasa. and became the summer residence during the reign of the Eighth Dalai Lama. The earliest history of Norbulingka is traced originally to a spring at this location, which was used during the summer months by the 7th Dalai Lama to cure his health problems. Qing Dynasty permitted the Dalai Lama to build a palace at this location for his stay, as a resting pavilion. Since subsequent Dalai Lamas also used to stay here for their studies (before enthronement) and as a summer resort, Norbulingka came to be known as the Summer Palace of the Dalai Lama. The 8th Dalai Lama was responsible for many additions to the Norbulingka complex in the form of palaces and gardens. However, it is sometimes reported that 6th through to 12th Dalai Lamas died young and under mysterious circumstances, conjectured as having been poisoned. Most of the credit for the expansion of Norbulingka is given to the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas. It was from the Norbulingka palace that the Dalai Lama escaped to India on 17 March 1959, under the strong belief that he would be captured by the Chinese.", "3rd Taktra Rinpoche Ngawang Sungrab Thutob (; ) (1874\u20131952) was the third Taktra Rinpoche, (Wylie transliteration: \"sTag-brag\", also Takdrak, Tagdrag, etc.) and regent of Tibet. As regent, he was responsible for raising and educating the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. In 1941, he succeeded the fifth Reting Rinpoche, Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen. The Reting Rinpoche later rebelled, was captured, and died imprisoned in the Potala Palace under mysterious circumstances. State-controlled media in China claims that Thutob was responsible for the death of the 5th Reting Rinpoche, the teacher of 14th Dalai Lama and previous regent. They praise Jamphel Yeshe Gyaltsen as a patriot and devout Buddhist while calling Ngawang Sungrab Thutob as a \"pro-Britain, pro-slavery separatist.\" Reting Rinpoche, regardless of his political leanings, will be remembered for discovering and enthroning the current, 14th Dalai Lama. In 1955 (or 1954), the 4th Taktra or Dagzhag (\u5355\u589e\u683c\u5217, \u4e39\u589e\u683c\u5217 or \u4e39\u589e\u8d64\u70c8) was born. He was recognized by the Chinese government and Dalai Lama in 1958 (or 1957). His name was given by 14th Dalai Lama. One or two years later, Dalai Lama fled to India. Even though mass media in China evaluate Ngawang Sungrab Thutob negatively, 4th Taktra became a member of the 6th council of the Buddhist Association of China and the Vice President of Tibetan Sub-Association of Buddhist Association of China.", "Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama The 14th Dalai Lama has suggested different possibilities to identify the next (15th) Dalai Lama, but he has not publicly specified how the reincarnation would occur. The selection process may prove controversial, as the officially atheist Chinese government has expressed unusual interest in choosing the next Dalai Lama and claims it has the right to do so, something contested by Tibetan Buddhist religious authorities. Following the Buddhist belief in the principle of reincarnation, the current Dalai Lama is believed by Buddhists to be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated. That person, when found, will then become the next Dalai Lama. According to Buddhist scholars it is the responsibility of the High Lamas of the Gelgupa tradition and the Tibetan government to seek out and find the next Dalai Lama following the death of the incumbent. The process can take a long time. It took four years to find the 14th (current) Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. The search is generally limited to Tibet, although the current Dalai Lama has said that there is a chance that he will not be reborn, and that if he is, it would not be in a country under Chinese rule. To help them in their search, the High Lamas may have visions or dreams, and try to find signs. For example, if the previous Dalai Lama was cremated, they can watch the direction of the smoke to suggest where the rebirth will take place. When these signs have been interpreted and a successor found, there are a series of tests to ensure that they are the genuine reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama. They assess the candidate against a set of criteria, and will present the child with various objects to see if they can identify those which belonged to the previous Dalai Lama. If a single candidate has been identified, the High Lamas will report their findings to eminent individuals and then to the Government.", "As a result, Sonam Gyatso became known as the Dalai Lama. Since this title was also posthumously given to Gendun Drup and Gendun Gyatso, who were considered Sonam Gyatso's previous incarnations, Sonam Gyatso was recognized as being already the 3rd Dalai Lama. The 5th Dalai Lama (r. 1642\u20131682) is known for unifying the Tibetan heartland under the control of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, after defeating the rival Kagyu and Jonang sects and the secular ruler, the Tsangpa prince, in a prolonged civil war. His efforts were successful in part because of aid from G\u00fcshi Khan, the Oirat leader who established the Khoshut Khanate. With G\u00fcshi Khan as a completely uninvolved patron, who had conferred supreme authority on the Dalai Lama for the whole of Tibet at a ceremony at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, the 5th Dalai Lama and his intimates established a civil administration which is referred to by historians as the \"Lhasa state\". All power and authority lay in the hands of the Dalai Lama right up to his death and G\u00fcshi Khan did not interfere in the administration nor tried to control its policies. The core leadership of this government is also referred to as the \"Ganden Phodrang\" or \"Ganden Podrang\", derived from the name of the estate of the Dalai Lamas at Drepung Monastery. The 5th Dalai lama initiated the construction of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, and moved the centre of government there from Drepung. It remained the chief residence of the Dalai Lama until the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India during the 1959 Tibetan uprising.", "In 1951, the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government were pressured into accepting the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet by which it became formally incorporated into the People's Republic of China. Fearing for his life in the wake of a revolt in Tibet in 1959, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India, from where he led a government in exile. With the aim of launching guerrilla operations against the Chinese, the Central Intelligence Agency funded the Dalai Lama's administration with US$1.7 million a year in the 1960s. In 2001 the 14th Dalai Lama ceded his partial power over the government to an elected parliament of selected Tibetan exiles. His original goal was full independence for Tibet, but by the late 1980s he was seeking high-level autonomy instead. He continued to seek greater autonomy from China, but Dolma Gyari, deputy speaker of the parliament-in-exile, stated: \"If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or self-determination as per the UN charter\". In 2014 and 2016, he stated that Tibet wants to be part of China but China should let Tibet preserve its culture and script. In 2018, he stated that \"Europe belongs to the Europeans\" and that Europe has a moral obligation to aid refugees whose lives are in peril. Further he stated that Europe should receive, help and educate refugees but ultimately they should return to develop their home countries. In March 2019, the Dalai Lama spoke out about his successor, saying that after his death he is likely to be reincarnated in India. He also warned that any Chinese interference in succession should not be considered valid. The 1st Dalai Lama was based at Tashi Lhunpo Monastery, which he founded, the Second to the Fifth Dalai Lamas were mainly based at Drepung Monastery outside Lhasa."], "answer": {"text": "Little Lhasa", "answer_start": 353}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he flee", "answer": {"text": "help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Dalai Lama appeal", "answer": {"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 1008, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the resolution call on", "answer": {"text": "China to respect the human rights of Tibetans.", "answer_start": 1258, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any awards", "answer": {"text": "Indian politicians of different political parties and citizens to confer His Holiness The Dalai Lama the prestigious Bharat Ratna,", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#6", "question": "What country is that in", "rewrite": "What country is Little Lhasa in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["She was survived by her partner Ryan Morey, by her parents, and by nine siblings. Lhasa was cremated, in accordance with her wishes. On January 9, a funeral ceremony was held for family and friends at the Ukrainian National Federation Hall in Montreal. A cemetery plot and stone for Lhasa are at Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery, Montreal. Following her death, it snowed in Montreal for four days. Lhasa collaborator Patrick Watson said that some of her friends felt it was a last message from her, and with experimental group Esmerine he co-wrote a song dedicated to Lhasa: \"Snow Day for Lhasa\". A sold-out memorial concert called \"La Route chante: A Community Show for Lhasa\" was held on January 6, 2012, at the Rialto Theatre in Montreal, honoring the life of Lhasa. Musicians who collaborated with Lhasa performed, along with other artists such as Katie Moore, Thomas Hellman, and Plants and Animals. Lhasa's manager, David-\u00c9tienne Savoie, and her collaborator Watson originated the concept of a memorial concert, and the musicians met in Watson's studio to rehearse. To open the concert, The Barr Brothers played together with Sarah Pag\u00e9, Miles Perkin and Joe Grass, interpreting Lhasa's \"Small Song\". Other performers included Ariane Moffatt, Esmerine, Watson, Mario L\u00e9gar\u00e9, Arthur H, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Mini\u00e8re and Brazilian-born singer B\u00efa. A second show was added the following night to accommodate demand for tickets. On January 16, Jim Corcoran devoted an episode of his CBC Radio One program \"\u00c0 Propos\", a weekly show about Quebec music, to a Lhasa tribute show.", "Within the Golmud to Lhasa section of the line there are 45 stations, 38 of which are unstaffed and monitored by the control center in Xining. Thirteen more stations are planned. The trains are specially built for high elevation environments. The diesel locomotives were built by GE in Pennsylvania, and the passenger carriages are Chinese-made 25T carriages: on train Z21/Z22, between Beijing West and Lhasa, Bombardier Sifang Transportation (BSP) made carriages on the Golmud-Lhasa section in deep green/yellow or deep red/yellow. Signs in the carriages are in Tibetan, Chinese, and English. The operational speed is and over sections laid on permafrost. The railway from Golmud to Lhasa was completed on 12 October 2005, and it opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006. The locomotives are turbocharged to combat the power-reducing effect of having to run on about half an atmosphere of air due to extreme altitude. At the beginning, only three trains ran: Beijing\u2013Lhasa (every day), Chengdu/Chongqing\u2013Lhasa (every other day), and Lanzhou/Xining\u2013Lhasa. Shanghai/Guangzhou\u2013Lhasa service were added in October 2006. In July 2010 the Shanghai\u2013Lhasa service became daily, and a daily service between Xining and Lhasa was added, but the service was then suspended for the winter season. Since October 2006, five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa, and one more pair between Xining and Golmud. The line has a capacity of eight pairs of passenger trains. The passenger carriages used on Lhasa trains are specially built and have an oxygen supply for each passenger. Every passenger train has a doctor.", "Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh Buddhism in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh has been a long recorded practice. The spread of Buddhism in the region has occurred intermediately throughout its history. Starting in the 3rd century BCE, Buddhism was propagated by the Maurya Empire under the reign of Ashoka. The region would remain an important center for Buddhism under the Kushan Empire and a it's vassals. Over the centuries the following of Buddhism has greatly fluctuated. Yet by experiencing revivals and migrations, Buddhism continued to be rooted in the region, particularly in the Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur valleys. After the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, escaped from Tibet with his followers in 1959 and took refuge in India, the focus on Tibetan Buddhism spread further and attracted immense international sympathy and support. The Dalai Lama found Dharamshala in Himachal Pradesh as an ideal place to establish his \"capital in exile\" at McLeod Ganj in close vicinity to Dharamshala, and is called the Little Lhasa and also as Dhasa (a combination of Dharamshala and Lhasa in Tibet). This situation has given the state a unique status in the global firmament of Buddhist traditions. It is now the cradle of Tibetan Buddhism, with its undeniable link to the past activities initiated in the 8th century (in 747 AD) by Guru Padmasambhava (who went to Tibet from Rewalsar in Himachal Pradesh in North India to spread Buddhism), who was known as the \"Guru Rinpoche\" and the \"Second Buddha\". The influence of Buddhism is strong throughout the Trans-Himalayan region or Western Himalayas, formed by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh and bounded by the Indus River on the extreme west and the Tons-Yamuna River gorge on the east.", "The former Lhasa prefecture lies in the Lhasa terrane, to which it gives its name. This is thought to be the last crustal block to accrete to the Eurasian plate before the collision with the Indian plate in the Cenozoic. The terrane is separated from the Himalayas to the south by the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture, and from the Qiangtang terrane to the north by the Bangong-Nujiang suture. The Lhasa terrane consisted of two blocks before the Mesozoic, the North Lhasa Block and the South Lhasa Block. These blocks were joined in the Late Paleozoic. The Lhasa terrane moved northward and collided with the Qiangtang terrane along the Bangong suture. The collision began towards the end of the late Jurassic ( Ma), and collision activity continued until the early Late Cretaceous ( Ma). During this period the terrane may have been shortened by at least . The collision caused a peripheral foreland basin to form in the north part of the Lhasa terrane. In some parts of the foreland basin the north-dipping subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic crust below the Lhasa terrane caused volcanism. The Gangdese batholith was formed as this subduction continued along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane. The Gangdese intrudes the southern half of the Lhasa terrain. Contact with India began along the Yarlung-Zangbo suture around 50 Ma during the Eocene, and the two continents continue to converge. Magmatism continued in the Gangdese arc until as late as 40 Ma. There was significant crustal shortening as the collision progressed.", "Lhasa filmed a video for the song \"Con toda palabra\"; directed by Ralph Dfouni and Brigitte Henry, the video was nominated in 2006 for a Juno Award but did not win. At the 2007 ION International Film Festival, the video was named the \"Music Video of the Year\". Lhasa published a French-language book in 2008, titled \"La Route chante\" (\"The Road sings\"). The book offers snippets of experiences and impressions of Lhasa's life on the road with her sisters, of music, and of her childhood. Lhasa's third album \"Lhasa\" was released in April 2009 in Canada and Europe, with fewer musicians involved in the production. The next month in the U.S., she could also be heard on the title track of Patrick Watson's album \"Wooden Arms\". After the \"Lhasa\" album was recorded but before it was released, Lhasa was diagnosed with breast cancer. The album's closing song, \"Anyone and Everyone\", was described as prophetic by Jan Fairley of \"The Guardian\" \u2013 it was written from the viewpoint of one who knows death is near. Lhasa said that the song was about inner happiness and \"feeling my feet in the earth, having a place in the world, of things taking care of themselves.\" Because of her illness, Lhasa canceled a proposed world tour that would have begun in late 2009. She also set aside plans to make an album of songs written by Chileans Victor Jara and Violeta Parra. Following a 21-month-long battle with breast cancer, Lhasa died, age 37, on the evening of January 1, 2010, at her home in Montreal."], "answer": {"text": "India,", "answer_start": 315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he flee", "answer": {"text": "help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Dalai Lama appeal", "answer": {"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 1008, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the resolution call on", "answer": {"text": "China to respect the human rights of Tibetans.", "answer_start": 1258, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any awards", "answer": {"text": "Indian politicians of different political parties and citizens to confer His Holiness The Dalai Lama the prestigious Bharat Ratna,", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is the area refered to as", "answer": {"text": "Little Lhasa", "answer_start": 353, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb08579198864ff882efcf4a0fc24b4c_1_q#7", "question": "What city is that in india", "rewrite": "What city is Little Lhasa in india?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh Buddhism in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh has been a long recorded practice. The spread of Buddhism in the region has occurred intermediately throughout its history. Starting in the 3rd century BCE, Buddhism was propagated by the Maurya Empire under the reign of Ashoka. The region would remain an important center for Buddhism under the Kushan Empire and a it's vassals. Over the centuries the following of Buddhism has greatly fluctuated. Yet by experiencing revivals and migrations, Buddhism continued to be rooted in the region, particularly in the Lahaul, Spiti and Kinnaur valleys. After the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, escaped from Tibet with his followers in 1959 and took refuge in India, the focus on Tibetan Buddhism spread further and attracted immense international sympathy and support. The Dalai Lama found Dharamshala in Himachal Pradesh as an ideal place to establish his \"capital in exile\" at McLeod Ganj in close vicinity to Dharamshala, and is called the Little Lhasa and also as Dhasa (a combination of Dharamshala and Lhasa in Tibet). This situation has given the state a unique status in the global firmament of Buddhist traditions. It is now the cradle of Tibetan Buddhism, with its undeniable link to the past activities initiated in the 8th century (in 747 AD) by Guru Padmasambhava (who went to Tibet from Rewalsar in Himachal Pradesh in North India to spread Buddhism), who was known as the \"Guru Rinpoche\" and the \"Second Buddha\". The influence of Buddhism is strong throughout the Trans-Himalayan region or Western Himalayas, formed by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh and bounded by the Indus River on the extreme west and the Tons-Yamuna River gorge on the east.", "At the outset of the 1959 Tibetan uprising, fearing for his life, the Dalai Lama and his retinue fled Tibet with the help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959, reaching Tezpur in Assam on 18 April. Some time later he set up the Government of Tibet in Exile in Dharamshala, India, which is often referred to as \"Little Lhasa\". After the founding of the government in exile he re-established the approximately 80,000 Tibetan refugees who followed him into exile in agricultural settlements. He created a Tibetan educational system in order to teach the Tibetan children the language, history, religion, and culture. The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts was established in 1959 and the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies became the primary university for Tibetans in India in 1967. He supported the refounding of 200 monasteries and nunneries in an attempt to preserve Tibetan Buddhist teachings and the Tibetan way of life. The Dalai Lama appealed to the United Nations on the rights of Tibetans. This appeal resulted in three resolutions adopted by the General Assembly in 1959, 1961, and 1965, all before the People's Republic was allowed representation at the United Nations. The resolutions called on China to respect the human rights of Tibetans. In 1963, he promulgated a democratic constitution which is based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, creating an elected parliament and an administration to champion his cause. In 1970, he opened the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamshala which houses over 80,000 manuscripts and important knowledge resources related to Tibetan history, politics and culture. It is considered one of the most important institutions for Tibetology in the world.", "Within the Golmud to Lhasa section of the line there are 45 stations, 38 of which are unstaffed and monitored by the control center in Xining. Thirteen more stations are planned. The trains are specially built for high elevation environments. The diesel locomotives were built by GE in Pennsylvania, and the passenger carriages are Chinese-made 25T carriages: on train Z21/Z22, between Beijing West and Lhasa, Bombardier Sifang Transportation (BSP) made carriages on the Golmud-Lhasa section in deep green/yellow or deep red/yellow. Signs in the carriages are in Tibetan, Chinese, and English. The operational speed is and over sections laid on permafrost. The railway from Golmud to Lhasa was completed on 12 October 2005, and it opened to regular trial service on 1 July 2006. The locomotives are turbocharged to combat the power-reducing effect of having to run on about half an atmosphere of air due to extreme altitude. At the beginning, only three trains ran: Beijing\u2013Lhasa (every day), Chengdu/Chongqing\u2013Lhasa (every other day), and Lanzhou/Xining\u2013Lhasa. Shanghai/Guangzhou\u2013Lhasa service were added in October 2006. In July 2010 the Shanghai\u2013Lhasa service became daily, and a daily service between Xining and Lhasa was added, but the service was then suspended for the winter season. Since October 2006, five pairs of passenger trains run between Golmud and Lhasa, and one more pair between Xining and Golmud. The line has a capacity of eight pairs of passenger trains. The passenger carriages used on Lhasa trains are specially built and have an oxygen supply for each passenger. Every passenger train has a doctor.", "At the outset of the 1959 Tibetan uprising, fearing for his life, the Dalai Lama and his retinue fled Tibet with the help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959, reaching Tezpur in Assam on 18 April. Some time later he set up the Government of Tibet in Exile in Dharamshala, India, which is often referred to as \"Little Lhasa\". After the founding of the government in exile he re-established the approximately 80,000 Tibetan refugees who followed him into exile in agricultural settlements. He created a Tibetan educational system in order to teach the Tibetan children the language, history, religion, and culture. The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts was established in 1959 and the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies became the primary university for Tibetans in India in 1967. He supported the refounding of 200 monasteries and nunneries in an attempt to preserve Tibetan Buddhist teachings and the Tibetan way of life. The Dalai Lama appealed to the United Nations on the rights of Tibetans. This appeal resulted in three resolutions adopted by the General Assembly in 1959, 1961, and 1965, all before the People's Republic was allowed representation at the United Nations. The resolutions called on China to respect the human rights of Tibetans. In 1963, he promulgated a democratic constitution which is based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, creating an elected parliament and an administration to champion his cause. In 1970, he opened the Library of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamshala which houses over 80,000 manuscripts and important knowledge resources related to Tibetan history, politics and culture. It is considered one of the most important institutions for Tibetology in the world.", "in 1959, Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, escaped from Tibet to India along with numerous Tibetan refugees, and set up the government of Tibet in Exile in Dharamshala, India, which is often referred to as \"Little Lhasa\", after the Tibetan capital city. Tibetan exiles numbering several thousand have since settled in the town. Most of these exiles live in Upper Dharamsala, or McLeod Ganj, where they established monasteries, temples and schools. The town has become one of the centres of Buddhism in the world. The Buddhist population in the modern era nation of India grew at a decadal rate of 22.5% between 1901 and 1981, due to birth rates and conversions, or about the same rate as Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism, but faster than Christianity (16.8%), and slower than Islam (30.7%). According to a 2010 Pew estimate, the total Buddhist population had increased to about 10 million in the nations created from British India. Of these, about 7.2% lived in Bangladesh, 92.5% in India and 0.2% in Pakistan."], "answer": {"text": "Dharamshala,", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the 14th Dalai Lama's uprising", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he flee", "answer": {"text": "help of the CIA's Special Activities Division, crossing into India on 30 March 1959,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Dalai Lama appeal", "answer": {"text": "United Nations", "answer_start": 1008, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the resolution call on", "answer": {"text": "China to respect the human rights of Tibetans.", "answer_start": 1258, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any awards", "answer": {"text": "Indian politicians of different political parties and citizens to confer His Holiness The Dalai Lama the prestigious Bharat Ratna,", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is the area refered to as", "answer": {"text": "Little Lhasa", "answer_start": 353, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What country is that in", "answer": {"text": "India,", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4b4613a3f04cee8cf441d13ae94f3c_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Tom Coburn grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Tom Coburn grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jonathan Lacoste Jonathan Lacoste (born September 2, 1993) is an American internet entrepreneur currently living inBoston, Massachusetts. In 2011, Lacoste along with classmate and friend Tom Coburn, co-founded Jebbit, an enterprise software company in the mobile marketing and consumer data space. Lacoste currently serves as the company's President and sits on the Board of Directors. Lacoste was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio to Jean and Jane Lacoste along with two younger brothers, Joshua and Joel. He is the grandson of R\u00e9n\u00e9 Lacoste. He received his high school diploma from St. Edward High School, a private, all-male Catholic, college-preparatory high school located inCleveland, Ohio. Growing up, Lacoste was a nationally ranked ice hockey goaltender. At the World Hockey Cup, Lacoste was awarded the \"B\u00e4sta M\u00e5lvakt\" or \"Best Goaltender\" Award in Stockholm, Sweden. He also became the youngest goaltender to win a game in the North American Hockey League (NAHL) at the age of 16 years, 3 months for the Alpena IceDiggers. Lacoste started his academic career at Boston College, however, ended up dropping out of school after his third semester. While at Boston College, Lacoste launched Jebbit with classmates Tom Coburn and Chase McAleese. Lacoste's co-founder, Tom Coburn, received the initial inspiration for Jebbit in an airport as he observed a Hulu TV show on his laptop and realized how infrequently he paid attention to online advertising. Coburn began tinkering around with the idea on his own and eventually entered it into the Boston College Venture Competition under the working name, Additupp.", "He led across almost all demographic groups Only among Democrats, non-whites, liberals, and those who pick health care as #1 issue favor Fingerhut. It should be noted that the election coincided with the presidential election, where Ohio was a swing state. 27% of Voinovich's supporters preferred U.S. Senator John Kerry for president. Incumbent Republican Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat, beating Brad Carson, a Democratic U.S. Representative Kirk Humphreys, the former mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy.", "O. W. Coburn School of Law The O. W. Coburn School of Law was the law school of Oral Roberts University. The school was named after donor Orin Wesley Coburn, the founder of Coburn Optical Industries and the father of future US politician Tom Coburn. The school opened in 1979. Its founding dean was Charles Kothe, a Tulsa, Oklahoma labor attorney. Other professors included Anita Hill, John Eidsmoe, Gary Lane, Herb Titus, and Rutherford Institute founder John W. Whitehead. In 1986, the school closed, with its 190,000 volume law library, as well as 5 professors and 23 students, moving to CBN University (now Regent University). Since the new CBN law school would not initially be accredited (and in fact did not receive provisional accreditation until 1989), students graduating in spring 1987 were allowed to state they graduated from Coburn, in order to be listed as graduating from an accredited school. U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann began attending Coburn the first year it opened, and graduated as part of its last class. In May 1981, the American Bar Association (ABA), which provides accreditation for US law schools, denied Coburn's initial application for provisional accreditation. Oral Roberts University's requirement that students must take an oath of religious faith was considered to be contrary to ABA's Standard 211, which states: The school sued the ABA, claiming that the denial was a violation of their First Amendment rights. A judge enjoined the ABA from denying provisional accreditation, ruling that the ABA's role in accreditation is equivalent to a \"state action,\" and that Standard 211 denied a private institution's right to freedom of religion without any restrictions by the state. After a \"spirited debate,\" the ABA's House of Delegates in August 1981 voted 147 to 127 to amend Standard 211 to add a clause including the phrase:", "Next asking about campaign contributions, and difference of a contribution and a bribe, and referenced President Barack Obama's large amounts of fundraising from private funds, Sotomayor agreed with the statements that Cornyn made about whether or not it was the right of individuals to contribute. Senator Arlen Specter began his questioning, and asked about the number of cases that the Supreme Court hears, to which Sotomayor responded that \"it appears\" the Supreme Court \"has the capacity to hear more cases.\" Specter raised specific court cases, and referenced his previous questions about the September 11 attacks in 2001, to which Sotomayor responded in the same fashion as when she had been asked the question before. The committee recessed afterward. After recess, Senator Tom Coburn began his questioning of Sotomayor, and began by again asking about precedent, and ruling by the law. Coburn then went on to reiterate his earlier questions about abortion, including whether or not \"Roe v. Wade\" overrode the state's positions on abortion, which Sotomayor stated that she did not know, before Coburn stated that it was. Senator Al Franken then began his questioning, and asked why Sotomayor wants to be a Supreme Court justice. Franken then stated that he would in fact be supporting Sotomayor, after she told a story from when she first began her career. Senator Jeff Sessions next began a third round of questioning, to raise concerns that he had about some of Sotomayor's answers. Sessions then stated that he would not support a Republican filibuster. Third-round questioning continued with Senators Orrin Hatch, Chuck Grassley, Jon Kyl, Lindsey Graham, John Cornyn, Tom Coburn, and Patrick Leahy briefly raising their concerns, and getting short answers from Sotomayor.", "2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 2004. The election was concurrent with elections to the United States House of Representatives and the presidential election. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat. Humphreys, the former Mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy. To drive the point home, one television advertisement aired by the Coburn campaign accused Carson of being \"dangerously liberal\" and not supporting the War on Terrorism."], "answer": {"text": "Casper, Wyoming,", "answer_start": 19}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9d4b4613a3f04cee8cf441d13ae94f3c_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he go to high school?", "rewrite": "Where did Tom Coburn go to high school?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jonathan Lacoste Jonathan Lacoste (born September 2, 1993) is an American internet entrepreneur currently living inBoston, Massachusetts. In 2011, Lacoste along with classmate and friend Tom Coburn, co-founded Jebbit, an enterprise software company in the mobile marketing and consumer data space. Lacoste currently serves as the company's President and sits on the Board of Directors. Lacoste was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio to Jean and Jane Lacoste along with two younger brothers, Joshua and Joel. He is the grandson of R\u00e9n\u00e9 Lacoste. He received his high school diploma from St. Edward High School, a private, all-male Catholic, college-preparatory high school located inCleveland, Ohio. Growing up, Lacoste was a nationally ranked ice hockey goaltender. At the World Hockey Cup, Lacoste was awarded the \"B\u00e4sta M\u00e5lvakt\" or \"Best Goaltender\" Award in Stockholm, Sweden. He also became the youngest goaltender to win a game in the North American Hockey League (NAHL) at the age of 16 years, 3 months for the Alpena IceDiggers. Lacoste started his academic career at Boston College, however, ended up dropping out of school after his third semester. While at Boston College, Lacoste launched Jebbit with classmates Tom Coburn and Chase McAleese. Lacoste's co-founder, Tom Coburn, received the initial inspiration for Jebbit in an airport as he observed a Hulu TV show on his laptop and realized how infrequently he paid attention to online advertising. Coburn began tinkering around with the idea on his own and eventually entered it into the Boston College Venture Competition under the working name, Additupp.", "Next asking about campaign contributions, and difference of a contribution and a bribe, and referenced President Barack Obama's large amounts of fundraising from private funds, Sotomayor agreed with the statements that Cornyn made about whether or not it was the right of individuals to contribute. Senator Arlen Specter began his questioning, and asked about the number of cases that the Supreme Court hears, to which Sotomayor responded that \"it appears\" the Supreme Court \"has the capacity to hear more cases.\" Specter raised specific court cases, and referenced his previous questions about the September 11 attacks in 2001, to which Sotomayor responded in the same fashion as when she had been asked the question before. The committee recessed afterward. After recess, Senator Tom Coburn began his questioning of Sotomayor, and began by again asking about precedent, and ruling by the law. Coburn then went on to reiterate his earlier questions about abortion, including whether or not \"Roe v. Wade\" overrode the state's positions on abortion, which Sotomayor stated that she did not know, before Coburn stated that it was. Senator Al Franken then began his questioning, and asked why Sotomayor wants to be a Supreme Court justice. Franken then stated that he would in fact be supporting Sotomayor, after she told a story from when she first began her career. Senator Jeff Sessions next began a third round of questioning, to raise concerns that he had about some of Sotomayor's answers. Sessions then stated that he would not support a Republican filibuster. Third-round questioning continued with Senators Orrin Hatch, Chuck Grassley, Jon Kyl, Lindsey Graham, John Cornyn, Tom Coburn, and Patrick Leahy briefly raising their concerns, and getting short answers from Sotomayor.", "He led across almost all demographic groups Only among Democrats, non-whites, liberals, and those who pick health care as #1 issue favor Fingerhut. It should be noted that the election coincided with the presidential election, where Ohio was a swing state. 27% of Voinovich's supporters preferred U.S. Senator John Kerry for president. Incumbent Republican Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat, beating Brad Carson, a Democratic U.S. Representative Kirk Humphreys, the former mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy.", "O. W. Coburn School of Law The O. W. Coburn School of Law was the law school of Oral Roberts University. The school was named after donor Orin Wesley Coburn, the founder of Coburn Optical Industries and the father of future US politician Tom Coburn. The school opened in 1979. Its founding dean was Charles Kothe, a Tulsa, Oklahoma labor attorney. Other professors included Anita Hill, John Eidsmoe, Gary Lane, Herb Titus, and Rutherford Institute founder John W. Whitehead. In 1986, the school closed, with its 190,000 volume law library, as well as 5 professors and 23 students, moving to CBN University (now Regent University). Since the new CBN law school would not initially be accredited (and in fact did not receive provisional accreditation until 1989), students graduating in spring 1987 were allowed to state they graduated from Coburn, in order to be listed as graduating from an accredited school. U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann began attending Coburn the first year it opened, and graduated as part of its last class. In May 1981, the American Bar Association (ABA), which provides accreditation for US law schools, denied Coburn's initial application for provisional accreditation. Oral Roberts University's requirement that students must take an oath of religious faith was considered to be contrary to ABA's Standard 211, which states: The school sued the ABA, claiming that the denial was a violation of their First Amendment rights. A judge enjoined the ABA from denying provisional accreditation, ruling that the ABA's role in accreditation is equivalent to a \"state action,\" and that Standard 211 denied a private institution's right to freedom of religion without any restrictions by the state. After a \"spirited debate,\" the ABA's House of Delegates in August 1981 voted 147 to 127 to amend Standard 211 to add a clause including the phrase:", "2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 2004. The election was concurrent with elections to the United States House of Representatives and the presidential election. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat. Humphreys, the former Mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy. To drive the point home, one television advertisement aired by the Coburn campaign accused Carson of being \"dangerously liberal\" and not supporting the War on Terrorism."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tom Coburn grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Casper, Wyoming,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4b4613a3f04cee8cf441d13ae94f3c_1_q#2", "question": "Did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Tom Coburn go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jonathan Lacoste Jonathan Lacoste (born September 2, 1993) is an American internet entrepreneur currently living inBoston, Massachusetts. In 2011, Lacoste along with classmate and friend Tom Coburn, co-founded Jebbit, an enterprise software company in the mobile marketing and consumer data space. Lacoste currently serves as the company's President and sits on the Board of Directors. Lacoste was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio to Jean and Jane Lacoste along with two younger brothers, Joshua and Joel. He is the grandson of R\u00e9n\u00e9 Lacoste. He received his high school diploma from St. Edward High School, a private, all-male Catholic, college-preparatory high school located inCleveland, Ohio. Growing up, Lacoste was a nationally ranked ice hockey goaltender. At the World Hockey Cup, Lacoste was awarded the \"B\u00e4sta M\u00e5lvakt\" or \"Best Goaltender\" Award in Stockholm, Sweden. He also became the youngest goaltender to win a game in the North American Hockey League (NAHL) at the age of 16 years, 3 months for the Alpena IceDiggers. Lacoste started his academic career at Boston College, however, ended up dropping out of school after his third semester. While at Boston College, Lacoste launched Jebbit with classmates Tom Coburn and Chase McAleese. Lacoste's co-founder, Tom Coburn, received the initial inspiration for Jebbit in an airport as he observed a Hulu TV show on his laptop and realized how infrequently he paid attention to online advertising. Coburn began tinkering around with the idea on his own and eventually entered it into the Boston College Venture Competition under the working name, Additupp.", "O. W. Coburn School of Law The O. W. Coburn School of Law was the law school of Oral Roberts University. The school was named after donor Orin Wesley Coburn, the founder of Coburn Optical Industries and the father of future US politician Tom Coburn. The school opened in 1979. Its founding dean was Charles Kothe, a Tulsa, Oklahoma labor attorney. Other professors included Anita Hill, John Eidsmoe, Gary Lane, Herb Titus, and Rutherford Institute founder John W. Whitehead. In 1986, the school closed, with its 190,000 volume law library, as well as 5 professors and 23 students, moving to CBN University (now Regent University). Since the new CBN law school would not initially be accredited (and in fact did not receive provisional accreditation until 1989), students graduating in spring 1987 were allowed to state they graduated from Coburn, in order to be listed as graduating from an accredited school. U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann began attending Coburn the first year it opened, and graduated as part of its last class. In May 1981, the American Bar Association (ABA), which provides accreditation for US law schools, denied Coburn's initial application for provisional accreditation. Oral Roberts University's requirement that students must take an oath of religious faith was considered to be contrary to ABA's Standard 211, which states: The school sued the ABA, claiming that the denial was a violation of their First Amendment rights. A judge enjoined the ABA from denying provisional accreditation, ruling that the ABA's role in accreditation is equivalent to a \"state action,\" and that Standard 211 denied a private institution's right to freedom of religion without any restrictions by the state. After a \"spirited debate,\" the ABA's House of Delegates in August 1981 voted 147 to 127 to amend Standard 211 to add a clause including the phrase:", "Next asking about campaign contributions, and difference of a contribution and a bribe, and referenced President Barack Obama's large amounts of fundraising from private funds, Sotomayor agreed with the statements that Cornyn made about whether or not it was the right of individuals to contribute. Senator Arlen Specter began his questioning, and asked about the number of cases that the Supreme Court hears, to which Sotomayor responded that \"it appears\" the Supreme Court \"has the capacity to hear more cases.\" Specter raised specific court cases, and referenced his previous questions about the September 11 attacks in 2001, to which Sotomayor responded in the same fashion as when she had been asked the question before. The committee recessed afterward. After recess, Senator Tom Coburn began his questioning of Sotomayor, and began by again asking about precedent, and ruling by the law. Coburn then went on to reiterate his earlier questions about abortion, including whether or not \"Roe v. Wade\" overrode the state's positions on abortion, which Sotomayor stated that she did not know, before Coburn stated that it was. Senator Al Franken then began his questioning, and asked why Sotomayor wants to be a Supreme Court justice. Franken then stated that he would in fact be supporting Sotomayor, after she told a story from when she first began her career. Senator Jeff Sessions next began a third round of questioning, to raise concerns that he had about some of Sotomayor's answers. Sessions then stated that he would not support a Republican filibuster. Third-round questioning continued with Senators Orrin Hatch, Chuck Grassley, Jon Kyl, Lindsey Graham, John Cornyn, Tom Coburn, and Patrick Leahy briefly raising their concerns, and getting short answers from Sotomayor.", "He led across almost all demographic groups Only among Democrats, non-whites, liberals, and those who pick health care as #1 issue favor Fingerhut. It should be noted that the election coincided with the presidential election, where Ohio was a swing state. 27% of Voinovich's supporters preferred U.S. Senator John Kerry for president. Incumbent Republican Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat, beating Brad Carson, a Democratic U.S. Representative Kirk Humphreys, the former mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy.", "2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 2004. The election was concurrent with elections to the United States House of Representatives and the presidential election. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat. Humphreys, the former Mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy. To drive the point home, one television advertisement aired by the Coburn campaign accused Carson of being \"dangerously liberal\" and not supporting the War on Terrorism."], "answer": {"text": "Coburn graduated with a B.S. in accounting from Oklahoma State University,", "answer_start": 281}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tom Coburn grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Casper, Wyoming,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to high school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4b4613a3f04cee8cf441d13ae94f3c_1_q#3", "question": "Did he go to medical school?", "rewrite": "Did Tom Coburn go to medical school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 2004. The election was concurrent with elections to the United States House of Representatives and the presidential election. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat. Humphreys, the former Mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy. To drive the point home, one television advertisement aired by the Coburn campaign accused Carson of being \"dangerously liberal\" and not supporting the War on Terrorism.", "He led across almost all demographic groups Only among Democrats, non-whites, liberals, and those who pick health care as #1 issue favor Fingerhut. It should be noted that the election coincided with the presidential election, where Ohio was a swing state. 27% of Voinovich's supporters preferred U.S. Senator John Kerry for president. Incumbent Republican Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat, beating Brad Carson, a Democratic U.S. Representative Kirk Humphreys, the former mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy.", "O. W. Coburn School of Law The O. W. Coburn School of Law was the law school of Oral Roberts University. The school was named after donor Orin Wesley Coburn, the founder of Coburn Optical Industries and the father of future US politician Tom Coburn. The school opened in 1979. Its founding dean was Charles Kothe, a Tulsa, Oklahoma labor attorney. Other professors included Anita Hill, John Eidsmoe, Gary Lane, Herb Titus, and Rutherford Institute founder John W. Whitehead. In 1986, the school closed, with its 190,000 volume law library, as well as 5 professors and 23 students, moving to CBN University (now Regent University). Since the new CBN law school would not initially be accredited (and in fact did not receive provisional accreditation until 1989), students graduating in spring 1987 were allowed to state they graduated from Coburn, in order to be listed as graduating from an accredited school. U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann began attending Coburn the first year it opened, and graduated as part of its last class. In May 1981, the American Bar Association (ABA), which provides accreditation for US law schools, denied Coburn's initial application for provisional accreditation. Oral Roberts University's requirement that students must take an oath of religious faith was considered to be contrary to ABA's Standard 211, which states: The school sued the ABA, claiming that the denial was a violation of their First Amendment rights. A judge enjoined the ABA from denying provisional accreditation, ruling that the ABA's role in accreditation is equivalent to a \"state action,\" and that Standard 211 denied a private institution's right to freedom of religion without any restrictions by the state. After a \"spirited debate,\" the ABA's House of Delegates in August 1981 voted 147 to 127 to amend Standard 211 to add a clause including the phrase:", "Next asking about campaign contributions, and difference of a contribution and a bribe, and referenced President Barack Obama's large amounts of fundraising from private funds, Sotomayor agreed with the statements that Cornyn made about whether or not it was the right of individuals to contribute. Senator Arlen Specter began his questioning, and asked about the number of cases that the Supreme Court hears, to which Sotomayor responded that \"it appears\" the Supreme Court \"has the capacity to hear more cases.\" Specter raised specific court cases, and referenced his previous questions about the September 11 attacks in 2001, to which Sotomayor responded in the same fashion as when she had been asked the question before. The committee recessed afterward. After recess, Senator Tom Coburn began his questioning of Sotomayor, and began by again asking about precedent, and ruling by the law. Coburn then went on to reiterate his earlier questions about abortion, including whether or not \"Roe v. Wade\" overrode the state's positions on abortion, which Sotomayor stated that she did not know, before Coburn stated that it was. Senator Al Franken then began his questioning, and asked why Sotomayor wants to be a Supreme Court justice. Franken then stated that he would in fact be supporting Sotomayor, after she told a story from when she first began her career. Senator Jeff Sessions next began a third round of questioning, to raise concerns that he had about some of Sotomayor's answers. Sessions then stated that he would not support a Republican filibuster. Third-round questioning continued with Senators Orrin Hatch, Chuck Grassley, Jon Kyl, Lindsey Graham, John Cornyn, Tom Coburn, and Patrick Leahy briefly raising their concerns, and getting short answers from Sotomayor.", "Jonathan Lacoste Jonathan Lacoste (born September 2, 1993) is an American internet entrepreneur currently living inBoston, Massachusetts. In 2011, Lacoste along with classmate and friend Tom Coburn, co-founded Jebbit, an enterprise software company in the mobile marketing and consumer data space. Lacoste currently serves as the company's President and sits on the Board of Directors. Lacoste was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio to Jean and Jane Lacoste along with two younger brothers, Joshua and Joel. He is the grandson of R\u00e9n\u00e9 Lacoste. He received his high school diploma from St. Edward High School, a private, all-male Catholic, college-preparatory high school located inCleveland, Ohio. Growing up, Lacoste was a nationally ranked ice hockey goaltender. At the World Hockey Cup, Lacoste was awarded the \"B\u00e4sta M\u00e5lvakt\" or \"Best Goaltender\" Award in Stockholm, Sweden. He also became the youngest goaltender to win a game in the North American Hockey League (NAHL) at the age of 16 years, 3 months for the Alpena IceDiggers. Lacoste started his academic career at Boston College, however, ended up dropping out of school after his third semester. While at Boston College, Lacoste launched Jebbit with classmates Tom Coburn and Chase McAleese. Lacoste's co-founder, Tom Coburn, received the initial inspiration for Jebbit in an airport as he observed a Hulu TV show on his laptop and realized how infrequently he paid attention to online advertising. Coburn began tinkering around with the idea on his own and eventually entered it into the Boston College Venture Competition under the working name, Additupp."], "answer": {"text": "served as president of the College of Business Student Council.", "answer_start": 607}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tom Coburn grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Casper, Wyoming,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to high school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "Coburn graduated with a B.S. in accounting from Oklahoma State University,", "answer_start": 281, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4b4613a3f04cee8cf441d13ae94f3c_1_q#4", "question": "What was his medical career?", "rewrite": "What was Tom Coburn's medical career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["O. W. Coburn School of Law The O. W. Coburn School of Law was the law school of Oral Roberts University. The school was named after donor Orin Wesley Coburn, the founder of Coburn Optical Industries and the father of future US politician Tom Coburn. The school opened in 1979. Its founding dean was Charles Kothe, a Tulsa, Oklahoma labor attorney. Other professors included Anita Hill, John Eidsmoe, Gary Lane, Herb Titus, and Rutherford Institute founder John W. Whitehead. In 1986, the school closed, with its 190,000 volume law library, as well as 5 professors and 23 students, moving to CBN University (now Regent University). Since the new CBN law school would not initially be accredited (and in fact did not receive provisional accreditation until 1989), students graduating in spring 1987 were allowed to state they graduated from Coburn, in order to be listed as graduating from an accredited school. U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann began attending Coburn the first year it opened, and graduated as part of its last class. In May 1981, the American Bar Association (ABA), which provides accreditation for US law schools, denied Coburn's initial application for provisional accreditation. Oral Roberts University's requirement that students must take an oath of religious faith was considered to be contrary to ABA's Standard 211, which states: The school sued the ABA, claiming that the denial was a violation of their First Amendment rights. A judge enjoined the ABA from denying provisional accreditation, ruling that the ABA's role in accreditation is equivalent to a \"state action,\" and that Standard 211 denied a private institution's right to freedom of religion without any restrictions by the state. After a \"spirited debate,\" the ABA's House of Delegates in August 1981 voted 147 to 127 to amend Standard 211 to add a clause including the phrase:", "2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 2004. The election was concurrent with elections to the United States House of Representatives and the presidential election. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat. Humphreys, the former Mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy. To drive the point home, one television advertisement aired by the Coburn campaign accused Carson of being \"dangerously liberal\" and not supporting the War on Terrorism.", "Next asking about campaign contributions, and difference of a contribution and a bribe, and referenced President Barack Obama's large amounts of fundraising from private funds, Sotomayor agreed with the statements that Cornyn made about whether or not it was the right of individuals to contribute. Senator Arlen Specter began his questioning, and asked about the number of cases that the Supreme Court hears, to which Sotomayor responded that \"it appears\" the Supreme Court \"has the capacity to hear more cases.\" Specter raised specific court cases, and referenced his previous questions about the September 11 attacks in 2001, to which Sotomayor responded in the same fashion as when she had been asked the question before. The committee recessed afterward. After recess, Senator Tom Coburn began his questioning of Sotomayor, and began by again asking about precedent, and ruling by the law. Coburn then went on to reiterate his earlier questions about abortion, including whether or not \"Roe v. Wade\" overrode the state's positions on abortion, which Sotomayor stated that she did not know, before Coburn stated that it was. Senator Al Franken then began his questioning, and asked why Sotomayor wants to be a Supreme Court justice. Franken then stated that he would in fact be supporting Sotomayor, after she told a story from when she first began her career. Senator Jeff Sessions next began a third round of questioning, to raise concerns that he had about some of Sotomayor's answers. Sessions then stated that he would not support a Republican filibuster. Third-round questioning continued with Senators Orrin Hatch, Chuck Grassley, Jon Kyl, Lindsey Graham, John Cornyn, Tom Coburn, and Patrick Leahy briefly raising their concerns, and getting short answers from Sotomayor.", "Jonathan Lacoste Jonathan Lacoste (born September 2, 1993) is an American internet entrepreneur currently living inBoston, Massachusetts. In 2011, Lacoste along with classmate and friend Tom Coburn, co-founded Jebbit, an enterprise software company in the mobile marketing and consumer data space. Lacoste currently serves as the company's President and sits on the Board of Directors. Lacoste was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio to Jean and Jane Lacoste along with two younger brothers, Joshua and Joel. He is the grandson of R\u00e9n\u00e9 Lacoste. He received his high school diploma from St. Edward High School, a private, all-male Catholic, college-preparatory high school located inCleveland, Ohio. Growing up, Lacoste was a nationally ranked ice hockey goaltender. At the World Hockey Cup, Lacoste was awarded the \"B\u00e4sta M\u00e5lvakt\" or \"Best Goaltender\" Award in Stockholm, Sweden. He also became the youngest goaltender to win a game in the North American Hockey League (NAHL) at the age of 16 years, 3 months for the Alpena IceDiggers. Lacoste started his academic career at Boston College, however, ended up dropping out of school after his third semester. While at Boston College, Lacoste launched Jebbit with classmates Tom Coburn and Chase McAleese. Lacoste's co-founder, Tom Coburn, received the initial inspiration for Jebbit in an airport as he observed a Hulu TV show on his laptop and realized how infrequently he paid attention to online advertising. Coburn began tinkering around with the idea on his own and eventually entered it into the Boston College Venture Competition under the working name, Additupp.", "He led across almost all demographic groups Only among Democrats, non-whites, liberals, and those who pick health care as #1 issue favor Fingerhut. It should be noted that the election coincided with the presidential election, where Ohio was a swing state. 27% of Voinovich's supporters preferred U.S. Senator John Kerry for president. Incumbent Republican Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat, beating Brad Carson, a Democratic U.S. Representative Kirk Humphreys, the former mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy."], "answer": {"text": "He then opened Maternal & Family Practice in Muskogee, Oklahoma,", "answer_start": 1135}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tom Coburn grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Casper, Wyoming,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to high school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "Coburn graduated with a B.S. in accounting from Oklahoma State University,", "answer_start": 281, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to medical school?", "answer": {"text": "served as president of the College of Business Student Council.", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4b4613a3f04cee8cf441d13ae94f3c_1_q#5", "question": "Was he a doctor?", "rewrite": "Was Tom Coburn a doctor?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["O. W. Coburn School of Law The O. W. Coburn School of Law was the law school of Oral Roberts University. The school was named after donor Orin Wesley Coburn, the founder of Coburn Optical Industries and the father of future US politician Tom Coburn. The school opened in 1979. Its founding dean was Charles Kothe, a Tulsa, Oklahoma labor attorney. Other professors included Anita Hill, John Eidsmoe, Gary Lane, Herb Titus, and Rutherford Institute founder John W. Whitehead. In 1986, the school closed, with its 190,000 volume law library, as well as 5 professors and 23 students, moving to CBN University (now Regent University). Since the new CBN law school would not initially be accredited (and in fact did not receive provisional accreditation until 1989), students graduating in spring 1987 were allowed to state they graduated from Coburn, in order to be listed as graduating from an accredited school. U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann began attending Coburn the first year it opened, and graduated as part of its last class. In May 1981, the American Bar Association (ABA), which provides accreditation for US law schools, denied Coburn's initial application for provisional accreditation. Oral Roberts University's requirement that students must take an oath of religious faith was considered to be contrary to ABA's Standard 211, which states: The school sued the ABA, claiming that the denial was a violation of their First Amendment rights. A judge enjoined the ABA from denying provisional accreditation, ruling that the ABA's role in accreditation is equivalent to a \"state action,\" and that Standard 211 denied a private institution's right to freedom of religion without any restrictions by the state. After a \"spirited debate,\" the ABA's House of Delegates in August 1981 voted 147 to 127 to amend Standard 211 to add a clause including the phrase:", "Next asking about campaign contributions, and difference of a contribution and a bribe, and referenced President Barack Obama's large amounts of fundraising from private funds, Sotomayor agreed with the statements that Cornyn made about whether or not it was the right of individuals to contribute. Senator Arlen Specter began his questioning, and asked about the number of cases that the Supreme Court hears, to which Sotomayor responded that \"it appears\" the Supreme Court \"has the capacity to hear more cases.\" Specter raised specific court cases, and referenced his previous questions about the September 11 attacks in 2001, to which Sotomayor responded in the same fashion as when she had been asked the question before. The committee recessed afterward. After recess, Senator Tom Coburn began his questioning of Sotomayor, and began by again asking about precedent, and ruling by the law. Coburn then went on to reiterate his earlier questions about abortion, including whether or not \"Roe v. Wade\" overrode the state's positions on abortion, which Sotomayor stated that she did not know, before Coburn stated that it was. Senator Al Franken then began his questioning, and asked why Sotomayor wants to be a Supreme Court justice. Franken then stated that he would in fact be supporting Sotomayor, after she told a story from when she first began her career. Senator Jeff Sessions next began a third round of questioning, to raise concerns that he had about some of Sotomayor's answers. Sessions then stated that he would not support a Republican filibuster. Third-round questioning continued with Senators Orrin Hatch, Chuck Grassley, Jon Kyl, Lindsey Graham, John Cornyn, Tom Coburn, and Patrick Leahy briefly raising their concerns, and getting short answers from Sotomayor.", "Jonathan Lacoste Jonathan Lacoste (born September 2, 1993) is an American internet entrepreneur currently living inBoston, Massachusetts. In 2011, Lacoste along with classmate and friend Tom Coburn, co-founded Jebbit, an enterprise software company in the mobile marketing and consumer data space. Lacoste currently serves as the company's President and sits on the Board of Directors. Lacoste was born and raised in Columbus, Ohio to Jean and Jane Lacoste along with two younger brothers, Joshua and Joel. He is the grandson of R\u00e9n\u00e9 Lacoste. He received his high school diploma from St. Edward High School, a private, all-male Catholic, college-preparatory high school located inCleveland, Ohio. Growing up, Lacoste was a nationally ranked ice hockey goaltender. At the World Hockey Cup, Lacoste was awarded the \"B\u00e4sta M\u00e5lvakt\" or \"Best Goaltender\" Award in Stockholm, Sweden. He also became the youngest goaltender to win a game in the North American Hockey League (NAHL) at the age of 16 years, 3 months for the Alpena IceDiggers. Lacoste started his academic career at Boston College, however, ended up dropping out of school after his third semester. While at Boston College, Lacoste launched Jebbit with classmates Tom Coburn and Chase McAleese. Lacoste's co-founder, Tom Coburn, received the initial inspiration for Jebbit in an airport as he observed a Hulu TV show on his laptop and realized how infrequently he paid attention to online advertising. Coburn began tinkering around with the idea on his own and eventually entered it into the Boston College Venture Competition under the working name, Additupp.", "2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma took place on November 2, 2004. The election was concurrent with elections to the United States House of Representatives and the presidential election. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat. Humphreys, the former Mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy. To drive the point home, one television advertisement aired by the Coburn campaign accused Carson of being \"dangerously liberal\" and not supporting the War on Terrorism.", "He led across almost all demographic groups Only among Democrats, non-whites, liberals, and those who pick health care as #1 issue favor Fingerhut. It should be noted that the election coincided with the presidential election, where Ohio was a swing state. 27% of Voinovich's supporters preferred U.S. Senator John Kerry for president. Incumbent Republican Don Nickles decided to retire instead of seeking a fifth term. Republican nominee Tom Coburn won the open seat, beating Brad Carson, a Democratic U.S. Representative Kirk Humphreys, the former mayor of Oklahoma City, ran for the United States Senate with institutional conservative support, namely from Senators Don Nickles and Jim Inhofe, as well as former Congressman J. C. Watts. However, Coburn received support from the Club for Growth and conservative activists within Oklahoma. Humphreys noted, \"[Coburn is] kind of a cult hero in the conservative portion of our party, not just in Oklahoma. You can't get right of the guy. \" Much of Coburn's celebrity within the Republican Party came from his tenure in Congress, where he battled House Speaker Newt Gingrich, who he argued was moving the party to the center of the political spectrum due to their excessive federal spending. Coburn's maverick nature culminated itself in 2000 when he backed conservative activist Alan Keyes for President rather than George W. Bush or John McCain. Ultimately, Coburn triumphed over Humphreys, Anthony, and Hunt in the primary, winning every county in Oklahoma except for tiny Harmon County. Carson and Coburn engaged each other head-on in one of the year's most brutal Senate contests. Coburn and the National Republican Senatorial Committee attacked Carson for being too liberal for Oklahoma and for being a vote in lockstep with John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Ted Kennedy."], "answer": {"text": "served as a deacon in a Southern Baptist Church.", "answer_start": 1204}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Tom Coburn grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Casper, Wyoming,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to high school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "Coburn graduated with a B.S. in accounting from Oklahoma State University,", "answer_start": 281, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to medical school?", "answer": {"text": "served as president of the College of Business Student Council.", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his medical career?", "answer": {"text": "He then opened Maternal & Family Practice in Muskogee, Oklahoma,", "answer_start": 1135, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["3 Doors Down discography American rock band, 3 Doors Down, has released six studio albums, four extended plays, twenty-nine singles, one video album and one compilation album. The band's first studio album, \"The Better Life\", was released in 2000. Helped by the singles \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", \"Duck and Run\", and \"Be Like That\", the album peaked at number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified six times platinum by the RIAA. \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", and \"Duck and Run\" all reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart, and \"Kryptonite\" was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA. \"Away from the Sun\", their next studio album, was released in 2002. It peaked at number eight on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA. The single \"When I'm Gone\" reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Another single from the album, \"Here Without You\", reached number one on the Adult Pop Songs chart and was certified two times platinum by the RIAA. The band then released \"Seventeen Days\" in 2005. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified platinum by the RIAA. Their next studio album, 2008's \"3 Doors Down\", also reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. It was certified gold by the RIAA. \"It's Not My Time\" became the band's fifth single to top the Mainstream Rock chart and the band's second single to top the Adult Pop Songs chart. \"Time of My Life\", 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, was released in 2011. It peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Bigger Than Life Tour The Bigger Than Life Tour was a co- headlining tour by American rock bands, Daughtry and 3 Doors Down. The tour supported Daughtry's third studio album, \"Break the Spell\", and 3 Doors Down's \"The Greatest Hits\" album. The tour was announced on October 8, 2012.<ref name=\"Daughtry/3 Doors Down Tour\"></ref> Chris Daughtry said, \"It's an honor to be able to go on the road with 3 Doors Down. We are excited to give fans an energetic rock show every night sharing songs from both our catalogs... we can't wait to hit the road to share it with our fans. \" The second leg of the tour was announced on December 10, 2012, and the third leg on April 23, 2013.", "When You're Young (3 Doors Down song) \"When You're Young\" is the first single from 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, \"Time of My Life\". The single was released to iTunes on February 1, 2011. It is now their 10th top 10 single on the mainstream rock chart. On the April 15th episode of \"WWE SmackDown\", the song is featured in a farewell tribute to Edge that aired on the night he surrendered the World Heavyweight Championship for the last time after he announced on \"WWE Raw\" that he is forced to retire due to being diagnosed with cervical spinal stenosis stemming from his 2003 neck injury. The song was also included as a downloadable track for the video game \"Rock Band 3\" as part of the 3 Doors Down track pack. 3 Doors Down lead singer Brad Arnold said of the song, \"I think it's a song that a lot of people can identify with. There's somebody out there who needs to hear this song, and I hope they hear it. So many times, older people look at young kids and say, \"Enjoy this time! It's the best time of your life,\" when it's really not. Being young is hard. Everything's in front of you for the first time. Those things that are in front of you seem so much bigger than they do when you're looking back on them. I'm 32 now and looking back on my teenage years and before, a lot of it doesn't seem as hard as it did then because now it's behind me and I hardly remember it. You get the responsibilities of the world as an adult. However, when you were in high school, there was nothing bigger than that test on Friday. Now, you don't even remember what test it was. It's hard to be young. The song discusses that.\"", "3 Doors Down (album) 3 Doors Down is the self-titled fourth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down, released on May 20, 2008. \"It's Not My Time\" was the first single from the album and was released in February 2008. It can be heard on the band's MySpace site. Another song on the album, \"Citizen/Soldier\" was released in 2007 as a tribute to the National Guard. The album became the band's second consecutive #1 album on the \"Billboard\" 200, debuting at the top position with first week sales of 154,000. \" 3 Doors Down\" was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 26, 2008, and as of November 2009, it has sold 820,000 copies in the U.S. It is their first album to feature Greg Upchurch on drums. 3 Doors Down", "Time of My Life (3 Doors Down album) Time of My Life is the fifth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down. It was released on July 19, 2011. The album debuted at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and sold 59,800 copies in its first week of its release. The singles from the album included \"When You're Young\", \"Every Time You Go\", \"What's Left\", \"Back to Me\", and the title track \"Time of My Life\". It is the last album to feature Matt Roberts before his departure from the band in 2012 and his death in 2016, as well as the last for Todd Harrell before he was arrested for vehicular homicide and fired from the band in 2013. The official cover artwork was revealed on June 25, 2011. The album's track listing was revealed on July 12, 2011. Brad Arnold told Alternative Addiction that \"he and his band mates were likely to collaborate on a new project in the near future.\" He then stated that the band was collaborating back and forth online. Brad says, \"We've all been writing and sharing files electronically, and so when we get together I think we're going to be ready to record right away, and evolve these songs into an album. \" On July 22, 2010, 3 Doors Down stated during a concert in London, Ontario, Canada that they were due to start recording their new record the very next week. They then performed a new song, confirming it was going to be on the next record, entitled \"On the Run.\" In October 2010, 3 Doors Down finished the recording process of the new album in Los Angeles, CA, with Grammy nominated Howard Benson taking the role as producer."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#1", "question": "what was their success?", "rewrite": "What was 3 Doors Down's success?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When You're Young (3 Doors Down song) \"When You're Young\" is the first single from 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, \"Time of My Life\". The single was released to iTunes on February 1, 2011. It is now their 10th top 10 single on the mainstream rock chart. On the April 15th episode of \"WWE SmackDown\", the song is featured in a farewell tribute to Edge that aired on the night he surrendered the World Heavyweight Championship for the last time after he announced on \"WWE Raw\" that he is forced to retire due to being diagnosed with cervical spinal stenosis stemming from his 2003 neck injury. The song was also included as a downloadable track for the video game \"Rock Band 3\" as part of the 3 Doors Down track pack. 3 Doors Down lead singer Brad Arnold said of the song, \"I think it's a song that a lot of people can identify with. There's somebody out there who needs to hear this song, and I hope they hear it. So many times, older people look at young kids and say, \"Enjoy this time! It's the best time of your life,\" when it's really not. Being young is hard. Everything's in front of you for the first time. Those things that are in front of you seem so much bigger than they do when you're looking back on them. I'm 32 now and looking back on my teenage years and before, a lot of it doesn't seem as hard as it did then because now it's behind me and I hardly remember it. You get the responsibilities of the world as an adult. However, when you were in high school, there was nothing bigger than that test on Friday. Now, you don't even remember what test it was. It's hard to be young. The song discusses that.\"", "3 Doors Down discography American rock band, 3 Doors Down, has released six studio albums, four extended plays, twenty-nine singles, one video album and one compilation album. The band's first studio album, \"The Better Life\", was released in 2000. Helped by the singles \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", \"Duck and Run\", and \"Be Like That\", the album peaked at number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified six times platinum by the RIAA. \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", and \"Duck and Run\" all reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart, and \"Kryptonite\" was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA. \"Away from the Sun\", their next studio album, was released in 2002. It peaked at number eight on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA. The single \"When I'm Gone\" reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Another single from the album, \"Here Without You\", reached number one on the Adult Pop Songs chart and was certified two times platinum by the RIAA. The band then released \"Seventeen Days\" in 2005. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified platinum by the RIAA. Their next studio album, 2008's \"3 Doors Down\", also reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. It was certified gold by the RIAA. \"It's Not My Time\" became the band's fifth single to top the Mainstream Rock chart and the band's second single to top the Adult Pop Songs chart. \"Time of My Life\", 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, was released in 2011. It peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Bigger Than Life Tour The Bigger Than Life Tour was a co- headlining tour by American rock bands, Daughtry and 3 Doors Down. The tour supported Daughtry's third studio album, \"Break the Spell\", and 3 Doors Down's \"The Greatest Hits\" album. The tour was announced on October 8, 2012.<ref name=\"Daughtry/3 Doors Down Tour\"></ref> Chris Daughtry said, \"It's an honor to be able to go on the road with 3 Doors Down. We are excited to give fans an energetic rock show every night sharing songs from both our catalogs... we can't wait to hit the road to share it with our fans. \" The second leg of the tour was announced on December 10, 2012, and the third leg on April 23, 2013.", "Time of My Life (3 Doors Down album) Time of My Life is the fifth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down. It was released on July 19, 2011. The album debuted at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and sold 59,800 copies in its first week of its release. The singles from the album included \"When You're Young\", \"Every Time You Go\", \"What's Left\", \"Back to Me\", and the title track \"Time of My Life\". It is the last album to feature Matt Roberts before his departure from the band in 2012 and his death in 2016, as well as the last for Todd Harrell before he was arrested for vehicular homicide and fired from the band in 2013. The official cover artwork was revealed on June 25, 2011. The album's track listing was revealed on July 12, 2011. Brad Arnold told Alternative Addiction that \"he and his band mates were likely to collaborate on a new project in the near future.\" He then stated that the band was collaborating back and forth online. Brad says, \"We've all been writing and sharing files electronically, and so when we get together I think we're going to be ready to record right away, and evolve these songs into an album. \" On July 22, 2010, 3 Doors Down stated during a concert in London, Ontario, Canada that they were due to start recording their new record the very next week. They then performed a new song, confirming it was going to be on the next record, entitled \"On the Run.\" In October 2010, 3 Doors Down finished the recording process of the new album in Los Angeles, CA, with Grammy nominated Howard Benson taking the role as producer.", "3 Doors Down (album) 3 Doors Down is the self-titled fourth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down, released on May 20, 2008. \"It's Not My Time\" was the first single from the album and was released in February 2008. It can be heard on the band's MySpace site. Another song on the album, \"Citizen/Soldier\" was released in 2007 as a tribute to the National Guard. The album became the band's second consecutive #1 album on the \"Billboard\" 200, debuting at the top position with first week sales of 154,000. \" 3 Doors Down\" was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 26, 2008, and as of November 2009, it has sold 820,000 copies in the U.S. It is their first album to feature Greg Upchurch on drums. 3 Doors Down"], "answer": {"text": "The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies.", "answer_start": 35}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#2", "question": "What other albums did they have?", "rewrite": "Besides The Better Life, what other albums did 3 Doors Down have?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Loser (3 Doors Down song) \"Loser\" is a song by American rock band 3 Doors Down. It was released in July 2000 as the second single from their debut album \"The Better Life\". The song spent 21 weeks at the number-one position on the \"Billboard\" U.S. Mainstream Rock chart, an all-time record for the chart. \"Loser\" was first performed live on January 15, 1997 in Pascagoula, Mississippi. As of April 1, 2019, it has been performed 466 times, making it the second most performed song by 3 Doors Down.", "The Better Life The Better Life is the debut studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down, released on February 8, 2000. It has become 6\u00d7 Platinum since release. This is the only album on which lead singer Brad Arnold played drums. \" Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", and \"Be Like That\" all reached the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts, peaking at  3,  55, and  24, respectively. \" The Better Life\" sold over six million copies worldwide. It is the band's best-selling album to date, with sales of over 5,653,000 copies in the United States, as of July 2014. A deluxe edition with a second disc was released on September 18, 2007, and featured a live performance recorded at the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion in Houston, Texas. 3 Doors Down Additional musicians", "In 2003, 3 Doors Down released a live EP entitled Another 700 Miles consisting of recordings from a live performance by the band in Chicago, Illinois. Another 700 Miles has since been certified Gold in the United States. In addition to featuring some of 3 Doors Down's hit singles from their previous two albums, the EP also contains a version of the popular 1977 Lynyrd Skynyrd song \"That Smell\". The group toured with Nickelback in 2004. In 2003, the band began hosting the annual \"3 Doors Down and Friends\" benefit concert, through the band's own charity The Better Life Foundation. In 2006, this event was held at the Mobile Convention Center, with proceeds benefiting Hurricane Katrina survivors. As residents of Escatawpa, the members of the band saw the effects of Katrina's devastation.", "3 Doors Down discography American rock band, 3 Doors Down, has released six studio albums, four extended plays, twenty-nine singles, one video album and one compilation album. The band's first studio album, \"The Better Life\", was released in 2000. Helped by the singles \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", \"Duck and Run\", and \"Be Like That\", the album peaked at number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified six times platinum by the RIAA. \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", and \"Duck and Run\" all reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart, and \"Kryptonite\" was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA. \"Away from the Sun\", their next studio album, was released in 2002. It peaked at number eight on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA. The single \"When I'm Gone\" reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Another single from the album, \"Here Without You\", reached number one on the Adult Pop Songs chart and was certified two times platinum by the RIAA. The band then released \"Seventeen Days\" in 2005. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified platinum by the RIAA. Their next studio album, 2008's \"3 Doors Down\", also reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. It was certified gold by the RIAA. \"It's Not My Time\" became the band's fifth single to top the Mainstream Rock chart and the band's second single to top the Adult Pop Songs chart. \"Time of My Life\", 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, was released in 2011. It peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "3 Doors Down's debut studio album \"The Better Life\" was certified 6x platinum by the RIAA and sold at least 5,653,000 copies in the United States. \"The Better Life\" song \"Kryptonite\" peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 1 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart. 3 Doors Down's second studio album \" Away from the Sun\" was certified by the RIAA and sold at least 3,863,000 copies in the United States. Lifehouse achieved mainstream success in the early 2000s; their song \"Hanging by a Moment\", which peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, was the most played song on the radio in 2001. Puddle of Mudd broke into the mainstream in the early 2000s; their album \"Come Clean\" was certified by the RIAA and the album's songs \"Blurry\" and \"She Hates Me\" both reached very high positions on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \" Blurry\" peaked at number 5 on the \"Billboard Hot 100\" and \"She Hates Me\" peaked at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \" She Hates Me\" also peaked at number 7 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart. The band Default became popular with their song \" Wasting My Time\". It peaked at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The post-grunge band Cold's song \"Stupid Girl\" peaked at number 87 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. band Crossfade's song \"Cold\" peaked at number 81 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number 23 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart, number 39 on the Pop 100 chart, number 28 on the Pop 100 Airplay chart, and number 57 on the Hot Digital Songs chart. It was certified gold by the RIAA in December 2006."], "answer": {"text": "Away from the Sun,", "answer_start": 783}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their success?", "answer": {"text": "The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#3", "question": "Did they have any hits?", "rewrite": "Did 3 Doors Down have any hits?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["3 Doors Down (album) 3 Doors Down is the self-titled fourth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down, released on May 20, 2008. \"It's Not My Time\" was the first single from the album and was released in February 2008. It can be heard on the band's MySpace site. Another song on the album, \"Citizen/Soldier\" was released in 2007 as a tribute to the National Guard. The album became the band's second consecutive #1 album on the \"Billboard\" 200, debuting at the top position with first week sales of 154,000. \" 3 Doors Down\" was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 26, 2008, and as of November 2009, it has sold 820,000 copies in the U.S. It is their first album to feature Greg Upchurch on drums. 3 Doors Down", "Bigger Than Life Tour The Bigger Than Life Tour was a co- headlining tour by American rock bands, Daughtry and 3 Doors Down. The tour supported Daughtry's third studio album, \"Break the Spell\", and 3 Doors Down's \"The Greatest Hits\" album. The tour was announced on October 8, 2012.<ref name=\"Daughtry/3 Doors Down Tour\"></ref> Chris Daughtry said, \"It's an honor to be able to go on the road with 3 Doors Down. We are excited to give fans an energetic rock show every night sharing songs from both our catalogs... we can't wait to hit the road to share it with our fans. \" The second leg of the tour was announced on December 10, 2012, and the third leg on April 23, 2013.", "When You're Young (3 Doors Down song) \"When You're Young\" is the first single from 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, \"Time of My Life\". The single was released to iTunes on February 1, 2011. It is now their 10th top 10 single on the mainstream rock chart. On the April 15th episode of \"WWE SmackDown\", the song is featured in a farewell tribute to Edge that aired on the night he surrendered the World Heavyweight Championship for the last time after he announced on \"WWE Raw\" that he is forced to retire due to being diagnosed with cervical spinal stenosis stemming from his 2003 neck injury. The song was also included as a downloadable track for the video game \"Rock Band 3\" as part of the 3 Doors Down track pack. 3 Doors Down lead singer Brad Arnold said of the song, \"I think it's a song that a lot of people can identify with. There's somebody out there who needs to hear this song, and I hope they hear it. So many times, older people look at young kids and say, \"Enjoy this time! It's the best time of your life,\" when it's really not. Being young is hard. Everything's in front of you for the first time. Those things that are in front of you seem so much bigger than they do when you're looking back on them. I'm 32 now and looking back on my teenage years and before, a lot of it doesn't seem as hard as it did then because now it's behind me and I hardly remember it. You get the responsibilities of the world as an adult. However, when you were in high school, there was nothing bigger than that test on Friday. Now, you don't even remember what test it was. It's hard to be young. The song discusses that.\"", "Time of My Life (3 Doors Down album) Time of My Life is the fifth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down. It was released on July 19, 2011. The album debuted at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and sold 59,800 copies in its first week of its release. The singles from the album included \"When You're Young\", \"Every Time You Go\", \"What's Left\", \"Back to Me\", and the title track \"Time of My Life\". It is the last album to feature Matt Roberts before his departure from the band in 2012 and his death in 2016, as well as the last for Todd Harrell before he was arrested for vehicular homicide and fired from the band in 2013. The official cover artwork was revealed on June 25, 2011. The album's track listing was revealed on July 12, 2011. Brad Arnold told Alternative Addiction that \"he and his band mates were likely to collaborate on a new project in the near future.\" He then stated that the band was collaborating back and forth online. Brad says, \"We've all been writing and sharing files electronically, and so when we get together I think we're going to be ready to record right away, and evolve these songs into an album. \" On July 22, 2010, 3 Doors Down stated during a concert in London, Ontario, Canada that they were due to start recording their new record the very next week. They then performed a new song, confirming it was going to be on the next record, entitled \"On the Run.\" In October 2010, 3 Doors Down finished the recording process of the new album in Los Angeles, CA, with Grammy nominated Howard Benson taking the role as producer.", "3 Doors Down discography American rock band, 3 Doors Down, has released six studio albums, four extended plays, twenty-nine singles, one video album and one compilation album. The band's first studio album, \"The Better Life\", was released in 2000. Helped by the singles \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", \"Duck and Run\", and \"Be Like That\", the album peaked at number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified six times platinum by the RIAA. \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", and \"Duck and Run\" all reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart, and \"Kryptonite\" was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA. \"Away from the Sun\", their next studio album, was released in 2002. It peaked at number eight on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA. The single \"When I'm Gone\" reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Another single from the album, \"Here Without You\", reached number one on the Adult Pop Songs chart and was certified two times platinum by the RIAA. The band then released \"Seventeen Days\" in 2005. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified platinum by the RIAA. Their next studio album, 2008's \"3 Doors Down\", also reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. It was certified gold by the RIAA. \"It's Not My Time\" became the band's fifth single to top the Mainstream Rock chart and the band's second single to top the Adult Pop Songs chart. \"Time of My Life\", 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, was released in 2011. It peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200."], "answer": {"text": "When I'm Gone", "answer_start": 926}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their success?", "answer": {"text": "The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other albums did they have?", "answer": {"text": "Away from the Sun,", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#4", "question": "Did they win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did 3 Doors Down win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["3 Doors Down (album) 3 Doors Down is the self-titled fourth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down, released on May 20, 2008. \"It's Not My Time\" was the first single from the album and was released in February 2008. It can be heard on the band's MySpace site. Another song on the album, \"Citizen/Soldier\" was released in 2007 as a tribute to the National Guard. The album became the band's second consecutive #1 album on the \"Billboard\" 200, debuting at the top position with first week sales of 154,000. \" 3 Doors Down\" was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 26, 2008, and as of November 2009, it has sold 820,000 copies in the U.S. It is their first album to feature Greg Upchurch on drums. 3 Doors Down", "When You're Young (3 Doors Down song) \"When You're Young\" is the first single from 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, \"Time of My Life\". The single was released to iTunes on February 1, 2011. It is now their 10th top 10 single on the mainstream rock chart. On the April 15th episode of \"WWE SmackDown\", the song is featured in a farewell tribute to Edge that aired on the night he surrendered the World Heavyweight Championship for the last time after he announced on \"WWE Raw\" that he is forced to retire due to being diagnosed with cervical spinal stenosis stemming from his 2003 neck injury. The song was also included as a downloadable track for the video game \"Rock Band 3\" as part of the 3 Doors Down track pack. 3 Doors Down lead singer Brad Arnold said of the song, \"I think it's a song that a lot of people can identify with. There's somebody out there who needs to hear this song, and I hope they hear it. So many times, older people look at young kids and say, \"Enjoy this time! It's the best time of your life,\" when it's really not. Being young is hard. Everything's in front of you for the first time. Those things that are in front of you seem so much bigger than they do when you're looking back on them. I'm 32 now and looking back on my teenage years and before, a lot of it doesn't seem as hard as it did then because now it's behind me and I hardly remember it. You get the responsibilities of the world as an adult. However, when you were in high school, there was nothing bigger than that test on Friday. Now, you don't even remember what test it was. It's hard to be young. The song discusses that.\"", "Bigger Than Life Tour The Bigger Than Life Tour was a co- headlining tour by American rock bands, Daughtry and 3 Doors Down. The tour supported Daughtry's third studio album, \"Break the Spell\", and 3 Doors Down's \"The Greatest Hits\" album. The tour was announced on October 8, 2012.<ref name=\"Daughtry/3 Doors Down Tour\"></ref> Chris Daughtry said, \"It's an honor to be able to go on the road with 3 Doors Down. We are excited to give fans an energetic rock show every night sharing songs from both our catalogs... we can't wait to hit the road to share it with our fans. \" The second leg of the tour was announced on December 10, 2012, and the third leg on April 23, 2013.", "Time of My Life (3 Doors Down album) Time of My Life is the fifth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down. It was released on July 19, 2011. The album debuted at #3 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and sold 59,800 copies in its first week of its release. The singles from the album included \"When You're Young\", \"Every Time You Go\", \"What's Left\", \"Back to Me\", and the title track \"Time of My Life\". It is the last album to feature Matt Roberts before his departure from the band in 2012 and his death in 2016, as well as the last for Todd Harrell before he was arrested for vehicular homicide and fired from the band in 2013. The official cover artwork was revealed on June 25, 2011. The album's track listing was revealed on July 12, 2011. Brad Arnold told Alternative Addiction that \"he and his band mates were likely to collaborate on a new project in the near future.\" He then stated that the band was collaborating back and forth online. Brad says, \"We've all been writing and sharing files electronically, and so when we get together I think we're going to be ready to record right away, and evolve these songs into an album. \" On July 22, 2010, 3 Doors Down stated during a concert in London, Ontario, Canada that they were due to start recording their new record the very next week. They then performed a new song, confirming it was going to be on the next record, entitled \"On the Run.\" In October 2010, 3 Doors Down finished the recording process of the new album in Los Angeles, CA, with Grammy nominated Howard Benson taking the role as producer.", "3 Doors Down discography American rock band, 3 Doors Down, has released six studio albums, four extended plays, twenty-nine singles, one video album and one compilation album. The band's first studio album, \"The Better Life\", was released in 2000. Helped by the singles \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", \"Duck and Run\", and \"Be Like That\", the album peaked at number seven on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified six times platinum by the RIAA. \"Kryptonite\", \"Loser\", and \"Duck and Run\" all reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart, and \"Kryptonite\" was certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA. \"Away from the Sun\", their next studio album, was released in 2002. It peaked at number eight on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA. The single \"When I'm Gone\" reached number one on the Mainstream Rock chart. Another single from the album, \"Here Without You\", reached number one on the Adult Pop Songs chart and was certified two times platinum by the RIAA. The band then released \"Seventeen Days\" in 2005. It reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified platinum by the RIAA. Their next studio album, 2008's \"3 Doors Down\", also reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200. It was certified gold by the RIAA. \"It's Not My Time\" became the band's fifth single to top the Mainstream Rock chart and the band's second single to top the Adult Pop Songs chart. \"Time of My Life\", 3 Doors Down's fifth studio album, was released in 2011. It peaked at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their success?", "answer": {"text": "The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other albums did they have?", "answer": {"text": "Away from the Sun,", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "When I'm Gone", "answer_start": 926, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#5", "question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides a best selling album, is there anything else interesting about 3 Doors Down?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It was the fourth fastest selling album of all time, behind \"Be Here Now\" (Oasis, 1997), \"X&Y\" (Coldplay, 2005) and \"Life for Rent\" (Dido, 2003). The album remained at number one for seven weeks, and reached one million sales after 29 days, making it the fastest album to sell one million copies by a solo female in the UK. \" Spirit\" was the second biggest selling album of 2007 in the UK, behind \"Back to Black\" (Amy Winehouse, 2006). For each of the first seven weeks it sold over 100,000 copies, a record which was later equalled by \"JLS\" (JLS, 2009), and beaten by \"21\" (Adele, 2011), which sold over 100,000 copies for twelve weeks. On 23 November 2008, the album returned to number one for a week, following the release of the deluxe version of the album. In the UK \"Spirit\" was the fourth best-selling album of the 2000s, and is the twentieth best-selling album of all time. The album has been certified ten-times platinum by the British Phonographic Industry, with sales of 3.1 million by December 2014. It is the 4th best selling album of the millennium in the UK, and as of November 2015 has sold 3,132,668 copies in the UK. \"Spirit\" entered the Irish Albums Chart at number one, making it the fastest selling debut album ever, beating the Arctic Monkeys by a margin of 6,000 sales. The album remained at the top of the chart for two weeks before being knocked off by Shayne Ward's \"Breathless\". It was the biggest selling album in 2007, and the fourth best selling album in 2008.", "3 Doors Down (album) 3 Doors Down is the self-titled fourth studio album by American rock band 3 Doors Down, released on May 20, 2008. \"It's Not My Time\" was the first single from the album and was released in February 2008. It can be heard on the band's MySpace site. Another song on the album, \"Citizen/Soldier\" was released in 2007 as a tribute to the National Guard. The album became the band's second consecutive #1 album on the \"Billboard\" 200, debuting at the top position with first week sales of 154,000. \" 3 Doors Down\" was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 26, 2008, and as of November 2009, it has sold 820,000 copies in the U.S. It is their first album to feature Greg Upchurch on drums. 3 Doors Down", "\" In the spring of 1990, Ardilla released her second album, \"Bintang Kehidupan\", with a chart-topping title track. The album itself also topped the charts on its debut, selling over 500,000 copies in its first week and setting a new record for single-week sales by a female artist. By 1991, \"Bintang Kehidupan\" had sold over two million copies and won two BASF Awards, for Best New Artist and Best Selling Album. She performed the title track at the 1991 Asia Song Festival in Shanghai where she won the \"Gold Prize of New Singer.\" Her next album \" Nyalakan Api\" was released in the autumn of 1990, which earned her a third BASF Award, again for Best Selling Album. Her fourth album \"Matahariku\" was released in summer of 1991 and was followed in the autumn of 1992 by \"Biarlah Aku Mengalah\", which was featured on \"Musik Plus\". After winning Best Selling Album consecutively at the 1993 BASF Awards, Ardilla released a greatest hits album, \"Tinggallah Ku Sendiri ( The Best Of)\". It spawned the hit single \"Tinggallah Ku Sendiri\". She moved from Billboard Records (now EMI) to Musica Studios for her record \"Biarkan Cintamu Berlalu\", which debuted at number one and earned her the 1994 HDX Best Selling Album award. Her final album, \"Sandiwara Cinta\", was released on 1 March 1995. The single first began airing on the radio in late February. The first version of the \"Sandiwara Cinta\" video debuted on TV in late February 1995. A second version of the video was released posthumously in April 1995, featuring Ardilla in the style of her idol Marilyn Monroe. \"", "Mr. Children discography The discography for the Japanese band Mr. Children consists of 16 studio albums, 4 compilations albums and 35 singles. They are one of the best selling artists in Japan. Mr. Children debuted in 1992. The band's initial releases performed poorly on the charts but through word of mouth they gained more popularity. Their 4th single \"Cross Road\" after 22 weeks sold over a million copies, though released in 1993 and peaked at number five on the Oricon chart. It later managed to become the fifteenth best selling single in Oricon's 1994 yearly charts. The band's first No.1 single on Oricon chart was their 5th single \"Innocent World\" which was released in June, 1994, becoming the best selling single of 1994 and winning the Japan Record Award (Record of the year) in 1994. The band also released their 6th single \"Tomorrow Never Knows\" on November 10, 1994. The single solidified the group's popularity with its sales, managing to sell over 2.7 million copies which is the seventh highest-selling single in Japan in the Oricon history. and becoming the band's highest selling single to date. In 1996, they released their 10th single which became the best selling single of 1996. The single went on to become Japan's highest first week selling single of all time for 15 years, with 1.2 million copies. On the Oricon album charts their 12th studio album Home became the best-selling album of 2007 in Japan, making it the first time Mr. Children had topped annual album charts in their 16th year since their debut. On December 2008 ,they released album Supermarket Fantasy which became the second best selling album of 2009. In 2012 they celebrated their 20th debut anniversary by releasing dual best album titled \"Mr. Children 2001\u20132005 \uff1cmicro\uff1e\" and \"Mr. Children 2005\u20132010 \uff1cmacro\uff1e\".", "Debuting at number one, the album sold 320,000 copies in its first week, becoming the fastest selling greatest hits album ever released in the United Kingdom. The album hit the top spot in 18 countries: France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, the aforementioned United Kingdom, Argentina, Colombia, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, and Switzerland among others. The album became the best selling album of the year in the United Kingdom, becoming the 61st best selling album in UK music history, with sales of 2 million copies, being certified 8\u00d7 Platinum by the BPI. \"Greatest Hits\" also became the best selling album of the year in Europe being certified 5\u00d7 Platinum for over 5 million copies sold worldwide. The album ended up selling slightly under 8.5 million copies becoming one of Williams' best selling albums ever. In Germany, the album debuted at number one and reached this position in total nine times non-consecutively, Williams' second album to do so, the other one being \"Swing When You're Winning\". With 102 weeks on the German Albums Chart it's his second longest chart one, just behind \"Sing When You're Winning\", with 106 weeks. By selling 900,000 copies and reaching 9\u00d7 Gold, \"Greatest Hits\" is the 20th best-selling album of the decade 2000\u20132009 in Germany and his 5th album to reach a position in the top twenty of the best-selling album of the decade, the others being \"Swing When You're Winning\" (4th best-selling), \"Escapology\" (5th best-selling), \"Intensive Care\" (8th best-selling) and \"Live at Knebworth\" (19th best-selling). The Best So Far is an updated version of \"Greatest Hits\", released exclusively in Brazil to celebrate Robbie's \"Close Encounters\" tour."], "answer": {"text": "In 2003, the band began hosting the annual \"3 Doors Down and Friends\" benefit concert, through the band's own charity The Better Life Foundation.", "answer_start": 440}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their success?", "answer": {"text": "The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other albums did they have?", "answer": {"text": "Away from the Sun,", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "When I'm Gone", "answer_start": 926, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#6", "question": "What is the Better Life Foundation?", "rewrite": "What is the Better Life Foundation?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Drake has Chance brought to a facility in New Jersey, and orders that he be tortured into revealing how his powered exoskeleton works so that it can be mass-produced for the Life Foundation's benefit. Spider-Man, who had been tracking Chance, discovers and releases him, and together the two destroy the Life Foundation's base. Months later, the Life Foundation gains a new client named Chakane, a man involved in a plot to assassinate the king of Symkaria. If the plan succeeds, Chakane and his associates will evade the authorities by taking up residence in a Life Foundation shelter, one guarded by mindless superhuman \"Protectors\". Silver Sable gets wind of the caper, and acquires more information pertaining to it by interrogating Chakane and Drake after she has Spider-Man and Paladin help her break into the new underground city that the Life Foundation has built in New Jersey. Spider-Man and Solo afterward capture Toler Weil, an ally of Chakane who the Life Foundation had hidden in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. After the Tri-Sentinel is destroyed at the conclusion of the \"Acts of Vengeance\" event, it is rebuilt and reprogrammed by the Life Foundation, which loses control of the machine when the directives originally given to it by Loki reassert themselves over the new ones programmed into it by the Foundation. Spider-Man and Nova are able to obliterate the Tri-Sentinel using a piece of Antarctic vibranium, but in the process they lose a disc containing incriminating information about the Life Foundation's illegal activities. The Life Foundation subsequently appears as one of the corporations involved in the Sphinx's attempt at finding a way to lucratively duplicate the powers of captured superhumans, a plot foiled by Spider-Man and the New Warriors.", "Roland Treece, a member of the Life Foundation's Board of Directors, later has the company assist him in dealing with Venom, who had begun to interfere with Treece's search for a lost stockpile of gold supposedly buried somewhere beneath a park in San Francisco. The Life Foundation captures Venom and extracts from him five additional symbiotes that it gives to a quintet of its soldiers, creating Scream, Riot, Agony, Phage and Lasher. The new symbiotes commit random acts of violence throughout San Francisco to test their capabilities, drawing the attention of Spider-Man, who follows Scream back to a Life Foundation installation situated in the Mojave Desert. Spider-Man and Venom team-up to combat the symbiotes, seemingly killing the creatures and depowering their hosts, a development that prompts the Life Foundation into abandoning and destroying the Mojave facility. The five symbiotes and their hosts somehow survive the explosion and are recovered by the Life Foundation, who they rebel against before fleeing to New York City. The Life Foundation sets up anew in Washington, D.C., hires the Jury and a mercenary named Spoiler to replace the symbiote warriors, and begins stealing artifacts and other valuables to stockpile in their doomsday bunkers, still believing in the imminence of World War III. When Drake is diagnosed with terminal cancer, he has the Life Foundation pose as a government branch and offer funding to Toshiro Mikashi, an entomology professor working on an arachnid-based cure for cancer and other ailments called \"the Arachnis Project\". Mikashi eventually realizes who his backers really are and that they intend to exploit his work by using it to create a new race of Homo Arachnis, so the Life Foundation keeps him compliant by threatening his daughter, Miho.", "Life Foundation The Life Foundation is a fictional survivalist group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Primarily an enemy of Spider-Man, the organization exists within Marvel's main shared universe, known as the Marvel Universe. Created by writer David Michelinie and artist Todd McFarlane, it first appeared in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" Vol. 1, #298 (March 1988). The Life Foundation was introduced in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" Vol. 1, #298-299 and went on to appear in Issues #320-321, #324, and #351-352, as well as the \"Hero Killers\" storyline that ran through \"The Amazing Spider-Man Annual\" Vol. 1, #26, \"The Spectacular Spider-Man Annual\" Vol. 1, #12, \"Web of Spider-Man Annual\" Vol. 1, #8 and \"The New Warriors Annual\" Vol. 1, #2. The organization was subsequently featured in \"\" #3-5 and \"Spider-Man: The Arachnis Project\" #1-6, and made its last appearance to date in a flashback sequence in \"\" #2. A sophisticated and unscrupulous corporate survivalist group, the Life Foundation was founded in response to Cold War paranoia, and is dedicated to constructing doomsday-proof communities for both its own members and society's elite, who can reserve a spot in these facilities for a minimum payment of $5,000,000. The Life Foundation hires Chance to steal European armaments being shipped to Manhattan, offering the mercenary $25,000. When Chance reports back to the Life Foundation after the heist, he is knocked out and taken prisoner by the group's leader, Carlton Drake.", "Big Life Foundation Big Life Foundation (\"Big Life\") is non-profit conservation organization focused on preserving the wildlife and habitats of the Amboseli-Tsavo-Kilimanjaro ecosystem of East Africa through community-based and collaborative strategies. \u201cOn the ground in Africa, partnering with communities to protect nature for the benefit of all.\u201d Big Life\u2019s mission is to protect and sustain the wildlife and habitats of the more than 1.6 million acres in the greater Amboseli ecosystem, including one of the largest populations of elephants remaining in East Africa. It is the first organization in East Africa to achieve coordinated cross-border operations between Kenya and Tanzania. Big Life\u2019s conservation effort focuses on collaborating closely with local communities, partner NGOs, national parks, and government agencies. This collaborative approach is at the heart of Big Life\u2019s philosophy \u201cenvisioning a world in which conservation supports the people and people support conservation.\u201d The roots of Big Life Foundation began in photographer Nick Brandt's expeditions to take studio-like portraits of the animals of the Amboseli region. Discovering that the elephant subjects of his photographs were being killed by rampant poaching, Brandt embarked to establish a locally-based conservation effort focused on preserving the wildlife of the ecosystem. This undertaking led to the formation of Big Life Foundation, co-founded in September 2010 by Brandt, conservationist Richard Bonham, and entrepreneur Tom Hill. Bonham and Hill had been engaged in conservation work in the region with the Maasailand Preservation Trust for the prior two decades; this effort was significantly expanded and became Big Life Foundation. Big Life\u2019s conservation approach focuses on three key areas: wildlife protection (including elephants, rhinos, and predators), human-wildlife conflict abatement, and community enrichment through employment, education, and health initiatives.", "When one of Mikashi's students stumbles upon the professor's research, the Life Foundation has him murdered, an act that draws the suspicious Peter Parker (one of Mikashi's students) to Washington. After Mikashi reveals his involvement with the Life Foundation to Parker, the organization abducts the professor and his daughter, spurring Spider-Man into allowing himself to be captured by the Jury in order to discern the Mikashis whereabouts. Mikashi reluctantly completes the Arachnis Project formula by using a sample of the captive Spider-Man's DNA, and gives this to Treece, who injects Drake with it, intending for it to kill him (as it was meant to be ingested) and thus allow him to usurp control of the Life Foundation. The concoction instead successfully transforms Drake into Homo Arachnis, which goes on rampage, devouring Life Foundation personnel while combating Spider-Man, the mutinying Jury, and the recently arrived Venom. After Venom traps Drake and evacuates with everyone else in the installation, Mikashi sacrifices himself by sabotaging the base's nuclear reactor in order to cause an explosion that will eliminate all traces of the Arachnis Project. The blast is contained by the facility's shielding, preventing it from affecting Washington. The unfazed Homo Arachnis afterward digs itself out of the base's remains and sheds its exoskeleton to reveal a youthful and healthy Drake, who swears revenge on Spider-Man, the Jury, and Venom. At some point, the Life Foundation declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy and had one of their abandoned shelters raided by Mendel Stromm, who unearthed and reactivated the Tri-Sentinel. The Life Foundation appears in the 2018 film \"Venom\"."], "answer": {"text": "the band's own charity", "answer_start": 535}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their success?", "answer": {"text": "The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other albums did they have?", "answer": {"text": "Away from the Sun,", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "When I'm Gone", "answer_start": 926, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, the band began hosting the annual \"3 Doors Down and Friends\" benefit concert, through the band's own charity The Better Life Foundation.", "answer_start": 440, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_61f7b6bfa43f4590b3b5f6583174f11a_1_q#7", "question": "Who did it help?", "rewrite": "Who did the Better Life Foundation help?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Big Life Foundation Big Life Foundation (\"Big Life\") is non-profit conservation organization focused on preserving the wildlife and habitats of the Amboseli-Tsavo-Kilimanjaro ecosystem of East Africa through community-based and collaborative strategies. \u201cOn the ground in Africa, partnering with communities to protect nature for the benefit of all.\u201d Big Life\u2019s mission is to protect and sustain the wildlife and habitats of the more than 1.6 million acres in the greater Amboseli ecosystem, including one of the largest populations of elephants remaining in East Africa. It is the first organization in East Africa to achieve coordinated cross-border operations between Kenya and Tanzania. Big Life\u2019s conservation effort focuses on collaborating closely with local communities, partner NGOs, national parks, and government agencies. This collaborative approach is at the heart of Big Life\u2019s philosophy \u201cenvisioning a world in which conservation supports the people and people support conservation.\u201d The roots of Big Life Foundation began in photographer Nick Brandt's expeditions to take studio-like portraits of the animals of the Amboseli region. Discovering that the elephant subjects of his photographs were being killed by rampant poaching, Brandt embarked to establish a locally-based conservation effort focused on preserving the wildlife of the ecosystem. This undertaking led to the formation of Big Life Foundation, co-founded in September 2010 by Brandt, conservationist Richard Bonham, and entrepreneur Tom Hill. Bonham and Hill had been engaged in conservation work in the region with the Maasailand Preservation Trust for the prior two decades; this effort was significantly expanded and became Big Life Foundation. Big Life\u2019s conservation approach focuses on three key areas: wildlife protection (including elephants, rhinos, and predators), human-wildlife conflict abatement, and community enrichment through employment, education, and health initiatives.", "Roland Treece, a member of the Life Foundation's Board of Directors, later has the company assist him in dealing with Venom, who had begun to interfere with Treece's search for a lost stockpile of gold supposedly buried somewhere beneath a park in San Francisco. The Life Foundation captures Venom and extracts from him five additional symbiotes that it gives to a quintet of its soldiers, creating Scream, Riot, Agony, Phage and Lasher. The new symbiotes commit random acts of violence throughout San Francisco to test their capabilities, drawing the attention of Spider-Man, who follows Scream back to a Life Foundation installation situated in the Mojave Desert. Spider-Man and Venom team-up to combat the symbiotes, seemingly killing the creatures and depowering their hosts, a development that prompts the Life Foundation into abandoning and destroying the Mojave facility. The five symbiotes and their hosts somehow survive the explosion and are recovered by the Life Foundation, who they rebel against before fleeing to New York City. The Life Foundation sets up anew in Washington, D.C., hires the Jury and a mercenary named Spoiler to replace the symbiote warriors, and begins stealing artifacts and other valuables to stockpile in their doomsday bunkers, still believing in the imminence of World War III. When Drake is diagnosed with terminal cancer, he has the Life Foundation pose as a government branch and offer funding to Toshiro Mikashi, an entomology professor working on an arachnid-based cure for cancer and other ailments called \"the Arachnis Project\". Mikashi eventually realizes who his backers really are and that they intend to exploit his work by using it to create a new race of Homo Arachnis, so the Life Foundation keeps him compliant by threatening his daughter, Miho.", "Life Foundation The Life Foundation is a fictional survivalist group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Primarily an enemy of Spider-Man, the organization exists within Marvel's main shared universe, known as the Marvel Universe. Created by writer David Michelinie and artist Todd McFarlane, it first appeared in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" Vol. 1, #298 (March 1988). The Life Foundation was introduced in \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" Vol. 1, #298-299 and went on to appear in Issues #320-321, #324, and #351-352, as well as the \"Hero Killers\" storyline that ran through \"The Amazing Spider-Man Annual\" Vol. 1, #26, \"The Spectacular Spider-Man Annual\" Vol. 1, #12, \"Web of Spider-Man Annual\" Vol. 1, #8 and \"The New Warriors Annual\" Vol. 1, #2. The organization was subsequently featured in \"\" #3-5 and \"Spider-Man: The Arachnis Project\" #1-6, and made its last appearance to date in a flashback sequence in \"\" #2. A sophisticated and unscrupulous corporate survivalist group, the Life Foundation was founded in response to Cold War paranoia, and is dedicated to constructing doomsday-proof communities for both its own members and society's elite, who can reserve a spot in these facilities for a minimum payment of $5,000,000. The Life Foundation hires Chance to steal European armaments being shipped to Manhattan, offering the mercenary $25,000. When Chance reports back to the Life Foundation after the heist, he is knocked out and taken prisoner by the group's leader, Carlton Drake.", "Drake has Chance brought to a facility in New Jersey, and orders that he be tortured into revealing how his powered exoskeleton works so that it can be mass-produced for the Life Foundation's benefit. Spider-Man, who had been tracking Chance, discovers and releases him, and together the two destroy the Life Foundation's base. Months later, the Life Foundation gains a new client named Chakane, a man involved in a plot to assassinate the king of Symkaria. If the plan succeeds, Chakane and his associates will evade the authorities by taking up residence in a Life Foundation shelter, one guarded by mindless superhuman \"Protectors\". Silver Sable gets wind of the caper, and acquires more information pertaining to it by interrogating Chakane and Drake after she has Spider-Man and Paladin help her break into the new underground city that the Life Foundation has built in New Jersey. Spider-Man and Solo afterward capture Toler Weil, an ally of Chakane who the Life Foundation had hidden in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. After the Tri-Sentinel is destroyed at the conclusion of the \"Acts of Vengeance\" event, it is rebuilt and reprogrammed by the Life Foundation, which loses control of the machine when the directives originally given to it by Loki reassert themselves over the new ones programmed into it by the Foundation. Spider-Man and Nova are able to obliterate the Tri-Sentinel using a piece of Antarctic vibranium, but in the process they lose a disc containing incriminating information about the Life Foundation's illegal activities. The Life Foundation subsequently appears as one of the corporations involved in the Sphinx's attempt at finding a way to lucratively duplicate the powers of captured superhumans, a plot foiled by Spider-Man and the New Warriors.", "When one of Mikashi's students stumbles upon the professor's research, the Life Foundation has him murdered, an act that draws the suspicious Peter Parker (one of Mikashi's students) to Washington. After Mikashi reveals his involvement with the Life Foundation to Parker, the organization abducts the professor and his daughter, spurring Spider-Man into allowing himself to be captured by the Jury in order to discern the Mikashis whereabouts. Mikashi reluctantly completes the Arachnis Project formula by using a sample of the captive Spider-Man's DNA, and gives this to Treece, who injects Drake with it, intending for it to kill him (as it was meant to be ingested) and thus allow him to usurp control of the Life Foundation. The concoction instead successfully transforms Drake into Homo Arachnis, which goes on rampage, devouring Life Foundation personnel while combating Spider-Man, the mutinying Jury, and the recently arrived Venom. After Venom traps Drake and evacuates with everyone else in the installation, Mikashi sacrifices himself by sabotaging the base's nuclear reactor in order to cause an explosion that will eliminate all traces of the Arachnis Project. The blast is contained by the facility's shielding, preventing it from affecting Washington. The unfazed Homo Arachnis afterward digs itself out of the base's remains and sheds its exoskeleton to reveal a youthful and healthy Drake, who swears revenge on Spider-Man, the Jury, and Venom. At some point, the Life Foundation declared Chapter 7 bankruptcy and had one of their abandoned shelters raided by Mendel Stromm, who unearthed and reactivated the Tri-Sentinel. The Life Foundation appears in the 2018 film \"Venom\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1999 to 3 Doors Down?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their success?", "answer": {"text": "The Better Life, was released on February 8, 2000 and went on to become the 11th best-selling album of the year, selling over three million copies.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other albums did they have?", "answer": {"text": "Away from the Sun,", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "When I'm Gone", "answer_start": 926, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, the band began hosting the annual \"3 Doors Down and Friends\" benefit concert, through the band's own charity The Better Life Foundation.", "answer_start": 440, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is the Better Life Foundation?", "answer": {"text": "the band's own charity", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_adbeddd6efd94721a7f5bc9c0eabe410_1_q#0", "question": "What was Jack White's eccentricity?", "rewrite": "What was Jack White's eccentricity?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that:  \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924)  John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack White (film producer)  Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "In his final season with Bristol City Jack White made 20 appearances without scoring in 1957\u201358 under the new captain Tommy Burden. Jack White joined Cambridge City of the Southern League as player manager in April 1958. Cambridge City finished above Cambridge United in all three seasons playing in the South Eastern division in 1958\u201359, then finished 5th in the Premier Division in 1959\u201360 and 9th the following season. After three seasons White moved on to Wellington Town as manager. Wellington United were 13th in the Premier Division in 1961\u201362 and then as Wellington Town finished 6th in 1962\u201363. After retiring from football Jack White became a service engineer in Tonbridge with a firm run by Bristol City chairman Harry Dolman. He later worked for Tonbridge Printers and returned to Doncaster in 1978 to work as a labourer at Thorpe Marsh Power Station. He retired in March 1989 and was living in Tonbridge in 1997. Jack White's younger brother Len White (1930\u20131994) was also a professional footballer playing for Rotherham United, Newcastle United, Huddersfield Town and Stockport County. Len White made 245 appearances scoring 197 goals for Newcastle United. This the third highest career total of League goals for Newcastle United exceeded only by Jackie Milburn and Alan Shearer."], "answer": {"text": "examples include his claim that the Stripes began on Bastille Day, that he and Meg are the two youngest of ten siblings,", "answer_start": 92}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_adbeddd6efd94721a7f5bc9c0eabe410_1_q#1", "question": "Did he have any other eccentricities?", "rewrite": "Did Jack White have any other eccentricities besides Meg and the other siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White (footballer, born 1924)  John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "Meg White Megan Martha White (born December 10, 1974) is an American drummer and occasional singer known for her work with Jack White in the Detroit rock duo The White Stripes. Her music career began when, on an impulse, she played on Jack's drums in 1997. Jack was deeply inspired by her minimalist and un-schooled drumming style. The two decided to form a band and began performing two months later. The duo named themselves The White Stripes because of their last name and Meg's fondness for peppermint candy. The band quickly became a Detroit underground favorite before reaching national, then international fame. White has been nominated for various awards as a part of the White Stripes, and has received four Grammy Awards. Her drumming style has been called \"primal\" for its simplicity, and has drawn both praise and criticism. Her musical influences are wide and varied, with Bob Dylan being her favorite artist. White calls herself \"very shy\", and has kept a low public profile. Meg and Jack White publicly portrayed themselves as siblings. However, public records emerged in 2001 that indicated Meg and Jack were not related and in fact had married in 1996, prior to the band's formation. They divorced in 2000, before The White Stripes ascended to international fame. In 2009, she married guitarist Jackson Smith, son of musicians Patti Smith and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith. They divorced in 2013. While on tour in support for The White Stripes' sixth studio album, \"Icky Thump\", White suffered a bout of acute anxiety, and the remaining dates of the tour were cancelled. After a few public appearances, and a hiatus from recording, The White Stripes announced in February 2011 that they would be disbanding. White has not been active in the music industry since.", "The White Stripes (album) The White Stripes is the debut studio album by American rock duo the White Stripes, released on June 15, 1999. The album was produced by Jim Diamond and vocalist/guitarist Jack White, recorded in January 1999 at Ghetto Recorders and Third Man Studios in Detroit. White dedicated the album to deceased blues musician Son House. Johnny Walker of the Soledad Brothers played slide guitar on two songs: \"Suzy Lee\" and \"I Fought Piranhas\". Walker is credited with having taught Jack White how to play slide, a technique featured heavily on the White Stripes' first two albums. Walker explains, \"[Jack] had a four track in his living room and invited me to come by and do some recording. In return, I showed him how to play slide.\" The duo covered \"St. James Infirmary Blues\" after, according to Jack, he and Meg were introduced to the song from a \"Betty Boop\" cartoon. The album received mostly positive reviews. Norene Cashen of \"The Metro Times\" said the LP \"serves better to remind us that [Detroit's] local identity has more options than a membership card to the latest clich\u00e9...or a one-way ticket to the coast.\" Much of the media feedback came two or three years later its initial release, after the duo's fame spread beyond Detroit. AllMusic said of the album, \"Jack White's voice is a singular, evocative combination of punk, metal, blues, and backwoods while his guitar work is grand and banging with just enough lyrical touches of slide and subtle solo work... Meg White balances out the fretwork and the fretting with methodical, spare, and booming cymbal, bass drum, and snare...", "To give an example, on the US CD edition Meg White is sitting on the left of a circus travel trunk and Jack is sitting on the right holding a cricket bat over the ground, while on the UK CD edition the cricket bat touches the ground and the image is mirrored so that their positions on the amplifier are reversed. The UK vinyl album cover is the same as the US CD but differs in that the color hues are much darker. The cryptic symbolism of the album art includes a skull sitting on the floor in the background, as well as peanuts and peanut shells in the foreground, and on the circus travel trunk appears the mark \"III,\" Jack White's signature. Jack White is also displaying a mano cornuta and looking at a light bulb intensely, while Meg White is barefoot and appears to be crying, with a rope tied around her ankle and leading out of frame. Both have small white ribbons tied to their fingers. On the reverse side of the U.S. edition, all of the number \" 3\"s are in red (disregarding the authorization notes at the bottom). The Record Store Day 2013 vinyl and August 2013 180-gram black vinyl reissues have Meg wearing a black dress instead of the usual white dress; the only other release with Meg wearing the black dress was on the V2 advanced copy back in 2003. The advanced copy was on red and white vinyl, while the RSD copy has red, black and white colored vinyl in 2013. In an interview with \"Q Magazine\" in 2007, Jack White said, \"If you study the picture carefully, Meg and I are elephant ears in a head-on elephant. But it's a side view of an elephant, too, with the tusks leading off either side.\""], "answer": {"text": "He has an attachment to the number three, stemming from seeing three staples in the back of a Vladimir Kagan couch he helped to upholster as an apprentice.", "answer_start": 1169}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jack White's eccentricity?", "answer": {"text": "examples include his claim that the Stripes began on Bastille Day, that he and Meg are the two youngest of ten siblings,", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_adbeddd6efd94721a7f5bc9c0eabe410_1_q#2", "question": "Did this eccentricities affect his personal life?", "rewrite": "Did Vladimir Kagan  eccentricities affect Jack White's personal life?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Raymond Fiegler, who is identified near the novel's end as leader of an activist group when he prevents Carol Gerber from retrieving an unexploded bomb on a college campus, is very likely another alias of Randall Flagg, a recurring villain in many of King's works. King never identifies Fiegler as Flagg, but Christopher Golden and Hank Wagner suggest in \"The Complete Stephen King Universe\" that there is little doubt Fiegler is Flagg. Golden and Wagner cite evidence such as Fiegler's ability to make himself appear \"dim\" (an ability shared by Flagg in \"Eyes of the Dragon\"), his manipulation of Carol Gerber and her activist friends and Flagg's frequent use of aliases (usually with the initials \"R.F.\").", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "While the Covenant Man is not explicitly identified as Flagg, with only the initials \"RF/MB\" in his signature as identification and at one point being referred to as 'the man in the black cloak', Stephen King confirmed in an interview with Bev Vincent for his book \"The Dark Tower Companion\" that the two are one and the same. In \"Hearts in Atlantis\" (1999), Raymond Fiegler is identified near the novel's end as leader of an activist group when he prevents Carol Gerber from retrieving an unexploded bomb on a college campus. King never identifies Fiegler as Flagg, but Christopher Golden and Hank Wagner suggest in \"The Complete Stephen King Universe\" that there is little doubt Fiegler is Flagg. Golden and Wagner cite evidence such as Fiegler's ability to make himself appear \"dim\", an ability shared by Flagg in \"Eyes of the Dragon\", his manipulation of Carol Gerber and her activist friends and Flagg's frequent use of aliases, usually with the initials \"R.F.\" Stephen King's novel \"Gwendy's Button Box\", which he co-wrote with Richard Chizmar, features a mysterious man in black named Richard Farris. Farris gives a young girl, Gwendy Peterson, a 'button box' which, depending on the buttons or levers that are used, can dispense magical treats or cause death and destruction. Chizmar was asked whether or not Richard Farris's initials signified that he was another manifestation of Randall Flagg; his response was \"Maayyybee... He's definitely mysterious, and it's really obvious there's more to him than meets the eye. \"", "Vladimir Kagan Vladimir Kagan (August 29, 1927 \u2013 April 7, 2016) was an American furniture designer. He was inducted in the Interior Designer Hall of Fame in 2009, 62 years after he started designing and producing furniture. His Midcentury modern furniture with \"Sinuous wooden frame characteristics\" has a modern feel. His style, inspired by everything from antiques and nature to the Bauhaus, emphasizes comfort and functionality. He was married to the embroidery designer Erica Wilson (1928\u20132011). Together they had three children. Vladimir Kagan was born on 29 August 1927 in Worms, Germany, The son of a Russian cabinetmaker, Vladimir Kagan's childhood was cut short by the rise of the Nazis. He emigrated to the United States in 1938. His early focus was painting and sculpture but in the following years he became eagerly attracted to architecture and design. Graduated from the School of Industrial Art in 1946, where he was an architecture major and then went on to study architecture at Columbia University. In 1947 he joined his father Illi Kagan, a master cabinetmaker to work in his woodworking shop and learn furniture making from the ground up. In an interview he recalls his \"father saying 'Measure three times and cut once'; I would be of the school of cut three times and never measure\" He opened his first personal shop in New York in 1949. In 1950 the Kagan-Dreyfus partnership began with a showroom/store on 125 East 57th Street in New York City. His early work included furniture for the Delegate's Cocktail Lounge at the United Nations and furniture for the \"Monsanto House of the Future\" at Disneyland. In April 2016, Kagan died due to a heart attack. Kagan developed a reputation that earned him numerous design projects as well as a celebrity clientele.", "Some of his early clients included:   and companies such as:  Vladimir Kagan has served as chairman of the Advisory commission of the High School of Art and Design in New York. Member of numerous committees for the Architectural League of New York. Served on the faculty of Parsons The New School for Design and lectured extensively on the history of modern design in furniture and architecture. In 2001 received an honorary doctor of Art and Design from Kendall College of Art and Design. Received an honorary doctorate from the New York School of Interior design in 2009. Lectured at Yale University in 2010. Lectured at Philadelphia University in 2014. Vladimir Kagan creates his designs with upholstery, wrought iron, cast aluminum and especially organically sculpted wood in works that became hallmarks of his career. Kagan introduces his first signature furniture collection called 'Tri-symmetric' in 1949. In 1958 Kagan designs \"capricorn\", an indoor-outdoor iron collection through W&J Sloan. After the partnership with Dreyfus dissolves in 1960, Kagan continued exploring fresh forms and materials. In 1964, Kagan redesigns the Monsanto House of the Future at Disneyland, in California. In 1970 the first Omnibus collection is introduced. His company continued to function under the new name Vladimir Kagan Designs. On May 19, 1972 a fire destroyed Kagan's entire factory in New York. In 1974 Kagan designs the executive suite for Prudential Insurance Co. in Newark, New Jersey. In 1975 Kagan designs the office of Warner Communications' senior vice president In 1987 he closes the factory and showroom and starts his new consulting firm: The Vladimir Kagan Design Group. In 1997 Gucci uses his Omnibus collection for all its 360 stores around the world. In 2001 Kagan designs a Bombay Sapphire martini glass. In 2002 he designs the lobby for the Standard Hotel Downtown in Los Angeles."], "answer": {"text": "). As a taxidermy enthusiast--that correlates to his work as an upholsterer--he decorates his studio in preserved animals,", "answer_start": 229}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jack White's eccentricity?", "answer": {"text": "examples include his claim that the Stripes began on Bastille Day, that he and Meg are the two youngest of ten siblings,", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other eccentricities?", "answer": {"text": "He has an attachment to the number three, stemming from seeing three staples in the back of a Vladimir Kagan couch he helped to upholster as an apprentice.", "answer_start": 1169, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_adbeddd6efd94721a7f5bc9c0eabe410_1_q#3", "question": "How do people react to his eccentricities?", "rewrite": "How do people react to Jack White's eccentricities?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White (footballer, born 1924)  John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Jack White (film producer)  Jack White (born Jacob Weiss, March 2, 1897 \u2013 April 10, 1984) was a Hungarian-born American film producer, director and writer. His career in the film industry began in the late 1910s and continued until the early 1960s. White produced over 300 films; directed more than 60 of these, and wrote more than 50. He directed some of his sound comedies under the pseudonym \"Preston Black.\" Immigrating to America from Hungary in 1905, White and his family lived in Hollywood, California. A nearby stable was used to engage in the new business of motion pictures. Jack and his three brothers, Jules White, Sam White, and Ben White rode horses as extras in outdoor westerns. This was the start of the brothers' movie careers; they became directors and/or producers. The fourth brother, Ben White, became a cameraman. While still a teenager, Jack White became the leading producer for Educational Pictures, making very popular comedy shorts with Lloyd Hamilton, Lupino Lane, Lige Conley, and Al St. John. In 1926, White produced a comedy short for Educational Pictures, \"The Radio Bug\", directed by Stephen Roberts in both a silent and Phonofilm version. Also in 1926, Jack White hired one of his younger brothers, Jules White, as a film editor. By the 1930s Jules had eclipsed Jack as a leading producer of comedy short subjects, largely with the Three Stooges. In 1935 Jules hired Jack as a writer and director. Jack's first Stooges film was \"Ants in the Pantry\" (1936); he worked in Columbia's shorts department through 1937. He rejoined the unit briefly in the early 1940s before serving in the military, then returned to Columbia for good in 1951. During the 1950s, rising production costs forced Columbia to economize, and reuse sequences from older pictures.", "Trumpet player Regulo Aldama, who appears on \"Conquest\", was discovered by Jack White at a local Mexican restaurant. Jack White said that the album would appeal to fans of the band's self-titled debut, suggesting a stripped-down garage rock sound. A statement on the band's official website (spuriously attributed to \"Kitayna Ireyna Tatanya Kerenska Alisof\" of the \"Moscow Bugle\", a reference to the 1966 \"Batman\" film) humorously claims that:  \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s online site had an interview with Michel Gondry in which he said he would be directing a video for \"I'm Slowly Turning Into You\". He mentions the idea for the video. Gondry also says that the video idea came first, and after mentioning the idea to Jack White, White wrote the song to fit that idea. On May 30, 2007, Chicago radio station Q101 aired the entire album without the band's permission. Jack called into the station and reacted angrily about them playing it. There is speculation that the label supplied the album to the station in order to promote its release. In the liner notes of \"Icky Thump\", \"Electra\" is thanked on the second line, just after God. According to Ben Blackwell, Jack White's nephew, this is not directed towards the radio DJ, Electra, but to a pet Jack and Meg White used to have. The White Stripes announced the completion of \"Icky Thump\" on February 28, 2007. The title is derived from \"ecky thump\", a Lancashire colloquial response of surprise, popularized by an episode of the 1970s UK comedy series \"The Goodies\". On \"Later with Jools Holland\" (broadcast June 1, 2007)", "Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "There is additional evidence that belief in a just world is protective of the well-being of children and adolescents in the school environment, as has been shown for the general population. Other researchers have found that observers judge sick people as responsible for their illnesses. One experiment showed that persons suffering from a variety of illnesses were derogated on a measure of attractiveness more than healthy individuals were. In comparison to healthy people, victim derogation was found for persons presenting with indigestion, pneumonia, and stomach cancer. Moreover, derogation was found to be higher for those suffering from more severe illnesses, except for those presenting with cancer. Stronger belief in a just world has also been found to correlate with greater derogation of AIDS victims. More recently, researchers have explored how people react to poverty through the lens of the just-world hypothesis. Strong belief in a just world is associated with blaming the poor, with weak belief in a just world associated with identifying external causes of poverty including world economic systems, war, and exploitation. Some research on belief in a just world has examined how people react when they themselves are victimized. An early paper by Dr. Ronnie Janoff-Bulman found that rape victims often blame their own behavior, but not their own characteristics, for their victimization. It was hypothesized that this may be because blaming one's own behavior makes an event more controllable. Subsequent work on measuring belief in a just world has focused on identifying multiple dimensions of the belief. This work has resulted in the development of new measures of just-world belief and additional research. Hypothesized dimensions of just-world beliefs include belief in an unjust world, beliefs in immanent justice and ultimate justice, hope for justice, and belief in one's ability to reduce injustice."], "answer": {"text": "the Detroit Free Press produced copies of both a marriage license and divorce certificate for him and Meg, confirming their history as a married couple.", "answer_start": 346}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jack White's eccentricity?", "answer": {"text": "examples include his claim that the Stripes began on Bastille Day, that he and Meg are the two youngest of ten siblings,", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other eccentricities?", "answer": {"text": "He has an attachment to the number three, stemming from seeing three staples in the back of a Vladimir Kagan couch he helped to upholster as an apprentice.", "answer_start": 1169, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this eccentricities affect his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "). As a taxidermy enthusiast--that correlates to his work as an upholsterer--he decorates his studio in preserved animals,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_adbeddd6efd94721a7f5bc9c0eabe410_1_q#4", "question": "What happened when they were married?", "rewrite": "What happened when Jack White Meg  were married?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack White's Inn Jack White \u2019s Inn is a pub and restaurant in Brittas Bay, County Wicklow in Ireland. It is located on N11 road, in a zone where the Irish smuggler and pirate Jack White used to operate, in the coast denominated Jack Moloney\u2019s Hole. The pub\u2019s name is a reference to Jack White, an Irish pirate that lived at the turn of the 18th century, reputed to be a first class smuggler. Jack White arranged shipment of Wicklow wool to be sent abroad to France in exchange for brandy, wine and French luxury goods. He operated in a place so called \u2018Jack\u2019s Hole\u2019, where now Jack White\u2019s Inn is located, in Brittas Bay. After a falling out occurred over a particularly rich cargo of clandestine goods, Jack White was tried by some of his regular clients -high class gentlemen- and sentenced to death. There is a reputed copy of an arrest warrant on the wall of Jack White\u2019s Inn. In 1996, Jack White\u2019s Inn was the scene of one of the most famous Irish murders. On the 16th of March of that year Tom Nevin, co-owner of the pub, was shot dead while counting the takings of the Bank Holiday Weekend. In a supposed botched robbery attempt, he was killed by a single shotgun blast. Catherine Nevin, Tom Nevin\u2019s wife and also owner of the pub, was suspected of having hired three men to murder her husband. She was tried by a jury of six men and six women, and found guilty on 11 April 2000, after five days of deliberation, \u201ca record in Irish legal history\". She was convicted for the murder and for soliciting three men (William McClean, Gerry Heapes and John Jones) to contract kill her husband.", "To give an example, on the US CD edition Meg White is sitting on the left of a circus travel trunk and Jack is sitting on the right holding a cricket bat over the ground, while on the UK CD edition the cricket bat touches the ground and the image is mirrored so that their positions on the amplifier are reversed. The UK vinyl album cover is the same as the US CD but differs in that the color hues are much darker. The cryptic symbolism of the album art includes a skull sitting on the floor in the background, as well as peanuts and peanut shells in the foreground, and on the circus travel trunk appears the mark \"III,\" Jack White's signature. Jack White is also displaying a mano cornuta and looking at a light bulb intensely, while Meg White is barefoot and appears to be crying, with a rope tied around her ankle and leading out of frame. Both have small white ribbons tied to their fingers. On the reverse side of the U.S. edition, all of the number \" 3\"s are in red (disregarding the authorization notes at the bottom). The Record Store Day 2013 vinyl and August 2013 180-gram black vinyl reissues have Meg wearing a black dress instead of the usual white dress; the only other release with Meg wearing the black dress was on the V2 advanced copy back in 2003. The advanced copy was on red and white vinyl, while the RSD copy has red, black and white colored vinyl in 2013. In an interview with \"Q Magazine\" in 2007, Jack White said, \"If you study the picture carefully, Meg and I are elephant ears in a head-on elephant. But it's a side view of an elephant, too, with the tusks leading off either side.\"", "Jack White (footballer, born 1924)  John \"Jack\" White (17 March 1924 - July 2011) was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He made over 420 Football League appearances in the years after the Second World War. \"Jack\" White a former miner played locally for Broadworth Main and Frickley Colliery in Yorkshire. White signed for Aldershot from Sheffield FC in July 1944. Pat Beasley signed White in October 1952 from Aldershot for \u00a35,300 for Bristol City. Jack White immediately displaced Dennis Roberts both at the heart of the defence and as captain of the side. Jack White made his Bristol City debut at centre half in a 4\u20130 win v Gillingham on 11 October 1952. Bristol City briefly reached 2nd place during the 1952\u201353 season but finished in 5th position. White made 33 appearances scoring 4 goals in his first season with Bristol City. The following season 1953\u201354 Bristol City rose to 3rd place as Jack White initially played a mixture of centre half and left back when Dennis Roberts returned to the side. He spent the second half of that season at left half when Ernie Peacock and Terry Compton held the centre half position. White made 40 appearances scoring 3 goals including one goal in a 5\u20132 win at Aldershot. Jack White captained Bristol City to the Third Division South championship in 1954\u201355 when White was ever present making 46 appearances scoring 2 goals whilst playing in all three half back positions. In the Second Division in 1955\u201356 Jack White made 41 appearances scoring 1 goal missing only one match and playing mainly at right half alongside Peacock at centre half and Cyril Williams at left half. Jack White was the regular right half then centre half when Peacock was missing in 1956\u201357. White made 37 appearances scoring 1 goal with Bristol City a mid table Second Division side.", "Meg White Megan Martha White (born December 10, 1974) is an American drummer and occasional singer known for her work with Jack White in the Detroit rock duo The White Stripes. Her music career began when, on an impulse, she played on Jack's drums in 1997. Jack was deeply inspired by her minimalist and un-schooled drumming style. The two decided to form a band and began performing two months later. The duo named themselves The White Stripes because of their last name and Meg's fondness for peppermint candy. The band quickly became a Detroit underground favorite before reaching national, then international fame. White has been nominated for various awards as a part of the White Stripes, and has received four Grammy Awards. Her drumming style has been called \"primal\" for its simplicity, and has drawn both praise and criticism. Her musical influences are wide and varied, with Bob Dylan being her favorite artist. White calls herself \"very shy\", and has kept a low public profile. Meg and Jack White publicly portrayed themselves as siblings. However, public records emerged in 2001 that indicated Meg and Jack were not related and in fact had married in 1996, prior to the band's formation. They divorced in 2000, before The White Stripes ascended to international fame. In 2009, she married guitarist Jackson Smith, son of musicians Patti Smith and Fred \"Sonic\" Smith. They divorced in 2013. While on tour in support for The White Stripes' sixth studio album, \"Icky Thump\", White suffered a bout of acute anxiety, and the remaining dates of the tour were cancelled. After a few public appearances, and a hiatus from recording, The White Stripes announced in February 2011 that they would be disbanding. White has not been active in the music industry since.", "The White Stripes (album) The White Stripes is the debut studio album by American rock duo the White Stripes, released on June 15, 1999. The album was produced by Jim Diamond and vocalist/guitarist Jack White, recorded in January 1999 at Ghetto Recorders and Third Man Studios in Detroit. White dedicated the album to deceased blues musician Son House. Johnny Walker of the Soledad Brothers played slide guitar on two songs: \"Suzy Lee\" and \"I Fought Piranhas\". Walker is credited with having taught Jack White how to play slide, a technique featured heavily on the White Stripes' first two albums. Walker explains, \"[Jack] had a four track in his living room and invited me to come by and do some recording. In return, I showed him how to play slide.\" The duo covered \"St. James Infirmary Blues\" after, according to Jack, he and Meg were introduced to the song from a \"Betty Boop\" cartoon. The album received mostly positive reviews. Norene Cashen of \"The Metro Times\" said the LP \"serves better to remind us that [Detroit's] local identity has more options than a membership card to the latest clich\u00e9...or a one-way ticket to the coast.\" Much of the media feedback came two or three years later its initial release, after the duo's fame spread beyond Detroit. AllMusic said of the album, \"Jack White's voice is a singular, evocative combination of punk, metal, blues, and backwoods while his guitar work is grand and banging with just enough lyrical touches of slide and subtle solo work... Meg White balances out the fretwork and the fretting with methodical, spare, and booming cymbal, bass drum, and snare..."], "answer": {"text": "Jack continues to refer to Meg as his sister in interviews,", "answer_start": 543}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jack White's eccentricity?", "answer": {"text": "examples include his claim that the Stripes began on Bastille Day, that he and Meg are the two youngest of ten siblings,", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other eccentricities?", "answer": {"text": "He has an attachment to the number three, stemming from seeing three staples in the back of a Vladimir Kagan couch he helped to upholster as an apprentice.", "answer_start": 1169, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this eccentricities affect his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "). As a taxidermy enthusiast--that correlates to his work as an upholsterer--he decorates his studio in preserved animals,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How do people react to his eccentricities?", "answer": {"text": "the Detroit Free Press produced copies of both a marriage license and divorce certificate for him and Meg, confirming their history as a married couple.", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#0", "question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "rewrite": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the same event on the day of the independence, the first democratically elected prime minister of Congo, Patrice Lumumba, answered in a speech that was very critical for the Belgian regime. Lumumba mentioned the killing of many Congolese, the insults and humiliations and the slavery they suffered. Lumumba's speech infuriated King Baudouin and started a harsh conflict between both men. After the independence of Congo, the rich province of Katanga set up a secession that received substantial military and financial support from the Belgian government and Belgian companies with business interests in this region. King Baudouin strengthened his relationships with the Katangese politician Moise Tshomb\u00e9, whom he made a knight in the order of Leopold. In the meanwhile, the Belgian government as well as the CIA supported or organized themselves plans to murder Patrice Lumumba. In early December 1960, Patrice Lumumba and two colleagues were imprisoned in military barracks about 150 kilometers from Leopoldville. They were underfed and mistreated, then released in mid-January 1961. Within hours Lumumba was again captured, relocated, beaten, and within hours executed by Congolese soldiers under Belgian command; a Belgian police officer cut up Lumumba\u2019s body and dissolved the corpse in acid. In 2001, a parliamentary investigation set up by the Belgian government concluded that King Baudouin, amongst others, was informed of a murder plan set up by later dictator Joseph Mobutu and the Katangese rebel Moise Tshomb\u00e9. Both men had agreed to the Belgian colonel Guy Weber to \"neutralize Lumumba, if possible physically\". The King, informed, did nothing more and this neglect was described as 'incriminating' by the parliamentary investigation, although there was no evidence found that the king ordered the set up of the plans. Baudouin reigned for 42 years.", "Pauline Opango Pauline Opango Lumumba (January 1, 1937 - December 23, 2014), also known as Pauline Opangu, was a Congolese activist, and the wife of Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo. She was born in Wembonyama, Sankuru, Belgian Congo. She married Patrice Lumumba on March 15, 1951, was his third wife, bore him two children, Patrice, and Marie-Christine. It was an at times difficult relationship, and the couple were separated by Patrice's imprisonment on more than one occasion. Pauline never remarried, reportedly because she was unable to \"find someone else of the same quality\". Patrice Lumumba is one of the iconic figures in the decolonisation of Africa. Much of the Congo Basin was a colony of Belgium, from 1885 as a virtual private fiefdom of Leopold II, until its annexation by the Belgian state in 1908. Patrice Lumumba helped to found the \"Mouvement National Congolais\" and was elected the first Prime Minister of the independent Republic of Congo in 1960. Within a year of his election, Patrice Lumumba was shot by firing squad after his government was overthrown in a coup d'etat. A 23-year-old Pauline Lumumba watched as her husband was arrested, beaten, and taken away by his murderers. Lumumba seemed to believe he would be killed, and wrote to Pauline encouraging her to carry on his work after his death. He asked Pauline to build a sense of pride in Congo's history, and to counter the \"degrading\" and \"shameful\" influence of Belgium, and other Western countries, in the national culture. Pauline's first action in response to the letter was her participation in demonstrations by her husband's followers in support of decolonizing the Congo.", "Patrice Lumumba Preparatory School Patrice Lumumba Preparatory School (Portuguese: \"Escola Preparat\u00f3ria Patrice Lumumba\", abbreviation: \"EPLP\") is a lyceum located in the southwestern part of the city centre of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9, S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe. It is the oldest secondary school in the country, established in 1952. It currently has about 3,000 students. The one story building of the former \"Col\u00e9gio-Liceu\" of S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 was designed by Luc\u00ednio Cruz. In 1959 it was renamed \"Liceu Nacional D. Jo\u00e3o II\", after King John II of Portugal. After independence in 1975, the school became a preparatory school, and the National Lyceum moved to the former technical school building. In 1988, in the midst of reforms of Santomean education, the school was named after Congolese leader Patrice Lumumba.", "Patrice Lumumba Ford Patrice Lumumba Ford has been accused of membership in a terrorist group dubbed the Portland Seven, members of which attempted to travel to Afghanistan shortly after 9/11 in order to aid the Taliban. He refused to cooperate with the government and was sentenced to eighteen years in prison (avoiding a possible life sentence) after pleading guilty to seditious conspiracy and levying war against American and allied forces. Patrice Lumumba Ford is Ford's birth name \u2013 he is named after Patrice Lumumba. Ford's father, Kent Ford, had been a local leader in the Black Panther Party in the 1960s. A family friend and political activist , Kathleen Sadat commented that \"Lumumba was raised by people who taught that we exist in a multicultural world and the trick is learning how to get along with other people, not to destroy them.\" Ford dropped out of Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia shortly after enrolling 1989 and later enrolled at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, majoring in Chinese and International Studies. He studied for three semesters in China, where he eventually converted to Islam. Reflecting on Ford's attitude after his return to Portland, one of his instructors, professor Gerald Sussman said \"Ford was head and shoulders above everybody in the class... He was a very nice guy, smart and tremendously responsible.\" Ford indicated at one point that \"he wanted to marry a \"real\" Muslim \u2013 not a \"fake\" American one \u2013 who carries an AK-47 assault rifle and is \"ready to run and blow something up.\" \"   In 1998 and 1999, Ford worked at Portland City Hall in Oregon and was widely described as a \"model intern.\"", "Files of importance to the CIA mission to assassinate Patrice Lumumba include the 1975\u201376 US Senate Church Committee's investigation of CIA assassination plots against Lumumba, the report of a Belgian parliamentary inquiry in 2001, Congo Station Chief Larry Devlin's 2007 memoir, and the long-awaited appearance in 2013 of a \"retrospective\" Congo volume in the State Department's Foreign Relations of the United States series, which contains extensive CIA operational documents from the 1960s. Activities were done in Congo in order to control the government and try to stop the communist influence. They ended up spending around 12 million on operations, over 80 million in today's current value. In recent years, new evidence has emerged about this grisly event and those responsible for it. In a February 14, 1972 memorandum, found at the National Security Archive at George Washington University, by a writer whose name has been redacted, states, he was \"directed by Mr. Richard Bissell to assume responsibility for a project involving the assassination of Patrice Lumumba.\" According to this report, the plan was to murder Patrice Lumumba by poisoning him. Larry Devlin became Chief of Station in Congo in July 1960, a mere 10 days after the country's independence from Belgium and shortly before Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba's two-month term in office, dismissal from power, and eventual bloody execution a mere seven months after the Congo gained independence. In his memoir, Devlin reveals that late in 1960, he received instructions from an agent (\"Joe from Paris\"), who was relaying instructions from CIA headquarters that he (Devlin) was to effect the assassination of Lumumba. Though the CIA denies involvement in the assassination of Lumumba, recent documents have been released, disclosing information pertaining to the plan of trying to poison Lumumba."], "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#1", "question": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose him?", "rewrite": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose Patrice Lumumba?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["President Kasa-Vubu began fearing a Lumumbist coup d'etat would take place. On the evening of 5 September, Kasa-Vubu announced over radio that he had dismissed Lumumba and six of his ministers from the government for the massacres in South Kasai and for involving the Soviets in the Congo. Upon hearing the broadcast, Lumumba made his way to the national radio station, which was under UN guard. Though they had been ordered to bar Lumumba's entry, the UN troops allowed the prime minister in, as they had no specific instructions to use force against him. Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed. He proceeded to Parliament and launched into a debate in which he, in the words of American Ambassador Clare Timberlake, \"devastated the points raised by the opposition\" and \"made Kasa-Vubu look ridiculous.\" The newly appointed prime minister, Senate leader Joseph Ileo, failed to secure a vote of confidence, which Lumumba won in the Senate on 8 September, 41 to 2 (with 6 abstentions). Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis. Numerous African diplomats and newly appointed ONUC head Rajeshwar Dayal attempted to get the president and prime minister to reconcile their differences, but failed. On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers. On 14 September, a coup d'etat organised by Colonel Mobutu politically incapacitated both Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu. Lumumba was placed under house arrest on the next day at the Prime Minister's residence.", "At first, he advocated for independence from Belgium on a 30-year timeline, but he shortened the timetable as the ABAKO movement gained in strength. In his inauguration speech as mayor of Dendale, Kasa-Vubu reiterated his demand for independence, drawing a reprimand from Belgian colonial authorities, which only strengthened his image as a Congolese leader. On 4 January 1959, an ABAKO political gathering organised by Kasa-Vubu erupted into violence, sparking the L\u00e9opoldville riots, a pivotal moment in the Congolese struggle for independence. Kasa-Vubu was set to address the crowd on African nationalism, but colonial authorities banned the meeting. They were unable to calm the crowd and thousands of Congolese began rioting. Kasa-Vubu was arrested, along with several other leaders, and imprisoned for inciting the riot. He was released two months later. Upon Congo's independence from Belgium, the ABAKO won a significant number of votes in the new parliament but not an outright victory. In a political compromise, it was agreed that Patrice Lumumba, of the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC) would be prime minister, and Kasa-Vubu would face Jean Bolikango, a former mentor in the ABAKO, for the presidency. The election of Kasa-Vubu brought about wide-ranging acceptance of the Congo's new administration. The Belgian press reacted positively to the development, while the L\u00e9opoldville's daily newspaper \"Courrier d'Afrique\", edited by a Kongo, showed much warmer approval of the government. International opinion expressed satisfaction at the striking of a proper balance in leadership. Belgian politicians hoped that Kasa-Vubu would check Lumumba's impulses and personal disdain for Belgium. He was officially sworn in as President on 27 June.", "Lumumba Government The Lumumba Government (), synecdochically known as the Lumumba Ministry or Lumumba Cabinet, was the first set of ministers, ministers of state, and secretaries of state that governed the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) under the leadership of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba from 24 June until 12 September 1960. Weak and divided, its tenure was dominated by a widespread mutiny in the army and two secessions. The government suffered from and inherited many problems from the era of the Belgian Congo, a tightly-administered colony which for most of is existence had few political freedoms. In the late 1950s an independence movement suddenly emerged, led by figures such as Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Kasa-Vubu. Fears that the situation might turn violent led the Belgian government to grant the Congo independence on 30 June 1960. A provisional constitution, providing for a parliamentary regime with a responsible government and prime minister and an irresponsible head of state, was instituted, and general elections were hastily organised. Lumumba's nationalist party, the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), won a plurality of the seats in Parliament. After much hesitation, King Baudouin of Belgium appointed Lumumba \"formateur\", tasking him with creating a government. On 23 June Lumumba announced his completed government, a broad coalition consisting of 23 ministers, 4 ministers of state, and 10 secretaries of state, and presented it to the lower house of Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies. The vote of confidence succeeded by only a small margin. The Senate gave a more decisive vote of approval the following day, and the Lumumba Government was officially invested. With Lumumba's backing, Parliament elected Kasa-Vubu President. There was a significant amount of confusion in the establishment of the new government.", "College of Commissioners-General The College of Commissioners-General (French: \"Coll\u00e8ge des Commissaires-generaux\") was a body of university graduates that acted as the third government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) under the leadership of Justin Marie Bomboko from 20 September 1960 until 9 February 1961. On 24 June 1960 the Lumumba Government was installed as the first indigenous government of the new Republic of the Congo. Independence followed on 30 June 1960, but governing became chaotic amid an army mutiny, disorder, and Belgian intervention. Throughout August 1960 President Joseph Kasa-Vubu became increasingly bothered by Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba's growing authoritarianism, the collapse in administration, and the enlarging prospects of civil war. On 5 September Kasa-Vubu announced the revocation of Lumumba's ministerial mandate, along with the dismissal of Deputy Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga, three other ministers, and two secretaries of state over the radio. He stated that the President of the Senate, Joseph Il\u00e9o, would form a new government. After Lumumba heard of the firing he held heated discussions with his ministers and made three broadcasts, defending his government and declaring Kasa-Vubu to be deposed. Two days later the Chamber of Deputies convened to discuss Kasa-Vubu's dismissal order. The Chamber voted to annul both Kasa-Vubu's and Lumumba's declarations of dismissal, 60 to 19. The following day the Senate delivered the Lumumba Government a vote of confidence, 49 to zero with seven abstentions. According to Article 51, Parliament was granted the \"exclusive privilege\" to interpret the constitution. In cases of doubt and controversy, the Congolese were originally supposed to appeal constitutional questions to the Belgian Conseil d'\u00c9tat.", "In the end, it was decided that the former Belgian Congo would be recognised as the Republic of the Congo or Congo-L\u00e9opoldville while the former French Congo would be known as the Congolese Republic or Congo-Brazzaville. Following a constitutional referendum in 1964 it was renamed the \"Democratic Republic of the Congo\", and in 1971 it was changed again to \"Republic of Za\u00efre\". Shortly after independence, the provinces of Katanga (with Moise Tshombe) and South Kasai engaged in secessionist struggles against the new leadership. Subsequent events led to a crisis between President Kasa-Vubu and Prime Minister Lumumba. On 5 September 1960, Kasavubu dismissed Lumumba from office. Lumumba declared Kasa-Vubu's action \"unconstitutional\" and a crisis between the two leaders developed. Lumumba had previously appointed Joseph Mobutu chief of staff of the new Congolese army, the Armee Nationale Congolaise (ANC). Taking advantage of the leadership crisis between Kasa-Vubu and Lumumba, Mobutu garnered enough support within the army to inspire mutinous action. With financial support from the United States and Belgium, Mobutu made payments to his soldiers to generate their loyalty. The aversion of Western powers towards communism and leftist ideology, in general, influenced their decision to finance Mobutu's quest to maintain \"order\" in the new state by neutralizing Kasa-Vubu and Lumumba in a coup by proxy. On 17 January 1961, Katangan forces, supported by the Belgian government, which desired to retain mining rights for copper and diamonds in Katanga and South Kasai, and the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), which desired to remove leftist sympathizers from the region, assassinated Patrice Lumumba."], "answer": {"text": "Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis.", "answer_start": 1075}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#2", "question": "How did they solve this problem?", "rewrite": "How did the Parliament solve the problem of the constitutional crisis?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Constitutional crisis In political science, a constitutional crisis is a problem or conflict in the function of a government that the political constitution or other fundamental governing law is perceived to be unable to resolve. There are several variations to this definition. For instance, one describes it as the crisis that arises out of the failure, or at least a strong risk of failure, of a constitution to perform its central functions. The crisis may arise from a variety of possible causes. For example, a government may want to pass a law contrary to its constitution; the constitution may fail to provide a clear answer for a specific situation; the constitution may be clear but it may be politically infeasible to follow it; the government institutions themselves may falter or fail to live up to what the law prescribes them to be; or officials in the government may justify avoiding dealing with a serious problem based on narrow interpretations of the law. Specific examples include the South African Coloured vote constitutional crisis in the 1950s, the secession of the southern U.S. states in 1860 and 1861, the controversial dismissal of the Australian Federal government in 1975 and the 2007 Ukrainian crisis. Constitutional crises may arise from conflicts between different branches of government, conflicts between central and local governments, or simply conflicts among various factions within society. In the course of government, the crisis results when one or more of the parties to a political dispute willfully chooses to violate a law of the constitution; or to flout an unwritten constitutional convention; or to dispute the correct, legal interpretation of the violated constitutional law or of the flouted political custom. This was demonstrated by the so-called XYZ Affair, which involved the bribery of French officials by a contingent of American commissioners who were sent to preserve peace between France and the United States.", "Coloured vote constitutional crisis The Coloured vote constitutional crisis, also known as the Coloured vote case, was a constitutional crisis that occurred in the Union of South Africa during the 1950s as the result of an attempt by the Nationalist government to remove Coloured voters in the Union's Cape Province from the common voters' rolls. It developed into a dispute between the judiciary (in particular the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court) and the other branches of government (Parliament and the executive) over the power of Parliament to amend an entrenched clause in the South Africa Act (the constitution) and the power of the Appellate Division to overturn the amendment as unconstitutional. The crisis ended when the government enlarged the Senate and altered its method of election, allowing the amendment to be successfully enacted. Before the creation of the Union of South Africa, elections in the Cape Colony were conducted on the basis of the qualified franchise. This meant that the right to vote was limited to men meeting property and literacy qualifications, but not restricted on the basis of race. This differed from the other South African colonies: in Natal the franchise was limited to white men in practise though not in law, while in the Transvaal and the Orange River Colony the franchise was limited by law to white men. The South Africa Act, which was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, unified these four colonies to form the Union but preserved their franchise arrangements unchanged. Section 35 of the South Africa Act provided that no law could disenfranchise voters in the Cape Province on the basis of race, unless that law was passed by an absolute supermajority of two-thirds of the members of both Houses of Parliament sitting together in a joint session. Section 35 was entrenched by section 152, which provided that neither section 35 nor section 152 itself could be amended without a similar supermajority in joint session.", "1975 Australian constitutional crisis The 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, also known simply as the Dismissal, has been described as the greatest political and constitutional crisis in Australian history. It culminated on 11 November 1975 with the dismissal from office of the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam of the Australian Labor Party (ALP), by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, who then commissioned the Leader of the Opposition, Malcolm Fraser of the Liberal Party, as caretaker Prime Minister. Whitlam's Labor government had been elected in 1972 with a small majority in the House of Representatives, but with the Senate balance of power being held by the Democratic Labor Party who usually supported the Liberal-Country Opposition. Another election in 1974 resulted in little change. While the Whitlam Government introduced many new policies and programs, it was also rocked by scandals and political miscalculations. In October 1975, the Opposition used its control of the Senate to defer passage of appropriation bills (needed to finance government expenditure), that had been passed by the House of Representatives. The Opposition stated that they would continue their stance unless Whitlam called an election for the House of Representatives, and urged Kerr to dismiss Whitlam unless he agreed to their demand. Whitlam believed that Kerr would not dismiss him, and Kerr did nothing to disabuse Whitlam of this notion. On 11 November 1975, Whitlam intended to call a half-Senate election in an attempt to break the deadlock. When he went to seek Kerr's approval of the election, Kerr instead dismissed him as Prime Minister and shortly thereafter installed Fraser in his place. Acting quickly before all ALP parliamentarians became aware of the change of government, Fraser and his allies were able to secure passage of the appropriation bills, and Kerr dissolved Parliament for a double dissolution election.", "2012 Romanian constitutional crisis The 2012 Romanian constitutional crisis was a major political and constitutional conflict between President Traian B\u0103sescu and Prime Minister Victor Ponta of Romania. A dispute arose between the two regarding the representation of Romania to the European Council reunion of June 28, 2012. The dispute degenerated in civil disobedience and conflicting views between political parties. On 12 December 2012, B\u0103sescu and Ponta signed an agreement on institutional cohabitation, effectively ending the crisis. President Traian B\u0103sescu and Prime Minister Victor Ponta became locked in a constitutional judicial conflict over Romania's representation at the June 28, 2012 meeting of the European Council. President Traian B\u0103sescu submitted a complaint to Romania's Constitutional Court in point of the conflict with Government concerning the representation on the European Council. Ponta declared to the Romanian press agency Mediafax that misconception claimed by President B\u0103sescu to the Constitutional Court is between Presidency and Parliament, and Court judges can only determine the existence of a conflict, that can not be solved only by amending the Constitution. Parliament plenary adopted on June 12, 2012, with 249 votes in favor, 30 against and two abstentions, a political declaration recommending that at European Council meeting on June 28 Romania to be represented by Premier Victor Ponta, not by President Traian B\u0103sescu. That decision triggered a fierce conflict between the two Palaces. , President Traian B\u0103sescu sent to Premier Victor Ponta a letter which drew attention that participation in the European Council without a mandate from the President legally equalizes with ownership of a constitutional prerogatives of the President. At a press conference, Ponta broke the letter, ironically replying this gesture. On June 27, Constitutional Court decides that the President is required to attend the European Council in Brussels. Ponta respond in a way that nobody expected.", "2011\u201312 Papua New Guinean constitutional crisis 2011\u20132012 Papua New Guinean constitutional crisis was a dispute between Sir Michael Somare and Peter O\u2019Neill. Both claimed to be Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea. O\u2019Neill had been elected by parliament as prime minister on 2 August 2011 and Sir Michael Somare claimed the post on the basis of a Supreme Court ruling on 12 December 2011. Article 142(2) of the Constitution provides that the Prime Minister is appointed \"by the Head of State, acting in accordance with a decision of the Parliament.\" The Queen\u2019s role is executed by the Governor General. The Governor General had therefore to decide on the actual wish of parliament: the opinion identified by O\u2019Neill or the wish as defined by the Supreme Court. The situation raised important constitutional issues. The actual crisis cannot be understood as a question of law in the first place. It was part of a longer standing power struggle between opposition and government. O\u2019Neill won that struggle and remained the facto in power after the court ruling. It laid the foundation for his dominance in the PNG political arena. Somare did not admit defeat. The 2012 election, however, gave a clear victory to O\u2019Neill. Somare accepted the outcome and he even supported the election of O\u2019Neill as prime minister. The conflict flared up again during the Peter O\u2019Neill/Leo Dion government period from 2012 to 2017. The government of Michael Somare was already challenged before the constitutional crisis. The opposition had tried to mount a motion of no confidence since 2009. This was blocked by the speaker, Jeffrey Nape, through adjourning parliament before the motion could be tabled. Somare\u2019s reputation was also dented by a leadership tribunal in 2009. That tribunal, however, treated him lightly. During the tribunal he appointed Sam Abal as acting Prime Minister."], "answer": {"text": "On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers.", "answer_start": 1341}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose him?", "answer": {"text": "Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#3", "question": "What happened after this?", "rewrite": "What happened after the joint session between the Senate and the Assembly?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joint session of the United States Congress A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Joint sessions can be held on any special occasion, but are required to be held when the president delivers a State of the Union address, when they gather to count and certify the votes of the Electoral College following a presidential election, or when they convene on the occasion of a presidential inauguration. A joint session is a ceremonial or formal occasion and does not perform any legislative function; and no resolution is proposed or vote taken. Joint sessions and meetings are usually held in the Chamber of the House of Representatives, and are traditionally presided over by the speaker of the House. However, the Constitution requires the vice president (as president of the Senate) to preside over the counting of electoral votes. The Twelfth Amendment mandates that the Congress assemble in joint session to count the electoral votes and declare the winners of the election. The session is ordinarily required to take place on January 6 in the calendar year immediately following the meetings of the presidential electors. The Twentieth Amendment now provides that the newly elected Congress declares the winner of the election. Until 1936, the outgoing Congress counted the electoral votes. The joint session to count electoral votes is held at 1:00 p.m. Eastern time on January 6 in the Chamber of the House of Representatives. The sitting vice president is expected to preside, but in several cases the president \"pro tempore\" of the Senate has chaired the proceedings instead. The vice president and the speaker of the House sit at the podium, with the vice president in the seat of the speaker of the House. Senate pages bring in the two mahogany boxes containing each state's certified vote and place them on tables in front of the senators and representatives.", "Joint session A joint session or joint convention is, most broadly, when two normally separate decision-making groups meet together, often in a special session or other extraordinary meeting, for a specific purpose. Most often it refers to when both houses of a bicameral legislature sit together. A joint session typically occurs to receive foreign or domestic diplomats or leaders, or to allow both houses to consider bills together. Some constitutions give special power to a joint session, voting by majority of all members of the legislature regardless of which house or chamber they belong to. For example, in Switzerland a joint session of the two houses elects the members of the Federal Council (cabinet). In India, disputes between houses are resolved by a joint sitting but without an intervening election. In the Australian federal parliament, a joint sitting can be held, under certain conditions, to overcome a deadlock between the two houses. For a deadlock to be declared, a bill has to be rejected twice by the Senate at an interval of at least three months, after which a double dissolution election can be held. If, following the election, the new parliament is still unable to pass the bill, it may be considered by a joint sitting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and must achieve an absolute majority of the total number of members and senators in order to pass. The only example of this occurring was the Joint Sitting of the Australian Parliament of 1974 under the Whitlam Labor government, at which six deadlocked bills were passed. Because the House has twice as many members as the Senate, the former has an advantage in a joint sitting. However, the voting system used for the Senate before 1949, which might be called \"multiple at-large voting\", often led to landslide if not wipe-out results in each state, resulting in a winning margin over the whole of Australia of up to 36-0.", "That would have given the party or grouping enjoying such a large Senate majority an advantage in any joint sitting, had there been one. The voting system now used for the Senate, quota-preferential proportional representation, almost inevitably leads to very evenly divided results. Six senators are elected from each state and two from each territory. A party or grouping has to get at least 57% of the vote in any State to obtain a four-two majority of seats in that state, whereas from 51% to 56% of the vote yields only an equality of three seats to each major party or group. The Federal Assembly is a formal joint session of the two houses of the bicameral Austrian Parliament, to swear the elected President of Austria into office. The Chamber of Representatives and the Senate convene as United Chambers (; ; ) to swear the King into office, as stipulated by article 91 of the Constitution. The Canadian government procedure is called a joint address, with the members of the House of Commons attending the Senate as guests. There is no procedure in Canada for both chambers of the Parliament to sit in a true joint session. Various government agencies and non-governmental organizations may also meet jointly to handle problems which each of the involved parties has a stake in. The Congress of France is an assembly of both houses of the French Parliament, convened at the Palace of Versailles, which can approve certain amendments to the constitution by a three-fifth majority of all members. Since 2008, the Congress may also be convened to hear an address from the President of the Republic. The Federal Convention elects the President of Germany. It includes members from the Bundestag and representatives of the States of Germany. In India, if an ordinary bill has been rejected by any house of the parliament and if more than six months have elapsed, the President may summon a joint session for purpose of passing the bill.", "In a sitting of the House of Assembly, Sen. Monica Mutsvangwa of the ZANU\u2013PF caucus made the motion to convene a joint session of Parliament with the full Senate for the impeachment of Mugabe, and MP James Maridadi of the MDC-T seconded the motion. The MPs then adjourned to the Harare International Conference Centre for the joint session because the Parliament building could not accommodate a joint sitting. The joint session was tasked with deciding on impeachment by a majority vote and selecting a nine-member committee to investigate the allegations against Mugabe:  If this committee recommended impeachment, the joint sitting had to approve the recommendation by a two-thirds majority (233 seats of the 347-seat total). Prior to the session, a cabinet meeting called by Mugabe was snubbed by 17 out of 22 members, with the absentees opting to attend a mandatory meeting of the ZANU\u2013PF parliamentary caucus. Mnangagwa wrote a letter saying that he could not meet personally with Mugabe while his safety could not be guaranteed. The letter also urged Mugabe to resign. The crisis harmed Zimbabwe's economy, with investors dumping Zimbabwean stocks, sending them falling 10% on Monday to an eight-week low of 387.38. At 18:00 local time Mugabe resigned. His resignation, in the form of an official statement, was announced by Speaker of Parliament Jacob Mudenda to the joint session. Many of the legislators in every party cheered happily right after Mudenda read Mugabe's resignation letter. In accordance with the Zimbabwean constitution, the Vice President, Phelekezela Mphoko, became acting president, pending nomination of a new candidate by the ruling party.", "It was designed for the Queen and her friends to amuse themselves by playing peasants, and included a farmhouse with a dairy, a mill, a boudoir, a pigeon loft, a tower in the form of a lighthouse from which one could fish in the pond, a belvedere, a cascade and grotto, and a luxuriously furnished cottage with a billiard room for the Queen. The palace still serves political functions. Heads of state are regaled in the Hall of Mirrors; the bicameral French Parliament\u2014consisting of the Senate (\"S\u00e9nat\") and the National Assembly (\"Assembl\u00e9e nationale\")\u2014meet in joint session (a congress of the French Parliament) in Versailles to revise or otherwise amend the French Constitution, a tradition that came into effect with the promulgation of the 1875 Constitution. For example, the Parliament met in joint session at Versailles to pass constitutional amendments in June 1999 (for domestic applicability of International Criminal Court decisions and for gender equality in candidate lists), in January 2000 (ratifying the Treaty of Amsterdam), and in March 2003 (specifying the \"decentralized organization\" of the French Republic). In 2009, President Nicolas Sarkozy addressed the global financial crisis before a congress in Versailles, the first time that this had been done since 1848, when Charles-Louis Napoleon Bonaparte gave an address before the French Second Republic. Following the November 2015 Paris attacks, President Fran\u00e7ois Hollande gave a speech before a rare joint session of parliament at the Palace of Versailles. This was the third time since 1848 that a French president addressed a joint session of the French Parliament at Versailles. The president of the National Assembly has an official apartment at the Palace of Versailles. One of the most baffling aspects to the study of Versailles is the cost \u2013 how much Louis XIV and his successors spent on Versailles."], "answer": {"text": "On 14 September, a coup d'etat organised by Colonel Mobutu politically incapacitated both Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu.", "answer_start": 1519}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose him?", "answer": {"text": "Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they solve this problem?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#4", "question": "What did Lumumba do about this?", "rewrite": "What did Lumumba do about the coup d'etat by Colonen Mobutu?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["An American National Security cable shortly after the coup described the need for a 'crash operation' to bolster Mobutu with financial and personal assistance, as well as noting an 'almost successful' assassination attempt against Mobutu. It was of key importance that Mobutu retained his control over Congo, and the CIA was determined to stop Soviet influence at any cost. This support led to Larry Devlin becoming \"not just the paymaster but also an influential de facto member of the government he had helped install\". Mobutu and his political allies formed the Binza Group, a primary tool used by Devlin to exert influence. Devlin was an asset to some of Mobutu's decisions, such as Mobutu's plan to fire President Kasavubu in an effort to expand his power. Devlin counseled Mobutu otherwise, recommending Mobutu work with a counsel of CIA-backed associates, and choose cabinet ministers for Kasavubu to maintain control over parliament. Devlin was also responsible for deescalating another aggressive move to attack Lumumba's UN security detail and arrest him \u2013 while Lumumba was already under house arrest at the time. With Lumumba painted as a pro-Soviet radical, Mobutu would lead the September 14th coup against him and President Joseph Kasavubu, hoping to neutralize them and impose a ban on politics for the rest of the year. The coup was sponsored by the CIA, and would receive continued support by the CIA, including an October 27 decision by the 5412 group to release an additional $250,000 to support Mobutu. The coup resulted in Lumumba being placed under de facto house arrest, protected by UN forces. When Lumumbu grew tired of the situation, he escaped UN protection with his family and made his way to Stanleyville in the Orientale province of the Congo.", "President Kasa-Vubu began fearing a Lumumbist coup d'etat would take place. On the evening of 5 September, Kasa-Vubu announced over radio that he had dismissed Lumumba and six of his ministers from the government for the massacres in South Kasai and for involving the Soviets in the Congo. Upon hearing the broadcast, Lumumba made his way to the national radio station, which was under UN guard. Though they had been ordered to bar Lumumba's entry, the UN troops allowed the prime minister in, as they had no specific instructions to use force against him. Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed. He proceeded to Parliament and launched into a debate in which he, in the words of American Ambassador Clare Timberlake, \"devastated the points raised by the opposition\" and \"made Kasa-Vubu look ridiculous.\" The newly appointed prime minister, Senate leader Joseph Ileo, failed to secure a vote of confidence, which Lumumba won in the Senate on 8 September, 41 to 2 (with 6 abstentions). Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis. Numerous African diplomats and newly appointed ONUC head Rajeshwar Dayal attempted to get the president and prime minister to reconcile their differences, but failed. On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers. On 14 September, a coup d'etat organised by Colonel Mobutu politically incapacitated both Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu. Lumumba was placed under house arrest on the next day at the Prime Minister's residence.", "Western nations were under the impression that Lumumba was a communist and the United States, Belgium, and France all worked to undermine and divide his government. Domestic opposition to the government cemented by late July. On 9 August the region of South Kasai went into secession. Lumumba increasingly relied on only a few advisers and rarely consulted the full Council of Ministers, and several members of the government began acting without his direction. He resorted to increasingly authoritarian measures to maintain control over the country. In late August an offensive was launched against the secessionist states with the Soviet Union's technical assistance. The ANC became involved in ethnic conflict in South Kasai and committed several atrocities, bringing the government into disrepute. On 5 September President Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba and six other members of the government. The dismissal order was countersigned by two ministers who disapproved of Lumumba's actions. Lumumba refused to leave office and contested with his replacement over control of the administration. Parliament reaffirmed its confidence in the Lumumba Government, resulting in a constitutional deadlock. On 14 September Mobutu launched a coup that definitely removed Lumumba from power and installed his own regime. Lumumba attempted to flee to the eastern portion of the Congo with ministers that remained loyal to him, but was arrested by Mobutu's troops. Antoine Gizenga, his deputy, succeeded in escaping and established a new government that he declared was the legal successor regime to Lumumba's. Mobutu's government sent Lumumba and one of his ministers to Katanga in January 1961 where they were executed by local authorities. Two other ministers and one of the secretaries of state were killed in separate acts of political violence.", "Devlin decided not to alert neither the Agency nor the US government until he was already being moved. He did this because the Kennedy Administration was about to come into power, and Eisenhower would have wanted Kennedy to decide what to do, since his term was so close to ending. So, Devlin wanted to ensure that Lumumba would die at the hands of Mobutu and the Belgians. The United States backed Joseph Mobutu for over three decades. Support for Mobutu started when Lumumba was in power. Mobutu was Lumumba's chief of staff and head of the army, and continued to grow as he became a more influential leader in the Congo. Even throughout the years following Lumumba's death, the United States is credited with not only supporting Mobutu for over three decades but also with assisting in stabilizing the country during the aftermath of Lumumba's death. \" The CIA's program persisted through several political crises in the Congo during 1962-63 and at least can be credited with helping the government survive them.\" Then-chief of station Larry Devlin interviewed Joseph Mobutu twice. Mobutu assured Devlin that he was advancing his troops to the capital in order to remove Lumumba. In a volume of Foreign Relations of the United States recalls, \"this was the beginning of the plan for Mobutu to take over the government\". After the meetings, Devlin decided the best course of action to take was to offer financial support to Mobutu's troops. On September 14, 1960, Mobutu replaced Lumumba, but kept then-president Joseph Kasavubu. The CIA supported him with money, warning of assassination plots, and recommendations for ministerial appointments and ultimately counseled Mobutu to reject reconciliation with Lumumba and arrest him and his associates instead.", "He received massive military aid and about a thousand Soviet technical advisers within six weeks. As this was during the Cold War, the US government feared that the Soviet activity was a maneuver to spread communist influence in Central Africa. Kasa-Vubu was encouraged by the US and Belgium to dismiss Lumumba, which he did on 5 September. An outraged Lumumba declared Kasa-Vubu deposed. Parliament refused to recognise the dismissals and urged reconciliation, but no agreement was reached. Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu each ordered Mobutu to arrest the other. As Army Chief of Staff, Mobutu came under great pressure from multiple sources. The embassies of Western nations, which helped pay the soldiers' salaries, as well as Kasa-Vubu and Mobutu's subordinates, all favored getting rid of the Soviet presence. On 14 September Mobutu launched a bloodless coup, declaring both Kasa-Vubu and Lumumba to be \"neutralised\" and establishing a new government of university graduates, the College of Commissioners-General. Lumumba rejected this action but was forced to retire to his residence, where UN peacekeepers prevented Mobutu's soldiers from arresting him. Losing confidence that the international community would support his reinstatement, Lumumba fled in late November to join his supporters in Stanleyville to establish a new government. He was captured by Mobutu's troops in early December, and incarcerated at his headquarters in Thysville. However, Mobutu still considered him a threat, and transferred him to the rebelling State of Katanga on 17 January 1961. Lumumba disappeared from public view. It was later discovered that he was murdered the same day by the secessionist forces of Moise Tshombe, after Mobutu's government turned him over."], "answer": {"text": "Three days later he fled Leopoldville.", "answer_start": 419}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose him?", "answer": {"text": "Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they solve this problem?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after this?", "answer": {"text": "On 14 September, a coup d'etat organised by Colonel Mobutu politically incapacitated both Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#5", "question": "Where did he flee to?", "rewrite": "Where did Lumumba flee to?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["PLO Lumumba Patrick Loch Otieno Lumumba (born 17 July 1962) is a Kenyan who served as the Director of Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission from September 2010 to August 2011. Since 2014, Lumumba is the Director of The Kenya School of Laws. An eloquent lawyer, Lumumba holds a PhD in Laws of the sea from the University of Ghent in Belgium. Lumumba is also a staunch Pan-Africanist and has delivered several powerful speeches alluding to or about African solutions to African problems. He is an admirer of Patrice Lumumba and Thomas Sankara, the deceased and assassinated revolutionary leaders of the D. R. Congo and the Burkina Faso, respectively. Lumumba has referred to and quoted them several times in his speeches. Lumumba is also remembered for his emotion-laden and energetic speech in Uganda at the third Anti-Corruption Convention. On August 28, 2015, the PAV Ansah Foundation invited Lumumba to speak at the 2015 PAVA Forum on Good Governance and tiop, Whither Africa? At the lecture, Lumumba expressed his serious concern about the energy crises that African leaders have allowed to reach such a devastating stage. Lumumba also talked about the issue of African youth fleeing the continent. Lumumba blamed them on the economic hardships and the \"misgovernment\" from their leaders. Lumumba encouraged African leaders to rise to the challenge of changing the fortunes of the continent. In 2017, Lumumba gave a moving speech to youths in Kenya on importance of making bold choice at The Fearless conference 2017. Lumumba served as the Director of Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission for less than a year and was dismissed under controversial circumstances.", "Pomonte, Scansano  Pomonte is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Scansano, province of Grosseto. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 26. Pomonte is about 40 km from Grosseto and 14 km from Scansano, and it is situated on the hills along the \"Amiatina\" Provincial Road.", "It was also noted that the Congo Station Chief, Larry Devlin, withheld information of a plan by Congolese assets to send Lumumba to his enemies until after Lumumba had been killed. However, Devlin had actually put in a request to pay off a garrison to help restore Lumumba to power, but the State Department denied his request. Speculation as to why the information and request were handled this way was believed to have been because John F. Kennedy's incoming administration was reconsidering Eisenhower's tough stance towards Lumumba. Though \"impatient\" and \"inexperienced\", Lumumba is credited with representing Congo's best hope in a post-colonial setting. Foreign Affairs' Stephen Weissman argues that working with Lumumba would have better served both Congo and the United States. Lumumba's legacy is still felt today, in an article entitled, \"Patrice Lumumba: The most Important Assassination of the 20th Century\" author Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja states that, \"the greatest legacy that Lumumba left for Congo is the ideal for national unity.\" The exact involvement of the CIA in Lumumba's assassination is still debated by scholars and journalists. According to senior research fellow of the National Security Archive, John Prados, the CIA was involved in several indirect ways. First, the CIA had the Congolese official that issued Lumumba's arrest warrant on their payroll. The CIA had also been providing Mobutu and his forces with large amounts of money and supplies, as he was going to be their pro-western puppet leading the nation instead of Lumumba. CIA officials were also aware of most situations as they developed, but failed to stop the actions against Lumumba. CIA officer Devlin, in fact, knew about the plan to move Lumumba to an area controlled by his sworn enemy.", "Western nations were under the impression that Lumumba was a communist and the United States, Belgium, and France all worked to undermine and divide his government. Domestic opposition to the government cemented by late July. On 9 August the region of South Kasai went into secession. Lumumba increasingly relied on only a few advisers and rarely consulted the full Council of Ministers, and several members of the government began acting without his direction. He resorted to increasingly authoritarian measures to maintain control over the country. In late August an offensive was launched against the secessionist states with the Soviet Union's technical assistance. The ANC became involved in ethnic conflict in South Kasai and committed several atrocities, bringing the government into disrepute. On 5 September President Kasa-Vubu dismissed Lumumba and six other members of the government. The dismissal order was countersigned by two ministers who disapproved of Lumumba's actions. Lumumba refused to leave office and contested with his replacement over control of the administration. Parliament reaffirmed its confidence in the Lumumba Government, resulting in a constitutional deadlock. On 14 September Mobutu launched a coup that definitely removed Lumumba from power and installed his own regime. Lumumba attempted to flee to the eastern portion of the Congo with ministers that remained loyal to him, but was arrested by Mobutu's troops. Antoine Gizenga, his deputy, succeeded in escaping and established a new government that he declared was the legal successor regime to Lumumba's. Mobutu's government sent Lumumba and one of his ministers to Katanga in January 1961 where they were executed by local authorities. Two other ministers and one of the secretaries of state were killed in separate acts of political violence.", "Pomonte, Marciana Pomonte is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Marciana, province of Livorno. At the time of the 2011 census its population was 299. Pomonte is located on the Elba Island and it is about 8 km from Marciana."], "answer": {"text": "With logistical support from the United States and Belgium, Mobutu's troops managed to capture Lumumba in Lodi on 1 December.", "answer_start": 458}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose him?", "answer": {"text": "Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they solve this problem?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after this?", "answer": {"text": "On 14 September, a coup d'etat organised by Colonel Mobutu politically incapacitated both Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Lumumba do about this?", "answer": {"text": "Three days later he fled Leopoldville.", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#6", "question": "Did he regain power after this?", "rewrite": "Did Lumumba regain power after his capture?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["It was also noted that the Congo Station Chief, Larry Devlin, withheld information of a plan by Congolese assets to send Lumumba to his enemies until after Lumumba had been killed. However, Devlin had actually put in a request to pay off a garrison to help restore Lumumba to power, but the State Department denied his request. Speculation as to why the information and request were handled this way was believed to have been because John F. Kennedy's incoming administration was reconsidering Eisenhower's tough stance towards Lumumba. Though \"impatient\" and \"inexperienced\", Lumumba is credited with representing Congo's best hope in a post-colonial setting. Foreign Affairs' Stephen Weissman argues that working with Lumumba would have better served both Congo and the United States. Lumumba's legacy is still felt today, in an article entitled, \"Patrice Lumumba: The most Important Assassination of the 20th Century\" author Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja states that, \"the greatest legacy that Lumumba left for Congo is the ideal for national unity.\" The exact involvement of the CIA in Lumumba's assassination is still debated by scholars and journalists. According to senior research fellow of the National Security Archive, John Prados, the CIA was involved in several indirect ways. First, the CIA had the Congolese official that issued Lumumba's arrest warrant on their payroll. The CIA had also been providing Mobutu and his forces with large amounts of money and supplies, as he was going to be their pro-western puppet leading the nation instead of Lumumba. CIA officials were also aware of most situations as they developed, but failed to stop the actions against Lumumba. CIA officer Devlin, in fact, knew about the plan to move Lumumba to an area controlled by his sworn enemy.", "PLO Lumumba Patrick Loch Otieno Lumumba (born 17 July 1962) is a Kenyan who served as the Director of Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission from September 2010 to August 2011. Since 2014, Lumumba is the Director of The Kenya School of Laws. An eloquent lawyer, Lumumba holds a PhD in Laws of the sea from the University of Ghent in Belgium. Lumumba is also a staunch Pan-Africanist and has delivered several powerful speeches alluding to or about African solutions to African problems. He is an admirer of Patrice Lumumba and Thomas Sankara, the deceased and assassinated revolutionary leaders of the D. R. Congo and the Burkina Faso, respectively. Lumumba has referred to and quoted them several times in his speeches. Lumumba is also remembered for his emotion-laden and energetic speech in Uganda at the third Anti-Corruption Convention. On August 28, 2015, the PAV Ansah Foundation invited Lumumba to speak at the 2015 PAVA Forum on Good Governance and tiop, Whither Africa? At the lecture, Lumumba expressed his serious concern about the energy crises that African leaders have allowed to reach such a devastating stage. Lumumba also talked about the issue of African youth fleeing the continent. Lumumba blamed them on the economic hardships and the \"misgovernment\" from their leaders. Lumumba encouraged African leaders to rise to the challenge of changing the fortunes of the continent. In 2017, Lumumba gave a moving speech to youths in Kenya on importance of making bold choice at The Fearless conference 2017. Lumumba served as the Director of Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission for less than a year and was dismissed under controversial circumstances.", "UN troops were positioned around the house to prevent his arrest at the hands of Mobutu's troops, who formed an outer circle around the residence to prevent his escape. On 24 November, the UN voted to recognize Mobutu's new delegates to the General Assembly, disregarding Lumumba's original appointees. Lumumba resolved to join Deputy Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga in Stanleyville and lead a campaign to regain power. Three days later he fled Leopoldville. With logistical support from the United States and Belgium, Mobutu's troops managed to capture Lumumba in Lodi on 1 December. He was moved to Port Francqui the next day and flown back to Leopoldville. UN forces did not interfere. Mobutu claimed Lumumba would be tried for inciting the army to rebellion and other crimes.", "While attempting to travel to Stanleyville, a stronghold of pro-Lumumba support, his \"own popularity\" plagued him, as he meant to win over the countryside he stopped for speeches, allowing his captors to draw nearer to him and his family. Lumumba was ultimately murdered by his enemies in Katanga, with Belgian government participation. U.S. intelligence was kept informed. The United Nations Security Council was called into session on December 7, 1960, to consider Soviet demands that the UN seek Lumumba's immediate release, the immediate restoration of Lumumba as head of the Congo government, the disarming of the forces of Mobutu, and the immediate evacuation of Belgians from the Congo. Soviet Representative Valerian Zorin refused U.S. demands that he disqualify himself as Security Council President during the debate. Hammarskj\u00f6ld, answering Soviet attacks against his Congo operations, said that if the UN forces were withdrawn from the Congo, \"I fear everything will crumble.\" Lumumba fled house arrest in the capital in late November 1960. Following a U.N. report that Lumumba had been mistreated by his captors, his followers threatened (on December 9, 1960) to seize all Belgians and \"start cutting off the heads of some of them\" unless Lumumba was released within 48 hours. On January 14, 1961, Larry Devlin was informed of Lumumba's escape from house arrest and ultimate capture by Mobutu's forces. Lumumba was to be transferred to South Kasai, whose leader was intent on murdering Lumumba. Lumumba's scheduled transfer was suddenly switched from South Kasai to Katanga, whose leader also vowed to murder him. However, Katangan soldiers and a Belgian officer executed Lumumba a few days later on the 17th of January.", "As Il\u00e9o was no longer serving as President of the Senate, Lumumba hoped his ally, Okito, would assume the position, which would then place him next in the line of succession to the presidency in case of Kasa-Vubu's removal from office. On the evening of 6 September Kasa-Vubu summoned Rene Rom and pressured him to draft a warrant for Lumumba's arrest. Cordier and ONUC Commander Carl von Horn ordered peacekeepers to shutdown the airport and restrict access to the radio station, fearing Lumumba would fly in loyal troops from Stanleyville to regain control of the capital and provoke a civil war. Despite the confusion, Lumumba was still able to exercise his powers and resumed the military campaign against South Kasai and Katanga. Lumumba and the ministers who remained loyal to him ordered the arrest of Delvaux and Bomboko for countersigning the dismissal order. The latter sought refuge in the presidential palace (which was guarded by UN peacekeepers), but early in the morning on 7 September the former was detained and confined in the Prime Minister's residence by Lumbala. Rom was also detained and questioned by Mwamba. Meanwhile the Chamber convened to discuss Kasa-Vubu's dismissal order and hear Lumumba's reply. Delvaux made an unexpected appearance and took to the dais to denounce his arrest and declare his resignation from the government. He was enthusiastically applauded by the opposition. Lumumba then delivered his speech. Instead of directly attacking Kasa-Vubu \"ad hominem\", Lumumba accused obstructionist politicians and ABAKO of using the presidency as a front for disguising their activities. He noted that Kasa-Vubu had never before offered any criticism of the government and portrayed their relationship as one of cooperation."], "answer": {"text": "Mobutu claimed Lumumba would be tried for inciting the army to rebellion and other crimes.", "answer_start": 688}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose him?", "answer": {"text": "Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they solve this problem?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after this?", "answer": {"text": "On 14 September, a coup d'etat organised by Colonel Mobutu politically incapacitated both Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Lumumba do about this?", "answer": {"text": "Three days later he fled Leopoldville.", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where did he flee to?", "answer": {"text": "With logistical support from the United States and Belgium, Mobutu's troops managed to capture Lumumba in Lodi on 1 December.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_697f99f0684f460eb8127d2241a9a01e_0_q#7", "question": "When did all of this happen?", "rewrite": "When did Lumumba's capture and trial happen?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While attempting to travel to Stanleyville, a stronghold of pro-Lumumba support, his \"own popularity\" plagued him, as he meant to win over the countryside he stopped for speeches, allowing his captors to draw nearer to him and his family. Lumumba was ultimately murdered by his enemies in Katanga, with Belgian government participation. U.S. intelligence was kept informed. The United Nations Security Council was called into session on December 7, 1960, to consider Soviet demands that the UN seek Lumumba's immediate release, the immediate restoration of Lumumba as head of the Congo government, the disarming of the forces of Mobutu, and the immediate evacuation of Belgians from the Congo. Soviet Representative Valerian Zorin refused U.S. demands that he disqualify himself as Security Council President during the debate. Hammarskj\u00f6ld, answering Soviet attacks against his Congo operations, said that if the UN forces were withdrawn from the Congo, \"I fear everything will crumble.\" Lumumba fled house arrest in the capital in late November 1960. Following a U.N. report that Lumumba had been mistreated by his captors, his followers threatened (on December 9, 1960) to seize all Belgians and \"start cutting off the heads of some of them\" unless Lumumba was released within 48 hours. On January 14, 1961, Larry Devlin was informed of Lumumba's escape from house arrest and ultimate capture by Mobutu's forces. Lumumba was to be transferred to South Kasai, whose leader was intent on murdering Lumumba. Lumumba's scheduled transfer was suddenly switched from South Kasai to Katanga, whose leader also vowed to murder him. However, Katangan soldiers and a Belgian officer executed Lumumba a few days later on the 17th of January.", "PLO Lumumba Patrick Loch Otieno Lumumba (born 17 July 1962) is a Kenyan who served as the Director of Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission from September 2010 to August 2011. Since 2014, Lumumba is the Director of The Kenya School of Laws. An eloquent lawyer, Lumumba holds a PhD in Laws of the sea from the University of Ghent in Belgium. Lumumba is also a staunch Pan-Africanist and has delivered several powerful speeches alluding to or about African solutions to African problems. He is an admirer of Patrice Lumumba and Thomas Sankara, the deceased and assassinated revolutionary leaders of the D. R. Congo and the Burkina Faso, respectively. Lumumba has referred to and quoted them several times in his speeches. Lumumba is also remembered for his emotion-laden and energetic speech in Uganda at the third Anti-Corruption Convention. On August 28, 2015, the PAV Ansah Foundation invited Lumumba to speak at the 2015 PAVA Forum on Good Governance and tiop, Whither Africa? At the lecture, Lumumba expressed his serious concern about the energy crises that African leaders have allowed to reach such a devastating stage. Lumumba also talked about the issue of African youth fleeing the continent. Lumumba blamed them on the economic hardships and the \"misgovernment\" from their leaders. Lumumba encouraged African leaders to rise to the challenge of changing the fortunes of the continent. In 2017, Lumumba gave a moving speech to youths in Kenya on importance of making bold choice at The Fearless conference 2017. Lumumba served as the Director of Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission for less than a year and was dismissed under controversial circumstances.", "Larry Devlin's cable informing Washington of the transfer was not reached in time, as Lumumba had already been murdered. On February 7, a Field Report informed Washington that Lumumba and his two companions had been executed on January 17, by Katangan soldiers and a Belgian officer, weeks after Lumumba's assassination. Larry Devlin was noted as taking a permissive stance, despite his deep knowledge of what may happen to Lumumba. Devlin also \"deliberately kept Washington out of the loop\" which is noted as being an \"exception\" for a closely managed CIA operation such as his own. His stance is criticized as being \"a major factor in the government's decision to move Lumumba\". Regarding Lumumba, Devlin would later state, \"Lumumba was a danger for both the Congo and the rest of the world\" because of his perceived anti western attitudes. When asked if he was happy following the death of the leader, Devlin responded that, although happy wasn't his specific word of choice, he was certainly glad to be moving on to another project. Others provided mixed thoughts on why Lumumba posed the threat that ultimately made Mobutu a US-sponsored leader in the Congo. Jacques Brassin, a Belgian diplomat at the time of Lumumba, and chronicler of his death, acknowledged that part of the reason the Congo's leader was resisted by outward forces was due to his disregard for Belgian leadership in the region. \"He was dangerous for us,\" Brassin later said, \"in the sense that he wasn't open to the kind of solutions we wanted to apply.\" Another Belgian and personal friend of Lumumba, Jean Van Lierde, contested that Lumumba was killed because he represented an unpredictable political nature that neither the United States nor the Belgium national government could truly identify and control.", "Lumumba Government The Lumumba Government (), synecdochically known as the Lumumba Ministry or Lumumba Cabinet, was the first set of ministers, ministers of state, and secretaries of state that governed the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) under the leadership of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba from 24 June until 12 September 1960. Weak and divided, its tenure was dominated by a widespread mutiny in the army and two secessions. The government suffered from and inherited many problems from the era of the Belgian Congo, a tightly-administered colony which for most of is existence had few political freedoms. In the late 1950s an independence movement suddenly emerged, led by figures such as Patrice Lumumba and Joseph Kasa-Vubu. Fears that the situation might turn violent led the Belgian government to grant the Congo independence on 30 June 1960. A provisional constitution, providing for a parliamentary regime with a responsible government and prime minister and an irresponsible head of state, was instituted, and general elections were hastily organised. Lumumba's nationalist party, the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC), won a plurality of the seats in Parliament. After much hesitation, King Baudouin of Belgium appointed Lumumba \"formateur\", tasking him with creating a government. On 23 June Lumumba announced his completed government, a broad coalition consisting of 23 ministers, 4 ministers of state, and 10 secretaries of state, and presented it to the lower house of Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies. The vote of confidence succeeded by only a small margin. The Senate gave a more decisive vote of approval the following day, and the Lumumba Government was officially invested. With Lumumba's backing, Parliament elected Kasa-Vubu President. There was a significant amount of confusion in the establishment of the new government.", "It was also noted that the Congo Station Chief, Larry Devlin, withheld information of a plan by Congolese assets to send Lumumba to his enemies until after Lumumba had been killed. However, Devlin had actually put in a request to pay off a garrison to help restore Lumumba to power, but the State Department denied his request. Speculation as to why the information and request were handled this way was believed to have been because John F. Kennedy's incoming administration was reconsidering Eisenhower's tough stance towards Lumumba. Though \"impatient\" and \"inexperienced\", Lumumba is credited with representing Congo's best hope in a post-colonial setting. Foreign Affairs' Stephen Weissman argues that working with Lumumba would have better served both Congo and the United States. Lumumba's legacy is still felt today, in an article entitled, \"Patrice Lumumba: The most Important Assassination of the 20th Century\" author Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja states that, \"the greatest legacy that Lumumba left for Congo is the ideal for national unity.\" The exact involvement of the CIA in Lumumba's assassination is still debated by scholars and journalists. According to senior research fellow of the National Security Archive, John Prados, the CIA was involved in several indirect ways. First, the CIA had the Congolese official that issued Lumumba's arrest warrant on their payroll. The CIA had also been providing Mobutu and his forces with large amounts of money and supplies, as he was going to be their pro-western puppet leading the nation instead of Lumumba. CIA officials were also aware of most situations as they developed, but failed to stop the actions against Lumumba. CIA officer Devlin, in fact, knew about the plan to move Lumumba to an area controlled by his sworn enemy."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with the deposition of Patrice Lumumba?", "answer": {"text": "Lumumba denounced his dismissal over the radio as illegitimate, and in turn labeled Kasa-Vubu a traitor and declared him deposed.", "answer_start": 557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Kasa-Vubu depose him?", "answer": {"text": "Still, Parliament did not back Lumumba's dismissal of Kasa-Vubu, creating a constitutional crisis.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they solve this problem?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 September, the Parliament held a joint session between the Senate and the Assembly. Though several members short of a quorum, they voted to grant Lumumba emergency powers.", "answer_start": 1341, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after this?", "answer": {"text": "On 14 September, a coup d'etat organised by Colonel Mobutu politically incapacitated both Lumumba and Kasa-Vubu.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Lumumba do about this?", "answer": {"text": "Three days later he fled Leopoldville.", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where did he flee to?", "answer": {"text": "With logistical support from the United States and Belgium, Mobutu's troops managed to capture Lumumba in Lodi on 1 December.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he regain power after this?", "answer": {"text": "Mobutu claimed Lumumba would be tried for inciting the army to rebellion and other crimes.", "answer_start": 688, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#0", "question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "rewrite": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cultural depictions of Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson have been depicted in culture, both biographical and fictional, following his abdication in 1936 and their marriage the following year. The abdication of Edward VIII was featured in the multi-award winning historical drama film \" The King\u2019s Speech\", in which his decision to stand down was depicted solely upon his desire to marry Wallis Simpson. The abdication is mentioned frequently in the 1st season of Netflix television series \"The Crown\", in which the former King, now titled the Duke of Windsor, returns to London for the funeral of King George VI and accession of Elizabeth II. Queen Mary is depicted as continuing her condemnation of his marriage to Mrs Simpson and his decision to abdicate, and faces animosity towards his attendance of Elizabeth's coronation, subsequently declining his invite. His abdication is also cited as a factor in the opposition to the marriage of Princess Margaret and Group Captain Peter Townsend. The 6th episode of the 2nd season features the Duke returning to London in a bid to ask Queen Elizabeth II for forgiveness of his abdication and to allow him to work for the monarchy. However, following her informing of The Marburg Files, detailing facts of the Duke's relationship with Nazi Germany and further damning information from former private secretary Tommy Lascelles, and continuing animosity from the Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and Prince Philip , she admonishes him and asks him only to return to London at the request of the monarch. In films and on television, Edward has been portrayed by: Mrs Simpson has been portrayed by:", "W.E.  W.E. (stylised W./E.) is a 2011 British historical romantic drama film written and directed by Madonna and starring Abbie Cornish, Andrea Riseborough, Oscar Isaac, Richard Coyle and James D'Arcy. The screenplay was co-written by Alek Keshishian, who previously worked with Madonna on her 1991 documentary \"\" and two of her music videos. Although the film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb, it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design. This mark Isaac's and Cornish's second role together since \"Sucker Punch\". The film tells the story of two women separated by over six decades. In 1998, lonely New Yorker Wally Winthrop is obsessed with King Edward VIII's abdication of the British throne for the woman he loved: American divorc\u00e9e Wallis Simpson. But Wally's research, including several visits to Sotheby's auction of the Windsor estate, reveals that the couple's life together was not as perfect as she thought. Traveling back and forth in time, \"W.E.\" intertwines Wally's journey of discovery in New York with the story of Wallis and Edward from the early days of their romance to the unraveling of their lives over the following decades. Wally Winthrop is a young American housewife living in New York City in 1998. Although she is neglected and sexually frustrated by William, her workaholic psychiatrist husband, she is comforted by the love story of Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson. Wally travels to the Sotheby's auction of the Windsor estate, which showcases items used by Wallis and Edward in their lifetime and evokes their relationship. In 1930, Edward throws a party at his new home at Fort Belvedere in Windsor Great Park and meets Wallis through Lady Furness (his mistress).", "It is generally accepted that Wallis Simpson and the Prince of Wales became lovers in 1934, while Lady Furness (who was also in a relationship with the prince) was visiting relatives in America. However, Edward adamantly insisted to his father that he was not physically intimate with Simpson and that it was inappropriate to describe her as his mistress. Edward's relationship with Simpson further weakened his poor relationship with his parents. Although King George V and Queen Mary met Simpson at Buckingham Palace in 1935, they later refused to receive her. Edward and Simpson were secretly followed by members of the Metropolitan Police Special Branch, who produced reports on the nature of their relationship and their investigations into Wallis Simpson's private life that included the \"pursuit of vicious gossip\" and the identification of a \"secret lover\". The prospect of having an American divorcee with a questionable past having such sway over the heir apparent led to anxiety among government and establishment figures. Edward VIII succeeded his father on 20 January 1936, after which Simpson attended more official functions as the King's guest. Despite her name appearing regularly in the Court Circular, the name of her husband was conspicuously absent. In the summer of that year, the King eschewed the traditional prolonged stay at Balmoral in favour of a holiday with Simpson in the eastern Mediterranean that was widely covered in the American and continental European press, but not by the British press, which maintained a self-imposed silence. Nevertheless, Canadians and expatriate Britons, who had access to the foreign reports, were largely scandalised by the coverage. By October, it was rumoured in high society and abroad that Edward intended to marry Simpson as soon as she was free to do so. At the end of that month, the crisis came to a head when she filed for divorce and the American press announced that marriage between her and the King was imminent.", "Edward VIII abdication crisis In 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King-Emperor Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing the divorce of her second. The marriage was opposed by the governments of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth. Religious, legal, political, and moral objections were raised. As British monarch, Edward was the nominal head of the Church of England, which did not then allow divorced people to remarry in church if their ex-spouses were still alive. For this reason, it was widely believed that Edward could not marry Simpson and remain on the throne. Simpson was perceived to be politically and socially unsuitable as a prospective queen consort because of her two failed marriages. It was widely assumed by the Establishment that she was driven by love of money or position rather than love for the King. Despite the opposition, Edward declared that he loved Simpson and intended to marry her as soon as her second divorce was finalised. The widespread unwillingness to accept Simpson as the King's consort and Edward's refusal to give her up led to his abdication in December 1936. He was succeeded by his brother Albert, who became George VI. Edward was given the title \"His Royal Highness the Duke of Windsor\" following his abdication, and he married Simpson the following year. They remained married until his death 35 years later. Edward had been introduced to Wallis Simpson, an American citizen and wife of British shipping executive Ernest Aldrich Simpson, by Lady Furness on 10 January 1931. Ernest Simpson was Wallis's second husband; her first marriage, to U.S. Navy pilot Win Spencer, had ended in divorce in 1927.", "Wallis &amp; Edward  Wallis & Edward (in Canada also known as Her Royal Affair) is a 2005 British television film, scripted by Sarah Williams, dramatising the events of the Edward VIII abdication crisis. It was billed as the first scripted account of the romance between Wallis Simpson and Edward VIII of the United Kingdom to view events from Wallis Simpson's point of view. Joely Richardson played Wallis, and Steven Campbell Moore played Edward."], "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#1", "question": "Were they romantically involved?", "rewrite": "Were Wallis Simpson and Earl Spencer romantically involved?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"Victory\", John Bowden (or Barden), master, had been sailing from London to St John's, Newfoundland, when on 1 May the French privateer \"Arriege\" had captured her. The recaptured \"Victory\" came into Plymouth. Shortly after the start of the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Thomas Chitty received a letter of marque on 25 May 1803 for the cutter \"Earl Spencer\", of 162 tons (bm). On 8 July \"Lloyd's List\" reported that \"Earl Spencer\" had captured \"Jeune Anacaarsin\", from New Orleans to Bordeaux, and sent her into Dover. \" Earl Spencer\", of Dover, was in company with the privateers \"Phoenix\", of Jersey, and \"Henry\", of Weymouth, when they captured \"Robuste\", from New Orleans. The privateers sent \"Robuste\" into Jersey. A few days later \"Robuste\", of 300 tons (bm), and her cargo of sugar and coffee, arrived at Guernsey. On 13 September \"Lloyd's List\" reported that the French privateer \"Venus\", of Nantes, had captured \"Royal Charlotte\", Hamilton, master, sailing from Wilmington to London. \" Earl Spencer\" recaptured \"Royal Charlotte\" and left her at . \" Earl Spencer\" then put into Penzance. She had lost two men killed and seven wounded in an engagement with \"Venus\", and had sustained heavy damage. \"Earl Spencer\", of 142 tons (bm), served under contract between 15 October 1799 and 9 November 1801. She carried fourteen 12-pounder carronades. On 17 April 1800, Lieutenant Anthony Thompson, commander, and \"Earl Spencer\" captured \"Faderland\". In December \"Earl Spencer\" and Thompson recaptured two brigs: \"Mary Ann\" and \"Hardwick\". \"", "Hired armed cutter Earl Spencer Three hired armed cutters named Earl Spencer served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary or Napoleonic Wars. Two, both cutters, served at the same time between 1799 and 1801. A third, variously referred to as a tender or cutter, served from 1803 to 1814. \"Earl Spencer\", of 163 tons (bm) served under contract between 7 July 1799 and 20 October 1801. She carried two 6-pounder guns and twelve 12-pounder carronades. At some point in early 1800, \"Earl Spencer\" and the hired armed cutter \"Nile\" recaptured \"Molly\", which was in ballast. This was probably \"Molley\", which had been sailing from Exeter to Newcastle when a French privateer had captured her. \" Molley\" came into Deal on 14 February. On 15 September Rye and \"Earl Spencer\" brought into Portsmouth a neutral vessel they had detained. This was probably \"Maria Margaretha\", which they had captured on 12 September. Then on 23 November \"Earl Spencer\" left Portsmouth in search of a privateer reported to be off the back of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, Rye returned to Portsmouth on 24 December from a cruise. A few days earlier she had chased a French 16-gun privateer lugger but had lost her quarry in a thick fog. Still, \"Earl Spencer\" brought in with her the ship \"Martha\", which she had detained and which was \"richly laden\". On 1 January 1801 Rye received promotion to Commander, and transferred to . Lieutenant James Leach replaced Rye. On 15 May 1801 \"Fisgard\", and the hired armed cutters \"Hirondelle\" and \"Earl Spencer\", recaptured the brig \"Victory\" from the French.", "John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, KG, KP, PC (27 October 1835 \u2013 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Spencer was the son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, by his first wife Georgiana, daughter of William Poyntz. The prominent Whig politician John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, was his uncle and Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, his half-brother. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1857. Almost immediately after leaving Cambridge Spencer was elected to parliament for South Northamptonshire as a Liberal, before departing for a tour of North America. He returned in December 1857, and within a few days his father died, leaving him as the new Earl Spencer. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. Spencer split from other whiggish aristocratic Liberals in 1866 on the issue of Russell's reform bill, which he supported, and his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Gladstone returned to power in 1868. Ireland came to be a major preoccupation of the remainder of Spencer's long political career. In this first tenure as Lord Lieutenant, he had to deal with implementation of the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869 and of the Irish Land Act of 1870, both of which measures he strongly supported. Spencer, in fact, went further than most of his ministerial colleagues, including Gladstone himself, in arguing for the setting up of government tribunals to enforce fair rents on Irish landlords.", "They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799\u20131864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of \"Father Ignatius of St Paul\". He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married the Honourable Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who later married Prince Charles in 1981.", "Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer KG, CB, PC (14 April 1798 \u2013 27 December 1857), styled The Honourable Frederick Spencer until 1845, was a British naval commander, courtier, and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He succeeded his elder brother as Earl Spencer in 1845 and held political office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1846 and 1848 and as Lord Steward of the Household between 1854 and 1857. In 1849 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Through his second son, Charles, Lord Spencer was the great-great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales, the three-times-great-grandfather of future British Monarch Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the four-times-great-grandfather of William's son, Prince George. Spencer was born on 14 April 1798 at the Admiralty Building, London and was baptised in St Martin-in-the-Fields. He was the fifth son born to George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and Lady Lavinia Bingham. Among his siblings was older brothers John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (whose wife died in childbirth) and Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer, who died unmarried at sea. His older sister Lady Sarah Spencer was the wife of William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton. His paternal grandparents were Home Secretary John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, and his wife Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, daughter of the diplomat and courtier Stephen Poyntz. His maternal grandparents were Irish peer Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan and his wife, the portrait miniature painter Margaret Smyth. Spencer was educated at Eton from 1808 to 1811."], "answer": {"text": "The couple married", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#2", "question": "When did they marry?", "rewrite": "When Wallis Simpson and Earl Spencer marry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edward VIII abdication crisis In 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King-Emperor Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing the divorce of her second. The marriage was opposed by the governments of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth. Religious, legal, political, and moral objections were raised. As British monarch, Edward was the nominal head of the Church of England, which did not then allow divorced people to remarry in church if their ex-spouses were still alive. For this reason, it was widely believed that Edward could not marry Simpson and remain on the throne. Simpson was perceived to be politically and socially unsuitable as a prospective queen consort because of her two failed marriages. It was widely assumed by the Establishment that she was driven by love of money or position rather than love for the King. Despite the opposition, Edward declared that he loved Simpson and intended to marry her as soon as her second divorce was finalised. The widespread unwillingness to accept Simpson as the King's consort and Edward's refusal to give her up led to his abdication in December 1936. He was succeeded by his brother Albert, who became George VI. Edward was given the title \"His Royal Highness the Duke of Windsor\" following his abdication, and he married Simpson the following year. They remained married until his death 35 years later. Edward had been introduced to Wallis Simpson, an American citizen and wife of British shipping executive Ernest Aldrich Simpson, by Lady Furness on 10 January 1931. Ernest Simpson was Wallis's second husband; her first marriage, to U.S. Navy pilot Win Spencer, had ended in divorce in 1927.", "\"Victory\", John Bowden (or Barden), master, had been sailing from London to St John's, Newfoundland, when on 1 May the French privateer \"Arriege\" had captured her. The recaptured \"Victory\" came into Plymouth. Shortly after the start of the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Thomas Chitty received a letter of marque on 25 May 1803 for the cutter \"Earl Spencer\", of 162 tons (bm). On 8 July \"Lloyd's List\" reported that \"Earl Spencer\" had captured \"Jeune Anacaarsin\", from New Orleans to Bordeaux, and sent her into Dover. \" Earl Spencer\", of Dover, was in company with the privateers \"Phoenix\", of Jersey, and \"Henry\", of Weymouth, when they captured \"Robuste\", from New Orleans. The privateers sent \"Robuste\" into Jersey. A few days later \"Robuste\", of 300 tons (bm), and her cargo of sugar and coffee, arrived at Guernsey. On 13 September \"Lloyd's List\" reported that the French privateer \"Venus\", of Nantes, had captured \"Royal Charlotte\", Hamilton, master, sailing from Wilmington to London. \" Earl Spencer\" recaptured \"Royal Charlotte\" and left her at . \" Earl Spencer\" then put into Penzance. She had lost two men killed and seven wounded in an engagement with \"Venus\", and had sustained heavy damage. \"Earl Spencer\", of 142 tons (bm), served under contract between 15 October 1799 and 9 November 1801. She carried fourteen 12-pounder carronades. On 17 April 1800, Lieutenant Anthony Thompson, commander, and \"Earl Spencer\" captured \"Faderland\". In December \"Earl Spencer\" and Thompson recaptured two brigs: \"Mary Ann\" and \"Hardwick\". \"", "John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, KG, KP, PC (27 October 1835 \u2013 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Spencer was the son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, by his first wife Georgiana, daughter of William Poyntz. The prominent Whig politician John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, was his uncle and Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, his half-brother. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1857. Almost immediately after leaving Cambridge Spencer was elected to parliament for South Northamptonshire as a Liberal, before departing for a tour of North America. He returned in December 1857, and within a few days his father died, leaving him as the new Earl Spencer. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. Spencer split from other whiggish aristocratic Liberals in 1866 on the issue of Russell's reform bill, which he supported, and his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Gladstone returned to power in 1868. Ireland came to be a major preoccupation of the remainder of Spencer's long political career. In this first tenure as Lord Lieutenant, he had to deal with implementation of the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869 and of the Irish Land Act of 1870, both of which measures he strongly supported. Spencer, in fact, went further than most of his ministerial colleagues, including Gladstone himself, in arguing for the setting up of government tribunals to enforce fair rents on Irish landlords.", "Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer KG, CB, PC (14 April 1798 \u2013 27 December 1857), styled The Honourable Frederick Spencer until 1845, was a British naval commander, courtier, and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He succeeded his elder brother as Earl Spencer in 1845 and held political office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1846 and 1848 and as Lord Steward of the Household between 1854 and 1857. In 1849 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Through his second son, Charles, Lord Spencer was the great-great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales, the three-times-great-grandfather of future British Monarch Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the four-times-great-grandfather of William's son, Prince George. Spencer was born on 14 April 1798 at the Admiralty Building, London and was baptised in St Martin-in-the-Fields. He was the fifth son born to George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and Lady Lavinia Bingham. Among his siblings was older brothers John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (whose wife died in childbirth) and Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer, who died unmarried at sea. His older sister Lady Sarah Spencer was the wife of William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton. His paternal grandparents were Home Secretary John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, and his wife Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, daughter of the diplomat and courtier Stephen Poyntz. His maternal grandparents were Irish peer Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan and his wife, the portrait miniature painter Margaret Smyth. Spencer was educated at Eton from 1808 to 1811.", "Hired armed cutter Earl Spencer Three hired armed cutters named Earl Spencer served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary or Napoleonic Wars. Two, both cutters, served at the same time between 1799 and 1801. A third, variously referred to as a tender or cutter, served from 1803 to 1814. \"Earl Spencer\", of 163 tons (bm) served under contract between 7 July 1799 and 20 October 1801. She carried two 6-pounder guns and twelve 12-pounder carronades. At some point in early 1800, \"Earl Spencer\" and the hired armed cutter \"Nile\" recaptured \"Molly\", which was in ballast. This was probably \"Molley\", which had been sailing from Exeter to Newcastle when a French privateer had captured her. \" Molley\" came into Deal on 14 February. On 15 September Rye and \"Earl Spencer\" brought into Portsmouth a neutral vessel they had detained. This was probably \"Maria Margaretha\", which they had captured on 12 September. Then on 23 November \"Earl Spencer\" left Portsmouth in search of a privateer reported to be off the back of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, Rye returned to Portsmouth on 24 December from a cruise. A few days earlier she had chased a French 16-gun privateer lugger but had lost her quarry in a thick fog. Still, \"Earl Spencer\" brought in with her the ship \"Martha\", which she had detained and which was \"richly laden\". On 1 January 1801 Rye received promotion to Commander, and transferred to . Lieutenant James Leach replaced Rye. On 15 May 1801 \"Fisgard\", and the hired armed cutters \"Hirondelle\" and \"Earl Spencer\", recaptured the brig \"Victory\" from the French."], "answer": {"text": "8 November 1916", "answer_start": 287}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they romantically involved?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#3", "question": "How did Wallis and Earl meet?", "rewrite": "How did Wallis Simpson and Earl Spencer meet?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hired armed cutter Earl Spencer Three hired armed cutters named Earl Spencer served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary or Napoleonic Wars. Two, both cutters, served at the same time between 1799 and 1801. A third, variously referred to as a tender or cutter, served from 1803 to 1814. \"Earl Spencer\", of 163 tons (bm) served under contract between 7 July 1799 and 20 October 1801. She carried two 6-pounder guns and twelve 12-pounder carronades. At some point in early 1800, \"Earl Spencer\" and the hired armed cutter \"Nile\" recaptured \"Molly\", which was in ballast. This was probably \"Molley\", which had been sailing from Exeter to Newcastle when a French privateer had captured her. \" Molley\" came into Deal on 14 February. On 15 September Rye and \"Earl Spencer\" brought into Portsmouth a neutral vessel they had detained. This was probably \"Maria Margaretha\", which they had captured on 12 September. Then on 23 November \"Earl Spencer\" left Portsmouth in search of a privateer reported to be off the back of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, Rye returned to Portsmouth on 24 December from a cruise. A few days earlier she had chased a French 16-gun privateer lugger but had lost her quarry in a thick fog. Still, \"Earl Spencer\" brought in with her the ship \"Martha\", which she had detained and which was \"richly laden\". On 1 January 1801 Rye received promotion to Commander, and transferred to . Lieutenant James Leach replaced Rye. On 15 May 1801 \"Fisgard\", and the hired armed cutters \"Hirondelle\" and \"Earl Spencer\", recaptured the brig \"Victory\" from the French.", "Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer KG, CB, PC (14 April 1798 \u2013 27 December 1857), styled The Honourable Frederick Spencer until 1845, was a British naval commander, courtier, and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He succeeded his elder brother as Earl Spencer in 1845 and held political office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1846 and 1848 and as Lord Steward of the Household between 1854 and 1857. In 1849 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Through his second son, Charles, Lord Spencer was the great-great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales, the three-times-great-grandfather of future British Monarch Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the four-times-great-grandfather of William's son, Prince George. Spencer was born on 14 April 1798 at the Admiralty Building, London and was baptised in St Martin-in-the-Fields. He was the fifth son born to George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and Lady Lavinia Bingham. Among his siblings was older brothers John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (whose wife died in childbirth) and Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer, who died unmarried at sea. His older sister Lady Sarah Spencer was the wife of William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton. His paternal grandparents were Home Secretary John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, and his wife Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, daughter of the diplomat and courtier Stephen Poyntz. His maternal grandparents were Irish peer Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan and his wife, the portrait miniature painter Margaret Smyth. Spencer was educated at Eton from 1808 to 1811.", "John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, KG, KP, PC (27 October 1835 \u2013 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Spencer was the son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, by his first wife Georgiana, daughter of William Poyntz. The prominent Whig politician John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, was his uncle and Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, his half-brother. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1857. Almost immediately after leaving Cambridge Spencer was elected to parliament for South Northamptonshire as a Liberal, before departing for a tour of North America. He returned in December 1857, and within a few days his father died, leaving him as the new Earl Spencer. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. Spencer split from other whiggish aristocratic Liberals in 1866 on the issue of Russell's reform bill, which he supported, and his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Gladstone returned to power in 1868. Ireland came to be a major preoccupation of the remainder of Spencer's long political career. In this first tenure as Lord Lieutenant, he had to deal with implementation of the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869 and of the Irish Land Act of 1870, both of which measures he strongly supported. Spencer, in fact, went further than most of his ministerial colleagues, including Gladstone himself, in arguing for the setting up of government tribunals to enforce fair rents on Irish landlords.", "They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799\u20131864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of \"Father Ignatius of St Paul\". He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married the Honourable Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who later married Prince Charles in 1981.", "\"Victory\", John Bowden (or Barden), master, had been sailing from London to St John's, Newfoundland, when on 1 May the French privateer \"Arriege\" had captured her. The recaptured \"Victory\" came into Plymouth. Shortly after the start of the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Thomas Chitty received a letter of marque on 25 May 1803 for the cutter \"Earl Spencer\", of 162 tons (bm). On 8 July \"Lloyd's List\" reported that \"Earl Spencer\" had captured \"Jeune Anacaarsin\", from New Orleans to Bordeaux, and sent her into Dover. \" Earl Spencer\", of Dover, was in company with the privateers \"Phoenix\", of Jersey, and \"Henry\", of Weymouth, when they captured \"Robuste\", from New Orleans. The privateers sent \"Robuste\" into Jersey. A few days later \"Robuste\", of 300 tons (bm), and her cargo of sugar and coffee, arrived at Guernsey. On 13 September \"Lloyd's List\" reported that the French privateer \"Venus\", of Nantes, had captured \"Royal Charlotte\", Hamilton, master, sailing from Wilmington to London. \" Earl Spencer\" recaptured \"Royal Charlotte\" and left her at . \" Earl Spencer\" then put into Penzance. She had lost two men killed and seven wounded in an engagement with \"Venus\", and had sustained heavy damage. \"Earl Spencer\", of 142 tons (bm), served under contract between 15 October 1799 and 9 November 1801. She carried fourteen 12-pounder carronades. On 17 April 1800, Lieutenant Anthony Thompson, commander, and \"Earl Spencer\" captured \"Faderland\". In December \"Earl Spencer\" and Thompson recaptured two brigs: \"Mary Ann\" and \"Hardwick\". \""], "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida, while visiting her cousin Corinne", "answer_start": 15}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they romantically involved?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "8 November 1916", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#4", "question": "Did Earl have to leave due to World War I?", "rewrite": "Did Earl Spencer have to leave due to World War I?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799\u20131864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of \"Father Ignatius of St Paul\". He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married the Honourable Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who later married Prince Charles in 1981.", "Hired armed cutter Earl Spencer Three hired armed cutters named Earl Spencer served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary or Napoleonic Wars. Two, both cutters, served at the same time between 1799 and 1801. A third, variously referred to as a tender or cutter, served from 1803 to 1814. \"Earl Spencer\", of 163 tons (bm) served under contract between 7 July 1799 and 20 October 1801. She carried two 6-pounder guns and twelve 12-pounder carronades. At some point in early 1800, \"Earl Spencer\" and the hired armed cutter \"Nile\" recaptured \"Molly\", which was in ballast. This was probably \"Molley\", which had been sailing from Exeter to Newcastle when a French privateer had captured her. \" Molley\" came into Deal on 14 February. On 15 September Rye and \"Earl Spencer\" brought into Portsmouth a neutral vessel they had detained. This was probably \"Maria Margaretha\", which they had captured on 12 September. Then on 23 November \"Earl Spencer\" left Portsmouth in search of a privateer reported to be off the back of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, Rye returned to Portsmouth on 24 December from a cruise. A few days earlier she had chased a French 16-gun privateer lugger but had lost her quarry in a thick fog. Still, \"Earl Spencer\" brought in with her the ship \"Martha\", which she had detained and which was \"richly laden\". On 1 January 1801 Rye received promotion to Commander, and transferred to . Lieutenant James Leach replaced Rye. On 15 May 1801 \"Fisgard\", and the hired armed cutters \"Hirondelle\" and \"Earl Spencer\", recaptured the brig \"Victory\" from the French.", "Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer KG, CB, PC (14 April 1798 \u2013 27 December 1857), styled The Honourable Frederick Spencer until 1845, was a British naval commander, courtier, and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He succeeded his elder brother as Earl Spencer in 1845 and held political office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1846 and 1848 and as Lord Steward of the Household between 1854 and 1857. In 1849 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Through his second son, Charles, Lord Spencer was the great-great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales, the three-times-great-grandfather of future British Monarch Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the four-times-great-grandfather of William's son, Prince George. Spencer was born on 14 April 1798 at the Admiralty Building, London and was baptised in St Martin-in-the-Fields. He was the fifth son born to George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and Lady Lavinia Bingham. Among his siblings was older brothers John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (whose wife died in childbirth) and Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer, who died unmarried at sea. His older sister Lady Sarah Spencer was the wife of William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton. His paternal grandparents were Home Secretary John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, and his wife Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, daughter of the diplomat and courtier Stephen Poyntz. His maternal grandparents were Irish peer Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan and his wife, the portrait miniature painter Margaret Smyth. Spencer was educated at Eton from 1808 to 1811.", "\"Victory\", John Bowden (or Barden), master, had been sailing from London to St John's, Newfoundland, when on 1 May the French privateer \"Arriege\" had captured her. The recaptured \"Victory\" came into Plymouth. Shortly after the start of the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Thomas Chitty received a letter of marque on 25 May 1803 for the cutter \"Earl Spencer\", of 162 tons (bm). On 8 July \"Lloyd's List\" reported that \"Earl Spencer\" had captured \"Jeune Anacaarsin\", from New Orleans to Bordeaux, and sent her into Dover. \" Earl Spencer\", of Dover, was in company with the privateers \"Phoenix\", of Jersey, and \"Henry\", of Weymouth, when they captured \"Robuste\", from New Orleans. The privateers sent \"Robuste\" into Jersey. A few days later \"Robuste\", of 300 tons (bm), and her cargo of sugar and coffee, arrived at Guernsey. On 13 September \"Lloyd's List\" reported that the French privateer \"Venus\", of Nantes, had captured \"Royal Charlotte\", Hamilton, master, sailing from Wilmington to London. \" Earl Spencer\" recaptured \"Royal Charlotte\" and left her at . \" Earl Spencer\" then put into Penzance. She had lost two men killed and seven wounded in an engagement with \"Venus\", and had sustained heavy damage. \"Earl Spencer\", of 142 tons (bm), served under contract between 15 October 1799 and 9 November 1801. She carried fourteen 12-pounder carronades. On 17 April 1800, Lieutenant Anthony Thompson, commander, and \"Earl Spencer\" captured \"Faderland\". In December \"Earl Spencer\" and Thompson recaptured two brigs: \"Mary Ann\" and \"Hardwick\". \"", "John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, KG, KP, PC (27 October 1835 \u2013 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Spencer was the son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, by his first wife Georgiana, daughter of William Poyntz. The prominent Whig politician John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, was his uncle and Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, his half-brother. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1857. Almost immediately after leaving Cambridge Spencer was elected to parliament for South Northamptonshire as a Liberal, before departing for a tour of North America. He returned in December 1857, and within a few days his father died, leaving him as the new Earl Spencer. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. Spencer split from other whiggish aristocratic Liberals in 1866 on the issue of Russell's reform bill, which he supported, and his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Gladstone returned to power in 1868. Ireland came to be a major preoccupation of the remainder of Spencer's long political career. In this first tenure as Lord Lieutenant, he had to deal with implementation of the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869 and of the Irish Land Act of 1870, both of which measures he strongly supported. Spencer, in fact, went further than most of his ministerial colleagues, including Gladstone himself, in arguing for the setting up of government tribunals to enforce fair rents on Irish landlords."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they romantically involved?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "8 November 1916", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Wallis and Earl meet?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida, while visiting her cousin Corinne", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#5", "question": "Where did Earl and Wallis live during this time?", "rewrite": "Where did Earl Spencer and Wallis Spencer live during World War I?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799\u20131864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of \"Father Ignatius of St Paul\". He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married the Honourable Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who later married Prince Charles in 1981.", "Hired armed cutter Earl Spencer Three hired armed cutters named Earl Spencer served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary or Napoleonic Wars. Two, both cutters, served at the same time between 1799 and 1801. A third, variously referred to as a tender or cutter, served from 1803 to 1814. \"Earl Spencer\", of 163 tons (bm) served under contract between 7 July 1799 and 20 October 1801. She carried two 6-pounder guns and twelve 12-pounder carronades. At some point in early 1800, \"Earl Spencer\" and the hired armed cutter \"Nile\" recaptured \"Molly\", which was in ballast. This was probably \"Molley\", which had been sailing from Exeter to Newcastle when a French privateer had captured her. \" Molley\" came into Deal on 14 February. On 15 September Rye and \"Earl Spencer\" brought into Portsmouth a neutral vessel they had detained. This was probably \"Maria Margaretha\", which they had captured on 12 September. Then on 23 November \"Earl Spencer\" left Portsmouth in search of a privateer reported to be off the back of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, Rye returned to Portsmouth on 24 December from a cruise. A few days earlier she had chased a French 16-gun privateer lugger but had lost her quarry in a thick fog. Still, \"Earl Spencer\" brought in with her the ship \"Martha\", which she had detained and which was \"richly laden\". On 1 January 1801 Rye received promotion to Commander, and transferred to . Lieutenant James Leach replaced Rye. On 15 May 1801 \"Fisgard\", and the hired armed cutters \"Hirondelle\" and \"Earl Spencer\", recaptured the brig \"Victory\" from the French.", "Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer KG, CB, PC (14 April 1798 \u2013 27 December 1857), styled The Honourable Frederick Spencer until 1845, was a British naval commander, courtier, and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He succeeded his elder brother as Earl Spencer in 1845 and held political office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1846 and 1848 and as Lord Steward of the Household between 1854 and 1857. In 1849 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Through his second son, Charles, Lord Spencer was the great-great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales, the three-times-great-grandfather of future British Monarch Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the four-times-great-grandfather of William's son, Prince George. Spencer was born on 14 April 1798 at the Admiralty Building, London and was baptised in St Martin-in-the-Fields. He was the fifth son born to George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and Lady Lavinia Bingham. Among his siblings was older brothers John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (whose wife died in childbirth) and Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer, who died unmarried at sea. His older sister Lady Sarah Spencer was the wife of William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton. His paternal grandparents were Home Secretary John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, and his wife Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, daughter of the diplomat and courtier Stephen Poyntz. His maternal grandparents were Irish peer Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan and his wife, the portrait miniature painter Margaret Smyth. Spencer was educated at Eton from 1808 to 1811.", "\"Victory\", John Bowden (or Barden), master, had been sailing from London to St John's, Newfoundland, when on 1 May the French privateer \"Arriege\" had captured her. The recaptured \"Victory\" came into Plymouth. Shortly after the start of the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Thomas Chitty received a letter of marque on 25 May 1803 for the cutter \"Earl Spencer\", of 162 tons (bm). On 8 July \"Lloyd's List\" reported that \"Earl Spencer\" had captured \"Jeune Anacaarsin\", from New Orleans to Bordeaux, and sent her into Dover. \" Earl Spencer\", of Dover, was in company with the privateers \"Phoenix\", of Jersey, and \"Henry\", of Weymouth, when they captured \"Robuste\", from New Orleans. The privateers sent \"Robuste\" into Jersey. A few days later \"Robuste\", of 300 tons (bm), and her cargo of sugar and coffee, arrived at Guernsey. On 13 September \"Lloyd's List\" reported that the French privateer \"Venus\", of Nantes, had captured \"Royal Charlotte\", Hamilton, master, sailing from Wilmington to London. \" Earl Spencer\" recaptured \"Royal Charlotte\" and left her at . \" Earl Spencer\" then put into Penzance. She had lost two men killed and seven wounded in an engagement with \"Venus\", and had sustained heavy damage. \"Earl Spencer\", of 142 tons (bm), served under contract between 15 October 1799 and 9 November 1801. She carried fourteen 12-pounder carronades. On 17 April 1800, Lieutenant Anthony Thompson, commander, and \"Earl Spencer\" captured \"Faderland\". In December \"Earl Spencer\" and Thompson recaptured two brigs: \"Mary Ann\" and \"Hardwick\". \"", "John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, KG, KP, PC (27 October 1835 \u2013 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Spencer was the son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, by his first wife Georgiana, daughter of William Poyntz. The prominent Whig politician John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, was his uncle and Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, his half-brother. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1857. Almost immediately after leaving Cambridge Spencer was elected to parliament for South Northamptonshire as a Liberal, before departing for a tour of North America. He returned in December 1857, and within a few days his father died, leaving him as the new Earl Spencer. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. Spencer split from other whiggish aristocratic Liberals in 1866 on the issue of Russell's reform bill, which he supported, and his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Gladstone returned to power in 1868. Ireland came to be a major preoccupation of the remainder of Spencer's long political career. In this first tenure as Lord Lieutenant, he had to deal with implementation of the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869 and of the Irish Land Act of 1870, both of which measures he strongly supported. Spencer, in fact, went further than most of his ministerial colleagues, including Gladstone himself, in arguing for the setting up of government tribunals to enforce fair rents on Irish landlords."], "answer": {"text": "After the United States entered the First World War in 1917, Spencer was posted to San Diego", "answer_start": 516}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they romantically involved?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "8 November 1916", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Wallis and Earl meet?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida, while visiting her cousin Corinne", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Earl have to leave due to World War I?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#6", "question": "Was their marriage happy?", "rewrite": "Was Earl Spencer and Wallis Spencer's marriage happy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer KG, CB, PC (14 April 1798 \u2013 27 December 1857), styled The Honourable Frederick Spencer until 1845, was a British naval commander, courtier, and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He succeeded his elder brother as Earl Spencer in 1845 and held political office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1846 and 1848 and as Lord Steward of the Household between 1854 and 1857. In 1849 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Through his second son, Charles, Lord Spencer was the great-great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales, the three-times-great-grandfather of future British Monarch Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the four-times-great-grandfather of William's son, Prince George. Spencer was born on 14 April 1798 at the Admiralty Building, London and was baptised in St Martin-in-the-Fields. He was the fifth son born to George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and Lady Lavinia Bingham. Among his siblings was older brothers John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (whose wife died in childbirth) and Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer, who died unmarried at sea. His older sister Lady Sarah Spencer was the wife of William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton. His paternal grandparents were Home Secretary John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, and his wife Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, daughter of the diplomat and courtier Stephen Poyntz. His maternal grandparents were Irish peer Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan and his wife, the portrait miniature painter Margaret Smyth. Spencer was educated at Eton from 1808 to 1811.", "John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, KG, KP, PC (27 October 1835 \u2013 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Spencer was the son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, by his first wife Georgiana, daughter of William Poyntz. The prominent Whig politician John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, was his uncle and Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, his half-brother. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1857. Almost immediately after leaving Cambridge Spencer was elected to parliament for South Northamptonshire as a Liberal, before departing for a tour of North America. He returned in December 1857, and within a few days his father died, leaving him as the new Earl Spencer. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. Spencer split from other whiggish aristocratic Liberals in 1866 on the issue of Russell's reform bill, which he supported, and his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Gladstone returned to power in 1868. Ireland came to be a major preoccupation of the remainder of Spencer's long political career. In this first tenure as Lord Lieutenant, he had to deal with implementation of the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869 and of the Irish Land Act of 1870, both of which measures he strongly supported. Spencer, in fact, went further than most of his ministerial colleagues, including Gladstone himself, in arguing for the setting up of government tribunals to enforce fair rents on Irish landlords.", "Hired armed cutter Earl Spencer Three hired armed cutters named Earl Spencer served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary or Napoleonic Wars. Two, both cutters, served at the same time between 1799 and 1801. A third, variously referred to as a tender or cutter, served from 1803 to 1814. \"Earl Spencer\", of 163 tons (bm) served under contract between 7 July 1799 and 20 October 1801. She carried two 6-pounder guns and twelve 12-pounder carronades. At some point in early 1800, \"Earl Spencer\" and the hired armed cutter \"Nile\" recaptured \"Molly\", which was in ballast. This was probably \"Molley\", which had been sailing from Exeter to Newcastle when a French privateer had captured her. \" Molley\" came into Deal on 14 February. On 15 September Rye and \"Earl Spencer\" brought into Portsmouth a neutral vessel they had detained. This was probably \"Maria Margaretha\", which they had captured on 12 September. Then on 23 November \"Earl Spencer\" left Portsmouth in search of a privateer reported to be off the back of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, Rye returned to Portsmouth on 24 December from a cruise. A few days earlier she had chased a French 16-gun privateer lugger but had lost her quarry in a thick fog. Still, \"Earl Spencer\" brought in with her the ship \"Martha\", which she had detained and which was \"richly laden\". On 1 January 1801 Rye received promotion to Commander, and transferred to . Lieutenant James Leach replaced Rye. On 15 May 1801 \"Fisgard\", and the hired armed cutters \"Hirondelle\" and \"Earl Spencer\", recaptured the brig \"Victory\" from the French.", "They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799\u20131864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of \"Father Ignatius of St Paul\". He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married the Honourable Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who later married Prince Charles in 1981.", "\"Victory\", John Bowden (or Barden), master, had been sailing from London to St John's, Newfoundland, when on 1 May the French privateer \"Arriege\" had captured her. The recaptured \"Victory\" came into Plymouth. Shortly after the start of the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Thomas Chitty received a letter of marque on 25 May 1803 for the cutter \"Earl Spencer\", of 162 tons (bm). On 8 July \"Lloyd's List\" reported that \"Earl Spencer\" had captured \"Jeune Anacaarsin\", from New Orleans to Bordeaux, and sent her into Dover. \" Earl Spencer\", of Dover, was in company with the privateers \"Phoenix\", of Jersey, and \"Henry\", of Weymouth, when they captured \"Robuste\", from New Orleans. The privateers sent \"Robuste\" into Jersey. A few days later \"Robuste\", of 300 tons (bm), and her cargo of sugar and coffee, arrived at Guernsey. On 13 September \"Lloyd's List\" reported that the French privateer \"Venus\", of Nantes, had captured \"Royal Charlotte\", Hamilton, master, sailing from Wilmington to London. \" Earl Spencer\" recaptured \"Royal Charlotte\" and left her at . \" Earl Spencer\" then put into Penzance. She had lost two men killed and seven wounded in an engagement with \"Venus\", and had sustained heavy damage. \"Earl Spencer\", of 142 tons (bm), served under contract between 15 October 1799 and 9 November 1801. She carried fourteen 12-pounder carronades. On 17 April 1800, Lieutenant Anthony Thompson, commander, and \"Earl Spencer\" captured \"Faderland\". In December \"Earl Spencer\" and Thompson recaptured two brigs: \"Mary Ann\" and \"Hardwick\". \""], "answer": {"text": "Later that year, Spencer left his wife for a period of four months, but in the spring of 1921 they were reunited in Washington, D.C.,", "answer_start": 835}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they romantically involved?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "8 November 1916", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Wallis and Earl meet?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida, while visiting her cousin Corinne", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Earl have to leave due to World War I?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Earl and Wallis live during this time?", "answer": {"text": "After the United States entered the First World War in 1917, Spencer was posted to San Diego", "answer_start": 516, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_95d2ed2392784afbacf33bd974d93f97_1_q#7", "question": "Did they stay together or did they eventually get divorced?", "rewrite": "Did Earl Spencer and Wallis Spencer stay together or did they eventually get divorced?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["They had five children, including the 2nd Earl Spencer, who later became Home Secretary from 1806 to 1807 and a Knight of the Garter. His older son, the 3rd Earl Spencer was Chancellor of the Exchequer under Lord Grey and Lord Melbourne from 1830 to 1834. The 2nd Earl's youngest son George (1799\u20131864) converted from Anglicanism to the Roman Catholic Church, became a priest and took the name of \"Father Ignatius of St Paul\". He worked as a missionary and is a candidate for beatification. His older brother, who eventually became the 4th Earl Spencer, was a naval commander, courtier and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral, and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1849. His son, the 5th Earl Spencer, who was known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard, was a close friend of prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He served twice as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and was made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. He was succeeded in 1910 by his half-brother, the 6th Earl Spencer, who had been made Viscount Althorp, of Great Brington in the County of Northamptonshire, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, in 1905 and served as Lord Chamberlain from 1905 to 1912. He became a Knight of the Garter in 1913, and was succeeded in the earldom and estates by his son, the 7th Earl Spencer, in 1922. His son, the 8th Earl Spencer, succeeded to the earldom and estates in 1975. He married the Honourable Frances Ruth Roche in 1954 and had a daughter, Diana, who later married Prince Charles in 1981.", "\"Victory\", John Bowden (or Barden), master, had been sailing from London to St John's, Newfoundland, when on 1 May the French privateer \"Arriege\" had captured her. The recaptured \"Victory\" came into Plymouth. Shortly after the start of the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Thomas Chitty received a letter of marque on 25 May 1803 for the cutter \"Earl Spencer\", of 162 tons (bm). On 8 July \"Lloyd's List\" reported that \"Earl Spencer\" had captured \"Jeune Anacaarsin\", from New Orleans to Bordeaux, and sent her into Dover. \" Earl Spencer\", of Dover, was in company with the privateers \"Phoenix\", of Jersey, and \"Henry\", of Weymouth, when they captured \"Robuste\", from New Orleans. The privateers sent \"Robuste\" into Jersey. A few days later \"Robuste\", of 300 tons (bm), and her cargo of sugar and coffee, arrived at Guernsey. On 13 September \"Lloyd's List\" reported that the French privateer \"Venus\", of Nantes, had captured \"Royal Charlotte\", Hamilton, master, sailing from Wilmington to London. \" Earl Spencer\" recaptured \"Royal Charlotte\" and left her at . \" Earl Spencer\" then put into Penzance. She had lost two men killed and seven wounded in an engagement with \"Venus\", and had sustained heavy damage. \"Earl Spencer\", of 142 tons (bm), served under contract between 15 October 1799 and 9 November 1801. She carried fourteen 12-pounder carronades. On 17 April 1800, Lieutenant Anthony Thompson, commander, and \"Earl Spencer\" captured \"Faderland\". In December \"Earl Spencer\" and Thompson recaptured two brigs: \"Mary Ann\" and \"Hardwick\". \"", "Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer KG, CB, PC (14 April 1798 \u2013 27 December 1857), styled The Honourable Frederick Spencer until 1845, was a British naval commander, courtier, and Whig politician. He initially served in the Royal Navy and fought in the Napoleonic Wars and the Greek War of Independence, eventually rising to the rank of Vice-Admiral. He succeeded his elder brother as Earl Spencer in 1845 and held political office as Lord Chamberlain of the Household between 1846 and 1848 and as Lord Steward of the Household between 1854 and 1857. In 1849 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Through his second son, Charles, Lord Spencer was the great-great-grandfather of Diana, Princess of Wales, the three-times-great-grandfather of future British Monarch Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and the four-times-great-grandfather of William's son, Prince George. Spencer was born on 14 April 1798 at the Admiralty Building, London and was baptised in St Martin-in-the-Fields. He was the fifth son born to George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, and Lady Lavinia Bingham. Among his siblings was older brothers John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer (whose wife died in childbirth) and Sir Robert Cavendish Spencer, who died unmarried at sea. His older sister Lady Sarah Spencer was the wife of William Lyttelton, 3rd Baron Lyttelton. His paternal grandparents were Home Secretary John Spencer, 1st Earl Spencer, and his wife Margaret Georgiana Poyntz, daughter of the diplomat and courtier Stephen Poyntz. His maternal grandparents were Irish peer Charles Bingham, 1st Earl of Lucan and his wife, the portrait miniature painter Margaret Smyth. Spencer was educated at Eton from 1808 to 1811.", "John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer John Poyntz Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer, KG, KP, PC (27 October 1835 \u2013 13 August 1910), known as Viscount Althorp from 1845 to 1857 (and also known as the \"Red Earl\" because of his distinctive long red beard), was a British Liberal Party politician under, and close friend of, British prime minister William Ewart Gladstone. He was twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Spencer was the son of Frederick Spencer, 4th Earl Spencer, by his first wife Georgiana, daughter of William Poyntz. The prominent Whig politician John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer, was his uncle and Charles Spencer, 6th Earl Spencer, his half-brother. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, from which he graduated in 1857. Almost immediately after leaving Cambridge Spencer was elected to parliament for South Northamptonshire as a Liberal, before departing for a tour of North America. He returned in December 1857, and within a few days his father died, leaving him as the new Earl Spencer. He was sworn of the Privy Council in 1859 and made a Knight of the Garter in 1864. Spencer split from other whiggish aristocratic Liberals in 1866 on the issue of Russell's reform bill, which he supported, and his loyalty was rewarded by his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Gladstone returned to power in 1868. Ireland came to be a major preoccupation of the remainder of Spencer's long political career. In this first tenure as Lord Lieutenant, he had to deal with implementation of the disestablishment of the Church of Ireland in 1869 and of the Irish Land Act of 1870, both of which measures he strongly supported. Spencer, in fact, went further than most of his ministerial colleagues, including Gladstone himself, in arguing for the setting up of government tribunals to enforce fair rents on Irish landlords.", "Hired armed cutter Earl Spencer Three hired armed cutters named Earl Spencer served the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary or Napoleonic Wars. Two, both cutters, served at the same time between 1799 and 1801. A third, variously referred to as a tender or cutter, served from 1803 to 1814. \"Earl Spencer\", of 163 tons (bm) served under contract between 7 July 1799 and 20 October 1801. She carried two 6-pounder guns and twelve 12-pounder carronades. At some point in early 1800, \"Earl Spencer\" and the hired armed cutter \"Nile\" recaptured \"Molly\", which was in ballast. This was probably \"Molley\", which had been sailing from Exeter to Newcastle when a French privateer had captured her. \" Molley\" came into Deal on 14 February. On 15 September Rye and \"Earl Spencer\" brought into Portsmouth a neutral vessel they had detained. This was probably \"Maria Margaretha\", which they had captured on 12 September. Then on 23 November \"Earl Spencer\" left Portsmouth in search of a privateer reported to be off the back of the Isle of Wight. Lastly, Rye returned to Portsmouth on 24 December from a cruise. A few days earlier she had chased a French 16-gun privateer lugger but had lost her quarry in a thick fog. Still, \"Earl Spencer\" brought in with her the ship \"Martha\", which she had detained and which was \"richly laden\". On 1 January 1801 Rye received promotion to Commander, and transferred to . Lieutenant James Leach replaced Rye. On 15 May 1801 \"Fisgard\", and the hired armed cutters \"Hirondelle\" and \"Earl Spencer\", recaptured the brig \"Victory\" from the French."], "answer": {"text": "her marriage to Spencer was dissolved,", "answer_start": 870}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Wallis Simpson's relationship with Edward?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they romantically involved?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "8 November 1916", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Wallis and Earl meet?", "answer": {"text": "Wallis met Earl Winfield Spencer Jr., a U.S. Navy aviator, at Pensacola, Florida, while visiting her cousin Corinne", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Earl have to leave due to World War I?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Earl and Wallis live during this time?", "answer": {"text": "After the United States entered the First World War in 1917, Spencer was posted to San Diego", "answer_start": 516, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their marriage happy?", "answer": {"text": "Later that year, Spencer left his wife for a period of four months, but in the spring of 1921 they were reunited in Washington, D.C.,", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d05a5d3ddd34cb6b936dd670a7108ff_0_q#0", "question": "What year did DJ Quik's Mad Science Recordings get released?", "rewrite": "What year did DJ Quik's Mad Science Recordings get released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trauma (DJ Quik album) Trauma is the seventh album by rapper/producer DJ Quik. It was released in 2005 and sold 100,000 copies through his own independent label Mad Science Records. The album debuted at number forty three on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 chart, with 24,000 copies sold in its first-week. An all instrumental version of the album was also released. Tha album was originally supposed to be released in March 2005 on Warner Bros. Records, but he changed labels and got a distribution deal with Fontana. DJ Quik spoke on the album with an interview with DubCNN and said \"It's the dopest album I've ever done. It's better than \" Quik Is the Name\", it's a classic. It's hot, it's a new sound. I got the best collaborations , I got some real talented people. I made everybody sound the same, it's not like Nate Dogg sounds better than Wyclef Jean. It's not like that, it's a uniform record. Every record goes into the next record the right way. It's like a movie, it's not even like an album. It's real visual, you can see it and you can feel it. It's recorded real well , I used a lot of real new equipment. And I worked with some of the best musicians on the planet. So it's a unstoppable record, and I look forward to send all these fuckin producers back to the drawing board. And I'm the shit , I think I'm the best right now. Matter of fact, when you hear \"Trauma\", you gonna think I'm the best too\". Trauma received mixed reviews from contemporary music critics.", "Mad Science The Mad Science Group is a franchise company that specializes in educational and entertaining science programs for children that presents concepts in a visual and interactive manner. Mad Science franchisees offer after school programs, workshops, birthday parties, special events, and camps. Programs are designed for children from pre-school to middle school age on topics such as light, sound, electricity, magnetism, anatomy, optics, chemistry, space technology and robotics. Children are given hands-on activities combined with discussion and demonstrations to meet specific learning objectives while in a fun and challenging environment. Mad Science began in 1985 with two brothers, Ariel and Ron Shlien, who had a keen interest in performing science experiments at an early age. They utilized this passion for science and developed activities which they performed at their local YMCA. They soon discovered that the interactive element of their science presentations sparked the children\u2019s curiosity. This led to the development of after school programs and workshops at local school and community centers. The company continued to grow and in 1990 the brothers registered the name \"The Mad Science Group\". In 1994 Mad Science partnered with Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines to offer science shows to the children on board. In the mid 90s Mad Science began franchising its concept, opening 28 franchises across North America by the end of 1996. In 1999, Ariel and Ron received The Young Entrepreneur Award from the Business Development Bank of Canada. \"Winners are chosen according to selection criteria based on company growth, involvement in the new economy, innovation, community work, and export performance\". Over the next decade, Mad Science continued its growth and to date has over 150 franchises in 21 countries. Mad Science Productions, incorporated in 1997 by Ariel and Ron Shlien, was a division of the Mad Science Group that specialized in the development, production, and operation of interactive science-based stage shows for theme and amusement parks, performing arts centers and fairs.", "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings. The album is titled Trauma and reflects the turmoil in the producer's \"musical\" life over the past few years. It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies. In recent years he has worked with a 74-piece orchestra while working on the score to the movie \"Head of State\" with Marcus Miller. On June 21, 2006, DJ Quik was convicted of assault on his sister and sentenced to five months in prison. The incident occurred in 2003, when he allegedly \"pistol-whipped\" her for extorting him, according to police reports. He was released early in October 2006. He went on to say that prison sentence gave him time to reflect on his life, and he later began getting rid of extra baggage. In late 2007, DJ Quik and AMG formed the group the Fixxers. Along with the formation of the duo, he dropped the \"DJ\" from his name for the upcoming album and rapped as \"Quik\". In March 2007 they signed a single deal with Interscope Records for the release of their album Midnight Life and promoted it with \"Can You Werk Wit Dat?\" However, the album was scrapped due to unauthorized actions by Hudson Melvin Baxter II (also known as \"Hud\"), who illegally put it up for sale on the internet in December 2007. The album was then spread across the Internet as a bootleg. In February 2008, Quik finished up mixing and producing for Snoop Dogg's new record Ego Trippin. In the process of working with Snoop Dogg, a production group called QDT was formed. It stands for Quik-Dogg-Teddy and consists of DJ Quik, Snoop Dogg and Teddy Riley.", "Luv of My Life \"Luv of My Life\" is the first single released off DJ Quik's eight studio album, The Book of David. It features and introduces Gift Reynolds, an artist signed to his label Mad Science Recordings. \"Luv of My Life\" featuring Gift Reynolds is the first official single from the album. The song was premiered on Power 106 LA on February 1, 2011. The song was released to iTunes on March 8, 2011. It was already garnering heavy spins from top regional radio stations, including Los Angeles\u2019 Power 106, San Francisco\u2019s KMEL, Seattle\u2019s KUBE, Phoenix\u2019s KKFR and more. The song has been getting great reviews saying that his skills are just as precise now as they were two decades ago, Quik's music remains relevant and essential. \u201cThe Book of David\u201d is yet another fine addition to the catalogue of an immensely gifted artist. The music video was shot on April 3, 2011 in a strip club and features an appearance from Compton rapper Problem. The music video was released on DJ Quik's official YouTube account on April 27, 2011. DJ Quik performed the song live along with The Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on June 10, 2011 to help promote the single and album. He also performed the song live on Fox 5 San Diego on June 23, 2011.", "The Midnight Life The Midnight Life is the ninth studio album by American rapper DJ Quik The album was released on October 14, 2014, by Mad Science Recordings and INgrooves Music Group. The album spawned the singles \"Life Jacket\" and promo single \"That Getter\". \"The Midnight Life\" features guest appearances from Mack 10, El DeBarge, David Blake II, Bishop Lamont, Joi, Rob \"Fonsksta\" Bacon, Suga Free, Tay F 3rd Tweed Cadillac & Dom Kennedy. The album's production was handled mainly by DJ Quik himself. On December 9, 2013 in an interview with The Arsenio Hall Show's \"Extended Play\" in Los Angeles, Quik announced he received a budget for his upcoming ninth studio album and revealed his intention to channel the DJ Quik from 1989. The album title and release date were confirmed on September 17, 2014 in a press release from DJ Quik. On September 24, 2014, DJ Quik released the album's first single, titled \"Life Jacket\", featuring frequent collaborator Suga Free and Dom Kennedy. The song was produced by DJ Quik himself. The snippet for the song along with a short music video for \"Life Jacket\", directed by Jon Casey, was released on June 11, 2013. \"The Midnight Life\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Fred Thomas of AllMusic said, \" The album ... is a fun-loving affair, frequently switching styles from jazzy, sophisticated R&B workouts like \"Pet Cemetery\" to heavier trap and gangsta rap beats.\" Jayson Greene of Pitchfork Media stated, \"The enlivening Quik touch is everywhere: 25 years into his career, he is still discovering how 2 or 3 sounds can make you momentarily forget how rap songs usually go.\""], "answer": {"text": "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5d05a5d3ddd34cb6b936dd670a7108ff_0_q#1", "question": "any hot singles off of this album", "rewrite": "Are there any hot singles off Mad Science Recordings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Breakbeat Science Breakbeat Science Recordings was a drum and bass record label and record store of the same name based in Manhattan in New York City, New York; both the label and the store were founded in 1996, and a website was launched in 1997. Breakbeat Science was the first store dedicated to Drum and Bass music in the US, at the time of its opening the scene was still primarily based in the UK. Breakbeat Science moved several times over the years. The first location was on 9th Street and the store later moved to Orchard Street, both in Manhattan's East Village. After the Orchard Street location closed, the remaining backstock was moved to the Halcyon record shop in Dumbo, Brooklyn. The label has been associated with a number of respected DJs and producers, including DJ DB and DJ Dara, who along with Paul Morris and Sean \"Shooter\" own the store and label, and also Pieter K, DJ Abstract, and AK1200. Other former employees include DJ Reid Speed (who later founded Play Me Records) and DJ Clever (who later founded Offshore Recordings). It has also brought releases by UK acts High Contrast, London Elektricity, Klute, and others to the United States, along with releases from acts outside the US or UK, like the Norwegian duo Rawthang; Breakbeat Science often works with other labels (for example, Hospital Records, the home of both High Contrast and London Elektricity) to do this. The label has no branches outside of the United States, but it does have a sublabel, Orgone, that cultivates American talent. Breakbeat Science Recordings should not be confused with Breakbeat Science, a short-lived label with only one release (in 1999) according to Discogs: .", "Mad Science The Mad Science Group is a franchise company that specializes in educational and entertaining science programs for children that presents concepts in a visual and interactive manner. Mad Science franchisees offer after school programs, workshops, birthday parties, special events, and camps. Programs are designed for children from pre-school to middle school age on topics such as light, sound, electricity, magnetism, anatomy, optics, chemistry, space technology and robotics. Children are given hands-on activities combined with discussion and demonstrations to meet specific learning objectives while in a fun and challenging environment. Mad Science began in 1985 with two brothers, Ariel and Ron Shlien, who had a keen interest in performing science experiments at an early age. They utilized this passion for science and developed activities which they performed at their local YMCA. They soon discovered that the interactive element of their science presentations sparked the children\u2019s curiosity. This led to the development of after school programs and workshops at local school and community centers. The company continued to grow and in 1990 the brothers registered the name \"The Mad Science Group\". In 1994 Mad Science partnered with Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines to offer science shows to the children on board. In the mid 90s Mad Science began franchising its concept, opening 28 franchises across North America by the end of 1996. In 1999, Ariel and Ron received The Young Entrepreneur Award from the Business Development Bank of Canada. \"Winners are chosen according to selection criteria based on company growth, involvement in the new economy, innovation, community work, and export performance\". Over the next decade, Mad Science continued its growth and to date has over 150 franchises in 21 countries. Mad Science Productions, incorporated in 1997 by Ariel and Ron Shlien, was a division of the Mad Science Group that specialized in the development, production, and operation of interactive science-based stage shows for theme and amusement parks, performing arts centers and fairs.", "The Midnight Life The Midnight Life is the ninth studio album by American rapper DJ Quik The album was released on October 14, 2014, by Mad Science Recordings and INgrooves Music Group. The album spawned the singles \"Life Jacket\" and promo single \"That Getter\". \"The Midnight Life\" features guest appearances from Mack 10, El DeBarge, David Blake II, Bishop Lamont, Joi, Rob \"Fonsksta\" Bacon, Suga Free, Tay F 3rd Tweed Cadillac & Dom Kennedy. The album's production was handled mainly by DJ Quik himself. On December 9, 2013 in an interview with The Arsenio Hall Show's \"Extended Play\" in Los Angeles, Quik announced he received a budget for his upcoming ninth studio album and revealed his intention to channel the DJ Quik from 1989. The album title and release date were confirmed on September 17, 2014 in a press release from DJ Quik. On September 24, 2014, DJ Quik released the album's first single, titled \"Life Jacket\", featuring frequent collaborator Suga Free and Dom Kennedy. The song was produced by DJ Quik himself. The snippet for the song along with a short music video for \"Life Jacket\", directed by Jon Casey, was released on June 11, 2013. \"The Midnight Life\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Fred Thomas of AllMusic said, \" The album ... is a fun-loving affair, frequently switching styles from jazzy, sophisticated R&B workouts like \"Pet Cemetery\" to heavier trap and gangsta rap beats.\" Jayson Greene of Pitchfork Media stated, \"The enlivening Quik touch is everywhere: 25 years into his career, he is still discovering how 2 or 3 sounds can make you momentarily forget how rap songs usually go.\"", "Luv of My Life \"Luv of My Life\" is the first single released off DJ Quik's eight studio album, The Book of David. It features and introduces Gift Reynolds, an artist signed to his label Mad Science Recordings. \"Luv of My Life\" featuring Gift Reynolds is the first official single from the album. The song was premiered on Power 106 LA on February 1, 2011. The song was released to iTunes on March 8, 2011. It was already garnering heavy spins from top regional radio stations, including Los Angeles\u2019 Power 106, San Francisco\u2019s KMEL, Seattle\u2019s KUBE, Phoenix\u2019s KKFR and more. The song has been getting great reviews saying that his skills are just as precise now as they were two decades ago, Quik's music remains relevant and essential. \u201cThe Book of David\u201d is yet another fine addition to the catalogue of an immensely gifted artist. The music video was shot on April 3, 2011 in a strip club and features an appearance from Compton rapper Problem. The music video was released on DJ Quik's official YouTube account on April 27, 2011. DJ Quik performed the song live along with The Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on June 10, 2011 to help promote the single and album. He also performed the song live on Fox 5 San Diego on June 23, 2011.", "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings. The album is titled Trauma and reflects the turmoil in the producer's \"musical\" life over the past few years. It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies. In recent years he has worked with a 74-piece orchestra while working on the score to the movie \"Head of State\" with Marcus Miller. On June 21, 2006, DJ Quik was convicted of assault on his sister and sentenced to five months in prison. The incident occurred in 2003, when he allegedly \"pistol-whipped\" her for extorting him, according to police reports. He was released early in October 2006. He went on to say that prison sentence gave him time to reflect on his life, and he later began getting rid of extra baggage. In late 2007, DJ Quik and AMG formed the group the Fixxers. Along with the formation of the duo, he dropped the \"DJ\" from his name for the upcoming album and rapped as \"Quik\". In March 2007 they signed a single deal with Interscope Records for the release of their album Midnight Life and promoted it with \"Can You Werk Wit Dat?\" However, the album was scrapped due to unauthorized actions by Hudson Melvin Baxter II (also known as \"Hud\"), who illegally put it up for sale on the internet in December 2007. The album was then spread across the Internet as a bootleg. In February 2008, Quik finished up mixing and producing for Snoop Dogg's new record Ego Trippin. In the process of working with Snoop Dogg, a production group called QDT was formed. It stands for Quik-Dogg-Teddy and consists of DJ Quik, Snoop Dogg and Teddy Riley."], "answer": {"text": "It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies.", "answer_start": 220}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What year did DJ Quik's Mad Science Recordings get released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d05a5d3ddd34cb6b936dd670a7108ff_0_q#2", "question": "did this album cause any controversies?", "rewrite": "Did the Mad Science Recordings album cause any controversies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Breakbeat Science Breakbeat Science Recordings was a drum and bass record label and record store of the same name based in Manhattan in New York City, New York; both the label and the store were founded in 1996, and a website was launched in 1997. Breakbeat Science was the first store dedicated to Drum and Bass music in the US, at the time of its opening the scene was still primarily based in the UK. Breakbeat Science moved several times over the years. The first location was on 9th Street and the store later moved to Orchard Street, both in Manhattan's East Village. After the Orchard Street location closed, the remaining backstock was moved to the Halcyon record shop in Dumbo, Brooklyn. The label has been associated with a number of respected DJs and producers, including DJ DB and DJ Dara, who along with Paul Morris and Sean \"Shooter\" own the store and label, and also Pieter K, DJ Abstract, and AK1200. Other former employees include DJ Reid Speed (who later founded Play Me Records) and DJ Clever (who later founded Offshore Recordings). It has also brought releases by UK acts High Contrast, London Elektricity, Klute, and others to the United States, along with releases from acts outside the US or UK, like the Norwegian duo Rawthang; Breakbeat Science often works with other labels (for example, Hospital Records, the home of both High Contrast and London Elektricity) to do this. The label has no branches outside of the United States, but it does have a sublabel, Orgone, that cultivates American talent. Breakbeat Science Recordings should not be confused with Breakbeat Science, a short-lived label with only one release (in 1999) according to Discogs: .", "Mad Science The Mad Science Group is a franchise company that specializes in educational and entertaining science programs for children that presents concepts in a visual and interactive manner. Mad Science franchisees offer after school programs, workshops, birthday parties, special events, and camps. Programs are designed for children from pre-school to middle school age on topics such as light, sound, electricity, magnetism, anatomy, optics, chemistry, space technology and robotics. Children are given hands-on activities combined with discussion and demonstrations to meet specific learning objectives while in a fun and challenging environment. Mad Science began in 1985 with two brothers, Ariel and Ron Shlien, who had a keen interest in performing science experiments at an early age. They utilized this passion for science and developed activities which they performed at their local YMCA. They soon discovered that the interactive element of their science presentations sparked the children\u2019s curiosity. This led to the development of after school programs and workshops at local school and community centers. The company continued to grow and in 1990 the brothers registered the name \"The Mad Science Group\". In 1994 Mad Science partnered with Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines to offer science shows to the children on board. In the mid 90s Mad Science began franchising its concept, opening 28 franchises across North America by the end of 1996. In 1999, Ariel and Ron received The Young Entrepreneur Award from the Business Development Bank of Canada. \"Winners are chosen according to selection criteria based on company growth, involvement in the new economy, innovation, community work, and export performance\". Over the next decade, Mad Science continued its growth and to date has over 150 franchises in 21 countries. Mad Science Productions, incorporated in 1997 by Ariel and Ron Shlien, was a division of the Mad Science Group that specialized in the development, production, and operation of interactive science-based stage shows for theme and amusement parks, performing arts centers and fairs.", "Luv of My Life \"Luv of My Life\" is the first single released off DJ Quik's eight studio album, The Book of David. It features and introduces Gift Reynolds, an artist signed to his label Mad Science Recordings. \"Luv of My Life\" featuring Gift Reynolds is the first official single from the album. The song was premiered on Power 106 LA on February 1, 2011. The song was released to iTunes on March 8, 2011. It was already garnering heavy spins from top regional radio stations, including Los Angeles\u2019 Power 106, San Francisco\u2019s KMEL, Seattle\u2019s KUBE, Phoenix\u2019s KKFR and more. The song has been getting great reviews saying that his skills are just as precise now as they were two decades ago, Quik's music remains relevant and essential. \u201cThe Book of David\u201d is yet another fine addition to the catalogue of an immensely gifted artist. The music video was shot on April 3, 2011 in a strip club and features an appearance from Compton rapper Problem. The music video was released on DJ Quik's official YouTube account on April 27, 2011. DJ Quik performed the song live along with The Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on June 10, 2011 to help promote the single and album. He also performed the song live on Fox 5 San Diego on June 23, 2011.", "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings. The album is titled Trauma and reflects the turmoil in the producer's \"musical\" life over the past few years. It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies. In recent years he has worked with a 74-piece orchestra while working on the score to the movie \"Head of State\" with Marcus Miller. On June 21, 2006, DJ Quik was convicted of assault on his sister and sentenced to five months in prison. The incident occurred in 2003, when he allegedly \"pistol-whipped\" her for extorting him, according to police reports. He was released early in October 2006. He went on to say that prison sentence gave him time to reflect on his life, and he later began getting rid of extra baggage. In late 2007, DJ Quik and AMG formed the group the Fixxers. Along with the formation of the duo, he dropped the \"DJ\" from his name for the upcoming album and rapped as \"Quik\". In March 2007 they signed a single deal with Interscope Records for the release of their album Midnight Life and promoted it with \"Can You Werk Wit Dat?\" However, the album was scrapped due to unauthorized actions by Hudson Melvin Baxter II (also known as \"Hud\"), who illegally put it up for sale on the internet in December 2007. The album was then spread across the Internet as a bootleg. In February 2008, Quik finished up mixing and producing for Snoop Dogg's new record Ego Trippin. In the process of working with Snoop Dogg, a production group called QDT was formed. It stands for Quik-Dogg-Teddy and consists of DJ Quik, Snoop Dogg and Teddy Riley.", "The Midnight Life The Midnight Life is the ninth studio album by American rapper DJ Quik The album was released on October 14, 2014, by Mad Science Recordings and INgrooves Music Group. The album spawned the singles \"Life Jacket\" and promo single \"That Getter\". \"The Midnight Life\" features guest appearances from Mack 10, El DeBarge, David Blake II, Bishop Lamont, Joi, Rob \"Fonsksta\" Bacon, Suga Free, Tay F 3rd Tweed Cadillac & Dom Kennedy. The album's production was handled mainly by DJ Quik himself. On December 9, 2013 in an interview with The Arsenio Hall Show's \"Extended Play\" in Los Angeles, Quik announced he received a budget for his upcoming ninth studio album and revealed his intention to channel the DJ Quik from 1989. The album title and release date were confirmed on September 17, 2014 in a press release from DJ Quik. On September 24, 2014, DJ Quik released the album's first single, titled \"Life Jacket\", featuring frequent collaborator Suga Free and Dom Kennedy. The song was produced by DJ Quik himself. The snippet for the song along with a short music video for \"Life Jacket\", directed by Jon Casey, was released on June 11, 2013. \"The Midnight Life\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Fred Thomas of AllMusic said, \" The album ... is a fun-loving affair, frequently switching styles from jazzy, sophisticated R&B workouts like \"Pet Cemetery\" to heavier trap and gangsta rap beats.\" Jayson Greene of Pitchfork Media stated, \"The enlivening Quik touch is everywhere: 25 years into his career, he is still discovering how 2 or 3 sounds can make you momentarily forget how rap songs usually go.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did DJ Quik's Mad Science Recordings get released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any hot singles off of this album", "answer": {"text": "It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d05a5d3ddd34cb6b936dd670a7108ff_0_q#3", "question": "Who did quik work with?", "rewrite": "Who did DJ Quik work with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Way 2 Fonky Way 2 Fonky is the second studio album by American hip hop artist and producer DJ Quik; released by Profile Records on July 20, 1992. Recording sessions for the album took place during 1991 and 1992. Production was handled by DJ Quik and was executive produced Courtney Branch and Tracy Kendrick. The album debuted at number ten on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart on August 8, 1992, selling 120,000 copies in its first week in the United States. The album was certified Gold three months after its release on October 9, 1992. DJ Quik was beefing with rapper Tim Dog during this time who dissed him on three tracks \"Fuck Compton\", \"Step To Me\",and \"DJ Quik Beat Down (Skit)\" on his album Penicillin on Wax. He responded to Tim Dog with disses on \"Way 2 Fonky\" and \"Tha Last Word\". He was also beefing with MC Eiht; the two had already been beefing for a few years at the time. Tim Dog responded to DJ Quik with \"I Don't Give a Fuck\" and \"Breakin' North\" (which is the same shout-out type song like \"Tha Last Word\") on his second album \"Do or Die\". Two singles from the album were released; \"Way 2 Fonky\" a response to Tim Dog's West Coast diss \"Fuck Compton\", and \"Jus Lyke Compton\". \"Way 2 Fonky\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Jonathan Gold of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that \"Way 2 Fonky\" is a great-sounding rap record, with a giant, Jeep-worthy bottom and high, articulated, almost reggae-inflected rhyming.", "MC Eiht and his group CMW got involved in a long tumultuous rivalry with fellow Compton DJ/rapper DJ Quik that lasted for several years. The feud traces back to a track on DJ Quik's debut mixtape \"The Red Tape\", where Quik indirectly dissed both Compton's Most Wanted and N.W.A. During that time, Quik was a member to the Tree Top Piru Bloods and Eiht was a member of the 159th St. Tragniew Park Compton Crips. On the track \"Duck Sick\" from CMW's debut album \" It's a Compton Thang\", they criticized and questioned Quik's street credibility. They hit Quik again in 1991 on their second effort \"Straight Checkn 'Em\". Quik didn't respond to CMW's disses on his debut album \" Quik is the Name\", but he responded to Eiht on the title track to his sophomore effort \"Way 2 Fonky\". CMW responded months later with a music video for Def Wish II which featured a DJ Quik lookalike that was being chased and murdered by CMW. Quik didn't respond to it as he was facing label problems and other music projects. However, on the soundtrack to the 1994 short film \" Murder Was The Case\", on the track \"Dollaz + Sense\", Quik ruthlessly verbally attacks Eiht, calling him a movie script killer (in reference to Eiht's appearance in the critically acclaimed 1993 film \"Menace II Society\"), a coward, and more. Quik furthered the flames by performing the song at the 1995 Source Awards in New York City.", "The Midnight Life The Midnight Life is the ninth studio album by American rapper DJ Quik The album was released on October 14, 2014, by Mad Science Recordings and INgrooves Music Group. The album spawned the singles \"Life Jacket\" and promo single \"That Getter\". \"The Midnight Life\" features guest appearances from Mack 10, El DeBarge, David Blake II, Bishop Lamont, Joi, Rob \"Fonsksta\" Bacon, Suga Free, Tay F 3rd Tweed Cadillac & Dom Kennedy. The album's production was handled mainly by DJ Quik himself. On December 9, 2013 in an interview with The Arsenio Hall Show's \"Extended Play\" in Los Angeles, Quik announced he received a budget for his upcoming ninth studio album and revealed his intention to channel the DJ Quik from 1989. The album title and release date were confirmed on September 17, 2014 in a press release from DJ Quik. On September 24, 2014, DJ Quik released the album's first single, titled \"Life Jacket\", featuring frequent collaborator Suga Free and Dom Kennedy. The song was produced by DJ Quik himself. The snippet for the song along with a short music video for \"Life Jacket\", directed by Jon Casey, was released on June 11, 2013. \"The Midnight Life\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Fred Thomas of AllMusic said, \" The album ... is a fun-loving affair, frequently switching styles from jazzy, sophisticated R&B workouts like \"Pet Cemetery\" to heavier trap and gangsta rap beats.\" Jayson Greene of Pitchfork Media stated, \"The enlivening Quik touch is everywhere: 25 years into his career, he is still discovering how 2 or 3 sounds can make you momentarily forget how rap songs usually go.\"", "Blaqkout  Blaqkout (stylized as \"BlaQKout\") is a collaboration album by rapper/record producer DJ Quik and rapper Kurupt. It is completely produced by DJ Quik. The album debuted at #61 on the Billboard 200, selling 10,000 copies its first week. While putting the finishing touches on Snoop Dogg\u2019s acclaimed \"Ego Trippin\" album in early 2008, DJ Quik had an idea. The rapper-producer-musician-entrepreneur wanted to do a full-length album with Kurupt, the Dogg Pound member and Snoop Dogg affiliated-rapper he\u2019d known since Death Row Records\u2019 mid-1990s heyday and had worked with sparingly over the years. The inspiritation for the name of the album was taken from the Method Man & Redman collaborational albums \"Blackout!\" and \"Blackout! 2\" since this was also a collaboration album. It was modified to include the letter Q to represent DJ Quik and the letter K to represent Kurupt. Kurupt revealed the album was recorded within 6 months. Blaqkout received mostly positive reviews from contemporary music critics. Allmusic rated the album with 3 and a half stars and wrote Just like the similarly titled 2009 album from Method Man and Redman, DJ Quik and Kurupt's Blaqkout is a throwback triumph that succeeds thanks to the hip-hop veterans' superior chemistry and informal attitude. Anyone expecting a courageous game changer will be disappointed by all the swaggering, sexual bragging, and irresponsible pimping the duo frontload onto the effort, but coming to terms with the overall weekend attitude is quick and easy, thanks to rock-solid hooks and Quik's production.", "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings. The album is titled Trauma and reflects the turmoil in the producer's \"musical\" life over the past few years. It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies. In recent years he has worked with a 74-piece orchestra while working on the score to the movie \"Head of State\" with Marcus Miller. On June 21, 2006, DJ Quik was convicted of assault on his sister and sentenced to five months in prison. The incident occurred in 2003, when he allegedly \"pistol-whipped\" her for extorting him, according to police reports. He was released early in October 2006. He went on to say that prison sentence gave him time to reflect on his life, and he later began getting rid of extra baggage. In late 2007, DJ Quik and AMG formed the group the Fixxers. Along with the formation of the duo, he dropped the \"DJ\" from his name for the upcoming album and rapped as \"Quik\". In March 2007 they signed a single deal with Interscope Records for the release of their album Midnight Life and promoted it with \"Can You Werk Wit Dat?\" However, the album was scrapped due to unauthorized actions by Hudson Melvin Baxter II (also known as \"Hud\"), who illegally put it up for sale on the internet in December 2007. The album was then spread across the Internet as a bootleg. In February 2008, Quik finished up mixing and producing for Snoop Dogg's new record Ego Trippin. In the process of working with Snoop Dogg, a production group called QDT was formed. It stands for Quik-Dogg-Teddy and consists of DJ Quik, Snoop Dogg and Teddy Riley."], "answer": {"text": "DJ Quik and AMG formed the group the Fixxers.", "answer_start": 829}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What year did DJ Quik's Mad Science Recordings get released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any hot singles off of this album", "answer": {"text": "It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did this album cause any controversies?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5d05a5d3ddd34cb6b936dd670a7108ff_0_q#4", "question": "Any awards or high on the billaboard charts?", "rewrite": "Did Fixxers win any awards or high on the billaboard charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Fixxers The Fixxers is a hip hop supergroup formed in late 2006 by two Compton-based West Coast rap veterans DJ Quik and AMG. Quik and AMG had worked together some years earlier when Quik (then known as DJ Quik) produced some records that AMG appeared on. When Quik was released from a prison sentence for parole violation, he decided to form the duo with long-time friend AMG. The group's name was chosen by AMG and Quik's manager Greedy Greg, and in their own words refers to their desire to \"fix music\" - \" We're fixing music out here. We're interchanging our LA people. Right now. Where it was all dry before, we're giving them a breath of fresh air that's homegrown\" - Quik. The group signed a singles deal with Interscope Records after their track \"Can U Werk Wit Dat\" received regular airplay on Los Angeles radio, the label going on to release it as a single. It was chosen as number 22 on \"Vibe\"'s \"44 Best Songs of 2007\". The single became a favorite on LA radio stations and was featured on the HBO TV show \"Entourage\".", "As Republicans were hoping to retake control of the Senate in the 2014 elections, it was hoped that Wehby's profile as a successful surgeon and moderate Republican, combined with Merkley's middling popularity and the disastrous rollout of Cover Oregon, the state's Affordable Care Act insurance exchange website, would result in Oregon coming into play as a competitive race. While Wehby drew the support of the Republican establishment and the National Republican Senatorial Committee and endorsements from national politicians such as Newt Gingrich, Mitch McConnell and Mitt Romney, she received criticism from conservatives for her moderate political positions on issues such as immigration, abortion and same-sex marriage. She was also criticised by primary opponent Jason Conger for her support of the Healthy Americans Act, co-sponsored by Oregon's other U.S. Senator, Democrat Ron Wyden, and Utah Republican Bob Bennett, which Conger said was \"90 percent there with Obamacare\" because it contained provisions that people purchase government-approved insurance plans. Wehby responded that it was \"a good plan; it was a market-based approach\" and said that she never supported the entire bill and did not think uninsured people should be mandated or enticed into buying health insurance. The battle between the more centrist, establishment-supported Wehby and the more conservative, grass-roots-supported Conger was seen as symptomatic of a Republican Party that had failed to win a statewide election in Oregon since then-U.S. Senator Gordon H. Smith was re-elected in 2002. In early May, a poll released by the conservative polling organisation Vox Populi Polling showed Wehby leading Merkley by 45% to 41%. However, her candidacy also began to receive greater scrutiny.", "Ruby Ring Ruby Ring () is a 2013 South Korean television daily drama series starring Lee So-yeon, Im Jung-eun, Kim Suk-hoon and Park Gwang-hyun. It airs on KBS2 on Mondays to Fridays at 19:45 for 93 episodes beginning August 19, 2013. Ruby and Runa are twins, although one, unbeknownst to both, was adopted, and are one the opposite of the other: Ruby is responsible, obedient and kind, while Runa is manipulative, selfish and greedy. When Ruby announces her engagement to Bae Kyung-min, the jealousy Runa harbors for her sister sharpens: it has always been her dream to marry a rich man, but instead she remained pregnant with her boyfriend Na In-soo. Soon after, the two sisters have a car accident which disfigures them. Since Ruby's engagement ring and clothes are found on Runa, doctors reconstruct their faces swapping them. Runa has now the opportunity to live as Ruby, who, when she wakes up from a coma and discovers what her sister is doing and that In-soo, while knowing the truth, is not going to do anything, plans revenge.", "Sherko Karim Sherko Karim Lateef Gubari ( , born 25 May 1996) is an Iraqi professional football forward who plays for Iraqi Premier League club Al-Shorta. Born in Kirkuk in northern Iraq, Karim made his first steps on the fields of local Al-Thawra Sports Club in his home city. He was discovered by Iraqi U-17 coach Muwafaq Hussein on one of his scouting trips scouring for new talent around the country, and after watching him, he quickly called him up to play for his side, and shortly after, moved to Baghdad to play for Al-Shorta. It was after the U-17s qualified for the 2012 AFC Under 17 Championship that Iraqi clubs began clamouring for his signature, with Arbil one of the favourites to sign the striker but instead he moved south to the Iraqi capital to start his career in the top division, and after an initial offer from Al-Karkh, he moved to Al-Shorta. Karim came to prominence at an Arab youth tournament in Tunisia in 2012, where he picked up awards for the best player and top scorer at the 2012 Arab Youth Championship on the back of his seven goals in Tunis. After the competition the striker was offered a professional contract by three of Tunisia\u2019s premier clubs Esp\u00e9rance, Club Africain and CS Sfaxien. Karim also had interest from Saudi club Al-Nassr and was one of four players from the Under 17s who Russian club Anzhi Makhachkala looked out during the 2013 AFC U-17 qualifying rounds in Duhok. Karim signed his first senior contract with Al-Shorta on 30 December 2011 at the age of just 15. He was given the number 33 shirt and scored his first goal for Al-Shorta against Al-Minaa with a header in a 3\u20130 win on 24 June 2012.", "But she remained pregnant while landing a job at a powerful law firm in New York City. Her first husband demanded that she turn down the job and postpone her dreams of becoming a lawyer in order to raise their child. And, after being told that her pregnancy would require her to stay in bed, Patty opted to induce a miscarriage while riding a horse. The loss of her child (a girl) would haunt Patty, who quickly divorced her husband and began her law career. She moved to New York City and became a successful lawyer, one whose ruthlessness was matched by her corruption. In one of the defining cases of her career, Patty convinced a company scientist, Daniel Purcell (William Hurt), to throw his deposition in order to win her case. Patty and Daniel had a brief affair during this period, resulting in the birth of Patty's only child, a son named Michael (Zachary Booth). She also remarried, to a successful stock broker, Phil Grey (Michael Nouri), who helped her raise her son as his own and constantly supported her in her work. Her busy life led to estranged relations with both of them: Michael inherited his mother's ruthlessness and turned to a life of intrigues and manipulations and her constantly undermined husband Phil becomes unfaithful. She devotes her life on taking down \"bullies\", corrupt men that misuse their power and position. And at the time she meets young and bright Ellen Parsons (Rose Byrne) she is in midst of the biggest case in her career. Billionaire Arthur Frobisher (Ted Danson), accused of insider trading, becomes her ultimate opponent. But in order to incriminate him she has to reach Katie Connor (Anastasia Griffith), the only witness of his scheme. Katie Connor is the sister of David Connor (Noah Bean), Ellen's fianc\u00e9."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did DJ Quik's Mad Science Recordings get released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2005, DJ Quik released his first independent album on his own new label, Mad Science Recordings.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any hot singles off of this album", "answer": {"text": "It was considered an independent success and has sold over 100,000 copies.", "answer_start": 220, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did this album cause any controversies?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did quik work with?", "answer": {"text": "DJ Quik and AMG formed the group the Fixxers.", "answer_start": 829, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#0", "question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "rewrite": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mattie Delaney Mattie Delaney (born c. 1905; date of death unknown) was an American Delta blues singer and guitarist active in the 1930s. Only two recordings by her are known: \"Down the Big Road Blues\" and \"Tallahatchie River Blues\". Delaney may have been born Mattie Doyle south of Tchula, Mississippi, but the researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest she was Mattie B. Delaney, born near Goodman, Mississippi. Around 1927 she may have moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Contemporary witnesses remember seeing her perform at Swan Lake, Mississippi. She recorded two songs for Vocalion Records in February 1930. Her song \"Down the Big Road Blues\" was a variant of Tommy Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\". One music journalist noted \"Delaney issuing a matter-of-fact report in 'Tallahatchie River Blues'\". She was unusual for a female performer of the time, in that she played guitar accompaniment and sang topical songs. Nothing is known of her life after the recordings. Two of Delaney's songs were included on the compilation album \"Mississippi Girls (1928\u20131931)\", issued in September 1991.", "American Epic: The Best of Blues  American Epic: The Best of Blues is a compilation of early blues songs recorded between 1927 and 1936 and released to accompany the \"American Epic\" films in 2017. The album was released as a 17-track download and a 13-track vinyl LP. The album was praised by critics as the definitive pre-war blues compilation. During the pre-production of the \"American Epic\" documentary films, director Bernard MacMahon and producers and co-writers Allison McGourty and Duke Erikson decided to create a series of compilation album releases to expand on the music and performers featured in the documentaries. Contributing to this decision was a new technology in use for transferring and restoring old shellac 78rpm discs for the film\u2019s soundtrack. The blues compilation was prepared along with a country compilation, five individual artist compilations and a 5-CD box set, \"\". The album concentrates on the first electrically recorded blues discs made in North America between 1927 and 1931. It covers a broad range of blues music, from Mississippi Delta artists such as, Charley Patton, Son House and Skip James to Memphis songsters like Frank Stokes and jug bands including the Memphis Jug Band and Cannon\u2019s Jug Stompers, Piedmont blues players like Blind Willie McTell and Texas gospel blues evangelist Blind Willie Johnson. The compilation also featured female country blues musicians like Geeshie Wiley and Mattie Delaney who were quite unusual at the time. The album opened with its sole later recording from 1936 - Robert Johnson\u2019s \u201cCross Road Blues\u201d which was itself inspired by the earlier recordings on the set and would become the conduit for later generations into rediscovering these hugely influential late 20s and early 30s blues recordings. New transfer and sound restoration techniques developed for the \"American Epic\" documentary films were utilized to restore the 17 songs on the album.", "Tommy Johnson (musician)  Tommy Johnson (January 1896November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. He was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson. Johnson was born near Terry, Mississippi, and in about 1910 moved to Crystal Springs, where he lived for most of his life. He learned to play the guitar and, by 1914, was supplementing his income by playing at local parties with his brothers Major and LeDell. In 1916 Johnson married and moved to Webb Jennings' plantation near Drew, Mississippi, close to the Dockery Plantation. There he met other musicians, including Charlie Patton and Willie Brown. By 1920, Johnson was an itinerant musician based in Crystal Springs but traveling widely around the South, sometimes accompanied by Papa Charlie McCoy. In 1928, he made his first recordings, with McCoy, for Victor Records, including \"Canned Heat Blues\", in which he sang of drinking methanol from the cooking fuel Sterno. The song features the refrain \"canned heat, mama, sure, Lord, killing me.\" The blues group Canned Heat took their name from this song. Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" inspired Canned Heat's song \" On the Road Again\". A significantly different version of the song appears as \"Canned Heat\" on the album \"Big Road Blues\" by K. C. Douglas. Johnson recorded two further sessions, for Victor in August 1928 and for Paramount Records in December 1929. He did not record again, mistakenly believing that he had signed away his right to record. Some suggest he had been intentionally given this misimpression by people at Paramount Records. This resulted in a legal settlement with the Mississippi Sheiks, who had used the melody of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" in their successful \"Stop and Listen\".", "The song showcases a riff by Page (also in open G tuning), and in the lyrics Robert Plant quotes many Robert Johnson songs, such as \"She studies evil all the time\", from \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", and \"Why don't you come on in my kitchen\", from \"Come on in My Kitchen\" (which is heard during the song's solo). \"Travelling Riverside Blues\" can be found on disc one of the \"Led Zeppelin Boxed Set\" (1990), the \"Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions\" (1997), the expanded 1993 reissue of \"Coda\" from \"The Complete Studio Recordings\" and \"Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection\" (2008) box sets, and disc one of the two companion discs of the 2015 reissue of \"Coda\". It was interest from US radio interviewers and fans during Page's \"Outrider\" tour that originally led him to negotiate with BBC Enterprises for the song's release. A promotional video clip was also released in 1990, with out-take footage from the band's 1976 concert film, \"The Song Remains the Same\" inter-spliced with other footage from the band's archive. The clip also features a railroad montage, and underwater shots of the Mississippi River. The song reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks Top 50 chart in November 1990, culled from national album rock radio airplay reports. A verse was incorporated into Cream's \"Crossroads\", their 1968 version of Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", uncredited. Eric Clapton re-arranged Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" during live performances with Derek & The Dominos to include the same \"squeeze (my lemon) till the juice runs down my leg\" lyrics. Most notably, the song was recorded live at the Fillmore East in New York City on October 23, 1970.", "Willie Lofton Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton (1905-1962) was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. He recorded eight sides for Decca Records and Bluebird Records, adopting a style strikingly similar to Tommy Johnson's. Lofton never achieved much commercial success or recognition in his lifetime, but his rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" has been revitalized on compilation albums. Not much is known about Lofton's personal life, although musician Plastic Crimewave, writing in his column \"The Secret History of Chicago Music\", stated that Lofton most likely was born in Florence, Mississippi sometime in 1905. He worked as a barber in Jackson and also played the blues, performing regularly with influential Delta blues musicians Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey. Johnson, in particular, was hugely impactful on Lofton's own style, as he soon adopted Johnson's fast-paced staccato guitar playing and falsetto singing. Lofton relocated to Chicago in 1934, recording and releasing the songs \"Poor Boy Blues\" and \"It's Killin' Me\" on Decca Records, with two additional songs from the session released in early 1935. In January 1935, he recorded \"Dirty Mistreater\" and \"Rainy Day Blues\", the former of which adopted guitar lines from Johnson. Lofton may have also been an uncredited guitarist for recordings completed by Kansas Joe McCoy later in the year. In November 1935, Lofton recorded his two most highly regarded songs of his brief recording career with pianist Black Bob Hudson on Bluebird Records, \"Beer Garden Blues\" and a rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\", retitled \"Dark Road Blues\". Plastic Crimewave praised Lofton's rewritten lyrics on \"Dark Road Blues\" as a \"part of the DNA of the entire blues tradition\"."], "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#1", "question": "What is important about this song", "rewrite": "What is important about Cross Road Blues?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tommy Johnson (musician)  Tommy Johnson (January 1896November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. He was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson. Johnson was born near Terry, Mississippi, and in about 1910 moved to Crystal Springs, where he lived for most of his life. He learned to play the guitar and, by 1914, was supplementing his income by playing at local parties with his brothers Major and LeDell. In 1916 Johnson married and moved to Webb Jennings' plantation near Drew, Mississippi, close to the Dockery Plantation. There he met other musicians, including Charlie Patton and Willie Brown. By 1920, Johnson was an itinerant musician based in Crystal Springs but traveling widely around the South, sometimes accompanied by Papa Charlie McCoy. In 1928, he made his first recordings, with McCoy, for Victor Records, including \"Canned Heat Blues\", in which he sang of drinking methanol from the cooking fuel Sterno. The song features the refrain \"canned heat, mama, sure, Lord, killing me.\" The blues group Canned Heat took their name from this song. Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" inspired Canned Heat's song \" On the Road Again\". A significantly different version of the song appears as \"Canned Heat\" on the album \"Big Road Blues\" by K. C. Douglas. Johnson recorded two further sessions, for Victor in August 1928 and for Paramount Records in December 1929. He did not record again, mistakenly believing that he had signed away his right to record. Some suggest he had been intentionally given this misimpression by people at Paramount Records. This resulted in a legal settlement with the Mississippi Sheiks, who had used the melody of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" in their successful \"Stop and Listen\".", "Willie Lofton Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton (1905-1962) was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. He recorded eight sides for Decca Records and Bluebird Records, adopting a style strikingly similar to Tommy Johnson's. Lofton never achieved much commercial success or recognition in his lifetime, but his rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" has been revitalized on compilation albums. Not much is known about Lofton's personal life, although musician Plastic Crimewave, writing in his column \"The Secret History of Chicago Music\", stated that Lofton most likely was born in Florence, Mississippi sometime in 1905. He worked as a barber in Jackson and also played the blues, performing regularly with influential Delta blues musicians Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey. Johnson, in particular, was hugely impactful on Lofton's own style, as he soon adopted Johnson's fast-paced staccato guitar playing and falsetto singing. Lofton relocated to Chicago in 1934, recording and releasing the songs \"Poor Boy Blues\" and \"It's Killin' Me\" on Decca Records, with two additional songs from the session released in early 1935. In January 1935, he recorded \"Dirty Mistreater\" and \"Rainy Day Blues\", the former of which adopted guitar lines from Johnson. Lofton may have also been an uncredited guitarist for recordings completed by Kansas Joe McCoy later in the year. In November 1935, Lofton recorded his two most highly regarded songs of his brief recording career with pianist Black Bob Hudson on Bluebird Records, \"Beer Garden Blues\" and a rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\", retitled \"Dark Road Blues\". Plastic Crimewave praised Lofton's rewritten lyrics on \"Dark Road Blues\" as a \"part of the DNA of the entire blues tradition\".", "Mattie Delaney Mattie Delaney (born c. 1905; date of death unknown) was an American Delta blues singer and guitarist active in the 1930s. Only two recordings by her are known: \"Down the Big Road Blues\" and \"Tallahatchie River Blues\". Delaney may have been born Mattie Doyle south of Tchula, Mississippi, but the researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest she was Mattie B. Delaney, born near Goodman, Mississippi. Around 1927 she may have moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Contemporary witnesses remember seeing her perform at Swan Lake, Mississippi. She recorded two songs for Vocalion Records in February 1930. Her song \"Down the Big Road Blues\" was a variant of Tommy Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\". One music journalist noted \"Delaney issuing a matter-of-fact report in 'Tallahatchie River Blues'\". She was unusual for a female performer of the time, in that she played guitar accompaniment and sang topical songs. Nothing is known of her life after the recordings. Two of Delaney's songs were included on the compilation album \"Mississippi Girls (1928\u20131931)\", issued in September 1991.", "The song showcases a riff by Page (also in open G tuning), and in the lyrics Robert Plant quotes many Robert Johnson songs, such as \"She studies evil all the time\", from \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", and \"Why don't you come on in my kitchen\", from \"Come on in My Kitchen\" (which is heard during the song's solo). \"Travelling Riverside Blues\" can be found on disc one of the \"Led Zeppelin Boxed Set\" (1990), the \"Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions\" (1997), the expanded 1993 reissue of \"Coda\" from \"The Complete Studio Recordings\" and \"Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection\" (2008) box sets, and disc one of the two companion discs of the 2015 reissue of \"Coda\". It was interest from US radio interviewers and fans during Page's \"Outrider\" tour that originally led him to negotiate with BBC Enterprises for the song's release. A promotional video clip was also released in 1990, with out-take footage from the band's 1976 concert film, \"The Song Remains the Same\" inter-spliced with other footage from the band's archive. The clip also features a railroad montage, and underwater shots of the Mississippi River. The song reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks Top 50 chart in November 1990, culled from national album rock radio airplay reports. A verse was incorporated into Cream's \"Crossroads\", their 1968 version of Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", uncredited. Eric Clapton re-arranged Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" during live performances with Derek & The Dominos to include the same \"squeeze (my lemon) till the juice runs down my leg\" lyrics. Most notably, the song was recorded live at the Fillmore East in New York City on October 23, 1970.", "This melancholy has led to the suggestion of an Igbo origin for blues because of the reputation the Igbo had throughout plantations in the Americas for their melancholic music and outlook on life when they were enslaved. The lyrics often relate troubles experienced within African American society. For instance Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Rising High Water Blues\" (1927) tells of the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927: Although the blues gained an association with misery and oppression, the lyrics could also be humorous and raunchy: Hokum blues celebrated both comedic lyrical content and a boisterous, farcical performance style. Tampa Red's classic \"Tight Like That\" (1928) is a sly wordplay with the double meaning of being \"tight\" with someone coupled with a more salacious physical familiarity. Blues songs with sexually explicit lyrics were known as dirty blues. The lyrical content became slightly simpler in postwar blues, which tended to focus on relationship woes or sexual worries. Lyrical themes that frequently appeared in prewar blues, such as economic depression, farming, devils, gambling, magic, floods and drought, were less common in postwar blues. The writer Ed Morales claimed that Yoruba mythology played a part in early blues, citing Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" as a \"thinly veiled reference to Eleggua, the orisha in charge of the crossroads\". However, the Christian influence was far more obvious. The repertoires of many seminal blues artists, such as Charley Patton and Skip James, included religious songs or spirituals. Reverend Gary Davis and Blind Willie Johnson are examples of artists often categorized as blues musicians for their music, although their lyrics clearly belong to spirituals. The blues form is a cyclic musical form in which a repeating progression of chords mirrors the call and response scheme commonly found in African and African-American music."], "answer": {"text": "The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful,", "answer_start": 1188}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#2", "question": "Is this an album or a song?", "rewrite": "Is Cross Road Blues an album or a song?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["American Epic: The Best of Blues  American Epic: The Best of Blues is a compilation of early blues songs recorded between 1927 and 1936 and released to accompany the \"American Epic\" films in 2017. The album was released as a 17-track download and a 13-track vinyl LP. The album was praised by critics as the definitive pre-war blues compilation. During the pre-production of the \"American Epic\" documentary films, director Bernard MacMahon and producers and co-writers Allison McGourty and Duke Erikson decided to create a series of compilation album releases to expand on the music and performers featured in the documentaries. Contributing to this decision was a new technology in use for transferring and restoring old shellac 78rpm discs for the film\u2019s soundtrack. The blues compilation was prepared along with a country compilation, five individual artist compilations and a 5-CD box set, \"\". The album concentrates on the first electrically recorded blues discs made in North America between 1927 and 1931. It covers a broad range of blues music, from Mississippi Delta artists such as, Charley Patton, Son House and Skip James to Memphis songsters like Frank Stokes and jug bands including the Memphis Jug Band and Cannon\u2019s Jug Stompers, Piedmont blues players like Blind Willie McTell and Texas gospel blues evangelist Blind Willie Johnson. The compilation also featured female country blues musicians like Geeshie Wiley and Mattie Delaney who were quite unusual at the time. The album opened with its sole later recording from 1936 - Robert Johnson\u2019s \u201cCross Road Blues\u201d which was itself inspired by the earlier recordings on the set and would become the conduit for later generations into rediscovering these hugely influential late 20s and early 30s blues recordings. New transfer and sound restoration techniques developed for the \"American Epic\" documentary films were utilized to restore the 17 songs on the album.", "The song showcases a riff by Page (also in open G tuning), and in the lyrics Robert Plant quotes many Robert Johnson songs, such as \"She studies evil all the time\", from \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", and \"Why don't you come on in my kitchen\", from \"Come on in My Kitchen\" (which is heard during the song's solo). \"Travelling Riverside Blues\" can be found on disc one of the \"Led Zeppelin Boxed Set\" (1990), the \"Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions\" (1997), the expanded 1993 reissue of \"Coda\" from \"The Complete Studio Recordings\" and \"Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection\" (2008) box sets, and disc one of the two companion discs of the 2015 reissue of \"Coda\". It was interest from US radio interviewers and fans during Page's \"Outrider\" tour that originally led him to negotiate with BBC Enterprises for the song's release. A promotional video clip was also released in 1990, with out-take footage from the band's 1976 concert film, \"The Song Remains the Same\" inter-spliced with other footage from the band's archive. The clip also features a railroad montage, and underwater shots of the Mississippi River. The song reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks Top 50 chart in November 1990, culled from national album rock radio airplay reports. A verse was incorporated into Cream's \"Crossroads\", their 1968 version of Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", uncredited. Eric Clapton re-arranged Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" during live performances with Derek & The Dominos to include the same \"squeeze (my lemon) till the juice runs down my leg\" lyrics. Most notably, the song was recorded live at the Fillmore East in New York City on October 23, 1970.", "Willie Lofton Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton (1905-1962) was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. He recorded eight sides for Decca Records and Bluebird Records, adopting a style strikingly similar to Tommy Johnson's. Lofton never achieved much commercial success or recognition in his lifetime, but his rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" has been revitalized on compilation albums. Not much is known about Lofton's personal life, although musician Plastic Crimewave, writing in his column \"The Secret History of Chicago Music\", stated that Lofton most likely was born in Florence, Mississippi sometime in 1905. He worked as a barber in Jackson and also played the blues, performing regularly with influential Delta blues musicians Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey. Johnson, in particular, was hugely impactful on Lofton's own style, as he soon adopted Johnson's fast-paced staccato guitar playing and falsetto singing. Lofton relocated to Chicago in 1934, recording and releasing the songs \"Poor Boy Blues\" and \"It's Killin' Me\" on Decca Records, with two additional songs from the session released in early 1935. In January 1935, he recorded \"Dirty Mistreater\" and \"Rainy Day Blues\", the former of which adopted guitar lines from Johnson. Lofton may have also been an uncredited guitarist for recordings completed by Kansas Joe McCoy later in the year. In November 1935, Lofton recorded his two most highly regarded songs of his brief recording career with pianist Black Bob Hudson on Bluebird Records, \"Beer Garden Blues\" and a rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\", retitled \"Dark Road Blues\". Plastic Crimewave praised Lofton's rewritten lyrics on \"Dark Road Blues\" as a \"part of the DNA of the entire blues tradition\".", "Mattie Delaney Mattie Delaney (born c. 1905; date of death unknown) was an American Delta blues singer and guitarist active in the 1930s. Only two recordings by her are known: \"Down the Big Road Blues\" and \"Tallahatchie River Blues\". Delaney may have been born Mattie Doyle south of Tchula, Mississippi, but the researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest she was Mattie B. Delaney, born near Goodman, Mississippi. Around 1927 she may have moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Contemporary witnesses remember seeing her perform at Swan Lake, Mississippi. She recorded two songs for Vocalion Records in February 1930. Her song \"Down the Big Road Blues\" was a variant of Tommy Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\". One music journalist noted \"Delaney issuing a matter-of-fact report in 'Tallahatchie River Blues'\". She was unusual for a female performer of the time, in that she played guitar accompaniment and sang topical songs. Nothing is known of her life after the recordings. Two of Delaney's songs were included on the compilation album \"Mississippi Girls (1928\u20131931)\", issued in September 1991.", "Tommy Johnson (musician)  Tommy Johnson (January 1896November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. He was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson. Johnson was born near Terry, Mississippi, and in about 1910 moved to Crystal Springs, where he lived for most of his life. He learned to play the guitar and, by 1914, was supplementing his income by playing at local parties with his brothers Major and LeDell. In 1916 Johnson married and moved to Webb Jennings' plantation near Drew, Mississippi, close to the Dockery Plantation. There he met other musicians, including Charlie Patton and Willie Brown. By 1920, Johnson was an itinerant musician based in Crystal Springs but traveling widely around the South, sometimes accompanied by Papa Charlie McCoy. In 1928, he made his first recordings, with McCoy, for Victor Records, including \"Canned Heat Blues\", in which he sang of drinking methanol from the cooking fuel Sterno. The song features the refrain \"canned heat, mama, sure, Lord, killing me.\" The blues group Canned Heat took their name from this song. Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" inspired Canned Heat's song \" On the Road Again\". A significantly different version of the song appears as \"Canned Heat\" on the album \"Big Road Blues\" by K. C. Douglas. Johnson recorded two further sessions, for Victor in August 1928 and for Paramount Records in December 1929. He did not record again, mistakenly believing that he had signed away his right to record. Some suggest he had been intentionally given this misimpression by people at Paramount Records. This resulted in a legal settlement with the Mississippi Sheiks, who had used the melody of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" in their successful \"Stop and Listen\"."], "answer": {"text": "Two similar takes of the song were recorded.", "answer_start": 219}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is important about this song", "answer": {"text": "The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful,", "answer_start": 1188, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#3", "question": "What was the difference between the takes", "rewrite": "What was the difference between the two takes recorded of Cross Road Blues?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mattie Delaney Mattie Delaney (born c. 1905; date of death unknown) was an American Delta blues singer and guitarist active in the 1930s. Only two recordings by her are known: \"Down the Big Road Blues\" and \"Tallahatchie River Blues\". Delaney may have been born Mattie Doyle south of Tchula, Mississippi, but the researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest she was Mattie B. Delaney, born near Goodman, Mississippi. Around 1927 she may have moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Contemporary witnesses remember seeing her perform at Swan Lake, Mississippi. She recorded two songs for Vocalion Records in February 1930. Her song \"Down the Big Road Blues\" was a variant of Tommy Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\". One music journalist noted \"Delaney issuing a matter-of-fact report in 'Tallahatchie River Blues'\". She was unusual for a female performer of the time, in that she played guitar accompaniment and sang topical songs. Nothing is known of her life after the recordings. Two of Delaney's songs were included on the compilation album \"Mississippi Girls (1928\u20131931)\", issued in September 1991.", "Tommy Johnson (musician)  Tommy Johnson (January 1896November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. He was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson. Johnson was born near Terry, Mississippi, and in about 1910 moved to Crystal Springs, where he lived for most of his life. He learned to play the guitar and, by 1914, was supplementing his income by playing at local parties with his brothers Major and LeDell. In 1916 Johnson married and moved to Webb Jennings' plantation near Drew, Mississippi, close to the Dockery Plantation. There he met other musicians, including Charlie Patton and Willie Brown. By 1920, Johnson was an itinerant musician based in Crystal Springs but traveling widely around the South, sometimes accompanied by Papa Charlie McCoy. In 1928, he made his first recordings, with McCoy, for Victor Records, including \"Canned Heat Blues\", in which he sang of drinking methanol from the cooking fuel Sterno. The song features the refrain \"canned heat, mama, sure, Lord, killing me.\" The blues group Canned Heat took their name from this song. Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" inspired Canned Heat's song \" On the Road Again\". A significantly different version of the song appears as \"Canned Heat\" on the album \"Big Road Blues\" by K. C. Douglas. Johnson recorded two further sessions, for Victor in August 1928 and for Paramount Records in December 1929. He did not record again, mistakenly believing that he had signed away his right to record. Some suggest he had been intentionally given this misimpression by people at Paramount Records. This resulted in a legal settlement with the Mississippi Sheiks, who had used the melody of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" in their successful \"Stop and Listen\".", "Willie Lofton Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton (1905-1962) was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. He recorded eight sides for Decca Records and Bluebird Records, adopting a style strikingly similar to Tommy Johnson's. Lofton never achieved much commercial success or recognition in his lifetime, but his rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" has been revitalized on compilation albums. Not much is known about Lofton's personal life, although musician Plastic Crimewave, writing in his column \"The Secret History of Chicago Music\", stated that Lofton most likely was born in Florence, Mississippi sometime in 1905. He worked as a barber in Jackson and also played the blues, performing regularly with influential Delta blues musicians Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey. Johnson, in particular, was hugely impactful on Lofton's own style, as he soon adopted Johnson's fast-paced staccato guitar playing and falsetto singing. Lofton relocated to Chicago in 1934, recording and releasing the songs \"Poor Boy Blues\" and \"It's Killin' Me\" on Decca Records, with two additional songs from the session released in early 1935. In January 1935, he recorded \"Dirty Mistreater\" and \"Rainy Day Blues\", the former of which adopted guitar lines from Johnson. Lofton may have also been an uncredited guitarist for recordings completed by Kansas Joe McCoy later in the year. In November 1935, Lofton recorded his two most highly regarded songs of his brief recording career with pianist Black Bob Hudson on Bluebird Records, \"Beer Garden Blues\" and a rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\", retitled \"Dark Road Blues\". Plastic Crimewave praised Lofton's rewritten lyrics on \"Dark Road Blues\" as a \"part of the DNA of the entire blues tradition\".", "As well, a number of blues rock pieces are instrumental-only. Sometimes bands also included a Richter-tuned harmonica or \"harp\". Blues rock pieces often follow typical blues structures, such as twelve-bar blues, sixteen-bar blues, etc. They also use the I-IV-V progression, though there are exceptions, some pieces having a \"B\" section, while others remain on the I. The Allman Brothers Band's version of \"Stormy Monday\", which uses chord substitutions based on Bobby \"Blue\" Bland's 1961 rendition, adds a solo section where \"the rhythm shifts effortlessly into an uptempo 6/8-time jazz feel\". The key is usually major, but can also be minor, such as in \"Black Magic Woman\". One notable difference is the frequent use of a straight eighth-note or rock rhythm instead of triplets usually found in blues. An example is Cream's \"Crossroads\". Although it was adapted from Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", the bass \"combines with drums to create and continually emphasize continuity in the regular metric drive\". Cream also uses some of the lyrics from \"Traveling Riverside Blues\" to create their own interpretation of the song. Rock and blues have historically always been closely linked, with driving rhythms and electric guitar techniques such as distortion and power chords already used by 1950s blues guitarists, particularly Memphis bluesmen such as Joe Hill Louis, Willie Johnson and Pat Hare. Characteristics that blues rock adopted from electric blues include its dense texture, basic blues band instrumentation, rough declamatory vocal style, heavy guitar riffs, string-bending blues-scale guitar solos, strong beat, thick riff-laden texture, and posturing performances.", "The song showcases a riff by Page (also in open G tuning), and in the lyrics Robert Plant quotes many Robert Johnson songs, such as \"She studies evil all the time\", from \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", and \"Why don't you come on in my kitchen\", from \"Come on in My Kitchen\" (which is heard during the song's solo). \"Travelling Riverside Blues\" can be found on disc one of the \"Led Zeppelin Boxed Set\" (1990), the \"Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions\" (1997), the expanded 1993 reissue of \"Coda\" from \"The Complete Studio Recordings\" and \"Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection\" (2008) box sets, and disc one of the two companion discs of the 2015 reissue of \"Coda\". It was interest from US radio interviewers and fans during Page's \"Outrider\" tour that originally led him to negotiate with BBC Enterprises for the song's release. A promotional video clip was also released in 1990, with out-take footage from the band's 1976 concert film, \"The Song Remains the Same\" inter-spliced with other footage from the band's archive. The clip also features a railroad montage, and underwater shots of the Mississippi River. The song reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks Top 50 chart in November 1990, culled from national album rock radio airplay reports. A verse was incorporated into Cream's \"Crossroads\", their 1968 version of Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", uncredited. Eric Clapton re-arranged Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" during live performances with Derek & The Dominos to include the same \"squeeze (my lemon) till the juice runs down my leg\" lyrics. Most notably, the song was recorded live at the Fillmore East in New York City on October 23, 1970."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is important about this song", "answer": {"text": "The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful,", "answer_start": 1188, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is this an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Two similar takes of the song were recorded.", "answer_start": 219, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#4", "question": "Did the recording go well?", "rewrite": "Did the recording of the two takes of Cross Road Blues go well?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Willie Lofton Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton (1905-1962) was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. He recorded eight sides for Decca Records and Bluebird Records, adopting a style strikingly similar to Tommy Johnson's. Lofton never achieved much commercial success or recognition in his lifetime, but his rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" has been revitalized on compilation albums. Not much is known about Lofton's personal life, although musician Plastic Crimewave, writing in his column \"The Secret History of Chicago Music\", stated that Lofton most likely was born in Florence, Mississippi sometime in 1905. He worked as a barber in Jackson and also played the blues, performing regularly with influential Delta blues musicians Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey. Johnson, in particular, was hugely impactful on Lofton's own style, as he soon adopted Johnson's fast-paced staccato guitar playing and falsetto singing. Lofton relocated to Chicago in 1934, recording and releasing the songs \"Poor Boy Blues\" and \"It's Killin' Me\" on Decca Records, with two additional songs from the session released in early 1935. In January 1935, he recorded \"Dirty Mistreater\" and \"Rainy Day Blues\", the former of which adopted guitar lines from Johnson. Lofton may have also been an uncredited guitarist for recordings completed by Kansas Joe McCoy later in the year. In November 1935, Lofton recorded his two most highly regarded songs of his brief recording career with pianist Black Bob Hudson on Bluebird Records, \"Beer Garden Blues\" and a rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\", retitled \"Dark Road Blues\". Plastic Crimewave praised Lofton's rewritten lyrics on \"Dark Road Blues\" as a \"part of the DNA of the entire blues tradition\".", "Tommy Johnson (musician)  Tommy Johnson (January 1896November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. He was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson. Johnson was born near Terry, Mississippi, and in about 1910 moved to Crystal Springs, where he lived for most of his life. He learned to play the guitar and, by 1914, was supplementing his income by playing at local parties with his brothers Major and LeDell. In 1916 Johnson married and moved to Webb Jennings' plantation near Drew, Mississippi, close to the Dockery Plantation. There he met other musicians, including Charlie Patton and Willie Brown. By 1920, Johnson was an itinerant musician based in Crystal Springs but traveling widely around the South, sometimes accompanied by Papa Charlie McCoy. In 1928, he made his first recordings, with McCoy, for Victor Records, including \"Canned Heat Blues\", in which he sang of drinking methanol from the cooking fuel Sterno. The song features the refrain \"canned heat, mama, sure, Lord, killing me.\" The blues group Canned Heat took their name from this song. Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" inspired Canned Heat's song \" On the Road Again\". A significantly different version of the song appears as \"Canned Heat\" on the album \"Big Road Blues\" by K. C. Douglas. Johnson recorded two further sessions, for Victor in August 1928 and for Paramount Records in December 1929. He did not record again, mistakenly believing that he had signed away his right to record. Some suggest he had been intentionally given this misimpression by people at Paramount Records. This resulted in a legal settlement with the Mississippi Sheiks, who had used the melody of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" in their successful \"Stop and Listen\".", "Mattie Delaney Mattie Delaney (born c. 1905; date of death unknown) was an American Delta blues singer and guitarist active in the 1930s. Only two recordings by her are known: \"Down the Big Road Blues\" and \"Tallahatchie River Blues\". Delaney may have been born Mattie Doyle south of Tchula, Mississippi, but the researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest she was Mattie B. Delaney, born near Goodman, Mississippi. Around 1927 she may have moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Contemporary witnesses remember seeing her perform at Swan Lake, Mississippi. She recorded two songs for Vocalion Records in February 1930. Her song \"Down the Big Road Blues\" was a variant of Tommy Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\". One music journalist noted \"Delaney issuing a matter-of-fact report in 'Tallahatchie River Blues'\". She was unusual for a female performer of the time, in that she played guitar accompaniment and sang topical songs. Nothing is known of her life after the recordings. Two of Delaney's songs were included on the compilation album \"Mississippi Girls (1928\u20131931)\", issued in September 1991.", "The song showcases a riff by Page (also in open G tuning), and in the lyrics Robert Plant quotes many Robert Johnson songs, such as \"She studies evil all the time\", from \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", and \"Why don't you come on in my kitchen\", from \"Come on in My Kitchen\" (which is heard during the song's solo). \"Travelling Riverside Blues\" can be found on disc one of the \"Led Zeppelin Boxed Set\" (1990), the \"Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions\" (1997), the expanded 1993 reissue of \"Coda\" from \"The Complete Studio Recordings\" and \"Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection\" (2008) box sets, and disc one of the two companion discs of the 2015 reissue of \"Coda\". It was interest from US radio interviewers and fans during Page's \"Outrider\" tour that originally led him to negotiate with BBC Enterprises for the song's release. A promotional video clip was also released in 1990, with out-take footage from the band's 1976 concert film, \"The Song Remains the Same\" inter-spliced with other footage from the band's archive. The clip also features a railroad montage, and underwater shots of the Mississippi River. The song reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks Top 50 chart in November 1990, culled from national album rock radio airplay reports. A verse was incorporated into Cream's \"Crossroads\", their 1968 version of Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", uncredited. Eric Clapton re-arranged Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" during live performances with Derek & The Dominos to include the same \"squeeze (my lemon) till the juice runs down my leg\" lyrics. Most notably, the song was recorded live at the Fillmore East in New York City on October 23, 1970.", "On learning of Johnson's death, Hammond replaced him with Big Bill Broonzy, but he played two of Johnson's records from the stage. In Jackson, Mississippi, around 1936, Johnson sought out H. C. Speir, who ran a general store and also acted as a talent scout. Speir put Johnson in touch with Ernie Oertle, who, as a salesman for the ARC group of labels, introduced Johnson to Don Law to record his first sessions in San Antonio, Texas. The recording session was held on November 23\u201325, 1936, in room 414 of the Gunter Hotel in San Antonio, which Brunswick Records had set up to be a temporary recording studio. In the ensuing three-day session, Johnson played 16 selections and recorded alternate takes for most of them. He reportedly performed facing the wall, which has been cited as evidence he was a shy man and reserved performer. This conclusion was played up in the inaccurate liner notes of the 1961 album \"King of the Delta Blues Singers\". The slide guitarist Ry Cooder speculates that Johnson played facing a corner to enhance the sound of the guitar, a technique he calls \"corner loading\". Among the songs Johnson recorded in San Antonio were \"Come On in My Kitchen\", \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", \" I Believe I'll Dust My Broom\" and \"Cross Road Blues\". The first to be released were \"Terraplane Blues\" and \"Last Fair Deal Gone Down\", probably the only recordings of his that he would live to hear. \" Terraplane Blues\" became a modest regional hit, selling 5,000 copies. His first recorded song, \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", was part of a cycle of spin-offs and response songs that began with Leroy Carr's \"Mean Mistreater Mama\" (1934)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is important about this song", "answer": {"text": "The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful,", "answer_start": 1188, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is this an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Two similar takes of the song were recorded.", "answer_start": 219, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the difference between the takes", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Cross Road Blues' heartfelt and forceful songs and two similar takes, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The song showcases a riff by Page (also in open G tuning), and in the lyrics Robert Plant quotes many Robert Johnson songs, such as \"She studies evil all the time\", from \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", and \"Why don't you come on in my kitchen\", from \"Come on in My Kitchen\" (which is heard during the song's solo). \"Travelling Riverside Blues\" can be found on disc one of the \"Led Zeppelin Boxed Set\" (1990), the \"Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions\" (1997), the expanded 1993 reissue of \"Coda\" from \"The Complete Studio Recordings\" and \"Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection\" (2008) box sets, and disc one of the two companion discs of the 2015 reissue of \"Coda\". It was interest from US radio interviewers and fans during Page's \"Outrider\" tour that originally led him to negotiate with BBC Enterprises for the song's release. A promotional video clip was also released in 1990, with out-take footage from the band's 1976 concert film, \"The Song Remains the Same\" inter-spliced with other footage from the band's archive. The clip also features a railroad montage, and underwater shots of the Mississippi River. The song reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks Top 50 chart in November 1990, culled from national album rock radio airplay reports. A verse was incorporated into Cream's \"Crossroads\", their 1968 version of Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", uncredited. Eric Clapton re-arranged Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" during live performances with Derek & The Dominos to include the same \"squeeze (my lemon) till the juice runs down my leg\" lyrics. Most notably, the song was recorded live at the Fillmore East in New York City on October 23, 1970.", "Mattie Delaney Mattie Delaney (born c. 1905; date of death unknown) was an American Delta blues singer and guitarist active in the 1930s. Only two recordings by her are known: \"Down the Big Road Blues\" and \"Tallahatchie River Blues\". Delaney may have been born Mattie Doyle south of Tchula, Mississippi, but the researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest she was Mattie B. Delaney, born near Goodman, Mississippi. Around 1927 she may have moved to Memphis, Tennessee. Contemporary witnesses remember seeing her perform at Swan Lake, Mississippi. She recorded two songs for Vocalion Records in February 1930. Her song \"Down the Big Road Blues\" was a variant of Tommy Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\". One music journalist noted \"Delaney issuing a matter-of-fact report in 'Tallahatchie River Blues'\". She was unusual for a female performer of the time, in that she played guitar accompaniment and sang topical songs. Nothing is known of her life after the recordings. Two of Delaney's songs were included on the compilation album \"Mississippi Girls (1928\u20131931)\", issued in September 1991.", "Tommy Johnson (musician)  Tommy Johnson (January 1896November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. He was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson. Johnson was born near Terry, Mississippi, and in about 1910 moved to Crystal Springs, where he lived for most of his life. He learned to play the guitar and, by 1914, was supplementing his income by playing at local parties with his brothers Major and LeDell. In 1916 Johnson married and moved to Webb Jennings' plantation near Drew, Mississippi, close to the Dockery Plantation. There he met other musicians, including Charlie Patton and Willie Brown. By 1920, Johnson was an itinerant musician based in Crystal Springs but traveling widely around the South, sometimes accompanied by Papa Charlie McCoy. In 1928, he made his first recordings, with McCoy, for Victor Records, including \"Canned Heat Blues\", in which he sang of drinking methanol from the cooking fuel Sterno. The song features the refrain \"canned heat, mama, sure, Lord, killing me.\" The blues group Canned Heat took their name from this song. Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" inspired Canned Heat's song \" On the Road Again\". A significantly different version of the song appears as \"Canned Heat\" on the album \"Big Road Blues\" by K. C. Douglas. Johnson recorded two further sessions, for Victor in August 1928 and for Paramount Records in December 1929. He did not record again, mistakenly believing that he had signed away his right to record. Some suggest he had been intentionally given this misimpression by people at Paramount Records. This resulted in a legal settlement with the Mississippi Sheiks, who had used the melody of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" in their successful \"Stop and Listen\".", "Little is known about Johnson's life and musical career, although his recordings are well documented. In October 1936, Johnson auditioned for music store owner and sometime talent scout H. C. Speir in Jackson, Mississippi; Speir passed on Johnson's contact information to Ernie Oertle, who was a representative for ARC Records. After a second audition, Oertle arranged for Johnson to travel to San Antonio, Texas, for a recording session. Johnson recorded 22 songs for ARC over three days from November 23 to 27, 1936. During the first session, he recorded his most commercially appealing songs. They mostly represented his original pieces and reflected current, piano-influenced musical trends. The songs include \"Terraplane Blues\" (his first single and most popular record) along with \"Sweet Home Chicago\" and \"I Believe I'll Dust My Broom\", which became blues standards after others recorded them. A second and third recording date took place in San Antonio after a two-day break. Johnson reached back into his long-standing repertoire for songs to record. The material reflects the styles of country blues performers Charley Patton and Son House, who influenced Johnson in his youth. The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful, and music historian Ted Gioia sees a shift in the lyrical themes:  At the close of the San Antonio session, the darker, more apocalyptic side of Johnson's work emerges ... [he] evokes the themes of damnation and redemption, darkness and light ... glimpses into the musician's inner life, and all its attendant turmoils. \"Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936. The sessions continued at an improvised studio in Room 414 at the Gunter Hotel.", "Willie Lofton Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton (1905-1962) was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. He recorded eight sides for Decca Records and Bluebird Records, adopting a style strikingly similar to Tommy Johnson's. Lofton never achieved much commercial success or recognition in his lifetime, but his rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" has been revitalized on compilation albums. Not much is known about Lofton's personal life, although musician Plastic Crimewave, writing in his column \"The Secret History of Chicago Music\", stated that Lofton most likely was born in Florence, Mississippi sometime in 1905. He worked as a barber in Jackson and also played the blues, performing regularly with influential Delta blues musicians Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey. Johnson, in particular, was hugely impactful on Lofton's own style, as he soon adopted Johnson's fast-paced staccato guitar playing and falsetto singing. Lofton relocated to Chicago in 1934, recording and releasing the songs \"Poor Boy Blues\" and \"It's Killin' Me\" on Decca Records, with two additional songs from the session released in early 1935. In January 1935, he recorded \"Dirty Mistreater\" and \"Rainy Day Blues\", the former of which adopted guitar lines from Johnson. Lofton may have also been an uncredited guitarist for recordings completed by Kansas Joe McCoy later in the year. In November 1935, Lofton recorded his two most highly regarded songs of his brief recording career with pianist Black Bob Hudson on Bluebird Records, \"Beer Garden Blues\" and a rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\", retitled \"Dark Road Blues\". Plastic Crimewave praised Lofton's rewritten lyrics on \"Dark Road Blues\" as a \"part of the DNA of the entire blues tradition\"."], "answer": {"text": "At the close of the San Antonio session, the darker, more apocalyptic side of Johnson's work emerges", "answer_start": 1314}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is important about this song", "answer": {"text": "The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful,", "answer_start": 1188, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is this an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Two similar takes of the song were recorded.", "answer_start": 219, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the difference between the takes", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the recording go well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#6", "question": "What dark sides did he have?", "rewrite": "What dark sides did Johnson have?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Later adding, \"The video eloquently shows that we all have dark sides, but that\u2019s just one side and not the whole story. It doesn't make up a person's identity. Dark sides are just one of the many factors that make us who we are! No one is perfect and our flaws make us interesting. Clarkson helps us realize that with her smart video. Sarah Maloy of \"Billboard\" wrote, \"Clarkson tackles demons of sorts in her new video for 'Dark Side.' As the singer showcases people facing drug addiction, alcoholism, unemployment, weight issues and marital problems in 'Dark Side,' Clarkson sings of how better days are to come. \" The Video was nominated in the category for Best Video with a Message at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards however it lost to Demi Lovato's Skyscraper. Clarkson first performed the song during a Sony-sponsored special concert at The Troubador in Los Angeles on October 19, 2011 to promote \"Stronger\". She then performed it as the opening song in the \"VH1 Unplugged: Kelly Clarkson\" television special on November 17, 2011. Clarkson also included the song as the opening performance of her Stronger Tour. Clarkson performed the song at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards on May 20, 2012. Two days later, on May 22, 2012, she performed the song along with \"Stronger (What Doesn't Kill You)\" on the fourteenth season finale of \"Dancing with the Stars\". On June 5, 2012, Clarkson performed the acoustic version of \"Dark Side\" in BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge. She performed the song on British daytime television show \"Loose Women\". On June 9, 2012, she performed the song at Wembley Stadium as a part of her setlist of Summertime Ball. Clarkson performed \"Dark Side\" along with 'Stronger", "Colombo House, University of New South Wales Colombo House is a residential college of the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Kensington Colleges. Colombo House admitted its first student residents in Semester 1, 2014. Colombo House is named in honor of the University of New South Wales' involvement in the Colombo Plan, with the university having its first intake of Colombo Plan students in 1952. Born out of a Commonwealth Conference of Foreign Ministers, held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, in 1950, The Colombo Plan provided South East Asian students with opportunities to study at international universities in fields of study as yet unavailable to them in their home countries. Graduates of the Colombo Plan went on to be some of the region's top level political leaders and captains of industry, including Former Prime Minister of Nepal, Dr. Baburam Bhattarai and Singapore's current Minister for National Development Khaw Boon Wan. A history of the Colombo Plan by Daniel Oakman, called \"Facing Asia: A History of the Colombo Plan\" is now available online. Colombo House won the first ever Intercollege Cup held between Fig Tree College, UNSW Hall and Colombo House in October 2014 Colombo House will cater for 242 students in single occupancy, dormitory style rooms, all with private en suites. The College will have expansive common and study areas as well as a roof top garden with views across the Randwick Racecourse to the Sydney skyline. Landscaped garden spaces will be shared with Basser, Philip Baxter, Goldstein College and Fig Tree Hall. Colombo House is a self-catered residence with communal kitchens on floors three to six, and a large catering size kitchen on the ground floor. Accommodation packages include free WIFI and weekly cleaning. There are also laundry facilities on the ground floor.", "Upland buzzard The upland buzzard (\"Buteo hemilasius\") is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. This is the largest buzzard and the largest member of the \"Buteo\" in the world based on total length and wingspan, though it is roughly equaled in bulk by the North American ferruginous hawk, which is also only marginally smaller going on mean standard measurements. The total length is and wingspan is 143\u2013161 cm (57\u201364 in). Body mass is known to range from in males, with three averaging , and from in females, with seven averaging . There are both pale and dark morphs. Similar in plumage to others buzzards. Pale morph has lightly marked whitish head, nape and underparts with large brown spots irregularly distributed in upper breast and abdomen. Flanks and sides of the belly dark, tail with greyish centre and dark sides, tail bands prominently dark, with heavier sub-terminal band. Tarsi is fully (or at least three-quarters) feathered brown. Dark morph bird has the upper parts, lower body and wing coverts solid dark, with the flight feather pattern similar to pale morph. This species was first described by Temminck and Schlegel in 1844 and is monotypic. Currently considered to form a superspecies with Buteo rufinus as they do not interbreed, though their ranges overlap. It is found in Bhutan, China, Hong Kong, India, Pakistan, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Normally found in open montane grass lands and cultivation in summer, wintering to lower altitudes. Frequently hovers. Hunts from air or ground. Breeds between April and August on crags and ledges of cliffs.", "Psychology Gone Wrong: The Dark Sides of Science and Therapy Psychology Gone Wrong : The Dark Sides of Science and Therapy is a 2015 book written by Tomasz Witkowski and Maciej Zatonski. It covers mistakes, frauds and abuses of academic psychology, psychotherapy, and psycho-business. In the book the authors review the history of fraudulent research and questionable research practices; the willingness of many psychologists to embrace pseudoscientific ideas and practices (psychoanalysis, recovered-memory therapy, projective testing, neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), etc.), exaggerated claims for the efficacy of psychological interventions, and so on. In each case the authors support their thesis with abundant references. Part one of the book, chapters 1 through 7, seeks to demonstrate and to analyse flaws of the academic psychology and its impact on reality. Part two, chapters 8 through 15 presents pseudoscientific concepts in psychotherapy. Part three, chapters 16 through 19 examines problems of psycho-business. The authors describe how disasters of social control like forced sterilizations and uncritical application of questionable IQ tests were instigated by psychologists who relied on their own flawed thinking rather than on empirical evidence from scientific studies. They tell stories about researchers who lied, plagiarized, distorted, falsified or even fabricated data, and got away with committing outright fraud over and over again. In some cases fraudulent studies were accepted as gospel and became the basis for ill-advised treatments. The authors argue for transparency in research and show how difficult it is for others to obtain the raw data from studies even when the researchers say they are willing to provide it. They offer proposed solutions to increase transparency and promote data sharing. They discuss problems with peer review, editorial policy, poor research design, non-publication of negative studies, and failure to replicate positive studies.", "The Dark Sides The Dark Sides is a compilation of King Diamond songs, released in 1988 by Roadrunner Records. This album contains five tracks (and an outro), released on previous albums, but are mostly unrelated in their stories (as King's albums were concept albums). The album cover featured King Diamond with face paint that resembled KISS bassist Gene Simmons' \"Demon\". Simmons claimed that King's face paint was copyright infringement and sued him. The lawsuit was eventually dropped when King changed his design."], "answer": {"text": "... [he] evokes the themes of damnation and redemption, darkness and light ... glimpses into the musician's inner life, and all its attendant turmoils.", "answer_start": 1415}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is important about this song", "answer": {"text": "The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful,", "answer_start": 1188, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is this an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Two similar takes of the song were recorded.", "answer_start": 219, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the difference between the takes", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the recording go well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the close of the San Antonio session, the darker, more apocalyptic side of Johnson's work emerges", "answer_start": 1314, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fa34573df65d4217ad171e79522cf150_1_q#7", "question": "Did he do other music?", "rewrite": "Did Johnson do music other than Cross Road Blues?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Willie Lofton Willie \"Poor Boy\" Lofton (1905-1962) was an American Delta blues singer-guitarist. He recorded eight sides for Decca Records and Bluebird Records, adopting a style strikingly similar to Tommy Johnson's. Lofton never achieved much commercial success or recognition in his lifetime, but his rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" has been revitalized on compilation albums. Not much is known about Lofton's personal life, although musician Plastic Crimewave, writing in his column \"The Secret History of Chicago Music\", stated that Lofton most likely was born in Florence, Mississippi sometime in 1905. He worked as a barber in Jackson and also played the blues, performing regularly with influential Delta blues musicians Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey. Johnson, in particular, was hugely impactful on Lofton's own style, as he soon adopted Johnson's fast-paced staccato guitar playing and falsetto singing. Lofton relocated to Chicago in 1934, recording and releasing the songs \"Poor Boy Blues\" and \"It's Killin' Me\" on Decca Records, with two additional songs from the session released in early 1935. In January 1935, he recorded \"Dirty Mistreater\" and \"Rainy Day Blues\", the former of which adopted guitar lines from Johnson. Lofton may have also been an uncredited guitarist for recordings completed by Kansas Joe McCoy later in the year. In November 1935, Lofton recorded his two most highly regarded songs of his brief recording career with pianist Black Bob Hudson on Bluebird Records, \"Beer Garden Blues\" and a rendition of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\", retitled \"Dark Road Blues\". Plastic Crimewave praised Lofton's rewritten lyrics on \"Dark Road Blues\" as a \"part of the DNA of the entire blues tradition\".", "Willie Brown (musician) Willie Lee Brown (August 6, 1900 \u2013 December 30, 1952) was an American blues guitar player and vocalist. He performed and recorded with other notable blues musicians, including Son House and Charlie Patton, and was an influence on Robert Johnson and Muddy Waters. Brown is considered one of the pioneering musicians of the Delta blues genre. Brown was best known as a side player, performing mostly with House, Patton, and Johnson. He recorded six sides for Paramount Records in Grafton, Wisconsin in 1930, which were subsequently released on 78-rpm discs. He made three recordings for the Library of Congress in 1941, accompanied by House. In 1952, Brown briefly joined House in Rochester, New York, but soon returned to Tunica, Mississippi, where he died the same year. Although known mostly as an accompanist rather than a soloist, Brown recorded three highly rated solo performances: \"M & O Blues\", \"Make Me a Pallet on the Floor\" and \"Future Blues\". He disappeared from the music scene during the 1940s, together with House, and died before the blues revival of the 1960s. Brown was born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, in 1900. He learned to play the guitar as a teenager. He played with such notables as Charley Patton, Son House and Robert Johnson. He was not a self-promoting frontman, preferring to \"second\" other musicians. Little is known for certain about the man whom Johnson called \"my friend Willie Brown\" (in his \"Cross Road Blues\") and whom Johnson once indicated should be notified in event of his death. Brown played with Patton on \"M & O Blues\" and \"Future Blues\", recorded for Paramount Records in 1930.", "The song showcases a riff by Page (also in open G tuning), and in the lyrics Robert Plant quotes many Robert Johnson songs, such as \"She studies evil all the time\", from \"Kind Hearted Woman Blues\", and \"Why don't you come on in my kitchen\", from \"Come on in My Kitchen\" (which is heard during the song's solo). \"Travelling Riverside Blues\" can be found on disc one of the \"Led Zeppelin Boxed Set\" (1990), the \"Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions\" (1997), the expanded 1993 reissue of \"Coda\" from \"The Complete Studio Recordings\" and \"Led Zeppelin Definitive Collection\" (2008) box sets, and disc one of the two companion discs of the 2015 reissue of \"Coda\". It was interest from US radio interviewers and fans during Page's \"Outrider\" tour that originally led him to negotiate with BBC Enterprises for the song's release. A promotional video clip was also released in 1990, with out-take footage from the band's 1976 concert film, \"The Song Remains the Same\" inter-spliced with other footage from the band's archive. The clip also features a railroad montage, and underwater shots of the Mississippi River. The song reached number seven on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks Top 50 chart in November 1990, culled from national album rock radio airplay reports. A verse was incorporated into Cream's \"Crossroads\", their 1968 version of Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\", uncredited. Eric Clapton re-arranged Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" during live performances with Derek & The Dominos to include the same \"squeeze (my lemon) till the juice runs down my leg\" lyrics. Most notably, the song was recorded live at the Fillmore East in New York City on October 23, 1970.", "Tommy Johnson (musician)  Tommy Johnson (January 1896November 1, 1956) was an American Delta blues musician who recorded in the late 1920s and was known for his eerie falsetto voice and intricate guitar playing. He was unrelated to the blues musician Robert Johnson. Johnson was born near Terry, Mississippi, and in about 1910 moved to Crystal Springs, where he lived for most of his life. He learned to play the guitar and, by 1914, was supplementing his income by playing at local parties with his brothers Major and LeDell. In 1916 Johnson married and moved to Webb Jennings' plantation near Drew, Mississippi, close to the Dockery Plantation. There he met other musicians, including Charlie Patton and Willie Brown. By 1920, Johnson was an itinerant musician based in Crystal Springs but traveling widely around the South, sometimes accompanied by Papa Charlie McCoy. In 1928, he made his first recordings, with McCoy, for Victor Records, including \"Canned Heat Blues\", in which he sang of drinking methanol from the cooking fuel Sterno. The song features the refrain \"canned heat, mama, sure, Lord, killing me.\" The blues group Canned Heat took their name from this song. Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" inspired Canned Heat's song \" On the Road Again\". A significantly different version of the song appears as \"Canned Heat\" on the album \"Big Road Blues\" by K. C. Douglas. Johnson recorded two further sessions, for Victor in August 1928 and for Paramount Records in December 1929. He did not record again, mistakenly believing that he had signed away his right to record. Some suggest he had been intentionally given this misimpression by people at Paramount Records. This resulted in a legal settlement with the Mississippi Sheiks, who had used the melody of Johnson's \"Big Road Blues\" in their successful \"Stop and Listen\".", "This melancholy has led to the suggestion of an Igbo origin for blues because of the reputation the Igbo had throughout plantations in the Americas for their melancholic music and outlook on life when they were enslaved. The lyrics often relate troubles experienced within African American society. For instance Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Rising High Water Blues\" (1927) tells of the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927: Although the blues gained an association with misery and oppression, the lyrics could also be humorous and raunchy: Hokum blues celebrated both comedic lyrical content and a boisterous, farcical performance style. Tampa Red's classic \"Tight Like That\" (1928) is a sly wordplay with the double meaning of being \"tight\" with someone coupled with a more salacious physical familiarity. Blues songs with sexually explicit lyrics were known as dirty blues. The lyrical content became slightly simpler in postwar blues, which tended to focus on relationship woes or sexual worries. Lyrical themes that frequently appeared in prewar blues, such as economic depression, farming, devils, gambling, magic, floods and drought, were less common in postwar blues. The writer Ed Morales claimed that Yoruba mythology played a part in early blues, citing Robert Johnson's \"Cross Road Blues\" as a \"thinly veiled reference to Eleggua, the orisha in charge of the crossroads\". However, the Christian influence was far more obvious. The repertoires of many seminal blues artists, such as Charley Patton and Skip James, included religious songs or spirituals. Reverend Gary Davis and Blind Willie Johnson are examples of artists often categorized as blues musicians for their music, although their lyrics clearly belong to spirituals. The blues form is a cyclic musical form in which a repeating progression of chords mirrors the call and response scheme commonly found in African and African-American music."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Cross Road Blues get recorded?", "answer": {"text": "Cross Road Blues\" was recorded during Johnson's third session in San Antonio, on Friday November 27, 1936.", "answer_start": 1568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is important about this song", "answer": {"text": "The songs are among Johnson's most heartfelt and forceful,", "answer_start": 1188, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is this an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Two similar takes of the song were recorded.", "answer_start": 219, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the difference between the takes", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the recording go well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the close of the San Antonio session, the darker, more apocalyptic side of Johnson's work emerges", "answer_start": 1314, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What dark sides did he have?", "answer": {"text": "... [he] evokes the themes of damnation and redemption, darkness and light ... glimpses into the musician's inner life, and all its attendant turmoils.", "answer_start": 1415, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frank Howell Seay Frank Howell Seay (born 1938) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma. Born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, Seay received a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of Oklahoma in 1961. He received a Bachelor of Laws from University of Oklahoma College of Law in 1963. He was in private practice of law in Seminole, Oklahoma from 1963 to 1966. He was the county attorney of Seminole County, Oklahoma from 1963 to 1966. He was the first assistant district attorney of 22nd Judicial District of Oklahoma from 1967 to 1968. He was an Associate judge of the District Court of Oklahoma in Seminole County from 1968 to 1974. He was a judge of the 22nd Judicial District Court of Oklahoma from 1974 to 1979. Seay was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on September 28, 1979, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma vacated by Judge Joseph Wilson Morris. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on October 31, 1979, and received his commission on November 2, 1979. He served as Chief Judge from 1980 to 1996. He assumed senior status on September 25, 2003. Seay was instrumental in reversing the miscarriages of justice that led to the convictions of Ronald Keith Williamson and Dennis Fritz for the murder of Debbie Carter in Ada, Oklahoma, events that were documented in John Grisham's non-fiction book \"\". He is quoted as attaching to an epilogue of his legal opinion: \"God help us, if ever in this great country we turn our heads while people who have not had fair trials are executed. That almost happened in this case\". Seay's paternal grandfather was a full-blooded Native American. Seay did not discover his Native American heritage, likely Cherokee, until after he was appointed to the federal bench.", "\" Oklahoma initially won the 1972 title, but after it was found that they used ineligible players, they were penalized by the NCAA, though they did not force OU to forfeit games. The Big Eight asked them to forfeit three games and awarded the title to Nebraska, but Oklahoma still claims these wins and this title.\" The following is a complete list of the 100 AIAW, NCAA and college football championships won by teams that were representing the Big Eight Conference in NCAA- or AIAW-recognized sports at the time of the championship. Football (11): 1950 \u2013 Oklahoma 1955 \u2013 Oklahoma 1956 \u2013 Oklahoma 1970 \u2013 Nebraska 1971 \u2013 Nebraska 1974 \u2013 Oklahoma 1975 \u2013 Oklahoma 1985 \u2013 Oklahoma 1990 \u2013 Colorado 1994 \u2013 Nebraska 1995 \u2013 Nebraska  Baseball (4): 1951 \u2013 Oklahoma 1954 \u2013 Missouri 1959 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1994 \u2013 Oklahoma  Men's basketball (2): 1952 \u2013 Kansas 1988 \u2013 Kansas Men's Cross Country (3):<br> 1953 \u2013 Kansas 1989 \u2013 Iowa State 1994 \u2013 Iowa State Women's Cross Country (5): 1975 \u2013 Iowa State 1976 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Iowa State 1978 \u2013 Iowa State 1981 \u2013 Iowa State Men's golf (9): 1963 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1976 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1980 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1983 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1987 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1989 \u2013 Oklahoma 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1995 \u2013 Oklahoma State Men's gymnastics (14): 1971 \u2013 Iowa State 1973 \u2013 Iowa State 1974 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Oklahoma 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma 1979 \u2013 Nebraska 1980 \u2013 Nebraska 1981 \u2013 Nebraska 1982 \u2013 Nebraska 1983 \u2013 Nebraska 1988 \u2013 Nebraska 1990 \u2013 Nebraska 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma 1994 \u2013 Nebraska Men's/", "Bernice Shedrick Mary Bernice Shedrick (born August 9, 1940) is a politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Shedrick represented Oklahoma State Senate District 21 from 1980 to 1996. In 1994 she was a candidate for Governor of Oklahoma. Shedrick is now a part-time Administrative Law Judge in Payne and Logan counties and is a member of the Oklahoma Ethics Commission. Shedrick was born in Chickasha, Oklahoma on August 9, 1940 to parents Irene May Williams-Link and Arthur Cole Link, Sr. Her father died when she was only 11 years old and her mother passed two years later. Shedrick's oldest brother's wife stayed with the siblings while her husband was overseas for the Korean War. The four siblings were later separated, all living with different family members. Shedrick moved with her older brother and wife to Wynnewood, Oklahoma. They later moved to Norman, OK where Shedrick met her husband. The two were married for 32 years then divorced in 1995, yet remained close friends until his death in 2006. Shedrick earned both her bachelor's and master's degrees from Oklahoma State University. Shedrick taught in the Stillwater Public School system from 1969 to 1980 before running for a seat in the state senate. Elected in 1980, Shedrick was only the third woman to serve in the Oklahoma Senate. While serving in the Senate, Shedrick earned her juris doctorate from the Oklahoma City University School of Law. In 1996 Shedrick was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame. Shedrick focused on education during her time in the Senate. She served as primary author on HB 1017, also known as the Oklahoma Educational Reform Act, which was signed into law by Governor Henry Bellmon in April 1990. She was also an original author of HB 1286 which established the Oklahoma School of Science and Mathematics in 1983.", "Oklahoma Legislature The Legislature of the State of Oklahoma is the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate are the two houses that make up the bicameral state legislature. There are 101 state representatives, each serving a two-year term, and 48 state senators, who serve four-year terms that are staggered so only half of the Oklahoma Senate districts are eligible in each election year. Legislators are elected directly by the people from single member districts of equal population. The Oklahoma Legislature meets annually in the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma Constitution vests all legislative powers of the state government in the state legislature, which exercises legislative power by enacting Oklahoma law. The legislature may legislate on any subject and has certain \"necessary and proper\" powers as may be required for carrying into effect the provisions of the Oklahoma Constitution. The powers of the legislature are only limited by the powers reserved to the people, namely initiative and referendum. The Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives are co-equal houses, but each chamber has exclusive powers. The Oklahoma Senate's advice and consent is required for gubernatorial appointments to high-level executive positions. Bills for raising revenue may only originate in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Bills approved by the legislature must be sent to the Governor of Oklahoma for approval. Prior to 1907 statehood, Oklahoma Territory had the Oklahoma Territorial Legislature that met in Guthrie, Oklahoma. Upon statehood, the Oklahoma Constitution established the Oklahoma Legislature. The 1st Oklahoma Legislature met in the Guthrie City Hall Building and elected William H. Murray as the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The first three staff members appointed by Murray were a Union veteran, a Confederate veteran, and an African-American man, Jim Noble.", "37th Oklahoma Legislature The Thirty-seventh Oklahoma Legislature was a meeting of the legislative branch of the government of Oklahoma, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Oklahoma City from January 2 to July 2, 1979, from January 8 to June 16, 1980, and from July 7 to 11, 1980, during the term of Governor George Nigh. The 1980 session was marked by the elimination of the Legislative Council, the Nursing Reform Act and the implementation of teacher testing and professional development. Lieutenant Governor Spencer Bernard served as the President of the Senate. Gene C. Howard served as the President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate and Daniel Draper served as the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Frank Keating served as the leader of the state senate Republican caucus and Neal McCaleb served as the leader of the Republican caucus in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Previous: 36th Legislature \u2022 Next: 38th Legislature   In Oklahoma, the lieutenant governor serves as President of the Oklahoma Senate, which gives he or she the authority to preside over the chamber and break tie votes. Lieutenant Governor Spencer Bernard served in the role in the 37th Oklahoma Legislature. Gene C. Howard served as President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate, who is the Senate leader elected by state senators. Daniel Draper served as the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Mike Murphy served as the Speaker Pro Tempore. Frank Keating served as the Republican Minority leader of the Oklahoma Senate. Representative Neal McCaleb served as the Republican Minority leader of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Table based on 2005 state almanac."], "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#1", "question": "was it successful?", "rewrite": "was James Hammerstein's production at the Haymarket Theatre successful?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["James Hammerstein  Hammerstein was the son of Oscar Hammerstein II, and his Australian-born second wife, Dorothy Kiaora Blanchard. He had four half-siblings, two through each of his parents' earlier marriages: William and Alice Hammerstein, and Henry and Susan Jacobson. The best known of these was Susan, whose husbands included Henry Fonda and Richard Widmark. Hammerstein attended George School in Newtown, Pennsylvania, where he met fellow student Stephen Sondheim. He began his Broadway career as a stage manager, notably for shows such as \"South Pacific\", \"Me and Juliet\", and \"Flower Drum Song\", all co-written by his father Oscar Hammerstein II and Richard Rodgers. The first play he produced was \"Blue Denim\", by James Leo Herlihy and William Noble, and the first play he directed was the comedy \"Absence of a Cello\" in 1964. The \"New York Times\" wrote: \"James Hammerstein has staged the piece with a great deal of verve.\" His other directing credits include \"The Indian Wants the Bronx\", \"Wise Child\" and \"Butley\". Hammerstein directed the New York City Opera production of \"The Sound of Music\" in 1990. He co-directed the Rodgers and Hammerstein stage musical \"State Fair\" in 1996. Among the other Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals he directed were \"Oklahoma!\" (London and Australia), \"The King and I\" (Tel Aviv, US and UK tours), and \"Carousel\". For many years he directed staged readings of notable playwrights, such as Jeff Wanshel, Ron Cowan, and Werner Liepolt as \"American Triptych,\" under the auspices of George White and Lloyd Richards' National Playwrights Conference at the O'Neill Memorial Theater Center in Waterford,", "As Lily has had to leave, Jeanie stands in for her as Juliet, while Larry sings the part of Me in the scene, as the curtain falls (\"Finale of Our Play\"). The cast consisted mostly of unknowns, though Isabel Bigley, who had just originated Sister Sarah Brown in \"Guys and Dolls\", was given the leading role of chorus girl Jeanie. For Larry, the assistant stage manager who falls in love with Jeanie, they cast Bill Hayes, a well-known stage and television actor. William Tabbert, the original Lt. Joe Cable in \"South Pacific\" was considered for the part of Larry, but lost out because he was thought to be too tall to be afraid of Mark Dawson, hired as the towering bully Bob. Chorus auditions began March 10, 1953 at Broadway's Majestic Theatre; Rodgers, Hammerstein, and Abbott listened to more than 1,000 people. Rehearsals opened at the Majestic for principals and the Alvin Theatre for dancers. According to Saul Pett, a freelance reporter who was allowed to observe the rehearsals, \"everyone seems relaxed except Hammerstein. \" The lyricist's son James served as second assistant stage manager. James Hammerstein remembered having a difficult relationship with Rodgers; the composer suggested James do his work from front of house, rather than from backstage. \"I think he thought it was his show and his bailiwick. Why should a Hammerstein be back there?\" James Hammerstein found the lead female dancer attractive, and asked her out. Just before the date, Rodgers fired her, telling James Hammerstein to break the news. Pett recorded the technical problems which had to be solved to accomplish the complex staging: During the rehearsals, the duo took out two production numbers, \"Wake Up, Little Theatre\" and \"Dance\", concerned that the show was running long.", "The following year, James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980, produced by Cameron Mackintosh. The De Mille choreography was again adapted by de Lappe. A UK tour followed, and it eventually settled in the West End, opening at the Palace Theatre, London, on September 17, 1980, and running until September 19, 1981. This production starred John Diedrich as Curly and Alfred Molina as Jud Fry, both of whom were nominated for Olivier Awards. Rosamund Shelley played Laurey, and Madge Ryan was Aunt Eller. The production was Maria Friedman's debut in the West End, initially in the chorus role of Doris, but she was eventually promoted to the leading role. John Owen Edwards was the musical director. He would later reprise his work for Mackintosh's 1998 London revival. A cast recording of this production was issued by JAY Records and on the Showtime! label. A new production of the musical was presented by the National Theatre in London at the Olivier Theatre, opening on July 15, 1998. The production team included Trevor Nunn (director), Susan Stroman (choreographer) and William David Brohn (orchestrator). The international cast included Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley as Jud Fry, Vicki Simon as Ado Annie, Peter Polycarpou as Ali Hakim and Jimmy Johnston as Will Parker. Musical director John Owen Edwards, Brohn and dance arranger David Krane adapted Robert Russell Bennett's original orchestrations and extended some of the dance sequences. A brand new Dream Ballet was composed for Susan Stroman's new choreography and the dances to \"Kansas City\", \"Many a New Day\" and \"The Farmer and the Cowman\" were all radically redesigned.", "Leicester Haymarket Theatre The Leicester Haymarket Theatre is a theatre in Leicester, England, based next to the Haymarket Shopping Centre on Belgrave Gate in Leicester City centre. The Haymarket Theatre was opened by Sir Ralph Richardson and the opening season started with \"The Recruiting Officer\" on 17 October 1973, \"Economic Necessity\" on 24 October and \"Cabaret\" on 21 November. Leicester City Council purchased a 99-year lease of the theatre in 1974. Between 1974 and 2007 the theatre was operated by The Leicester Theatre Trust. The trust vacated the theatre in 2007 when it moved to the newly built Curve Theatre, Leicester in Leicester\u2019s Cultural Quarter. The last show held here by the Leicester Theatre Trust was \"Wizard of Oz\" starring Helena Blackman and Ceri Dupree in 2006. The theatre was closed in 2007 and would remain so for the next 10 years. In June 2016 the management of the theatre was taken over by an organisation known as the Haymarket Consortium who undertook that it would be re-opened as a performance, training and e-sports venue. The theatre was re-opened for performances on 2 March 2017 and a formal opening ceremony took place later that year. The \"Metal Tree\" sculpture by Hubert Dalwood, located at the front of the entrance to the Haymarket Theatre, was the only major piece of abstract sculpture in the city centre for many years. It was unveiled in 1974.", "Geraldine Sherman Geraldine Sherman (born Geraldine Judith Schoenmann on 20 October 1940, Staines, Middlesex, England) is a British actress and writer, now known as theatre producer Dena Hammerstein since becoming the third wife of James Hammerstein then after his death becoming President/CEO of James Hammerstein Productions Ltd.  Her parents were refugees from Czechoslovakia. Her father Kurt Wilhelm Schoenmann was born in Teplitz in Bohemia in 1915, married Edith Peller, came to Britain to escape Nazi persecution, but was interned in March 1940 because his nationality was Austrian, then transported to Australia on the infamous 1940 \"Dunera\" voyage, and held in Loveday and Tatura internment camps until 1942. Notes:<br> \"When It's Over\", by Geraldine Sherman and Eduardo Machado:  \"Thin Ice\", 1995 film   Dena Hammerstein worked as a volunteer in New York City hospitals for over 15 years, and in 2003 received the United Hospital Funds New Leadership Group\u2019s Humanitarian Award. She is Founder of Only Make Believe, a non-profit organisation that creates and performs interactive theatre for children in hospitals and care facilities, inspired by her early work as an actress in the UK touring special-needs schools. In 1970, a choreographer friend invited her to holiday in New York where she met Jamie Hammerstein. Married theatre director James Hammerstein who directed her in \"Butley\", and has one son Simon Hammerstein (born 1977)."], "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#2", "question": "What happened after that?", "rewrite": "What happened after the Olivier Award nominations?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edmundson's adaptation of \"Coram Boy\" premiered at the National Theatre in November 2005, starring Olivier Award-winner Bertie Carvel and Tony Award-nominee Paul Ritter ; Edmundson received a Time Out Award and was nominated for an Olivier Award. The play came back for a revival at the same venue a year later, again starring Carvel. Her adaptation of \"Orestes\", toured in the UK and played at the Tricycle Theatre with Shared Experience in 2006. \"Coram Boy\" was revived at the Imperial Theatre on Broadway in 2007, starring Emmy Award-winner Uzo Aduba and Tony Award-nominee Jan Maxwell, receiving six Tony Award nominations. In 2008, Edmundson amended her adaptation of \"War and Peace\", turning it into a two-part play; this production was staged on tour by Shared Experience. In the same year, her musical adaptation of \"Zorro\" was produced at the Garrick Theatre, starring Olivier Award-winner Lesli Margherita and Olivier Award-nominee Emma Williams; Edmundson was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best New Musical. In 2009, Edmundson's adaptation of \"Life Is a Dream\" was produced at the Donmar Warehouse, starring BAFTA Award-winner Dominic West. In 2010, Edmundson's musical adaptation of \"Swallows and Amazons\" was first produced at the Bristol Old Vic, directed by Tony Award-winner Tom Morris. The next year, the show transferred to the Vaudeville Theatre; the play was nominated for an Evening Standard Theatre Award. Edmundson took part in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project \"Sixty-Six Books\", for which artists wrote a piece based upon a book of the King James Bible; Edmundson wrote a piece entitled \"In the night, a promise\", based on \"Zephaniah\".", "Encouraged by an elocution teacher at her school, Staunton auditioned for drama schools and got into the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) at the age of 18. She also auditioned for the Central School of Speech and Drama and Guildhall School of Music and Drama, but was rejected by both schools. Staunton graduated from RADA in 1976, then spent six years in English repertory theatre, including a period at the Northcott Theatre, Exeter, where she had the title role in Shaw's \"Saint Joan\" (1979). She then moved on to roles the National Theatre, including Lucy Lockit in \"The Beggar's Opera\" (1982), which earned her Olivier Award nominations for Best Actress in a Musical and Most Promising Newcomer of the Year in Theatre. She also appeared in two revivals of \"Guys and Dolls\" at the National Theatre; the first in 1982 in which she met her husband Jim Carter and the second in 1996 in which she played Miss Adelaide and was nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical. In 1985, Staunton won her first Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role for her work in both \"The Corn Is Green\" and at The Old Vic and \"A Chorus of Disapproval\" at the National Theatre. She also played Dorothy in the Royal Shakespeare Company's 1987 revival of \"The Wizard of Oz\" at the Barbican Centre, which earned her another Olivier nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. Staunton won her first Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for playing the Baker's Wife in the original London production of \"Into the Woods\" (1990).", "Sergio Trujillo Sergio Trujillo is a dancer and stage choreographer. Born in Colombia, raised in Canada and an American citizen who lives in New York City. Trujillo was the recipient of the 2015 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Theatre Choreographer for \"Memphis\" and the 2019 Tony Award for Best Choreography for \"Ain't Too Proud\". Trujillo was born in Cali, Colombia and moved to Canada with his family at age 12. He was raised in North York, a suburb of Toronto. Trujillo studied sciences at the University of Toronto and also attended chiropractic school but left to pursue a dance career. Trujillo explained his desire to be a choreographer: \"I knew that \"Fosse\" was going to be my last show. What started to happen was that I began feeling restricted, bound and suffocated by somebody else\u2019s work. I didn\u2019t get to express myself, and I needed to do something about it.\" In 2011, Trujillo had the honor of having four shows simultaneously running on Broadway; Tony Award winning Best Musical \"Memphis\" (Olivier Award, Outer Critics Circle Award, Drama Desk and Astaire Award nominations), Tony and Olivier Award winning Best Musical \"Jersey Boys\" (Greenroom Award, Olivier, Drama Desk, Dora, Outer Critics Circle Award nominations), \"The Addams Family\", and \"Next to Normal\", the recipient of the 2010 Pulitzer Prize. Trujillo made his Broadway debut as a performer in \"Jerome Robbins' Broadway\" in 1989 and also appeared in \"Guys and Dolls\" (1992), \"Victor/Victoria\" (1998) and \"Fosse\" (1999). He made his choreographic debut with \"All Shook Up\" in 2005. That same year he choreographed \"Jersey Boys\" on Broadway.", "Olivier Award for Set Design \"Oklahoma!\" (1996) Olivier Award for Costume Design \"Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream\", \"La Grande Magia\" & \"The Way of the World \" Nominations include:  Olivier Award Nomination:  (2006) for Best Costume Design \"Mary Stuart\" (2003) Best Set Design for \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" (2002) Best Set & Costume Design for \"My Fair Lady\"  (1995) Best Set Design for \"The Tempest\"  (1994) Best Set & Costume Design for \"The Winter\u2019s Tale\" Tony Award Nominations: (2007/8) \"Macbeth\" Set design  ( 2004/05) Set Design \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" (1995/96) Set design \"A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream\" Drama Desk Award Nominations: (2004/2005) Outstanding Set and Costume Design for \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\", (2001/2002) Outstanding Set Design for \"Oklahoma!' Evening Standard Award Nominations: (2007) Best Set Design for \"Macbeth\".", "David Hare (playwright) Sir David Hare (born 5 June 1947) is an English playwright, screenwriter and theatre and film director. Best known for his stage work, Hare has also enjoyed great success with films, receiving two Academy Award nominations for Best Adapted Screenplay for writing \"The Hours\"\" \"in 2002, based on the novel written by Michael Cunningham, and \"The Reader\"\" \"in 2008, based on the novel of the same name written by Bernhard Schlink. In the West End, he had his greatest success with the plays\" Plenty\", which he adapted into a film starring Meryl Streep in 1985, \"Racing Demon\" (1990), \"Skylight\" (1997), and \"Amy's View\" (1998). The four plays ran on Broadway in 1982\u201383, 1996, 1998 and 1999 respectively, earning Hare three Tony Award nominations for Best Play for the first three and two Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play. Other notable projects on stage include \"A Map of the World\", \"Pravda\", \"Murmuring Judges\", \"The Absence of War\" and \"The Vertical Hour\". He wrote screenplays for films including \"The Hours\" (2002) and \"The Reader\" (2008) and the BBC dramas \"Page Eight\" (2011) and \"Collateral\" (2018). As at 2013, Hare has received two Academy Award nominations, three Golden Globe Award nominations, three Tony Award nominations and has won a BAFTA Award, a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and two Laurence Olivier Awards. He has also been awarded several critics' awards such as the New York Drama Critics Circle Award, and received the Golden Bear in 1985. He was knighted in 1998."], "answer": {"text": "supporting actor (Hensley), set design (Anthony Ward)", "answer_start": 159}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#3", "question": "who else was in it?", "rewrite": "who else other than Hensley and Anthony Ward was in the production by James Hammerstein at the Haymarket Theatre in January 1980?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The following year, James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980, produced by Cameron Mackintosh. The De Mille choreography was again adapted by de Lappe. A UK tour followed, and it eventually settled in the West End, opening at the Palace Theatre, London, on September 17, 1980, and running until September 19, 1981. This production starred John Diedrich as Curly and Alfred Molina as Jud Fry, both of whom were nominated for Olivier Awards. Rosamund Shelley played Laurey, and Madge Ryan was Aunt Eller. The production was Maria Friedman's debut in the West End, initially in the chorus role of Doris, but she was eventually promoted to the leading role. John Owen Edwards was the musical director. He would later reprise his work for Mackintosh's 1998 London revival. A cast recording of this production was issued by JAY Records and on the Showtime! label. A new production of the musical was presented by the National Theatre in London at the Olivier Theatre, opening on July 15, 1998. The production team included Trevor Nunn (director), Susan Stroman (choreographer) and William David Brohn (orchestrator). The international cast included Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley as Jud Fry, Vicki Simon as Ado Annie, Peter Polycarpou as Ali Hakim and Jimmy Johnston as Will Parker. Musical director John Owen Edwards, Brohn and dance arranger David Krane adapted Robert Russell Bennett's original orchestrations and extended some of the dance sequences. A brand new Dream Ballet was composed for Susan Stroman's new choreography and the dances to \"Kansas City\", \"Many a New Day\" and \"The Farmer and the Cowman\" were all radically redesigned.", "James Hammerstein  Hammerstein was the son of Oscar Hammerstein II, and his Australian-born second wife, Dorothy Kiaora Blanchard. He had four half-siblings, two through each of his parents' earlier marriages: William and Alice Hammerstein, and Henry and Susan Jacobson. The best known of these was Susan, whose husbands included Henry Fonda and Richard Widmark. Hammerstein attended George School in Newtown, Pennsylvania, where he met fellow student Stephen Sondheim. He began his Broadway career as a stage manager, notably for shows such as \"South Pacific\", \"Me and Juliet\", and \"Flower Drum Song\", all co-written by his father Oscar Hammerstein II and Richard Rodgers. The first play he produced was \"Blue Denim\", by James Leo Herlihy and William Noble, and the first play he directed was the comedy \"Absence of a Cello\" in 1964. The \"New York Times\" wrote: \"James Hammerstein has staged the piece with a great deal of verve.\" His other directing credits include \"The Indian Wants the Bronx\", \"Wise Child\" and \"Butley\". Hammerstein directed the New York City Opera production of \"The Sound of Music\" in 1990. He co-directed the Rodgers and Hammerstein stage musical \"State Fair\" in 1996. Among the other Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals he directed were \"Oklahoma!\" (London and Australia), \"The King and I\" (Tel Aviv, US and UK tours), and \"Carousel\". For many years he directed staged readings of notable playwrights, such as Jeff Wanshel, Ron Cowan, and Werner Liepolt as \"American Triptych,\" under the auspices of George White and Lloyd Richards' National Playwrights Conference at the O'Neill Memorial Theater Center in Waterford,", "Geraldine Sherman Geraldine Sherman (born Geraldine Judith Schoenmann on 20 October 1940, Staines, Middlesex, England) is a British actress and writer, now known as theatre producer Dena Hammerstein since becoming the third wife of James Hammerstein then after his death becoming President/CEO of James Hammerstein Productions Ltd.  Her parents were refugees from Czechoslovakia. Her father Kurt Wilhelm Schoenmann was born in Teplitz in Bohemia in 1915, married Edith Peller, came to Britain to escape Nazi persecution, but was interned in March 1940 because his nationality was Austrian, then transported to Australia on the infamous 1940 \"Dunera\" voyage, and held in Loveday and Tatura internment camps until 1942. Notes:<br> \"When It's Over\", by Geraldine Sherman and Eduardo Machado:  \"Thin Ice\", 1995 film   Dena Hammerstein worked as a volunteer in New York City hospitals for over 15 years, and in 2003 received the United Hospital Funds New Leadership Group\u2019s Humanitarian Award. She is Founder of Only Make Believe, a non-profit organisation that creates and performs interactive theatre for children in hospitals and care facilities, inspired by her early work as an actress in the UK touring special-needs schools. In 1970, a choreographer friend invited her to holiday in New York where she met Jamie Hammerstein. Married theatre director James Hammerstein who directed her in \"Butley\", and has one son Simon Hammerstein (born 1977).", "As Lily has had to leave, Jeanie stands in for her as Juliet, while Larry sings the part of Me in the scene, as the curtain falls (\"Finale of Our Play\"). The cast consisted mostly of unknowns, though Isabel Bigley, who had just originated Sister Sarah Brown in \"Guys and Dolls\", was given the leading role of chorus girl Jeanie. For Larry, the assistant stage manager who falls in love with Jeanie, they cast Bill Hayes, a well-known stage and television actor. William Tabbert, the original Lt. Joe Cable in \"South Pacific\" was considered for the part of Larry, but lost out because he was thought to be too tall to be afraid of Mark Dawson, hired as the towering bully Bob. Chorus auditions began March 10, 1953 at Broadway's Majestic Theatre; Rodgers, Hammerstein, and Abbott listened to more than 1,000 people. Rehearsals opened at the Majestic for principals and the Alvin Theatre for dancers. According to Saul Pett, a freelance reporter who was allowed to observe the rehearsals, \"everyone seems relaxed except Hammerstein. \" The lyricist's son James served as second assistant stage manager. James Hammerstein remembered having a difficult relationship with Rodgers; the composer suggested James do his work from front of house, rather than from backstage. \"I think he thought it was his show and his bailiwick. Why should a Hammerstein be back there?\" James Hammerstein found the lead female dancer attractive, and asked her out. Just before the date, Rodgers fired her, telling James Hammerstein to break the news. Pett recorded the technical problems which had to be solved to accomplish the complex staging: During the rehearsals, the duo took out two production numbers, \"Wake Up, Little Theatre\" and \"Dance\", concerned that the show was running long.", "Leicester Haymarket Theatre The Leicester Haymarket Theatre is a theatre in Leicester, England, based next to the Haymarket Shopping Centre on Belgrave Gate in Leicester City centre. The Haymarket Theatre was opened by Sir Ralph Richardson and the opening season started with \"The Recruiting Officer\" on 17 October 1973, \"Economic Necessity\" on 24 October and \"Cabaret\" on 21 November. Leicester City Council purchased a 99-year lease of the theatre in 1974. Between 1974 and 2007 the theatre was operated by The Leicester Theatre Trust. The trust vacated the theatre in 2007 when it moved to the newly built Curve Theatre, Leicester in Leicester\u2019s Cultural Quarter. The last show held here by the Leicester Theatre Trust was \"Wizard of Oz\" starring Helena Blackman and Ceri Dupree in 2006. The theatre was closed in 2007 and would remain so for the next 10 years. In June 2016 the management of the theatre was taken over by an organisation known as the Haymarket Consortium who undertook that it would be re-opened as a performance, training and e-sports venue. The theatre was re-opened for performances on 2 March 2017 and a formal opening ceremony took place later that year. The \"Metal Tree\" sculpture by Hubert Dalwood, located at the front of the entrance to the Haymarket Theatre, was the only major piece of abstract sculpture in the city centre for many years. It was unveiled in 1974."], "answer": {"text": "Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley", "answer_start": 1194}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "supporting actor (Hensley), set design (Anthony Ward)", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#4", "question": "did they have any problem with production?", "rewrite": "did the production team have any problem with production?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To portray the tunnel the bus travelled into, the Queen's Gate Tunnel of the A4232 road in Butetown was closed for four nights to accommodate filming. The last major piece of filming in Wales took place in the closed Mir (formerly Alphasteel) steelworks in Newport, which doubled almost unaltered for the Tritovore spaceship. Scenes set in London's Oxford Street were filmed at St Mary Street, Cardiff. Filming took place at the peak of the February 2009 Great Britain snowfall, where the sub-zero temperatures slowed filming and had a visible effect on the cast. To accommodate for the adverse conditions, Davies included a line in the script that specified that the Tritovore spaceship cooled as external temperatures increase. Filming in Dubai took place in mid-February 2009. Two weeks previously, one of the two 1980 Bristol VR double-decker buses bought for filming had been substantially damaged when a crane accidentally dropped a container in Dubai City Port. After an emergency discussion by the production team, they agreed that the damage was unintentionally artistic and decided to include the damaged bus in the episode; instead of shipping the spare bus from Cardiff\u2014which would have delayed the already hurried filming schedule\u2014the production team decided to partially reconstruct the bus in Dubai, damage the spare bus in Cardiff to match the bus in Dubai, and rewrite part of the script to accommodate and mention the damage to the bus. James Strong recalled the reaction of the production team to the damage to the bus in an issue of \"Doctor Who Magazine\": The damaged bus was not the only problem to filming in Dubai: the first of the three days was afflicted by a sandstorm which left most of the footage shot unusable. The production team then struggled to complete three days of filming in two days; the last day was compared to \"filming \"Lawrence of Arabia\"\".", "The Inn (TV program)  The Inn (Chinese: \u4eb2\u7231\u7684\u00b7\u5ba2\u6808) is a Chinese variety show aired on Hunan Broadcasting Station. In the variety show, a couple will manage an inn with a company of friends as guest for 20 days. The Inn shared the same production team with another variety show by Hunan Broadcasting System, Divas Hits The Road. The Inn focuses on the hospitality of two innocent couples towards their friends (guest) who spent 20 days running the inn together, and opening up to each other by sharing stories of their lives and their own past. On certain episodes, the production team invites mysterious guests as \"volunteers\" and the former will work together with the five \"masters\" in the show. Once guests have checked into the inn, the production team will give each of them a star, and guests will vote for one of their favorite employees from among the three at the end of their stay. In season 2, the only difference is the cast & new location of Arxan Mongolia. The Inn was successfully proposed on August 3, 2017, and the site of recording was confirmed on August 18. On September 10, principal photography started at the Lugu Lake Scenic Area of Liangshan in Sichuan Province. Filming was completed on September 30, with duration that took less than two months to be completed. The show broadcast was the succeeder for the time slot for \"Chinese Restaurant\" on Hunan Broadcasting System, and broadcast every Saturday at 22:00 since October 7, 2017. The production team employed a surveillance photography-based approach whereby the team installed 72 monitoring booths and another 16 motorized hidden cameras around the inn. Production team for The Inn doesn't provide the cast members with clear-cut instructions and missions, resulting in a largely unscripted show. The production team adopted a 24-hour non-interference shooting mode, recording all the details of the cast members.", "Production team A production team is the group of technical staff who produce a play, television show, recording, or film. Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating of a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertize is required, or how long they are involved in the project. For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team includes not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers and theatre direction. A production company in filmmaking is composed of a film crew and a television crew in video production. In music, the term \"production team\" typically refers to a group of individuals filling the role of \"record producer\" usually reserved for one individual. Some examples of musical production teams include Matmos and D-Influence.", "Production company A production company, production house, production studio, or a production team provides the physical basis for works in the realms of the performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, and video. Production teams are a group of technical staff who produce the media. Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating of a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project. For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team includes not only the running crew, but also the theatrical producer, designers and theatre direction. The production company may be directly responsible for fundraising the production or may accomplish this through a parent company, partner, or private investor. It handles budgeting, scheduling, scripting, the supply with talent and resources, the organization of staff, the production itself, post-production, distribution, and marketing. Production companies are often either owned or under contract with a media conglomerate, film studio, entertainment company, or Motion Picture Company, who act as the \"production company\"'s partner or parent company. This has become known as the \"studio system\". Independent studios usually prefer \"production house\" (see Lionsgate), and sometimes as a \"production studio\" or \"production team\" (see Amazon Studios or Rooster Teeth). In the case of television, a production company would serve under a television network. Production companies can work together in co-productions. In music, the term production team typically refers to a group of individuals filling the role of \"record producer\" usually reserved for one individual. Some examples of musical production teams include Matmos and D-Influence  Entertainment companies operate as mini conglomerates, operating many divisions or subsidiaries in many different industries. Warner Bros. Entertainment and Lionsgate Entertainment are two companies with this corporate structure.", "From 2 to 3 August, service tunnels in the basement of a hospital in Cardiff were used for the basement of Henrik's where Rose is menaced by Autons. The pizza restaurant is La Fosse. It took the production team a while to find a restaurant that would require minimal set dressing but would be willing to close for a day. The team filmed at La Fosse on 22 August. The area underneath the London Eye where the Doctor and Rose confront the Nestene Consciousness was filmed in an unused paper mill in Grangetown, Cardiff. It underwent steam cleaning because there were such high health and safety concerns. They were only permitted to film for three days, which required that some of the sequence be cut: originally, there was to be another Auton Mickey involved. Filming took place at the paper mill from 23 to 25 August. The scene where Rose joins the Doctor is at St David's Market, filmed on 26 August. The production team sought to film the Cardiff scenes in secrecy, but the day before they began the Cardiff Council issued a press release naming the streets where they would be filming. Studio filming principally took place in August and September in the Newport warehouse Unit Q2. The lift movement was recorded at Broadcasting House, Cardiff on 11 September. Special effects producer Mike Tucker was reminded of the James Bond film \"The Man with the Golden Gun\" when reading the scene in which the Nestene's lair is blown up, and sought to display it as a major effect. The production team built a one-sixth scale model of the paper mill where the explosions were filmed. Tucker did a model explosion for the destruction of Henrik's as well, although that was only for the roof; the rest was done by CGI. The production team considered doing the explosion practically, but that would have been too expensive."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "supporting actor (Hensley), set design (Anthony Ward)", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who else was in it?", "answer": {"text": "Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley", "answer_start": 1194, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#5", "question": "did they win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did the production win any Olivier Awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Katori Hall Katori Hall (born May 10, 1981) is an American playwright, journalist, and actress from Memphis, Tennessee. Hall graduated from Columbia University in 2003 with a major in African-American Studies and Creative Writing. She was awarded top departmental honors from the university's Institute for Research in African-American Studies (IRAAS). In 2005, she graduated from the American Repertory Theater's Institute for Advanced Theater Training at Harvard University with a Master of Fine Arts in Acting, and graduated from the Juilliard School's Lila Acheson Wallace playwriting program in 2009. Her play \"The Mountaintop\", about Martin Luther King, Jr.'s last night before his assassination, premiered in London in 2009 to great critical acclaim. After a sell-out run at Theatre 503, the play transferred to the Trafalgar Studios in the West End. The production was directed by James Dacre and featured British actors David Harewood and Lorraine Burroughs. Harewood was nominated for Best Actor in the \"Evening Standard\" and WhatsOnStage Awards and Burroughs for Best Actress in the Olivier Awards. The production was also nominated for Best New Play in the Olivier and WhatsOnStage Awards and Most Promising Playwright in the \"Evening Standard\" Awards. Hall won the best new play award at the Laurence Olivier Awards in March 2010 for \"The Mountaintop. \" The win made her the first black woman in history to win the Olivier Award for Best New Play. In September 2011, \"The Mountaintop\" opened on Broadway starring Samuel L. Jackson as Dr. Martin Luther King and Angela Bassett as a mysterious maid. It attracted both praise and controversy. In January 2011 during the extension of the show, lead producers Jean Doumanian and Sonia Friedman announced that \"The Mountaintop\" had recouped its entire capitalization of $3.1 million.", "2018 Laurence Olivier Awards The 2018 Laurence Olivier Awards was held on 8 April 2018 at the Royal Albert Hall, London. The ceremony was hosted by comedian and actress Catherine Tate. \"Hamilton\" was nominated for a record 13 awards, ultimately claiming seven awards. Any new production that opened between 22 February 2017 and 21 February 2018 in a theatre represented in the membership of the Society of London Theatre is eligible for consideration, provided it has performed at least 30 performances. The nominations were announced on 6 March 2018 in 25 categories. The following productions received multiple awards:   \"Hamilton\" matched the record set by \"Matilda the Musical\" in the 2012 ceremony by winning 7 Olivier Awards, including Best New Musical. The following productions, including one opera, received multiple nominations: \"Hamilton\" broke the record for most nominations by a single production with 13 nominations. This title was previously held by \"Harry Potter and the Cursed Child\" at the 2017 ceremony and \"Hairspray\" at the 2008 ceremony; both received 11 nominations.", "At the 2014 Olivier Awards, Sonia Friedman Productions made Olivier Awards history by winning the most awards for any producer and for winning prizes for Best New Play (\"Chimerica\"), Best New Musical \"(The Book of Mormon\"), Best Play Revival (\"Ghosts\") and Best Musical Revival (\"Merrily We Roll Along\"). Friedman was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to theatre. In 2017, Friedman won producer of the year at The Stage Awards for a third year (becoming the first person to win the award three times, and was listed as no. 1 on The Stage power list, the second solo female to hold this position in the award's history and becoming the first person to top the list that wasn't a theatre owner. SFP productions and co-productions received an unprecedented 31 nominations in the 2017 Olivier Awards \u2013 including a record-breaking 11 for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child \u2013 the most nominated new play in Olivier history. The show went on to win 9 Olivier Awards \u2013 the most ever for one production. In 2018, Friedman was awarded the Equity Services to Theatre Award at the 18th Annual WhatsOnStage Awards, and was featured in Time Magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World. In 2015, Sonia Friedman Productions co-produced two television dramas, the BAFTA Nominated \"The Dresser\" which aired on BBC Two and directly followed after SFP's partnership with Playground Entertainment on the six-part mini-series adaptation of Hilary Mantel's 'Wolf Hall' which also aired on BBC Two in January 2015 and won two BAFTA Television Awards in 2016. Following is a selection of the awards won by Sonia Friedman and SFP's productions or co-productions. She is the younger sister of director/actress/singer Maria Friedman, violinist Richard Friedman and Dr Sarah Beecham.", "The venue most associated with the Awards is Grosvenor House Hotel, which has housed the after-show reception nine times and hosted the whole event on four further occasions. As well as at the Grosvenor, the presentations have been held at: Victoria Palace, Lyceum, National Theatre Olivier, Albery (now No\u00ebl Coward), Shaftesbury, London Palladium, Dominion, Royalty, Theatre Royal Drury Lane, Caf\u00e9 Royal, Piccadilly, and The Park Lane Hilton. From 2012 to 2016 the awards ceremony was held at the Royal Opera House, moving to the Royal Albert Hall in 2017. The 2013 ceremony was the first ceremony to be broadcast on television since 2003. The first Laurence Olivier Awards to be broadcast on television was the 1981 ceremony, which was broadcast on BBC1, and continued every year until 1992, before switching to BBC2 each year until 2003. The awards ceremony was then only broadcast on radio until 2011, when the BBC broadcast live interactive red-button coverage of the event, while Paul Gambaccini presented a programme on BBC Radio 2 with live coverage and interviews. The same coverage followed in 2012, before ITV secured the broadcast rights which saw the return of the Olivier Awards to mainstream television in 2013. This has continued in recent years, and the ceremony has also been broadcast on Magic Radio. Some notable records and facts about the Laurence Olivier Awards include the following:", "Laurence Olivier Award The Laurence Olivier Awards, or simply the Olivier Awards, are presented annually by the Society of London Theatre to recognise excellence in professional theatre in London at an annual ceremony in the capital. The awards were originally known as the Society of West End Theatre Awards, but they were renamed in honour of the British actor Laurence Olivier in 1984. The awards are given to individuals involved in West End productions and other leading non-commercial theatres based in London across a range of categories covering plays, musicals, dance, opera and affiliate theatre. A discretionary non-competitive Special Olivier Award is also given each year. The Olivier Awards are recognised internationally as the highest honour in British theatre, equivalent to the BAFTA Awards for film and television, and the BRIT Awards for music. The Olivier Awards are considered equivalent to Broadway's Tony Awards and France's Moli\u00e8re Award. Since its inception, the awards have been held at various venues and theatres across London, from 2012-2016 at the Royal Opera House, before moving to the Royal Albert Hall in 2017. Television coverage is broadcast in prime time on ITV, who acquired the rights from 2013 onwards with radio coverage by Magic Radio. The awards were first established in 1976 by the Society of London Theatre as the Society of West End Awards and were designed by artist Tom Merrifield. In 1984, British actor Laurence Olivier gave his consent for the awards to be renamed in his honour and they became known as the Laurence Olivier Awards. The first awards ceremony was held in December 1976 at Caf\u00e9 Royal. Each year, Olivier Awards judging panels for theatre, opera, dance and affiliate shows are put together by the Society of London Theatre (SOLT)."], "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "supporting actor (Hensley), set design (Anthony Ward)", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who else was in it?", "answer": {"text": "Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley", "answer_start": 1194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any problem with production?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#6", "question": "what happened in 1998?", "rewrite": "what happened to Oklahoma! in 1998?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Oklahoma Wranglers The Oklahoma Wranglers were a professional arena football team based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. They were members of the Central (1996\u20131997) and Western (1998\u20132001) Division of the American Conference of the Arena Football League (AFL). They previously played as the Memphis Pharaohs and Portland Forest Dragons. The team played at the Myriad, now known as the Cox Convention Center, in downtown Oklahoma City. The Memphis Pharaohs played at the Pyramid Arena in Memphis, Tennessee in 1995 and 1996. The team was named the Pharaohs because the capital of ancient Egypt was Memphis, Egypt, and because they literally played their home games in a pyramid. Memphis saw a return of the sport with the Memphis Xplorers of af2. After a winless 1996 season, the team relocated to Portland, Oregon where they played for three seasons as the Portland Forest Dragons. In years of 1997, 1998, and 1999, the Forest Dragons compiled records of 2\u201312, 4\u201310, and 7\u20137, never making the playoffs while in Portland. During the 1998 season the team featured receiver Oronde Gadsden, who won the league's Rookie of the Year award, and went on to sign with the NFL's Miami Dolphins. Portland would see a return of the AFL in 2014 with the Portland Thunder, renamed the Portland Steel in 2016. After three seasons in Portland, the franchise relocated again, this time to Oklahoma City. The move happened after the franchise owner attempted and failed to sell the team to an owner committed to keeping the team in Portland. After relocating, the team changed their name to the Oklahoma Wranglers. The team played in Oklahoma City for two seasons before being disbanded by the league after the 2001 season. The AFL's developmental league af2 welcomed the Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz to play from 2004 to 2009.", "Oklahoma Legislature The Legislature of the State of Oklahoma is the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate are the two houses that make up the bicameral state legislature. There are 101 state representatives, each serving a two-year term, and 48 state senators, who serve four-year terms that are staggered so only half of the Oklahoma Senate districts are eligible in each election year. Legislators are elected directly by the people from single member districts of equal population. The Oklahoma Legislature meets annually in the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma Constitution vests all legislative powers of the state government in the state legislature, which exercises legislative power by enacting Oklahoma law. The legislature may legislate on any subject and has certain \"necessary and proper\" powers as may be required for carrying into effect the provisions of the Oklahoma Constitution. The powers of the legislature are only limited by the powers reserved to the people, namely initiative and referendum. The Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives are co-equal houses, but each chamber has exclusive powers. The Oklahoma Senate's advice and consent is required for gubernatorial appointments to high-level executive positions. Bills for raising revenue may only originate in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Bills approved by the legislature must be sent to the Governor of Oklahoma for approval. Prior to 1907 statehood, Oklahoma Territory had the Oklahoma Territorial Legislature that met in Guthrie, Oklahoma. Upon statehood, the Oklahoma Constitution established the Oklahoma Legislature. The 1st Oklahoma Legislature met in the Guthrie City Hall Building and elected William H. Murray as the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The first three staff members appointed by Murray were a Union veteran, a Confederate veteran, and an African-American man, Jim Noble.", "\" Oklahoma initially won the 1972 title, but after it was found that they used ineligible players, they were penalized by the NCAA, though they did not force OU to forfeit games. The Big Eight asked them to forfeit three games and awarded the title to Nebraska, but Oklahoma still claims these wins and this title.\" The following is a complete list of the 100 AIAW, NCAA and college football championships won by teams that were representing the Big Eight Conference in NCAA- or AIAW-recognized sports at the time of the championship. Football (11): 1950 \u2013 Oklahoma 1955 \u2013 Oklahoma 1956 \u2013 Oklahoma 1970 \u2013 Nebraska 1971 \u2013 Nebraska 1974 \u2013 Oklahoma 1975 \u2013 Oklahoma 1985 \u2013 Oklahoma 1990 \u2013 Colorado 1994 \u2013 Nebraska 1995 \u2013 Nebraska  Baseball (4): 1951 \u2013 Oklahoma 1954 \u2013 Missouri 1959 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1994 \u2013 Oklahoma  Men's basketball (2): 1952 \u2013 Kansas 1988 \u2013 Kansas Men's Cross Country (3):<br> 1953 \u2013 Kansas 1989 \u2013 Iowa State 1994 \u2013 Iowa State Women's Cross Country (5): 1975 \u2013 Iowa State 1976 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Iowa State 1978 \u2013 Iowa State 1981 \u2013 Iowa State Men's golf (9): 1963 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1976 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1980 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1983 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1987 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1989 \u2013 Oklahoma 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1995 \u2013 Oklahoma State Men's gymnastics (14): 1971 \u2013 Iowa State 1973 \u2013 Iowa State 1974 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Oklahoma 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma 1979 \u2013 Nebraska 1980 \u2013 Nebraska 1981 \u2013 Nebraska 1982 \u2013 Nebraska 1983 \u2013 Nebraska 1988 \u2013 Nebraska 1990 \u2013 Nebraska 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma 1994 \u2013 Nebraska Men's/", "Howard Hendrick Howard Hendrick (born December 22, 1954) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Hendrick was serving as the Oklahoma Secretary of Human Services, having been appointed by Democratic Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry in 2003. Hendrick had previously served as the Oklahoma Secretary of Health and Human Services under former Republican Governor Frank Keating until that post was split into two positions under Henry. Concurrent with his service as Secretary, Hendrick has served as the Director of Oklahoma Department of Human Services since July 1, 1998. Hendrick also is a former Oklahoma State Senator, having served from 1987 until 1998. Hendrick is one of three Cabinet Secretaries appointed by former Governor Frank Keating to be held over by Governor Brad Henry, the others being: Human Resources Secretary Oscar B. Jackson Jr. and Veterans Affairs Secretary Norman Lamb. Hendrick was born in 1954 and raised in Bethany, Oklahoma. He graduated summa cum laude from Southern Nazarene University earning his undergraduate degree in accounting. During his years at Southern Nazarene, he was active in Circle K International, the collegiate affiliate of Kiwanis International, holding numerous elective offices, including international president. Three years after graduating from SNU, Hendrick passed the Certified Public Accountant's examination and earned both a Masters of Business Administration and a law degree from the University of Oklahoma. Upon graduation from law school, he was elected to Order of the Coif in recognition of his legal scholarship for graduating in the top 10 percent of his law school class. He practiced business, real estate and tax law for 17 years. Hendrick was elected to the Oklahoma Senate in 1987, representing parts of northwest Oklahoma City, Bethany, Oklahoma, Yukon, Oklahoma and Warr Acres, Oklahoma. He would serve in the Senate until 1998. During his tenure, he amassed a career roll-call voting record in excess of 99 percent.", "Men's Gymnastics (9): 2002 \u2013 Oklahoma 2003 \u2013 Oklahoma 2005 \u2013 Oklahoma 2006 \u2013 Oklahoma 2008 \u2013 Oklahoma 2015 \u2013 Oklahoma 2016 \u2013 Oklahoma 2017 \u2013 Oklahoma 2018 \u2013 Oklahoma Women's Indoor Track (3): 1998 \u2013 Texas 1999 \u2013 Texas 2006 \u2013 Texas Men's Outdoor Track (4): 2009 \u2013 Texas A&M 2010 \u2013 Texas A&M 2011 \u2013 Texas A&M 2019 \u2013 Texas Tech Women's Outdoor Track (7): 1998 \u2013 Texas 1999 \u2013 Texas 2005 \u2013 Texas 2009 \u2013 Texas A&M 2010 \u2013 Texas A&M 2011 \u2013 Texas A&M 2013 \u2013 Kansas  Men's/ Women's Skiing (4): 1998 \u2013 Colorado 1999 \u2013 Colorado 2006 \u2013 Colorado 2011 \u2013 Colorado Softball (4): 2000 \u2013 Oklahoma 2013 \u2013 Oklahoma 2016 \u2013 Oklahoma 2017 \u2013 Oklahoma Men's Swimming (7): 1996 \u2013 Texas 2000 \u2013 Texas 2001 \u2013 Texas 2002 \u2013 Texas 2010 \u2013 Texas 2015 \u2013 Texas 2016 \u2013 Texas Men's Tennis (1): 2004 \u2013 Baylor 2019 \u2013 Texas Women's Volleyball (3): 2000 \u2013 Nebraska 2006 \u2013 Nebraska 2012 \u2013 Texas  Wrestling (4): 2003 \u2013 Oklahoma State 2004 \u2013 Oklahoma State 2005 \u2013 Oklahoma State 2006 \u2013 Oklahoma State The national championships listed below are as of March 2016. Football, Helms, pre-NCAA competition and overall equestrian titles are included in the total, but excluded from the column listing NCAA and AIAW titles. See also: List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships, List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships, and NCAA Division I FBS Conferences The Conference sponsors 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's. In football, divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game from 1996 to 2010."], "answer": {"text": "A new production of the musical was presented by the National Theatre in London at the Olivier Theatre,", "answer_start": 909}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "supporting actor (Hensley), set design (Anthony Ward)", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who else was in it?", "answer": {"text": "Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley", "answer_start": 1194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any problem with production?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#7", "question": "was the revival successful?", "rewrite": "was the revival of Oklahoma! successful?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Oklahoma Judicial Center The Oklahoma Judicial Center is the headquarters of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Judiciary of Oklahoma. Situated near the Oklahoma State Capitol, the original structure, designed by the architectural firm Layton, Hicks & Forsyth, was built between 1929-1930 as the home of the Oklahoma Historical Society and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Oklahoma Historical Society Building in 1990. The society moved to the nearby Oklahoma History Center when it opened in 2005. An annex was completed in 2011. The Oklahoma Judicial Center comprises the former Oklahoma Historical Society Building, also known as the Wiley Post Historical Building, and a newer adjacent annex located on the Capitol Park grounds of the Oklahoma State Capitol complex giving the center a combined floor space of . The Judicial Center occupies a lot bound between N. Lincoln Blvd. to the west and N. Lindsay Ave. to the east from NE 19th St. to NE 21st St. The Judicial Center annex is immediately adjacent facing N. Lindsay Ave. The Oklahoma State Capitol is located across N. Lincoln Blvd. to the northwest. The center is bounded to the south and east by the Capitol-Lincoln Terrace Historic District located across N. Lindsay Ave. and NE 19th St.  The original Historical Society Building is a three-story structure with a full basement. The exterior features a facade of Indiana limestone with the base and steps composed of Georgia granite designed in Classical Revival style. The building is elevated six feet above Lincoln Blvd. which runs in front of the main entrance. Ten two-story tapered columns with Ionic capitals are aligned along the front facade between two square limestone end columns. The columns uphold an entablature inscribed with \"Oklahoma Historical Society\" in the center with three wreathes, symbolic of academic buildings, on each side.", "Oklahoma Legislature The Legislature of the State of Oklahoma is the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate are the two houses that make up the bicameral state legislature. There are 101 state representatives, each serving a two-year term, and 48 state senators, who serve four-year terms that are staggered so only half of the Oklahoma Senate districts are eligible in each election year. Legislators are elected directly by the people from single member districts of equal population. The Oklahoma Legislature meets annually in the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma Constitution vests all legislative powers of the state government in the state legislature, which exercises legislative power by enacting Oklahoma law. The legislature may legislate on any subject and has certain \"necessary and proper\" powers as may be required for carrying into effect the provisions of the Oklahoma Constitution. The powers of the legislature are only limited by the powers reserved to the people, namely initiative and referendum. The Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives are co-equal houses, but each chamber has exclusive powers. The Oklahoma Senate's advice and consent is required for gubernatorial appointments to high-level executive positions. Bills for raising revenue may only originate in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Bills approved by the legislature must be sent to the Governor of Oklahoma for approval. Prior to 1907 statehood, Oklahoma Territory had the Oklahoma Territorial Legislature that met in Guthrie, Oklahoma. Upon statehood, the Oklahoma Constitution established the Oklahoma Legislature. The 1st Oklahoma Legislature met in the Guthrie City Hall Building and elected William H. Murray as the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The first three staff members appointed by Murray were a Union veteran, a Confederate veteran, and an African-American man, Jim Noble.", "Heritage Hills, Oklahoma City Heritage Hills is a historic neighborhood near downtown Oklahoma City. It is known for its historic homes and mansions, some of which are the largest in the city, and the annual Heritage Hills Historic Homes and Gardens Tour. The area is home to Henry Overholser's Overholser Mansion as well as the Hales Mansion. Heritage Hills is bordered by Mesta Park to the west and north, Heritage Hills East to the east, and Midtown to the south. Heritage Hills is Oklahoma City's first historic preservation district. The name \"Heritage Hills\" was acquired in 1969 and the neighborhood is a conglomerate of several additions with development beginning just after 1900 and largely complete by 1930. Additions that make up Heritage Hills are Harndale, West Highland Parked Addition, Colcord Heights Addition, Classen's Highland Parked Addition, Winan's Highland Addition, and Winan's Second Addition. The establishment of Heritage Hills as a historic preservation district began when leaders from these neighborhood associations came together to form the Historic Preservation Commission to fight the widening proposal of NW 16th Street. These additions were collectively once known as \"Highland Park\" and \"The Highlands\" in advertisements from 1902 and 1904 respectively. The Overholser Mansion was the first mansion to begin construction and was, at the time, located away from the city. Single-family detached houses are the dominant structures in Heritage Hills, with multi-family housing to a lesser extent. Various styles of architecture are represented throughout the neighborhood, including Ch\u00e2teauesque, Italian Renaissance Revival, Prairie School, Greek Revival, Neoclassical, American Craftsman, Colonial/Georgian Revival, Mission Revival, Tudor Revival, American Foursquare, and Dutch Colonial Revival. Heritage Hills' largest house, and largest in Oklahoma City, is the Hales Mansion, spanning .", "\" Oklahoma initially won the 1972 title, but after it was found that they used ineligible players, they were penalized by the NCAA, though they did not force OU to forfeit games. The Big Eight asked them to forfeit three games and awarded the title to Nebraska, but Oklahoma still claims these wins and this title.\" The following is a complete list of the 100 AIAW, NCAA and college football championships won by teams that were representing the Big Eight Conference in NCAA- or AIAW-recognized sports at the time of the championship. Football (11): 1950 \u2013 Oklahoma 1955 \u2013 Oklahoma 1956 \u2013 Oklahoma 1970 \u2013 Nebraska 1971 \u2013 Nebraska 1974 \u2013 Oklahoma 1975 \u2013 Oklahoma 1985 \u2013 Oklahoma 1990 \u2013 Colorado 1994 \u2013 Nebraska 1995 \u2013 Nebraska  Baseball (4): 1951 \u2013 Oklahoma 1954 \u2013 Missouri 1959 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1994 \u2013 Oklahoma  Men's basketball (2): 1952 \u2013 Kansas 1988 \u2013 Kansas Men's Cross Country (3):<br> 1953 \u2013 Kansas 1989 \u2013 Iowa State 1994 \u2013 Iowa State Women's Cross Country (5): 1975 \u2013 Iowa State 1976 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Iowa State 1978 \u2013 Iowa State 1981 \u2013 Iowa State Men's golf (9): 1963 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1976 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1980 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1983 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1987 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1989 \u2013 Oklahoma 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1995 \u2013 Oklahoma State Men's gymnastics (14): 1971 \u2013 Iowa State 1973 \u2013 Iowa State 1974 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Oklahoma 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma 1979 \u2013 Nebraska 1980 \u2013 Nebraska 1981 \u2013 Nebraska 1982 \u2013 Nebraska 1983 \u2013 Nebraska 1988 \u2013 Nebraska 1990 \u2013 Nebraska 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma 1994 \u2013 Nebraska Men's/", "Charles G. Jones Charles Gasham \"Gristmill\" Jones (November 3, 1856 \u2013 March 29, 1911) was an American urban developer and politician in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Jones was responsible for bringing electrical power to downtown Oklahoma City and developing a railroad line between Sapulpa, Oklahoma, and Oklahoma City. The town of Jones, Oklahoma, is named for him. Jones was born in Greenup, Illinois, on November 3, 1856, and arrived in Oklahoma Territory in 1889. After arriving in Oklahoma Territory, Jones organized the construction of a canal to bring electrical power to downtown Oklahoma City and constructed the first flour mill in Oklahoma Territory. In 1895, Jones and Henry Overholser organized the St. Louis and Oklahoma City Railroad Company and, in 1898, constructed a line from Sapulpa to Oklahoma City. The town of Jones, Oklahoma, was named for Charles G. Jones and was platted by a friend, Luther F. Aldrich, in 1898. Jones owned a farmstead in the town, which is today listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The post office for the town of Elgin, Oklahoma was originally named \"Ceegee, Oklahoma\" using Charles G. Jones initials, when it was established in April 1902. However, after Post Office management intervened in August 1902, the name was changed to Elgin. The statehood movement had begun and Jones served as chair of the Single Statehood Executive Committee that first met in 1903 and lobbied for three years for the successful passage of the act that created the state of Oklahoma. A Republican, Jones was elected to the 1st, 5th and 6th Oklahoma Territorial Legislatures, representing Oklahoma County, served two terms as the mayor of Oklahoma City in 1896-97 and 1901-03 and was elected to the 2nd Oklahoma State Legislature."], "answer": {"text": "the limited engagement was a sell-out and broke all previous box office records, and so the show was transferred to the Lyceum", "answer_start": 294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "supporting actor (Hensley), set design (Anthony Ward)", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who else was in it?", "answer": {"text": "Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley", "answer_start": 1194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any problem with production?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what happened in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "A new production of the musical was presented by the National Theatre in London at the Olivier Theatre,", "answer_start": 909, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bc5e8e9a834472b94e319bc7d1de315_1_q#8", "question": "who was a part of the revival?", "rewrite": "who was a part of the revival of Oklahoma!?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Green Corn Revival Green Corn Revival (often abbreviated GCR) was an American rock band from Weatherford, Oklahoma. Green Corn Revival was first formed in early 2009 by singer/songwriter Jared Deck. After disbanding his previous project, alternative rock band The Voice Of, Deck and drummer Kenny Holloway began writing and arranging the songs that would become the genesis of Green Corn Revival. The pair were soon joined by The Voice Of bassist Ryan Houck, and the three would become the core of GCR's earliest lineup, which also included Houck's wife Natalie as vocalist, keyboardist Caleb Creed and lead guitarist Kyle Burrows. This lineup would release the three-song \"Oklahoma EP\" in August 2009. By February 2010, Burrows had left the band, replaced by Stephen Rozzell. The lineup also added bassist Miles Johnson, allowing Ryan Houck to move to dobro, banjo, and pedal steel. The band was invited to take part in rockabilly legend Wanda Jackson's showcase at SXSW 2010, providing significant exposure for the new band. Green Corn Revival released their first full-length album, \"Say You're a Sinner\", later in 2010 to positive reviews. Soon after the album was completed, the band's lineup again changed, with Tyler Paul replacing Kenny Holloway on drums and Jacy Deck replacing Caleb Creed on keyboards. Green Corn Revival's relationship with Wanda Jackson continued after \"Say You're a Sinner\", with the band backing her for a sold out album release party in Oklahoma City in January 2011. The band continued to gain recognition around the Southwest, opening for Eve 6's reunion appearance at SWOSUPalooza in April 2011. Jared and Jacy Deck married in the summer of 2011, becoming the second married couple to be part of the band.", "\" Oklahoma initially won the 1972 title, but after it was found that they used ineligible players, they were penalized by the NCAA, though they did not force OU to forfeit games. The Big Eight asked them to forfeit three games and awarded the title to Nebraska, but Oklahoma still claims these wins and this title.\" The following is a complete list of the 100 AIAW, NCAA and college football championships won by teams that were representing the Big Eight Conference in NCAA- or AIAW-recognized sports at the time of the championship. Football (11): 1950 \u2013 Oklahoma 1955 \u2013 Oklahoma 1956 \u2013 Oklahoma 1970 \u2013 Nebraska 1971 \u2013 Nebraska 1974 \u2013 Oklahoma 1975 \u2013 Oklahoma 1985 \u2013 Oklahoma 1990 \u2013 Colorado 1994 \u2013 Nebraska 1995 \u2013 Nebraska  Baseball (4): 1951 \u2013 Oklahoma 1954 \u2013 Missouri 1959 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1994 \u2013 Oklahoma  Men's basketball (2): 1952 \u2013 Kansas 1988 \u2013 Kansas Men's Cross Country (3):<br> 1953 \u2013 Kansas 1989 \u2013 Iowa State 1994 \u2013 Iowa State Women's Cross Country (5): 1975 \u2013 Iowa State 1976 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Iowa State 1978 \u2013 Iowa State 1981 \u2013 Iowa State Men's golf (9): 1963 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1976 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1980 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1983 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1987 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1989 \u2013 Oklahoma 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma State 1995 \u2013 Oklahoma State Men's gymnastics (14): 1971 \u2013 Iowa State 1973 \u2013 Iowa State 1974 \u2013 Iowa State 1977 \u2013 Oklahoma 1978 \u2013 Oklahoma 1979 \u2013 Nebraska 1980 \u2013 Nebraska 1981 \u2013 Nebraska 1982 \u2013 Nebraska 1983 \u2013 Nebraska 1988 \u2013 Nebraska 1990 \u2013 Nebraska 1991 \u2013 Oklahoma 1994 \u2013 Nebraska Men's/", "Oklahoma Judicial Center The Oklahoma Judicial Center is the headquarters of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and the Judiciary of Oklahoma. Situated near the Oklahoma State Capitol, the original structure, designed by the architectural firm Layton, Hicks & Forsyth, was built between 1929-1930 as the home of the Oklahoma Historical Society and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Oklahoma Historical Society Building in 1990. The society moved to the nearby Oklahoma History Center when it opened in 2005. An annex was completed in 2011. The Oklahoma Judicial Center comprises the former Oklahoma Historical Society Building, also known as the Wiley Post Historical Building, and a newer adjacent annex located on the Capitol Park grounds of the Oklahoma State Capitol complex giving the center a combined floor space of . The Judicial Center occupies a lot bound between N. Lincoln Blvd. to the west and N. Lindsay Ave. to the east from NE 19th St. to NE 21st St. The Judicial Center annex is immediately adjacent facing N. Lindsay Ave. The Oklahoma State Capitol is located across N. Lincoln Blvd. to the northwest. The center is bounded to the south and east by the Capitol-Lincoln Terrace Historic District located across N. Lindsay Ave. and NE 19th St.  The original Historical Society Building is a three-story structure with a full basement. The exterior features a facade of Indiana limestone with the base and steps composed of Georgia granite designed in Classical Revival style. The building is elevated six feet above Lincoln Blvd. which runs in front of the main entrance. Ten two-story tapered columns with Ionic capitals are aligned along the front facade between two square limestone end columns. The columns uphold an entablature inscribed with \"Oklahoma Historical Society\" in the center with three wreathes, symbolic of academic buildings, on each side.", "Oklahoma Legislature The Legislature of the State of Oklahoma is the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate are the two houses that make up the bicameral state legislature. There are 101 state representatives, each serving a two-year term, and 48 state senators, who serve four-year terms that are staggered so only half of the Oklahoma Senate districts are eligible in each election year. Legislators are elected directly by the people from single member districts of equal population. The Oklahoma Legislature meets annually in the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma Constitution vests all legislative powers of the state government in the state legislature, which exercises legislative power by enacting Oklahoma law. The legislature may legislate on any subject and has certain \"necessary and proper\" powers as may be required for carrying into effect the provisions of the Oklahoma Constitution. The powers of the legislature are only limited by the powers reserved to the people, namely initiative and referendum. The Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives are co-equal houses, but each chamber has exclusive powers. The Oklahoma Senate's advice and consent is required for gubernatorial appointments to high-level executive positions. Bills for raising revenue may only originate in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Bills approved by the legislature must be sent to the Governor of Oklahoma for approval. Prior to 1907 statehood, Oklahoma Territory had the Oklahoma Territorial Legislature that met in Guthrie, Oklahoma. Upon statehood, the Oklahoma Constitution established the Oklahoma Legislature. The 1st Oklahoma Legislature met in the Guthrie City Hall Building and elected William H. Murray as the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The first three staff members appointed by Murray were a Union veteran, a Confederate veteran, and an African-American man, Jim Noble.", "Heritage Hills, Oklahoma City Heritage Hills is a historic neighborhood near downtown Oklahoma City. It is known for its historic homes and mansions, some of which are the largest in the city, and the annual Heritage Hills Historic Homes and Gardens Tour. The area is home to Henry Overholser's Overholser Mansion as well as the Hales Mansion. Heritage Hills is bordered by Mesta Park to the west and north, Heritage Hills East to the east, and Midtown to the south. Heritage Hills is Oklahoma City's first historic preservation district. The name \"Heritage Hills\" was acquired in 1969 and the neighborhood is a conglomerate of several additions with development beginning just after 1900 and largely complete by 1930. Additions that make up Heritage Hills are Harndale, West Highland Parked Addition, Colcord Heights Addition, Classen's Highland Parked Addition, Winan's Highland Addition, and Winan's Second Addition. The establishment of Heritage Hills as a historic preservation district began when leaders from these neighborhood associations came together to form the Historic Preservation Commission to fight the widening proposal of NW 16th Street. These additions were collectively once known as \"Highland Park\" and \"The Highlands\" in advertisements from 1902 and 1904 respectively. The Overholser Mansion was the first mansion to begin construction and was, at the time, located away from the city. Single-family detached houses are the dominant structures in Heritage Hills, with multi-family housing to a lesser extent. Various styles of architecture are represented throughout the neighborhood, including Ch\u00e2teauesque, Italian Renaissance Revival, Prairie School, Greek Revival, Neoclassical, American Craftsman, Colonial/Georgian Revival, Mission Revival, Tudor Revival, American Foursquare, and Dutch Colonial Revival. Heritage Hills' largest house, and largest in Oklahoma City, is the Hales Mansion, spanning ."], "answer": {"text": "Anthony Ward", "answer_start": 199}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1980 about Oklahoma!?", "answer": {"text": "James Hammerstein directed a production at the Haymarket Theatre, Leicester, in January 1980,", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "supporting actor (Hensley), set design (Anthony Ward)", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who else was in it?", "answer": {"text": "Hugh Jackman as Curly, Maureen Lipman as Aunt Eller, Josefina Gabrielle as Laurey, Shuler Hensley", "answer_start": 1194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have any problem with production?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The production received numerous Olivier Award nominations,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what happened in 1998?", "answer": {"text": "A new production of the musical was presented by the National Theatre in London at the Olivier Theatre,", "answer_start": 909, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the revival successful?", "answer": {"text": "the limited engagement was a sell-out and broke all previous box office records, and so the show was transferred to the Lyceum", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#0", "question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Washington State Cougars football The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894. The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 33,522. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies of Seattle; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November. The Cougars are currently led by head coach Mike Leach. Washington State's first head football coach was William Goodyear. That team played only two games in its inaugural season in 1894, posting a 1\u20131 record. The team's first win was over Idaho. The first paid head football coach was William L. Allen, who served as head coach in 1900 and 1902, posting an overall record of 6\u20133\u20131. John R. Bender served as head football coach from 1906\u20131907 and 1912\u20131914, compiling a record of 21\u201312. William Henry Dietz was the Cougars' head football coach from 1915\u20131917, posting a stellar 17\u20132\u20131 record. Dietz's 1915 team defeated Brown in the Rose Bowl, and finished with a 7\u20130 record. Dietz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2012. Albert Exendine served as Washington State's head football coach from 1923\u20131925, posting a 6\u201313\u20134 overall record. Babe Hollingbery was the Cougars' head football coach for 17 seasons, posting a record.", "1932 Haskell Indians football team The 1932 Haskell Indians football team was an American football that represented the Haskell Institute (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) during the 1932 college football season. In its fourth and final year under head coach William Henry Dietz, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20131 record. Louis Weller, John Levi, and Egbert Ward were assistant coaches. Oren Crowe, a Cherokee Indian, was the team captain. Crowe was also selected as the first-team center on the 1932 All-Kansas football team. Halfback Robert Holmes was named to the second team. Prior to the start of the 1932 season, the school announced that it would limit the football team to eight game in order to allow players to focus on classroom work. In addition, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) terminated junior college offerings at Haskell, with the result that many players were unable to return to the school. After the 1932 season, the BIA announced its opposition to Haskell's \"commercialized inter-institutional athletics. \" Thereafter, Haskell never again reached the heights of big-time college football. Coach Dietz resigned his Haskell position in March 1933 to accept a job in the National Football League as the head coach of the Boston Redskins (later renamed the Washington Redskins). Assistant coach Weller also left Haskell and played for Dietz's 1933 Boston Redskins.", "De Cora was married to William Henry \"Lone Star\" Dietz (Wicarhpi Isnala), who claimed Dakota and German descent but his true identity remains highly controversial. Dietz also taught at the Carlisle Indian School. He and De Cora met at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. In addition to his art, Dietz was a notable football player, and in 1915 he became head coach of Washington State; he later was the first head coach of the Washington Redskins. Towards the end of her career, De Cora and her husband taught art at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In her tonalist art work, Angel De Cora painted firelight to illuminate warm memories of her childhood life on the Nebraska plains after she settled far from home in the east\". Her oil Painting, \"for an Indian school exhibit, for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York\" demonstrates the technical prowess and emotional depth of her art. De Cora created the title-page designs for Natalie Curtis's \"The Indians' Book\", a collection of Native American songs, stories, and artwork first published in 1907. Unfortunately not much of De Cora's original paintings remain, but she illustrated her own stories published in \"Harper's Magazine\" and illustrated books. The 1911 \"Yellow Star: A Story of East West\", by Elaine Goodale Eastman features illustrations by De Cora and her husband, William Henry Dietz. Her illustrations are rare for her time period because she portrayed Native Americans wearing contemporary clothing. Angel De Cora contracted pneumonia, and she died in the Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts on 6 February 1919. She is buried at the Bridge Street Cemetery.", "David Dietz David Dietz \"(n\u00e9\" David Henry Dietz; 6 October 1897 Cleveland \u2013 9 December 1984 Cleveland) was an American science journalist and author. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Dietz attended Case Western Reserve University and received his bachelor's degree in 1919. In 1921 he took a position as science editor for the Scripps-Howard Newspapers, a job he kept until his retirement in 1977. From 1927 until his retirement he was a lecturer in general science at his alma mater. Dietz was a member of the Publicity Committee of the United States National Research Council's Division of Medical Science and of Harvard University's Institute on War Problems, and was a consultant to the U. S. Army Surgeon General from 1944 to 1947. He served as science correspondent for NBC News from 1940\u20131950, and was heard on \"Morgan Beatty News of the World\" over 181 stations. Dietz was recognized many times during his career for his contributions to science journalism. For \"coverage of science at the tercentenary of Harvard University\" in 1936, with \"Scripps-Howard\", he shared the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting with writers for four other publishers. He also received the B. F. Goodrich Award for distinguished public service (1940), the Westinghouse Distinguished Science Writers Award (1946), the Lasker Award for medical journalism (1954), and the James T. Grady Award from the American Chemical Society (1961). He received honorary degrees from Western Reserve (D. Litt., 1948) and from Bowling Green State University (1954).", "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone."], "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#1", "question": "Did anyone find out?", "rewrite": "Did anyone find out that William Henry Dietz was attending school under a pseudonym?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Washington State Cougars football The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894. The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 33,522. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies of Seattle; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November. The Cougars are currently led by head coach Mike Leach. Washington State's first head football coach was William Goodyear. That team played only two games in its inaugural season in 1894, posting a 1\u20131 record. The team's first win was over Idaho. The first paid head football coach was William L. Allen, who served as head coach in 1900 and 1902, posting an overall record of 6\u20133\u20131. John R. Bender served as head football coach from 1906\u20131907 and 1912\u20131914, compiling a record of 21\u201312. William Henry Dietz was the Cougars' head football coach from 1915\u20131917, posting a stellar 17\u20132\u20131 record. Dietz's 1915 team defeated Brown in the Rose Bowl, and finished with a 7\u20130 record. Dietz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2012. Albert Exendine served as Washington State's head football coach from 1923\u20131925, posting a 6\u201313\u20134 overall record. Babe Hollingbery was the Cougars' head football coach for 17 seasons, posting a record.", "De Cora was married to William Henry \"Lone Star\" Dietz (Wicarhpi Isnala), who claimed Dakota and German descent but his true identity remains highly controversial. Dietz also taught at the Carlisle Indian School. He and De Cora met at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. In addition to his art, Dietz was a notable football player, and in 1915 he became head coach of Washington State; he later was the first head coach of the Washington Redskins. Towards the end of her career, De Cora and her husband taught art at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In her tonalist art work, Angel De Cora painted firelight to illuminate warm memories of her childhood life on the Nebraska plains after she settled far from home in the east\". Her oil Painting, \"for an Indian school exhibit, for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York\" demonstrates the technical prowess and emotional depth of her art. De Cora created the title-page designs for Natalie Curtis's \"The Indians' Book\", a collection of Native American songs, stories, and artwork first published in 1907. Unfortunately not much of De Cora's original paintings remain, but she illustrated her own stories published in \"Harper's Magazine\" and illustrated books. The 1911 \"Yellow Star: A Story of East West\", by Elaine Goodale Eastman features illustrations by De Cora and her husband, William Henry Dietz. Her illustrations are rare for her time period because she portrayed Native Americans wearing contemporary clothing. Angel De Cora contracted pneumonia, and she died in the Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts on 6 February 1919. She is buried at the Bridge Street Cemetery.", "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone.", "1932 Haskell Indians football team The 1932 Haskell Indians football team was an American football that represented the Haskell Institute (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) during the 1932 college football season. In its fourth and final year under head coach William Henry Dietz, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20131 record. Louis Weller, John Levi, and Egbert Ward were assistant coaches. Oren Crowe, a Cherokee Indian, was the team captain. Crowe was also selected as the first-team center on the 1932 All-Kansas football team. Halfback Robert Holmes was named to the second team. Prior to the start of the 1932 season, the school announced that it would limit the football team to eight game in order to allow players to focus on classroom work. In addition, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) terminated junior college offerings at Haskell, with the result that many players were unable to return to the school. After the 1932 season, the BIA announced its opposition to Haskell's \"commercialized inter-institutional athletics. \" Thereafter, Haskell never again reached the heights of big-time college football. Coach Dietz resigned his Haskell position in March 1933 to accept a job in the National Football League as the head coach of the Boston Redskins (later renamed the Washington Redskins). Assistant coach Weller also left Haskell and played for Dietz's 1933 Boston Redskins.", "David Dietz David Dietz \"(n\u00e9\" David Henry Dietz; 6 October 1897 Cleveland \u2013 9 December 1984 Cleveland) was an American science journalist and author. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Dietz attended Case Western Reserve University and received his bachelor's degree in 1919. In 1921 he took a position as science editor for the Scripps-Howard Newspapers, a job he kept until his retirement in 1977. From 1927 until his retirement he was a lecturer in general science at his alma mater. Dietz was a member of the Publicity Committee of the United States National Research Council's Division of Medical Science and of Harvard University's Institute on War Problems, and was a consultant to the U. S. Army Surgeon General from 1944 to 1947. He served as science correspondent for NBC News from 1940\u20131950, and was heard on \"Morgan Beatty News of the World\" over 181 stations. Dietz was recognized many times during his career for his contributions to science journalism. For \"coverage of science at the tercentenary of Harvard University\" in 1936, with \"Scripps-Howard\", he shared the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting with writers for four other publishers. He also received the B. F. Goodrich Award for distinguished public service (1940), the Westinghouse Distinguished Science Writers Award (1946), the Lasker Award for medical journalism (1954), and the James T. Grady Award from the American Chemical Society (1961). He received honorary degrees from Western Reserve (D. Litt., 1948) and from Bowling Green State University (1954)."], "answer": {"text": "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#2", "question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in school?", "rewrite": "Did the trace of Dietz' heritage affect William Henry Dietz' ability to stay in school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone.", "Ella Maria Dietz Clymer Ella Maria Dietz Clymer (later, Ella Maria Dietz Clymer Glynes; pen and stage name, Ella Dietz; January 27, 1847 \u2013 January 9, 1920) was an American actress and author. Professionally known by her maiden name, Ella Dietz, she was a writer of poems and songs, an instructor in elocution and dramatic art, a reader, and a reciter for charitable events. In the United States, she served as the fifth president of Sorosis, vice-president of the National Council of Women, and was a leading member of the Advisory Board of The Federation of Clubs. To the British public, she was well-known for her histrionic abilities, having acted leading roles in over thirty plays in London during the period of 1874 to 1881. She was also skilled as an artist with pencil and brush. Ella Maria Dietz was born in New York City, January 27, 1847 (or 1856). She was the daughter of William Henry and Frances Virginia (Robinson) Dietz, granddaughter of John and Sophia (Meinell) Dietz, and great-granddaughter of John Dietz. who emigrated from Strasbourg, Alsace, to New York prior to 1776. She was educated at the Cottage Hill Seminary, Poughkeepsie, New York. On the death of her father, she returned to New York City to assist her mother in her school, the first kindergarten ever established in New York. She wanted to be an actress, but as her mother opposed, she studied drawing and painting instead, along with voice. On June 24, 1864, at the age of seventeen, she married Edward Myers Clymer (1822\u20131883), of Pennsylvania, brother of Hiester Clymer, who was a member of Congress for several years.", "De Cora was married to William Henry \"Lone Star\" Dietz (Wicarhpi Isnala), who claimed Dakota and German descent but his true identity remains highly controversial. Dietz also taught at the Carlisle Indian School. He and De Cora met at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. In addition to his art, Dietz was a notable football player, and in 1915 he became head coach of Washington State; he later was the first head coach of the Washington Redskins. Towards the end of her career, De Cora and her husband taught art at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In her tonalist art work, Angel De Cora painted firelight to illuminate warm memories of her childhood life on the Nebraska plains after she settled far from home in the east\". Her oil Painting, \"for an Indian school exhibit, for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York\" demonstrates the technical prowess and emotional depth of her art. De Cora created the title-page designs for Natalie Curtis's \"The Indians' Book\", a collection of Native American songs, stories, and artwork first published in 1907. Unfortunately not much of De Cora's original paintings remain, but she illustrated her own stories published in \"Harper's Magazine\" and illustrated books. The 1911 \"Yellow Star: A Story of East West\", by Elaine Goodale Eastman features illustrations by De Cora and her husband, William Henry Dietz. Her illustrations are rare for her time period because she portrayed Native Americans wearing contemporary clothing. Angel De Cora contracted pneumonia, and she died in the Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts on 6 February 1919. She is buried at the Bridge Street Cemetery.", "Cyrus E. Dietz Cyrus Edgar Dietz (March 17, 1876 \u2013 September 13, 1929) was a justice of the Illinois Supreme Court and a college football player and coach. Dietz graduated in 1897 from the Grand Prairie Seminary in Onarga, Illinois. Dietz then attended Northwestern University, which was affiliated with the seminary. At Northwestern, Dietz played guard for four seasons for the football team, serving as captain of the team for the 1900 and 1901 seasons. Also starting on the team during three of these years was Dietz's brother, G. O. Dietz. Cyrus Dietz graduated from Northwestern in 1902 with a law degree, and was a member of the Delta Chi fraternity along with his brother. Dietz became the seventh head football coach for the Kansas State Wildcats in 1902, holding that position for one season. Dietz also played with the team in its first game of the year in 1902. His record at Kansas State was 2\u20136. Dietz's brother coached the team the following year. Dietz and his brother subsequently went into the practice of law together, opening a law firm in Moline, Illinois, with Burton Peek. In 1928, Dietz was selected special counsel to represent the State of Illinois in the \"Wisconsin v. Illinois\" case in the U.S. Supreme Court. Dietz was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court on November 6, 1928. He died in office the following year in Moline, after suffering injuries in a fall from a horse. His brother, Godlove O. Dietz died in March of the same year.", "David Dietz David Dietz \"(n\u00e9\" David Henry Dietz; 6 October 1897 Cleveland \u2013 9 December 1984 Cleveland) was an American science journalist and author. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Dietz attended Case Western Reserve University and received his bachelor's degree in 1919. In 1921 he took a position as science editor for the Scripps-Howard Newspapers, a job he kept until his retirement in 1977. From 1927 until his retirement he was a lecturer in general science at his alma mater. Dietz was a member of the Publicity Committee of the United States National Research Council's Division of Medical Science and of Harvard University's Institute on War Problems, and was a consultant to the U. S. Army Surgeon General from 1944 to 1947. He served as science correspondent for NBC News from 1940\u20131950, and was heard on \"Morgan Beatty News of the World\" over 181 stations. Dietz was recognized many times during his career for his contributions to science journalism. For \"coverage of science at the tercentenary of Harvard University\" in 1936, with \"Scripps-Howard\", he shared the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting with writers for four other publishers. He also received the B. F. Goodrich Award for distinguished public service (1940), the Westinghouse Distinguished Science Writers Award (1946), the Lasker Award for medical journalism (1954), and the James T. Grady Award from the American Chemical Society (1961). He received honorary degrees from Western Reserve (D. Litt., 1948) and from Bowling Green State University (1954)."], "answer": {"text": "Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\"", "answer_start": 760}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone find out?", "answer": {"text": "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#3", "question": "What she a teacher or elder in the school?", "rewrite": "Was Angel De Cora a teacher or elder in William Henry Dietz' school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jes\u00fas Cora y Lira Jes\u00fas de Cora y Lira, 1st count of Cora y Lira (1890\u20131969) was a Spanish military and a Carlist politician. In the navy juridical arm he rose to general auditor, a rank equivalent to counter-admiral. He is known mostly as political leader of Carloctavismo, a branch of Carlism which during early Francoism advocated a claim to the Spanish throne raised by Carlos Pio Habsburgo-Lorena y Borb\u00f3n. Along his paternal line Jes\u00fas Cora y Lira was descendant to an established, noble Galician family. The Coras have been for centuries related to the province of Lugo and the comarca of Viveiro. Their first representative was noted in the 15th century and some grew to local regidores; also during late Restauraci\u00f3n a distant Jes\u00fas' relative, Purificaci\u00f3n de Cora y M\u00e1s Villafuerte, apart from setting up a local daily \"\" served also as a civil governor. Jes\u00fas' great-grandfather, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de Cora Aguiar y Maseda, was a military and participated in wars of the Napoleonic era. His son and Jes\u00fas' grandfather, Dario de Cora y Cad\u00f3rniga, joined the Carlists during the First Carlist War. His son and Jes\u00fas' father, Jes\u00fas Cora y Cora (died 1928), served in the navy, though not in combat units but as an official in its juridical branch. Specializing in crew contracting issues he grew to teniente coronel auditor and as head of Cuerpo Jur\u00eddico de la Armada became a distinguished figure in the entire Galicia, not infrequently reported in societ\u00e9 columns of the local press. At unspecified time he married Elisa de Lira y Montenegro; they settled in Viveiro. The couple had 7 children, Jes\u00fas born as the second and the last son.", "Angel De Cora Angel De Cora Dietz (1871\u20131919) was a Winnebago painter, illustrator, Native American rights advocate, and teacher at Carlisle Indian School. She was the best known Native American artist before World War I. Angel De Cora Dietz or Hinook-Mahiwi-Kalinaka (Fleecy Cloud Floating in Place), was born at the Winnebago Agency in Dakota County (now Thurston), Nebraska, on May 3, the daughter of David Tall Decora, a Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) of French ancestry and a son of the Little Decorah, a hereditary chief. Angel was born into the Thunderbird clan; her English and Ho-Chunk names were chosen by a relative who was asked to name her, opened the Bible, and the word \"angel\" caught her eye. Her mother was a member of the influential LaMere family. She was kidnapped at a young age from the Agency, and sent to school in Hampton, Virginia. \"A strange white man appeared on the reservation and asked her, through an interpreter, if she would like to ride on a steam car; with six other children, she decided to try it, and when the ride was ended she found herself in Hampton. ' [It was] three years later when I returned to my mother' says Angel De Cora. ' she told me that for months she wept and mourned for me. My father and the old chief and his wife had died, and with them the old Indian life was gone.' \" As granddaughter to the chief of the Winnebago tribe, De Cora existed in a position of influence since \"among most plains people, power and cultural knowledge were accumulated by and dispensed through females\" (35).", "De Cora was married to William Henry \"Lone Star\" Dietz (Wicarhpi Isnala), who claimed Dakota and German descent but his true identity remains highly controversial. Dietz also taught at the Carlisle Indian School. He and De Cora met at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. In addition to his art, Dietz was a notable football player, and in 1915 he became head coach of Washington State; he later was the first head coach of the Washington Redskins. Towards the end of her career, De Cora and her husband taught art at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In her tonalist art work, Angel De Cora painted firelight to illuminate warm memories of her childhood life on the Nebraska plains after she settled far from home in the east\". Her oil Painting, \"for an Indian school exhibit, for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York\" demonstrates the technical prowess and emotional depth of her art. De Cora created the title-page designs for Natalie Curtis's \"The Indians' Book\", a collection of Native American songs, stories, and artwork first published in 1907. Unfortunately not much of De Cora's original paintings remain, but she illustrated her own stories published in \"Harper's Magazine\" and illustrated books. The 1911 \"Yellow Star: A Story of East West\", by Elaine Goodale Eastman features illustrations by De Cora and her husband, William Henry Dietz. Her illustrations are rare for her time period because she portrayed Native Americans wearing contemporary clothing. Angel De Cora contracted pneumonia, and she died in the Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts on 6 February 1919. She is buried at the Bridge Street Cemetery.", "As head of the Leupp Art Studio from 1906 to 1915, De Cora emphasized design, and encouraged students to apply tribally-specific designs to marketable modern art media such as book plates, textiles, and wallpaper. Carlisle boasted a state-of-the-arts photography studio for students. In 1908, De Cora married a Carlisle student Lone Star Dietz. At the age of 23, Dietz enrolled at Carlisle where he studied art in Philadelphia in the Summer Outing Program. After his marriage to De Cora he continued in the roles of student and assistant art teacher. In 1909, the school launched a monthly literary magazine known as the \"Indian Craftsman\", later changed to \"The Red Man\". Designed by the school's art department, printed and in part written by students, the magazine gained a wide reputation for the quality of its appearance and content. Lone Star created cover designs for almost all of the 50 issues of the magazine between 1909 and 1914. During their time at Carlisle, Angel and Lone Star Dietz brought cultural awareness to students through innovative teaching programs. From 1886 to the onset of World War I, Progressive Reformists fought a war of images with Wild West shows before the American public at world fairs, expositions and parades. Pratt and other reformist progressives led an unsuccessful campaign to discourage Native Americans from joining Wild West shows. Reformist Progressives vigorously opposed to theatrical portrayals of Native Americans in popular Wild West shows and believed Wild West shows portrayed Native Americans as savages and vulgar stereotypes. Reformist progressives also believed Wild West shows exploited and demoralized Native Americans. Other Progressives, such as \"Buffalo Bill\" Cody, who as Pratt believed Indians equals of whites, had a different approach. He allowed Indians to be Indians. New ideas were not to be thrust forcefully upon Native peoples.", "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone."], "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer,", "answer_start": 843}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone find out?", "answer": {"text": "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in school?", "answer": {"text": "Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\"", "answer_start": 760, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#4", "question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "rewrite": "Did William Henry Dietz' marriage to Doris O. Pottlitzer affect the ability to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1901 Chilocco Indian School football team The 1901 Chilocco Indian School football team was an American football team that represented the Chilocco Indian School in the north-central Oklahoma Territory during the 1901 college football season. Records have been found of seven games played by Chilocco in the fall of 1901 and the team compiled a 2\u20135 in those games. One of the team's victories in 1901 was over Oklahoma A&M, now a Division I FBS program. Chilocco was one of three Indian schools in 1901 to field football teams that competed in college football. The other two were Carlisle in Pennsylvania and Haskell in Kansas. William Henry Dietz played football for Chilocco in the early 1900s before transferring to Friends University in the fall of 1904. Dietz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. In November 1901, a plan was announced to convert the school into an agricultural school and to increase its capacity from 400 students to 1,000 students.", "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone.", "1903 Chilocco Indian Agricultural School football team The 1903 Chilocco Indian School football team was an American football team that represented the Chilocco Indian School in the north-central Oklahoma Territory during the 1903 college football season. Records have been found of nine games played by Chilocco in the fall of 1903. Chilocco was one of three Indian schools in the early 1900s to field football teams that competed in college football. The other two were Carlisle in Pennsylvania and Haskell in Kansas. William Henry Dietz played football for Chilocco in the early 1900s before transferring to Friends University in the fall of 1904. Dietz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. By October 1903, enrollment at the school was 770. In December 1903, the \"Arkansas City Daily Traveler\" published the Chilocco football yell as follows: Chiloc Chiloc!<br > Hicoty-hoc< br>Hunkety-chok< br>Small pox, chicken pox<br>Chiloc, Chiloc!<br > Add on an Indian warwhoop and you have the Chilocoo football yell.\"", "Chilocco, Oklahoma  Chilocco is an unincorporated community in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States. The community is located in northern Kay County, south-southwest of Arkansas City, Kansas. Its name came from the Chilocco Indian School, which in turn most likely took its name from the Creek \"tci lako\", which literally meant \"big deer\" but typically referred to a horse. A post office opened in Chilocco on March 27, 1883. Chilocco Indian Agricultural School", "Chilocco Indian Agricultural School Chilocco Indian School was an agricultural school for Native Americans on reserved land in north-central Oklahoma from 1884 to 1980. It was approximately 20 miles north of Ponca City, Oklahoma and seven miles north of Newkirk, Oklahoma, near the Kansas border. The name \"Chilocco\" is apparently derived from a Muscogee word meaning \"big deer\" or horse. In 1912 the Oklahoma Supreme Court heard a case over an election dispute involving whisky and whether the Chilocco reservation was part of Kay County and Oklahoma or \"Indian Territory\". The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school land was not an Indian Reservation, that the school was an off-reservation entity, and that the word reservation had various meanings and the area was not reserved as Indian territory. The U.S. Congress in 1882 authorized the creation of five non-reservation boarding schools. Chilocco was one of the five which also included Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, Haskell Indian Nations University in Kansas, Chemawa Indian School in Oregon, and Fort Simcoe in Washington. Major James M. Haworth, first Superintendent of Indian Schools, selected a site for the school along Chilocco Creek and the school was established according to an executive order signed by president James Garfield. Chilocco was located in the Cherokee Outlet or Cherokee Strip and the Cherokee provided 8,640 acres (35 km2) of land to help Chilocco fulfill its mandate for agricultural education. Chilocco provided academic and vocational education to American Indian students from all tribes in the United States. The objective of the school was to integrate and assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American life. Until the 1930s, the school relied on a highly structured and strict military regime."], "answer": {"text": "Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him", "answer_start": 963}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone find out?", "answer": {"text": "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in school?", "answer": {"text": "Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\"", "answer_start": 760, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What she a teacher or elder in the school?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer,", "answer_start": 843, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#5", "question": "Was he allowed to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "rewrite": "Was William Henry Dietz allowed to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chilocco Indian Agricultural School Chilocco Indian School was an agricultural school for Native Americans on reserved land in north-central Oklahoma from 1884 to 1980. It was approximately 20 miles north of Ponca City, Oklahoma and seven miles north of Newkirk, Oklahoma, near the Kansas border. The name \"Chilocco\" is apparently derived from a Muscogee word meaning \"big deer\" or horse. In 1912 the Oklahoma Supreme Court heard a case over an election dispute involving whisky and whether the Chilocco reservation was part of Kay County and Oklahoma or \"Indian Territory\". The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school land was not an Indian Reservation, that the school was an off-reservation entity, and that the word reservation had various meanings and the area was not reserved as Indian territory. The U.S. Congress in 1882 authorized the creation of five non-reservation boarding schools. Chilocco was one of the five which also included Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania, Haskell Indian Nations University in Kansas, Chemawa Indian School in Oregon, and Fort Simcoe in Washington. Major James M. Haworth, first Superintendent of Indian Schools, selected a site for the school along Chilocco Creek and the school was established according to an executive order signed by president James Garfield. Chilocco was located in the Cherokee Outlet or Cherokee Strip and the Cherokee provided 8,640 acres (35 km2) of land to help Chilocco fulfill its mandate for agricultural education. Chilocco provided academic and vocational education to American Indian students from all tribes in the United States. The objective of the school was to integrate and assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American life. Until the 1930s, the school relied on a highly structured and strict military regime.", "1901 Chilocco Indian School football team The 1901 Chilocco Indian School football team was an American football team that represented the Chilocco Indian School in the north-central Oklahoma Territory during the 1901 college football season. Records have been found of seven games played by Chilocco in the fall of 1901 and the team compiled a 2\u20135 in those games. One of the team's victories in 1901 was over Oklahoma A&M, now a Division I FBS program. Chilocco was one of three Indian schools in 1901 to field football teams that competed in college football. The other two were Carlisle in Pennsylvania and Haskell in Kansas. William Henry Dietz played football for Chilocco in the early 1900s before transferring to Friends University in the fall of 1904. Dietz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. In November 1901, a plan was announced to convert the school into an agricultural school and to increase its capacity from 400 students to 1,000 students.", "1903 Chilocco Indian Agricultural School football team The 1903 Chilocco Indian School football team was an American football team that represented the Chilocco Indian School in the north-central Oklahoma Territory during the 1903 college football season. Records have been found of nine games played by Chilocco in the fall of 1903. Chilocco was one of three Indian schools in the early 1900s to field football teams that competed in college football. The other two were Carlisle in Pennsylvania and Haskell in Kansas. William Henry Dietz played football for Chilocco in the early 1900s before transferring to Friends University in the fall of 1904. Dietz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. By October 1903, enrollment at the school was 770. In December 1903, the \"Arkansas City Daily Traveler\" published the Chilocco football yell as follows: Chiloc Chiloc!<br > Hicoty-hoc< br>Hunkety-chok< br>Small pox, chicken pox<br>Chiloc, Chiloc!<br > Add on an Indian warwhoop and you have the Chilocoo football yell.\"", "Chilocco, Oklahoma  Chilocco is an unincorporated community in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States. The community is located in northern Kay County, south-southwest of Arkansas City, Kansas. Its name came from the Chilocco Indian School, which in turn most likely took its name from the Creek \"tci lako\", which literally meant \"big deer\" but typically referred to a horse. A post office opened in Chilocco on March 27, 1883. Chilocco Indian Agricultural School", "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone find out?", "answer": {"text": "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in school?", "answer": {"text": "Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\"", "answer_start": 760, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What she a teacher or elder in the school?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer,", "answer_start": 843, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "answer": {"text": "Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#6", "question": "What did he do when he left school?", "rewrite": "What did William Henry Dietz do when he left school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone.", "1932 Haskell Indians football team The 1932 Haskell Indians football team was an American football that represented the Haskell Institute (now known as Haskell Indian Nations University) during the 1932 college football season. In its fourth and final year under head coach William Henry Dietz, the team compiled a 2\u20135\u20131 record. Louis Weller, John Levi, and Egbert Ward were assistant coaches. Oren Crowe, a Cherokee Indian, was the team captain. Crowe was also selected as the first-team center on the 1932 All-Kansas football team. Halfback Robert Holmes was named to the second team. Prior to the start of the 1932 season, the school announced that it would limit the football team to eight game in order to allow players to focus on classroom work. In addition, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) terminated junior college offerings at Haskell, with the result that many players were unable to return to the school. After the 1932 season, the BIA announced its opposition to Haskell's \"commercialized inter-institutional athletics. \" Thereafter, Haskell never again reached the heights of big-time college football. Coach Dietz resigned his Haskell position in March 1933 to accept a job in the National Football League as the head coach of the Boston Redskins (later renamed the Washington Redskins). Assistant coach Weller also left Haskell and played for Dietz's 1933 Boston Redskins.", "Washington State Cougars football The Washington State Cougars football program is the intercollegiate American football team for Washington State University, located in Pullman, Washington. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the North Division of the Pac-12 Conference (Pac-12). Known as the Cougars, the first football team was fielded in 1894. The Cougars play home games on campus at Martin Stadium, which opened in 1972; the site dates back to 1892 as Soldier Field and was renamed Rogers Field ten years later. Its present seating capacity is 33,522. Their main rivals are the Washington Huskies of Seattle; the teams historically end the regular season with the Apple Cup rivalry game in late November. The Cougars are currently led by head coach Mike Leach. Washington State's first head football coach was William Goodyear. That team played only two games in its inaugural season in 1894, posting a 1\u20131 record. The team's first win was over Idaho. The first paid head football coach was William L. Allen, who served as head coach in 1900 and 1902, posting an overall record of 6\u20133\u20131. John R. Bender served as head football coach from 1906\u20131907 and 1912\u20131914, compiling a record of 21\u201312. William Henry Dietz was the Cougars' head football coach from 1915\u20131917, posting a stellar 17\u20132\u20131 record. Dietz's 1915 team defeated Brown in the Rose Bowl, and finished with a 7\u20130 record. Dietz was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2012. Albert Exendine served as Washington State's head football coach from 1923\u20131925, posting a 6\u201313\u20134 overall record. Babe Hollingbery was the Cougars' head football coach for 17 seasons, posting a record.", "De Cora was married to William Henry \"Lone Star\" Dietz (Wicarhpi Isnala), who claimed Dakota and German descent but his true identity remains highly controversial. Dietz also taught at the Carlisle Indian School. He and De Cora met at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. In addition to his art, Dietz was a notable football player, and in 1915 he became head coach of Washington State; he later was the first head coach of the Washington Redskins. Towards the end of her career, De Cora and her husband taught art at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In her tonalist art work, Angel De Cora painted firelight to illuminate warm memories of her childhood life on the Nebraska plains after she settled far from home in the east\". Her oil Painting, \"for an Indian school exhibit, for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York\" demonstrates the technical prowess and emotional depth of her art. De Cora created the title-page designs for Natalie Curtis's \"The Indians' Book\", a collection of Native American songs, stories, and artwork first published in 1907. Unfortunately not much of De Cora's original paintings remain, but she illustrated her own stories published in \"Harper's Magazine\" and illustrated books. The 1911 \"Yellow Star: A Story of East West\", by Elaine Goodale Eastman features illustrations by De Cora and her husband, William Henry Dietz. Her illustrations are rare for her time period because she portrayed Native Americans wearing contemporary clothing. Angel De Cora contracted pneumonia, and she died in the Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts on 6 February 1919. She is buried at the Bridge Street Cemetery.", "David Dietz David Dietz \"(n\u00e9\" David Henry Dietz; 6 October 1897 Cleveland \u2013 9 December 1984 Cleveland) was an American science journalist and author. He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1937. Dietz attended Case Western Reserve University and received his bachelor's degree in 1919. In 1921 he took a position as science editor for the Scripps-Howard Newspapers, a job he kept until his retirement in 1977. From 1927 until his retirement he was a lecturer in general science at his alma mater. Dietz was a member of the Publicity Committee of the United States National Research Council's Division of Medical Science and of Harvard University's Institute on War Problems, and was a consultant to the U. S. Army Surgeon General from 1944 to 1947. He served as science correspondent for NBC News from 1940\u20131950, and was heard on \"Morgan Beatty News of the World\" over 181 stations. Dietz was recognized many times during his career for his contributions to science journalism. For \"coverage of science at the tercentenary of Harvard University\" in 1936, with \"Scripps-Howard\", he shared the Pulitzer Prize for Reporting with writers for four other publishers. He also received the B. F. Goodrich Award for distinguished public service (1940), the Westinghouse Distinguished Science Writers Award (1946), the Lasker Award for medical journalism (1954), and the James T. Grady Award from the American Chemical Society (1961). He received honorary degrees from Western Reserve (D. Litt., 1948) and from Bowling Green State University (1954)."], "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana.", "answer_start": 843}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone find out?", "answer": {"text": "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in school?", "answer": {"text": "Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\"", "answer_start": 760, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What she a teacher or elder in the school?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer,", "answer_start": 843, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "answer": {"text": "Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he allowed to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_348a4079037044c5985118ce0a17a3cf_1_q#7", "question": "How long was he with Purdue?", "rewrite": "How long was William Henry Dietz with Purdue?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Purdue Boilermakers head football coaches The Purdue Boilermakers football program is a college football team that represents Purdue University in the Big Ten Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The team has had 36 head coaches and 2 interim coaches since it started playing organized football in 1887 and has been known by the nickname \"Boilermakers\" since 1891. Purdue is an original member of the Big Ten, joining in 1896 after spending six years in the Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The Boilermakers have played in 1,187 games during their 126 seasons. Six coaches have led the Boilermakers to postseason bowl games: Jack Mollenkopf, Jim Young, Leon Burtnett, Joe Tiller, Danny Hope, and Jeff Brohm. Nine coaches have won conference championships with the Boilermakers: Snake Ames and D. M. Balliet in the Indiana Intercollegiate Athletic Association, and A. G. Scanlon, James Phelan, Noble Kizer, Elmer Burnham, Stu Holcomb, Mollenkopf and Tiller in the Big Ten. No Purdue coach has led the Boilermakers to a national championship. As of the end of the 2017 season, Tiller is the all-time leader in games coached (149) and wins (87), while Mollenkopf is the all-time leader years coached (14). Ames leads the Boilermakers in winning percentage with a perfect 1.000 in his two seasons at Purdue. Among coaches with more than two seasons of tenure, Kizer has the highest winning percentage, .750, and Darrell Hazell has the lowest winning percentage, with a record of 9-33-0 (.214) in three and half seasons. Of the 36 Boilermakers coaches, five have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame: Andy Smith, William Henry Dietz, Phelan, Mollenkopf and Young.", "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium at the National Museum of the American Indian. According to census records and to his birth certificate, he was born William Henry Dietz, or \"Willie,\" on August 17, 1884, in Rice Lake, Wisconsin, at 16 West Humbird Street. His father William Wallace Dietz, settled in the area in 1871 and was elected county sheriff in 1877. He married Leanna Ginder in November 1879. \"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time. As Waggoner wrote, \"Naturally, visitors to the St. Louis World's Fair exhibit, including Dietz's future wife, Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\" In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz to replace Coach Lud Wray. In 1937, the team moved to Washington, D.C.  For the rest of his life, Dietz continued to promote himself as Lone Star Dietz, the son of W.W. and Julia One Star of Pine Ridge. He took on his last coaching job in 1937 for Albright College in Pennsylvania; in 1964, still married to Doris, Dietz died in Reading, Pennsylvania. He and Doris were so poor that former teammates purchased his headstone.", "1921 Purdue Boilermakers football team The 1921 Purdue Boilermakers football team was an American football team that represented Purdue University during the 1921 Big Ten Conference football season. In their first season under head coach William Henry Dietz, the Boilermakers compiled a 1\u20136 record, finished in a tie for eighth place in the Big Ten Conference with a 1\u20134 record against conference opponents, and were outscored by their opponents by a combined total of 95 to 9. E. R. Carman was the team captain.", "In the fall of 1893, D. M. Balliet became the head football coach at Purdue. He led the team to a 5\u20132\u20131 record in 1893 and 9\u20131 in 1894. During the 1894 season, Balliet's Purdue squad defeated Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons and outscored opponents by a collective score of 177 to 42. His 1895 squad finished with a record of 4\u20133. In 1897, Balliet was reported to have given up a successful law practice to join the Klondike Gold Rush in Alaska. Balliet was re-hired as the head coach at Purdue in September 1901. He led the 1901 Purdue team to a 4\u20134\u20131 record, but finished the season with consecutive losses to Notre Dame, Illinois, and Northwestern. At the end of the 1901 season, Purdue opted not to renew his services. In March 1902, the \"Indianapolis News\" reported, \"He is known to be a good coach, but he turned out a loser last year and Purdue wants a change. \" In four seasons as Purdue's head coach, Balliet compiled a record of 22\u201310\u20132. On October 31, 1903, 14 members of the 1903 squad were killed in Indianapolis Indiana when the train they were riding collided with a coal train. The event became known as the Purdue Wreck. Purdue bounced around with many different head coaches until 1921, with most having little to no success coaching at Purdue. However Purdue did hire Andy Smith (1913\u201315) and William Henry Dietz (1921), both of which would go on to become College Football Hall of Fame members. For the 1922 season, Purdue hired Missouri Tigers football coach, James Phelan. Phelan lead the 1929 Boilermakers to a perfect 8-0 record and what is to date their only ever outright Big Ten Title.", "De Cora was married to William Henry \"Lone Star\" Dietz (Wicarhpi Isnala), who claimed Dakota and German descent but his true identity remains highly controversial. Dietz also taught at the Carlisle Indian School. He and De Cora met at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. In addition to his art, Dietz was a notable football player, and in 1915 he became head coach of Washington State; he later was the first head coach of the Washington Redskins. Towards the end of her career, De Cora and her husband taught art at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In her tonalist art work, Angel De Cora painted firelight to illuminate warm memories of her childhood life on the Nebraska plains after she settled far from home in the east\". Her oil Painting, \"for an Indian school exhibit, for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York\" demonstrates the technical prowess and emotional depth of her art. De Cora created the title-page designs for Natalie Curtis's \"The Indians' Book\", a collection of Native American songs, stories, and artwork first published in 1907. Unfortunately not much of De Cora's original paintings remain, but she illustrated her own stories published in \"Harper's Magazine\" and illustrated books. The 1911 \"Yellow Star: A Story of East West\", by Elaine Goodale Eastman features illustrations by De Cora and her husband, William Henry Dietz. Her illustrations are rare for her time period because she portrayed Native Americans wearing contemporary clothing. Angel De Cora contracted pneumonia, and she died in the Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts on 6 February 1919. She is buried at the Bridge Street Cemetery."], "answer": {"text": "The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him for illegal recruiting. In spring 1933, George Preston Marshall, owner of the Boston Braves, hired Dietz", "answer_start": 1037}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did William Henry Dietz go to school?", "answer": {"text": "\"Willie\" attended Oklahoma's Chilocco Indian Agricultural School, where it is likely he feigned some kind of Indian identity for the first time.", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone find out?", "answer": {"text": "Historian Linda M. Waggoner has traced Dietz' heritage in several articles in Indian Country Today Media Network and at a 2013 symposium", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in school?", "answer": {"text": "Winnebago artist Angel De Cora (1871-1919), thought Dietz was a Chilocco student.\"", "answer_start": 760, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What she a teacher or elder in the school?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana. After Angel De Cora died in 1919, he married Doris O. Pottlitzer,", "answer_start": 843, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this affect his ability to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "answer": {"text": "Doris O. Pottlitzer, a middle-aged local journalist, on January 29, 1922. The week previous to their marriage, Purdue officials fired him", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he allowed to stay in the Oklahoma Chilocco Indian Agricultural School?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he left school?", "answer": {"text": "In 1921, Dietz took a coaching position with Purdue University in Indiana.", "answer_start": 843, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#0", "question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Remembering in Natural Contexts\" with Ulric Neisser in 2000. There is considerable debate currently over whether or not 'recovered' childhood memories in adulthood can be considered accurate; Hyman's experiments on Childhood Memories demonstrated that there are reasons to doubt the authenticity of these recovered memories. In a 1995 study with Troy H. Husband and F. James Billings, Hyman found that when given misleading information, college-students will create a fictitious memory of their childhood. In this study, called \"False Memories of Childhood Experiences\" Hyman and his colleagues sent questionnaires to the parents of psychology students, asking them to describe meaningful events in their children's life, such as getting lost, losing a pet, or taking a family vacation. The child (now a college-student) was then asked to recall several of the 'real' events as recorded by their parent, and also a 'false' event, created by the researchers as a misleading guide, in two separate interviews. It was found that while none of the participants incorporated the false information into their memories in the initial interview, in the follow-up interview 20% of the participants had created a false memory using the misleading information. A second related experiment revealed, that regardless what age the experimenters claimed the false event happened at (ages 2, 6 or 10) participants created false memories at the same rate. This experiment shown that as long as some relevant background material is present, under peer pressure people are likely to create false childhood memories. These results have significant implication in therapy situations, in which one is attempting to recover childhood memories, which may instead lead to creation of false memories. Hyman then conducted a similar study three years later, in 1998, to distinguish if there were certain personality types that were more likely to create false childhood memories.", "These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\".", "Childhood memory Childhood memory refers to memories formed during childhood. Among its other roles, memory functions to guide present behaviour and to predict future outcomes. Memory in childhood is qualitatively and quantitatively different from the memories formed and retrieved in late adolescence and the adult years. Childhood memory research is relatively recent in relation to the study of other types of cognitive processes underpinning behaviour. Understanding the mechanisms by which memories in childhood are encoded and later retrieved has important implications in many areas. Research into childhood memory includes topics such as childhood memory formation and retrieval mechanisms in relation to those in adults, controversies surrounding infantile amnesia and the fact that adults have relatively poor memories of early childhood, the ways in which school environment and family environment influence memory, and the ways in which memory can be improved in childhood to improve overall cognition, performance in school, and well-being, both in childhood and in adulthood. Childhood memories have several unique qualities. The experimental psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist Endel Tulving refers to memory as \u201cmental time travel\u201d, a process unique to humans. However, early memories are notoriously sparse from the perspective of an adult trying to recall his or her childhood in depth. Explicit knowledge of the world is a form of declarative memory, which can be broken down further into semantic memory, and episodic memory, which encompasses both autobiographical memory and event memory. Most people have no memory prior to three years of age, and few memories between three and six years of age, as verified by analysis of the forgetting curve in adults recalling childhood memories. Childhood memory research is relatively recent, having gained significant amounts of scientific interest within the last two decades. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanisms underpinning childhood memory. Until relatively recently, it was thought that children have only a very general memory and that \u201coverwrite mechanisms\u201d prevented the later retrieval of early memories.", "Memories, Dreams, Reflections  Memories, Dreams, Reflections () is a partially autobiographical book by Swiss psychologist Carl Jung and an associate, Aniela Jaff\u00e9. First published in German in 1962, an English translation appeared in 1963. In 1956 Kurt Wolff, publisher and owner of Pantheon Books, expressed a desire to publish a biography of Jung's life. Dr. Jolande Jacobi, an associate of Jung, suggested that Aniela Jaff\u00e9 be the biographer. At first, Jung was reluctant to cooperate with Jaff\u00e9, but, because of his growing conviction of the work's importance, he became engrossed in the project and began writing some of the text himself. Jung wrote the first three chapters (about his childhood and early adulthood). In the introduction to the book Aniela Jaff\u00e9 noted: \u201cOne morning he informed me that he wanted to set down his recollections of his childhood directly. By this time he had already told me a good many of his earliest memories, but there were still great gaps in the story. This decision was as gratifying as it was unexpected, for I knew how great a strain writing was for Jung. At his advanced age he would not undertake anything of the sort unless he felt it was a \u201ctask\u201d imposed on him from within.\u201d Some time afterwards she noted down a remark of Jung\u2019s: Jung also contributed part of the chapter titled \"Travels\" (the part about his travels to Kenya and Uganda), and the chapter titled \"Late Thoughts. \" The rest of the text was written by Jaff\u00e9 in collaboration with Jung. The content and layout of the book was much disputed. Jung's family, in the interest of keeping Jung's private life from the public eye, pushed for deletions and other changes. The publisher demanded that the text be greatly shortened to keep the price of printing down.", "Complex (psychology) A complex is a core pattern of emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes in the personal unconscious organized around a common theme, such as power or status. Primarily a psychoanalytic term, it is found extensively in the works of Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud. An example of a complex would be as follows: if one had a leg amputated when one was a child, this would influence one's life in profound ways, even if he or she overcame the physical handicap. A person may have many thoughts, emotions, memories, feelings of inferiority, triumphs, bitterness, and determinations centering on that one aspect of his or her life. If these thoughts were troubling and pervasive, Jung might say he or she had a complex about the leg. The reality of complexes is widely agreed upon in the area of depth psychology, a branch of psychology asserting that the vast majority of the personality is determined and influenced by unconscious processes. Complexes are common features of the psychic landscape, according to Jung's accounting of the psyche, and often become relevant in psychotherapy to examine and resolve, most especially in the journey toward individuation or wholeness. Without resolution, complexes continue to exert unconscious, maladaptive influence on our thoughts, feelings, and behavior and keep us from achieving psychological integration. Carl Jung distinguished between two types of unconscious mind: the personal unconscious and collective unconscious. The personal unconscious was the accumulation of experiences from a person's lifetime that could not be consciously recalled. The collective unconscious, on the other hand, was a sort of universal inheritance of human beings, a \"species memory\" passed on to each of us, not unlike the motor programs and instincts of other animals. Jung believed the personal unconscious was dominated by complexes."], "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#1", "question": "Did he do anything else with it?", "rewrite": "Did young Carl Jung do anything else with the tiny mannequin Jung carved besides placing the mannequin into a pencil case?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pencil case A pencil case or pencil box is a container used to store pencils. A pencil case can also contain a variety of other stationery such as sharpeners, pens, glue sticks, erasers, scissors, rulers and calculators. Pencil cases can be made from a variety of materials such as wood or metal. Some pencil cases have a hard and rigid shell encasing the pens inside, while others use a softer material such as plastic, leather or cotton. Soft versions are typically fastened with a zipper. The intent of having a pencil case is for easy portability of small items such as pencils. They may also contain other stationery such as pens,glue sticks and staplers. Some pencil cases double as make up bags. Early pencil cases were round or cylindrical in shape. Some early pencil cases were decorated with jasper (one from 1860) or platinum (from 1874). In 1946, the first patent for a pencil case was placed in the United States. This patent was made by Verona Pearl Amoth, who also invented other tools of the field like replaceable erasers for pencils.", "Jung was a solitary and introverted child. From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--a modern Swiss citizen and a personality more suited to the 18th century. \"Personality Number 1\", as he termed it, was a typical schoolboy living in the era of the time. \"Personality Number 2\" was a dignified, authoritative and influential man from the past. Although Jung was close to both parents, he was disappointed by his father's academic approach to faith. A number of childhood memories made lifelong impressions on him. As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case. He added a stone, which he had painted into upper and lower halves, and hid the case in the attic. Periodically, he would return to the mannequin, often bringing tiny sheets of paper with messages inscribed on them in his own secret language. He later reflected that this ceremonial act brought him a feeling of inner peace and security. Years later, he discovered similarities between his personal experience and the practices associated with totems in indigenous cultures, such as the collection of soul-stones near Arlesheim or the tjurungas of Australia. He concluded that his intuitive ceremonial act was an unconscious ritual, which he had practiced in a way that was strikingly similar to those in distant locations which he, as a young boy, knew nothing about. His observations about symbols, archetypes, and the collective unconscious were inspired, in part, by these early experiences combined with his later research. At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard that he momentarily lost consciousness. (Jung later recognized that the incident was his fault, indirectly.)", "Illuminated mannequin Illuminated mannequins are a home decor piece that were popular in the 1970s and 1980s in the United States. Although niche items of decor, their less known style was a symbol in 70s fashion and home furnishing. An illuminated mannequin is a full or part body mannequin which illuminates from inside as an alternative to floor lamps. The illuminated mannequin was originally manufactured and released by Adel Rootstein as a decorative counterpart to her widely successful Twiggy Mannequin. Rootstein became well-known thanks to the success of the Twiggy mannequin, and the illuminated mannequin followed as a lesser known counterpart in its wake. Adel Rootstein has gifted her home d\u00e9cor mannequins to musicians and actors which she is inspired by, as mentioned briefly in an interview with Stevie Nicks in 1983. There have been various celebrity photographs taken in which the illuminated mannequins can be seen in the celebrities homes, most notably Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac and Michael Jackson. The illuminated mannequin is quoted as an early inspiration to Ralph Pucci of the Pucci Mannequins. Pucci\u2019s mannequin display \u2018THE ART OF THE MANNEQUIN\u2019 at the Museum of Arts and Design (MAD) had an illuminated mannequin form amongst the many models in his display. From March 31 to August 30, 2015, thirty of Pucci\u2019s most memorable mannequins were on display for museum goers. Finding the exhibition, \u201cextremely gratifying,\u201d Pucci was thrilled that the visual industry is getting a shining moment in a museum whose mission is to \u201cdocument contemporary and historic innovation in craft, art, and design.\u201d", "These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\".", "In 1906, Freud interpreted several of Jung's dreams of the period as portending the \"failure of a marriage for money\" (\"das Scheitern einer Geldheirat\"). Around the birth of the couple's last child in 1914, Jung is said to have begun a relationship with a young female patient and trainee, Antonia Wolff, which was to last for several decades. Shortly after the child's birth, Jung and Wolff set off for a \"vacation\" in Ravenna. In her biography of Jung, Deirdre Bair describes Emma Jung as just tolerating it when her husband inserted Wolff into the household, but she was excluded from all meal times and evenings. For Jung, Wolff was \"his other wife\". Wolff tried to persuade Jung to divorce Emma, but this did not happen. A former patient of Jung's and later a psychoanalyst, Sabina Spielrein, claimed to have been Jung's lover, keeping a diary to document the relationship. Emma died in 1955, predeceasing Jung by almost six years. After her death from a recurrence of cancer, Jung carved a stone in her name, \"She was the foundation of my house\". He is also said to have wailed, \"She was a queen! She was a queen!\" (\"\"Sie war eine K\u00f6nigin! Sie war eine K\u00f6nigin!\" \") as he grieved for her. Her gravestone was inscribed: \"Oh vase, sign of devotion and obedience.\""], "answer": {"text": "He added a stone, which he had painted", "answer_start": 671}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#2", "question": "Did he carve anything else?", "rewrite": "Did Carl Jung carve anything else besides a tiny mannequin?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\".", "Unlike MBTI, which is widely criticized for the lack of validity and utility, the socionics model, which is in some use in Eastern and Western Europe, as well as throughout Eurasia, Central Asia, and the Baltic nations, strives to stay very close to the original descriptions and type labels suggested by Carl Jung. According to Betty Lou Leaver, \"today's concepts of personality emanate most frequently from the work of Carl Jung, whose theories and research have blossomed into a juncture of philosophical and sociological inquiry. This field of inquiry has been called socionics.\" According to Sergei Moshenkov and Tung Tang Wing, \"MBTI and Socionics are contemporary sister sciences that categorize and describe human personality types in accordance to the predominance of certain mental faculties called psychic functions by Dr. Carl Jung.\" A. Shmelev in his review of the book \"MBTI: type definition\" by I. Myers-Briggs and P. Myers notes the highest popularity of socionic books in Russian and remarks that their authors are appealing to the literary and artistic associations of the mass reader, in contradistinction to books on MBTI, which contain the empirical and statistical data on the types distribution in professional groups. S.A. Bogomaz considers the socionic typology as a version of post-Jung typology and believes that on a number of criteria it is more perspective than MBTI for the study of the differences between people, because it expands the volume of the typological features and offers an opportunity to form various typological groups with different motivations, attitudes, temperament, perception of information and thinking styles. It is also important the existence of preconditions to study intertype relations, that are substantially not developed within MBTI.", "Jung saw the human psyche as containing everything necessary to grow, adapt, and heal itself. He believed that people were capable of directing their own personality development and benefiting from both positive and negative life experiences (Quenk 2002). In his studies, Carl Jung divided the psyche into the unconscious and the conscious minds. Freud viewed the unconscious as containing the Id, the Superego and the Ego, whereas Jung developed a different model. He described the unconscious as consisting of two major components: the Personal Unconscious and the Collective Unconscious (Quenk 2002). Jung looked at all behavior including neurotic symptoms as ways of stimulating an individual's growth toward completion. He was interested in personality development as it occurred over the life span and saw it as an ongoing process. The Personal Unconscious, as conceived by Jung, encompasses the totality of what Freud recognized as \"the unconscious\" and corresponds to what most of us intuitively associate with the term \"unconscious mind. \" It contains those elements of our own unique life experience which have been forgotten, ignored, repressed, suppressed or otherwise blocked from consciousness. Some of these elements can be easily recalled into consciousness at will, while others may be more difficult to access or retrieve. In simpler terms, the Personal Unconscious are the thoughts, ideas, emotions, and other mental phenomena acquired and repressed during one's lifetime. Many philosophers have advanced the theory that the human mind is a \"blank slate,\" capable of being molded by our upbringing, which includes social experiences. In working with patients, Carl Jung observed the development of repeated themes in different people's artwork, dreams and fantasies. Yet he noticed that many of these themes had no relation to and could not have originated from any connection to the person's own individual life experiences. Jung concluded that, in addition to our Personal Unconscious, we each possess a deeper aspect of the unconscious.", "Jung was a solitary and introverted child. From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--a modern Swiss citizen and a personality more suited to the 18th century. \"Personality Number 1\", as he termed it, was a typical schoolboy living in the era of the time. \"Personality Number 2\" was a dignified, authoritative and influential man from the past. Although Jung was close to both parents, he was disappointed by his father's academic approach to faith. A number of childhood memories made lifelong impressions on him. As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case. He added a stone, which he had painted into upper and lower halves, and hid the case in the attic. Periodically, he would return to the mannequin, often bringing tiny sheets of paper with messages inscribed on them in his own secret language. He later reflected that this ceremonial act brought him a feeling of inner peace and security. Years later, he discovered similarities between his personal experience and the practices associated with totems in indigenous cultures, such as the collection of soul-stones near Arlesheim or the tjurungas of Australia. He concluded that his intuitive ceremonial act was an unconscious ritual, which he had practiced in a way that was strikingly similar to those in distant locations which he, as a young boy, knew nothing about. His observations about symbols, archetypes, and the collective unconscious were inspired, in part, by these early experiences combined with his later research. At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard that he momentarily lost consciousness. (Jung later recognized that the incident was his fault, indirectly.)", "Avis M. Dry Avis Mary Dry (30 April 1922 \u2013 26 January 2007) was a clinical psychologist and an author on the psychology of Carl Jung. Although British by birth, she spent much of her early life in New Zealand after her parents emigrated when she was five. Dry obtained her Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. She returned to England in 1956, where she obtained her PhD in Psychology from the University of Leeds. Dry worked briefly as a psychologist at Denby Hospital in Wales, before she took a research psychology post at the C. G. Jung Institute in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. In 1976, she accepted a position as head of Leeds MIND, where she remained until 1996. Dry died on 26 January 2007. In 1961, she published \"The Psychology of Jung: A Critical Interpretation\". Based on her doctoral studies, Dry tried to provide a neutral assessment of Carl Jung's work, in response to other books that had taken both very pro-Jung and very anti-Jung stances. In the \"Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica\", the Fordhams commended this book, saying that \"a fairly good critical assessment is provided by Avis M. Dry\" in their bibliography of books of Jung."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with it?", "answer": {"text": "He added a stone, which he had painted", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#3", "question": "What are some other childhood memories?", "rewrite": "Besides carving a tiny mannequin, what are some other childhood memories Carl Jung had?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Memories, Dreams, Reflections  Memories, Dreams, Reflections () is a partially autobiographical book by Swiss psychologist Carl Jung and an associate, Aniela Jaff\u00e9. First published in German in 1962, an English translation appeared in 1963. In 1956 Kurt Wolff, publisher and owner of Pantheon Books, expressed a desire to publish a biography of Jung's life. Dr. Jolande Jacobi, an associate of Jung, suggested that Aniela Jaff\u00e9 be the biographer. At first, Jung was reluctant to cooperate with Jaff\u00e9, but, because of his growing conviction of the work's importance, he became engrossed in the project and began writing some of the text himself. Jung wrote the first three chapters (about his childhood and early adulthood). In the introduction to the book Aniela Jaff\u00e9 noted: \u201cOne morning he informed me that he wanted to set down his recollections of his childhood directly. By this time he had already told me a good many of his earliest memories, but there were still great gaps in the story. This decision was as gratifying as it was unexpected, for I knew how great a strain writing was for Jung. At his advanced age he would not undertake anything of the sort unless he felt it was a \u201ctask\u201d imposed on him from within.\u201d Some time afterwards she noted down a remark of Jung\u2019s: Jung also contributed part of the chapter titled \"Travels\" (the part about his travels to Kenya and Uganda), and the chapter titled \"Late Thoughts. \" The rest of the text was written by Jaff\u00e9 in collaboration with Jung. The content and layout of the book was much disputed. Jung's family, in the interest of keeping Jung's private life from the public eye, pushed for deletions and other changes. The publisher demanded that the text be greatly shortened to keep the price of printing down.", "These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\".", "Remembering in Natural Contexts\" with Ulric Neisser in 2000. There is considerable debate currently over whether or not 'recovered' childhood memories in adulthood can be considered accurate; Hyman's experiments on Childhood Memories demonstrated that there are reasons to doubt the authenticity of these recovered memories. In a 1995 study with Troy H. Husband and F. James Billings, Hyman found that when given misleading information, college-students will create a fictitious memory of their childhood. In this study, called \"False Memories of Childhood Experiences\" Hyman and his colleagues sent questionnaires to the parents of psychology students, asking them to describe meaningful events in their children's life, such as getting lost, losing a pet, or taking a family vacation. The child (now a college-student) was then asked to recall several of the 'real' events as recorded by their parent, and also a 'false' event, created by the researchers as a misleading guide, in two separate interviews. It was found that while none of the participants incorporated the false information into their memories in the initial interview, in the follow-up interview 20% of the participants had created a false memory using the misleading information. A second related experiment revealed, that regardless what age the experimenters claimed the false event happened at (ages 2, 6 or 10) participants created false memories at the same rate. This experiment shown that as long as some relevant background material is present, under peer pressure people are likely to create false childhood memories. These results have significant implication in therapy situations, in which one is attempting to recover childhood memories, which may instead lead to creation of false memories. Hyman then conducted a similar study three years later, in 1998, to distinguish if there were certain personality types that were more likely to create false childhood memories.", "Amed nes\u00eem -i subh-dem Amed nes\u00eem -i subh-dem is a Persian traditional music and Ottoman classical music tune .The meter is . Its music was composed by Abd al-Qadir Maraghi. \u00c2med nes\u00eem- i s\u00fbbh-u dem Tersem ki \u00e2z\u00e2re\u015f k\u00fbned Tahr\u00eek -i z\u00fblf-\u00fb anbere\u015f Ez h\u00e2b'\u0131 b\u00eed\u00e2re\u015f k\u00fbned (am\u00e2n) Tenna dirna deddere dilli ney Tenna dirna deddere dilli ney \u00c2h teneni ta dir ney Teneni ta dir ney Dir ney dir ney Ez h\u00e2b'\u0131 b\u00eed\u00e2re\u015f k\u00fbned (am\u00e2n) \u00c2h ye le li ye le l\u00e2 Ye le li ye le l\u00e2 dost Ye le li ye le l\u00e2 Ye le li ye le l\u00e2 dost Ez h\u00e2b'\u0131 b\u00eed\u00e2re\u015f k\u00fbned (am\u00e2n) Sult\u00e2n\u0131ma sult\u00e2n\u0131ma R\u00e2hmet bek\u00fbn ber c\u00e2n\u0131ma \u00c2n dem ki c\u00e2n ber-leb res\u00eed Hem-r\u00e2h'\u00ee k\u00fbn im\u00e2n\u0131ma (am\u00e2n) Tenna dirna deddere dilli ney Tenna dirna deddere dilli ney \u00c2h teneni ta dir ney Teneni ta dir ney Dir ney dir ney Hem-r\u00e2h'\u00ee k\u00fbn im\u00e2n\u0131ma (am\u00e2n) \u00c2h ye le li ye le l\u00e2 Ye le li ye le l\u00e2 dost Ye le li ye le l\u00e2 Ye le li ye le l\u00e2 dost Hem-r\u00e2h'\u00ee k\u00fbn im\u00e2n\u0131ma (am\u00e2n)", "Jung was a solitary and introverted child. From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--a modern Swiss citizen and a personality more suited to the 18th century. \"Personality Number 1\", as he termed it, was a typical schoolboy living in the era of the time. \"Personality Number 2\" was a dignified, authoritative and influential man from the past. Although Jung was close to both parents, he was disappointed by his father's academic approach to faith. A number of childhood memories made lifelong impressions on him. As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case. He added a stone, which he had painted into upper and lower halves, and hid the case in the attic. Periodically, he would return to the mannequin, often bringing tiny sheets of paper with messages inscribed on them in his own secret language. He later reflected that this ceremonial act brought him a feeling of inner peace and security. Years later, he discovered similarities between his personal experience and the practices associated with totems in indigenous cultures, such as the collection of soul-stones near Arlesheim or the tjurungas of Australia. He concluded that his intuitive ceremonial act was an unconscious ritual, which he had practiced in a way that was strikingly similar to those in distant locations which he, as a young boy, knew nothing about. His observations about symbols, archetypes, and the collective unconscious were inspired, in part, by these early experiences combined with his later research. At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground by another boy so hard that he momentarily lost consciousness. (Jung later recognized that the incident was his fault, indirectly.)"], "answer": {"text": "From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--", "answer_start": 43}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with it?", "answer": {"text": "He added a stone, which he had painted", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he carve anything else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#4", "question": "What did she do for him to believe that?", "rewrite": "What did Carl Jung's mother do for Jung to believe the two had two personalities?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jung saw the human psyche as containing everything necessary to grow, adapt, and heal itself. He believed that people were capable of directing their own personality development and benefiting from both positive and negative life experiences (Quenk 2002). In his studies, Carl Jung divided the psyche into the unconscious and the conscious minds. Freud viewed the unconscious as containing the Id, the Superego and the Ego, whereas Jung developed a different model. He described the unconscious as consisting of two major components: the Personal Unconscious and the Collective Unconscious (Quenk 2002). Jung looked at all behavior including neurotic symptoms as ways of stimulating an individual's growth toward completion. He was interested in personality development as it occurred over the life span and saw it as an ongoing process. The Personal Unconscious, as conceived by Jung, encompasses the totality of what Freud recognized as \"the unconscious\" and corresponds to what most of us intuitively associate with the term \"unconscious mind. \" It contains those elements of our own unique life experience which have been forgotten, ignored, repressed, suppressed or otherwise blocked from consciousness. Some of these elements can be easily recalled into consciousness at will, while others may be more difficult to access or retrieve. In simpler terms, the Personal Unconscious are the thoughts, ideas, emotions, and other mental phenomena acquired and repressed during one's lifetime. Many philosophers have advanced the theory that the human mind is a \"blank slate,\" capable of being molded by our upbringing, which includes social experiences. In working with patients, Carl Jung observed the development of repeated themes in different people's artwork, dreams and fantasies. Yet he noticed that many of these themes had no relation to and could not have originated from any connection to the person's own individual life experiences. Jung concluded that, in addition to our Personal Unconscious, we each possess a deeper aspect of the unconscious.", "Because of these problems, personality type theories have fallen out of favor in psychology. Most researchers now believe that it is impossible to explain the diversity of human personality with a small number of discrete types. They recommend trait models instead, such as the five-factor model. One of the more influential ideas originated in the theoretical work of Carl Jung as published in the book \"Psychological Types\". The original German language edition, \"Psychologische Typen\", was first published by Rascher Verlag, Zurich, in 1921. Typologies such as Socionics, the MBTI assessment, and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter have roots in Jungian theory. Jung's interest in typology grew from his desire to reconcile the theories of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, and to define how his own perspective differed from theirs. Jung wrote, \u201cIn attempting to answer this question, I came across the problem of types; for it is one's psychological type which from the outset determines and limits a person's judgment.\u201d (Jung, [1961] 1989:207) He concluded that Freud's theory was extraverted and Adler's introverted. (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 91) Jung became convinced that acrimony between the Adlerian and Freudian camps was due to this unrecognized existence of different fundamental psychological attitudes, which led Jung \u201cto conceive the two controversial theories of neurosis as manifestations of a type-antagonism.\u201d (Jung, 1966: par. 64) In the book Jung categorized people into primary types of . Jung proposed the existence of two dichotomous pairs of cognitive functions: Jung went on to suggest that these functions are expressed in either an introverted or extraverted form.", "These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\".", "While other great thinkers in the early 20th century such as Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud concentrated their research on defining the human unconscious, Martin Foss took on its natural counterpoint, consciousness. The main premise of consciousness was that it wasn\u2019t a static object of humanity comprehendible only by philosophers and theologians. Consciousness is a process whose partner is life. Foss wrote \u201cwe are here in a realm where consciousness has not an object, not a content detached from itself, but is aware merely of its own drive and destiny\u201d. Consciousness contains all the potential of human existence. \u201cConsciousness is real, is being; it may be potential being, but even as potential it is in a process of realization in which no distinction can be made between that which is but could also not be (matter or mere possibility) and that which essentially and necessarily is (form)\u201d. By attaching the conditionality of potential to his definition of consciousness, Foss essentially said that human beings have no limitations on what they can be, perceive, and create. An idea existing only in the mind is as real as what is perceived via the physical senses. Foss's work diverges in important ways from that of Carl Jung. Both scholars were writing in parallel (during the same period of time) about similar concepts, although Foss highlights the creative process as the central element of life in a way that Jung does not. Jung's definition of the symbol is very different from Foss's. In Jung's view, a symbol has great meaning, deriving from the collective unconscious. Contrary to Jung, Foss uses the term \"symbol\" to refer to that which is man-made and static (Jung uses the term \"sign\" to denote something static). Foss uses the term \"metaphor\" to denote the universal creative process that underlies human life and consciousness.", "There is ambiguity in the term 'rational' that Carl Jung ascribed to the thinking/feeling functions. Both thinking and feeling irrespective of orientation (i.e., introverted/extroverted) employ/utilize/are directed by in loose terminology an underlying 'logical' IF-THEN construct/process (as in IF X THEN Y) in order to form judgments. This underlying construct/process is not directly observable in normal states of consciousness especially when engaged in thoughts/feelings. It can be cognized merely as a concept/abstraction during thoughtful reflection. Sensation and intuition are 'irrational' functions simply because they do not employ the above-mentioned underlying logical construct/process. Early in Jung's career he coined the term and described the concept of the \"complex\". Jung claims to have discovered the concept during his free association and galvanic skin response experiments. Freud obviously took up this concept in his Oedipus complex amongst others. Jung seemed to see complexes as quite autonomous parts of psychological life. It is almost as if Jung were describing separate personalities within what is considered a single individual, but to equate Jung's use of complexes with something along the lines of multiple personality disorder would be a step out of bounds. Jung saw an archetype as always being the central organizing structure of a complex. For instance, in a \"negative mother complex,\" the archetype of the \"negative mother\" would be seen to be central to the identity of that complex. This is to say, our psychological lives are patterned on common human experiences. Jung saw the Ego (which Freud wrote about in German literally as the \"I\", one's conscious experience of oneself) as a complex. If the \"I\" is a complex, what might be the archetype that structures it?"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with it?", "answer": {"text": "He added a stone, which he had painted", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he carve anything else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Carl Jung believing Jung had two personalities in childhood, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\".", "So when I heard of his [Wolfsohn's] approach to singing, it immediately appealed to me, and though I only went for a short period of time, it helped enormously. It gave me confidence in other areas of my life. Whilst some students, like Blue, attended for a short period, often for one singing lesson per week over several months, others spent entire days at the Centre, having singing lessons and observing others. These included Jenny Johnson, whose voice typified for Wolfsohn what he believed was possible for every human voice trained in his approach to extended vocal technique. Under Wolfsohn's tutelage, Jenny Johnson developed a vocal range of almost 6 octaves, as well as a flexibility of timbre that allowed her to give dramatic expression to many different characters, and to sing parts from operas written for Soprano, Tenor, Baritone, and Bass. It was during this phase that Wolfsohn re situated his teaching firmly in the principles established by Carl Jung, believing that he had discovered and developed a new component to the technique Jung called Active Imagination. Carl Jung claimed that the terms psyche and imagination might reasonably be used interchangeably to refer to the same source of images, claiming that every mental process involves in some way an encounter with imagery. Jung described Active Imagination as the means by which mental images are expressed and become outwardly manifest, and pointed to paintings, fairytales, myths, and religious symbolism as examples. The regular attendants of the Alfred Wolfsohn Research Centre believed that they had discovered the way in which their extended vocal technique and the resultant expressiveness of their voices could demonstrate Active Imagination through nonverbal vocal sound, giving outward acoustic expression to what Jung called 'psychic imagery'.", "Memories, Dreams, Reflections  Memories, Dreams, Reflections () is a partially autobiographical book by Swiss psychologist Carl Jung and an associate, Aniela Jaff\u00e9. First published in German in 1962, an English translation appeared in 1963. In 1956 Kurt Wolff, publisher and owner of Pantheon Books, expressed a desire to publish a biography of Jung's life. Dr. Jolande Jacobi, an associate of Jung, suggested that Aniela Jaff\u00e9 be the biographer. At first, Jung was reluctant to cooperate with Jaff\u00e9, but, because of his growing conviction of the work's importance, he became engrossed in the project and began writing some of the text himself. Jung wrote the first three chapters (about his childhood and early adulthood). In the introduction to the book Aniela Jaff\u00e9 noted: \u201cOne morning he informed me that he wanted to set down his recollections of his childhood directly. By this time he had already told me a good many of his earliest memories, but there were still great gaps in the story. This decision was as gratifying as it was unexpected, for I knew how great a strain writing was for Jung. At his advanced age he would not undertake anything of the sort unless he felt it was a \u201ctask\u201d imposed on him from within.\u201d Some time afterwards she noted down a remark of Jung\u2019s: Jung also contributed part of the chapter titled \"Travels\" (the part about his travels to Kenya and Uganda), and the chapter titled \"Late Thoughts. \" The rest of the text was written by Jaff\u00e9 in collaboration with Jung. The content and layout of the book was much disputed. Jung's family, in the interest of keeping Jung's private life from the public eye, pushed for deletions and other changes. The publisher demanded that the text be greatly shortened to keep the price of printing down.", "By system approach were defined socionic types of aviation professionals' personalities and level of their interaction of professional performing in small groups as an example of control changes. According to the experimental results were obtained socionics and sociometric data of air traffic controllers and correlation analyses of its parameters, also was determined the connection's intensity between person's interaction levels. The practical values of this research is to develop automated module to determine individual characteristic of operators and to evaluate the effectiveness of socionics in the management of air traffic, particular in special cases of flight Carl Jung describes four \"psychological functions\" that are capable of becoming applicable psychically, but to differing degrees in individuals: In addition to these four types, Jung defines a polarity between introverted and extraverted personalities. This distinction is based on how people invest energy: either into the inner, subjective, psychical world (usually called \"Seele\", soul, by Jung), or toward their outer, objective, physical world (including one's body). By Jung's rules, 16 psychological types exist. But in his book \"Psychological Types\" he described in detail only 8, distinguished by the 8 possible dominant functions. Contrary to Socionics and MBTI, Jung did not conclude that the types had two introverted functions and two extroverted functions. He instead outlined that extroverted personality types had a Dominant extroverted function, with the remaining functions being of varying if lower levels of development that range from being Inferior introverted functions that are necessarily retarded to auxiliary functions that lie in the middle. In socionics, Jung's cognitive functions are always either introverted (focused on refining quality) or extroverted (focused on increasing quantity), and are referred to as \"information metabolism elements\" (IM Elements). These are said to process \"information aspects\".", "100 new shekel banknote The one hundred new shekel note (\u20aa100) is a banknote of the Israeli new shekel, It was first issued in Series A 1986, with the Series B in 1999 and Series C in 2017. LOOK at the banknote FEEL the banknote   TILT the banknote 'FEATURES FOR THE BLIND AND VISION IMPAIRED    Portrait of Itzhak Ben-Zvi; to the right, In nine lines legible under a magnifying glass, the titles of his nine books; a background depicting a group of people representing different ethnic communities in Israel: the denomination \"One Hundred New Sheqalim\" and \"Bank of Israel\" in Hebrew. A view of Peki'in village, researched by Ben-Zvi, including the synagogue, a carob tree and a cave; an ancient stone candelabrum, the denomination \"100 New Sheqalim\" and \"Bank of Israel\" in Arabic and English. The current \u20aa100 in circulation is the Series B issued from 1999, it measures 71 x 138 mm with a brown color scheme. The \u20aa100 Series A bank notes were issued from 1986 to 1999 and measured 76 x 138 mm with a brown color scheme. The \u20aa100 Series A bank notes were withdrawn from circulation by 2005."], "answer": {"text": "At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground", "answer_start": 1600}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with it?", "answer": {"text": "He added a stone, which he had painted", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he carve anything else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do for him to believe that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#6", "question": "What happened when he was pushed to the ground?", "rewrite": "What happened when Carl Jung was pushed to the ground?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While other great thinkers in the early 20th century such as Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud concentrated their research on defining the human unconscious, Martin Foss took on its natural counterpoint, consciousness. The main premise of consciousness was that it wasn\u2019t a static object of humanity comprehendible only by philosophers and theologians. Consciousness is a process whose partner is life. Foss wrote \u201cwe are here in a realm where consciousness has not an object, not a content detached from itself, but is aware merely of its own drive and destiny\u201d. Consciousness contains all the potential of human existence. \u201cConsciousness is real, is being; it may be potential being, but even as potential it is in a process of realization in which no distinction can be made between that which is but could also not be (matter or mere possibility) and that which essentially and necessarily is (form)\u201d. By attaching the conditionality of potential to his definition of consciousness, Foss essentially said that human beings have no limitations on what they can be, perceive, and create. An idea existing only in the mind is as real as what is perceived via the physical senses. Foss's work diverges in important ways from that of Carl Jung. Both scholars were writing in parallel (during the same period of time) about similar concepts, although Foss highlights the creative process as the central element of life in a way that Jung does not. Jung's definition of the symbol is very different from Foss's. In Jung's view, a symbol has great meaning, deriving from the collective unconscious. Contrary to Jung, Foss uses the term \"symbol\" to refer to that which is man-made and static (Jung uses the term \"sign\" to denote something static). Foss uses the term \"metaphor\" to denote the universal creative process that underlies human life and consciousness.", "Jung saw the human psyche as containing everything necessary to grow, adapt, and heal itself. He believed that people were capable of directing their own personality development and benefiting from both positive and negative life experiences (Quenk 2002). In his studies, Carl Jung divided the psyche into the unconscious and the conscious minds. Freud viewed the unconscious as containing the Id, the Superego and the Ego, whereas Jung developed a different model. He described the unconscious as consisting of two major components: the Personal Unconscious and the Collective Unconscious (Quenk 2002). Jung looked at all behavior including neurotic symptoms as ways of stimulating an individual's growth toward completion. He was interested in personality development as it occurred over the life span and saw it as an ongoing process. The Personal Unconscious, as conceived by Jung, encompasses the totality of what Freud recognized as \"the unconscious\" and corresponds to what most of us intuitively associate with the term \"unconscious mind. \" It contains those elements of our own unique life experience which have been forgotten, ignored, repressed, suppressed or otherwise blocked from consciousness. Some of these elements can be easily recalled into consciousness at will, while others may be more difficult to access or retrieve. In simpler terms, the Personal Unconscious are the thoughts, ideas, emotions, and other mental phenomena acquired and repressed during one's lifetime. Many philosophers have advanced the theory that the human mind is a \"blank slate,\" capable of being molded by our upbringing, which includes social experiences. In working with patients, Carl Jung observed the development of repeated themes in different people's artwork, dreams and fantasies. Yet he noticed that many of these themes had no relation to and could not have originated from any connection to the person's own individual life experiences. Jung concluded that, in addition to our Personal Unconscious, we each possess a deeper aspect of the unconscious.", "Avis M. Dry Avis Mary Dry (30 April 1922 \u2013 26 January 2007) was a clinical psychologist and an author on the psychology of Carl Jung. Although British by birth, she spent much of her early life in New Zealand after her parents emigrated when she was five. Dry obtained her Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. She returned to England in 1956, where she obtained her PhD in Psychology from the University of Leeds. Dry worked briefly as a psychologist at Denby Hospital in Wales, before she took a research psychology post at the C. G. Jung Institute in Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland. In 1976, she accepted a position as head of Leeds MIND, where she remained until 1996. Dry died on 26 January 2007. In 1961, she published \"The Psychology of Jung: A Critical Interpretation\". Based on her doctoral studies, Dry tried to provide a neutral assessment of Carl Jung's work, in response to other books that had taken both very pro-Jung and very anti-Jung stances. In the \"Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica\", the Fordhams commended this book, saying that \"a fairly good critical assessment is provided by Avis M. Dry\" in their bibliography of books of Jung.", "Unlike MBTI, which is widely criticized for the lack of validity and utility, the socionics model, which is in some use in Eastern and Western Europe, as well as throughout Eurasia, Central Asia, and the Baltic nations, strives to stay very close to the original descriptions and type labels suggested by Carl Jung. According to Betty Lou Leaver, \"today's concepts of personality emanate most frequently from the work of Carl Jung, whose theories and research have blossomed into a juncture of philosophical and sociological inquiry. This field of inquiry has been called socionics.\" According to Sergei Moshenkov and Tung Tang Wing, \"MBTI and Socionics are contemporary sister sciences that categorize and describe human personality types in accordance to the predominance of certain mental faculties called psychic functions by Dr. Carl Jung.\" A. Shmelev in his review of the book \"MBTI: type definition\" by I. Myers-Briggs and P. Myers notes the highest popularity of socionic books in Russian and remarks that their authors are appealing to the literary and artistic associations of the mass reader, in contradistinction to books on MBTI, which contain the empirical and statistical data on the types distribution in professional groups. S.A. Bogomaz considers the socionic typology as a version of post-Jung typology and believes that on a number of criteria it is more perspective than MBTI for the study of the differences between people, because it expands the volume of the typological features and offers an opportunity to form various typological groups with different motivations, attitudes, temperament, perception of information and thinking styles. It is also important the existence of preconditions to study intertype relations, that are substantially not developed within MBTI.", "These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\"."], "answer": {"text": "he momentarily lost consciousness.", "answer_start": 1759}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with it?", "answer": {"text": "He added a stone, which he had painted", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he carve anything else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do for him to believe that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5d3ce74871349749cc36c1cf2208dc6_0_q#7", "question": "How long was his consciousness gone?", "rewrite": "How long was Carl Jung's consciousness gone after being pushed to the ground as a child?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to Shear, HS1 corresponds to Stace's introverted mysticism, whereas HS3 corresponds to Stace's extroverted mysticism, and is actually the more developed form of mystcism, in contrast to what Stace supposed. Several psychologists have proposed models in which religious experiences are part of a process of transformation of the self. Carl Jung's work on himself and his patients convinced him that life has a spiritual purpose beyond material goals. Our main task, he believed, is to discover and fulfil our deep innate potential, much as the acorn contains the potential to become the oak, or the caterpillar to become the butterfly. Based on his study of Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Gnosticism, Taoism, and other traditions, Jung perceived that this journey of transformation is at the mystical heart of all religions. It is a journey to meet the self and at the same time to meet the Divine. Unlike Sigmund Freud, Jung thought spiritual experience was essential to our well-being. The notion of the numinous was an important concept in the writings of Carl Jung. Jung regarded numinous experiences as fundamental to an understanding of the individuation process because of their association with experiences of synchronicity in which the presence of archetypes is felt. McNamara proposes that religious experiences may help in \"decentering\" the self, and transform it into an integral self which is closer to an ideal self. Transpersonal psychology is a school of psychology that studies the transpersonal, self-transcendent or spiritual aspects of the human experience. The \"Journal of Transpersonal Psychology\" describes transpersonal psychology as \"the study of humanity\u2019s highest potential, and with the recognition, understanding, and realization of unitive, spiritual, and transcendent states of consciousness\" (Lajoie and Shapiro, 1992:91).", "Jung saw the human psyche as containing everything necessary to grow, adapt, and heal itself. He believed that people were capable of directing their own personality development and benefiting from both positive and negative life experiences (Quenk 2002). In his studies, Carl Jung divided the psyche into the unconscious and the conscious minds. Freud viewed the unconscious as containing the Id, the Superego and the Ego, whereas Jung developed a different model. He described the unconscious as consisting of two major components: the Personal Unconscious and the Collective Unconscious (Quenk 2002). Jung looked at all behavior including neurotic symptoms as ways of stimulating an individual's growth toward completion. He was interested in personality development as it occurred over the life span and saw it as an ongoing process. The Personal Unconscious, as conceived by Jung, encompasses the totality of what Freud recognized as \"the unconscious\" and corresponds to what most of us intuitively associate with the term \"unconscious mind. \" It contains those elements of our own unique life experience which have been forgotten, ignored, repressed, suppressed or otherwise blocked from consciousness. Some of these elements can be easily recalled into consciousness at will, while others may be more difficult to access or retrieve. In simpler terms, the Personal Unconscious are the thoughts, ideas, emotions, and other mental phenomena acquired and repressed during one's lifetime. Many philosophers have advanced the theory that the human mind is a \"blank slate,\" capable of being molded by our upbringing, which includes social experiences. In working with patients, Carl Jung observed the development of repeated themes in different people's artwork, dreams and fantasies. Yet he noticed that many of these themes had no relation to and could not have originated from any connection to the person's own individual life experiences. Jung concluded that, in addition to our Personal Unconscious, we each possess a deeper aspect of the unconscious.", "These include a view of the unconscious mind and unconscious thought processes, the view that unwholesome unconscious forces cause much of human suffering and the idea that one may gain insight into these thought processes through various practices, including what Freud called \"evenly suspended attention. \" A variety of teachers, clinicians and writers such as D.T. Suzuki, Carl Jung, Erich Fromm, Alan Watts, Tara Brach, Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg have attempted to bridge and integrate psycho-analysis and Buddhism. British barrister Christmas Humphreys has referred to mid-twentieth century collaborations between psychoanalysts and Buddhist scholars as a meeting between: \"Two of the most powerful forces operating in the Western mind today.\" One of the most important influences on the spread of Buddhism in the west was Zen scholar D.T. Suzuki. He collaborated with psycho-analysts Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erich Fromm. Carl Jung wrote the foreword to Suzuki's \"Introduction to Zen Buddhism\", first published together in 1948. In his foreword, Jung highlights the enlightenment experience of \"satori\" as the \"unsurpassed transformation to wholeness\" for Zen practitioners. And while acknowledging the inadequacy of Psychologist attempts to comprehend \"satori\" through the lens of intellectualism, Jung nonetheless contends that due to their shared goal of self transformation: \"The only movement within our culture which partly has, and partly should have, some understanding of these aspirations [for such enlightenment] is psychotherapy.\" Referencing Jung and Suzuki's collaboration as well as the efforts of others, humanistic philosopher and psychoanalyst Erich Fromm noted that: \"There is an unmistakable and increasing interest in Zen Buddhism among psychoanalysts\".", "While other great thinkers in the early 20th century such as Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud concentrated their research on defining the human unconscious, Martin Foss took on its natural counterpoint, consciousness. The main premise of consciousness was that it wasn\u2019t a static object of humanity comprehendible only by philosophers and theologians. Consciousness is a process whose partner is life. Foss wrote \u201cwe are here in a realm where consciousness has not an object, not a content detached from itself, but is aware merely of its own drive and destiny\u201d. Consciousness contains all the potential of human existence. \u201cConsciousness is real, is being; it may be potential being, but even as potential it is in a process of realization in which no distinction can be made between that which is but could also not be (matter or mere possibility) and that which essentially and necessarily is (form)\u201d. By attaching the conditionality of potential to his definition of consciousness, Foss essentially said that human beings have no limitations on what they can be, perceive, and create. An idea existing only in the mind is as real as what is perceived via the physical senses. Foss's work diverges in important ways from that of Carl Jung. Both scholars were writing in parallel (during the same period of time) about similar concepts, although Foss highlights the creative process as the central element of life in a way that Jung does not. Jung's definition of the symbol is very different from Foss's. In Jung's view, a symbol has great meaning, deriving from the collective unconscious. Contrary to Jung, Foss uses the term \"symbol\" to refer to that which is man-made and static (Jung uses the term \"sign\" to denote something static). Foss uses the term \"metaphor\" to denote the universal creative process that underlies human life and consciousness.", "Carl Jung credited Gross with having described two general types \u2013 \"inferiority with shallow consciousness\" and \"inferiority with contracted consciousness\" \u2013 that very closely resemble what Jung described as the extraverted feeling and introverted thinking types a decade later. Despite having issues with Gross's theoretical assumptions of a secondary cell function and the \"individual\" nature of a person's passion, Jung credited Gross with major advances in typological and psychological theory. In his 1913 work \"A Contribution to the Study of Psychological Types\", Jung devoted a paragraph to Otto Gross's contributions. The relation he [Gross] established between manic-depressive insanity and the type with a shallow consciousness shows that we are dealing with extraversion, while the relation between the psychology of the paranoiac and the type with a contracted consciousness indicates the identity with introversion (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 879). In Jung's monumental work \"Psychological Types\", all of chapter VI, \"The Type Problem in Psychopathology\", analyzes and reconciles Gross's theory as expressed in \"Die zerebrale Sekund\u00e4rfunktion\" (1902) and \"\u00dcber psychopathische Minderwertigkeit\" (1903). Gross deserves full credit for being the first to set up a simple and consistent hypothesis to account for this [the extraverted] type (Jung, [1921] 1971 : par. 466). Otto Gross, played by Vincent Cassel, is one of the characters in the 2011 film \"A Dangerous Method\", which focused on the relations among Jung, Sabina Spielrein and Freud."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me something important about Carl Jung's childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "As a boy, he carved a tiny mannequin into the end of the wooden ruler from his pencil case and placed it inside the case.", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with it?", "answer": {"text": "He added a stone, which he had painted", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he carve anything else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other childhood memories?", "answer": {"text": "From childhood, he believed that, like his mother, he had two personalities--", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do for him to believe that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the age of 12, shortly before the end of his first year at the Humanistisches Gymnasium in Basel, Jung was pushed to the ground", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened when he was pushed to the ground?", "answer": {"text": "he momentarily lost consciousness.", "answer_start": 1759, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_174aa8b6a1f04be7a0ff38c7e74cbfbc_0_q#0", "question": "What is Jay and the Doctor?", "rewrite": "What is Jay and the Doctor?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jay and the Doctor  Jay and the Doctor are the on-air names of Australian radio duo Jason Whalley and Lindsay McDougall, on radio station Triple J. Best known as members of punk band Frenzal Rhomb, they performed occasional late-night shifts on Triple J until 2004. They temporarily replaced Chris Taylor and Craig Reucassel for six weeks in late 2004 while The Chaser Decides covered the federal election. On 26 November 2004, Jay and the Doctor were announced as the hosts of the Breakfast Show in 2005. The announcement was highly built up by incumbent hosts Adam & Wil. Prior to their employment at the station, their music was banned for a time by Triple J after Frenzal Rhomb criticised the station on air for playing the \"same 40 songs\". Myf Warhurst joined Jay and the Doctor on breakfast in January 2007, to form Myf, Jay and the Doctor. Warhurst announced on 10 October 2007 that she would leave Triple J and co-host a new show with comedian Peter Helliar for Triple M Melbourne. Jason \"Jay\" Whalley's last broadcast was on Friday, 23 November 2007. The Doctor continued to host the weekday breakfast shift program with Robbie Buck and Marieke Hardy Until the end of 2009. He then hosted the afternoon drive program from 3-5:30pm weekdays replacing Scott Dooley until late 2014. Some of their on-air antics include the following segments:   Like several other Triple J programs with comedic content, Jay and the Doctor produce short skits that are played during their program as well as at other times of day.", "Michael comes around but Diane manages to elude him and, after convincing him she was never there, Jay follows suit. Michael then sees Diane's car and comes back but by this time Diane and Jay are on the yacht. Diane admits she needs Jay who, in turn, confesses his love for her. Michael tracks them down and prepares to shoot Jay but relents. The unknown assailant appears and then kills Michael. Diane and Jay chase him to the mansion. There, George confronts him revealing his name to be Martin. Martin tells him that his doctor said that his disease is terminal and reveals that he killed his mother and grandmother. George tells him that it was he who convinced them to fly him from Switzerland so he could inherit the fortune instead of Michael and Diane. An angry and disillusioned Martin kills George believing he only cares about the money. Diane and Jay look around and find Martin's photo album and medical records. They realize that George and Lillian had an illegitimate child and if he's still alive he'll inherit the fortune then find a diagnostic medical record paper from Martin's doctor in Switzerland and discover that Martin has a hereditary disease for which he is terminal. The two go to the attic where Martin locks them in. They find the bodies of Lillian and Lettie and are then told by Martin that he killed Michael because if they found out about him they'd get rid of him and he now plans to kill Diane. Jay and Diane try to escape via the attic window but Martin comes up from behind to kill them. Jay shoots him with a rifle he armed himself with earlier. As Diane is about to unmask Martin he tries to choke her. Jay shoots him again this time killing him. Diane unmasks Martin revealing him to be Bird, a college contemporary with whom Jay has shared his dormitory and rent.", "Jay insists on chasing down and killing the archivist's associates, and as Gal looks into their files, he finds a folder on himself and Jay, including details of their Kiev mission. Although they do not recognise it, the file includes the symbol that Fiona carved in Jay's mirror. Gal informs Jay that while raiding the safe in the home of the second target, he took enough money to cover the total sum they would receive for the contract. The pair decide to abandon the contract and return home. When his cut hand becomes infected, Jay visits his doctor, only to find that his regular doctor has been replaced by another man who will only give him cryptic advice. Jay and Gal return to their client and offer to find replacements to kill the last name on the list. The client refuses and says that both hitmen and their families will be killed if they do not complete the contract. Shel takes their son Sam to the family's cottage for safekeeping while Jay and Gal go back to work. Their final mark, \"The MP,\" is a Member of Parliament who lives in a mansion. While observing the house, the pair witness a strange ceremony in the woods that culminates in human sacrifice. Jay opens fire with an assault rifle, and the leader of the ceremony presents himself for Jay to execute. The remaining masked cultists chase the hitmen into an underground complex, where Gal is disemboweled, forcing Jay to perform a mercy killing on his friend. Emerging from the tunnels, Jay flees to the family cottage and meets with Shel. When he goes outside, he sees that their car's tires have been slashed and lit torches have been placed around the nearby field. Jay attempts to locate their attackers, but he is knocked unconscious. Inside the cottage, Shel arms herself and shoots several invaders.", "As Jay opens the door, she climbs out crying, as other people come to check on them. Jay then hurries them both into a diner. Jay, curious about Daisy, not truly believing she's schizophrenic as her doctor believes, asks her about whether the voices told her to kill her mother. Daisy tells him that it wasn't her who heard voices, but her mother. Her mother was screaming one night but Daisy didn't go to her, and when she woke up in the morning her mother was dead, causing Daisy to believe that she killed her mother. As Jay vehemently tells Daisy that she didn't kill her mother, a group of cop cars show up at the diner to arrest Jay and Daisy, assuming that one of the bystanders to the crash called them. As Jay kisses Daisy, the cops come into the diner and handcuff Jay, separating him and Daisy. When Jay's mother finds out he's in jail, she persuades his father to bail him out, which he does. When Jay returns to his apartment, he finds the door smashed open and his belongings torn apart. Glancing out the window he sees one of the loan sharks goons waiting for him outside, just as the loan shark looks up and sees him. After fleeing his apartment complex Jay goes to psychiatric hospital to see Daisy, but the security and Dr. Bertleman tell him to leave. Desperate, Jay goes to the train station and lies down on the tracks, so that he'll be deemed suicidal and be taken to the psychiatric hospital. Dr. Bertleman, knowing that Jay is fine and that it was just a ruse, dismisses Jay, but after Jay insists that he is suicidal, the doctor puts him in solitary confinement.", "in \"Clerks II\", when Dante complains that the two never say anything intelligent, Jay calls for Silent Bob to \"do his thing\", to which Silent Bob can only say \"I got nothing.\" Otherwise he relies on hand gestures and facial expressions to communicate. Silent Bob is often angered by Jay and when Silent Bob does speak, he will sometimes trash Jay, particularly in \"Chasing Amy\" (in which Silent Bob gave his longest speech) and in \"Clerks II\" (where he points out when he speaks he usually says something intelligent, whereas Jay says something stupid). In \"\", Silent Bob is called \"Blutarsky\", but according to Smith, that was a joke referencing \"Animal House\" and he never gave Silent Bob a last name. In \"Jay and Silent Bob Reboot\", he has lost weight (in reality, Kevin Smith had suffered a near-fatal heart attack and adopted a vegan diet on his doctor's advice). Jay is slim, has long blonde hair and towers over Silent Bob. In several of the later View Askewniverse films, Jay wears a black knit cap. In contrast to Silent Bob, Jay speaks frequently and offensively and often treats people with aggression or bullying, including Silent Bob. Jay's excessive cursing seems due to influence from his uncaring mother, who is shown continually using profanity in front of him. His first word was \"fuck\". In \"Clerks\", the first film to feature the duo, Jay wears a San Jose Sharks baseball cap. He is also very active in trying to seduce several women. Kevin Smith has stated that he sees Jay as ambisexual: \"Jay\u2014who's always talking about women\u2014is a character a lot of young hetero guys identify with. But I think Jay's really ambisexual."], "answer": {"text": "Frenzal Rhomb's Whalley and McDougall worked as Jay and the Doctor on Triple J's breakfast show", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_174aa8b6a1f04be7a0ff38c7e74cbfbc_0_q#1", "question": "Was this popular?", "rewrite": "Was Jay and the Doctor popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Nerdcore for Life Nerdcore for Life is a 2008 documentary film about the world of Nerdcore hip-hop directed by Dan Lamoureux and produced by Crapbot Productions. Nerdcore For Life explores the world of \u201cgeek rap\u201d known as Nerdcore hip-hop and features appearances by many of the top names in the genre including Optimus Rhyme, MC Lars, Beefy, mc chris, MC Router and Ytcracker. Filming took place throughout 2006 and 2007. Nerdcore For Life had its world premiere, April 5, 2008 at the Wisconsin Film Festival. In all, more than 40 Nerdcore artists and producers from across North America make appearances in Nerdcore For Life, including:  MC Plus + , Ytcracker, The Lords of the Rhymes, mc chris, Ultraklystron, Doctor Popular, MC Hawking, Nursehella, Optimus Rhyme, Beefy, MC Router, Zealous1, Jesse Dangerously, Shael Riley, Baddd Spellah, MC Lars, Former Fat Boys, High-C, Nomad, The Sucklord, Monzy, Tanuki, Krondor Krew, Maja, Schaffer The Darklord, My Parent's Favorite Music, Ham-Star, Emergency Pizza Party featuring Fanatical, Sir-Up, Benjamin Bear, Betty Rebel and MC Wreckshin. Brief cameos are made by funky49, MC Gigahertz, the Stunt Junkies, IllGill, The Futuristic Sex Robotz and Rai Kamishiro. The documentary gained notoriety on the web and in the media after several videos related to the film spread virally across the Internet. As of August 2010 the trailer for the documentary has been viewed over 850,000 times on YouTube alone. \"Nerdcore For Life\" was released on DVD on August 3, 2010.", "MC Frontalot Damian Hess (born December 3, 1973), better known by his stage name MC Frontalot, is an American rapper and web designer. Hess began releasing music as MC Frontalot in 1999. His first successes came through Song Fight!, an online songwriting and recording competition, where he became known for consistently beating opponents. Throughout his history at Song Fight!, he has never lost a competition as MC Frontalot, although he has entered only seven entries in that name. In one such song fight, entitled \"Romantic Cheapskate\", he likens Song Fight! to a neglected lover who favors him regardless of how he treats her. The song went on to garner a total of 614 votes, while the next closest song ended the round with 28. In 2000, Frontalot released the song \"Nerdcore Hiphop\". The song became an immediate hit in the geek and nerd communities. The rap subgenre of nerdcore, which had already been in development by various performers, embraced the title and has since been expanding rapidly. Many consider Hess the founder of nerdcore. However, he has pointed out on his information webpage that many artists came before whom he considers his peers. Hess released his first studio album on August 27, 2005. Entitled \"Nerdcore Rising\", the album contained six new songs, along with 10 remixed versions of past tracks. Some of the new tracks are produced by popular online musicians from Song Fight!, including indie rock and hip hop artist Doctor Popular. On March 18, 2002, popular webcomic \"Penny Arcade\" (whose creators were long-time fans of Hess) declared Frontalot their rapper laureate, directing fans to his website. He has acknowledged that single act made his popularity skyrocket. He appeared at every Penny Arcade Expo from 2004 to 2013. \" Penny Arcade Theme\" and", "Many users signed up using nicknames, handles, stage names, or other names by which they were commonly known, but which did not necessarily match the name on their government-issued ID. The first suspensions for name-related reasons occurred in July 2011, and included Limor Fried's account which included the name \"LadyAda\" (by which she is widely known), nerdcore rapper Doctor Popular, and \"LA Weekly\" and \"Los Angeles Times\" columnist A.V. Flox. Account suspensions over the following weeks included those who were using nicknames, handles, and pseudonyms; those whose legal names were unusual, including mononymous users; and some users who Google mistakenly believed were impersonating famous individuals, such as Facebook employee and Mozilla founder Blake Ross, and actor William Shatner. Awareness of the issue grew rapidly, via Twitter, Google+ itself, and a variety of media outlets. By early August, the Electronic Frontier Foundation had posted \"A Case for Pseudonymity\" in response to the issue. Google initially responded on 25 July when vice president Bradley Horowitz promised improvements to the suspension and enforcement process. On 17 August, Google implemented a \"grace period\" before suspension, and on 19 August, a \"verified account\" program for celebrities and high-profile users. On 19 October 2011, at the Web 2.0 Summit, Google executive Vic Gundotra revealed that Google+ would begin supporting pseudonyms and other types of identity within a few months. However, as of the 16 October 2012 policy documents, Google still required that participants \"Use your common first and last name\" adding \"our Name Policy may not be for everyone at this time.\"", "Beefy (rapper) Keith A. Moore (born December 15, 1985) is a Nerdcore rapper from The Tri-Cities, WA better known by the stage name Beefy. In 2005 Moore produced two independent EPs, \"The Whitesican EP\" and \"nerd\". He created animated music videos for the songs \"Whitesican\" and \"David's Sister\" (both from \"The Whitesican EP\"), which gave him notoriety after they appeared on Albino Blacksheep. In 2006 Moore, in conjunction with Nerdy South Records, released his first full-length album, \"Tube Technology\". In August 2008, he released his album \"Rolling Doubles\" as a digital download through Amazon and iTunes  Moore contributed to the Rhyme Torrents compilation, contributing both music and original cover artwork. He can also be found in two documentaries on the Nerdcore movement \u2013 \"Nerdcore Rising\", covering MC Frontalot on his first national tour, and the \"Nerdcore For Life\" documentary which covers other nerdcore artists. He has been interviewed on NPR, Ka Leo O Hawaii,  Moore is also a frequent collaborator with Doctor Popular (aka Drown Radio), MC Router, Shael Riley, tanner4105 and DJ Snyder. In 2007 he took part in The Mediocre Tour with fellow nerdcore artists MC Router and Doctor Popular, performing shows in Washington, Oregon, and California. Moore has done shows with notable nerdcore artists mc chris, MC Frontalot, Schaffer the Darklord, YTCracker, Optimus Rhyme, and MC Lars. In December 2007, The Grammar Club released their debut EP \"Bremelanotide\".", "Although PodTech had raised $5.5 million in funding in 2006, and had developed a reputation for hiring respected bloggers, it was unclear to those outside the company how PodTech would raise the return on that investment. When PodTech was unsuccessful in their attempt at attracting a second round of funding, they started making cutbacks. In early 2007 they released GETV back to Slutsky and Codel. Codel was let go as a full-time employee, though he continued producing videos and hosting LunchMeet on a contracted basis. On July 18, 2007, Slutsky appeared (as MC Slutsky) in and produced a GETV parody music video in the style of \"Don't Cha\" by The Pussycat Dolls, celebrating the newly released iPhone. Titled \"Dontcha (iphone remix)\", the song was sung by Facebook's Randi Zuckerberg (as Randi Jayne), with assistance from David Prager (as MC Prager). The video also features nerdcore rapper Doctor Popular, performing yo-yo tricks. An advertisement for Motorola's Droid Pro later used a similar idea, though it was unrelated to Slutsky's video. It was later learned that the same day that she had published the music video, Slutsky had been let go from PodTech. PodTech founder John Furrier explained that he had been unable to monetize GETV as he had hoped, and that most of the company's revenue was coming from contracted work for corporations, rather than their original IP. He had hoped to continue working with Slutsky through contracted work, as had happened with Codel. He admitted that he had spent over $500,000 on GETV alone."], "answer": {"text": "they were asked to perform occasional late night shifts and request segments,", "answer_start": 308}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Jay and the Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "Frenzal Rhomb's Whalley and McDougall worked as Jay and the Doctor on Triple J's breakfast show", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_174aa8b6a1f04be7a0ff38c7e74cbfbc_0_q#2", "question": "What is Forever Malcolm Young?", "rewrite": "What is Forever Malcolm Young?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Guitar Player\" magazine has stated that the secret to Young's guitar technique was playing open chords through a series of Marshall amplifiers, set to low volume without high gain. This is contrary to a common belief of many rock guitarists that rhythm guitar should involve loud and overdriven power chords. Dave Mustaine of Megadeth stated in a 2004 interview that he considered himself, Young, Rudolf Schenker and James Hetfield of Metallica to be the best rhythm guitarists in the world. In 2006 he was the subject of a song (and album) title by Australian punk rock band Frenzal Rhomb: \"Forever Malcolm Young\". In 2017 Gretsch guitars reissued the Gretsch G6131MY, a \u2018signature\u2019 guitar based on Young's modified 1963 Gretsch Jet Firebird.", "Frenzal Rhomb's Whalley and McDougall worked as Jay and the Doctor on Triple J's breakfast show from January 2005 through to November 2007. Prior to their employment at Triple J, the group's music had been banned after they had earlier criticised the station on air for playing the \"same 40 songs\". In 2004, they were asked to perform occasional late night shifts and request segments, which developed into the breakfast show slot. Their format includes banter where they provide \"quips, one-liners, slagging off each other, other bands, other breakfast announcers, listeners, Triple J, Australian Idol and St Ives. It's verbal ping pong but more discursive.\" The band released Forever Malcolm Young in October 2006 - the title is a conflated reference to the 2005 song \"Forever Young\" by Youth Group and the name of AC/DC's guitarist, Malcolm Young - which peaked in the top 40. It provided a minor radio hit with the title track. Some controversy was expressed over the profanity in the title and lyrics of \"Johnny Ramone was in a Fucking Good Band, but He Was a Cunt\" (see Johnny Ramone, Ramones). Whalley's attitude to profanity and obscenity is \"I often get amazed how offended people get by language, especially in Australia when its nothing you wouldn't hear in your local office or schoolyard. But we do make a point of shaking things up\". Australian rock music journalist Ed Nimmervoll described them \"[their] history is littered with legendary stories, perhaps true, perhaps exaggerations, but stories which fuel and match their song and album titles.", "Forever Malcolm Young Forever Malcolm Young is the title of the 2006 album by the Australian punk band Frenzal Rhomb. It was released in Australia on 14 October 2006, and includes 20 of the 27 songs recorded for it. The performers were Jay Whalley (credited as 'Jayden Whalley') on vocals and backing guitar, Lindsay McDougall (credited as 'The Good Doctor') on lead guitar, Gordy Foreman (credited as 'The Arsechest Formerly known as Poonce') on drums and Tom Crease (credited as 'Brigadier Tom Cruise') on bass guitar. All members provide backing vocals. The album has a guest appearance from Whalley's girlfriend Lauren on the song \"Please Go Over There\". Lauren also appeared in \"Bucket Bong\" on the \"Sans Souci\" album. The album's title is a parody of the 2006 Youth Group song \"Forever Young\" and AC/DC's rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young. The first pressing of the record was sold with a DVD titled \"Sucking All Over the World\" which has live performances and behind-the-scenes footage with the band. The album debuted at #34 on the ARIA charts but dropped out of the Top 50 in its second week. In 2007 and 2008, Frenzal Rhomb also added songs from the \"Forever Malcolm Young\" sessions to their MySpace page for a short time. Four 30 second songs were added, each written by a different member, followed by five other songs. These songs include (in order of release)", "List of AC/DC members AC/DC are an Australian hard rock band from Sydney. Formed in November 1973, the group originally consisted of vocalist Dave Evans, lead guitarist Angus Young, rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young (his older brother), bassist Larry Van Kriedt and drummer Colin Burgess. The band's current lineup features Angus Young, drummer Chris Slade (originally a member from 1989 to 1994, and currently since 2015), rhythm guitarist Stevie Young (nephew of Angus and Malcolm Young, a member since 2014), and vocalist Axl Rose (since 2016). Bassist Cliff Williams retired at the end of the band's most recent tour in 2016, with his replacement currently unconfirmed. AC/DC were formed in November 1973 by brothers Angus (lead guitar) and Malcolm Young (rhythm guitar), with the original lineup also including vocalist Dave Evans, bassist Larry Van Kriedt and drummer Colin Burgess. The band's first single \"Can I Sit Next to You, Girl\" was released after the departure of Van Kriedt, with a third Young brother, producer George, filling in on bass. AC/DC subsequently went through numerous early personnel changes, including replacing Evans with Bon Scott in time for the recording of their debut Australian album \"High Voltage\", which also featured contributions from George Young and session drummer Tony Currenti. By early 1975, the band had settled on a lineup of Angus and Malcolm Young, Bon Scott, bassist Mark Evans and drummer Phil Rudd. Shortly after the release of \"Let There Be Rock\" in 1977, Evans was fired from AC/DC due to growing tensions with the Young brothers. He was replaced by English bassist Cliff Williams. After two more studio albums, Scott died on 19 February 1980 of acute alcohol poisoning. The band briefly considered breaking up, but later enlisted former Geordie frontman Brian Johnson as Scott's replacement.", "Their songs are often profane, likely to poke fun at someone including themselves, hint at a social conscience, and inside all the tough talk and body jokes be hopelessly romantic.\" National touring followed the album's release, along with the announcement that from November 2007 Whalley would be leaving both Frenzal Rhomb and his job at Triple J to go on a world trip with his girlfriend. Some later copies of Forever Malcolm Young contained a bonus DVD covering the band's tours from 2002 up until 2005. It is titled Sucking All Over the World. Gordy Forman plays in the Melbourne hardcore band Mindsnare. McDougall continued as The Doctor at Triple J, initially with Robbie Buck and Marieke Hardy; and, from January 2010, he has hosted the afternoon show Drive with The Doctor. By April 2009, Frenzal Rhomb were performing The Boys Are Back in Town tour with 1990s punk group Nancy Vandal as their support act."], "answer": {"text": "The band released Forever Malcolm Young in October 2006 - the title is a conflated reference to the 2005 song \"Forever Young\"", "answer_start": 660}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Jay and the Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "Frenzal Rhomb's Whalley and McDougall worked as Jay and the Doctor on Triple J's breakfast show", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this popular?", "answer": {"text": "they were asked to perform occasional late night shifts and request segments,", "answer_start": 308, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_174aa8b6a1f04be7a0ff38c7e74cbfbc_0_q#3", "question": "Was this album popular?", "rewrite": "Was the album Forever Malcolm Young popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of AC/DC members AC/DC are an Australian hard rock band from Sydney. Formed in November 1973, the group originally consisted of vocalist Dave Evans, lead guitarist Angus Young, rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young (his older brother), bassist Larry Van Kriedt and drummer Colin Burgess. The band's current lineup features Angus Young, drummer Chris Slade (originally a member from 1989 to 1994, and currently since 2015), rhythm guitarist Stevie Young (nephew of Angus and Malcolm Young, a member since 2014), and vocalist Axl Rose (since 2016). Bassist Cliff Williams retired at the end of the band's most recent tour in 2016, with his replacement currently unconfirmed. AC/DC were formed in November 1973 by brothers Angus (lead guitar) and Malcolm Young (rhythm guitar), with the original lineup also including vocalist Dave Evans, bassist Larry Van Kriedt and drummer Colin Burgess. The band's first single \"Can I Sit Next to You, Girl\" was released after the departure of Van Kriedt, with a third Young brother, producer George, filling in on bass. AC/DC subsequently went through numerous early personnel changes, including replacing Evans with Bon Scott in time for the recording of their debut Australian album \"High Voltage\", which also featured contributions from George Young and session drummer Tony Currenti. By early 1975, the band had settled on a lineup of Angus and Malcolm Young, Bon Scott, bassist Mark Evans and drummer Phil Rudd. Shortly after the release of \"Let There Be Rock\" in 1977, Evans was fired from AC/DC due to growing tensions with the Young brothers. He was replaced by English bassist Cliff Williams. After two more studio albums, Scott died on 19 February 1980 of acute alcohol poisoning. The band briefly considered breaking up, but later enlisted former Geordie frontman Brian Johnson as Scott's replacement.", "Frenzal Rhomb's Whalley and McDougall worked as Jay and the Doctor on Triple J's breakfast show from January 2005 through to November 2007. Prior to their employment at Triple J, the group's music had been banned after they had earlier criticised the station on air for playing the \"same 40 songs\". In 2004, they were asked to perform occasional late night shifts and request segments, which developed into the breakfast show slot. Their format includes banter where they provide \"quips, one-liners, slagging off each other, other bands, other breakfast announcers, listeners, Triple J, Australian Idol and St Ives. It's verbal ping pong but more discursive.\" The band released Forever Malcolm Young in October 2006 - the title is a conflated reference to the 2005 song \"Forever Young\" by Youth Group and the name of AC/DC's guitarist, Malcolm Young - which peaked in the top 40. It provided a minor radio hit with the title track. Some controversy was expressed over the profanity in the title and lyrics of \"Johnny Ramone was in a Fucking Good Band, but He Was a Cunt\" (see Johnny Ramone, Ramones). Whalley's attitude to profanity and obscenity is \"I often get amazed how offended people get by language, especially in Australia when its nothing you wouldn't hear in your local office or schoolyard. But we do make a point of shaking things up\". Australian rock music journalist Ed Nimmervoll described them \"[their] history is littered with legendary stories, perhaps true, perhaps exaggerations, but stories which fuel and match their song and album titles.", "Forever Malcolm Young Forever Malcolm Young is the title of the 2006 album by the Australian punk band Frenzal Rhomb. It was released in Australia on 14 October 2006, and includes 20 of the 27 songs recorded for it. The performers were Jay Whalley (credited as 'Jayden Whalley') on vocals and backing guitar, Lindsay McDougall (credited as 'The Good Doctor') on lead guitar, Gordy Foreman (credited as 'The Arsechest Formerly known as Poonce') on drums and Tom Crease (credited as 'Brigadier Tom Cruise') on bass guitar. All members provide backing vocals. The album has a guest appearance from Whalley's girlfriend Lauren on the song \"Please Go Over There\". Lauren also appeared in \"Bucket Bong\" on the \"Sans Souci\" album. The album's title is a parody of the 2006 Youth Group song \"Forever Young\" and AC/DC's rhythm guitarist Malcolm Young. The first pressing of the record was sold with a DVD titled \"Sucking All Over the World\" which has live performances and behind-the-scenes footage with the band. The album debuted at #34 on the ARIA charts but dropped out of the Top 50 in its second week. In 2007 and 2008, Frenzal Rhomb also added songs from the \"Forever Malcolm Young\" sessions to their MySpace page for a short time. Four 30 second songs were added, each written by a different member, followed by five other songs. These songs include (in order of release)", "\"Guitar Player\" magazine has stated that the secret to Young's guitar technique was playing open chords through a series of Marshall amplifiers, set to low volume without high gain. This is contrary to a common belief of many rock guitarists that rhythm guitar should involve loud and overdriven power chords. Dave Mustaine of Megadeth stated in a 2004 interview that he considered himself, Young, Rudolf Schenker and James Hetfield of Metallica to be the best rhythm guitarists in the world. In 2006 he was the subject of a song (and album) title by Australian punk rock band Frenzal Rhomb: \"Forever Malcolm Young\". In 2017 Gretsch guitars reissued the Gretsch G6131MY, a \u2018signature\u2019 guitar based on Young's modified 1963 Gretsch Jet Firebird.", "In August 1996 Lindsay McDougall joined Australian punk rock band Frenzal Rhomb after original guitarist Ben Costello left to attend university and become an animal rights activist. Frenzal Rhomb had formed in Sydney in 1992 with mainstay Jason Whalley on lead vocals. In November 1996 the group issued a CD EP, Punch in the Face and, in January 1997, performed at Big Day Out. Late that year they toured the United States supporting less than jake with Blink-182 opening. In September 1997, the band released their third album, Meet the Family. It was their first to be certified gold by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA). The next Frenzal Rhomb LP, A Man's Not a Camel was released in March 1999 and was supported by a nationwide tour. It remains their highest placed album to date, reaching No. 11 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It spawned their highest charting single, \"You Are Not My Friend\", which reached No. 48. The song was co-written by McDougall with fellow band members Whalley, Lex Feltham and Gordy Forman. In April 2003 the band released Sans Souci, followed by Forever Malcolm Young in 2006. During 2003 McDougall organised Rock Against Howard, a compilation album, by various Australian musicians as a protest against incumbent Prime Minister, John Howard's government. It was released in August 2004, before the October federal election, when Howard's coalition was re-elected. Also that year, McDougall and Whalley formed a side-project, Self Righteous Brothers, as an alternative rock group and issued the album, Love Songs for the Wrong at Heart on Shock Records. A track, \"There's No Town Like Snowtown\" referenced the Snowtown murders and was labelled \"insensitive\" by the Adelaide Tourism Commission after being played on radio."], "answer": {"text": "which peaked in the top 40.", "answer_start": 852}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Jay and the Doctor?", "answer": {"text": "Frenzal Rhomb's Whalley and McDougall worked as Jay and the Doctor on Triple J's breakfast show", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this popular?", "answer": {"text": "they were asked to perform occasional late night shifts and request segments,", "answer_start": 308, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Forever Malcolm Young?", "answer": {"text": "The band released Forever Malcolm Young in October 2006 - the title is a conflated reference to the 2005 song \"Forever Young\"", "answer_start": 660, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#0", "question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "rewrite": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Santa Fe Trail Remains The Santa Fe Trail Remains, also known as Santa Fe Trail Ruts, are a two-mile (3 km) section of the former long Santa Fe Trail, described as the \"longest continuous stretch of clearly defined Santa Fe Trail rut remains in Kansas.\" Now owned by a preservation organization, the site is visible from a pull-off area on United States Route 50 near Dodge City, Kansas. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Santa Fe Trail Remains are located about west of Dodge City, on of former agricultural land. The ruts extend for about , with a width of as much as of rutted terrain. The actual trail route is crossed in several places, by US 50, a railroad right-of-way, and irrigation ditches. The ruts have also been harmed by past use of the property for grazing. The landscape looks much today as it did in the 19th century, except for these intrusions, as well as the shifting of the Arkansas River to follow a more southerly route than it did during the trail's period of use. The Santa Fe Trail was one of the first great westward migration trails, inaugurated in trader William Becknell in 1821, connecting Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, the capital of Spanish (and later Mexican) Nuevo M\u00e9xico. It served as a major conduit for the development of the American West, until it was effectively supplanted by railroads around 1880. Much of the trail's route is known, but few traces of it survive. Although there are other sections of Santa Fe Trail ruts that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, this one is one of the longest and best-preserved.", "Santa Fe Trail (film) Santa Fe Trail is a 1940 American western film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Raymond Massey, Ronald Reagan and Alan Hale. Written by Robert Buckner, the film is about the abolitionist John Brown and his campaign against slavery prior to the American Civil War. In a subplot, J. E. B. Stuart and George Armstrong Custer compete for the hand of Kit Carson Holliday. The film was one of the top-grossing films of the year, and the seventh Flynn\u2013de Havilland collaboration. Its content has little relevance to the actual Santa Fe Trail. The film is not to be confused with the Raoul Walsh movie \"They Died with Their Boots On\", released the following year, in which Flynn plays Custer, also with de Havilland as his leading lady. At West Point Military Academy in 1854, cadet Carl Rader (Van Heflin), an agent of John Brown, is dishonorably discharged for distributing anti-slavery pamphlets. His classmates Jeb Stuart (Errol Flynn) and George Custer (Ronald Reagan) become second lieutenants and are posted to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory, the most dangerous duty in the army\u2014an assignment they relish. On the way to Kansas, Custer and Stuart meet Cyrus K. Holliday, in charge of building the railroad to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and his daughter Kit (Olivia de Havilland), with whom both officers fall in love. The Kansas Territory is bloodstained and war-torn, a victim of John Brown's (Raymond Massey) relentless crusade against slavery. Meanwhile, Rader has enlisted as a mercenary in Brown's army, which has been terrorizing the countryside.", "Rayado, New Mexico  Rayado or Reyado (older Ryado) was the first permanent settlement in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States and an important stop on the Santa Fe Trail. The name \"Rayado\" derives from the Spanish term for \"streaked\", perhaps in reference to the lot lines marked out by Lucien Maxwell. Some of the land in the townsite was purchased by Waite Phillips in the 1920s and Phillips later donated it to the Boy Scouts of America and it became part of the Philmont Scout Ranch. Today Rayado is the home of the Kit Carson Museum including his reconstructed home, and \"La Posta\", a Santa Fe Trail stage stop dating from the 1850s. Rayado is located where the mountain branch of the Santa Fe Trail intersects with the Cimarron Trail to Fort Leavenworth. Rayado is at , along State Route 21 at the extreme southeast corner of Philmont Scout Ranch. One mile to the south is a classic southwestern butte, called Kit Carson Mesa. Rayado Mesa is located southeast of Rayado and Rayado Peak at is located west of Rayado on the Philmont Scout Ranch. Rayado was founded by Lucien Maxwell in 1848 at the end of the Mexican\u2013American War, as the first plains settlement in New Mexico east of the mountain valleys of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Because the plains were still subject to raids by Apache, Comanche and other Indians, he had difficulty attracting settlers, so he convinced Kit Carson to move down from Taos in 1849 to lend an air of safety to the enterprise. Maxwell married his bride Luis Beaubien (daughter of Carlos Beaubien) in Rayado and they lived there before moving to Cimarron. A federal garrison post was established in Rayado in 1850 and lasted until Fort Union was opened. Jesus Gil Abreu who also married", "Santa Fe Trail Historical Park Santa Fe Trail Historical Park, also called El Monte, is located on the bank of the San Gabriel River in El Monte, California. The Marker was designated a California Historic Landmark (No. 975) on Aug. 13, 1987. The end of Santa Fe Trail is a important part in California's early pioneer history. This was the first an encampment on the Old Spanish Trail. The Old Spanish Trail and was an extension of the trail from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. The Gila River trail also ended in El Monte. By the 1850s, those in El Monte started to call the town the `End of the Santa Fe Trail.\u201d This claim is disputed by some, such as the Santa Fe in New Mexico. In the 1800s a permanent settlements were established by immigrants from Texas and Arkansas, the first settlement in Southern California founded by citizens of the United States. The state marker for the Santa Fe Trail Historical Park is located at 3675 Santa Anita Ave, El Monte, CA 91731. The City of El Monte held a ceremony to dedicate the Santa Fe Trail Historical Park on June 2, 1989. El Monte built the Santa Fe Trail Historical Park in 1989, at Valley Blvd and Santa Anita Ave to show the historical significance of the Santa Fe Trail. The one acre park as two historic structures and a covered wagon. The park is on the west side of Santa Anita Avenue, just a few blocks north of the [Interstate 10 in California]] freeway and south of the El Monte City Hall. The trail remained America's greatest route for several decades thereafter. The El Monte Historical Museum at 3150 Tyler Avenue show cases the Santa Fe Trail and El Monte's Historical importance to Southern California. The state marker reads:", "Franklin, Missouri Franklin is a city in Howard County, Missouri, United States. It is located along the Missouri River. Located in a rural area, the population was 95 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. As the eastern terminus of the Santa Fe Trail, the community played a major role in the westward expansion of the United States. The town of Franklin was founded in 1816 and named for Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. William Becknell, known as the \"Father of the Santa Fe Trail\" lived on a farm a few miles northwest of Franklin. There was a spring near Becknell's property, Boone Lick Spring. The spring and its saline water were sufficient to attract people from St. Louis and points east, who came to distill the water for its salt. They came so often that they created a trail, calling it the Boone's Lick Road. The Boone refers to Nathan and Daniel Morgan Boone, sons of Daniel Boone; the brothers first operated the saltlick business. In 1821, William Becknell put a notice in the \"Missouri Intelligencer\" stating he was creating a party to go \"westward, for the purpose of trading for horses and mules and catching wild animals of every description. \" On September 1, 1821, his party crossed the Missouri River at Arrow Rock, Missouri and set out along what would become known in a few years the Santa Fe Trail. A devastating flood of the Missouri River destroyed much of Franklin in 1827. Residents rebuilt a short distance away on higher ground, creating New Franklin, Missouri. The Cedar Grove was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Born in Madison County, Kentucky, near the city of Richmond, Kit Carson was raised in Franklin after migrating there as a boy with his family. Lindsey Carson was a farmer of Scots-Irish descent, who had fought in the Revolutionary War under General Wade Hampton."], "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#1", "question": "did they have problems along the way?", "rewrite": "did Kit Carson have problems along the way on the Santa Fe trail?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Franklin, Missouri Franklin is a city in Howard County, Missouri, United States. It is located along the Missouri River. Located in a rural area, the population was 95 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area. As the eastern terminus of the Santa Fe Trail, the community played a major role in the westward expansion of the United States. The town of Franklin was founded in 1816 and named for Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. William Becknell, known as the \"Father of the Santa Fe Trail\" lived on a farm a few miles northwest of Franklin. There was a spring near Becknell's property, Boone Lick Spring. The spring and its saline water were sufficient to attract people from St. Louis and points east, who came to distill the water for its salt. They came so often that they created a trail, calling it the Boone's Lick Road. The Boone refers to Nathan and Daniel Morgan Boone, sons of Daniel Boone; the brothers first operated the saltlick business. In 1821, William Becknell put a notice in the \"Missouri Intelligencer\" stating he was creating a party to go \"westward, for the purpose of trading for horses and mules and catching wild animals of every description. \" On September 1, 1821, his party crossed the Missouri River at Arrow Rock, Missouri and set out along what would become known in a few years the Santa Fe Trail. A devastating flood of the Missouri River destroyed much of Franklin in 1827. Residents rebuilt a short distance away on higher ground, creating New Franklin, Missouri. The Cedar Grove was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Born in Madison County, Kentucky, near the city of Richmond, Kit Carson was raised in Franklin after migrating there as a boy with his family. Lindsey Carson was a farmer of Scots-Irish descent, who had fought in the Revolutionary War under General Wade Hampton.", "Santa Fe Trail Remains The Santa Fe Trail Remains, also known as Santa Fe Trail Ruts, are a two-mile (3 km) section of the former long Santa Fe Trail, described as the \"longest continuous stretch of clearly defined Santa Fe Trail rut remains in Kansas.\" Now owned by a preservation organization, the site is visible from a pull-off area on United States Route 50 near Dodge City, Kansas. The site was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Santa Fe Trail Remains are located about west of Dodge City, on of former agricultural land. The ruts extend for about , with a width of as much as of rutted terrain. The actual trail route is crossed in several places, by US 50, a railroad right-of-way, and irrigation ditches. The ruts have also been harmed by past use of the property for grazing. The landscape looks much today as it did in the 19th century, except for these intrusions, as well as the shifting of the Arkansas River to follow a more southerly route than it did during the trail's period of use. The Santa Fe Trail was one of the first great westward migration trails, inaugurated in trader William Becknell in 1821, connecting Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, the capital of Spanish (and later Mexican) Nuevo M\u00e9xico. It served as a major conduit for the development of the American West, until it was effectively supplanted by railroads around 1880. Much of the trail's route is known, but few traces of it survive. Although there are other sections of Santa Fe Trail ruts that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, this one is one of the longest and best-preserved.", "Santa Fe Trail Historical Park Santa Fe Trail Historical Park, also called El Monte, is located on the bank of the San Gabriel River in El Monte, California. The Marker was designated a California Historic Landmark (No. 975) on Aug. 13, 1987. The end of Santa Fe Trail is a important part in California's early pioneer history. This was the first an encampment on the Old Spanish Trail. The Old Spanish Trail and was an extension of the trail from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. The Gila River trail also ended in El Monte. By the 1850s, those in El Monte started to call the town the `End of the Santa Fe Trail.\u201d This claim is disputed by some, such as the Santa Fe in New Mexico. In the 1800s a permanent settlements were established by immigrants from Texas and Arkansas, the first settlement in Southern California founded by citizens of the United States. The state marker for the Santa Fe Trail Historical Park is located at 3675 Santa Anita Ave, El Monte, CA 91731. The City of El Monte held a ceremony to dedicate the Santa Fe Trail Historical Park on June 2, 1989. El Monte built the Santa Fe Trail Historical Park in 1989, at Valley Blvd and Santa Anita Ave to show the historical significance of the Santa Fe Trail. The one acre park as two historic structures and a covered wagon. The park is on the west side of Santa Anita Avenue, just a few blocks north of the [Interstate 10 in California]] freeway and south of the El Monte City Hall. The trail remained America's greatest route for several decades thereafter. The El Monte Historical Museum at 3150 Tyler Avenue show cases the Santa Fe Trail and El Monte's Historical importance to Southern California. The state marker reads:", "Santa Fe Trail (film) Santa Fe Trail is a 1940 American western film directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, Raymond Massey, Ronald Reagan and Alan Hale. Written by Robert Buckner, the film is about the abolitionist John Brown and his campaign against slavery prior to the American Civil War. In a subplot, J. E. B. Stuart and George Armstrong Custer compete for the hand of Kit Carson Holliday. The film was one of the top-grossing films of the year, and the seventh Flynn\u2013de Havilland collaboration. Its content has little relevance to the actual Santa Fe Trail. The film is not to be confused with the Raoul Walsh movie \"They Died with Their Boots On\", released the following year, in which Flynn plays Custer, also with de Havilland as his leading lady. At West Point Military Academy in 1854, cadet Carl Rader (Van Heflin), an agent of John Brown, is dishonorably discharged for distributing anti-slavery pamphlets. His classmates Jeb Stuart (Errol Flynn) and George Custer (Ronald Reagan) become second lieutenants and are posted to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Territory, the most dangerous duty in the army\u2014an assignment they relish. On the way to Kansas, Custer and Stuart meet Cyrus K. Holliday, in charge of building the railroad to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and his daughter Kit (Olivia de Havilland), with whom both officers fall in love. The Kansas Territory is bloodstained and war-torn, a victim of John Brown's (Raymond Massey) relentless crusade against slavery. Meanwhile, Rader has enlisted as a mercenary in Brown's army, which has been terrorizing the countryside.", "Rayado, New Mexico  Rayado or Reyado (older Ryado) was the first permanent settlement in Colfax County, New Mexico, United States and an important stop on the Santa Fe Trail. The name \"Rayado\" derives from the Spanish term for \"streaked\", perhaps in reference to the lot lines marked out by Lucien Maxwell. Some of the land in the townsite was purchased by Waite Phillips in the 1920s and Phillips later donated it to the Boy Scouts of America and it became part of the Philmont Scout Ranch. Today Rayado is the home of the Kit Carson Museum including his reconstructed home, and \"La Posta\", a Santa Fe Trail stage stop dating from the 1850s. Rayado is located where the mountain branch of the Santa Fe Trail intersects with the Cimarron Trail to Fort Leavenworth. Rayado is at , along State Route 21 at the extreme southeast corner of Philmont Scout Ranch. One mile to the south is a classic southwestern butte, called Kit Carson Mesa. Rayado Mesa is located southeast of Rayado and Rayado Peak at is located west of Rayado on the Philmont Scout Ranch. Rayado was founded by Lucien Maxwell in 1848 at the end of the Mexican\u2013American War, as the first plains settlement in New Mexico east of the mountain valleys of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Because the plains were still subject to raids by Apache, Comanche and other Indians, he had difficulty attracting settlers, so he convinced Kit Carson to move down from Taos in 1849 to lend an air of safety to the enterprise. Maxwell married his bride Luis Beaubien (daughter of Carlos Beaubien) in Rayado and they lived there before moving to Cimarron. A federal garrison post was established in Rayado in 1850 and lasted until Fort Union was opened. Jesus Gil Abreu who also married"], "answer": {"text": "reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.", "answer_start": 252}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#2", "question": "why did they travel there?", "rewrite": "why did Kit Carson travel to Taos in 1826?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["One popular route on Kit Carson Mountain climbs from the west side of the range, starting at Willow Creek Trailhead (elevation: ). This route first climbs Challenger Point, just to the west of Kit Carson. Climbing from the saddle between Challenger Point to Kit Carson peak involves crossing a path commonly called 'Kit Carson Avenue'. Total elevation gain for this route is , in a round-trip. Kit Carson can also be reached from the east side of the Sangre de Cristos via the South Colony Lakes access. (A four-wheel drive road currently provides relatively a high elevation trailhead; however this road will be closed halfway up on October 13, 2009.) This route starts by using part of the trail for Humboldt Peak, and then traverses a ridge and plateau toward Kit Carson. A sub-peak named Columbia Point (informally known as \"Kat Carson\") is climbed on the way to the main summit. Kit Carson does not have any glaciers but it does have a semi-permanent ice patch on its rugged north face, which rarely melts even in the driest years (such as 2002 and 2006). During the summer Kit Carson and the neighboring peaks are hit with a diurnal cycle of thunder storms, which often form within a short time period; lightning occurs almost daily and has killed climbers as recently as 2003. Fatalities also occur because climbers make the mistake of descending the couloir (gulley) between the summit and Challenger Point. Though the couloir looks like a short cut down, and starts off gently enough, it leads to ice fields, and on the edges it quickly becomes cliffed-out, with patches of scree and loose rock, ending in sheer and highly technical terrain. Search and Rescue teams regularly recover bodies from the bottom of the couloir.", "The celebration continues with musical and dance performances scheduled on the Plaza every hour. Two parades are staged, a children parade on Saturday and the larger Fiesta Parade on Sunday. Located just North of the Taos Plaza, this street was the location of Governor Charles Bent's home. Governor Bent was scalped and killed by Pueblo warriors during the Taos Revolt, on January 19, 1847. During the Taos Revolt, Bent\u2019s horses were set free from their stable. Many of the historic sites are homes and studios of artists, including the Mabel Dodge Luhan House, Eanger Irving Couse House and Studio\u2014 Joseph Henry Sharp Studios, the Nicolai Fechin House, the Leon Gaspard House, and the Ernest Martin Hennings House. Doc Martin's restaurant in the historic Taos Inn was previously the office of Thomas \"Doc\" Martin while other parts of the inn served as his home and the birthplace of the Taos Society of Artists. On Ledoux street, just south of the Taos Plaza, is the Ernest L. Blumenschein House and Harwood House. The Helene Wurlitzer Foundation is a non-profit organization that provides free residency to eleven artists, with each year divided into three residency sessions of three months apiece. The center of the Taos Downtown Historic District is the Taos Plaza. Just west of that is the Our Lady of Guadalupe Church. North of the Taos Plaza is the Governor Charles Bent House and the Taos Inn. Further north in Taos The Bernard Beimer House. On the southwestern edge of the Taos Historic district is La Loma Plaza Historic District. East of the plaza on Kit Carson Road is the Kit Carson House. North of Taos is the Turley Mill and Distillery Site and the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge.", "Kit Carson Peak Kit Carson Peak is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. Officially designated Kit Carson Mountain, the fourteener is located east by south (bearing 102\u00b0) of the Town of Crestone in Saguache County, Colorado, United States. The name Kit Carson Mountain is used for both the massif with three summits (Columbia Point, Kit Carson Peak and Challenger Point), or to describe the main summit only. The mountain is named in honor of frontiersman Christopher Houston \"Kit\" Carson. The Crestones are a cluster of high summits in the Sangre de Cristo Range, comprising Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, Kit Carson Peak, Challenger Point, Humboldt Peak, and Columbia Point. They are usually accessed from common trailheads. In January 2002, the Nature Conservancy announced the signing of a $31 million purchase agreement for the Baca Ranch. The purchase significantly expanded the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2004. As part of that complex transaction Kit Carson Mountain was transferred to the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness within the Rio Grande National Forest. Kit Carson Mountain features complex terrain that has misled climbers in the past, contributing to deaths in the summer of 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2019. In 2011, the United States Board on Geographic Names considered a proposal to rename the peak Mount Crestone, voting unanimously against it due to the potential confusion with nearby Crestone Peak and Crestone Needle. The proposal had been put forward because Carson had led an 1863-64 campaign to remove Navajo Indians, who had increased raiding of settlements in New Mexico during the Civil War. Incidentally, local residents for decades had called the mountain \"Crestone Peak\" (the official name of a neighboring peak), and never called it by \"that other name\".", "Kit Carson House The Kit Carson House is a historic house museum at 113 Kit Carson Road in central Taos, New Mexico. Built in 1825, it was from 1843 until his death the home of frontiersman Kit Carson (1809-1868). A good example of Spanish Colonial architecture, it is now owned by the local Masonic fraternity, and serves as a museum dedicated to Carson's life. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Kit Carson House stands a short way east of Taos's central plaza, on the north side of Kit Carson Road. It is a modest single-story adobe structure, built in 1825, that is an east-facing U shape with a central courtyard. The oldest portion of the house consists of the front three rooms, and the next room to the north. The interior of these rooms has been furnished in the Spanish Colonial and Territorial styles of the Carson period, while other rooms house museum offices and displays. Kit Carson grew up in the frontier west, and became renowned as a fur trapper and guide on numerous United States Army expeditions against Native Americans and also during the American Civil War. In 1843 he married Josefa Jarmillo, who was from a leading Taos family, and purchased this house. It remained the couple's principal home until 1868. They were away from it 1851-54 and 1866\u201367, when Carson was stationed elsewhere. In early 1868 the family moved to the Colorado Territory, where both died. In 1952, the house was acquired by Taos's Bent Masonic Lodge #42, AF & AM. It is owned by the Lodge, though the museum is operated by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation. It is open daily and an admission is charged to finance the foundation.", "Sells and his Kit Carson Scouts briefed Lt. General Lewis W. Walt, the Marine Chief of Staff for Viet Nam, and U. S. Undersecretary of the Navy, Robert H. B. Baldwin, on the workings of the Kit Carson Scout program. On April 29, 1967, the Intelligence Section of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) published a procedural document detailing the expansion of the Kit Carson Scout Program for all active American Army units in country, including the scout's terms of service and wages (Tovy). As the program evolved, recruitment of non-military Viet Cong cadre and defecting North Vietnamese officers were added, and these Kit Carson Scouts also became valuable sources of intelligence in the conduct of the war. General Westmoreland issued an order in September 1967 directing all infantry divisions in Vietnam, including U.S. Army units, to begin using Kit Carson Scouts in conjunction with friendly operations. He directed that a minimum of 100 scouts per division was necessary to ensure effectiveness. The 3rd Marine Division organized its own Chieu Hoi recruitment and training program for placing Kit Carson Scouts with units extending all the way north to the DMZ. When the division's fourth Kit Carson Scout class graduated from a school in Quang Tri City during December 1967, the 3rd Marine Division became the first American unit in Vietnam to reach General Westmoreland's targeted level for Kit Carson Scout deployment. From 17 Kit Carson Scouts at the end of 1966, the number of returnees countrywide choosing to become scouts rose to 247 at the end of 1967 and over 2,200 by the end of 1969. A report given to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee in February, 1970 listed 230 Kit Carson Scouts killed in action and 716 wounded."], "answer": {"text": "He went west with a caravan of fur trappers, tending their livestock.", "answer_start": 83}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have problems along the way?", "answer": {"text": "reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#3", "question": "was there any other reasons for traveling the trail?", "rewrite": "Besides Kit Carson tending livestock for a caravan of furtrappers, was there any other reasons for traveling the trail?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["One popular route on Kit Carson Mountain climbs from the west side of the range, starting at Willow Creek Trailhead (elevation: ). This route first climbs Challenger Point, just to the west of Kit Carson. Climbing from the saddle between Challenger Point to Kit Carson peak involves crossing a path commonly called 'Kit Carson Avenue'. Total elevation gain for this route is , in a round-trip. Kit Carson can also be reached from the east side of the Sangre de Cristos via the South Colony Lakes access. (A four-wheel drive road currently provides relatively a high elevation trailhead; however this road will be closed halfway up on October 13, 2009.) This route starts by using part of the trail for Humboldt Peak, and then traverses a ridge and plateau toward Kit Carson. A sub-peak named Columbia Point (informally known as \"Kat Carson\") is climbed on the way to the main summit. Kit Carson does not have any glaciers but it does have a semi-permanent ice patch on its rugged north face, which rarely melts even in the driest years (such as 2002 and 2006). During the summer Kit Carson and the neighboring peaks are hit with a diurnal cycle of thunder storms, which often form within a short time period; lightning occurs almost daily and has killed climbers as recently as 2003. Fatalities also occur because climbers make the mistake of descending the couloir (gulley) between the summit and Challenger Point. Though the couloir looks like a short cut down, and starts off gently enough, it leads to ice fields, and on the edges it quickly becomes cliffed-out, with patches of scree and loose rock, ending in sheer and highly technical terrain. Search and Rescue teams regularly recover bodies from the bottom of the couloir.", "The Adventures of Kit Carson The Adventures of Kit Carson is an American Western television series that aired in syndication from August 1951 to November 1955, originally sponsored by Coca-Cola. It stars Bill Williams in the title role as frontier scout Christopher \"Kit\" Carson. Don Diamond co-starred as \"El Toro\", Carson's Mexican companion. \"The Adventures of Kit Carson\" was intended for children, and presents a fictionalized version of Carson and his life. In the series, Kit Carson roamed the West with his companion El Toro, seeking to help those in need. Kit rode a horse named Apache. The series was filmed by Revue Studios at the ranch of Ray Corrigan, later purchased by Bob Hope, near Simi Valley, California. \"Kit Carson\" was produced by Revue Productions, a subsidiary of MCA Inc.. The company did not renew the copyright on the programs episodes, so that they moved into the public domain.", "Sells and his Kit Carson Scouts briefed Lt. General Lewis W. Walt, the Marine Chief of Staff for Viet Nam, and U. S. Undersecretary of the Navy, Robert H. B. Baldwin, on the workings of the Kit Carson Scout program. On April 29, 1967, the Intelligence Section of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) published a procedural document detailing the expansion of the Kit Carson Scout Program for all active American Army units in country, including the scout's terms of service and wages (Tovy). As the program evolved, recruitment of non-military Viet Cong cadre and defecting North Vietnamese officers were added, and these Kit Carson Scouts also became valuable sources of intelligence in the conduct of the war. General Westmoreland issued an order in September 1967 directing all infantry divisions in Vietnam, including U.S. Army units, to begin using Kit Carson Scouts in conjunction with friendly operations. He directed that a minimum of 100 scouts per division was necessary to ensure effectiveness. The 3rd Marine Division organized its own Chieu Hoi recruitment and training program for placing Kit Carson Scouts with units extending all the way north to the DMZ. When the division's fourth Kit Carson Scout class graduated from a school in Quang Tri City during December 1967, the 3rd Marine Division became the first American unit in Vietnam to reach General Westmoreland's targeted level for Kit Carson Scout deployment. From 17 Kit Carson Scouts at the end of 1966, the number of returnees countrywide choosing to become scouts rose to 247 at the end of 1967 and over 2,200 by the end of 1969. A report given to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee in February, 1970 listed 230 Kit Carson Scouts killed in action and 716 wounded.", "Kit Carson Peak Kit Carson Peak is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. Officially designated Kit Carson Mountain, the fourteener is located east by south (bearing 102\u00b0) of the Town of Crestone in Saguache County, Colorado, United States. The name Kit Carson Mountain is used for both the massif with three summits (Columbia Point, Kit Carson Peak and Challenger Point), or to describe the main summit only. The mountain is named in honor of frontiersman Christopher Houston \"Kit\" Carson. The Crestones are a cluster of high summits in the Sangre de Cristo Range, comprising Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, Kit Carson Peak, Challenger Point, Humboldt Peak, and Columbia Point. They are usually accessed from common trailheads. In January 2002, the Nature Conservancy announced the signing of a $31 million purchase agreement for the Baca Ranch. The purchase significantly expanded the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2004. As part of that complex transaction Kit Carson Mountain was transferred to the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness within the Rio Grande National Forest. Kit Carson Mountain features complex terrain that has misled climbers in the past, contributing to deaths in the summer of 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2019. In 2011, the United States Board on Geographic Names considered a proposal to rename the peak Mount Crestone, voting unanimously against it due to the potential confusion with nearby Crestone Peak and Crestone Needle. The proposal had been put forward because Carson had led an 1863-64 campaign to remove Navajo Indians, who had increased raiding of settlements in New Mexico during the Civil War. Incidentally, local residents for decades had called the mountain \"Crestone Peak\" (the official name of a neighboring peak), and never called it by \"that other name\".", "Kit Carson House The Kit Carson House is a historic house museum at 113 Kit Carson Road in central Taos, New Mexico. Built in 1825, it was from 1843 until his death the home of frontiersman Kit Carson (1809-1868). A good example of Spanish Colonial architecture, it is now owned by the local Masonic fraternity, and serves as a museum dedicated to Carson's life. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Kit Carson House stands a short way east of Taos's central plaza, on the north side of Kit Carson Road. It is a modest single-story adobe structure, built in 1825, that is an east-facing U shape with a central courtyard. The oldest portion of the house consists of the front three rooms, and the next room to the north. The interior of these rooms has been furnished in the Spanish Colonial and Territorial styles of the Carson period, while other rooms house museum offices and displays. Kit Carson grew up in the frontier west, and became renowned as a fur trapper and guide on numerous United States Army expeditions against Native Americans and also during the American Civil War. In 1843 he married Josefa Jarmillo, who was from a leading Taos family, and purchased this house. It remained the couple's principal home until 1868. They were away from it 1851-54 and 1866\u201367, when Carson was stationed elsewhere. In early 1868 the family moved to the Colorado Territory, where both died. In 1952, the house was acquired by Taos's Bent Masonic Lodge #42, AF & AM. It is owned by the Lodge, though the museum is operated by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation. It is open daily and an admission is charged to finance the foundation."], "answer": {"text": "against his mother's wishes, Kit ran away from his apprenticeship.", "answer_start": 16}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have problems along the way?", "answer": {"text": "reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they travel there?", "answer": {"text": "He went west with a caravan of fur trappers, tending their livestock.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#4", "question": "why did he run away?", "rewrite": "why did Kit Carson run away from his apprenticeship?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["One popular route on Kit Carson Mountain climbs from the west side of the range, starting at Willow Creek Trailhead (elevation: ). This route first climbs Challenger Point, just to the west of Kit Carson. Climbing from the saddle between Challenger Point to Kit Carson peak involves crossing a path commonly called 'Kit Carson Avenue'. Total elevation gain for this route is , in a round-trip. Kit Carson can also be reached from the east side of the Sangre de Cristos via the South Colony Lakes access. (A four-wheel drive road currently provides relatively a high elevation trailhead; however this road will be closed halfway up on October 13, 2009.) This route starts by using part of the trail for Humboldt Peak, and then traverses a ridge and plateau toward Kit Carson. A sub-peak named Columbia Point (informally known as \"Kat Carson\") is climbed on the way to the main summit. Kit Carson does not have any glaciers but it does have a semi-permanent ice patch on its rugged north face, which rarely melts even in the driest years (such as 2002 and 2006). During the summer Kit Carson and the neighboring peaks are hit with a diurnal cycle of thunder storms, which often form within a short time period; lightning occurs almost daily and has killed climbers as recently as 2003. Fatalities also occur because climbers make the mistake of descending the couloir (gulley) between the summit and Challenger Point. Though the couloir looks like a short cut down, and starts off gently enough, it leads to ice fields, and on the edges it quickly becomes cliffed-out, with patches of scree and loose rock, ending in sheer and highly technical terrain. Search and Rescue teams regularly recover bodies from the bottom of the couloir.", "Kit Carson House The Kit Carson House is a historic house museum at 113 Kit Carson Road in central Taos, New Mexico. Built in 1825, it was from 1843 until his death the home of frontiersman Kit Carson (1809-1868). A good example of Spanish Colonial architecture, it is now owned by the local Masonic fraternity, and serves as a museum dedicated to Carson's life. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Kit Carson House stands a short way east of Taos's central plaza, on the north side of Kit Carson Road. It is a modest single-story adobe structure, built in 1825, that is an east-facing U shape with a central courtyard. The oldest portion of the house consists of the front three rooms, and the next room to the north. The interior of these rooms has been furnished in the Spanish Colonial and Territorial styles of the Carson period, while other rooms house museum offices and displays. Kit Carson grew up in the frontier west, and became renowned as a fur trapper and guide on numerous United States Army expeditions against Native Americans and also during the American Civil War. In 1843 he married Josefa Jarmillo, who was from a leading Taos family, and purchased this house. It remained the couple's principal home until 1868. They were away from it 1851-54 and 1866\u201367, when Carson was stationed elsewhere. In early 1868 the family moved to the Colorado Territory, where both died. In 1952, the house was acquired by Taos's Bent Masonic Lodge #42, AF & AM. It is owned by the Lodge, though the museum is operated by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation. It is open daily and an admission is charged to finance the foundation.", "Kit Carson Peak Kit Carson Peak is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. Officially designated Kit Carson Mountain, the fourteener is located east by south (bearing 102\u00b0) of the Town of Crestone in Saguache County, Colorado, United States. The name Kit Carson Mountain is used for both the massif with three summits (Columbia Point, Kit Carson Peak and Challenger Point), or to describe the main summit only. The mountain is named in honor of frontiersman Christopher Houston \"Kit\" Carson. The Crestones are a cluster of high summits in the Sangre de Cristo Range, comprising Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, Kit Carson Peak, Challenger Point, Humboldt Peak, and Columbia Point. They are usually accessed from common trailheads. In January 2002, the Nature Conservancy announced the signing of a $31 million purchase agreement for the Baca Ranch. The purchase significantly expanded the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2004. As part of that complex transaction Kit Carson Mountain was transferred to the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness within the Rio Grande National Forest. Kit Carson Mountain features complex terrain that has misled climbers in the past, contributing to deaths in the summer of 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2019. In 2011, the United States Board on Geographic Names considered a proposal to rename the peak Mount Crestone, voting unanimously against it due to the potential confusion with nearby Crestone Peak and Crestone Needle. The proposal had been put forward because Carson had led an 1863-64 campaign to remove Navajo Indians, who had increased raiding of settlements in New Mexico during the Civil War. Incidentally, local residents for decades had called the mountain \"Crestone Peak\" (the official name of a neighboring peak), and never called it by \"that other name\".", "The Adventures of Kit Carson The Adventures of Kit Carson is an American Western television series that aired in syndication from August 1951 to November 1955, originally sponsored by Coca-Cola. It stars Bill Williams in the title role as frontier scout Christopher \"Kit\" Carson. Don Diamond co-starred as \"El Toro\", Carson's Mexican companion. \"The Adventures of Kit Carson\" was intended for children, and presents a fictionalized version of Carson and his life. In the series, Kit Carson roamed the West with his companion El Toro, seeking to help those in need. Kit rode a horse named Apache. The series was filmed by Revue Studios at the ranch of Ray Corrigan, later purchased by Bob Hope, near Simi Valley, California. \"Kit Carson\" was produced by Revue Productions, a subsidiary of MCA Inc.. The company did not renew the copyright on the programs episodes, so that they moved into the public domain.", "Sells and his Kit Carson Scouts briefed Lt. General Lewis W. Walt, the Marine Chief of Staff for Viet Nam, and U. S. Undersecretary of the Navy, Robert H. B. Baldwin, on the workings of the Kit Carson Scout program. On April 29, 1967, the Intelligence Section of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) published a procedural document detailing the expansion of the Kit Carson Scout Program for all active American Army units in country, including the scout's terms of service and wages (Tovy). As the program evolved, recruitment of non-military Viet Cong cadre and defecting North Vietnamese officers were added, and these Kit Carson Scouts also became valuable sources of intelligence in the conduct of the war. General Westmoreland issued an order in September 1967 directing all infantry divisions in Vietnam, including U.S. Army units, to begin using Kit Carson Scouts in conjunction with friendly operations. He directed that a minimum of 100 scouts per division was necessary to ensure effectiveness. The 3rd Marine Division organized its own Chieu Hoi recruitment and training program for placing Kit Carson Scouts with units extending all the way north to the DMZ. When the division's fourth Kit Carson Scout class graduated from a school in Quang Tri City during December 1967, the 3rd Marine Division became the first American unit in Vietnam to reach General Westmoreland's targeted level for Kit Carson Scout deployment. From 17 Kit Carson Scouts at the end of 1966, the number of returnees countrywide choosing to become scouts rose to 247 at the end of 1967 and over 2,200 by the end of 1969. A report given to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee in February, 1970 listed 230 Kit Carson Scouts killed in action and 716 wounded."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have problems along the way?", "answer": {"text": "reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they travel there?", "answer": {"text": "He went west with a caravan of fur trappers, tending their livestock.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other reasons for traveling the trail?", "answer": {"text": "against his mother's wishes, Kit ran away from his apprenticeship.", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Kit Carson travelling to Taos in 1826, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sells and his Kit Carson Scouts briefed Lt. General Lewis W. Walt, the Marine Chief of Staff for Viet Nam, and U. S. Undersecretary of the Navy, Robert H. B. Baldwin, on the workings of the Kit Carson Scout program. On April 29, 1967, the Intelligence Section of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) published a procedural document detailing the expansion of the Kit Carson Scout Program for all active American Army units in country, including the scout's terms of service and wages (Tovy). As the program evolved, recruitment of non-military Viet Cong cadre and defecting North Vietnamese officers were added, and these Kit Carson Scouts also became valuable sources of intelligence in the conduct of the war. General Westmoreland issued an order in September 1967 directing all infantry divisions in Vietnam, including U.S. Army units, to begin using Kit Carson Scouts in conjunction with friendly operations. He directed that a minimum of 100 scouts per division was necessary to ensure effectiveness. The 3rd Marine Division organized its own Chieu Hoi recruitment and training program for placing Kit Carson Scouts with units extending all the way north to the DMZ. When the division's fourth Kit Carson Scout class graduated from a school in Quang Tri City during December 1967, the 3rd Marine Division became the first American unit in Vietnam to reach General Westmoreland's targeted level for Kit Carson Scout deployment. From 17 Kit Carson Scouts at the end of 1966, the number of returnees countrywide choosing to become scouts rose to 247 at the end of 1967 and over 2,200 by the end of 1969. A report given to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee in February, 1970 listed 230 Kit Carson Scouts killed in action and 716 wounded.", "Kit Carson House The Kit Carson House is a historic house museum at 113 Kit Carson Road in central Taos, New Mexico. Built in 1825, it was from 1843 until his death the home of frontiersman Kit Carson (1809-1868). A good example of Spanish Colonial architecture, it is now owned by the local Masonic fraternity, and serves as a museum dedicated to Carson's life. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Kit Carson House stands a short way east of Taos's central plaza, on the north side of Kit Carson Road. It is a modest single-story adobe structure, built in 1825, that is an east-facing U shape with a central courtyard. The oldest portion of the house consists of the front three rooms, and the next room to the north. The interior of these rooms has been furnished in the Spanish Colonial and Territorial styles of the Carson period, while other rooms house museum offices and displays. Kit Carson grew up in the frontier west, and became renowned as a fur trapper and guide on numerous United States Army expeditions against Native Americans and also during the American Civil War. In 1843 he married Josefa Jarmillo, who was from a leading Taos family, and purchased this house. It remained the couple's principal home until 1868. They were away from it 1851-54 and 1866\u201367, when Carson was stationed elsewhere. In early 1868 the family moved to the Colorado Territory, where both died. In 1952, the house was acquired by Taos's Bent Masonic Lodge #42, AF & AM. It is owned by the Lodge, though the museum is operated by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation. It is open daily and an admission is charged to finance the foundation.", "The celebration continues with musical and dance performances scheduled on the Plaza every hour. Two parades are staged, a children parade on Saturday and the larger Fiesta Parade on Sunday. Located just North of the Taos Plaza, this street was the location of Governor Charles Bent's home. Governor Bent was scalped and killed by Pueblo warriors during the Taos Revolt, on January 19, 1847. During the Taos Revolt, Bent\u2019s horses were set free from their stable. Many of the historic sites are homes and studios of artists, including the Mabel Dodge Luhan House, Eanger Irving Couse House and Studio\u2014 Joseph Henry Sharp Studios, the Nicolai Fechin House, the Leon Gaspard House, and the Ernest Martin Hennings House. Doc Martin's restaurant in the historic Taos Inn was previously the office of Thomas \"Doc\" Martin while other parts of the inn served as his home and the birthplace of the Taos Society of Artists. On Ledoux street, just south of the Taos Plaza, is the Ernest L. Blumenschein House and Harwood House. The Helene Wurlitzer Foundation is a non-profit organization that provides free residency to eleven artists, with each year divided into three residency sessions of three months apiece. The center of the Taos Downtown Historic District is the Taos Plaza. Just west of that is the Our Lady of Guadalupe Church. North of the Taos Plaza is the Governor Charles Bent House and the Taos Inn. Further north in Taos The Bernard Beimer House. On the southwestern edge of the Taos Historic district is La Loma Plaza Historic District. East of the plaza on Kit Carson Road is the Kit Carson House. North of Taos is the Turley Mill and Distillery Site and the Rio Grande Gorge Bridge.", "One popular route on Kit Carson Mountain climbs from the west side of the range, starting at Willow Creek Trailhead (elevation: ). This route first climbs Challenger Point, just to the west of Kit Carson. Climbing from the saddle between Challenger Point to Kit Carson peak involves crossing a path commonly called 'Kit Carson Avenue'. Total elevation gain for this route is , in a round-trip. Kit Carson can also be reached from the east side of the Sangre de Cristos via the South Colony Lakes access. (A four-wheel drive road currently provides relatively a high elevation trailhead; however this road will be closed halfway up on October 13, 2009.) This route starts by using part of the trail for Humboldt Peak, and then traverses a ridge and plateau toward Kit Carson. A sub-peak named Columbia Point (informally known as \"Kat Carson\") is climbed on the way to the main summit. Kit Carson does not have any glaciers but it does have a semi-permanent ice patch on its rugged north face, which rarely melts even in the driest years (such as 2002 and 2006). During the summer Kit Carson and the neighboring peaks are hit with a diurnal cycle of thunder storms, which often form within a short time period; lightning occurs almost daily and has killed climbers as recently as 2003. Fatalities also occur because climbers make the mistake of descending the couloir (gulley) between the summit and Challenger Point. Though the couloir looks like a short cut down, and starts off gently enough, it leads to ice fields, and on the edges it quickly becomes cliffed-out, with patches of scree and loose rock, ending in sheer and highly technical terrain. Search and Rescue teams regularly recover bodies from the bottom of the couloir.", "Kit Carson Peak Kit Carson Peak is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. Officially designated Kit Carson Mountain, the fourteener is located east by south (bearing 102\u00b0) of the Town of Crestone in Saguache County, Colorado, United States. The name Kit Carson Mountain is used for both the massif with three summits (Columbia Point, Kit Carson Peak and Challenger Point), or to describe the main summit only. The mountain is named in honor of frontiersman Christopher Houston \"Kit\" Carson. The Crestones are a cluster of high summits in the Sangre de Cristo Range, comprising Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, Kit Carson Peak, Challenger Point, Humboldt Peak, and Columbia Point. They are usually accessed from common trailheads. In January 2002, the Nature Conservancy announced the signing of a $31 million purchase agreement for the Baca Ranch. The purchase significantly expanded the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2004. As part of that complex transaction Kit Carson Mountain was transferred to the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness within the Rio Grande National Forest. Kit Carson Mountain features complex terrain that has misled climbers in the past, contributing to deaths in the summer of 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2019. In 2011, the United States Board on Geographic Names considered a proposal to rename the peak Mount Crestone, voting unanimously against it due to the potential confusion with nearby Crestone Peak and Crestone Needle. The proposal had been put forward because Carson had led an 1863-64 campaign to remove Navajo Indians, who had increased raiding of settlements in New Mexico during the Civil War. Incidentally, local residents for decades had called the mountain \"Crestone Peak\" (the official name of a neighboring peak), and never called it by \"that other name\"."], "answer": {"text": "Between 1827 and 1829, Carson worked as cook, translator, and wagon driver in the southwest.", "answer_start": 1156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have problems along the way?", "answer": {"text": "reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they travel there?", "answer": {"text": "He went west with a caravan of fur trappers, tending their livestock.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other reasons for traveling the trail?", "answer": {"text": "against his mother's wishes, Kit ran away from his apprenticeship.", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he run away?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#6", "question": "did he have any other jobs?", "rewrite": "did Kit Carson have any other jobs, besides working as a cook, translator and wagon driver?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["One popular route on Kit Carson Mountain climbs from the west side of the range, starting at Willow Creek Trailhead (elevation: ). This route first climbs Challenger Point, just to the west of Kit Carson. Climbing from the saddle between Challenger Point to Kit Carson peak involves crossing a path commonly called 'Kit Carson Avenue'. Total elevation gain for this route is , in a round-trip. Kit Carson can also be reached from the east side of the Sangre de Cristos via the South Colony Lakes access. (A four-wheel drive road currently provides relatively a high elevation trailhead; however this road will be closed halfway up on October 13, 2009.) This route starts by using part of the trail for Humboldt Peak, and then traverses a ridge and plateau toward Kit Carson. A sub-peak named Columbia Point (informally known as \"Kat Carson\") is climbed on the way to the main summit. Kit Carson does not have any glaciers but it does have a semi-permanent ice patch on its rugged north face, which rarely melts even in the driest years (such as 2002 and 2006). During the summer Kit Carson and the neighboring peaks are hit with a diurnal cycle of thunder storms, which often form within a short time period; lightning occurs almost daily and has killed climbers as recently as 2003. Fatalities also occur because climbers make the mistake of descending the couloir (gulley) between the summit and Challenger Point. Though the couloir looks like a short cut down, and starts off gently enough, it leads to ice fields, and on the edges it quickly becomes cliffed-out, with patches of scree and loose rock, ending in sheer and highly technical terrain. Search and Rescue teams regularly recover bodies from the bottom of the couloir.", "Kit Carson House The Kit Carson House is a historic house museum at 113 Kit Carson Road in central Taos, New Mexico. Built in 1825, it was from 1843 until his death the home of frontiersman Kit Carson (1809-1868). A good example of Spanish Colonial architecture, it is now owned by the local Masonic fraternity, and serves as a museum dedicated to Carson's life. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Kit Carson House stands a short way east of Taos's central plaza, on the north side of Kit Carson Road. It is a modest single-story adobe structure, built in 1825, that is an east-facing U shape with a central courtyard. The oldest portion of the house consists of the front three rooms, and the next room to the north. The interior of these rooms has been furnished in the Spanish Colonial and Territorial styles of the Carson period, while other rooms house museum offices and displays. Kit Carson grew up in the frontier west, and became renowned as a fur trapper and guide on numerous United States Army expeditions against Native Americans and also during the American Civil War. In 1843 he married Josefa Jarmillo, who was from a leading Taos family, and purchased this house. It remained the couple's principal home until 1868. They were away from it 1851-54 and 1866\u201367, when Carson was stationed elsewhere. In early 1868 the family moved to the Colorado Territory, where both died. In 1952, the house was acquired by Taos's Bent Masonic Lodge #42, AF & AM. It is owned by the Lodge, though the museum is operated by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation. It is open daily and an admission is charged to finance the foundation.", "Kit Carson Peak Kit Carson Peak is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. Officially designated Kit Carson Mountain, the fourteener is located east by south (bearing 102\u00b0) of the Town of Crestone in Saguache County, Colorado, United States. The name Kit Carson Mountain is used for both the massif with three summits (Columbia Point, Kit Carson Peak and Challenger Point), or to describe the main summit only. The mountain is named in honor of frontiersman Christopher Houston \"Kit\" Carson. The Crestones are a cluster of high summits in the Sangre de Cristo Range, comprising Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, Kit Carson Peak, Challenger Point, Humboldt Peak, and Columbia Point. They are usually accessed from common trailheads. In January 2002, the Nature Conservancy announced the signing of a $31 million purchase agreement for the Baca Ranch. The purchase significantly expanded the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2004. As part of that complex transaction Kit Carson Mountain was transferred to the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness within the Rio Grande National Forest. Kit Carson Mountain features complex terrain that has misled climbers in the past, contributing to deaths in the summer of 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2019. In 2011, the United States Board on Geographic Names considered a proposal to rename the peak Mount Crestone, voting unanimously against it due to the potential confusion with nearby Crestone Peak and Crestone Needle. The proposal had been put forward because Carson had led an 1863-64 campaign to remove Navajo Indians, who had increased raiding of settlements in New Mexico during the Civil War. Incidentally, local residents for decades had called the mountain \"Crestone Peak\" (the official name of a neighboring peak), and never called it by \"that other name\".", "The Adventures of Kit Carson The Adventures of Kit Carson is an American Western television series that aired in syndication from August 1951 to November 1955, originally sponsored by Coca-Cola. It stars Bill Williams in the title role as frontier scout Christopher \"Kit\" Carson. Don Diamond co-starred as \"El Toro\", Carson's Mexican companion. \"The Adventures of Kit Carson\" was intended for children, and presents a fictionalized version of Carson and his life. In the series, Kit Carson roamed the West with his companion El Toro, seeking to help those in need. Kit rode a horse named Apache. The series was filmed by Revue Studios at the ranch of Ray Corrigan, later purchased by Bob Hope, near Simi Valley, California. \"Kit Carson\" was produced by Revue Productions, a subsidiary of MCA Inc.. The company did not renew the copyright on the programs episodes, so that they moved into the public domain.", "Sells and his Kit Carson Scouts briefed Lt. General Lewis W. Walt, the Marine Chief of Staff for Viet Nam, and U. S. Undersecretary of the Navy, Robert H. B. Baldwin, on the workings of the Kit Carson Scout program. On April 29, 1967, the Intelligence Section of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) published a procedural document detailing the expansion of the Kit Carson Scout Program for all active American Army units in country, including the scout's terms of service and wages (Tovy). As the program evolved, recruitment of non-military Viet Cong cadre and defecting North Vietnamese officers were added, and these Kit Carson Scouts also became valuable sources of intelligence in the conduct of the war. General Westmoreland issued an order in September 1967 directing all infantry divisions in Vietnam, including U.S. Army units, to begin using Kit Carson Scouts in conjunction with friendly operations. He directed that a minimum of 100 scouts per division was necessary to ensure effectiveness. The 3rd Marine Division organized its own Chieu Hoi recruitment and training program for placing Kit Carson Scouts with units extending all the way north to the DMZ. When the division's fourth Kit Carson Scout class graduated from a school in Quang Tri City during December 1967, the 3rd Marine Division became the first American unit in Vietnam to reach General Westmoreland's targeted level for Kit Carson Scout deployment. From 17 Kit Carson Scouts at the end of 1966, the number of returnees countrywide choosing to become scouts rose to 247 at the end of 1967 and over 2,200 by the end of 1969. A report given to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee in February, 1970 listed 230 Kit Carson Scouts killed in action and 716 wounded."], "answer": {"text": "He also worked at a copper mine near the Gila River in southwestern New Mexico.", "answer_start": 1249}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have problems along the way?", "answer": {"text": "reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they travel there?", "answer": {"text": "He went west with a caravan of fur trappers, tending their livestock.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other reasons for traveling the trail?", "answer": {"text": "against his mother's wishes, Kit ran away from his apprenticeship.", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he run away?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1827 and 1829, Carson worked as cook, translator, and wagon driver in the southwest.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5372ebe91cf54d49bb61c33a6f82dcd6_1_q#7", "question": "Did he enjoy exploring?", "rewrite": "Did Kit Carson enjoy exploring?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Adventures of Kit Carson The Adventures of Kit Carson is an American Western television series that aired in syndication from August 1951 to November 1955, originally sponsored by Coca-Cola. It stars Bill Williams in the title role as frontier scout Christopher \"Kit\" Carson. Don Diamond co-starred as \"El Toro\", Carson's Mexican companion. \"The Adventures of Kit Carson\" was intended for children, and presents a fictionalized version of Carson and his life. In the series, Kit Carson roamed the West with his companion El Toro, seeking to help those in need. Kit rode a horse named Apache. The series was filmed by Revue Studios at the ranch of Ray Corrigan, later purchased by Bob Hope, near Simi Valley, California. \"Kit Carson\" was produced by Revue Productions, a subsidiary of MCA Inc.. The company did not renew the copyright on the programs episodes, so that they moved into the public domain.", "Kit Carson Peak Kit Carson Peak is a high mountain summit of the Crestones in the Sangre de Cristo Range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. Officially designated Kit Carson Mountain, the fourteener is located east by south (bearing 102\u00b0) of the Town of Crestone in Saguache County, Colorado, United States. The name Kit Carson Mountain is used for both the massif with three summits (Columbia Point, Kit Carson Peak and Challenger Point), or to describe the main summit only. The mountain is named in honor of frontiersman Christopher Houston \"Kit\" Carson. The Crestones are a cluster of high summits in the Sangre de Cristo Range, comprising Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, Kit Carson Peak, Challenger Point, Humboldt Peak, and Columbia Point. They are usually accessed from common trailheads. In January 2002, the Nature Conservancy announced the signing of a $31 million purchase agreement for the Baca Ranch. The purchase significantly expanded the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2004. As part of that complex transaction Kit Carson Mountain was transferred to the Sangre de Cristo Wilderness within the Rio Grande National Forest. Kit Carson Mountain features complex terrain that has misled climbers in the past, contributing to deaths in the summer of 2006, 2010, 2011 and 2019. In 2011, the United States Board on Geographic Names considered a proposal to rename the peak Mount Crestone, voting unanimously against it due to the potential confusion with nearby Crestone Peak and Crestone Needle. The proposal had been put forward because Carson had led an 1863-64 campaign to remove Navajo Indians, who had increased raiding of settlements in New Mexico during the Civil War. Incidentally, local residents for decades had called the mountain \"Crestone Peak\" (the official name of a neighboring peak), and never called it by \"that other name\".", "Sells and his Kit Carson Scouts briefed Lt. General Lewis W. Walt, the Marine Chief of Staff for Viet Nam, and U. S. Undersecretary of the Navy, Robert H. B. Baldwin, on the workings of the Kit Carson Scout program. On April 29, 1967, the Intelligence Section of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) published a procedural document detailing the expansion of the Kit Carson Scout Program for all active American Army units in country, including the scout's terms of service and wages (Tovy). As the program evolved, recruitment of non-military Viet Cong cadre and defecting North Vietnamese officers were added, and these Kit Carson Scouts also became valuable sources of intelligence in the conduct of the war. General Westmoreland issued an order in September 1967 directing all infantry divisions in Vietnam, including U.S. Army units, to begin using Kit Carson Scouts in conjunction with friendly operations. He directed that a minimum of 100 scouts per division was necessary to ensure effectiveness. The 3rd Marine Division organized its own Chieu Hoi recruitment and training program for placing Kit Carson Scouts with units extending all the way north to the DMZ. When the division's fourth Kit Carson Scout class graduated from a school in Quang Tri City during December 1967, the 3rd Marine Division became the first American unit in Vietnam to reach General Westmoreland's targeted level for Kit Carson Scout deployment. From 17 Kit Carson Scouts at the end of 1966, the number of returnees countrywide choosing to become scouts rose to 247 at the end of 1967 and over 2,200 by the end of 1969. A report given to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee in February, 1970 listed 230 Kit Carson Scouts killed in action and 716 wounded.", "One popular route on Kit Carson Mountain climbs from the west side of the range, starting at Willow Creek Trailhead (elevation: ). This route first climbs Challenger Point, just to the west of Kit Carson. Climbing from the saddle between Challenger Point to Kit Carson peak involves crossing a path commonly called 'Kit Carson Avenue'. Total elevation gain for this route is , in a round-trip. Kit Carson can also be reached from the east side of the Sangre de Cristos via the South Colony Lakes access. (A four-wheel drive road currently provides relatively a high elevation trailhead; however this road will be closed halfway up on October 13, 2009.) This route starts by using part of the trail for Humboldt Peak, and then traverses a ridge and plateau toward Kit Carson. A sub-peak named Columbia Point (informally known as \"Kat Carson\") is climbed on the way to the main summit. Kit Carson does not have any glaciers but it does have a semi-permanent ice patch on its rugged north face, which rarely melts even in the driest years (such as 2002 and 2006). During the summer Kit Carson and the neighboring peaks are hit with a diurnal cycle of thunder storms, which often form within a short time period; lightning occurs almost daily and has killed climbers as recently as 2003. Fatalities also occur because climbers make the mistake of descending the couloir (gulley) between the summit and Challenger Point. Though the couloir looks like a short cut down, and starts off gently enough, it leads to ice fields, and on the edges it quickly becomes cliffed-out, with patches of scree and loose rock, ending in sheer and highly technical terrain. Search and Rescue teams regularly recover bodies from the bottom of the couloir.", "Kit Carson House The Kit Carson House is a historic house museum at 113 Kit Carson Road in central Taos, New Mexico. Built in 1825, it was from 1843 until his death the home of frontiersman Kit Carson (1809-1868). A good example of Spanish Colonial architecture, it is now owned by the local Masonic fraternity, and serves as a museum dedicated to Carson's life. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. The Kit Carson House stands a short way east of Taos's central plaza, on the north side of Kit Carson Road. It is a modest single-story adobe structure, built in 1825, that is an east-facing U shape with a central courtyard. The oldest portion of the house consists of the front three rooms, and the next room to the north. The interior of these rooms has been furnished in the Spanish Colonial and Territorial styles of the Carson period, while other rooms house museum offices and displays. Kit Carson grew up in the frontier west, and became renowned as a fur trapper and guide on numerous United States Army expeditions against Native Americans and also during the American Civil War. In 1843 he married Josefa Jarmillo, who was from a leading Taos family, and purchased this house. It remained the couple's principal home until 1868. They were away from it 1851-54 and 1866\u201367, when Carson was stationed elsewhere. In early 1868 the family moved to the Colorado Territory, where both died. In 1952, the house was acquired by Taos's Bent Masonic Lodge #42, AF & AM. It is owned by the Lodge, though the museum is operated by the Kit Carson Memorial Foundation. It is open daily and an admission is charged to finance the foundation."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened on the santa fe trail for Kit Carson?", "answer": {"text": "They made their trek over the Santa Fe Trail to Santa Fe, the capital of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico,", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have problems along the way?", "answer": {"text": "reaching their destination in November 1826. Kit settled in Taos.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they travel there?", "answer": {"text": "He went west with a caravan of fur trappers, tending their livestock.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was there any other reasons for traveling the trail?", "answer": {"text": "against his mother's wishes, Kit ran away from his apprenticeship.", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he run away?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1827 and 1829, Carson worked as cook, translator, and wagon driver in the southwest.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any other jobs?", "answer": {"text": "He also worked at a copper mine near the Gila River in southwestern New Mexico.", "answer_start": 1249, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776f27be3ed94aba961c2493b0ff6644_1_q#0", "question": "What was the first album of band Bleeding Through?", "rewrite": "What was the first album of band Bleeding Through?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Declaration (Bleeding Through album) Declaration is the fifth album by American metalcore band Bleeding Through. The song's titles are named after different states and cities. Frontman Brandan Schieppati commented, \"There are definitely places when we're traveling where every time we go there, we're like, ' Fuck, why do we have to be here?' Like, we'll be in France and all of a sudden we'll feel totally insignificant. You get the feeling that people's eyes are just burning a hole through you.\" The album was scheduled for release in August. Schieppati claims it will be heavier than the band's 2003 release, \"This Is Love, This Is Murderous\", and bridges the gap between \"This Love\" and \"The Truth\", \"The melodies are darker, the riffs are heavier. We just wrote a really aggressive record that encompasses everything we've ever tried to do as a band and then raised the bar a notch or two.\" During the Soundwave the band previewed a new song from the album called \"Orange County Blonde And Blue\". The song can be watched on YouTube. Bleeding Through recently stated in an MTV blog they have finished the record and released details of the album, but do not intend to hand the masters over to Trustkill until numerous issues be resolved. This leaves the supposed August 2008 release date up in the air. Subsequently, they asked to be dropped from Trustkill in the same blog. Whilst playing at Download Festival in June 2008 Bleeding Through's front man Brandan Schieppati said with regards to the albums \"We are having trouble with our record label, so when the new record comes out, steal it, download it illegally, do what you fucking want, as long as you the fans hear it\".", "Brandan Schieppati Brandan Schieppati (born August 3, 1980) is the singer of metalcore band Bleeding Through and a former guitarist/songwriter of the fellow Orange County metalcore band Eighteen Visions, for which he played from 1997 to 2002. He is also a bodybuilder, personal trainer and \"Rise Above Fitness\" gym owner. He was strictly straight edge from an early age until his late twenties. Brandan has been in Eighteen Visions, Throwdown, Bleeding Through, The Mistake and Die Die My Darling, a Misfits cover band from which nothing has been released. He has recently formed a new band along with Brooks Wackerman of Bad Religion, Ryan Sinn formerly of The Distillers and Dave Nassie of No Use for a Name called The Innocent. Brandan is also the vocalist for a side project called \"Suffer Well\" with Mick Kenney (Anaal Nathrakh) and Trevor Friedrich (Combichrist, ex-18 Visions), on drums. In June 2002, Brandan's jaw was broken in a fight after a show. He went through surgery the next day. Though this resulted in Bleeding Through canceling their tour in support of Portrait of the Goddess, he recovered quickly enough to play at Hellfest 2002. He contributed guest vocals on the track \"The Architects of Repulsion\" on Australian deathcore band The Red Shore's debut album Unconsecrated. Also on AFI's \"Decemberunderground\" (2006) and Tiger Army's Music From Regions Beyond as backing vocals. Also performing guest vocals on the track \"Widowmaker\" on Psyclon Nine's album \" We The Fallen\". He also has featured in The band Miss May I's new album Monument, on a bonus iTunes track from pre-orders. Schieppati was also featured in the song", "Jona Weinhofen Jona Weinhofen (born 1 January 1983) is an Australian metalcore guitarist and musician from Adelaide, South Australia. He is the lead guitarist for Australian band I Killed the Prom Queen. He was also the rhythm guitarist for British band Bring Me the Horizon from 2009 to 2013 and the guitarist for Californian band Bleeding Through from 2007 to 2009. Jona Weinhofen formed metalcore band I Killed the Prom Queen in Adelaide in 2000 with drummer JJ Peters. The band released two LPs, one EP, a split EP, a demo and a live CD/DVD before splitting in 2007, with Weinhofen acting as manager from 2004 to 2007. After the departure of vocalist Ed Butcher from I Killed the Prom Queen, Weinhofen was invited to join American band Bleeding Through after the departure of Scott Danough. He played on their release \"Declaration\" and can be seen in their videos for \"Death Anxiety\" and \"Germany\". His new spot in Bleeding Through was one of several factors that caused the split of I Killed the Prom Queen in 2007. They briefly reunited in 2008 for their \"Say Goodbye\" farewell tour. Weinhofen left Bleeding Through midway through 2009 partly due to homesickness and discontent with living in America. Weinhofen replaced Curtis Ward in British band Bring Me the Horizon as a permanent member in March 2009. He was featured in the music video for \"The Sadness Will Never End\", which was released following the departure of Ward, and recorded with the group on their album \" There Is a Hell Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven Let's Keep It a Secret.\". Weinhofen rejoined I Killed the Prom Queen when the band reunited in 2011 to play on the Destroy The Music Tour. The band also started working on a new studio album.", "The Truth (Bleeding Through album) The Truth is the fourth album by American metalcore band Bleeding Through, as well as their second album released through Trustkill Records. The album was released on January 10, 2006, produced by Rob Caggiano, lead guitarist of Anthrax. The album produced three singles: \"Kill to Believe\", \"Love in Slow Motion\", and \"Line in the Sand\", all with accompanying music videos (with \"Love in Slow Motion\" being a sequel to the \"Kill To Believe\" video). This was the last album to feature lead guitarist and founding member Scott Danough \"The Truth\" entered the Billboard Chart at No. 48 (with 17,000 copies sold in its first week) making it the highest charting release by the band to date. It has gone on to sell more than 250,000 copies since its release. Although it received mostly mixed reviews, \"Billboard\" magazine called \"The Truth\" \"one of the four most important hard rock albums of 2006.\" A special edition entitled \"The Complete Truth\" was released on July 15 of 2008. The band penned a guest blog on the Headbanger's Blog and commented on the release:  \" It has been months and we have kept silent. But this latest slap in the face from our supposed record label has pushed us over the edge. We just read on the Internet that Josh Grabelle (Trustkill head honcho) plans to release a 'special edition' of our 2006 album \"The Truth\" one month before releasing our new album. Let it be known that Bleeding Through is 100% against this so-called 'special' edition.", "Bleeding Through (album) Bleeding Through is the self-titled sixth studio album by American metalcore band Bleeding Through. The album was released through Rise Records on April 13, 2010. The album is the first to be released by the band through Rise Records due to their shift to Rise after being very open and public about their dislike for Trustkill in 2008, Bleeding Through announced their split with the label shortly after releasing \"Declaration\". In late 2009, the band announced their signing to Rise Records. Craig Ericson, President of Rise expressed his excitement to work with Bleeding Through stating, \"We've been huge fans ever since they released an album on Indecision Records. Having Bleeding Through in the family is a dream come true. We both share extreme passion for music and can't wait to show the world what we can achieve together as a team. \" The band was mutually excited to work with Rise, due to the label's enthusiasm to help the band grow and reach their potential. Vocalist Brandan Schieppati stated, \"After 10 years, we have been content with the fan base, the familiarity of touring and the comfort of knowing what to expect at every show. Rise wants to build on that.\" \"Bleeding Through\" is also the first studio album to feature Dave Nassie, who has previously played in punk rock groups No Use for a Name, 22 Jacks, Suicidal Tendencies and the funk metal band Infectious Grooves. Nassie replaced former guitarist Jona Weinhofen, who left Bleeding Through after two years due to Trustkill not paying royalties and returned home to Australia. \"Bleeding Through\" debuted at number 143 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with 3,700 copies sold in the first week. This is significantly lower than Bleeding Through's previous album, 2008's \"Declaration\", which peaked at number 101 and sold 6,000 copies in the first week."], "answer": {"text": "Dust to Ashes", "answer_start": 1091}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_776f27be3ed94aba961c2493b0ff6644_1_q#1", "question": "Was it a bill board chart?", "rewrite": "Was Bleeding Through's album, Dust to Ashes on the billboard charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mr. Serv-On would release his third album & first independent album titled \"\", it only made it to number 75 on the R&B charts. On October 30, 2001 Mr. Serv-On would release his fourth album titled \"Take a Sip\" via Lifetime, K.O.K., Street Level, the album would fail to make any of the \"Billboard\" charts. On March 18, 2003 Mr. Serv-On released his fifth album & second independent album titled \"No More Questions\" via Lifetime, the album would fail to make any of the Billboard charts. On March 18, 2003 Mr. Serv-On would release his sixth album & third independent album titled \"Life Insurance 2 (Heart Muzik)\" via Lifetyme, the album would fail to make any of the \"Billboard\" charts. Mr. Serv-On signed to Killa C's Dirty Thug Recordz in 2009 & would release his seventh album titled \"Gangsta 1 More Time\"on November 17, 2009, the album would fail to make any of the Billboard charts. On March 18, 2003 Mr. Serv-On would release his eighth album titled \"Internet Platinum\" via Lifetyme, Hustle Blooc the album would fail to make any of the Billboard charts. On December 20, 2013, he announced the release of his new mixtape \"Guaparation Canal\", which was slated to be released in February 2014. On March 4, 2014 Revolution Entertainment would release the collaborative album \"Known Associates\" by SC and Mr. Serv-On. On September 18, Serv-On announced his next release would be Boss Certified with a release date of October 28, 2014. This album will be distributed through Serv-On`s own label, Hot City Music.", "Viktory  Viktory is an American Christian rapper, songwriter and record producer from Chicago, Illinois. Viktory has released three studio albums and has appeared on the Billboard charts six times. Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, and eventually moved to California, Viktory didn't grow up as a Christian. In fact, Viktory didn't become a Christian until his freshman year in college. The Courageous but well-spoken, Viktory released his debuted album entitled \"Believe It Now\" in 2008. The album featured recording artist Marvin Winans, Jr and included Viktory's hit single \"Hold Me Down\". In 2009, Viktory followed the success of the \"Believe It Now\" album with the release of \"Sprawling sets such as The First of Many\". Although a great album, \"Sprawling sets such as The First of Many\" didn't reach the billboard charts. Viktory went back in the studio and in 2011 saw his first taste of Billboard success with the release of his album \"Birth of a Legacy, Vol. 1\" which charted 48 on the Top Christian album. The album was so successful that Viktory began receiving attention from competitive record companies to come join them. Viktory turned down the offers and remained independent. In 2012 Viktory released \"R4 (Relentless 4ever)\" which reached 22 on the billboard charts. In 2014 he followed \"R4 (Relentless 4ever)\" with \"R4 (Relentless 4ever), Vol. 2\", which also reached number 12 on the billboard charts. Stellar Awards", "In early 1981, Grace Slick returned to the band, rejoining in time to sing on one song, \"Stranger,\" (Pete and Jeannette Sears) #48 on US Billboard Charts, on the group's next album, \"Modern Times\" (1981). \" Modern Times,\" which also went Gold, included the hit song \"Find Your Way Back\" (Chaquico), #29 on US Billboard Charts, as well as the humorous \"Stairway to Cleveland\", in which the band defended the numerous changes it had undergone in its musical style, personnel, and even name. \u2018\u2019 Modern Times\u2019\u2019 also featured the promo single, \u201cSave Your Love\u201d, (P. and J. Sears, #104 Billboard Charts). Slick remained in the band for Jefferson Starship's next two albums, \"Winds of Change\" (1982) and \"Nuclear Furniture\" (1984). \u201cWinds of Change\u201d 1982, featured \u201cBe My Lady,\u201d (P. Sears and J. Sears) which reached #26 in the US, and \u201cWinds of Change\u201d (P. and J. Sears, #38 Billboard Charts). The album featured Aynsley Dunbar on drums; however, by August 1982, he'd been replaced by Donny Baldwin who had performed with Thomas in the Elvin Bishop Group. Paul Kantner's 1983 solo album, \"Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra\", included the track \"Circle of Fire\", which was recorded by Jefferson Starship in the summer of 1982. Other members of the band also appeared on additional tracks on this effort. \u201cNuclear Furniture\u201d, produced by Ron Nevison, reached #28 and featured the singles, \u201cLayin\u2019 It On the Line\u201d (Chaquico and Thomas) and \u201cSorry Me, Sorry You\u201d (P. and J. Sears).", "John Schneider Studios (JSS) has created an innovative infrastructure, designed to give independent filmmakers all the tools they need to create their stories and films in one location. During Schneider's \"Dukes of Hazzard\" days, he also entered into music. It was in the early 80's that Schneider would sign with Scotti Brothers Label and release his debut full-length, \"Now or Never\", which peaked at #8 on the US Country Billboard charts. Also from the album came \"It's Now or Never,\" a remake of the Elvis Presley hit, which peaked at #4 on the US Country Billboard charts in 1981 and remains the top charting Elvis cover of all time in any genre to date. Continuing to release albums year after year, Schneider released \"Quiet Man\" and \" If You Believe\" and in 1984, signed with MCA Nashville. Through MCA Nashville, Schneider released \"Too Good to Stop Now\" which included his first #1 hits, \"I've Been Around Enough to Know\" and \"Country Girls,\" also peaking at #1 on the CAN Country music charts, cementing his way into the country music world. The following year, Schneider unleashed \"Tryin' To Outrun the Wind\", followed by \"A Memory Like You\" which debuted at #1 on the US Country Billboard charts, a first for Schneider. Off the album \"A Memory Like You\" came \" What's a Memory Like You (Doing In A Love Like This)\" and \"You're The Last Thing I Needed Tonight,\" singles which both peaked at #1 on the US Country Billboard charts and CAN Country. In the late 80's, Schneider continued releasing albums including his Greatest Hits record.", "In 1997 he then served as engineer and programmer on LL Cool J's album \"Phenomenon\", which became platinum certified and sent its namesake single to number 7 on the Billboard Charts. In 2000 Carrigan was synthesizer programmer and engineer for No Doubt's fourth studio album \"Return of Saturn\", which was nominated in 2001 for the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album. He was also involved in No Doubt's albums \"Boom Box\", \"Singles 1992\u20132003\" (re-released in 2010 as \"Icon\"), and \"Everything in Time\" as engineer. \" Boom Box\" reach number 2 on the Billboard charts. In 2002 he served as engineer for the Aerosmith album \"Just Push Play\", an album that also reached number 2 and had 27 weeks on the Hot 200. Later that year he served as mixing engineer on Alanis Morissette's album \" Under Rug Swept\", which would be the first album Carrigan was involved with that hit number 1 on the Billboard charts. In 2003 Carrigan served as an engineer on Will Ackerman's album \"Hearing Voices\", which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Age Album. The following year, Carrigan produced Zade's 2004 album \"Roads to You\", which reached number nine on the Billboard New Age chart, and engineered his album \"Zade\", which reached number eight on the same chart. In 2011 Carrigan was a co-producer, co-writer, and engineer on the ZMR Music Awards Album of the Year \"Surrender\" by Jeff Oster. This was the third album Carrigan worked on with the artist totaling 2 ZMR awards and 4 NAR awards. That year he was also an engineer on Childish Gambino's album \"Camp\", which debuted at number 11 on the Billboard charts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first album of band Bleeding Through?", "answer": {"text": "Dust to Ashes", "answer_start": 1091, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776f27be3ed94aba961c2493b0ff6644_1_q#2", "question": "What was Portrait of the Goddess?", "rewrite": "What was Portrait of the Goddess album by Bleeding Through?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Before joining Eighteen Visions, Mick had never played bass in his life. During his time in Eighteen Visions, Mick recorded five albums with them. They toured the world, gaining fame and fans. After recording Obsession, they signed to major label Epic Records. On April 9, 2007, Mick announced that Eighteen Visions was no longer. Elsewhere was a shoegazing, goth rock band from Salt Lake City that started in high school. Mick has described it to be similar to The Cure and Joy Division. They were on the label Eden's Watchtower. Die Die My Darling is a Misfits cover band from Orange County. Mick took a part of Die Die My Darling with fellow Eighteen Visions member Ken Floyd, Bleeding Through's Brandan Schieppati and ex-Burn It Down member, Ryan Downey. Mick played two of three shows with the band, one in 2003 at the Show Case Theatre in Corona, CA and one in 2005 at the House of Blues in Anaheim, CA. Morris filled in on bass for Bleeding Through during 2002 for their record Portrait of the Goddess album. He toured with them in 2002, appearing on the Hellfest '02, Furnace Fest 2002 and Bleeding Through 's Wolves Among Sheep DVDs. Since the breakup of Eighteen Visions, Mick has toured with Hatebreed as their guitar tech on Ozzfest in 2007, on their spring\u2013summer tour of 2008 and their Mexico City show in early 2009. He was working for shockhound (a part of Hot Topic) and he sold clothes as well as occasionally his old equipment on eBay and craigslist. In 2007, Mick started Dethless Clothing. A couple of months after the breakup of Eighteen Visions, Dethless seemed to be finished before it really took off due to personal and financial restraints.", "Hearst later financed Marcus Daly to operate his Anaconda mine in Butte, Montana and acquired an interest in that mine as well. With other mining investors, Hearst set up Hearst, Haggin, Tevis and Co., in which he was a partner. He had interests in the Comstock Lode and the Ophir mine in Nevada, the Ontario silver mine in Utah, the Pacific mine in Pinos Altos, New Mexico, the Homestake gold mine in South Dakota, and the Anaconda Copper Mine in Montana. The Homestake Mine was one of his biggest investments. Although the gold ore was lean, the massive deposit supported an active mine until 2001. Hearst laterinvested in the Cerro de Pasco Mine in Peru. His company grew to be the largest private mining firm in the United States. Hearst acquired the reputation of being the most expert prospector and judge of mining property on the Pacific coast. He contributed to the development of the modern processes of quartz and other kinds of mining. George Hearst acquired the San Francisco \"Examiner\" newspaper as a sign of loyalty to his friends by accepting it as payment for a gambling debt owed to him. He primarily used the \"Examiner\" to promote the interests of the Democratic Party, and to laud the party's initiatives, especially when they were under public attack. His son William Randolph Hearst insisted on taking control of this holding of his father. The younger Hearst made the \"Examiner\" the foundation of what became his Hearst publishing empire. While building his mining career, George Hearst had supported his family in Missouri. In 1860, he returned to the state to care for his ailing mother and take care of some legal disputes. During this time, he became reacquainted with Phoebe Apperson, a neighbor of 18. The 40-year-old Hearst married her two years later, on June 15, 1862.", "Breakthrough bleeding Breakthrough bleeding (BTB) is any of various forms of vaginal bleeding, usually referring to mid-cycle bleeding in users of combined oral contraceptives, as attributed to insufficient estrogens. It may also occur with other hormonal contraceptives. Sometimes, \"breakthrough bleeding\" is classified as \"abnormal\" and thereby as a form of metrorrhagia, and sometimes it is classified as \"not abnormal\". In the context of hemophilia, the term describes a bleeding that occurs while a patient is on prophylaxis. The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as \"spotting,\" though a few people may experience heavier bleeding. Many people find that the breakthrough bleeding ceases after one or two cycles. Breakthrough bleeding is most commonly caused by an excessively thick endometrium (uterine lining). This is not a dangerous condition, though the unpredictable and often lengthy periods of bleeding are unpleasant. Breakthrough bleeding may also be caused by hormonal effects of ovulation. Breakthrough bleeding may also itself be a symptom of pregnancy. Breakthrough bleeding is most common when a woman first begins taking oral contraceptives, or changes from one particular oral contraceptive to another, though it is possible for breakthrough bleeding to happen at any time. Smokers are especially prone to breakthrough bleeding while taking oral contraceptives; though many users experience breakthrough bleeding in the first three cycles of taking the pill, non-smokers tend to see the bleeding dissipate more quickly than smokers. Breakthrough bleeding is likely due to hormonal fluctuations. The body is programmed to make certain estrogen levels each day and the estrogen (and some additional hormones, such as FSH, LH, and Progesterone) are responsible for regulating endometrium shedding.", "Hell Hath No Fury (Rock Goddess album) Hell Hath No Fury was the second studio album by British heavy metal band, Rock Goddess. All songs were again written and composed by Jody Turner. The American version was published with different cover artwork and 2 different songs, taken from the \"I Didn't Know I Loved You (Till I Saw You Rock 'n' Roll) \" single, instead of songs 2 and 7 of the European edition. All songs written by Jody Turner, except where indicated", "In the August 21, 1993 issue of Kerrang magazine, a review of Mind Over Four's The Goddess album read: \"At their best, they're untouchable, unbelievable, perhaps the metal discovery of the '90s... utter perfection\". On the back cover photo of the Pantera album \"Vulgar Display of Power\", Phil Anselmo can be seen wearing one of the band's T-shirts."], "answer": {"text": "as a priority upon completion of the Indecision Records 2002 offering Portrait of the Goddess.", "answer_start": 1628}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first album of band Bleeding Through?", "answer": {"text": "Dust to Ashes", "answer_start": 1091, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a bill board chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776f27be3ed94aba961c2493b0ff6644_1_q#3", "question": "Was it a hit?", "rewrite": "Was Portrait of the Goddess by the band Bleeding Through a hit?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brandan Schieppati Brandan Schieppati (born August 3, 1980) is the singer of metalcore band Bleeding Through and a former guitarist/songwriter of the fellow Orange County metalcore band Eighteen Visions, for which he played from 1997 to 2002. He is also a bodybuilder, personal trainer and \"Rise Above Fitness\" gym owner. He was strictly straight edge from an early age until his late twenties. Brandan has been in Eighteen Visions, Throwdown, Bleeding Through, The Mistake and Die Die My Darling, a Misfits cover band from which nothing has been released. He has recently formed a new band along with Brooks Wackerman of Bad Religion, Ryan Sinn formerly of The Distillers and Dave Nassie of No Use for a Name called The Innocent. Brandan is also the vocalist for a side project called \"Suffer Well\" with Mick Kenney (Anaal Nathrakh) and Trevor Friedrich (Combichrist, ex-18 Visions), on drums. In June 2002, Brandan's jaw was broken in a fight after a show. He went through surgery the next day. Though this resulted in Bleeding Through canceling their tour in support of Portrait of the Goddess, he recovered quickly enough to play at Hellfest 2002. He contributed guest vocals on the track \"The Architects of Repulsion\" on Australian deathcore band The Red Shore's debut album Unconsecrated. Also on AFI's \"Decemberunderground\" (2006) and Tiger Army's Music From Regions Beyond as backing vocals. Also performing guest vocals on the track \"Widowmaker\" on Psyclon Nine's album \" We The Fallen\". He also has featured in The band Miss May I's new album Monument, on a bonus iTunes track from pre-orders. Schieppati was also featured in the song", "Derek Youngsma Derek Wayne Youngsma was the last known drummer for the Orange County, California metalcore band Bleeding Through. Formerly of Cast in Stone, Youngsma joined the band prior the band's second release 2002's \"Portrait of the Goddess\". He replaced Troy Born after he left in 2002. He is Christian, straight edge and married to his wife, Jessica. They have two children together, a daughter Zoe (born 2008) and a son Ezra (born 2010). Bleeding Through Studio albums DVDs Cast In Stone EPs Splits Guest appearances", "Bleeding Through (album) Bleeding Through is the self-titled sixth studio album by American metalcore band Bleeding Through. The album was released through Rise Records on April 13, 2010. The album is the first to be released by the band through Rise Records due to their shift to Rise after being very open and public about their dislike for Trustkill in 2008, Bleeding Through announced their split with the label shortly after releasing \"Declaration\". In late 2009, the band announced their signing to Rise Records. Craig Ericson, President of Rise expressed his excitement to work with Bleeding Through stating, \"We've been huge fans ever since they released an album on Indecision Records. Having Bleeding Through in the family is a dream come true. We both share extreme passion for music and can't wait to show the world what we can achieve together as a team. \" The band was mutually excited to work with Rise, due to the label's enthusiasm to help the band grow and reach their potential. Vocalist Brandan Schieppati stated, \"After 10 years, we have been content with the fan base, the familiarity of touring and the comfort of knowing what to expect at every show. Rise wants to build on that.\" \"Bleeding Through\" is also the first studio album to feature Dave Nassie, who has previously played in punk rock groups No Use for a Name, 22 Jacks, Suicidal Tendencies and the funk metal band Infectious Grooves. Nassie replaced former guitarist Jona Weinhofen, who left Bleeding Through after two years due to Trustkill not paying royalties and returned home to Australia. \"Bleeding Through\" debuted at number 143 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with 3,700 copies sold in the first week. This is significantly lower than Bleeding Through's previous album, 2008's \"Declaration\", which peaked at number 101 and sold 6,000 copies in the first week.", "Jona Weinhofen Jona Weinhofen (born 1 January 1983) is an Australian metalcore guitarist and musician from Adelaide, South Australia. He is the lead guitarist for Australian band I Killed the Prom Queen. He was also the rhythm guitarist for British band Bring Me the Horizon from 2009 to 2013 and the guitarist for Californian band Bleeding Through from 2007 to 2009. Jona Weinhofen formed metalcore band I Killed the Prom Queen in Adelaide in 2000 with drummer JJ Peters. The band released two LPs, one EP, a split EP, a demo and a live CD/DVD before splitting in 2007, with Weinhofen acting as manager from 2004 to 2007. After the departure of vocalist Ed Butcher from I Killed the Prom Queen, Weinhofen was invited to join American band Bleeding Through after the departure of Scott Danough. He played on their release \"Declaration\" and can be seen in their videos for \"Death Anxiety\" and \"Germany\". His new spot in Bleeding Through was one of several factors that caused the split of I Killed the Prom Queen in 2007. They briefly reunited in 2008 for their \"Say Goodbye\" farewell tour. Weinhofen left Bleeding Through midway through 2009 partly due to homesickness and discontent with living in America. Weinhofen replaced Curtis Ward in British band Bring Me the Horizon as a permanent member in March 2009. He was featured in the music video for \"The Sadness Will Never End\", which was released following the departure of Ward, and recorded with the group on their album \" There Is a Hell Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven Let's Keep It a Secret.\". Weinhofen rejoined I Killed the Prom Queen when the band reunited in 2011 to play on the Destroy The Music Tour. The band also started working on a new studio album.", "Portrait of the Goddess Portrait of the Goddess is the second studio album by American metalcore band Bleeding Through. The album was released on April 30, 2002 through Indecision Records. Tracks \"Just Another Pretty Face\", \"Turns Cold to the Touch\", \"III Part 2\" and \"I Dream of July\" first appeared on their debut album Dust to Ashes and the band decided to re-record the tracks for this album."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first album of band Bleeding Through?", "answer": {"text": "Dust to Ashes", "answer_start": 1091, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a bill board chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Portrait of the Goddess?", "answer": {"text": "as a priority upon completion of the Indecision Records 2002 offering Portrait of the Goddess.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_776f27be3ed94aba961c2493b0ff6644_1_q#4", "question": "Did they go on tour during this time?", "rewrite": "Did Bleeding Through go on tour during the time of Portrait of the Goddess?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scott Danough Scott Danough is a co-founder and guitarist for Bleeding Through. Scott played with Bleeding Through from its foundation in 1999 and appeared on the albums \"Dust to Ashes, Portrait of the Goddess , This Is Love, This Is Murderous,\" and \"The Truth\". In 2013, Scott rejoined Bleeding Through for their farewell tour and left Falling to Pieces. In April 2007 Scott and Bleeding Through parted ways. Danough is currently a member of Mean Season, who are credited as being one of the first hardcore bands to play metal style music. He is also playing guitar for Falling to Pieces, a brutal and heavy female fronted metal band, encompassing black/death/thrash/grind/hardcore elements, located in Livermore, California. As of 2015, Scott has formed the band Liars Cult with Nick Souza of Hatriot and former members of Lose None, Mean Season, and Locked Up AD. with Bleeding Through  with Falling to Pieces  with Liars Cult", "Obstetrical bleeding Obstetrical bleeding is bleeding in pregnancy that occurs before, during, or after childbirth. Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding. Causes of bleeding before and during childbirth include cervicitis, placenta previa, placental abruption and uterine rupture. Causes of bleeding after childbirth include poor contraction of the uterus, retained products of conception, and bleeding disorders. About 8.7 million cases of severe maternal bleeding occurred in 2015 resulting in 83,000 death. Between 2003 and 2009, bleeding accounted for 27% of maternal deaths globally. Antepartum bleeding (APH), also prepartum hemorrhage, is bleeding during pregnancy from the 24th week (sometimes defined as from the 20th week) gestational age up to the birth of the baby. The primary consideration is the presence of a placenta previa which is a low lying placenta at or very near to the internal cervical os. This condition occurs in roughly 4 out of 1000 pregnancies and usually needs to be resolved by delivering the baby via cesarean section. Also a placental abruption (in which there is premature separation of the placenta) can lead to obstetrical hemorrhage, sometimes concealed. This pathology is of important consideration after maternal trauma such as a motor vehicle accident or fall. Other considerations to include when assessing antepartum bleeding are: sterile vaginal exams that are performed in order to assess dilation of the patient when the 40th week is approaching. As well as cervical insufficiency defined as a midtrimester (14th-26th week) dilation of the cervix which may need medical intervention to assist in keeping the pregnancy sustainable.", "Breakthrough bleeding Breakthrough bleeding (BTB) is any of various forms of vaginal bleeding, usually referring to mid-cycle bleeding in users of combined oral contraceptives, as attributed to insufficient estrogens. It may also occur with other hormonal contraceptives. Sometimes, \"breakthrough bleeding\" is classified as \"abnormal\" and thereby as a form of metrorrhagia, and sometimes it is classified as \"not abnormal\". In the context of hemophilia, the term describes a bleeding that occurs while a patient is on prophylaxis. The bleeding is usually light, often referred to as \"spotting,\" though a few people may experience heavier bleeding. Many people find that the breakthrough bleeding ceases after one or two cycles. Breakthrough bleeding is most commonly caused by an excessively thick endometrium (uterine lining). This is not a dangerous condition, though the unpredictable and often lengthy periods of bleeding are unpleasant. Breakthrough bleeding may also be caused by hormonal effects of ovulation. Breakthrough bleeding may also itself be a symptom of pregnancy. Breakthrough bleeding is most common when a woman first begins taking oral contraceptives, or changes from one particular oral contraceptive to another, though it is possible for breakthrough bleeding to happen at any time. Smokers are especially prone to breakthrough bleeding while taking oral contraceptives; though many users experience breakthrough bleeding in the first three cycles of taking the pill, non-smokers tend to see the bleeding dissipate more quickly than smokers. Breakthrough bleeding is likely due to hormonal fluctuations. The body is programmed to make certain estrogen levels each day and the estrogen (and some additional hormones, such as FSH, LH, and Progesterone) are responsible for regulating endometrium shedding.", "Postcoital bleeding Postcoital bleeding is bleeding from the vagina in women after sexual intercourse and may or may not be associated with pain. The bleeding can be from the uterus, cervix, vagina and other tissue or organs located near the vagina. Postcoital bleeding can be one of the first indications of cervical cancer. There are other reasons why a woman may bleed after intercourse. Some women will bleed after intercourse for the first time but others will not. The hymen may bleed if it is stretched since it is thin tissue. Other activities may have an effect on the vagina such as sports and tampon use. Postcoital bleeding may stop without treatment. In some instances, postcoital bleeding may resemble menstrual irregularities. Postcoital bleeding may occur throughout pregnancy. The presence of cervical polyps may result in postcoital bleeding during pregnancy because the tissue of the polyps is more easily damaged. Postcoital bleeding can be due to trauma after consensual and non-consensual sexual intercourse. A diagnosis to determine the cause will include obtaining a medical history and assessing the symptoms. Treatment is not always necessary. Vaginal bleeding after sex is a symptom that can indicate: Bleeding from hemorrhoids and vulvar lesions can be mistaken for postcoital bleeding. Post coital bleeding can occur with discharge, itching, or irritation. This may be due to \"Trichomonas\" or \"Candida\". A lack of estrogen can make vaginal tissue thinner and more susceptible to bleeding. Some have proposed that birth control pills may cause postcoital bleeding. Risk factors for developing postcoital bleeding are: low estrogen levels, rape and 'rough sex'. Tests and detailed examination are used to determine the cause of the bleeding:  A referral may be made to a specialist.", "Vaginal bleeding Vaginal bleeding is any bleeding through the vagina, including bleeding from the vaginal wall itself, as well as (and more commonly) bleeding from another location of the female reproductive system, often the uterus. Generally, it is either part of a normal menstrual cycle or is caused by hormonal or other problems of the reproductive system, such as abnormal uterine bleeding. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy may indicate a possible pregnancy complication that needs to be medically addressed. Blood loss \"per vaginam\" (Latin: through the vagina) (PV) typically arises from the lining of the uterus (endometrium), but may arise from uterine or cervical lesions, the vagina, and rarely from the fallopian tube. During pregnancy it is usually but not always related to the pregnancy itself. Regular monthly vaginal bleeding during the reproductive years, menstruation, is a normal physiologic process. During the reproductive years, bleeding that is excessively heavy (menorrhagia or heavy menstrual bleeding), occurs between monthly menstrual periods (intermenstrual bleeding), occurs more frequently than every 21 days (abnormal uterine bleeding), occurs too infrequently (oligomenorrhea), or occurs after vaginal intercourse (postcoital bleeding) should be evaluated. The causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding vary by age, and such bleeding can be a sign of specific medical conditions ranging from hormone imbalances or anovulation to malignancy (cervical cancer, vaginal cancer or uterine cancer)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first album of band Bleeding Through?", "answer": {"text": "Dust to Ashes", "answer_start": 1091, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a bill board chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Portrait of the Goddess?", "answer": {"text": "as a priority upon completion of the Indecision Records 2002 offering Portrait of the Goddess.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#0", "question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "rewrite": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In March 2010, Pooley left The Smashing Pumpkins to focus on her family, stating: Ginger made a guest appearance during the Smashing Pumpkins' Record Store Day performance on April 17, 2010 in Hollywood, CA. She briefly returned to her duties and played bass during the rendition of \"Bullet with Butterfly Wings\". She also played bass for Glee Live in 2010 and 2011 and is working on a solo EP. During The Smashing Pumpkins' concert on February 16, 2008, at the O2 Arena in London, Billy Corgan announced that Reyes had recently become engaged. She married Kristopher Pooley June 22, 2008, in Los Angeles. Kris is a professional musician who toured as Gwen Stefani's keyboardist and joined the Smashing Pumpkins on their 2008 20th Anniversary tour. On April 6, 2009, it was announced on The Smashing Pumpkins' official website that Ginger and her husband Kris were expecting their first child later that year. It was announced via Twitter that on October 17, 2009, she gave birth to a baby girl, Talula Victoria Pooley.", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album."], "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#1", "question": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "rewrite": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["List of the Smashing Pumpkins band members The Smashing Pumpkins are an alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988. The band was formed by guitarist/vocalist Billy Corgan and guitarist James Iha after the demise of Corgan's first band, the Marked. Since its inception, the Smashing Pumpkins has gone through multiple line-up changes, with Corgan the only consistent member. After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. The pair soon began writing songs together with the aid of a drum machine. Corgan met bassist D'arcy Wretzky in mid 1988 after a show by the Dan Reed Network where they argued the merits of the band. After finding out Wretzky played bass, Corgan stated his band's need for a bassist and gave Wretzky his telephone number. Wretzky soon joined the band, and she and Iha later had a short-lived romance. The first performance of the Smashing Pumpkins was on July 9, 1988, at the Polish bar Chicago 21. This performance included only Corgan and Iha with a drum machine. On August 10, 1988, the band played for the first time as a trio at the Avalon Nightclub. After this show, Cabaret Metro owner Joe Shanahan agreed to book the band on the condition that they replace the drum machine with a live drummer. Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recruited for the band after a recommendation from a friend of Corgan's. On October 5, 1988, the complete band took the stage for the first time at the Cabaret Metro.", "William Patrick Corgan Jr. was born at Columbus Hospital in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood on March 17, 1967 as the oldest son of William Corgan Sr., a blues/rock guitarist, and Martha Louise Maes Corgan Lutz. He was raised Catholic. His parents had one more son, Ricky, before divorcing in 1970. His father was soon remarried to a flight attendant, and Corgan and his brother went to live with them in Glendale Heights, Illinois. During this time, Corgan alleges he was subject to much physical and emotional abuse by his stepmother. Corgan also developed a protective bond with his younger paternal half-brother, who had special needs as a child. When Corgan's father and stepmother separated, all three boys would live alone with the stepmother, with both of Corgan's birth parents living separately within an hour's drive. Corgan, who grew much faster than his fellow students, was a strong athlete in elementary school. In addition to being a member of his Marquardt Middle School baseball team, he collected baseball cards (amassing over 10,000) and listened to every Chicago Cubs game. However, by the time he began attending Glenbard North High School in Carol Stream, Illinois, he had become only an average athlete. He decided to start playing guitar when he went over to a friend's house and saw his friend's Flying V. Corgan gave his savings to his father, who bought him a used Les Paul knock-off. Corgan, Sr. steered his son stylistically, encouraging him to listen to Jeff Beck and Jimi Hendrix, but offered little other support, and the younger Corgan taught himself to play the instrument.", "Drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was undergoing an increasingly severe addiction to heroin; James Iha and D'arcy Wretzky had recently broken up their romantic relationship; and Billy Corgan had become overweight, depressed to the point of contemplating suicide, and plagued by writer's block. Corgan recalled that \"after the first album, I became completely suicidal. It was an eight-month depression, give or take a month, and I was pretty suicidal for about two or three months. \" Under the pressure and other complications, the Pumpkins entered the Triclops Sound Studios in Atlanta to record the follow-up to \"Gish\". \"Today\" was the first song Corgan wrote for \"Siamese Dream\". Corgan said, \"The day after I wrote 'Today', my manager heard it and said, 'It's a hit', and I guess in a way, it was.\" Corgan played the self-recorded demo to producer Butch Vig and to the rest of his band, all of whom responded positively. \" Today\" already had a chord progression and a melody, but Corgan felt there needed to be an opening riff to the song. One day, \"out of the blue, I heard the opening lick note for note in my head\", Corgan said. \"When I added the opening riff, it completely changed the character of the song. Suddenly, I had a song that was starting out quiet and then got very loud. \" Soon afterwards, Virgin Records executives were sent to check up on the band after hearing about their problems, but were pleased with the demo. The reaction from the executives only served to put more stress on Corgan; as a result, he recorded most of the guitar and bass guitar parts himself, including on the finished version of \"Today\".", "TheFutureEmbrace TheFutureEmbrace is the debut solo album by American musician Billy Corgan, frontman of the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. Released in June 2005, the album's sound was markedly different from most of Corgan's earlier work, eschewing his characteristic \"drums, bass, (and) big-guitars sound\" in favor of an electronic sound punctuated with heavily distorted guitar parts reminiscent of shoegazing. After the dissolution of Zwan in late 2003, Corgan set to work on a solo album of songs based on the history of his hometown, Chicago. This project was shelved and Corgan began work on \"TheFutureEmbrace\" in late 2004 in his Chicago studio, Pumpkinland. Rather than repeat the sonic territory of his earlier bands, Corgan decided on an electronic sound with shoegaze influences. Regarding the atypical sound of the album, Corgan remarked,  The sound of the album is almost entirely synthesized, with the exception of Corgan's voice and guitar playing. Corgan has an extensive collection of vintage analog synthesizers and drum machines that were employed on the album. The synths were largely programmed by Bon Harris of Nitzer Ebb. Arrangements on the album followed an unusual process: for each song, Corgan would write the basic structure, and the song's melody was then split into four sections based on the bass, tenor, alto, and soprano voicings of the chord structure. The production team \u2013 Corgan, Harris, producer Bjorn Thorsrud, and programmers Matt Walker and Brian Liesegang \u2013 would then program different synth melodies in each voicing, and combine them into a multitrack recording. Drums were added, mostly from pre-1985 drum machines.", "Resistance Pro Wrestling Resistance Pro Wrestling is an American privately controlled organization dealing primarily in professional wrestling, founded by musician Billy Corgan, alongside brothers Jacques and Gabe Baron. The promotion holds monthly events around Chicago, attracting \"between 300 and 600 people per event. \" The company's headquarters are located in Lockport, Illinois. Corgan left the promotion in November 2014. The company's website was down as of August 3, 2018, and their YouTube channel has been inactive since November 2017. As of October 2018, it is being reported that Billy Corgan has re-purchased and is reviving the brand National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) including full back-catalogue and a 20-year success plan. Their first show, Black Friday, debuted November 25, 2011 at the Excalibur nightclub in Chicago. 22 wrestlers competed in the original event. Chicagoans Jay Bradley, Taylor Made, Miss December and Colt Cabana were involved in Black Friday. Other wrestlers included The Sheik, El Generico, Harry Smith, Kevin Steen, Raven (Agent), Teddy Hart and Cheerleader Melissa. Corgan has also launched a concussion-awareness program tied to Resistance Pro. The wrestling promotion company has partnered with the Chicago Concussion Coalition and doctors from Midwest Orthopedics at Rush hospital. Doctors conduct screens with the wrestlers before and after each event. Corgan and his partners also forbid certain wrestling moves that involve contact to the head to minimize the risk of concussions. Corgan's group is the first professional wrestling promotion to follow guidelines set by the Sports Legacy Institute (SLI). Corgan is personal friends with SLI founder Christopher Nowinski. During Black Friday, Resistance Pro crowned its first Resistance Pro Women's Champion, Melanie Cruise. Although the Smashing Pumpkins were on tour in Europe for the first Resistance Pro show, Corgan watched it live, via Skype."], "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together (", "answer_start": 267}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#2", "question": "What was the first album released?", "rewrite": "What was the first album Smashing Pumpkins released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Zeitgeist (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Zeitgeist is the seventh studio album by American rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on July 10, 2007 by Martha's Music and Reprise Records. It was the band's first album following their reunion in 2005, and was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin, and Terry Date. The album debuted strongly, but sales soon decreased, and critical reception was mixed. It was certified Gold in the United States on February 1, 2008. This is their final album to feature the drummer Jimmy Chamberlin, until his comeback in 2018's \"\". After The Smashing Pumpkins disbanded in 2000, Corgan and Chamberlin reunited for the short-lived supergroup Zwan, also featuring members of Slint, Chavez, and A Perfect Circle. The group released one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", before dissolving in 2003. Chamberlin then formed Jimmy Chamberlin Complex, while Corgan would focus on a solo album. On June 21, 2005, the day of the release of his album \"TheFutureEmbrace\", Corgan took out full-page advertisements in the \"Chicago Tribune\" and \"Chicago Sun-Times\" to announce that he had \"made plans to renew and revive the Smashing Pumpkins.\" Chamberlin soon announced that he would be rejoining the band, and the two began living together in north Scottsdale, Arizona in November 2005, writing and rehearsing new songs. Within three weeks of practicing, the pair decided they had recaptured the sound of the band and prepared to record a new album. On April 20, 2006, the band's website confirmed that the band had reunited and started work on a new album. The website later announced that the new album would be produced by Roy Thomas Baker.", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album."], "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together (", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#3", "question": "Did they release a full-length album with VIrgin after signing?", "rewrite": "Did Smashing Pumpkins release a full-length album with VIrgin after signing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010) <br> <br> \u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)"], "answer": {"text": "Corgan entered a deep depression, writing some songs for the upcoming album in the parking garage where he lived at the time.", "answer_start": 1114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together (", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first album released?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#4", "question": "What was the name of that album?", "rewrite": "What was the name of the album Smashing Pumpkins did with Virgin?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together (", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first album released?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they release a full-length album with VIrgin after signing?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan entered a deep depression, writing some songs for the upcoming album in the parking garage where he lived at the time.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#5", "question": "Were they well received by critics?", "rewrite": "Were the albums by Smashing pumpkins well received by critics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Kerry Brown (musician)  Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album."], "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together (", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first album released?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they release a full-length album with VIrgin after signing?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan entered a deep depression, writing some songs for the upcoming album in the parking garage where he lived at the time.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the name of that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#6", "question": "Did they go on tour?", "rewrite": "Did Smashing Pumpkins go on tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In March 2010, Pooley left The Smashing Pumpkins to focus on her family, stating: Ginger made a guest appearance during the Smashing Pumpkins' Record Store Day performance on April 17, 2010 in Hollywood, CA. She briefly returned to her duties and played bass during the rendition of \"Bullet with Butterfly Wings\". She also played bass for Glee Live in 2010 and 2011 and is working on a solo EP. During The Smashing Pumpkins' concert on February 16, 2008, at the O2 Arena in London, Billy Corgan announced that Reyes had recently become engaged. She married Kristopher Pooley June 22, 2008, in Los Angeles. Kris is a professional musician who toured as Gwen Stefani's keyboardist and joined the Smashing Pumpkins on their 2008 20th Anniversary tour. On April 6, 2009, it was announced on The Smashing Pumpkins' official website that Ginger and her husband Kris were expecting their first child later that year. It was announced via Twitter that on October 17, 2009, she gave birth to a baby girl, Talula Victoria Pooley.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover"], "answer": {"text": "The band supported the album with a tour that included opening for bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, and Guns N' Roses.", "answer_start": 849}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together (", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first album released?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they release a full-length album with VIrgin after signing?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan entered a deep depression, writing some songs for the upcoming album in the parking garage where he lived at the time.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the name of that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they well received by critics?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6b56b0135f34b2a82530ebab0efd600_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Virgin, were there any other bands Smashing pumpkins collaborated with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "List of awards and nominations received by the Smashing Pumpkins This is a list of awards and nominations received by The Smashing Pumpkins. The American Music Award is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to present the Grammy Awards expired. The Antville Music Video Awards are online awards for the best music video and music video directors of the year. They were first awarded in 2005. The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Design and Art Direction (\"D&AD\") is a British educational charity which exists to promote excellence in design and advertising. Delivered since 1991. The GAFFA Awards (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music, awarded by the GAFFA magazine. The Grammy Award is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The Smashing Pumpkins have received eleven nominations and winning two times in the Best Hard Rock Performance category. The Juno Award are presented annually to Canadians musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. Lunas del Auditorio are sponsored by The National Auditorium in Mexico to honor the best live shows in the country. The MTV Europe Music Awards are an event presented by Viacom International Media Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. The Smashing Pumpkins have received fifteen nominations and eight wins. The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos. The NME Awards were created by the \"NME\" magazine and was first held in 1953. The Smashing Pumpkins has received two nominations.", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)"], "answer": {"text": "During the tour, Iha and Wretzky went through a messy breakup, Chamberlin became addicted to narcotics and alcohol,", "answer_start": 994}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Smashing Pumpkins formed?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first member to join Corgan?", "answer": {"text": "While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. Adorning themselves with paisley and other psychedelic trappings, the two began writing songs together (", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first album released?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they release a full-length album with VIrgin after signing?", "answer": {"text": "Corgan entered a deep depression, writing some songs for the upcoming album in the parking garage where he lived at the time.", "answer_start": 1114, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the name of that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they well received by critics?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "The band supported the album with a tour that included opening for bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, and Guns N' Roses.", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#0", "question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "rewrite": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steve Woolgar Stephen William Woolgar (born 14 February 1950) is a British sociologist. He has worked closely with Bruno Latour, with whom he wrote \"Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts\" (1979). Stephen Woolgar holds a BA (First Class Honours) in engineering and a PhD in sociology, both at the University of Cambridge. Woolgar wrote \"Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts\" (1979), a social constructionist account of the practice of science, together with Bruno Latour. Woolgar has subsequently adopted an even more relativist stance, for example in his 1988 book \"\". Woolgar can be counted among just a handful of academic thinkers who espouse a radically relativist and constructionist position, along with Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lyotard and Jean Baudrillard. He has been Professor of Sociology and Head of the Department of Human Sciences and director of CRICT (Centre for Research into Innovation, Culture and Technology) at Brunel University. He holds the Chair of Sociology and Marketing and is a professor of marketing at the University of Oxford and a fellow at Green Templeton College. He is also director of Science and Technology Studies within Oxford's Institute for Science, Innovation and Society. He is an important contributor in the fields of science studies, sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) and the science and technology studies (STS) (especially on the topic of sociology of machines). Stephen Woolgar is a recipient of the John Desmond Bernal Prize in 2008 awarded annually by the Society for Social Studies of Science to an individual judged to have made a distinguished contribution to the field.", "Laboratory Life Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts is a 1979 book by sociologists of science Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar. This influential book in the field of science studies presents an anthropological study of Roger Guillemin's scientific laboratory at the Salk Institute. It advances a number of observations regarding how scientific work is conducted, including descriptions of the complex relationship between the routine lab practices performed by scientists, the publication of papers, scientific prestige, research finances and other elements of laboratory life. The book is considered to be one of the most influential works in the laboratory studies tradition within Science and Technology Studies. It is inspired but not entirely dependent on the ethnomethodological approach. In turn, it served as the inspiration for Actor\u2013network theory (or ANT); many of ANT's core concepts (like transcription, inscription, translation, and the deployment of networks) are present in \"Laboratory Life\". Latour and Woolgar state that their work \"concerns the way in which the daily activities of working scientists lead to the construction of scientific facts\" (40). \" Laboratory Life\" therefore stands in opposition to the study of scandalous moments in which the so-called \"normal\" operation of science was disrupted by external forces. In contrast, Latour and Woolgar give an account of a how scientific facts are produced in a laboratory \"in situ\", or as it happens. The initial methodology of \"Laboratory Life\" involves an \"anthropological strangeness\" (40) in which the laboratory is a tribe foreign to the researcher. The study of the lab begins with a semi-fictionalized account of an ignorant observer who knows nothing of laboratories or scientists.", "After his early career efforts, Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists. Latour rose in importance following the 1979 publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts with co-author Steve Woolgar. In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute. This early work argued that naive descriptions of the scientific method, in which theories stand or fall on the outcome of a single experiment, are inconsistent with actual laboratory practice. In the laboratory, Latour and Woolgar observed that a typical experiment produces only inconclusive data that is attributed to failure of the apparatus or experimental method, and that a large part of scientific training involves learning how to make the subjective decision of what data to keep and what data to throw out. Latour and Woolgar argued that, for untrained observers, the entire process resembles not an unbiased search for truth and accuracy but a mechanism for ignoring data that contradicts scientific orthodoxy. Latour and Woolgar produced a highly heterodox and controversial picture of the sciences. Drawing on the work of Gaston Bachelard, they advance the notion that the objects of scientific study are socially constructed within the laboratory--that they cannot be attributed with an existence outside of the instruments that measure them and the minds that interpret them. They view scientific activity as a system of beliefs, oral traditions and culturally specific practices-- in short, science is reconstructed not as a procedure or as a set of principles but as a culture.", "Roger Guillemin Roger Charles Louis Guillemin (born January 11, 1924) is an American neuroscientist. He received the National Medal of Science in 1976, and the Nobel prize for medicine in 1977 for his work on neurohormones, sharing the prize that year with Andrew Schally and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow. Completing his undergraduate work at the University of Burgundy, Guillemin received his M.D. degree from the Medical Faculty at Lyon in 1949, and went to Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to work with Hans Selye at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al where he received a Ph.D. in 1953. The same year he moved to the United States to join the faculty at Baylor College of Medicine at Houston. In 1965, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1970 he helped to set up the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California where he worked until retirement in 1989. Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally discovered the structures of TRH and GnRH in separate laboratories. The process of this scientific discovery at Guillemin's laboratory is the subject of a study by Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar, published as \"Laboratory Life\". Guillemin signed along with other Nobel Prize winners a petition requesting a delegation of the Committee on the Rights of the Children of the United Nations to visit a Tibetan child who is under house arrest in China since 1995, namely Gendhun Choekyi Nyima, recognized as the 11th Panchen Lama by the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.", "After his early career efforts, Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists. Latour rose in importance following the 1979 publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts with co-author Steve Woolgar. In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute. This early work argued that naive descriptions of the scientific method, in which theories stand or fall on the outcome of a single experiment, are inconsistent with actual laboratory practice. In the laboratory, Latour and Woolgar observed that a typical experiment produces only inconclusive data that is attributed to failure of the apparatus or experimental method, and that a large part of scientific training involves learning how to make the subjective decision of what data to keep and what data to throw out. Latour and Woolgar argued that, for untrained observers, the entire process resembles not an unbiased search for truth and accuracy but a mechanism for ignoring data that contradicts scientific orthodoxy. Latour and Woolgar produced a highly heterodox and controversial picture of the sciences. Drawing on the work of Gaston Bachelard, they advance the notion that the objects of scientific study are socially constructed within the laboratory--that they cannot be attributed with an existence outside of the instruments that measure them and the minds that interpret them. They view scientific activity as a system of beliefs, oral traditions and culturally specific practices-- in short, science is reconstructed not as a procedure or as a set of principles but as a culture."], "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#1", "question": "what book did he write", "rewrite": "what book did Bruno Latour write?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Oligopticon Bruno Latour proposes the idea of an Oligopticon as a site for the manufacture of social structures (such as scientific knowledge, or our system of law). He contrasts the oligopticon with Michel Foucault's account of the surveillance mechanism that is the Panopticon. Whereas the ideal of the panopticon is a kind of total surveillance that feeds both (guards') megalomania and (prisoners') paranoia , oligoptica are sites that, \"do exactly the opposite of panoptica: they see much too little to feed the megalomania of the inspector or the paranoia of the inspected, but what they see, they see it well.\" The account of the oligopticon is introduced in order to further Latour's account of the proceedings of scientific activity. Oligoptica are sites for the production of consensus and knowledge, and also for the manufacture of structural effects like \"culture\" and \"gender\". Latour makes further contrasts between oligoptica and panoramas, \"panoramas, as etymology suggests, see everything. But they also see nothing since they simply show an image painted (or projected) on the tiny wall of a room fully closed to the outside. \" What Latour means by this is that the panorama conveys a master narrative or 'big picture', with the illusion of coherence, whereas structures that can be traced to oligoptica have many different connections - these are individually fragile but powerful as a whole. Latour describes parliaments, courtrooms and offices as examples of oligoptica, or special places where the micro-structures of macro-phenomena are crafted. At such locations, the \"panorama of associations\" is created, and local activities become a \u201cbigger\u201d issue.", "Politics of Nature  Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ) is a book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. The book is an English translation by Catherine Porter of the French book, \"Politiques de la nature\". It is published by Harvard University Press. In the book, Latour argues for a new and better take on political ecology (not the discipline but the ecological political movements, e.g. greens) that embraces his feeling that, \"political ecology has nothing to do with nature\". In fact, Latour argues that the idea of nature is unfair because it unfairly allows those engaged in political discourse to \"short-circuit\" discussions. Latour uses Plato's metaphor of \"the cave\" to describe the current role of nature and science in separating facts from values which is the role of politics and non-scientists. Building on the arguments levelled in his previous works, Latour argues that this distinction between facts and values is rarely useful and in many situations dangerous. He claims that it leads to a system that ignores nature's socially constructed status and creates a political order without \"due process of individual will\". Instead, he calls for a \"new Constitution\" where different individuals can assemble democratically without the definitions of facts and values influenced by current attitudes towards nature and scientific knowledge. Latour describes an alternate set of rules by which this assembly, or collective as he calls it, might come together and be constituted. He also describes the way that entities will be allowed in or out in the future. In describing this collective, Latour draws attention to the role of the spokesperson, who must be doubted but who must speak for otherwise mute things in order to ensure that the collective involves both \"humans and non-humans\".", "Strauss worries that if Weber is right, we are left with a world in which the knowable truth is a truth that cannot be evaluated according to ethical standards. This conflict between ethics and politics would mean that there can be no grounding for any valuation of the good, and without reference to values, facts lose their meaning. Philosophers including Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Bruno Latour are skeptical of the division between facts and values. They argue that scientific facts are socially produced through relations of power. In 2018, the \"New York Times\" ran a profile on Bruno Latour and post-truth politics. According to the article, \"In a series of controversial books in the 1970s and 1980s, [Latour] argued that scientific facts should instead be seen as a \"product\" of scientific inquiry. Facts, Latour said, were \u201cnetworked\u201d; they stood or fell not on the strength of their inherent veracity but on the strength of the institutions and practices that produced them and made them intelligible.\" In her essay \"Lying in Politics\" (1972), Hannah Arendt describes what she terms \"defactualization,\" or the inability to discern fact from fiction\u2014a concept very close to what we now understand by post-truth. The essay\u2019s central theme is the thoroughgoing political deception that was unveiled with the leaking of the The Pentagon Papers in 1971. Her main target of critique is the professional \u201cproblem-solvers\u201d tasked with solving American foreign policy \"problems\" during the Vietnam War, and who comprised the group that authored the McNamara report. Arendt distinguishes defactualization from deliberate falsehood and from lying. She writes,\u201cThe deliberate falsehood deals with \"contingent\" facts; that is, with matters that carry no inherent truth within themselves, no necessity to be as they are.", "Eduardo Kohn Eduardo Kohn is Associate Professor of Anthropology at McGill University and winner of the 2014 Gregory Bateson Prize. He is best known for the book, \"How Forests Think\". His 2013 book, \"How Forests Think\", has been described by Cambridge Professor of Anthropology Marilyn Strathern as \"thought-leaping in the most creative sense,\" and \"[a] supreme artifact of the human skill in symbolic thinking.\". The work draws upon four years ethnographic fieldwork with the Runa in the Upper Amazon in order to challenge the most basic assumptions of anthropological thought. Using the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, Kohn proposes that all life forms, not only humans, engage in processes of signification and therefore should be considered as able to think and learn. Arguing that selfhood does not solely belong to humans, Kohn proposes that any entity which communicates through the use of signs can be considered a self, leading to a complex 'ecology of selves' of which humans and nonhumans are both a part. Kohn's work builds upon a growing body of literature, from authors such as Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, which seeks to take the social sciences beyond the limits of strictly human relations. In 2014 HAU included an entire section based on a book symposium discussing \"How Forests Think.\" including contributions from Bruno Latour and Philippe Descola.", "Both sides continue to maintain that the other does not understand their theories, or mistakes constructive criticisms and scholarly investigations for attacks. As Bruno Latour recently put it, \"Scientists always stomp around meetings talking about 'bridging the two-culture gap', but when scores of people from outside the sciences begin to build just that bridge, they recoil in horror and want to impose the strangest of all gags on free speech since Socrates: only scientists should speak about science!\" Subsequently, Latour has suggested a re-evaluation of sociology's epistemology based on lessons learnt from the Science Wars: \"... scientists made us realize that there was not the slightest chance that the type of social forces we use as a cause could have objective facts as their effects\". However, more recently some of the leading critical theorists have recognized that their critiques have at times been counter-productive, and are providing intellectual ammunition for reactionary interests. Writing about these developments in the context of global warming, Bruno Latour noted that \"dangerous extremists are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives. Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies? Is it enough to say that we did not really mean what we said?\" Kendrick Frazier notes that Latour is interested in helping to rebuild trust in science and that Latour has said that some of the authority of science needs to be regained."], "answer": {"text": "publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts", "answer_start": 150}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#2", "question": "what year did he write the book", "rewrite": "What year did Bruno Latour write the book?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Oligopticon Bruno Latour proposes the idea of an Oligopticon as a site for the manufacture of social structures (such as scientific knowledge, or our system of law). He contrasts the oligopticon with Michel Foucault's account of the surveillance mechanism that is the Panopticon. Whereas the ideal of the panopticon is a kind of total surveillance that feeds both (guards') megalomania and (prisoners') paranoia , oligoptica are sites that, \"do exactly the opposite of panoptica: they see much too little to feed the megalomania of the inspector or the paranoia of the inspected, but what they see, they see it well.\" The account of the oligopticon is introduced in order to further Latour's account of the proceedings of scientific activity. Oligoptica are sites for the production of consensus and knowledge, and also for the manufacture of structural effects like \"culture\" and \"gender\". Latour makes further contrasts between oligoptica and panoramas, \"panoramas, as etymology suggests, see everything. But they also see nothing since they simply show an image painted (or projected) on the tiny wall of a room fully closed to the outside. \" What Latour means by this is that the panorama conveys a master narrative or 'big picture', with the illusion of coherence, whereas structures that can be traced to oligoptica have many different connections - these are individually fragile but powerful as a whole. Latour describes parliaments, courtrooms and offices as examples of oligoptica, or special places where the micro-structures of macro-phenomena are crafted. At such locations, the \"panorama of associations\" is created, and local activities become a \u201cbigger\u201d issue.", "Strauss worries that if Weber is right, we are left with a world in which the knowable truth is a truth that cannot be evaluated according to ethical standards. This conflict between ethics and politics would mean that there can be no grounding for any valuation of the good, and without reference to values, facts lose their meaning. Philosophers including Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Bruno Latour are skeptical of the division between facts and values. They argue that scientific facts are socially produced through relations of power. In 2018, the \"New York Times\" ran a profile on Bruno Latour and post-truth politics. According to the article, \"In a series of controversial books in the 1970s and 1980s, [Latour] argued that scientific facts should instead be seen as a \"product\" of scientific inquiry. Facts, Latour said, were \u201cnetworked\u201d; they stood or fell not on the strength of their inherent veracity but on the strength of the institutions and practices that produced them and made them intelligible.\" In her essay \"Lying in Politics\" (1972), Hannah Arendt describes what she terms \"defactualization,\" or the inability to discern fact from fiction\u2014a concept very close to what we now understand by post-truth. The essay\u2019s central theme is the thoroughgoing political deception that was unveiled with the leaking of the The Pentagon Papers in 1971. Her main target of critique is the professional \u201cproblem-solvers\u201d tasked with solving American foreign policy \"problems\" during the Vietnam War, and who comprised the group that authored the McNamara report. Arendt distinguishes defactualization from deliberate falsehood and from lying. She writes,\u201cThe deliberate falsehood deals with \"contingent\" facts; that is, with matters that carry no inherent truth within themselves, no necessity to be as they are.", "Both sides continue to maintain that the other does not understand their theories, or mistakes constructive criticisms and scholarly investigations for attacks. As Bruno Latour recently put it, \"Scientists always stomp around meetings talking about 'bridging the two-culture gap', but when scores of people from outside the sciences begin to build just that bridge, they recoil in horror and want to impose the strangest of all gags on free speech since Socrates: only scientists should speak about science!\" Subsequently, Latour has suggested a re-evaluation of sociology's epistemology based on lessons learnt from the Science Wars: \"... scientists made us realize that there was not the slightest chance that the type of social forces we use as a cause could have objective facts as their effects\". However, more recently some of the leading critical theorists have recognized that their critiques have at times been counter-productive, and are providing intellectual ammunition for reactionary interests. Writing about these developments in the context of global warming, Bruno Latour noted that \"dangerous extremists are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives. Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies? Is it enough to say that we did not really mean what we said?\" Kendrick Frazier notes that Latour is interested in helping to rebuild trust in science and that Latour has said that some of the authority of science needs to be regained.", "Politics of Nature  Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ) is a book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. The book is an English translation by Catherine Porter of the French book, \"Politiques de la nature\". It is published by Harvard University Press. In the book, Latour argues for a new and better take on political ecology (not the discipline but the ecological political movements, e.g. greens) that embraces his feeling that, \"political ecology has nothing to do with nature\". In fact, Latour argues that the idea of nature is unfair because it unfairly allows those engaged in political discourse to \"short-circuit\" discussions. Latour uses Plato's metaphor of \"the cave\" to describe the current role of nature and science in separating facts from values which is the role of politics and non-scientists. Building on the arguments levelled in his previous works, Latour argues that this distinction between facts and values is rarely useful and in many situations dangerous. He claims that it leads to a system that ignores nature's socially constructed status and creates a political order without \"due process of individual will\". Instead, he calls for a \"new Constitution\" where different individuals can assemble democratically without the definitions of facts and values influenced by current attitudes towards nature and scientific knowledge. Latour describes an alternate set of rules by which this assembly, or collective as he calls it, might come together and be constituted. He also describes the way that entities will be allowed in or out in the future. In describing this collective, Latour draws attention to the role of the spokesperson, who must be doubted but who must speak for otherwise mute things in order to ensure that the collective involves both \"humans and non-humans\".", "Eduardo Kohn Eduardo Kohn is Associate Professor of Anthropology at McGill University and winner of the 2014 Gregory Bateson Prize. He is best known for the book, \"How Forests Think\". His 2013 book, \"How Forests Think\", has been described by Cambridge Professor of Anthropology Marilyn Strathern as \"thought-leaping in the most creative sense,\" and \"[a] supreme artifact of the human skill in symbolic thinking.\". The work draws upon four years ethnographic fieldwork with the Runa in the Upper Amazon in order to challenge the most basic assumptions of anthropological thought. Using the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, Kohn proposes that all life forms, not only humans, engage in processes of signification and therefore should be considered as able to think and learn. Arguing that selfhood does not solely belong to humans, Kohn proposes that any entity which communicates through the use of signs can be considered a self, leading to a complex 'ecology of selves' of which humans and nonhumans are both a part. Kohn's work builds upon a growing body of literature, from authors such as Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, which seeks to take the social sciences beyond the limits of strictly human relations. In 2014 HAU included an entire section based on a book symposium discussing \"How Forests Think.\" including contributions from Bruno Latour and Philippe Descola."], "answer": {"text": "1979", "answer_start": 145}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what book did he write", "answer": {"text": "publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#3", "question": "did he have help", "rewrite": "Did Bruno Latour have help from whom?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Strauss worries that if Weber is right, we are left with a world in which the knowable truth is a truth that cannot be evaluated according to ethical standards. This conflict between ethics and politics would mean that there can be no grounding for any valuation of the good, and without reference to values, facts lose their meaning. Philosophers including Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Bruno Latour are skeptical of the division between facts and values. They argue that scientific facts are socially produced through relations of power. In 2018, the \"New York Times\" ran a profile on Bruno Latour and post-truth politics. According to the article, \"In a series of controversial books in the 1970s and 1980s, [Latour] argued that scientific facts should instead be seen as a \"product\" of scientific inquiry. Facts, Latour said, were \u201cnetworked\u201d; they stood or fell not on the strength of their inherent veracity but on the strength of the institutions and practices that produced them and made them intelligible.\" In her essay \"Lying in Politics\" (1972), Hannah Arendt describes what she terms \"defactualization,\" or the inability to discern fact from fiction\u2014a concept very close to what we now understand by post-truth. The essay\u2019s central theme is the thoroughgoing political deception that was unveiled with the leaking of the The Pentagon Papers in 1971. Her main target of critique is the professional \u201cproblem-solvers\u201d tasked with solving American foreign policy \"problems\" during the Vietnam War, and who comprised the group that authored the McNamara report. Arendt distinguishes defactualization from deliberate falsehood and from lying. She writes,\u201cThe deliberate falsehood deals with \"contingent\" facts; that is, with matters that carry no inherent truth within themselves, no necessity to be as they are.", "Steve Woolgar Stephen William Woolgar (born 14 February 1950) is a British sociologist. He has worked closely with Bruno Latour, with whom he wrote \"Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts\" (1979). Stephen Woolgar holds a BA (First Class Honours) in engineering and a PhD in sociology, both at the University of Cambridge. Woolgar wrote \"Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts\" (1979), a social constructionist account of the practice of science, together with Bruno Latour. Woolgar has subsequently adopted an even more relativist stance, for example in his 1988 book \"\". Woolgar can be counted among just a handful of academic thinkers who espouse a radically relativist and constructionist position, along with Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lyotard and Jean Baudrillard. He has been Professor of Sociology and Head of the Department of Human Sciences and director of CRICT (Centre for Research into Innovation, Culture and Technology) at Brunel University. He holds the Chair of Sociology and Marketing and is a professor of marketing at the University of Oxford and a fellow at Green Templeton College. He is also director of Science and Technology Studies within Oxford's Institute for Science, Innovation and Society. He is an important contributor in the fields of science studies, sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) and the science and technology studies (STS) (especially on the topic of sociology of machines). Stephen Woolgar is a recipient of the John Desmond Bernal Prize in 2008 awarded annually by the Society for Social Studies of Science to an individual judged to have made a distinguished contribution to the field.", "Oligopticon Bruno Latour proposes the idea of an Oligopticon as a site for the manufacture of social structures (such as scientific knowledge, or our system of law). He contrasts the oligopticon with Michel Foucault's account of the surveillance mechanism that is the Panopticon. Whereas the ideal of the panopticon is a kind of total surveillance that feeds both (guards') megalomania and (prisoners') paranoia , oligoptica are sites that, \"do exactly the opposite of panoptica: they see much too little to feed the megalomania of the inspector or the paranoia of the inspected, but what they see, they see it well.\" The account of the oligopticon is introduced in order to further Latour's account of the proceedings of scientific activity. Oligoptica are sites for the production of consensus and knowledge, and also for the manufacture of structural effects like \"culture\" and \"gender\". Latour makes further contrasts between oligoptica and panoramas, \"panoramas, as etymology suggests, see everything. But they also see nothing since they simply show an image painted (or projected) on the tiny wall of a room fully closed to the outside. \" What Latour means by this is that the panorama conveys a master narrative or 'big picture', with the illusion of coherence, whereas structures that can be traced to oligoptica have many different connections - these are individually fragile but powerful as a whole. Latour describes parliaments, courtrooms and offices as examples of oligoptica, or special places where the micro-structures of macro-phenomena are crafted. At such locations, the \"panorama of associations\" is created, and local activities become a \u201cbigger\u201d issue.", "Politics of Nature  Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ) is a book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. The book is an English translation by Catherine Porter of the French book, \"Politiques de la nature\". It is published by Harvard University Press. In the book, Latour argues for a new and better take on political ecology (not the discipline but the ecological political movements, e.g. greens) that embraces his feeling that, \"political ecology has nothing to do with nature\". In fact, Latour argues that the idea of nature is unfair because it unfairly allows those engaged in political discourse to \"short-circuit\" discussions. Latour uses Plato's metaphor of \"the cave\" to describe the current role of nature and science in separating facts from values which is the role of politics and non-scientists. Building on the arguments levelled in his previous works, Latour argues that this distinction between facts and values is rarely useful and in many situations dangerous. He claims that it leads to a system that ignores nature's socially constructed status and creates a political order without \"due process of individual will\". Instead, he calls for a \"new Constitution\" where different individuals can assemble democratically without the definitions of facts and values influenced by current attitudes towards nature and scientific knowledge. Latour describes an alternate set of rules by which this assembly, or collective as he calls it, might come together and be constituted. He also describes the way that entities will be allowed in or out in the future. In describing this collective, Latour draws attention to the role of the spokesperson, who must be doubted but who must speak for otherwise mute things in order to ensure that the collective involves both \"humans and non-humans\".", "Both sides continue to maintain that the other does not understand their theories, or mistakes constructive criticisms and scholarly investigations for attacks. As Bruno Latour recently put it, \"Scientists always stomp around meetings talking about 'bridging the two-culture gap', but when scores of people from outside the sciences begin to build just that bridge, they recoil in horror and want to impose the strangest of all gags on free speech since Socrates: only scientists should speak about science!\" Subsequently, Latour has suggested a re-evaluation of sociology's epistemology based on lessons learnt from the Science Wars: \"... scientists made us realize that there was not the slightest chance that the type of social forces we use as a cause could have objective facts as their effects\". However, more recently some of the leading critical theorists have recognized that their critiques have at times been counter-productive, and are providing intellectual ammunition for reactionary interests. Writing about these developments in the context of global warming, Bruno Latour noted that \"dangerous extremists are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives. Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies? Is it enough to say that we did not really mean what we said?\" Kendrick Frazier notes that Latour is interested in helping to rebuild trust in science and that Latour has said that some of the authority of science needs to be regained."], "answer": {"text": "co-author Steve Woolgar.", "answer_start": 231}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what book did he write", "answer": {"text": "publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what year did he write the book", "answer": {"text": "1979", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#4", "question": "what was the book about", "rewrite": "What was the book of Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Laboratory Life Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts is a 1979 book by sociologists of science Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar. This influential book in the field of science studies presents an anthropological study of Roger Guillemin's scientific laboratory at the Salk Institute. It advances a number of observations regarding how scientific work is conducted, including descriptions of the complex relationship between the routine lab practices performed by scientists, the publication of papers, scientific prestige, research finances and other elements of laboratory life. The book is considered to be one of the most influential works in the laboratory studies tradition within Science and Technology Studies. It is inspired but not entirely dependent on the ethnomethodological approach. In turn, it served as the inspiration for Actor\u2013network theory (or ANT); many of ANT's core concepts (like transcription, inscription, translation, and the deployment of networks) are present in \"Laboratory Life\". Latour and Woolgar state that their work \"concerns the way in which the daily activities of working scientists lead to the construction of scientific facts\" (40). \" Laboratory Life\" therefore stands in opposition to the study of scandalous moments in which the so-called \"normal\" operation of science was disrupted by external forces. In contrast, Latour and Woolgar give an account of a how scientific facts are produced in a laboratory \"in situ\", or as it happens. The initial methodology of \"Laboratory Life\" involves an \"anthropological strangeness\" (40) in which the laboratory is a tribe foreign to the researcher. The study of the lab begins with a semi-fictionalized account of an ignorant observer who knows nothing of laboratories or scientists.", "Steve Woolgar Stephen William Woolgar (born 14 February 1950) is a British sociologist. He has worked closely with Bruno Latour, with whom he wrote \"Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts\" (1979). Stephen Woolgar holds a BA (First Class Honours) in engineering and a PhD in sociology, both at the University of Cambridge. Woolgar wrote \"Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts\" (1979), a social constructionist account of the practice of science, together with Bruno Latour. Woolgar has subsequently adopted an even more relativist stance, for example in his 1988 book \"\". Woolgar can be counted among just a handful of academic thinkers who espouse a radically relativist and constructionist position, along with Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Lyotard and Jean Baudrillard. He has been Professor of Sociology and Head of the Department of Human Sciences and director of CRICT (Centre for Research into Innovation, Culture and Technology) at Brunel University. He holds the Chair of Sociology and Marketing and is a professor of marketing at the University of Oxford and a fellow at Green Templeton College. He is also director of Science and Technology Studies within Oxford's Institute for Science, Innovation and Society. He is an important contributor in the fields of science studies, sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK) and the science and technology studies (STS) (especially on the topic of sociology of machines). Stephen Woolgar is a recipient of the John Desmond Bernal Prize in 2008 awarded annually by the Society for Social Studies of Science to an individual judged to have made a distinguished contribution to the field.", "After his early career efforts, Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists. Latour rose in importance following the 1979 publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts with co-author Steve Woolgar. In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute. This early work argued that naive descriptions of the scientific method, in which theories stand or fall on the outcome of a single experiment, are inconsistent with actual laboratory practice. In the laboratory, Latour and Woolgar observed that a typical experiment produces only inconclusive data that is attributed to failure of the apparatus or experimental method, and that a large part of scientific training involves learning how to make the subjective decision of what data to keep and what data to throw out. Latour and Woolgar argued that, for untrained observers, the entire process resembles not an unbiased search for truth and accuracy but a mechanism for ignoring data that contradicts scientific orthodoxy. Latour and Woolgar produced a highly heterodox and controversial picture of the sciences. Drawing on the work of Gaston Bachelard, they advance the notion that the objects of scientific study are socially constructed within the laboratory--that they cannot be attributed with an existence outside of the instruments that measure them and the minds that interpret them. They view scientific activity as a system of beliefs, oral traditions and culturally specific practices-- in short, science is reconstructed not as a procedure or as a set of principles but as a culture.", "After his early career efforts, Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists. Latour rose in importance following the 1979 publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts with co-author Steve Woolgar. In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute. This early work argued that naive descriptions of the scientific method, in which theories stand or fall on the outcome of a single experiment, are inconsistent with actual laboratory practice. In the laboratory, Latour and Woolgar observed that a typical experiment produces only inconclusive data that is attributed to failure of the apparatus or experimental method, and that a large part of scientific training involves learning how to make the subjective decision of what data to keep and what data to throw out. Latour and Woolgar argued that, for untrained observers, the entire process resembles not an unbiased search for truth and accuracy but a mechanism for ignoring data that contradicts scientific orthodoxy. Latour and Woolgar produced a highly heterodox and controversial picture of the sciences. Drawing on the work of Gaston Bachelard, they advance the notion that the objects of scientific study are socially constructed within the laboratory--that they cannot be attributed with an existence outside of the instruments that measure them and the minds that interpret them. They view scientific activity as a system of beliefs, oral traditions and culturally specific practices-- in short, science is reconstructed not as a procedure or as a set of principles but as a culture.", "Charles Antaki, writing in the \"Times Higher Education Supplement\", described the impact of this book:   Potter and Wetherell have genuinely presented us with a different way of working in social psychology. The book's clarity means that it has the power to influence a lot of people ill-at-ease with traditional social psychology but unimpressed with (or simply bewildered by) other alternatives on offer. It could rescue social psychology from the sterility of the laboratory and its traditional mentalism. The field itself was originally labeled as DP during the early 1990s by Derek Edwards and Potter at Loughborough University. It has since been developed and extended by a number of others, including (but by no means limited to): Charles Antaki, Malcolm Ashmore, Frederick Attenborough, Bethan Benwell, Steve Brown, Carly Butler, Derek Edwards, Alexa Hepburn, Eric Laurier, Hedwig te Molder, Sue Speer, Liz Stokoe, Cristian Tileaga, Sally Wiggins and Sue Wilkinson. Discursive psychology draws on the philosophy of mind of Gilbert Ryle and the later Ludwig Wittgenstein, the rhetorical approach of Michael Billig, the ethnomethodology of Harold Garfinkel, the conversation analysis of Harvey Sacks and the sociology of scientific knowledge of those like Mike Mulkay, Steve Woolgar and Bruno Latour. The term \"discursive psychology\" was designed partly to indicate that there was not just a methodological shift at work in this form of analysis, but also, and at the same time, that it involved some fairly radical theoretical rethinking. Discursive psychology conducts studies of both naturally occurring and experimentally engineered human interaction that offer new ways of understanding topics in social and cognitive psychology such as memory and attitudes."], "answer": {"text": "In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute.", "answer_start": 256}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what book did he write", "answer": {"text": "publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what year did he write the book", "answer": {"text": "1979", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have help", "answer": {"text": "co-author Steve Woolgar.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#5", "question": "did he have supportors", "rewrite": "Did Bruno Latour have supporters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Both sides continue to maintain that the other does not understand their theories, or mistakes constructive criticisms and scholarly investigations for attacks. As Bruno Latour recently put it, \"Scientists always stomp around meetings talking about 'bridging the two-culture gap', but when scores of people from outside the sciences begin to build just that bridge, they recoil in horror and want to impose the strangest of all gags on free speech since Socrates: only scientists should speak about science!\" Subsequently, Latour has suggested a re-evaluation of sociology's epistemology based on lessons learnt from the Science Wars: \"... scientists made us realize that there was not the slightest chance that the type of social forces we use as a cause could have objective facts as their effects\". However, more recently some of the leading critical theorists have recognized that their critiques have at times been counter-productive, and are providing intellectual ammunition for reactionary interests. Writing about these developments in the context of global warming, Bruno Latour noted that \"dangerous extremists are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives. Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies? Is it enough to say that we did not really mean what we said?\" Kendrick Frazier notes that Latour is interested in helping to rebuild trust in science and that Latour has said that some of the authority of science needs to be regained.", "Eduardo Kohn Eduardo Kohn is Associate Professor of Anthropology at McGill University and winner of the 2014 Gregory Bateson Prize. He is best known for the book, \"How Forests Think\". His 2013 book, \"How Forests Think\", has been described by Cambridge Professor of Anthropology Marilyn Strathern as \"thought-leaping in the most creative sense,\" and \"[a] supreme artifact of the human skill in symbolic thinking.\". The work draws upon four years ethnographic fieldwork with the Runa in the Upper Amazon in order to challenge the most basic assumptions of anthropological thought. Using the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, Kohn proposes that all life forms, not only humans, engage in processes of signification and therefore should be considered as able to think and learn. Arguing that selfhood does not solely belong to humans, Kohn proposes that any entity which communicates through the use of signs can be considered a self, leading to a complex 'ecology of selves' of which humans and nonhumans are both a part. Kohn's work builds upon a growing body of literature, from authors such as Bruno Latour, Donna Haraway and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, which seeks to take the social sciences beyond the limits of strictly human relations. In 2014 HAU included an entire section based on a book symposium discussing \"How Forests Think.\" including contributions from Bruno Latour and Philippe Descola.", "Oligopticon Bruno Latour proposes the idea of an Oligopticon as a site for the manufacture of social structures (such as scientific knowledge, or our system of law). He contrasts the oligopticon with Michel Foucault's account of the surveillance mechanism that is the Panopticon. Whereas the ideal of the panopticon is a kind of total surveillance that feeds both (guards') megalomania and (prisoners') paranoia , oligoptica are sites that, \"do exactly the opposite of panoptica: they see much too little to feed the megalomania of the inspector or the paranoia of the inspected, but what they see, they see it well.\" The account of the oligopticon is introduced in order to further Latour's account of the proceedings of scientific activity. Oligoptica are sites for the production of consensus and knowledge, and also for the manufacture of structural effects like \"culture\" and \"gender\". Latour makes further contrasts between oligoptica and panoramas, \"panoramas, as etymology suggests, see everything. But they also see nothing since they simply show an image painted (or projected) on the tiny wall of a room fully closed to the outside. \" What Latour means by this is that the panorama conveys a master narrative or 'big picture', with the illusion of coherence, whereas structures that can be traced to oligoptica have many different connections - these are individually fragile but powerful as a whole. Latour describes parliaments, courtrooms and offices as examples of oligoptica, or special places where the micro-structures of macro-phenomena are crafted. At such locations, the \"panorama of associations\" is created, and local activities become a \u201cbigger\u201d issue.", "Politics of Nature  Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ) is a book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. The book is an English translation by Catherine Porter of the French book, \"Politiques de la nature\". It is published by Harvard University Press. In the book, Latour argues for a new and better take on political ecology (not the discipline but the ecological political movements, e.g. greens) that embraces his feeling that, \"political ecology has nothing to do with nature\". In fact, Latour argues that the idea of nature is unfair because it unfairly allows those engaged in political discourse to \"short-circuit\" discussions. Latour uses Plato's metaphor of \"the cave\" to describe the current role of nature and science in separating facts from values which is the role of politics and non-scientists. Building on the arguments levelled in his previous works, Latour argues that this distinction between facts and values is rarely useful and in many situations dangerous. He claims that it leads to a system that ignores nature's socially constructed status and creates a political order without \"due process of individual will\". Instead, he calls for a \"new Constitution\" where different individuals can assemble democratically without the definitions of facts and values influenced by current attitudes towards nature and scientific knowledge. Latour describes an alternate set of rules by which this assembly, or collective as he calls it, might come together and be constituted. He also describes the way that entities will be allowed in or out in the future. In describing this collective, Latour draws attention to the role of the spokesperson, who must be doubted but who must speak for otherwise mute things in order to ensure that the collective involves both \"humans and non-humans\".", "Strauss worries that if Weber is right, we are left with a world in which the knowable truth is a truth that cannot be evaluated according to ethical standards. This conflict between ethics and politics would mean that there can be no grounding for any valuation of the good, and without reference to values, facts lose their meaning. Philosophers including Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Bruno Latour are skeptical of the division between facts and values. They argue that scientific facts are socially produced through relations of power. In 2018, the \"New York Times\" ran a profile on Bruno Latour and post-truth politics. According to the article, \"In a series of controversial books in the 1970s and 1980s, [Latour] argued that scientific facts should instead be seen as a \"product\" of scientific inquiry. Facts, Latour said, were \u201cnetworked\u201d; they stood or fell not on the strength of their inherent veracity but on the strength of the institutions and practices that produced them and made them intelligible.\" In her essay \"Lying in Politics\" (1972), Hannah Arendt describes what she terms \"defactualization,\" or the inability to discern fact from fiction\u2014a concept very close to what we now understand by post-truth. The essay\u2019s central theme is the thoroughgoing political deception that was unveiled with the leaking of the The Pentagon Papers in 1971. Her main target of critique is the professional \u201cproblem-solvers\u201d tasked with solving American foreign policy \"problems\" during the Vietnam War, and who comprised the group that authored the McNamara report. Arendt distinguishes defactualization from deliberate falsehood and from lying. She writes,\u201cThe deliberate falsehood deals with \"contingent\" facts; that is, with matters that carry no inherent truth within themselves, no necessity to be as they are."], "answer": {"text": "Gross and Leavitt argue that Latour's position becomes absurd when applied to non-scientific contexts:", "answer_start": 517}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what book did he write", "answer": {"text": "publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what year did he write the book", "answer": {"text": "1979", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have help", "answer": {"text": "co-author Steve Woolgar.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the book about", "answer": {"text": "In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#6", "question": "did he have more critics", "rewrite": "Did Bruno Latour have more critics?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Politics of Nature  Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ) is a book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. The book is an English translation by Catherine Porter of the French book, \"Politiques de la nature\". It is published by Harvard University Press. In the book, Latour argues for a new and better take on political ecology (not the discipline but the ecological political movements, e.g. greens) that embraces his feeling that, \"political ecology has nothing to do with nature\". In fact, Latour argues that the idea of nature is unfair because it unfairly allows those engaged in political discourse to \"short-circuit\" discussions. Latour uses Plato's metaphor of \"the cave\" to describe the current role of nature and science in separating facts from values which is the role of politics and non-scientists. Building on the arguments levelled in his previous works, Latour argues that this distinction between facts and values is rarely useful and in many situations dangerous. He claims that it leads to a system that ignores nature's socially constructed status and creates a political order without \"due process of individual will\". Instead, he calls for a \"new Constitution\" where different individuals can assemble democratically without the definitions of facts and values influenced by current attitudes towards nature and scientific knowledge. Latour describes an alternate set of rules by which this assembly, or collective as he calls it, might come together and be constituted. He also describes the way that entities will be allowed in or out in the future. In describing this collective, Latour draws attention to the role of the spokesperson, who must be doubted but who must speak for otherwise mute things in order to ensure that the collective involves both \"humans and non-humans\".", "Both sides continue to maintain that the other does not understand their theories, or mistakes constructive criticisms and scholarly investigations for attacks. As Bruno Latour recently put it, \"Scientists always stomp around meetings talking about 'bridging the two-culture gap', but when scores of people from outside the sciences begin to build just that bridge, they recoil in horror and want to impose the strangest of all gags on free speech since Socrates: only scientists should speak about science!\" Subsequently, Latour has suggested a re-evaluation of sociology's epistemology based on lessons learnt from the Science Wars: \"... scientists made us realize that there was not the slightest chance that the type of social forces we use as a cause could have objective facts as their effects\". However, more recently some of the leading critical theorists have recognized that their critiques have at times been counter-productive, and are providing intellectual ammunition for reactionary interests. Writing about these developments in the context of global warming, Bruno Latour noted that \"dangerous extremists are using the very same argument of social construction to destroy hard-won evidence that could save our lives. Was I wrong to participate in the invention of this field known as science studies? Is it enough to say that we did not really mean what we said?\" Kendrick Frazier notes that Latour is interested in helping to rebuild trust in science and that Latour has said that some of the authority of science needs to be regained.", "Strauss worries that if Weber is right, we are left with a world in which the knowable truth is a truth that cannot be evaluated according to ethical standards. This conflict between ethics and politics would mean that there can be no grounding for any valuation of the good, and without reference to values, facts lose their meaning. Philosophers including Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Bruno Latour are skeptical of the division between facts and values. They argue that scientific facts are socially produced through relations of power. In 2018, the \"New York Times\" ran a profile on Bruno Latour and post-truth politics. According to the article, \"In a series of controversial books in the 1970s and 1980s, [Latour] argued that scientific facts should instead be seen as a \"product\" of scientific inquiry. Facts, Latour said, were \u201cnetworked\u201d; they stood or fell not on the strength of their inherent veracity but on the strength of the institutions and practices that produced them and made them intelligible.\" In her essay \"Lying in Politics\" (1972), Hannah Arendt describes what she terms \"defactualization,\" or the inability to discern fact from fiction\u2014a concept very close to what we now understand by post-truth. The essay\u2019s central theme is the thoroughgoing political deception that was unveiled with the leaking of the The Pentagon Papers in 1971. Her main target of critique is the professional \u201cproblem-solvers\u201d tasked with solving American foreign policy \"problems\" during the Vietnam War, and who comprised the group that authored the McNamara report. Arendt distinguishes defactualization from deliberate falsehood and from lying. She writes,\u201cThe deliberate falsehood deals with \"contingent\" facts; that is, with matters that carry no inherent truth within themselves, no necessity to be as they are.", "Oligopticon Bruno Latour proposes the idea of an Oligopticon as a site for the manufacture of social structures (such as scientific knowledge, or our system of law). He contrasts the oligopticon with Michel Foucault's account of the surveillance mechanism that is the Panopticon. Whereas the ideal of the panopticon is a kind of total surveillance that feeds both (guards') megalomania and (prisoners') paranoia , oligoptica are sites that, \"do exactly the opposite of panoptica: they see much too little to feed the megalomania of the inspector or the paranoia of the inspected, but what they see, they see it well.\" The account of the oligopticon is introduced in order to further Latour's account of the proceedings of scientific activity. Oligoptica are sites for the production of consensus and knowledge, and also for the manufacture of structural effects like \"culture\" and \"gender\". Latour makes further contrasts between oligoptica and panoramas, \"panoramas, as etymology suggests, see everything. But they also see nothing since they simply show an image painted (or projected) on the tiny wall of a room fully closed to the outside. \" What Latour means by this is that the panorama conveys a master narrative or 'big picture', with the illusion of coherence, whereas structures that can be traced to oligoptica have many different connections - these are individually fragile but powerful as a whole. Latour describes parliaments, courtrooms and offices as examples of oligoptica, or special places where the micro-structures of macro-phenomena are crafted. At such locations, the \"panorama of associations\" is created, and local activities become a \u201cbigger\u201d issue.", "Eve Kosofky Sedgwick built on Ric\u0153ur's theory to develop her ideas around \"paranoid reading\" and \"reparative reading.\" Sedgwick called on critics to abandon the \"dramas of exposure\" that so often motivate textual interpretation, and instead emphasize the various beneficial roles that texts can play within particular readers' lives. Rita Felski has argued that Sedwick's account of reparative reading calls for \"a stance that looks to a work of art for solace and replenishment rather than viewing it as something to be interrogated and indicted.\" Bruno Latour , in his influential article \u201cWhy is Critique Running Out of Steam? \" argues that critique is no longer able to offer politically progressive readings of texts, since its methods have been coopted by right-wing interests. He claims that the rise of conspiracy theories and conspiratorial thinking means that the dominant mode of enquiry entailed within the \"hermeneutics of suspicion\" can no longer be relied on to dismantle power structures. Felski builds on such ideas to expose the many limitations associated with critique. In developing the set of ideas that comprise postcritique, Rita Felski has said that she has been \"deeply influenced by the work of Bruno Latour.\" The work of all three thinkers has been crucial to the development of postcritique. At its heart, postcritique seeks to find ways of reading that offer alternatives to critique. It is motivated by the search for more sophisticated accounts of how specific readers engage with specific texts. As Felski claims in \"The Uses of Literature\", \"[w]e are sorely in need of richer and deeper accounts of how selves interact with texts. \" The practitioners of this project define critique in broad terms."], "answer": {"text": "John Searle argues that Latour's \"extreme social constructivist\" position is seriously flawed on several points, and furthermore has inadvertently \"comical results.\"", "answer_start": 896}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what book did he write", "answer": {"text": "publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what year did he write the book", "answer": {"text": "1979", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have help", "answer": {"text": "co-author Steve Woolgar.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the book about", "answer": {"text": "In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have supportors", "answer": {"text": "Gross and Leavitt argue that Latour's position becomes absurd when applied to non-scientific contexts:", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f413e9dbddb94d27801f449460db5b29_1_q#7", "question": "what other findings did he have", "rewrite": "Besides \"extreme social constructivist\" position, what other findings did Bruno Latour have?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some learning approaches that could harbour this interactive learning include reciprocal teaching, peer collaboration, cognitive apprenticeship, problem-based instruction, web quests, Anchored Instruction and other approaches that involve learning with others. Learners with different skills and backgrounds should collaborate in tasks and discussions to arrive at a shared understanding of the truth in a specific field. Some social constructivist models also stress the need for collaboration among learners, in direct contradiction to traditional competitive approaches. One Vygotskian notion that has significant implications for peer collaboration, is that of the zone of proximal development. Defined as the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem-solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers, it differs from the fixed biological nature of Piaget's stages of development. Through a process of 'scaffolding' a learner can be extended beyond the limitations of physical maturation to the extent that the development process lags behind the learning process. If students have to present and train new contents with their classmates, a non-linear process of collective knowledge-construction will be set up. The social constructivist paradigm views the context in which the learning occurs as central to the learning itself. Underlying the notion of the learner as an active processor is \"the assumption that there is no one set of generalised learning laws with each law applying to all domains\". Decontextualised knowledge does not give us the skills to apply our understandings to authentic tasks because we are not working with the concept in the complex environment and experiencing the complex interrelationships in that environment that determine how and when the concept is used. One social constructivist notion is that of authentic or situated learning, where the student takes part in activities directly relevant to the application of learning and that take place within a culture similar to the applied setting.", "Paul Ernest Paul Ernest is a contributor to the social constructivist philosophy of mathematics. Paul Ernest was born in New York City, New York in to parents John Ernest and Elna Ernest (n\u00e9e Adlerbert). However he has lived and worked in the UK since childhood, apart from two years of teaching at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica (1982\u201384). He is currently emeritus professor of the philosophy of mathematics education at Exeter University, UK. Originally a student of mathematics and philosophy up to PhD level he became interested in educational issues through teaching school mathematics in London during the 1970s. His main research interests concern fundamental questions about the nature of mathematics and how it relates to teaching, learning and society. He has developed a semiotic theory of mathematics and education. He is best known for his work on philosophical aspects of mathematics education and his contributions to developing a social constructivist philosophy of mathematics. He is currently working on the ethics of mathematics. Ernest's philosophical sources are the later works of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the fallibilism of Imre Lakatos. This social constructivist philosophy claims that both the theorems and truths of mathematics, and the objects of mathematics, are cultural products created by humans. Furthermore, the theorems and truths of mathematics always remain corrigible, revisible, and indeed fallible \u2014 in principle at least. This does not mean that mathematical knowledge is flawed or at risk. However, the claim is that the belief that mathematical knowledge is infallible cannot be demonstrated, it is an article of faith, even if the warrants for mathematical knowledge are the strongest warrants available to humankind for any knowledge claims. Ernest illustrates this position in his discussion of the issue of whether mathematics is discovered or invented. His fullest exposition of the social constructivist position is given in the 1998 reference, although an earlier version is given in the 1991 reference.", "Latour's 1987 book Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society is one of the key texts of the sociology of scientific knowledge in which he famously wrote his Second Principle as follows: \"Scientist and engineers speak in the name of new allies that they have shaped and enrolled; representatives among other representatives, they add these unexpected resources to tip the balance of force in their favor.\" Some of Latour's position and findings in this era provoked vehement rebuttals. Gross and Leavitt argue that Latour's position becomes absurd when applied to non-scientific contexts: e.g., if a group of coworkers in a windowless room were debating whether or not it were raining outside and went outdoors to discover raindrops in the air and puddles on the soil, Latour's hypothesis would assert that the rain was socially constructed. Similarly, philosopher John Searle argues that Latour's \"extreme social constructivist\" position is seriously flawed on several points, and furthermore has inadvertently \"comical results.\" Latour's work Nous n'avons jamais ete modernes : Essais d'anthropologie symetrique was first published in French in 1991, and then in English in 1993 as We Have Never Been Modern. Latour encouraged the reader of this anthropology of science to re-think and re-evaluate our mental landscape. He evaluated the work of scientists and contemplated the contribution of the scientific method to knowledge and work, blurring the distinction across various fields and disciplines. Latour argued that society has never really been modern and promoted nonmodernism (or amodernism) over postmodernism, modernism, or antimodernism. His stance was that we have never been modern and minor divisions alone separate Westerners now from other collectives.", "Latour's 1987 book Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society is one of the key texts of the sociology of scientific knowledge in which he famously wrote his Second Principle as follows: \"Scientist and engineers speak in the name of new allies that they have shaped and enrolled; representatives among other representatives, they add these unexpected resources to tip the balance of force in their favor.\" Some of Latour's position and findings in this era provoked vehement rebuttals. Gross and Leavitt argue that Latour's position becomes absurd when applied to non-scientific contexts: e.g., if a group of coworkers in a windowless room were debating whether or not it were raining outside and went outdoors to discover raindrops in the air and puddles on the soil, Latour's hypothesis would assert that the rain was socially constructed. Similarly, philosopher John Searle argues that Latour's \"extreme social constructivist\" position is seriously flawed on several points, and furthermore has inadvertently \"comical results.\"", "Blackboxing In science studies, the social process of blackboxing is based on the abstract notion of a black box. To cite Bruno Latour, blackboxing is \"the way scientific and technical work is made invisible by its own success. When a machine runs efficiently, when a matter of fact is settled, one need focus only on its inputs and outputs and not on its internal complexity. Thus, paradoxically, the more science and technology succeed, the more opaque and obscure they become.\" Social constructivist approaches to science and technology studies, such as social construction of technology (SCOT) often revolve around \"opening the black box\", or attempting to understand the internal workings of a given system. This then allows the researcher to provide empirical models of technological change that are specific and better able to describe the events that took place during the development of the technology. This approach has also been criticized by scholars such as Langdon Winner for being excessively formulaic in its methods and too narrow in its focus. The concept of the \"black box\" is also important in actor\u2013network theory as it relates to simplification. As Michel Callon notes, an actor-network is a system of discrete entities or nodes, while the reality that it represents is theoretically infinite. Therefore, in order to describe something in terms of an actor-network, complex systems must be simplified down to individual nodes, ignoring their internal workings and focusing only on their interactions with other nodes within the network. However, if the simplified \"black box\" is insufficient modeling the system in question, it must be opened, creating a \"swarm of new actors.\""], "answer": {"text": "Some of Latour's position and findings in this era provoked vehement rebuttals.", "answer_start": 437}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about Bruno Latour, Laboratory life?", "answer": {"text": "Latour shifted his research interests to focus on laboratory scientists.", "answer_start": 32, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what book did he write", "answer": {"text": "publication of Laboratory Life: the Social Construction of Scientific Facts", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what year did he write the book", "answer": {"text": "1979", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have help", "answer": {"text": "co-author Steve Woolgar.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the book about", "answer": {"text": "In the book, the authors undertake an ethnographic study of a neuroendocrinology research laboratory at the Salk Institute.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have supportors", "answer": {"text": "Gross and Leavitt argue that Latour's position becomes absurd when applied to non-scientific contexts:", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he have more critics", "answer": {"text": "John Searle argues that Latour's \"extreme social constructivist\" position is seriously flawed on several points, and furthermore has inadvertently \"comical results.\"", "answer_start": 896, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#0", "question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "rewrite": "When was Eazy-E born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eazy-E discography The discography of Eazy-E, an American rapper from Compton, California, consists of two studio albums, three extended plays, two compilation albums, and ten singles. Eazy was also featured on the single \"Game Wreck-Oniz-Iz Game\" by Above the Law and \"Foe tha Love of $\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. His music has been released through record labels Ruthless Records, Priority Records, Relativity Records, and Epic Records. Five of his albums have been awarded a certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This discography includes music videos and collaborations as well as albums. Eazy-E's music career started in 1986 with the hip hop group N.W.A, where he would perform on all four of the studio albums. In 1988, before Ice Cube left N.W.A, Eazy released \"Eazy-Duz-It\" as his first solo effort. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became Eazy's most successful album, selling 2.5 million albums in the US by 1994. In 1992 it was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album's first single, \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", would go on to peak at number 84 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" was released in 1989 and only charted on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. \"We Want Eazy\" was also released in 1989 and charted on both the Hot Rap Tracks chart and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"\" was released on December 28, 1992 and peaked number 70 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic gave a considerable amount of attention to the album's production, saying that \"Dr. Dre and Yella meld together P-Funk, Def Jam-style hip hop, and the leftover electro sounds of mid-[19]80s Los Angeles, creating a dense, funky, and thoroughly unique style of their own. \" Birchmeier would also write that some songs\u2014\"Eazy Duz It\", \"We Want Eazy\", \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", and \"Radio\"\u2014are all heavily produced and have \"layers upon layers of samples and beats competing with Eazy-E's rhymes for attention. \" Rapper and producer Kanye West also touted Dr. Dre's production on the album. Glen Boyd of Blogcritics said that the album has \"Deep-ass bass lines, old-school funk samples, and plenty of street smart ghetto attitude are what powers this record.\" Jerry Heller wrote that Eazy raps more up front on the album than he does on \"Straight Outta Compton\", and insists that the album's lyrics contain more sexual humor than gangsta vibe. The album's title track and lead single \"Eazy-Duz-It\", written by MC Ren, opens with a woman acclaiming Eazy-E's style. Eazy then interrupts saying \"Bitch shut the fuck up, get the fuck outta here. \" This is followed by a bass line provided by Dr. Dre. Soon, Eazy begins to rap about himself and things that he does. The song declares that Eazy is a \"hardcore villain\" who collects money from his prostitutes, and feels great when his \"pockets are fat. \" The chorus, repeated three times, states that he \"is a gangsta having fun\".", "Lyrically Eazy-E questioned Dr. Dre's sexuality and credibility as a gangster for having worn androgynous clothing and makeup while a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru. On the track Eazy-E also ridiculed Dr. Dre for beating women, likely referencing Dr. Dre's 1991 assault of Dee Barnes. In the song's lyrics Eazy-E refers to the 1992 single \"Fuck wit Dre Day\" as \"Eazy's pay day\" as Dr. Dre's contract allowing him to move from Eazy-E's Ruthless to Suge Knight's Death Row Records granted Eazy-E retention of a portion of Dr. Dre's royalties. Snoop was also was dissed as an \u201canorexic rapper\u201d and \u201cweighs 60 pounds wet with boots on\u201d. Lastly, the track also contained a subtle diss to Death Row CEO Suge Knight, a known strongman with a well documented history of criminal intimidation and violence, whom Eazy-E calls \"Dr. Dre's sergeant\" and refers to Death Row Records as a \"boot camp\". The music video for \" Real Muthaphuckkin G's\" was written and directed by Eazy-E's longtime Ruthless Records film director Marty Thomas and shot in just two days, entirely in Compton, California. The music video begins with aerial helicopter footage of Compton landmarks, dissolving to a scene picturing lowriders, gangsters, and the metro Blue Line. During the music video Eazy-E raps \"all of a sudden Dr. Dre is the G thang; but on his old album covers he was a she-thang\", and an accompanying photograph of Dr. Dre is shown from his tenure with the World Class Wreckin' Cru.", "We Want Eazy \"We Want Eazy\" is a song by West Coast American rapper Eazy-E. It was released as the third and final single from his debut album, Eazy-Duz-It. The song features fellow N.W.A members Dr. Dre and MC Ren and was produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. \"We Want Eazy\" also appears on his greatest hits, \"Eternal E\"; a 12-inch remix of this song was released as a single in 1989 and appeared on the rapper's posthumous compilation, \"Featuring... Eazy-E\". The song borrows heavily from the Bootsy's Rubber Band's 1977 song \"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!\". In exchange for the use of the sample, Bootsy Collins makes a cameo appearance with Eazy-E at the video's conclusion. The music video for \" We Want Eazy\", directed by J. Kevin Swain, was released in 1988. It begins with Eazy being chased by a LAPD officer and dropping his signature black baseball cap along the way. Eventually he is arrested and jailed, just hours before he is to perform at a concert. With the help of his cellmates (including Ice Cube who manages to appear in the crowd as well and MC Krazy Dee), Eazy is able to perform via a giant screen closed-circuit television connection \"live from the Compton jail\", while Dr. Dre and MC Ren share the role of hype man on stage. Near the end of the video, Eazy breaks out of his cell and through the screen, and joins his bandmates on stage for the concert's finale.", "Tweedy Bird Loc Richard Johnson (born August 4, 1967), better known by his stage name Tweedy Bird Loc, is an American rapper from Compton, California. Johnson and producer Ronnie M. Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between members of the California-based Bloods and Crips street gangs. Johnson is a Crip himself, affiliated with the Kelly Park Compton set. Tweedy Bird Loc and Eazy-E were friends who grew up in the same neighborhood. When Eazy-E became a gangsta rap pioneer with N.W.A and Ruthless Records, Tweedy Bird Loc had started working a project called \"Bangin' On Wax\". Tweedy Bird sent some demos to Eazy-E and asked if he could be signed to Ruthless Records. Eazy said it was too difficult to make this decision. Angered, Tweedy Bird Loc formed Dangerous Records with producer Ronnie Phillips. In 1995, shortly before Eazy's death, the two made peace. Tweedy Bird Loc, with the help of Ronnie Phillips, began recording his solo debut album \"187 Ride By\" in 1992. He was still beefing with Eazy-E at the time; when Tweedy Bird Loc overheard Eazy on an interview saying that he won't sign Tweedy Bird Loc to Ruthless, Tweedy felt very disrespected so he and his fellow rappers Big D Mark, Nini X and Notorious Joe wrote a vicious diss track aimed at Eazy and his manager Jerry Heller, and his protegee Kokane titled \"Hoe is a Bitch\" in which he attacks and criticizes Eazy of selling out, being sexist towards women, and from Tweed's point of view, brown-nosing his manager Jerry Heller for fame."], "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#1", "question": "Where was he born?", "rewrite": "Where was Eazy-E born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eazy-E discography The discography of Eazy-E, an American rapper from Compton, California, consists of two studio albums, three extended plays, two compilation albums, and ten singles. Eazy was also featured on the single \"Game Wreck-Oniz-Iz Game\" by Above the Law and \"Foe tha Love of $\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. His music has been released through record labels Ruthless Records, Priority Records, Relativity Records, and Epic Records. Five of his albums have been awarded a certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This discography includes music videos and collaborations as well as albums. Eazy-E's music career started in 1986 with the hip hop group N.W.A, where he would perform on all four of the studio albums. In 1988, before Ice Cube left N.W.A, Eazy released \"Eazy-Duz-It\" as his first solo effort. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became Eazy's most successful album, selling 2.5 million albums in the US by 1994. In 1992 it was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album's first single, \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", would go on to peak at number 84 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" was released in 1989 and only charted on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. \"We Want Eazy\" was also released in 1989 and charted on both the Hot Rap Tracks chart and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"\" was released on December 28, 1992 and peaked number 70 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "We Want Eazy \"We Want Eazy\" is a song by West Coast American rapper Eazy-E. It was released as the third and final single from his debut album, Eazy-Duz-It. The song features fellow N.W.A members Dr. Dre and MC Ren and was produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. \"We Want Eazy\" also appears on his greatest hits, \"Eternal E\"; a 12-inch remix of this song was released as a single in 1989 and appeared on the rapper's posthumous compilation, \"Featuring... Eazy-E\". The song borrows heavily from the Bootsy's Rubber Band's 1977 song \"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!\". In exchange for the use of the sample, Bootsy Collins makes a cameo appearance with Eazy-E at the video's conclusion. The music video for \" We Want Eazy\", directed by J. Kevin Swain, was released in 1988. It begins with Eazy being chased by a LAPD officer and dropping his signature black baseball cap along the way. Eventually he is arrested and jailed, just hours before he is to perform at a concert. With the help of his cellmates (including Ice Cube who manages to appear in the crowd as well and MC Krazy Dee), Eazy is able to perform via a giant screen closed-circuit television connection \"live from the Compton jail\", while Dr. Dre and MC Ren share the role of hype man on stage. Near the end of the video, Eazy breaks out of his cell and through the screen, and joins his bandmates on stage for the concert's finale.", "Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic gave a considerable amount of attention to the album's production, saying that \"Dr. Dre and Yella meld together P-Funk, Def Jam-style hip hop, and the leftover electro sounds of mid-[19]80s Los Angeles, creating a dense, funky, and thoroughly unique style of their own. \" Birchmeier would also write that some songs\u2014\"Eazy Duz It\", \"We Want Eazy\", \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", and \"Radio\"\u2014are all heavily produced and have \"layers upon layers of samples and beats competing with Eazy-E's rhymes for attention. \" Rapper and producer Kanye West also touted Dr. Dre's production on the album. Glen Boyd of Blogcritics said that the album has \"Deep-ass bass lines, old-school funk samples, and plenty of street smart ghetto attitude are what powers this record.\" Jerry Heller wrote that Eazy raps more up front on the album than he does on \"Straight Outta Compton\", and insists that the album's lyrics contain more sexual humor than gangsta vibe. The album's title track and lead single \"Eazy-Duz-It\", written by MC Ren, opens with a woman acclaiming Eazy-E's style. Eazy then interrupts saying \"Bitch shut the fuck up, get the fuck outta here. \" This is followed by a bass line provided by Dr. Dre. Soon, Eazy begins to rap about himself and things that he does. The song declares that Eazy is a \"hardcore villain\" who collects money from his prostitutes, and feels great when his \"pockets are fat. \" The chorus, repeated three times, states that he \"is a gangsta having fun\".", "Tweedy Bird Loc Richard Johnson (born August 4, 1967), better known by his stage name Tweedy Bird Loc, is an American rapper from Compton, California. Johnson and producer Ronnie M. Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between members of the California-based Bloods and Crips street gangs. Johnson is a Crip himself, affiliated with the Kelly Park Compton set. Tweedy Bird Loc and Eazy-E were friends who grew up in the same neighborhood. When Eazy-E became a gangsta rap pioneer with N.W.A and Ruthless Records, Tweedy Bird Loc had started working a project called \"Bangin' On Wax\". Tweedy Bird sent some demos to Eazy-E and asked if he could be signed to Ruthless Records. Eazy said it was too difficult to make this decision. Angered, Tweedy Bird Loc formed Dangerous Records with producer Ronnie Phillips. In 1995, shortly before Eazy's death, the two made peace. Tweedy Bird Loc, with the help of Ronnie Phillips, began recording his solo debut album \"187 Ride By\" in 1992. He was still beefing with Eazy-E at the time; when Tweedy Bird Loc overheard Eazy on an interview saying that he won't sign Tweedy Bird Loc to Ruthless, Tweedy felt very disrespected so he and his fellow rappers Big D Mark, Nini X and Notorious Joe wrote a vicious diss track aimed at Eazy and his manager Jerry Heller, and his protegee Kokane titled \"Hoe is a Bitch\" in which he attacks and criticizes Eazy of selling out, being sexist towards women, and from Tweed's point of view, brown-nosing his manager Jerry Heller for fame.", "Lyrically Eazy-E questioned Dr. Dre's sexuality and credibility as a gangster for having worn androgynous clothing and makeup while a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru. On the track Eazy-E also ridiculed Dr. Dre for beating women, likely referencing Dr. Dre's 1991 assault of Dee Barnes. In the song's lyrics Eazy-E refers to the 1992 single \"Fuck wit Dre Day\" as \"Eazy's pay day\" as Dr. Dre's contract allowing him to move from Eazy-E's Ruthless to Suge Knight's Death Row Records granted Eazy-E retention of a portion of Dr. Dre's royalties. Snoop was also was dissed as an \u201canorexic rapper\u201d and \u201cweighs 60 pounds wet with boots on\u201d. Lastly, the track also contained a subtle diss to Death Row CEO Suge Knight, a known strongman with a well documented history of criminal intimidation and violence, whom Eazy-E calls \"Dr. Dre's sergeant\" and refers to Death Row Records as a \"boot camp\". The music video for \" Real Muthaphuckkin G's\" was written and directed by Eazy-E's longtime Ruthless Records film director Marty Thomas and shot in just two days, entirely in Compton, California. The music video begins with aerial helicopter footage of Compton landmarks, dissolving to a scene picturing lowriders, gangsters, and the metro Blue Line. During the music video Eazy-E raps \"all of a sudden Dr. Dre is the G thang; but on his old album covers he was a she-thang\", and an accompanying photograph of Dr. Dre is shown from his tenure with the World Class Wreckin' Cru."], "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#2", "question": "Who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Eazy-E's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eazy-E discography The discography of Eazy-E, an American rapper from Compton, California, consists of two studio albums, three extended plays, two compilation albums, and ten singles. Eazy was also featured on the single \"Game Wreck-Oniz-Iz Game\" by Above the Law and \"Foe tha Love of $\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. His music has been released through record labels Ruthless Records, Priority Records, Relativity Records, and Epic Records. Five of his albums have been awarded a certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This discography includes music videos and collaborations as well as albums. Eazy-E's music career started in 1986 with the hip hop group N.W.A, where he would perform on all four of the studio albums. In 1988, before Ice Cube left N.W.A, Eazy released \"Eazy-Duz-It\" as his first solo effort. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became Eazy's most successful album, selling 2.5 million albums in the US by 1994. In 1992 it was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album's first single, \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", would go on to peak at number 84 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" was released in 1989 and only charted on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. \"We Want Eazy\" was also released in 1989 and charted on both the Hot Rap Tracks chart and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"\" was released on December 28, 1992 and peaked number 70 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Lyrically Eazy-E questioned Dr. Dre's sexuality and credibility as a gangster for having worn androgynous clothing and makeup while a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru. On the track Eazy-E also ridiculed Dr. Dre for beating women, likely referencing Dr. Dre's 1991 assault of Dee Barnes. In the song's lyrics Eazy-E refers to the 1992 single \"Fuck wit Dre Day\" as \"Eazy's pay day\" as Dr. Dre's contract allowing him to move from Eazy-E's Ruthless to Suge Knight's Death Row Records granted Eazy-E retention of a portion of Dr. Dre's royalties. Snoop was also was dissed as an \u201canorexic rapper\u201d and \u201cweighs 60 pounds wet with boots on\u201d. Lastly, the track also contained a subtle diss to Death Row CEO Suge Knight, a known strongman with a well documented history of criminal intimidation and violence, whom Eazy-E calls \"Dr. Dre's sergeant\" and refers to Death Row Records as a \"boot camp\". The music video for \" Real Muthaphuckkin G's\" was written and directed by Eazy-E's longtime Ruthless Records film director Marty Thomas and shot in just two days, entirely in Compton, California. The music video begins with aerial helicopter footage of Compton landmarks, dissolving to a scene picturing lowriders, gangsters, and the metro Blue Line. During the music video Eazy-E raps \"all of a sudden Dr. Dre is the G thang; but on his old album covers he was a she-thang\", and an accompanying photograph of Dr. Dre is shown from his tenure with the World Class Wreckin' Cru.", "Tweedy Bird Loc Richard Johnson (born August 4, 1967), better known by his stage name Tweedy Bird Loc, is an American rapper from Compton, California. Johnson and producer Ronnie M. Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between members of the California-based Bloods and Crips street gangs. Johnson is a Crip himself, affiliated with the Kelly Park Compton set. Tweedy Bird Loc and Eazy-E were friends who grew up in the same neighborhood. When Eazy-E became a gangsta rap pioneer with N.W.A and Ruthless Records, Tweedy Bird Loc had started working a project called \"Bangin' On Wax\". Tweedy Bird sent some demos to Eazy-E and asked if he could be signed to Ruthless Records. Eazy said it was too difficult to make this decision. Angered, Tweedy Bird Loc formed Dangerous Records with producer Ronnie Phillips. In 1995, shortly before Eazy's death, the two made peace. Tweedy Bird Loc, with the help of Ronnie Phillips, began recording his solo debut album \"187 Ride By\" in 1992. He was still beefing with Eazy-E at the time; when Tweedy Bird Loc overheard Eazy on an interview saying that he won't sign Tweedy Bird Loc to Ruthless, Tweedy felt very disrespected so he and his fellow rappers Big D Mark, Nini X and Notorious Joe wrote a vicious diss track aimed at Eazy and his manager Jerry Heller, and his protegee Kokane titled \"Hoe is a Bitch\" in which he attacks and criticizes Eazy of selling out, being sexist towards women, and from Tweed's point of view, brown-nosing his manager Jerry Heller for fame.", "Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic gave a considerable amount of attention to the album's production, saying that \"Dr. Dre and Yella meld together P-Funk, Def Jam-style hip hop, and the leftover electro sounds of mid-[19]80s Los Angeles, creating a dense, funky, and thoroughly unique style of their own. \" Birchmeier would also write that some songs\u2014\"Eazy Duz It\", \"We Want Eazy\", \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", and \"Radio\"\u2014are all heavily produced and have \"layers upon layers of samples and beats competing with Eazy-E's rhymes for attention. \" Rapper and producer Kanye West also touted Dr. Dre's production on the album. Glen Boyd of Blogcritics said that the album has \"Deep-ass bass lines, old-school funk samples, and plenty of street smart ghetto attitude are what powers this record.\" Jerry Heller wrote that Eazy raps more up front on the album than he does on \"Straight Outta Compton\", and insists that the album's lyrics contain more sexual humor than gangsta vibe. The album's title track and lead single \"Eazy-Duz-It\", written by MC Ren, opens with a woman acclaiming Eazy-E's style. Eazy then interrupts saying \"Bitch shut the fuck up, get the fuck outta here. \" This is followed by a bass line provided by Dr. Dre. Soon, Eazy begins to rap about himself and things that he does. The song declares that Eazy is a \"hardcore villain\" who collects money from his prostitutes, and feels great when his \"pockets are fat. \" The chorus, repeated three times, states that he \"is a gangsta having fun\".", "We Want Eazy \"We Want Eazy\" is a song by West Coast American rapper Eazy-E. It was released as the third and final single from his debut album, Eazy-Duz-It. The song features fellow N.W.A members Dr. Dre and MC Ren and was produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. \"We Want Eazy\" also appears on his greatest hits, \"Eternal E\"; a 12-inch remix of this song was released as a single in 1989 and appeared on the rapper's posthumous compilation, \"Featuring... Eazy-E\". The song borrows heavily from the Bootsy's Rubber Band's 1977 song \"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!\". In exchange for the use of the sample, Bootsy Collins makes a cameo appearance with Eazy-E at the video's conclusion. The music video for \" We Want Eazy\", directed by J. Kevin Swain, was released in 1988. It begins with Eazy being chased by a LAPD officer and dropping his signature black baseball cap along the way. Eventually he is arrested and jailed, just hours before he is to perform at a concert. With the help of his cellmates (including Ice Cube who manages to appear in the crowd as well and MC Krazy Dee), Eazy is able to perform via a giant screen closed-circuit television connection \"live from the Compton jail\", while Dr. Dre and MC Ren share the role of hype man on stage. Near the end of the video, Eazy breaks out of his cell and through the screen, and joins his bandmates on stage for the concert's finale."], "answer": {"text": "Richard and Kathie Wright", "answer_start": 24}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Eazy-E have any siblings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["We Want Eazy \"We Want Eazy\" is a song by West Coast American rapper Eazy-E. It was released as the third and final single from his debut album, Eazy-Duz-It. The song features fellow N.W.A members Dr. Dre and MC Ren and was produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. \"We Want Eazy\" also appears on his greatest hits, \"Eternal E\"; a 12-inch remix of this song was released as a single in 1989 and appeared on the rapper's posthumous compilation, \"Featuring... Eazy-E\". The song borrows heavily from the Bootsy's Rubber Band's 1977 song \"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!\". In exchange for the use of the sample, Bootsy Collins makes a cameo appearance with Eazy-E at the video's conclusion. The music video for \" We Want Eazy\", directed by J. Kevin Swain, was released in 1988. It begins with Eazy being chased by a LAPD officer and dropping his signature black baseball cap along the way. Eventually he is arrested and jailed, just hours before he is to perform at a concert. With the help of his cellmates (including Ice Cube who manages to appear in the crowd as well and MC Krazy Dee), Eazy is able to perform via a giant screen closed-circuit television connection \"live from the Compton jail\", while Dr. Dre and MC Ren share the role of hype man on stage. Near the end of the video, Eazy breaks out of his cell and through the screen, and joins his bandmates on stage for the concert's finale.", "Lyrically Eazy-E questioned Dr. Dre's sexuality and credibility as a gangster for having worn androgynous clothing and makeup while a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru. On the track Eazy-E also ridiculed Dr. Dre for beating women, likely referencing Dr. Dre's 1991 assault of Dee Barnes. In the song's lyrics Eazy-E refers to the 1992 single \"Fuck wit Dre Day\" as \"Eazy's pay day\" as Dr. Dre's contract allowing him to move from Eazy-E's Ruthless to Suge Knight's Death Row Records granted Eazy-E retention of a portion of Dr. Dre's royalties. Snoop was also was dissed as an \u201canorexic rapper\u201d and \u201cweighs 60 pounds wet with boots on\u201d. Lastly, the track also contained a subtle diss to Death Row CEO Suge Knight, a known strongman with a well documented history of criminal intimidation and violence, whom Eazy-E calls \"Dr. Dre's sergeant\" and refers to Death Row Records as a \"boot camp\". The music video for \" Real Muthaphuckkin G's\" was written and directed by Eazy-E's longtime Ruthless Records film director Marty Thomas and shot in just two days, entirely in Compton, California. The music video begins with aerial helicopter footage of Compton landmarks, dissolving to a scene picturing lowriders, gangsters, and the metro Blue Line. During the music video Eazy-E raps \"all of a sudden Dr. Dre is the G thang; but on his old album covers he was a she-thang\", and an accompanying photograph of Dr. Dre is shown from his tenure with the World Class Wreckin' Cru.", "On March 3, 1987, he met Compton, California rapper Eazy-E, and the two became co-founders of Ruthless Records. Under the direction of Heller and Eazy, Ruthless had 6 RIAA-certified Platinum releases in three years: \"Supersonic\" (J. J. Fad), \"Eazy-Duz-It\" (Eazy-E), \"Straight Outta Compton\" (N.W.A), \"No One Can Do It Better\" (The D.O.C.), \"Michel'le\"'s self-titled debut, and \"Niggaz4Life\" (N.W.A). N.W.A broke up in 1991, with Ice Cube and Dr. Dre departing and aiming criticism at Heller and Eazy in diss tracks. However, Ice Cube's diss tracks only occurred after the remaining members of N.W.A. initiated things on the 1990 E.P. \"100 Miles and Runnin'\". Both Ice Cube and Dre accused Heller of breaking up N.W.A with the way he managed the group. Dr. Dre later recalled: \"The split came when Jerry Heller got involved. He played the divide and conquer game. Instead of taking care of everybody, he picked Eazy to handle it. And Eazy was like, 'I'm taken care of, so fuck it'. \" Ice Cube, in his diss track \"No Vaseline\", accused Eazy of being too much under Heller's influence and both of them exploiting the rest of the group: \"Eazy-E, MC Ren, Dr. Dre, and Yella\".", "Eazy-E discography The discography of Eazy-E, an American rapper from Compton, California, consists of two studio albums, three extended plays, two compilation albums, and ten singles. Eazy was also featured on the single \"Game Wreck-Oniz-Iz Game\" by Above the Law and \"Foe tha Love of $\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. His music has been released through record labels Ruthless Records, Priority Records, Relativity Records, and Epic Records. Five of his albums have been awarded a certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This discography includes music videos and collaborations as well as albums. Eazy-E's music career started in 1986 with the hip hop group N.W.A, where he would perform on all four of the studio albums. In 1988, before Ice Cube left N.W.A, Eazy released \"Eazy-Duz-It\" as his first solo effort. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became Eazy's most successful album, selling 2.5 million albums in the US by 1994. In 1992 it was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album's first single, \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", would go on to peak at number 84 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" was released in 1989 and only charted on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. \"We Want Eazy\" was also released in 1989 and charted on both the Hot Rap Tracks chart and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"\" was released on December 28, 1992 and peaked number 70 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic gave a considerable amount of attention to the album's production, saying that \"Dr. Dre and Yella meld together P-Funk, Def Jam-style hip hop, and the leftover electro sounds of mid-[19]80s Los Angeles, creating a dense, funky, and thoroughly unique style of their own. \" Birchmeier would also write that some songs\u2014\"Eazy Duz It\", \"We Want Eazy\", \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", and \"Radio\"\u2014are all heavily produced and have \"layers upon layers of samples and beats competing with Eazy-E's rhymes for attention. \" Rapper and producer Kanye West also touted Dr. Dre's production on the album. Glen Boyd of Blogcritics said that the album has \"Deep-ass bass lines, old-school funk samples, and plenty of street smart ghetto attitude are what powers this record.\" Jerry Heller wrote that Eazy raps more up front on the album than he does on \"Straight Outta Compton\", and insists that the album's lyrics contain more sexual humor than gangsta vibe. The album's title track and lead single \"Eazy-Duz-It\", written by MC Ren, opens with a woman acclaiming Eazy-E's style. Eazy then interrupts saying \"Bitch shut the fuck up, get the fuck outta here. \" This is followed by a bass line provided by Dr. Dre. Soon, Eazy begins to rap about himself and things that he does. The song declares that Eazy is a \"hardcore villain\" who collects money from his prostitutes, and feels great when his \"pockets are fat. \" The chorus, repeated three times, states that he \"is a gangsta having fun\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Richard and Kathie Wright", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#4", "question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about Eazy-E's education?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["We Want Eazy \"We Want Eazy\" is a song by West Coast American rapper Eazy-E. It was released as the third and final single from his debut album, Eazy-Duz-It. The song features fellow N.W.A members Dr. Dre and MC Ren and was produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. \"We Want Eazy\" also appears on his greatest hits, \"Eternal E\"; a 12-inch remix of this song was released as a single in 1989 and appeared on the rapper's posthumous compilation, \"Featuring... Eazy-E\". The song borrows heavily from the Bootsy's Rubber Band's 1977 song \"Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby!\". In exchange for the use of the sample, Bootsy Collins makes a cameo appearance with Eazy-E at the video's conclusion. The music video for \" We Want Eazy\", directed by J. Kevin Swain, was released in 1988. It begins with Eazy being chased by a LAPD officer and dropping his signature black baseball cap along the way. Eventually he is arrested and jailed, just hours before he is to perform at a concert. With the help of his cellmates (including Ice Cube who manages to appear in the crowd as well and MC Krazy Dee), Eazy is able to perform via a giant screen closed-circuit television connection \"live from the Compton jail\", while Dr. Dre and MC Ren share the role of hype man on stage. Near the end of the video, Eazy breaks out of his cell and through the screen, and joins his bandmates on stage for the concert's finale.", "Eazy-E discography The discography of Eazy-E, an American rapper from Compton, California, consists of two studio albums, three extended plays, two compilation albums, and ten singles. Eazy was also featured on the single \"Game Wreck-Oniz-Iz Game\" by Above the Law and \"Foe tha Love of $\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. His music has been released through record labels Ruthless Records, Priority Records, Relativity Records, and Epic Records. Five of his albums have been awarded a certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This discography includes music videos and collaborations as well as albums. Eazy-E's music career started in 1986 with the hip hop group N.W.A, where he would perform on all four of the studio albums. In 1988, before Ice Cube left N.W.A, Eazy released \"Eazy-Duz-It\" as his first solo effort. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became Eazy's most successful album, selling 2.5 million albums in the US by 1994. In 1992 it was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album's first single, \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", would go on to peak at number 84 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" was released in 1989 and only charted on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. \"We Want Eazy\" was also released in 1989 and charted on both the Hot Rap Tracks chart and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"\" was released on December 28, 1992 and peaked number 70 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic gave a considerable amount of attention to the album's production, saying that \"Dr. Dre and Yella meld together P-Funk, Def Jam-style hip hop, and the leftover electro sounds of mid-[19]80s Los Angeles, creating a dense, funky, and thoroughly unique style of their own. \" Birchmeier would also write that some songs\u2014\"Eazy Duz It\", \"We Want Eazy\", \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", and \"Radio\"\u2014are all heavily produced and have \"layers upon layers of samples and beats competing with Eazy-E's rhymes for attention. \" Rapper and producer Kanye West also touted Dr. Dre's production on the album. Glen Boyd of Blogcritics said that the album has \"Deep-ass bass lines, old-school funk samples, and plenty of street smart ghetto attitude are what powers this record.\" Jerry Heller wrote that Eazy raps more up front on the album than he does on \"Straight Outta Compton\", and insists that the album's lyrics contain more sexual humor than gangsta vibe. The album's title track and lead single \"Eazy-Duz-It\", written by MC Ren, opens with a woman acclaiming Eazy-E's style. Eazy then interrupts saying \"Bitch shut the fuck up, get the fuck outta here. \" This is followed by a bass line provided by Dr. Dre. Soon, Eazy begins to rap about himself and things that he does. The song declares that Eazy is a \"hardcore villain\" who collects money from his prostitutes, and feels great when his \"pockets are fat. \" The chorus, repeated three times, states that he \"is a gangsta having fun\".", "Tweedy Bird Loc Richard Johnson (born August 4, 1967), better known by his stage name Tweedy Bird Loc, is an American rapper from Compton, California. Johnson and producer Ronnie M. Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between members of the California-based Bloods and Crips street gangs. Johnson is a Crip himself, affiliated with the Kelly Park Compton set. Tweedy Bird Loc and Eazy-E were friends who grew up in the same neighborhood. When Eazy-E became a gangsta rap pioneer with N.W.A and Ruthless Records, Tweedy Bird Loc had started working a project called \"Bangin' On Wax\". Tweedy Bird sent some demos to Eazy-E and asked if he could be signed to Ruthless Records. Eazy said it was too difficult to make this decision. Angered, Tweedy Bird Loc formed Dangerous Records with producer Ronnie Phillips. In 1995, shortly before Eazy's death, the two made peace. Tweedy Bird Loc, with the help of Ronnie Phillips, began recording his solo debut album \"187 Ride By\" in 1992. He was still beefing with Eazy-E at the time; when Tweedy Bird Loc overheard Eazy on an interview saying that he won't sign Tweedy Bird Loc to Ruthless, Tweedy felt very disrespected so he and his fellow rappers Big D Mark, Nini X and Notorious Joe wrote a vicious diss track aimed at Eazy and his manager Jerry Heller, and his protegee Kokane titled \"Hoe is a Bitch\" in which he attacks and criticizes Eazy of selling out, being sexist towards women, and from Tweed's point of view, brown-nosing his manager Jerry Heller for fame.", "Lyrically Eazy-E questioned Dr. Dre's sexuality and credibility as a gangster for having worn androgynous clothing and makeup while a member of the World Class Wreckin' Cru. On the track Eazy-E also ridiculed Dr. Dre for beating women, likely referencing Dr. Dre's 1991 assault of Dee Barnes. In the song's lyrics Eazy-E refers to the 1992 single \"Fuck wit Dre Day\" as \"Eazy's pay day\" as Dr. Dre's contract allowing him to move from Eazy-E's Ruthless to Suge Knight's Death Row Records granted Eazy-E retention of a portion of Dr. Dre's royalties. Snoop was also was dissed as an \u201canorexic rapper\u201d and \u201cweighs 60 pounds wet with boots on\u201d. Lastly, the track also contained a subtle diss to Death Row CEO Suge Knight, a known strongman with a well documented history of criminal intimidation and violence, whom Eazy-E calls \"Dr. Dre's sergeant\" and refers to Death Row Records as a \"boot camp\". The music video for \" Real Muthaphuckkin G's\" was written and directed by Eazy-E's longtime Ruthless Records film director Marty Thomas and shot in just two days, entirely in Compton, California. The music video begins with aerial helicopter footage of Compton landmarks, dissolving to a scene picturing lowriders, gangsters, and the metro Blue Line. During the music video Eazy-E raps \"all of a sudden Dr. Dre is the G thang; but on his old album covers he was a she-thang\", and an accompanying photograph of Dr. Dre is shown from his tenure with the World Class Wreckin' Cru."], "answer": {"text": "Wright dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but later received a high-school general equivalency diploma (GED).", "answer_start": 236}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Richard and Kathie Wright", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#5", "question": "What got him into rap music?", "rewrite": "What got Eazy-E into rap music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Misogyny in rap music Misogyny in rap music refers to lyrics, videos or other aspects of rap music that support, glorify, justify, or normalize the objectification, exploitation, or victimization of women. It can range from innuendoes to stereotypical characterizations and defamations. Scholars have proposed various explanations for the presence of misogyny in rap music. Some have argued that rap artists use misogynistic lyrics and portrayals of women as a way to assert their masculinity or to demonstrate their authenticity as rappers. Others have suggested that rap music is a product of its environment, reflecting mainstream attitudes toward women, and that rap artists have internalized negative stereotypes about women. Still other academics have stressed economic considerations, arguing that rappers use misogyny to achieve commercial success. Content analyses have found that approximately 22% to 37% of rap lyrics contain some misogyny, depending on subgenre. Individual artists have been shown to use such lyrics more or less frequently. Detroit-based rapper Eminem, for example, used misogyny in eleven of the 14 songs on his third studio album \"The Marshall Mathers LP\" (2000). Common misogynistic themes include the use of derogatory names such as \"bitch\" and \"ho\", sexual objectification of women, legitimization of violence against women, distrust of women, the belittling of sex workers and glorification of pimping. In a study of the images of African American women in rap music videos, three stereotypes were revealed: Jezebel, Sapphire, and Mammy/\"Baby Mama\". \" Based on these three stereotypes, the videos present African American women as greedy, dishonest, sex objects, with no respect for themselves or others, including the children under their care.", "Eazy-Duz- It Eazy-Duz -It is the debut studio album by American hip hop artist Eazy-E, released on September 13, 1988, by Ruthless Records and Priority Records. The album charted on two different charts and went Double Platinum in the United States despite very little promotion by radio and television. Three singles were released from the album, each charting in the US. The remastered version contains the 1992 EP \"\". The 25th anniversary (2013) contains 2 bonus tracks, a 12\" remix of \"We Want Eazy\" and a 12\" remix of \"Still Talkin'\". \"Eazy-Duz-It\" is the only full-length solo album Eazy-E released in his lifetime; for the remaining seven years of his life, he would continue recording with N.W.A until their break up in 1991, release 2 solo EPs and continue running his label Ruthless. His second and last solo album, \"Str8 off tha Streetz of Muthaphukkin Compton\" (1996), was not released until roughly a year after his death. \"Eazy-Duz-It\" was recorded at Audio Achievements in Torrance, California in 1988. Marcus Reeves, author of \"Somebody Scream!: Rap Music's Rise to Prominence in the Aftershock of Black Power\" (2009) , described MC Ren's writing style as \"elaborate storytelling and acrobatic verbiage\", while the D.O.C.'s included \"syllabically punchy boasts\" and Ice Cube wrote, \"masterfully insightful first-person narratives. \" Ice Cube's writing was often inspired by comedians like Richard Pryor and Rudy Ray Moore. The album's production, almost solely done by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella, was praised by several critics.", "Therefore, the way black woman are conveyed in hip hop is widely influenced by white supervised corporations rather than hip hop artists alone. In the study, \"Implicit and Explicit Consequences of Exposure to Violent and Misogynous Rap Music\", researchers Rudman and Lee explored the consequences of rap music on everyday life and how it affected individuals thoughts and actions in regards to black people. The researchers begin by stating information conducted by previous research that explained, \"subjects exposed to violent rap music were less likely to hire a Black applicant for a job that required intelligence (whereas a White applicant was not discriminated against), suggesting that priming one aspect of the Black stereotype (violent) increases the accessibility of related stereotypic traits\" (unintelligent; Macrae, Stangor, & Milne, 1994). With this previous research, Rudman and Lee wanted to provide information on how our actions are primed because of hostile rap music. They did so by exposing their subjects to either rap or popular mainstream music and then provided them with a questionnaire that assessed how they explicitly and implicitly viewed Black men. The researchers hypothesized that, \"Because we predicted that violent and misogynistic rap music would temporarily activate associations between Black men and negative attributes (e.g. hostile, violent, sexist), while simultaneously deactivating associations between Black men and positive attributes (e.g. calm, lawful, trustworthy) we used these attributes in our stereotype IAT\" (Rudman, Lee). Rudman and Lee then completed an experiment on 30 men that \"tested the assumption that violent and misogynistic rap music would activate automatic Black stereotypes in high and low prejudiced subjects alike (Devine, 1989). Subjects were exposed to either rap or popular music and their stereotypes regarding Black men were then assessed, both implicitly and explicitly.", "Eazy-E discography The discography of Eazy-E, an American rapper from Compton, California, consists of two studio albums, three extended plays, two compilation albums, and ten singles. Eazy was also featured on the single \"Game Wreck-Oniz-Iz Game\" by Above the Law and \"Foe tha Love of $\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. His music has been released through record labels Ruthless Records, Priority Records, Relativity Records, and Epic Records. Five of his albums have been awarded a certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This discography includes music videos and collaborations as well as albums. Eazy-E's music career started in 1986 with the hip hop group N.W.A, where he would perform on all four of the studio albums. In 1988, before Ice Cube left N.W.A, Eazy released \"Eazy-Duz-It\" as his first solo effort. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became Eazy's most successful album, selling 2.5 million albums in the US by 1994. In 1992 it was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album's first single, \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", would go on to peak at number 84 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" was released in 1989 and only charted on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. \"We Want Eazy\" was also released in 1989 and charted on both the Hot Rap Tracks chart and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"\" was released on December 28, 1992 and peaked number 70 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Jason Birchmeier from Allmusic gave a considerable amount of attention to the album's production, saying that \"Dr. Dre and Yella meld together P-Funk, Def Jam-style hip hop, and the leftover electro sounds of mid-[19]80s Los Angeles, creating a dense, funky, and thoroughly unique style of their own. \" Birchmeier would also write that some songs\u2014\"Eazy Duz It\", \"We Want Eazy\", \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", and \"Radio\"\u2014are all heavily produced and have \"layers upon layers of samples and beats competing with Eazy-E's rhymes for attention. \" Rapper and producer Kanye West also touted Dr. Dre's production on the album. Glen Boyd of Blogcritics said that the album has \"Deep-ass bass lines, old-school funk samples, and plenty of street smart ghetto attitude are what powers this record.\" Jerry Heller wrote that Eazy raps more up front on the album than he does on \"Straight Outta Compton\", and insists that the album's lyrics contain more sexual humor than gangsta vibe. The album's title track and lead single \"Eazy-Duz-It\", written by MC Ren, opens with a woman acclaiming Eazy-E's style. Eazy then interrupts saying \"Bitch shut the fuck up, get the fuck outta here. \" This is followed by a bass line provided by Dr. Dre. Soon, Eazy begins to rap about himself and things that he does. The song declares that Eazy is a \"hardcore villain\" who collects money from his prostitutes, and feels great when his \"pockets are fat. \" The chorus, repeated three times, states that he \"is a gangsta having fun\"."], "answer": {"text": "living in the Los Angeles hip hop scene, which was growing rapidly in popularity.", "answer_start": 1242}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Richard and Kathie Wright", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Wright dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but later received a high-school general equivalency diploma (GED).", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#6", "question": "Did he record any albums or singles with Ruthless Records?", "rewrite": "Did Eazy-E record any albums or singles with Ruthless Records?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tweedy Bird Loc Richard Johnson (born August 4, 1967), better known by his stage name Tweedy Bird Loc, is an American rapper from Compton, California. Johnson and producer Ronnie M. Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between members of the California-based Bloods and Crips street gangs. Johnson is a Crip himself, affiliated with the Kelly Park Compton set. Tweedy Bird Loc and Eazy-E were friends who grew up in the same neighborhood. When Eazy-E became a gangsta rap pioneer with N.W.A and Ruthless Records, Tweedy Bird Loc had started working a project called \"Bangin' On Wax\". Tweedy Bird sent some demos to Eazy-E and asked if he could be signed to Ruthless Records. Eazy said it was too difficult to make this decision. Angered, Tweedy Bird Loc formed Dangerous Records with producer Ronnie Phillips. In 1995, shortly before Eazy's death, the two made peace. Tweedy Bird Loc, with the help of Ronnie Phillips, began recording his solo debut album \"187 Ride By\" in 1992. He was still beefing with Eazy-E at the time; when Tweedy Bird Loc overheard Eazy on an interview saying that he won't sign Tweedy Bird Loc to Ruthless, Tweedy felt very disrespected so he and his fellow rappers Big D Mark, Nini X and Notorious Joe wrote a vicious diss track aimed at Eazy and his manager Jerry Heller, and his protegee Kokane titled \"Hoe is a Bitch\" in which he attacks and criticizes Eazy of selling out, being sexist towards women, and from Tweed's point of view, brown-nosing his manager Jerry Heller for fame.", "Kokane Jerry Buddy Long Jr. (born March 10, 1969), better known by his stage name Kokane, is an American recording artist best known for his distinctive vocal style and numerous guest appearances, such as on Snoop Dogg's \"Tha Last Meal\". Long Jr. was born on March 10, 1969, in the Bronx, New York City, the son of Motown composer Jerry B. Long Sr. and singer Debra Long. His family soon relocated to Pomona, California, where he would grow up surrounded by his father's work. He started his career at Eazy-E's Ruthless Records in 1989, co-writing songs for N.W.A and Above the Law, before releasing his first album, \"Addictive Hip Hop Muzick\", in 1991. He began his career as a vocalist in the mid-1980s before eventually signing to Eazy-E's Ruthless Records label in late 1989. His debut album, \"Addictive Hip Hop Muzick\", was released in 1991, on which he was credited as \"Who Am I?\" to avoid infringing on laws which forbade the use of his usual moniker. His first solo single, \"Nickel Slick Nigga\", appeared on the \"Deep Cover\" soundtrack. In addition to co-writing \"Appetite for Destruction\" for N.W.A's \"Niggaz4life\", Long also contributed to other West Coast gangsta rap albums such as Above the Law's \"Black Mafia Life\". For his second album, 1994's \"Funk Upon a Rhyme\", Long drastically changed his style, incorporating a great deal of singing and an eccentric form of G-funk. He would leave Ruthless Records shortly after Eazy-E's death in 1995.", "Atban Klann  A.T.B.A.N Klann \"( A Tribe Beyond a Nation)\" was a hip hop group whose members were Will 1X, apl.de.ap, Mookie Mook, DJ Motiv8 (a.k.a. Monroe Walker), and Dante Santiago. The Atban Klann were signed to Eazy-E's Ruthless Records. Will 1X (who later changed his stage name to will.i.am) and apl.de.ap were first signed by Eazy-E when they were in high school and would later become members of The Black Eyed Peas. The group was signed to Ruthless Records in 1992 and made their debut on Eazy-E's EP, \"\" on the track entitled \"Merry Muthaphuckkin' Xmas\". Soon after, the duo recorded their debut album, \"Grass Roots\" which was to be released on October 6, 1994; however, the album was shelved shortly before its release. The duo would stay with Ruthless until they were dropped from the label after Eazy-E's death in 1995. Will 1X would change his name to will.i.am and the Atban Klann would add Taboo and later Fergie and become the Grammy award winning band, The Black Eyed Peas. \"Grass Roots\" was planned to be released on October 6, 1994 for Ruthless Records, distributed by Relativity Records and featured production from the mentor of Will 1X who is DJ Motiv8; however, the album was put on hold. Two years later, the group released the first single from the album, \"Puddles of H2O\", but the album was still not released.", "Ruthless Records Ruthless is an American record label, founded by Eric \"Eazy-E\" Wright and Jerry Heller. The record label was founded in Compton, California in 1987. Ruthless Records since its inception has been a subsidiary of Parent company Comptown Records, Inc. All Ruthless Records trademarks are also owned by Comptown Records Inc. The label's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of its released albums, including releases by N.W.A, Eazy-E, MC Ren, The D.O.C., Michel'le, J.J.Fad, and Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony. Ruthless was formed as a vehicle for releases by N.W.A, as well as member and cofounder Eric \"Eazy-E\" Wright; its first successful single was Eazy's \"Boyz-n-the-Hood\", followed by N.W.A's \"Dopeman\", \"8-Ball\" and \"Panic Zone\", introductory to the group's \"N.W.A. and the Posse\", a compilation album released under the group's name, albeit not on Ruthless. It also put out singles by underground California acts such as Frost and J.J. Fad, but the label's 1st full-length release was N.W.A's \"Straight Outta Compton\", which was eventually certified Triple Platinum by the RIAA. Immediately following this was the release of Eazy's solo debut, \"Eazy-Duz-It\". As the six members went on tour in support of their project, some began to voice their displeasure with the financial situation at Ruthless. According to group member MC Ren, it was a common opinion that N.W.A manager and Ruthless co-founder Jerry Heller was the one receiving their due:", "Eazy-E discography The discography of Eazy-E, an American rapper from Compton, California, consists of two studio albums, three extended plays, two compilation albums, and ten singles. Eazy was also featured on the single \"Game Wreck-Oniz-Iz Game\" by Above the Law and \"Foe tha Love of $\" by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. His music has been released through record labels Ruthless Records, Priority Records, Relativity Records, and Epic Records. Five of his albums have been awarded a certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). This discography includes music videos and collaborations as well as albums. Eazy-E's music career started in 1986 with the hip hop group N.W.A, where he would perform on all four of the studio albums. In 1988, before Ice Cube left N.W.A, Eazy released \"Eazy-Duz-It\" as his first solo effort. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" peaked at number 41 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became Eazy's most successful album, selling 2.5 million albums in the US by 1994. In 1992 it was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album's first single, \"Eazy-er Said Than Dunn\", would go on to peak at number 84 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. \" Eazy-Duz-It\" was released in 1989 and only charted on the Hot Dance Singles Sales chart. \"We Want Eazy\" was also released in 1989 and charted on both the Hot Rap Tracks chart and the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. \"\" was released on December 28, 1992 and peaked number 70 on the \"Billboard\" 200."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Richard and Kathie Wright", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Wright dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but later received a high-school general equivalency diploma (GED).", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What got him into rap music?", "answer": {"text": "living in the Los Angeles hip hop scene, which was growing rapidly in popularity.", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#7", "question": "What was his Ruthless Records investment about?", "rewrite": "What was Eazy-E's Ruthless Records investment about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tweedy Bird Loc Richard Johnson (born August 4, 1967), better known by his stage name Tweedy Bird Loc, is an American rapper from Compton, California. Johnson and producer Ronnie M. Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between members of the California-based Bloods and Crips street gangs. Johnson is a Crip himself, affiliated with the Kelly Park Compton set. Tweedy Bird Loc and Eazy-E were friends who grew up in the same neighborhood. When Eazy-E became a gangsta rap pioneer with N.W.A and Ruthless Records, Tweedy Bird Loc had started working a project called \"Bangin' On Wax\". Tweedy Bird sent some demos to Eazy-E and asked if he could be signed to Ruthless Records. Eazy said it was too difficult to make this decision. Angered, Tweedy Bird Loc formed Dangerous Records with producer Ronnie Phillips. In 1995, shortly before Eazy's death, the two made peace. Tweedy Bird Loc, with the help of Ronnie Phillips, began recording his solo debut album \"187 Ride By\" in 1992. He was still beefing with Eazy-E at the time; when Tweedy Bird Loc overheard Eazy on an interview saying that he won't sign Tweedy Bird Loc to Ruthless, Tweedy felt very disrespected so he and his fellow rappers Big D Mark, Nini X and Notorious Joe wrote a vicious diss track aimed at Eazy and his manager Jerry Heller, and his protegee Kokane titled \"Hoe is a Bitch\" in which he attacks and criticizes Eazy of selling out, being sexist towards women, and from Tweed's point of view, brown-nosing his manager Jerry Heller for fame.", "My Black Azz EP. Bobcat produced the entire EP except 1 song, Hound Dogz. The EP went Platinum and was an instant success and out sold every rap EP at the time. While mixing down Mc Rens EP, Bobcat began working on Eazy-E's EP 5150. Bobcat was one of the last producers to physically work with Eazy-E before his death. Bobcat was assigned by Eric Eazy-E Wright as the in-house producer for Ruthless Records and signed an agreement to Produce all of the acts Ruthless Records had signed including, Eazy-E, Mc Ren, HWA & Bone Thugs-N-Harmony. Bobcat Recorded several songs for Eazy-E before he died, and most of them were later released on the Str8 Off Tha Streetz Album. Bobcat is the only producer besides Dr. Dre that has worked with all of the members of N.W.A producing Eazy-E's last album, \"Str8 Off Tha Streetz Of Compton\" and also MC Ren's EP, \"Kizz My Black Azz\" that was the first EP in history to go Platinum! With all of the success Ice Cube was enjoying from the now classic Death Certificate Album, Ice Cube asked Bobcat to come and work on his next album later entitled \"The Predator\", Bobcat produced the classic \u201d When Will They Shoot?\u201d And also did scratching on the album. The album went double platinum it's still selling and is a huge success worldwide. While working the Predator at Echo Sound in Glendale, Bobcat and DJ Pooh began working on a young up and coming West Coast Artist name Threat a Member of Bobcat's notorious Microphone Mafia unit.", "Ruthless Records Ruthless is an American record label, founded by Eric \"Eazy-E\" Wright and Jerry Heller. The record label was founded in Compton, California in 1987. Ruthless Records since its inception has been a subsidiary of Parent company Comptown Records, Inc. All Ruthless Records trademarks are also owned by Comptown Records Inc. The label's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of its released albums, including releases by N.W.A, Eazy-E, MC Ren, The D.O.C., Michel'le, J.J.Fad, and Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony. Ruthless was formed as a vehicle for releases by N.W.A, as well as member and cofounder Eric \"Eazy-E\" Wright; its first successful single was Eazy's \"Boyz-n-the-Hood\", followed by N.W.A's \"Dopeman\", \"8-Ball\" and \"Panic Zone\", introductory to the group's \"N.W.A. and the Posse\", a compilation album released under the group's name, albeit not on Ruthless. It also put out singles by underground California acts such as Frost and J.J. Fad, but the label's 1st full-length release was N.W.A's \"Straight Outta Compton\", which was eventually certified Triple Platinum by the RIAA. Immediately following this was the release of Eazy's solo debut, \"Eazy-Duz-It\". As the six members went on tour in support of their project, some began to voice their displeasure with the financial situation at Ruthless. According to group member MC Ren, it was a common opinion that N.W.A manager and Ruthless co-founder Jerry Heller was the one receiving their due:", "Atban Klann  A.T.B.A.N Klann \"( A Tribe Beyond a Nation)\" was a hip hop group whose members were Will 1X, apl.de.ap, Mookie Mook, DJ Motiv8 (a.k.a. Monroe Walker), and Dante Santiago. The Atban Klann were signed to Eazy-E's Ruthless Records. Will 1X (who later changed his stage name to will.i.am) and apl.de.ap were first signed by Eazy-E when they were in high school and would later become members of The Black Eyed Peas. The group was signed to Ruthless Records in 1992 and made their debut on Eazy-E's EP, \"\" on the track entitled \"Merry Muthaphuckkin' Xmas\". Soon after, the duo recorded their debut album, \"Grass Roots\" which was to be released on October 6, 1994; however, the album was shelved shortly before its release. The duo would stay with Ruthless until they were dropped from the label after Eazy-E's death in 1995. Will 1X would change his name to will.i.am and the Atban Klann would add Taboo and later Fergie and become the Grammy award winning band, The Black Eyed Peas. \"Grass Roots\" was planned to be released on October 6, 1994 for Ruthless Records, distributed by Relativity Records and featured production from the mentor of Will 1X who is DJ Motiv8; however, the album was put on hold. Two years later, the group released the first single from the album, \"Puddles of H2O\", but the album was still not released.", "Due to the story that was taken out of context, the artist backed off from the deal and stated he is and always will be \"Ruthless Records For Life\" Due to poor management from his A&R and management team, and being shelved by the labels he was signed to because of it, Lil Eazy E announced in the summer of 2012 that he would be releasing all ties with his past management team and the Kings of L.A. label he had been in a partnership with. He has since become his own manager and CEO of the production company NWA Entertainment and new partners. He also manages a group called Compton MoneyGang which consists of his brother, Derrek \"E3\" Wright, and his cousins, nephews of Eazy-E. On March 20, 2013, he was performing at a club in Chicago when he announced that although he is already working in the executive side of Ruthless Records and has been on and off since 2007, he along with his brother Derrek will in fact be signed to Ruthless Records, along with his stepmother and current owner of Ruthless Records, Tomica Woods-Wright."], "answer": {"text": "Heller claims that he invested the first $250,000, and would eventually put up to $1,000,000 into the company.", "answer_start": 276}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Richard and Kathie Wright", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Wright dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but later received a high-school general equivalency diploma (GED).", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What got him into rap music?", "answer": {"text": "living in the Los Angeles hip hop scene, which was growing rapidly in popularity.", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he record any albums or singles with Ruthless Records?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6581f7c0c005464dbb23e73619cd115b_1_q#8", "question": "How did the investment turn out?", "rewrite": "How did Eazy-E's Ruthless Records investmentt turn out?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Due to the story that was taken out of context, the artist backed off from the deal and stated he is and always will be \"Ruthless Records For Life\" Due to poor management from his A&R and management team, and being shelved by the labels he was signed to because of it, Lil Eazy E announced in the summer of 2012 that he would be releasing all ties with his past management team and the Kings of L.A. label he had been in a partnership with. He has since become his own manager and CEO of the production company NWA Entertainment and new partners. He also manages a group called Compton MoneyGang which consists of his brother, Derrek \"E3\" Wright, and his cousins, nephews of Eazy-E. On March 20, 2013, he was performing at a club in Chicago when he announced that although he is already working in the executive side of Ruthless Records and has been on and off since 2007, he along with his brother Derrek will in fact be signed to Ruthless Records, along with his stepmother and current owner of Ruthless Records, Tomica Woods-Wright.", "My Black Azz EP. Bobcat produced the entire EP except 1 song, Hound Dogz. The EP went Platinum and was an instant success and out sold every rap EP at the time. While mixing down Mc Rens EP, Bobcat began working on Eazy-E's EP 5150. Bobcat was one of the last producers to physically work with Eazy-E before his death. Bobcat was assigned by Eric Eazy-E Wright as the in-house producer for Ruthless Records and signed an agreement to Produce all of the acts Ruthless Records had signed including, Eazy-E, Mc Ren, HWA & Bone Thugs-N-Harmony. Bobcat Recorded several songs for Eazy-E before he died, and most of them were later released on the Str8 Off Tha Streetz Album. Bobcat is the only producer besides Dr. Dre that has worked with all of the members of N.W.A producing Eazy-E's last album, \"Str8 Off Tha Streetz Of Compton\" and also MC Ren's EP, \"Kizz My Black Azz\" that was the first EP in history to go Platinum! With all of the success Ice Cube was enjoying from the now classic Death Certificate Album, Ice Cube asked Bobcat to come and work on his next album later entitled \"The Predator\", Bobcat produced the classic \u201d When Will They Shoot?\u201d And also did scratching on the album. The album went double platinum it's still selling and is a huge success worldwide. While working the Predator at Echo Sound in Glendale, Bobcat and DJ Pooh began working on a young up and coming West Coast Artist name Threat a Member of Bobcat's notorious Microphone Mafia unit.", "Atban Klann  A.T.B.A.N Klann \"( A Tribe Beyond a Nation)\" was a hip hop group whose members were Will 1X, apl.de.ap, Mookie Mook, DJ Motiv8 (a.k.a. Monroe Walker), and Dante Santiago. The Atban Klann were signed to Eazy-E's Ruthless Records. Will 1X (who later changed his stage name to will.i.am) and apl.de.ap were first signed by Eazy-E when they were in high school and would later become members of The Black Eyed Peas. The group was signed to Ruthless Records in 1992 and made their debut on Eazy-E's EP, \"\" on the track entitled \"Merry Muthaphuckkin' Xmas\". Soon after, the duo recorded their debut album, \"Grass Roots\" which was to be released on October 6, 1994; however, the album was shelved shortly before its release. The duo would stay with Ruthless until they were dropped from the label after Eazy-E's death in 1995. Will 1X would change his name to will.i.am and the Atban Klann would add Taboo and later Fergie and become the Grammy award winning band, The Black Eyed Peas. \"Grass Roots\" was planned to be released on October 6, 1994 for Ruthless Records, distributed by Relativity Records and featured production from the mentor of Will 1X who is DJ Motiv8; however, the album was put on hold. Two years later, the group released the first single from the album, \"Puddles of H2O\", but the album was still not released.", "Tweedy Bird Loc Richard Johnson (born August 4, 1967), better known by his stage name Tweedy Bird Loc, is an American rapper from Compton, California. Johnson and producer Ronnie M. Phillips organized the hip hop project Bloods & Crips, a collaboration between members of the California-based Bloods and Crips street gangs. Johnson is a Crip himself, affiliated with the Kelly Park Compton set. Tweedy Bird Loc and Eazy-E were friends who grew up in the same neighborhood. When Eazy-E became a gangsta rap pioneer with N.W.A and Ruthless Records, Tweedy Bird Loc had started working a project called \"Bangin' On Wax\". Tweedy Bird sent some demos to Eazy-E and asked if he could be signed to Ruthless Records. Eazy said it was too difficult to make this decision. Angered, Tweedy Bird Loc formed Dangerous Records with producer Ronnie Phillips. In 1995, shortly before Eazy's death, the two made peace. Tweedy Bird Loc, with the help of Ronnie Phillips, began recording his solo debut album \"187 Ride By\" in 1992. He was still beefing with Eazy-E at the time; when Tweedy Bird Loc overheard Eazy on an interview saying that he won't sign Tweedy Bird Loc to Ruthless, Tweedy felt very disrespected so he and his fellow rappers Big D Mark, Nini X and Notorious Joe wrote a vicious diss track aimed at Eazy and his manager Jerry Heller, and his protegee Kokane titled \"Hoe is a Bitch\" in which he attacks and criticizes Eazy of selling out, being sexist towards women, and from Tweed's point of view, brown-nosing his manager Jerry Heller for fame.", "Ruthless Records Ruthless is an American record label, founded by Eric \"Eazy-E\" Wright and Jerry Heller. The record label was founded in Compton, California in 1987. Ruthless Records since its inception has been a subsidiary of Parent company Comptown Records, Inc. All Ruthless Records trademarks are also owned by Comptown Records Inc. The label's acts over the years have earned RIAA certifications of its released albums, including releases by N.W.A, Eazy-E, MC Ren, The D.O.C., Michel'le, J.J.Fad, and Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony. Ruthless was formed as a vehicle for releases by N.W.A, as well as member and cofounder Eric \"Eazy-E\" Wright; its first successful single was Eazy's \"Boyz-n-the-Hood\", followed by N.W.A's \"Dopeman\", \"8-Ball\" and \"Panic Zone\", introductory to the group's \"N.W.A. and the Posse\", a compilation album released under the group's name, albeit not on Ruthless. It also put out singles by underground California acts such as Frost and J.J. Fad, but the label's 1st full-length release was N.W.A's \"Straight Outta Compton\", which was eventually certified Triple Platinum by the RIAA. Immediately following this was the release of Eazy's solo debut, \"Eazy-Duz-It\". As the six members went on tour in support of their project, some began to voice their displeasure with the financial situation at Ruthless. According to group member MC Ren, it was a common opinion that N.W.A manager and Ruthless co-founder Jerry Heller was the one receiving their due:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Eazy-E born?", "answer": {"text": "September 7, 1963,", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Compton, California,", "answer_start": 75, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Richard and Kathie Wright", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Wright dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but later received a high-school general equivalency diploma (GED).", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What got him into rap music?", "answer": {"text": "living in the Los Angeles hip hop scene, which was growing rapidly in popularity.", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he record any albums or singles with Ruthless Records?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his Ruthless Records investment about?", "answer": {"text": "Heller claims that he invested the first $250,000, and would eventually put up to $1,000,000 into the company.", "answer_start": 276, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2841d1fd68a4bc6ab19b05947755b9c_1_q#0", "question": "When did Ramzan Kadyrov become Deputy Prime Minister?", "rewrite": "When did Ramzan Kadyrov become Deputy Prime Minister?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kadyrovtsy The Kadyrovtsy (, lit. \" Kadyrov's followers\"), also known in English as the Kadyrovites, is a paramilitary organization in Chechnya, Russia, that serve as the protection of the Head of the Chechen Republic. The term \"Kadyrovtsy\" is commonly used in Chechnya to refer to any armed Chechen men under the control of President Ramzan Kadyrov. The Kadyrovtsy originated in 1994 as a Chechen separatist militia under Akhmad Kadyrov, and fought against the Russian Armed Forces for the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in the First Chechen War. Kadyrov defected to the Russian side in the Second Chechen War in 1999, and the Kadyrovtsy began fighting separatists and jihadists during the \"Guerilla phase\" as a \"de facto\" unit of the state police after he was appointed Chechen President in July 2000. Kadyrov was assassinated in 2004, and control of the militia was inherited by his son, Ramzan Kadyrov. In 2006, the Kadyrovtsy was legalized as a motorized regiment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and when Kadyrov was elected Chechen President in 2007 its current official role as a personal protective service was established. The Kadyrovtsy has been criticized of being Ramzan Kadyrov's private army, and is accused of committing widespread human rights abuses such as kidnapping, forced disappearances, torture and murder. Critics claim the Kadyrovtsy use extrajudicial punishment to cement Kadyrov's autocratic rule, and now surpass jihadist insurgents as the most feared organization among Chechnya's civilian population.", "The killing of Sheikh Abdul Halim was trumpeted by leaders of the Russian-backed official government of the province, claiming that the separatist forces there had been dealt a \"decapitating\" blow \"from which they will never recover. \" The next day, June 18, Sadulayev was succeeded as head of the Chechen resistance by the rebel vice-president and an active guerilla commander Dokka Umarov. The \"Goretz\" (Mountaineer) detachment of the Kadyrovtsy was a spetsnaz unit of the FSB headed Movladi Baisarov, the close ally and chief bodyguard to Akhmad Kadyrov, but was formally disbanded and its servicemen were to be reassigned to the Chechen Interior Ministry. After Akhmad Kadyrov's death, conflict with Ramzan Kadyrov led to Baisarov being declared an outlaw, and many men in the detachment refused the reassignment. \" The Guardian\" in June 2006 detailed a showdown between Kadyrov's and Baisarov's forces that had taken place the previous month. The Kadyrovtsy ended up backing down in that confrontation when another Chechen warlord, Said-Magomed Kakiev, head of the Spetsnaz GRU unit the Special Battalion \"Zapad\", came down on Baisarov's side. Baisarov went to Moscow and appeared in the Russian media saying that Ramzan Kadyrov was trying to hunt him down to get rid of possible competition. He accused Kadyrov of directing numerous political murders and kidnappings. At the same time, he told \"Kommersant\" that he was not hiding from anyone in Moscow and was expecting to return to Chechnya soon to become the Deputy Prime Minister in charge of law enforcement.", "Umar Israilov Umar S. Israilov (c. 1982 \u2013 January 13, 2009) was a former bodyguard of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov who became a critic of the Chechen government. He was shot and killed in exile in Vienna, Austria on January 13, 2009. Israilov fought against Russian forces during the Second Chechen War, but was captured in 2003. He began serving as Ramzan Kadyrov\u2019s bodyguard in a militia that was led by Ramzan Kadyrov's father, then Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov. Israilov claimed to have witnessed killings, torture, and other crimes by Kadyrovites including Ramzan Kadyrov and Adam Delimkhanov, who went on to serve in the Russian Parliament. In 2006 Israilov and his father, Sharpuddi Israilov, each filed complaints in the European Court of Human Rights against the Russian and Chechen governments. The case was dropped after the court sought more information but could not locate the Israilovs, who had gone into hiding. Stratfor quoted claims by unnamed sources that Israilov was murdered \"by organized criminal assets in Vienna at the behest of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and with Kremlin approval.\" After the killing, Austrian police arrested and questioned eight Chechen men who had either received or applied for asylum in Austria. In February 2009 police in Poland arrested a man identified as Turpal Ali J. whom they described as an \"accomplice\" to Israilov's murderer. An Austrian court sentenced three individuals to prison for Israilov's murder on June 1, 2011. Otto Kaltenbrunner, Suleiman Dadayev and Turpal-Ali Yesherkayev received sentences of life, 19 years, and 16 years, respectively.", "The 2017 campaign featured 27 events spanning across thirteen countries, including United States, Austria, Poland, England, Tajikistan, Belarus, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Canada, Brazil, Germany, Australia and Russia. On September 12, 2018, Mairbek Khasiev revealed that Absolute Championship Berkut had purchased TECH-Krep FC. Khasiev went on to explain that TECH-Krep FC will cease operation and they canceled the October 26 event, and that former Tech-Krep FC head Alexey Yatsenko will become the president of the organization. On November 28, 2018, the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov announced that the Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB) and the World Fighting Championship Akhmat (WFCA) would merge to form a single promotion. A number of controversial issues evolve around ACA and its connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, who is the leader of Chechnya and accused of multiple human rights violations. Ramzan Kadyrov allegedly used his MMA promotion WFCA to promote himself as a benevolent leader posing next to invited guests from the UFC to clean his image as a dictator and tyrant. Furthermore, he supposedly used MMA fighters as an extension of his government even abroad in Europe to threaten and silence his critics. In conclusion, the merging of WFCA and ACB into ACA, and thus its direct connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, is controversial since it may give Kadyrov a larger audience worldwide and a larger roster of fighters for his hidden goals.", "Because of the cartoon scandal that shook the whole Muslim world, Kadyrov issued a brief ban on the Danish Refugee Council, the most active humanitarian organization in Caucasus. On June 1, 2006, Moscow-backed Chechen President Alu Alkhanov said he would prefer his republic be governed by Sharia law and suggested adapting the Islamic code, speaking in Paris after inconclusive talks with the Council of Europe. \"If Chechnya were run by Sharia law, it would not look as it does today.\" Alkhanov also dismissed reports of conflicts with Kadyrov, who was widely believed to want to take over the presidency when he turned 30 in October that year and now can legally assume the job. In several days after Ramzan Kadyrov was promoted to the post of President of Chechnya on March 2, 2007, serious changes have taken place in the leadership of the republic, affecting not only the top-ranking officials but also the middle-ranking ones. Kadyrov dismissed Grozny's mayor, Movsar Temirbayev, who was appointed to the post by his father in late 2003, and his place was taken by Muslim Khuchiyev. Former deputy prime minister Odes Baysultanov (a cousin of Ramzan Kadyrov on his mother's side of the family) received the vacated post of prime minister. The deputy interior minister, Sultan Satuyev, was replaced by Alambek Yasayev. Khalid Vaykhanov was given the post of secretary to the Chechen Council for Economic and Social Security, replacing German Vok, who tendered his resignation shortly before Alu Alkhanov resigned as Chechen President. In the view of local observers, Ramzan Kadyrov is actively building his own \"vertical of power\" in the republic, placing his men in all the leading and more or less important positions."], "answer": {"text": "After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c2841d1fd68a4bc6ab19b05947755b9c_1_q#1", "question": "How long did he serve as Deputy Prime Minister?", "rewrite": "How long did Ramzan Kadyrov serve as Deputy Prime Minister?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The 2017 campaign featured 27 events spanning across thirteen countries, including United States, Austria, Poland, England, Tajikistan, Belarus, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Canada, Brazil, Germany, Australia and Russia. On September 12, 2018, Mairbek Khasiev revealed that Absolute Championship Berkut had purchased TECH-Krep FC. Khasiev went on to explain that TECH-Krep FC will cease operation and they canceled the October 26 event, and that former Tech-Krep FC head Alexey Yatsenko will become the president of the organization. On November 28, 2018, the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov announced that the Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB) and the World Fighting Championship Akhmat (WFCA) would merge to form a single promotion. A number of controversial issues evolve around ACA and its connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, who is the leader of Chechnya and accused of multiple human rights violations. Ramzan Kadyrov allegedly used his MMA promotion WFCA to promote himself as a benevolent leader posing next to invited guests from the UFC to clean his image as a dictator and tyrant. Furthermore, he supposedly used MMA fighters as an extension of his government even abroad in Europe to threaten and silence his critics. In conclusion, the merging of WFCA and ACB into ACA, and thus its direct connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, is controversial since it may give Kadyrov a larger audience worldwide and a larger roster of fighters for his hidden goals.", "Kadyrovtsy The Kadyrovtsy (, lit. \" Kadyrov's followers\"), also known in English as the Kadyrovites, is a paramilitary organization in Chechnya, Russia, that serve as the protection of the Head of the Chechen Republic. The term \"Kadyrovtsy\" is commonly used in Chechnya to refer to any armed Chechen men under the control of President Ramzan Kadyrov. The Kadyrovtsy originated in 1994 as a Chechen separatist militia under Akhmad Kadyrov, and fought against the Russian Armed Forces for the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in the First Chechen War. Kadyrov defected to the Russian side in the Second Chechen War in 1999, and the Kadyrovtsy began fighting separatists and jihadists during the \"Guerilla phase\" as a \"de facto\" unit of the state police after he was appointed Chechen President in July 2000. Kadyrov was assassinated in 2004, and control of the militia was inherited by his son, Ramzan Kadyrov. In 2006, the Kadyrovtsy was legalized as a motorized regiment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and when Kadyrov was elected Chechen President in 2007 its current official role as a personal protective service was established. The Kadyrovtsy has been criticized of being Ramzan Kadyrov's private army, and is accused of committing widespread human rights abuses such as kidnapping, forced disappearances, torture and murder. Critics claim the Kadyrovtsy use extrajudicial punishment to cement Kadyrov's autocratic rule, and now surpass jihadist insurgents as the most feared organization among Chechnya's civilian population.", "Because of the cartoon scandal that shook the whole Muslim world, Kadyrov issued a brief ban on the Danish Refugee Council, the most active humanitarian organization in Caucasus. On June 1, 2006, Moscow-backed Chechen President Alu Alkhanov said he would prefer his republic be governed by Sharia law and suggested adapting the Islamic code, speaking in Paris after inconclusive talks with the Council of Europe. \"If Chechnya were run by Sharia law, it would not look as it does today.\" Alkhanov also dismissed reports of conflicts with Kadyrov, who was widely believed to want to take over the presidency when he turned 30 in October that year and now can legally assume the job. In several days after Ramzan Kadyrov was promoted to the post of President of Chechnya on March 2, 2007, serious changes have taken place in the leadership of the republic, affecting not only the top-ranking officials but also the middle-ranking ones. Kadyrov dismissed Grozny's mayor, Movsar Temirbayev, who was appointed to the post by his father in late 2003, and his place was taken by Muslim Khuchiyev. Former deputy prime minister Odes Baysultanov (a cousin of Ramzan Kadyrov on his mother's side of the family) received the vacated post of prime minister. The deputy interior minister, Sultan Satuyev, was replaced by Alambek Yasayev. Khalid Vaykhanov was given the post of secretary to the Chechen Council for Economic and Social Security, replacing German Vok, who tendered his resignation shortly before Alu Alkhanov resigned as Chechen President. In the view of local observers, Ramzan Kadyrov is actively building his own \"vertical of power\" in the republic, placing his men in all the leading and more or less important positions.", "The killing of Sheikh Abdul Halim was trumpeted by leaders of the Russian-backed official government of the province, claiming that the separatist forces there had been dealt a \"decapitating\" blow \"from which they will never recover. \" The next day, June 18, Sadulayev was succeeded as head of the Chechen resistance by the rebel vice-president and an active guerilla commander Dokka Umarov. The \"Goretz\" (Mountaineer) detachment of the Kadyrovtsy was a spetsnaz unit of the FSB headed Movladi Baisarov, the close ally and chief bodyguard to Akhmad Kadyrov, but was formally disbanded and its servicemen were to be reassigned to the Chechen Interior Ministry. After Akhmad Kadyrov's death, conflict with Ramzan Kadyrov led to Baisarov being declared an outlaw, and many men in the detachment refused the reassignment. \" The Guardian\" in June 2006 detailed a showdown between Kadyrov's and Baisarov's forces that had taken place the previous month. The Kadyrovtsy ended up backing down in that confrontation when another Chechen warlord, Said-Magomed Kakiev, head of the Spetsnaz GRU unit the Special Battalion \"Zapad\", came down on Baisarov's side. Baisarov went to Moscow and appeared in the Russian media saying that Ramzan Kadyrov was trying to hunt him down to get rid of possible competition. He accused Kadyrov of directing numerous political murders and kidnappings. At the same time, he told \"Kommersant\" that he was not hiding from anyone in Moscow and was expecting to return to Chechnya soon to become the Deputy Prime Minister in charge of law enforcement.", "Umar Israilov Umar S. Israilov (c. 1982 \u2013 January 13, 2009) was a former bodyguard of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov who became a critic of the Chechen government. He was shot and killed in exile in Vienna, Austria on January 13, 2009. Israilov fought against Russian forces during the Second Chechen War, but was captured in 2003. He began serving as Ramzan Kadyrov\u2019s bodyguard in a militia that was led by Ramzan Kadyrov's father, then Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov. Israilov claimed to have witnessed killings, torture, and other crimes by Kadyrovites including Ramzan Kadyrov and Adam Delimkhanov, who went on to serve in the Russian Parliament. In 2006 Israilov and his father, Sharpuddi Israilov, each filed complaints in the European Court of Human Rights against the Russian and Chechen governments. The case was dropped after the court sought more information but could not locate the Israilovs, who had gone into hiding. Stratfor quoted claims by unnamed sources that Israilov was murdered \"by organized criminal assets in Vienna at the behest of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and with Kremlin approval.\" After the killing, Austrian police arrested and questioned eight Chechen men who had either received or applied for asylum in Austria. In February 2009 police in Poland arrested a man identified as Turpal Ali J. whom they described as an \"accomplice\" to Israilov's murderer. An Austrian court sentenced three individuals to prison for Israilov's murder on June 1, 2011. Otto Kaltenbrunner, Suleiman Dadayev and Turpal-Ali Yesherkayev received sentences of life, 19 years, and 16 years, respectively."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ramzan Kadyrov become Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2841d1fd68a4bc6ab19b05947755b9c_1_q#2", "question": "Did he do anything significant during his time as Deputy Prime Minister?", "rewrite": "Did Ramzan Kadyrov do anything significant during his time as Deputy Prime Minister?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Kadyrovtsy The Kadyrovtsy (, lit. \" Kadyrov's followers\"), also known in English as the Kadyrovites, is a paramilitary organization in Chechnya, Russia, that serve as the protection of the Head of the Chechen Republic. The term \"Kadyrovtsy\" is commonly used in Chechnya to refer to any armed Chechen men under the control of President Ramzan Kadyrov. The Kadyrovtsy originated in 1994 as a Chechen separatist militia under Akhmad Kadyrov, and fought against the Russian Armed Forces for the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in the First Chechen War. Kadyrov defected to the Russian side in the Second Chechen War in 1999, and the Kadyrovtsy began fighting separatists and jihadists during the \"Guerilla phase\" as a \"de facto\" unit of the state police after he was appointed Chechen President in July 2000. Kadyrov was assassinated in 2004, and control of the militia was inherited by his son, Ramzan Kadyrov. In 2006, the Kadyrovtsy was legalized as a motorized regiment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and when Kadyrov was elected Chechen President in 2007 its current official role as a personal protective service was established. The Kadyrovtsy has been criticized of being Ramzan Kadyrov's private army, and is accused of committing widespread human rights abuses such as kidnapping, forced disappearances, torture and murder. Critics claim the Kadyrovtsy use extrajudicial punishment to cement Kadyrov's autocratic rule, and now surpass jihadist insurgents as the most feared organization among Chechnya's civilian population.", "Because of the cartoon scandal that shook the whole Muslim world, Kadyrov issued a brief ban on the Danish Refugee Council, the most active humanitarian organization in Caucasus. On June 1, 2006, Moscow-backed Chechen President Alu Alkhanov said he would prefer his republic be governed by Sharia law and suggested adapting the Islamic code, speaking in Paris after inconclusive talks with the Council of Europe. \"If Chechnya were run by Sharia law, it would not look as it does today.\" Alkhanov also dismissed reports of conflicts with Kadyrov, who was widely believed to want to take over the presidency when he turned 30 in October that year and now can legally assume the job. In several days after Ramzan Kadyrov was promoted to the post of President of Chechnya on March 2, 2007, serious changes have taken place in the leadership of the republic, affecting not only the top-ranking officials but also the middle-ranking ones. Kadyrov dismissed Grozny's mayor, Movsar Temirbayev, who was appointed to the post by his father in late 2003, and his place was taken by Muslim Khuchiyev. Former deputy prime minister Odes Baysultanov (a cousin of Ramzan Kadyrov on his mother's side of the family) received the vacated post of prime minister. The deputy interior minister, Sultan Satuyev, was replaced by Alambek Yasayev. Khalid Vaykhanov was given the post of secretary to the Chechen Council for Economic and Social Security, replacing German Vok, who tendered his resignation shortly before Alu Alkhanov resigned as Chechen President. In the view of local observers, Ramzan Kadyrov is actively building his own \"vertical of power\" in the republic, placing his men in all the leading and more or less important positions.", "The 2017 campaign featured 27 events spanning across thirteen countries, including United States, Austria, Poland, England, Tajikistan, Belarus, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Canada, Brazil, Germany, Australia and Russia. On September 12, 2018, Mairbek Khasiev revealed that Absolute Championship Berkut had purchased TECH-Krep FC. Khasiev went on to explain that TECH-Krep FC will cease operation and they canceled the October 26 event, and that former Tech-Krep FC head Alexey Yatsenko will become the president of the organization. On November 28, 2018, the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov announced that the Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB) and the World Fighting Championship Akhmat (WFCA) would merge to form a single promotion. A number of controversial issues evolve around ACA and its connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, who is the leader of Chechnya and accused of multiple human rights violations. Ramzan Kadyrov allegedly used his MMA promotion WFCA to promote himself as a benevolent leader posing next to invited guests from the UFC to clean his image as a dictator and tyrant. Furthermore, he supposedly used MMA fighters as an extension of his government even abroad in Europe to threaten and silence his critics. In conclusion, the merging of WFCA and ACB into ACA, and thus its direct connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, is controversial since it may give Kadyrov a larger audience worldwide and a larger roster of fighters for his hidden goals.", "The killing of Sheikh Abdul Halim was trumpeted by leaders of the Russian-backed official government of the province, claiming that the separatist forces there had been dealt a \"decapitating\" blow \"from which they will never recover. \" The next day, June 18, Sadulayev was succeeded as head of the Chechen resistance by the rebel vice-president and an active guerilla commander Dokka Umarov. The \"Goretz\" (Mountaineer) detachment of the Kadyrovtsy was a spetsnaz unit of the FSB headed Movladi Baisarov, the close ally and chief bodyguard to Akhmad Kadyrov, but was formally disbanded and its servicemen were to be reassigned to the Chechen Interior Ministry. After Akhmad Kadyrov's death, conflict with Ramzan Kadyrov led to Baisarov being declared an outlaw, and many men in the detachment refused the reassignment. \" The Guardian\" in June 2006 detailed a showdown between Kadyrov's and Baisarov's forces that had taken place the previous month. The Kadyrovtsy ended up backing down in that confrontation when another Chechen warlord, Said-Magomed Kakiev, head of the Spetsnaz GRU unit the Special Battalion \"Zapad\", came down on Baisarov's side. Baisarov went to Moscow and appeared in the Russian media saying that Ramzan Kadyrov was trying to hunt him down to get rid of possible competition. He accused Kadyrov of directing numerous political murders and kidnappings. At the same time, he told \"Kommersant\" that he was not hiding from anyone in Moscow and was expecting to return to Chechnya soon to become the Deputy Prime Minister in charge of law enforcement.", "Umar Israilov Umar S. Israilov (c. 1982 \u2013 January 13, 2009) was a former bodyguard of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov who became a critic of the Chechen government. He was shot and killed in exile in Vienna, Austria on January 13, 2009. Israilov fought against Russian forces during the Second Chechen War, but was captured in 2003. He began serving as Ramzan Kadyrov\u2019s bodyguard in a militia that was led by Ramzan Kadyrov's father, then Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov. Israilov claimed to have witnessed killings, torture, and other crimes by Kadyrovites including Ramzan Kadyrov and Adam Delimkhanov, who went on to serve in the Russian Parliament. In 2006 Israilov and his father, Sharpuddi Israilov, each filed complaints in the European Court of Human Rights against the Russian and Chechen governments. The case was dropped after the court sought more information but could not locate the Israilovs, who had gone into hiding. Stratfor quoted claims by unnamed sources that Israilov was murdered \"by organized criminal assets in Vienna at the behest of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and with Kremlin approval.\" After the killing, Austrian police arrested and questioned eight Chechen men who had either received or applied for asylum in Austria. In February 2009 police in Poland arrested a man identified as Turpal Ali J. whom they described as an \"accomplice\" to Israilov's murderer. An Austrian court sentenced three individuals to prison for Israilov's murder on June 1, 2011. Otto Kaltenbrunner, Suleiman Dadayev and Turpal-Ali Yesherkayev received sentences of life, 19 years, and 16 years, respectively."], "answer": {"text": "In August 2005, Ramzan declared that \"Europe's largest mosque\" would be built in place of the demolished ruins of Grozny's shattered downtown.", "answer_start": 532}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ramzan Kadyrov become Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he serve as Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2841d1fd68a4bc6ab19b05947755b9c_1_q#3", "question": "Was the mosque ever built?", "rewrite": "Was the Europe's largest mosque ever built?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Faisal Mosque Faisal Mosque () is a mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is located on the foothills of Margalla Hills in Islamabad, the mosque features a contemporary design consisting of eight sides of concrete shell and is inspired by a Bedouin tent. The mosque is a major tourist attraction, and is referred as a contemporary and influential feature of Islamic architecture. Construction of the mosque began in 1976 after a $120 million grant from Saudi King Faisal, whose name the mosque bears. The unconventional design by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay was selected after an international competition. Without a typical dome, the mosque is shaped like a Bedouin tent, surrounded by four tall minarets. The design features eight-sided shell shaped sloping roofs forming a triangular worship hall which can hold 10,000 worshippers. Combined the structure covers an area of 54,000 square ft, the mosque dominates the landscape of Islamabad. It is situated at the north end of Faisal Avenue, putting it at the northernmost end of the city and at the foot of Margalla Hills, the westernmost foothills of the Himalayas. It is located on an elevated area of land against a picturesque backdrop of the national park. The largest mosque in Pakistan, the Faisal Mosque was the largest mosque in the world from 1986 until 1993, when it was overtaken by mosques in MENA region. Faisal Mosque is now the fourth largest mosque in terms of capacity. The impetus for the mosque began in 1966 when King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz supported the initiative of the Pakistani Government to build a national mosque in Islamabad during an official visit to Pakistan. In 1969, an international competition was held in which architects from 17 countries submitted 43 proposals. The winning design was that of Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay.", "Mosque of Amr ibn al-As The Mosque of Amr ibn al-As (), also called the Mosque of Amr, was originally built in 641\u2013642 AD, as the center of the newly founded capital of Egypt, Fustat. The original structure was the first mosque ever built in Egypt and the whole of Africa. Through the twentieth century, it was the fourth largest mosque in the Islamic world. The location for the mosque was the site of the tent of the commander of the Muslim army, general Amr ibn al-As. One corner of the mosque contains the tomb of his son, 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As. Due to extensive reconstruction over the centuries, nothing of the original building remains, but the rebuilt Mosque is a prominent landmark, and can be seen in what today is known as Old Cairo. It is an active mosque with a devout congregation, and when prayers are not taking place, it is also open to visitors and tourists. According to tradition, the original location was chosen by a bird. Amr ibn al-As, by order of Caliph Umar, was the Arab general that conquered Egypt from the Romans. In 641, before he and his army attacked their capital city of Alexandria (at the northwestern part of the Nile river delta), Amr had set up his tent on the eastern side of the Nile, at the southern part of the delta. As the story is told, shortly before Amr set off to battle, a dove laid an egg in his tent. When Amr returned victorious, he needed to choose a site for a new capital city, since Umar had decreed that it could not be in far-away Alexandria.", "Sultanate-era mosques featured multiple domes or a single dome, richly designed mihrabs and minbars and an absence of minarets. While clay bricks and terracotta were the most widely used materials, stone was used from mines in the Rarh region. The former Adina Mosque was the largest mosque ever built in the medieval Indian subcontinent. The surviving Sixty Dome Mosque is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Sultanate style also includes gateways and bridges. The style is widely scattered across the region. Mughal Bengal saw the spread of Mughal architecture in the region, including forts, havelis, gardens, caravanserais, hammams and fountains. Mughal Bengali mosques also developed a distinct provincial style. Dhaka and Murshidabad were the hubs of Mughal architecture. The Mughals copied the do-chala roof tradition in North India. The period of British rule saw wealthy Bengali families (especially zamindar estates) employing European firms to design houses and palaces. The Indo-Saracenic movement was strongly prevalent in the region. While most rural estates featured an elegant country house, the cities of Calcutta, Dacca, Panam and Chittagong had widespread 19th and early 20th century urban architecture, comparable to London, Sydney or Auckland. Art deco influences began in Calcutta in the 1930s. Indo-Saracenic architecture can be seen in the Ahsan Manzil and Curzon Hall in Dhaka, Chittagong Court Building in Chittagong, and Hazarduari Palace in Murshidabad. The Victoria Memorial in Kolkata, designed by Vincent Esch also has Indo-Saracenic features, possibly inspired from the Taj Mahal. The origin of the bungalow has its roots in the vernacular architecture of Bengal. The term \"ba\u1e45galo\", meaning \"Bengali\" and used elliptically for a \"house in the Bengal style\".", "Some of his writings were later discovered among the manuscript fragments in the \"geniza\" (storeroom) of the Ben Ezra Synagogue, located in Fustat. While the Mamluks were in power from the 13th century to the 16th century, the area of Fustat was used as a rubbish dump, though it still maintained a population of thousands, with the primary crafts being those of pottery and trash-collecting. The layers of garbage accumulated over hundreds of years, and gradually the population decreased, leaving what had once been a thriving city as an effective wasteland. Today, little remains of the grandeur of the old city. The three capitals, Fustat, Al-Askar and Al-Qatta'i were absorbed into the growing city of Cairo. Some of the old buildings remain visible in the region known as \"Old Cairo\", but much of the rest has fallen into disrepair, overgrown with weeds or used as garbage dumps. The oldest-remaining building from the area is probably the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, from the 9th century, which was built while the capital was in Al-Qatta'i. The first mosque ever built in Egypt (and by extension, the first mosque built in Africa), the Mosque of Amr, is still in use, but has been extensively rebuilt over the centuries, and nothing remains of the original structure. In February 2017 the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation was inaugurated on a site adjacent to the mosque. It is believed that further archaeological digs could yield substantial rewards, considering that the remains of the original city are still preserved under hundreds of years of rubbish. Some archaeological excavations have taken place, the paths of streets are still visible, and some buildings have been partially reconstructed to waist-height. But the site is difficult and dangerous to access because of the nearby slums.", "They were often the gift of a wealthy patron and the fruit of extraordinary effort, which would not be found in every Muslim neighborhood. An exceptional building was the Adina Mosque, the imperial mosque of Bengal and the largest mosque ever built in the Indian subcontinent. The monumental structure was designed in the hypostyle of early Islam with a plan similar to the Umayyad Mosque. The style is associated with the introduction of Islam in new areas."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ramzan Kadyrov become Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he serve as Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything significant during his time as Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2005, Ramzan declared that \"Europe's largest mosque\" would be built in place of the demolished ruins of Grozny's shattered downtown.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2841d1fd68a4bc6ab19b05947755b9c_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Ramzan declared that \"Europe's largest mosque\" would be built, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Faisal Mosque Faisal Mosque () is a mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan. It is located on the foothills of Margalla Hills in Islamabad, the mosque features a contemporary design consisting of eight sides of concrete shell and is inspired by a Bedouin tent. The mosque is a major tourist attraction, and is referred as a contemporary and influential feature of Islamic architecture. Construction of the mosque began in 1976 after a $120 million grant from Saudi King Faisal, whose name the mosque bears. The unconventional design by Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay was selected after an international competition. Without a typical dome, the mosque is shaped like a Bedouin tent, surrounded by four tall minarets. The design features eight-sided shell shaped sloping roofs forming a triangular worship hall which can hold 10,000 worshippers. Combined the structure covers an area of 54,000 square ft, the mosque dominates the landscape of Islamabad. It is situated at the north end of Faisal Avenue, putting it at the northernmost end of the city and at the foot of Margalla Hills, the westernmost foothills of the Himalayas. It is located on an elevated area of land against a picturesque backdrop of the national park. The largest mosque in Pakistan, the Faisal Mosque was the largest mosque in the world from 1986 until 1993, when it was overtaken by mosques in MENA region. Faisal Mosque is now the fourth largest mosque in terms of capacity. The impetus for the mosque began in 1966 when King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz supported the initiative of the Pakistani Government to build a national mosque in Islamabad during an official visit to Pakistan. In 1969, an international competition was held in which architects from 17 countries submitted 43 proposals. The winning design was that of Turkish architect Vedat Dalokay.", "Al-Azhar Great Mosque Al-Azhar Great Mosque (Indonesian Masjid Agung Al-Azhar) is a mosque located in Jalan Sisingamangaraja, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta. The mosque was constructed between 1953 and 1958. It was originally known simply as \"Mesjid Agung\" (Great Mosque). It was Jakarta's largest mosque when it was built until it was surpassed by the Istiqlal Mosque which was completed in 1978. Al-Azhar mosque and the mosque complex is best known for its educational works. The idea for a building of a mosque and a school in Kebayoran Baru was initiated by 14 people from the Masyumi Party. Under the recommendation of Syamsudin, Indonesian Ministry of Social Affairs at that time, the 14 figures founded the Islamic Dormitory School Foundation (\"Yayasan Pesantren Islam\" or YPI) on April 7, 1952. The Ministry of Religion had provided a limited start-up fund for the construction of a mosque and a school, while the mayor of Jakarta donated a 4 hectares of land in the new suburb of Kebayoran Baru. Under the advice of Hamka - an Indonesian ulama and political activist - it was suggested that a mosque was built first before the school, \"\"but with plenty of office space and meeting rooms so that while the school building is still under construction, the mosque can initiate a full round activities, including classes.\" \" With the society established, construction of the mosque commenced on November 19, 1953. The mosque was completed in 1958 and officially inaugurated as Masjid Agung Kebayoran or Kebayoran Great Mosque. At the time of its completion it was the largest mosque in Jakarta.", "Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque The Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Mosque (Malay: Masjid Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz) is the state mosque of Selangor, Malaysia. It is located in Shah Alam. It is the country's largest mosque and also the second largest mosque in Southeast Asia after Istiqlal Mosque in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its most distinguishing feature is its large blue and silver dome. The mosque has four minarets, one erected at each of the corners. The mosque was commissioned by the late Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz, when he declared Shah Alam as the new capital of Selangor on 14 February 1974. Construction began in 1982 and finished on 11 March 1988. The Mosque is also known as the Blue Mosque owing to its blue dome. The building has the distinction of having the largest religious dome in the world, it measures 51.2 m (167 ft) in diameter and reaches 106.7 m (350 ft) above ground level. The four minarets, each reaching 142.3 m ( 460 ft) above ground level are the 2nd tallest in the world, the distinction of the world's highest being held by the Hassan II Mosque (Arabic: \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a) in Casablanca, Morocco. In its early years, the mosque was listed in the Guinness World Records as having the tallest minaret in the world before being supplanted by the 210 m (689 ft) at the Hassan II Mosque when that structure was inaugurated in August 1993. The Blue Mosque (Masjid Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz) does however still maintain the distinction of having the world's tallest \"group\" of minarets as the set of four each stand at 142.3 m (460 ft) above ground level.", "By the mid-1950s, De-Stalinization had allowed the Chechens and Ingush to return to their native homelands, and the Paskayev family moved to Grozny, the Chechen capital. Throughout his youth, Ramzan had developed his musical abilities, and in 1960 the young Ramzan was invited into the House of Folklore amateur ensemble. He worked in the ensemble writing melodies, and had decided to receive a vocational education from that group. Also during his youth, Ramzan met with his idol, Umar Dimayev: Dimayev handed Ramzan his accordion, and although Ramzan's feet couldn't yet touch the ground when he sat on his chair, Ramzan surprised the entire audience with his small performance. Umar declared, \"He will inevitably become an accordionist.\" From their encounter, Ramzan later recalled, \"His face showed a gracious smile. I think he had realized that I had copied his style.\" In 1962 Paskayev was invited to speak at Baikal TV, and after delivering his speech he became widely known throughout the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. He spent much of his youth performing with adults, and wasn't seen playing with other children. That year he also performed at the Great Kremlin Palace and met with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. The following year, Ramzan was also invited into the \"Vaynah\" dance ensemble. In 1967 Paskayev was called to active duty in the ranks of the Soviet Red Army. However, he was transferred to a military garrison ensemble after the intervention of fellow musician Aslan Gugiev. Afterwards Ramzan would enroll in a professional education at a college in Grozny and then the Krasnodar Institute of Culture. He would join an orchestra, and work there until 1983, when he would return to \"Vaynah\".", "After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004, Ramzan was appointed as the First Deputy Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic on 10 May 2004. When his sister was detained by the Dagestan police in January 2005, Ramzan and some 150 armed men drove to the Khasavyurt City Police (GOVD) building. According to the city mayor, Kadyrov's men surrounded the GOVD, forcing its duty officers against a wall, and assaulted them, after which they left the building with Zulay Kadyrova, \"victoriously shooting in the air.\" In August 2005, Ramzan declared that \"Europe's largest mosque\" would be built in place of the demolished ruins of Grozny's shattered downtown. He also claimed that Chechnya is the \"most peaceful place in Russia\" and in a few years it would also be \"the wealthiest and the most peaceful\" place in the world. He said that the war was already over with only 150 \"bandits\" remaining (as opposed to the official figures of 700 to 2,000 rebel fighters), and that thanks to his father, 7,000 separatists had already defected to the Russian side since 1999. When responding to a question on how he is going to \"avenge the murder of his father\", Ramzan said:  I've already killed him, whom I ought to kill. And those, who stay behind him, I will be killing them, to the very last of them, until I am myself killed or jailed. I will be killing [them] for as long as I live... Putin is gorgeous. He thinks more about Chechnya than about any other republic [of the Russian Federation]. When my father was murdered, he [Putin] came and went to the cemetery in person. Putin has stopped the war."], "answer": {"text": "He remained the First Deputy Prime Minister until November 2005.", "answer_start": 201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ramzan Kadyrov become Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he serve as Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything significant during his time as Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2005, Ramzan declared that \"Europe's largest mosque\" would be built in place of the demolished ruins of Grozny's shattered downtown.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the mosque ever built?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2841d1fd68a4bc6ab19b05947755b9c_1_q#5", "question": "What did he do after November 2005?", "rewrite": "What did Ramzan Kadyrov do after November 2005?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The 2017 campaign featured 27 events spanning across thirteen countries, including United States, Austria, Poland, England, Tajikistan, Belarus, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Canada, Brazil, Germany, Australia and Russia. On September 12, 2018, Mairbek Khasiev revealed that Absolute Championship Berkut had purchased TECH-Krep FC. Khasiev went on to explain that TECH-Krep FC will cease operation and they canceled the October 26 event, and that former Tech-Krep FC head Alexey Yatsenko will become the president of the organization. On November 28, 2018, the Head of the Chechen Republic Ramzan Kadyrov announced that the Absolute Championship Berkut (ACB) and the World Fighting Championship Akhmat (WFCA) would merge to form a single promotion. A number of controversial issues evolve around ACA and its connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, who is the leader of Chechnya and accused of multiple human rights violations. Ramzan Kadyrov allegedly used his MMA promotion WFCA to promote himself as a benevolent leader posing next to invited guests from the UFC to clean his image as a dictator and tyrant. Furthermore, he supposedly used MMA fighters as an extension of his government even abroad in Europe to threaten and silence his critics. In conclusion, the merging of WFCA and ACB into ACA, and thus its direct connection to Ramzan Kadyrov, is controversial since it may give Kadyrov a larger audience worldwide and a larger roster of fighters for his hidden goals.", "He said it was \"obvious\" to him that her murder was linked to her professional work. Memorial claimed that \"state terror\" was to blame, calling the killing an \"extrajudicial execution\" by government-backed death squads. Memorial's chairman Oleg Orlov said that Ramzan Kadyrov threatened Natalya and that Russian president Medvedev was content with Kadyrov being a murderer. Orlov said in a statement: \"I know, I am sure who is guilty of Natalya Estemirova's murder, we all know him. His name is Ramzan Kadyrov.\" According to Orlov, shortly before the murder Kadyrov made an open threat to her by saying: \"Yes, my hands are up to the elbows in blood. And I am not ashamed of that. I killed and will kill bad people\". Kadyrov denied any involvement and promised to investigate the killing personally. He condemned the killers, saying they \"must be punished as the cruelest of criminals\". It was later reported that in response to Orlov's accusation, Kadyrov would be suing the rights group for defamation, and would target Orlov personally in the complaint. Nurdi Nukhazhiyev, Chechen human rights ombudsman, called Orlov's accusation \"groundless and ludicrous\". In January 2010, Ramzan Kadyrov, in an interview to \"Russia Today\" accused Berezovsky of murdering Estemirova. Despite expressing confidence that the crime will be solved, he acknowledged that as of that date it had not:  Medvedev responded to the accusation, saying the timing of the crime, a day before his trip to Germany for talks with Chancellor Angela Merkel, was a provocation intended to give rise to \"the most primitive theories and those most disagreeable to the state\".", "Umar Israilov Umar S. Israilov (c. 1982 \u2013 January 13, 2009) was a former bodyguard of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov who became a critic of the Chechen government. He was shot and killed in exile in Vienna, Austria on January 13, 2009. Israilov fought against Russian forces during the Second Chechen War, but was captured in 2003. He began serving as Ramzan Kadyrov\u2019s bodyguard in a militia that was led by Ramzan Kadyrov's father, then Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov. Israilov claimed to have witnessed killings, torture, and other crimes by Kadyrovites including Ramzan Kadyrov and Adam Delimkhanov, who went on to serve in the Russian Parliament. In 2006 Israilov and his father, Sharpuddi Israilov, each filed complaints in the European Court of Human Rights against the Russian and Chechen governments. The case was dropped after the court sought more information but could not locate the Israilovs, who had gone into hiding. Stratfor quoted claims by unnamed sources that Israilov was murdered \"by organized criminal assets in Vienna at the behest of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov and with Kremlin approval.\" After the killing, Austrian police arrested and questioned eight Chechen men who had either received or applied for asylum in Austria. In February 2009 police in Poland arrested a man identified as Turpal Ali J. whom they described as an \"accomplice\" to Israilov's murderer. An Austrian court sentenced three individuals to prison for Israilov's murder on June 1, 2011. Otto Kaltenbrunner, Suleiman Dadayev and Turpal-Ali Yesherkayev received sentences of life, 19 years, and 16 years, respectively.", "In the past years a cousin Zaurbek and nephew Roman Atayev were also kidnapped; nothing has been heard of these people since. Shortly after the Beslan hostage-taking raid in 2004, Prosecutor General Vladimir Ustinov suggested the practice of taking rebel leaders' relatives hostage. Memorial, who largely condemned such practices, blamed pro-Russian Chechen forces for the abductions. According to separatists, all the kidnapped persons were put into Ramzan Kadyrov's personal prison in Tsentaroy. On April 28, 2006, security forces loyal to Ramzan Kadyrov fought a fist and then gun battle with the bodyguards of then the pro-Russian president Alu Alkhanov. Up to two men were reportedly killed and four injured in the clash at the presidential administration, sparking fears of a broader power struggle between the groups of Chechen men who control the republic in support of the Russian authorities. The exchange of fire happened during a meeting between Alkhanov and a federal official, Sergei Stepashin. The \"Moskovskij Komsomolets\" newspaper reported that Alkhanov had banned Kadyrov from bringing more than two men of his private army with him into meetings; it reported that Kadyrov had rung Alkhanov and given him 30 minutes to flee the presidential administration as his men wanted to storm it. The official explanation of the whole incident was that \"an ordinary quarrel\" had occurred between two men who worked in the security services, and that no shots whatsoever were ever fired. It was the next day that reports came out how Ramzan Kadyrov officially disbanded his security service. On June 4, 2006, President Alu Alkhanov said he would prefer his republic be governed by Sharia law and suggested adapting the Islamic code, as it is championed by Kadyrov; he also dismissed reports of conflicts with Ramzan.", "Kadyrovtsy The Kadyrovtsy (, lit. \" Kadyrov's followers\"), also known in English as the Kadyrovites, is a paramilitary organization in Chechnya, Russia, that serve as the protection of the Head of the Chechen Republic. The term \"Kadyrovtsy\" is commonly used in Chechnya to refer to any armed Chechen men under the control of President Ramzan Kadyrov. The Kadyrovtsy originated in 1994 as a Chechen separatist militia under Akhmad Kadyrov, and fought against the Russian Armed Forces for the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria in the First Chechen War. Kadyrov defected to the Russian side in the Second Chechen War in 1999, and the Kadyrovtsy began fighting separatists and jihadists during the \"Guerilla phase\" as a \"de facto\" unit of the state police after he was appointed Chechen President in July 2000. Kadyrov was assassinated in 2004, and control of the militia was inherited by his son, Ramzan Kadyrov. In 2006, the Kadyrovtsy was legalized as a motorized regiment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and when Kadyrov was elected Chechen President in 2007 its current official role as a personal protective service was established. The Kadyrovtsy has been criticized of being Ramzan Kadyrov's private army, and is accused of committing widespread human rights abuses such as kidnapping, forced disappearances, torture and murder. Critics claim the Kadyrovtsy use extrajudicial punishment to cement Kadyrov's autocratic rule, and now surpass jihadist insurgents as the most feared organization among Chechnya's civilian population."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ramzan Kadyrov become Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he serve as Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything significant during his time as Deputy Prime Minister?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2005, Ramzan declared that \"Europe's largest mosque\" would be built in place of the demolished ruins of Grozny's shattered downtown.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the mosque ever built?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He remained the First Deputy Prime Minister until November 2005.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_da1266244c50489589659d3e0c9f8e98_0_q#0", "question": "Can you provide me with some information on the Bishop of Imus?", "rewrite": "Can you provide me with some information on the Bishop of Imus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The following day, Bryan Monroe, the president of the National Association of Black Journalists, described Imus's comments as \"beyond offensive\" and called for his immediate firing. MSNBC responded later that day with a statement disassociating itself from Imus's remarks. On the April 6 \"Imus in the Morning\" show, Imus expressed regret over his remarks, contending that it was said in jest by \"a good man who did a bad thing\". On Saturday, April 7, the Rev. Al Sharpton, described by \"The New York Times\" as \"among the leaders of the movement to force Don Imus off the air\", told an angry audience in Harlem, New York that Imus should be \"taken off the airwaves\" for the racially disparaging remark. Protest demonstrations by \"Rainbow/PUSH\" in Chicago, Illinois, in front of NBC's owned-and-operated Chicago station were led by Rev. Jesse Jackson on April 9 as 50 demonstrators held signs reading \"No apologies, no forgiveness\" and chanting \"Imus must go\". Also on April 9, presidential candidate Barack Obama termed Imus's comments, \"Divisive, hurtful, and offensive to Americans of all backgrounds\", saying \"With a public platform comes a trust. As far as I'm concerned, he violated that trust\". Clarence Page, who had occasionally been a guest on \"Imus in the Morning\", wrote that Imus broke a promise made to him six years previously to eschew racially offensive remarks. Amidst the gathering protests, Imus delivered a second, lengthier apology at the beginning of the \"Imus in the Morning\" program on Monday, April 9 and offered to meet with the Rutgers team to apologize personally.", "\"Bo\" Dietl, a regular guest on \"Imus in the Morning\" denounced Moonves on Fox News Channel for CBS' cancellation of Imus while producing rap music with anti-female lyrics, saying, \"Mr. Les Moonves, you care about the quality , why don't you care about your CBS records with all the garbage my 17-year-old daughter listens to and they use this word 'ho' back and forth and they degrade women all the time. If I thought that Don Imus was a racist in any part, shape or form, I wouldn't be here today.\" Before his show was canceled, Imus and CBS had signed a contract extension for about $10 million per year. Before Imus could explore another broadcasting job it was necessary for Imus and CBS to reach a settlement on the contract. On May 4, 2007, Martin Garbus, a lawyer for Imus, claimed that the broadcasters of the program could have edited Imus's comments, given that the program was subject to tape delay. The lawyer also indicated that Imus would sue CBS Radio for $120 million in unpaid salary and damages. CBS Radio replied that it would vigorously defend against the suit. During a June 29, 2007 broadcast, comments were made by WFAN host Mike Francesa and McCord which seemed to indicate that Imus would be returning to the air in the near future, possibly rejoining WFAN. The comments were made during a 20th anniversary celebration of WFAN, as part of a broadcast meant to honor Imus's contribution to the station. McCord noted that the broadcast seemed to reflect on Imus through a rear-view mirror. Then he quipped, \"Be warned: Objects in the mirror may be closer than they appear.\"", "It most recently boiled to the surface in 2003, when Stern called Imus while both were on the air to demand an apology for a comedy skit that Imus had aired. After exchanging insults, Imus cut Stern off. In late 2005, Imus commented that he wished Stern would do well at Sirius satellite radio, as Imus held Sirius stock. In a CBS News interview he conducted before his retirement, Imus stated that he considered Stern one of the best radio performers in history, along with himself, Arthur Godfrey, Jack Benny and Wolfman Jack. When the program was simulcast on MSNBC, Imus frequently ridiculed NBC/MSNBC personalities, staff, programs, and policies. During election coverage in 2004, NBC set up an outdoor interactive visitors attraction, \"Democracy Plaza\" at Rockefeller Center. Imus referred to it as \"Hypocrisy Plaza.\" On the December 15, 2004, \"Imus in the Morning\" show, Don Imus referred to the publishers Simon & Schuster as \"thieving Jews\" and later in the same show gave a mock apology, calling the phrase \"thieving Jews\", \"redundant\". Beginning in February 2005, MSNBC featured Amy Robach, and then-afternoon regular Contessa Brewer as news readers on \"Imus in the Morning\". Brewer held the position for over two months and was the target of Imus's constant ridicule, which was initially dismissed as typical show fodder. On April 29, 2005, the \"New York Post\" published a statement attributed to Brewer calling Imus a \"cantankerous old fool.\" He responded on-air by calling her \"fat\" and \"painfully stupid,\" and hurled countless personal insults. Brewer left \"Imus in the Morning\" immediately.", "Pearson accused Imus of threatening him during a July 13, 2004 confrontation at the ranch, and Imus subsequently referred to him on air as \"an arrogant fucking doctor who doesn't mind letting a child suffer\". Imus and his crew repeatedly made controversial remarks through skits and character impersonations in what they considered a comical format which critics labeled as racist, misogynist, and anti-Semitic xenophobia. He has also been accused of making offensive remarks off the air. Some examples include:   Don Imus was also a part owner of Autobody Express stores with his late brother, Fred (who was a frequent caller to the radio show, commenting on NASCAR races, the NFL and related pop culture matters). The Autobody Express stores were located in Santa Fe, and inside the Mohegan Sun Native American Casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. In 2003, the company failed and both stores closed. Imus still owns a small coffee and pastry store also located in the Mohegan Sun casino. The Autobody Express became Imus Ranch Foods, which offered its signature chips and salsa via online sales and in Northeastern stores, prior to the discontinuation of the Imus Ranch Foods line in 2014. The proceeds from Imus Ranch Foods had helped fund the work of the Imus Ranch. Imus won four Marconi Awards, three for Major Market Personality of the Year (1990, 1992 and 1997) and one for Network Syndicated Personality (1994). Imus was named one of the 25 Most Influential People in America in \"Time\" magazine (April 21, 1997). He was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1989. In 2002, \"Talkers\" magazine ranked Imus as one of the 25 greatest radio talk show hosts of all time. He was placed on the cover of \"Time\" Magazine in 2007. Imus has married twice.", "Sharpton said in an interview, \"We'll monitor him; I'm not saying I'm going to throw a banquet for him and say welcome home. He has the right to make a living, but because he has such a consistent pattern with this we are going to monitor him to make sure he doesn't do it again.\" Jesse Jackson appeared on \"Imus in the Morning\" on April 4, 2008 to discuss the 40th anniversary of the assassination of Martin Luther King, a booking that would have seemed impossible nearly a year before, when Jackson joined 50 demonstrators in Chicago demanding that \"Imus Must Go\", and many media commentators declared Imus's \"rehabilitation\" complete. In 2008, Little Richard appeared as a guest artist on \"The Imus Ranch Record\" to help raise funds to benefit sick and dying children, as well as to attempt to debunk the notion that Imus was racist. Imus signed a multi-year deal with Fox Business Network in September to simulcast his radio show \"Imus in the Morning\". On April 28, 2015, Imus announced that his radio show would no longer be broadcast on the Fox Business Network starting May 29, 2015. Controversy once again surrounded Imus when he made the following statements regarding the suspension of Cowboys' cornerback Adam Jones. In response, Jones said, \"I'm truly upset about the comments. Obviously Mr. Imus has problems with blacks. I'm upset, and I hope the station he works for handles it accordingly. I will pray for him.\" Imus said that his comments were misinterpreted. \"I meant that he was being picked on because he's black.\" WABC vice president Phil Boyce said that it was unlikely that disciplinary action would be pursued against Imus, and none was."], "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_da1266244c50489589659d3e0c9f8e98_0_q#1", "question": "What are some important aspects of it?", "rewrite": "What are some important aspects of Tagle being the Bishop of Imus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jos\u00e9 Tagle  Jos\u00e9 Tagle y Santarin (March 18, 1855 in Barangay Bayan Luma, Imus, Cavite \u2013 September 12, 1910) was a Filipino military officer who participated in the Battle of Imus during the Philippine Revolution. Prior to the Philippine Revolution, the Tagles were part of the Principal\u00eda, the country's lowland, Hispanic colonized aristocracy. Jos\u00e9 Tagle was one of the seven children of Benito Tagle and Simona Santarin, both of Imus. He grew up and received his early education in the local school. Among the descendants of Tagle's siblings are Manila archbishop Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle (great-grandson of his brother Macario) and Purita Tagle Abad-Lopa (granddaughter of his brother Guillermo), who was the wife of tycoon and industrialist Manuel Lopa Sr.. Lopa's children married into the Aranetas, Cojuangcos and Montinolas families. He is the great-grandfather of politician Richard J. Gordon. Jos\u00e9 Tagle played a significant role in the opening battle of the Philippine Revolution in Cavite. According to General Emilio Aguinaldo\u2019s account of the battle, Jos\u00e9 Tagle, then head of Barangay Pilar of Imus, first came to his headquarters at Cavite El Viejo on September 1, 1896 to ask for his aid in raiding Imus. Together, they proceeded to the town accompanied with a brass band. The friars headed by Friar Eduarte and the \"Gurdia Civil\" saw them approaching and fled towards the Imus Hacienda where they bottled up and were subsequently subdued. The second time Aguinaldo met Tagle was on September 3, 1896 when the latter went to his headquarters again to ask for reinforcements in view of the impending attack by strong Spanish forces from Manila then massing off Bacoor.", "The first leader of the diocese and bishop of Cavite is Msgr. Artemio Casas, originally from Meycauayan, Bulacan. The current Bishop of Imus is the Most Rev. Reynaldo G. Evangelista, O.F.S., D.D., previously bishop of the Diocese of Boac and a native of Batangas, who was appointed by Pope Francis on April 8, 2013, his first pontifical appointment in the Philippines. He replaced Bishop Luis Tagle (whose paternal ancestry is from Imus) after his installation as the Archbishop of Manila in December 12, 2011. Most Rev. Evangelista was installed as the fifth Bishop of Imus on June 5, 2013. The cathedral was declared a structure of historical significance with the placing of a historical marker by then National Historical Institute of the Philippines on November 13, 2006. The image of the patroness of the Imus Cathedral, \"Our Lady of the Pillar of Imus\", was canonically crowned on December 3, 2012 by Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle. It was originally scheduled for November 26 but the elevation of Archbishop Tagle into a Cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI necessitated the move. Vicariate of Our Lady of the Pillar (City of Imus) Vicar Forane: Rev Fr. Melencio Sandoval", "Tagle was born on June 21, 1957, the eldest child of devout Catholic parents, Manuel Topacio Tagle, an ethnic Tagalog and his Chinese Filipino wife, Milagros Gokim, who previously worked for Equitable PCI Bank. Tagle's paternal grandfather, Florencio, came from Imus, Cavite; the Tagle family were from the Hispanic, lowland Christian aristocracy known as the Principalia, which were the elite prior to the 1896 Philippine Revolution. Florencio was injured by a bomb explosion during the Second World War; Tagle's grandmother made a living by running a local diner. After attending elementary and high school at Saint Andrew's School in Paranaque, he was influenced by priest friends to enter the Jesuit San Jose Seminary, which sent him for studies at the Jesuit Ateneo de Manila University. Tagle earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in pre-divinity from Ateneo in 1977 and then a Master of Arts in theology at its Loyola School of Theology. Tagle earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology at the Catholic University of America from 1987 to 1991. He wrote his dissertation under the direction of Joseph A. Komonchak on the development of the concept of episcopal collegiality at the Second Vatican Council and the influence of Pope Paul VI. Tagle also attended doctrinal courses at the Institute of Pope Paul VI University. In Komonchak's estimation, Tagle was \"one of the best students I had in over 40 years of teaching\" and \"could have become the best theologian in the Philippines, or even in all of Asia\" had he not been appointed bishop. Tagle has received honorary degrees from Catholic Theological Union  and La Salle University.", "After a bloodless and successful revolt, Aguinaldo quickly armed his men and by September 1896, Aguinaldo had a major force of 600 men and they marched to the city of Imus to the south of Kawit, to Aguinaldo, Imus was a strategic place to capture because of its proximity to Manila. Slowly men began to follow Aguinaldo's army, passing by villages along the way, men of all ages dawned their bolos, pistols and other weapons and joined the army, by the time they arrived at the bridge of Imus, Aguinaldo had 12,000 men, dishearted from a previous Imus attack led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, Aguinaldo thought of a clever psychological tactic to boost the morale of his men. Aside from the confidence from the Kawit revolt, Aguinaldo organised for a town band to march along with them, the band was playing the tune of the \"Battalia de Jolo\" and soon his men were in fighting spirit, receiving further news from an Imus general, Jose Tagle, with 100 men under his command, he fed Aguinaldo intelligence on the defenses at Imus, three days after meeting with Tagle, Aguinaldo reached Imus bridge. With knowledge of the enemy's plans, his men took up arms and fought.", "The battle that followed resulted in the defeat of the Spaniards by the Spanish General Ernesto de Aguirre, and the capture of his sword or \"sable del mando\" crafted in Toledo, Spain. Aguinaldo used the sword as his command throughout the Revolution. In recognition of his leadership that contributed to the victory in Imus, Aguinaldo appointed Tagle as Municipal Captain of the town with authority of choosing his companions in establishing the government and organizing a revolutionary army in Imus. He was married to Isabel Bella and they had three children, namely, Agustina Tagle-Ramirez, Veronica Tagle-Gordon and Jos\u00e9 Tagle, Jr.  Veronica Tagle married John Jacob Gordon, an American who was stationed at Subic Naval Base. They had a child named James L. Gordon, the former mayor of Olongapo City. He died quietly, leaving behind no pictures, letters or war mementos. Tagle was portrayed by Gary Estrada in the 2012 film, \"El Presidente\"."], "answer": {"text": "To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion....", "answer_start": 505}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide me with some information on the Bishop of Imus?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da1266244c50489589659d3e0c9f8e98_0_q#2", "question": "Was becoming the Bishop of Imus a positive experience for him?", "rewrite": "Was becoming the Bishop of Imus a positive experience for Luis Antonio Tagle?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Roman Catholic Diocese of Imus The Diocese of Imus (; Tagalog: \" Diyosesis ng Imus\"; Spanish and Chavacano: \"Di\u00f3cesis de Imus\") comprises the entire province of Cavite. The diocese was canonically erected on November 25, 1961, when it was excised from the Archdiocese of Manila. Imus Cathedral, located along General Casta\u00f1eda Street in the \"poblacion\" of Imus, serves as the see of the diocese. It is one of twelve cathedrals founded by the Order of Augustinian Recollects in the Philippines. The diocese is home to around 2,510,000 Roman Catholics spread across four episcopal districts, eleven vicariates, 80 parishes, three pastoral centers, a Catholic community, a national shrine (Our Lady of La Salette), and four were declared as diocesan shrines. There are 184 priests in the diocese, 95 of which are diocesan and 89 are religious. In 2011, the Diocese of Imus celebrated the Golden Jubilee of its establishment. Activities were held within the diocese to mark the momentous event. Prior to the occasion, the celebration of the 5th Asian Youth Day in 2009 was also held in the diocese. The diocese is under the patronage of the Virgin Mary under the title Our Lady of the Pillar, whose feast day is celebrated on October 12. The image of Our Lady was canonically crowned by Luis Antonio G. Cardinal Tagle, the Archbishop of Manila and former Bishop of Imus, in a solemn ceremony held in 2012. Through the zeal of the first missionaries of spreading the Catholic faith, they also helped in founding most of the towns of Cavite province. Among the religious orders that Christianized the Cavite\u00f1os were the Franciscans, the Recollects, the Dominicans and the Jesuits.", "The first leader of the diocese and bishop of Cavite is Msgr. Artemio Casas, originally from Meycauayan, Bulacan. The current Bishop of Imus is the Most Rev. Reynaldo G. Evangelista, O.F.S., D.D., previously bishop of the Diocese of Boac and a native of Batangas, who was appointed by Pope Francis on April 8, 2013, his first pontifical appointment in the Philippines. He replaced Bishop Luis Tagle (whose paternal ancestry is from Imus) after his installation as the Archbishop of Manila in December 12, 2011. Most Rev. Evangelista was installed as the fifth Bishop of Imus on June 5, 2013. The cathedral was declared a structure of historical significance with the placing of a historical marker by then National Historical Institute of the Philippines on November 13, 2006. The image of the patroness of the Imus Cathedral, \"Our Lady of the Pillar of Imus\", was canonically crowned on December 3, 2012 by Luis Antonio Cardinal Tagle. It was originally scheduled for November 26 but the elevation of Archbishop Tagle into a Cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI necessitated the move. Vicariate of Our Lady of the Pillar (City of Imus) Vicar Forane: Rev Fr. Melencio Sandoval", "The \"karakol\" spelled as KA-RA-KOL, is an acronym with \"KA\" for \"KAhapong kay yaman\" - an introspective look into the glorious history of the diocese; \"RA\" for \"RAdikal na pagsunod kay Kristo,\" a call for reconciliation and conversion into the fullness of God's love by following the example of Jesus Christ; and \"KOL\" for \"KOLektibong pagkilos,\" which envisioned a collective effort on the part of all Catholic faithful in the province to fulfill its mission of spreading God's word. Prior to the jubilee year, a three-year preparation for the celebration (from 2009 to 2011) was led by then Bishop Luis Antonio Tagle, who was later appointed as the Archbishop of Manila. He led the opening of the jubilee year with a Mass celebrated at the patio of the Imus Cathedral on the midnight of the foundation day of the diocese, November 25, 2011. Among the highlights of the event was the opening of the cathedral's Jubilee Door. All the Catholic faithful who would pass through the door would be granted a plenary indulgence under the usual conditions. On October 16, 2012, a Mass for the celebration of the anniversary of the Cathedral's dedication was celebrated by Most Rev. Bishop Pedro Arigo D.D., then apostolic vicar of Puerto Princesa and a native of Kawit. The Grand Diocesan Procession was held on the streets of Imus after the Mass which featured the images of the patron saints of every parish in the Diocese. On November 26, 2012, Mass and the closing of the Cathedral's Jubilee door was celebrated by Archbishop Rolando Tria Tirona Archbishop of Caceres and a native of Kawit.", "Jos\u00e9 Tagle  Jos\u00e9 Tagle y Santarin (March 18, 1855 in Barangay Bayan Luma, Imus, Cavite \u2013 September 12, 1910) was a Filipino military officer who participated in the Battle of Imus during the Philippine Revolution. Prior to the Philippine Revolution, the Tagles were part of the Principal\u00eda, the country's lowland, Hispanic colonized aristocracy. Jos\u00e9 Tagle was one of the seven children of Benito Tagle and Simona Santarin, both of Imus. He grew up and received his early education in the local school. Among the descendants of Tagle's siblings are Manila archbishop Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle (great-grandson of his brother Macario) and Purita Tagle Abad-Lopa (granddaughter of his brother Guillermo), who was the wife of tycoon and industrialist Manuel Lopa Sr.. Lopa's children married into the Aranetas, Cojuangcos and Montinolas families. He is the great-grandfather of politician Richard J. Gordon. Jos\u00e9 Tagle played a significant role in the opening battle of the Philippine Revolution in Cavite. According to General Emilio Aguinaldo\u2019s account of the battle, Jos\u00e9 Tagle, then head of Barangay Pilar of Imus, first came to his headquarters at Cavite El Viejo on September 1, 1896 to ask for his aid in raiding Imus. Together, they proceeded to the town accompanied with a brass band. The friars headed by Friar Eduarte and the \"Gurdia Civil\" saw them approaching and fled towards the Imus Hacienda where they bottled up and were subsequently subdued. The second time Aguinaldo met Tagle was on September 3, 1896 when the latter went to his headquarters again to ask for reinforcements in view of the impending attack by strong Spanish forces from Manila then massing off Bacoor.", "Most Rev. Luis Antonio Tagle, then Bishop of Imus, was named Archbishop of Manila on October 13, 2011. Known as \"Fr. Chito\" to San Carlos as he used to be a Professor at the Theology Department from 1982 to 1985, Archbishop Tagle continues the vision of his predecessor, Cardinal Rosales, to uplift and deepen the formation program of the seminarians through regular pastoral and theological updating and strengthening the seminary's thrust in human formation of the seminarians. He was elevated to the College of Cardinals on November 24, 2012 by Pope Benedict XVI. Some of the historic events that took place in San Carlos Seminary were the following: the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines (January 20 to February 17, 1991); the Sixth Plenary Assembly of the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences (January 10\u201319, 1995); the grace-filled visit of Pope John Paul II (January 15, 1995); the National Pastoral Consultation on Church Renewal (January 20\u201327, 2001); and the Second National Rural Congress (July 7\u20138, 2008). Through the years, the seminary has produced many dedicated and zealous men who have served for the mission of the Church. Some of San Carlos Seminary's distinguished alumni are GOMBURZA priests Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora, priest-martyrs who became inspiration for Philippine independence during Spanish times, Rufino Santos, the first Filipino Cardinal, Ricardo Vidal, Cardinal Archbishop of Cebu, Bishop Nereo Odchimar, the newly elected president of the Catholic Bishops\u2019 Conference of the Philippines, and many bishops and priests who dedicatedly served the Church. The seminary is considered a national architectural heritage, since its architect during the building construction of 1951 to 1952 is Juan Nakpil, National Artist for Architecture."], "answer": {"text": "he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears. He contrasted Christian worship with false forms of adoration:", "answer_start": 1497}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide me with some information on the Bishop of Imus?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some important aspects of it?", "answer": {"text": "To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion....", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da1266244c50489589659d3e0c9f8e98_0_q#3", "question": "Did that end up becoming a controversy?", "rewrite": "Did contrasting Christian worship with false forms of adoration end up becoming a controversy?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus. During his ten years in Imus, he made a point of living simply, owned no car, and invited the destitute to join him for a meal. At the first gathering of bishops under Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, he spoke from the floor about the inadequacy of the number of priests in the Philippines. He said:  To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion.... The faithful know the difference between a bible service and Eucharist, a priest and a lay minister. Many communities wait for the gift of the priesthood and the Eucharist with humility. To the concept that priestly vocation are a gift from God he countered: \"we should also ask whether the Church is a good steward of the gift.\" He told a news conference that \"The first Sunday after my ordination as a priest, I said nine Masses, and that is regular in the Philippines.\" Discussing priestly celibacy, Cardinal Angelo Scola, the synod moderator, expressed reservations about modifications to the Church's requirement of celibacy for the priesthood. In response, Tagle suggested that the Church should consider such a change to combat the shortage of priests. At the 2008 International Eucharistic Congress in Quebec, Canada, he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears. He contrasted Christian worship with false forms of adoration:  It is sad that those who worship idols sacrifice other people while preserving themselves and their interests.", "Christian Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal Christian Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal (CW) is the newest official hymnal of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS). It was prepared by the WELS Commission on Worship and published by Northwestern Publishing House, the official publisher of the WELS. \" Christian Worship\" was intended to succeed \"The Lutheran Hymnal\" (\"TLH\") as the common hymnal of the WELS. In 2008, the \"Christian Worship Supplement\" (\"CWS\") was released, containing several new orders of service, psalms, and hymns. After using \"The Lutheran Hymnal\" for a little over a decade, the Missouri Synod invited the WELS to join them in producing a revised version in 1953; however, the Missouri Synod abandoned this project in 1965. The Missouri Synod instead later published \"Lutheran Worship,\" after withdrawing from the intersynodical collaboration that produced the \"Lutheran Book of Worship\". During a synod convention in 1983, the WELS approved the creation of a new hymnal, leading to the formation of the WELS Commission on Worship and beginning of work on the new hymnal in 1984. The hymnal, containing 623 hymns, was published in 1993. In addition to the pew edition, several other editions of CW are available: In addition to the accompaniment editions of the hymnal, NPH offers an edition of \"Christian Worship\" known as \"HymnSoft\". This computer program is structured in order to allow churches without pianists and organists to easily play hymns, psalms, and liturgy using a computer. Playback is in MIDI and can use the computer's own on-board midi synthesizer with internal or external speakers, or can be connected to a MIDI capable keyboard, piano, or organ. External MIDI files can be added using the Player Module, which can execute scripts for an entire service.", "In Evangelicalism (baptism, pentecostalism, evangelical charismatic movement, neo-charismatic movement and nondenominational Christianity), worship is viewed like an act of adoration of God, with a more informal conception. Some gatherings take place in auditoriums with few religious signs. There is no dress style. Since the beginning of charismatic movement of the 1960s there have been significant changes to Christian worship practices of many denominations. A new music-centered approach to worship, known as contemporary worship, is now commonplace. This replaces the traditional order of worship based around liturgy or a \"hymn-prayer sandwich\" with extended periods of congregational singing sometimes referred to as \"block worship\". The worship has two parts; one in the beginning with music and the second part with sermon and Lord's Supper. In 1980s and 1990s, Contemporary worship music settled in many Evangelical churches. This music is written in the style of popular music, christian rock or folk music and therefore differs considerably from traditional hymns. It is frequently played on a range of instruments that would not have previously been used in churches such as guitars (including electric) and drum kits. Christian worship take many forms, and set liturgies may have different names. Services typically include:", "Christian worship In Christianity, worship is the act of attributing reverent honor and homage to God. In the New Testament, various words are used to refer to the term worship. One is \"proskuneo\" (\"to worship\") which means to bow down to God or kings. Throughout most of Christianity's history, corporate Christian worship has been liturgical, characterized by prayers and hymns, with texts rooted in, or closely related to, the Scripture, particularly the Psalter; this form of sacramental and ceremonial worship is still practiced by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican churches, as well as some Protestant denominations such as Lutheranism and Methodism. In Evangelicalism, worship is viewed like an act of adoration of God, with a more informal conception. The term liturgy is derived from the Greek \"leitourgia\" meaning \"public service\" and is formed by two words: \"laos\" (people) and \"ergon\" (work), literally \"work of the people\". Responsorial prayers are a series of petitions read or sung by a leader with responses made by the congregation. Set times for prayer during the day were established (based substantially on Jewish models), and a festal cycle throughout the Church year governed the celebration of feasts and holy days pertaining to the events in the life of Jesus, the lives of the saints, and aspects of the Godhead. A great deal of emphasis was placed on the forms of worship, as they were seen in terms of the Latin phrase \"lex orandi, lex credendi\" (\"the rule of prayer is the rule of belief\")\u2014that is, the specifics of one's worship express, teach, and govern the doctrinal beliefs of the community.", "The Planning Christian Worship materials also has its own module for Hymnsoft. As of March 2018, Hymnsoft version 3.2 is the current version of the software. It includes recordings of all music, hymns, and psalms in the Christian Worship hymnal, Christian Worship Supplement, and Christian Worship Occasional Services. After \"Christian Worship\" was published, the WELS decided that a hymnal should serve for 25-30 years, unlike the 52 years served by TLH. In 2003, the WELS began work on \"Christian Worship: Supplement\". It was published in 2008, 15 years after \"Christian Worship\", and contains 88 hymns numbered from 701 to 788. The hymnal was intended to be used alongside \"Christian Worship\", providing a newer and broader range of hymns, psalms, and liturgical materials. It was also used to gain feedback for the next hymnal, which will replace \"Christian Worship\". The WELS in convention has authorized the formation of a committee to plan a new hymnal to be released in 2024 (31 years after \"Christian Worship\"). The new hymnal is currently under development and has a blog at http://welshymnal.com/ that contains information and news on the project's status."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide me with some information on the Bishop of Imus?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some important aspects of it?", "answer": {"text": "To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion....", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was becoming the Bishop of Imus a positive experience for him?", "answer": {"text": "he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears. He contrasted Christian worship with false forms of adoration:", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da1266244c50489589659d3e0c9f8e98_0_q#4", "question": "What happened after the Chrisian worship incident?", "rewrite": "What happened after the Chrisian worship incident that Tagle caused?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Juan Antonio de Tagle y Bracho, Count of Casa Tagle de Trasierra Don Juan Antonio de Tagle-Bracho y de la Pascua Calder\u00f3n, Count of Casa Tagle de Trasierra (1685-March 27, 1750) was a Spanish/Peruvian aristocrat who alongside his uncle the Marquis of Torre Tagle, had high status in Spain and Peru in the 17th century. Juan Antonio was born in Cig\u00fcenza (to less than 6 kilometers of Ruiloba) on 1685. He was the son of Don Antonio de Tagle y Bracho and Do\u00f1a Marta de la Pascua Calder\u00f3n. His father was the brother of Don Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle y Bracho, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle and is a member of the Tagle Family. On 1711, Juan Antonio immigrated to America. In Peru, he rec1ieved the title of Knight of the Order of Calatrava and was appointed Sergeant Major of the Police Militias of Lima. On 1745, Juan Antonio was granted the title of Count of Tagle by the grace of King Ferdinand VI of Spain due to his loyal service to the Spanish Crown. One of his most commendable services to the crown was of Colonizing. Because the Count was in charge of the formation of new towns for the natives. Like his uncle, the Count made a large fortune while in Peru. The Count died childless on March 27, 1750. His title was then passed down to his nephew, Nicolas de Tagle y Sanchez de Tagle.", "Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle y Bracho, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle Don Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle-Bracho y P\u00e9rez de la Riva, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle (1644 \u2013 August 4, 1740) was a Peruvian aristocrat who had high status in Spain and Peru in the 17th century. Jos\u00e9 Tagle y Bracho was born in Valle de Alfoz de Lloredo, Ruiloba, Cantabria, Spain and is a member of the Tagle family; one of the Spain's best and well known aristocratic families. He was baptised on April 9, 1644 at the Iglesia Parroquial del Valle de Alfoz de Lloredo in Santander, Spain. Jos\u00e9 Bernardo was the son of Don Domingo de Tagle y Bracho and Do\u00f1a Maria P\u00e9rez de la Riva; both Spanish Hidalgos. He then married Do\u00f1a Rosa Juliana S\u00e1nchez de Tagle; who was also a member of an important Cantabrian aristocratic family originated from Santillana del Mar, which apparently belonged to the Marquis of Altamira and shared a common ancestor with the Marquis of Torre Tagle. Jos\u00e9 Bernardo later rose to the position of Treasurer of the Spanish Royal Armada and on the 26th of November 1730, he was granted the title 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle by the grace of King Philip V of Spain. He then lived in Peru where he issued the building of his own residential palace, the Torre Tagle Palace. He was also the blood uncle of Don Juan Antonio de Tagle y Bracho; Count of Casa Tagle de Trasierra. The Marquis died on August 4, 1740 at the age of 96.", "Tagle was born on June 21, 1957, the eldest child of devout Catholic parents, Manuel Topacio Tagle, an ethnic Tagalog and his Chinese Filipino wife, Milagros Gokim, who previously worked for Equitable PCI Bank. Tagle's paternal grandfather, Florencio, came from Imus, Cavite; the Tagle family were from the Hispanic, lowland Christian aristocracy known as the Principalia, which were the elite prior to the 1896 Philippine Revolution. Florencio was injured by a bomb explosion during the Second World War; Tagle's grandmother made a living by running a local diner. After attending elementary and high school at Saint Andrew's School in Paranaque, he was influenced by priest friends to enter the Jesuit San Jose Seminary, which sent him for studies at the Jesuit Ateneo de Manila University. Tagle earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in pre-divinity from Ateneo in 1977 and then a Master of Arts in theology at its Loyola School of Theology. Tagle earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology at the Catholic University of America from 1987 to 1991. He wrote his dissertation under the direction of Joseph A. Komonchak on the development of the concept of episcopal collegiality at the Second Vatican Council and the influence of Pope Paul VI. Tagle also attended doctrinal courses at the Institute of Pope Paul VI University. In Komonchak's estimation, Tagle was \"one of the best students I had in over 40 years of teaching\" and \"could have become the best theologian in the Philippines, or even in all of Asia\" had he not been appointed bishop. Tagle has received honorary degrees from Catholic Theological Union  and La Salle University.", "Manuela S\u00e1nchez de Tagle, 3rd Marquesa of Altamira Do\u00f1a Manuela S\u00e1nchez de Tagle y S\u00e1nchez de Tagle, 3rd Marquesa of Altamira was a Spanish-Mexican aristocrat. Do\u00f1a Manuela was the daughter of Don Pedro S\u00e1nchez de Tagle, 2nd Marquis of Altamira and Do\u00f1a Luisa S\u00e1nchez de Tagle, daughter of Don Luis S\u00e1nchez de Tagle, 1st Marquis of Altamira. Her parent are first cousins, making her a product of inbreeding. Do\u00f1a Manuela married on April 12, 1714, Don Pedro P\u00e9rez de Tagle, a distant relative and a member of the House of Tagle. Together they had a daughter, Do\u00f1a Luisa P\u00e9rez de Tagle y S\u00e1nchez de Tagle. She succeeded her father Don Pedro and became the 3rd Marquesa of Altamira. The marquesa and her husband continued on the family business and enriched the Hacienda Cuisillos, which was the prime distributor of tequila in New Spain. She was succeeded by her only daughter Do\u00f1a Luisa P\u00e9rez de Tagle, who became the 4th Marquesa of Altamira", "Rosa Juliana S\u00e1nchez de Tagle, Marquesa of Torre Tagle Rosa Juliana S\u00e1nchez de Tagle y Hidalgo, Marquesa of Torre Tagle (1647 \u2013 November 11, 1761) was a Peruvian aristocrat who descended from an important and influential Spanish aristocratic family which included the Marquis of Altamira. She also a shares the same ancestor as her husband the Marquis of Torre Tagle, as they both descended from the ancient line of Tagle founded in the Kingdom of Asturias. Rosa Juliana was the daughter of Don Francisco S\u00e1nchez de Tagle y Castro Velarde and Do\u00f1a Mar\u00eda Josefa Hidalgo S\u00e1nchez y Vel\u00e1squez G\u00f3mez, both Spanish Hidalgos. She was born is San Jer\u00f3nimo de Say\u00e1n, Huaura, Lima, Peru on 1647. She married Don Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle y Bracho, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle at Parroquia el Sagrario de la Catedral de Lima in Peru, and lived at the exquisite Torre Tagle Palace. Both S\u00e1nchez de Tagle y Hidalgo and Ana Maria, Empress of Mexico descended from the line of the Marquis of Altamira and members of the Tagle Family."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide me with some information on the Bishop of Imus?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some important aspects of it?", "answer": {"text": "To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion....", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was becoming the Bishop of Imus a positive experience for him?", "answer": {"text": "he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears. He contrasted Christian worship with false forms of adoration:", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that end up becoming a controversy?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_da1266244c50489589659d3e0c9f8e98_0_q#5", "question": "What else followed or happened after?", "rewrite": "Aside from the Christian worship incident that Tagle caused, what else followed or happened after?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rosa Juliana S\u00e1nchez de Tagle, Marquesa of Torre Tagle Rosa Juliana S\u00e1nchez de Tagle y Hidalgo, Marquesa of Torre Tagle (1647 \u2013 November 11, 1761) was a Peruvian aristocrat who descended from an important and influential Spanish aristocratic family which included the Marquis of Altamira. She also a shares the same ancestor as her husband the Marquis of Torre Tagle, as they both descended from the ancient line of Tagle founded in the Kingdom of Asturias. Rosa Juliana was the daughter of Don Francisco S\u00e1nchez de Tagle y Castro Velarde and Do\u00f1a Mar\u00eda Josefa Hidalgo S\u00e1nchez y Vel\u00e1squez G\u00f3mez, both Spanish Hidalgos. She was born is San Jer\u00f3nimo de Say\u00e1n, Huaura, Lima, Peru on 1647. She married Don Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle y Bracho, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle at Parroquia el Sagrario de la Catedral de Lima in Peru, and lived at the exquisite Torre Tagle Palace. Both S\u00e1nchez de Tagle y Hidalgo and Ana Maria, Empress of Mexico descended from the line of the Marquis of Altamira and members of the Tagle Family.", "Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle y Bracho, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle Don Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle-Bracho y P\u00e9rez de la Riva, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle (1644 \u2013 August 4, 1740) was a Peruvian aristocrat who had high status in Spain and Peru in the 17th century. Jos\u00e9 Tagle y Bracho was born in Valle de Alfoz de Lloredo, Ruiloba, Cantabria, Spain and is a member of the Tagle family; one of the Spain's best and well known aristocratic families. He was baptised on April 9, 1644 at the Iglesia Parroquial del Valle de Alfoz de Lloredo in Santander, Spain. Jos\u00e9 Bernardo was the son of Don Domingo de Tagle y Bracho and Do\u00f1a Maria P\u00e9rez de la Riva; both Spanish Hidalgos. He then married Do\u00f1a Rosa Juliana S\u00e1nchez de Tagle; who was also a member of an important Cantabrian aristocratic family originated from Santillana del Mar, which apparently belonged to the Marquis of Altamira and shared a common ancestor with the Marquis of Torre Tagle. Jos\u00e9 Bernardo later rose to the position of Treasurer of the Spanish Royal Armada and on the 26th of November 1730, he was granted the title 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle by the grace of King Philip V of Spain. He then lived in Peru where he issued the building of his own residential palace, the Torre Tagle Palace. He was also the blood uncle of Don Juan Antonio de Tagle y Bracho; Count of Casa Tagle de Trasierra. The Marquis died on August 4, 1740 at the age of 96.", "Christian Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal Christian Worship: A Lutheran Hymnal (CW) is the newest official hymnal of the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS). It was prepared by the WELS Commission on Worship and published by Northwestern Publishing House, the official publisher of the WELS. \" Christian Worship\" was intended to succeed \"The Lutheran Hymnal\" (\"TLH\") as the common hymnal of the WELS. In 2008, the \"Christian Worship Supplement\" (\"CWS\") was released, containing several new orders of service, psalms, and hymns. After using \"The Lutheran Hymnal\" for a little over a decade, the Missouri Synod invited the WELS to join them in producing a revised version in 1953; however, the Missouri Synod abandoned this project in 1965. The Missouri Synod instead later published \"Lutheran Worship,\" after withdrawing from the intersynodical collaboration that produced the \"Lutheran Book of Worship\". During a synod convention in 1983, the WELS approved the creation of a new hymnal, leading to the formation of the WELS Commission on Worship and beginning of work on the new hymnal in 1984. The hymnal, containing 623 hymns, was published in 1993. In addition to the pew edition, several other editions of CW are available: In addition to the accompaniment editions of the hymnal, NPH offers an edition of \"Christian Worship\" known as \"HymnSoft\". This computer program is structured in order to allow churches without pianists and organists to easily play hymns, psalms, and liturgy using a computer. Playback is in MIDI and can use the computer's own on-board midi synthesizer with internal or external speakers, or can be connected to a MIDI capable keyboard, piano, or organ. External MIDI files can be added using the Player Module, which can execute scripts for an entire service.", "Juan Antonio de Tagle y Bracho, Count of Casa Tagle de Trasierra Don Juan Antonio de Tagle-Bracho y de la Pascua Calder\u00f3n, Count of Casa Tagle de Trasierra (1685-March 27, 1750) was a Spanish/Peruvian aristocrat who alongside his uncle the Marquis of Torre Tagle, had high status in Spain and Peru in the 17th century. Juan Antonio was born in Cig\u00fcenza (to less than 6 kilometers of Ruiloba) on 1685. He was the son of Don Antonio de Tagle y Bracho and Do\u00f1a Marta de la Pascua Calder\u00f3n. His father was the brother of Don Jos\u00e9 Bernardo de Tagle y Bracho, 1st Marquis of Torre Tagle and is a member of the Tagle Family. On 1711, Juan Antonio immigrated to America. In Peru, he rec1ieved the title of Knight of the Order of Calatrava and was appointed Sergeant Major of the Police Militias of Lima. On 1745, Juan Antonio was granted the title of Count of Tagle by the grace of King Ferdinand VI of Spain due to his loyal service to the Spanish Crown. One of his most commendable services to the crown was of Colonizing. Because the Count was in charge of the formation of new towns for the natives. Like his uncle, the Count made a large fortune while in Peru. The Count died childless on March 27, 1750. His title was then passed down to his nephew, Nicolas de Tagle y Sanchez de Tagle.", "The Planning Christian Worship materials also has its own module for Hymnsoft. As of March 2018, Hymnsoft version 3.2 is the current version of the software. It includes recordings of all music, hymns, and psalms in the Christian Worship hymnal, Christian Worship Supplement, and Christian Worship Occasional Services. After \"Christian Worship\" was published, the WELS decided that a hymnal should serve for 25-30 years, unlike the 52 years served by TLH. In 2003, the WELS began work on \"Christian Worship: Supplement\". It was published in 2008, 15 years after \"Christian Worship\", and contains 88 hymns numbered from 701 to 788. The hymnal was intended to be used alongside \"Christian Worship\", providing a newer and broader range of hymns, psalms, and liturgical materials. It was also used to gain feedback for the next hymnal, which will replace \"Christian Worship\". The WELS in convention has authorized the formation of a committee to plan a new hymnal to be released in 2024 (31 years after \"Christian Worship\"). The new hymnal is currently under development and has a blog at http://welshymnal.com/ that contains information and news on the project's status."], "answer": {"text": "He told a news conference that \"The first Sunday after my ordination as a priest, I said nine Masses, and that is regular in the Philippines.\"", "answer_start": 1001}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide me with some information on the Bishop of Imus?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Tagle was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some important aspects of it?", "answer": {"text": "To respond to the hunger for the Eucharist, priests say many masses, accept multiple intentions and send lay ministers for the service of the Word with communion....", "answer_start": 505, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was becoming the Bishop of Imus a positive experience for him?", "answer": {"text": "he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears. He contrasted Christian worship with false forms of adoration:", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that end up becoming a controversy?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the Chrisian worship incident?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Don't Stop Believin': Everyman's Journey  Don't Stop Believin': Everyman's Journey is a 2012 American documentary film of the band Journey and its new lead vocalist Arnel Pineda. The film shows the band during the Revelation Tour in the United States and Pineda's homecoming in Manila, Philippines where they performed in front of 25,000 people. \"Don't Stop Believin': Everyman's Journey\" received mixed to positive reviews, holding a 62% \"fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes; the consensus states: \"An energetic but thin portrait of the venerable rock band Journey, \"Don't Stop Believin\" gets a boost from new singer Arnel Pineda's charming personality. \" It has a 53/100 rating on Metacritic, signifying \"mixed or average reviews\". The film opened the 2013-2014 season of PBS's \"Independent Lens\", where it won the Audience Award.", "Robert Fleischman Robert Fleischman (born March 11, 1953) is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is known for working with the rock group Journey, briefly as their lead vocalist in 1977 and occasionally thereafter a songwriting collaborator. Fleischman, originally the frontman of LA band Staggerwing is perhaps best known as the lead singer for the rock band Journey from June until November 1977, between the group's albums, \"Next\" and \"Infinity\". He appeared in live concert performances with Journey and co-wrote and recorded numerous studio demo tracks during the band's early writing sessions for the upcoming album, \"Infinity\". Three of those co-written tracks appear on the album: \"Anytime\", \"Wheel in the Sky\" (reaching #57 on the \"Billboard\" charts), and \"Winds of March\". The only officially released Journey song featuring Fleischman's vocals is \"For You\" which can be found on Journey's box-set release, \"Time\", as well as on Fleischman's 1979 solo album entitled \"Perfect Stranger\". He may have also contributed to the track \"Velvet Curtain\" (also found on \"Time\") which was later re-written as \"Feeling That Way\" and credited to Aynsley Dunbar, Steve Perry, and Gregg Rolie. While former Journey manager Herbie Herbert states that he was fired for personality differences, Fleischman maintains that he was already signed to another manager, Barry Fey, and left Journey over management complications but remained friends with the band. In January 2005 when Journey received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Fleischman was one of Journey's specially invited guests at the \"Journey: Past And Present\" ceremony. Fleischman was also associated with the English rock group Asia for a short time.", "Tron (soundtrack)  Tron: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album for the 1982 film of the same name, composed by Wendy Carlos with two additional musical tracks which were provided by the band Journey after British band Supertramp pulled out of the project. The album was released on July 9, 1982, the day of release of the film. The soundtrack for \"TRON\" was written by pioneer electronic musician Wendy Carlos, who is best known for her album \"Switched- On Bach\" and for the soundtracks to many films, including \"A Clockwork Orange\" and \"The Shining\". The music, which was the first collaboration between Carlos and her partner Annemarie Franklin, featured a mix of an analog Moog synthesizer and Crumar's GDS digital synthesizer (complex additive and phase modulation synthesis), along with non-electronic pieces performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra (hired at the insistence of Disney, which was concerned that Carlos might not be able to complete her score on time). Two additional musical tracks were provided by the band Journey after British band Supertramp pulled out of the project. Shortly before the release of TRON, Walt Disney Pictures edited out the second part of the ending title's score from the film, and replaced it with the song \"Only Solutions\". This was done after the soundtrack album was already completed, so the soundtrack album features Carlos' complete piece for the end titles. As one of the special features on the 2002 2 disc 20th anniversary DVD and Blu-ray versions of the film, a version of the end titles is presented with Carlos' score intact.", "Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals is the second extended play (EP) by the cast of musical television series \"Glee\". Containing six songs from the season one finale \"Journey to Regionals\", it was released on June 8, 2010, the same day the episode aired. Half of the tracks are cover versions of songs by American rock band Journey. The EP debuted at the top of the US \"Billboard\" 200 and Soundtrack charts, with first-week sales of 154,000 copies. Unlike previous \"Glee\" releases, no singles were released from this album, but all of its tracks managed to appear on multiple national charts. Songs were generally received favorably, with many enjoying the Journey covers. The setlist of Glee Live! In Concert!, the cast's first concert tour, included three songs from the \"Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals\". The season one finale of \"Glee\" first aired on Fox on June 8, 2010 in the US. The episode sees the fictional William McKinley High School glee club New Directions compete at the 2010 Midwest Regional Show Choir Championships. Director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) decides to have New Directions pay tribute to American rock band Journey. This was not only as homage to the cast's cover of \"Don't Stop Believin' in the season one premiere that led to his decision to remain at the school, but as a representation of the path undertaken to arrive at the Regionals level of competition. They perform a medley of Journey songs: the love ballad \"Faithfully\", with Lea Michele and Cory Monteith on lead vocals as Rachel Berry and Finn Hudson, respectively, transitions into a mashup of \"Any Way You Want It\" and \"Lovin', Touchin', Squeezin\".", "Steve Smith (American musician) Steven Bruce Smith (born August 21, 1954) is an American drummer best known as a member of the rock band Journey, rejoining the group for the third time in 2015. \"Modern Drummer\" magazine readers have voted him the No. 1 All-Around Drummer five years in a row. In 2001, the publication named Smith one of the Top 25 Drummers of All Time, and in 2002 he was voted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey on April 7, 2017. Smith received his first drum kit at age two and in 1963 he began taking formal lessons with local Boston area drum teacher Bill Flanagan, who played in big bands in the swing era. Smith got his first \"real\" drum set when he was 12 years old. On many nights, Steve could be heard practicing in a small shed in the backyard of his Harvard Street home. Smith performed in the usual school band program and garage bands while in his teens, including Clyde, a South Shore sensation, but also began to broaden his performing experience by playing in a professional concert band and the big band at local Bridgewater State College. Smith's first \"paid gig\" was with a garage band. He graduated from high school in 1972, and at 19 he joined the Lin Biviano Big Band, playing with them for two years. After high school, Smith attended the Berklee College of Music and studied with Alan Dawson. In the early 1990s, he studied with Freddie Gruber. He recorded and toured with jazz violinist Jean-Luc Ponty in 1977\u201378. He was the drummer on the Focus album \"Focus con Proby\" (1978) and played with Ronnie Montrose. From 1978\u20131985, he was the drummer for the rock band Journey."], "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#1", "question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "rewrite": "Why did Journey change their musical direction?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Various governments have defined maximum SAR levels for RF energy emitted by mobile devices: SAR values are heavily dependent on the size of the averaging volume. Without information about the averaging volume used, comparisons between different measurements cannot be made. Thus, the European 10-gram ratings should be compared among themselves, and the American 1-gram ratings should only be compared among themselves. To check SAR on your mobile phone, review the documentation provided with the phone, dial *#07# (only works on some models) or visit the manufacturer's website. For Magnetic Resonance Imaging the limits (described in IEC 60601-2-33) are slightly more complicated: (a) Local SAR is determined over the mass of 10 g. (b) The limit scales dynamically with the ratio \"exposed patient mass / patient mass\": NORMAL OPERATING MODE: Partial body SAR = 10 W/kg \u2013 (8 W/kg * exposed patient mass / patient mass)<br> FIRST LEVEL CONTROLLED OPERATING MODE: Partial body SAR = 10 W/kg \u2013 (6 W/kg * exposed patient mass / patient mass) (c) In cases where the orbit is in the field of a small local RF transmit coil, care should be taken to ensure that the temperature rise is limited to 1 \u00b0C. SAR limits set by law do not consider that the human body is particularly sensitive to the power peaks or frequencies responsible for the microwave hearing effect. Frey reports that the microwave hearing effect occurs with average power density exposures of 400 \u03bcW/cm, well below SAR limits (as set by government regulations). Notes: In comparison to the short term, relatively intensive exposures described above, for long term environmental exposure of the general public there is a limit of 0.08 W/kg averaged over the whole body.", "It received eight Drama Desk Award nominations including Best Musical, three for LaChiusa (Outstanding Book of a Musical, Music and Lyrics categories), two for Daniele ( Choreographer and Director categories) and nominations for actors Judy Blazer, John Cameron Mitchell and Donna Murphy. The original cast album was released in 1994 by RCA Victor. The musical received its professional European premiere in 2001 at London's Bridewell Theatre, as part of a series of musicals introducing the works of the next generation of major American musical theatre writers. It was directed by the theatre's co-Artistic Director Clive Paget with musical direction by Christopher Frost with a cast that featured Jenna Russell, Matt Rawle, Charles Shirvell and Nigel Richards. There were minor changes made to the score in this production as well as a substantial rewrite to \"Scene 8\" (The Writer and the Actress) overseen by the composer. In 2007, the musical received a controversial showing by The Satori Group at The Hustler Sound Stage, a building in Cincinnati that was once the headquarters for Hustler magazine, when publisher Larry Flynt was a local celebrity during the 1970s. Also in 2007, \"Hello Again\" premiered in Germany, at the Akademietheater im Prinzregententheater Munich. The production was directed by Silvia Armbruster with musical direction by Philip Tillotson, and the text was translated by Roman Hinze. In May 2008, it was given its Scandinavian premiere in Gothenburg and Bor\u00e5s in Sweden in a production directed by Vernon Mound with musical direction by Derek Barnes. The production used the revisions made for the London version and the text was translated by Fredrik Fischer and Linnea Sjunnesson together with members of the cast. The Transport Group presented the first New York City revival, opening on March 19, 2011 through April 3.", "Elegies (William Finn) Elegies is a song cycle by William Finn about the deaths of friends and family and is a response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. \" Elegies\" premiered at Lincoln Center in 2003 and has been performed in many other venues. The song cycle premiered at Lincoln Center, the Newhouse Theater (New York City), running from March 2, 2003 to April 19, 2003. Directed by Graciela Daniele, the cast starred Christian Borle, Betty Buckley, Carolee Carmello, Keith Byron Kirk, and Michael Rupert. The production was recorded nearly complete and released on compact disc by Fynsworth Alley (distributed through Var\u00e8se Sarabande). Most of the songs were composed in memory of Finn's friends, several of whom died of AIDS. Three songs deal specifically with the passing of his mother, Barbara Finn. The final set of songs deal with the collapse of the World Trade Center and its emotional aftermath. In a review of a regional production in 2004, the reviewer wrote: \"Never morbid, \"Elegies\" is touching, funny, and ultimately buoyant; floating on the spirits of those who inhabit its songs. Consisting of eighteen diverse musical moments, the styles and tones range throughout the musical from the unabashedly optimistic -- \"Life has infinite, infinite joys!\" -- to the hilariously irreverent.\" \u2020 Not featured on Original Off- Broadway Cast Recording The cast included   Cast:  Directed by Paul Daigneault, Musical Direction by Paul S. Katz, Production Stage Management by Dana Elizabeth Wolf, Cast:  Directed by Lezlie Wade, Musical Direction by Wayne Gwillim, Produced by Mitchell Marcus, Stage Managed by Dot Routledge. Cast:  Directed by Michael Rader, Musical Direction by Eddie Guttman, Produced by Jamie McGonnigal,", "In 2012 Squabbalogic and Darlinghurst Theatre premiered the Adam Gwon penned chamber musical Ordinary Days, with Michael Falzon originating the role of Jason in Australia. Directed by Grace Barnes and under the musical direction of Paul Geddes, the show starred Rachael Beck as Claire, as well as Erica Lovell (Deb) and Jay James-Moody (Warren). Set in New York, \"Ordinary Days\" was sung entirely acoustically, with the sole support of Paul Geddes on piano. In 2015, Ordinary Days played La Com\u00e9die Nation in Paris, France, marking the musical's French premiere. Produced by Broadway au Carr\u00e9, the show was directed by American director Colton Pometta with musical direction by John Florencio at the piano. The show starred Prisca Demarez as Claire, Emmanuel Suarez as Jason, Lauren Taylor Berkman as Deb and Lisandro Nesis as Warren. In 2017, Ordinary Days will grace the Loft at Chapel Off Chapel. Produced by Pursued By Bear, the show is directed by Tyran Parke with musical direction from Stephanie Lewendon-Lowe at the piano. The cast is made up of Brittanie Shipway as Claire, Matthew Hamilton as Jason, Nicola Bowman as Deb and Joel Granger as Warren. The amateur London Revival took place from 27th-30th September at the Bridewell Theatre, Fleet Street. Produced by Sedos, with direction by Yojiro Ichikawa and musical direction from Ed Curry. Kate Gledhill and Glen Jordan play Deb and Warren, while Louisa Roberts and Inti Conde play Claire and Jason. In 2018, Ordinary Days played Teatro Border in Buenos Aires, Argentina, marking the musical\u2019s Argentine and Spanish language premiere, adapted by Marcos Micheloni.", "The South African premiere production took place in June 2011, directed by Paul Griffiths with musical direction by Garth Tavares. The cast featured Roland Perold, Luella Holland, Shannyn Fourie and David Fick. The production toured the South African National Arts Festival in Grahamstown in July. Edges made its Singapore premiere in April 2013 at the Drama Centre. It was staged by Derrick Chew, Artistic Director of Sightlines Productions with musical direction by Joel Nah. The cast included Benjamin Kheng, Mina Kaye, Kristy Griffin and Linden Furnell. Edges made its premiere in Paris, France in June 2013 presented by American Musical Theatre Live. The production was directed by with musical direction by John Florencio and vocal direction by Miranda Crispin. The UK professional premiere took place at the Tabard Theatre from 29 July - 30 August 2014 with direction by Adam Philpott and Choreography by Lewis Butler Edges made its Houston premiere in April 2016 at Frenetic Theatre. The production was produced by PMT Productions and starred Blair Carrizales, Danny Dyer, Scott Lupton, and Chaney Moore. The production was directed by Travis Kirk Coombs and Music Directed by Eduardo Guzman. On July 13, 2018 \"Edges\" was performed as part of a Masters' thesis project at the Guildford School of Acting. Samples of the songs can be found at the composers' official site."], "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#2", "question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "rewrite": "What was Robert's role with Journey?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Heritage Area The Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Heritage Area is a federally designated National Heritage Area in portions of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Maryland and Virginia, in the eastern United States. The Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Heritage Area was established on May 8, 2008 by Public Law 110-229, the Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008.The designation provides a framework for the promotion and interpretation of the area's cultural and historic character, with particular emphasis on the region's role in the American Civil War, and the preservation of the natural and built environment. The National Heritage Area extends from Gettysburg in the north to Monticello in the south. It is managed by the Journey Through Hallowed Ground Partnership, which encompasses the Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Scenic Byway. The heritage area roughly follows the route of the Old Carolina Road. The Journey Through Hallowed Ground Partnership is a non-profit organization dedicated to raising the awareness of the history within the Gettysburg-Monticello corridor. Its mission is to promote and support civic engagement through history education, economic development through heritage tourism, and the preservation of cultural landscapes in one of the nation\u2019s most important historic regions. Partners include over 350 municipal, business, and non-profit organizations, including many elected bodies within the four-state region. All related entities are collectively referred to as the Journey Through Hallowed Ground. The Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Heritage Area denotes the region that Congress designated as a Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Heritage Area in 2008, in a program affiliated with the National Park Service. There are 15 counties in the Journey Through Hallowed Ground National Heritage Area, spanning those four states. With 400 years of European, American, and African-American heritage, the Journey Through Hallowed Ground is a National Heritage Area with a National Scenic Byway running through it.", "Robert Fleischman Robert Fleischman (born March 11, 1953) is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is known for working with the rock group Journey, briefly as their lead vocalist in 1977 and occasionally thereafter a songwriting collaborator. Fleischman, originally the frontman of LA band Staggerwing is perhaps best known as the lead singer for the rock band Journey from June until November 1977, between the group's albums, \"Next\" and \"Infinity\". He appeared in live concert performances with Journey and co-wrote and recorded numerous studio demo tracks during the band's early writing sessions for the upcoming album, \"Infinity\". Three of those co-written tracks appear on the album: \"Anytime\", \"Wheel in the Sky\" (reaching #57 on the \"Billboard\" charts), and \"Winds of March\". The only officially released Journey song featuring Fleischman's vocals is \"For You\" which can be found on Journey's box-set release, \"Time\", as well as on Fleischman's 1979 solo album entitled \"Perfect Stranger\". He may have also contributed to the track \"Velvet Curtain\" (also found on \"Time\") which was later re-written as \"Feeling That Way\" and credited to Aynsley Dunbar, Steve Perry, and Gregg Rolie. While former Journey manager Herbie Herbert states that he was fired for personality differences, Fleischman maintains that he was already signed to another manager, Barry Fey, and left Journey over management complications but remained friends with the band. In January 2005 when Journey received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Fleischman was one of Journey's specially invited guests at the \"Journey: Past And Present\" ceremony. Fleischman was also associated with the English rock group Asia for a short time.", "NetEase  NetEase, Inc. () is a Chinese Internet technology company providing online services centered on content, community, communications and commerce. The company was founded in 1997 by Ding Lei. NetEase develops and operates online PC and mobile games, advertising services, email services and e-commerce platforms in China. It is one of the largest Internet and video game companies in the world. The company also owns several pig farms. Some of NetEase's games include the \"Westward Journey\" series (\"Fantasy Westward Journey\", \"Westward Journey Online II\", \"Fantasy Westward Journey II\", and \"New Westward Journey Online II\"), as well as other games, such as \"Tianxia III\", \"Heroes of Tang Dynasty Zero\" and \"Ghost II\". NetEase also partners with Blizzard Entertainment to operate local versions of \",\" \"World of Warcraft\", \"Hearthstone\", \"StarCraft II\", \"\", \"Overwatch\" in China, The RPG game Onmyoji ,and The Onmyoji Arena MOBA.They are also developing their very first self-developed VR multiplayer online game with an open world setting, which is called Nostos. The company was founded in June 1997 by Chinese entrepreneur Ding Lei, and grew rapidly due in part to its investment in search engine technology and massively multiplayer online role-playing gaming. Its first MMORPG developed internally was \"Fantasy Westward Journey\". The \"Westward Journey\" series began in 2001, and includes \"Westward Journey Online II\". PC Games: \"Fantasy Westward Journey II, Westward Journey Online II, New Ghost, Tianxia III, Revelation, Demon Seals, Hegemon-\u2010King of Western Chu, Rules Of Survuval \"", "Heroine's journey In storytelling, the heroine's journey is a female-centric version of the Hero's journey template. Women felt that the Hero's Journey did not fully encompass the journey that a female protagonist goes through in a story. The heroine's journey came about in 1990 when Maureen Murdock, a Jungian psychotherapist and a student of Joseph Campbell, published a self help book called \"The Heroine's Journey: Woman's Quest for Wholeness\" in response to Campbell's Hero's Journey model. She developed the guide while working with her female patients. Murdock stated that the heroine's journey is the healing of the wounding of the feminine that exists deep within her and the culture. Murdock explains, \"The feminine journey is about going down deep into soul, healing and reclaiming, while the masculine journey is up and out, to spirit.\u201d Other authors such as, Victoria Lynn Schmidt, have created similar versions of the Heroine's Journey based on Murdock's. Schmidt's version changes some stages of Murdock's to help the model fit a bigger range of topics and experiences Murdock's model describes the female experience of a psycho-spiritual journey. Murdock proposed a cycle of eight stages. Like the Hero's Journey, these stages are able to be removed and switched around as necessary. It begins with the breaking away from feminine ideals and the turning towards the patriarchal values. Then comes the experience of spiritual death, and turning inward to reclaim the power and spirit of the sacred feminine. The ending stages consist of union of both the masculine and feminine values. The heroine begins to distance herself from anything deemed feminine. Often it can be portrayed a mother figure or a traditionally female role in society. The mother will be a representation of everything the heroine hates about her femininity.", "Isuzu Journey The Isuzu Journey (kana:\u3044\u3059\u309e\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30fc\u30cb\u30fc) is a minibus produced by the Japanese manufacturer Isuzu since 1970, and in 1973 in its current somewhat larger format. The range was primarily available as a city bus and a tourist coach. In Japan, Asia-Pacific, Mid-East, Africa and South America, its principal competitors are the Mitsubishi Fuso Rosa, Nissan Civilian, and Toyota Coaster. The current W41 series Journey was based on Civilian. The first use of the \"Journey\" nameplate was on the 1970 \"Journey S\". This was an Isuzu Elf 150 truck with a 15-seater bus rear and has a KA5#B chassis code. The Elf had been available as a compact bus since 1964 but was originally still called an Elf. This was replaced in 1981 by the more space efficient and lighter Isuzu Fargo series. In 1973 the 26-seater Journey M (on Elf 250-basis) and the longer 29-seat Journey L (Elf 350). These have diesel engines of 2.8 and 3.6 litres respectively. These engines were later upgraded to more powerful, cleaner units. A much larger (53 seats) rear-engined bus called Journey K appeared in 1972 and was replaced by the Isuzu Erga Mio in 1999. There was also a light duty Journey E, which is still made on Elf basis but with bodywork supplied by an outside firm. The Journey L and M were replaced by a rebadged Nissan Civilian in 1993. The Isuzu Journey W40 and W41 are rebadged Nissan Civilian. The Isuzu Journey-J is a rebadged Hino Liesse, available between 2003 and 2011. GM Korea (Chevrolet) BLD24 was a licence made from Isuzu Journey M series Micro Bus."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#3", "question": "Did they release any new albums?", "rewrite": "Did Journey release any new albums?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Stevie &quot;Keys&quot; Roseman  Stevie \"Keys\" Roseman (born Steve Roseman; January 29, 1951) is a keyboardist and performer born in Oakland, California. He has worked as a session and live musician since the late 1960s, most notably with the rock band Journey. In between the departure of original keyboardist Gregg Rolie from Santana and the arrival of Jonathan Cain from The Babys he was invited to play keyboards on the track \"The Party's Over (Hopelessly In Love)\" on the 1981 live Journey release \"Captured\". This same track appears on the package set \"Time\u00b3\" and the 2001 compilation \"The Essential Journey\". He recorded several tracks with Journey guitarist Neal Schon on the 1999 \"Piranha Blues\" release and stayed close to the Journey family co-writing and recording the 2005 release VTR (Valory-Tickner-Roseman) with founders Ross Valory and George Tickner. He also co-wrote the No Nation \"Illumine\" project in 2007 which includes guest artists such as vocalist Jon Anderson of Yes, bassist Ross Valory and keyboardist Mike Pinder of The Moody Blues. Stevie continues to live and work in the Northern California Bay Area as an artist and performer.", "On December 17, 2003, the company filed for bankruptcy due to various lawsuits, and Master P then sold the catalog. In 2001, No Limit left Priority Records and signed a distribution deal with Universal. The label's name was changed to The New No Limit. The first release under the New No Limit banner was Master P's tenth album, \"Game Face\". With Universal, the label also released new albums by the 504 Boyz, Lil' Romeo, Magic and Choppa. In 2004, the reorganized label had moved to Koch Records for distribution. From 2004 to 2005, The New No Limit Records issued new albums by Master P, Silkk the Shocker, C-Murder, Lil' Romeo and the reformed TRU. In 2005, Master P established a new label called Guttar Music Entertainment. On November 26, 2010, No Limit was established again as No Limit Forever Records.", "Louisiana Rock &amp; Roll Louisiana Rock & Roll is the third album by American southern rock band Potliquor. It was released in 1973. At least one newspaper had begun reporting \"Louisiana Rock & Roll\" 's release at the end of January, and by early February 1973, Janus Records had placed a full color ad across the bottom of the front page of Billboard Magazine promoting new albums by three of their artists, including \"Louisiana Rock & Roll\". A week later, a full page advertisement appeared in Billboard concerning new albums by eleven Chess/Janus artists, among them being Potliquor's new LP. In fact, an early release of \"Waiting for Me at the River\", a single from the album, had been reported as a regional breakout in New Orleans in October of the previous year. By the end of March, Billboard was reporting considerable airplay for Louisiana Rock & Roll in Valdosta, Georgia; Los Angeles, California; Hartford, Connecticut; St. Charles, Missouri; Paris, Texas; Denver, Colorado; and Toronto, Canada. \"H\", another single from the album, was reported being played in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania in the middle of March 1973. Additional musicians Production", "G. B. Jones G. B. Jones is a Canadian artist, filmmaker, musician, and publisher of zines based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Her art work has been featured at galleries around the world, and her films screened at numerous film festivals, both in Canada and abroad. Her most recent musical project is Opera Arcana, founded in collaboration with Minus Smile of Kids on TV. In the early 1980s Jones joined her first band, the experimental industrial electropunk group, Bunny & the Lakers. Led by songwriter Peter Morgan and including How'rd Pope among other fluctuating members, the band released one limited edition LP record called \"Numbers\", which has since become a collector's item. The trio performed live only once in Toronto. From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, Jones performed with the experimental post-punk band Fifth Column, playing drums, guitar and background vocals, and was one of the co-founders of the group. The band's first album, \"To Sir With Hate\" was released in 1985. It has been nominated three times for a Polaris Music Prize in the Heritage section for the 2016 Polaris Music Prize, 2017 Polaris Music Prize, and 2018 Polaris Music Prize. The group went on to release three singles and two more albums. \"All-Time Queen of the World\" was released in 1990 and a video for the song \"Like This\" was produced. Their last album, \"36-C\", contained perhaps their best-known and most controversial song, \" All Women Are Bitches\". Released prior to the album as a single by K Records in 1992, \"All Women Are Bitches\" was reviewed by Everett True and chosen \"Single of the Week\" by the UK paper \"Melody Maker\". A video for the song \"Donna\" was released in 1994 accompanying the release of the album \"36-C\".", "Look Now Look Now is the 30th studio album by singer-songwriter Elvis Costello and his band, The Imposters and was his first studio album in five years. Costello wrote and produced a large majority of the album himself, with co-production help from Sebastian Krys, a Latin Grammy Producer of the Year in 2007 and 2015. He co-wrote a new track with Carole King (\"Burnt Sugar Is So Bitter\") and worked with Burt Bacharach on three other songs. Costello told NPR that it is the \"uptown pop record with a little swagger\" that he had been wanting to make for 20 years. They named the album one of their best new albums of the week during its week of release. AllMusic describes that the album \"often feels like a cross between Imperial Bedroom and Painted from Memory, Costello's 1998 collaboration with Burt Bacharach. This was thought to have been due by Bacharach co-wrote three tracks with Costello,\" adding, that it \"isn't rock & roll so much as it's pop that blends the craft of classic Brill Building tunes of the '60s with the narrative maturity of classic Broadway musicals and the sort of ballads that were once the purview of classic jazz vocalists.\" The Associated Press, in their review, points out how the album\u2014like \"Anna Karenina\"\u2014reads like a series of lamentations of various characters. The collaboration with King was a project 20 years in the making. The two forged a friendship over eating sushi together in Manhattan, before finally making music together. NPR calls the album, \"Meticulously crafted, clever, polished... you can't imagine a group of surer hands for him to be working with,\" and noted it as one of their \"best new albums\" out from its 12 October 2018 week of release."], "answer": {"text": "Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978).", "answer_start": 787}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#4", "question": "Did Infinity do well?", "rewrite": "Did Infinity by Journey do well?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As \"x\" goes to positive infinity, the slope of the line from the origin to the point (\"x\", \"x\") also goes to positive infinity. As \"x\" goes to negative infinity, the slope of the same line goes to negative infinity. Compare this to the variety \"V\"(\"y\" \u2212 \"x\"). This is a cubic curve. As \"x\" goes to positive infinity, the slope of the line from the origin to the point (\"x\", \"x\") goes to positive infinity just as before. But unlike before, as \"x\" goes to negative infinity, the slope of the same line goes to positive infinity as well; the exact opposite of the parabola. So the behavior \"at infinity\" of \"V\"(\"y\" \u2212 \"x\") is different from the behavior \"at infinity\" of \"V\"(\"y\" \u2212 \"x\"). The consideration of the \"projective completion\" of the two curves, which is their prolongation \"at infinity\" in the projective plane, allows us to quantify this difference: the point at infinity of the parabola is a regular point, whose tangent is the line at infinity, while the point at infinity of the cubic curve is a cusp. Also, both curves are rational, as they are parameterized by \"x\", and the Riemann-Roch theorem implies that the cubic curve must have a singularity, which must be at infinity, as all its points in the affine space are regular. Thus many of the properties of algebraic varieties, including birational equivalence and all the topological properties, depend on the behavior \"at infinity\" and so it is natural to study the varieties in projective space.", "Note: Some of these are involved with Infinity and not necessarily part of it. Five different issues of \"What If\" detail about alternate outcomes for the \"Infinity\" storyline: \"Infinity\" received largely positive reviews. \" Comic Book Round Up\" gave the \"Infinity\" series an average score of 8.0, the \"Avengers\" comics involved (#18-#23) an average of 7.6, the \"New Avengers\" comics involved (#9-#12) an average of 8.1, which gives the overall event an average \"positive\" score of 7.9. (\"Note: The Average Score ComicBook Round Up gave the Infinity Event on their website consists of multiple comics that link to Infinity instead of being part of it, like the issues previously listed are.\" ) ComicBook Round Up gave Infinity: Omnibus, which collects Infinity #1-6, Avengers #14-23, The New Avengers #7-12, and Infinity: Against the Tide Infinite Comic #1-2, an average \"positive\" score of 7.8. IGN gave Infinity #1 an 8.4 \"Great\" Rating, Infinity #2 an 8.3 \"Great\" Rating, Infinity #3 an 8.3 \"Great\" Rating, Infinity #4 an 8.4 \"Great\" Rating, Infinity #5 an 8.5 \"Great\" Rating and Infinity #6 an 8.4 \"Great\" Rating.", "Infinity Property &amp; Casualty Corporation Infinity Property & Casualty Corporation, was headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, and was a national provider of car insurance prior to its acquisition by Kemper Insurance Company in July 2018. Infinity Insurance, a top-performing Infinity brand, provided nonstandard car insurance through more than 12,500 independent agents. Nonstandard insurance serves individuals unable to secure coverage through standard insurance companies. This can be due to a driving record with accidents and/or tickets, prior DUI, the driver's age, vehicle type, or others. The company was formed in December 2002 when American Financial Group transferred its outstanding common stock for Infinity Insurance Companies, Leader Insurance, Windsor Auto, Atlanta Casualty Companies, and Great American Personal Lines into Infinity Property & Casualty. Infinity became a publicly traded company in February 2003 with its listing on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. Infinity was acquired by Kemper Insurance Company in July 2018. Infinity offered three types of personal car insurance policies, which differ based on the amount of coverage they provide. Infinity also sold commercial vehicle insurance and classic collector or exotic automobile insurance. According to its web site, Infinity is the third largest provider of nonstandard car insurance through independent agents in the nation. IPCC is also listed one of the top 50 Property and Casualty Insurance companies. Competitors include other writers of nonstandard insurance like GEICO, Progressive, and The Hartford as well as more traditional providers like Allstate, State Farm, USAA, and Nationwide. According to an annual Brand Survey administered by the independent research group Sentenium Infinity was called, \"the most recognized brand among Hispanics\" in California for 2007 and 2008. According to a press release, Infinity replaced its fleet of 400 sport utility vehicles with a more fuel efficient model. This move to become climate neutral is one part of an overall effort by Infinity to \"go green\". President and", "Infinity-Man  Infinity-Man is a fictional character appearing in DC Comics. Infinity-Man first appeared in Jack Kirby's \"Forever People\" #1 (February 1971). Infinity-Man\u2019s story begins with Astorr, a powerful warrior from another planet, who rescued the badly burned Drax (brother of Darkseid) and nursed him back to health. Before dying of old age, Astorr passes on his role as the \"Infinity-Man\" to Drax, who then spends several years preparing for the role. Having assumed the title of Infinity-Man, Drax goes on to serve Highfather on New Genesis, where he first encounters the Forever People and becomes a protector. Whenever Infinity-Man is needed, the Forever People grant him special powers by touching the mother boxes and reciting the word \"Taaru.\" This ritual causes the Forever People to enter a state of limbo which lasts until Infinity-Man returns them their power. In one story, Darkseid believes Infinity-Man to be a threat and places him in another dimension. Infinity-Man makes a temporary home on a planet called Adon until the Forever People free him from this prison. A later storyline focuses on Devilance the Pursuer and his vendetta against the Forever People and Infinity-Man. Devilance tracks down Infinity-Man to an island, where the two engage in a duel that results in the island's destruction. The two appear dead, but, with the Forever People's aid, Infinity-Man recovers. In DC's year-long weekly publications, \"Countdown to Final Crisis\", and the monthly title, \"Death of the New Gods\", Infinity-Man is suspected by Superman, Mr. Miracle, and Orion to be the mysterious killer behind the recent deaths of the New Gods.", "Infinity Group Infinity Group is a private equity fund backed by China Development Bank and Clal Industries. The head of Infinity Group is Amir Gal-Or. Infinity Group manages RMB 10 billion and 100 portfolio companies, through 17 local RMB funds throughout China. Infinity is headquartered in Tel Aviv with offices in Beijing, Changzhou, Chengdu, Chongqing, Harbin, Hong Kong, Hongze, Jining, New York, Nanjing, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shijiazhuang, Suzhou, Suqian, Tianjin, Xiamen and Yangzhou. Infinity\u2019s funds since 1993 have included the $23 million Nitzanim Fund of 1993, the $90 million Infinity I in 1999, the $64 million Infinity II in 2002, and the $75 million Infinity IDB in 2002. In 2004, the firm partnered with China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park Ventures Company Ltd., or CSVC, to establish a $15 million Infinity-CSVC fund. In 2006, the firm established the $300 million Infinity I-China fund, the successor to the Infinity-CSVC fund and its second Israel-China fund. The Infinity-CSVC China Fund was founded in 2004. It received the first license issued to a foreign-managed onshore RMB denominated fund. The number on the certificate reads 00001. In March 2010, Infinity I-China launched six new joint venture private equity funds throughout China in the cities of Beijing, Suzhou, Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Changzhou, Ningbo and Tianjin. The funds range from 200 million renminbi up to a planned 500 million renminbi. The funds invest in high-technology companies in life sciences, information technology and clean energy and technology. Infinity currently manages 17 joint venture funds throughout China"], "answer": {"text": "This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album.", "answer_start": 841}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any new albums?", "answer": {"text": "Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978).", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#5", "question": "Did it have any hit singles?", "rewrite": "Did the album Infinity have any hit singles?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Infinity Records Infinity Records was a short-lived subsidiary of MCA Records established in New York City in 1978. The label was conceived by MCA president Sidney Sheinberg as a way for the Los Angeles-based entertainment conglomerate to improve its presence on the East Coast. Ron Alexenberg, who had previously been the head of the Epic Records division of CBS Records (now part of Sony Music Entertainment) was hired as CEO. The biggest hit the Infinity label had was \"Escape\" by Rupert Holmes, which was number 1 at the end of 1979. Other acts that had chart entries on Infinity included Dobie Gray, New England, Orleans, Orsa Lia and Spyro Gyra. Under the distribution of MCA, the Infinity Records label released titles in the US, Canada, the UK, Japan and parts of Europe. Infinity spent lavishly but failed to earn a profit. In addition to developing new talent, Infinity also paid substantial sums to acquire established artists. Most of the established artists were unable to duplicate their previous success. In October 1979, Infinity released \"Pope John Paul II Sings at the Festival of Sacrosong\", an album of speeches and songs sung by Pope John Paul II in his native Polish. Due to the tremendous popularity of the new Pope, Infinity thought the record would be a major hit. The company paid a substantial fee (which went to charity) to the Catholic Church to obtain exclusive rights to the recording. The album briefly peaked at #126 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart, however, it received poor reviews and was quickly seen as a colossal failure. Most of the one million advance copies of the John Paul II album were returned unsold to the label, producing a huge financial loss. MCA pulled the plug on Infinity Records in November 1979, and the Infinity catalog was immediately absorbed by the parent company.", "British Hit Singles &amp; Albums  British Hit Singles & Albums (originally known as The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles and The Guinness Book of British Hit Albums) was a music reference book originally published in the United Kingdom by the publishing arm of the Guinness breweries, Guinness Superlatives. Later editions were published by Guinness World Records and HiT Entertainment. It listed all the singles and albums featured in the Top 75 pop charts in the UK. In 2004 the book became an amalgamation of two earlier Guinness publications, originally known as British Hit Singles and British Hit Albums. The publication of this amalgamation ceased in 2006. A new version of the book published by Virgin and entitled \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\", first published in November 2008. The first ten editions were compiled by Paul Gambaccini, Mike Read and brothers Tim Rice and Jonathan Rice. Read left the team in the mid-1980s and the other editors resigned in 1996. Chart editor for many editions was David Roberts. \"British Hit Singles & Albums\" was generally considered to be the authoritative reference (and only) source for both the UK Singles Chart (since its inception in 1952) and the UK Albums Chart. It listed all the singles and albums ever to have been in the UK charts since 1952 (albums since 1958), listing them in alphabetical order and by both artist and song title. The entries also included the date of chart entry, highest position, catalogue number and number of weeks in the chart. Short biographical notes accompanied many of the artists' chart details. The book's sources are the \"New Musical Express\" (\"NME\") chart from November 1952 to March 1960, and the \"Record Retailer\" (later \"Music Week\") chart thereafter.", "\"Sixteen Tons of Hardware\" and \"Voodoo Magic\" were both hit singles in Finland. Two singles off the album, \"Living in a Fantasy\" and \"Sixteen Tons of Hardware\" went Number 1 in the Europa Plus Airplay Chart in Russia, and the album soon crossed over to neighboring countries, generating no less than five Top 5 hit singles in Ukraine and two Top 5 hit singles in Hungary. The track \"Gone\" was a Number 1 hit in Lebanon. BWO's second album \"Halcyon Days\", released in April 2006, entered the Swedish Album Chart at Number 1, shipping gold and generating four further hit singles, of which the first single \"Temple of Love\" was a Number 1 smash in Sweden and charted across Scandinavia and Eastern Europe. Halcyon Days was followed by a remix collection called \"Halcyon Nights\", released in December 2006. A third studio album, \"Fabricator\", was released in Sweden on September 19, 2007, entering the Swedish charts at Number 6. A pre-release single \"Save My Pride\", was released in May 2007, becoming BWO's fourth Top 20 single in Sweden. It also went Number 1 on major Turkish radio station Radio Mydonese's Top 40 Countdown in July 2007. The singles \"Let it Rain\" and \"Rhythm Drives Me Crazy\" were released simultaneously in August 2007. \" Rhythm Drives Me Crazy\" was chosen as the theme for the Swedish team in the Women's Football World Cup in China in September 2007, and was a fourth Top 20 hit for BWO in Finland. A fourth single \"The Destiny Of Love\" was released in October 2007. A fifth, \"Give Me the Night\", was released at the end of December 2007, but became the only BWO single (as of August 2008) to fail to reach the Swedish singles chart.", "Ren\u00e9 & Angela released their self-titled debut album in 1980, followed by \"Wall to Wall\" in 1982 and \"Rise\" in 1983. During this period they had two moderate R&B hit singles, \"I Love You More\" and \"My First Love.\u201d During Rene & Angela's early years, Moore and Winbush were asked to write and produce four songs for Janet Jackson's 1982 self-titled debut album, \"Janet Jackson.\" One of the songs, \"Young Love,\" became Jackson's first top ten R&B hit reaching number six on the chart. They also wrote exclusively for Stephanie Mills, who forged a close friendship with Winbush (their \"I Have Learned to Respect the Power of Love,\" gave Mills her first-ever #1 R&B single, in 1985). Winbush would later write another Mills number one R&B hit with \"Something in the Way You Make Me Feel.\" Between that, Rene & Angela decided to branch out and find a bigger fan base signing with Mercury Records in 1984. They released their breakthrough album, \"A Street Called Desire\" the following year. Among the hit singles included on the album was their first R&B number one with the dance single, \"Save Your Love (For #1),\" which included guest vocals from rapper Kurtis Blow, making it besides Chaka Khan's \"I Feel For You,\" one of the first songs to prominently feature a rapper. Other hit singles included \"I'll Be Good,\u201d the mostly Winbush-led \"Your Smile\" was another number one hit, while the subsequent \"You Don't Have to Cry \" hit number two in the beginning of 1986. Eventually \"A Street Called Desire\" sold over a million copies, going platinum, but on the brink of their greatest success, tensions between Winbush and Moore had grown.", "The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles is a charts reference book published in October 2008. It replaces the \"Guinness Book of British Hit Singles & Albums\", after the Guinness company withdrew interest in chart reference books at the same time their contract was due to expire. The last edition was published in 2006 covering all chart hits between 1952-2005. Two years later Virgin took over the contract from The Official Charts Company to publish the re-branded version of the book as \"The Virgin Book of British Hit Singles\" without the album charts information. The first edition of the book lists every act to have a chart hit in the UK top 75 singles chart between 1952-2008 (first quarter of the year). Unlike its predecessor it only lists the chart weeks spent in the top 40 if the single has ever charted high enough during its chart run to do so, while Guinness listed all weeks spent in the top 75. Selected acts have a mini-biography with their entry in the book, while other sections of the book have reports on the charts, such as how they have changed due to the event of digital downloads having an effect. The main section of the book contains the Top 75 UK hit singles, which are separated into the artists; solo singers, duets, groups and bands. The song titles, along with the highest UK Chart position, and number of weeks in Top 40 are included. The first edition featured this information along, with a list of all the songs in an A-Z list at the end of the book, for easy reference. The second edition of the book, referred to as 'Volume 2', was published in 2010 and had a number of changes, including the addition of a new section listing all the UK No. 1 singles from 1952 until the book was completed in early 2010."], "answer": {"text": "This album, with their hit song \"Wheel in the Sky\" (#57 U.S.), set Journey on a new path with a more mainstream sound", "answer_start": 937}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any new albums?", "answer": {"text": "Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978).", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Infinity do well?", "answer": {"text": "This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album.", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#6", "question": "What else did you find interesting?", "rewrite": "In addition to Journey's new musical direction, what else did you find interesting about the band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While finishing up his record, Stephen was notified that he was slated for a direct support spot on \"The Up in the Air Tour\" with Mike Posner, a national recording artist, that would begin in September 2010. Other performing acts on the high-profile tour included Far East Movement, 2AM Club, and Bad Rabbits. This would be followed by another tour in late 2010 called \" The Suddenly Yours Tour\" with Allstar Weekend, a band who gained its popularity from the Disney Channel television network. While anticipating these upcoming tours and also, a tour he would begin in August 2010 called \"Hot Over Summer\". Stephen's lead off single from his debut album, featuring Leighton Meester \"She Said was released on July 13th, 2010. This high energy, club-friendly song would ultimately define Stephen's new musical direction with the upcoming release of \"Miles and Miles\" in 2011. Due to Stephen's heavy touring schedule and facing the reality that \"Miles and Miles\" would not be released in 2010, Universal Republic and Stephen agreed to release a full-length album from his current catalog on November 9, 2010 titled \"My Uke Has A Crush on You\", an album which featured mainly ukulele-based songs. Fresh off tour in January 2011 , Stephen began planning \"The Peace Out Tour\" starting in March that would ultimately take him into Mission, Texas where he performed at the Never Say Never Festival and then again in Houston, TX at SXSW Festival. Coming off the road in April 2011, Stephen was confirmed to perform on the Skull Candy Stage on the entire 44 city 2011 Vans Warped Tour which was set to kick off on June 24. Ten days prior, on June 14, 2011, Jerzak's album, \"Miles and Miles\" was released unveiling his new full-fledged pop sound and new musical direction.", "Last to Go Last To Go is the first extended play by ARIA Award-winning recording artist Anthony Callea. Callea worked with Aussie producers David Musumeci, Michael D'Arcy from DNA Songs on the seven-track EP, as well as Grammy-award-winning Jamie Munson (a.k.a. DJ Poet) from the Black Eyed Peas. Callea had been signed with Sony Music Australia after finishing runner-up to Casey Donovan on the second series of Australian Idol in 2004. The contract ceased 2009. Over the next three years, Callea worked on new music independently and self-funded his own production company called \"Vox Enterprises\". In July 2011, it was announced that Callea would preview long-awaited new material at the 2011 Stockholm Pride Festival. Callea wrote with various people including Paul Mac and the Black Eyed Peas producer DJ Poet. Callea said he had spent the past three years crafting a new musical direction after beginning his career as a popera star with the fastest-selling Australian single ever, \"The Prayer\". Callea said, \"It's been really interesting working with people overseas who had no idea who I was or where I come from\". On the change of musical direction, in October 2011 Callea said; \"I still love ballads and pop, but this is what I'm enjoying now. If I don't do music I love, I can't expect anyone else to believe it.\". Callea promoted the single \"Oh Oh, Oh Oh\" in October 2011, and the EP \"Last To Go\" in March and April 2012 On 17 October 2011, Callea performed an acoustic version of \"Oh Oh, Oh Oh\" live on The Circle On 4 March 2012, Callea performed \"Last To Go\" live on Sunrise", "Infernal (Swedish band) Infernal was an influential Swedish black metal band based in Stockholm. It was formed in 1997, mainly by David Parland (Blackmoon), who quickly teamed up with ex-Dark Funeral colleague and vocalist Themgoroth (Paul M\u00e4kitalo), to create a band both similar to and more brutal and extreme than Dark Funeral, which Blackmoon had left in mid 1996. The band saw the participation of several members like Matte Modin (ex-Dark Funeral, Defleshed) and Impious of In Aeternum among others. The last known line-up was Blackmoon (David Parland) - guitars, Typhos (Henke Ekeroth) - vocals and guitars and Alzazmon (Tomas Asklund) - drums - this was the second real line-up, and it was dissolved in 2003. David Parland re-formed the band in late 2008 with drummer Asklund. Infernal's new musical direction showcases a slightly more accessible sound than the first two Infernal EPs, and the new musical direction is more along older death/black metal and not as blastbeat-oriented as the old Infernal. This line-up introduces David as a vocalist as well as guitarist. The line-up was planned to be expanded to a full band in time for the planned full-length album and possible live gigs. On July 14, 2009, it was revealed that Infernal had parted ways for good with drummer Tomas Asklund. A replacement in the form of Norwegian drummer Carl Engstr\u00f6m from Astaroth and Recovery Injection has been found, and was announced on October 17. Old Necrophobic colleague and guitarist Martin Halfdan has also joined the band as a live and lead/solo guitarist mainly.", "Funeral Inception Funeral Inception is an Indonesian death metal band that was formed in 2000 in Jakarta, Indonesia. The band comprises vocalist Doni \"Iblis\" Herdaru, guitarists Ai Dead Finger & Fadjar Ramadhan, drummer Gatot Hardiyanto and bassist Donirro, and keyboardist Sasya. Previously recognized as Bloody Gore, the band releases two mini-CDs, entitling \"Stench Of Your Perversion\" and \"Blood Driven Vehemence\" under Fetal Tampon Disease Records USA and Uxicon Records, Belgium. In May 2002, the band changed its name to Funeral Inception and recruit Pandi Ghebes (Sadistis) to fill the drum position, and recorded the debut album \"Anthems Of Disenchantment\" in Palu Studio, Jakarta. The band created ten solid songs which represents the starting point of Funeral Inception new musical direction and mostly differ from what Bloody Gore has achieved previously. In March 2003, the bass-thumper, Mithos, has retired to concentrate on his study, followed by Rio (guitar) who later established the phenomenal label called Rottrevore Records. Along with Pandi, the whole band thinks that it's time to focus on its brand new musical direction. The band's influential vocalist, Doni, has been involved with several musicians in order to get better sounds, and later come up with the single \u201cAll Gods Children Must Die\u201d. As time goes by, inescapable personnel commutation even occurs. By 2006, the band reemerged with tough-sounding line-up: Doni (vocals), Heldevy (guitars), Iwan (guitars), Roni (bass) and AA (drums). They started to get more attention from the local, they recorded 10 new songs at Studio Oranye, Jakarta.", "In 2006 Susheela was again nominated for a BBC World Music Award and was the subject of a one-hour documentary by French-German TV Channel ARTE, called \"Indian Journey\" directed by Mark Kidel. Susheela's deal with Narada ended in 2006 and that year she independently recorded an album \"33\", a set of re-imaginings of tracks from the nineteen sixties and seventies. Artists covered include Bob Dylan, John Lennon, The Velvet Underground, Captain Beefheart, Jimi Hendrix, Can and Throbbing Gristle. The album features long term collaborators Sam Mills on guitar, Vincent Segal on cello, and tabla player and percussionist Aref Durvesh. The album was released in April 2007 in France on the independent label XIII Bis. Raman garnered acclaim for her live performances. She continued to research and discover music from Tamil Nadu, studying in 2007 with the Bhakti singer Kovai Kamla. In 2011, Raman released \"Vel\", marking a change in musical direction which was well received. She followed this up with a series of concerts which showcased her new musical direction, demonstrating, as her reviewers put it \"a rousing comeback\". Through 2011 to 2013, Raman worked with Sufi Qawali singers and musicians in Lahore in addition to Rajasthani musicians, and continued to explore ecstatic and devotional musical styles. In 2013, Raman returned to the stage in London at the Royal Festival Hall as part of the Alchemy Festival, having previously played at the Jaipur Literary Festival. In September 2013 Susheela Raman announced a new album, as yet untitled, inviting pledges from fans to ensure its release in spring 2014. Of this she said: \"The record I am making now reflects my work in recent years living in London but travelling to work with master musicians from India and Pakistan."], "answer": {"text": "In late 1978, manager Herbie Herbert fired drummer Aynsley Dunbar,", "answer_start": 1100}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any new albums?", "answer": {"text": "Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978).", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Infinity do well?", "answer": {"text": "This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album.", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "This album, with their hit song \"Wheel in the Sky\" (#57 U.S.), set Journey on a new path with a more mainstream sound", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#7", "question": "Why did he fire him?", "rewrite": "Why did Journey's manager Herbie Herbert fire Aynsley Dunbar?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aynsley Dunbar Aynsley Thomas Dunbar (born 10 January 1946) is an English drummer. He has worked with Nils Lofgren, Eric Burdon, John Mayall, Frank Zappa, Shuggie Otis, Ian Hunter, Lou Reed, Jefferson Starship, Jeff Beck, David Bowie, Mick Ronson, Whitesnake, Pat Travers, Sammy Hagar, Michael Schenker, UFO, Flo & Eddie, Michael Chapman, Jake E. Lee, Leslie West, Kathi McDonald, Keith Emerson, Mike Onesko, Herbie Mann, and Journey. Dunbar was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey in 2017. Aynsley Thomas Dunbar was born in Liverpool, England. He started his professional career in Derry Wilkie and the Pressmen in 1963. In December 1964 he joined Merseybeat group the Mojos, who were renamed Stu James & the Mojos, with original members vocalist Stu James and guitarist Nick Crouch and bass player Lewis Collins (later an actor in The Professionals). This line-up continued until 1966. Dunbar then auditioned for the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Hendrix had difficulty deciding between Dunbar and Mitch Mitchell \u2013 the latter won Hendrix's coin flip. Dunbar then joined John Mayall's Bluesbreakers replacing Hughie Flint in the summer of 1966. He stayed with Mayall until the spring of 1967 (playing on the A Hard Road album), and was replaced by Mick Fleetwood. After a short stint in the Jeff Beck Group, Dunbar founded 'the Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation', so named to chide Mayall, who had fired him. They issued four albums during their existence. Dunbar co-wrote the song \"Warning\" (later recorded by Black Sabbath on their first album).", "Chalfant stepped in to tackle Perry's parts for a live performance in October 1993 for a Herbie Herbert roast at Bimbo's in San Francisco, he performed five songs with Neal Schon, Jonathan Cain, Gregg Rolie, Ross Valory, Steve Smith and Aynsley Dunbar at a roast for manager Herbie Herbert.[24]. Chalfant proved to be a good fit and was invited to formally join the band. Chalfant then began writing material in 1994 with Rolie, Neal Schon, and Jonathan Cain in anticipation of a full album and tour. By 1995, however Steve Perry had returned for a brief, Grammy-nominated reunion of their early-80s lineup instead, leaving Chalfant suddenly on his own again. Chalfant relocated back to his native Illinois and took a couple of years off. Upon his return to music, he brought his spirituality into the fore. He released a solo album in 1997 entitled \"Running with the Wind\", and released two albums with the band Two Fires, a self-titled release in 2000, and \"Ignition\" in 2002. In 2003, he toured as the lead singer for the Alan Parsons Live Project. In 2004, Chalfant released an album of traditional gospel songs and hymns, \"Back To Square One\", with proceeds going to benefit former Chicago Bear Jerry Stillman. A Christmas CD featuring fans caroling along with Chalfant and his band was released in December 2005. Chalfant featured in the studio project Shadows Fade, releasing a self-titled album in 2004. Chalfant then signed as the lead singer for Kansas City AOR favorite Shooting Star. He released one album, 2006's \"Circles\", before leaving the band. In 2007, Chalfant released \"Fly2Freedom\", a 13-track solo album covering his favorite Journey hits.", "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties. The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style, akin to that of Foreigner and Boston. Journey went on tour with Fleischman in 1977 and together the new incarnation of the band wrote the hit \"Wheel in the Sky\"; however, management differences resulted in Fleischman leaving within the year. In late 1977, Journey hired Steve Perry as their new lead singer. Herbie Herbert, the band's manager, also hired Roy Thomas Baker as a producer to add a layered sound approach as Baker had done with his previous band, Queen. With their new lead singer and talented new producer, Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978). This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album. This album, with their hit song \"Wheel in the Sky\" (#57 U.S.), set Journey on a new path with a more mainstream sound to make their highest chart success to date. In late 1978, manager Herbie Herbert fired drummer Aynsley Dunbar, who joined Bay Area rivals Jefferson Starship shortly thereafter. He was replaced by Berklee-trained jazz drummer Steve Smith. Perry, Schon, Rolie, Smith and Valory recorded Evolution (1979), which gave the band their first Billboard Hot 100 Top 20 single, \"Lovin', Touchin', Squeezin'\" (#16); and Departure (1980), which reached No. 8 on the album charts. Journey's newfound success brought the band an almost entirely new fan base. During the 1980 Departure world tour, the band recorded a live album, Captured.", "The Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation (album) The Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation is a 1968 debut album created by The Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation, a vehicle for drummer Aynsley Dunbar after stints in John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers and The Jeff Beck Group. The album was released in 1968 in Canada, France, Sweden, UK, US with a limited re-release the following year. The cover art was designed by Hipgnosis.", "Robert Fleischman Robert Fleischman (born March 11, 1953) is an American musician, songwriter, and record producer. He is known for working with the rock group Journey, briefly as their lead vocalist in 1977 and occasionally thereafter a songwriting collaborator. Fleischman, originally the frontman of LA band Staggerwing is perhaps best known as the lead singer for the rock band Journey from June until November 1977, between the group's albums, \"Next\" and \"Infinity\". He appeared in live concert performances with Journey and co-wrote and recorded numerous studio demo tracks during the band's early writing sessions for the upcoming album, \"Infinity\". Three of those co-written tracks appear on the album: \"Anytime\", \"Wheel in the Sky\" (reaching #57 on the \"Billboard\" charts), and \"Winds of March\". The only officially released Journey song featuring Fleischman's vocals is \"For You\" which can be found on Journey's box-set release, \"Time\", as well as on Fleischman's 1979 solo album entitled \"Perfect Stranger\". He may have also contributed to the track \"Velvet Curtain\" (also found on \"Time\") which was later re-written as \"Feeling That Way\" and credited to Aynsley Dunbar, Steve Perry, and Gregg Rolie. While former Journey manager Herbie Herbert states that he was fired for personality differences, Fleischman maintains that he was already signed to another manager, Barry Fey, and left Journey over management complications but remained friends with the band. In January 2005 when Journey received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Fleischman was one of Journey's specially invited guests at the \"Journey: Past And Present\" ceremony. Fleischman was also associated with the English rock group Asia for a short time."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any new albums?", "answer": {"text": "Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978).", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Infinity do well?", "answer": {"text": "This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album.", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "This album, with their hit song \"Wheel in the Sky\" (#57 U.S.), set Journey on a new path with a more mainstream sound", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1978, manager Herbie Herbert fired drummer Aynsley Dunbar,", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#8", "question": "What happened after he was fired?", "rewrite": "What happened after Aynsley Dunbar was fired?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation (album) The Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation is a 1968 debut album created by The Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation, a vehicle for drummer Aynsley Dunbar after stints in John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers and The Jeff Beck Group. The album was released in 1968 in Canada, France, Sweden, UK, US with a limited re-release the following year. The cover art was designed by Hipgnosis.", "In 2008 Dunbar recorded an album of material for Direct Music with Mickey Thomas of Starship, and musicians such as Jake E. Lee, former guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne. The complete recordings of Dunbar's drumming with Frank Zappa at Carnegie Hall in October 1971 were released exactly 40 years after the event in a four-CD set. In 2009 the blues album \" The Bluesmasters featuring Mickey Thomas\" was released, featuring Dunbar on drums along with Tim Tucker on guitar and Danny Miranda on bass as well as guest stars such as Magic Slim on guitar and vocals. In 2017 Aynsley was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey. Tracks:  1. Willing to Fight \u2013 6:48 2. Willie the Pimp \u2013 14:55 3. It's Your Turn \u2013 9:57 4. Days \u2013 5:35 5. Going Home \u2013 8:56  Personnel: Aynsley Dunbar \u2013 Drums Tommy Eyre \u2013 Organ, Piano Ivan Zagni, Roger Sutton \u2013 Lead Guitars Paul Williams \u2013 Vocals Peter Friedberg \u2013 Bass Charles Greetham \u2013 Saxophone Edward Reay-Smith \u2013 Trombone Colin Caldwell \u2013 Producer Produced By: Aynsley Dunbar & Colin Caldwell Engineer: Colin Caldwell Recorded March & April 1970 Marquee Studios London", "Aynsley Dunbar Aynsley Thomas Dunbar (born 10 January 1946) is an English drummer. He has worked with Nils Lofgren, Eric Burdon, John Mayall, Frank Zappa, Shuggie Otis, Ian Hunter, Lou Reed, Jefferson Starship, Jeff Beck, David Bowie, Mick Ronson, Whitesnake, Pat Travers, Sammy Hagar, Michael Schenker, UFO, Flo & Eddie, Michael Chapman, Jake E. Lee, Leslie West, Kathi McDonald, Keith Emerson, Mike Onesko, Herbie Mann, and Journey. Dunbar was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey in 2017. Aynsley Thomas Dunbar was born in Liverpool, England. He started his professional career in Derry Wilkie and the Pressmen in 1963. In December 1964 he joined Merseybeat group the Mojos, who were renamed Stu James & the Mojos, with original members vocalist Stu James and guitarist Nick Crouch and bass player Lewis Collins (later an actor in The Professionals). This line-up continued until 1966. Dunbar then auditioned for the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Hendrix had difficulty deciding between Dunbar and Mitch Mitchell \u2013 the latter won Hendrix's coin flip. Dunbar then joined John Mayall's Bluesbreakers replacing Hughie Flint in the summer of 1966. He stayed with Mayall until the spring of 1967 (playing on the A Hard Road album), and was replaced by Mick Fleetwood. After a short stint in the Jeff Beck Group, Dunbar founded 'the Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation', so named to chide Mayall, who had fired him. They issued four albums during their existence. Dunbar co-wrote the song \"Warning\" (later recorded by Black Sabbath on their first album).", "Despite having three-quarters of The Beatles on the record, plus Eric Clapton and Nicky Hopkins, Lomax's 1968 debut single on Apple, the Harrison-penned \"Sour Milk Sea\", backed with \"The Eagle Laughs at You\" written by Lomax, made little commercial impression. Lomax and Harrison recorded the remainder of the \"Is This What You Want?\" album in Los Angeles, with Hal Blaine and other members of the Wrecking Crew; but as with the concurrent single, the Lomax-produced \"New Day\", success remained elusive when the album was released in early 1969. A final Apple single followed, a cover version of \" How the Web Was Woven\" featuring Leon Russell. By 1970, The Beatles' breakup left the remaining Apple Records artists in limbo. After leaving Apple, Lomax joined a band called Heavy Jelly. The band began as a hoax review in Time Out magazine. Guitarist John Morshead from The Aynsley Dunbar Retaliation and three ringers had posed for the \"group's\" photo in the magazine, so to cash in on the buzz Morshead and drummer Carlo Little released a single on promoter John Curd's Head Records (\"Chewn In\"/\"Time Out\", Head HDS4001, 1969). They were beaten to the punch however by the group Skip Bifferty who released their own single as Heavy Jelly, \"I Keep Singing That Same Old Song\" b/w \"Blue\", on Island Records. The A-Side became fairly well-known at the time from its inclusion on the Island sampler \"Nice Enough To Eat. \" Curd owned the rights to the name however, and stopped Island from releasing any other Heavy Jelly productions. Guitarist Morshead, along with his former Aynsley Dunbar mate bassist Alex Dmochowski, formed another version of Heavy Jelly with Jackie Lomax.", "Ivan Zagni Ivan Zagni (born 16 October 1942) is a New Zealand-based musician and composer who has been a member of bands such as Jody Grind, Big Sideways and Avant Garage, and has recorded albums with Aynsley Dunbar, Elton Dean, Don McGlashan and Peter Scholes. Ivan Zagni sang as a boy chorister at Norwich's St John the Baptist Catholic Cathedral and began taking guitar lessons at age 12. In 1958 he performed his own composition \"Black Coffee\" for a local documentary screened on BBC TV. His first group was The Cadillacs with his brothers John and Frank. He then teamed up with vocalist Mike Patto (Spooky Tooth) in The Continentals, soon renamed The News and signed to Decca for two singles. Zagni moved to London in 1964 where he worked as a freelance guitarist, composer and arranger, session musician for Decca and Transatlantic, and played with a variety of groups including Chicago Line Blues Band with Patto, Tim Hinkley and Louis Cennamo. Patto later joined Timebox who covered Patto/Zagni composition \" A Woman that's Waiting\" as the b-side to their single \"Begging'\", which charted in the UK at #38 in July 1968. Zagni joined the progressive group Jody Grind and recorded on their first album, then in Bogomas with Louis Cennamo, and then in Blue Whale with Aynsley Dunbar, who disbanded the group to join Frank Zappa. In 1970 he returned to Norwich to study piano and composition. From 1971-77 he was Choir Master at St John the Baptist Cathedral in Norwich where he composed a number of works for the Cathedral. He then returned to London, becoming increasingly involved in the European improvisation scene and spending six months in Amsterdam."], "answer": {"text": "He was replaced by Berklee-trained jazz drummer Steve Smith.", "answer_start": 1233}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any new albums?", "answer": {"text": "Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978).", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Infinity do well?", "answer": {"text": "This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album.", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "This album, with their hit song \"Wheel in the Sky\" (#57 U.S.), set Journey on a new path with a more mainstream sound", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1978, manager Herbie Herbert fired drummer Aynsley Dunbar,", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he fire him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a131bb28af4f4d5a8bf4fc95698e0bbe_1_q#9", "question": "Did this replacement work well?", "rewrite": "Did Journey's new drummer Steve Smith work well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Trial by Fire (Journey album) Trial by Fire is the tenth studio album by American rock band Journey. Released on October 22, 1996, the album marked the reunion of the classic 1980s lineup, which had not recorded together since 1983's \"Frontiers\". \"Trial by Fire\" was produced by Kevin Shirley, who continues to produce the band's albums. The first album to feature bassist Ross Valory since \"Frontiers\" and the last to feature vocalist Steve Perry and drummer Steve Smith until the latter rejoined Journey in 2015. \"Trial by Fire\" includes the Top 20 hit and Grammy nominated single \"When You Love a Woman\", which reached No. 12 and No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary charts respectively. \"Message of Love\", \"Can't Tame the Lion\" and \"If He Should Break Your Heart\" were released as singles and received radio airplay. The album reflected a growing maturity with the members of Journey and could be loosely termed a concept album with many tracks reflecting a more overt spirituality in lyrical content. The title track, for example, is taken directly from Paul's Second Epistle to the Corinthians. \"Trial by Fire\" is Journey's only album to not be accompanied by a supporting tour. That was due to internal disputes over a tour (originally scheduled for the summer and fall of 1997), as a result of Perry's hip injury as he prolonged getting the necessary surgery. If the band had toured, that tour would not have started until over a year after the album's release. Perry left the band feeling that he was being forced out. He was unsure about whether or not/ when to have necessary surgery and because of pressure to tour sooner than later. Drummer Steve Smith also quit citing that the band without Perry did not interest him.", "Heaven (Bryan Adams song) \"Heaven\" is a song by the Canadian singer and songwriter Bryan Adams recorded in 1983, written by Adams and Jim Vallance. It first appeared on the \"A Night in Heaven\" soundtrack album the same year and was later included on Adams' album \"Reckless\" in 1984. It was released as the third single from \"Reckless\" and reached number one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in June 1985, over a year and a half after the song first appeared on record. The single was certified Gold in Canada in 1985. Heavily influenced by Journey's 1983 hit \"Faithfully\", the song was written while Adams served as the opening act on that band's Frontiers Tour, and features their drummer, Steve Smith. It provided Adams with his first number one single and third top 10 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The track placed number 24 on \"Billboard\" magazine's Top Pop Singles of 1985. Adams had played over 100 dates with Journey during 1983, serving as the opening act on their Frontiers Tour. During that time, he and Jim Vallance co-wrote \"Heaven\", which was inspired by Journey's hit \"Faithfully\". It was recorded at the Power Station in New York City on June 6 and 7, 1983. Halfway through the recording session, drummer Mickey Curry \u2013 who had warned Adams about his limited availability that day \u2013 announced that he had to leave since he had committed in advance to a Hall & Oates session. Since the recording session for \"Heaven\" was running behind schedule, Adams called Journey drummer Steve Smith, who happened to be in New York City at the time and he filled Curry's drumming position. The song first appeared on the soundtrack to the 1983 film, \"A Night in Heaven\", although it was not released as a single at that time.", "Evolution (Journey album) Evolution is the fifth studio album by Journey. Released in March 1979 on Columbia Records, their first album to feature drummer Steve Smith. It was the band's most successful album at that time, selling three million copies in the US and charting at #20 on the \"Billboard 200\". They retained Roy Thomas Baker (Best known for his work with Queen) as producer, but drummer Aynsley Dunbar was replaced with Steve Smith, formerly with Ronnie Montrose's band. \"Evolution\" features their first top 20 hit, \" Lovin', Touchin', Squeezin'\", which was inspired by the classic Sam Cooke top 20 hit \" Nothin' Can Change This Love\" and reached #16 in the US. \" Just the Same Way\" featured original lead vocalist Gregg Rolie along with Steve Perry.", "Vital Information Steve Smith and Vital Information is an American jazz fusion group led by drummer Steve Smith. The first line-up of Vital Information \u2014 Steve Smith (drums), Tim Landers (bass), and Dave Wilczewski (sax) \u2014 met in 1971 during their high school years while playing together in the Bridgewater State College Big Band, a Boston area college band under the direction of Vincent Gannon. By 1977 Smith was touring with Jean-Luc Ponty, Landers with Al Di Meola, and Wilczewski with Freddie Hubbard. They reunited annually in Boston with guitarists such as Dean Brown, Daryl Stuermer, or Barry Finnerty to complete the band. From 1977\u20131982 the three man band members wrote many compositions, played a number of gigs, and developed the sound and concept that became the first edition of Vital Information. After Smith was in the band Journey for a few years, he signed a contract with Columbia to make his first solo album. The group recorded \"Vital Information\" (1983), consisting of Landers, Wilczewski, and guitarists Dean Brown and Mike Stern. The album was recorded in Warren, Rhode Island in January 1983 and released that summer. In September 1983 the band toured the U.S with Dutch guitarist Eef Albers Stern, who was on tour with Miles Davis and Jaco Pastorius. At the end of the tour the group returned to Rhode Island and recorded \"Orion\" (1984). After leaving Journey in 1985, Smith continued as bandleader of Vital Information. Tim Landers and Dave Wilczewski eventually left the group to pursue their own careers. Landers became a studio musician in Los Angeles while Wilczewski moved to Stockholm, Sweden. He died on August 22, 2009.", "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties. The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style, akin to that of Foreigner and Boston. Journey went on tour with Fleischman in 1977 and together the new incarnation of the band wrote the hit \"Wheel in the Sky\"; however, management differences resulted in Fleischman leaving within the year. In late 1977, Journey hired Steve Perry as their new lead singer. Herbie Herbert, the band's manager, also hired Roy Thomas Baker as a producer to add a layered sound approach as Baker had done with his previous band, Queen. With their new lead singer and talented new producer, Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978). This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album. This album, with their hit song \"Wheel in the Sky\" (#57 U.S.), set Journey on a new path with a more mainstream sound to make their highest chart success to date. In late 1978, manager Herbie Herbert fired drummer Aynsley Dunbar, who joined Bay Area rivals Jefferson Starship shortly thereafter. He was replaced by Berklee-trained jazz drummer Steve Smith. Perry, Schon, Rolie, Smith and Valory recorded Evolution (1979), which gave the band their first Billboard Hot 100 Top 20 single, \"Lovin', Touchin', Squeezin'\" (#16); and Departure (1980), which reached No. 8 on the album charts. Journey's newfound success brought the band an almost entirely new fan base. During the 1980 Departure world tour, the band recorded a live album, Captured."], "answer": {"text": "Perry, Schon, Rolie, Smith and Valory recorded Evolution (1979), which gave the band their first Billboard Hot 100 Top 20 single,", "answer_start": 1294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1977 with the band Journey?", "answer": {"text": "The band hired Robert Fleischman and transitioned to a more popular style,", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their musical direction?", "answer": {"text": "Journey's album sales did not improve and Columbia Records requested that they change their musical style and add a frontman, with whom keyboardist Gregg Rolie could share lead vocal duties.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Robert's role with the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any new albums?", "answer": {"text": "Journey released their fourth album, Infinity (1978).", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Infinity do well?", "answer": {"text": "This album set Journey on their road to stardom with their first RIAA-certified platinum album.", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit singles?", "answer": {"text": "This album, with their hit song \"Wheel in the Sky\" (#57 U.S.), set Journey on a new path with a more mainstream sound", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1978, manager Herbie Herbert fired drummer Aynsley Dunbar,", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he fire him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after he was fired?", "answer": {"text": "He was replaced by Berklee-trained jazz drummer Steve Smith.", "answer_start": 1233, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d515913d8ce84cf593b1ca1e6254fb2e_0_q#0", "question": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "rewrite": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jessi (album) Jessi is the third studio album released by American country music artist Jessi Colter. It was her second release for Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Mansfield and husband, Waylon Jennings. It was recorded September\u2013October 1975 at Woodland Sound Studios in Nashville and released in January 1976, becoming one of two albums issued by Colter in 1976. \"Jessi\" was released following the success of Colter's country pop crossover hit, \"I'm Not Lisa\" and all of the songs on the album were written entirely by Colter. The album spawned one major hit, \"It's Morning (And I Still Love You),\" which peaked at #11 on the Hot Country Songs chart in early 1976. Its second single, \" Without You\" did not make the Top 40. The album peaked at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart and #109 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. Allmusic reviewed \"Jessi\" and gave it four and a half out of five stars. Reviewer, Jim Worbois stated he was surprised that, \"this record wasn't more popular than it was. Many of these songs are better than her big hit.\" All songs composed by Jessi Colter. Album \u2013 \"Billboard\" (North America), \"RPM\" (Canada) Singles - \"Billboard\" (United States), RPM (Canada)", "Jessi Colter discography The discography of American country artist Jessi Colter consists of eleven studio albums, three compilation albums, twenty six singles, fourteen other appearances, and one other charted song. After marrying guitarist Duane Eddy in 1961, Colter recorded two singles and toured with Eddy until divorcing in 1968. The following year, she met country artist Waylon Jennings who helped her secure a recording contract with RCA Victor. Her debut studio album entitled \"A Country Star Is Born\" was released in 1970. The pair would collaborate on a cover of Elvis Presley's \"Suspicious Minds during this time. Colter signed with Capitol Records in 1975 and released her debut single off the label \"I'm Not Lisa\". The song became her commercial breakthrough, reaching the number one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and crossing over to the Billboard Hot 100 where it reached the top five. That same year, Colter's second studio album \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was issued, which also produce the Top five country hit, \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes. \" In 1976, Colter released two more studio albums: \"Jessi\" and \"Diamond in the Rough.\" The same year, Colter also participated in the album, \"Wanted! The Outlaws\" with Tompall Glaser, Jennings, and Willie Nelson. The compilation won the Country Music Association's \"Album of the Year\" award and certified 2\u00d7 Multi-Platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Following two additional studio albums in the later half of the 70s (\"Mirriam\" and \"That's the Way a Cowboy Rocks and Rolls\"), Colter's popularity declined. In 1981 she returned with Jennings to record the studio album \"Leather and Lace\".", "Jessi Colter Sings Just for Kids: Songs from Around the World Jessi Colter Sings Songs for Kids: Songs from Around the World is the 10th studio album by American country artist Jessi Colter, released in 1996 on Peter Pan Records, her first and only album of Children's music, and first studio album in 12 years. Her next album of new material, \"Out of the Ashes\", would not be released until 2006. Colter had previously been known as a country music artist, primarily popular in the 1970s and 80s. She focused her career towards her first Children's album in 1996. Colter starred in her own home video for the project, with a guest appearance from husband and country artist, Waylon Jennings, who recited some of his poetry for the first time. The album consisted of twenty one tracks of children's music from different parts of the world, including Europe and Latin America. The album would later be re-released by the album's label in 2000, retitled as \"Around the World.\"", "I'm Jessi Colter I'm Jessi Colter is the second studio album by American country music artist, Jessi Colter. The album was released on Capitol Records in January 1975 and was produced by Ken Mansfield. The release contained the single, \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which peaked at #1 on the country chart and #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was Colter's first studio album for the Capitol label. The album spawned two major hits: \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which became Colter's first major hit, and \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes,\" which peaked at #5 on the Billboard Country Chart. The latter's B-side, \"You Ain't Never Been Loved (Like I'm Gonna Love You)\" peaked at #64 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1975. The two singles were Colter's only solo Top 10 singles. Colter's album was enormously successful, peaking at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart and #50 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. The release was given a positive review from Allmusic, who gave the album four out of five stars. All songs composed by Jessi Colter:   Recorded at Glaser Sound Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, United States and Sound Factory in Los Angeles, California, United States. Album \u2013 Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (United States), RPM (Canada)", "I'm Not Lisa \"I'm Not Lisa\" is a country song recorded and written by American country artist Jessi Colter. It was released as a single on January 16, 1975, by Capitol Records. \"I'm Not Lisa\" would become Colter's first major hit as a solo artist. \"I'm Not Lisa\" was written by Colter and describes the pain that comes with dating someone who has not gotten over a previous lover. The previous lover, named Lisa, was taken away by His hand, which implies she died. Specifically, the song is about a woman named Julie who laments the fact that her boyfriend keeps mentioning his previous girlfriend, named Lisa. While singing on the recording of the original version of the song, Colter also played the song's piano accompaniment on the keyboards. The song was produced by Ken Mansfield and Colter's husband, Waylon Jennings. Both men would also produce Colter's 1975 album, as well as her further releases for Capitol records. \"I'm Not Lisa\" was released on Capitol Records on January 16, 1975, making its debut on the country chart February 15, 1975. The song became Colter's commercial breakthrough as a solo artist, peaking at #1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It also was a major crossover Pop hit, peaking at #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and subsequently ranking as the 40th most popular song on Billboard's Year-End chart for 1975. In addition, the song also reached #16 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and was released on Colter's debut Capitol album, \"I'm Jessi Colter. \" The song earned Colter a Grammy award nomination in the category of \"Best Female Country Vocal Performance\" and a Country Music Association Awards nomination. Colter's follow-up single"], "answer": {"text": "returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"", "answer_start": 16}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d515913d8ce84cf593b1ca1e6254fb2e_0_q#1", "question": "who did she partner with on the album?", "rewrite": "who did Jessi Colter partner with on the album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jessi Colter Sings Just for Kids: Songs from Around the World Jessi Colter Sings Songs for Kids: Songs from Around the World is the 10th studio album by American country artist Jessi Colter, released in 1996 on Peter Pan Records, her first and only album of Children's music, and first studio album in 12 years. Her next album of new material, \"Out of the Ashes\", would not be released until 2006. Colter had previously been known as a country music artist, primarily popular in the 1970s and 80s. She focused her career towards her first Children's album in 1996. Colter starred in her own home video for the project, with a guest appearance from husband and country artist, Waylon Jennings, who recited some of his poetry for the first time. The album consisted of twenty one tracks of children's music from different parts of the world, including Europe and Latin America. The album would later be re-released by the album's label in 2000, retitled as \"Around the World.\"", "The Very Best of Jessi Colter: An Outlaw... a Lady The Very Best of Jessi Colter: An Outlaw, a Lady is a compilation album released by Capitol records; the collection features Country music singer Jessi Colter's biggest hits from the 1970s and 1980s. The album includes Colter's signature song, the pop-country crossover hit \"I'm Not Lisa\", plus, its follow-up -- \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes\"\u2014which reached #5 on the Country charts in 1975. The album includes nine of Colter's ten total charted hits.", "Jessi Colter discography The discography of American country artist Jessi Colter consists of eleven studio albums, three compilation albums, twenty six singles, fourteen other appearances, and one other charted song. After marrying guitarist Duane Eddy in 1961, Colter recorded two singles and toured with Eddy until divorcing in 1968. The following year, she met country artist Waylon Jennings who helped her secure a recording contract with RCA Victor. Her debut studio album entitled \"A Country Star Is Born\" was released in 1970. The pair would collaborate on a cover of Elvis Presley's \"Suspicious Minds during this time. Colter signed with Capitol Records in 1975 and released her debut single off the label \"I'm Not Lisa\". The song became her commercial breakthrough, reaching the number one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and crossing over to the Billboard Hot 100 where it reached the top five. That same year, Colter's second studio album \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was issued, which also produce the Top five country hit, \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes. \" In 1976, Colter released two more studio albums: \"Jessi\" and \"Diamond in the Rough.\" The same year, Colter also participated in the album, \"Wanted! The Outlaws\" with Tompall Glaser, Jennings, and Willie Nelson. The compilation won the Country Music Association's \"Album of the Year\" award and certified 2\u00d7 Multi-Platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Following two additional studio albums in the later half of the 70s (\"Mirriam\" and \"That's the Way a Cowboy Rocks and Rolls\"), Colter's popularity declined. In 1981 she returned with Jennings to record the studio album \"Leather and Lace\".", "I'm Jessi Colter I'm Jessi Colter is the second studio album by American country music artist, Jessi Colter. The album was released on Capitol Records in January 1975 and was produced by Ken Mansfield. The release contained the single, \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which peaked at #1 on the country chart and #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was Colter's first studio album for the Capitol label. The album spawned two major hits: \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which became Colter's first major hit, and \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes,\" which peaked at #5 on the Billboard Country Chart. The latter's B-side, \"You Ain't Never Been Loved (Like I'm Gonna Love You)\" peaked at #64 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1975. The two singles were Colter's only solo Top 10 singles. Colter's album was enormously successful, peaking at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart and #50 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. The release was given a positive review from Allmusic, who gave the album four out of five stars. All songs composed by Jessi Colter:   Recorded at Glaser Sound Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, United States and Sound Factory in Los Angeles, California, United States. Album \u2013 Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (United States), RPM (Canada)", "Jessi (album) Jessi is the third studio album released by American country music artist Jessi Colter. It was her second release for Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Mansfield and husband, Waylon Jennings. It was recorded September\u2013October 1975 at Woodland Sound Studios in Nashville and released in January 1976, becoming one of two albums issued by Colter in 1976. \"Jessi\" was released following the success of Colter's country pop crossover hit, \"I'm Not Lisa\" and all of the songs on the album were written entirely by Colter. The album spawned one major hit, \"It's Morning (And I Still Love You),\" which peaked at #11 on the Hot Country Songs chart in early 1976. Its second single, \" Without You\" did not make the Top 40. The album peaked at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart and #109 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. Allmusic reviewed \"Jessi\" and gave it four and a half out of five stars. Reviewer, Jim Worbois stated he was surprised that, \"this record wasn't more popular than it was. Many of these songs are better than her big hit.\" All songs composed by Jessi Colter. Album \u2013 \"Billboard\" (North America), \"RPM\" (Canada) Singles - \"Billboard\" (United States), RPM (Canada)"], "answer": {"text": "produced by Don Was", "answer_start": 201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "answer": {"text": "returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d515913d8ce84cf593b1ca1e6254fb2e_0_q#2", "question": "What were some of the song titles?", "rewrite": "What were some of the song titles on the new studio album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Untitled Korn album The untitled eighth studio album by American nu metal band Korn was released on July 31, 2007, through Virgin Records and is to date their only album without an official drummer, as David Silveria departed the band in 2006. The band hired drummers Terry Bozzio and Brooks Wackerman to play the album's drum parts. The album was intentionally released without a title, as Davis reasoned, \"Why not just let our fans call it whatever they wanna call it?\" The album was certified Gold in the United States on October 30, 2007. This album was the first without former drummer David Silveria, instead, Korn enlisted the help of Terry Bozzio, Brooks Wackerman, as well as Jonathan Davis for drumming. Also, the band recruited Zac Baird as keyboardist on this album. An MTV article published on May 17, 2007 includes an interview with Munky as he details the process of the new studio album, while also revealing several song titles. On May 28, vocalist Jonathan Davis joined Dutch radio station 3FM immediately after his performance at the Pinkpop Festival. He commented on the band's upcoming album, stating it \"will not be titled.\" He elaborated, \"We had the world's greatest drummer Terry Bozzio in and Brooks Wackerman from Bad Religion in and I played drums on some songs too. I'm so proud of it , we just can't wait to show people what we've done.\" Davis went on to say \"We didn't want to label this album. It has no boundaries. It has no limits and why not just let our fans call it whatever they wanna call it? \" It is the first and only Korn album to ever be recorded by the band as a trio.", "Tibi Et Igni Tibi et Igni is the tenth studio album by Polish death metal band Vader. It was released on May 30, 2014, through Nuclear Blast Records. The album was recorded by the Wies\u0142awski brothers at Hertz Studio in Poland. The album was preceded by the 7\" EP \"Go to Hell\", which was released on April 18, 2014. \"Tibi et Igni\" is the first album to feature British drummer James Stewart, who replaced Pawel \"Paul\" Jaroszewicz in 2011. During an interview in February 2013, frontman Piotr \"Peter\" Wiwczarek announced that Vader had begun working on a new studio album with the working title \"Straight to Hell\", which was set to be released in late 2013. In May 2013, Wiwczarek announced that Vader planned to enter the studio in December to record its upcoming album, which was set to be released in early 2014. On December 7, 2013, it was announced that Vader had entered Hertz Studio in Bia\u0142ystok, Poland and had begun recording a new album, with a new working title, \"Tibi et Igni\", which is a Latin phrase that means \"For You and Fire\". The band had planned to record 14 new songs and 4 bonus tracks, and revealed possible song titles, including \"Abandon All Hope\", \"Bring Them to Me\" and \"Infernal Poetry\". On December 29, Wiwczarek announced that tracking for the album would be completed by the end of January 2014, and the album would be completed by February. He also announced the album should be released by April or May 2014. On March 7, 2014, Vader announced that the band had finished recording the album, and that it will be released on May 30, 2014, through Nuclear Blast.", "The Widening Gyre (album) The Widening Gyre is the twelfth studio album by Irish folk music group Altan and their eleventh studio album of original material, released in February 2015 on the Compass Records label. It was released to critical acclaim. This is the first studio album of original material to be released by Altan in almost 3 years since the release of \"Gleann Nimhe \u2013 The Poison Glen\" in 2012. This is also the first Altan album to feature new band member Martin Tourish on accordion. In January 2015, Altan revealed that \"The Widening Gyre\" would be the name of their new album to be released in Ireland on 20 February 2015, in the UK on 23 February 2015 and in the US on 24 February 2015. And as they borrowed the title from \"The Second Coming\", one of W. B. Yeats poems, the first Irishman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923. Altan's official website published a presentation of their new studio album \" The Widening Gyre\" giving many details about the new album: the new musical direction taken by the band, the album recording process and the participation of numerous guest musicians as well as the titles of some of the new tracks. The very same day, on their \"Widening Gyre\" iTunes page, Altan revealed the titles of the 14 tracks from their new studio album and released them for sale. On 27 January 2015, on their \"Widening Gyre\" Compass Records page, Altan made available short snippets of their new tracks. Mair\u00e9ad N\u00ed Mhaonaigh introduced the music on the album as an exploration of the influence of Appalachian music on Irish music. Recorded \u00abwith many good friends in the studio and Compass Records co-founder Garry West in the producer's chair steer[ing]", "It's about alienation\u2026or is it? I have to be careful making assumptions about Simon's lyrics. The chorus line, \" ' We go under the wire, we go in under fire.' \" But this war zone is domestic, a council estate. He also mentioned the songs \"Angel Fire\" and \"Criminals In The Capitol\" during the band's 2007 XM Radio session: \"we were writing songs about the stuff that was on the television, the stuff that was in the newspapers -- there was a song called 'Criminals In The Capitol', there was a song called 'Angel Fire'. \" Information on another song was provided by the Duranasty news site: \"There is one song of \"Reportage\" called 'Judy, Where Are You'. Nick told me that the song is about their friend in New Orleans who went missing after Hurricane Katrina. Nick said it's a beautiful song and has got [a] Kinks influence.\" Additionally, the song titles 'Naomi Tonight' and 'You Ain't Foolin' No One' were revealed by music industry insiders on the Velvet Rope message board. Both song titles have also been registered by the band with ASCAP. These are the working song titles that have been identified by band members and music industry sources as being part of the \"Reportage\" project before it was abandoned:   All of the above song titles are registered with ASCAP. \"Criminals in the Capital\" was registered as 'Criminals In The \"Capitol\", 'Traumatized' was registered with the American spelling and 'Judy, Where Are You?' was registered as 'Judy'. The song mentioned by Simon as having the working title ' Nobody' is likely the same song that was registered with ASCAP as 'You Ain't Foolin' No One'.", "Flicker (song) \"Flicker\" is a song recorded by American electronic music producer Porter Robinson. It was released on July 28, 2014 as the fourth single from his debut studio album \"Worlds\" (2014). Robinson wrote, produced, and performed the track. Musically, the song contains elements of disco and hip-hop, as well as sampling of soul music. Vocally, the song contains a text-to-speech voice incorrectly translating \"never seen\" Japanese song titles that have been chopped and screwed in a rap-like style. An official music video for the single premiered on August 14, 2014, and involves footage of Japan filtered with effects including those of 8-bit video games. The song was well-received from critics, and was a hit on the American Dance/Electronic Songs chart. With \"Flicker\", one of Porter Robinson's favorite songs of his debut studio album \"Worlds\" (2014), he wanted to experiment with samples of soul music, which he became a fan of ever since he listened to his favorite album, Daft Punk's second studio record \"Discovery\" (2001). The result was a hip-hop-style instrumental that he felt was \"incomplete\" with only drums and the phased samples. He didn't initially plan \"Flicker\" to be a track on \"Worlds\" until some time later when he was using a translation website to translate \"song titles that would never be seen\" incorrectly into Japanese, and then put the Japanese text into a text-to-speech program for it to be converted into a WAV file for him to \"cut it into a rap\" which he called a \"charming little thing\". Finally, he composed the lead melody and chord progression. The song also features the laugh of Remon Yamano from the anime \"Ano Natsu de Matteru\" at multiple points. (citation needed)"], "answer": {"text": "Out of the Rain,", "answer_start": 286}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "answer": {"text": "returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she partner with on the album?", "answer": {"text": "produced by Don Was", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d515913d8ce84cf593b1ca1e6254fb2e_0_q#3", "question": "What else has she been working on?", "rewrite": "What else has Jessi Colter been working other than the new studio album produced by  Don Was?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jessi Colter Sings Just for Kids: Songs from Around the World Jessi Colter Sings Songs for Kids: Songs from Around the World is the 10th studio album by American country artist Jessi Colter, released in 1996 on Peter Pan Records, her first and only album of Children's music, and first studio album in 12 years. Her next album of new material, \"Out of the Ashes\", would not be released until 2006. Colter had previously been known as a country music artist, primarily popular in the 1970s and 80s. She focused her career towards her first Children's album in 1996. Colter starred in her own home video for the project, with a guest appearance from husband and country artist, Waylon Jennings, who recited some of his poetry for the first time. The album consisted of twenty one tracks of children's music from different parts of the world, including Europe and Latin America. The album would later be re-released by the album's label in 2000, retitled as \"Around the World.\"", "Diamond in the Rough (album)  Diamond in the Rough is the fourth studio album released by American country artist Jessi Colter. It was the second album issued by Colter in 1976; the previous was \"Jessi\", released earlier in the year. \" Diamond in the Rough\" was issued under Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Mansfield. \"Diamond in the Rough\" was issued as Colter's second studio album in 1976, containing ten new tracks, which included a cover of The Beatles's \"Hey Jude\". The album only spawned one single released in 1977, titled \"I Thought I Heard You Calling My Name\", which peaked at #29 on the Hot Country Songs chart. The song's B-side, \"You Hung the Moon (Didn't You Waylon) \", was also released as a single, however it failed to chart. \" Diamond in the Rough\" peaked at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart (Colter's third album in a row to do so), while also reaching #79 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. The album was co-produced by Colter's husband, country music artist Waylon Jennings, who also produced her previous two albums. All tracks composed by Jessi Colter; except where indicated   Album \u2013 Billboard (North America), \"RPM\" (Canada) Singles - Billboard (United States), RPM (Canada)", "Jessi (album) Jessi is the third studio album released by American country music artist Jessi Colter. It was her second release for Capitol Records and was produced by Ken Mansfield and husband, Waylon Jennings. It was recorded September\u2013October 1975 at Woodland Sound Studios in Nashville and released in January 1976, becoming one of two albums issued by Colter in 1976. \"Jessi\" was released following the success of Colter's country pop crossover hit, \"I'm Not Lisa\" and all of the songs on the album were written entirely by Colter. The album spawned one major hit, \"It's Morning (And I Still Love You),\" which peaked at #11 on the Hot Country Songs chart in early 1976. Its second single, \" Without You\" did not make the Top 40. The album peaked at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart and #109 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. Allmusic reviewed \"Jessi\" and gave it four and a half out of five stars. Reviewer, Jim Worbois stated he was surprised that, \"this record wasn't more popular than it was. Many of these songs are better than her big hit.\" All songs composed by Jessi Colter. Album \u2013 \"Billboard\" (North America), \"RPM\" (Canada) Singles - \"Billboard\" (United States), RPM (Canada)", "Jessi Colter discography The discography of American country artist Jessi Colter consists of eleven studio albums, three compilation albums, twenty six singles, fourteen other appearances, and one other charted song. After marrying guitarist Duane Eddy in 1961, Colter recorded two singles and toured with Eddy until divorcing in 1968. The following year, she met country artist Waylon Jennings who helped her secure a recording contract with RCA Victor. Her debut studio album entitled \"A Country Star Is Born\" was released in 1970. The pair would collaborate on a cover of Elvis Presley's \"Suspicious Minds during this time. Colter signed with Capitol Records in 1975 and released her debut single off the label \"I'm Not Lisa\". The song became her commercial breakthrough, reaching the number one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and crossing over to the Billboard Hot 100 where it reached the top five. That same year, Colter's second studio album \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was issued, which also produce the Top five country hit, \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes. \" In 1976, Colter released two more studio albums: \"Jessi\" and \"Diamond in the Rough.\" The same year, Colter also participated in the album, \"Wanted! The Outlaws\" with Tompall Glaser, Jennings, and Willie Nelson. The compilation won the Country Music Association's \"Album of the Year\" award and certified 2\u00d7 Multi-Platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Following two additional studio albums in the later half of the 70s (\"Mirriam\" and \"That's the Way a Cowboy Rocks and Rolls\"), Colter's popularity declined. In 1981 she returned with Jennings to record the studio album \"Leather and Lace\".", "I'm Jessi Colter I'm Jessi Colter is the second studio album by American country music artist, Jessi Colter. The album was released on Capitol Records in January 1975 and was produced by Ken Mansfield. The release contained the single, \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which peaked at #1 on the country chart and #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was Colter's first studio album for the Capitol label. The album spawned two major hits: \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which became Colter's first major hit, and \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes,\" which peaked at #5 on the Billboard Country Chart. The latter's B-side, \"You Ain't Never Been Loved (Like I'm Gonna Love You)\" peaked at #64 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1975. The two singles were Colter's only solo Top 10 singles. Colter's album was enormously successful, peaking at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart and #50 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. The release was given a positive review from Allmusic, who gave the album four out of five stars. All songs composed by Jessi Colter:   Recorded at Glaser Sound Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, United States and Sound Factory in Los Angeles, California, United States. Album \u2013 Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (United States), RPM (Canada)"], "answer": {"text": "Colter's first album in eleven years, The Psalms was released on March 24 via Legacy Recordings.", "answer_start": 993}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "answer": {"text": "returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she partner with on the album?", "answer": {"text": "produced by Don Was", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the song titles?", "answer": {"text": "Out of the Rain,", "answer_start": 286, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d515913d8ce84cf593b1ca1e6254fb2e_0_q#4", "question": "Was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was the Colter's first album successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2006, Colter returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"Out of the Ashes\" was Colter's first studio album in over 20 years. The album was produced by Don Was and reflected on Jennings' death. Jennings had an unused vocal, \"Out of the Rain,\" which was featured on the track. The album was given many positive reviews, including Allmusic, which gave the album four out of five stars in 2006. Out of the Ashes was her first album since 1981 to chart on the Top Country Albums chart, peaking at No. 61. In 2007 Colter recorded a duet version of her 1975 hit \"I'm Not Lisa\" with Deana Carter on her 2007 album, The Chain. In 2017, Colter and Jan Howard provided guest vocals to a track appearing on Written In Song, an album by Jeannie Seely. The song, called \"We're Still Hangin' In There Ain't We Jessi\", references how Seely and Colter are seemingly two of the only women in country music who managed to have a successful marriage. Colter's first album in eleven years, The Psalms was released on March 24 via Legacy Recordings. The album consisted of Colter's favourite Book of Psalms passages put to music and was produced by Lenny Kaye, who recalled an evening when he, Colter, Jennings and Patti Smith were having dinner together in 1995 when Colter began to sing passages of the Bible. Kaye stated that he was \"transfixed\" and kept the evening in his mind until he convinced Colter to record those renditions in 2007, with the album being recorded over the course of two sessions, along with a further two in 2008.", "John Colter John Colter (c.1770\u20131775 \u2013 May 7, 1812 or November 22, 1813) was a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804\u20131806). Though party to one of the more famous expeditions in history, Colter is best remembered for explorations he made during the winter of 1807\u20131808, when he became the first known person of European descent to enter the region which later became Yellowstone National Park and to see the Teton Mountain Range. Colter spent months alone in the wilderness and is widely considered to be the first known mountain man. John Colter was born in Stuarts Draft, Augusta County, Colony of Virginia, 1774 based on assumptions by his family. The Colter family patriarch Micajah Coalter is believed to have migrated from Ireland in 1700. There is some debate as to which variation of the family name, Coalter, Coulter, or Colter, is correct and the issue was further convoluted by Captain William Clark utilizing all three spelling variations during his daily journals. It is unknown whether or not Colter was literate and knew how to write. Two signatures possessed by the Missouri State Historical Society assert that the proper spelling of the family name was \"Colter\" and that Colter was at least able to write his own name. Sometime around 1780, the Colter family moved west and settled near present-day Maysville, Kentucky. As a young man Colter may have served as a ranger under Simon Kenton. He was tall. John Colter, along with George Shannon, Patrick Gass and Dog Seaman all joined the expedition while Lewis was waiting for the completion of their vessels in Pittsburgh and nearby Elizabeth, Pennsylvania.", "Out of the Ashes (Jessi Colter album) Out of the Ashes is the 11th studio album by American country artist Jessi Colter, released 2006 on Shout! Factory Records. It was Colter's first album in 10 years, and her first country music album in 22 years since 1984's \"Rock and Roll Lullaby. \" It was also her first release since 1981 to chart on the Top Country Albums chart, where it reached #61. It was the first album by Colter to be released following the death of her husband and country artist, Waylon Jennings. The title of the album, \"Out of the Ashes,\" explains the message that she has remained an artist without the help of Jennings. \"Out of the Ashes\" consisted of twelve tracks that mixed the genres of country, blues, gospel, and rock. The album was produced by Don Was, who had previously worked with The Rolling Stones and Bob Dylan. The release includes guest appearances from son Shooter Jennings and Tony Joe White. It also includes an unreleased song Colter collaborated on with Jennings in the late 1980s called \"Out of the Rain.\" Before recording the album, Colter specifically went to Don Was with a few songs she had written and asked him what he thought. After telling Colter he was unsure about the songs, she returned to Was with more songs and shortly afterwards, they recorded the album. Six of the songs were written entirely by Colter, four were co-written by her, and two were cover versions of songs: the Gospel song, \" His Eye is on the Sparrow\" and Bob Dylan's \"Rainy Day Women No. 12 and 35.\" Allmusic critic, Thom Jurek gave \"Out of the Ashes\" a positive review, giving it four out of five stars.", "I'm Jessi Colter I'm Jessi Colter is the second studio album by American country music artist, Jessi Colter. The album was released on Capitol Records in January 1975 and was produced by Ken Mansfield. The release contained the single, \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which peaked at #1 on the country chart and #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was Colter's first studio album for the Capitol label. The album spawned two major hits: \"I'm Not Lisa,\" which became Colter's first major hit, and \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes,\" which peaked at #5 on the Billboard Country Chart. The latter's B-side, \"You Ain't Never Been Loved (Like I'm Gonna Love You)\" peaked at #64 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1975. The two singles were Colter's only solo Top 10 singles. Colter's album was enormously successful, peaking at #4 on the Top Country Albums chart and #50 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. The release was given a positive review from Allmusic, who gave the album four out of five stars. All songs composed by Jessi Colter:   Recorded at Glaser Sound Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, United States and Sound Factory in Los Angeles, California, United States. Album \u2013 Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (United States), RPM (Canada)", "I'm Not Lisa \"I'm Not Lisa\" is a country song recorded and written by American country artist Jessi Colter. It was released as a single on January 16, 1975, by Capitol Records. \"I'm Not Lisa\" would become Colter's first major hit as a solo artist. \"I'm Not Lisa\" was written by Colter and describes the pain that comes with dating someone who has not gotten over a previous lover. The previous lover, named Lisa, was taken away by His hand, which implies she died. Specifically, the song is about a woman named Julie who laments the fact that her boyfriend keeps mentioning his previous girlfriend, named Lisa. While singing on the recording of the original version of the song, Colter also played the song's piano accompaniment on the keyboards. The song was produced by Ken Mansfield and Colter's husband, Waylon Jennings. Both men would also produce Colter's 1975 album, as well as her further releases for Capitol records. \"I'm Not Lisa\" was released on Capitol Records on January 16, 1975, making its debut on the country chart February 15, 1975. The song became Colter's commercial breakthrough as a solo artist, peaking at #1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It also was a major crossover Pop hit, peaking at #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and subsequently ranking as the 40th most popular song on Billboard's Year-End chart for 1975. In addition, the song also reached #16 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and was released on Colter's debut Capitol album, \"I'm Jessi Colter. \" The song earned Colter a Grammy award nomination in the category of \"Best Female Country Vocal Performance\" and a Country Music Association Awards nomination. Colter's follow-up single"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "answer": {"text": "returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she partner with on the album?", "answer": {"text": "produced by Don Was", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the song titles?", "answer": {"text": "Out of the Rain,", "answer_start": 286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else has she been working on?", "answer": {"text": "Colter's first album in eleven years, The Psalms was released on March 24 via Legacy Recordings.", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d515913d8ce84cf593b1ca1e6254fb2e_0_q#5", "question": "what was the album about?", "rewrite": "what was the Colter's first album about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Colter John Colter (c.1770\u20131775 \u2013 May 7, 1812 or November 22, 1813) was a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804\u20131806). Though party to one of the more famous expeditions in history, Colter is best remembered for explorations he made during the winter of 1807\u20131808, when he became the first known person of European descent to enter the region which later became Yellowstone National Park and to see the Teton Mountain Range. Colter spent months alone in the wilderness and is widely considered to be the first known mountain man. John Colter was born in Stuarts Draft, Augusta County, Colony of Virginia, 1774 based on assumptions by his family. The Colter family patriarch Micajah Coalter is believed to have migrated from Ireland in 1700. There is some debate as to which variation of the family name, Coalter, Coulter, or Colter, is correct and the issue was further convoluted by Captain William Clark utilizing all three spelling variations during his daily journals. It is unknown whether or not Colter was literate and knew how to write. Two signatures possessed by the Missouri State Historical Society assert that the proper spelling of the family name was \"Colter\" and that Colter was at least able to write his own name. Sometime around 1780, the Colter family moved west and settled near present-day Maysville, Kentucky. As a young man Colter may have served as a ranger under Simon Kenton. He was tall. John Colter, along with George Shannon, Patrick Gass and Dog Seaman all joined the expedition while Lewis was waiting for the completion of their vessels in Pittsburgh and nearby Elizabeth, Pennsylvania.", "He also ranked seventh among all players in the state of Colorado by Rivals.com and SuperPrep. Colter committed to Northwestern University on January 14, 2010. Colter also received football scholarships from Air Force, Akron, Arizona State, Colorado, Colorado State and Stanford. In 2009, Kain Colter led a comeback against the then #1 Columbine High School Rebels, which ended in a game-winning field goal. He then moved to the 5A Colorado High School Championship Game against Mullen High School. As a true freshman, Colter made his first college start for the Wildcats, as a slotback, in the 2011 TicketCity Bowl. As a sophomore, Colter was slated to be the backup quarterback to Dan Persa, as Persa was questionable for the team's opening game with an Achilles tendon injury. In the opening game against Boston College, Persa was not healthy enough to start, and Colter became the starting quarterback, leading the Wildcats to a 24-17 victory over the Eagles of Boston College. The Wildcats' head coach, Pat Fitzgerald, said that once Persa returns, Colter will be used as a running back, wide receiver and Wildcat quarterback. Colter's college stats at the completion of the 2012 season. Source: Colter went undrafted in the 2014 NFL Draft but was later signed by the Minnesota Vikings as a wide receiver and running back. Colter didn't make the Vikings' 53-man roster, but he made the practice squad. On February 9, 2016, Colter signed with the Los Angeles Rams, but he was subsequently released. On August 1, 2016, the Buffalo Bills announced that they signed Colter. On September 2, 2016, he was released by the Bills as part of final roster cuts.", "In 2006, Colter returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"Out of the Ashes\" was Colter's first studio album in over 20 years. The album was produced by Don Was and reflected on Jennings' death. Jennings had an unused vocal, \"Out of the Rain,\" which was featured on the track. The album was given many positive reviews, including Allmusic, which gave the album four out of five stars in 2006. Out of the Ashes was her first album since 1981 to chart on the Top Country Albums chart, peaking at No. 61. In 2007 Colter recorded a duet version of her 1975 hit \"I'm Not Lisa\" with Deana Carter on her 2007 album, The Chain. In 2017, Colter and Jan Howard provided guest vocals to a track appearing on Written In Song, an album by Jeannie Seely. The song, called \"We're Still Hangin' In There Ain't We Jessi\", references how Seely and Colter are seemingly two of the only women in country music who managed to have a successful marriage. Colter's first album in eleven years, The Psalms was released on March 24 via Legacy Recordings. The album consisted of Colter's favourite Book of Psalms passages put to music and was produced by Lenny Kaye, who recalled an evening when he, Colter, Jennings and Patti Smith were having dinner together in 1995 when Colter began to sing passages of the Bible. Kaye stated that he was \"transfixed\" and kept the evening in his mind until he convinced Colter to record those renditions in 2007, with the album being recorded over the course of two sessions, along with a further two in 2008.", "Out of the Ashes (Jessi Colter album) Out of the Ashes is the 11th studio album by American country artist Jessi Colter, released 2006 on Shout! Factory Records. It was Colter's first album in 10 years, and her first country music album in 22 years since 1984's \"Rock and Roll Lullaby. \" It was also her first release since 1981 to chart on the Top Country Albums chart, where it reached #61. It was the first album by Colter to be released following the death of her husband and country artist, Waylon Jennings. The title of the album, \"Out of the Ashes,\" explains the message that she has remained an artist without the help of Jennings. \"Out of the Ashes\" consisted of twelve tracks that mixed the genres of country, blues, gospel, and rock. The album was produced by Don Was, who had previously worked with The Rolling Stones and Bob Dylan. The release includes guest appearances from son Shooter Jennings and Tony Joe White. It also includes an unreleased song Colter collaborated on with Jennings in the late 1980s called \"Out of the Rain.\" Before recording the album, Colter specifically went to Don Was with a few songs she had written and asked him what he thought. After telling Colter he was unsure about the songs, she returned to Was with more songs and shortly afterwards, they recorded the album. Six of the songs were written entirely by Colter, four were co-written by her, and two were cover versions of songs: the Gospel song, \" His Eye is on the Sparrow\" and Bob Dylan's \"Rainy Day Women No. 12 and 35.\" Allmusic critic, Thom Jurek gave \"Out of the Ashes\" a positive review, giving it four out of five stars.", "I'm Not Lisa \"I'm Not Lisa\" is a country song recorded and written by American country artist Jessi Colter. It was released as a single on January 16, 1975, by Capitol Records. \"I'm Not Lisa\" would become Colter's first major hit as a solo artist. \"I'm Not Lisa\" was written by Colter and describes the pain that comes with dating someone who has not gotten over a previous lover. The previous lover, named Lisa, was taken away by His hand, which implies she died. Specifically, the song is about a woman named Julie who laments the fact that her boyfriend keeps mentioning his previous girlfriend, named Lisa. While singing on the recording of the original version of the song, Colter also played the song's piano accompaniment on the keyboards. The song was produced by Ken Mansfield and Colter's husband, Waylon Jennings. Both men would also produce Colter's 1975 album, as well as her further releases for Capitol records. \"I'm Not Lisa\" was released on Capitol Records on January 16, 1975, making its debut on the country chart February 15, 1975. The song became Colter's commercial breakthrough as a solo artist, peaking at #1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. It also was a major crossover Pop hit, peaking at #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and subsequently ranking as the 40th most popular song on Billboard's Year-End chart for 1975. In addition, the song also reached #16 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and was released on Colter's debut Capitol album, \"I'm Jessi Colter. \" The song earned Colter a Grammy award nomination in the category of \"Best Female Country Vocal Performance\" and a Country Music Association Awards nomination. Colter's follow-up single"], "answer": {"text": "album consisted of Colter's favourite Book of Psalms passages put to music", "answer_start": 1094}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "answer": {"text": "returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she partner with on the album?", "answer": {"text": "produced by Don Was", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the song titles?", "answer": {"text": "Out of the Rain,", "answer_start": 286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else has she been working on?", "answer": {"text": "Colter's first album in eleven years, The Psalms was released on March 24 via Legacy Recordings.", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d515913d8ce84cf593b1ca1e6254fb2e_0_q#6", "question": "what were the sales like?", "rewrite": "what were the sales for the Colter's first album like?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2006, Colter returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"Out of the Ashes\" was Colter's first studio album in over 20 years. The album was produced by Don Was and reflected on Jennings' death. Jennings had an unused vocal, \"Out of the Rain,\" which was featured on the track. The album was given many positive reviews, including Allmusic, which gave the album four out of five stars in 2006. Out of the Ashes was her first album since 1981 to chart on the Top Country Albums chart, peaking at No. 61. In 2007 Colter recorded a duet version of her 1975 hit \"I'm Not Lisa\" with Deana Carter on her 2007 album, The Chain. In 2017, Colter and Jan Howard provided guest vocals to a track appearing on Written In Song, an album by Jeannie Seely. The song, called \"We're Still Hangin' In There Ain't We Jessi\", references how Seely and Colter are seemingly two of the only women in country music who managed to have a successful marriage. Colter's first album in eleven years, The Psalms was released on March 24 via Legacy Recordings. The album consisted of Colter's favourite Book of Psalms passages put to music and was produced by Lenny Kaye, who recalled an evening when he, Colter, Jennings and Patti Smith were having dinner together in 1995 when Colter began to sing passages of the Bible. Kaye stated that he was \"transfixed\" and kept the evening in his mind until he convinced Colter to record those renditions in 2007, with the album being recorded over the course of two sessions, along with a further two in 2008.", "In 1981, Colter and her husband returned to release a duet album entitled Leather and Lace. The album's first single, \"Storms Never Last,\" was written by Colter, and the second single, \"The Wild Side of Life\"/\"It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels,\" was also a major hit in 1981, peaking at No. 10 on the Billboard Country Chart. The album was certified Gold in sales by the RIAA that year, Colter's second RIAA-certified album to date. Stevie Nicks wrote the title track of the album; however, after receiving word that Colter and Jennings might divorce, Nicks released her own version of the song as a duet with Don Henley. It peaked at No. 6 on Pop chart, also in 1981. Also in 1981 Colter released her final studio album on Capitol records, Ridin' Shotgun, which also spawned Colter's last charting single on the country charts, \"Holdin' on.\" As the decade progressed, Colter's success began to decline. She released an album in 1984 on the Triad label titled Rock and Roll Lullaby, produced by Chips Moman. However, in the later years of the decade, she decided to let her recording career decline in order to help take care of and nurse her husband through his drug abuse and various medical problems. She remained active during this time. In the early 1990s, she focused her attention on performing and released an album of children's music titled Jessi Colter Sings Just for Kids: Songs from Around the World in early 1996. It featured a guest appearance by Jennings, who recited some of his poetry for the video. In 2000, Colter performed on Jennings's live album Never Say Die, released two years before his death in 2002, at age 64.", "Jessi Colter discography The discography of American country artist Jessi Colter consists of eleven studio albums, three compilation albums, twenty six singles, fourteen other appearances, and one other charted song. After marrying guitarist Duane Eddy in 1961, Colter recorded two singles and toured with Eddy until divorcing in 1968. The following year, she met country artist Waylon Jennings who helped her secure a recording contract with RCA Victor. Her debut studio album entitled \"A Country Star Is Born\" was released in 1970. The pair would collaborate on a cover of Elvis Presley's \"Suspicious Minds during this time. Colter signed with Capitol Records in 1975 and released her debut single off the label \"I'm Not Lisa\". The song became her commercial breakthrough, reaching the number one position on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and crossing over to the Billboard Hot 100 where it reached the top five. That same year, Colter's second studio album \"I'm Jessi Colter\" was issued, which also produce the Top five country hit, \"What's Happened to Blue Eyes. \" In 1976, Colter released two more studio albums: \"Jessi\" and \"Diamond in the Rough.\" The same year, Colter also participated in the album, \"Wanted! The Outlaws\" with Tompall Glaser, Jennings, and Willie Nelson. The compilation won the Country Music Association's \"Album of the Year\" award and certified 2\u00d7 Multi-Platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Following two additional studio albums in the later half of the 70s (\"Mirriam\" and \"That's the Way a Cowboy Rocks and Rolls\"), Colter's popularity declined. In 1981 she returned with Jennings to record the studio album \"Leather and Lace\".", "John Colter John Colter (c.1770\u20131775 \u2013 May 7, 1812 or November 22, 1813) was a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804\u20131806). Though party to one of the more famous expeditions in history, Colter is best remembered for explorations he made during the winter of 1807\u20131808, when he became the first known person of European descent to enter the region which later became Yellowstone National Park and to see the Teton Mountain Range. Colter spent months alone in the wilderness and is widely considered to be the first known mountain man. John Colter was born in Stuarts Draft, Augusta County, Colony of Virginia, 1774 based on assumptions by his family. The Colter family patriarch Micajah Coalter is believed to have migrated from Ireland in 1700. There is some debate as to which variation of the family name, Coalter, Coulter, or Colter, is correct and the issue was further convoluted by Captain William Clark utilizing all three spelling variations during his daily journals. It is unknown whether or not Colter was literate and knew how to write. Two signatures possessed by the Missouri State Historical Society assert that the proper spelling of the family name was \"Colter\" and that Colter was at least able to write his own name. Sometime around 1780, the Colter family moved west and settled near present-day Maysville, Kentucky. As a young man Colter may have served as a ranger under Simon Kenton. He was tall. John Colter, along with George Shannon, Patrick Gass and Dog Seaman all joined the expedition while Lewis was waiting for the completion of their vessels in Pittsburgh and nearby Elizabeth, Pennsylvania.", "Out of the Ashes (Jessi Colter album) Out of the Ashes is the 11th studio album by American country artist Jessi Colter, released 2006 on Shout! Factory Records. It was Colter's first album in 10 years, and her first country music album in 22 years since 1984's \"Rock and Roll Lullaby. \" It was also her first release since 1981 to chart on the Top Country Albums chart, where it reached #61. It was the first album by Colter to be released following the death of her husband and country artist, Waylon Jennings. The title of the album, \"Out of the Ashes,\" explains the message that she has remained an artist without the help of Jennings. \"Out of the Ashes\" consisted of twelve tracks that mixed the genres of country, blues, gospel, and rock. The album was produced by Don Was, who had previously worked with The Rolling Stones and Bob Dylan. The release includes guest appearances from son Shooter Jennings and Tony Joe White. It also includes an unreleased song Colter collaborated on with Jennings in the late 1980s called \"Out of the Rain.\" Before recording the album, Colter specifically went to Don Was with a few songs she had written and asked him what he thought. After telling Colter he was unsure about the songs, she returned to Was with more songs and shortly afterwards, they recorded the album. Six of the songs were written entirely by Colter, four were co-written by her, and two were cover versions of songs: the Gospel song, \" His Eye is on the Sparrow\" and Bob Dylan's \"Rainy Day Women No. 12 and 35.\" Allmusic critic, Thom Jurek gave \"Out of the Ashes\" a positive review, giving it four out of five stars."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What made Jessi Colter return to music?", "answer": {"text": "returned to recording with a new studio album released on the Shout! Factory label, Out of the Ashes. \"", "answer_start": 16, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she partner with on the album?", "answer": {"text": "produced by Don Was", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the song titles?", "answer": {"text": "Out of the Rain,", "answer_start": 286, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else has she been working on?", "answer": {"text": "Colter's first album in eleven years, The Psalms was released on March 24 via Legacy Recordings.", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album about?", "answer": {"text": "album consisted of Colter's favourite Book of Psalms passages put to music", "answer_start": 1094, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88643f3e0cd847458876fd02cd03edcf_0_q#0", "question": "What happened to Katrina Kaif's acting in 2012?", "rewrite": "What happened to Katrina Kaif's acting in 2012?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["But in the end, she was extremely confident, not bothering to cover up with a bathrobe in between shots or even in the walk from her vanity van to the set.\" The song was well received by film critics, who praised the choreography of Farah Khan and the moves of Katrina. Anupama Chopra of NDTV wrote, \"Farah continues to be the consummate choreographer \u2013 So, Sheila ki Jawani has a superb, infectious energy\". Nikhat Kazmi of the Times of India wrote \"Of course Sheila Ki Jawani is eye-popping chartbuster fare and adds another definition to the item number with Katrina's explosive rendition\". India Today wrote \"The stunning Katrina Kaif brings sexy back with her latest item song from Farah Khan's \"Tees Maar Khan\".\" CNX.org wrote, \"The sizzling hot number performed by the steaming Katrina Kaif is a mix of outstanding talent and crude sexual appeal. Undoubtedly, the choreographer Farah Khan has an uncanny talent to bring out the best of sari. She would remind you ' Who says that sari is not a sexy outfit?'\" bollykings.com wrote, \"This song can safely be called the sexiest, raunchiest, hottest eye popping dance number after, well, \"Beedi\" and \"Munni Badnaam\". Sheila Ki Jawaani successfully establishes Katrina Kaif as an established item girl in Bollywood for she has pulled the act off with grace and sexiness at the same time. Nothing cheap, just pure oomph! \"", "Boom (film) Boom is a 2003 Indian black comedy thriller Bollywood film released on 19 September 2003. It explores the involvement of the fashion world with underworld crime. Directed by Kaizad Gustad and produced by Jackie Shroff's wife, Ayesha Shroff, the film features Amitabh Bachchan, Jackie Shroff, Gulshan Grover, Padma Lakshmi, Madhu Sapre, Zeenat Aman and Katrina Kaif. \"Boom\" was Katrina Kaif's debut film. She was a last-minute replacement of model Meghna Reddy. Anu Gaekwad (Madhu Sapre), Sheila Bardez (Padma Lakshmi) and Rina Kaif (Katrina Kaif) are three of India's top models and they are participating in a fashion show hosted by a prestigious brand of diamond jewelers. While on the ramp of the fashion show, one of the other models (perhaps intentionally) trips Anu, and she goes crashing down, which is a model's worst nightmare. Anu's supportive friends, Sheila and Rina, come to the rescue. The trio immediately confront the model who had tripped Anu and the argument (held in front of the audience) degenerates into a catfight. As the women scuffle with each other, they are met with a big surprise. Hundreds of glittering stolen diamonds, which were due to be smuggled out of the country, fall from the model's hair and on to the ramp, only to be snatched up by paparazzi and celebrities alike. Anu, Sheila and Rina are in shock as the fashion show turns to mayhem. The stolen diamonds are priceless and have to be recovered by the gangsters, who hold the three glamorous models responsible for the heist-gone-wrong.", "Jason Shah Jason Shah (born 26 March 1986) is a British-Indian actor and fitness model. He was born to a British mother and an American father but later his mother married to an Indian man of Gujarati origin. He is currently living in Mumbai, India. He attended New York Film Academy and later graduated from the University of Memphis. In the 2007 film \"Partner\", he played the groom of Katrina Kaif in the song \"Dupatta Tera Nau Rang Da\". He also seen in a popular cloth branding commercial ad,\"Van Heusen\". He made his debut in Bollywood movie \"Fitoor\", which featured Aditya Roy Kapoor and Katrina Kaif in the lead roles. He participated in the Indian reality show \"Bigg Boss 10\" as a wild card entrant. He was in the news for his controversial revelation that his Bollywood career was cut short by Katrina Kaif. He busted out the secret of his failed career to his fellow contestants from Big Boss and told them that it was only because of Katrina that he went unnoticed in Aditya Roy Kapur starrer Fitoor. He revealed that Katrina wanted to re-shoot her opening scenes in the movie post weight loss and this is why his cameo, which was supposed to be of a longer duration, had to be cut short. He will act in \"Sabaash Naidu\" in which it stars alongside Kamal Haasan.", "List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif Katrina Kaif is an Indian film actress who predominantly works in the Bollywood film industry. She has also appeared in Telugu and Malayalam films. She has received 3 Stardust Awards, 4 Zee Cine Awards, 4 Screen Awards, 1 IIFA Award, 1 GQ AWARDS and 2 Star Guild Award. Kaif has also topped various listings of India's most attractive people, being named \"World's Sexiest Woman\" by \"FHM\" 5 times, \"Eastern Eye\"s \"Sexiest Asian Woman\" 4 times, \"The Times of India\"s \"Most Desirable Woman\" in 2010 and \"People\"s \"Most Beautiful Woman\" (India) in 2011. Kaif's feature film debut was in Kaizad Gustad's box office flop \"Boom\" (2003), after which Kaif was written off due to her poor Hindi and thick British accent. She then starred as the titular character in the successful Telugu film \"Malliswari\". After a small role in \"Sarkar\" (2005), Kaif found commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedy \"Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?\" (2005), in which Kaif received her first acting award\u2014the Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance \u2013 Female. In 2007, Kaif received critical praise for her performance in \"Namastey London\" (2007). This was followed by a string of box office hits in which Kaif was cast in glamorous roles. In 2009, Kaif appeared in \"New York\", earning her first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. The same year she appeared in \"Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani\". Both films earned her the Entertainer of the Year Award at Screen and the Best Actress - Popular Award at Stardust.", "Due to their frequent relocation, Kaif and her siblings were home-schooled by a series of tutors. Although she is thought to have grown up in London, she lived there for only three years before moving to India. According to Kaif, she then changed her surname to her father's because she thought it would be easier to pronounce. Kaif's paternal parentage has been questioned by some members of the film industry. In a 2011 interview with Mumbai Mirror, Boom producer Ayesha Shroff accused Kaif of fabricating her history: \"We created an identity for her. She was this pretty young English girl, and we gave her the Kashmiri father and thought of calling her Katrina Kazi. We thought we'd give her some kind of Indian ancestry, to connect with the audience ... But then we thought that Kazi sounded too ... religious? ... Mohammad Kaif was at the top, and so we said, Katrina Kaif sounds really great\". Kaif called Shroff's comments \"hurtful\". In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\", an item number in Agneepath that incorporated dance steps from the Lavani genre (a Maharashtrian folk dance). The song was filmed over a ten-day period and, according to the actress, \"It was hard work. It was very fast and it was not a style I was used to, but I took it as a challenge\". Kaif appeared next in Kabir Khan's espionage thriller Ek Tha Tiger as a Pakistani ISI agent who falls in love with an Indian RAW agent. Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express wrote about her performance: \"Katrina is an able, animated foil to Salman, her long legs making her leaps and kicks credible\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\",", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_88643f3e0cd847458876fd02cd03edcf_0_q#1", "question": "was it a hit?", "rewrite": "Was \"Chikni Chameli\" a hit?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jatra: Hyalagaad Re Tyalagaad  Jatra () is a 2006 Indian Marathi-language comedy film directed and written by Kedar Shinde. It is considered one of the more popular films starring actors Bharat Jadhav and Siddarth Jadhav. The music was composed by the duo Ajay and Atul Gogavale. \"Jatra\" features the song Kombadi Palali, which at the time became a hit. Ajay and Atul later used the same tune from the song \"Kombdi Palali\" when composing the item song \"Chikni Chameli\" for the Hindi film \"Agneepath\" in 2012. The story is primarily about two villages called Hyalagaad and Tyaalagaad. The name of the villages roughly translate to \"bury them\". The focus of the film is about the towns' attempt celebrate Jatra or religious fair. The hosting of the fair leads to a rivalry between the two villages. To determine whether Hyalagaad or Tyaalagaad hosts the fair, the towns' decide to hold a race between two individuals (Monya and Siddhu), who are willing to run, cheat and even kill for winning the rights to host the festival. A youth called Monya played by Bharat Jadhav, who wants to become rich along with his six friends by unsavory means, arrives in the village. At the same time, his look alike who has a limited vocabulary also arrives in the same village. What follows is a comedy of errors, one liners and slapstick. \"Kombadi Palali\" is an item number from the film.", "Chikni Chameli \"Chikni Chameli\" is a song from the 2012 Indian Hindi action drama film \"Agneepath\", directed by Karan Malhotra and produced by Karan Johar. The song was first revealed on 15 December 2011 and features Katrina Kaif as the lead, along with Hrithik Roshan and Sanjay Dutt. The song was sung by Shreya Ghoshal and the dance choreographed by Ganesh Acharya. It is a remake of the Marathi song \"Kombdi Palali\" from the film \"Jatra\" (2006), which was showed Bharat Jadhav & Kranti Redkar. The music is composed by the National award-winning Marathi composer duo Ajay and Atul Gogavale, known as Ajay-Atul, who had earlier worked on \"Natrang\", \"Viruddh\", \"Singham\" and \"My Friend Pinto\". The song was well received by critics and audiences alike.", "One\". The film associated itself with McDonald's to provide a discount of to customers buying a meal at the joint. Additionally, few winners were offered a chance to win a lunch date with Roshan. As part of the promotional campaign, Roshan, Dutt and Chopra visited Dubai on 19 January 2012, to interact with fans at a shopping mall, followed by an invitational high tea party. The actors travelled to several places in India including New Delhi, Nagpur and other cities to promote the film. The music of \"Agneepath\" was composed by Ajay-Atul, with lyrics written by Amitabh Bhattacharya. Sony Music acquired the rights to the album for and released its digital version on 16 December 2011, followed by mass release on 19 December 2011. Sanujeet Bhujabel, the marketing director of Sony Music, revealed that live instruments would be extensively used on the soundtrack. While explaining the process involved in composing the soundtrack, Ajay said that director Karan Malhotra narrated the story to them for over four hours, whilst humming the background score that he wanted. This was followed by innumerable discussions which made them \"understand each other well\". He also mentioned that the song \"Chikni Chameli\" was a remake of their own Marathi song \"Kombdi Palali\" from the film \"Jatra\" (2006). In January 2012, a plagiarism suit was filed against Sony Music and Dharma Productions by a Mumbai-based engineer, for lifting and featuring the song \"O Saiyyan\" in the album. The Nagpur High Court ordered Johar to release the film, only after truncating the use of the song in it. The song Chikni Chameli was extremely well received and topped the music charts. The music of \"Agneepath\" has received positive reviews from critics.", "Joginder Tuteja praised the compositions and added that \"Chikni Chameli\" would be responsible for the rise in sales of the album. Sukanya Verma of Rediff.com gave the album 3 out of 5 stars and said that the film's soundtrack was better than that of the original, while praising the composition of the songs \"Deva Shree Ganesha\" and \"O Saiyyan\". A review carried by BBC UK summed up, \"Blessedly free of unnecessary remixes, \"Agneepath\" is a well-crafted, evocative collection of songs that proves the adage that, when it comes to Indian music composers, sometimes two heads can be better than one. Shreya Ghoshal received many awards and nominations for the song Chikni Chameli which is featured in the soundtrack. Prior to its theatrical release, the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) certified the film with a UA certificate after demanding a few cuts, due to a high proportion of violence present in the film. Explaining the certificate, Pankaja Thakur, CEO of CBFC stated, \" \"Agneepath\" has a lot of bloodsheds but none of us felt disturbed by it. The violence is not the type that can psychologically damage a child and the softer scenes of the film managed to offset the darker part of it\". The film's posters subsequently featured disclaimers reading, \"This film is certified U/A. We advise parental guidance due to violence in the film. \" The board consequently praised Johar for the step. Initially scheduled to release on 13 January 2012, \"Agneepath\" was postponed by a week to 26 January to coincide with the Republic Day celebrations. The film eventually released at around 2650 screens worldwide.", "In 2010, Katrina Kaif featured in \"Sheila Ki Jawani\" from \"Tees Maar Khan\", and Malaika Arora featured in \"Munni Badnaam Hui\" from \"Dabangg\". Parallels were drawn between Katrina and Malaika, as well as between the item numbers, in what was popularly known as the \"Munni vs Sheila\" debate. The songs became so popular, that, soon, more films began incorporating item numbers, and with more top stars now wanting to do them. In 2012, Katrina Kaif again featured in an item number \"Chikni Chameli\" sung by Shreya Ghoshal which became a huge hit. In 2013, Deepika Padukone had some success item dancing, performing songs like \"Party On My Mind\" and \"Lovely\". Priyanka Chopra did many songs such as \"Babli Badmaash\", \"Pinky\", and an appearance in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela song \"Ram Chahe Leela\", of which became a blockbuster upon release. Mahi Gill, Sonakshi Sinha, and Jacqueline Fernandez made their debut with \"Don't Touch My Body\", \"Thank God It's Friday\" and \"Jadu Ki Jappi\" respectively. Indian-Canadian actress Sunny Leone performed her first item dance with \"\"Laila\"\" from the 2013 film \"Shootout at Wadala\", followed up with \"Baby Doll\" from Ragini MMS 2. Varun Dhawan made his debut with \" Palat - Tera Hero Idhar Hai\" from the movie Main Tera Hero. In 2017, Sunny Leone featured in the hit item number \"Laila Main Laila\" starring Shah Rukh Khan in the film \"Raees\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Katrina Kaif's acting in 2012?", "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88643f3e0cd847458876fd02cd03edcf_0_q#2", "question": "who else was in Chikni Chameli?", "rewrite": "Who else was in \"Chikni Chameli\" besides Katrina Kaif?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Times of India, praising Katrina in item songs, wrote, \"Katrina Kaif made men go weak on their knees with her navel exposure for the item songs, 'Sheila ki Jawani' and 'Chikni Chameli' which were major hits in her career.\" The song turned out to be one of the biggest hits of the year, along with \"Munni badnaam hui\" from \"Dabangg\". Malaika Arora Khan, who featured in \"Munni badnaam hui\" was frequently compared with Kaif, in what was popularly known as the \"Munni vs Sheila\" debate. In December 2010, a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was filed in the Lucknow bench of the Allahabad High Court, with the petitioner asking for a ban of the song, claiming it was \"indecent\" and \"immoral\". However, the movie was released with minimal cuts, and was given a U/A censor rating.", "In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\", an item number in Agneepath that incorporated dance steps from the Lavani genre (a Maharashtrian folk dance). The song was filmed over a ten-day period and, according to the actress, \"It was hard work. It was very fast and it was not a style I was used to, but I took it as a challenge\". Kaif appeared next in Kabir Khan's espionage thriller Ek Tha Tiger as a Pakistani ISI agent who falls in love with an Indian RAW agent. Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express wrote about her performance: \"Katrina is an able, animated foil to Salman, her long legs making her leaps and kicks credible\". The film received predominantly positive reviews, with Aniruddha Guha of Daily News and Analysis calling it \"smart and stylish\". With worldwide earnings of Rs3.1 billion (US$47 million), Ek Tha Tiger was the highest-grossing Bollywood film of the year. That year Kaif also appeared with Shah Rukh Khan and Anushka Sharma in Yash Chopra's swan song, the romance Jab Tak Hai Jaan. About working with Chopra, she remarked that he \"undoubtedly is the king of romance and I have always admired the way he presents his heroines. It was always a dream to work with him and the reality is even better\". She played Meera, a woman who promises God to end her affair with her comatose lover if he survives. Although the film received mostly positive reviews, Kaif's performance had a mixed reception. CNN-IBN wrote: \"Meera's role was a difficult one and Katrina falls short in emotional scenes. It seems Katrina still doesn't feel very easy in front of the camera and has difficulty with complex expressions\".", "Due to their frequent relocation, Kaif and her siblings were home-schooled by a series of tutors. Although she is thought to have grown up in London, she lived there for only three years before moving to India. According to Kaif, she then changed her surname to her father's because she thought it would be easier to pronounce. Kaif's paternal parentage has been questioned by some members of the film industry. In a 2011 interview with Mumbai Mirror, Boom producer Ayesha Shroff accused Kaif of fabricating her history: \"We created an identity for her. She was this pretty young English girl, and we gave her the Kashmiri father and thought of calling her Katrina Kazi. We thought we'd give her some kind of Indian ancestry, to connect with the audience ... But then we thought that Kazi sounded too ... religious? ... Mohammad Kaif was at the top, and so we said, Katrina Kaif sounds really great\". Kaif called Shroff's comments \"hurtful\". In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\", an item number in Agneepath that incorporated dance steps from the Lavani genre (a Maharashtrian folk dance). The song was filmed over a ten-day period and, according to the actress, \"It was hard work. It was very fast and it was not a style I was used to, but I took it as a challenge\". Kaif appeared next in Kabir Khan's espionage thriller Ek Tha Tiger as a Pakistani ISI agent who falls in love with an Indian RAW agent. Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express wrote about her performance: \"Katrina is an able, animated foil to Salman, her long legs making her leaps and kicks credible\".", "In 2010, Katrina Kaif featured in \"Sheila Ki Jawani\" from \"Tees Maar Khan\", and Malaika Arora featured in \"Munni Badnaam Hui\" from \"Dabangg\". Parallels were drawn between Katrina and Malaika, as well as between the item numbers, in what was popularly known as the \"Munni vs Sheila\" debate. The songs became so popular, that, soon, more films began incorporating item numbers, and with more top stars now wanting to do them. In 2012, Katrina Kaif again featured in an item number \"Chikni Chameli\" sung by Shreya Ghoshal which became a huge hit. In 2013, Deepika Padukone had some success item dancing, performing songs like \"Party On My Mind\" and \"Lovely\". Priyanka Chopra did many songs such as \"Babli Badmaash\", \"Pinky\", and an appearance in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela song \"Ram Chahe Leela\", of which became a blockbuster upon release. Mahi Gill, Sonakshi Sinha, and Jacqueline Fernandez made their debut with \"Don't Touch My Body\", \"Thank God It's Friday\" and \"Jadu Ki Jappi\" respectively. Indian-Canadian actress Sunny Leone performed her first item dance with \"\"Laila\"\" from the 2013 film \"Shootout at Wadala\", followed up with \"Baby Doll\" from Ragini MMS 2. Varun Dhawan made his debut with \" Palat - Tera Hero Idhar Hai\" from the movie Main Tera Hero. In 2017, Sunny Leone featured in the hit item number \"Laila Main Laila\" starring Shah Rukh Khan in the film \"Raees\".", "Chikni Chameli \"Chikni Chameli\" is a song from the 2012 Indian Hindi action drama film \"Agneepath\", directed by Karan Malhotra and produced by Karan Johar. The song was first revealed on 15 December 2011 and features Katrina Kaif as the lead, along with Hrithik Roshan and Sanjay Dutt. The song was sung by Shreya Ghoshal and the dance choreographed by Ganesh Acharya. It is a remake of the Marathi song \"Kombdi Palali\" from the film \"Jatra\" (2006), which was showed Bharat Jadhav & Kranti Redkar. The music is composed by the National award-winning Marathi composer duo Ajay and Atul Gogavale, known as Ajay-Atul, who had earlier worked on \"Natrang\", \"Viruddh\", \"Singham\" and \"My Friend Pinto\". The song was well received by critics and audiences alike."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Katrina Kaif's acting in 2012?", "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88643f3e0cd847458876fd02cd03edcf_0_q#3", "question": "what happened in 2014 with her?", "rewrite": "What happened in 2014 with Katrina Kaif?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of awards and nominations received by Katrina Kaif Katrina Kaif is an Indian film actress who predominantly works in the Bollywood film industry. She has also appeared in Telugu and Malayalam films. She has received 3 Stardust Awards, 4 Zee Cine Awards, 4 Screen Awards, 1 IIFA Award, 1 GQ AWARDS and 2 Star Guild Award. Kaif has also topped various listings of India's most attractive people, being named \"World's Sexiest Woman\" by \"FHM\" 5 times, \"Eastern Eye\"s \"Sexiest Asian Woman\" 4 times, \"The Times of India\"s \"Most Desirable Woman\" in 2010 and \"People\"s \"Most Beautiful Woman\" (India) in 2011. Kaif's feature film debut was in Kaizad Gustad's box office flop \"Boom\" (2003), after which Kaif was written off due to her poor Hindi and thick British accent. She then starred as the titular character in the successful Telugu film \"Malliswari\". After a small role in \"Sarkar\" (2005), Kaif found commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedy \"Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya?\" (2005), in which Kaif received her first acting award\u2014the Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance \u2013 Female. In 2007, Kaif received critical praise for her performance in \"Namastey London\" (2007). This was followed by a string of box office hits in which Kaif was cast in glamorous roles. In 2009, Kaif appeared in \"New York\", earning her first nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. The same year she appeared in \"Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani\". Both films earned her the Entertainer of the Year Award at Screen and the Best Actress - Popular Award at Stardust.", "Jason Shah Jason Shah (born 26 March 1986) is a British-Indian actor and fitness model. He was born to a British mother and an American father but later his mother married to an Indian man of Gujarati origin. He is currently living in Mumbai, India. He attended New York Film Academy and later graduated from the University of Memphis. In the 2007 film \"Partner\", he played the groom of Katrina Kaif in the song \"Dupatta Tera Nau Rang Da\". He also seen in a popular cloth branding commercial ad,\"Van Heusen\". He made his debut in Bollywood movie \"Fitoor\", which featured Aditya Roy Kapoor and Katrina Kaif in the lead roles. He participated in the Indian reality show \"Bigg Boss 10\" as a wild card entrant. He was in the news for his controversial revelation that his Bollywood career was cut short by Katrina Kaif. He busted out the secret of his failed career to his fellow contestants from Big Boss and told them that it was only because of Katrina that he went unnoticed in Aditya Roy Kapur starrer Fitoor. He revealed that Katrina wanted to re-shoot her opening scenes in the movie post weight loss and this is why his cameo, which was supposed to be of a longer duration, had to be cut short. He will act in \"Sabaash Naidu\" in which it stars alongside Kamal Haasan.", "But in the end, she was extremely confident, not bothering to cover up with a bathrobe in between shots or even in the walk from her vanity van to the set.\" The song was well received by film critics, who praised the choreography of Farah Khan and the moves of Katrina. Anupama Chopra of NDTV wrote, \"Farah continues to be the consummate choreographer \u2013 So, Sheila ki Jawani has a superb, infectious energy\". Nikhat Kazmi of the Times of India wrote \"Of course Sheila Ki Jawani is eye-popping chartbuster fare and adds another definition to the item number with Katrina's explosive rendition\". India Today wrote \"The stunning Katrina Kaif brings sexy back with her latest item song from Farah Khan's \"Tees Maar Khan\".\" CNX.org wrote, \"The sizzling hot number performed by the steaming Katrina Kaif is a mix of outstanding talent and crude sexual appeal. Undoubtedly, the choreographer Farah Khan has an uncanny talent to bring out the best of sari. She would remind you ' Who says that sari is not a sexy outfit?'\" bollykings.com wrote, \"This song can safely be called the sexiest, raunchiest, hottest eye popping dance number after, well, \"Beedi\" and \"Munni Badnaam\". Sheila Ki Jawaani successfully establishes Katrina Kaif as an established item girl in Bollywood for she has pulled the act off with grace and sexiness at the same time. Nothing cheap, just pure oomph! \"", "The songs of the film are being composed by Vishal-Shekhar; whilst the background score has been composed by Salim-Sulaiman. The digital album rights of the film were acquired by Zee Music Company. The first look of the song \"Tu Meri\" was revealed on 20 August 2014 featuring Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif. On 21 August 2014 video of the same song was released. The song was written and sung by Vishal Dadlani. Second song of the film \"Meherbaan\" featuring Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif was released on 3 September 2014. This song was written by Anvita Dutt Guptan and sung by Ash King, Shilpa Rao and Shekhar Ravjiani. The teaser of the title song was released on 16 September 2014 featuring Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif. On 17 September 2014 full video of the same song was released. The title track was written by Vishal Dadlani and sung by Benny Dayal and Neeti Mohan. It was choreographed by Bosco-Caesar. The song experience was \"fun\" for Hrithik, who said, \"It's my ode to the inspiration he (Michael Jackson) has been.\" While Katrina described her experience as \"Dancing with Hrithik was the biggest challenge. His flexibility is incredible. It is at a different level altogether. You have to be really good to match up to his energy. He has natural energy when he dances. It comes to him so effortlessly\". All the songs were well received by audience with the positive response. The film released worldwide on 2 October 2014 with early screenings in Dubai on 1 October. Domestically, \"Bang Bang!\" received mixed reviews from critics. The film was praised for its action sequences and performances while it was criticised by some for its story and screenplay.", "Boom (film) Boom is a 2003 Indian black comedy thriller Bollywood film released on 19 September 2003. It explores the involvement of the fashion world with underworld crime. Directed by Kaizad Gustad and produced by Jackie Shroff's wife, Ayesha Shroff, the film features Amitabh Bachchan, Jackie Shroff, Gulshan Grover, Padma Lakshmi, Madhu Sapre, Zeenat Aman and Katrina Kaif. \"Boom\" was Katrina Kaif's debut film. She was a last-minute replacement of model Meghna Reddy. Anu Gaekwad (Madhu Sapre), Sheila Bardez (Padma Lakshmi) and Rina Kaif (Katrina Kaif) are three of India's top models and they are participating in a fashion show hosted by a prestigious brand of diamond jewelers. While on the ramp of the fashion show, one of the other models (perhaps intentionally) trips Anu, and she goes crashing down, which is a model's worst nightmare. Anu's supportive friends, Sheila and Rina, come to the rescue. The trio immediately confront the model who had tripped Anu and the argument (held in front of the audience) degenerates into a catfight. As the women scuffle with each other, they are met with a big surprise. Hundreds of glittering stolen diamonds, which were due to be smuggled out of the country, fall from the model's hair and on to the ramp, only to be snatched up by paparazzi and celebrities alike. Anu, Sheila and Rina are in shock as the fashion show turns to mayhem. The stolen diamonds are priceless and have to be recovered by the gangsters, who hold the three glamorous models responsible for the heist-gone-wrong."], "answer": {"text": "Kaif's next appearance was in Siddharth Anand's Bang Bang! (2014),", "answer_start": 609}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Katrina Kaif's acting in 2012?", "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else was in Chikni Chameli?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88643f3e0cd847458876fd02cd03edcf_0_q#4", "question": "did she win any awards for it?", "rewrite": "Did Katrina Kaif win any awards for appearing in Siddharth Anand's Bang Bang!?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The nurse turns around and removes her mask revealing that she is actually Harleen and the medicine was a sedative meant to knock Jaiwant out. A surprised Jaiwant tries to say her name but Harleen asks him to keep quiet. Jaiwant faints and Harleen escapes from the hospital along with him. He continues to slip in and out of consciousness until the next morning. He wakes up and Harleen tells him that his one-day has arrived. Jaiwant realises that she has brought him to his house. He silently thanks her, and they both reunite with Pankaj and Shikha. Earlier reports had suggested that Siddharth Anand, who made Ta Ra Rum Pum, and Anjaana Anjaani in the past, planned to make his next film with Shahid Kapoor, but Shahid wanted to avoid comparisons with Hollywood star Tom Cruise and also had no dates for the film as he had opted Haider already. Soon news came that Anand was planning a film with Hrithik Roshan. In September 2012, Hrithik was confirmed to play the lead role, with Katrina Kaif confirmed to play the female lead in the movie. Hrithik started working on the film immediately after wrapping up Krrish 3, and charged a fee for his performance in the film, which until then was the most any actor in Bollywood had charged up front. The movie was soon revealed to be the official Bollywood remake of \"Knight and Day\", starring Tom Cruise and Cameron Diaz. In December 2012, it was confirmed that the official remake of \"Knight and Day\" would be titled \"Bang Bang\". In March 2013, the movie's Kashmir schedule was cancelled. Shooting for the film began on 1 May 2013, with the film scheduled for release on 1 May 2014. Unique water action sequences were shot in Thailand and Greece.", "The songs of the film are being composed by Vishal-Shekhar; whilst the background score has been composed by Salim-Sulaiman. The digital album rights of the film were acquired by Zee Music Company. The first look of the song \"Tu Meri\" was revealed on 20 August 2014 featuring Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif. On 21 August 2014 video of the same song was released. The song was written and sung by Vishal Dadlani. Second song of the film \"Meherbaan\" featuring Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif was released on 3 September 2014. This song was written by Anvita Dutt Guptan and sung by Ash King, Shilpa Rao and Shekhar Ravjiani. The teaser of the title song was released on 16 September 2014 featuring Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif. On 17 September 2014 full video of the same song was released. The title track was written by Vishal Dadlani and sung by Benny Dayal and Neeti Mohan. It was choreographed by Bosco-Caesar. The song experience was \"fun\" for Hrithik, who said, \"It's my ode to the inspiration he (Michael Jackson) has been.\" While Katrina described her experience as \"Dancing with Hrithik was the biggest challenge. His flexibility is incredible. It is at a different level altogether. You have to be really good to match up to his energy. He has natural energy when he dances. It comes to him so effortlessly\". All the songs were well received by audience with the positive response. The film released worldwide on 2 October 2014 with early screenings in Dubai on 1 October. Domestically, \"Bang Bang!\" received mixed reviews from critics. The film was praised for its action sequences and performances while it was criticised by some for its story and screenplay.", "Bang Bang! Bang Bang! is a 2014 Indian action thriller film directed by Siddharth Anand and produced by the banner Fox Star Studios. The film is an adaptation of the 2010 Hollywood film \"Knight and Day\", and stars Hrithik Roshan as the male lead opposite Katrina Kaif, with Danny Denzongpa playing the main antagonist and Jimmy Sheirgill appearing in a cameo. It was edited by Akiv Ali. Made on a budget of around 1.23 billion and marketed at 250 million, \"Bang Bang! \" ranks among the most expensive Hindi films and released worldwide on 2 October 2014 during Gandhi Jayanti. Despite receiving mixed reviews, it was a major box-office success with a worldwide gross of 3.39 billion, making it one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. It grossed over 1 billion in overseas markets and went on to become one of the highest-grossing Indian films overseas. \" Bang Bang! \" was Roshan's highest-grossing release at that point till the release of the 2019 film \"War\" which was also directed by Anand and released on Gandhi Jayanti 2019. Somewhere in London, Colonel Viren Nanda (Jimmy Sheirgill) goes to meet a wanted terrorist Omar Zafar (Danny Denzongpa) in his holding cell. As Viren informs Zafar that he will be extradited back to India for his crimes, Zafar's men enter his holding cell, led by Hamid Gul (Jaaved Jaffrey), killing all guards around them, with Zafar then killing Viren by shooting him and then burning him.", "Also, the Kashmir schedule of the film was delayed because of unrest in the valley. The delays caused the film's release date to be postponed to 2 October 2014. There were reports that the film had overshot its budget to from a planned budget of around 80\u201390 crore. But film's director Siddharth Anand denied such reports, \"It's funny! Yes, \"Bang Bang! \" is a big-ticket film but its budget is as per the scale of the film. There's no question of exceeding it. \" The shooting resumed in January 2014, in Shimla, Manali, Mumbai, Abu Dhabi, Delhi and Prague. The shooting schedule in Shimla went on for straight six weeks. The Manali bridge where the majority of scenes were shot, has become a grand tourist attraction and it was renamed as \"Bang Bang Point\". Just before Abu Dhabi segment of film, a song shoot was completed at an open-cafeteria in Film City, Mumbai on 19 April 2014. Shimla was created in Film City, Mumbai to can a song and few action sequence for the film. The film was shot for 20 days in Film City with the lead pair of Hrithik Roshan and Katrina Kaif. After wrapping up the Mumbai schedule, filming team left for Abu Dhabi. The Abu Dhabi schedule of shooting was intense and action-packed. In Abu Dhabi, filming started early May, and took place at various locations in Abu Dhabi including the Corniche, Liwa oasis, Hyatt Capital Gate Hotel, Qasr al Sarab, Emirates Palace and Yas Island. In one of the chase sequences in the film, 120 cars were involved. The film also had used Formula 1 cars. Even after the brain surgery, all the stunts were performed by Hrithik himself. The stunts were designed by Andy Armstrong and shot in Abu Dhabi.", "Kaif's next appearance was in Siddharth Anand's Bang Bang! (2014), a remake of the 2010 action comedy Knight and Day. She played a bank receptionist who unwittingly gets caught up with a secret agent (Hrithik Roshan). Raja Sen of Rediff.com was disappointed with her performance, describing it as \"insufferable\". Although the film was commercially successful, financial analysts observed that it failed to meet box-office expectations. Ek Tha Tiger, Dhoom 3 and Bang Bang! still rank in the list of highest-grossing Indian films, while Jab Tak Hai Jaan still rank in the list of highest-grossing Indian films in overseas markets Kaif's sole appearance of 2015 was with Saif Ali Khan in Kabir Khan's post 26/11 counter-terrorism drama Phantom. In 2016, Kaif appeared in two films. In Abhishek Kapoor's Fitoor, an adaptation of Charles Dickens' Great Expectations, Kaif played a role based on Estella Havisham along with Aditya Roy Kapur and Tabu. Later that year she featured in Nitya Mehra's love story Baar Baar Dekho with Sidharth Malhotra. Both films were critical and commercial failures. In a review for the former, Namrata Joshi wrote: \"Katrina is good so long as she has to just be herself. So she dances, smiles and flirts well, but the minute a dramatic scene comes up, her utter inadequacy as a performer shows.\" Next year, Kaif appeared alongside Ranbir Kapoor in Anurag Basu's comedy-adventure film Jagga Jasoos, which was released in 2017 after multiple delays. The film opened to mixed critical response and was a commercial disappointment."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Katrina Kaif's acting in 2012?", "answer": {"text": "In 2012, Kaif appeared in \"Chikni Chameli\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else was in Chikni Chameli?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened in 2014 with her?", "answer": {"text": "Kaif's next appearance was in Siddharth Anand's Bang Bang! (2014),", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b217a5112ae54fa5ac8d4b8c13d1bf2b_1_q#0", "question": "How old was Alexander Graham Bell when he made his first invention?", "rewrite": "How old was Alexander Graham Bell when he made his first invention?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site is a property in Baddeck, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, overlooking the Bras d'Or Lakes. The site is a unit of Parks Canada, the national park system, and includes the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, which contains the largest repository of artifacts and documents from Bell's years of experimental work in Baddeck. This site was designated a National Historic Site in 1952. The site features artifacts donated in 1955 from the Bell family's personal museum, located in the Kite House at Beinn Bhreagh. The site also features memorabilia associated with Bell's experiments, including: the original hull of a hydrofoil boat, the HD-4, that set a world marine speed record in Baddeck by reaching speeds of over 112 km/h (over 70 mph) in 1919; a full-scale replica of that boat; the AEA Silver Dart which in 1909 J.A.D. MacCurdy piloted up into the air over the ice of Baddeck Bay to become the first controlled heavier-than-air craft to be flown in the British Empire -- plus many other exhibits and documents from Bell's years of research activities on the transmission of speech and sound by wire and by light, as well as his experiments with kites, planes and high speed boats. The museum also features displays relating to Bell's work with in the field of deaf education and how it led to the invention of the telephone. The Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site was designed by the renowned British Architect O. Howard Leicester, R.I.B.A. In addition to its displays, the museum features an observation deck on the roof of the building offering a view of Bell's Beinn Bhreagh estate, across the bay.", "Bell's son Alexander Graham Bell learned the symbols, assisted his father in giving public demonstrations of the system and mastered it to the point that he later improved upon his father's work. Eventually, Alexander Graham Bell became a powerful advocate of visible speech and oralism in the United States. The money he earned from his patent of the telephone and the sale of his Volta Laboratory patents helped him to pursue this mission. In 1867, Alexander Melville Bell published the book \"Visible Speech: The Science of Universal Alphabetics\". This book contains information about the system of symbols he created that, when used to write words, indicated pronunciation so accurately, that it could even reflect regional accents. A person reading a piece of text handwritten in Melville Bell's system of characters could accurately reproduce a sentence the way it would be spoken by someone with a foreign or regional accent. In his demonstrations, Melville Bell employed his son, Alexander Graham Bell to read from the visible speech transcript of the volunteer's spoken words and would astound the audience by saying it back exactly as the volunteer had spoken it. A few samples of the writing system invented by Melville Bell may be seen in the images on this page. These images depict Melville Bell's intention of creating a script in which the characters actually look like the position of the mouth when speaking them out loud. The system is useful not only because its visual representation mimicks the physical act of speaking, but because it does so, these symbols may be used to write words in any language, hence the name \"Universal Alphabetics\". Melville Bell's system was effective at helping deaf people improve their pronunciation, but his son Graham Bell decided to improve upon his father's invention by creating a system of writing that was even more accurate and employed the most advanced technology of the time.", "Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, also known as AG Bell, is a resource, support network and advocate for listening, learning, talking and living independently with hearing loss. Through publications, advocacy, training, scholarships and financial aid, AG Bell promotes the use of spoken language as well as hearing technology for children with hearing loss. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with chapters located throughout the United States and a network of international affiliates. The Association also sponsors the AG Bell College Scholarship Awards Program for a number of deaf and hard of hearing full-time students pursuing undergraduate or graduate degrees. In 2010, 18 awards were granted ranging from $1,000 to $10,000. The Association was originally created as the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD). In 1908 it merged with Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Bureau (founded in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\"), and was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 at the suggestion of Mrs. Frances Toms, the mother of a deaf son who was able to achieve high academic standings in normal non-deaf schools with the organization's help. In 1999 the Association was finally renamed to the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Working globally to ensure that people who are deaf and hard of hearing can hear and talk. We wanted all families to be informed and supported, professionals to be appropriately qualified to teach and help children with hearing loss, public policy leaders to effectively address the needs of people with hearing loss, and communities to be empowered to help their neighbors with hearing loss succeed.", "Volta Laboratory and Bureau The Volta Laboratory (also known as the \"Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory\", the \"Bell Carriage House\" and the \"Bell Laboratory\") and the Volta Bureau were created in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. by Alexander Graham Bell. The Volta Laboratory was founded in 1880\u20131881 with Charles Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin, Chichester Bell, for the research and development of telecommunication, phonograph and other technologies. Using funds generated by the Volta Laboratory, Bell later founded the Volta Bureau in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\", and merged with the American Association for the Promotion and Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD) in 1908. It was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 and then the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in 1999. The current building, a U.S. National Historic Landmark, was constructed in 1893 under the direction of Alexander Graham Bell to serve as a center of information for deaf and hard of hearing persons. Bell, best known for receiving the first telephone patent in 1876, was also a prominent figure of his generation in the education of the deaf. His grandfather, father and elder brother were teachers of speech and the younger Bell worked with them. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Bell moved to Canada with his family in 1870 following the deaths of his brothers, and a year later moved to Boston to teach at a special day school for deaf children. Both Bell's mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing his life's work. He became a renowned educator by opening a private normal class to train teachers of speech to the deaf and as a professor of vocal physiology and the mechanics of speech at Boston University. During this time he also invented an improved phonautograph, the multiple telegraph, the speaking telegraph, or telephone, and numerous other devices.", "Mabel H. Grosvenor Dr. Mabel Harlakenden Grosvenor (July 28, 1905 in Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia \u2013 October 30, 2006 in Baddeck, Nova Scotia) was a Canadian-born American pediatrician, and a granddaughter and secretary to the scientist and telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell. She lived in both Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia and Washington, D.C.  Grosvenor oversaw the stewardship of Bell's legacy Canadian estate at Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, until her death, and was also the Honorary President of the Alexander Graham Bell Club (founded in 1891), Canada's oldest continuing women's club. The club grew out of a social organization started at Beinn Bhreagh, by Mabel Bell, Alexander's wife. When Grosvenor died in 2006 at age 101, she was the last surviving individual to have personally known and worked with Alexander Graham Bell. Grosvenor was the third of seven children born to Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875\u20131966), the father of photojournalism, and the first full-time editor of National Geographic Magazine, and to Elsie May Bell (1878\u20131964), the first child born to Alexander Graham Bell and Mabel Gardiner Hubbard. Grosvenor was named after her maternal grandmother, Mabel, who was struck with deafness at age five and became, apocryphally, the reason for the invention of the telephone by Mabel's fianc\u00e9e. She lived and grew up in both the Beinn Bhreagh estate where she was born, as well as her parents' home near Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. In 1912 her parents moved to a large farm in North Bethesda, Maryland, at what later became the Grosvenor Metro station."], "answer": {"text": "the age of 12,", "answer_start": 392}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b217a5112ae54fa5ac8d4b8c13d1bf2b_1_q#1", "question": "What did he invent?", "rewrite": "What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, also known as AG Bell, is a resource, support network and advocate for listening, learning, talking and living independently with hearing loss. Through publications, advocacy, training, scholarships and financial aid, AG Bell promotes the use of spoken language as well as hearing technology for children with hearing loss. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with chapters located throughout the United States and a network of international affiliates. The Association also sponsors the AG Bell College Scholarship Awards Program for a number of deaf and hard of hearing full-time students pursuing undergraduate or graduate degrees. In 2010, 18 awards were granted ranging from $1,000 to $10,000. The Association was originally created as the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD). In 1908 it merged with Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Bureau (founded in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\"), and was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 at the suggestion of Mrs. Frances Toms, the mother of a deaf son who was able to achieve high academic standings in normal non-deaf schools with the organization's help. In 1999 the Association was finally renamed to the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Working globally to ensure that people who are deaf and hard of hearing can hear and talk. We wanted all families to be informed and supported, professionals to be appropriately qualified to teach and help children with hearing loss, public policy leaders to effectively address the needs of people with hearing loss, and communities to be empowered to help their neighbors with hearing loss succeed.", "Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honors bestowed upon him and awards named for him. Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously. Alexander Graham bell was born in March 16, 1847. Among those tributes:           A number of schools, institutes, organizations, academic scholarships, awards, and places have been named in honour of Bell. A number of historic sites and other marks also commemorate both him and the first telephone company buildings. Among them are:  Of international stature (partial list): In Canada (partial list): In France: In India:  In Germany:  In Mexico:  In New Zealand:  In Russia:  In South Africa:,  In Switzerland:  In Spain:  In The Netherlands:  In the United Kingdom (partial list):   In the United States (partial list): The 'Bell' trademark has been used and is \"still\" in use with a variety of telephone companies in North America and around the world, including (partial list):", "Mabel H. Grosvenor Dr. Mabel Harlakenden Grosvenor (July 28, 1905 in Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia \u2013 October 30, 2006 in Baddeck, Nova Scotia) was a Canadian-born American pediatrician, and a granddaughter and secretary to the scientist and telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell. She lived in both Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia and Washington, D.C.  Grosvenor oversaw the stewardship of Bell's legacy Canadian estate at Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, until her death, and was also the Honorary President of the Alexander Graham Bell Club (founded in 1891), Canada's oldest continuing women's club. The club grew out of a social organization started at Beinn Bhreagh, by Mabel Bell, Alexander's wife. When Grosvenor died in 2006 at age 101, she was the last surviving individual to have personally known and worked with Alexander Graham Bell. Grosvenor was the third of seven children born to Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875\u20131966), the father of photojournalism, and the first full-time editor of National Geographic Magazine, and to Elsie May Bell (1878\u20131964), the first child born to Alexander Graham Bell and Mabel Gardiner Hubbard. Grosvenor was named after her maternal grandmother, Mabel, who was struck with deafness at age five and became, apocryphally, the reason for the invention of the telephone by Mabel's fianc\u00e9e. She lived and grew up in both the Beinn Bhreagh estate where she was born, as well as her parents' home near Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. In 1912 her parents moved to a large farm in North Bethesda, Maryland, at what later became the Grosvenor Metro station.", "Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site is a property in Baddeck, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, overlooking the Bras d'Or Lakes. The site is a unit of Parks Canada, the national park system, and includes the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, which contains the largest repository of artifacts and documents from Bell's years of experimental work in Baddeck. This site was designated a National Historic Site in 1952. The site features artifacts donated in 1955 from the Bell family's personal museum, located in the Kite House at Beinn Bhreagh. The site also features memorabilia associated with Bell's experiments, including: the original hull of a hydrofoil boat, the HD-4, that set a world marine speed record in Baddeck by reaching speeds of over 112 km/h (over 70 mph) in 1919; a full-scale replica of that boat; the AEA Silver Dart which in 1909 J.A.D. MacCurdy piloted up into the air over the ice of Baddeck Bay to become the first controlled heavier-than-air craft to be flown in the British Empire -- plus many other exhibits and documents from Bell's years of research activities on the transmission of speech and sound by wire and by light, as well as his experiments with kites, planes and high speed boats. The museum also features displays relating to Bell's work with in the field of deaf education and how it led to the invention of the telephone. The Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site was designed by the renowned British Architect O. Howard Leicester, R.I.B.A. In addition to its displays, the museum features an observation deck on the roof of the building offering a view of Bell's Beinn Bhreagh estate, across the bay.", "Volta Laboratory and Bureau The Volta Laboratory (also known as the \"Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory\", the \"Bell Carriage House\" and the \"Bell Laboratory\") and the Volta Bureau were created in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. by Alexander Graham Bell. The Volta Laboratory was founded in 1880\u20131881 with Charles Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin, Chichester Bell, for the research and development of telecommunication, phonograph and other technologies. Using funds generated by the Volta Laboratory, Bell later founded the Volta Bureau in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\", and merged with the American Association for the Promotion and Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD) in 1908. It was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 and then the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in 1999. The current building, a U.S. National Historic Landmark, was constructed in 1893 under the direction of Alexander Graham Bell to serve as a center of information for deaf and hard of hearing persons. Bell, best known for receiving the first telephone patent in 1876, was also a prominent figure of his generation in the education of the deaf. His grandfather, father and elder brother were teachers of speech and the younger Bell worked with them. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Bell moved to Canada with his family in 1870 following the deaths of his brothers, and a year later moved to Boston to teach at a special day school for deaf children. Both Bell's mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing his life's work. He became a renowned educator by opening a private normal class to train teachers of speech to the deaf and as a professor of vocal physiology and the mechanics of speech at Boston University. During this time he also invented an improved phonautograph, the multiple telegraph, the speaking telegraph, or telephone, and numerous other devices."], "answer": {"text": "Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes,", "answer_start": 407}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Alexander Graham Bell when he made his first invention?", "answer": {"text": "the age of 12,", "answer_start": 392, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b217a5112ae54fa5ac8d4b8c13d1bf2b_1_q#2", "question": "What was it for?", "rewrite": "What was Alexander Graham Bell's homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As a child, young Bell displayed a natural curiosity about his world, resulting in gathering botanical specimens as well as experimenting even at an early age. His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbour whose family operated a flour mill, the scene of many forays. Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill. He was told wheat had to be dehusked through a laborious process and at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation and used steadily for a number of years. In return, Ben's father John Herdman gave both boys the run of a small workshop in which to \"invent\". From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother. With no formal training, he mastered the piano and became the family's pianist. Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he revelled in mimicry and \"voice tricks\" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits. Bell was also deeply affected by his mother's gradual deafness (she began to lose her hearing when he was 12), and learned a manual finger language so he could sit at her side and tap out silently the conversations swirling around the family parlour. He also developed a technique of speaking in clear, modulated tones directly into his mother's forehead wherein she would hear him with reasonable clarity. Bell's preoccupation with his mother's deafness led him to study acoustics. His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists.", "Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site is a property in Baddeck, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, overlooking the Bras d'Or Lakes. The site is a unit of Parks Canada, the national park system, and includes the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, which contains the largest repository of artifacts and documents from Bell's years of experimental work in Baddeck. This site was designated a National Historic Site in 1952. The site features artifacts donated in 1955 from the Bell family's personal museum, located in the Kite House at Beinn Bhreagh. The site also features memorabilia associated with Bell's experiments, including: the original hull of a hydrofoil boat, the HD-4, that set a world marine speed record in Baddeck by reaching speeds of over 112 km/h (over 70 mph) in 1919; a full-scale replica of that boat; the AEA Silver Dart which in 1909 J.A.D. MacCurdy piloted up into the air over the ice of Baddeck Bay to become the first controlled heavier-than-air craft to be flown in the British Empire -- plus many other exhibits and documents from Bell's years of research activities on the transmission of speech and sound by wire and by light, as well as his experiments with kites, planes and high speed boats. The museum also features displays relating to Bell's work with in the field of deaf education and how it led to the invention of the telephone. The Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site was designed by the renowned British Architect O. Howard Leicester, R.I.B.A. In addition to its displays, the museum features an observation deck on the roof of the building offering a view of Bell's Beinn Bhreagh estate, across the bay.", "Volta Laboratory and Bureau The Volta Laboratory (also known as the \"Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory\", the \"Bell Carriage House\" and the \"Bell Laboratory\") and the Volta Bureau were created in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. by Alexander Graham Bell. The Volta Laboratory was founded in 1880\u20131881 with Charles Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin, Chichester Bell, for the research and development of telecommunication, phonograph and other technologies. Using funds generated by the Volta Laboratory, Bell later founded the Volta Bureau in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\", and merged with the American Association for the Promotion and Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD) in 1908. It was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 and then the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in 1999. The current building, a U.S. National Historic Landmark, was constructed in 1893 under the direction of Alexander Graham Bell to serve as a center of information for deaf and hard of hearing persons. Bell, best known for receiving the first telephone patent in 1876, was also a prominent figure of his generation in the education of the deaf. His grandfather, father and elder brother were teachers of speech and the younger Bell worked with them. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Bell moved to Canada with his family in 1870 following the deaths of his brothers, and a year later moved to Boston to teach at a special day school for deaf children. Both Bell's mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing his life's work. He became a renowned educator by opening a private normal class to train teachers of speech to the deaf and as a professor of vocal physiology and the mechanics of speech at Boston University. During this time he also invented an improved phonautograph, the multiple telegraph, the speaking telegraph, or telephone, and numerous other devices.", "As a child, young Bell displayed a natural curiosity about his world, resulting in gathering botanical specimens as well as experimenting even at an early age. His best friend was Ben Herdman, a neighbour whose family operated a flour mill, the scene of many forays. Young Bell asked what needed to be done at the mill. He was told wheat had to be dehusked through a laborious process and at the age of 12, Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes, creating a simple dehusking machine that was put into operation and used steadily for a number of years. In return, Ben's father John Herdman gave both boys the run of a small workshop in which to \"invent\". From his early years, Bell showed a sensitive nature and a talent for art, poetry, and music that was encouraged by his mother. With no formal training, he mastered the piano and became the family's pianist. Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he revelled in mimicry and \"voice tricks\" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits. Bell was also deeply affected by his mother's gradual deafness (she began to lose her hearing when he was 12), and learned a manual finger language so he could sit at her side and tap out silently the conversations swirling around the family parlour. He also developed a technique of speaking in clear, modulated tones directly into his mother's forehead wherein she would hear him with reasonable clarity. Bell's preoccupation with his mother's deafness led him to study acoustics. His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists.", "Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, also known as AG Bell, is a resource, support network and advocate for listening, learning, talking and living independently with hearing loss. Through publications, advocacy, training, scholarships and financial aid, AG Bell promotes the use of spoken language as well as hearing technology for children with hearing loss. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with chapters located throughout the United States and a network of international affiliates. The Association also sponsors the AG Bell College Scholarship Awards Program for a number of deaf and hard of hearing full-time students pursuing undergraduate or graduate degrees. In 2010, 18 awards were granted ranging from $1,000 to $10,000. The Association was originally created as the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD). In 1908 it merged with Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Bureau (founded in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\"), and was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 at the suggestion of Mrs. Frances Toms, the mother of a deaf son who was able to achieve high academic standings in normal non-deaf schools with the organization's help. In 1999 the Association was finally renamed to the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Working globally to ensure that people who are deaf and hard of hearing can hear and talk. We wanted all families to be informed and supported, professionals to be appropriately qualified to teach and help children with hearing loss, public policy leaders to effectively address the needs of people with hearing loss, and communities to be empowered to help their neighbors with hearing loss succeed."], "answer": {"text": "a simple dehusking machine", "answer_start": 503}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Alexander Graham Bell when he made his first invention?", "answer": {"text": "the age of 12,", "answer_start": 392, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he invent?", "answer": {"text": "Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b217a5112ae54fa5ac8d4b8c13d1bf2b_1_q#3", "question": "By inventing this, what happened to allow him to continue inventing things?", "rewrite": "By inventing a dehusking machine, what happened to allow Alexander Graham Bell to continue inventing things?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes include honors bestowed upon him and awards named for him. Alexander Graham Bell received numerous tributes during his life, and new awards were subsequently named for him posthumously. Alexander Graham bell was born in March 16, 1847. Among those tributes:           A number of schools, institutes, organizations, academic scholarships, awards, and places have been named in honour of Bell. A number of historic sites and other marks also commemorate both him and the first telephone company buildings. Among them are:  Of international stature (partial list): In Canada (partial list): In France: In India:  In Germany:  In Mexico:  In New Zealand:  In Russia:  In South Africa:,  In Switzerland:  In Spain:  In The Netherlands:  In the United Kingdom (partial list):   In the United States (partial list): The 'Bell' trademark has been used and is \"still\" in use with a variety of telephone companies in North America and around the world, including (partial list):", "Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, also known as AG Bell, is a resource, support network and advocate for listening, learning, talking and living independently with hearing loss. Through publications, advocacy, training, scholarships and financial aid, AG Bell promotes the use of spoken language as well as hearing technology for children with hearing loss. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with chapters located throughout the United States and a network of international affiliates. The Association also sponsors the AG Bell College Scholarship Awards Program for a number of deaf and hard of hearing full-time students pursuing undergraduate or graduate degrees. In 2010, 18 awards were granted ranging from $1,000 to $10,000. The Association was originally created as the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD). In 1908 it merged with Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Bureau (founded in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\"), and was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 at the suggestion of Mrs. Frances Toms, the mother of a deaf son who was able to achieve high academic standings in normal non-deaf schools with the organization's help. In 1999 the Association was finally renamed to the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Working globally to ensure that people who are deaf and hard of hearing can hear and talk. We wanted all families to be informed and supported, professionals to be appropriately qualified to teach and help children with hearing loss, public policy leaders to effectively address the needs of people with hearing loss, and communities to be empowered to help their neighbors with hearing loss succeed.", "Mabel H. Grosvenor Dr. Mabel Harlakenden Grosvenor (July 28, 1905 in Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia \u2013 October 30, 2006 in Baddeck, Nova Scotia) was a Canadian-born American pediatrician, and a granddaughter and secretary to the scientist and telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell. She lived in both Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia and Washington, D.C.  Grosvenor oversaw the stewardship of Bell's legacy Canadian estate at Beinn Bhreagh, Baddeck, Nova Scotia, until her death, and was also the Honorary President of the Alexander Graham Bell Club (founded in 1891), Canada's oldest continuing women's club. The club grew out of a social organization started at Beinn Bhreagh, by Mabel Bell, Alexander's wife. When Grosvenor died in 2006 at age 101, she was the last surviving individual to have personally known and worked with Alexander Graham Bell. Grosvenor was the third of seven children born to Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor (1875\u20131966), the father of photojournalism, and the first full-time editor of National Geographic Magazine, and to Elsie May Bell (1878\u20131964), the first child born to Alexander Graham Bell and Mabel Gardiner Hubbard. Grosvenor was named after her maternal grandmother, Mabel, who was struck with deafness at age five and became, apocryphally, the reason for the invention of the telephone by Mabel's fianc\u00e9e. She lived and grew up in both the Beinn Bhreagh estate where she was born, as well as her parents' home near Dupont Circle in Washington, D.C. In 1912 her parents moved to a large farm in North Bethesda, Maryland, at what later became the Grosvenor Metro station.", "Volta Laboratory and Bureau The Volta Laboratory (also known as the \"Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory\", the \"Bell Carriage House\" and the \"Bell Laboratory\") and the Volta Bureau were created in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. by Alexander Graham Bell. The Volta Laboratory was founded in 1880\u20131881 with Charles Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin, Chichester Bell, for the research and development of telecommunication, phonograph and other technologies. Using funds generated by the Volta Laboratory, Bell later founded the Volta Bureau in 1887 \"for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf\", and merged with the American Association for the Promotion and Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD) in 1908. It was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 and then the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in 1999. The current building, a U.S. National Historic Landmark, was constructed in 1893 under the direction of Alexander Graham Bell to serve as a center of information for deaf and hard of hearing persons. Bell, best known for receiving the first telephone patent in 1876, was also a prominent figure of his generation in the education of the deaf. His grandfather, father and elder brother were teachers of speech and the younger Bell worked with them. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Bell moved to Canada with his family in 1870 following the deaths of his brothers, and a year later moved to Boston to teach at a special day school for deaf children. Both Bell's mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing his life's work. He became a renowned educator by opening a private normal class to train teachers of speech to the deaf and as a professor of vocal physiology and the mechanics of speech at Boston University. During this time he also invented an improved phonautograph, the multiple telegraph, the speaking telegraph, or telephone, and numerous other devices.", "Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site is a property in Baddeck, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada, overlooking the Bras d'Or Lakes. The site is a unit of Parks Canada, the national park system, and includes the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, which contains the largest repository of artifacts and documents from Bell's years of experimental work in Baddeck. This site was designated a National Historic Site in 1952. The site features artifacts donated in 1955 from the Bell family's personal museum, located in the Kite House at Beinn Bhreagh. The site also features memorabilia associated with Bell's experiments, including: the original hull of a hydrofoil boat, the HD-4, that set a world marine speed record in Baddeck by reaching speeds of over 112 km/h (over 70 mph) in 1919; a full-scale replica of that boat; the AEA Silver Dart which in 1909 J.A.D. MacCurdy piloted up into the air over the ice of Baddeck Bay to become the first controlled heavier-than-air craft to be flown in the British Empire -- plus many other exhibits and documents from Bell's years of research activities on the transmission of speech and sound by wire and by light, as well as his experiments with kites, planes and high speed boats. The museum also features displays relating to Bell's work with in the field of deaf education and how it led to the invention of the telephone. The Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site was designed by the renowned British Architect O. Howard Leicester, R.I.B.A. In addition to its displays, the museum features an observation deck on the roof of the building offering a view of Bell's Beinn Bhreagh estate, across the bay."], "answer": {"text": "Despite being normally quiet and introspective, he revelled in mimicry and \"voice tricks\" akin to ventriloquism that continually entertained family guests during their occasional visits.", "answer_start": 909}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Alexander Graham Bell when he made his first invention?", "answer": {"text": "the age of 12,", "answer_start": 392, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he invent?", "answer": {"text": "Bell built a homemade device that combined rotating paddles with sets of nail brushes,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was it for?", "answer": {"text": "a simple dehusking machine", "answer_start": 503, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#0", "question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "rewrite": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the bottom of the third, Willie McGee tripled and scored on Ozzie Smith's sacrifice fly to center. It stayed 1\u20130 until the sixth when the floodgates opened and the Cardinals scored five runs to finish off Perez and the Braves for the evening. Three straight singles by Lonnie Smith, Keith Hernandez, and George Hendrick chased Perez and made it 2\u20130 with two on and nobody out. Brought in to put out the fire, Steve Bedrosian walked Darrell Porter to load the bases and gave up a single to McGee that scored Hernandez. Ozzie Smith's single scored Hendrick and Porter scored on a sacrifice fly by Forsch. A wild pitch advanced the runners, and a Ken Oberkfell single made it 6\u20130 Cardinals. Donnie Moore replaced Bedrosian and ended the inning, but the game was as good as over. The Cardinals added a cosmetic run in the eighth scored by Forsch on a sacrifice fly. The 7\u20130 win gave the Cardinals a 1\u20130 lead in the best-of-five series. Forsch went the distance and only yielded three hits while Perez got the loss. Saturday, October 9, 1982, at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri After another rainout the night before, an exciting contest unfolded at Busch Stadium in Game 2 with the Braves sending Phil Niekro against John Stuper. The Cardinals took a 1\u20130 lead in the bottom of the second when Ken Oberkfell scored on a wild pitch. The Braves answered in the top of the third when Bruce Benedict walked, went to second on a Niekro bunt, and scored the Braves' first official run of the series when Rafael Ramirez hit a single that he followed by scoring on a three-base error to put the Braves in front for the first time, 2\u20131.", "Burt Hooton came in for the NL in the AL-half of the sixth and promptly loaded the bases on three successive singles by Singleton, Dwight Evans, and Carlton Fisk. Fred Lynn lined another single, but only Singleton came home to tie it at 2-2. Buddy Bell followed with a sacrifice fly to give the AL a 3-2 lead. Eddie Murray then bounced what looked to be a double-play grounder to Steve Garvey at first, but Garvey's low throw combined with a great play by Ozzie Smith at second and a rolling slide by Lynn resulted in only a force at second. Fisk went to third and Ted Simmons singled him in to make it 4-2. Al Oliver then lifted a bloop fly ball to left that looked like it would drop, but Dusty Baker hustled in and made a sliding catch for the third out, saving a run and possibly more. In the seventh, Carter got one of the runs back with his second homer, this one off Ron Davis. Then, in the eighth, Rollie Fingers walked Ozzie Smith. Smith stole second and attempted to take third when Bo D\u00edaz' throw went into center field. Dave Winfield hustled the ball back to the infield and Smith was caught in a rundown and tagged out by Fingers. Mike Easler walked and Mike Schmidt homered off Fingers to give the National League their winning runs.", "1985 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals' 1985 season was the team's 104th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 94th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 101-61 during the season and finished in first place in the National League East division by three games over the New York Mets. After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the NLCS, they lost in seven games in the World Series to their cross-state rivals, the Kansas City Royals in the I-70 Series. The World Series is known for the infamous \"safe\" call on the Royals' Jorge Orta by umpire Don Denkinger. The Cardinals switched back to their traditional gray road uniforms for the first time in ten seasons. Outfielder Willie McGee won the National League MVP Award this year, batting .353 with 10 home runs and 82 RBIs. Outfielder Vince Coleman won the National League Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .267 with 107 runs scored and 110 stolen bases. Shortstop Ozzie Smith and McGee both won Gold Gloves this year. During the 1985 playoffs, the Cardinals used the slogan The Heat Is On, in reference to the song that was released earlier that year. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  The NLCS against the Dodgers featured two game-winning home runs by shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 and first baseman Jack Clark in Game 6, both off Dodgers reliever Tom Niedenfuer. In a rare display of power-hitting, Smith hit his in walk-off fashion in the bottom of the ninth inning, prompting the famous call of \"Go crazy, folks! Go crazy!\" by Jack Buck.", "With the scored tied 4\u20134, the NL retaliated immediately the next half-inning when the Expos' Marquis Grissom sliced a home run down the right field line off Randy Johnson. Later in the inning, with a runner on and one out, the Pittsburgh crowd roared but then exhaled when the slap hitting veteran Ozzie Smith nearly hit another home run off the Big Unit \u2013 missing the left field foul pole by a few feet. It all appeared to unravel for the NL in the 7th, clinging to their now slim one-run lead. Astros closer John Hudek quickly gave up a single to Pudge and a walk to Mickey Tettleton. Then the Twins' Chuck Knoblauch looked to have a sure single on the AstroTurf through the left side, but Ozzie Smith made a spectacular diving stop and fired to second for the force play. The play, though, only temporarily halted the AL uprising as veteran Danny Jackson came in to relieve and got knocked around. He allowed a run-scoring double by the Red Sox third baseman Scott Cooper and a 2-run single by the Indians' Kenny Lofton. The NL looked to be running out of time thanks to scoreless innings by AL pitchers Pat Hentgen of the Blue Jays and Wilson \u00c1lvarez of the White Sox. In the 9th the AL brought in veteran closer Lee Smith who had resurrected his dominant stuff one last time with the Orioles that season. He quickly walked Marquis Grissom to lead off. Then got Craig Biggio to hit a sharp grounder to third baseman Scott Cooper at third. However, Cooper double clutched ever so slightly and the AL just missed turning the double play on Biggio. This allowed Fregosi to pinch-hit slugger Fred McGriff, who he had saved up, to come to the plate as the tying run.", "With Willie McGee on first and attempting to steal, Brewers catcher Ted Simmons took a pitch-out but bobbled the ball allowing McGee to steal second. After a walk to Ozzie Smith, Moose Haas' wild pitch moved McGee to third and Smith to second. Tommy Herr hit a deep fly. McGee scored easily and Smith took advantage of center fielder Gorman Thomas slipping and falling on the warning track and never stopped, scoring behind McGee for a two-run sacrifice fly for Herr. Ken Oberkfell followed with a walk, stole second and came home when a Keith Hernandez grounder went through Gantner's legs. The Cardinals scored three times despite only one base hit. In the Brewers half of the fifth, with none out and runners at first and third, Ozzie Smith made one of his famous \"Wizard of Oz\" plays. Gantner hit a ground ball through the middle towards center field. Smith, though off-balance, stabbed at the ball while simultaneously stepping on second base, recovered and fired to first to double up Gantner. In the seventh, things fell apart. With one out, Oglivie reached first when first baseman Keith Hernandez's toss to LaPoint was dropped. LaPoint was relieved by Doug Bair after giving up a two-out RBI (unearned) double to Gantner. Before relieved by Jim Kaat, Bair walked Molitor and gave up a bases-loaded, two-run (both unearned) single to Yount. An RBI single by Cecil Cooper and a wild pitch brought in the fourth Cardinals pitcher, Jeff Lahti. Lahti intentionally walked (charged to Kaat) Simmons and gave up another bases-loaded, two-run single to Thomas. Lahti issued another intentional walk to Oglivie then induced a fly out to left field to end this inning."], "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#1", "question": "What was his position?", "rewrite": "What was Ozzie Smith's position on the Cardinals?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1985 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals' 1985 season was the team's 104th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 94th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 101-61 during the season and finished in first place in the National League East division by three games over the New York Mets. After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the NLCS, they lost in seven games in the World Series to their cross-state rivals, the Kansas City Royals in the I-70 Series. The World Series is known for the infamous \"safe\" call on the Royals' Jorge Orta by umpire Don Denkinger. The Cardinals switched back to their traditional gray road uniforms for the first time in ten seasons. Outfielder Willie McGee won the National League MVP Award this year, batting .353 with 10 home runs and 82 RBIs. Outfielder Vince Coleman won the National League Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .267 with 107 runs scored and 110 stolen bases. Shortstop Ozzie Smith and McGee both won Gold Gloves this year. During the 1985 playoffs, the Cardinals used the slogan The Heat Is On, in reference to the song that was released earlier that year. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  The NLCS against the Dodgers featured two game-winning home runs by shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 and first baseman Jack Clark in Game 6, both off Dodgers reliever Tom Niedenfuer. In a rare display of power-hitting, Smith hit his in walk-off fashion in the bottom of the ninth inning, prompting the famous call of \"Go crazy, folks! Go crazy!\" by Jack Buck.", "With Willie McGee on first and attempting to steal, Brewers catcher Ted Simmons took a pitch-out but bobbled the ball allowing McGee to steal second. After a walk to Ozzie Smith, Moose Haas' wild pitch moved McGee to third and Smith to second. Tommy Herr hit a deep fly. McGee scored easily and Smith took advantage of center fielder Gorman Thomas slipping and falling on the warning track and never stopped, scoring behind McGee for a two-run sacrifice fly for Herr. Ken Oberkfell followed with a walk, stole second and came home when a Keith Hernandez grounder went through Gantner's legs. The Cardinals scored three times despite only one base hit. In the Brewers half of the fifth, with none out and runners at first and third, Ozzie Smith made one of his famous \"Wizard of Oz\" plays. Gantner hit a ground ball through the middle towards center field. Smith, though off-balance, stabbed at the ball while simultaneously stepping on second base, recovered and fired to first to double up Gantner. In the seventh, things fell apart. With one out, Oglivie reached first when first baseman Keith Hernandez's toss to LaPoint was dropped. LaPoint was relieved by Doug Bair after giving up a two-out RBI (unearned) double to Gantner. Before relieved by Jim Kaat, Bair walked Molitor and gave up a bases-loaded, two-run (both unearned) single to Yount. An RBI single by Cecil Cooper and a wild pitch brought in the fourth Cardinals pitcher, Jeff Lahti. Lahti intentionally walked (charged to Kaat) Simmons and gave up another bases-loaded, two-run single to Thomas. Lahti issued another intentional walk to Oglivie then induced a fly out to left field to end this inning.", "Burt Hooton came in for the NL in the AL-half of the sixth and promptly loaded the bases on three successive singles by Singleton, Dwight Evans, and Carlton Fisk. Fred Lynn lined another single, but only Singleton came home to tie it at 2-2. Buddy Bell followed with a sacrifice fly to give the AL a 3-2 lead. Eddie Murray then bounced what looked to be a double-play grounder to Steve Garvey at first, but Garvey's low throw combined with a great play by Ozzie Smith at second and a rolling slide by Lynn resulted in only a force at second. Fisk went to third and Ted Simmons singled him in to make it 4-2. Al Oliver then lifted a bloop fly ball to left that looked like it would drop, but Dusty Baker hustled in and made a sliding catch for the third out, saving a run and possibly more. In the seventh, Carter got one of the runs back with his second homer, this one off Ron Davis. Then, in the eighth, Rollie Fingers walked Ozzie Smith. Smith stole second and attempted to take third when Bo D\u00edaz' throw went into center field. Dave Winfield hustled the ball back to the infield and Smith was caught in a rundown and tagged out by Fingers. Mike Easler walked and Mike Schmidt homered off Fingers to give the National League their winning runs.", "In the bottom of the third, Willie McGee tripled and scored on Ozzie Smith's sacrifice fly to center. It stayed 1\u20130 until the sixth when the floodgates opened and the Cardinals scored five runs to finish off Perez and the Braves for the evening. Three straight singles by Lonnie Smith, Keith Hernandez, and George Hendrick chased Perez and made it 2\u20130 with two on and nobody out. Brought in to put out the fire, Steve Bedrosian walked Darrell Porter to load the bases and gave up a single to McGee that scored Hernandez. Ozzie Smith's single scored Hendrick and Porter scored on a sacrifice fly by Forsch. A wild pitch advanced the runners, and a Ken Oberkfell single made it 6\u20130 Cardinals. Donnie Moore replaced Bedrosian and ended the inning, but the game was as good as over. The Cardinals added a cosmetic run in the eighth scored by Forsch on a sacrifice fly. The 7\u20130 win gave the Cardinals a 1\u20130 lead in the best-of-five series. Forsch went the distance and only yielded three hits while Perez got the loss. Saturday, October 9, 1982, at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri After another rainout the night before, an exciting contest unfolded at Busch Stadium in Game 2 with the Braves sending Phil Niekro against John Stuper. The Cardinals took a 1\u20130 lead in the bottom of the second when Ken Oberkfell scored on a wild pitch. The Braves answered in the top of the third when Bruce Benedict walked, went to second on a Niekro bunt, and scored the Braves' first official run of the series when Rafael Ramirez hit a single that he followed by scoring on a three-base error to put the Braves in front for the first time, 2\u20131.", "1991 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals 1991 season was the team's 110th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 100th season in the National League. The Cardinals rebounded from a rare last-place finish a year earlier to register a record of 84-78 during the season and finished 2nd to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League East division by fourteen games. Ozzie Smith set the National League record for fewest errors in a season by a shortstop with 8 errors. Gold Gloves were awarded to catcher Tom Pagnozzi and shortstop Ozzie Smith this year. June 3, 1991: John Mabry was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 6th round of the 1991 amateur draft. Player signed June 11, 1991. \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs ; RBI = Runs Batted In\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#2", "question": "Did he win any  awards during this time?", "rewrite": "Did Ozzie Smith win any awards during the time playing for the Carindials?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the bottom of the third, Willie McGee tripled and scored on Ozzie Smith's sacrifice fly to center. It stayed 1\u20130 until the sixth when the floodgates opened and the Cardinals scored five runs to finish off Perez and the Braves for the evening. Three straight singles by Lonnie Smith, Keith Hernandez, and George Hendrick chased Perez and made it 2\u20130 with two on and nobody out. Brought in to put out the fire, Steve Bedrosian walked Darrell Porter to load the bases and gave up a single to McGee that scored Hernandez. Ozzie Smith's single scored Hendrick and Porter scored on a sacrifice fly by Forsch. A wild pitch advanced the runners, and a Ken Oberkfell single made it 6\u20130 Cardinals. Donnie Moore replaced Bedrosian and ended the inning, but the game was as good as over. The Cardinals added a cosmetic run in the eighth scored by Forsch on a sacrifice fly. The 7\u20130 win gave the Cardinals a 1\u20130 lead in the best-of-five series. Forsch went the distance and only yielded three hits while Perez got the loss. Saturday, October 9, 1982, at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri After another rainout the night before, an exciting contest unfolded at Busch Stadium in Game 2 with the Braves sending Phil Niekro against John Stuper. The Cardinals took a 1\u20130 lead in the bottom of the second when Ken Oberkfell scored on a wild pitch. The Braves answered in the top of the third when Bruce Benedict walked, went to second on a Niekro bunt, and scored the Braves' first official run of the series when Rafael Ramirez hit a single that he followed by scoring on a three-base error to put the Braves in front for the first time, 2\u20131.", "With Willie McGee on first and attempting to steal, Brewers catcher Ted Simmons took a pitch-out but bobbled the ball allowing McGee to steal second. After a walk to Ozzie Smith, Moose Haas' wild pitch moved McGee to third and Smith to second. Tommy Herr hit a deep fly. McGee scored easily and Smith took advantage of center fielder Gorman Thomas slipping and falling on the warning track and never stopped, scoring behind McGee for a two-run sacrifice fly for Herr. Ken Oberkfell followed with a walk, stole second and came home when a Keith Hernandez grounder went through Gantner's legs. The Cardinals scored three times despite only one base hit. In the Brewers half of the fifth, with none out and runners at first and third, Ozzie Smith made one of his famous \"Wizard of Oz\" plays. Gantner hit a ground ball through the middle towards center field. Smith, though off-balance, stabbed at the ball while simultaneously stepping on second base, recovered and fired to first to double up Gantner. In the seventh, things fell apart. With one out, Oglivie reached first when first baseman Keith Hernandez's toss to LaPoint was dropped. LaPoint was relieved by Doug Bair after giving up a two-out RBI (unearned) double to Gantner. Before relieved by Jim Kaat, Bair walked Molitor and gave up a bases-loaded, two-run (both unearned) single to Yount. An RBI single by Cecil Cooper and a wild pitch brought in the fourth Cardinals pitcher, Jeff Lahti. Lahti intentionally walked (charged to Kaat) Simmons and gave up another bases-loaded, two-run single to Thomas. Lahti issued another intentional walk to Oglivie then induced a fly out to left field to end this inning.", "With the scored tied 4\u20134, the NL retaliated immediately the next half-inning when the Expos' Marquis Grissom sliced a home run down the right field line off Randy Johnson. Later in the inning, with a runner on and one out, the Pittsburgh crowd roared but then exhaled when the slap hitting veteran Ozzie Smith nearly hit another home run off the Big Unit \u2013 missing the left field foul pole by a few feet. It all appeared to unravel for the NL in the 7th, clinging to their now slim one-run lead. Astros closer John Hudek quickly gave up a single to Pudge and a walk to Mickey Tettleton. Then the Twins' Chuck Knoblauch looked to have a sure single on the AstroTurf through the left side, but Ozzie Smith made a spectacular diving stop and fired to second for the force play. The play, though, only temporarily halted the AL uprising as veteran Danny Jackson came in to relieve and got knocked around. He allowed a run-scoring double by the Red Sox third baseman Scott Cooper and a 2-run single by the Indians' Kenny Lofton. The NL looked to be running out of time thanks to scoreless innings by AL pitchers Pat Hentgen of the Blue Jays and Wilson \u00c1lvarez of the White Sox. In the 9th the AL brought in veteran closer Lee Smith who had resurrected his dominant stuff one last time with the Orioles that season. He quickly walked Marquis Grissom to lead off. Then got Craig Biggio to hit a sharp grounder to third baseman Scott Cooper at third. However, Cooper double clutched ever so slightly and the AL just missed turning the double play on Biggio. This allowed Fregosi to pinch-hit slugger Fred McGriff, who he had saved up, to come to the plate as the tying run.", "The one candidate who received at least 75% of the vote and was elected is indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in \"italics\". The 8 candidates who received less than 5% of the vote, thus becoming ineligible for future BBWAA consideration, are indicated with an asterisk (*). Luis Tiant was on the ballot for the 15th and final time. The newly-eligible players included twelve All-Stars, one of whom (Steve Howe) was not on the ballot, representing a total of 49 All-Star selections. Among the candidates were 15-time All Star Ozzie Smith, 8-time All Star Andre Dawson, 6-time All-Star Alan Trammell and 5-time All Star Tim Wallach. The field also included two Rookies of the Year (Dawson and Steve Howe), one Cy Young Award winner (Frank Viola) and one MVP (Dawson). Finally, Ozzie Smith holds the record for Gold Gloves at Shortstop, with thirteen. Players eligible for the first time who were \"not\" included on the ballot were: Mike Aldrete, Joe Boever, Chris Bosio, Mark Carreon, Rob Deer, Mark Eichhorn, F\u00e9lix Ferm\u00edn, Marvin Freeman, Lee Guetterman, Chris Gwynn, John Habyan, Mel Hall, Steve Howe, Dion James, Mike Kingery, Kirk McCaskill, Roger McDowell, Rich Monteleone, Jeff Parrett, Alejandro Pe\u00f1a, Dick Schofield, Zane Smith, Milt Thompson, and Dave Valle. Joe Falls received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. (The award was voted at the December 2001 meeting of the BBWAA, dated 2001, and conferred in the summer 2002 ceremonies.)", "Burt Hooton came in for the NL in the AL-half of the sixth and promptly loaded the bases on three successive singles by Singleton, Dwight Evans, and Carlton Fisk. Fred Lynn lined another single, but only Singleton came home to tie it at 2-2. Buddy Bell followed with a sacrifice fly to give the AL a 3-2 lead. Eddie Murray then bounced what looked to be a double-play grounder to Steve Garvey at first, but Garvey's low throw combined with a great play by Ozzie Smith at second and a rolling slide by Lynn resulted in only a force at second. Fisk went to third and Ted Simmons singled him in to make it 4-2. Al Oliver then lifted a bloop fly ball to left that looked like it would drop, but Dusty Baker hustled in and made a sliding catch for the third out, saving a run and possibly more. In the seventh, Carter got one of the runs back with his second homer, this one off Ron Davis. Then, in the eighth, Rollie Fingers walked Ozzie Smith. Smith stole second and attempted to take third when Bo D\u00edaz' throw went into center field. Dave Winfield hustled the ball back to the infield and Smith was caught in a rundown and tagged out by Fingers. Mike Easler walked and Mike Schmidt homered off Fingers to give the National League their winning runs."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#3", "question": "How many games did they win?", "rewrite": "How many games did the Cardinals win while Ozzie Smith played.", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the bottom of the third, Willie McGee tripled and scored on Ozzie Smith's sacrifice fly to center. It stayed 1\u20130 until the sixth when the floodgates opened and the Cardinals scored five runs to finish off Perez and the Braves for the evening. Three straight singles by Lonnie Smith, Keith Hernandez, and George Hendrick chased Perez and made it 2\u20130 with two on and nobody out. Brought in to put out the fire, Steve Bedrosian walked Darrell Porter to load the bases and gave up a single to McGee that scored Hernandez. Ozzie Smith's single scored Hendrick and Porter scored on a sacrifice fly by Forsch. A wild pitch advanced the runners, and a Ken Oberkfell single made it 6\u20130 Cardinals. Donnie Moore replaced Bedrosian and ended the inning, but the game was as good as over. The Cardinals added a cosmetic run in the eighth scored by Forsch on a sacrifice fly. The 7\u20130 win gave the Cardinals a 1\u20130 lead in the best-of-five series. Forsch went the distance and only yielded three hits while Perez got the loss. Saturday, October 9, 1982, at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri After another rainout the night before, an exciting contest unfolded at Busch Stadium in Game 2 with the Braves sending Phil Niekro against John Stuper. The Cardinals took a 1\u20130 lead in the bottom of the second when Ken Oberkfell scored on a wild pitch. The Braves answered in the top of the third when Bruce Benedict walked, went to second on a Niekro bunt, and scored the Braves' first official run of the series when Rafael Ramirez hit a single that he followed by scoring on a three-base error to put the Braves in front for the first time, 2\u20131.", "1991 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals 1991 season was the team's 110th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 100th season in the National League. The Cardinals rebounded from a rare last-place finish a year earlier to register a record of 84-78 during the season and finished 2nd to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League East division by fourteen games. Ozzie Smith set the National League record for fewest errors in a season by a shortstop with 8 errors. Gold Gloves were awarded to catcher Tom Pagnozzi and shortstop Ozzie Smith this year. June 3, 1991: John Mabry was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 6th round of the 1991 amateur draft. Player signed June 11, 1991. \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs ; RBI = Runs Batted In\"", "With Willie McGee on first and attempting to steal, Brewers catcher Ted Simmons took a pitch-out but bobbled the ball allowing McGee to steal second. After a walk to Ozzie Smith, Moose Haas' wild pitch moved McGee to third and Smith to second. Tommy Herr hit a deep fly. McGee scored easily and Smith took advantage of center fielder Gorman Thomas slipping and falling on the warning track and never stopped, scoring behind McGee for a two-run sacrifice fly for Herr. Ken Oberkfell followed with a walk, stole second and came home when a Keith Hernandez grounder went through Gantner's legs. The Cardinals scored three times despite only one base hit. In the Brewers half of the fifth, with none out and runners at first and third, Ozzie Smith made one of his famous \"Wizard of Oz\" plays. Gantner hit a ground ball through the middle towards center field. Smith, though off-balance, stabbed at the ball while simultaneously stepping on second base, recovered and fired to first to double up Gantner. In the seventh, things fell apart. With one out, Oglivie reached first when first baseman Keith Hernandez's toss to LaPoint was dropped. LaPoint was relieved by Doug Bair after giving up a two-out RBI (unearned) double to Gantner. Before relieved by Jim Kaat, Bair walked Molitor and gave up a bases-loaded, two-run (both unearned) single to Yount. An RBI single by Cecil Cooper and a wild pitch brought in the fourth Cardinals pitcher, Jeff Lahti. Lahti intentionally walked (charged to Kaat) Simmons and gave up another bases-loaded, two-run single to Thomas. Lahti issued another intentional walk to Oglivie then induced a fly out to left field to end this inning.", "1985 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals' 1985 season was the team's 104th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 94th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 101-61 during the season and finished in first place in the National League East division by three games over the New York Mets. After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the NLCS, they lost in seven games in the World Series to their cross-state rivals, the Kansas City Royals in the I-70 Series. The World Series is known for the infamous \"safe\" call on the Royals' Jorge Orta by umpire Don Denkinger. The Cardinals switched back to their traditional gray road uniforms for the first time in ten seasons. Outfielder Willie McGee won the National League MVP Award this year, batting .353 with 10 home runs and 82 RBIs. Outfielder Vince Coleman won the National League Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .267 with 107 runs scored and 110 stolen bases. Shortstop Ozzie Smith and McGee both won Gold Gloves this year. During the 1985 playoffs, the Cardinals used the slogan The Heat Is On, in reference to the song that was released earlier that year. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  The NLCS against the Dodgers featured two game-winning home runs by shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 and first baseman Jack Clark in Game 6, both off Dodgers reliever Tom Niedenfuer. In a rare display of power-hitting, Smith hit his in walk-off fashion in the bottom of the ninth inning, prompting the famous call of \"Go crazy, folks! Go crazy!\" by Jack Buck.", "Former Cardinal catcher and third baseman Joe Torre replaced Whitey Herzog as manager late in the 1990 season after he unexpectedly resigned. Despite an in-season trade to the Oakland A's that season, outfielder Willie McGee attained the requisite number of plate appearances to win his second NL batting title with the Cardinals at .335, making him the only player to win a batting title and end the same season in the other Major League. McGee's batting title was the main highlight in a season where the Cardinals finished last in the division (70\u201392, .432 winning percentage). It was the first occurrence that they finished last in the standings since 1918 (52\u201378, .395 winning percentage), when they finished last in the NL when the two leagues had not yet been split into divisions. However, the Atlanta Braves finished with the worst record in the NL (65\u201397, .401 winning percentage) in 1990. Thus, the Cardinals have avoided finishing last in the entire league every year since 1918, the longest such streak in Major League history and the 1990 season is still their only last place finish in their division. Starting the next season, the Cardinals commenced a period of playing above expectations and continued a reputation of defensive excellence. Torre's teams 83 or more games each season in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Shortstop Ozzie Smith, a fan favorite due to his acrobatics, smooth glove and powerful arm, set several defensive records, including the single-season record for fewest errors at shortstop (8) in 1991. He also set career marks at his position games played in 1993, assists (July 14, 1994), and double plays (1,554 on September 15, 1995), and won the Gold Glove every year from 1982 to 1992 with the Cardinals. The accolades did not stop with Smith, however."], "answer": {"text": "team won 101 games", "answer_start": 113}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any  awards during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#4", "question": "What was his batting average?", "rewrite": "What was Ozzie Smith's batting average?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1985 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals' 1985 season was the team's 104th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 94th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 101-61 during the season and finished in first place in the National League East division by three games over the New York Mets. After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the NLCS, they lost in seven games in the World Series to their cross-state rivals, the Kansas City Royals in the I-70 Series. The World Series is known for the infamous \"safe\" call on the Royals' Jorge Orta by umpire Don Denkinger. The Cardinals switched back to their traditional gray road uniforms for the first time in ten seasons. Outfielder Willie McGee won the National League MVP Award this year, batting .353 with 10 home runs and 82 RBIs. Outfielder Vince Coleman won the National League Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .267 with 107 runs scored and 110 stolen bases. Shortstop Ozzie Smith and McGee both won Gold Gloves this year. During the 1985 playoffs, the Cardinals used the slogan The Heat Is On, in reference to the song that was released earlier that year. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  The NLCS against the Dodgers featured two game-winning home runs by shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 and first baseman Jack Clark in Game 6, both off Dodgers reliever Tom Niedenfuer. In a rare display of power-hitting, Smith hit his in walk-off fashion in the bottom of the ninth inning, prompting the famous call of \"Go crazy, folks! Go crazy!\" by Jack Buck.", "1996 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals 1996 season was the team's 115th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 105th season in the National League. During the first year of the William DeWitt, Jr. era, the Cardinals went 88-74 during the season and won their first-ever National League Central division title by six games over the Houston Astros. They beat the San Diego Padres in the NLDS, but fell in 7 games to the Atlanta Braves in the NLCS. DeWitt, along with Drew Bauer and Fred Hanser had bought the Cardinals from Anheuser-Busch during the 1995-96 offseason. Legendary veteran shortstop Ozzie Smith, announced during the season that it would be his last season in the Major Leagues, while veteran outfielder Willie McGee, was brought back to the Cards as a free agent. Though the tension between Smith and exciting youngster Royce Clayton, acquired in a trade, grew thick and troublesome at times as they shared time at shortstop, both players had good seasons. McGee came off the bench and started when needed. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV", "1986 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1986 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 105th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 95th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 79-82 during the season and finished 3rd in the National League East division. Pitcher Todd Worrell won the Rookie of the Year Award this year, with a 2.08 ERA and 36 saves. This was the second consecutive year a Cardinal won the Rookie of the Year Award, with Vince Coleman winning the previous season, and the second time in team history that the Cardinals had two consecutive NL Rookie of the Year winners (Wally Moon in 1954 and Bill Virdon in 1955). Shortstop Ozzie Smith and outfielder Willie McGee won Gold Gloves this year. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\"", "1991 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals 1991 season was the team's 110th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 100th season in the National League. The Cardinals rebounded from a rare last-place finish a year earlier to register a record of 84-78 during the season and finished 2nd to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League East division by fourteen games. Ozzie Smith set the National League record for fewest errors in a season by a shortstop with 8 errors. Gold Gloves were awarded to catcher Tom Pagnozzi and shortstop Ozzie Smith this year. June 3, 1991: John Mabry was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 6th round of the 1991 amateur draft. Player signed June 11, 1991. \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs ; RBI = Runs Batted In\"", "1988 St. Louis Cardinals season The 1988 St. Louis Cardinals season was the team's 107th season in St. Louis, Missouri and its 97th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 76-86 during the season and finished 5th in the National League East division. Shortstop Ozzie Smith won a Gold Glove this year. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\""], "answer": {"text": "a .276 batting average,", "answer_start": 23}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any  awards during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did they win?", "answer": {"text": "team won 101 games", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have any home runs?", "rewrite": "Did Ozzie Smith have any home runs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["1985 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals' 1985 season was the team's 104th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 94th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 101-61 during the season and finished in first place in the National League East division by three games over the New York Mets. After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the NLCS, they lost in seven games in the World Series to their cross-state rivals, the Kansas City Royals in the I-70 Series. The World Series is known for the infamous \"safe\" call on the Royals' Jorge Orta by umpire Don Denkinger. The Cardinals switched back to their traditional gray road uniforms for the first time in ten seasons. Outfielder Willie McGee won the National League MVP Award this year, batting .353 with 10 home runs and 82 RBIs. Outfielder Vince Coleman won the National League Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .267 with 107 runs scored and 110 stolen bases. Shortstop Ozzie Smith and McGee both won Gold Gloves this year. During the 1985 playoffs, the Cardinals used the slogan The Heat Is On, in reference to the song that was released earlier that year. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  The NLCS against the Dodgers featured two game-winning home runs by shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 and first baseman Jack Clark in Game 6, both off Dodgers reliever Tom Niedenfuer. In a rare display of power-hitting, Smith hit his in walk-off fashion in the bottom of the ninth inning, prompting the famous call of \"Go crazy, folks! Go crazy!\" by Jack Buck.", "With Willie McGee on first and attempting to steal, Brewers catcher Ted Simmons took a pitch-out but bobbled the ball allowing McGee to steal second. After a walk to Ozzie Smith, Moose Haas' wild pitch moved McGee to third and Smith to second. Tommy Herr hit a deep fly. McGee scored easily and Smith took advantage of center fielder Gorman Thomas slipping and falling on the warning track and never stopped, scoring behind McGee for a two-run sacrifice fly for Herr. Ken Oberkfell followed with a walk, stole second and came home when a Keith Hernandez grounder went through Gantner's legs. The Cardinals scored three times despite only one base hit. In the Brewers half of the fifth, with none out and runners at first and third, Ozzie Smith made one of his famous \"Wizard of Oz\" plays. Gantner hit a ground ball through the middle towards center field. Smith, though off-balance, stabbed at the ball while simultaneously stepping on second base, recovered and fired to first to double up Gantner. In the seventh, things fell apart. With one out, Oglivie reached first when first baseman Keith Hernandez's toss to LaPoint was dropped. LaPoint was relieved by Doug Bair after giving up a two-out RBI (unearned) double to Gantner. Before relieved by Jim Kaat, Bair walked Molitor and gave up a bases-loaded, two-run (both unearned) single to Yount. An RBI single by Cecil Cooper and a wild pitch brought in the fourth Cardinals pitcher, Jeff Lahti. Lahti intentionally walked (charged to Kaat) Simmons and gave up another bases-loaded, two-run single to Thomas. Lahti issued another intentional walk to Oglivie then induced a fly out to left field to end this inning.", "Burt Hooton came in for the NL in the AL-half of the sixth and promptly loaded the bases on three successive singles by Singleton, Dwight Evans, and Carlton Fisk. Fred Lynn lined another single, but only Singleton came home to tie it at 2-2. Buddy Bell followed with a sacrifice fly to give the AL a 3-2 lead. Eddie Murray then bounced what looked to be a double-play grounder to Steve Garvey at first, but Garvey's low throw combined with a great play by Ozzie Smith at second and a rolling slide by Lynn resulted in only a force at second. Fisk went to third and Ted Simmons singled him in to make it 4-2. Al Oliver then lifted a bloop fly ball to left that looked like it would drop, but Dusty Baker hustled in and made a sliding catch for the third out, saving a run and possibly more. In the seventh, Carter got one of the runs back with his second homer, this one off Ron Davis. Then, in the eighth, Rollie Fingers walked Ozzie Smith. Smith stole second and attempted to take third when Bo D\u00edaz' throw went into center field. Dave Winfield hustled the ball back to the infield and Smith was caught in a rundown and tagged out by Fingers. Mike Easler walked and Mike Schmidt homered off Fingers to give the National League their winning runs.", "1991 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals 1991 season was the team's 110th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 100th season in the National League. The Cardinals rebounded from a rare last-place finish a year earlier to register a record of 84-78 during the season and finished 2nd to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the National League East division by fourteen games. Ozzie Smith set the National League record for fewest errors in a season by a shortstop with 8 errors. Gold Gloves were awarded to catcher Tom Pagnozzi and shortstop Ozzie Smith this year. June 3, 1991: John Mabry was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 6th round of the 1991 amateur draft. Player signed June 11, 1991. \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At Bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting Average; HR = Home Runs ; RBI = Runs Batted In\"", "In the bottom of the third, Willie McGee tripled and scored on Ozzie Smith's sacrifice fly to center. It stayed 1\u20130 until the sixth when the floodgates opened and the Cardinals scored five runs to finish off Perez and the Braves for the evening. Three straight singles by Lonnie Smith, Keith Hernandez, and George Hendrick chased Perez and made it 2\u20130 with two on and nobody out. Brought in to put out the fire, Steve Bedrosian walked Darrell Porter to load the bases and gave up a single to McGee that scored Hernandez. Ozzie Smith's single scored Hendrick and Porter scored on a sacrifice fly by Forsch. A wild pitch advanced the runners, and a Ken Oberkfell single made it 6\u20130 Cardinals. Donnie Moore replaced Bedrosian and ended the inning, but the game was as good as over. The Cardinals added a cosmetic run in the eighth scored by Forsch on a sacrifice fly. The 7\u20130 win gave the Cardinals a 1\u20130 lead in the best-of-five series. Forsch went the distance and only yielded three hits while Perez got the loss. Saturday, October 9, 1982, at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri After another rainout the night before, an exciting contest unfolded at Busch Stadium in Game 2 with the Braves sending Phil Niekro against John Stuper. The Cardinals took a 1\u20130 lead in the bottom of the second when Ken Oberkfell scored on a wild pitch. The Braves answered in the top of the third when Bruce Benedict walked, went to second on a Niekro bunt, and scored the Braves' first official run of the series when Rafael Ramirez hit a single that he followed by scoring on a three-base error to put the Braves in front for the first time, 2\u20131."], "answer": {"text": "who had never hit a home run in his previous 3,009 left-handed major league at-bats,", "answer_start": 537}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any  awards during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did they win?", "answer": {"text": "team won 101 games", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his batting average?", "answer": {"text": "a .276 batting average,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#6", "question": "Did he play in the World Series?", "rewrite": "Did Ozzie Smith play in the World Series?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the bottom of the third, Willie McGee tripled and scored on Ozzie Smith's sacrifice fly to center. It stayed 1\u20130 until the sixth when the floodgates opened and the Cardinals scored five runs to finish off Perez and the Braves for the evening. Three straight singles by Lonnie Smith, Keith Hernandez, and George Hendrick chased Perez and made it 2\u20130 with two on and nobody out. Brought in to put out the fire, Steve Bedrosian walked Darrell Porter to load the bases and gave up a single to McGee that scored Hernandez. Ozzie Smith's single scored Hendrick and Porter scored on a sacrifice fly by Forsch. A wild pitch advanced the runners, and a Ken Oberkfell single made it 6\u20130 Cardinals. Donnie Moore replaced Bedrosian and ended the inning, but the game was as good as over. The Cardinals added a cosmetic run in the eighth scored by Forsch on a sacrifice fly. The 7\u20130 win gave the Cardinals a 1\u20130 lead in the best-of-five series. Forsch went the distance and only yielded three hits while Perez got the loss. Saturday, October 9, 1982, at Busch Stadium (II) in St. Louis, Missouri After another rainout the night before, an exciting contest unfolded at Busch Stadium in Game 2 with the Braves sending Phil Niekro against John Stuper. The Cardinals took a 1\u20130 lead in the bottom of the second when Ken Oberkfell scored on a wild pitch. The Braves answered in the top of the third when Bruce Benedict walked, went to second on a Niekro bunt, and scored the Braves' first official run of the series when Rafael Ramirez hit a single that he followed by scoring on a three-base error to put the Braves in front for the first time, 2\u20131.", "1985 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals' 1985 season was the team's 104th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 94th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 101-61 during the season and finished in first place in the National League East division by three games over the New York Mets. After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the NLCS, they lost in seven games in the World Series to their cross-state rivals, the Kansas City Royals in the I-70 Series. The World Series is known for the infamous \"safe\" call on the Royals' Jorge Orta by umpire Don Denkinger. The Cardinals switched back to their traditional gray road uniforms for the first time in ten seasons. Outfielder Willie McGee won the National League MVP Award this year, batting .353 with 10 home runs and 82 RBIs. Outfielder Vince Coleman won the National League Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .267 with 107 runs scored and 110 stolen bases. Shortstop Ozzie Smith and McGee both won Gold Gloves this year. During the 1985 playoffs, the Cardinals used the slogan The Heat Is On, in reference to the song that was released earlier that year. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  The NLCS against the Dodgers featured two game-winning home runs by shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 and first baseman Jack Clark in Game 6, both off Dodgers reliever Tom Niedenfuer. In a rare display of power-hitting, Smith hit his in walk-off fashion in the bottom of the ninth inning, prompting the famous call of \"Go crazy, folks! Go crazy!\" by Jack Buck.", "With the scored tied 4\u20134, the NL retaliated immediately the next half-inning when the Expos' Marquis Grissom sliced a home run down the right field line off Randy Johnson. Later in the inning, with a runner on and one out, the Pittsburgh crowd roared but then exhaled when the slap hitting veteran Ozzie Smith nearly hit another home run off the Big Unit \u2013 missing the left field foul pole by a few feet. It all appeared to unravel for the NL in the 7th, clinging to their now slim one-run lead. Astros closer John Hudek quickly gave up a single to Pudge and a walk to Mickey Tettleton. Then the Twins' Chuck Knoblauch looked to have a sure single on the AstroTurf through the left side, but Ozzie Smith made a spectacular diving stop and fired to second for the force play. The play, though, only temporarily halted the AL uprising as veteran Danny Jackson came in to relieve and got knocked around. He allowed a run-scoring double by the Red Sox third baseman Scott Cooper and a 2-run single by the Indians' Kenny Lofton. The NL looked to be running out of time thanks to scoreless innings by AL pitchers Pat Hentgen of the Blue Jays and Wilson \u00c1lvarez of the White Sox. In the 9th the AL brought in veteran closer Lee Smith who had resurrected his dominant stuff one last time with the Orioles that season. He quickly walked Marquis Grissom to lead off. Then got Craig Biggio to hit a sharp grounder to third baseman Scott Cooper at third. However, Cooper double clutched ever so slightly and the AL just missed turning the double play on Biggio. This allowed Fregosi to pinch-hit slugger Fred McGriff, who he had saved up, to come to the plate as the tying run.", "With Willie McGee on first and attempting to steal, Brewers catcher Ted Simmons took a pitch-out but bobbled the ball allowing McGee to steal second. After a walk to Ozzie Smith, Moose Haas' wild pitch moved McGee to third and Smith to second. Tommy Herr hit a deep fly. McGee scored easily and Smith took advantage of center fielder Gorman Thomas slipping and falling on the warning track and never stopped, scoring behind McGee for a two-run sacrifice fly for Herr. Ken Oberkfell followed with a walk, stole second and came home when a Keith Hernandez grounder went through Gantner's legs. The Cardinals scored three times despite only one base hit. In the Brewers half of the fifth, with none out and runners at first and third, Ozzie Smith made one of his famous \"Wizard of Oz\" plays. Gantner hit a ground ball through the middle towards center field. Smith, though off-balance, stabbed at the ball while simultaneously stepping on second base, recovered and fired to first to double up Gantner. In the seventh, things fell apart. With one out, Oglivie reached first when first baseman Keith Hernandez's toss to LaPoint was dropped. LaPoint was relieved by Doug Bair after giving up a two-out RBI (unearned) double to Gantner. Before relieved by Jim Kaat, Bair walked Molitor and gave up a bases-loaded, two-run (both unearned) single to Yount. An RBI single by Cecil Cooper and a wild pitch brought in the fourth Cardinals pitcher, Jeff Lahti. Lahti intentionally walked (charged to Kaat) Simmons and gave up another bases-loaded, two-run single to Thomas. Lahti issued another intentional walk to Oglivie then induced a fly out to left field to end this inning.", "Burt Hooton came in for the NL in the AL-half of the sixth and promptly loaded the bases on three successive singles by Singleton, Dwight Evans, and Carlton Fisk. Fred Lynn lined another single, but only Singleton came home to tie it at 2-2. Buddy Bell followed with a sacrifice fly to give the AL a 3-2 lead. Eddie Murray then bounced what looked to be a double-play grounder to Steve Garvey at first, but Garvey's low throw combined with a great play by Ozzie Smith at second and a rolling slide by Lynn resulted in only a force at second. Fisk went to third and Ted Simmons singled him in to make it 4-2. Al Oliver then lifted a bloop fly ball to left that looked like it would drop, but Dusty Baker hustled in and made a sliding catch for the third out, saving a run and possibly more. In the seventh, Carter got one of the runs back with his second homer, this one off Ron Davis. Then, in the eighth, Rollie Fingers walked Ozzie Smith. Smith stole second and attempted to take third when Bo D\u00edaz' throw went into center field. Dave Winfield hustled the ball back to the infield and Smith was caught in a rundown and tagged out by Fingers. Mike Easler walked and Mike Schmidt homered off Fingers to give the National League their winning runs."], "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals moved on to face the Kansas City Royals in the 1985 World Series.", "answer_start": 1153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any  awards during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did they win?", "answer": {"text": "team won 101 games", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his batting average?", "answer": {"text": "a .276 batting average,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any home runs?", "answer": {"text": "who had never hit a home run in his previous 3,009 left-handed major league at-bats,", "answer_start": 537, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c480d60d41bc4e0fa4efe80d33514300_1_q#7", "question": "Did he suffer any injuries?", "rewrite": "Did Ozzie Smith suffer any injuries from playing baseball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Burt Hooton came in for the NL in the AL-half of the sixth and promptly loaded the bases on three successive singles by Singleton, Dwight Evans, and Carlton Fisk. Fred Lynn lined another single, but only Singleton came home to tie it at 2-2. Buddy Bell followed with a sacrifice fly to give the AL a 3-2 lead. Eddie Murray then bounced what looked to be a double-play grounder to Steve Garvey at first, but Garvey's low throw combined with a great play by Ozzie Smith at second and a rolling slide by Lynn resulted in only a force at second. Fisk went to third and Ted Simmons singled him in to make it 4-2. Al Oliver then lifted a bloop fly ball to left that looked like it would drop, but Dusty Baker hustled in and made a sliding catch for the third out, saving a run and possibly more. In the seventh, Carter got one of the runs back with his second homer, this one off Ron Davis. Then, in the eighth, Rollie Fingers walked Ozzie Smith. Smith stole second and attempted to take third when Bo D\u00edaz' throw went into center field. Dave Winfield hustled the ball back to the infield and Smith was caught in a rundown and tagged out by Fingers. Mike Easler walked and Mike Schmidt homered off Fingers to give the National League their winning runs.", "On May 27, Broussard signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees, but was released on June 10. He signed a minor league deal with the Chicago Cubs on June 12. He returned to the Yankees on July 4 and became a free agent after the season. On February 10, 2009 he signed a minor league deal with the Chicago White Sox but was released soon after. He later retired. Broussard signed in 2013 with the Mexico City Red Devils. Broussard is one of only five Major League Baseball players to hit two pinch-hit grand slams in the same season. The others are Davey Johnson of the Philadelphia Phillies, Mike Ivie of the San Francisco Giants, Darryl Strawberry of the New York Yankees, and Brooks Conrad of the Atlanta Braves. Broussard started playing guitar at the age of 15 and played in a grunge cover band while attending college. Despite playing baseball left-handed, Broussard plays the guitar right-handed. Broussard got his professional music career start after appearing on the album, \" Oh Say Can You Sing?\", a compilation of Major League Baseball players singing their favorite songs. Other big league players on the album included Jimmy Rollins, Sean Casey and Ozzie Smith. He released a self-titled debut album in 2005. Two of his songs were featured in 2005 episodes of A&E's series \" Dog The Bounty Hunter\". His songs \"105\" and \"Hold on To Me\" were featured in episodes of The N network's \"South of Nowhere\". \"Deep\", another of his songs, was used in a commercial advertising the show. Broussard released his second full-length album, \"Renovated\" in 2009. Broussard said this about changing his career path to a professional musician: Broussard resides in Austin, Texas during the off season.", "The one candidate who received at least 75% of the vote and was elected is indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in \"italics\". The 8 candidates who received less than 5% of the vote, thus becoming ineligible for future BBWAA consideration, are indicated with an asterisk (*). Luis Tiant was on the ballot for the 15th and final time. The newly-eligible players included twelve All-Stars, one of whom (Steve Howe) was not on the ballot, representing a total of 49 All-Star selections. Among the candidates were 15-time All Star Ozzie Smith, 8-time All Star Andre Dawson, 6-time All-Star Alan Trammell and 5-time All Star Tim Wallach. The field also included two Rookies of the Year (Dawson and Steve Howe), one Cy Young Award winner (Frank Viola) and one MVP (Dawson). Finally, Ozzie Smith holds the record for Gold Gloves at Shortstop, with thirteen. Players eligible for the first time who were \"not\" included on the ballot were: Mike Aldrete, Joe Boever, Chris Bosio, Mark Carreon, Rob Deer, Mark Eichhorn, F\u00e9lix Ferm\u00edn, Marvin Freeman, Lee Guetterman, Chris Gwynn, John Habyan, Mel Hall, Steve Howe, Dion James, Mike Kingery, Kirk McCaskill, Roger McDowell, Rich Monteleone, Jeff Parrett, Alejandro Pe\u00f1a, Dick Schofield, Zane Smith, Milt Thompson, and Dave Valle. Joe Falls received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. (The award was voted at the December 2001 meeting of the BBWAA, dated 2001, and conferred in the summer 2002 ceremonies.)", "1985 St. Louis Cardinals season The St. Louis Cardinals' 1985 season was the team's 104th season in St. Louis, Missouri and the 94th season in the National League. The Cardinals went 101-61 during the season and finished in first place in the National League East division by three games over the New York Mets. After defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in six games in the NLCS, they lost in seven games in the World Series to their cross-state rivals, the Kansas City Royals in the I-70 Series. The World Series is known for the infamous \"safe\" call on the Royals' Jorge Orta by umpire Don Denkinger. The Cardinals switched back to their traditional gray road uniforms for the first time in ten seasons. Outfielder Willie McGee won the National League MVP Award this year, batting .353 with 10 home runs and 82 RBIs. Outfielder Vince Coleman won the National League Rookie of the Year Award this year, batting .267 with 107 runs scored and 110 stolen bases. Shortstop Ozzie Smith and McGee both won Gold Gloves this year. During the 1985 playoffs, the Cardinals used the slogan The Heat Is On, in reference to the song that was released earlier that year. \"Note: Pos = position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  The NLCS against the Dodgers featured two game-winning home runs by shortstop Ozzie Smith in Game 5 and first baseman Jack Clark in Game 6, both off Dodgers reliever Tom Niedenfuer. In a rare display of power-hitting, Smith hit his in walk-off fashion in the bottom of the ninth inning, prompting the famous call of \"Go crazy, folks! Go crazy!\" by Jack Buck.", "With Willie McGee on first and attempting to steal, Brewers catcher Ted Simmons took a pitch-out but bobbled the ball allowing McGee to steal second. After a walk to Ozzie Smith, Moose Haas' wild pitch moved McGee to third and Smith to second. Tommy Herr hit a deep fly. McGee scored easily and Smith took advantage of center fielder Gorman Thomas slipping and falling on the warning track and never stopped, scoring behind McGee for a two-run sacrifice fly for Herr. Ken Oberkfell followed with a walk, stole second and came home when a Keith Hernandez grounder went through Gantner's legs. The Cardinals scored three times despite only one base hit. In the Brewers half of the fifth, with none out and runners at first and third, Ozzie Smith made one of his famous \"Wizard of Oz\" plays. Gantner hit a ground ball through the middle towards center field. Smith, though off-balance, stabbed at the ball while simultaneously stepping on second base, recovered and fired to first to double up Gantner. In the seventh, things fell apart. With one out, Oglivie reached first when first baseman Keith Hernandez's toss to LaPoint was dropped. LaPoint was relieved by Doug Bair after giving up a two-out RBI (unearned) double to Gantner. Before relieved by Jim Kaat, Bair walked Molitor and gave up a bases-loaded, two-run (both unearned) single to Yount. An RBI single by Cecil Cooper and a wild pitch brought in the fourth Cardinals pitcher, Jeff Lahti. Lahti intentionally walked (charged to Kaat) Simmons and gave up another bases-loaded, two-run single to Thomas. Lahti issued another intentional walk to Oglivie then induced a fly out to left field to end this inning."], "answer": {"text": "the rotator cuff tear subsequently developed.", "answer_start": 349}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Ozzie Smith play for in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any  awards during this time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did they win?", "answer": {"text": "team won 101 games", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his batting average?", "answer": {"text": "a .276 batting average,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any home runs?", "answer": {"text": "who had never hit a home run in his previous 3,009 left-handed major league at-bats,", "answer_start": 537, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play in the World Series?", "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals moved on to face the Kansas City Royals in the 1985 World Series.", "answer_start": 1153, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#0", "question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "rewrite": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": [", Winnie reads it aloud for him (one word at a time and stumbling over the hard ones), whilst Josh falls asleep. Tiffany leaves Josh his sandwich, which Winnie takes a bite from before putting it back in the package. Driven from the kitchen by Josh's snoring, Winnie returns to the living room, sitting on the one part of the sofa not soaked when her mother's waters broke. Before her eyes, Kevin comforts Tiffany from the earlier insults, then they move on to pet names of \"Big Bear\" and \"Ickle Tiffy\" before heading for the bedroom. She continues writing until Paula arrives. Winnie speaks to her in French, and Paula responds likewise. She assumed Winnie has peed on the sofa before Winnie explains, whereupon Paula apologises for losing her temper, acknowledges it is her bad habit and promises not to do it again. She then takes Winnie on a hunt for Kevin, and instead finds Josh asleep in the kitchen. Josh, correctly guessing where Kevin has gone, tries to bluff Paula away from looking upstairs, but when Winnie says what happened in French and Josh asks what she said, a furious Paula say, \u201cEnough.\u201d Winnie sees Paula escort Tiffany outside, with Tiffany covered only in a bedsheet \u2013 which Paula retains after pushing her through the door. Ignoring Tiffany's pleas about the cold, Paula then return upstairs. Moments later, Josh helps a bleeding Kevin outside, Kevin having been hit of the head with Paula's BAFTA. Paula apologises again to Winnie for losing her temper twice, and then, leaving Winnie just enough time to finish her essay, before taking Winnie to the hospital. In hospital, both Laverne and the newborn baby are fine. Paula leaves them, explains she need to attend to another patient with a head injury.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment (August 1963 - February 1990). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world. She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid. In a leaked letter to Jacob Zuma in October 2008, outgoing President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC had created for her in their anti-apartheid activism:  In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system. Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault.", "(the sentences were commuted following the abolition of the death penalty in South Africa). However, Asvat's family found that no money had been taken, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the police were negligent in hastily ascribing a motive of robbery to the attack, and for failing to thoroughly investigate the attack. Within days of Asvat's killing, rumours began to circulate linking his death to Winnie Mandela. Asvat and Winnie Mandela had first made contact during one of Asvat's rural clinics in Brandfort, where she had been banished by the apartheid government. Asvat and Winnie Mandela established a soup kitchen and clinic, and he assumed responsibility for her care, with Asvat sometimes driving to Brandfort in the middle of the night to treat her. Mandela would regularly dine with the Asvat family after she returned to Soweto from Brandfort, and attended parties at the Asvat home. Soon after Asvat's murder, Winnie Mandela gave an interview to a Sunday newspaper claiming that he was killed because he could corroborate (baseless) allegations that Methodist minister Paul Verryn had molested Stompie Seipei. However, media sources soon began to report on rumours that Asvat had been killed at the behest of Winnie Mandela, as he had examined the boy, and insisted that he be taken to hospital due to the severity of his injuries following the assaults by Mandela's security detail, thus making Asvat's death part of an alleged cover-up orchestrated by Winnie Mandela. In 2018 a new biography of Winnie Mandela by Fred Brigland argued that she was behind the murder of Asvat.", "Real Gone Woody Real Gone Woody is the 58th animated cartoon short subject in the \"Woody Woodpecker\" series. Released theatrically on September 20, 1954, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal-International. Woody asks Winnie if she would like to go to the sock hop with him. She accepts, and Woody goes off to prepare for their date. Meanwhile, Buzz calls Winnie up to ask her to the sock hop, only to find she is already going with Woody. However, Winnie agrees that if Woody does not show up, she will go with Buzz. Buzz gets himself ready for the date, and beats Woody to Winnie's house. As Buzz and Winnie dance, Woody comes through the door and gets into a fight with Buzz. Winnie tells them to stop or she will not go with either one of them. She then suggest that all three of them go together, but once the trio gets outside Woody takes Winnie himself and ditches Buzz. Woody and Winnie make it to the sock hop, where they hear a singer sing. Winnie likes the guy's singing, but Woody does not care for it. As Woody and Winnie dance, Buzz shows up and succeeds in disposing of Woody. The buzzard then takes Winnie to a drive-in restaurant to buy her a soda and a banana split for himself. Woody, dressed as a waitress, gives Buzz an explosive banana split. The two begin to fight once again, only to find Winnie riding away with the singer from the sock hop. \"Real Gone Woody\" features the only animated appearance by Woody's girlfriend, Winnie Woodpecker, in his theatrical series (\"International Woodpecker\" is not counted because she made a double cameo, just to help on Woody's storytelling). Winnie's other appearances were in merchandise and comic stories."], "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#1", "question": "And what else?", "rewrite": "Besides being regularly detained by the National Party government, tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, and held in solitary confinement for over a year, what else happened to Winnie during apartheid?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Based on these provisions, many members of the UN began to believe that solitary confinement's detrimental psychological effects could, indeed, constitute cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, if not, torture. In the years following the CAT, UN representatives \"have publicly decried the use of solitary confinement as a violation of the CAT and ICCPR,\" as well as the UDHR. In more recent years, UN representatives have strengthened their efforts to stop solitary confinement from being used worldwide. The urgency with which representatives have undertaken these efforts is largely due to the UN Special Rapporteurs on Torture, Manfred Nowak and Juan M\u00e9ndez. Nowak and M\u00e9ndez have both \"repeatedly unequivocally stated that prolonged solitary confinement is cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, and may amount to torture\". Nowak and M\u00e9ndez have been especially critical of long-term or prolonged solitary confinement, which they define as lasting fifteen days or more. Their authority and explicit characterization of solitary confinement as cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment has led the UN to include long-term to indefinite solitary confinement in the group of practices that violate the provisions outlined in the UDHR, ICCPR, and CAT. Solitary confinement lasting for a short period of time, however, is allowed under international law when used as a last resort, though Nowak, Mendez, and many other UN representatives believe that the practice should be abolished altogether. In the U.S., opponents of solitary confinement have argued (with varying success) that the practice violates prisoners\u2019 Constitutional rights. Despite the long history of litigation over the practice, the Supreme Court has yet to definitively state whether or not solitary confinement is unconstitutional. The Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of long-term solitary confinement only once in the \u2018\u2018Wilkinson v. Austin'\u2019 case.", "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment (August 1963 - February 1990). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world. She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid. In a leaked letter to Jacob Zuma in October 2008, outgoing President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC had created for her in their anti-apartheid activism:  In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system. Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault.", "further complicates inmates\u2019 ability to claim that solitary confinement's psychological damage constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. Section 1997e(e) of the PLRA states that This demonstrates that the Eighth Amendment provides \u201cgreater protection\u201d against physical injury than against mental pain. Therefore, unless a prisoner can demonstrate physical injury as a result of solitary confinement, he or she is unable to recover damages for any \u201cmental or emotional injury\u201d the confinement causes. As a result, the Eighth Amendment has not always been proven to be the most effective approach to argue against the practice of solitary confinement. Litigating against solitary confinement on the basis of the Fourteenth Amendment and due process is another less common strategy inmates have used. The Fourteenth Amendment limits the \u201ctypes of prisoners\u201d that can be placed in solitary confinement and the time the prisoners can be confined. The due process clause within the Fourteenth Amendment also regulates solitary confinement in that prisoners must be given reviews before and during their placement in solitary confinement. Court cases made on these bases do not necessarily address any \u201cunderlying problems\u201d of solitary confinement, but they do call for increased monitoring, hearing, and reviews. Inmates who are placed in solitary confinement \u201cmust be accorded meaningful periodic review to ensure that segregation [solitary confinement] is not a \u2018pretext for indefinite confinement\u2019\u201d. As Jules Lobel, professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, explains, Lobel contends that the trend in U.S. supermax prisons is to not submit these reviews at all or to provide a review with a predetermined outcome to keep the prisoner in solitary confinement. If this is indeed the case, then such inmates\u2019 due process rights are violated.", "This article proposes the idea that some inmates have inherent characteristics that allow them to better adapt to solitary confinement while others do not, similar to the ability to adapt to any new environment. Furthermore, it showed that the majority of inmates adapted to solitary confinement within a few days finding ways to pass time such as sleeping, thinking about the future, and exercising. This article argues that this study gives a better representation of the effects of solitary confinement as it claims the participants are average inmates in traditional solitary confinement conditions, rather than controlled experimental conditions. The conclusions drawn from this study include the argument of consistency; that in order to prove that solitary confinement is harmful to inmates, there needs to be some sort of consistent negative result and their findings do not match this. It should be emphasized that these studies were conducted in 1963 and 1982, respectively. Proponents of solitary confinement propound that solitary confinement can improve the safety of inmates and prison staff. Earlier justifications for solitary confinement in the mid 20th century included protection for a prisoner whose sexual orientation, religion, or race were far too different and seen as vulnerable to attack from fellow inmates. Maintaining a sense of order is the main job of correctional officers, and having solitary confinement gives them a resource to control and punish offensive or prohibited behaviors of inmates. This also allows for solitary confinement to act as a deterrent to incarcerated people as they may want to avoid acting out in order to not end up in isolation. Critically, penitentiaries were created and named under the root word \"penitence\", and giving prisoners a space where they are forced to be alone with their thoughts is seen as a way to reform their character and promote their penitence. While studies have shown the effects of solitary confinement to be detrimental to all inmates, solitary confinement of women has particular consequences for women that may differ from the way it affects men.", "These alternative methods suggest a more restorative justice approach to handling high-security offenders. Many states such as Colorado, Mississippi, and Maine have implemented plans to reduce use of supermax prisons and solitary confinement and have begun to show signs of reform. Joseph Ponte, Corrections Commissioner of Maine, cut supermax prison population by half. Colorado has announced reforms to limit the use of solitary confinement in prisons following a study that showed significant levels of confinement and isolation in prisons. Washington has also showed signs of decreased use of solitary confinement, low segregation of overall prison population, and emphasis on alternative methods. There have been studies that have shown no difference between inmates in solitary confinement and those in normal lockup. For example, \"Effect of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners\" examines a study that compared twenty prison inmates that were put into isolation to twenty inmates from general population that were used as the controls. The subjects were tested immediately before and after being put into isolation and the results showed that although there was a slight difference in subjective feelings, there were no mental or psychomotor changes. \" Effect of Solitary Confinement on Prisoners\" argues that the negative effects of solitary have often been overemphasized and that the reason these negative findings are often reported is due to the characteristic difference between those who end up in solitary confinement and those who do not. \"Reactions and Attributes of Prisoners in Solitary Confinement,\" analyzes multiple studies conducted at different prisons throughout the United States. There was no difference found in the stress levels between the inmates inside of solitary confinement and those in general lockup according to this study. Interviews were conducted that showed that inmates had a fear of the mental effects that solitary confinement would have, but that mental harm rarely occurred. There was also no significant difference between the results of the CPI Scale between the control and the experimental group according to \"Reactions and Attributes of Prisoners in Solitary Confinement.\""], "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#2", "question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "rewrite": "What did Winnie do to fight Apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chris Hani Chris Hani (28 June 1942 \u2013 10 April 1993), born Martin Thembisile Hani, was the leader of the South African Communist Party and chief of staff of uMkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress (ANC). He was a fierce opponent of the apartheid government, and was assassinated on 10 April 1993. Thembisile Hani was born on 28 June 1942 in the small town of Cofimvaba, Transkei. He was the fifth of six children. He attended Lovedale school in 1957, to finish his last two years. He twice finished two school grades in a single year. When Hani was 12 years old, after hearing his father's explanations about apartheid and the African National Congress, he wished to join the ANC but was still too young to be accepted. In Lovedale school, Hani joined the ANC Youth League when he was 15 years old, even though political activities were not allowed at black schools under apartheid. He influenced other students to join the ANC. In 1959, at the University of Fort Hare in Alice, Eastern Cape, Hani studied English, Latin and modern and classical literature. He did not participate in any sport, saying \"I would rather fight apartheid than play sport\". Hani, in an interview on the Wankie campaign, mentioned that he was a Rhodes University graduate. At age 15 he joined the ANC Youth League. As a student he was active in protests against the Bantu Education Act. He worked as a clerk for a law firm. Following his graduation, he joined Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the armed wing of the ANC. Following his arrest under the Suppression of Communism Act, he went into exile in Lesotho in 1963.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Following his deportation to South Africa, Gerhardt and his wife were tried \"in camera\" in the Cape Town Supreme Court, with the prospect of a death sentence being handed down for high treason. In his trial, Gerhardt stated that the repulsion he felt towards his father's right-wing political beliefs drove him to fight apartheid in serving the USSR. According to Gerhardt, he deliberately attempted to sow confusion in the trial by stating in his defence that he had spied for an unnamed third country that was not hostile to South Africa. His first wife described him as a \"traditional apartheid-accepting South African\"; he had told her that he wanted revenge against the South African government for interning his father, a Nazi sympathizer, during World War II. Ruth Gerhardt claimed in her defence that she thought he was a double agent working for South Africa. Judge George Munnik sentenced him to life imprisonment in December 1983, while his wife Ruth received a 10-year sentence for acting as a courier. The judge said that he would have passed the death sentence on Gerhardt that the prosecution sought if the information he had passed to the Soviet Union had led to the death of a South African soldier. Ruth Gerhardt served her sentence together with Barbara Hogan and other anti-apartheid dissidents. In 1988, she attempted to gain her freedom by renouncing violence, and thereby take advantage of an offer made by PW Botha to political prisoners like Nelson Mandela, however the request was turned down by Justice Goldstone. Dieter Gerhardt was one of the imprisoned spies who was mooted for inclusion in a 1989 East-West prisoner exchange amongst a number of countries that did not materialise. In 1990 when FW de Klerk unbanned organisations such as the ANC and released political prisoners like Nelson Mandela, Gerhardt was not one of those who was freed.", "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment (August 1963 - February 1990). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world. She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid. In a leaked letter to Jacob Zuma in October 2008, outgoing President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC had created for her in their anti-apartheid activism:  In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system. Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault.", "During the apartheid era, many Pentecostal leaders tried to stay out of politics. But a few, mostly black, Pentecostal leaders became politically active to fight apartheid. Such as Frank Chikane, a black Pentecostal member of the Apostolic Faith Mission, who joins the Student Christian Movement in the 1970s to help guide them towards political activism. Between 1977 and 1982, Chikane was arrested four times. During one of these, he was interrogated and tortured by a member of his own church. In 1981, Chikane was suspended by the Apostolic Faith Mission and was not reinstated until 1990. In 1987, Chikane became the general secretary of the South African Council of Churches where he serves as mediator between the government and the African National Congress (ANC). In 1985, Chikane and a group of other anti-apartheid church leaders create a group called Concerned Evangelicals. Concerned Evangelicals published papers denouncing apartheid, including the Kairos Document in 1985, and the Evangelical Witness in South Africa in 1986, of which, half of the signers were Pentecostal. in 1988, a Pentecostal organization called the Relevant Pentecostal Witness published an anti-apartheid paper and in 1994, these two organizations join to form The Evangelical Alliance of South Africa. Ray McCauley of the mostly white, neo-Pentecostal Rhema Church, starts becoming involved in politics near the end of apartheid. in 1990, McCauley and representatives from 97 other churches sign the anti-apartheid Rustenburg Declaration. In 1991, McCauley and Chikane serve on the National Peace Accord. The Apostolic Faith Mission began in 1908 when John Lake and Thomas Hezmalhalch came from William Seymour's Azusa Street Mission to convert in South Africa. The Apostolic Faith Mission grew quickly, but soon became racially segregated."], "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#3", "question": "Except what happened?", "rewrite": "Except what happened to Winnie?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Typhoon Winnie (1997) Typhoon Winnie, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ibiang is regarded as being the worst tropical cyclone to impact the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, and Shandong in 200 years. Originating from an area of low pressure over the Pacific Ocean on August 5, 1997, the system organized into a tropical depression. It headed northwestward, slowly strengthening into a tropical storm on the August 9. Intensification became more rapid as conditions became more favorable, and Winnie reached typhoon strength on the August 10. On August 12, 1997, Winnie attained Super Typhoon status, with peak 1-minute sustained winds of 160 mph. Winnie then weakened and passed north of Taiwan, before making landfall in Eastern China at Category 1-equivalent typhoon strength on the August 18. Winnie continued northeastward over land while weakening, bringing heavy rainfall, before dissipating on August 23. Winnie is also tied with Typhoon Carmen in 1960 for having the largest eye on record, at 230 mi (370 km) in diameter. On August 5, an area of low pressure formed near the Marshall Islands. The low headed northwestward while gradually organizing, strengthening into a tropical depression on the next day, with the JTWC assigning the storm the identifier \"14W\". Tropical Depression 14W subsequently strengthened into Tropical Storm Winnie on August 9. Intensification became more rapid as conditions became more favorable, and Winnie reached typhoon strength on August 10. Two days later, Winnie became the 4th Super Typhoon of the season, with peak 1-minute sustained winds of 160 mph. Soon afterward, the eye became ragged and large, with an outer eyewall reaching 230 miles (320 km) in diameter. On August 18, Typhoon Winnie passed north of Taiwan and made landfall in eastern China, where it winded down until it degenerated into a remnant low on August 20.", "Real Gone Woody Real Gone Woody is the 58th animated cartoon short subject in the \"Woody Woodpecker\" series. Released theatrically on September 20, 1954, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal-International. Woody asks Winnie if she would like to go to the sock hop with him. She accepts, and Woody goes off to prepare for their date. Meanwhile, Buzz calls Winnie up to ask her to the sock hop, only to find she is already going with Woody. However, Winnie agrees that if Woody does not show up, she will go with Buzz. Buzz gets himself ready for the date, and beats Woody to Winnie's house. As Buzz and Winnie dance, Woody comes through the door and gets into a fight with Buzz. Winnie tells them to stop or she will not go with either one of them. She then suggest that all three of them go together, but once the trio gets outside Woody takes Winnie himself and ditches Buzz. Woody and Winnie make it to the sock hop, where they hear a singer sing. Winnie likes the guy's singing, but Woody does not care for it. As Woody and Winnie dance, Buzz shows up and succeeds in disposing of Woody. The buzzard then takes Winnie to a drive-in restaurant to buy her a soda and a banana split for himself. Woody, dressed as a waitress, gives Buzz an explosive banana split. The two begin to fight once again, only to find Winnie riding away with the singer from the sock hop. \"Real Gone Woody\" features the only animated appearance by Woody's girlfriend, Winnie Woodpecker, in his theatrical series (\"International Woodpecker\" is not counted because she made a double cameo, just to help on Woody's storytelling). Winnie's other appearances were in merchandise and comic stories.", "Tiffany gazes adoringly, mouthing his words, whilst Winnie gets bored and balances a pencil of her head. Tiffany has just pointed herself out when the DVD is interrupted by Paula, who describes Tiffany as the fat one by the pool and say that she and Kevin have been \u201cfucking each other's brains out\u201d. A distraught Tiffany (upset mainly for being called fat) takes Winnie away into the kitchen and gets Kevin. Laverne promises to read Winnie's essay after work and keep cleaning. Josh then arrives, summoned by Kevin's emergency. Both, mistakenly believing Winnie only speaks French (even with an English-speaking mother), discuss the messy details in front of her. Paula's appearance is on the whole batch of DVDs \u2013 something she is adept at, having previously won a BAFTA for editing. With both men having defunct marriages, they agree that Paula is genetically inclined to violence. Josh is left alone with Winnie. Worse for wear, he talks about his relationship with his teenage daughter, who he now barely sees. Assuming Winnie hasn't understood this, he dissolves into tears. Winnie, meanwhile, writes down everything Kevin and Josh said. Laverne then cries out in pain, having gone into labour early. In spite Laverne's reassurances she'll be all right, a worried Winnie suddenly gives her mother a hug. Left alone for the afternoon, Kevin, Josh and Tiffany approach Winnie with exaggerated kindness. Kevin explains that they will look after her until her neighbour can collect her, but his patience swiftly wears thin when he discovers there is no lunch. Tiffany goes for sandwiches whilst a famished Josh tries to persuade Winnie to give him one of her biscuits, and when that fails, tries to pinch one only to be caught red-handed. Feigning interest in the book Winnie is reading, \"The Secret Garden\"", "The Winnie Years The Winnie Years is an ongoing series of children's fiction novels by American author Lauren Myracle. The first entry in the series, \"Eleven\", was published on February 9, 2004 through Dutton Juvenile and focuses on the angst and everyday problems of tween Winnie Perry. Of the books in the series, Myracle stated that they were her \"most autobiographical books\" in that she drew heavily upon her own experiences as a tween. The author has admitted that her son Jamie is the basis for the character of Ty, Winnie's younger brother, and that she has plans for a spinoff series surrounding the character. \"Ten\" is a prequel to the series and follows Winnie as she turns ten. Excited over the new responsibilities and changes that will come with her new age, the book chronicles Winnie's adventures and misadventures with her family and friends. Winnie overcomes challenges and really gets a taste of what it's like to be a 'pre-teen'  \"Eleven\" follows Winnie as she deals with more changes, one of which concerns her best friend Amanda potentially losing interest in their friendship in favor of someone else. On top of this Winnie also has to deal with her cranky older sister and an ill crush. Sick of the issues and problems that come with getting older, Winnie vows that she won't go through any changes, despite life having other plans for her. \"Twelve\" follows Winnie as she deals with puberty and other issues. Last year she lost her former best friend Amanda to the school's mean girl, but made a new friend in Dinah. This year she has to deal with issues such as getting her ears pierced, going to junior high, and her feelings over developing breasts and having to go bra shopping with her mother.", ", Winnie reads it aloud for him (one word at a time and stumbling over the hard ones), whilst Josh falls asleep. Tiffany leaves Josh his sandwich, which Winnie takes a bite from before putting it back in the package. Driven from the kitchen by Josh's snoring, Winnie returns to the living room, sitting on the one part of the sofa not soaked when her mother's waters broke. Before her eyes, Kevin comforts Tiffany from the earlier insults, then they move on to pet names of \"Big Bear\" and \"Ickle Tiffy\" before heading for the bedroom. She continues writing until Paula arrives. Winnie speaks to her in French, and Paula responds likewise. She assumed Winnie has peed on the sofa before Winnie explains, whereupon Paula apologises for losing her temper, acknowledges it is her bad habit and promises not to do it again. She then takes Winnie on a hunt for Kevin, and instead finds Josh asleep in the kitchen. Josh, correctly guessing where Kevin has gone, tries to bluff Paula away from looking upstairs, but when Winnie says what happened in French and Josh asks what she said, a furious Paula say, \u201cEnough.\u201d Winnie sees Paula escort Tiffany outside, with Tiffany covered only in a bedsheet \u2013 which Paula retains after pushing her through the door. Ignoring Tiffany's pleas about the cold, Paula then return upstairs. Moments later, Josh helps a bleeding Kevin outside, Kevin having been hit of the head with Paula's BAFTA. Paula apologises again to Winnie for losing her temper twice, and then, leaving Winnie just enough time to finish her essay, before taking Winnie to the hospital. In hospital, both Laverne and the newborn baby are fine. Paula leaves them, explains she need to attend to another patient with a head injury."], "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#4", "question": "Why did she go to prison?", "rewrite": "Why did Winnie go to prison?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The lyrics of \"The Pan Within\" are partly derived from meditation techniques (\"Close your eyes / Breathe slow / And we'll begin\"). It was the first of two Waterboys songs about the Ancient Greek god Pan, which have been played as a medley at Waterboys concerts. Scott describes the song's guitar solo as \"[consisting] of a series of phrases or lines/melodies that generally build in an order (which may change), though which includes a lot of improvisation which is different each night. The lines have never been 'tabbed' or written down... The song is in the key of A-minor (the chords under the solo are F \u2013 Em \u2013 Am \u2013 Am repeated)\". The second Pan song, \"The Return of Pan\", appears on the album \"Dream Harder\". \" The Pan Within\" is the first Waterboys song to feature Wickham's fiddle playing. It was selected as one of DWXB-FM's Hits of 1986. In Southeast Asia, particularly in the Philippines, when the New Wave era started in 1985, the group's biggest hit single is \"The Pan Within\", aside from \"The Whole Of The Moon\" and \"Don't Bang The Drum\". An alternative version of \"Medicine Bow\" was released as a single in Germany, with an instrumental version of \"Don't Bang the Drum\" for the 7-inch. The 12-inch contained another mix of \"Medicine Bow\" and \"Ways of Men\". Scott writes that he invented the name, and was unaware of Medicine Bow, Wyoming. The album's re-release contains a \"full length\" version of the song that contains an instrumental \"piano storm \u2013 from first sonic droplets of rain to final crashing thunder and lightning\" performed by Adrian Johnston.", "The Winnie Years The Winnie Years is an ongoing series of children's fiction novels by American author Lauren Myracle. The first entry in the series, \"Eleven\", was published on February 9, 2004 through Dutton Juvenile and focuses on the angst and everyday problems of tween Winnie Perry. Of the books in the series, Myracle stated that they were her \"most autobiographical books\" in that she drew heavily upon her own experiences as a tween. The author has admitted that her son Jamie is the basis for the character of Ty, Winnie's younger brother, and that she has plans for a spinoff series surrounding the character. \"Ten\" is a prequel to the series and follows Winnie as she turns ten. Excited over the new responsibilities and changes that will come with her new age, the book chronicles Winnie's adventures and misadventures with her family and friends. Winnie overcomes challenges and really gets a taste of what it's like to be a 'pre-teen'  \"Eleven\" follows Winnie as she deals with more changes, one of which concerns her best friend Amanda potentially losing interest in their friendship in favor of someone else. On top of this Winnie also has to deal with her cranky older sister and an ill crush. Sick of the issues and problems that come with getting older, Winnie vows that she won't go through any changes, despite life having other plans for her. \"Twelve\" follows Winnie as she deals with puberty and other issues. Last year she lost her former best friend Amanda to the school's mean girl, but made a new friend in Dinah. This year she has to deal with issues such as getting her ears pierced, going to junior high, and her feelings over developing breasts and having to go bra shopping with her mother.", "In the end, she manages to get her computer and Wilbur back and decides to keep her magic wand and her book of spells! Winnie and her cat Wilbur are woken up in the night by a baby dragon. The dragon sets Winnie's broomstick on fire. Winnie casts a spell to stop the baby dragon breathing fire; unfortunately now he breathes butterflies instead. Wilbur and the baby dragon chase the butterflies, causing much damage to Winnie's house. Winnie chases them to the roof and casts a spell to make a full moon. This allows the baby dragon's mother to see him and she comes to collect him. The dragons fly off and Wilbur and Winnie go to bed.", "Real Gone Woody Real Gone Woody is the 58th animated cartoon short subject in the \"Woody Woodpecker\" series. Released theatrically on September 20, 1954, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal-International. Woody asks Winnie if she would like to go to the sock hop with him. She accepts, and Woody goes off to prepare for their date. Meanwhile, Buzz calls Winnie up to ask her to the sock hop, only to find she is already going with Woody. However, Winnie agrees that if Woody does not show up, she will go with Buzz. Buzz gets himself ready for the date, and beats Woody to Winnie's house. As Buzz and Winnie dance, Woody comes through the door and gets into a fight with Buzz. Winnie tells them to stop or she will not go with either one of them. She then suggest that all three of them go together, but once the trio gets outside Woody takes Winnie himself and ditches Buzz. Woody and Winnie make it to the sock hop, where they hear a singer sing. Winnie likes the guy's singing, but Woody does not care for it. As Woody and Winnie dance, Buzz shows up and succeeds in disposing of Woody. The buzzard then takes Winnie to a drive-in restaurant to buy her a soda and a banana split for himself. Woody, dressed as a waitress, gives Buzz an explosive banana split. The two begin to fight once again, only to find Winnie riding away with the singer from the sock hop. \"Real Gone Woody\" features the only animated appearance by Woody's girlfriend, Winnie Woodpecker, in his theatrical series (\"International Woodpecker\" is not counted because she made a double cameo, just to help on Woody's storytelling). Winnie's other appearances were in merchandise and comic stories.", "While going to wash dishes, Linda and Be Be find Boar's body, and the latter is captured by the bandaged man. After Linda tells the others what happened, Soldier goes off to find Be Be, eventually stumbling onto the killer's lair, where he is killed with his own knife. The next to die is Blowie, who goes off alone to find a cell phone he and Pervert had earlier lost. The killer gives chase to the other campers, but loses them, so he returns home, and decapitates Be Be when she rejects his son's advances. When a fight breaks out between the remaining campers, they become separated, and Winnie and Linda are captured. Professor and Ken find the killer's home by following his oblivious son, and rescue the girls by taking the son hostage. As the group is escaping, Professor triggers the reset punji sticks, and he and the son are killed by them. The next day, Ken and the two girls lure the killer into a trap they have set, a snare which swings him into tent spikes embedded in a tree. As the trio celebrate their victory, the killer's previously unseen wife appears, and slices Linda's neck open with her husband's dropped chainsaw. The wife chases Ken to a cliff, which he knocks her off of. With every member of the deranged family apparently dead, Ken and Winnie go back to their campsite, just as their boat arrives. After Ken and Winnie board the boat, the wife's hand shoots out of the water, and grabs the side of it. Beyond Hollywood wrote that \"The Deadly Camp\" was an enjoyable film with interesting villains, amusing characters and a plot that, while generic and clich\u00e9d, was refreshingly lacking in the pretension found in most post-\"Scream\" slasher films."], "answer": {"text": "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Except what happened?", "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#5", "question": "How was she involved in politics?", "rewrite": "How was Winnie involved in politics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Typhoon Winnie (1997) Typhoon Winnie, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ibiang is regarded as being the worst tropical cyclone to impact the Chinese provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, and Shandong in 200 years. Originating from an area of low pressure over the Pacific Ocean on August 5, 1997, the system organized into a tropical depression. It headed northwestward, slowly strengthening into a tropical storm on the August 9. Intensification became more rapid as conditions became more favorable, and Winnie reached typhoon strength on the August 10. On August 12, 1997, Winnie attained Super Typhoon status, with peak 1-minute sustained winds of 160 mph. Winnie then weakened and passed north of Taiwan, before making landfall in Eastern China at Category 1-equivalent typhoon strength on the August 18. Winnie continued northeastward over land while weakening, bringing heavy rainfall, before dissipating on August 23. Winnie is also tied with Typhoon Carmen in 1960 for having the largest eye on record, at 230 mi (370 km) in diameter. On August 5, an area of low pressure formed near the Marshall Islands. The low headed northwestward while gradually organizing, strengthening into a tropical depression on the next day, with the JTWC assigning the storm the identifier \"14W\". Tropical Depression 14W subsequently strengthened into Tropical Storm Winnie on August 9. Intensification became more rapid as conditions became more favorable, and Winnie reached typhoon strength on August 10. Two days later, Winnie became the 4th Super Typhoon of the season, with peak 1-minute sustained winds of 160 mph. Soon afterward, the eye became ragged and large, with an outer eyewall reaching 230 miles (320 km) in diameter. On August 18, Typhoon Winnie passed north of Taiwan and made landfall in eastern China, where it winded down until it degenerated into a remnant low on August 20.", "Real Gone Woody Real Gone Woody is the 58th animated cartoon short subject in the \"Woody Woodpecker\" series. Released theatrically on September 20, 1954, the film was produced by Walter Lantz Productions and distributed by Universal-International. Woody asks Winnie if she would like to go to the sock hop with him. She accepts, and Woody goes off to prepare for their date. Meanwhile, Buzz calls Winnie up to ask her to the sock hop, only to find she is already going with Woody. However, Winnie agrees that if Woody does not show up, she will go with Buzz. Buzz gets himself ready for the date, and beats Woody to Winnie's house. As Buzz and Winnie dance, Woody comes through the door and gets into a fight with Buzz. Winnie tells them to stop or she will not go with either one of them. She then suggest that all three of them go together, but once the trio gets outside Woody takes Winnie himself and ditches Buzz. Woody and Winnie make it to the sock hop, where they hear a singer sing. Winnie likes the guy's singing, but Woody does not care for it. As Woody and Winnie dance, Buzz shows up and succeeds in disposing of Woody. The buzzard then takes Winnie to a drive-in restaurant to buy her a soda and a banana split for himself. Woody, dressed as a waitress, gives Buzz an explosive banana split. The two begin to fight once again, only to find Winnie riding away with the singer from the sock hop. \"Real Gone Woody\" features the only animated appearance by Woody's girlfriend, Winnie Woodpecker, in his theatrical series (\"International Woodpecker\" is not counted because she made a double cameo, just to help on Woody's storytelling). Winnie's other appearances were in merchandise and comic stories.", "Tiffany gazes adoringly, mouthing his words, whilst Winnie gets bored and balances a pencil of her head. Tiffany has just pointed herself out when the DVD is interrupted by Paula, who describes Tiffany as the fat one by the pool and say that she and Kevin have been \u201cfucking each other's brains out\u201d. A distraught Tiffany (upset mainly for being called fat) takes Winnie away into the kitchen and gets Kevin. Laverne promises to read Winnie's essay after work and keep cleaning. Josh then arrives, summoned by Kevin's emergency. Both, mistakenly believing Winnie only speaks French (even with an English-speaking mother), discuss the messy details in front of her. Paula's appearance is on the whole batch of DVDs \u2013 something she is adept at, having previously won a BAFTA for editing. With both men having defunct marriages, they agree that Paula is genetically inclined to violence. Josh is left alone with Winnie. Worse for wear, he talks about his relationship with his teenage daughter, who he now barely sees. Assuming Winnie hasn't understood this, he dissolves into tears. Winnie, meanwhile, writes down everything Kevin and Josh said. Laverne then cries out in pain, having gone into labour early. In spite Laverne's reassurances she'll be all right, a worried Winnie suddenly gives her mother a hug. Left alone for the afternoon, Kevin, Josh and Tiffany approach Winnie with exaggerated kindness. Kevin explains that they will look after her until her neighbour can collect her, but his patience swiftly wears thin when he discovers there is no lunch. Tiffany goes for sandwiches whilst a famished Josh tries to persuade Winnie to give him one of her biscuits, and when that fails, tries to pinch one only to be caught red-handed. Feigning interest in the book Winnie is reading, \"The Secret Garden\"", ", Winnie reads it aloud for him (one word at a time and stumbling over the hard ones), whilst Josh falls asleep. Tiffany leaves Josh his sandwich, which Winnie takes a bite from before putting it back in the package. Driven from the kitchen by Josh's snoring, Winnie returns to the living room, sitting on the one part of the sofa not soaked when her mother's waters broke. Before her eyes, Kevin comforts Tiffany from the earlier insults, then they move on to pet names of \"Big Bear\" and \"Ickle Tiffy\" before heading for the bedroom. She continues writing until Paula arrives. Winnie speaks to her in French, and Paula responds likewise. She assumed Winnie has peed on the sofa before Winnie explains, whereupon Paula apologises for losing her temper, acknowledges it is her bad habit and promises not to do it again. She then takes Winnie on a hunt for Kevin, and instead finds Josh asleep in the kitchen. Josh, correctly guessing where Kevin has gone, tries to bluff Paula away from looking upstairs, but when Winnie says what happened in French and Josh asks what she said, a furious Paula say, \u201cEnough.\u201d Winnie sees Paula escort Tiffany outside, with Tiffany covered only in a bedsheet \u2013 which Paula retains after pushing her through the door. Ignoring Tiffany's pleas about the cold, Paula then return upstairs. Moments later, Josh helps a bleeding Kevin outside, Kevin having been hit of the head with Paula's BAFTA. Paula apologises again to Winnie for losing her temper twice, and then, leaving Winnie just enough time to finish her essay, before taking Winnie to the hospital. In hospital, both Laverne and the newborn baby are fine. Paula leaves them, explains she need to attend to another patient with a head injury.", "The Winnie Years The Winnie Years is an ongoing series of children's fiction novels by American author Lauren Myracle. The first entry in the series, \"Eleven\", was published on February 9, 2004 through Dutton Juvenile and focuses on the angst and everyday problems of tween Winnie Perry. Of the books in the series, Myracle stated that they were her \"most autobiographical books\" in that she drew heavily upon her own experiences as a tween. The author has admitted that her son Jamie is the basis for the character of Ty, Winnie's younger brother, and that she has plans for a spinoff series surrounding the character. \"Ten\" is a prequel to the series and follows Winnie as she turns ten. Excited over the new responsibilities and changes that will come with her new age, the book chronicles Winnie's adventures and misadventures with her family and friends. Winnie overcomes challenges and really gets a taste of what it's like to be a 'pre-teen'  \"Eleven\" follows Winnie as she deals with more changes, one of which concerns her best friend Amanda potentially losing interest in their friendship in favor of someone else. On top of this Winnie also has to deal with her cranky older sister and an ill crush. Sick of the issues and problems that come with getting older, Winnie vows that she won't go through any changes, despite life having other plans for her. \"Twelve\" follows Winnie as she deals with puberty and other issues. Last year she lost her former best friend Amanda to the school's mean girl, but made a new friend in Dinah. This year she has to deal with issues such as getting her ears pierced, going to junior high, and her feelings over developing breasts and having to go bra shopping with her mother."], "answer": {"text": "She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid.", "answer_start": 745}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Except what happened?", "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she go to prison?", "answer": {"text": "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#6", "question": "Did she get involved in any other ways?", "rewrite": "Besides organizing local clinics, campaigning actively for equal rights, and being promoted as a symbol of the struggle against apartheid, did Winnie get involved in politics in any other ways?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Longfeng Baochai Yuan Longfeng Baochai Yuan is a \"wuxia\" novel by Liang Yusheng. It was first serialised between 25 June 1964 and 15 May 1966 in the Hong Kong newspaper \"Ta Kung Pao\". The novel is the second part of a trilogy, and is preceded by \"Datang Youxia Zhuan\" and followed by \"Huijian Xinmo\". Previously in \"Datang Youxia Zhuan\", Duan Guizhang and Shi Yiru arranged for their respective children to be married if they were of opposite sexes. A pair of ornamental hairpins, the Dragon and Phoenix Precious Hairpins (\u9f8d\u9cf3\u5bf6\u91f5), were kept by both sides as a token of this agreement. The Duans kept the Dragon Hairpin while the Shi family kept the Phoenix Hairpin. Shi Yiru committed suicide to prevent himself from being a burden to his rescuers when he was held hostage by the ruthless warlord An Lushan; Duan Guizhang died in the Battle of Suiyang. Duan Guizhang's wife, Dou Xianniang, survived the battle but died of illness not long later. Duan Guizhang and Dou Xianniang's son, Duan Keye, was raised by Nan Jiyun's widow, Xia Lingshuang. Shi Yiru's daughter, Shi Ruomei, was renamed \"Xue Hongxian\" and adopted by Xue Song, a general under An Lushan. Xue Song later surrenders to the Tang government and becomes the \"jiedushi\" (military governor) of Luzhou. When Duan Keye turns 16, Xia Lingshuang relates his parents' story to him, passes him the Dragon Hairpin, and tells him to find his missing fianc\u00e9e and marry her.", "She also founded the Negro History Club at the Harlem Library and regularly attended lectures and meetings at the YWCA. During this time, Baker lived with and married her college sweetheart, T. J. (Bob) Roberts. They divorced in 1958. Ella Baker rarely discussed her private life or marital status. According to fellow activist, Bernice Johnson Reagon, many women within the Civil Rights Movement followed Baker's example, adopting a practice of dissemblance about their private lives that allowed them to be accepted as individuals within the movement. Baker befriended John Henrik Clarke, a future scholar and activist; Pauli Murray, a future writer and civil rights lawyer, and others who would become lifelong friends. The Harlem Renaissance influenced Baker in her thoughts and teachings. She advocated widespread, local action as a means of social change. Her emphasis on a grassroots approach to the struggle for equal rights influenced the growth and success of the modern civil rights movement of the mid-20th century. In 1938 Baker began her long association with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which was then based in New York City. In December 1940 she started work there as a secretary. She traveled widely for the organization, especially in the South, recruiting members, raising money, and organizing local chapters. She was named director of branches in 1943, and became the highest-ranking woman in the NAACP. An outspoken woman, Baker believed in egalitarian ideals. She pushed the NAACP to decentralize its leadership structure and to aid its membership in more activist campaigns at the local level. Baker believed that the strength of an organization grew from the bottom up and not the top down. She believed that the work of the branches was the NAACP's lifeblood. Baker despised elitism and placed her confidence in many.", "In 1869 he participated, with August Bebel, in the founding in Eisenach of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (\"Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands\" / SDAP), which turned out to be a precursor of the SPD. Shortly afterwards he established a local party branch in Crimmitschau, in 1868 dissolving the local to make way for the new SDAP. In May 1869 Motteler was a founder, in Leipzig, of the \"Trades Union of Manufacturing, Industrial and Craft workers of both sexes\" ( \"\"Gewerksgenossenschaft der Manufactur-, Fabrik- und Handarbeiter beiderlei Geschlechts\"\") which quickly became one of the country's largest trades unions, although it proved short-lived, being closed down by the police on 10 December 1878, after the legislators outlawed trades unions in 1878. Nevertheless, in the longer term this union can be seen as a forerunner of the founded in 1891 following the lifting of the Anti-Socialist Laws (although later closed down by the Nazis in 1933). In addition to campaigning actively for women's rights long before most of the issues involved found their way into mainstream socialist politics, Motteler also argued vehemently against the use of child labour in factories. He actively backed the creation of various consumer cooperatives, workers' associations and labour unions. With , in 1870 he founded a co-operative printing press to produce the \"Crimmitschau Citizens' and Farmers' Friend\" (\"\"Crimmitschauer B\u00fcrger- und Bauernfreund\"\"), identified by some as Germany's first regional Social Democratic newspaper. During the 1870s he was involved with the establishment of a printing co-operative in Leipzig between 1874 and 1876, and in Barmen in 1877.", "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment (August 1963 - February 1990). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world. She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid. In a leaked letter to Jacob Zuma in October 2008, outgoing President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC had created for her in their anti-apartheid activism:  In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system. Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault.", "Currently, LEGS technology is present in Bangladesh, Kenya, Senegal, and Sierra Leone in over a dozen local clinics within these countries. Each of these countries has international NGO partners who host LEGS when they are on the ground. Currently, LEGS does not fit patients; rather it \"teaches\" local clinicians how to manufacture the LEGS M1 knee using locally obtainable materials. LEGS evaluates sites that can best benefit from its technology, and then holds Demonstration Clinics and Technology Transfer Workshops to teach the manufacturing and technology of the LEGS knee most effectively. In the African Great Lakes, the LEGS team has had a relationship with AIC-Cure International in Kijabe, Kenya for five years. AIC-Cure International Children\u2019s Hospital fits both children and adults in need of above-knee prosthetic devices, and has done so since 1998. The LEGS team has fitted dozens of patients at AIC-Cure with the LEGS knee, and has begun to teach local clinicians how to manufacture the LEGS knee as the technology has improved. During the time spent in Kenya this past summer, the team held a Technology Demonstration. This is different from a workshop in that the team only presented the LEGS technology package, as the local clinics did not have a chance to produce their own knees. This approach was due in part to the limited amount of time the team had available to spend in Kenya, as well as the large number of people attending the demonstration. 15 different people from seven different entities related to prosthetics attended the demonstration. The attendees were from other parts of Kenya, as well as other countries in the African Great Lakes. Many were interested in implementing LEGS technology in their clinics, and the LEGS team hopes to visit other clinics on return visits to Kenya. A Technology Transfer Workshop was held in Savar, Bangladesh in the summer of 2009."], "answer": {"text": "Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world.", "answer_start": 568}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Except what happened?", "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she go to prison?", "answer": {"text": "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was she involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid.", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Winnie being regularly detained by the National Party government, fighting Apartheid, going to prison, and getting involved in politics, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Internal resistance to apartheid Internal resistance to \"apartheid\" in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and alternatively took the form of social movements, passive resistance, or guerrilla warfare. Mass action against the ruling National Party government, coupled with South Africa's growing international isolation and economic sanctions, were instrumental factors in ending racial segregation and discrimination. Both black and white South African activists such as Steve Biko, Desmond Tutu, Nelson Mandela, Harry Schwarz, and Joe Slovo were involved with various anti-apartheid causes. By the 1980s, there was continuous interplay between violent and non-violent action, and this interplay was a notable feature of resistance against apartheid from 1983 until South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. Passive resistance to apartheid was initiated by the African National Congress (ANC) with its Defiance Campaign in the early 1950s. Subsequent civil disobedience protests targeted curfews, pass laws, and \"petty apartheid\" segregation in public facilities. Some anti-apartheid demonstrations resulted in widespread rioting in Port Elizabeth and East London in 1952, but organised destruction of property was not deliberately employed until 1959. That year, anger over pass laws and environmental regulations perceived as unjust by black farmers resulted in a series of arsons targeting sugarcane plantations. Organisations such as the ANC, the South African Communist Party, and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) remained preoccupied with organising student strikes and work boycotts between 1959 and 1960. The Sharpeville massacre marked a shift in the tactics of some anti-apartheid movements, including the ANC and PAC, from peaceful non-cooperation to the formation of armed resistance wings. Mass strikes and student demonstrations continued into the 1970s, charged by growing black unemployment, the unpopularity of the South African Border War, and a newly assertive Black Consciousness Movement.", "The first apartheid law was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949, followed closely by the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950, which made it illegal for most South African citizens to marry or pursue sexual relationships across racial lines. The Population Registration Act, 1950 classified all South Africans into one of four racial groups based on appearance, known ancestry, socioeconomic status, and cultural lifestyle: \"Black\", \"White\", \"Coloured\", and \"Indian\", the last two of which included several sub-classifications. Places of residence were determined by racial classification. Between 1960 and 1983, 3.5 million Non-White South Africans were removed from their homes and forced into segregated neighbourhoods, in one of the largest mass evictions in modern history. Most of these targeted removals were intended to restrict the black African population to ten designated \"tribal homelands\", also known as \"bantustans\", four of which became nominally independent states. The government announced that relocated persons would lose their South African citizenship as they were absorbed into the bantustans. Apartheid sparked significant international and domestic opposition, resulting in some of the most influential global social movements of the twentieth century. It was the target of frequent condemnation in the United Nations and brought about an extensive arms and trade embargo on South Africa. During the 1970s and 1980s, internal resistance to apartheid became increasingly militant, prompting brutal crackdowns by the National Party government and protracted sectarian violence that left thousands dead or in detention. Some reforms of the apartheid system were undertaken, including allowing for Indian and Coloured political representation in parliament, but these measures failed to appease most activist groups. Between 1987\u20131993, the National Party entered into bilateral negotiations with the African National Congress, the leading anti-apartheid political movement, for ending segregation and introducing majority rule. In 1990, prominent ANC figures such as Nelson Mandela were released from prison.", "Apartheid legislation The system of racial segregation in South Africa known as \"apartheid\" was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws. This legislation served to institutionalise racial discrimination and the dominance by white people over people of other races. While the bulk of this legislation was enacted after the election of the National Party government in 1948, it was preceded by discriminatory legislation enacted under earlier British and Afrikaner governments. Apartheid is distinguished from segregation in other countries by the systematic way in which it was formalised in law. Apartheid legislation was published in the Government Gazette of South Africa (known as the Afrikaans term \"Staatskoerant\" during Apartheid). This was the official medium used by the Apartheid government in South Africa to communicate with the public. This medium continues to be used today by the post apartheid governments although publication of the gazette have stopped and is no longer available in the courts as before. The gazette is available through paid subscription on an internet website. Although apartheid as a comprehensive legislative project truly began after the National Party came into power in 1948, many of these statutes were preceded by the laws of the previous British and Afrikaner administrations in South Africa's provinces. An early example is the Glen Grey Act, passed in 1894 in Cape Colony, and which had the effect of diminishing the land rights of Africans in scheduled areas. The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act was repealed by the Discriminatory Legislation regarding Public Amenities Repeal Act, 1990, and the Population Registration Act was repealed by the Population Registration Act Repeal Act, 1991, but the racial classifications remained on the population register until 1992. These laws were repealed by the Immorality and Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Amendment Act, 1985. These and other discriminatory acts related to land tenure were repealed by the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act, 1991.", "The South African opposition during the World War II of the country's involvement in the war against Nazi Germany led to the National Party's rise to power in the 1948 elections, to the implementation of the apartheid politics in the country and finally to the culmination of Afrikaner nationalistic mobilisation in 1961 when the country resigned from the British Commonwealth and became a republic. The National Party government implemented, alongside apartheid, a program of social conservatism. Pornography, gambling, and other such vices were banned because they were thought to be elements contrary to the \"Afrikaner way of life\". Even adultery and attempted adultery were banned (by the Immorality Amendment Act, Act No 23 of 1957). During the 1960s a split emerged in the Afrikaner electorate over the issue of how to preserve a distinct identity in a multi-ethnic society: one faction insisted on preserving the national identity through strict isolation, while others thought that such barriers needed to be relaxed. As a sign of this, in the 1970 election a radical splinter group from the National Party, Herstigte Nasionale Party, got 3.59% of the vote compared to the National Party's 54.86%. The gulf widened further during the 1980s partly because of the international pressure against apartheid. One notable Afrikaner nationalist organisation was the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB), a political and former paramilitary group. The group had the support of an estimated 5\u20137 percent of white South Africans in 1988. The organisation was beset by personal and militant scandals in the late 1980s and early 1990s that led to diminished support. This organisation was however never able to garner substantial Afrikaner support, which was held by the National Party until its dissolution.", "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment (August 1963 - February 1990). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world. She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid. In a leaked letter to Jacob Zuma in October 2008, outgoing President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC had created for her in their anti-apartheid activism:  In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system. Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault."], "answer": {"text": "Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system.", "answer_start": 1380}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Except what happened?", "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she go to prison?", "answer": {"text": "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was she involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid.", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she get involved in any other ways?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world.", "answer_start": 568, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#8", "question": "What did she do to show the world apartheid?", "rewrite": "What did Winnie Mandela do to show the world apartheid?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["(the sentences were commuted following the abolition of the death penalty in South Africa). However, Asvat's family found that no money had been taken, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the police were negligent in hastily ascribing a motive of robbery to the attack, and for failing to thoroughly investigate the attack. Within days of Asvat's killing, rumours began to circulate linking his death to Winnie Mandela. Asvat and Winnie Mandela had first made contact during one of Asvat's rural clinics in Brandfort, where she had been banished by the apartheid government. Asvat and Winnie Mandela established a soup kitchen and clinic, and he assumed responsibility for her care, with Asvat sometimes driving to Brandfort in the middle of the night to treat her. Mandela would regularly dine with the Asvat family after she returned to Soweto from Brandfort, and attended parties at the Asvat home. Soon after Asvat's murder, Winnie Mandela gave an interview to a Sunday newspaper claiming that he was killed because he could corroborate (baseless) allegations that Methodist minister Paul Verryn had molested Stompie Seipei. However, media sources soon began to report on rumours that Asvat had been killed at the behest of Winnie Mandela, as he had examined the boy, and insisted that he be taken to hospital due to the severity of his injuries following the assaults by Mandela's security detail, thus making Asvat's death part of an alleged cover-up orchestrated by Winnie Mandela. In 2018 a new biography of Winnie Mandela by Fred Brigland argued that she was behind the murder of Asvat.", "Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO TV movie, Mandela. Ms Woodard earned both a CableACE Award and an NAACP Image Award for her performance, as did costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Nelson Mandela. Tina Lifford played her in the 1997 TV film Mandela and de Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her in the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, first broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010. Jennifer Hudson played her in Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Films on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson based the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life. The Creative Workers Union of South Africa opposed the choice of Hudson in the title role, saying the use of foreign actors to tell the country's stories undermined efforts to develop the national film industry. In 2007, an opera based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced in Canada, however, she was declined a visa to attend its world premiere and associated gala fundraising concert. Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom by actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On viewing the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris it was \"the first time she felt her story had been captured on film\". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film had returned Winnie Mandela to her rightful place, recognising her role in \"the struggle\" that, \"for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's.\"", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "One of Winnie Mandela's supporters, Katiza Cebekhulu, testified at the TRC that he had witnessed a \"volcanic row\" between Mandela and Asvat, after Asvat refused to back Mandela's (baseless) charges that Verryn had sodomised boys. The hearings were later adjourned amid claims by TRC lawyers that witnesses were intimidated on Winnie Mandela's orders. Mbatha and Dlamini both claimed in testimony to the TRC that Winnie Mandela had paid them R20,000 (equivalent to $8,000 at the time), and that she provided them with a gun to kill Asvat. Both also claimed to have been intimidated by Mandela prior to testifying at the TRC. Mbatha also claimed that he had immediately implicated Mandela in the murder, but was forced by police to change his confession to the attack being a robbery, due to torture. It emerged that Dlamini's 1989 confession implicated Winnie Mandela, but it was not presented by the police to the court trying Mbatha and Dlamini, with the police justifying the suppression by arguing that the confession was \"at odds\" with their investigation. A group of men in combat fatigues associated with Winnie Mandela were accused by Mbata's lawyers of attempting to intimidate his family during a TRC hearing. Winnie Mandela's lawyer exposed inconsistencies in their testimony. When Albertina Sisulu testified, she failed to corroborate an appointment card that would have placed Winnie Mandela at the surgery on the morning of the killing, claiming to have forgotten much about the day of the murder. When it was hinted at by a TRC commissioner that Sisulu did not want to be remembered in history as having implicated a comrade, she denied this. During her own testimony to the commission, Madikizela-Mandela denied the allegations.", "Stompie Seipei James Seipei (1974\u20131 January 1989), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, or Stompie Sepei was a teenage United Democratic Front (UDF) activist from Parys in South Africa. He and three other boys were kidnapped on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the \"Mandela United Football Club\". Moeketsi was murdered on 1 January 1989, the only one of the boys to be killed. Moeketsi joined the street uprising against Apartheid in April 1985 at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th birthday in jail without trial. At the age of 13 he was expelled from school. Moeketsi, together with Kenny Kgase, Pelo Mekgwe and Thabiso Mono, were kidnapped on December 29, 1988 from the Methodist manse in Orlando, Soweto, a church run by Paul Verryn. Moeketsi was accused of being a police informer. Screams were heard as Stompie Moeketsi was murdered, at the age of 14, by Jerry Richardson, member of Winnie Mandela's \"Football Club\". His body was recovered on waste ground near Winnie Mandela's house on January 6, 1989. His throat had been cut. Jerry Richardson, one of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, was convicted of the murder. He stated that she had ordered him, with others, to abduct the four youths from Soweto, of whom Moeketsi was the youngest. The four were severely beaten. In 1991, Winnie Mandela was convicted of kidnapping and being an accessory to assault, but her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine and a two-year suspended sentence on appeal."], "answer": {"text": "our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners,", "answer_start": 1161}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Except what happened?", "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she go to prison?", "answer": {"text": "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was she involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid.", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she get involved in any other ways?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world.", "answer_start": 568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system.", "answer_start": 1380, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#9", "question": "What else did the movement do?", "rewrite": "Besides taking a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of the prisoners, what else did the movement do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Statue of Nelson Mandela, Johannesburg The statue of Nelson Mandela is a large bronze sculpture of the former President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela, located in Nelson Mandela Square in Johannesburg. Prior to the statue's unveiling, the square had been named Sandton Square after the surrounding area of Sandton. The square was officially renamed Nelson Mandela Square on March 31, 2004. Sandton City, the largest retail complex in Africa, lies behind the statue. The location of the statue has been criticized due to Sandton Square's perception as a \"symbol of commercial and social elitism\". The statue was commissioned in July 2002 and completed in February 2004. It was unveiled in the square on March 31, 2004. It was sculpted by Kobus Hattingh and Jacob Maponyane. The statue was erected in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of South Africa's first democratic elections. It was the first-ever public statue of Mandela and was unveiled by his eldest granddaughter, Ndileka Mandela, who said of the statue that \"While we honour Nelson Mandela in this statue, we are also honouring South Africa. He's not just a grandfather to us, but to the whole nation\". A box for donations for the Nelson Mandela Foundation was placed beside the statue. The statue stands high and measures from elbow to elbow. The statue weighs 2.5 tons. It has been described as \"towering\", \"imposing\", and a \"focal point\" for the entire area. The statue depicts Mandela wearing his Madiba shirt and dancing in what was referred to at the unveiling as the \"Madiba jive\". Basetsana Kumalo, the master of ceremonies at the statue's unveiling, said that it was \"a very happy statue.", "There were calls for Ismail Ayob and his family to be ostracised by society and to be expelled from Mosques and community and charitable organisations and that there be protest marches and paid newspaper advertisements signed by supporters of Mr Mandela. In terms of the High Court rules, Mr Mandela and his new advisors were required to reply within two weeks of the answer of Ismail Ayob and Zamila Ayob. Some 20 months later, no reply had been made. Ismail Ayob, George Bizos and Wim Trengrove were trustees of the Nelson Mandela Trust. The Trust was set up to hold money donated to Nelson Mandela. Ismail Ayob resigned from the Trust. In 2006, the two remaining trustees of the Nelson Mandela Trust launched an application against Mr Ayob for disbursing money in terms of the trust deed without their express consent. Mr Ayob explained these disbursements included money that was paid to the South African Revenue Service, to the children and grandchildren of Nelson Mandela, to Nelson Mandela himself, and to an accounting company for four years of accounting work. It was alleged that Ismail Ayob made defamatory remarks about Nelson Mandela in his affidavit, for which the court order stated that Ismail Ayob should apologise. These alleged that Nelson Mandela had foreign bank accounts and had not paid tax on these were later pointed out to have originated not from Ismail Ayob's affidavit but from Nelson Mandela's, George Bizos', and Iqbal Meer's affidavits against Ismail Ayob. Ayob attended the Methodist Coloured School until the age of 14, when he was sent to Pretoria to continue his schooling at the Pretoria Indian Boys High School, as schools in his area were closed to him because of his race.", "Nelson Mandela (EP) Nelson Mandela is the debut extended play by South African singer Zahara. It pays tribute to Nelson Mandela and was released on July 15, 2013, at a time when Mandela was critically ill but stable at the Medi-Clinic Heart Hospital in Pretoria. The EP's lead single \"Nelson Mandela\" peaked at number 1 on South Africa's official music chart. Upon its release, the EP was made available for purchase on iTunes. The formulation of the EP started when Zahara released a song titled \"Nelson Mandela\". It features vocals from Mzwakhe Mbuli and pays tribute to Nelson Mandela while celebrating his accomplishments. When the song was played on Metro FM, it created a lot of media and social buzz. \" City Press\" newspaper stated that the ballad \"evokes strong emotions, spurred on by the relentless guitar accompaniment Zahara is known for, and her soaring, strong vocals\". Zahara commented on the song, saying, \"I'm very excited and emotional at the same time. I trust that South Africans and the world will receive it and appreciate it. Above all else, I'm doing this in honour of Tata Mandela.\" Her manager TK Nciza added, \"The song speaks to every South African, it\u2019s a true reflection of who Mandela is and his commitment to the country. Even at the Rivonia Trial he said he\u2019ll oppose white domination and black domination, only a few people commit to such. You will be able to relate to the song, whether black or white.\" Zahara performed the EP's lead single for Mandela at the Medi-Clinic Heart Hospital in Pretoria.", "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment (August 1963 - February 1990). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world. She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid. In a leaked letter to Jacob Zuma in October 2008, outgoing President of South Africa Thabo Mbeki alluded to the role the ANC had created for her in their anti-apartheid activism:  In the context of the global struggle for the release of political prisoners in our country, our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners, and therefore to use his personal political biography, including the persecution of his then wife, Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system. Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault.", "Mandela Day Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an annual international day in honour of Nelson Mandela, celebrated each year on 18 July, Mandela's birthday. The day was officially declared by the United Nations in November 2009, with the first UN Mandela Day held on 18 July 2010. However, other groups began celebrating Mandela Day on 18 July 2009. On 27 April 2009, the 46664 concerts and the Nelson Mandela Foundation invited the global community to join them in support of an official Mandela Day. Mandela Day is not meant as a public holiday, but as a day to honour the legacy of Nelson Mandela, South Africa's former President, and his values, through volunteering and community service. Mandela Day is a global call to action that celebrates the idea that each individual has the power to transform the world, the ability to make an impact. The Mandela Day campaign message is:  To mark the first global celebration of Mandela Day on 18 July 2009, Mandela's 91st birthday, a series of educational, art exhibit, fund-raising and volunteer events leading up to a concert at Radio City Music Hall on 18 July were organised by the 46664 concerts and the Nelson Mandela Foundation. In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly formally declared 18 July to be \"Nelson Mandela International Day\"."], "answer": {"text": "Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault.", "answer_start": 1504}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Except what happened?", "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she go to prison?", "answer": {"text": "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was she involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid.", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she get involved in any other ways?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world.", "answer_start": 568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system.", "answer_start": 1380, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to show the world apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners,", "answer_start": 1161, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_0_q#10", "question": "Did she ever recover from her addiction?", "rewrite": "Did Winnie Mandela ever recover from her addiction to painkillers and alcohol?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["One of Winnie Mandela's supporters, Katiza Cebekhulu, testified at the TRC that he had witnessed a \"volcanic row\" between Mandela and Asvat, after Asvat refused to back Mandela's (baseless) charges that Verryn had sodomised boys. The hearings were later adjourned amid claims by TRC lawyers that witnesses were intimidated on Winnie Mandela's orders. Mbatha and Dlamini both claimed in testimony to the TRC that Winnie Mandela had paid them R20,000 (equivalent to $8,000 at the time), and that she provided them with a gun to kill Asvat. Both also claimed to have been intimidated by Mandela prior to testifying at the TRC. Mbatha also claimed that he had immediately implicated Mandela in the murder, but was forced by police to change his confession to the attack being a robbery, due to torture. It emerged that Dlamini's 1989 confession implicated Winnie Mandela, but it was not presented by the police to the court trying Mbatha and Dlamini, with the police justifying the suppression by arguing that the confession was \"at odds\" with their investigation. A group of men in combat fatigues associated with Winnie Mandela were accused by Mbata's lawyers of attempting to intimidate his family during a TRC hearing. Winnie Mandela's lawyer exposed inconsistencies in their testimony. When Albertina Sisulu testified, she failed to corroborate an appointment card that would have placed Winnie Mandela at the surgery on the morning of the killing, claiming to have forgotten much about the day of the murder. When it was hinted at by a TRC commissioner that Sisulu did not want to be remembered in history as having implicated a comrade, she denied this. During her own testimony to the commission, Madikizela-Mandela denied the allegations.", "Mandela was portrayed by Alfre Woodard in the 1987 HBO TV movie, Mandela. Ms Woodard earned both a CableACE Award and an NAACP Image Award for her performance, as did costar Danny Glover, who portrayed Nelson Mandela. Tina Lifford played her in the 1997 TV film Mandela and de Klerk. Sophie Okonedo portrayed her in the BBC drama Mrs Mandela, first broadcast on BBC Four on 25 January 2010. Jennifer Hudson played her in Winnie Mandela, directed by Darrell Roodt, released in Canada by D Films on 16 September 2011. Roodt, Andre Pieterse, and Paul L. Johnson based the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life. The Creative Workers Union of South Africa opposed the choice of Hudson in the title role, saying the use of foreign actors to tell the country's stories undermined efforts to develop the national film industry. In 2007, an opera based on her life called The Passion of Winnie was produced in Canada, however, she was declined a visa to attend its world premiere and associated gala fundraising concert. Mandela was again portrayed in the 2013 film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom by actress Naomie Harris (British actor Idris Elba played Nelson Mandela). On viewing the film, Madikizela-Mandela told Harris it was \"the first time she felt her story had been captured on film\". Gugulethu okaMseleku, writing in The Guardian, stated that the film had returned Winnie Mandela to her rightful place, recognising her role in \"the struggle\" that, \"for South African women ... was more fundamental than her husband's.\"", "(the sentences were commuted following the abolition of the death penalty in South Africa). However, Asvat's family found that no money had been taken, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the police were negligent in hastily ascribing a motive of robbery to the attack, and for failing to thoroughly investigate the attack. Within days of Asvat's killing, rumours began to circulate linking his death to Winnie Mandela. Asvat and Winnie Mandela had first made contact during one of Asvat's rural clinics in Brandfort, where she had been banished by the apartheid government. Asvat and Winnie Mandela established a soup kitchen and clinic, and he assumed responsibility for her care, with Asvat sometimes driving to Brandfort in the middle of the night to treat her. Mandela would regularly dine with the Asvat family after she returned to Soweto from Brandfort, and attended parties at the Asvat home. Soon after Asvat's murder, Winnie Mandela gave an interview to a Sunday newspaper claiming that he was killed because he could corroborate (baseless) allegations that Methodist minister Paul Verryn had molested Stompie Seipei. However, media sources soon began to report on rumours that Asvat had been killed at the behest of Winnie Mandela, as he had examined the boy, and insisted that he be taken to hospital due to the severity of his injuries following the assaults by Mandela's security detail, thus making Asvat's death part of an alleged cover-up orchestrated by Winnie Mandela. In 2018 a new biography of Winnie Mandela by Fred Brigland argued that she was behind the murder of Asvat.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Stompie Seipei James Seipei (1974\u20131 January 1989), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, or Stompie Sepei was a teenage United Democratic Front (UDF) activist from Parys in South Africa. He and three other boys were kidnapped on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the \"Mandela United Football Club\". Moeketsi was murdered on 1 January 1989, the only one of the boys to be killed. Moeketsi joined the street uprising against Apartheid in April 1985 at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th birthday in jail without trial. At the age of 13 he was expelled from school. Moeketsi, together with Kenny Kgase, Pelo Mekgwe and Thabiso Mono, were kidnapped on December 29, 1988 from the Methodist manse in Orlando, Soweto, a church run by Paul Verryn. Moeketsi was accused of being a police informer. Screams were heard as Stompie Moeketsi was murdered, at the age of 14, by Jerry Richardson, member of Winnie Mandela's \"Football Club\". His body was recovered on waste ground near Winnie Mandela's house on January 6, 1989. His throat had been cut. Jerry Richardson, one of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, was convicted of the murder. He stated that she had ordered him, with others, to abduct the four youths from Soweto, of whom Moeketsi was the youngest. The four were severely beaten. In 1991, Winnie Mandela was convicted of kidnapping and being an accessory to assault, but her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine and a two-year suspended sentence on appeal."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Winnie during Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government. She was tortured, subjected to house arrest, kept under surveillance, held in solitary confinement for over a year and", "answer_start": 33, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what else?", "answer": {"text": "and even banished to a remote town. She emerged as a leading opponent of apartheid during the later years of her husband's imprisonment", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to fight Apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "). For many of those years, she was banished to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except", "answer_start": 376, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Except what happened?", "answer": {"text": "except for when she was allowed to visit her husband at Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she go to prison?", "answer": {"text": "Due to her political activities, Winnie was regularly detained by the National Party government.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was she involved in politics?", "answer": {"text": "She organised local clinics, campaigned actively for equal rights and was promoted by the ANC as a symbol of their struggle against apartheid.", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she get involved in any other ways?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. It was at this time that Winnie Mandela became well known in the Western world.", "answer_start": 568, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Winnie Mandela, dramatically to present to the world and the South African community the brutality of the apartheid system.", "answer_start": 1380, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do to show the world apartheid?", "answer": {"text": "our movement took a deliberate decision to profile Nelson Mandela as the representative personality of these prisoners,", "answer_start": 1161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did the movement do?", "answer": {"text": "Beaten by the apartheid police, she developed an addiction to painkillers and alcohol as a result of a back injury caused by the assault.", "answer_start": 1504, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#0", "question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "rewrite": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need."], "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#1", "question": "What happened next?", "rewrite": "What happened after Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela met?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985."], "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#2", "question": "Did they start dating?", "rewrite": "Did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela start dating?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985."], "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#3", "question": "When did they marry?", "rewrite": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela marry?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985."], "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#4", "question": "What were the names of the children?", "rewrite": "What were the names of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela's children?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998."], "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#5", "question": "What happened next?", "rewrite": "What happened after Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's children were born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985."], "answer": {"text": "Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990.", "answer_start": 352}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the names of the children?", "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#6", "question": "Did they stay married at this point?", "rewrite": "Did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela stay married when Nelson was jailed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998."], "answer": {"text": "The couple separated in 1992.", "answer_start": 426}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the names of the children?", "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#7", "question": "Did they get divorced?", "rewrite": "Did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela get divorced?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998.", "Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985."], "answer": {"text": "They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. During the divorce hearing,", "answer_start": 456}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the names of the children?", "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they stay married at this point?", "answer": {"text": "The couple separated in 1992.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#8", "question": "What happened during the hearing?", "rewrite": "What happened during the hearing of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela's divorce?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998."], "answer": {"text": "Nelson Mandela rejected Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could salvage the marriage, and cited her infidelity as a cause of the divorce, saying \"...", "answer_start": 572}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the names of the children?", "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they stay married at this point?", "answer": {"text": "The couple separated in 1992.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. During the divorce hearing,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#9", "question": "What did they say?", "rewrite": "What did Nelson Mandela say about arbitration salvaging marriage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mandela Day Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an annual international day in honour of Nelson Mandela, celebrated each year on 18 July, Mandela's birthday. The day was officially declared by the United Nations in November 2009, with the first UN Mandela Day held on 18 July 2010. However, other groups began celebrating Mandela Day on 18 July 2009. On 27 April 2009, the 46664 concerts and the Nelson Mandela Foundation invited the global community to join them in support of an official Mandela Day. Mandela Day is not meant as a public holiday, but as a day to honour the legacy of Nelson Mandela, South Africa's former President, and his values, through volunteering and community service. Mandela Day is a global call to action that celebrates the idea that each individual has the power to transform the world, the ability to make an impact. The Mandela Day campaign message is:  To mark the first global celebration of Mandela Day on 18 July 2009, Mandela's 91st birthday, a series of educational, art exhibit, fund-raising and volunteer events leading up to a concert at Radio City Music Hall on 18 July were organised by the 46664 concerts and the Nelson Mandela Foundation. In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly formally declared 18 July to be \"Nelson Mandela International Day\".", "Statue of Nelson Mandela, Johannesburg The statue of Nelson Mandela is a large bronze sculpture of the former President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela, located in Nelson Mandela Square in Johannesburg. Prior to the statue's unveiling, the square had been named Sandton Square after the surrounding area of Sandton. The square was officially renamed Nelson Mandela Square on March 31, 2004. Sandton City, the largest retail complex in Africa, lies behind the statue. The location of the statue has been criticized due to Sandton Square's perception as a \"symbol of commercial and social elitism\". The statue was commissioned in July 2002 and completed in February 2004. It was unveiled in the square on March 31, 2004. It was sculpted by Kobus Hattingh and Jacob Maponyane. The statue was erected in conjunction with the 10th anniversary of South Africa's first democratic elections. It was the first-ever public statue of Mandela and was unveiled by his eldest granddaughter, Ndileka Mandela, who said of the statue that \"While we honour Nelson Mandela in this statue, we are also honouring South Africa. He's not just a grandfather to us, but to the whole nation\". A box for donations for the Nelson Mandela Foundation was placed beside the statue. The statue stands high and measures from elbow to elbow. The statue weighs 2.5 tons. It has been described as \"towering\", \"imposing\", and a \"focal point\" for the entire area. The statue depicts Mandela wearing his Madiba shirt and dancing in what was referred to at the unveiling as the \"Madiba jive\". Basetsana Kumalo, the master of ceremonies at the statue's unveiling, said that it was \"a very happy statue.", "There were calls for Ismail Ayob and his family to be ostracised by society and to be expelled from Mosques and community and charitable organisations and that there be protest marches and paid newspaper advertisements signed by supporters of Mr Mandela. In terms of the High Court rules, Mr Mandela and his new advisors were required to reply within two weeks of the answer of Ismail Ayob and Zamila Ayob. Some 20 months later, no reply had been made. Ismail Ayob, George Bizos and Wim Trengrove were trustees of the Nelson Mandela Trust. The Trust was set up to hold money donated to Nelson Mandela. Ismail Ayob resigned from the Trust. In 2006, the two remaining trustees of the Nelson Mandela Trust launched an application against Mr Ayob for disbursing money in terms of the trust deed without their express consent. Mr Ayob explained these disbursements included money that was paid to the South African Revenue Service, to the children and grandchildren of Nelson Mandela, to Nelson Mandela himself, and to an accounting company for four years of accounting work. It was alleged that Ismail Ayob made defamatory remarks about Nelson Mandela in his affidavit, for which the court order stated that Ismail Ayob should apologise. These alleged that Nelson Mandela had foreign bank accounts and had not paid tax on these were later pointed out to have originated not from Ismail Ayob's affidavit but from Nelson Mandela's, George Bizos', and Iqbal Meer's affidavits against Ismail Ayob. Ayob attended the Methodist Coloured School until the age of 14, when he was sent to Pretoria to continue his schooling at the Pretoria Indian Boys High School, as schools in his area were closed to him because of his race.", "Nelson Mandela University Nelson Mandela University (NMU), formerly known as University of Port Elizabeth (UPE), is a South African university with its main administration in the coastal city of Port Elizabeth. Nelson Mandela University was founded through a merger of three institutions in January 2005, but its history dates back to 1882, with the foundation of the Port Elizabeth Art School. Nelson Mandela University is a comprehensive university offering professional and vocational training. The University has seven campuses \u2013 six in Port Elizabeth and one in George. The main campus of the university is South Campus. Students at Nelson Mandela University can study towards a diploma or a degree up to doctoral level qualifications. A number of courses include workplace experience as part of the curriculum at Nelson Mandela University. English is the university's medium of instruction. Plans for the then NMMU where first revealed in 2002, by then Minister of Education, Kader Asmal. The proposal was a part of larger plan to restructure higher education in South Africa. The first step in the merger came with the incorporation of Vista PE by UPE on 2 January 2004 followed by the merger of PE Technikon and UPE on 1 January 2005. NMMU was formed in 2005 through the merger of the Port Elizabeth Technikon, and the University of Port Elizabeth. In 2004, prior to the merger, UPE had taken control of the Port Elizabeth Campus of Vista University. PE Technikon had a satellite campus in George, which was also merged. The first Chancellor of the university was Chief Justice Pius Langa and Justice Ronnie Pillay was the first Chairperson of Council. Rolf Stumpf was the first Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive Officer of the university, who was then succeeded by Professor Derrick Swartz on 1 January 2008. The name of the University was formally changed from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University to Nelson Mandela University on 20 July 2017.", "Nelson Mandela Foundation The Nelson Mandela Foundation is a non-profit organization founded by Nelson Mandela in 1999 to promote Mandela's vision of freedom and equality for all. The chairman is professor Njabulo Ndebele. The vision of Nelson Mandela Foundation is to contribute to build a society that remembers its past, listens to all voices, and pursues social justice for all. The foundation was created in 1999 by Nelson Mandela when he stepped down as the President of South Africa. In 2012, the foundation broke its apolitical role by criticizing Jacob Zuma for weakening the state institutions. Following Robert Mugabe's attacks towards the legacy of Nelson Mandela in 2017, the Foundation responded by asking Mugabe to base his accusations on facts. The Nelson Mandela Foundation organises an annual lecture, inviting prominent people to drive debate on significant social issues."], "answer": {"text": "I am determined to get rid of the marriage", "answer_start": 736}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the names of the children?", "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they stay married at this point?", "answer": {"text": "The couple separated in 1992.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. During the divorce hearing,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during the hearing?", "answer": {"text": "Nelson Mandela rejected Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could salvage the marriage, and cited her infidelity as a cause of the divorce, saying \"...", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#10", "question": "What did she do next?", "rewrite": "What did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela do after Nelson Mandela rejected arbitration to salvage marriage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985.", "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase. She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing a lunch date the following week. The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960). Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990. The couple separated in 1992. They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. During the divorce hearing, Nelson Mandela rejected Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could salvage the marriage, and cited her infidelity as a cause of the divorce, saying \"... I am determined to get rid of the marriage\". Her attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5million (R70 million) -- half of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth -- was dismissed when she failed to appear in court for a settlement hearing. When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of reconciliation, she said: \"I am not fighting to be the country's First Lady. In fact, I am not the sort of person to carry beautiful flowers and be an ornament to everyone.\" Madikizela-Mandela was involved in a lawsuit at the time of her death, claiming that she was entitled to Mandela's homestead in Qunu, through customary law, despite her divorce from Nelson Mandela in 1996. Her case was dismissed by the Mthatha High Court in 2016, and she was reportedly preparing to appeal to the Constitutional Court at the time of her death, after failing at the Supreme Court of Appeal in January 2018.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service."], "answer": {"text": "\". Her attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5million (R70 million) -- half of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth -- was dismissed when she failed to appear", "answer_start": 778}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the names of the children?", "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they stay married at this point?", "answer": {"text": "The couple separated in 1992.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. During the divorce hearing,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during the hearing?", "answer": {"text": "Nelson Mandela rejected Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could salvage the marriage, and cited her infidelity as a cause of the divorce, saying \"...", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they say?", "answer": {"text": "I am determined to get rid of the marriage", "answer_start": 736, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cb5e8cdd8bc349708b4803f3d417397d_1_q#11", "question": "What happened after the divorce?", "rewrite": "What happened after the divorce of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zindzi Mandela Zindziswa Mandela (born 23 December 1960), also known as Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane, is a South African politician who is currently serving as her country's ambassador to Denmark. The daughter of anti-apartheid activists Nelson Mandela and Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Zindzi is the younger sister of Zenani Mandela and the third of Nelson Mandela's three daughters. Zindzi Mandela was born on 23 December 1960 in Soweto to Nelson Mandela and Winnie Mandela. Her father was both a direct descendant of holders of the kingship of the Thembu people and an heir to the chieftaincy of Mvezo. Zindzi's nephew Mandla, descended from Mandela via his first wife Evelyn Mase, currently holds the latter title. The year of her birth was also the year that the African National Congress (ANC) launched an armed wing. Her parents were wanted by the government. By the time her father was sent to prison Zindzi was 18 months old. During her youth Zindzi was often left in the care of her older sister Zenani Mandela when her mother was sent to prison for months at a time. In 1977 her mother was banished to the Free State and Zindzi lived with her. Zindzi was not able to complete her education until she was sent to Swaziland. Eventually her mother was allowed to move back to Soweto. In 1985 her father was offered a conditional release by the South African president, P. W. Botha. Her father's reply could not be delivered by her parents and Zindzi was chosen to read his refusal at a public meeting on 10 February 1985. She studied law at the University of Cape Town, where she earned a BA in 1985.", "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died at the Netcare Milpark Hospital in Johannesburg on 2 April 2018 at the age of 81. She suffered from diabetes and had recently undergone several major surgeries. She \"had been in and out of hospital since the start of the year\". In the lead-up to Madikizela Mandela's funeral, in a politically fraught environment soon after the ouster of former president Jacob Zuma, Jessie Duarte, a senior ANC leader, warned critics to \"sit down and shut up\", with Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema saying that \"anyone who accuses Mama Winnie of any crime is guilty of treason\". Madikizela-Mandela was granted a \"Special Official Funeral\" by the South African government. Her public funeral service was held at Orlando Stadium on 14 April 2018. Planning for Madikizela Mandela's funeral was largely handled by her daughters and Julius Malema, and the ANC reportedly had to \"fight for space\" on the programme. At the public service, ANC and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa \"acknowledged\" that the ANC failed to stand by Madikizela-Mandela's side during her legal troubles. Julius Malema, delivered an impassioned speech in which he criticised the United Democratic Front for distancing themselves from Madikizela-Mandela in the 1980s. Malema also criticised members of the National Executive Committee of the ANC Women's League for resigning in 1995, because they regarded Madikizela-Mandela as a \"criminal\". Madikizela-Mandela's daughter Zenani attacked those who \"vilified\" her mother, calling them hypocrites. After the public service, her body was interred at a cemetery in Fourways in the north of Johannesburg during a private memorial service.", "Winnie Mandela (film) Winnie Mandela is a 2011 drama film adaptation of Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film is directed by Darrell Roodt, and stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, Elias Koteas, and Justin Strydom. Image Entertainment released the film in theaters on September 6, 2013. Following the life of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (Jennifer Hudson), from her strict rural upbringing by a father disappointed she was not born a boy, to her giving up the chance to study in America in order to remain in South Africa where she felt more needed, through her husband Nelson Mandela's (Terrence Howard) imprisonment. She then faces continuous harassment by the security police, banishment to a small Free State town, betrayal by friends and allies, and more than a year in solitary confinement. Upon her release, she continues her husband's activism against apartheid and, after his release from prison, suffers divorce due to her infidelity and political pressures. She also faces accusations of violence and murder and in the end, must own up to her actions in court, while many still remain loyal to her because of her fight against apartheid. Writers Andre Pieterse and Darrell Roodt, who also directed, developed the screenplay based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography \"Winnie Mandela: A Life\". The film was produced by Equinoxe Films. Filming took place in Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Robben Island in South Africa beginning in April 2010. Winnie Mandela criticized the fact that she was not consulted for the making of a film about her life, stating, \"I have absolutely nothing against Jennifer [Hudson, the film's star], but I have everything against the movie itself. I was not consulted.", "Verryn was then also prominent as one of Winnie Madikizela-Mandela's critics. On 29 December 1988 the Mandela United Football Club (MUFC) abducted the four boys from the Mission house. The MUFC was a private force of bodyguards, who answered to and were controlled by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, then Nelson Mandela's wife and a leading anti-apartheid activist. Following the abduction, Madikizela-Mandela alleged that Verryn had been abusing the boys sexually. Some of the boys initially supported the allegation, but later retracted their statements, saying that the MUFC members had forced them to support the claim. Madikizela-Mandela also claimed that Seipei (Moeketsi) was a police informer, a charge which in those days could have resulted in mob execution of the accused. Seipei's body was found on 6 January 1989, dumped on waste ground in Soweto. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission found that the purpose of the abduction had been to force the boys to accuse Verryn of sexual abuse, and, after hearing testimony from all surviving witnesses and accusers, specifically cleared Verryn of any charges of sexual abuse. The Johannesburg Central Methodist Church, under the leadership of Bishop Paul Verryn, had established a tradition of ministering to the poor and marginalised in the city centre. When the flow of Zimbabwean refugees into South Africa had been significantly reduced, the South African government removed special controls which it had been forced to put in place. However, refugees and illegal immigrants continued to enter the country in relatively limited numbers, mostly from Zimbabwe. Many of them were destitute and jobless as well as being homeless. Over the objections of some of his church members, Verryn offered Johannesburg Central Methodist Church to this need.", "Amina Cachalia Amina Cachalia, OLB (n\u00e9e Asvat; 28 June 1930 \u2013 31 January 2013) was a South African anti-Apartheid activist, women's rights activist, and politician. She was a longtime friend and ally of former President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. Her late husband was political activist Yusuf Cachalia. Her son, Ghaleb Cachalia, is a politician in the Democratic Alliance. Cachalia was born Amina Asvat, the ninth of eleven children in Vereeniging, South Africa, on 28 June 1930. Her parents were political activists Ebrahim and Fatima Asvat. Her sister, Zainab Asvat, was an activist. She began campaigning against Apartheid and racial discrimination as a teenager. She became a women's rights activist, often focusing on economic issues, such as financial independence for women. Amina and Yusuf Cachalia were friends of Nelson Mandela before his imprisonment at Robben Island in 1962. She became a staunch anti-apartheid activist. She spent fifteen years under house arrest throughout the 1960s and 1970s. She was the treasurer of the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), a leading supporter of the Federation of Transvaal Women, and a member of both the Transvaal Indian Youth Congress and Transvaal Indian Congress during the Apartheid era. In 1995, Mandela asked Cachalia to marry him. At the time, he had been separated from his wife, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Cachalia turned down Mandela's proposal because she said that \"I'm my own person and that I had just recently lost my husband whom I had enormous regard for\". Mandela divorced Madikizela-Mandela a year later and married Gra\u00e7a Machel in 1998."], "answer": {"text": "When asked in a 1994 interview about the possibility of reconciliation, she said: \"I am not fighting to be the country's First Lady.", "answer_start": 979}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Winnie Madikizela-Mandela and Nelson Mandela meet?", "answer": {"text": "She met the lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957, when he was still married to Evelyn Mase.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "She was 22 years old and standing at a bus stop in Soweto when Mandela first saw her and charmed her, securing", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they start dating?", "answer": {"text": "securing a lunch date the following week.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they marry?", "answer": {"text": "The couple married in 1958 and had two daughters,", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the names of the children?", "answer": {"text": "Zenani (born 1958) and Zindziwa (born 1960).", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "Mandela was arrested and jailed in 1963, and was not released until 1990.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they stay married at this point?", "answer": {"text": "The couple separated in 1992.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "They finalised their divorce in March 1996 with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. During the divorce hearing,", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during the hearing?", "answer": {"text": "Nelson Mandela rejected Madikizela-Mandela's assertion that arbitration could salvage the marriage, and cited her infidelity as a cause of the divorce, saying \"...", "answer_start": 572, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they say?", "answer": {"text": "I am determined to get rid of the marriage", "answer_start": 736, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do next?", "answer": {"text": "\". Her attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5million (R70 million) -- half of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth -- was dismissed when she failed to appear", "answer_start": 778, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d22113f7893a4daea05c2fabc045445b_1_q#0", "question": "What did Kidd do with the Phoenix Suns?", "rewrite": "What did Kidd do with the Phoenix Suns?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1999\u20132000 Phoenix Suns season The 1999\u20132000 NBA season was the 32nd season for the National Basketball Association's Phoenix Suns. During the offseason, the Suns acquired All-Star guard Anfernee Hardaway from the Orlando Magic, and signed free agent Rodney Rogers while re-signing former Suns center Oliver Miller. Scott Skiles would come on as head coach, replacing Danny Ainge after a 13\u20137 start to the season. The Suns would finish third in the Pacific Division at 53\u201329, and extend the franchise's record for playoff appearances before losing in the Western Conference semifinals. Clifford Robinson led the team in scoring at 18.5 points per game. Hardaway, Jason Kidd, Rodney Rogers, Tom Gugliotta, and top draft pick Shawn Marion rounded out a list of six Suns players averaging double-digits in points. Kidd led the NBA in assists per game and was tied for fifth in steals, while being selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game. Rogers finished the regular season fourth in three-point field goal percentage, and won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award. Kidd would earn All-NBA First Team and NBA All-Defensive Second Team honors. In March, former Suns guard Kevin Johnson came out of his retirement and played in six games. He would then retire for the second time after the playoffs. The Suns finished with the same regular season record, but did not have home court advantage going into their first round match-up with the defending champion San Antonio Spurs. Still, the Suns would advance to their first conference semifinals appearance since the 1994\u201395 season en route to taking the series three games to one. The Suns lost in the conference semifinals to new league MVP Shaquille O'Neal and the eventual champion Los Angeles Lakers four games to one.", "2000\u201301 Phoenix Suns season The 2000\u201301 NBA season was the 33rd season for the Phoenix Suns, members of the Pacific Division in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Suns signed free agents Mario Elie and Tony Delk. The Suns were coached by Scott Skiles, who enjoyed his first full season as head coach as the Suns finished the regular season with a 51\u201331 record. For a franchise-record 13th season in a row, the Suns earned a trip to the playoffs, but would later lose in the first round. America West Arena was the home court venue for the Suns. The Suns were led by point guard Jason Kidd, who again topped the league in assists per game while earning another All-NBA First Team selection and NBA All-Defensive First Team (after being selected to the Second Team the year previous). He was also the team's lone representative in the All-Star Game. Second-year star Shawn Marion averaged a double-double, leading the team in scoring at 17.3 points and 10.7 rebounds per game). Kidd and Clifford Robinson were the other starters to provide the majority of the team's scoring, while reserves Delk and Rodney Rogers brought offensive firepower from the bench, averaging 12 points per game. Anfernee Hardaway was the teams's highest-paid player but played in just four games, battling knee injuries. For the fourth season in a row, the Suns finished third in the Pacific Division. The team earned a first-round match-up with the 3rd-seeded Sacramento Kings. Phoenix would take Game 1 but lose the next three in a row, losing three games to one. Following the season, Kidd was traded to the New Jersey Nets, Robinson was dealt to the Detroit Pistons and Elie retired. For the season, the Suns changed their logo and uniforms which lasted until 2013.", "List of Phoenix Suns head coaches The Phoenix Suns are an American professional basketball team based in Phoenix, Arizona. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Founded in , the Suns are chronologically the second-oldest team in the Western Conference. The Suns are also chronologically the third-oldest team in the NBA to have never won an NBA Championship while having played in the NBA Finals at least once. The Suns play their home games at the Talking Stick Resort Arena (formerly the American West Arena and the US Airways Center). The Phoenix Suns franchise has had 20 head coaches. John MacLeod is the franchise's all-time leader in coaching years and games won, winning the most regular-season and playoff games. Cotton Fitzsimmons and Mike D'Antoni are the only coaches to have won the NBA Coach of the Year Award with the Suns. The Suns never have been coached by a Basketball Hall of Fame inductee. Paul Westphal has the highest all-time winning percentage with the Suns with a .685 percentage. Alvin Gentry was named head coach after Terry Porter was dismissed by the Suns after 51 games in 2008. Gentry left the Phoenix Suns under mutual agreement to part ways on January 18, 2013. He was replaced by Lindsey Hunter halfway through the 2012\u201313 NBA season. He has since been replaced by former Suns player Jeff Hornacek. Former Pelicans coach Monty Williams was hired to coach the team on May 3, 2019. \"Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the .\"", "Points, 6-game series: 246, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals (41.0 ppg) Consecutive games scoring 40 or more points: 4, vs. Phoenix Suns, to   Consecutive games scoring 20 or more points: 35, to   Scoring 30 or more points in all games, any championship series: 6 games, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Points, half: 35, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Field goals made, 6-game series: 101, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Field goals made, half: 14, twice <br> 14, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, < br> 14, first half, vs. Phoenix Suns ,   Consecutive field goals made in a game without a miss: 13, vs. Los Angeles Lakers,   Field goals made, 5-game series: 63, vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1991 NBA Finals Field goal attempts, 6-game series: 199, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Three-point field goals made, career: 42  Three-point field goals made, game: 6, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Three-point field goals made, half: 6, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Three-point field goal attempts, game: 10, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Three-point field goal attempts, half: 10, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Free throws made, quarter: 9, second quarter, at Utah Jazz,   Free throw attempts, half: 15, second half, vs. Utah Jazz,   Free throw attempts, quarter: 12, fourth quarter, vs. Utah Jazz, Steals, 5-game series: 14, vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1991 NBA Finals (2.8 spg)  Points, career: 262  Field goals made, career: 110 Field goals made, game: 17, 1988", "when a player slams the ball and \"Zing go the strings\" or \"Swish-a-roo for two\" (or just \"swish-a-roo\") when they swish a shot. He also has nicknames for individual players such as The Nash Rambler for Steve Nash, Captain Kidd for former Suns Captain Jason Kidd and the Matrix for former Suns player Shawn Marion (although the origin of that nickname is generally attributed to former NBA player and TNT analyst Kenny Smith, not McCoy). In 2006 Phoenix Magazine named McCoy the best play-by-play announcer in their annual \"Best of the Valley\" issue. The Suns paid tribute to McCoy on March 2, 2007, distributing talking bobbleheads to fans at US Airways Center and renaming the Suns' press room the Al McCoy Media Center. McCoy received the 2007 Curt Gowdy Media Award during the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Family Reunion Dinner in Springfield, Massachusetts. Al is currently a member of the Broadcasters Hall of Fame In 2015, McCoy was inducted into the Iowa Hall of Pride for the achievements he provided as an announcer in the NBA. On October 26, 2016, it was announced by team owner Robert Sarver that Al McCoy was going to be inducted as the 15th member to the Phoenix Suns Ring of Honor for his achievements to the organization on March 3, 2017 against the Oklahoma City Thunder. On his inauguration night, the Suns would win 118\u2013111 over the Thunder, despite Russell Westbrook almost recording his 31st triple-double of the 2016-17 NBA season with 48 points, 17 rebounds, and 9 assists that night. The Suns would dedicate their performance that game to McCoy between the Suns' general performance in that game, special messages to Al from former Suns Steve Nash and Jason Kidd during timeouts, and a halftime honor from the vast majority of fellow Phoenix Suns Ring of Honor members."], "answer": {"text": "He also led the NBA with seven triple-doubles", "answer_start": 673}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d22113f7893a4daea05c2fabc045445b_1_q#1", "question": "When did he start playing for the Suns?", "rewrite": "When did Kidd  start playing for the Suns?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2000\u201301 Phoenix Suns season The 2000\u201301 NBA season was the 33rd season for the Phoenix Suns, members of the Pacific Division in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Suns signed free agents Mario Elie and Tony Delk. The Suns were coached by Scott Skiles, who enjoyed his first full season as head coach as the Suns finished the regular season with a 51\u201331 record. For a franchise-record 13th season in a row, the Suns earned a trip to the playoffs, but would later lose in the first round. America West Arena was the home court venue for the Suns. The Suns were led by point guard Jason Kidd, who again topped the league in assists per game while earning another All-NBA First Team selection and NBA All-Defensive First Team (after being selected to the Second Team the year previous). He was also the team's lone representative in the All-Star Game. Second-year star Shawn Marion averaged a double-double, leading the team in scoring at 17.3 points and 10.7 rebounds per game). Kidd and Clifford Robinson were the other starters to provide the majority of the team's scoring, while reserves Delk and Rodney Rogers brought offensive firepower from the bench, averaging 12 points per game. Anfernee Hardaway was the teams's highest-paid player but played in just four games, battling knee injuries. For the fourth season in a row, the Suns finished third in the Pacific Division. The team earned a first-round match-up with the 3rd-seeded Sacramento Kings. Phoenix would take Game 1 but lose the next three in a row, losing three games to one. Following the season, Kidd was traded to the New Jersey Nets, Robinson was dealt to the Detroit Pistons and Elie retired. For the season, the Suns changed their logo and uniforms which lasted until 2013.", "Kidd was traded to the Phoenix Suns with Tony Dumas and Loren Meyer for Michael Finley, A. C. Green, and Sam Cassell during the 1996-97 season. In his first full season with the Suns in 1997-98, the team's win total improved by 16 games. The Suns, who finished the season with a 56-26 record, had been recognized for their fast-paced style of play with Kidd frequently leading a small lineup of four guards (Kidd, Kevin Johnson, Rex Chapman and Steve Nash) being on the floor at the same time together with Antonio McDyess playing at center. In the 1998-99 season, Kidd averaged 10.8 assists per game to dethrone Washington's Rod Strickland as the league's assists leader. He also led the NBA with seven triple-doubles (the rest of the league had just 11) and was second in the NBA with 41.2 minutes per game (behind Allen Iverson's 41.5 mpg). Kidd averaged career highs in points (16.9 ppg), field goal percentage (.444), rebounds (6.8 rpg, best among NBA guards) and steals (2.28 spg, fourth in the NBA) and was the only player to be ranked among the top 50 in the NBA in 10 different statistical categories. The Suns won all seven of the games in which he had triple-doubles. The Suns acquired Penny Hardaway from the Orlando Magic before the start of the 1999-00 season in hope of creating the best backcourt duo in the league. Combination of Kidd and Hardaway in the starting lineup was often labeled as the BackCourt 2000. Despite a decent 53-29 record, the Suns' season was spoiled by injuries to both of their superstars.", "when a player slams the ball and \"Zing go the strings\" or \"Swish-a-roo for two\" (or just \"swish-a-roo\") when they swish a shot. He also has nicknames for individual players such as The Nash Rambler for Steve Nash, Captain Kidd for former Suns Captain Jason Kidd and the Matrix for former Suns player Shawn Marion (although the origin of that nickname is generally attributed to former NBA player and TNT analyst Kenny Smith, not McCoy). In 2006 Phoenix Magazine named McCoy the best play-by-play announcer in their annual \"Best of the Valley\" issue. The Suns paid tribute to McCoy on March 2, 2007, distributing talking bobbleheads to fans at US Airways Center and renaming the Suns' press room the Al McCoy Media Center. McCoy received the 2007 Curt Gowdy Media Award during the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Family Reunion Dinner in Springfield, Massachusetts. Al is currently a member of the Broadcasters Hall of Fame In 2015, McCoy was inducted into the Iowa Hall of Pride for the achievements he provided as an announcer in the NBA. On October 26, 2016, it was announced by team owner Robert Sarver that Al McCoy was going to be inducted as the 15th member to the Phoenix Suns Ring of Honor for his achievements to the organization on March 3, 2017 against the Oklahoma City Thunder. On his inauguration night, the Suns would win 118\u2013111 over the Thunder, despite Russell Westbrook almost recording his 31st triple-double of the 2016-17 NBA season with 48 points, 17 rebounds, and 9 assists that night. The Suns would dedicate their performance that game to McCoy between the Suns' general performance in that game, special messages to Al from former Suns Steve Nash and Jason Kidd during timeouts, and a halftime honor from the vast majority of fellow Phoenix Suns Ring of Honor members.", "With Kidd starting at point guard, Nash was traded to the Mavericks in June 1998 in exchange for Martin M\u00fc\u00fcrsepp, Bubba Wells, the draft rights to Pat Garrity, and a future first round draft pick (later used to select Shawn Marion). In the off-season prior to the 2000 NBA season, the Suns traded for perennial All-Star Anfernee \"Penny\" Hardaway, creating the tandem of Kidd and Hardaway called \"Backcourt 2000\". However, the combination of Hardaway and Kidd was never fully realized as Hardaway missed several games during the middle of the 1999\u20132000 season and Kidd broke his ankle going into the playoffs just as Hardaway returned to the court. As the Suns entered the 2000 playoffs, they beat the higher-seeded San Antonio Spurs 3\u20131 in the best-of-five series. The Spurs were without their best player Tim Duncan throughout the whole series. However, even with the return of Kidd in the next round, the Suns fell to the eventual champion Los Angeles Lakers in a 4\u20131 series. The Suns continued to make the playoffs until the 2001\u201302 season when they fell short for the first time in 14 years. That season marked the trade of Jason Kidd, partly due to a publicized domestic violence episode, to the New Jersey Nets for Stephon Marbury. With the resultant high draft pick, the Suns were able to draft Amar'e Stoudemire. The 2002\u201303 campaign saw the emergence of Stoudemire, a graduate of Cypress Creek High School (Orlando, Florida). He became the first high school-drafted player to win the NBA Rookie of the Year for the 2002\u201303 season, during which the Suns posted a record of 44\u201338 and returned to the playoffs.", "1999\u20132000 Phoenix Suns season The 1999\u20132000 NBA season was the 32nd season for the National Basketball Association's Phoenix Suns. During the offseason, the Suns acquired All-Star guard Anfernee Hardaway from the Orlando Magic, and signed free agent Rodney Rogers while re-signing former Suns center Oliver Miller. Scott Skiles would come on as head coach, replacing Danny Ainge after a 13\u20137 start to the season. The Suns would finish third in the Pacific Division at 53\u201329, and extend the franchise's record for playoff appearances before losing in the Western Conference semifinals. Clifford Robinson led the team in scoring at 18.5 points per game. Hardaway, Jason Kidd, Rodney Rogers, Tom Gugliotta, and top draft pick Shawn Marion rounded out a list of six Suns players averaging double-digits in points. Kidd led the NBA in assists per game and was tied for fifth in steals, while being selected for the 2000 NBA All-Star Game. Rogers finished the regular season fourth in three-point field goal percentage, and won the NBA Sixth Man of the Year Award. Kidd would earn All-NBA First Team and NBA All-Defensive Second Team honors. In March, former Suns guard Kevin Johnson came out of his retirement and played in six games. He would then retire for the second time after the playoffs. The Suns finished with the same regular season record, but did not have home court advantage going into their first round match-up with the defending champion San Antonio Spurs. Still, the Suns would advance to their first conference semifinals appearance since the 1994\u201395 season en route to taking the series three games to one. The Suns lost in the conference semifinals to new league MVP Shaquille O'Neal and the eventual champion Los Angeles Lakers four games to one."], "answer": {"text": "during the 1996-97 season.", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Kidd do with the Phoenix Suns?", "answer": {"text": "He also led the NBA with seven triple-doubles", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d22113f7893a4daea05c2fabc045445b_1_q#2", "question": "What was his best season?", "rewrite": "What was Kidd's best season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jodie Kidd Jodie Elizabeth Kidd (born in Guildford) is an English fashion model, race car driver, and television personality. Kidd was born in 1978, the daughter of the businessman and former showjumper Johnny Kidd. One of Kidd's maternal great-grandfathers was the Canadian press baron Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook. Kidd's mother, Wendy Madeleine Kidd (n\u00e9e Hodge), is one of the three daughters of Sir John Rowland Hodge, 2nd Baronet, and runs the Holders Festival on Barbados. Kidd's aunt is the model Vicki Hodge. Jodie was a showjumper as a child and attended St Michael's School, Burton Park, Petworth, West Sussex. Kidd has two siblings. Her elder sister, Jemma Kidd (born 1974), married Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Mornington, son of the current Duke of Wellington, in June 2005. Kidd's brother, Jack Kidd (born 1973) is a polo player. Kidd also has a half brother, the entrepreneur Nick D'Arcy Whiting (born 1962) and a half sister Debbie Parris (born 1964). Kidd was 15 when she was discovered by photographer Terry O'Neil on a beach in Barbados. Her modelling career began when he introduced her to model agent Laraine Ashton. When Kidd began modelling at 16 there was an uproar \u2013 accusations were made that promotion of her slender figure encouraged teenage girls to become anorexic when they tried to mimic her looks. Her skeletal figure led to accusations, because she is tall 185 cm ( 6 ft 1) and at the time her weight was (BMI of 13.6; WHO class at 16 years, \"severe thinness\") and a German magazine called her \"locuste model\", sometimes referred to as \"heroin chic\".", "Survivor columnist Dalton Ross of \"Entertainment Weekly\" also rated the season as the second best season saying that it had \u201cgreat characters and the perfect mix of solid and stupid gameplay.\u201d He then later ranked this season and \"Borneo\" as tied for the best seasons, saying, Ross, in a 2019 \"Entertainment Weekly\" oral history discussion of Erik's elimination episode, named the resulting blindside as the greatest \"Survivor\" moment in the show's history. \"Slant\" magazine gave the season a 3.5 star rating out of four, saying \u201cNever in Survivor history has there been such a string of shocking tribal councils one right after the next.\u201d Andy Dehnart of realityblurred.com also gave the season a positive review, stating that the moment where Erik gave individual immunity to Natalie helped make \u201cSurvivor: Micronesia the best season ever\u2014or at least, the best second half of a season ever.\u201d In 2014, Joe Reid of \"The Wire\" ranked it as the sixth-best season of the series. \"Survivor\" fan site \"\"Survivor\" Oz\" ranked \"Micronesia\" as the second-best season of the series (behind \"Heroes vs. Villains\") in its annual polls ranking every season in 2012 and 2013, while it was ranked fourth in 2014 and fifth in 2015 Fellow fan site \" The Purple Rock Podcast\" ranked it as the ninth-best season. In 2015, in a poll held on the website of former \"Survivor\" contestant Rob Cesternino, \"Micronesia\" was ranked as the fourth-greatest season of the series by the website's users, while Cesternino himself personally ranked it as the second-best season, only behind \"\". Seven years later, in the official \"CBS Watch\" issue commemorating \"Survivor\"<nowiki>'</nowiki", "Kidd then feuded with Yoshi Tatsu on \"NXT\", stemming from a backstage argument when Kidd broke Tatsu's toy figurine of himself and stole the leg off another. During their series of matches, the pair traded wins, and Tatsu claimed back the stolen figurine leg by winning a Necklace on a Pole match on the July 26 \"NXT\". After the match, Kidd attacked Tatsu's right leg; a week later, Kidd claimed there would be no more Yoshi Tatsu in WWE. Tatsu returned more than a month later on the September 6 \"NXT\" to defeat Kidd and end the feud. On the October 14 edition of Smackdown, Kidd was in the largest Battle Royal in history, whose the winner would get a title shot, but failed to secure the victory. In January 2012, Kidd began a face turn for the first time since 2010. After defeating Trent Barreta twice on \"NXT\", Kidd proposed that they tag team together. In late February 2012, Kidd began a feud with Michael McGillicutty after McGillicutty mocked his lack of wrestling heritage. Kidd then lost to McGillicutty on the February 29 \"NXT\". After McGillicutty insulted Kidd by claiming that Kidd would never be a true 'Hart', Kidd received a rematch on the March 21 \"NXT\", where he defeated McGillicutty to even up the score at one win each. Kidd and McGillicutty faced off in a third match on the April 11 \"NXT\", resulting in Kidd triumphant over McGillicutty. Kidd reinforced his singles dominance in \"NXT\" by first defeating Johnny Curtis on April 25, and next defeating McGillicutty and Derrick Bateman in a triple threat match on May 16.", "Kidd Kidd Curtis Stewart (born November 26, 1986), better known by his stage name Kidd Kidd (formerly known as Nutt Da Kidd), is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. He was one of the first members of Lil Wayne's label imprint, Young Money Entertainment, as a part of Southern hip hop group Sqad Up. In 2011, Kidd Kidd signed a record deal with 50 Cent's label imprint G-Unit Records and subsequently in 2014, he joined the newly reformed East Coast hip hop group, G-Unit. In 2015, he was chosen as part of \"XXL Magazine\"'s annual Freshman Class. Kidd Kidd was discovered by American hip hop recording artist Lil Wayne, while rapping on a street corner in New Orleans. Kidd Kidd went on to sign a recording contract with Wayne's record label imprint, Young Money Entertainment. He joined the label as a member of Southern hip hop group Squad Up, alongside fellow New Orleans-based rappers, Gudda Gudda and T-Streets. The group would ultimately disband and leave Young Money in 2004, due to disputes between members. Kidd Kidd would later rejoin the label and make an appearance on Lil Wayne's 2008 hit single \"Mrs. Officer\", however after not appearing in the video, Kidd Kidd severed ties with Wayne once again. In June 2011, two weeks after meeting New York City-based rapper 50 Cent, Kidd Kidd was shot six times. In July 2011, it was announced Kidd Kidd secured a recording contract with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records. 50 Cent empathized with Kidd Kidd's situation, reminiscent to his own shooting in 2000, and instead of walking away much like Columbia Records did to him, 50 Cent chose to help Kidd Kidd.", "Johnny Kidd (wrestler) John Lowing (born 20 September 1955) is a retired British professional wrestler best known under the ring name Johnny Kidd. Kidd was best known for his work during what was known as the Golden Era of British Wrestling. Kidd made his professional wrestling debut in a singles match against Tony Scarlo at the Salisbury City Hall in Salisbury, Wiltshire after being trained by the Ampthill Amateur Wrestling Club. Kidd found his most success during the Golden Era of British Wrestling when the television show \"World of Sport\" was launched featuring wrestling in the mid-1960s. A practitioner of the British style of wrestling, Kidd found little success in the more modern form of wrestling. However, Kidd would find sanctuary in old-school promotions like Revolution British Wrestling, and Premier Promotions where he won various titles. Kidd still continues to compete in wrestling to this day, wrestling for various promotions around the UK, mostly LDN Wrestling, where has competed on all 4 Legends Showdown events. Outside of wrestling Kidd is a technical advisor for Vauxhall Motors. In October 2009 Kidd lost to Matt Jarrett at GL1 Gloucester Leisure Centre. On 28 February 2010, Kidd competed in a special attraction match against Joel Redman in Tiverton, Devon for the Devon Wrestling Association, which he lost after being attacked with a steel chair. On 30 July 2011, Kidd made his debut for American promotion Chikara, defeating compatriot Johnny Saint in a match contested under World of Sport rules. The following day Saint, teaming with Mike Quackenbush, pinned Kidd, teaming with Colt Cabana, in a tag team match. Kidd made another appearance for the Devon Wrestling Association in February 2012, competing in a mountevans rules match against DWA Trophy holder Nick Riley for the Trophy itself, in which he was unsuccessful. In 2015, Kidd announced his retirement would be held in Chikara in May 2016."], "answer": {"text": "the 1998-99 season,", "answer_start": 545}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Kidd do with the Phoenix Suns?", "answer": {"text": "He also led the NBA with seven triple-doubles", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start playing for the Suns?", "answer": {"text": "during the 1996-97 season.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d22113f7893a4daea05c2fabc045445b_1_q#3", "question": "Did he set any records that season?", "rewrite": "Did Kidd set any records in 1998-1999 season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The \"Amity\" returned to Baldridge's settlement under John Ireland's command to refit; they later swapped the \"Amity\" for Richard Glover's \"Charming Mary\" and plundered ships in the Indian Ocean under captain Richard Bobbington. Tew's burial site is unknown, but he is said to be the father of Ratsimilaho, a man who created a kingdom on the east coast of Madagascar. In addition, it has been claimed that Tew was one of the founders of the mysterious (and some believe fictional) pirate colony of Libertatia. King William III commissioned Captain William Kidd to hunt down several pirates, Thomas Tew and John Ireland among them, but Tew was already dead by the time Kidd set sail. Tew's personal standard is often depicted as a flag with a white arm holding a short sword on a black field. Buccaneer Edmund Cooke used a similar design, except on a red-and-yellow striped field instead of black.", "Kidd Kidd Curtis Stewart (born November 26, 1986), better known by his stage name Kidd Kidd (formerly known as Nutt Da Kidd), is an American rapper from New Orleans, Louisiana. He was one of the first members of Lil Wayne's label imprint, Young Money Entertainment, as a part of Southern hip hop group Sqad Up. In 2011, Kidd Kidd signed a record deal with 50 Cent's label imprint G-Unit Records and subsequently in 2014, he joined the newly reformed East Coast hip hop group, G-Unit. In 2015, he was chosen as part of \"XXL Magazine\"'s annual Freshman Class. Kidd Kidd was discovered by American hip hop recording artist Lil Wayne, while rapping on a street corner in New Orleans. Kidd Kidd went on to sign a recording contract with Wayne's record label imprint, Young Money Entertainment. He joined the label as a member of Southern hip hop group Squad Up, alongside fellow New Orleans-based rappers, Gudda Gudda and T-Streets. The group would ultimately disband and leave Young Money in 2004, due to disputes between members. Kidd Kidd would later rejoin the label and make an appearance on Lil Wayne's 2008 hit single \"Mrs. Officer\", however after not appearing in the video, Kidd Kidd severed ties with Wayne once again. In June 2011, two weeks after meeting New York City-based rapper 50 Cent, Kidd Kidd was shot six times. In July 2011, it was announced Kidd Kidd secured a recording contract with 50 Cent's G-Unit Records. 50 Cent empathized with Kidd Kidd's situation, reminiscent to his own shooting in 2000, and instead of walking away much like Columbia Records did to him, 50 Cent chose to help Kidd Kidd.", "The second licensee will the UK Chapter of ASIS International www.asisonline.org www.asis.org.uk. ASIS own the Certified Protection Professional (CPP), Physical Security Professional (PSP) and Professional Certified Investigator (PCI) Certifications and ASIS UK will be admitting individuals to the Register in early 2013. The Register of Chartered Security Professionals won the 2012 \"Contribution to Standards in the Security Sector\" at the annual Security Excellence Awards in 2012. At the first annual general meeting of the Security Institute on 1 February 2001 the then Registrar and Secretary, Stewart Kidd set out the Institute's short, medium and long term objectives. The latter included the aspiration 'to become the sole professional organisation representing the security' manager and 'to achieve Chartered status'. Peter French, the director of one of the UK's largest security recruiters and at the time Senior Regional Vice President for ASIS International in Europe stated the need for a \"Chartered Security Professionals\" scheme in a 2007 interview. This need was repeated later the same year by Bill Wyllie, at the time the Chairman of the Security Institute. Stuart Lowden, Managing Director of the manned guarding company Wilson James, simultaneously stated that much work had to be done before a chartered scheme for security professionals could become reality. The Worshipful Company of Security Professionals was awarded the exclusive right to establish a Register of Chartered Security Professionals when they were given a Royal charter by the Privy Council in March 2010. Realising that they did not have the administrative capacity to run such a register they established a joint working group with the Security Institute in June 2010 with the intention of setting up a Register of Chartered Security Professionals. The Worshipful Company also specified that the Security Institute should manage the Register because they had the administrative procedures and experience to make it work in practice.", "Kidd then became involved in coaching young players before being brought back to Manchester United as a youth team coach by Alex Ferguson in 1988. Over the next three years Kidd helped to bring through a host of talented players like Ryan Giggs and Darren Ferguson. When Ferguson's assistant Archie Knox moved to a similar capacity at Glasgow Rangers in the summer of 1991, Kidd was promoted to the role of assistant manager. He helped Ferguson guide United to a Football League Cup win in 1992, the Premier League title in 1993, the double in 1994 and again in 1996, as well as another Premier League title in 1997. Kidd left United to take charge at Blackburn Rovers in December 1998, replacing Roy Hodgson who had been sacked after Blackburn's poor start to the season left them in the relegation zone. Despite Kidd having a promising start with Rovers, which saw him voted Premier League Manager of the Month and having also spent nearly \u00a320 million on new players in his first four months in charge he was unable to save them from being relegated from the Premier League (just four years after being champions) and Kidd was dismissed on 3 November 1999 with Rovers standing 19th in Division One. In 1999, a rift developed between Kidd and Alex Ferguson after Kidd was strongly criticised in Ferguson's autobiography \"Managing My Life\". Ferguson was angered that when Kidd was his assistant manager he had questioned United's 1998 summer signing of striker Dwight Yorke. Ferguson criticised Kidd's footballing judgement and wrote in his book: \"I saw Brian Kidd as a complex person, often quite insecure, particularly about his health.\" Kidd was upset at Ferguson's attack on him and responded by saying: \"I believe Walt Disney is trying to buy the film rights to his book as a sequel to Fantasia.\"", "Glenternie House Glenternie House is a Scots-Baronial style B Grade mansion built between 1863 and 1868. It is situated near the town of Peebles, Scotland. Glenternie was originally built for David Kidd Esq., of Leyton in Essex. He was a wholesale stationer in Fleet Street, and also owned the Inveresk Paper Mills. Kidd was the inventor of the modern gummed envelope. Previously, at this site stood Borthwick Church. The Church was burned down in 1847. The designs and architecture were carried out by Brown & Wardrop and notably David Bryce. On the site of Glenternie, Kidd set about building himself a mansion house complete with a coach house and stables, a drive and lodge, led by fine wrought iron gates, and a park with specimen trees. The specification for the house dated 1868 shows every single detail of what was to be built, and was signed by Kidd and nine witnesses. The masons estimate was \u00a33465. Kidd died in 1874 before the house was completed and was unable to see his fine new house finished. Soon after the house was finished, a dam forming a pond was built below the Glenternie Burn. The house was then occupied by his two sisters, Miss Pringle Kidd, and Miss Elizabeth. Pringle Kidd died in 1902 at the age of 96. The house was sold in 1903 for \u00a317,300 to Thomas Inglis, the proprietor of Bonnington Flour Mills in Edinburgh. He introduced the Belgian Hare to the Parish. He was succeeded by his brother, John, owner of John Inglis (shipbuilder), a well known shipbuilder situated in Glasgow. John died in 1922. The house was empty for 30 years. After this in 1952, it was sold to the Wolfe-Murray family, then the Morrow family."], "answer": {"text": "the only player to be ranked among the top 50 in the NBA in 10 different statistical categories.", "answer_start": 1014}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Kidd do with the Phoenix Suns?", "answer": {"text": "He also led the NBA with seven triple-doubles", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start playing for the Suns?", "answer": {"text": "during the 1996-97 season.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best season?", "answer": {"text": "the 1998-99 season,", "answer_start": 545, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d22113f7893a4daea05c2fabc045445b_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides being ranked among the top 50 in the NBA, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Agnes (name)  Agnes is a female given name, which derives from the Greek name , meaning \"pure\" or \"holy\". The name passed to Italian as Agnese, to Portuguese as In\u00eas, and to Spanish as In\u00e9s. It was the name of a popular Christian saint, Agnes of Rome, a fact which encouraged the wide use of the name. Agnes was the third most popular name for women in the English speaking world for more than 400 years. Its medieval pronunciation was \"Annis\", and its usage and many of its forms coincided with the equally popular name Anna, related in medieval and Elizabethan times to \"Agnes\", though Anne/Ann/Anna are derived from the Hebrew Hannah ('God favored me') rather than the Greek. It remained a widely used name throughout the 1960s in the United States. It was last ranked among the top 1,000 names for American baby girls during that decade. The peak of its popularity was between 1900-20, when it was among the top 50 given names for American girls. Agnes was the sixth-most popular name for girls born in Poland in 2007, having risen as high as third place in Sweden and Poland in 2006. It was also ranked among the top 100 names for baby girls born in Hungary in 2005. Ne\u017ea, a Slovene shortened variant of the name, was ranked among the top 10 names for baby girls born in Slovenia in 2008. French forms In\u00e8s and Ines were both ranked among the top 10 names for girls born in Brussels, Belgium in 2008.", "Students admitted to the program are given a small scholarship and have the opportunity to live in the honors residence hall. In 2011, the video game design program at RIT, one of two majors offered by School of Interactive Games and Media in the B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing and Information Sciences, was recognized by The Princeton Review as one of the top 10 programs in the country for video game design, with the undergraduate program ranking ninth, and the master's degree graduate program ranking fourth. The program as a whole has improved its standing in the Princeton Review ranking the following year, moving up to sixth for undergraduate and second for graduate in the rankings released March 1, 2012. In 2017, RIT was ranked No. 97 (tie) in the National Universities category by US News and World Report. Business Insider ranked RIT No. 14 in Northeast and No. 36 in the country for Computer Science. RIT was ranked among the top 50 national universities in a national survey of \"High School Counselors Top College Picks\". RIT's Saunders College of Business ranked No. 26 in the United States for \"Best Online MBA Programs\" for the online executive MBA program by US News and World Report. Times Higher Education/ The Wall Street Journal ranked the MBA program at Saunders College of Business No. 54 among business colleges and universities around the world for the year 2019. RIT was ranked among the top 20 universities recognized for excellent co-operative learning and internship programs. It was further placed at No. 24 in the top 30 universities for Computer Science with the best Returns on Investment (ROI) in the US. College Factual, the ranking data provider for USA Today College Guide 2019, ranked RIT in various academic areas as follows: The Princeton Review ranked RIT No. 8 nationally for \"Top Schools for Video Game Design for 2019\" in undergraduate programs and No. 7 in graduate programs.", "Ranked amongst the Top 50 Private B-School for Selection Process by Business Today, Oct, 2017 14. Ranked amongst the Top 50 Private B-School in India by Outlook, Oct. 2017 15. Ranked amongst the Top 50 Private B-School in India for Placements by Outlook, Oct. 2017 16. Ranked 46th Top B-School in India. (Source: Times & Nielsen Survey, Times Top B School Survey, 31 March 2014. Times of India) 17. Ranked amongst the Top 50 Private B-Schools in the country (Source: The Week-Hansa Research Best College Survey 2013) 18. Ranked amongst the Top 50 B-Schools in India (Source: Business Today A C Neilsons, 2012) 19. Ranked amongst the top 50 Private B-schools in India (Source: MBA Universe B-School Ranking 2013-14) 20. One amongst the Top 3 B-Schools in Telecom Management in India (Source: Outlook September 2004) 21. Awarded Best Academic & Industry Interface Education Institute at the World Education Congress 2012, Mumbai. 22. Asia's Best B- School Award 2011, Singapore, has awarded BITM as Best Emerging B-School in South East Asia 23. Asia's Best B-School Awards 2011, Singapore has awarded BITM as 'Business School with best industry interface' Why BITM \u2022 The students of BITM get placed in various profiles like Consultant, Business Analyst, Business Development Manager, Management Trainee, Project Manager, Product Manager, Territory Sales Manager, Pres Sales Consultant, Domain Specialists etc. The combined campus of Sri Balaji Society, Pune is spread over a area overlooking the city of Pune. The BITM campus is on Mumbai-Bangalore Pass Highway.", "Working closely with strategically partnering corporations, SEI designs and delivers custom programs and services based on in-depth research in order to achieve their respective strategic business objectives. SEI regularly hosts conferences to provide and exchange with sales and sales management practitioners its most cutting-edge research findings. It is host to the annual Selling and Sales Management Conference. Bauer has been ranked among the top business schools in the US and is considered among the top 60 worldwide. It has been ranked the best entrepreneurship program in the United States by both the Princeton Review and BusinessWeek. Full-time MBA program ranked 94th in the nation among 437 schools of business. (U.S. News & World Report 2011) The evening MBA program is ranked 27th nationally, 4th regionally, and 1st in Houston (BusinessWeek 2007) The Cougar Fund is ranked the #1 student stock analysis team in the United States and #3 in the world. Ranked in the top 50 among public undergraduate business schools (BusinessWeek 2007) Ranked 52nd among all undergraduate business schools (BusinessWeek 2010) Ranked 1st among the top undergraduate entrepreneurship programs (Princeton Review, BusinessWeek Magazine, and Entrepreneur Magazine 2008) Ranked 40th among public undergraduate business schools (U.S. News & World Report 2008) Top Undergraduate Business Program in Houston Top Undergraduate Sales Program in the U.S. (largest enrollment and most extensive curriculum) MBA Program is ranked 5th among public universities for producing CEOs of S&P 500 companies EMBA Program is ranked 17th in the U.S. among public EMBA programs (2004 Financial Times) EMBA Program is ranked 76th in the World (2006 Financial Times) Finance faculty is ranked 8th in the country by the Academic Analytics\u2019 Faculty Scholarly Productivity (FSP) Index This is a partial list of notable alumni of Bauer College of Business. Names on this list should either have an accompanying existing article link which verifies", "The University of Maryland is ranked among Teach for America's Top 20 Colleges and Universities contributing the greatest number of graduating seniors to its 2017 teaching corps. Kiplinger's Personal Finance 100 Best Values in Public Colleges 2015 ranked the University 9th for in-state students. For the fourth consecutive year in 2015, the university is ranked 1st in the U.S. for the number of Boren Scholarship recipients \u2013 with 9 students receiving awards for intensive international language study. The university is ranked as a Top Producing Institution of Fulbright U.S. Students and Scholars for the 2017-2018 academic year by the United States Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. In 2016, University of Maryland ranked in the Top 50 Online Colleges with the Highest Student Satisfaction by OnlineCollegePlan.com. In 2017, the University of Maryland was ranked among the top 50 universities in the 2018 Best Global Universities Rankings by U.S. News & World Report based on its high academic research performance and global reputation. For the third consecutive year in 2018, the University of Maryland is ranked among the top 10 universities in The Princeton Review\u2019s annual survey of the Top Schools for Innovation & Entrepreneurship. The campus of the university is noted for its red-brick Georgian buildings and its large central lawn, named McKeldin Mall and nicknamed \"The Mall\", which is the largest academic mall in the United States. White columns decorate many buildings, with around 770 columns existing on campus. Spanning the university's are 7,500 documented trees and garden plantings, leading the American Public Gardens Association to designate the campus the University of Maryland Arboretum & Botanical Garden in 2008. The designation has allowed the university to showcase species and gardens, including native plantings. There are arboretum tours, such as the centralized Tree Walking Tour which is based around McKeldin Mall and features 56 specimen trees."], "answer": {"text": "in 1998, 2000, and 2001 (in 1999 it was not held because of a lockout) and led the NBA in assists for three consecutive years (1999-2001).", "answer_start": 852}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Kidd do with the Phoenix Suns?", "answer": {"text": "He also led the NBA with seven triple-doubles", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start playing for the Suns?", "answer": {"text": "during the 1996-97 season.", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his best season?", "answer": {"text": "the 1998-99 season,", "answer_start": 545, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records that season?", "answer": {"text": "the only player to be ranked among the top 50 in the NBA in 10 different statistical categories.", "answer_start": 1014, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#0", "question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "rewrite": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The second album, titled \"Second Sitting\", was released in 1981 and contained audio from \"Basil the Rat\" (as \"The Rat\") and \"The Builders\". \"Fawlty Towers\" originally was released by BBC Video in 1984, with three episodes on each of four tapes. Each tape was edited with the credits from all three episodes put at the end of the tape. A Laserdisc containing all episodes spliced together as a continuous episode was released in the U.S. on 23 June 1993. It was re-released in 1994, unedited but digitally remastered. It also was re-released in 1998 with a special interview with John Cleese. \" Fawlty Towers \u2013 The Complete Series\" was released on DVD on 16 October 2001, available in regions 1, 2 and 4. A \"Collector's Edition\" is available in region 2. Series one of the show was released on UMD Video for PSP. In July 2009, BBC America announced a DVD re-release of the \"Fawlty Towers\" series. The DVD set was released on 20 October 2009. The reissue, titled \"Fawlty Towers Remastered: Special Edition,\" contains commentary by John Cleese on every episode as well as remastered video and audio. All episodes are occasionally available as streamed video-on-demand via Netflix and Amazon Instant Videos as well. Both series are available for download on iTunes. A \"Fawlty Towers\" game was released on PC in 2000 and featured a number of interactive games, desktop-customizing content and clips from the show.", "In November 2007, Prunella Scales returned to the role of Sybil Fawlty in a series of sketches for the BBC's annual \"Children in Need\" charity telethon. The character was seen taking over the management of the eponymous hotel from the BBC drama series \"Hotel Babylon,\" interacting with characters from that programme as well as other 1970s sitcom characters. The character of Sybil was used by permission of John Cleese. In 2007, the Los Angeles Film School produced seven episodes of \"Fawlty Tower Oxnard\" starring Robert Romanus as Basil Fawlty. In 2016, Cleese reprised his role as Basil in a series of TV adverts for High Street optician chain Specsavers. The same year, Cleese and Booth reunited to create and co-write the official theatrical adaptation of \"Fawlty Towers\", which premiered in Melbourne at the Comedy Theatre. It was critically well received, subsequently embarking on a successful tour of Australia. Cleese was intimately involved in the creation of the stage version from the beginning, including in the casting. He visited Australia to promote the adaptation, as well as oversee its success. Melbourne was chosen to premiere the adaptation due to \"Fawlty Towers' \" enduring popularity in Australia, and also because it has become a popular international test market for large-scale theatrical productions in recent years, having recently been the city where the revised \"Love Never Dies\" and the new \"King Kong\" were also premiered. Cleese also noted he did not believe the London press would give the adaptation fair, unbiased reviews, so he deliberately chose to premiere it elsewhere. In 2009, Tiger Aspect Productions produced a two-part documentary for the digital comedy channel Gold, called \"Fawlty Towers: Re-Opened.\"", "Connie Booth Connie Booth (born 1939/40 or 1941 or 1944) is an American-born writer, actress, comedian and psychotherapist based in Britain. She has appeared in several British television programmes and films, including her role as Polly Sherman on BBC2's \"Fawlty Towers\", which she co-wrote with her then-husband John Cleese. For 30 years Booth declined to talk about \"Fawlty Towers\" until she agreed to participate in a documentary about the series for the digital channel Gold in 2009. Booth's father was a Wall Street stock broker and her mother an actress. They moved to New York State after Connie's birth in Indianapolis, Indiana. Booth entered acting and worked as a Broadway understudy and waitress, meeting John Cleese while he was working in New York City. She married Cleese on February 20, 1968. Booth secured parts in episodes of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" (1969\u201374) and in the Python films \" And Now for Something Completely Different\" (1971) and \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\" (1975, as a woman accused of being a witch). She also appeared in \"How to Irritate People\" (1968), a pre-Monty Python film starring Cleese and other future Monty Python members; a short film titled \"Romance with a Double Bass\" (1974) adapted by Cleese from a short story by Anton Chekhov; and \"The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It\" (1977), Cleese's Sherlock Holmes spoof, as Mrs. Hudson. Booth and Cleese went on to write and co-star in \"Fawlty Towers\" (1975 and 1979), in which she played waitress and chambermaid Polly.", "The Anniversary\" is one of the few episodes in which Basil tries to be nice to Sybil, who misreads the situation and believes he has forgotten their anniversary. John Cleese reprised the role of Basil in the song \"Don't Mention the World Cup\", an allusion to \"don\u2019t mention the war\" from the \"Fawlty Towers\" episode \"The Germans\", for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which was played in Germany. Cleese appeared as Basil in a 2016 TV advertisement for Specsavers during which, in a reference to the \"Fawlty Towers\" episode \"Gourmet Night\" where the character thrashes his car with a branch, Basil accidentally attacks an adjacent police car, mistaking it for his own. \"Fawlty Towers\" was inspired by the Monty Python team's stay in the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay. Cleese and Booth stayed on at the hotel after filming for the Python show had finished. The owner, Mr Donald Sinclair, was very rude, throwing a bus timetable at a guest who asked when the next bus to town would arrive and placing Eric Idle's suitcase behind a wall in the garden in case it contained a bomb (actually it contained a ticking alarm clock). He also criticised the American-born Terry Gilliam's table manners for being too American (he had the fork in what Sinclair considered to be the wrong hand while eating). Cleese used the name \"Donald Sinclair\" for his character in the 2001 film \"Rat Race\". In the episode \"The Builders\", Fawlty refers to a local hotel or restaurant called \"Gleneagles\" while talking to Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs. The name 'Basil' comes from Basil Street, where Cleese lived for some time.", "Fawlty Towers Fawlty Towers is a British television sitcom broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Just two series of six episodes each were made. The show was created and written by John Cleese and Connie Booth, who also starred in the show and were married at the time of the first series, but divorced before recording the second series. The show was ranked first on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, and in 2019 it was named the \"greatest ever British TV sitcom\" by a panel of comedy experts compiled by the \"Radio Times\". The series is set in Fawlty Towers, a fictional hotel in the seaside town of Torquay on the \"English Riviera\". The plots centre on the tense, rude and put-upon owner Basil Fawlty (Cleese), his bossy wife Sybil (Prunella Scales), the sensible chambermaid Polly (Booth) who often is the peacemaker and voice of reason, and the hapless and English-challenged Spanish waiter Manuel (Andrew Sachs), showing their attempts to run the hotel amidst farcical situations and an array of demanding and eccentric guests and tradespeople. The idea of the show came from Cleese after he stayed at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay, Devon in 1970 (along with the rest of the Monty Python troupe) where he encountered the eccentric hotel owner Donald Sinclair. Stuffy and snobbish, Sinclair treated guests as though they were a hindrance to his running of the hotel ( a waitress who worked for him stated \"it was as if he didn't want the guests to be there\"). Sinclair was the inspiration for Cleese's character Basil Fawlty."], "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#1", "question": "When did he begin there?", "rewrite": "When did John Cleese begin acting in Fawlty Towers?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Anniversary\" is one of the few episodes in which Basil tries to be nice to Sybil, who misreads the situation and believes he has forgotten their anniversary. John Cleese reprised the role of Basil in the song \"Don't Mention the World Cup\", an allusion to \"don\u2019t mention the war\" from the \"Fawlty Towers\" episode \"The Germans\", for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which was played in Germany. Cleese appeared as Basil in a 2016 TV advertisement for Specsavers during which, in a reference to the \"Fawlty Towers\" episode \"Gourmet Night\" where the character thrashes his car with a branch, Basil accidentally attacks an adjacent police car, mistaking it for his own. \"Fawlty Towers\" was inspired by the Monty Python team's stay in the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay. Cleese and Booth stayed on at the hotel after filming for the Python show had finished. The owner, Mr Donald Sinclair, was very rude, throwing a bus timetable at a guest who asked when the next bus to town would arrive and placing Eric Idle's suitcase behind a wall in the garden in case it contained a bomb (actually it contained a ticking alarm clock). He also criticised the American-born Terry Gilliam's table manners for being too American (he had the fork in what Sinclair considered to be the wrong hand while eating). Cleese used the name \"Donald Sinclair\" for his character in the 2001 film \"Rat Race\". In the episode \"The Builders\", Fawlty refers to a local hotel or restaurant called \"Gleneagles\" while talking to Miss Gatsby and Miss Tibbs. The name 'Basil' comes from Basil Street, where Cleese lived for some time.", "Connie Booth Connie Booth (born 1939/40 or 1941 or 1944) is an American-born writer, actress, comedian and psychotherapist based in Britain. She has appeared in several British television programmes and films, including her role as Polly Sherman on BBC2's \"Fawlty Towers\", which she co-wrote with her then-husband John Cleese. For 30 years Booth declined to talk about \"Fawlty Towers\" until she agreed to participate in a documentary about the series for the digital channel Gold in 2009. Booth's father was a Wall Street stock broker and her mother an actress. They moved to New York State after Connie's birth in Indianapolis, Indiana. Booth entered acting and worked as a Broadway understudy and waitress, meeting John Cleese while he was working in New York City. She married Cleese on February 20, 1968. Booth secured parts in episodes of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" (1969\u201374) and in the Python films \" And Now for Something Completely Different\" (1971) and \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\" (1975, as a woman accused of being a witch). She also appeared in \"How to Irritate People\" (1968), a pre-Monty Python film starring Cleese and other future Monty Python members; a short film titled \"Romance with a Double Bass\" (1974) adapted by Cleese from a short story by Anton Chekhov; and \"The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It\" (1977), Cleese's Sherlock Holmes spoof, as Mrs. Hudson. Booth and Cleese went on to write and co-star in \"Fawlty Towers\" (1975 and 1979), in which she played waitress and chambermaid Polly.", "Fawlty Towers Fawlty Towers is a British television sitcom broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Just two series of six episodes each were made. The show was created and written by John Cleese and Connie Booth, who also starred in the show and were married at the time of the first series, but divorced before recording the second series. The show was ranked first on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, and in 2019 it was named the \"greatest ever British TV sitcom\" by a panel of comedy experts compiled by the \"Radio Times\". The series is set in Fawlty Towers, a fictional hotel in the seaside town of Torquay on the \"English Riviera\". The plots centre on the tense, rude and put-upon owner Basil Fawlty (Cleese), his bossy wife Sybil (Prunella Scales), the sensible chambermaid Polly (Booth) who often is the peacemaker and voice of reason, and the hapless and English-challenged Spanish waiter Manuel (Andrew Sachs), showing their attempts to run the hotel amidst farcical situations and an array of demanding and eccentric guests and tradespeople. The idea of the show came from Cleese after he stayed at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay, Devon in 1970 (along with the rest of the Monty Python troupe) where he encountered the eccentric hotel owner Donald Sinclair. Stuffy and snobbish, Sinclair treated guests as though they were a hindrance to his running of the hotel ( a waitress who worked for him stated \"it was as if he didn't want the guests to be there\"). Sinclair was the inspiration for Cleese's character Basil Fawlty.", "In November 2007, Prunella Scales returned to the role of Sybil Fawlty in a series of sketches for the BBC's annual \"Children in Need\" charity telethon. The character was seen taking over the management of the eponymous hotel from the BBC drama series \"Hotel Babylon,\" interacting with characters from that programme as well as other 1970s sitcom characters. The character of Sybil was used by permission of John Cleese. In 2007, the Los Angeles Film School produced seven episodes of \"Fawlty Tower Oxnard\" starring Robert Romanus as Basil Fawlty. In 2016, Cleese reprised his role as Basil in a series of TV adverts for High Street optician chain Specsavers. The same year, Cleese and Booth reunited to create and co-write the official theatrical adaptation of \"Fawlty Towers\", which premiered in Melbourne at the Comedy Theatre. It was critically well received, subsequently embarking on a successful tour of Australia. Cleese was intimately involved in the creation of the stage version from the beginning, including in the casting. He visited Australia to promote the adaptation, as well as oversee its success. Melbourne was chosen to premiere the adaptation due to \"Fawlty Towers' \" enduring popularity in Australia, and also because it has become a popular international test market for large-scale theatrical productions in recent years, having recently been the city where the revised \"Love Never Dies\" and the new \"King Kong\" were also premiered. Cleese also noted he did not believe the London press would give the adaptation fair, unbiased reviews, so he deliberately chose to premiere it elsewhere. In 2009, Tiger Aspect Productions produced a two-part documentary for the digital comedy channel Gold, called \"Fawlty Towers: Re-Opened.\"", "The second album, titled \"Second Sitting\", was released in 1981 and contained audio from \"Basil the Rat\" (as \"The Rat\") and \"The Builders\". \"Fawlty Towers\" originally was released by BBC Video in 1984, with three episodes on each of four tapes. Each tape was edited with the credits from all three episodes put at the end of the tape. A Laserdisc containing all episodes spliced together as a continuous episode was released in the U.S. on 23 June 1993. It was re-released in 1994, unedited but digitally remastered. It also was re-released in 1998 with a special interview with John Cleese. \" Fawlty Towers \u2013 The Complete Series\" was released on DVD on 16 October 2001, available in regions 1, 2 and 4. A \"Collector's Edition\" is available in region 2. Series one of the show was released on UMD Video for PSP. In July 2009, BBC America announced a DVD re-release of the \"Fawlty Towers\" series. The DVD set was released on 20 October 2009. The reissue, titled \"Fawlty Towers Remastered: Special Edition,\" contains commentary by John Cleese on every episode as well as remastered video and audio. All episodes are occasionally available as streamed video-on-demand via Netflix and Amazon Instant Videos as well. Both series are available for download on iTunes. A \"Fawlty Towers\" game was released on PC in 2000 and featured a number of interactive games, desktop-customizing content and clips from the show."], "answer": {"text": "The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2,", "answer_start": 1311}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#2", "question": "Was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was the show Fawlty Towers  successful?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Payne (TV series) Payne is an American sitcom based after the British program \"Fawlty Towers\". It starred John Larroquette, who was also an executive producer for the series. \"Payne\" was a mid-season replacement on CBS and aired in March and April 1999. The show also starred JoBeth Williams, Julie Benz and Rick Batalla. Despite fairly positive reception, and receiving the blessing of John Cleese, who agreed to take a recurring role as the antagonistic rival hotelier if the show was renewed, \"Payne\" was quickly cancelled. Nine episodes were filmed; eight were aired. \"Payne\" was a remake of \"Fawlty Towers\", though set in this version at an ambiguous location on the coast of California, as opposed to Torquay, England, in \"Fawlty Towers\". The action takes place at the Whispering Pines Inn, owned and operated by Royal Payne and his wife, Constance. Royal was always trying to improve the quality of his hotel and eventually franchise the place, in search of immortal legendary status as a hotelier, like Hilton or Waldorf. The pilot episode, \"Pacific Ocean Duck\" (which actually aired fifth in sequence), merged the plots of the \"Fawlty Towers\" episodes \"Gourmet Night\" and \"The Hotel Inspectors\". Mirroring the opening of each episode of Fawlty Towers, each episode opened with a closeup of the \"Whispering Pines\" sign, which would either fall over or a letter or other piece of it would fall off as we viewed it. In an episode involving the hotel dealing with a hurricane (\"I Never Forget a Facelift\"), the winds of the storm blow the sign away completely. Episodes aired in the UK on the ITV network soon after the series run. Episode 8 was also broadcast in the UK unlike CBS.", "In November 2007, Prunella Scales returned to the role of Sybil Fawlty in a series of sketches for the BBC's annual \"Children in Need\" charity telethon. The character was seen taking over the management of the eponymous hotel from the BBC drama series \"Hotel Babylon,\" interacting with characters from that programme as well as other 1970s sitcom characters. The character of Sybil was used by permission of John Cleese. In 2007, the Los Angeles Film School produced seven episodes of \"Fawlty Tower Oxnard\" starring Robert Romanus as Basil Fawlty. In 2016, Cleese reprised his role as Basil in a series of TV adverts for High Street optician chain Specsavers. The same year, Cleese and Booth reunited to create and co-write the official theatrical adaptation of \"Fawlty Towers\", which premiered in Melbourne at the Comedy Theatre. It was critically well received, subsequently embarking on a successful tour of Australia. Cleese was intimately involved in the creation of the stage version from the beginning, including in the casting. He visited Australia to promote the adaptation, as well as oversee its success. Melbourne was chosen to premiere the adaptation due to \"Fawlty Towers' \" enduring popularity in Australia, and also because it has become a popular international test market for large-scale theatrical productions in recent years, having recently been the city where the revised \"Love Never Dies\" and the new \"King Kong\" were also premiered. Cleese also noted he did not believe the London press would give the adaptation fair, unbiased reviews, so he deliberately chose to premiere it elsewhere. In 2009, Tiger Aspect Productions produced a two-part documentary for the digital comedy channel Gold, called \"Fawlty Towers: Re-Opened.\"", "Sybil Fawlty Sybil Fawlty is a fictional character from the BBC sitcom \"Fawlty Towers\". She is played by Prunella Scales. Her age is listed as 34 years old as seen on her medical chart in the 1975 episode \"The Germans\", presumably indicating she was born in 1941. Scales was 43 years old when \"Fawlty Towers\" began production. She is Basil Fawlty's wife, and the only regular character in the series who usually refers to him by his first name (Major Gowen addresses Basil by his first name in \"Communication Problems\"). Sybil is a far more effective worker and manager than Basil; she handles crises calmly, picks up the pieces after a nasty confrontation and stays polite to guests. Unlike, Basil, who yearns to turn Fawlty Towers into \"an establishment of class\", catering exclusively to the highborn members of society, Sybil is more realistic and down-to-earth when it comes to clientele, and all that concerns her is the hotel making money rather than the class of guest who stay there. Despite her effectiveness as a worker, she is known to be extremely lazy; during busy check-in sessions or meal-times, while everyone else is busy working around her, she's frequently seen talking on the phone to one of her friends (usually 'Audrey', who makes an appearance in \"The Anniversary\"), smoking, chatting with customers, or reading Harold Robbins' novels. In \"The Kipper and the Corpse\", she does little to help Basil, Manuel and Polly with the disposal of Mr. Leeman's body, prompting Basil to direct all the complaints to her. He does the same trick in \"Waldorf Salad\".", "The second album, titled \"Second Sitting\", was released in 1981 and contained audio from \"Basil the Rat\" (as \"The Rat\") and \"The Builders\". \"Fawlty Towers\" originally was released by BBC Video in 1984, with three episodes on each of four tapes. Each tape was edited with the credits from all three episodes put at the end of the tape. A Laserdisc containing all episodes spliced together as a continuous episode was released in the U.S. on 23 June 1993. It was re-released in 1994, unedited but digitally remastered. It also was re-released in 1998 with a special interview with John Cleese. \" Fawlty Towers \u2013 The Complete Series\" was released on DVD on 16 October 2001, available in regions 1, 2 and 4. A \"Collector's Edition\" is available in region 2. Series one of the show was released on UMD Video for PSP. In July 2009, BBC America announced a DVD re-release of the \"Fawlty Towers\" series. The DVD set was released on 20 October 2009. The reissue, titled \"Fawlty Towers Remastered: Special Edition,\" contains commentary by John Cleese on every episode as well as remastered video and audio. All episodes are occasionally available as streamed video-on-demand via Netflix and Amazon Instant Videos as well. Both series are available for download on iTunes. A \"Fawlty Towers\" game was released on PC in 2000 and featured a number of interactive games, desktop-customizing content and clips from the show.", "John Lennon was a fan of the show. He said in 1980: \"I love \"Fawlty Towers\". I'd like to be in that. [It's] the greatest show I've seen in years... what a masterpiece, a beautiful thing.\" Filmmaker Martin Scorsese has remarked he is a great fan of \"Fawlty Towers\" and named \"The Germans\" as his favourite episode. He described the scene with Basil impersonating Hitler as \" so tasteless, it's hilarious\". Four attempted remakes of \"Fawlty Towers\" were started for the American market, with three making it into production. The first, \"Chateau Snavely\" starring Harvey Korman and Betty White, was produced by ABC for a pilot in 1978, but the transfer from coastal hotel to highway motel proved too much and the series never was produced. The second, also by ABC, was \"Amanda's,\" starring Bea Arthur, notable for switching the sexes of its Basil and Sybil equivalents. It also failed to pick up a major audience and was dropped after eight episodes had been aired, although 13 episodes were shot. A third remake, called \"Payne\" (produced by and starring John Larroquette), was produced in 1999, but was cancelled shortly after. Nine episodes were produced of which eight aired on American television (though the complete run was broadcast overseas). A German pilot based on the sitcom was made in 2001, named \"Zum letzten Kliff,\" but further episodes were not made. The popular sitcoms \"3rd Rock from the Sun\" and \"Cheers\" (in both of which Cleese made guest appearances) have cited \"Fawlty Towers\" as an inspiration, especially regarding its depiction of a dysfunctional workplace \"family\"."], "answer": {"text": "initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year.", "answer_start": 1374}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin there?", "answer": {"text": "The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2,", "answer_start": 1311, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#3", "question": "What else did you find interesting about this?", "rewrite": "Other than gaining momentum after initial poor reviews, what else did you find interesting about the show Fawlty Towers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The second album, titled \"Second Sitting\", was released in 1981 and contained audio from \"Basil the Rat\" (as \"The Rat\") and \"The Builders\". \"Fawlty Towers\" originally was released by BBC Video in 1984, with three episodes on each of four tapes. Each tape was edited with the credits from all three episodes put at the end of the tape. A Laserdisc containing all episodes spliced together as a continuous episode was released in the U.S. on 23 June 1993. It was re-released in 1994, unedited but digitally remastered. It also was re-released in 1998 with a special interview with John Cleese. \" Fawlty Towers \u2013 The Complete Series\" was released on DVD on 16 October 2001, available in regions 1, 2 and 4. A \"Collector's Edition\" is available in region 2. Series one of the show was released on UMD Video for PSP. In July 2009, BBC America announced a DVD re-release of the \"Fawlty Towers\" series. The DVD set was released on 20 October 2009. The reissue, titled \"Fawlty Towers Remastered: Special Edition,\" contains commentary by John Cleese on every episode as well as remastered video and audio. All episodes are occasionally available as streamed video-on-demand via Netflix and Amazon Instant Videos as well. Both series are available for download on iTunes. A \"Fawlty Towers\" game was released on PC in 2000 and featured a number of interactive games, desktop-customizing content and clips from the show.", "Sybil Fawlty Sybil Fawlty is a fictional character from the BBC sitcom \"Fawlty Towers\". She is played by Prunella Scales. Her age is listed as 34 years old as seen on her medical chart in the 1975 episode \"The Germans\", presumably indicating she was born in 1941. Scales was 43 years old when \"Fawlty Towers\" began production. She is Basil Fawlty's wife, and the only regular character in the series who usually refers to him by his first name (Major Gowen addresses Basil by his first name in \"Communication Problems\"). Sybil is a far more effective worker and manager than Basil; she handles crises calmly, picks up the pieces after a nasty confrontation and stays polite to guests. Unlike, Basil, who yearns to turn Fawlty Towers into \"an establishment of class\", catering exclusively to the highborn members of society, Sybil is more realistic and down-to-earth when it comes to clientele, and all that concerns her is the hotel making money rather than the class of guest who stay there. Despite her effectiveness as a worker, she is known to be extremely lazy; during busy check-in sessions or meal-times, while everyone else is busy working around her, she's frequently seen talking on the phone to one of her friends (usually 'Audrey', who makes an appearance in \"The Anniversary\"), smoking, chatting with customers, or reading Harold Robbins' novels. In \"The Kipper and the Corpse\", she does little to help Basil, Manuel and Polly with the disposal of Mr. Leeman's body, prompting Basil to direct all the complaints to her. He does the same trick in \"Waldorf Salad\".", "John Lennon was a fan of the show. He said in 1980: \"I love \"Fawlty Towers\". I'd like to be in that. [It's] the greatest show I've seen in years... what a masterpiece, a beautiful thing.\" Filmmaker Martin Scorsese has remarked he is a great fan of \"Fawlty Towers\" and named \"The Germans\" as his favourite episode. He described the scene with Basil impersonating Hitler as \" so tasteless, it's hilarious\". Four attempted remakes of \"Fawlty Towers\" were started for the American market, with three making it into production. The first, \"Chateau Snavely\" starring Harvey Korman and Betty White, was produced by ABC for a pilot in 1978, but the transfer from coastal hotel to highway motel proved too much and the series never was produced. The second, also by ABC, was \"Amanda's,\" starring Bea Arthur, notable for switching the sexes of its Basil and Sybil equivalents. It also failed to pick up a major audience and was dropped after eight episodes had been aired, although 13 episodes were shot. A third remake, called \"Payne\" (produced by and starring John Larroquette), was produced in 1999, but was cancelled shortly after. Nine episodes were produced of which eight aired on American television (though the complete run was broadcast overseas). A German pilot based on the sitcom was made in 2001, named \"Zum letzten Kliff,\" but further episodes were not made. The popular sitcoms \"3rd Rock from the Sun\" and \"Cheers\" (in both of which Cleese made guest appearances) have cited \"Fawlty Towers\" as an inspiration, especially regarding its depiction of a dysfunctional workplace \"family\".", "Payne (TV series) Payne is an American sitcom based after the British program \"Fawlty Towers\". It starred John Larroquette, who was also an executive producer for the series. \"Payne\" was a mid-season replacement on CBS and aired in March and April 1999. The show also starred JoBeth Williams, Julie Benz and Rick Batalla. Despite fairly positive reception, and receiving the blessing of John Cleese, who agreed to take a recurring role as the antagonistic rival hotelier if the show was renewed, \"Payne\" was quickly cancelled. Nine episodes were filmed; eight were aired. \"Payne\" was a remake of \"Fawlty Towers\", though set in this version at an ambiguous location on the coast of California, as opposed to Torquay, England, in \"Fawlty Towers\". The action takes place at the Whispering Pines Inn, owned and operated by Royal Payne and his wife, Constance. Royal was always trying to improve the quality of his hotel and eventually franchise the place, in search of immortal legendary status as a hotelier, like Hilton or Waldorf. The pilot episode, \"Pacific Ocean Duck\" (which actually aired fifth in sequence), merged the plots of the \"Fawlty Towers\" episodes \"Gourmet Night\" and \"The Hotel Inspectors\". Mirroring the opening of each episode of Fawlty Towers, each episode opened with a closeup of the \"Whispering Pines\" sign, which would either fall over or a letter or other piece of it would fall off as we viewed it. In an episode involving the hotel dealing with a hurricane (\"I Never Forget a Facelift\"), the winds of the storm blow the sign away completely. Episodes aired in the UK on the ITV network soon after the series run. Episode 8 was also broadcast in the UK unlike CBS.", "In November 2007, Prunella Scales returned to the role of Sybil Fawlty in a series of sketches for the BBC's annual \"Children in Need\" charity telethon. The character was seen taking over the management of the eponymous hotel from the BBC drama series \"Hotel Babylon,\" interacting with characters from that programme as well as other 1970s sitcom characters. The character of Sybil was used by permission of John Cleese. In 2007, the Los Angeles Film School produced seven episodes of \"Fawlty Tower Oxnard\" starring Robert Romanus as Basil Fawlty. In 2016, Cleese reprised his role as Basil in a series of TV adverts for High Street optician chain Specsavers. The same year, Cleese and Booth reunited to create and co-write the official theatrical adaptation of \"Fawlty Towers\", which premiered in Melbourne at the Comedy Theatre. It was critically well received, subsequently embarking on a successful tour of Australia. Cleese was intimately involved in the creation of the stage version from the beginning, including in the casting. He visited Australia to promote the adaptation, as well as oversee its success. Melbourne was chosen to premiere the adaptation due to \"Fawlty Towers' \" enduring popularity in Australia, and also because it has become a popular international test market for large-scale theatrical productions in recent years, having recently been the city where the revised \"Love Never Dies\" and the new \"King Kong\" were also premiered. Cleese also noted he did not believe the London press would give the adaptation fair, unbiased reviews, so he deliberately chose to premiere it elsewhere. In 2009, Tiger Aspect Productions produced a two-part documentary for the digital comedy channel Gold, called \"Fawlty Towers: Re-Opened.\""], "answer": {"text": "The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000,", "answer_start": 164}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin there?", "answer": {"text": "The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2,", "answer_start": 1311, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#4", "question": "Did it win any other awards ?", "rewrite": "Other than three BAFTA awards, did Fawlty Towers win any other awards ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The second album, titled \"Second Sitting\", was released in 1981 and contained audio from \"Basil the Rat\" (as \"The Rat\") and \"The Builders\". \"Fawlty Towers\" originally was released by BBC Video in 1984, with three episodes on each of four tapes. Each tape was edited with the credits from all three episodes put at the end of the tape. A Laserdisc containing all episodes spliced together as a continuous episode was released in the U.S. on 23 June 1993. It was re-released in 1994, unedited but digitally remastered. It also was re-released in 1998 with a special interview with John Cleese. \" Fawlty Towers \u2013 The Complete Series\" was released on DVD on 16 October 2001, available in regions 1, 2 and 4. A \"Collector's Edition\" is available in region 2. Series one of the show was released on UMD Video for PSP. In July 2009, BBC America announced a DVD re-release of the \"Fawlty Towers\" series. The DVD set was released on 20 October 2009. The reissue, titled \"Fawlty Towers Remastered: Special Edition,\" contains commentary by John Cleese on every episode as well as remastered video and audio. All episodes are occasionally available as streamed video-on-demand via Netflix and Amazon Instant Videos as well. Both series are available for download on iTunes. A \"Fawlty Towers\" game was released on PC in 2000 and featured a number of interactive games, desktop-customizing content and clips from the show.", "Bob Spiers Robert Alexander Spiers (27 September 1945 \u2013 8 December 2008) was a Scottish director. He is particularly noted as the director of the early series of \"Absolutely Fabulous\" (1992\u20132001), the musical comedy \"Spice World\", and of the second series of \"Fawlty Towers\" (1979). He also worked with Steven Moffat on \"Press Gang\" and \"Joking Apart\". Spiers won a BAFTA Award twice for his work as a television comedy director. Born in Glasgow, Scotland, he attended Southgate College in the 1960s. \"Jock\", as he was affectionately known at the time, organised several student trips from the college to mainland Europe, including Brussels and Cologne, during this period. Spiers joined the staff of the BBC in 1970, working as an assistant floor manager and later a production assistant, before eventually working his way up to become a director and producer. In this capacity he worked on several high-profile programmes, such as \"Dad's Army\", \"Are You Being Served?\" and \"It Ain't Half Hot Mum\", all sitcoms, a genre with which he became particularly associated. During the 1970s he met his wife, Annie. It was because of his talent for directing comedy that he was chosen to handle the second series of \"Fawlty Towers\" in 1979, which already had an enormous reputation on the basis of its initial six episodes in 1975, and it won him his first BAFTA award. Spiers subsequently provided a commentary for all the episodes he directed of \"Fawlty Towers\" when the series was released on DVD. Shortly after he directed the series and the unbroadcast pilot of \"Not the Nine O'Clock News\", Spiers left the staff of the BBC to work as a freelance director.", "In November 2007, Prunella Scales returned to the role of Sybil Fawlty in a series of sketches for the BBC's annual \"Children in Need\" charity telethon. The character was seen taking over the management of the eponymous hotel from the BBC drama series \"Hotel Babylon,\" interacting with characters from that programme as well as other 1970s sitcom characters. The character of Sybil was used by permission of John Cleese. In 2007, the Los Angeles Film School produced seven episodes of \"Fawlty Tower Oxnard\" starring Robert Romanus as Basil Fawlty. In 2016, Cleese reprised his role as Basil in a series of TV adverts for High Street optician chain Specsavers. The same year, Cleese and Booth reunited to create and co-write the official theatrical adaptation of \"Fawlty Towers\", which premiered in Melbourne at the Comedy Theatre. It was critically well received, subsequently embarking on a successful tour of Australia. Cleese was intimately involved in the creation of the stage version from the beginning, including in the casting. He visited Australia to promote the adaptation, as well as oversee its success. Melbourne was chosen to premiere the adaptation due to \"Fawlty Towers' \" enduring popularity in Australia, and also because it has become a popular international test market for large-scale theatrical productions in recent years, having recently been the city where the revised \"Love Never Dies\" and the new \"King Kong\" were also premiered. Cleese also noted he did not believe the London press would give the adaptation fair, unbiased reviews, so he deliberately chose to premiere it elsewhere. In 2009, Tiger Aspect Productions produced a two-part documentary for the digital comedy channel Gold, called \"Fawlty Towers: Re-Opened.\"", "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers, which he co-wrote with his wife Connie Booth. The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000, it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The series also featured Prunella Scales as Basil's acerbic wife Sybil, Andrew Sachs as the much abused Spanish waiter Manuel (\"... he's from Barcelona\"), and Booth as waitress Polly, the series' voice of sanity. Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair, whom he had encountered in 1970 while the Monty Python team were staying at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay while filming inserts for their television series. Reportedly, Cleese was inspired by Sinclair's mantra, \"I could run this hotel just fine if it weren't for the guests.\" He later described Sinclair as \"the most wonderfully rude man I have ever met,\" although Sinclair's widow has said her husband was totally misrepresented in the series. During the Pythons' stay, Sinclair allegedly threw Idle's briefcase out of the hotel \"in case it contained a bomb,\" complained about Gilliam's \"American\" table manners, and threw a bus timetable at another guest after they dared to ask the time of the next bus to town. The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2, initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year. Despite this, a second series did not air until 1979, by which time Cleese's marriage to Booth had ended, but they revived their collaboration for the second series.", "Payne (TV series) Payne is an American sitcom based after the British program \"Fawlty Towers\". It starred John Larroquette, who was also an executive producer for the series. \"Payne\" was a mid-season replacement on CBS and aired in March and April 1999. The show also starred JoBeth Williams, Julie Benz and Rick Batalla. Despite fairly positive reception, and receiving the blessing of John Cleese, who agreed to take a recurring role as the antagonistic rival hotelier if the show was renewed, \"Payne\" was quickly cancelled. Nine episodes were filmed; eight were aired. \"Payne\" was a remake of \"Fawlty Towers\", though set in this version at an ambiguous location on the coast of California, as opposed to Torquay, England, in \"Fawlty Towers\". The action takes place at the Whispering Pines Inn, owned and operated by Royal Payne and his wife, Constance. Royal was always trying to improve the quality of his hotel and eventually franchise the place, in search of immortal legendary status as a hotelier, like Hilton or Waldorf. The pilot episode, \"Pacific Ocean Duck\" (which actually aired fifth in sequence), merged the plots of the \"Fawlty Towers\" episodes \"Gourmet Night\" and \"The Hotel Inspectors\". Mirroring the opening of each episode of Fawlty Towers, each episode opened with a closeup of the \"Whispering Pines\" sign, which would either fall over or a letter or other piece of it would fall off as we viewed it. In an episode involving the hotel dealing with a hurricane (\"I Never Forget a Facelift\"), the winds of the storm blow the sign away completely. Episodes aired in the UK on the ITV network soon after the series run. Episode 8 was also broadcast in the UK unlike CBS."], "answer": {"text": "it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes.", "answer_start": 225}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin there?", "answer": {"text": "The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2,", "answer_start": 1311, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting about this?", "answer": {"text": "The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#5", "question": "Did they gain any notable reviews or compliments?", "rewrite": "Other than topping the list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, did Fawlty Towers gain any notable reviews or compliments?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Since 2012, Sky operate NOW TV, an Internet TV streaming service offering subscriptions without a fixed-term contract. Sky's channel portfolio has grown greatly since the launch of digital TV. Sky make their channels available via rival cable and Internet services as well as their own satellite service and NOW TV. UKTV is a multi-channel broadcaster wholly owned by BBC's commercial arm, BBC Studios. Unlike the BBC's public service channels, the UKTV channels contain advertising. It originated as a single channel, UK Gold, in 1992, with an expansion in channels from 1997 onwards. Originally the BBC shared ownership with various other broadcasters, most recently Discovery, Inc., with BBC Studios taking full control in June 2019. British television differs from other countries, such as the United States, in as much that programmes produced in the United Kingdom do not generally have a long season run of around 20 weeks. Instead, they are produced in a series, a set of episodes varying in length, usually aired over a period of a few months. See List of British television series. 100 Greatest British Television Programmes was a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute (BFI), chosen by a poll of industry professionals, to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened. Although not including any programmes made in 2000 or later, the list is useful as an indication of what were generally regarded as the most successful British programmes of the 20th century. The top 10 programmes are:  100 Greatest TV Moments was a list compiled by Channel 4 in 1999. The top 10 entries are: The majority of special events attracting large audiences are often carried on more than one channel. The most-watched programme of all time on a single channel is the 1973 wedding ceremony of The Princess Anne, shown only on BBC1.", "Fawlty Towers Fawlty Towers is a British television sitcom broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Just two series of six episodes each were made. The show was created and written by John Cleese and Connie Booth, who also starred in the show and were married at the time of the first series, but divorced before recording the second series. The show was ranked first on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, and in 2019 it was named the \"greatest ever British TV sitcom\" by a panel of comedy experts compiled by the \"Radio Times\". The series is set in Fawlty Towers, a fictional hotel in the seaside town of Torquay on the \"English Riviera\". The plots centre on the tense, rude and put-upon owner Basil Fawlty (Cleese), his bossy wife Sybil (Prunella Scales), the sensible chambermaid Polly (Booth) who often is the peacemaker and voice of reason, and the hapless and English-challenged Spanish waiter Manuel (Andrew Sachs), showing their attempts to run the hotel amidst farcical situations and an array of demanding and eccentric guests and tradespeople. The idea of the show came from Cleese after he stayed at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay, Devon in 1970 (along with the rest of the Monty Python troupe) where he encountered the eccentric hotel owner Donald Sinclair. Stuffy and snobbish, Sinclair treated guests as though they were a hindrance to his running of the hotel ( a waitress who worked for him stated \"it was as if he didn't want the guests to be there\"). Sinclair was the inspiration for Cleese's character Basil Fawlty.", "Despite the advent of commercial television and radio, with competition from ITV, Channel 4 and Sky, the BBC has remained one of the main elements in British popular culture through its obligation to produce TV and radio programmes for mass audiences. However, the arrival of BBC2 allowed the BBC also to make programmes for minority interests in drama, documentaries, current affairs, entertainment, and sport. Examples cited include the television series \"Civilisation\", \" Doctor Who\", \"I, Claudius\", \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\", \"Pot Black\", and \"Tonight\", but other examples can be given in each of these fields as shown by the BBC's entries in the British Film Institute's 2000 list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, with the BBC's acclaimed 1970s sitcom \"Fawlty Towers\" (featuring John Cleese as Basil Fawlty) topping the list. \"Top of the Pops\", the world's longest running weekly music show, first aired in January 1964, with The Rolling Stones the first to perform on it. Some BBC shows have had a direct impact on society. For example, \"The Great British Bake Off\" is credited with reinvigorating interest in baking throughout the UK, with stores reporting sharp rises in sales of baking ingredients and accessories. The export of BBC programmes both through services like the BBC World Service and BBC World News, as well as through the channels operated by BBC Worldwide, means that audiences can consume BBC productions worldwide. The term \"BBC English\" was used as an alternative name for Received Pronunciation, and the \"English Pronouncing Dictionary\" uses the term \"BBC Pronunciation\" to label its recommendations. However, the BBC itself now makes more use of regional accents in order to reflect the diversity of the UK, while continuing to expect clarity and fluency of its presenters.", "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers, which he co-wrote with his wife Connie Booth. The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000, it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The series also featured Prunella Scales as Basil's acerbic wife Sybil, Andrew Sachs as the much abused Spanish waiter Manuel (\"... he's from Barcelona\"), and Booth as waitress Polly, the series' voice of sanity. Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair, whom he had encountered in 1970 while the Monty Python team were staying at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay while filming inserts for their television series. Reportedly, Cleese was inspired by Sinclair's mantra, \"I could run this hotel just fine if it weren't for the guests.\" He later described Sinclair as \"the most wonderfully rude man I have ever met,\" although Sinclair's widow has said her husband was totally misrepresented in the series. During the Pythons' stay, Sinclair allegedly threw Idle's briefcase out of the hotel \"in case it contained a bomb,\" complained about Gilliam's \"American\" table manners, and threw a bus timetable at another guest after they dared to ask the time of the next bus to town. The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2, initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year. Despite this, a second series did not air until 1979, by which time Cleese's marriage to Booth had ended, but they revived their collaboration for the second series.", "Cleese got his revenge by naming one of the guests in the second series \"Mr. Ingrams\", who is caught in his room with a blow-up doll. In an interview for the \"TV Characters\" edition of Channel 4's 'talking heads' strand 100 Greatest (in which Basil placed second, between Homer Simpson and Edmund Blackadder) , TV critic A. A. Gill theorised that the initially muted response may have been caused by Cleese seemingly ditching his label as a comic revolutionary \u2013 earned through his years with Monty Python \u2013 to do something more traditional. In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, \"Fawlty Towers\" was placed first. It was also voted fifth in the \"Britain's Best Sitcom\" poll in 2004, and second only to \"Frasier\" in The Ultimate Sitcom poll of comedy writers in January 2006. Basil Fawlty came top of the \"Britain's Funniest Comedy Character\" poll, held by Five on 14 May 2006. In 1997, \"The Germans\" was ranked No. 12 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. Named in \"Empire\" magazine's 2016 list of the greatest TV shows of all time, the entry states,  Three British Academy Television Awards (BAFTAs) were awarded to people for their involvement with the series. Both of the series were awarded the BAFTA in the category Best Scripted Comedy, the first being won by John Howard Davies in 1976, and the second by Douglas Argent and Bob Spiers in 1980. In 1980, Cleese received the BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance. In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, \"Fawlty Towers\" was named the best British television series of all time."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin there?", "answer": {"text": "The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2,", "answer_start": 1311, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting about this?", "answer": {"text": "The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win any other awards ?", "answer": {"text": "it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes.", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#6", "question": "Anything else I should know?", "rewrite": "Other than Fawlty Towers success after initial poor reviews, winning three BAFTA awards, and topping the list of 100 Greatest British Television Programmes, what else I should know about John Cleese or Fawlty Towers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Cleese got his revenge by naming one of the guests in the second series \"Mr. Ingrams\", who is caught in his room with a blow-up doll. In an interview for the \"TV Characters\" edition of Channel 4's 'talking heads' strand 100 Greatest (in which Basil placed second, between Homer Simpson and Edmund Blackadder) , TV critic A. A. Gill theorised that the initially muted response may have been caused by Cleese seemingly ditching his label as a comic revolutionary \u2013 earned through his years with Monty Python \u2013 to do something more traditional. In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, \"Fawlty Towers\" was placed first. It was also voted fifth in the \"Britain's Best Sitcom\" poll in 2004, and second only to \"Frasier\" in The Ultimate Sitcom poll of comedy writers in January 2006. Basil Fawlty came top of the \"Britain's Funniest Comedy Character\" poll, held by Five on 14 May 2006. In 1997, \"The Germans\" was ranked No. 12 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. Named in \"Empire\" magazine's 2016 list of the greatest TV shows of all time, the entry states,  Three British Academy Television Awards (BAFTAs) were awarded to people for their involvement with the series. Both of the series were awarded the BAFTA in the category Best Scripted Comedy, the first being won by John Howard Davies in 1976, and the second by Douglas Argent and Bob Spiers in 1980. In 1980, Cleese received the BAFTA for Best Entertainment Performance. In a list drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted by industry professionals, \"Fawlty Towers\" was named the best British television series of all time.", "Connie Booth Connie Booth (born 1939/40 or 1941 or 1944) is an American-born writer, actress, comedian and psychotherapist based in Britain. She has appeared in several British television programmes and films, including her role as Polly Sherman on BBC2's \"Fawlty Towers\", which she co-wrote with her then-husband John Cleese. For 30 years Booth declined to talk about \"Fawlty Towers\" until she agreed to participate in a documentary about the series for the digital channel Gold in 2009. Booth's father was a Wall Street stock broker and her mother an actress. They moved to New York State after Connie's birth in Indianapolis, Indiana. Booth entered acting and worked as a Broadway understudy and waitress, meeting John Cleese while he was working in New York City. She married Cleese on February 20, 1968. Booth secured parts in episodes of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" (1969\u201374) and in the Python films \" And Now for Something Completely Different\" (1971) and \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\" (1975, as a woman accused of being a witch). She also appeared in \"How to Irritate People\" (1968), a pre-Monty Python film starring Cleese and other future Monty Python members; a short film titled \"Romance with a Double Bass\" (1974) adapted by Cleese from a short story by Anton Chekhov; and \"The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It\" (1977), Cleese's Sherlock Holmes spoof, as Mrs. Hudson. Booth and Cleese went on to write and co-star in \"Fawlty Towers\" (1975 and 1979), in which she played waitress and chambermaid Polly.", "The second album, titled \"Second Sitting\", was released in 1981 and contained audio from \"Basil the Rat\" (as \"The Rat\") and \"The Builders\". \"Fawlty Towers\" originally was released by BBC Video in 1984, with three episodes on each of four tapes. Each tape was edited with the credits from all three episodes put at the end of the tape. A Laserdisc containing all episodes spliced together as a continuous episode was released in the U.S. on 23 June 1993. It was re-released in 1994, unedited but digitally remastered. It also was re-released in 1998 with a special interview with John Cleese. \" Fawlty Towers \u2013 The Complete Series\" was released on DVD on 16 October 2001, available in regions 1, 2 and 4. A \"Collector's Edition\" is available in region 2. Series one of the show was released on UMD Video for PSP. In July 2009, BBC America announced a DVD re-release of the \"Fawlty Towers\" series. The DVD set was released on 20 October 2009. The reissue, titled \"Fawlty Towers Remastered: Special Edition,\" contains commentary by John Cleese on every episode as well as remastered video and audio. All episodes are occasionally available as streamed video-on-demand via Netflix and Amazon Instant Videos as well. Both series are available for download on iTunes. A \"Fawlty Towers\" game was released on PC in 2000 and featured a number of interactive games, desktop-customizing content and clips from the show.", "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers, which he co-wrote with his wife Connie Booth. The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000, it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The series also featured Prunella Scales as Basil's acerbic wife Sybil, Andrew Sachs as the much abused Spanish waiter Manuel (\"... he's from Barcelona\"), and Booth as waitress Polly, the series' voice of sanity. Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair, whom he had encountered in 1970 while the Monty Python team were staying at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay while filming inserts for their television series. Reportedly, Cleese was inspired by Sinclair's mantra, \"I could run this hotel just fine if it weren't for the guests.\" He later described Sinclair as \"the most wonderfully rude man I have ever met,\" although Sinclair's widow has said her husband was totally misrepresented in the series. During the Pythons' stay, Sinclair allegedly threw Idle's briefcase out of the hotel \"in case it contained a bomb,\" complained about Gilliam's \"American\" table manners, and threw a bus timetable at another guest after they dared to ask the time of the next bus to town. The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2, initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year. Despite this, a second series did not air until 1979, by which time Cleese's marriage to Booth had ended, but they revived their collaboration for the second series.", "Fawlty Towers Fawlty Towers is a British television sitcom broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Just two series of six episodes each were made. The show was created and written by John Cleese and Connie Booth, who also starred in the show and were married at the time of the first series, but divorced before recording the second series. The show was ranked first on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, and in 2019 it was named the \"greatest ever British TV sitcom\" by a panel of comedy experts compiled by the \"Radio Times\". The series is set in Fawlty Towers, a fictional hotel in the seaside town of Torquay on the \"English Riviera\". The plots centre on the tense, rude and put-upon owner Basil Fawlty (Cleese), his bossy wife Sybil (Prunella Scales), the sensible chambermaid Polly (Booth) who often is the peacemaker and voice of reason, and the hapless and English-challenged Spanish waiter Manuel (Andrew Sachs), showing their attempts to run the hotel amidst farcical situations and an array of demanding and eccentric guests and tradespeople. The idea of the show came from Cleese after he stayed at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay, Devon in 1970 (along with the rest of the Monty Python troupe) where he encountered the eccentric hotel owner Donald Sinclair. Stuffy and snobbish, Sinclair treated guests as though they were a hindrance to his running of the hotel ( a waitress who worked for him stated \"it was as if he didn't want the guests to be there\"). Sinclair was the inspiration for Cleese's character Basil Fawlty."], "answer": {"text": "Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair,", "answer_start": 533}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin there?", "answer": {"text": "The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2,", "answer_start": 1311, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting about this?", "answer": {"text": "The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win any other awards ?", "answer": {"text": "it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes.", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain any notable reviews or compliments?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d314fde90914acbb0bb5fe8243da388_0_q#7", "question": "What characteristics did they share?", "rewrite": "What characteristics did Basil Fawlty share with Donald Sinclair?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gleneagles Hotel, Torquay The Gleneagles Hotel was a hotel in Torquay, Devon, England. The 41-bed establishment, which opened in the 1960s, was the inspiration for \"Fawlty Towers\", a British situation comedy first broadcast in the mid-1970s. John Cleese, and his then wife Connie Booth, were inspired to write the series after they had stayed at the hotel and witnessed the eccentric behaviour of its owner, Donald Sinclair (who sold the hotel in 1973). Later the hotel was managed by Best Western. In February 2015 the hotel closed. It will be replaced by retirement apartments. The Gleneagles was not originally built as a hotel but was modified to become one. The hotel was first opened in 1963 and was managed by Donald Sinclair. It was initially described as \"upmarket\" because it advertised private bathrooms in every room. In the early 1970s, cast members of \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\" stayed at the Gleneagles for a planned three weeks, while filming in Paignton. Due to Sinclair's rudeness towards them, which included criticising Terry Gilliam's \"too American\" table etiquette and tossing Eric Idle's briefcase out of a window \"in case it contained a bomb\", the cast left the hotel apart from John Cleese and his wife, Connie Booth. Cleese described Sinclair as \"the most marvellously rude man I've ever met\" and based his Basil Fawlty character on him when he and Booth created \"Fawlty Towers\" five years later. Sinclair sold the Gleneagles in 1973. For the rest of its existence the hotel retained a reminder of Sinclair's legacy: the 41 rooms all had names such as Coral or Mimosa. This was introduced in the Sinclair era of Gleneagles.", "Donald Sinclair (hotel owner) Donald William Sinclair (10 July 1909 \u2013 1981) was the co\u2013proprietor of the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay, England. He helped manage the hotel after an extensive career as an officer in the Merchant Navy and the Royal Navy. During World War II, he twice survived the sinking of the ship he was serving on. Sinclair is primarily known for being the inspiration for the character Basil Fawlty, played by John Cleese, in the television sitcom \"Fawlty Towers\" that Cleese co-wrote. This was owing to his allegedly stuffy, snobbish and eccentric treatment of his guests, including Cleese and other members of the Monty Python cast. Cleese later played a character named Donald Sinclair in the 2001 film \"Rat Race\". Prior to World War II, Sinclair was in the British Merchant Navy. As an officer in the Royal Naval Reserve, he was called up in September 1939 for military service. Soon after his call up, he joined the crew of the armed merchant cruiser (AMC) . \"Salopian\" was a pre-war cargo liner that had been armed and converted into a warship as an emergency wartime measure. In May 1941 she was escorting a convoy in the North Atlantic. Early on the morning of the 13th, 400 miles south of Cape Farewell, Greenland, she was attacked by the U-boat \"U-98\" in heavy fog. During successive attacks in the following six hours, \"Salopian\" was hit four times by torpedoes. Her engines were knocked out but she remained afloat and engaged the surfaced \"U-98\" with gunfire. \" Salopian\" finally sank after a fifth torpedo broke her in half. All but three of the crew survived and were picked up the next day by the destroyers and .", "Basil Fawlty Basil Fawlty is the main character of the 1970s British sitcom \"Fawlty Towers\", played by John Cleese. The proprietor of the hotel Fawlty Towers, he is a cynical and snobbish misanthrope who is desperate to belong to a higher social class. His attempts to run the hotel often end in farce. Possessing a dry, sarcastic wit, Basil has become an iconic British comedy character who remains widely known to the public despite only 12 half-hour episodes ever having been made. In a 2001 poll conducted by Channel 4 Basil was ranked second on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. Known for his quotable rants, the character was inspired by Donald Sinclair, an eccentric hotel owner whom Cleese had encountered when he stayed at his hotel (Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay, England) along with the rest of Monty Python in May 1970. Basil, who runs the titular hotel in Torquay, is a misanthropic, pessimistic and somewhat snobbish man, whose main aspiration is to become a member of more \"respectable\" social circles. He sees the successful running of the hotel as a means of achieving this dream, yet his job frequently requires him to be pleasant to people he despises - something he severely struggles with. His much more customer-friendly wife Sybil often has to deal with the fallout of Basil's bad treatment of the guests, to varying success. In the episode \"Communication Problems,\" Manuel said Basil is from Swanage, however Manuel is prone to making mistakes. Basil has staunch right-wing and traditionalist views about most things, for example in \"The Wedding Party\", he shows open disgust towards a young unmarried couple having an active sex life.", "Fawlty Towers Fawlty Towers is a British television sitcom broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Just two series of six episodes each were made. The show was created and written by John Cleese and Connie Booth, who also starred in the show and were married at the time of the first series, but divorced before recording the second series. The show was ranked first on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, and in 2019 it was named the \"greatest ever British TV sitcom\" by a panel of comedy experts compiled by the \"Radio Times\". The series is set in Fawlty Towers, a fictional hotel in the seaside town of Torquay on the \"English Riviera\". The plots centre on the tense, rude and put-upon owner Basil Fawlty (Cleese), his bossy wife Sybil (Prunella Scales), the sensible chambermaid Polly (Booth) who often is the peacemaker and voice of reason, and the hapless and English-challenged Spanish waiter Manuel (Andrew Sachs), showing their attempts to run the hotel amidst farcical situations and an array of demanding and eccentric guests and tradespeople. The idea of the show came from Cleese after he stayed at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay, Devon in 1970 (along with the rest of the Monty Python troupe) where he encountered the eccentric hotel owner Donald Sinclair. Stuffy and snobbish, Sinclair treated guests as though they were a hindrance to his running of the hotel ( a waitress who worked for him stated \"it was as if he didn't want the guests to be there\"). Sinclair was the inspiration for Cleese's character Basil Fawlty.", "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers, which he co-wrote with his wife Connie Booth. The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000, it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes. The series also featured Prunella Scales as Basil's acerbic wife Sybil, Andrew Sachs as the much abused Spanish waiter Manuel (\"... he's from Barcelona\"), and Booth as waitress Polly, the series' voice of sanity. Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair, whom he had encountered in 1970 while the Monty Python team were staying at the Gleneagles Hotel in Torquay while filming inserts for their television series. Reportedly, Cleese was inspired by Sinclair's mantra, \"I could run this hotel just fine if it weren't for the guests.\" He later described Sinclair as \"the most wonderfully rude man I have ever met,\" although Sinclair's widow has said her husband was totally misrepresented in the series. During the Pythons' stay, Sinclair allegedly threw Idle's briefcase out of the hotel \"in case it contained a bomb,\" complained about Gilliam's \"American\" table manners, and threw a bus timetable at another guest after they dared to ask the time of the next bus to town. The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2, initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year. Despite this, a second series did not air until 1979, by which time Cleese's marriage to Booth had ended, but they revived their collaboration for the second series."], "answer": {"text": "Reportedly, Cleese was inspired by Sinclair's mantra, \"I could run this hotel just fine if it weren't for the guests.\"", "answer_start": 753}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is John Cleese's  Fawlty Towers?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese achieved greater prominence in the United Kingdom as the neurotic hotel manager Basil Fawlty in Fawlty Towers,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin there?", "answer": {"text": "The first series was screened from 19 September 1975 on BBC 2,", "answer_start": 1311, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "initially to poor reviews, but gained momentum when repeated on BBC 1 the following year.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting about this?", "answer": {"text": "The series won three BAFTA awards when produced and in 2000,", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win any other awards ?", "answer": {"text": "it topped the British Film Institute's list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes.", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain any notable reviews or compliments?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else I should know?", "answer": {"text": "Cleese based Basil Fawlty on a real person, Donald Sinclair,", "answer_start": 533, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eff722c1ac0404c99b5e1f10455b2fd_1_q#0", "question": "what was the critical praise of Fleet Foxes?", "rewrite": "what was the critical praise of Fleet Foxes?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fleet Foxes (album) Fleet Foxes is the eponymous debut studio album by American rock band Fleet Foxes, released on June 3, 2008 by Bella Union. The album debuted at number eleven on the UK Albums Chart, where it eventually peaked at number three, and garnered wide praise from critics, many of whom named it one of the best albums of 2008. Producer and Pecknold family friend Phil Ek had earlier helped Fleet Foxes record their first demo and used his influence to assist in shopping it to record labels. Ek described the demo as \"a very different sound but [...] still very good.\" According to the producer it was when Robin began writing differently that he thought it was time to do something \"for real\". The resulting album was recorded with Ek over the course of a year. As Sub Pop and Bella Union had yet to get involved with the band at this point, the recording was funded by the group themselves. \"Fleet Foxes\" was acclaimed by critics, receiving very positive reviews from media outlets including \"Rolling Stone\", \"The Guardian\", \"Uncut\", \"Pitchfork\", \"Mojo\", and \"Entertainment Weekly\". At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 87 out of 100 based on 31 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \" The Guardian\" described it to be \"a landmark in American music, an instant classic\". Similar praise was put upon the album by AllMusic, which stated that \"\"Fleet Foxes\" is such a satisfying, self-assured debut\". \"Uncut\" magazine awarded the album their inaugural Uncut Award in 2008 for \"the most rewarding album of the past 12 months\". \"Q magazine\" voted it the second best album of 2008 while it topped \"The Times\" \"100 best records of 2008\" list.", "The Fleet Foxes The Fleet Foxes, also known simply as \"Fleet Foxes\", is a self-released EP by the Seattle, Washington-based band Fleet Foxes. Sold by the band at local shows in Seattle, only 50 copies were made. It was released in the fall of 2006 around the Seattle area, and its success led to the eventual signing to Sub Pop records. The album was produced and recorded by veteran Seattle producer Phil Ek. It was remastered and reissued in 2018 as part of the \"First Collection 2006\u20132009\" boxed set.", "For Fleet Foxes, it represents a shift away from their more idyllic early days into a period of artistic growth and sophistication. \" Ian Cohen for \"Pitchfork\" gave similar praise by stating that, \"\"Crack-Up\" supports the heft of Pecknold's concerns by working on a massive scale that no band is really attempting in 2017, let alone able to accomplish. Fleet Foxes are still a folk act, though one that's absorbed far-flung versions of the term.\" \"Crack-Up\" debuted at number nine on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with 34,000 album-equivalent units, of which 32,000 were pure album sales. Sample credits Credits adapted from liner notes. Fleet Foxes Additional musicians Production Design", "Fleet Foxes discography The discography of Fleet Foxes, a Seattle-based indie folk band, consists of three studio albums, three extended plays (EP), and nine singles. Fleet Foxes was formed in 2006 by vocalist Robin Pecknold and guitarist Skyler Skjelset, and were then joined by keyboardist Casey Wescott, bassist Bryn Lumsden, and drummer Nicholas Peterson. With producer Phil Ek, the band recorded their first demo in 2006, the self-released \"Fleet Foxes\" EP. The group subsequently signed with acclaimed UK indie label Bella Union in Europe and Warner Music subsidiary record label Sub Pop for the USA, early in 2008. The band's performance at the South by Southwest festival in March caught the attention of the international press; a month later, Fleet Foxes released their second EP, \"Sun Giant\", to critical acclaim. Their first full-length album, \"Fleet Foxes\", was released in June and peaked at number three in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum. The album was also certified gold in the US. \" Mykonos\", a single from \"Sun Giant\", was released in 2009 and reached the top 20 in Belgium and Scotland, and peaked at 51 in the UK. Fleet Foxes' second album, \"Helplessness Blues\", was released in 2011 and entered the top 10 in the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. It was nominated in the Best Folk Album category at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. After a six-year hiatus, Fleet Foxes released a lyric video for the song \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\" in March 2017. The band's third studio album, \"Crack-Up\", was released June 16, 2017 on Nonesuch Records.", "Christian Wargo Christian Wargo (born September 22, 1976) is a guitarist and vocalist for the bands Fleet Foxes, Crystal Skulls and Poor Moon. He is a former member of Danielson Famile and David Bazan's Pedro the Lion. Wargo's first band, Scientific, released its debut album \"From the Nest of Idea\" in 2002 via Burnt Toast Vinyl. In 2004, he formed Crystal Skulls in Seattle with a lineup comprising drummer Casey Foubert and bass guitarist Yuuki Matthews. They released two albums through Suicide Squeeze and toured the United States with Black Mountain and Helio Sequence. At the time, Wargo was sharing a practice space with fellow Seattle band Fleet Foxes and in 2007 Wargo joined Fleet Foxes, and Foubert and Matthews joined Sufjan Stevens. In 2012 Wargo released songs written prior to joining Fleet Foxes under the name Poor Moon, released on Sub Pop in the United States and Bella Union in Europe. In 2014 Wargo revived Crystal Skulls with drummer Aaron Sperske (Father John Misty, Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti, Beachwood Sparks, Lilys), Todd Dahlhoff (Electric Guest, Devendra Banhart), George Holdcroft (Daniel Johnston), and Thomas Hunter (Portugal. The Man, The Heavy)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7eff722c1ac0404c99b5e1f10455b2fd_1_q#1", "question": "where are they from", "rewrite": "where are Fleet Foxes from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Fleet Foxes The Fleet Foxes, also known simply as \"Fleet Foxes\", is a self-released EP by the Seattle, Washington-based band Fleet Foxes. Sold by the band at local shows in Seattle, only 50 copies were made. It was released in the fall of 2006 around the Seattle area, and its success led to the eventual signing to Sub Pop records. The album was produced and recorded by veteran Seattle producer Phil Ek. It was remastered and reissued in 2018 as part of the \"First Collection 2006\u20132009\" boxed set.", "Christian Wargo Christian Wargo (born September 22, 1976) is a guitarist and vocalist for the bands Fleet Foxes, Crystal Skulls and Poor Moon. He is a former member of Danielson Famile and David Bazan's Pedro the Lion. Wargo's first band, Scientific, released its debut album \"From the Nest of Idea\" in 2002 via Burnt Toast Vinyl. In 2004, he formed Crystal Skulls in Seattle with a lineup comprising drummer Casey Foubert and bass guitarist Yuuki Matthews. They released two albums through Suicide Squeeze and toured the United States with Black Mountain and Helio Sequence. At the time, Wargo was sharing a practice space with fellow Seattle band Fleet Foxes and in 2007 Wargo joined Fleet Foxes, and Foubert and Matthews joined Sufjan Stevens. In 2012 Wargo released songs written prior to joining Fleet Foxes under the name Poor Moon, released on Sub Pop in the United States and Bella Union in Europe. In 2014 Wargo revived Crystal Skulls with drummer Aaron Sperske (Father John Misty, Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti, Beachwood Sparks, Lilys), Todd Dahlhoff (Electric Guest, Devendra Banhart), George Holdcroft (Daniel Johnston), and Thomas Hunter (Portugal. The Man, The Heavy).", "Fleet Foxes (album) Fleet Foxes is the eponymous debut studio album by American rock band Fleet Foxes, released on June 3, 2008 by Bella Union. The album debuted at number eleven on the UK Albums Chart, where it eventually peaked at number three, and garnered wide praise from critics, many of whom named it one of the best albums of 2008. Producer and Pecknold family friend Phil Ek had earlier helped Fleet Foxes record their first demo and used his influence to assist in shopping it to record labels. Ek described the demo as \"a very different sound but [...] still very good.\" According to the producer it was when Robin began writing differently that he thought it was time to do something \"for real\". The resulting album was recorded with Ek over the course of a year. As Sub Pop and Bella Union had yet to get involved with the band at this point, the recording was funded by the group themselves. \"Fleet Foxes\" was acclaimed by critics, receiving very positive reviews from media outlets including \"Rolling Stone\", \"The Guardian\", \"Uncut\", \"Pitchfork\", \"Mojo\", and \"Entertainment Weekly\". At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 87 out of 100 based on 31 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \" The Guardian\" described it to be \"a landmark in American music, an instant classic\". Similar praise was put upon the album by AllMusic, which stated that \"\"Fleet Foxes\" is such a satisfying, self-assured debut\". \"Uncut\" magazine awarded the album their inaugural Uncut Award in 2008 for \"the most rewarding album of the past 12 months\". \"Q magazine\" voted it the second best album of 2008 while it topped \"The Times\" \"100 best records of 2008\" list.", "Fleet Foxes discography The discography of Fleet Foxes, a Seattle-based indie folk band, consists of three studio albums, three extended plays (EP), and nine singles. Fleet Foxes was formed in 2006 by vocalist Robin Pecknold and guitarist Skyler Skjelset, and were then joined by keyboardist Casey Wescott, bassist Bryn Lumsden, and drummer Nicholas Peterson. With producer Phil Ek, the band recorded their first demo in 2006, the self-released \"Fleet Foxes\" EP. The group subsequently signed with acclaimed UK indie label Bella Union in Europe and Warner Music subsidiary record label Sub Pop for the USA, early in 2008. The band's performance at the South by Southwest festival in March caught the attention of the international press; a month later, Fleet Foxes released their second EP, \"Sun Giant\", to critical acclaim. Their first full-length album, \"Fleet Foxes\", was released in June and peaked at number three in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum. The album was also certified gold in the US. \" Mykonos\", a single from \"Sun Giant\", was released in 2009 and reached the top 20 in Belgium and Scotland, and peaked at 51 in the UK. Fleet Foxes' second album, \"Helplessness Blues\", was released in 2011 and entered the top 10 in the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. It was nominated in the Best Folk Album category at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. After a six-year hiatus, Fleet Foxes released a lyric video for the song \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\" in March 2017. The band's third studio album, \"Crack-Up\", was released June 16, 2017 on Nonesuch Records.", "Robin Pecknold Robin Noel Pecknold (born March 31, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is best known as the principal songwriter and vocalist for the indie folk band Fleet Foxes, with whom he has recorded three studio albums, with the latest, \"Crack-Up\", released on June 16, 2017. His voice type is tenor. Robin Pecknold was born in Seattle in 1986. He is said to have written his first song at the age of 14. The song is called \"Sarah Jane\" and tells the story of a runaway who turns to prostitution. Pecknold released the song along with six others as a demo CD called \"St. Vincent Street\" around his hometown as Robin Noel Vaas. Later, the music of Bob Dylan would become Pecknold's primary influence. In 2005, Pecknold toured as a bassist with Seattle's Dolour. Pecknold formed Fleet Foxes in 2006 with Skyler Skjelset. He knew Skjelset from school, where they already played original music together. He reportedly ran up considerable debt setting up the band. Besides his work with Fleet Foxes, Pecknold has used the moniker White Antelope for solo output, releasing covers of traditional songs, including \"Silver Dagger\", \"Wild Mountain Thyme\" and \"False Knight on the Road\". He also started a band with sister Aja, called Rainbow Fang, and has worked with Past Lives' Morgan Henderson on \"film score-type music\". In early 2011, footage emerged of Pecknold as a teenager covering Radiohead's \"Let Down\" and Simon & Garfunkel's \"America\", along with another musician named Aaron Mannino."], "answer": {"text": "Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the critical praise of Fleet Foxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eff722c1ac0404c99b5e1f10455b2fd_1_q#2", "question": "how many people are in the band", "rewrite": "how many people are in the band Fleet Foxes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Fleet Foxes The Fleet Foxes, also known simply as \"Fleet Foxes\", is a self-released EP by the Seattle, Washington-based band Fleet Foxes. Sold by the band at local shows in Seattle, only 50 copies were made. It was released in the fall of 2006 around the Seattle area, and its success led to the eventual signing to Sub Pop records. The album was produced and recorded by veteran Seattle producer Phil Ek. It was remastered and reissued in 2018 as part of the \"First Collection 2006\u20132009\" boxed set.", "Fleet Foxes discography The discography of Fleet Foxes, a Seattle-based indie folk band, consists of three studio albums, three extended plays (EP), and nine singles. Fleet Foxes was formed in 2006 by vocalist Robin Pecknold and guitarist Skyler Skjelset, and were then joined by keyboardist Casey Wescott, bassist Bryn Lumsden, and drummer Nicholas Peterson. With producer Phil Ek, the band recorded their first demo in 2006, the self-released \"Fleet Foxes\" EP. The group subsequently signed with acclaimed UK indie label Bella Union in Europe and Warner Music subsidiary record label Sub Pop for the USA, early in 2008. The band's performance at the South by Southwest festival in March caught the attention of the international press; a month later, Fleet Foxes released their second EP, \"Sun Giant\", to critical acclaim. Their first full-length album, \"Fleet Foxes\", was released in June and peaked at number three in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum. The album was also certified gold in the US. \" Mykonos\", a single from \"Sun Giant\", was released in 2009 and reached the top 20 in Belgium and Scotland, and peaked at 51 in the UK. Fleet Foxes' second album, \"Helplessness Blues\", was released in 2011 and entered the top 10 in the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. It was nominated in the Best Folk Album category at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. After a six-year hiatus, Fleet Foxes released a lyric video for the song \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\" in March 2017. The band's third studio album, \"Crack-Up\", was released June 16, 2017 on Nonesuch Records.", "Christian Wargo Christian Wargo (born September 22, 1976) is a guitarist and vocalist for the bands Fleet Foxes, Crystal Skulls and Poor Moon. He is a former member of Danielson Famile and David Bazan's Pedro the Lion. Wargo's first band, Scientific, released its debut album \"From the Nest of Idea\" in 2002 via Burnt Toast Vinyl. In 2004, he formed Crystal Skulls in Seattle with a lineup comprising drummer Casey Foubert and bass guitarist Yuuki Matthews. They released two albums through Suicide Squeeze and toured the United States with Black Mountain and Helio Sequence. At the time, Wargo was sharing a practice space with fellow Seattle band Fleet Foxes and in 2007 Wargo joined Fleet Foxes, and Foubert and Matthews joined Sufjan Stevens. In 2012 Wargo released songs written prior to joining Fleet Foxes under the name Poor Moon, released on Sub Pop in the United States and Bella Union in Europe. In 2014 Wargo revived Crystal Skulls with drummer Aaron Sperske (Father John Misty, Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti, Beachwood Sparks, Lilys), Todd Dahlhoff (Electric Guest, Devendra Banhart), George Holdcroft (Daniel Johnston), and Thomas Hunter (Portugal. The Man, The Heavy).", "Fleet Foxes (album) Fleet Foxes is the eponymous debut studio album by American rock band Fleet Foxes, released on June 3, 2008 by Bella Union. The album debuted at number eleven on the UK Albums Chart, where it eventually peaked at number three, and garnered wide praise from critics, many of whom named it one of the best albums of 2008. Producer and Pecknold family friend Phil Ek had earlier helped Fleet Foxes record their first demo and used his influence to assist in shopping it to record labels. Ek described the demo as \"a very different sound but [...] still very good.\" According to the producer it was when Robin began writing differently that he thought it was time to do something \"for real\". The resulting album was recorded with Ek over the course of a year. As Sub Pop and Bella Union had yet to get involved with the band at this point, the recording was funded by the group themselves. \"Fleet Foxes\" was acclaimed by critics, receiving very positive reviews from media outlets including \"Rolling Stone\", \"The Guardian\", \"Uncut\", \"Pitchfork\", \"Mojo\", and \"Entertainment Weekly\". At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 87 out of 100 based on 31 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \" The Guardian\" described it to be \"a landmark in American music, an instant classic\". Similar praise was put upon the album by AllMusic, which stated that \"\"Fleet Foxes\" is such a satisfying, self-assured debut\". \"Uncut\" magazine awarded the album their inaugural Uncut Award in 2008 for \"the most rewarding album of the past 12 months\". \"Q magazine\" voted it the second best album of 2008 while it topped \"The Times\" \"100 best records of 2008\" list.", "Robin Pecknold Robin Noel Pecknold (born March 31, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is best known as the principal songwriter and vocalist for the indie folk band Fleet Foxes, with whom he has recorded three studio albums, with the latest, \"Crack-Up\", released on June 16, 2017. His voice type is tenor. Robin Pecknold was born in Seattle in 1986. He is said to have written his first song at the age of 14. The song is called \"Sarah Jane\" and tells the story of a runaway who turns to prostitution. Pecknold released the song along with six others as a demo CD called \"St. Vincent Street\" around his hometown as Robin Noel Vaas. Later, the music of Bob Dylan would become Pecknold's primary influence. In 2005, Pecknold toured as a bassist with Seattle's Dolour. Pecknold formed Fleet Foxes in 2006 with Skyler Skjelset. He knew Skjelset from school, where they already played original music together. He reportedly ran up considerable debt setting up the band. Besides his work with Fleet Foxes, Pecknold has used the moniker White Antelope for solo output, releasing covers of traditional songs, including \"Silver Dagger\", \"Wild Mountain Thyme\" and \"False Knight on the Road\". He also started a band with sister Aja, called Rainbow Fang, and has worked with Past Lives' Morgan Henderson on \"film score-type music\". In early 2011, footage emerged of Pecknold as a teenager covering Radiohead's \"Let Down\" and Simon & Garfunkel's \"America\", along with another musician named Aaron Mannino."], "answer": {"text": "The original lineup was filled out by Casey Wescott on keyboards and backing vocals, Bryn Lumsden on bass and Nicholas Peterson on drums and backing vocals.", "answer_start": 1013}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the critical praise of Fleet Foxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where are they from", "answer": {"text": "Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eff722c1ac0404c99b5e1f10455b2fd_1_q#3", "question": "when did the band form", "rewrite": "when did the band Fleet Foxes form?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Fleet Foxes The Fleet Foxes, also known simply as \"Fleet Foxes\", is a self-released EP by the Seattle, Washington-based band Fleet Foxes. Sold by the band at local shows in Seattle, only 50 copies were made. It was released in the fall of 2006 around the Seattle area, and its success led to the eventual signing to Sub Pop records. The album was produced and recorded by veteran Seattle producer Phil Ek. It was remastered and reissued in 2018 as part of the \"First Collection 2006\u20132009\" boxed set.", "Fleet Foxes discography The discography of Fleet Foxes, a Seattle-based indie folk band, consists of three studio albums, three extended plays (EP), and nine singles. Fleet Foxes was formed in 2006 by vocalist Robin Pecknold and guitarist Skyler Skjelset, and were then joined by keyboardist Casey Wescott, bassist Bryn Lumsden, and drummer Nicholas Peterson. With producer Phil Ek, the band recorded their first demo in 2006, the self-released \"Fleet Foxes\" EP. The group subsequently signed with acclaimed UK indie label Bella Union in Europe and Warner Music subsidiary record label Sub Pop for the USA, early in 2008. The band's performance at the South by Southwest festival in March caught the attention of the international press; a month later, Fleet Foxes released their second EP, \"Sun Giant\", to critical acclaim. Their first full-length album, \"Fleet Foxes\", was released in June and peaked at number three in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum. The album was also certified gold in the US. \" Mykonos\", a single from \"Sun Giant\", was released in 2009 and reached the top 20 in Belgium and Scotland, and peaked at 51 in the UK. Fleet Foxes' second album, \"Helplessness Blues\", was released in 2011 and entered the top 10 in the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. It was nominated in the Best Folk Album category at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. After a six-year hiatus, Fleet Foxes released a lyric video for the song \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\" in March 2017. The band's third studio album, \"Crack-Up\", was released June 16, 2017 on Nonesuch Records.", "Fleet Foxes (album) Fleet Foxes is the eponymous debut studio album by American rock band Fleet Foxes, released on June 3, 2008 by Bella Union. The album debuted at number eleven on the UK Albums Chart, where it eventually peaked at number three, and garnered wide praise from critics, many of whom named it one of the best albums of 2008. Producer and Pecknold family friend Phil Ek had earlier helped Fleet Foxes record their first demo and used his influence to assist in shopping it to record labels. Ek described the demo as \"a very different sound but [...] still very good.\" According to the producer it was when Robin began writing differently that he thought it was time to do something \"for real\". The resulting album was recorded with Ek over the course of a year. As Sub Pop and Bella Union had yet to get involved with the band at this point, the recording was funded by the group themselves. \"Fleet Foxes\" was acclaimed by critics, receiving very positive reviews from media outlets including \"Rolling Stone\", \"The Guardian\", \"Uncut\", \"Pitchfork\", \"Mojo\", and \"Entertainment Weekly\". At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 87 out of 100 based on 31 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \" The Guardian\" described it to be \"a landmark in American music, an instant classic\". Similar praise was put upon the album by AllMusic, which stated that \"\"Fleet Foxes\" is such a satisfying, self-assured debut\". \"Uncut\" magazine awarded the album their inaugural Uncut Award in 2008 for \"the most rewarding album of the past 12 months\". \"Q magazine\" voted it the second best album of 2008 while it topped \"The Times\" \"100 best records of 2008\" list.", "Robin Pecknold Robin Noel Pecknold (born March 31, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is best known as the principal songwriter and vocalist for the indie folk band Fleet Foxes, with whom he has recorded three studio albums, with the latest, \"Crack-Up\", released on June 16, 2017. His voice type is tenor. Robin Pecknold was born in Seattle in 1986. He is said to have written his first song at the age of 14. The song is called \"Sarah Jane\" and tells the story of a runaway who turns to prostitution. Pecknold released the song along with six others as a demo CD called \"St. Vincent Street\" around his hometown as Robin Noel Vaas. Later, the music of Bob Dylan would become Pecknold's primary influence. In 2005, Pecknold toured as a bassist with Seattle's Dolour. Pecknold formed Fleet Foxes in 2006 with Skyler Skjelset. He knew Skjelset from school, where they already played original music together. He reportedly ran up considerable debt setting up the band. Besides his work with Fleet Foxes, Pecknold has used the moniker White Antelope for solo output, releasing covers of traditional songs, including \"Silver Dagger\", \"Wild Mountain Thyme\" and \"False Knight on the Road\". He also started a band with sister Aja, called Rainbow Fang, and has worked with Past Lives' Morgan Henderson on \"film score-type music\". In early 2011, footage emerged of Pecknold as a teenager covering Radiohead's \"Let Down\" and Simon & Garfunkel's \"America\", along with another musician named Aaron Mannino.", "Christian Wargo Christian Wargo (born September 22, 1976) is a guitarist and vocalist for the bands Fleet Foxes, Crystal Skulls and Poor Moon. He is a former member of Danielson Famile and David Bazan's Pedro the Lion. Wargo's first band, Scientific, released its debut album \"From the Nest of Idea\" in 2002 via Burnt Toast Vinyl. In 2004, he formed Crystal Skulls in Seattle with a lineup comprising drummer Casey Foubert and bass guitarist Yuuki Matthews. They released two albums through Suicide Squeeze and toured the United States with Black Mountain and Helio Sequence. At the time, Wargo was sharing a practice space with fellow Seattle band Fleet Foxes and in 2007 Wargo joined Fleet Foxes, and Foubert and Matthews joined Sufjan Stevens. In 2012 Wargo released songs written prior to joining Fleet Foxes under the name Poor Moon, released on Sub Pop in the United States and Bella Union in Europe. In 2014 Wargo revived Crystal Skulls with drummer Aaron Sperske (Father John Misty, Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti, Beachwood Sparks, Lilys), Todd Dahlhoff (Electric Guest, Devendra Banhart), George Holdcroft (Daniel Johnston), and Thomas Hunter (Portugal. The Man, The Heavy)."], "answer": {"text": "With growing popularity on the local circuit, the band set about making their first album in early 2007,", "answer_start": 133}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the critical praise of Fleet Foxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where are they from", "answer": {"text": "Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many people are in the band", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup was filled out by Casey Wescott on keyboards and backing vocals, Bryn Lumsden on bass and Nicholas Peterson on drums and backing vocals.", "answer_start": 1013, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eff722c1ac0404c99b5e1f10455b2fd_1_q#4", "question": "what was their first album", "rewrite": "what was Fleet Foxes first album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Fleet Foxes The Fleet Foxes, also known simply as \"Fleet Foxes\", is a self-released EP by the Seattle, Washington-based band Fleet Foxes. Sold by the band at local shows in Seattle, only 50 copies were made. It was released in the fall of 2006 around the Seattle area, and its success led to the eventual signing to Sub Pop records. The album was produced and recorded by veteran Seattle producer Phil Ek. It was remastered and reissued in 2018 as part of the \"First Collection 2006\u20132009\" boxed set.", "Christian Wargo Christian Wargo (born September 22, 1976) is a guitarist and vocalist for the bands Fleet Foxes, Crystal Skulls and Poor Moon. He is a former member of Danielson Famile and David Bazan's Pedro the Lion. Wargo's first band, Scientific, released its debut album \"From the Nest of Idea\" in 2002 via Burnt Toast Vinyl. In 2004, he formed Crystal Skulls in Seattle with a lineup comprising drummer Casey Foubert and bass guitarist Yuuki Matthews. They released two albums through Suicide Squeeze and toured the United States with Black Mountain and Helio Sequence. At the time, Wargo was sharing a practice space with fellow Seattle band Fleet Foxes and in 2007 Wargo joined Fleet Foxes, and Foubert and Matthews joined Sufjan Stevens. In 2012 Wargo released songs written prior to joining Fleet Foxes under the name Poor Moon, released on Sub Pop in the United States and Bella Union in Europe. In 2014 Wargo revived Crystal Skulls with drummer Aaron Sperske (Father John Misty, Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti, Beachwood Sparks, Lilys), Todd Dahlhoff (Electric Guest, Devendra Banhart), George Holdcroft (Daniel Johnston), and Thomas Hunter (Portugal. The Man, The Heavy).", "Fleet Foxes discography The discography of Fleet Foxes, a Seattle-based indie folk band, consists of three studio albums, three extended plays (EP), and nine singles. Fleet Foxes was formed in 2006 by vocalist Robin Pecknold and guitarist Skyler Skjelset, and were then joined by keyboardist Casey Wescott, bassist Bryn Lumsden, and drummer Nicholas Peterson. With producer Phil Ek, the band recorded their first demo in 2006, the self-released \"Fleet Foxes\" EP. The group subsequently signed with acclaimed UK indie label Bella Union in Europe and Warner Music subsidiary record label Sub Pop for the USA, early in 2008. The band's performance at the South by Southwest festival in March caught the attention of the international press; a month later, Fleet Foxes released their second EP, \"Sun Giant\", to critical acclaim. Their first full-length album, \"Fleet Foxes\", was released in June and peaked at number three in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum. The album was also certified gold in the US. \" Mykonos\", a single from \"Sun Giant\", was released in 2009 and reached the top 20 in Belgium and Scotland, and peaked at 51 in the UK. Fleet Foxes' second album, \"Helplessness Blues\", was released in 2011 and entered the top 10 in the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. It was nominated in the Best Folk Album category at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. After a six-year hiatus, Fleet Foxes released a lyric video for the song \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\" in March 2017. The band's third studio album, \"Crack-Up\", was released June 16, 2017 on Nonesuch Records.", "Crack-Up (album) Crack-Up is the third studio album by Seattle-based folk band Fleet Foxes. Released on June 16, 2017 as the follow-up to their 2011 album \"Helplessness Blues\", \"Crack-Up\" is the band's first release on Nonesuch Records. It is their first release in six years, following a three-year hiatus from 2013 to 2016. \"Crack-Up\" was recorded at various locations across the United States between July 2016 and January 2017: Electric Lady Studios, Sear Sound, The Void, Rare Book Room, Avast, and The Unknown. Phil Ek mixed the album at Sear Sound, and Greg Calbi mastered it at Sterling Sound. Fleet Foxes released the first song from the album on March 7, 2017: \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\", a \"nearly nine-minute epic powered by piano and electric twelve-string guitar, string quartet, and the group's trademark sparkling harmonies\"; on the same day, Robin Pecknold appeared on Apple Music's Beats 1 radio station to discuss the new song, as well as the band's hiatus and their upcoming tour. The song was released via Fleet Foxes' new YouTube channel, coupled with a lyric video created by Sean Pecknold and Adi Goodrich. The following day, Pecknold annotated some of the lyrics of the song using Genius, and appeared on BBC Radio 6 Music. An edited version of \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\", with a duration of 4:02, was released three days later. On March 18, 2017, Pecknold used Reddit to confirm a fan's theory that the first track on the new album would begin exactly where the last track on their previous album, \"Helplessness Blues\", ended.", "Fleet Foxes (album) Fleet Foxes is the eponymous debut studio album by American rock band Fleet Foxes, released on June 3, 2008 by Bella Union. The album debuted at number eleven on the UK Albums Chart, where it eventually peaked at number three, and garnered wide praise from critics, many of whom named it one of the best albums of 2008. Producer and Pecknold family friend Phil Ek had earlier helped Fleet Foxes record their first demo and used his influence to assist in shopping it to record labels. Ek described the demo as \"a very different sound but [...] still very good.\" According to the producer it was when Robin began writing differently that he thought it was time to do something \"for real\". The resulting album was recorded with Ek over the course of a year. As Sub Pop and Bella Union had yet to get involved with the band at this point, the recording was funded by the group themselves. \"Fleet Foxes\" was acclaimed by critics, receiving very positive reviews from media outlets including \"Rolling Stone\", \"The Guardian\", \"Uncut\", \"Pitchfork\", \"Mojo\", and \"Entertainment Weekly\". At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 87 out of 100 based on 31 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \" The Guardian\" described it to be \"a landmark in American music, an instant classic\". Similar praise was put upon the album by AllMusic, which stated that \"\"Fleet Foxes\" is such a satisfying, self-assured debut\". \"Uncut\" magazine awarded the album their inaugural Uncut Award in 2008 for \"the most rewarding album of the past 12 months\". \"Q magazine\" voted it the second best album of 2008 while it topped \"The Times\" \"100 best records of 2008\" list."], "answer": {"text": "Seattle producer Phil Ek and he helped them record their first demo in 2006, the self-released Fleet Foxes EP.", "answer_start": 1232}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the critical praise of Fleet Foxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where are they from", "answer": {"text": "Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many people are in the band", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup was filled out by Casey Wescott on keyboards and backing vocals, Bryn Lumsden on bass and Nicholas Peterson on drums and backing vocals.", "answer_start": 1013, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did the band form", "answer": {"text": "With growing popularity on the local circuit, the band set about making their first album in early 2007,", "answer_start": 133, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eff722c1ac0404c99b5e1f10455b2fd_1_q#5", "question": "does it say the names of any of the songs", "rewrite": "does Fleet Foxes EP say the names of any of the songs?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends. Pecknold and Skjelset bonded over a mutual appreciation of Bob Dylan and Neil Young and began making music together. Their parents influenced their musical tastes early on--Skjelset's mother Peggi was a keen listener to both Dylan and Hank Williams while Pecknold's father Greg was a member of The Fathoms, a local 1960s soul group. The two shared an interest in the music of Dylan and Brian Wilson. Pecknold played bass for Seattle's Dolour on a US tour in 2005, shortly before forming the first incarnation of Fleet Foxes. Originally going by the name \"The Pineapples\", a name clash with another local band prompted a change and Pecknold decided upon \"Fleet Foxes\", suggesting that it was \"evocative of some weird English activity like fox hunting\". Pecknold took up the role of principal songwriter, both singing and playing guitar, while Skjelset played lead guitar. The original lineup was filled out by Casey Wescott on keyboards and backing vocals, Bryn Lumsden on bass and Nicholas Peterson on drums and backing vocals. Pecknold's late-sixties pop style caught the attention of the Seattle producer Phil Ek and he helped them record their first demo in 2006, the self-released Fleet Foxes EP. Ek was impressed with the band's songwriting, and on hearing Pecknold for the first time, noted, \"It was obvious he had talent coming out of his ass.\" By late 2006 the Seattle press began to take notice of the band; Tom Scanlon of the Seattle Times stated that he was impressed with the band's lyrics and musical maturity.", "The Fleet Foxes The Fleet Foxes, also known simply as \"Fleet Foxes\", is a self-released EP by the Seattle, Washington-based band Fleet Foxes. Sold by the band at local shows in Seattle, only 50 copies were made. It was released in the fall of 2006 around the Seattle area, and its success led to the eventual signing to Sub Pop records. The album was produced and recorded by veteran Seattle producer Phil Ek. It was remastered and reissued in 2018 as part of the \"First Collection 2006\u20132009\" boxed set.", "Sun Giant Sun Giant is the second EP by Seattle-based indie folk band Fleet Foxes. It was released on April 8, 2008, on Bella Union and Sub Pop. The EP was named the #1 album of the year by Pitchfork Media in conjunction with their debut LP, \"Fleet Foxes\". While the EP was released prior to their debut album, \"Fleet Foxes\", the songs on \"Sun Giant\" were recorded after those that feature on their full-length album. \"Sun Giant\" was in fact originally intended to be a tour only release, but demand from fans led to its official release. The band had stated that the EP was pressed so that they had something to sell on tour, and clarified that the music was not indicative of their ambitions. The liner notes state that: \"We all played many an instrument. An itemized and individualized list would be egotistical and tiresome\" Billboard said that the EP featured \"harmony-rich songs more in keeping with Crosby, Stills & Nash, a welcome turn away from the agitated dance-rock still so prominent in the indie world.\" Rolling Stone gave the EP three-out-of-four stars, and said that \"with ramshackle rising-and-falling guitars, CSNY-style harmonies and the occasional mandolin plink, this five-track EP will make you pine for summer in the country,\" although the magazine said their song-writing was a bit thin.", "Fleet Foxes (album) Fleet Foxes is the eponymous debut studio album by American rock band Fleet Foxes, released on June 3, 2008 by Bella Union. The album debuted at number eleven on the UK Albums Chart, where it eventually peaked at number three, and garnered wide praise from critics, many of whom named it one of the best albums of 2008. Producer and Pecknold family friend Phil Ek had earlier helped Fleet Foxes record their first demo and used his influence to assist in shopping it to record labels. Ek described the demo as \"a very different sound but [...] still very good.\" According to the producer it was when Robin began writing differently that he thought it was time to do something \"for real\". The resulting album was recorded with Ek over the course of a year. As Sub Pop and Bella Union had yet to get involved with the band at this point, the recording was funded by the group themselves. \"Fleet Foxes\" was acclaimed by critics, receiving very positive reviews from media outlets including \"Rolling Stone\", \"The Guardian\", \"Uncut\", \"Pitchfork\", \"Mojo\", and \"Entertainment Weekly\". At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 87 out of 100 based on 31 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \" The Guardian\" described it to be \"a landmark in American music, an instant classic\". Similar praise was put upon the album by AllMusic, which stated that \"\"Fleet Foxes\" is such a satisfying, self-assured debut\". \"Uncut\" magazine awarded the album their inaugural Uncut Award in 2008 for \"the most rewarding album of the past 12 months\". \"Q magazine\" voted it the second best album of 2008 while it topped \"The Times\" \"100 best records of 2008\" list.", "Fleet Foxes discography The discography of Fleet Foxes, a Seattle-based indie folk band, consists of three studio albums, three extended plays (EP), and nine singles. Fleet Foxes was formed in 2006 by vocalist Robin Pecknold and guitarist Skyler Skjelset, and were then joined by keyboardist Casey Wescott, bassist Bryn Lumsden, and drummer Nicholas Peterson. With producer Phil Ek, the band recorded their first demo in 2006, the self-released \"Fleet Foxes\" EP. The group subsequently signed with acclaimed UK indie label Bella Union in Europe and Warner Music subsidiary record label Sub Pop for the USA, early in 2008. The band's performance at the South by Southwest festival in March caught the attention of the international press; a month later, Fleet Foxes released their second EP, \"Sun Giant\", to critical acclaim. Their first full-length album, \"Fleet Foxes\", was released in June and peaked at number three in the United Kingdom, where it was certified platinum. The album was also certified gold in the US. \" Mykonos\", a single from \"Sun Giant\", was released in 2009 and reached the top 20 in Belgium and Scotland, and peaked at 51 in the UK. Fleet Foxes' second album, \"Helplessness Blues\", was released in 2011 and entered the top 10 in the US, Australia, Belgium, Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the UK. It was nominated in the Best Folk Album category at the 54th Annual Grammy Awards. After a six-year hiatus, Fleet Foxes released a lyric video for the song \"Third of May / \u014cdaigahara\" in March 2017. The band's third studio album, \"Crack-Up\", was released June 16, 2017 on Nonesuch Records."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was the critical praise of Fleet Foxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where are they from", "answer": {"text": "Robin Pecknold and Skyler Skjelset both attended Lake Washington High School in Kirkland, a suburb of Seattle, and soon became close friends.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many people are in the band", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup was filled out by Casey Wescott on keyboards and backing vocals, Bryn Lumsden on bass and Nicholas Peterson on drums and backing vocals.", "answer_start": 1013, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did the band form", "answer": {"text": "With growing popularity on the local circuit, the band set about making their first album in early 2007,", "answer_start": 133, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what was their first album", "answer": {"text": "Seattle producer Phil Ek and he helped them record their first demo in 2006, the self-released Fleet Foxes EP.", "answer_start": 1232, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#0", "question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "rewrite": "what is the song Vogue about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mini-series that have aired on the video channel include \"Vogue Weddings\", \"The Monday Makeover\", \"From the Vogue Closet\", \"Fashion Week\", \"Elettra's Goodness\", \"Jeanius\", \"Vintage Bowles\", \"The Backstory\", \"Beauty Mark\", \"Met Gala\", \"Voguepedia\", \"Vogue Voices\", \"Vogue Diaries\", \"CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund\", and \"Monday's with Andre\". Books published by \"Vogue\" include \"In Vogue: An Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine\", \"Vogue: The Covers\", \"Vogue: The Editor's Eye\", \"Vogue Living: House, Gardens, People\", \"The World in Vogue\", \"Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers\", and \"Nostalgia in Vogue\". Launched in 2011 by Cond\u00e9 Nast Digital, Voguepedia is a fashion encyclopedia that also includes an archive of every issue of \"Vogue\"s American edition since 1892. Only Vogue staff are permitted to contribute to the encyclopedia, unlike the VogueEncyclo\u2014hosted by \"Vogue Italia\"\u2014that receives contributions from anyone. As of May 9, 2013, the site is not fully functional, as code still shows in search results and only certain search terms yield results. \"Vogue\" has also created an easily navigable website that includes six different content categories for viewers to explore. The website includes an archive with issues from 1892 forward for those whom subscribe for the website. The magazines online are the same as those that were printed in that time and are not cut or shortened from the original content. \"Vogue\" launched the teaser for their podcast series on September 10, 2015.", "Vogue Italia Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of \"Vogue\" magazine. Owned by Cond\u00e9 Nast International, it is the least commercial of all editions of \"Vogue\" magazine and has been called the top fashion magazine in the world. Its imagery is frequently shocking and provocative; according to the art director of British \"Vogue\", its photographs \"go beyond straight fashion to be about art and ideas\". \"Vogue Italia\" was first published as \"Novit\u00e0\" (\"Novelties\") in October 1964 until November 1965, when the name was changed to \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\"; in May 1966 the title was changed to \"Vogue Italia\", its title to the present day. In 1961, Cond\u00e9 Nast contacted the owner of \"Novit\u00e0\" magazine to invest in a new fashion magazine. From October 1964 until November 1965, the magazine was published as Novit\u00e0. In 1965, after 73 years since the birth of Vogue, \"Vogue Italia\" was launched, as Vogue & Novit\u00e0, being the first issue for the month of November 1965. Consuelo Crespi lead the launch until 1966. In 1966, Franco Sartori was appointed as the first editor-in-chief and under his leadership he changed the name from \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\" to \"Vogue Italia\", being the May 1966 issue the first issue under the new name. He held the position for 22 years until 1988. In 1988, Franca Sozzani became the second editor-in-chief for the publication, with the July/August 1988 issue her first. Before editing \"Vogue Italia\", Sozzani worked as editor for \"Vogue Bambini\", and as editor-in-chief for \"Lei\" and subsequently for \"Per Lui\", the men's edition of the former. After seeking new possibilities, the Italian journalist accepted the offer to edit \"Vogue Italia\".", "Vogue (cigarette) Vogue is an upmarket brand of cigarette, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco. Vogue is available in several varieties, including regular, menthol and lights. Vogue cigarettes are marketed in both king size and super slim, which is about 100 mm long and thinner than a standard size cigarette. Vogue cigarette brand belongs to a decorative or fashionable kind on the cigarettes market and is sold primarily to women. The Vogue cigarette's style was based on the 1950s couture captured by Henry Clarke. The distinctive design of the package is intended to symbolize elegance, class and refinement. Singer Madonna is shown smoking a Vogue brand cigarette in the video for her 1990 single \"Vogue\". In 1999, the line of Vogue cigarettes emerged from an alliance of the British American Tobacco company with its British opponent Rothmans International companies. The \u2018Vogue Superslims\u2019 and \u2018Vogue Superslims Menthol\u2019 were launched in 1987. This trademark remains in a stable position on the market for women. In 2005, Lilas, Bleue and Menthe, which formed the Vogue Arome line, were added to the main line of Vogue cigarettes. They achieved great success and up to 2006 the whole series of Vogue Arome was stocked on the European market. In March 2007, Vogue Blanche and Vogue Noire were launched. The manufacturers announced a complete image renewal in August 2007. The brand is or was sold in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa Bulgaria, Israel and Malta.", "Present in the meeting were the 16 International editors-in-chief of \"Vogue\": Wintour (American \"Vogue\"), Emmanuelle Alt (French \"Vogue\"), Franca Sozzani (Italian \"Vogue\"), Alexandra Shulman (British \"Vogue\"), Kirstie Clements (Australian \"Vogue\"), Aliona Doletskaya (Russian \"Vogue\"), Angelica Cheung (Chinese \"Vogue\"), Christiane Arp (German \"Vogue\"), Priya Tanna (Indian \"Vogue\"), Rosalie Huang (Taiwanese \"Vogue\"), Paula Mateus (Portuguese \"Vogue\"), Seda Domani\u00e7 (Turkish \"Vogue\"), Yolanda Sacristan (Spanish \"Vogue\"), Eva Hughes (Mexican \"Vogue\"), Mitsuko Watanabe (Japanese \"Vogue\"), and Daniela Falcao (Brazilian \"Vogue\"). Since 2010, seven new editors-in-chief joined \"Vogue\": Victoria Davydova replaced Aliona Doletskaya as editor-in-chief of \"Russian Vogue\"; Emmanuelle Alt became \"French Vogue\" 's editor-in-chief after Carine Roitfeld resigned; Edwina McCann became \"Australian Vogue\" editor-in-chief after Kirstie Clements was fired; Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes at \"Vogue Mexico\" and \"Vogue Latin America\", when Hughes was named CEO of Cond\u00e9 Nast Mexico and Latin America in 2012; and Karin Swerink, Kullawit Laosukrsi, and Masha Tsukanova were appointed editors-in-chief of the newly launched Netherlands, Thailand, and Ukraine editions, respectively. At the beginning of 2013 the Japanese version, \"Vogue Hommes Japan\", ended publication.", "South Korea and Australia publish a \"Vogue Girl\" magazine (currently suspended from further publication), in addition to the \"Vogue Living\" and \"Vogue Entertaining + Travel\" editions. \"Vogue Hommes International\" is an international men's fashion magazine based in Paris, France, and \"L'uomo Vogue\" is the Italian men's version. Other Italian versions of \"Vogue\" include \"Vogue Casa\" and \"Bambini Vogue\". Until 1961, \"Vogue\" was also the publisher of \"Vogue Patterns\", a home sewing pattern company. It was sold to Butterick Publishing which also licensed the Vogue name. \" Vogue China\" was launched in September 2005, with Australian model Gemma Ward on the cover flanked by Chinese models. In 2007, an Arabic edition of \"Vogue\" was rejected by Cond\u00e9 Nast International. October 2007 saw the launch of \"Vogue India\", and \"Vogue Turkey\" was launched in March 2010. On March 5, 2010, 16 International editors-in-chief of Vogue met in Paris to discuss the 2nd Fashion's Night Out."], "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#1", "question": "which dancers were chosen?", "rewrite": "which dancers were chosen for Vogue?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Present in the meeting were the 16 International editors-in-chief of \"Vogue\": Wintour (American \"Vogue\"), Emmanuelle Alt (French \"Vogue\"), Franca Sozzani (Italian \"Vogue\"), Alexandra Shulman (British \"Vogue\"), Kirstie Clements (Australian \"Vogue\"), Aliona Doletskaya (Russian \"Vogue\"), Angelica Cheung (Chinese \"Vogue\"), Christiane Arp (German \"Vogue\"), Priya Tanna (Indian \"Vogue\"), Rosalie Huang (Taiwanese \"Vogue\"), Paula Mateus (Portuguese \"Vogue\"), Seda Domani\u00e7 (Turkish \"Vogue\"), Yolanda Sacristan (Spanish \"Vogue\"), Eva Hughes (Mexican \"Vogue\"), Mitsuko Watanabe (Japanese \"Vogue\"), and Daniela Falcao (Brazilian \"Vogue\"). Since 2010, seven new editors-in-chief joined \"Vogue\": Victoria Davydova replaced Aliona Doletskaya as editor-in-chief of \"Russian Vogue\"; Emmanuelle Alt became \"French Vogue\" 's editor-in-chief after Carine Roitfeld resigned; Edwina McCann became \"Australian Vogue\" editor-in-chief after Kirstie Clements was fired; Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes at \"Vogue Mexico\" and \"Vogue Latin America\", when Hughes was named CEO of Cond\u00e9 Nast Mexico and Latin America in 2012; and Karin Swerink, Kullawit Laosukrsi, and Masha Tsukanova were appointed editors-in-chief of the newly launched Netherlands, Thailand, and Ukraine editions, respectively. At the beginning of 2013 the Japanese version, \"Vogue Hommes Japan\", ended publication.", "Vogue (cigarette) Vogue is an upmarket brand of cigarette, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco. Vogue is available in several varieties, including regular, menthol and lights. Vogue cigarettes are marketed in both king size and super slim, which is about 100 mm long and thinner than a standard size cigarette. Vogue cigarette brand belongs to a decorative or fashionable kind on the cigarettes market and is sold primarily to women. The Vogue cigarette's style was based on the 1950s couture captured by Henry Clarke. The distinctive design of the package is intended to symbolize elegance, class and refinement. Singer Madonna is shown smoking a Vogue brand cigarette in the video for her 1990 single \"Vogue\". In 1999, the line of Vogue cigarettes emerged from an alliance of the British American Tobacco company with its British opponent Rothmans International companies. The \u2018Vogue Superslims\u2019 and \u2018Vogue Superslims Menthol\u2019 were launched in 1987. This trademark remains in a stable position on the market for women. In 2005, Lilas, Bleue and Menthe, which formed the Vogue Arome line, were added to the main line of Vogue cigarettes. They achieved great success and up to 2006 the whole series of Vogue Arome was stocked on the European market. In March 2007, Vogue Blanche and Vogue Noire were launched. The manufacturers announced a complete image renewal in August 2007. The brand is or was sold in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa Bulgaria, Israel and Malta.", "Vogue Italia Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of \"Vogue\" magazine. Owned by Cond\u00e9 Nast International, it is the least commercial of all editions of \"Vogue\" magazine and has been called the top fashion magazine in the world. Its imagery is frequently shocking and provocative; according to the art director of British \"Vogue\", its photographs \"go beyond straight fashion to be about art and ideas\". \"Vogue Italia\" was first published as \"Novit\u00e0\" (\"Novelties\") in October 1964 until November 1965, when the name was changed to \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\"; in May 1966 the title was changed to \"Vogue Italia\", its title to the present day. In 1961, Cond\u00e9 Nast contacted the owner of \"Novit\u00e0\" magazine to invest in a new fashion magazine. From October 1964 until November 1965, the magazine was published as Novit\u00e0. In 1965, after 73 years since the birth of Vogue, \"Vogue Italia\" was launched, as Vogue & Novit\u00e0, being the first issue for the month of November 1965. Consuelo Crespi lead the launch until 1966. In 1966, Franco Sartori was appointed as the first editor-in-chief and under his leadership he changed the name from \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\" to \"Vogue Italia\", being the May 1966 issue the first issue under the new name. He held the position for 22 years until 1988. In 1988, Franca Sozzani became the second editor-in-chief for the publication, with the July/August 1988 issue her first. Before editing \"Vogue Italia\", Sozzani worked as editor for \"Vogue Bambini\", and as editor-in-chief for \"Lei\" and subsequently for \"Per Lui\", the men's edition of the former. After seeking new possibilities, the Italian journalist accepted the offer to edit \"Vogue Italia\".", "Mini-series that have aired on the video channel include \"Vogue Weddings\", \"The Monday Makeover\", \"From the Vogue Closet\", \"Fashion Week\", \"Elettra's Goodness\", \"Jeanius\", \"Vintage Bowles\", \"The Backstory\", \"Beauty Mark\", \"Met Gala\", \"Voguepedia\", \"Vogue Voices\", \"Vogue Diaries\", \"CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund\", and \"Monday's with Andre\". Books published by \"Vogue\" include \"In Vogue: An Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine\", \"Vogue: The Covers\", \"Vogue: The Editor's Eye\", \"Vogue Living: House, Gardens, People\", \"The World in Vogue\", \"Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers\", and \"Nostalgia in Vogue\". Launched in 2011 by Cond\u00e9 Nast Digital, Voguepedia is a fashion encyclopedia that also includes an archive of every issue of \"Vogue\"s American edition since 1892. Only Vogue staff are permitted to contribute to the encyclopedia, unlike the VogueEncyclo\u2014hosted by \"Vogue Italia\"\u2014that receives contributions from anyone. As of May 9, 2013, the site is not fully functional, as code still shows in search results and only certain search terms yield results. \"Vogue\" has also created an easily navigable website that includes six different content categories for viewers to explore. The website includes an archive with issues from 1892 forward for those whom subscribe for the website. The magazines online are the same as those that were printed in that time and are not cut or shortened from the original content. \"Vogue\" launched the teaser for their podcast series on September 10, 2015.", "South Korea and Australia publish a \"Vogue Girl\" magazine (currently suspended from further publication), in addition to the \"Vogue Living\" and \"Vogue Entertaining + Travel\" editions. \"Vogue Hommes International\" is an international men's fashion magazine based in Paris, France, and \"L'uomo Vogue\" is the Italian men's version. Other Italian versions of \"Vogue\" include \"Vogue Casa\" and \"Bambini Vogue\". Until 1961, \"Vogue\" was also the publisher of \"Vogue Patterns\", a home sewing pattern company. It was sold to Butterick Publishing which also licensed the Vogue name. \" Vogue China\" was launched in September 2005, with Australian model Gemma Ward on the cover flanked by Chinese models. In 2007, an Arabic edition of \"Vogue\" was rejected by Cond\u00e9 Nast International. October 2007 saw the launch of \"Vogue India\", and \"Vogue Turkey\" was launched in March 2010. On March 5, 2010, 16 International editors-in-chief of Vogue met in Paris to discuss the 2nd Fashion's Night Out."], "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#2", "question": "how did the casting call go?", "rewrite": "how did the Vogue casting call go?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Young informs them that when James came back to her own body, she knocked the stones onto the floor, thus never wiping the stone clean. One of the aliens then used this opportunity to connect to James and sabotage \"Destiny\" before broadcasting its location. Young prepares his soldiers for the battle before he is to sit in the chair interface to try to get the FTL up and running. However, Franklin, who seems to have regained some of his faculties, tells James to take him to the chair. He takes the place of Young and orders them to leave the room. Franklin is able to engage the FTL but upon re-entering the chair room Young and James find that Franklin is missing. The casting call for Amanda Perry, originally to be cast as Eleanor Perry, contained some poorly chosen words which sparked controversy. BA Haller from his blog at Media Dis&Dat responded negatively to the casting call saying \"\"I'm profoundly disturbed by what this casting call suggests about disabilities (that a person's body is 'useless' unless fully abled, for example, that a disability is something that should be fixed, that people with disabilities do not have sex lives, and that a person with a disability is less than fully realized as a human being.) The casting call is making the rounds on the blogosphere, and is being roundly criticized in some quarters but welcomed in others.\" \"  Sarah Warn from AfterEllen.com chose to take aim at the network, saying \"\"wow. And this is from the network that, when they received a failing grade from GLAAD a few weeks ago, said \"we need to work harder. \" If this is working harder, I'd hate to see what slacking off would look like.\" \"  Series creators, Brad Wright and Robert Cooper responded by saying the following:", "The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (season 1) This article contains episode summaries and other information pertaining to the first season of the reality television series \"The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency\". Janice's agency opens with a general casting call from people all over the world. Approximately 500 people respond, and from these, she chooses five to continue as Americas Next Top Models. Particular attention is paid to one Theresa Cutie, an 18-year-old whom Janice met on the street. Although Theresa is homeless, Janice feels that she is confident and beautiful, declaring their meeting a \"perfect fashion moment\". Theresa was invited to the casting call, and she came. Janice searches for a business associate. She also holds an invitation-only casting call. She also fires the triplets who served as her personal assistants for refusing to help set up her MySpace web page. She begins to have some doubts about her business acumen. Janice and her new partner, Peter Hamm, discuss the merits of her models. She feels that they are all full of potential, although acknowledges significant work must be done to get them camera ready. Peter singles out Nyabel and Lauren for being \"large\" and Janice gives them two weeks to lose weight. Particular attention is paid to Sorin Mihalache, who arrives late, displeasing Janice. At her insistence, he removes his clothing and poses nude. She declares him \"camera ready\" amid general applause from the other models. Theresa Cutie is dismissed from the agency after missing an appointment for a plastic surgery consultation without calling Janice. Janice holds another open casting call with close to 1,000 people responding. Peter and Janice clash over one potential model, \"Fargo.\" Peter thinks she's perfect for lad mags like \"Maxim\" and \"FHM\". Janice thinks the agency should go for a different sort of job but gives in.", "Similar to his 2003 film \"Elephant\", Van Sant sought non-professional young actors to play the main roles, and so created a page for the film on social networking site MySpace. On the page, he posted an open casting call for males and females aged 14\u201318 who were \"skaters, honor roll [students], cheerleaders, punks, drama kids, musicians, artists, student council [members], athletes, award winners, class skippers, photographers, band members, leaders, followers, shy kids, class clowns\". Two audition sessions were held on August 3 and August 5, 2006, as well as an additional casting call for experienced skateboarders to act as extras in the film; a total of 2,971 people auditioned. Gabe Nevins, having never acted before, heard about the casting call from a skateboard store and originally auditioned as an extra. Nevins was cast in the lead role, which he says was based on his innocence that Van Sant believed trained actors to be lacking. Jake Miller, originally from Boise, Idaho, was on a road trip in Portland when he heard about the casting call and decided to audition with his friends. Taylor Momsen was a professional actor beforehand and received the \"Paranoid Park\" script through her agent. She won the role after sending her taped audition to Van Sant. The film features two cameo appearances: Alex's father is played by professional skateboarder Jay \"Smay\" Williamson, and his uncle is played by the film's cinematographer Christopher Doyle. Most of the actors wore their own clothes and wrote some of their characters' dialogue to maintain a sense of authenticity. Principal photography began in Oregon in October 2006. Filming locations included Portland State University, the Steel Bridge, St. Johns Bridge, Lloyd Center, Madison High School and Van Sant's own beach house.", "In February 2014, the series put out a casting call for an actor between the ages of 24 and 35 to play the role of Micah, who was initially supposed to be African American. There was initial speculation that the series was looking to recast the role of Cameron Davis, a role previously played by Nathan Owens. In September, the producers reissued the casting call for the same role looking for a fully Hispanic or partly Hispanic actor. The character would start out as a recurring role with the potential to become contract. Shortly after, the casting notice was reissued for Hispanic or Asian actors to fill the role. In October 2014, several reports surfaced that actor Christopher Sean had been cast in the role of baseball player Paul Narita and would debut on November 7, 2014. A former Mr. Asia USA, Sean was known for his appearances in the web series, \"The Lizzie Bennet Diaries\", \"Hollywood Heights\", \"The Mindy Project\" and \"Hawaii Five-O\". Sean's previous experience in daytime included two episodes of \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" in 2010. Of the casting process, Christopher Sean said, \"It's pretty crazy the way it worked out.\" He continued, \" But in essence, they didn't know what they wanted, and luckily, I was chosen. \" Sean further explained \"It was a really big casting call.\" According to casting director Marnie Saitta, \"it came down to a group of Asian boys, a group of black boys, a group of white boys, and there was a large amount of all of them. \" They narrowed the search down to three actors, one from each race. The three actors did a network test opposite Freddie Smith who played Sonny. Even then, the producers were still not sure of what direction to go.", "O'Shea Jr. joined Jason Mitchell and Corey Hawkins, who portrayed group members Eazy-E and Dr. Dre, respectively. In early July 2014, casting directors for the film issued a casting call for extras and vintage cars in the Los Angeles area. The casting call release stated that filming would begin in August 2014. In July 2014, it was confirmed Aldis Hodge would portray MC Ren and Neil Brown Jr. would play DJ Yella. On August 15, 2014, Paul Giamatti joined the cast to play N.W.A's manager Jerry Heller. On August 26, 2014, Keith Stanfield joined the cast to play Snoop Dogg. On June 16, 2015, Ice Cube revealed that a \"Tupac scene\" had been shot for the film. \" Entertainment Weekly\" reported that the role of Tupac Shakur in the film would be played by newcomer Marcc Rose, who was once rumored to be cast by John Singleton in his unmade \"Tupac\" biopic. Rose later reprised the role of Tupac in the first and only season of the true crime drama series \"Unsolved\". On July 16, 2014, a casting call for extras for \"Straight Outta Compton\" was released on the Sande Alessi Casting Facebook page. The casting call was looking for African-American girls for the film using an A-D ranking scale. Though the \"A girls\" category was looking for \"classy\" women of all colors, the \"B through D \" categories were very explicitly linked with skin-tone. As the women get less attractive, the casting call wants the women's flesh tone to be darker, with the lowest listing calling for \"African American girls. Poor, not in good shape. Medium to dark skin tone. \""], "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#3", "question": "anything else about the song?", "rewrite": "In addition to the huge casting call was there anything else about Vogue?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (season 1) This article contains episode summaries and other information pertaining to the first season of the reality television series \"The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency\". Janice's agency opens with a general casting call from people all over the world. Approximately 500 people respond, and from these, she chooses five to continue as Americas Next Top Models. Particular attention is paid to one Theresa Cutie, an 18-year-old whom Janice met on the street. Although Theresa is homeless, Janice feels that she is confident and beautiful, declaring their meeting a \"perfect fashion moment\". Theresa was invited to the casting call, and she came. Janice searches for a business associate. She also holds an invitation-only casting call. She also fires the triplets who served as her personal assistants for refusing to help set up her MySpace web page. She begins to have some doubts about her business acumen. Janice and her new partner, Peter Hamm, discuss the merits of her models. She feels that they are all full of potential, although acknowledges significant work must be done to get them camera ready. Peter singles out Nyabel and Lauren for being \"large\" and Janice gives them two weeks to lose weight. Particular attention is paid to Sorin Mihalache, who arrives late, displeasing Janice. At her insistence, he removes his clothing and poses nude. She declares him \"camera ready\" amid general applause from the other models. Theresa Cutie is dismissed from the agency after missing an appointment for a plastic surgery consultation without calling Janice. Janice holds another open casting call with close to 1,000 people responding. Peter and Janice clash over one potential model, \"Fargo.\" Peter thinks she's perfect for lad mags like \"Maxim\" and \"FHM\". Janice thinks the agency should go for a different sort of job but gives in.", "The video was directed by David Fincher and shot at The Burbank Studios in Burbank, California on February 10-11, 1990. According to Lucy O'Brien in her book Madonna: Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared. Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design. Many of the scenes are recreations of photographs taken by noted photographer Horst P. Horst, including his famous Mainbocher Corset, Lisa with Turban (1940), and Carmen Face Massage (1946). Horst was reportedly \"displeased\" with Madonna's video because he never gave his permission for his photographs to be used and received no acknowledgement from Madonna. Some of the close-up poses recreate noted portraits of such stars as Marilyn Monroe, Veronica Lake, Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich, Katharine Hepburn, Judy Garland and Jean Harlow. (Additionally, several stars of this era were name-checked in the song's lyrics.) Several famous Hollywood portrait photographers whose style and works are referenced include George Hurrell, Eugene Robert Richee, Don English, Whitey Schafer, Ernest Bachrach, Scotty Welbourne, Laszlo Willinger, and Clarence Sinclair Bull. The video features the dancers for Madonna's then-upcoming Blond Ambition Tour - Donna De Lory, Niki Harris, Luis Xtravaganza Camacho, Jose Gutierez Xtravaganza, Salim Gauwloos, Carlton Wilborn, Gabriel Trupin, Oliver Crumes and Kevin Stea.", "Young informs them that when James came back to her own body, she knocked the stones onto the floor, thus never wiping the stone clean. One of the aliens then used this opportunity to connect to James and sabotage \"Destiny\" before broadcasting its location. Young prepares his soldiers for the battle before he is to sit in the chair interface to try to get the FTL up and running. However, Franklin, who seems to have regained some of his faculties, tells James to take him to the chair. He takes the place of Young and orders them to leave the room. Franklin is able to engage the FTL but upon re-entering the chair room Young and James find that Franklin is missing. The casting call for Amanda Perry, originally to be cast as Eleanor Perry, contained some poorly chosen words which sparked controversy. BA Haller from his blog at Media Dis&Dat responded negatively to the casting call saying \"\"I'm profoundly disturbed by what this casting call suggests about disabilities (that a person's body is 'useless' unless fully abled, for example, that a disability is something that should be fixed, that people with disabilities do not have sex lives, and that a person with a disability is less than fully realized as a human being.) The casting call is making the rounds on the blogosphere, and is being roundly criticized in some quarters but welcomed in others.\" \"  Sarah Warn from AfterEllen.com chose to take aim at the network, saying \"\"wow. And this is from the network that, when they received a failing grade from GLAAD a few weeks ago, said \"we need to work harder. \" If this is working harder, I'd hate to see what slacking off would look like.\" \"  Series creators, Brad Wright and Robert Cooper responded by saying the following:", "O'Shea Jr. joined Jason Mitchell and Corey Hawkins, who portrayed group members Eazy-E and Dr. Dre, respectively. In early July 2014, casting directors for the film issued a casting call for extras and vintage cars in the Los Angeles area. The casting call release stated that filming would begin in August 2014. In July 2014, it was confirmed Aldis Hodge would portray MC Ren and Neil Brown Jr. would play DJ Yella. On August 15, 2014, Paul Giamatti joined the cast to play N.W.A's manager Jerry Heller. On August 26, 2014, Keith Stanfield joined the cast to play Snoop Dogg. On June 16, 2015, Ice Cube revealed that a \"Tupac scene\" had been shot for the film. \" Entertainment Weekly\" reported that the role of Tupac Shakur in the film would be played by newcomer Marcc Rose, who was once rumored to be cast by John Singleton in his unmade \"Tupac\" biopic. Rose later reprised the role of Tupac in the first and only season of the true crime drama series \"Unsolved\". On July 16, 2014, a casting call for extras for \"Straight Outta Compton\" was released on the Sande Alessi Casting Facebook page. The casting call was looking for African-American girls for the film using an A-D ranking scale. Though the \"A girls\" category was looking for \"classy\" women of all colors, the \"B through D \" categories were very explicitly linked with skin-tone. As the women get less attractive, the casting call wants the women's flesh tone to be darker, with the lowest listing calling for \"African American girls. Poor, not in good shape. Medium to dark skin tone. \"", "Similar to his 2003 film \"Elephant\", Van Sant sought non-professional young actors to play the main roles, and so created a page for the film on social networking site MySpace. On the page, he posted an open casting call for males and females aged 14\u201318 who were \"skaters, honor roll [students], cheerleaders, punks, drama kids, musicians, artists, student council [members], athletes, award winners, class skippers, photographers, band members, leaders, followers, shy kids, class clowns\". Two audition sessions were held on August 3 and August 5, 2006, as well as an additional casting call for experienced skateboarders to act as extras in the film; a total of 2,971 people auditioned. Gabe Nevins, having never acted before, heard about the casting call from a skateboard store and originally auditioned as an extra. Nevins was cast in the lead role, which he says was based on his innocence that Van Sant believed trained actors to be lacking. Jake Miller, originally from Boise, Idaho, was on a road trip in Portland when he heard about the casting call and decided to audition with his friends. Taylor Momsen was a professional actor beforehand and received the \"Paranoid Park\" script through her agent. She won the role after sending her taped audition to Van Sant. The film features two cameo appearances: Alex's father is played by professional skateboarder Jay \"Smay\" Williamson, and his uncle is played by the film's cinematographer Christopher Doyle. Most of the actors wore their own clothes and wrote some of their characters' dialogue to maintain a sense of authenticity. Principal photography began in Oregon in October 2006. Filming locations included Portland State University, the Steel Bridge, St. Johns Bridge, Lloyd Center, Madison High School and Van Sant's own beach house."], "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#4", "question": "who was the artwork by?", "rewrite": "who was the artwork in the video for Vogue by?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vogue (cigarette) Vogue is an upmarket brand of cigarette, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco. Vogue is available in several varieties, including regular, menthol and lights. Vogue cigarettes are marketed in both king size and super slim, which is about 100 mm long and thinner than a standard size cigarette. Vogue cigarette brand belongs to a decorative or fashionable kind on the cigarettes market and is sold primarily to women. The Vogue cigarette's style was based on the 1950s couture captured by Henry Clarke. The distinctive design of the package is intended to symbolize elegance, class and refinement. Singer Madonna is shown smoking a Vogue brand cigarette in the video for her 1990 single \"Vogue\". In 1999, the line of Vogue cigarettes emerged from an alliance of the British American Tobacco company with its British opponent Rothmans International companies. The \u2018Vogue Superslims\u2019 and \u2018Vogue Superslims Menthol\u2019 were launched in 1987. This trademark remains in a stable position on the market for women. In 2005, Lilas, Bleue and Menthe, which formed the Vogue Arome line, were added to the main line of Vogue cigarettes. They achieved great success and up to 2006 the whole series of Vogue Arome was stocked on the European market. In March 2007, Vogue Blanche and Vogue Noire were launched. The manufacturers announced a complete image renewal in August 2007. The brand is or was sold in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa Bulgaria, Israel and Malta.", "Present in the meeting were the 16 International editors-in-chief of \"Vogue\": Wintour (American \"Vogue\"), Emmanuelle Alt (French \"Vogue\"), Franca Sozzani (Italian \"Vogue\"), Alexandra Shulman (British \"Vogue\"), Kirstie Clements (Australian \"Vogue\"), Aliona Doletskaya (Russian \"Vogue\"), Angelica Cheung (Chinese \"Vogue\"), Christiane Arp (German \"Vogue\"), Priya Tanna (Indian \"Vogue\"), Rosalie Huang (Taiwanese \"Vogue\"), Paula Mateus (Portuguese \"Vogue\"), Seda Domani\u00e7 (Turkish \"Vogue\"), Yolanda Sacristan (Spanish \"Vogue\"), Eva Hughes (Mexican \"Vogue\"), Mitsuko Watanabe (Japanese \"Vogue\"), and Daniela Falcao (Brazilian \"Vogue\"). Since 2010, seven new editors-in-chief joined \"Vogue\": Victoria Davydova replaced Aliona Doletskaya as editor-in-chief of \"Russian Vogue\"; Emmanuelle Alt became \"French Vogue\" 's editor-in-chief after Carine Roitfeld resigned; Edwina McCann became \"Australian Vogue\" editor-in-chief after Kirstie Clements was fired; Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes at \"Vogue Mexico\" and \"Vogue Latin America\", when Hughes was named CEO of Cond\u00e9 Nast Mexico and Latin America in 2012; and Karin Swerink, Kullawit Laosukrsi, and Masha Tsukanova were appointed editors-in-chief of the newly launched Netherlands, Thailand, and Ukraine editions, respectively. At the beginning of 2013 the Japanese version, \"Vogue Hommes Japan\", ended publication.", "Vogue Records Vogue Records was a short-lived United States-based record label of the 1940s, noted for the artwork embedded in the records themselves. Founded in 1946 as part of Sav-Way Industries of Detroit, Michigan, the discs were initially a hit, because of the novelty of the colorful artwork, and the improved sound compared to the shellac records dominant at the time. The discs were manufactured by first sandwiching printed illustrations around a core of aluminum, then coating both sides with clear vinyl upon which the grooves were stamped. The company went out of business the following year, having released between 67 and 74 double-sided 78 rpm gramophone records. Some of the Vogue issues were re-releases of recordings originally issued by other companies. The colorful artwork on the records have made Vogue Records a collector's item. Two releases on the Vogue label have been the source of much collector debate over the years: the 1946 releases by the country swing group the Down Homers \"Who's Gonna Kiss You When I'm Gone?\" and \"Boogie Woogie Yodel\" have often been cited as featuring the earliest recorded performances by future rock and roll pioneer Bill Haley, who was a member of the group in 1946. However this rumor was later debunked by surviving members of the Down Homers as well as Haley researchers. Nonetheless, the Vogue Down Homers releases are considered among the more collectable of the label's releases.", "South Korea and Australia publish a \"Vogue Girl\" magazine (currently suspended from further publication), in addition to the \"Vogue Living\" and \"Vogue Entertaining + Travel\" editions. \"Vogue Hommes International\" is an international men's fashion magazine based in Paris, France, and \"L'uomo Vogue\" is the Italian men's version. Other Italian versions of \"Vogue\" include \"Vogue Casa\" and \"Bambini Vogue\". Until 1961, \"Vogue\" was also the publisher of \"Vogue Patterns\", a home sewing pattern company. It was sold to Butterick Publishing which also licensed the Vogue name. \" Vogue China\" was launched in September 2005, with Australian model Gemma Ward on the cover flanked by Chinese models. In 2007, an Arabic edition of \"Vogue\" was rejected by Cond\u00e9 Nast International. October 2007 saw the launch of \"Vogue India\", and \"Vogue Turkey\" was launched in March 2010. On March 5, 2010, 16 International editors-in-chief of Vogue met in Paris to discuss the 2nd Fashion's Night Out.", "Mini-series that have aired on the video channel include \"Vogue Weddings\", \"The Monday Makeover\", \"From the Vogue Closet\", \"Fashion Week\", \"Elettra's Goodness\", \"Jeanius\", \"Vintage Bowles\", \"The Backstory\", \"Beauty Mark\", \"Met Gala\", \"Voguepedia\", \"Vogue Voices\", \"Vogue Diaries\", \"CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund\", and \"Monday's with Andre\". Books published by \"Vogue\" include \"In Vogue: An Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine\", \"Vogue: The Covers\", \"Vogue: The Editor's Eye\", \"Vogue Living: House, Gardens, People\", \"The World in Vogue\", \"Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers\", and \"Nostalgia in Vogue\". Launched in 2011 by Cond\u00e9 Nast Digital, Voguepedia is a fashion encyclopedia that also includes an archive of every issue of \"Vogue\"s American edition since 1892. Only Vogue staff are permitted to contribute to the encyclopedia, unlike the VogueEncyclo\u2014hosted by \"Vogue Italia\"\u2014that receives contributions from anyone. As of May 9, 2013, the site is not fully functional, as code still shows in search results and only certain search terms yield results. \"Vogue\" has also created an easily navigable website that includes six different content categories for viewers to explore. The website includes an archive with issues from 1892 forward for those whom subscribe for the website. The magazines online are the same as those that were printed in that time and are not cut or shortened from the original content. \"Vogue\" launched the teaser for their podcast series on September 10, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design.", "answer_start": 446}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about the song?", "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#5", "question": "what else was noticable about the set design?", "rewrite": "In addition to the artwork, what else was noticable about the set design for Vogue?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Olivier Award for Set Design \"Oklahoma!\" (1996) Olivier Award for Costume Design \"Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream\", \"La Grande Magia\" & \"The Way of the World \" Nominations include:  Olivier Award Nomination:  (2006) for Best Costume Design \"Mary Stuart\" (2003) Best Set Design for \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" (2002) Best Set & Costume Design for \"My Fair Lady\"  (1995) Best Set Design for \"The Tempest\"  (1994) Best Set & Costume Design for \"The Winter\u2019s Tale\" Tony Award Nominations: (2007/8) \"Macbeth\" Set design  ( 2004/05) Set Design \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" (1995/96) Set design \"A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream\" Drama Desk Award Nominations: (2004/2005) Outstanding Set and Costume Design for \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\", (2001/2002) Outstanding Set Design for \"Oklahoma!' Evening Standard Award Nominations: (2007) Best Set Design for \"Macbeth\".", "Rob Howell Robert (Rob) Stuart Howell is a British costume and set designer. He is primarily known for his work on the London stage. Howell won the Olivier Award for his set design for the musical \"Matilda the Musical\" in 2012. He has also designed both scenery and costumes for several Broadway shows, and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Set Design for \"Ghost the Musical\" in 2012. After leaving college, Howell worked for two and a half years with the Royal Shakespeare Company as a resident design assistant. He met Matthew Warchus there, who years later asked him whether he would be interested in working on \"Matilda the Musical\". Howell has designed sets and costumes for numerous plays and musicals in the UK, in London and for Broadway over a 20-year period (based on a 2012 interview). In London, he has designed for Royal National Theatre productions including \"Buried Child\", \"Chips with Everything\", \"Troilus and Cressida\", \"Battle Royal\", and \"Howard Katz\". He has also designed for productions at the Royal Court Theatre, the Donmar Warehouse, the Almeida Theatre, and the Royal Shakespeare Company as well as for regional UK theatres. He was the set and costume designer for the stage musical \"Lord of the Rings\" (West End, 2007). Howell has won three Olivier Awards for Best Set Design. The most recent of these was for his work on the West End production of \"Matilda the Musical\". He has received 2013 Tony Award nominations for his work on the Broadway production of \"Matilda the Musical\", for both Best Scenic Design of a Musical and Best Costume Design of a Musical. His set design for \"Matilda the Musical\" was described: Howell's unique design for \"Matilda the Musical\" saw the entire Cambridge theatre, from foyer to stage, transformed into Roald Dahl's imaginative world.", "Novim Novim is a non-profit group at the University of California, Santa Barbara that organizes teams for objective scientific study of global issues and identification options for addressing the concerns, based upon an collaborative problem-solving approach used in the field of physics. The group was formed at the University of California campus in Santa Barbara to create a collaborative problem-solving approach to address widespread and complicated problems, modeled after approaches at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). Novim organizes study teams of scientists, researchers, and area experts to evaluate issues like climate engineering, global surface temperatures, and methane leakages in natural gas production. Their criteria for issue selection is that it must be \"highly complex, controversial and global. \" They partner with governmental organizations, like the Department of Energy and Office of Science, to engage them in the process, share findings and discuss potential actions. Jim Knight is Novim's executive vice president and Michael Ditmore is its executive director, both of whom are Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) Director\u2019s Council members. They first studied the changes in the Earth's average surface temperature and published their findings in 2009 in the \"Climate Engineering Study Group\" report. They found that there was a need to use geoengineering to lower the Earth's average temperature and suggested adopting the principles of short wave climate engineering (SWCE) to introduce aerosols into the stratosphere. Much like the sulfur particles released by large volcanic eruptions, the aerosols would reflect shortwave solar radiation back into space to cool the air and land below. Although SWCE may help reverse global warming, the technique remains untested and potential adverse effects are unknown, and therefore could not be mitigated. Opponents have stated that the core causes are not addressed, only the symptoms, and that SWCE would damage the ozone.", "Novim collected an international team of scientists to work together on the study, which was performed on a small scale to make options available as soon as reasonably possible. They determined that the cost to deploying the methods described in the study would be about $8 billion USD per year if delivered by aircraft. Novim's second study was the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature Study (BEST), released 29 July 2012. The study reanalyzes the world's land temperature data following the Climatic Research Unit email controversy. Professor Richard A. Muller led the study team that included 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics winner Saul Perlmutter. Methane Leakage - Novim has assembled a team of scientific and technical experts to analyze existing studies of the emissions profile of natural gas during the production and distribution phases, with a focus on determining a range of actual methane leakage rates. Probable causes for the leakage will be included, and proposed solutions will be examined, along with associated costs.", "Called \"Nature's Great Events: The Most Spectacular Natural Events on the Planet\", it is authored by the BBC Natural History Unit, edited by Karen Bass and has an introduction by Brian Leith. () The companion volume for the US market, \"Nature's Great Events: The Most Amazing Natural Events on the Planet\", was published by the University of Chicago Press on 15 May 2009. () The musical score and songs featured in the series were composed by Ben Salisbury and Barnaby Taylor with the performed by the BBC Concert Orchestra, and has been performed during \"\"Nature's Great Events Live\"\" as part of an event for the re-opening of Bristol\u2019s Colston Hall in the UK. The soundtrack was only available for digital release at iTunes Store on 9 September 2009. http://www.gosainpost.com/category/universe/ http://www.gosainpost.com/out-of-the-shadows-the-wildcats-youve-never-see/ http://www.gosainpost.com/category/animals/ http://www.gosainpost.com/bengal-tiger-panthera-tigris-tigris/"], "answer": {"text": "Many of the scenes are recreations of photographs taken by noted photographer Horst P. Horst,", "answer_start": 516}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about the song?", "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the artwork by?", "answer": {"text": "by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design.", "answer_start": 446, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#6", "question": "did anything else inspire the art?", "rewrite": "In addition to the photographs, did anything else inspire the art for Vogue?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Vogue Italia Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of \"Vogue\" magazine. Owned by Cond\u00e9 Nast International, it is the least commercial of all editions of \"Vogue\" magazine and has been called the top fashion magazine in the world. Its imagery is frequently shocking and provocative; according to the art director of British \"Vogue\", its photographs \"go beyond straight fashion to be about art and ideas\". \"Vogue Italia\" was first published as \"Novit\u00e0\" (\"Novelties\") in October 1964 until November 1965, when the name was changed to \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\"; in May 1966 the title was changed to \"Vogue Italia\", its title to the present day. In 1961, Cond\u00e9 Nast contacted the owner of \"Novit\u00e0\" magazine to invest in a new fashion magazine. From October 1964 until November 1965, the magazine was published as Novit\u00e0. In 1965, after 73 years since the birth of Vogue, \"Vogue Italia\" was launched, as Vogue & Novit\u00e0, being the first issue for the month of November 1965. Consuelo Crespi lead the launch until 1966. In 1966, Franco Sartori was appointed as the first editor-in-chief and under his leadership he changed the name from \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\" to \"Vogue Italia\", being the May 1966 issue the first issue under the new name. He held the position for 22 years until 1988. In 1988, Franca Sozzani became the second editor-in-chief for the publication, with the July/August 1988 issue her first. Before editing \"Vogue Italia\", Sozzani worked as editor for \"Vogue Bambini\", and as editor-in-chief for \"Lei\" and subsequently for \"Per Lui\", the men's edition of the former. After seeking new possibilities, the Italian journalist accepted the offer to edit \"Vogue Italia\".", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "Peter Boehringer Peter Boehringer (born 6 April 1969) is a German politician for the populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) and since 2017 member of the Bundestag, the federal legislative body. Boehringer was born 1969 in the West German town of Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd and studied at the EBS University of Business and Law. He has an Master of Business Administration. Boehringer is member of the German libertairian Friedrich August von Hayek society. In 2015, Boehringer entered the populist AfD and became member of the Bundestag in 2017. He gained some media attentation after the leak of private e-mails, in which he called the German chancellor Angela Merkel 'Merkelnutte' (Merkelbitch). Boehringer denies the scientific consensus on climate change.", "Gianroberto Casaleggio Gianroberto Casaleggio (; 14 August 1954 \u2013 12 April 2016) was an Italian entrepreneur and political activist, born in Milan. He was co-founder and chairman of Casaleggio Associati srl, an internet and publishing company that advises on network strategies, and editor of Beppe Grillo's blog. He was also co-founder, with Beppe Grillo, of the Five Star Movement, of which he was sometimes called \"guru\". In the Italian context, Casaleggio promoted the Web as a medium for political communication. Casaleggio began his career working at Olivetti, then, in the late 1990s, became CEO at Webegg, an internet consulting company. Webegg suffered heavy losses (over \u20ac20 million) in the period 2002\u20132003, and Casaleggio was replaced as CEO in 2003 by Giuseppe Longo. In 2004, Casaleggio founded Casaleggio Associati, an internet consulting company that carries out research on e-commerce in Italy and whose findings are presented at a conference held in Milan every spring (since 2006). Casaleggio Associati became the editor of Beppe Grillo's blog in 2005, as well as of some of Grillo's books. Casaleggio Associati was also editor of the web-blog of Antonio Di Pietro until 2010, and the website of Chiarelettere, an editor, until 2013, when he was dismissed following disagreement over the editorial strategy. Casaleggio died on 12 April 2016 in Milan, at the age of 61, after a long period of illness. After Gianroberto's death, his son Davide was appointed to replace him as president of Casaleggio Associati."], "answer": {"text": "Corset, Lisa with Turban (1940), and Carmen Face Massage (1946).", "answer_start": 642}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about the song?", "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the artwork by?", "answer": {"text": "by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design.", "answer_start": 446, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else was noticable about the set design?", "answer": {"text": "Many of the scenes are recreations of photographs taken by noted photographer Horst P. Horst,", "answer_start": 516, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#7", "question": "anything about the lighting?", "rewrite": "Was there anything about the lighting in Vogue?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vogue Theatre  Vogue Theatre is an Art Deco/Art Moderne styled building originally built as a movie house and is presently used as an event venue for the performing arts. Situated on Vancouver\u2019s \u201cTheatre Row\", the building was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1990. The Vogue Theatre was designed by architects Kaplan & Sprachman. Construction began in 1940 and was completed in 1941. The Vogue has hosted such events such as Vancouver\u2019s ComedyFest, Vancouver International Film Festival and Vancouver International Jazz Festival. It was operated by Canadian Odeon Theatres until 1984, then by Cineplex Odeon, until its closure in 1987. In 2010, the property`s owner, Gibbons Hospitality Group, announced intentions of restoring many of the original features of the Vogue and using it as an event space. The Vogue Theatre is an example of Art Deco or Moderne architecture. The Vogue has been a National Historic Site of Canada since it was officially recognized by the federal government on November 20, 1993, under Historic Sites and Monuments Act. The interiors of the building are not officially protected. The Vogue is also a City of Vancouver heritage \"A\" building. The Vogue Theatre is crafted in the Art Deco style, emphasizing sleek lines and fluid contours. It has symmetrical fa\u00e7ades, constructed in a mixture of textured concrete and terrazzo panels with wrought-iron screens. One of the defining features of Vogue is its large neon sign which is topped by silhouette of the Roman Goddess Diana. The Vogue Theatre has 1,161 seats, with 614 on the orchestra level, 211 in the Dress Circle, and 336 on the Upper Circle. It has curved balconies and curved ceilings in the Art Deco style. The Vogue has an elaborate modulated lighting system. The stage, made of black-painted maple, is equipped with a flying system 30 feet above the floor.", "Present in the meeting were the 16 International editors-in-chief of \"Vogue\": Wintour (American \"Vogue\"), Emmanuelle Alt (French \"Vogue\"), Franca Sozzani (Italian \"Vogue\"), Alexandra Shulman (British \"Vogue\"), Kirstie Clements (Australian \"Vogue\"), Aliona Doletskaya (Russian \"Vogue\"), Angelica Cheung (Chinese \"Vogue\"), Christiane Arp (German \"Vogue\"), Priya Tanna (Indian \"Vogue\"), Rosalie Huang (Taiwanese \"Vogue\"), Paula Mateus (Portuguese \"Vogue\"), Seda Domani\u00e7 (Turkish \"Vogue\"), Yolanda Sacristan (Spanish \"Vogue\"), Eva Hughes (Mexican \"Vogue\"), Mitsuko Watanabe (Japanese \"Vogue\"), and Daniela Falcao (Brazilian \"Vogue\"). Since 2010, seven new editors-in-chief joined \"Vogue\": Victoria Davydova replaced Aliona Doletskaya as editor-in-chief of \"Russian Vogue\"; Emmanuelle Alt became \"French Vogue\" 's editor-in-chief after Carine Roitfeld resigned; Edwina McCann became \"Australian Vogue\" editor-in-chief after Kirstie Clements was fired; Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes at \"Vogue Mexico\" and \"Vogue Latin America\", when Hughes was named CEO of Cond\u00e9 Nast Mexico and Latin America in 2012; and Karin Swerink, Kullawit Laosukrsi, and Masha Tsukanova were appointed editors-in-chief of the newly launched Netherlands, Thailand, and Ukraine editions, respectively. At the beginning of 2013 the Japanese version, \"Vogue Hommes Japan\", ended publication.", "Vogue (cigarette) Vogue is an upmarket brand of cigarette, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco. Vogue is available in several varieties, including regular, menthol and lights. Vogue cigarettes are marketed in both king size and super slim, which is about 100 mm long and thinner than a standard size cigarette. Vogue cigarette brand belongs to a decorative or fashionable kind on the cigarettes market and is sold primarily to women. The Vogue cigarette's style was based on the 1950s couture captured by Henry Clarke. The distinctive design of the package is intended to symbolize elegance, class and refinement. Singer Madonna is shown smoking a Vogue brand cigarette in the video for her 1990 single \"Vogue\". In 1999, the line of Vogue cigarettes emerged from an alliance of the British American Tobacco company with its British opponent Rothmans International companies. The \u2018Vogue Superslims\u2019 and \u2018Vogue Superslims Menthol\u2019 were launched in 1987. This trademark remains in a stable position on the market for women. In 2005, Lilas, Bleue and Menthe, which formed the Vogue Arome line, were added to the main line of Vogue cigarettes. They achieved great success and up to 2006 the whole series of Vogue Arome was stocked on the European market. In March 2007, Vogue Blanche and Vogue Noire were launched. The manufacturers announced a complete image renewal in August 2007. The brand is or was sold in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa Bulgaria, Israel and Malta.", "Mini-series that have aired on the video channel include \"Vogue Weddings\", \"The Monday Makeover\", \"From the Vogue Closet\", \"Fashion Week\", \"Elettra's Goodness\", \"Jeanius\", \"Vintage Bowles\", \"The Backstory\", \"Beauty Mark\", \"Met Gala\", \"Voguepedia\", \"Vogue Voices\", \"Vogue Diaries\", \"CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund\", and \"Monday's with Andre\". Books published by \"Vogue\" include \"In Vogue: An Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine\", \"Vogue: The Covers\", \"Vogue: The Editor's Eye\", \"Vogue Living: House, Gardens, People\", \"The World in Vogue\", \"Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers\", and \"Nostalgia in Vogue\". Launched in 2011 by Cond\u00e9 Nast Digital, Voguepedia is a fashion encyclopedia that also includes an archive of every issue of \"Vogue\"s American edition since 1892. Only Vogue staff are permitted to contribute to the encyclopedia, unlike the VogueEncyclo\u2014hosted by \"Vogue Italia\"\u2014that receives contributions from anyone. As of May 9, 2013, the site is not fully functional, as code still shows in search results and only certain search terms yield results. \"Vogue\" has also created an easily navigable website that includes six different content categories for viewers to explore. The website includes an archive with issues from 1892 forward for those whom subscribe for the website. The magazines online are the same as those that were printed in that time and are not cut or shortened from the original content. \"Vogue\" launched the teaser for their podcast series on September 10, 2015.", "Vogue Italia Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of \"Vogue\" magazine. Owned by Cond\u00e9 Nast International, it is the least commercial of all editions of \"Vogue\" magazine and has been called the top fashion magazine in the world. Its imagery is frequently shocking and provocative; according to the art director of British \"Vogue\", its photographs \"go beyond straight fashion to be about art and ideas\". \"Vogue Italia\" was first published as \"Novit\u00e0\" (\"Novelties\") in October 1964 until November 1965, when the name was changed to \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\"; in May 1966 the title was changed to \"Vogue Italia\", its title to the present day. In 1961, Cond\u00e9 Nast contacted the owner of \"Novit\u00e0\" magazine to invest in a new fashion magazine. From October 1964 until November 1965, the magazine was published as Novit\u00e0. In 1965, after 73 years since the birth of Vogue, \"Vogue Italia\" was launched, as Vogue & Novit\u00e0, being the first issue for the month of November 1965. Consuelo Crespi lead the launch until 1966. In 1966, Franco Sartori was appointed as the first editor-in-chief and under his leadership he changed the name from \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\" to \"Vogue Italia\", being the May 1966 issue the first issue under the new name. He held the position for 22 years until 1988. In 1988, Franca Sozzani became the second editor-in-chief for the publication, with the July/August 1988 issue her first. Before editing \"Vogue Italia\", Sozzani worked as editor for \"Vogue Bambini\", and as editor-in-chief for \"Lei\" and subsequently for \"Per Lui\", the men's edition of the former. After seeking new possibilities, the Italian journalist accepted the offer to edit \"Vogue Italia\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about the song?", "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the artwork by?", "answer": {"text": "by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design.", "answer_start": 446, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else was noticable about the set design?", "answer": {"text": "Many of the scenes are recreations of photographs taken by noted photographer Horst P. Horst,", "answer_start": 516, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything else inspire the art?", "answer": {"text": "Corset, Lisa with Turban (1940), and Carmen Face Massage (1946).", "answer_start": 642, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#8", "question": "anything else of interest?", "rewrite": "In addition to the lighting was anything else of interest in Vogue?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The lanterns were to be placed in a zig-zag pattern from one side of the street to the other with at most 30 steps (circa 20 meters) distance between each other. The property owners were allowed to chose what type of lantern was to be used. The light sources of the city were marked on a map. The city contributed with 97 lanterns which were mounted on buildings, placed on public places, by ports, and bridges. However, Stockholm remained a dark city, especially after one in the morning when all public lighting had been extinguished. The street lanterns were called wolf eyes, a term more frightening than calming. Wolf eyes were dim oil lamps with a luminous intensity less than of a candle and It consisted of a square candle holder made of tinplate with glass panes. Wolf eyes used over 0,66 centiliters per hour. The lamps bad lighting brought many complaints, but the benefits of the new street lighting system was also recognized since the light helped prevent crime. Property owners joined together and hired so-called lamp lighters to be responsible for the street lighting. There were about 3 500 street lamps in the city in 1824. The Stockholm politician Gustaf Nerman (born in 1827) was critical to the wolf eyes; he meant that even though one was able to see where they were placed one wasn't able to see anything else because of the dim light. People usually avoided wandering the streets after dark in the 1830s. The last gas lighting in Stockholm was turned off in the year 1941. The 1930s became the breakthrough for the electrical street lighting and light signs, and the street lighting was kept lit during the night from the year 1929. Stockholm became a city that bathed in light even during World War II, apart from some blackout exercises. Many of Stockholm's street lighting luminaries are designed by famous architects.", "The truth is that he raised Nature to the rank of God by conceiving Nature as the fulness of reality, as the One and All. He rejected the specious simplicity obtainable by denying the reality of Matter, or of Mind, or of God. The cosmic system comprehends them all. In fact, God and Nature become identical when each is conceived as the Perfect Self-Existent. This constitutes Spinoza's \"Pantheism\". According to Spinoza, God has \"attributes\". One attribute is 'extension', another attribute is 'thought', and there are infinitely many such attributes. Since Spinoza holds that to exist is to \"act\", some readers take 'extension' to refer to an activity characteristic of bodies (for example, the active process of taking up space, exercising physical power, or resisting a change of place or shape). They take 'thought' to refer to the activity that is characteristic of minds, namely thinking, the exercise of mental power. Each attribute has modes. All bodies are modes of extension, and all ideas are modes of thought. Spinoza's ideas relating to the character and structure of reality are expressed by him in terms of \"substance\", \"attributes\", and \"modes\". These terms are very old and familiar, but not in the sense in which Spinoza employs them. To understand Spinoza, it is necessary to lay aside all preconceptions about them, and follow Spinoza closely. Spinoza found it impossible to understand the finite, dependent, transient objects and events of experience without assuming some reality not dependent on anything else but self-existent, not produced by anything else but eternal, not restricted or limited by anything else but infinite. Such an uncaused, self-sustaining reality he called \"substance\".", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Present in the meeting were the 16 International editors-in-chief of \"Vogue\": Wintour (American \"Vogue\"), Emmanuelle Alt (French \"Vogue\"), Franca Sozzani (Italian \"Vogue\"), Alexandra Shulman (British \"Vogue\"), Kirstie Clements (Australian \"Vogue\"), Aliona Doletskaya (Russian \"Vogue\"), Angelica Cheung (Chinese \"Vogue\"), Christiane Arp (German \"Vogue\"), Priya Tanna (Indian \"Vogue\"), Rosalie Huang (Taiwanese \"Vogue\"), Paula Mateus (Portuguese \"Vogue\"), Seda Domani\u00e7 (Turkish \"Vogue\"), Yolanda Sacristan (Spanish \"Vogue\"), Eva Hughes (Mexican \"Vogue\"), Mitsuko Watanabe (Japanese \"Vogue\"), and Daniela Falcao (Brazilian \"Vogue\"). Since 2010, seven new editors-in-chief joined \"Vogue\": Victoria Davydova replaced Aliona Doletskaya as editor-in-chief of \"Russian Vogue\"; Emmanuelle Alt became \"French Vogue\" 's editor-in-chief after Carine Roitfeld resigned; Edwina McCann became \"Australian Vogue\" editor-in-chief after Kirstie Clements was fired; Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes at \"Vogue Mexico\" and \"Vogue Latin America\", when Hughes was named CEO of Cond\u00e9 Nast Mexico and Latin America in 2012; and Karin Swerink, Kullawit Laosukrsi, and Masha Tsukanova were appointed editors-in-chief of the newly launched Netherlands, Thailand, and Ukraine editions, respectively. At the beginning of 2013 the Japanese version, \"Vogue Hommes Japan\", ended publication."], "answer": {"text": "There are two versions of the video, the regularly aired television music video, and the 12-inch remix, which is the extended version over three minutes longer.", "answer_start": 253}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about the song?", "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the artwork by?", "answer": {"text": "by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design.", "answer_start": 446, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else was noticable about the set design?", "answer": {"text": "Many of the scenes are recreations of photographs taken by noted photographer Horst P. Horst,", "answer_start": 516, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything else inspire the art?", "answer": {"text": "Corset, Lisa with Turban (1940), and Carmen Face Massage (1946).", "answer_start": 642, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything about the lighting?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#9", "question": "why two versions?", "rewrite": "why was there two versions of Vogue?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vogue (cigarette) Vogue is an upmarket brand of cigarette, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco. Vogue is available in several varieties, including regular, menthol and lights. Vogue cigarettes are marketed in both king size and super slim, which is about 100 mm long and thinner than a standard size cigarette. Vogue cigarette brand belongs to a decorative or fashionable kind on the cigarettes market and is sold primarily to women. The Vogue cigarette's style was based on the 1950s couture captured by Henry Clarke. The distinctive design of the package is intended to symbolize elegance, class and refinement. Singer Madonna is shown smoking a Vogue brand cigarette in the video for her 1990 single \"Vogue\". In 1999, the line of Vogue cigarettes emerged from an alliance of the British American Tobacco company with its British opponent Rothmans International companies. The \u2018Vogue Superslims\u2019 and \u2018Vogue Superslims Menthol\u2019 were launched in 1987. This trademark remains in a stable position on the market for women. In 2005, Lilas, Bleue and Menthe, which formed the Vogue Arome line, were added to the main line of Vogue cigarettes. They achieved great success and up to 2006 the whole series of Vogue Arome was stocked on the European market. In March 2007, Vogue Blanche and Vogue Noire were launched. The manufacturers announced a complete image renewal in August 2007. The brand is or was sold in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa Bulgaria, Israel and Malta.", "South Korea and Australia publish a \"Vogue Girl\" magazine (currently suspended from further publication), in addition to the \"Vogue Living\" and \"Vogue Entertaining + Travel\" editions. \"Vogue Hommes International\" is an international men's fashion magazine based in Paris, France, and \"L'uomo Vogue\" is the Italian men's version. Other Italian versions of \"Vogue\" include \"Vogue Casa\" and \"Bambini Vogue\". Until 1961, \"Vogue\" was also the publisher of \"Vogue Patterns\", a home sewing pattern company. It was sold to Butterick Publishing which also licensed the Vogue name. \" Vogue China\" was launched in September 2005, with Australian model Gemma Ward on the cover flanked by Chinese models. In 2007, an Arabic edition of \"Vogue\" was rejected by Cond\u00e9 Nast International. October 2007 saw the launch of \"Vogue India\", and \"Vogue Turkey\" was launched in March 2010. On March 5, 2010, 16 International editors-in-chief of Vogue met in Paris to discuss the 2nd Fashion's Night Out.", "Vogue Italia Vogue Italia is the Italian edition of \"Vogue\" magazine. Owned by Cond\u00e9 Nast International, it is the least commercial of all editions of \"Vogue\" magazine and has been called the top fashion magazine in the world. Its imagery is frequently shocking and provocative; according to the art director of British \"Vogue\", its photographs \"go beyond straight fashion to be about art and ideas\". \"Vogue Italia\" was first published as \"Novit\u00e0\" (\"Novelties\") in October 1964 until November 1965, when the name was changed to \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\"; in May 1966 the title was changed to \"Vogue Italia\", its title to the present day. In 1961, Cond\u00e9 Nast contacted the owner of \"Novit\u00e0\" magazine to invest in a new fashion magazine. From October 1964 until November 1965, the magazine was published as Novit\u00e0. In 1965, after 73 years since the birth of Vogue, \"Vogue Italia\" was launched, as Vogue & Novit\u00e0, being the first issue for the month of November 1965. Consuelo Crespi lead the launch until 1966. In 1966, Franco Sartori was appointed as the first editor-in-chief and under his leadership he changed the name from \"Vogue & Novit\u00e0\" to \"Vogue Italia\", being the May 1966 issue the first issue under the new name. He held the position for 22 years until 1988. In 1988, Franca Sozzani became the second editor-in-chief for the publication, with the July/August 1988 issue her first. Before editing \"Vogue Italia\", Sozzani worked as editor for \"Vogue Bambini\", and as editor-in-chief for \"Lei\" and subsequently for \"Per Lui\", the men's edition of the former. After seeking new possibilities, the Italian journalist accepted the offer to edit \"Vogue Italia\".", "Present in the meeting were the 16 International editors-in-chief of \"Vogue\": Wintour (American \"Vogue\"), Emmanuelle Alt (French \"Vogue\"), Franca Sozzani (Italian \"Vogue\"), Alexandra Shulman (British \"Vogue\"), Kirstie Clements (Australian \"Vogue\"), Aliona Doletskaya (Russian \"Vogue\"), Angelica Cheung (Chinese \"Vogue\"), Christiane Arp (German \"Vogue\"), Priya Tanna (Indian \"Vogue\"), Rosalie Huang (Taiwanese \"Vogue\"), Paula Mateus (Portuguese \"Vogue\"), Seda Domani\u00e7 (Turkish \"Vogue\"), Yolanda Sacristan (Spanish \"Vogue\"), Eva Hughes (Mexican \"Vogue\"), Mitsuko Watanabe (Japanese \"Vogue\"), and Daniela Falcao (Brazilian \"Vogue\"). Since 2010, seven new editors-in-chief joined \"Vogue\": Victoria Davydova replaced Aliona Doletskaya as editor-in-chief of \"Russian Vogue\"; Emmanuelle Alt became \"French Vogue\" 's editor-in-chief after Carine Roitfeld resigned; Edwina McCann became \"Australian Vogue\" editor-in-chief after Kirstie Clements was fired; Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes at \"Vogue Mexico\" and \"Vogue Latin America\", when Hughes was named CEO of Cond\u00e9 Nast Mexico and Latin America in 2012; and Karin Swerink, Kullawit Laosukrsi, and Masha Tsukanova were appointed editors-in-chief of the newly launched Netherlands, Thailand, and Ukraine editions, respectively. At the beginning of 2013 the Japanese version, \"Vogue Hommes Japan\", ended publication.", "Mini-series that have aired on the video channel include \"Vogue Weddings\", \"The Monday Makeover\", \"From the Vogue Closet\", \"Fashion Week\", \"Elettra's Goodness\", \"Jeanius\", \"Vintage Bowles\", \"The Backstory\", \"Beauty Mark\", \"Met Gala\", \"Voguepedia\", \"Vogue Voices\", \"Vogue Diaries\", \"CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund\", and \"Monday's with Andre\". Books published by \"Vogue\" include \"In Vogue: An Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine\", \"Vogue: The Covers\", \"Vogue: The Editor's Eye\", \"Vogue Living: House, Gardens, People\", \"The World in Vogue\", \"Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers\", and \"Nostalgia in Vogue\". Launched in 2011 by Cond\u00e9 Nast Digital, Voguepedia is a fashion encyclopedia that also includes an archive of every issue of \"Vogue\"s American edition since 1892. Only Vogue staff are permitted to contribute to the encyclopedia, unlike the VogueEncyclo\u2014hosted by \"Vogue Italia\"\u2014that receives contributions from anyone. As of May 9, 2013, the site is not fully functional, as code still shows in search results and only certain search terms yield results. \"Vogue\" has also created an easily navigable website that includes six different content categories for viewers to explore. The website includes an archive with issues from 1892 forward for those whom subscribe for the website. The magazines online are the same as those that were printed in that time and are not cut or shortened from the original content. \"Vogue\" launched the teaser for their podcast series on September 10, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "the regularly aired television music video, and the 12-inch remix, which is the extended version over three minutes longer.", "answer_start": 290}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about the song?", "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the artwork by?", "answer": {"text": "by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design.", "answer_start": 446, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else was noticable about the set design?", "answer": {"text": "Many of the scenes are recreations of photographs taken by noted photographer Horst P. Horst,", "answer_start": 516, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything else inspire the art?", "answer": {"text": "Corset, Lisa with Turban (1940), and Carmen Face Massage (1946).", "answer_start": 642, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything about the lighting?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else of interest?", "answer": {"text": "There are two versions of the video, the regularly aired television music video, and the 12-inch remix, which is the extended version over three minutes longer.", "answer_start": 253, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b9adfdfa8f4406dbcbab242ea0008af_0_q#10", "question": "anybody famous in teh video?", "rewrite": "Was there anybody famous in the Vogue video?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mini-series that have aired on the video channel include \"Vogue Weddings\", \"The Monday Makeover\", \"From the Vogue Closet\", \"Fashion Week\", \"Elettra's Goodness\", \"Jeanius\", \"Vintage Bowles\", \"The Backstory\", \"Beauty Mark\", \"Met Gala\", \"Voguepedia\", \"Vogue Voices\", \"Vogue Diaries\", \"CFDA/Vogue Fashion Fund\", and \"Monday's with Andre\". Books published by \"Vogue\" include \"In Vogue: An Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine\", \"Vogue: The Covers\", \"Vogue: The Editor's Eye\", \"Vogue Living: House, Gardens, People\", \"The World in Vogue\", \"Vogue Weddings: Brides, Dresses, Designers\", and \"Nostalgia in Vogue\". Launched in 2011 by Cond\u00e9 Nast Digital, Voguepedia is a fashion encyclopedia that also includes an archive of every issue of \"Vogue\"s American edition since 1892. Only Vogue staff are permitted to contribute to the encyclopedia, unlike the VogueEncyclo\u2014hosted by \"Vogue Italia\"\u2014that receives contributions from anyone. As of May 9, 2013, the site is not fully functional, as code still shows in search results and only certain search terms yield results. \"Vogue\" has also created an easily navigable website that includes six different content categories for viewers to explore. The website includes an archive with issues from 1892 forward for those whom subscribe for the website. The magazines online are the same as those that were printed in that time and are not cut or shortened from the original content. \"Vogue\" launched the teaser for their podcast series on September 10, 2015.", "Present in the meeting were the 16 International editors-in-chief of \"Vogue\": Wintour (American \"Vogue\"), Emmanuelle Alt (French \"Vogue\"), Franca Sozzani (Italian \"Vogue\"), Alexandra Shulman (British \"Vogue\"), Kirstie Clements (Australian \"Vogue\"), Aliona Doletskaya (Russian \"Vogue\"), Angelica Cheung (Chinese \"Vogue\"), Christiane Arp (German \"Vogue\"), Priya Tanna (Indian \"Vogue\"), Rosalie Huang (Taiwanese \"Vogue\"), Paula Mateus (Portuguese \"Vogue\"), Seda Domani\u00e7 (Turkish \"Vogue\"), Yolanda Sacristan (Spanish \"Vogue\"), Eva Hughes (Mexican \"Vogue\"), Mitsuko Watanabe (Japanese \"Vogue\"), and Daniela Falcao (Brazilian \"Vogue\"). Since 2010, seven new editors-in-chief joined \"Vogue\": Victoria Davydova replaced Aliona Doletskaya as editor-in-chief of \"Russian Vogue\"; Emmanuelle Alt became \"French Vogue\" 's editor-in-chief after Carine Roitfeld resigned; Edwina McCann became \"Australian Vogue\" editor-in-chief after Kirstie Clements was fired; Kelly Talamas replaced Eva Hughes at \"Vogue Mexico\" and \"Vogue Latin America\", when Hughes was named CEO of Cond\u00e9 Nast Mexico and Latin America in 2012; and Karin Swerink, Kullawit Laosukrsi, and Masha Tsukanova were appointed editors-in-chief of the newly launched Netherlands, Thailand, and Ukraine editions, respectively. At the beginning of 2013 the Japanese version, \"Vogue Hommes Japan\", ended publication.", "Vogue (cigarette) Vogue is an upmarket brand of cigarette, currently owned and manufactured by British American Tobacco. Vogue is available in several varieties, including regular, menthol and lights. Vogue cigarettes are marketed in both king size and super slim, which is about 100 mm long and thinner than a standard size cigarette. Vogue cigarette brand belongs to a decorative or fashionable kind on the cigarettes market and is sold primarily to women. The Vogue cigarette's style was based on the 1950s couture captured by Henry Clarke. The distinctive design of the package is intended to symbolize elegance, class and refinement. Singer Madonna is shown smoking a Vogue brand cigarette in the video for her 1990 single \"Vogue\". In 1999, the line of Vogue cigarettes emerged from an alliance of the British American Tobacco company with its British opponent Rothmans International companies. The \u2018Vogue Superslims\u2019 and \u2018Vogue Superslims Menthol\u2019 were launched in 1987. This trademark remains in a stable position on the market for women. In 2005, Lilas, Bleue and Menthe, which formed the Vogue Arome line, were added to the main line of Vogue cigarettes. They achieved great success and up to 2006 the whole series of Vogue Arome was stocked on the European market. In March 2007, Vogue Blanche and Vogue Noire were launched. The manufacturers announced a complete image renewal in August 2007. The brand is or was sold in the following countries: United States, Brazil, Singapore, Ireland, United Kingdom, Australia, Luxembourg, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Portugal, Italy, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa Bulgaria, Israel and Malta.", "It was whilst working as a dancer in the early 1990s at Heaven that Tamsier met the legendary Jean Michel who will become one of his closest friends and vogue mentor. The two regularly frequented the London club scene giving performances and engaging in vogue battles with other London voguers. In 1997 whilst working for Heaven Nightclub's host and performer \u2014 Miss Kimberley as a backing voguer, Tamsier was interviewed and photographed by the alternative culture magazine Bizarre. Tamsier's \"interesting look and voguing talent\" made him a prime candidate for an interview. Tamsier credited his old friend and mentor Jean Michel for teaching him the elements of vogue and for mentoring him, as well as watching legendary U.S. voguers like Willi Ninja and Hector Xtravaganza. As a regular user of Pineapple Dance Studios in Covent Garden and Danceworks in Bond Street, Tamsier encouraged his mentor to run vogue classes in these studios. When Jean Michel was finally given a spot at Danceworks, Tamsier helped spread the word among his dancer friends \"some of whom have had no exposure to real voguing other than what they've seen on Madonna's 1990 Vogue video. \" Tamsier regularly attended the class and supported his mentor. Tamsier was a dance teacher and lecturer, teaching jazz, ballet and contemporary. He taught at Carol Straker Dance School in London, Wood Green High School College of Sports, the University of Birmingham and the London Guildhall University. Tamsier ran workshops in various inner city schools in London and the Midlands.", "In May 2018 Gonz\u00e1lez met with James Shaw Jr., a man who prevented further bloodshed at a mass shooting in a Waffle House restaurant by rushing the attacker and taking away his AR-15 rifle and saving more lives; both Shaw and Gonz\u00e1lez described each other as heroes. Gonz\u00e1lez was attacked for her Fort Lauderdale speech by many from the political right wing of American politics and press. She has also faced derogatory comments made by internet trolls about her sexual orientation, short hair, and skin color. She was verbally attacked by Leslie Gibson, then the Republican candidate running unopposed for the Maine legislature and lifetime NRA member, who referred to her as a \"skinhead lesbian\", whereupon 28-year-old Eryn Gilchrist filed papers to run against him, thus providing an opponent; Republican former state Senator Thomas Martin, Jr., who said that Gibson's remarks did not represent the Maine Republican Party, and that he planned to contact the survivors to commend their courage, also filed to run for the seat. A few days later Gibson himself dropped out of the race. Gonz\u00e1lez was the target of many right-wing conspiracy theories and hoaxes since the shooting. Conspiracy theorists have falsely accused the students, including Gonz\u00e1lez, of being crisis actors. Benjamin Kelly, an aide to Florida state Representative Shawn Harrison, was fired after making such accusations. Donald Trump Jr. faced criticism for appearing to support the crisis actor accusations. The conspiracy theories spread about Gonz\u00e1lez and other Parkland survivors were named PolitiFact's 2018 Lie of the Year. Following her highly publicized speech at the March for Our Lives, pro-gun activists doctored fake photos and video showing Gonz\u00e1lez ripping up a copy of the United States Constitution, spreading them widely on internet forums and social media. Snopes.com observed that the video was in fact a digitally manipulated Teen Vogue video of her tearing up shooting range targets."], "answer": {"text": "Carlton Wilborn, Gabriel Trupin, Oliver Crumes and Kevin Stea.", "answer_start": 1557}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the song Vogue about?", "answer": {"text": "Like an Icon, the video was brought together after a \"huge casting call\" in Los Angeles where hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which dancers were chosen?", "answer": {"text": "hundreds of different sorts of dancers appeared.", "answer_start": 261, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the casting call go?", "answer": {"text": "together after a \"huge casting call\"", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about the song?", "answer": {"text": "Filmed in black-and-white, the video recalls the look of films and photography from The Golden Age of Hollywood with the use of artwork by", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the artwork by?", "answer": {"text": "by the Art Deco artist Tamara de Lempicka and an Art Deco set design.", "answer_start": 446, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else was noticable about the set design?", "answer": {"text": "Many of the scenes are recreations of photographs taken by noted photographer Horst P. Horst,", "answer_start": 516, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything else inspire the art?", "answer": {"text": "Corset, Lisa with Turban (1940), and Carmen Face Massage (1946).", "answer_start": 642, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything about the lighting?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else of interest?", "answer": {"text": "There are two versions of the video, the regularly aired television music video, and the 12-inch remix, which is the extended version over three minutes longer.", "answer_start": 253, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why two versions?", "answer": {"text": "the regularly aired television music video, and the 12-inch remix, which is the extended version over three minutes longer.", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_1_q#0", "question": "When was Screeching Weasel born?", "rewrite": "When was Screeching Weasel born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini.", "Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Screeching Weasel (album) Screeching Weasel is the self-titled debut studio album by the Chicago-based punk rock band Screeching Weasel. It was originally released on vinyl with a limited pressing of 1,000 copies in September 1987 through local independent label Underdog Records and was the band's only album with bassist Vinnie Bovine, who was fired the next year. \"Screeching Weasel\" documents the group's early years as a hardcore punk band, with the music being heavily influenced by bands such as Adrenalin O.D., Angry Samoans, Circle Jerks and Black Flag. The album gained the band a minor local following and its initial pressing sold out quickly. However, Underdog decided not to repress the album to save money for a release by label owner Russ Forster's own band Spongetunnel. With no other label interested in repressing it, \"Screeching Weasel\" went out of print for the next decade until VML Records re-released the album on CD in 1997. The CD version was remastered by Mass Giorgini and featured a full-color version of the album art as well as several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band was formed as All-Night Garage Sale by Ben Foster (later taking the stage name \"Ben Weasel\") and John Pierson (\"John Jughead\") in Prospect Heights, Illinois in 1986, changing their name to Screeching Weasel shortly after. Weasel took singing/bass duties, Jughead became the guitarist and Steve Dubick (\"Steve Cheese\") was hired as the drummer. However, Weasel would find it too difficult to sing and play bass simultaneously, so the group hired Vince Vogel (rechristened \"Vinnie Bovine\") as their bassist in November.", "Sludgeworth was formed in 1989 as a side project from Screeching Weasel for Schafer (vocals) and Vermin (drums). Completing the line-up were Adam White (guitar), Dave McClean (guitar) and Mike Hootenstrat (bass). The band broke up in 1992 shortly after Schafer rejoined Screeching Weasel. The Riverdales were formed in 1994 by three members of Screeching Weasel (Ben Foster, Dan Schafer, and Dan Sullivan) when the former band disbanded. Just like with Screeching Weasel, Schafer played bass for the Riverdales but this time also shared lead vocals with Foster. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 and their second album \"Storm the Streets\" in 1997 before the band broke up after Screeching Weasel reformed. They reformed in 2003 to release their third (and supposedly final) album. They once again reformed in 2008 and released albums in 2009 and 2010. The band has been inactive since March 23, 2011 when all of the members quit on Ben Weasel under bad circumstances at a Screeching Weasel show. Schafer played guitar for The Queers in 1994 and 2002. He is present on The Queer's third studio album \"Beat Off\" (1994), \"Suck This\" (1995) and the \"Surf Goddess\" EP (1994). The Mopes were a side-project for Schafer (vocals, guitar) and B-Face (bass). The line-up was completed with John Jughead (guitar) and Dan Lumley (drums). The band existed from 1996 through 1998. The Methadones were a side project that Schafer began in 1993 but sat on the back-burner for a number of years."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_1_q#1", "question": "Where was he born?", "rewrite": "Where was Screeching Weasel born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sludgeworth was formed in 1989 as a side project from Screeching Weasel for Schafer (vocals) and Vermin (drums). Completing the line-up were Adam White (guitar), Dave McClean (guitar) and Mike Hootenstrat (bass). The band broke up in 1992 shortly after Schafer rejoined Screeching Weasel. The Riverdales were formed in 1994 by three members of Screeching Weasel (Ben Foster, Dan Schafer, and Dan Sullivan) when the former band disbanded. Just like with Screeching Weasel, Schafer played bass for the Riverdales but this time also shared lead vocals with Foster. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 and their second album \"Storm the Streets\" in 1997 before the band broke up after Screeching Weasel reformed. They reformed in 2003 to release their third (and supposedly final) album. They once again reformed in 2008 and released albums in 2009 and 2010. The band has been inactive since March 23, 2011 when all of the members quit on Ben Weasel under bad circumstances at a Screeching Weasel show. Schafer played guitar for The Queers in 1994 and 2002. He is present on The Queer's third studio album \"Beat Off\" (1994), \"Suck This\" (1995) and the \"Surf Goddess\" EP (1994). The Mopes were a side-project for Schafer (vocals, guitar) and B-Face (bass). The line-up was completed with John Jughead (guitar) and Dan Lumley (drums). The band existed from 1996 through 1998. The Methadones were a side project that Schafer began in 1993 but sat on the back-burner for a number of years.", "Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Screeching Weasel (album) Screeching Weasel is the self-titled debut studio album by the Chicago-based punk rock band Screeching Weasel. It was originally released on vinyl with a limited pressing of 1,000 copies in September 1987 through local independent label Underdog Records and was the band's only album with bassist Vinnie Bovine, who was fired the next year. \"Screeching Weasel\" documents the group's early years as a hardcore punk band, with the music being heavily influenced by bands such as Adrenalin O.D., Angry Samoans, Circle Jerks and Black Flag. The album gained the band a minor local following and its initial pressing sold out quickly. However, Underdog decided not to repress the album to save money for a release by label owner Russ Forster's own band Spongetunnel. With no other label interested in repressing it, \"Screeching Weasel\" went out of print for the next decade until VML Records re-released the album on CD in 1997. The CD version was remastered by Mass Giorgini and featured a full-color version of the album art as well as several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band was formed as All-Night Garage Sale by Ben Foster (later taking the stage name \"Ben Weasel\") and John Pierson (\"John Jughead\") in Prospect Heights, Illinois in 1986, changing their name to Screeching Weasel shortly after. Weasel took singing/bass duties, Jughead became the guitarist and Steve Dubick (\"Steve Cheese\") was hired as the drummer. However, Weasel would find it too difficult to sing and play bass simultaneously, so the group hired Vince Vogel (rechristened \"Vinnie Bovine\") as their bassist in November.", "Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Screeching Weasel born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_1_q#2", "question": "What did he do in his early years?", "rewrite": "What did Screeching Weasel do in 1986-1989?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini.", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Screeching Weasel (album) Screeching Weasel is the self-titled debut studio album by the Chicago-based punk rock band Screeching Weasel. It was originally released on vinyl with a limited pressing of 1,000 copies in September 1987 through local independent label Underdog Records and was the band's only album with bassist Vinnie Bovine, who was fired the next year. \"Screeching Weasel\" documents the group's early years as a hardcore punk band, with the music being heavily influenced by bands such as Adrenalin O.D., Angry Samoans, Circle Jerks and Black Flag. The album gained the band a minor local following and its initial pressing sold out quickly. However, Underdog decided not to repress the album to save money for a release by label owner Russ Forster's own band Spongetunnel. With no other label interested in repressing it, \"Screeching Weasel\" went out of print for the next decade until VML Records re-released the album on CD in 1997. The CD version was remastered by Mass Giorgini and featured a full-color version of the album art as well as several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band was formed as All-Night Garage Sale by Ben Foster (later taking the stage name \"Ben Weasel\") and John Pierson (\"John Jughead\") in Prospect Heights, Illinois in 1986, changing their name to Screeching Weasel shortly after. Weasel took singing/bass duties, Jughead became the guitarist and Steve Dubick (\"Steve Cheese\") was hired as the drummer. However, Weasel would find it too difficult to sing and play bass simultaneously, so the group hired Vince Vogel (rechristened \"Vinnie Bovine\") as their bassist in November.", "Sludgeworth was formed in 1989 as a side project from Screeching Weasel for Schafer (vocals) and Vermin (drums). Completing the line-up were Adam White (guitar), Dave McClean (guitar) and Mike Hootenstrat (bass). The band broke up in 1992 shortly after Schafer rejoined Screeching Weasel. The Riverdales were formed in 1994 by three members of Screeching Weasel (Ben Foster, Dan Schafer, and Dan Sullivan) when the former band disbanded. Just like with Screeching Weasel, Schafer played bass for the Riverdales but this time also shared lead vocals with Foster. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 and their second album \"Storm the Streets\" in 1997 before the band broke up after Screeching Weasel reformed. They reformed in 2003 to release their third (and supposedly final) album. They once again reformed in 2008 and released albums in 2009 and 2010. The band has been inactive since March 23, 2011 when all of the members quit on Ben Weasel under bad circumstances at a Screeching Weasel show. Schafer played guitar for The Queers in 1994 and 2002. He is present on The Queer's third studio album \"Beat Off\" (1994), \"Suck This\" (1995) and the \"Surf Goddess\" EP (1994). The Mopes were a side-project for Schafer (vocals, guitar) and B-Face (bass). The line-up was completed with John Jughead (guitar) and Dan Lumley (drums). The band existed from 1996 through 1998. The Methadones were a side project that Schafer began in 1993 but sat on the back-burner for a number of years.", "Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\""], "answer": {"text": "The band originally called themselves All Night Garage Sale but changed their name to Screeching Weasel,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Screeching Weasel born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_1_q#3", "question": "Why did they change their name?", "rewrite": "Why did Screeching Weasel change their name?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Screeching Weasel (album) Screeching Weasel is the self-titled debut studio album by the Chicago-based punk rock band Screeching Weasel. It was originally released on vinyl with a limited pressing of 1,000 copies in September 1987 through local independent label Underdog Records and was the band's only album with bassist Vinnie Bovine, who was fired the next year. \"Screeching Weasel\" documents the group's early years as a hardcore punk band, with the music being heavily influenced by bands such as Adrenalin O.D., Angry Samoans, Circle Jerks and Black Flag. The album gained the band a minor local following and its initial pressing sold out quickly. However, Underdog decided not to repress the album to save money for a release by label owner Russ Forster's own band Spongetunnel. With no other label interested in repressing it, \"Screeching Weasel\" went out of print for the next decade until VML Records re-released the album on CD in 1997. The CD version was remastered by Mass Giorgini and featured a full-color version of the album art as well as several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band was formed as All-Night Garage Sale by Ben Foster (later taking the stage name \"Ben Weasel\") and John Pierson (\"John Jughead\") in Prospect Heights, Illinois in 1986, changing their name to Screeching Weasel shortly after. Weasel took singing/bass duties, Jughead became the guitarist and Steve Dubick (\"Steve Cheese\") was hired as the drummer. However, Weasel would find it too difficult to sing and play bass simultaneously, so the group hired Vince Vogel (rechristened \"Vinnie Bovine\") as their bassist in November.", "Sludgeworth was formed in 1989 as a side project from Screeching Weasel for Schafer (vocals) and Vermin (drums). Completing the line-up were Adam White (guitar), Dave McClean (guitar) and Mike Hootenstrat (bass). The band broke up in 1992 shortly after Schafer rejoined Screeching Weasel. The Riverdales were formed in 1994 by three members of Screeching Weasel (Ben Foster, Dan Schafer, and Dan Sullivan) when the former band disbanded. Just like with Screeching Weasel, Schafer played bass for the Riverdales but this time also shared lead vocals with Foster. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 and their second album \"Storm the Streets\" in 1997 before the band broke up after Screeching Weasel reformed. They reformed in 2003 to release their third (and supposedly final) album. They once again reformed in 2008 and released albums in 2009 and 2010. The band has been inactive since March 23, 2011 when all of the members quit on Ben Weasel under bad circumstances at a Screeching Weasel show. Schafer played guitar for The Queers in 1994 and 2002. He is present on The Queer's third studio album \"Beat Off\" (1994), \"Suck This\" (1995) and the \"Surf Goddess\" EP (1994). The Mopes were a side-project for Schafer (vocals, guitar) and B-Face (bass). The line-up was completed with John Jughead (guitar) and Dan Lumley (drums). The band existed from 1996 through 1998. The Methadones were a side project that Schafer began in 1993 but sat on the back-burner for a number of years.", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini."], "answer": {"text": "a variation of a name a friend had suggested, Screaming Otter, which was a reference to a T-shirt that read, \"I'VE GOT A SCREAMING OTTER IN MY PANTS!\".", "answer_start": 105}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Screeching Weasel born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "The band originally called themselves All Night Garage Sale but changed their name to Screeching Weasel,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_1_q#4", "question": "Were their any other reasons for changing their name?", "rewrite": "Were there any other reasons besides Screeching Weasel's friend's suggestion for changing their name?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini.", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Screeching Weasel (album) Screeching Weasel is the self-titled debut studio album by the Chicago-based punk rock band Screeching Weasel. It was originally released on vinyl with a limited pressing of 1,000 copies in September 1987 through local independent label Underdog Records and was the band's only album with bassist Vinnie Bovine, who was fired the next year. \"Screeching Weasel\" documents the group's early years as a hardcore punk band, with the music being heavily influenced by bands such as Adrenalin O.D., Angry Samoans, Circle Jerks and Black Flag. The album gained the band a minor local following and its initial pressing sold out quickly. However, Underdog decided not to repress the album to save money for a release by label owner Russ Forster's own band Spongetunnel. With no other label interested in repressing it, \"Screeching Weasel\" went out of print for the next decade until VML Records re-released the album on CD in 1997. The CD version was remastered by Mass Giorgini and featured a full-color version of the album art as well as several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band was formed as All-Night Garage Sale by Ben Foster (later taking the stage name \"Ben Weasel\") and John Pierson (\"John Jughead\") in Prospect Heights, Illinois in 1986, changing their name to Screeching Weasel shortly after. Weasel took singing/bass duties, Jughead became the guitarist and Steve Dubick (\"Steve Cheese\") was hired as the drummer. However, Weasel would find it too difficult to sing and play bass simultaneously, so the group hired Vince Vogel (rechristened \"Vinnie Bovine\") as their bassist in November.", "Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "Sludgeworth was formed in 1989 as a side project from Screeching Weasel for Schafer (vocals) and Vermin (drums). Completing the line-up were Adam White (guitar), Dave McClean (guitar) and Mike Hootenstrat (bass). The band broke up in 1992 shortly after Schafer rejoined Screeching Weasel. The Riverdales were formed in 1994 by three members of Screeching Weasel (Ben Foster, Dan Schafer, and Dan Sullivan) when the former band disbanded. Just like with Screeching Weasel, Schafer played bass for the Riverdales but this time also shared lead vocals with Foster. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 and their second album \"Storm the Streets\" in 1997 before the band broke up after Screeching Weasel reformed. They reformed in 2003 to release their third (and supposedly final) album. They once again reformed in 2008 and released albums in 2009 and 2010. The band has been inactive since March 23, 2011 when all of the members quit on Ben Weasel under bad circumstances at a Screeching Weasel show. Schafer played guitar for The Queers in 1994 and 2002. He is present on The Queer's third studio album \"Beat Off\" (1994), \"Suck This\" (1995) and the \"Surf Goddess\" EP (1994). The Mopes were a side-project for Schafer (vocals, guitar) and B-Face (bass). The line-up was completed with John Jughead (guitar) and Dan Lumley (drums). The band existed from 1996 through 1998. The Methadones were a side project that Schafer began in 1993 but sat on the back-burner for a number of years."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Screeching Weasel born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in his early years?", "answer": {"text": "The band originally called themselves All Night Garage Sale but changed their name to Screeching Weasel,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they change their name?", "answer": {"text": "a variation of a name a friend had suggested, Screaming Otter, which was a reference to a T-shirt that read, \"I'VE GOT A SCREAMING OTTER IN MY PANTS!\".", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_0_q#0", "question": "What happened in 1991 to Screeching Weasel?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1991 to Screeching Weasel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Screeching Weasel (album) Screeching Weasel is the self-titled debut studio album by the Chicago-based punk rock band Screeching Weasel. It was originally released on vinyl with a limited pressing of 1,000 copies in September 1987 through local independent label Underdog Records and was the band's only album with bassist Vinnie Bovine, who was fired the next year. \"Screeching Weasel\" documents the group's early years as a hardcore punk band, with the music being heavily influenced by bands such as Adrenalin O.D., Angry Samoans, Circle Jerks and Black Flag. The album gained the band a minor local following and its initial pressing sold out quickly. However, Underdog decided not to repress the album to save money for a release by label owner Russ Forster's own band Spongetunnel. With no other label interested in repressing it, \"Screeching Weasel\" went out of print for the next decade until VML Records re-released the album on CD in 1997. The CD version was remastered by Mass Giorgini and featured a full-color version of the album art as well as several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band was formed as All-Night Garage Sale by Ben Foster (later taking the stage name \"Ben Weasel\") and John Pierson (\"John Jughead\") in Prospect Heights, Illinois in 1986, changing their name to Screeching Weasel shortly after. Weasel took singing/bass duties, Jughead became the guitarist and Steve Dubick (\"Steve Cheese\") was hired as the drummer. However, Weasel would find it too difficult to sing and play bass simultaneously, so the group hired Vince Vogel (rechristened \"Vinnie Bovine\") as their bassist in November.", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini.", "Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "Sludgeworth was formed in 1989 as a side project from Screeching Weasel for Schafer (vocals) and Vermin (drums). Completing the line-up were Adam White (guitar), Dave McClean (guitar) and Mike Hootenstrat (bass). The band broke up in 1992 shortly after Schafer rejoined Screeching Weasel. The Riverdales were formed in 1994 by three members of Screeching Weasel (Ben Foster, Dan Schafer, and Dan Sullivan) when the former band disbanded. Just like with Screeching Weasel, Schafer played bass for the Riverdales but this time also shared lead vocals with Foster. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 and their second album \"Storm the Streets\" in 1997 before the band broke up after Screeching Weasel reformed. They reformed in 2003 to release their third (and supposedly final) album. They once again reformed in 2008 and released albums in 2009 and 2010. The band has been inactive since March 23, 2011 when all of the members quit on Ben Weasel under bad circumstances at a Screeching Weasel show. Schafer played guitar for The Queers in 1994 and 2002. He is present on The Queer's third studio album \"Beat Off\" (1994), \"Suck This\" (1995) and the \"Surf Goddess\" EP (1994). The Mopes were a side-project for Schafer (vocals, guitar) and B-Face (bass). The line-up was completed with John Jughead (guitar) and Dan Lumley (drums). The band existed from 1996 through 1998. The Methadones were a side project that Schafer began in 1993 but sat on the back-burner for a number of years."], "answer": {"text": "My Brain Hurts (1991) for Lookout! Records, Weasel decided that he wanted to focus on singing and would no longer be playing guitar in the band.", "answer_start": 689}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_0_q#1", "question": "why did he want to leave?", "rewrite": "why did Weasel want to leave?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "An episode, though, does present \"I Am Weasel\" as a TV show airing in \"Cow and Chicken\" world, suggesting another universe, but Weasel and I.R. are both taken out of TV after all. The same occurs in another episode, but with the characters in the same universe. \"Cow and Chicken\" started out as the pilot episode \"No Smoking\" on What a Cartoon! in 1995, and was greenlit to become a series. Cartoon Network demanded a second cartoon to join \"Cow and Chicken\" in its half-hour time slot, so David Feiss came up with \"I Am Weasel\", based upon the novel \"I Am Legend\", one of his favorite books as a teenager. \"I was doodling one day, and drew a weasel, with the title ' I Am Weasel', off of one of my favorite books as a teenager, Richard Matheson's \"I Am Legend\". I thought against type, that instead of a weasel who was a weasel, this guy would be smart and heroic\". According to Feiss, the idea for creating the show begun as a single drawing of I.M. Weasel with the caption \"I Am Weasel\" and that suggested many stories to him. The concept for the rivalry between a weasel and a baboon came up from the classic nursery rhyme \"Pop Goes the Weasel\", where a monkey is said to be chasing a weasel. Also, the fact that the Red Guy doesn't wear panties was controversial for many people, as he said: \"The thing that I never thought that I'd get approval for was the Red Guy. The mere fact that he didn't wear pants was a challenge for a lot of people and I am glad Cartoon Network let it go - he's my favorite character\".", "Plop Goes the Weasel Plop Goes the Weasel is a 1953 Foghorn Leghorn cartoon, directed by Robert McKimson and released by Warner Bros. in 1953. The title is a pun on the song title \" Pop Goes the Weasel\". The aforementioned tune is played during the intro and it is played almost every time the weasel appears and subsequent cartoons involving the weasel vs Foghorn. The story begins with a wanted poster for a weasel with the subtitle \"WEASEL (CHICKEN THIEF). \" The Dawg is seen guarding the hen house by marching back and forth. Foghorn, who is on the other side of the wire fence, states to the audience that the Dawg is \"strictly G.I.\", meaning \"Gibbering Idiot,\" not to mention to the fact, he's being stubborn as a donkey. Foghorn distracts the Dawg by deliberately letting a young chick escape from the barnyard. As the dog chases the chick around, Foghorn allows a second chick to escape. Then, as the Dawg gives chase, Foghorn props himself on the wire fence and lifts his feet, allowing all of the chicks to run free. As the Dawg realizes he's being tricked, he shouts at Foghorn to \"Hey, cut that out!\" and collects all of the chicks, even using his tail to scoop up a dropped one when the weasel appears. The Dawg, in order to open the gate to the barnyard, inadvertently asks the weasel to hold on to the chicks. Realizing he just spoke to the weasel, he lifts it up, deposits the chicks back in the yard, and then kicks the weasel away, causing it to yelp repeatedly. Foghorn continues to mock the Dawg by removing a knot and then push a chick through a knothole in the fence. As the chick escapes, the weasel catches it", "While Grizzly heads for the vault himself, Weasel arrives in the Wildcard suit and confronts Deadpool (who is still in The House's suit). In a parody of \"The Empire Strikes Back\", Deadpool asks Weasel to join him. Weasel refuses and seemingly kills Deadpool by blowing his head off. Grizzly ends up being locked in the casino vault, though he still has the money. The casino owners still think that Weasel was the one in The House suit, so everyone ends up cheering for him as Grizzly is arrested. Later, in his lair, Weasel converses again with Blind Al, who insists that he tell the casino bosses the truth. Weasel is skeptical, but Blind Al reminds him about the possibility that they could have found Deadpool's body by now. Weasel then receives a call from the casino owners who reveal that they found no body. Deadpool shows up and explains that he snuck out of the suit under cover of the smoke from the explosion, and that the money in the casino vault was actually counterfeit money with his face on it. Weasel assumes that Deadpool will kill him, but Deadpool says that he won't, that he will help Weasel out of his jam, that he will take over the Wildcard suit, and that Weasel will have to lie low. When Weasel asks where he will go, Deadpool replies \" I think we both know the answer to that one, buddy... \" Later, when Deadpool meets with the casino owners, they claim that he said he'd taken care of Weasel. When they ask him how, he replies, \"I put him in a Box.\" Weasel is later freed from the Box by Macho Gomez, who recruits him to his team of people who were screwed over by, and want revenge on, Deadpool, and they confront him in Bob, Agent of HYDRA's garage.", "Using his vast knowledge of Deadpool, he quickly traps and defeats him, ultimately locking Wade in his own version of the Box. Deadpool quickly and inexplicably escapes and offers Weasel a chance to double his earnings. He then takes Weasel's extra suit of armor and the alias \"Wildcard\", acting as The House's sidekick. Later, in an encounter with a new Grizzly, unbeknownst to Weasel, Deadpool secretly tells Griz about a proposition he has for him. Grizzly manages to escape, and later, when Weasel and Deadpool meet with the casino owners, Deadpool reveals that he is in fact Wildcard, much to Weasel's fury. Later, Wade persuades Weasel to switch suits so that all the praise Wildcard gets will be for Weasel's good deeds. Weasel agrees to the plan, and the two once again face off with Grizzly, now back again and attempting to steal the millions of dollars in the casino's counting room. In the ensuing battle, Weasel fights Grizzly in the Wildcard suit while Deadpool sips drinks as The House. Unfortunately, everyone thinks Weasel is the one in The House suit drinking Lime Rickey's, and worst of all, Deadpool runs off with Grizzly and the cash. So when Deadpool tells the casino bosses that Weasel took off with the money because he wasn't getting any respect, they all believe him. They also believe him when he tells them that Weasel will be returning first thing in the morning. Meanwhile, Weasel talks on the phone with Blind Al, seeking advice, and resolves to take Deadpool down, against Blind Al's protests, and then spots an explosion in the distance. As it turns out, the explosion was caused by Deadpool, back at the casino with Grizzly and attempting to rob the vault."], "answer": {"text": "After the break-up, Weasel and Jughead formed a new band called The Gore Gore Girls, and Ben", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1991 to Screeching Weasel?", "answer": {"text": "My Brain Hurts (1991) for Lookout! Records, Weasel decided that he wanted to focus on singing and would no longer be playing guitar in the band.", "answer_start": 689, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_0_q#2", "question": "Then what happened?", "rewrite": "What happened to Weasel after forming a new band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini.", "The band originally called themselves All Night Garage Sale but changed their name to Screeching Weasel, a variation of a name a friend had suggested, Screaming Otter, which was a reference to a T-shirt that read, \"I'VE GOT A SCREAMING OTTER IN MY PANTS!\". Shortly after their formation, Weasel decided that it was too difficult to play bass and sing at the same time, so Vince Vogel, who took the stage name \"Vinnie Bovine\" joined as the band's bassist. The band recorded their debut album, Screeching Weasel, in one night for $200 and released it on Chicago label Underdog Records in 1987. In 1988, Bovine was fired from the band and was replaced with Warren Fischer, better known as Fish, and former member of the band Ozzfish. The band recorded their second studio album, Boogadaboogadaboogada!, which featured Weasel playing second guitar (he would later state that he only played on about a quarter of the songs) and made a name for themselves by opening a show for Operation Ivy at 924 Gilman Street. Steve Cheese was fired from the band shortly after the recording due to his unwillingness to tour outside of Chicago. He was replaced by Aaron Cometbus for two shows who then was replaced by Brian Vermin. Boogadaboogadaboogada! was released in late 1988 on Roadkill Records, a label formed by investor David Best and managed by Ben Weasel following an introduction of the two by producer Mass Giorgini. After what Weasel described as a \"disastrous\" tour, Fish left the group and was replaced by Dan Schafer, originally nicknamed \"Sewercap\" and later renamed Danny Vapid. The new band members recorded an extended play entitled Punkhouse for Limited Potential Records soon after that.", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Though he did not go through with firing Panic, Weasel instead forced Vapid out of the band, replacing him with Green Day's Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\", recorded two months after the \"Beat Off\" sessions. Vapid later stated that when he returned from touring with the Queers, Weasel claimed that he had developed a drinking problem and gave him an ultimatum: stop drinking or be replaced in Screeching Weasel; Vapid chose to quit, and said that when Dirnt was brought in to replace him \"that is when I knew what the 'drinking problem' malarkey was all about.\" \"The official story was that Vapid had voluntarily left,\" said Livermore, \"but when I saw Dan a couple days later, he could barely hold back his tears.\" He also noted that although Weasel complained about Panic and Vapid, he had formed a new band with both of them, the Riverdales, shortly after breaking up Screeching Weasel following the completion of \"How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\": \"Despite Ben's claims that they were 'impossible' to work with, he seemed to have no problems recording \"Beat Off\" with them. There could have been other things going on behind the scenes that I was unaware of, but kicking Vapid out of Screeching Weasel looked to me like a pointless power play.\" The artwork for \"Beat Off\" was created by Lookout! 's Patrick Hynes and Chris Appelgren, with Hynes providing the design of the band's name and album title while Appelgren provided the rest of the artwork and did the layout. The album marked the debut of the \"Queers cat\", a mascot Appelgren created for the band based on old Felix"], "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the members of Screeching Weasel reunited for what was intended as a one-off gig to pay off debts", "answer_start": 159}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1991 to Screeching Weasel?", "answer": {"text": "My Brain Hurts (1991) for Lookout! Records, Weasel decided that he wanted to focus on singing and would no longer be playing guitar in the band.", "answer_start": 689, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he want to leave?", "answer": {"text": "After the break-up, Weasel and Jughead formed a new band called The Gore Gore Girls, and Ben", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_0_q#3", "question": "did it last longer?", "rewrite": "did Screeching Weasel last longer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Instead of hiring new members, vocalist Ben Weasel and guitarist John Jughead decided to break up Screeching Weasel. Weasel and Jughead formed the band the Gore Gore Girls shortly after and made one compilation appearance with the band in 1990. Screeching Weasel briefly reformed in early 1991 to play what was intended to be a one-off reunion show to pay back Russ Forster, who had loaned the band money to record \"Boogadaboogadaboogada!\". After the show, Sewercap talked to Jughead about officially reuniting Screeching Weasel. Jughead liked the idea and the two approached Weasel about it. Although initially reluctant, Weasel agreed on the conditions that the band would begin playing more Ramones-influenced music and would not be called Screeching Weasel, which Sewercap and Jughead accepted. Vermin and guitarist Doug Ward were not interested in the reunion, so the other members hired Dan Sullivan (\"Dan Panic\") as their new drummer and Gore Gore Girls bassist Dave Lally (\"Dave Naked\") as their bassist. Sewercap would be renamed \"Dan Vapid\" and moved to rhythm guitar as Weasel wanted to continue focusing on singing. They decided to perform under the Gore Gore Girls name and began rehearsing for their first album. The title \"My Brain Hurts\"appears as one of the fake album names on Monty Pythons Instant Record Collection LP After recording a demo tape, Weasel sent it to Larry Livermore of Lookout Records to see if he was interested in releasing the band's album. Although Livermore liked the tape, he agreed to sign them only if they went under the name Screeching Weasel, explaining \"it sounds like Screeching Weasel , why don't you just be Screeching Weasel? Why throw away all the publicity and credibility you've already built up?\"", "Sludgeworth was formed in 1989 as a side project from Screeching Weasel for Schafer (vocals) and Vermin (drums). Completing the line-up were Adam White (guitar), Dave McClean (guitar) and Mike Hootenstrat (bass). The band broke up in 1992 shortly after Schafer rejoined Screeching Weasel. The Riverdales were formed in 1994 by three members of Screeching Weasel (Ben Foster, Dan Schafer, and Dan Sullivan) when the former band disbanded. Just like with Screeching Weasel, Schafer played bass for the Riverdales but this time also shared lead vocals with Foster. They released their self-titled debut album in 1995 and their second album \"Storm the Streets\" in 1997 before the band broke up after Screeching Weasel reformed. They reformed in 2003 to release their third (and supposedly final) album. They once again reformed in 2008 and released albums in 2009 and 2010. The band has been inactive since March 23, 2011 when all of the members quit on Ben Weasel under bad circumstances at a Screeching Weasel show. Schafer played guitar for The Queers in 1994 and 2002. He is present on The Queer's third studio album \"Beat Off\" (1994), \"Suck This\" (1995) and the \"Surf Goddess\" EP (1994). The Mopes were a side-project for Schafer (vocals, guitar) and B-Face (bass). The line-up was completed with John Jughead (guitar) and Dan Lumley (drums). The band existed from 1996 through 1998. The Methadones were a side project that Schafer began in 1993 but sat on the back-burner for a number of years.", "Screeching Weasel drummer Dan Panic then joined the Queers, along with his bandmate Dan Vapid joining as a second guitarist, for the band's fourth studio album, \"Beat Off\" (1994), and the live album \" Suck This\" (1995). \"Beat Off\" had been recorded in Chicago in April 1994, engineered by Mass Giorgini and produced by Screeching Weasel frontman Ben Weasel. Lookout! Records head Larry Livermore was present for the sessions, and was displeased with Weasel's insistence on a no-frills punk rock sound for the album, including eschewing the guitar and vocal overdubs that Livermore felt were \"fundamental to [the Queers'] Beach Boys-meet-the-Ramones style. \" Weasel also removed Vapid's tracks from the album's final mix without the guitarist's knowledge, causing Vapid not to receive any royalty payments. Before leaving Chicago, Livermore and King made plans for another recording session later that summer with Giorgini at his Sonic Iguana Studios in Lafayette, Indiana, to work on songs with fuller arrangements. Vapid was forced out of Screeching Weasel shortly after the \"Beat Off\" sessions, replaced by Green Day bassist Mike Dirnt for Screeching Weasel's subsequent album \" How to Make Enemies and Irritate People\" (1994), recorded two months later. Screeching Weasel broke up after recording the album, and Vapid joined Weasel and Panic in their new band, the Riverdales. By the time of the \"Surf Goddess\" sessions, O'Neill had rejoined the Queers on drums. Vapid played on the sessions as a guest guitarist. The recording was produced by Livermore and engineered by Giorgini.", "Ben Weasel Benjamin Foster (born 1968), also known as Ben Weasel, is a songwriter, singer, and guitarist. He is best known as the lead singer and guitarist of the punk rock band Screeching Weasel. Foster was born in 1968, and was raised in Prospect Heights, Illinois. He attended River Trails Middle School in Mount Prospect, Illinois where he first met future Screeching Weasel co-founder John Pierson. Weasel was expelled from John Hersey High School and St. Viator High School. He was eventually sent to the \u00c9lan School in Poland, Maine for his behavior issues. When Foster returned to Illinois from the \u00c9lan School, he got a job at a local movie theater, and formed the band Screeching Weasel with co-worker and former junior high classmate John Pierson, aka Jughead. Screeching Weasel has released 13 studio albums: Screeching Weasel (1987), Boogadaboogadaboogada! (1988), My Brain Hurts (1991), Ramones (1992), Wiggle (1993), Anthem for a New Tomorrow (1993), How to Make Enemies and Irritate People (1994), Bark Like a Dog (1996), Television City Dream (1998), Emo (1999), Teen Punks In Heat (2000), and First World Manifesto (2011) On May 26, 2015, Screeching Weasel a released a rock opera entitled \"Baby Fat: Act 1\" on Recess Records. After an initial break-up in 1989, Screeching Weasel reformed in 1991 and broke up for a second time in 1994. Following the second breakup, Foster formed a new band, The Riverdales, with Screeching Weasel members Dan Vapid, and Dan Panic.", "Screeching Weasel (album) Screeching Weasel is the self-titled debut studio album by the Chicago-based punk rock band Screeching Weasel. It was originally released on vinyl with a limited pressing of 1,000 copies in September 1987 through local independent label Underdog Records and was the band's only album with bassist Vinnie Bovine, who was fired the next year. \"Screeching Weasel\" documents the group's early years as a hardcore punk band, with the music being heavily influenced by bands such as Adrenalin O.D., Angry Samoans, Circle Jerks and Black Flag. The album gained the band a minor local following and its initial pressing sold out quickly. However, Underdog decided not to repress the album to save money for a release by label owner Russ Forster's own band Spongetunnel. With no other label interested in repressing it, \"Screeching Weasel\" went out of print for the next decade until VML Records re-released the album on CD in 1997. The CD version was remastered by Mass Giorgini and featured a full-color version of the album art as well as several previously unreleased bonus tracks. The band was formed as All-Night Garage Sale by Ben Foster (later taking the stage name \"Ben Weasel\") and John Pierson (\"John Jughead\") in Prospect Heights, Illinois in 1986, changing their name to Screeching Weasel shortly after. Weasel took singing/bass duties, Jughead became the guitarist and Steve Dubick (\"Steve Cheese\") was hired as the drummer. However, Weasel would find it too difficult to sing and play bass simultaneously, so the group hired Vince Vogel (rechristened \"Vinnie Bovine\") as their bassist in November."], "answer": {"text": "All of the band's members agreed to reform, with the exceptions of Brian Vermin and Douglas Ward.", "answer_start": 480}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1991 to Screeching Weasel?", "answer": {"text": "My Brain Hurts (1991) for Lookout! Records, Weasel decided that he wanted to focus on singing and would no longer be playing guitar in the band.", "answer_start": 689, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he want to leave?", "answer": {"text": "After the break-up, Weasel and Jughead formed a new band called The Gore Gore Girls, and Ben", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Then what happened?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the members of Screeching Weasel reunited for what was intended as a one-off gig to pay off debts", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23797371e15340c689c77a3ec780686a_0_q#4", "question": "Why did they not?", "rewrite": "Why did not all the band members not all reform?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Confident that the Tribe could maintain exercising their hunting, fishing and gathering rights in the area ceded to the United States in 1837, the St. Croix Band did not agree to relocating to a reservation. In 1854, the St. Croix Band were omitted from the Treaty of La Pointe and lost their federal recognition. No longer with recognized status, the St. Croix Band was prohibited from exercising its hunting rights that had been protected under the Treaty of St. Peters. The US government urged the St. Croix Band members of Wisconsin to relocate to the Lac Courte Oreilles Indian Reservation so that they could received annuity payments. Although many did relocate, just as many remained in the St. Croix valley. When the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation was established in 1855, the remaining St. Croix Band members in Minnesota were urged to relocate there; again, some did, but others stayed outside the reservation. With tensions rising between the lumbermen and the St. Croix Band, the US removed several St. Croix Band villages to the Gull Lake Reservation near Brainerd, Minnesota. The Rice River Band of the St. Croix Band was absorbed by the Rice Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa. Due to repeated broken promises by the United States, the Eastern Dakota peoples expressed their anger at the government. Failing to get an adequate response from their assigned Indian Agent, in 1862 the Dakota peoples declared war against the United States in what is now referred as the \"Dakota War of 1862,\" which occurred during the American Civil War. Many Ojibwe bands, including the St. Croix Band members relocated onto the Gull Lake Reservation and the St. Croix Band members living with the Rice Lake Band members awaiting for the establishment of an Indian Reservation, joined the Dakota people to support their efforts. The Dakota were defeated by the United States, who punished them and their allies.", "Jamieson Cox of \"The Verge\" praised Kaytranada's performance in the song writing. \"It's tough to discern Kay's presence on this one, and that's a compliment \u2014 he seamlessly slots into the band's spacey, roiling jazz-funk.\" BBNG released their official music video for \"Lavender\" via YouTube November 16, 2016. The video was directed by Fantavious Fritz and features BBNG band members playing a realistic game of Dungeons & Dragons. The video begins with the BBNG band members looking at an advertisement on a telephone pole for a game of Dungeons & Dragons. When they get to the address on the flyer, the owner of the house locks them in his garage and forces them to play a game of D&D. While playing the game, Kaytranada appears as a holographic game piece to help the band members in their quest. During the game, the Dungeon Master who locked the band members in his garage walks outside to answer a phone call. While he is outside, one of the band members slips poison into the Dungeon Master's drink. When the DM returns, he takes a drink from his cup and hands the band members a gun, trying to force them to play a game of Russian roulette. Before the game of Russian Roulette can start, the DM dies from the poison. The music video ends with an advertisement for a Dungeon Master named John Dempsey located in the Greater Toronto Area. The video was one of the top ten finalists for the 2017 Prism Prize. Snoop Dogg released a remix of \"Lavender\" titled \"Lavender (Nightfall Remix)\" with a music video on March 12, 2017. The beginning of the video shows a clown family and follows the father (played by Michael Rapaport), who smokes weed while stressed.", "The Original Pinettes Brass Band The Original Pinettes Brass Band are a New Orleans brass band. Consisting entirely of women, they are the city's only all-female brass band. The band was founded in 1991 at St. Mary's Academy (New Orleans), a Catholic girls' school. Taking direction from band director Jeffery C. Herbert, they began playing New Orleans-style jazz. At the school's spring concert in 1992, the band played the song \"Freedom\" by the Rebirth Brass Band and the crowd response led the musicians more toward contemporary brass band music rather than traditional New Orleans jazz. He dubbed the band the Pinettes Brass Band, a feminization of the name of his own band, the Original Pinstripe Brass Band. For the 1993-94 school year, Herbert left St. Mary's to direct the band at John McDonogh High School, but he continued to manage the Pinettes, even after they graduated from St. Mary's. In 1998, he left New Orleans to become assistant band director at Southern University in Baton Rouge, at which point management was turned over to the band members. During this period, the Pinettes played in second line (parades) and released a cassette tape, which garnered them little success outside New Orleans. The Pinettes have had a much turnover in membership over the years. When Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans on August 29, 2005, band members were forced to relocate. When they began to return to the city, bandleader Christie Jourdain took leadership of the band and made an effort to recruit new band members because some members were unable or unwilling to come back to New Orleans. After a dispute with some of the former band members, they changed their name to \"The Original Pinettes Brass Band.\"", "After their performance experience with Rose-Hulman's Rose Pep Band at the NCAA Women's Basketball Championship in 2002, the two bands have established a performance relationship where they play as a single ensemble whenever the two schools' teams clash. The combined group performs both schools' fight songs. Although Rose-Hulman left DePauw's athletic conference in 2005, Rose Pep Band members still perform with Tiger Pep Band at the SCAC Basketball Tournament and at other events. The band has also performed cooperatively with the University of Wisconsin\u2013Whitewater Warhawk Pep Band and the University Schools Band of the Indiana Academy for Science, Mathematics, and Humanites and Burris Laboratory School from the campus of Ball State University, as well as with members of the bands from Rhodes College and Centre College. In 2001, the TPB sought a cooperative performance of the national anthem with the rival band from Wabash College at the annual Battle for the Monon Bell football matchup. Wabash College finally agreed to perform the national anthem in 2009 and the two schools continue to do so. Early in the ensemble's life, band members would compose lengthy verses, which usually rhymed and contained words chosen to be awkward to pronounce. These were distributed to the band members who would cheer them on the way to the stadium and at other times during the game, frequently to the confusion of spectators who could not make out all the words. Often these cheers, known to band members as \"Spam,\" were often customized to poke fun at specific opponents. Since the Tiger Pep Band is a student organization, its members receive no formal recognition from DePauw University.", "The first part is around two hours long and covers the early period to their breakup, the second part is about one hour long and covers the subsequent periods. The documentary combined archive footage of the band with interviews with all the members of the band, as well as other people involved in the band history or who knew them, such as Kenny Rogers, Bob Seger, Linda Ronstadt, Jackson Browne, J. D. Souther, David Geffen, and Stevie Nicks. In the DVD release, a further third disc with songs from the band's concert at the Capital Centre in March 1977 is included. Part one of the documentary traced the beginning of the band to the breakup in 1980. It chronicles the early life of band members and the founding of the band, the making of their albums and their rise to success, the subsequent conflicts between band members, concluding with the break up of the band. Part two of the documentary begins with the period following the breakup, with brief accounts of the careers of individual members of the band and by the reunion of the band in 1994, followed by the 1990s and 21st century phases of the Eagles. The documentary shows that Frey was resistant to the idea of a reunion until they joined Travis Tritt for the making of the video of his cover of \"Take It Easy\". It documents their successful tours, the dispute with Don Felder and the period after his dismissal. It concludes with the band members looking back assessing their actions and career, with contributions from other people who knew them. Don Felder, who participated in the documentary, claimed that \"History of the Eagles\" was incomplete, that it glorified Don Henley and Glenn Frey's work and did not give enough credit to all the other people who had contributed to the group, as well as glossing over disputes between band members."], "answer": {"text": "The band was then asked to record a cover of an entire Ramones album, Ramones (1992),", "answer_start": 91}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1991 to Screeching Weasel?", "answer": {"text": "My Brain Hurts (1991) for Lookout! Records, Weasel decided that he wanted to focus on singing and would no longer be playing guitar in the band.", "answer_start": 689, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he want to leave?", "answer": {"text": "After the break-up, Weasel and Jughead formed a new band called The Gore Gore Girls, and Ben", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Then what happened?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, the members of Screeching Weasel reunited for what was intended as a one-off gig to pay off debts", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it last longer?", "answer": {"text": "All of the band's members agreed to reform, with the exceptions of Brian Vermin and Douglas Ward.", "answer_start": 480, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9c173b2573a2425c9e8e59389da01002_0_q#0", "question": "when did Yuvraj Singh play in the IPL?", "rewrite": "when did Yuvraj Singh play in the IPL?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Three associate capped players including Ryan ten Doeschate were kept under the uncapped section. Seventeen players (6 capped foreigners and 10 uncapped Indians) including names like Kemar Roach and Rikki Clarke who were not in the initial player lists were also added to the final auction list. After withdrawal of three capped players, the list was further shortened to 511 players (216 capped and 295 uncapped). 154 players (104 Indians and 50 Overseas) were sold at auction. Yuvraj Singh fetched the highest bid of . Kevin Pietersen was the most costly foreign player. Among uncapped players Karan Sharma was most expensive at . Many prominent Indian players such as Praveen Kumar, Subramaniam Badrinath, Abhimanyu Mithun and R. P. Singh remain unsold. Almost all current Sri Lankan and English cricketers including the names of Mahela Jayawardene, Tillakaratne Dilshan, Ian Bell and Alex Hales remain unsold. The players were auctioned in sets. Sets 1 and 2 consisted of marquee players such as Virender Sehwag, Yuvraj Singh, Jacques Kallis and Kevin Pietersen. Other players, capped (sets 3\u201324) and uncapped (sets 25\u201353) were categorized according to their specialisation: Source: Pepsi IPL 2014 Player Auction The following players remained unsold at the end of the two-day auction. Source: Pepsi IPL 2014 Player Auction The following players were in the final auction but list withdrew from the tournament before the auction. List of players who were part of auction list on 30 January 2014 but were not shortlisted for the auction. The list consisted of 31 overseas players with 3 having previously played in IPL. 12 domestic Indian players who had previously played IPL also failed to get shortlisted.", "YouWeCan YouWeCan is a foundation established by Indian cricketer Yuvraj Singh with his mother Shabnam Singh meant to fight Cancer by spreading awareness about the fatal disease. Yuvraj Singh himself was diagnosed with Cancer and defeated the disease after a long treatment in the United States of America. In September 2012 YouWeCan' app initially for the Windows Phone was launched by Microsoft. When a user buys the app, he contributes one part of the price as a donation to the foundation. In September 2012, a Television show \"Zindagi Abhi Baaki Hai\", inspired by Yuvraj's story of fighting cancer has been announced which will be made in a collaboration between Colors and YouWeCan. In April 2015 Yuvraj Singh announced the intention to invest INR 40-50 crores in online startups, expanding the YouWeCan proposition by setting up YouWeCan Ventures in order to do so. Initial investments have been made in Vyomo, Moovo, Healthians, EduKart, JetSetGo and most recently Cartisan. Mahindra.tiwari", "Sahara withdrew Pune Warriors India from the IPL along with the sponsorship of the Indian cricket team just hours before the 2012 IPL auction was about to start, providing a major blow to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the IPL, which was already reeling after the disbanding of Kochi Tuskers Kerala in late 2011. They also boycotted the auction held on 4 February 2012. The main reason for the withdrawal was due to a problem in the amount of franchise fee to be paid by the Pune team. Sahara insisted that it had bid a huge amount for the Pune franchise under the notion that there would be 94 matches in the 2011 IPL season. As the BCCI later reduced the number of IPL matches to 74, Sahara demanded for a reduction in the amount of franchise fee to be paid by them to maintain viable IPL proposition. Other reasons included disputes between Sahara and the BCCI regarding the IPL rules, such as player retention and the 4-foreign player rule and also the refusal on the part of the BCCI to allow Pune to add Yuvraj Singh's price to their auction purse so that they could buy another player as a replacement for Yuvraj. Yuvraj was set to miss the whole 2012 season as he was undergoing treatment for germ cell cancer. On 6 February 2012, Subrata Roy, the chairman of Sahara India Pariwar, said that Sourav Ganguly will take a call on reconciliation. A week later, the BCCI announced that they have allowed Yuvraj Singh's replacement for Pune Warriors India for the 2012 season, though a deadlock still persisted between the two parties on long-term sponsorship. On 16 February 2012, the BCCI and Sahara ended their differences and announced that Pune Warriors India will play in IPL 5.", "However, in the second Test, the Indian batsmen failed in a losing effort, apart from a century from Yuvraj Singh, who played in place of the injured captain Sourav Ganguly. When Ganguly returned for the final Test, Chopra was axed and Yuvraj was retained. Chopra was reintroduced as Sehwag's partner in the 2004 Border-Gavaskar Trophy after Tendulkar was injured for the First Test in Bangalore. However, a heavy loss saw Chopra axed for the following match in Chennai upon Tendulkar's return, with Yuvraj elevated to opening the innings. Yuvraj also struggled, and Chopra was recalled for the Third Test in Nagpur. However, a double failure by Chopra, as Australia won a series in India for the first time in 35 years, saw him dropped for the last time, after his career average gradually decreased, however, from 46.25 to only 23. Chopra was replaced by Delhi teammate Gautam Gambhir, and was overtaken by Gambhir and Wasim Jaffer in the race to partner Sehwag in the Test side. Due to his low scoring rate, he was not considered for One Day Internationals. He played for Kolkata Knight Riders in IPL 1, IPL 2, but was sent back to India as he was deemed unfit for T-20 matches played in IPL 2. In IPL 4 he had been signed by Rajasthan Royals. In September 2008, Aakash played for Delhi in the Nissar Trophy against SNGPL (winners of Quaid-i-Azam Trophy from Pakistan) and scored 4 and 197 for Delhi. The match was drawn but SNGPL won the trophy on first-innings lead. After representing Delhi for a long time, Chopra joined Rajasthan as a guest player in Ranji Plate division.", "Yuvraj was the icon player and captain for Indian Premier League (IPL) team Kings XI Punjab in the first two seasons; in 2010, the third season, icon player status was discontinued and the captaincy given to Kumar Sangakkara. They came second in the round-robin phase of the tournament, but lost their semi-final to the Chennai Super Kings. On 1 May 2009, Yuvraj registered his first hat-trick in T20 cricket against Royal Challengers Bangalore at Kingsmead in Durban, the same ground where he hit his six sixes. He dismissed Robin Uthappa, Mark Boucher and Jacques Kallis. On 17 May 2009, Yuvraj took his second Twenty20 hat-trick against Deccan Chargers at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg. Yuvraj dismissed Herschelle Gibbs, Andrew Symonds and Venugopal Rao. The Pune Warriors were a new team introduced for the 2011 IPL. Yuvraj Singh was bought by the team and chosen as captain. Pune Warriors finished ninth, ahead of only the Delhi Daredevils. From 14 matches, Yuvraj scored 343 runs at an average of 34.30, including two half-centuries. After much controversy BCCI had allowed Pune Warriors to have his replacement for 2012 Indian Premier League, citing his medical condition and nonavailability for 2012 IPL due to the same. In 2014, Yuvraj was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore for 14 crore. Kingfisher employee union sent a letter to Yuvraj requesting him not to play for Royal Challengers Bangalore. In 2015, he was bought by Delhi Daredevils for a mammoth Rs. 16 Crores  In the 2016 IPL auction he was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad for Rs. 7 crores."], "answer": {"text": "In 2016, he had a very successful IPL campaign", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9c173b2573a2425c9e8e59389da01002_0_q#1", "question": "How was hs career in the IPL?", "rewrite": "How was Yuvrah Singh's career in the IPL?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sahara withdrew Pune Warriors India from the IPL along with the sponsorship of the Indian cricket team just hours before the 2012 IPL auction was about to start, providing a major blow to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the IPL, which was already reeling after the disbanding of Kochi Tuskers Kerala in late 2011. They also boycotted the auction held on 4 February 2012. The main reason for the withdrawal was due to a problem in the amount of franchise fee to be paid by the Pune team. Sahara insisted that it had bid a huge amount for the Pune franchise under the notion that there would be 94 matches in the 2011 IPL season. As the BCCI later reduced the number of IPL matches to 74, Sahara demanded for a reduction in the amount of franchise fee to be paid by them to maintain viable IPL proposition. Other reasons included disputes between Sahara and the BCCI regarding the IPL rules, such as player retention and the 4-foreign player rule and also the refusal on the part of the BCCI to allow Pune to add Yuvraj Singh's price to their auction purse so that they could buy another player as a replacement for Yuvraj. Yuvraj was set to miss the whole 2012 season as he was undergoing treatment for germ cell cancer. On 6 February 2012, Subrata Roy, the chairman of Sahara India Pariwar, said that Sourav Ganguly will take a call on reconciliation. A week later, the BCCI announced that they have allowed Yuvraj Singh's replacement for Pune Warriors India for the 2012 season, though a deadlock still persisted between the two parties on long-term sponsorship. On 16 February 2012, the BCCI and Sahara ended their differences and announced that Pune Warriors India will play in IPL 5.", "Chennai Super Kings The Chennai Super Kings (CSK) are an Indian franchise cricket team based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, which plays in the Indian Premier League (IPL). Founded in 2008, the team plays its home matches at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai. After serving a two-year suspension from the IPL starting July 2015 for the alleged involvement of their owners in the 2013 IPL betting case (along with Rajasthan Royals), the Super Kings returned to the league in 2018, winning the championship in the comeback season, its third overall to tie Mumbai Indians for the record for most IPL title wins. The team is captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni who has led the team to three victories since 2008 and coached by Stephen Fleming. The Super Kings have lifted the IPL title thrice (in 2010, 2011 and 2018), and have the best win percentage among all teams in the IPL (61.28). They hold the records of most appearances in the IPL playoffs (ten) and have made it to the playoffs in each season they have featured in the league, being the only team to do so. They also have made into a record eight finals out of ten seasons making them one of the most successful franchises in the IPL. In addition, they have also won the Champions League Twenty20 in 2010 and 2014. The brand value of the Super Kings in 2018 was estimated at $65 million, making them one of the most valuable franchises in the IPL. In September 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the establishment of the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition to be started in 2008. In January 2008, the BCCI unveiled the owners of eight city-based franchises.", "2015 Indian Premier League The 2015 season of the Indian Premier League, abbreviated as IPL 8 or Pepsi IPL 2015, was the eighth season of the IPL, a Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament featured eight teams and was held from 8 April 2015 to 24 May 2015. The tournament's opening ceremony was held at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata on 7 April 2015. Kolkata Knight Riders were the defending champions having won the title in the 2014 season. On 24 May 2015, Mumbai Indians defeated Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, to win the IPL title for the second time. Mumbai captain Rohit Sharma was awarded player of the match in the final for his knock of 50 from 26 balls. Andre Russell of the Kolkata Knight Riders was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the season. The eight franchises retained a total of 123 players for the 2015 IPL season before moving into the auction. The released players were provided an option to register themselves for auction. Six players were traded across teams before the auction took place. At the 2015 IPL auction held on 16 February at Bangalore, Yuvraj Singh was sold to Delhi Daredevils for 16 crore, a record bid in IPL auction history. A total of 67 players were sold out in the auction and the franchises spent a total of 87.60 crore to buy the players. The 2015 IPL season saw 26 match officials, 13 Indian umpires and four match referees officiating. 26 match officials (umpires and referees) participated in a two-day workshop, organised by the BCCI, in preparation for the 2015 IPL season. The workshop was held at the Cricket Centre, Mumbai, on 4 and 5 April 2015, from 9am to 5pm. 12 venues were selected to host the league stage matches.", "In the Vivo IPL 2016 Auction they bought Tim Southee, Nathu Singh, Jos Buttler, Jitesh Sharma, KP Kamath, Krunal Pandya and Deepak Punia. They finished the season in the fifth spot in the points table. In IPL 2017, the Mumbai Indians finished at the top of the points table, winning 10 out of 14 matches. They went on to win the trophy after beating Rising Pune Supergiant in a nail-biting finish which is often hailed as the best IPL match and IPL final till date. This was their 3rd IPL title and with it they became the most successful team in the history of IPL. In IPL 2018, the Mumbai Indians Finished at Fifth Spot After Winning 6 and Losing 8 Matches. In the finale of VIVO Indian Premier League (IPL 2019), Mumbai Indians defeated Chennai Super Kings by 1 run to lift the IPL trophy for the record fourth time. Mumbai Indians become only team to have most IPL trophy, and the most successful team ever. In the year Mumbai Indians and Chennai Super Kings played in the final of VIVO IPL 2019 where Mumbai defeated Chennai by 1 run in the final to become champions for record 4th time. The final of 2019 had a thriller end which saw Chennai Super Kings needing 2 runs of the last delivery where Mumbai Indians bowler Lasith Malinga took wicket on last delivery and won match for Mumbai Indians. Hardik Pandya and Kieron Pollard won 'Harrier Super Striker of the Match' title for 2 and 3 times respectively. Hardik Pandya scored 91 runs of just 34 ball against Kolkata Knight Riders and made the fastest 50 of just 17 balls in that match. Alzzari Joseph recorded the best bowling figures 6/12 in IPL history in the match against Sunrisers Hyderabad which was also his IPL debut.", "Having fitted a Connaught Competition Engines 2.3 litre Ford SOHC engine he won his first ever Championship round in Muine Bheag and again the following week in Clare at the Scalp Hillclimb. He finished 3rd overall in the National Championship. Paul O'Connell debuted a much changed Delta Single seater with a Connaught Competition Engines 2.3 litre Warrior engine fitted to the Delta. Sporting some ex-Williams F1 front and rear wings and using wider magnesium wheels this transformed the Delta into a competitive car to challenge for the National title against drivers such as Frank Burns, Simon McKinley and Sylvie Mullins. Following a good start to the year in which he won or was second in the first eight rounds, he suffered an engine failure in Carlow. He borrowed an older tired 2 litre engine from John Naylor and won the championship for the first time, ahead of Frank Burns and Simon McKinley, despite not winning any more rounds. Driving his \"Delta Warrior\", he won the Irish Championship again in 2008. He dominated events during the first half of the season but later, a series of electrical problems led to restricted running and he did not finish in Tipperary. His car suffered a rear suspension failure on the first day of the MEC but, following some hasty repair work, he won in Donegal on the Knockalla Hillclimb ahead of Simon McKinley and Seamus Morris. 2009 saw a tussle all year between Paul O'Connell and Simon McKinley. Still driving the old Delta, Paul O'Connell put up a stiff fight to McKinley who chose between the Lant Rt1, the Warrior Escort a Radical sr3 and even a Lola f3000 Judd during the year. Again a good start to the season put O'Connell in the lead winning in Wexford and scoring maximum points in Galway."], "answer": {"text": "Yuvraj was the icon player and captain for Indian Premier League (IPL) team Kings XI Punjab in the first two seasons;", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Yuvraj Singh play in the IPL?", "answer": {"text": "In 2016, he had a very successful IPL campaign", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9c173b2573a2425c9e8e59389da01002_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Yuvrah Singh's career in the IPL?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sahara withdrew Pune Warriors India from the IPL along with the sponsorship of the Indian cricket team just hours before the 2012 IPL auction was about to start, providing a major blow to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the IPL, which was already reeling after the disbanding of Kochi Tuskers Kerala in late 2011. They also boycotted the auction held on 4 February 2012. The main reason for the withdrawal was due to a problem in the amount of franchise fee to be paid by the Pune team. Sahara insisted that it had bid a huge amount for the Pune franchise under the notion that there would be 94 matches in the 2011 IPL season. As the BCCI later reduced the number of IPL matches to 74, Sahara demanded for a reduction in the amount of franchise fee to be paid by them to maintain viable IPL proposition. Other reasons included disputes between Sahara and the BCCI regarding the IPL rules, such as player retention and the 4-foreign player rule and also the refusal on the part of the BCCI to allow Pune to add Yuvraj Singh's price to their auction purse so that they could buy another player as a replacement for Yuvraj. Yuvraj was set to miss the whole 2012 season as he was undergoing treatment for germ cell cancer. On 6 February 2012, Subrata Roy, the chairman of Sahara India Pariwar, said that Sourav Ganguly will take a call on reconciliation. A week later, the BCCI announced that they have allowed Yuvraj Singh's replacement for Pune Warriors India for the 2012 season, though a deadlock still persisted between the two parties on long-term sponsorship. On 16 February 2012, the BCCI and Sahara ended their differences and announced that Pune Warriors India will play in IPL 5.", "Chennai Super Kings The Chennai Super Kings (CSK) are an Indian franchise cricket team based in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, which plays in the Indian Premier League (IPL). Founded in 2008, the team plays its home matches at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai. After serving a two-year suspension from the IPL starting July 2015 for the alleged involvement of their owners in the 2013 IPL betting case (along with Rajasthan Royals), the Super Kings returned to the league in 2018, winning the championship in the comeback season, its third overall to tie Mumbai Indians for the record for most IPL title wins. The team is captained by Mahendra Singh Dhoni who has led the team to three victories since 2008 and coached by Stephen Fleming. The Super Kings have lifted the IPL title thrice (in 2010, 2011 and 2018), and have the best win percentage among all teams in the IPL (61.28). They hold the records of most appearances in the IPL playoffs (ten) and have made it to the playoffs in each season they have featured in the league, being the only team to do so. They also have made into a record eight finals out of ten seasons making them one of the most successful franchises in the IPL. In addition, they have also won the Champions League Twenty20 in 2010 and 2014. The brand value of the Super Kings in 2018 was estimated at $65 million, making them one of the most valuable franchises in the IPL. In September 2007, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the establishment of the Indian Premier League, a Twenty20 competition to be started in 2008. In January 2008, the BCCI unveiled the owners of eight city-based franchises.", "2015 Indian Premier League The 2015 season of the Indian Premier League, abbreviated as IPL 8 or Pepsi IPL 2015, was the eighth season of the IPL, a Twenty20 cricket league established by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. The tournament featured eight teams and was held from 8 April 2015 to 24 May 2015. The tournament's opening ceremony was held at the Salt Lake Stadium in Kolkata on 7 April 2015. Kolkata Knight Riders were the defending champions having won the title in the 2014 season. On 24 May 2015, Mumbai Indians defeated Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, to win the IPL title for the second time. Mumbai captain Rohit Sharma was awarded player of the match in the final for his knock of 50 from 26 balls. Andre Russell of the Kolkata Knight Riders was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the season. The eight franchises retained a total of 123 players for the 2015 IPL season before moving into the auction. The released players were provided an option to register themselves for auction. Six players were traded across teams before the auction took place. At the 2015 IPL auction held on 16 February at Bangalore, Yuvraj Singh was sold to Delhi Daredevils for 16 crore, a record bid in IPL auction history. A total of 67 players were sold out in the auction and the franchises spent a total of 87.60 crore to buy the players. The 2015 IPL season saw 26 match officials, 13 Indian umpires and four match referees officiating. 26 match officials (umpires and referees) participated in a two-day workshop, organised by the BCCI, in preparation for the 2015 IPL season. The workshop was held at the Cricket Centre, Mumbai, on 4 and 5 April 2015, from 9am to 5pm. 12 venues were selected to host the league stage matches.", "Having fitted a Connaught Competition Engines 2.3 litre Ford SOHC engine he won his first ever Championship round in Muine Bheag and again the following week in Clare at the Scalp Hillclimb. He finished 3rd overall in the National Championship. Paul O'Connell debuted a much changed Delta Single seater with a Connaught Competition Engines 2.3 litre Warrior engine fitted to the Delta. Sporting some ex-Williams F1 front and rear wings and using wider magnesium wheels this transformed the Delta into a competitive car to challenge for the National title against drivers such as Frank Burns, Simon McKinley and Sylvie Mullins. Following a good start to the year in which he won or was second in the first eight rounds, he suffered an engine failure in Carlow. He borrowed an older tired 2 litre engine from John Naylor and won the championship for the first time, ahead of Frank Burns and Simon McKinley, despite not winning any more rounds. Driving his \"Delta Warrior\", he won the Irish Championship again in 2008. He dominated events during the first half of the season but later, a series of electrical problems led to restricted running and he did not finish in Tipperary. His car suffered a rear suspension failure on the first day of the MEC but, following some hasty repair work, he won in Donegal on the Knockalla Hillclimb ahead of Simon McKinley and Seamus Morris. 2009 saw a tussle all year between Paul O'Connell and Simon McKinley. Still driving the old Delta, Paul O'Connell put up a stiff fight to McKinley who chose between the Lant Rt1, the Warrior Escort a Radical sr3 and even a Lola f3000 Judd during the year. Again a good start to the season put O'Connell in the lead winning in Wexford and scoring maximum points in Galway.", "In the Vivo IPL 2016 Auction they bought Tim Southee, Nathu Singh, Jos Buttler, Jitesh Sharma, KP Kamath, Krunal Pandya and Deepak Punia. They finished the season in the fifth spot in the points table. In IPL 2017, the Mumbai Indians finished at the top of the points table, winning 10 out of 14 matches. They went on to win the trophy after beating Rising Pune Supergiant in a nail-biting finish which is often hailed as the best IPL match and IPL final till date. This was their 3rd IPL title and with it they became the most successful team in the history of IPL. In IPL 2018, the Mumbai Indians Finished at Fifth Spot After Winning 6 and Losing 8 Matches. In the finale of VIVO Indian Premier League (IPL 2019), Mumbai Indians defeated Chennai Super Kings by 1 run to lift the IPL trophy for the record fourth time. Mumbai Indians become only team to have most IPL trophy, and the most successful team ever. In the year Mumbai Indians and Chennai Super Kings played in the final of VIVO IPL 2019 where Mumbai defeated Chennai by 1 run in the final to become champions for record 4th time. The final of 2019 had a thriller end which saw Chennai Super Kings needing 2 runs of the last delivery where Mumbai Indians bowler Lasith Malinga took wicket on last delivery and won match for Mumbai Indians. Hardik Pandya and Kieron Pollard won 'Harrier Super Striker of the Match' title for 2 and 3 times respectively. Hardik Pandya scored 91 runs of just 34 ball against Kolkata Knight Riders and made the fastest 50 of just 17 balls in that match. Alzzari Joseph recorded the best bowling figures 6/12 in IPL history in the match against Sunrisers Hyderabad which was also his IPL debut."], "answer": {"text": "Kingfisher employee union sent a letter to Yuvraj requesting him not to play for Royal Challengers Bangalore.", "answer_start": 1314}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Yuvraj Singh play in the IPL?", "answer": {"text": "In 2016, he had a very successful IPL campaign", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How was hs career in the IPL?", "answer": {"text": "Yuvraj was the icon player and captain for Indian Premier League (IPL) team Kings XI Punjab in the first two seasons;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9c173b2573a2425c9e8e59389da01002_0_q#3", "question": "Did he listen to that request?", "rewrite": "Did Yuvraj Singh listen to the request for him not to play for Royal Challengers Bangalore?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2008 The Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) is a franchise cricket team based in Bangalore, India, which plays in the Indian Premier League (IPL). They were one of the eight teams that competed in the 2008 Indian Premier League. They were captained by Rahul Dravid. Royal Challengers Bangalore finished seventh in the IPL and did not qualifyfor the champions league T20. Royal Challengers Bangalore finished seventh in the league stage of IPL 2008.", "Royal Challengers Bangalore in 2015 The Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) is a franchise cricket team based in Bangalore, India, which plays in the Indian Premier League (IPL). They were one of the eight teams that competed in the 2015 Indian Premier League. They were captained by Virat Kohli. Royal Challengers Bangalore finished third in the IPL. Royal Challengers Bangalore finished third in the league stage of IPL 2015.", "Yuvraj was the icon player and captain for Indian Premier League (IPL) team Kings XI Punjab in the first two seasons; in 2010, the third season, icon player status was discontinued and the captaincy given to Kumar Sangakkara. They came second in the round-robin phase of the tournament, but lost their semi-final to the Chennai Super Kings. On 1 May 2009, Yuvraj registered his first hat-trick in T20 cricket against Royal Challengers Bangalore at Kingsmead in Durban, the same ground where he hit his six sixes. He dismissed Robin Uthappa, Mark Boucher and Jacques Kallis. On 17 May 2009, Yuvraj took his second Twenty20 hat-trick against Deccan Chargers at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg. Yuvraj dismissed Herschelle Gibbs, Andrew Symonds and Venugopal Rao. The Pune Warriors were a new team introduced for the 2011 IPL. Yuvraj Singh was bought by the team and chosen as captain. Pune Warriors finished ninth, ahead of only the Delhi Daredevils. From 14 matches, Yuvraj scored 343 runs at an average of 34.30, including two half-centuries. After much controversy BCCI had allowed Pune Warriors to have his replacement for 2012 Indian Premier League, citing his medical condition and nonavailability for 2012 IPL due to the same. In 2014, Yuvraj was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore for 14 crore. Kingfisher employee union sent a letter to Yuvraj requesting him not to play for Royal Challengers Bangalore. In 2015, he was bought by Delhi Daredevils for a mammoth Rs. 16 Crores  In the 2016 IPL auction he was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad for Rs. 7 crores.", "Pawan Negi Pawan Negi (born 6 January 1993) is an Indian cricketer. He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler. He plays for Delhi in the first-class Ranji Trophy competition, and has also played List A and Twenty20 cricket for the team. He played for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League in 2012 and 2013 and for Chennai Super Kings in 2014 and 2015. He was bought by Delhi Daredevils for 8.50 crores in IPL auction 2016 marking him ahead of stalwart Yuvraj Singh and making him the costliest Indian player of auction. He made his Twenty20 International debut for India cricket team against the United Arab Emirates in the 2016 Asia Cup at Sher-e-Bangla National Stadium on 3 March 2016. He was picked in the Indian squad for ICC T20 World Cup 2016. In February 2017, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore team for the 2017 Indian Premier League for 1 crore. He has the record for the best bowling figures in a Champions League T20 match (5/22). In January 2018, he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore in the 2018 IPL auction. In April 2019, he was asked to bowl the penultimate over of the match against the Mumbai Indians. He came up short when Hardik Pandya clobbered him for 23 runs.", "List of Indian Premier League centuries In cricket, a batsman reaches a century when he scores 100 more runs in a single innings. A century is regarded as a landmark score for a batsman, and his number of centuries is generally recorded in his career statistics. The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional league for Twenty20 cricket in India, which has been held annually since its first edition in 2008. In eleven seasons played so far, 58 centuries have been scored by 35 different batsmen. Players from ten of the thirteen franchises have scored centuries; the only franchises that have not had a player score a century for them are Pune Warriors India, Kochi Tuskers Kerala and Gujarat Lions. Rising Pune Supergiant is the only franchise not in original eight franchises to have a hundred by its player. The first century in the IPL was scored in the first match on 18 April 2008 at M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore by Brendon McCullum for Kolkata Knight Riders against Royal Challengers Bangalore. The highest score in the competition was made by Chris Gayle, who scored 175 runs not out for Royal Challengers Bangalore against Pune Warriors India. The fastest century in terms of strike rate was scored by Chris Gayle, who scored 100 runs in 30 balls while playing for Royal Challengers Bangalore. The slowest century was scored by Manish Pandey while playing for Royal Challengers Bangalore. He scored 100 runs in 67 balls. 23 centuries have come from Indian batsmen. The highest number of centuries have been scored by Chris Gayle with 6 centuries, followed by Virat Kohli who has five centuries. David Warner and Shane Watson have four centuries each."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Yuvraj Singh play in the IPL?", "answer": {"text": "In 2016, he had a very successful IPL campaign", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How was hs career in the IPL?", "answer": {"text": "Yuvraj was the icon player and captain for Indian Premier League (IPL) team Kings XI Punjab in the first two seasons;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kingfisher employee union sent a letter to Yuvraj requesting him not to play for Royal Challengers Bangalore.", "answer_start": 1314, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#0", "question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "rewrite": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Coal (book) Coal is a collection of poetry by Audre Lorde, published in 1976. It was Lorde's first collection to be released by a major publisher. Lorde's poetry in \"Coal\" explored themes related to the several layers of her identity as a \"Black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.\" \"Coal\" consists of five sections. While Audre Lorde presents poems that express each part of her identity, race undoubtedly plays a significant role in \"Coal\". A major theme within the volume is Lorde's angry reaction towards racism. For Lorde, expressing anger was not destructive. Instead, Lorde transforms \"rage at racism into triumphant self-assertion. \" She specifically dedicates the book \"To the People of Sun, That We May All Better Understand.\" In addition, another significant part of the volume explores her existence as a lesbian, friend, and a former lover, specifically in the fourth section that consists of one long poem titled \"Martha\" that outlines the recovery of Lorde's former lover after a car accident. The volume's namesake comes from a poem in the first section titled \"Coal\". It is written in free-verse and first-person. The idea of an identity consisting of several layers is exemplified in this poem. One's true identity is often hidden behind several muddled layers. Lorde alludes toward this concept by her recurrent use of the dual imagery of a piece of coal and a diamond. As the speaker of the poem, Lorde begins by equating herself with a piece of coal. The array of topics and nuances that are explored in Lorde's poems pertain to her own multifaceted-ness, signifying her status as \"a self-styled \"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet. \"", "Scott Maclachlan, an A&R executive of Universal Music Group (UMG), discovered Lorde upon witnessing her performance at her school talent show when she was 12. Maclachlan subsequently signed Lorde to UMG for development and paired her up with Joel Little, a songwriter and record producer. In December 2011, the pair finished their first collaborative effort, a five-track extended play (EP) titled \"The Love Club\". Lorde then self-released the EP for free download via her SoundCloud account in November 2012. Upon completion of \"The Love Club\", Lorde and Little quickly collaborated again, initially planning to release another EP. The pair recorded materials at Little's Golden Age Studios in Morningside and started writing \"Tennis Court\" in January 2013. They also recorded several additional tracks and ultimately decided to work on a full-length studio album instead. Little acted as the song's sole producer, using audio software Pro Tools. Songwriting for \"Tennis Court\" was different from how Lorde usually writes songs; by and large, she would have a lyric forming before going into the studio to record. For this song, Little and Lorde first wrote the music and the beat, and the lyrics were built on the instant instrumental. Speaking to \"Billboard\" in November 2013, Little appreciated Lorde's developed songwriting skills on \"Tennis Court\", for which Lorde wrote the melody and the whole chorus, praising her as \"an amazing songwriter\". On 7 June 2013, Universal Music Group released \"Tennis Court\" for digital download as Lorde's second single following \"Royals\" in Australia and New Zealand, where Lorde's cover of The Replacements' 1985 song \"Swingin Party\" serves as the B-side. On the same day, an EP of the same name was released digitally throughout Europe.", "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand singer Lorde. At the age of 12, she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan, and began writing songs. In December 2011, MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little, and within three weeks, the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP. In November 2012, Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud. On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records. An indie rock-influenced electronica album, \"The Love Club EP\" was well received by music critics, who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira, Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey. The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia, and was certified platinum and nonuple platinum in those two countries respectively. In the US, the record charted at number twenty-three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013. To promote \"The Love Club EP\", Lorde performed during various concerts, and \"Royals\" was released as a single. Lorde was discovered by A&R representative Scott MacLachlan of Universal Music Group (UMG) at the age of 12, when MacLachlan saw footage of Lorde performing at a school talent show in Auckland, New Zealand. At the age of 13, Lorde started writing songs herself. MacLachlan unsuccessfully tried to set up Lorde with several songwriters and producers to help her with production. Ultimately, he paired Lorde with Joel Little in December 2011, when she had just turned 15. Little was impressed by Lorde's vocal performance and songwriting abilities, and he built songs with musical structures based on Lorde's lyrics.", "\"Time\" called it a \"stripped-down\" track, with a haunting piano melody that accompanies the singer's voice, which was labelled as husky. Its lyrics reveal the consequences of Lorde's rise to fame, in the lines, \"The truth is, I am a toy / That people enjoy / Until all of the tricks don't work anymore / And then they are bored of me.\" \"Liability\" received critical acclaim from music critics, with many commending the song's lyrical content, Lorde's vocal delivery, and was called one of the stand out tracks on the record. Jon Blistein of \"Rolling Stone\" described the song as a \"short but poignant song that finds Lorde grappling with fame and how it can change friendships and relationships. \" Blistein also praised Lorde's \"[dexterous] vocal performance\". In a review by \"Billboard\" writer Andrew Unterberger commended its lyrics and Lorde's delivery, calling the song \"an absolute jaw-dropper.\" Unterberger listed seven reasons he felt the song was a \"stunner\" which included its \"six seconds of silence\" at the beginning and Lorde's shift in narrative from her debut record. \"Spin\" editor Anna Gaca praised Lorde for turning the track into a \"poetic meditation on the perils of intimacy\". The publication called the imagery of \"Lorde home alone, slow dancing on her own\" as one of the album's most beautiful. \" Pitchfork\" expressed that the song was a \"powerful counterpart to \"Green Light\" that shows how intensely Lorde peers into herself on her second record.\" The song was released along with the pre-order of \"Melodrama\" on digital download sites.", "Lorde understands the \u201ccosmetic\u201d focus of the Reach for Recovery program as part of a general problem of sexism and racism. She also speaks of the possibilities of alternative medicine, arguing that women should be afforded the space to look at all options, and negotiate treatment and healing on their own terms. \"The Cancer Journals\" touches on themes that were prominent in Lorde's life. In describing her identity as a multitude of labels, black, lesbian, feminist mother and poet, Lorde seeks to intertwine her battle with cancer into her identity. \u201cI have cancer, I am a black feminist poet. How am I going to do this now?\u201d she asks and seeks to answer through her writing. Lorde touches on feminist ideals when she combats the societal notion of what a woman should look like and what her body looks like post mastectomy. Lorde states \u201ca kindly woman\u201d attempted to give her \u201ca soft sleep bra and a wad of lambswool pressed into a pale pink breast-shaped pad\u201d. The message is clear: the absent breast must be made up for somehow, such that Lorde's one-breasted deviation from the ideal female form is never visible. By embracing her one breast, Lorde avoids denial and persists beyond the impending victimization sick women receive. Lorde works to challenge the notion of femininity in cancer survivors. Other prominent works by Audre Lorde include: \"Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches\", a prose work in which Lorde focuses on the importance of communication between marginalized groups in society. In this work, Lorde pushes the idea of uniting these groups by finding common ground in their trials and tribulations. \"\" (1982) is an autobiographical novel in which Lorde delves into discovering her identity and self-awareness."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#1", "question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "rewrite": "What did Lorde do in 2009 ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Coal (book) Coal is a collection of poetry by Audre Lorde, published in 1976. It was Lorde's first collection to be released by a major publisher. Lorde's poetry in \"Coal\" explored themes related to the several layers of her identity as a \"Black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.\" \"Coal\" consists of five sections. While Audre Lorde presents poems that express each part of her identity, race undoubtedly plays a significant role in \"Coal\". A major theme within the volume is Lorde's angry reaction towards racism. For Lorde, expressing anger was not destructive. Instead, Lorde transforms \"rage at racism into triumphant self-assertion. \" She specifically dedicates the book \"To the People of Sun, That We May All Better Understand.\" In addition, another significant part of the volume explores her existence as a lesbian, friend, and a former lover, specifically in the fourth section that consists of one long poem titled \"Martha\" that outlines the recovery of Lorde's former lover after a car accident. The volume's namesake comes from a poem in the first section titled \"Coal\". It is written in free-verse and first-person. The idea of an identity consisting of several layers is exemplified in this poem. One's true identity is often hidden behind several muddled layers. Lorde alludes toward this concept by her recurrent use of the dual imagery of a piece of coal and a diamond. As the speaker of the poem, Lorde begins by equating herself with a piece of coal. The array of topics and nuances that are explored in Lorde's poems pertain to her own multifaceted-ness, signifying her status as \"a self-styled \"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet. \"", "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand singer Lorde. At the age of 12, she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan, and began writing songs. In December 2011, MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little, and within three weeks, the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP. In November 2012, Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud. On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records. An indie rock-influenced electronica album, \"The Love Club EP\" was well received by music critics, who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira, Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey. The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia, and was certified platinum and nonuple platinum in those two countries respectively. In the US, the record charted at number twenty-three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013. To promote \"The Love Club EP\", Lorde performed during various concerts, and \"Royals\" was released as a single. Lorde was discovered by A&R representative Scott MacLachlan of Universal Music Group (UMG) at the age of 12, when MacLachlan saw footage of Lorde performing at a school talent show in Auckland, New Zealand. At the age of 13, Lorde started writing songs herself. MacLachlan unsuccessfully tried to set up Lorde with several songwriters and producers to help her with production. Ultimately, he paired Lorde with Joel Little in December 2011, when she had just turned 15. Little was impressed by Lorde's vocal performance and songwriting abilities, and he built songs with musical structures based on Lorde's lyrics.", "According to scholar Anh Hua, Lorde turns female abjection \u2013 menstruation, female sexuality, and female incest with the mother \u2013 into powerful scenes of female relationship and connection, thus subverting patriarchal heterosexist culture. With such a strong ideology and open-mindedness, Lorde's impact on lesbian society is also significant. An attendee of a 1978 reading of Lorde's essay \"Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power\" says: \"She asked if all the lesbians in the room would please stand. Almost the entire audience rose. \" Lorde donated some of her manuscripts and personal papers to the Lesbian Herstory Archives. The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center is an organization in New York City named for Michael Callen and Lorde, which is dedicated to providing medical health care to the city's LGBT population without regard to ability to pay. Callen-Lorde is the only primary care center in New York City created specifically to serve the LGBT community. The Audre Lorde Project, founded in 1994, is a Brooklyn-based organization for LGBT people of color. The organization concentrates on community organizing and radical nonviolent activism around progressive issues within New York City, especially relating to LGBT communities, AIDS and HIV activism, pro-immigrant activism, prison reform, and organizing among youth of color. The Audre Lorde Award is an annual literary award presented by Publishing Triangle to honor works of lesbian poetry, first presented in 2001. In 2014 Lorde was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display in Chicago, Illinois that celebrates LGBT history and people. For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Megan Rapinoe chose the name of Lorde.", "Audre Lorde Audre Lorde (; born Audrey Geraldine Lorde; February 18, 1934 \u2013 November 17, 1992) was an American writer, feminist, womanist, librarian, and civil rights activist. As a poet, she is best known for technical mastery and emotional expression, as well as her poems that express anger and outrage at civil and social injustices she observed throughout her life. Her poems and prose largely deal with issues related to civil rights, feminism, lesbianism, and the exploration of black female identity. In relation to non-intersectional feminism in the United States, Lorde famously said, \"those of us who stand outside the circle of this society's definition of acceptable women; those of us who have been forged in the crucibles of difference \u2013 those of us who are poor, who are lesbians, who are Black, who are older \u2013 know that survival is not an academic skill. It is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths. For the master's tools will never dismantle the master's house. They may allow us temporarily to beat him at his own game, but they will never enable us to bring about genuine change. And this fact is only threatening to those women who still define the master's house as their only source of support.\" Lorde was born in New York City to Caribbean immigrants, her father from Barbados and her mother Grenadian from the island of Carriacou, Frederick Byron Lorde (known as Byron) and Linda Gertrude Belmar Lorde, who settled in Harlem. Lorde's mother was of mixed ancestry but could \"pass\" for 'Spanish', which was a source of pride for her family. Lorde's father was darker than the Belmar family liked, and they only allowed the couple to marry because of Byron Lorde's charm, ambition, and persistence.", "Lorde understands the \u201ccosmetic\u201d focus of the Reach for Recovery program as part of a general problem of sexism and racism. She also speaks of the possibilities of alternative medicine, arguing that women should be afforded the space to look at all options, and negotiate treatment and healing on their own terms. \"The Cancer Journals\" touches on themes that were prominent in Lorde's life. In describing her identity as a multitude of labels, black, lesbian, feminist mother and poet, Lorde seeks to intertwine her battle with cancer into her identity. \u201cI have cancer, I am a black feminist poet. How am I going to do this now?\u201d she asks and seeks to answer through her writing. Lorde touches on feminist ideals when she combats the societal notion of what a woman should look like and what her body looks like post mastectomy. Lorde states \u201ca kindly woman\u201d attempted to give her \u201ca soft sleep bra and a wad of lambswool pressed into a pale pink breast-shaped pad\u201d. The message is clear: the absent breast must be made up for somehow, such that Lorde's one-breasted deviation from the ideal female form is never visible. By embracing her one breast, Lorde avoids denial and persists beyond the impending victimization sick women receive. Lorde works to challenge the notion of femininity in cancer survivors. Other prominent works by Audre Lorde include: \"Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches\", a prose work in which Lorde focuses on the importance of communication between marginalized groups in society. In this work, Lorde pushes the idea of uniting these groups by finding common ground in their trials and tribulations. \"\" (1982) is an autobiographical novel in which Lorde delves into discovering her identity and self-awareness."], "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#2", "question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "rewrite": "Did Lorde go on tour in 2009 ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["According to scholar Anh Hua, Lorde turns female abjection \u2013 menstruation, female sexuality, and female incest with the mother \u2013 into powerful scenes of female relationship and connection, thus subverting patriarchal heterosexist culture. With such a strong ideology and open-mindedness, Lorde's impact on lesbian society is also significant. An attendee of a 1978 reading of Lorde's essay \"Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power\" says: \"She asked if all the lesbians in the room would please stand. Almost the entire audience rose. \" Lorde donated some of her manuscripts and personal papers to the Lesbian Herstory Archives. The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center is an organization in New York City named for Michael Callen and Lorde, which is dedicated to providing medical health care to the city's LGBT population without regard to ability to pay. Callen-Lorde is the only primary care center in New York City created specifically to serve the LGBT community. The Audre Lorde Project, founded in 1994, is a Brooklyn-based organization for LGBT people of color. The organization concentrates on community organizing and radical nonviolent activism around progressive issues within New York City, especially relating to LGBT communities, AIDS and HIV activism, pro-immigrant activism, prison reform, and organizing among youth of color. The Audre Lorde Award is an annual literary award presented by Publishing Triangle to honor works of lesbian poetry, first presented in 2001. In 2014 Lorde was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display in Chicago, Illinois that celebrates LGBT history and people. For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Megan Rapinoe chose the name of Lorde.", "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand singer Lorde. At the age of 12, she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan, and began writing songs. In December 2011, MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little, and within three weeks, the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP. In November 2012, Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud. On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records. An indie rock-influenced electronica album, \"The Love Club EP\" was well received by music critics, who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira, Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey. The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia, and was certified platinum and nonuple platinum in those two countries respectively. In the US, the record charted at number twenty-three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013. To promote \"The Love Club EP\", Lorde performed during various concerts, and \"Royals\" was released as a single. Lorde was discovered by A&R representative Scott MacLachlan of Universal Music Group (UMG) at the age of 12, when MacLachlan saw footage of Lorde performing at a school talent show in Auckland, New Zealand. At the age of 13, Lorde started writing songs herself. MacLachlan unsuccessfully tried to set up Lorde with several songwriters and producers to help her with production. Ultimately, he paired Lorde with Joel Little in December 2011, when she had just turned 15. Little was impressed by Lorde's vocal performance and songwriting abilities, and he built songs with musical structures based on Lorde's lyrics.", "It was reported that tour dates in the United Kingdom, Australia (Perth and Sydney) as well as US locations in Washington, D.C., and Brooklyn were sold out. This set list is from the show on March 1, 2018 in Milwaukee. It does not represent all concerts for the duration of the tour. Lorde changed the covers as the tour progressed. In December 2017, Lorde cancelled her scheduled June concert in Israel following an online campaign by Palestinian solidarity activists supporting the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign. This online campaign included an open letter published on \"The Spinoff\" online magazine by both Jewish New Zealander activist Justine Sachs and Palestinian New Zealander activist Nadia Abu-Shanab. It urged Lorde to cancel her Israel tour, citing the \"Israeli government's policies of oppression, ethnic cleansing, human rights violations, occupation and apartheid\". Lorde issued a statement on Twitter thanking her fans for educating her about Israel\u2013Palestine saying, \"I'm not too proud to admit I didn't make the right call [by booking this tour]\". Palestinian activists and supporters, including the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel and the New Zealand Jewish pro-boycott group Dayenu, of which Sachs is a founding member, welcomed Lorde's cancellation of her Israeli tour. In contrast, pro-Israel groups and supporters including Shalom. Kiwi and the actress Roseanne Barr criticised Lorde's action. Israeli Culture and Sports Minister Miri Regev and the Israeli Ambassador to New Zealand Itzhak Gerbeg also issued statements urging Lorde to reconsider her cancellation; Gerbeg invited Lorde to meet with him.", "Lorde understands the \u201ccosmetic\u201d focus of the Reach for Recovery program as part of a general problem of sexism and racism. She also speaks of the possibilities of alternative medicine, arguing that women should be afforded the space to look at all options, and negotiate treatment and healing on their own terms. \"The Cancer Journals\" touches on themes that were prominent in Lorde's life. In describing her identity as a multitude of labels, black, lesbian, feminist mother and poet, Lorde seeks to intertwine her battle with cancer into her identity. \u201cI have cancer, I am a black feminist poet. How am I going to do this now?\u201d she asks and seeks to answer through her writing. Lorde touches on feminist ideals when she combats the societal notion of what a woman should look like and what her body looks like post mastectomy. Lorde states \u201ca kindly woman\u201d attempted to give her \u201ca soft sleep bra and a wad of lambswool pressed into a pale pink breast-shaped pad\u201d. The message is clear: the absent breast must be made up for somehow, such that Lorde's one-breasted deviation from the ideal female form is never visible. By embracing her one breast, Lorde avoids denial and persists beyond the impending victimization sick women receive. Lorde works to challenge the notion of femininity in cancer survivors. Other prominent works by Audre Lorde include: \"Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches\", a prose work in which Lorde focuses on the importance of communication between marginalized groups in society. In this work, Lorde pushes the idea of uniting these groups by finding common ground in their trials and tribulations. \"\" (1982) is an autobiographical novel in which Lorde delves into discovering her identity and self-awareness.", "Coal (book) Coal is a collection of poetry by Audre Lorde, published in 1976. It was Lorde's first collection to be released by a major publisher. Lorde's poetry in \"Coal\" explored themes related to the several layers of her identity as a \"Black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.\" \"Coal\" consists of five sections. While Audre Lorde presents poems that express each part of her identity, race undoubtedly plays a significant role in \"Coal\". A major theme within the volume is Lorde's angry reaction towards racism. For Lorde, expressing anger was not destructive. Instead, Lorde transforms \"rage at racism into triumphant self-assertion. \" She specifically dedicates the book \"To the People of Sun, That We May All Better Understand.\" In addition, another significant part of the volume explores her existence as a lesbian, friend, and a former lover, specifically in the fourth section that consists of one long poem titled \"Martha\" that outlines the recovery of Lorde's former lover after a car accident. The volume's namesake comes from a poem in the first section titled \"Coal\". It is written in free-verse and first-person. The idea of an identity consisting of several layers is exemplified in this poem. One's true identity is often hidden behind several muddled layers. Lorde alludes toward this concept by her recurrent use of the dual imagery of a piece of coal and a diamond. As the speaker of the poem, Lorde begins by equating herself with a piece of coal. The array of topics and nuances that are explored in Lorde's poems pertain to her own multifaceted-ness, signifying her status as \"a self-styled \"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet. \""], "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#3", "question": "Did she released album in 2010 ?", "rewrite": "Did Lorde release an album in 2010 ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Subhash Nagar metro station The Subhash Nagar Metro Station is located on the Blue Line of the Delhi Metro. Subhash Nagar is a place between Rajouri Garden, Tagore Garden on one side Ashok Nagar on other side in west part in New Delhi. Subhash Nagar is a part of Hari Nagar assembly constituency and West Delhi parliamentary constituency. It is authorised and being developed by the Delhi Government. Subhash Nagar is basically a refugee colony with the people those who migrated from West Punjab, Sindh and Northwest Frontier Province but now people from Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, West Bengal, East Punjab and South India are also living in this place. Pincode of Subhash Nagar is 110027. Pacific mall in Subhash Nagar Extn. metro station was inaugurated recently. Ajanta Mall & Multiplexes is under construction on the same site where the famous old Ajanta Movie Theatre is situated in Ajay Enclave Extension, which is adjacent a residential colony called Ajay Enclave. Rajouri Garden, Ashok Nagar, Hari Nagar, Manak Vihar, Tagore Garden, Khayala, Maya Enclave, Mayapuri and Ajay Enclave. Delhi Transport Corporation bus routes number 234, 308, 410, 801, 810, 813, 813CL, 816, 816A, 817, 817A, 817B, 823, 832, 833, 847, 861A, 871, 871A, WDM (-) Subhash Nagar serves the station from outside metro station stop. Subhash Nagar is nearby two metro stations: Tagore Garden Metro Station and the Subhash Nagar Metro Station.", "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand singer Lorde. At the age of 12, she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan, and began writing songs. In December 2011, MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little, and within three weeks, the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP. In November 2012, Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud. On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records. An indie rock-influenced electronica album, \"The Love Club EP\" was well received by music critics, who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira, Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey. The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia, and was certified platinum and nonuple platinum in those two countries respectively. In the US, the record charted at number twenty-three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013. To promote \"The Love Club EP\", Lorde performed during various concerts, and \"Royals\" was released as a single. Lorde was discovered by A&R representative Scott MacLachlan of Universal Music Group (UMG) at the age of 12, when MacLachlan saw footage of Lorde performing at a school talent show in Auckland, New Zealand. At the age of 13, Lorde started writing songs herself. MacLachlan unsuccessfully tried to set up Lorde with several songwriters and producers to help her with production. Ultimately, he paired Lorde with Joel Little in December 2011, when she had just turned 15. Little was impressed by Lorde's vocal performance and songwriting abilities, and he built songs with musical structures based on Lorde's lyrics.", "Lorde understands the \u201ccosmetic\u201d focus of the Reach for Recovery program as part of a general problem of sexism and racism. She also speaks of the possibilities of alternative medicine, arguing that women should be afforded the space to look at all options, and negotiate treatment and healing on their own terms. \"The Cancer Journals\" touches on themes that were prominent in Lorde's life. In describing her identity as a multitude of labels, black, lesbian, feminist mother and poet, Lorde seeks to intertwine her battle with cancer into her identity. \u201cI have cancer, I am a black feminist poet. How am I going to do this now?\u201d she asks and seeks to answer through her writing. Lorde touches on feminist ideals when she combats the societal notion of what a woman should look like and what her body looks like post mastectomy. Lorde states \u201ca kindly woman\u201d attempted to give her \u201ca soft sleep bra and a wad of lambswool pressed into a pale pink breast-shaped pad\u201d. The message is clear: the absent breast must be made up for somehow, such that Lorde's one-breasted deviation from the ideal female form is never visible. By embracing her one breast, Lorde avoids denial and persists beyond the impending victimization sick women receive. Lorde works to challenge the notion of femininity in cancer survivors. Other prominent works by Audre Lorde include: \"Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches\", a prose work in which Lorde focuses on the importance of communication between marginalized groups in society. In this work, Lorde pushes the idea of uniting these groups by finding common ground in their trials and tribulations. \"\" (1982) is an autobiographical novel in which Lorde delves into discovering her identity and self-awareness.", "According to scholar Anh Hua, Lorde turns female abjection \u2013 menstruation, female sexuality, and female incest with the mother \u2013 into powerful scenes of female relationship and connection, thus subverting patriarchal heterosexist culture. With such a strong ideology and open-mindedness, Lorde's impact on lesbian society is also significant. An attendee of a 1978 reading of Lorde's essay \"Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power\" says: \"She asked if all the lesbians in the room would please stand. Almost the entire audience rose. \" Lorde donated some of her manuscripts and personal papers to the Lesbian Herstory Archives. The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center is an organization in New York City named for Michael Callen and Lorde, which is dedicated to providing medical health care to the city's LGBT population without regard to ability to pay. Callen-Lorde is the only primary care center in New York City created specifically to serve the LGBT community. The Audre Lorde Project, founded in 1994, is a Brooklyn-based organization for LGBT people of color. The organization concentrates on community organizing and radical nonviolent activism around progressive issues within New York City, especially relating to LGBT communities, AIDS and HIV activism, pro-immigrant activism, prison reform, and organizing among youth of color. The Audre Lorde Award is an annual literary award presented by Publishing Triangle to honor works of lesbian poetry, first presented in 2001. In 2014 Lorde was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display in Chicago, Illinois that celebrates LGBT history and people. For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Megan Rapinoe chose the name of Lorde.", "Scott Maclachlan, an A&R executive of Universal Music Group (UMG), discovered Lorde upon witnessing her performance at her school talent show when she was 12. Maclachlan subsequently signed Lorde to UMG for development and paired her up with Joel Little, a songwriter and record producer. In December 2011, the pair finished their first collaborative effort, a five-track extended play (EP) titled \"The Love Club\". Lorde then self-released the EP for free download via her SoundCloud account in November 2012. Upon completion of \"The Love Club\", Lorde and Little quickly collaborated again, initially planning to release another EP. The pair recorded materials at Little's Golden Age Studios in Morningside and started writing \"Tennis Court\" in January 2013. They also recorded several additional tracks and ultimately decided to work on a full-length studio album instead. Little acted as the song's sole producer, using audio software Pro Tools. Songwriting for \"Tennis Court\" was different from how Lorde usually writes songs; by and large, she would have a lyric forming before going into the studio to record. For this song, Little and Lorde first wrote the music and the beat, and the lyrics were built on the instant instrumental. Speaking to \"Billboard\" in November 2013, Little appreciated Lorde's developed songwriting skills on \"Tennis Court\", for which Lorde wrote the melody and the whole chorus, praising her as \"an amazing songwriter\". On 7 June 2013, Universal Music Group released \"Tennis Court\" for digital download as Lorde's second single following \"Royals\" in Australia and New Zealand, where Lorde's cover of The Replacements' 1985 song \"Swingin Party\" serves as the B-side. On the same day, an EP of the same name was released digitally throughout Europe."], "answer": {"text": "In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis", "answer_start": 849}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#4", "question": "What did she do in 2011 ?", "rewrite": "What did Lorde do in 2011 ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to scholar Anh Hua, Lorde turns female abjection \u2013 menstruation, female sexuality, and female incest with the mother \u2013 into powerful scenes of female relationship and connection, thus subverting patriarchal heterosexist culture. With such a strong ideology and open-mindedness, Lorde's impact on lesbian society is also significant. An attendee of a 1978 reading of Lorde's essay \"Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power\" says: \"She asked if all the lesbians in the room would please stand. Almost the entire audience rose. \" Lorde donated some of her manuscripts and personal papers to the Lesbian Herstory Archives. The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center is an organization in New York City named for Michael Callen and Lorde, which is dedicated to providing medical health care to the city's LGBT population without regard to ability to pay. Callen-Lorde is the only primary care center in New York City created specifically to serve the LGBT community. The Audre Lorde Project, founded in 1994, is a Brooklyn-based organization for LGBT people of color. The organization concentrates on community organizing and radical nonviolent activism around progressive issues within New York City, especially relating to LGBT communities, AIDS and HIV activism, pro-immigrant activism, prison reform, and organizing among youth of color. The Audre Lorde Award is an annual literary award presented by Publishing Triangle to honor works of lesbian poetry, first presented in 2001. In 2014 Lorde was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display in Chicago, Illinois that celebrates LGBT history and people. For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Megan Rapinoe chose the name of Lorde.", "Scott Maclachlan, an A&R executive of Universal Music Group (UMG), discovered Lorde upon witnessing her performance at her school talent show when she was 12. Maclachlan subsequently signed Lorde to UMG for development and paired her up with Joel Little, a songwriter and record producer. In December 2011, the pair finished their first collaborative effort, a five-track extended play (EP) titled \"The Love Club\". Lorde then self-released the EP for free download via her SoundCloud account in November 2012. Upon completion of \"The Love Club\", Lorde and Little quickly collaborated again, initially planning to release another EP. The pair recorded materials at Little's Golden Age Studios in Morningside and started writing \"Tennis Court\" in January 2013. They also recorded several additional tracks and ultimately decided to work on a full-length studio album instead. Little acted as the song's sole producer, using audio software Pro Tools. Songwriting for \"Tennis Court\" was different from how Lorde usually writes songs; by and large, she would have a lyric forming before going into the studio to record. For this song, Little and Lorde first wrote the music and the beat, and the lyrics were built on the instant instrumental. Speaking to \"Billboard\" in November 2013, Little appreciated Lorde's developed songwriting skills on \"Tennis Court\", for which Lorde wrote the melody and the whole chorus, praising her as \"an amazing songwriter\". On 7 June 2013, Universal Music Group released \"Tennis Court\" for digital download as Lorde's second single following \"Royals\" in Australia and New Zealand, where Lorde's cover of The Replacements' 1985 song \"Swingin Party\" serves as the B-side. On the same day, an EP of the same name was released digitally throughout Europe.", "Lorde understands the \u201ccosmetic\u201d focus of the Reach for Recovery program as part of a general problem of sexism and racism. She also speaks of the possibilities of alternative medicine, arguing that women should be afforded the space to look at all options, and negotiate treatment and healing on their own terms. \"The Cancer Journals\" touches on themes that were prominent in Lorde's life. In describing her identity as a multitude of labels, black, lesbian, feminist mother and poet, Lorde seeks to intertwine her battle with cancer into her identity. \u201cI have cancer, I am a black feminist poet. How am I going to do this now?\u201d she asks and seeks to answer through her writing. Lorde touches on feminist ideals when she combats the societal notion of what a woman should look like and what her body looks like post mastectomy. Lorde states \u201ca kindly woman\u201d attempted to give her \u201ca soft sleep bra and a wad of lambswool pressed into a pale pink breast-shaped pad\u201d. The message is clear: the absent breast must be made up for somehow, such that Lorde's one-breasted deviation from the ideal female form is never visible. By embracing her one breast, Lorde avoids denial and persists beyond the impending victimization sick women receive. Lorde works to challenge the notion of femininity in cancer survivors. Other prominent works by Audre Lorde include: \"Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches\", a prose work in which Lorde focuses on the importance of communication between marginalized groups in society. In this work, Lorde pushes the idea of uniting these groups by finding common ground in their trials and tribulations. \"\" (1982) is an autobiographical novel in which Lorde delves into discovering her identity and self-awareness.", "Coal (book) Coal is a collection of poetry by Audre Lorde, published in 1976. It was Lorde's first collection to be released by a major publisher. Lorde's poetry in \"Coal\" explored themes related to the several layers of her identity as a \"Black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.\" \"Coal\" consists of five sections. While Audre Lorde presents poems that express each part of her identity, race undoubtedly plays a significant role in \"Coal\". A major theme within the volume is Lorde's angry reaction towards racism. For Lorde, expressing anger was not destructive. Instead, Lorde transforms \"rage at racism into triumphant self-assertion. \" She specifically dedicates the book \"To the People of Sun, That We May All Better Understand.\" In addition, another significant part of the volume explores her existence as a lesbian, friend, and a former lover, specifically in the fourth section that consists of one long poem titled \"Martha\" that outlines the recovery of Lorde's former lover after a car accident. The volume's namesake comes from a poem in the first section titled \"Coal\". It is written in free-verse and first-person. The idea of an identity consisting of several layers is exemplified in this poem. One's true identity is often hidden behind several muddled layers. Lorde alludes toward this concept by her recurrent use of the dual imagery of a piece of coal and a diamond. As the speaker of the poem, Lorde begins by equating herself with a piece of coal. The array of topics and nuances that are explored in Lorde's poems pertain to her own multifaceted-ness, signifying her status as \"a self-styled \"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet. \"", "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand singer Lorde. At the age of 12, she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan, and began writing songs. In December 2011, MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little, and within three weeks, the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP. In November 2012, Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud. On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records. An indie rock-influenced electronica album, \"The Love Club EP\" was well received by music critics, who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira, Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey. The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia, and was certified platinum and nonuple platinum in those two countries respectively. In the US, the record charted at number twenty-three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013. To promote \"The Love Club EP\", Lorde performed during various concerts, and \"Royals\" was released as a single. Lorde was discovered by A&R representative Scott MacLachlan of Universal Music Group (UMG) at the age of 12, when MacLachlan saw footage of Lorde performing at a school talent show in Auckland, New Zealand. At the age of 13, Lorde started writing songs herself. MacLachlan unsuccessfully tried to set up Lorde with several songwriters and producers to help her with production. Ultimately, he paired Lorde with Joel Little in December 2011, when she had just turned 15. Little was impressed by Lorde's vocal performance and songwriting abilities, and he built songs with musical structures based on Lorde's lyrics."], "answer": {"text": "In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons", "answer_start": 1343}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she released album in 2010 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#5", "question": "Why did she need a vocal coach ?", "rewrite": "Why did Lorde need to hire a vocal coach ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hermann Weigert Hermann Weigert (20 October 1890 in Breslau \u2013 2 April 1955 in New York City) was a German vocal coach, pianist, and conductor. He was a vocal coach and accompanist for the Metropolitan Opera for thirteen years. Recognized as an authority on the works of Richard Wagner, he served as a consultant to the Bayreuth Festival from 1951 until his death four years later. He was the husband, accompanist and, voice teacher of Swedish soprano Astrid Varnay, whose career he managed to international success. He also served as accompanist and vocal coach for soprano Kirsten Flagstad for many years. Trained at the Berlin Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Weigert began his career working as a vocal coach at the Magdeburg Opera and at Theater L\u00fcbeck. He left those posts to join the conducting staff at the Berlin State Opera in 1920 where he worked with Dimitri Mitropoulos, Otto Klemperer, George Szell, and Heinz Tietjen. While conducting in Berlin, he simultaneously worked as a professor at the Royal Berlin Academy of Music. Due to his Jewish ancestry and the rise of the Nazi party in Berlin, Weigert resigned from his post at the Berlin State Opera in 1934. After working for a brief period in South Africa, he joined the staff of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where he worked as the chief vocal coach and accompanist for the German repertoire. At the Met he became known as an expert on the works of Richard Wagner, and became the primary vocal coach to sopranos Kirsten Flagstad and Astrid Varnay; the latter of whom he married in 1944.", "In May 2009, Lorde and musician friend Louis McDonald won the Belmont Intermediate School annual talent show as a duo. On 13 August 2009, Lorde and McDonald were invited in for a chat on Jim Mora's Afternoons show on Radio New Zealand. There, they performed covers of Pixie Lott's \"Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)\" and Kings of Leon's \"Use Somebody\". McDonald's father Ian sent both his home audio recording of her and Louis McDonald covering Duffy's song \"Warwick Avenue\" and his home video recording of the pair singing Pixie Lott's \"Mama Do\" to Universal Music Group (UMG)'s A&R Scott Maclachlan. In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development. Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme; the band placed third in the North Shore Battle of the Bands finals at the Bruce Mason Centre, Takapuna, Auckland on 18 November 2009. In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis as a duet called \"Ella & Louis\", playing at The Leigh Sawmill Cafe on 15 August, at Roasted Addiqtion Cafe in Kingsland on 20 August, at The Vic Unplugged at Victoria Theatre, Devonport on 27 October, and at Devonstock in Devonport on 12 December. While working on her music career, she attended Takapuna Grammar School from 2010 to 2013, completing Year twelve. She later chose not to return in 2014 to finish Year thirteen. In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons twice a week for a year. During this time, she began writing songs and was set up with a succession of songwriters, but without success. At the age of fourteen, Lorde started reading short fiction and learned how to \"put words together\".", "Yvie Burnett Yvie Burnett (born 8 August 1968), is a Scottish mezzo-soprano and vocal coach, best known for her work with Simon Cowell on television shows \" The X Factor\" and \"Britain's Got Talent\", \"The Big Reunion\" \"The Voice UK\" and BBC's \"Let It Shine\" Burnett attended Ellon Academy, Aberdeenshire, the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama, Guildhall School of Music & Drama and The National Opera Studio. Burnett trained as an operatic mezzo-soprano, and performed as a soloist with the Welsh National Opera, Glyndebourne, Opera North, De Nederlandse Opera and Opera De Nantes. Burnett has developed her own vocal training technique having started off studying at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama, the Guildhall School of Music & Dram and the National Opera Studio. She also gained an ARCM from the Royal Academy of Music. She has worked with singers as varied as Sarah Brightman, Susan Boyle, Gary Lightbody from Snow Patrol, Sam Smith, and Nicole Scherzinger. She joined \"The X Factor\" in series 2 as Louis Walsh's vocal coach and coached Shayne Ward to success as the series winner. In 2005, as well as working with Louis with groups. In 2006 she became the sole vocal coach on the show and also coached Cowell and Sharon Osbourne's acts. She subsequently coached Leona Lewis in 2006. She was initially not rehired for the 2010 series, but then replaced the new coaches after they were sacked by Cowell, to coach his groups. Burnett became the vocal coach on the first three series of \"Britain's Got Talent,\" and the vocal coach on \"America's Got Talent\" (Series 4 and 5).", "Frances Dickinson Frances Dickinson is a New Zealand-based musician and vocal coach. She is the former vocalist of alt-folk band Forbidden Joe and is a vocal coach for New Zealand recording artists such as Lorde. Dickinson was the lead singer and songwriter in the alt-folk band Forbidden Joe. The trio formed in 2008 after they met at the Devonport Folk Club (Auckland) and went on to record an EP entitled \"Oh, what a queer sensation\" later that year. The EP was described as being \"very contemporary and yet at the same time having everything that you'd want from a really traditional folk view\" whilst demonstrating \"really good vocals (and) some really good songwriting\" by Manu Taylor on National Radio's Nine till Noon music review. Music reviewer Graham Reid discussed Dickinson's songwriting in a review of the EP where he remarked that \" as a writer, just on this one showing, she seems to be a rare one\". Aside from one co-write with Arthur Baysting on the full album, she did not write any more songs with Forbidden Joe. Forbidden Joe produced their only full-length album \"In Mourning for the Pride of Petravore\" in 2010, which was part funded by Creative New Zealand. The trio separated in 2011 and their album was a finalist for the Vodafone New Zealand Music Award for Best Folk Album in the same year. Dickinson is a vocal coach for Establish Music and has worked with a number of New Zealand artists. In 2013 Dickinson worked with Ruby Frost while she was a judge on New Zealand's \"X Factor\" show. She has also coached NZ Silver Scroll winner Lips, Six60 and actress Robyn Malcolm. Dickinson was hired in 2011 by Universal Music to coach Ella Yellich-OConnor (who would later adopt the stage name Lorde) twice a week while she was signed to their label on a development deal.", "Vocal coach  A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a \"voice teacher\"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both Classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation. A vocal coach is sometimes responsible for writing and producing vocal arrangements for four-part harmony for backup vocalists or helping to develop counter melodies for a secondary vocalist. Some vocal coaches may also advise singers or bands on lyric-writing for a music production. Some critics allege that in some cases where popular music recordings credit a singer for work as a vocal coach during a recording, this may be a subtle way of acknowledging a ghostwriting role, in which the coach writes lyrics for a singer-songwriter or rapper. In the 2000s, the increasing use of recording software which contains vocal processing algorithms and digital pitch correction devices is replacing some of the roles of the vocal coach. In the 1970s, if a producer wanted to record a single with a popular sports star with few vocal skills, the celebrity would need weeks of vocal coaching to learn their song and improve their tone and diction. In the 2000s, the vocals are often processed through pitch correction software instead, and rhythm can be corrected with Pro Tools."], "answer": {"text": "singing lessons", "answer_start": 1406}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she released album in 2010 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2011 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#6", "question": "Who was Frances Dickson to her ?", "rewrite": "How did Lorde know Frances Dickson?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lorde understands the \u201ccosmetic\u201d focus of the Reach for Recovery program as part of a general problem of sexism and racism. She also speaks of the possibilities of alternative medicine, arguing that women should be afforded the space to look at all options, and negotiate treatment and healing on their own terms. \"The Cancer Journals\" touches on themes that were prominent in Lorde's life. In describing her identity as a multitude of labels, black, lesbian, feminist mother and poet, Lorde seeks to intertwine her battle with cancer into her identity. \u201cI have cancer, I am a black feminist poet. How am I going to do this now?\u201d she asks and seeks to answer through her writing. Lorde touches on feminist ideals when she combats the societal notion of what a woman should look like and what her body looks like post mastectomy. Lorde states \u201ca kindly woman\u201d attempted to give her \u201ca soft sleep bra and a wad of lambswool pressed into a pale pink breast-shaped pad\u201d. The message is clear: the absent breast must be made up for somehow, such that Lorde's one-breasted deviation from the ideal female form is never visible. By embracing her one breast, Lorde avoids denial and persists beyond the impending victimization sick women receive. Lorde works to challenge the notion of femininity in cancer survivors. Other prominent works by Audre Lorde include: \"Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches\", a prose work in which Lorde focuses on the importance of communication between marginalized groups in society. In this work, Lorde pushes the idea of uniting these groups by finding common ground in their trials and tribulations. \"\" (1982) is an autobiographical novel in which Lorde delves into discovering her identity and self-awareness.", "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand singer Lorde. At the age of 12, she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan, and began writing songs. In December 2011, MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little, and within three weeks, the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP. In November 2012, Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud. On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records. An indie rock-influenced electronica album, \"The Love Club EP\" was well received by music critics, who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira, Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey. The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia, and was certified platinum and nonuple platinum in those two countries respectively. In the US, the record charted at number twenty-three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013. To promote \"The Love Club EP\", Lorde performed during various concerts, and \"Royals\" was released as a single. Lorde was discovered by A&R representative Scott MacLachlan of Universal Music Group (UMG) at the age of 12, when MacLachlan saw footage of Lorde performing at a school talent show in Auckland, New Zealand. At the age of 13, Lorde started writing songs herself. MacLachlan unsuccessfully tried to set up Lorde with several songwriters and producers to help her with production. Ultimately, he paired Lorde with Joel Little in December 2011, when she had just turned 15. Little was impressed by Lorde's vocal performance and songwriting abilities, and he built songs with musical structures based on Lorde's lyrics.", "Audre Lorde Audre Lorde (; born Audrey Geraldine Lorde; February 18, 1934 \u2013 November 17, 1992) was an American writer, feminist, womanist, librarian, and civil rights activist. As a poet, she is best known for technical mastery and emotional expression, as well as her poems that express anger and outrage at civil and social injustices she observed throughout her life. Her poems and prose largely deal with issues related to civil rights, feminism, lesbianism, and the exploration of black female identity. In relation to non-intersectional feminism in the United States, Lorde famously said, \"those of us who stand outside the circle of this society's definition of acceptable women; those of us who have been forged in the crucibles of difference \u2013 those of us who are poor, who are lesbians, who are Black, who are older \u2013 know that survival is not an academic skill. It is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths. For the master's tools will never dismantle the master's house. They may allow us temporarily to beat him at his own game, but they will never enable us to bring about genuine change. And this fact is only threatening to those women who still define the master's house as their only source of support.\" Lorde was born in New York City to Caribbean immigrants, her father from Barbados and her mother Grenadian from the island of Carriacou, Frederick Byron Lorde (known as Byron) and Linda Gertrude Belmar Lorde, who settled in Harlem. Lorde's mother was of mixed ancestry but could \"pass\" for 'Spanish', which was a source of pride for her family. Lorde's father was darker than the Belmar family liked, and they only allowed the couple to marry because of Byron Lorde's charm, ambition, and persistence.", "Coal (book) Coal is a collection of poetry by Audre Lorde, published in 1976. It was Lorde's first collection to be released by a major publisher. Lorde's poetry in \"Coal\" explored themes related to the several layers of her identity as a \"Black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.\" \"Coal\" consists of five sections. While Audre Lorde presents poems that express each part of her identity, race undoubtedly plays a significant role in \"Coal\". A major theme within the volume is Lorde's angry reaction towards racism. For Lorde, expressing anger was not destructive. Instead, Lorde transforms \"rage at racism into triumphant self-assertion. \" She specifically dedicates the book \"To the People of Sun, That We May All Better Understand.\" In addition, another significant part of the volume explores her existence as a lesbian, friend, and a former lover, specifically in the fourth section that consists of one long poem titled \"Martha\" that outlines the recovery of Lorde's former lover after a car accident. The volume's namesake comes from a poem in the first section titled \"Coal\". It is written in free-verse and first-person. The idea of an identity consisting of several layers is exemplified in this poem. One's true identity is often hidden behind several muddled layers. Lorde alludes toward this concept by her recurrent use of the dual imagery of a piece of coal and a diamond. As the speaker of the poem, Lorde begins by equating herself with a piece of coal. The array of topics and nuances that are explored in Lorde's poems pertain to her own multifaceted-ness, signifying her status as \"a self-styled \"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet. \"", "According to scholar Anh Hua, Lorde turns female abjection \u2013 menstruation, female sexuality, and female incest with the mother \u2013 into powerful scenes of female relationship and connection, thus subverting patriarchal heterosexist culture. With such a strong ideology and open-mindedness, Lorde's impact on lesbian society is also significant. An attendee of a 1978 reading of Lorde's essay \"Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power\" says: \"She asked if all the lesbians in the room would please stand. Almost the entire audience rose. \" Lorde donated some of her manuscripts and personal papers to the Lesbian Herstory Archives. The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center is an organization in New York City named for Michael Callen and Lorde, which is dedicated to providing medical health care to the city's LGBT population without regard to ability to pay. Callen-Lorde is the only primary care center in New York City created specifically to serve the LGBT community. The Audre Lorde Project, founded in 1994, is a Brooklyn-based organization for LGBT people of color. The organization concentrates on community organizing and radical nonviolent activism around progressive issues within New York City, especially relating to LGBT communities, AIDS and HIV activism, pro-immigrant activism, prison reform, and organizing among youth of color. The Audre Lorde Award is an annual literary award presented by Publishing Triangle to honor works of lesbian poetry, first presented in 2001. In 2014 Lorde was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display in Chicago, Illinois that celebrates LGBT history and people. For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Megan Rapinoe chose the name of Lorde."], "answer": {"text": "vocal coach", "answer_start": 1362}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she released album in 2010 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2011 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she need a vocal coach ?", "answer": {"text": "singing lessons", "answer_start": 1406, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#7", "question": "Is the vocal coach still working with her ?", "rewrite": "Is Lorde still working with Frances Dickson as a vocal coach?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Yvie Burnett Yvie Burnett (born 8 August 1968), is a Scottish mezzo-soprano and vocal coach, best known for her work with Simon Cowell on television shows \" The X Factor\" and \"Britain's Got Talent\", \"The Big Reunion\" \"The Voice UK\" and BBC's \"Let It Shine\" Burnett attended Ellon Academy, Aberdeenshire, the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama, Guildhall School of Music & Drama and The National Opera Studio. Burnett trained as an operatic mezzo-soprano, and performed as a soloist with the Welsh National Opera, Glyndebourne, Opera North, De Nederlandse Opera and Opera De Nantes. Burnett has developed her own vocal training technique having started off studying at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama, the Guildhall School of Music & Dram and the National Opera Studio. She also gained an ARCM from the Royal Academy of Music. She has worked with singers as varied as Sarah Brightman, Susan Boyle, Gary Lightbody from Snow Patrol, Sam Smith, and Nicole Scherzinger. She joined \"The X Factor\" in series 2 as Louis Walsh's vocal coach and coached Shayne Ward to success as the series winner. In 2005, as well as working with Louis with groups. In 2006 she became the sole vocal coach on the show and also coached Cowell and Sharon Osbourne's acts. She subsequently coached Leona Lewis in 2006. She was initially not rehired for the 2010 series, but then replaced the new coaches after they were sacked by Cowell, to coach his groups. Burnett became the vocal coach on the first three series of \"Britain's Got Talent,\" and the vocal coach on \"America's Got Talent\" (Series 4 and 5).", "Frances Dickinson Frances Dickinson is a New Zealand-based musician and vocal coach. She is the former vocalist of alt-folk band Forbidden Joe and is a vocal coach for New Zealand recording artists such as Lorde. Dickinson was the lead singer and songwriter in the alt-folk band Forbidden Joe. The trio formed in 2008 after they met at the Devonport Folk Club (Auckland) and went on to record an EP entitled \"Oh, what a queer sensation\" later that year. The EP was described as being \"very contemporary and yet at the same time having everything that you'd want from a really traditional folk view\" whilst demonstrating \"really good vocals (and) some really good songwriting\" by Manu Taylor on National Radio's Nine till Noon music review. Music reviewer Graham Reid discussed Dickinson's songwriting in a review of the EP where he remarked that \" as a writer, just on this one showing, she seems to be a rare one\". Aside from one co-write with Arthur Baysting on the full album, she did not write any more songs with Forbidden Joe. Forbidden Joe produced their only full-length album \"In Mourning for the Pride of Petravore\" in 2010, which was part funded by Creative New Zealand. The trio separated in 2011 and their album was a finalist for the Vodafone New Zealand Music Award for Best Folk Album in the same year. Dickinson is a vocal coach for Establish Music and has worked with a number of New Zealand artists. In 2013 Dickinson worked with Ruby Frost while she was a judge on New Zealand's \"X Factor\" show. She has also coached NZ Silver Scroll winner Lips, Six60 and actress Robyn Malcolm. Dickinson was hired in 2011 by Universal Music to coach Ella Yellich-OConnor (who would later adopt the stage name Lorde) twice a week while she was signed to their label on a development deal.", "Hermann Weigert Hermann Weigert (20 October 1890 in Breslau \u2013 2 April 1955 in New York City) was a German vocal coach, pianist, and conductor. He was a vocal coach and accompanist for the Metropolitan Opera for thirteen years. Recognized as an authority on the works of Richard Wagner, he served as a consultant to the Bayreuth Festival from 1951 until his death four years later. He was the husband, accompanist and, voice teacher of Swedish soprano Astrid Varnay, whose career he managed to international success. He also served as accompanist and vocal coach for soprano Kirsten Flagstad for many years. Trained at the Berlin Hochschule f\u00fcr Musik, Weigert began his career working as a vocal coach at the Magdeburg Opera and at Theater L\u00fcbeck. He left those posts to join the conducting staff at the Berlin State Opera in 1920 where he worked with Dimitri Mitropoulos, Otto Klemperer, George Szell, and Heinz Tietjen. While conducting in Berlin, he simultaneously worked as a professor at the Royal Berlin Academy of Music. Due to his Jewish ancestry and the rise of the Nazi party in Berlin, Weigert resigned from his post at the Berlin State Opera in 1934. After working for a brief period in South Africa, he joined the staff of the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where he worked as the chief vocal coach and accompanist for the German repertoire. At the Met he became known as an expert on the works of Richard Wagner, and became the primary vocal coach to sopranos Kirsten Flagstad and Astrid Varnay; the latter of whom he married in 1944.", "Vocal coach  A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a \"voice teacher\"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both Classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation. A vocal coach is sometimes responsible for writing and producing vocal arrangements for four-part harmony for backup vocalists or helping to develop counter melodies for a secondary vocalist. Some vocal coaches may also advise singers or bands on lyric-writing for a music production. Some critics allege that in some cases where popular music recordings credit a singer for work as a vocal coach during a recording, this may be a subtle way of acknowledging a ghostwriting role, in which the coach writes lyrics for a singer-songwriter or rapper. In the 2000s, the increasing use of recording software which contains vocal processing algorithms and digital pitch correction devices is replacing some of the roles of the vocal coach. In the 1970s, if a producer wanted to record a single with a popular sports star with few vocal skills, the celebrity would need weeks of vocal coaching to learn their song and improve their tone and diction. In the 2000s, the vocals are often processed through pitch correction software instead, and rhythm can be corrected with Pro Tools.", "In May 2009, Lorde and musician friend Louis McDonald won the Belmont Intermediate School annual talent show as a duo. On 13 August 2009, Lorde and McDonald were invited in for a chat on Jim Mora's Afternoons show on Radio New Zealand. There, they performed covers of Pixie Lott's \"Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)\" and Kings of Leon's \"Use Somebody\". McDonald's father Ian sent both his home audio recording of her and Louis McDonald covering Duffy's song \"Warwick Avenue\" and his home video recording of the pair singing Pixie Lott's \"Mama Do\" to Universal Music Group (UMG)'s A&R Scott Maclachlan. In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development. Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme; the band placed third in the North Shore Battle of the Bands finals at the Bruce Mason Centre, Takapuna, Auckland on 18 November 2009. In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis as a duet called \"Ella & Louis\", playing at The Leigh Sawmill Cafe on 15 August, at Roasted Addiqtion Cafe in Kingsland on 20 August, at The Vic Unplugged at Victoria Theatre, Devonport on 27 October, and at Devonstock in Devonport on 12 December. While working on her music career, she attended Takapuna Grammar School from 2010 to 2013, completing Year twelve. She later chose not to return in 2014 to finish Year thirteen. In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons twice a week for a year. During this time, she began writing songs and was set up with a succession of songwriters, but without success. At the age of fourteen, Lorde started reading short fiction and learned how to \"put words together\"."], "answer": {"text": "singing lessons twice a week for a year.", "answer_start": 1406}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she released album in 2010 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2011 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she need a vocal coach ?", "answer": {"text": "singing lessons", "answer_start": 1406, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Frances Dickson to her ?", "answer": {"text": "vocal coach", "answer_start": 1362, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#8", "question": "Did she do anything else between 2009 -20011 ?", "rewrite": "Did Lorde do anything else between 2009 -2011 besides release an album, hire a vocal coach and go on tour?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lorde defines racism, sexism, ageism, heterosexism, elitism and classism altogether and explains that an \"ism\" is an idea that what is being privileged is superior and has the right to govern anything else. Belief in the superiority of one aspect of the mythical norm. Lorde explains that a mythical norm is what all bodies should be. The mythical norm of US culture is white, thin, male, young, heterosexual, Christian, financially secure. Lorde's work on black feminism continues to be examined by scholars today. Jennifer C. Nash examines how black feminists acknowledge their identities and find love for themselves through those differences. Nash cites Lorde, who writes: \"I urge each one of us here to reach down into that deep place of knowledge inside herself and touch that terror and loathing of any difference that lives there. See whose face it wears. Then the personal as the political can begin to illuminate all our choices. \" Nash explains that Lorde is urging black feminists to embrace politics rather than fear it, which will lead to an improvement in society for them. Lorde adds, \"Black women sharing close ties with each other, politically or emotionally, are not the enemies of Black men. Too frequently, however, some Black men attempt to rule by fear those Black women who are more ally than enemy. \" Lorde's 1979 essay \"Sexism: An American Disease in Blackface\u201d is a sort of rallying cry to confront sexism in the black community in order to eradicate the violence within it. Lorde insists that the fight between black women and men must end to end racist politics. Throughout Lorde's career she included the idea of a collective identity in many of her poems and books. She did not just identify with one category but she wanted to celebrate all parts of herself equally.", "This can be used as a cheap replacement for hardware in-circuit emulators (ICE). WinUAE introduced support for the CyberStorm PPC and Blizzard 603e boards using the QEMU PPC core in version 3.0.0. Besides the CPU (which is also configurable and can emulate a number of Intel CPU models including (as of 3 March 2018) Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Haswell, Broadwell and Skylake), the following devices are emulated:  The BIOS implementation used by QEMU starting from version 0.12 is SeaBIOS. The VGA BIOS implementation comes from Plex86/Bochs. The UEFI firmware for QEMU is OVMF. QEMU emulates the following PowerMac peripherals: OpenBIOS is used as the firmware. QEMU emulates the following PREP peripherals: On the PREP target, \"Open Hack'Ware\", an Open-Firmware-compatible BIOS, is used. QEMU can emulate the paravirtual sPAPR interface with the following peripherals: On the sPAPR target, another Open-Firmware-compatible BIOS is used, called SLOF. QEMU emulates the ARMv7 instruction set (and down to ARMv5TEJ) with NEON extension. It emulates full systems like Integrator/CP board, Versatile baseboard, RealView Emulation baseboard, XScale-based PDAs, Palm Tungsten|E PDA, Nokia N800 and Nokia N810 Internet tablets etc. QEMU also powers the Android emulator which is part of the Android SDK (most current Android implementations are ARM-based).", "Frances Dickinson Frances Dickinson is a New Zealand-based musician and vocal coach. She is the former vocalist of alt-folk band Forbidden Joe and is a vocal coach for New Zealand recording artists such as Lorde. Dickinson was the lead singer and songwriter in the alt-folk band Forbidden Joe. The trio formed in 2008 after they met at the Devonport Folk Club (Auckland) and went on to record an EP entitled \"Oh, what a queer sensation\" later that year. The EP was described as being \"very contemporary and yet at the same time having everything that you'd want from a really traditional folk view\" whilst demonstrating \"really good vocals (and) some really good songwriting\" by Manu Taylor on National Radio's Nine till Noon music review. Music reviewer Graham Reid discussed Dickinson's songwriting in a review of the EP where he remarked that \" as a writer, just on this one showing, she seems to be a rare one\". Aside from one co-write with Arthur Baysting on the full album, she did not write any more songs with Forbidden Joe. Forbidden Joe produced their only full-length album \"In Mourning for the Pride of Petravore\" in 2010, which was part funded by Creative New Zealand. The trio separated in 2011 and their album was a finalist for the Vodafone New Zealand Music Award for Best Folk Album in the same year. Dickinson is a vocal coach for Establish Music and has worked with a number of New Zealand artists. In 2013 Dickinson worked with Ruby Frost while she was a judge on New Zealand's \"X Factor\" show. She has also coached NZ Silver Scroll winner Lips, Six60 and actress Robyn Malcolm. Dickinson was hired in 2011 by Universal Music to coach Ella Yellich-OConnor (who would later adopt the stage name Lorde) twice a week while she was signed to their label on a development deal.", "Vocal coach  A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a \"voice teacher\"). Vocal coaches may give private music lessons or group workshops or masterclasses to singers. They may also coach singers who are rehearsing on stage, or who are singing during a recording session. Vocal coaches are used in both Classical music and in popular music styles such as rock and gospel. While some vocal coaches provide a range of instruction on singing techniques, others specialize in areas such as breathing techniques or diction and pronunciation. A vocal coach is sometimes responsible for writing and producing vocal arrangements for four-part harmony for backup vocalists or helping to develop counter melodies for a secondary vocalist. Some vocal coaches may also advise singers or bands on lyric-writing for a music production. Some critics allege that in some cases where popular music recordings credit a singer for work as a vocal coach during a recording, this may be a subtle way of acknowledging a ghostwriting role, in which the coach writes lyrics for a singer-songwriter or rapper. In the 2000s, the increasing use of recording software which contains vocal processing algorithms and digital pitch correction devices is replacing some of the roles of the vocal coach. In the 1970s, if a producer wanted to record a single with a popular sports star with few vocal skills, the celebrity would need weeks of vocal coaching to learn their song and improve their tone and diction. In the 2000s, the vocals are often processed through pitch correction software instead, and rhythm can be corrected with Pro Tools.", "In May 2009, Lorde and musician friend Louis McDonald won the Belmont Intermediate School annual talent show as a duo. On 13 August 2009, Lorde and McDonald were invited in for a chat on Jim Mora's Afternoons show on Radio New Zealand. There, they performed covers of Pixie Lott's \"Mama Do (Uh Oh, Uh Oh)\" and Kings of Leon's \"Use Somebody\". McDonald's father Ian sent both his home audio recording of her and Louis McDonald covering Duffy's song \"Warwick Avenue\" and his home video recording of the pair singing Pixie Lott's \"Mama Do\" to Universal Music Group (UMG)'s A&R Scott Maclachlan. In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development. Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme; the band placed third in the North Shore Battle of the Bands finals at the Bruce Mason Centre, Takapuna, Auckland on 18 November 2009. In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis as a duet called \"Ella & Louis\", playing at The Leigh Sawmill Cafe on 15 August, at Roasted Addiqtion Cafe in Kingsland on 20 August, at The Vic Unplugged at Victoria Theatre, Devonport on 27 October, and at Devonstock in Devonport on 12 December. While working on her music career, she attended Takapuna Grammar School from 2010 to 2013, completing Year twelve. She later chose not to return in 2014 to finish Year thirteen. In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons twice a week for a year. During this time, she began writing songs and was set up with a succession of songwriters, but without success. At the age of fourteen, Lorde started reading short fiction and learned how to \"put words together\"."], "answer": {"text": "At the age of fourteen, Lorde started reading short fiction and learned how to \"put words together\".", "answer_start": 1559}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she released album in 2010 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2011 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she need a vocal coach ?", "answer": {"text": "singing lessons", "answer_start": 1406, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Frances Dickson to her ?", "answer": {"text": "vocal coach", "answer_start": 1362, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is the vocal coach still working with her ?", "answer": {"text": "singing lessons twice a week for a year.", "answer_start": 1406, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23779b61c9fd4fa2b4cc627bd56a2586_1_q#9", "question": "What High School did she graduated from ?", "rewrite": "What High School did Lorde graduated from ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lorde understands the \u201ccosmetic\u201d focus of the Reach for Recovery program as part of a general problem of sexism and racism. She also speaks of the possibilities of alternative medicine, arguing that women should be afforded the space to look at all options, and negotiate treatment and healing on their own terms. \"The Cancer Journals\" touches on themes that were prominent in Lorde's life. In describing her identity as a multitude of labels, black, lesbian, feminist mother and poet, Lorde seeks to intertwine her battle with cancer into her identity. \u201cI have cancer, I am a black feminist poet. How am I going to do this now?\u201d she asks and seeks to answer through her writing. Lorde touches on feminist ideals when she combats the societal notion of what a woman should look like and what her body looks like post mastectomy. Lorde states \u201ca kindly woman\u201d attempted to give her \u201ca soft sleep bra and a wad of lambswool pressed into a pale pink breast-shaped pad\u201d. The message is clear: the absent breast must be made up for somehow, such that Lorde's one-breasted deviation from the ideal female form is never visible. By embracing her one breast, Lorde avoids denial and persists beyond the impending victimization sick women receive. Lorde works to challenge the notion of femininity in cancer survivors. Other prominent works by Audre Lorde include: \"Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches\", a prose work in which Lorde focuses on the importance of communication between marginalized groups in society. In this work, Lorde pushes the idea of uniting these groups by finding common ground in their trials and tribulations. \"\" (1982) is an autobiographical novel in which Lorde delves into discovering her identity and self-awareness.", "According to scholar Anh Hua, Lorde turns female abjection \u2013 menstruation, female sexuality, and female incest with the mother \u2013 into powerful scenes of female relationship and connection, thus subverting patriarchal heterosexist culture. With such a strong ideology and open-mindedness, Lorde's impact on lesbian society is also significant. An attendee of a 1978 reading of Lorde's essay \"Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power\" says: \"She asked if all the lesbians in the room would please stand. Almost the entire audience rose. \" Lorde donated some of her manuscripts and personal papers to the Lesbian Herstory Archives. The Callen-Lorde Community Health Center is an organization in New York City named for Michael Callen and Lorde, which is dedicated to providing medical health care to the city's LGBT population without regard to ability to pay. Callen-Lorde is the only primary care center in New York City created specifically to serve the LGBT community. The Audre Lorde Project, founded in 1994, is a Brooklyn-based organization for LGBT people of color. The organization concentrates on community organizing and radical nonviolent activism around progressive issues within New York City, especially relating to LGBT communities, AIDS and HIV activism, pro-immigrant activism, prison reform, and organizing among youth of color. The Audre Lorde Award is an annual literary award presented by Publishing Triangle to honor works of lesbian poetry, first presented in 2001. In 2014 Lorde was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display in Chicago, Illinois that celebrates LGBT history and people. For their first match of March 2019, the women of the United States women's national soccer team each wore a jersey with the name of a woman they were honoring on the back; Megan Rapinoe chose the name of Lorde.", "Coal (book) Coal is a collection of poetry by Audre Lorde, published in 1976. It was Lorde's first collection to be released by a major publisher. Lorde's poetry in \"Coal\" explored themes related to the several layers of her identity as a \"Black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.\" \"Coal\" consists of five sections. While Audre Lorde presents poems that express each part of her identity, race undoubtedly plays a significant role in \"Coal\". A major theme within the volume is Lorde's angry reaction towards racism. For Lorde, expressing anger was not destructive. Instead, Lorde transforms \"rage at racism into triumphant self-assertion. \" She specifically dedicates the book \"To the People of Sun, That We May All Better Understand.\" In addition, another significant part of the volume explores her existence as a lesbian, friend, and a former lover, specifically in the fourth section that consists of one long poem titled \"Martha\" that outlines the recovery of Lorde's former lover after a car accident. The volume's namesake comes from a poem in the first section titled \"Coal\". It is written in free-verse and first-person. The idea of an identity consisting of several layers is exemplified in this poem. One's true identity is often hidden behind several muddled layers. Lorde alludes toward this concept by her recurrent use of the dual imagery of a piece of coal and a diamond. As the speaker of the poem, Lorde begins by equating herself with a piece of coal. The array of topics and nuances that are explored in Lorde's poems pertain to her own multifaceted-ness, signifying her status as \"a self-styled \"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet. \"", "The Love Club EP The Love Club EP is the debut extended play (EP) by New Zealand singer Lorde. At the age of 12, she was discovered by Universal Music Group scout Scott MacLachlan, and began writing songs. In December 2011, MacLachlan paired Lorde with producer Joel Little, and within three weeks, the pair had co-written and produced all 5 songs on the EP. In November 2012, Lorde self-released the EP for free download via SoundCloud. On 8 March 2013 the record was commercially released by Universal Music Group and Virgin Records. An indie rock-influenced electronica album, \"The Love Club EP\" was well received by music critics, who praised its production and compared its style to works by Sky Ferreira, Florence and the Machine and Lana Del Rey. The release peaked at number two in New Zealand and Australia, and was certified platinum and nonuple platinum in those two countries respectively. In the US, the record charted at number twenty-three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and have sold 60,000 copies as of August 2013. To promote \"The Love Club EP\", Lorde performed during various concerts, and \"Royals\" was released as a single. Lorde was discovered by A&R representative Scott MacLachlan of Universal Music Group (UMG) at the age of 12, when MacLachlan saw footage of Lorde performing at a school talent show in Auckland, New Zealand. At the age of 13, Lorde started writing songs herself. MacLachlan unsuccessfully tried to set up Lorde with several songwriters and producers to help her with production. Ultimately, he paired Lorde with Joel Little in December 2011, when she had just turned 15. Little was impressed by Lorde's vocal performance and songwriting abilities, and he built songs with musical structures based on Lorde's lyrics.", "Scott Maclachlan, an A&R executive of Universal Music Group (UMG), discovered Lorde upon witnessing her performance at her school talent show when she was 12. Maclachlan subsequently signed Lorde to UMG for development and paired her up with Joel Little, a songwriter and record producer. In December 2011, the pair finished their first collaborative effort, a five-track extended play (EP) titled \"The Love Club\". Lorde then self-released the EP for free download via her SoundCloud account in November 2012. Upon completion of \"The Love Club\", Lorde and Little quickly collaborated again, initially planning to release another EP. The pair recorded materials at Little's Golden Age Studios in Morningside and started writing \"Tennis Court\" in January 2013. They also recorded several additional tracks and ultimately decided to work on a full-length studio album instead. Little acted as the song's sole producer, using audio software Pro Tools. Songwriting for \"Tennis Court\" was different from how Lorde usually writes songs; by and large, she would have a lyric forming before going into the studio to record. For this song, Little and Lorde first wrote the music and the beat, and the lyrics were built on the instant instrumental. Speaking to \"Billboard\" in November 2013, Little appreciated Lorde's developed songwriting skills on \"Tennis Court\", for which Lorde wrote the melody and the whole chorus, praising her as \"an amazing songwriter\". On 7 June 2013, Universal Music Group released \"Tennis Court\" for digital download as Lorde's second single following \"Royals\" in Australia and New Zealand, where Lorde's cover of The Replacements' 1985 song \"Swingin Party\" serves as the B-side. On the same day, an EP of the same name was released digitally throughout Europe."], "answer": {"text": "Takapuna Grammar School from 2010 to 2013, completing Year twelve. She later chose not to return in 2014 to finish Year thirteen.", "answer_start": 1213}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What popular song was released by Lorde in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2009 Maclachlan signed her to UMG for development.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour in 2009 ?", "answer": {"text": "Lorde was also part of the Belmont Intermediate School band Extreme;", "answer_start": 645, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she released album in 2010 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2010 Lorde and McDonald performed covers live on a regular basis", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2011 ?", "answer": {"text": "In 2011, UMG hired vocal coach Frances Dickinson to give Lorde singing lessons", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she need a vocal coach ?", "answer": {"text": "singing lessons", "answer_start": 1406, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Frances Dickson to her ?", "answer": {"text": "vocal coach", "answer_start": 1362, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is the vocal coach still working with her ?", "answer": {"text": "singing lessons twice a week for a year.", "answer_start": 1406, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do anything else between 2009 -20011 ?", "answer": {"text": "At the age of fourteen, Lorde started reading short fiction and learned how to \"put words together\".", "answer_start": 1559, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a89228b8fb1f4262a9e155fe77ab8ceb_0_q#0", "question": "When did Manorialism first appear?", "rewrite": "When did Manorialism first appear?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In most of Western Europe, later marriage and higher rates of definitive celibacy (the so-called \"European marriage pattern\") helped to constrain patriarchy at its most extreme level. The rise of Christianity and manorialism had both created incentives to keep families nuclear and thus the age of marriage increased; the Western Church instituted marriage laws and practices that undermined large kinship groups. From as early as the 4th century, the Church discouraged any practice that enlarged the family, like adoption, polygamy, taking concubines, divorce, and remarriage. The Church severely discouraged and prohibited consanguineous marriages, a marriage pattern that has constituted a means to maintain clans (and thus their power) throughout history. The church also forbade marriages in which the bride did not clearly agree to the union. After the Fall of Rome, manorialism also helped to weaken the ties of kinship and thus the power of clans; as early as the 9th century in Austrasia, families that worked on manors were small, consisting of parents and children and occasionally a grandparent. The Church and state had become allies in erasing the solidarity and thus the political power of the clans; the Church sought to replace traditional religion, whose vehicle was the kin group, and substituting the authority of the elders of the kin group with that of a religious elder; at the same time, the king's rule was undermined by revolts on the part of the most powerful kin groups, clans or sections, whose conspiracies and murders threatened the power of the state and also the demand of manorial lords for obedient, compliant workers.", "Muscovite manorialism The development of feudal society in the region of Rus' took a different course to that in Western Europe. In particular, under the version of manorialism practised in Rus', knights granted land by a prince were not bound in allegiance to that prince; and instead of serfdom much of the land was worked by a partially free peasant class (\"smerd\"). In consequence, there was no strong central monarchy able to resist invasions by the Poles, Norsemen, Tatars and Mongols. A strong central power emerged only later, particularly under Ivan III of Russia, which defeated the invaders, unified the territory of Rus', and laid claim to large areas of land. At the end of the first millennium AD, Europe was experiencing the full effects of the order and advances in social structure begun during the early Middle Ages; however, the structure and development(s) characterising medieval European society were not found beyond the Carpathian Mountains, and the region of Rus' remained as a disordered regionalist \"state\". The early development of feudal society in the absence of a strong central government helped the European states overcome the harshness experienced in the Dark Ages by enabling the creation of strong governments. In Western Europe, a manorial (economic)/feudal (political) system was created, culminating in the full development of feudal society spreading across Europe and to England; a society which divided land, top to bottom, from the monarch to his immediate trustee or vassal, to the peasant or serf, who worked the fiefs in tribute, in return for protection from invaders. This symbiotic system created the first central governments throughout Christendom since the fall of Rome. The history of Eastern Europe, Rus' in particular, was different.", "The basis of the latifundia in Spain and Sicily was the \"ager publicus\" that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. In the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the largely self-sufficient villa-system of the latifundia remained among the few political-cultural centres of a fragmented Europe. These latifundia had been of great importance economically, until the long-distance shipping of wine and oil, grain and \"garum\" disintegrated, but extensive lands controlled in a single pair of hands still constituted \"power\": it can be argued that the latifundia formed part of the economic basis of the European social feudal system, taking the form of Manorialism, the essential element of feudal society, and the organizing principle of rural economy in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: \"primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a capitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent. \" The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the \"Rittergut\" manors of Junkers remained until World War II.", "The church also clipped the ability of parents to retain kinship ties through arranged marriages by forbidding unions in which the bride did not clearly agree to the union. These rules were not necessarily followed unanimously nor did all cultures across Europe evolve toward nuclear families, but by the latter half of the Middle Ages the nuclear household was dominant over most of Northwestern Europe and where in the old indigenous religions, women married between 12 and 15 years of age (coinciding with puberty) and men married in their middle twenties, as Christianity expanded men married increasingly earlier and women married increasingly later The rise of manorialism in the vacuum left after the Fall of Rome might also have weakened the ties of kinship at the same time that the Church had curtailed the power of clans; as early as the 800s in northern France, families that worked on manors were small, consisting of parents and children and occasionally a grandparent. The Church and State had become allies in erasing the solidarity and thus the political power of the clans; the Church sought to replace traditional religion, whose vehicle was the kin group, and substituting the authority of the elders of the kin group with that of a religious elder, the presbyteros. At the same time, the king's rule was undermined by revolts on the part of powerful, communal kin groups, whose conspiracies and murders threatened the power of the state and, once manorialism had become established, also threatened the demand of manorial lords for obedient, compliant workers; in the west, manorialism was unsuccessful in establishing itself in Frisia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the East of England, and the south of Iberia and Italy.", "The top of the Artinskian (the base of the Kungurian) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Neostreptognathodus pnevi\" and \"Neostreptognathodus exculptus\" first appear. The base of the Kungurian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Neostreptognathodus pnevi\" and \"Neostreptognathodus exculptus\" first appear. The top of the Kungurian (the base of the Roadian and the Guadalupian series) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella nanginkensis\" first appear. The Kungurian contains three conodont biozones: The base of the Roadian is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella nankingensis\" first appears. The top of the Roadian (the base of the Wordian stage) is at the first appearance of fossils of \"Jinogondolella aserrata\". The base of the Wordian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella aserrata\" first appear. The top of the Wordian (the base of the Capitanian stage) is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where \"Jinogondolella postserrata\" first appears. The base of the Capitanian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of \"Jinogondolella postserrata\" first appear."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a89228b8fb1f4262a9e155fe77ab8ceb_0_q#1", "question": "Who used manorialism?", "rewrite": "Who initially used Manorialism?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The basis of the latifundia in Spain and Sicily was the \"ager publicus\" that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. In the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the largely self-sufficient villa-system of the latifundia remained among the few political-cultural centres of a fragmented Europe. These latifundia had been of great importance economically, until the long-distance shipping of wine and oil, grain and \"garum\" disintegrated, but extensive lands controlled in a single pair of hands still constituted \"power\": it can be argued that the latifundia formed part of the economic basis of the European social feudal system, taking the form of Manorialism, the essential element of feudal society, and the organizing principle of rural economy in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: \"primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a capitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent. \" The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the \"Rittergut\" manors of Junkers remained until World War II.", "Just as Danai and Nid are crossing a small river bridge back to Thailand, they come under attack again by Tulay, who, though injured, was waiting under the water just upstream to ambush them. However, then SLORC troops show up and shoot Tulay. The SLORC colonel says he has made a deal with Tweepong for Somsak, and orders Danai to drop his weapons. Tulay, though, is not yet dead. He floats downstream under the bridge and fatally shoots the colonel. Somsak then runs back towards Myanmar, but Nid still has her pistol. She hands it to Danai, who then shoots Somsak in the back to death. Towards the end of the film, the title track to the film, \"Salween\" is performed over scenes of the Salween River by Yuanyong Opakul singer of the popular Pleng phua cheewit (\"songs for life\") band, Carabao, rhapsodizing the river and the people that live along it. \"Salween\" was also entitled \"Gunman 2\" (, or \"Mue puen 2\") as a followup to Chatrichalerm's 1983 film, \"Gunman\". However, aside from the presence of Sorapong Chatree, who starred in the earlier film, as well as Ron Rittichai, the stories and characters of the two films have no relation, so \"Salween\" is a sequel to \"Gunman\" in name only. A DVD of the film was released in Thailand on an all-region PAL disc with English subtitles by the Mangpong video retail chain.", "The church also clipped the ability of parents to retain kinship ties through arranged marriages by forbidding unions in which the bride did not clearly agree to the union. These rules were not necessarily followed unanimously nor did all cultures across Europe evolve toward nuclear families, but by the latter half of the Middle Ages the nuclear household was dominant over most of Northwestern Europe and where in the old indigenous religions, women married between 12 and 15 years of age (coinciding with puberty) and men married in their middle twenties, as Christianity expanded men married increasingly earlier and women married increasingly later The rise of manorialism in the vacuum left after the Fall of Rome might also have weakened the ties of kinship at the same time that the Church had curtailed the power of clans; as early as the 800s in northern France, families that worked on manors were small, consisting of parents and children and occasionally a grandparent. The Church and State had become allies in erasing the solidarity and thus the political power of the clans; the Church sought to replace traditional religion, whose vehicle was the kin group, and substituting the authority of the elders of the kin group with that of a religious elder, the presbyteros. At the same time, the king's rule was undermined by revolts on the part of powerful, communal kin groups, whose conspiracies and murders threatened the power of the state and, once manorialism had become established, also threatened the demand of manorial lords for obedient, compliant workers; in the west, manorialism was unsuccessful in establishing itself in Frisia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the East of England, and the south of Iberia and Italy.", "Tulay (EP) Tulay (; stylized as TULAy) is a five-track EP by Filipino rapper Gloc-9. It is Gloc-9's third EP after \"Limang Kanta Lang\" and \"Rotonda.", "Danai at first orders Ram to turn the Karen back, but after seeing the helicopter gunship decimate the Karen, he relents, even growing so frustrated as to fire upon the helicopter, which then fires back. However, nothing more comes of this incident. But there is more drama in store, as Somsak discovers his wife having an affair. She accuses Somsak of being a homosexual, and Somsak grows enraged. His wife pulls out a gun, and Somsak tries to take it from her, shooting her in the process. She escapes and drives to the police station, where she dies after saying Somsak had shot her. Somsak is now a fugitive, hiding in Myanmar. Danai at first believes he must go through proper channels to extradite Somsak, but Ram convinces him otherwise, and they take a party into Myanmar to get Somsak back by force. Somsak's father makes a deal with the KNLA to give them Stinger missiles in exchange for saving his son. Tulay and his men sneak up on Danai's party at night, but let them live in exchange for saving their lives during the earlier incident at the river. Danai tells Tulay that Somsak had committed murder and must be brought back to Thailand for trial. \"This is Kawthoolei. Thai laws have no meaning here,\" Tulay replies. The next morning, the Karen attack. Ram is fatally shot, but he is able to get off a shot that injures Tulay. Danai and the survivors, including Ram's daughter, take Somsak and head back to Thailand."], "answer": {"text": "Charlemagne's province of Septimania in the south of France,", "answer_start": 157}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Manorialism first appear?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a89228b8fb1f4262a9e155fe77ab8ceb_0_q#2", "question": "How long did they use it for?", "rewrite": "How long did the province of Septimania use Manorialism for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Umayyad invasion of Gaul The Umayyad invasion of Gaul occurred in two phases in 720 and 732. Although the Muslim Umayyads secured control of Septimania, their incursions beyond this into the Loire and Rh\u00f4ne valleys failed. By 759 they had lost Septimania to the Christian Franks. The invasion of Gaul was a continuation of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania into the region of Septimania, the last remnant of the Visigothic Kingdom north of the Pyrenees. After the fall of Narbonne, the capital of the Visigothic rump state, in 720, Umayyad armies composed of Arabs and Berbers turned north against Aquitaine. Their advance was stopped at the Battle of Toulouse in 721, but they sporadically raided southern Gaul as far as Avignon, Lyon and Autun. A major Umayyad raid directed at Tours was defeated in the Battle of Tours in 732. After 732, the Franks asserted their authority in Aquitaine and Burgundy, but only in 759 did they manage to take the Mediterranean region of Septimania, due to Muslim neglect and local Gothic disaffection. By 716, under the pressure of the Umayyad Caliphate from the south, the Kingdom of the Visigoths had been rapidly reduced to the province of Narbonensis (Septimania), a region which corresponds approximately to the modern Languedoc-Roussillon. In 713 the Visigoths of Septimania elected Ardo as king. He ruled from Narbonne. In 717, the Umayyads under al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi crossed the Pyrenees for the first time on a reconnaissance mission. The following campaign of conquest in Septimania lasted three years.", "Septimania  Septimania (, ; , ; , ) is a historical region in modern-day south of France. It referred to the western part of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed to the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. Under the Visigoths it was known as simply Gallia or Narbonensis. Septimania territory roughly corresponds with the former administrative region of Languedoc-Roussillon that merged into the new administrative region of Occitanie. Septimania passed briefly to the Emirate of C\u00f3rdoba, which had been expanding from the south during the eighth century before its subsequent conquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia or the Gothic March (\"Marca Gothica\"). Septimania became a march of the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia down to the thirteenth century, though it was culturally and politically autonomous from northern France based central royal government. The region was under the influence of the people from the count territories of Toulouse, Provence, and ancient County of Barcelona. It was part of the wider cultural and linguistic region comprising the southern third of France known as Occitania. This area was finally brought under effective control of the French kings in the early 13th century as a result of the Albigensian Crusade after which it was assigned governors. From the end of the thirteenth century Septimania evolved into the royal province of Languedoc. The name \"Septimania\" may derive from part of the Roman name of the city of B\u00e9ziers, \"Colonia Julia Septimanorum Beaterrae\", which in turn alludes to the settlement of veterans of the Roman VII Legion in the city.", "The region of Roussillon was taken by the Franks in 760. Pepin then diverted northwest to Aquitaine, so triggering the war against Waifer of Aquitaine. Albi, Rouergue, G\u00e9vaudan and the city of Toulouse were conquered. In 777 the wali of Barcelona, Sulayman al-Arabi, and the wali of Huesca Abu Taur, offered their submission to Charlemagne and also the submission of Husayn, wali of Zaragoza. When Charlemagne invaded the Upper March in 778, Husayn refused allegiance and he had to retire. In the Pyrenees, the Basques defeated his forces in Roncesvalles (August 15, 778). The Frankish king found Septimania and the borderlands so devastated and depopulated by warfare, with the inhabitants hiding among the mountains, that he made grants of land that were some of the earliest identifiable fiefs to Visigothic and other refugees. Charlemagne also founded several monasteries in Septimania, around which the people gathered for protection. Beyond Septimania to the south Charlemagne established the Spanish Marches in the borderlands of his empire. The territory passed to Louis, king in Aquitaine, but it was governed by Frankish margraves and then dukes (from 817) of Septimania. The Frankish noble Bernat of Septimania was the ruler of these lands from 826 to 832. His career (he was beheaded in 844) characterized the turbulent 9th century in Septimania. His appointment as Count of Barcelona in 826 occasioned a general uprising of the Catalan lords (Bellonids) at this intrusion of Frankish power over the lands of \"Gothia\". For suppressing Berenguer of Toulouse and the Catalans, Louis the Pious rewarded Bernat with a series of counties, which roughly delimit 9th century", "the Pyrenees and Theudis made his capital in Barcelona. In the Visigothic kingdom, which became centred on Toledo by the end of the reign of Leovigild, the province of Gallia Narbonensis, usually shortened to just Gallia or Narbonensis and never called Septimania, was both an administrative province of the central royal government and an ecclesiastical province whose metropolitan was the Archbishop of Narbonne. Originally, the Goths may have maintained their hold on the Albigeois, but if so it was conquered by the time of Chilperic I. There is archaeological evidence that some enclaves of Visigothic population remained in Frankish Gaul, near the Septimanian border, after 507. The province of Gallia held a unique place in the Visigothic kingdom, as it was the only province outside of Iberia, north of the Pyrenees, and bordering a strong foreign nation, in this case the Franks. The kings after Alaric II favoured Narbonne as a capital, but twice (611 and 531) were defeated and forced back to Barcelona by the Franks before Theudis moved the capital there permanently. Under Theodoric Septimania had been safe from Frankish assault, but was raided by Childebert I twice (531 and 541). When Liuva I succeeded the throne in 568, Septimania was a dangerous frontier province and Iberia was wracked by revolts. Liuva granted Iberia to his son Leovigild and took Septimania to himself. During the revolt of Hermenegild (583\u2013585) against his father Leovigild, Septimania was invaded by Guntram, King of Burgundy, possible in support of Hermenegild's revolt, since the latter was married to his niece Ingundis.", "Their production has been dated to either the 5th, 6th, or 7th century, with the second of these being considered the most likely today. However, if they were made in the 5th century, while both Aquitaine and Septimani were in Visigothic hands, their existence provides no evidence for a cultural osmosis across the Gothic-Frankish frontier. A unique style of orange pottery was common in the 4th and 5th centuries in southern Gaul, but the later (6th century) examples culled from Septimania are more orange than their cousins from Aquitaine and Provence and are not found commonly outside of Septimania, a strong indicator that there was little commerce over the frontier or at its ports. In fact, Septimania helped to isolate both Aquitaine and Iberia from the rest of the Mediterranean world. Coinage of the Visigothic kingdom of Hispania did not circulate in Gaul outside of Septimania and Frankish coinage did not circulate in the Visigothic kingdom, including Septimania. If there had been a significant amount of commerce over the frontier, the monies paid had to have been melted down immediately and re-minted as foreign coins have not been preserved across the frontier. The Arabs, under Al-Samh ibn Malik, the governor-general of al-Andalus, sweeping up the Iberian peninsula, by 719 overran Septimania; al-Samh set up his capital from 720 at Narbonne, which the Moors called \"Arbuna\", offering the still largely Arianist Christian inhabitants generous terms and quickly pacifying the other cities. Following the conquest, al-Andalus was divided into five administrative areas, roughly corresponding to present Andalusia, Galicia and Lusitania, Castile and L\u00e9on, Aragon and Catalonia, and the ancient province of Septimania."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Manorialism first appear?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who used manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "Charlemagne's province of Septimania in the south of France,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a89228b8fb1f4262a9e155fe77ab8ceb_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the initial use of Manorialism by the province of Septimania, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Septimania  Septimania (, ; , ; , ) is a historical region in modern-day south of France. It referred to the western part of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed to the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. Under the Visigoths it was known as simply Gallia or Narbonensis. Septimania territory roughly corresponds with the former administrative region of Languedoc-Roussillon that merged into the new administrative region of Occitanie. Septimania passed briefly to the Emirate of C\u00f3rdoba, which had been expanding from the south during the eighth century before its subsequent conquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia or the Gothic March (\"Marca Gothica\"). Septimania became a march of the Carolingian Empire and then West Francia down to the thirteenth century, though it was culturally and politically autonomous from northern France based central royal government. The region was under the influence of the people from the count territories of Toulouse, Provence, and ancient County of Barcelona. It was part of the wider cultural and linguistic region comprising the southern third of France known as Occitania. This area was finally brought under effective control of the French kings in the early 13th century as a result of the Albigensian Crusade after which it was assigned governors. From the end of the thirteenth century Septimania evolved into the royal province of Languedoc. The name \"Septimania\" may derive from part of the Roman name of the city of B\u00e9ziers, \"Colonia Julia Septimanorum Beaterrae\", which in turn alludes to the settlement of veterans of the Roman VII Legion in the city.", "Timeline of Septimania Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462. It passed briefly to the Emirate of C\u00f3rdoba in the eighth century before its reconquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia. This article presents a timeline of its history. The Moors, under Al-Samh ibn Malik the governor-general of al-Andalus swept up the Iberian peninsula. Septimania became known as Gothia after the reign of Charlemagne. It retained these two names while it was ruled by the counts of Toulouse during early part of the Middle Ages, but the southern part became more familiar as Roussillon and the west became known as Foix, and the name \"Gothia\" (along with the older name \"Septimania\") faded away during the 10th century, except as a traditional designation as the region fractured into smaller feudal entities, which sometimes retained Carolingian titles, but lost their Carolingian character, as the culture of Septimania evolved into the culture of Languedoc.", "the Pyrenees and Theudis made his capital in Barcelona. In the Visigothic kingdom, which became centred on Toledo by the end of the reign of Leovigild, the province of Gallia Narbonensis, usually shortened to just Gallia or Narbonensis and never called Septimania, was both an administrative province of the central royal government and an ecclesiastical province whose metropolitan was the Archbishop of Narbonne. Originally, the Goths may have maintained their hold on the Albigeois, but if so it was conquered by the time of Chilperic I. There is archaeological evidence that some enclaves of Visigothic population remained in Frankish Gaul, near the Septimanian border, after 507. The province of Gallia held a unique place in the Visigothic kingdom, as it was the only province outside of Iberia, north of the Pyrenees, and bordering a strong foreign nation, in this case the Franks. The kings after Alaric II favoured Narbonne as a capital, but twice (611 and 531) were defeated and forced back to Barcelona by the Franks before Theudis moved the capital there permanently. Under Theodoric Septimania had been safe from Frankish assault, but was raided by Childebert I twice (531 and 541). When Liuva I succeeded the throne in 568, Septimania was a dangerous frontier province and Iberia was wracked by revolts. Liuva granted Iberia to his son Leovigild and took Septimania to himself. During the revolt of Hermenegild (583\u2013585) against his father Leovigild, Septimania was invaded by Guntram, King of Burgundy, possible in support of Hermenegild's revolt, since the latter was married to his niece Ingundis.", "Umayyad invasion of Gaul The Umayyad invasion of Gaul occurred in two phases in 720 and 732. Although the Muslim Umayyads secured control of Septimania, their incursions beyond this into the Loire and Rh\u00f4ne valleys failed. By 759 they had lost Septimania to the Christian Franks. The invasion of Gaul was a continuation of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania into the region of Septimania, the last remnant of the Visigothic Kingdom north of the Pyrenees. After the fall of Narbonne, the capital of the Visigothic rump state, in 720, Umayyad armies composed of Arabs and Berbers turned north against Aquitaine. Their advance was stopped at the Battle of Toulouse in 721, but they sporadically raided southern Gaul as far as Avignon, Lyon and Autun. A major Umayyad raid directed at Tours was defeated in the Battle of Tours in 732. After 732, the Franks asserted their authority in Aquitaine and Burgundy, but only in 759 did they manage to take the Mediterranean region of Septimania, due to Muslim neglect and local Gothic disaffection. By 716, under the pressure of the Umayyad Caliphate from the south, the Kingdom of the Visigoths had been rapidly reduced to the province of Narbonensis (Septimania), a region which corresponds approximately to the modern Languedoc-Roussillon. In 713 the Visigoths of Septimania elected Ardo as king. He ruled from Narbonne. In 717, the Umayyads under al-Hurr ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Thaqafi crossed the Pyrenees for the first time on a reconnaissance mission. The following campaign of conquest in Septimania lasted three years.", "Their production has been dated to either the 5th, 6th, or 7th century, with the second of these being considered the most likely today. However, if they were made in the 5th century, while both Aquitaine and Septimani were in Visigothic hands, their existence provides no evidence for a cultural osmosis across the Gothic-Frankish frontier. A unique style of orange pottery was common in the 4th and 5th centuries in southern Gaul, but the later (6th century) examples culled from Septimania are more orange than their cousins from Aquitaine and Provence and are not found commonly outside of Septimania, a strong indicator that there was little commerce over the frontier or at its ports. In fact, Septimania helped to isolate both Aquitaine and Iberia from the rest of the Mediterranean world. Coinage of the Visigothic kingdom of Hispania did not circulate in Gaul outside of Septimania and Frankish coinage did not circulate in the Visigothic kingdom, including Septimania. If there had been a significant amount of commerce over the frontier, the monies paid had to have been melted down immediately and re-minted as foreign coins have not been preserved across the frontier. The Arabs, under Al-Samh ibn Malik, the governor-general of al-Andalus, sweeping up the Iberian peninsula, by 719 overran Septimania; al-Samh set up his capital from 720 at Narbonne, which the Moors called \"Arbuna\", offering the still largely Arianist Christian inhabitants generous terms and quickly pacifying the other cities. Following the conquest, al-Andalus was divided into five administrative areas, roughly corresponding to present Andalusia, Galicia and Lusitania, Castile and L\u00e9on, Aragon and Catalonia, and the ancient province of Septimania."], "answer": {"text": "the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context.", "answer_start": 493}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Manorialism first appear?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who used manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "Charlemagne's province of Septimania in the south of France,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How long did they use it for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a89228b8fb1f4262a9e155fe77ab8ceb_0_q#4", "question": "When was this word adopted?", "rewrite": "When was the word Manorialism adopted?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Khalihenna Ould Errachid Khalihenna Ould Errachid (, name also transliterated from Arabic as Khalihenna Wald Al Rasheed and other variations) is the Sahrawi chairman of the Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs (CORCAS), a Moroccan government body active in the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara. A member of an influential family in the Reguibat tribe, Khalihenna Ould Errachid was appointed by the Spanish government to head the Sahrawi National Union Party (PUNS) in 1974. The PUNS, which had been created with the approval of the Spanish authorities, was the only legal political party in Spanish Sahara (also in the whole Spain, except the ruling Falange movement) in the 1974-75 period, had been created to counter the territorial claims from neighbours Morocco and Mauritania, as well as the indigenous independence movement headed by the Polisario Front, created in 1973. It initially advocated autonomy for the territory under continued Spanish colonial rule, but, as the Spanish position evolved, the party and its leader, Khalihenna Ould Errachid, started demanding independence \"in association\" with Spain, proclaiming themselves completely opposed to Moroccan and Mauritanian designs on the territory. In April 1975, during a press conference in Paris, Ould Errachid stated:  During the United Nations visiting mission to Spanish Sahara in May\u2013June 1975, and before the Madrid Agreement, Khalihenna Ould Errachid fled from El Aai\u00fan to Las Palmas, and then take another plane to Morocco. Few days after, on May 19, Khalihenna Ould Errachid declared his allegiance to the King of Morocco in Fez.", "In 2008, the head of CORCAS and former leader of the PUNS Khalihenna Ould Errachid declared:  In an interview with the independent Moroccan weekly magazine \"Le Journal Hebdomadaire\", CORCAS member El Houcine Ba\u00efda and alleged former victim of human rights abuses by the Polisario, and head of the Association of Sahrawi Victims of Repression in the Tindouf Camps, as chairman of the Human Rights Commission within CORCAS, complained about the lack of tackling human rights issues, and about the way CORCAS President Khalihenna Ould Errachid runs the Council. In his opinion, the country's actions in the Western Sahara were alienating Sahrawis, and thus could push more youth towards what he defined as \"separatism\". He further claimed that most of the organization's members were allowed no knowledge of the government's autonomy plan - that they were supposedly responsible for drafting - and that CORCAS chairman Khalihenna Ould Errachid runs the council's affairs despotically, like \"a new Franco\".", "After the departure of the Spanish in 1975, which caused the dissolution of the PUNS, Khalihenna Ould Errachid became a defender of Morocco's annexation of the former colony, and a figurehead for the Moroccan government's rule in the Western Sahara. There are nine vice-presidents: Khaddad El Moussaoui, Hassan Derham, Abdelaziz Abba, Omar Bouida, Ali Salem Chegaf, Othmane Ila, Hassana Cherif, Breika Zerouali and Kaltoum Khayate. CORCAS set up five commissions, envisaged by its statutes, The mandate of the Council expired on March 25, 2010, never renewed. The CORCAS leadership travels extensively and is regularly featured in the Moroccan press. Its chairman, Khalihenna Ould Errachid, regularly attends meetings in foreign forums, such as the UN, where the Sahara question is discussed. Among others, the CORCAS President has met with the President of the People's Republic of China, the former French foreign minister, and various other international officials . The chairman of CORCAS and the Secretary General, Dr Maouelainin Maoulainin, are the spokesman of the Moroccan delegation in Manhasset talks under the supervision of the personal envoy of the Secretary General of the UN.", "The basis of the latifundia in Spain and Sicily was the \"ager publicus\" that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. In the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the largely self-sufficient villa-system of the latifundia remained among the few political-cultural centres of a fragmented Europe. These latifundia had been of great importance economically, until the long-distance shipping of wine and oil, grain and \"garum\" disintegrated, but extensive lands controlled in a single pair of hands still constituted \"power\": it can be argued that the latifundia formed part of the economic basis of the European social feudal system, taking the form of Manorialism, the essential element of feudal society, and the organizing principle of rural economy in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: \"primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a capitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent. \" The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the \"Rittergut\" manors of Junkers remained until World War II.", "Several sources claimed that he left Western Sahara with between 160,000 and 6,000,000 pesetas from the PUNS cash office. Under King Hassan II, he was appointed in 1977 as Minister of Saharan Affairs, and later as mayor (President of the Municipal Council) of El-Aaiun from 1983 until 2006, when he was succeeded by his brother, Moulay Hamdi Ould Errachid. He was viewed as very close to the King's right-hand man, the minister of interior Driss Basri, who held responsibility for the Saharan territories, where Polisario waged a guerrilla war against Morocco until the 1991 cease-fire (still in effect, pending final resolution of the conflict). Following the death of Hassan in 1999, and the dismissal of Basri by the new king Muhammad VI a few years later, Khelli Henna\u2019s political career seemed to be over.transl. In 2006, King Mohammed VI created the CORCAS to promote autonomy as an alternative to the referendum that was agreed by both parts in the Settlement Plan. As head of the royal organ, Khalihenna Ould Errachid made a public comeback, and has featured prominently in Moroccan diplomacy. He is seen by the Moroccan government as an independent Sahrawi leader opposed to the Polisario Front independence movement, and its longtime leader Mohamed Abdelaziz. Khalihenna Ould Errachid considers the Polisario Front as an obstacle to a peaceful solution due to what he saw as deep dependency on Algeria. The Polisario refuses to deal with him . In 2008, the Casablanca-based newspaper \"Al Yarida Al Ula\" publisher the transcription of 2005 Rachid's declaration to the Equity and Reconciliation Commission:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Manorialism first appear?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who used manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "Charlemagne's province of Septimania in the south of France,", "answer_start": 157, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How long did they use it for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context.", "answer_start": 493, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9631ee33fb164241b64d739afc2161f9_1_q#0", "question": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "rewrite": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Alban McCoy Alban McCoy OFM Conv is a British Catholic writer and priest. McCoy is the author of \"An Intelligent Person's Guide to Christian Ethics\" (2004) and \"An Intelligent Person's Guide to Catholicism\" (2005, new ed. 2008). Since 1995, he has been the Religious Books Editor of The Tablet. Until 2013, he was the Catholic chaplain to the University of Cambridge. He is now Acting Dean, Praelector and Second Bursar of St Edmund's College, Cambridge.", "A third issue is the problem of \"experience\" (or \"phenomenology\"): If two people see the same thing, do they have the same experience? Or are there things \"inside their head\" (called \"qualia\") that can be different from person to person? Neurobiologists believe all these problems will be solved as we begin to identify the neural correlates of consciousness: the actual relationship between the machinery in our heads and its collective properties; such as the mind, experience and understanding. Some of the harshest critics of artificial intelligence agree that the brain is just a machine, and that consciousness and intelligence are the result of physical processes in the brain. The difficult philosophical question is this: can a computer program, running on a digital machine that shuffles the binary digits of zero and one, duplicate the ability of the neurons to create minds, with mental states (like understanding or perceiving), and ultimately, the experience of consciousness? John Searle asks us to consider a thought experiment: suppose we have written a computer program that passes the Turing test and demonstrates general intelligent action. Suppose, specifically that the program can converse in fluent Chinese. Write the program on 3x5 cards and give them to an ordinary person who does not speak Chinese. Lock the person into a room and have him follow the instructions on the cards. He will copy out Chinese characters and pass them in and out of the room through a slot. From the outside, it will appear that the Chinese room contains a fully intelligent person who speaks Chinese. The question is this: is there anyone (or anything) in the room that understands Chinese? That is, is there anything that has the mental state of understanding, or which has conscious awareness of what is being discussed in Chinese? The man is clearly not aware. The room cannot be aware. The \"cards\" certainly aren't aware.", "Citizens have to know clearly what they want. Our people are shameless. How many directions do we have on earth? Ten. But they will move in any direction they want without bothering about decency and meaning. Seventy million people will talk about seventy million solutions to the same problem.\" Khaleque Biswas is a highly intelligent person. He can condemn the government of Sheikh Mujib in the most attacking manner, and he can also protect it with confidence and evidence, which makes him unreliable as a character. He is also an extremely arrogant person, who believes the world belongs to only those who can think, speak and prosper. In Chapter 13 of Book 2, he says: \"It is not mandatory... that a society must have people who are vile and who rear filthiness instead of grit and ambition... All the able and intelligent men in the country, people who are creative and do not surrender to the demands of hungry stomachs, should rush to this camp at this very moment to burn these tents down, to peel the skin off these shameless human animals. Sheikh Mujib should pass the necessary orders to his militiamen to dig a deep trench to bury all the faint-hearted people alive, thus ushering in a new era for the intelligent to grow up with beautiful minds, and help advance this country. It does not matter how many unfit ones are buried to nurture the fit ones; those who cannot fight for a sustainable existence should perish without mercy.\" Nur Hussain may refer to real-life Bangladeshi protester Nur Hossain, who is most widely known for his opposition to the autocratic government of Hussain Muhammad Ershad. On 10 November 1987, he was shot dead by the police before the General Post Office building in Dhaka.", "An Intelligent Person's Guide to Atheism An Intelligent Person's Guide to Atheism is the first book by Daniel Harbour, an Oxford maths and philosophy graduate, who at the time of writing was working for a PhD in linguistics at MIT. Rather than a history of atheism, as the title may suggest, the book is a guide to why (according to the author) atheism is superior to theism and why the (a)theist discussion is important. According to Harbour, atheism is \"the plausible and probably correct belief that God does not exist\", while theism is \"the implausible and probably incorrect belief that God does exist\", and anyone who cares about the truth should be an atheist. Harbour makes his case on the basis of two fundamental worldviews which he labels the Spartan Meritocracy and the Baroque Monarchy. Worldviews are the ways in which we look at and try to explain the world around us; as a result, the validity of our worldviews is extremely important because it determines the validity and reasonableness of our beliefs. The Spartan Meritocracy makes minimal assumptions, that are subject to criticism and possible revision, when trying to explain the world - focusing more upon a proper method of inquiry than on reaching any particular or prejudicial conclusions. The Baroque Monarchy, however, relies upon elaborate dogmatic assumptions in the absence of any evidence \u2014 assumptions which are placed beyond question, critique or revision. Harbour spends little time directly comparing atheism and theism; rather, he compares these two opposing worldviews and argues that the Spartan Meritocracy is more plausible, more reasonable, and helps make the world a better place to live. Thus, anyone who cares about the truth should be inclined to adopt it rather than blind obedience to dogmatism as in the Baroque Monarchy.", "In a 2016 interview with Resident Advisor, Sean Booth of Autechre said that, All these things about us being \"intelligent\" and the term \"IDM\" are just silly. I'm not a particularly intelligent person, me. I'm diligent, I'm pretty hardworking, but I'm not that clever. I ain't got any qualifications, I just pick up stuff that I think is interesting at the time... There was also the \"Artificial Intelligence\" tag that Warp coined, but to me as a listener that never seemed to be saying \"this is more intelligent. \" It was just a signifier of it being sci-fi music... Thing is, almost all the artists on that first AI compilation are just like us, they were regular kids, they're not intelligent people particularly. Richard [D. James] is a fucking blagger, Richie Hawtin too... I don't know how the fuck he gets away with the things he does!"], "answer": {"text": "The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant", "answer_start": 1036}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9631ee33fb164241b64d739afc2161f9_1_q#1", "question": "What makes him brilliant?", "rewrite": "What makes the Master brilliant?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["At the same time, several recent PhDs were added to the program; they included Robert Cromley (Ohio State), Justin Friberg (Syracuse), Hank Bullamore (Iowa), and Jim Hufferd (Minnesota). The department was authorized to conduct a national search for a new chair, and Stan Brunn (Ohio State) was appointed chair, moving from Michigan State University in 1980. During the next several years, the department experienced growth in a number of areas, including bringing in new faculty members. Some came on tenure lines, others as temporary, especially during tight budget times, and still others replacing those who moved elsewhere. The temporary faculty played important roles in the department's instruction, research and service missions. They included Percy Dougherty (Boston), George Hepner (Arizona State), Susan Macey (Illinois), Susan Trussler-Black (Penn State), and Jacqueline Pryce-Harvey (Tennessee). Lizbeth Pyle (Minnesota) was the first woman employed on a tenure stream line; she joined the department in 1983. Carl Amrhein (SUNY Buffalo) was in the department for two years in the mid-1980s. John Paul Jones III (Ohio State), Graham Rowles (Clark), and John Watkins (Colorado) also came in the mid-1980s to bolster the department's strengths in human geography. A number of faculty, including Ulack, Watkins, Raitz, and Brunn, worked with faculty in the College of Education; they offered summer classes for teachers and worked with other professional geographers in the state, with teachers in the Kentucky Geographic Alliance (associated with the National Geographic Society) and with staff in the state's Department of Education. Brunn and Raitz also served as State Geographer.", "The management turned almost in despair to Egerton, whose success proved to be conspicuous. Helen Macgregor in Pocock's \"Rob Roy Macgregor, or Auld Lang Syne\", 12 March 1818, followed. Her services having been dispensed with at Covent Garden, she played (13 January 1819), at the Surrey Theatre, Madge Wildfire in Thomas Dibdin's \"The Heart of Midlothian, or the Lily of St. Leonard's\", and subsequently Young Norval in John Home's \"Douglas\", played as a melodrama. In 1819\u20131820 she appeared at Drury Lane, then under R. W. Elliston's management, as Meg Merrilies, playing during this and the following seasons in tragedy and melodrama, and even in comedy. She was the Queen to Edmund Kean's Hamlet, and appeared as Clementina Allspice in Thomas Morton's \"The Way to Get Married\", Volumnia in \"Coriolanus\", Jane de Monfort in the alteration of Joanna Baillie's \"De Monfort\", brought forward for Kean 27 November 1821, Alicia in Nicholas Rowe's \"Jane Shore\", and many other characters. When in 1821 her husband took on Sadler's Wells, she appeared with conspicuous success as Joan of Arc in Edward Fitzball's drama of that name. Subsequently she played in melodrama at the Olympic Theatre, also under her husband's management. Soon after Daniel Egerton's death in 1835 she retired from the stage, accepting a pension from the Covent Garden Fund. She died at Chelsea on 3 August 1847, and was buried on 7 August in Chelsea churchyard.", "Common cudweed Common cudweed is a common name for several plants and may refer to:", "In the 1980s, the expanding congregation meant that a larger building was deemed necessary, in order to accommodate all the activities that started up during this time. The result was the building of the wrap-around narthex at the west end of the building, designed by Robert Magure & Keith Murray Architects, containing increased office space, more toilet facilities and improved kitchen and meeting room facilities. The size of the congregation at the start of the 21st century demanded extra space for church activities and meetings, with a range of possibilities considered \u2013 including digging a crypt basement beneath the nave, buying adjacent properties, and building on land to the south of the main building. The last of these was eventually chosen, with the new (temporary) rooms called \"Southside\". In late 2013, the PCC approved the removal of Southside in favour of a new, enlarged extension on the site. Building work commenced in 2014, with the funds necessary for the construction being raised solely through church members. The extension was designed by the architects MEB, and constructed by Beards. On most Sundays there are four services, each with a different focus and format, ranging from formal to contemporary \u2013 these are at 08:00 (BCP two Sundays a month , Common Worship the rest of the month), 09:30 (family service, with groups for children and young people \u2013 all-age worship is held on the first Sunday), 11:15 (more formal Morning Worship, with robed clergy and a small choir) and 18:00 (more contemporary, lively service, with a worship band). As well as giving church members Bible teaching and Christian fellowship St Andrew's has ministries outside its walls, with outreach and charitable work locally in the parish and in estates elsewhere in Oxford as well as internationally, with support for missionaries around the World.", "Successful treatment focuses on the prevention and progression on the condition and modifies the current habit/s instigating the condition. If the cause of abrasion is due to habitual behaviours, the discontinuation and change of habit is critical in the prevention of further tooth loss. The correct brushing technique is pivotal and involves a gentle scrub technique with small horizontal movements with an extra-soft/soft bristle brush. Excessive lateral force can be corrected by holding the toothbrush in a pen grasp or by using the non-dominant hand to brush. If abrasion is the result of an ill-fitting dental appliance, this should be corrected or replaced by a dental practitioner and should not be attempted in a home setting. The current selection of dentifrice should also be critically analysed and changed to include a less abrasive and gentler paste such as sensitive toothpaste as evidence suggests that a very abrasive toothpaste would lead to loss of tooth structure. A toothpaste containing increased fluoride will also help combat the increased sensitivity and risk to dental decay. Fluoride varnish is known to alleviate hypersensitivity in teeth and can be used as a preventive measure for high risk patients of dental erosion with abrasion because fluoride varnish is reported to have an effect on the surface and subsurface of the tooth. Treatment in the dental chair may include a fluoride application or the placement of a restoration in more severe cases. If the lesion is small and confined to enamel or cementum, a restoration is not warranted, instead the eradication of rough edges should occur to reduce plaque retentive properties. However, in the case of dental decay, aesthetic concerns or defects close to the pulp a restoration may be completed."], "answer": {"text": "Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time.", "answer_start": 1367}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "answer": {"text": "The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant", "answer_start": 1036, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_9631ee33fb164241b64d739afc2161f9_1_q#2", "question": "Was he liked by others?", "rewrite": "Was Delgado liked by others except the Tenth Doctor's admiration?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In trying to compensate for the presence of three Doctors who utilise different console rooms, the Tenth Doctor's TARDIS console briefly changes to the War Doctor's console room, seen again later in the episode, before settling on the Eleventh's. The Tenth Doctor comments upon the Eleventh Doctor's TARDIS console, \"Oh you've redecorated! I don't like it\", a line originally used by the Second Doctor speaking to the Third in \"The Three Doctors\" and later reused by the Second and Eleventh Doctors respectively in \"The Five Doctors\" and \"Closing Time\" (2011). One of the War Doctor's final lines of dialogue prior to regenerating is \"...wearing a bit thin\", echoing some of the First Doctor's final words prior to regenerating at the end of \"The Tenth Planet\" (1966), \"this old body of mine is wearing a bit thin\". The Moment\u2019s description of the TARDIS's sound as a \"wheezing, groaning sound\" is a reference to its frequent description in the Target novelisations. On 30 March 2013, a distribution error occurred, and many subscribers to \"Doctor Who Magazine\" received the issue five days before the official release date. The issue of the magazine included the official announcement that David Tennant and Billie Piper, who previously played the Tenth Doctor and Rose Tyler in \"Doctor Who\" respectively, were lined up to appear in the special, along with actor John Hurt. Moffat did not want to bring Rose the character back because he felt her story was wrapped up and did not feel comfortable adding to his predecessor Russell T Davies' arc. However, he liked the concept of bringing back her Bad Wolf persona and felt that Piper needed to be in the special as she symbolised the rebirth of \"Doctor Who\".", "His final words are, once again \"I don't want to go\" after being told that he will die on Trenzalore. David Tennant has also made numerous cameo appearances as The Doctor outside of \"Doctor Who\", frequently in spoof appearances. Singer and actress Charlotte Church spoofs \"Doctor Who\" alongside an actor playing the Tenth Doctor in her own \"The Charlotte Church Show\" (2006). In an appearance on \"The Friday Night Project\" in 2007, Tennant plays a female companion to the Tenth Doctor (Justin Lee Collins) on the Pink Planet, where they are confronted by the alien Gay Lord (Alan Carr). When the show became \"The Sunday Night Project\", Catherine Tate appeared in a skit playing the Tenth Doctor. Tennant starred opposite Catherine Tate in her own \"The Catherine Tate Show\" special (2007) as Lauren Cooper's (Tate) teacher Mr. Logan, who Cooper teases for his resemblance to The Doctor; eventually, he reveals himself to be the Tenth Doctor and shrinks Cooper into a 5\" Rose Tyler action figure. In the final episode of \"Extras\" (December 2007), a brief scene shows The Doctor and an unidentified Wren companion attacked by Schlong, a slug-like alien played by Andy Millman (Ricky Gervais). The Tenth Doctor is also featured in political satire; in a 2007 episode of \"Dead Ringers\", when faced by the question of Gordon Brown's succession, Tony Blair (impressionist Jon Culshaw) regenerates into David Tennant after promising \"New Labour is all about renewal\", later vowing 100 more years of power. Tennant modifies his first line in \"The Parting of the Ways\" (\"New teeth , that's weird\"), to \"New Labour", "However, the Master finds his human host to be unsustainable as the body slowly begins to degenerate, although the Master has the added abilities to spit an acid-like bile, both as a weapon and to mentally control victims as an alternative to his usual hypnotic abilities. The Master attempts to access the Eye of Harmony to steal the remaining regenerations of the Eighth Doctor (Paul McGann), but instead is sucked into it and supposedly killed. The Master and the Doctor are shown to have similar levels of intelligence, and were classmates at the Time Lord Academy on Gallifrey, where the Master outperformed the Doctor. A similar connection between the two was also referenced in The End of Time in which the Master reminisces with the Tenth Doctor about his father's estates on Gallifrey and his childhood with the Doctor before saying \"look at us now\". In the 2007 episode \"Utopia\", the Tenth Doctor calls the transformed and disguised Master a genius and shows admiration for his intellect before discovering his true identity. The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant\" and yet states that the Master could be more if he would just give up his desire for domination. The Twelfth Doctor states that Missy is \"the one person almost as smart as me\" (\"The Lie of the Land\"). Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time. His design is homage to the classic Svengali character: a black Nehru outfit with a beard and moustache. Aspects of Simm's portrayal of the Master parallel Tennant's Doctor, primarily in his ability to make light of tense situations and his rather quirky and hyperactive personality.", "The Tenth Doctor also appears extensively in comic books, replacing the Ninth Doctor in those published in \"Doctor Who Magazine\", and the younger-audience \"Doctor Who Adventures\" and \"\". American comic book publisher initially published a 2008 Tenth Doctor and Martha Jones miniseries between January and June 2006. This was later followed by a truly ongoing Tenth Doctor series in July 2009, set during the 2008\u20132010 specials and lasting sixteen issues before relaunching with the Eleventh Doctor. In stories set after \"Journey's End\", The Doctor is accompanied by numerous one-off and recurring companions who do not feature in the television series. Outside of \"Doctor Who\" literature, penciller Georges Jeanty includes a cameo of the Tenth Doctor and Rose in a panel of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight\" story arc \"No Future for You\". The Tenth Doctor was utilised in the American satirical political cartoon strip, \"This Modern World\". Arriving in 2003, the Doctor hints to Sparky the Wonder Penguin (the strip's main character) that in five years' time, the next President could be a black man, with the middle name Hussein, whose father was a Muslim, referring to the popularity of Senator Barack Obama in the 2008 Presidential election. The character also appeared in a story arc of the webcomic \"PvP\", in which character Brent Sienna hallucinates materialising in the TARDIS. As is the case with the BBC Books novels, the Tenth Doctor replaced the Ninth as the face of the \"Doctor Who\" audiobook series, beginning with \"Pest Control\" in May 2008 and ending with \"Dead Air\" in March 2010. The majority are read by David Tennant, save one read by Michelle Ryan and two by Catherine Tate.", "Time Crash \"Time Crash\" is a mini-episode of the British science fiction television series \" Doctor Who\". It was broadcast on 16 November 2007, as part of the BBC One telethon for the children's charity Children in Need. Written by Steven Moffat, it starred David Tennant and Peter Davison as the Doctor. The episode, set during the last scene of the previous episode \"Last of the Time Lords\", depicts a humorous encounter between the Doctor's fifth and tenth incarnations, played by Davison and Tennant respectively. \" Time Crash\" was praised by critics who reviewed the episode, and was a ratings success; it was the most-viewed show of the night, and briefly the most-viewed episode of \"Doctor Who\" since 2005, with 11 million viewers. The Tenth Doctor tries taking off, only for his time machine the TARDIS to spin wildly and sound an alarm. Checking out the systems, the Doctor passes his fifth incarnation doing the same thing. The Tenth Doctor recognises his past self and is overjoyed to see him, gently poking fun at his particular eccentricities. The Fifth Doctor is annoyed, believing his counterpart to be a fan who has broken into the TARDIS. The Doctors discover that the same TARDIS at different points in time have collided because the Tenth Doctor left his shields down. This creates a paradox that will cause a black hole strong enough to swallow the entire universe. The Tenth Doctor counters it with a supernova, a solution he remembers seeing himself perform in this same incident (a predestination paradox); the Fifth Doctor realises that the Tenth Doctor really is his future self. The Tenth Doctor reminisces as the Fifth Doctor begins to fade into a separate timeline. As the time streams split, the Fifth Doctor calls out, warning the Tenth to put his shields up."], "answer": {"text": "The Doctor reveals in this serial that the Master was once a \"very good friend\" of his.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "answer": {"text": "The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant", "answer_start": 1036, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What makes him brilliant?", "answer": {"text": "Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_9631ee33fb164241b64d739afc2161f9_1_q#3", "question": "What was his attitude?", "rewrite": "What was the Master's attitude?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The hierarchy of discriminating psychological functions gives each individual a dominant sensation, intuition, feeling, or thinking function preference with either an extroverted or introverted attitude. The dominant is quite under the control of the ego. But the inferior function remains a gateway for unconscious contents. This creates typical manifestations of inferior insight and behavior when extreme function one-sidedness accompanies the neurosis. Jung's theory of neurosis is based on a psyche that consists of tensions between various opposite attitudes in a self-regulating dynamic. The ego, being the center of consciousness, represents the coalescing attitude of consciousness. The ego's attitude is in tension with a complementary and balancing attitude in the unconscious. In appropriate circumstances the unconscious attitude can directly oppose the ego's attitude and produce all manner of neuroses. These situations arise when the conscious attitude has been unable to recognize and effectively integrate issues important to the attitude of the unconscious. \"It may perhaps seem odd that I should speak of an 'attitude of the unconscious.' As I have repeatedly indicated, I regard the attitude of the unconscious as compensatory to consciousness. According to this view, the unconscious has as good a claim to an \"attitude\" as the latter (Jung, [1921] 1971: par. 568). \" Jung started from Freud's and Adler's already developed and competing theories of neurosis. Both claimed universal applicability and rejected the other's. Jung saw both theories as valuable but limited in scope. As such, he used them at appropriate times. His attempt to reconcile his appreciation of each theory compelled Jung to investigate and incorporate psychological types into his theory. Jung considered Freud's \"Eros\" theory extroverted and Adler's power theory introverted.", "Attitude Pictures Ltd Attitude Pictures Ltd is a New Zealand television production company who specialise in programmes relating to disability. The company has a flagship television programme titled Attitude, which has screened weekly on TVNZ 1 since March 2005. The television series focuses on character-driven content relating to disability and chronic health conditions. At least 540 programmes have been screened. After almost a decade of following New Zealand Paralympians to international events, Attitude Pictures became the first production company to secure territory broadcast rights to a Paralympic event. Attitude secured the rights to the Sochi 2014 Paralympic Winter Games and livestreamed more than 50 hours of coverage via attitudelive.com. Attitude also broadcast coverage of the Glasgow 2015 IPC Swimming World Championships, and partnered with TVNZ to produce the Rio 2016 Paralympic Games. In 2010, Attitude Pictures was selected by Special Olympics in Washington DC to be the official documentary production company for the Special Olympics Unity Cup. Attitude made documentary content before, during and after the Unity Cup match at the FIFA World Cup in South Africa. Attitude Pictures is also a recognised partner of Special Olympics in New Zealand and has produced several documentaries about athletes both in a sporting and social context. In September 2013, Robyn Scott Vincent launched online broadcast platform, attitudelive.com. The site shows the company's catalogue of documentaries, ilvestreams events such as the Paralympics and the Special Olympics, provides information and resources relating to disability and enables people to connect to one another. Established in 2008, The Attitude Trust is a registered Charitable Trust created to promote public awareness and recognise achievements of people who live with disability. In 2014 the Trust's focus expanded to encourage partnerships and initiatives with other organisations encouraging integration of people with a disability into political, social, economic and cultural life. The Trust's flagship event is the Attitude Awards \u2013 a televised national celebration of achievements in the disability sector. The inaugural award ceremony was in 2008.", "A \"magnetometer\" is a device that senses magnetic field strength and, when used in a three-axis triad, magnetic field direction. As a spacecraft navigational aid, sensed field strength and direction is compared to a map of Earth's magnetic field stored in the memory of an on-board or ground-based guidance computer. If spacecraft position is known then attitude can be inferred. Before attitude control can be performed, the current attitude must be determined. Attitude cannot be measured directly by any single measurement, and so must be calculated (or estimated) from a set of measurements (often using different sensors). This can be done either statically (calculating the attitude using only the measurements currently available), or through the use of a statistical filter (most commonly, the Kalman filter) that statistically combine previous attitude estimates with current sensor measurements to obtain an optimal estimate of the current attitude. For some sensors and applications (such as spacecraft using magnetometers) the precise location must also be known. While pose estimation can be employed, for spacecraft it is usually sufficient to estimate the position (via Orbit determination) separate from the attitude estimation. For terrestrial vehicles and spacecraft operating near the earth, the advent of Satellite navigation systems allows for precise position knowledge to be obtained easily. This problem becomes more complicated for deep space vehicles, or terrestrial vehicles operating in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied environments (see Navigation). Static attitude estimation methods are solutions to Wahba's problem. Many solutions have been proposed, notably Davenport's q-method, QUEST, TRIAD, and singular value decomposition. Kalman filtering can be used to sequentially estimate the attitude, as well as the angular rate. Because attitude dynamics (combination of rigid body dynamics and attitude kinematics) are non-linear, a linear kalman filter is not sufficient.", "Attitude (psychology) In psychology, attitude is a psychological construct, a mental and emotional entity that inheres in, or characterizes a person. They are complex and are an acquired state through experiences. It is an individual's predisposed state of mind regarding a value and it is precipitated through a responsive expression towards a person, place, thing, or event (the attitude object) which in turn influences the individual's thought and action. Prominent psychologist Gordon Allport described this latent psychological construct as \"the most distinctive and indispensable concept in contemporary social psychology. \" Attitude can be formed from a person's past and present. Key topics in the study of attitudes include attitude strength, attitude change, consumer behavior, and attitude-behavior relationships. An attitude is an evaluation of an attitude object, ranging from extremely negative to extremely positive. Most contemporary perspectives on attitudes permit that people can also be conflicted or ambivalent toward an object by simultaneously holding both positive and negative attitudes toward the same object. This has led to some discussion of whether individual can hold multiple attitudes toward the same object. An attitude can be a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, events, activities, and ideas. It could be concrete, abstract or just about anything in your environment, but there is a debate about precise definitions. Eagly and Chaiken, for example, define an attitude as \"a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor. \" Though it is sometimes common to define an attitude as affect toward an object, affect (i.e., discrete emotions or overall arousal) is generally understood as an evaluative structure used to form attitude object. Attitude may influence the attention to attitude objects, the use of categories for encoding information and the interpretation, judgement and recall of attitude-relevant information.", "(i.e. a child's life depends on my donation). Stake may contribute to attitude-behavior consistency by inducing thoughts that support the attitude. This serves as the basis for future behavior. Stake may also strengthen the attitude-behavior relation by indirectly amplifying the awareness of stimuli associated with people's attitudes. Stake is the most powerful impression that comes from all the components of vested interest regarding attitude and behavior. Stake influences perceptions of attitude and action, but also of other action-relevant components as well. When stake is high, people also find the critical issue highly salient. Stake also affects the perception of immediacy. The greater the personal consequence of the issue , the more pressing the issue is perceived to be. Finally, stake was found to affect the perception of immediacy. The greater the personal consequence of the issue, the more pressing it was perceived to be. The phrases, \"the stakes are/were high\" or \"high stakes\", are used when issues of high salience or immediacy are raised, usually in regards to gambling or other high-risk activities involving vested interest. Salience refers to the perceiver's awareness of the effects of an attitude upon himself. In other words, the prominence of an issue, as perceived by an individual, shapes the strength of his resulting attitude. Salient attitudes have a greater effect directly on subsequent behavior. Linking this discovery to vested interest, the research concluded that the salience effect was heightened when the attitude had important personal outcomes for someone. When the consequences of the behavior issuing from an attitude are highly salient, attitude-behavior consistency increases. If consequences are not salient, the consistency of the effects of vested interest on attitude behavior will be dramatically reduced. For instance, two people may have negative attitudes towards living near a prison."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "answer": {"text": "The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant", "answer_start": 1036, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What makes him brilliant?", "answer": {"text": "Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was he liked by others?", "answer": {"text": "The Doctor reveals in this serial that the Master was once a \"very good friend\" of his.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9631ee33fb164241b64d739afc2161f9_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the Master and the Tenth Doctor's relationship?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["His final words are, once again \"I don't want to go\" after being told that he will die on Trenzalore. David Tennant has also made numerous cameo appearances as The Doctor outside of \"Doctor Who\", frequently in spoof appearances. Singer and actress Charlotte Church spoofs \"Doctor Who\" alongside an actor playing the Tenth Doctor in her own \"The Charlotte Church Show\" (2006). In an appearance on \"The Friday Night Project\" in 2007, Tennant plays a female companion to the Tenth Doctor (Justin Lee Collins) on the Pink Planet, where they are confronted by the alien Gay Lord (Alan Carr). When the show became \"The Sunday Night Project\", Catherine Tate appeared in a skit playing the Tenth Doctor. Tennant starred opposite Catherine Tate in her own \"The Catherine Tate Show\" special (2007) as Lauren Cooper's (Tate) teacher Mr. Logan, who Cooper teases for his resemblance to The Doctor; eventually, he reveals himself to be the Tenth Doctor and shrinks Cooper into a 5\" Rose Tyler action figure. In the final episode of \"Extras\" (December 2007), a brief scene shows The Doctor and an unidentified Wren companion attacked by Schlong, a slug-like alien played by Andy Millman (Ricky Gervais). The Tenth Doctor is also featured in political satire; in a 2007 episode of \"Dead Ringers\", when faced by the question of Gordon Brown's succession, Tony Blair (impressionist Jon Culshaw) regenerates into David Tennant after promising \"New Labour is all about renewal\", later vowing 100 more years of power. Tennant modifies his first line in \"The Parting of the Ways\" (\"New teeth , that's weird\"), to \"New Labour", "In the TARDISODE prequel to \"Rise of the Cybermen\", Ricky Smith is seen viewing a message sent to all the Preachers, again on his laptop. Mickey appears in one New Series Adventures novel alongside the Doctor and Rose, \"Winner Takes All\" (2005), and two Tenth Doctor novels, \"The Stone Rose\" and \"The Feast of the Drowned\". These novels are set before Mickey joins the Doctor and Rose as traveling companion in the episode \"School Reunion\". Mickey features as the centric character in the short story \"Taking Mickey\" from the \"Doctor Who Files\" series of hardbacks from BBC Children's Books. In Gareth Roberts' \"Doctor Who Magazine\" comic book story \"The Lodger\", the Tenth Doctor is forced to cohabit with Mickey; this story was later adapted into an Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith) episode of the same name, with Mickey's role supplanted by that of Craig Owens (James Corden). In the comic book story \"The Green-Eyed Monster\", Rose becomes jealous when Mickey appears to suddenly have several Amazonian girlfriends. It is later revealed that these were actors hired by the Doctor in his bid to defeat a creature that feeds on jealousy which had possessed Rose. In the ongoing Ninth Doctor comic series, an unconventional storyline sees Mickey Smith, from a time after he has witnessed the Tenth Doctor depart for his regeneration, forced to deal with mysterious events in San Francisco with the aid of the Ninth Doctor. During this storyline, Mickey takes care to prevent himself being seen by Rose or the Ninth Doctor witnessing his wife Martha, with it being implied that this sight of what Mickey would become influenced the Tenth Doctor's higher opinion of Mickey after his regeneration. In accepting the role Noel Clarke comments that he \"had to have a lot of faith\" in executive producers", "However, the Master finds his human host to be unsustainable as the body slowly begins to degenerate, although the Master has the added abilities to spit an acid-like bile, both as a weapon and to mentally control victims as an alternative to his usual hypnotic abilities. The Master attempts to access the Eye of Harmony to steal the remaining regenerations of the Eighth Doctor (Paul McGann), but instead is sucked into it and supposedly killed. The Master and the Doctor are shown to have similar levels of intelligence, and were classmates at the Time Lord Academy on Gallifrey, where the Master outperformed the Doctor. A similar connection between the two was also referenced in The End of Time in which the Master reminisces with the Tenth Doctor about his father's estates on Gallifrey and his childhood with the Doctor before saying \"look at us now\". In the 2007 episode \"Utopia\", the Tenth Doctor calls the transformed and disguised Master a genius and shows admiration for his intellect before discovering his true identity. The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant\" and yet states that the Master could be more if he would just give up his desire for domination. The Twelfth Doctor states that Missy is \"the one person almost as smart as me\" (\"The Lie of the Land\"). Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time. His design is homage to the classic Svengali character: a black Nehru outfit with a beard and moustache. Aspects of Simm's portrayal of the Master parallel Tennant's Doctor, primarily in his ability to make light of tense situations and his rather quirky and hyperactive personality.", "Time Crash \"Time Crash\" is a mini-episode of the British science fiction television series \" Doctor Who\". It was broadcast on 16 November 2007, as part of the BBC One telethon for the children's charity Children in Need. Written by Steven Moffat, it starred David Tennant and Peter Davison as the Doctor. The episode, set during the last scene of the previous episode \"Last of the Time Lords\", depicts a humorous encounter between the Doctor's fifth and tenth incarnations, played by Davison and Tennant respectively. \" Time Crash\" was praised by critics who reviewed the episode, and was a ratings success; it was the most-viewed show of the night, and briefly the most-viewed episode of \"Doctor Who\" since 2005, with 11 million viewers. The Tenth Doctor tries taking off, only for his time machine the TARDIS to spin wildly and sound an alarm. Checking out the systems, the Doctor passes his fifth incarnation doing the same thing. The Tenth Doctor recognises his past self and is overjoyed to see him, gently poking fun at his particular eccentricities. The Fifth Doctor is annoyed, believing his counterpart to be a fan who has broken into the TARDIS. The Doctors discover that the same TARDIS at different points in time have collided because the Tenth Doctor left his shields down. This creates a paradox that will cause a black hole strong enough to swallow the entire universe. The Tenth Doctor counters it with a supernova, a solution he remembers seeing himself perform in this same incident (a predestination paradox); the Fifth Doctor realises that the Tenth Doctor really is his future self. The Tenth Doctor reminisces as the Fifth Doctor begins to fade into a separate timeline. As the time streams split, the Fifth Doctor calls out, warning the Tenth to put his shields up.", "The Tenth Doctor also appears extensively in comic books, replacing the Ninth Doctor in those published in \"Doctor Who Magazine\", and the younger-audience \"Doctor Who Adventures\" and \"\". American comic book publisher initially published a 2008 Tenth Doctor and Martha Jones miniseries between January and June 2006. This was later followed by a truly ongoing Tenth Doctor series in July 2009, set during the 2008\u20132010 specials and lasting sixteen issues before relaunching with the Eleventh Doctor. In stories set after \"Journey's End\", The Doctor is accompanied by numerous one-off and recurring companions who do not feature in the television series. Outside of \"Doctor Who\" literature, penciller Georges Jeanty includes a cameo of the Tenth Doctor and Rose in a panel of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight\" story arc \"No Future for You\". The Tenth Doctor was utilised in the American satirical political cartoon strip, \"This Modern World\". Arriving in 2003, the Doctor hints to Sparky the Wonder Penguin (the strip's main character) that in five years' time, the next President could be a black man, with the middle name Hussein, whose father was a Muslim, referring to the popularity of Senator Barack Obama in the 2008 Presidential election. The character also appeared in a story arc of the webcomic \"PvP\", in which character Brent Sienna hallucinates materialising in the TARDIS. As is the case with the BBC Books novels, the Tenth Doctor replaced the Ninth as the face of the \"Doctor Who\" audiobook series, beginning with \"Pest Control\" in May 2008 and ending with \"Dead Air\" in March 2010. The majority are read by David Tennant, save one read by Michelle Ryan and two by Catherine Tate."], "answer": {"text": "The Master, played by Roger Delgado, makes his first appearance in Terror of the Autons (1971), where he allies with the Nestene Consciousness to help them invade Earth.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "answer": {"text": "The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant", "answer_start": 1036, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What makes him brilliant?", "answer": {"text": "Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was he liked by others?", "answer": {"text": "The Doctor reveals in this serial that the Master was once a \"very good friend\" of his.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was his attitude?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9631ee33fb164241b64d739afc2161f9_1_q#5", "question": "Did he become popular after that?", "rewrite": "Did the Master become popular after his first appearance in Terror of the Autons?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Nestenes subsequently returned in the first serial of Pertwee's second year as the Doctor, \"Terror of the Autons\", which also featured the introduction of the Master. In this attempt, the Nestenes also made use of more mundane, everyday plastic objects, animating plastic toys, inflatable chairs and artificial flowers in addition to their Auton servants. The Doctor convinced the Master that the Nestenes were too dangerous to be reliable allies, and they reversed the radio beam the invasion force was coming in on, sending it back into space. This would be The Nestenes and the Autons final appearance in Doctor Who's original run. They would not return again until the episode \"Rose\" in 2005. Early drafts of \"The Five Doctors\" (1983) featured a scene where Sarah Jane Smith encountered some Autons and is rescued by the Third Doctor, but it was dropped before filming for reasons of time and expense. A third appearance was planned for the aborted 1986 season during Colin Baker's tenure as the Doctor, but never materialized. Titled \"Yellow Fever and How to Cure It\", it was supposed to be set in Singapore, with appearances by the Rani and the Master. The story, which was to be scripted by veteran writer Robert Holmes, only exists in outline form. Although the Autons only appeared in two serials during the original television series run, they remain one of the more memorable monsters associated with the Jon Pertwee years as well as \"Doctor Who\" as a whole. The image of store mannequins coming to life in \"Spearhead from Space\", in full colour and shooting people down in the street, is one of the series' iconic moments, and is often cited as an example of the series' ability to make everyday things terrifying.", "In \"Synthespians\u2122\" by Craig Hinton, a far-future television station's artificial actors were not what they seemed. This novel also featured the Time Lords launching an assault on the Nestene homeworld Polymos, which may or may not be connected to the war mentioned in \"Rose\". In 2008, the Eighth Doctor and Lucie Miller encounter Autons in the audio \"Brave New Town\", these Autons being part of an old Soviet program to infiltrate Britain during the Cold War before the collapse of the Soviet Union left the Autons stuck in a loop in the fake British town created for the spies, eventually developing independence. A Tenth Doctor novel, \"Autonomy\", was released in September 2009 featuring the Autons. In the \"Doctor Who Annual 2006\", an article written by Russell T Davies mentions the loss of the Nestene Consciousness's planets during the Time War, and states that it \"found itself mutating under temporal stress\". This may be a reference to the difference between the portrayal of the Consciousness in \"Spearhead from Space\" and \"Rose\". In the late 1990s, BBV released a trilogy of made-for-video films, titled \"Auton\", \"Auton 2: Sentinel\" and \"Auton 3\". These stories featured UNIT battling the Consciousness. In the first film, a Nestene energy unit and several Autons captured by UNIT in \"Spearhead from Space\" are accidentally reactivated. In the sequels, the escaped Autons attempt to awaken several dormant Nestenes put in place since before the development of human civilization. Though BBV was licensed to use the Nestenes, Autons and UNIT by the writers who created them, as with all spin-off productions the canonicity of these films is unclear.", "Doctor Who (season 8) The eighth season of British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\" began on 2 January 1971 with \"Terror of the Autons\" and ended with \"The D\u00e6mons\" featuring Jon Pertwee as the Third Doctor. Jon Pertwee continues his role as the Third Doctor. Katy Manning makes her first appearance as companion Jo Grant in \"Terror of the Autons\". Nicholas Courtney and John Levene continue their roles of Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and Sergeant Benton, while Richard Franklin makes his first appearance as Captain Mike Yates. Roger Delgado makes his first appearance as The Master in \"Terror of the Autons\" and continues to make appearances in each of the five serials. Fernanda Marlowe makes appearances in \"The Mind of Evil\" and \"The Claws of Axos\" as Corporal Bell. The season marks the first appearance of the Master who goes on to make further appearances through the season in every serial as the main antagonist who is finally captured at the end of the season. \"Colony in Space\" was the first serial set away from Earth since \"The War Games\" at the end of Season 6, and came about as a result of producer Barry Letts' feeling that the Earthbound stories of the Doctor's exile were too limiting in terms of potential plotting. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The entire season was broadcast from 2 January to 19 June 1971.", "The use of even more ordinary objects in \"Terror of the Autons\"  \u2014 including the unmasking of a police officer as an Auton  \u2014 caused public controversy about whether the programme was too frightening for children. The story also featured in a discussion in the House of Lords, where Baroness Bacon expressed worries about it being too frightening even for older children. When the series was revived in 2005, producer and writer Russell T Davies chose the Autons as the first monster to be featured. The Nestenes infiltrated Earth once more, using warp shunt technology, in the opening episode of the 2005 series. In \"Rose\", it was revealed that the Nestenes lost their food supply in a war when their protein planets rotted. Their intent was to overthrow and destroy the human race, as Earth was ideal for their consumption needs, being filled with smoke, oil and various pollutants. They were eventually destroyed when Rose spilled a vial of the Doctor's \"anti-plastic\" solution into the vat of molten plastic which housed the main bulk of the Consciousness, causing it to explode. (The episode never mentioned \"Autons\" by name other than in the credits, but the Nestene Consciousness was specifically identified.) \"Rose\" also featured an Auton facsimile that could change the shape of its features and limbs, and established that the Nestenes animate the Autons by means of telepathic projection. When duplicated, the originals are kept alive to maintain the copy (this is also seen in \"Spearhead from Space\"). It is not yet clear if the war mentioned was also the motivation behind their earlier invasions or a recent development, but it is likely to be the Time War that is featured in subsequent episodes of the series. The Autons appeared in a segment of the 2006 series episode \"Love & Monsters\".", "The Nestene Consciousness activates all the Autons at a shopping arcade, where several shoppers are shot and killed, including Clive. The Doctor is also held down by a pair of Autons, but Rose rescues him and the anti-plastic drops into the vat where the Nestene Consciousness resides, killing it. With the Nestene Consciousness dead, the Autons all collapse. The Doctor uses the TARDIS to take Mickey and Rose home, then persuades Rose to join him as his new companion in the TARDIS. Both the Autons and the Nestene Consciousness first appeared in the serial \"Spearhead from Space\" (1970), then reappeared on-screen in \"Terror of the Autons\" (1971). \"Doctor Who\" originally ran from 1963 to 1989, when it was cancelled after its twenty-sixth season. Television producer Russell T Davies had been lobbying the BBC in an attempt to revive the show from the late 1990s, and reached the discussion phase in 2002. It was announced in September 2003 that Doctor Who was returning and would be produced by BBC Wales via a BBC press release. The format of the programme was changed to 45-minute episodes, lightening the pace. Davies was inspired by American series such as \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" and \"Smallville\", in particular by using \"Buffy\" structure of season-long story arcs around a \"Big Bad\" villain. It was announced in March 2004 that Christopher Eccleston would be playing the Doctor. Jane Tranter, BBC Controller of Drama Commissioning, stated that casting an actor of Eccleston's reputation signaled \"our intention to take \"Doctor Who\" into the 21st century, as well as retaining its core traditional values \u2014 to be surprising, edgy and eccentric. \" Eccleston is the ninth actor to play the Doctor since the programme started in 1963."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "answer": {"text": "The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant", "answer_start": 1036, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What makes him brilliant?", "answer": {"text": "Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was he liked by others?", "answer": {"text": "The Doctor reveals in this serial that the Master was once a \"very good friend\" of his.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was his attitude?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The Master, played by Roger Delgado, makes his first appearance in Terror of the Autons (1971), where he allies with the Nestene Consciousness to help them invade Earth.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9631ee33fb164241b64d739afc2161f9_1_q#6", "question": "Who created the master?", "rewrite": "Who created the master in this Article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Graduate School of Interpretation and Translation (GSIT) , Hankuk University of Foreign Studies is a postgraduate education institution affiliated with Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS), Seoul, South Korea, specializing in the education of professional conference interpreters and translators. Founded in 1979 in response to the growing demand for international language specialists, GSIT currently offers master's degree courses in interpretation/translation in eight different languages: English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese and Arabic. GSIT created the nation's first doctoral program in interpretation/translation in November 1999, to help stimulate research activities in the discipline, and has awarded 26 Ph.D. degrees as of 2012. It became the first Asian education institution to join CIUTI (Conf\u00e9rence Internationale Permanente d'Instituts Universitaires de Traducteurs et Interpr\u00e8tes) in 2004. Korean-English: Master of Translation, Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-French: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-German: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-Russian: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-Chinese: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-Japanese: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-Arabic: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-English-French: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-English-German: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-English-Russian: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-English-Spanish: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation Korean-English-Chinese: Master of Conference Interpretation, Master of Interpretation and Translation", "Main article: List of football clubs in Latvia 12 clubs are taking part in the 2018 First League season. Main article: List of football clubs in Lithuania Main article: List of football clubs in Luxembourg Main article: List of football clubs in Malta Main article: List of football clubs in Moldova Main article: List of football clubs in Montenegro   Main article: List of football clubs in the Netherlands   Main article: List of football clubs in Northern Ireland Main article: List of football clubs in Norway The following 16 clubs are competing in the OBOS-ligaen during the 2018 season, seven of which are located in Western Norway, six are from Eastern Norway, and one each are from Tr\u00f8ndelag, Southern Norway and north of the Arctic Circle:  Source: Main article: List of football clubs in Poland Main article: List of football clubs in Portugal Main article: List of football clubs in the Republic of Macedonia Main article: List of football clubs in Romania Main article: List of football clubs in Russia Main article: List of football clubs in Scotland Main article: List of football clubs in Serbia Main article: List of football clubs in Slovakia Main article: List of football clubs in Slovenia   Teams for 2019 season are Main article: List of football clubs in Spain Main article: List of football clubs in Sweden Main article: List of football clubs in Switzerland Main article: List of football clubs in Turkey Main article: List of football clubs in Ukraine Main article: List of football clubs in Wales", "List of senior officers of the British Army This is a list of senior officers of the British Army. See also Commander in Chief of the Forces, Chief of the General Staff, and Chief of the Imperial General Staff. See article on Commander-in-Chief of the Forces See article on Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom) See article on Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom) See article on Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom) The Vice Chiefs were as follows: See article on Deputy Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom) See article on Assistant Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom) See article on Adjutant-General to the Forces (Commander Home Command since 2016). See article on Quartermaster-General to the Forces See article on Master-General of the Ordnance See article on Commander-in-Chief, Land Forces (Commander since 2011, Commander Field Army since 2016) See article on Deputy Commander Field Army See article on Commander Regional Forces", "Except provided for in this Article, Government of Nepal may confer naturalized citizenship of Nepal according to Federal law. (9) Government of Nepal may confer honorary citizenship according to Federal law. (10) In case any area is annexed into Nepal by merger, the persons having domicile in such area shall be citizens of Nepal subject to a Federal law. 1. Right to Life of Dignity (Article 16)  2. Right to Freedom (Article 17)  3. Right to Equality (Article 18)  4. Right to Communication (Article 19)  5. Right regarding Justice (Article 20)  6. Right of the Victim of Crime (Article 21)  7. Right against Torture (Article 22) 8. Right against Preventive Detention (Article 23) 9. Right against Untouchability and Discrimination (Article 24)  10. Right to Property (Article 25)  11. Right to Religious Freedom (Article 26)  12. Right to Information (Article 27)  13. Right to Privacy (Article 28)  14. Right against Exploitation (Article 29)  15. Right to Fresh Environment (Article 30) 16. Right regarding Education (Article 31)  17. Right to Language and Culture (Article 32)  18. Right to Employment (Article 33)  19. Right to Labour (Article 34)  20. Right regarding Health (Article 35)  21. Right regarding Food (Article 36)  22. Right to Residence (Article 37)  23. Women's Rights (Article 38)  24. Children's Rights (Article 39)  25. Dalit's Rights (Article 40)  26. Senior Citizen's Rights (Article 41)  27. Right to Social Justice (Article 42)  28. Right to Social Security (Article 43) 29. Consumer's Rights (Article 44)  30. Right against Exile (Article 45)  31. Right to Constitutional Remedy (Article 46)", "Cartoons for Children's Rights  Cartoons for Children's Rights is the collection of animated shorts based on UNICEF\u2019s Convention on the Rights of the Child. In 1994, UNICEF held a summit encouraging animation studios around the world to create individual animated spots demonstrating the international rights of children. \"Children Have the Right to Protection From Abuse That Can Be Cruelty\", United Kingdom, Cosgrove Hall Films, Created by Benslifinio Bujar & Matt Selon & Burgiest Hugamin, Article 4 \"Children Have the Right to Survive and Develop to the Fullest\", Canada, National Film Board of Canada, Created by Bretislav Pojar, Article 6 \"Children Have the Right to Express Themselves\", USA, HBO Animation, Created by Eileen O'Meara, Produced by Catherine Winder, Music by John McCarthy, Article 12 \"Children Have the Right to Appropriate Information\", USA, Urban Design Inc, Directed by John Serpentelli, Article 13 \"Children Have the Right to Freedom of Conscience\", USA, Disney Feature Animation, Created by Hendel Butoy, Music by Pixote, Article 14 \"Children Have the Right to Freedom of Thought\", USA, MTV Animation, Created by Machi Tantillo, Music by Sweet Honey in the Rock, Article 14 \"Children Have the Right to Privacy\", Poland, Polish Television, Directed by Aleksandra Korejwo, Article 16 \"Children Have the Right to a Loving and Caring Family\", USA, Columbia Tri-Star Children's Programming, Directed by Bill Dennis and John Rice, Article 20 \"Children Have the Right to an Education\", Brazil, TV Futura, Directed by Caco Galhardo, Animated by Quinho, Article 28 \"Children Have the Right to Play\", USA, Sunbow Entertainment, Created by Ben Edlund and Christopher McCulloch, Article 31"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is the Master a very intelligent person?", "answer": {"text": "The Tenth Doctor further expresses admiration for the Master's intellect in The End of Time by calling him \"stone cold brilliant", "answer_start": 1036, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What makes him brilliant?", "answer": {"text": "Delgado's portrayal of the Master was that of a suave and charming sociopathic individual, able to be polite and murderous at almost the same time.", "answer_start": 1367, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "Was he liked by others?", "answer": {"text": "The Doctor reveals in this serial that the Master was once a \"very good friend\" of his.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was his attitude?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The Master, played by Roger Delgado, makes his first appearance in Terror of the Autons (1971), where he allies with the Nestene Consciousness to help them invade Earth.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he become popular after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1f05a7c45dee49439dd22e8c8d5de0f5_0_q#0", "question": "What is creationism?", "rewrite": "What is creationism?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Old Earth creationism Old Earth creationism is a form of creationism which includes gap creationism, progressive creationism, and theistic evolution. Old Earth creationism is typically more compatible with the scientific evidence on the issues of physics, chemistry, geology, and the age of the Earth, in contrast to young Earth creationism. Gap creationism is a form of old Earth creationism which posits the belief that the six-\"yom\" creation period, as described in the Book of Genesis, involved six literal 24-hour days, but that there was a gap of time between two distinct creations in the first and second verses of Genesis, which the theory states explains many scientific observations, including the age of the Earth. This view was popularized in 1909 by the Scofield Reference Bible. Progressive creationism is the religious belief that God created new forms of life gradually over a period of hundreds of millions of years. As a form of Old Earth creationism, it accepts mainstream geological and cosmological estimates for the age of the Earth, some tenets of biology such as microevolution as well as archaeology to make its case. In this view creation occurred in rapid bursts in which all \"kinds\" of plants and animals appear in stages lasting millions of years. The bursts are followed by periods of stasis or equilibrium to accommodate new arrivals. These bursts represent instances of God creating new types of organisms by divine intervention. As viewed from the archaeological record, progressive creationism holds that \"species do not gradually appear by the steady transformation of its ancestors; [but] appear all at once and \"fully formed. \" The view rejects macroevolution, claiming it is biologically untenable and not supported by the fossil record, and it rejects the concept of universal descent from a last universal common ancestor.", "Creationism Creationism is the religious belief that nature, and aspects such as the universe, Earth, life, and humans, originated with supernatural acts of divine creation. In its broadest sense, creationism includes a continuum of religious views,  which vary in their acceptance or rejection of scientific explanations such as evolution that describe the origin and development of natural phenomena. The term \"creationism\" most often refers to belief in special creation; the claim that the universe and lifeforms were created as they exist today by divine action, and that the only true explanations are those which are compatible with a Christian fundamentalist literal interpretation of the creation myths found in the Bible's Genesis creation narrative. Since the 1970s, the commonest form of this has been young Earth creationism which posits special creation of the universe and lifeforms within the last 10,000 years on the basis of Flood geology, and promotes pseudoscientific creation science. From the 18th century onwards, old Earth creationism accepted geological time harmonized with Genesis through gap or day-age theory, while supporting anti-evolution. Modern old-Earth creationists support progressive creationism and continue to reject evolutionary explanations. Following political controversy, creation science was reformulated as intelligent design and neo-creationism. Mainline Protestants and the Catholic Church reconcile modern science with their faith in Creation through forms of theistic evolution which hold that God purposefully created through the laws of nature, and accept evolution. Some groups call their belief evolutionary creationism. Less prominently, there are also members of the Islamic and Hindu faiths who are creationists. Use of the term \"creationist\" in this context dates back to Charles Darwin's unpublished 1842 sketch draft for what became \"On the Origin of Species\", and he used the term later in letters to colleagues.", "Gap creationism Gap creationism (also known as ruin-restoration creationism, restoration creationism, or \"the Gap Theory\") is a form of old Earth creationism that posits that the six-\"yom\" creation period, as described in the Book of Genesis, involved six literal 24-hour days (light being \"day\" and dark \"night\" as God specified), but that there was a gap of time between two distinct creations in the first and the second verses of Genesis, which the theory states explains many scientific observations, including the age of the Earth. It differs from day-age creationism, which posits that the 'days' of creation were much longer periods (of thousands or millions of years), and from young Earth creationism, which although it agrees concerning the six literal 24-hour days of creation, does not posit any gap of time. Gap creationism became increasingly attractive near the end of the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, because the newly established science of geology had determined that the Earth was far older than common interpretations of Genesis and the Bible-based flood geology would allow. Gap creation allowed religious geologists (who composed the majority of the geological community at the time) to reconcile their faith in the Bible with the new authority of science. According to the doctrine of natural theology, science was in this period considered a second revelation, God's word in nature as well as in Scripture, so the two could not contradict each other. From 1814, gap creationism was popularized by Thomas Chalmers, who attributed the concept to the 17th-century Dutch Arminian theologian Simon Episcopius. Chalmers became a divinity professor at the University of Edinburgh, founder of the Free Church of Scotland, and author of one of the \"Bridgewater Treatises\".", "Neo-creationism Neo-creationism is a pseudoscientific movement which aims to restate creationism in terms more likely to be well received by the public, by policy makers, by educators and by the scientific community. It aims to re-frame the debate over the origins of life in non-religious terms and without appeals to scripture. This comes in response to the 1987 ruling by the United States Supreme Court in \"Edwards v. Aguillard\" that creationism is an inherently religious concept and that advocating it as correct or accurate in public-school curricula violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. One of the principal claims of neo-creationism propounds that ostensibly objective orthodox science, with a foundation in naturalism, is actually a dogmatically atheistic religion. Its proponents argue that the scientific method excludes certain explanations of phenomena, particularly where they point towards supernatural elements, thus effectively excluding religious insight from contributing to understanding the universe. This leads to an open and often hostile opposition to what neo-creationists term \"Darwinism\", which they generally mean to refer to evolution, but which they may extend to include such concepts as abiogenesis, stellar evolution and the Big Bang theory. Notable neo-creationist organizations include the Discovery Institute and its Center for Science and Culture. Neo-creationists have yet to establish a recognized line of legitimate scientific research and lack scientific and academic legitimacy, even among many academics of evangelical Christian colleges. Eugenie C. Scott and other critics regard neo-creationism as the most successful form of irrationalism. The main form of neo-creationism is intelligent design. A second form, abrupt appearance theory, which claims that the first life and the universe appeared abruptly and that plants and animals appeared abruptly in complex form, has occasionally been postulated.", "Day-age creationism states that the \"six days\" of the Book of Genesis are not ordinary 24-hour days, but rather much longer periods (for instance, each \"day\" could be the equivalent of millions, or billions of years of human time). The physicist Gerald Schroeder is one such proponent of this view. This version of creationism often states that the Hebrew word \"y\u00f4m,\" in the context of Genesis 1, can be properly interpreted as \"age.\" Strictly speaking, day-age creationism is not so much a version of creationism as a hermeneutic option which may be combined with other versions of creationism such as progressive creationism. Progressive creationism holds that species have changed or evolved in a process continuously guided by God, with various ideas as to how the process operated\u2014though it is generally taken that God directly intervened in the natural order at key moments in Earth history. This view accepts most of modern physical science including the age of the Earth, but rejects much of modern evolutionary biology or looks to it for evidence that evolution by natural selection alone is incorrect. Organizations such as Reasons To Believe, founded by Hugh Ross, promote this version of creationism. Progressive creationism can be held in conjunction with hermeneutic approaches to the Genesis creation narrative such as the day-age creationism or framework/metaphoric/poetic views. Creation science, or initially scientific creationism, is a pseudoscience that emerged in the 1960s with proponents aiming to have young Earth creationist beliefs taught in school science classes as a counter to teaching of evolution."], "answer": {"text": "a religious belief that humanity,", "answer_start": 46}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1f05a7c45dee49439dd22e8c8d5de0f5_0_q#1", "question": "Did he write a book about creationism?", "rewrite": "Did Richard Dawkins write a book about creationism?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Political views of Richard Dawkins Richard Dawkins is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and writer. Dawkins himself has stated that his political views are left-leaning. However, many of Dawkins's political statements have created controversy even among left-wing and atheist communities. Before the mid-2000s, Dawkins usually voted for Labour Party candidates. The party has often been described as social democratic. In 2009 Dawkins participated in a \"New Statesman\" project called \"20 ways to save Labour\", in which 20 public figures, including Dawkins as well as Germaine Greer and John Pilger, among others gave suggestions about how to make the Labour Party better. Dawkins's contribution was as follows:  Starting in the mid-2000s, Dawkins has also voted and expressed support for the Liberal Democrats. Dawkins spoke at the party's conference in 2009 and publicly expressed his support then. At the conference, Dawkins strongly criticized the English libel laws, and the party revised its policy on the issue at the same conference. Dawkins also called for an alliance of all Liberal Democrats based on an agreement on electoral reform. Dawkins has argued for reform to the English defamation law, arguing that Simon Singh should have the right to criticise scientific claims made by the British Chiropractic Association. In 2009, he said \"I and many of my colleagues fear that if Simon loses it will have major implications on the freedom of scientists, researchers and other commentators to engage in robust criticism of scientific and pseudo-scientific work.\" The Defamation Act 2013 substantially reformed the law. In 2008, Dawkins pointed out major factual errors in The Atlas of Creation, such as images of fishing lures mislabeled as insects, and subsequently his website has been banned in Turkey and Pakistan.", "Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think Richard Dawkins: How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think is a festschrift of 25 essays written in recognition of the life and work of Richard Dawkins. It was published in 2006, to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the publication of \"The Selfish Gene\". A wide range of topics is covered from many fields including evolutionary biology, philosophy, and psychology. Space is also given to writers who are not in full agreement with Dawkins. The book is edited by two of Dawkins' former PhD students, Alan Grafen and Mark Ridley. ()  The reviews of the book have been mixed, but the controversial title phrase, \"How a Scientist Changed the Way We Think\" has been explained by considering Dawkins to have worked as an influential educator and concise author, of \"The Selfish Gene\", who promoted the key ideas of others about evolutionary biology, also including some controversial ideas which are not as widely accepted. As the author of a popular science book, Dawkins had popularized ideas by George Williams about group selection, William Hamilton on the theory of kin selection in evolution, biologist/geneticist John Maynard Smith on evolutionarily stable strategies, and Robert Trivers about reciprocal altruism and competition between siblings versus parent and child.", "Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life  Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life is a three-part television documentary presented by Richard Dawkins which explores what reason and science might offer in major events of human lives. He argues that ideas about the soul and the afterlife, of sin and God's purpose have shaped human thinking for thousands of years. He believes science can provide answers to some of these old questions we used to entrust to religion. Richard Dawkins was born on 26 March 1941. Richard is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford. Dawkins has written several books such as The Selfish Gene, The Extended Phenotype , In 2006 Dawkins also founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. Dawkins is an atheist and is well known for his criticism of creationism. Dawkins has been awarded many prestigious academic and writing awards and he makes regular television, radio and Internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, his atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual. First, Dawkins examines issues surrounding the notion of sin. He also explores the rituals that surround mating and the science of disgust and taboo. Dawkins tries to answer the question If we don't believe God is watching over us we abandon morality? Dawkins examines the case for religious morality by speaking with Ray Lewis. Ray Lewis helps run a school in Newham, East London which has been ravaged by gang violence and drugs. Workers like Lewis are trying a tough love approach inspired by Christianity. Dawkins disagrees with this approach and challenges Lewis by trying to use a more scientific approach. The scene ends with the two disagreeing. Dawkins then examines Sex where he goes to a class where men are learning to control their modern addictions through Christ and biblical teaching.", "Over Norton Park Over Norton Park is a farm of 210 acres (85 ha) at Over Norton, lying to the north of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England. It has been in the Dawkins family since the 1720s. Originally a larger country estate, it was inherited by John Dawkins (1915-2010), the father of the biologist Richard Dawkins, under whose management it became a single commercial farm which he farmed himself. The estate at Over Norton was bought in 1726 by James Dawkins (c. 1696\u20131766), the son of Colonel Richard Dawkins of Jamaica, and a Member of Parliament for . He was the uncle of Henry Dawkins the Younger (1728\u20131814), who inherited the property on his death. A Bodleian Library page comments on the build-up of Dawkins family holdings in the Chipping Norton area, including the purchase of Salford Manor by Henry Dawkins II. Down through the generations, Over Norton belonged to Henry Dawkins (1765\u20131852) (Henry Dawkins III), third son of Henry Dawkins; then Henry Dawkins (1788\u20131864) (Henry Dawkins IV) , both Members of Parliament for , then to William Gregory Dawkins (1825\u20131914), passing down to the eldest sons. William Gregory Dawkins replaced the Georgian mansion in 1874. By 1945 a much reduced estate was in the hands of his great-nephew Hereward Dawkins. The passing of Over Norton to another branch of the Dawkins family went back to the line of another son of Henry Dawkins III, Clinton George Augustus Dawkins (1808\u20131871). He was the great-grandfather of John Dawkins.", "Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (RDFRS or RDF) is a division of Center for Inquiry (CFI) founded by British biologist Richard Dawkins in 2006 to promote scientific literacy and secularism. Originally a non-profit based in Washington, D.C., the organization merged with CFI in 2016. After Richard Dawkins' success with the book \"The God Delusion\" , he created the foundation with its headquarters in the United States to work toward a world in which religion no longer interferes with the advance of science and in which people use their critical thinking skills to evaluate theist claims about the nature of reality. Dawkins complained of the difficulty he faced in gaining tax-free status, which he attributes to the secular nature of the organization. In contrast to the presumption by officials that religious organizations benefit humanity without evidence (for instance Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption), he points to a letter he received from the British Charity Commission requesting evidence for the claim that the advancement of science is connected to the public good. Theist author Marion Ledwig suggests that the foundation may have been set up as an atheist counterpart to the John Templeton Foundation, an organization which Dawkins has publicly criticized, especially in \"The God Delusion\", for corrupting science. In a TED talk prior to writing \"The God Delusion\", Dawkins had called for the need for an \"anti-Templeton\" to step up, saying that if his books sold better, he would take the initiative himself. Dawkins describes his foundation's purpose this way:\"Critical thinking is the real saviour of humankind. My foundation promotes respect for people who hold critical thinking as a cherished personal value and use it in day-to-day life."], "answer": {"text": "prominent critic of creationism,", "answer_start": 13}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is creationism?", "answer": {"text": "a religious belief that humanity,", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1f05a7c45dee49439dd22e8c8d5de0f5_0_q#2", "question": "Did Dawkins work with any other scientists?", "rewrite": "Did Richard Dawkins work together with other scientists?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Political views of Richard Dawkins Richard Dawkins is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and writer. Dawkins himself has stated that his political views are left-leaning. However, many of Dawkins's political statements have created controversy even among left-wing and atheist communities. Before the mid-2000s, Dawkins usually voted for Labour Party candidates. The party has often been described as social democratic. In 2009 Dawkins participated in a \"New Statesman\" project called \"20 ways to save Labour\", in which 20 public figures, including Dawkins as well as Germaine Greer and John Pilger, among others gave suggestions about how to make the Labour Party better. Dawkins's contribution was as follows:  Starting in the mid-2000s, Dawkins has also voted and expressed support for the Liberal Democrats. Dawkins spoke at the party's conference in 2009 and publicly expressed his support then. At the conference, Dawkins strongly criticized the English libel laws, and the party revised its policy on the issue at the same conference. Dawkins also called for an alliance of all Liberal Democrats based on an agreement on electoral reform. Dawkins has argued for reform to the English defamation law, arguing that Simon Singh should have the right to criticise scientific claims made by the British Chiropractic Association. In 2009, he said \"I and many of my colleagues fear that if Simon loses it will have major implications on the freedom of scientists, researchers and other commentators to engage in robust criticism of scientific and pseudo-scientific work.\" The Defamation Act 2013 substantially reformed the law. In 2008, Dawkins pointed out major factual errors in The Atlas of Creation, such as images of fishing lures mislabeled as insects, and subsequently his website has been banned in Turkey and Pakistan.", "Over Norton Park Over Norton Park is a farm of 210 acres (85 ha) at Over Norton, lying to the north of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England. It has been in the Dawkins family since the 1720s. Originally a larger country estate, it was inherited by John Dawkins (1915-2010), the father of the biologist Richard Dawkins, under whose management it became a single commercial farm which he farmed himself. The estate at Over Norton was bought in 1726 by James Dawkins (c. 1696\u20131766), the son of Colonel Richard Dawkins of Jamaica, and a Member of Parliament for . He was the uncle of Henry Dawkins the Younger (1728\u20131814), who inherited the property on his death. A Bodleian Library page comments on the build-up of Dawkins family holdings in the Chipping Norton area, including the purchase of Salford Manor by Henry Dawkins II. Down through the generations, Over Norton belonged to Henry Dawkins (1765\u20131852) (Henry Dawkins III), third son of Henry Dawkins; then Henry Dawkins (1788\u20131864) (Henry Dawkins IV) , both Members of Parliament for , then to William Gregory Dawkins (1825\u20131914), passing down to the eldest sons. William Gregory Dawkins replaced the Georgian mansion in 1874. By 1945 a much reduced estate was in the hands of his great-nephew Hereward Dawkins. The passing of Over Norton to another branch of the Dawkins family went back to the line of another son of Henry Dawkins III, Clinton George Augustus Dawkins (1808\u20131871). He was the great-grandfather of John Dawkins.", "Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (RDFRS or RDF) is a division of Center for Inquiry (CFI) founded by British biologist Richard Dawkins in 2006 to promote scientific literacy and secularism. Originally a non-profit based in Washington, D.C., the organization merged with CFI in 2016. After Richard Dawkins' success with the book \"The God Delusion\" , he created the foundation with its headquarters in the United States to work toward a world in which religion no longer interferes with the advance of science and in which people use their critical thinking skills to evaluate theist claims about the nature of reality. Dawkins complained of the difficulty he faced in gaining tax-free status, which he attributes to the secular nature of the organization. In contrast to the presumption by officials that religious organizations benefit humanity without evidence (for instance Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption), he points to a letter he received from the British Charity Commission requesting evidence for the claim that the advancement of science is connected to the public good. Theist author Marion Ledwig suggests that the foundation may have been set up as an atheist counterpart to the John Templeton Foundation, an organization which Dawkins has publicly criticized, especially in \"The God Delusion\", for corrupting science. In a TED talk prior to writing \"The God Delusion\", Dawkins had called for the need for an \"anti-Templeton\" to step up, saying that if his books sold better, he would take the initiative himself. Dawkins describes his foundation's purpose this way:\"Critical thinking is the real saviour of humankind. My foundation promotes respect for people who hold critical thinking as a cherished personal value and use it in day-to-day life.", "Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life  Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life is a three-part television documentary presented by Richard Dawkins which explores what reason and science might offer in major events of human lives. He argues that ideas about the soul and the afterlife, of sin and God's purpose have shaped human thinking for thousands of years. He believes science can provide answers to some of these old questions we used to entrust to religion. Richard Dawkins was born on 26 March 1941. Richard is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford. Dawkins has written several books such as The Selfish Gene, The Extended Phenotype , In 2006 Dawkins also founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. Dawkins is an atheist and is well known for his criticism of creationism. Dawkins has been awarded many prestigious academic and writing awards and he makes regular television, radio and Internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, his atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual. First, Dawkins examines issues surrounding the notion of sin. He also explores the rituals that surround mating and the science of disgust and taboo. Dawkins tries to answer the question If we don't believe God is watching over us we abandon morality? Dawkins examines the case for religious morality by speaking with Ray Lewis. Ray Lewis helps run a school in Newham, East London which has been ravaged by gang violence and drugs. Workers like Lewis are trying a tough love approach inspired by Christianity. Dawkins disagrees with this approach and challenges Lewis by trying to use a more scientific approach. The scene ends with the two disagreeing. Dawkins then examines Sex where he goes to a class where men are learning to control their modern addictions through Christ and biblical teaching.", "The book provoked an immediate response, both positive and negative, and was published with endorsements from scientists, such as Nobel laureate and co-discoverer of the structure of DNA James D. Watson, Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker, as well as popular writers of fiction and the illusionists Penn and Teller. Metacritic reported that the book had an average score of 59 out of 100. The book was nominated for Best Book at the British Book Awards, where Richard Dawkins was named Author of the Year. Nevertheless, the book received mixed reviews from critics, including both religious and atheist commentators. In the \"London Review of Books\", Terry Eagleton accused Richard Dawkins of not doing proper research into the topic of his work, religion, and further agreed with critics who accused Dawkins of committing straw man fallacies against theists (something Dawkins rebuts). Oxford theologian Alister McGrath (author of \"The Dawkins Delusion?\" and \"\") argues that Dawkins is ignorant of Christian theology, and therefore unable to engage religion and faith intelligently. In reply, Dawkins asks: \"Do you have to read up on leprechology before disbelieving in leprechauns?\", and\u2014in the paperback edition of \" The God Delusion\"\u2014he refers to the American biologist PZ Myers, who has satirised this line of argument as \"The Courtier's Reply\". Dawkins had an extended debate with McGrath at the 2007 \"Sunday Times\" Literary Festival. Eastern Orthodox theologian David Bentley Hart says that Dawkins \"devoted several pages of \"The God Delusion\" to a discussion of the 'Five Ways' of Thomas Aquinas but never thought to avail himself of the services of some scholar of ancient and mediaeval thought who might have explained them to him ..."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is creationism?", "answer": {"text": "a religious belief that humanity,", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write a book about creationism?", "answer": {"text": "prominent critic of creationism,", "answer_start": 13, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1f05a7c45dee49439dd22e8c8d5de0f5_0_q#3", "question": "Does Dawkins believe in creationism?", "rewrite": "Does Richard Dawkins believe in creationism?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life  Sex, Death and the Meaning of Life is a three-part television documentary presented by Richard Dawkins which explores what reason and science might offer in major events of human lives. He argues that ideas about the soul and the afterlife, of sin and God's purpose have shaped human thinking for thousands of years. He believes science can provide answers to some of these old questions we used to entrust to religion. Richard Dawkins was born on 26 March 1941. Richard is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford. Dawkins has written several books such as The Selfish Gene, The Extended Phenotype , In 2006 Dawkins also founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. Dawkins is an atheist and is well known for his criticism of creationism. Dawkins has been awarded many prestigious academic and writing awards and he makes regular television, radio and Internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, his atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual. First, Dawkins examines issues surrounding the notion of sin. He also explores the rituals that surround mating and the science of disgust and taboo. Dawkins tries to answer the question If we don't believe God is watching over us we abandon morality? Dawkins examines the case for religious morality by speaking with Ray Lewis. Ray Lewis helps run a school in Newham, East London which has been ravaged by gang violence and drugs. Workers like Lewis are trying a tough love approach inspired by Christianity. Dawkins disagrees with this approach and challenges Lewis by trying to use a more scientific approach. The scene ends with the two disagreeing. Dawkins then examines Sex where he goes to a class where men are learning to control their modern addictions through Christ and biblical teaching.", "Over Norton Park Over Norton Park is a farm of 210 acres (85 ha) at Over Norton, lying to the north of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England. It has been in the Dawkins family since the 1720s. Originally a larger country estate, it was inherited by John Dawkins (1915-2010), the father of the biologist Richard Dawkins, under whose management it became a single commercial farm which he farmed himself. The estate at Over Norton was bought in 1726 by James Dawkins (c. 1696\u20131766), the son of Colonel Richard Dawkins of Jamaica, and a Member of Parliament for . He was the uncle of Henry Dawkins the Younger (1728\u20131814), who inherited the property on his death. A Bodleian Library page comments on the build-up of Dawkins family holdings in the Chipping Norton area, including the purchase of Salford Manor by Henry Dawkins II. Down through the generations, Over Norton belonged to Henry Dawkins (1765\u20131852) (Henry Dawkins III), third son of Henry Dawkins; then Henry Dawkins (1788\u20131864) (Henry Dawkins IV) , both Members of Parliament for , then to William Gregory Dawkins (1825\u20131914), passing down to the eldest sons. William Gregory Dawkins replaced the Georgian mansion in 1874. By 1945 a much reduced estate was in the hands of his great-nephew Hereward Dawkins. The passing of Over Norton to another branch of the Dawkins family went back to the line of another son of Henry Dawkins III, Clinton George Augustus Dawkins (1808\u20131871). He was the great-grandfather of John Dawkins.", "Political views of Richard Dawkins Richard Dawkins is an English ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and writer. Dawkins himself has stated that his political views are left-leaning. However, many of Dawkins's political statements have created controversy even among left-wing and atheist communities. Before the mid-2000s, Dawkins usually voted for Labour Party candidates. The party has often been described as social democratic. In 2009 Dawkins participated in a \"New Statesman\" project called \"20 ways to save Labour\", in which 20 public figures, including Dawkins as well as Germaine Greer and John Pilger, among others gave suggestions about how to make the Labour Party better. Dawkins's contribution was as follows:  Starting in the mid-2000s, Dawkins has also voted and expressed support for the Liberal Democrats. Dawkins spoke at the party's conference in 2009 and publicly expressed his support then. At the conference, Dawkins strongly criticized the English libel laws, and the party revised its policy on the issue at the same conference. Dawkins also called for an alliance of all Liberal Democrats based on an agreement on electoral reform. Dawkins has argued for reform to the English defamation law, arguing that Simon Singh should have the right to criticise scientific claims made by the British Chiropractic Association. In 2009, he said \"I and many of my colleagues fear that if Simon loses it will have major implications on the freedom of scientists, researchers and other commentators to engage in robust criticism of scientific and pseudo-scientific work.\" The Defamation Act 2013 substantially reformed the law. In 2008, Dawkins pointed out major factual errors in The Atlas of Creation, such as images of fishing lures mislabeled as insects, and subsequently his website has been banned in Turkey and Pakistan.", "Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (RDFRS or RDF) is a division of Center for Inquiry (CFI) founded by British biologist Richard Dawkins in 2006 to promote scientific literacy and secularism. Originally a non-profit based in Washington, D.C., the organization merged with CFI in 2016. After Richard Dawkins' success with the book \"The God Delusion\" , he created the foundation with its headquarters in the United States to work toward a world in which religion no longer interferes with the advance of science and in which people use their critical thinking skills to evaluate theist claims about the nature of reality. Dawkins complained of the difficulty he faced in gaining tax-free status, which he attributes to the secular nature of the organization. In contrast to the presumption by officials that religious organizations benefit humanity without evidence (for instance Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption), he points to a letter he received from the British Charity Commission requesting evidence for the claim that the advancement of science is connected to the public good. Theist author Marion Ledwig suggests that the foundation may have been set up as an atheist counterpart to the John Templeton Foundation, an organization which Dawkins has publicly criticized, especially in \"The God Delusion\", for corrupting science. In a TED talk prior to writing \"The God Delusion\", Dawkins had called for the need for an \"anti-Templeton\" to step up, saying that if his books sold better, he would take the initiative himself. Dawkins describes his foundation's purpose this way:\"Critical thinking is the real saviour of humankind. My foundation promotes respect for people who hold critical thinking as a cherished personal value and use it in day-to-day life.", "Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science The Simonyi Professorship for the Public Understanding of Science is a chair at the University of Oxford. The chair was established in 1995 for the ethologist Richard Dawkins by an endowment from Charles Simonyi. The aim of the Professorship is 'to communicate science to the public without, in doing so, losing those elements of scholarship which constitute the essence of true understanding'. It is a position that had been endowed by Charles Simonyi with the express intention that the holder \"be expected to make important contributions to the public understanding of some scientific field\", and that its first holder should be Richard Dawkins. Richard Dawkins explained the history of the creation of the chair in a chapter of his memoirs, \"\". In 2008, Dawkins retired and the Oxford mathematician Marcus du Sautoy was elected to the chair. Richard Dawkins established an annual \"Charles Simonyi Lecture\" at the University of Oxford. He invited the following speakers: Marcus du Sautoy, second Simonyi Professor, invited:"], "answer": {"text": "Dawkins argues against the watchmaker analogy", "answer_start": 451}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is creationism?", "answer": {"text": "a religious belief that humanity,", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write a book about creationism?", "answer": {"text": "prominent critic of creationism,", "answer_start": 13, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Dawkins work with any other scientists?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b0b115e1681468bafe11fde77cd767b_0_q#0", "question": "Besides Jean-Marie Le Pen's personal life, wealth and security, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Jean-Marie Le Pen's personal life, wealth and security, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The charter of the party further outlining it's ideology and objectives can be read on Jean Marie Le Pen's website. The party's president is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Lorrain de Saint Affrique was general secretary since 2016. The cartel involving the Jeanne committees is unable to access public funding, having raised more than 1% of the votes cast in 41 constituencies, or less than the 50 constituencies required. For the French presidential election of 2017, Jean-Marie Le Pen officially said that he supported his daughter Marine Le Pen's presidential bid. For the French legislative election of 2017, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne made an alliance with the Party of France, Civitas, , and . Jean-Marie Le Pen also traveled to recruit legislative candidates under the banner \"Jeanne, au secours!\" The founder and current president of the party is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Laurent Ozon was general secretary of the party from 2016-2017. Former Departmental secretary of the National Front, Lorraine of Saint Affrique, has served as the current general secretary since 2017. In 2018 party founder and leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, joined the far-right Alliance for Peace and Freedom European political party as \"honorary chairman\". Subsequently, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne joined the party as an associate member.", "The fundamental target for the MNR was to secure the support of some 140 signatures from great electors for Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidential candidacy, of the total of 500 required. In the end, the MNR could only collect 45 signatures. \"Front national\" and \"Mouvement national r\u00e9publicain\" organised separate campaigns with their respective activists in favour of Jean-Marie Le Pen's candidacy, with the exception of a major \"Front national\" rally in Lyon on 11 March 2007 where M\u00e9gret made an appearance among the guests, although he did not speak from the platform). As a result, M\u00e9gret regularly criticised this situation, like during appearances on French television channels \"LCI\" and \" I>t\u00e9l\u00e9\", where he criticises what he considered to be a strategy pursued by \"Front national\" general secretary Louis Aliot, and especially Marine Le Pen, intended to downplay the contribution and the efficiency of the \"Union des patriotes\". On 6 March 2008, Jean-Marie Le Pen claimed that the MNR was funded illegally by the UIMM, the steel industry branch of the Medef. Bruno M\u00e9gret denied these accusations, and counter-claimed that it was foolish for Jean Marie Le Pen to make such claims, as he has been already alleged to be funded by Saddam Hussein and the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon. In an interview to France 2 on the same day, Le Pen clarified that he had not claimed Bruno M\u00e9gret was personally receiving funds from UIMM. Later in 2008, Bruno M\u00e9gret stepped down from party leadership and retired from political life.", "Blue, White and Red Rally  Blue, White and Red Rally () is a French nationalist political association in France founded by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The family feud between expelled French National Front founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen, his daughter, deepened on 5 September 2015 when he launched the rival right-wing party. Mr. Le Pen, 87, who was expelled from the FN in August 2015, told supporters in the city: 'You will not be orphans. We can act in a similar way to the FN, even if we are not part of it.' Marine Le Pen, the leader of the Front National remarked 'He does what he wants, he is a free man.' The row with her father erupted in April 2014, when he defended comments he had made in the past about how the Nazi gas chambers of the Second World War were a 'detail' of history. Ms. Le Pen, who succeeded her father as leader in 2011, dismissed his move. Mr. Le Pen was stripped of his FN membership by the party's executive committee in August following a damaging five-month family feud with his daughter over a string of inflammatory comments. He dismissed the hearing as a 'mockery' and an 'ambush' and blamed Ms. Le Pen, who took over from him as leader in 2011, of pulling the strings from afar. ' It's dirty to kill your own daddy, so she didn't kill daddy directly, she did it through her henchman,' Mr. Le Pen told French radio at the time. The elder Le Pen has been a persistent problem for his daughter as she tries to smooth over the overt racism and xenophobia of the party's past.", "Tours Congress (National Front) The Tours Congress was the 14th congress of the French National Front, which was held in Tours on January 15 and 16, 2011. After 39 years of leadership, Jean-Marie Le Pen didn't run for his reelection. The aim of this congress was also to elect the members of the new Central Committee. Outside the congress, several thousand people demonstrated against the National Front along with 25 left-wing associations, trade unions and parties. On April 12, 2010, Jean-Marie Le Pen revealed he would leave office after the next Tours congress. Marine Le Pen announced on several occasions her candidacy for president of the National Front against Bruno Gollnish. The 3 main French far-right newspapers \"Minute\", \"Rivarol\" and \"Pr\u00e9sent \"announced they would support Gollnish over Marine Le Pen as they are very hostile towards her. On abortion, Bruno Gollnisch says he's totally against it. On the contrary, Marine Le Pen is in favor of abortion. Unlike Marine Le Pen, Gollnish also wants to repeal the Civil solidarity pact;  However, both candidates are in favor of a referendum on death penalty and are strongly opposed to immigration. 62 year-old Gollnisch follows a very conservative political approach whereas Marine Le Pen wants to get away from far-right movements. On January 4, 2011, Jean-Marie Le Pen announced he'd vote for his daughter, Marine Le Pen but wished Gollnisch all the best for the election.\u2019 The FN members had until January 8, 2011 to vote. They could only vote by post. .", "Marion Mar\u00e9chal Marion Jeanne Caroline Mar\u00e9chal (; born 10 December 1989), known as Marion Mar\u00e9chal-Le Pen from 2010 to 2018, is a French politician, part of the Le Pen family, granddaughter of National Front (FN) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of its current leader Marine Le Pen. She is a member of the National Front and served as the member of the National Assembly for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency from 2012 to 2017. Aged 22 years at the time of her election, she became France's youngest parliamentarian in modern political history. After the 2015 regional elections, for which she received the best result for a FN candidate, she became the Leader of the Opposition in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. In 2017, she did not seek to renew her mandate as a member of the National Assembly and resigned as a regional councillor. She is currently involved in the education sector and financing the creation of a private school project. In 2018, she removed Le Pen from her last name. She is widely seen as a potential candidate for the 2022 presidential election. She was born on 10 December 1989 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, \u00cele-de-France. Her grandfather, Jean-Marie Le Pen, founded the Front National party on 5 October 1972. Her aunt Marine Le Pen has been FN president since 16 January 2011, with Jean-Marie Le Pen first becoming honorary chairman and later excluded in August 2015. Her mother Yann Le Pen, Jean-Marie Le Pen's second daughter, does not carry out any official duties within the FN. Her father had been the leader of the Front National Youth movement (FNJ) for seven years (1992\u20131999). She featured with her grandfather in a campaign poster at the age of two."], "answer": {"text": "The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic,", "answer_start": 146}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5b0b115e1681468bafe11fde77cd767b_0_q#1", "question": "Who was Pen married to?", "rewrite": "Who was Jean-Marie Le Pen married to?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The charter of the party further outlining it's ideology and objectives can be read on Jean Marie Le Pen's website. The party's president is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Lorrain de Saint Affrique was general secretary since 2016. The cartel involving the Jeanne committees is unable to access public funding, having raised more than 1% of the votes cast in 41 constituencies, or less than the 50 constituencies required. For the French presidential election of 2017, Jean-Marie Le Pen officially said that he supported his daughter Marine Le Pen's presidential bid. For the French legislative election of 2017, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne made an alliance with the Party of France, Civitas, , and . Jean-Marie Le Pen also traveled to recruit legislative candidates under the banner \"Jeanne, au secours!\" The founder and current president of the party is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Laurent Ozon was general secretary of the party from 2016-2017. Former Departmental secretary of the National Front, Lorraine of Saint Affrique, has served as the current general secretary since 2017. In 2018 party founder and leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, joined the far-right Alliance for Peace and Freedom European political party as \"honorary chairman\". Subsequently, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne joined the party as an associate member.", "His marriage (29 June 1960 - 18 March 1987) to Pierrette Lalanne resulted in three daughters; these daughters have given him nine granddaughters. The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic, with his ex-wife posing nude in the French edition of Playboy to ridicule him. Marie-Caroline, one of his daughters, broke with Le Pen, following her husband to join Bruno Megret, who split from the FN to found MNR, the rival Mouvement National Republicain (National Republican Movement). The youngest of Le Pen's daughters, Marine Le Pen, is leader of the Front National. On 31 May 1991, Jean-Marie Le Pen married Jeanne-Marie Paschos (\"Jany\"), of Greek descent. Born in 1933, Paschos was previously married to Belgian businessman Jean Garnier. In 1977, Le Pen inherited a fortune from Hubert Lambert (1934-1976), son of the cement industrialist Leon Lambert (1877-1952), one of three sons of Lambert Cement founder Hilaire Lambert. Hubert Lambert was a political supporter of Le Pen and a monarchist as well. Lambert's will provided 30 million francs (approximatively 5 million euros) to Le Pen, as well as his opulent three-storey 11-room mansion at 8 Parc de Montretout, Saint-Cloud (the home had been built by Napoleon III for his chief of staff Jean-Francois Mocquard). With his wife, he also owns a two-story townhouse on the Rue Hortense in Rueil-Malmaison and another house in his hometown of La Trinite-sur-Mer.", "Marion Mar\u00e9chal Marion Jeanne Caroline Mar\u00e9chal (; born 10 December 1989), known as Marion Mar\u00e9chal-Le Pen from 2010 to 2018, is a French politician, part of the Le Pen family, granddaughter of National Front (FN) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of its current leader Marine Le Pen. She is a member of the National Front and served as the member of the National Assembly for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency from 2012 to 2017. Aged 22 years at the time of her election, she became France's youngest parliamentarian in modern political history. After the 2015 regional elections, for which she received the best result for a FN candidate, she became the Leader of the Opposition in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. In 2017, she did not seek to renew her mandate as a member of the National Assembly and resigned as a regional councillor. She is currently involved in the education sector and financing the creation of a private school project. In 2018, she removed Le Pen from her last name. She is widely seen as a potential candidate for the 2022 presidential election. She was born on 10 December 1989 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, \u00cele-de-France. Her grandfather, Jean-Marie Le Pen, founded the Front National party on 5 October 1972. Her aunt Marine Le Pen has been FN president since 16 January 2011, with Jean-Marie Le Pen first becoming honorary chairman and later excluded in August 2015. Her mother Yann Le Pen, Jean-Marie Le Pen's second daughter, does not carry out any official duties within the FN. Her father had been the leader of the Front National Youth movement (FNJ) for seven years (1992\u20131999). She featured with her grandfather in a campaign poster at the age of two.", "The fundamental target for the MNR was to secure the support of some 140 signatures from great electors for Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidential candidacy, of the total of 500 required. In the end, the MNR could only collect 45 signatures. \"Front national\" and \"Mouvement national r\u00e9publicain\" organised separate campaigns with their respective activists in favour of Jean-Marie Le Pen's candidacy, with the exception of a major \"Front national\" rally in Lyon on 11 March 2007 where M\u00e9gret made an appearance among the guests, although he did not speak from the platform). As a result, M\u00e9gret regularly criticised this situation, like during appearances on French television channels \"LCI\" and \" I>t\u00e9l\u00e9\", where he criticises what he considered to be a strategy pursued by \"Front national\" general secretary Louis Aliot, and especially Marine Le Pen, intended to downplay the contribution and the efficiency of the \"Union des patriotes\". On 6 March 2008, Jean-Marie Le Pen claimed that the MNR was funded illegally by the UIMM, the steel industry branch of the Medef. Bruno M\u00e9gret denied these accusations, and counter-claimed that it was foolish for Jean Marie Le Pen to make such claims, as he has been already alleged to be funded by Saddam Hussein and the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon. In an interview to France 2 on the same day, Le Pen clarified that he had not claimed Bruno M\u00e9gret was personally receiving funds from UIMM. Later in 2008, Bruno M\u00e9gret stepped down from party leadership and retired from political life.", "Tours Congress (National Front) The Tours Congress was the 14th congress of the French National Front, which was held in Tours on January 15 and 16, 2011. After 39 years of leadership, Jean-Marie Le Pen didn't run for his reelection. The aim of this congress was also to elect the members of the new Central Committee. Outside the congress, several thousand people demonstrated against the National Front along with 25 left-wing associations, trade unions and parties. On April 12, 2010, Jean-Marie Le Pen revealed he would leave office after the next Tours congress. Marine Le Pen announced on several occasions her candidacy for president of the National Front against Bruno Gollnish. The 3 main French far-right newspapers \"Minute\", \"Rivarol\" and \"Pr\u00e9sent \"announced they would support Gollnish over Marine Le Pen as they are very hostile towards her. On abortion, Bruno Gollnisch says he's totally against it. On the contrary, Marine Le Pen is in favor of abortion. Unlike Marine Le Pen, Gollnish also wants to repeal the Civil solidarity pact;  However, both candidates are in favor of a referendum on death penalty and are strongly opposed to immigration. 62 year-old Gollnisch follows a very conservative political approach whereas Marine Le Pen wants to get away from far-right movements. On January 4, 2011, Jean-Marie Le Pen announced he'd vote for his daughter, Marine Le Pen but wished Gollnisch all the best for the election.\u2019 The FN members had until January 8, 2011 to vote. They could only vote by post. ."], "answer": {"text": "Pierrette Lalanne", "answer_start": 47}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Jean-Marie Le Pen's personal life, wealth and security, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic,", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b0b115e1681468bafe11fde77cd767b_0_q#2", "question": "When was the marriage consummated?", "rewrite": "When was Jean-Marie Le Pen's and Pierrette Lalanne's marriage consummated?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She has also relaxed some political positions of the party, advocating for civil unions for same-sex couples instead of her party's previous opposition to legal recognition of same-sex partnerships, accepting unconditional abortion and withdrawing the death penalty from her platform. A vocal opponent of the United States and NATO , she has pledged to remove France from their spheres of influence. Le Pen was ranked among the most influential people in 2011 and 2015, by the \"Time\" 100. In 2016, she was ranked by \"Politico\" as the second-most influential MEP in the European Parliament, after President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz. Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen was born on 5 August 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, the youngest of three daughters of Jean-Marie Le Pen, a Breton politician and former paratrooper, and his first wife, Pierrette Lalanne. She was baptized 25 April 1969, at La Madeleine by Father Pohpot. Her godfather was Henri Botey, a relative of her father. She has two sisters: Yann and Marie Caroline. In 1976, when Marine was eight, a bomb meant for her father exploded in the stairwell outside the family's apartment as they slept. The blast ripped a hole in the outside wall of the building, but Marine, her two older sisters and their parents were unharmed. She was a student at the Lyc\u00e9e Florent Schmitt in Saint-Cloud. Her mother left the family in 1984, when Marine was 16. Le Pen wrote in her autobiography that the effect was \"the most awful, cruel, crushing of pains of the heart: my mother did not love me.\" Her parents divorced in 1987. Le Pen studied law at Panth\u00e9on-Assas University, graduating with a Master of Laws in 1991 and a Master of Advanced Studies (DEA) in criminal law in 1992.", "The charter of the party further outlining it's ideology and objectives can be read on Jean Marie Le Pen's website. The party's president is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Lorrain de Saint Affrique was general secretary since 2016. The cartel involving the Jeanne committees is unable to access public funding, having raised more than 1% of the votes cast in 41 constituencies, or less than the 50 constituencies required. For the French presidential election of 2017, Jean-Marie Le Pen officially said that he supported his daughter Marine Le Pen's presidential bid. For the French legislative election of 2017, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne made an alliance with the Party of France, Civitas, , and . Jean-Marie Le Pen also traveled to recruit legislative candidates under the banner \"Jeanne, au secours!\" The founder and current president of the party is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Laurent Ozon was general secretary of the party from 2016-2017. Former Departmental secretary of the National Front, Lorraine of Saint Affrique, has served as the current general secretary since 2017. In 2018 party founder and leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, joined the far-right Alliance for Peace and Freedom European political party as \"honorary chairman\". Subsequently, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne joined the party as an associate member.", "Tours Congress (National Front) The Tours Congress was the 14th congress of the French National Front, which was held in Tours on January 15 and 16, 2011. After 39 years of leadership, Jean-Marie Le Pen didn't run for his reelection. The aim of this congress was also to elect the members of the new Central Committee. Outside the congress, several thousand people demonstrated against the National Front along with 25 left-wing associations, trade unions and parties. On April 12, 2010, Jean-Marie Le Pen revealed he would leave office after the next Tours congress. Marine Le Pen announced on several occasions her candidacy for president of the National Front against Bruno Gollnish. The 3 main French far-right newspapers \"Minute\", \"Rivarol\" and \"Pr\u00e9sent \"announced they would support Gollnish over Marine Le Pen as they are very hostile towards her. On abortion, Bruno Gollnisch says he's totally against it. On the contrary, Marine Le Pen is in favor of abortion. Unlike Marine Le Pen, Gollnish also wants to repeal the Civil solidarity pact;  However, both candidates are in favor of a referendum on death penalty and are strongly opposed to immigration. 62 year-old Gollnisch follows a very conservative political approach whereas Marine Le Pen wants to get away from far-right movements. On January 4, 2011, Jean-Marie Le Pen announced he'd vote for his daughter, Marine Le Pen but wished Gollnisch all the best for the election.\u2019 The FN members had until January 8, 2011 to vote. They could only vote by post. .", "Marion Mar\u00e9chal Marion Jeanne Caroline Mar\u00e9chal (; born 10 December 1989), known as Marion Mar\u00e9chal-Le Pen from 2010 to 2018, is a French politician, part of the Le Pen family, granddaughter of National Front (FN) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of its current leader Marine Le Pen. She is a member of the National Front and served as the member of the National Assembly for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency from 2012 to 2017. Aged 22 years at the time of her election, she became France's youngest parliamentarian in modern political history. After the 2015 regional elections, for which she received the best result for a FN candidate, she became the Leader of the Opposition in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. In 2017, she did not seek to renew her mandate as a member of the National Assembly and resigned as a regional councillor. She is currently involved in the education sector and financing the creation of a private school project. In 2018, she removed Le Pen from her last name. She is widely seen as a potential candidate for the 2022 presidential election. She was born on 10 December 1989 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, \u00cele-de-France. Her grandfather, Jean-Marie Le Pen, founded the Front National party on 5 October 1972. Her aunt Marine Le Pen has been FN president since 16 January 2011, with Jean-Marie Le Pen first becoming honorary chairman and later excluded in August 2015. Her mother Yann Le Pen, Jean-Marie Le Pen's second daughter, does not carry out any official duties within the FN. Her father had been the leader of the Front National Youth movement (FNJ) for seven years (1992\u20131999). She featured with her grandfather in a campaign poster at the age of two.", "His marriage (29 June 1960 - 18 March 1987) to Pierrette Lalanne resulted in three daughters; these daughters have given him nine granddaughters. The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic, with his ex-wife posing nude in the French edition of Playboy to ridicule him. Marie-Caroline, one of his daughters, broke with Le Pen, following her husband to join Bruno Megret, who split from the FN to found MNR, the rival Mouvement National Republicain (National Republican Movement). The youngest of Le Pen's daughters, Marine Le Pen, is leader of the Front National. On 31 May 1991, Jean-Marie Le Pen married Jeanne-Marie Paschos (\"Jany\"), of Greek descent. Born in 1933, Paschos was previously married to Belgian businessman Jean Garnier. In 1977, Le Pen inherited a fortune from Hubert Lambert (1934-1976), son of the cement industrialist Leon Lambert (1877-1952), one of three sons of Lambert Cement founder Hilaire Lambert. Hubert Lambert was a political supporter of Le Pen and a monarchist as well. Lambert's will provided 30 million francs (approximatively 5 million euros) to Le Pen, as well as his opulent three-storey 11-room mansion at 8 Parc de Montretout, Saint-Cloud (the home had been built by Napoleon III for his chief of staff Jean-Francois Mocquard). With his wife, he also owns a two-story townhouse on the Rue Hortense in Rueil-Malmaison and another house in his hometown of La Trinite-sur-Mer."], "answer": {"text": "resulted in three daughters;", "answer_start": 65}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Besides Jean-Marie Le Pen's personal life, wealth and security, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic,", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Pen married to?", "answer": {"text": "Pierrette Lalanne", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b0b115e1681468bafe11fde77cd767b_0_q#3", "question": "What year did they wed?", "rewrite": "What year did Jean-Marie Le Pen and Pierrette Lalanne wed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marion Mar\u00e9chal Marion Jeanne Caroline Mar\u00e9chal (; born 10 December 1989), known as Marion Mar\u00e9chal-Le Pen from 2010 to 2018, is a French politician, part of the Le Pen family, granddaughter of National Front (FN) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of its current leader Marine Le Pen. She is a member of the National Front and served as the member of the National Assembly for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency from 2012 to 2017. Aged 22 years at the time of her election, she became France's youngest parliamentarian in modern political history. After the 2015 regional elections, for which she received the best result for a FN candidate, she became the Leader of the Opposition in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. In 2017, she did not seek to renew her mandate as a member of the National Assembly and resigned as a regional councillor. She is currently involved in the education sector and financing the creation of a private school project. In 2018, she removed Le Pen from her last name. She is widely seen as a potential candidate for the 2022 presidential election. She was born on 10 December 1989 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, \u00cele-de-France. Her grandfather, Jean-Marie Le Pen, founded the Front National party on 5 October 1972. Her aunt Marine Le Pen has been FN president since 16 January 2011, with Jean-Marie Le Pen first becoming honorary chairman and later excluded in August 2015. Her mother Yann Le Pen, Jean-Marie Le Pen's second daughter, does not carry out any official duties within the FN. Her father had been the leader of the Front National Youth movement (FNJ) for seven years (1992\u20131999). She featured with her grandfather in a campaign poster at the age of two.", "His marriage (29 June 1960 - 18 March 1987) to Pierrette Lalanne resulted in three daughters; these daughters have given him nine granddaughters. The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic, with his ex-wife posing nude in the French edition of Playboy to ridicule him. Marie-Caroline, one of his daughters, broke with Le Pen, following her husband to join Bruno Megret, who split from the FN to found MNR, the rival Mouvement National Republicain (National Republican Movement). The youngest of Le Pen's daughters, Marine Le Pen, is leader of the Front National. On 31 May 1991, Jean-Marie Le Pen married Jeanne-Marie Paschos (\"Jany\"), of Greek descent. Born in 1933, Paschos was previously married to Belgian businessman Jean Garnier. In 1977, Le Pen inherited a fortune from Hubert Lambert (1934-1976), son of the cement industrialist Leon Lambert (1877-1952), one of three sons of Lambert Cement founder Hilaire Lambert. Hubert Lambert was a political supporter of Le Pen and a monarchist as well. Lambert's will provided 30 million francs (approximatively 5 million euros) to Le Pen, as well as his opulent three-storey 11-room mansion at 8 Parc de Montretout, Saint-Cloud (the home had been built by Napoleon III for his chief of staff Jean-Francois Mocquard). With his wife, he also owns a two-story townhouse on the Rue Hortense in Rueil-Malmaison and another house in his hometown of La Trinite-sur-Mer.", "The charter of the party further outlining it's ideology and objectives can be read on Jean Marie Le Pen's website. The party's president is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Lorrain de Saint Affrique was general secretary since 2016. The cartel involving the Jeanne committees is unable to access public funding, having raised more than 1% of the votes cast in 41 constituencies, or less than the 50 constituencies required. For the French presidential election of 2017, Jean-Marie Le Pen officially said that he supported his daughter Marine Le Pen's presidential bid. For the French legislative election of 2017, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne made an alliance with the Party of France, Civitas, , and . Jean-Marie Le Pen also traveled to recruit legislative candidates under the banner \"Jeanne, au secours!\" The founder and current president of the party is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Laurent Ozon was general secretary of the party from 2016-2017. Former Departmental secretary of the National Front, Lorraine of Saint Affrique, has served as the current general secretary since 2017. In 2018 party founder and leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, joined the far-right Alliance for Peace and Freedom European political party as \"honorary chairman\". Subsequently, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne joined the party as an associate member.", "She has also relaxed some political positions of the party, advocating for civil unions for same-sex couples instead of her party's previous opposition to legal recognition of same-sex partnerships, accepting unconditional abortion and withdrawing the death penalty from her platform. A vocal opponent of the United States and NATO , she has pledged to remove France from their spheres of influence. Le Pen was ranked among the most influential people in 2011 and 2015, by the \"Time\" 100. In 2016, she was ranked by \"Politico\" as the second-most influential MEP in the European Parliament, after President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz. Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen was born on 5 August 1968 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, the youngest of three daughters of Jean-Marie Le Pen, a Breton politician and former paratrooper, and his first wife, Pierrette Lalanne. She was baptized 25 April 1969, at La Madeleine by Father Pohpot. Her godfather was Henri Botey, a relative of her father. She has two sisters: Yann and Marie Caroline. In 1976, when Marine was eight, a bomb meant for her father exploded in the stairwell outside the family's apartment as they slept. The blast ripped a hole in the outside wall of the building, but Marine, her two older sisters and their parents were unharmed. She was a student at the Lyc\u00e9e Florent Schmitt in Saint-Cloud. Her mother left the family in 1984, when Marine was 16. Le Pen wrote in her autobiography that the effect was \"the most awful, cruel, crushing of pains of the heart: my mother did not love me.\" Her parents divorced in 1987. Le Pen studied law at Panth\u00e9on-Assas University, graduating with a Master of Laws in 1991 and a Master of Advanced Studies (DEA) in criminal law in 1992.", "Tours Congress (National Front) The Tours Congress was the 14th congress of the French National Front, which was held in Tours on January 15 and 16, 2011. After 39 years of leadership, Jean-Marie Le Pen didn't run for his reelection. The aim of this congress was also to elect the members of the new Central Committee. Outside the congress, several thousand people demonstrated against the National Front along with 25 left-wing associations, trade unions and parties. On April 12, 2010, Jean-Marie Le Pen revealed he would leave office after the next Tours congress. Marine Le Pen announced on several occasions her candidacy for president of the National Front against Bruno Gollnish. The 3 main French far-right newspapers \"Minute\", \"Rivarol\" and \"Pr\u00e9sent \"announced they would support Gollnish over Marine Le Pen as they are very hostile towards her. On abortion, Bruno Gollnisch says he's totally against it. On the contrary, Marine Le Pen is in favor of abortion. Unlike Marine Le Pen, Gollnish also wants to repeal the Civil solidarity pact;  However, both candidates are in favor of a referendum on death penalty and are strongly opposed to immigration. 62 year-old Gollnisch follows a very conservative political approach whereas Marine Le Pen wants to get away from far-right movements. On January 4, 2011, Jean-Marie Le Pen announced he'd vote for his daughter, Marine Le Pen but wished Gollnisch all the best for the election.\u2019 The FN members had until January 8, 2011 to vote. They could only vote by post. ."], "answer": {"text": "1960", "answer_start": 22}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Jean-Marie Le Pen's personal life, wealth and security, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic,", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Pen married to?", "answer": {"text": "Pierrette Lalanne", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the marriage consummated?", "answer": {"text": "resulted in three daughters;", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b0b115e1681468bafe11fde77cd767b_0_q#4", "question": "What profession did Pen hold to cause great wealth?", "rewrite": "What profession did Jean-Marie Le Pen hold to cause great wealth?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tours Congress (National Front) The Tours Congress was the 14th congress of the French National Front, which was held in Tours on January 15 and 16, 2011. After 39 years of leadership, Jean-Marie Le Pen didn't run for his reelection. The aim of this congress was also to elect the members of the new Central Committee. Outside the congress, several thousand people demonstrated against the National Front along with 25 left-wing associations, trade unions and parties. On April 12, 2010, Jean-Marie Le Pen revealed he would leave office after the next Tours congress. Marine Le Pen announced on several occasions her candidacy for president of the National Front against Bruno Gollnish. The 3 main French far-right newspapers \"Minute\", \"Rivarol\" and \"Pr\u00e9sent \"announced they would support Gollnish over Marine Le Pen as they are very hostile towards her. On abortion, Bruno Gollnisch says he's totally against it. On the contrary, Marine Le Pen is in favor of abortion. Unlike Marine Le Pen, Gollnish also wants to repeal the Civil solidarity pact;  However, both candidates are in favor of a referendum on death penalty and are strongly opposed to immigration. 62 year-old Gollnisch follows a very conservative political approach whereas Marine Le Pen wants to get away from far-right movements. On January 4, 2011, Jean-Marie Le Pen announced he'd vote for his daughter, Marine Le Pen but wished Gollnisch all the best for the election.\u2019 The FN members had until January 8, 2011 to vote. They could only vote by post. .", "Marion Mar\u00e9chal Marion Jeanne Caroline Mar\u00e9chal (; born 10 December 1989), known as Marion Mar\u00e9chal-Le Pen from 2010 to 2018, is a French politician, part of the Le Pen family, granddaughter of National Front (FN) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of its current leader Marine Le Pen. She is a member of the National Front and served as the member of the National Assembly for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency from 2012 to 2017. Aged 22 years at the time of her election, she became France's youngest parliamentarian in modern political history. After the 2015 regional elections, for which she received the best result for a FN candidate, she became the Leader of the Opposition in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. In 2017, she did not seek to renew her mandate as a member of the National Assembly and resigned as a regional councillor. She is currently involved in the education sector and financing the creation of a private school project. In 2018, she removed Le Pen from her last name. She is widely seen as a potential candidate for the 2022 presidential election. She was born on 10 December 1989 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, \u00cele-de-France. Her grandfather, Jean-Marie Le Pen, founded the Front National party on 5 October 1972. Her aunt Marine Le Pen has been FN president since 16 January 2011, with Jean-Marie Le Pen first becoming honorary chairman and later excluded in August 2015. Her mother Yann Le Pen, Jean-Marie Le Pen's second daughter, does not carry out any official duties within the FN. Her father had been the leader of the Front National Youth movement (FNJ) for seven years (1992\u20131999). She featured with her grandfather in a campaign poster at the age of two.", "The fundamental target for the MNR was to secure the support of some 140 signatures from great electors for Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidential candidacy, of the total of 500 required. In the end, the MNR could only collect 45 signatures. \"Front national\" and \"Mouvement national r\u00e9publicain\" organised separate campaigns with their respective activists in favour of Jean-Marie Le Pen's candidacy, with the exception of a major \"Front national\" rally in Lyon on 11 March 2007 where M\u00e9gret made an appearance among the guests, although he did not speak from the platform). As a result, M\u00e9gret regularly criticised this situation, like during appearances on French television channels \"LCI\" and \" I>t\u00e9l\u00e9\", where he criticises what he considered to be a strategy pursued by \"Front national\" general secretary Louis Aliot, and especially Marine Le Pen, intended to downplay the contribution and the efficiency of the \"Union des patriotes\". On 6 March 2008, Jean-Marie Le Pen claimed that the MNR was funded illegally by the UIMM, the steel industry branch of the Medef. Bruno M\u00e9gret denied these accusations, and counter-claimed that it was foolish for Jean Marie Le Pen to make such claims, as he has been already alleged to be funded by Saddam Hussein and the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon. In an interview to France 2 on the same day, Le Pen clarified that he had not claimed Bruno M\u00e9gret was personally receiving funds from UIMM. Later in 2008, Bruno M\u00e9gret stepped down from party leadership and retired from political life.", "Blue, White and Red Rally  Blue, White and Red Rally () is a French nationalist political association in France founded by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The family feud between expelled French National Front founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen, his daughter, deepened on 5 September 2015 when he launched the rival right-wing party. Mr. Le Pen, 87, who was expelled from the FN in August 2015, told supporters in the city: 'You will not be orphans. We can act in a similar way to the FN, even if we are not part of it.' Marine Le Pen, the leader of the Front National remarked 'He does what he wants, he is a free man.' The row with her father erupted in April 2014, when he defended comments he had made in the past about how the Nazi gas chambers of the Second World War were a 'detail' of history. Ms. Le Pen, who succeeded her father as leader in 2011, dismissed his move. Mr. Le Pen was stripped of his FN membership by the party's executive committee in August following a damaging five-month family feud with his daughter over a string of inflammatory comments. He dismissed the hearing as a 'mockery' and an 'ambush' and blamed Ms. Le Pen, who took over from him as leader in 2011, of pulling the strings from afar. ' It's dirty to kill your own daddy, so she didn't kill daddy directly, she did it through her henchman,' Mr. Le Pen told French radio at the time. The elder Le Pen has been a persistent problem for his daughter as she tries to smooth over the overt racism and xenophobia of the party's past.", "The charter of the party further outlining it's ideology and objectives can be read on Jean Marie Le Pen's website. The party's president is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Lorrain de Saint Affrique was general secretary since 2016. The cartel involving the Jeanne committees is unable to access public funding, having raised more than 1% of the votes cast in 41 constituencies, or less than the 50 constituencies required. For the French presidential election of 2017, Jean-Marie Le Pen officially said that he supported his daughter Marine Le Pen's presidential bid. For the French legislative election of 2017, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne made an alliance with the Party of France, Civitas, , and . Jean-Marie Le Pen also traveled to recruit legislative candidates under the banner \"Jeanne, au secours!\" The founder and current president of the party is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Laurent Ozon was general secretary of the party from 2016-2017. Former Departmental secretary of the National Front, Lorraine of Saint Affrique, has served as the current general secretary since 2017. In 2018 party founder and leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, joined the far-right Alliance for Peace and Freedom European political party as \"honorary chairman\". Subsequently, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne joined the party as an associate member."], "answer": {"text": "organized crime", "answer_start": 300}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Jean-Marie Le Pen's personal life, wealth and security, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic,", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Pen married to?", "answer": {"text": "Pierrette Lalanne", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the marriage consummated?", "answer": {"text": "resulted in three daughters;", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did they wed?", "answer": {"text": "1960", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5b0b115e1681468bafe11fde77cd767b_0_q#5", "question": "Who was his security detail due to being associated with Organized crime?", "rewrite": "Who was Jean-Marie Le Pen's security detail due to being associated with Organized crime?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The charter of the party further outlining it's ideology and objectives can be read on Jean Marie Le Pen's website. The party's president is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Lorrain de Saint Affrique was general secretary since 2016. The cartel involving the Jeanne committees is unable to access public funding, having raised more than 1% of the votes cast in 41 constituencies, or less than the 50 constituencies required. For the French presidential election of 2017, Jean-Marie Le Pen officially said that he supported his daughter Marine Le Pen's presidential bid. For the French legislative election of 2017, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne made an alliance with the Party of France, Civitas, , and . Jean-Marie Le Pen also traveled to recruit legislative candidates under the banner \"Jeanne, au secours!\" The founder and current president of the party is Jean-Marie Le Pen. Laurent Ozon was general secretary of the party from 2016-2017. Former Departmental secretary of the National Front, Lorraine of Saint Affrique, has served as the current general secretary since 2017. In 2018 party founder and leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, joined the far-right Alliance for Peace and Freedom European political party as \"honorary chairman\". Subsequently, the Comit\u00e9s Jeanne joined the party as an associate member.", "Tours Congress (National Front) The Tours Congress was the 14th congress of the French National Front, which was held in Tours on January 15 and 16, 2011. After 39 years of leadership, Jean-Marie Le Pen didn't run for his reelection. The aim of this congress was also to elect the members of the new Central Committee. Outside the congress, several thousand people demonstrated against the National Front along with 25 left-wing associations, trade unions and parties. On April 12, 2010, Jean-Marie Le Pen revealed he would leave office after the next Tours congress. Marine Le Pen announced on several occasions her candidacy for president of the National Front against Bruno Gollnish. The 3 main French far-right newspapers \"Minute\", \"Rivarol\" and \"Pr\u00e9sent \"announced they would support Gollnish over Marine Le Pen as they are very hostile towards her. On abortion, Bruno Gollnisch says he's totally against it. On the contrary, Marine Le Pen is in favor of abortion. Unlike Marine Le Pen, Gollnish also wants to repeal the Civil solidarity pact;  However, both candidates are in favor of a referendum on death penalty and are strongly opposed to immigration. 62 year-old Gollnisch follows a very conservative political approach whereas Marine Le Pen wants to get away from far-right movements. On January 4, 2011, Jean-Marie Le Pen announced he'd vote for his daughter, Marine Le Pen but wished Gollnisch all the best for the election.\u2019 The FN members had until January 8, 2011 to vote. They could only vote by post. .", "Blue, White and Red Rally  Blue, White and Red Rally () is a French nationalist political association in France founded by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The family feud between expelled French National Front founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen, his daughter, deepened on 5 September 2015 when he launched the rival right-wing party. Mr. Le Pen, 87, who was expelled from the FN in August 2015, told supporters in the city: 'You will not be orphans. We can act in a similar way to the FN, even if we are not part of it.' Marine Le Pen, the leader of the Front National remarked 'He does what he wants, he is a free man.' The row with her father erupted in April 2014, when he defended comments he had made in the past about how the Nazi gas chambers of the Second World War were a 'detail' of history. Ms. Le Pen, who succeeded her father as leader in 2011, dismissed his move. Mr. Le Pen was stripped of his FN membership by the party's executive committee in August following a damaging five-month family feud with his daughter over a string of inflammatory comments. He dismissed the hearing as a 'mockery' and an 'ambush' and blamed Ms. Le Pen, who took over from him as leader in 2011, of pulling the strings from afar. ' It's dirty to kill your own daddy, so she didn't kill daddy directly, she did it through her henchman,' Mr. Le Pen told French radio at the time. The elder Le Pen has been a persistent problem for his daughter as she tries to smooth over the overt racism and xenophobia of the party's past.", "The fundamental target for the MNR was to secure the support of some 140 signatures from great electors for Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidential candidacy, of the total of 500 required. In the end, the MNR could only collect 45 signatures. \"Front national\" and \"Mouvement national r\u00e9publicain\" organised separate campaigns with their respective activists in favour of Jean-Marie Le Pen's candidacy, with the exception of a major \"Front national\" rally in Lyon on 11 March 2007 where M\u00e9gret made an appearance among the guests, although he did not speak from the platform). As a result, M\u00e9gret regularly criticised this situation, like during appearances on French television channels \"LCI\" and \" I>t\u00e9l\u00e9\", where he criticises what he considered to be a strategy pursued by \"Front national\" general secretary Louis Aliot, and especially Marine Le Pen, intended to downplay the contribution and the efficiency of the \"Union des patriotes\". On 6 March 2008, Jean-Marie Le Pen claimed that the MNR was funded illegally by the UIMM, the steel industry branch of the Medef. Bruno M\u00e9gret denied these accusations, and counter-claimed that it was foolish for Jean Marie Le Pen to make such claims, as he has been already alleged to be funded by Saddam Hussein and the Unification Church of Sun Myung Moon. In an interview to France 2 on the same day, Le Pen clarified that he had not claimed Bruno M\u00e9gret was personally receiving funds from UIMM. Later in 2008, Bruno M\u00e9gret stepped down from party leadership and retired from political life.", "Marion Mar\u00e9chal Marion Jeanne Caroline Mar\u00e9chal (; born 10 December 1989), known as Marion Mar\u00e9chal-Le Pen from 2010 to 2018, is a French politician, part of the Le Pen family, granddaughter of National Front (FN) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of its current leader Marine Le Pen. She is a member of the National Front and served as the member of the National Assembly for Vaucluse's 3rd constituency from 2012 to 2017. Aged 22 years at the time of her election, she became France's youngest parliamentarian in modern political history. After the 2015 regional elections, for which she received the best result for a FN candidate, she became the Leader of the Opposition in the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur. In 2017, she did not seek to renew her mandate as a member of the National Assembly and resigned as a regional councillor. She is currently involved in the education sector and financing the creation of a private school project. In 2018, she removed Le Pen from her last name. She is widely seen as a potential candidate for the 2022 presidential election. She was born on 10 December 1989 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, \u00cele-de-France. Her grandfather, Jean-Marie Le Pen, founded the Front National party on 5 October 1972. Her aunt Marine Le Pen has been FN president since 16 January 2011, with Jean-Marie Le Pen first becoming honorary chairman and later excluded in August 2015. Her mother Yann Le Pen, Jean-Marie Le Pen's second daughter, does not carry out any official duties within the FN. Her father had been the leader of the Front National Youth movement (FNJ) for seven years (1992\u20131999). She featured with her grandfather in a campaign poster at the age of two."], "answer": {"text": "KO International Company,", "answer_start": 62}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Jean-Marie Le Pen's personal life, wealth and security, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic,", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Pen married to?", "answer": {"text": "Pierrette Lalanne", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the marriage consummated?", "answer": {"text": "resulted in three daughters;", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did they wed?", "answer": {"text": "1960", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What profession did Pen hold to cause great wealth?", "answer": {"text": "organized crime", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1f55a4bf3794354a85d1cde15f0bc8b_1_q#0", "question": "When did Marilyn Chambers get her start in Hollywood?", "rewrite": "When did Marilyn Chambers get her start in Hollywood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["They brothers continue to fight, but eventually make up and Angelo drives Paulie back home to the city. Mitzy Fraser, played by Helen Dallimore, made her first screen appearance on 3 September 2010. Mitzy is a psychic who befriended Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) and offered her spiritual guidance when she was grieving for her son and fighting cancer. Mitzy comes to Summer Bay after having a vision about Marilyn's death. However, Mitzy's \"gloomy predictions\" do not go down well with Sid Walker (Robert Mammone). Describing Mitzy, Dallimore stated \"She is Marilyn's best friend from London, a bit of a loner because she is a psychic and she has been stigmatised. People are skeptical and they tend to not believe her, but in Marilyn she has found a believer and a kindred soul. \" Mitzy later suffers a fatal stroke during a disagreement with Marilyn, when she is confronted about her \"dodgy\" predictions. On her death bed she tells Marilyn that she made up her end date prediction, however she tells Sid the exact opposite. Yvette Chegwidden from \"TV Week\" called Mitzy \"kooky\". Mitzy comes to Summer Bay House to see Marilyn Chambers and reveals that she knows exactly when she is going to die. Marilyn's partner, Sid Walker, dismisses Mitzy's prediction and confronts her about her abilities. Romeo Smith (Luke Mitchell) asks Mitzy's advice about whether to have sex with his girlfriend and she gives him a cryptic answer. Mitzy learns Dexter Walker (Charles Cottier) has feelings for Marilyn and she tries to make him see that Marilyn does not have any for him. When Dexter becomes defensive, Mitzy kisses him to show him that it is not okay to push himself onto other people. Marilyn becomes upset with Mitzy", "Marilyn Chambers (Home and Away) Marilyn Chambers (also Bryant and Fisher) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Emily Symons. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 18 May 1989. When Symons auditioned for the role she created a backstory for the character and dressed in a mini dress, stilettos and put on a breathy voice. She was successful and producer Andrew Howie cast her in the role. Writers introduced her as the girlfriend of established character Lance Smart (Peter Vroom). Marilyn is characterised as a bubbly and ditsy hairdresser who often makes She has a distinct bouffant hairstyle and unique dress sense which includes high heel shoes. Marilyn has become one of the show's most iconic characters during her tenure. Symons departed on 23 July 1992, but she returned on 5 June 1995 and stayed for four years, making her last appearance on 1 October 1999. She made a brief return from 31 August 2001 to 4 September 2001. In 2010, it was announced that Symons would be returning to \"Home and Away\" and Marilyn returned on 19 March 2010. Marilyn's storylines have included being married twice, suffering from post-natal depression, losing her son, being electrocuted and developing cancer. Her significant relationships have been with Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn), Sid Walker (Robert Mammone) and later John Palmer (Shane Withington). Symons was nervous when she decided to audition for the role because she had previously been turned down for several parts in other shows. To prepare for her audition Symons and her acting coach created a backstory for Marilyn and they got to know her better. Symons decided to put on a \"breathy voice\" and purchased stiletto shoes for the character.", "Marilyn and John's wedding won the 2015 \"TV Week\" and \"Soap Extra\" #OMGAward for Best Wedding. Dave Lanning from \"The People\" quipped that Marilyn \"has the mind of a humming bird and often flaps like one\". Sarah Thomas of \"The Sun-Herald\" branded Marilyn a \"ditzy glamour puss\". A writer for Holy Soap said that Marilyn's most memorable moment is \"Realising she had fallen in love with school principal Don Fisher and eventually marrying him\". On Marilyn's relationship with Donald, Chris Middendorp of \"The Age\" said \"While it lasted, it was one of the oddest couplings in television and fun to watch. They were like what would happen if Lawrence (sic) Olivier got hitched to a page-three girl.\" A Yahoo! reporter placed Marilyn and Donald on their \"Best-ever soap couples\" list and \"TV Week\" named them one of soap's \"Odd Couples\", saying \"Who could forget grumpy old Donald Fisher with kooky young Marilyn Chambers in \"Home and Away\"? \" The \"Sunday Mail\" simply brand her as \"the dizzy wife of stuffy headmaster Donald\". A writer from \"Inside Soap\" included Marilyn and Donald in their feature profiling unlikely couples. They branded her a \"half-wit hairdresser\" and him a \"haggard head\" who found happiness together. The writer added that \"at least Marilyn Chambers had a good excuse for her bizarre decision to go out with the aging Donald Fisher - she was as mad as a mongoose.\" Following Marilyn's abrupt departure in 1999, the show was \"bombarded\" by fans demanding to know what had happened to her. Steven Murphy from \"Inside Soap\" assessed that by 1998, Marilyn had changed drastically.", "Together (1971 film) Together is a 1971 film directed by Sean S. Cunningham. Cunningham's first film attracted Wes Craven, who wanted to be in the film business. This was Craven's first credit. Cunningham and Craven would later work on \"The Last House on the Left\". The film features a young Marilyn Chambers, billed under her real name, Marilyn Briggs. With the $100,000 profit from \"The Art of Marriage\", Cunningham rented his first office and began looking for another picture to shoot. He started collecting donations from family and friends, who contributed $1,000 each in some cases. Cunningham said \"The Art of Marriage\" was good (in terms of starting him off) but \"crummy\" and wanted to make a better version of the film. Cunningham shot the film \"Together\", which was intended in some ways to be a remake of \"Marriage\". After \"Together\" was shot Cunningham hired the struggling Wes Craven, who needed a job, money and was interested in getting into the film business. Cunningham was doing re-shoots for \"Together\" and hired Craven to synchronize the dailies from the three- to four-day reshoot. Craven then became assistant editor, and he and Cunningham had to mix under conditions of no money. There was a scene in the film that consisted of Marilyn Chambers and a \"very handsome\" black man. The scene involved Chambers running a yellow flower down the man's penis. Hallmark Releasing had never seen a scene like this before and wanted to exploit it. They subsequently bought the film for $10,000. They placed ads in the papers about the film and the theater was flooded with people wanting to see it. The line was said by Cunningham to have gone all the way around the block.", "Also at that time the police department had been receiving protests by media, public, and politicians concerning multiple scandals, like when a police academy graduate received fellatio from a prostitute at a police academy graduation party. Furthering their problems, police officers arrested a local journalist for walking his dog without a leash after the journalist wrote critically of the police department following the Chambers raid. In the wake of the Chambers raid and scandals by the police, the Board of Supervisors voted to strip the police department of their power to license strip clubs, and that the Mitchell Brothers should be paid $14,000 for damages resulting from the Chambers raid. Over the years, the Mitchells were the defendants in over 200 court cases involving obscenity or related charges. Mostly victorious, they were represented by aggressive counsel. In February 1991, the theater entered the news after Jim Mitchell fatally shot Artie. Michael Kennedy defended Jim Mitchell, and convinced the jury that Jim killed Artie because the latter was psychotic from drugs and had become dangerous. Later in 1996, Jim established the \"Artie Fund\" to raise money for drug-abuse prevention. Jim Mitchell was sentenced to six years in prison for voluntary manslaughter and released from San Quentin in 1997, after having served half his sentence. The trial is discussed in depth within the Mitchell Brothers Wikipedia article. During the celebrations for the O'Farrell's 30th anniversary in 1999, burlesque star Tempest Storm, by then in her 70s, danced on stage. Mayor Willie Brown declared a \"Tempest Storm Day\" in her honor. Marilyn Chambers returned to perform in the theater on July 28, 1999 in what Willie Brown dubbed \"Marilyn Chambers Day.\" When San Francisco's Commission on the Status of Women proposed in 2006 to ban private booths and rooms at adult clubs because of concerns about sexual assaults taking place there, several O'Farrell dancers spoke out against the ban."], "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1970s she was up for roles in several Hollywood films.", "answer_start": 579}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c1f55a4bf3794354a85d1cde15f0bc8b_1_q#1", "question": "What films did she appear in?", "rewrite": "What films did Marilyn Chambers appear in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["They brothers continue to fight, but eventually make up and Angelo drives Paulie back home to the city. Mitzy Fraser, played by Helen Dallimore, made her first screen appearance on 3 September 2010. Mitzy is a psychic who befriended Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) and offered her spiritual guidance when she was grieving for her son and fighting cancer. Mitzy comes to Summer Bay after having a vision about Marilyn's death. However, Mitzy's \"gloomy predictions\" do not go down well with Sid Walker (Robert Mammone). Describing Mitzy, Dallimore stated \"She is Marilyn's best friend from London, a bit of a loner because she is a psychic and she has been stigmatised. People are skeptical and they tend to not believe her, but in Marilyn she has found a believer and a kindred soul. \" Mitzy later suffers a fatal stroke during a disagreement with Marilyn, when she is confronted about her \"dodgy\" predictions. On her death bed she tells Marilyn that she made up her end date prediction, however she tells Sid the exact opposite. Yvette Chegwidden from \"TV Week\" called Mitzy \"kooky\". Mitzy comes to Summer Bay House to see Marilyn Chambers and reveals that she knows exactly when she is going to die. Marilyn's partner, Sid Walker, dismisses Mitzy's prediction and confronts her about her abilities. Romeo Smith (Luke Mitchell) asks Mitzy's advice about whether to have sex with his girlfriend and she gives him a cryptic answer. Mitzy learns Dexter Walker (Charles Cottier) has feelings for Marilyn and she tries to make him see that Marilyn does not have any for him. When Dexter becomes defensive, Mitzy kisses him to show him that it is not okay to push himself onto other people. Marilyn becomes upset with Mitzy", "Marilyn Chambers (Home and Away) Marilyn Chambers (also Bryant and Fisher) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Emily Symons. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 18 May 1989. When Symons auditioned for the role she created a backstory for the character and dressed in a mini dress, stilettos and put on a breathy voice. She was successful and producer Andrew Howie cast her in the role. Writers introduced her as the girlfriend of established character Lance Smart (Peter Vroom). Marilyn is characterised as a bubbly and ditsy hairdresser who often makes She has a distinct bouffant hairstyle and unique dress sense which includes high heel shoes. Marilyn has become one of the show's most iconic characters during her tenure. Symons departed on 23 July 1992, but she returned on 5 June 1995 and stayed for four years, making her last appearance on 1 October 1999. She made a brief return from 31 August 2001 to 4 September 2001. In 2010, it was announced that Symons would be returning to \"Home and Away\" and Marilyn returned on 19 March 2010. Marilyn's storylines have included being married twice, suffering from post-natal depression, losing her son, being electrocuted and developing cancer. Her significant relationships have been with Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn), Sid Walker (Robert Mammone) and later John Palmer (Shane Withington). Symons was nervous when she decided to audition for the role because she had previously been turned down for several parts in other shows. To prepare for her audition Symons and her acting coach created a backstory for Marilyn and they got to know her better. Symons decided to put on a \"breathy voice\" and purchased stiletto shoes for the character.", "Also at that time the police department had been receiving protests by media, public, and politicians concerning multiple scandals, like when a police academy graduate received fellatio from a prostitute at a police academy graduation party. Furthering their problems, police officers arrested a local journalist for walking his dog without a leash after the journalist wrote critically of the police department following the Chambers raid. In the wake of the Chambers raid and scandals by the police, the Board of Supervisors voted to strip the police department of their power to license strip clubs, and that the Mitchell Brothers should be paid $14,000 for damages resulting from the Chambers raid. Over the years, the Mitchells were the defendants in over 200 court cases involving obscenity or related charges. Mostly victorious, they were represented by aggressive counsel. In February 1991, the theater entered the news after Jim Mitchell fatally shot Artie. Michael Kennedy defended Jim Mitchell, and convinced the jury that Jim killed Artie because the latter was psychotic from drugs and had become dangerous. Later in 1996, Jim established the \"Artie Fund\" to raise money for drug-abuse prevention. Jim Mitchell was sentenced to six years in prison for voluntary manslaughter and released from San Quentin in 1997, after having served half his sentence. The trial is discussed in depth within the Mitchell Brothers Wikipedia article. During the celebrations for the O'Farrell's 30th anniversary in 1999, burlesque star Tempest Storm, by then in her 70s, danced on stage. Mayor Willie Brown declared a \"Tempest Storm Day\" in her honor. Marilyn Chambers returned to perform in the theater on July 28, 1999 in what Willie Brown dubbed \"Marilyn Chambers Day.\" When San Francisco's Commission on the Status of Women proposed in 2006 to ban private booths and rooms at adult clubs because of concerns about sexual assaults taking place there, several O'Farrell dancers spoke out against the ban.", "Marilyn and John's wedding won the 2015 \"TV Week\" and \"Soap Extra\" #OMGAward for Best Wedding. Dave Lanning from \"The People\" quipped that Marilyn \"has the mind of a humming bird and often flaps like one\". Sarah Thomas of \"The Sun-Herald\" branded Marilyn a \"ditzy glamour puss\". A writer for Holy Soap said that Marilyn's most memorable moment is \"Realising she had fallen in love with school principal Don Fisher and eventually marrying him\". On Marilyn's relationship with Donald, Chris Middendorp of \"The Age\" said \"While it lasted, it was one of the oddest couplings in television and fun to watch. They were like what would happen if Lawrence (sic) Olivier got hitched to a page-three girl.\" A Yahoo! reporter placed Marilyn and Donald on their \"Best-ever soap couples\" list and \"TV Week\" named them one of soap's \"Odd Couples\", saying \"Who could forget grumpy old Donald Fisher with kooky young Marilyn Chambers in \"Home and Away\"? \" The \"Sunday Mail\" simply brand her as \"the dizzy wife of stuffy headmaster Donald\". A writer from \"Inside Soap\" included Marilyn and Donald in their feature profiling unlikely couples. They branded her a \"half-wit hairdresser\" and him a \"haggard head\" who found happiness together. The writer added that \"at least Marilyn Chambers had a good excuse for her bizarre decision to go out with the aging Donald Fisher - she was as mad as a mongoose.\" Following Marilyn's abrupt departure in 1999, the show was \"bombarded\" by fans demanding to know what had happened to her. Steven Murphy from \"Inside Soap\" assessed that by 1998, Marilyn had changed drastically.", "Together (1971 film) Together is a 1971 film directed by Sean S. Cunningham. Cunningham's first film attracted Wes Craven, who wanted to be in the film business. This was Craven's first credit. Cunningham and Craven would later work on \"The Last House on the Left\". The film features a young Marilyn Chambers, billed under her real name, Marilyn Briggs. With the $100,000 profit from \"The Art of Marriage\", Cunningham rented his first office and began looking for another picture to shoot. He started collecting donations from family and friends, who contributed $1,000 each in some cases. Cunningham said \"The Art of Marriage\" was good (in terms of starting him off) but \"crummy\" and wanted to make a better version of the film. Cunningham shot the film \"Together\", which was intended in some ways to be a remake of \"Marriage\". After \"Together\" was shot Cunningham hired the struggling Wes Craven, who needed a job, money and was interested in getting into the film business. Cunningham was doing re-shoots for \"Together\" and hired Craven to synchronize the dailies from the three- to four-day reshoot. Craven then became assistant editor, and he and Cunningham had to mix under conditions of no money. There was a scene in the film that consisted of Marilyn Chambers and a \"very handsome\" black man. The scene involved Chambers running a yellow flower down the man's penis. Hallmark Releasing had never seen a scene like this before and wanted to exploit it. They subsequently bought the film for $10,000. They placed ads in the papers about the film and the theater was flooded with people wanting to see it. The line was said by Cunningham to have gone all the way around the block."], "answer": {"text": "Her biggest opportunity came in 1976 when it was announced in Variety that she was to star", "answer_start": 649}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Marilyn Chambers get her start in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1970s she was up for roles in several Hollywood films.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1f55a4bf3794354a85d1cde15f0bc8b_1_q#2", "question": "Who did she appear in films with?", "rewrite": "Who did Marilyn Chambers appear in films with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Marilyn and John's wedding won the 2015 \"TV Week\" and \"Soap Extra\" #OMGAward for Best Wedding. Dave Lanning from \"The People\" quipped that Marilyn \"has the mind of a humming bird and often flaps like one\". Sarah Thomas of \"The Sun-Herald\" branded Marilyn a \"ditzy glamour puss\". A writer for Holy Soap said that Marilyn's most memorable moment is \"Realising she had fallen in love with school principal Don Fisher and eventually marrying him\". On Marilyn's relationship with Donald, Chris Middendorp of \"The Age\" said \"While it lasted, it was one of the oddest couplings in television and fun to watch. They were like what would happen if Lawrence (sic) Olivier got hitched to a page-three girl.\" A Yahoo! reporter placed Marilyn and Donald on their \"Best-ever soap couples\" list and \"TV Week\" named them one of soap's \"Odd Couples\", saying \"Who could forget grumpy old Donald Fisher with kooky young Marilyn Chambers in \"Home and Away\"? \" The \"Sunday Mail\" simply brand her as \"the dizzy wife of stuffy headmaster Donald\". A writer from \"Inside Soap\" included Marilyn and Donald in their feature profiling unlikely couples. They branded her a \"half-wit hairdresser\" and him a \"haggard head\" who found happiness together. The writer added that \"at least Marilyn Chambers had a good excuse for her bizarre decision to go out with the aging Donald Fisher - she was as mad as a mongoose.\" Following Marilyn's abrupt departure in 1999, the show was \"bombarded\" by fans demanding to know what had happened to her. Steven Murphy from \"Inside Soap\" assessed that by 1998, Marilyn had changed drastically.", "Also at that time the police department had been receiving protests by media, public, and politicians concerning multiple scandals, like when a police academy graduate received fellatio from a prostitute at a police academy graduation party. Furthering their problems, police officers arrested a local journalist for walking his dog without a leash after the journalist wrote critically of the police department following the Chambers raid. In the wake of the Chambers raid and scandals by the police, the Board of Supervisors voted to strip the police department of their power to license strip clubs, and that the Mitchell Brothers should be paid $14,000 for damages resulting from the Chambers raid. Over the years, the Mitchells were the defendants in over 200 court cases involving obscenity or related charges. Mostly victorious, they were represented by aggressive counsel. In February 1991, the theater entered the news after Jim Mitchell fatally shot Artie. Michael Kennedy defended Jim Mitchell, and convinced the jury that Jim killed Artie because the latter was psychotic from drugs and had become dangerous. Later in 1996, Jim established the \"Artie Fund\" to raise money for drug-abuse prevention. Jim Mitchell was sentenced to six years in prison for voluntary manslaughter and released from San Quentin in 1997, after having served half his sentence. The trial is discussed in depth within the Mitchell Brothers Wikipedia article. During the celebrations for the O'Farrell's 30th anniversary in 1999, burlesque star Tempest Storm, by then in her 70s, danced on stage. Mayor Willie Brown declared a \"Tempest Storm Day\" in her honor. Marilyn Chambers returned to perform in the theater on July 28, 1999 in what Willie Brown dubbed \"Marilyn Chambers Day.\" When San Francisco's Commission on the Status of Women proposed in 2006 to ban private booths and rooms at adult clubs because of concerns about sexual assaults taking place there, several O'Farrell dancers spoke out against the ban.", "Marilyn Chambers (Home and Away) Marilyn Chambers (also Bryant and Fisher) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Emily Symons. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 18 May 1989. When Symons auditioned for the role she created a backstory for the character and dressed in a mini dress, stilettos and put on a breathy voice. She was successful and producer Andrew Howie cast her in the role. Writers introduced her as the girlfriend of established character Lance Smart (Peter Vroom). Marilyn is characterised as a bubbly and ditsy hairdresser who often makes She has a distinct bouffant hairstyle and unique dress sense which includes high heel shoes. Marilyn has become one of the show's most iconic characters during her tenure. Symons departed on 23 July 1992, but she returned on 5 June 1995 and stayed for four years, making her last appearance on 1 October 1999. She made a brief return from 31 August 2001 to 4 September 2001. In 2010, it was announced that Symons would be returning to \"Home and Away\" and Marilyn returned on 19 March 2010. Marilyn's storylines have included being married twice, suffering from post-natal depression, losing her son, being electrocuted and developing cancer. Her significant relationships have been with Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn), Sid Walker (Robert Mammone) and later John Palmer (Shane Withington). Symons was nervous when she decided to audition for the role because she had previously been turned down for several parts in other shows. To prepare for her audition Symons and her acting coach created a backstory for Marilyn and they got to know her better. Symons decided to put on a \"breathy voice\" and purchased stiletto shoes for the character.", "They brothers continue to fight, but eventually make up and Angelo drives Paulie back home to the city. Mitzy Fraser, played by Helen Dallimore, made her first screen appearance on 3 September 2010. Mitzy is a psychic who befriended Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) and offered her spiritual guidance when she was grieving for her son and fighting cancer. Mitzy comes to Summer Bay after having a vision about Marilyn's death. However, Mitzy's \"gloomy predictions\" do not go down well with Sid Walker (Robert Mammone). Describing Mitzy, Dallimore stated \"She is Marilyn's best friend from London, a bit of a loner because she is a psychic and she has been stigmatised. People are skeptical and they tend to not believe her, but in Marilyn she has found a believer and a kindred soul. \" Mitzy later suffers a fatal stroke during a disagreement with Marilyn, when she is confronted about her \"dodgy\" predictions. On her death bed she tells Marilyn that she made up her end date prediction, however she tells Sid the exact opposite. Yvette Chegwidden from \"TV Week\" called Mitzy \"kooky\". Mitzy comes to Summer Bay House to see Marilyn Chambers and reveals that she knows exactly when she is going to die. Marilyn's partner, Sid Walker, dismisses Mitzy's prediction and confronts her about her abilities. Romeo Smith (Luke Mitchell) asks Mitzy's advice about whether to have sex with his girlfriend and she gives him a cryptic answer. Mitzy learns Dexter Walker (Charles Cottier) has feelings for Marilyn and she tries to make him see that Marilyn does not have any for him. When Dexter becomes defensive, Mitzy kisses him to show him that it is not okay to push himself onto other people. Marilyn becomes upset with Mitzy", "Together (1971 film) Together is a 1971 film directed by Sean S. Cunningham. Cunningham's first film attracted Wes Craven, who wanted to be in the film business. This was Craven's first credit. Cunningham and Craven would later work on \"The Last House on the Left\". The film features a young Marilyn Chambers, billed under her real name, Marilyn Briggs. With the $100,000 profit from \"The Art of Marriage\", Cunningham rented his first office and began looking for another picture to shoot. He started collecting donations from family and friends, who contributed $1,000 each in some cases. Cunningham said \"The Art of Marriage\" was good (in terms of starting him off) but \"crummy\" and wanted to make a better version of the film. Cunningham shot the film \"Together\", which was intended in some ways to be a remake of \"Marriage\". After \"Together\" was shot Cunningham hired the struggling Wes Craven, who needed a job, money and was interested in getting into the film business. Cunningham was doing re-shoots for \"Together\" and hired Craven to synchronize the dailies from the three- to four-day reshoot. Craven then became assistant editor, and he and Cunningham had to mix under conditions of no money. There was a scene in the film that consisted of Marilyn Chambers and a \"very handsome\" black man. The scene involved Chambers running a yellow flower down the man's penis. Hallmark Releasing had never seen a scene like this before and wanted to exploit it. They subsequently bought the film for $10,000. They placed ads in the papers about the film and the theater was flooded with people wanting to see it. The line was said by Cunningham to have gone all the way around the block."], "answer": {"text": "Rip Torn", "answer_start": 750}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Marilyn Chambers get her start in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1970s she was up for roles in several Hollywood films.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What films did she appear in?", "answer": {"text": "Her biggest opportunity came in 1976 when it was announced in Variety that she was to star", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1f55a4bf3794354a85d1cde15f0bc8b_1_q#3", "question": "What type of films did she appear in?", "rewrite": "What type of films did Marilyn Chambers appear in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Also at that time the police department had been receiving protests by media, public, and politicians concerning multiple scandals, like when a police academy graduate received fellatio from a prostitute at a police academy graduation party. Furthering their problems, police officers arrested a local journalist for walking his dog without a leash after the journalist wrote critically of the police department following the Chambers raid. In the wake of the Chambers raid and scandals by the police, the Board of Supervisors voted to strip the police department of their power to license strip clubs, and that the Mitchell Brothers should be paid $14,000 for damages resulting from the Chambers raid. Over the years, the Mitchells were the defendants in over 200 court cases involving obscenity or related charges. Mostly victorious, they were represented by aggressive counsel. In February 1991, the theater entered the news after Jim Mitchell fatally shot Artie. Michael Kennedy defended Jim Mitchell, and convinced the jury that Jim killed Artie because the latter was psychotic from drugs and had become dangerous. Later in 1996, Jim established the \"Artie Fund\" to raise money for drug-abuse prevention. Jim Mitchell was sentenced to six years in prison for voluntary manslaughter and released from San Quentin in 1997, after having served half his sentence. The trial is discussed in depth within the Mitchell Brothers Wikipedia article. During the celebrations for the O'Farrell's 30th anniversary in 1999, burlesque star Tempest Storm, by then in her 70s, danced on stage. Mayor Willie Brown declared a \"Tempest Storm Day\" in her honor. Marilyn Chambers returned to perform in the theater on July 28, 1999 in what Willie Brown dubbed \"Marilyn Chambers Day.\" When San Francisco's Commission on the Status of Women proposed in 2006 to ban private booths and rooms at adult clubs because of concerns about sexual assaults taking place there, several O'Farrell dancers spoke out against the ban.", "They brothers continue to fight, but eventually make up and Angelo drives Paulie back home to the city. Mitzy Fraser, played by Helen Dallimore, made her first screen appearance on 3 September 2010. Mitzy is a psychic who befriended Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) and offered her spiritual guidance when she was grieving for her son and fighting cancer. Mitzy comes to Summer Bay after having a vision about Marilyn's death. However, Mitzy's \"gloomy predictions\" do not go down well with Sid Walker (Robert Mammone). Describing Mitzy, Dallimore stated \"She is Marilyn's best friend from London, a bit of a loner because she is a psychic and she has been stigmatised. People are skeptical and they tend to not believe her, but in Marilyn she has found a believer and a kindred soul. \" Mitzy later suffers a fatal stroke during a disagreement with Marilyn, when she is confronted about her \"dodgy\" predictions. On her death bed she tells Marilyn that she made up her end date prediction, however she tells Sid the exact opposite. Yvette Chegwidden from \"TV Week\" called Mitzy \"kooky\". Mitzy comes to Summer Bay House to see Marilyn Chambers and reveals that she knows exactly when she is going to die. Marilyn's partner, Sid Walker, dismisses Mitzy's prediction and confronts her about her abilities. Romeo Smith (Luke Mitchell) asks Mitzy's advice about whether to have sex with his girlfriend and she gives him a cryptic answer. Mitzy learns Dexter Walker (Charles Cottier) has feelings for Marilyn and she tries to make him see that Marilyn does not have any for him. When Dexter becomes defensive, Mitzy kisses him to show him that it is not okay to push himself onto other people. Marilyn becomes upset with Mitzy", "Together (1971 film) Together is a 1971 film directed by Sean S. Cunningham. Cunningham's first film attracted Wes Craven, who wanted to be in the film business. This was Craven's first credit. Cunningham and Craven would later work on \"The Last House on the Left\". The film features a young Marilyn Chambers, billed under her real name, Marilyn Briggs. With the $100,000 profit from \"The Art of Marriage\", Cunningham rented his first office and began looking for another picture to shoot. He started collecting donations from family and friends, who contributed $1,000 each in some cases. Cunningham said \"The Art of Marriage\" was good (in terms of starting him off) but \"crummy\" and wanted to make a better version of the film. Cunningham shot the film \"Together\", which was intended in some ways to be a remake of \"Marriage\". After \"Together\" was shot Cunningham hired the struggling Wes Craven, who needed a job, money and was interested in getting into the film business. Cunningham was doing re-shoots for \"Together\" and hired Craven to synchronize the dailies from the three- to four-day reshoot. Craven then became assistant editor, and he and Cunningham had to mix under conditions of no money. There was a scene in the film that consisted of Marilyn Chambers and a \"very handsome\" black man. The scene involved Chambers running a yellow flower down the man's penis. Hallmark Releasing had never seen a scene like this before and wanted to exploit it. They subsequently bought the film for $10,000. They placed ads in the papers about the film and the theater was flooded with people wanting to see it. The line was said by Cunningham to have gone all the way around the block.", "Marilyn Chambers (Home and Away) Marilyn Chambers (also Bryant and Fisher) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Emily Symons. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 18 May 1989. When Symons auditioned for the role she created a backstory for the character and dressed in a mini dress, stilettos and put on a breathy voice. She was successful and producer Andrew Howie cast her in the role. Writers introduced her as the girlfriend of established character Lance Smart (Peter Vroom). Marilyn is characterised as a bubbly and ditsy hairdresser who often makes She has a distinct bouffant hairstyle and unique dress sense which includes high heel shoes. Marilyn has become one of the show's most iconic characters during her tenure. Symons departed on 23 July 1992, but she returned on 5 June 1995 and stayed for four years, making her last appearance on 1 October 1999. She made a brief return from 31 August 2001 to 4 September 2001. In 2010, it was announced that Symons would be returning to \"Home and Away\" and Marilyn returned on 19 March 2010. Marilyn's storylines have included being married twice, suffering from post-natal depression, losing her son, being electrocuted and developing cancer. Her significant relationships have been with Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn), Sid Walker (Robert Mammone) and later John Palmer (Shane Withington). Symons was nervous when she decided to audition for the role because she had previously been turned down for several parts in other shows. To prepare for her audition Symons and her acting coach created a backstory for Marilyn and they got to know her better. Symons decided to put on a \"breathy voice\" and purchased stiletto shoes for the character.", "Marilyn and John's wedding won the 2015 \"TV Week\" and \"Soap Extra\" #OMGAward for Best Wedding. Dave Lanning from \"The People\" quipped that Marilyn \"has the mind of a humming bird and often flaps like one\". Sarah Thomas of \"The Sun-Herald\" branded Marilyn a \"ditzy glamour puss\". A writer for Holy Soap said that Marilyn's most memorable moment is \"Realising she had fallen in love with school principal Don Fisher and eventually marrying him\". On Marilyn's relationship with Donald, Chris Middendorp of \"The Age\" said \"While it lasted, it was one of the oddest couplings in television and fun to watch. They were like what would happen if Lawrence (sic) Olivier got hitched to a page-three girl.\" A Yahoo! reporter placed Marilyn and Donald on their \"Best-ever soap couples\" list and \"TV Week\" named them one of soap's \"Odd Couples\", saying \"Who could forget grumpy old Donald Fisher with kooky young Marilyn Chambers in \"Home and Away\"? \" The \"Sunday Mail\" simply brand her as \"the dizzy wife of stuffy headmaster Donald\". A writer from \"Inside Soap\" included Marilyn and Donald in their feature profiling unlikely couples. They branded her a \"half-wit hairdresser\" and him a \"haggard head\" who found happiness together. The writer added that \"at least Marilyn Chambers had a good excuse for her bizarre decision to go out with the aging Donald Fisher - she was as mad as a mongoose.\" Following Marilyn's abrupt departure in 1999, the show was \"bombarded\" by fans demanding to know what had happened to her. Steven Murphy from \"Inside Soap\" assessed that by 1998, Marilyn had changed drastically."], "answer": {"text": "I became known as a porno star, and that type of labeling really hurt me. It hurt my chances of doing anything else\".", "answer_start": 461}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Marilyn Chambers get her start in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1970s she was up for roles in several Hollywood films.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What films did she appear in?", "answer": {"text": "Her biggest opportunity came in 1976 when it was announced in Variety that she was to star", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she appear in films with?", "answer": {"text": "Rip Torn", "answer_start": 750, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1f55a4bf3794354a85d1cde15f0bc8b_1_q#4", "question": "Why was she labeled a porno star?", "rewrite": "Why was Marilyn Chambers labeled a porno star?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Marilyn Chambers (Home and Away) Marilyn Chambers (also Bryant and Fisher) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Emily Symons. She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 18 May 1989. When Symons auditioned for the role she created a backstory for the character and dressed in a mini dress, stilettos and put on a breathy voice. She was successful and producer Andrew Howie cast her in the role. Writers introduced her as the girlfriend of established character Lance Smart (Peter Vroom). Marilyn is characterised as a bubbly and ditsy hairdresser who often makes She has a distinct bouffant hairstyle and unique dress sense which includes high heel shoes. Marilyn has become one of the show's most iconic characters during her tenure. Symons departed on 23 July 1992, but she returned on 5 June 1995 and stayed for four years, making her last appearance on 1 October 1999. She made a brief return from 31 August 2001 to 4 September 2001. In 2010, it was announced that Symons would be returning to \"Home and Away\" and Marilyn returned on 19 March 2010. Marilyn's storylines have included being married twice, suffering from post-natal depression, losing her son, being electrocuted and developing cancer. Her significant relationships have been with Donald Fisher (Norman Coburn), Sid Walker (Robert Mammone) and later John Palmer (Shane Withington). Symons was nervous when she decided to audition for the role because she had previously been turned down for several parts in other shows. To prepare for her audition Symons and her acting coach created a backstory for Marilyn and they got to know her better. Symons decided to put on a \"breathy voice\" and purchased stiletto shoes for the character.", "Chambers dreamed of having a career in mainstream films and believed her celebrity as the star of Behind the Green Door and the Ivory Snow girl would be a stepping stone to other endeavors. \"The paradox was that, as a result of Green Door, Hollywood blackballed me,\" she said later. \"[Green Door] became a very high-grossing film...But, to a lot of people, it was still a dirty movie; for me to do anything else, as an actress, was totally out of the question. I became known as a porno star, and that type of labeling really hurt me. It hurt my chances of doing anything else\". Throughout the 1970s she was up for roles in several Hollywood films. Her biggest opportunity came in 1976 when it was announced in Variety that she was to star alongside Rip Torn in City Blues, a film about a young hooker defended by a seedy lawyer. The film was to be directed by Nicholas Ray. Ray had never seen Behind the Green Door or even screen-tested Chambers. Instead the two met and Ray was impressed. \"I have a camera in my head,\" he said, adding that Chambers would \"eventually be able to handle anything that the young Katie Hepburn or Bette Davis could.\" However, the project never came to fruition, in large part due to Ray's alcohol and drug abuse. Chambers claimed that Jack Nicholson and Art Garfunkel brought her in to talk about a role in the 1978 film Goin' South, then asked her for cocaine and grilled her about whether her orgasms in Behind the Green Door were real; she was angered to the point where she stormed out of the interview. She was going to be cast in the film Hardcore, opposite George C. Scott, but the casting director took one look at her and said she was too wholesome to be cast as a porn queen.", "Marilyn and John's wedding won the 2015 \"TV Week\" and \"Soap Extra\" #OMGAward for Best Wedding. Dave Lanning from \"The People\" quipped that Marilyn \"has the mind of a humming bird and often flaps like one\". Sarah Thomas of \"The Sun-Herald\" branded Marilyn a \"ditzy glamour puss\". A writer for Holy Soap said that Marilyn's most memorable moment is \"Realising she had fallen in love with school principal Don Fisher and eventually marrying him\". On Marilyn's relationship with Donald, Chris Middendorp of \"The Age\" said \"While it lasted, it was one of the oddest couplings in television and fun to watch. They were like what would happen if Lawrence (sic) Olivier got hitched to a page-three girl.\" A Yahoo! reporter placed Marilyn and Donald on their \"Best-ever soap couples\" list and \"TV Week\" named them one of soap's \"Odd Couples\", saying \"Who could forget grumpy old Donald Fisher with kooky young Marilyn Chambers in \"Home and Away\"? \" The \"Sunday Mail\" simply brand her as \"the dizzy wife of stuffy headmaster Donald\". A writer from \"Inside Soap\" included Marilyn and Donald in their feature profiling unlikely couples. They branded her a \"half-wit hairdresser\" and him a \"haggard head\" who found happiness together. The writer added that \"at least Marilyn Chambers had a good excuse for her bizarre decision to go out with the aging Donald Fisher - she was as mad as a mongoose.\" Following Marilyn's abrupt departure in 1999, the show was \"bombarded\" by fans demanding to know what had happened to her. Steven Murphy from \"Inside Soap\" assessed that by 1998, Marilyn had changed drastically.", "Also at that time the police department had been receiving protests by media, public, and politicians concerning multiple scandals, like when a police academy graduate received fellatio from a prostitute at a police academy graduation party. Furthering their problems, police officers arrested a local journalist for walking his dog without a leash after the journalist wrote critically of the police department following the Chambers raid. In the wake of the Chambers raid and scandals by the police, the Board of Supervisors voted to strip the police department of their power to license strip clubs, and that the Mitchell Brothers should be paid $14,000 for damages resulting from the Chambers raid. Over the years, the Mitchells were the defendants in over 200 court cases involving obscenity or related charges. Mostly victorious, they were represented by aggressive counsel. In February 1991, the theater entered the news after Jim Mitchell fatally shot Artie. Michael Kennedy defended Jim Mitchell, and convinced the jury that Jim killed Artie because the latter was psychotic from drugs and had become dangerous. Later in 1996, Jim established the \"Artie Fund\" to raise money for drug-abuse prevention. Jim Mitchell was sentenced to six years in prison for voluntary manslaughter and released from San Quentin in 1997, after having served half his sentence. The trial is discussed in depth within the Mitchell Brothers Wikipedia article. During the celebrations for the O'Farrell's 30th anniversary in 1999, burlesque star Tempest Storm, by then in her 70s, danced on stage. Mayor Willie Brown declared a \"Tempest Storm Day\" in her honor. Marilyn Chambers returned to perform in the theater on July 28, 1999 in what Willie Brown dubbed \"Marilyn Chambers Day.\" When San Francisco's Commission on the Status of Women proposed in 2006 to ban private booths and rooms at adult clubs because of concerns about sexual assaults taking place there, several O'Farrell dancers spoke out against the ban.", "They brothers continue to fight, but eventually make up and Angelo drives Paulie back home to the city. Mitzy Fraser, played by Helen Dallimore, made her first screen appearance on 3 September 2010. Mitzy is a psychic who befriended Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) and offered her spiritual guidance when she was grieving for her son and fighting cancer. Mitzy comes to Summer Bay after having a vision about Marilyn's death. However, Mitzy's \"gloomy predictions\" do not go down well with Sid Walker (Robert Mammone). Describing Mitzy, Dallimore stated \"She is Marilyn's best friend from London, a bit of a loner because she is a psychic and she has been stigmatised. People are skeptical and they tend to not believe her, but in Marilyn she has found a believer and a kindred soul. \" Mitzy later suffers a fatal stroke during a disagreement with Marilyn, when she is confronted about her \"dodgy\" predictions. On her death bed she tells Marilyn that she made up her end date prediction, however she tells Sid the exact opposite. Yvette Chegwidden from \"TV Week\" called Mitzy \"kooky\". Mitzy comes to Summer Bay House to see Marilyn Chambers and reveals that she knows exactly when she is going to die. Marilyn's partner, Sid Walker, dismisses Mitzy's prediction and confronts her about her abilities. Romeo Smith (Luke Mitchell) asks Mitzy's advice about whether to have sex with his girlfriend and she gives him a cryptic answer. Mitzy learns Dexter Walker (Charles Cottier) has feelings for Marilyn and she tries to make him see that Marilyn does not have any for him. When Dexter becomes defensive, Mitzy kisses him to show him that it is not okay to push himself onto other people. Marilyn becomes upset with Mitzy"], "answer": {"text": "as a result of Green Door, Hollywood blackballed me,", "answer_start": 213}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Marilyn Chambers get her start in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1970s she was up for roles in several Hollywood films.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What films did she appear in?", "answer": {"text": "Her biggest opportunity came in 1976 when it was announced in Variety that she was to star", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did she appear in films with?", "answer": {"text": "Rip Torn", "answer_start": 750, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What type of films did she appear in?", "answer": {"text": "I became known as a porno star, and that type of labeling really hurt me. It hurt my chances of doing anything else\".", "answer_start": 461, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_438c83e3a5674caa9a397ebe4e9d8712_1_q#0", "question": "Can you tell me a little about the Conception of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me a little about the Conception of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music was the 18th overall LP Charles had recorded. According to him, the title of the album was conceived by producer Sid Feller and ABC-Paramount's executives and management people. The recording sessions for the album took place at three sessions in mid-February 1962. The first two sessions were set on February 5 and 7 at Capitol Studios in New York, New York, at which one half of the album was recorded and produced. The other half was recorded on February 15 of that same year at United Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. Instead of drawing what he should record from memory and his knowledge of country music, Charles asked Feller, his newly appointed A&R (Artists and Repertoire) man, to research top country standards through major country music publishers. By canvassing premier country publishing companies, such as Acuff-Rose Publishing (which featured the Hank Williams catalog) and Hill & Range Songs (most of which were located in Nashville, Tennessee), Feller amassed around 250 songs on tape for Charles to consider recording for Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music. From New York City, Feller sent the recordings to Charles, who was living in California at the time, for him to choose. According to music essayist Daniel Cooper:  While his selections provided the album's country and western foundation, the musical arrangements represented its contemporary influence. Eager to display his big band ensemble in studio, Charles enlisted premier jazz arrangers Gerald Wilson and Gil Fuller, while Marty Paich, who was active in the West Coast jazz scene, was hired to arrange the lush strings and chorus numbers. Despite enlisting a roster of professional arrangers and musicians, Charles intended to control the artistic direction of the recordings.", "Here We Go Again\" as a single. In November 1959, after twelve years as a professional musician, Ray Charles signed with ABC Records, following the expiration of his Atlantic Records contract. According to Will Friedwald in \"A Biographical Guide to the Great Jazz and Pop Singers\", \"His first four ABC albums were all primarily devoted to standards... \" In the 1960s, he experienced crossover success with both rhythm and blues and country music. Because Charles was signed to ABC as a rhythm and blues singer, he decided to wait until his contract was up for its three-year renewal before experimenting with country music, although he wanted to do so sooner. With the assistance of ABC executive Sid Feller, he gathered a set of country songs to record, despite the wishes of ABC. The release of his 1962 country albums \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" and its follow-up \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2 \" broadened the appeal of his music to the mainstream. At this point, Charles began to appeal more to a white audience. In 1962 he founded his own record label, Tangerine Records, which ABC-Paramount promoted and distributed. \"Here We Go Again\" was recorded during a phase in Charles' career when he was focused on performing country music. Thus, \"Here We Go Again\" was a country music song released by the Tangerine label ABC-Paramount, but performed in Charles' rhythm and blues style. However, his works did not bear the Tangerine label until 1968. Feller left ABC in 1965, but he returned to arrange Charles' 1967 album, \"Ray Charles Invites You to Listen\". Joe Adams produced and engineered the album, which included \"Here We Go Again\". First released by Charles in 1967, \"Here We Go Again\" was written by Lanier and Steagall and published by the Dirk Music Company.", "Friendship (Ray Charles album) Friendship is a studio album by American singer and pianist Ray Charles. It was produced by Billy Sherrill and released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. The album peaked at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. The album was one of several in the mid-1980s that featured Charles returning to country music after a two decade absence; he had previously recorded the two-volume \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" to much acclaim in 1962. For \"Friendship\", Charles collaborated with several established country stars in a series of duets. Whereas the \"Modern Sounds\" singles were not explicitly released to country radio, the singles from \"Friendship\" were, and the album provided Charles with his highest charting hits on the country charts, including a number-one country hit with Willie Nelson, \"Seven Spanish Angels\". \"Friendship\" was first released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. It reached the number-one position on the \"Billboard\"s Top Country Albums and remained on the chart for 70 weeks. According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the album was \"a big hit, really the last genuine hit when Charles was alive\", as well as \"the pinnacle of his '80s country-pop records, the one where Ray truly captured the sound of the era\". It was later reissued by Columbia as \"Ray Charles and Friends' Super Hits\". In 2005, \"Friendship\" was reissued again by Columbia in partnership with Legacy Recordings. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Erlewine judged the album's best moments to be \"merely pleasant; at it's worst, it's simply dull\" and \"more of a testament to the power of Sherrill's Music City machine than it is to Charles' greatness.\"", "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two is a 1962 album by Ray Charles. It is the second volume of country and western recordings by Charles following his landmark debut on ABC Records. Following the surprising success of \" Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\", an album of country music covers, which sold over a million copies, Charles and producer Sid Feller decided to do a follow-up. Unlike the previous album, where slow and fast tracks more or less alternated, this one features one side performed by the Ray Charles Big Band with the Raelettes, while the other side features a string section and the Jack Halloran Singers. The album has been reissued on CD, coupled with Volume 1, and is also featured on \"The Complete Country & Western Recordings: 1959-1986\" Box Set which also features the first \"C & W\" volume and many of Charles' later country recordings. In \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\" (1992), J. D. Considine regarded the second \"Modern Sounds\" album as superior to the first, \"because its balladry is smoother (as with his version of Williams's 'Your Cheatin' Heart') and because the blues tunes rock harder (check his smouldering rendition of Gibson's 'Don't Tell Me Your Troubles').\" AllMusic's Richard S. Ginell said it \"defied the curse of the sequel and was just as much of an artistic triumph as its predecessor, if not as immediately startling\". Robert Christgau, on the other hand, preferred the first volume, writing in \"Rolling Stone\" that the second was a \"half a step down\".", "Loretta Lynn and Conway Twitty released a duet version of the song in 1988 and used it as the title track for their final album together. Although the song was not a radio hit for them, it was a popular number at their concerts and the album sold fairly well via television ads. Ray Charles released this song on the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two in 1962. Punk Rock group, Social Distortion, released this song on the album \" Somewhere Between Heaven and Hell\" in 1992 and a few years later, they also included the song on the DVD Live in Orange County released in 2003. Metal band Volbeat also released this song on the album Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood in 2008. The Strangers:"], "answer": {"text": "Charles sought to experiment with country music.", "answer_start": 142}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_438c83e3a5674caa9a397ebe4e9d8712_1_q#1", "question": "Where was he when he conceived of the album?", "rewrite": "Where was Charles when he conceived of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Here We Go Again\" as a single. In November 1959, after twelve years as a professional musician, Ray Charles signed with ABC Records, following the expiration of his Atlantic Records contract. According to Will Friedwald in \"A Biographical Guide to the Great Jazz and Pop Singers\", \"His first four ABC albums were all primarily devoted to standards... \" In the 1960s, he experienced crossover success with both rhythm and blues and country music. Because Charles was signed to ABC as a rhythm and blues singer, he decided to wait until his contract was up for its three-year renewal before experimenting with country music, although he wanted to do so sooner. With the assistance of ABC executive Sid Feller, he gathered a set of country songs to record, despite the wishes of ABC. The release of his 1962 country albums \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" and its follow-up \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2 \" broadened the appeal of his music to the mainstream. At this point, Charles began to appeal more to a white audience. In 1962 he founded his own record label, Tangerine Records, which ABC-Paramount promoted and distributed. \"Here We Go Again\" was recorded during a phase in Charles' career when he was focused on performing country music. Thus, \"Here We Go Again\" was a country music song released by the Tangerine label ABC-Paramount, but performed in Charles' rhythm and blues style. However, his works did not bear the Tangerine label until 1968. Feller left ABC in 1965, but he returned to arrange Charles' 1967 album, \"Ray Charles Invites You to Listen\". Joe Adams produced and engineered the album, which included \"Here We Go Again\". First released by Charles in 1967, \"Here We Go Again\" was written by Lanier and Steagall and published by the Dirk Music Company.", "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two is a 1962 album by Ray Charles. It is the second volume of country and western recordings by Charles following his landmark debut on ABC Records. Following the surprising success of \" Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\", an album of country music covers, which sold over a million copies, Charles and producer Sid Feller decided to do a follow-up. Unlike the previous album, where slow and fast tracks more or less alternated, this one features one side performed by the Ray Charles Big Band with the Raelettes, while the other side features a string section and the Jack Halloran Singers. The album has been reissued on CD, coupled with Volume 1, and is also featured on \"The Complete Country & Western Recordings: 1959-1986\" Box Set which also features the first \"C & W\" volume and many of Charles' later country recordings. In \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\" (1992), J. D. Considine regarded the second \"Modern Sounds\" album as superior to the first, \"because its balladry is smoother (as with his version of Williams's 'Your Cheatin' Heart') and because the blues tunes rock harder (check his smouldering rendition of Gibson's 'Don't Tell Me Your Troubles').\" AllMusic's Richard S. Ginell said it \"defied the curse of the sequel and was just as much of an artistic triumph as its predecessor, if not as immediately startling\". Robert Christgau, on the other hand, preferred the first volume, writing in \"Rolling Stone\" that the second was a \"half a step down\".", "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music was the 18th overall LP Charles had recorded. According to him, the title of the album was conceived by producer Sid Feller and ABC-Paramount's executives and management people. The recording sessions for the album took place at three sessions in mid-February 1962. The first two sessions were set on February 5 and 7 at Capitol Studios in New York, New York, at which one half of the album was recorded and produced. The other half was recorded on February 15 of that same year at United Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. Instead of drawing what he should record from memory and his knowledge of country music, Charles asked Feller, his newly appointed A&R (Artists and Repertoire) man, to research top country standards through major country music publishers. By canvassing premier country publishing companies, such as Acuff-Rose Publishing (which featured the Hank Williams catalog) and Hill & Range Songs (most of which were located in Nashville, Tennessee), Feller amassed around 250 songs on tape for Charles to consider recording for Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music. From New York City, Feller sent the recordings to Charles, who was living in California at the time, for him to choose. According to music essayist Daniel Cooper:  While his selections provided the album's country and western foundation, the musical arrangements represented its contemporary influence. Eager to display his big band ensemble in studio, Charles enlisted premier jazz arrangers Gerald Wilson and Gil Fuller, while Marty Paich, who was active in the West Coast jazz scene, was hired to arrange the lush strings and chorus numbers. Despite enlisting a roster of professional arrangers and musicians, Charles intended to control the artistic direction of the recordings.", "Friendship (Ray Charles album) Friendship is a studio album by American singer and pianist Ray Charles. It was produced by Billy Sherrill and released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. The album peaked at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. The album was one of several in the mid-1980s that featured Charles returning to country music after a two decade absence; he had previously recorded the two-volume \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" to much acclaim in 1962. For \"Friendship\", Charles collaborated with several established country stars in a series of duets. Whereas the \"Modern Sounds\" singles were not explicitly released to country radio, the singles from \"Friendship\" were, and the album provided Charles with his highest charting hits on the country charts, including a number-one country hit with Willie Nelson, \"Seven Spanish Angels\". \"Friendship\" was first released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. It reached the number-one position on the \"Billboard\"s Top Country Albums and remained on the chart for 70 weeks. According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the album was \"a big hit, really the last genuine hit when Charles was alive\", as well as \"the pinnacle of his '80s country-pop records, the one where Ray truly captured the sound of the era\". It was later reissued by Columbia as \"Ray Charles and Friends' Super Hits\". In 2005, \"Friendship\" was reissued again by Columbia in partnership with Legacy Recordings. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Erlewine judged the album's best moments to be \"merely pleasant; at it's worst, it's simply dull\" and \"more of a testament to the power of Sherrill's Music City machine than it is to Charles' greatness.\"", "Loretta Lynn and Conway Twitty released a duet version of the song in 1988 and used it as the title track for their final album together. Although the song was not a radio hit for them, it was a popular number at their concerts and the album sold fairly well via television ads. Ray Charles released this song on the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two in 1962. Punk Rock group, Social Distortion, released this song on the album \" Somewhere Between Heaven and Hell\" in 1992 and a few years later, they also included the song on the DVD Live in Orange County released in 2003. Metal band Volbeat also released this song on the album Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood in 2008. The Strangers:"], "answer": {"text": "in the United States,", "answer_start": 138}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me a little about the Conception of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "answer": {"text": "Charles sought to experiment with country music.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_438c83e3a5674caa9a397ebe4e9d8712_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than Charles wanting to experiment with country music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Country Music News Country Music News was a Canadian monthly periodical published in Ottawa by Larry Delaney and Joanne Delaney. It calls itself \"The Voice Of Country Music in Canada\". \"Country Music News\" was first published on 1 April 1980. The magazine, published monthly, was started with the name Capital Country News which was changed to Country Music News in 1982. Its mission was to provide Canadian country music artists, songwriters, and the industry with accurate and meaningful print media exposure in Canada and around the world. It was the only national print media serving Canadian country music artists and fans of the genre. \"Country Music News\" established a string of reporters from across Canada, contributing monthly reports on the country music happenings in all parts of Canada. These regular columns were supported by a monthly Nashville country music report as well as in-depth CD reviews, feature articles, industry news, songwriter features, and a \"Top 100 Cancountry Hit Chart\". Print coverage was supported by dozens of exclusive photos of Canadian country music stars. After publishing a total of 383 monthly issues Country Music News ceased publication in March 2012. Editor/publisher Larry Delaney is considered an expert on Canadian country music, its performers, and songwriters, and owns one of the most extensive library collections of Canadian recorded country music. Delaney is an eleven-time recipient of the Canadian Country Music Association's prestigious \"Country Music Person Of The Year\" industry award, was among the inaugural inductees of the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame (1989), and was inducted into the CCMA's Hall of Honour in 1996. Joanne Delaney handles some of the creative and administrative tasks of the periodical, and was inducted along with her husband into the Ottawa Valley Country Music Hall of Fame in 1993.", "The lists include: celebratory and ritual dances such as Ma'di bowl lyre music and dance from Uganda and Kalbelia folk songs and dances of Rajasthan from India, and social dances such as Cuban rumba. Also, some dances are localised and practised mainly in their country of origin, such as Sankirtana, a performing art that includes drumming and singing, from India. Other dance forms, however, even if they are officially recognised as heritage from their country of origin, are practised and enjoyed all over the world. For example, flamenco from Spain and tango, from Argentina and Uruguay, have a very international dimension. Dance is a very complex phenomenon, which involves culture, traditions, the use of human bodies, artefacts (such as costumes and props), as well as a specific use of music, space and sometimes light. As a result, a lot of tangible and intangible elements are combined within dance, making it a challenging but extremely interesting type of heritage to safeguard. Digital heritage is a representation of heritage in the digital realm. Digital intangible heritage is a sub-category of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Intangible cultural heritage is passed orally within a community, and while there may be individuals who are known tradition bearers, ICH is often broader than one individual's own skills or knowledge. A 2006 report by the government of Newfoundland and Labrador said, regarding oral culture in their area, \"The processes involved in the continuation of this traditional knowledge constitute one of the most interesting aspects of our living heritage. Each member of the community possesses a piece of the shared knowledge. Crucial knowledge is passed on during community activities, frequently without any conscious attention to the process.\" Prior to the UNESCO Convention, efforts had already been made by a number of states to safeguard their intangible heritage.", "Tony Byworth Tony Byworth is a British journalist. Tony Byworth has been involved in country music for over 35 years, working initially as a country music journalist with columns in various publications and editing the consumer publication Country Music People. Working within the industry, he was creative manager for Acuff-Rose Music and, in 1983, founded Byworth-Wootton International. In addition, he has written several books on country music and prolific album compiler and sleeve note writer. He is the recipient of several awards, including CMA (GB) Journalist Of The Year (1976 and '77)and the recipient of the Country Music Association\u2019s prestigious Wesley Rose (Foreign Media Achievement) Award in 1993. He lives in Knebworth, Hertfordshire though equally at home in the US - both in Nashville, Tennessee and Austin, Texas - where he has visited regularly over the years. A founding member of the BCMA (British Country Music Association) consumer organisation in 1969 , Tony Byworth was twice elected chairman of the trade CMA (Great Britain) in 1975 and 1976. He was creative manager at Acuff-Rose Music's London office (1974\u201376), appointed by Nashville chief Wesley Rose. In 1983 he founded Byworth-Wootton International (with Richard Wootton), a music services company working on behalf of American country music artists. Byworth edited the monthly magazine Country Music People for six years (1977\u201383), was a contributing editor for Billboard, Music Week and The Stage and TV Today, and provided columns for pop music publications (including Record Mirror and Sounds) throughout the 1970s and early 80s. In 1984, Tony co-founded Byworth-Wootton International with Richard Wootton, the UK's first country-music services company, which led to working with many top US artists and managements wanting to develop British careers.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Other significant country music festivals include the Whittlesea Country Music Festival (near Melbourne) and the Mildura Country Music Festival for \"independent\" performers during October, and the Canberra Country Music Festival held in the national capital during November. \"Country HQ\" showcases new talent on the rise in the country music scene down under. CMC (the Country Music Channel), a 24\u2011hour music channel dedicated to non-stop country music, can be viewed on pay TV and features once a year the Golden Guitar Awards, CMAs and CCMAs alongside international shows such as \"The Wilkinsons\", \"The Road Hammers\", and \"Country Music Across America\". Country music has enjoyed mainstream exposure and success throughout the '60s and '70s in the United Kingdom. However, this somewhat diminished in the '90s and 2000s. Though, there have been exceptions such as Garth Brooks and Shania Twain in the '90s (particularly the latter) and Taylor Swift, Carrie Underwood, Lady Antebellum and the Dixie Chicks in the 2000s. Crossover hits (in terms of singles and albums) within the country genre are few and far between and have been since the '80s. There are some British country music acts and publications. Although radio stations devoted to country are among the most popular in other Anglophone nations, none of the top 10 most-listened-to stations in the UK are country stations, and national broadcaster BBC Radio does not offer a full-time country station (BBC Radio 2 Country, a \"pop-up\" station, operated four days each year between 2015 and 2017). The BBC does offer a country show on BBC Radio 2 each week hosted by Bob Harris. UK Country music is overseen by the British Country Music Association. The most successful British country music act of the 21st century are Ward Thomas and the Shires."], "answer": {"text": "), Charles was influenced by the genre in his youth, stating that he \"used to play piano in a hillbilly band\"", "answer_start": 252}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me a little about the Conception of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "answer": {"text": "Charles sought to experiment with country music.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he when he conceived of the album?", "answer": {"text": "in the United States,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_438c83e3a5674caa9a397ebe4e9d8712_1_q#3", "question": "Why did he conceive of this album aside from his interest in the genre during his youth?", "rewrite": "Why did Charles conceive of Modern Sounds in Country and Western aside from his interest in the genre during his youth?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Autonational Rescue Autonational Rescue is a car breakdown service based in the United Kingdom (head office in Brentwood, Essex) that provides roadside and recovery assistance to motorists. The company has been running since 1992 and is administered by Equity Red Star, an appointed representative of Equity Syndicate Management Limited, authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority. Equity Red Star has been insuring business and personal lines customers for more than 60 years, becoming established as one of the UK\u2019s leading motor insurers. It provides Emergency Breakdown Assistance to over 500,000 members through a network of approximately 1,200 Breakdown Specialists who have in excess over 5,000 vehicles at their disposal. They are primarily members of the Association of Vehicle Operators (AVRO) or the Road Rescue Recovery Association (RRRA). Autonational Rescue provides different levels of breakdown cover, ranging from the basic emergency assistance at the side of the road, to full recovery of the vehicle and passengers. They use a \u201cmix and match\u201d packaging that offers a basic starter service that can be augmented by extras. Autonational Rescue was one of the first breakdown organisations to operate a \u201cNo Claims Bonus\u201d, providing customers with a discount on their premiums if they had not had a breakdown in the 12 months previous to taking out a membership. Autonational Rescue was awarded \u201cBest Online Breakdown Cover Provider\u201d in 2011\u2019s edition of the Your Money Awards, organised by Your Money magazine. Autonational Rescue was awarded \u201cBest Online Breakdown Cover Provider\u201d in 2010\u2019s edition of the Your Money Awards, organised by Your Money magazine. Autonational Rescue were considered top scorer by a voting panel of Your Money readers throughout the UK. Autonational Rescue came as 3rd favourite breakdown provider in the \u201c2009 Driver Power\u201d survey by Auto Express magazine.", "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music was the 18th overall LP Charles had recorded. According to him, the title of the album was conceived by producer Sid Feller and ABC-Paramount's executives and management people. The recording sessions for the album took place at three sessions in mid-February 1962. The first two sessions were set on February 5 and 7 at Capitol Studios in New York, New York, at which one half of the album was recorded and produced. The other half was recorded on February 15 of that same year at United Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. Instead of drawing what he should record from memory and his knowledge of country music, Charles asked Feller, his newly appointed A&R (Artists and Repertoire) man, to research top country standards through major country music publishers. By canvassing premier country publishing companies, such as Acuff-Rose Publishing (which featured the Hank Williams catalog) and Hill & Range Songs (most of which were located in Nashville, Tennessee), Feller amassed around 250 songs on tape for Charles to consider recording for Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music. From New York City, Feller sent the recordings to Charles, who was living in California at the time, for him to choose. According to music essayist Daniel Cooper:  While his selections provided the album's country and western foundation, the musical arrangements represented its contemporary influence. Eager to display his big band ensemble in studio, Charles enlisted premier jazz arrangers Gerald Wilson and Gil Fuller, while Marty Paich, who was active in the West Coast jazz scene, was hired to arrange the lush strings and chorus numbers. Despite enlisting a roster of professional arrangers and musicians, Charles intended to control the artistic direction of the recordings.", "Here We Go Again\" as a single. In November 1959, after twelve years as a professional musician, Ray Charles signed with ABC Records, following the expiration of his Atlantic Records contract. According to Will Friedwald in \"A Biographical Guide to the Great Jazz and Pop Singers\", \"His first four ABC albums were all primarily devoted to standards... \" In the 1960s, he experienced crossover success with both rhythm and blues and country music. Because Charles was signed to ABC as a rhythm and blues singer, he decided to wait until his contract was up for its three-year renewal before experimenting with country music, although he wanted to do so sooner. With the assistance of ABC executive Sid Feller, he gathered a set of country songs to record, despite the wishes of ABC. The release of his 1962 country albums \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" and its follow-up \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2 \" broadened the appeal of his music to the mainstream. At this point, Charles began to appeal more to a white audience. In 1962 he founded his own record label, Tangerine Records, which ABC-Paramount promoted and distributed. \"Here We Go Again\" was recorded during a phase in Charles' career when he was focused on performing country music. Thus, \"Here We Go Again\" was a country music song released by the Tangerine label ABC-Paramount, but performed in Charles' rhythm and blues style. However, his works did not bear the Tangerine label until 1968. Feller left ABC in 1965, but he returned to arrange Charles' 1967 album, \"Ray Charles Invites You to Listen\". Joe Adams produced and engineered the album, which included \"Here We Go Again\". First released by Charles in 1967, \"Here We Go Again\" was written by Lanier and Steagall and published by the Dirk Music Company.", "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two is a 1962 album by Ray Charles. It is the second volume of country and western recordings by Charles following his landmark debut on ABC Records. Following the surprising success of \" Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\", an album of country music covers, which sold over a million copies, Charles and producer Sid Feller decided to do a follow-up. Unlike the previous album, where slow and fast tracks more or less alternated, this one features one side performed by the Ray Charles Big Band with the Raelettes, while the other side features a string section and the Jack Halloran Singers. The album has been reissued on CD, coupled with Volume 1, and is also featured on \"The Complete Country & Western Recordings: 1959-1986\" Box Set which also features the first \"C & W\" volume and many of Charles' later country recordings. In \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\" (1992), J. D. Considine regarded the second \"Modern Sounds\" album as superior to the first, \"because its balladry is smoother (as with his version of Williams's 'Your Cheatin' Heart') and because the blues tunes rock harder (check his smouldering rendition of Gibson's 'Don't Tell Me Your Troubles').\" AllMusic's Richard S. Ginell said it \"defied the curse of the sequel and was just as much of an artistic triumph as its predecessor, if not as immediately startling\". Robert Christgau, on the other hand, preferred the first volume, writing in \"Rolling Stone\" that the second was a \"half a step down\".", "Friendship (Ray Charles album) Friendship is a studio album by American singer and pianist Ray Charles. It was produced by Billy Sherrill and released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. The album peaked at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. The album was one of several in the mid-1980s that featured Charles returning to country music after a two decade absence; he had previously recorded the two-volume \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" to much acclaim in 1962. For \"Friendship\", Charles collaborated with several established country stars in a series of duets. Whereas the \"Modern Sounds\" singles were not explicitly released to country radio, the singles from \"Friendship\" were, and the album provided Charles with his highest charting hits on the country charts, including a number-one country hit with Willie Nelson, \"Seven Spanish Angels\". \"Friendship\" was first released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. It reached the number-one position on the \"Billboard\"s Top Country Albums and remained on the chart for 70 weeks. According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the album was \"a big hit, really the last genuine hit when Charles was alive\", as well as \"the pinnacle of his '80s country-pop records, the one where Ray truly captured the sound of the era\". It was later reissued by Columbia as \"Ray Charles and Friends' Super Hits\". In 2005, \"Friendship\" was reissued again by Columbia in partnership with Legacy Recordings. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Erlewine judged the album's best moments to be \"merely pleasant; at it's worst, it's simply dull\" and \"more of a testament to the power of Sherrill's Music City machine than it is to Charles' greatness.\""], "answer": {"text": "The country album concept, however, meant more to Charles as a test of his record label's faith in him and respect for his artistic freedom", "answer_start": 292}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me a little about the Conception of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "answer": {"text": "Charles sought to experiment with country music.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he when he conceived of the album?", "answer": {"text": "in the United States,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "), Charles was influenced by the genre in his youth, stating that he \"used to play piano in a hillbilly band\"", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_438c83e3a5674caa9a397ebe4e9d8712_1_q#4", "question": "Can you tell me more about why he conceived of the album?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me more about why Charles conceived of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two is a 1962 album by Ray Charles. It is the second volume of country and western recordings by Charles following his landmark debut on ABC Records. Following the surprising success of \" Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\", an album of country music covers, which sold over a million copies, Charles and producer Sid Feller decided to do a follow-up. Unlike the previous album, where slow and fast tracks more or less alternated, this one features one side performed by the Ray Charles Big Band with the Raelettes, while the other side features a string section and the Jack Halloran Singers. The album has been reissued on CD, coupled with Volume 1, and is also featured on \"The Complete Country & Western Recordings: 1959-1986\" Box Set which also features the first \"C & W\" volume and many of Charles' later country recordings. In \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\" (1992), J. D. Considine regarded the second \"Modern Sounds\" album as superior to the first, \"because its balladry is smoother (as with his version of Williams's 'Your Cheatin' Heart') and because the blues tunes rock harder (check his smouldering rendition of Gibson's 'Don't Tell Me Your Troubles').\" AllMusic's Richard S. Ginell said it \"defied the curse of the sequel and was just as much of an artistic triumph as its predecessor, if not as immediately startling\". Robert Christgau, on the other hand, preferred the first volume, writing in \"Rolling Stone\" that the second was a \"half a step down\".", "Here We Go Again\" as a single. In November 1959, after twelve years as a professional musician, Ray Charles signed with ABC Records, following the expiration of his Atlantic Records contract. According to Will Friedwald in \"A Biographical Guide to the Great Jazz and Pop Singers\", \"His first four ABC albums were all primarily devoted to standards... \" In the 1960s, he experienced crossover success with both rhythm and blues and country music. Because Charles was signed to ABC as a rhythm and blues singer, he decided to wait until his contract was up for its three-year renewal before experimenting with country music, although he wanted to do so sooner. With the assistance of ABC executive Sid Feller, he gathered a set of country songs to record, despite the wishes of ABC. The release of his 1962 country albums \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" and its follow-up \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2 \" broadened the appeal of his music to the mainstream. At this point, Charles began to appeal more to a white audience. In 1962 he founded his own record label, Tangerine Records, which ABC-Paramount promoted and distributed. \"Here We Go Again\" was recorded during a phase in Charles' career when he was focused on performing country music. Thus, \"Here We Go Again\" was a country music song released by the Tangerine label ABC-Paramount, but performed in Charles' rhythm and blues style. However, his works did not bear the Tangerine label until 1968. Feller left ABC in 1965, but he returned to arrange Charles' 1967 album, \"Ray Charles Invites You to Listen\". Joe Adams produced and engineered the album, which included \"Here We Go Again\". First released by Charles in 1967, \"Here We Go Again\" was written by Lanier and Steagall and published by the Dirk Music Company.", "Friendship (Ray Charles album) Friendship is a studio album by American singer and pianist Ray Charles. It was produced by Billy Sherrill and released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. The album peaked at number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. The album was one of several in the mid-1980s that featured Charles returning to country music after a two decade absence; he had previously recorded the two-volume \"Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music\" to much acclaim in 1962. For \"Friendship\", Charles collaborated with several established country stars in a series of duets. Whereas the \"Modern Sounds\" singles were not explicitly released to country radio, the singles from \"Friendship\" were, and the album provided Charles with his highest charting hits on the country charts, including a number-one country hit with Willie Nelson, \"Seven Spanish Angels\". \"Friendship\" was first released in August 1984 by Columbia Records and Epic Records. It reached the number-one position on the \"Billboard\"s Top Country Albums and remained on the chart for 70 weeks. According to Stephen Thomas Erlewine, the album was \"a big hit, really the last genuine hit when Charles was alive\", as well as \"the pinnacle of his '80s country-pop records, the one where Ray truly captured the sound of the era\". It was later reissued by Columbia as \"Ray Charles and Friends' Super Hits\". In 2005, \"Friendship\" was reissued again by Columbia in partnership with Legacy Recordings. In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Erlewine judged the album's best moments to be \"merely pleasant; at it's worst, it's simply dull\" and \"more of a testament to the power of Sherrill's Music City machine than it is to Charles' greatness.\"", "Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music was the 18th overall LP Charles had recorded. According to him, the title of the album was conceived by producer Sid Feller and ABC-Paramount's executives and management people. The recording sessions for the album took place at three sessions in mid-February 1962. The first two sessions were set on February 5 and 7 at Capitol Studios in New York, New York, at which one half of the album was recorded and produced. The other half was recorded on February 15 of that same year at United Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. Instead of drawing what he should record from memory and his knowledge of country music, Charles asked Feller, his newly appointed A&R (Artists and Repertoire) man, to research top country standards through major country music publishers. By canvassing premier country publishing companies, such as Acuff-Rose Publishing (which featured the Hank Williams catalog) and Hill & Range Songs (most of which were located in Nashville, Tennessee), Feller amassed around 250 songs on tape for Charles to consider recording for Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music. From New York City, Feller sent the recordings to Charles, who was living in California at the time, for him to choose. According to music essayist Daniel Cooper:  While his selections provided the album's country and western foundation, the musical arrangements represented its contemporary influence. Eager to display his big band ensemble in studio, Charles enlisted premier jazz arrangers Gerald Wilson and Gil Fuller, while Marty Paich, who was active in the West Coast jazz scene, was hired to arrange the lush strings and chorus numbers. Despite enlisting a roster of professional arrangers and musicians, Charles intended to control the artistic direction of the recordings.", "Loretta Lynn and Conway Twitty released a duet version of the song in 1988 and used it as the title track for their final album together. Although the song was not a radio hit for them, it was a popular number at their concerts and the album sold fairly well via television ads. Ray Charles released this song on the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music Volume Two in 1962. Punk Rock group, Social Distortion, released this song on the album \" Somewhere Between Heaven and Hell\" in 1992 and a few years later, they also included the song on the DVD Live in Orange County released in 2003. Metal band Volbeat also released this song on the album Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood in 2008. The Strangers:"], "answer": {"text": "he believed that he \"could do a good job with the right hillbilly song today.\"", "answer_start": 371}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me a little about the Conception of the album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music?", "answer": {"text": "Charles sought to experiment with country music.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he when he conceived of the album?", "answer": {"text": "in the United States,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "), Charles was influenced by the genre in his youth, stating that he \"used to play piano in a hillbilly band\"", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he conceive of this album aside from his interest in the genre during his youth?", "answer": {"text": "The country album concept, however, meant more to Charles as a test of his record label's faith in him and respect for his artistic freedom", "answer_start": 292, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_80a45be102364e58a9dd4f9ef480ba0a_1_q#0", "question": "What was the relationship between subcomandate Marcos and Military site?", "rewrite": "What was the relationship between subcomandate Marcos and Military site?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Making a strong position against the February 9 actions against peace, Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma, defender of a political solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis, submitted his resignation to President Ernesto Zedillo, who does not accept it but asks the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma to try the improbable task of restoring the conditions for dialog and negotiation. For these foregoing reasons the Mexican army eased actions, giving an opportunity that Marcos capitalized on to escape the military site in the Lacandon Jungle. Faced with this situation, Max Appedole and Rafael Guill\u00e9n, childhood friends and colleagues at the Jesuits College Instituto Cultural Tampico, asked for help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora, the legendary Nicaraguan \"Commander Zero\", to prepare a report for under-Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado Venegas, the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma, and the President Ernesto Zedillo about Marcos' natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. The document concluded that the marginalized groups and the radical left that exist in M\u00e9xico have been activated with the Zapatistas movement, while Marcos maintains an open negotiating track. Eliminate Marcos and his social containment work will cease, giving opportunity to the radical groups to take control of the movement. They will respond to violence with violence. They would begin terrorist bombings, kidnappings, and belligerent activities. The country would be in a dangerous spiral, which could lead to very serious situations because there is discomfort not only in Chiapas but in many places in Mexico. During the investigative stage to identify Subcomandante Marcos, the Mexican government speculated that he was a dangerous guerrilla fighter.", "For these foregoing reasons the Mexican army, ease actions, giving an opportunity that Marcos capitalized to escape the military site em placed in the Lacandon Jungle. Faced with this situation, Max Appedole, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, childhood friend and colleague, at the Jesuits College Instituto Cultural Tampico asked for help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora the legendary Nicaraguan \"Commander Zero\" to prepare a report for under-Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado; the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma and the President Ernesto Zedillo about Marcos natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. The document concluded that the marginalized groups and the radical left that exist in M\u00e9xico, have been vented with the Zapatistas movement, while Marcos maintains an open negotiating track. Eliminate Marcos and his social containment work will not only would cease, but will give opportunity to the radical groups to take control of the movement. They will response to violence with violence. They would begin the terrorist bombings, kidnappings and belligerent activities. The country would be in a very dangerous spiral, which could lead to very serious situations because not only there is discomfort in Chiapas, but in many places in Mexico. \u00bb On March 10, 1995 President Ernesto Zedillo and Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma sign the Presidential Decree for the Dialog, the Reconciliation and a peace with dignity in Chiapas Law. It was discussed and approved by the Mexican Congress. It was the night of April 3, 1995, precisely at 8:55 pm when the first meeting between representatives of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation which had declared war on the Mexican State the first minute of 1994, and the representatives of the government of President Ernesto Zedillo. His Secretary of Interior, Lic.", "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture or annihilate Marcos and the Zapatistas. Arrest warrants were issued for Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fernandez Hernandez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) was besieged by the Mexican Army in the Lacandon Jungle. Marcos' resolve was put to the test in his camp in the Lacandon Jungle when the Zapatistas were under military siege by the Mexican Army. Marcos' response was immediate, sending Secretary of the Interior Lic. Esteban Moctezuma the following message: \"See you in hell.\" There were conflicting signals in favor of a fast military solution. The facts seemed to confirm Manuel Camacho Solis' 16 June 1994 assertion that the reason for his resignation as the Chiapas Peace Commissioner was due to sabotage done by the presidential candidate Ernesto Zedillo. Under the political pressure of a highly radicalized situation, Moctezuma believed a peaceful solution was possible. He championed a negotiated solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis, betting on a creative strategy to re-establish Mexican-EZLN dialog. Taking a strong position against the 9 February actions, Moctezuma submitted his resignation to President Zedillo. Zedillo refused the resignation and asked Moctezuma to try to restore conditions that would allow dialog and an attempt at negotiation. For these reasons the Mexican army moderated their actions, providing an opportunity that Marcos capitalized upon to escape the military site in the Lacandon Jungle.", "Pastora became disillusioned with Nicaragua and became a refugee in Costa Rica during the 1990s, where he became a citizen. Later, however, he returned to Nicaragua. Mexico Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma championed a pacific solution of the 1995 Zapatista Crisis He organized a creative strategy that demonstrated Subcomandante Marcos' natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a military solution. During the investigative stage to identify Subcomandante Marcos' identity, the Government speculated him to be a dangerous terrorist. There were strong political pressures for a military solution to the conflict. a Instituto Cultural Tampico, Marcos high school colleague, Max Appedole, played a major role to avoid a military solution when the government revealed his identity he identified with no doubt that Subcomandante Marcos's was his old friend, classmate with the Jesuits at the Instituto Cultural Tampico, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, a pacifist. Max Appedole stated that contrary to the accusations announced by President Ernesto Zedillo, \u00bb Rafael Guill\u00e9n, was no terrorist. Max Appedole ask for help to Eden Pastora Advised about the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome with a military solution in place at the Military Site at the Zapatistas camp in 1995 in Chiapas. \u00bb Max Appedole, recognized his literary style in all his manifestos that were published in the media, linked them to their literary tournaments organized by the Jesuit Schools in which they competed in Mexico. Confirming that he had no doubt that Subcomandante Marcos was his friend Rafael Guill\u00e9n, a pacifist.", "The direct intervention of Rafael Guill\u00e9n of the Instituto Cultural Tampico and his childhood friend Max Appedole played a major role in avoiding a military solution to the Zapatista crisis in 1995, when the Mexican government revealed his identity by demonstrating that contrary to the accusations announced by President Ernesto Zedillo, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, was no terrorist. Advised about the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome with a military solution in place at the Military Site at the Zapatistas camp in 1995 in Chiapas. Time showed that the fight against a military solution to the conflict and the strategy to achieve a peaceful solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis was legal, politically and honorably correct, saving many lives in Mexico. Max Appedole recognized Rafael's literary style in all his manifestos that were published in the media and linked them to their literary tournaments organized by the Jesuit schools in Mexico, leaving him no doubt that Subcomandante Marcos was his friend Rafael Guill\u00e9n, a pacifist. Max Appedole sought help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora, \"Commander Zero\" of Nicaragua, to prepare a report for Mexico's Under-Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado Venegas, Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma, and President Ernesto Zedillo, about Subcomandante Marcos's natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. Luis Maldonado Venegas achieved with Subcomandante Marcos the re-initiation of dialogue and all the necessary agreements in accordance with the law to start formal Peace Talks between the Zapatista Army of National Liberation and the Mexican government. The charismatic leader of the Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional, Marcos, led the Zapatistas to leave arms aside and begin the dialog for peace agreements with the Mexican Government."], "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_80a45be102364e58a9dd4f9ef480ba0a_1_q#1", "question": "Was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was the military offensive by Subcomandante Marcos successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zapatista Army of National Liberation The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (\"Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional\", EZLN), often referred to as the Zapatistas , is a far-left libertarian-socialist political and militant group that controls a substantial amount of territory in Chiapas, the southernmost state of Mexico. Since 1994 the group has been nominally at war with the Mexican state (although it may be described at this point as a frozen conflict). In recent years, the EZLN has focused on a strategy of civil resistance. The Zapatistas' main body is made up of mostly rural indigenous people, but it includes some supporters in urban areas and internationally. The EZLN's main spokesperson is Subcomandante Insurgente Galeano, previously known as Subcomandante Marcos (a.k.a. Compa\u00f1ero Galeano and Delegate Zero in relation to \"the Other Campaign\"). Unlike other Zapatista spokespeople, Marcos is not an indigenous Maya. The group takes its name from Emiliano Zapata, the agrarian revolutionary and commander of the Liberation Army of the South during the Mexican Revolution, and sees itself as his ideological heir. Nearly all EZLN villages contain murals with images of Zapata, Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara, and Subcomandante Marcos. While EZLN ideology reflects libertarian socialism, the Zapatistas have rejected and defied political classification. The EZLN aligns itself with the wider alter-globalization, anti-neoliberal social movement, seeking indigenous control over local resources, especially land. Since their 1994 uprising was countered by the Mexican army, the EZLN has abstained from military offensives and adopted a new strategy that attempts to garner Mexican and international support.", "Pastora became disillusioned with Nicaragua and became a refugee in Costa Rica during the 1990s, where he became a citizen. Later, however, he returned to Nicaragua. Mexico Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma championed a pacific solution of the 1995 Zapatista Crisis He organized a creative strategy that demonstrated Subcomandante Marcos' natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a military solution. During the investigative stage to identify Subcomandante Marcos' identity, the Government speculated him to be a dangerous terrorist. There were strong political pressures for a military solution to the conflict. a Instituto Cultural Tampico, Marcos high school colleague, Max Appedole, played a major role to avoid a military solution when the government revealed his identity he identified with no doubt that Subcomandante Marcos's was his old friend, classmate with the Jesuits at the Instituto Cultural Tampico, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, a pacifist. Max Appedole stated that contrary to the accusations announced by President Ernesto Zedillo, \u00bb Rafael Guill\u00e9n, was no terrorist. Max Appedole ask for help to Eden Pastora Advised about the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome with a military solution in place at the Military Site at the Zapatistas camp in 1995 in Chiapas. \u00bb Max Appedole, recognized his literary style in all his manifestos that were published in the media, linked them to their literary tournaments organized by the Jesuit Schools in which they competed in Mexico. Confirming that he had no doubt that Subcomandante Marcos was his friend Rafael Guill\u00e9n, a pacifist.", "On February 9, 1995, in a televised special Presidential broadcast, President Ernesto Zedillo announced Subcomandante Marcos to be one Rafael Sebasti\u00e1n Guill\u00e9n Vicente, born June 19, 1957, in Tampico, Tamaulipas to Spanish immigrants, an Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana School of Sciences and Arts for the Design former Professor. And after the government revealed Marcos identity in January 1995, when Max Appedole, old friend, classmate with the Jesuits at the Instituto Cultural Tampico, made direct intervention in the conflict. Max played a major role with the Mexican government to avoid a Military solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis, by demonstrating that contrary to the accusations announced by President Ernesto Zedillo, \u00bb Rafael Guill\u00e9n, was no terrorist. Max Appedole identified his linguistic fingerprint based in Marcos specific, unique way of speaking, recognized his literary style in all Marcos manifestos that were published in the media, linked them to their literary tournaments organized by the Jesuits in which they competed in Mexico. Every one of us has his or her very own idiolect, encompasses vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation that differs from the way other people talk. He confirmed that he had no doubt that Marcos was his friend Rafael Guill\u00e9n, a pacifist. Max Appedole closed the first successful Linguistic Profiling Confirmation Case in history of Law Enforcement. Based on these achievements this new science was developed, giving way to what is now call forensic linguistics. This motivated a new Division of forensic linguistics Criminal Profiling in Law Enforcement.  \u00bb \u00bb History revealed that Rafael Guill\u00e9n, who later would become known as the Subcomandante Marcos, of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation last public act to be not only fortunate, well justified, but maybe strategic. It was the meeting with Max Appedole, an old friend and classmate.", "The direct intervention of Rafael Guill\u00e9n of the Instituto Cultural Tampico and his childhood friend Max Appedole played a major role in avoiding a military solution to the Zapatista crisis in 1995, when the Mexican government revealed his identity by demonstrating that contrary to the accusations announced by President Ernesto Zedillo, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, was no terrorist. Advised about the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome with a military solution in place at the Military Site at the Zapatistas camp in 1995 in Chiapas. Time showed that the fight against a military solution to the conflict and the strategy to achieve a peaceful solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis was legal, politically and honorably correct, saving many lives in Mexico. Max Appedole recognized Rafael's literary style in all his manifestos that were published in the media and linked them to their literary tournaments organized by the Jesuit schools in Mexico, leaving him no doubt that Subcomandante Marcos was his friend Rafael Guill\u00e9n, a pacifist. Max Appedole sought help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora, \"Commander Zero\" of Nicaragua, to prepare a report for Mexico's Under-Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado Venegas, Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma, and President Ernesto Zedillo, about Subcomandante Marcos's natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. Luis Maldonado Venegas achieved with Subcomandante Marcos the re-initiation of dialogue and all the necessary agreements in accordance with the law to start formal Peace Talks between the Zapatista Army of National Liberation and the Mexican government. The charismatic leader of the Ej\u00e9rcito Zapatista de Liberaci\u00f3n Nacional, Marcos, led the Zapatistas to leave arms aside and begin the dialog for peace agreements with the Mexican Government.", "Once Marcos was allegedly identified as Rafael Guill\u00e9n, on 9 February 1995, in an counterproductive turn of events, the President Ernesto Zedillo took a series of decisions that completely broke with the strategy and action plan previously defined and the agreements he authorized his Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma to agree just a few days before in Guadalupe Tepeyac with Marcos. So without consulting his Secretary of the Interior; without knowing exactly who Subcomandante Marcos was; with the Single presumption of the Attorney General of Mexico that Marcos was a dangerous guerrilla, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to send the Mexican army to capture or assassinate Marcos. In his camp at the Lacandon Jungle, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation was under military siege of the Mexican Army. Marcos' response was immediate, sending the following message: \"See you in hell\". Faced with this situation, Max Appedole, his childhood friend and colleague at the Jesuit College, asked for help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora Nicaragua, \"Commander Zero\" to prepare a report for under Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado Venegas; to the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma and the President Ernesto Zedillo about Marcos' natural pacifist tendencies and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. The document concluded that the marginalized groups and the radical left that exist in Mexico have been fulfilled with the movement, while Subcomandante Marcos maintains an open negotiating track. Eliminating Marcos and his social containment work would give opportunity to the Radical groups to take control of the movement. They will response to violence with violence. They would begin the terrorist bombings, kidnappings and belligerent activities. The country would be in a very dangerous spiral, which could lead to very serious situations because not only there is discomfort in Chiapas, but in many places in Mexico."], "answer": {"text": "Arrest warrants were issued for Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fernandez Hernandez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas.", "answer_start": 215}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relationship between subcomandate Marcos and Military site?", "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_80a45be102364e58a9dd4f9ef480ba0a_1_q#2", "question": "What was their crime?", "rewrite": "What was the crime of Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fernandez Hernandez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Guill\u00e9n, on 9 February 1995, in a counterproductive turn of events, President Ernesto Zedillo made a series of decisions that completely broke with the strategy and action plan previously defined and the agreements he authorized his Secretary of Interior Lic Esteban Moctezuma to compromise with Marcos just 3 days before in Guadalupe Tepeyac. Zedillo sent the Mexican army to capture or annihilate Marcos without consulting his Secretary of Interior, without knowing exactly who Marcos was, and only with the PGR single presumption that Marcos was a dangerous guerrilla. Despite these circumstances, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture or annihilate Marcos. Arrest warrants were issued against Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fern\u00e1ndez Hern\u00e1ndez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas. At the Lacandon Jungle, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation was then under the Mexican Army military siege. The PGR was after them. Javier Elorriaga got captured on February 9, 1995, in a military garrison at Gabina Vel\u00e1zquez that is in Las Margaritas, Chiapas, town and later taken to the Cerro Hueco prison in Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez, Chiapas. On February 11, 1995, the PGR reported that they made an operation in the State of Mexico, where they captured 14 persons presumed to be involved with the Zapatistas, of which 8 had already been turned in to the Judicial Authorities, and they'd seized an important arsenal. The PGR repressive acts got to the extreme of arresting the San Crist\u00f3bal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Catholic Bishop, Samuel Ruiz Garc\u00eda, for aiding to conceal the Zapatistas guerrilla activity.", "Following this offensive, the Zapatistas abandoned their villages, and the rebels fled to the mountains after breaking through the Mexican army perimeter. Arrest-warrants were made for Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fern\u00e1ndez Hern\u00e1ndez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente and other Zapatistas. At that point, in the Lacandon Jungle, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation was under military siege by the Mexican Army. Javier Elorriaga was captured on February 9, 1995, by forces from a military garrison at Gabina Vel\u00e1zquez in the town of Las Margaritas, and was later taken to the Cerro Hueco prison in Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez, Chiapas. On February 11, 1995, the PGR informed the country that the government had implemented an operation in the State of M\u00e9xico, where they had captured 14 people presumed to be involved with the Zapatistas, of which eight had already being turned over to the judicial authorities, they had also seized an important arsenal. a major leftist magazine. It is likely however that the Mexican Government knew about the uprising but failed to act. Under the considerable political pressure of a worsening situation, and believing a peaceful solution to be possible, Mexican Secretary of the Interior Lic. Esteban Moctezuma campaigned to reach a peacefully negotiated solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis. In response to the siege of the ELZN, Moctezuma, the interior minister, submitted his resignation to President Zedillo, which Zedillo refused to accept. Influenced by Moctezuma's protest, President Zedillo abandoned the military offensive in favor of a diplomatic approach. The Mexican army eased its operation in Chiapas, allowing Marcos to escape the military perimeter in the Lacandon jungle.", "Subcomandante Elisa Subcomandante Elisa (born Mar\u00eda Gloria Benavides Guevara) was a Zapatista activist who, before her arrest and the revelation of her identity, was a subcomandante in Mexico's Zapatista Army of National Liberation. Her arrest has been considered illegal, and her detention and indictment, controversial. In February 1996, the Human Rights Watch published that the police had arrested Mar\u00eda Gloria Benavides, at approximately 4:15 pm on February 8, 1995 after they raided her home in Mexico City. She was acquitted of all charges on November 1. She remains active within the Zapatista community and currently resides in Mexico City. She is married to Javier Elorriaga Berdegue. Benavides was born in the northern city of Monterrey, Nuevo Le\u00f3n, probably sometime in January 1955. She joined the movement in her teens. She was first arrested in 1974, in a raid on a house. She was found alive, but next to her was her first husband's body. After her release she rejoined the movement only to lose her second husband and baby daughter in another military raid. Early in the 1980s she was working as a translator with Catholic peasants in the small villages of Chiapas. She met Elorriaga when he joined the movement in the mid 1980s. They were later married. Benavides took charge of training the native Mayans. Sometime in the early 1990s she moved to Mexico City, and worked from the university spreading political information on behalf of the EZLN. Sometime in 1993 she gave birth to her son. In February 1994 she was arrested in connection with the Zapatista uprising, but later cleared of charges.", "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture or annihilate Marcos and the Zapatistas. Arrest warrants were issued for Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fernandez Hernandez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) was besieged by the Mexican Army in the Lacandon Jungle. Marcos' resolve was put to the test in his camp in the Lacandon Jungle when the Zapatistas were under military siege by the Mexican Army. Marcos' response was immediate, sending Secretary of the Interior Lic. Esteban Moctezuma the following message: \"See you in hell.\" There were conflicting signals in favor of a fast military solution. The facts seemed to confirm Manuel Camacho Solis' 16 June 1994 assertion that the reason for his resignation as the Chiapas Peace Commissioner was due to sabotage done by the presidential candidate Ernesto Zedillo. Under the political pressure of a highly radicalized situation, Moctezuma believed a peaceful solution was possible. He championed a negotiated solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis, betting on a creative strategy to re-establish Mexican-EZLN dialog. Taking a strong position against the 9 February actions, Moctezuma submitted his resignation to President Zedillo. Zedillo refused the resignation and asked Moctezuma to try to restore conditions that would allow dialog and an attempt at negotiation. For these reasons the Mexican army moderated their actions, providing an opportunity that Marcos capitalized upon to escape the military site in the Lacandon Jungle.", "To the opposite extreme to send the Mexican army to capture or annihilate Marcos. This without consulting his Secretary of Interior; without even knowing exactly who Marcos was; with the PGR single presumption that Marcos was a dangerous guerrilla, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offence to capture or annihilate Marcos and the Zapatistas.  \u00bb Arrest warrants where made against Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fern\u00e1ndez Hern\u00e1ndez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas. At the Lacandon Jungle, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation was under the Mexican Army military siege. The PGR was after them. Javier Elorriaga got captured on February 9, 1995, in a military garrison at Gabina Vel\u00e1zquez in Las Margaritas town and later taken to the Cerro Hueco prison in Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez Chiapas. \u00bb On February 11, 1995, the PGR informed they made an operative in the State of Mexico, where they capture 14 persons presumed to be involved with the Zapatistas of which 8 all ready being turned to the Judicial Authorities and sized an important arsenal.  \u00bb The PGR repressive acts got to the extreme of pressuring the San Crist\u00f3bal de Las Casas, Chiapas Catholic Bishop, Samuel Ruiz Garc\u00eda of arresting him for aiding to conceal the Zapatistas guerrilla activity. Even though this activity was public years before the uprising in Proceso among Mexico most important magazines and it was the Mexican Government who was for years trying to disguise it.  \u00bb"], "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relationship between subcomandate Marcos and Military site?", "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Arrest warrants were issued for Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fernandez Hernandez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_80a45be102364e58a9dd4f9ef480ba0a_1_q#3", "question": "What was the people's view about him?", "rewrite": "What was the people's view about President Ernesto Zedillo?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jes\u00fas Federico Reyes Heroles Jes\u00fas Federico Reyes-Heroles Gonz\u00e1lez Garza is a Mexican economist and politician. He is a member of PRI and co-founder and executive president of \"\"Grupo de Economistas y Asociados\"\" (GEA), a consulting firm that has become the first independent organization dedicated to political and economic analysis. He holds a B.A. in Economics from ITAM and a Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He studied Economics in Mexico and abroad, has entered the public sector when President Ernesto Zedillo desior as Secretary of Energy in 1997 and left office when he was appointed as Ambassador of Mexico in the United States until 2000. Economist Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico, and studied law at the UNAM. PhD in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2006 he publicly expressed his opposition to the nomination of the PRI Roberto Madrazo and support the candidate of the National Action Party for President of Mexico, Felipe Calderon Hinojosa, without renouncing his membership in the PRI, along with other former members of the Cabinet of Ernesto Zedillo as Luis Genaro Borrego Estrada and T\u00e9llez, who did leave the ranks of the tricolor. In December 1994 he was nominated Director-General of the Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios P\u00fablicos (BANOBRAS), the development bank for infrastructure. After this, he became Secretary of Energy in the Cabinet of President Ernesto Zedillo where he was also President of the Board of several governmental companies such as PEMEX, CFE and LyFC. Then he was appointed Mexican Ambassador to the United States from October 1997 to November 2000. In December 2006, Felipe Calder\u00f3n Hinojosa named Reyes Heroles as Director-General of PEMEX. On September 8, 2009, he was relieved from this position.", "For these foregoing reasons the Mexican army, ease actions, giving an opportunity that Marcos capitalized to escape the military site em placed in the Lacandon Jungle. Faced with this situation, Max Appedole, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, childhood friend and colleague, at the Jesuits College Instituto Cultural Tampico asked for help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora the legendary Nicaraguan \"Commander Zero\" to prepare a report for under-Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado; the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma and the President Ernesto Zedillo about Marcos natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. The document concluded that the marginalized groups and the radical left that exist in M\u00e9xico, have been vented with the Zapatistas movement, while Marcos maintains an open negotiating track. Eliminate Marcos and his social containment work will not only would cease, but will give opportunity to the radical groups to take control of the movement. They will response to violence with violence. They would begin the terrorist bombings, kidnappings and belligerent activities. The country would be in a very dangerous spiral, which could lead to very serious situations because not only there is discomfort in Chiapas, but in many places in Mexico. \u00bb On March 10, 1995 President Ernesto Zedillo and Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma sign the Presidential Decree for the Dialog, the Reconciliation and a peace with dignity in Chiapas Law. It was discussed and approved by the Mexican Congress. It was the night of April 3, 1995, precisely at 8:55 pm when the first meeting between representatives of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation which had declared war on the Mexican State the first minute of 1994, and the representatives of the government of President Ernesto Zedillo. His Secretary of Interior, Lic.", "Marco Antonio Bernal Andr\u00e9s Marco Antonio Bernal Guti\u00e9rrez (born 30 November 1953) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. As of 2013 he served as Deputy of both the LX and LXII Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Tamaulipas. He also served as Senator during the LVII Legislature. On February 9, 1995, Ernesto Zedillo 71-day-old administration ignited a tremendous social crisis. After he announced Subcomandante Marcos to be Rafael Sebasti\u00e1n Guill\u00e9n Vicente. In counterproductive turn of events, President Ernesto Zedillo made a series of decisions that broke the peaceful solution strategy action plan defined by Carlos Salinas that kept the peace since the Zapatista Army of National Liberation uprising and the agreements Zedillo authorized his Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma to compromise with Marcos 3 days before in Guadalupe Tepeyac. No matter there was an amnesty law by Salinas and without knowing exactly who Marcos was, only with the PGR single presumption that Marcos was a dangerous guerrilla. \u00bb President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offence to capture or annihilate Marcos in a televised special broadcast President Ernesto Zedillo alleged Marcos to be a terrorist in Nicaragua. There was a storm of political pressures claiming for a fast military solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis. \u00bb Conflicting signals got strengthened for a fast military solution. Facts seemed to confirm Manuel Camacho Solis June 16, 1994 accusations that the reason for his resignation as the Chiapas Peace Commissioner, was due to sabotage done by then presidential candidate Ernesto Zedillo.", "With the Terms of Peace and the Constitutional change that guarantees the rights to the Indigenous peoples of Mexico. Approved by the Commission on Concordance and Pacification COCOPA, a bicameral Legislative Commission formed in March 1995 by the  Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, integrated by Deputies and Senators, of all the political Parties in Mexico to assist in the peace dialog process in the context of the 1995 Zapatista Crisis. With delegates from 42 countries. On 27 July 1996, the EZLN organized the First Intercontinental Gathering for Humanity and against neoliberal practice. Time showed that the fight against a military solution to the conflict and the strategy to achieve a peaceful solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis was legal, politically and honorably correct, saving many lives in M\u00e9xico. After a rocky start because of conflicting intelligence that caused the 1995 Zapatista Crisis President Ernesto Zedillo was heading to a Military solution, and when the intelligence issue was cleared, confirming that Subcomandante Marcos was no terrorist but a pacifist by nature, as well as all the other conclusions that Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma also gave to the President Ernesto Zedillo with the purpose of trying to avoid a bloodbath of the Mexican indigenous people, as well to prevent other also terrible repercussions of an immoral and unnecessary tragic outcome. President Ernesto Zedillo to avoid innocent blood shedding, change course of action doing the opposite of his February 9, 1995, television appearance. For that Zedillo endured heavy political criticism at the time, he demonstrate humility of a Man of State, President Ernesto Zedillo did not accept Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma resignation and ask him to restore Dialog conditions to achieve a peaceful solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis.", "Once Marcos was allegedly identified as Rafael Guill\u00e9n, on 9 February 1995, in an counterproductive turn of events, the President Ernesto Zedillo took a series of decisions that completely broke with the strategy and action plan previously defined and the agreements he authorized his Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma to agree just a few days before in Guadalupe Tepeyac with Marcos. So without consulting his Secretary of the Interior; without knowing exactly who Subcomandante Marcos was; with the Single presumption of the Attorney General of Mexico that Marcos was a dangerous guerrilla, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to send the Mexican army to capture or assassinate Marcos. In his camp at the Lacandon Jungle, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation was under military siege of the Mexican Army. Marcos' response was immediate, sending the following message: \"See you in hell\". Faced with this situation, Max Appedole, his childhood friend and colleague at the Jesuit College, asked for help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora Nicaragua, \"Commander Zero\" to prepare a report for under Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado Venegas; to the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma and the President Ernesto Zedillo about Marcos' natural pacifist tendencies and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. The document concluded that the marginalized groups and the radical left that exist in Mexico have been fulfilled with the movement, while Subcomandante Marcos maintains an open negotiating track. Eliminating Marcos and his social containment work would give opportunity to the Radical groups to take control of the movement. They will response to violence with violence. They would begin the terrorist bombings, kidnappings and belligerent activities. The country would be in a very dangerous spiral, which could lead to very serious situations because not only there is discomfort in Chiapas, but in many places in Mexico."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relationship between subcomandate Marcos and Military site?", "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Arrest warrants were issued for Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fernandez Hernandez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their crime?", "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_80a45be102364e58a9dd4f9ef480ba0a_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Ernesto Zedillo?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Once Marcos was allegedly identified as Rafael Guill\u00e9n, on 9 February 1995, in an counterproductive turn of events, the President Ernesto Zedillo took a series of decisions that completely broke with the strategy and action plan previously defined and the agreements he authorized his Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma to agree just a few days before in Guadalupe Tepeyac with Marcos. So without consulting his Secretary of the Interior; without knowing exactly who Subcomandante Marcos was; with the Single presumption of the Attorney General of Mexico that Marcos was a dangerous guerrilla, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to send the Mexican army to capture or assassinate Marcos. In his camp at the Lacandon Jungle, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation was under military siege of the Mexican Army. Marcos' response was immediate, sending the following message: \"See you in hell\". Faced with this situation, Max Appedole, his childhood friend and colleague at the Jesuit College, asked for help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora Nicaragua, \"Commander Zero\" to prepare a report for under Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado Venegas; to the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma and the President Ernesto Zedillo about Marcos' natural pacifist tendencies and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. The document concluded that the marginalized groups and the radical left that exist in Mexico have been fulfilled with the movement, while Subcomandante Marcos maintains an open negotiating track. Eliminating Marcos and his social containment work would give opportunity to the Radical groups to take control of the movement. They will response to violence with violence. They would begin the terrorist bombings, kidnappings and belligerent activities. The country would be in a very dangerous spiral, which could lead to very serious situations because not only there is discomfort in Chiapas, but in many places in Mexico.", "Marco Antonio Bernal Andr\u00e9s Marco Antonio Bernal Guti\u00e9rrez (born 30 November 1953) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. As of 2013 he served as Deputy of both the LX and LXII Legislatures of the Mexican Congress representing Tamaulipas. He also served as Senator during the LVII Legislature. On February 9, 1995, Ernesto Zedillo 71-day-old administration ignited a tremendous social crisis. After he announced Subcomandante Marcos to be Rafael Sebasti\u00e1n Guill\u00e9n Vicente. In counterproductive turn of events, President Ernesto Zedillo made a series of decisions that broke the peaceful solution strategy action plan defined by Carlos Salinas that kept the peace since the Zapatista Army of National Liberation uprising and the agreements Zedillo authorized his Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma to compromise with Marcos 3 days before in Guadalupe Tepeyac. No matter there was an amnesty law by Salinas and without knowing exactly who Marcos was, only with the PGR single presumption that Marcos was a dangerous guerrilla. \u00bb President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offence to capture or annihilate Marcos in a televised special broadcast President Ernesto Zedillo alleged Marcos to be a terrorist in Nicaragua. There was a storm of political pressures claiming for a fast military solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis. \u00bb Conflicting signals got strengthened for a fast military solution. Facts seemed to confirm Manuel Camacho Solis June 16, 1994 accusations that the reason for his resignation as the Chiapas Peace Commissioner, was due to sabotage done by then presidential candidate Ernesto Zedillo.", "For these foregoing reasons the Mexican army, ease actions, giving an opportunity that Marcos capitalized to escape the military site em placed in the Lacandon Jungle. Faced with this situation, Max Appedole, Rafael Guill\u00e9n, childhood friend and colleague, at the Jesuits College Instituto Cultural Tampico asked for help from Ed\u00e9n Pastora the legendary Nicaraguan \"Commander Zero\" to prepare a report for under-Secretary of the Interior Luis Maldonado; the Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma and the President Ernesto Zedillo about Marcos natural pacifist vocation and the terrible consequences of a tragic outcome. The document concluded that the marginalized groups and the radical left that exist in M\u00e9xico, have been vented with the Zapatistas movement, while Marcos maintains an open negotiating track. Eliminate Marcos and his social containment work will not only would cease, but will give opportunity to the radical groups to take control of the movement. They will response to violence with violence. They would begin the terrorist bombings, kidnappings and belligerent activities. The country would be in a very dangerous spiral, which could lead to very serious situations because not only there is discomfort in Chiapas, but in many places in Mexico. \u00bb On March 10, 1995 President Ernesto Zedillo and Secretary of the Interior Esteban Moctezuma sign the Presidential Decree for the Dialog, the Reconciliation and a peace with dignity in Chiapas Law. It was discussed and approved by the Mexican Congress. It was the night of April 3, 1995, precisely at 8:55 pm when the first meeting between representatives of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation which had declared war on the Mexican State the first minute of 1994, and the representatives of the government of President Ernesto Zedillo. His Secretary of Interior, Lic.", "Jes\u00fas Federico Reyes Heroles Jes\u00fas Federico Reyes-Heroles Gonz\u00e1lez Garza is a Mexican economist and politician. He is a member of PRI and co-founder and executive president of \"\"Grupo de Economistas y Asociados\"\" (GEA), a consulting firm that has become the first independent organization dedicated to political and economic analysis. He holds a B.A. in Economics from ITAM and a Ph.D. in Economics from MIT. He studied Economics in Mexico and abroad, has entered the public sector when President Ernesto Zedillo desior as Secretary of Energy in 1997 and left office when he was appointed as Ambassador of Mexico in the United States until 2000. Economist Autonomous Technological Institute of Mexico, and studied law at the UNAM. PhD in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2006 he publicly expressed his opposition to the nomination of the PRI Roberto Madrazo and support the candidate of the National Action Party for President of Mexico, Felipe Calderon Hinojosa, without renouncing his membership in the PRI, along with other former members of the Cabinet of Ernesto Zedillo as Luis Genaro Borrego Estrada and T\u00e9llez, who did leave the ranks of the tricolor. In December 1994 he was nominated Director-General of the Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios P\u00fablicos (BANOBRAS), the development bank for infrastructure. After this, he became Secretary of Energy in the Cabinet of President Ernesto Zedillo where he was also President of the Board of several governmental companies such as PEMEX, CFE and LyFC. Then he was appointed Mexican Ambassador to the United States from October 1997 to November 2000. In December 2006, Felipe Calder\u00f3n Hinojosa named Reyes Heroles as Director-General of PEMEX. On September 8, 2009, he was relieved from this position.", "With the Terms of Peace and the Constitutional change that guarantees the rights to the Indigenous peoples of Mexico. Approved by the Commission on Concordance and Pacification COCOPA, a bicameral Legislative Commission formed in March 1995 by the  Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, integrated by Deputies and Senators, of all the political Parties in Mexico to assist in the peace dialog process in the context of the 1995 Zapatista Crisis. With delegates from 42 countries. On 27 July 1996, the EZLN organized the First Intercontinental Gathering for Humanity and against neoliberal practice. Time showed that the fight against a military solution to the conflict and the strategy to achieve a peaceful solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis was legal, politically and honorably correct, saving many lives in M\u00e9xico. After a rocky start because of conflicting intelligence that caused the 1995 Zapatista Crisis President Ernesto Zedillo was heading to a Military solution, and when the intelligence issue was cleared, confirming that Subcomandante Marcos was no terrorist but a pacifist by nature, as well as all the other conclusions that Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma also gave to the President Ernesto Zedillo with the purpose of trying to avoid a bloodbath of the Mexican indigenous people, as well to prevent other also terrible repercussions of an immoral and unnecessary tragic outcome. President Ernesto Zedillo to avoid innocent blood shedding, change course of action doing the opposite of his February 9, 1995, television appearance. For that Zedillo endured heavy political criticism at the time, he demonstrate humility of a Man of State, President Ernesto Zedillo did not accept Secretary of Interior Esteban Moctezuma resignation and ask him to restore Dialog conditions to achieve a peaceful solution to the 1995 Zapatista Crisis."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relationship between subcomandate Marcos and Military site?", "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Arrest warrants were issued for Marcos, Javier Elorriaga Berdegue, Silvia Fernandez Hernandez, Jorge Santiago, Fernando Yanez, German Vicente, Jorge Santiago and other Zapatistas.", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their crime?", "answer": {"text": "Once Subcomandante Marcos was identified as Rafael Sebastian Guillen Vicente, on 9 February 1995, President Ernesto Zedillo decided to launch a military offensive to capture", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the people's view about him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ba34c96f91f4a0ea4523a76544bfb3d_1_q#0", "question": "How is England calls related to Peter Shilton?", "rewrite": "How is England calls related to Peter Shilton?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property.", "This was a new experience for Ramsey, as England had not needed to qualify since the 1962 competition, due to the automatic qualification given to them as hosts in 1966, and holders in 1970. On paper they were given a comfortable draw, in a three-team group with Wales and Olympic champions Poland. After a victory, and a draw with Wales, England went to Poland next, the Poles having lost their first match in Cardiff. The match was a disaster for England, who went a goal down from a free kick seven minutes into the game to a sloppy defensive error by Bobby Moore and goalkeeper Peter Shilton. This was compounded two minutes into the second half when Moore allowed W\u0142odzimierz Luba\u0144ski to dispossess him, and make it 2\u20130. To make matters worse, with less than a quarter of an hour to go, Alan Ball became the second player to be sent off while playing for England which would rule him out of the return in four months time. Three months later, Poland easily disposed of the Welsh, 3\u20130 in Chorz\u00f3w, so this meant that only a victory at Wembley against the Poles would be good enough for England to qualify. The match has passed into folklore as England, from beginning to end, created chance after chance but failed to score. England's inability to find the net was largely down to Polish goalkeeper Jan Tomaszewski. Twelve minutes into the second half, Norman Hunter \u2013 in the team for Bobby Moore, who was about to see his international career end with a record 108 caps, made a costly mistake. Running towards a ball by the touch-line near halfway, he made to control the ball, but Grzegorz Lato intercepted, raced away and squared the ball for Jan Domarski whose shot squirmed under Peter Shilton's body.", "Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars.", "Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton."], "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany in November 1970.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8ba34c96f91f4a0ea4523a76544bfb3d_1_q#1", "question": "Did they win against East Germany?", "rewrite": "Did England win against East Germany in November 1970?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg (born 6 July 1946) is a German chess FIDE Master (FM), East Germany Chess Championship winner (1972), European Team Chess Championship team bronze and individual gold medal winner (1970). Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg learned the chess at the age of seven from his father. In 1961, he won East Germany Children Chess Championship. In 1964, Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg won East Germany Youth Chess Championship. In 1966, he won East Germany Student Chess Championship. Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg lives in his hometown since his birth. After graduation he studied mathematics at the Leipzig University from 1965 to 1970. From 1974 to 1979, Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg completed a distance learning in computer science at the College of Engineering Dresden, which he graduated as an engineer. From 1970 Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg worked as a computer scientist, while the last ten years in the administration of the Leipzig University. He is married since 1968 and father of three children. In 1972, in G\u00f6rlitz Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg won East Germany Chess Championship. In 1969 and 1972, he twice won East Germany Blitz Chess Championship. Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg played for East Germany in the Chess Olympiad: Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg played for East Germany in the European Team Chess Championships: Manfred Sch\u00f6neberg played for East Germany in the World Student Team Chess Championships:", "He agreed a four-year deal to become England's first foreign head coach, that would see him lead the English through the 2019 Rugby World Cup. This deal was later extended by two-years subject to England's performance at the World Cup. Jones brought in Steve Borthwick, who also coached Japan with him, from Bristol, and Paul Gustard from Saracens as his assistant coaches. The coaching team led England to their first Grand Slam since 2003, having beaten all their opponents in the 2016 Six Nations Championship. They opened with a 15\u20139 win over Scotland before seeing out Italy 40\u20139. In Jones' first home game, he led England to a 21\u201310 victory over Ireland, before going onto beat Wales 25\u201321 a week later - at one point they led the Welsh 19\u20130, though conceded 3 tries in the second half. England secured the Championship on 13 March when Scotland beat France, which meant England was going into the final round having already secured the title. A 31\u201321 victory over France in the final game of the 2016 Championship, saw England win their first Grand Slam since 2003. He then took his English side to tour Australia for a three-test series against the Wallabies, which saw England win the series 3\u20130, this was England's first ever three-test series victory. In the first test, England scored their most points against Australia when they won 39\u201328. The second test saw England win their third consecutive match against Australia on Australian soil, winning 23\u20137, a record winning margin for a game on Australian soil. The final test confirmed the whitewash, winning 44\u201340. During the series, Jones had led England from 4th in the world to 2nd.", "In the decider he scored 17 and took figures of 3\u201352 to help England win the match and the series 3\u20132. He hit an unbeaten 24 and took two wickets to help England win the only T20 match between the two sides. Stokes was selected in the England team for the first Ashes Test, and scored 52 in the first innings to help England into a first innings lead. He then scored 42 in the second innings as England won by 169 runs. He made 87 in England's first innings of the second Test, but failed to take a wicket as England lost by 405 runs. In the third Test he was dismissed for a duck in his only innings but took 1\u201328 in Australia's second innings as England won by eight wickets. In the fourth Test he was ineffective with the bat but took figures of 6\u201336 in Australia's second innings to help England win the match and regain the Ashes. In the final match of the series he took figures of 3\u2013133 in Australia's first innings, but only made fifteen runs with the bat in the match after being dismissed for a duck when England were following on. England lost the match by an innings and 48 runs but won the series 3\u20132. In the one off T20I against Australia, Stokes took figures of 1\u201329 as England won by five runs. Stokes played in all five ODIs against Australia, his best performance with the ball coming in the second game of the series where he took figures of 3\u201360, although England lost the match by 59 runs. During the second ODI match of the series against Australia, Stokes was given out obstructing the field. He became only the sixth batsman to be given out in this manner in an ODI game. While Stokes never took another a wicket in the series, his batting did improve.", "This proved to be Jordan's only game of the series. Jordan was overlooked at the start of the World Cup and did not play until England met Bangladesh in a must win game. Jordan took figures of 2\u201359 as Bangladesh posted 275. Jordan was later run out for a duck as England failed to chase the target and were eliminated. In the final game against Afghanistan Jordan picked up the man of the match award after picking up figures of 2\u201313 to help England win by nine wickets. Jordan kept his place in the team for the tour of West Indies. In the first innings of the first Test, he remained unbeaten on 21. After taking 1\u201346 in the first innings, he took 1\u201348 in the second innings as England were unable to force a result. In the second Test he took 2\u201365 in West Indies first innings and followed this up taking a wicket in the second innings to help England win the game. In the third Test he was less effective. He failed to take a wicket in the West Indies first innings as they were bowled out for 189. After England collapsed in their second innings, Jordan took 1\u201324 in the West Indies second innings but England lost the game by five wickets as the West Indies levelled the series at 1\u20131. Although Jordan didn't play in the Test series, he returned to the fold for the ODI series. He picked up figures of 1\u201333 in the first match, as England secured an emphatic victory. However, he was expensive in the next match, taking figures of 1\u201397 as New Zealand posted 398 to secure a win on the D/L method. Jordan injured himself in the match and was ruled out of the rest of the series, which England went on to win 3\u20132. After being left out of the matches against Australia, Jordan returned against Pakistan.", "Another batting collapse contributed to England's defeat, with the team being bowled out for just 110 in their second innings. England redeemed themselves in the following match, winning by 126 runs. Tim Ambrose, who Moores had handed the wicket keeper spot to, helped to win the game after making a century. England won the final match of the series by 121 runs. England made 253 in their first innings before bowling New Zealand out for 168. England took control of the game, declaring on 467/7, putting them in control of the game. Although New Zealand reached 431, they still fell 131 runs short, giving England a 2-1 series win. New Zealand travelled to England in the summer of 2008. There were few changes made to the England team who started the first test match. The match ended in a draw following rain, with the match evenly poised after England posted 319 in response to New Zealand's 277. New Zealand ended the match on 269/6. The second test saw England win by six wickets. Despite New Zealand having a lead of 179 going into the second innings, England bowled them out for 114 in their second innings before going on to reach 294/4. England again won the third and final test at Trent Bridge, this time putting in a complete performance. New Zealand were bowled out for 123 and 232, allowing England to win the game by an innings and 9 runs and winning the series 2-0. This made it back to back Test series wins against New Zealand, and the first time Moores had won back to back test series. The one off T20 match saw England win by 9 wickets. Graeme Swann took figures of 2-21 as he continued to become an integral part of England's team, while Ian Bell helped guide England to victory after hitting an unbeaten 60."], "answer": {"text": "England won 3-1.", "answer_start": 148}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is England calls related to Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany in November 1970.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ba34c96f91f4a0ea4523a76544bfb3d_1_q#2", "question": "How long did Shilton play for England?", "rewrite": "How long did Peter Shilton play for England?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Then came five early September goals conceded in losing 3\u20130 at Arsenal and beating Wolves 3\u20132 at home. Peter Shilton then signed for a record fee for a goalkeeper of \u00a3325,000. Taylor reasoned: \"Shilton wins you matches.\" 20 year old John Middleton was first team goalkeeper pre-Shilton. Middleton later in the month went in part exchange with \u00a325,000 to Derby County for Archie Gemmill transferring to Forest. Gemmill was another Scottish former 1972 Derby title winner. Forest lost only three of their first 16 league games, the last of which was at Leeds United on 19 November 1977. They lost only one further game all season, an 11 March FA Cup sixth round defeat at West Bromwich Albion. Forest won the 1977\u201378 Football League seven-points ahead of runners-up Liverpool. Forest became one of the few teams (and the most recent team to date) to win the First Division title the season after winning promotion from the Second Division. This made Clough the third of four managers to win the English league championship with two different clubs. Forest conceded just 24 goals in 42 league games. They beat Liverpool 1\u20130 in the 1978 Football League Cup Final replay, despite cup-tied Shilton, Gemmill and December signing David Needham not playing. Chris Woods chalked up two clean sheets in the final covering Shilton's league cup absence. McGovern missed the replay through injury, and Burns lifted the trophy as the stand-in captain. Robertson's penalty was the only goal of the game. Forest started season 1978\u201379 by beating Ipswich Town 5\u20130 for an FA Community Shield record win. In the 1978\u201379 European Cup they were drawn to play the trophy winners of the two previous seasons, Liverpool. Home goals by Birtles and Colin Barrett put Forest through 2\u20130 on aggregate.", "Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars.", "Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton.", "Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is England calls related to Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany in November 1970.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win against East Germany?", "answer": {"text": "England won 3-1.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ba34c96f91f4a0ea4523a76544bfb3d_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article aside from Peter Shilton playing for England in 1970?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona Peter Shilton's Handball Maradona (referred to in title as Peter Shilton's Football) is a multiplatform traditional soccer/football simulation video game that was released in 1986 for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum. The game allows players to control legendary goalkeeper Peter Shilton. The game's title refers to the \"hand of God\" goal scored by Diego Maradona against England at the 1986 FIFA World Cup. During the course of the game, sixteen teams, taken from what was then the top-flight of English football, are available for the player to play against, while trying to improve the skill of the players through saving potential goals. Each match consists of a series of friendly games. The game can support the full names of football squads like Wolverhampton Wanderers and West Bromwich Albion. Games are permitted to end in draws because of this rule. Like in real football, the game is divided into two halves where the player gets to make about three to four saves per half. The Commodore 64 version has some extra sound effects and some limited digitized speech. AllGame gave the game a score of 2.5/5 stars.", "Chris Woods Christopher Charles Eric Woods (born 14 November 1959) is a former England international football goalkeeper. He played in the Football League and Premier League for Nottingham Forest, Queens Park Rangers, Norwich City, Sheffield Wednesday, Reading, Southampton and Burnley. He also played in the Scottish Football League for Rangers and in Major League Soccer for the Colorado Rapids. Woods was Peter Shilton's long-time understudy in the England team in the mid to late 1980s, finally claiming the number one shirt for himself in the early 1990s. In all, he managed to accrue 43 caps in an eight-year international career. Woods has been goalkeeper coach for Everton, the United States and Manchester United. He was most recently coaching at West Ham United. When 17 years old, Woods joined Nottingham Forest as an apprentice in 1976, initially as back-up for John Middleton, then Peter Shilton. With Shilton cup-tied for the 1977\u201378 Football League Cup, having already played for Stoke City in that season's competition, Woods played every match as Forest reached the final, where they beat Liverpool in a replay, Woods keeping two clean sheets in the process. Shilton remained the club's first choice goalkeeper, and the 1977\u201378 League Cup games proved to be Woods' only senior appearances for the club as they went on to win the Football League, League Cup again, and European Cup. Queens Park Rangers paid \u00a3250,000 for 19-year-old Woods in July 1979. As first choice at QPR, Woods made his Football League debut, playing 63 league games over the next two seasons. In May 1981 Norwich signed him for \u00a3225,000. In 1985 Woods won his second League Cup final, beating Sunderland 1\u20130 at Wembley. Norwich were relegated at the end of that season. England coach Bobby Robson took Woods on a post-season tour of America.", "Sam Shilton Sam Shilton (born 21 July 1978) is an English footballer who plays for Hinckley United. He previously played in the Football League, where he made over 140 appearances, and at Conference Premier level. Shilton started his football career with Plymouth Argyle as a trainee in August 1994. Roughly one year later, Shilton was the subject of a \u00a3125,000 transfer to Midlands side Coventry City. During his time with the \"Sky Blues\", Shilton played just six games before moving on to Hartlepool United. After three rather successful seasons with Hartlepool United, Shilton moved back to the Midlands to Kidderminster Harriers where he appeared 79 times. His next move was to Conference National side Burton Albion where he stayed for just over a year. He joined Hinckley United in July 2005, starting in midfield for the Conference North club, but an injury crisis caused him to be moved to defence. He played so well in that position that he was ever present in his defence role for Hinckley United, making over 100 appearances. Shilton left Hinckley on 7 December 2007, signing for Kettering Town. but made just two appearances during the 2007\u201308 season. He moved on to Solihull Moors for the 2008\u201309 season. but was released, however, on 3 October 2008. After his release from Solihull Moors, Shilton was without a club for a season, but later moved onto Bedworth United of the Southern League Division One Midlands. He had been training with the club during the summer of 2009 before subsequently joining the club. In August 2013, Hinckley United confirmed Shilton as one of their registered players for the 2013-14 season. He is the son of former England goalkeeper Peter Shilton.", "This was a new experience for Ramsey, as England had not needed to qualify since the 1962 competition, due to the automatic qualification given to them as hosts in 1966, and holders in 1970. On paper they were given a comfortable draw, in a three-team group with Wales and Olympic champions Poland. After a victory, and a draw with Wales, England went to Poland next, the Poles having lost their first match in Cardiff. The match was a disaster for England, who went a goal down from a free kick seven minutes into the game to a sloppy defensive error by Bobby Moore and goalkeeper Peter Shilton. This was compounded two minutes into the second half when Moore allowed W\u0142odzimierz Luba\u0144ski to dispossess him, and make it 2\u20130. To make matters worse, with less than a quarter of an hour to go, Alan Ball became the second player to be sent off while playing for England which would rule him out of the return in four months time. Three months later, Poland easily disposed of the Welsh, 3\u20130 in Chorz\u00f3w, so this meant that only a victory at Wembley against the Poles would be good enough for England to qualify. The match has passed into folklore as England, from beginning to end, created chance after chance but failed to score. England's inability to find the net was largely down to Polish goalkeeper Jan Tomaszewski. Twelve minutes into the second half, Norman Hunter \u2013 in the team for Bobby Moore, who was about to see his international career end with a record 108 caps, made a costly mistake. Running towards a ball by the touch-line near halfway, he made to control the ball, but Grzegorz Lato intercepted, raced away and squared the ball for Jan Domarski whose shot squirmed under Peter Shilton's body.", "Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland. Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Of these include David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, he also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all. After playing, Sansom fell on hard financial times with business, gambling problems and alcoholism. Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the \"Legend's Tour\" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium. He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI. On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property."], "answer": {"text": "In October 1972, Gordon Banks was involved in a car crash which resulted in the loss of the sight in one eye and thus ended his career.", "answer_start": 1108}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is England calls related to Peter Shilton?", "answer": {"text": "Despite playing at a lower level, he impressed England manager Alf Ramsey sufficiently to give him his debut against East Germany in November 1970.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win against East Germany?", "answer": {"text": "England won 3-1.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did Shilton play for England?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5902966db9514d78949d13a285345f8e_0_q#0", "question": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "rewrite": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike Vernon was the winning goaltender in the Campbell Conference's 9\u20135 victory, while forwards Joe Mullen and Joe Nieuwendyk, and defenceman Gary Suter also played in the Game. Co-captain Lanny McDonald, a veteran of 16 NHL seasons, reached two of the league's most important milestones late in the season. He scored a goal against Bob Essensa of the Winnipeg Jets on March 7 to score the 1,000th point of his NHL career. Two weeks later, on March 21, McDonald scored his 500th goal against Mark Fitzpatrick in a 4\u20131 victory over the New York Islanders in Calgary. On the same night that McDonald scored his 500th, Joe Nieuwendyk scored his 50th goal of the season, becoming the third player in NHL history after Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky to reach the 50-goal mark in his first two seasons. Nieuwendyk scored his 100th career goal in just his 144th game. He reached the milestone in the third fewest games in league history, behind Mike Bossy (129 games) and Maurice Richard (134 games). Joe Mullen also topped 50 goals for the Flames. He finished seventh in league scoring with 110 points, and broke Jimmy Carson's NHL record for most points in a season by an American-born player. The Flames made NHL history when they successfully completed a deal with the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation that allowed 25-year-old forward Sergei Pryakhin to become the first Soviet player permitted by his native federation to play in the NHL. Pryakhin made his debut on March 31 in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. The Flames finished the season with 54 wins, a franchise record, and became the fifth team in NHL history to win 50 games in a season after the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers.", "Langenbrunner made his NHL debut on April 9, 1995, skating with Dallas in a game against the St. Louis Blues, but he did not become an NHL regular until the 1996\u201397 season, when he played 76 games and scored 39 points playing on the left wing. For his strong first-year efforts, he was named a candidate for the Calder Memorial Trophy, given annually to the NHL's Rookie of the Year. Langenbrunner, however, was ultimately edged-out by Bryan Berard of the New York Islanders for the honor. During the 1997\u201398 season, Langenbrunner reached the 20-goal plateau, scoring 23 goals and 29 assists for 52 points while playing in 81 games. That year, Langenbrunner also represented his country at the 1998 Winter Olympics, though the Americans fell short of winning a medal. In the 1998\u201399 season, Langenbrunner played in 75 games, scoring 12 goals and adding 33 assists for 45 total points. However, his real breakthrough came in the playoffs that year, where he scored 10 goals and had 17 points while winning his and Dallas' first Stanley Cup over the Buffalo Sabres. He was third in scoring for the Stars, behind Mike Modano and that year's Conn Smythe Trophy winner, Joe Nieuwendyk. On March 19, 2002, Langenbrunner was traded with Joe Nieuwendyk to the New Jersey Devils for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first-round draft pick. The next season, in 2002\u201303, Langenbrunner had a then career-best 22 goals and 33 assists for 55 points in 78 games for the Devils. He continued his scoring numbers in the playoffs, leading the league in goals (11) and points (18) en route to his second Stanley Cup in a 4\u20133 series victory versus the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.", "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002. He scored 11 points in 14 regular season games for the Devils following the trade, but New Jersey was eliminated in the first round of the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs by the Carolina Hurricanes. Nieuwendyk reached two offensive milestones in 2002-03. He scored his 500th career goal on January 17, 2003, against Carolina's Kevin Weekes. On February 23, he scored his 1,000th point in a win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. He and the Devils reached the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, but Nieuwendyk suffered a hip injury in the sixth game of the Eastern Conference Final that prevented him from appearing in the championship series. The Devils defeated the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the final, capturing the franchise's third Stanley Cup. For Nieuwendyk, it was his third title with his third different team. The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season. He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played, and a groin injury that forced him out of the lineup for much of Toronto's second-round series loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. He signed another one-year deal for 2004-05, but the season was cancelled due to a labour dispute that was feared would mark the end of the 38-year-old Nieuwendyk's career. When NHL play resumed in 2005-06, the Florida Panthers sought to bolster their lineup with veteran players. They signed both Nieuwendyk and Roberts, who had played together in Calgary and Toronto and wanted to finish their careers together, to two-year, $4.5 million contracts.", "The team was surprised that he had fallen to them, believing Biotti to be the best defenceman available and expressing confidence he would be a star in the NHL. Their predictions ultimately proved unfounded. After spending two seasons at Harvard University, Biotti played three seasons for their minor league team in Salt Lake and another two in Europe before retiring. He never appeared in a National Hockey League game. With the second round pick acquired from Minnesota in the Nilsson trade, Calgary selected East Coast Athletic Conference rookie of the year Joe Nieuwendyk from Cornell University. Labeled \"Joe who?\" by media and fans unsure of his potential, Nieuwendyk ultimately had the longest NHL career of any Flames' selection in this draft. He appeared in 1,257 games, scoring 1,126 points and won the Stanley Cup with Calgary in 1989, the Dallas Stars in 1999 and the New Jersey Devils in 2003, in addition to a gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics. He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2011.", "Dallas Stars The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. Before the beginning of the 1978\u201379 NHL season, the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team's respective financial struggles. Ultimately, the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993\u201394 NHL season. The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001, when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league, the Western Conference championship twice, and in 1998\u201399, the Stanley Cup. Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year. In 2000, Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2009, Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014. In 2010, brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. The Minnesota North Stars began play in 1967 as part of the league's six-team expansion. Home games were played at the newly constructed Metropolitan Sports Center (\"Met Center\") in Bloomington, Minnesota. Initially successful both on the ice and at the gate, the North Stars fell victim to financial problems after several poor seasons in the mid-1970s. In 1978, the North Stars merged with the Cleveland Barons (formerly the California Golden Seals), owned by George III and Gordon Gund."], "answer": {"text": "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5902966db9514d78949d13a285345f8e_0_q#1", "question": "What happened in toronto?", "rewrite": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in toronto?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although he felt like somebody was \"stabbing a knife in [his] gut every five minutes\", Fleury had played every game for the Flames when he revealed in December 1995 that he had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease and doctors had finally found the correct medication to control it. Despite the ailment, Fleury led the team in goals, assists and points, and played in his third All-Star Game, serving as Calgary's only representative. When Joe Nieuwendyk refused to report to the Flames prior to the 1995 season, they named Fleury interim captain. The title was made permanent when Nieuwendyk was traded in December. Fleury was reluctant to assume the captaincy, but did so out of loyalty to the team and because there was nobody else capable of taking on the role. He relinquished it two seasons later after deciding that it was harming his play and affecting his relationship with his teammates and coach Pierre Pag\u00e9. The Flames struggled in 1996\u201397, finishing last in the Pacific Division and missing the playoffs for only the second time since their arrival in Calgary in 1980. Fleury again led the team in scoring, but his 29 goals were the fewest he had scored in a full season in the NHL. He was the Flames' lone representative at the 1997 All-Star Game. He scored only 27 goals in 1997\u201398, but increased his point total from 67 to 78 while also leading the team with 197 penalties in minutes. On November 29, 1997, Fleury scored his 315th career goal, breaking Nieuwendyk's franchise record. The same day, he was named to Team Canada for the 1998 Winter Olympics. Fleury participated in his fifth All-Star Game that season, but the Flames again missed the playoffs.", "Langenbrunner made his NHL debut on April 9, 1995, skating with Dallas in a game against the St. Louis Blues, but he did not become an NHL regular until the 1996\u201397 season, when he played 76 games and scored 39 points playing on the left wing. For his strong first-year efforts, he was named a candidate for the Calder Memorial Trophy, given annually to the NHL's Rookie of the Year. Langenbrunner, however, was ultimately edged-out by Bryan Berard of the New York Islanders for the honor. During the 1997\u201398 season, Langenbrunner reached the 20-goal plateau, scoring 23 goals and 29 assists for 52 points while playing in 81 games. That year, Langenbrunner also represented his country at the 1998 Winter Olympics, though the Americans fell short of winning a medal. In the 1998\u201399 season, Langenbrunner played in 75 games, scoring 12 goals and adding 33 assists for 45 total points. However, his real breakthrough came in the playoffs that year, where he scored 10 goals and had 17 points while winning his and Dallas' first Stanley Cup over the Buffalo Sabres. He was third in scoring for the Stars, behind Mike Modano and that year's Conn Smythe Trophy winner, Joe Nieuwendyk. On March 19, 2002, Langenbrunner was traded with Joe Nieuwendyk to the New Jersey Devils for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first-round draft pick. The next season, in 2002\u201303, Langenbrunner had a then career-best 22 goals and 33 assists for 55 points in 78 games for the Devils. He continued his scoring numbers in the playoffs, leading the league in goals (11) and points (18) en route to his second Stanley Cup in a 4\u20133 series victory versus the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.", "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002. He scored 11 points in 14 regular season games for the Devils following the trade, but New Jersey was eliminated in the first round of the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs by the Carolina Hurricanes. Nieuwendyk reached two offensive milestones in 2002-03. He scored his 500th career goal on January 17, 2003, against Carolina's Kevin Weekes. On February 23, he scored his 1,000th point in a win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. He and the Devils reached the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, but Nieuwendyk suffered a hip injury in the sixth game of the Eastern Conference Final that prevented him from appearing in the championship series. The Devils defeated the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the final, capturing the franchise's third Stanley Cup. For Nieuwendyk, it was his third title with his third different team. The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season. He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played, and a groin injury that forced him out of the lineup for much of Toronto's second-round series loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. He signed another one-year deal for 2004-05, but the season was cancelled due to a labour dispute that was feared would mark the end of the 38-year-old Nieuwendyk's career. When NHL play resumed in 2005-06, the Florida Panthers sought to bolster their lineup with veteran players. They signed both Nieuwendyk and Roberts, who had played together in Calgary and Toronto and wanted to finish their careers together, to two-year, $4.5 million contracts.", "Mike Vernon was the winning goaltender in the Campbell Conference's 9\u20135 victory, while forwards Joe Mullen and Joe Nieuwendyk, and defenceman Gary Suter also played in the Game. Co-captain Lanny McDonald, a veteran of 16 NHL seasons, reached two of the league's most important milestones late in the season. He scored a goal against Bob Essensa of the Winnipeg Jets on March 7 to score the 1,000th point of his NHL career. Two weeks later, on March 21, McDonald scored his 500th goal against Mark Fitzpatrick in a 4\u20131 victory over the New York Islanders in Calgary. On the same night that McDonald scored his 500th, Joe Nieuwendyk scored his 50th goal of the season, becoming the third player in NHL history after Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky to reach the 50-goal mark in his first two seasons. Nieuwendyk scored his 100th career goal in just his 144th game. He reached the milestone in the third fewest games in league history, behind Mike Bossy (129 games) and Maurice Richard (134 games). Joe Mullen also topped 50 goals for the Flames. He finished seventh in league scoring with 110 points, and broke Jimmy Carson's NHL record for most points in a season by an American-born player. The Flames made NHL history when they successfully completed a deal with the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation that allowed 25-year-old forward Sergei Pryakhin to become the first Soviet player permitted by his native federation to play in the NHL. Pryakhin made his debut on March 31 in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. The Flames finished the season with 54 wins, a franchise record, and became the fifth team in NHL history to win 50 games in a season after the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers.", "Dallas Stars The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. Before the beginning of the 1978\u201379 NHL season, the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team's respective financial struggles. Ultimately, the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993\u201394 NHL season. The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001, when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league, the Western Conference championship twice, and in 1998\u201399, the Stanley Cup. Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year. In 2000, Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2009, Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014. In 2010, brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. The Minnesota North Stars began play in 1967 as part of the league's six-team expansion. Home games were played at the newly constructed Metropolitan Sports Center (\"Met Center\") in Bloomington, Minnesota. Initially successful both on the ice and at the gate, the North Stars fell victim to financial problems after several poor seasons in the mid-1970s. In 1978, the North Stars merged with the Cleveland Barons (formerly the California Golden Seals), owned by George III and Gordon Gund."], "answer": {"text": "The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season.", "answer_start": 941}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "answer": {"text": "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5902966db9514d78949d13a285345f8e_0_q#2", "question": "How did he perform that year?", "rewrite": "How did Joe Nieuwendyk perform that in 2003-04 in toronto?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1995\u201396 Calgary Flames season The 1995\u201396 Calgary Flames season was the 16th National Hockey League season in Calgary. The Flames entered the season with their fifth coach in five seasons, hiring Pierre Page to replace Dave King. Page, who had previously been an assistant coach with the Flames in the 1980s, left his head coaching position with the Quebec Nordiques to move west. The Flames began the season with a disastrous start, posting a 4\u201315\u20135 record through the end of November. The team's poor start was exacerbated by the holdout of Joe Nieuwendyk, who was unable to reach a contract agreement with the Flames. Also, the Flames began the season on a long, seven game road trip while renovations to the Olympic Saddledome were completed. The Flames reached a low point on October 27, 1995, when they set a franchise record for futility, recording just eight shots in a 3\u20130 loss to the Detroit Red Wings on home ice. The Nieuwendyk saga finally came to a close when the Flames dealt him to the Dallas Stars for Corey Millen, and Western Hockey League star Jarome Iginla on December 19. Nieuwendyk immediately ended his holdout, signing a five-year, $11 million contract with Dallas. The Flames began to turn the season around, led by Gary Roberts' comeback from neck injuries that had kept him out most of the 1994\u201395 season. Roberts' comeback lasted only 35 games before he was again sidelined with bone spurs and nerve damage in his neck. Roberts would score an incredible 22 goals and 42 points during that time, earning him the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for perseverance and dedication to hockey. The Flames recovered from their woeful start to finish second in the Pacific Division, and as the sixth seed in the Western Conference.", "Mike Vernon was the winning goaltender in the Campbell Conference's 9\u20135 victory, while forwards Joe Mullen and Joe Nieuwendyk, and defenceman Gary Suter also played in the Game. Co-captain Lanny McDonald, a veteran of 16 NHL seasons, reached two of the league's most important milestones late in the season. He scored a goal against Bob Essensa of the Winnipeg Jets on March 7 to score the 1,000th point of his NHL career. Two weeks later, on March 21, McDonald scored his 500th goal against Mark Fitzpatrick in a 4\u20131 victory over the New York Islanders in Calgary. On the same night that McDonald scored his 500th, Joe Nieuwendyk scored his 50th goal of the season, becoming the third player in NHL history after Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky to reach the 50-goal mark in his first two seasons. Nieuwendyk scored his 100th career goal in just his 144th game. He reached the milestone in the third fewest games in league history, behind Mike Bossy (129 games) and Maurice Richard (134 games). Joe Mullen also topped 50 goals for the Flames. He finished seventh in league scoring with 110 points, and broke Jimmy Carson's NHL record for most points in a season by an American-born player. The Flames made NHL history when they successfully completed a deal with the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation that allowed 25-year-old forward Sergei Pryakhin to become the first Soviet player permitted by his native federation to play in the NHL. Pryakhin made his debut on March 31 in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. The Flames finished the season with 54 wins, a franchise record, and became the fifth team in NHL history to win 50 games in a season after the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers.", "Langenbrunner made his NHL debut on April 9, 1995, skating with Dallas in a game against the St. Louis Blues, but he did not become an NHL regular until the 1996\u201397 season, when he played 76 games and scored 39 points playing on the left wing. For his strong first-year efforts, he was named a candidate for the Calder Memorial Trophy, given annually to the NHL's Rookie of the Year. Langenbrunner, however, was ultimately edged-out by Bryan Berard of the New York Islanders for the honor. During the 1997\u201398 season, Langenbrunner reached the 20-goal plateau, scoring 23 goals and 29 assists for 52 points while playing in 81 games. That year, Langenbrunner also represented his country at the 1998 Winter Olympics, though the Americans fell short of winning a medal. In the 1998\u201399 season, Langenbrunner played in 75 games, scoring 12 goals and adding 33 assists for 45 total points. However, his real breakthrough came in the playoffs that year, where he scored 10 goals and had 17 points while winning his and Dallas' first Stanley Cup over the Buffalo Sabres. He was third in scoring for the Stars, behind Mike Modano and that year's Conn Smythe Trophy winner, Joe Nieuwendyk. On March 19, 2002, Langenbrunner was traded with Joe Nieuwendyk to the New Jersey Devils for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first-round draft pick. The next season, in 2002\u201303, Langenbrunner had a then career-best 22 goals and 33 assists for 55 points in 78 games for the Devils. He continued his scoring numbers in the playoffs, leading the league in goals (11) and points (18) en route to his second Stanley Cup in a 4\u20133 series victory versus the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.", "Dallas Stars The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. Before the beginning of the 1978\u201379 NHL season, the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team's respective financial struggles. Ultimately, the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993\u201394 NHL season. The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001, when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league, the Western Conference championship twice, and in 1998\u201399, the Stanley Cup. Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year. In 2000, Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2009, Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014. In 2010, brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. The Minnesota North Stars began play in 1967 as part of the league's six-team expansion. Home games were played at the newly constructed Metropolitan Sports Center (\"Met Center\") in Bloomington, Minnesota. Initially successful both on the ice and at the gate, the North Stars fell victim to financial problems after several poor seasons in the mid-1970s. In 1978, the North Stars merged with the Cleveland Barons (formerly the California Golden Seals), owned by George III and Gordon Gund.", "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002. He scored 11 points in 14 regular season games for the Devils following the trade, but New Jersey was eliminated in the first round of the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs by the Carolina Hurricanes. Nieuwendyk reached two offensive milestones in 2002-03. He scored his 500th career goal on January 17, 2003, against Carolina's Kevin Weekes. On February 23, he scored his 1,000th point in a win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. He and the Devils reached the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, but Nieuwendyk suffered a hip injury in the sixth game of the Eastern Conference Final that prevented him from appearing in the championship series. The Devils defeated the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the final, capturing the franchise's third Stanley Cup. For Nieuwendyk, it was his third title with his third different team. The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season. He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played, and a groin injury that forced him out of the lineup for much of Toronto's second-round series loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. He signed another one-year deal for 2004-05, but the season was cancelled due to a labour dispute that was feared would mark the end of the 38-year-old Nieuwendyk's career. When NHL play resumed in 2005-06, the Florida Panthers sought to bolster their lineup with veteran players. They signed both Nieuwendyk and Roberts, who had played together in Calgary and Toronto and wanted to finish their careers together, to two-year, $4.5 million contracts."], "answer": {"text": "He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played,", "answer_start": 1030}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "answer": {"text": "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in toronto?", "answer": {"text": "The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5902966db9514d78949d13a285345f8e_0_q#3", "question": "Did his team win?", "rewrite": "Did Joe Nieuwendyk's team win in 2003-04?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Langenbrunner made his NHL debut on April 9, 1995, skating with Dallas in a game against the St. Louis Blues, but he did not become an NHL regular until the 1996\u201397 season, when he played 76 games and scored 39 points playing on the left wing. For his strong first-year efforts, he was named a candidate for the Calder Memorial Trophy, given annually to the NHL's Rookie of the Year. Langenbrunner, however, was ultimately edged-out by Bryan Berard of the New York Islanders for the honor. During the 1997\u201398 season, Langenbrunner reached the 20-goal plateau, scoring 23 goals and 29 assists for 52 points while playing in 81 games. That year, Langenbrunner also represented his country at the 1998 Winter Olympics, though the Americans fell short of winning a medal. In the 1998\u201399 season, Langenbrunner played in 75 games, scoring 12 goals and adding 33 assists for 45 total points. However, his real breakthrough came in the playoffs that year, where he scored 10 goals and had 17 points while winning his and Dallas' first Stanley Cup over the Buffalo Sabres. He was third in scoring for the Stars, behind Mike Modano and that year's Conn Smythe Trophy winner, Joe Nieuwendyk. On March 19, 2002, Langenbrunner was traded with Joe Nieuwendyk to the New Jersey Devils for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first-round draft pick. The next season, in 2002\u201303, Langenbrunner had a then career-best 22 goals and 33 assists for 55 points in 78 games for the Devils. He continued his scoring numbers in the playoffs, leading the league in goals (11) and points (18) en route to his second Stanley Cup in a 4\u20133 series victory versus the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.", "Mike Vernon was the winning goaltender in the Campbell Conference's 9\u20135 victory, while forwards Joe Mullen and Joe Nieuwendyk, and defenceman Gary Suter also played in the Game. Co-captain Lanny McDonald, a veteran of 16 NHL seasons, reached two of the league's most important milestones late in the season. He scored a goal against Bob Essensa of the Winnipeg Jets on March 7 to score the 1,000th point of his NHL career. Two weeks later, on March 21, McDonald scored his 500th goal against Mark Fitzpatrick in a 4\u20131 victory over the New York Islanders in Calgary. On the same night that McDonald scored his 500th, Joe Nieuwendyk scored his 50th goal of the season, becoming the third player in NHL history after Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky to reach the 50-goal mark in his first two seasons. Nieuwendyk scored his 100th career goal in just his 144th game. He reached the milestone in the third fewest games in league history, behind Mike Bossy (129 games) and Maurice Richard (134 games). Joe Mullen also topped 50 goals for the Flames. He finished seventh in league scoring with 110 points, and broke Jimmy Carson's NHL record for most points in a season by an American-born player. The Flames made NHL history when they successfully completed a deal with the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation that allowed 25-year-old forward Sergei Pryakhin to become the first Soviet player permitted by his native federation to play in the NHL. Pryakhin made his debut on March 31 in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. The Flames finished the season with 54 wins, a franchise record, and became the fifth team in NHL history to win 50 games in a season after the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers.", "Dallas Stars The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. Before the beginning of the 1978\u201379 NHL season, the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team's respective financial struggles. Ultimately, the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993\u201394 NHL season. The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001, when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league, the Western Conference championship twice, and in 1998\u201399, the Stanley Cup. Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year. In 2000, Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2009, Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014. In 2010, brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. The Minnesota North Stars began play in 1967 as part of the league's six-team expansion. Home games were played at the newly constructed Metropolitan Sports Center (\"Met Center\") in Bloomington, Minnesota. Initially successful both on the ice and at the gate, the North Stars fell victim to financial problems after several poor seasons in the mid-1970s. In 1978, the North Stars merged with the Cleveland Barons (formerly the California Golden Seals), owned by George III and Gordon Gund.", "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002. He scored 11 points in 14 regular season games for the Devils following the trade, but New Jersey was eliminated in the first round of the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs by the Carolina Hurricanes. Nieuwendyk reached two offensive milestones in 2002-03. He scored his 500th career goal on January 17, 2003, against Carolina's Kevin Weekes. On February 23, he scored his 1,000th point in a win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. He and the Devils reached the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, but Nieuwendyk suffered a hip injury in the sixth game of the Eastern Conference Final that prevented him from appearing in the championship series. The Devils defeated the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the final, capturing the franchise's third Stanley Cup. For Nieuwendyk, it was his third title with his third different team. The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season. He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played, and a groin injury that forced him out of the lineup for much of Toronto's second-round series loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. He signed another one-year deal for 2004-05, but the season was cancelled due to a labour dispute that was feared would mark the end of the 38-year-old Nieuwendyk's career. When NHL play resumed in 2005-06, the Florida Panthers sought to bolster their lineup with veteran players. They signed both Nieuwendyk and Roberts, who had played together in Calgary and Toronto and wanted to finish their careers together, to two-year, $4.5 million contracts.", "Although he felt like somebody was \"stabbing a knife in [his] gut every five minutes\", Fleury had played every game for the Flames when he revealed in December 1995 that he had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease and doctors had finally found the correct medication to control it. Despite the ailment, Fleury led the team in goals, assists and points, and played in his third All-Star Game, serving as Calgary's only representative. When Joe Nieuwendyk refused to report to the Flames prior to the 1995 season, they named Fleury interim captain. The title was made permanent when Nieuwendyk was traded in December. Fleury was reluctant to assume the captaincy, but did so out of loyalty to the team and because there was nobody else capable of taking on the role. He relinquished it two seasons later after deciding that it was harming his play and affecting his relationship with his teammates and coach Pierre Pag\u00e9. The Flames struggled in 1996\u201397, finishing last in the Pacific Division and missing the playoffs for only the second time since their arrival in Calgary in 1980. Fleury again led the team in scoring, but his 29 goals were the fewest he had scored in a full season in the NHL. He was the Flames' lone representative at the 1997 All-Star Game. He scored only 27 goals in 1997\u201398, but increased his point total from 67 to 78 while also leading the team with 197 penalties in minutes. On November 29, 1997, Fleury scored his 315th career goal, breaking Nieuwendyk's franchise record. The same day, he was named to Team Canada for the 1998 Winter Olympics. Fleury participated in his fifth All-Star Game that season, but the Flames again missed the playoffs."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "answer": {"text": "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in toronto?", "answer": {"text": "The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he perform that year?", "answer": {"text": "He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played,", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5902966db9514d78949d13a285345f8e_0_q#4", "question": "What happened in florida?", "rewrite": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in florida?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike Vernon was the winning goaltender in the Campbell Conference's 9\u20135 victory, while forwards Joe Mullen and Joe Nieuwendyk, and defenceman Gary Suter also played in the Game. Co-captain Lanny McDonald, a veteran of 16 NHL seasons, reached two of the league's most important milestones late in the season. He scored a goal against Bob Essensa of the Winnipeg Jets on March 7 to score the 1,000th point of his NHL career. Two weeks later, on March 21, McDonald scored his 500th goal against Mark Fitzpatrick in a 4\u20131 victory over the New York Islanders in Calgary. On the same night that McDonald scored his 500th, Joe Nieuwendyk scored his 50th goal of the season, becoming the third player in NHL history after Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky to reach the 50-goal mark in his first two seasons. Nieuwendyk scored his 100th career goal in just his 144th game. He reached the milestone in the third fewest games in league history, behind Mike Bossy (129 games) and Maurice Richard (134 games). Joe Mullen also topped 50 goals for the Flames. He finished seventh in league scoring with 110 points, and broke Jimmy Carson's NHL record for most points in a season by an American-born player. The Flames made NHL history when they successfully completed a deal with the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation that allowed 25-year-old forward Sergei Pryakhin to become the first Soviet player permitted by his native federation to play in the NHL. Pryakhin made his debut on March 31 in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. The Flames finished the season with 54 wins, a franchise record, and became the fifth team in NHL history to win 50 games in a season after the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers.", "Langenbrunner made his NHL debut on April 9, 1995, skating with Dallas in a game against the St. Louis Blues, but he did not become an NHL regular until the 1996\u201397 season, when he played 76 games and scored 39 points playing on the left wing. For his strong first-year efforts, he was named a candidate for the Calder Memorial Trophy, given annually to the NHL's Rookie of the Year. Langenbrunner, however, was ultimately edged-out by Bryan Berard of the New York Islanders for the honor. During the 1997\u201398 season, Langenbrunner reached the 20-goal plateau, scoring 23 goals and 29 assists for 52 points while playing in 81 games. That year, Langenbrunner also represented his country at the 1998 Winter Olympics, though the Americans fell short of winning a medal. In the 1998\u201399 season, Langenbrunner played in 75 games, scoring 12 goals and adding 33 assists for 45 total points. However, his real breakthrough came in the playoffs that year, where he scored 10 goals and had 17 points while winning his and Dallas' first Stanley Cup over the Buffalo Sabres. He was third in scoring for the Stars, behind Mike Modano and that year's Conn Smythe Trophy winner, Joe Nieuwendyk. On March 19, 2002, Langenbrunner was traded with Joe Nieuwendyk to the New Jersey Devils for Jason Arnott, Randy McKay and a first-round draft pick. The next season, in 2002\u201303, Langenbrunner had a then career-best 22 goals and 33 assists for 55 points in 78 games for the Devils. He continued his scoring numbers in the playoffs, leading the league in goals (11) and points (18) en route to his second Stanley Cup in a 4\u20133 series victory versus the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.", "Although he felt like somebody was \"stabbing a knife in [his] gut every five minutes\", Fleury had played every game for the Flames when he revealed in December 1995 that he had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease and doctors had finally found the correct medication to control it. Despite the ailment, Fleury led the team in goals, assists and points, and played in his third All-Star Game, serving as Calgary's only representative. When Joe Nieuwendyk refused to report to the Flames prior to the 1995 season, they named Fleury interim captain. The title was made permanent when Nieuwendyk was traded in December. Fleury was reluctant to assume the captaincy, but did so out of loyalty to the team and because there was nobody else capable of taking on the role. He relinquished it two seasons later after deciding that it was harming his play and affecting his relationship with his teammates and coach Pierre Pag\u00e9. The Flames struggled in 1996\u201397, finishing last in the Pacific Division and missing the playoffs for only the second time since their arrival in Calgary in 1980. Fleury again led the team in scoring, but his 29 goals were the fewest he had scored in a full season in the NHL. He was the Flames' lone representative at the 1997 All-Star Game. He scored only 27 goals in 1997\u201398, but increased his point total from 67 to 78 while also leading the team with 197 penalties in minutes. On November 29, 1997, Fleury scored his 315th career goal, breaking Nieuwendyk's franchise record. The same day, he was named to Team Canada for the 1998 Winter Olympics. Fleury participated in his fifth All-Star Game that season, but the Flames again missed the playoffs.", "Dallas Stars The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas, Texas. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars, based in Bloomington, Minnesota. Before the beginning of the 1978\u201379 NHL season, the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team's respective financial struggles. Ultimately, the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993\u201394 NHL season. The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001, when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center. The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas, two Presidents' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league, the Western Conference championship twice, and in 1998\u201399, the Stanley Cup. Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year. In 2000, Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2009, Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014. In 2010, brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. The Minnesota North Stars began play in 1967 as part of the league's six-team expansion. Home games were played at the newly constructed Metropolitan Sports Center (\"Met Center\") in Bloomington, Minnesota. Initially successful both on the ice and at the gate, the North Stars fell victim to financial problems after several poor seasons in the mid-1970s. In 1978, the North Stars merged with the Cleveland Barons (formerly the California Golden Seals), owned by George III and Gordon Gund.", "1995\u201396 Calgary Flames season The 1995\u201396 Calgary Flames season was the 16th National Hockey League season in Calgary. The Flames entered the season with their fifth coach in five seasons, hiring Pierre Page to replace Dave King. Page, who had previously been an assistant coach with the Flames in the 1980s, left his head coaching position with the Quebec Nordiques to move west. The Flames began the season with a disastrous start, posting a 4\u201315\u20135 record through the end of November. The team's poor start was exacerbated by the holdout of Joe Nieuwendyk, who was unable to reach a contract agreement with the Flames. Also, the Flames began the season on a long, seven game road trip while renovations to the Olympic Saddledome were completed. The Flames reached a low point on October 27, 1995, when they set a franchise record for futility, recording just eight shots in a 3\u20130 loss to the Detroit Red Wings on home ice. The Nieuwendyk saga finally came to a close when the Flames dealt him to the Dallas Stars for Corey Millen, and Western Hockey League star Jarome Iginla on December 19. Nieuwendyk immediately ended his holdout, signing a five-year, $11 million contract with Dallas. The Flames began to turn the season around, led by Gary Roberts' comeback from neck injuries that had kept him out most of the 1994\u201395 season. Roberts' comeback lasted only 35 games before he was again sidelined with bone spurs and nerve damage in his neck. Roberts would score an incredible 22 goals and 42 points during that time, earning him the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for perseverance and dedication to hockey. The Flames recovered from their woeful start to finish second in the Pacific Division, and as the sixth seed in the Western Conference."], "answer": {"text": "They signed both Nieuwendyk", "answer_start": 1557}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "answer": {"text": "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in toronto?", "answer": {"text": "The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he perform that year?", "answer": {"text": "He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played,", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his team win?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5902966db9514d78949d13a285345f8e_0_q#5", "question": "Who did?", "rewrite": "Who signed both Nieuwendyk in Florida?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002. He scored 11 points in 14 regular season games for the Devils following the trade, but New Jersey was eliminated in the first round of the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs by the Carolina Hurricanes. Nieuwendyk reached two offensive milestones in 2002-03. He scored his 500th career goal on January 17, 2003, against Carolina's Kevin Weekes. On February 23, he scored his 1,000th point in a win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. He and the Devils reached the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, but Nieuwendyk suffered a hip injury in the sixth game of the Eastern Conference Final that prevented him from appearing in the championship series. The Devils defeated the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the final, capturing the franchise's third Stanley Cup. For Nieuwendyk, it was his third title with his third different team. The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season. He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played, and a groin injury that forced him out of the lineup for much of Toronto's second-round series loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. He signed another one-year deal for 2004-05, but the season was cancelled due to a labour dispute that was feared would mark the end of the 38-year-old Nieuwendyk's career. When NHL play resumed in 2005-06, the Florida Panthers sought to bolster their lineup with veteran players. They signed both Nieuwendyk and Roberts, who had played together in Calgary and Toronto and wanted to finish their careers together, to two-year, $4.5 million contracts.", "The Stars immediately signed Nieuwendyk to a new deal worth US$11.3 million over five years. Bob Gainey, the team's general manager, hoped that the acquisition of Nieuwendyk would help the franchise, which had relocated from Minnesota three years previous, establish its place in Dallas. Nieuwendyk scored 14 goals and 32 points in 52 games with the Stars to finish the 1995-96 season. Nieuwendyk improved to 30 goals in 1996-97 despite missing the first month of the season with fractured rib cartilage. A 39-goal season followed, but he was again sidelined by injury after appearing in only one game of the 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs. In the opening game of the Stars' first-round series against the San Jose Sharks, he suffered a torn ACL as a result of a check by Bryan Marchment. The injury required two knee surgeries to repair and six months to heal, which caused him to miss the beginning of the 1998-99 NHL season. He finished the regular season with 28 goals and 55 points in 67 games, and added 11 goals and 10 assists in the 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs to help the Stars win the first Stanley Cup in their franchise history. Six of his playoff goals were game winners, and he was voted the winner of the Conn Smythe Trophy as most valuable player of the playoffs. Injuries again limited Nieuwendyk in 1999-2000. He missed ten games due to a bruised chest then suffered a separated shoulder a week after his return that kept him out of the lineup for several weeks. He played only 47 regular season games, but added 23 more in the playoffs as the Stars reached the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals. They lost the series in six games to the New Jersey Devils, however.", "1995\u201396 Calgary Flames season The 1995\u201396 Calgary Flames season was the 16th National Hockey League season in Calgary. The Flames entered the season with their fifth coach in five seasons, hiring Pierre Page to replace Dave King. Page, who had previously been an assistant coach with the Flames in the 1980s, left his head coaching position with the Quebec Nordiques to move west. The Flames began the season with a disastrous start, posting a 4\u201315\u20135 record through the end of November. The team's poor start was exacerbated by the holdout of Joe Nieuwendyk, who was unable to reach a contract agreement with the Flames. Also, the Flames began the season on a long, seven game road trip while renovations to the Olympic Saddledome were completed. The Flames reached a low point on October 27, 1995, when they set a franchise record for futility, recording just eight shots in a 3\u20130 loss to the Detroit Red Wings on home ice. The Nieuwendyk saga finally came to a close when the Flames dealt him to the Dallas Stars for Corey Millen, and Western Hockey League star Jarome Iginla on December 19. Nieuwendyk immediately ended his holdout, signing a five-year, $11 million contract with Dallas. The Flames began to turn the season around, led by Gary Roberts' comeback from neck injuries that had kept him out most of the 1994\u201395 season. Roberts' comeback lasted only 35 games before he was again sidelined with bone spurs and nerve damage in his neck. Roberts would score an incredible 22 goals and 42 points during that time, earning him the Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy for perseverance and dedication to hockey. The Flames recovered from their woeful start to finish second in the Pacific Division, and as the sixth seed in the Western Conference.", "Although he felt like somebody was \"stabbing a knife in [his] gut every five minutes\", Fleury had played every game for the Flames when he revealed in December 1995 that he had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease and doctors had finally found the correct medication to control it. Despite the ailment, Fleury led the team in goals, assists and points, and played in his third All-Star Game, serving as Calgary's only representative. When Joe Nieuwendyk refused to report to the Flames prior to the 1995 season, they named Fleury interim captain. The title was made permanent when Nieuwendyk was traded in December. Fleury was reluctant to assume the captaincy, but did so out of loyalty to the team and because there was nobody else capable of taking on the role. He relinquished it two seasons later after deciding that it was harming his play and affecting his relationship with his teammates and coach Pierre Pag\u00e9. The Flames struggled in 1996\u201397, finishing last in the Pacific Division and missing the playoffs for only the second time since their arrival in Calgary in 1980. Fleury again led the team in scoring, but his 29 goals were the fewest he had scored in a full season in the NHL. He was the Flames' lone representative at the 1997 All-Star Game. He scored only 27 goals in 1997\u201398, but increased his point total from 67 to 78 while also leading the team with 197 penalties in minutes. On November 29, 1997, Fleury scored his 315th career goal, breaking Nieuwendyk's franchise record. The same day, he was named to Team Canada for the 1998 Winter Olympics. Fleury participated in his fifth All-Star Game that season, but the Flames again missed the playoffs.", "Mike Vernon was the winning goaltender in the Campbell Conference's 9\u20135 victory, while forwards Joe Mullen and Joe Nieuwendyk, and defenceman Gary Suter also played in the Game. Co-captain Lanny McDonald, a veteran of 16 NHL seasons, reached two of the league's most important milestones late in the season. He scored a goal against Bob Essensa of the Winnipeg Jets on March 7 to score the 1,000th point of his NHL career. Two weeks later, on March 21, McDonald scored his 500th goal against Mark Fitzpatrick in a 4\u20131 victory over the New York Islanders in Calgary. On the same night that McDonald scored his 500th, Joe Nieuwendyk scored his 50th goal of the season, becoming the third player in NHL history after Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky to reach the 50-goal mark in his first two seasons. Nieuwendyk scored his 100th career goal in just his 144th game. He reached the milestone in the third fewest games in league history, behind Mike Bossy (129 games) and Maurice Richard (134 games). Joe Mullen also topped 50 goals for the Flames. He finished seventh in league scoring with 110 points, and broke Jimmy Carson's NHL record for most points in a season by an American-born player. The Flames made NHL history when they successfully completed a deal with the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation that allowed 25-year-old forward Sergei Pryakhin to become the first Soviet player permitted by his native federation to play in the NHL. Pryakhin made his debut on March 31 in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. The Flames finished the season with 54 wins, a franchise record, and became the fifth team in NHL history to win 50 games in a season after the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers."], "answer": {"text": "the Florida Panthers", "answer_start": 1483}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "answer": {"text": "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in toronto?", "answer": {"text": "The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he perform that year?", "answer": {"text": "He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played,", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his team win?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in florida?", "answer": {"text": "They signed both Nieuwendyk", "answer_start": 1557, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5902966db9514d78949d13a285345f8e_0_q#6", "question": "For how long?", "rewrite": "For how long did the Florida Panthers sign Joe Nieuwendyk?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["raised to the Scotiabank Saddledome rafters. Joe Nieuwendyk was treated likewise on March 7, 2014, promoted as \"Forever 25\" for both the number on Nieuwendyk's jersey and the 25th anniversary of the 1989 title. Several members of the Flames organization have been honoured by the Hockey Hall of Fame during the team's history in Calgary. Nine former Flames have been elected to the Hall of Fame, four of whom earned their credentials primarily in Calgary. Lanny McDonald was the first Flame player inducted, gaining election in 1992. McDonald recorded 215 goals in 492 games over seven-and-a-half seasons for the Flames, including a team record 66 goals in 1982\u201383. He was joined in 2000 by a fellow member of the 1989 Stanley Cup championship team, Joe Mullen. Mullen spent five seasons with the Flames, recording 388 points and capturing two Lady Byng Trophies. Grant Fuhr, elected in 2003, became the third former Flames player to enter the Hall. Fuhr played only one season in Calgary; however, he recorded his 400th career win in a Flames uniform, a victory over the Florida Panthers on October 22, 1999. In 2007, Al MacInnis became the fourth former Flame inducted into the Hall, and the third to earn his Hall of Fame credentials primarily as a Flame. MacInnis was a member of the Flames from 1981 until 1994. He is best remembered for his booming slapshot, as well as for winning the Conn Smythe Trophy in 1989 as playoff MVP. On November 9, 2009, Brett Hull became the fifth player in Calgary Flames history to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Hull was drafted 117th in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft by the Flames, and began his NHL career playing two seasons (1986\u20131988) with Calgary.", "Coates has spent more than 30 years in pro hockey and has been part of two Stanley Cup-winning teams (2007 with the Anaheim Ducks and 1989 with the Calgary Flames). The move perpetuated speculation that Anaheim general manager Brian Burke would become the Maple Leafs' GM once his deal with the Ducks expired in 2009. The fact that new head coach Ron Wilson played hockey with Burke at the Providence College sparked further rumors about Burke potentially joining the club. Former NHL star Joe Nieuwendyk was named as general manager Cliff Fletcher's special assistant on July 8. While playing for the Florida Panthers, Nieuwendyk gained experience as a special consultant to GM Jacques Martin. Throughout the off-season, the Maple Leafs have been involved in numerous transactions. On June 24, the Toronto Maple Leafs put goaltender Andrew Raycroft and forward Kyle Wellwood on waivers. Moreover, interim GM Cliff Fletcher informed Darcy Tucker that he is to be bought out of his three-year contract; however, this decision was not made official until June 25. The Maple Leafs bought out goaltender Andrew Raycroft on June 28, making him eligible for free agency on July 1. When the free agent signing period began on July 1, Toronto signed defenceman Jeff Finger, goaltender Curtis Joseph and former Dallas Stars forward Niklas Hagman. Another transaction was made on July 3 when Toronto traded for former Montreal Canadiens forward Mikhail Grabovski in exchange for the rights to Greg Pateryn and a second-round draft pick in 2010. The Leafs also re-signed forwards Dominic Moore, John Mitchell and Greg Scott. On July 14, the Maple Leafs acquired forward Ryan Hollweg in a trade with the New York Rangers for a fifth-round draft pick in 2009. With a young roster, the Maple Leafs were expected to have a lacklustre season.", "Mike Vernon was the winning goaltender in the Campbell Conference's 9\u20135 victory, while forwards Joe Mullen and Joe Nieuwendyk, and defenceman Gary Suter also played in the Game. Co-captain Lanny McDonald, a veteran of 16 NHL seasons, reached two of the league's most important milestones late in the season. He scored a goal against Bob Essensa of the Winnipeg Jets on March 7 to score the 1,000th point of his NHL career. Two weeks later, on March 21, McDonald scored his 500th goal against Mark Fitzpatrick in a 4\u20131 victory over the New York Islanders in Calgary. On the same night that McDonald scored his 500th, Joe Nieuwendyk scored his 50th goal of the season, becoming the third player in NHL history after Mike Bossy and Wayne Gretzky to reach the 50-goal mark in his first two seasons. Nieuwendyk scored his 100th career goal in just his 144th game. He reached the milestone in the third fewest games in league history, behind Mike Bossy (129 games) and Maurice Richard (134 games). Joe Mullen also topped 50 goals for the Flames. He finished seventh in league scoring with 110 points, and broke Jimmy Carson's NHL record for most points in a season by an American-born player. The Flames made NHL history when they successfully completed a deal with the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation that allowed 25-year-old forward Sergei Pryakhin to become the first Soviet player permitted by his native federation to play in the NHL. Pryakhin made his debut on March 31 in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. The Flames finished the season with 54 wins, a franchise record, and became the fifth team in NHL history to win 50 games in a season after the Montreal Canadiens, Boston Bruins, Philadelphia Flyers and Edmonton Oilers.", "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002. He scored 11 points in 14 regular season games for the Devils following the trade, but New Jersey was eliminated in the first round of the 2002 Stanley Cup playoffs by the Carolina Hurricanes. Nieuwendyk reached two offensive milestones in 2002-03. He scored his 500th career goal on January 17, 2003, against Carolina's Kevin Weekes. On February 23, he scored his 1,000th point in a win over the Pittsburgh Penguins. He and the Devils reached the 2003 Stanley Cup Finals, but Nieuwendyk suffered a hip injury in the sixth game of the Eastern Conference Final that prevented him from appearing in the championship series. The Devils defeated the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in the final, capturing the franchise's third Stanley Cup. For Nieuwendyk, it was his third title with his third different team. The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season. He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played, and a groin injury that forced him out of the lineup for much of Toronto's second-round series loss to the Philadelphia Flyers. He signed another one-year deal for 2004-05, but the season was cancelled due to a labour dispute that was feared would mark the end of the 38-year-old Nieuwendyk's career. When NHL play resumed in 2005-06, the Florida Panthers sought to bolster their lineup with veteran players. They signed both Nieuwendyk and Roberts, who had played together in Calgary and Toronto and wanted to finish their careers together, to two-year, $4.5 million contracts.", "2005\u201306 Florida Panthers season The 2005\u201306 Florida Panthers season was their 13th season in the National Hockey League. The Panthers were shut out a league-high 8 times and had the fewest power-play opportunities of all 30 teams, with 411. The Panthers failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fifth consecutive season. They last made the playoffs in 2000. As of February 1 of 2006 No. Player 33 Jamie Allison 4 Jay Bouwmeester 33 Eric Cairns 44 Gregory Campbell 23 Martin Gelinas 51 Rob Globke 77 Chris Gratton 14 Niklas Hagman 22-55 Sean Hill 16 Nathan Horton 22 Kristian Huselius 40 Greg Jacina 55 Ric Jackman 12 Olli Jokinen (C) 7 Alexander Karpovtsev 13 Juraj Kolnik 2 Lukas Krajicek 20 Joel Kwiatkowski 1 Roberto Luongo 29 Jamie McLennan 5 Branislav Mezei 7 Steve Montador 25 Joe Nieuwendyk 85 Rostislav Olesz 43 Serge Payer 10 Gary Roberts 21 Alexei Semenov 11 Jon Sim 57 Anthony Stewart 15 Jozef Stumpel 37 Petr Taticek 26 Mike Van Ryn 9 Stephen Weiss 42 Mikhail Yakubov Florida's draft picks at the 2005 NHL Entry Draft held at the Westin Hotel in Ottawa, Ontario."], "answer": {"text": "After missing 14 games, Nieuwendyk announced his retirement on December 7, 2006.", "answer_start": 176}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Joe Nieuwendyk in new jersey?", "answer": {"text": "New Jersey, who had won the Stanley Cup in 2000 and reached the finals the following year, acquired Nieuwendyk for their playoff run in 2002.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in toronto?", "answer": {"text": "The Toronto Maple Leafs signed Nieuwendyk to a one-year contract for the 2003-04 season.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he perform that year?", "answer": {"text": "He scored 22 goals for Toronto in a season marred by abdominal and back injuries that limited him to 64 games played,", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his team win?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in florida?", "answer": {"text": "They signed both Nieuwendyk", "answer_start": 1557, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did?", "answer": {"text": "the Florida Panthers", "answer_start": 1483, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bff004ab554d4613afdd30f1f64fd3fe_0_q#0", "question": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "rewrite": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Mercer, who, as the only survivor of the trio, was living in Southern Rhodesia, evidently resented some of Usborne's remarks, as he wrote to Usborne (through solicitors) that \"never has the whip been so laid to my back\". \"Clubland Heroes\" brought Usborne to the attention of P. G. Wodehouse, who suggested Usbourne write an account of his life and work, in time for his 80th birthday in 1961. The result was \"Wodehouse at Work\" (1961) which began the long association between the two. Wodehouse once referred to \"a certain learned Usborne\" in a conversation with journalist and broadcaster Alistair Cooke. Wodehouse cooperated with Usborne in the latter's preparation of \"Wodehouse at Work\", although he destroyed a draft chapter on his controversial wartime activities, of which Usborne had not retained a copy, and this never appeared. Their contact was almost entirely by correspondence and they met only once, when Usborne visited Wodehouse and his wife Ethel at their home on Long Island, New York, in 1971 (the year that Wodehouse reached the age of ninety). During the 1980s Usborne adapted some of Wodehouse's Blandings Castle stories for broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Usborne's various published works about Wodehouse included: In 1973, Usborne contributed to \"Homage to P. G. Wodehouse\", a tribute edited by Thelma Cazalet-Keir (1899\u20131989), a former Conservative Member of Parliament, who was sister-in-law of Wodehouse's late stepdaughter Leonora.", "In view of the circumstances under which \"Joy in the Morning\" was written, Robert McCrum, in his biography of Wodehouse, states regarding the novel: \"A more brilliant example of Wodehouse's literary escapism is hard to find\". In the 2013 television film \"Wodehouse in Exile\", which depicts this period of P. G. Wodehouse's life, Wodehouse is shown working on the novel in some scenes. Wodehouse discussed ideas used for the character of Stilton Cheesewright in a letter he wrote to his friend William \"Bill\" Townend. In the letter, dated 6 April 1940, Wodehouse asked Townend if it were possible for a young peer to become a country policeman with the idea that he could later get into Scotland Yard. Wodehouse stated that the character \"has got to be a policeman, because Bertie pinches his uniform in order to go to a fancy dress dance, at which it is vital for him to be present as he has no other costume\". \"Joy in the Morning\" was written with elements of England from the early twentieth century, as with the other Jeeves stories, despite being published in 1946. In a letter to Townend, dated 7 March 1946, Wodehouse wondered how this aspect of the novel would be received, but noted optimistically that \"my stuff has been out of date since 1914, and nobody has seemed to mind\". Wodehouse discussed the same subject in a letter written on 10 April 1946 to writer Compton Mackenzie. In that letter, Wodehouse wrote that his newest novels, including \"Joy in the Morning\", were \"definitely historical novels now, as they all deal with a life in which country houses flourish and butlers flit to and fro.", "John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley (12 May 1924 \u2013 26 May 2002), styled Lord Wodehouse between 1932 and 1941, was an active British peer, and also a bobsled racer and Cresta member. Wodehouse was the son of John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley and Frances Margaret Irby, and succeeded in the earldom in 1941 after his father was killed in an air raid. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge, and served in the Grenadier Guards Armoured Division in 1943\u201345. He was a distant kinsman of author P.G. Wodehouse (they were third cousins thrice removed). He had the reputation of being Britain's most married peer, having married Diana Legh, daughter of Sir Piers Legh, in 1945 as the first of six wives. They divorced in 1948, and he married Australian Carmel Dunnett (n\u00e9e Maguire) in 1949. They had a son, John Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley, but divorced in 1952. He tried again in 1953 with Cynthia Abdy Westendarp, but they too were divorced in 1961; together they had a son, Henry, who served in the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Then he married model Margaret Simons in 1961 but they were also divorced in 1965. Wodehouse then wed Gillian Ireland-Smith in 1970, but they split up so he could marry Jane, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Consett, DSO, MC, Grenadier Guards, on 20 August 1982. This marriage lasted for the remainder of his life and gave him much happiness. Wodehouse was the godson of the writer P. G. Wodehouse, a distant cousin, both being descended from Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet.", "Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet (c. 1714 \u2013 21 May 1777), was a British Tory Member of Parliament. Wodehouse was the son of Sir John Wodehouse, 4th Baronet, and Mary Fermor. His unusual first name reflects his connection with the Airmine Baronets through his grandmother Anne Airmine. He was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk in 1737, a seat he held until 1768. In 1754 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to the family seat of Kimberley Hall in Norfolk. Wodehouse married Letitia Bacon, daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon, 6th Baronet, in 1738. He died in 1777 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John, who was created Baron Wodehouse in 1797 and who was the great-grandfather of statesman John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley. Wodehouse's second son Reverend Philip Wodehouse (1745-1811) was the great-grandfather of the author P. G. Wodehouse while his third son Thomas Wodehouse was the grandfather of the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse.", "In addition to adaptations of the Aldwych plays she appeared in more than a dozen other British films through the 1930s, including \"On Approval\" with Walls, Hare, Brough and her Aldwych predecessor, Yvonne Arnaud, and \"Summer Lightning\", an adaptation of P G Wodehouse's novel of the same name, co-starring with Lynn. In the West End, Shotter starred in a series of plays, including Wodehouse's \"Good Morning, Bill\", with Lawrence Grossmith, in a 1934 revival. \" Chase the Ace\" (1935) was a departure for her: it was not a comedy but a thriller. The role was poorly written, and she returned to comedy in plays including \"High Temperature\" at the Duke of York's Theatre, in which, according to Ivor Brown in \"The Observer\", \"Miss Winifred Shotter has mainly to be under-clad and over-worried, which she does very prettily.\" During the Second World War Shotter joined ENSA, entertaining the troops in India and Europe. When BBC television transmissions resumed in 1946 she was appointed as one of three announcers, together with Jasmine Bligh and McDonald Hobley. After her divorce from her first husband in 1951, Shotter remarried the following year. Her second husband was the actor Gilbert Davis (1899\u20131983), whom she had first met in Hollywood. After this she wound her career down. She made her last film in 1955, playing Mrs Swayne in \"John and Julie\". Her later West End appearances included the role of Barbara Fane in a 1954 revival of Ian Hay's 1936 comedy, \"Housemaster\", with Jack Hulbert. \" The Manchester Guardian\" observed that Shotter \"gives the final touch of pre-war mood to the comedy\"."], "answer": {"text": "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bff004ab554d4613afdd30f1f64fd3fe_0_q#1", "question": "What else did he do film wise", "rewrite": "Besides A Gentleman of Leisure, what else did P. G. Wodehouse do film wise?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley (12 May 1924 \u2013 26 May 2002), styled Lord Wodehouse between 1932 and 1941, was an active British peer, and also a bobsled racer and Cresta member. Wodehouse was the son of John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley and Frances Margaret Irby, and succeeded in the earldom in 1941 after his father was killed in an air raid. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge, and served in the Grenadier Guards Armoured Division in 1943\u201345. He was a distant kinsman of author P.G. Wodehouse (they were third cousins thrice removed). He had the reputation of being Britain's most married peer, having married Diana Legh, daughter of Sir Piers Legh, in 1945 as the first of six wives. They divorced in 1948, and he married Australian Carmel Dunnett (n\u00e9e Maguire) in 1949. They had a son, John Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley, but divorced in 1952. He tried again in 1953 with Cynthia Abdy Westendarp, but they too were divorced in 1961; together they had a son, Henry, who served in the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Then he married model Margaret Simons in 1961 but they were also divorced in 1965. Wodehouse then wed Gillian Ireland-Smith in 1970, but they split up so he could marry Jane, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Consett, DSO, MC, Grenadier Guards, on 20 August 1982. This marriage lasted for the remainder of his life and gave him much happiness. Wodehouse was the godson of the writer P. G. Wodehouse, a distant cousin, both being descended from Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet.", "For example, the later version has new features more appropriate for, but not included in, the original version, e.g., Jimmy's habitual carrying of a flashlight suitable for burglary and detailed knowledge of white jargoon. It also contains some apparent self-criticism of its own implausibilities, e.g., \"a series of the most workmanlike miracles\". These implausibilities, e.g., impostors as guests at a castle, mistaken identities which could be easily explained but are not, and unlikely encounters with old acquaintances, become common in Wodehouse's later works set in English castes, most notably Blandings Castle. In 1911, Wodehouse and playwright John Stapleton collaborated in adapting \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" as a stage play. Starring Douglas Fairbanks and Ruth Shepley as Jimmy and Molly, the play opened on 24 August 1911 at New York's Playhouse Theatre. The play was revived at McVicker's Theatre in Chicago on 30 March 1913 under the title \"A Thief for a Night\" with John Barrymore and Alice Brady in the lead roles. When the UK edition of \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" was reissued in March 1921, Wodehouse replaced an earlier dedication with one to Douglas Fairbanks \"who many years ago played 'Jimmy' in the dramatised version of this novel\". In 1915, the stage version of \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" became the first of Wodehouse's works to be made into a silent film. It starred Wallace Eddinger as Jimmy and Carol Holloway as Molly. Cecil B. DeMille was credited as the third scriptwriter, behind Stapleton and Wodehouse. In 1923, the film was remade as \"A Gentleman of Leisure\", directed by Joseph Henabery.", "P. G. Wodehouse bibliography Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, (; 1881\u20131975) was an English author, humorist and scriptwriter. After being educated at Dulwich College, to which he remained devoted all his life, he was employed by a bank, but disliked the work and wrote magazine pieces in his spare time. In 1902 he published his first novel, \"The Pothunters\", set at the fictional public school of St. Austin's; his early stories continued the school theme. He also used the school setting in his short story collections, which started in 1903 with the publication of \"Tales of St. Austin's\". Throughout his novel- and story-writing career Wodehouse created several regular comic characters with whom the public became familiar. These include Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves; the immaculate and loquacious Psmith; Lord Emsworth and the Blandings Castle set; the disaster-prone opportunist Ukridge; the Oldest Member, with stories about golf; and Mr Mulliner, with tales on numerous subjects from film studios to the Church of England. Wodehouse also wrote scripts and screenplays and, in August 1911, his script \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" was produced on the Broadway stage. In the 1920s and 1930s he collaborated with Jerome Kern and Guy Bolton in an arrangement that \"helped transform the American musical\" of the time; in the \"Grove Dictionary of American Music\" Larry Stempel writes, \"By presenting naturalistic stories and characters and attempting to integrate the songs and lyrics into the action of the libretto, these works brought a new level of intimacy, cohesion, and sophistication to American musical comedy.\" His writing for plays also turned into scriptwriting, starting with the 1915 film \"A Gentleman of Leisure\".", "A Gentleman of Leisure (1923 film) A Gentleman of Leisure is a lost 1923 silent film produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Joseph Henabery and stars Jack Holt. The film is based on the novel \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" by P. G. Wodehouse. It was adapted into a play by Wodehouse and John Stapleton. It is also remake of the 1915 film \"A Gentleman of Leisure\".", "A Gentleman of Leisure (1915 film) A Gentleman of Leisure is a surviving 1915 American silent comedy film produced by Jesse Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It stars stage veteran Wallace Eddinger. The film is based on the novel \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" by P. G. Wodehouse and 1911 Broadway play adapted by Wodehouse and John Stapleton. A young actor named Douglas Fairbanks was a cast member in the play several years before beginning a film career. This film survives in the Library of Congress."], "answer": {"text": "Further screen adaptations of his books were made between then and 1927,", "answer_start": 128}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bff004ab554d4613afdd30f1f64fd3fe_0_q#2", "question": "Did he get any awards", "rewrite": "Did P. G. Wodehouse get any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Mercer, who, as the only survivor of the trio, was living in Southern Rhodesia, evidently resented some of Usborne's remarks, as he wrote to Usborne (through solicitors) that \"never has the whip been so laid to my back\". \"Clubland Heroes\" brought Usborne to the attention of P. G. Wodehouse, who suggested Usbourne write an account of his life and work, in time for his 80th birthday in 1961. The result was \"Wodehouse at Work\" (1961) which began the long association between the two. Wodehouse once referred to \"a certain learned Usborne\" in a conversation with journalist and broadcaster Alistair Cooke. Wodehouse cooperated with Usborne in the latter's preparation of \"Wodehouse at Work\", although he destroyed a draft chapter on his controversial wartime activities, of which Usborne had not retained a copy, and this never appeared. Their contact was almost entirely by correspondence and they met only once, when Usborne visited Wodehouse and his wife Ethel at their home on Long Island, New York, in 1971 (the year that Wodehouse reached the age of ninety). During the 1980s Usborne adapted some of Wodehouse's Blandings Castle stories for broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Usborne's various published works about Wodehouse included: In 1973, Usborne contributed to \"Homage to P. G. Wodehouse\", a tribute edited by Thelma Cazalet-Keir (1899\u20131989), a former Conservative Member of Parliament, who was sister-in-law of Wodehouse's late stepdaughter Leonora.", "John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley (12 May 1924 \u2013 26 May 2002), styled Lord Wodehouse between 1932 and 1941, was an active British peer, and also a bobsled racer and Cresta member. Wodehouse was the son of John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley and Frances Margaret Irby, and succeeded in the earldom in 1941 after his father was killed in an air raid. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge, and served in the Grenadier Guards Armoured Division in 1943\u201345. He was a distant kinsman of author P.G. Wodehouse (they were third cousins thrice removed). He had the reputation of being Britain's most married peer, having married Diana Legh, daughter of Sir Piers Legh, in 1945 as the first of six wives. They divorced in 1948, and he married Australian Carmel Dunnett (n\u00e9e Maguire) in 1949. They had a son, John Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley, but divorced in 1952. He tried again in 1953 with Cynthia Abdy Westendarp, but they too were divorced in 1961; together they had a son, Henry, who served in the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Then he married model Margaret Simons in 1961 but they were also divorced in 1965. Wodehouse then wed Gillian Ireland-Smith in 1970, but they split up so he could marry Jane, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Consett, DSO, MC, Grenadier Guards, on 20 August 1982. This marriage lasted for the remainder of his life and gave him much happiness. Wodehouse was the godson of the writer P. G. Wodehouse, a distant cousin, both being descended from Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet.", "Several other members of the Wodehouse family have also gained distinction. The author P. G. Wodehouse was the great-grandson of Reverend Philip Wodehouse, second son of the fifth Baronet. The politician Edmond Wodehouse was the son of Thomas Wodehouse, third son of the fifth Baronet. His eldest son was the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse, Governor of Bombay from 1872 to 1877. Sir Philip Wodehouse's son Edmond Wodehouse represented Bath in the House of Commons as a Unionist. The Hon. Armine Wodehouse, younger son of the first Earl, was a civil servant and Liberal politician. The family seat is Hailstone House, near Cricklade, Wiltshire. The heir apparent is the present holder's only son David Simon John Wodehouse, Lord Wodehouse (b. 1978)", "In view of the circumstances under which \"Joy in the Morning\" was written, Robert McCrum, in his biography of Wodehouse, states regarding the novel: \"A more brilliant example of Wodehouse's literary escapism is hard to find\". In the 2013 television film \"Wodehouse in Exile\", which depicts this period of P. G. Wodehouse's life, Wodehouse is shown working on the novel in some scenes. Wodehouse discussed ideas used for the character of Stilton Cheesewright in a letter he wrote to his friend William \"Bill\" Townend. In the letter, dated 6 April 1940, Wodehouse asked Townend if it were possible for a young peer to become a country policeman with the idea that he could later get into Scotland Yard. Wodehouse stated that the character \"has got to be a policeman, because Bertie pinches his uniform in order to go to a fancy dress dance, at which it is vital for him to be present as he has no other costume\". \"Joy in the Morning\" was written with elements of England from the early twentieth century, as with the other Jeeves stories, despite being published in 1946. In a letter to Townend, dated 7 March 1946, Wodehouse wondered how this aspect of the novel would be received, but noted optimistically that \"my stuff has been out of date since 1914, and nobody has seemed to mind\". Wodehouse discussed the same subject in a letter written on 10 April 1946 to writer Compton Mackenzie. In that letter, Wodehouse wrote that his newest novels, including \"Joy in the Morning\", were \"definitely historical novels now, as they all deal with a life in which country houses flourish and butlers flit to and fro.", "Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet (c. 1714 \u2013 21 May 1777), was a British Tory Member of Parliament. Wodehouse was the son of Sir John Wodehouse, 4th Baronet, and Mary Fermor. His unusual first name reflects his connection with the Airmine Baronets through his grandmother Anne Airmine. He was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk in 1737, a seat he held until 1768. In 1754 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to the family seat of Kimberley Hall in Norfolk. Wodehouse married Letitia Bacon, daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon, 6th Baronet, in 1738. He died in 1777 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John, who was created Baron Wodehouse in 1797 and who was the great-grandfather of statesman John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley. Wodehouse's second son Reverend Philip Wodehouse (1745-1811) was the great-grandfather of the author P. G. Wodehouse while his third son Thomas Wodehouse was the grandfather of the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do film wise", "answer": {"text": "Further screen adaptations of his books were made between then and 1927,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bff004ab554d4613afdd30f1f64fd3fe_0_q#3", "question": "What else was he known for?", "rewrite": "Besides the 1915 film and 1910 novel A Gentlman of Leisure, what else was P. G. Wodehouse known for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For example, the later version has new features more appropriate for, but not included in, the original version, e.g., Jimmy's habitual carrying of a flashlight suitable for burglary and detailed knowledge of white jargoon. It also contains some apparent self-criticism of its own implausibilities, e.g., \"a series of the most workmanlike miracles\". These implausibilities, e.g., impostors as guests at a castle, mistaken identities which could be easily explained but are not, and unlikely encounters with old acquaintances, become common in Wodehouse's later works set in English castes, most notably Blandings Castle. In 1911, Wodehouse and playwright John Stapleton collaborated in adapting \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" as a stage play. Starring Douglas Fairbanks and Ruth Shepley as Jimmy and Molly, the play opened on 24 August 1911 at New York's Playhouse Theatre. The play was revived at McVicker's Theatre in Chicago on 30 March 1913 under the title \"A Thief for a Night\" with John Barrymore and Alice Brady in the lead roles. When the UK edition of \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" was reissued in March 1921, Wodehouse replaced an earlier dedication with one to Douglas Fairbanks \"who many years ago played 'Jimmy' in the dramatised version of this novel\". In 1915, the stage version of \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" became the first of Wodehouse's works to be made into a silent film. It starred Wallace Eddinger as Jimmy and Carol Holloway as Molly. Cecil B. DeMille was credited as the third scriptwriter, behind Stapleton and Wodehouse. In 1923, the film was remade as \"A Gentleman of Leisure\", directed by Joseph Henabery.", "A Gentleman of Leisure (1923 film) A Gentleman of Leisure is a lost 1923 silent film produced by Famous Players-Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It was directed by Joseph Henabery and stars Jack Holt. The film is based on the novel \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" by P. G. Wodehouse. It was adapted into a play by Wodehouse and John Stapleton. It is also remake of the 1915 film \"A Gentleman of Leisure\".", "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name. Further screen adaptations of his books were made between then and 1927, but it was not until 1929 that Wodehouse went to Hollywood where Bolton was working as a highly paid writer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Ethel was taken with both the financial and social aspects of Hollywood life, and she negotiated a contract with MGM on her husband's behalf under which he would be paid $2,000 a week. This large salary was particularly welcome because the couple had lost considerable sums in the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The contract started in May 1930, but the studio found little for Wodehouse to do, and he had spare time to write a novel and nine short stories. He commented, \"It's odd how soon one comes to look on every minute as wasted that is given to earning one's salary.\" Even when the studio found a project for him to work on, the interventions of committees and constant rewriting by numerous contract authors meant that his ideas were rarely used. In a 2005 study of Wodehouse in Hollywood, Brian Taves writes that Those Three French Girls (1930) was \"as close to a success as Wodehouse was to have at MGM. His only other credits were minimal, and the other projects he worked on were not produced.\" Wodehouse's contract ended after a year and was not renewed. At MGM's request, he gave an interview to The Los Angeles Times. Wodehouse was described by Herbert Warren Wind as \"politically naive [and] fundamentally unworldly,\" and he caused a sensation by saying publicly what he had already told his friends privately about Hollywood's inefficiency, arbitrary decision-making, and waste of expensive talent.", "A Gentleman of Leisure (1915 film) A Gentleman of Leisure is a surviving 1915 American silent comedy film produced by Jesse Lasky and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It stars stage veteran Wallace Eddinger. The film is based on the novel \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" by P. G. Wodehouse and 1911 Broadway play adapted by Wodehouse and John Stapleton. A young actor named Douglas Fairbanks was a cast member in the play several years before beginning a film career. This film survives in the Library of Congress.", "P. G. Wodehouse bibliography Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, (; 1881\u20131975) was an English author, humorist and scriptwriter. After being educated at Dulwich College, to which he remained devoted all his life, he was employed by a bank, but disliked the work and wrote magazine pieces in his spare time. In 1902 he published his first novel, \"The Pothunters\", set at the fictional public school of St. Austin's; his early stories continued the school theme. He also used the school setting in his short story collections, which started in 1903 with the publication of \"Tales of St. Austin's\". Throughout his novel- and story-writing career Wodehouse created several regular comic characters with whom the public became familiar. These include Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves; the immaculate and loquacious Psmith; Lord Emsworth and the Blandings Castle set; the disaster-prone opportunist Ukridge; the Oldest Member, with stories about golf; and Mr Mulliner, with tales on numerous subjects from film studios to the Church of England. Wodehouse also wrote scripts and screenplays and, in August 1911, his script \"A Gentleman of Leisure\" was produced on the Broadway stage. In the 1920s and 1930s he collaborated with Jerome Kern and Guy Bolton in an arrangement that \"helped transform the American musical\" of the time; in the \"Grove Dictionary of American Music\" Larry Stempel writes, \"By presenting naturalistic stories and characters and attempting to integrate the songs and lyrics into the action of the libretto, these works brought a new level of intimacy, cohesion, and sophistication to American musical comedy.\" His writing for plays also turned into scriptwriting, starting with the 1915 film \"A Gentleman of Leisure\"."], "answer": {"text": "He was unsparing of the studio owners in his early-1930s short stories set in Hollywood, which contain what Taves considers Wodehouse's sharpest and most biting satire.", "answer_start": 583}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do film wise", "answer": {"text": "Further screen adaptations of his books were made between then and 1927,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any awards", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bff004ab554d4613afdd30f1f64fd3fe_0_q#4", "question": "What happen in 1929", "rewrite": "What happened to P. G. Wodehouse in 1929?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Several other members of the Wodehouse family have also gained distinction. The author P. G. Wodehouse was the great-grandson of Reverend Philip Wodehouse, second son of the fifth Baronet. The politician Edmond Wodehouse was the son of Thomas Wodehouse, third son of the fifth Baronet. His eldest son was the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse, Governor of Bombay from 1872 to 1877. Sir Philip Wodehouse's son Edmond Wodehouse represented Bath in the House of Commons as a Unionist. The Hon. Armine Wodehouse, younger son of the first Earl, was a civil servant and Liberal politician. The family seat is Hailstone House, near Cricklade, Wiltshire. The heir apparent is the present holder's only son David Simon John Wodehouse, Lord Wodehouse (b. 1978)", "William Mercer, who, as the only survivor of the trio, was living in Southern Rhodesia, evidently resented some of Usborne's remarks, as he wrote to Usborne (through solicitors) that \"never has the whip been so laid to my back\". \"Clubland Heroes\" brought Usborne to the attention of P. G. Wodehouse, who suggested Usbourne write an account of his life and work, in time for his 80th birthday in 1961. The result was \"Wodehouse at Work\" (1961) which began the long association between the two. Wodehouse once referred to \"a certain learned Usborne\" in a conversation with journalist and broadcaster Alistair Cooke. Wodehouse cooperated with Usborne in the latter's preparation of \"Wodehouse at Work\", although he destroyed a draft chapter on his controversial wartime activities, of which Usborne had not retained a copy, and this never appeared. Their contact was almost entirely by correspondence and they met only once, when Usborne visited Wodehouse and his wife Ethel at their home on Long Island, New York, in 1971 (the year that Wodehouse reached the age of ninety). During the 1980s Usborne adapted some of Wodehouse's Blandings Castle stories for broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Usborne's various published works about Wodehouse included: In 1973, Usborne contributed to \"Homage to P. G. Wodehouse\", a tribute edited by Thelma Cazalet-Keir (1899\u20131989), a former Conservative Member of Parliament, who was sister-in-law of Wodehouse's late stepdaughter Leonora.", "In view of the circumstances under which \"Joy in the Morning\" was written, Robert McCrum, in his biography of Wodehouse, states regarding the novel: \"A more brilliant example of Wodehouse's literary escapism is hard to find\". In the 2013 television film \"Wodehouse in Exile\", which depicts this period of P. G. Wodehouse's life, Wodehouse is shown working on the novel in some scenes. Wodehouse discussed ideas used for the character of Stilton Cheesewright in a letter he wrote to his friend William \"Bill\" Townend. In the letter, dated 6 April 1940, Wodehouse asked Townend if it were possible for a young peer to become a country policeman with the idea that he could later get into Scotland Yard. Wodehouse stated that the character \"has got to be a policeman, because Bertie pinches his uniform in order to go to a fancy dress dance, at which it is vital for him to be present as he has no other costume\". \"Joy in the Morning\" was written with elements of England from the early twentieth century, as with the other Jeeves stories, despite being published in 1946. In a letter to Townend, dated 7 March 1946, Wodehouse wondered how this aspect of the novel would be received, but noted optimistically that \"my stuff has been out of date since 1914, and nobody has seemed to mind\". Wodehouse discussed the same subject in a letter written on 10 April 1946 to writer Compton Mackenzie. In that letter, Wodehouse wrote that his newest novels, including \"Joy in the Morning\", were \"definitely historical novels now, as they all deal with a life in which country houses flourish and butlers flit to and fro.", "John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley (12 May 1924 \u2013 26 May 2002), styled Lord Wodehouse between 1932 and 1941, was an active British peer, and also a bobsled racer and Cresta member. Wodehouse was the son of John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley and Frances Margaret Irby, and succeeded in the earldom in 1941 after his father was killed in an air raid. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge, and served in the Grenadier Guards Armoured Division in 1943\u201345. He was a distant kinsman of author P.G. Wodehouse (they were third cousins thrice removed). He had the reputation of being Britain's most married peer, having married Diana Legh, daughter of Sir Piers Legh, in 1945 as the first of six wives. They divorced in 1948, and he married Australian Carmel Dunnett (n\u00e9e Maguire) in 1949. They had a son, John Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley, but divorced in 1952. He tried again in 1953 with Cynthia Abdy Westendarp, but they too were divorced in 1961; together they had a son, Henry, who served in the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Then he married model Margaret Simons in 1961 but they were also divorced in 1965. Wodehouse then wed Gillian Ireland-Smith in 1970, but they split up so he could marry Jane, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Consett, DSO, MC, Grenadier Guards, on 20 August 1982. This marriage lasted for the remainder of his life and gave him much happiness. Wodehouse was the godson of the writer P. G. Wodehouse, a distant cousin, both being descended from Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet.", "Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet (c. 1714 \u2013 21 May 1777), was a British Tory Member of Parliament. Wodehouse was the son of Sir John Wodehouse, 4th Baronet, and Mary Fermor. His unusual first name reflects his connection with the Airmine Baronets through his grandmother Anne Airmine. He was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk in 1737, a seat he held until 1768. In 1754 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to the family seat of Kimberley Hall in Norfolk. Wodehouse married Letitia Bacon, daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon, 6th Baronet, in 1738. He died in 1777 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John, who was created Baron Wodehouse in 1797 and who was the great-grandfather of statesman John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley. Wodehouse's second son Reverend Philip Wodehouse (1745-1811) was the great-grandfather of the author P. G. Wodehouse while his third son Thomas Wodehouse was the grandfather of the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse."], "answer": {"text": "but it was not until 1929 that Wodehouse went to Hollywood where Bolton was working as a highly paid writer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).", "answer_start": 201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do film wise", "answer": {"text": "Further screen adaptations of his books were made between then and 1927,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any awards", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he known for?", "answer": {"text": "He was unsparing of the studio owners in his early-1930s short stories set in Hollywood, which contain what Taves considers Wodehouse's sharpest and most biting satire.", "answer_start": 583, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_bff004ab554d4613afdd30f1f64fd3fe_0_q#5", "question": "What happen in 1930", "rewrite": "What happened to P. G. Wodehouse in 1930?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet (c. 1714 \u2013 21 May 1777), was a British Tory Member of Parliament. Wodehouse was the son of Sir John Wodehouse, 4th Baronet, and Mary Fermor. His unusual first name reflects his connection with the Airmine Baronets through his grandmother Anne Airmine. He was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk in 1737, a seat he held until 1768. In 1754 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to the family seat of Kimberley Hall in Norfolk. Wodehouse married Letitia Bacon, daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon, 6th Baronet, in 1738. He died in 1777 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John, who was created Baron Wodehouse in 1797 and who was the great-grandfather of statesman John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley. Wodehouse's second son Reverend Philip Wodehouse (1745-1811) was the great-grandfather of the author P. G. Wodehouse while his third son Thomas Wodehouse was the grandfather of the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse.", "William Mercer, who, as the only survivor of the trio, was living in Southern Rhodesia, evidently resented some of Usborne's remarks, as he wrote to Usborne (through solicitors) that \"never has the whip been so laid to my back\". \"Clubland Heroes\" brought Usborne to the attention of P. G. Wodehouse, who suggested Usbourne write an account of his life and work, in time for his 80th birthday in 1961. The result was \"Wodehouse at Work\" (1961) which began the long association between the two. Wodehouse once referred to \"a certain learned Usborne\" in a conversation with journalist and broadcaster Alistair Cooke. Wodehouse cooperated with Usborne in the latter's preparation of \"Wodehouse at Work\", although he destroyed a draft chapter on his controversial wartime activities, of which Usborne had not retained a copy, and this never appeared. Their contact was almost entirely by correspondence and they met only once, when Usborne visited Wodehouse and his wife Ethel at their home on Long Island, New York, in 1971 (the year that Wodehouse reached the age of ninety). During the 1980s Usborne adapted some of Wodehouse's Blandings Castle stories for broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Usborne's various published works about Wodehouse included: In 1973, Usborne contributed to \"Homage to P. G. Wodehouse\", a tribute edited by Thelma Cazalet-Keir (1899\u20131989), a former Conservative Member of Parliament, who was sister-in-law of Wodehouse's late stepdaughter Leonora.", "John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley (12 May 1924 \u2013 26 May 2002), styled Lord Wodehouse between 1932 and 1941, was an active British peer, and also a bobsled racer and Cresta member. Wodehouse was the son of John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley and Frances Margaret Irby, and succeeded in the earldom in 1941 after his father was killed in an air raid. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge, and served in the Grenadier Guards Armoured Division in 1943\u201345. He was a distant kinsman of author P.G. Wodehouse (they were third cousins thrice removed). He had the reputation of being Britain's most married peer, having married Diana Legh, daughter of Sir Piers Legh, in 1945 as the first of six wives. They divorced in 1948, and he married Australian Carmel Dunnett (n\u00e9e Maguire) in 1949. They had a son, John Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley, but divorced in 1952. He tried again in 1953 with Cynthia Abdy Westendarp, but they too were divorced in 1961; together they had a son, Henry, who served in the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Then he married model Margaret Simons in 1961 but they were also divorced in 1965. Wodehouse then wed Gillian Ireland-Smith in 1970, but they split up so he could marry Jane, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Consett, DSO, MC, Grenadier Guards, on 20 August 1982. This marriage lasted for the remainder of his life and gave him much happiness. Wodehouse was the godson of the writer P. G. Wodehouse, a distant cousin, both being descended from Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet.", "Several other members of the Wodehouse family have also gained distinction. The author P. G. Wodehouse was the great-grandson of Reverend Philip Wodehouse, second son of the fifth Baronet. The politician Edmond Wodehouse was the son of Thomas Wodehouse, third son of the fifth Baronet. His eldest son was the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse, Governor of Bombay from 1872 to 1877. Sir Philip Wodehouse's son Edmond Wodehouse represented Bath in the House of Commons as a Unionist. The Hon. Armine Wodehouse, younger son of the first Earl, was a civil servant and Liberal politician. The family seat is Hailstone House, near Cricklade, Wiltshire. The heir apparent is the present holder's only son David Simon John Wodehouse, Lord Wodehouse (b. 1978)", "In view of the circumstances under which \"Joy in the Morning\" was written, Robert McCrum, in his biography of Wodehouse, states regarding the novel: \"A more brilliant example of Wodehouse's literary escapism is hard to find\". In the 2013 television film \"Wodehouse in Exile\", which depicts this period of P. G. Wodehouse's life, Wodehouse is shown working on the novel in some scenes. Wodehouse discussed ideas used for the character of Stilton Cheesewright in a letter he wrote to his friend William \"Bill\" Townend. In the letter, dated 6 April 1940, Wodehouse asked Townend if it were possible for a young peer to become a country policeman with the idea that he could later get into Scotland Yard. Wodehouse stated that the character \"has got to be a policeman, because Bertie pinches his uniform in order to go to a fancy dress dance, at which it is vital for him to be present as he has no other costume\". \"Joy in the Morning\" was written with elements of England from the early twentieth century, as with the other Jeeves stories, despite being published in 1946. In a letter to Townend, dated 7 March 1946, Wodehouse wondered how this aspect of the novel would be received, but noted optimistically that \"my stuff has been out of date since 1914, and nobody has seemed to mind\". Wodehouse discussed the same subject in a letter written on 10 April 1946 to writer Compton Mackenzie. In that letter, Wodehouse wrote that his newest novels, including \"Joy in the Morning\", were \"definitely historical novels now, as they all deal with a life in which country houses flourish and butlers flit to and fro."], "answer": {"text": "The contract started in May 1930, but the studio found little for Wodehouse to do, and he had spare time to write a novel and nine short stories.", "answer_start": 648}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do film wise", "answer": {"text": "Further screen adaptations of his books were made between then and 1927,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any awards", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he known for?", "answer": {"text": "He was unsparing of the studio owners in his early-1930s short stories set in Hollywood, which contain what Taves considers Wodehouse's sharpest and most biting satire.", "answer_start": 583, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happen in 1929", "answer": {"text": "but it was not until 1929 that Wodehouse went to Hollywood where Bolton was working as a highly paid writer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bff004ab554d4613afdd30f1f64fd3fe_0_q#6", "question": "What was the title of his novel", "rewrite": "What was the title of P. G. Wodehouse's novel written in 1930?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Luck Stone The Luck Stone is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, written under the pseudonym Basil Windham. It was compiled from a serial which appeared in \"Chums: An Illustrated Paper for Boys\" between September 16, 1908 and January 20, 1909, when Wodehouse was 27 years old. It was first published as a book long after Wodehouse's 1975 death, on March 31, 1997 by Galahad Books, in a limited run with the . It has subsequently been published in paperback by Odbody & Marley (2006), , and in hardcover by Everyman's Library (2014), . Like much of Wodehouse's writing of the period, the story is set in a public boys' school. But it departs from that usual form as described by Wodehouse in a letter written to a friend: \" \"I've been commissioned by \"Chums\" to do a 70,000-word serial by July. They want it not so public-schooly as my usual stuff and with a rather lurid plot.\" \" It was his only such novel of mystery, high adventure, and danger, given the term \"blood and thunder\" by Wodehouse scholar Richard Usborne. Usborne observed,\" \"Doubtless Wodehouse enjoyed writing \"The Luck Stone\". \u2026 He had shown, in breezy asides throughout his school novels, \u2026that he had read acres of catchpenny fiction, had enjoyed it all and knew all the tricks of it.\" \" Though a departure for him, \"The Luck Stone\" is thoroughly \"Wodehouse,\" with his trademark sticky situations, quirky characters, sly humor and wit, and renowned prose. Usborne had a high view of this Wodehouse offering:\" \"You're fortunate to have discovered \"The Luck Stone\".", "John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley (12 May 1924 \u2013 26 May 2002), styled Lord Wodehouse between 1932 and 1941, was an active British peer, and also a bobsled racer and Cresta member. Wodehouse was the son of John Wodehouse, 3rd Earl of Kimberley and Frances Margaret Irby, and succeeded in the earldom in 1941 after his father was killed in an air raid. He was educated at Eton and Magdalene College, Cambridge, and served in the Grenadier Guards Armoured Division in 1943\u201345. He was a distant kinsman of author P.G. Wodehouse (they were third cousins thrice removed). He had the reputation of being Britain's most married peer, having married Diana Legh, daughter of Sir Piers Legh, in 1945 as the first of six wives. They divorced in 1948, and he married Australian Carmel Dunnett (n\u00e9e Maguire) in 1949. They had a son, John Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley, but divorced in 1952. He tried again in 1953 with Cynthia Abdy Westendarp, but they too were divorced in 1961; together they had a son, Henry, who served in the Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police. Then he married model Margaret Simons in 1961 but they were also divorced in 1965. Wodehouse then wed Gillian Ireland-Smith in 1970, but they split up so he could marry Jane, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel A. P. Consett, DSO, MC, Grenadier Guards, on 20 August 1982. This marriage lasted for the remainder of his life and gave him much happiness. Wodehouse was the godson of the writer P. G. Wodehouse, a distant cousin, both being descended from Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet.", "William Mercer, who, as the only survivor of the trio, was living in Southern Rhodesia, evidently resented some of Usborne's remarks, as he wrote to Usborne (through solicitors) that \"never has the whip been so laid to my back\". \"Clubland Heroes\" brought Usborne to the attention of P. G. Wodehouse, who suggested Usbourne write an account of his life and work, in time for his 80th birthday in 1961. The result was \"Wodehouse at Work\" (1961) which began the long association between the two. Wodehouse once referred to \"a certain learned Usborne\" in a conversation with journalist and broadcaster Alistair Cooke. Wodehouse cooperated with Usborne in the latter's preparation of \"Wodehouse at Work\", although he destroyed a draft chapter on his controversial wartime activities, of which Usborne had not retained a copy, and this never appeared. Their contact was almost entirely by correspondence and they met only once, when Usborne visited Wodehouse and his wife Ethel at their home on Long Island, New York, in 1971 (the year that Wodehouse reached the age of ninety). During the 1980s Usborne adapted some of Wodehouse's Blandings Castle stories for broadcast on BBC Radio 4. Usborne's various published works about Wodehouse included: In 1973, Usborne contributed to \"Homage to P. G. Wodehouse\", a tribute edited by Thelma Cazalet-Keir (1899\u20131989), a former Conservative Member of Parliament, who was sister-in-law of Wodehouse's late stepdaughter Leonora.", "In view of the circumstances under which \"Joy in the Morning\" was written, Robert McCrum, in his biography of Wodehouse, states regarding the novel: \"A more brilliant example of Wodehouse's literary escapism is hard to find\". In the 2013 television film \"Wodehouse in Exile\", which depicts this period of P. G. Wodehouse's life, Wodehouse is shown working on the novel in some scenes. Wodehouse discussed ideas used for the character of Stilton Cheesewright in a letter he wrote to his friend William \"Bill\" Townend. In the letter, dated 6 April 1940, Wodehouse asked Townend if it were possible for a young peer to become a country policeman with the idea that he could later get into Scotland Yard. Wodehouse stated that the character \"has got to be a policeman, because Bertie pinches his uniform in order to go to a fancy dress dance, at which it is vital for him to be present as he has no other costume\". \"Joy in the Morning\" was written with elements of England from the early twentieth century, as with the other Jeeves stories, despite being published in 1946. In a letter to Townend, dated 7 March 1946, Wodehouse wondered how this aspect of the novel would be received, but noted optimistically that \"my stuff has been out of date since 1914, and nobody has seemed to mind\". Wodehouse discussed the same subject in a letter written on 10 April 1946 to writer Compton Mackenzie. In that letter, Wodehouse wrote that his newest novels, including \"Joy in the Morning\", were \"definitely historical novels now, as they all deal with a life in which country houses flourish and butlers flit to and fro.", "Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet (c. 1714 \u2013 21 May 1777), was a British Tory Member of Parliament. Wodehouse was the son of Sir John Wodehouse, 4th Baronet, and Mary Fermor. His unusual first name reflects his connection with the Airmine Baronets through his grandmother Anne Airmine. He was elected to the House of Commons for Norfolk in 1737, a seat he held until 1768. In 1754 he succeeded his father in the baronetcy and to the family seat of Kimberley Hall in Norfolk. Wodehouse married Letitia Bacon, daughter of Sir Edmund Bacon, 6th Baronet, in 1738. He died in 1777 and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son John, who was created Baron Wodehouse in 1797 and who was the great-grandfather of statesman John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley. Wodehouse's second son Reverend Philip Wodehouse (1745-1811) was the great-grandfather of the author P. G. Wodehouse while his third son Thomas Wodehouse was the grandfather of the colonial administrator Sir Philip Wodehouse."], "answer": {"text": "Those Three French Girls (1930", "answer_start": 1158}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did p.g Wodehouse do in Hollywood?", "answer": {"text": "There had been films of Wodehouse stories since 1915, when A Gentleman of Leisure was based on his 1910 novel of the same name.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do film wise", "answer": {"text": "Further screen adaptations of his books were made between then and 1927,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any awards", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was he known for?", "answer": {"text": "He was unsparing of the studio owners in his early-1930s short stories set in Hollywood, which contain what Taves considers Wodehouse's sharpest and most biting satire.", "answer_start": 583, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happen in 1929", "answer": {"text": "but it was not until 1929 that Wodehouse went to Hollywood where Bolton was working as a highly paid writer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen in 1930", "answer": {"text": "The contract started in May 1930, but the studio found little for Wodehouse to do, and he had spare time to write a novel and nine short stories.", "answer_start": 648, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3b1f2a4865334bd68b15986c3d14c07f_0_q#0", "question": "What was Queen Rania of Jordan cross-cultural dialogue", "rewrite": "What was Queen Rania of Jordan cross-cultural dialogue", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "FINCA Ventures grew out of FINCA\u2019s mission and recognition that access to basic services requires access to finance and that both are essential to alleviating poverty. The initiative supports innovative solutions to poverty in energy, water and sanitation (WASH), education, health, agriculture and financial technology (fintech). As of August 2019, FINCA Ventures has invested in seven early-stage social enterprises, including Amped Innovation, BioLite, Eneza Education, Good Nature Agro, Ignitia, MDaaS Global and Sanivation. In partnership with USAID\u2019s Partnering to Accelerate Entrepreneurship (PACE) Initiative, FINCA announced the launch of FINCA Forward in October 2018. FINCA Forward is an innovation platform that facilitates collaboration between early-stage fintech enterprises and microfinance institutions supporting the world\u2019s poor. The platform embraces the vital role of small and growing fintech businesses in driving economic growth, creating jobs and advancing market-based solutions to address global challenges in financial inclusion. In 2003, Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan accepted an invitation from FINCA International to join its board of directors, formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy that began in 2000. In accepting the invitation, the Queen reaffirmed her belief in FINCA's vision that microfinance institutions offer a tangible means of providing large numbers of the world's poorest a real stake in their societies. On February 25, 2008, Queen Rania officially inaugurated the FINCA Jordan program and personally visited its clients. International film actress Natalie Portman joined FINCA as its \"Ambassador of Hope\" in 2003, following a meeting with Queen Rania. About the meeting, she explains, \"Because I'm Israeli and", "In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations."], "answer": {"text": "calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.", "answer_start": 880}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3b1f2a4865334bd68b15986c3d14c07f_0_q#1", "question": "Did she create a program", "rewrite": "Did Queen Rania of Jordan create a program to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Safwan M. Masri Safwan M. Masri is a professor, senior academic administrator, global educator, and scholar of education in the Arab World. He is Executive Vice President for Global Centers and Global Development at Columbia University and has been head of Columbia Global Centers since 2011 as well as director of Columbia Global Centers | Amman since 2009. As a scholar on education and contemporary geopolitics and society in the Arab world, Masri's work focuses on understanding the historic, postcolonial dynamics among religion, education, society, and politics. He is the author of \"Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly\" (Columbia University Press, 2017), which examines why Tunisia was the only country to emerge from the Arab Spring as a democracy. Masri's writings on education and current affairs have been featured in the \"Financial Times\", \"Huffington Post\", and \"Times Higher Education\". Masri joined Columbia University in 1988 as a professor of operations management at Columbia Business School, where he served as vice dean from 1993-2006. Previously, he was a visiting professor at INSEAD, and taught at Stanford University and Santa Clara University. At the request of King Abdullah II of Jordan, Masri led the effort to establish King's Academy in Jordan, the first coeducational boarding school in the Middle East, and was founding chairman of its board of trustees. An advisor to Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan, Masri was founding chairman of the Queen Rania Teacher Academy. Masri currently holds a senior research scholar appointment at Columbia's School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA). In 2009, Columbia University president Lee C. Bollinger created the Columbia Global Centers, a network of regional hubs of programming and research.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit."], "answer": {"text": "had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "answer_start": 1674}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Queen Rania of Jordan cross-cultural dialogue", "answer": {"text": "calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3b1f2a4865334bd68b15986c3d14c07f_0_q#2", "question": "what are madrasati schools", "rewrite": "what are Madrasati schools in the Arab world?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although no globally accepted definition of the Arab world exists, all countries that are members of the Arab League are generally acknowledged as being part of the Arab world. The Arab League is a regional organisation that aims (among other things) to consider in a general way the affairs and interests of the Arab countries and sets out the following definition of an Arab: This standard territorial definition is sometimes seen to be inappropriate or problematic, and may be supplemented with certain additional elements (see ancillary linguistic definition below). As an alternative to, or in combination with, the standard territorial definition, the Arab world may be defined as consisting of peoples and states united to at least some degree by Arabic language, culture or geographic contiguity, or those states or territories in which the majority of the population speaks Arabic, and thus may also include populations of the Arab diaspora. When an ancillary linguistic definition is used in combination with the standard territorial definition, various parameters may be applied to determine whether a state or territory should be included in this alternative definition of the Arab world. These parameters may be applied to the states and territories of the Arab League (which constitute the Arab world under the standard definition) and to other states and territories. Typical parameters that may be applied include: whether Arabic is widely spoken; whether Arabic is an official or national language; or whether an Arabic cognate language is widely spoken. While Arabic dialects are spoken in a number of Arab League states, Literary Arabic is official in all of them. Several states have declared Arabic to be an official or national language, although Arabic is not as widely spoken there. As members of the Arab League, however, they are considered part of the Arab world under the standard territorial definition. Somalia has two official languages, Arabic and Somali, both of which belong to the larger Afro-Asiatic language family.", "Tourism in the Arab world Tourism in the Arab World encompasses a wide array of activities and tourist attractions in an area spanning more than 13 million square kilometers. The Arab World mainly consists of the Arabic-speaking countries and populations in North Africa and Western Asia. The standard definition of the Arab world comprises the 22 countries and territories of the Arab League: 10 countries in Africa, and 12 countries in Asia. Geographically, it stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast. It has a combined population of around 422 million people. The Arab World is divided into five main geographic regions: the Maghreb in Northwest Africa, the Nile Valley and the Horn of Africa in Northeast Africa, the Levant in the eastern Mediterranean, and the Arabian Peninsula in southwestern Asia. Egypt is the only transcontinental country by virtue of the Sinai Peninsula, which lies in Asia. The vast area covered by the Arab World encompasses wide and diverse geographical features ranging from deserts and shrublands to Mediterranean forests and snow-capped mountain ranges. Deserts reign in most of northern Africa where the Sahara exists, the world's hottest desert where some of the sand dunes can reach 180 metres (590 ft) in height. The Arabian Peninsula is mainly covered by a range of deserts: the Nefud in the north, which is a stony desert; the Rub' Al-Khali or \"Great Arabian Desert\" in the south, and between them, the Dahna desert. In contrast, the Arab World boasts some of the highest mountain ranges in both Africa and Asia. The Atlas Mountains rise from the northern Sahara to peak of 4,167 m before cascading east towards the Mediterranean and west towards the Atlantic Ocean.", "\" Estimating newspaper readership is complicated, however, by the fact that single newspapers can change hands many times in a day. Finally, the internet continues to be a fairly common denominator in Arab societies. A report by the Dubai School of Government and Bayt.com estimates that there are more than 125 million Internet users in the region, and that more than 53 million of them actively use social media. They caution, however, that while \"the internet has wide-ranging benefits, these benefits do not reach large segments of societies in the Arab region. The digital divide remains a significant barrier for many people. In many parts of the Arab world levels of educational attainment, economic activity, standards of living and internet costs still determine a person's access to life-changing technology. Further, according to Leo Gher and Hussein Amin, the Internet and other modern telecommunication services may serve to counter the effects of private and public ownership and patronage of the press. They state, \"Modern international telecommunications services now assist in the free flow of information, and neither inter-Arab conflicts nor differences among groups will affect the direct exchange of services provided by global cyberspace networks.\" In most Arab countries, magazines cannot be published without a government-issued license. Magazines in the Arab world, like many of the magazines in the Western world, are geared towards women. However, the number of magazines in the Arab world is significantly smaller than that of the Western world. The Arab world is not as advertisement driven as the Western world. Advertisers fuel the funding for most Western magazines to exist. Thus, a lesser emphasis on advertisement in the Arab world plays into the low number of magazines. There are 90 private radio stations throughout the Middle East and North Africa. (list of private radio stations in the Arab world)", "George Gruen attributes the increased animosity towards Jews in the Arab world to the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire and traditional Islamic society; domination by Western colonial powers under which Jews gained a disproportionately large role in the commercial, professional, and administrative life of the region; the rise of Arab nationalism, whose proponents sought the wealth and positions of local Jews through government channels; resentment over Jewish nationalism and the Zionist movement; and the readiness of unpopular regimes to scapegoat local Jews for political purposes. After the 1948 Arab\u2013Israeli War, the Palestinian exodus, the creation of the state of Israel, and the independence of Arab countries from European control, conditions for Jews in the Arab world deteriorated. Over the next few decades, almost all would flee the Arab world, some willingly, and some under threat (see Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries). In 1945 there were between 758,000 and 866,000 Jews (see table below) living in communities throughout the Arab world. Today, there are fewer than 8,000. In some Arab states, such as Libya (which was once around 3% Jewish), the Jewish community no longer exists; in other Arab countries, only a few hundred Jews remain. Harvard University Professor Ruth R. Wisse claims that \"anti-Semitism / Zionism has been the cornerstone of pan-Arab politics since the Second World War\" and that it is the \"strongest actual and potential source of unity\" in the Arab world. This is because Jews and Israel function as substitutes for Western values that challenge the hegemony of religious and political power in the Middle East. Antisemitism is also malleable enough that it can unite right-wing and left-wing groups within the Arab world.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Queen Rania of Jordan cross-cultural dialogue", "answer": {"text": "calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she create a program", "answer": {"text": "had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "answer_start": 1674, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3b1f2a4865334bd68b15986c3d14c07f_0_q#3", "question": "what did they do during those visits", "rewrite": "what did Queen Rania of Jordan do during the visits to local Madrasati schools?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "FINCA Ventures grew out of FINCA\u2019s mission and recognition that access to basic services requires access to finance and that both are essential to alleviating poverty. The initiative supports innovative solutions to poverty in energy, water and sanitation (WASH), education, health, agriculture and financial technology (fintech). As of August 2019, FINCA Ventures has invested in seven early-stage social enterprises, including Amped Innovation, BioLite, Eneza Education, Good Nature Agro, Ignitia, MDaaS Global and Sanivation. In partnership with USAID\u2019s Partnering to Accelerate Entrepreneurship (PACE) Initiative, FINCA announced the launch of FINCA Forward in October 2018. FINCA Forward is an innovation platform that facilitates collaboration between early-stage fintech enterprises and microfinance institutions supporting the world\u2019s poor. The platform embraces the vital role of small and growing fintech businesses in driving economic growth, creating jobs and advancing market-based solutions to address global challenges in financial inclusion. In 2003, Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan accepted an invitation from FINCA International to join its board of directors, formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy that began in 2000. In accepting the invitation, the Queen reaffirmed her belief in FINCA's vision that microfinance institutions offer a tangible means of providing large numbers of the world's poorest a real stake in their societies. On February 25, 2008, Queen Rania officially inaugurated the FINCA Jordan program and personally visited its clients. International film actress Natalie Portman joined FINCA as its \"Ambassador of Hope\" in 2003, following a meeting with Queen Rania. About the meeting, she explains, \"Because I'm Israeli and", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube."], "answer": {"text": "address socio-economic challenges facing the region", "answer_start": 1618}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Queen Rania of Jordan cross-cultural dialogue", "answer": {"text": "calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she create a program", "answer": {"text": "had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "answer_start": 1674, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are madrasati schools", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3b1f2a4865334bd68b15986c3d14c07f_0_q#4", "question": "why did she want to engage in global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes", "rewrite": "why did Queen Rania of Jordan want to engage in global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "Safwan M. Masri Safwan M. Masri is a professor, senior academic administrator, global educator, and scholar of education in the Arab World. He is Executive Vice President for Global Centers and Global Development at Columbia University and has been head of Columbia Global Centers since 2011 as well as director of Columbia Global Centers | Amman since 2009. As a scholar on education and contemporary geopolitics and society in the Arab world, Masri's work focuses on understanding the historic, postcolonial dynamics among religion, education, society, and politics. He is the author of \"Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly\" (Columbia University Press, 2017), which examines why Tunisia was the only country to emerge from the Arab Spring as a democracy. Masri's writings on education and current affairs have been featured in the \"Financial Times\", \"Huffington Post\", and \"Times Higher Education\". Masri joined Columbia University in 1988 as a professor of operations management at Columbia Business School, where he served as vice dean from 1993-2006. Previously, he was a visiting professor at INSEAD, and taught at Stanford University and Santa Clara University. At the request of King Abdullah II of Jordan, Masri led the effort to establish King's Academy in Jordan, the first coeducational boarding school in the Middle East, and was founding chairman of its board of trustees. An advisor to Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan, Masri was founding chairman of the Queen Rania Teacher Academy. Masri currently holds a senior research scholar appointment at Columbia's School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA). In 2009, Columbia University president Lee C. Bollinger created the Columbia Global Centers, a network of regional hubs of programming and research.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations."], "answer": {"text": "to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world.", "answer_start": 108}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Queen Rania of Jordan cross-cultural dialogue", "answer": {"text": "calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she create a program", "answer": {"text": "had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "answer_start": 1674, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are madrasati schools", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did they do during those visits", "answer": {"text": "address socio-economic challenges facing the region", "answer_start": 1618, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3b1f2a4865334bd68b15986c3d14c07f_0_q#5", "question": "how does she correct it", "rewrite": "how does Queen Rania of Jordan correct misconceptions in the West about the Arab world?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.", "Safwan M. Masri Safwan M. Masri is a professor, senior academic administrator, global educator, and scholar of education in the Arab World. He is Executive Vice President for Global Centers and Global Development at Columbia University and has been head of Columbia Global Centers since 2011 as well as director of Columbia Global Centers | Amman since 2009. As a scholar on education and contemporary geopolitics and society in the Arab world, Masri's work focuses on understanding the historic, postcolonial dynamics among religion, education, society, and politics. He is the author of \"Tunisia: An Arab Anomaly\" (Columbia University Press, 2017), which examines why Tunisia was the only country to emerge from the Arab Spring as a democracy. Masri's writings on education and current affairs have been featured in the \"Financial Times\", \"Huffington Post\", and \"Times Higher Education\". Masri joined Columbia University in 1988 as a professor of operations management at Columbia Business School, where he served as vice dean from 1993-2006. Previously, he was a visiting professor at INSEAD, and taught at Stanford University and Santa Clara University. At the request of King Abdullah II of Jordan, Masri led the effort to establish King's Academy in Jordan, the first coeducational boarding school in the Middle East, and was founding chairman of its board of trustees. An advisor to Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan, Masri was founding chairman of the Queen Rania Teacher Academy. Masri currently holds a senior research scholar appointment at Columbia's School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA). In 2009, Columbia University president Lee C. Bollinger created the Columbia Global Centers, a network of regional hubs of programming and research."], "answer": {"text": "high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK.", "answer_start": 658}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Queen Rania of Jordan cross-cultural dialogue", "answer": {"text": "calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world.", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she create a program", "answer": {"text": "had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "answer_start": 1674, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are madrasati schools", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did they do during those visits", "answer": {"text": "address socio-economic challenges facing the region", "answer_start": 1618, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she want to engage in global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes", "answer": {"text": "to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world.", "answer_start": 108, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebd3351f26f846f08b979abea5a18d5c_1_q#0", "question": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "rewrite": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hugo Pool Hugo Pool (also known as \"Pool Girl\" in the UK) is a 1997 American romantic comedy film, directed by Robert Downey Sr., starring Alyssa Milano and Patrick Dempsey. Hugo Dugay (Alyssa Milano) runs a small company, Hugo Pool, that cleans swimming pools in Los Angeles. The film covers one day in her life, during which she must clean many pools in the midst of a drought that interferes with her usual water supply. In addition to dealing with several eccentric customers, including mobster Chick Chicalini (Richard Lewis) and filmmaker Franz Mazur (Robert Downey Jr.), Hugo must care for her needy parents Minerva (Cathy Moriarty) and Henry (Malcolm McDowell). Also, Hugo may be falling in love with Floyd Gaylen (Patrick Dempsey), a customer of hers who has ALS. The film was written by Robert Downey Sr. and his wife Laura, who died of ALS. During the shooting of the film, Robert Downey Jr. was in the midst of a serious drug addiction. He was described as \"thin, pale and sickly\" and would deliver his lines in bursts of manic energy. In a review for \"The Village Voice\", Elizabeth Weitzman criticized many of the performances, with the exceptions of Dempsey, for giving an understated performance, Downey Jr., \"whose talents cannot be destroyed no matter what horrors he puts them through,\" and Milano, \"whose natural performance appears to have been cut and pasted from another (better) movie,\" though she \"can't turn around without the camera lewdly ogling her.\" A \"Variety\" review states , \"the movie seldom achieves the quirky, zany rhythm it strives for\"; \"Hugo Pool\" is \"a comedy that should have been messier and more outrageous. \"", "The Great Falls Balloon Festival is an event that is held one weekend in August every year. The Festival includes launching of balloons, games, and carnival rides. The launch sites take place at several open parks on the Lewiston-Auburn Androscoggin Riverfront. People come from all around the country and Canada to see the festivities. Formerly known as Festival de Joie, Festival FrancoFun is held annually at the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e and is a celebration of the city's Franco-American heritage. The festival features performances from French-Canadian musicians as well as native French-Canadian food. Held on July 4 of each year, the festival is the name given to the fireworks event over the Great Falls of the Androscoggin River in between the twin cities. The fireworks are launched in West Pitch Park in Auburn. Major viewpoints of the fireworks are Veterans Park, railroad Park and Great Falls Plaza in Auburn. Lewiston hosts the annual Dempsey Challenge, which began in 2009. The event, hosted by Lewiston-native Patrick Dempsey, in a run/walk and cycling fundraiser for cancer research. In its opening year the event raised over one million dollars. The event has attracted famous athletes from all around including participants in the Tour de France. All the proceeds go to the Patrick Dempsey Center for Cancer Hope at the Central Maine Medical Center. The center of sports in Lewiston is the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e (formerly known as the Central Maine Civic Center). The Lewiston Maineiacs, the only American team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League played their first season in 2003\u20132004 and dissolved the team after the 2010\u20132011 season. The Colis\u00e9e is also the home to the state Class A and Class B high school hockey championships each year.", "How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) \"How to Save a Life\" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 69th episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season eight finale \"Flight\". The installment marked the death and final appearance of the series\u2019 male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception. In this episode, Shepherd is involved in an accident while attempting to help the victims of a car accident. He is later pronounced brain dead, in part due to the surgeons not providing him with a timely CT scan. Only six regular cast membersEllen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Chandra Wilson, Kevin McKidd, Sarah Drew and Caterina Scorsone appear in the episode. \"How to Save a Life\" also marks the first appearance of Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan). The episode's original broadcast was watched by 9.55 million viewers and registered the show as the week's highest-rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18\u201349 demographic. It received mixed reviews from the critics who were divided on the show's handling of Shepherd's death. However, they were largely laudatory of Pompeo, with critic Rick Porter deeming it the best performance of her career. The episode opens with a flashback of a five-year-old Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) lost in a park. In the present, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), is on his way to Washington to resign from the President's brain mapping project.", "Give Peace a Chance (Grey's Anatomy) \"Give Peace a Chance\" is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 109th episode overall. Written by Peter Nowalk and directed by Chandra Wilson, the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on October 29, 2009. \"Grey's Anatomy\" centers on a group of young doctors in training. In this episode, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) performs an operation on a hospital technician's \"inoperable\" tumor, despite the objections of the chief of surgery, Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.). The episode was designed to revolve around Dempsey's character. Katherine Heigl (Dr. Izzie Stevens) was absent from the episode, as she was filming the 2010 blockbuster \"Life as We Know It\". Mark Saul, Jesse Williams, and Nora Zehetner returned as guest stars, while Faran Tahir made his only appearance. \" Give Peace a Chance\" won Wilson an NAACP Image Award, and was generally well received among critics, with Tahir's character particularly praised. The initial episode broadcast was ranked #4 for the night with 13.74 million viewers, and a 5.2/13 Nielsen rating/share in the 18\u201349 demographic. \"Give Peace a Chance\" opens with Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital's chief of surgery, Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) implementing a new computerized surgical scheduling system, which is disliked by many of the hospital's staff. Thereafter, Isaac (Faran Tahir), a hospital lab technician, brings Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey)", "Callie brings Penny to a dinner party hosted by Meredith, Amelia and Maggie. Once arriving Meredith immediately recognizes Penny as one of the doctors that worked on her husband, Derek Shepherd at the time of his death. This news brings much dismay to Callie, however she still continues into a relationship with Penny causing tension between herself, Meredith and Amelia Shepherd. Meredith begins working with Penny and finds it very difficult, although after seeking the advice of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.), Meredith forms a working relationship with Penny and the two form a student and mentor bond. Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson), a friend of April's from Jordan, is hired by Bailey. He is revealed to have a dark history with Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), resulting in much friction between Hunt and Riggs, to the point where there is even a physical conflict. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) seeks to help Owen through his traumatic relationship with Riggs, although Owen does not accept the help offered to him by Amelia. This leads to Amelia feeling hurt and to her drinking, despite the fact that she is a recovering addict. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On April 24, 2015, Patrick Dempsey revealed that he would be leaving \"Grey's Anatomy\" after the eleventh season despite having a contract through another season. Thus, this will be the first season in which Dr. Derek Shepherd, portrayed by Patrick Dempsey, is not included in the main cast of characters. Dempsey's character Dr. Derek Shepherd was killed off towards the end of the eleventh season in the episode \""], "answer": {"text": "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ebd3351f26f846f08b979abea5a18d5c_1_q#1", "question": "did he act in any movies?", "rewrite": "Did Patrick Dempsey act in any movies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Callie brings Penny to a dinner party hosted by Meredith, Amelia and Maggie. Once arriving Meredith immediately recognizes Penny as one of the doctors that worked on her husband, Derek Shepherd at the time of his death. This news brings much dismay to Callie, however she still continues into a relationship with Penny causing tension between herself, Meredith and Amelia Shepherd. Meredith begins working with Penny and finds it very difficult, although after seeking the advice of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.), Meredith forms a working relationship with Penny and the two form a student and mentor bond. Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson), a friend of April's from Jordan, is hired by Bailey. He is revealed to have a dark history with Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), resulting in much friction between Hunt and Riggs, to the point where there is even a physical conflict. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) seeks to help Owen through his traumatic relationship with Riggs, although Owen does not accept the help offered to him by Amelia. This leads to Amelia feeling hurt and to her drinking, despite the fact that she is a recovering addict. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On April 24, 2015, Patrick Dempsey revealed that he would be leaving \"Grey's Anatomy\" after the eleventh season despite having a contract through another season. Thus, this will be the first season in which Dr. Derek Shepherd, portrayed by Patrick Dempsey, is not included in the main cast of characters. Dempsey's character Dr. Derek Shepherd was killed off towards the end of the eleventh season in the episode \"", "How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) \"How to Save a Life\" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 69th episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season eight finale \"Flight\". The installment marked the death and final appearance of the series\u2019 male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception. In this episode, Shepherd is involved in an accident while attempting to help the victims of a car accident. He is later pronounced brain dead, in part due to the surgeons not providing him with a timely CT scan. Only six regular cast membersEllen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Chandra Wilson, Kevin McKidd, Sarah Drew and Caterina Scorsone appear in the episode. \"How to Save a Life\" also marks the first appearance of Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan). The episode's original broadcast was watched by 9.55 million viewers and registered the show as the week's highest-rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18\u201349 demographic. It received mixed reviews from the critics who were divided on the show's handling of Shepherd's death. However, they were largely laudatory of Pompeo, with critic Rick Porter deeming it the best performance of her career. The episode opens with a flashback of a five-year-old Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) lost in a park. In the present, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), is on his way to Washington to resign from the President's brain mapping project.", "The bonus features were available on the seventh disc, including interviews with cast members Patrick Dempsey, Ellen Pompeo and Elizabeth Reaser, listed under the titles of \"Making Rounds With Patrick Dempsey\", \"One on One with Ellen Pompeo\" and \"Prescription for Success: Making Jane Doe a Star\", respectively. The region 1 release featured footage from behind the scenes, under the title of \"In Stitches: Season 3 Outtakes\" and unaired scenes from nine episodes, including the season premiere and the finale, under the name of \"Dissecting Grey's Anatomy\". Omnipresent in the bonus material were executive producers Shonda Rhimes and Betsy Beers, providing their outlook on characters, actors and the production process. Currently ranked 2144th in Movies and Television on Amazon.com and 1713th in Film and Television on Amazon.co.uk, the box set received mixed reviews. Kelly West of Cinema Blend noted that the \"seriously extended episodes\" were not significantly expanded, only adding a few minutes of extra footage, which don't influence the storyline. She also noted a \"weakness\" in the audio commentary provided by four of the actresses, who she deemed to have been fantastic during the series, describing the features as \"random chit-chats\". However, she praised Sandra Oh's commentary, noting that she put the most effort in hers by trying to come up with interest topics, while being \"amusing and worth listening to\". She described the bonus features as \"mildly entertaining\", emphasizing Dempsey's interview about his passion for racing cars, which she regarded useless. \" USA Today\" had a positive perspective on the box set, by calling it \"scintillating\" and \"addictive\".", "The Great Falls Balloon Festival is an event that is held one weekend in August every year. The Festival includes launching of balloons, games, and carnival rides. The launch sites take place at several open parks on the Lewiston-Auburn Androscoggin Riverfront. People come from all around the country and Canada to see the festivities. Formerly known as Festival de Joie, Festival FrancoFun is held annually at the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e and is a celebration of the city's Franco-American heritage. The festival features performances from French-Canadian musicians as well as native French-Canadian food. Held on July 4 of each year, the festival is the name given to the fireworks event over the Great Falls of the Androscoggin River in between the twin cities. The fireworks are launched in West Pitch Park in Auburn. Major viewpoints of the fireworks are Veterans Park, railroad Park and Great Falls Plaza in Auburn. Lewiston hosts the annual Dempsey Challenge, which began in 2009. The event, hosted by Lewiston-native Patrick Dempsey, in a run/walk and cycling fundraiser for cancer research. In its opening year the event raised over one million dollars. The event has attracted famous athletes from all around including participants in the Tour de France. All the proceeds go to the Patrick Dempsey Center for Cancer Hope at the Central Maine Medical Center. The center of sports in Lewiston is the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e (formerly known as the Central Maine Civic Center). The Lewiston Maineiacs, the only American team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League played their first season in 2003\u20132004 and dissolved the team after the 2010\u20132011 season. The Colis\u00e9e is also the home to the state Class A and Class B high school hockey championships each year.", "Hugo Pool Hugo Pool (also known as \"Pool Girl\" in the UK) is a 1997 American romantic comedy film, directed by Robert Downey Sr., starring Alyssa Milano and Patrick Dempsey. Hugo Dugay (Alyssa Milano) runs a small company, Hugo Pool, that cleans swimming pools in Los Angeles. The film covers one day in her life, during which she must clean many pools in the midst of a drought that interferes with her usual water supply. In addition to dealing with several eccentric customers, including mobster Chick Chicalini (Richard Lewis) and filmmaker Franz Mazur (Robert Downey Jr.), Hugo must care for her needy parents Minerva (Cathy Moriarty) and Henry (Malcolm McDowell). Also, Hugo may be falling in love with Floyd Gaylen (Patrick Dempsey), a customer of hers who has ALS. The film was written by Robert Downey Sr. and his wife Laura, who died of ALS. During the shooting of the film, Robert Downey Jr. was in the midst of a serious drug addiction. He was described as \"thin, pale and sickly\" and would deliver his lines in bursts of manic energy. In a review for \"The Village Voice\", Elizabeth Weitzman criticized many of the performances, with the exceptions of Dempsey, for giving an understated performance, Downey Jr., \"whose talents cannot be destroyed no matter what horrors he puts them through,\" and Milano, \"whose natural performance appears to have been cut and pasted from another (better) movie,\" though she \"can't turn around without the camera lewdly ogling her.\" A \"Variety\" review states , \"the movie seldom achieves the quirky, zany rhythm it strives for\"; \"Hugo Pool\" is \"a comedy that should have been messier and more outrageous. \""], "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers,", "answer_start": 1141}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebd3351f26f846f08b979abea5a18d5c_1_q#2", "question": "did he recieve any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Patrick Dempsey receive any awards for his acting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The bonus features were available on the seventh disc, including interviews with cast members Patrick Dempsey, Ellen Pompeo and Elizabeth Reaser, listed under the titles of \"Making Rounds With Patrick Dempsey\", \"One on One with Ellen Pompeo\" and \"Prescription for Success: Making Jane Doe a Star\", respectively. The region 1 release featured footage from behind the scenes, under the title of \"In Stitches: Season 3 Outtakes\" and unaired scenes from nine episodes, including the season premiere and the finale, under the name of \"Dissecting Grey's Anatomy\". Omnipresent in the bonus material were executive producers Shonda Rhimes and Betsy Beers, providing their outlook on characters, actors and the production process. Currently ranked 2144th in Movies and Television on Amazon.com and 1713th in Film and Television on Amazon.co.uk, the box set received mixed reviews. Kelly West of Cinema Blend noted that the \"seriously extended episodes\" were not significantly expanded, only adding a few minutes of extra footage, which don't influence the storyline. She also noted a \"weakness\" in the audio commentary provided by four of the actresses, who she deemed to have been fantastic during the series, describing the features as \"random chit-chats\". However, she praised Sandra Oh's commentary, noting that she put the most effort in hers by trying to come up with interest topics, while being \"amusing and worth listening to\". She described the bonus features as \"mildly entertaining\", emphasizing Dempsey's interview about his passion for racing cars, which she regarded useless. \" USA Today\" had a positive perspective on the box set, by calling it \"scintillating\" and \"addictive\".", "The Great Falls Balloon Festival is an event that is held one weekend in August every year. The Festival includes launching of balloons, games, and carnival rides. The launch sites take place at several open parks on the Lewiston-Auburn Androscoggin Riverfront. People come from all around the country and Canada to see the festivities. Formerly known as Festival de Joie, Festival FrancoFun is held annually at the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e and is a celebration of the city's Franco-American heritage. The festival features performances from French-Canadian musicians as well as native French-Canadian food. Held on July 4 of each year, the festival is the name given to the fireworks event over the Great Falls of the Androscoggin River in between the twin cities. The fireworks are launched in West Pitch Park in Auburn. Major viewpoints of the fireworks are Veterans Park, railroad Park and Great Falls Plaza in Auburn. Lewiston hosts the annual Dempsey Challenge, which began in 2009. The event, hosted by Lewiston-native Patrick Dempsey, in a run/walk and cycling fundraiser for cancer research. In its opening year the event raised over one million dollars. The event has attracted famous athletes from all around including participants in the Tour de France. All the proceeds go to the Patrick Dempsey Center for Cancer Hope at the Central Maine Medical Center. The center of sports in Lewiston is the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e (formerly known as the Central Maine Civic Center). The Lewiston Maineiacs, the only American team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League played their first season in 2003\u20132004 and dissolved the team after the 2010\u20132011 season. The Colis\u00e9e is also the home to the state Class A and Class B high school hockey championships each year.", "Callie brings Penny to a dinner party hosted by Meredith, Amelia and Maggie. Once arriving Meredith immediately recognizes Penny as one of the doctors that worked on her husband, Derek Shepherd at the time of his death. This news brings much dismay to Callie, however she still continues into a relationship with Penny causing tension between herself, Meredith and Amelia Shepherd. Meredith begins working with Penny and finds it very difficult, although after seeking the advice of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.), Meredith forms a working relationship with Penny and the two form a student and mentor bond. Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson), a friend of April's from Jordan, is hired by Bailey. He is revealed to have a dark history with Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), resulting in much friction between Hunt and Riggs, to the point where there is even a physical conflict. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) seeks to help Owen through his traumatic relationship with Riggs, although Owen does not accept the help offered to him by Amelia. This leads to Amelia feeling hurt and to her drinking, despite the fact that she is a recovering addict. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On April 24, 2015, Patrick Dempsey revealed that he would be leaving \"Grey's Anatomy\" after the eleventh season despite having a contract through another season. Thus, this will be the first season in which Dr. Derek Shepherd, portrayed by Patrick Dempsey, is not included in the main cast of characters. Dempsey's character Dr. Derek Shepherd was killed off towards the end of the eleventh season in the episode \"", "How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) \"How to Save a Life\" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 69th episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season eight finale \"Flight\". The installment marked the death and final appearance of the series\u2019 male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception. In this episode, Shepherd is involved in an accident while attempting to help the victims of a car accident. He is later pronounced brain dead, in part due to the surgeons not providing him with a timely CT scan. Only six regular cast membersEllen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Chandra Wilson, Kevin McKidd, Sarah Drew and Caterina Scorsone appear in the episode. \"How to Save a Life\" also marks the first appearance of Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan). The episode's original broadcast was watched by 9.55 million viewers and registered the show as the week's highest-rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18\u201349 demographic. It received mixed reviews from the critics who were divided on the show's handling of Shepherd's death. However, they were largely laudatory of Pompeo, with critic Rick Porter deeming it the best performance of her career. The episode opens with a flashback of a five-year-old Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) lost in a park. In the present, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), is on his way to Washington to resign from the President's brain mapping project.", "Hugo Pool Hugo Pool (also known as \"Pool Girl\" in the UK) is a 1997 American romantic comedy film, directed by Robert Downey Sr., starring Alyssa Milano and Patrick Dempsey. Hugo Dugay (Alyssa Milano) runs a small company, Hugo Pool, that cleans swimming pools in Los Angeles. The film covers one day in her life, during which she must clean many pools in the midst of a drought that interferes with her usual water supply. In addition to dealing with several eccentric customers, including mobster Chick Chicalini (Richard Lewis) and filmmaker Franz Mazur (Robert Downey Jr.), Hugo must care for her needy parents Minerva (Cathy Moriarty) and Henry (Malcolm McDowell). Also, Hugo may be falling in love with Floyd Gaylen (Patrick Dempsey), a customer of hers who has ALS. The film was written by Robert Downey Sr. and his wife Laura, who died of ALS. During the shooting of the film, Robert Downey Jr. was in the midst of a serious drug addiction. He was described as \"thin, pale and sickly\" and would deliver his lines in bursts of manic energy. In a review for \"The Village Voice\", Elizabeth Weitzman criticized many of the performances, with the exceptions of Dempsey, for giving an understated performance, Downey Jr., \"whose talents cannot be destroyed no matter what horrors he puts them through,\" and Milano, \"whose natural performance appears to have been cut and pasted from another (better) movie,\" though she \"can't turn around without the camera lewdly ogling her.\" A \"Variety\" review states , \"the movie seldom achieves the quirky, zany rhythm it strives for\"; \"Hugo Pool\" is \"a comedy that should have been messier and more outrageous. \""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebd3351f26f846f08b979abea5a18d5c_1_q#3", "question": "Did he act in any other films?", "rewrite": "Did Patrick Dempsey act in any other films other than Enchanted and Freedom Writers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Freedom Writers Diary The Freedom Writers Diary: How a Teacher and 150 Teens Used Writing to Change Themselves and the World Around Them is a non-fiction 1999 book written by The Freedom Writers, a group of students from Woodrow Wilson High School in Long Beach, California, and their teacher Erin Gruwell. It is the basis of the 2007 movie \"Freedom Writers\", starring Hilary Swank. The Freedom Writers Diary was made up of journals that Erin Gruwell told her students to write in about the troubles of their past, present and future. The Freedom Writers name pays homage to the name of the 1960s civil rights group Freedom Riders. After intercepting a racist drawing from one of her students, Gruwell compared the drawings to Nazi propaganda techniques. She drew blank stares; only one of them had heard of the Holocaust. As a result, she assigned them to read and write about \"The Diary of Anne Frank\" and \"\". The Freedom Writers Foundation continued with exercises and philosophies similar to those used in the original class, and tracks the progress of the original and continuing classes. As an idealistic 23-year-old English teacher at Wilson High School in Long Beach, California, Erin Gruwell confronted a room of \"unteachable, at-risk\" students. One day she intercepted a note with an racial caricature, and angrily declared that this was precisely the sort of thing that led to the Holocaust \u2013 only to be met by uncomprehending looks. So she and her students, using the treasured books \"Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl\" and \"Zlata's Diary: A Child's Life in Sarajevo\" as their guides, undertook a life-changing, eye-opening, spirit-raising odyssey against intolerance and misunderstanding.", "Freedom Writers Freedom Writers is a 2007 drama film written and directed by Richard LaGravenese and starring Hilary Swank, Scott Glenn, Imelda Staunton, Patrick Dempsey and Mario. It is based on the book \"The Freedom Writers Diary\" by teacher Erin Gruwell and students who compiled the book out of real diary entries about their lives that they wrote in their English class at Woodrow Wilson Classical High School in Long Beach, California. The movie is also based on the DC program called City at Peace. The title of the movie and book is a play on the term \"Freedom Riders\", referring to the multiracial civil rights activists who tested the U.S. Supreme Court decision ordering the desegregation of interstate buses in 1961. The idea for the film came from journalist Tracey Durning, who made a documentary about Erin Gruwell for the ABC News program \"Primetime Live\". Durning served as co-executive producer of the film. The film was dedicated to the memory of Armand Jones, who was killed after wrapping up \"Freedom Writers\". He was 18 and was shot to death in Anaheim, California after a confrontation with a man who robbed Jones of a necklace in a Denny's restaurant. In 1994, in Long Beach, California, Erin Gruwell (Hilary Swank) has been accepted to teach English for at-risk students at Woodrow Wilson High School - a once highly acclaimed school, but has declined since voluntary integration had been enforced and where racial tensions have increased since the Los Angeles riots two years prior. Erin struggles to form a connection with her students and observes numerous fights between some of them, who are in rival gangs. One night, Latina student Eva Benitez (April L. Hernandez), her boyfriend Paco (Will Morales), and a friend go to a convenience store.", "Freedom Writers Foundation The Freedom Writers Foundation is a non-profit organization created to \"inspire young, underprivileged students to pick up pens instead of guns. \" It was founded by Erin Gruwell, and John Tu (cofounder of the Kingston Technology Company) is a benefactor. The Freedom Writers Foundation is a nonprofit organization which was founded in 1997. It positively affects communities by decreasing high school dropout rates through the replication and enhancement of the Freedom Writers Method. \"The organization\u2019s overall purpose is to:<br> \u00b7 Create opportunities for students to reach their full academic potential and aspire to higher education.<br> \u00b7 Publicly and systematically promote an educational philosophy that values, upholds, and honors diversity.<br> \u00b7 Inspire students to realize their roles as vital members of their communities.\" \u201cFollowing the Rodney King Riots and the O.J. Simpson trial, the mood in our city was unsettling, and on our first day of high school, we had only three things in common: we hated school, we hated our teacher, and we hated each other. \" This is a quote from the original Freedom Writers. Brought together in the classroom of Erin Gruwell, these students were taught to accept each other and accept themselves. They all felt that they had been written off. \u201cLow test scores, juvenile hall, alienation, and racial hostility helped us fit the labels the educational system placed on us: \u2018unteachable,\u2019 \u2018below average,\u2019 and 'delinquents.' \" Gruwell helped the students to overcome their disadvantages by having them read books by other teenagers so they would be able to relate to the stories.", "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season, including lead roles in the TV versions of the films The Player and About A Boy. However, he received good reviews as he portrayed real-life mob boss, Meyer Lansky in 1991 when Mobsters was put on the screen. His first major television role was a three-episode stint as Will Truman's closeted sportscaster boyfriend on Will & Grace. He went on to play the role of Aaron Brooks on Once & Again. Dempsey received an Emmy nomination in 2001 as Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for the role of Aaron. In 1993, he played a young John F. Kennedy in the two-part TV mini-series JFK: Reckless Youth. In 2000, he played Detective Kincaid in Scream 3. Dempsey had a high-profile role as the fiance of Reese Witherspoon's character in Sweet Home Alabama (2002). In 2004, he co-starred in the highly acclaimed HBO production Iron Jawed Angels, opposite Hilary Swank and Anjelica Huston. He also appeared as special guest star in The Practice for its three-episode finale season (8x13-8x15). In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers, where he reunited with his Iron Jawed Angels co-star Hilary Swank. He also voiced the character Kenai in Brother Bear 2, replacing Joaquin Phoenix. Dempsey's most recent roles include the 2008 film Made of Honor as Tom, and the 2010 romantic comedy Valentine's Day; the latter film follows five interconnecting stories about Los Angelinos anticipating (or in some cases dreading) the holiday of love.", "After her year of student teaching, Gruwell returned to Wilson as a full teacher, this time with a class of sophomores. Her fall semester got off to a rocky start due to student protests of Proposition 187. But Gruwell persevered and reached her students by asking them to keep journals and make movies of their lives, and by relating the family feud in \"Romeo and Juliet\" to a gang war. She also had the students read books written by and about other teenagers in times of war, such as \"The Diary of a Young Girl\", \"Zlata's Diary\" and \"Night\". Writing journals became a solace for many of the students, and because the journals were shared anonymously, teenagers who once refused to speak to someone of a different race became like a family. In the fall of 1995, Gruwell gave each of her students a bag full of new books and had them make a toast for change. After that, she saw a turnaround in them. The students went on to surprise everyone. All 150 Freedom Writers graduated from high school and many went on to attend college. Between 1994 and 1998, the Freedom Writers garnered a great deal of media coverage, including appearances on \"Primetime Live\", \"The View\" and \"Good Morning America\". In 1998, after teaching for only four years, Gruwell left Wilson High School and became a Distinguished Teacher in Residence at California State University, Long Beach. Gruwell later went on to start the Freedom Writers Foundation, which aspires to spread the Freedom Writers method across the country. \"The Freedom Writers Diary\" is a 1999 book written by the Freedom Writers with intros by Erin Gruwell."], "answer": {"text": "He starred as Dylan Gould in Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011).", "answer_start": 184}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebd3351f26f846f08b979abea5a18d5c_1_q#4", "question": "Did he act in any other TV shows?", "rewrite": "Did Patrick Dempsey act in any other TV shows in the 90s other than a number of featured appearances and pilots that were not picked up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) \"How to Save a Life\" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 69th episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season eight finale \"Flight\". The installment marked the death and final appearance of the series\u2019 male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception. In this episode, Shepherd is involved in an accident while attempting to help the victims of a car accident. He is later pronounced brain dead, in part due to the surgeons not providing him with a timely CT scan. Only six regular cast membersEllen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Chandra Wilson, Kevin McKidd, Sarah Drew and Caterina Scorsone appear in the episode. \"How to Save a Life\" also marks the first appearance of Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan). The episode's original broadcast was watched by 9.55 million viewers and registered the show as the week's highest-rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18\u201349 demographic. It received mixed reviews from the critics who were divided on the show's handling of Shepherd's death. However, they were largely laudatory of Pompeo, with critic Rick Porter deeming it the best performance of her career. The episode opens with a flashback of a five-year-old Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) lost in a park. In the present, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), is on his way to Washington to resign from the President's brain mapping project.", "Callie brings Penny to a dinner party hosted by Meredith, Amelia and Maggie. Once arriving Meredith immediately recognizes Penny as one of the doctors that worked on her husband, Derek Shepherd at the time of his death. This news brings much dismay to Callie, however she still continues into a relationship with Penny causing tension between herself, Meredith and Amelia Shepherd. Meredith begins working with Penny and finds it very difficult, although after seeking the advice of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.), Meredith forms a working relationship with Penny and the two form a student and mentor bond. Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson), a friend of April's from Jordan, is hired by Bailey. He is revealed to have a dark history with Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), resulting in much friction between Hunt and Riggs, to the point where there is even a physical conflict. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) seeks to help Owen through his traumatic relationship with Riggs, although Owen does not accept the help offered to him by Amelia. This leads to Amelia feeling hurt and to her drinking, despite the fact that she is a recovering addict. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On April 24, 2015, Patrick Dempsey revealed that he would be leaving \"Grey's Anatomy\" after the eleventh season despite having a contract through another season. Thus, this will be the first season in which Dr. Derek Shepherd, portrayed by Patrick Dempsey, is not included in the main cast of characters. Dempsey's character Dr. Derek Shepherd was killed off towards the end of the eleventh season in the episode \"", "The bonus features were available on the seventh disc, including interviews with cast members Patrick Dempsey, Ellen Pompeo and Elizabeth Reaser, listed under the titles of \"Making Rounds With Patrick Dempsey\", \"One on One with Ellen Pompeo\" and \"Prescription for Success: Making Jane Doe a Star\", respectively. The region 1 release featured footage from behind the scenes, under the title of \"In Stitches: Season 3 Outtakes\" and unaired scenes from nine episodes, including the season premiere and the finale, under the name of \"Dissecting Grey's Anatomy\". Omnipresent in the bonus material were executive producers Shonda Rhimes and Betsy Beers, providing their outlook on characters, actors and the production process. Currently ranked 2144th in Movies and Television on Amazon.com and 1713th in Film and Television on Amazon.co.uk, the box set received mixed reviews. Kelly West of Cinema Blend noted that the \"seriously extended episodes\" were not significantly expanded, only adding a few minutes of extra footage, which don't influence the storyline. She also noted a \"weakness\" in the audio commentary provided by four of the actresses, who she deemed to have been fantastic during the series, describing the features as \"random chit-chats\". However, she praised Sandra Oh's commentary, noting that she put the most effort in hers by trying to come up with interest topics, while being \"amusing and worth listening to\". She described the bonus features as \"mildly entertaining\", emphasizing Dempsey's interview about his passion for racing cars, which she regarded useless. \" USA Today\" had a positive perspective on the box set, by calling it \"scintillating\" and \"addictive\".", "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season, including lead roles in the TV versions of the films The Player and About A Boy. However, he received good reviews as he portrayed real-life mob boss, Meyer Lansky in 1991 when Mobsters was put on the screen. His first major television role was a three-episode stint as Will Truman's closeted sportscaster boyfriend on Will & Grace. He went on to play the role of Aaron Brooks on Once & Again. Dempsey received an Emmy nomination in 2001 as Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for the role of Aaron. In 1993, he played a young John F. Kennedy in the two-part TV mini-series JFK: Reckless Youth. In 2000, he played Detective Kincaid in Scream 3. Dempsey had a high-profile role as the fiance of Reese Witherspoon's character in Sweet Home Alabama (2002). In 2004, he co-starred in the highly acclaimed HBO production Iron Jawed Angels, opposite Hilary Swank and Anjelica Huston. He also appeared as special guest star in The Practice for its three-episode finale season (8x13-8x15). In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers, where he reunited with his Iron Jawed Angels co-star Hilary Swank. He also voiced the character Kenai in Brother Bear 2, replacing Joaquin Phoenix. Dempsey's most recent roles include the 2008 film Made of Honor as Tom, and the 2010 romantic comedy Valentine's Day; the latter film follows five interconnecting stories about Los Angelinos anticipating (or in some cases dreading) the holiday of love.", "If that's what you\u2019re looking for, I think you\u2019ll enjoy the season premiere just fine. \" Capshaw's performance this season was praised, with \"The TV Addict\" calling her \"immensely likeable\". Although \"Sympathy for the Parents\" was the least viewed episode, \"TV Fanatic\" called the episode \"touching\", praising Chambers' performance. \" TV Fanatic\"'s reaction to the season was fairly mixed, with Steve Marsi saying that \"Grey's Anatomy\" was facing an identity crisis after viewing \"Give Peace a Chance\". He said that: \"Still popular but lacking its past magic, it's trying to decide what to become. All we can say is that if it becomes what we saw 12 hours ago, we are all for it. Last week saw the doctors plunging into \"ER\"-style chaos with 12 different doctors giving 12 different accounts of one case. Last night, we saw something else equally unusual.\" He praised Patrick Dempsey's performance, saying: \"Again, it was a single case that took up the entire hour, but instead of 12 doctors' version of events, the focus was largely on just one, and the best one: Dr. Derek Shepherd. Patrick Dempsey's McDreamy character may be eye candy, but he's got substance. Last night's episode proved that in spades, and was one of the series' best in some time.\" The season's finale \"Death And All His Friends\" was highly praised. Marsi gave the episode five stars, and expressed that it may have been the best episode of the series, adding: \"The writing and acting were absolutely stellar, and may lead to many Emmy nominations, but even more impressively, despite a killing spree, it remained distinctly Grey's."], "answer": {"text": "He also appeared as special guest star in The Practice for its three-episode finale season (8x13-8x15).", "answer_start": 1037}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other films?", "answer": {"text": "He starred as Dylan Gould in Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011).", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebd3351f26f846f08b979abea5a18d5c_1_q#5", "question": "did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Patrick Dempsey win any awards for his acting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) \"How to Save a Life\" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 69th episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season eight finale \"Flight\". The installment marked the death and final appearance of the series\u2019 male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception. In this episode, Shepherd is involved in an accident while attempting to help the victims of a car accident. He is later pronounced brain dead, in part due to the surgeons not providing him with a timely CT scan. Only six regular cast membersEllen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Chandra Wilson, Kevin McKidd, Sarah Drew and Caterina Scorsone appear in the episode. \"How to Save a Life\" also marks the first appearance of Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan). The episode's original broadcast was watched by 9.55 million viewers and registered the show as the week's highest-rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18\u201349 demographic. It received mixed reviews from the critics who were divided on the show's handling of Shepherd's death. However, they were largely laudatory of Pompeo, with critic Rick Porter deeming it the best performance of her career. The episode opens with a flashback of a five-year-old Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) lost in a park. In the present, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), is on his way to Washington to resign from the President's brain mapping project.", "Callie brings Penny to a dinner party hosted by Meredith, Amelia and Maggie. Once arriving Meredith immediately recognizes Penny as one of the doctors that worked on her husband, Derek Shepherd at the time of his death. This news brings much dismay to Callie, however she still continues into a relationship with Penny causing tension between herself, Meredith and Amelia Shepherd. Meredith begins working with Penny and finds it very difficult, although after seeking the advice of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.), Meredith forms a working relationship with Penny and the two form a student and mentor bond. Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson), a friend of April's from Jordan, is hired by Bailey. He is revealed to have a dark history with Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), resulting in much friction between Hunt and Riggs, to the point where there is even a physical conflict. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) seeks to help Owen through his traumatic relationship with Riggs, although Owen does not accept the help offered to him by Amelia. This leads to Amelia feeling hurt and to her drinking, despite the fact that she is a recovering addict. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On April 24, 2015, Patrick Dempsey revealed that he would be leaving \"Grey's Anatomy\" after the eleventh season despite having a contract through another season. Thus, this will be the first season in which Dr. Derek Shepherd, portrayed by Patrick Dempsey, is not included in the main cast of characters. Dempsey's character Dr. Derek Shepherd was killed off towards the end of the eleventh season in the episode \"", "The Great Falls Balloon Festival is an event that is held one weekend in August every year. The Festival includes launching of balloons, games, and carnival rides. The launch sites take place at several open parks on the Lewiston-Auburn Androscoggin Riverfront. People come from all around the country and Canada to see the festivities. Formerly known as Festival de Joie, Festival FrancoFun is held annually at the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e and is a celebration of the city's Franco-American heritage. The festival features performances from French-Canadian musicians as well as native French-Canadian food. Held on July 4 of each year, the festival is the name given to the fireworks event over the Great Falls of the Androscoggin River in between the twin cities. The fireworks are launched in West Pitch Park in Auburn. Major viewpoints of the fireworks are Veterans Park, railroad Park and Great Falls Plaza in Auburn. Lewiston hosts the annual Dempsey Challenge, which began in 2009. The event, hosted by Lewiston-native Patrick Dempsey, in a run/walk and cycling fundraiser for cancer research. In its opening year the event raised over one million dollars. The event has attracted famous athletes from all around including participants in the Tour de France. All the proceeds go to the Patrick Dempsey Center for Cancer Hope at the Central Maine Medical Center. The center of sports in Lewiston is the Androscoggin Bank Colis\u00e9e (formerly known as the Central Maine Civic Center). The Lewiston Maineiacs, the only American team in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League played their first season in 2003\u20132004 and dissolved the team after the 2010\u20132011 season. The Colis\u00e9e is also the home to the state Class A and Class B high school hockey championships each year.", "Accounts of the fight reported that Willard suffered a broken jaw, broken ribs, several broken teeth, and a number of deep fractures to his facial bones. This aroused suspicion that Dempsey had cheated, with some questioning how the force capable of causing such damage had been transmitted through Dempsey's knuckles without fracturing them. Other reports, however, failed to mention Willard suffered any real injuries. \" The New York Times\"' account of the fight described severe swelling visible on one side of Willard's face, but did not mention any broken bones. A still photograph of Willard following the fight appears to show discoloration and swelling on his face. Following the match, Willard was quoted as saying, \"Dempsey is a remarkable hitter. It was the first time that I had ever been knocked off my feet. I have sent many birds home in the same bruised condition that I am in, and now I know how they felt. I sincerely wish Dempsey all the luck possible and hope that he garnishes all the riches that comes with the championship. I have had my fling with the title. I was champion for four years and I assure you that they'll never have to give a benefit for me. I have invested the money I have made\". Willard later claimed to have been defeated by \"gangsterism\". After being fired by Dempsey, manager Jack Kearns gave an account of the fight in the January 20, 1964 issue of \"Sports Illustrated\" that has become known as the \"loaded gloves theory\". In the interview, Kearns claimed to have informed Dempsey he had wagered his share of the purse favoring a Dempsey win with a first-round knockout. Kearns further stated he had applied plaster of Paris to the wrappings on the fighter's hands. Boxing", "The bonus features were available on the seventh disc, including interviews with cast members Patrick Dempsey, Ellen Pompeo and Elizabeth Reaser, listed under the titles of \"Making Rounds With Patrick Dempsey\", \"One on One with Ellen Pompeo\" and \"Prescription for Success: Making Jane Doe a Star\", respectively. The region 1 release featured footage from behind the scenes, under the title of \"In Stitches: Season 3 Outtakes\" and unaired scenes from nine episodes, including the season premiere and the finale, under the name of \"Dissecting Grey's Anatomy\". Omnipresent in the bonus material were executive producers Shonda Rhimes and Betsy Beers, providing their outlook on characters, actors and the production process. Currently ranked 2144th in Movies and Television on Amazon.com and 1713th in Film and Television on Amazon.co.uk, the box set received mixed reviews. Kelly West of Cinema Blend noted that the \"seriously extended episodes\" were not significantly expanded, only adding a few minutes of extra footage, which don't influence the storyline. She also noted a \"weakness\" in the audio commentary provided by four of the actresses, who she deemed to have been fantastic during the series, describing the features as \"random chit-chats\". However, she praised Sandra Oh's commentary, noting that she put the most effort in hers by trying to come up with interest topics, while being \"amusing and worth listening to\". She described the bonus features as \"mildly entertaining\", emphasizing Dempsey's interview about his passion for racing cars, which she regarded useless. \" USA Today\" had a positive perspective on the box set, by calling it \"scintillating\" and \"addictive\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other films?", "answer": {"text": "He starred as Dylan Gould in Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011).", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other TV shows?", "answer": {"text": "He also appeared as special guest star in The Practice for its three-episode finale season (8x13-8x15).", "answer_start": 1037, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebd3351f26f846f08b979abea5a18d5c_1_q#6", "question": "When did he start grays anatomy", "rewrite": "When did Patrick Dempsey start appearing in grays anatomy?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["How to Save a Life (Grey's Anatomy) \"How to Save a Life\" is the twenty-first episode of the eleventh season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and is the 69th episode overall. It aired on April 23, 2015 on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by showrunner Shonda Rhimes and directed by Rob Hardy, making it the first episode Rhimes has written since the season eight finale \"Flight\". The installment marked the death and final appearance of the series\u2019 male lead character, Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), who had starred on the series since its inception. In this episode, Shepherd is involved in an accident while attempting to help the victims of a car accident. He is later pronounced brain dead, in part due to the surgeons not providing him with a timely CT scan. Only six regular cast membersEllen Pompeo, Patrick Dempsey, Chandra Wilson, Kevin McKidd, Sarah Drew and Caterina Scorsone appear in the episode. \"How to Save a Life\" also marks the first appearance of Dr. Penelope Blake (Samantha Sloyan). The episode's original broadcast was watched by 9.55 million viewers and registered the show as the week's highest-rated drama and third-highest rated scripted series in the 18\u201349 demographic. It received mixed reviews from the critics who were divided on the show's handling of Shepherd's death. However, they were largely laudatory of Pompeo, with critic Rick Porter deeming it the best performance of her career. The episode opens with a flashback of a five-year-old Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) lost in a park. In the present, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), is on his way to Washington to resign from the President's brain mapping project.", "The bonus features were available on the seventh disc, including interviews with cast members Patrick Dempsey, Ellen Pompeo and Elizabeth Reaser, listed under the titles of \"Making Rounds With Patrick Dempsey\", \"One on One with Ellen Pompeo\" and \"Prescription for Success: Making Jane Doe a Star\", respectively. The region 1 release featured footage from behind the scenes, under the title of \"In Stitches: Season 3 Outtakes\" and unaired scenes from nine episodes, including the season premiere and the finale, under the name of \"Dissecting Grey's Anatomy\". Omnipresent in the bonus material were executive producers Shonda Rhimes and Betsy Beers, providing their outlook on characters, actors and the production process. Currently ranked 2144th in Movies and Television on Amazon.com and 1713th in Film and Television on Amazon.co.uk, the box set received mixed reviews. Kelly West of Cinema Blend noted that the \"seriously extended episodes\" were not significantly expanded, only adding a few minutes of extra footage, which don't influence the storyline. She also noted a \"weakness\" in the audio commentary provided by four of the actresses, who she deemed to have been fantastic during the series, describing the features as \"random chit-chats\". However, she praised Sandra Oh's commentary, noting that she put the most effort in hers by trying to come up with interest topics, while being \"amusing and worth listening to\". She described the bonus features as \"mildly entertaining\", emphasizing Dempsey's interview about his passion for racing cars, which she regarded useless. \" USA Today\" had a positive perspective on the box set, by calling it \"scintillating\" and \"addictive\".", "Give Peace a Chance (Grey's Anatomy) \"Give Peace a Chance\" is the seventh episode of the sixth season of the American television medical drama \"Grey's Anatomy\", and the show's 109th episode overall. Written by Peter Nowalk and directed by Chandra Wilson, the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on October 29, 2009. \"Grey's Anatomy\" centers on a group of young doctors in training. In this episode, Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey) performs an operation on a hospital technician's \"inoperable\" tumor, despite the objections of the chief of surgery, Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.). The episode was designed to revolve around Dempsey's character. Katherine Heigl (Dr. Izzie Stevens) was absent from the episode, as she was filming the 2010 blockbuster \"Life as We Know It\". Mark Saul, Jesse Williams, and Nora Zehetner returned as guest stars, while Faran Tahir made his only appearance. \" Give Peace a Chance\" won Wilson an NAACP Image Award, and was generally well received among critics, with Tahir's character particularly praised. The initial episode broadcast was ranked #4 for the night with 13.74 million viewers, and a 5.2/13 Nielsen rating/share in the 18\u201349 demographic. \"Give Peace a Chance\" opens with Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital's chief of surgery, Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) implementing a new computerized surgical scheduling system, which is disliked by many of the hospital's staff. Thereafter, Isaac (Faran Tahir), a hospital lab technician, brings Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey)", "If that's what you\u2019re looking for, I think you\u2019ll enjoy the season premiere just fine. \" Capshaw's performance this season was praised, with \"The TV Addict\" calling her \"immensely likeable\". Although \"Sympathy for the Parents\" was the least viewed episode, \"TV Fanatic\" called the episode \"touching\", praising Chambers' performance. \" TV Fanatic\"'s reaction to the season was fairly mixed, with Steve Marsi saying that \"Grey's Anatomy\" was facing an identity crisis after viewing \"Give Peace a Chance\". He said that: \"Still popular but lacking its past magic, it's trying to decide what to become. All we can say is that if it becomes what we saw 12 hours ago, we are all for it. Last week saw the doctors plunging into \"ER\"-style chaos with 12 different doctors giving 12 different accounts of one case. Last night, we saw something else equally unusual.\" He praised Patrick Dempsey's performance, saying: \"Again, it was a single case that took up the entire hour, but instead of 12 doctors' version of events, the focus was largely on just one, and the best one: Dr. Derek Shepherd. Patrick Dempsey's McDreamy character may be eye candy, but he's got substance. Last night's episode proved that in spades, and was one of the series' best in some time.\" The season's finale \"Death And All His Friends\" was highly praised. Marsi gave the episode five stars, and expressed that it may have been the best episode of the series, adding: \"The writing and acting were absolutely stellar, and may lead to many Emmy nominations, but even more impressively, despite a killing spree, it remained distinctly Grey's.", "Callie brings Penny to a dinner party hosted by Meredith, Amelia and Maggie. Once arriving Meredith immediately recognizes Penny as one of the doctors that worked on her husband, Derek Shepherd at the time of his death. This news brings much dismay to Callie, however she still continues into a relationship with Penny causing tension between herself, Meredith and Amelia Shepherd. Meredith begins working with Penny and finds it very difficult, although after seeking the advice of Richard Webber (James Pickens Jr.), Meredith forms a working relationship with Penny and the two form a student and mentor bond. Nathan Riggs (Martin Henderson), a friend of April's from Jordan, is hired by Bailey. He is revealed to have a dark history with Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), resulting in much friction between Hunt and Riggs, to the point where there is even a physical conflict. Amelia Shepherd (Caterina Scorsone) seeks to help Owen through his traumatic relationship with Riggs, although Owen does not accept the help offered to him by Amelia. This leads to Amelia feeling hurt and to her drinking, despite the fact that she is a recovering addict. On January 23, 2014 it was reported that Ellen Pompeo and Patrick Dempsey had renewed their contracts for another two seasons, as Drs. Meredith Grey and Derek Shepherd, respectively, meaning their characters would be staying on the medical drama for seasons 11 and 12. On April 24, 2015, Patrick Dempsey revealed that he would be leaving \"Grey's Anatomy\" after the eleventh season despite having a contract through another season. Thus, this will be the first season in which Dr. Derek Shepherd, portrayed by Patrick Dempsey, is not included in the main cast of characters. Dempsey's character Dr. Derek Shepherd was killed off towards the end of the eleventh season in the episode \""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick Dempsey do in the 90s?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey made a number of featured appearances in television in the 1990s; he was cast several times in pilots that were not picked up for a full season,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2007, Dempsey starred in the Disney film Enchanted, and the Paramount Pictures film Freedom Writers,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other films?", "answer": {"text": "He starred as Dylan Gould in Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011).", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other TV shows?", "answer": {"text": "He also appeared as special guest star in The Practice for its three-episode finale season (8x13-8x15).", "answer_start": 1037, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#0", "question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "rewrite": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Apex East Recording - 15 song CD (2007) Rock Candy Produced by Dave O'Donnell e-vil records - 10 song CD (1997)  VINYL SINGLES & EP's \" Juiced Up b/w Mama Blew a Hoody\" Produced by Dave O'Donnell Feralette Records - 7\u201d single (1995) America\u2019s Only Rock & Roll Magazine Parody 10\u201d EP Produced by Ben Vaughn Sympathy for the Record Industry - 4 songs (1994) Shake b/w Wild Love Produced by Ben Vaughn Sympathy for the Record Industry - 7\u201d single (1992) Bad Word for a Good Thing b/w Friggs Theme\" Produced by Ben Vaughn Telstar Records - 7\u201d single (1992) \"Come Now b/w Dance of Love Produced by Ben Vaughn Apex Recording Service - 7 \u201d single (1991)  COMPILATIONS Music to Read Carbon 14 By vol. 1 compilation C14 Records - 1 song (2005) How Many Bands Does It Take to Screw Up a Blondie Tribute Sympathy for the Record Industry - 1 song (2004) Alright, This Time Just the Girls compilation Sympathy for the Record Industry - 1 song (2004) Their Sympathetic Majesties Request vol. 2 compilation Sympathy for the Record Industry - 1 song (2003) Jawbreaker Movie soundtrack CD London Records - 1 song (1998) Their Sympathetic Majesties Request vol. 1 compilation Sympathy for the Record Industry - 1 song (1998) Today\u2019s Top Girl Groups, Vol.1 Produced by Ben Vaughn Spinout Records - 1 song (1998) Season\u2019s Greetings Philadelphia Christmas compilation Record Cellar Records - 1 song (1997) Turban Renewal - Sam the Sham tribute LP/CD Produced by Bruce Bennett Norton Records - 1 song (1994) Carbon 14 Magazine Give Away EP Produced by Ben Vaughn C14 Records - 1 song (1994)", "Gala Water The Gala Water (Lowland Scots: Gala Watter; Scottish Gaelic An Geal Ath) is a river in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland and a tributary of the River Tweed. It is sometimes known as the \"Gala\", which nickname is also shared with Galashiels, which it flows through. The \"Braw Lads O Gala Watter\" is a song about people from Galashiels. The name \"Gala\" may be from the Old English \"galga\" meaning \"gallows\" (Scots \"galwe\"), perhaps by back-formation from Galashiels. Or else, \"Gala\" may originally be from Brittonic, and derived from \"*g\u0101l\" meaning \"enmity, hatred\" (Welsh \"g\u00e2l\"), or cognate to the Welsh verb \"galw\", \"call\" (Cornish \"galow\", \"a call\"). The river may share an etymology with Gala Lane in Ayrshire, which flows into Loch Doon.", "The last Pringle of that Ilk died in 1737, after which the principal family became the Pringles of Stitchill, the lands of which were acquired c.1630. Of this latter house, Sir Robert was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia in 1683 and, although the lands have now been sold, the Baronetcy has survived into the 21st century. The original seat of the Chief of Clan Pringle was at Hoppringle and later at Torsonce on the Gala Water in Scotland. The Pringles also built: Smailholm Tower, Buckholm Tower, Torwoodlee Tower and House, Old Gala House, Whytbank Tower, Yair House, Stichill House and the Haining House in Selkirk. The Pringles also owned at various times: Greenknowe Tower and Craigcrook Castle. The Chief of Clan Pringle is unknown at present. The Hoppringles of that ilk, afterwards the Pringles of Torsonce, on Gala Water, were the Chiefs of the clan and the senior branch of the family. The last Clan Chief was John Hoppringle of that Ilk and Torsonce, who died on 21 December 1737. His only daughter, Margaret, married Gilbert Pringle, 2nd son of the 2nd Baronet of Stitchill, carried the estates and arms into that branch of the family. The Clan Pringle Association is actively trying to trace the rightful Clan Chief. There have been two Baronetcies created for members of the Scottish Pringle family. One for the Pringles of Stichill, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia created in 1683, the current holder of which is Sir Norman Murray Pringle of Stitchill, 10th Baronet.", "Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" also praised \"Titus\" and gave it three and a half out of four stars, referring to the source material as \"the least of Shakespeare's tragedies\" and concluding, \"Anyone who doesn't enjoy this film for what it is must explain: How could it be more? This is the film Shakespeare's play deserves, and perhaps even a little more.\" Scott Tobias of \"The A.V. Club\" wrote that \"\"Titus\" strikes a near-impossible balance between magnificently cracked high camp and a more serious statement about corruption and the cycle of violence\" and that \"[Taymor's] forceful adaptation builds to a glorious payoff and Cumming's flamboyant performance alone \u2014he's a sort of fascist Pee-wee Herman\u2014seems enough to ensure \"Titus\" lasting cult status.\" Robin Askew wrote in a 2016 article for \"Bristol24-7\" that the film is \"brilliant and daring if under-appreciated.\" The film received one nomination at the 72nd Academy Awards for Best Costume Design, but lost to \"Topsy-Turvy\".", "Bow Castle Broch Bow Castle is the remains of an iron-age broch near the Gala Water, in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, in the parish of Stow. It is a scheduled monument. Bow Castle () stands on level ground on the edge of a steep slope southwest of the valley of the Gala Water. The broch has a wall 4.1 metres thick, enclosing an area 9.7 metres in diameter. The broch is one of only three remaining in the Borders; the other two are Torwoodlee Broch, and Edin's Hall Broch. It was excavated in 1890 when pottery, including some 2nd-century Roman amphora fragments, were found. In 1922 a 2nd-century Roman enamelled bronze brooch in the form of a cockerel was found among the ruins of the wall. Information concerning the dating and use of the broch is limited due to the lack of modern excavations. However, Torwoodlee Broch, two miles to the north, was built and destroyed during the Roman occupations of southern Scotland and it is likely that Bow Castle shared a similar history."], "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#1", "question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "rewrite": "Which location(s) was Shakespeare in Love filmed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Phil Kerslake Philip Trevor Kerslake (born 24 May 1959) is a Welsh-born New Zealand speaker, author and television presenter who has appeared on the weekday morning series, \"Good Morning\" and in other New Zealand media. He is also a cancer survivor. Kerslake experienced symptoms of a lymphoma at age 14 or 15, and when he was 19 in 1979, he was given a terminal prognosis. He wrote of his experiences in the 2006 book \"Life, Happiness... and Cancer: Survive with action and attitude!\" (). The book was published in Australia in 2008 and in Africa and Poland in 2010, each through different publishers. It was later published in paperback in Australia by Fontaine Press, and as an e-book through Amazon.com in 2013. Kerslake gives talks to cancer patients, cancer support professionals and medical professionals on the use of psychosocial (mind-body-spirit) support measures to help patients cope with their experiences. In Vienna, Austria in June 2007, his work in cancer support was recognised with an international \"Re-Building Lives Award\". In 2011 the American Cancer Society appointed Kerslake a \"Global Hero of Hope\". In the 2014 New Year Honours, Kerslake was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to people with cancer. Kerslake worked until December 2008 as a leadership coach and presenter, from his company Life Paths Ltd. He now divides his time between volunteer work in cancer patient support and full-time paid employment. He lives in Wellington, New Zealand with his wife Gillian and their two sons.", "Gorni Lom Gorni Lom () is a village in north-western Bulgaria, Vidin Province. The population of Gorni Lom is 784. The village is situated in a mountainous region, on the upper stream of the Lom River. It is located in the foot of Midzhur, the highest peak in western Stara Planina. Gorni Lom is a starting point for the tourists who climb Midzhur. Most of the village inhabitants work in a factory producing explosives or in the five small hydropower plants on the river. Significant part of the population is employed by the nearby Ammo Plant Videx (Former Midzhur Ammo Plant). On 1 October 2014, in the former Midzhur Ammo Plant owned by Videx AD, a blast killed 15 workers and completely demolished the factory. The explosion happened at 16:59 local time, killing 13 men and two women and injuring three other women. According to authorities, an unspecified \"human error\" caused the explosion. Following the incident, 3 October 2014 was declared a Day of National Mourning.", "In lines 1 and 2, Shakespeare explains that even though he was angry at his lover for favoring other poets, he was never unfaithful. Furthermore, in lines 3 and 4, Shakespeare continues use of the idea that his lover is a reflection of himself by saying \"As from my soul which in thy breast doth lie\". Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) When Shakespeare's sonnets on the theme of poetry as perpetuation lead to arguments that support the complex and metaphysical aspects of love, there is a conviction that Shakespeare is wrestling with the notion of time and love fighting one another. Love and time are always changing, dimming, growing, and suffering together, but in the end Shakespeare allows readers to feel that love itself is the \"defier of time\". In the second quatrain Shakespeare resembles his fondness to that of a traveler returning home punctually. Yet while suggesting his travels have been long, he arrives nonetheless back, unchanged by the flow of time. His love resisting all effects of time perpetuates the meaningfulness of his endearment. His internal and genuine love proceeds from the beauty he views in his passion for himself and for his lover. It is separable and inseparable, with time and timeless. It is worthwhile to devote some attention to the immutable passion of love in a world of change and short-lived mortality that Shakespeare elaborates on. While the reader searches for the answer of whose love Shakespeare pines for, the question will remain timeless just as this poem and his message. Volta and Couplet Here Shakespeare lays all of his cards out onto the table with the volta, or shift of mood. The use of the word \"rose\" in the second line of the couplet is especially notable.", "2014 Gorni Lom explosions The 2014 Gorni Lom explosions were a series of explosions that began on the afternoon of October 1, 2014, at 16:59 pm local time at the former Midzhur Ammo Plant in the village of Gorni Lom, in Bulgaria's northwestern Vidin Province. The series of blasts completely destroyed the factory, killing 13 men and 2 women who were inside and injuring 3 others who were some distance away. As a result of the blast, October 3 was declared a day of national mourning in the country. The main explosion took place at 16:59 pm local time, with a large secondary blast taking place at 21:45 pm. The approximately 15 people who were working inside the factory at the time of the first explosion are presumed to have died instantly, while 3 female workers in the vicinity of the complex suffered injuries from flying glass and shrapnel. Authorities estimated around 10 tonnes of highly explosive chemicals were stored at the site, in addition to the weapons being dismantled. According to Nikola Nikolov, the head of the interior ministry's civil defense force, the blasts were powerful enough to completely destroy the main buildings in the plant, leaving huge craters the size of football fields behind and sending debris flying up to a kilometer away. The workers were reportedly dismantling old Greek mines at the time of the accident in Gorni Lom, approximately 145 km northwest of Bulgaria's capital Sofia. The same plant had received several urgent citations by authorities just two months prior to the accident, notifying the owners of outdated equipment, improperly stored explosives and a larger amount of munitions at the site than it could safely handle. The same plant suffered two blasts in 2007 and 2010 that injured a total of 6 people and flattened two separate buildings.", "List of William Shakespeare screen adaptations The \"Guinness Book of Records\" lists 410 feature-length film and TV versions of William Shakespeare's plays, making Shakespeare the most filmed author ever in any language. , the Internet Movie Database lists Shakespeare as having writing credit on 1,371 films, including those under production but not yet released. The earliest known production is \"King John\" from 1899. \"NOTE: \" ShakespeaRe-Told\", \" The Animated Shakespeare\" and \"BBC Television Shakespeare\" series have been covered above, under the respective play performed in each episode. Three further episodes were filmed but never edited or screened. They were to be called \"Using the Prose\", \"Using the Sonnets\" and \"Contemporary Shakespeare\". Their text can be read in the book \"Playing Shakespeare\" by John Barton."], "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#2", "question": "Were there any issues during production?", "rewrite": "Were there any issues during production of Shakespeare in Love?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Under Milk Wood\", and the New York premiere of D. H. Lawrence's \"The Tarnished Phoenix\". The week-long residency drew sell-out crowds at its two venues, the All Angels Episcopal Church at Lincoln Center, and The Shakespeare Center - the home of the Riverside Shakespeare Company, located in West Park Presbyterian Church at Amsterdam Avenue and West 86th Street in Manhattan. The Host Committee for \"The Shakespeare Project\" included Henry Guettel, Leonard Bernstein, Helen Hayes, Bernard Jacobs, John V. Lindsay, Joseph Papp and George Plimpton. According to \"The New York Times\", until the launching of The Shakespeare Project in 1983, \"the Royal Shakespeare Company's actors had never conducted their workshops in New York City and never been open to actors in addition to students.\" On the opening night of \"The Shakespeare Project\", Christopher Ravenscroft of the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of \"Nicholas Nickleby\" was quoted by Marilyn Stasio of \"The New York Post\", observing:  To this, John Kane, who created the role of Puck in Peter Brook's seminal production of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", added:  Edwin Richfield, whose roles at the Royal Shakespeare Company included Friar Lawrence in \"Romeo and Juliet\" said: Heather Canning, who appeared in the Royal Shakespeare Company production of Marat/Sade on Broadway, noted:  About \"The Shakespeare Project\", Joseph Papp, head of the New York Shakespeare Festival said, \"\"The Shakespeare Project\" provides a unique opportunity for New Yorkers to have exposure to actors from one of the leading Shakespeare ensembles, The Royal Shakespeare Company.", "(Show of Strength 1996) \"King Lear\" and \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2000) \"Measure for Measure\" and \"Coriolanus\" ( Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2001 \u2013 Peter Brook/Empty Space Award) \"The Winter's Tale'' and \"Twelfth Night\"\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2002) \"Troilus & Cressida\" and \"As You Like It\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2003) \"Macbeth\" and Middleton & Rowley's \"The Changeling\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2004 at the Tobacco Factory and the Barbican Pit) \"Pericles\" and Chekhov's \"Three Sisters\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2005) \"Titus Andronicus\" and \"Love's Labours Lost\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2006) \"Othello\" and \"Much Ado about Nothing\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2007) \"The Taming of the Shrew'\"' (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2008) \"Julius Caesar\" and \"Antony & Cleopatra\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2009) Chekhov's \"Uncle Vanya\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory & Bristol Old Vic Co-production, Theatre Royal, 2009, and Galway Festival 2010) \"The Tempest\" and \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2010) Moli\u00e8re /Tony Harrison's \"The Misanthrope\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory & Bristol Old Vic Co-production, Theatre Royal, 2010)  \"Richard II\" (SATTF 2011) \"The Comedy of Errors\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory and Exeter Northcott, 2011) \"King Lear\" ( Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2012) Chekhov's \"The Cherry Orchard\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory and Kingston Rose 2012)", "Nashville Shakespeare Festival The Nashville Shakespeare Festival is a Shakespeare festival in Nashville, Tennessee. The Nashville Shakespeare Festival (NSF) originated as the political theatre group Theatrevolution. Theatrevolution was started by theatre director Chambers Stevens, community organizer Ty Brown, Brenda Fowinkle, and Donald Capparella (who is still on the board today), as a way to raise awareness of current political issues. After their first production of \"The Normal Heart\" by Larry Kramer, which dealt with the AIDS crisis, the company started to work with the State of Tennessee, dramatizing social issues for the judicial system. Anxious to get back to their theatrical roots, in 1988 Theatrevolution decided to produce a free Shakespeare play in Centennial Park in Nashville. Chambers Stevens, Chuck Guy, Ty Brown and Brenda Fowinkle founded and incorporated the Nashville Shakespeare Festival, whose first production was \"As You Like It\" by William Shakespeare and opened in the rain on August 5, 1988. Clara Hieronymus, the critic for \"The Tennessean\", gave the production a rave review after watching the entire show holding an umbrella. That summer, more than 1,000 audience members attended the six performances. Each summer 10,000 to 15,000 audience members now attend. Since 1988, 200,000 people have attended Shakespeare in the Park. These fully staged, professional productions are presented free of charge to the public. In 1992, The Festival began offering short Shakespeare productions to Nashville public schools. Over 150,000 students have seen these performances. These tours have led to partnerships with the Nashville Institute for the Arts and the Tennessee Performing Arts Center's Humanities Outreach in Tennessee, which assisted the Festival in producing other classics such as \"The Belle of Amherst\", \"The Little Prince\", and \"Rip Van Winkle\" to supplement the company's Shakespearean offerings.", "Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival The Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival (formerly Summer Shakespeare) at the University of Notre Dame is an annual festival that seeks to combine professional productions of the works of William Shakespeare with community outreach and educational programs. The Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival is a part of the University of Notre Dame's Shakespeare initiative entitled \"Shakespeare at Notre Dame\", a program that recognizes the centrality of the study of Shakespeare in humanistic pedagogy at the University. Its fifteenth season (summer of 2014) was known as the 15/150, also celebrating the 450th birthday of William Shakespeare, and the 150th anniversary of the first full production of Shakespeare at the university in 1864 (Records indicate the first performance of Shakespeare at the University of Notre Dame took place in 1847, a collection of scenes also from \"Henry IV). \" The anniversary season consisted of the Professional Company production of \"Henry IV\" (directed by Michael Goldberg), the Young Company performance of \"The Merry Wives of Windsor\" (directed by West Hyler), and the annual ShakeScenes shows featuring actors of all ages from South Bend and the surrounding community. The Notre Dame Shakespeare Festival, (the professional theatre in residence at the University of Notre Dame), is a direct outgrowth of an experimental course called \"Shakespeare in Performance\" created in 1989 by Dr. Paul Rathburn, NDSF's founder. The premise of this course was that Shakespeare's works are both theatrical scripts and literary texts and are illuminated best through work in both the theater and in the classroom. It began in the summer of 2000 with the program's inaugural production, \"The Taming of the Shrew\", but has since evolved to include guest artists and productions, the ShakeScenes community program, and a Young Company production produced and staffed entirely by Notre Dame and Saint Mary's students.", "Austin Shakespeare Austin Shakespeare is a professional, classical theater production and education company located in Austin, Texas, USA. Multiple annual productions are cast by audition from a mix of Actor's Equity or Non-Equity, visiting or local, and company alumni or new actors. Performers of all ethnic and racial backgrounds are encouraged to audition. Austin Shakespeare is a Resident Company of the Long Center for the Performing Arts. The annual Shakespeare Under the Stars free production in Zilker Park, as of 2016, has been performed for 32 years. In 2013, the company mounted a production off-Broadway in New York City. Although the foundation of the company's repertoire comes from the plays of William Shakespeare, other classical, high language plays from the likes of Tom Stoppard, Euripides, Tennessee Williams, Oscar Wilde, and No\u00ebl Coward have been performed. In 2015, a Stephen Sondheim musical in concert kicked off the new season. Austin Shakespeare is passionate about providing theater education for all ages. The Shakespeare 20/20 program exposes students to viewing and performing the Bard's works in the classroom under the guidance of professional actors. Shakespeare Idol is an annual monologue and scene performance by area secondary students before a live audience. It includes a workshop and evaluations by a panel of professional judges. Young Shakespeare, a teen company, annually presents Shakespeare plays at a recreation of The Globe Theater with the assistance of professional direction and creative team. Shakespeare Aloud, a weekly reading group involves interested adults in hearing and reading the verse of Shakespeare. Austin Shakespeare, founded in 1984, is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization with a legal name of Austin Shakespeare Festival Company,"], "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Roberts withdrawing from the film?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Orient tricycle The Orient tricycle was an early motorized tricycle (classified as a motorcycle under some definitions). It was manufactured by Charles H. Metz's Waltham Manufacturing Company in Waltham, Massachusetts and advertised in 1899 as a \"motor cycle\", the first use of the term in a published catalog. Orient advertised that the single-person tricycle could be converted to a two-person four wheeled \"autogo\" in five minutes. A 1900 Orient appeared in The Art of the Motorcycle exhibition at Guggenheim Museum in New York. Specifications in infobox to the right are from Garson, and from Krens.", "Besides boldly map-identified large features such as urban development, highway patterns, canals, bridges, and airports, the images showed other viewer-identifiable cultural and natural mapped and unmapped items such as agricultural field patterns, drainage patterns, forested versus open areas (usually revealed by bright returns from near-range sides of wooded areas and shadows along their far-range sides), qualitative relief patterns (revealed by variations of slope tones), large surface-mining operations, and well-defined shorelines bordering no-return areas representing smooth water surfaces. In high-relief (mountain) areas, the obliquity effects produced irregular swath-edge lines on maps and similar \u201clayover\u201d of images of elevated surface features onto nearer-range and lower-elevation \u201cmap\u201d locations. Some results of the experiment provided vivid demonstrations that images having Quill's detail (and even considerably coarser detail, such as that of the 14-years-later civilian SEASAT spacecraft) would indeed be useful for wide-area environmental monitoring and research studies of the earth and other planets. One especially notable such image showed, in spite of intervening dense cloud cover and very heavy rainfall, a clear depiction of not only the extent of flooding of a Pacific coastal area, but also the extent of the debris-laden invasion of a river's flood current several miles into the ocean, an information-gathering capability not otherwise available. Another pair of images, one from ascending orbit 24 and the other from descending orbit 30, showed changes in both the locations and rotations of movable Great Lakes ice during the 9\u00bd-hour interval between the two imagings. To preserve return-signal strength, Quill's range from its target areas had been minimized by using an unusually steep depression angle.", "Smart Alex Smart Alex is the third studio album by punk band the Adicts. It was released in September 1985 by Razor Records. It was re-released by Captain Oi! Records in 2002 and by SOS Records in 2006, each with bonus tracks including the \"Falling in Love Again \" EP. In 2002, Taang! Records reissued the album along with \"Sound of Music\" and bonus tracks as \"The Collection\". The same \"Smart Alex\" disc with bonus tracks was released individually in 2004.", "The Color Run was featured on an episode of ABC\u2019s \"Extreme Weightloss\" which aired on September 2, 2014. A Color Run was filmed for Australian soap opera Home and Away in October 2014, which was broadcast on April 7, 2015. The Color Run was honored as the \"Best B2C Marketing Team\" at the 2014 Utah Marketing Awards. Travis Snyder, founder and CEO of The Color Run, was selected as part of the \"Utah Business Magazine\" \"2015 Forty under 40\". He was the keynote speaker at Running USA\u2019s \"The Next Evolution\" conference held June 2015 in Chicago, with a focus on non-traditional races. \" Runners World\" named Snyder one of \"The 50 Most Influential People in Running\" for his innovation, social media savvy, and strategic influence in the running industry. The Color Run LLC in 2016 was ranked number 3420 on Inc. 5000 list of top 5000 fastest growing private companies. On 27 June 2015 a serious outdoors dust explosion occurred in Taiwan's New Taipei City due to colored cornstarch powder, injuring over 500 participants and causing 15 deaths. This brought public attention to the possible health and safety dangers of airborne powders such as the combustible starch powder used by The Color Run. The Taiwanese authorities have since banned events islandwide involving combustible colored powder. On 30 June 2015 the Singapore Police Force (SPF) and Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) said in a joint statement that they will assess all safety aspects associated with the use of colored powder before granting approval for the upcoming Color Run event to be held in Singapore. Additional measures such as changing the colored powder to non-combustible materials such as colored water mist may be required before the event is given approval to proceed. Due to ongoing safety concerns, Shanghai called off its Color Run.", "Beam Invader Beam Invader is a shoot 'em up arcade game released in 1979 by Tekunon Kougyou. It is one of several clones of \"Space Invaders\" which was released the previous year. Unlike the original game, this game uses a paddle as the movement control device rather than a joystick or left/right buttons."], "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#4", "question": "Who was Zwick?", "rewrite": "Who was Zwick in Shakespeare in Love?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Luis Zwick Luis Maria Zwick (born 24 May 1994) is a German professional goalkeeper for 1. FC Schweinfurt 05. Zwick rose to prominence in his youth after winning the starting spot at Dundee United aged just 21, making 17 appearances in the Scottish Premiership. Following the arrival of Japanese international Eiji Kawashima, Zwick moved to German 3. Liga club Hansa Rostock. With playing time limited, he joined Hertha Berlin II on loan and in 2018, parted ways with Rostock and transferred to Regionalliga Nordost side, FSV Optik Rathenow. Born in Berlin, Germany, Zwick played for Teltower FV 1913, a youth football team, from the age of seven. Zwick began his career as a left midfielder, before becoming a goalkeeper in 2007. He moved to Hertha 03 Zehlendorf in 2009. Zwick signed for his first professional football club in 2014, playing for the development squad of Dundee United as an amateur. In 2015, he signed a professional contract with the club. He made his senior d\u00e9but on 2 August 2015, in a 1\u20130 loss to Aberdeen in the opening match of the 2014\u201315 Scottish Premiership season. On 8 August, Zwick kept a clean sheet in a 2\u20130 away win against Motherwell, on his second appearance for United. Zwick was released by Dundee United when his contract expired at the end of the 2016-17 season. Returning to Germany, he signed for 3. Liga club Hansa Rostock in June 2017. Only two months later and without having earned a cap, he left Rostock and joined fourth tier side Hertha BSC II on a season-long loan.", "Following the 2003 season, Zwick was expected by most to be the replacement to the departing Krenzel. He began the 2004 season, his sophomore year of eligibility, as the starter, and started the first six games of the year. During the game against Iowa, Zwick was forced to leave with an injury, opening the door for Troy Smith. Smith's exciting style of play kept him in the starting role, rendering Zwick to the backup position. He would return to the starter's role for the Alamo Bowl following Smith's suspension from the team, and led the Buckeyes to a dominating 33-7 victory over the Oklahoma State Cowboys. Zwick completed 17 of his 27 passing attempts for 189 yards in the bowl game. The following season, controversy abounded in Columbus over which player should be the starting quarterback. Zwick started the season opener against Miami (OH), because Smith was still suspended, and the following game against Texas. Many fans feel that Ohio State lost that game because of their indecisiveness at the quarterback position, with Zwick and Smith subbing in and out for most of the game. After the loss against Texas, Smith was named the team's full-time starter. Zwick would appear in four more games that season, after the Buckeyes had comfortable leads and the games were well in hand. Zwick got his first professional experience with the Indianapolis Colts, who invited him to mini-camp on a tryout basis. Zwick got an opportunity to work with his idol, Peyton Manning, but was not offered a contract following this chance. He was subsequently signed by the Carolina Panthers on June 11, 2007, between their mini-camp and training camp. However, he was released on July 9, prior to the start of training camp.", "W. Craig Zwick William Craig Zwick (born June 10, 1947) has been a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1995. Zwick was born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He served as a missionary for the LDS Church in Argentina. Richard G. Scott of the Quorum of the Twelve was one of Zwick's mission presidents. While serving on this mission he worked on his first LDS Church chapel construction project. Prior to his call as a general authority, Zwick served as president of the church's Chile Santiago South Mission. Since becoming a general authority, he has served as president of the church's Brazil, Brazil South, and North America Northeast areas. He has also served in the presidencies of the Europe West and Europe Central areas. In 2011, he was appointed an Assistant Executive Director of both the church's Missionary and Correlation departments. In 2014, he served temporarily as president of the Puerto Rico San Juan Mission. On September 30, 2017, Zwick was released and designated an emeritus general authority. He gave his final address in General Conference the following day. Zwick received a degree in business management and finance from the University of Utah. Zwick started working for his father's construction company, Zwick Construction Inc. and eventually became the owner and operator. They built many hospitals and schools. The company also frequently performed construction jobs for the LDS Church. These projects included the Family History Library, the South Visitors Center on Temple Square, the Museum of Church History and Art, and the Portland Oregon Temple. He also worked for three years as executive director of the Utah Department of Transportation. Zwick married Janet Johnson and they are the parents of four children. One of his children, Spencer, served with Mitt Romney in Massachusetts and then on Romney's 2012 presidential campaign as national finance chair.", "The original idea for Shakespeare in Love came to screenwriter Marc Norman in the late 1980s after a rudimentary pitch from his son Zachary. Norman wrote a draft screenplay which he presented to director Edward Zwick, which attracted Julia Roberts, who agreed to play Viola. However, Zwick disliked Norman's screenplay and hired the playwright Tom Stoppard to improve it (Stoppard's first major success had been with the Shakespeare-themed play Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead). The film went into production in 1991 at Universal, with Zwick as director, but although sets and costumes were in construction, Shakespeare had not yet been cast, because Roberts insisted that only Daniel Day-Lewis could play the role. Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin. The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay. Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director. Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn. The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings. The scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt was re-shot, to make it more emotional, and some lines were re-recorded to clarify the reasons why Viola had to marry Wessex. The ending was re-shot several times, until Stoppard eventually came up with the idea of Viola suggesting to Shakespeare that their parting could inspire his next play.", "Edward Zwick Edward M. Zwick (born October 8, 1952) is an American filmmaker and producer of film and television. He has worked primarily in the comedy-drama and epic historical film genres, including \"About Last Night, Glory, Legends of the Fall,\" and \"The Last Samurai. \" He is also the co-creator of the television series \"thirtysomething\" and \"Once and Again\". Zwick's prolific body of work has earned numerous accolades, including an Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Picture, and Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Writing in a Limited Series, and Outstanding Dramatic Special. He has additionally been nominated for multiple Golden Globe Awards. Zwick was born into a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Ruth Ellen (n\u00e9e Reich) and Allen Zwick. He attended New Trier High School, received an A.B. at Harvard in 1974, and attended the AFI Conservatory, graduating with a Master of Fine Arts degree in 1975. His films include \"Glory\" (1989), \"Legends of the Fall\" (1994), \"The Siege\" (1998), \"The Last Samurai\" (2003), \"Blood Diamond\" (2006), and \"Defiance\" (2008). Along with Marshall Herskovitz, Zwick runs a film production company called The Bedford Falls Company (inspired by the name of the town featured in Frank Capra's \"It's A Wonderful Life\"). This company has produced such notable films as \"Traffic\" and \"Shakespeare in Love\" and the TV shows \"thirtysomething\", \"Relativity\", \"Once and Again\", and \"My So-Called Life\". He was one of the recipients of the Academy Award for Best Picture for \"Shakespeare in Love\"; he was also nominated in the same category for \"Traffic\"."], "answer": {"text": "Zwick as director,", "answer_start": 540}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#5", "question": "WHich studio deventually produced the film?", "rewrite": "Which studio eventually produced the film Shakespeare in Love?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Beitstad (municipality) Beitstad () is a former municipality in what was Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag county, Norway. The municipality existed from 1838 until its dissolution in 1964. The municipality encompassed what is now the northeastern part of the municipality of Steinkjer in Tr\u00f8ndelag county. Beitstad was originally quite large, but by 1964, it included the areas east of the Beitstadsundet and Hjellbotn bay and north of the inner-most parts of the Trondheimsfjorden. The administrative centre was the village of Beitstad where Beitstad Church is located. The parish of \"Bedstaden\" was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). In 1846, the neighboring municipality of Nummedalseidet to the north was merged with Bedstaden. The spelling was later changed to Beitstad. On 1 January 1904, the northern district of Nummedalseidet (population: 1,368) was separated from Beitstad to create the new municipality of Namdalseid (again, this was the same area that joined Beitstad in 1846). The split left Beitstad with 2,946 inhabitants. On 1 July 1913 another split took place. All of Beitstad located west of the Beitstadsundet strait and Hjellbotn bay (population: 993) was established as the separate municipality of Malm, leaving Beitstad with a population of 1,934. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee.", "Thomas Bilson was the eldest son of Herman Bilson, grandson of Arnold Bilson, whose wife is said to have been a daughter of the Duke of Bavaria. Later editions highlight that William Twisse was a nephew. Bilson was educated at the twin foundations of William de Wykeham, Winchester College and New College, Oxford. He began to distinguish himself as a poet until, on receiving ordination, he gave himself wholly to theological studies. He was soon made Prebendary of Winchester, and headmaster of the College there until 1579 and Warden from 1581 to 1596. His pupils there included John Owen, and Thomas James, whom he influenced in the direction of patristics. In 1596, he was made Bishop of Worcester, where he found Warwick uncomfortably full of recusant Roman Catholics. For appointment in 1597 to the wealthy see of Winchester, he paid a \u00a3400 annuity to Elizabeth I. As the Bishop of Winchester, Thomas Bilson would have resided at Winchester Palace, where today in Clink Street, Southwark, London SE1 \u2013 there is only one remaining wall of the palace \u2013 with a magnificent rose window measuring thirteen feet across. However, back in the sixteenth century, Winchester Palace was a splendorous site and would have looked very similar to the waterfront house of 'Sir Robert De Lesseps' depicted in the film Shakespeare in Love.", "Talk Radio with writer Tad Savinar in person; The Lusty Men (set in and partially shot at the Pendleton Round-up); \"City Girl\" by F.W. Murnau, shot on location in Athena, Oregon (with a score composed by John Paul and performed by a string quartet; A Soldier's Tale by Penny Allen, and James Ivory's first international hit film Shakespeare Wallah, with James Ivory in person. The special Oregon Cartoon Institute day at the festival featured Bill Plympton. In 2010, the OCI in partnership with Karl Lind Films produced a video featuring Patrick Rosenkranz and Charles Boucher, profiling the influence of two Oregon artists, Carl Barks and Basil Wolverton, on Robert Crumb. It was released during Portland Art Museum\u2019s 2010 exhibit of Robert Crumb\u2019s The Book Of Genesis exhibit. In June 2011 the OCI produced The Mel Blanc Project, a public history/arts education partnership between Oregon Cartoon Institute, Oregon Jewish Museum, Ethos Music Center, Oregon Historical Society and Portland State University \u2019s School of Fine and Performing Arts. The project included a lecture series with eight guest lecturers in six events at three venues and an eight part film series. It also featured a walking tour of Mel Blanc's Portland neighborhood. Portland Mayor Sam Adams declared June 29, 2011 to be Mel Blanc Day. Funding came from the Kinsman Foundation and the Miller Foundation. In 2013 the OCI produced Harry Smith PDX, a public history/arts education project which included a panel discussion, an evening of films and a five-hour series of interactive presentations free to the public. May 16\u201319, 2013 in Portland featuring twelve guest speakers in three events at two venues. Included was the Harry Smith Seance at the Hollywood Theatre on May 16, 2013.", "Jiju Asokan Jiju Asokan (born May 18, 1977) is an Indian film director and Scriptwriter best known for his work in Malayalam cinema Jiju Asokan Profile. Jiju Asokan was born in Padiyoor,Kerala to Asokan E.k and Valsala Asokan. Jiju Asokan completed his school education from SNVLP School,Padiyoor and HDPHSS Edathirinji. Later he completed his degree from Christ College, Irinjalakuda and st theresa's kottakkal. Jiju Asokan Started the Career of writing by and Publishing many short stories in Mathrubhumi \u201cBalapangthi\u201d. He made his debut as Scriptwriter of the film Oridathoru Puzhayundu which won the Kerala State Film Award in 2007. His next project was Malayalam film Shakespeare M.A. Malayalam. He was worked as an assistant director to Malayalam film director Jijo Appachan and made his debut as director with the film Last Bench, which participated in the film marketing workshop of 10th international film festival of kerala. Jiju's second directorial venture Urumbukal Urangarilla was released in 2015. His third movie Premasoothram (2018) released in May 2018.", "Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" also praised \"Titus\" and gave it three and a half out of four stars, referring to the source material as \"the least of Shakespeare's tragedies\" and concluding, \"Anyone who doesn't enjoy this film for what it is must explain: How could it be more? This is the film Shakespeare's play deserves, and perhaps even a little more.\" Scott Tobias of \"The A.V. Club\" wrote that \"\"Titus\" strikes a near-impossible balance between magnificently cracked high camp and a more serious statement about corruption and the cycle of violence\" and that \"[Taymor's] forceful adaptation builds to a glorious payoff and Cumming's flamboyant performance alone \u2014he's a sort of fascist Pee-wee Herman\u2014seems enough to ensure \"Titus\" lasting cult status.\" Robin Askew wrote in a 2016 article for \"Bristol24-7\" that the film is \"brilliant and daring if under-appreciated.\" The film received one nomination at the 72nd Academy Awards for Best Costume Design, but lost to \"Topsy-Turvy\"."], "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director.", "answer_start": 972}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Zwick?", "answer": {"text": "Zwick as director,", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#6", "question": "Were there more changes in the cast and crew?", "rewrite": "Were there more changes in the cast and crew of Shakespeare in Love?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Judith enters and scolds Shakespeare; Shakespeare tells her that after temporarily abandoning her mother, he tried to love Judith with money, but ended up making her materialistic and vulgar. She leaves him, and as he sits alone in the snow, several dark figures run by backstage, and a gunshot is heard. The Old Woman comes to bring Shakespeare home. Shakespeare is in bed, half delirious, repeating the phrase \"Was anything done? \" Judith and her mother knock on the door calling for Shakespeare to let them in, gradually becoming hysterical when he does not respond, until finally he slips his will to them under the door and they leave. The Son enters, and tells Shakespeare that in a scuffle with Combe's men he shot his father, the Old Man. Combe enters, and the Son hypocritically accuses him of shooting the Old Man. While Combe and the Son argue, Shakespeare takes poison pills he had taken from Jonson. Combe and the Son leave, unaware that Shakespeare is dying. Judith enters, and paying no care to her dying father, she ransacks the room looking for money or a second will. Bingo was first presented at the Northcott Theatre, Devon on 14 November 1973. It was directed by Jane Howell and John Dove, with the following cast: It was revived at the Young Vic Theatre, opening 16 Feb 2012, directed by Angus Jackson, with a cast led by Patrick Stewart (Shakespeare), John McEnery (Old Man), Catherine Cusack (Judith) and Richard McCabe (Ben Jonson). Like George Bernard Shaw, Bond generally wrote lengthy prose introductions for his plays.", "A Waste of Shame A Waste of Shame (aka A Waste of Shame: The Mystery of Shakespeare and His Sonnets) is a 90-minute television drama on the circumstances surrounding William Shakespeare's composition of his sonnets. It takes its title from the first line of Sonnet 129. It was first broadcast on BBC Four on 22 November 2005 as part of the supporting programming for the BBC's ShakespeaRe-Told season, but only loosely connected to the rest of the series. Its screenplay was written by William Boyd and the film was directed by John McKay. Lines from the sonnets are presented as thoughts running through Shakespeare's mind. The BBC asked Boyd to dramatise the Sonnet's love triangle as a free adaptation of Shakespeare's life. As a depiction of Shakespeare as a character, it received critical attention in Paul Franssen's \"Shakespeare's Literary Lives: The Author as Character in Fiction and Film\" (2016). Franssen primarily sees the plot's love triangle\u2014between Shakespeare, William Herbert (the Fair Youth), and \"Lucy Negro\" (the Dark Lady)\u2014as inherently misogynistic: Shakespeare and Herbert both exploit Negro as a proxy for their own relationship. He views Boyd's choice of a British-Indian actress (Indira Varma), her portrayal as \"half Moorish, half French\", and costumed in a traditional Tuareg headdress (playing on the western world's post-9/11 fear of the Muslim world) as a deliberate othering such that Shakespeare and Herbert's exploitation of her becomes a metaphor for the west's meddling in and exploitation of other cultures (a post-colonialist perspective). In \"Shakespeare's Life on Film and Television: \"Shakespeare In Love\" and \"A Waste of Shame\"\" (2016)", "In lines 1 and 2, Shakespeare explains that even though he was angry at his lover for favoring other poets, he was never unfaithful. Furthermore, in lines 3 and 4, Shakespeare continues use of the idea that his lover is a reflection of himself by saying \"As from my soul which in thy breast doth lie\". Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) When Shakespeare's sonnets on the theme of poetry as perpetuation lead to arguments that support the complex and metaphysical aspects of love, there is a conviction that Shakespeare is wrestling with the notion of time and love fighting one another. Love and time are always changing, dimming, growing, and suffering together, but in the end Shakespeare allows readers to feel that love itself is the \"defier of time\". In the second quatrain Shakespeare resembles his fondness to that of a traveler returning home punctually. Yet while suggesting his travels have been long, he arrives nonetheless back, unchanged by the flow of time. His love resisting all effects of time perpetuates the meaningfulness of his endearment. His internal and genuine love proceeds from the beauty he views in his passion for himself and for his lover. It is separable and inseparable, with time and timeless. It is worthwhile to devote some attention to the immutable passion of love in a world of change and short-lived mortality that Shakespeare elaborates on. While the reader searches for the answer of whose love Shakespeare pines for, the question will remain timeless just as this poem and his message. Volta and Couplet Here Shakespeare lays all of his cards out onto the table with the volta, or shift of mood. The use of the word \"rose\" in the second line of the couplet is especially notable.", "Shakespeare on the other hand shared a reciprocal love with both his lovers; the objects of his love were \u201carticulate, active partners.\u201d Shakespeare's sonnets are divided between his two lovers: sonnets 1\u2013126 for a male, and sonnets 127\u2013152 for a female; the first to a fair youth, and the second to a dark lady. Petrarch's sonnets in opposition are focused solely on one lover, Laura. Shakespeare copies the female love in Petrarch's poetry with the beloved youth who is created, cherished, adored, and eternized. After the fair youth, the dark lady brings a completely opposite literary figure into play. The dark lady is both of a different gender and she displays aspects contrary to Laura. One point that Shakespeare made while writing about the dark lady is a satirical comment on Petrarch's love: The dark lady is not shown as beautiful or idolized as Petrarch portrayed his love, Laura. This idolization analyzed from a stand point of courtly love draws an interesting segue to the death of Laura in Petrarch's sonnets, which leads to \u201cthe sublimation and transformation of desire\u201d. His adoration changes from an earthly love, Laura, to a love of the Virgin Mary. Petrarch's obsessive feelings toward Laura fit remarkably well under the title courtly love. This love is a way to explain his erotic desire and spiritual aspiration. Shakespeare, similarly to Petrarch, shows an eroticized love to the fair youth, a love that also fits nicely under pretense of courtly love. Then like with the death of Laura, this switch to a more divine love can be seen in Shakespeare's last two sonnets which are dedicated to Cupid, the Roman god of love.", "(Show of Strength 1996) \"King Lear\" and \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2000) \"Measure for Measure\" and \"Coriolanus\" ( Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2001 \u2013 Peter Brook/Empty Space Award) \"The Winter's Tale'' and \"Twelfth Night\"\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2002) \"Troilus & Cressida\" and \"As You Like It\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2003) \"Macbeth\" and Middleton & Rowley's \"The Changeling\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2004 at the Tobacco Factory and the Barbican Pit) \"Pericles\" and Chekhov's \"Three Sisters\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2005) \"Titus Andronicus\" and \"Love's Labours Lost\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2006) \"Othello\" and \"Much Ado about Nothing\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2007) \"The Taming of the Shrew'\"' (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2008) \"Julius Caesar\" and \"Antony & Cleopatra\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2009) Chekhov's \"Uncle Vanya\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory & Bristol Old Vic Co-production, Theatre Royal, 2009, and Galway Festival 2010) \"The Tempest\" and \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2010) Moli\u00e8re /Tony Harrison's \"The Misanthrope\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory & Bristol Old Vic Co-production, Theatre Royal, 2010)  \"Richard II\" (SATTF 2011) \"The Comedy of Errors\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory and Exeter Northcott, 2011) \"King Lear\" ( Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2012) Chekhov's \"The Cherry Orchard\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory and Kingston Rose 2012)"], "answer": {"text": "Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn.", "answer_start": 1075}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Zwick?", "answer": {"text": "Zwick as director,", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHich studio deventually produced the film?", "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#7", "question": "Relate one interesting incident during production?", "rewrite": "Relate one interesting incident during production of Shakespeare in Love?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On September 19, 2011, NASA announced that Love would participate in the undersea exploration mission in October 2011 from the DeepWorker 2000 submersible. The DeepWorker is a small submarine used as an underwater stand-in for the Space Exploration Vehicle, which might someday be used to explore the surface of an asteroid. However, because NEEMO 15 ended early due to the approach of Hurricane Rina, Love was not able to pilot the DeepWorker during the mission. Love was able to pilot the DeepWorker during the mission in June 2012, during which he experienced an interesting incident when his submersible became pinned against the bottom of the support vessel \"Liberty Star\". STS-122 \"Atlantis\" (February 7\u201320, 2008) was the 24th Shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station. The primary objective of the flight was to carry the European Space Agency\u2019s Columbus Laboratory module to the Space Station and install it there permanently. Love performed two spacewalks to help prepare the Columbus Laboratory for installation, to add two science payloads to the outside of Columbus, and to carry a failed Station gyroscope to the Shuttle for return to Earth. STS-122 was also a crew replacement mission, delivering Expedition 16 Flight Engineer L\u00e9opold Eyharts, and returning home with Expedition 16 Flight Engineer Daniel Tani. The STS-122 mission was accomplished in 12 days, 18 hours, 21 minutes and 40 seconds, and traveled 5,296,832 statute miles in 203 Earth orbits. Love's memberships include the American Astronomical Society; Division for Planetary Science; the American Geophysical Union; the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Associate Fellow); the Meteoritical Society; and the Harvey Mudd College Alumni Association. Love is married and has two children.", "The data model presented in figure could be used to specify the requirements of a database for an audio compact disc (CD) collection. A simple EXPRESS data model looks like fig 2, and the code like this: The data model is enclosed within the EXPRESS schema \"Family\". It contains a supertype entity \"Person\" with the two subtypes \"Male\" and \"Female\". Since \"Person\" is declared to be ABSTRACT only occurrences of either (ONEOF) the subtype \"Male\" or \"Female\" can exist. Every occurrence of a person has a mandatory \"name\" attribute and optionally attributes \"mother\" and \"father\". There is a fixed style of reading for attributes of some entity type: EXPRESS offers a series of datatypes, with specific data type symbols of the EXPRESS-G notation: A few general things are to be mentioned for datatypes. Entity attributes allow to add \"properties\" to entities and to relate one entity with another one in a specific role. The name of the attribute specifies the role. Most datatypes can directly serve as type of an attribute. This includes aggregation as well. There are three different kinds of attributes, explicit, derived and inverse attributes. And all these can be re-declared in a subtype. In addition an explicit attribute can be re-declared as derived in a subtype. No other change of the kind of attributes is possible. Specific attribute symbols of the EXPRESS-G notation: An entity can be defined to be a subtype of one or several other entities (multiple inheritance is allowed!). A supertype can have any number of subtypes. It is very common practice in STEP to build very complex sub-supertype graphs. Some graphs relate 100 and more entities with each other.", "\"Niagara Falls\" participated in Operation Desert Storm, transiting the Straits of Hormuz at midnight on 16 January 1991 and assigned an operating area in the northern end of the Persian Gulf, known as the 'NAG' or North Arabian Gulf operational area, this was the sea opposite Kuwait which was heavily mined by Iraqi prior to the start of combat operations. Due to limited mine countermeasure assets in the Persian Gulf and \"Niagara Falls\" operating area, an EODMU detachment was assigned. During the course of the war \"Niagara Falls\" destroyed five naval mines herself while operating in the northern Persian Gulf. One interesting incident on 23 January was the visible flash of an explosion reported by the aft lookout, possibly an errant Scud missile which had been reported heading out into the Persian Gulf. On 29 March \"Niagara Falls\" assisted the M/V \"Mercs Horana\" which was undergoing a major shipboard fire while underway in the Salton Sea. \" Niagara Falls\" arrived at night and the crew was presented with the sobering image of the \"Horana\"s superstructure fully engulfed in flames, and four other coalition ships, including and circling the burning vessel. \" Niagara Falls\" At-Sea Fire Party was told to stand ready to motorboat over, however the Commonwealth Coalition ship in charge at the scene declined the manpower and requested spare fire fighting foam be supplied. For spending 143 days in the combat zone, and operating North of 28.30 N and West of 49.30 E between 17 January\u201328 February 1991 the ship was awarded the Combat Action Ribbon. During the course of the war the \"Niagara Falls\" primary assignment was and her battlegroup, however she also serviced , the Amphibious Group, and the hospital ships. During this period \"Niagara Falls\" would mainly resupply from Jebel Ali near Dubai, however stops were also made at Bahrain and Abu Dhabi.", "Adelaide Kemble Adelaide Kemble (13 February 18154 August 1879) was an English opera singer of the Victorian era, and a member of the Kemble family of actors. She was the younger sister of Fanny Kemble, the famous actress and anti-slavery activist. Her father was actor Charles Kemble, her mother Maria Theresa Kemble. Adelaide studied in London with John Braham and in Italy under the great soprano Giuditta Pasta. On 2 November 1841, she made her first operatic performance on the London stage in \"Norma\". In 1843 she married Edward John Sartoris and retired after a brief but brilliant career. They were hosts at the Belgravia home to Chopin where, in 1849, he made his London debut. This is now marked by a plaque. She wrote \"A Week in a French Country House\" (1867), a bright, humorous story, followed by other, more mediocre tales. She recorded one interesting incident at a late London concert by Pasta, whose powers had diminished badly, and she asked of fellow singer Pauline Viardot what she thought of Pasta's voice now and got the reply:  \" Ah! It is a ruin, but so is Leonardo's \"Last Supper\".\" Her son, the singer Algernon Charles Frederick Sartoris, married Nellie Grant, the daughter of the famous American general and president Ulysses S. Grant, on 21 May 1874 in the East Room of the White House. Their son, Algernon Edward Sartoris, married the granddaughter of the conductor Sir Charles Hall\u00e9. The young Frederic Leighton (the painter of \"Flaming June\" and a president of the British Royal Academy of Art from 1878 until his death in 1895) was introduced to her circle in Rome, and was greatly influenced by her in many respects, most evidently, perhaps, in social and musical areas.", "Zoran Mikuli\u0107 Zoran Mikuli\u0107 (born 24 October 1965) is a Croatian handball player. He played for the Croatia national handball team at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where Croatia won the gold medal."], "answer": {"text": "The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings.", "answer_start": 1186}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Zwick?", "answer": {"text": "Zwick as director,", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHich studio deventually produced the film?", "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there more changes in the cast and crew?", "answer": {"text": "Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#8", "question": "WHy was it reworked?", "rewrite": "Why was Shakespeare in Love reworked after the first test screenings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The producers reported that audiences listed Gabriel Yared's unfinished score as a factor, calling it \"too brassy and bold\" and \"too old fashioned\". On the screening prints, Yared's score had lacked the intended choir parts to balance the \"brassy\" parts. The filmmakers sought a replacement composer before informing Yared of his firing, and asked James Horner to write a new score in two weeks. In later reviews, several film score critics describe Yared's score as superior to Horner's. Director Ridley Scott \"snuck in\" to the first test screening of \"American Gangster\" and stayed because \"no one moved\" in the audience, indicating that they were \"fully engaged\". Some screenings are intended only to determine how best to market a film; director Kevin Smith writes that he \"hates\" test screenings, and \"doesn't know any filmmaker\" who enjoys the process, but describes a very good audience response and focus group in Kansas City, MO at the sole marketing test screening for \"Clerks II\". In television, test screenings may be used before a series debuts, to help fine-tune the concept (as with \"Sesame Street\", leading to the Muppets appearing onscreen with human characters, rather than in separate segments), or to pre-test specific episodes. Adam West in his book \" Back to the Batcave\" stated that test screenings for the 1960s \"Batman\" television series incorporated audience-controlled dials monitored by computer. Shown to about one hundred recruited audience members, the pilot episode received \"the worst score in the history of pilot testing\", in the \"high 40s\", where the average pilot score was in the mid-60s. Several adjustments were made to the show and retested, including a laugh track, then narration; the test results were the same.", "The original idea for Shakespeare in Love came to screenwriter Marc Norman in the late 1980s after a rudimentary pitch from his son Zachary. Norman wrote a draft screenplay which he presented to director Edward Zwick, which attracted Julia Roberts, who agreed to play Viola. However, Zwick disliked Norman's screenplay and hired the playwright Tom Stoppard to improve it (Stoppard's first major success had been with the Shakespeare-themed play Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead). The film went into production in 1991 at Universal, with Zwick as director, but although sets and costumes were in construction, Shakespeare had not yet been cast, because Roberts insisted that only Daniel Day-Lewis could play the role. Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin. The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay. Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director. Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn. The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings. The scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt was re-shot, to make it more emotional, and some lines were re-recorded to clarify the reasons why Viola had to marry Wessex. The ending was re-shot several times, until Stoppard eventually came up with the idea of Viola suggesting to Shakespeare that their parting could inspire his next play.", "Harry Knowles from \"Ain't it Cool News\" was invited by McTiernan for a test screening of the film in Long Island sometime after the first test screening, and in his review of McTiernan's original cut, Knowles said that the movie was bad but at least it was an unapologetic hard-R film with lots of nudity and some really brutal violence in Rollerball scenes, but even as a workprint it was obvious how badly the action scenes were edited, and the story was bad. \" The 'Rollerball' edit I saw was one of the worst films I'd seen in my life. There was jeering in the theater,\" Knowles said. Knowles was also one of the people who read the original first draft of the script (one that McTiernan rejected) and he said that it was an amazing script which solved all the problems of the original film. Following the negative test screenings, MGM ordered massive re-shoots and re-edits to be done on the film in the middle of 2001. Shortly after the test screenings, MGM appointed a new head of marketing and distribution, Robert Levin, who convinced McTiernan to let go of the summer release date. This would give the studio more time to devise a better marketing strategy and allow McTiernan to do re-shoots and to re-edit the film for a PG-13 rating, in an attempt by the studio to get a wider audience to see the film. The release date was then pushed back again from August all the way to February 2002, due to all the post production work causing delays. McTiernan shot two weeks of additional footage in late 2001 to clarify certain scenes, especially the film's ending, and also cut down the violence and all the nudity.", "Film screening A film screening is the displaying of a motion picture or film, generally referring to a special showing as part of a film's production and release cycle. To show the film to best advantage, special screenings may take place in plush, low seat-count theaters with very high quality (sometimes especially certified) projection and sound equipment, and can be accompanied by food and drink and spoken remarks by producers, writers, or actors. Special screenings typically occur outside normal theatrical showing hours. The different types of screenings are presented here in their order within a film's development. For early edits of a film, informal test screenings are shown to small target audiences to judge if a film will require editing, reshooting or rewriting. At this stage, the film may be incomplete, with missing or unfinished special effects shots, or sound effects, or dialogues which are not yet rerecorded. Audience responses are usually recorded informally. Test audiences may be required not to discuss the film. A film may go through several test screenings. Focus group screenings are formal test screenings of a film with very detailed documentation of audience responses. Target audience members answer survey questionnaires and are usually interviewed, sometimes on video. Group discussions following a film with 25\u201330 viewers are common. Focus audiences may be required not to discuss the film. Their opinion may be recorded by pressing buttons during screening to indicate approval or disapproval. Viewers' faces may be videotaped during the screening. Their involuntary responses may be recorded using galvanic skin response, EKG, or fMRI. Focus group screenings are expensive to run due to the equipment required and large amount of data recorded, so are performed less frequently than informal test screenings. Fully equipped permanent focus-group screening rooms simplify the process, but restrict the location of tests. Critic (or", "Test screening    A test screening is a preview screening of a movie or television show before its general release to gauge audience reaction. Preview audiences are selected from a cross-section of the population and are usually asked to complete a questionnaire or provide feedback in some form. Harold Lloyd is credited with inventing the concept, having used it as early as 1928. Test screenings have been recommended for starting filmmakers \"even if a film festival is fast approaching\". Roger Ebert, the late reviewer for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\", has written that test screenings by filmmakers are \"valid\" to get an idea of an audience response to a rough cut. But \"too often, however, studio executives use preview screenings as a weapon to enforce their views on directors, and countless movies have had stupid happy endings tacked on after such screenings. \" Ebert writes that Billy Wilder dropped the first reel from \"Sunset Boulevard\" after a test screening. Producer Tim Bevan emphasizes that the goal of the film editing process is to turn unedited film \"into 85 to 110 minutes of story that people are going to want to go and see\", and he \"absolutely believes in the testing process. 99.9 times out of 100 the audience will speak louder than anybody else\". Even though \"editing rooms can be very combative places\" with directors, the test results make the process \"less combative.\" While filming \"Johnny English\" (2002) with director Peter Howitt, testing led to reshoots of the beginning of the film to set up the character better, and \"test scores leaped considerably.\" Edgar Wright, writer and director of \"Shaun of the Dead\", said in an interview that in test screenings done before the film's special effects were completed, audiences remarked that the ending was \"a bit abrupt\" and \"lame\"."], "answer": {"text": "The scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt was re-shot, to make it more emotional,", "answer_start": 1254}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Zwick?", "answer": {"text": "Zwick as director,", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHich studio deventually produced the film?", "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there more changes in the cast and crew?", "answer": {"text": "Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Relate one interesting incident during production?", "answer": {"text": "The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings.", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#9", "question": "Were there other scenes which were changed?", "rewrite": "Were there other scenes which were changed in Shakespeare in Love besides the scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The original idea for Shakespeare in Love came to screenwriter Marc Norman in the late 1980s after a rudimentary pitch from his son Zachary. Norman wrote a draft screenplay which he presented to director Edward Zwick, which attracted Julia Roberts, who agreed to play Viola. However, Zwick disliked Norman's screenplay and hired the playwright Tom Stoppard to improve it (Stoppard's first major success had been with the Shakespeare-themed play Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead). The film went into production in 1991 at Universal, with Zwick as director, but although sets and costumes were in construction, Shakespeare had not yet been cast, because Roberts insisted that only Daniel Day-Lewis could play the role. Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin. The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay. Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director. Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn. The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings. The scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt was re-shot, to make it more emotional, and some lines were re-recorded to clarify the reasons why Viola had to marry Wessex. The ending was re-shot several times, until Stoppard eventually came up with the idea of Viola suggesting to Shakespeare that their parting could inspire his next play.", "Eddie Redmayne made his professional stage debut as Viola for Shakespeare's Globe at the Middle Temple Hall in 2002. In 2009, Anne Hathaway played Viola in the Shakespeare in the Park's production of \"Twelfth Night\" in New York's Central Park, directed by David Sullivan. Twelfth Night (1910) \u2013 \"Directed by Eugene Mullin\" \u2013 Viola: Florence Turner Twelfth Night (1937) \u2013 \"Director N/A\" \u2013 Viola: Dorothy Black  Twelfth Night (1939) \u2013 \"Directed by Michel Saint Denis\" \u2013 Viola: Peggy Ashcroft Twelfth Night (1957) [TV] \u2013 \"Directed by David Greene\" \u2013 Viola: Rosemary Harris  Twelfth Night (1957) \u2013 \"Directed by Caspar Wrede\" \u2013 Viola: Dilys Hamlett Twelfth Night (1969) \u2013 \"Directed by John Sichel\" \u2013 Viola: Joan Plowright  Twelfth Night (1974) \u2013 \"Directed by David Giles\" \u2013 Viola: Janet Suzman Twelfth Night (1980) [TV] \u2013 \"Directed by John Gorrie\" \u2013 Viola: Felicity Kendal Twelfth Night (1987) \u2013 \"Directed by Neil Armfield\" \u2013 Viola: Gillian Jones Twelfth Night or What You Will (1988) \u2013 Directed by Kenneth Branagh of the Royal Shakespeare Company/produced for television by Thames Television Ltd. \u2013 Viola: Frances Barber Twelfth Night, or What You Will (1988) \u2013 \"Directed by Paul Kafno\" \u2013 Viola: Frances Barber Twelfth Night (1992) \u2013 [Animated Tales] \u2013 \"Directed by Mariya Muat\" \u2013 Viola: Fiona Shaw Twelfth Night (1996) \u2013 \"Directed by Trevor Nunn\" \u2013 Viola: Imogen Stubbs Twelfth Night, or What You Will (1998) [TV] \u2013 \"Directed by Nicholas Hytner\" \u2013 Viola: Helen Hunt Twelfth Night, or What You Will (2003) \u2013 \"Directed by Tim Supple\" \u2013 Viola:", "Olivia and Sebastian have already been secretly married, as she mistook him for Cesario, and Sebastian, ignorant of the foregoing love triangle, was simply entranced by a beautiful woman. Ultimately then, given what he has witnessed, Orsino admits that he will no longer pursue Olivia, agreeing to love her as his sister, and decides to take Viola as his wife once she quits her disguise. Although Viola is the play's protagonist, her true name is not spoken by any character\u2014including herself\u2014until the final scene of the play (Act 5, scene 1). Circa 1771 Francis Wheatley used actress Elizabeth Younge as a model to paint Viola in Act III, Scene 4 after she and Sir Andrew have drawn swords (painting top-right). William Hamilton painted the confrontation between Olivia and Viola circa 1797: in Act V, Scene 1 Olivia believes Viola (dressed as Cesario) to be Sebastian (Viola's twin brother) who she has just married. After Viola denies any knowledge, incredulous Olivia asks the priest to confirm they were married just two hours prior. Walter Howell Deverell used model Elizabeth Siddal in his , showing Viola as Cesario looking longingly at Duke Orsino. In the mid-19th century Frederick Richard Pickersgill painted a few scenes, including: in Act 1, Scene 4 after the character Viola is shipwrecked, when she cross-dresses as Cesario, enters the service of Duke Orsino as his page and falls in love with him; and in Act 3, Scene 1 when Olivia declares her love for Cesario (1859 painting). In the 20th century German actress Lucie H\u00f6flich played Viola in \"\" (Twelfth Night in German) at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin. Tallulah Bankhead played Viola in a 1937 radio broadcast of the play.", "Shakespeare's love interest in the film, \"Viola\" (Gwyneth Paltrow), is the daughter of a wealthy merchant who disguises herself as a boy to become an actor; while Shakespeare, a financially struggling playwright suffering from writer's block, is trying to write \"Romeo and Juliet\". She is presented in the final scene of the film as William Shakespeare's \"true\" inspiration for the heroine of \"Twelfth Night\". In a nod to the shipwrecked opening of Shakespeare's \"Twelfth Night\", the movie includes a scene where the character Viola, separated from her love by an arranged marriage and bound for the American colonies, survives a shipwreck and comes ashore to Virginia. On 14 May 1937, the BBC Television Service in London broadcast a thirty-minute excerpt of the play, the first known instance of a work of Shakespeare being performed on television. Produced for the new medium by George More O'Ferrall, the production is also notable for having featured a young actress who would later go on to win an Academy Award \u2013 Greer Garson. As the performance was transmitted live from the BBC's studios at Alexandra Palace and the technology to record television programmes did not at the time exist, no visual record survives other than still photographs. The entire play was produced for television in 1939, directed by Michel Saint-Denis and starring another future Oscar-winner, Peggy Ashcroft. The part of Sir Toby Belch was taken by a young George Devine. In 1957, another adaptation of the play was presented by NBC on U.S. television's \"Hallmark Hall of Fame\", with Maurice Evans recreating his performance as Malvolio. This was the first color version ever produced on TV. Dennis King, Rosemary Harris, and Frances Hyland co-starred. In 1966 there was an Australian TV version.", "From the mid-18th century a number of paintings and sculptures were made which depicted Shakespeare as part of narrative or allegorical scenario symbolising his genius. In addition to her \"Ideal Portrait\" Angelica Kauffman created the allegorical \"The Birth of Shakespeare\" (c. 1770), which depicted the baby Shakespeare with the personification of Fantasy and the muses of Tragedy and Comedy. At the bottom of the composition are a scepter, a crown, and the mask of tragedy, portending the child's brilliant future. George Romney painted a similar picture of a baby Shakespeare surrounded by symbolic figures entitled \"\". According to the description, \"Nature is represented with her face unveiled to her favourite Child, who is placed between Joy and Sorrow. On the right of Nature are Love, Hatred & Jealousy; on her left hand, Anger, Envy, & Fear.\" Romney also painted a simpler version of the scene entitled \"Shakespeare nursed by Tragedy and Comedy\". Another allegory is present in Thomas Banks' \"Shakespeare attended by Painting and Poetry\", in which the poet is glorified by symbolic figures lauding his creative genius. In the same period artists began to depict real or imagined scenes from Shakespeare's life, which were sometimes popularised as prints. The popularity of such scenes was especially high in the Victorian era. Most popular was the apocryphal story of the young Shakespeare being brought before Sir Thomas Lucy on the charge of poaching, which was depicted by several artists. The more respectable and patriotic scene of Shakespeare reading his work to Queen Elizabeth I was also painted by several artists, such as John James Chalon. By the end of the 19th century portraits and statues of Shakespeare were appearing in numerous contexts, and his stereotyped features were being used in advertisements, cartoons, shops, pub signs and buildings."], "answer": {"text": "some lines were re-recorded to clarify the reasons why Viola had to marry Wessex.", "answer_start": 1347}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Zwick?", "answer": {"text": "Zwick as director,", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHich studio deventually produced the film?", "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there more changes in the cast and crew?", "answer": {"text": "Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Relate one interesting incident during production?", "answer": {"text": "The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings.", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHy was it reworked?", "answer": {"text": "The scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt was re-shot, to make it more emotional,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49fe3715acda4edc81f3733b6bfa4c12_1_q#10", "question": "Was the title or anything else changed?", "rewrite": "Was the title or anything else changed besides clarifying the reasons why Viola had to marry Wessex?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The attributed arms of Wessex are also known as the \"Arms of Edward the Confessor\", and the design is based on an emblem historically used by King Edward the Confessor on the reverse side of pennies minted by him. The heraldic design continued to represent both Wessex and Edward in classical heraldry and is found on a number of church windows in derived shields such as the Arms of the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster (Westminster Abbey, which was founded by the king). At its greatest extent Wessex encompassed the modern areas of Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Dorset and Wiltshire, as well as the western half of Berkshire and the eastern hilly flank of Somerset. This covers an area of about . The English author Thomas Hardy used a fictionalised Wessex as a setting for many of his novels, adopting his friend William Barnes' term \"Wessex\" for their home county of Dorset and its neighbouring counties in the south and west of England. Hardy's Wessex excluded Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, but the city of Oxford, which he called \"Christminster\", was visited as part of Wessex in \"Jude the Obscure\". He gave each of his Wessex counties a fictionalised name, such as with Berkshire, which is known in the novels as \"North Wessex\". The film \"Shakespeare in Love\" included a character called \"Lord Wessex\" \u2013 a title which did not exist in Elizabethan times. The ITV television series \"Broadchurch\" takes place in the Wessex area, primarily the county of Dorset. It features government agencies such as Wessex Police and Wessex Crown Court, and several characters are seen attending South Wessex Secondary School. \"Wessex\" remains a common term for the area. Many organisations that cover the area of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, and Wiltshire use the name Wessex in their company or organisation name; for example Wessex Bus, Wessex Water, and Wessex Institute of Technology.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "Nicolae Gaiduc Nicolae Gaiduc (born 23 July 1996) is a cross-country skier competing for his homeland of Moldova at the 2018 Winter Olympics. He served as his nation's flag-bearer at the 2018 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations.", "The original idea for Shakespeare in Love came to screenwriter Marc Norman in the late 1980s after a rudimentary pitch from his son Zachary. Norman wrote a draft screenplay which he presented to director Edward Zwick, which attracted Julia Roberts, who agreed to play Viola. However, Zwick disliked Norman's screenplay and hired the playwright Tom Stoppard to improve it (Stoppard's first major success had been with the Shakespeare-themed play Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead). The film went into production in 1991 at Universal, with Zwick as director, but although sets and costumes were in construction, Shakespeare had not yet been cast, because Roberts insisted that only Daniel Day-Lewis could play the role. Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin. The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay. Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director. Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn. The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings. The scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt was re-shot, to make it more emotional, and some lines were re-recorded to clarify the reasons why Viola had to marry Wessex. The ending was re-shot several times, until Stoppard eventually came up with the idea of Viola suggesting to Shakespeare that their parting could inspire his next play.", "The Tangled Skein The Tangled Skein was Baroness Orczy's second novel. First published under the title In Mary's Reign in 1901, it was re-released under the title The Tangled Skein in 1907, following the success of \"The Scarlet Pimpernel\". The book is a period romance and is dedicated to \"my little son Jack\" (who was born in 1899). In \"The Tangled Skein\", Queen Mary is characterized as a loving woman with a strong sense of justice. The \"tangled skein\" arises from Mary's love for the fictional character Robert d\u2019Esclade, fifth Duke of Wessex, said in this book to be the people's choice as King Consort. Wessex is chivalrous and charming, but semi-betrothed to Lady Ursula Glynde, whom he has not seen since her infancy. Wessex is repelled by the idea of having his wife thrust upon him and purposely avoids Lady Ursula. Unknown to Wessex, the Queen jealously guards him against Ursula, who is extremely beautiful. As soon as she realizes the Queen is keeping her away from Wessex, Ursula is angered. She believes she loves Wessex, for his nobility and goodness, and she is invested heavily in the betrothal. On her father's deathbed, Ursula promised to go into a convent if she did not marry Wessex. Although Ursula does not want to lose her independence by marrying, she seeks to frustrate the Queen's plans and make Wessex notice her; however, the arrival of Cardinal de Moreno, and his henchman Don Mignel, Marquis de Saurez, shifts the scene. The Cardinal is in England to negotiate the marriage between Philip II of Spain and Mary. To end the Queen's love for Wessex, the Cardinal tries to marry Wessex and Lady Ursula."], "answer": {"text": "The ending was re-shot several times, until Stoppard eventually came up with the idea of Viola suggesting to Shakespeare that their parting could inspire his next play.", "answer_start": 1429}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was the film Shakespeare in Love produced?", "answer": {"text": "at Universal,", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which location(s) was it filmed?", "answer": {"text": "Among the locations used in the production were Hatfield House, Hertfordshire (for the fireworks scene), Broughton Castle, Oxfordshire", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any issues during production?", "answer": {"text": "Day-Lewis was uninterested, and when Roberts failed to persuade him, she withdrew from the film, six weeks before shooting was due to begin.", "answer_start": 720, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The production went into turnaround, and Zwick was unable to persuade other studios to take up the screenplay.", "answer_start": 861, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Zwick?", "answer": {"text": "Zwick as director,", "answer_start": 540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHich studio deventually produced the film?", "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Zwick got Miramax interested in the screenplay, but Miramax chose John Madden as director.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there more changes in the cast and crew?", "answer": {"text": "Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein acted as producer, and persuaded Ben Affleck to take a small role as Ned Alleyn.", "answer_start": 1075, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Relate one interesting incident during production?", "answer": {"text": "The film was considerably reworked after the first test screenings.", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHy was it reworked?", "answer": {"text": "The scene with Shakespeare and Viola in the punt was re-shot, to make it more emotional,", "answer_start": 1254, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other scenes which were changed?", "answer": {"text": "some lines were re-recorded to clarify the reasons why Viola had to marry Wessex.", "answer_start": 1347, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#0", "question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "rewrite": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "Up until then, everyone they met in the executive world outside their isolated and insulated realm was a Lord of EMI (the parent company that owned Capitol Records), a corporate chairman or a high-ranking executive. Mansfield's age made him more accessible to the Beatles, who soon invited him to become a member of their inner sanctum. In addition to the Beatles, while at Capitol, he was also responsible for overseeing the recording careers of the Beach Boys, Glen Campbell, The Band, Bobbie Gentry, Lou Rawls, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, The Steve Miller Band, Bob Seger, and the Quicksilver Messenger Service. In 1967 when the Beatles decided to form their own corporation, they turned to Mansfield to run their record division and named him the U.S. Manager of Apple Records beginning in 1968. Mansfield joined his four new bosses setting up the worldwide launch of Apple Records and the U.S. management of subsequent projects such as \"The Beatles\" (aka \"The White Album\"), \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Abbey Road\", \" Let It Be\" and \"Hey Jude\". In addition to the Beatles, Mansfield looked after the careers of Apple artists such as James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Badfinger and Jackie Lomax. At the time of the Apple debut, everyone agreed that the Beatles first single on the new label had to be a smash. The group was stymied on whether to release \u201cHey Jude\u201d or \u201cRevolution\u201d as Apple's first single. \u201cHey Jude,\u201d which clocked in at an unprecedented 7:11, was the obvious choice. However, it was still the era of the less than three-minute record and Top 40 stations gained listeners by playing the most hits in an hour.", "\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song."], "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to the Abbey Road rehersals for Hey Jude, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "Up until then, everyone they met in the executive world outside their isolated and insulated realm was a Lord of EMI (the parent company that owned Capitol Records), a corporate chairman or a high-ranking executive. Mansfield's age made him more accessible to the Beatles, who soon invited him to become a member of their inner sanctum. In addition to the Beatles, while at Capitol, he was also responsible for overseeing the recording careers of the Beach Boys, Glen Campbell, The Band, Bobbie Gentry, Lou Rawls, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, The Steve Miller Band, Bob Seger, and the Quicksilver Messenger Service. In 1967 when the Beatles decided to form their own corporation, they turned to Mansfield to run their record division and named him the U.S. Manager of Apple Records beginning in 1968. Mansfield joined his four new bosses setting up the worldwide launch of Apple Records and the U.S. management of subsequent projects such as \"The Beatles\" (aka \"The White Album\"), \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Abbey Road\", \" Let It Be\" and \"Hey Jude\". In addition to the Beatles, Mansfield looked after the careers of Apple artists such as James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Badfinger and Jackie Lomax. At the time of the Apple debut, everyone agreed that the Beatles first single on the new label had to be a smash. The group was stymied on whether to release \u201cHey Jude\u201d or \u201cRevolution\u201d as Apple's first single. \u201cHey Jude,\u201d which clocked in at an unprecedented 7:11, was the obvious choice. However, it was still the era of the less than three-minute record and Top 40 stations gained listeners by playing the most hits in an hour."], "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#2", "question": "Who did they rehearse with?", "rewrite": "Who did The Beatles rehearse Hey Jude with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "Hey Jude (Beatles album) Hey Jude (original title: The Beatles Again) is a 1970 collection of non-album singles and B-sides by the Beatles. It included \"I Should Have Known Better\" and \"Can't Buy Me Love\", two singles released by Capitol Records whose only previous American album appearance had been on the \"A Hard Day's Night\" soundtrack album, which had been released by United Artists Records. The \"Hey Jude\" LP had been out of print since the late 1980s, although it remained available on cassette during the 1990s. The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2014, as an individual release and in a box set titled \"The U.S. Albums\". The \"Hey Jude\" album was a project conceived by Allen Klein and Apple Records. Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles in 1969 and was keen to maximise the band's income through the release of a new album. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially a consequence of the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums, partially a consequence of their arrangement with United Artists in 1964 and partially due to the habit of Capitol Records of recompiling the Beatles' British releases for local markets until 1967.", "Upon the single's release, Derek Johnson of the NME wrote: \"The intriguing features of 'Hey Jude' are its extreme length and the 40-piece orchestral accompaniment - and personally I would have preferred it without either!\" While he viewed the track overall as \"a beautiful, compelling song\", and the first three minutes as \"absolutely sensational\", Johnson rued the long coda's \"vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four-bar chorus\". Time magazine described the coda as \"a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records\". The same reviewer contrasted \"Hey Jude\" with its B-side, \"Revolution\", saying that \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\", due to McCartney \"liltingly exhort[ing] a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love\". Rolling Stone also attributed the song's meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women: \"to break the old pattern; to really go through with love\". Other commentators interpreted \"Hey Jude\" as being directed at Bob Dylan, then semi-retired in Woodstock. Writing in 1971, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it \"one of [McCartney's] truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from the album The Beatles. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that \"Hey Jude\" \"promised great things\" for the ill-conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as \"the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the 45s market\".", "Up until then, everyone they met in the executive world outside their isolated and insulated realm was a Lord of EMI (the parent company that owned Capitol Records), a corporate chairman or a high-ranking executive. Mansfield's age made him more accessible to the Beatles, who soon invited him to become a member of their inner sanctum. In addition to the Beatles, while at Capitol, he was also responsible for overseeing the recording careers of the Beach Boys, Glen Campbell, The Band, Bobbie Gentry, Lou Rawls, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, The Steve Miller Band, Bob Seger, and the Quicksilver Messenger Service. In 1967 when the Beatles decided to form their own corporation, they turned to Mansfield to run their record division and named him the U.S. Manager of Apple Records beginning in 1968. Mansfield joined his four new bosses setting up the worldwide launch of Apple Records and the U.S. management of subsequent projects such as \"The Beatles\" (aka \"The White Album\"), \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Abbey Road\", \" Let It Be\" and \"Hey Jude\". In addition to the Beatles, Mansfield looked after the careers of Apple artists such as James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Badfinger and Jackie Lomax. At the time of the Apple debut, everyone agreed that the Beatles first single on the new label had to be a smash. The group was stymied on whether to release \u201cHey Jude\u201d or \u201cRevolution\u201d as Apple's first single. \u201cHey Jude,\u201d which clocked in at an unprecedented 7:11, was the obvious choice. However, it was still the era of the less than three-minute record and Top 40 stations gained listeners by playing the most hits in an hour."], "answer": {"text": "30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\",", "answer_start": 1170}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#3", "question": "Why onyl 3 beeatles?", "rewrite": "Why were only 3 of The Beatles seen rehearsing Hey Jude in the documentary Music?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "Up until then, everyone they met in the executive world outside their isolated and insulated realm was a Lord of EMI (the parent company that owned Capitol Records), a corporate chairman or a high-ranking executive. Mansfield's age made him more accessible to the Beatles, who soon invited him to become a member of their inner sanctum. In addition to the Beatles, while at Capitol, he was also responsible for overseeing the recording careers of the Beach Boys, Glen Campbell, The Band, Bobbie Gentry, Lou Rawls, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, The Steve Miller Band, Bob Seger, and the Quicksilver Messenger Service. In 1967 when the Beatles decided to form their own corporation, they turned to Mansfield to run their record division and named him the U.S. Manager of Apple Records beginning in 1968. Mansfield joined his four new bosses setting up the worldwide launch of Apple Records and the U.S. management of subsequent projects such as \"The Beatles\" (aka \"The White Album\"), \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Abbey Road\", \" Let It Be\" and \"Hey Jude\". In addition to the Beatles, Mansfield looked after the careers of Apple artists such as James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Badfinger and Jackie Lomax. At the time of the Apple debut, everyone agreed that the Beatles first single on the new label had to be a smash. The group was stymied on whether to release \u201cHey Jude\u201d or \u201cRevolution\u201d as Apple's first single. \u201cHey Jude,\u201d which clocked in at an unprecedented 7:11, was the obvious choice. However, it was still the era of the less than three-minute record and Top 40 stations gained listeners by playing the most hits in an hour.", "Upon the single's release, Derek Johnson of the NME wrote: \"The intriguing features of 'Hey Jude' are its extreme length and the 40-piece orchestral accompaniment - and personally I would have preferred it without either!\" While he viewed the track overall as \"a beautiful, compelling song\", and the first three minutes as \"absolutely sensational\", Johnson rued the long coda's \"vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four-bar chorus\". Time magazine described the coda as \"a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records\". The same reviewer contrasted \"Hey Jude\" with its B-side, \"Revolution\", saying that \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\", due to McCartney \"liltingly exhort[ing] a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love\". Rolling Stone also attributed the song's meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women: \"to break the old pattern; to really go through with love\". Other commentators interpreted \"Hey Jude\" as being directed at Bob Dylan, then semi-retired in Woodstock. Writing in 1971, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it \"one of [McCartney's] truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from the album The Beatles. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that \"Hey Jude\" \"promised great things\" for the ill-conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as \"the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the 45s market\".", "Hey Jude (Beatles album) Hey Jude (original title: The Beatles Again) is a 1970 collection of non-album singles and B-sides by the Beatles. It included \"I Should Have Known Better\" and \"Can't Buy Me Love\", two singles released by Capitol Records whose only previous American album appearance had been on the \"A Hard Day's Night\" soundtrack album, which had been released by United Artists Records. The \"Hey Jude\" LP had been out of print since the late 1980s, although it remained available on cassette during the 1990s. The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2014, as an individual release and in a box set titled \"The U.S. Albums\". The \"Hey Jude\" album was a project conceived by Allen Klein and Apple Records. Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles in 1969 and was keen to maximise the band's income through the release of a new album. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially a consequence of the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums, partially a consequence of their arrangement with United Artists in 1964 and partially due to the habit of Capitol Records of recompiling the Beatles' British releases for local markets until 1967."], "answer": {"text": "Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions,", "answer_start": 1418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they rehearse with?", "answer": {"text": "30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\",", "answer_start": 1170, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#4", "question": "Was there any scandals?", "rewrite": "Were there any scandals while The Beatles were rehearsing Hey Jude?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "Up until then, everyone they met in the executive world outside their isolated and insulated realm was a Lord of EMI (the parent company that owned Capitol Records), a corporate chairman or a high-ranking executive. Mansfield's age made him more accessible to the Beatles, who soon invited him to become a member of their inner sanctum. In addition to the Beatles, while at Capitol, he was also responsible for overseeing the recording careers of the Beach Boys, Glen Campbell, The Band, Bobbie Gentry, Lou Rawls, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, The Steve Miller Band, Bob Seger, and the Quicksilver Messenger Service. In 1967 when the Beatles decided to form their own corporation, they turned to Mansfield to run their record division and named him the U.S. Manager of Apple Records beginning in 1968. Mansfield joined his four new bosses setting up the worldwide launch of Apple Records and the U.S. management of subsequent projects such as \"The Beatles\" (aka \"The White Album\"), \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Abbey Road\", \" Let It Be\" and \"Hey Jude\". In addition to the Beatles, Mansfield looked after the careers of Apple artists such as James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Badfinger and Jackie Lomax. At the time of the Apple debut, everyone agreed that the Beatles first single on the new label had to be a smash. The group was stymied on whether to release \u201cHey Jude\u201d or \u201cRevolution\u201d as Apple's first single. \u201cHey Jude,\u201d which clocked in at an unprecedented 7:11, was the obvious choice. However, it was still the era of the less than three-minute record and Top 40 stations gained listeners by playing the most hits in an hour.", "Hey Jude (Beatles album) Hey Jude (original title: The Beatles Again) is a 1970 collection of non-album singles and B-sides by the Beatles. It included \"I Should Have Known Better\" and \"Can't Buy Me Love\", two singles released by Capitol Records whose only previous American album appearance had been on the \"A Hard Day's Night\" soundtrack album, which had been released by United Artists Records. The \"Hey Jude\" LP had been out of print since the late 1980s, although it remained available on cassette during the 1990s. The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2014, as an individual release and in a box set titled \"The U.S. Albums\". The \"Hey Jude\" album was a project conceived by Allen Klein and Apple Records. Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles in 1969 and was keen to maximise the band's income through the release of a new album. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially a consequence of the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums, partially a consequence of their arrangement with United Artists in 1964 and partially due to the habit of Capitol Records of recompiling the Beatles' British releases for local markets until 1967.", "\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "Upon the single's release, Derek Johnson of the NME wrote: \"The intriguing features of 'Hey Jude' are its extreme length and the 40-piece orchestral accompaniment - and personally I would have preferred it without either!\" While he viewed the track overall as \"a beautiful, compelling song\", and the first three minutes as \"absolutely sensational\", Johnson rued the long coda's \"vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four-bar chorus\". Time magazine described the coda as \"a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records\". The same reviewer contrasted \"Hey Jude\" with its B-side, \"Revolution\", saying that \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\", due to McCartney \"liltingly exhort[ing] a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love\". Rolling Stone also attributed the song's meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women: \"to break the old pattern; to really go through with love\". Other commentators interpreted \"Hey Jude\" as being directed at Bob Dylan, then semi-retired in Woodstock. Writing in 1971, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it \"one of [McCartney's] truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from the album The Beatles. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that \"Hey Jude\" \"promised great things\" for the ill-conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as \"the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the 45s market\"."], "answer": {"text": "During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "answer_start": 1646}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they rehearse with?", "answer": {"text": "30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\",", "answer_start": 1170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why onyl 3 beeatles?", "answer": {"text": "Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions,", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#5", "question": "What came of the argument?", "rewrite": "What came of the argument between Beatles Harrison and McCartney during the rehearsal of Hey Jude?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "Upon the single's release, Derek Johnson of the NME wrote: \"The intriguing features of 'Hey Jude' are its extreme length and the 40-piece orchestral accompaniment - and personally I would have preferred it without either!\" While he viewed the track overall as \"a beautiful, compelling song\", and the first three minutes as \"absolutely sensational\", Johnson rued the long coda's \"vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four-bar chorus\". Time magazine described the coda as \"a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records\". The same reviewer contrasted \"Hey Jude\" with its B-side, \"Revolution\", saying that \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\", due to McCartney \"liltingly exhort[ing] a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love\". Rolling Stone also attributed the song's meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women: \"to break the old pattern; to really go through with love\". Other commentators interpreted \"Hey Jude\" as being directed at Bob Dylan, then semi-retired in Woodstock. Writing in 1971, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it \"one of [McCartney's] truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from the album The Beatles. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that \"Hey Jude\" \"promised great things\" for the ill-conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as \"the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the 45s market\"."], "answer": {"text": "guitar phrase as a response to each line of the vocal, which did not fit with McCartney's conception of the song's arrangement, and he vetoed it.", "answer_start": 30}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they rehearse with?", "answer": {"text": "30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\",", "answer_start": 1170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why onyl 3 beeatles?", "answer": {"text": "Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions,", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#6", "question": "Did anythig else happen during the rehearsals before the recording?", "rewrite": "Aside from the argument between Harrison and McCartney, did anythig else happen during the rehearsals of Hey Jude before the recording?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "Upon the single's release, Derek Johnson of the NME wrote: \"The intriguing features of 'Hey Jude' are its extreme length and the 40-piece orchestral accompaniment - and personally I would have preferred it without either!\" While he viewed the track overall as \"a beautiful, compelling song\", and the first three minutes as \"absolutely sensational\", Johnson rued the long coda's \"vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four-bar chorus\". Time magazine described the coda as \"a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records\". The same reviewer contrasted \"Hey Jude\" with its B-side, \"Revolution\", saying that \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\", due to McCartney \"liltingly exhort[ing] a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love\". Rolling Stone also attributed the song's meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women: \"to break the old pattern; to really go through with love\". Other commentators interpreted \"Hey Jude\" as being directed at Bob Dylan, then semi-retired in Woodstock. Writing in 1971, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it \"one of [McCartney's] truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from the album The Beatles. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that \"Hey Jude\" \"promised great things\" for the ill-conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as \"the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the 45s market\".", "It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "Having earmarked the song for release as a single, the Beatles recorded \"Hey Jude\" during the sessions for their self-titled double album, commonly known as \"the White Album\". The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side, and also reflective of the four band members' divergence following their communal trip to Rishikesh in the spring of 1968 to study Transcendental Meditation. Author Peter Doggett describes the completed version of \"Hey Jude\" as a song that \"glowed with optimism after a summer that had burned with anxiety and rage within the group\". The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London over two nights, 29 and 30 July 1968, with George Martin as their producer. These dates served as rehearsals, however, since they planned to record the master track at Trident Studios to utilise their eight-track recording machine (Abbey Road was still limited to four-tracks). A take from 29 July, which author and critic Kenneth Womack describes as a \"jovial\" session, was issued on the Anthology 3 compilation in 1996. The 30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\", as George Harrison remained in the studio control room, with Martin and EMI recording engineer Ken Scott. Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period. During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song."], "answer": {"text": "The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side,", "answer_start": 176}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they rehearse with?", "answer": {"text": "30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\",", "answer_start": 1170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why onyl 3 beeatles?", "answer": {"text": "Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions,", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What came of the argument?", "answer": {"text": "guitar phrase as a response to each line of the vocal, which did not fit with McCartney's conception of the song's arrangement, and he vetoed it.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#7", "question": "Did someone leave the band over the recording?", "rewrite": "Did someone leave The Beatles band over the recording of Hey Jude?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Upon the single's release, Derek Johnson of the NME wrote: \"The intriguing features of 'Hey Jude' are its extreme length and the 40-piece orchestral accompaniment - and personally I would have preferred it without either!\" While he viewed the track overall as \"a beautiful, compelling song\", and the first three minutes as \"absolutely sensational\", Johnson rued the long coda's \"vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four-bar chorus\". Time magazine described the coda as \"a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records\". The same reviewer contrasted \"Hey Jude\" with its B-side, \"Revolution\", saying that \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\", due to McCartney \"liltingly exhort[ing] a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love\". Rolling Stone also attributed the song's meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women: \"to break the old pattern; to really go through with love\". Other commentators interpreted \"Hey Jude\" as being directed at Bob Dylan, then semi-retired in Woodstock. Writing in 1971, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it \"one of [McCartney's] truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from the album The Beatles. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that \"Hey Jude\" \"promised great things\" for the ill-conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as \"the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the 45s market\".", "It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album.", "Hey Jude (Beatles album) Hey Jude (original title: The Beatles Again) is a 1970 collection of non-album singles and B-sides by the Beatles. It included \"I Should Have Known Better\" and \"Can't Buy Me Love\", two singles released by Capitol Records whose only previous American album appearance had been on the \"A Hard Day's Night\" soundtrack album, which had been released by United Artists Records. The \"Hey Jude\" LP had been out of print since the late 1980s, although it remained available on cassette during the 1990s. The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2014, as an individual release and in a box set titled \"The U.S. Albums\". The \"Hey Jude\" album was a project conceived by Allen Klein and Apple Records. Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles in 1969 and was keen to maximise the band's income through the release of a new album. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially a consequence of the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums, partially a consequence of their arrangement with United Artists in 1964 and partially due to the habit of Capitol Records of recompiling the Beatles' British releases for local markets until 1967.", "Up until then, everyone they met in the executive world outside their isolated and insulated realm was a Lord of EMI (the parent company that owned Capitol Records), a corporate chairman or a high-ranking executive. Mansfield's age made him more accessible to the Beatles, who soon invited him to become a member of their inner sanctum. In addition to the Beatles, while at Capitol, he was also responsible for overseeing the recording careers of the Beach Boys, Glen Campbell, The Band, Bobbie Gentry, Lou Rawls, Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, The Steve Miller Band, Bob Seger, and the Quicksilver Messenger Service. In 1967 when the Beatles decided to form their own corporation, they turned to Mansfield to run their record division and named him the U.S. Manager of Apple Records beginning in 1968. Mansfield joined his four new bosses setting up the worldwide launch of Apple Records and the U.S. management of subsequent projects such as \"The Beatles\" (aka \"The White Album\"), \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Abbey Road\", \" Let It Be\" and \"Hey Jude\". In addition to the Beatles, Mansfield looked after the careers of Apple artists such as James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Badfinger and Jackie Lomax. At the time of the Apple debut, everyone agreed that the Beatles first single on the new label had to be a smash. The group was stymied on whether to release \u201cHey Jude\u201d or \u201cRevolution\u201d as Apple's first single. \u201cHey Jude,\u201d which clocked in at an unprecedented 7:11, was the obvious choice. However, it was still the era of the less than three-minute record and Top 40 stations gained listeners by playing the most hits in an hour.", "\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they rehearse with?", "answer": {"text": "30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\",", "answer_start": 1170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why onyl 3 beeatles?", "answer": {"text": "Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions,", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What came of the argument?", "answer": {"text": "guitar phrase as a response to each line of the vocal, which did not fit with McCartney's conception of the song's arrangement, and he vetoed it.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anythig else happen during the rehearsals before the recording?", "answer": {"text": "The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side,", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ac22f0afb01427ebb25028927691828_1_q#8", "question": "What happened after the rehearsal?", "rewrite": "What happened after the rehearsal of Hey Jude?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Hey Jude\" was nominated for the Grammy Awards of 1969 in the categories of Record of the Year, Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, but failed to win any of them. In the 1968 NME Readers' Poll, \"Hey Jude\" was named the best single of the year, and the song also won the 1968 Ivor Novello Award for \"A-Side With the Highest Sales\". In 2001, \"Hey Jude\" was inducted into the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked \"Hey Jude\" at number eight on the \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time\", making it the highest-placed Beatles song on the list. Among its many appearances in other best-song-of-all-time lists, VH1 placed it seventh in 2000 and Mojo ranked it at number 29 in the same year, having placed the song seventh in a 1997 list of \"The 100 Greatest Singles of All Time\". In 1976, the NME ranked it 38th on the magazine's \"Top 100 Singles of All Time\", and the track appeared at number 77 on the same publication's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" in 2014. In January 2001, \"Hey Jude\" came in third on Channel 4's list of the \"100 Greatest Singles\". The Amusement & Music Operators Association ranks \"Hey Jude\" as the 11th-best jukebox single of all time. In 2008, the song appeared in eighth place on Billboard's \"All Time Hot 100 Songs\". In July 2006, Mojo placed \"Hey Jude\" at number 12 on its list of \"The 101 Greatest Beatles Songs\" (between \"Eleanor Rigby\" and \"Come Together\"). On a similar list compiled four years later, Rolling Stone ranked the song at number seven.", "Upon the single's release, Derek Johnson of the NME wrote: \"The intriguing features of 'Hey Jude' are its extreme length and the 40-piece orchestral accompaniment - and personally I would have preferred it without either!\" While he viewed the track overall as \"a beautiful, compelling song\", and the first three minutes as \"absolutely sensational\", Johnson rued the long coda's \"vocal improvisations on the basically repetitive four-bar chorus\". Time magazine described the coda as \"a fadeout that engagingly spoofs the fadeout as a gimmick for ending pop records\". The same reviewer contrasted \"Hey Jude\" with its B-side, \"Revolution\", saying that \"The other side of the new disk urges activism of a different sort\", due to McCartney \"liltingly exhort[ing] a friend to overcome his fears and commit himself in love\". Rolling Stone also attributed the song's meaning as a message from McCartney to Lennon to end his negative relationships with women: \"to break the old pattern; to really go through with love\". Other commentators interpreted \"Hey Jude\" as being directed at Bob Dylan, then semi-retired in Woodstock. Writing in 1971, Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called it \"one of [McCartney's] truest and most forthright love songs\" and was critical of its omission from the album The Beatles. In their 1975 book The Beatles: An Illustrated Record, critics Roy Carr and Tony Tyler wrote that \"Hey Jude\" \"promised great things\" for the ill-conceived Apple enterprise and described the song as \"the last great Beatles single recorded specifically for the 45s market\".", "Hey Jude/Hey Bing! Hey Jude/Hey Bing! is a long-playing vinyl album recorded by Bing Crosby for Amos Records at United Recorders Studio, Hollywood. The orchestra and chorus were conducted by Jimmy Bowen who also produced the album. Glen Hardin arranged tracks 4 and 6\u201310, Jimmie Haskell arranged tracks 2, 3 and 5 while Mike Post arranged track 1. The album has never been issued on CD. The British publication \"Gramophone\" commented: \"Bing Crosby has lost none of his mellow warmth of voice in \"Hey Jude, Hey Bing!\" (London SHU8391) as he gives us his versions of the Beatle ballad, \u201cLittle Green Apples,\u201d \u201cBoth Sides Now,\u201d and \u201cThose Were The Days,\u201d thereby adding to the potency of the songs themselves.\" Side one Side two", "Hey Jude (Beatles album) Hey Jude (original title: The Beatles Again) is a 1970 collection of non-album singles and B-sides by the Beatles. It included \"I Should Have Known Better\" and \"Can't Buy Me Love\", two singles released by Capitol Records whose only previous American album appearance had been on the \"A Hard Day's Night\" soundtrack album, which had been released by United Artists Records. The \"Hey Jude\" LP had been out of print since the late 1980s, although it remained available on cassette during the 1990s. The album was issued on CD for the first time in 2014, as an individual release and in a box set titled \"The U.S. Albums\". The \"Hey Jude\" album was a project conceived by Allen Klein and Apple Records. Klein had negotiated a more lucrative contract for the Beatles in 1969 and was keen to maximise the band's income through the release of a new album. He directed Allan Steckler of ABKCO/Apple to work on one. Steckler chose songs that had not appeared on a Capitol album in the United States and that spanned the group's career. He also focused more on recent singles than on earlier material. The absence of the songs from a US Capitol album was partially a consequence of the Beatles' unwillingness to include single releases on their contemporaneous albums, partially a consequence of their arrangement with United Artists in 1964 and partially due to the habit of Capitol Records of recompiling the Beatles' British releases for local markets until 1967.", "It was also available to other countries as an \"export\" from Britain (Parlophone/Apple CPCS-106) but was not at first issued in Britain, although it was a popular import to the UK. The first issue in New Zealand was on the gloss black Apple label with the catalogue number CPCS-106. The matrix numbers were identical to those on the UK \"export\" issue. Because of its popularity worldwide, EMI issued \"Hey Jude\" in Britain on the Parlophone label on 11 May 1979 (catalogue number PCS 7184). Until the release of \"1967\u20131970\" in 1973, \"Hey Jude\" was the only way to own the extremely popular \"Hey Jude\" single on LP or in a stereo mix. The songs \"Rain\", \"Lady Madonna\" and \"Revolution\" were also first mixed for stereo specifically for this album. Prior to the release of the \"Get Back\" single in the spring of 1969, all Beatles singles were issued in mono in the US. Several other countries adopted the original \"The Beatles Again\" title. Of these, the Spanish release omitted \"The Ballad of John and Yoko\", due to that song having been deemed offensive. (In addition to making repeated mention of Christ and crucifixion, the lyrics contain the line \"Gibraltar near Spain\" at a time when Spain's Franco administration was contending with the UK over the ownership of Gibraltar.) On the reel-to-reel and cassette tape releases, sides one and two are reversed. Although it is clear on the vinyl version that \"Hey Jude\" opens side two, when compiling this issue for audio tape, some compilers (at Capitol and Ampex) thought to make the change, which resulted in \"Hey Jude\" leading off the album."], "answer": {"text": "McCartney said, \"looking back on it, I think, Okay. Well, it was bossy, but it was ballsy of me, because I could have bowed to the pressure.\"", "answer_start": 197}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where were the Abbey Road rehearsals for Hey Jude?", "answer": {"text": "The Beatles first taped 25 takes of the song at EMI's Abbey Road Studios in London", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions, whereas he was free to create empathetic guitar parts for Lennon's songs of the period.", "answer_start": 1468, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they rehearse with?", "answer": {"text": "30 July rehearsals were filmed for a short documentary titled Music! However, the film shows only three of the Beatles performing \"Hey Jude\",", "answer_start": 1170, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why onyl 3 beeatles?", "answer": {"text": "Author Simon Leng views this as indicative of how Harrison was increasingly allowed little room to develop ideas on McCartney compositions,", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "During the rehearsals that day, Harrison and McCartney had a heated disagreement over the lead guitar part for the song.", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What came of the argument?", "answer": {"text": "guitar phrase as a response to each line of the vocal, which did not fit with McCartney's conception of the song's arrangement, and he vetoed it.", "answer_start": 30, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anythig else happen during the rehearsals before the recording?", "answer": {"text": "The sessions were marked by an element of discord within the group for the first time, partly as a result of Ono's constant presence at Lennon's side,", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did someone leave the band over the recording?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ea34fd6e7a54251b9a6fea18cc43649_0_q#0", "question": "What are some factors of the success of The Dubliners?", "rewrite": "What are some factors of the success of The Dubliners?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ciar\u00e1n Bourke Ciar\u00e1n Bourke (18 February 1935\u201410 May 1988) was an Irish musician and one of the original founding members of the Irish folk band The Dubliners. Ciar\u00e1n Bourke was born in Dublin on 18 February 1935, but lived most of his life in Tibradden, County Dublin. His father, a doctor, was in practice in the city. The children had an Irish-speaking nanny. Ciar\u00e1n's early exposure to Gaelic continued throughout his education, attending Colaiste Mhuire, Parnell Square, Dublin. He later attended University College Dublin for a course in Agricultural Science. He did not take his degree but always retained an interest in farming. After leaving university he met two of his future bandmates in The Dubliners, Ronnie Drew and Barney McKenna, who invited Ciar\u00e1n to join their sessions in O'Donoghue's Pub where he played tin whistle, mouth organ and guitar, as well as singing. Luke Kelly, who had been singing around the clubs in England, returned to Dublin and joined them; the four gained local popularity. Taking the name The Dubliners, the group put together the first folk concert of its kind in Dublin. The concert was a success, then a theatrical production called \u201cA Ballad Tour of Ireland\u201d was put on at the Gate Theatre shortly afterwards. In 1964 fiddle player John Sheahan joined the band, and this became known as the original Dubliners line-up. Ciar\u00e1n was responsible for bringing a Gaelic element to The Dubliners' music with songs such as \"Peggy Lettermore\" and \"S\u00e9 F\u00e1th Mo Bhuartha\" being performed in the Irish language.", "Patsy Watchorn Patsy Watchorn (born 16 October 1944 in Crumlin, Dublin) is an Irish folk singer. He is notable for being a member of the Dublin City Ramblers and later The Dubliners. Watchorn first came to prominence around 1969 as the lead singer of The Quare Fellas, a Dublin-based ballad group, in 1969. They evolved into the Dublin City Ramblers in the early 1970s and with Patsy as their lead singer they had hits with songs such as \"The Rare Ould Times\" and \"The Ferryman\", both of which were written by Pete St. John. Patsy also wrote and sang the Irish Football Team anthem for their European Championship campaign in Germany and again for the World Cup in 1990 in Italy \"We are the Boys in Green\" (Home & Away Album) with The Dublin City Ramblers. The lyrics changed slightly in both releases in 1988 and 1990. In 1995, Watchorn left the Dublin City Ramblers and made a number of solo albums. He joined The Dubliners in 2005, taking Paddy Reilly's place. He has appeared on their \"Tour Sampler\" EP in 2005, as well as the double album \"Live at Vicar Street\" (2006). Patsy plays the banjo, bodhr\u00e1n and spoons. He cites Luke Kelly, former lead singer with The Dubliners as his favourite singer. Patsy sang with the Dubliners and was well received throughout Ireland, the UK, Europe, Australia and the USA. When The Dubliners announced their retirement in 2012 after finishing their 50 Years Anniversary Tour, Patsy Watchorn decided to keep on touring with former band members Se\u00e1n Cannon and Eamonn Campbell and Banjo player Gerry O'Connor under the name of \"The Dublin Legends\". On 28 April 2014", "In April 1974 Kelly asked McCann to join The Dubliners temporarily, to replace Ciar\u00e1n Bourke during a period of illness. However, he became a permanent member soon afterwards, when Ronnie Drew left the group to pursue a solo career. McCann remained with The Dubliners until the end of 1979, during which he toured incessantly, also recording several albums with the group. He did rejoin The Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary tour and later at Vicar Street in 2012 for their 50th. He continued to perform, tour, and record music as a solo artist, appearing on many television shows (particularly on RT\u00c9) and achieving success with albums such as \"From Clare to Here\" and singles such as \"Grace\". He rejoined the Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary album, but during the subsequent tour was diagnosed with throat cancer. Although treatment for the illness was successful, the damage to his voice left him unable to sing. However, he still collaborated with the Dubliners by taking the photographs for them, appearing as a compere in their concerts, and sometimes playing the guitar. During the Dubliners' last concert in December 2012, he performed with them as a guitarist. McCann's death was announced by his family on 5 March 2015. He had been battling throat cancer for some time.", "Double Dubliners Double Dubliners is The Dubliners' ninth studio album. It is also known as \"Alive and Well\", the title it was released under on the Polydor label It's the Dubliners site for the album. A standout track here is a recitation by Ronnie Drew of P\u00e1draig Pearse's poem \"The Rebel\". This album features the original members. Other notable tracks here are \"The Sun Is Burning\" and \"The Night Visiting Song\", both sung by Luke Kelly. In December 1983, \"The Night Visiting Song\" would become the final song to be performed by Luke Kelly with The Dubliners on Irish television.", "Eamonn Campbell Eamonn Campbell (29 November 1946 \u2013 18 October 2017) was an Irish musician who was a member of The Dubliners from 1987 until his death. He was also in the Dubliners when they recorded their 25th anniversary show on \"The Late Late Show\" hosted by Gay Byrne. He is known as a guitarist and has a rough voice similar to the late Dubliner founding member Ronnie Drew. He toured with three other ex-Dubliners as \"The Dublin Legends\", now that the group name has been retired with the death of Barney McKenna. Campbell was originally from Drogheda in County Louth, but latterly lived in Walkinstown, a suburb of Dublin. It was his suggestion that the Dubliners work with London-based Irish band The Pogues in the mid-1980s, thus giving them their second biggest UK hit to date (\"The Irish Rover\"); their biggest hit was Seven Drunken Nights which reached number 7 in the charts in 1967. and an appearance on \"Top of the Pops\". He produced all of the Dubliners' albums from 1987 onwards, as well as albums for many other Irish artists, including Foster and Allen, Brendan Shine, Daniel O'Donnell and Paddy Reilly. He played locally with the Delta Showband, The Bee Vee Five and the Country Gents before joining Dermot O'Brien and the Clubmen and first met The Dubliners when both acts toured England together in 1967. In the mid to late 1970's Eamonn more or less retired from the road and became involved in the growing Irish recording scene, first as a session musician and later moving to production. In 2002, Campbell put a complaint to a Commission to Inquire into Sexual Abuse as he said he was abused by The Christian Brothers as a child."], "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners sang rebel songs such as \"The Old Alarm Clock\", \"The Foggy Dew\" and \"Off to Dublin in the Green\".", "answer_start": 1336}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1ea34fd6e7a54251b9a6fea18cc43649_0_q#1", "question": "Was any of this songs a hit?", "rewrite": "Were any songs on The Dubliners, Success album a hit?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ciar\u00e1n Bourke Ciar\u00e1n Bourke (18 February 1935\u201410 May 1988) was an Irish musician and one of the original founding members of the Irish folk band The Dubliners. Ciar\u00e1n Bourke was born in Dublin on 18 February 1935, but lived most of his life in Tibradden, County Dublin. His father, a doctor, was in practice in the city. The children had an Irish-speaking nanny. Ciar\u00e1n's early exposure to Gaelic continued throughout his education, attending Colaiste Mhuire, Parnell Square, Dublin. He later attended University College Dublin for a course in Agricultural Science. He did not take his degree but always retained an interest in farming. After leaving university he met two of his future bandmates in The Dubliners, Ronnie Drew and Barney McKenna, who invited Ciar\u00e1n to join their sessions in O'Donoghue's Pub where he played tin whistle, mouth organ and guitar, as well as singing. Luke Kelly, who had been singing around the clubs in England, returned to Dublin and joined them; the four gained local popularity. Taking the name The Dubliners, the group put together the first folk concert of its kind in Dublin. The concert was a success, then a theatrical production called \u201cA Ballad Tour of Ireland\u201d was put on at the Gate Theatre shortly afterwards. In 1964 fiddle player John Sheahan joined the band, and this became known as the original Dubliners line-up. Ciar\u00e1n was responsible for bringing a Gaelic element to The Dubliners' music with songs such as \"Peggy Lettermore\" and \"S\u00e9 F\u00e1th Mo Bhuartha\" being performed in the Irish language.", "Patsy Watchorn Patsy Watchorn (born 16 October 1944 in Crumlin, Dublin) is an Irish folk singer. He is notable for being a member of the Dublin City Ramblers and later The Dubliners. Watchorn first came to prominence around 1969 as the lead singer of The Quare Fellas, a Dublin-based ballad group, in 1969. They evolved into the Dublin City Ramblers in the early 1970s and with Patsy as their lead singer they had hits with songs such as \"The Rare Ould Times\" and \"The Ferryman\", both of which were written by Pete St. John. Patsy also wrote and sang the Irish Football Team anthem for their European Championship campaign in Germany and again for the World Cup in 1990 in Italy \"We are the Boys in Green\" (Home & Away Album) with The Dublin City Ramblers. The lyrics changed slightly in both releases in 1988 and 1990. In 1995, Watchorn left the Dublin City Ramblers and made a number of solo albums. He joined The Dubliners in 2005, taking Paddy Reilly's place. He has appeared on their \"Tour Sampler\" EP in 2005, as well as the double album \"Live at Vicar Street\" (2006). Patsy plays the banjo, bodhr\u00e1n and spoons. He cites Luke Kelly, former lead singer with The Dubliners as his favourite singer. Patsy sang with the Dubliners and was well received throughout Ireland, the UK, Europe, Australia and the USA. When The Dubliners announced their retirement in 2012 after finishing their 50 Years Anniversary Tour, Patsy Watchorn decided to keep on touring with former band members Se\u00e1n Cannon and Eamonn Campbell and Banjo player Gerry O'Connor under the name of \"The Dublin Legends\". On 28 April 2014", "\u201cGroup A component\u201d is one of the following:  adamantane, benzene, cycloalkylmethyl, isoquinoline, methylpiperazine, naphthalene, phenyl, quinoline, tetrahydronaphthalene, tetramethylcyclopropane, amino oxobutane, amino dimethyl oxobutane, amino phenyl oxopropane, methyl methoxy oxobutane, methoxy dimethyl oxobutane, methoxy phenyl oxopropane, or an amino acid. (3) \u201cLink component\u201d is one of the following functional groups:  carboxamide, carboxylate, hydrazide, methanone (ketone), ethanone, methanediyl (methylene bridge), or methine...  ... (5) any compound containing a core component substituted at the 1-position to any extent, and substituted at the 3-position with a link component attached to a group A component, whether or not the core component or group A component are further substituted to any extent\" Another approach (here from the UK) is to list an example structure and then specify ways in which it can be modified by swapping various parts of the molecule with alternative substituent groups, for example;  \"...", "In April 1974 Kelly asked McCann to join The Dubliners temporarily, to replace Ciar\u00e1n Bourke during a period of illness. However, he became a permanent member soon afterwards, when Ronnie Drew left the group to pursue a solo career. McCann remained with The Dubliners until the end of 1979, during which he toured incessantly, also recording several albums with the group. He did rejoin The Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary tour and later at Vicar Street in 2012 for their 50th. He continued to perform, tour, and record music as a solo artist, appearing on many television shows (particularly on RT\u00c9) and achieving success with albums such as \"From Clare to Here\" and singles such as \"Grace\". He rejoined the Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary album, but during the subsequent tour was diagnosed with throat cancer. Although treatment for the illness was successful, the damage to his voice left him unable to sing. However, he still collaborated with the Dubliners by taking the photographs for them, appearing as a compere in their concerts, and sometimes playing the guitar. During the Dubliners' last concert in December 2012, he performed with them as a guitarist. McCann's death was announced by his family on 5 March 2015. He had been battling throat cancer for some time.", "Eamonn Campbell Eamonn Campbell (29 November 1946 \u2013 18 October 2017) was an Irish musician who was a member of The Dubliners from 1987 until his death. He was also in the Dubliners when they recorded their 25th anniversary show on \"The Late Late Show\" hosted by Gay Byrne. He is known as a guitarist and has a rough voice similar to the late Dubliner founding member Ronnie Drew. He toured with three other ex-Dubliners as \"The Dublin Legends\", now that the group name has been retired with the death of Barney McKenna. Campbell was originally from Drogheda in County Louth, but latterly lived in Walkinstown, a suburb of Dublin. It was his suggestion that the Dubliners work with London-based Irish band The Pogues in the mid-1980s, thus giving them their second biggest UK hit to date (\"The Irish Rover\"); their biggest hit was Seven Drunken Nights which reached number 7 in the charts in 1967. and an appearance on \"Top of the Pops\". He produced all of the Dubliners' albums from 1987 onwards, as well as albums for many other Irish artists, including Foster and Allen, Brendan Shine, Daniel O'Donnell and Paddy Reilly. He played locally with the Delta Showband, The Bee Vee Five and the Country Gents before joining Dermot O'Brien and the Clubmen and first met The Dubliners when both acts toured England together in 1967. In the mid to late 1970's Eamonn more or less retired from the road and became involved in the growing Irish recording scene, first as a session musician and later moving to production. In 2002, Campbell put a complaint to a Commission to Inquire into Sexual Abuse as he said he was abused by The Christian Brothers as a child."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some factors of the success of The Dubliners?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners sang rebel songs such as \"The Old Alarm Clock\", \"The Foggy Dew\" and \"Off to Dublin in the Green\".", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ea34fd6e7a54251b9a6fea18cc43649_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the album Success, was there any other interesting aspects about The Dubliners in this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Eamonn Campbell Eamonn Campbell (29 November 1946 \u2013 18 October 2017) was an Irish musician who was a member of The Dubliners from 1987 until his death. He was also in the Dubliners when they recorded their 25th anniversary show on \"The Late Late Show\" hosted by Gay Byrne. He is known as a guitarist and has a rough voice similar to the late Dubliner founding member Ronnie Drew. He toured with three other ex-Dubliners as \"The Dublin Legends\", now that the group name has been retired with the death of Barney McKenna. Campbell was originally from Drogheda in County Louth, but latterly lived in Walkinstown, a suburb of Dublin. It was his suggestion that the Dubliners work with London-based Irish band The Pogues in the mid-1980s, thus giving them their second biggest UK hit to date (\"The Irish Rover\"); their biggest hit was Seven Drunken Nights which reached number 7 in the charts in 1967. and an appearance on \"Top of the Pops\". He produced all of the Dubliners' albums from 1987 onwards, as well as albums for many other Irish artists, including Foster and Allen, Brendan Shine, Daniel O'Donnell and Paddy Reilly. He played locally with the Delta Showband, The Bee Vee Five and the Country Gents before joining Dermot O'Brien and the Clubmen and first met The Dubliners when both acts toured England together in 1967. In the mid to late 1970's Eamonn more or less retired from the road and became involved in the growing Irish recording scene, first as a session musician and later moving to production. In 2002, Campbell put a complaint to a Commission to Inquire into Sexual Abuse as he said he was abused by The Christian Brothers as a child.", "Double Dubliners Double Dubliners is The Dubliners' ninth studio album. It is also known as \"Alive and Well\", the title it was released under on the Polydor label It's the Dubliners site for the album. A standout track here is a recitation by Ronnie Drew of P\u00e1draig Pearse's poem \"The Rebel\". This album features the original members. Other notable tracks here are \"The Sun Is Burning\" and \"The Night Visiting Song\", both sung by Luke Kelly. In December 1983, \"The Night Visiting Song\" would become the final song to be performed by Luke Kelly with The Dubliners on Irish television.", "Patsy Watchorn Patsy Watchorn (born 16 October 1944 in Crumlin, Dublin) is an Irish folk singer. He is notable for being a member of the Dublin City Ramblers and later The Dubliners. Watchorn first came to prominence around 1969 as the lead singer of The Quare Fellas, a Dublin-based ballad group, in 1969. They evolved into the Dublin City Ramblers in the early 1970s and with Patsy as their lead singer they had hits with songs such as \"The Rare Ould Times\" and \"The Ferryman\", both of which were written by Pete St. John. Patsy also wrote and sang the Irish Football Team anthem for their European Championship campaign in Germany and again for the World Cup in 1990 in Italy \"We are the Boys in Green\" (Home & Away Album) with The Dublin City Ramblers. The lyrics changed slightly in both releases in 1988 and 1990. In 1995, Watchorn left the Dublin City Ramblers and made a number of solo albums. He joined The Dubliners in 2005, taking Paddy Reilly's place. He has appeared on their \"Tour Sampler\" EP in 2005, as well as the double album \"Live at Vicar Street\" (2006). Patsy plays the banjo, bodhr\u00e1n and spoons. He cites Luke Kelly, former lead singer with The Dubliners as his favourite singer. Patsy sang with the Dubliners and was well received throughout Ireland, the UK, Europe, Australia and the USA. When The Dubliners announced their retirement in 2012 after finishing their 50 Years Anniversary Tour, Patsy Watchorn decided to keep on touring with former band members Se\u00e1n Cannon and Eamonn Campbell and Banjo player Gerry O'Connor under the name of \"The Dublin Legends\". On 28 April 2014", "Together Again (The Dubliners album) Together Again is a studio album by The Dubliners. Produced by Pete St. John and featuring four of his compositions, this album, released on the Chyme label in 1979, saw Ronnie Drew return to The Dubliners following Jim McCann's departure. This was the last studio album by The Dubliners to feature Luke Kelly. All tracks Traditional, arranged by The Dubliners; except where indicated", "In April 1974 Kelly asked McCann to join The Dubliners temporarily, to replace Ciar\u00e1n Bourke during a period of illness. However, he became a permanent member soon afterwards, when Ronnie Drew left the group to pursue a solo career. McCann remained with The Dubliners until the end of 1979, during which he toured incessantly, also recording several albums with the group. He did rejoin The Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary tour and later at Vicar Street in 2012 for their 50th. He continued to perform, tour, and record music as a solo artist, appearing on many television shows (particularly on RT\u00c9) and achieving success with albums such as \"From Clare to Here\" and singles such as \"Grace\". He rejoined the Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary album, but during the subsequent tour was diagnosed with throat cancer. Although treatment for the illness was successful, the damage to his voice left him unable to sing. However, he still collaborated with the Dubliners by taking the photographs for them, appearing as a compere in their concerts, and sometimes playing the guitar. During the Dubliners' last concert in December 2012, he performed with them as a guitarist. McCann's death was announced by his family on 5 March 2015. He had been battling throat cancer for some time."], "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners also gained popularity amongst famous musicians such as Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, Jimi Hendrix and Pink Floyd's drummer Nick Mason,", "answer_start": 1133}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some factors of the success of The Dubliners?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners sang rebel songs such as \"The Old Alarm Clock\", \"The Foggy Dew\" and \"Off to Dublin in the Green\".", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was any of this songs a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ea34fd6e7a54251b9a6fea18cc43649_0_q#3", "question": "Did the band toured?", "rewrite": "Did The Dubliners tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ciar\u00e1n Bourke Ciar\u00e1n Bourke (18 February 1935\u201410 May 1988) was an Irish musician and one of the original founding members of the Irish folk band The Dubliners. Ciar\u00e1n Bourke was born in Dublin on 18 February 1935, but lived most of his life in Tibradden, County Dublin. His father, a doctor, was in practice in the city. The children had an Irish-speaking nanny. Ciar\u00e1n's early exposure to Gaelic continued throughout his education, attending Colaiste Mhuire, Parnell Square, Dublin. He later attended University College Dublin for a course in Agricultural Science. He did not take his degree but always retained an interest in farming. After leaving university he met two of his future bandmates in The Dubliners, Ronnie Drew and Barney McKenna, who invited Ciar\u00e1n to join their sessions in O'Donoghue's Pub where he played tin whistle, mouth organ and guitar, as well as singing. Luke Kelly, who had been singing around the clubs in England, returned to Dublin and joined them; the four gained local popularity. Taking the name The Dubliners, the group put together the first folk concert of its kind in Dublin. The concert was a success, then a theatrical production called \u201cA Ballad Tour of Ireland\u201d was put on at the Gate Theatre shortly afterwards. In 1964 fiddle player John Sheahan joined the band, and this became known as the original Dubliners line-up. Ciar\u00e1n was responsible for bringing a Gaelic element to The Dubliners' music with songs such as \"Peggy Lettermore\" and \"S\u00e9 F\u00e1th Mo Bhuartha\" being performed in the Irish language.", "In April 1974 Kelly asked McCann to join The Dubliners temporarily, to replace Ciar\u00e1n Bourke during a period of illness. However, he became a permanent member soon afterwards, when Ronnie Drew left the group to pursue a solo career. McCann remained with The Dubliners until the end of 1979, during which he toured incessantly, also recording several albums with the group. He did rejoin The Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary tour and later at Vicar Street in 2012 for their 50th. He continued to perform, tour, and record music as a solo artist, appearing on many television shows (particularly on RT\u00c9) and achieving success with albums such as \"From Clare to Here\" and singles such as \"Grace\". He rejoined the Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary album, but during the subsequent tour was diagnosed with throat cancer. Although treatment for the illness was successful, the damage to his voice left him unable to sing. However, he still collaborated with the Dubliners by taking the photographs for them, appearing as a compere in their concerts, and sometimes playing the guitar. During the Dubliners' last concert in December 2012, he performed with them as a guitarist. McCann's death was announced by his family on 5 March 2015. He had been battling throat cancer for some time.", "Dubliners 50 Years Anniversary Tour The Dubliners 50th Anniversary Tour was a tour in 2012 by The Dubliners celebrating 50 years. The group was awarded a lifetime achievement award by BBC Radio 2 in February. However, in April, founding member and tenor banjo player Barney McKenna died. Banjo player Gerry O'Connor filled his place until the end of the tour. In November the group released the album \"50 Years\" charting in the Irish Top 10. John Sheahan after 48 years decided he could no longer continue with the band due to the death of Barney McKenna. In December the group played its final concerts at Vicar Street and were joined on stage by Jim McCann. The band met with President Michael Higgins in the presidential palace in Dublin. The group appeared on BBC's \"Jools Holland Annual Hootenanny\" on New Year's Eve. With the exception of John Sheahan, the rest of the group continues touring as The Dublin Legends - Spirit of the Dubliners. Encore:", "Eamonn Campbell Eamonn Campbell (29 November 1946 \u2013 18 October 2017) was an Irish musician who was a member of The Dubliners from 1987 until his death. He was also in the Dubliners when they recorded their 25th anniversary show on \"The Late Late Show\" hosted by Gay Byrne. He is known as a guitarist and has a rough voice similar to the late Dubliner founding member Ronnie Drew. He toured with three other ex-Dubliners as \"The Dublin Legends\", now that the group name has been retired with the death of Barney McKenna. Campbell was originally from Drogheda in County Louth, but latterly lived in Walkinstown, a suburb of Dublin. It was his suggestion that the Dubliners work with London-based Irish band The Pogues in the mid-1980s, thus giving them their second biggest UK hit to date (\"The Irish Rover\"); their biggest hit was Seven Drunken Nights which reached number 7 in the charts in 1967. and an appearance on \"Top of the Pops\". He produced all of the Dubliners' albums from 1987 onwards, as well as albums for many other Irish artists, including Foster and Allen, Brendan Shine, Daniel O'Donnell and Paddy Reilly. He played locally with the Delta Showband, The Bee Vee Five and the Country Gents before joining Dermot O'Brien and the Clubmen and first met The Dubliners when both acts toured England together in 1967. In the mid to late 1970's Eamonn more or less retired from the road and became involved in the growing Irish recording scene, first as a session musician and later moving to production. In 2002, Campbell put a complaint to a Commission to Inquire into Sexual Abuse as he said he was abused by The Christian Brothers as a child.", "Patsy Watchorn Patsy Watchorn (born 16 October 1944 in Crumlin, Dublin) is an Irish folk singer. He is notable for being a member of the Dublin City Ramblers and later The Dubliners. Watchorn first came to prominence around 1969 as the lead singer of The Quare Fellas, a Dublin-based ballad group, in 1969. They evolved into the Dublin City Ramblers in the early 1970s and with Patsy as their lead singer they had hits with songs such as \"The Rare Ould Times\" and \"The Ferryman\", both of which were written by Pete St. John. Patsy also wrote and sang the Irish Football Team anthem for their European Championship campaign in Germany and again for the World Cup in 1990 in Italy \"We are the Boys in Green\" (Home & Away Album) with The Dublin City Ramblers. The lyrics changed slightly in both releases in 1988 and 1990. In 1995, Watchorn left the Dublin City Ramblers and made a number of solo albums. He joined The Dubliners in 2005, taking Paddy Reilly's place. He has appeared on their \"Tour Sampler\" EP in 2005, as well as the double album \"Live at Vicar Street\" (2006). Patsy plays the banjo, bodhr\u00e1n and spoons. He cites Luke Kelly, former lead singer with The Dubliners as his favourite singer. Patsy sang with the Dubliners and was well received throughout Ireland, the UK, Europe, Australia and the USA. When The Dubliners announced their retirement in 2012 after finishing their 50 Years Anniversary Tour, Patsy Watchorn decided to keep on touring with former band members Se\u00e1n Cannon and Eamonn Campbell and Banjo player Gerry O'Connor under the name of \"The Dublin Legends\". On 28 April 2014"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some factors of the success of The Dubliners?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners sang rebel songs such as \"The Old Alarm Clock\", \"The Foggy Dew\" and \"Off to Dublin in the Green\".", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was any of this songs a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners also gained popularity amongst famous musicians such as Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, Jimi Hendrix and Pink Floyd's drummer Nick Mason,", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ea34fd6e7a54251b9a6fea18cc43649_0_q#4", "question": "Did they release a famous album?", "rewrite": "Did The Dubliners release a famous album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Patsy Watchorn Patsy Watchorn (born 16 October 1944 in Crumlin, Dublin) is an Irish folk singer. He is notable for being a member of the Dublin City Ramblers and later The Dubliners. Watchorn first came to prominence around 1969 as the lead singer of The Quare Fellas, a Dublin-based ballad group, in 1969. They evolved into the Dublin City Ramblers in the early 1970s and with Patsy as their lead singer they had hits with songs such as \"The Rare Ould Times\" and \"The Ferryman\", both of which were written by Pete St. John. Patsy also wrote and sang the Irish Football Team anthem for their European Championship campaign in Germany and again for the World Cup in 1990 in Italy \"We are the Boys in Green\" (Home & Away Album) with The Dublin City Ramblers. The lyrics changed slightly in both releases in 1988 and 1990. In 1995, Watchorn left the Dublin City Ramblers and made a number of solo albums. He joined The Dubliners in 2005, taking Paddy Reilly's place. He has appeared on their \"Tour Sampler\" EP in 2005, as well as the double album \"Live at Vicar Street\" (2006). Patsy plays the banjo, bodhr\u00e1n and spoons. He cites Luke Kelly, former lead singer with The Dubliners as his favourite singer. Patsy sang with the Dubliners and was well received throughout Ireland, the UK, Europe, Australia and the USA. When The Dubliners announced their retirement in 2012 after finishing their 50 Years Anniversary Tour, Patsy Watchorn decided to keep on touring with former band members Se\u00e1n Cannon and Eamonn Campbell and Banjo player Gerry O'Connor under the name of \"The Dublin Legends\". On 28 April 2014", "Double Dubliners Double Dubliners is The Dubliners' ninth studio album. It is also known as \"Alive and Well\", the title it was released under on the Polydor label It's the Dubliners site for the album. A standout track here is a recitation by Ronnie Drew of P\u00e1draig Pearse's poem \"The Rebel\". This album features the original members. Other notable tracks here are \"The Sun Is Burning\" and \"The Night Visiting Song\", both sung by Luke Kelly. In December 1983, \"The Night Visiting Song\" would become the final song to be performed by Luke Kelly with The Dubliners on Irish television.", "In April 1974 Kelly asked McCann to join The Dubliners temporarily, to replace Ciar\u00e1n Bourke during a period of illness. However, he became a permanent member soon afterwards, when Ronnie Drew left the group to pursue a solo career. McCann remained with The Dubliners until the end of 1979, during which he toured incessantly, also recording several albums with the group. He did rejoin The Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary tour and later at Vicar Street in 2012 for their 50th. He continued to perform, tour, and record music as a solo artist, appearing on many television shows (particularly on RT\u00c9) and achieving success with albums such as \"From Clare to Here\" and singles such as \"Grace\". He rejoined the Dubliners in 2002 for their 40th anniversary album, but during the subsequent tour was diagnosed with throat cancer. Although treatment for the illness was successful, the damage to his voice left him unable to sing. However, he still collaborated with the Dubliners by taking the photographs for them, appearing as a compere in their concerts, and sometimes playing the guitar. During the Dubliners' last concert in December 2012, he performed with them as a guitarist. McCann's death was announced by his family on 5 March 2015. He had been battling throat cancer for some time.", "Eamonn Campbell Eamonn Campbell (29 November 1946 \u2013 18 October 2017) was an Irish musician who was a member of The Dubliners from 1987 until his death. He was also in the Dubliners when they recorded their 25th anniversary show on \"The Late Late Show\" hosted by Gay Byrne. He is known as a guitarist and has a rough voice similar to the late Dubliner founding member Ronnie Drew. He toured with three other ex-Dubliners as \"The Dublin Legends\", now that the group name has been retired with the death of Barney McKenna. Campbell was originally from Drogheda in County Louth, but latterly lived in Walkinstown, a suburb of Dublin. It was his suggestion that the Dubliners work with London-based Irish band The Pogues in the mid-1980s, thus giving them their second biggest UK hit to date (\"The Irish Rover\"); their biggest hit was Seven Drunken Nights which reached number 7 in the charts in 1967. and an appearance on \"Top of the Pops\". He produced all of the Dubliners' albums from 1987 onwards, as well as albums for many other Irish artists, including Foster and Allen, Brendan Shine, Daniel O'Donnell and Paddy Reilly. He played locally with the Delta Showband, The Bee Vee Five and the Country Gents before joining Dermot O'Brien and the Clubmen and first met The Dubliners when both acts toured England together in 1967. In the mid to late 1970's Eamonn more or less retired from the road and became involved in the growing Irish recording scene, first as a session musician and later moving to production. In 2002, Campbell put a complaint to a Commission to Inquire into Sexual Abuse as he said he was abused by The Christian Brothers as a child.", "Together Again (The Dubliners album) Together Again is a studio album by The Dubliners. Produced by Pete St. John and featuring four of his compositions, this album, released on the Chyme label in 1979, saw Ronnie Drew return to The Dubliners following Jim McCann's departure. This was the last studio album by The Dubliners to feature Luke Kelly. All tracks Traditional, arranged by The Dubliners; except where indicated"], "answer": {"text": "Their 1967 recordings of \"Seven Drunken Nights\" and \"The Black Velvet Band\" were released on the fledgling Major Minor label,", "answer_start": 155}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some factors of the success of The Dubliners?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners sang rebel songs such as \"The Old Alarm Clock\", \"The Foggy Dew\" and \"Off to Dublin in the Green\".", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was any of this songs a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners also gained popularity amongst famous musicians such as Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, Jimi Hendrix and Pink Floyd's drummer Nick Mason,", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band toured?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ea34fd6e7a54251b9a6fea18cc43649_0_q#5", "question": "Who else contributed to the bands success?", "rewrite": "In addition to the Major Minor label, who else contributed to The Dubliners success?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Dubliners became well known, not just in Ireland but also as pioneers for Irish folk in Europe and also (though less successful) in the United States. Their 1967 recordings of \"Seven Drunken Nights\" and \"The Black Velvet Band\" were released on the fledgling Major Minor label, and were heavily promoted on pirate radio station Radio Caroline. The result was that both records reached the top 20 in the UK pop charts. A third single, \"Maids, When You're Young Never Wed an Old Man\" reached number 43 in December 1967. It was their last UK hit single till they recorded with The Pogues in 1987. In 1974, Ronnie Drew decided to quit the band, to spend more time with his family. He was replaced with Jim McCann. Before joining the band McCann had a TV show in the early seventies called The McCann man. He is best known for his incarnations of \"Carrickfergus\", Makem's \"Four Green Fields\", and \"Lord of the Dance\". He stayed with the band until 1979 when he left to start a solo career; then Ronnie Drew rejoined the band. First Ronnie went to Norway to record two songs in the Norwegian language with the Norwegian band Bergeners. The Dubliners also gained popularity amongst famous musicians such as Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, Jimi Hendrix and Pink Floyd's drummer Nick Mason, who were all self-proclaimed Dubliners fans. In the 1960s, The Dubliners sang rebel songs such as \"The Old Alarm Clock\", \"The Foggy Dew\" and \"Off to Dublin in the Green\". However, the conflict in Northern Ireland from 1969 onwards led them to drop most of these from their repertoire. They resumed performing such songs occasionally towards the end of their career.", "\" (\"I love you ... me neither\"). Gainsbourg originally wrote the song for Brigitte Bardot. The song caused a scandal for its sexual explicitness, and was banned by radio stations in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. \"Je t'aime\" made UK chart history in that on 4 October 1969 and the following week on 11 October, the song was at two different chart positions even though it is the same song, the same artists, and the same recorded version. The only difference was that they were on different record labels. It was originally released on the Fontana label, but due to its controversy, Fontana withdrew the record which was then released on the Major Minor label. Because there were Fontana singles still in the shops along with the Major Minor release, on 4 October 1969 the Major Minor release was at number 3 and the Fontana single at number 16. Also at that time it was the biggest ever selling single for a completely foreign language record. She appeared on Gainsbourg's 1971 album \"Histoire de Melody Nelson\", portraying the Lolita-like protagonist in song and on the cover. Reflecting on being a muse and collaborator of Gainsbourg's, Birkin commented: \"[It is] very flattering to have the most beautiful songs, probably, in the French language written for one. [But] how much talent did I really have? Perhaps not that much. \" She took a break from acting in 1971\u20131972, but returned as Brigitte Bardot's lover in \"Don Juan, or If Don Juan Were a Woman\" (1973). The same year, she had a supporting role in the horror film \"Dark Places\" with Christopher Lee and Joan Collins.", "One of the greatest successes by an artist from Solomon's stable was \"Terry\" by the English singer Twinkle, a song about a young man killed in a motorcycle accident. In the eyes of the BBC the song was an example of bad taste and the station refused to broadcast it; in spite of this the record reached number 4 in the UK Singles Chart. Other artists under Solomon's wing were Phil Coulter, the comedian Freddie Davies and the poet Pam Ayres. In 1966 Solomon founded his own record label Major Minor Records. When the pirate station Radio Caroline ran into trouble thanks to a heavy burden of debt, he helped clearing the debts. In exchange, he joined the board of directors. Caroline's disc jockeys were from now on obliged to play a given number of Major Minor records every day. Solomon also compelled other record companies to pay Caroline for 'plugging' their new records. These measures limited the disc jockeys' freedom to choose their own music. Some of them rebelled. Michael Pasternak, who called himself 'Emperor Rosko', was fired a few times by Solomon, because he refused to play Major Minor records \u2013 and re-employed by Caroline's co-director Ronan O'Rahilly. Even Solomon could not prevent Radio Caroline's demise. Both ships that broadcast Caroline's programs were seized by creditors in March 1968. This event marked the end of his involvement with the pirate station. Major Minor featured many Irish and Northern Irish artists, among them The Dubliners. Their \"Seven Drunken Nights\" was banned by the BBC in 1967 (like Twinkle's record a few years before), but reached the British Top Ten nevertheless. The label also owned the rights to the British versions of the records by Johnny Nash. Major Minor also released a few early records by the Dutch group Golden Earring.", "A Drop of The Dubliners A Drop of The Dubliners is a compilation album by The Dubliners, released by Major Minor label as their contract with them ended. It consisted of tracks already available on the previous Major Minor releases, with the exception of the previously unavailable \"Lock Up Your Daughters\", a very rare track featuring a lead vocal shared by Ronnie Drew and Luke Kelly.", "Major Minor Records Major Minor Records was a Northern Irish record label started by Phil Solomon in 1966. It had a distribution deal with Decca Records. Artists on the label included the Dubliners and Johnny Nash. Phil Solomon was also co-director of Radio Caroline in the mid-1960s. In August 1967 the Wilson government outlawed pirate radio and, although Radio Caroline continued, it started excessively promoting records from the Major Minor label. Caroline's DJs were unhappy with the type of music they were being forced to play and it is doubtful that much of the revenue from the record label actually went back into the radio station. In March 1968, the two Caroline ships were silenced when they were seized by creditors.<ref name=\"Henry/von Joel\"></ref> Major Minor's big chart moment came in 1969, when the label picked up a 'dropped' record and took it to Number 1 in the UK Singles Chart. The track, \"Je t'aime... moi non plus\" by Jane Birkin and Serge Gainsbourg, was originally released on Fontana. Despite being performed in French, the song's obvious sexual tone resulted in a widescale ban from mainstream radio stations, and Fontana deleted the single during its chart ascent, allegedly because the wife of Fontana's boss was appalled at her husband's company releasing such a song. Major Minor acquired the licensing rights, and got their best selling single on the back of the controversy. Charles Aznavour is another French artist who worked with Major Minor (a single, \"To My Daughter\" / \" Yesterday When I Was Young\", and an LP, \"Aznavour Sings Aznavour\"). Soul and jazz musicians on the label included Dizzy Gillespie, Sam and Dave, the Isley Brothers, Kim Weston and Cissy Houston."], "answer": {"text": "then Ronnie Drew rejoined the band.", "answer_start": 988}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some factors of the success of The Dubliners?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners sang rebel songs such as \"The Old Alarm Clock\", \"The Foggy Dew\" and \"Off to Dublin in the Green\".", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was any of this songs a hit?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The Dubliners also gained popularity amongst famous musicians such as Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, Jimi Hendrix and Pink Floyd's drummer Nick Mason,", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band toured?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release a famous album?", "answer": {"text": "Their 1967 recordings of \"Seven Drunken Nights\" and \"The Black Velvet Band\" were released on the fledgling Major Minor label,", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ed934b0b127456c95a20df2467447af_0_q#0", "question": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "rewrite": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While Yates got an acceptable rating in 2005, Houston and Kashmere continued to get unacceptable ratings. Abelardo Saavedra, the superintendent of HISD, described Houston as being \"close\" to getting an acceptable rating. In August 2006 the school learned that it again got an unacceptable rating from the Texas Education Agency. HISD threatened to close Sam Houston. Sam Houston was not closed and it received another unacceptable rating from the TEA. Houston ISD, stated that the board would consider spending $300,000 to find a method to improve Sam Houston's marks from the TEA. In 2008 the Texas Education Agency Commissioner Robert Scott ordered the closure of Sam Houston; the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that HISD would likely replace 75% of the teachers and change the name of the school. The campus now houses Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center for 2010\u20132012 and a ninth grade academy. The administration hopes that the changes would cause Sam Houston to get an acceptable rating. In 2007, an Associated Press/Johns Hopkins University study referred to Sam Houston as a \"dropout factory\" where at least 40% of the entering freshman class does not make it to their senior year. During the 2005-2006 school year, the school had 2,678 students. No Native Americans were enrolled during that school year. Approximately 89% of the students qualified for free/reduced lunch. Several areas of Houston outside of the 610 Loop that are far north of Downtown and south of Aldine are zoned to Sam Houston. Neighborhoods include Melrose Park, Hardy Acres, Hardy Heights, Assumption Heights, Roos Acres, Virginia Acres, Sunnyland Farms, Oakwood, and Northline Terrace. Two Houston Housing Authority public housing complexes, Heatherbrook Apartments and Oxford Place, are zoned to the school. Some small sections of unincorporated Harris County are zoned to Sam Houston High School.", "Sam Houston Johnson Samuel Houston Johnson (January 31, 1914 \u2013 December 11, 1978) was an American businessman. He was the younger brother of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Sam Houston Johnson was born in Johnson City, Texas on January 31, 1914, to Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines. He attended Southwest Texas State Teachers College, as had his brother Lyndon, and the University of Texas at Austin. He received a law degree from Cumberland School of Law in 1934. For most of his life Sam Houston Johnson was an aide and adviser to his older brother Lyndon B. Johnson; he was part of a network of supporters his brother used to maintain awareness of or control over political activities in Texas. When Lyndon Johnson was appointed Director of the National Youth Administration in Texas in the 1930s, Sam Houston Johnson replaced him as chief aide to Congressman Richard M. Kleberg. Sam Houston Johnson later worked for the National Youth Administration in Texas. He also worked as an appraiser for the Federal Land Bank in Houston, and reported to his brother on its activities. During World War II, Sam Johnson worked on the staff of the War Production Board. In addition, he was employed as a member of his brother's Senate staff, and worked on Lyndon Johnson's campaigns. Besides working for and with his brother, Sam Houston Johnson also worked as an insurance executive and as the Mexico representative of a Texas international trucking company. Sam Houston Johnson was an alcoholic. In his later years, his drinking, coupled with physical disability caused by a broken hip, limited his effectiveness as a member of his brother's organization. In 1970 Johnson wrote a memoir, \"My Brother Lyndon\", which praised his brother in most respects, but was critical in others. At the time, Sam Houston Johnson indicated that he was estranged from his brother, but said his book was not the cause.", "Two Sam Houston special teams member both chased the ball to score a defensive touchdown, but they collided while diving for the ball, sending the ball rolling out the back of the endzone for a safety, resulting in a 2-0 Sam Houston score. Sam Houston kicker Miguel Antonio scored two field goals during the period, a 20-yard kick near the middle of the quarter and a 32-yard goal in the final minute, giving Sam Houston an 8-0 lead at halftime. Cal Poly struck back in the third quarter, with kicker Bobby Zalud scoring a 23-yard field goal at the 9:44 minute mark and again at the 3:48 mark to bring the score to 8-6 Sam Houston. Sam Houston then scored its only touchdown of the game in the final 30 seconds of the quarter with an 18-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell to running back Keshawn Hill, raising Sam Houston's lead to 15-6. Cal Poly scored next during the fourth quarter with a 48-yard field goal by Zalud at the 9:25-minute mark to narrow Sam Houston's lead to 15-9. Sam Houston responded with 3:23 remaining with a 26-yard field goal by Antonio, spreading the lead to 18-9 Sam Houston. Cal Poly drove down the field with its next possession, and Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadous lateraled to wide receiver Ryan Taylor who in turn connected with wide receiver Wille Tucker on a 50-yard scoring pass with 1:34 remaining. The extra point by Zalud brought Cal Poly within two points of Sam Houston. Cal Poly attempted an onside kick, however Sam Houston wide receiver Trey Diller recovered the kick and the Bearkats ran out the remaining time by taking a knee, with the final score 18-16 Sam Houston. Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 19 passes for a total 88 yards.", "With the win, Sam Houston improves to 5-2. McNeese leads the series 22-7. Sources: The 19th meeting between the Cardinals and the Bearkats gave Sam Houston State back-to-back games in the state of Texas. The Bearkats owned a 10-7-1 series advantage with most of the success having occurred in recent years, having won 7 of the last 8 meetings. Sam Houston got on the scoreboard late in the first quarter with a seven-yard run by running back Tim Flanders, and with the extra point by kicker Miguel Antonio brought it to 7-0 Sam Houston. Flanders scored again with 12:29 remaining in the second quarter, and Bearkats wide receiver Trey Diller caught a 48-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell at the 1:16-minute mark, with Sam Houston leading 21-0 at halftime. Flanders struck again early in the third quarter with a 59-yard scoring run at the 13:54 marker to raise the score to 28-0 Sam Houston, and then scored a fourth touchdown on a 10-yard run four minutes later for total 35-0 Sam Houston. Later in the quarter, running back Keshawn Hill scored on a six-yard run, bringing the score to 42-0 Sam Houston. On the next play, Lamar wide receiver Kevin Johnson ran an 89-yard kickoff return to put the Cardinals on the scoreboard 42-7 Sam Houston. Early in the fourth quarter, Sam Houston wide receiver Richard Sincere, in as quarterback, threw a 42-yard scoring pass to receiver Brandon Wilkerson, raising the score to 49-7 Sam Houston. Sam Houston's Cody Morgan made the final score of the game, a three-yard run with 4:41 remaining, for a final score of 56-7 Sam Houston.", "Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center (SHMSTC) is a secondary school located at 9400 Irvington Boulevard in Houston, Texas, United States. Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center handles grades nine through twelve and is part of the Houston Independent School District. Before 1955, it was located in Downtown Houston. Established in 1889, Sam Houston operates the oldest high school newspaper in Texas, the \"Aegis\". Additionally, the school boasts the world's first female-only military drill squad initially known as the \"Black Battalion\" but now called the \"Tigerettes\". The school is often referred to simply as \"Sam\" by students, alumni, and faculty. Sam Houston High School Baseball Field is located at . It was founded in Downtown Houston in 1878 as Houston Academy. Since then, it had several name changes. Until the 1950s the block bordered by Austin, Capitol, Caroline, and Rusk in Downtown Houston housed the institutions that make up what is now Sam Houston High School. Houston Academy was there in the 1850s. In 1894 Central High School was built. J.R. Gonzales of the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that the school was \"[d]escribed as one of the finest high schools in this part of the country\" and \"also attracted negative attention for its incredible cost. \" The school had a price tag of $80,000, $1.9 million in 2010 dollars. In March 1919 the school burned down. A new Sam Houston opened two years later. According to a 1936 \"Houston Chronicle\" article, Sam Houston was to be renamed after Dick Dowling, while the Sam Houston name would be taken by a new high school in southwestern Houston. This did not occur, and the school remained named after Sam Houston."], "answer": {"text": "Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9ed934b0b127456c95a20df2467447af_0_q#1", "question": "Who helped him?", "rewrite": "Who helped Sam Houston get elected to president of the republic of texas ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While Yates got an acceptable rating in 2005, Houston and Kashmere continued to get unacceptable ratings. Abelardo Saavedra, the superintendent of HISD, described Houston as being \"close\" to getting an acceptable rating. In August 2006 the school learned that it again got an unacceptable rating from the Texas Education Agency. HISD threatened to close Sam Houston. Sam Houston was not closed and it received another unacceptable rating from the TEA. Houston ISD, stated that the board would consider spending $300,000 to find a method to improve Sam Houston's marks from the TEA. In 2008 the Texas Education Agency Commissioner Robert Scott ordered the closure of Sam Houston; the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that HISD would likely replace 75% of the teachers and change the name of the school. The campus now houses Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center for 2010\u20132012 and a ninth grade academy. The administration hopes that the changes would cause Sam Houston to get an acceptable rating. In 2007, an Associated Press/Johns Hopkins University study referred to Sam Houston as a \"dropout factory\" where at least 40% of the entering freshman class does not make it to their senior year. During the 2005-2006 school year, the school had 2,678 students. No Native Americans were enrolled during that school year. Approximately 89% of the students qualified for free/reduced lunch. Several areas of Houston outside of the 610 Loop that are far north of Downtown and south of Aldine are zoned to Sam Houston. Neighborhoods include Melrose Park, Hardy Acres, Hardy Heights, Assumption Heights, Roos Acres, Virginia Acres, Sunnyland Farms, Oakwood, and Northline Terrace. Two Houston Housing Authority public housing complexes, Heatherbrook Apartments and Oxford Place, are zoned to the school. Some small sections of unincorporated Harris County are zoned to Sam Houston High School.", "Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center (SHMSTC) is a secondary school located at 9400 Irvington Boulevard in Houston, Texas, United States. Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center handles grades nine through twelve and is part of the Houston Independent School District. Before 1955, it was located in Downtown Houston. Established in 1889, Sam Houston operates the oldest high school newspaper in Texas, the \"Aegis\". Additionally, the school boasts the world's first female-only military drill squad initially known as the \"Black Battalion\" but now called the \"Tigerettes\". The school is often referred to simply as \"Sam\" by students, alumni, and faculty. Sam Houston High School Baseball Field is located at . It was founded in Downtown Houston in 1878 as Houston Academy. Since then, it had several name changes. Until the 1950s the block bordered by Austin, Capitol, Caroline, and Rusk in Downtown Houston housed the institutions that make up what is now Sam Houston High School. Houston Academy was there in the 1850s. In 1894 Central High School was built. J.R. Gonzales of the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that the school was \"[d]escribed as one of the finest high schools in this part of the country\" and \"also attracted negative attention for its incredible cost. \" The school had a price tag of $80,000, $1.9 million in 2010 dollars. In March 1919 the school burned down. A new Sam Houston opened two years later. According to a 1936 \"Houston Chronicle\" article, Sam Houston was to be renamed after Dick Dowling, while the Sam Houston name would be taken by a new high school in southwestern Houston. This did not occur, and the school remained named after Sam Houston.", "Arleigh B. Templeton Arleigh Brantley Templeton (April 18, 1916 \u2013 October 28, 2006) was an American academic administrator. He was president of Alvin Junior College, Sam Houston State University and the University of Texas at El Paso; he was also the first president of the University of Texas at San Antonio. Templeton served as president of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Templeton was born in New Waverly, Texas. He received an undergraduate degree from Sam Houston State Teachers College in 1936 and master's and doctoral degrees from the University of Houston. He was 19 when he became a principal and English, Spanish and algebra teacher at Willow Hole High School in Texas. Between 1937 and 1940, he was principal and taught biology, physics and math at League City High School. After serving in World War II and working for an oil company, he became an assistant superintendent and superintendent for several school districts in the Greater Houston area. After a stint as president of Alvin Junior College between 1954 and 1964, Templeton became president of Sam Houston State Teachers College. He succeeded Harmon Lowman, who had governed with a more informal style. Templeton made more demands on the Sam Houston faculty than his predecessor, placing an importance on student and faculty research and on increasing the percentage of doctorally-prepared professors. The school's name changed twice during his tenure, first to Sam Houston State College, then to Sam Houston State University in 1969. Sam Houston State's criminal justice programs were created during Templeton's time as president. Sam Houston State's criminal justice program offered the school's first doctoral degree. He was installed as the first president of the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1970, where he served for two years. He was then the president of the University of Texas at El Paso for several years.", "Two Sam Houston special teams member both chased the ball to score a defensive touchdown, but they collided while diving for the ball, sending the ball rolling out the back of the endzone for a safety, resulting in a 2-0 Sam Houston score. Sam Houston kicker Miguel Antonio scored two field goals during the period, a 20-yard kick near the middle of the quarter and a 32-yard goal in the final minute, giving Sam Houston an 8-0 lead at halftime. Cal Poly struck back in the third quarter, with kicker Bobby Zalud scoring a 23-yard field goal at the 9:44 minute mark and again at the 3:48 mark to bring the score to 8-6 Sam Houston. Sam Houston then scored its only touchdown of the game in the final 30 seconds of the quarter with an 18-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell to running back Keshawn Hill, raising Sam Houston's lead to 15-6. Cal Poly scored next during the fourth quarter with a 48-yard field goal by Zalud at the 9:25-minute mark to narrow Sam Houston's lead to 15-9. Sam Houston responded with 3:23 remaining with a 26-yard field goal by Antonio, spreading the lead to 18-9 Sam Houston. Cal Poly drove down the field with its next possession, and Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadous lateraled to wide receiver Ryan Taylor who in turn connected with wide receiver Wille Tucker on a 50-yard scoring pass with 1:34 remaining. The extra point by Zalud brought Cal Poly within two points of Sam Houston. Cal Poly attempted an onside kick, however Sam Houston wide receiver Trey Diller recovered the kick and the Bearkats ran out the remaining time by taking a knee, with the final score 18-16 Sam Houston. Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 19 passes for a total 88 yards.", "With the win, Sam Houston improves to 5-2. McNeese leads the series 22-7. Sources: The 19th meeting between the Cardinals and the Bearkats gave Sam Houston State back-to-back games in the state of Texas. The Bearkats owned a 10-7-1 series advantage with most of the success having occurred in recent years, having won 7 of the last 8 meetings. Sam Houston got on the scoreboard late in the first quarter with a seven-yard run by running back Tim Flanders, and with the extra point by kicker Miguel Antonio brought it to 7-0 Sam Houston. Flanders scored again with 12:29 remaining in the second quarter, and Bearkats wide receiver Trey Diller caught a 48-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell at the 1:16-minute mark, with Sam Houston leading 21-0 at halftime. Flanders struck again early in the third quarter with a 59-yard scoring run at the 13:54 marker to raise the score to 28-0 Sam Houston, and then scored a fourth touchdown on a 10-yard run four minutes later for total 35-0 Sam Houston. Later in the quarter, running back Keshawn Hill scored on a six-yard run, bringing the score to 42-0 Sam Houston. On the next play, Lamar wide receiver Kevin Johnson ran an 89-yard kickoff return to put the Cardinals on the scoreboard 42-7 Sam Houston. Early in the fourth quarter, Sam Houston wide receiver Richard Sincere, in as quarterback, threw a 42-yard scoring pass to receiver Brandon Wilkerson, raising the score to 49-7 Sam Houston. Sam Houston's Cody Morgan made the final score of the game, a three-yard run with 4:41 remaining, for a final score of 56-7 Sam Houston."], "answer": {"text": "To help save his political reputation, Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1622}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "answer": {"text": "Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ed934b0b127456c95a20df2467447af_0_q#2", "question": "Who was James Pinckney Henderson?", "rewrite": "Who was James Pinckney Henderson?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Henderson, Texas  Henderson is a city and the county seat of Rusk County, northeast Texas, United States. The population was 13,712 at the 2010 census. Henderson is named for James Pinckney Henderson, the first governor of Texas. The city has functioned as a major crossroads in Northeast Texas over the last two centuries. Several major highways pass through the business district of the town, including U.S. Route 259, Texas State Highway 64, U.S. Route 79, Texas State Highway 43, Texas State Highway 42 and Texas State Highway 64. Annual events in the city of Henderson include the Heritage Syrup Festival in November, celebrating the east Texas tradition of syrup making, and the \"East Texas Sacred Harp Convention\" in August featuring shape note music. The city has a vibrant downtown historic district, with many buildings dating to before the American Civil War. The city has 19 historical markers, including homes dating from the 1880s, churches, and colleges. Downtown Henderson is one of the most dramatic and charming downtowns in the East Texas area. Colorful, canvas awnings highlight the ornate buildings which house Henderson's downtown merchants and offer shade to downtown shoppers visiting the various antiques stores, clothing stores, and restaurants lining the Main Streets. The city of Henderson was established by European Americans before the State of Texas was founded. It was developed on land donated by W.B. Ochiltree and James Smith; it became the county seat of Rusk County when an act of legislature created Rusk County on January 16, 1843. The First Methodist and First Baptist churches were established in 1842 and 1845, respectively. The first courthouse, made of wood, was completed in 1849. After the Civil War, the International and Great Northern Railroad crossed through Rusk County but bypassed Henderson.", "James Pinckney Henderson James Pinckney Henderson (March 31, 1808 \u2013 June 4, 1858) was a United States and Republic of Texas lawyer, politician, soldier, and the first Governor of the State of Texas. He was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, on March 31, 1808 to Lawson Henderson and his wife Elizabeth Carruth Henderson. His birthplace Woodside, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. After graduating from Pleasant Retreat Academy, Henderson enrolled as a law student at the University of North Carolina. Upon his graduation, he studied 18 hours a day to pass his bar exam and was admitted to the North Carolina State Bar in 1829. Shortly after becoming a lawyer, Henderson served in the North Carolina militia, rising to the rank of colonel. In 1835, Colonel Henderson moved to Canton, Mississippi where he opened a law practice. His attention soon turned to the Texas struggle against Mexico. Henderson began making speeches to raise money and an army to go to the aid of the Texas cause. Henderson and several volunteers traveled to Texas hoping to participate in the fight for independence. By the time the group arrived in June 1836, many of the major events had already taken place. The Texas Declaration of Independence had already been signed on March 2, and David G. Burnet was elected interim President of the new Republic of Texas on March 10. The Alamo had fallen on March 6, and Sam Houston had been victorious on April 21 at the Battle of San Jacinto. On May 14, 1836, Antonio L\u00f3pez de Santa Anna has signed the Treaties of Velasco agreeing to withdraw his troops from Texas. Interim President Burnet commissioned Henderson as a Brigadier general in the Texas Army, with orders to return to North Carolina to raise troops to serve in Texas. This Henderson did at his own expense.", "Henderson County, Texas  Henderson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 78,532. The county seat is Athens. The county is named in honor of James Pinckney Henderson, the first Attorney General of the Republic of Texas, and Secretary of State for the republic. He later served as the first Governor of Texas. Henderson County was established in 1846, the year after Texas statehood. Its first town was Buffalo, laid out in 1847. The county boundaries were set in 1850, with some reduction from the previous size. The restructuring resulted in the need for a new county seat. In an election, Athens was chosen as the site for the \"courthouse under the oaks.\" Henderson County comprises the Athens, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK Combined Statistical Area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (7.9%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 73,277 people, 28,804 households, and 20,969 families residing in the county. The population density was 84 people per square mile (32/km\u00b2). There were 35,935 housing units at an average density of 41 per square mile (16/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of the county was 88.50% White, 6.61% Black or African American, 0.54% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.72% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. 6.92% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.", "Frances Cox Henderson Frances Cox Henderson (1820\u20131897) was the First Lady of Texas and the wife of the first Governor of Texas, James Pinckney Henderson. She was well-educated and multi-lingual, translating books in Europe. Throughout her life, she was involved in civic work such as women's suffrage, and helped run her husband's law office. She was instrumental in helping the Episcopal Church establish individual congregations in East Texas. In her final years living in New Jersey, she established the Good Shepherd home for women. She was born to John Cox and his wife Martha Lyman Cox on July 21, 1820, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1829, John Cox sent Frances and her siblings to Europe for their educations. Frances became fluent in eighteen of the twenty-five languages she eventually learned to speak., becoming a literary translator at age fourteen. She became adept at mathematics and showed talent as a musician. Later in life, she would exhibit organizational abilities that enabled her in civic endeavors. She was also a supporter of women's suffrage. The future First Lady of Texas met James Pinckney Henderson when he represented the Republic of Texas as a minister to France at the Tuileries Palace, and to England at the Court of St. James's. On October 30, 1839, the couple were wed at St George's, Hanover Square. They established a residence and law office in San Augustine. Frances became educated in the practice of the law in order to help run her husband's office. Frances Henderson was a member of the Episcopal Church and helped establish churches in the East Texas towns of Trinity, San Augustine, Rusk, Palestine and Nacogdoches. In her final years, she was a devoted member of St. Mark's Episcopal Church in New Jersey. The Hendersons had five children, of which daughters Martha, Fanny and Julia lived to adulthood.", "Woodside (Lincolnton, North Carolina)  Woodside, also known as the James Pinckney Henderson House, is a historic plantation house located near Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina. It was built about 1798, and is a two-story, four bay by three bay, Federal style brick dwelling with a Quaker plan interior. It has a gable roof, is set on a random granite foundation, and features three single-shouldered exterior end chimneys. It was built by Lawson Henderson and is believed to be the birthplace of his son Texas political leader James Pinckney Henderson (1808\u20131858). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973."], "answer": {"text": "Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1661}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "answer": {"text": "Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who helped him?", "answer": {"text": "To help save his political reputation, Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1622, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ed934b0b127456c95a20df2467447af_0_q#3", "question": "Anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Aside from Sam Houston being elected as the president of the republic of texas,Anything else interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With the win, Sam Houston improves to 5-2. McNeese leads the series 22-7. Sources: The 19th meeting between the Cardinals and the Bearkats gave Sam Houston State back-to-back games in the state of Texas. The Bearkats owned a 10-7-1 series advantage with most of the success having occurred in recent years, having won 7 of the last 8 meetings. Sam Houston got on the scoreboard late in the first quarter with a seven-yard run by running back Tim Flanders, and with the extra point by kicker Miguel Antonio brought it to 7-0 Sam Houston. Flanders scored again with 12:29 remaining in the second quarter, and Bearkats wide receiver Trey Diller caught a 48-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell at the 1:16-minute mark, with Sam Houston leading 21-0 at halftime. Flanders struck again early in the third quarter with a 59-yard scoring run at the 13:54 marker to raise the score to 28-0 Sam Houston, and then scored a fourth touchdown on a 10-yard run four minutes later for total 35-0 Sam Houston. Later in the quarter, running back Keshawn Hill scored on a six-yard run, bringing the score to 42-0 Sam Houston. On the next play, Lamar wide receiver Kevin Johnson ran an 89-yard kickoff return to put the Cardinals on the scoreboard 42-7 Sam Houston. Early in the fourth quarter, Sam Houston wide receiver Richard Sincere, in as quarterback, threw a 42-yard scoring pass to receiver Brandon Wilkerson, raising the score to 49-7 Sam Houston. Sam Houston's Cody Morgan made the final score of the game, a three-yard run with 4:41 remaining, for a final score of 56-7 Sam Houston.", "Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center (SHMSTC) is a secondary school located at 9400 Irvington Boulevard in Houston, Texas, United States. Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center handles grades nine through twelve and is part of the Houston Independent School District. Before 1955, it was located in Downtown Houston. Established in 1889, Sam Houston operates the oldest high school newspaper in Texas, the \"Aegis\". Additionally, the school boasts the world's first female-only military drill squad initially known as the \"Black Battalion\" but now called the \"Tigerettes\". The school is often referred to simply as \"Sam\" by students, alumni, and faculty. Sam Houston High School Baseball Field is located at . It was founded in Downtown Houston in 1878 as Houston Academy. Since then, it had several name changes. Until the 1950s the block bordered by Austin, Capitol, Caroline, and Rusk in Downtown Houston housed the institutions that make up what is now Sam Houston High School. Houston Academy was there in the 1850s. In 1894 Central High School was built. J.R. Gonzales of the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that the school was \"[d]escribed as one of the finest high schools in this part of the country\" and \"also attracted negative attention for its incredible cost. \" The school had a price tag of $80,000, $1.9 million in 2010 dollars. In March 1919 the school burned down. A new Sam Houston opened two years later. According to a 1936 \"Houston Chronicle\" article, Sam Houston was to be renamed after Dick Dowling, while the Sam Houston name would be taken by a new high school in southwestern Houston. This did not occur, and the school remained named after Sam Houston.", "Arleigh B. Templeton Arleigh Brantley Templeton (April 18, 1916 \u2013 October 28, 2006) was an American academic administrator. He was president of Alvin Junior College, Sam Houston State University and the University of Texas at El Paso; he was also the first president of the University of Texas at San Antonio. Templeton served as president of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Templeton was born in New Waverly, Texas. He received an undergraduate degree from Sam Houston State Teachers College in 1936 and master's and doctoral degrees from the University of Houston. He was 19 when he became a principal and English, Spanish and algebra teacher at Willow Hole High School in Texas. Between 1937 and 1940, he was principal and taught biology, physics and math at League City High School. After serving in World War II and working for an oil company, he became an assistant superintendent and superintendent for several school districts in the Greater Houston area. After a stint as president of Alvin Junior College between 1954 and 1964, Templeton became president of Sam Houston State Teachers College. He succeeded Harmon Lowman, who had governed with a more informal style. Templeton made more demands on the Sam Houston faculty than his predecessor, placing an importance on student and faculty research and on increasing the percentage of doctorally-prepared professors. The school's name changed twice during his tenure, first to Sam Houston State College, then to Sam Houston State University in 1969. Sam Houston State's criminal justice programs were created during Templeton's time as president. Sam Houston State's criminal justice program offered the school's first doctoral degree. He was installed as the first president of the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1970, where he served for two years. He was then the president of the University of Texas at El Paso for several years.", "Sam Houston Johnson Samuel Houston Johnson (January 31, 1914 \u2013 December 11, 1978) was an American businessman. He was the younger brother of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Sam Houston Johnson was born in Johnson City, Texas on January 31, 1914, to Samuel Ealy Johnson Jr. and Rebekah Baines. He attended Southwest Texas State Teachers College, as had his brother Lyndon, and the University of Texas at Austin. He received a law degree from Cumberland School of Law in 1934. For most of his life Sam Houston Johnson was an aide and adviser to his older brother Lyndon B. Johnson; he was part of a network of supporters his brother used to maintain awareness of or control over political activities in Texas. When Lyndon Johnson was appointed Director of the National Youth Administration in Texas in the 1930s, Sam Houston Johnson replaced him as chief aide to Congressman Richard M. Kleberg. Sam Houston Johnson later worked for the National Youth Administration in Texas. He also worked as an appraiser for the Federal Land Bank in Houston, and reported to his brother on its activities. During World War II, Sam Johnson worked on the staff of the War Production Board. In addition, he was employed as a member of his brother's Senate staff, and worked on Lyndon Johnson's campaigns. Besides working for and with his brother, Sam Houston Johnson also worked as an insurance executive and as the Mexico representative of a Texas international trucking company. Sam Houston Johnson was an alcoholic. In his later years, his drinking, coupled with physical disability caused by a broken hip, limited his effectiveness as a member of his brother's organization. In 1970 Johnson wrote a memoir, \"My Brother Lyndon\", which praised his brother in most respects, but was critical in others. At the time, Sam Houston Johnson indicated that he was estranged from his brother, but said his book was not the cause.", "Two Sam Houston special teams member both chased the ball to score a defensive touchdown, but they collided while diving for the ball, sending the ball rolling out the back of the endzone for a safety, resulting in a 2-0 Sam Houston score. Sam Houston kicker Miguel Antonio scored two field goals during the period, a 20-yard kick near the middle of the quarter and a 32-yard goal in the final minute, giving Sam Houston an 8-0 lead at halftime. Cal Poly struck back in the third quarter, with kicker Bobby Zalud scoring a 23-yard field goal at the 9:44 minute mark and again at the 3:48 mark to bring the score to 8-6 Sam Houston. Sam Houston then scored its only touchdown of the game in the final 30 seconds of the quarter with an 18-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell to running back Keshawn Hill, raising Sam Houston's lead to 15-6. Cal Poly scored next during the fourth quarter with a 48-yard field goal by Zalud at the 9:25-minute mark to narrow Sam Houston's lead to 15-9. Sam Houston responded with 3:23 remaining with a 26-yard field goal by Antonio, spreading the lead to 18-9 Sam Houston. Cal Poly drove down the field with its next possession, and Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadous lateraled to wide receiver Ryan Taylor who in turn connected with wide receiver Wille Tucker on a 50-yard scoring pass with 1:34 remaining. The extra point by Zalud brought Cal Poly within two points of Sam Houston. Cal Poly attempted an onside kick, however Sam Houston wide receiver Trey Diller recovered the kick and the Bearkats ran out the remaining time by taking a knee, with the final score 18-16 Sam Houston. Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 19 passes for a total 88 yards."], "answer": {"text": "He also struggled to avoid war with Mexico, whose forces invaded twice during 1842.", "answer_start": 906}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "answer": {"text": "Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who helped him?", "answer": {"text": "To help save his political reputation, Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was James Pinckney Henderson?", "answer": {"text": "Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1661, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ed934b0b127456c95a20df2467447af_0_q#4", "question": "What did he do to avoid war?", "rewrite": "What did Sam Houston do to avoid war with Mexico ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Two Sam Houston special teams member both chased the ball to score a defensive touchdown, but they collided while diving for the ball, sending the ball rolling out the back of the endzone for a safety, resulting in a 2-0 Sam Houston score. Sam Houston kicker Miguel Antonio scored two field goals during the period, a 20-yard kick near the middle of the quarter and a 32-yard goal in the final minute, giving Sam Houston an 8-0 lead at halftime. Cal Poly struck back in the third quarter, with kicker Bobby Zalud scoring a 23-yard field goal at the 9:44 minute mark and again at the 3:48 mark to bring the score to 8-6 Sam Houston. Sam Houston then scored its only touchdown of the game in the final 30 seconds of the quarter with an 18-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell to running back Keshawn Hill, raising Sam Houston's lead to 15-6. Cal Poly scored next during the fourth quarter with a 48-yard field goal by Zalud at the 9:25-minute mark to narrow Sam Houston's lead to 15-9. Sam Houston responded with 3:23 remaining with a 26-yard field goal by Antonio, spreading the lead to 18-9 Sam Houston. Cal Poly drove down the field with its next possession, and Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadous lateraled to wide receiver Ryan Taylor who in turn connected with wide receiver Wille Tucker on a 50-yard scoring pass with 1:34 remaining. The extra point by Zalud brought Cal Poly within two points of Sam Houston. Cal Poly attempted an onside kick, however Sam Houston wide receiver Trey Diller recovered the kick and the Bearkats ran out the remaining time by taking a knee, with the final score 18-16 Sam Houston. Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 19 passes for a total 88 yards.", "With the win, Sam Houston improves to 5-2. McNeese leads the series 22-7. Sources: The 19th meeting between the Cardinals and the Bearkats gave Sam Houston State back-to-back games in the state of Texas. The Bearkats owned a 10-7-1 series advantage with most of the success having occurred in recent years, having won 7 of the last 8 meetings. Sam Houston got on the scoreboard late in the first quarter with a seven-yard run by running back Tim Flanders, and with the extra point by kicker Miguel Antonio brought it to 7-0 Sam Houston. Flanders scored again with 12:29 remaining in the second quarter, and Bearkats wide receiver Trey Diller caught a 48-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell at the 1:16-minute mark, with Sam Houston leading 21-0 at halftime. Flanders struck again early in the third quarter with a 59-yard scoring run at the 13:54 marker to raise the score to 28-0 Sam Houston, and then scored a fourth touchdown on a 10-yard run four minutes later for total 35-0 Sam Houston. Later in the quarter, running back Keshawn Hill scored on a six-yard run, bringing the score to 42-0 Sam Houston. On the next play, Lamar wide receiver Kevin Johnson ran an 89-yard kickoff return to put the Cardinals on the scoreboard 42-7 Sam Houston. Early in the fourth quarter, Sam Houston wide receiver Richard Sincere, in as quarterback, threw a 42-yard scoring pass to receiver Brandon Wilkerson, raising the score to 49-7 Sam Houston. Sam Houston's Cody Morgan made the final score of the game, a three-yard run with 4:41 remaining, for a final score of 56-7 Sam Houston.", "Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center (SHMSTC) is a secondary school located at 9400 Irvington Boulevard in Houston, Texas, United States. Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center handles grades nine through twelve and is part of the Houston Independent School District. Before 1955, it was located in Downtown Houston. Established in 1889, Sam Houston operates the oldest high school newspaper in Texas, the \"Aegis\". Additionally, the school boasts the world's first female-only military drill squad initially known as the \"Black Battalion\" but now called the \"Tigerettes\". The school is often referred to simply as \"Sam\" by students, alumni, and faculty. Sam Houston High School Baseball Field is located at . It was founded in Downtown Houston in 1878 as Houston Academy. Since then, it had several name changes. Until the 1950s the block bordered by Austin, Capitol, Caroline, and Rusk in Downtown Houston housed the institutions that make up what is now Sam Houston High School. Houston Academy was there in the 1850s. In 1894 Central High School was built. J.R. Gonzales of the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that the school was \"[d]escribed as one of the finest high schools in this part of the country\" and \"also attracted negative attention for its incredible cost. \" The school had a price tag of $80,000, $1.9 million in 2010 dollars. In March 1919 the school burned down. A new Sam Houston opened two years later. According to a 1936 \"Houston Chronicle\" article, Sam Houston was to be renamed after Dick Dowling, while the Sam Houston name would be taken by a new high school in southwestern Houston. This did not occur, and the school remained named after Sam Houston.", "Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadus had six complete passes out of 12 attempts for 113 yards and an interception. Sam Houston's Tim Flanders rushed 17 times for a total 101 yards, followed by Richard Sincere who carried the ball seven times for 39 yards and Keshawn Hill who rushed five times for 15 yards. Sam Houston's Chance Nelson caught the ball three times for 38 yards, Hill received it once for 18 yards. Sources: This was the first meeting between the two schools since Sam Houston State's victory over Montana State in the 2011 FCS Quarterfinals. With the help of Brian Bell's 254 passing yards and three touchdowns, Sam Houston State cruised to yet another quarterfinal victory over Montana State with a final score of 36-14. The difference maker in this matchup proved to be Sam Houston's 17 unanswered points scored in the second quarter to bring the score to 20-3. Montana State cut Sam Houston's lead to 20-9 to start the second half, but a Bobcat turnover early in the third quarter stopped a potential comeback as Sam Houston controlled the game from that point on. Sam Houston State created 2 turnovers, 5 sacks, and allowed under 300 yards to the Montana State offense. With this victory, Sam Houston secured a spot in the semifinals. Sources: The only previous meeting between these two teams was in the 2004 FCS Quarterfinals, where Sam Houston defeated Eastern Washington 35-34. This FCS Semifinals game proved to be an instant classic in a game that saw a combined 87 points, over one thousand yards of combined offense, and a tale of two halves. The game began as a blowout in favor of Sam Houston State, as the Bearkats piled on the touchdowns en route to a 35-0 first half. The third quarter was all Eastern Washington and the Eagles cut down the lead to 35-21.", "Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 13 passes for a total 84 yards and Richard Sincere completed two of two passes for 46 yards. Lamar quarterback Caleb Berry had 12 complete passes out of 24 attempts for 96 yards and an interception. Sam Houston's Tim Flanders rushed 16 times for a total 131 yards, followed by Keshawn Hill who carried the ball seven times for 89 yards, Brian Bell who ran four times for 29 yards, and Ryan Wilson who rushed seven times for 40 yards. Sam Houston's Trey Diller caught the ball six times for 80 yards, Brandon Wilkerson received it two times for 40 yards and Terrence Robinson caught one pass for 12 yards. With the win, Sam Houston improves to 6-2. Sam Houston leads the series 11-7-1. Sources: The 13th meeting between the Lions and Bearkats provided Sam Houston with their final home game of the regular season. The Bearkats looked to improve on the 8-4 record they have against the Lions. Sam Houston running back Tim Flanders scored on a 14-yard run with 9:00 remaining in the first quarter, and fellow running back Richard Sincere ran in an eight-yard score at the 2:50 minute mark with Sam Houston leading 14-0 at the end of the period. Early in the second quarter, the Lions attempted a field goal, but the kick was blocked by Sam Houston defensive back Robert Shaw and fellow defensive back Kenneth Jenkins recovered the ball and ran it back 60 yards for a defensive score, and with Miguel Antonio extra point the score was 21-0 Sam Houston. Sam Houston running back Ryan Wilson scored on a 10-yard rush at the 8:16 minute mark, and Bearkats quarterback Brian Bell connected on a 70-yard pass to wide receiver Chance Nelson shortly after that bring the score to 35-0 Sam Houston."], "answer": {"text": "In response to the Regulator-Moderator War of 1844, he sent in Republic militia to put down the feud.", "answer_start": 990}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "answer": {"text": "Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who helped him?", "answer": {"text": "To help save his political reputation, Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was James Pinckney Henderson?", "answer": {"text": "Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "He also struggled to avoid war with Mexico, whose forces invaded twice during 1842.", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ed934b0b127456c95a20df2467447af_0_q#5", "question": "How was he accepted by the Texans?", "rewrite": "How was Sam Houston accepted by the Texans?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Two Sam Houston special teams member both chased the ball to score a defensive touchdown, but they collided while diving for the ball, sending the ball rolling out the back of the endzone for a safety, resulting in a 2-0 Sam Houston score. Sam Houston kicker Miguel Antonio scored two field goals during the period, a 20-yard kick near the middle of the quarter and a 32-yard goal in the final minute, giving Sam Houston an 8-0 lead at halftime. Cal Poly struck back in the third quarter, with kicker Bobby Zalud scoring a 23-yard field goal at the 9:44 minute mark and again at the 3:48 mark to bring the score to 8-6 Sam Houston. Sam Houston then scored its only touchdown of the game in the final 30 seconds of the quarter with an 18-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell to running back Keshawn Hill, raising Sam Houston's lead to 15-6. Cal Poly scored next during the fourth quarter with a 48-yard field goal by Zalud at the 9:25-minute mark to narrow Sam Houston's lead to 15-9. Sam Houston responded with 3:23 remaining with a 26-yard field goal by Antonio, spreading the lead to 18-9 Sam Houston. Cal Poly drove down the field with its next possession, and Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadous lateraled to wide receiver Ryan Taylor who in turn connected with wide receiver Wille Tucker on a 50-yard scoring pass with 1:34 remaining. The extra point by Zalud brought Cal Poly within two points of Sam Houston. Cal Poly attempted an onside kick, however Sam Houston wide receiver Trey Diller recovered the kick and the Bearkats ran out the remaining time by taking a knee, with the final score 18-16 Sam Houston. Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 19 passes for a total 88 yards.", "Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center (SHMSTC) is a secondary school located at 9400 Irvington Boulevard in Houston, Texas, United States. Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center handles grades nine through twelve and is part of the Houston Independent School District. Before 1955, it was located in Downtown Houston. Established in 1889, Sam Houston operates the oldest high school newspaper in Texas, the \"Aegis\". Additionally, the school boasts the world's first female-only military drill squad initially known as the \"Black Battalion\" but now called the \"Tigerettes\". The school is often referred to simply as \"Sam\" by students, alumni, and faculty. Sam Houston High School Baseball Field is located at . It was founded in Downtown Houston in 1878 as Houston Academy. Since then, it had several name changes. Until the 1950s the block bordered by Austin, Capitol, Caroline, and Rusk in Downtown Houston housed the institutions that make up what is now Sam Houston High School. Houston Academy was there in the 1850s. In 1894 Central High School was built. J.R. Gonzales of the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that the school was \"[d]escribed as one of the finest high schools in this part of the country\" and \"also attracted negative attention for its incredible cost. \" The school had a price tag of $80,000, $1.9 million in 2010 dollars. In March 1919 the school burned down. A new Sam Houston opened two years later. According to a 1936 \"Houston Chronicle\" article, Sam Houston was to be renamed after Dick Dowling, while the Sam Houston name would be taken by a new high school in southwestern Houston. This did not occur, and the school remained named after Sam Houston.", "With the win, Sam Houston improves to 5-2. McNeese leads the series 22-7. Sources: The 19th meeting between the Cardinals and the Bearkats gave Sam Houston State back-to-back games in the state of Texas. The Bearkats owned a 10-7-1 series advantage with most of the success having occurred in recent years, having won 7 of the last 8 meetings. Sam Houston got on the scoreboard late in the first quarter with a seven-yard run by running back Tim Flanders, and with the extra point by kicker Miguel Antonio brought it to 7-0 Sam Houston. Flanders scored again with 12:29 remaining in the second quarter, and Bearkats wide receiver Trey Diller caught a 48-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell at the 1:16-minute mark, with Sam Houston leading 21-0 at halftime. Flanders struck again early in the third quarter with a 59-yard scoring run at the 13:54 marker to raise the score to 28-0 Sam Houston, and then scored a fourth touchdown on a 10-yard run four minutes later for total 35-0 Sam Houston. Later in the quarter, running back Keshawn Hill scored on a six-yard run, bringing the score to 42-0 Sam Houston. On the next play, Lamar wide receiver Kevin Johnson ran an 89-yard kickoff return to put the Cardinals on the scoreboard 42-7 Sam Houston. Early in the fourth quarter, Sam Houston wide receiver Richard Sincere, in as quarterback, threw a 42-yard scoring pass to receiver Brandon Wilkerson, raising the score to 49-7 Sam Houston. Sam Houston's Cody Morgan made the final score of the game, a three-yard run with 4:41 remaining, for a final score of 56-7 Sam Houston.", "After a disappointing 3\u20134 start, the Bearkats would go on to beat then #22 ranked Texas in Austin, and then #19 ranked Rice in Houston to right the ship. Following these big games, however, Sam Houston would lose back to back series' against UCONN and Dallas Baptist. Following these games, the Bearkats went 13\u20138 in their next 21, including wins over #17 Rice and #19 Houston, but lost a major home series to Oral Roberts which dropped SHSU's Ratings Percentage Index (RPI) far enough down to put an at-large bid for the 2013 regionals in jeopardy. Sam Houston accepted the challenge and worked its way back to finish the season going 13\u20131 after the Oral Roberts series, earning the #27 spot in the Collegiate Baseball poll. On May 17, 2013, Sam Houston State clinched its second straight outright Southland Conference Title with a 4\u20130 shutout of Central Arkansas. Following the regular season, Coach Pierce would win the Conference Coach of the Year award yet again, and would earn an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament Baton Rouge Regional after failing to win the Southland Conference Tournament. In the NCAA tournament, the Bearkats defeated Louisiana-Lafayette in the first game 4\u20132 behind Luke Plucheck's 3 RBIs. In the winner's bracket, Sam Houston faced regional host and #1 overall LSU Tigers. With the help of a 5 run first inning the Bearkats led the top ranked Tigers 5\u20134 until the 8th inning. Sam Houston could not upset the Tigers, losing in heartbreaking fashion 8\u20135. In the last day of the Baton Rouge regional, Sam Houston faced the Ragin' Cajuns for the second time in three days.", "Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 13 passes for a total 84 yards and Richard Sincere completed two of two passes for 46 yards. Lamar quarterback Caleb Berry had 12 complete passes out of 24 attempts for 96 yards and an interception. Sam Houston's Tim Flanders rushed 16 times for a total 131 yards, followed by Keshawn Hill who carried the ball seven times for 89 yards, Brian Bell who ran four times for 29 yards, and Ryan Wilson who rushed seven times for 40 yards. Sam Houston's Trey Diller caught the ball six times for 80 yards, Brandon Wilkerson received it two times for 40 yards and Terrence Robinson caught one pass for 12 yards. With the win, Sam Houston improves to 6-2. Sam Houston leads the series 11-7-1. Sources: The 13th meeting between the Lions and Bearkats provided Sam Houston with their final home game of the regular season. The Bearkats looked to improve on the 8-4 record they have against the Lions. Sam Houston running back Tim Flanders scored on a 14-yard run with 9:00 remaining in the first quarter, and fellow running back Richard Sincere ran in an eight-yard score at the 2:50 minute mark with Sam Houston leading 14-0 at the end of the period. Early in the second quarter, the Lions attempted a field goal, but the kick was blocked by Sam Houston defensive back Robert Shaw and fellow defensive back Kenneth Jenkins recovered the ball and ran it back 60 yards for a defensive score, and with Miguel Antonio extra point the score was 21-0 Sam Houston. Sam Houston running back Ryan Wilson scored on a 10-yard rush at the 8:16 minute mark, and Bearkats quarterback Brian Bell connected on a 70-yard pass to wide receiver Chance Nelson shortly after that bring the score to 35-0 Sam Houston."], "answer": {"text": "When his first term ended, he was elected to serve as a representative from San Augustine County in the Republic of Texas House of Representatives.", "answer_start": 379}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "answer": {"text": "Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who helped him?", "answer": {"text": "To help save his political reputation, Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was James Pinckney Henderson?", "answer": {"text": "Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "He also struggled to avoid war with Mexico, whose forces invaded twice during 1842.", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to avoid war?", "answer": {"text": "In response to the Regulator-Moderator War of 1844, he sent in Republic militia to put down the feud.", "answer_start": 990, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9ed934b0b127456c95a20df2467447af_0_q#6", "question": "What kind of leader was he?", "rewrite": "What kind of leader was Sam Houston ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Two Sam Houston special teams member both chased the ball to score a defensive touchdown, but they collided while diving for the ball, sending the ball rolling out the back of the endzone for a safety, resulting in a 2-0 Sam Houston score. Sam Houston kicker Miguel Antonio scored two field goals during the period, a 20-yard kick near the middle of the quarter and a 32-yard goal in the final minute, giving Sam Houston an 8-0 lead at halftime. Cal Poly struck back in the third quarter, with kicker Bobby Zalud scoring a 23-yard field goal at the 9:44 minute mark and again at the 3:48 mark to bring the score to 8-6 Sam Houston. Sam Houston then scored its only touchdown of the game in the final 30 seconds of the quarter with an 18-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell to running back Keshawn Hill, raising Sam Houston's lead to 15-6. Cal Poly scored next during the fourth quarter with a 48-yard field goal by Zalud at the 9:25-minute mark to narrow Sam Houston's lead to 15-9. Sam Houston responded with 3:23 remaining with a 26-yard field goal by Antonio, spreading the lead to 18-9 Sam Houston. Cal Poly drove down the field with its next possession, and Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadous lateraled to wide receiver Ryan Taylor who in turn connected with wide receiver Wille Tucker on a 50-yard scoring pass with 1:34 remaining. The extra point by Zalud brought Cal Poly within two points of Sam Houston. Cal Poly attempted an onside kick, however Sam Houston wide receiver Trey Diller recovered the kick and the Bearkats ran out the remaining time by taking a knee, with the final score 18-16 Sam Houston. Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 19 passes for a total 88 yards.", "Sam Houston quarterback Brian Bell completed 9 of 13 passes for a total 84 yards and Richard Sincere completed two of two passes for 46 yards. Lamar quarterback Caleb Berry had 12 complete passes out of 24 attempts for 96 yards and an interception. Sam Houston's Tim Flanders rushed 16 times for a total 131 yards, followed by Keshawn Hill who carried the ball seven times for 89 yards, Brian Bell who ran four times for 29 yards, and Ryan Wilson who rushed seven times for 40 yards. Sam Houston's Trey Diller caught the ball six times for 80 yards, Brandon Wilkerson received it two times for 40 yards and Terrence Robinson caught one pass for 12 yards. With the win, Sam Houston improves to 6-2. Sam Houston leads the series 11-7-1. Sources: The 13th meeting between the Lions and Bearkats provided Sam Houston with their final home game of the regular season. The Bearkats looked to improve on the 8-4 record they have against the Lions. Sam Houston running back Tim Flanders scored on a 14-yard run with 9:00 remaining in the first quarter, and fellow running back Richard Sincere ran in an eight-yard score at the 2:50 minute mark with Sam Houston leading 14-0 at the end of the period. Early in the second quarter, the Lions attempted a field goal, but the kick was blocked by Sam Houston defensive back Robert Shaw and fellow defensive back Kenneth Jenkins recovered the ball and ran it back 60 yards for a defensive score, and with Miguel Antonio extra point the score was 21-0 Sam Houston. Sam Houston running back Ryan Wilson scored on a 10-yard rush at the 8:16 minute mark, and Bearkats quarterback Brian Bell connected on a 70-yard pass to wide receiver Chance Nelson shortly after that bring the score to 35-0 Sam Houston.", "With the win, Sam Houston improves to 5-2. McNeese leads the series 22-7. Sources: The 19th meeting between the Cardinals and the Bearkats gave Sam Houston State back-to-back games in the state of Texas. The Bearkats owned a 10-7-1 series advantage with most of the success having occurred in recent years, having won 7 of the last 8 meetings. Sam Houston got on the scoreboard late in the first quarter with a seven-yard run by running back Tim Flanders, and with the extra point by kicker Miguel Antonio brought it to 7-0 Sam Houston. Flanders scored again with 12:29 remaining in the second quarter, and Bearkats wide receiver Trey Diller caught a 48-yard pass by quarterback Brian Bell at the 1:16-minute mark, with Sam Houston leading 21-0 at halftime. Flanders struck again early in the third quarter with a 59-yard scoring run at the 13:54 marker to raise the score to 28-0 Sam Houston, and then scored a fourth touchdown on a 10-yard run four minutes later for total 35-0 Sam Houston. Later in the quarter, running back Keshawn Hill scored on a six-yard run, bringing the score to 42-0 Sam Houston. On the next play, Lamar wide receiver Kevin Johnson ran an 89-yard kickoff return to put the Cardinals on the scoreboard 42-7 Sam Houston. Early in the fourth quarter, Sam Houston wide receiver Richard Sincere, in as quarterback, threw a 42-yard scoring pass to receiver Brandon Wilkerson, raising the score to 49-7 Sam Houston. Sam Houston's Cody Morgan made the final score of the game, a three-yard run with 4:41 remaining, for a final score of 56-7 Sam Houston.", "Mustangs quarterback Andre Broadus had six complete passes out of 12 attempts for 113 yards and an interception. Sam Houston's Tim Flanders rushed 17 times for a total 101 yards, followed by Richard Sincere who carried the ball seven times for 39 yards and Keshawn Hill who rushed five times for 15 yards. Sam Houston's Chance Nelson caught the ball three times for 38 yards, Hill received it once for 18 yards. Sources: This was the first meeting between the two schools since Sam Houston State's victory over Montana State in the 2011 FCS Quarterfinals. With the help of Brian Bell's 254 passing yards and three touchdowns, Sam Houston State cruised to yet another quarterfinal victory over Montana State with a final score of 36-14. The difference maker in this matchup proved to be Sam Houston's 17 unanswered points scored in the second quarter to bring the score to 20-3. Montana State cut Sam Houston's lead to 20-9 to start the second half, but a Bobcat turnover early in the third quarter stopped a potential comeback as Sam Houston controlled the game from that point on. Sam Houston State created 2 turnovers, 5 sacks, and allowed under 300 yards to the Montana State offense. With this victory, Sam Houston secured a spot in the semifinals. Sources: The only previous meeting between these two teams was in the 2004 FCS Quarterfinals, where Sam Houston defeated Eastern Washington 35-34. This FCS Semifinals game proved to be an instant classic in a game that saw a combined 87 points, over one thousand yards of combined offense, and a tale of two halves. The game began as a blowout in favor of Sam Houston State, as the Bearkats piled on the touchdowns en route to a 35-0 first half. The third quarter was all Eastern Washington and the Eagles cut down the lead to 35-21.", "Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center (SHMSTC) is a secondary school located at 9400 Irvington Boulevard in Houston, Texas, United States. Sam Houston Math, Science, and Technology Center handles grades nine through twelve and is part of the Houston Independent School District. Before 1955, it was located in Downtown Houston. Established in 1889, Sam Houston operates the oldest high school newspaper in Texas, the \"Aegis\". Additionally, the school boasts the world's first female-only military drill squad initially known as the \"Black Battalion\" but now called the \"Tigerettes\". The school is often referred to simply as \"Sam\" by students, alumni, and faculty. Sam Houston High School Baseball Field is located at . It was founded in Downtown Houston in 1878 as Houston Academy. Since then, it had several name changes. Until the 1950s the block bordered by Austin, Capitol, Caroline, and Rusk in Downtown Houston housed the institutions that make up what is now Sam Houston High School. Houston Academy was there in the 1850s. In 1894 Central High School was built. J.R. Gonzales of the \"Houston Chronicle\" said that the school was \"[d]escribed as one of the finest high schools in this part of the country\" and \"also attracted negative attention for its incredible cost. \" The school had a price tag of $80,000, $1.9 million in 2010 dollars. In March 1919 the school burned down. A new Sam Houston opened two years later. According to a 1936 \"Houston Chronicle\" article, Sam Houston was to be renamed after Dick Dowling, while the Sam Houston name would be taken by a new high school in southwestern Houston. This did not occur, and the school remained named after Sam Houston."], "answer": {"text": "However, Houston was a politician and as such he sought to preserve his career by endorsing the support of annexation into the U.S.", "answer_start": 1298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did Sam Houston get elected to offices of the Republic of Texas ?", "answer": {"text": "Houston was twice elected President of the Republic of Texas. In the 1836 election,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who helped him?", "answer": {"text": "To help save his political reputation, Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was James Pinckney Henderson?", "answer": {"text": "Houston sent James Pinckney Henderson to Washington to help Isaac Van Zandt advocate the annexation of Texas.", "answer_start": 1661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "He also struggled to avoid war with Mexico, whose forces invaded twice during 1842.", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to avoid war?", "answer": {"text": "In response to the Regulator-Moderator War of 1844, he sent in Republic militia to put down the feud.", "answer_start": 990, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he accepted by the Texans?", "answer": {"text": "When his first term ended, he was elected to serve as a representative from San Augustine County in the Republic of Texas House of Representatives.", "answer_start": 379, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#0", "question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "rewrite": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On September 11, 2012, the Seattle City Council reached a tentative agreement with Chris Hansen to build a SoDo basketball and ice hockey arena with revisions including the base rent being reduced from $2 million a year to $1 million, some tax revenue paying for surrounding transportation improvements and KeyArena renovations, a study for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena, and an added five-year personal guarantee of bond debts from Hansen. On September 24, 2012, the Seattle City Council approved the memorandum of understanding for the proposed SoDo basketball/ice hockey arena. On October 15, 2012, the King County Council voted unanimously in favor, while the Seattle City Council voted 7\u20132 to approve the amended SoDo multipurpose arena proposal. On August 12, 2014, major investor Steve Ballmer left the Sonics Arena investment team to purchase the Los Angeles Clippers. Ballmer purchased the Clippers for a then record $2 billion. His departure was a devastating double blow for the Sonics Arena investment team, as not only was he expected to be the majority owner of a prospective NBA franchise (A requirement for construction of the arena to commence), but the purchase price of the Clippers also greatly inflated the expected asking price of an NBA franchise (The Houston Rockets selling 3 years later for $2.2 billion ). Hansen vowed to press on with the project despite Ballmer's departure, but acknowledged that he would need to find one if not multiple new investors to replace Ballmer's contribution. The Mayor's budget director Ben Noble later said of the departure of Ballmer that \"the mood at City Hall for Hansen's original MOU soured considerably after Steve Ballmer purchased the Los Angeles Clippers for $2 billion in 2014.\" In June, 2015, architecture giant AECOM released a study commissioned by the 2012 MOU for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena.", "In 2005, Microsoft sued Google for hiring one of its previous vice presidents, Kai-Fu Lee, claiming it was in violation of his one-year non-compete clause in his contract. Mark Lucovsky, who left for Google in 2004, alleged in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office, and that, referring to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt (who previously worked for competitors Sun and Novell), Ballmer vowed to \"kill Google.\" Lucovsky reports:  At some point in the conversation Mr. Ballmer said: \"Just tell me it's not Google.\" I told him it was Google. At that point, Mr. Ballmer picked up a chair and threw it across the room hitting a table in his office. Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy, I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\" Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described Lucovsky's account of the incident as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place\". During the 2011 Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco, he said: \"You don't need to be a computer scientist to use a Windows Phone and you do to use an Android phone ... It is hard for me to be excited about the Android phones.\" In 2013, Ballmer said that Google was a \"monopoly\" that should be pressured from market competition authorities.", "To buy the team, Ballmer reportedly beat out other candidates, including Eric Piatkowski and his group, Oprah Winfrey, Floyd Mayweather, Magic Johnson, as well as a group of crowdfunders. The team's sale price, which was four times the expected purchase-evaluated price, prompted speculation that Ballmer aimed to relocate the team to Seattle, his hometown. He had previously been a part of an ownership group that had unsuccessfully attempted to move the Sacramento Kings to that city, but later stated no intention to relocate the team. On August 12, 2014, Ballmer officially took control of the team following an order by a California court that confirmed the sale from Shelly Sterling to Ballmer. As part of the deal, Shelly received the titles of \"Owner Emeritus\" and \"Clippers' Number 1 Fan\", as well as ten tickets in sections 101 or 111 for all Clippers games, two courtside tickets for all games in Los Angeles, six parking spots in Lot C for each game, 12 VIP passes that include access to the Lexus Club, Arena Club, or Chairman's Lounge and Media room or equivalent, for each Staples games, three championship rings following any Clippers title, and will run a charitable foundation. The deal also included a stipulation that Steve Ballmer would keep the Clippers in Los Angeles. On November 6, the team hired its first major female executive as former Auto Club Speedway president Gillian Zucker was hired as the Clippers' president of business operations. Zucker became one of two women to serve in an executive capacity in any of the four major professional sports leagues; the other being Jeanie Buss, president and part-owner of the crosstown Lakers. The Clippers first regular season under Ballmer's ownership ended with a 56\u201326 record and the third seed in the Western Conference going into the 2015 NBA Playoffs.", "While Allchin proved his written testimony was correct in court, a video-taped demonstration created by Microsoft attorneys, which supposedly illustrated Allchin's points, was shown to be misleading. David Boies believed it was an avoidable mistake made by the Microsoft attorneys. In May 2002, Allchin testified before Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly during the settlement hearing between Microsoft and the nine states (as well as the District of Columbia) involved in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial. Allchin was called to testify on two issues, the first of which gained the most publicity. In relation to the issue of sharing technical API and protocol information used throughout Microsoft products, which the states were seeking, Allchin's testimony discussed how releasing certain information could increase the security risk to consumers. According to exhibits filed in 2006 by the plaintiff in the case of Comes v. Microsoft, Allchin wrote a memo to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer in January 2004, one which was critical of Microsoft and Longhorn. The letter said that Gates and Ballmer had lost their way and compared them to Apple who he believed had not. Allchin was also critical of Microsoft relaxing its requirements for computers to carry the 'Vista Capable' badge. The seal, designed to inform customers of a computer's ability to run the Windows Vista operating system, was not initially intended for computers running Intel's 915 chipset. This was overturned, however, after Intel voiced their dissatisfaction with the decision. In an email to Microsoft's Steve Ballmer, Allchin wrote:  Today, Allchin devotes his time to music, technology, and charity work. He released his first album, \"Enigma\", in 2009 calling the album a beta test. Then in September 2011, Allchin released his first widely distributed blues-themed album: \"Overclocked\".", "Mark Zbikowski Mark \"Zibo\" Joseph Zbikowski (born March 21, 1956) is a former Microsoft Architect and an early computer hacker. He started working at the company only a few years after its inception, leading efforts in MS-DOS, OS/2, Cairo and Windows NT. In 2006 he was honored for 25 years of service with the company, the third employee to reach this milestone, after Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer. He was the designer of the MS-DOS executable file format, and the headers of that file format start with his initials: the ASCII characters 'MZ' (0x4D, 0x5A). Zbikowski was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1956. While attending The Roeper School (then known as Roeper City And Country School) from 1961 to 1974, he developed an interest in mathematics and computers. His 8th-grade performance in the Michigan Mathematics Prize Competition led to an invitation in an NSF-funded summer program at Oakland University where he became friends with Microsoft's Steve Ballmer and Jeff Sachs. Zbikowski pursued Computer Science at Harvard (A.B. 1978) and at Yale (S.M. 1979). He was active in both universities' Gilbert and Sullivan performing groups. Ballmer recruited Zbikowski, who joined Microsoft in 1981. In March 1982 he replaced Tim Paterson as development lead and manager for Microsoft's MS-DOS 2.0, a position he held through DOS 4.0. His first major contributions were the addition of hierarchical directory structure to DOS 2.0 and installable device drivers. From March 1985 until 1991, he was on the architecture team for OS/2, development manager for file systems and device drivers, and technical advisor to Paul Maritz. The breakthrough concept of Installable File System in OS/2 is attributed to him."], "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#1", "question": "What did Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "rewrite": "What did Steve Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Zbikowski Mark \"Zibo\" Joseph Zbikowski (born March 21, 1956) is a former Microsoft Architect and an early computer hacker. He started working at the company only a few years after its inception, leading efforts in MS-DOS, OS/2, Cairo and Windows NT. In 2006 he was honored for 25 years of service with the company, the third employee to reach this milestone, after Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer. He was the designer of the MS-DOS executable file format, and the headers of that file format start with his initials: the ASCII characters 'MZ' (0x4D, 0x5A). Zbikowski was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1956. While attending The Roeper School (then known as Roeper City And Country School) from 1961 to 1974, he developed an interest in mathematics and computers. His 8th-grade performance in the Michigan Mathematics Prize Competition led to an invitation in an NSF-funded summer program at Oakland University where he became friends with Microsoft's Steve Ballmer and Jeff Sachs. Zbikowski pursued Computer Science at Harvard (A.B. 1978) and at Yale (S.M. 1979). He was active in both universities' Gilbert and Sullivan performing groups. Ballmer recruited Zbikowski, who joined Microsoft in 1981. In March 1982 he replaced Tim Paterson as development lead and manager for Microsoft's MS-DOS 2.0, a position he held through DOS 4.0. His first major contributions were the addition of hierarchical directory structure to DOS 2.0 and installable device drivers. From March 1985 until 1991, he was on the architecture team for OS/2, development manager for file systems and device drivers, and technical advisor to Paul Maritz. The breakthrough concept of Installable File System in OS/2 is attributed to him.", "While Allchin proved his written testimony was correct in court, a video-taped demonstration created by Microsoft attorneys, which supposedly illustrated Allchin's points, was shown to be misleading. David Boies believed it was an avoidable mistake made by the Microsoft attorneys. In May 2002, Allchin testified before Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly during the settlement hearing between Microsoft and the nine states (as well as the District of Columbia) involved in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial. Allchin was called to testify on two issues, the first of which gained the most publicity. In relation to the issue of sharing technical API and protocol information used throughout Microsoft products, which the states were seeking, Allchin's testimony discussed how releasing certain information could increase the security risk to consumers. According to exhibits filed in 2006 by the plaintiff in the case of Comes v. Microsoft, Allchin wrote a memo to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer in January 2004, one which was critical of Microsoft and Longhorn. The letter said that Gates and Ballmer had lost their way and compared them to Apple who he believed had not. Allchin was also critical of Microsoft relaxing its requirements for computers to carry the 'Vista Capable' badge. The seal, designed to inform customers of a computer's ability to run the Windows Vista operating system, was not initially intended for computers running Intel's 915 chipset. This was overturned, however, after Intel voiced their dissatisfaction with the decision. In an email to Microsoft's Steve Ballmer, Allchin wrote:  Today, Allchin devotes his time to music, technology, and charity work. He released his first album, \"Enigma\", in 2009 calling the album a beta test. Then in September 2011, Allchin released his first widely distributed blues-themed album: \"Overclocked\".", "Microsoft Most Valuable Professional The Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) award is given by Microsoft to \"technology experts who passionately share their knowledge with the community. \" The awarded are people who \"actively share their ... technical expertise with the different technology communities related directly, or indirectly to Microsoft\". The MVP recognition lasts for a year and is awarded for a person's Microsoft related activity, contributions and influence over the previous year. The MVP program grew out of the software developer community. Some of the earliest MVPs were those most active in online peer support communities, such as Usenet and CompuServe. It has since grown to include other types of products, and other avenues of contribution. Steve Ballmer spoke to a group of Microsoft MVPs about Windows XP and Windows Vista. A posting from Tamar Granor on the Universal Thread web site gives this account of the origin of the MVP program. The rules and guidelines to getting awarded as a Microsoft MVP are not strictly defined. The reason for this is that every Microsoft MVP contributes to the community in different ways. However, the largest key indicator Microsoft looks for when considering someone for the Microsoft MVP Award is how much impact their activities over the last 12 months have on the community. On October 22, 1999, a Microsoft executive sent out a message announcing the cancellation of the MVP program. This may have been in response to a recent suit against AOL by its newsgroup leaders, who felt that they deserved to be paid for the time they put in online. After an outpouring of online support to the MVP program, including many emails sent directly to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, Microsoft announced three days later that the cancellation had been rescinded. This then led to discussions across the company about which division would own the expenses for this program.", "On September 11, 2012, the Seattle City Council reached a tentative agreement with Chris Hansen to build a SoDo basketball and ice hockey arena with revisions including the base rent being reduced from $2 million a year to $1 million, some tax revenue paying for surrounding transportation improvements and KeyArena renovations, a study for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena, and an added five-year personal guarantee of bond debts from Hansen. On September 24, 2012, the Seattle City Council approved the memorandum of understanding for the proposed SoDo basketball/ice hockey arena. On October 15, 2012, the King County Council voted unanimously in favor, while the Seattle City Council voted 7\u20132 to approve the amended SoDo multipurpose arena proposal. On August 12, 2014, major investor Steve Ballmer left the Sonics Arena investment team to purchase the Los Angeles Clippers. Ballmer purchased the Clippers for a then record $2 billion. His departure was a devastating double blow for the Sonics Arena investment team, as not only was he expected to be the majority owner of a prospective NBA franchise (A requirement for construction of the arena to commence), but the purchase price of the Clippers also greatly inflated the expected asking price of an NBA franchise (The Houston Rockets selling 3 years later for $2.2 billion ). Hansen vowed to press on with the project despite Ballmer's departure, but acknowledged that he would need to find one if not multiple new investors to replace Ballmer's contribution. The Mayor's budget director Ben Noble later said of the departure of Ballmer that \"the mood at City Hall for Hansen's original MOU soured considerably after Steve Ballmer purchased the Los Angeles Clippers for $2 billion in 2014.\" In June, 2015, architecture giant AECOM released a study commissioned by the 2012 MOU for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena.", "Martin Andrew Taylor Martin Andrew Taylor is an Operating Principal at Vista Equity Partners, as well as the President of Vista Consulting Group. He was the former senior executive Corporate Vice President of Windows Live and MSN at Microsoft, acting as Steve Ballmer\u2019s Chief of Staff for many years. He attended George Mason University as an Economics major in Fairfax, Virginia. Taylor joined Microsoft in 1993. and rose to head of its Caribbean subsidiary. During this period, Taylor worked closely on several occasions with Steve Ballmer. In 2002, Taylor was hired as Ballmer\u2019s chief of staff. Later, he was named director of business strategy and contributed to the reorganization of Microsoft into seven business groups. In 2003, he became head of the team to steer Microsoft's David-and-Goliath battle against Linux. He spent the next several years helping redevelop Microsoft Windows software to better compete with Linux. His work to start a marketing campaign called \u201cGet the Facts\u201d. The campaign mainly focused on cost of ownership, but later included security, reliability, and interoperability. In March 2006, he was hired as corporate vice president of Windows Live and MSN marketing, and oversaw the creation of Windows Live Messenger (formally MSN Messenger) and the testing of over 20 new Windows Live services. In June 2006, just few months after the first official announcement of Windows Live and only days before the release of Windows Live Messenger 8.0, Microsoft announced they were \"parting ways\" with Taylor. In December 2006, Taylor joined Vista Equity Partners."], "answer": {"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 459}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#2", "question": "What is something interesting about Ballmer?", "rewrite": "Besides being a CEO of Microsoft, what is something interesting about Steve Ballmer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On September 11, 2012, the Seattle City Council reached a tentative agreement with Chris Hansen to build a SoDo basketball and ice hockey arena with revisions including the base rent being reduced from $2 million a year to $1 million, some tax revenue paying for surrounding transportation improvements and KeyArena renovations, a study for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena, and an added five-year personal guarantee of bond debts from Hansen. On September 24, 2012, the Seattle City Council approved the memorandum of understanding for the proposed SoDo basketball/ice hockey arena. On October 15, 2012, the King County Council voted unanimously in favor, while the Seattle City Council voted 7\u20132 to approve the amended SoDo multipurpose arena proposal. On August 12, 2014, major investor Steve Ballmer left the Sonics Arena investment team to purchase the Los Angeles Clippers. Ballmer purchased the Clippers for a then record $2 billion. His departure was a devastating double blow for the Sonics Arena investment team, as not only was he expected to be the majority owner of a prospective NBA franchise (A requirement for construction of the arena to commence), but the purchase price of the Clippers also greatly inflated the expected asking price of an NBA franchise (The Houston Rockets selling 3 years later for $2.2 billion ). Hansen vowed to press on with the project despite Ballmer's departure, but acknowledged that he would need to find one if not multiple new investors to replace Ballmer's contribution. The Mayor's budget director Ben Noble later said of the departure of Ballmer that \"the mood at City Hall for Hansen's original MOU soured considerably after Steve Ballmer purchased the Los Angeles Clippers for $2 billion in 2014.\" In June, 2015, architecture giant AECOM released a study commissioned by the 2012 MOU for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena.", "Martin Andrew Taylor Martin Andrew Taylor is an Operating Principal at Vista Equity Partners, as well as the President of Vista Consulting Group. He was the former senior executive Corporate Vice President of Windows Live and MSN at Microsoft, acting as Steve Ballmer\u2019s Chief of Staff for many years. He attended George Mason University as an Economics major in Fairfax, Virginia. Taylor joined Microsoft in 1993. and rose to head of its Caribbean subsidiary. During this period, Taylor worked closely on several occasions with Steve Ballmer. In 2002, Taylor was hired as Ballmer\u2019s chief of staff. Later, he was named director of business strategy and contributed to the reorganization of Microsoft into seven business groups. In 2003, he became head of the team to steer Microsoft's David-and-Goliath battle against Linux. He spent the next several years helping redevelop Microsoft Windows software to better compete with Linux. His work to start a marketing campaign called \u201cGet the Facts\u201d. The campaign mainly focused on cost of ownership, but later included security, reliability, and interoperability. In March 2006, he was hired as corporate vice president of Windows Live and MSN marketing, and oversaw the creation of Windows Live Messenger (formally MSN Messenger) and the testing of over 20 new Windows Live services. In June 2006, just few months after the first official announcement of Windows Live and only days before the release of Windows Live Messenger 8.0, Microsoft announced they were \"parting ways\" with Taylor. In December 2006, Taylor joined Vista Equity Partners.", "While Allchin proved his written testimony was correct in court, a video-taped demonstration created by Microsoft attorneys, which supposedly illustrated Allchin's points, was shown to be misleading. David Boies believed it was an avoidable mistake made by the Microsoft attorneys. In May 2002, Allchin testified before Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly during the settlement hearing between Microsoft and the nine states (as well as the District of Columbia) involved in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial. Allchin was called to testify on two issues, the first of which gained the most publicity. In relation to the issue of sharing technical API and protocol information used throughout Microsoft products, which the states were seeking, Allchin's testimony discussed how releasing certain information could increase the security risk to consumers. According to exhibits filed in 2006 by the plaintiff in the case of Comes v. Microsoft, Allchin wrote a memo to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer in January 2004, one which was critical of Microsoft and Longhorn. The letter said that Gates and Ballmer had lost their way and compared them to Apple who he believed had not. Allchin was also critical of Microsoft relaxing its requirements for computers to carry the 'Vista Capable' badge. The seal, designed to inform customers of a computer's ability to run the Windows Vista operating system, was not initially intended for computers running Intel's 915 chipset. This was overturned, however, after Intel voiced their dissatisfaction with the decision. In an email to Microsoft's Steve Ballmer, Allchin wrote:  Today, Allchin devotes his time to music, technology, and charity work. He released his first album, \"Enigma\", in 2009 calling the album a beta test. Then in September 2011, Allchin released his first widely distributed blues-themed album: \"Overclocked\".", "Although Nokia's smartphone sales and market share greatly increased throughout 2013, including in the North American market, it was still not enough to avoid financial losses. Ollila stepped down as chairman on 4 May 2012 and was replaced by Risto Siilasmaa. In September 2013 Nokia announced the sale of its mobile and devices division to Microsoft. The sale was positive for Nokia to avoid further negative financial figures, as well as for Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer, who wanted Microsoft to produce more hardware and turn it into a devices and services company. The Nokia chairman, Risto Siilasmaa, described the deal as rationally correct (in the best interests of Nokia shareholders), but emotionally difficult - experts agree that Nokia would have been in a cash crisis had it not sold the division to Microsoft. Analysts believe that Ballmer pushed for the buyout because of fears that Nokia was close to adopting Android and abandoning their alliance with Microsoft. There had been speculation for long that Nokia was experimenting with Android at the time. Indeed, in January 2014 the Nokia X was introduced which ran on a customised version of Android. It was a surprising and somewhat odd launch coming just weeks away from the finalisation of the Microsoft buyout. Others, including Ballmer's successor Satya Nadella, felt that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's hardware engineering and designs would \"accelerate\" growth of Windows Phone. The sale was completed in April 2014, with Microsoft Mobile becoming the successor to Nokia's mobile devices division. Nokia also moved from its headquarters to another building complex located at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer himself was retiring as Microsoft CEO and was replaced by Satya Nadella, who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along with chairman Bill Gates. The purchased assets from Nokia were eventually written-off by Microsoft in 2015.", "Microsoft Most Valuable Professional The Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) award is given by Microsoft to \"technology experts who passionately share their knowledge with the community. \" The awarded are people who \"actively share their ... technical expertise with the different technology communities related directly, or indirectly to Microsoft\". The MVP recognition lasts for a year and is awarded for a person's Microsoft related activity, contributions and influence over the previous year. The MVP program grew out of the software developer community. Some of the earliest MVPs were those most active in online peer support communities, such as Usenet and CompuServe. It has since grown to include other types of products, and other avenues of contribution. Steve Ballmer spoke to a group of Microsoft MVPs about Windows XP and Windows Vista. A posting from Tamar Granor on the Universal Thread web site gives this account of the origin of the MVP program. The rules and guidelines to getting awarded as a Microsoft MVP are not strictly defined. The reason for this is that every Microsoft MVP contributes to the community in different ways. However, the largest key indicator Microsoft looks for when considering someone for the Microsoft MVP Award is how much impact their activities over the last 12 months have on the community. On October 22, 1999, a Microsoft executive sent out a message announcing the cancellation of the MVP program. This may have been in response to a recent suit against AOL by its newsgroup leaders, who felt that they deserved to be paid for the time they put in online. After an outpouring of online support to the MVP program, including many emails sent directly to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer, Microsoft announced three days later that the cancellation had been rescinded. This then led to discussions across the company about which division would own the expenses for this program."], "answer": {"text": "Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office,", "answer_start": 278}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "answer": {"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#3", "question": "What did Ballmer say during the incident?", "rewrite": "What did Steve Ballmer say, during the incident in which he picked up his chair, and threw it across his office, after hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Lucovsky Mark Lucovsky is an American software developer who worked for Microsoft and who is now employed by Facebook as General Manager of Operating Systems. Prior to this, he has worked at VMware He is noted for being a part of the team that designed and built the Windows NT operating system, which after Windows XP became the basis of all current Windows releases. Lucovsky received his bachelor's degree in computer science in 1983 from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He worked at Digital Equipment Corporation, where he came to the attention of Dave Cutler and Lou Perazzoli. When Cutler and Perazzoli moved to Microsoft to work on their next generation operating system, they asked him to join them. Among his contributions to Windows NT was an eighty-page manual that he wrote with Steve R. Wood defining the Windows application programming interfaces for software developers working on the Windows NT platform. He also managed check-ins to the Windows NT source code, tracking each check-in and discussing it with the developer before allowing it to be committed. Lucovsky was instrumental in moving the Windows team from the homegrown SLM revision control system to a custom version of Perforce (SourceDepot). Mark Lucovsky has stated that Steve Ballmer, on being informed that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up a chair and threw it across the room, hitting a table in his office. Lucovsky also described Ballmer as saying: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy , I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google,\" then resumed trying to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described this as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place.\" Lucovsky worked on the Microsoft .NET", "In 2005, Microsoft sued Google for hiring one of its previous vice presidents, Kai-Fu Lee, claiming it was in violation of his one-year non-compete clause in his contract. Mark Lucovsky, who left for Google in 2004, alleged in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office, and that, referring to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt (who previously worked for competitors Sun and Novell), Ballmer vowed to \"kill Google.\" Lucovsky reports:  At some point in the conversation Mr. Ballmer said: \"Just tell me it's not Google.\" I told him it was Google. At that point, Mr. Ballmer picked up a chair and threw it across the room hitting a table in his office. Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy, I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\" Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described Lucovsky's account of the incident as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place\". During the 2011 Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco, he said: \"You don't need to be a computer scientist to use a Windows Phone and you do to use an Android phone ... It is hard for me to be excited about the Android phones.\" In 2013, Ballmer said that Google was a \"monopoly\" that should be pressured from market competition authorities.", "Terry Myerson Terry Myerson (born 1972 or 1973) is a Canadian-American venture partner at Madrona Venture Group and an operating executive at The Carlyle Group. Myerson was previously an Executive Vice President at Microsoft, and head of its Windows and Devices Group. Myerson graduated from Duke University in 1992 and founded Inters\u00e9 Corporation, which Microsoft purchased in 1997. At Microsoft, he led software and engineering teams behind Microsoft Exchange and Windows Phone before being promoted to lead Microsoft's newly formed operating systems engineering division in July 2013. In March 2018, Myerson announced that he would leave Microsoft after a transition period. In October 2018, Myerson announced his new roles at Madrona Venture Group and The Carlyle Group in a post on his LinkedIn page. Myerson attended Duke University, where he studied in the college of arts and sciences for a semester before choosing a mechanical engineering major. While in college, he worked as a waiter and a part-time graphics creator at the Environmental Protection Agency. Upon graduation in 1992, he worked in computer graphics before starting his own company, Inters\u00e9 Corporation, which made websites and data mining software before being acquired by Microsoft in 1997. Myerson received $16.5 million in stock with the acquisition. At Microsoft, Myerson worked in business Internet services and server applications, including Site Server, BizTalk Server, and Windows Management Instrumentation. He joined the corporate email and calendar Microsoft Exchange software team in 2001, which he led for eight years. He became the head of mobile engineering near the end of 2008, and called a meeting in December that scrapped Microsoft's Windows Mobile product and programming code in favor of a completely rebuilt system designed to better compete with the iPhone. He was promoted to lead the Windows Phone operation in 2011, directly reporting to CEO Steve Ballmer.", "Martin Andrew Taylor Martin Andrew Taylor is an Operating Principal at Vista Equity Partners, as well as the President of Vista Consulting Group. He was the former senior executive Corporate Vice President of Windows Live and MSN at Microsoft, acting as Steve Ballmer\u2019s Chief of Staff for many years. He attended George Mason University as an Economics major in Fairfax, Virginia. Taylor joined Microsoft in 1993. and rose to head of its Caribbean subsidiary. During this period, Taylor worked closely on several occasions with Steve Ballmer. In 2002, Taylor was hired as Ballmer\u2019s chief of staff. Later, he was named director of business strategy and contributed to the reorganization of Microsoft into seven business groups. In 2003, he became head of the team to steer Microsoft's David-and-Goliath battle against Linux. He spent the next several years helping redevelop Microsoft Windows software to better compete with Linux. His work to start a marketing campaign called \u201cGet the Facts\u201d. The campaign mainly focused on cost of ownership, but later included security, reliability, and interoperability. In March 2006, he was hired as corporate vice president of Windows Live and MSN marketing, and oversaw the creation of Windows Live Messenger (formally MSN Messenger) and the testing of over 20 new Windows Live services. In June 2006, just few months after the first official announcement of Windows Live and only days before the release of Windows Live Messenger 8.0, Microsoft announced they were \"parting ways\" with Taylor. In December 2006, Taylor joined Vista Equity Partners.", "While Allchin proved his written testimony was correct in court, a video-taped demonstration created by Microsoft attorneys, which supposedly illustrated Allchin's points, was shown to be misleading. David Boies believed it was an avoidable mistake made by the Microsoft attorneys. In May 2002, Allchin testified before Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly during the settlement hearing between Microsoft and the nine states (as well as the District of Columbia) involved in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial. Allchin was called to testify on two issues, the first of which gained the most publicity. In relation to the issue of sharing technical API and protocol information used throughout Microsoft products, which the states were seeking, Allchin's testimony discussed how releasing certain information could increase the security risk to consumers. According to exhibits filed in 2006 by the plaintiff in the case of Comes v. Microsoft, Allchin wrote a memo to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer in January 2004, one which was critical of Microsoft and Longhorn. The letter said that Gates and Ballmer had lost their way and compared them to Apple who he believed had not. Allchin was also critical of Microsoft relaxing its requirements for computers to carry the 'Vista Capable' badge. The seal, designed to inform customers of a computer's ability to run the Windows Vista operating system, was not initially intended for computers running Intel's 915 chipset. This was overturned, however, after Intel voiced their dissatisfaction with the decision. In an email to Microsoft's Steve Ballmer, Allchin wrote:  Today, Allchin devotes his time to music, technology, and charity work. He released his first album, \"Enigma\", in 2009 calling the album a beta test. Then in September 2011, Allchin released his first widely distributed blues-themed album: \"Overclocked\"."], "answer": {"text": "Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy,", "answer_start": 798}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "answer": {"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is something interesting about Ballmer?", "answer": {"text": "Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office,", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#4", "question": "Did he say any other angry words to him?", "rewrite": "Besides saying \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy...\", did Steve Ballmer say any other angry words to Lucovsky?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On September 11, 2012, the Seattle City Council reached a tentative agreement with Chris Hansen to build a SoDo basketball and ice hockey arena with revisions including the base rent being reduced from $2 million a year to $1 million, some tax revenue paying for surrounding transportation improvements and KeyArena renovations, a study for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena, and an added five-year personal guarantee of bond debts from Hansen. On September 24, 2012, the Seattle City Council approved the memorandum of understanding for the proposed SoDo basketball/ice hockey arena. On October 15, 2012, the King County Council voted unanimously in favor, while the Seattle City Council voted 7\u20132 to approve the amended SoDo multipurpose arena proposal. On August 12, 2014, major investor Steve Ballmer left the Sonics Arena investment team to purchase the Los Angeles Clippers. Ballmer purchased the Clippers for a then record $2 billion. His departure was a devastating double blow for the Sonics Arena investment team, as not only was he expected to be the majority owner of a prospective NBA franchise (A requirement for construction of the arena to commence), but the purchase price of the Clippers also greatly inflated the expected asking price of an NBA franchise (The Houston Rockets selling 3 years later for $2.2 billion ). Hansen vowed to press on with the project despite Ballmer's departure, but acknowledged that he would need to find one if not multiple new investors to replace Ballmer's contribution. The Mayor's budget director Ben Noble later said of the departure of Ballmer that \"the mood at City Hall for Hansen's original MOU soured considerably after Steve Ballmer purchased the Los Angeles Clippers for $2 billion in 2014.\" In June, 2015, architecture giant AECOM released a study commissioned by the 2012 MOU for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena.", "Wendy Schmidt Wendy Schmidt (born Wendy Susan Boyle; 1955) is an American businesswoman and philanthropist. She is the wife of Eric Schmidt, the former Executive Chairman of Google, whom she met in graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley. She is the president of the Schmidt Family Foundation. She was born in 1955 in Orange, New Jersey. Her parents owned an interior design firm, Boyle Design Associates. She graduated from Smith College in 1977 and attended graduate school at the University of California at Berkeley. While there, she met Eric Schmidt, then a doctoral student in computer science, and edited his thesis. They married in June 1980. After graduating in 1981 with a master's degree in journalism, she joined the marketing department of Sun Microsystems, where Eric Schmidt later worked as well. She left Sun in 1986 to start an interior design firm, which she ran for 16 years. Wendy and Eric Schmidt have two daughters, Sophie and Alison. In 2005, Schmidt became a trustee of the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and founded the 11th Hour Project to raise awareness about climate change and global warming. In 2006, Wendy and Eric Schmidt established the Schmidt Family Foundation to address issues of sustainability and the responsible use of natural resources. She is the president of the foundation and directs its grant making. As a yachtswoman, Schmidt has taken a personal interest in promoting some of the 11th Hour Project's ocean awareness programs through competitive sailing. After the establishment of the foundation, The 11th Hour Project became its main direct charitable program. ReMain Nantucket, founded in 2007 by Wendy Schmidt, is a program area of The Schmidt Family Foundation focused on the economic, social, and environmental vitality of downtown Nantucket, Massachusetts. In 2009, Wendy and Eric Schmidt created the $25 million Schmidt Transformative Technology Fund at Princeton University to support research and technology in the natural sciences and engineering.", "Speakers included Jeff Bezos, Barry Diller, Joi Ito, Roger McNamee, Ray Ozzie, Eric Schmidt, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr. and Ben Trott. The 2007 Web 2.0 Summit was held November 5\u20137, 2007 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. The theme was \"Discovering the Web's Edge\". Speakers included Steve Ballmer, Steve Case, John Doerr, Craig Venter and Mark Zuckerberg. The 2008 Web 2.0 Summit was held November 5\u20137, 2008 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. The theme was \"Web Meets World\". Speakers included Edgar Bronfman, Jr., Al Gore, Arianna Huffington, Vinod Khosla, Max Levchin, Gavin Newsom, Evan Williams, Jerry Yang and Mark Zuckerberg. The 2009 Web 2.0 Summit was held October 20\u201322, 2009 at the Westin Hotel in San Francisco. Speakers included Tim Armstrong, Carol Bartz, Tim Berners-Lee, Carly Fiorina, Peter Guber, Jeffrey Immelt, Sheryl Sandberg and Evan Williams. The 2010 Web 2.0 Summit was held November 15\u201317, 2010 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. The theme was \"Points of Control\". Speakers included Carol Bartz, Tony Hsieh, Marc Benioff, Eric Schmidt, Jeff Weiner, Evan Williams and Mark Zuckerberg. The 2011 Web 2.0 Summit was held October 17\u201319, 2011 at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco. The theme was \"The Data Frame\". Speakers included Steve Ballmer, Marc Benioff, Dennis Crowley, Michael Dell, Reid Hoffman, MC Hammer, Sean Parker and Christopher \"moot\" Poole.", "Mark Lucovsky Mark Lucovsky is an American software developer who worked for Microsoft and who is now employed by Facebook as General Manager of Operating Systems. Prior to this, he has worked at VMware He is noted for being a part of the team that designed and built the Windows NT operating system, which after Windows XP became the basis of all current Windows releases. Lucovsky received his bachelor's degree in computer science in 1983 from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He worked at Digital Equipment Corporation, where he came to the attention of Dave Cutler and Lou Perazzoli. When Cutler and Perazzoli moved to Microsoft to work on their next generation operating system, they asked him to join them. Among his contributions to Windows NT was an eighty-page manual that he wrote with Steve R. Wood defining the Windows application programming interfaces for software developers working on the Windows NT platform. He also managed check-ins to the Windows NT source code, tracking each check-in and discussing it with the developer before allowing it to be committed. Lucovsky was instrumental in moving the Windows team from the homegrown SLM revision control system to a custom version of Perforce (SourceDepot). Mark Lucovsky has stated that Steve Ballmer, on being informed that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up a chair and threw it across the room, hitting a table in his office. Lucovsky also described Ballmer as saying: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy , I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google,\" then resumed trying to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described this as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place.\" Lucovsky worked on the Microsoft .NET", "In 2005, Microsoft sued Google for hiring one of its previous vice presidents, Kai-Fu Lee, claiming it was in violation of his one-year non-compete clause in his contract. Mark Lucovsky, who left for Google in 2004, alleged in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office, and that, referring to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt (who previously worked for competitors Sun and Novell), Ballmer vowed to \"kill Google.\" Lucovsky reports:  At some point in the conversation Mr. Ballmer said: \"Just tell me it's not Google.\" I told him it was Google. At that point, Mr. Ballmer picked up a chair and threw it across the room hitting a table in his office. Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy, I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\" Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described Lucovsky's account of the incident as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place\". During the 2011 Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco, he said: \"You don't need to be a computer scientist to use a Windows Phone and you do to use an Android phone ... It is hard for me to be excited about the Android phones.\" In 2013, Ballmer said that Google was a \"monopoly\" that should be pressured from market competition authorities."], "answer": {"text": "I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\"", "answer_start": 899}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "answer": {"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is something interesting about Ballmer?", "answer": {"text": "Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office,", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer say during the incident?", "answer": {"text": "Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#5", "question": "What did Ballmer do next in his life?", "rewrite": "What did Ballmer do next, in his life, after becoming enraged that Lucovsky was leaving Microsoft for Google?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Using this methodology, Penn's firm determined messages resulting in AT&T's \"True\" plan and its $200 million advertising campaign. As a result of this campaign, by the end of 1994, AT&T had signed up 14 million new long-distance customers. Penn has served as a key strategic advisor to Bill Gates and Microsoft since the mid-1990s. Penn began working with Microsoft when the company faced antitrust litigation initiated by the U.S. Department of Justice. Penn also created the famous \"blue sweater\" advertisement that featured Bill Gates, which were intended to restore trust in the company amid the antritrust litigation. In 2006, a survey of global opinion leaders found that Microsoft was the world's most trusted company, an accomplishment which \"The Wall Street Journal\" partially attributed to Penn's advice. His other corporate clients have included Ford Motor Company, Merck & Co., Verizon, BP, and McDonald's. In July 2012, Penn was named Corporate Vice President for Strategic and Special Projects at Microsoft Corporation. Shortly after he came on board, he began a public relations campaign against Google on behalf of Bing. Just in time for the holiday shopping season, he created a commercial in which Microsoft criticized Google for biasing its shopping search results with paid advertisements. \"Don't get Scroogled\", the commercial warned. In August 2013, Penn was named Executive Vice President for Advertising and Strategy. In that role, he pioneered Microsoft's \"Honestly\" campaign  and the award-winning Super Bowl 2014 ad \"Empowering Us All\". In March 2014, he was named Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer by CEO Satya Nadella. On June 17, 2015 it was announced he would be leaving Microsoft. After leaving Microsoft, Penn created his own company called \"The Stagwell Group\" dealing with advertising and public relations.", "Mark Lucovsky Mark Lucovsky is an American software developer who worked for Microsoft and who is now employed by Facebook as General Manager of Operating Systems. Prior to this, he has worked at VMware He is noted for being a part of the team that designed and built the Windows NT operating system, which after Windows XP became the basis of all current Windows releases. Lucovsky received his bachelor's degree in computer science in 1983 from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He worked at Digital Equipment Corporation, where he came to the attention of Dave Cutler and Lou Perazzoli. When Cutler and Perazzoli moved to Microsoft to work on their next generation operating system, they asked him to join them. Among his contributions to Windows NT was an eighty-page manual that he wrote with Steve R. Wood defining the Windows application programming interfaces for software developers working on the Windows NT platform. He also managed check-ins to the Windows NT source code, tracking each check-in and discussing it with the developer before allowing it to be committed. Lucovsky was instrumental in moving the Windows team from the homegrown SLM revision control system to a custom version of Perforce (SourceDepot). Mark Lucovsky has stated that Steve Ballmer, on being informed that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up a chair and threw it across the room, hitting a table in his office. Lucovsky also described Ballmer as saying: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy , I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google,\" then resumed trying to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described this as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place.\" Lucovsky worked on the Microsoft .NET", "The Microsoft Kin phone project, first known by the codename 'Project Pink', began under Allard in 2008. After an internal power struggle, control of the project was moved from Allard to Andy Lees, who headed the Windows Phone division. The project cost Microsoft US$1 billion and was discontinued on June 30, 2010 due to poor sales. Allard headed up the team at Microsoft that created the two-screen tablet prototype and business plan called Courier. The Courier project did not receive funding by Steve Ballmer, who insisted that the product run Windows and Office. Shortly after Ballmer's decision to cancel development of the Courier, Allard left Microsoft, though said his decision to leave was unrelated to the Courier cancellation. On May 25, 2010, Allard left Microsoft. Upon announcing his retirement, Allard wrote an internal email named \"Decide. Change. Reinvent. \" to Microsoft employees discussing his career history at Microsoft and attempting to instill inspiration to a group of employees at Microsoft he refers to as \"The Tribe. \" According to Allard, \"The Tribe\" is \"a group of people diverse in perspective, similar in skills and completely, totally galvanized around one central purpose. Change.\" Before leaving Microsoft, Allard became a director of The Clymb, a Flash sale site featuring outdoor products. In June 2011, The Clymb raised $2 million from a handful of angel investors, including Allard, and was sold to LeftLane Sports in 2016.", "Th\u00e9o Ballmer Th\u00e9o Ballmer (1902-1965) was a Swiss graphic designer, photographer, and professor. He is best known for his Modernist poster designs which influenced the development of the International Typographic Style. Auguste Th\u00e9ophile Ballmer was born in Basel in 1902. In the city, he trained as a draftsman and studied under Ernst Keller at the Zurich Kunstgewerbeschule. Ballmer began professional work as a designer for Hoffmann-La Roche in 1926. In his years at the company, Ballmer became acquainted with a number of avant-garde contemporaries, including Hannes Meyer. In 1928, Ballmer enrolled in the Bauhaus, then under the direction of Meyer. At the school, he studied photography under Walter Peterhans. Ballmer left the Bauhaus in 1930, motivated by his left-leaning political beliefs. Ballmer is best known for his political poster designs, produced directly after his departure from the school. The works are characterized by their use of red and black linocut silhouettes and leftist messages. In 1931, Ballmer joined the faculty of the Allgemeine Gewerbeschule Basel, where he taught photography and design. Ballmer remained associated with the school until his death in 1965. After 1930, Ballmer additionally worked for a number of corporate clients; among the work he produced in this capacity is the logo for the Basel municipal authority. In the mid 1940s, Ballmer and his contemporary, Max Bill, pioneered a new style of graphic design characterized by the use of photography, sans serif typefaces, and logical arrangement of elements. The work produced by the two designers in this period proved foundational to the later emergence of the International Typographic Style. Th\u00e9o Ballmer died in 1965.", "In 2005, Microsoft sued Google for hiring one of its previous vice presidents, Kai-Fu Lee, claiming it was in violation of his one-year non-compete clause in his contract. Mark Lucovsky, who left for Google in 2004, alleged in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office, and that, referring to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt (who previously worked for competitors Sun and Novell), Ballmer vowed to \"kill Google.\" Lucovsky reports:  At some point in the conversation Mr. Ballmer said: \"Just tell me it's not Google.\" I told him it was Google. At that point, Mr. Ballmer picked up a chair and threw it across the room hitting a table in his office. Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy, I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\" Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described Lucovsky's account of the incident as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place\". During the 2011 Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco, he said: \"You don't need to be a computer scientist to use a Windows Phone and you do to use an Android phone ... It is hard for me to be excited about the Android phones.\" In 2013, Ballmer said that Google was a \"monopoly\" that should be pressured from market competition authorities."], "answer": {"text": "Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft.", "answer_start": 981}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "answer": {"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is something interesting about Ballmer?", "answer": {"text": "Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office,", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer say during the incident?", "answer": {"text": "Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he say any other angry words to him?", "answer": {"text": "I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\"", "answer_start": 899, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#6", "question": "Did he stay at Microsoft?", "rewrite": "Did Lucovsky stay at Microsoft after Steve Ballmer attempted to persuade him to stay?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While Allchin proved his written testimony was correct in court, a video-taped demonstration created by Microsoft attorneys, which supposedly illustrated Allchin's points, was shown to be misleading. David Boies believed it was an avoidable mistake made by the Microsoft attorneys. In May 2002, Allchin testified before Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly during the settlement hearing between Microsoft and the nine states (as well as the District of Columbia) involved in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial. Allchin was called to testify on two issues, the first of which gained the most publicity. In relation to the issue of sharing technical API and protocol information used throughout Microsoft products, which the states were seeking, Allchin's testimony discussed how releasing certain information could increase the security risk to consumers. According to exhibits filed in 2006 by the plaintiff in the case of Comes v. Microsoft, Allchin wrote a memo to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer in January 2004, one which was critical of Microsoft and Longhorn. The letter said that Gates and Ballmer had lost their way and compared them to Apple who he believed had not. Allchin was also critical of Microsoft relaxing its requirements for computers to carry the 'Vista Capable' badge. The seal, designed to inform customers of a computer's ability to run the Windows Vista operating system, was not initially intended for computers running Intel's 915 chipset. This was overturned, however, after Intel voiced their dissatisfaction with the decision. In an email to Microsoft's Steve Ballmer, Allchin wrote:  Today, Allchin devotes his time to music, technology, and charity work. He released his first album, \"Enigma\", in 2009 calling the album a beta test. Then in September 2011, Allchin released his first widely distributed blues-themed album: \"Overclocked\".", "On September 11, 2012, the Seattle City Council reached a tentative agreement with Chris Hansen to build a SoDo basketball and ice hockey arena with revisions including the base rent being reduced from $2 million a year to $1 million, some tax revenue paying for surrounding transportation improvements and KeyArena renovations, a study for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena, and an added five-year personal guarantee of bond debts from Hansen. On September 24, 2012, the Seattle City Council approved the memorandum of understanding for the proposed SoDo basketball/ice hockey arena. On October 15, 2012, the King County Council voted unanimously in favor, while the Seattle City Council voted 7\u20132 to approve the amended SoDo multipurpose arena proposal. On August 12, 2014, major investor Steve Ballmer left the Sonics Arena investment team to purchase the Los Angeles Clippers. Ballmer purchased the Clippers for a then record $2 billion. His departure was a devastating double blow for the Sonics Arena investment team, as not only was he expected to be the majority owner of a prospective NBA franchise (A requirement for construction of the arena to commence), but the purchase price of the Clippers also greatly inflated the expected asking price of an NBA franchise (The Houston Rockets selling 3 years later for $2.2 billion ). Hansen vowed to press on with the project despite Ballmer's departure, but acknowledged that he would need to find one if not multiple new investors to replace Ballmer's contribution. The Mayor's budget director Ben Noble later said of the departure of Ballmer that \"the mood at City Hall for Hansen's original MOU soured considerably after Steve Ballmer purchased the Los Angeles Clippers for $2 billion in 2014.\" In June, 2015, architecture giant AECOM released a study commissioned by the 2012 MOU for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena.", "Mark Lucovsky Mark Lucovsky is an American software developer who worked for Microsoft and who is now employed by Facebook as General Manager of Operating Systems. Prior to this, he has worked at VMware He is noted for being a part of the team that designed and built the Windows NT operating system, which after Windows XP became the basis of all current Windows releases. Lucovsky received his bachelor's degree in computer science in 1983 from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. He worked at Digital Equipment Corporation, where he came to the attention of Dave Cutler and Lou Perazzoli. When Cutler and Perazzoli moved to Microsoft to work on their next generation operating system, they asked him to join them. Among his contributions to Windows NT was an eighty-page manual that he wrote with Steve R. Wood defining the Windows application programming interfaces for software developers working on the Windows NT platform. He also managed check-ins to the Windows NT source code, tracking each check-in and discussing it with the developer before allowing it to be committed. Lucovsky was instrumental in moving the Windows team from the homegrown SLM revision control system to a custom version of Perforce (SourceDepot). Mark Lucovsky has stated that Steve Ballmer, on being informed that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up a chair and threw it across the room, hitting a table in his office. Lucovsky also described Ballmer as saying: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy , I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google,\" then resumed trying to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described this as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place.\" Lucovsky worked on the Microsoft .NET", "In 2005, Microsoft sued Google for hiring one of its previous vice presidents, Kai-Fu Lee, claiming it was in violation of his one-year non-compete clause in his contract. Mark Lucovsky, who left for Google in 2004, alleged in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office, and that, referring to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt (who previously worked for competitors Sun and Novell), Ballmer vowed to \"kill Google.\" Lucovsky reports:  At some point in the conversation Mr. Ballmer said: \"Just tell me it's not Google.\" I told him it was Google. At that point, Mr. Ballmer picked up a chair and threw it across the room hitting a table in his office. Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy, I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\" Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described Lucovsky's account of the incident as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place\". During the 2011 Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco, he said: \"You don't need to be a computer scientist to use a Windows Phone and you do to use an Android phone ... It is hard for me to be excited about the Android phones.\" In 2013, Ballmer said that Google was a \"monopoly\" that should be pressured from market competition authorities.", "Martin Andrew Taylor Martin Andrew Taylor is an Operating Principal at Vista Equity Partners, as well as the President of Vista Consulting Group. He was the former senior executive Corporate Vice President of Windows Live and MSN at Microsoft, acting as Steve Ballmer\u2019s Chief of Staff for many years. He attended George Mason University as an Economics major in Fairfax, Virginia. Taylor joined Microsoft in 1993. and rose to head of its Caribbean subsidiary. During this period, Taylor worked closely on several occasions with Steve Ballmer. In 2002, Taylor was hired as Ballmer\u2019s chief of staff. Later, he was named director of business strategy and contributed to the reorganization of Microsoft into seven business groups. In 2003, he became head of the team to steer Microsoft's David-and-Goliath battle against Linux. He spent the next several years helping redevelop Microsoft Windows software to better compete with Linux. His work to start a marketing campaign called \u201cGet the Facts\u201d. The campaign mainly focused on cost of ownership, but later included security, reliability, and interoperability. In March 2006, he was hired as corporate vice president of Windows Live and MSN marketing, and oversaw the creation of Windows Live Messenger (formally MSN Messenger) and the testing of over 20 new Windows Live services. In June 2006, just few months after the first official announcement of Windows Live and only days before the release of Windows Live Messenger 8.0, Microsoft announced they were \"parting ways\" with Taylor. In December 2006, Taylor joined Vista Equity Partners."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "answer": {"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is something interesting about Ballmer?", "answer": {"text": "Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office,", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer say during the incident?", "answer": {"text": "Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he say any other angry words to him?", "answer": {"text": "I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\"", "answer_start": 899, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do next in his life?", "answer": {"text": "Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft.", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_265c416838e641ffb3760b437646ca4f_1_q#7", "question": "What else is interesting about Ballmer?", "rewrite": "Besides becoming enraged and throwing a chair across his office, what else is interesting about Steve Ballmer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To buy the team, Ballmer reportedly beat out other candidates, including Eric Piatkowski and his group, Oprah Winfrey, Floyd Mayweather, Magic Johnson, as well as a group of crowdfunders. The team's sale price, which was four times the expected purchase-evaluated price, prompted speculation that Ballmer aimed to relocate the team to Seattle, his hometown. He had previously been a part of an ownership group that had unsuccessfully attempted to move the Sacramento Kings to that city, but later stated no intention to relocate the team. On August 12, 2014, Ballmer officially took control of the team following an order by a California court that confirmed the sale from Shelly Sterling to Ballmer. As part of the deal, Shelly received the titles of \"Owner Emeritus\" and \"Clippers' Number 1 Fan\", as well as ten tickets in sections 101 or 111 for all Clippers games, two courtside tickets for all games in Los Angeles, six parking spots in Lot C for each game, 12 VIP passes that include access to the Lexus Club, Arena Club, or Chairman's Lounge and Media room or equivalent, for each Staples games, three championship rings following any Clippers title, and will run a charitable foundation. The deal also included a stipulation that Steve Ballmer would keep the Clippers in Los Angeles. On November 6, the team hired its first major female executive as former Auto Club Speedway president Gillian Zucker was hired as the Clippers' president of business operations. Zucker became one of two women to serve in an executive capacity in any of the four major professional sports leagues; the other being Jeanie Buss, president and part-owner of the crosstown Lakers. The Clippers first regular season under Ballmer's ownership ended with a 56\u201326 record and the third seed in the Western Conference going into the 2015 NBA Playoffs.", "On September 11, 2012, the Seattle City Council reached a tentative agreement with Chris Hansen to build a SoDo basketball and ice hockey arena with revisions including the base rent being reduced from $2 million a year to $1 million, some tax revenue paying for surrounding transportation improvements and KeyArena renovations, a study for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena, and an added five-year personal guarantee of bond debts from Hansen. On September 24, 2012, the Seattle City Council approved the memorandum of understanding for the proposed SoDo basketball/ice hockey arena. On October 15, 2012, the King County Council voted unanimously in favor, while the Seattle City Council voted 7\u20132 to approve the amended SoDo multipurpose arena proposal. On August 12, 2014, major investor Steve Ballmer left the Sonics Arena investment team to purchase the Los Angeles Clippers. Ballmer purchased the Clippers for a then record $2 billion. His departure was a devastating double blow for the Sonics Arena investment team, as not only was he expected to be the majority owner of a prospective NBA franchise (A requirement for construction of the arena to commence), but the purchase price of the Clippers also greatly inflated the expected asking price of an NBA franchise (The Houston Rockets selling 3 years later for $2.2 billion ). Hansen vowed to press on with the project despite Ballmer's departure, but acknowledged that he would need to find one if not multiple new investors to replace Ballmer's contribution. The Mayor's budget director Ben Noble later said of the departure of Ballmer that \"the mood at City Hall for Hansen's original MOU soured considerably after Steve Ballmer purchased the Los Angeles Clippers for $2 billion in 2014.\" In June, 2015, architecture giant AECOM released a study commissioned by the 2012 MOU for alternatives for the redevelopment of KeyArena.", "While Allchin proved his written testimony was correct in court, a video-taped demonstration created by Microsoft attorneys, which supposedly illustrated Allchin's points, was shown to be misleading. David Boies believed it was an avoidable mistake made by the Microsoft attorneys. In May 2002, Allchin testified before Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly during the settlement hearing between Microsoft and the nine states (as well as the District of Columbia) involved in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial. Allchin was called to testify on two issues, the first of which gained the most publicity. In relation to the issue of sharing technical API and protocol information used throughout Microsoft products, which the states were seeking, Allchin's testimony discussed how releasing certain information could increase the security risk to consumers. According to exhibits filed in 2006 by the plaintiff in the case of Comes v. Microsoft, Allchin wrote a memo to Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer in January 2004, one which was critical of Microsoft and Longhorn. The letter said that Gates and Ballmer had lost their way and compared them to Apple who he believed had not. Allchin was also critical of Microsoft relaxing its requirements for computers to carry the 'Vista Capable' badge. The seal, designed to inform customers of a computer's ability to run the Windows Vista operating system, was not initially intended for computers running Intel's 915 chipset. This was overturned, however, after Intel voiced their dissatisfaction with the decision. In an email to Microsoft's Steve Ballmer, Allchin wrote:  Today, Allchin devotes his time to music, technology, and charity work. He released his first album, \"Enigma\", in 2009 calling the album a beta test. Then in September 2011, Allchin released his first widely distributed blues-themed album: \"Overclocked\".", "In 2005, Microsoft sued Google for hiring one of its previous vice presidents, Kai-Fu Lee, claiming it was in violation of his one-year non-compete clause in his contract. Mark Lucovsky, who left for Google in 2004, alleged in a sworn statement to a Washington state court that Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office, and that, referring to former Google CEO Eric Schmidt (who previously worked for competitors Sun and Novell), Ballmer vowed to \"kill Google.\" Lucovsky reports:  At some point in the conversation Mr. Ballmer said: \"Just tell me it's not Google.\" I told him it was Google. At that point, Mr. Ballmer picked up a chair and threw it across the room hitting a table in his office. Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy, I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\" Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft. Ballmer has described Lucovsky's account of the incident as a \"gross exaggeration of what actually took place\". During the 2011 Web 2.0 Summit in San Francisco, he said: \"You don't need to be a computer scientist to use a Windows Phone and you do to use an Android phone ... It is hard for me to be excited about the Android phones.\" In 2013, Ballmer said that Google was a \"monopoly\" that should be pressured from market competition authorities.", "Mark Zbikowski Mark \"Zibo\" Joseph Zbikowski (born March 21, 1956) is a former Microsoft Architect and an early computer hacker. He started working at the company only a few years after its inception, leading efforts in MS-DOS, OS/2, Cairo and Windows NT. In 2006 he was honored for 25 years of service with the company, the third employee to reach this milestone, after Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer. He was the designer of the MS-DOS executable file format, and the headers of that file format start with his initials: the ASCII characters 'MZ' (0x4D, 0x5A). Zbikowski was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1956. While attending The Roeper School (then known as Roeper City And Country School) from 1961 to 1974, he developed an interest in mathematics and computers. His 8th-grade performance in the Michigan Mathematics Prize Competition led to an invitation in an NSF-funded summer program at Oakland University where he became friends with Microsoft's Steve Ballmer and Jeff Sachs. Zbikowski pursued Computer Science at Harvard (A.B. 1978) and at Yale (S.M. 1979). He was active in both universities' Gilbert and Sullivan performing groups. Ballmer recruited Zbikowski, who joined Microsoft in 1981. In March 1982 he replaced Tim Paterson as development lead and manager for Microsoft's MS-DOS 2.0, a position he held through DOS 4.0. His first major contributions were the addition of hierarchical directory structure to DOS 2.0 and installable device drivers. From March 1985 until 1991, he was on the architecture team for OS/2, development manager for file systems and device drivers, and technical advisor to Paul Maritz. The breakthrough concept of Installable File System in OS/2 is attributed to him."], "answer": {"text": "In 2013, Ballmer said that Google was a \"monopoly\" that should be pressured from market competition authorities.", "answer_start": 1390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What connection does Steve Ballmer and Google have?", "answer": {"text": "Microsoft", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do with Microsoft?", "answer": {"text": "CEO", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is something interesting about Ballmer?", "answer": {"text": "Ballmer became enraged upon hearing that Lucovsky was about to leave Microsoft for Google, picked up his chair, and threw it across his office,", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer say during the incident?", "answer": {"text": "Mr. Ballmer then said: \"Fucking Eric Schmidt is a fucking pussy. I'm going to fucking bury that guy,", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he say any other angry words to him?", "answer": {"text": "I have done it before, and I will do it again. I'm going to fucking kill Google.\"", "answer_start": 899, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ballmer do next in his life?", "answer": {"text": "Ballmer then resumed attempting to persuade Lucovsky to stay at Microsoft.", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he stay at Microsoft?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#0", "question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chris Frantz Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads. Born in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, Charton Christopher Frantz graduated from Shady Side Academy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied in the early 1970s at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he met both David Byrne and Weymouth. Byrne and Frantz formed a band called the Artistics, which went on to become Talking Heads, in the winter of 1974. Tina Weymouth, then Frantz's girlfriend, also joined the band while the three were at RISD. Frantz and Weymouth were married in 1977. As the drummer for Talking Heads, Frantz never utilizes a ride cymbal; instead choosing to keep the beat on the hi-hat. Cymbals are used only as accent or crashes. Frantz and Weymouth formed Tom Tom Club in 1980 when the Talking Heads went on hiatus due to Byrne's solo efforts. Weymouth, Frantz, and Jerry Harrison reunited as for a one-off album called \"No Talking, Just Head\" in 1996, featuring a rotating cast of vocalists, including Debbie Harry. He and Weymouth produced the Happy Mondays' 1992 album, \"Yes Please!\" and the Scottish group Angelfish's self-titled album, in addition to producing multiple albums for Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers. Frantz and Weymouth also contributed backing vocals and percussion for Gorillaz, the debut album of the band of the same name.", "In 1980, Belew formed a new band, GaGa (based in his then-current hometown of Urbana, Illinois), for which he served as the singer, guitarist and primary songwriter, as well as, via backing tapes, the drummer. By now a frequent visitor to New York City, Belew had also become friends with the up-and-coming new wave/art-rock band Talking Heads. Invited to join the band onstage for performances of their signature song \"Psycho Killer,\" Belew impressed them with his wild and unorthodox guitar soloing and became an occasional guest performer at live concerts. Around this time, Belew also met King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp at a Steve Reich concert. In July of that year, GaGa was invited to open several New York-area concerts for Fripp's band, the League of Gentlemen. At the same time, Belew had been tapped by Talking Heads and their producer Brian Eno (with whom he'd worked on \"Lodger\") to add guitar solos to several tracks on the \"Remain in Light\" album, and was subsequently added to the expanded nine-piece Talking Heads live band for tours in late 1980 and early 1981. These concerts were documented in the DVD \"Live in Roma\" and in the second half of the band's 1982 live album, \"The Name of This Band is Talking Heads\". Belew's involvement with Talking Heads extended to playing on the band's spin-off projects. He played on keyboard player/guitarist Jerry Harrison's debut album, \"The Red and the Black\", and on several tracks on David Byrne's soundtrack to the Twyla Tharp dance piece, \"The Catherine Wheel\" (with his guitar noises credited, amongst other things, as \"beasts\"). At the time, the internal relationships in Talking Heads were particularly strained.", "Talking Heads: 77 Talking Heads: 77 is the debut album by American rock band Talking Heads. It was recorded in April 1977 at New York's Sundragon Studios and released on September 16 of that year by Sire Records. The single \"Psycho Killer\" reached number 92 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. After developing a following playing lower Manhattan's CBGB scene, Talking Heads shopped demos they had recorded for record labels, eventually signing a deal with Sire Records in late 1976. The following April, the band began recording the album at Sundragon Studios, a small studio in lower Manhattan. The album was released by Sire Records in the UK and US and Philips Records throughout continental Europe. In 2005, it was remastered and re-released by Warner Music Group on their Warner Bros./Sire Records/Rhino Records labels in DualDisc format with five bonus tracks on the CD side (see track listing below). The DVD-Audio side includes both stereo and 5.1 surround high resolution (96 kHz/24bit) mixes, as well as a Dolby Digital version and videos of the band performing \"Pulled Up\" and \"I Feel It in My Heart\". In Europe, it was released as a CD+DVDA two-disc set, rather than a single DualDisc. The reissue was produced by Andy Zax with Talking Heads. The album was re-released on vinyl on April 18, 2009 for Record Store Day. Reviewing for \"The Village Voice\" in 1977, Robert Christgau said that while \"a debut LP will often seem overrefined to habitues of a band's scene\", the more he listened to the album the more he believed \"the Heads set themselves the task of hurdling such limitations\", and succeeded with \"77\":", "Chapala, Jalisco  Chapala is a town and municipality in the central Mexican state of Jalisco, located on the north shore of Lake Chapala, Mexico's largest freshwater lake. According to the 2015 census, its population is 50,738 for the municipality. The municipality includes about 10,000 in the town of Ajijic. Chapala is 28 miles (45 km) south-southeast of Guadalajara, on Mexican Federal Highway 44. It is located at 20\u00b020' North, 103\u00b010' West. Although there are several theories as to the origin of the city's name, the most likely is that it comes from Chapalac, the name of the last chief of the Nahuatl-speaking indigenous people of the region. Chapala became an official municipality on September 10, 1864, by decree of the Jalisco State Congress. During the First World War, in 1915, Norwegian speculators intended to make Chapala a luxury resort town. A railway was to be built, with separate carriages for black and white people. In addition to the railway, the speculators would also provide two motor vessels to trafficate the lake with connections to the other small towns at the lake shore. A first class hotel was to be built, as well as an automobile club with attached casino. An extensive dam, 8 kilometers long to provide dry land with plots for luxury dwellings. What the shareholders in the company, \"Compania di Fromento di Chapala\" received, was only photographs of railway carriages and locomotives. See the book; Gullfeber by Kr. Fr. Br\u00f8gger, published in Oslo 1932. In the late 1940s the American writer Tennessee Williams settled in Chapala for a while to work on a play called \"The Poker Night\", which later became \"A Streetcar Named Desire\".", "Talking Heads Africa Talking Heads (Africa) was introduced in Cape Town in 2008 as part of the Infecting the City public art festival. Talking Heads has four core components that form the project. These include: developing a platform for conversation and exchange with and between experts; creating a network of African thought leaders; shooting mini-documentaries that define these leaders and their contributions; developing the tools to make this model work in cities all over the African continent. Educating the African continent or reshaping perspectives of who and what Africa is and is capable of is no small undertaking nor their ambition. Talking Heads is designed to identify, showcase, network and expose Africa\u2019s \u201cThought Leaders\u201d as a way of both developing and depicting ideas as well as opening a window into an alternative reality outside the commonly held notions of continental collapse. This is a reality that showcases what is extraordinary about the people in Africa, their visions and current manifestations that are solving problems and making a meaningful and affirmative contribution to their communities, cities, countries, continent and the world. Their approach does however provide a model that can be replicated anywhere in Africa and with scale it can offer an alternative narrative of who and what we know about this place. This model is \u2013 Talking Heads. The Talking Heads live events use the art of conversation as a potent way to exchange knowledge about the world and the people. People share, debate and adapt thoughts through the conversation. Its manifestation was designed to create a platform of social interaction. In practice Talking Heads constructs as a public event where ticket holders have an intimate 20 minute conversation with four different experts. There are two or three audience members and one expert per table. Each event contains 40 to 50 experts. These experts range from cosmologists to economic forecasters, futurists, sex worker activists, nuclear physicists, etc. Talking Heads live creates mini-documentaries with participants from the Talking Heads live events."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#1", "question": "What was one of their successful albums?", "rewrite": "What was one of the Talking Heads's successful albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jerry Harrison Jeremiah Griffin Harrison (born February 21, 1949) is an American songwriter, musician, producer, and entrepreneur. He achieved fame as the keyboardist and guitarist for the New Wave band Talking Heads and as an original member of The Modern Lovers. In 2002, Harrison was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Harrison played with Jonathan Richman in The Modern Lovers when he was an architecture student at Harvard University. Harrison was introduced to Richman by mutual friend and journalist Danny Fields and the pair bonded over their shared love of the Velvet Underground. He joined The Modern Lovers in early 1971, playing on their debut album in 1972 (not released until 1976), and left in February 1974 when Richman wished to perform his songs more quietly. Harrison joined Talking Heads in 1977, after the release of their debut single \"Love \u2192 Building on Fire\". Harrison's critically acclaimed solo albums include \"The Red and the Black\", \"Casual Gods\", and \"Walk on Water\". The single \"Rev It Up (song)\" reached a high-point on the US Mainstream Charts topping out at #7, in 1987. An instrumental version of the song appeared in the hit movie \"Something Wild\". After the 1991 breakup of Talking Heads, Harrison turned to producing and worked on successful albums by bands including Hockey, Violent Femmes, The BoDeans, The Von Bondies, General Public, Live, Crash Test Dummies, The Verve Pipe, Rusted Root, Stroke 9, The Bogmen, Black 47, The Mayfield Four, Of A Revolution, No Doubt, Josh Joplin Group, The Black and White Years, Kenny Wayne Shepherd, Bamboo Shoots, the String Cheese Incident and The Gracious Few.", "Chris Frantz Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads. Born in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, Charton Christopher Frantz graduated from Shady Side Academy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied in the early 1970s at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he met both David Byrne and Weymouth. Byrne and Frantz formed a band called the Artistics, which went on to become Talking Heads, in the winter of 1974. Tina Weymouth, then Frantz's girlfriend, also joined the band while the three were at RISD. Frantz and Weymouth were married in 1977. As the drummer for Talking Heads, Frantz never utilizes a ride cymbal; instead choosing to keep the beat on the hi-hat. Cymbals are used only as accent or crashes. Frantz and Weymouth formed Tom Tom Club in 1980 when the Talking Heads went on hiatus due to Byrne's solo efforts. Weymouth, Frantz, and Jerry Harrison reunited as for a one-off album called \"No Talking, Just Head\" in 1996, featuring a rotating cast of vocalists, including Debbie Harry. He and Weymouth produced the Happy Mondays' 1992 album, \"Yes Please!\" and the Scottish group Angelfish's self-titled album, in addition to producing multiple albums for Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers. Frantz and Weymouth also contributed backing vocals and percussion for Gorillaz, the debut album of the band of the same name.", "Talking Heads Africa Talking Heads (Africa) was introduced in Cape Town in 2008 as part of the Infecting the City public art festival. Talking Heads has four core components that form the project. These include: developing a platform for conversation and exchange with and between experts; creating a network of African thought leaders; shooting mini-documentaries that define these leaders and their contributions; developing the tools to make this model work in cities all over the African continent. Educating the African continent or reshaping perspectives of who and what Africa is and is capable of is no small undertaking nor their ambition. Talking Heads is designed to identify, showcase, network and expose Africa\u2019s \u201cThought Leaders\u201d as a way of both developing and depicting ideas as well as opening a window into an alternative reality outside the commonly held notions of continental collapse. This is a reality that showcases what is extraordinary about the people in Africa, their visions and current manifestations that are solving problems and making a meaningful and affirmative contribution to their communities, cities, countries, continent and the world. Their approach does however provide a model that can be replicated anywhere in Africa and with scale it can offer an alternative narrative of who and what we know about this place. This model is \u2013 Talking Heads. The Talking Heads live events use the art of conversation as a potent way to exchange knowledge about the world and the people. People share, debate and adapt thoughts through the conversation. Its manifestation was designed to create a platform of social interaction. In practice Talking Heads constructs as a public event where ticket holders have an intimate 20 minute conversation with four different experts. There are two or three audience members and one expert per table. Each event contains 40 to 50 experts. These experts range from cosmologists to economic forecasters, futurists, sex worker activists, nuclear physicists, etc. Talking Heads live creates mini-documentaries with participants from the Talking Heads live events.", "After releasing four albums in barely four years, the group went into hiatus, and nearly three years passed before their next release, although Frantz and Weymouth continued to record with the Tom Tom Club. In the meantime, Talking Heads released a live album The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads, toured the United States and Europe as an eight-piece group, and parted ways with Eno, who went on to produce albums with U2. 1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\". Once again, a striking video was inescapable owing to its heavy rotation on MTV. The following tour was documented in Jonathan Demme's Stop Making Sense, which generated another live album of the same name. The tour in support of Speaking in Tongues was their last. Three more albums followed: 1985's Little Creatures (which featured the hit singles \"And She Was\" and \"Road to Nowhere\"), 1986's True Stories (Talking Heads covering all the soundtrack songs of Byrne's musical comedy film, in which the band also appeared), and 1988's Naked. Little Creatures offered a much more American pop-rock sound as opposed to previous efforts. Similar in genre, True Stories hatched one of the group's most successful hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and the accordion-driven track \"Radio Head\", which became the etymon of the band of the same name. Naked explored politics, sex, and death, and showed heavy African influence with polyrhythmic styles like those seen on Remain in Light. During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\". It took until December 1991 for an official announcement to be made that Talking Heads had broken up.", "In 1980, Belew formed a new band, GaGa (based in his then-current hometown of Urbana, Illinois), for which he served as the singer, guitarist and primary songwriter, as well as, via backing tapes, the drummer. By now a frequent visitor to New York City, Belew had also become friends with the up-and-coming new wave/art-rock band Talking Heads. Invited to join the band onstage for performances of their signature song \"Psycho Killer,\" Belew impressed them with his wild and unorthodox guitar soloing and became an occasional guest performer at live concerts. Around this time, Belew also met King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp at a Steve Reich concert. In July of that year, GaGa was invited to open several New York-area concerts for Fripp's band, the League of Gentlemen. At the same time, Belew had been tapped by Talking Heads and their producer Brian Eno (with whom he'd worked on \"Lodger\") to add guitar solos to several tracks on the \"Remain in Light\" album, and was subsequently added to the expanded nine-piece Talking Heads live band for tours in late 1980 and early 1981. These concerts were documented in the DVD \"Live in Roma\" and in the second half of the band's 1982 live album, \"The Name of This Band is Talking Heads\". Belew's involvement with Talking Heads extended to playing on the band's spin-off projects. He played on keyboard player/guitarist Jerry Harrison's debut album, \"The Red and the Black\", and on several tracks on David Byrne's soundtrack to the Twyla Tharp dance piece, \"The Catherine Wheel\" (with his guitar noises credited, amongst other things, as \"beasts\"). At the time, the internal relationships in Talking Heads were particularly strained."], "answer": {"text": "1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\".", "answer_start": 426}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#2", "question": "What were some of the problems that led to their breakup?", "rewrite": "What were some of the problems that led to the Talking Heads breaking up?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Talking Heads (series) Talking Heads is a series of dramatic monologues written for BBC television by British playwright Alan Bennett. The two series were first broadcast in 1988 and 1998, and have since been broadcast on BBC Radio and included on the A-level and GCSE English Literature syllabus. A West End theatre production, also entitled \"Talking Heads\", opened at the Comedy Theatre in January 1992 for a 10-week season, starring Patricia Routledge and Alan Bennett, who also directed, plus piano interludes by Jeremy Sams. A few episodes also aired on PBS in the United States as part of its \"Masterpiece Theatre\" programme. In 2002, seven of the pieces were performed at the Tiffany Theater in Los Angeles for a highly praised engagement. In 2003, the Los Angeles production was staged Off-Broadway, at The Minetta Lane Theater with a few changes in casting and creative personnel, and replacement of one of its seven monologues. Exceeding the critical and commercial success of its LA run, this version was recognized with Drama Desk and Outer Critics Circle award nominations, and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress (Lynn Redgrave), The Obie Award for Outstanding Performance, (Kathleen Chalfant, Daniel Davis, Christine Ebersole, Valerie Mahaffey, Lynn Redgrave, Brenda Wehle), and The Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Foreign Play (Alan Bennett). The entire series is now available on DVD and also in published form. There are two series of \"Talking Heads\", six monologues in each, along with an earlier (1982) play, \"A Woman of No Importance\", which, while not released alongside \"Talking Heads\", generally fits into the [[canon (fiction)|canon]].", "Talking Heads: 77 Talking Heads: 77 is the debut album by American rock band Talking Heads. It was recorded in April 1977 at New York's Sundragon Studios and released on September 16 of that year by Sire Records. The single \"Psycho Killer\" reached number 92 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. After developing a following playing lower Manhattan's CBGB scene, Talking Heads shopped demos they had recorded for record labels, eventually signing a deal with Sire Records in late 1976. The following April, the band began recording the album at Sundragon Studios, a small studio in lower Manhattan. The album was released by Sire Records in the UK and US and Philips Records throughout continental Europe. In 2005, it was remastered and re-released by Warner Music Group on their Warner Bros./Sire Records/Rhino Records labels in DualDisc format with five bonus tracks on the CD side (see track listing below). The DVD-Audio side includes both stereo and 5.1 surround high resolution (96 kHz/24bit) mixes, as well as a Dolby Digital version and videos of the band performing \"Pulled Up\" and \"I Feel It in My Heart\". In Europe, it was released as a CD+DVDA two-disc set, rather than a single DualDisc. The reissue was produced by Andy Zax with Talking Heads. The album was re-released on vinyl on April 18, 2009 for Record Store Day. Reviewing for \"The Village Voice\" in 1977, Robert Christgau said that while \"a debut LP will often seem overrefined to habitues of a band's scene\", the more he listened to the album the more he believed \"the Heads set themselves the task of hurdling such limitations\", and succeeded with \"77\":", "Talking Heads Africa Talking Heads (Africa) was introduced in Cape Town in 2008 as part of the Infecting the City public art festival. Talking Heads has four core components that form the project. These include: developing a platform for conversation and exchange with and between experts; creating a network of African thought leaders; shooting mini-documentaries that define these leaders and their contributions; developing the tools to make this model work in cities all over the African continent. Educating the African continent or reshaping perspectives of who and what Africa is and is capable of is no small undertaking nor their ambition. Talking Heads is designed to identify, showcase, network and expose Africa\u2019s \u201cThought Leaders\u201d as a way of both developing and depicting ideas as well as opening a window into an alternative reality outside the commonly held notions of continental collapse. This is a reality that showcases what is extraordinary about the people in Africa, their visions and current manifestations that are solving problems and making a meaningful and affirmative contribution to their communities, cities, countries, continent and the world. Their approach does however provide a model that can be replicated anywhere in Africa and with scale it can offer an alternative narrative of who and what we know about this place. This model is \u2013 Talking Heads. The Talking Heads live events use the art of conversation as a potent way to exchange knowledge about the world and the people. People share, debate and adapt thoughts through the conversation. Its manifestation was designed to create a platform of social interaction. In practice Talking Heads constructs as a public event where ticket holders have an intimate 20 minute conversation with four different experts. There are two or three audience members and one expert per table. Each event contains 40 to 50 experts. These experts range from cosmologists to economic forecasters, futurists, sex worker activists, nuclear physicists, etc. Talking Heads live creates mini-documentaries with participants from the Talking Heads live events.", "In 1980, Belew formed a new band, GaGa (based in his then-current hometown of Urbana, Illinois), for which he served as the singer, guitarist and primary songwriter, as well as, via backing tapes, the drummer. By now a frequent visitor to New York City, Belew had also become friends with the up-and-coming new wave/art-rock band Talking Heads. Invited to join the band onstage for performances of their signature song \"Psycho Killer,\" Belew impressed them with his wild and unorthodox guitar soloing and became an occasional guest performer at live concerts. Around this time, Belew also met King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp at a Steve Reich concert. In July of that year, GaGa was invited to open several New York-area concerts for Fripp's band, the League of Gentlemen. At the same time, Belew had been tapped by Talking Heads and their producer Brian Eno (with whom he'd worked on \"Lodger\") to add guitar solos to several tracks on the \"Remain in Light\" album, and was subsequently added to the expanded nine-piece Talking Heads live band for tours in late 1980 and early 1981. These concerts were documented in the DVD \"Live in Roma\" and in the second half of the band's 1982 live album, \"The Name of This Band is Talking Heads\". Belew's involvement with Talking Heads extended to playing on the band's spin-off projects. He played on keyboard player/guitarist Jerry Harrison's debut album, \"The Red and the Black\", and on several tracks on David Byrne's soundtrack to the Twyla Tharp dance piece, \"The Catherine Wheel\" (with his guitar noises credited, amongst other things, as \"beasts\"). At the time, the internal relationships in Talking Heads were particularly strained.", "Chris Frantz Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads. Born in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, Charton Christopher Frantz graduated from Shady Side Academy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied in the early 1970s at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he met both David Byrne and Weymouth. Byrne and Frantz formed a band called the Artistics, which went on to become Talking Heads, in the winter of 1974. Tina Weymouth, then Frantz's girlfriend, also joined the band while the three were at RISD. Frantz and Weymouth were married in 1977. As the drummer for Talking Heads, Frantz never utilizes a ride cymbal; instead choosing to keep the beat on the hi-hat. Cymbals are used only as accent or crashes. Frantz and Weymouth formed Tom Tom Club in 1980 when the Talking Heads went on hiatus due to Byrne's solo efforts. Weymouth, Frantz, and Jerry Harrison reunited as for a one-off album called \"No Talking, Just Head\" in 1996, featuring a rotating cast of vocalists, including Debbie Harry. He and Weymouth produced the Happy Mondays' 1992 album, \"Yes Please!\" and the Scottish group Angelfish's self-titled album, in addition to producing multiple albums for Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers. Frantz and Weymouth also contributed backing vocals and percussion for Gorillaz, the debut album of the band of the same name."], "answer": {"text": "During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\".", "answer_start": 1542}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their successful albums?", "answer": {"text": "1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\".", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#3", "question": "Did they perform together after the hiatus?", "rewrite": "Did The Talking Heads perform together after the band's hiatus?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Talking Heads Africa Talking Heads (Africa) was introduced in Cape Town in 2008 as part of the Infecting the City public art festival. Talking Heads has four core components that form the project. These include: developing a platform for conversation and exchange with and between experts; creating a network of African thought leaders; shooting mini-documentaries that define these leaders and their contributions; developing the tools to make this model work in cities all over the African continent. Educating the African continent or reshaping perspectives of who and what Africa is and is capable of is no small undertaking nor their ambition. Talking Heads is designed to identify, showcase, network and expose Africa\u2019s \u201cThought Leaders\u201d as a way of both developing and depicting ideas as well as opening a window into an alternative reality outside the commonly held notions of continental collapse. This is a reality that showcases what is extraordinary about the people in Africa, their visions and current manifestations that are solving problems and making a meaningful and affirmative contribution to their communities, cities, countries, continent and the world. Their approach does however provide a model that can be replicated anywhere in Africa and with scale it can offer an alternative narrative of who and what we know about this place. This model is \u2013 Talking Heads. The Talking Heads live events use the art of conversation as a potent way to exchange knowledge about the world and the people. People share, debate and adapt thoughts through the conversation. Its manifestation was designed to create a platform of social interaction. In practice Talking Heads constructs as a public event where ticket holders have an intimate 20 minute conversation with four different experts. There are two or three audience members and one expert per table. Each event contains 40 to 50 experts. These experts range from cosmologists to economic forecasters, futurists, sex worker activists, nuclear physicists, etc. Talking Heads live creates mini-documentaries with participants from the Talking Heads live events.", "In 1980, Belew formed a new band, GaGa (based in his then-current hometown of Urbana, Illinois), for which he served as the singer, guitarist and primary songwriter, as well as, via backing tapes, the drummer. By now a frequent visitor to New York City, Belew had also become friends with the up-and-coming new wave/art-rock band Talking Heads. Invited to join the band onstage for performances of their signature song \"Psycho Killer,\" Belew impressed them with his wild and unorthodox guitar soloing and became an occasional guest performer at live concerts. Around this time, Belew also met King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp at a Steve Reich concert. In July of that year, GaGa was invited to open several New York-area concerts for Fripp's band, the League of Gentlemen. At the same time, Belew had been tapped by Talking Heads and their producer Brian Eno (with whom he'd worked on \"Lodger\") to add guitar solos to several tracks on the \"Remain in Light\" album, and was subsequently added to the expanded nine-piece Talking Heads live band for tours in late 1980 and early 1981. These concerts were documented in the DVD \"Live in Roma\" and in the second half of the band's 1982 live album, \"The Name of This Band is Talking Heads\". Belew's involvement with Talking Heads extended to playing on the band's spin-off projects. He played on keyboard player/guitarist Jerry Harrison's debut album, \"The Red and the Black\", and on several tracks on David Byrne's soundtrack to the Twyla Tharp dance piece, \"The Catherine Wheel\" (with his guitar noises credited, amongst other things, as \"beasts\"). At the time, the internal relationships in Talking Heads were particularly strained.", "Chris Frantz Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads. Born in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, Charton Christopher Frantz graduated from Shady Side Academy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied in the early 1970s at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he met both David Byrne and Weymouth. Byrne and Frantz formed a band called the Artistics, which went on to become Talking Heads, in the winter of 1974. Tina Weymouth, then Frantz's girlfriend, also joined the band while the three were at RISD. Frantz and Weymouth were married in 1977. As the drummer for Talking Heads, Frantz never utilizes a ride cymbal; instead choosing to keep the beat on the hi-hat. Cymbals are used only as accent or crashes. Frantz and Weymouth formed Tom Tom Club in 1980 when the Talking Heads went on hiatus due to Byrne's solo efforts. Weymouth, Frantz, and Jerry Harrison reunited as for a one-off album called \"No Talking, Just Head\" in 1996, featuring a rotating cast of vocalists, including Debbie Harry. He and Weymouth produced the Happy Mondays' 1992 album, \"Yes Please!\" and the Scottish group Angelfish's self-titled album, in addition to producing multiple albums for Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers. Frantz and Weymouth also contributed backing vocals and percussion for Gorillaz, the debut album of the band of the same name.", "Kenton Hills Porcelains Kenton Hills Porcelains were high-fired soft paste porcelain products manufactured by Kenton Hills Porcelains, Inc. Ceramics were produced from 1940 to 1943 in Erlanger, Kentucky, with sales continuing to 1944. All ceramic products were made from native clays. Products include vases, bookends, figurines, lamp bases, and flowerpots. Harold Bopp, a ceramic engineer, began working for Rookwood Pottery in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1929 as the head of the chemistry and color department. Shortly after being hired, Bopp became superintendent of all Rookwood facilities. In 1939, Bopp approached the company's president John D. Wareham with ideas for helping the failing company. The Great Depression was largely to blame for Rookwood's financial problems, but Bopp believed that selling more to wholesalers, thus reducing inventory, would increase cash flow and allow the company to make upgrades to the company's manufacturing processes. Wareham was an artist and not business-minded. He rejected Bopp's suggestions and Bopp resigned from Rookwood. He and several other former employees discussed creating a new pottery that would incorporate Bopp's ideas for the foundering Rookwood company. Bopp established the Harold F. Bopp Manufacturing Company and selected a location on U.S. Route 25 (Dixie Highway) in Erlanger, Kentucky. According to the trademark application, the first products intended for sale were begun on January 22, 1940. In May 1940, the first large amount of pottery was fired in the kiln. Kenton Hills Porcelains, Inc. officially opened for business on November 11, 1940. Production and output from the company was brisk during the first year of operation.", "The company had marketing agreements with Nieman-Marcus in Dallas, Marshall Field's in Chicago, Gump in San Francisco, Halle Brothers Co. in Cleveland, and Lord & Taylor, Tiffany & Co., and Georg Jensen Company, all in New York City. Distribution of Kenton Hills Porcelains was under contract of Schoemaker & Company, Inc. of New York, serving as representatives of the company for outlet stores. Many of the staff involved with Kenton Hills Porcelains were friends or relatives of the owners and not all of their names have been documented. The following individuals were involved with glaze production, decoration, mold making, shape sculpting, firing or a combination of several of these tasks. All production of Kenton Hills Porcelains was brought to a halt in early 1943 when the kilns were last fired. They were only sporadically fired in 1942. Seyler had enlisted in the U.S. Navy in 1942 and Bopp left for a job with Corning Glass that same year. Dawson and Reichardt went to work for the war defense industry. Hentschel returned to the Cincinnati Art Academy full-time. The Kenton Hills Porcelains production facility, including the kilns, was leased to the U.S. Army for storage of defense materials. Following the war, the facility was found to be in great disrepair and the kilns were contaminated. Despite all of these setbacks, Rosemary Dickman Seyler was able to keep the Kenton Hills Porcelains salesroom open into 1944. Schoemaker & Company failed to deliver the last shipment of Kenton Hills wares to the outlet stores, and subsequent litigation to recover the financial losses was never resolved. The last of Kenton Hills' glazed pots were sold to the Crest Lamp Company."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their successful albums?", "answer": {"text": "1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\".", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the problems that led to their breakup?", "answer": {"text": "During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\".", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#4", "question": "Were there other conflicts that led to the breakup?", "rewrite": "Besides David Byrne increasingly taking control, were there other conflicts that led to the Talking Heads breaking up?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chris Frantz Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads. Born in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, Charton Christopher Frantz graduated from Shady Side Academy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied in the early 1970s at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he met both David Byrne and Weymouth. Byrne and Frantz formed a band called the Artistics, which went on to become Talking Heads, in the winter of 1974. Tina Weymouth, then Frantz's girlfriend, also joined the band while the three were at RISD. Frantz and Weymouth were married in 1977. As the drummer for Talking Heads, Frantz never utilizes a ride cymbal; instead choosing to keep the beat on the hi-hat. Cymbals are used only as accent or crashes. Frantz and Weymouth formed Tom Tom Club in 1980 when the Talking Heads went on hiatus due to Byrne's solo efforts. Weymouth, Frantz, and Jerry Harrison reunited as for a one-off album called \"No Talking, Just Head\" in 1996, featuring a rotating cast of vocalists, including Debbie Harry. He and Weymouth produced the Happy Mondays' 1992 album, \"Yes Please!\" and the Scottish group Angelfish's self-titled album, in addition to producing multiple albums for Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers. Frantz and Weymouth also contributed backing vocals and percussion for Gorillaz, the debut album of the band of the same name.", "True Stories (film) True Stories is a 1986 American musical satirical comedy film directed by David Byrne, who stars alongside John Goodman, Swoosie Kurtz, and Spalding Gray. The majority of the film's music is supplied by Talking Heads. A soundtrack album, titled \"Sounds from True Stories\", featured songs by Byrne, Talking Heads, Terry Allen & The Panhandle Mystery Band, and others. Around the same time, Talking Heads released an album titled \"True Stories\", composed of studio recordings of songs featured in the film. \"True Stories\" was released by Warner Bros. in the United States, Canada, Italy, and Sweden in 1986, with limited release elsewhere the following year. Byrne was given much creative control over the motion picture's direction, largely due to the mainstream success of Talking Heads' 1984 concert film \"Stop Making Sense\". The film is presented as a series of vignettes centered around Byrne as an unnamed, cowboy-hat-wearing stranger who visits the fictional Texas town of Virgil, where he observes the citizens as they prepare for the \"Celebration of Specialness\" to mark the 150th anniversary of Texas' independence. The event is being sponsored by the Varicorp Corporation, a local computer manufacturing plant. Among the many characters the visitor meets and interacts with, the most prominent are:   Stephen Tobolowsky recounts in an episode of his podcast \"The Tobolowsky Files\" that his girlfriend Beth Henley and he met David Byrne and Talking Heads when Jonathan Demme invited them to a preview screening of \"Stop Making Sense\". Shortly afterward, Byrne invited Henley and Tobolowsky over to his house and showed them a collection of hundreds of drawings he had made and put up on his wall. He explained they were based on clippings he had scrapbooked from tabloids as the band had been on tour.", "Once in a Lifetime (Talking Heads song) \"Once in a Lifetime\" is a song by the American rock band Talking Heads, produced and cowritten by Brian Eno. The lead single from Talking Heads' fourth studio album, \"Remain in Light\" (1980) , it was released on February 2, 1981, through Sire Records. Eno and Talking Heads developed \"Once in a Lifetime\" through extensive jams, inspired by Afrobeat musicians such as Fela Kuti. David Byrne's lyrics and vocals were inspired by preachers delivering sermons. The music video, co-directed by Toni Basil, has Byrne dancing erratically over footage of religious rituals. \"Once in a Lifetime\" was certified silver in the UK in 2018. A live version, taken from the 1984 concert film \"Stop Making Sense\", charted in 1986 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. NPR named \"Once in a Lifetime\" one of the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame lists it as one of the \"500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll\". Like other songs on \"Remain in Light\", Talking Heads and producer Brian Eno developed \"Once in a Lifetime\" by recording jams, isolating the best parts, and learning to play them repetitively. Songwriter Robert Palmer joined the jam on guitar and percussion. The technique was influenced by early hip hop and the afrobeat music of artists such as Fela Kuti, which Eno had introduced to the band. Singer David Byrne likened the process to modern looping and sampling, describing the band as \"human samplers\". He said the song was a result of the band trying and failing to play funk, inadvertently creating something new instead. The track was initially not one of Eno's favorites, and the band almost abandoned it.", "David Byrne discography This page contains a comprehensive collection of information related to recordings by Scottish-American composer, musician, and producer David Byrne, former singer for Talking Heads. Byrne appeared on every release by Talking Heads, including their studio albums: And the live albums: While recording with Talking Heads, Byrne started working on collaborations and albums with the band. In addition to the scores and soundtracks that have been released as albums, Byrne has written music for several other productions: Talking Heads produced or co-produced all their own music; in addition, Byrne has produced: Byrne has released a handful of books, including \"Arboretum\", a collection of sketches of some of his favorite trees, and \"The New Sins\", a work about sin in the 21st century. He has also made several public art installations, speaking engagements on art and technology, and PowerPoint presentations. In addition to a recording career as a solo artist, he also founded the record labels Luaka Bop and Todo Mundo.", "No Talking, Just Head No Talking, Just Head is an album released in 1996 by The Heads, a band composed of Jerry Harrison, Tina Weymouth, and Chris Frantz of Talking Heads, joined by a variety of guest singers. Its name may be seen as an allusion to the fact that Talking Heads' former vocalist, David Byrne, is the only member not involved. This was, at the time, intended to turn into a full-time project, with further studio albums and tour. Furthermore, a live CD/video of the first tour was planned, featuring performances of songs originally recorded by Talking Heads reinterpreted by the album's guest artists. However, David Byrne sued the band, asserting that their name and presentation was too evocative of Talking Heads, and put an end to those further-reaching plans, although the suit was settled out of court, and the album was released. The band toured the US in the fall of 1996 with Johnette Napolitano serving as the primary lead vocalist. \"Damage I've Done\" and \"Don't Take My Kindness for Weakness\" were released as singles. The album received negative reviews. All songs written by Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison, Tina Weymouth and T. \"Blast\" Murray; other lyricists in parentheses. \"Respect to Sly Dunbar for the great loop from Sly Dunbar's \"Reggae Drum Splash\" CD used in addition to Chris' drums & loops within \"Punk Lolita\".\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their successful albums?", "answer": {"text": "1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\".", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the problems that led to their breakup?", "answer": {"text": "During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\".", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform together after the hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#5", "question": "What sort of acclaim did they receive during their success?", "rewrite": "What sort of acclaim did The Talking Heads receive during their success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Talking Heads (series) Talking Heads is a series of dramatic monologues written for BBC television by British playwright Alan Bennett. The two series were first broadcast in 1988 and 1998, and have since been broadcast on BBC Radio and included on the A-level and GCSE English Literature syllabus. A West End theatre production, also entitled \"Talking Heads\", opened at the Comedy Theatre in January 1992 for a 10-week season, starring Patricia Routledge and Alan Bennett, who also directed, plus piano interludes by Jeremy Sams. A few episodes also aired on PBS in the United States as part of its \"Masterpiece Theatre\" programme. In 2002, seven of the pieces were performed at the Tiffany Theater in Los Angeles for a highly praised engagement. In 2003, the Los Angeles production was staged Off-Broadway, at The Minetta Lane Theater with a few changes in casting and creative personnel, and replacement of one of its seven monologues. Exceeding the critical and commercial success of its LA run, this version was recognized with Drama Desk and Outer Critics Circle award nominations, and won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actress (Lynn Redgrave), The Obie Award for Outstanding Performance, (Kathleen Chalfant, Daniel Davis, Christine Ebersole, Valerie Mahaffey, Lynn Redgrave, Brenda Wehle), and The Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Foreign Play (Alan Bennett). The entire series is now available on DVD and also in published form. There are two series of \"Talking Heads\", six monologues in each, along with an earlier (1982) play, \"A Woman of No Importance\", which, while not released alongside \"Talking Heads\", generally fits into the [[canon (fiction)|canon]].", "True Stories (film) True Stories is a 1986 American musical satirical comedy film directed by David Byrne, who stars alongside John Goodman, Swoosie Kurtz, and Spalding Gray. The majority of the film's music is supplied by Talking Heads. A soundtrack album, titled \"Sounds from True Stories\", featured songs by Byrne, Talking Heads, Terry Allen & The Panhandle Mystery Band, and others. Around the same time, Talking Heads released an album titled \"True Stories\", composed of studio recordings of songs featured in the film. \"True Stories\" was released by Warner Bros. in the United States, Canada, Italy, and Sweden in 1986, with limited release elsewhere the following year. Byrne was given much creative control over the motion picture's direction, largely due to the mainstream success of Talking Heads' 1984 concert film \"Stop Making Sense\". The film is presented as a series of vignettes centered around Byrne as an unnamed, cowboy-hat-wearing stranger who visits the fictional Texas town of Virgil, where he observes the citizens as they prepare for the \"Celebration of Specialness\" to mark the 150th anniversary of Texas' independence. The event is being sponsored by the Varicorp Corporation, a local computer manufacturing plant. Among the many characters the visitor meets and interacts with, the most prominent are:   Stephen Tobolowsky recounts in an episode of his podcast \"The Tobolowsky Files\" that his girlfriend Beth Henley and he met David Byrne and Talking Heads when Jonathan Demme invited them to a preview screening of \"Stop Making Sense\". Shortly afterward, Byrne invited Henley and Tobolowsky over to his house and showed them a collection of hundreds of drawings he had made and put up on his wall. He explained they were based on clippings he had scrapbooked from tabloids as the band had been on tour.", "Chris Frantz Charton Christopher Frantz (born May 8, 1951) is an American musician and record producer. He is the drummer for both Talking Heads and Tom Tom Club, which he co-founded with wife and Talking Heads bassist Tina Weymouth. In 2002, Frantz was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Talking Heads. Born in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, Charton Christopher Frantz graduated from Shady Side Academy in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied in the early 1970s at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he met both David Byrne and Weymouth. Byrne and Frantz formed a band called the Artistics, which went on to become Talking Heads, in the winter of 1974. Tina Weymouth, then Frantz's girlfriend, also joined the band while the three were at RISD. Frantz and Weymouth were married in 1977. As the drummer for Talking Heads, Frantz never utilizes a ride cymbal; instead choosing to keep the beat on the hi-hat. Cymbals are used only as accent or crashes. Frantz and Weymouth formed Tom Tom Club in 1980 when the Talking Heads went on hiatus due to Byrne's solo efforts. Weymouth, Frantz, and Jerry Harrison reunited as for a one-off album called \"No Talking, Just Head\" in 1996, featuring a rotating cast of vocalists, including Debbie Harry. He and Weymouth produced the Happy Mondays' 1992 album, \"Yes Please!\" and the Scottish group Angelfish's self-titled album, in addition to producing multiple albums for Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers. Frantz and Weymouth also contributed backing vocals and percussion for Gorillaz, the debut album of the band of the same name.", "In 1980, Belew formed a new band, GaGa (based in his then-current hometown of Urbana, Illinois), for which he served as the singer, guitarist and primary songwriter, as well as, via backing tapes, the drummer. By now a frequent visitor to New York City, Belew had also become friends with the up-and-coming new wave/art-rock band Talking Heads. Invited to join the band onstage for performances of their signature song \"Psycho Killer,\" Belew impressed them with his wild and unorthodox guitar soloing and became an occasional guest performer at live concerts. Around this time, Belew also met King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp at a Steve Reich concert. In July of that year, GaGa was invited to open several New York-area concerts for Fripp's band, the League of Gentlemen. At the same time, Belew had been tapped by Talking Heads and their producer Brian Eno (with whom he'd worked on \"Lodger\") to add guitar solos to several tracks on the \"Remain in Light\" album, and was subsequently added to the expanded nine-piece Talking Heads live band for tours in late 1980 and early 1981. These concerts were documented in the DVD \"Live in Roma\" and in the second half of the band's 1982 live album, \"The Name of This Band is Talking Heads\". Belew's involvement with Talking Heads extended to playing on the band's spin-off projects. He played on keyboard player/guitarist Jerry Harrison's debut album, \"The Red and the Black\", and on several tracks on David Byrne's soundtrack to the Twyla Tharp dance piece, \"The Catherine Wheel\" (with his guitar noises credited, amongst other things, as \"beasts\"). At the time, the internal relationships in Talking Heads were particularly strained.", "Talking Heads Africa Talking Heads (Africa) was introduced in Cape Town in 2008 as part of the Infecting the City public art festival. Talking Heads has four core components that form the project. These include: developing a platform for conversation and exchange with and between experts; creating a network of African thought leaders; shooting mini-documentaries that define these leaders and their contributions; developing the tools to make this model work in cities all over the African continent. Educating the African continent or reshaping perspectives of who and what Africa is and is capable of is no small undertaking nor their ambition. Talking Heads is designed to identify, showcase, network and expose Africa\u2019s \u201cThought Leaders\u201d as a way of both developing and depicting ideas as well as opening a window into an alternative reality outside the commonly held notions of continental collapse. This is a reality that showcases what is extraordinary about the people in Africa, their visions and current manifestations that are solving problems and making a meaningful and affirmative contribution to their communities, cities, countries, continent and the world. Their approach does however provide a model that can be replicated anywhere in Africa and with scale it can offer an alternative narrative of who and what we know about this place. This model is \u2013 Talking Heads. The Talking Heads live events use the art of conversation as a potent way to exchange knowledge about the world and the people. People share, debate and adapt thoughts through the conversation. Its manifestation was designed to create a platform of social interaction. In practice Talking Heads constructs as a public event where ticket holders have an intimate 20 minute conversation with four different experts. There are two or three audience members and one expert per table. Each event contains 40 to 50 experts. These experts range from cosmologists to economic forecasters, futurists, sex worker activists, nuclear physicists, etc. Talking Heads live creates mini-documentaries with participants from the Talking Heads live events."], "answer": {"text": "Similar in genre, True Stories hatched one of the group's most successful hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and the accordion-driven track \"Radio Head\",", "answer_start": 1208}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their successful albums?", "answer": {"text": "1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\".", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the problems that led to their breakup?", "answer": {"text": "During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\".", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform together after the hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other conflicts that led to the breakup?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#6", "question": "What other albums and songs did they release during this time period?", "rewrite": "Other than \"Burning Down the House\", \"Naked\", \"Sax and Violins\", \"Wild Wild Life\", and \"Radio Head\", what other albums and songs did The Talking Heads release from 1981-1991?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After releasing four albums in barely four years, the group went into hiatus, and nearly three years passed before their next release, although Frantz and Weymouth continued to record with the Tom Tom Club. In the meantime, Talking Heads released a live album The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads, toured the United States and Europe as an eight-piece group, and parted ways with Eno, who went on to produce albums with U2. 1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\". Once again, a striking video was inescapable owing to its heavy rotation on MTV. The following tour was documented in Jonathan Demme's Stop Making Sense, which generated another live album of the same name. The tour in support of Speaking in Tongues was their last. Three more albums followed: 1985's Little Creatures (which featured the hit singles \"And She Was\" and \"Road to Nowhere\"), 1986's True Stories (Talking Heads covering all the soundtrack songs of Byrne's musical comedy film, in which the band also appeared), and 1988's Naked. Little Creatures offered a much more American pop-rock sound as opposed to previous efforts. Similar in genre, True Stories hatched one of the group's most successful hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and the accordion-driven track \"Radio Head\", which became the etymon of the band of the same name. Naked explored politics, sex, and death, and showed heavy African influence with polyrhythmic styles like those seen on Remain in Light. During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\". It took until December 1991 for an official announcement to be made that Talking Heads had broken up.", "True Stories (Talking Heads album) True Stories is the seventh studio album by American rock band Talking Heads. It was released on September 15, 1986, by Sire Records, around the same time as lead singer David Byrne's film of the same name. The album does not contain the actors' performances from the film. Instead, this is a Talking Heads studio album featuring recordings of songs from the film. While an intended original cast recording from the film was not released at the time, several of the film performances did appear on single releases of several songs from the album. Later that year, Byrne released the album \"Sounds from True Stories\" containing incidental music from the soundtrack. In 2018, a complete film soundtrack album was finally released, combining tracks from the two released albums (though only the three performances by Talking Heads from the first \"True Stories\" album that were actually heard in the film were included) and the cast performances heard in the film. The single \"Wild Wild Life\" became the big hit from the album, accompanied by its video airplay on MTV. The \"Wild Wild Life\" video won two MTV Video Music Awards in 1987: \"Best Group Video\", beating U2 and Crowded House, and \"Best Video from a Film\". (The video is in fact an extended sequence lifted directly from the film itself). A video for \"Love for Sale\" was created for use in the film (during a sequence when a woman, played by Swoosie Kurtz, watches the video on TV), and an extended version was later released as a video in its own right.", "The St. Thomas Aquinas School Choir's version of \"Hey Now\" was released on the 1987 Talking Heads UK CD single, \"Radio Head\"; the Pops Staples version of \"Papa Legba\" and Tito Larriva's version of \"Radio Head\" appear as extra tracks on the 2006 Rhino reissue of \"True Stories\"; and John Goodman's version of \"People Like Us\" was initially released as the B-side to the single for \"Wild Wild Life\" and later was released on the 2006 digital compilation \"Bonus Rarities and Outtakes\", but the rest of the songs whose versions differ between the movie and album (John Ingle's \"Puzzling Evidence\" and Annie McEnroe's \"Dream Operator\") were not officially available. \" Cocktail Desperado\", recorded by Terry Allen and the Panhandle Mystery Band and featured in the film, is included on the \"Sounds from True Stories\" LP. The music video version of \"Wild Wild Life\" that debuted on MTV is largely a scene taken from the film, in which many of the film's characters (including John Goodman) lip-synch to the music in a night club; the video version is more risque and features more pop music references/parodies than seen in the film; the Prince and Billy Idol parodies remain in the film version. Similarly, the video for \"Love for Sale\" is the same as that seen in the film (in which Kurtz's character is shown watching it on TV) except the video version has additional footage of Talking Heads, more references to recognizable TV commercials of the day, and no intercuts to any of the film characters.", "In 2006, the album was re-released and remastered by Warner Music Group on their Warner Bros./Sire Records/Rhino Records labels in DualDisc format, with three bonus tracks on the CD side (an extended mix of \"Wild Wild Life\", \"Papa Legba\" with vocal by Pops Staples, and \"Radio Head\" with vocals by Tito Larriva). The DVD-Audio side includes both stereo and 5.1 surround high resolution (96 kHz/24bit) mixes, as well as a Dolby Digital version and the videos of \"Wild Wild Life\" and \"Love for Sale\". In Europe, it was released as a CD+DVDA two disc set rather than a single DualDisc. The reissue was produced by Andy Zax with Talking Heads. All songs written and composed by David Byrne. Tracks 11 and 12 appear on the 2006 CD issue only. Of the 9 tracks on the original LP release, \"Love for Sale\", \"Wild Wild Life\" and \"City of Dreams\" are the only recordings that actually appear in the film. On screen, the other songs are performed by the film actors; two of those are included among the bonus tracks of the 2006 reissue. The performance of \"Papa Legba\" by Pops Staples that was included in 2006 reissue runs a full minute longer than the track included in the \"complete soundtrack\" version of 2018. The band Radiohead named themselves after Track 6, of the same name.", "After \"Remain in Light\", the band went on a three-year hiatus and worked on solo projects. During their hiatus, the live album \"The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads\" (1982), was released; it features live recordings of songs from their four albums to date, as well as the previously unreleased song \"A Clean Break\". In 1983, the band parted ways with Eno and released their fifth album, \"Speaking in Tongues\" (1983). The album continued the rhythmic innovation of \"Remain in Light\", but in a more stripped-down, rigid pop song structure. The album also contained the band's first and only top ten hit, \"Burning Down the House\". The band's sixth album, \"Little Creatures\" (1985), marked a major musical departure from their previous albums \u2013 its songs being straightforward pop songs mostly written by Byrne alone. After \"Little Creatures\", the band released \"True Stories\" (1986), an album containing songs from Bryne's film of the same name. Notable songs from the album include one of the group's biggest hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and \"Radio Head\", a song from which the English rock band of the same name took their name. Two years later, Talking Heads released their final album, \"Naked\". The album marked a return to the experimentation and styles of their Eno albums, most notably \"Remain in Light\". After \"Naked\", the band went on a hiatus; formally announcing their breakup three years later in 1991. Their final release was the song \"Sax and Violins\", released on the \"Until the End of the World\" soundtrack that same year. Since their breakup, 12 previously unreleased songs have been officially released."], "answer": {"text": "1985's Little Creatures (which featured the hit singles \"And She Was\" and \"Road to Nowhere\"),", "answer_start": 868}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their successful albums?", "answer": {"text": "1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\".", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the problems that led to their breakup?", "answer": {"text": "During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\".", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform together after the hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other conflicts that led to the breakup?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What sort of acclaim did they receive during their success?", "answer": {"text": "Similar in genre, True Stories hatched one of the group's most successful hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and the accordion-driven track \"Radio Head\",", "answer_start": 1208, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b52cde93fb88454895e6e7156315d09e_1_q#7", "question": "Are there more?", "rewrite": "Other than \"Burning Down the House\", \"Naked\", \"Sax and Violins\", \"Wild Wild Life\",\"Radio Head\", and \"True Stories\", are there any more songs or albums from The Talking Heads from 1981-1991?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["True Stories (Talking Heads album) True Stories is the seventh studio album by American rock band Talking Heads. It was released on September 15, 1986, by Sire Records, around the same time as lead singer David Byrne's film of the same name. The album does not contain the actors' performances from the film. Instead, this is a Talking Heads studio album featuring recordings of songs from the film. While an intended original cast recording from the film was not released at the time, several of the film performances did appear on single releases of several songs from the album. Later that year, Byrne released the album \"Sounds from True Stories\" containing incidental music from the soundtrack. In 2018, a complete film soundtrack album was finally released, combining tracks from the two released albums (though only the three performances by Talking Heads from the first \"True Stories\" album that were actually heard in the film were included) and the cast performances heard in the film. The single \"Wild Wild Life\" became the big hit from the album, accompanied by its video airplay on MTV. The \"Wild Wild Life\" video won two MTV Video Music Awards in 1987: \"Best Group Video\", beating U2 and Crowded House, and \"Best Video from a Film\". (The video is in fact an extended sequence lifted directly from the film itself). A video for \"Love for Sale\" was created for use in the film (during a sequence when a woman, played by Swoosie Kurtz, watches the video on TV), and an extended version was later released as a video in its own right.", "The St. Thomas Aquinas School Choir's version of \"Hey Now\" was released on the 1987 Talking Heads UK CD single, \"Radio Head\"; the Pops Staples version of \"Papa Legba\" and Tito Larriva's version of \"Radio Head\" appear as extra tracks on the 2006 Rhino reissue of \"True Stories\"; and John Goodman's version of \"People Like Us\" was initially released as the B-side to the single for \"Wild Wild Life\" and later was released on the 2006 digital compilation \"Bonus Rarities and Outtakes\", but the rest of the songs whose versions differ between the movie and album (John Ingle's \"Puzzling Evidence\" and Annie McEnroe's \"Dream Operator\") were not officially available. \" Cocktail Desperado\", recorded by Terry Allen and the Panhandle Mystery Band and featured in the film, is included on the \"Sounds from True Stories\" LP. The music video version of \"Wild Wild Life\" that debuted on MTV is largely a scene taken from the film, in which many of the film's characters (including John Goodman) lip-synch to the music in a night club; the video version is more risque and features more pop music references/parodies than seen in the film; the Prince and Billy Idol parodies remain in the film version. Similarly, the video for \"Love for Sale\" is the same as that seen in the film (in which Kurtz's character is shown watching it on TV) except the video version has additional footage of Talking Heads, more references to recognizable TV commercials of the day, and no intercuts to any of the film characters.", "After \"Remain in Light\", the band went on a three-year hiatus and worked on solo projects. During their hiatus, the live album \"The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads\" (1982), was released; it features live recordings of songs from their four albums to date, as well as the previously unreleased song \"A Clean Break\". In 1983, the band parted ways with Eno and released their fifth album, \"Speaking in Tongues\" (1983). The album continued the rhythmic innovation of \"Remain in Light\", but in a more stripped-down, rigid pop song structure. The album also contained the band's first and only top ten hit, \"Burning Down the House\". The band's sixth album, \"Little Creatures\" (1985), marked a major musical departure from their previous albums \u2013 its songs being straightforward pop songs mostly written by Byrne alone. After \"Little Creatures\", the band released \"True Stories\" (1986), an album containing songs from Bryne's film of the same name. Notable songs from the album include one of the group's biggest hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and \"Radio Head\", a song from which the English rock band of the same name took their name. Two years later, Talking Heads released their final album, \"Naked\". The album marked a return to the experimentation and styles of their Eno albums, most notably \"Remain in Light\". After \"Naked\", the band went on a hiatus; formally announcing their breakup three years later in 1991. Their final release was the song \"Sax and Violins\", released on the \"Until the End of the World\" soundtrack that same year. Since their breakup, 12 previously unreleased songs have been officially released.", "In 2006, the album was re-released and remastered by Warner Music Group on their Warner Bros./Sire Records/Rhino Records labels in DualDisc format, with three bonus tracks on the CD side (an extended mix of \"Wild Wild Life\", \"Papa Legba\" with vocal by Pops Staples, and \"Radio Head\" with vocals by Tito Larriva). The DVD-Audio side includes both stereo and 5.1 surround high resolution (96 kHz/24bit) mixes, as well as a Dolby Digital version and the videos of \"Wild Wild Life\" and \"Love for Sale\". In Europe, it was released as a CD+DVDA two disc set rather than a single DualDisc. The reissue was produced by Andy Zax with Talking Heads. All songs written and composed by David Byrne. Tracks 11 and 12 appear on the 2006 CD issue only. Of the 9 tracks on the original LP release, \"Love for Sale\", \"Wild Wild Life\" and \"City of Dreams\" are the only recordings that actually appear in the film. On screen, the other songs are performed by the film actors; two of those are included among the bonus tracks of the 2006 reissue. The performance of \"Papa Legba\" by Pops Staples that was included in 2006 reissue runs a full minute longer than the track included in the \"complete soundtrack\" version of 2018. The band Radiohead named themselves after Track 6, of the same name.", "After releasing four albums in barely four years, the group went into hiatus, and nearly three years passed before their next release, although Frantz and Weymouth continued to record with the Tom Tom Club. In the meantime, Talking Heads released a live album The Name of This Band Is Talking Heads, toured the United States and Europe as an eight-piece group, and parted ways with Eno, who went on to produce albums with U2. 1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\". Once again, a striking video was inescapable owing to its heavy rotation on MTV. The following tour was documented in Jonathan Demme's Stop Making Sense, which generated another live album of the same name. The tour in support of Speaking in Tongues was their last. Three more albums followed: 1985's Little Creatures (which featured the hit singles \"And She Was\" and \"Road to Nowhere\"), 1986's True Stories (Talking Heads covering all the soundtrack songs of Byrne's musical comedy film, in which the band also appeared), and 1988's Naked. Little Creatures offered a much more American pop-rock sound as opposed to previous efforts. Similar in genre, True Stories hatched one of the group's most successful hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and the accordion-driven track \"Radio Head\", which became the etymon of the band of the same name. Naked explored politics, sex, and death, and showed heavy African influence with polyrhythmic styles like those seen on Remain in Light. During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\". It took until December 1991 for an official announcement to be made that Talking Heads had broken up."], "answer": {"text": "1986's True Stories (Talking Heads covering all the soundtrack songs of Byrne's musical comedy film, in which the band also appeared), and 1988's Naked.", "answer_start": 962}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Did the Talking Heads win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their successful albums?", "answer": {"text": "1983 saw the release of Speaking in Tongues, a commercial breakthrough that produced the band's only American Top 10 hit, \"Burning Down the House\".", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the problems that led to their breakup?", "answer": {"text": "During that time, the group was falling increasingly under David Byrne's control and, after Naked, the band went on \"hiatus\".", "answer_start": 1542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform together after the hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other conflicts that led to the breakup?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What sort of acclaim did they receive during their success?", "answer": {"text": "Similar in genre, True Stories hatched one of the group's most successful hits, \"Wild Wild Life\", and the accordion-driven track \"Radio Head\",", "answer_start": 1208, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other albums and songs did they release during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "1985's Little Creatures (which featured the hit singles \"And She Was\" and \"Road to Nowhere\"),", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#0", "question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "rewrite": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 2009 Guerrilla Zoo celebrated the work of iconic figure of the arts Alejandro Jodorowsky in a season presenting his work through theatre, film and music at venues in London. Events such as: The premi\u00e8re of Alejandro Jodorowsky and his wife Pascale Montandon collaborative visual art at The Horse Hospital, also Brontis Jodorowsky starred in the solo production \"The Gorilla\" based on Franz Kafka's \"Report to an Academy\" at Leicester Square Theatre, and the first Modern Panic exhibition was held at The Old Abbatoir, plus many other Jodorowsky-related events. The Modern Panic series is inspired by Alejandro Jodorowsky's Panic Movement and launched in 2009 originally as part of Season of Jodorowsky. The now annual exhibition features provocative and controversial international artists and live art's practitioners. It has established \"a reputation for introducing new and edgy art\" and been cited as \"livening up modern art.\" In September 2010 Guerrilla Zoo launched a yearly themed and costumed ball which explores the darker side of fantasy. The Goblin King's Masquerade Ball features promenade theatre, interactive creatures, puppetry, art installations & site-specific immersive games alongside live music, performance and occasionally market traders. In part inspired by the British conceptual designer and artist Brian Froud and the trend of Renaissance events in USA. The event attracts large audiences from around UK and across Europe and has been featured on Arte TV. In May 2013 the Make Believe Festival was launched, a festival designed to explore the world of immersive experiential story-telling alongside traditional festival staples of live music and performance.", "Endless Poetry  Endless Poetry () is a 2016 French-Chilean drama film directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky. It is a sequel and the second part of Jodorowsky's film autobiography, which began with \"The Dance of Reality\" (2013), which focused on Jodorowsky's childhood in Tocopilla (northern Chile). \"Endless Poetry\" narrates instead the adolescence and youth of Jodorowsky in the bohemian Matucana neighborhood of Santiago, in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. Alejandro Jodorowsky, now living in Santiago, Chile and working at his father's store, rejects the pressuring of his Jewish family to enter medical school and instead pursues a career as a poet. Through his creation of puppets he makes contact with a man who gives him a studio as his first residence. In this new life he encounters artists, poets and performers both notable and amateur, among them Nicanor Parra, whom he insults during a misunderstanding about Stella D\u00edaz Var\u00edn, the woman who inspired his poem \"The Viper\". His best friend and fellow poet Enrique Lihn has a fight with his girlfriend, whom Alejandro saves from committing suicide. They have sex and she becomes pregnant. An elderly man who used to work in a circus with Alejandro's father Jaime encourages Alejandro to return to the circus, which he does as a means to laugh away his troubles. Enrique and Alejandro later reconcile. Alejandro's parents notify him that their home has burned down along with all of his writings and childhood possessions. He visits his home to say goodbye to his childhood and contemplate what he wishes to be. He visits Parra, who is teaching mathematics at an engineering school, to ask him for fatherly advice about his future.", "Jodorowsky's Dune  Jodorowsky's Dune is a 2013 American-French documentary film directed by Frank Pavich. The film explores cult film director Alejandro Jodorowsky's unsuccessful attempt to adapt and film Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel \"Dune\" in the mid-1970s. In 1971, the production company Apjac International (APJ) headed by film producer Arthur P. Jacobs optioned the rights to film \"Dune\". However, Jacobs died in 1973 before a film could be developed. In December 1974, a French consortium led by Jean-Paul Gibon purchased the film rights from APJ, with director Alejandro Jodorowsky set to direct. Along with French producer Michel Seydoux, Jodorowsky proceeded to approach, among others, Virgin Records with the prog rock groups Tangerine Dream, Gong and Mike Oldfield before settling on Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music; artists H. R. Giger, Chris Foss and Jean Giraud for set and character design; Dan O'Bannon for special effects; and Salvador Dal\u00ed, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, Mick Jagger, Udo Kier, Amanda Lear and others for the cast. Jodorowsky intended his son Brontis, 12 years old at the start of pre-production, to star as Paul Atreides. Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour film (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship.", "The Dance of Reality The Dance of Reality () is a 2013 Chilean-French semi-autobiographical musical fantasy drama film written, produced, and directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky, starring Brontis Jodorowsky, Pamela Flores, and Jeremias Herskovits. It is Alejandro Jodorowsky's first film in 23 years. The film screened at Directors' Fortnight during the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The film is based on an earlier work by Jodorowsky first published in Spanish under the title \"La danza de la realidad: Psicomagia y psicochamanismo\" (2001). Young Alejandro (Jerem\u00edas Herskovits) lives with his Jewish-Ukrainian parents Jaime (Brontis Jodorowsky) and Sara (Pamela Flores) in Tocopilla, Chile. Jaime is a communist who worships Stalin and raises his son with great severity. Sara sings rather than talks throughout the film, and believes Alejandro to be the reincarnation of her father because of his long blonde hair. Irritated by his wife's delusional views of their son and angered by Alejandro's behavior, which he views as cowardly and effeminate, Jaime cuts off Alejandro's hair (which is depicted as wig in what appears to be magic realism), demands he repudiate the existence of God, and puts him through tests of self-control and bravery which include withstanding being tickled, slapped, and finally undergoing a dental operation without anesthetic. Satisfied with his son's bravery, Jaime acknowledges that he respects Alejandro and arranges for him to be made the mascot of the Tocopilla fire brigade. Alejandro accompanies the fire brigade to the scene of a fire where one of the firemen becomes trapped in the house and burns to death.", "Notably, Fando y Lis and La cravate were digitally restored extensively and remastered in London during late 2006, thus providing the perfect complement to the quality restoration work undertaken on El Topo and The Holy Mountain in the States by Abkco, and ensuring that the presentation of Fando y Lis is a significant improvement over the 2001 Fantoma DVD edition. Prior to the availability of these legitimate releases, only inferior quality, optically censored, bootleg copies of both El Topo and The Holy Mountain have been circulated on the Internet and on DVD. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Jodorowsky attempted to make a sequel to El Topo, called at different times The Sons of El Topo and Abel Cain, but could not find investors for the project. In an interview with Premiere Magazine, Jodorowsky said he intended his next project to be a gangster film called King Shot. In an interview with The Guardian newspaper in November 2009, however, Jodorowsky revealed that he was unable to find the funds to make King Shot, and instead would be entering preparations on Sons of El Topo, for which he claimed to have signed a contract with \"some Russian producers\". In 2010, the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City staged the first American cinema retrospective of Alejandro Jodorowsky entitled Blood into Gold: The Cinematic Alchemy of Alejandro Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky would attend the retrospective and hold a master class on art as a way of transformation. This retrospective would inspire the museum MOMA PS1 to present the exhibition Alejandro Jodorowsky: The Holy Mountain in 2011."], "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#1", "question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "rewrite": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Notably, Fando y Lis and La cravate were digitally restored extensively and remastered in London during late 2006, thus providing the perfect complement to the quality restoration work undertaken on El Topo and The Holy Mountain in the States by Abkco, and ensuring that the presentation of Fando y Lis is a significant improvement over the 2001 Fantoma DVD edition. Prior to the availability of these legitimate releases, only inferior quality, optically censored, bootleg copies of both El Topo and The Holy Mountain have been circulated on the Internet and on DVD. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Jodorowsky attempted to make a sequel to El Topo, called at different times The Sons of El Topo and Abel Cain, but could not find investors for the project. In an interview with Premiere Magazine, Jodorowsky said he intended his next project to be a gangster film called King Shot. In an interview with The Guardian newspaper in November 2009, however, Jodorowsky revealed that he was unable to find the funds to make King Shot, and instead would be entering preparations on Sons of El Topo, for which he claimed to have signed a contract with \"some Russian producers\". In 2010, the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City staged the first American cinema retrospective of Alejandro Jodorowsky entitled Blood into Gold: The Cinematic Alchemy of Alejandro Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky would attend the retrospective and hold a master class on art as a way of transformation. This retrospective would inspire the museum MOMA PS1 to present the exhibition Alejandro Jodorowsky: The Holy Mountain in 2011.", "Other critics, however, remain more enthusiastic about the film. For example, Roger Ebert includes \"El Topo\" in his Great Movies series. Peter Schjeldahl, writing for \"The New York Times\", described the film as \"a very strange masterpiece\". He says, \"On first blush it might seem no more than a violent surreal fantasy, a work of fabulous but probably deranged imagination. Surreal and crazy it may be, but it is also (one realizes the second time through) as fully considered and ordered as fine clockwork.\" Noteworthy figures said to be fans of the film include directors David Lynch, Nicolas Winding Refn and Samuel Fuller; video game writer and director Suda51; actors Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper; comedians The Mighty Boosh and Patton Oswalt; and performers Bob Dylan, Roger Waters, Marilyn Manson, Jarvis Cocker, Peter Gabriel, George Harrison, Lucia Lee, and John Lennon. Gabriel has claimed that this movie was an inspiration for the classic Genesis concept album, \"The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway\", while collaborator Jared Eckman described the film as a failed experiment. John Barham re-recorded the score for release on Apple Records at the request of John Lennon. Suda51 cited \"El Topo\" as a key inspiration for his game \"No More Heroes\". Gore Verbinski cited it as an influence on \"Rango\". There was no original intention to show \"El Topo\" in Mexico, where it was filmed and produced. Ben Barenholtz, an owner of the Elgin Theater in New York, saw a private screening of \"El Topo\" at the Museum of Modern Art. Barenholtz recalled that despite several audience members walking out, he was fascinated by \"El Topo\".", "Then she told me that she had been raped before. You see, for me the character is frigid until El Topo rapes her. And she has an orgasm. That's why I show a stone phallus in that scene . . . which spouts water. She has an orgasm. She accepts the male sex. And that's what happened to Mara in reality. She really had that problem. Fantastic scene. A very, very strong scene.\" On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \"El Topo\" holds an approval rating of 78%, based on 41 reviews, and an average rating of 7.07/10. It's consensus reads, \"By turns intoxicating and confounding, \"El Topo\" contains the creative multitudes that made writer-director Alejandro Jodorowsky such a singular talent.\" \"El Topo\" was selected as the Mexican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 44th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. The visuals were the main point of contention amongst the film's critics, who debated if the sequences and montage were meaningful or merely exploitative. Concerning the symbolism within the film, Vincent Canby of \"The New York Times\" wrote, \"They're all there, in a movie that is all guts (quite literally) but that has no body to give the guts particular shape or function.\" Canby found the film to be a con. Gene Siskel of the \"Chicago Tribune\" commented on how the visuals were perceived within the framework of drug culture. Siskel's review states, \"Under the influence, \"El Topo\" becomes a violent, would-be erotic freakshow, and that, I suppose, can be very heavy. For others, it is enough to make one yawn.\"", "El Topo El Topo (English: \"The Mole\") is a 1970 Mexican acid Western film written, scored, directed by and starring Alejandro Jodorowsky. Characterized by its bizarre characters and occurrences, use of maimed and dwarf performers, and heavy doses of Christian symbolism and Eastern philosophy, the film is about the eponymous character \u2013 a violent, black-clad gunfighter \u2013 and his quest for enlightenment. El Topo is traveling through a desert on horseback with his naked young son, Hijo. They come across a town whose inhabitants have been slaughtered, and El Topo hunts down and kills the perpetrators and their leader, a fat balding Colonel. El Topo abandons his son to the monks of the settlement's mission and rides off with a woman whom the Colonel had kept as a slave. El Topo names the woman Mara, and she convinces him to defeat four great gun masters to become the greatest gunman in the land. Each gun master represents a particular religion or philosophy, and El Topo learns from each of them before instigating a duel. El Topo is victorious each time, not through superior skill but through trickery or luck. After the first duel, a black-clad woman with a male voice finds the couple and guides them to the remaining gun masters. As he kills each master, El Topo has increasing doubts about his mission, but Mara persuades him to continue. Having killed all four, El Topo is ridden with guilt, destroys his own gun and revisits the places where he killed those masters, finding their graves swarming with bees. The unnamed woman confronts El Topo and shoots him several times in the manner of stigmata. Mara then betrays him and rides off with the woman, while El Topo collapses and is carried away by a group of dwarfs and mutants.", "Abel Cain Abel Cain (formerly known as Sons of El Topo) is a stalled film project written and directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky and the sequel to Jodorowsky's classic acid Western film \"El Topo\". It was to be produced and financed by Parallel Media. In a 2010 interview, Jodorowsky said that the film had \"dragged a long time\" and suggested that Abel Cain will not feature any \"stars\", adding that he would cast his son Axel Jodorowsky in the lead role just as he did in his 1989 cult classic film \"Santa Sangre\". It was expected to be released sometime between late 2011 to 2012, but appears to be shelved so that he may shoot his biopic, \"The Dance of Reality\" first. In a November 29 interview, Jodorowsky announced that he had found financing for the film and would begin shooting the project in September in Mexico after he is finished with \"The Dance of Reality\". During an interview at the Cannes Film Festival in 2016, Jodorowsky announced his plans to finally make \"The Son of El Topo\" as soon as financial backing is obtained. Also in 2016 the sequel to \"El Topo\" was released in comic book form as \"Sons of El Topo\" (the original title for the project), in a miniseries written by Jodorowsky and illustrated by Jos\u00e9 Ladr\u00f6nn. After a nuclear apocalypse, the whole landscape is a desert ruin, except for a small island paradise where El Topo is buried. Though visible and seemingly accessible, every attempt to enter this island has resulted in disaster. El Topo's sons, Cain and Abel, were separated as boys because El Topo predicted that Cain would kill Abel."], "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#2", "question": "how was that received by others?", "rewrite": "how was the rape scene in El Topo received by others?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Abel Cain Abel Cain (formerly known as Sons of El Topo) is a stalled film project written and directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky and the sequel to Jodorowsky's classic acid Western film \"El Topo\". It was to be produced and financed by Parallel Media. In a 2010 interview, Jodorowsky said that the film had \"dragged a long time\" and suggested that Abel Cain will not feature any \"stars\", adding that he would cast his son Axel Jodorowsky in the lead role just as he did in his 1989 cult classic film \"Santa Sangre\". It was expected to be released sometime between late 2011 to 2012, but appears to be shelved so that he may shoot his biopic, \"The Dance of Reality\" first. In a November 29 interview, Jodorowsky announced that he had found financing for the film and would begin shooting the project in September in Mexico after he is finished with \"The Dance of Reality\". During an interview at the Cannes Film Festival in 2016, Jodorowsky announced his plans to finally make \"The Son of El Topo\" as soon as financial backing is obtained. Also in 2016 the sequel to \"El Topo\" was released in comic book form as \"Sons of El Topo\" (the original title for the project), in a miniseries written by Jodorowsky and illustrated by Jos\u00e9 Ladr\u00f6nn. After a nuclear apocalypse, the whole landscape is a desert ruin, except for a small island paradise where El Topo is buried. Though visible and seemingly accessible, every attempt to enter this island has resulted in disaster. El Topo's sons, Cain and Abel, were separated as boys because El Topo predicted that Cain would kill Abel.", "Then she told me that she had been raped before. You see, for me the character is frigid until El Topo rapes her. And she has an orgasm. That's why I show a stone phallus in that scene . . . which spouts water. She has an orgasm. She accepts the male sex. And that's what happened to Mara in reality. She really had that problem. Fantastic scene. A very, very strong scene.\" On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, \"El Topo\" holds an approval rating of 78%, based on 41 reviews, and an average rating of 7.07/10. It's consensus reads, \"By turns intoxicating and confounding, \"El Topo\" contains the creative multitudes that made writer-director Alejandro Jodorowsky such a singular talent.\" \"El Topo\" was selected as the Mexican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 44th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. The visuals were the main point of contention amongst the film's critics, who debated if the sequences and montage were meaningful or merely exploitative. Concerning the symbolism within the film, Vincent Canby of \"The New York Times\" wrote, \"They're all there, in a movie that is all guts (quite literally) but that has no body to give the guts particular shape or function.\" Canby found the film to be a con. Gene Siskel of the \"Chicago Tribune\" commented on how the visuals were perceived within the framework of drug culture. Siskel's review states, \"Under the influence, \"El Topo\" becomes a violent, would-be erotic freakshow, and that, I suppose, can be very heavy. For others, it is enough to make one yawn.\"", "The outcasts come streaming out, but as they enter the town, they are shot down by the cultists. El Topo helplessly witnesses the community being slaughtered and is shot himself. Ignoring his own wounds, he massacres the cultists, then takes an oil lamp and immolates himself. His lover gives birth at the same time as his death, and she and his son make a grave for his remains. This becomes a beehive like the gun masters' graves. El Topo's son rides off with his father's lover and child on horseback. In regard to the filming of the rape scene, Jodorowsky said,  When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her. There was no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director. We had never talked to each other. I knew nothing about her. We went to the desert with two other people: the photographer and a technician. No one else. I said, 'I'm not going to rehearse. There will be only one take because it will be impossible to repeat. Roll the cameras only when I signal you to.' Then I told her, 'Pain does not hurt. Hit me.' And she hit me. I said, 'Harder.' And she started to hit me very hard, hard enough to break a rib... I ached for a week. After she had hit me long enough and hard enough to tire her, I said, 'Now it's my turn. Roll the cameras.' And I really... I really... I really raped her. And she screamed.\" He went on to state, \"", "El Topo El Topo (English: \"The Mole\") is a 1970 Mexican acid Western film written, scored, directed by and starring Alejandro Jodorowsky. Characterized by its bizarre characters and occurrences, use of maimed and dwarf performers, and heavy doses of Christian symbolism and Eastern philosophy, the film is about the eponymous character \u2013 a violent, black-clad gunfighter \u2013 and his quest for enlightenment. El Topo is traveling through a desert on horseback with his naked young son, Hijo. They come across a town whose inhabitants have been slaughtered, and El Topo hunts down and kills the perpetrators and their leader, a fat balding Colonel. El Topo abandons his son to the monks of the settlement's mission and rides off with a woman whom the Colonel had kept as a slave. El Topo names the woman Mara, and she convinces him to defeat four great gun masters to become the greatest gunman in the land. Each gun master represents a particular religion or philosophy, and El Topo learns from each of them before instigating a duel. El Topo is victorious each time, not through superior skill but through trickery or luck. After the first duel, a black-clad woman with a male voice finds the couple and guides them to the remaining gun masters. As he kills each master, El Topo has increasing doubts about his mission, but Mara persuades him to continue. Having killed all four, El Topo is ridden with guilt, destroys his own gun and revisits the places where he killed those masters, finding their graves swarming with bees. The unnamed woman confronts El Topo and shoots him several times in the manner of stigmata. Mara then betrays him and rides off with the woman, while El Topo collapses and is carried away by a group of dwarfs and mutants.", "El Topo awakens in a cave to find that the tribe of deformed outcasts have taken care of him and come to regard him as a God-like figure while he has been asleep and meditating on the gun masters' \"four lessons\". The outcasts dwell in a system of caves which have been blocked in \u2014 the only exit is out of their reach due to their deformities. When El Topo awakens, he is \"born again\" and decides to help the outcasts escape. He is able to reach the exit and, together with a dwarf girl who becomes his lover, performs for the depraved cultists of the neighboring town to raise money for dynamite to assist in digging a tunnel on one side of the mountain where the outcasts have effectively been kept imprisoned. Hijo, now a young monk, arrives in the town to be the new priest, but is disgusted by the perverted form of religion the cultists practice \u2013 notably symbolized by the frequent display of a basic line drawing of the Eye of Providence \u2013 and their violent preoccupation with guns, from their church \"ritual\" through to the film's bloody climax. Despite El Topo's great change in appearance, Hijo recognizes him and intends to kill him on the spot, but agrees to wait until he has succeeded in freeing the outcasts. Now wearing his father's black gunfighter clothes, Hijo grows impatient at the time the project is taking, and begins to work alongside El Topo to hasten the moment when he will kill him. At the point when Hijo is ready to give up on finishing the tunnel, El Topo breaks through into the cave. The tunnel has been completed, but Hijo finds that he cannot bring himself to kill his father."], "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#3", "question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "rewrite": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical besides what he said in Screen Anarchy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bemis commented on it on his Twitter, claiming that Say Anything's fans might want to come up with their favorite Two Tongues songs, insinuating that the group will play a few songs on the tour. On 13 July 2011, Max Bemis posted a video on the band's website announcing that the band has officially signed with Equal Vision Records, he also stated that Tim O'Heir, who produced their second record \"...Is a Real Boy\" would be producing Say Anything's fifth studio record. Additionally, Bemis stated Equal Vision had acquired the rights to Say Anything's past releases, as he cited the proposed re-release of \"Baseball\". Bemis announced via an October 6 interview with AltPress.com that the name of the new record was \"Anarchy, My Dear\", and this was later confirmed by Bemis and the rest of the band via Twitter. Anarchy, My Dear was released on March 13, 2012. On April 20, 2012, the music video for the song \"Say Anything\" premiered on mtvU. On November 9, 2012, Equal Vision announced a statement that confirms the release of the long-awaited re-release of the Say Anything record \"Baseball\", the Menora/Mejora EP, the \"Dormroom Demos\", Junior Varsity, and other various rarities in a triple-CD box set that are limited to 5000 physical copies. A citation and more information can be found at Equal Vision's website. On December 28, 2012, it was announced via Say Anything's Facebook page that Coby had left the band on good terms. Max Bemis stated the following in regards to seeking a new drummer", "Screen Anarchy Screen Anarchy, previously known as Twitch Film or Twitch, is a Canadian English-language website featuring news and reviews of mainly international, independent and cult films. The website was founded in 2004 by Todd Brown. In addition to films, the website covers various film festivals from Sundance, Toronto and Fantasia to Sitges, Cannes and the Berlinale. They partnered with Instinctive Film in 2011 to found Interactor, a crowd funding and viral marketing site, and with Indiegogo in 2013. Brown is a partner at XYZ Films, and \"Variety\" credits Twitch Film as helping to popularize the production company's films. Brad Miska of Bloody Disgusting wrote that Twitch \"...quickly established itself as the online world\u2019s leading source for international, independent, cult, arthouse and genre film news, review and discussion.\" He also wrote: \"Over the years I have become increasingly impressed by what Todd Brown has done with Twitch Film, he has cornered the market for all edgy international releases and has given life to foreign films that might never have seen the light here in the States.\" Ain't It Cool News has linked to \"Twitch Film\" pages on multiple occasions and UGO.com quoted a Twitch editor among its list of \"critics\" at its appearance at Sundance 2010. Screen Anarchy has a large body of writers who reside in most major film markets in the world, including the United States, Canada, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Australia and the United Kingdom.", "When you make a picture, you must not respect the novel. It's like you get married, no? You go with the wife, white, the woman is white. You take the woman, if you respect the woman, you will never have child. You need to open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\" As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised. Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure, Alejandro Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo--though he later denied it--but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\" Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art. A man who seems to believe that rape is something that women 'need' if they can't accept male sexual power on their own\". Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades ... though he's elsewhere described the unsimulated sex in that scene as consensual\", and went on to state that the quote \"has not endangered his status as an avant-garde icon\".", "Anarchy, My Dear  Anarchy, My Dear is the fifth studio album by American alternative rock band Say Anything. It was released on March 13, 2012 through Equal Vision Records. It is their last album with drummer Coby Linder, who left the band in December 2012. On July 13, 2011, vocalist Max Bemis announced that Say Anything had been signed to independent label Equal Vision Records. They recorded \"Anarchy, My Dear\" from August 2011 to the end of September 2011 with \"...Is a Real Boy\" producer, Tim O'Heir. Explaining the album's theme, Bemis said,   \"We thought we could best represent what the album means by using the symbolism of a burning flag stitched onto an actual flag. The image represents a championing of the \u2019cause\u2019 of struggling against the rules and regulations that dictate our thinking.\u201d On December 19, 2011 Say Anything streamed their first single from the album called \"Burn a Miracle. \" The track was officially released the following day to digital music retailers. On January 10, 2012 the album's track listing was revealed. On February 4, 2012 the band released the second single from the album entitled \"Say Anything\". The song impacted radio on February 28, 2012. \"Overbiter\" impacted radio on September 11, 2012. \"Anarchy, My Dear\" polarized critics, but received a 66 out of 100 on Metacritic, indicating generally favorable reviews. \" AbsolutePunk\" gave the album an 85%, writing that the record promises \"anything could happen at anytime, and Bemis and company do their very best to shake up what has been expected from them as a band. \"", "The band released its debut full-length album, \"\", in 2001. Despite attending Sarah Lawrence College for a short time, Bemis kept the band alive, performing much if not all of the music that went into \"Menorah/Majora\" and the band's dormroom demos. Say Anything released \"... Is a Real Boy\" in 2004. Bemis performed the vocals, guitar, bass, and keyboard parts for the album. After the album's release, the band went through a rocky period lasting over a year due to Bemis's mental health. The band canceled at least two tours and lost several members. By 2007 however, after going through rehab, Say Anything and Bemis got back on track with co-headlining tours with Saves the Day and Hellogoodbye. In 2007, the band released \"In Defense of the Genre\", on which Bemis sang lead vocals and played guitar and keyboard. Say Anything's self-titled album was released November 3, 2009. On November 5, 2010 at The Starland Ballroom in Sayreville, New Jersey, Bemis announced a forthcoming Say Anything album. The album, called \"Anarchy, My Dear\", was released March 13, 2012, which was followed up with their headlining spring tour. Their first single from that album is \"Burn a Miracle\". They released a music video for this single. On January 22, 2013 Say Anything released a collection of older songs and b-sides called \"\" consisting of all of the material recorded by Say Anything prior to the release of \"...Is a Real Boy\". The band did a summer tour to promote the album. On June 10, 2014 Say Anything released the album \"Hebrews\" through Equal Vision Records. On February 5, 2016 Say Anything released their new album \""], "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#4", "question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "rewrite": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky besides having raped Mara Lorenzo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In regard to the making of El Topo, Jodorowsky stated:  \"When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her. There was no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director. We had never talked to each other. I knew nothing about her. We went to the desert with two other people: the photographer and a technician. No one else. I said, 'I'm not going to rehearse. There will be only one take because it will be impossible to repeat. Roll the cameras only when I signal you to.' Then I told her, 'Pain does not hurt. Hit me.' And she hit me. I said, 'Harder.' And she started to hit me very hard, hard enough to break a rib...I ached for a week. After she had hit me long enough and hard enough to tire her, I said, 'Now it's my turn. Roll the cameras.' And I really...I really...I really raped her. And she screamed ... Then she told me that she had been raped before. You see, for me the character is frigid until El Topo rapes her. And she has an orgasm. That's why I show a stone phallus in that scene ... which spouts water. She has an orgasm. She accepts the male sex. And that's what happened to Mara in reality. She really had that problem. Fantastic scene. A very, very strong scene.\" In the documentary Jodorowsky's Dune, Jodorowsky states:  \"It's different. It was my Dune.", "Frank Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production, and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour movie (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship. Jodorowsky said in 1985 that he found the \"Dune\" story mythical and had intended to recreate it rather than adapt the novel; though he had an \"enthusiastic admiration\" for Herbert, Jodorowsky said he had done everything possible to distance the author and his input from the project. Although Jodorowsky was embittered by the experience, he stated that the \"Dune\" project changed his life. O'Bannon entered a psychiatric hospital after the production failed, and worked on 13 scripts; the last of which became \"Alien\". A 2013 documentary, \"Jodorowsky's Dune\", was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation. In 1976, Dino De Laurentiis acquired the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using \"The Battle of Algiers\" as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science fiction film, \"Blade Runner\" (1982).", "When you make a picture, you must not respect the novel. It's like you get married, no? You go with the wife, white, the woman is white. You take the woman, if you respect the woman, you will never have child. You need to open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\" As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised. Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure, Alejandro Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo--though he later denied it--but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\" Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art. A man who seems to believe that rape is something that women 'need' if they can't accept male sexual power on their own\". Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades ... though he's elsewhere described the unsimulated sex in that scene as consensual\", and went on to state that the quote \"has not endangered his status as an avant-garde icon\".", "Alma Jodorowsky Alma Jodorowsky (born 26 September 1991) is a French actress, fashion model and singer. Jodorowsky is the granddaughter of Alejandro Jodorowsky, movie director and author born to Jewish Ukrainian \u00e9migr\u00e9s in Chile. Her father is actor Brontis Jodorowsky, Alejandro's elder son with Bernadette Landru, her mother is Val\u00e9rie Crouzet and her uncle is the actor and singer Adan Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky received her acting training in Parisian theatres and at the Conservatoire du XIVe. In 2011 she attended a three months workshop at the New York Film Academy and in 2013 graduated at the Studio Theatre D'Asni\u00e8res in France. Jodorowsky works in television and films, as well as in the fashion industry. She is also the lead vocalist and songwriter of \"Burning Peacocks\", a Paris-based pop band. Jodorowsky's first acting job was at age fourteen in a French TV movie called \"Gaspard le Bandit\", set during the Ancien R\u00e9gime. She made her big-screen debut as Estelle in the French and American movie \"Eyes Find Eyes\", then in the French comedy \"Sea, No Sex and Sun\". In 2013 Jodorowsky played a supporting role in Abdellatif Kechiche's romantic drama \" Blue Is the Warmest Colour\", winner of the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Recently she has landed the lead role of Evelyn in 2016 British film \"Kids in Love\", alongside Will Poulter, Sebastian de Souza and supermodel Cara Delevingne. Jodorowsky appeared in fashion magazines like The Coveteur, Vice, Envy magazine, Marie Claire Italy and Emirates Woman.", "Jodorowsky's Dune  Jodorowsky's Dune is a 2013 American-French documentary film directed by Frank Pavich. The film explores cult film director Alejandro Jodorowsky's unsuccessful attempt to adapt and film Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel \"Dune\" in the mid-1970s. In 1971, the production company Apjac International (APJ) headed by film producer Arthur P. Jacobs optioned the rights to film \"Dune\". However, Jacobs died in 1973 before a film could be developed. In December 1974, a French consortium led by Jean-Paul Gibon purchased the film rights from APJ, with director Alejandro Jodorowsky set to direct. Along with French producer Michel Seydoux, Jodorowsky proceeded to approach, among others, Virgin Records with the prog rock groups Tangerine Dream, Gong and Mike Oldfield before settling on Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music; artists H. R. Giger, Chris Foss and Jean Giraud for set and character design; Dan O'Bannon for special effects; and Salvador Dal\u00ed, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, Mick Jagger, Udo Kier, Amanda Lear and others for the cast. Jodorowsky intended his son Brontis, 12 years old at the start of pre-production, to star as Paul Atreides. Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour film (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship."], "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#5", "question": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky?", "rewrite": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky besides Matt Brown?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Adan Jodorowsky Ad\u00e1n Jodorowsky or Adanowsky (born October 1979) is a French-Mexican musician, director and actor. Born in France October 29, 1979. Jodorowsky is the son of the Chilean Alejandro Jodorowsky and Mexican Valerie Trumblay, brother to Brontis Jodorowsky and Axel Jodorowsky and the uncle of Alma Jodorowsky. He has appeared in seven films to this day. As an actor, he won the Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor in 1989 for his role in \"Santa Sangre\" as young F\u00e9nix, one of his father's more renowned films. Jodorowsky started playing piano at the age of six. At age 7, he met James Brown at the backstage at a concert and Brown taught Ad\u00e1n how to dance like him. Jodorowsky's first guitar lessons were given to him by The Beatles guitarist George Harrison. On this occasion, Harrison told him that \"he was far\". Ad\u00e1n did not know if \"he was far\" in an enlightened way or \"far\" from being a good guitarist. When he was sixteen he joined the punk band The Hellboys. Then he wanted to try another music genre and met Yarol Poupaud and Adrienne Pauly. Following these encounters he started playing bass. On October 30, 2006, he released his first solo album, \"\u00c9toile \u00c9ternelle\", as \"Adanowsky\", and his first single, \"L'idole\" (meaning \"the idol\") which was also released in Spanish as \"El \u00cddolo\"; the song is about a waiter who wants all the attention and dreams of becoming famous and an idol. In 2007 he featured as an actor in the Julie Delpy's movie \"2 Days In Paris\".", "Alma Jodorowsky Alma Jodorowsky (born 26 September 1991) is a French actress, fashion model and singer. Jodorowsky is the granddaughter of Alejandro Jodorowsky, movie director and author born to Jewish Ukrainian \u00e9migr\u00e9s in Chile. Her father is actor Brontis Jodorowsky, Alejandro's elder son with Bernadette Landru, her mother is Val\u00e9rie Crouzet and her uncle is the actor and singer Adan Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky received her acting training in Parisian theatres and at the Conservatoire du XIVe. In 2011 she attended a three months workshop at the New York Film Academy and in 2013 graduated at the Studio Theatre D'Asni\u00e8res in France. Jodorowsky works in television and films, as well as in the fashion industry. She is also the lead vocalist and songwriter of \"Burning Peacocks\", a Paris-based pop band. Jodorowsky's first acting job was at age fourteen in a French TV movie called \"Gaspard le Bandit\", set during the Ancien R\u00e9gime. She made her big-screen debut as Estelle in the French and American movie \"Eyes Find Eyes\", then in the French comedy \"Sea, No Sex and Sun\". In 2013 Jodorowsky played a supporting role in Abdellatif Kechiche's romantic drama \" Blue Is the Warmest Colour\", winner of the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Recently she has landed the lead role of Evelyn in 2016 British film \"Kids in Love\", alongside Will Poulter, Sebastian de Souza and supermodel Cara Delevingne. Jodorowsky appeared in fashion magazines like The Coveteur, Vice, Envy magazine, Marie Claire Italy and Emirates Woman.", "Frank Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production, and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour movie (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship. Jodorowsky said in 1985 that he found the \"Dune\" story mythical and had intended to recreate it rather than adapt the novel; though he had an \"enthusiastic admiration\" for Herbert, Jodorowsky said he had done everything possible to distance the author and his input from the project. Although Jodorowsky was embittered by the experience, he stated that the \"Dune\" project changed his life. O'Bannon entered a psychiatric hospital after the production failed, and worked on 13 scripts; the last of which became \"Alien\". A 2013 documentary, \"Jodorowsky's Dune\", was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation. In 1976, Dino De Laurentiis acquired the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using \"The Battle of Algiers\" as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science fiction film, \"Blade Runner\" (1982).", "When you make a picture, you must not respect the novel. It's like you get married, no? You go with the wife, white, the woman is white. You take the woman, if you respect the woman, you will never have child. You need to open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\" As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised. Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure, Alejandro Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo--though he later denied it--but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\" Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art. A man who seems to believe that rape is something that women 'need' if they can't accept male sexual power on their own\". Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades ... though he's elsewhere described the unsimulated sex in that scene as consensual\", and went on to state that the quote \"has not endangered his status as an avant-garde icon\".", "Megaphone (band) Megaphone is an American rock band from Orlando, Florida. They formed in late 2004 when founding member Matt Bloodwell (former drummer of the well known Orlando band Precious) traded his drums for a guitar and recruited local rock musicians from the Orlando music scene. Megaphone is: Paul Smith - Lead guitar, former touring guitarist for Seven Mary Three - Mammoth/Atlantic, and Vonray - Elektra Records. James Woodrich - Bass guitar, formerly of My Hotel Year - Doghouse Records. Scott Smith - Drummer, formerly of Cori Yarckin and newest member of the band joining in March 2007. Megaphone's founding member Matt Bloodwell was originally a drummer for punk rock band named Precious While in Precious, Matt Bloodwell was also writing songs. In October 2003, Matt left Precious to put together a band around the music he had been writing. \"Being someone who everyone knows as a drummer but no one really knows as a song writer, I felt like if I wanted people to take me seriously as a song writer I had to do something really different. OK, so I'll sing and play guitar in Megaphone.\" He then recruited local musicians. \"I knew exactly what I wanted and I had a pretty good idea of who could pull it off. Now it was just a matter of are they going to like the material?\" Guitarist Paul Smith, who has worked with Seven Mary Three, was just coming off the road with Vonray in support of their first Electra release when drummer Matt Brown introduced him to Bloodwells' demos. Matt Brown had been the drummer for 3AE signed to RCA before tragedy ended the band to soon. Matt Brown joined Megaphone and was with the band until March 2007 when he was replaced by former Cori Yarckin drummer Scott Smith. James Woodrich from My Hotel Year joined the band as the bass player."], "answer": {"text": "Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades", "answer_start": 1051}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#6", "question": "Were there other things besides the rape scene that added to criticism against Jodorowsky?", "rewrite": "Were there other things besides the rape scene that added to criticism against Jodorowsky?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rape Scene (disambiguation) \" Rape Scene is \" a 2004 album by Thighpaulsandra. Rape scene is a setting where a rape has taken place, either fictional or real. Rape scene may also refer to:", "In regard to the making of El Topo, Jodorowsky stated:  \"When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her. There was no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director. We had never talked to each other. I knew nothing about her. We went to the desert with two other people: the photographer and a technician. No one else. I said, 'I'm not going to rehearse. There will be only one take because it will be impossible to repeat. Roll the cameras only when I signal you to.' Then I told her, 'Pain does not hurt. Hit me.' And she hit me. I said, 'Harder.' And she started to hit me very hard, hard enough to break a rib...I ached for a week. After she had hit me long enough and hard enough to tire her, I said, 'Now it's my turn. Roll the cameras.' And I really...I really...I really raped her. And she screamed ... Then she told me that she had been raped before. You see, for me the character is frigid until El Topo rapes her. And she has an orgasm. That's why I show a stone phallus in that scene ... which spouts water. She has an orgasm. She accepts the male sex. And that's what happened to Mara in reality. She really had that problem. Fantastic scene. A very, very strong scene.\" In the documentary Jodorowsky's Dune, Jodorowsky states:  \"It's different. It was my Dune.", "The outcasts come streaming out, but as they enter the town, they are shot down by the cultists. El Topo helplessly witnesses the community being slaughtered and is shot himself. Ignoring his own wounds, he massacres the cultists, then takes an oil lamp and immolates himself. His lover gives birth at the same time as his death, and she and his son make a grave for his remains. This becomes a beehive like the gun masters' graves. El Topo's son rides off with his father's lover and child on horseback. In regard to the filming of the rape scene, Jodorowsky said,  When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her. There was no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director. We had never talked to each other. I knew nothing about her. We went to the desert with two other people: the photographer and a technician. No one else. I said, 'I'm not going to rehearse. There will be only one take because it will be impossible to repeat. Roll the cameras only when I signal you to.' Then I told her, 'Pain does not hurt. Hit me.' And she hit me. I said, 'Harder.' And she started to hit me very hard, hard enough to break a rib... I ached for a week. After she had hit me long enough and hard enough to tire her, I said, 'Now it's my turn. Roll the cameras.' And I really... I really... I really raped her. And she screamed.\" He went on to state, \"", "When you make a picture, you must not respect the novel. It's like you get married, no? You go with the wife, white, the woman is white. You take the woman, if you respect the woman, you will never have child. You need to open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\" As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised. Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure, Alejandro Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo--though he later denied it--but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\" Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art. A man who seems to believe that rape is something that women 'need' if they can't accept male sexual power on their own\". Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades ... though he's elsewhere described the unsimulated sex in that scene as consensual\", and went on to state that the quote \"has not endangered his status as an avant-garde icon\".", "Alma Jodorowsky Alma Jodorowsky (born 26 September 1991) is a French actress, fashion model and singer. Jodorowsky is the granddaughter of Alejandro Jodorowsky, movie director and author born to Jewish Ukrainian \u00e9migr\u00e9s in Chile. Her father is actor Brontis Jodorowsky, Alejandro's elder son with Bernadette Landru, her mother is Val\u00e9rie Crouzet and her uncle is the actor and singer Adan Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky received her acting training in Parisian theatres and at the Conservatoire du XIVe. In 2011 she attended a three months workshop at the New York Film Academy and in 2013 graduated at the Studio Theatre D'Asni\u00e8res in France. Jodorowsky works in television and films, as well as in the fashion industry. She is also the lead vocalist and songwriter of \"Burning Peacocks\", a Paris-based pop band. Jodorowsky's first acting job was at age fourteen in a French TV movie called \"Gaspard le Bandit\", set during the Ancien R\u00e9gime. She made her big-screen debut as Estelle in the French and American movie \"Eyes Find Eyes\", then in the French comedy \"Sea, No Sex and Sun\". In 2013 Jodorowsky played a supporting role in Abdellatif Kechiche's romantic drama \" Blue Is the Warmest Colour\", winner of the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Recently she has landed the lead role of Evelyn in 2016 British film \"Kids in Love\", alongside Will Poulter, Sebastian de Souza and supermodel Cara Delevingne. Jodorowsky appeared in fashion magazines like The Coveteur, Vice, Envy magazine, Marie Claire Italy and Emirates Woman."], "answer": {"text": "no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director.", "answer_start": 176}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#7", "question": "Is there anything that's interesting about Jodorowsky that hasn't been discussed yet?", "rewrite": "Is there anything that's interesting about Jodorowsky that hasn't been discussed yet?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1982 Jodorowsky divorced his wife. In 1989, Jodorowsky completed the Mexican-Italian production Santa Sangre (Holy Blood). The film received limited theatrical distribution, putting Jodorowsky back on the cultural map despite its mixed critical reviews. Santa Sangre was a surrealistic slasher film with a plot like a mix of Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho with Robert Wiene's \"The Hands of Orlac\". It featured a protagonist who, as a child, saw his mother lose both her arms, and as an adult let his own arms act as hers, and so was forced to commit murders at her whim. Several of Jodorowsky's sons were recruited as actors. He followed in 1990 with a very different film, The Rainbow Thief. Though it gave Jodorowsky a chance to work with the \"movie stars\" Peter O'Toole and Omar Sharif, the executive producer, Alexander Salkind, effectively curtailed most of Jodorowsky's artistic inclinations, threatening to fire him on the spot if anything in the script was changed (Salkind's wife, Berta Dominguez D., wrote the screenplay). That same year (1990), Jodorowsky and his family returned to live in France. In 1995, Alejandro's son, Teo, died in an accident while his father was busy preparing for a trip to Mexico City to promote his new book. Upon arriving in Mexico City, he gave a lecture at the Julio Castillo Theatre where once again he met Ejo Takata, who at this time had moved into a poor suburb of the city where he had continued to teach meditation and Zen. Takata would die two years later, and Jodorowsky would never get to see his old friend again.", "Alma Jodorowsky Alma Jodorowsky (born 26 September 1991) is a French actress, fashion model and singer. Jodorowsky is the granddaughter of Alejandro Jodorowsky, movie director and author born to Jewish Ukrainian \u00e9migr\u00e9s in Chile. Her father is actor Brontis Jodorowsky, Alejandro's elder son with Bernadette Landru, her mother is Val\u00e9rie Crouzet and her uncle is the actor and singer Adan Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky received her acting training in Parisian theatres and at the Conservatoire du XIVe. In 2011 she attended a three months workshop at the New York Film Academy and in 2013 graduated at the Studio Theatre D'Asni\u00e8res in France. Jodorowsky works in television and films, as well as in the fashion industry. She is also the lead vocalist and songwriter of \"Burning Peacocks\", a Paris-based pop band. Jodorowsky's first acting job was at age fourteen in a French TV movie called \"Gaspard le Bandit\", set during the Ancien R\u00e9gime. She made her big-screen debut as Estelle in the French and American movie \"Eyes Find Eyes\", then in the French comedy \"Sea, No Sex and Sun\". In 2013 Jodorowsky played a supporting role in Abdellatif Kechiche's romantic drama \" Blue Is the Warmest Colour\", winner of the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Recently she has landed the lead role of Evelyn in 2016 British film \"Kids in Love\", alongside Will Poulter, Sebastian de Souza and supermodel Cara Delevingne. Jodorowsky appeared in fashion magazines like The Coveteur, Vice, Envy magazine, Marie Claire Italy and Emirates Woman.", "It has been suggested that the Harlem nightclub entertainer in the novel named Glory is based upon the jazz singer Adelaide Hall who introduced the song \u201cCreole Love Call\u201d in 1927, but this is probably unlikely as Adelaide Hall and Beatrice Lillie are the only contemporary entertainers of the time mentioned in the text. This happens when Hall and Lillie are rumoured to be at the Drag Ball. \"Strange Brother\" has been reprinted a number of times since its initial 1931 Liveright publication in New York, as follows:   \"Strange Brother\" received mixed reviews upon its publication. Reviewers were not offended by the homosexual theme and noted the situations in the novel were portrayed with tolerance and sympathy rather than approval. The novel was praised for being interesting and informative, but did not receive praise for its execution as an engaging novel that comes to life. Henry Gerber, a gay critic wrote in 1934, \"[\"Strange Brother\" is] an ideal anti-homosexual propaganda.\" Ian Young numbers it among a group of early gay novels that is \"cast in the form of a tragic melodrama. \" George-Michel Sarotte notes the sympathetic nature of the book, but also points out that it \"is more of a psychosociological investigation than a novel.\" He goes on to credit Blair Niles for being one of the first authors to portray a continuum of sexuality, and for promoting tolerance and compassion.\" According to editor and author Anthony Slide, \"Strange Brother\" illustrates the \"basic assumption that gay characters in literature must come to a tragic end.\" The book has been praised for its journalistic focus. Ben Duncan's perspective was published in the January 25, 1979 issue of the \"Gay News\" newspaper, \"The book remains and is welcome now, as a monument of good reporting.\"", "Frank Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production, and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour movie (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship. Jodorowsky said in 1985 that he found the \"Dune\" story mythical and had intended to recreate it rather than adapt the novel; though he had an \"enthusiastic admiration\" for Herbert, Jodorowsky said he had done everything possible to distance the author and his input from the project. Although Jodorowsky was embittered by the experience, he stated that the \"Dune\" project changed his life. O'Bannon entered a psychiatric hospital after the production failed, and worked on 13 scripts; the last of which became \"Alien\". A 2013 documentary, \"Jodorowsky's Dune\", was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation. In 1976, Dino De Laurentiis acquired the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using \"The Battle of Algiers\" as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science fiction film, \"Blade Runner\" (1982).", "Strange Brother Strange Brother is a gay novel written by Blair Niles published in 1931. The story is about a platonic relationship between a heterosexual woman and a gay man and takes place in New York City in the late 1920s and early 1930s. \"Strange Brother\" provides an early and objective documentation of homosexual issues during the Harlem Renaissance. Mark Thornton, the story's protagonist, moves to New York City in hopes of feeling like less of an outsider. At a nightclub in Harlem he meets and befriends June Westbrook. One night they witness a man named Nelly being arrested. June encourages Mark to investigate. This leads Mark to attend Nelly's trial, where he is found guilty and sentenced to six months' imprisonment on Welfare Island for his feminine affections and gestures. Next Mark researches the crimes against nature sections of the penal code. Shaken up by his findings and the events, Mark confesses his own homosexuality to June. Mark and June's friendship continues to grow, and June introduces Mark to a number of friends in her social circle. Various social interactions ensue including a dinner party for a departing professor, a trip to a nightspot featuring a singer called Glory who sings Creole Love Call and attending a drag ball. Despite reading Walt Whitman's poetry collection \"Leaves of Grass\", Edward Carpenter's series of papers \"Love's Coming of Age\", and Countee Cullen's poetry, Mark is afraid to come out. Subsequently, Mark is threatened with being outed at work. In response to this threat, Mark commits suicide by shooting himself. Tom Burden: An older gay man and platonic friend who urges Mark to develop his drawing talents. Tom leads Mark to realize his homosexuality before he himself travels abroad. Philip Crane (Phil): A handsome, muscular and heterosexual man who studies tropical entomology."], "answer": {"text": "open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\"", "answer_start": 222}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other things besides the rape scene that added to criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#8", "question": "what was the response to that statement?", "rewrite": "what was the response to Jodorowsky's statement of raping Frank Herbert?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although their version of the film never reached production, the work that Jodorowsky and his team put into \"Dune\" did have a significant impact on subsequent science-fiction films. In particular, the classic \"Alien\" (1979), written by O'Bannon, shared much of the same creative team for the visual design as had been assembled for Jodorowsky's film. A documentary, \"Jodorowsky's Dune\" (2013), was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation. In late 1976, Italian producer Dino De Laurentiis purchased the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using \"The Battle of Algiers\" as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science-fiction film, \"Blade Runner\" (1982). As he recalls, the pre-production process was slow, and finishing the project would have been even more time-intensive: But after seven months I dropped out of \"Dune\", by then Rudy Wurlitzer had come up with a first-draft script which I felt was a decent distillation of Frank Herbert's. But I also realised \"Dune\" was going to take a lot more work\u2014at least two and a half years' worth. And I didn't have the heart to attack that because my older brother Frank unexpectedly died of cancer while I was prepping the De Laurentiis picture.", "Jodorowsky's Dune  Jodorowsky's Dune is a 2013 American-French documentary film directed by Frank Pavich. The film explores cult film director Alejandro Jodorowsky's unsuccessful attempt to adapt and film Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel \"Dune\" in the mid-1970s. In 1971, the production company Apjac International (APJ) headed by film producer Arthur P. Jacobs optioned the rights to film \"Dune\". However, Jacobs died in 1973 before a film could be developed. In December 1974, a French consortium led by Jean-Paul Gibon purchased the film rights from APJ, with director Alejandro Jodorowsky set to direct. Along with French producer Michel Seydoux, Jodorowsky proceeded to approach, among others, Virgin Records with the prog rock groups Tangerine Dream, Gong and Mike Oldfield before settling on Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music; artists H. R. Giger, Chris Foss and Jean Giraud for set and character design; Dan O'Bannon for special effects; and Salvador Dal\u00ed, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, Mick Jagger, Udo Kier, Amanda Lear and others for the cast. Jodorowsky intended his son Brontis, 12 years old at the start of pre-production, to star as Paul Atreides. Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour film (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship.", "The book contains a novelette called \"Spice Planet\" (an alternative version of \"Dune\" based on an outline by Frank Herbert), a number of the Brian Herbert/Anderson short stories, and letters and unused chapters written by Frank Herbert. In 1973, director and writer Alejandro Jodorowsky set about creating a cinematic adaptation, taking over the option that producer Arthur P. Jacobs had put on the film adaptation rights in 1973 shortly before his death. Jodorowsky approached, among others, Peter Gabriel, the prog rock groups Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music, artists H. R. Giger and Jean Giraud for set and character design, Dan O'Bannon and Douglas Trumbull for special effects, and Salvador Dal\u00ed, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, and others for the cast. He began writing a vast script, so expansive that the movie was thought to potentially last 14 hours. The project, nevertheless, was nipped in the bud for financial reasons, leaving Jodorowsky's unfinished handwritten script in a notebook that was partially published as a facsimile in 2012 as part of the \"100 Notes \u2013 100 Thoughts\" catalog of the 13th \"documenta\" exhibition. Frank Pavich directed a documentary about this unrealized project entitled \"Jodorowsky's Dune\", which premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival in May 2013, and was released theatrically in March 2014. In 1984, Dino De Laurentiis and Universal Pictures released \"Dune\", a feature film adaptation of the novel by director and writer David Lynch.", "Frank Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production, and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour movie (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship. Jodorowsky said in 1985 that he found the \"Dune\" story mythical and had intended to recreate it rather than adapt the novel; though he had an \"enthusiastic admiration\" for Herbert, Jodorowsky said he had done everything possible to distance the author and his input from the project. Although Jodorowsky was embittered by the experience, he stated that the \"Dune\" project changed his life. O'Bannon entered a psychiatric hospital after the production failed, and worked on 13 scripts; the last of which became \"Alien\". A 2013 documentary, \"Jodorowsky's Dune\", was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation. In 1976, Dino De Laurentiis acquired the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using \"The Battle of Algiers\" as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science fiction film, \"Blade Runner\" (1982).", "When you make a picture, you must not respect the novel. It's like you get married, no? You go with the wife, white, the woman is white. You take the woman, if you respect the woman, you will never have child. You need to open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\" As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised. Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure, Alejandro Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo--though he later denied it--but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\" Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art. A man who seems to believe that rape is something that women 'need' if they can't accept male sexual power on their own\". Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades ... though he's elsewhere described the unsimulated sex in that scene as consensual\", and went on to state that the quote \"has not endangered his status as an avant-garde icon\"."], "answer": {"text": "As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised.", "answer_start": 379}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other things besides the rape scene that added to criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything that's interesting about Jodorowsky that hasn't been discussed yet?", "answer": {"text": "open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\"", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#9", "question": "Is Alejandro Jodorowsky respected by others?", "rewrite": "Is Alejandro Jodorowsky respected by others?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Notably, Fando y Lis and La cravate were digitally restored extensively and remastered in London during late 2006, thus providing the perfect complement to the quality restoration work undertaken on El Topo and The Holy Mountain in the States by Abkco, and ensuring that the presentation of Fando y Lis is a significant improvement over the 2001 Fantoma DVD edition. Prior to the availability of these legitimate releases, only inferior quality, optically censored, bootleg copies of both El Topo and The Holy Mountain have been circulated on the Internet and on DVD. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Jodorowsky attempted to make a sequel to El Topo, called at different times The Sons of El Topo and Abel Cain, but could not find investors for the project. In an interview with Premiere Magazine, Jodorowsky said he intended his next project to be a gangster film called King Shot. In an interview with The Guardian newspaper in November 2009, however, Jodorowsky revealed that he was unable to find the funds to make King Shot, and instead would be entering preparations on Sons of El Topo, for which he claimed to have signed a contract with \"some Russian producers\". In 2010, the Museum of Arts and Design in New York City staged the first American cinema retrospective of Alejandro Jodorowsky entitled Blood into Gold: The Cinematic Alchemy of Alejandro Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky would attend the retrospective and hold a master class on art as a way of transformation. This retrospective would inspire the museum MOMA PS1 to present the exhibition Alejandro Jodorowsky: The Holy Mountain in 2011.", "Endless Poetry  Endless Poetry () is a 2016 French-Chilean drama film directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky. It is a sequel and the second part of Jodorowsky's film autobiography, which began with \"The Dance of Reality\" (2013), which focused on Jodorowsky's childhood in Tocopilla (northern Chile). \"Endless Poetry\" narrates instead the adolescence and youth of Jodorowsky in the bohemian Matucana neighborhood of Santiago, in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. Alejandro Jodorowsky, now living in Santiago, Chile and working at his father's store, rejects the pressuring of his Jewish family to enter medical school and instead pursues a career as a poet. Through his creation of puppets he makes contact with a man who gives him a studio as his first residence. In this new life he encounters artists, poets and performers both notable and amateur, among them Nicanor Parra, whom he insults during a misunderstanding about Stella D\u00edaz Var\u00edn, the woman who inspired his poem \"The Viper\". His best friend and fellow poet Enrique Lihn has a fight with his girlfriend, whom Alejandro saves from committing suicide. They have sex and she becomes pregnant. An elderly man who used to work in a circus with Alejandro's father Jaime encourages Alejandro to return to the circus, which he does as a means to laugh away his troubles. Enrique and Alejandro later reconcile. Alejandro's parents notify him that their home has burned down along with all of his writings and childhood possessions. He visits his home to say goodbye to his childhood and contemplate what he wishes to be. He visits Parra, who is teaching mathematics at an engineering school, to ask him for fatherly advice about his future.", "Jodorowsky's Dune  Jodorowsky's Dune is a 2013 American-French documentary film directed by Frank Pavich. The film explores cult film director Alejandro Jodorowsky's unsuccessful attempt to adapt and film Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel \"Dune\" in the mid-1970s. In 1971, the production company Apjac International (APJ) headed by film producer Arthur P. Jacobs optioned the rights to film \"Dune\". However, Jacobs died in 1973 before a film could be developed. In December 1974, a French consortium led by Jean-Paul Gibon purchased the film rights from APJ, with director Alejandro Jodorowsky set to direct. Along with French producer Michel Seydoux, Jodorowsky proceeded to approach, among others, Virgin Records with the prog rock groups Tangerine Dream, Gong and Mike Oldfield before settling on Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music; artists H. R. Giger, Chris Foss and Jean Giraud for set and character design; Dan O'Bannon for special effects; and Salvador Dal\u00ed, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, Mick Jagger, Udo Kier, Amanda Lear and others for the cast. Jodorowsky intended his son Brontis, 12 years old at the start of pre-production, to star as Paul Atreides. Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour film (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship.", "In November 2009 Guerrilla Zoo celebrated the work of iconic figure of the arts Alejandro Jodorowsky in a season presenting his work through theatre, film and music at venues in London. Events such as: The premi\u00e8re of Alejandro Jodorowsky and his wife Pascale Montandon collaborative visual art at The Horse Hospital, also Brontis Jodorowsky starred in the solo production \"The Gorilla\" based on Franz Kafka's \"Report to an Academy\" at Leicester Square Theatre, and the first Modern Panic exhibition was held at The Old Abbatoir, plus many other Jodorowsky-related events. The Modern Panic series is inspired by Alejandro Jodorowsky's Panic Movement and launched in 2009 originally as part of Season of Jodorowsky. The now annual exhibition features provocative and controversial international artists and live art's practitioners. It has established \"a reputation for introducing new and edgy art\" and been cited as \"livening up modern art.\" In September 2010 Guerrilla Zoo launched a yearly themed and costumed ball which explores the darker side of fantasy. The Goblin King's Masquerade Ball features promenade theatre, interactive creatures, puppetry, art installations & site-specific immersive games alongside live music, performance and occasionally market traders. In part inspired by the British conceptual designer and artist Brian Froud and the trend of Renaissance events in USA. The event attracts large audiences from around UK and across Europe and has been featured on Arte TV. In May 2013 the Make Believe Festival was launched, a festival designed to explore the world of immersive experiential story-telling alongside traditional festival staples of live music and performance.", "The Dance of Reality The Dance of Reality () is a 2013 Chilean-French semi-autobiographical musical fantasy drama film written, produced, and directed by Alejandro Jodorowsky, starring Brontis Jodorowsky, Pamela Flores, and Jeremias Herskovits. It is Alejandro Jodorowsky's first film in 23 years. The film screened at Directors' Fortnight during the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. The film is based on an earlier work by Jodorowsky first published in Spanish under the title \"La danza de la realidad: Psicomagia y psicochamanismo\" (2001). Young Alejandro (Jerem\u00edas Herskovits) lives with his Jewish-Ukrainian parents Jaime (Brontis Jodorowsky) and Sara (Pamela Flores) in Tocopilla, Chile. Jaime is a communist who worships Stalin and raises his son with great severity. Sara sings rather than talks throughout the film, and believes Alejandro to be the reincarnation of her father because of his long blonde hair. Irritated by his wife's delusional views of their son and angered by Alejandro's behavior, which he views as cowardly and effeminate, Jaime cuts off Alejandro's hair (which is depicted as wig in what appears to be magic realism), demands he repudiate the existence of God, and puts him through tests of self-control and bravery which include withstanding being tickled, slapped, and finally undergoing a dental operation without anesthetic. Satisfied with his son's bravery, Jaime acknowledges that he respects Alejandro and arranges for him to be made the mascot of the Tocopilla fire brigade. Alejandro accompanies the fire brigade to the scene of a fire where one of the firemen becomes trapped in the house and burns to death."], "answer": {"text": "but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\"", "answer_start": 726}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other things besides the rape scene that added to criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything that's interesting about Jodorowsky that hasn't been discussed yet?", "answer": {"text": "open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\"", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what was the response to that statement?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised.", "answer_start": 379, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#10", "question": "What did critics say about Jodorowsky?", "rewrite": "What did critics say about Jodorowsky?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1982 Jodorowsky divorced his wife. In 1989, Jodorowsky completed the Mexican-Italian production Santa Sangre (Holy Blood). The film received limited theatrical distribution, putting Jodorowsky back on the cultural map despite its mixed critical reviews. Santa Sangre was a surrealistic slasher film with a plot like a mix of Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho with Robert Wiene's \"The Hands of Orlac\". It featured a protagonist who, as a child, saw his mother lose both her arms, and as an adult let his own arms act as hers, and so was forced to commit murders at her whim. Several of Jodorowsky's sons were recruited as actors. He followed in 1990 with a very different film, The Rainbow Thief. Though it gave Jodorowsky a chance to work with the \"movie stars\" Peter O'Toole and Omar Sharif, the executive producer, Alexander Salkind, effectively curtailed most of Jodorowsky's artistic inclinations, threatening to fire him on the spot if anything in the script was changed (Salkind's wife, Berta Dominguez D., wrote the screenplay). That same year (1990), Jodorowsky and his family returned to live in France. In 1995, Alejandro's son, Teo, died in an accident while his father was busy preparing for a trip to Mexico City to promote his new book. Upon arriving in Mexico City, he gave a lecture at the Julio Castillo Theatre where once again he met Ejo Takata, who at this time had moved into a poor suburb of the city where he had continued to teach meditation and Zen. Takata would die two years later, and Jodorowsky would never get to see his old friend again.", "Adan Jodorowsky Ad\u00e1n Jodorowsky or Adanowsky (born October 1979) is a French-Mexican musician, director and actor. Born in France October 29, 1979. Jodorowsky is the son of the Chilean Alejandro Jodorowsky and Mexican Valerie Trumblay, brother to Brontis Jodorowsky and Axel Jodorowsky and the uncle of Alma Jodorowsky. He has appeared in seven films to this day. As an actor, he won the Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor in 1989 for his role in \"Santa Sangre\" as young F\u00e9nix, one of his father's more renowned films. Jodorowsky started playing piano at the age of six. At age 7, he met James Brown at the backstage at a concert and Brown taught Ad\u00e1n how to dance like him. Jodorowsky's first guitar lessons were given to him by The Beatles guitarist George Harrison. On this occasion, Harrison told him that \"he was far\". Ad\u00e1n did not know if \"he was far\" in an enlightened way or \"far\" from being a good guitarist. When he was sixteen he joined the punk band The Hellboys. Then he wanted to try another music genre and met Yarol Poupaud and Adrienne Pauly. Following these encounters he started playing bass. On October 30, 2006, he released his first solo album, \"\u00c9toile \u00c9ternelle\", as \"Adanowsky\", and his first single, \"L'idole\" (meaning \"the idol\") which was also released in Spanish as \"El \u00cddolo\"; the song is about a waiter who wants all the attention and dreams of becoming famous and an idol. In 2007 he featured as an actor in the Julie Delpy's movie \"2 Days In Paris\".", "Alma Jodorowsky Alma Jodorowsky (born 26 September 1991) is a French actress, fashion model and singer. Jodorowsky is the granddaughter of Alejandro Jodorowsky, movie director and author born to Jewish Ukrainian \u00e9migr\u00e9s in Chile. Her father is actor Brontis Jodorowsky, Alejandro's elder son with Bernadette Landru, her mother is Val\u00e9rie Crouzet and her uncle is the actor and singer Adan Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky received her acting training in Parisian theatres and at the Conservatoire du XIVe. In 2011 she attended a three months workshop at the New York Film Academy and in 2013 graduated at the Studio Theatre D'Asni\u00e8res in France. Jodorowsky works in television and films, as well as in the fashion industry. She is also the lead vocalist and songwriter of \"Burning Peacocks\", a Paris-based pop band. Jodorowsky's first acting job was at age fourteen in a French TV movie called \"Gaspard le Bandit\", set during the Ancien R\u00e9gime. She made her big-screen debut as Estelle in the French and American movie \"Eyes Find Eyes\", then in the French comedy \"Sea, No Sex and Sun\". In 2013 Jodorowsky played a supporting role in Abdellatif Kechiche's romantic drama \" Blue Is the Warmest Colour\", winner of the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Recently she has landed the lead role of Evelyn in 2016 British film \"Kids in Love\", alongside Will Poulter, Sebastian de Souza and supermodel Cara Delevingne. Jodorowsky appeared in fashion magazines like The Coveteur, Vice, Envy magazine, Marie Claire Italy and Emirates Woman.", "Frank Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production, and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour movie (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship. Jodorowsky said in 1985 that he found the \"Dune\" story mythical and had intended to recreate it rather than adapt the novel; though he had an \"enthusiastic admiration\" for Herbert, Jodorowsky said he had done everything possible to distance the author and his input from the project. Although Jodorowsky was embittered by the experience, he stated that the \"Dune\" project changed his life. O'Bannon entered a psychiatric hospital after the production failed, and worked on 13 scripts; the last of which became \"Alien\". A 2013 documentary, \"Jodorowsky's Dune\", was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation. In 1976, Dino De Laurentiis acquired the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using \"The Battle of Algiers\" as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science fiction film, \"Blade Runner\" (1982).", "Jodorowsky's Dune  Jodorowsky's Dune is a 2013 American-French documentary film directed by Frank Pavich. The film explores cult film director Alejandro Jodorowsky's unsuccessful attempt to adapt and film Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel \"Dune\" in the mid-1970s. In 1971, the production company Apjac International (APJ) headed by film producer Arthur P. Jacobs optioned the rights to film \"Dune\". However, Jacobs died in 1973 before a film could be developed. In December 1974, a French consortium led by Jean-Paul Gibon purchased the film rights from APJ, with director Alejandro Jodorowsky set to direct. Along with French producer Michel Seydoux, Jodorowsky proceeded to approach, among others, Virgin Records with the prog rock groups Tangerine Dream, Gong and Mike Oldfield before settling on Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music; artists H. R. Giger, Chris Foss and Jean Giraud for set and character design; Dan O'Bannon for special effects; and Salvador Dal\u00ed, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, Mick Jagger, Udo Kier, Amanda Lear and others for the cast. Jodorowsky intended his son Brontis, 12 years old at the start of pre-production, to star as Paul Atreides. Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour film (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship."], "answer": {"text": "A man who seems to believe that rape is something that women 'need' if they can't accept male sexual power on their own\".", "answer_start": 929}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other things besides the rape scene that added to criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything that's interesting about Jodorowsky that hasn't been discussed yet?", "answer": {"text": "open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\"", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what was the response to that statement?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised.", "answer_start": 379, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is Alejandro Jodorowsky respected by others?", "answer": {"text": "but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\"", "answer_start": 726, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d1a87c0741b6461fb1a285247fc66f9b_0_q#11", "question": "What was the biggest controversy surrounding Jodorowsky?", "rewrite": "What was the biggest controversy surrounding Jodorowsky?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1982 Jodorowsky divorced his wife. In 1989, Jodorowsky completed the Mexican-Italian production Santa Sangre (Holy Blood). The film received limited theatrical distribution, putting Jodorowsky back on the cultural map despite its mixed critical reviews. Santa Sangre was a surrealistic slasher film with a plot like a mix of Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho with Robert Wiene's \"The Hands of Orlac\". It featured a protagonist who, as a child, saw his mother lose both her arms, and as an adult let his own arms act as hers, and so was forced to commit murders at her whim. Several of Jodorowsky's sons were recruited as actors. He followed in 1990 with a very different film, The Rainbow Thief. Though it gave Jodorowsky a chance to work with the \"movie stars\" Peter O'Toole and Omar Sharif, the executive producer, Alexander Salkind, effectively curtailed most of Jodorowsky's artistic inclinations, threatening to fire him on the spot if anything in the script was changed (Salkind's wife, Berta Dominguez D., wrote the screenplay). That same year (1990), Jodorowsky and his family returned to live in France. In 1995, Alejandro's son, Teo, died in an accident while his father was busy preparing for a trip to Mexico City to promote his new book. Upon arriving in Mexico City, he gave a lecture at the Julio Castillo Theatre where once again he met Ejo Takata, who at this time had moved into a poor suburb of the city where he had continued to teach meditation and Zen. Takata would die two years later, and Jodorowsky would never get to see his old friend again.", "Frank Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production, and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour movie (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship. Jodorowsky said in 1985 that he found the \"Dune\" story mythical and had intended to recreate it rather than adapt the novel; though he had an \"enthusiastic admiration\" for Herbert, Jodorowsky said he had done everything possible to distance the author and his input from the project. Although Jodorowsky was embittered by the experience, he stated that the \"Dune\" project changed his life. O'Bannon entered a psychiatric hospital after the production failed, and worked on 13 scripts; the last of which became \"Alien\". A 2013 documentary, \"Jodorowsky's Dune\", was made about Jodorowsky's failed attempt at an adaptation. In 1976, Dino De Laurentiis acquired the rights from Gibon's consortium. De Laurentiis commissioned Herbert to write a new screenplay in 1978; the script Herbert turned in was 175 pages long, the equivalent of nearly three hours of screen time. De Laurentiis then hired director Ridley Scott in 1979, with Rudy Wurlitzer writing the screenplay and H. R. Giger retained from the Jodorowsky production. Scott intended to split the book into two movies. He worked on three drafts of the script, using \"The Battle of Algiers\" as a point of reference, before moving on to direct another science fiction film, \"Blade Runner\" (1982).", "Alma Jodorowsky Alma Jodorowsky (born 26 September 1991) is a French actress, fashion model and singer. Jodorowsky is the granddaughter of Alejandro Jodorowsky, movie director and author born to Jewish Ukrainian \u00e9migr\u00e9s in Chile. Her father is actor Brontis Jodorowsky, Alejandro's elder son with Bernadette Landru, her mother is Val\u00e9rie Crouzet and her uncle is the actor and singer Adan Jodorowsky. Jodorowsky received her acting training in Parisian theatres and at the Conservatoire du XIVe. In 2011 she attended a three months workshop at the New York Film Academy and in 2013 graduated at the Studio Theatre D'Asni\u00e8res in France. Jodorowsky works in television and films, as well as in the fashion industry. She is also the lead vocalist and songwriter of \"Burning Peacocks\", a Paris-based pop band. Jodorowsky's first acting job was at age fourteen in a French TV movie called \"Gaspard le Bandit\", set during the Ancien R\u00e9gime. She made her big-screen debut as Estelle in the French and American movie \"Eyes Find Eyes\", then in the French comedy \"Sea, No Sex and Sun\". In 2013 Jodorowsky played a supporting role in Abdellatif Kechiche's romantic drama \" Blue Is the Warmest Colour\", winner of the Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Recently she has landed the lead role of Evelyn in 2016 British film \"Kids in Love\", alongside Will Poulter, Sebastian de Souza and supermodel Cara Delevingne. Jodorowsky appeared in fashion magazines like The Coveteur, Vice, Envy magazine, Marie Claire Italy and Emirates Woman.", "Jodorowsky's Dune  Jodorowsky's Dune is a 2013 American-French documentary film directed by Frank Pavich. The film explores cult film director Alejandro Jodorowsky's unsuccessful attempt to adapt and film Frank Herbert's 1965 science fiction novel \"Dune\" in the mid-1970s. In 1971, the production company Apjac International (APJ) headed by film producer Arthur P. Jacobs optioned the rights to film \"Dune\". However, Jacobs died in 1973 before a film could be developed. In December 1974, a French consortium led by Jean-Paul Gibon purchased the film rights from APJ, with director Alejandro Jodorowsky set to direct. Along with French producer Michel Seydoux, Jodorowsky proceeded to approach, among others, Virgin Records with the prog rock groups Tangerine Dream, Gong and Mike Oldfield before settling on Pink Floyd and Magma for some of the music; artists H. R. Giger, Chris Foss and Jean Giraud for set and character design; Dan O'Bannon for special effects; and Salvador Dal\u00ed, Orson Welles, Gloria Swanson, David Carradine, Mick Jagger, Udo Kier, Amanda Lear and others for the cast. Jodorowsky intended his son Brontis, 12 years old at the start of pre-production, to star as Paul Atreides. Herbert traveled to Europe in 1976 to find that $2 million of the $9.5 million budget had already been spent in pre-production and that Jodorowsky's script would result in a 14-hour film (\"It was the size of a phone book\", Herbert later recalled). Jodorowsky took creative liberties with the source material, but Herbert said that he and Jodorowsky had an amicable relationship.", "Adan Jodorowsky Ad\u00e1n Jodorowsky or Adanowsky (born October 1979) is a French-Mexican musician, director and actor. Born in France October 29, 1979. Jodorowsky is the son of the Chilean Alejandro Jodorowsky and Mexican Valerie Trumblay, brother to Brontis Jodorowsky and Axel Jodorowsky and the uncle of Alma Jodorowsky. He has appeared in seven films to this day. As an actor, he won the Saturn Award for Best Performance by a Younger Actor in 1989 for his role in \"Santa Sangre\" as young F\u00e9nix, one of his father's more renowned films. Jodorowsky started playing piano at the age of six. At age 7, he met James Brown at the backstage at a concert and Brown taught Ad\u00e1n how to dance like him. Jodorowsky's first guitar lessons were given to him by The Beatles guitarist George Harrison. On this occasion, Harrison told him that \"he was far\". Ad\u00e1n did not know if \"he was far\" in an enlightened way or \"far\" from being a good guitarist. When he was sixteen he joined the punk band The Hellboys. Then he wanted to try another music genre and met Yarol Poupaud and Adrienne Pauly. Following these encounters he started playing bass. On October 30, 2006, he released his first solo album, \"\u00c9toile \u00c9ternelle\", as \"Adanowsky\", and his first single, \"L'idole\" (meaning \"the idol\") which was also released in Spanish as \"El \u00cddolo\"; the song is about a waiter who wants all the attention and dreams of becoming famous and an idol. In 2007 he featured as an actor in the Julie Delpy's movie \"2 Days In Paris\"."], "answer": {"text": "\"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 846}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what criticism surrounded Alejandro Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "In regard to the making of El Topo,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What criticism surrounded Alejandro and the making of El Topo?", "answer": {"text": "When I wanted to do the rape scene, I explained to [Mara Lorenzio] that I was going to hit her and rape her.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received by others?", "answer": {"text": "Matt Brown of Screen Anarchy wrote that \"it's easier to wall off a certain type of criminality behind the buffer of time--sure,", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Matt Brown say anything else that was critical?", "answer": {"text": "Jodorowsky is on the record in his book on the making of the film as having raped Mara Lorenzo while making El Topo", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other controversy surrounded Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Emily Asher-Perrin of Tor.com called Jodorowsky \"an artist who condones rape as a means to an end for the purpose of creating art.", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anyone else have criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "Sady Doyle of Elle wrote that Jodorowsky \"has been teasing the idea of an unsimulated rape scene in his cult classic film El Topo for decades", "answer_start": 1051, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there other things besides the rape scene that added to criticism against Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "no emotional relationship between us, because I had put a clause in all the women's contracts stating that they would not make love with the director.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything that's interesting about Jodorowsky that hasn't been discussed yet?", "answer": {"text": "open the costume and to... to rape the bride. And then you will have your picture. I was raping Frank Herbert, raping, like this! But with love, with love.\"", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what was the response to that statement?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of these statements, Jodorowsky has been criticised.", "answer_start": 379, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is Alejandro Jodorowsky respected by others?", "answer": {"text": "but nowadays he's just that hilarious old kook from Jodorowsky's Dune!\"", "answer_start": 726, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did critics say about Jodorowsky?", "answer": {"text": "A man who seems to believe that rape is something that women 'need' if they can't accept male sexual power on their own\".", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#0", "question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "rewrite": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Larsson returned to Fed Cup in 2007, losing to Ma\u0161a Zec Pe\u0161kiri\u010d and beating Vojislava Luki\u0107 and Naomi Cavaday, both ranked in the top 300, giving Sweden 9th place. 2008 was Johanna Larsson's breakthrough year, winning two $25,000 ITF events in Stockholm and in Sutton. She also made her Grand Slam debut at the French Open where she made the second qualifying round. Larsson went on to make the second qualifying round at Wimbledon and the US Open final qualifying round. In September, Larsson also captured the $75,000 Shrewsbury doubles event. Larsson ended the season playing Swedish team tennis for Helsingborg alongside Sofia Arvidsson. Larsson began the year at the Australian Open, where she lost in the first qualifying round. She was included in the 2009 Swedish Fed Cup team, along with Sofia Arvidsson, Sandra Roma and Ellen Allgurin. Larsson recorded a 3\u20131 singles win-loss record (including a win over top-70 player Monica Niculescu), and a 2\u20131 doubles win-loss ratio. After the Fed Cup, Larsson travelled to South America to play qualifying in two WTA events. In Bogot\u00e1 Larsson had three wins in qualifying taking her into the main draw, where she lost to Carla Su\u00e1rez Navarro. In her next tournament in Acapulco, Larsson was forced to retire with a knee injury while trailing top seed \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay one set down. A series of $25,000 ITF clay tournaments saw Larsson reach two finals, a semi- and a quarterfinal. Larsson took the singles and doubles titles at the $50,000 event in Barnstaple, her best singles result in her career so far.", "Sam Larsson Sam Andreas Larsson (born 10 April 1993) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a winger for Feyenoord in the Eredivisie. He is the younger brother of fellow professional footballer Daniel Larsson. Born in Gothenburg, Sam Larsson made his first start in the Swedish top-flight, Allsvenskan for IFK G\u00f6teborg in March 2013, in a game against local rivals BK H\u00e4cken. By scoring once and assisting two more in a 3\u20130 win, Larsson quickly made his way to the headlines, with manager Mikael Stahre describing him as a \"Swedish Brazilian\", he furthermore earned himself the nickname \"Samba-Sam\", due to his impressive skills on the ball and unpredictable moves. After a successful first season, Larsson made further progress during the following year, gaining much praise for his creative play and taking on a larger role in leading his team on the attack. On 12 August 2014, IFK G\u00f6teborg announced the transfer of Larsson to Dutch side Heerenveen. On 23 August, Larsson played his first league game for his new club, a game in which he scored once to settle a 2\u20130 win over SBV Excelsior. After an injury-plagued first period, Larsson started to achieve much praise for his performances, including comparisons being drawn by Heerenveen manager Dwight Lodeweges between Larsson and Argentinian star Lionel Messi. Heerenveen ended the season in 7th place in the Eredevisie, with Larsson scoring eight and assisting to four goals in 25 games. In his second season with Heerenveen the club experienced a struggling period, finding themselves in the lower half of the table.", "Fredrik Larsson (racing driver)  Fredrik Larsson (Falkenberg, 3 September 1976) is a Swedish racing driver. Larsson won the 1996 Barber Dodge Pro Series and currently competes in the Scandinavian Touring Car Championship for WestCoast Racing. After a long karting career spanning between 1986 and 1993 Larsson debuted in single seaters in 1994. Larsson dominated the Swedish Formula Ford Junior category winning eight out of ten races. At eighteen years old Larsson debuted in the Barber Dodge Pro Series in the United States of America. In his first season the young Swede won the race at Texas World Speedway and scored another three podium finishes. These good results placed him fifth in the championship standings. Larsson returned to the series in 1996. After winning five races in the twelve round season Larsson only had to finish twelfth in the last round to secure the championship. At Lime Rock Park the Swede finished second and secured the championship while Derek Hill won the race. After his championship win Larsson graduated into the Indy Lights. Larsson drove his Lola T97/20 entered by Johansson Motorsports in nine out of thirteen rounds. The Swede had a very good start of the season. At Homestead-Miami Speedway the 20-year-old driver finished second behind David Empringham. Fredrikson scored another podium finish at Nazareth Speedway where he finished third. After a number of retirements Johansson Motorsports replaced Larsson with Jeff Ward. Larsson tested for Alan Docking Racing at Pembrey Circuit looking to compete in the British Formula Three Championship. However this deal never came to fruition. After not racing between 1999 and 2009 Larsson returned to competitive auto racing in 2009 in the Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia. Larsson finished third in the championship behind Joakim Mangs and Tony Rickardsson. The fast Swede won six out of sixteen races.", "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona with an option for a second year. Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury. He scored 3 goals in 12 Liga games and one goal (against his former club Celtic) in four Champions League matches. After the match against Celtic, he said: \"It was very difficult for me to celebrate my goal because I had so many great times here.\" On 20 November 2004, during the 3-0 victory in El Clasico against Real Madrid, Larsson tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in his left knee. Despite his injury-hit 2004-05 season, playing only 16 games, Barcelona took the option to extend his contract. In December 2005, Larsson announced that at the end of his contract, which ended in July, he would leave Barcelona and return to Sweden to end his career. He revealed that he had refused an offer by club president Joan Laporta to extend his contract to the end of the next season. On the announcement of his departure, Ronaldinho said:  In Larsson's final match for Barcelona, his substitute introduction was pivotal to win the 2006 Champions League final. Larsson assisted both of Barcelona's goals in a 2-1 win over Arsenal. Thierry Henry paid tribute to Larsson's contribution to Barcelona's win after the match, saying, \"People always talk about Ronaldinho, Samuel Eto'o, Ludovic Giuly and everything, but I didn't see them today, I saw Henrik Larsson. He came on, he changed the game, that is what killed the game.", "Jordan Larsson Jordan Larsson (born 20 June 1997) is a Swedish footballer who plays for Russian club Spartak Moscow as a forward. He is the son of Henrik Larsson. A youth product of FC Barcelona , he began his career at fourth-tier H\u00f6gaborgs BK in 2012. Two years later, he signed for Helsingborgs IF in the Allsvenskan. He became a first-team regular at the club under the management of his father, but was assaulted by fans after their relegation in 2016. Larsson then signed for Dutch club N.E.C. in January 2017, and after their relegation from the Eredivisie he returned to Sweden with IFK Norrk\u00f6ping a year later. In August 2019, he signed for Spartak. Larsson has represented Sweden at various youth levels and made his senior international debut in January 2018. He was selected for the 2016 Olympics but was withdrawn by his club team. He is the son of Henrik Larsson, who played in the same position for H\u00f6gaborgs BK, Helsingborgs IF, Feyenoord, Celtic, Barcelona, Manchester United and the Sweden national team. The elder Larsson won trophies in the Netherlands, Scotland, Spain and England, totalling 242 goals for Celtic alone. Larsson was born in Rotterdam, while his father played for Feyenoord. He is named after basketball player Michael Jordan. He is Cape Verdean Swedish, through his paternal grandfather. Jordan Larsson was regularly seen at Celtic Park when his father played there, and accompanied him on the pitch in trophy celebrations. While his father played for Barcelona between 2004 and 2006, Larsson played for the team's La Masia academy. He began his senior career at H\u00f6gaborg in the Swedish Football Division 2, the fourth level of the sport in the country."], "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#1", "question": "What happened when the contract was over?", "rewrite": "What happened to Larrson when the contract with Barcelona was over?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Fading Light The Fading Light is a 2009 film directed by Ivan Kavanagh which won Best Irish Film and Best Actor at the Jameson Dublin International Film Festival 2010. The cast includes Valene Kane, Emma Eliza Regan, Bibi Larrson and Patrick O\u2019Donnell who won the Best Actor gong from the Dublin Film Critics Circle for his performance in the film The film has a limited release at Dublin's IFI from 12 March 2010", "and with Iraq \u2014 has resulted in exhibits always being displayed bilingually, in both English and Arabic. It contains important artifacts from the over 5,000-year-long history of Mesopotamia in 28 galleries and vaults. The collections of The Iraq Museum include art and artifacts from ancient Sumerian, Babylonian, Akkadian and Assyrian civilizations. The museum also has galleries devoted to collections of both pre-Islamic and Islamic Arabian art and artifacts. Of its many noteworthy collections, the Nimrud gold collection\u2014which features gold jewelry and figures of precious stone that date to the 9th century bce\u2014and the collection of stone carvings and cuneiform tablets from Uruk are exceptional. The Uruk treasures date to between 3500 and 3000 BCE. In the months preceding the 2003 Iraq war, starting in December and January, various antiquities experts, including representatives from the American Council for Cultural Policy asked the Pentagon and the UK government to ensure the museum's safety from both combat and looting. But no promises were made, and fortunately the U.S. forces did not bomb the site, despite them bombing a number of uninhabited Iraqi archeological sites. On April 9, 2003 the last of the museum curators and staff left the museum. Iraqi forces engaged U.S. forces a few blocks away, as well as the nearby Special Republican Guard compound. Lt. Col. Eric Schwartz of the U.S. third Infantry Division declared in an inconceivable statement that he \"was unable to enter the compound and secure it since they attempted to avoid returning fire at the building. Sniper positions, discarded ammunition, and 15 Iraqi Army uniforms were later discovered in the building\".", "Mahajangasuchus Mahajangasuchus is an extinct genus of crocodyliform which had blunt, conical teeth. The type species, \"M. insignis\", lived during the Late Cretaceous; its fossils have been found in the Maevarano Formation in northern Madagascar. It was a fairly large predator, measuring up to with a weight up to . Sereno \"et al.\". (2001) placed the genus within the family Trematochampsidae, although a more recent study by Turner and Calvo (2005) placed it within Peirosauridae. It was placed in the newly constructed family Mahajangasuchidae along with the genus \"Kaprosuchus\" by Sereno and Larrson (2009).", "Joy tours around the world with Clean Bandit performing the band's many hits including \"Rather Be\", \"Rockabye\" and \"Solo\" and has said to particularly enjoy singing \"Symphony\" originally featuring Zara Larrson. As well as live singing, Joy also records backing vocals for many of the groups songs. In 2018, it was announced that Joy would become a featuring artist on one of the band's new songs on there second studio album, \"What is Love?\", featuring on \"We Were Just Kids\" with Craig David.", "Yu Hui Tseng Yu Hui Tseng is a Gongfu tea ceremony master, the only female master and among the ten most recognised today. She is also currently the only tea master active outside of China. She is the founder and owner of \"La Maison des Trois Th\u00e9s\" tea salon in Paris. Born in a family descending from Zengzi, Yu Hui Tseng started studying the piano aged four, and later took up the clarinet at a professional level, earning a first prize in Taiwan at 17. In parallel, she studied the Gongfu tea ceremony with Master Zhang Tian Fu. Ma\u00eetre Tseng uses her knowledge and experience to try to change the image tea has for many people in France and other western countries. Ma\u00eetre Tseng is known for her informed exchange of ideas with top wine experts like Philippe Faure-Brac, Richard Geoffroy and Jean-Claude Berrouet. Tseng is also consulted by many Michelin-starred chefs in Paris like Alain Senderens, Guy Savoy, Jo\u00ebl Robuchon, Olivier Roellinger and Pierre Gagnaire. She provides them with appropriate tea varieties for their restaurants and also helps them find the right flavours and scents to accompany their dishes. She also often collaborates with pastry chefs and chocolatiers, such as Jacques G\u00e9nin and Pierre Herm\u00e9, sommeliers like Andreas Larrson and Patrick Borras, as well as master cheese makers, spice masters, whiskey-makers and even perfumers. Her unique skills are also useful for companies like Nestl\u00e9 Waters who trust her taste and \"nose\" for their products. Likewise, in 2017 Master Tseng endorsed the world's first Tea Humidor, by Lotusier, and performed a tea-tasting session at its Spring press launch in London."], "answer": {"text": "Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury.", "answer_start": 153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#2", "question": "What was the injury?", "rewrite": "What was Larsson's injury?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The school is nowadays owned by Konstskolan Idun Lov\u00e9n AB and since 2004 the school has its place in \u00c5rsta, a suburb in Stockholm. Gottfrid Larsson participated in exhibitions, among others in Saint Petersburg 1908, Munich 1909 and in San Francisco 1915. In 1935 Gottfrid Larsson had an exhibition in Konstn\u00e4rshuset, together with the Swedish artist and designer Arthur Percy (1886\u20131976). Gottfrid Larsson\u2019s fellow artist David Wallin arranged some of his exhibitions in Sk\u00e4nninge, an old built-up area from the medieval period, 5 km from Vallerstad in \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland, where Gottfrid Larsson was born. In Vadstena, in Sk\u00e4nningegatan 9, there is a sculpture museum called Gottfrid Larsson g\u00e5rden (Gottfrid Larsson garden), where the visitor can get acquainted with his work. After Gottfrid Larsson\u2019s death in 1947 his wife Karen Larsson bought the so-called M\u00f6llerg\u00e5rden in Sk\u00e4nningegatan 9 in Vadstena. In 1953 she donated the whole garden and the sculpture collection, consisting of 125 sculptures, to Vadstena Municipality. In 1979 the garden was opened to the public and Gottfrid Larsson\u2019s many works could be exhibited. Gottfrid Larsson died on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1947, in Stockholm. He is buried in Vallerstad church cemetery, outside the town Sk\u00e4nninge in \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland. Among his early works are:  From Gottfrid Larsson\u2019s stay in Italy (1906\u20131907) and Paris (1908\u20131912): Other examples of Gottfrid Larsson\u2019s sculptures are:", "Fredrik Larsson (racing driver)  Fredrik Larsson (Falkenberg, 3 September 1976) is a Swedish racing driver. Larsson won the 1996 Barber Dodge Pro Series and currently competes in the Scandinavian Touring Car Championship for WestCoast Racing. After a long karting career spanning between 1986 and 1993 Larsson debuted in single seaters in 1994. Larsson dominated the Swedish Formula Ford Junior category winning eight out of ten races. At eighteen years old Larsson debuted in the Barber Dodge Pro Series in the United States of America. In his first season the young Swede won the race at Texas World Speedway and scored another three podium finishes. These good results placed him fifth in the championship standings. Larsson returned to the series in 1996. After winning five races in the twelve round season Larsson only had to finish twelfth in the last round to secure the championship. At Lime Rock Park the Swede finished second and secured the championship while Derek Hill won the race. After his championship win Larsson graduated into the Indy Lights. Larsson drove his Lola T97/20 entered by Johansson Motorsports in nine out of thirteen rounds. The Swede had a very good start of the season. At Homestead-Miami Speedway the 20-year-old driver finished second behind David Empringham. Fredrikson scored another podium finish at Nazareth Speedway where he finished third. After a number of retirements Johansson Motorsports replaced Larsson with Jeff Ward. Larsson tested for Alan Docking Racing at Pembrey Circuit looking to compete in the British Formula Three Championship. However this deal never came to fruition. After not racing between 1999 and 2009 Larsson returned to competitive auto racing in 2009 in the Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia. Larsson finished third in the championship behind Joakim Mangs and Tony Rickardsson. The fast Swede won six out of sixteen races.", "Eva Gabrielsson Eva Gabrielsson (born 17 November 1953) is a Swedish architect, author, political activist, feminist, and the long-time partner of the late Swedish mystery novelist Stieg Larsson. Gabrielsson and Stieg Larsson lived together from 1974 until his death in 2004. Larsson was one of the foremost experts in Sweden on anti-democratic, extreme right-wing, and neo-Nazi movements. Gabrielsson says she and Larsson never married because he had believed his anti-fascist work could have put her at risk if there was a paper trail linking them legally or financially. Because they were never married and Larsson died without leaving a will, his estate went to his father and brother, in accordance with Swedish law. Larsson was somewhat estranged from his father Erland and his brother Joakim because nine years of his childhood were spent happily living with his grandparents in the northern country of Sweden. \u201cIt is as if my identity has been erased. It\u2019s like being dispossessed,\u201d Gabrielsson said to a reporter in 2010. Since shortly after his death, Gabrielsson has been negotiating with Joakim and Erland Larsson over control of Larsson's work. At one point, Larsson's father and brother offered Gabrielsson roughly $3.3 million, but she continues to fight for the literary rights of Larsson's work. One source interviewed a friend who said that Gabrielsson \"will not be bought\". Gabrielsson's memoir, \"\"There Are Things I Want You to Know\" About Stieg Larsson and Me\", chronicles their life together and puts Larsson's often chaotic life into context.", "Larsson returned to Fed Cup in 2007, losing to Ma\u0161a Zec Pe\u0161kiri\u010d and beating Vojislava Luki\u0107 and Naomi Cavaday, both ranked in the top 300, giving Sweden 9th place. 2008 was Johanna Larsson's breakthrough year, winning two $25,000 ITF events in Stockholm and in Sutton. She also made her Grand Slam debut at the French Open where she made the second qualifying round. Larsson went on to make the second qualifying round at Wimbledon and the US Open final qualifying round. In September, Larsson also captured the $75,000 Shrewsbury doubles event. Larsson ended the season playing Swedish team tennis for Helsingborg alongside Sofia Arvidsson. Larsson began the year at the Australian Open, where she lost in the first qualifying round. She was included in the 2009 Swedish Fed Cup team, along with Sofia Arvidsson, Sandra Roma and Ellen Allgurin. Larsson recorded a 3\u20131 singles win-loss record (including a win over top-70 player Monica Niculescu), and a 2\u20131 doubles win-loss ratio. After the Fed Cup, Larsson travelled to South America to play qualifying in two WTA events. In Bogot\u00e1 Larsson had three wins in qualifying taking her into the main draw, where she lost to Carla Su\u00e1rez Navarro. In her next tournament in Acapulco, Larsson was forced to retire with a knee injury while trailing top seed \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay one set down. A series of $25,000 ITF clay tournaments saw Larsson reach two finals, a semi- and a quarterfinal. Larsson took the singles and doubles titles at the $50,000 event in Barnstaple, her best singles result in her career so far.", "Sam Larsson Sam Andreas Larsson (born 10 April 1993) is a Swedish footballer who plays as a winger for Feyenoord in the Eredivisie. He is the younger brother of fellow professional footballer Daniel Larsson. Born in Gothenburg, Sam Larsson made his first start in the Swedish top-flight, Allsvenskan for IFK G\u00f6teborg in March 2013, in a game against local rivals BK H\u00e4cken. By scoring once and assisting two more in a 3\u20130 win, Larsson quickly made his way to the headlines, with manager Mikael Stahre describing him as a \"Swedish Brazilian\", he furthermore earned himself the nickname \"Samba-Sam\", due to his impressive skills on the ball and unpredictable moves. After a successful first season, Larsson made further progress during the following year, gaining much praise for his creative play and taking on a larger role in leading his team on the attack. On 12 August 2014, IFK G\u00f6teborg announced the transfer of Larsson to Dutch side Heerenveen. On 23 August, Larsson played his first league game for his new club, a game in which he scored once to settle a 2\u20130 win over SBV Excelsior. After an injury-plagued first period, Larsson started to achieve much praise for his performances, including comparisons being drawn by Heerenveen manager Dwight Lodeweges between Larsson and Argentinian star Lionel Messi. Heerenveen ended the season in 7th place in the Eredevisie, with Larsson scoring eight and assisting to four goals in 25 games. In his second season with Heerenveen the club experienced a struggling period, finding themselves in the lower half of the table."], "answer": {"text": "Larsson tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in his left knee.", "answer_start": 585}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened when the contract was over?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#3", "question": "How long did the injury keep him out?", "rewrite": "How long did Larrson's injury keep him out?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pete Hamill Pete Hamill (; born June 24, 1935) is an American journalist, novelist, essayist, editor and educator. Widely traveled and having written on a broad range of topics, he is perhaps best known for his career as a New York City journalist, as \"the author of columns that sought to capture the particular flavors of New York City's politics and sports and the particular pathos of its crime. \" Hamill was a columnist and editor for the \"New York Post\" and \"The New York Daily News\". The eldest of seven children of Catholic immigrants from Belfast, Northern Ireland, Pete Hamill was born in the Park Slope section of Brooklyn. His father, Billy Hamill, lost a leg as the result of an injury in a semi-pro soccer game in Brooklyn. Hamill's mother, Anne Devlin, a high school graduate in Belfast, arrived in New York on the day the stock market crashed in 1929. Billy Hamill met Anne Devlin in 1933 and they married the following year. Billy Hamill had jobs as a grocery clerk, in a war plant, and later in a factory producing lighting fixtures. Anne Hamill was employed in Wanamaker's department store, and also worked as a domestic, a nurses' aide, and a cashier in the RKO movie chain. Hamill's brother Denis also became a columnist for the \"Daily News\". Hamill attended Holy Name of Jesus grammar school and delivered the \"Brooklyn Daily Eagle\" when he was 11. In 1949, Hamill attended the prestigious Regis High School in Manhattan, but left school when he was 15 to work as an apprentice sheet metal worker in the Brooklyn Navy Yard; 59 years later, in June 2010, Regis awarded him an honorary diploma. Inspired especially by the work of Milton Caniff, he was set on becoming a comic book artist.", "Shortly after returning to live in her family home in Rathfarnham the entire family was seized by the military, having been informed on by a neighbor. Her importance and central role in the conspiracy was noted and Anne was interrogated in Dublin Castle by Henry Charles Sirr, Chief of Police in Dublin and arrestor of Lord Edward Fitzgerald. She refused bribes and resisted threats to inform on Emmet. She was then sent to Kilmainham jail and further interrogated where Emmet himself urged her to inform on him to save herself as he was already doomed. She was kept in squalid conditions and subjected to brutal treatment but consistently refused to cooperate despite her entire family being jailed in an effort to break her, which resulted in the death of her nine-year-old brother from illness brought on by the conditions of his confinement. She was eventually released in 1806 and later married William Campbell in 1811, having four children. Although financially supported by sympathisers for a number of years following her release, she ended her days in poverty, and died in obscurity in the Liberties area of Dublin in 1851. She is buried in Glasnevin Cemetery in a grave she was moved to by historian R.R. Madden and friends in 1852. There is now a large Celtic cross on her grave, and the grave is in the care of the National Graves Association. Anne's husband William remains buried in the original grave which Anne purchased on his death in 1846. There has been a memorial service held for Anne Devlin in St. Catherine's Church, Meath Street, Dublin every year since 2005, on a Sunday near the date of her death, organised by M\u00edche\u00e1l \u00d3 Doibhil\u00edn originally and now continued by Cuimhn\u00ed Anne Devlin. It starred Bosco Hogan as Robert Emmet and Brid Brennan as Anne Devlin.", "Anne Devlin (film) Anne Devlin is a 1984 Irish drama film directed by Pat Murphy. It was entered into the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Anne Devlin Anne Devlin (1780 \u2013 September 1, 1851) was an Irish republican famous for her involvement with the United Irishmen, and enduring terrible conditions, as well as torture, when imprisoned by the British authorities. She acted as housekeeper to Robert Emmet and who was also a cousin of two leading United Irish rebels, Michael Dwyer and Arthur Devlin. Devlin was born in Rathdrum County Wicklow to a family of long-standing nationalist views, but despite this was asked to move to Dublin to live with her landlord\u2019s sister-in-law following the latter's marriage. Following the outbreak of the rebellion of 1798, her family home was often raided and many of her family members imprisoned. After the acquittal and release from Wicklow Gaol of her father in 1800, her family moved to Rathfarnham, Co. Dublin, where she met Robert Emmet who was leasing a house in nearby Butterfield Lane from where he was planning his intended uprising. The constant coming and going of men and materials from the house worried Emmet who feared that the activity might arouse the suspicions of the authorities. As a consequence, Anne's father Bryan was approached by Emmet for help and he suggested Anne's sister would act as housekeeper in order to convey an impression of normality. But she was too timid so Anne volunteered instead. Although the ruse proved successful and the rising seemed to have taken the authorities by surprise, the lack of support among the people and some confusion in the rebel ranks led to its collapse and disintegration into a night of bloody street clashes. Shortly after the rising was quashed, a party of yeomen arrived at Butterfield Lane seizing Anne and her eight-year-old sister. Anne was interrogated, including the use of half-hanging but, finding out little of consequence, the yeomen eventually departed.", "Fabric (play)  Fabric, written by playwright Henry Ong, is the only known dramatization of the 1995 El Monte Thai Garment Slavery Case. It was produced by the Company of Angels in 2010, in partnership with the Thai Community Development Center to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the landmark case. This year (2015), it will be reprised and presented at the Pasadena Playhouse as part of a month-long celebration of the 20th anniversary of the case. On August 2, 1995 in El Monte, California, 72 Thai nationals were discovered working and living in an apartment complex ringed with barbed wire and spiked fences, sewing clothes for major retailers and manufacturers. Some of the captives had been held for as long as seven years by the leader of a human trafficking ring, \u201cAuntie Suni.\u201d The story made national and international headlines as the first case of modern-day slavery since the abolishment of slavery in the United States. Playwright Henry Ong, upon reading an account of the raid in the Los Angeles Times, contacted Chanchanit Martorell, Executive Director of the Thai Community Development Center. Martorell agreed to put Ong in touch with the people involved in the case, including the Thai garment workers. Ong received a City of Los Angeles Cultural Affairs Department grant to write the play. In addition to interviews with the principal players, Ong did extensive research and visited the Smithsonian Institution that created an exhibit on the history of garment workers to collect additional data and information. He developed the play over the years through workshops and readings. Singapore Repertory Theatre staged \"Fabric\" in a world premiere in 2000. This was followed by a production by Nomad Theater in Surrey, England the next year. Company of Angels produced it in 2010, in association with Thai Community Development Center, in commemoration of the 15th anniversary of the Thai garment workers slavery case. The play interweaves two stories."], "answer": {"text": "Despite his injury-hit 2004-05 season, playing only 16 games, Barcelona took the option to extend his contract.", "answer_start": 666}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened when the contract was over?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the injury?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in his left knee.", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#4", "question": "How long was his contract extended?", "rewrite": "How long was Larrson's contract to Barcelona extended?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["From his years in Spain, Alves acquired Spanish citizenship, thus allowing him to bypass any non-EU quota restrictions and exempting him from needing a work permit to play in any EU countries. On 1 August 2007, Alves told SporTV he wanted to leave Sevilla for a European giant, later reiterating his desire to leave Sevilla to \"Marca\", saying he was flattered by Chelsea's interest and that he could never turn down such an opportunity. In an interview with Antena 3 on 8 August, Alves confirmed his agent had been in England for some time handling Chelsea's offer, urging Sevilla to at least consider the offer. On 16 August 2007, Sevilla rejected an unspecified Chelsea bid and, six days later, rejected another two bids from Chelsea, considering them to be \"way below what was expected\". Alves later revealed his dismay with Sevilla club president Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda del Nido for having knocked back Chelsea's offers for his services after his move to Stamford Bridge collapsed, with Chelsea signing fellow Brazilian full back Juliano Belletti for a much lower fee. After a public war of words between Alves and Del Nido, as well as the death of teammate Antonio Puerta, Alves decided to stay with Sevilla, with player and president ostensibly reconciled. On 2 July 2008, Alves joined Barcelona, leaving Sevilla in tears and saying he would love to play for the club again. He said he came to Sevilla as a boy and was leaving as a man. The official price of the transfer stood at \u00a323 million up-front, with approximately \u00a37 million more depending on a number of performance-related factors over the next few seasons of Alves' Barcelona career, making him one of the most expensive defenders in history and the third-most expensive player bought by \"Bar\u00e7a\".", "Both tracks connect with the track of a high-speed line that is appropriate to their direction of operation at the grade-separated Rollenberg junction. The connecting curve also passes above the Bruchsal\u2013Odenheim line, Federal Highway B 3 and district road 3585. About 950,000 cubic meters of material were used for the line\u2019s embankment. It was extracted from the Rollenberg Tunnel and its approach cutting. The single-track Bruchsal connecting curve runs from Bruchsal Nord junction (abbreviation: RBRR) northeast from the route from Karlsruhe and Bruchsal. South of the tracks of the high-speed line it connects with the southern track of the two tracks from Ubstadt curve. The curve runs above the B 3 and crosses the tracks of the Bruchsal\u2013Odenheim line at grade. It cuts the Bruchsal district landfill in half. At the northwest portal of the Rollenberg tunnels there are five tracks near the portal that join to form three tracks: the two tracks of high-speed line and the track lying to the south-west coming from Bruchsal and Heidelberg. Inside the tunnel the third track runs a short distance before connecting to the other tracks. This northwest portal of the Rollenberg Tunnel is the only railway tunnel portal in Germany with three tracks. With a cross section of 210 square metres, it is also has one of the largest cross-sections of tunnel portals on German high-speed lines. The Ubstadt connecting curve is passable at 160 km/h and was built between 1984 and 1988. It is up built on an embankment, which is up to 24 metres high and 180 metres wide, containing 950,000 cubic metres of earth, won from the Rollenberg Tunnel and its approach cutting. Construction costs were about DM 39 million (1986 prices), equivalent to about \u20ac20 million.", "In their first European road game of the season, the Fire lost 11\u20136 to the Barcelona Dragons at Montjuic Stadium in Spain. The Dragons scored their first points on the first offensive play of the game when Eric Lindstrom tackled Elroy Harris in the endzone for a safety and a 2\u20130 lead. In the second quarter Barcelona extended their lead to 8\u20130 after Lydell Carr scored on a three-yard touchdown run to complete an 89-yard drive. After a scoreless third quarter, Birmingham cut the Barcelona lead to 8\u20136 when Eric Jones threw a 42-yard touchdown pass to Stacey Mobley. Massimo Manca then provided for the final margin with his 26-yard field goal for the Dragons late in the game. In the game, Barcelona quarterback Tony Rice completed 20 of 25 passes for 354 yards passing. The loss brought the Fire's record to 3\u20134. In their second consecutive European road game of the season, the Fire lost 10\u20133 to the Frankfurt Galaxy at Waldstadion in Germany. After a scoreless first quarter, Win Lyle converted a 43-yard field goal for the Fire and Tom Whelihan converted from 32-yards for the Galaxy for a 3\u20133 tie at halftime. The game-winning touchdown for Frankfurt was scored in the third quarter on a two-yard Tony Baker run. The loss brought the Fire's record to 3\u20135. In what was their final regular season home game, the Fire defeated the New York/New Jersey Knights 24\u201314 at Legion Field. Birmingham took a 10\u20130 lead into halftime after Arthur Hunter intercepted a Jeff Graham pass and returned it 37-yards for a touchdown in the first and Win Lyle converted a 20-yard field goal in the second quarter.", "and with Iraq \u2014 has resulted in exhibits always being displayed bilingually, in both English and Arabic. It contains important artifacts from the over 5,000-year-long history of Mesopotamia in 28 galleries and vaults. The collections of The Iraq Museum include art and artifacts from ancient Sumerian, Babylonian, Akkadian and Assyrian civilizations. The museum also has galleries devoted to collections of both pre-Islamic and Islamic Arabian art and artifacts. Of its many noteworthy collections, the Nimrud gold collection\u2014which features gold jewelry and figures of precious stone that date to the 9th century bce\u2014and the collection of stone carvings and cuneiform tablets from Uruk are exceptional. The Uruk treasures date to between 3500 and 3000 BCE. In the months preceding the 2003 Iraq war, starting in December and January, various antiquities experts, including representatives from the American Council for Cultural Policy asked the Pentagon and the UK government to ensure the museum's safety from both combat and looting. But no promises were made, and fortunately the U.S. forces did not bomb the site, despite them bombing a number of uninhabited Iraqi archeological sites. On April 9, 2003 the last of the museum curators and staff left the museum. Iraqi forces engaged U.S. forces a few blocks away, as well as the nearby Special Republican Guard compound. Lt. Col. Eric Schwartz of the U.S. third Infantry Division declared in an inconceivable statement that he \"was unable to enter the compound and secure it since they attempted to avoid returning fire at the building. Sniper positions, discarded ammunition, and 15 Iraqi Army uniforms were later discovered in the building\".", "Prior to the final, United manager Alex Ferguson identified Iniesta as Bar\u00e7a's biggest threat: \" He's fantastic. He makes the team work. The way he finds passes, his movement and ability to create space is incredible. He's so important for Barcelona. \" Despite a thigh injury, Iniesta played and was influential in the game, providing the assist for the first goal scored by Samuel Eto'o as his team went on to win 2\u20130. In his analysis, David Pleat wrote, \"In the end the midfield artistry of Iniesta and Xavi, helped by <nowiki>[Lionel]</nowiki > Messi, was the critical factor.\" After the game, United striker Wayne Rooney described Iniesta as the best player in the world. Iniesta received plaudits for his performances that season; \"Don Bal\u00f3n\" rated him as the league's most consistent performer. Later that year, he placed fifth for the 2009 FIFA World Player of the Year award, with 134 votes, and fourth for the Ballon d'Or, receiving 149 points. Barcelona extended his contract by one year, until 2015, and raised his buy-out clause to \u20ac200 million. Barcelona won a second successive league title in the 2009\u201310 season, securing a record 99 points. Individually, however, Iniesta endured a campaign largely disrupted by recurring injuries. He missed pre-season fitness training due to the thigh tear suffered in the 2009 Champions League final. Despite featuring in almost as many matches as the previous season, he did so mostly as a substitute, starting only 20 games throughout. His season came to a premature end in April after he aggravated a previous calf injury during training."], "answer": {"text": "In December 2005, Larsson announced that at the end of his contract, which ended in July,", "answer_start": 778}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened when the contract was over?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the injury?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in his left knee.", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the injury keep him out?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his injury-hit 2004-05 season, playing only 16 games, Barcelona took the option to extend his contract.", "answer_start": 666, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#5", "question": "Where did he go when the contract ended in July?", "rewrite": "Where did Larrson go when the contract with Barcelona ended in July?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1997\u201398 FC Barcelona season FC Barcelona returned to its previous glorious league ways under the guidance of new coach Louis van Gaal. The highly rated coach, hired from Ajax Amsterdam, brought lethal striker Sonny Anderson and the attacking midfielder Rivaldo with him. But surprisedly Barcelona sold Ronaldo to Inter Milan just before season begin and thus handed Sonny Anderson as main striker. He introduced Barcelona to his marvelous 4-3-3 formation, in which Rivaldo was a perfect centre forward, scoring 20 goals in the league. Under van Gaal at helm on his first season, Barcelona won their 15th La Liga title, 2nd European Super Cup title as well as 24th Copa del Rey title (thus winning their domestic double) but Barcelona crashed out of the UEFA Champions League, following a lackluster performance in the First Group Phase. In fact, Barcelona ended up last in the group, and was not even qualifying for the remainder of the UEFA Cup, contributing only single victory, two draws and three defeats and thus preventing Barcelona's first treble glory. Barcelona had a marvelous second half of the season, in which it kept pace with La Liga championship leaders Real Madrid, then passing the Madrids when they had a couple of slips. In the end, a win in the 36th round was more than enough to clinch Barcelona's first league title for four years.", "Barcelona 1\u20131 Atl\u00e9tico Madrid (May 2014) The Barcelona vs Atl\u00e9tico Madrid football match that took place on 17 May 2014 at the Nou Camp in Barcelona, Spain, was played during the 38th and therefore last round of the 2013\u201314 La Liga season. Atl\u00e9tico and Barcelona came into the match occupying the top two positions in the league, separated by just three points, and thus both teams could still claim the title. It was the first time since 1951 and just the third time in league history the La Liga title came down to a head-to-head match on the final weekend of play. Atl\u00e9tico Madrid earned the point that won them their first league title in 18 years, and their tenth overall. In the 36th round of La Liga, Atl\u00e9tico lost 0\u20132 to Levante at Estadi Ciutat de Val\u00e8ncia while Barcelona and Real Madrid only earned one point in their home games against Getafe and Valencia respectively. With two weeks to play, Atl\u00e9tico led the table with a 3-point advantage over Barcelona and one point more over Real Madrid. After these results, Atl\u00e9tico could have won the league in the 37th and penultimate round if they earned one more point than Barcelona and Real. In this round, Atl\u00e9tico had a home tie against M\u00e1laga while Barcelona visited relegation-threatened Elche and Real Madrid played at Bala\u00eddos against Celta Vigo. Despite both Barcelona and Real Madrid failing to win their respective games (Barcelona ended 0\u20130 and Real lost their options to win the league by losing 0\u20132), Atl\u00e9tico could not win the title at home as they only could earn one point after a 1\u20131 draw. These results meant that the title would be decided in a head-to-head game at Camp Nou between Barcelona and Atl\u00e9tico, with Atl\u00e9tico having the advantage with a 3-point lead.", "On 11 May 2013, Barcelona were crowned as the Spanish football champions for the 22nd time, still with four games left to play. Ultimately, Barcelona ended the season 15 points clear of rivals Real Madrid, despite losing 2\u20131 to them at the beginning of March. They reached the semi-final stage of both the Copa del Rey and the Champions League, going out to Real Madrid and Bayern Munich respectively. On 19 July, it was announced that Vilanova was resigning as Barcelona manager because his throat cancer had returned, and he would be receiving treatment for the second time after a three-month medical leave in December 2012. On 22 July 2013, Gerardo \"Tata\" Martino was confirmed as manager of Barcelona for the 2013\u201314 season. Barcelona's first official games under Martino were the home and away legs of the 2013 Supercopa de Espa\u00f1a, which Bar\u00e7a won 1\u20131 on away goals. On 23 January 2014, Sandro Rosell resigned as president by the admissibility of the complaint for alleged misappropriation following the transfer of Neymar. Josep Maria Bartomeu replaced him to finish the term in 2016. On 17 May, in a game where they needed to defeat Atl\u00e9tico Madrid (who had eliminated them from the Champions League in the quarter-finals earlier in the year) to be crowned champions of La Liga for the 23rd time, they drew after Atl\u00e9tico defender Diego God\u00edn headed in the equaliser in the 49th minute, giving Atl\u00e9tico the championship. Barcelona won the treble in the 2014\u201315 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atl\u00e9tico Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years.", "Xavi began the 2011\u201312 season in fine goalscoring form and seemed to grow in his influence of the team despite the long-anticipated return of Cesc F\u00e0bregas and the promotion of Thiago to create added competition for places in \"Bar\u00e7a\"'s attacking midfield positions. On 18 December, in the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup Final in Yokohama, Barcelona won 4\u20130 against Brazilian side Santos as Xavi scored a goal and made an assist to Lionel Messi. After the ball was slightly behind him, Xavi brought the ball down with a cocked leg, effectively using his ankle to control it, before slipping a pass through to Messi, who scored the first goal. Xavi scored the winning goal in the Group H game against Milan, a vital match for Barcelona's progression in the UEFA Champions League. In total, Xavi had the best goalscoring return of his career in 2011\u201312 season with ten Liga goals, two in the Copa del Rey \u2013 which Barcelona won \u2013 and one in the Club World Cup final win. On 18 December 2012, Barcelona renewed Xavi\u2019s contract, extending it until 30 June 2016. He scored a goal against Real Madrid in a 3\u20132 win for Barcelona. Xavi was named in the FIFA World XI, along with teammates Iniesta, Messi and Dani Alves. Barcelona had virtually secured their La Liga title by the start of 2013, eventually equalling Real Madrid's 100-point record of the previous season. On 16 January 2014, Xavi made his 700th appearance for the first team against Getafe in the Copa del Rey. For the first time in five years, Barcelona ended the season without a major trophy; they were defeated in the Copa del Rey final by Real Madrid with Gareth Bale scoring a late winner, and lost the league in the last game to Atl\u00e9tico Madrid.", "Simultaneum  A shared church, or Simultankirche, simultaneum or, more fully, simultaneum mixtum, a term first coined in 16th-century Germany, is a church in which public worship is conducted by adherents of two or more religious groups. Such churches became common in the German-speaking lands of Europe in the wake of the Protestant Reformation. The different Christian denominations (such as Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, or United, etc.), share the same church building, although they worship at different times and with different clergy. It is thus a form of religious toleration. \"Simultaneum\" as a policy was particularly attractive to rulers who ruled over populations which contained considerable numbers of both Catholics and Protestants. It was often the opposite of \"cuius regio, eius religio\" and used in situations where a ruler was of a different religion than the majority of the people, and not strong enough to impose his religion on the population. During the Nine Years' War (1688\u20131697), Louis XIV of France occupied the Electorate of the Palatinate, a Protestant region situated mainly in the western part of what is today Germany, where he introduced the \"simultaneum\". At the end of the war the region returned to Protestant control, but a last-minute addition to the Treaty of Ryswick provided for a continuation of the \"simultaneum\". Although intended to apply only to the Palatinate, the \"simultaneum\" was subsequently also applied in portions of Protestant Alsace (a region ruled by France, but where the Edict of Fontainebleau was not enforced). The main traditional pilgrim churches of Jerusalem and Bethlehem are shared between several denominations."], "answer": {"text": "July, he would leave Barcelona and return to Sweden to end his career.", "answer_start": 862}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened when the contract was over?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the injury?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in his left knee.", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the injury keep him out?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his injury-hit 2004-05 season, playing only 16 games, Barcelona took the option to extend his contract.", "answer_start": 666, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was his contract extended?", "answer": {"text": "In December 2005, Larsson announced that at the end of his contract, which ended in July,", "answer_start": 778, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#6", "question": "Did he win any awards before leaving Barcelona?", "rewrite": "Did Larrson win any awards before leaving Barcelona?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After retiring as a player, he was appointed manager of Barcelona by the club president, Joan Gamper, and made his managerial debut on 7 July 1917 in a 3\u20131 win over CE Europa. He would eventually take charge of the club for 492 games and coached the club during their first \"golden age\". He survived early calls for his resignation after experimenting with Alc\u00e1ntara as a defender and went on to lead the club to four Campionats de Catalunya and two Copas del Rey. As well as Alc\u00e1ntara, the Bar\u00e7a team under Greenwell also included Sagibarba, Ricardo Zamora, Josep Samitier, F\u00e9lix Ses\u00famaga and Franz Platko. At Barcelona, Greenwell was noted for his innovative approach to tactics, focussing on developing a passing game and building attacks from the back rather than concentrating on dribbling past opponents. After leaving Barcelona in 1923 Greenwell went on to manage their local rivals RCD Espa\u00f1ol. In 1928 he led them into the inaugural La Liga, but the club only managed to finish seventh. However, Espa\u00f1ol made up for their disappointing league form by winning both the Campionat de Catalunya and their first ever Copa del Rey in 1929. With a team that included Ricardo Zamora and Ricardo Saprissa, Greenwell guided Espa\u00f1ol through the early rounds, beating Sporting de Gij\u00f3n and Arenas Club de Getxo. In the quarter finals they beat Athletic Madrid 9-3 on aggregate before beating eventual La Liga champions Barcelona 3-1 in the semi-finals and Real Madrid 2-1 in the final. Greenwell remained in charge of Espa\u00f1ol for one more season but failed to win another trophy. Greenwell returned to Barcelona for two further seasons in 1931, and guided the club to a fifth Campionat de Catalunya in 1931\u201332.", "Clemente Gr\u00e0cia Bosch Josep-Clemente Gr\u00e0cia (5 February 1897 \u2013 6 March 1981), known as Grace, was a Spanish Catalan footballer who played as a forward and out as header during a career which lasted from 1917 to 1926. In the midst of his years (1919\u201326) as a member of FC Barcelona, he achieved a record, during the 1921\u201322 season, which has remained unbroken into 2010 \u2014 the most goals (59) scored by a player in a season. A native of Barcelona, Clemente Gr\u00e0cia began his career at Terrassa FC. In the 1917-1918 season he was top scorer for RCD Espanyol, who undefeated won the Copa Catalunya. In 1919 with Ricardo Zamora, he left the club to join FC Barcelona. With Vicente Piera, Paulino Alc\u00e1ntara and Emilio Sagi Barba, he formed one of the best front considered Barcelona's history. His best season was 1921-1922, where he won the Copa Catalunya and the Copa del Rey, scoring one of five goals for his team in the final against Real Union. That season he was the team's top scorer with 59 goals (35 goals in friendly matches, 19 in the Championship of Catalonia and 5 in the Championship of Spain) in 50 games, a record that still stands. He played for FC Barcelona for five years, and won five Copa Catalunya: 1919, 1920, 1921,1922 and 1924, and two Copa del Rey (1920 and 1992). In total, he scored 161 goals in 151 games for Barcelona, scoring an average of more than one goal per game. After leaving Barcelona in 1924, he again played for Terrassa FC and then later for FC Martinenc. Professionally, it was official Guardia Urbana de Barcelona.", "Alves, Lionel Messi, Andr\u00e9s Iniesta, Xavi, Gerard Piqu\u00e9, Pedro and Sergio Busquets are the only players to have been a part of both treble-winning teams. On 9 June 2015, Alves signed a two-year contract with Barcelona, keeping him at the club until 30 June 2017, with the option to extend a further year. After Barcelona were eliminated by compatriots Atl\u00e9tico Madrid in the quarter-finals of the 2015\u201316 UEFA Champions League, Alves recorded a \"bizarre\" video in which he impersonated his wife consoling him for the defeat, and posted it on Instagram; manager Luis Enrique subsequently dropped him from the following match against Valencia. On 2 June 2016, Roberto Fern\u00e1ndez, Barcelona's technical secretary, announced Alves was leaving Barcelona that summer after eight years. Although under contract until 30 June 2017, Barcelona allowed Alves to leave prematurely on a free transfer. On 27 June 2016, Juventus announced the signing of Alves on a two-year deal with the option of a third year. He made his Juventus debut on 20 August in a 2\u20131 home win over Fiorentina in Serie A. On 21 September, Alves scored his first goal with Juventus in a 4\u20130 home win over Cagliari, before opening his Champions League account with the club against Dinamo Zagreb six days later. On 27 November, he suffered a broken leg in Juventus' 3\u20131 defeat to Genoa. Alves made his return from injury as a substitute in a 1\u20130 \"Derby d'Italia\" win over Internazionale on 5 February 2017. On 9 May 2017, Alves scored once and assisted a goal for Mario Mand\u017euki\u0107 as Juventus defeated Monaco 2\u20131 to qualify for the 2017 Champions League final.", "They weren't able to defend their league, however, as they finished 3 points behind Real Madrid. Their last loss during that league season was a 0\u20132 away defeat to M\u00e1laga. Barcelona's campaign in Europe was a different story. Their first game in the 2016\u201317 UEFA Champions League was a 7\u20130 thrashing of Celtic in the group stage; three of those goals came from Lionel Messi. Barcelona finished at the top of the group with 15 points, and their only loss in the group stage was a 1\u20133 loss to Pep Guardiola's Manchester City at the Etihad Stadium. In the round of 16, Barcelona was drawn against French club, Paris-Saint Germain. In the first leg, they shocking lost 4\u20130 at the Parc des Princes in France. More shocking, in the second leg, Barcelona won 6\u20131 against the French outfit, meaning the Catalan club won 6\u20135 on aggregate and progressed to the quarterfinals. The match was dubbed by the Spanish media and FC Barcelona fans as \"\"La Remontada\"\" (Spanish for \"The Comeback\"). Despite this, Barcelona were knocked out in the quarter-finals by Juventus, losing 0\u20133 on aggregate following a 0\u20130 draw at the Camp Nou. On 1 March 2017, Luis Enrique announced that he would be leaving Barcelona at the end of that season following their 6\u20131 win against Sporting Gij\u00f3n. On 29 May 2017, FC Barcelona announced that Ernesto Valverde would be the new manager of the club. Luis Henrique wasn't the only significant person to leave Barcelona during the summer of 2017. Brazilian star, Neymar, who scored 2 goals against Paris Saint-Germain during their 6\u20131 \"remontada\", left for the French side for a world record \u20ac222 million fee.", "During the first \"Cl\u00e1sico\" of the 2015\u201316 season, on 21 November, Iniesta became only the third Barcelona player, after Diego Maradona in 1983 and Ronaldinho in 2005, to receive applause from Real Madrid fans at the Santiago Bernab\u00e9u. His man-of-the-match performance included a goal and an assist, contributing to a resounding 4\u20130 victory. He signed a lifetime contract with Barcelona on 6 October 2017, effectively keeping him with the club for the remainder of his career. He played the 650th game of his career for Barcelona against Levante on 7 January 2018, he was replaced by Andr\u00e9 Gomes after 76 minutes as the game ended 3\u20130 in favour of Barcelona. Despite signing a lifetime contract, on 27 April 2018, Iniesta announced he would be leaving Barcelona by the end of the season. He made his 674th and final appearance for Barcelona on 20 May, in the final league match of the season, a 1\u20130 home victory over Real Sociedad, as Barcelona celebrated the victory of their 25th league and 30th Copa del Rey title; he came off in the 81st minute for Paco Alc\u00e1cer. On 24 May 2018, Japanese club Vissel Kobe announced the signing of Iniesta on a three-year deal. He made his debut on 22 July, coming on as a second-half substitute for Kazuma Watanabe in a 0\u20133 defeat against Shonan Bellmare. Iniesta burst on to the international scene in 2001, helping Spain win the UEFA European Under-16 Championship. After representing his country at the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Championship held in Trinidad and Tobago, he was in the squad that claimed the UEFA European Under-19 Championship the following year. From then, he became a regular choice for youth coach Juan Santisteban."], "answer": {"text": "In Larsson's final match for Barcelona, his substitute introduction was pivotal to win the 2006 Champions League final.", "answer_start": 1115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened when the contract was over?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the injury?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in his left knee.", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the injury keep him out?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his injury-hit 2004-05 season, playing only 16 games, Barcelona took the option to extend his contract.", "answer_start": 666, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was his contract extended?", "answer": {"text": "In December 2005, Larsson announced that at the end of his contract, which ended in July,", "answer_start": 778, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go when the contract ended in July?", "answer": {"text": "July, he would leave Barcelona and return to Sweden to end his career.", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44b9086cb6534620ae4ed87e873edfb4_1_q#7", "question": "What did he do after they won the League final?", "rewrite": "What did Larrson do after Barcelona won the League final?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2015 UEFA Champions League Final The 2015 UEFA Champions League Final was the final match of the 2014\u201315 UEFA Champions League, the 60th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 23rd season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the Olympiastadion in Berlin, Germany, on 6 June 2015, between Italian side Juventus and Spanish side Barcelona. For the second time \u2013 after 2010 \u2013 both teams came into the final with the possibility of winning a treble, having each won their national league and cup for the season. Barcelona scored the only goal of the first half after four minutes, through Ivan Rakiti\u0107. Ten minutes after the interval, Juventus equalised with a goal by \u00c1lvaro Morata. In the 68th minute, Luis Su\u00e1rez put Barcelona back in the lead, and the final score of 3\u20131 was confirmed when Neymar scored with the last kick of the game. It was Barcelona's fifth trophy in the competition, and sealed their second treble, the other coming in 2009. It was also Juventus' sixth defeat in a European Cup final, the most by any club, a record they previously shared with Bayern Munich and Benfica. As winners, Barcelona earned the right to play against the winners of the 2014\u201315 UEFA Europa League, Sevilla, in the 2015 UEFA Super Cup, and won that match 5\u20134. They also qualified to enter the 2015 FIFA Club World Cup in Japan as the UEFA representative, going on to beat Argentina's River Plate in the final. The Olympiastadion was announced as the venue for the final at the UEFA Executive Committee meeting in London on 23 May 2013. This was the first European Cup/Champions League final hosted in Berlin. The current Olympiastadion was built for the 1936 Summer Olympics in the western part of the city.", "2010 Promotional League Final The 2010 Promotional League Final was the Final event of the 2010 FEI Nations Cup Promotional League and the second Promotional League Final ever. It was held in Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain) on September 19, 2010 at 5:00 pm during the 2010 CSIO Barcelona. A \u20ac90,000 purse was offered at this CSIO 5 * competition, with each of the eight competing teams receiving a share. The qualified teams of the 2010 Promotional League Final are: The teams of Australia, Greece and the United Arab Emirates didn't start in the 2010 Promotional League Final. Because they didn't start, (eight-placed nation of the Promotional League Europe) have the chance to start in the final. Also as host nation start in the 2010 Promotional League Final (Spain have no chance to move up to the 2011 Meydan FEI Nations Cup). The best-placed team of this competition, Denmark, move into the 2011 Meydan FEI Nations Cup.", "2011 Promotional League Final The 2011 Promotional League Final, the third Promotional League Final, was held in Barcelona, Spain, on September 25, 2011 at 3:30 pm during the 2011 CSIO Barcelona (CSIO 5*). It was the 100th time a horse show is held at Barcelona, first time in 1902. A purse of \u20ac 90,000 was offered at the Promotional League Final, with each of the seven competing teams receiving a share. The qualified teams of the 2011 Promotional League Final was: The team of Turkey didn't start in the 2011 Promotional League Final. Because they didn't start, (fifth-placed nation of the Challengers League) had the chance to start in the final. The best-placed team of this competition, Sweden, move into the 2012 FEI Nations Cup. Also Switzerland was promoted to the 2012 FEI Nations Cup because of their victory in the 2011 European Promotional League (best team after six competitions).", "After Sacchi left Milan in 1991, he was replaced by the club's former player Fabio Capello whose team won three consecutive Serie A titles between 1992 and 1994, a spell which included a 58-match unbeaten run in Serie A (which earned the team the label \"the Invincibles\"), and back-to-back UEFA Champions League final appearances in 1993, 1994 and 1995. A year after losing 1\u20130 to Marseille in the 1993 Champions League final, Capello's team reached its peak in one of Milan's most memorable matches of all time, the famous 4\u20130 win over Barcelona in the 1994 Champions League final. Capello's side went on to win the 1995\u201396 league title before he left to manage Real Madrid in 1996. In 1998\u201399, after a two-year period of decline, Milan lifted its 16th championship in the club's centenary season. Milan's next period of success came under another former player, Carlo Ancelotti. After his appointment in November 2001, Ancelotti took Milan to the 2003 Champions League final, where they defeated Juventus on penalties to win the club's sixth European Cup. The team then won the Scudetto in 2003\u201304 before reaching the 2005 Champions League final, where they were beaten by Liverpool on penalties despite leading 3\u20130 at half-time. Two years later, the two teams met again in the 2007 Champions League final, with Milan winning 2\u20131 to lift the title for a seventh time. The team then won its first FIFA Club World Cup in December 2007. In 2009, after becoming Milan's second longest serving manager with 420 matches overseen, Ancelotti left the club to take over as manager at Chelsea. During this period, the club was involved in the Calciopoli scandal, where five teams were accused of fixing matches by selecting favourable referees.", "He signed a four-year contract with Barcelona, which included a buy-out clause of \u20ac90 million. Alves made his competitive and European debuts for Barcelona against Wis\u0142a Krak\u00f3w in the 2008\u201309 UEFA Champions League third-round qualifiers on 13 August 2008. He made his La Liga debut in the Liga season-opener away to Numancia on 31 August 2008. Later on in his debut season, he missed the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final due to a yellow-card suspension, although Barcelona nonetheless defeated Manchester United 2\u20130 to complete the treble after also winning La Liga and the 2008\u201309 Copa del Rey. In his second season at \"Bar\u00e7a\", the club retained the Liga title and won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup. In the 2010\u201311 season, Alves was instrumental in Barcelona's winning of their third consecutive Liga title. On 28 May 2011, Alves played in his first Champions League final as Barcelona defeated Manchester United 3\u20131 at Wembley Stadium to win its fourth European Cup. In 2011\u201312, Alves was part of a Barcelona team that won the Copa del Rey and the Club World Cup. In 2012\u201313, Alves won the Liga title for the fourth time in his five seasons at \"Bar\u00e7a\". In 2013\u201314, Alves wore shirt number 22, formerly worn by his friend Eric Abidal, to whom he offered to donate part of his liver during Abidal's treatment for liver cancer. On 6 June 2015, Alves started for \"Bar\u00e7a\" in the 2015 Champions League final as the club won its fifth European Cup by beating Juventus at the Olympiastadion in Berlin. This made Barcelona the first club in history to win the treble of domestic league, domestic cup and European Cup twice."], "answer": {"text": "Thierry Henry paid tribute to Larsson's contribution to Barcelona's win after the match, saying,", "answer_start": 1305}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Larsson play for Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "At the end of the 2003-04 season, Larsson left Celtic on a free transfer and signed a one-year contract with Barcelona", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened when the contract was over?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson's contribution in Barca's La Liga win in his first season there was disrupted by serious injury.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the injury?", "answer": {"text": "Larsson tore the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus in his left knee.", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the injury keep him out?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his injury-hit 2004-05 season, playing only 16 games, Barcelona took the option to extend his contract.", "answer_start": 666, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was his contract extended?", "answer": {"text": "In December 2005, Larsson announced that at the end of his contract, which ended in July,", "answer_start": 778, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go when the contract ended in July?", "answer": {"text": "July, he would leave Barcelona and return to Sweden to end his career.", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards before leaving Barcelona?", "answer": {"text": "In Larsson's final match for Barcelona, his substitute introduction was pivotal to win the 2006 Champions League final.", "answer_start": 1115, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0d8f35a0890a47908062b5eb1467921b_1_q#0", "question": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "rewrite": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America, but it was clear that his Grease free skate was not working. Lysacek and coach Frank Carroll made the decision to find a new long program. Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second. Lysacek was the only American man to qualify for the 2005-2006 Grand Prix Final, but he withdrew before the event because of bursitis and tendinitis in his right hip. At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate, finishing second overall. He was named to the 2006 Winter Olympic team along with Johnny Weir and Matthew Savoie. At the Olympics, following a 10th-place finish in the short program, Lysacek became sick with the stomach flu. Unable to practice, he stayed in bed at the Olympic village, receiving fluids from IVs. After considering withdrawing, he decided to skate the next day and went on to skate a career-best free skate. He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall, seven points below the bronze. He commentated on his free-skating program on Olympic Ice the next day with Scott Hamilton and Mary Carillo. Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta. He was once again troubled by illness, having been administered three different antibiotics to fight a bacterial infection, which at one point, caused him to cough up blood. He rose from seventh place in the short to finish third on the strength of his free-skating program.", "I will do the quad in any case. I believe that the quad is the future of figure skating. The quad is necessary, that is my opinion.\" Plushenko finished second in the free skating and second overall, ultimately winning the silver medal with a total score of 256.36, 1.31 points behind the winner Evan Lysacek. In the free skating, he landed a quadruple toe loop-triple toe loop combination but left a planned double loop out of a combination jump. He and Lysacek received a similar total score for program components, but Plushenko had a lower total technical elements score than Lysacek. He said of the gold medal winner, Evan Lysacek, \"I think we need to change the judging system \u2013 a quad is a quad. If an Olympic champion doesn't do a quad, well I don't know... \" In an interview to Russian newspaper Izvestia, Plushenko brought attention to the fact that, following his short program, three judges placed him 21st and 22nd for skating skills. He said, \"Strangely, the computer did not drop any one of the three. But what it did instead was to drop those judges who awarded me first place. Under the current system, if this is the way judges' marks are awarded, you can win, and you can just as equally lose. Don't get me wrong. I don't want to criticize the new rules, they are not bad. But they do need further refinement.\" He also expressed dismay over the Russian Figure Skating Federation not standing up for one of their athletes. \" After the short program, I should have had at least a 5 point lead over my competitors. In the end, however, the gap amounted to a mere 0.55 to which our Federation did not react at all.\" Russian skating champion", "He placed 2nd at Junior Championships and qualified for the team to the 2004 World Junior Championships, where he placed 11th. He placed 5th at the Japan Championships. In the 2004\u20132005 season, Oda again competed on the 2004\u20132005 Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the bronze medal in Ukraine behind compatriot Yasuharu Nanri and American Dennis Phan, both of whom would go on to medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. Oda won the Japan Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at Japan Championships. He went on to win the 2005 World Junior Championships. Oda turned senior for the 2005-2006 Olympic year, when he was guaranteed a senior Grand Prix assignment after he won the World Junior Championships. Oda made a splash immediately as a senior, winning the bronze medal at his first event and winning the 2005 NHK Trophy over favorites Daisuke Takahashi and reigning world bronze medalist Evan Lysacek. Oda qualified for the 2005\u20132006 Grand Prix Final and placed fourth. Oda was proclaimed the winner of the Japan Championships ahead of Takahashi, until a glitch in the computer software was discovered and he fell to second place; he had done too many combinations. The Japanese federation decided to split the international assignments between Oda and declared-winner Daisuke Takahashi, sending Oda to the 2006 World Championships, and Takahashi to the Olympics, in as much as Japan had only one spot for each competition after the withdrawal of Takeshi Honda from the 2005 World Championships and Takahashi's 15th-place finish at that competition. Oda placed fourth at his first World Championships, earning Japan two spots to the 2007 Worlds. The following season, Oda placed 1st at 2006 Skate America over American Evan Lysacek, and he finished 2nd at the 2006 NHK Trophy to compatriot Daisuke Takahashi. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the bronze medal.", "He won the free skate by a margin of 30.96 points, and took gold with a total margin of 48.52 points over silver medallist Vaughn Chipeur. At the 2009 Four Continents Championships, Chan placed first in the short program, in which he received level 4 for all his spins and for his straight-line footwork. His score gave him a lead of over 7.25 points above the second-place finisher Evan Lysacek. He also won the free skate, executing a 3F-3T combination, as well as a 3Lz-2T-2Lo combination and receiving level four for all his spins and straight-line footwork. He outscored silver medallist Evan Lysacek by 12.04 points to win the gold medal. At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan. During the off-season, Chan performed in the South Korean show Festa on Ice alongside Yuna Kim once again. In July 2009, Chan landed a quad toe loop jump during a warm-up session at the 2009 Liberty Summer Competition. He did not land it in competition. Chan was assigned to the 2009 Rostelecom Cup and the 2009 Skate Canada International events for the 2009\u201310 ISU Grand Prix season. Chan contracted a suspected case of H1N1 swine flu during a high performance training camp in Vancouver. The antibiotics treating the illness weakened his muscles, and Chan experienced pain while jumping. This was eventually diagnosed as a gastrocnemius tear in his left calf muscle.", "Frank Carroll (figure skater) Francis M. \"Frank\" Carroll (born 1938) is an American figure skating coach and former competitive skater. He has coached three skaters to win the World Figure Skating Championships: Linda Fratianne, Michelle Kwan, and Evan Lysacek. His pupil, Evan Lysacek won the men's Olympic gold medal in 2010 at Vancouver. He has been inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame, and was the 1997 Olympic Coach of the Year. Carroll grew up in Worcester, Massachusetts. When he was in his early teens, a skating rink opened in his neighborhood and he began skating, interested by the combination of artistry and athleticism. After graduating from the College of the Holy Cross in 1960 with a B.S. in Sociology, Carroll eventually moved to Winchester, Massachusetts and lived with his coach Maribel Vinson Owen and her daughters on weekends. Carroll won the bronze medal on the junior level at the 1959 U.S. Championships. He won the silver medal on the junior level at the 1960 U.S. Championships behind Douglas Ramsay. Carroll turned professional after that and was skating with the Ice Follies at the time of the Sabena Flight 548 crash. Carroll skated with the Ice Follies until 1964. He was accepted to law school at the University of San Francisco, but chose to pursue acting. He appeared in the background of several beach films, including The Loved One. Carroll began coaching on the side to support himself and eventually decided to coach full-time. His notable students include Linda Fratianne, Christopher Bowman, Michelle Kwan, Timothy Goebel, Gracie Gold, Denis Ten, and Evan Lysacek. He was the head coach for the Toyota Sports Center in El Segundo, California."], "answer": {"text": "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0d8f35a0890a47908062b5eb1467921b_1_q#1", "question": "What else did he compete at?", "rewrite": "Besides placing at 2005 Skate America, what else did Evan Lysacek compete at?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He placed 2nd at Junior Championships and qualified for the team to the 2004 World Junior Championships, where he placed 11th. He placed 5th at the Japan Championships. In the 2004\u20132005 season, Oda again competed on the 2004\u20132005 Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the bronze medal in Ukraine behind compatriot Yasuharu Nanri and American Dennis Phan, both of whom would go on to medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. Oda won the Japan Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at Japan Championships. He went on to win the 2005 World Junior Championships. Oda turned senior for the 2005-2006 Olympic year, when he was guaranteed a senior Grand Prix assignment after he won the World Junior Championships. Oda made a splash immediately as a senior, winning the bronze medal at his first event and winning the 2005 NHK Trophy over favorites Daisuke Takahashi and reigning world bronze medalist Evan Lysacek. Oda qualified for the 2005\u20132006 Grand Prix Final and placed fourth. Oda was proclaimed the winner of the Japan Championships ahead of Takahashi, until a glitch in the computer software was discovered and he fell to second place; he had done too many combinations. The Japanese federation decided to split the international assignments between Oda and declared-winner Daisuke Takahashi, sending Oda to the 2006 World Championships, and Takahashi to the Olympics, in as much as Japan had only one spot for each competition after the withdrawal of Takeshi Honda from the 2005 World Championships and Takahashi's 15th-place finish at that competition. Oda placed fourth at his first World Championships, earning Japan two spots to the 2007 Worlds. The following season, Oda placed 1st at 2006 Skate America over American Evan Lysacek, and he finished 2nd at the 2006 NHK Trophy to compatriot Daisuke Takahashi. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the bronze medal.", "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America, but it was clear that his Grease free skate was not working. Lysacek and coach Frank Carroll made the decision to find a new long program. Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second. Lysacek was the only American man to qualify for the 2005-2006 Grand Prix Final, but he withdrew before the event because of bursitis and tendinitis in his right hip. At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate, finishing second overall. He was named to the 2006 Winter Olympic team along with Johnny Weir and Matthew Savoie. At the Olympics, following a 10th-place finish in the short program, Lysacek became sick with the stomach flu. Unable to practice, he stayed in bed at the Olympic village, receiving fluids from IVs. After considering withdrawing, he decided to skate the next day and went on to skate a career-best free skate. He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall, seven points below the bronze. He commentated on his free-skating program on Olympic Ice the next day with Scott Hamilton and Mary Carillo. Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta. He was once again troubled by illness, having been administered three different antibiotics to fight a bacterial infection, which at one point, caused him to cough up blood. He rose from seventh place in the short to finish third on the strength of his free-skating program.", "At the 2008 U.S. Championships, Weir won the short program over Evan Lysacek by 1.35 points but Lysacek won the long program by exactly the same amount, resulting in a tie. Weir completed a slightly two-footed quadruple toe loop in his long program and scored more points on his jumps and in the program components than Lysacek but Lysacek scored more points for his spins and footwork. Under ISU rules, in the event of a tie the winner of the long program is awarded the gold medal, so Weir received the silver. At the 2008 World Championships, the United States had failed to medal in every other discipline when the men took the ice last. Weir skated a short program that received a career-best score and put him in second place. In the free program, he skated steadily but tentatively, eliminating the second jump from his first planned combination and doubling a planned triple jump on another combination. However, the program was strong enough for Weir to win his first World medal \u2013 a bronze \u2013 and kept the United States from being shut out of the medals at a World Championship for the first time since 1994. Weir began the 2008\u20132009 season by winning the silver medal at Skate America in October 2008. He then went on to the NHK Trophy in late November, where he competed while suffering from a severe cold but still managed to win his second silver medal of the season. These two finishes qualified him for the 2008\u20132009 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final, where he won the bronze medal in December 2008. During the 2008 Christmas holiday Weir traveled to South Korea to perform in a charity skating show. While there, he contracted a severe stomach virus that landed him in the hospital and caused him to lose eight pounds in a single day.", "He won the free skate by a margin of 30.96 points, and took gold with a total margin of 48.52 points over silver medallist Vaughn Chipeur. At the 2009 Four Continents Championships, Chan placed first in the short program, in which he received level 4 for all his spins and for his straight-line footwork. His score gave him a lead of over 7.25 points above the second-place finisher Evan Lysacek. He also won the free skate, executing a 3F-3T combination, as well as a 3Lz-2T-2Lo combination and receiving level four for all his spins and straight-line footwork. He outscored silver medallist Evan Lysacek by 12.04 points to win the gold medal. At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan. During the off-season, Chan performed in the South Korean show Festa on Ice alongside Yuna Kim once again. In July 2009, Chan landed a quad toe loop jump during a warm-up session at the 2009 Liberty Summer Competition. He did not land it in competition. Chan was assigned to the 2009 Rostelecom Cup and the 2009 Skate Canada International events for the 2009\u201310 ISU Grand Prix season. Chan contracted a suspected case of H1N1 swine flu during a high performance training camp in Vancouver. The antibiotics treating the illness weakened his muscles, and Chan experienced pain while jumping. This was eventually diagnosed as a gastrocnemius tear in his left calf muscle.", "He, thus, qualified for the 2009 Four Continents and the 2009 World Championships, where he finished 4th and 7th respectively. He landed his only quad (toe) of the season at Worlds. Oda was assigned to the 2009 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard and to the 2009 Cup of China in the 2009-2010 Grand Prix season, winning both. He was the top qualifier for the Grand Prix Final, where he claimed the silver medal behind Evan Lysacek. At the 2010 Japanese National Championships Oda won the silver medal behind Daisuke Takahashi. That placement earned him a spot to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2010 World Championships. At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Oda scored 84.85 in the short program. In the free skate, he experienced a fall resulting from a broken lace, and was given three minutes to fix his boot with a two-point penalty. Upon resuming the long program, Oda landed a final double Axel and scored 153.69 in that segment of the event, ultimately placing 7th overall in men's singles. Oda then moved on to the 2010 World Championships, where he was considered a medal contender. However, he had a short program in which he performed only single jumps and thus failed to qualify for the free skating portion of the event. Oda left his coach, Nikolai Morozov, at the end of the 2009\u201310 season, returning to former coach Lee Barkell. For the 2010\u201311 Grand Prix season, Oda was assigned to the 2010 Skate Canada International and to the 2010 Skate America. He won the silver medal at both events, finishing behind Patrick Chan at Skate Canada and Daisuke Takahashi at Skate America. He qualified for the 2010\u201311 Grand Prix Final where he won the silver medal."], "answer": {"text": "Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second.", "answer_start": 250}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "answer": {"text": "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0d8f35a0890a47908062b5eb1467921b_1_q#2", "question": "How did he place in other competitions?", "rewrite": "How did Evan Lysacek place in other competitions aside from the 2005 Skate America and 2005 NHK Trophy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He placed 2nd in the free skate, in which he was credited with landing a 4T and eight triples, including a 3Lz-3T combination. He won the silver medal overall, placing 12.19 points behind champion and training-mate Jeremy Abbott and 0.60 points ahead of Evan Lysacek. Following the national championships, Mroz was assigned to the 2009 Four Continents Championships and the 2009 World Championships. At Four Continents, Mroz placed 5th in the short program after landing a 3A, 3F, and 3Lz-3T combination. In the free skate, Mroz placed 9th after landing a 4T, but making errors on several other jumps, including his 3A. He placed 8th overall. In his debut at the senior World Championships, Mroz skated a strong short program to place 8th in that segment of the competition. He placed 13th in the free skate to finish 9th overall. His placement, combined with that of World Champion Evan Lysacek, earned the United States the maximum three entries to the 2010 Winter Olympics. Mroz won his first senior Grand Prix medal, silver, at 2010 Cup of China. He followed it up with a bronze medal at 2010 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard. Competing with a dislocated shoulder, he placed 7th at the 2011 U.S. Championships. In August 2011, Mroz began working on other types of quads \u2013 4Lo, 4F, and 4Lz. He landed 4Lz successfully on September 16, 2011, in the short program at the 2011 Colorado Springs Invitational. The International Skating Union subsequently ratified the jump as the first successful 4Lz landed in a sanctioned competition. His assigned 2011\u201312 Grand Prix events are 2011 NHK Trophy and 2011 Cup of Russia. Mroz became the first skater to land the 4Lz in an international competition on November 12 in the short program at NHK Trophy.", "At the 2008 U.S. Championships, Weir won the short program over Evan Lysacek by 1.35 points but Lysacek won the long program by exactly the same amount, resulting in a tie. Weir completed a slightly two-footed quadruple toe loop in his long program and scored more points on his jumps and in the program components than Lysacek but Lysacek scored more points for his spins and footwork. Under ISU rules, in the event of a tie the winner of the long program is awarded the gold medal, so Weir received the silver. At the 2008 World Championships, the United States had failed to medal in every other discipline when the men took the ice last. Weir skated a short program that received a career-best score and put him in second place. In the free program, he skated steadily but tentatively, eliminating the second jump from his first planned combination and doubling a planned triple jump on another combination. However, the program was strong enough for Weir to win his first World medal \u2013 a bronze \u2013 and kept the United States from being shut out of the medals at a World Championship for the first time since 1994. Weir began the 2008\u20132009 season by winning the silver medal at Skate America in October 2008. He then went on to the NHK Trophy in late November, where he competed while suffering from a severe cold but still managed to win his second silver medal of the season. These two finishes qualified him for the 2008\u20132009 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final, where he won the bronze medal in December 2008. During the 2008 Christmas holiday Weir traveled to South Korea to perform in a charity skating show. While there, he contracted a severe stomach virus that landed him in the hospital and caused him to lose eight pounds in a single day.", "Yukari Nakano Yukari Nakano was born on August 25, 1985 in K\u014dnan, Aichi Prefecture. She has two elder siblings, a brother and sister. In 2004, Nakano enrolled at Waseda University in Tokyo. She earned her master's degree from Waseda, having studied at the Graduate School of Human Sciences. In 2010, she began working for Fuji Television's Sports Division, becoming a director and journalist. In April 2015, Nakano married her longtime boyfriend. Nakano started skating in 1991 at the Grand Prix Tokai Figure Skating Club, where Machiko Yamada was coaching. Nakano met Midori Ito there, who inspired her to take her skating seriously. On the junior level, Nakano won two ISU Junior Grand Prix events and earned the silver medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships. At her first senior international event, the 2002 Skate America, Nakano became the third female skater in the history of the sport to land a triple axel in an ISU sanctioned competition, and the first to have done so in ten years. She went on to land a triple axel-double toe loop combinations at the 2002 Japanese Nationals, the West Japan Championships 2002, and the Kanto Gakusei Freeskating Championships 2004. Nakano won her first Grand Prix medals in her fourth season on the circuit: bronze at the 2005 Skate Canada International and gold at the 2005 NHK Trophy. She qualified for the 2005\u201306 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final where she took the bronze. She landed triple axels in five consecutive competitions in 2005 (Yamanashi Kokutai 2005, Kanto Gakusei Freeskating Championships, Tokyo Figure Skating Championships, Skate Canada International, and Asian Figure Skating Championships). At the 2005 Skate Canada, she became the first woman to land a triple axel under the ISU Judging System in ISU Senior level competition.", "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America, but it was clear that his Grease free skate was not working. Lysacek and coach Frank Carroll made the decision to find a new long program. Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second. Lysacek was the only American man to qualify for the 2005-2006 Grand Prix Final, but he withdrew before the event because of bursitis and tendinitis in his right hip. At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate, finishing second overall. He was named to the 2006 Winter Olympic team along with Johnny Weir and Matthew Savoie. At the Olympics, following a 10th-place finish in the short program, Lysacek became sick with the stomach flu. Unable to practice, he stayed in bed at the Olympic village, receiving fluids from IVs. After considering withdrawing, he decided to skate the next day and went on to skate a career-best free skate. He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall, seven points below the bronze. He commentated on his free-skating program on Olympic Ice the next day with Scott Hamilton and Mary Carillo. Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta. He was once again troubled by illness, having been administered three different antibiotics to fight a bacterial infection, which at one point, caused him to cough up blood. He rose from seventh place in the short to finish third on the strength of his free-skating program.", "He placed 2nd at Junior Championships and qualified for the team to the 2004 World Junior Championships, where he placed 11th. He placed 5th at the Japan Championships. In the 2004\u20132005 season, Oda again competed on the 2004\u20132005 Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the bronze medal in Ukraine behind compatriot Yasuharu Nanri and American Dennis Phan, both of whom would go on to medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. Oda won the Japan Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at Japan Championships. He went on to win the 2005 World Junior Championships. Oda turned senior for the 2005-2006 Olympic year, when he was guaranteed a senior Grand Prix assignment after he won the World Junior Championships. Oda made a splash immediately as a senior, winning the bronze medal at his first event and winning the 2005 NHK Trophy over favorites Daisuke Takahashi and reigning world bronze medalist Evan Lysacek. Oda qualified for the 2005\u20132006 Grand Prix Final and placed fourth. Oda was proclaimed the winner of the Japan Championships ahead of Takahashi, until a glitch in the computer software was discovered and he fell to second place; he had done too many combinations. The Japanese federation decided to split the international assignments between Oda and declared-winner Daisuke Takahashi, sending Oda to the 2006 World Championships, and Takahashi to the Olympics, in as much as Japan had only one spot for each competition after the withdrawal of Takeshi Honda from the 2005 World Championships and Takahashi's 15th-place finish at that competition. Oda placed fourth at his first World Championships, earning Japan two spots to the 2007 Worlds. The following season, Oda placed 1st at 2006 Skate America over American Evan Lysacek, and he finished 2nd at the 2006 NHK Trophy to compatriot Daisuke Takahashi. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the bronze medal."], "answer": {"text": "At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate,", "answer_start": 513}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "answer": {"text": "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he compete at?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second.", "answer_start": 250, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0d8f35a0890a47908062b5eb1467921b_1_q#3", "question": "What else did he do?", "rewrite": "Besides the 2006 U.S. Championships, what else did Evan Lysacek do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He placed 2nd at Junior Championships and qualified for the team to the 2004 World Junior Championships, where he placed 11th. He placed 5th at the Japan Championships. In the 2004\u20132005 season, Oda again competed on the 2004\u20132005 Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the bronze medal in Ukraine behind compatriot Yasuharu Nanri and American Dennis Phan, both of whom would go on to medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. Oda won the Japan Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at Japan Championships. He went on to win the 2005 World Junior Championships. Oda turned senior for the 2005-2006 Olympic year, when he was guaranteed a senior Grand Prix assignment after he won the World Junior Championships. Oda made a splash immediately as a senior, winning the bronze medal at his first event and winning the 2005 NHK Trophy over favorites Daisuke Takahashi and reigning world bronze medalist Evan Lysacek. Oda qualified for the 2005\u20132006 Grand Prix Final and placed fourth. Oda was proclaimed the winner of the Japan Championships ahead of Takahashi, until a glitch in the computer software was discovered and he fell to second place; he had done too many combinations. The Japanese federation decided to split the international assignments between Oda and declared-winner Daisuke Takahashi, sending Oda to the 2006 World Championships, and Takahashi to the Olympics, in as much as Japan had only one spot for each competition after the withdrawal of Takeshi Honda from the 2005 World Championships and Takahashi's 15th-place finish at that competition. Oda placed fourth at his first World Championships, earning Japan two spots to the 2007 Worlds. The following season, Oda placed 1st at 2006 Skate America over American Evan Lysacek, and he finished 2nd at the 2006 NHK Trophy to compatriot Daisuke Takahashi. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the bronze medal.", "I will do the quad in any case. I believe that the quad is the future of figure skating. The quad is necessary, that is my opinion.\" Plushenko finished second in the free skating and second overall, ultimately winning the silver medal with a total score of 256.36, 1.31 points behind the winner Evan Lysacek. In the free skating, he landed a quadruple toe loop-triple toe loop combination but left a planned double loop out of a combination jump. He and Lysacek received a similar total score for program components, but Plushenko had a lower total technical elements score than Lysacek. He said of the gold medal winner, Evan Lysacek, \"I think we need to change the judging system \u2013 a quad is a quad. If an Olympic champion doesn't do a quad, well I don't know... \" In an interview to Russian newspaper Izvestia, Plushenko brought attention to the fact that, following his short program, three judges placed him 21st and 22nd for skating skills. He said, \"Strangely, the computer did not drop any one of the three. But what it did instead was to drop those judges who awarded me first place. Under the current system, if this is the way judges' marks are awarded, you can win, and you can just as equally lose. Don't get me wrong. I don't want to criticize the new rules, they are not bad. But they do need further refinement.\" He also expressed dismay over the Russian Figure Skating Federation not standing up for one of their athletes. \" After the short program, I should have had at least a 5 point lead over my competitors. In the end, however, the gap amounted to a mere 0.55 to which our Federation did not react at all.\" Russian skating champion", "He won the free skate by a margin of 30.96 points, and took gold with a total margin of 48.52 points over silver medallist Vaughn Chipeur. At the 2009 Four Continents Championships, Chan placed first in the short program, in which he received level 4 for all his spins and for his straight-line footwork. His score gave him a lead of over 7.25 points above the second-place finisher Evan Lysacek. He also won the free skate, executing a 3F-3T combination, as well as a 3Lz-2T-2Lo combination and receiving level four for all his spins and straight-line footwork. He outscored silver medallist Evan Lysacek by 12.04 points to win the gold medal. At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan. During the off-season, Chan performed in the South Korean show Festa on Ice alongside Yuna Kim once again. In July 2009, Chan landed a quad toe loop jump during a warm-up session at the 2009 Liberty Summer Competition. He did not land it in competition. Chan was assigned to the 2009 Rostelecom Cup and the 2009 Skate Canada International events for the 2009\u201310 ISU Grand Prix season. Chan contracted a suspected case of H1N1 swine flu during a high performance training camp in Vancouver. The antibiotics treating the illness weakened his muscles, and Chan experienced pain while jumping. This was eventually diagnosed as a gastrocnemius tear in his left calf muscle.", "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America, but it was clear that his Grease free skate was not working. Lysacek and coach Frank Carroll made the decision to find a new long program. Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second. Lysacek was the only American man to qualify for the 2005-2006 Grand Prix Final, but he withdrew before the event because of bursitis and tendinitis in his right hip. At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate, finishing second overall. He was named to the 2006 Winter Olympic team along with Johnny Weir and Matthew Savoie. At the Olympics, following a 10th-place finish in the short program, Lysacek became sick with the stomach flu. Unable to practice, he stayed in bed at the Olympic village, receiving fluids from IVs. After considering withdrawing, he decided to skate the next day and went on to skate a career-best free skate. He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall, seven points below the bronze. He commentated on his free-skating program on Olympic Ice the next day with Scott Hamilton and Mary Carillo. Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta. He was once again troubled by illness, having been administered three different antibiotics to fight a bacterial infection, which at one point, caused him to cough up blood. He rose from seventh place in the short to finish third on the strength of his free-skating program.", "Frank Carroll (figure skater) Francis M. \"Frank\" Carroll (born 1938) is an American figure skating coach and former competitive skater. He has coached three skaters to win the World Figure Skating Championships: Linda Fratianne, Michelle Kwan, and Evan Lysacek. His pupil, Evan Lysacek won the men's Olympic gold medal in 2010 at Vancouver. He has been inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame, and was the 1997 Olympic Coach of the Year. Carroll grew up in Worcester, Massachusetts. When he was in his early teens, a skating rink opened in his neighborhood and he began skating, interested by the combination of artistry and athleticism. After graduating from the College of the Holy Cross in 1960 with a B.S. in Sociology, Carroll eventually moved to Winchester, Massachusetts and lived with his coach Maribel Vinson Owen and her daughters on weekends. Carroll won the bronze medal on the junior level at the 1959 U.S. Championships. He won the silver medal on the junior level at the 1960 U.S. Championships behind Douglas Ramsay. Carroll turned professional after that and was skating with the Ice Follies at the time of the Sabena Flight 548 crash. Carroll skated with the Ice Follies until 1964. He was accepted to law school at the University of San Francisco, but chose to pursue acting. He appeared in the background of several beach films, including The Loved One. Carroll began coaching on the side to support himself and eventually decided to coach full-time. His notable students include Linda Fratianne, Christopher Bowman, Michelle Kwan, Timothy Goebel, Gracie Gold, Denis Ten, and Evan Lysacek. He was the head coach for the Toyota Sports Center in El Segundo, California."], "answer": {"text": "Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta.", "answer_start": 1335}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "answer": {"text": "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he compete at?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second.", "answer_start": 250, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he place in other competitions?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate,", "answer_start": 513, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0d8f35a0890a47908062b5eb1467921b_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other competitions mentioned?", "rewrite": "Other than Evan Lysacek's bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships, are there any other competitions mentioned?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He placed 2nd at Junior Championships and qualified for the team to the 2004 World Junior Championships, where he placed 11th. He placed 5th at the Japan Championships. In the 2004\u20132005 season, Oda again competed on the 2004\u20132005 Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the bronze medal in Ukraine behind compatriot Yasuharu Nanri and American Dennis Phan, both of whom would go on to medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. Oda won the Japan Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at Japan Championships. He went on to win the 2005 World Junior Championships. Oda turned senior for the 2005-2006 Olympic year, when he was guaranteed a senior Grand Prix assignment after he won the World Junior Championships. Oda made a splash immediately as a senior, winning the bronze medal at his first event and winning the 2005 NHK Trophy over favorites Daisuke Takahashi and reigning world bronze medalist Evan Lysacek. Oda qualified for the 2005\u20132006 Grand Prix Final and placed fourth. Oda was proclaimed the winner of the Japan Championships ahead of Takahashi, until a glitch in the computer software was discovered and he fell to second place; he had done too many combinations. The Japanese federation decided to split the international assignments between Oda and declared-winner Daisuke Takahashi, sending Oda to the 2006 World Championships, and Takahashi to the Olympics, in as much as Japan had only one spot for each competition after the withdrawal of Takeshi Honda from the 2005 World Championships and Takahashi's 15th-place finish at that competition. Oda placed fourth at his first World Championships, earning Japan two spots to the 2007 Worlds. The following season, Oda placed 1st at 2006 Skate America over American Evan Lysacek, and he finished 2nd at the 2006 NHK Trophy to compatriot Daisuke Takahashi. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the bronze medal.", "He won the free skate by a margin of 30.96 points, and took gold with a total margin of 48.52 points over silver medallist Vaughn Chipeur. At the 2009 Four Continents Championships, Chan placed first in the short program, in which he received level 4 for all his spins and for his straight-line footwork. His score gave him a lead of over 7.25 points above the second-place finisher Evan Lysacek. He also won the free skate, executing a 3F-3T combination, as well as a 3Lz-2T-2Lo combination and receiving level four for all his spins and straight-line footwork. He outscored silver medallist Evan Lysacek by 12.04 points to win the gold medal. At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan. During the off-season, Chan performed in the South Korean show Festa on Ice alongside Yuna Kim once again. In July 2009, Chan landed a quad toe loop jump during a warm-up session at the 2009 Liberty Summer Competition. He did not land it in competition. Chan was assigned to the 2009 Rostelecom Cup and the 2009 Skate Canada International events for the 2009\u201310 ISU Grand Prix season. Chan contracted a suspected case of H1N1 swine flu during a high performance training camp in Vancouver. The antibiotics treating the illness weakened his muscles, and Chan experienced pain while jumping. This was eventually diagnosed as a gastrocnemius tear in his left calf muscle.", "He placed 2nd in the free skate, in which he was credited with landing a 4T and eight triples, including a 3Lz-3T combination. He won the silver medal overall, placing 12.19 points behind champion and training-mate Jeremy Abbott and 0.60 points ahead of Evan Lysacek. Following the national championships, Mroz was assigned to the 2009 Four Continents Championships and the 2009 World Championships. At Four Continents, Mroz placed 5th in the short program after landing a 3A, 3F, and 3Lz-3T combination. In the free skate, Mroz placed 9th after landing a 4T, but making errors on several other jumps, including his 3A. He placed 8th overall. In his debut at the senior World Championships, Mroz skated a strong short program to place 8th in that segment of the competition. He placed 13th in the free skate to finish 9th overall. His placement, combined with that of World Champion Evan Lysacek, earned the United States the maximum three entries to the 2010 Winter Olympics. Mroz won his first senior Grand Prix medal, silver, at 2010 Cup of China. He followed it up with a bronze medal at 2010 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard. Competing with a dislocated shoulder, he placed 7th at the 2011 U.S. Championships. In August 2011, Mroz began working on other types of quads \u2013 4Lo, 4F, and 4Lz. He landed 4Lz successfully on September 16, 2011, in the short program at the 2011 Colorado Springs Invitational. The International Skating Union subsequently ratified the jump as the first successful 4Lz landed in a sanctioned competition. His assigned 2011\u201312 Grand Prix events are 2011 NHK Trophy and 2011 Cup of Russia. Mroz became the first skater to land the 4Lz in an international competition on November 12 in the short program at NHK Trophy.", "At the 2008 U.S. Championships, Weir won the short program over Evan Lysacek by 1.35 points but Lysacek won the long program by exactly the same amount, resulting in a tie. Weir completed a slightly two-footed quadruple toe loop in his long program and scored more points on his jumps and in the program components than Lysacek but Lysacek scored more points for his spins and footwork. Under ISU rules, in the event of a tie the winner of the long program is awarded the gold medal, so Weir received the silver. At the 2008 World Championships, the United States had failed to medal in every other discipline when the men took the ice last. Weir skated a short program that received a career-best score and put him in second place. In the free program, he skated steadily but tentatively, eliminating the second jump from his first planned combination and doubling a planned triple jump on another combination. However, the program was strong enough for Weir to win his first World medal \u2013 a bronze \u2013 and kept the United States from being shut out of the medals at a World Championship for the first time since 1994. Weir began the 2008\u20132009 season by winning the silver medal at Skate America in October 2008. He then went on to the NHK Trophy in late November, where he competed while suffering from a severe cold but still managed to win his second silver medal of the season. These two finishes qualified him for the 2008\u20132009 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final, where he won the bronze medal in December 2008. During the 2008 Christmas holiday Weir traveled to South Korea to perform in a charity skating show. While there, he contracted a severe stomach virus that landed him in the hospital and caused him to lose eight pounds in a single day.", "Frank Carroll (figure skater) Francis M. \"Frank\" Carroll (born 1938) is an American figure skating coach and former competitive skater. He has coached three skaters to win the World Figure Skating Championships: Linda Fratianne, Michelle Kwan, and Evan Lysacek. His pupil, Evan Lysacek won the men's Olympic gold medal in 2010 at Vancouver. He has been inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame, and was the 1997 Olympic Coach of the Year. Carroll grew up in Worcester, Massachusetts. When he was in his early teens, a skating rink opened in his neighborhood and he began skating, interested by the combination of artistry and athleticism. After graduating from the College of the Holy Cross in 1960 with a B.S. in Sociology, Carroll eventually moved to Winchester, Massachusetts and lived with his coach Maribel Vinson Owen and her daughters on weekends. Carroll won the bronze medal on the junior level at the 1959 U.S. Championships. He won the silver medal on the junior level at the 1960 U.S. Championships behind Douglas Ramsay. Carroll turned professional after that and was skating with the Ice Follies at the time of the Sabena Flight 548 crash. Carroll skated with the Ice Follies until 1964. He was accepted to law school at the University of San Francisco, but chose to pursue acting. He appeared in the background of several beach films, including The Loved One. Carroll began coaching on the side to support himself and eventually decided to coach full-time. His notable students include Linda Fratianne, Christopher Bowman, Michelle Kwan, Timothy Goebel, Gracie Gold, Denis Ten, and Evan Lysacek. He was the head coach for the Toyota Sports Center in El Segundo, California."], "answer": {"text": "He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall,", "answer_start": 1081}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "answer": {"text": "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he compete at?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second.", "answer_start": 250, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he place in other competitions?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate,", "answer_start": 513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta.", "answer_start": 1335, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0d8f35a0890a47908062b5eb1467921b_1_q#5", "question": "What other moves did he do?", "rewrite": "Besides eight triple jumps in the free skate, what other moves did Evan Lysacek do at the 2006 World Championships?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He placed 2nd in the free skate, in which he was credited with landing a 4T and eight triples, including a 3Lz-3T combination. He won the silver medal overall, placing 12.19 points behind champion and training-mate Jeremy Abbott and 0.60 points ahead of Evan Lysacek. Following the national championships, Mroz was assigned to the 2009 Four Continents Championships and the 2009 World Championships. At Four Continents, Mroz placed 5th in the short program after landing a 3A, 3F, and 3Lz-3T combination. In the free skate, Mroz placed 9th after landing a 4T, but making errors on several other jumps, including his 3A. He placed 8th overall. In his debut at the senior World Championships, Mroz skated a strong short program to place 8th in that segment of the competition. He placed 13th in the free skate to finish 9th overall. His placement, combined with that of World Champion Evan Lysacek, earned the United States the maximum three entries to the 2010 Winter Olympics. Mroz won his first senior Grand Prix medal, silver, at 2010 Cup of China. He followed it up with a bronze medal at 2010 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard. Competing with a dislocated shoulder, he placed 7th at the 2011 U.S. Championships. In August 2011, Mroz began working on other types of quads \u2013 4Lo, 4F, and 4Lz. He landed 4Lz successfully on September 16, 2011, in the short program at the 2011 Colorado Springs Invitational. The International Skating Union subsequently ratified the jump as the first successful 4Lz landed in a sanctioned competition. His assigned 2011\u201312 Grand Prix events are 2011 NHK Trophy and 2011 Cup of Russia. Mroz became the first skater to land the 4Lz in an international competition on November 12 in the short program at NHK Trophy.", "In the free skating segment, Ten landed a triple axel-double toe loop combination and six other triple jumps to place 3rd in that segment of the competition. He placed 5th overall, 0.31 points behind 4th-place finisher Ivan Bariev, and 3.59 points behind bronze medalist Richard Dornbush. In February 2009, Ten made his senior international debut at the 2009 Four Continents in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, at the age of 15, the first year for which he was age-eligible for senior ISU championships. He placed 10th in the short program after landing a triple axel and a triple lutz, but missing his triple flip combination. He placed 8th in the free skate after landing six triples, including a triple axel-triple toe loop combination, but popping a solo triple axel and a triple flip. He placed 9th overall. Two weeks later, Ten competed at the 2009 Junior Worlds. He placed 5th in the short program after being downgraded on the second jump in his triple-triple combination. In the free skate, Ten was credited with six triple jumps, including two triple axels, and received another downgrade on the second jump of his triple-triple combination. He placed 4th in that segment of the competition, placing 0.32 points behind third-place finisher Artem Grigoriev in that segment of the competition. Ten placed 4th overall, ending the competition 0.63 points behind bronze medalist Grigoriev. Ten finished the season at the 2009 World Championships, where he was the youngest male skater at the competition. He placed 17th in the short program after being credited with four triples, including his triple axel and triple-triple combination. In the free skate, Ten was credited with eight triple jumps, the maximum number of triple jumps allowed, to place 6th in that segment of the competition.", "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America, but it was clear that his Grease free skate was not working. Lysacek and coach Frank Carroll made the decision to find a new long program. Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second. Lysacek was the only American man to qualify for the 2005-2006 Grand Prix Final, but he withdrew before the event because of bursitis and tendinitis in his right hip. At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate, finishing second overall. He was named to the 2006 Winter Olympic team along with Johnny Weir and Matthew Savoie. At the Olympics, following a 10th-place finish in the short program, Lysacek became sick with the stomach flu. Unable to practice, he stayed in bed at the Olympic village, receiving fluids from IVs. After considering withdrawing, he decided to skate the next day and went on to skate a career-best free skate. He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall, seven points below the bronze. He commentated on his free-skating program on Olympic Ice the next day with Scott Hamilton and Mary Carillo. Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta. He was once again troubled by illness, having been administered three different antibiotics to fight a bacterial infection, which at one point, caused him to cough up blood. He rose from seventh place in the short to finish third on the strength of his free-skating program.", "He won the free skate by a margin of 30.96 points, and took gold with a total margin of 48.52 points over silver medallist Vaughn Chipeur. At the 2009 Four Continents Championships, Chan placed first in the short program, in which he received level 4 for all his spins and for his straight-line footwork. His score gave him a lead of over 7.25 points above the second-place finisher Evan Lysacek. He also won the free skate, executing a 3F-3T combination, as well as a 3Lz-2T-2Lo combination and receiving level four for all his spins and straight-line footwork. He outscored silver medallist Evan Lysacek by 12.04 points to win the gold medal. At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan. During the off-season, Chan performed in the South Korean show Festa on Ice alongside Yuna Kim once again. In July 2009, Chan landed a quad toe loop jump during a warm-up session at the 2009 Liberty Summer Competition. He did not land it in competition. Chan was assigned to the 2009 Rostelecom Cup and the 2009 Skate Canada International events for the 2009\u201310 ISU Grand Prix season. Chan contracted a suspected case of H1N1 swine flu during a high performance training camp in Vancouver. The antibiotics treating the illness weakened his muscles, and Chan experienced pain while jumping. This was eventually diagnosed as a gastrocnemius tear in his left calf muscle.", "It was Nagasu's second appearance in the Winter Olympics, after an 8-year absence. At the 2018 Winter Olympics, Nagasu competed in the free skate portion of the figure skating team event. On February 11, 2018 during the team event free skate, Nagasu became the first American woman, and third woman overall, to land a triple Axel at an Olympic Games. The triple Axel jump allowed Nagasu to be the first and only woman to land eight clean triple jumps in a long program at World championship or Olympic competition. She landed one triple Axel, one triple Lutz, two triple flip jumps, one triple loop, one triple Salchow and two triple toe jumps. Because of the Zayak Rule, eight is the maximum number of triple jumps any skater can attempt in a long program. She won a bronze medal in the team event as part of the U.S. team. She placed 10th in the Ladies event, during which she again planned eight triple jumps but landed only six. Nagasu skipped the 2018-2019 season. Later Nagasu revealed that she underwent a surgery to repair her hip, which had bothered her since she started practicing the triple Axel jump. Nagasu competed in both the short and long programs at the 2019 Aurora Games. Nagasu is considered a strong spinner, and has received a straight +3.00 grade of execution for her layback spin. She often performs the Biellmann spin with a variation in which her hands are on the boot of her skate instead of the blade. Nagasu has worked on improving her jumps to avoid under-rotations. She has added a triple Axel jump to her programs, landing two fully rotated triple Axel jumps at the 2017 CS U.S. International Figure Skating Classic with the negative grade of execution. She is the second US woman skater to have landed a triple Axel jump internationally after Tonya Harding."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "answer": {"text": "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he compete at?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second.", "answer_start": 250, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he place in other competitions?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate,", "answer_start": 513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta.", "answer_start": 1335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other competitions mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall,", "answer_start": 1081, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0d8f35a0890a47908062b5eb1467921b_1_q#6", "question": "What were some of his accomplishments?", "rewrite": "What were some of Evan Lysacek's accomplishments?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He placed 2nd at Junior Championships and qualified for the team to the 2004 World Junior Championships, where he placed 11th. He placed 5th at the Japan Championships. In the 2004\u20132005 season, Oda again competed on the 2004\u20132005 Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the bronze medal in Ukraine behind compatriot Yasuharu Nanri and American Dennis Phan, both of whom would go on to medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. Oda won the Japan Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at Japan Championships. He went on to win the 2005 World Junior Championships. Oda turned senior for the 2005-2006 Olympic year, when he was guaranteed a senior Grand Prix assignment after he won the World Junior Championships. Oda made a splash immediately as a senior, winning the bronze medal at his first event and winning the 2005 NHK Trophy over favorites Daisuke Takahashi and reigning world bronze medalist Evan Lysacek. Oda qualified for the 2005\u20132006 Grand Prix Final and placed fourth. Oda was proclaimed the winner of the Japan Championships ahead of Takahashi, until a glitch in the computer software was discovered and he fell to second place; he had done too many combinations. The Japanese federation decided to split the international assignments between Oda and declared-winner Daisuke Takahashi, sending Oda to the 2006 World Championships, and Takahashi to the Olympics, in as much as Japan had only one spot for each competition after the withdrawal of Takeshi Honda from the 2005 World Championships and Takahashi's 15th-place finish at that competition. Oda placed fourth at his first World Championships, earning Japan two spots to the 2007 Worlds. The following season, Oda placed 1st at 2006 Skate America over American Evan Lysacek, and he finished 2nd at the 2006 NHK Trophy to compatriot Daisuke Takahashi. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the bronze medal.", "He won the free skate by a margin of 30.96 points, and took gold with a total margin of 48.52 points over silver medallist Vaughn Chipeur. At the 2009 Four Continents Championships, Chan placed first in the short program, in which he received level 4 for all his spins and for his straight-line footwork. His score gave him a lead of over 7.25 points above the second-place finisher Evan Lysacek. He also won the free skate, executing a 3F-3T combination, as well as a 3Lz-2T-2Lo combination and receiving level four for all his spins and straight-line footwork. He outscored silver medallist Evan Lysacek by 12.04 points to win the gold medal. At the 2009 World Championships, Chan placed third in the short program, behind Brian Joubert and Evan Lysacek, and second in the free skate to win the silver medal behind Lysacek. He was eighteen. He also competed for Canada at the 2009 World Team Trophy. He placed fourth in the men's competition and Canada won the silver overall, behind the United States and ahead of Japan. During the off-season, Chan performed in the South Korean show Festa on Ice alongside Yuna Kim once again. In July 2009, Chan landed a quad toe loop jump during a warm-up session at the 2009 Liberty Summer Competition. He did not land it in competition. Chan was assigned to the 2009 Rostelecom Cup and the 2009 Skate Canada International events for the 2009\u201310 ISU Grand Prix season. Chan contracted a suspected case of H1N1 swine flu during a high performance training camp in Vancouver. The antibiotics treating the illness weakened his muscles, and Chan experienced pain while jumping. This was eventually diagnosed as a gastrocnemius tear in his left calf muscle.", "I will do the quad in any case. I believe that the quad is the future of figure skating. The quad is necessary, that is my opinion.\" Plushenko finished second in the free skating and second overall, ultimately winning the silver medal with a total score of 256.36, 1.31 points behind the winner Evan Lysacek. In the free skating, he landed a quadruple toe loop-triple toe loop combination but left a planned double loop out of a combination jump. He and Lysacek received a similar total score for program components, but Plushenko had a lower total technical elements score than Lysacek. He said of the gold medal winner, Evan Lysacek, \"I think we need to change the judging system \u2013 a quad is a quad. If an Olympic champion doesn't do a quad, well I don't know... \" In an interview to Russian newspaper Izvestia, Plushenko brought attention to the fact that, following his short program, three judges placed him 21st and 22nd for skating skills. He said, \"Strangely, the computer did not drop any one of the three. But what it did instead was to drop those judges who awarded me first place. Under the current system, if this is the way judges' marks are awarded, you can win, and you can just as equally lose. Don't get me wrong. I don't want to criticize the new rules, they are not bad. But they do need further refinement.\" He also expressed dismay over the Russian Figure Skating Federation not standing up for one of their athletes. \" After the short program, I should have had at least a 5 point lead over my competitors. In the end, however, the gap amounted to a mere 0.55 to which our Federation did not react at all.\" Russian skating champion", "Frank Carroll (figure skater) Francis M. \"Frank\" Carroll (born 1938) is an American figure skating coach and former competitive skater. He has coached three skaters to win the World Figure Skating Championships: Linda Fratianne, Michelle Kwan, and Evan Lysacek. His pupil, Evan Lysacek won the men's Olympic gold medal in 2010 at Vancouver. He has been inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame, the Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame, and was the 1997 Olympic Coach of the Year. Carroll grew up in Worcester, Massachusetts. When he was in his early teens, a skating rink opened in his neighborhood and he began skating, interested by the combination of artistry and athleticism. After graduating from the College of the Holy Cross in 1960 with a B.S. in Sociology, Carroll eventually moved to Winchester, Massachusetts and lived with his coach Maribel Vinson Owen and her daughters on weekends. Carroll won the bronze medal on the junior level at the 1959 U.S. Championships. He won the silver medal on the junior level at the 1960 U.S. Championships behind Douglas Ramsay. Carroll turned professional after that and was skating with the Ice Follies at the time of the Sabena Flight 548 crash. Carroll skated with the Ice Follies until 1964. He was accepted to law school at the University of San Francisco, but chose to pursue acting. He appeared in the background of several beach films, including The Loved One. Carroll began coaching on the side to support himself and eventually decided to coach full-time. His notable students include Linda Fratianne, Christopher Bowman, Michelle Kwan, Timothy Goebel, Gracie Gold, Denis Ten, and Evan Lysacek. He was the head coach for the Toyota Sports Center in El Segundo, California.", "He placed 2nd in the free skate, in which he was credited with landing a 4T and eight triples, including a 3Lz-3T combination. He won the silver medal overall, placing 12.19 points behind champion and training-mate Jeremy Abbott and 0.60 points ahead of Evan Lysacek. Following the national championships, Mroz was assigned to the 2009 Four Continents Championships and the 2009 World Championships. At Four Continents, Mroz placed 5th in the short program after landing a 3A, 3F, and 3Lz-3T combination. In the free skate, Mroz placed 9th after landing a 4T, but making errors on several other jumps, including his 3A. He placed 8th overall. In his debut at the senior World Championships, Mroz skated a strong short program to place 8th in that segment of the competition. He placed 13th in the free skate to finish 9th overall. His placement, combined with that of World Champion Evan Lysacek, earned the United States the maximum three entries to the 2010 Winter Olympics. Mroz won his first senior Grand Prix medal, silver, at 2010 Cup of China. He followed it up with a bronze medal at 2010 Troph\u00e9e Eric Bompard. Competing with a dislocated shoulder, he placed 7th at the 2011 U.S. Championships. In August 2011, Mroz began working on other types of quads \u2013 4Lo, 4F, and 4Lz. He landed 4Lz successfully on September 16, 2011, in the short program at the 2011 Colorado Springs Invitational. The International Skating Union subsequently ratified the jump as the first successful 4Lz landed in a sanctioned competition. His assigned 2011\u201312 Grand Prix events are 2011 NHK Trophy and 2011 Cup of Russia. Mroz became the first skater to land the 4Lz in an international competition on November 12 in the short program at NHK Trophy."], "answer": {"text": "After the World Championships, Lysacek toured with Champions on Ice as a full member of the cast.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Evan Lysacek do in the 2005-2006 season?", "answer": {"text": "In the 2005-2006 season, Lysacek again competed on the Grand Prix. He placed second at the 2005 Skate America,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he compete at?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek's new Carmen program was a success at the 2005 NHK Trophy, where Lysacek placed second.", "answer_start": 250, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he place in other competitions?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2006 U.S. Championships, the de facto Olympic qualifier, Lysacek was third after the short program, but pulled up to win the free skate,", "answer_start": 513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "Lysacek ended his season by winning the bronze medal at the 2006 World Championships in Calgary, Alberta.", "answer_start": 1335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other competitions mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "He finished his free skate with eight triple jumps and was ranked third of the night. He finished fourth overall,", "answer_start": 1081, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other moves did he do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13075cce17a84e0797646d627f7b037d_0_q#0", "question": "What did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin do in his career?", "rewrite": "What did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin do in his career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn &quot;The Ister&quot;  H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\" () is the title given to a lecture course delivered by German philosopher Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg in 1942. It was first published in 1984 as volume 53 of Heidegger's \"Gesamtausgabe\". The translation by William McNeill and Julia Davis was published in 1996 by Indiana University Press. \" Der Ister\" is a poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, the title of which refers to an ancient name for a part of the Danube River. In 1942, in the darkest depths of World War II and the National Socialist period, Heidegger chose to deliver a lecture course on a single poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin: \"\"Der Ister\",\" about the river Danube. The course explored the meaning of poetry, the nature of technology, the relationship between ancient Greece and modern Germany, the essence of politics, and human dwelling. The central third of the lecture course is a reading of Sophocles' \"Antigone\". Heidegger undertakes this reading of \"Antigone\" ostensibly because of the importance of this text for grasping the meaning of H\u00f6lderlin's poetry, but in doing so he repeats and extends a reading he had conducted in a different context in 1935. In terms of Heidegger's \"oeuvre\", the 1942 lecture course is significant in that it is Heidegger's most sustained discussion of the essence of politics. Heidegger was only able to deliver two-thirds of the written text of the lecture course. The lecture course is divided into three parts.", "H\u00f6lderlinturm The H\u00f6lderlinturm (English: H\u00f6lderlin Tower) is a building located in T\u00fcbingen, Germany that served as the place of residence and death in the final years of poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. He lived there from May 3, 1807 until his death in 1843. The building is located on the Neckar riverfront and is one of the most popularly known sites in T\u00fcbingen. The construction of the building traces back to the 13th century. The stone foundation originates from the medieval city wall that originally ran along the northern bank of the Neckar. H\u00f6lderlin was forcibly admitted by his family to the clinic of physician Johann Autenrieth on September 15, 1806. The 34-year-old master carpenter Ernst Friedrich Zimmer acquired the property in 1807. H\u00f6lderlin was released on May 3, 1807, around the same time as Zimmer's purchase, with a prognosis of incurable illness and three years to live (\"h\u00f6chstens noch drei Jahre\"). Autenrieth, meanwhile, had encouraged Zimmer to take H\u00f6lderlin into his home, and, looking back on the situation, Zimmer wrote:  H\u00f6lderlin moved into the first floor of Zimmer's residence the day after his release and lived there until his death in 1843. During H\u00f6lderlin's tower period, he often wrote under the pseudonym Scardanelli. He also received visitors from the neighboring T\u00fcbinger Stift, the school H\u00f6lderlin himself had once attended. A visit to the ill H\u00f6lderlin by Eduard M\u00f6rike and Wilhelm Waiblinger, figures both known for their relationship to H\u00f6lderlin, is documented by Hermann Hesse in his 1914 short story \"\"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\"\" (\"In Pressel's Garden-House\").", "In this essay, Nancy looks for a different conception of painting where painting is not a representation of the empirical world, but a presentation of the world, of sense, or of existence. Nancy has published books on film and music, as well as texts on the problem of representation, on the statute of literature, on image and violence, and on the work of On Kawara, Charles Baudelaire, and Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. Nancy's text \"L'intrus\" formed the basis for French director Claire Denis's film of the same name. He has written extensively on film, including \"The Evidence of Film,\" a short work on Abbas Kiarostami. Nancy appears in the film \"The Ister\", based on Martin Heidegger's 1942 lectures on Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin's poem \"Der Ister\" (published as \"H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\"\"). The film focuses on the relation of politics, technology and myth. Nancy has developed three films in conjunction with artist-filmmaker Phillip Warnell. He appears in their 2009 film Outlandish: 'Strange Foreign Bodies', which also features a text he wrote specifically for the project, \u00c9tranges Corps \u00c9trangers. Nancy contributed a poem, 'Oh The Animals of Language' to Warnell's 2014 feature-length film 'Ming of Harlem: Twenty One Storeys in the Air'. Warnell and Nancy worked on a new text-film collaboration which was completed in 2017, 'The Flying Proletarian'.", "Song cycles (Killmayer) Wilhelm Killmayer, a German composer, wrote several song cycles, which form a substantial part of his compositions. The earliest cycle dates from 1953, the last was completed in 2008. He set poems by German romantic writers such as Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Joseph von Eichendorff, but was also inspired by French, Greek and Spanish poems, and by texts from the 20th-century poets Georg Trakl and Peter H\u00e4rtling. He used mostly piano to accompany a singer, but also added percussion or other instruments, and scored some cycles in a version for voice and orchestra. His \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\", setting poems from the author's late period, were performed at major festivals and recorded. Interested in poetry and the voice, Killmayer composed more than 200 Lieder, including several song cycles. Most of them are set for voice and piano. Many songs set poems from German romantic poetry, such as others on 20th-century poems. Killmayer wrote four cycles of \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\" based on poems by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, especially from his late period, two cycles based on Georg Trakl (1993 and 1996), and one based on Peter H\u00e4rtling (1993). Killmayer was first inspired by texts of French authors of the Renaissance, such as Charles d'Orl\u00e9ans, Mal Mari\u00e9e and Cl\u00e9ment Marot (1953), and by poems of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca in German (1954), which he set for soprano, piano, ensemble or percussion. From the 1990s, he composed cycles on poems by St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and Sappho. Returning to German romanticism he set two song cycles based on poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for men's chorus, a songbook inspired by Heinrich Heine, a cycle based on poems and Eduard M\u00f6rike.", "The Ister (film) The Ister is a 2004 documentary film directed by David Barison and Daniel Ross. The film is loosely based on the works of philosopher Martin Heidegger, in particular the 1942 lecture course he delivered, \" H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\", concerning a poem, \"Der Ister\", by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. The film had its premiere at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2004. \"The Ister\" was inspired by a 1942 lecture course delivered by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, published in 1984 as \"H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\". Heidegger's lecture course concerns a poem by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin about the Danube River. The film \" The Ister\" travels upstream along the Danube toward its source, as several interviewees discuss Heidegger, H\u00f6lderlin, and philosophy. The film is also concerned with a number of other themes, including: time, poetry, technology, home, war, politics, myth, National Socialism, the Holocaust, the ancient Greek polis, Sophocles, \"Antigone\", Agnes Bernauer, Edmund Husserl, the 1991 battle of Vukovar, and the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. \"The Ister\" features extensive interviews with the French philosophers Bernard Stiegler, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, as well as with the German film director Hans-J\u00fcrgen Syberberg. Other interviews are conducted with a bridge engineer (Nemanja Calic), an amateur botanist (Tobias Maier), and a Romanian archaeologist (). An extended interview with philosopher Werner Hamacher is also included as one of the \"extra features\" on the DVD."], "answer": {"text": "Holderlin found no satisfaction in the prevailing Protestant theology, and worked instead as a private tutor.", "answer_start": 101}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_13075cce17a84e0797646d627f7b037d_0_q#1", "question": "What studies did he tutor?", "rewrite": "What studies did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin tutor?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Isaac von Sinclair  Isaac von Sinclair (3 October 1775 \u2013 29 April 1815) was a German writer and diplomat. He was a friend of the poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. Born in Homburg vor der H\u00f6he in 1775, he came from a family of Scottish ancestry whose surname of Sinclair or St. Clair indicates Anglo-Norman origins, linking it to the Clan Sinclair and Castle Sinclair Girnigoe. His father Alexander von Sinclair was a lawyer and had studied from 1733 in Jena before moving to Bad Homburg in April 1752 to become tutor to three-year-old Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg. Alexander died in 1778, when Isaac was only three - from then on he was educated with Frederick V's younger children. He studied law from 1792 to 1793 at University of T\u00fcbingen and from 1793 to 1795 at University of Jena. H\u00f6lderlin and von Sinclair first met in May 1794 during their studies in Jena, possibly even in Johann Gottlieb Fichte's philosophy lectures, and together they joined the Harmonistenorden student order. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the French Revolution, was close to some of the members of the 'Gesellschaft der freien M\u00e4nner' and participated in one of the then-frequent students tumults. In 1796 von Sinclair entered the civil service of the landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg, but kept in touch with H\u00f6lderlin, giving him friendly support. H\u00f6lderlin included von Sinclair in his 1797-99 novel \"Hyperion\" as the character Alabanda, whilst his poem \"An Eduard\" (\"To Eduard\", 1800-04) elaborated on the revolutionary brotherhood between the two men. After leaving the Gontard household in Frankfurt am Main, H\u00f6lderlin came to Homburg at the end of September 1798 and stayed until June 1799.", "H\u00f6lderlinturm The H\u00f6lderlinturm (English: H\u00f6lderlin Tower) is a building located in T\u00fcbingen, Germany that served as the place of residence and death in the final years of poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. He lived there from May 3, 1807 until his death in 1843. The building is located on the Neckar riverfront and is one of the most popularly known sites in T\u00fcbingen. The construction of the building traces back to the 13th century. The stone foundation originates from the medieval city wall that originally ran along the northern bank of the Neckar. H\u00f6lderlin was forcibly admitted by his family to the clinic of physician Johann Autenrieth on September 15, 1806. The 34-year-old master carpenter Ernst Friedrich Zimmer acquired the property in 1807. H\u00f6lderlin was released on May 3, 1807, around the same time as Zimmer's purchase, with a prognosis of incurable illness and three years to live (\"h\u00f6chstens noch drei Jahre\"). Autenrieth, meanwhile, had encouraged Zimmer to take H\u00f6lderlin into his home, and, looking back on the situation, Zimmer wrote:  H\u00f6lderlin moved into the first floor of Zimmer's residence the day after his release and lived there until his death in 1843. During H\u00f6lderlin's tower period, he often wrote under the pseudonym Scardanelli. He also received visitors from the neighboring T\u00fcbinger Stift, the school H\u00f6lderlin himself had once attended. A visit to the ill H\u00f6lderlin by Eduard M\u00f6rike and Wilhelm Waiblinger, figures both known for their relationship to H\u00f6lderlin, is documented by Hermann Hesse in his 1914 short story \"\"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\"\" (\"In Pressel's Garden-House\").", "Charlotte von Kalb Charlotte Sophia Juliana von Kalb (25 July 1761 \u2013 12 May 1843) was a German writer who associated with poets Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Jean Paul. Charlotte Sophia Juliana, Baroness Marshal of Ostheim, was born in Saal an der Saale in 1761. She was characterized as neurotic in her youth. She married Major Heinrich Julius Alexander von Kalb on 25 October 1783. He was a veteran of France's involvement with the American War of Independence. Her marriage was an unhappy one as her husband was devoted to his career and they only spent their winters together. She employed Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, then a young poet, as a tutor for her son. She was also associated with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Von Kalb was more than just a socialite and was said to have been asked to pass on Goethe's ideas about the development of animals' skulls to Professor Johann Herder. The idea was that skulls developed from vertebrae, an idea that is now discredited. Friedrich Schiller had an affair with von Kalb in the 1780s after they met in Mannheim in 1784. Schiller was two years older than she and they were together for a number of years; there was talk of von Kalb divorcing and remarrying. Schiller is said to have based a number of his female characters on von Kalb. Eventually Schiller convinced himself that they needed to separate, but he needed help from his family and friends to extricate himself. Schiller married in 1790. In 1796, von Kalb began her correspondence with Jean Paul. The primary interest was intellectual but Jean Paul was flattered and arranged to travel to Weimar to meet her in person.", "Song cycles (Killmayer) Wilhelm Killmayer, a German composer, wrote several song cycles, which form a substantial part of his compositions. The earliest cycle dates from 1953, the last was completed in 2008. He set poems by German romantic writers such as Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Joseph von Eichendorff, but was also inspired by French, Greek and Spanish poems, and by texts from the 20th-century poets Georg Trakl and Peter H\u00e4rtling. He used mostly piano to accompany a singer, but also added percussion or other instruments, and scored some cycles in a version for voice and orchestra. His \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\", setting poems from the author's late period, were performed at major festivals and recorded. Interested in poetry and the voice, Killmayer composed more than 200 Lieder, including several song cycles. Most of them are set for voice and piano. Many songs set poems from German romantic poetry, such as others on 20th-century poems. Killmayer wrote four cycles of \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\" based on poems by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, especially from his late period, two cycles based on Georg Trakl (1993 and 1996), and one based on Peter H\u00e4rtling (1993). Killmayer was first inspired by texts of French authors of the Renaissance, such as Charles d'Orl\u00e9ans, Mal Mari\u00e9e and Cl\u00e9ment Marot (1953), and by poems of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca in German (1954), which he set for soprano, piano, ensemble or percussion. From the 1990s, he composed cycles on poems by St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and Sappho. Returning to German romanticism he set two song cycles based on poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for men's chorus, a songbook inspired by Heinrich Heine, a cycle based on poems and Eduard M\u00f6rike.", "H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn &quot;The Ister&quot;  H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\" () is the title given to a lecture course delivered by German philosopher Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg in 1942. It was first published in 1984 as volume 53 of Heidegger's \"Gesamtausgabe\". The translation by William McNeill and Julia Davis was published in 1996 by Indiana University Press. \" Der Ister\" is a poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, the title of which refers to an ancient name for a part of the Danube River. In 1942, in the darkest depths of World War II and the National Socialist period, Heidegger chose to deliver a lecture course on a single poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin: \"\"Der Ister\",\" about the river Danube. The course explored the meaning of poetry, the nature of technology, the relationship between ancient Greece and modern Germany, the essence of politics, and human dwelling. The central third of the lecture course is a reading of Sophocles' \"Antigone\". Heidegger undertakes this reading of \"Antigone\" ostensibly because of the importance of this text for grasping the meaning of H\u00f6lderlin's poetry, but in doing so he repeats and extends a reading he had conducted in a different context in 1935. In terms of Heidegger's \"oeuvre\", the 1942 lecture course is significant in that it is Heidegger's most sustained discussion of the essence of politics. Heidegger was only able to deliver two-thirds of the written text of the lecture course. The lecture course is divided into three parts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin do in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Holderlin found no satisfaction in the prevailing Protestant theology, and worked instead as a private tutor.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13075cce17a84e0797646d627f7b037d_0_q#2", "question": "Did he continue at the monastery or move on to something else?", "rewrite": "Did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin move on to something else, besides the monastery?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Ister (film) The Ister is a 2004 documentary film directed by David Barison and Daniel Ross. The film is loosely based on the works of philosopher Martin Heidegger, in particular the 1942 lecture course he delivered, \" H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\", concerning a poem, \"Der Ister\", by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. The film had its premiere at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2004. \"The Ister\" was inspired by a 1942 lecture course delivered by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, published in 1984 as \"H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\". Heidegger's lecture course concerns a poem by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin about the Danube River. The film \" The Ister\" travels upstream along the Danube toward its source, as several interviewees discuss Heidegger, H\u00f6lderlin, and philosophy. The film is also concerned with a number of other themes, including: time, poetry, technology, home, war, politics, myth, National Socialism, the Holocaust, the ancient Greek polis, Sophocles, \"Antigone\", Agnes Bernauer, Edmund Husserl, the 1991 battle of Vukovar, and the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. \"The Ister\" features extensive interviews with the French philosophers Bernard Stiegler, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, as well as with the German film director Hans-J\u00fcrgen Syberberg. Other interviews are conducted with a bridge engineer (Nemanja Calic), an amateur botanist (Tobias Maier), and a Romanian archaeologist (). An extended interview with philosopher Werner Hamacher is also included as one of the \"extra features\" on the DVD.", "Song cycles (Killmayer) Wilhelm Killmayer, a German composer, wrote several song cycles, which form a substantial part of his compositions. The earliest cycle dates from 1953, the last was completed in 2008. He set poems by German romantic writers such as Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Joseph von Eichendorff, but was also inspired by French, Greek and Spanish poems, and by texts from the 20th-century poets Georg Trakl and Peter H\u00e4rtling. He used mostly piano to accompany a singer, but also added percussion or other instruments, and scored some cycles in a version for voice and orchestra. His \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\", setting poems from the author's late period, were performed at major festivals and recorded. Interested in poetry and the voice, Killmayer composed more than 200 Lieder, including several song cycles. Most of them are set for voice and piano. Many songs set poems from German romantic poetry, such as others on 20th-century poems. Killmayer wrote four cycles of \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\" based on poems by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, especially from his late period, two cycles based on Georg Trakl (1993 and 1996), and one based on Peter H\u00e4rtling (1993). Killmayer was first inspired by texts of French authors of the Renaissance, such as Charles d'Orl\u00e9ans, Mal Mari\u00e9e and Cl\u00e9ment Marot (1953), and by poems of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca in German (1954), which he set for soprano, piano, ensemble or percussion. From the 1990s, he composed cycles on poems by St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and Sappho. Returning to German romanticism he set two song cycles based on poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for men's chorus, a songbook inspired by Heinrich Heine, a cycle based on poems and Eduard M\u00f6rike.", "In this essay, Nancy looks for a different conception of painting where painting is not a representation of the empirical world, but a presentation of the world, of sense, or of existence. Nancy has published books on film and music, as well as texts on the problem of representation, on the statute of literature, on image and violence, and on the work of On Kawara, Charles Baudelaire, and Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. Nancy's text \"L'intrus\" formed the basis for French director Claire Denis's film of the same name. He has written extensively on film, including \"The Evidence of Film,\" a short work on Abbas Kiarostami. Nancy appears in the film \"The Ister\", based on Martin Heidegger's 1942 lectures on Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin's poem \"Der Ister\" (published as \"H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\"\"). The film focuses on the relation of politics, technology and myth. Nancy has developed three films in conjunction with artist-filmmaker Phillip Warnell. He appears in their 2009 film Outlandish: 'Strange Foreign Bodies', which also features a text he wrote specifically for the project, \u00c9tranges Corps \u00c9trangers. Nancy contributed a poem, 'Oh The Animals of Language' to Warnell's 2014 feature-length film 'Ming of Harlem: Twenty One Storeys in the Air'. Warnell and Nancy worked on a new text-film collaboration which was completed in 2017, 'The Flying Proletarian'.", "H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn &quot;The Ister&quot;  H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\" () is the title given to a lecture course delivered by German philosopher Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg in 1942. It was first published in 1984 as volume 53 of Heidegger's \"Gesamtausgabe\". The translation by William McNeill and Julia Davis was published in 1996 by Indiana University Press. \" Der Ister\" is a poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, the title of which refers to an ancient name for a part of the Danube River. In 1942, in the darkest depths of World War II and the National Socialist period, Heidegger chose to deliver a lecture course on a single poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin: \"\"Der Ister\",\" about the river Danube. The course explored the meaning of poetry, the nature of technology, the relationship between ancient Greece and modern Germany, the essence of politics, and human dwelling. The central third of the lecture course is a reading of Sophocles' \"Antigone\". Heidegger undertakes this reading of \"Antigone\" ostensibly because of the importance of this text for grasping the meaning of H\u00f6lderlin's poetry, but in doing so he repeats and extends a reading he had conducted in a different context in 1935. In terms of Heidegger's \"oeuvre\", the 1942 lecture course is significant in that it is Heidegger's most sustained discussion of the essence of politics. Heidegger was only able to deliver two-thirds of the written text of the lecture course. The lecture course is divided into three parts.", "H\u00f6lderlinturm The H\u00f6lderlinturm (English: H\u00f6lderlin Tower) is a building located in T\u00fcbingen, Germany that served as the place of residence and death in the final years of poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. He lived there from May 3, 1807 until his death in 1843. The building is located on the Neckar riverfront and is one of the most popularly known sites in T\u00fcbingen. The construction of the building traces back to the 13th century. The stone foundation originates from the medieval city wall that originally ran along the northern bank of the Neckar. H\u00f6lderlin was forcibly admitted by his family to the clinic of physician Johann Autenrieth on September 15, 1806. The 34-year-old master carpenter Ernst Friedrich Zimmer acquired the property in 1807. H\u00f6lderlin was released on May 3, 1807, around the same time as Zimmer's purchase, with a prognosis of incurable illness and three years to live (\"h\u00f6chstens noch drei Jahre\"). Autenrieth, meanwhile, had encouraged Zimmer to take H\u00f6lderlin into his home, and, looking back on the situation, Zimmer wrote:  H\u00f6lderlin moved into the first floor of Zimmer's residence the day after his release and lived there until his death in 1843. During H\u00f6lderlin's tower period, he often wrote under the pseudonym Scardanelli. He also received visitors from the neighboring T\u00fcbinger Stift, the school H\u00f6lderlin himself had once attended. A visit to the ill H\u00f6lderlin by Eduard M\u00f6rike and Wilhelm Waiblinger, figures both known for their relationship to H\u00f6lderlin, is documented by Hermann Hesse in his 1914 short story \"\"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\"\" (\"In Pressel's Garden-House\")."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin do in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Holderlin found no satisfaction in the prevailing Protestant theology, and worked instead as a private tutor.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What studies did he tutor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13075cce17a84e0797646d627f7b037d_0_q#3", "question": "Did he switch careers?", "rewrite": "Did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin switch careers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["H\u00f6lderlinturm The H\u00f6lderlinturm (English: H\u00f6lderlin Tower) is a building located in T\u00fcbingen, Germany that served as the place of residence and death in the final years of poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. He lived there from May 3, 1807 until his death in 1843. The building is located on the Neckar riverfront and is one of the most popularly known sites in T\u00fcbingen. The construction of the building traces back to the 13th century. The stone foundation originates from the medieval city wall that originally ran along the northern bank of the Neckar. H\u00f6lderlin was forcibly admitted by his family to the clinic of physician Johann Autenrieth on September 15, 1806. The 34-year-old master carpenter Ernst Friedrich Zimmer acquired the property in 1807. H\u00f6lderlin was released on May 3, 1807, around the same time as Zimmer's purchase, with a prognosis of incurable illness and three years to live (\"h\u00f6chstens noch drei Jahre\"). Autenrieth, meanwhile, had encouraged Zimmer to take H\u00f6lderlin into his home, and, looking back on the situation, Zimmer wrote:  H\u00f6lderlin moved into the first floor of Zimmer's residence the day after his release and lived there until his death in 1843. During H\u00f6lderlin's tower period, he often wrote under the pseudonym Scardanelli. He also received visitors from the neighboring T\u00fcbinger Stift, the school H\u00f6lderlin himself had once attended. A visit to the ill H\u00f6lderlin by Eduard M\u00f6rike and Wilhelm Waiblinger, figures both known for their relationship to H\u00f6lderlin, is documented by Hermann Hesse in his 1914 short story \"\"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\"\" (\"In Pressel's Garden-House\").", "H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn &quot;The Ister&quot;  H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\" () is the title given to a lecture course delivered by German philosopher Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg in 1942. It was first published in 1984 as volume 53 of Heidegger's \"Gesamtausgabe\". The translation by William McNeill and Julia Davis was published in 1996 by Indiana University Press. \" Der Ister\" is a poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, the title of which refers to an ancient name for a part of the Danube River. In 1942, in the darkest depths of World War II and the National Socialist period, Heidegger chose to deliver a lecture course on a single poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin: \"\"Der Ister\",\" about the river Danube. The course explored the meaning of poetry, the nature of technology, the relationship between ancient Greece and modern Germany, the essence of politics, and human dwelling. The central third of the lecture course is a reading of Sophocles' \"Antigone\". Heidegger undertakes this reading of \"Antigone\" ostensibly because of the importance of this text for grasping the meaning of H\u00f6lderlin's poetry, but in doing so he repeats and extends a reading he had conducted in a different context in 1935. In terms of Heidegger's \"oeuvre\", the 1942 lecture course is significant in that it is Heidegger's most sustained discussion of the essence of politics. Heidegger was only able to deliver two-thirds of the written text of the lecture course. The lecture course is divided into three parts.", "Song cycles (Killmayer) Wilhelm Killmayer, a German composer, wrote several song cycles, which form a substantial part of his compositions. The earliest cycle dates from 1953, the last was completed in 2008. He set poems by German romantic writers such as Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Joseph von Eichendorff, but was also inspired by French, Greek and Spanish poems, and by texts from the 20th-century poets Georg Trakl and Peter H\u00e4rtling. He used mostly piano to accompany a singer, but also added percussion or other instruments, and scored some cycles in a version for voice and orchestra. His \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\", setting poems from the author's late period, were performed at major festivals and recorded. Interested in poetry and the voice, Killmayer composed more than 200 Lieder, including several song cycles. Most of them are set for voice and piano. Many songs set poems from German romantic poetry, such as others on 20th-century poems. Killmayer wrote four cycles of \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\" based on poems by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, especially from his late period, two cycles based on Georg Trakl (1993 and 1996), and one based on Peter H\u00e4rtling (1993). Killmayer was first inspired by texts of French authors of the Renaissance, such as Charles d'Orl\u00e9ans, Mal Mari\u00e9e and Cl\u00e9ment Marot (1953), and by poems of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca in German (1954), which he set for soprano, piano, ensemble or percussion. From the 1990s, he composed cycles on poems by St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and Sappho. Returning to German romanticism he set two song cycles based on poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for men's chorus, a songbook inspired by Heinrich Heine, a cycle based on poems and Eduard M\u00f6rike.", "In this essay, Nancy looks for a different conception of painting where painting is not a representation of the empirical world, but a presentation of the world, of sense, or of existence. Nancy has published books on film and music, as well as texts on the problem of representation, on the statute of literature, on image and violence, and on the work of On Kawara, Charles Baudelaire, and Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. Nancy's text \"L'intrus\" formed the basis for French director Claire Denis's film of the same name. He has written extensively on film, including \"The Evidence of Film,\" a short work on Abbas Kiarostami. Nancy appears in the film \"The Ister\", based on Martin Heidegger's 1942 lectures on Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin's poem \"Der Ister\" (published as \"H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\"\"). The film focuses on the relation of politics, technology and myth. Nancy has developed three films in conjunction with artist-filmmaker Phillip Warnell. He appears in their 2009 film Outlandish: 'Strange Foreign Bodies', which also features a text he wrote specifically for the project, \u00c9tranges Corps \u00c9trangers. Nancy contributed a poem, 'Oh The Animals of Language' to Warnell's 2014 feature-length film 'Ming of Harlem: Twenty One Storeys in the Air'. Warnell and Nancy worked on a new text-film collaboration which was completed in 2017, 'The Flying Proletarian'.", "Nosiola is a minor blending component in the white wines of the Valdadige DOC that spans across the provinces of Bolzano and Trento and into the Veneto wine region province of Verona. Here Nosiola plays a supporting role along with Bianchetta Trevigiana, Trebbiano Toscano, Vernaccia, Sylvaner and Veltliner bianco to the Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Riesling Italico, Muller-Thurgau and Chardonnay that makes up the bulk of the wine. Nosiola destined for DOC wine production are limited to a harvest yield of no greater than 14 tonnes/ha and a minimum alcohol level of 10.5% for the wines. According to Master of Wine Jancis Robinson, Nosiola produces very aromatic light-bodied wines that can have a slight bitter note. As a dry varietal wine, these notes can include citrus, apricot and peach fruit flavors as well as characteristic subtle hazelnut note. When made as a \"Vin Santo\", often aided by the effect of noble rot on the late harvested grapes, the wines are more fuller-bodied and luscious with notes of orange peel, apricot, lime, pineapple and quince. Wine writers Joe Bastianich and David Lynch describe Nosiola wine as having apple and lemon notes with some minerality. Over the years Nosiola has been known under a variety of synonyms including Groppello bianco, Durella, Nosella, Nosellara, Nosilla, Nosiola Gentile, Nosiola Trentina, Nosiola Spinarola, Nusiola, Nusiola Gentile, Rabiosa, Spargelen (in the Alto Adige region), Spargeren and Spatfelen."], "answer": {"text": "attempting to establish himself as a poet,", "answer_start": 1167}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin do in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Holderlin found no satisfaction in the prevailing Protestant theology, and worked instead as a private tutor.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What studies did he tutor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue at the monastery or move on to something else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13075cce17a84e0797646d627f7b037d_0_q#4", "question": "How did that go?", "rewrite": "How did establishing himself as a poet go for Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Ister (film) The Ister is a 2004 documentary film directed by David Barison and Daniel Ross. The film is loosely based on the works of philosopher Martin Heidegger, in particular the 1942 lecture course he delivered, \" H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\", concerning a poem, \"Der Ister\", by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. The film had its premiere at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2004. \"The Ister\" was inspired by a 1942 lecture course delivered by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, published in 1984 as \"H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\". Heidegger's lecture course concerns a poem by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin about the Danube River. The film \" The Ister\" travels upstream along the Danube toward its source, as several interviewees discuss Heidegger, H\u00f6lderlin, and philosophy. The film is also concerned with a number of other themes, including: time, poetry, technology, home, war, politics, myth, National Socialism, the Holocaust, the ancient Greek polis, Sophocles, \"Antigone\", Agnes Bernauer, Edmund Husserl, the 1991 battle of Vukovar, and the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. \"The Ister\" features extensive interviews with the French philosophers Bernard Stiegler, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, as well as with the German film director Hans-J\u00fcrgen Syberberg. Other interviews are conducted with a bridge engineer (Nemanja Calic), an amateur botanist (Tobias Maier), and a Romanian archaeologist (). An extended interview with philosopher Werner Hamacher is also included as one of the \"extra features\" on the DVD.", "H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn &quot;The Ister&quot;  H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\" () is the title given to a lecture course delivered by German philosopher Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg in 1942. It was first published in 1984 as volume 53 of Heidegger's \"Gesamtausgabe\". The translation by William McNeill and Julia Davis was published in 1996 by Indiana University Press. \" Der Ister\" is a poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, the title of which refers to an ancient name for a part of the Danube River. In 1942, in the darkest depths of World War II and the National Socialist period, Heidegger chose to deliver a lecture course on a single poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin: \"\"Der Ister\",\" about the river Danube. The course explored the meaning of poetry, the nature of technology, the relationship between ancient Greece and modern Germany, the essence of politics, and human dwelling. The central third of the lecture course is a reading of Sophocles' \"Antigone\". Heidegger undertakes this reading of \"Antigone\" ostensibly because of the importance of this text for grasping the meaning of H\u00f6lderlin's poetry, but in doing so he repeats and extends a reading he had conducted in a different context in 1935. In terms of Heidegger's \"oeuvre\", the 1942 lecture course is significant in that it is Heidegger's most sustained discussion of the essence of politics. Heidegger was only able to deliver two-thirds of the written text of the lecture course. The lecture course is divided into three parts.", "Song cycles (Killmayer) Wilhelm Killmayer, a German composer, wrote several song cycles, which form a substantial part of his compositions. The earliest cycle dates from 1953, the last was completed in 2008. He set poems by German romantic writers such as Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Joseph von Eichendorff, but was also inspired by French, Greek and Spanish poems, and by texts from the 20th-century poets Georg Trakl and Peter H\u00e4rtling. He used mostly piano to accompany a singer, but also added percussion or other instruments, and scored some cycles in a version for voice and orchestra. His \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\", setting poems from the author's late period, were performed at major festivals and recorded. Interested in poetry and the voice, Killmayer composed more than 200 Lieder, including several song cycles. Most of them are set for voice and piano. Many songs set poems from German romantic poetry, such as others on 20th-century poems. Killmayer wrote four cycles of \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\" based on poems by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, especially from his late period, two cycles based on Georg Trakl (1993 and 1996), and one based on Peter H\u00e4rtling (1993). Killmayer was first inspired by texts of French authors of the Renaissance, such as Charles d'Orl\u00e9ans, Mal Mari\u00e9e and Cl\u00e9ment Marot (1953), and by poems of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca in German (1954), which he set for soprano, piano, ensemble or percussion. From the 1990s, he composed cycles on poems by St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and Sappho. Returning to German romanticism he set two song cycles based on poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for men's chorus, a songbook inspired by Heinrich Heine, a cycle based on poems and Eduard M\u00f6rike.", "Wilhelm Waiblinger Wilhelm Waiblinger (; 21 November 1804 \u2013 17 or 30 January 1830) was a German romantic poet, mostly remembered today in connection with Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. After he had attended Gymnasium Illustre in Stuttgart, he was a student at the seminary of T\u00fcbingen in the 1820s, when H\u00f6lderlin, already mentally ill, lived there as a recluse in a carpenter's house. Waiblinger, who used to visit the older poet and take him out for walks, left an account of H\u00f6lderlin's life then, \"H\u00f6lderlins Leben, Dichtung und Wahnsinn\" (\"H\u00f6lderlin's life, poetry and madness\"). In the late 1820s, Waiblinger left T\u00fcbingen for Italy, dying at the age of 25 in Rome, where he is buried in the Protestant Cemetery. In his short story \"\"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\"\" (\"In Pressel\u2019s Garden-house\", 1913), Hermann Hesse gives a touching picture of a visit to H\u00f6lderlin by Waiblinger and the poet Eduard M\u00f6rike, both young theology students in T\u00fcbingen, like H\u00f6lderlin himself decades before.", "H\u00f6lderlinturm The H\u00f6lderlinturm (English: H\u00f6lderlin Tower) is a building located in T\u00fcbingen, Germany that served as the place of residence and death in the final years of poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. He lived there from May 3, 1807 until his death in 1843. The building is located on the Neckar riverfront and is one of the most popularly known sites in T\u00fcbingen. The construction of the building traces back to the 13th century. The stone foundation originates from the medieval city wall that originally ran along the northern bank of the Neckar. H\u00f6lderlin was forcibly admitted by his family to the clinic of physician Johann Autenrieth on September 15, 1806. The 34-year-old master carpenter Ernst Friedrich Zimmer acquired the property in 1807. H\u00f6lderlin was released on May 3, 1807, around the same time as Zimmer's purchase, with a prognosis of incurable illness and three years to live (\"h\u00f6chstens noch drei Jahre\"). Autenrieth, meanwhile, had encouraged Zimmer to take H\u00f6lderlin into his home, and, looking back on the situation, Zimmer wrote:  H\u00f6lderlin moved into the first floor of Zimmer's residence the day after his release and lived there until his death in 1843. During H\u00f6lderlin's tower period, he often wrote under the pseudonym Scardanelli. He also received visitors from the neighboring T\u00fcbinger Stift, the school H\u00f6lderlin himself had once attended. A visit to the ill H\u00f6lderlin by Eduard M\u00f6rike and Wilhelm Waiblinger, figures both known for their relationship to H\u00f6lderlin, is documented by Hermann Hesse in his 1914 short story \"\"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\"\" (\"In Pressel's Garden-House\")."], "answer": {"text": "his life was plagued by financed worries and had to accept a small allowance from his mother.", "answer_start": 1214}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin do in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Holderlin found no satisfaction in the prevailing Protestant theology, and worked instead as a private tutor.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What studies did he tutor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue at the monastery or move on to something else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he switch careers?", "answer": {"text": "attempting to establish himself as a poet,", "answer_start": 1167, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13075cce17a84e0797646d627f7b037d_0_q#5", "question": "How much was the allowance?", "rewrite": "How much was the allowance from Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin's mother?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn &quot;The Ister&quot;  H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\" () is the title given to a lecture course delivered by German philosopher Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg in 1942. It was first published in 1984 as volume 53 of Heidegger's \"Gesamtausgabe\". The translation by William McNeill and Julia Davis was published in 1996 by Indiana University Press. \" Der Ister\" is a poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, the title of which refers to an ancient name for a part of the Danube River. In 1942, in the darkest depths of World War II and the National Socialist period, Heidegger chose to deliver a lecture course on a single poem by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin: \"\"Der Ister\",\" about the river Danube. The course explored the meaning of poetry, the nature of technology, the relationship between ancient Greece and modern Germany, the essence of politics, and human dwelling. The central third of the lecture course is a reading of Sophocles' \"Antigone\". Heidegger undertakes this reading of \"Antigone\" ostensibly because of the importance of this text for grasping the meaning of H\u00f6lderlin's poetry, but in doing so he repeats and extends a reading he had conducted in a different context in 1935. In terms of Heidegger's \"oeuvre\", the 1942 lecture course is significant in that it is Heidegger's most sustained discussion of the essence of politics. Heidegger was only able to deliver two-thirds of the written text of the lecture course. The lecture course is divided into three parts.", "Song cycles (Killmayer) Wilhelm Killmayer, a German composer, wrote several song cycles, which form a substantial part of his compositions. The earliest cycle dates from 1953, the last was completed in 2008. He set poems by German romantic writers such as Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin and Joseph von Eichendorff, but was also inspired by French, Greek and Spanish poems, and by texts from the 20th-century poets Georg Trakl and Peter H\u00e4rtling. He used mostly piano to accompany a singer, but also added percussion or other instruments, and scored some cycles in a version for voice and orchestra. His \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\", setting poems from the author's late period, were performed at major festivals and recorded. Interested in poetry and the voice, Killmayer composed more than 200 Lieder, including several song cycles. Most of them are set for voice and piano. Many songs set poems from German romantic poetry, such as others on 20th-century poems. Killmayer wrote four cycles of \"H\u00f6lderlin-Lieder\" based on poems by Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin, especially from his late period, two cycles based on Georg Trakl (1993 and 1996), and one based on Peter H\u00e4rtling (1993). Killmayer was first inspired by texts of French authors of the Renaissance, such as Charles d'Orl\u00e9ans, Mal Mari\u00e9e and Cl\u00e9ment Marot (1953), and by poems of Federico Garc\u00eda Lorca in German (1954), which he set for soprano, piano, ensemble or percussion. From the 1990s, he composed cycles on poems by St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and Sappho. Returning to German romanticism he set two song cycles based on poems by Joseph von Eichendorff for men's chorus, a songbook inspired by Heinrich Heine, a cycle based on poems and Eduard M\u00f6rike.", "In this essay, Nancy looks for a different conception of painting where painting is not a representation of the empirical world, but a presentation of the world, of sense, or of existence. Nancy has published books on film and music, as well as texts on the problem of representation, on the statute of literature, on image and violence, and on the work of On Kawara, Charles Baudelaire, and Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. Nancy's text \"L'intrus\" formed the basis for French director Claire Denis's film of the same name. He has written extensively on film, including \"The Evidence of Film,\" a short work on Abbas Kiarostami. Nancy appears in the film \"The Ister\", based on Martin Heidegger's 1942 lectures on Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin's poem \"Der Ister\" (published as \"H\u00f6lderlin's Hymn \"The Ister\"\"). The film focuses on the relation of politics, technology and myth. Nancy has developed three films in conjunction with artist-filmmaker Phillip Warnell. He appears in their 2009 film Outlandish: 'Strange Foreign Bodies', which also features a text he wrote specifically for the project, \u00c9tranges Corps \u00c9trangers. Nancy contributed a poem, 'Oh The Animals of Language' to Warnell's 2014 feature-length film 'Ming of Harlem: Twenty One Storeys in the Air'. Warnell and Nancy worked on a new text-film collaboration which was completed in 2017, 'The Flying Proletarian'.", "H\u00f6lderlinturm The H\u00f6lderlinturm (English: H\u00f6lderlin Tower) is a building located in T\u00fcbingen, Germany that served as the place of residence and death in the final years of poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. He lived there from May 3, 1807 until his death in 1843. The building is located on the Neckar riverfront and is one of the most popularly known sites in T\u00fcbingen. The construction of the building traces back to the 13th century. The stone foundation originates from the medieval city wall that originally ran along the northern bank of the Neckar. H\u00f6lderlin was forcibly admitted by his family to the clinic of physician Johann Autenrieth on September 15, 1806. The 34-year-old master carpenter Ernst Friedrich Zimmer acquired the property in 1807. H\u00f6lderlin was released on May 3, 1807, around the same time as Zimmer's purchase, with a prognosis of incurable illness and three years to live (\"h\u00f6chstens noch drei Jahre\"). Autenrieth, meanwhile, had encouraged Zimmer to take H\u00f6lderlin into his home, and, looking back on the situation, Zimmer wrote:  H\u00f6lderlin moved into the first floor of Zimmer's residence the day after his release and lived there until his death in 1843. During H\u00f6lderlin's tower period, he often wrote under the pseudonym Scardanelli. He also received visitors from the neighboring T\u00fcbinger Stift, the school H\u00f6lderlin himself had once attended. A visit to the ill H\u00f6lderlin by Eduard M\u00f6rike and Wilhelm Waiblinger, figures both known for their relationship to H\u00f6lderlin, is documented by Hermann Hesse in his 1914 short story \"\"Im Presselschen Gartenhaus\"\" (\"In Pressel's Garden-House\").", "The Ister (film) The Ister is a 2004 documentary film directed by David Barison and Daniel Ross. The film is loosely based on the works of philosopher Martin Heidegger, in particular the 1942 lecture course he delivered, \" H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\", concerning a poem, \"Der Ister\", by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin. The film had its premiere at the International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2004. \"The Ister\" was inspired by a 1942 lecture course delivered by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, published in 1984 as \"H\u00f6lderlins Hymne \u00abDer Ister\u00bb\". Heidegger's lecture course concerns a poem by the German poet Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin about the Danube River. The film \" The Ister\" travels upstream along the Danube toward its source, as several interviewees discuss Heidegger, H\u00f6lderlin, and philosophy. The film is also concerned with a number of other themes, including: time, poetry, technology, home, war, politics, myth, National Socialism, the Holocaust, the ancient Greek polis, Sophocles, \"Antigone\", Agnes Bernauer, Edmund Husserl, the 1991 battle of Vukovar, and the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. \"The Ister\" features extensive interviews with the French philosophers Bernard Stiegler, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, as well as with the German film director Hans-J\u00fcrgen Syberberg. Other interviews are conducted with a bridge engineer (Nemanja Calic), an amateur botanist (Tobias Maier), and a Romanian archaeologist (). An extended interview with philosopher Werner Hamacher is also included as one of the \"extra features\" on the DVD."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Friedrich H\u00f6lderlin do in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Holderlin found no satisfaction in the prevailing Protestant theology, and worked instead as a private tutor.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What studies did he tutor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he continue at the monastery or move on to something else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he switch careers?", "answer": {"text": "attempting to establish himself as a poet,", "answer_start": 1167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did that go?", "answer": {"text": "his life was plagued by financed worries and had to accept a small allowance from his mother.", "answer_start": 1214, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43b497e0036740d2899a12ab373ee4b4_1_q#0", "question": "Why did Tallulah Bankhead leave broadway?", "rewrite": "Why did Tallulah Bankhead leave broadway?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Looped Looped is a play by Matthew Lombardo about an event surrounding actress Tallulah Bankhead. It had a Broadway run in 2010, after two previous productions in 2008 and 2009, all three of them featuring Valerie Harper. Based on a real event, \"Looped\" takes place in the summer of 1965, when an inebriated Tallulah Bankhead needed eight hours to redub - or loop - one line of dialogue for her last movie, \"Fanatic\". Though Bankhead's outsized personality dominates the play, the sub-story involves her battle of wills with a film editor named Danny Miller, who has been selected to work that particular sound editing session. \"Looped\" premiered at the Pasadena Playhouse, Pasadena, California in 2008 and then played the Cuillo Centre for the Arts, West Palm Beach, Florida. In Washington, DC the play ran at the Arena Stage in May through June 2009. Valerie Harper starred in all productions. Stefanie Powers\u2014who had starred opposite Bankhead in the \"Die! Die! My Darling!\" film\u2014took over the role after Valerie Harper was diagnosed with brain cancer, at Valerie Harper's request. It began preview performances on Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre on February 19, 2010, and opened on March 14, 2010. Directed by Rob Ruggiero, the play starred Valerie Harper in a Tony Award-nominated performance and featured Brian Hutchison and Michael Mulheren. \"Looped\" closed on April 11, 2010 after 33 performances and 27 previews. The creative team included sets by Adrian W. Jones, costumes by William Ivey Long, lighting by Ken Billington, sound by Michael Hooker, and direction by Rob Ruggiero.", "Marie Bankhead Owen Marie Bankhead Owen (September 1, 1869 \u2013 March 1, 1958) was Director of the Alabama Department of Archives and History for over three decades, as well as a documentarian of Alabama history who authored numerous books on the subject. Owen served as an advisor for the Federal Writers' Project history of the state. In 1939, Owen helped select the Alabama state motto. She was actively opposed to a Federal mandate giving women the right to vote, and believed in the supremacy of the white race. Owen was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1975. Her niece was actress Tallulah Bankhead. Marie Bankhead Owen was born one of five children on September 1, 1869, into an influential family on the Bankhead Plantation, Noxubee County, Mississippi. Her father was John Hollis Bankhead and her mother was Tallulah J. Brockman Bankhead. Marie's paternal ancestors emigrated from Northern Ireland to South Carolina during the 18th century. Her great-great-grandfather was a Revolutionary War participant named John Hollis. Her father served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. During reconstruction, he became a political activist with a platform of white supremacy. He belonged to the Democratic Party and was a supporter of the presidential candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. He served in various capacities, including the United States House of Representatives (1855\u20131906) and the United States Senate (1907\u20131920). Marie had one sister, Louise Bankhead Perry Lund, and three brothers, United States Army officer Henry McAuley Bankhead, United States Senator John H. Bankhead II and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States William B. Bankhead, the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Her family enrolled her in Ward's Seminary in Nashville. She married Thomas McAdory Owen (1866-1920) on April 12, 1893.", "Lifeboat (1944 film)  Lifeboat is a 1944 American survival film directed by Alfred Hitchcock from a story by John Steinbeck. The film stars Tallulah Bankhead with William Bendix. Also in the cast are Walter Slezak, Mary Anderson and John Hodiak, Henry Hull, Heather Angel, Hume Cronyn and Canada Lee. It is set entirely on a lifeboat launched from a passenger vessel torpedoed and sunk by a Nazi U-boat. The film is the first in Hitchcock's \"limited-setting\" films, the others being \"Rope\" (1948), \"Dial M for Murder\" (1954), and \"Rear Window\" (1954). It is the only film Hitchcock made for 20th Century Fox. The film received three Oscar nominations for Best Director, Best Original Story and Best CinematographyBlack and White. Tallulah Bankhead won the New York Film Critics Circle award for best actress of the year. Though highly controversial in its time for what many interpreted as its sympathetic depiction of a German U-boat captain, \"Lifeboat\" is now viewed more favorably and has been listed by several modern critics as one of Hitchcock's more underrated films. Several British and American civilians, service members and merchant mariners are stuck in a lifeboat in the North Atlantic after their ship and a U-boat sink each other in combat. Willi (Walter Slezak), a German survivor, is pulled aboard and denies being the U-boat's captain. During an animated debate, engine room crewman Kovac (John Hodiak) demands the German be thrown out to drown. However, the others object, with radioman Stanley (Hume Cronyn), wealthy industrialist Rittenhouse (Henry Hull) and columnist Connie Porter (Tallulah Bankhead), who speaks German, succeeding in arguing that he be allowed to stay.", "William B. Bankhead William Brockman Bankhead ( April 12, 1874 \u2013 September 15, 1940) was an American politician who served as the 42nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940, representing Alabama's 10th and later 7th congressional districts as a Democrat from 1917 to 1940. Bankhead was a prominent supporter of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal of pro-labor union legislation, thus clashing with most other Southern Democrats in Congress at the time. Bankhead described himself as proud to be a politician, by which he meant that he did not neglect matters that concerned his district or reelection. He was the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Bankhead died on September 15, 1940, from an abdominal hemorrhage, while still in office. Bankhead was born at the Bankhead plantation in Lamar County, Alabama. His father, John H. Bankhead, was an active politician who had served in the Alabama legislature, and later as US Representative and Senator. His mother was Tallulah James Brockman, granddaughter of South Carolina state Senator Thomas Patterson Brockman, and he was raised as a Methodist. Bankhead's brother, John H. Bankhead II, also served in the Senate. William Bankhead attended the University of Alabama, where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and played on the university's first football team, organized in 1892. He studied law at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC, graduating in 1895. He was immediately admitted to the bar in Alabama, and practiced law in Huntsville. In 1898, he became city attorney of Huntsville, serving until 1902. In 1900, he was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for one term, serving through 1901. In 1905, he moved to Jasper, Alabama. In 1910 he was appointed solicitor of the fourteenth judicial circuit of Alabama, serving until 1914.", "Alexandra then states the importance of not idly watching people do evil, and Regina tells her daughter that she cannot do anything to stop her from leaving the household, while hoping that she stays. Alexandra runs away with newspaperman David (Richard Carlson). Regina is left wealthy, but completely alone. The title comes from Chapter 2, Verse 15 in the Song of Solomon in the King James version of the Bible, which reads, \"Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes. \" The same passage also inspired the title of an unrelated film, \"Our Vines Have Tender Grapes\". Tallulah Bankhead had received critical acclaim for her performance in the 1939 Broadway production of Hellman's play, but director William Wyler, who previously had teamed with Bette Davis on \"Jezebel\" and \"The Letter\", insisted on casting her in the lead role instead. Producer Samuel Goldwyn agreed, since none of Bankhead's films had been box office hits. (Coincidentally, Davis had recreated on film another of Bankhead's Broadway roles, Judith Traherne in \"Dark Victory\".) However, Davis was reluctant: \"On \"The Little Foxes\" I begged the producer, Samuel Goldwyn, to let Tallulah Bankhead play Regina because Tallulah was magnificent on the stage. He wouldn't let her.\" Initially Jack L. Warner refused to lend Davis to Goldwyn, who then offered the role to Miriam Hopkins. When Wyler refused to work with her, Goldwyn resumed negotiations with Warner and finally secured Davis for $385,000. As a contract player at Warner Bros., Davis was earning $3,000 a week, and when she discovered how much Warner had received for her appearance in \"Foxes\", she demanded and ultimately received a share of the payment."], "answer": {"text": "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_43b497e0036740d2899a12ab373ee4b4_1_q#1", "question": "what was her first role back?", "rewrite": "What was Tallulah Bankhead's first role after nearly dying following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease, which she claimed she had contracted from George Raft. Only 70 lb (32 kg) when she left the hospital, she stoically said to her doctor, \"Don't think this has taught me a lesson!\" In 1934, after recuperating in Alabama, she returned to England. After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes. Although Bette Davis played the leading character in the 1941 film version, she openly admitted in later years that she had emulated Bankhead in the role. Bankhead continued to play in various performances over the next few years, gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle. Returning to Broadway, Bankhead's career stalled at first in unmemorable plays. When she appeared in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra with her then-husband, John Emery, the New York Evening Post critic John Mason Brown wrote, \"Tallulah Bankhead barged down the Nile last night as Cleopatra - and sank.\" David O. Selznick, producer of Gone with the Wind (1939) called her the \"first choice among established stars\" to play Scarlett O'Hara. Although her screen test for the role in black-and-white was superb, she photographed poorly in Technicolor. Selznick also reportedly believed that at age 36, she was too old to play Scarlett, who is 16 at the beginning of the film (the role eventually went to Vivien Leigh). Selznick sent Kay Brown to Bankhead to discuss the possibility of Bankhead playing prostitute Belle Watling in the film, which she turned down.", "William B. Bankhead William Brockman Bankhead ( April 12, 1874 \u2013 September 15, 1940) was an American politician who served as the 42nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940, representing Alabama's 10th and later 7th congressional districts as a Democrat from 1917 to 1940. Bankhead was a prominent supporter of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal of pro-labor union legislation, thus clashing with most other Southern Democrats in Congress at the time. Bankhead described himself as proud to be a politician, by which he meant that he did not neglect matters that concerned his district or reelection. He was the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Bankhead died on September 15, 1940, from an abdominal hemorrhage, while still in office. Bankhead was born at the Bankhead plantation in Lamar County, Alabama. His father, John H. Bankhead, was an active politician who had served in the Alabama legislature, and later as US Representative and Senator. His mother was Tallulah James Brockman, granddaughter of South Carolina state Senator Thomas Patterson Brockman, and he was raised as a Methodist. Bankhead's brother, John H. Bankhead II, also served in the Senate. William Bankhead attended the University of Alabama, where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and played on the university's first football team, organized in 1892. He studied law at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC, graduating in 1895. He was immediately admitted to the bar in Alabama, and practiced law in Huntsville. In 1898, he became city attorney of Huntsville, serving until 1902. In 1900, he was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for one term, serving through 1901. In 1905, he moved to Jasper, Alabama. In 1910 he was appointed solicitor of the fourteenth judicial circuit of Alabama, serving until 1914.", "Lifeboat (1944 film)  Lifeboat is a 1944 American survival film directed by Alfred Hitchcock from a story by John Steinbeck. The film stars Tallulah Bankhead with William Bendix. Also in the cast are Walter Slezak, Mary Anderson and John Hodiak, Henry Hull, Heather Angel, Hume Cronyn and Canada Lee. It is set entirely on a lifeboat launched from a passenger vessel torpedoed and sunk by a Nazi U-boat. The film is the first in Hitchcock's \"limited-setting\" films, the others being \"Rope\" (1948), \"Dial M for Murder\" (1954), and \"Rear Window\" (1954). It is the only film Hitchcock made for 20th Century Fox. The film received three Oscar nominations for Best Director, Best Original Story and Best CinematographyBlack and White. Tallulah Bankhead won the New York Film Critics Circle award for best actress of the year. Though highly controversial in its time for what many interpreted as its sympathetic depiction of a German U-boat captain, \"Lifeboat\" is now viewed more favorably and has been listed by several modern critics as one of Hitchcock's more underrated films. Several British and American civilians, service members and merchant mariners are stuck in a lifeboat in the North Atlantic after their ship and a U-boat sink each other in combat. Willi (Walter Slezak), a German survivor, is pulled aboard and denies being the U-boat's captain. During an animated debate, engine room crewman Kovac (John Hodiak) demands the German be thrown out to drown. However, the others object, with radioman Stanley (Hume Cronyn), wealthy industrialist Rittenhouse (Henry Hull) and columnist Connie Porter (Tallulah Bankhead), who speaks German, succeeding in arguing that he be allowed to stay.", "Marie Bankhead Owen Marie Bankhead Owen (September 1, 1869 \u2013 March 1, 1958) was Director of the Alabama Department of Archives and History for over three decades, as well as a documentarian of Alabama history who authored numerous books on the subject. Owen served as an advisor for the Federal Writers' Project history of the state. In 1939, Owen helped select the Alabama state motto. She was actively opposed to a Federal mandate giving women the right to vote, and believed in the supremacy of the white race. Owen was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1975. Her niece was actress Tallulah Bankhead. Marie Bankhead Owen was born one of five children on September 1, 1869, into an influential family on the Bankhead Plantation, Noxubee County, Mississippi. Her father was John Hollis Bankhead and her mother was Tallulah J. Brockman Bankhead. Marie's paternal ancestors emigrated from Northern Ireland to South Carolina during the 18th century. Her great-great-grandfather was a Revolutionary War participant named John Hollis. Her father served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. During reconstruction, he became a political activist with a platform of white supremacy. He belonged to the Democratic Party and was a supporter of the presidential candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. He served in various capacities, including the United States House of Representatives (1855\u20131906) and the United States Senate (1907\u20131920). Marie had one sister, Louise Bankhead Perry Lund, and three brothers, United States Army officer Henry McAuley Bankhead, United States Senator John H. Bankhead II and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States William B. Bankhead, the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Her family enrolled her in Ward's Seminary in Nashville. She married Thomas McAdory Owen (1866-1920) on April 12, 1893.", "In the report, Fosdick urges preventative measures be taken against prostitution and the spread of venereal disease: \"\"take all steps necessary to suppress prostitution in the neighborhood of military training camps... We know something of the experience through which our allies have gone. In some cases as much as thirty three and a third percent of the men have been made ineffective through venereal disease. We cannot afford to have any condition of that kind in connection with American troops.\" \" Shortly after the report was written, The Commission on Training Activities implemented the Chamberlain-Kahn Act. The Chamberlain-Kahn Act of 1918 contains a series of measures intended to stop the spread of venereal disease. Firstly, it created the Interdepartmental Hygiene Board that controlled the allocation of funds for its stated purpose. Secondly, the act authorized the quarantine of citizens suspected of having venereal disease:  \"\"That the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy are hereby authorized and directed to adopt measures for the purpose of assisting the various States in caring for civilian persons whose detention, isolation, quarantine, or commitment to institutions may be found necessary for the protection of the military and naval forces of the United States against venereal diseases.\" \" The act allocates $1,000,000 to fund this quarantine effort. Thirdly, the act created Division of Venereal Disease in the Bureau of the Public Health Service. The stated goal of the Division of Venereal Disease was: \"(1) to study and investigate the cause, treatment, and prevention of venereal diseases; (2) to cooperate with State boards or departments of health for the prevention and control of such diseases within the States; and (3) to control and prevent the spread of these diseases in interstate traffic.\""], "answer": {"text": "After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes.", "answer_start": 344}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Tallulah Bankhead leave broadway?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43b497e0036740d2899a12ab373ee4b4_1_q#2", "question": "what other roles did she get?", "rewrite": "What other roles did Tallulah Bankhead get other than in The Little Foxes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marie Bankhead Owen Marie Bankhead Owen (September 1, 1869 \u2013 March 1, 1958) was Director of the Alabama Department of Archives and History for over three decades, as well as a documentarian of Alabama history who authored numerous books on the subject. Owen served as an advisor for the Federal Writers' Project history of the state. In 1939, Owen helped select the Alabama state motto. She was actively opposed to a Federal mandate giving women the right to vote, and believed in the supremacy of the white race. Owen was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1975. Her niece was actress Tallulah Bankhead. Marie Bankhead Owen was born one of five children on September 1, 1869, into an influential family on the Bankhead Plantation, Noxubee County, Mississippi. Her father was John Hollis Bankhead and her mother was Tallulah J. Brockman Bankhead. Marie's paternal ancestors emigrated from Northern Ireland to South Carolina during the 18th century. Her great-great-grandfather was a Revolutionary War participant named John Hollis. Her father served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. During reconstruction, he became a political activist with a platform of white supremacy. He belonged to the Democratic Party and was a supporter of the presidential candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. He served in various capacities, including the United States House of Representatives (1855\u20131906) and the United States Senate (1907\u20131920). Marie had one sister, Louise Bankhead Perry Lund, and three brothers, United States Army officer Henry McAuley Bankhead, United States Senator John H. Bankhead II and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States William B. Bankhead, the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Her family enrolled her in Ward's Seminary in Nashville. She married Thomas McAdory Owen (1866-1920) on April 12, 1893.", "Her acting was acclaimed by a \"New York Times\" critic, who wrote, \"Miss Collinge plays with the soft, pliant sincerity that makes her one of the most endearing actresses. \" She was a member of the original Broadway cast of \"The Little Foxes\" with Tallulah Bankhead as the lead in 1939, playing the role of the tragic Birdie Hubbard. In 1941, she played the same part in the motion picture version, which starred Bette Davis. Other stage work included roles in productions of \"The Heiress,\" \"Just Suppose,\" \"The Dark Angel,\" \"The Importance of Being Earnest,\" \" To See Ourselves,\" and \"Lady with a Lamp. \" Her final stage appearance came in December 1952 in \"I've Got Sixpence\" at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre. Collinge's film debut in 1941's \"The Little Foxes\" earned her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination. Other films included \"Shadow of a Doubt\" (1943), \"Tender Comrade\" (1943), and \"The Nun's Story\" (1959). According to the featurette included with the DVD of \"Shadow of a Doubt\", Collinge rewrote the scene that takes place in the garage between Teresa Wright and Macdonald Carey. Director Alfred Hitchcock and the actors were reportedly unhappy with the dialogue. Hitchcock was reportedly delighted with her work and used it in the film. She also reportedly worked with Alma Reville (Hitchcock's wife) and Ben Hecht on the screenplay for Hitchcock's \"Lifeboat\" (1944), which also starred Tallulah Bankhead. Collinge appeared in four episodes of the popular series \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents.", "Alexandra then states the importance of not idly watching people do evil, and Regina tells her daughter that she cannot do anything to stop her from leaving the household, while hoping that she stays. Alexandra runs away with newspaperman David (Richard Carlson). Regina is left wealthy, but completely alone. The title comes from Chapter 2, Verse 15 in the Song of Solomon in the King James version of the Bible, which reads, \"Take us the foxes, the little foxes, that spoil the vines: for our vines have tender grapes. \" The same passage also inspired the title of an unrelated film, \"Our Vines Have Tender Grapes\". Tallulah Bankhead had received critical acclaim for her performance in the 1939 Broadway production of Hellman's play, but director William Wyler, who previously had teamed with Bette Davis on \"Jezebel\" and \"The Letter\", insisted on casting her in the lead role instead. Producer Samuel Goldwyn agreed, since none of Bankhead's films had been box office hits. (Coincidentally, Davis had recreated on film another of Bankhead's Broadway roles, Judith Traherne in \"Dark Victory\".) However, Davis was reluctant: \"On \"The Little Foxes\" I begged the producer, Samuel Goldwyn, to let Tallulah Bankhead play Regina because Tallulah was magnificent on the stage. He wouldn't let her.\" Initially Jack L. Warner refused to lend Davis to Goldwyn, who then offered the role to Miriam Hopkins. When Wyler refused to work with her, Goldwyn resumed negotiations with Warner and finally secured Davis for $385,000. As a contract player at Warner Bros., Davis was earning $3,000 a week, and when she discovered how much Warner had received for her appearance in \"Foxes\", she demanded and ultimately received a share of the payment.", "In 1946, Hellman wrote \"Another Part of the Forest\", a prequel chronicling the roots of the Hubbard family. Produced and directed by Herman Shumlin, the original Broadway production of \"The Little Foxes\" opened February 15, 1939, at the National Theatre. It closed February 3, 1940, running for 410 performances before its two-season tour of the United States. On October 30, 1939, Eugenia Rawls replaced Florence Williams in the role of Alexandra Giddens. Rawls had made her Broadway debut as one of the students in Lillian Hellman's 1934 play, \"The Children's Hour\", which was also produced and directed by Herman Shumlin. Rawls played Alexandra for the rest of the play's Broadway run and the national tour that followed. The 104-city tour of \"The Little Foxes\" began February 5, 1940, in Washington, D.C., and ended April 15, 1941, in Philadelphia. Tallulah Bankhead won \"Variety\" magazine's citation as best actress of the 1938\u201339 Broadway season. Lillian Hellman wrote the screenplay for a 1941 film version, a Samuel Goldwyn production directed by William Wyler. Other contributors to the screenplay included Arthur Kober, Dorothy Parker and Alan Campbell. The touring production of \"The Little Foxes\" went on hiatus for three months during filming, and Patricia Collinge, Charles Dingle, Dan Duryea, John Marriott and Carl Benton Reid all reprised their stage roles in their motion picture debuts. Bette Davis, Herbert Marshall and Teresa Wright star as Regina, Horace and Alexandra Giddens. \"The Little Foxes\" was presented on \"Philip Morris Playhouse\" October 10, 1941. The radio adaptation starred Tallulah Bankhead. In 1949, the play was adapted for an opera entitled \"Regina\" by Marc Blitzstein.", "I drifted away from the Communist Party because I seemed to be in the wrong place. My own maverick nature was no more suitable to the political left than it had been to the conservative background from which I came.\" Her play \" The Little Foxes\" opened on Broadway on February 13, 1939, and ran for 410 performances. The play starred Tallulah Bankhead as Regina, and after its success on Broadway the play toured extensively in the United States. The play was Hellman's personal favorite, and by far the most commercially and critically successful play she originated. However, she had an epic feud with Bankhead when Tallulah wanted to perform for a benefit for Finnish Relief, as the USSR had recently invaded Finland. Without thinking Hellman's approval was necessary, Bankhead and the cast told the press the news of the benefit. They were shocked when Hellman and Shumlin declined to give permission for the benefit performance, with the pretense of non-intervention and anti-militarism. Bankhead told reporters, \"I've adopted Spanish Loyalist orphans and sent money to China, causes for which both Mr. Shumlin and Miss Hellman were strenuous proponents ... why should [they] suddenly become so insular?\" Hellman countered her star: \"I don't believe in that fine, lovable little Republic of Finland that everyone gets so weepy about. I've been there and it seems like a little pro-Nazi Republic to me.\" Bankhead, who loathed both Nazism and Communism, was outraged and thought Hellman a moral hypocrite. Hellman had never been to Finland. Bankhead and the cast suspected that Hellman's refusal was motivated by her fanatical devotion to Soviet Russia. Hellman and Bankhead became adversaries as a result of the feud."], "answer": {"text": "gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle.", "answer_start": 661}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Tallulah Bankhead leave broadway?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her first role back?", "answer": {"text": "After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes.", "answer_start": 344, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43b497e0036740d2899a12ab373ee4b4_1_q#3", "question": "what else notable occurred during this time?", "rewrite": "What else notable occurred during 1933-1939 other than that Tallulah Bankhead played Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Todd Bankhead Todd Andrew Bankhead (born June 6, 1977) is a former American football quarterback who played two seasons in the Arena Football League with the New Jersey Gladiators and Georgia Force. He first enrolled at Palomar College before transferring to the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He attended Orange Glen High School in Escondido, California. Bankhead was also a member of the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. Bankhead played high school football for the Orange Glen High School Patriots. He recorded 2,400 passing yards during his high school career and was team captain his senior year. He also played basketball for the Patriots and was a member of National Honor Society. Bankhead played his first two season of college football for the Palomar Comets. He completed 47 of 84 passes for 703 yards with three touchdowns his sophomore year completed 73 of 153 for 1,010 yards with six touchdowns as a freshman. Bankhead played his final two season of college football for the UMass Minutemen. He recorded career totals of 7,018 yards passing, 561 completions, 51 touchdown passes, 931 attempts and 6,821 yards of total offense for the Minutemen. He set single-season records in his junior season with 3,919 yards passing, 303 completions, 34 touchdown passes, an average of 261.3 yards passing per game, 3,756 yards of total offense and 525 attempts. Bankhead helped the Minutemen to their victory in the 1998 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game. He established a school record with a 63.5 percent completion ratio when he had 258 completions in 406 attempts for 3,099 yards and 17 touchdowns during his senior year. He received second-team All-Atlantic 10 Conference honors as a junior and senior. Bankhead signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on June 15, 2000.", "Marie Bankhead Owen Marie Bankhead Owen (September 1, 1869 \u2013 March 1, 1958) was Director of the Alabama Department of Archives and History for over three decades, as well as a documentarian of Alabama history who authored numerous books on the subject. Owen served as an advisor for the Federal Writers' Project history of the state. In 1939, Owen helped select the Alabama state motto. She was actively opposed to a Federal mandate giving women the right to vote, and believed in the supremacy of the white race. Owen was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1975. Her niece was actress Tallulah Bankhead. Marie Bankhead Owen was born one of five children on September 1, 1869, into an influential family on the Bankhead Plantation, Noxubee County, Mississippi. Her father was John Hollis Bankhead and her mother was Tallulah J. Brockman Bankhead. Marie's paternal ancestors emigrated from Northern Ireland to South Carolina during the 18th century. Her great-great-grandfather was a Revolutionary War participant named John Hollis. Her father served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. During reconstruction, he became a political activist with a platform of white supremacy. He belonged to the Democratic Party and was a supporter of the presidential candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. He served in various capacities, including the United States House of Representatives (1855\u20131906) and the United States Senate (1907\u20131920). Marie had one sister, Louise Bankhead Perry Lund, and three brothers, United States Army officer Henry McAuley Bankhead, United States Senator John H. Bankhead II and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States William B. Bankhead, the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Her family enrolled her in Ward's Seminary in Nashville. She married Thomas McAdory Owen (1866-1920) on April 12, 1893.", "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease, which she claimed she had contracted from George Raft. Only 70 lb (32 kg) when she left the hospital, she stoically said to her doctor, \"Don't think this has taught me a lesson!\" In 1934, after recuperating in Alabama, she returned to England. After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes. Although Bette Davis played the leading character in the 1941 film version, she openly admitted in later years that she had emulated Bankhead in the role. Bankhead continued to play in various performances over the next few years, gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle. Returning to Broadway, Bankhead's career stalled at first in unmemorable plays. When she appeared in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra with her then-husband, John Emery, the New York Evening Post critic John Mason Brown wrote, \"Tallulah Bankhead barged down the Nile last night as Cleopatra - and sank.\" David O. Selznick, producer of Gone with the Wind (1939) called her the \"first choice among established stars\" to play Scarlett O'Hara. Although her screen test for the role in black-and-white was superb, she photographed poorly in Technicolor. Selznick also reportedly believed that at age 36, she was too old to play Scarlett, who is 16 at the beginning of the film (the role eventually went to Vivien Leigh). Selznick sent Kay Brown to Bankhead to discuss the possibility of Bankhead playing prostitute Belle Watling in the film, which she turned down.", "\" Most other critics panned the play itself, but nonetheless found it irresistible because of Cornell's ability to mesmerise, despite the garish dialogue. Critic George Jean Nathan wrote that the play was \"superbly acted in its leading role by that one young woman who stands head and shoulders above all the other young women of the American theater, Miss Katharine Cornell.\" The play had 231 performances in New York before going to Boston and then a cross-country tour. The play's success spawned a fashion in green hats of the type worn by Cornell in the play. Later, Tallulah Bankhead played the role of Iris March in a less successful London production, and Greta Garbo played the role in a 1928 film adaptation, \"A Woman of Affairs\". She starred in 1927 in \"The Letter\", by W. Somerset Maugham, as Leslie Crosbie, a woman who kills her lover. Maugham himself suggested Cornell for the part. Although the critics were not too excited about the play, Cornell by then had developed a loyal following. The opening night was such a sensation that the \"New York Sun\" wrote that the sidewalks were packed with people after the performance straining to catch a glimpse of her. In 1928, Cornell played the lead role of the countess Ellen Olenska in a dramatized version of Edith Wharton's novel \"The Age of Innocence\". Her performance received only positive reviews. After this success, Cornell was offered the lead in \"The Dishonored Lady\". It was originally intended for Ethel Barrymore, who failed to accept the role. The play is a lurid melodrama about true-life murder in Glasgow, Scotland. Walter Winchell wrote, \"Never in the history of the theatre has an actress of such distinction permitted such an exciting scene.", "Lifeboat (1944 film)  Lifeboat is a 1944 American survival film directed by Alfred Hitchcock from a story by John Steinbeck. The film stars Tallulah Bankhead with William Bendix. Also in the cast are Walter Slezak, Mary Anderson and John Hodiak, Henry Hull, Heather Angel, Hume Cronyn and Canada Lee. It is set entirely on a lifeboat launched from a passenger vessel torpedoed and sunk by a Nazi U-boat. The film is the first in Hitchcock's \"limited-setting\" films, the others being \"Rope\" (1948), \"Dial M for Murder\" (1954), and \"Rear Window\" (1954). It is the only film Hitchcock made for 20th Century Fox. The film received three Oscar nominations for Best Director, Best Original Story and Best CinematographyBlack and White. Tallulah Bankhead won the New York Film Critics Circle award for best actress of the year. Though highly controversial in its time for what many interpreted as its sympathetic depiction of a German U-boat captain, \"Lifeboat\" is now viewed more favorably and has been listed by several modern critics as one of Hitchcock's more underrated films. Several British and American civilians, service members and merchant mariners are stuck in a lifeboat in the North Atlantic after their ship and a U-boat sink each other in combat. Willi (Walter Slezak), a German survivor, is pulled aboard and denies being the U-boat's captain. During an animated debate, engine room crewman Kovac (John Hodiak) demands the German be thrown out to drown. However, the others object, with radioman Stanley (Hume Cronyn), wealthy industrialist Rittenhouse (Henry Hull) and columnist Connie Porter (Tallulah Bankhead), who speaks German, succeeding in arguing that he be allowed to stay."], "answer": {"text": "David O. Selznick, producer of Gone with the Wind (1939) called her the \"first choice among established stars\" to play Scarlett O'Hara.", "answer_start": 1070}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Tallulah Bankhead leave broadway?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her first role back?", "answer": {"text": "After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes.", "answer_start": 344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other roles did she get?", "answer": {"text": "gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle.", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43b497e0036740d2899a12ab373ee4b4_1_q#4", "question": "why didnt she get that role?", "rewrite": "Why didn't Tallulah Bankhead get the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease, which she claimed she had contracted from George Raft. Only 70 lb (32 kg) when she left the hospital, she stoically said to her doctor, \"Don't think this has taught me a lesson!\" In 1934, after recuperating in Alabama, she returned to England. After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes. Although Bette Davis played the leading character in the 1941 film version, she openly admitted in later years that she had emulated Bankhead in the role. Bankhead continued to play in various performances over the next few years, gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle. Returning to Broadway, Bankhead's career stalled at first in unmemorable plays. When she appeared in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra with her then-husband, John Emery, the New York Evening Post critic John Mason Brown wrote, \"Tallulah Bankhead barged down the Nile last night as Cleopatra - and sank.\" David O. Selznick, producer of Gone with the Wind (1939) called her the \"first choice among established stars\" to play Scarlett O'Hara. Although her screen test for the role in black-and-white was superb, she photographed poorly in Technicolor. Selznick also reportedly believed that at age 36, she was too old to play Scarlett, who is 16 at the beginning of the film (the role eventually went to Vivien Leigh). Selznick sent Kay Brown to Bankhead to discuss the possibility of Bankhead playing prostitute Belle Watling in the film, which she turned down.", "But when Louella Parsons gets wind of this, she misinforms her radio audience that Tallulah has gotten the part, thanks to the influential power of her father William Brockman Bankhead, who at the time was the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. When this is announced, Joan Crawford throws her radio at a mirror and Paulette makes a beeline to the study of her lover, Charles Chaplin, announcing that Tallulah has gotten the part. After this error has been cleared and the actresses have been reassured that the role is still up for grabs, the casting process continues. One day while Clark Gable and Myron Selznick are hunting, Gable mentions that he is being considered for the role of Rhett Butler. Fleming agrees that Gable would be an appropriate choice but Gable is uncertain about accepting the role because the film is to be directed by George Cukor, often considered \"a woman's director\". Gable first tries to withdraw from the very idea but later goes forth with the role after Louis B. Mayer threatens him with a suspension. It isn't long before Gable's love interest Carole Lombard is considered for the part. One night at the Selznick lot, a party is thrown to honor the actresses who are closest to winning the role of Scarlett and entertaining such stars as Joan Bennett, Margaret Sullavan, Jean Arthur, and Miriam Hopkins. Tallulah Bankhead is there, too, sitting at the table saying to herself, \"Oh God, when will it ever stop?\". While at this party, George Cukor is talking with the actresses, seeing if they would be interested to star in his upcoming film \"The Women\" after \"Gone With The Wind\" is filmed.", "William B. Bankhead William Brockman Bankhead ( April 12, 1874 \u2013 September 15, 1940) was an American politician who served as the 42nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940, representing Alabama's 10th and later 7th congressional districts as a Democrat from 1917 to 1940. Bankhead was a prominent supporter of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal of pro-labor union legislation, thus clashing with most other Southern Democrats in Congress at the time. Bankhead described himself as proud to be a politician, by which he meant that he did not neglect matters that concerned his district or reelection. He was the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Bankhead died on September 15, 1940, from an abdominal hemorrhage, while still in office. Bankhead was born at the Bankhead plantation in Lamar County, Alabama. His father, John H. Bankhead, was an active politician who had served in the Alabama legislature, and later as US Representative and Senator. His mother was Tallulah James Brockman, granddaughter of South Carolina state Senator Thomas Patterson Brockman, and he was raised as a Methodist. Bankhead's brother, John H. Bankhead II, also served in the Senate. William Bankhead attended the University of Alabama, where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and played on the university's first football team, organized in 1892. He studied law at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC, graduating in 1895. He was immediately admitted to the bar in Alabama, and practiced law in Huntsville. In 1898, he became city attorney of Huntsville, serving until 1902. In 1900, he was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for one term, serving through 1901. In 1905, he moved to Jasper, Alabama. In 1910 he was appointed solicitor of the fourteenth judicial circuit of Alabama, serving until 1914.", "The Scarlett O'Hara War The Scarlett O'Hara War is a 1980 made-for-TV docudrama film directed by John Erman. It is based on the novel \"Moviola\" by Garson Kanin. Set in late 1930s Hollywood, it is about the search for the actress to play Scarlett O'Hara in the much anticipated film adaptation of \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939). This film premiered as the finale of a 3-night TV miniseries on NBC called \"Moviola: A Hollywood Saga\". In 1936, Margaret Mitchell's \"Gone with the Wind\" is published and it is an instant nationwide sensation. As all things in Hollywood go, the movie rights are up for grabs and every studio in Hollywood wants it. While having lunch at the MGM dining room, Louis B. Mayer is talking to his son-in-law David O. Selznick about the film rights. In time, Selznick establishes his own production company, Selznick International Pictures, and wants his studio to have a film that will cement both its fame and his as well. Back at MGM, Joan Crawford is negotiating the idea of her portraying the acclaimed heroine, even getting Selznick to come back to her place to spend the night to \"seal the deal.\" However, other actresses must be tested in order to expand possibilities. One of the first to do this is Paulette Goddard and her screen test is the most praised out of them all. Tallulah Bankhead comes down from New York City and auditions for the role and although she herself is a Southerner who could easily play the part, Selznick decides to give her more tests and seek other candidates.", "Marie Bankhead Owen Marie Bankhead Owen (September 1, 1869 \u2013 March 1, 1958) was Director of the Alabama Department of Archives and History for over three decades, as well as a documentarian of Alabama history who authored numerous books on the subject. Owen served as an advisor for the Federal Writers' Project history of the state. In 1939, Owen helped select the Alabama state motto. She was actively opposed to a Federal mandate giving women the right to vote, and believed in the supremacy of the white race. Owen was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1975. Her niece was actress Tallulah Bankhead. Marie Bankhead Owen was born one of five children on September 1, 1869, into an influential family on the Bankhead Plantation, Noxubee County, Mississippi. Her father was John Hollis Bankhead and her mother was Tallulah J. Brockman Bankhead. Marie's paternal ancestors emigrated from Northern Ireland to South Carolina during the 18th century. Her great-great-grandfather was a Revolutionary War participant named John Hollis. Her father served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. During reconstruction, he became a political activist with a platform of white supremacy. He belonged to the Democratic Party and was a supporter of the presidential candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. He served in various capacities, including the United States House of Representatives (1855\u20131906) and the United States Senate (1907\u20131920). Marie had one sister, Louise Bankhead Perry Lund, and three brothers, United States Army officer Henry McAuley Bankhead, United States Senator John H. Bankhead II and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States William B. Bankhead, the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Her family enrolled her in Ward's Seminary in Nashville. She married Thomas McAdory Owen (1866-1920) on April 12, 1893."], "answer": {"text": "her screen test for the role in black-and-white was superb, she photographed poorly in Technicolor.", "answer_start": 1215}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Tallulah Bankhead leave broadway?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her first role back?", "answer": {"text": "After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes.", "answer_start": 344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other roles did she get?", "answer": {"text": "gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle.", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else notable occurred during this time?", "answer": {"text": "David O. Selznick, producer of Gone with the Wind (1939) called her the \"first choice among established stars\" to play Scarlett O'Hara.", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43b497e0036740d2899a12ab373ee4b4_1_q#5", "question": "were there other reasons she didnt get the role?", "rewrite": "Were there other reasons Tallulah Bankhead didn't get the role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind other than photographing poorly in technicolor?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marie Bankhead Owen Marie Bankhead Owen (September 1, 1869 \u2013 March 1, 1958) was Director of the Alabama Department of Archives and History for over three decades, as well as a documentarian of Alabama history who authored numerous books on the subject. Owen served as an advisor for the Federal Writers' Project history of the state. In 1939, Owen helped select the Alabama state motto. She was actively opposed to a Federal mandate giving women the right to vote, and believed in the supremacy of the white race. Owen was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1975. Her niece was actress Tallulah Bankhead. Marie Bankhead Owen was born one of five children on September 1, 1869, into an influential family on the Bankhead Plantation, Noxubee County, Mississippi. Her father was John Hollis Bankhead and her mother was Tallulah J. Brockman Bankhead. Marie's paternal ancestors emigrated from Northern Ireland to South Carolina during the 18th century. Her great-great-grandfather was a Revolutionary War participant named John Hollis. Her father served in the Confederate States Army during the Civil War. During reconstruction, he became a political activist with a platform of white supremacy. He belonged to the Democratic Party and was a supporter of the presidential candidacy of William Jennings Bryan. He served in various capacities, including the United States House of Representatives (1855\u20131906) and the United States Senate (1907\u20131920). Marie had one sister, Louise Bankhead Perry Lund, and three brothers, United States Army officer Henry McAuley Bankhead, United States Senator John H. Bankhead II and Speaker of the House of Representatives of the United States William B. Bankhead, the father of actress Tallulah Bankhead. Her family enrolled her in Ward's Seminary in Nashville. She married Thomas McAdory Owen (1866-1920) on April 12, 1893.", "The Scarlett O'Hara War The Scarlett O'Hara War is a 1980 made-for-TV docudrama film directed by John Erman. It is based on the novel \"Moviola\" by Garson Kanin. Set in late 1930s Hollywood, it is about the search for the actress to play Scarlett O'Hara in the much anticipated film adaptation of \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939). This film premiered as the finale of a 3-night TV miniseries on NBC called \"Moviola: A Hollywood Saga\". In 1936, Margaret Mitchell's \"Gone with the Wind\" is published and it is an instant nationwide sensation. As all things in Hollywood go, the movie rights are up for grabs and every studio in Hollywood wants it. While having lunch at the MGM dining room, Louis B. Mayer is talking to his son-in-law David O. Selznick about the film rights. In time, Selznick establishes his own production company, Selznick International Pictures, and wants his studio to have a film that will cement both its fame and his as well. Back at MGM, Joan Crawford is negotiating the idea of her portraying the acclaimed heroine, even getting Selznick to come back to her place to spend the night to \"seal the deal.\" However, other actresses must be tested in order to expand possibilities. One of the first to do this is Paulette Goddard and her screen test is the most praised out of them all. Tallulah Bankhead comes down from New York City and auditions for the role and although she herself is a Southerner who could easily play the part, Selznick decides to give her more tests and seek other candidates.", "But when Louella Parsons gets wind of this, she misinforms her radio audience that Tallulah has gotten the part, thanks to the influential power of her father William Brockman Bankhead, who at the time was the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. When this is announced, Joan Crawford throws her radio at a mirror and Paulette makes a beeline to the study of her lover, Charles Chaplin, announcing that Tallulah has gotten the part. After this error has been cleared and the actresses have been reassured that the role is still up for grabs, the casting process continues. One day while Clark Gable and Myron Selznick are hunting, Gable mentions that he is being considered for the role of Rhett Butler. Fleming agrees that Gable would be an appropriate choice but Gable is uncertain about accepting the role because the film is to be directed by George Cukor, often considered \"a woman's director\". Gable first tries to withdraw from the very idea but later goes forth with the role after Louis B. Mayer threatens him with a suspension. It isn't long before Gable's love interest Carole Lombard is considered for the part. One night at the Selznick lot, a party is thrown to honor the actresses who are closest to winning the role of Scarlett and entertaining such stars as Joan Bennett, Margaret Sullavan, Jean Arthur, and Miriam Hopkins. Tallulah Bankhead is there, too, sitting at the table saying to herself, \"Oh God, when will it ever stop?\". While at this party, George Cukor is talking with the actresses, seeing if they would be interested to star in his upcoming film \"The Women\" after \"Gone With The Wind\" is filmed.", "Early frontrunners included Miriam Hopkins and Tallulah Bankhead, who were regarded as possibilities by Selznick prior to the purchase of the film rights; Joan Crawford, who was signed to MGM, was also considered as a potential pairing with Gable. After a deal was struck with MGM, Selznick held discussions with Norma Shearer\u2014who was MGM's top female star at the time\u2014but she withdrew herself from consideration. Katharine Hepburn lobbied hard for the role with the support of her friend, George Cukor, who had been hired to direct, but she was vetoed by Selznick who felt she was not right for the part. Many famous\u2014or soon-to-be-famous\u2014actresses were considered, but only thirty-one women were actually screen-tested for Scarlett including Ardis Ankerson, Jean Arthur, Tallulah Bankhead, Diana Barrymore, Joan Bennett, Nancy Coleman, Frances Dee, Ellen Drew (as Terry Ray), Paulette Goddard, Susan Hayward (under her real name of Edythe Marrenner), Vivien Leigh, Anita Louise, Haila Stoddard, Margaret Tallichet, Lana Turner and Linda Watkins. Although Margaret Mitchell refused to publicly name her choice, the actress who came closest to winning her approval was Miriam Hopkins, who Mitchell felt was just the right type of actress to play Scarlett as written in the book. However, Hopkins was in her mid-thirties at the time and was considered too old for the part. Four actresses, including Jean Arthur and Joan Bennett, were still under consideration by December 1938; however, only two finalists, Paulette Goddard and Vivien Leigh, were tested in Technicolor, both on December 20. Goddard almost won the role, but controversy over her marriage with Charlie Chaplin caused Selznick to change his mind.", "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease, which she claimed she had contracted from George Raft. Only 70 lb (32 kg) when she left the hospital, she stoically said to her doctor, \"Don't think this has taught me a lesson!\" In 1934, after recuperating in Alabama, she returned to England. After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes. Although Bette Davis played the leading character in the 1941 film version, she openly admitted in later years that she had emulated Bankhead in the role. Bankhead continued to play in various performances over the next few years, gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle. Returning to Broadway, Bankhead's career stalled at first in unmemorable plays. When she appeared in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra with her then-husband, John Emery, the New York Evening Post critic John Mason Brown wrote, \"Tallulah Bankhead barged down the Nile last night as Cleopatra - and sank.\" David O. Selznick, producer of Gone with the Wind (1939) called her the \"first choice among established stars\" to play Scarlett O'Hara. Although her screen test for the role in black-and-white was superb, she photographed poorly in Technicolor. Selznick also reportedly believed that at age 36, she was too old to play Scarlett, who is 16 at the beginning of the film (the role eventually went to Vivien Leigh). Selznick sent Kay Brown to Bankhead to discuss the possibility of Bankhead playing prostitute Belle Watling in the film, which she turned down."], "answer": {"text": "Selznick also reportedly believed that at age 36, she was too old to play Scarlett,", "answer_start": 1315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Why did Tallulah Bankhead leave broadway?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933, Bankhead nearly died following a five-hour emergency hysterectomy due to venereal disease,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her first role back?", "answer": {"text": "After only a short stay, she was called back to New York to play in The Little Foxes.", "answer_start": 344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other roles did she get?", "answer": {"text": "gaining excellent notices for her portrayal of Elizabeth in a revival of Somerset Maugham's The Circle.", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else notable occurred during this time?", "answer": {"text": "David O. Selznick, producer of Gone with the Wind (1939) called her the \"first choice among established stars\" to play Scarlett O'Hara.", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why didnt she get that role?", "answer": {"text": "her screen test for the role in black-and-white was superb, she photographed poorly in Technicolor.", "answer_start": 1215, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "rewrite": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974.", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale.", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "A Civil Campaign A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. It is included in the 2008 omnibus \"Miles in Love\". The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel \"A Civil Contract\" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. It is dedicated to \"Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy\", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. An Imperial wedding is afoot, as Gregor Vorbarra, Emperor of Barrayar, has finally found love in the form of Komarran heiress Laisa. Miles Vorkosigan is trying to woo the recently widowed Ekaterin Vorsoisson, but fearing that an open approach would drive her away, he tries an indirect approach: to get to see her frequently and knowing of her ambition to become a gardener, he hires her to design a garden for Vorkosigan House. His clone brother Mark also has romance problems. He and Kareen Koudelka became lovers in Beta Colony, but the sexual mores of conservative Barrayar are much stricter, and she keeps their relationship a secret from her family. A significant subplot involves Mark's first entrepreneurial venture: funding research on a genetically engineered insect called the \"butter bug,\" capable of eating all kinds of waste vegetation and regurgitating a nutritious, edible goo that Miles baptizes as \"bug vomit\".", "Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year."], "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#1", "question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "rewrite": "Did Georgette Heyer show interest in writing at an early age?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A Civil Campaign A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. It is included in the 2008 omnibus \"Miles in Love\". The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel \"A Civil Contract\" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. It is dedicated to \"Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy\", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. An Imperial wedding is afoot, as Gregor Vorbarra, Emperor of Barrayar, has finally found love in the form of Komarran heiress Laisa. Miles Vorkosigan is trying to woo the recently widowed Ekaterin Vorsoisson, but fearing that an open approach would drive her away, he tries an indirect approach: to get to see her frequently and knowing of her ambition to become a gardener, he hires her to design a garden for Vorkosigan House. His clone brother Mark also has romance problems. He and Kareen Koudelka became lovers in Beta Colony, but the sexual mores of conservative Barrayar are much stricter, and she keeps their relationship a secret from her family. A significant subplot involves Mark's first entrepreneurial venture: funding research on a genetically engineered insect called the \"butter bug,\" capable of eating all kinds of waste vegetation and regurgitating a nutritious, edible goo that Miles baptizes as \"bug vomit\".", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale.", "List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974.", "Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year."], "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#2", "question": "what was the story about?", "rewrite": "What was the serial story by Georgette Heyer about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974.", "Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year.", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale.", "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George Heyer. Her mother, Sylvia Watkins, studied both cello and piano and was one of the top three students in her class at the Royal College of Music. Heyer's paternal grandfather had emigrated from Russia, while her maternal grandparents owned tugboats on the River Thames. Heyer was the eldest of three children; her brothers George Boris (known as Boris) and Frank were four and nine years younger than her. For part of her childhood, the family lived in Paris but they returned to England shortly after World War I broke out in 1914. Although the family's surname had been pronounced \"higher\", the advent of war led her father to switch to the pronunciation \"hair\" so they would not be mistaken for Germans. During the war, her father served as a requisitions officer for the British Army in France. After the war ended he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). He left the army in 1920 with the rank of captain, taught at King's College London and sometimes wrote for The Granta. George Heyer strongly encouraged his children to read and never forbade any book. Georgette read widely and often met with her friends Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman to discuss books. Heyer and Oman later shared their works-in-progress with each other and offered criticism. When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris, who suffered from a form of haemophilia and was often weak. Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication. His agent found a publisher for her book, and The Black Moth, about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating, was released in 1921."], "answer": {"text": "about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating,", "answer_start": 1646}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#3", "question": "did she achieve success at an early age?", "rewrite": "Did Georgette Heyer achieve success at an early age?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year.", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "A Civil Campaign A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. It is included in the 2008 omnibus \"Miles in Love\". The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel \"A Civil Contract\" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. It is dedicated to \"Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy\", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. An Imperial wedding is afoot, as Gregor Vorbarra, Emperor of Barrayar, has finally found love in the form of Komarran heiress Laisa. Miles Vorkosigan is trying to woo the recently widowed Ekaterin Vorsoisson, but fearing that an open approach would drive her away, he tries an indirect approach: to get to see her frequently and knowing of her ambition to become a gardener, he hires her to design a garden for Vorkosigan House. His clone brother Mark also has romance problems. He and Kareen Koudelka became lovers in Beta Colony, but the sexual mores of conservative Barrayar are much stricter, and she keeps their relationship a secret from her family. A significant subplot involves Mark's first entrepreneurial venture: funding research on a genetically engineered insect called the \"butter bug,\" capable of eating all kinds of waste vegetation and regurgitating a nutritious, edible goo that Miles baptizes as \"bug vomit\".", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale.", "List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974."], "answer": {"text": "found a publisher for her book,", "answer_start": 1594}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about?", "answer": {"text": "about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating,", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#4", "question": "was this book a continuation of the serial story she wrote for her brother?", "rewrite": "Was the book by Georgette Heyer's a continuation of the serial story Georgette Heyer wrote for her brother?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year.", "List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974.", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "A Civil Campaign A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. It is included in the 2008 omnibus \"Miles in Love\". The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel \"A Civil Contract\" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. It is dedicated to \"Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy\", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. An Imperial wedding is afoot, as Gregor Vorbarra, Emperor of Barrayar, has finally found love in the form of Komarran heiress Laisa. Miles Vorkosigan is trying to woo the recently widowed Ekaterin Vorsoisson, but fearing that an open approach would drive her away, he tries an indirect approach: to get to see her frequently and knowing of her ambition to become a gardener, he hires her to design a garden for Vorkosigan House. His clone brother Mark also has romance problems. He and Kareen Koudelka became lovers in Beta Colony, but the sexual mores of conservative Barrayar are much stricter, and she keeps their relationship a secret from her family. A significant subplot involves Mark's first entrepreneurial venture: funding research on a genetically engineered insect called the \"butter bug,\" capable of eating all kinds of waste vegetation and regurgitating a nutritious, edible goo that Miles baptizes as \"bug vomit\".", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale."], "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication.", "answer_start": 1497}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about?", "answer": {"text": "about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating,", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she achieve success at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "found a publisher for her book,", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#5", "question": "did she become a full time writer after the publication of this book?", "rewrite": "Did Georgette Heyer become a full time writer after the publication of the serial story?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale.", "Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year.", "List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974.", "A Civil Campaign A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. It is included in the 2008 omnibus \"Miles in Love\". The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel \"A Civil Contract\" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. It is dedicated to \"Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy\", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. An Imperial wedding is afoot, as Gregor Vorbarra, Emperor of Barrayar, has finally found love in the form of Komarran heiress Laisa. Miles Vorkosigan is trying to woo the recently widowed Ekaterin Vorsoisson, but fearing that an open approach would drive her away, he tries an indirect approach: to get to see her frequently and knowing of her ambition to become a gardener, he hires her to design a garden for Vorkosigan House. His clone brother Mark also has romance problems. He and Kareen Koudelka became lovers in Beta Colony, but the sexual mores of conservative Barrayar are much stricter, and she keeps their relationship a secret from her family. A significant subplot involves Mark's first entrepreneurial venture: funding research on a genetically engineered insect called the \"butter bug,\" capable of eating all kinds of waste vegetation and regurgitating a nutritious, edible goo that Miles baptizes as \"bug vomit\"."], "answer": {"text": "The following year one of her contemporary short stories, \"A Proposal to Cicely\", was published in Happy Magazine.", "answer_start": 254}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about?", "answer": {"text": "about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating,", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she achieve success at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "found a publisher for her book,", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this book a continuation of the serial story she wrote for her brother?", "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#6", "question": "was her family supportive of her career?", "rewrite": "Was Georgette Heyer's family supportive of her career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale.", "Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year.", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "A Civil Campaign A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. It is included in the 2008 omnibus \"Miles in Love\". The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel \"A Civil Contract\" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. It is dedicated to \"Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy\", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. An Imperial wedding is afoot, as Gregor Vorbarra, Emperor of Barrayar, has finally found love in the form of Komarran heiress Laisa. Miles Vorkosigan is trying to woo the recently widowed Ekaterin Vorsoisson, but fearing that an open approach would drive her away, he tries an indirect approach: to get to see her frequently and knowing of her ambition to become a gardener, he hires her to design a garden for Vorkosigan House. His clone brother Mark also has romance problems. He and Kareen Koudelka became lovers in Beta Colony, but the sexual mores of conservative Barrayar are much stricter, and she keeps their relationship a secret from her family. A significant subplot involves Mark's first entrepreneurial venture: funding research on a genetically engineered insect called the \"butter bug,\" capable of eating all kinds of waste vegetation and regurgitating a nutritious, edible goo that Miles baptizes as \"bug vomit\".", "List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974."], "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication. His agent found a publisher", "answer_start": 1497}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about?", "answer": {"text": "about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating,", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she achieve success at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "found a publisher for her book,", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this book a continuation of the serial story she wrote for her brother?", "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she become a full time writer after the publication of this book?", "answer": {"text": "The following year one of her contemporary short stories, \"A Proposal to Cicely\", was published in Happy Magazine.", "answer_start": 254, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Georgette Heyer's story for her brother, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974.", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010.", "Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year.", "A Civil Campaign A Civil Campaign: A Comedy of Biology and Manners is a science fiction novel by American writer Lois McMaster Bujold, first published in September 1999. It is a part of the Vorkosigan Saga, and is the thirteenth full-length novel in publication order. It is included in the 2008 omnibus \"Miles in Love\". The title is an homage to the Georgette Heyer novel \"A Civil Contract\" and, like Heyer's historical romances, the novel focuses on romance, comedy, and courtship. It is dedicated to \"Jane, Charlotte, Georgette, and Dorothy\", likely the novelists Jane Austen, Charlotte Bront\u00eb, Georgette Heyer, and Dorothy L. Sayers or Dorothy Dunnett. An Imperial wedding is afoot, as Gregor Vorbarra, Emperor of Barrayar, has finally found love in the form of Komarran heiress Laisa. Miles Vorkosigan is trying to woo the recently widowed Ekaterin Vorsoisson, but fearing that an open approach would drive her away, he tries an indirect approach: to get to see her frequently and knowing of her ambition to become a gardener, he hires her to design a garden for Vorkosigan House. His clone brother Mark also has romance problems. He and Kareen Koudelka became lovers in Beta Colony, but the sexual mores of conservative Barrayar are much stricter, and she keeps their relationship a secret from her family. A significant subplot involves Mark's first entrepreneurial venture: funding research on a genetically engineered insect called the \"butter bug,\" capable of eating all kinds of waste vegetation and regurgitating a nutritious, edible goo that Miles baptizes as \"bug vomit\".", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale."], "answer": {"text": "According to her biographer Jane Aiken Hodge, the novel contained many of the elements that would become standard for Heyer's novels,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about?", "answer": {"text": "about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating,", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she achieve success at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "found a publisher for her book,", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this book a continuation of the serial story she wrote for her brother?", "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she become a full time writer after the publication of this book?", "answer": {"text": "The following year one of her contemporary short stories, \"A Proposal to Cicely\", was published in Happy Magazine.", "answer_start": 254, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was her family supportive of her career?", "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication. His agent found a publisher", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2f2d71437e4148388d1f4e0dfb7dc3e3_1_q#8", "question": "what were these elements?", "rewrite": "What were the elements that became standard for Georgette Heyer's novels?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady of Quality Lady of Quality is the last Regency romance novel written by Georgette Heyer. It was first published in 1972 and was the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. The story describes the romantic relationship between Annis Wychwood, a wealthy spinster, and Oliver Carleton, a rake who cares little for society's opinion of him. The two meet while jointly supervising Carleton's ward, Lucilla. Heyer granted her heroine a level of independence that was rare in Regency times and rare for Heyer's novels. Although the hero's personality is similar to that of many of Heyer's other heroes, in a departure from romance novel convention he experienced little personal growth in the novel; his primary change was to accept that he would like to have a wife. Heyer frequently highlights the heroine's many masculine qualities, which include a fierce independence and a disregard for social mores. Modern literary critics have noted that the relationship between the protagonists is modelled on those of the latter 20th century, offering companionship and allowing both parties to retain a level of independence. The heroine's unwillingness to conform attracts the hero, rather than repels him. British author Georgette Heyer essentially invented the Regency romance in 1935 with the publication of \"Regency Buck\", and her early Regencies were quite successful. In 1950 she began to work on what she called \"the magnum opus of my latter years\", a medieval trilogy intended to cover the House of Lancaster between 1393 and 1435. To earn income, she periodically interrupted her research to write additional Regency romances; \"Lady of Quality\", published in 1972, was the last of them, and the last of her novels to be published during her lifetime. Heyer suffered a stroke in July 1973 and was in ill health until her death the following year.", "List of works by Georgette Heyer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was an English author particularly known for her historical romance novels set in the Regency and Georgian eras. A best-selling author, Heyer's writing career saw her produce works from a variety of genres; in total she published 32 novels in the romance genre, 6 historical novels, 4 contemporary novels, and 12 in the detective fiction genre. Born in Wimbledon, London, the nineteen-year-old Heyer published her first novel, \"The Black Moth\", in 1921 from a story she had written for her hemophiliac younger brother Boris. The Georgian novel, which featured an earl who turns to outlawry in the 18th century, set the template for many of her future stories \u2013 romance, a historical setting, characters from the nobility, and a \"saturnine\" male lead. \" The Black Moth\" was popular with readers and Heyer continued to publish more Georgian novels until the release of \"Faro's Daughter\" in 1941. Heyer's fame stemmed mainly from her Regency novels, which made her a household name. The first, \"Regency Buck,\" became a best-seller when it was published in 1935, and featured a wealthy heiress from the English countryside, whose sense of independence causes her to clash with London's social norms, but eventually conform to them \u2013 qualities seen in many other Heyer heroines. Gradually, Heyer developed a \"distinct, light-hearted\" style, and her 1940 Regency novel \"The Corinthian\" established elements common in her future works: clever plotting, light comedic elements, and a writing style reminiscent of the Regency era. After 1940 her output consisted mainly of Regency novels, a collection of works that totaled 24 by the time of her death in 1974.", "Regency romance Regency romances are a subgenre of romance novels set during the period of the British Regency (1811\u20131820) or early 19th century. Rather than simply being versions of contemporary romance stories transported to a historical setting, Regency romances are a distinct genre with their own plot and stylistic conventions. These derive not so much from the 19th-century contemporary works of Jane Austen, but rather from Georgette Heyer, who wrote over two dozen novels set in the Regency starting in 1935 until her death in 1974, and from the fiction genre known as the novel of manners. In particular, the more traditional Regencies feature a great deal of intelligent, fast-paced dialogue between the protagonists and very little explicit sex or discussion of sex. Many readers and writers of Regency romance make a distinction between \"Traditional Regency Romance\" and \"Regency Historical\". Many authors have started by writing Traditionals and subsequently written Historicals, including Mary Balogh, Jo Beverley, Loretta Chase, and Mary Jo Putney. The distinction rests on the genre definition of Regency Romance: works in the tradition of Georgette Heyer, with an emphasis on the primary romance plot, are considered traditional. Traditional Regency Romance writers usually pay close attention to historical detail, as their readers are notorious for noting errors, and the writers often do extensive research so they can clearly understand and replicate the voice of the genre. After Heyer's novels became popular in the United States in the 1960s, many publishers began publishing other Regency-set books by new authors, including Clare Darcy and Elizabeth Mansfield. Signet, Dell, and Fawcett were among those publishing Traditional Regencies in paperback; the latter eventually began a special imprint, Fawcett Coventry, which published Regencies and romances from other historical periods.", "The Black Moth The Black Moth (1921) is a Georgian era romance novel by the British author Georgette Heyer, set around 1751. \" The Black Moth\" was Heyer's debut novel, published when Heyer was nineteen. It was a commercial success. The story follows Lord Jack Carstares, an English nobleman who becomes a highwayman after taking the blame during a cheating scandal years before. One day, he rescues Miss Diana Beauleigh when she is almost abducted by the Duke of Andover. Jack and Diana fall in love but his troubled past and current profession threaten their happiness. Based on a story she had written for her brother and published with the encouragement of her father, modern critics have considered it a flawed work, they have observed characteristics Heyer included in her later works. The British writer Georgette Heyer (1902\u20131974) was born in Wimbledon, London, and grew up amidst many literary influences. Her father, George Heyer, was an author and former member of the Wimbledon Literary and Scientific Society, and as a teenager she befriended the future writers Joanna Cannan and Carola Oman. In 1921, the elder Heyer encouraged his daughter to publish a story she had written for her haemophiliac younger brother Boris. This story became the nineteen-year-old girl's literary debut and was published as \"The Black Moth\". The story is set during the Georgian era in the 1750s, and follows Lord Jack Carstares, the eldest son of the Earl of Wyncham. Six years ago, Jack took the blame when his younger brother Richard cheated at cards. Jack consequently faced social exile and fled England for the European continent. He has now secretly returned, robbing carriages as a highwayman. In public he calls himself Sir Anthony Ferndale.", "Jennifer Kloester Jennifer Kloester is a biographer noted for her work on Georgette Heyer. Kloester's 2011 biography of Heyer is entitled. \" Georgette Heyer: Biography of a Bestseller. \" While researching the biography, \"Georgette Heyer,\" she discovered nine \"lost\" stories published by Heyer in the 1920s and 30s. They were republished in 2016 in an anthology entitled \" Snowdrift and Other Stories,\" edited by Kloester. Kloester's \"Georgette Heyer\u2019s Regency World,\" an exploration of the historical, social and cultural setting of Heyer's popular novels of regency romance, was published in 2010."], "answer": {"text": "\"saturnine male lead, the marriage in danger, the extravagant wife, and the group of idle, entertaining young men\".", "answer_start": 138}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Georgette Heyer born?", "answer": {"text": "Heyer was born in Wimbledon, London, in 1902. She was named after her father, George", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she show interest in writing at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "When she was 17, Heyer began a serial story to amuse her brother Boris,", "answer_start": 1365, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the story about?", "answer": {"text": "about the adventures of a young man who took responsibility for his brother's card-cheating,", "answer_start": 1646, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she achieve success at an early age?", "answer": {"text": "found a publisher for her book,", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this book a continuation of the serial story she wrote for her brother?", "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she become a full time writer after the publication of this book?", "answer": {"text": "The following year one of her contemporary short stories, \"A Proposal to Cicely\", was published in Happy Magazine.", "answer_start": 254, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was her family supportive of her career?", "answer": {"text": "Her father enjoyed listening to her story and asked her to prepare it for publication. His agent found a publisher", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "According to her biographer Jane Aiken Hodge, the novel contained many of the elements that would become standard for Heyer's novels,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed3566f7c88b4fe4a026481424d585b1_1_q#0", "question": "Who is william Hope", "rewrite": "Who is william Hope", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Hope Harvey William Hope \"Coin\" Harvey (August 16, 1851 \u2013 February 11, 1936) was an American lawyer, author, politician, and health resort owner best remembered as a prominent public intellectual advancing the idea of monetary bimetallism. His enthusiasm for the use of silver as legal tender was later incorporated into the platforms of both the People's Party and the Democratic Party in the early 1890s. Harvey was also the founder of the short-lived Liberty Party and that party's nominee for President of the United States in 1932. William Hope Harvey was born on August 16, 1851 on a farm near the small town of Buffalo, Virginia (later West Virginia). He was the fifth of six children born to Robert and Anna Harvey. His father, Robert Trigg Harvey, was a Virginian of Scottish and English ancestry, and his mother, who had Virginian ancestors traceable to colonial times, was descended from French ancestors who had long since peopled the territory around nearby Gallipolis, Ohio. Harvey was educated in local public schools before attending the Buffalo Academy from 1865 to 1867. At the end of his time there, still just 16 years old, he taught school for three months before enrolling at Marshall College in Guyandotte, Virginia. He remained there only three months before leaving to briefly teach school again. This ended his formal education, although he continued to study law, ultimately managing to gain admission to the West Virginia state bar. After gaining his license to practice law, Harvey opened up a law practice in Barboursville, West Virginia, which proved to be a relatively successful operation. He had a good court appearance being slender, five foot ten, erect bearing and penetrating blue eyes. He was soon practicing law in Illinois and Ohio. Early in his career, he took a case that no other attorney would.", "While the first six Carnacki stories were collected during Hodgson's lifetime, \"The Haunted Jarvee\" appeared posthumously in 1929, and two more Carnacki stories, \"The Find\" and \"The Hog,\" were published in 1947 by August Derleth. Some critics suspected that Derleth might actually be the author of these two stories, but that theory has been discounted. One Captain Gault story, \"The Plans of the Reefing Bi-Plane\", was not published until 1996, when it was included in the short story collection \"Terrors of the Sea\". Some of Hodgson's poems were first published in 2005, when they appeared in \"The Lost Poetry of William Hope Hodgson\". A number of other Hodgson works are reprinted for the first time since their original publication in the five-volume \"Collected Fiction of William Hope Hodgson\" series published by Night Shade Books. Copyright protection has now expired on most of Hodgson's work, , including many of his poems. Sam Gafford, in his 1997 essay \"Writing Backwards: The Novels of William Hope Hodgson\" has suggested that Hodgson's four major novels may have been published in roughly the reverse order of their writing. If this is true, then \"The Night Land\" was Hodgson's first novel, in which he poured out his imagination at its most unbridled, and not his last. Gafford writes:  \" This concern over the order of composition of the novels may seem of little importance until we consider the implications toward Hodgson's work overall. .. in effect, Hodgson moved away from \"TNL\" \u2019s quasi-science fiction scenario (which contained an astounding number of original conceptions) and toward \"BoGC\"\u2019s more basic adventure slant. \"", "He was also President of the British Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Sir John Hope (1765\u20131836) (second son of John Hope, second son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir) was a lieutenant-general in the army. His third son, Sir William Hope-Johnstone (1766\u20131831) was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. He married his second cousin Lady Anne Hope-Johnston, \"de jure\" 6th Countess of Annandale and Hartfell, daughter of the third Earl. Their eldest son John James Hope Johnstone (1796\u20131876) twice unsuccessfully claimed the earldom of Annandale and Hartfell. However, his great-great-great-grandson successfully claimed the title in 1985 (see Earl of Annandale and Hartfell). Sir William Hope-Johnstone and Lady Anna Hope-Johnstone were also the parents of:  Sir George Johnstone Hope, son of Charles Hope-Weir by his third wife Helen Dunbar, was an admiral in the Royal Navy and fought at the Battle of Trafalgar. He married his first cousin once removed Lady Jemima Hope (d. 1808), daughter of the third Earl of Hopetoun. Their son Sir James Hope-Vere was an admiral of the fleet in the Royal Navy. Charles Hope (1768\u20131828), eldest son of the second Earl from his third marriage to Lady Elizabeth Leslie, was a general in the army. The Hon. Sir Alexander Hope (1769\u20131837), fourth son of the second Earl (and second from his third marriage to Lady Elizabeth Leslie), was a general in the army and represented Linlithgowshire in the House of Commons. He was the father of 1) George William Hope of Luffness (1808\u20131863), Member of Parliament for Windsor from 1859 to 1863,", "The heir apparent's heir apparent is his elderson, Charles Adrian Bristow William Hope, Viscount Aithrie (b. 2001). Viscount Aithrie served as one of the Queen's Pages of Honour at the 2014 State Opening of Parliament. Numerous other members of the Hope of Hopetoun family have also gained distinction. James Hope-Vere (son of William Hope-Vere, eldest son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir (1710\u20131791), second son of the first Earl) represented Ilchester in the House of Commons. Charles Hope (eldest son of John Hope, second son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir) was Lord President of the Court of Session under the judicial title of Lord Granton from 1811 to 1836. John Hope, son of Charles Hope, was Lord Justice Clerk of Scotland from 1841 to 1858. His son William Hope was a lieutenant-colonel in the army and recipient of the Victoria Cross. Charles Hope (1798\u20131854), son of Charles Hope, Lord Granton, was a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. His son Charles Webley-Hope was also a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. The latter was the father of 1) Sir George Price Webley Hope, an admiral in the Royal Navy, who was the father of Maurice Webley Hope (1901\u20131986), a Brigadier in the army, and 2) Herbert Willes Webley Hope (1878\u20131969), an admiral in the Royal Navy, whose son Adrian Price Webley Hope was a major-general in the army. Charles Hope, son of Charles Hope (1798\u20131854), was a captain in the Royal Navy. His son Frederick Hope was a major-general in the army. The latter's grandson Sir Peter Hope was a diplomat and served as Ambassador to Mexico from 1968 to 1972.", "William Hope (VC) Colonel William Hope VC (12 April 1834 \u2013 17 December 1909) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. William Hope was the son of the Right Honourable John Hope, Lord Chief Justice Clerk of Scotland, and his wife Jessie Irving, and was born in Edinburgh on 12 April 1834. He was educated privately and at Trinity College, Cambridge. William Hope married Margaret Jane, daughter of Robert Cunningham Cunninghame Graham of Gartmore and aunt of the author, politician and traveller Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, by whom she had six children, the eldest of which was a son, Adrian, whose granddaughter, Lauretta Hope-Nicholson, was the second wife of the artist Jean Hugo. He was 21 years old, and a lieutenant in the 7th Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Fusiliers), British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. On 18 June 1855 at Sebastopol, Crimean Peninsula, Lieutenant Hope went to the assistance of the adjutant, who was lying outside the trenches badly wounded. Having found that it was impossible to move him, even with the help of four men, he ran back across the open ground under very heavy fire from the enemy batteries, and procured a stretcher to bring the wounded officer in. He later achieved the rank of colonel. Hope invented a form of shrapnel shell for rifled guns, and later became an enthusiastic supporter of the volunteer movement, rising to the command of the 1st City of London Artillery Volunteers. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Fusiliers Museum in the Tower of London, England. Following his military career, Hope was involved in a number of business ventures."], "answer": {"text": "the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud", "answer_start": 92}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ed3566f7c88b4fe4a026481424d585b1_1_q#1", "question": "How was he a fraud?", "rewrite": "How was William Hope a fraud?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 4 February 1922, Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott had proven the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his SPR report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of Spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "On 4 February 1922, Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott had proven the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his SPR report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of Spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "He was also President of the British Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Sir John Hope (1765\u20131836) (second son of John Hope, second son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir) was a lieutenant-general in the army. His third son, Sir William Hope-Johnstone (1766\u20131831) was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. He married his second cousin Lady Anne Hope-Johnston, \"de jure\" 6th Countess of Annandale and Hartfell, daughter of the third Earl. Their eldest son John James Hope Johnstone (1796\u20131876) twice unsuccessfully claimed the earldom of Annandale and Hartfell. However, his great-great-great-grandson successfully claimed the title in 1985 (see Earl of Annandale and Hartfell). Sir William Hope-Johnstone and Lady Anna Hope-Johnstone were also the parents of:  Sir George Johnstone Hope, son of Charles Hope-Weir by his third wife Helen Dunbar, was an admiral in the Royal Navy and fought at the Battle of Trafalgar. He married his first cousin once removed Lady Jemima Hope (d. 1808), daughter of the third Earl of Hopetoun. Their son Sir James Hope-Vere was an admiral of the fleet in the Royal Navy. Charles Hope (1768\u20131828), eldest son of the second Earl from his third marriage to Lady Elizabeth Leslie, was a general in the army. The Hon. Sir Alexander Hope (1769\u20131837), fourth son of the second Earl (and second from his third marriage to Lady Elizabeth Leslie), was a general in the army and represented Linlithgowshire in the House of Commons. He was the father of 1) George William Hope of Luffness (1808\u20131863), Member of Parliament for Windsor from 1859 to 1863,", "William Hope (VC) Colonel William Hope VC (12 April 1834 \u2013 17 December 1909) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. William Hope was the son of the Right Honourable John Hope, Lord Chief Justice Clerk of Scotland, and his wife Jessie Irving, and was born in Edinburgh on 12 April 1834. He was educated privately and at Trinity College, Cambridge. William Hope married Margaret Jane, daughter of Robert Cunningham Cunninghame Graham of Gartmore and aunt of the author, politician and traveller Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, by whom she had six children, the eldest of which was a son, Adrian, whose granddaughter, Lauretta Hope-Nicholson, was the second wife of the artist Jean Hugo. He was 21 years old, and a lieutenant in the 7th Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Fusiliers), British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. On 18 June 1855 at Sebastopol, Crimean Peninsula, Lieutenant Hope went to the assistance of the adjutant, who was lying outside the trenches badly wounded. Having found that it was impossible to move him, even with the help of four men, he ran back across the open ground under very heavy fire from the enemy batteries, and procured a stretcher to bring the wounded officer in. He later achieved the rank of colonel. Hope invented a form of shrapnel shell for rifled guns, and later became an enthusiastic supporter of the volunteer movement, rising to the command of the 1st City of London Artillery Volunteers. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Fusiliers Museum in the Tower of London, England. Following his military career, Hope was involved in a number of business ventures.", "The heir apparent's heir apparent is his elderson, Charles Adrian Bristow William Hope, Viscount Aithrie (b. 2001). Viscount Aithrie served as one of the Queen's Pages of Honour at the 2014 State Opening of Parliament. Numerous other members of the Hope of Hopetoun family have also gained distinction. James Hope-Vere (son of William Hope-Vere, eldest son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir (1710\u20131791), second son of the first Earl) represented Ilchester in the House of Commons. Charles Hope (eldest son of John Hope, second son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir) was Lord President of the Court of Session under the judicial title of Lord Granton from 1811 to 1836. John Hope, son of Charles Hope, was Lord Justice Clerk of Scotland from 1841 to 1858. His son William Hope was a lieutenant-colonel in the army and recipient of the Victoria Cross. Charles Hope (1798\u20131854), son of Charles Hope, Lord Granton, was a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. His son Charles Webley-Hope was also a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. The latter was the father of 1) Sir George Price Webley Hope, an admiral in the Royal Navy, who was the father of Maurice Webley Hope (1901\u20131986), a Brigadier in the army, and 2) Herbert Willes Webley Hope (1878\u20131969), an admiral in the Royal Navy, whose son Adrian Price Webley Hope was a major-general in the army. Charles Hope, son of Charles Hope (1798\u20131854), was a captain in the Royal Navy. His son Frederick Hope was a major-general in the army. The latter's grandson Sir Peter Hope was a diplomat and served as Ambassador to Mexico from 1968 to 1972."], "answer": {"text": "William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ...", "answer_start": 228}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is william Hope", "answer": {"text": "the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed3566f7c88b4fe4a026481424d585b1_1_q#2", "question": "Why did William do this?", "rewrite": "Why did William Hope substitute his plates for a sitter's?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 4 February 1922, Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott had proven the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his SPR report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of Spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "William Hope (VC) Colonel William Hope VC (12 April 1834 \u2013 17 December 1909) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. William Hope was the son of the Right Honourable John Hope, Lord Chief Justice Clerk of Scotland, and his wife Jessie Irving, and was born in Edinburgh on 12 April 1834. He was educated privately and at Trinity College, Cambridge. William Hope married Margaret Jane, daughter of Robert Cunningham Cunninghame Graham of Gartmore and aunt of the author, politician and traveller Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, by whom she had six children, the eldest of which was a son, Adrian, whose granddaughter, Lauretta Hope-Nicholson, was the second wife of the artist Jean Hugo. He was 21 years old, and a lieutenant in the 7th Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Fusiliers), British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. On 18 June 1855 at Sebastopol, Crimean Peninsula, Lieutenant Hope went to the assistance of the adjutant, who was lying outside the trenches badly wounded. Having found that it was impossible to move him, even with the help of four men, he ran back across the open ground under very heavy fire from the enemy batteries, and procured a stretcher to bring the wounded officer in. He later achieved the rank of colonel. Hope invented a form of shrapnel shell for rifled guns, and later became an enthusiastic supporter of the volunteer movement, rising to the command of the 1st City of London Artillery Volunteers. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Fusiliers Museum in the Tower of London, England. Following his military career, Hope was involved in a number of business ventures.", "On 4 February 1922, Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott had proven the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his SPR report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of Spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "In February 1922, the Society for Psychical Research and the paranormal investigator Harry Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott demonstrated that Hope was fraudulent during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called \"Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. \" Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Harry Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "Richard Hodgson held six sittings with the medium Rosina Thompson and came to the conclusion she was a fraud as he discovered Thompson had access to documents and information about her s\u00e9ance sitters. On 4 February 1922, Harry Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William S. Marriott had proven the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his SPR report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes. \" The medium Kathleen Goligher was investigated by the physicist Edmund Edward Fournier d'Albe. On July 22, 1921 in a s\u00e9ance he observed Goligher holding the table up with her foot. He also discovered that her ectoplasm was made of muslin. During a s\u00e9ance d'Albe observed white muslin between Goligher's feet. The Danish medium Einer Nielsen was investigated by a committee from the Kristiania University in Norway, 1922 and discovered in a s\u00e9ance that his ectoplasm was fake. In 1923 the Polish medium Jan Guzyk was exposed as a fraud in a series of s\u00e9ances in Sorbonne in Paris. Guzyk would use his elbows and legs to move objects around the room and touch the sitters. According to Max Dessoir the trick of Guzyk was to use his \"foot for psychic touches and sounds\". The psychical researchers Eric Dingwall and Harry Price re-published an anonymous work written by a former medium entitled \"Revelations of a Spirit Medium\" (1922) which exposed the tricks of mediumship and the fraudulent methods of producing \"spirit hands\". Originally all the copies of the book were bought up by spiritualists and deliberately destroyed."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is william Hope", "answer": {"text": "the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he a fraud?", "answer": {"text": "William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ...", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed3566f7c88b4fe4a026481424d585b1_1_q#3", "question": "How did people percieve him?", "rewrite": "How did people percieve William Hope?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He was also President of the British Association of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. Sir John Hope (1765\u20131836) (second son of John Hope, second son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir) was a lieutenant-general in the army. His third son, Sir William Hope-Johnstone (1766\u20131831) was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. He married his second cousin Lady Anne Hope-Johnston, \"de jure\" 6th Countess of Annandale and Hartfell, daughter of the third Earl. Their eldest son John James Hope Johnstone (1796\u20131876) twice unsuccessfully claimed the earldom of Annandale and Hartfell. However, his great-great-great-grandson successfully claimed the title in 1985 (see Earl of Annandale and Hartfell). Sir William Hope-Johnstone and Lady Anna Hope-Johnstone were also the parents of:  Sir George Johnstone Hope, son of Charles Hope-Weir by his third wife Helen Dunbar, was an admiral in the Royal Navy and fought at the Battle of Trafalgar. He married his first cousin once removed Lady Jemima Hope (d. 1808), daughter of the third Earl of Hopetoun. Their son Sir James Hope-Vere was an admiral of the fleet in the Royal Navy. Charles Hope (1768\u20131828), eldest son of the second Earl from his third marriage to Lady Elizabeth Leslie, was a general in the army. The Hon. Sir Alexander Hope (1769\u20131837), fourth son of the second Earl (and second from his third marriage to Lady Elizabeth Leslie), was a general in the army and represented Linlithgowshire in the House of Commons. He was the father of 1) George William Hope of Luffness (1808\u20131863), Member of Parliament for Windsor from 1859 to 1863,", "William Hope (VC) Colonel William Hope VC (12 April 1834 \u2013 17 December 1909) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. William Hope was the son of the Right Honourable John Hope, Lord Chief Justice Clerk of Scotland, and his wife Jessie Irving, and was born in Edinburgh on 12 April 1834. He was educated privately and at Trinity College, Cambridge. William Hope married Margaret Jane, daughter of Robert Cunningham Cunninghame Graham of Gartmore and aunt of the author, politician and traveller Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, by whom she had six children, the eldest of which was a son, Adrian, whose granddaughter, Lauretta Hope-Nicholson, was the second wife of the artist Jean Hugo. He was 21 years old, and a lieutenant in the 7th Regiment of Foot (later The Royal Fusiliers), British Army during the Crimean War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. On 18 June 1855 at Sebastopol, Crimean Peninsula, Lieutenant Hope went to the assistance of the adjutant, who was lying outside the trenches badly wounded. Having found that it was impossible to move him, even with the help of four men, he ran back across the open ground under very heavy fire from the enemy batteries, and procured a stretcher to bring the wounded officer in. He later achieved the rank of colonel. Hope invented a form of shrapnel shell for rifled guns, and later became an enthusiastic supporter of the volunteer movement, rising to the command of the 1st City of London Artillery Volunteers. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Royal Fusiliers Museum in the Tower of London, England. Following his military career, Hope was involved in a number of business ventures.", "Tropical Storm Earl (2004) Tropical Storm Earl caused minor damage in the Windward Islands in mid-August 2004. The sixth tropical cyclone and named storm of the annual hurricane season, Earl developed on August 13 from a tropical wave centered well east of the Lesser Antilles. The depression gradually organized as it tracked west-northwestward and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Earl roughly a day after genesis. As the system approached the Windward Islands it continued to slowly strengthen, peaking as a 50 mph (85 km/h) tropical storm early on August 15. However, the system unexpectedly degenerated into a tropical wave that afternoon, likely due to its fast forward motion. The remnants of Earl continued across the Caribbean Sea and eventually re-developed into Hurricane Frank in the eastern Pacific Ocean on August 23. Gusty winds in Grenada damaged at least 34 roofs and knocked down twelve trees and six electrical poles. Additionally, a nursing home on the island was evacuated due to significant structural damage. Two houses lost their roofs in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, while moderate crop damage was reported on the island. Downed trees and power lines in Tobago left 90% of the island without electricity. Overall, Earl was responsible for one fatality, nineteen missing, and an unknown amount of damage. The formation of Tropical Storm Earl is attributed to a low-latitude, vigorous tropical wave that emerged off the western coast of Africa and into the eastern Atlantic Ocean on August 10. As the disturbance moved towards the west, satellite imagery revealed a much better structure with much-improved banding features and fair upper-level outflow, leading to the formation of Tropical Depression Five at 1800 UTC on August 13, situated roughly 1000 mi (1610 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.", "The heir apparent's heir apparent is his elderson, Charles Adrian Bristow William Hope, Viscount Aithrie (b. 2001). Viscount Aithrie served as one of the Queen's Pages of Honour at the 2014 State Opening of Parliament. Numerous other members of the Hope of Hopetoun family have also gained distinction. James Hope-Vere (son of William Hope-Vere, eldest son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir (1710\u20131791), second son of the first Earl) represented Ilchester in the House of Commons. Charles Hope (eldest son of John Hope, second son of the Hon. Charles Hope-Weir) was Lord President of the Court of Session under the judicial title of Lord Granton from 1811 to 1836. John Hope, son of Charles Hope, was Lord Justice Clerk of Scotland from 1841 to 1858. His son William Hope was a lieutenant-colonel in the army and recipient of the Victoria Cross. Charles Hope (1798\u20131854), son of Charles Hope, Lord Granton, was a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. His son Charles Webley-Hope was also a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. The latter was the father of 1) Sir George Price Webley Hope, an admiral in the Royal Navy, who was the father of Maurice Webley Hope (1901\u20131986), a Brigadier in the army, and 2) Herbert Willes Webley Hope (1878\u20131969), an admiral in the Royal Navy, whose son Adrian Price Webley Hope was a major-general in the army. Charles Hope, son of Charles Hope (1798\u20131854), was a captain in the Royal Navy. His son Frederick Hope was a major-general in the army. The latter's grandson Sir Peter Hope was a diplomat and served as Ambassador to Mexico from 1968 to 1972.", "Who Dat Nation\" originated after a highly anticipated 2006 game between the Saints and the favored Dallas Cowboys, which the Saints won; after the game, listeners from a wide geographic range called into Hebert's radio show on WWL (AM), and Hebert commented, \"Man, there's a whole Who Dat Nation out there. \" In January 2010, the NFL sent cease and desist letters to several Louisiana T-shirt shop owners ordering them to cease producing T-shirts bearing the phrase \"Who dat\". According to some recipients of these letters, the NFL was claiming to own the trademark to the term \"Who dat\", and that unlicensed T-shirts bearing the phrase would cause confusion among fans of the Saints about the official status of the merchandise. On January 27 one company tweeted about their whodat tee shirt cease and desist order from the NFL, and \"NewOrleans.com\" and Huffington Post interviewed the Monisteres about the NFL's claims in relation to their company \" Who Dat?, Inc.\" The next day, the brothers released a statement claiming rights to the phrase to \"NewOrleans.com\", which they registered in 1983 after recording the version of \"When the Saints Go Marching In\" that incorporated the chant. The Monistere's record is listed as inactive, meaning that it was not renewed upon expiration. The Saints organization, through their company \"The New Orleans Louisiana Saints Limited Partnership\", also registered the mark \" Who Dat\" in 1988 when used in conjunction with \"fleur-de-lis design\", but later the Saints released their claim of ownership to \"WhoDat, Inc.\", asserting that they owned the phrase. The NFL's action also provoked responses from U.S. Senator David Vitter and Congressman Charlie Melancon of Louisiana, among others."], "answer": {"text": "Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory", "answer_start": 1506}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is william Hope", "answer": {"text": "the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he a fraud?", "answer": {"text": "William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ...", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did William do this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed3566f7c88b4fe4a026481424d585b1_1_q#4", "question": "Why did he do this?", "rewrite": "Why did Doyle threaten to evict Prince?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1991 and 1992 he rode the World Championship with Adrian K\u00e4ser, who would later, as passenger of Andreas Fuhrer, win four World titles himself. The new combination finished eighth in the World Championship in 1991 and sixth in 1992. On Swiss level the two won the title in 1991 and finished third in 1992. The 1993 World Championship season saw the H\u00fcsser's, Christoph and Andreas, reunited except in two events, where Fritz Witschi served as his passenger. The H\u00fcsser's achieved their last-ever race win in a Grand Prix together that season, in Switzerland, but only came 17th overall. In the Swiss championship the two came third that season. In the 1994 season H\u00fcsser raced the full World Championship program for a last time, coming 11th overall, now with Hans-Rudi Stettler as his passenger. In Switzerland the duo achieved another third place that year. Hi last two seasons in the World Championship, 1995 and 1996, saw H\u00fcsser only race three events each year. In both seasons he finished 24th overall, in 1995 with Roger Maurer as his passenger, in 1996 with Conny Johannson. In the Swiss championship he finished third again in 1995 and fifth in 1996. After the 1996 season Christoph H\u00fcsser retired from both the Swiss and the World Championship, the same year Andreas Fuhrer and Adrian K\u00e4ser did, the World Champions from 1993 to 1996, bringing to an end the Swiss-dominated era of the Sidecarcross World Championship, which had yielded 12 World Championship for the country in 15 years from 1982 to 1996. Christoph H\u00fcsser, together with his twin brother, grew up on his grandparents farm at Stetten, Aargau. After his active career he started a mobile toilet hire service in 2001. Christoph H\u00fcsser 's results in the Sidecarcross World Championship were:.", "The keep at Vincennes was highly innovative: six stories high, with a \"chemin de ronde\" running around the machicolated battlements; the luxuriously appointed building was protected by an \"enceinte\" wall that formed a \"fortified envelope\" around the keep. The Vincennes keep was copied elsewhere across France, particularly as the French kings reconquered territories from the English, encouraging a style that emphasised very tall keeps with prominent machicolations. No allowance for the emerging new gunpowder weapons was made in these keeps, although later in the century gunports were slowly being added, as for example by Charles VI to his keep at Saint-Malo. The French model spread into Iberia in the second half of the century, where the most powerful nobles in Castile built a number of similar tall keeps, such as that at Pe\u00f1afiel, taking advantage of the weakness of the Castilian Crown during the period. Henry IV of Castile responded in the 15th century by creating a sequence of royal castles with prominent keeps at the Castle of La Mota, Portillo, and Alc\u00e1zar of Segovia: built to particular proportions, these keeps became known as a key element of the Valladolid school of Spanish castle design. Smaller versions of these keeps were subsequently built by many aspiring new aristocracy in Spain, including many converted Jews, keen to improve their social prestige and position in society. The French model of tall keeps was also echoed in some German castles, such as that at Karl\u0161tejn, although the layout and positioning of these towers still followed the existing \"bergfried\" model, rather than that in western castles. The 15th and 16th centuries saw a small number of English and occasional Welsh castles develop still grander keeps.", "He was made a Baronet in 1805, promoted to Lieutenant-General on 24 April 1808, made a Knight of the Bath in 1812 and promoted to a full General in 1819. Governor of Charlemont Castle from 1818 until his death. King George III wrote to the Earl Marshall, Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk: \"... so that his (Doyle's) zeal and exertions in our service may be known to posterity\". Doyle was 'Deputy Grand Master' of the 'Orange Lodge 116' of the Freemasons. In 1806 he was presented with the 'Doyle Cup' which has been the property of the Masonic Library and Museum since 1938. The cup shows Doyle's freemasonry and military career in the French Revolutionary Wars. The lid bears the arms of the Masonic Ancients Grand Lodge and a Royal Crown. The spout bears the Prince of Wales's feathers \u2013 signifying that Doyle was Colonel of the Prince of Wales Royal Irish Regiment, that he had been initiated in Prince of Wales Lodge and the Prince of Wales was Grand Master of the Premier Grand Lodge of which he was also a member. A second Masonic cup follows the general design of the first, but shows scenes from the American War of Independence. It was presented by the Mariners Lodge and remains in Guernsey. Guernsey has commemorated Doyle in several ways: the Doyle Monument at Jerbourg Point; Doyle Road; Fort Doyle; Doyle Street; Doyle Lane; Doyle Close; and The Doyle \u2013 (previously the site of Doyle Barracks).", "Nunney Castle Nunney Castle is a medieval castle at Nunney in the English county of Somerset. Built in the late 14th century by Sir John Delamare on the profits of his involvement in the Hundred Years War, the moated castle's architectural style, possibly influenced by the design of French castles, has provoked considerable academic debate. Remodelled during the late 16th century, Nunney Castle was damaged during the English Civil War and is now ruined. English Heritage maintains the site as a tourist attraction. The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner has described Nunney as \"aesthetically the most impressive castle in Somerset.\" Nunney Castle was built near the village of Nunney in Somerset by Sir John Delamare. Delamare had been a soldier during the Hundred Years War with France, where he had made his fortune. He obtained a licence to crenellate from Edward III to build a castle on the site of his existing, unfortified manor house in 1373 and set about developing a new, substantial fortification. The resulting castle centred on a stone tower-keep, measuring 60 feet by 24 feet (18 m by 7 m) internally and 54 feet (16 m) tall, with four round corner-towers. The tower-keep had eight-foot (2.4 m) thick walls made from Lias Oolite ashlar stone and was designed around three floors. The corner towers had conical roofs and prominent machicolations. The ground floor of the tower-house included the kitchen and other service areas. The functions of the first and second floors are uncertain; one theory is that the first floor was another service area, with the hall on the second floor; another approach argues that the first floor formed the hall, and the second floor living accommodation; a minority view proposes that the first floor was an armoury.", "The winners are brought to Lawrence, Kansas for the event. Beginning in 2004, winners of the Campbell and Sturgeon Awards receive trophies. In 2005, with donations from SFRA, SFWA, publishers, conventions, and individuals concerned with the field, the Center established AboutSF. AboutSF is the educational outreach arm of CSSF. Its primary goal is to engage and encourage educators to teach science fiction. AboutSF has hosted Teaching Science Fiction workshops at several cons in the past. This August, AboutSF will hold a workshop at this year's WorldCon, LoneStarCon. James Gunn's \"Ad Astra\" is an online and print magazine that publishes both fiction and scholarly articles in the field of science fiction. \" Ad Astra\" was founded in 2012 by James Gunn and former AboutSF Volunteer Coordinator Isaac Bell, and published its first issue in July 2012. In 1985, Gunn established the Science Fiction Writers Workshop (since renamed the \"Speculative Fiction Writing Workshop\"), an annual event. He led it on his own (with appearances from Sturgeon Award- and Campbell Award-winning authors) until 1996, when author and CSSF Director Christopher McKitterick began co-teaching. Kij Johnson also co-taught the Science Fiction Writers Workshop from 1996-2002. McKitterick has led the Workshop since 2011 with guest authors, including Pat Cadigan, Bradley Denton, Andy Duncan, and John Kessel (with appearances from Sturgeon Award- and Campbell Award-winning authors). In 2005, Kij Johnson established the \"Science Fiction & Fantasy Novel Writers Workshop\", offered during the same two-week period as the short-fiction workshop. Starting in 2010, she began offering a \"Repeat Offenders\" follow-up workshop for alumni, as did McKitterick beginning in 2016."], "answer": {"text": "Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research,", "answer_start": 1280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is william Hope", "answer": {"text": "the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he a fraud?", "answer": {"text": "William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ...", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did William do this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did people percieve him?", "answer": {"text": "Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory", "answer_start": 1506, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed3566f7c88b4fe4a026481424d585b1_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects of this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the mass resignation, are there any other interesting aspects of this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Margarito Teves  Margarito \"Gary\" Bustalino Teves (born August 1, 1943) was the secretary of the Department of Finance of the Philippines. He was appointed to the position in July 2005 by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, following a mass resignation of her economic team. In January 2009 he was named \"Best Finance Minister\" in Asia, a title given by London-based international finance magazine, The Banker. Teves was born in Barangay Sangkol, Municipality of Dipolog (now Dipolog City), Province of Zamboanga (now a part of Zamboanga del Norte). Teves received his M.A. in Developmental Economics from Williams College in 1968. He was elected congressman representing the 3rd district of Negros Oriental from 1987 to 1998. Following his three terms in office\u2014the maximum number allowed by the constitution\u2014he was succeeded by his father, Herminio Teves. Teves was appointed as Secretary of the Department of Finance in July 2005 by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, following a mass resignation of her economic team. As Finance Secretary, he oversaw the Arroyo administration's aggressive attempts to decrease the government's budget deficit.", "This went against common practice and brought objections from the umpires and MLUA leadership, which believed that the collective bargaining agreement was being violated. The MLUA also had a complaint against the Major League Baseball Players Association, when it released a survey of players, which included umpire ratings, publicly. During the season, there were numerous disputes between umpires and MLB owners. One involved Tom Hallion, who was suspended for three days by NL president Leonard Coleman after bumping a player. Another regarded the amount of pay owed to umpires who officiated the exhibition games between the Baltimore Orioles and Cuban national baseball team. On July 14, the umpires held a meeting in Philadelphia. There, they held a vote proposing a strike, which passed; however, the collective bargaining agreement was still in place. With that in mind, the union decided on a different course of action: a mass resignation by umpires. Richie Phillips, the MLUA's leader, announced on July 15 that 57 umpires would resign, effective September 2. According to umpire Dave Phillips, the resignations were intended to force negotiations with MLB to gain a new contract, effective at the start of 2000. Richie Phillips added that MLUA members stood to gain about $15 million of severance pay. The union intended to have the leagues negotiate in the future with a newly formed corporation, to be created after the mass resignation occurred. Out of the 68 MLB umpires, all but two (Derryl Cousins and John Shulock, who were barred from the MLUA after working as replacements during the 1979 umpires' strike) were members of the MLUA. Thirty-four National League umpires sent letters of resignation through the MLUA, along with 23 umpires who worked in the American League. Within a week, several of the umpires moved to rescind their earlier actions.", "Szeto Wah said the Democratic Party would not join in the resignations itself, but would support pan-democrats who stood for re-election. Martin Lee called on the other democrats to rethink their participation in the plan. In December, the Democratic Party membership voted 229 voted against, 54 in favour and one abstention not to join the resignation plan after a four-hour debate; Martin Lee expressed his disappointment. The Civic Party was initially lukewarm to the idea; it later responded with their \"3-Stage Fight Plan for Universal Suffrage\", which involves firstly negotiation with the government for a firm roadmap and timetable, Five Constituencies Resignation, and if that is not successful, mass resignation of all 23 democrats in Legco. Party co-founder Ronny Tong opposed the plan, fearing the loss of veto if their numbers dwindled in the by-election. Tong was not confident of the pan-democratic camp being able to mobilise sufficient voters to render meaningful effect in the so-called de facto referendum. He also feared that failing to get Beijing to agree to its demand after the first phase of protest would lead to mass pan-democratic resignations from LegCo, which would be likely to further the split the pan-democratic camp. Around November 2009 there were disputes within the pan-democracy camp as to who would resign or not. Tong said he would not resign his seat in Legco if there was to be a mass resignation, but would instead leave the party he helped found. In November the Liberal Party chairman James Tien and Chan Yuen-han of the Federation of Trade Unions were looking to contest the by-elections.", "1989 Australian pilots' dispute The 1989 Australian pilots' dispute was one of the most expensive and dramatic industrial disputes in Australia's history. It was co-ordinated by the Australian Federation of Air Pilots (AFAP) after a prolonged period of wage suppression, to support its campaign for a large pay increase (which it quantified at 29.5%). The dispute began impacting the public on 18 August 1989 with pilots working \"9-5\" and was never formally resolved due to the mass resignation of pilots, cancellation of their award and de-recognition of their union. As part of this campaign, AFAP pilots imposed on their employers (Ansett Australia, East-West, Ipec and Australian Airlines) a limitation on the hours they were prepared to work, arguing that if they were to be treated in exactly the same way as other employee groups (the stance adopted by the Government), their work conditions should also be the same. This initially took the form of making themselves available for flying duties only within the normal office working hours of 9am to 5pm. The dispute severely disrupted domestic air travel in Australia and had a major detrimental impact on the tourism industry and many other businesses. A few days earlier, Labor Prime Minister Bob Hawke declared a national emergency and allowed Royal Australian Air Force planes and pilots and overseas aircraft and pilots to provide services. The RAAF provided limited domestic air services to ease the impact of the dispute. The employers recruited new pilots from overseas, and for a while, some overseas airlines operated charter 737 and 757 aircraft on east coast routes, and travel between Perth and Sydney was via Singapore, using international flights. The dispute was superficially resolved after the mass resignation of a significant number of domestic airline pilots to avoid litigation from the employers.", "The company has also been noted for the many unsolicited bulk emails it sends to academics about its journals. In 2013, the \"Open Journal of Pediatrics\", a SCIRP journal, published a study which concluded that the number of babies born with thyroid problems in the western United States increased by 16 percent in 2011 compared to 2010, after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. The study has been criticized for not taking into account the fact that 2010 was a year with an unusually low number of births with thyroid problems. SCIRP refused to print a letter criticizing the study, but offered to publish it as an article for a charge. The company has been included in a list of questionable open access publishers, according to Jeffrey Beall's criteria. Beall states that \"This publisher exists for two reasons. First, it exists to exploit the author-pays Open Access model to generate revenue, and second, it serves as an easy place for foreign (chiefly Chinese) authors to publish overseas and increase their academic status.\" He acknowledges that its fees are relatively low, describing this as \"a strategy that increases article submissions,\" and that \"it has attracted some quality article submissions. Nevertheless, it is really a vanity press.\" Further controversy was generated by a mass resignation of the editorial board of one of the company's journals, \"Advances in Anthropology\", in 2014. According to the former editor-in-chief, Fatimah Jackson, it was motivated by failures to include the editorial board in the journal's review process, and by \"consistent and flagrant unethical breaches by the editorial staff in China\", for whom publishing the journal \"was only about making money.\" According to Beall, this was the first mass resignation from an open-access journal."], "answer": {"text": "Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle.", "answer_start": 1118}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is william Hope", "answer": {"text": "the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he a fraud?", "answer": {"text": "William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ...", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did William do this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did people percieve him?", "answer": {"text": "Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory", "answer_start": 1506, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he do this?", "answer": {"text": "Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research,", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ed3566f7c88b4fe4a026481424d585b1_1_q#6", "question": "Was it popular?", "rewrite": "Was Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 4 February 1922, Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott had proven the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his SPR report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of Spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "Cold Light Cold Light () is a 2004 Icelandic film directed by Hilmar Oddsson. Cold Light was released on 26 September 2005. It was Iceland's submission to the 77th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not accepted as a nominee. Edda Awards in Iceland In 2004 Cold Light won the Edda Awards in Iceland for \u2018Best Film\u2019, \u2018Actor or Actress of the Year\u2019 (Ingvar Eggert Sigur\u00f0sson), \u2018Supporting Actor or Supporting Actress of the Year\u2019 (Kristbj\u00f6rg Kjeld), \u2018Director of the Year\u2019 (Hilmar Oddsson) and \u2018Professional Category: Sound/Vision\u2019 (Sigur\u00f0ur Sverrir P\u00e1lsson, for the cinematographer). They were nominated at the Edda Awards in Iceland for \u2018Actor or Actress of the Year\u2019 (\u00c1sl\u00e1kur Ingvarsson), \u2018Supporting Actor or Supporting Actress of the Year\u2019 (Helga Braga J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir) and \u2018Supporting Actor or Supporting Actress of the Year\u2019 (Sn\u00e6fr\u00ed\u00f0ur Ingvarsd\u00f3ttir). European Films Awards In 2004 at the European Films Awards, Cold Light was nominated for the Audience Award for the \u2018Best Director\u2019 for Hilmar Oddisson. It was nominated for the Audience Award for \u2018Best Acrtor\u2019 (Ingvar Eggert Sigur\u00f0sson). Festr\u00f3ia International Film Festival Festr\u00f3ia International Film Festival in 2004 , Cold Light won a Silver Dolphin for \u2018Best Actor\u2019 (Ingvar Eggert Sigur\u00f0sson). It also won the \u2018Prize of the City of Setubal (Hilmar Oddsson) and it was nominated for the Golden Dolphin award for (Hilmar Oddsson). Mar del Plata Film Festival", "William Hope (paranormal investigator) William Hope (1863 \u2013 8 March 1933) was a pioneer of so-called \"spirit photography\". Based in Crewe, England, he was a member of the well known spiritualists group, the Crewe Circle. He died in Salford hospital on 8 March 1933. As a young man Hope was employed as a carpenter, but he quickly came to prominence in paranormal circles after claiming to be able to capture images of spirits on camera. Hope produced his first spirit image in 1905. Soon afterwards he formed the Crewe Circle Spiritualist group, with himself as the leader. In 1906, Hope managed to dupe William Crookes with a fake spirit photograph of his wife. Oliver Lodge revealed there had been obvious signs of double exposure \u2013 the picture of Lady Crookes had been copied from a wedding anniversary photograph. However, Crookes was a convinced spiritualist and claimed it was genuine evidence for spirit photography. Doubts were also raised about his spirit photography in 1908. Hope was first exposed in 1920 by Edward Bush who had caught Hope out by using a trap. He used the fake name \"Wood\" and sent a letter to Hope with a photograph of a living person which he pretended was his deceased son. He later attended a sitting with Hope. Hope produced a \"spirit\" extra which was exactly the same as the photograph he had sent Hope and on it were the words \"Dear friend Wood\". The psychical researcher Whately Carington wrote regarding the exposure \"any reasonable person will say that Mr Bush had proved his case. \" In 1921, Mr DeVaga, a friend of the magician Harry Houdini, attended a sitting with Hope. DeVaga found the dark conditions in the room suspicious and suspected that Hope had switched a plate.", "On 4 February 1922, Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott had proven the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his SPR report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of Spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "In February 1922, the Society for Psychical Research and the paranormal investigator Harry Price with James Seymour, Eric Dingwall and William Marriott demonstrated that Hope was fraudulent during tests at the British College of Psychic Science. Price wrote in his report \"William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter... It implies that the medium brings to the sitting a duplicate slide and faked plates for fraudulent purposes.\" Price secretly marked Hope's photographic plates, and provided him with a packet of additional plates that had been covertly etched with the brand image of the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd. in the knowledge that the logo would be transferred to any images created with them. Unaware that Price had tampered with his supplies, Hope then attempted to produce a number of spirit photographs. Although Hope produced several images of spirits, none of his materials contained the Imperial Dry Plate Co. Ltd logo, or the marks that Price had put on Hope's original equipment, showing that he had exchanged prepared materials containing fake spirit images for the provided materials. Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called \"Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle. \" Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research, as they believed the Society was opposed to spiritualism. Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory and claimed if he persisted to write \"sewage\" about spiritualists, he would meet the same fate as Harry Houdini. Doyle and other spiritualists attacked Price and tried for years to have Price take his pamphlet out of circulation. Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\""], "answer": {"text": "Price wrote \"Arthur Conan Doyle and his friends abused me for years for exposing Hope.\"", "answer_start": 1789}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is william Hope", "answer": {"text": "the spirit photographer William Hope was a fraud", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he a fraud?", "answer": {"text": "William Hope has been found guilty of deliberately substituting his own plates for those of a sitter ...", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did William do this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did people percieve him?", "answer": {"text": "Doyle threatened to have Price evicted from his laboratory", "answer_start": 1506, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he do this?", "answer": {"text": "Due to the exposure of Hope and other fraudulent spiritualists, Arthur Conan Doyle led a mass resignation of eighty-four members of the Society for Psychical Research,", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects of this article?", "answer": {"text": "Price later re-published the Society's experiment in a pamphlet of his own called Cold Light on Spiritualistic \"Phenomena\" - An Experiment with the Crewe Circle.", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba01c3d1d29498498673614cf921513_1_q#0", "question": "What was special about Tom Morello's technique?", "rewrite": "What was special about Tom Morello's technique?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rise Up (Cypress Hill song) \"Rise Up\" is the second single from Cypress Hill's eighth studio album, \"Rise Up\". It features guitarist Tom Morello. The song is very similar in style to Tom Morello's recently reformed band Rage Against the Machine. Speaking in March 2010 to noted UK urban writer Pete Lewis - Deputy Editor of the award-winning Blues & Soul - Cypress Hill emcee B-Real explained how the song 'Rise Up' became the title track to its accompanying album: \"Sen Dog and myself had been working on the album for quite some time. And we got to a point where we were like 'Maybe we should call Tom Morello to see if he'd be interested in taking a listen to this album and perhaps contributing to it'... And so fortunately Tom - who's a friend of ours - listened, liked what he heard - and ended up giving us a great TRACK! And, though at the time we had a few possible album titles prepared that we liked, at that point none of them had actually STUCK. But then, once we recorded Tom's song and came up with the title for it - 'Rise Up' - we knew instantly that had to be the title for the whole RECORD! Because it basically summed up what we were DOING! Like we've been doing this for so long, and here we are now getting back up and trying to get this Cypress Hill movement on the roll again!\" The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It begins with a news cast describing a riot. When this news cast ends it shows Tom Morello his guitar. This is followed by a scene featuring a girl sitting down with a gas mask on watching several televisions.", "Live at Lime with Tom Morello: The Nightwatchman  Live at Lime with Tom Morello: The Nightwatchman is a two-track live album by The Nightwatchman, the alter ego of Tom Morello. Both songs on the album are covers [The Killers' \"Human\" and Alfred Hayes' \"Joe Hill\"], which is a first for a Nightwatchman album. It was recorded in 2009 and released by LimeWire Store on December 11, 2009 as a benefit for Amnesty International. All net proceeds from this release are being donated to the organization. In addition to the Live at Lime recording, Rollins released a four-part interview with Morello discussing his political activism and plans as a musician. The interview and songs can be found here", "Revelations (Audioslave song) \"Revelations\" is a song by American rock supergroup Audioslave. It was released in November 2006 as the second and final single from their third album \"Revelations\", and also the final single of their career. Musically, the song begins with a unique, dreamy, slightly flanged arpeggio that is unusual for Tom Morello. After a repeat of the arpeggio, the main riff of the song crashes in accompanied by drums and bass. Tom's solo once again invokes the toggle switch technique, with one handed tapping in the left hand that creates a hectic array of notes which seem to bounce off each other before entering the closing bridge of the solo, where Morello's DigiTech Whammy pedal is put into full force. The video premiered in November 2006. It simply shows the band playing the song with no added dramatics. The music video begins with various band members playing their instrument in front of a camera shoot. When the vocals begin, a split-screen of Chris Cornell and other band members begins. As each guitar riff or drum part kicks in, the player of that instrument gets their few seconds in front of the camera. During Tom Morello's guitar solo, the camera largely goes between him and drummer Brad Wilk, but still with a few shots of Cornell and bassist Tim Commerford. The video also clearly shows Morello playing a Gibson Les Paul that formerly had a Budweiser logo on it; Morello promptly burned the logo off in refusal for his guitar to be used as an object for advertising. During Cornell's vocal solo after Morello's guitar solo, the camera's tint turns to a blue color, before reverting to its original color for the final chorus.", "Street Sweeper Social Club (album) Street Sweeper Social Club is the debut self-titled album by American rap rock supergroup Street Sweeper Social Club, composed of guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine and Audioslave and rapper/emcee Boots Riley of The Coup. The album was released by Warner Music Group on June 16, 2009. The first single from the album, entitled \"100 Little Curses\", premiered on the band's Myspace on April 27, 2009. Two additional songs from the album: \"Clap for the Killers\" and \"The Oath\" were released on the \"NINJA 2009 Tour Sampler\", the EP sampler supporting the 2009 \"NIN|JA\" tour with Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction. Morello describes the album as \"revolutionary party jams. It's got huge steamroller riffs combined with depth, charge, funk, while Boots unloads clip after clip of incendiary rhymes rich with satire and venom.\" Boots Riley added that \"this is a time when the working class is being fleeced left and right. More families will be homeless and more people will be jobless. They'll need something to listen to on their iPods while storming Wall Street.\" To support the release of the album, the band was confirmed as the opener for the Nine Inch Nails & Jane's Addiction 2009 tour, running from the 8th of May to the 12th of June. On September 29, 2009, Tom Morello confirmed that \"Promenade\" was going to be a single via YouTube. All tracks written by Tom Morello and Boots Riley, except where noted.", "Street Sweeper Social Club Street Sweeper Social Club is an American rap rock supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in 2006. The band primarily consists of guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine and vocalist and emcee Boots Riley of The Coup. The band had been testing songs out during Tom Morello's Nightwatchman tour and released an album on June 16, 2009. Stanton Moore drummed for the group for the recording of the album although he did not join the band for the following tour. Street Sweeper Social Club opened for Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction in May 2009. Street Sweeper Social Club describes itself as \"more than a band, it's a social club. \" Their 2010 EP \"The Ghetto Blaster EP\" includes covers of M.I.A. \"Paper Planes\" and LL Cool J's \"Mama Said Knock You Out\". Morello and Riley first met during Billy Bragg's Tell Us the Truth Tour in 2003 where Morello often joined Riley on stage as his acoustic folk alter ego the Nightwatchman playing acoustic versions of The Coup's songs. After a Coup show in Los Angeles Morello approached Riley over a dinner with the idea of forming a band to play \"anthems for the revolution\". Morello gave Riley a cassette with instrumental demo songs asking Riley to listen to it, write something and then get back to him. On the 2008 Nightwatchman tour, Riley made frequent appearances on stage to play the song \"100 Little Curses\" with Morello, which later became the first single released off their debut album. After playing the song, Morello confirmed that an album was in the works and would be out in early 2009. In the Spring of 2009, Street Sweeper Social Club announced a summer tour of the United States with Nine Inch Nails and the recently reunited Jane's Addiction."], "answer": {"text": "Morello chooses various effects pedals. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a DigiTech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (", "answer_start": 362}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6ba01c3d1d29498498673614cf921513_1_q#1", "question": "How did he learn this method?", "rewrite": "How did Tom Morello learn the pedal method?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Street Sweeper Social Club Street Sweeper Social Club is an American rap rock supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in 2006. The band primarily consists of guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine and vocalist and emcee Boots Riley of The Coup. The band had been testing songs out during Tom Morello's Nightwatchman tour and released an album on June 16, 2009. Stanton Moore drummed for the group for the recording of the album although he did not join the band for the following tour. Street Sweeper Social Club opened for Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction in May 2009. Street Sweeper Social Club describes itself as \"more than a band, it's a social club. \" Their 2010 EP \"The Ghetto Blaster EP\" includes covers of M.I.A. \"Paper Planes\" and LL Cool J's \"Mama Said Knock You Out\". Morello and Riley first met during Billy Bragg's Tell Us the Truth Tour in 2003 where Morello often joined Riley on stage as his acoustic folk alter ego the Nightwatchman playing acoustic versions of The Coup's songs. After a Coup show in Los Angeles Morello approached Riley over a dinner with the idea of forming a band to play \"anthems for the revolution\". Morello gave Riley a cassette with instrumental demo songs asking Riley to listen to it, write something and then get back to him. On the 2008 Nightwatchman tour, Riley made frequent appearances on stage to play the song \"100 Little Curses\" with Morello, which later became the first single released off their debut album. After playing the song, Morello confirmed that an album was in the works and would be out in early 2009. In the Spring of 2009, Street Sweeper Social Club announced a summer tour of the United States with Nine Inch Nails and the recently reunited Jane's Addiction.", "Revelations (Audioslave song) \"Revelations\" is a song by American rock supergroup Audioslave. It was released in November 2006 as the second and final single from their third album \"Revelations\", and also the final single of their career. Musically, the song begins with a unique, dreamy, slightly flanged arpeggio that is unusual for Tom Morello. After a repeat of the arpeggio, the main riff of the song crashes in accompanied by drums and bass. Tom's solo once again invokes the toggle switch technique, with one handed tapping in the left hand that creates a hectic array of notes which seem to bounce off each other before entering the closing bridge of the solo, where Morello's DigiTech Whammy pedal is put into full force. The video premiered in November 2006. It simply shows the band playing the song with no added dramatics. The music video begins with various band members playing their instrument in front of a camera shoot. When the vocals begin, a split-screen of Chris Cornell and other band members begins. As each guitar riff or drum part kicks in, the player of that instrument gets their few seconds in front of the camera. During Tom Morello's guitar solo, the camera largely goes between him and drummer Brad Wilk, but still with a few shots of Cornell and bassist Tim Commerford. The video also clearly shows Morello playing a Gibson Les Paul that formerly had a Budweiser logo on it; Morello promptly burned the logo off in refusal for his guitar to be used as an object for advertising. During Cornell's vocal solo after Morello's guitar solo, the camera's tint turns to a blue color, before reverting to its original color for the final chorus.", "Rise Up (Cypress Hill song) \"Rise Up\" is the second single from Cypress Hill's eighth studio album, \"Rise Up\". It features guitarist Tom Morello. The song is very similar in style to Tom Morello's recently reformed band Rage Against the Machine. Speaking in March 2010 to noted UK urban writer Pete Lewis - Deputy Editor of the award-winning Blues & Soul - Cypress Hill emcee B-Real explained how the song 'Rise Up' became the title track to its accompanying album: \"Sen Dog and myself had been working on the album for quite some time. And we got to a point where we were like 'Maybe we should call Tom Morello to see if he'd be interested in taking a listen to this album and perhaps contributing to it'... And so fortunately Tom - who's a friend of ours - listened, liked what he heard - and ended up giving us a great TRACK! And, though at the time we had a few possible album titles prepared that we liked, at that point none of them had actually STUCK. But then, once we recorded Tom's song and came up with the title for it - 'Rise Up' - we knew instantly that had to be the title for the whole RECORD! Because it basically summed up what we were DOING! Like we've been doing this for so long, and here we are now getting back up and trying to get this Cypress Hill movement on the roll again!\" The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It begins with a news cast describing a riot. When this news cast ends it shows Tom Morello his guitar. This is followed by a scene featuring a girl sitting down with a gas mask on watching several televisions.", "Philip Darnall Philip Darnall (born 1604), was an English barrister. His son Henry Darnall, (1645\u20131711), emigrated to North America, where he became the Proprietary Agent of George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, (1579\u20131632), and George Calvert's son, Cecilius Calvert, second Lord Baltimore, (1605\u20131675) and the founder of Maryland. Philip Darnall was the son of Henry Darnall (1564\u20131607) and Mary Tooke of \"Bird's Place\" in Essendon, Hertfordshire, England. Henry Darnall's memorial stone in the parish church was described in 1826 as bearing the following inscription: Philip Darnall became a barrister like his father. He is said to have been secretary to George Calvert, and to have converted to Catholicism along with Calvert while the two were on an extended diplomatic mission to France, but this is doubtful. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, Calvert converted in 1624. The mission to France took place in 1610, when Darnall was still a child. Philip Darnall's brother Ralph, also a barrister, was Clerk to the Parliament during the Protectorate. Ralph Darnall's daughter Mary married Charles Calvert, son and heir of the Proprietor of Maryland, Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore. Philip Darnall's wife was Mary Breton, daughter of Sir Henry Breton (or Britton) by his wife, Anne Yate, daughter of Edward Yate of Buckland, Berkshire, England, with whom he had at least two sons:", "Calm Like a Bomb \"Calm Like a Bomb\" is a song by American band Rage Against the Machine, off their third album \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". Like their song \"Tire Me\" from the 1996 album \"Evil Empire\", \"Calm Like A Bomb\" never had a music video or was released on any media formats. It did however, receive enough radio airplay to become an album favorite. The artwork most commonly associated with the song is from a competition the band held for the then upcoming album \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". Competing artists were given titles to put on their covers including \"Agunzagun\", \"Battle Hymns\" and \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". One of the titles was even a verse from \"Calm Like A Bomb\" - \"\"The Riot Be The Rhyme Of The Unheard\"\". Tom Morello eventually used the name \"Battle Hymns\" for a track on his debut album, \"One Man Revolution\" in 2007. \"Calm Like A Bomb\" is notable as a display of guitarist Tom Morello's creative use of a whammy pedal. Like many of RATM's songs, the song's lyrics discuss social inequalities. The song also features a reference to Emiliano Zapata. Tim Commerford uses a combination of a home-made overdrive pedal and the Jim Dunlop 105Q Bass Wah pedal on his bass throughout the song. In \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's feature article on the new \"Guitar Heroes,\" a section was printed about Tom Morello, and Calm Like a Bomb was cited as the prime example of his skill and fame on the guitar. He has occasionally referred to the extremely high whammy-pedal effects used in songs such as this as \"pterodactyl sounds.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Tom Morello's technique?", "answer": {"text": "Morello chooses various effects pedals. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a DigiTech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba01c3d1d29498498673614cf921513_1_q#2", "question": "Did he always use this technique?", "rewrite": "Did Tom Morello always use the pedal technique?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Calm Like a Bomb \"Calm Like a Bomb\" is a song by American band Rage Against the Machine, off their third album \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". Like their song \"Tire Me\" from the 1996 album \"Evil Empire\", \"Calm Like A Bomb\" never had a music video or was released on any media formats. It did however, receive enough radio airplay to become an album favorite. The artwork most commonly associated with the song is from a competition the band held for the then upcoming album \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". Competing artists were given titles to put on their covers including \"Agunzagun\", \"Battle Hymns\" and \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". One of the titles was even a verse from \"Calm Like A Bomb\" - \"\"The Riot Be The Rhyme Of The Unheard\"\". Tom Morello eventually used the name \"Battle Hymns\" for a track on his debut album, \"One Man Revolution\" in 2007. \"Calm Like A Bomb\" is notable as a display of guitarist Tom Morello's creative use of a whammy pedal. Like many of RATM's songs, the song's lyrics discuss social inequalities. The song also features a reference to Emiliano Zapata. Tim Commerford uses a combination of a home-made overdrive pedal and the Jim Dunlop 105Q Bass Wah pedal on his bass throughout the song. In \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's feature article on the new \"Guitar Heroes,\" a section was printed about Tom Morello, and Calm Like a Bomb was cited as the prime example of his skill and fame on the guitar. He has occasionally referred to the extremely high whammy-pedal effects used in songs such as this as \"pterodactyl sounds.\"", "Street Sweeper Social Club Street Sweeper Social Club is an American rap rock supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in 2006. The band primarily consists of guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine and vocalist and emcee Boots Riley of The Coup. The band had been testing songs out during Tom Morello's Nightwatchman tour and released an album on June 16, 2009. Stanton Moore drummed for the group for the recording of the album although he did not join the band for the following tour. Street Sweeper Social Club opened for Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction in May 2009. Street Sweeper Social Club describes itself as \"more than a band, it's a social club. \" Their 2010 EP \"The Ghetto Blaster EP\" includes covers of M.I.A. \"Paper Planes\" and LL Cool J's \"Mama Said Knock You Out\". Morello and Riley first met during Billy Bragg's Tell Us the Truth Tour in 2003 where Morello often joined Riley on stage as his acoustic folk alter ego the Nightwatchman playing acoustic versions of The Coup's songs. After a Coup show in Los Angeles Morello approached Riley over a dinner with the idea of forming a band to play \"anthems for the revolution\". Morello gave Riley a cassette with instrumental demo songs asking Riley to listen to it, write something and then get back to him. On the 2008 Nightwatchman tour, Riley made frequent appearances on stage to play the song \"100 Little Curses\" with Morello, which later became the first single released off their debut album. After playing the song, Morello confirmed that an album was in the works and would be out in early 2009. In the Spring of 2009, Street Sweeper Social Club announced a summer tour of the United States with Nine Inch Nails and the recently reunited Jane's Addiction.", "\" What evolved as \"German\" pedal technique in the late 18th and early 19th century promoted heel-and-toe pedaling, while the \"French\" style was predicated on \"toe only\" pedal technique. In the 17th and 18th century, pedalboards were rare in England. A critic for the \"New York Times\" in 1895 argued that this may explain why Handel's published organ works are generally lighter-sounding than those of J.S. Bach. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the pedal part of organ music was rarely given its own staff. Instead, the organ part would be put into two staves, which were mostly used for the upper and lower manual parts. When the composer wanted a part played with the pedal keyboard, they marked \"Pedal\", \"Ped.\", or simply \"P\". Often, composers omitted these signs, and player had to decide if the range of all the parts or the lowest part was appropriate for the pedal keyboard. This lack of specification is in keeping with many other aspects of Baroque musical performance practice, such as the use of improvised chords by organists and harpsichord players in the figured bass tradition and the use of improvised ornaments by solo singers and instrumentalists. In the late 1820s, the pedalboard was still fairly unfamiliar in the UK. In the organ at the Church of St James at Bermondsey in 1829, \"a finger [manual] keyboard was added for those unable to play with their feet. \" If an organist was performing a piece with a pedal part, \"an assistant was needed to play the bottom line of the finger keyboard, offset on the bass side of the console. \" In 1855 in England, Henry Willis patented a concave design for the pedalboard that also radiated the ends keyboard outward and used longer keys, bringing the end keys closer to the performer.", "Revelations (Audioslave song) \"Revelations\" is a song by American rock supergroup Audioslave. It was released in November 2006 as the second and final single from their third album \"Revelations\", and also the final single of their career. Musically, the song begins with a unique, dreamy, slightly flanged arpeggio that is unusual for Tom Morello. After a repeat of the arpeggio, the main riff of the song crashes in accompanied by drums and bass. Tom's solo once again invokes the toggle switch technique, with one handed tapping in the left hand that creates a hectic array of notes which seem to bounce off each other before entering the closing bridge of the solo, where Morello's DigiTech Whammy pedal is put into full force. The video premiered in November 2006. It simply shows the band playing the song with no added dramatics. The music video begins with various band members playing their instrument in front of a camera shoot. When the vocals begin, a split-screen of Chris Cornell and other band members begins. As each guitar riff or drum part kicks in, the player of that instrument gets their few seconds in front of the camera. During Tom Morello's guitar solo, the camera largely goes between him and drummer Brad Wilk, but still with a few shots of Cornell and bassist Tim Commerford. The video also clearly shows Morello playing a Gibson Les Paul that formerly had a Budweiser logo on it; Morello promptly burned the logo off in refusal for his guitar to be used as an object for advertising. During Cornell's vocal solo after Morello's guitar solo, the camera's tint turns to a blue color, before reverting to its original color for the final chorus.", "Rise Up (Cypress Hill song) \"Rise Up\" is the second single from Cypress Hill's eighth studio album, \"Rise Up\". It features guitarist Tom Morello. The song is very similar in style to Tom Morello's recently reformed band Rage Against the Machine. Speaking in March 2010 to noted UK urban writer Pete Lewis - Deputy Editor of the award-winning Blues & Soul - Cypress Hill emcee B-Real explained how the song 'Rise Up' became the title track to its accompanying album: \"Sen Dog and myself had been working on the album for quite some time. And we got to a point where we were like 'Maybe we should call Tom Morello to see if he'd be interested in taking a listen to this album and perhaps contributing to it'... And so fortunately Tom - who's a friend of ours - listened, liked what he heard - and ended up giving us a great TRACK! And, though at the time we had a few possible album titles prepared that we liked, at that point none of them had actually STUCK. But then, once we recorded Tom's song and came up with the title for it - 'Rise Up' - we knew instantly that had to be the title for the whole RECORD! Because it basically summed up what we were DOING! Like we've been doing this for so long, and here we are now getting back up and trying to get this Cypress Hill movement on the roll again!\" The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It begins with a news cast describing a riot. When this news cast ends it shows Tom Morello his guitar. This is followed by a scene featuring a girl sitting down with a gas mask on watching several televisions."], "answer": {"text": "In the studio, Morello uses the same setup for the bulk of the guitar tracks.", "answer_start": 1090}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Tom Morello's technique?", "answer": {"text": "Morello chooses various effects pedals. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a DigiTech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he learn this method?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba01c3d1d29498498673614cf921513_1_q#3", "question": "What else does he use in practice?", "rewrite": "Besides the pedal technique, what else does Tom Morello use in practice?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Calm Like a Bomb \"Calm Like a Bomb\" is a song by American band Rage Against the Machine, off their third album \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". Like their song \"Tire Me\" from the 1996 album \"Evil Empire\", \"Calm Like A Bomb\" never had a music video or was released on any media formats. It did however, receive enough radio airplay to become an album favorite. The artwork most commonly associated with the song is from a competition the band held for the then upcoming album \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". Competing artists were given titles to put on their covers including \"Agunzagun\", \"Battle Hymns\" and \"The Battle of Los Angeles\". One of the titles was even a verse from \"Calm Like A Bomb\" - \"\"The Riot Be The Rhyme Of The Unheard\"\". Tom Morello eventually used the name \"Battle Hymns\" for a track on his debut album, \"One Man Revolution\" in 2007. \"Calm Like A Bomb\" is notable as a display of guitarist Tom Morello's creative use of a whammy pedal. Like many of RATM's songs, the song's lyrics discuss social inequalities. The song also features a reference to Emiliano Zapata. Tim Commerford uses a combination of a home-made overdrive pedal and the Jim Dunlop 105Q Bass Wah pedal on his bass throughout the song. In \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's feature article on the new \"Guitar Heroes,\" a section was printed about Tom Morello, and Calm Like a Bomb was cited as the prime example of his skill and fame on the guitar. He has occasionally referred to the extremely high whammy-pedal effects used in songs such as this as \"pterodactyl sounds.\"", "Rise Up (Cypress Hill song) \"Rise Up\" is the second single from Cypress Hill's eighth studio album, \"Rise Up\". It features guitarist Tom Morello. The song is very similar in style to Tom Morello's recently reformed band Rage Against the Machine. Speaking in March 2010 to noted UK urban writer Pete Lewis - Deputy Editor of the award-winning Blues & Soul - Cypress Hill emcee B-Real explained how the song 'Rise Up' became the title track to its accompanying album: \"Sen Dog and myself had been working on the album for quite some time. And we got to a point where we were like 'Maybe we should call Tom Morello to see if he'd be interested in taking a listen to this album and perhaps contributing to it'... And so fortunately Tom - who's a friend of ours - listened, liked what he heard - and ended up giving us a great TRACK! And, though at the time we had a few possible album titles prepared that we liked, at that point none of them had actually STUCK. But then, once we recorded Tom's song and came up with the title for it - 'Rise Up' - we knew instantly that had to be the title for the whole RECORD! Because it basically summed up what we were DOING! Like we've been doing this for so long, and here we are now getting back up and trying to get this Cypress Hill movement on the roll again!\" The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It begins with a news cast describing a riot. When this news cast ends it shows Tom Morello his guitar. This is followed by a scene featuring a girl sitting down with a gas mask on watching several televisions.", "\" What evolved as \"German\" pedal technique in the late 18th and early 19th century promoted heel-and-toe pedaling, while the \"French\" style was predicated on \"toe only\" pedal technique. In the 17th and 18th century, pedalboards were rare in England. A critic for the \"New York Times\" in 1895 argued that this may explain why Handel's published organ works are generally lighter-sounding than those of J.S. Bach. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the pedal part of organ music was rarely given its own staff. Instead, the organ part would be put into two staves, which were mostly used for the upper and lower manual parts. When the composer wanted a part played with the pedal keyboard, they marked \"Pedal\", \"Ped.\", or simply \"P\". Often, composers omitted these signs, and player had to decide if the range of all the parts or the lowest part was appropriate for the pedal keyboard. This lack of specification is in keeping with many other aspects of Baroque musical performance practice, such as the use of improvised chords by organists and harpsichord players in the figured bass tradition and the use of improvised ornaments by solo singers and instrumentalists. In the late 1820s, the pedalboard was still fairly unfamiliar in the UK. In the organ at the Church of St James at Bermondsey in 1829, \"a finger [manual] keyboard was added for those unable to play with their feet. \" If an organist was performing a piece with a pedal part, \"an assistant was needed to play the bottom line of the finger keyboard, offset on the bass side of the console. \" In 1855 in England, Henry Willis patented a concave design for the pedalboard that also radiated the ends keyboard outward and used longer keys, bringing the end keys closer to the performer.", "Revelations (Audioslave song) \"Revelations\" is a song by American rock supergroup Audioslave. It was released in November 2006 as the second and final single from their third album \"Revelations\", and also the final single of their career. Musically, the song begins with a unique, dreamy, slightly flanged arpeggio that is unusual for Tom Morello. After a repeat of the arpeggio, the main riff of the song crashes in accompanied by drums and bass. Tom's solo once again invokes the toggle switch technique, with one handed tapping in the left hand that creates a hectic array of notes which seem to bounce off each other before entering the closing bridge of the solo, where Morello's DigiTech Whammy pedal is put into full force. The video premiered in November 2006. It simply shows the band playing the song with no added dramatics. The music video begins with various band members playing their instrument in front of a camera shoot. When the vocals begin, a split-screen of Chris Cornell and other band members begins. As each guitar riff or drum part kicks in, the player of that instrument gets their few seconds in front of the camera. During Tom Morello's guitar solo, the camera largely goes between him and drummer Brad Wilk, but still with a few shots of Cornell and bassist Tim Commerford. The video also clearly shows Morello playing a Gibson Les Paul that formerly had a Budweiser logo on it; Morello promptly burned the logo off in refusal for his guitar to be used as an object for advertising. During Cornell's vocal solo after Morello's guitar solo, the camera's tint turns to a blue color, before reverting to its original color for the final chorus.", "Street Sweeper Social Club Street Sweeper Social Club is an American rap rock supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in 2006. The band primarily consists of guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine and vocalist and emcee Boots Riley of The Coup. The band had been testing songs out during Tom Morello's Nightwatchman tour and released an album on June 16, 2009. Stanton Moore drummed for the group for the recording of the album although he did not join the band for the following tour. Street Sweeper Social Club opened for Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction in May 2009. Street Sweeper Social Club describes itself as \"more than a band, it's a social club. \" Their 2010 EP \"The Ghetto Blaster EP\" includes covers of M.I.A. \"Paper Planes\" and LL Cool J's \"Mama Said Knock You Out\". Morello and Riley first met during Billy Bragg's Tell Us the Truth Tour in 2003 where Morello often joined Riley on stage as his acoustic folk alter ego the Nightwatchman playing acoustic versions of The Coup's songs. After a Coup show in Los Angeles Morello approached Riley over a dinner with the idea of forming a band to play \"anthems for the revolution\". Morello gave Riley a cassette with instrumental demo songs asking Riley to listen to it, write something and then get back to him. On the 2008 Nightwatchman tour, Riley made frequent appearances on stage to play the song \"100 Little Curses\" with Morello, which later became the first single released off their debut album. After playing the song, Morello confirmed that an album was in the works and would be out in early 2009. In the Spring of 2009, Street Sweeper Social Club announced a summer tour of the United States with Nine Inch Nails and the recently reunited Jane's Addiction."], "answer": {"text": "and an Ibanez DFL Flanger.", "answer_start": 618}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Tom Morello's technique?", "answer": {"text": "Morello chooses various effects pedals. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a DigiTech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he learn this method?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he always use this technique?", "answer": {"text": "In the studio, Morello uses the same setup for the bulk of the guitar tracks.", "answer_start": 1090, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba01c3d1d29498498673614cf921513_1_q#4", "question": "What else did you find interesting about this section?", "rewrite": "Besides using an Ibanez DFL Flanger, what else did you find interesting about Tom Morello?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ibanez Edge The Ibanez Edge Tremolo is a double locking tremolo system for the electric guitar very similar in design to the original Floyd Rose. It first appeared in the Ibanez product line as of the 1986 model year; however, they have appeared on guitars with 1985 serial numbers. The Edge offers a number of improvements from the Original Floyd Rose, namely locking studs (for improved tuning stability, added in 1987-8), a spring retainer on the tremolo block (again, added in 1987-8) and a pop-in arm. A non-locking version, Edge II, appeared on the Vinnie Moore signature guitar in 1989. The guitar employed a low-friction nut and locking tuners. The Edge enjoyed massive success in the late Eighties and is still the tremolo of choice for players such as Steve Vai and Joe Satriani. Tom Morello has also been known to install these tremolos in his non-Ibanez guitars. In 2003, the patent for the Original Floyd Rose tremolo expired. This coincided with the release of a newly designed pair of Tremolos from Ibanez, the Edge Pro and the Edge Pro II. Ibanez mistakenly figured that all the Floyd Rose patents were available for use; however, the patent on the Low Profile design was still in effect. This prompted the Edge Pro II's replacement with Edge III which fits into the parameters of the original patent and is therefore not subject to a license fee. The Edge Pro and Edge Pro II differ from the original Edge, as they are able to accept strings with the ball-ends still attached, and have no locking studs.", "Promenade (Street Sweeper Social Club song) \"Promenade\" is the second single by rap rock supergroup Street Sweeper Social Club from their debut self-titled album. The version that was released as a single differs from that on the album, the original version on the album is 2:31 in length whereas the extended version is 3:40 in length. The extended version features a guitar solo by Tom Morello, the extended version is also on \"The Ghetto Blaster EP\", but is listed as the 'Guitar Fury remix'. Morello said that the song felt naked without the solo and so went back into the studio to remix it , Morello added that the single was released because of the positive reaction the song received at their live shows, as well as being a favorite of both Boots and Tom. Boots wanted the song to be \"an evil disco square-dance rap\". The song is regular part of the band's set in their performances, Morello also adds an introduction to the single in their live performances using the Ibanez Talman (Custom) which is very similar to the introduction used in the Rage Against the Machine's song \"Revolver\". Morello has also played part of the guitar solo with his teeth in live performances. The song is played in standard E-A-D-G-B-e and by alternating between the verse and the chorus. The chorus itself is played in octaves on the guitar, whereas the verse is described as \"an evil disco square-dance rap\".", "Street Sweeper Social Club Street Sweeper Social Club is an American rap rock supergroup, formed in Los Angeles, California in 2006. The band primarily consists of guitarist Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine and vocalist and emcee Boots Riley of The Coup. The band had been testing songs out during Tom Morello's Nightwatchman tour and released an album on June 16, 2009. Stanton Moore drummed for the group for the recording of the album although he did not join the band for the following tour. Street Sweeper Social Club opened for Nine Inch Nails and Jane's Addiction in May 2009. Street Sweeper Social Club describes itself as \"more than a band, it's a social club. \" Their 2010 EP \"The Ghetto Blaster EP\" includes covers of M.I.A. \"Paper Planes\" and LL Cool J's \"Mama Said Knock You Out\". Morello and Riley first met during Billy Bragg's Tell Us the Truth Tour in 2003 where Morello often joined Riley on stage as his acoustic folk alter ego the Nightwatchman playing acoustic versions of The Coup's songs. After a Coup show in Los Angeles Morello approached Riley over a dinner with the idea of forming a band to play \"anthems for the revolution\". Morello gave Riley a cassette with instrumental demo songs asking Riley to listen to it, write something and then get back to him. On the 2008 Nightwatchman tour, Riley made frequent appearances on stage to play the song \"100 Little Curses\" with Morello, which later became the first single released off their debut album. After playing the song, Morello confirmed that an album was in the works and would be out in early 2009. In the Spring of 2009, Street Sweeper Social Club announced a summer tour of the United States with Nine Inch Nails and the recently reunited Jane's Addiction.", "Rise Up (Cypress Hill song) \"Rise Up\" is the second single from Cypress Hill's eighth studio album, \"Rise Up\". It features guitarist Tom Morello. The song is very similar in style to Tom Morello's recently reformed band Rage Against the Machine. Speaking in March 2010 to noted UK urban writer Pete Lewis - Deputy Editor of the award-winning Blues & Soul - Cypress Hill emcee B-Real explained how the song 'Rise Up' became the title track to its accompanying album: \"Sen Dog and myself had been working on the album for quite some time. And we got to a point where we were like 'Maybe we should call Tom Morello to see if he'd be interested in taking a listen to this album and perhaps contributing to it'... And so fortunately Tom - who's a friend of ours - listened, liked what he heard - and ended up giving us a great TRACK! And, though at the time we had a few possible album titles prepared that we liked, at that point none of them had actually STUCK. But then, once we recorded Tom's song and came up with the title for it - 'Rise Up' - we knew instantly that had to be the title for the whole RECORD! Because it basically summed up what we were DOING! Like we've been doing this for so long, and here we are now getting back up and trying to get this Cypress Hill movement on the roll again!\" The music video was filmed in Los Angeles, California. It begins with a news cast describing a riot. When this news cast ends it shows Tom Morello his guitar. This is followed by a scene featuring a girl sitting down with a gas mask on watching several televisions.", "Morello is famed for his guitar style, which consists of heavy metal/punk hybrid riffs and hip hop-inspired sounds. A 1993 Melody Maker live review of a Rage Against The Machine gig, said \"Guitarist Tom Morello wears his guitar high up to wring every sound out of it. Falling bombs, police sirens, scratching - he can do them all.\" To produce his guitar sounds, Morello chooses various effects pedals. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a DigiTech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (set flat and just used to boost the volume during guitar solos or particular rocking moments), and an Ibanez DFL Flanger. Around the time of The Battle of Los Angeles he added a Boss TR-2 Tremolo pedal (which can be heard on \"Guerrilla Radio\"). For Audioslave, Morello replaced the Ibanez Flanger with an MXR Phase 90. His amplifier of choice has always been a 50-watt Marshall JCM 800 2205 and a Peavey 4x12 cabinet. While the Marshall amplifier has two channels, he only uses the overdrive channel, and simply lowers the volume on his guitar to get cleaner sounds. In the studio, Morello uses the same setup for the bulk of the guitar tracks. For The Battle of Los Angeles, he also used a few other amplifiers, such as a Line 6 as heard on the clean, spacey intro of \"Mic Check\", plus a Pignose mini-amplifier and a MusicMan \"Twin\" style amplifier. During the recording of Audioslave's last album, Revelations, Morello experimented with different amplifier setups."], "answer": {"text": "Morello's unique technique and talent led to him being voted the fifth greatest guitarist of the past 30 years in a 2010 BBC poll.", "answer_start": 358}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was special about Tom Morello's technique?", "answer": {"text": "Morello chooses various effects pedals. During his tenure in RATM, he used a Dunlop Cry Baby, a DigiTech WH-1 Whammy, a Boss DD-2 Digital Delay, a DOD EQ pedal (", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he learn this method?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he always use this technique?", "answer": {"text": "In the studio, Morello uses the same setup for the bulk of the guitar tracks.", "answer_start": 1090, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else does he use in practice?", "answer": {"text": "and an Ibanez DFL Flanger.", "answer_start": 618, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#0", "question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "rewrite": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification. There are also giant sculptures of eggs in various locations at Dali's house in Port Lligat as well as at the Dali Theatre and Museum in Figueres. Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear. Both Dali and his father enjoyed eating sea urchins, freshly caught in the sea near Cadaques. The radial symmetry of the sea urchin fascinated Dali, and he adapted its form to many art works. Other foods also appear throughout his work. Two of the most popular objects of the surrealist movement were Lobster Telephone and Mae West Lips Sofa, completed by Dali in 1936 and 1937, respectively.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes."], "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#1", "question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "rewrite": "What did Salvador Dali's melting watches symbolize?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs. Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification.", "In 1916, he also discovered modern painting on a summer vacation trip to Cadaques with the family of Ramon Pichot, a local artist who made regular trips to Paris. The next year, Dali's father organized an exhibition of his charcoal drawings in their family home. He had his first public exhibition at the Municipal Theatre in Figueres in 1919, a site he would return to decades later. In February 1921, Dali's mother died of breast cancer. Dali was 16 years old; he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her... I could not resign myself to the loss of a being on whom I counted to make invisible the unavoidable blemishes of my soul.\" After her death, Dali's father married his deceased wife's sister. Dali did not resent this marriage, because he had a great love and respect for his aunt. Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs.", "Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification. There are also giant sculptures of eggs in various locations at Dali's house in Port Lligat as well as at the Dali Theatre and Museum in Figueres. Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear. Both Dali and his father enjoyed eating sea urchins, freshly caught in the sea near Cadaques. The radial symmetry of the sea urchin fascinated Dali, and he adapted its form to many art works. Other foods also appear throughout his work. Two of the most popular objects of the surrealist movement were Lobster Telephone and Mae West Lips Sofa, completed by Dali in 1936 and 1937, respectively.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes."], "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#2", "question": "What paintings did he use melting watches in?", "rewrite": "What paintings did Salvador Dali use melting watches in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs. Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification.", "In 1916, he also discovered modern painting on a summer vacation trip to Cadaques with the family of Ramon Pichot, a local artist who made regular trips to Paris. The next year, Dali's father organized an exhibition of his charcoal drawings in their family home. He had his first public exhibition at the Municipal Theatre in Figueres in 1919, a site he would return to decades later. In February 1921, Dali's mother died of breast cancer. Dali was 16 years old; he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her... I could not resign myself to the loss of a being on whom I counted to make invisible the unavoidable blemishes of my soul.\" After her death, Dali's father married his deceased wife's sister. Dali did not resent this marriage, because he had a great love and respect for his aunt. Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes."], "answer": {"text": "The Persistence of Memory", "answer_start": 113}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#3", "question": "Were there other artworks with melting watches?", "rewrite": "Besides The Persistence of Memory, were there other Salvador Dali artworks with melting watches?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "In 1916, he also discovered modern painting on a summer vacation trip to Cadaques with the family of Ramon Pichot, a local artist who made regular trips to Paris. The next year, Dali's father organized an exhibition of his charcoal drawings in their family home. He had his first public exhibition at the Municipal Theatre in Figueres in 1919, a site he would return to decades later. In February 1921, Dali's mother died of breast cancer. Dali was 16 years old; he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her... I could not resign myself to the loss of a being on whom I counted to make invisible the unavoidable blemishes of my soul.\" After her death, Dali's father married his deceased wife's sister. Dali did not resent this marriage, because he had a great love and respect for his aunt. Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs.", "The Persistence of Memory The Persistence of Memory () is a 1931 painting by artist Salvador Dal\u00ed, and one of the most recognizable works of Surrealism. First shown at the Julien Levy Gallery in 1932, since 1934 the painting has been in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, which received it from an anonymous donor. It is widely recognized and frequently referenced in popular culture, and sometimes referred to by more descriptive (though incorrect) titles, such as \"Melting Clocks\", \"The Soft Watches\" or \"The Melting Watches\". The well-known surrealist piece introduced the image of the soft melting pocket watch. It epitomizes Dal\u00ed's theory of \"softness\" and \"hardness\", which was central to his thinking at the time. As Dawn Ad\u00e8s wrote, \"The soft watches are an unconscious symbol of the relativity of space and time, a Surrealist meditation on the collapse of our notions of a fixed cosmic order\". This interpretation suggests that Dal\u00ed was incorporating an understanding of the world introduced by Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity. Asked by Ilya Prigogine whether this was in fact the case, Dal\u00ed replied that the soft watches were not inspired by the theory of relativity, but by the surrealist perception of a Camembert melting in the sun. It is possible to recognize a human figure in the middle of the composition, in the strange \"monster\" (with a lot of texture near its face, and lots of contrast and tone in the picture) that Dal\u00ed used in several contemporary pieces to represent himself \u2013 the abstract form becoming something of a self-portrait, reappearing frequently in his work. The figure can be read as a \"fading\" creature, one that often appears in dreams where the dreamer cannot pinpoint the creature's exact form and composition.", "American Theatre Critics Association The American Theatre Critics Association (ATCA) is the only nationwide professional association of theatre critics in the United States. The ATCA membership consists of theatre critics who write reviews and critiques of live theatre for print, broadcast, and digital media. The organization is best known for its annual Steinberg/ATCA New play Award recognizing work developed and premiered in regional theaters. It also makes the recommendation for the Regional Theatre Tony Award. ATCA is an affiliate organization of the International Association of Theatre Critics. The current chair of ATCA's Executive Committee is Bill Hirschman of floridatheateronstage.com. ATCA was founded on August 3, 1974, at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center in Waterford, Connecticut. The organization was created to provide a professional home for theatre critics outside of the New York City metropolitan area, who were not eligible for membership in the New York Drama Critics' Circle. Then-Critics' Circle president Henry Hewes organized the meeting, which 26 critics attended. As of July 2016 ATCA had over 225 members. ATCA administers several awards as part of its mission to strengthen American theatre nationwide. Three of these are awards for administered solely by ATCA, while two are awards for other theatre artists that are administered in conjunction with other organizations. The most prominent prize that ATCA has a role in is the Regional Theatre Tony Award. Each year ATCA members confidentially vote for this Tony Award, and the organization's choice is presented to the Tony Award committee. ATCA's vote is solely advisory: the Tony Awards committee makes the decision of which company to give the award to. However, to date (2014), ATCA's recommendation has been accepted every year, even in 1987, with the then-controversial San Francisco Mime Troupe. The first theatre company to win the award was Arena Stage in 1976.", "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs. Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification."], "answer": {"text": "The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.", "answer_start": 202}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What paintings did he use melting watches in?", "answer": {"text": "The Persistence of Memory", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#4", "question": "What were other major symbols in his artwork?", "rewrite": "Besides melting watches, what were other major symbols in Salvador Dali's artwork?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "In 1916, he also discovered modern painting on a summer vacation trip to Cadaques with the family of Ramon Pichot, a local artist who made regular trips to Paris. The next year, Dali's father organized an exhibition of his charcoal drawings in their family home. He had his first public exhibition at the Municipal Theatre in Figueres in 1919, a site he would return to decades later. In February 1921, Dali's mother died of breast cancer. Dali was 16 years old; he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her... I could not resign myself to the loss of a being on whom I counted to make invisible the unavoidable blemishes of my soul.\" After her death, Dali's father married his deceased wife's sister. Dali did not resent this marriage, because he had a great love and respect for his aunt. Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs. Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification."], "answer": {"text": "The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works.", "answer_start": 350}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What paintings did he use melting watches in?", "answer": {"text": "The Persistence of Memory", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other artworks with melting watches?", "answer": {"text": "The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#5", "question": "What artwork incorporates elephants?", "rewrite": "What aSalvador Dali rtwork incorporates elephants?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dali Town Dali Town () is a township-level division in Dali City, in the northwest of Yunnan province, China. The town contains the historic centre of the county-level city of Dali and is also commonly known as Dali Old Town (). The modern centre of Dali City, however, is 10 km south of the old town at Xiaguan. Being the county seat of Dali City, Xiaguan is often labelled as Dali on maps and is sometimes referred to as Dali New Town () to distinguish it from Dali Town. The old town has become well-known as a tourist site in part thanks to its picturesque location and historic Bai architecture. Dali has long been a regional centre of commerce, being located at a crossroads of trade routes between Tibet, China, Burma, and Southeast Asia. The Bai people first settled the region 3000 years ago. Dali first emerged as the capital of the Nanzhao Kingdom in the 8th century. Later, the town served as the capital of the Kingdom of Dali until its conquest by the Yuan conquest of the area. The old town of Dali has been preserved in a 1.5 by 1.5 km wide townsite surrounded by its ancient walls. Due to its relatively well-preserved architecture, the town has developed as a major tourist attraction in recent decades. Major sites of interest include the Three Pagodas, Dali Museum, the ancient city gates, an artificial town built as the set for \"Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils\", and the Cang Mountain Range to the west. Dali Town is located in a depression at the southern end of the Yun Mountains, part of the greater Hengduan Mountains at the southeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau. This depression, an extension of the Red River Fault, is filled by Erhai, a lake that is part of the Mekong River basin.", "Distributed scaffolding Distributed scaffolding is a concept developed by Puntambekar and Kolodner (1998) that describes an ongoing system of student support through multiple tools, activities, technologies and environments that increase student learning and performance. Originally introduced by Wood, Bruner, and Ross (1976), the learning tool of scaffolding is rooted in individualized support and tutoring. Through scaffolded or tutored instruction, a teacher was able to guide the student through a complex set of building block tasks in order to achieve a final pyramid product that the child may not have been able to complete without this active support. The term was conceptualized presuming instruction by an adult expert with a single student, however, the reality of classrooms with 20 or more students do not necessarily lend themselves to this specific structure. With many students and multiple different levels of skill or Zones of Proximal Development (defined below), there is a need to create many support structures that can properly address each student\u2019s developmental level (Tabak, 2004; Puntambekar and H\u00fcbscher, 2005). Similar to the term instructional scaffolding, distributed scaffolding addresses the need to provide multiple types, sources, methods, and amounts of supports to help increase a student\u2019s ability to perform a skill. This instructional tool is rooted in Vygotsky\u2019s socioconstructivist model of the Zone of Proximal Development(ZPD) which states that the ZPD is: Scaffolding is not solely support or help and a support can be designated as scaffolding only when the support is adapted to changing ability and this support is temporary.", "Lake Camelot, Illinois Lake Camelot is a census-designated place in Peoria County, Illinois, United States. Its population was 1,686 as of the 2010 census. Lake Camelot was developed in 1969 and consists of 640 acres. There are now approximately 618 homes. There are two lakes, Lake Camelot and Lake Lancelot, which are stocked with a variety of fish and have boat ramps and docks available. The clubhouse complex comprises three pools and a beach that are open from Memorial Day to Labor Day each year to members and their guests.", "\u201cThe Metaphor of Scaffolding: Its Utility for the Field of Learning Disabilities.\u201d \"Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31\"(4), 370-373.  Palinscar, A.S., & Brown, A.L. (1984). Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. \"Cognition and Instruction, 1\"(2), 117-175.  Puntambekar, S., & Kolodner, J.L. (1998). Distributed scaffolding: Helping students learning by design. In A. S. Bruckman, M. Guzdial, J. L. Kolodner, & A. Ram (Eds.), \"Proceedings of the Third International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS\u201998)\"(pp. 35\u201341). Atlanta, GA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. Puntambekar, S., & H\u00fcbscher, R. (2005). Tools for scaffolding students in complex learning environment: What have we gained and what have we missed? \"Educational Psychologist, 40\"(1), 1-12.  Puntambekar, S., & Kolodner, J.L. (2005). Toward implementing distributed scaffolding: Helping students learn science from design. \"Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42\"(2), 185-217. Rogoff, B. (1990). \"Apprenticeship in thinking: Cognitive development in social context.\" Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.  Tabak, I. (2004). A complement to emerging patterns of distributed scaffolding. \" The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13\"(3), 305-335. Tabak, I., & Kyza, E.A. (2018).", "Dali City  Dali City, formerly known as Tali, is the county-level seat of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan. Dali City is administered through 12 township-level districts, two of which are also commonly referred to as Dali. Xiaguan () is the modern city centre and usually conflated with Dali City by virtue of being its seat. This town is the destination of most long-distance transportation heading to Dali and is sometimes referred to as Dali New Town () to avoid confusion. Dali Town () is another division of Dali City, located to the north of Xiaguan. This town, commonly referred to as Dali Old Town () to distinguish it from the city seat in Xiaguan, is usually the Dali referred to in tourist publications. The old town is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Yunnan, known for its natural scenery, historical and cultural heritage, and vibrant nightlife. The Dali area was formerly known as Xiemie (, \"Xi\u00e9mi\u0113\"). The old town was the medieval capital of both the Bai kingdom Nanzhao ( and 9th centuries) and the Kingdom of Dali (937\u20131253). That city was razed and its records burnt during its conquest by China's Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. The present old town was organized in the late 14th century under the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The area became significantly Muslim (Hui) under the Yuan and Ming and was the center of the Panthay Rebellion against the Qing from 1856\u20131863. It was severely damaged during a massive earthquake in 1925. Rail and then air transport have permitted the area (particularly Dali Old Town) to become accessible to tourists in the 20th century. It is now one of China's official tourist cities and, along with nearby Lijiang, one of the most popular towns."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What paintings did he use melting watches in?", "answer": {"text": "The Persistence of Memory", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other artworks with melting watches?", "answer": {"text": "The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were other major symbols in his artwork?", "answer": {"text": "The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works.", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides symbolism, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ex parte Curtis Ex parte Curtis, 106 U.S. 371 (1882), is an 8-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court that the Act of August 15, 1876 was a constitutional exercise of the enumerated powers of the United States Congress under of the United States Constitution. The petitioner had been convicted of receiving money for political purposes in violation of the Act. The petitioner asked the Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote the opinion for the majority. The constitutional grounds under which the petitioner challenged the Act were not discussed by the Court. Waite noted that Congress had a lengthy history of passing laws restricting the rights and privileges of civil servants, and the constitutionality of such laws had never before been challenged. Next, Waite affirmed that Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution clearly gave Congress the power to determine for itself what was proper in the realm of reining in political corruption: Waite refused to pass judgment on the validity of the writ of habeas corpus, concluding that the Supreme Court's \"jurisdiction is limited to the single question of the power of the court to commit the prisoner for the act of which he has been convicted.\" Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley dissented. He concluded that the Act impermissibly infringed on First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of association: Justice Bradley also concluded that the Act was overbroad and that the same positive ends (ending political corruption) could have been achieved by alternative, narrower means. One of the interesting aspects of the majority's decision is that it believed Congress prohibited not civil servants from making political donations on their own but making such donations through their supervisors. Justice Bradley dissented, in part, by arguing that the law banned even voluntary contributions made through superiors (a ban that he felt was unconstitutional).", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Tessitura (software) Tessitura is an enterprise application used by performing arts and cultural organisations to manage their activities in ticketing, fundraising, customer relationship management, and marketing. It refers to itself as \"arts enterprise software\". Tessitura was originally developed by and for the Metropolitan Opera of New York. One of the most interesting aspects of the Tessitura system, which distinguishes it from most other commercial software, is the business model chosen by the Metropolitan Opera in order to commercialize what was originally custom software. The Metropolitan Opera maintains ownership of the intellectual property in the original software, but established a separate organization called Tessitura Network (as a not-for-profit corporation with 501(c)3 status under United States tax law) to manage the ongoing development and support of the system. The Tessitura Network now licenses users, handles management, maintenance and development of the system, and fosters an active exchange of best practices and knowledge sharing within the nonprofit arts and cultural sector. The Tessitura Network is effectively a cooperative enterprise, governed via a Board elected by and from, and representative of, the licensees of the system. This business model has an obvious resonance with the not-for-profit and self-governing ethos of the arts community, and is one reason for the dominance Tessitura has rapidly achieved in the (deliberately restricted) market in which it operates\u2013English-speaking, not-for-profit, arts organizations with a need for ticketing and fundraising systems. This model has resulted in several interesting characteristics for Tessitura Network as a software company. The Tessitura system is designed to be flexible, customizable, and open, and therefore has a good capacity to be tailored for each organization. Functional areas include ticketing, fundraising, constituent relationship management, Web API, and marketing tools. James Museum of Western and Wildlife Art"], "answer": {"text": "The egg is another common Daliesque image.", "answer_start": 1307}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What paintings did he use melting watches in?", "answer": {"text": "The Persistence of Memory", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other artworks with melting watches?", "answer": {"text": "The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were other major symbols in his artwork?", "answer": {"text": "The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works.", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What artwork incorporates elephants?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#7", "question": "What does the egg symbolize?", "rewrite": "What does the egg symbolize to Savador Dali?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aquibacillus albus Aquibacillus albus is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of \"Aquibacillus\" which has been isolated from the Lop Nur lake from Xinjiang in China.", "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs. Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification.", "Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification. There are also giant sculptures of eggs in various locations at Dali's house in Port Lligat as well as at the Dali Theatre and Museum in Figueres. Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear. Both Dali and his father enjoyed eating sea urchins, freshly caught in the sea near Cadaques. The radial symmetry of the sea urchin fascinated Dali, and he adapted its form to many art works. Other foods also appear throughout his work. Two of the most popular objects of the surrealist movement were Lobster Telephone and Mae West Lips Sofa, completed by Dali in 1936 and 1937, respectively.", "Dali Town Dali Town () is a township-level division in Dali City, in the northwest of Yunnan province, China. The town contains the historic centre of the county-level city of Dali and is also commonly known as Dali Old Town (). The modern centre of Dali City, however, is 10 km south of the old town at Xiaguan. Being the county seat of Dali City, Xiaguan is often labelled as Dali on maps and is sometimes referred to as Dali New Town () to distinguish it from Dali Town. The old town has become well-known as a tourist site in part thanks to its picturesque location and historic Bai architecture. Dali has long been a regional centre of commerce, being located at a crossroads of trade routes between Tibet, China, Burma, and Southeast Asia. The Bai people first settled the region 3000 years ago. Dali first emerged as the capital of the Nanzhao Kingdom in the 8th century. Later, the town served as the capital of the Kingdom of Dali until its conquest by the Yuan conquest of the area. The old town of Dali has been preserved in a 1.5 by 1.5 km wide townsite surrounded by its ancient walls. Due to its relatively well-preserved architecture, the town has developed as a major tourist attraction in recent decades. Major sites of interest include the Three Pagodas, Dali Museum, the ancient city gates, an artificial town built as the set for \"Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils\", and the Cang Mountain Range to the west. Dali Town is located in a depression at the southern end of the Yun Mountains, part of the greater Hengduan Mountains at the southeast edge of the Tibetan Plateau. This depression, an extension of the Red River Fault, is filled by Erhai, a lake that is part of the Mekong River basin.", "Dali City  Dali City, formerly known as Tali, is the county-level seat of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan. Dali City is administered through 12 township-level districts, two of which are also commonly referred to as Dali. Xiaguan () is the modern city centre and usually conflated with Dali City by virtue of being its seat. This town is the destination of most long-distance transportation heading to Dali and is sometimes referred to as Dali New Town () to avoid confusion. Dali Town () is another division of Dali City, located to the north of Xiaguan. This town, commonly referred to as Dali Old Town () to distinguish it from the city seat in Xiaguan, is usually the Dali referred to in tourist publications. The old town is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Yunnan, known for its natural scenery, historical and cultural heritage, and vibrant nightlife. The Dali area was formerly known as Xiemie (, \"Xi\u00e9mi\u0113\"). The old town was the medieval capital of both the Bai kingdom Nanzhao ( and 9th centuries) and the Kingdom of Dali (937\u20131253). That city was razed and its records burnt during its conquest by China's Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. The present old town was organized in the late 14th century under the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The area became significantly Muslim (Hui) under the Yuan and Ming and was the center of the Panthay Rebellion against the Qing from 1856\u20131863. It was severely damaged during a massive earthquake in 1925. Rail and then air transport have permitted the area (particularly Dali Old Town) to become accessible to tourists in the 20th century. It is now one of China's official tourist cities and, along with nearby Lijiang, one of the most popular towns."], "answer": {"text": "He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love;", "answer_start": 1350}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What paintings did he use melting watches in?", "answer": {"text": "The Persistence of Memory", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other artworks with melting watches?", "answer": {"text": "The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were other major symbols in his artwork?", "answer": {"text": "The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works.", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What artwork incorporates elephants?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The egg is another common Daliesque image.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bd8fa08f47b24d3c8808af7c183b2b63_0_q#8", "question": "What does the elephant symbolize?", "rewrite": "What does the elephant symbolize to Salvador Dali?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\" that first appear in The Persistence of Memory suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed. The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day. The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works. It appeared in his 1944 work Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening. The elephants, inspired by Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture base in Rome of an elephant carrying an ancient obelisk, are portrayed \"with long, multijointed, almost invisible legs of desire\" along with obelisks on their backs. Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Coupled with the image of their brittle legs, these encumbrances, noted for their phallic overtones, create a sense of phantom reality. \"The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"I am painting pictures which make me die for joy, I am creating with an absolute naturalness, without the slightest aesthetic concern, I am making things that inspire me with a profound emotion and I am trying to paint them honestly.\" --Salvador Dali, in Dawn Ades, Dali and Surrealism. The egg is another common Daliesque image. He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love; it appears in The Great Masturbator and The Metamorphosis of Narcissus. The Metamorphosis of Narcissus also symbolized death and petrification. There are also giant sculptures of eggs in various locations at Dali's house in Port Lligat as well as at the Dali Theatre and Museum in Figueres. Various other animals appear throughout his work as well: ants point to death, decay, and immense sexual desire; the snail is connected to the human head (he saw a snail on a bicycle outside Freud's house when he first met Sigmund Freud); and locusts are a symbol of waste and fear. Both Dali and his father enjoyed eating sea urchins, freshly caught in the sea near Cadaques. The radial symmetry of the sea urchin fascinated Dali, and he adapted its form to many art works. Other foods also appear throughout his work. Two of the most popular objects of the surrealist movement were Lobster Telephone and Mae West Lips Sofa, completed by Dali in 1936 and 1937, respectively.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes."], "answer": {"text": "The elephant is a distortion in space\", one analysis explains, \"its spindly legs contrasting the idea of weightlessness with structure.\" \"", "answer_start": 882}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Salvador Dali a symbol?", "answer": {"text": "Dali employed extensive symbolism in his work. For instance, the hallmark \"melting watches\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did melting watches symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "suggest Einstein's theory that time is relative and not fixed.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What paintings did he use melting watches in?", "answer": {"text": "The Persistence of Memory", "answer_start": 113, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other artworks with melting watches?", "answer": {"text": "The idea for clocks functioning symbolically in this way came to Dali when he was staring at a runny piece of Camembert cheese on a hot August day.", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were other major symbols in his artwork?", "answer": {"text": "The elephant is also a recurring image in Dali's works.", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What artwork incorporates elephants?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The egg is another common Daliesque image.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the egg symbolize?", "answer": {"text": "He connects the egg to the prenatal and intrauterine, thus using it to symbolize hope and love;", "answer_start": 1350, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519cf509f7cd4b98b0f251f08fdce115_0_q#0", "question": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "rewrite": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["10th Annual Honda Civic Tour The 10th Annual Honda Civic Tour was a concert tour co-headlined by American pop punk trio Blink-182 and American rock band My Chemical Romance (in what turned out to be their final tour). Joined by supporting acts Matt & Kim, Manchester Orchestra, and Rancid, the tour began from August 5, 2011 and ran until October 8. Sponsored by the Honda Motor Company, the 2011 tour will mark the 10th anniversary of the concert tour, which Blink-182 headlined in its first incarnation. The tour was announced on May 23, 2011. Both bands had gathered at the Rainbow Bar and Grill in West Hollywood to announce to the tour. Members of the official blink-182 and My Chemical Romance fan clubs had the first chance at tickets to all shows, in an exclusive pre-sale that began on June 6. On June 8, anyone who \"liked\" the Honda Civic Tour's Facebook page will gain access to tickets. All remaining tickets will go on sale to the general public on June 10 via Ticketmaster.com and LiveNation.com. The announcement of the tour angered European blink-182 fans, whose previously announced European tour was cancelled just one month before. As was tradition with the concert tour, blink-182 was chosen to customize a Honda Civic to commemorate their long collaboration with the tour. Singer-bassist Mark Hoppus, whose first car was a Honda Civic, stated Max Gramajo, who had previously been involved in album artwork and T-shirt designs, co-designed the vehicle. The car featured Koenig rims, Toyo tires, a matte-finish paint job and the blink-182 signature logo, the bunny rabbit (blink-182's mascot) and was handed away during the tour to a fan.", "First Date ( Blink-182 song) \"First Date\" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182 for their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\" (2001). It was released as the second single from the album on October 8, 2001. The track was composed primarily by guitarist Tom DeLonge based on memories of his first date with spouse Jennifer Jenkins. The song's creation stems from Blink-182 manager Rick DeVoe's opinion that the album lacked a catchy, \"feel-good\" song. DeLonge composed \"First Date\" in response, while bassist Mark Hoppus composed the album's lead single \"The Rock Show\". The song peaked at number six on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song's music video depicts the trio as hippies in the 1970s, parading around the suburbs in a Volkswagen van and visiting a water park. In promotion of the single, Blink-182 performed the song live on late-night talk show \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". Prior to recording their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\", Blink-182 recorded demos at DML Studios, a small practice studio in Escondido, California, where the band had written \"Dude Ranch\" and \"Enema of the State\". The group had written a dozen songs after three weeks and invited their manager, Rick DeVoe, to be the first person outside Blink-182 to hear the new material, which the band found \"catchy [but with] a definitive edge\". DeVoe sat in the control room and quietly listened to the recordings, and pressed the band at the end on why there was no \"Blink-182 good-time summer anthem [thing]\". DeLonge and Hoppus were furious, remarking, \" You want a fucking single?", "When Your Heart Stops Beating When Your Heart Stops Beating is the only album by the American rock band +44, released on November 14, 2006, by Interscope Records. Mark Hoppus and Travis Barker of Blink-182 formed +44 as an experimental electronic outfit following the breakup of Blink-182. The project started in early 2005, and was later joined by lead guitarist Shane Gallagher and rhythm guitarist Craig Fairbaugh. Recording began in earnest shortly after the band purchased the Los Angeles-based studio Opra Music. The electronic demos evolved into more rock-based, full band compositions over the course of the recording process in 2006. Jerry Finn, who had worked extensively with Blink-182, came into the studio late in the production process to oversee completion of the album. Its dark lyrical content primarily reflects the demise of Blink-182, although it is stylistically upbeat and inspired by bands such as the Postal Service and the Cure. Although anticipated by music press, \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\" undersold commercial expectations and received mixed reviews from critics. The album's title track was released as its lead single and peaked at number 14 on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. +44 embarked on a worldwide touring schedule to support the album, and played the 2007 Honda Civic Tour alongside headliner Fall Out Boy. With the 2009 reunion of Blink-182, \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\" stands as +44's only album to date. By 2004, Blink-182, consisting of bassist Mark Hoppus, guitarist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Travis Barker, had achieved significant commercial success in the mainstream. The band had taken a brief break in late 2001 when DeLonge suffered a herniated disc in his back, during which time he collected several darker musical ideas he felt unsuitable for Blink-182, compiling them into a record, \"Box Car Racer\".", "Blink-182 and Lil Wayne Tour The Blink-182 and Lil Wayne Tour was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock band Blink-182 and American rapper Lil Wayne. The tour was in support of the group's eighth studio album, \"Nine\", as well as Wayne's previously released twelfth studio album, \"Tha Carter V\" (2018). The tour began on June 29 in Hartford, Connecticut and concluded on September 16, 2019 in Cincinnati, Ohio. One date coincided with Blink-182's appearance on the Vans Warped Tour 25th anniversary reunion show, as well as at 2019's Riot Fest. Welsh punk group Neck Deep was the opening act on the tour. To promote and announce the tour, Blink-182 and Lil Wayne released live and studio mashups of their songs \"What's My Age Again?\" and \"A Milli\". One month after first publicizing the tour, Blink-182 also announced they would perform their 1999 album \"Enema of the State\" in full at all shows, in addition to their hit singles and new music. This set list is from the concert on June 29, 2019 in Hartford. It is not intended to represent all shows from the tour Ticket sales to the tour were low. Three weeks prior to the opening date of the tour, \"Rolling Stone\" contributor Andy Greene observed that \"A quick glance at Ticketmaster shows oceans of unsold tickets at many shows with seats even in the back of the pavilion going for over $100 in certain markets.\" As \"ticket sales flagged,\" Live Nation rebranded the tour as a twentieth anniversary celebration of \"Enema of the State\", Blink's seminal 1999 album.", "List of awards and nominations received by Blink-182 American rock band Blink-182 has received 18 awards from 29 nominations. They are the recipients of six San Diego Music Awards, three Teen Choice Awards, two Kerrang! Awards, and two MTV Europe Music Awards. The Kerrang! Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1993 by Kerrang!. Blink-182 has received two awards. The Libby Awards is an annual awards ceremony organized by PETA's youth arm peta2. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Blink-182 has received two awards. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. Blink-182 has received one award from four nominations. The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards is an annual awards show organized by Nickelodeon. Blink-182 has received one award. The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company. Blink-182 has received three awards."], "answer": {"text": "Hoppus and Barker decided to continue on without DeLonge, and enlisted Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba to \"fill in\" for three shows in March 2015.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_519cf509f7cd4b98b0f251f08fdce115_0_q#1", "question": "what happened to DeLonge?", "rewrite": "what happened to DeLonge in 2015?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Modlife handles the official websites and fan clubs for a range of artists, including the White Stripes, Pearl Jam, and Kanye West. In 2011, DeLonge launched Strange Times, a website devoted to extraterrestrial life, paranormal activity, cryptozoology, and conspiracy theories. All of DeLonge's business entities exist under the RLP moniker, with the exception of Atticus Clothing, which was sold in 2005. DeLonge approached filmmaking when he directed the music video for the song \"This Photograph is Proof (I Know You Know)\" by Taking Back Sunday in 2004. He was fascinated by the medium, calling the process \"so artistically satisfying\", and he has since worked in film on Angels & Airwaves-related projects. In 2014, he co-directed the animated short film \"\". In June 2012, DeLonge was working on two films: a feature-length \"Poet\" film and a film based on \"Strange Times\". In December 2013, DeLonge released a children's book, \"The Lonely Astronaut on Christmas Eve\". The plot of the book is described by Alternative Press as a \"rocketeer spending a cold Christmas alone on the moon who is visited by extraterrestrial life\". DeLonge participated in a charity auction benefiting Rady Children's Hospital Foundation allowing fans to bid on a package including the book. In March 2015, DeLonge announced he was co-writing 15 novels with \"best selling authors\" that would be released with soundtrack EPs. The Magnetic Press published DeLonge's first comic book series in April 2015. The three issue comic book series titled \"Poet Anderson: The Dream Walker\" was based on his award-winning short film with the same name.", "Sekret Machines: Book 1 \u2013 Chasing Shadows Sekret Machines: Book 1 \u2013 Chasing Shadows is a science-fiction thriller novel based on actual events created by Tom DeLonge, American guitarist of Blink-182 and Angels & Airwaves, and British-American novelist A. J. Hartley. The first edition was released on April 5, 2016 through DeLonge's To the Stars company. \" Chasing Shadows\" is the first book in the \"Sekret Machines\" series of both fiction and non-fiction books. The 2017 paperback second edition includes a new foreword written by Jim Semivan, former member of the CIA's National Clandestine Service. Guitarist Tom DeLonge of the punk band Blink-182 spent his youth fascinated by aliens and UFOs, reading books on various related subjects in his freetime and even wrote the song \"Aliens Exist\" featured on Blink-182's 1999 breakout album, \"Enema of the State\". Among other reasons, DeLonge departed his band in 2015 to research UFOs, a move that had some music critics questioning his mental health and calling him \"batshit insane\". Following his departure, DeLonge connected with multiple \"high-ranking military officials and scientific elites\" for more than a year to learn about their stories and collaborate with them on a series of novels. He specifically sought out high-ranking officials to distance the project other projects with lesser credibility, such as Disclosure Project. He was motivated to write the book series to highlight the possible threat to national and global security posed by alien visitors. Co-author A. J. Hartley was also fascinated by UFOs in his youth, but remains skeptical about some of DeLonge's conspiracy theories. Hartley admires DeLonge's objectivity in his research, saying, \"[DeLonge] is a guy who is trying to put together what happened.", "This isn't just a band, it's a little bit of a moving target and a much bigger project.\". On January 28, 2015, the music video for \"Tunnels\" was released, featuring footage from DeLonge's animated film, \"\". The video also features David Kennedy and Eddie Breckenridge playing alongside DeLonge and Rubin. There came news that video was finished in July 2014, but was released later, bringing to speculation whether Kennedy and Breckenridge are still in the band. After his departure from blink-182 in January 2015, Tom Delonge said in interview in March, that he expected to release four albums in 2015 \u2013 two Angels & Airwaves albums and two solo albums \u2013 three of which would include a companion novel. On September 4, 2015, the band released the EP \"... Of Nightmares\", as the first of the promised albums by Delonge, which was followed by a graphic novel of the same name, written by DeLonge and Suzanne Young in October. However, by the end of the year, this (along with DeLonge's solo album \"To the Stars... Demos, Odds and Ends\") ended up being the only album released. The band released the EP \"Chasing Shadows\" on April 5, 2016, accompanied by the novel of the same name, written by DeLonge and A. J. Hartley. On May 4, 2016, the band released a 26-track album of demos from \"The Dream Walker\" sessions on To the Stars website. In February 2017, DeLonge announced that he would be directing a film, \"Strange Times\", which would be based on his graphic novel series of the same name. The movie was set to feature new Angels & Airwaves songs, while the next album would serve as the soundtrack.", "The Tom DeLonge Signature starts with Gibson's classic semi-hollow body design and then extends it into punk rock with an overwound 'Dirty Fingers' humbucking pickup. Its thick, distorted tone is the Delonge's signature guitar tone and widely recognized as the quintessential Blink sound. Panic! at the Disco's Brendon Urie and Ryan Ross both cited DeLonge as one of their major influences. Urie said that DeLonge influenced his singing, remarking that \"He has a voice that no-one else has [...] He's one of my bigger influences. He always writes amazing melodies and songs.\" Ross said: \"I wanted to learn how to play [the guitar] like Tom DeLonge.\" DeLonge was unsure if the band's status in the music industry would grow or last, and he expanded into business beginning in 1998. He started a holding group, Really Likable People (RLP), with a US$20,000 investment. Following this, he co-founded Loserkids.com, a website specializing in youth-branded apparel. In 2001, DeLonge and Hoppus, together with childhood friend Dylan Anderson, established the clothing brand, Atticus Clothing. The following year, DeLonge founded Macbeth Footwear, a rock and roll-inspired shoe company. The technology and design firm Modlife was founded by DeLonge in 2007, around the time that Blink-182 decided to part ways. DeLonge explained in 2014 that he was pondering a \"plan B\", whereby musical acts could monetize other aspects of their creative portfolio\u2014posters, books, VIP tickets, limited-edition releases\u2014given the challenges of contracts offered by major music companies and the emergence of file-sharing.", "DeLonge reunited with Blink-182 in 2009, releasing new music and touring frequently, before parting ways with the band again in 2015. In addition to his musical career, DeLonge also manages business ventures that he founded: Macbeth Footwear, and technology and design firm Modlife. He helped score and produce the 2011 science fiction film \"Love\", and has multiple film projects in development. He released a children's book, \"The Lonely Astronaut on Christmas Eve\", in 2013. DeLonge was born in Poway, California. His father was an oil company executive and his mother a mortgage broker. His first musical instrument was a trumpet, which he received as a Christmas gift at age 11. Despite his early interest in music, becoming a musician was not his first calling. DeLonge originally planned to become a firefighter, and participated in the San Diego Cadet Program. He first picked up the guitar from a friend at church camp, and became preoccupied by the instrument. DeLonge received his first guitar as a Christmas present from two friends in the sixth grade \u2013 \"a beat-up, shitty acoustic guitar that was worth about $30.\" He gathered his brother, Shon, and sister, Kari, as an audience for his original songs. In the seventh grade, DeLonge visited a friend in Oregon who introduced him to the music of Stiff Little Fingers, Dinosaur Jr. and the Descendents. He dyed his hair purple, and consequently began practicing the guitar loudly in his room. DeLonge attempted to form a band named Big Oily Men, which was essentially a one-man band: the band's lineup consisted of whoever he could persuade to join him for short periods. DeLonge first began skateboarding in the third grade, which would consume much his activity outside of school. \"I lived, ate, and breathed skateboarding."], "answer": {"text": "After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba joined Blink-182 as an official member and began preparations for new music.", "answer_start": 300}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "answer": {"text": "Hoppus and Barker decided to continue on without DeLonge, and enlisted Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba to \"fill in\" for three shows in March 2015.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519cf509f7cd4b98b0f251f08fdce115_0_q#2", "question": "what were the legal battles?", "rewrite": "what were the legal battles with DeLonge?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This isn't just a band, it's a little bit of a moving target and a much bigger project.\". On January 28, 2015, the music video for \"Tunnels\" was released, featuring footage from DeLonge's animated film, \"\". The video also features David Kennedy and Eddie Breckenridge playing alongside DeLonge and Rubin. There came news that video was finished in July 2014, but was released later, bringing to speculation whether Kennedy and Breckenridge are still in the band. After his departure from blink-182 in January 2015, Tom Delonge said in interview in March, that he expected to release four albums in 2015 \u2013 two Angels & Airwaves albums and two solo albums \u2013 three of which would include a companion novel. On September 4, 2015, the band released the EP \"... Of Nightmares\", as the first of the promised albums by Delonge, which was followed by a graphic novel of the same name, written by DeLonge and Suzanne Young in October. However, by the end of the year, this (along with DeLonge's solo album \"To the Stars... Demos, Odds and Ends\") ended up being the only album released. The band released the EP \"Chasing Shadows\" on April 5, 2016, accompanied by the novel of the same name, written by DeLonge and A. J. Hartley. On May 4, 2016, the band released a 26-track album of demos from \"The Dream Walker\" sessions on To the Stars website. In February 2017, DeLonge announced that he would be directing a film, \"Strange Times\", which would be based on his graphic novel series of the same name. The movie was set to feature new Angels & Airwaves songs, while the next album would serve as the soundtrack.", "He also claimed that he quit the band more than once prior to the group's separation. DeLonge countered these accusations by arguing that he was being forced to drop his other projects, calling their actions \"defensive and divisive.\" As he continued to pursue said projects\u2014including a solo album composed of purported Blink-182 demos, \"To the Stars... Demos, Odds and Ends\"\u2014he related to the press that he was \"totally willing and interested in playing with those guys again.\" Meanwhile, Blink-182 performed two club shows and a slot at the Musink Tattoo Convention & Music Festival in March 2015 with Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba filling in for DeLonge. Barker and Hoppus met with Skiba over a lunch to discuss filling in for DeLonge, and began rehearsals with the group. After the shows, Skiba returned to Alkaline Trio for a string of dates and also released \"Kuts\", an album from his other band, The Sekrets. After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba rejoined Blink-182 as an official member, and the trio began preparations for new music in August 2015. The trio initially began writing together for the first time at Barker's studio, Opra Music in North Hollywood, in September 2015. The group wrote and recorded demos for upwards of 30\u201340 songs. \"California\" was produced by John Feldmann and recorded at his studio, Foxy Studios, in Woodland Hills, California between January and March 2016. Feldmann, initially the frontman of the band Goldfinger, became better known for his production work with artists such as 5 Seconds of Summer and All Time Low. Barker was the first to reach out to Feldmann about producing, as the two were good friends.", "DeLonge reunited with Blink-182 in 2009, releasing new music and touring frequently, before parting ways with the band again in 2015. In addition to his musical career, DeLonge also manages business ventures that he founded: Macbeth Footwear, and technology and design firm Modlife. He helped score and produce the 2011 science fiction film \"Love\", and has multiple film projects in development. He released a children's book, \"The Lonely Astronaut on Christmas Eve\", in 2013. DeLonge was born in Poway, California. His father was an oil company executive and his mother a mortgage broker. His first musical instrument was a trumpet, which he received as a Christmas gift at age 11. Despite his early interest in music, becoming a musician was not his first calling. DeLonge originally planned to become a firefighter, and participated in the San Diego Cadet Program. He first picked up the guitar from a friend at church camp, and became preoccupied by the instrument. DeLonge received his first guitar as a Christmas present from two friends in the sixth grade \u2013 \"a beat-up, shitty acoustic guitar that was worth about $30.\" He gathered his brother, Shon, and sister, Kari, as an audience for his original songs. In the seventh grade, DeLonge visited a friend in Oregon who introduced him to the music of Stiff Little Fingers, Dinosaur Jr. and the Descendents. He dyed his hair purple, and consequently began practicing the guitar loudly in his room. DeLonge attempted to form a band named Big Oily Men, which was essentially a one-man band: the band's lineup consisted of whoever he could persuade to join him for short periods. DeLonge first began skateboarding in the third grade, which would consume much his activity outside of school. \"I lived, ate, and breathed skateboarding.", "The Tom DeLonge Signature starts with Gibson's classic semi-hollow body design and then extends it into punk rock with an overwound 'Dirty Fingers' humbucking pickup. Its thick, distorted tone is the Delonge's signature guitar tone and widely recognized as the quintessential Blink sound. Panic! at the Disco's Brendon Urie and Ryan Ross both cited DeLonge as one of their major influences. Urie said that DeLonge influenced his singing, remarking that \"He has a voice that no-one else has [...] He's one of my bigger influences. He always writes amazing melodies and songs.\" Ross said: \"I wanted to learn how to play [the guitar] like Tom DeLonge.\" DeLonge was unsure if the band's status in the music industry would grow or last, and he expanded into business beginning in 1998. He started a holding group, Really Likable People (RLP), with a US$20,000 investment. Following this, he co-founded Loserkids.com, a website specializing in youth-branded apparel. In 2001, DeLonge and Hoppus, together with childhood friend Dylan Anderson, established the clothing brand, Atticus Clothing. The following year, DeLonge founded Macbeth Footwear, a rock and roll-inspired shoe company. The technology and design firm Modlife was founded by DeLonge in 2007, around the time that Blink-182 decided to part ways. DeLonge explained in 2014 that he was pondering a \"plan B\", whereby musical acts could monetize other aspects of their creative portfolio\u2014posters, books, VIP tickets, limited-edition releases\u2014given the challenges of contracts offered by major music companies and the emergence of file-sharing.", "Sekret Machines: Book 1 \u2013 Chasing Shadows Sekret Machines: Book 1 \u2013 Chasing Shadows is a science-fiction thriller novel based on actual events created by Tom DeLonge, American guitarist of Blink-182 and Angels & Airwaves, and British-American novelist A. J. Hartley. The first edition was released on April 5, 2016 through DeLonge's To the Stars company. \" Chasing Shadows\" is the first book in the \"Sekret Machines\" series of both fiction and non-fiction books. The 2017 paperback second edition includes a new foreword written by Jim Semivan, former member of the CIA's National Clandestine Service. Guitarist Tom DeLonge of the punk band Blink-182 spent his youth fascinated by aliens and UFOs, reading books on various related subjects in his freetime and even wrote the song \"Aliens Exist\" featured on Blink-182's 1999 breakout album, \"Enema of the State\". Among other reasons, DeLonge departed his band in 2015 to research UFOs, a move that had some music critics questioning his mental health and calling him \"batshit insane\". Following his departure, DeLonge connected with multiple \"high-ranking military officials and scientific elites\" for more than a year to learn about their stories and collaborate with them on a series of novels. He specifically sought out high-ranking officials to distance the project other projects with lesser credibility, such as Disclosure Project. He was motivated to write the book series to highlight the possible threat to national and global security posed by alien visitors. Co-author A. J. Hartley was also fascinated by UFOs in his youth, but remains skeptical about some of DeLonge's conspiracy theories. Hartley admires DeLonge's objectivity in his research, saying, \"[DeLonge] is a guy who is trying to put together what happened."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "answer": {"text": "Hoppus and Barker decided to continue on without DeLonge, and enlisted Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba to \"fill in\" for three shows in March 2015.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to DeLonge?", "answer": {"text": "After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba joined Blink-182 as an official member and began preparations for new music.", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519cf509f7cd4b98b0f251f08fdce115_0_q#3", "question": "did they produce music with the new line up?", "rewrite": "did Blink-182 produce music with the new line up?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["10th Annual Honda Civic Tour The 10th Annual Honda Civic Tour was a concert tour co-headlined by American pop punk trio Blink-182 and American rock band My Chemical Romance (in what turned out to be their final tour). Joined by supporting acts Matt & Kim, Manchester Orchestra, and Rancid, the tour began from August 5, 2011 and ran until October 8. Sponsored by the Honda Motor Company, the 2011 tour will mark the 10th anniversary of the concert tour, which Blink-182 headlined in its first incarnation. The tour was announced on May 23, 2011. Both bands had gathered at the Rainbow Bar and Grill in West Hollywood to announce to the tour. Members of the official blink-182 and My Chemical Romance fan clubs had the first chance at tickets to all shows, in an exclusive pre-sale that began on June 6. On June 8, anyone who \"liked\" the Honda Civic Tour's Facebook page will gain access to tickets. All remaining tickets will go on sale to the general public on June 10 via Ticketmaster.com and LiveNation.com. The announcement of the tour angered European blink-182 fans, whose previously announced European tour was cancelled just one month before. As was tradition with the concert tour, blink-182 was chosen to customize a Honda Civic to commemorate their long collaboration with the tour. Singer-bassist Mark Hoppus, whose first car was a Honda Civic, stated Max Gramajo, who had previously been involved in album artwork and T-shirt designs, co-designed the vehicle. The car featured Koenig rims, Toyo tires, a matte-finish paint job and the blink-182 signature logo, the bunny rabbit (blink-182's mascot) and was handed away during the tour to a fan.", "List of awards and nominations received by Blink-182 American rock band Blink-182 has received 18 awards from 29 nominations. They are the recipients of six San Diego Music Awards, three Teen Choice Awards, two Kerrang! Awards, and two MTV Europe Music Awards. The Kerrang! Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1993 by Kerrang!. Blink-182 has received two awards. The Libby Awards is an annual awards ceremony organized by PETA's youth arm peta2. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Blink-182 has received two awards. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. Blink-182 has received one award from four nominations. The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards is an annual awards show organized by Nickelodeon. Blink-182 has received one award. The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company. Blink-182 has received three awards.", "First Date ( Blink-182 song) \"First Date\" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182 for their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\" (2001). It was released as the second single from the album on October 8, 2001. The track was composed primarily by guitarist Tom DeLonge based on memories of his first date with spouse Jennifer Jenkins. The song's creation stems from Blink-182 manager Rick DeVoe's opinion that the album lacked a catchy, \"feel-good\" song. DeLonge composed \"First Date\" in response, while bassist Mark Hoppus composed the album's lead single \"The Rock Show\". The song peaked at number six on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song's music video depicts the trio as hippies in the 1970s, parading around the suburbs in a Volkswagen van and visiting a water park. In promotion of the single, Blink-182 performed the song live on late-night talk show \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". Prior to recording their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\", Blink-182 recorded demos at DML Studios, a small practice studio in Escondido, California, where the band had written \"Dude Ranch\" and \"Enema of the State\". The group had written a dozen songs after three weeks and invited their manager, Rick DeVoe, to be the first person outside Blink-182 to hear the new material, which the band found \"catchy [but with] a definitive edge\". DeVoe sat in the control room and quietly listened to the recordings, and pressed the band at the end on why there was no \"Blink-182 good-time summer anthem [thing]\". DeLonge and Hoppus were furious, remarking, \" You want a fucking single?", "When Your Heart Stops Beating When Your Heart Stops Beating is the only album by the American rock band +44, released on November 14, 2006, by Interscope Records. Mark Hoppus and Travis Barker of Blink-182 formed +44 as an experimental electronic outfit following the breakup of Blink-182. The project started in early 2005, and was later joined by lead guitarist Shane Gallagher and rhythm guitarist Craig Fairbaugh. Recording began in earnest shortly after the band purchased the Los Angeles-based studio Opra Music. The electronic demos evolved into more rock-based, full band compositions over the course of the recording process in 2006. Jerry Finn, who had worked extensively with Blink-182, came into the studio late in the production process to oversee completion of the album. Its dark lyrical content primarily reflects the demise of Blink-182, although it is stylistically upbeat and inspired by bands such as the Postal Service and the Cure. Although anticipated by music press, \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\" undersold commercial expectations and received mixed reviews from critics. The album's title track was released as its lead single and peaked at number 14 on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. +44 embarked on a worldwide touring schedule to support the album, and played the 2007 Honda Civic Tour alongside headliner Fall Out Boy. With the 2009 reunion of Blink-182, \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\" stands as +44's only album to date. By 2004, Blink-182, consisting of bassist Mark Hoppus, guitarist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Travis Barker, had achieved significant commercial success in the mainstream. The band had taken a brief break in late 2001 when DeLonge suffered a herniated disc in his back, during which time he collected several darker musical ideas he felt unsuitable for Blink-182, compiling them into a record, \"Box Car Racer\".", "Blink-182 and Lil Wayne Tour The Blink-182 and Lil Wayne Tour was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock band Blink-182 and American rapper Lil Wayne. The tour was in support of the group's eighth studio album, \"Nine\", as well as Wayne's previously released twelfth studio album, \"Tha Carter V\" (2018). The tour began on June 29 in Hartford, Connecticut and concluded on September 16, 2019 in Cincinnati, Ohio. One date coincided with Blink-182's appearance on the Vans Warped Tour 25th anniversary reunion show, as well as at 2019's Riot Fest. Welsh punk group Neck Deep was the opening act on the tour. To promote and announce the tour, Blink-182 and Lil Wayne released live and studio mashups of their songs \"What's My Age Again?\" and \"A Milli\". One month after first publicizing the tour, Blink-182 also announced they would perform their 1999 album \"Enema of the State\" in full at all shows, in addition to their hit singles and new music. This set list is from the concert on June 29, 2019 in Hartford. It is not intended to represent all shows from the tour Ticket sales to the tour were low. Three weeks prior to the opening date of the tour, \"Rolling Stone\" contributor Andy Greene observed that \"A quick glance at Ticketmaster shows oceans of unsold tickets at many shows with seats even in the back of the pavilion going for over $100 in certain markets.\" As \"ticket sales flagged,\" Live Nation rebranded the tour as a twentieth anniversary celebration of \"Enema of the State\", Blink's seminal 1999 album."], "answer": {"text": "The resulting album, California, was produced by John Feldmann.", "answer_start": 433}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "answer": {"text": "Hoppus and Barker decided to continue on without DeLonge, and enlisted Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba to \"fill in\" for three shows in March 2015.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to DeLonge?", "answer": {"text": "After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba joined Blink-182 as an official member and began preparations for new music.", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the legal battles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519cf509f7cd4b98b0f251f08fdce115_0_q#4", "question": "dhow successful was the album?", "rewrite": "how successful was the  Blink-182\u00b4s album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Blink-182 and Lil Wayne Tour The Blink-182 and Lil Wayne Tour was a co-headlining concert tour by American rock band Blink-182 and American rapper Lil Wayne. The tour was in support of the group's eighth studio album, \"Nine\", as well as Wayne's previously released twelfth studio album, \"Tha Carter V\" (2018). The tour began on June 29 in Hartford, Connecticut and concluded on September 16, 2019 in Cincinnati, Ohio. One date coincided with Blink-182's appearance on the Vans Warped Tour 25th anniversary reunion show, as well as at 2019's Riot Fest. Welsh punk group Neck Deep was the opening act on the tour. To promote and announce the tour, Blink-182 and Lil Wayne released live and studio mashups of their songs \"What's My Age Again?\" and \"A Milli\". One month after first publicizing the tour, Blink-182 also announced they would perform their 1999 album \"Enema of the State\" in full at all shows, in addition to their hit singles and new music. This set list is from the concert on June 29, 2019 in Hartford. It is not intended to represent all shows from the tour Ticket sales to the tour were low. Three weeks prior to the opening date of the tour, \"Rolling Stone\" contributor Andy Greene observed that \"A quick glance at Ticketmaster shows oceans of unsold tickets at many shows with seats even in the back of the pavilion going for over $100 in certain markets.\" As \"ticket sales flagged,\" Live Nation rebranded the tour as a twentieth anniversary celebration of \"Enema of the State\", Blink's seminal 1999 album.", "10th Annual Honda Civic Tour The 10th Annual Honda Civic Tour was a concert tour co-headlined by American pop punk trio Blink-182 and American rock band My Chemical Romance (in what turned out to be their final tour). Joined by supporting acts Matt & Kim, Manchester Orchestra, and Rancid, the tour began from August 5, 2011 and ran until October 8. Sponsored by the Honda Motor Company, the 2011 tour will mark the 10th anniversary of the concert tour, which Blink-182 headlined in its first incarnation. The tour was announced on May 23, 2011. Both bands had gathered at the Rainbow Bar and Grill in West Hollywood to announce to the tour. Members of the official blink-182 and My Chemical Romance fan clubs had the first chance at tickets to all shows, in an exclusive pre-sale that began on June 6. On June 8, anyone who \"liked\" the Honda Civic Tour's Facebook page will gain access to tickets. All remaining tickets will go on sale to the general public on June 10 via Ticketmaster.com and LiveNation.com. The announcement of the tour angered European blink-182 fans, whose previously announced European tour was cancelled just one month before. As was tradition with the concert tour, blink-182 was chosen to customize a Honda Civic to commemorate their long collaboration with the tour. Singer-bassist Mark Hoppus, whose first car was a Honda Civic, stated Max Gramajo, who had previously been involved in album artwork and T-shirt designs, co-designed the vehicle. The car featured Koenig rims, Toyo tires, a matte-finish paint job and the blink-182 signature logo, the bunny rabbit (blink-182's mascot) and was handed away during the tour to a fan.", "First Date ( Blink-182 song) \"First Date\" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182 for their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\" (2001). It was released as the second single from the album on October 8, 2001. The track was composed primarily by guitarist Tom DeLonge based on memories of his first date with spouse Jennifer Jenkins. The song's creation stems from Blink-182 manager Rick DeVoe's opinion that the album lacked a catchy, \"feel-good\" song. DeLonge composed \"First Date\" in response, while bassist Mark Hoppus composed the album's lead single \"The Rock Show\". The song peaked at number six on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song's music video depicts the trio as hippies in the 1970s, parading around the suburbs in a Volkswagen van and visiting a water park. In promotion of the single, Blink-182 performed the song live on late-night talk show \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". Prior to recording their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\", Blink-182 recorded demos at DML Studios, a small practice studio in Escondido, California, where the band had written \"Dude Ranch\" and \"Enema of the State\". The group had written a dozen songs after three weeks and invited their manager, Rick DeVoe, to be the first person outside Blink-182 to hear the new material, which the band found \"catchy [but with] a definitive edge\". DeVoe sat in the control room and quietly listened to the recordings, and pressed the band at the end on why there was no \"Blink-182 good-time summer anthem [thing]\". DeLonge and Hoppus were furious, remarking, \" You want a fucking single?", "List of awards and nominations received by Blink-182 American rock band Blink-182 has received 18 awards from 29 nominations. They are the recipients of six San Diego Music Awards, three Teen Choice Awards, two Kerrang! Awards, and two MTV Europe Music Awards. The Kerrang! Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1993 by Kerrang!. Blink-182 has received two awards. The Libby Awards is an annual awards ceremony organized by PETA's youth arm peta2. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Blink-182 has received two awards. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. Blink-182 has received one award from four nominations. The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards is an annual awards show organized by Nickelodeon. Blink-182 has received one award. The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company. Blink-182 has received three awards.", "When Your Heart Stops Beating When Your Heart Stops Beating is the only album by the American rock band +44, released on November 14, 2006, by Interscope Records. Mark Hoppus and Travis Barker of Blink-182 formed +44 as an experimental electronic outfit following the breakup of Blink-182. The project started in early 2005, and was later joined by lead guitarist Shane Gallagher and rhythm guitarist Craig Fairbaugh. Recording began in earnest shortly after the band purchased the Los Angeles-based studio Opra Music. The electronic demos evolved into more rock-based, full band compositions over the course of the recording process in 2006. Jerry Finn, who had worked extensively with Blink-182, came into the studio late in the production process to oversee completion of the album. Its dark lyrical content primarily reflects the demise of Blink-182, although it is stylistically upbeat and inspired by bands such as the Postal Service and the Cure. Although anticipated by music press, \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\" undersold commercial expectations and received mixed reviews from critics. The album's title track was released as its lead single and peaked at number 14 on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. +44 embarked on a worldwide touring schedule to support the album, and played the 2007 Honda Civic Tour alongside headliner Fall Out Boy. With the 2009 reunion of Blink-182, \"When Your Heart Stops Beating\" stands as +44's only album to date. By 2004, Blink-182, consisting of bassist Mark Hoppus, guitarist Tom DeLonge, and drummer Travis Barker, had achieved significant commercial success in the mainstream. The band had taken a brief break in late 2001 when DeLonge suffered a herniated disc in his back, during which time he collected several darker musical ideas he felt unsuitable for Blink-182, compiling them into a record, \"Box Car Racer\"."], "answer": {"text": "Upon its July 2016 release, California became the band's second number-one album on the Billboard 200, and first in 15 years; it also reached the top", "answer_start": 999}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "answer": {"text": "Hoppus and Barker decided to continue on without DeLonge, and enlisted Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba to \"fill in\" for three shows in March 2015.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to DeLonge?", "answer": {"text": "After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba joined Blink-182 as an official member and began preparations for new music.", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the legal battles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they produce music with the new line up?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album, California, was produced by John Feldmann.", "answer_start": 433, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519cf509f7cd4b98b0f251f08fdce115_0_q#5", "question": "what else did It reach?", "rewrite": "Besides the second number one album on the Billboard,  what else did Blink-182  reach?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike Damante at the \"Houston Chronicle\" said \"Feldmann's style is all over the record, as most tracks sound too formulaic, similar and run together. Other tracks are way too commercial, even for a band the size of blink. ... \"California\" is ultimately a step back, rather than a throwback.\" David Anthony from \"The A.V. Club\" gave the album a C-, commenting, \"\"California\" is the sound of Blink-182 desperately trying to remain relevant by outsourcing its creativity. [It] is another homogenous addition to Feldmann's growing r\u00e9sum\u00e9. But this time he unintentionally removed the soul of pop-punk's clown princes in the process.\" Nina Corcoran from \"Consequence of Sound\" was similarly negative: \"When not cranking the compression on the vocals, Feldmann ruins other songs with nonstop gimmicks: the piano interludes, the stiffened handclaps, the sappy title track.\" Gwilym Mumford of \"The Guardian\", focusing on the album's turbulent history regarding the departure of DeLonge, deemed the album \"a tired \u2013 and tiring \u2013 work.\" At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, Blink-182 were nominated for the award for Best Rock Album. \"California\" lost to Cage the Elephant's \"Tell Me I'm Pretty\". \"California\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, moving 186,000 equivalent album units; it sold 172,000 copies in its first week, with the remainder of its unit total reflecting the album's streaming activity and track sales. It marked the band's second number one album and first in over 15 years, when \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\" debuted at number one in 2001.", "First Date ( Blink-182 song) \"First Date\" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182 for their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\" (2001). It was released as the second single from the album on October 8, 2001. The track was composed primarily by guitarist Tom DeLonge based on memories of his first date with spouse Jennifer Jenkins. The song's creation stems from Blink-182 manager Rick DeVoe's opinion that the album lacked a catchy, \"feel-good\" song. DeLonge composed \"First Date\" in response, while bassist Mark Hoppus composed the album's lead single \"The Rock Show\". The song peaked at number six on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart. The song's music video depicts the trio as hippies in the 1970s, parading around the suburbs in a Volkswagen van and visiting a water park. In promotion of the single, Blink-182 performed the song live on late-night talk show \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\". Prior to recording their fourth studio album, \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\", Blink-182 recorded demos at DML Studios, a small practice studio in Escondido, California, where the band had written \"Dude Ranch\" and \"Enema of the State\". The group had written a dozen songs after three weeks and invited their manager, Rick DeVoe, to be the first person outside Blink-182 to hear the new material, which the band found \"catchy [but with] a definitive edge\". DeVoe sat in the control room and quietly listened to the recordings, and pressed the band at the end on why there was no \"Blink-182 good-time summer anthem [thing]\". DeLonge and Hoppus were furious, remarking, \" You want a fucking single?", "\"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\" became Blink-182's first number one album in the United States upon its June 2001 release; it also hit the top position in Canada and Germany. Hit singles \"The Rock Show\" and \"First Date\" continued the band's mainstream success worldwide, with MTV cementing their image as video stars. However, guitarist Tom DeLonge felt as though his creativity was stifled by label limitations, and sessions became contentious among the trio. They rescheduled European tour dates in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, and they were called off a second time after DeLonge suffered a herniated disc in his back. With time off from touring, DeLonge felt an \"itch to do something where he didn't feel locked in to what Blink was,\" and channeled his chronic back pain and resulting frustration into \"Box Car Racer\" (2002), a post-hardcore disc that further explores his Fugazi and Refused inspiration. Refraining from paying for a studio drummer, he invited Blink drummer Travis Barker to record drums on the project. Box Car Racer, intended as a one-time experimental project, became a full-fledged band with Barker behind the kit and Hazen Street guitarist David Kennedy on guitar. Blink bassist Mark Hoppus felt betrayed and jealous, and it would create an unresolved tension within the trio that followed the band for several years. \"At the end of 2001, it felt like Blink-182 had broken up. It wasn\u2019t spoken about, but it felt over\", said Hoppus later. Barker, meanwhile, joined rap rock group Transplants in 2002 and was featured on their first album, \"Transplants\". In addition, Blink-182 co-headlined the Pop Disaster Tour with Green Day, alongside opening acts Jimmy Eat World, Saves the Day, and Kut U Up in 2002.", "Tom DeLonge  Tom DeLonge () (born December 13, 1975) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, author, record producer, actor and filmmaker. He is the lead vocalist and guitarist of the rock band Angels & Airwaves, which he formed in 2005, and was the co-lead vocalist, guitarist, and co-founder of the rock band Blink-182 from its formation in 1992 until his dismissal from the group in 2015. DeLonge grew up in the suburbs of Poway, California, where he embraced skateboarding at an early age. When DeLonge received his first guitar, he began writing punk rock songs. He formed Blink-182 with bassist Mark Hoppus and drummer Scott Raynor during his high school years. The band created a following in the mid-1990s through independent releases and relentless touring, particularly in their home country and in Australia. They signed to MCA Records in 1996 and their second album, \"Dude Ranch\" (1997), featured the hit single \"Dammit\". The group had bigger success with \"Enema of the State\" (1999), which featured three hit singles and went quadruple-platinum in the U.S., selling upwards of 15 million copies worldwide. Blink-182 scored a number one album with 2001's \"Take Off Your Pants and Jacket\". DeLonge experimented with post-hardcore music on \"Box Car Racer\", which formed into a full-fledged band in 2002, but dissolved the following year. Blink's eponymous fifth studio album (2003) reflected a change in tone within the group, which broke up in 2005 following internal tension, spearheaded by DeLonge. In the aftermath of Blink-182's breakup in 2005, he formed Angels & Airwaves, which has released five studio albums and has evolved into an \"art project\", encompassing various forms of media.", "The track peaked high at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart, hovering at that position for three weeks. \"I Miss You\" was commissioned as the record's second single in December 2003 when the band recorded a music video for it. \"I Miss You\" became arguably the most successful single from the album, becoming Blink-182's second number one hit on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart during the week of April 3, 2004, until dethroned by Hoobastank's \"The Reason\" two weeks later. Despite briefly considering \"Easy Target\" to be released as the album's third single, \"Down\" was released instead. The video for \"Down\", which features real-life ex-gang members, made its television premiere in June 2004. The single was a mixed success, peaking at number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart during the week of July 31, 2004, but quickly falling off afterward. \" Always\" was announced as the fourth and final single from \"Blink-182\" in August 2004. \"It's gonna change people's lives and might actually change the world forever\", DeLonge jokingly predicted. After deciding on the video concept, the clip was recorded and released in November 2004 and continued success all the way into January 2005. A fifth single from the album (\"All of This\") was discussed; however, plans were dropped following the band's declaration of an 'indefinite hiatus' in February 2005. In response to the idea of \"All of This\" becoming a possible single, DeLonge joked \"We would love it because it's a bad-ass song, and The Cure's Robert Smith sings on it, and that makes us cooler than everybody else.\" The album received generally favorable reviews by music critics."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "answer": {"text": "Hoppus and Barker decided to continue on without DeLonge, and enlisted Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba to \"fill in\" for three shows in March 2015.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to DeLonge?", "answer": {"text": "After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba joined Blink-182 as an official member and began preparations for new music.", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the legal battles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they produce music with the new line up?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album, California, was produced by John Feldmann.", "answer_start": 433, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "dhow successful was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Upon its July 2016 release, California became the band's second number-one album on the Billboard 200, and first in 15 years; it also reached the top", "answer_start": 999, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_519cf509f7cd4b98b0f251f08fdce115_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the fact that California was produced by John Feldmann, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["She's Out of Her Mind \"She's Out of Her Mind \" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182 for the group's seventh studio album, \"California\" (2016). The song was released as the second single from \"California\" on October 11, 2016 through BMG. Written by bassist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, guitarist Matt Skiba, and producer John Feldmann, the song was re-written multiple times to make its chorus as catchy as possible. It contains lyrical references to the bands the Cure and Bauhaus. It was inspired by relationships the group had growing up with \"crazy\" girls. The song peaked at number two \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart. Critical reviews were mixed; some appreciated its \"throwback\" nature, while others considered it unoriginal. Its music video stars social media personalities running the streets of Los Angeles in the nude\u2014a remake of the video for the band's 1999 song \"What's My Age Again?\" To promote the song, the group performed it on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" Producer John Feldmann first came up with the lyrical concept for the song while walking around Disneyland with his children. He created the song's early working title, \"Orange County Girl\"\u2014as Hoppus's wife, Skye Everly, is from Orange County, California, and Blink are a Southern California-based group. The song came together early in the recording process. According to producer John Feldmann, \"We wanted to write a classic, no-brainer pop-punk song: major key, fun, happy, classic. \" The chorus was the result of multiple rewrites, with each draft attempting to perfect the chorus preceding it. \" The end result is the combination of maybe four or five different choruses,\" Hoppus said.", "Home Is Such a Lonely Place \"Home Is Such a Lonely Place\" is a song recorded by American rock band Blink-182 for the group's seventh studio album, \"California\" (2016). The song was released as the third single from \"California\" on April 18, 2017 through BMG. It is a ballad with a finger-picked guitar and strings. Lyrically, the song revolves around the idea of letting go of loved ones. Bassist Mark Hoppus and producer John Feldmann first began developing the song while discussing their families, and how tough it might be when their children grow up and leave home. The song was written by Hoppus, Feldmann, drummer Travis Barker, guitarist Matt Skiba, and songwriter David Hodges. The song has peaked at number 32 on \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart. Its music video shows the band members relaxing with family and friends before heading out on tour. Despite the fact that it was released as a single, the song was not performed live by the band on \"California\"'s supporting tour. However, the band eventually played it on their Kings of the Weekend tour at Las Vegas. Producer John Feldmann recalled that they \"needed\" a ballad\u2014\"whatever that means for Blink\"\u2014for \"California\". The concept behind the song, according to bassist Mark Hoppus, is \"letting go of people hugely important in your life.\" He and Feldmann met for coffee one morning before getting into the studio, and the subject of their children came up. They discussed how their lives were built around family, and how difficult it might be for them when their children eventually grow up and leave home. Hoppus wrote the song about his son, Jack, who at the time was 13.", "Rotation (Cute Is What We Aim For album) Rotation is the second studio album by pop punk band Cute Is What We Aim For, released on June 24, 2008. Cute Is What We Aim For released their debut album \" The Same Old Blood Rush with a New Touch\" in June 2006 through major label Fueled by Ramen. Bassist Fred Cimato left the band in October and was replaced by Jack Marin. Marin subsequently left mid-tour in April 2007 and was replaced by Cimato. In late May, the band announced they would be writing and recording their next album in the fall, with the aiming of releasing it in late winter. In July, it was reported that the band had become a five piece with the addition of Dave Melillo in time for the group's stint on Warped Tour. While on the tour, vocalist Shaant Hacikyan was actively searching for a producer for the group's next album. Guitarist Jeff Czum messaged John Feldmann of Goldfinger through Myspace and linked him to the band's music. Feldmann responded months later and \"we went from there\" according to Hacikyan. Hacikyan was initially apprehensive of working with Feldmann \"because it was a big move\" after working with Matt Squire on their debut album. The rest of the group assured Hacikyan that Feldmann \"was there to let us do whatever we wanted and he would back us up on it\". The band went into the pre-production process with half-written songs with Feldmann as the producer. When asked in an interview about choosing Feldmann, Hacikyan said he was a fan of Feldmann's past work. He added \"there were plans for little details and ad libs under the record, and I knew John Feldmann is amazing at that\".", "Here in Your Bedroom  \"Here in Your Bedroom\" is a song by the American rock band Goldfinger. It was the lead single from their self-titled debut studio album in 1996, released on Mojo Records. The song is based on the band's frontman, John Feldmann, and a brief relationship he had with a woman. The song was the band's biggest chart success, peaking at number five on \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks in the United States. It also peaked at number 11 on \"RPM\" Alternative 30 in Canada, and at number 47 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Airplay chart. \"Here in Your Bedroom\" was based on Goldfinger frontman John Feldmann's personal experiences. He was working at a store selling shoes, and he had a crush on a woman working in the dress department for over eight months. \" 'Here in Your Bedroom' is all about those wacky emotions that a sensitive guy like me gets at a time like that. When we were in her room, there was nothing else going on in the world but me and her,\" he told \"Billboard\" when the song achieved success. He noted that the experience was beneficial as a songwriter, as he gained three new songs from it. They first got together on New Year's 1995: In addition, Feldmann was inspired by his visiting sister, who he had not seen in a year. As for the girl, she quickly broke up with Feldmann and moved to Texas. Upon the song's twentieth anniversary in 2016, Feldmann called it his favorite song on the band's self-titled debut album, \"Goldfinger\". All songs written by John Feldmann, except where noted.", "Bored to Death (song) \"Bored to Death\" is a song recorded by American pop punk band Blink-182 for the group's seventh studio album, \"California\" (2016). The song was released as the lead single from \"California\" on April 27, 2016 through BMG. \" Bored To Death\" was written by the band's bassist and vocalist Mark Hoppus, drummer Travis Barker, guitarist and vocalist Matt Skiba, and producer John Feldmann. It is Skiba's first single with the band, and the first single to not feature original guitarist and vocalist Tom DeLonge. The song was among the very first written for \"California\", and was begun on the first day writing with Feldmann. The song topped \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart, becoming the band's first number one in 12 years. It received positive reviews from music critics, who compared it to the band's older sound. The song's music video, directed by Rob Soucy, finds a disenchanted teenager daydreaming about a girl while stuck in class at his high school. In promotion of the song, the group performed it on both \"Good Morning America\" and \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\". Electronic musician Steve Aoki produced a remix of the song, which was released in August 2016. \"Bored To Death\" originated in the band's first recording session with John Feldmann in January 2016; the band also recorded nearly three other songs on that first day. The chorus was written by Skiba as a response to Hoppus's verse of \"us traversing a relationship and kind of navigating through when things get real murky.\" Skiba elaborated on its meaning an interview: \"It's easier to say you're bored, or to be angry, than it is to be sad."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with the Blink-182 in 2015?", "answer": {"text": "Hoppus and Barker decided to continue on without DeLonge, and enlisted Alkaline Trio vocalist/guitarist Matt Skiba to \"fill in\" for three shows in March 2015.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to DeLonge?", "answer": {"text": "After legal battles with DeLonge were worked out, Skiba joined Blink-182 as an official member and began preparations for new music.", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the legal battles?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they produce music with the new line up?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album, California, was produced by John Feldmann.", "answer_start": 433, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "dhow successful was the album?", "answer": {"text": "Upon its July 2016 release, California became the band's second number-one album on the Billboard 200, and first in 15 years; it also reached the top", "answer_start": 999, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did It reach?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a794095d3797472385edf395bbc708d4_1_q#0", "question": "Why was Eric Bischoff associated with The New World Order?", "rewrite": "Why was Eric Bischoff associated with The New World Order?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Piper ended the match without Goldberg submitting and awarded Hart the victory. Hart retained the title and appeared confused about the situation. The ending resembled the Montreal Screwjob. Due to the controversial ending to the match between Bret Hart and Goldberg at Starrcade, the WCW World Heavyweight Championship was vacated the following night on \"WCW Monday Nitro\". Hart and Goldberg faced each other later on the show, where Hart regained the title with the help of Scott Hall and Kevin Nash. Hart, Hall, Nash and Jeff Jarrett formed a new incarnation of the New World Order (nWo) group, named nWo 2000. The mule kick Goldberg performed to Hart during their match at Starrcade gave Hart a severe concussion. Unaware of the severity of the injury, Hart continued to compete in matches in the days following. Hart was diagnosed with post-concussion syndrome, and relinquished the title on January 16. nWo 2000 disbanded soon after, and was the last incarnation of the nWo in the promotion. Later that year, Hart retired from professional wrestling. In April, Eric Bischoff returned to the promotion in a position that involved the managing and overseeing of the creative process. Bischoff worked with Vince Russo, and two new groups were created to feud with each other: the Millionaire's Club, which included older wrestlers, and the New Blood, with younger wrestlers. The value of the WCW World Heavyweight Championship had decreased over the past years, thanks in part to the hotshot booking of Bischoff and Russo, and Bischoff devised a storyline that began at the Bash at the Beach event to restore its value. At the event, according to Bischoff, Russo acted on his own and ruined Bischoff's plan by cutting a worked shoot promo on Hulk Hogan. Russo contends that Bischoff and Hogan were aware of the plan and agreed to it ahead of time.", "Starrcade (1998)  Starrcade (1998) was the sixteenth annual Starrcade professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event, produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It took place on December 27, 1998 from the MCI Center in Washington, D.C. The main event was a No Disqualification match between Goldberg and Kevin Nash for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. Their feud began when Nash won a battle royal at World War 3, and earned a title match. Other matches included Diamond Dallas Page against The Giant, Eric Bischoff against Ric Flair, and Konnan against Chris Jericho for the WCW World Television Championship. In 2015, All WCW pay-per-views were made available on the WWE Network. The event featured wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches. The main feud heading into Starrcade was between Goldberg and Kevin Nash over the WCW World Heavyweight Championship. Since his debut, Goldberg started an undefeated streak, and won the title from Hollywood Hogan on the July 6 edition of \"Nitro\". At World War 3, Nash won a battle royal to earn a title match with Goldberg at Starrcade, and their feud began. Heading into Starrcade, Goldberg had an undefeated streak of 173 matches. The feud between Ric Flair and Eric Bischoff began on September 14, when Flair returned to reform the Four Horsemen. The Four Horsemen feuded with the New World Order, but it soon reduced to a feud between Flair and Bischoff. The feud between Diamond Dallas Page and The Giant began when Bret Hart defeated Page with the help of The Giant to win the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship on the November 30 edition of \"Nitro\".", "New World Order (professional wrestling) The New World Order (commonly abbreviated as nWo) is a professional wrestling stable that originally consisted of \"Hollywood\" Hulk Hogan, Scott Hall and Kevin Nash. The stable originated in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) with the gimmick of a group of unsanctioned wrestlers aiming to \"take over\" and control WCW in the manner of a street gang. The group later appeared in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) after the purchase of WCW by the WWF. The nWo angle became one of the most influential forces in the mid-to-late 1990s success of WCW and was instrumental in turning mainstream North American professional wrestling back into a more mature, adult-oriented product and became the main driving forces behind WCW topping WWF in the Monday Night Wars. Apparently based on the Union of Wrestling Forces International (UWFi) invasion angle in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (this has been denied by then-WCW President Eric Bischoff) and fueled initially by the unexpected villainous turn of Hulk Hogan, the nWo storyline is generally considered one of the most successful angles in the history of modern-day professional wrestling, spawning several imitations and parodies, including groups such as the bWo, lWo and jWo. The group dominated WCW programming throughout the late-1990s and continued its domination until the dissolution of WCW in 2001, during which time there were several, sometimes rival incarnations of the group. The nWo storyline was an idea created by WCW Executive Vice President Eric Bischoff, whose inspiration for the angle came after attending New Japan Pro-Wrestling's Battle Formation show at the Tokyo Dome on April 29, 1996. The show was headlined by a NJPW vs. UWFi match for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship, as New Japan's Shinya Hashimoto defeated UWFi's Nobuhiko Takada.", "Made the announcement on the June 26, 2014 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\" that MVP was stripped of his title as director of wrestling operations, then later on announced Kurt Angle as MVP's replacement as executive director of wrestling operations. Ted Turner purchased Jim Crockett Promotions and launched World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 1988. The company went through a series of vice presidents and bookers, ranging from those with little wrestling experience to those entrenched in the old territorial methods of promotion until Eric Bischoff took control in 1994. His tenure saw the creation of \"Nitro\", the start of the Monday Night Wars and the formation of the New World Order. Declining ratings saw Bischoff ousted in 1999 and former WWF writer Vince Russo was hired in an attempt to salvage the company. WCW was purchased by the WWF in March 2001, but the company was featured prominently on WWF television as part of the Invasion storyline for the remainder of the year. Shane McMahon owned WCW as part of the Invasion storyline, with the rights actually owned by WWF chairman Vince McMahon. Flair became on-screen president after defeating Eric Bischoff in a match on \"Nitro\".<br>  Sting became on-screen president after defeating Ric Flair in a match on \"Nitro\", then several weeks later gave up the position for WCW to name a new president. Regal served as the Alliance commissioner during the Invasion storyline. Upon arriving in WCW, Russo and Ferrara were introduced as the Powers That Be, a mysterious on-screen presence that controlled the company. Bischoff returned to WCW as an unspecified authority figure on April 10, 2000 and alongside Vince Russo took control of the company as the leaders of The New Blood group. Stephanie McMahon owned ECW as part of the Invasion storyline, with the rights actually owned by WWE chairman Vince McMahon.", "Garett Bischoff Garett Bischoff (born April 20, 1984) is an American professional wrestler and professional wrestling referee. He is known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Bischoff was born in 1984 to Eric and Loree Bischoff. Bischoff made his debut as a referee for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, under the ring name Jackson James on November 7, 2010 at Turning Point. Garett was officially revealed (in wrestling storylines) during a match between Sting and Hulk Hogan on October 16, 2011 at Bound for Glory as Eric Bischoff's son when Garett reluctantly called the ring bell for a submission, which led to Eric hitting his son with a steel chair following the match, starting a rivalry between the two, in the process of removing him from Immortal and turning face. On the November 10, 2011, edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", Bischoff made his wrestling debut against Gunner and won by disqualification after Ric Flair interfered. On the November 17 edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", Bischoff defeated Gunner again, this time by pinfall. On the December 8 edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", Bischoff defeated Gunner again, but after the match Gunner would piledrive him into the concrete floor, injuring him in storyline. Garett returned on the January 5, 2012, edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", in a backstage segment where Sting told him that he was no longer a referee and was being officially welcomed to the roster. On the February 2 edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", the returning Hulk Hogan was revealed as Bischoff's trainer. On February 12 at Against All Odds, Bischoff, with Hogan in his corner, was defeated by Gunner, who had Eric Bischoff in his corner, in a singles match."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a794095d3797472385edf395bbc708d4_1_q#1", "question": "What is The New World Order?", "rewrite": "What is The New World Order?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By 1997, Anne-Marie Slaughter produced an analysis calling the restoration of the post-World War II order a \"chimera [...] infeasible at best and dangerous at worst\". In her view, the new order was not a liberal institutionalist one, but one in which state authority disaggregated and decentralized in the face of globalization. Samuel Huntington wrote critically of the \"new world order\" and of Francis Fukuyama's \"End of History\" theory in \"The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order\":  Despite the criticisms of the new world order concept, ranging from its practical unworkability to its theoretical incoherence, Bill Clinton not only signed on to the idea of the \"new world order\", but dramatically expanded the concept beyond Bush's formulation. The essence of Clinton's election year critique was that Bush had done too little, not too much. American intellectual Noam Chomsky, author of the 1994 book \"World Orders Old and New\", often describes the \"new world order\" as a post-Cold-War era in which \"the New World gives the orders\". Commenting on the 1999 U.S.-NATO bombing of Serbia, he writes: Following the rise of Boris Yeltsin eclipsing Gorbachev and the election victory of Clinton over Bush, the term \"new world order\" fell from common usage. It was replaced by competing similar concepts about how the post-Cold War order would develop. Prominent among these were the ideas of the \"era of globalization\", the \"unipolar moment\", the \"end of history\" and the \"Clash of Civilizations\". A 2001 paper in \"Presidential Studies Quarterly\" examined the idea of the \"new world order\" as it was presented by the Bush administration (mostly ignoring previous uses by Gorbachev).", "Others noted that Bush thus far failed to satisfy the out-of-control \"soaring expectations\" that Gorbachev's speech unleashed. Bush started to take the initiative from Gorbachev during the run-up to the Persian Gulf War, when he began to define the elements of the new world order as he saw it and link the new order's success to the international community's response in Kuwait. Initial agreement by the Soviets to allow action against Saddam Hussein highlighted this linkage in the press. \" The Washington Post\" declared that this superpower cooperation demonstrates that the Soviet Union has joined the international community and that in the new world order Saddam faces not just the U.S., but the international community itself. A \"New York Times\" editorial was the first to assert that at stake in the collective response to Saddam was \"nothing less than the new world order which Bush and other leaders struggle to shape\". In \"A World Transformed\", Scowcroft notes that Bush even offered to have Soviet troops amongst the coalition forces liberating Kuwait. Bush places the fate of the new world order on the ability of the U.S. and the Soviet Union to respond to Hussein's aggression. The idea that the Persian Gulf War would usher in the new world order began to take shape. Bush notes that the \"premise [was] that the United States henceforth would be obligated to lead the world community to an unprecedented degree, as demonstrated by the Iraqi crisis, and that we should attempt to pursue our national interests, wherever possible, within a framework of concert with our friends and the international community\". On March 6, 1991, President Bush addressed Congress in a speech often cited as the Bush administration's principal policy statement on the new world order in the Middle East following the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait.", "[...] I think that his task will be to develop an overall strategy for America in this period, when really a 'new world order' can be created. It's a great opportunity. It isn't such a crisis\". Former British United Kingdom Prime Minister and current British Middle East envoy Tony Blair stated on November 13, 2000 in his Mansion House speech: \"There is a new world order like it or not\". He used the term in 2001, November 12, 2001 and 2002. On January 7, 2003, he stated that \"the call was for a new world order. But a new order presumes a new consensus. It presumes a shared agenda and a global partnership to do it\". Former United Kingdom Prime Minister Gordon Brown (then Chancellor of the Exchequer) stated on December 17, 2001: \"This is not the first time the world has faced this question \u2013 so fundamental and far-reaching. In the 1940s, after the greatest of wars, visionaries in America and elsewhere looked ahead to a new world and \u2013 in their day and for their times \u2013 built a new world order\". Brown also called for a \"new world order\" in a 2008 speech in New Delhi to reflect the rise of Asia and growing concerns over global warming and finance. Brown said the new world order should incorporate a better representation of \"the biggest shift in the balance of economic power in the world in two centuries\". He then went on: \"To succeed now, the post-war rules of the game and the post-war international institutions \u2013 fit for the Cold War and a world of just 50 states \u2013 must be radically reformed to fit our world of globalisation\". He also called for the revamping of post-war global institutions including the World Bank, G8 and International Monetary Fund.", "Their conclusion was that Bush really only ever had three firm aspects to the new world order:  These were not developed into a policy architecture, but came about incrementally as a function of domestic, personal and global factors. Because of the somewhat overblown expectations for the new world order in the media, Bush was widely criticized for lacking vision. The Gulf crisis is seen as the catalyst for Bush's development and implementation of the new world order concept. The authors note that before the crisis the concept remained \"ambiguous, nascent, and unproven\" and that the U.S had not assumed a leadership role with respect to the new order. Essentially, the Cold War's end was the permissive cause for the new world order, but the Persian Gulf crisis was the active cause. They reveal that in August 1990 U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia Charles W. Freeman Jr. sent a diplomatic cable to Washington from Saudi Arabia in which he argued that U.S. conduct in the Persian Gulf crisis would determine the nature of the world. Bush would then refer to the \"new world order\" at least 42 times from the summer of 1990 to the end of March 1991. They also note that Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney gave three priorities to the Senate on fighting the Persian Gulf War, namely prevent further aggression, protect oil supplies and further a new world order. The authors note that the new world order did not emerge in policy speeches until after Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, maintaining that the concept was clearly not critical in the U.S. decision to deploy. John H. Sununu later indicated that the administration wanted to refrain from talking about the concept until Soviet collapse was more clear. A reversal of Soviet collapse would have been the death knell for the new order. Bush and Scowcroft were frustrated by the exaggerated and distorted ideas surrounding the new world order.", "New World Order (conspiracy theory) The New World Order or NWO is claimed to be an emerging clandestine totalitarian world government by various conspiracy theories. The common theme in conspiracy theories about a New World Order is that a secretive power elite with a globalist agenda is conspiring to eventually rule the world through an authoritarian world government\u2014which will replace sovereign nation-states\u2014and an all-encompassing propaganda whose ideology hails the establishment of the New World Order as the culmination of history's progress. Many influential historical and contemporary figures have therefore been alleged to be part of a cabal that operates through many front organizations to orchestrate significant political and financial events, ranging from causing systemic crises to pushing through controversial policies, at both national and international levels, as steps in an ongoing plot to achieve world domination. Before the early 1990s, New World Order conspiracism was limited to two American countercultures, primarily the militantly anti-government right and secondarily that part of fundamentalist Christianity concerned with the end-time emergence of the Antichrist. Skeptics, such as Michael Barkun and Chip Berlet, observed that right-wing populist conspiracy theories about a New World Order had not only been embraced by many seekers of stigmatized knowledge but had seeped into popular culture, thereby inaugurating a period during the late 20th and early 21st centuries in the United States where people are actively preparing for apocalyptic millenarian scenarios. Those political scientists are concerned that mass hysteria over New World Order conspiracy theories could eventually have devastating effects on American political life, ranging from escalating lone-wolf terrorism to the rise to power of authoritarian ultranationalist demagogues."], "answer": {"text": "The nWo was depicted as a rival company engaging in a \"hostile takeover\" of WCW.", "answer_start": 608}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Eric Bischoff associated with The New World Order?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a794095d3797472385edf395bbc708d4_1_q#2", "question": "How did they go about doing this?", "rewrite": "How did nWo go about the takeover of the WCW ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Souled Out (1997) Souled Out (1997) was the inaugural Souled Out professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The event took place on January 25, 1997 from the Five Seasons Center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The pay-per-view was presented by the nWo in storyline and the official title of the event was nWo Souled Out. It was an nWo-themed pay-per-view, with nWo official referee Nick Patrick officiating all of the matches by wearing an nWo T-shirt and cap and the group's members Eric Bischoff and Ted DiBiase providing commentary. Eight matches were contested at the event and all the matches featured WCW roster versus nWo members. nWo leader Hollywood Hogan defended the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against WCW's The Giant in the main event as Giant invoked his title opportunity which he earned by winning the 1996 World War 3. The match ended in a no contest when the nWo referee Nick Patrick stopped counting the pinfall for Giant and the nWo members interfered to attack him. The event involved professional wrestlers performing as heroic and villainous characters in scripted events pre-determined by the hosting promotion, WCW. Storylines between the characters played out on WCW's primary television programs, \"Monday Nitro\", \"Saturday Night\", \"WorldWide\", \"Pro\" and \"Main Event\". nWo member The Giant won the World War 3 battle royal at the 1996 World War 3 by last eliminating Lex Luger, which entitled him to a WCW World Heavyweight Championship match at a place and time of his choosing.", "As Sting's character and look evolved, so too did Farmer's nWo Sting character. On the same night Sting made his speech, the nWo inducted its sixth official member into the group, Sean Waltman, who was friends with Hall and Nash in real-life and wrestled as \"The 1-2-3 Kid\" in the WWF, now known as Syxx. In October, the nWo debuted Vincent, who had previously been DiBiase's manservant in the WWF as \"Virgil\", as its \"head of security\". Referee Nick Patrick became the group's official referee after he began showing partiality to nWo members during their matches. Miss Elizabeth turned against The Four Horsemen and joined the group as Hogan's valet. In the storyline, WCW only recognized Hogan, Nash, and Hall as WCW employees due to their holding WCW championships, and the other nWo members went unrecognized as WCW employees; because of this, they were unable to wrestle other WCW wrestlers. This led to the nWo starting a segment on \"Saturday Night\", called \"nWo Saturday Night\", where nWo stable members wrestled local jobbers inside an empty arena. The nWo also used their \"financing\" to purchase ad time during WCW programming, which amounted to low budget anti-WCW propaganda, or \"hijack\" the broadcast signal. The nWo continued to dominate WCW, with Hogan successfully retaining the nWo World Heavyweight Championship against \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage and Hall and Nash winning the WCW World Tag Team Championship from Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray) at Halloween Havoc. In the meantime, The Giant stole Flair's United States Heavyweight Championship and claimed it for himself. At Halloween Havoc, Hogan's old rival Roddy Piper, whom WCW had just signed to a contract, came to the ring to confront Hogan.", "Souled Out (1998) Souled Out (1998) was the second Souled Out professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and sponsored by Snickers. The event took place on January 24, 1998 from the Hara Arena in Trotwood, Ohio. Unlike the previous year's event, this year's event was billed as a joint production by WCW and the nWo (in storyline) and the pay-per-view events until the following year's Uncensored were jointly produced by WCW and the nWo. The event featured a double main event. The first main event featured Bret Hart making his WCW in-ring debut against Ric Flair. Hart made Flair submit to the Sharpshooter. The second main event featured WCW's Lex Luger against nWo's Randy Savage. Luger made Savage submit to the \"Torture Rack\". The event featured several WCW vs. nWo matches. There were two singles matches as Larry Zbyszko and The Giant represented WCW against the nWo's Scott Hall and Kevin Nash in respective matches while WCW's Ray Traylor and The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) took on the nWo's Konnan, Scott Norton and Buff Bagwell in a six-man tag team match. Aside from WCW vs. nWo matches, the WCW Cruiserweight Championship and the WCW World Television Championship were also defended at the event. Chris Benoit took on Raven in a Raven's Rules Match and a lucha libre cruiserweight eight-man tag team match also took place at the event. The event featured wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.", "On occasion, nWo Sting would try to appease the real Sting when both were in the ring. Unfortunately for Farmer, this usually led to the real Sting attacking him and getting laid out with the Scorpion Death Drop. In matches, nWo Sting would lose to opponents, or need help from the entire nWo to win a match. The television announcers would refer to him as imposter, fake, or bogus Sting. Announcer Larry Zbyszko nicknamed him \u201cStink\u201d. The rest of the nWo would completely ignore him whenever the real Sting was around when they were trying to recruit him. After it was revealed that Sting had sided with WCW, Eric Bischoff promised an interview with Sting. He instead brought out nWo Sting and held a mock interview that berated the real Sting and praised Hollywood Hogan. Farmer appeared in the video game \"\" as nWo Sting, labeled in the game as \"Sting\". In March 1997, Farmer joined nWo Japan in New Japan Pro Wrestling and began to split his time between Japan and America. While in Japan, nWo Sting began to rise in popularity and became a prominent member of the group. He regularly teamed with nWo Japan leader Masahiro Chono. The nWo Sting became much more popular than the real Sting in Japan. As a result, Farmer would spend more time in Japan. In November 1997, he teamed up with Hiroyoshi Tenzan to compete in the 1997 Super Grade Tag League. The team would score three victories during the league. nWo Sting\u2019s last appearances in WCW came in May 1998, when he joined nWo Hollywood and began teaming with The Giant. The Giant had previously won the WCW World Tag Team Championship with the real Sting, but the team imploded when Giant joined nWo Hollywood, and began feuding over control of the tag team titles they held together.", "Similar to the Starrcade result, two different referees declared the two different men as the winner. Later that night, Dillon vacated the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, forcing Sting to surrender the belt. Sting responded with his first words (on mic) since October 1996 when he told Dillon, \"You've got no guts! \" Sting turned to Hogan and said, \"And you... You're a dead man!\". As 1998 began, the nWo began to splinter. Sting recaptured the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship in February at SuperBrawl VIII with the help of Savage, who was beginning to split from the nWo. Sting went on to successfully defend the title against the likes of Hall, Nash, and Diamond Dallas Page (DDP). Like Savage, Nash began to pull away from the Hogan-dominated nWo, and Nash helped Savage beat Sting for the championship at Spring Stampede in April. Nash and Savage officially split from the original nWo on May 4, forming the face group nWo Wolfpac, while Hogan's heel faction became identified as nWo Hollywood. The two nWo factions vied for Sting's allegiance, with Sting's friends The Giant joining nWo Hollywood and Luger joining nWo Wolfpac. Sting seemed to have joined nWo Hollywood when he appeared wearing a black and white nWo shirt, but he soon tore off the shirt to reveal the red and black of the nWo Wolfpac. Sting began wearing red and black face paint and tights as a member of nWo Wolfpac. Sting and The Giant won the WCW World Tag Team Championship at Slamboree in May when Hall turned on his teammate Nash. Sting and The Giant also split, and the team was forced to vacate the title 18 days later."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Eric Bischoff associated with The New World Order?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is The New World Order?", "answer": {"text": "The nWo was depicted as a rival company engaging in a \"hostile takeover\" of WCW.", "answer_start": 608, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a794095d3797472385edf395bbc708d4_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the nWo's takeover of the WCW Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Similar to the Starrcade result, two different referees declared the two different men as the winner. Later that night, Dillon vacated the WCW World Heavyweight Championship, forcing Sting to surrender the belt. Sting responded with his first words (on mic) since October 1996 when he told Dillon, \"You've got no guts! \" Sting turned to Hogan and said, \"And you... You're a dead man!\". As 1998 began, the nWo began to splinter. Sting recaptured the vacant WCW World Heavyweight Championship in February at SuperBrawl VIII with the help of Savage, who was beginning to split from the nWo. Sting went on to successfully defend the title against the likes of Hall, Nash, and Diamond Dallas Page (DDP). Like Savage, Nash began to pull away from the Hogan-dominated nWo, and Nash helped Savage beat Sting for the championship at Spring Stampede in April. Nash and Savage officially split from the original nWo on May 4, forming the face group nWo Wolfpac, while Hogan's heel faction became identified as nWo Hollywood. The two nWo factions vied for Sting's allegiance, with Sting's friends The Giant joining nWo Hollywood and Luger joining nWo Wolfpac. Sting seemed to have joined nWo Hollywood when he appeared wearing a black and white nWo shirt, but he soon tore off the shirt to reveal the red and black of the nWo Wolfpac. Sting began wearing red and black face paint and tights as a member of nWo Wolfpac. Sting and The Giant won the WCW World Tag Team Championship at Slamboree in May when Hall turned on his teammate Nash. Sting and The Giant also split, and the team was forced to vacate the title 18 days later.", "On occasion, nWo Sting would try to appease the real Sting when both were in the ring. Unfortunately for Farmer, this usually led to the real Sting attacking him and getting laid out with the Scorpion Death Drop. In matches, nWo Sting would lose to opponents, or need help from the entire nWo to win a match. The television announcers would refer to him as imposter, fake, or bogus Sting. Announcer Larry Zbyszko nicknamed him \u201cStink\u201d. The rest of the nWo would completely ignore him whenever the real Sting was around when they were trying to recruit him. After it was revealed that Sting had sided with WCW, Eric Bischoff promised an interview with Sting. He instead brought out nWo Sting and held a mock interview that berated the real Sting and praised Hollywood Hogan. Farmer appeared in the video game \"\" as nWo Sting, labeled in the game as \"Sting\". In March 1997, Farmer joined nWo Japan in New Japan Pro Wrestling and began to split his time between Japan and America. While in Japan, nWo Sting began to rise in popularity and became a prominent member of the group. He regularly teamed with nWo Japan leader Masahiro Chono. The nWo Sting became much more popular than the real Sting in Japan. As a result, Farmer would spend more time in Japan. In November 1997, he teamed up with Hiroyoshi Tenzan to compete in the 1997 Super Grade Tag League. The team would score three victories during the league. nWo Sting\u2019s last appearances in WCW came in May 1998, when he joined nWo Hollywood and began teaming with The Giant. The Giant had previously won the WCW World Tag Team Championship with the real Sting, but the team imploded when Giant joined nWo Hollywood, and began feuding over control of the tag team titles they held together.", "Souled Out (1998) Souled Out (1998) was the second Souled Out professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and sponsored by Snickers. The event took place on January 24, 1998 from the Hara Arena in Trotwood, Ohio. Unlike the previous year's event, this year's event was billed as a joint production by WCW and the nWo (in storyline) and the pay-per-view events until the following year's Uncensored were jointly produced by WCW and the nWo. The event featured a double main event. The first main event featured Bret Hart making his WCW in-ring debut against Ric Flair. Hart made Flair submit to the Sharpshooter. The second main event featured WCW's Lex Luger against nWo's Randy Savage. Luger made Savage submit to the \"Torture Rack\". The event featured several WCW vs. nWo matches. There were two singles matches as Larry Zbyszko and The Giant represented WCW against the nWo's Scott Hall and Kevin Nash in respective matches while WCW's Ray Traylor and The Steiner Brothers (Rick Steiner and Scott Steiner) took on the nWo's Konnan, Scott Norton and Buff Bagwell in a six-man tag team match. Aside from WCW vs. nWo matches, the WCW Cruiserweight Championship and the WCW World Television Championship were also defended at the event. Chris Benoit took on Raven in a Raven's Rules Match and a lucha libre cruiserweight eight-man tag team match also took place at the event. The event featured wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.", "Souled Out (1997) Souled Out (1997) was the inaugural Souled Out professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). The event took place on January 25, 1997 from the Five Seasons Center in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The pay-per-view was presented by the nWo in storyline and the official title of the event was nWo Souled Out. It was an nWo-themed pay-per-view, with nWo official referee Nick Patrick officiating all of the matches by wearing an nWo T-shirt and cap and the group's members Eric Bischoff and Ted DiBiase providing commentary. Eight matches were contested at the event and all the matches featured WCW roster versus nWo members. nWo leader Hollywood Hogan defended the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against WCW's The Giant in the main event as Giant invoked his title opportunity which he earned by winning the 1996 World War 3. The match ended in a no contest when the nWo referee Nick Patrick stopped counting the pinfall for Giant and the nWo members interfered to attack him. The event involved professional wrestlers performing as heroic and villainous characters in scripted events pre-determined by the hosting promotion, WCW. Storylines between the characters played out on WCW's primary television programs, \"Monday Nitro\", \"Saturday Night\", \"WorldWide\", \"Pro\" and \"Main Event\". nWo member The Giant won the World War 3 battle royal at the 1996 World War 3 by last eliminating Lex Luger, which entitled him to a WCW World Heavyweight Championship match at a place and time of his choosing.", "As Sting's character and look evolved, so too did Farmer's nWo Sting character. On the same night Sting made his speech, the nWo inducted its sixth official member into the group, Sean Waltman, who was friends with Hall and Nash in real-life and wrestled as \"The 1-2-3 Kid\" in the WWF, now known as Syxx. In October, the nWo debuted Vincent, who had previously been DiBiase's manservant in the WWF as \"Virgil\", as its \"head of security\". Referee Nick Patrick became the group's official referee after he began showing partiality to nWo members during their matches. Miss Elizabeth turned against The Four Horsemen and joined the group as Hogan's valet. In the storyline, WCW only recognized Hogan, Nash, and Hall as WCW employees due to their holding WCW championships, and the other nWo members went unrecognized as WCW employees; because of this, they were unable to wrestle other WCW wrestlers. This led to the nWo starting a segment on \"Saturday Night\", called \"nWo Saturday Night\", where nWo stable members wrestled local jobbers inside an empty arena. The nWo also used their \"financing\" to purchase ad time during WCW programming, which amounted to low budget anti-WCW propaganda, or \"hijack\" the broadcast signal. The nWo continued to dominate WCW, with Hogan successfully retaining the nWo World Heavyweight Championship against \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage and Hall and Nash winning the WCW World Tag Team Championship from Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray) at Halloween Havoc. In the meantime, The Giant stole Flair's United States Heavyweight Championship and claimed it for himself. At Halloween Havoc, Hogan's old rival Roddy Piper, whom WCW had just signed to a contract, came to the ring to confront Hogan."], "answer": {"text": "the New World Order when perennial fan-favorite Hulk Hogan aligned himself with the Outsiders in July 1996.", "answer_start": 500}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Eric Bischoff associated with The New World Order?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is The New World Order?", "answer": {"text": "The nWo was depicted as a rival company engaging in a \"hostile takeover\" of WCW.", "answer_start": 608, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they go about doing this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a794095d3797472385edf395bbc708d4_1_q#4", "question": "Was Hogan originally part of the nWO?", "rewrite": "Was  Hulk Hogan originally part of the nWO?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Mega-Maniacs The Mega-Maniacs was the World Wrestling Federation tag team of Hulk Hogan & Brutus \"The Barber\" Beefcake that had two distinct runs as a team, one in 1989 and another one in 1993. Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake began their careers more or less at the same time, quickly becoming lifelong friends and would team up from time to time. Their most well known \"Pre-WWF\" teams were as \"Terry & Ed Boulder\" and as \"Hulk & Dizzy Hogan\", billed as brothers. During the summer of 1989, Tiny Lister began appearing at WWF arena shows, playing his character, \"The Human Wrecking Machine\" Zeus, from the WWF-financed film \"No Holds Barred\"; Zeus began targeting Hogan, the movie's top-billed star. Zeus teamed up with \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage in hopes of destroying Hulk Hogan. Faced with overwhelming odds, Hulk Hogan turned to his best friend Brutus Beefcake, who was already feuding with Savage at the time, to even the odds. At SummerSlam 1989, Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake teamed up to take on Randy Savage and Zeus in the main event, a clash that saw Hulk Hogan pin Zeus after his trademark Leg drop. Hogan and Beefcake would once again team up after being attacked in the locker rooms during the closing moments of the 1989 Survivor Series by Savage and Zeus. It was decided that the feud had to be settled in a steel cage match, which was featured on a \"Mini-PPV\" as a double feature with the movie \"No Holds Barred.\" (The match was taped December 13, 1989, and aired two weeks later on pay-per-view.) Hulk Hogan and Brutus Beefcake were successful in the cage, after which Zeus was not seen in the WWF.", "Wrapping up the event on pay-per-view, a still-stunned Tony Schiavone said: \"Hulk Hogan, you can go to hell... Straight to hell\". The night after Bash at the Beach, Hall and Nash appeared on Nitro without Hogan, attempting to attack Sting, Arn Anderson and Randy Savage, but were held back by WCW security. Hogan returned the next week on \"Nitro\" and assisted Hall and Nash in beating up Lex Luger and Big Bubba Rogers during \"Nitro\"'s main event. He then made a challenge to then reigning WCW World Heavyweight Champion The Giant for Hog Wild in August. At Hog Wild, the newly rechristened Hollywood Hulk Hogan (often shortened to Hollywood Hogan) won the match after knocking The Giant out with his title belt. After the match, Hogan rechristened the Big Gold Belt as the nWo World Heavyweight Championship by spray-painting the group acronym in capital letters across the faceplate. Nearly two weeks after Hog Wild, Ted DiBiase made his WCW debut and declared himself the financier and spokesperson of the nWo (thus becoming the fourth man), and was given the nickname \"Trillionaire Ted\". On the September 2 episode of \"Nitro\", the nWo got its first defection and fifth member from WCW as The Giant, who just weeks earlier lost his title to Hogan, turned on his Dungeon of Doom teammates and attacked The Four Horsemen and Randy Savage. As WCW's annual pay-per-view Fall Brawl was drawing closer, WCW was preparing for another battle against the nWo. On the September 9 episode of Nitro, the nWo tricked fans and wrestlers into thinking that Sting had joined the nWo by putting wrestler Jeff Farmer into the group as a Sting clone, complete with Sting attire and face paint.", "Bret Hart made his WCW debut on the December 15 episode of \"Nitro\" and declared he would not join the nWo, but did say he would be the special guest referee for a match between Bischoff and Larry Zbyszko at Starrcade. If Bischoff won the match, the nWo would be given permanent control over \"Nitro\", but if Zbyszko won, it would remain with WCW. On the \"Nitro\" before Starrcade, the nWo completely took over the show by tearing down the set and chasing off the WCW announcing crew. They destroyed anything WCW-related and rebranded it \"nWo Monday Nitro\". This event was done as a test run for a permanent changeover of \"Nitro\" to an nWo-centric show, with the soon-debuting \"Thunder\" becoming the WCW-centric show. However, due to abysmal ratings following the twenty-plus minutes of the conversion of the set on live television, the plan was quietly dropped. Zbyszko later defeated Bischoff at Starrcade. Also at Starrcade, Hogan lost the title to Sting. Hogan originally pinned Sting, but confusion arose when Hart appeared at ringside and accused referee and former nWo member Nick Patrick of making a fast count. In reality, Nick Patrick was supposed to make it a fast count, revealing himself to be a crooked official. By Hart's account in his biography, Patrick simply forgot to speed up the count, which left the fans extremely confused. Hart laid out Patrick and ordered the match to continue with himself as the referee. Hogan then submitted to Sting's \"Scorpion Death Lock\", and the entire WCW locker room came out to celebrate the defeat of Hogan. Shortly after Hogan lost the title at Starrcade, the nWo started showing signs of division within the group.", "One being the black and white Crow-inspired persona and the other being his surfer gimmick with the blond flattop hairstyle. A collector's edition of the game was announced on August 4. It includes premium packaging, a collectable art card hand-signed by Hulk Hogan, an exclusive Funko \"Hollywood\" Hulk Hogan vinyl figure, a piece of the ring canvas from Hogan's appearance on \"WWE Monday Night Raw\" on March 10, 2014, two playable pre-order launch-exclusive Hulk Hogan characters (nWo \"Hollywood\" Hulk Hogan and modern day Hulk Hogan), and the two playable Sting characters. A total of 25,000 collector's editions were made available for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. CM Punk's inclusion in the game caused legal issues before release, as Punk had walked out of the company by release, however, 2K and Punk reached an agreement before release. The PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions of the game were delayed three weeks from their original October 28 release date. 2K stated \"The additional development time enables our talented teams to ensure the \"WWE 2K15\" next-gen experience fully meets our expectations. \" The next gen versions were released on November 18, 2014. On April 21, 2015, WWE announced an upcoming Windows PC release in Spring of 2015. A week later, 2K announced the release date of April 28, 2015. This marks the first game in the \"WWE 2K\" series to be released on PC, as well as the first WWE game to be released on PC since \"WWE RAW\" which was released in 2002. All previously released downloadable content was included at no extra cost, except Paige, who was exclusive to the Season Pass. The PC version is similar to the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions, featuring MyCareer and 2K Showcase game modes.", "Additionally, the characters of Jimmy \"Superfly\" Snuka and Wendi Richter remained throughout the series' run, despite both having left the WWF in late 1985. WWE currently own the rights to the program. In April 2015, WWE announced that the program would be added to the WWE Network, making its premiere following the April 20 episode of \"WWE Raw\". On July 24, 2015, Hulk Hogan was fired by the WWE and references to Hulk Hogan including \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" were removed from the WWE network. Hulk Hogan was the leader of the faces, or good guys; consisting of Junkyard Dog, Captain Lou Albano, Andr\u00e9 the Giant, Wendi Richter, Jimmy \"Superfly\" Snuka, Hillbilly Jim, and Tito Santana. Rowdy Roddy Piper was the leader of the heels, or bad guys; consisting of The Iron Sheik, Nikolai Volkoff, The Fabulous Moolah, Big John Studd, and Mr. Fuji. Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan and \"Mean\" Gene Okerlund appeared animated in a few episodes as well. The opening theme to \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" is \"Hulk Hogan's Theme\", composed by Jim Steinman. It was also used as Hogan's ring entrance theme, before being replaced with \"Real American\" by Rick Derringer. Steinman later reworked \"Hulk Hogan's Theme\" into \"Ravishing\", performed by Bonnie Tyler and featured on her 1986 album \"Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire\". \"Hulk Hogan's Rock 'n' Wrestling\" aired for 2 seasons beginning in 1985. Each episode was 30 minutes in length (including commercial breaks.) Some episodes contained one 30 minute title while other episodes contained two 15 minute titles. Over the two seasons, there were a total of 26 episodes with 39 titles."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Eric Bischoff associated with The New World Order?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is The New World Order?", "answer": {"text": "The nWo was depicted as a rival company engaging in a \"hostile takeover\" of WCW.", "answer_start": 608, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they go about doing this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "the New World Order when perennial fan-favorite Hulk Hogan aligned himself with the Outsiders in July 1996.", "answer_start": 500, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cdce3a49e3074777b875ecc6d610adf3_1_q#0", "question": "What was the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" in regards to Bobby Thomson?", "rewrite": "What was the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" in regards to Bobby Thomson?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"The Barber\" Maglie was on the mound for New York, while Brooklyn called on Don Newcombe. After Maglie walked two batters in the top of the first, Jackie Robinson singled home the game's first run. The score remained 1\u20130 until the bottom of the seventh. In that inning, Monte Irvin led off with a double for the Giants. He was bunted over to third, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Bobby Thomson. In the top of the eighth, the Dodgers came roaring back with three runs off Maglie. A pair of singles, a wild pitch, and two more singles made the score 4\u20131 Dodgers. Newcombe sat down the Giants in order in the bottom of the eighth, while Larry Jansen did the same in relief of Maglie. In the bottom of the ninth, Alvin Dark led off with a single, and Don Mueller followed with another. After Monte Irvin popped out to first base, Whitey Lockman lined a double to left-center field, scoring Dark and putting Mueller on third. Dodger manager Chuck Dressen summoned game 1 starter Ralph Branca in to relieve Newcombe, despite having only had one day's rest. On his second pitch, Bobby Thomson drove a pitch to deep left field for a walk-off home run to clinch the pennant for the Giants. This home run, hit at 3:58 p.m. EST on October 3, 1951, came to be known as the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\". The phrase \"shot heard 'round the world\" is from a classic poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson, originally used to refer to the first clash of the American Revolutionary War and since used to apply to other dramatic moments, military and otherwise.", "Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball) In baseball, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" was a game-winning home run by New York Giants outfielder and third baseman Bobby Thomson off Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca at the Polo Grounds in New York City on October 3, 1951, to win the National League (NL) pennant. Thomson's dramatic three-run homer came in the ninth inning of the decisive third game of a three-game playoff for the pennant in which the Giants trailed, 4\u20131. The game\u2014the first ever televised nationally\u2014was seen by millions of viewers across America and heard on radio by millions more, including thousands of American servicemen stationed in Korea, listening on Armed Forces Radio. The classic drama of snatching victory from defeat to secure a pennant was intensified by the epic cross-town rivalry between the Giants and Dodgers, and by a remarkable string of victories in the last weeks of the regular season by the Giants, who won 37 of their last 44 games to catch the first-place Dodgers and force a playoff series to decide the NL champion. The Giants' late-season rally and 2-to-1-game playoff victory, capped by Thomson's moment of triumph, are collectively known in baseball lore as \"The Miracle of Coogan's Bluff\", a descriptor coined by the legendary sports columnist Red Smith. The phrase \"shot heard 'round the world\" is from the poem \"Concord Hymn\" (1837) by Ralph Waldo Emerson about the first clash of the American Revolutionary War. It later became popularly associated with Thomson's homer and several other dramatic historical moments. The principal National League (NL) contenders in 1951 were the New York Giants, Brooklyn Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies. The Dodgers quickly pulled into first place, and widened their lead as the season progressed.", "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season The 1951 Brooklyn Dodgers led the National League for much of the season, holding a 13-game lead as late as August. However, a late season swoon and a hot streak by the New York Giants led to a classic three-game playoff series. Bobby Thomson's dramatic ninth-inning home run off Dodger reliever Ralph Branca in the final game won the pennant for the Giants and was immortalized as the Shot Heard 'Round the World. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\"  One of the more famous episodes in major league baseball history, and possibly one of the greatest moments in sports history, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" is the name given to Bobby Thomson's walk-off home run that clinched the National League pennant for the New York Giants over their rivals, the Brooklyn Dodgers. This game was the third of a three-game playoff series resulting from one of baseball's most memorable pennant races.", "The Untold Story of Bobby Thomson, Ralph Branca and The Shot Heard Round the World\". Thomson acknowledged to Prager that the Giants had stolen signs in 1951 but denied that he had foreknowledge of the pitch he hit off Branca for the pennant-winning home run. According to Branca, Thomson admitted to accepting the stolen signs during his first three at-bats of that game, but claimed that he did not do so in the final at-bat; Branca indicated that he did not believe Thomson's denials and remained convinced that Thomson was in fact tipped off on the fateful pitch. Branca ran the Baseball Assistance Team for seventeen years. Branca was a long time member of Westchester Country Club. He was born and raised in Mt. Vernon, New York where he was a member of the Westchester County Hall of Fame for about forty years. He was inducted into the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame. Branca was a pallbearer at Jackie Robinson's funeral in October 1972. Branca was a contestant on \"Concentration\" starting in 1963, where he won 17 consecutive games. He appeared in \"Concentration\"'s 1963 Challenge of Champions. In the 2012 movie, \"Parental Guidance,\" Branca made a cameo appearance as a judge during a scene involving an audition for a music school. During the scene Billy Crystal's grandson takes to the stage and recites the radio broadcast of, \"The Shot Heard Round the World. \" Branca was portrayed by Hamish Linklater in the 2013 film \"42\", a biographical sports drama about Robinson's career. Branca was the subject of the 2013 documentary \"Branca's Pitch,\" produced by Andrew J. Muscato. Branca married Ann Mulvey, whose parents were part-owners of the Dodgers, in 1951, shortly after giving up the famous home run.", "The house is located approximately from the North Bridge. The phrase \"shot heard round the world\" (alternatively \"shots heard round the world\" or \"shot heard around the world\") has also become associated with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, an event considered to be one of the immediate causes of World War I. Serbian Gavrilo Princip fired two shots, the first hitting Franz Ferdinand's wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, and the second hitting the Archduke himself. The death of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, propelled Austria-Hungary and the rest of Europe into World War I. The phrase \"Shot heard round the world\" continues to be a stock phrase in the 21st century, widely used to refer to extraordinary events in general. The phrase has been applied to several dramatic moments in sports history. In baseball, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" refers to the game-winning walk-off home run by New York Giants outfielder Bobby Thomson off Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca to win the National League pennant on October 3, 1951. The Giants won the game 5\u20134 as a result of the home run, defeating their traditional rivals in the pennant playoff series, although they eventually lost the World Series to the Yankees. In association football, the shot heard round the world refers to Paul Caligiuri's winning goal for the United States men's national soccer team in the final qualifying round for the 1990 FIFA World Cup on 19 November 1989. The US had not qualified for the World Cup since 1950. The team was in third position of the CONCACAF playoffs before their final game against Trinidad and Tobago in Port of Spain. The US had to win to go to the finals, their opponents only needed a draw."], "answer": {"text": "The home run, nicknamed the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\", was dramatic as, until 1969,", "answer_start": 136}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cdce3a49e3074777b875ecc6d610adf3_1_q#1", "question": "What happened in 1969?", "rewrite": "What happened to Bobby Thomson in 1969?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Thomson (footballer, born 1937) Robert Gillies McKenzie \"Bobby\" Thomson (born 21 March 1937) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played as a forward. He played most of his professional career in the West Midlands, making over 300 appearances in total for the two Birmingham clubs, and is probably best known for his four years at Aston Villa. Thomson was born in Dundee, Scotland. He began his football career as an amateur first with Albion Rovers and then Airdrieonians. Following successful trials he moved to First Division champions Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1953 and signed professional forms in 1954. During Thomson's five years at the club, Wolves won the League twice more and never finished below sixth. However, he was unable to establish himself as a first-team player and managed just one League first-team appearance, scoring in a 2\u20130 win over Newcastle United on 13 April 1957. He transferred to Aston Villa, newly relegated to the Second Division, in 1959 for a fee of \u00a38,000. Here, he made an immediate impact, scoring 22 goals in his first season, which made him the club's top scorer and helped them win the 1959\u201360 Second Division championship. He followed this up with 18 goals the next season and another 18 in 1962\u201363. He played in the final of the inaugural League Cup competition in 1960\u201361 in which Aston Villa beat Rotherham United. Two years later he scored in the first leg of the 1963 League Cup Final against Birmingham City, but in the second leg he was marked out of the game by former England centre-half Trevor Smith, a significant factor in Birmingham retaining their 3\u20131 lead. In September 1963 Thomson moved to Birmingham City. In his first season, he was used in a variety of positions, eventually settling in at centre-forward alongside the newly arrived and prolific Geoff Vowden.", "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season The 1951 Brooklyn Dodgers led the National League for much of the season, holding a 13-game lead as late as August. However, a late season swoon and a hot streak by the New York Giants led to a classic three-game playoff series. Bobby Thomson's dramatic ninth-inning home run off Dodger reliever Ralph Branca in the final game won the pennant for the Giants and was immortalized as the Shot Heard 'Round the World. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\"  One of the more famous episodes in major league baseball history, and possibly one of the greatest moments in sports history, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" is the name given to Bobby Thomson's walk-off home run that clinched the National League pennant for the New York Giants over their rivals, the Brooklyn Dodgers. This game was the third of a three-game playoff series resulting from one of baseball's most memorable pennant races.", "Bobby Thomson (footballer, born 1943) Robert Anthony Thomson (5 December 1943 \u2013 19 August 2009) was an English professional footballer. He made 478 appearances in the English Football League and won eight caps for England. Something of a legend at his first club \u2013 Wolverhampton Wanderers, he is considered to be one of the finest full-backs ever to have played for the team. Departing Wolves in 1969, he then moved on to Birmingham City and then Luton Town. He was promoted out of the Second Division with all three clubs. His later career involved moving between numerous clubs, both at home and abroad. He spent time as player-coach at Connecticut Bicentennials and player-manager of Stafford Rangers. Thomson was an exceptionally fast full-back and was also extremely adept at back-pedalling. Thomson was born in Smethwick, which was then in Staffordshire. He joined local side Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1959 upon leaving Lyndon High School in Solihull. He signed professional forms in July 1961, before making his senior debut on 27 January 1962 in an FA Cup tie against Black Country rivals West Bromwich Albion. Between his debut in 1962 to 1967 he missed just 11 first team games. Unfortunately for Thomson, he was too late for the glory years, and instead came through under the tail-end of manager Stan Cullis' sixteen-year reign. Their best finish during Thomson's time was fifth in the First Division in 1962\u201363. The club fell to the Second Division in 1964\u201365. They won promotion at the second time of asking \u2013 in 1966\u201367, as runners-up. In Summer 1967 he was part of the Wolves side that played in the United States, guesting as the Los Angeles Wolves, under which guise they won the United Soccer Association league championship.", "Bobby Thomson (footballer, born 1955)  Robert \"Bobby\" Thomson (born 21 March 1955) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. Glasgow-born Thomson began his League career with St Johnstone and would spend five years at the club before moving to Greenock Morton. He moved to England to play for Middlesbrough but returned to Scotland a year later to play for Hibernian. Thomson played 78 games for Hibs, but he was banned for six months after an incident with a linesman during a match against St Johnstone in 1983. He was a regular under the management of Pat Stanton, but fell out of favour when John Blackley became Hibs manager. Thomson briefly returned to Morton in 1985, on loan from Hibs. Thomson joined Blackpool in August 1985, at a time when the club was about to embark on something of a revival under the management of Sam Ellis. \" Thomson's aggression and experience will stiffen competition in the attack,\" said Ellis of the signing. A brief spell at Hartlepool United followed, before joining Hamilton Academical. Thomson then moved into non-League football with Southport. Since retiring from football, Thomson has been employed as a day care worker. His daughter, Hollie, has played for Hibernian and Scotland.", "\"The Barber\" Maglie was on the mound for New York, while Brooklyn called on Don Newcombe. After Maglie walked two batters in the top of the first, Jackie Robinson singled home the game's first run. The score remained 1\u20130 until the bottom of the seventh. In that inning, Monte Irvin led off with a double for the Giants. He was bunted over to third, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Bobby Thomson. In the top of the eighth, the Dodgers came roaring back with three runs off Maglie. A pair of singles, a wild pitch, and two more singles made the score 4\u20131 Dodgers. Newcombe sat down the Giants in order in the bottom of the eighth, while Larry Jansen did the same in relief of Maglie. In the bottom of the ninth, Alvin Dark led off with a single, and Don Mueller followed with another. After Monte Irvin popped out to first base, Whitey Lockman lined a double to left-center field, scoring Dark and putting Mueller on third. Dodger manager Chuck Dressen summoned game 1 starter Ralph Branca in to relieve Newcombe, despite having only had one day's rest. On his second pitch, Bobby Thomson drove a pitch to deep left field for a walk-off home run to clinch the pennant for the Giants. This home run, hit at 3:58 p.m. EST on October 3, 1951, came to be known as the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\". The phrase \"shot heard 'round the world\" is from a classic poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson, originally used to refer to the first clash of the American Revolutionary War and since used to apply to other dramatic moments, military and otherwise."], "answer": {"text": "league pennants were only decided by playoff when the teams involved finished the regular season in a tie.", "answer_start": 224}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" in regards to Bobby Thomson?", "answer": {"text": "The home run, nicknamed the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\", was dramatic as, until 1969,", "answer_start": 136, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cdce3a49e3074777b875ecc6d610adf3_1_q#2", "question": "What happened then?", "rewrite": "After the teams finished the regular season in a tie, what happened to Bobby Thomson then?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1955 Washington Senators season The 1955 Washington Senators season was the franchise's 55th in Major League Baseball. The Senators won 53 games, lost 101, and finished in eighth and last place in the American League. They were managed by Chuck Dressen and played home games at Griffith Stadium, where they draw 425,238 fans, eighth and last in the American League and 16th and last in MLB. It was Dressen's first year as the Senators' manager, after Bucky Harris had led the 1954 club to a 66\u201388, sixth place finish. Dressen, 60, came to Washington two years removed from a highly successful three-year term as skipper of the Brooklyn Dodgers, where his teams finished in a dead heat for first in (losing the 1951 National League tie-breaker series on Bobby Thomson's famous home run), then won back-to-back NL titles in and . But in each of the latter seasons, his Dodgers were defeated by the New York Yankees in the World Series, and when Dressen decided to demand a three-year contract to return to Brooklyn for 1954, his owner, Walter O'Malley, let his 1953 contract expire. Dressen spent 1954 managing Oakland in the highly competitive Pacific Coast League, and his return to the major leagues was viewed with anticipation by some observers. His hiring was a departure for the Senators' management and ownership. He was the first manager outside the Washington team's \"family\" hired during Clark Griffith's presidency, which began in 1920. Through 1954, Griffith had appointed eight different men to manage his club (with one, Harris, serving three different terms), and all had been current or former Senator players. Dressen, as a veteran National Leaguer and a high profile manager with New York ties, broke that that 35-season trend.", "2009 American League Central tie-breaker game The 2009 American League Central tie-breaker game was a one-game extension to Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2009 regular season, played between the Detroit Tigers and Minnesota Twins to determine the champion of the American League's (AL) Central Division. It was played at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on October 6, 2009. The Twins won the game 6\u20135 in extra innings and advanced to the 2009 AL Division Series where they were swept by the New York Yankees; the Tigers failed to qualify for the postseason. A tie-breaker was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win\u2013loss records of 86\u201376. The Twins, who had won the regular season series against the Tigers, 11 games to 7, were thus awarded home field due to a rules change prior to the 2009 season. It was the third tie-breaker played in MLB from 2007\u20132009. It was also the second consecutive tiebreaker for the AL Central title after 2008, when the Chicago White Sox defeated the Twins to win the division. The Twins became the first (and, as of 2018, only) MLB team to contest tie-breaker games of any sort (divisional and/or wild card) in consecutive seasons. The tie-breaker is counted as the 163rd regular season game played by both teams and all events in the game are added to regular season statistics. This was the Twins' final regular season game at the Metrodome as the team moved to Target Field for the 2010 season. The tie-breaker was later named the Best Regular-Season Game of the Decade by \"Sports Illustrated\". The Tigers led the AL Central for periods at the start of the season in April, ultimately tying for the lead on May 10 and taking the lead outright on May 16.", "As a result, the team have lost some of their key players and entered the season with a number of youngsters promoted from the second team, competing under their old name V\u00e1ci NKSE. Meanwhile, DVSC agreed on a deal with the local mall center F\u00f3rum Debrecen, which became the club's new main sponsor, altering its name to DVSC-F\u00f3rum. In addition, on the same day they have signed a media contract with regional television Alf\u00f6ld TV, and under the terms of the agreement all of their matches will be live broadcast by the television station. Teams finished in bottom four places after the regular season entered a classification round, in which a double round-robin system was use. According to their final position in the regular season, these four teams were awarded bonus points. Ninth placed B\u00e9k\u00e9scsaba got four points, tenth placed Duna\u00fajv\u00e1ros were awarded three, eleventh placed Kiskunhalas got two points and finally last placed Szeksz\u00e1rd received one point. Additional points that were awarded after the final positions in the regular season are indicated in bonus points column. Teams finished between fifth and eight place also played a classification round. Similarly to the Classification round 9\u201312, these four teams were given bonus points depending on their position in the regular season. Additional points that were awarded after the final positions in the regular season are indicated in the bonus points column. Once again, title holders Gy\u0151ri Audi ETO KC have finished the regular season without a single defeat. Ferencv\u00e1ros, the club of the IXth district of Budapest, finished just behind the defending champions. The two other semi-finalists, Si\u00f3fok and \u00c9rd both played in the classification round 9-12 last season, but this year they reached the last table, and fought for their first medal in the elite championship and a spot in a European cup.", "Unlike MLB, NPB games may end in a tie if there is no winner after 12 innings of play. If a Climax Series game results in a tie, the win is credited to neither team. If this causes the series to end in a tie, the team who finished higher in the regular-season standings advances, unless both teams finished with the same regular-season record. If both teams finished with the same regular season record, the team who won the most matches against the other team will advance. After being implemented for the 2007 season, the Climax Series drew mixed reviews. The implementation of a unified playoff system in NPB was generally welcomed. Robert Whiting described its creation as \"long overdue\" and believes it stimulates more interest in Japanese baseball. Various details in how the system operates has been debated and criticized, however. The tiebreaker that determines which team moves on to the Climax Series in the event that two teams end the regular season with the same record has drawn criticism. Currently, the team that finished higher in the league standings the previous season holds the advantage. This contrasts with Major League Baseball (MLB), which employs a one-game playoff (if only one team advances), or other professional leagues that may use head-to-head season records (and further tiebreakers such as non-interleague play records, second half records, et al.). Former Hiroshima Carp bench coach Jeff Livesey explained that in one instance his team was actually a full game further behind the Hanshin Tigers than the standings showed because unlike the Tigers, the Carp could not enter the Climax Series in the event of a tie. Former player Scott McClain believes that \"[the tiebreaker] should have nothing to do with last year\", pointing out that players and managers change from year to year. \"", "1951 National League tie-breaker series The 1951 National League tie-breaker series was a best-of-three playoff series at the conclusion of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 1951 regular season to decide the winner of the National League (NL) pennant. The games were played on October 1, 2, and 3, 1951, between the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers. It was necessary after both teams finished the season with identical win\u2013loss records of 96\u201358. It is most famous for the walk-off home run hit by Bobby Thomson of the Giants in the deciding game, which has come to be known as baseball's \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\". This was the second three-game playoff in NL history. After no tiebreakers had been needed since the American League (AL) became a major league in 1901, this was the third such tie in the previous six seasons. The Dodgers had been involved in the previous one as well, losing to the St. Louis Cardinals during the 1946 season in two straight games. In addition to the 1946 series, the AL had a one-game playoff in . The Giants won game one, while the Dodgers came back to win game two. After trailing for most of game three, the Giants rallied to win the game and the series. Consequently, they advanced to the 1951 World Series, in which they were defeated by the New York Yankees. In baseball statistics, the tie-breaker series counted as the 155th, 156th, and 157th regular season games by both teams ; all events in the games were added to regular season statistics. Sportswriters projected that the Giants, Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies would face off during the 1951 Major League Baseball season."], "answer": {"text": "Prior to 1951 playoffs had only been necessary in 1946 (NL) and 1948 (AL).", "answer_start": 331}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" in regards to Bobby Thomson?", "answer": {"text": "The home run, nicknamed the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\", was dramatic as, until 1969,", "answer_start": 136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1969?", "answer": {"text": "league pennants were only decided by playoff when the teams involved finished the regular season in a tie.", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cdce3a49e3074777b875ecc6d610adf3_1_q#3", "question": "What year did the shot around the world happen?", "rewrite": "What year did the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" happen?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shot heard round the world \"The shot heard round the world\" is a phrase that refers to the opening shot of the Battle of Concord in 1775, which began the American Revolutionary War and led to the creation of the United States of America. The phrase has subsequently also been applied to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914 (which began World War I) as well as other events. The phrase comes from the opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's \"Concord Hymn\" (1837) and refers to the first shot of the American Revolution at the Old North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts, where the first British soldiers fell in the battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. Historically, no single shot can be cited as the first shot of the battle or the war. Shots were fired earlier that day at Lexington, Massachusetts, where eight Americans were killed and a British soldier was slightly wounded, but accounts of that event are confused and contradictory. The North Bridge skirmish did see the first shots by Americans acting under orders, the first organized volley by Americans, the first British fatalities, and the first British retreat. The towns of Lexington and Concord have debated over the point of origin for the Revolutionary War since 1824, when the Marquis de Lafayette visited the towns. He was welcomed to Lexington hearing it described as the \"birthplace of American liberty\", but he was then informed in Concord that the \"first forcible resistance\" was made there. President Ulysses S. Grant considered not attending the 1875 centennial celebrations in the area to evade the issue. In 1894, Lexington petitioned the state legislature to proclaim April 19 as \"Lexington Day\", to which Concord objected; the current name for the holiday is Patriots' Day. Emerson lived in a house known as the Old Manse at the time when he was composing the \"Concord Hymn\", from which his grandfather and father (then a young child) had witnessed the skirmish.", "Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball) In baseball, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" was a game-winning home run by New York Giants outfielder and third baseman Bobby Thomson off Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca at the Polo Grounds in New York City on October 3, 1951, to win the National League (NL) pennant. Thomson's dramatic three-run homer came in the ninth inning of the decisive third game of a three-game playoff for the pennant in which the Giants trailed, 4\u20131. The game\u2014the first ever televised nationally\u2014was seen by millions of viewers across America and heard on radio by millions more, including thousands of American servicemen stationed in Korea, listening on Armed Forces Radio. The classic drama of snatching victory from defeat to secure a pennant was intensified by the epic cross-town rivalry between the Giants and Dodgers, and by a remarkable string of victories in the last weeks of the regular season by the Giants, who won 37 of their last 44 games to catch the first-place Dodgers and force a playoff series to decide the NL champion. The Giants' late-season rally and 2-to-1-game playoff victory, capped by Thomson's moment of triumph, are collectively known in baseball lore as \"The Miracle of Coogan's Bluff\", a descriptor coined by the legendary sports columnist Red Smith. The phrase \"shot heard 'round the world\" is from the poem \"Concord Hymn\" (1837) by Ralph Waldo Emerson about the first clash of the American Revolutionary War. It later became popularly associated with Thomson's homer and several other dramatic historical moments. The principal National League (NL) contenders in 1951 were the New York Giants, Brooklyn Dodgers, and Philadelphia Phillies. The Dodgers quickly pulled into first place, and widened their lead as the season progressed.", "Shot heard round the world (soccer) The \"Shot heard round the world \" is a term used in reference to one of the most historic goals in U.S. soccer history, which allowed the U.S. national team to make it to the 1990 FIFA World Cup after 36 years of failed attempts to qualify. This goal was scored in the qualification game between United States and Trinidad and Tobago on November 19, 1989 in Port of Spain. The U.S. team had not qualified for a FIFA World Cup since 1950, and the U.S. (having being elected by FIFA in 1988 to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup) wanted to give a good impression to the world of soccer by qualifying to the 1990 World Cup. The United States was one of the five nations competing in the final round of CONCACAF's qualifiers for two spots at the upcoming World Cup in Italy, the other involved nations being Costa Rica, Guatemala, El Salvador and Trinidad & Tobago. Mexico was disqualified due to a scandal related with the age adulteration for a youth tournament, known as los cachirules. In that time, the U.S. team was formed mainly by college and semi-professional players. They started by losing 1\u20130 to Costa Rica, then they got revenge by beating Costa Rica 1\u20130, tied 1\u20131 against Trinidad and Tobago, won 2\u20131 against Guatemala and won 1\u20130 against El Salvador. After scoreless draws against both Guatemala and El Salvador, the situation of the group was as follows: The United States needed a win in order to qualify for the World Cup because a loss or a draw would allow Trinidad and Tobago to qualify. Costa Rica had already mathematically qualified for the tournament in Italy. The game was played on November 19, 1989 in the Hasely Crawford Stadium in Port of Spain.", "The house is located approximately from the North Bridge. The phrase \"shot heard round the world\" (alternatively \"shots heard round the world\" or \"shot heard around the world\") has also become associated with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, an event considered to be one of the immediate causes of World War I. Serbian Gavrilo Princip fired two shots, the first hitting Franz Ferdinand's wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, and the second hitting the Archduke himself. The death of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, propelled Austria-Hungary and the rest of Europe into World War I. The phrase \"Shot heard round the world\" continues to be a stock phrase in the 21st century, widely used to refer to extraordinary events in general. The phrase has been applied to several dramatic moments in sports history. In baseball, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" refers to the game-winning walk-off home run by New York Giants outfielder Bobby Thomson off Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca to win the National League pennant on October 3, 1951. The Giants won the game 5\u20134 as a result of the home run, defeating their traditional rivals in the pennant playoff series, although they eventually lost the World Series to the Yankees. In association football, the shot heard round the world refers to Paul Caligiuri's winning goal for the United States men's national soccer team in the final qualifying round for the 1990 FIFA World Cup on 19 November 1989. The US had not qualified for the World Cup since 1950. The team was in third position of the CONCACAF playoffs before their final game against Trinidad and Tobago in Port of Spain. The US had to win to go to the finals, their opponents only needed a draw.", "1951 Brooklyn Dodgers season The 1951 Brooklyn Dodgers led the National League for much of the season, holding a 13-game lead as late as August. However, a late season swoon and a hot streak by the New York Giants led to a classic three-game playoff series. Bobby Thomson's dramatic ninth-inning home run off Dodger reliever Ralph Branca in the final game won the pennant for the Giants and was immortalized as the Shot Heard 'Round the World. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\" \"Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts\"  One of the more famous episodes in major league baseball history, and possibly one of the greatest moments in sports history, the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" is the name given to Bobby Thomson's walk-off home run that clinched the National League pennant for the New York Giants over their rivals, the Brooklyn Dodgers. This game was the third of a three-game playoff series resulting from one of baseball's most memorable pennant races."], "answer": {"text": "1951", "answer_start": 106}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\" in regards to Bobby Thomson?", "answer": {"text": "The home run, nicknamed the \"Shot Heard 'Round the World\", was dramatic as, until 1969,", "answer_start": 136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1969?", "answer": {"text": "league pennants were only decided by playoff when the teams involved finished the regular season in a tie.", "answer_start": 224, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened then?", "answer": {"text": "Prior to 1951 playoffs had only been necessary in 1946 (NL) and 1948 (AL).", "answer_start": 331, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#0", "question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "rewrite": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eventually, three NFL teams (Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Baltimore Colts) agreed to move over to join the original AFL franchises of 1960 in what became the American Football Conference. Despite the ongoing merger, it was a commonly held view that the NFL was a far superior league. This was seemingly confirmed by the results of the first two interleague championship games, in January 1967 and 1968, in which the NFL champion Green Bay Packers, coached by the legendary Vince Lombardi, easily defeated the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders. Although publicized as the inter-league championship games, it was not until later that the moniker for this championship contest between the now two conferences (National and American) began having the nickname of \"Super Bowl\" applied to it by the media and later began being counted by using Roman numerals, the creation of the term being credited to the founder of the AFL, Lamar Hunt. The Baltimore Colts had won the 1958 and 1959 NFL championships under Coach Weeb Ewbank. In the following years, however, the Colts failed to make the playoffs, and the Colts dismissed Ewbank after a 7\u20137 record in 1962. He was soon hired by New York's new AFL franchise, which had just changed its name from the Titans to the Jets. In Ewbank's place, Baltimore hired an untested young head coach, Don Shula, who would also go on to become one of the game's greatest coaches. The Colts did well under Shula, despite losing to the Cleveland Browns in the 1964 NFL Championship Game and, in 1965, losing in overtime to the Green Bay Packers in a tie-breaking game to decide the NFL Western Division championship.", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. ."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#1", "question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "rewrite": "Where did Weeb Ewbank go once he retired?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "Eventually, three NFL teams (Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Baltimore Colts) agreed to move over to join the original AFL franchises of 1960 in what became the American Football Conference. Despite the ongoing merger, it was a commonly held view that the NFL was a far superior league. This was seemingly confirmed by the results of the first two interleague championship games, in January 1967 and 1968, in which the NFL champion Green Bay Packers, coached by the legendary Vince Lombardi, easily defeated the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders. Although publicized as the inter-league championship games, it was not until later that the moniker for this championship contest between the now two conferences (National and American) began having the nickname of \"Super Bowl\" applied to it by the media and later began being counted by using Roman numerals, the creation of the term being credited to the founder of the AFL, Lamar Hunt. The Baltimore Colts had won the 1958 and 1959 NFL championships under Coach Weeb Ewbank. In the following years, however, the Colts failed to make the playoffs, and the Colts dismissed Ewbank after a 7\u20137 record in 1962. He was soon hired by New York's new AFL franchise, which had just changed its name from the Titans to the Jets. In Ewbank's place, Baltimore hired an untested young head coach, Don Shula, who would also go on to become one of the game's greatest coaches. The Colts did well under Shula, despite losing to the Cleveland Browns in the 1964 NFL Championship Game and, in 1965, losing in overtime to the Green Bay Packers in a tie-breaking game to decide the NFL Western Division championship.", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. ."], "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#2", "question": "Was he honored for his career?", "rewrite": "Did Weeb Ewbank receive career honors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of Indianapolis Colts head coaches The Indianapolis Colts are a professional American football team based in Indianapolis, Indiana. They are a member of the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). In 1953, a Baltimore-based group led by Carroll Rosenbloom won the rights to a new Baltimore franchise. Rosenbloom was granted an NFL team, and was awarded the holdings of the defunct Dallas Texans organization. The team was known as the Baltimore Colts for 31 seasons before moving to Indianapolis in March 1984. There have been 19 head coaches for the Colts franchise. Keith Molesworth became the first coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1953, but he was reassigned to a different position with the team following the season. In terms of tenure, Weeb Ewbank has led the team for more games (112) and more complete seasons (nine) than any other head coach. He led the team to two of their NFL championships. Three Colts head coaches; Ewbank, Don Shula (3), and Ted Marchibroda, have been named coach of the year by at least one major news organization. Ewbank and Shula are members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 1978 and 1997 respectively. Six times in Colts history there were interim head coaches. In 1972, Don McCafferty was fired five games into the season. John Sandusky was named as the interim head coach for the rest of the season, during which he led the Colts to a 4\u20135 record, but he was not made the permanent coach the next year. In 1974, head coach Howard Schnellenberger started off the season 0\u20133 and was fired. Joe Thomas assumed the duties of head coach and finished the season at 2\u201312. In 1991, the Colts started off 0\u20135 and Ron Meyer was fired as head coach.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns."], "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#3", "question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "rewrite": "How did Weeb Ewbank feel about retirement?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "Eventually, three NFL teams (Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Baltimore Colts) agreed to move over to join the original AFL franchises of 1960 in what became the American Football Conference. Despite the ongoing merger, it was a commonly held view that the NFL was a far superior league. This was seemingly confirmed by the results of the first two interleague championship games, in January 1967 and 1968, in which the NFL champion Green Bay Packers, coached by the legendary Vince Lombardi, easily defeated the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders. Although publicized as the inter-league championship games, it was not until later that the moniker for this championship contest between the now two conferences (National and American) began having the nickname of \"Super Bowl\" applied to it by the media and later began being counted by using Roman numerals, the creation of the term being credited to the founder of the AFL, Lamar Hunt. The Baltimore Colts had won the 1958 and 1959 NFL championships under Coach Weeb Ewbank. In the following years, however, the Colts failed to make the playoffs, and the Colts dismissed Ewbank after a 7\u20137 record in 1962. He was soon hired by New York's new AFL franchise, which had just changed its name from the Titans to the Jets. In Ewbank's place, Baltimore hired an untested young head coach, Don Shula, who would also go on to become one of the game's greatest coaches. The Colts did well under Shula, despite losing to the Cleveland Browns in the 1964 NFL Championship Game and, in 1965, losing in overtime to the Green Bay Packers in a tie-breaking game to decide the NFL Western Division championship.", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing."], "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#4", "question": "Did he have any hobbies in retirement?", "rewrite": "Did Weeb Ewbank have any hobbies in retirement?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "List of New York Jets head coaches There have been 18 head coaches in the history of the New York Jets football franchise. The team began as the New York Titans in the American Football League in 1960, but was renamed the New York Jets three years later. The Jets remained in the American Football League until the merger with the National Football League prior to the 1970 season. Sammy Baugh became the first head coach of the New York Titans in 1960, serving for two seasons before team owner Harry Wismer replaced him with Clyde \"Bulldog\" Turner. In terms of tenure, Weeb Ewbank has coached more games (158) and more complete seasons (11) than any other head coach in franchise history. He led the Jets to the AFL championship in 1968 and the AFL-NFL championship in Super Bowl III. Walt Michaels led the team to the AFC championship game in 1982; he was also honored as the Pro Football Weekly NFL Coach of the Year and UPI AFC Coach of the Year in 1978. Coaches Baugh, Turner and Ewbank are all members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame; Baugh and Turner were inducted as players, while Ewbank was inducted as a coach/administrator. Twice in Jets history has there been an \"interim\" head coach. In 1975, Charley Winner was fired as head coach after leading the Jets to a 2\u20137 record. The team offensive coordinator Ken Shipp was named the interim coach for the remainder of the season, during which he won only one of five games. Shipp was succeeded by Lou Holtz for the 1976 season. Holtz resigned as Jets head coach with one game left in the 1976 season; Mike Holovak was named interim coach for the season finale against the Cincinnati Bengals. Bill Belichick was twice named head coach of the Jets but never coached a single game or practice in that capacity.", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#5", "question": "Did he have a family?", "rewrite": "Did Weeb Ewbank have a family?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "List of Indianapolis Colts head coaches The Indianapolis Colts are a professional American football team based in Indianapolis, Indiana. They are a member of the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). In 1953, a Baltimore-based group led by Carroll Rosenbloom won the rights to a new Baltimore franchise. Rosenbloom was granted an NFL team, and was awarded the holdings of the defunct Dallas Texans organization. The team was known as the Baltimore Colts for 31 seasons before moving to Indianapolis in March 1984. There have been 19 head coaches for the Colts franchise. Keith Molesworth became the first coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1953, but he was reassigned to a different position with the team following the season. In terms of tenure, Weeb Ewbank has led the team for more games (112) and more complete seasons (nine) than any other head coach. He led the team to two of their NFL championships. Three Colts head coaches; Ewbank, Don Shula (3), and Ted Marchibroda, have been named coach of the year by at least one major news organization. Ewbank and Shula are members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 1978 and 1997 respectively. Six times in Colts history there were interim head coaches. In 1972, Don McCafferty was fired five games into the season. John Sandusky was named as the interim head coach for the rest of the season, during which he led the Colts to a 4\u20135 record, but he was not made the permanent coach the next year. In 1974, head coach Howard Schnellenberger started off the season 0\u20133 and was fired. Joe Thomas assumed the duties of head coach and finished the season at 2\u201312. In 1991, the Colts started off 0\u20135 and Ron Meyer was fired as head coach.", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns."], "answer": {"text": "He and his wife Lucy had three daughters.", "answer_start": 709}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any hobbies in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#6", "question": "What is a highlight of his career?", "rewrite": "What is a highlight of  Weeb Ewbank's career?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "Eventually, three NFL teams (Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Baltimore Colts) agreed to move over to join the original AFL franchises of 1960 in what became the American Football Conference. Despite the ongoing merger, it was a commonly held view that the NFL was a far superior league. This was seemingly confirmed by the results of the first two interleague championship games, in January 1967 and 1968, in which the NFL champion Green Bay Packers, coached by the legendary Vince Lombardi, easily defeated the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders. Although publicized as the inter-league championship games, it was not until later that the moniker for this championship contest between the now two conferences (National and American) began having the nickname of \"Super Bowl\" applied to it by the media and later began being counted by using Roman numerals, the creation of the term being credited to the founder of the AFL, Lamar Hunt. The Baltimore Colts had won the 1958 and 1959 NFL championships under Coach Weeb Ewbank. In the following years, however, the Colts failed to make the playoffs, and the Colts dismissed Ewbank after a 7\u20137 record in 1962. He was soon hired by New York's new AFL franchise, which had just changed its name from the Titans to the Jets. In Ewbank's place, Baltimore hired an untested young head coach, Don Shula, who would also go on to become one of the game's greatest coaches. The Colts did well under Shula, despite losing to the Cleveland Browns in the 1964 NFL Championship Game and, in 1965, losing in overtime to the Green Bay Packers in a tie-breaking game to decide the NFL Western Division championship."], "answer": {"text": "Ewbank is the only man to coach two professional football teams to championships, and the only man to win the NFL championship, the AFL championship and a Super Bowl.", "answer_start": 1185}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any hobbies in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a family?", "answer": {"text": "He and his wife Lucy had three daughters.", "answer_start": 709, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#7", "question": "What teams did he coach for?", "rewrite": "What teams did Weeb Ewbank coach?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Indianapolis Colts head coaches The Indianapolis Colts are a professional American football team based in Indianapolis, Indiana. They are a member of the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). In 1953, a Baltimore-based group led by Carroll Rosenbloom won the rights to a new Baltimore franchise. Rosenbloom was granted an NFL team, and was awarded the holdings of the defunct Dallas Texans organization. The team was known as the Baltimore Colts for 31 seasons before moving to Indianapolis in March 1984. There have been 19 head coaches for the Colts franchise. Keith Molesworth became the first coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1953, but he was reassigned to a different position with the team following the season. In terms of tenure, Weeb Ewbank has led the team for more games (112) and more complete seasons (nine) than any other head coach. He led the team to two of their NFL championships. Three Colts head coaches; Ewbank, Don Shula (3), and Ted Marchibroda, have been named coach of the year by at least one major news organization. Ewbank and Shula are members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 1978 and 1997 respectively. Six times in Colts history there were interim head coaches. In 1972, Don McCafferty was fired five games into the season. John Sandusky was named as the interim head coach for the rest of the season, during which he led the Colts to a 4\u20135 record, but he was not made the permanent coach the next year. In 1974, head coach Howard Schnellenberger started off the season 0\u20133 and was fired. Joe Thomas assumed the duties of head coach and finished the season at 2\u201312. In 1991, the Colts started off 0\u20135 and Ron Meyer was fired as head coach.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "List of New York Jets head coaches There have been 18 head coaches in the history of the New York Jets football franchise. The team began as the New York Titans in the American Football League in 1960, but was renamed the New York Jets three years later. The Jets remained in the American Football League until the merger with the National Football League prior to the 1970 season. Sammy Baugh became the first head coach of the New York Titans in 1960, serving for two seasons before team owner Harry Wismer replaced him with Clyde \"Bulldog\" Turner. In terms of tenure, Weeb Ewbank has coached more games (158) and more complete seasons (11) than any other head coach in franchise history. He led the Jets to the AFL championship in 1968 and the AFL-NFL championship in Super Bowl III. Walt Michaels led the team to the AFC championship game in 1982; he was also honored as the Pro Football Weekly NFL Coach of the Year and UPI AFC Coach of the Year in 1978. Coaches Baugh, Turner and Ewbank are all members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame; Baugh and Turner were inducted as players, while Ewbank was inducted as a coach/administrator. Twice in Jets history has there been an \"interim\" head coach. In 1975, Charley Winner was fired as head coach after leading the Jets to a 2\u20137 record. The team offensive coordinator Ken Shipp was named the interim coach for the remainder of the season, during which he won only one of five games. Shipp was succeeded by Lou Holtz for the 1976 season. Holtz resigned as Jets head coach with one game left in the 1976 season; Mike Holovak was named interim coach for the season finale against the Cincinnati Bengals. Bill Belichick was twice named head coach of the Jets but never coached a single game or practice in that capacity."], "answer": {"text": "Ewbank was selected as the head coach on the AFL All-Time Team", "answer_start": 1456}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any hobbies in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a family?", "answer": {"text": "He and his wife Lucy had three daughters.", "answer_start": 709, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is a highlight of his career?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank is the only man to coach two professional football teams to championships, and the only man to win the NFL championship, the AFL championship and a Super Bowl.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#8", "question": "What did he do in retirement?", "rewrite": "What did Weeb Ewbank do in retirement?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "Eventually, three NFL teams (Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers, and the Baltimore Colts) agreed to move over to join the original AFL franchises of 1960 in what became the American Football Conference. Despite the ongoing merger, it was a commonly held view that the NFL was a far superior league. This was seemingly confirmed by the results of the first two interleague championship games, in January 1967 and 1968, in which the NFL champion Green Bay Packers, coached by the legendary Vince Lombardi, easily defeated the AFL's Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders. Although publicized as the inter-league championship games, it was not until later that the moniker for this championship contest between the now two conferences (National and American) began having the nickname of \"Super Bowl\" applied to it by the media and later began being counted by using Roman numerals, the creation of the term being credited to the founder of the AFL, Lamar Hunt. The Baltimore Colts had won the 1958 and 1959 NFL championships under Coach Weeb Ewbank. In the following years, however, the Colts failed to make the playoffs, and the Colts dismissed Ewbank after a 7\u20137 record in 1962. He was soon hired by New York's new AFL franchise, which had just changed its name from the Titans to the Jets. In Ewbank's place, Baltimore hired an untested young head coach, Don Shula, who would also go on to become one of the game's greatest coaches. The Colts did well under Shula, despite losing to the Cleveland Browns in the 1964 NFL Championship Game and, in 1965, losing in overtime to the Green Bay Packers in a tie-breaking game to decide the NFL Western Division championship.", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing."], "answer": {"text": "wrote a book in 1977 called Football Greats.", "answer_start": 46}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any hobbies in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a family?", "answer": {"text": "He and his wife Lucy had three daughters.", "answer_start": 709, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is a highlight of his career?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank is the only man to coach two professional football teams to championships, and the only man to win the NFL championship, the AFL championship and a Super Bowl.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he coach for?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank was selected as the head coach on the AFL All-Time Team", "answer_start": 1456, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#9", "question": "Did he die?", "rewrite": "Did Weeb Ewbank die?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of New York Jets head coaches There have been 18 head coaches in the history of the New York Jets football franchise. The team began as the New York Titans in the American Football League in 1960, but was renamed the New York Jets three years later. The Jets remained in the American Football League until the merger with the National Football League prior to the 1970 season. Sammy Baugh became the first head coach of the New York Titans in 1960, serving for two seasons before team owner Harry Wismer replaced him with Clyde \"Bulldog\" Turner. In terms of tenure, Weeb Ewbank has coached more games (158) and more complete seasons (11) than any other head coach in franchise history. He led the Jets to the AFL championship in 1968 and the AFL-NFL championship in Super Bowl III. Walt Michaels led the team to the AFC championship game in 1982; he was also honored as the Pro Football Weekly NFL Coach of the Year and UPI AFC Coach of the Year in 1978. Coaches Baugh, Turner and Ewbank are all members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame; Baugh and Turner were inducted as players, while Ewbank was inducted as a coach/administrator. Twice in Jets history has there been an \"interim\" head coach. In 1975, Charley Winner was fired as head coach after leading the Jets to a 2\u20137 record. The team offensive coordinator Ken Shipp was named the interim coach for the remainder of the season, during which he won only one of five games. Shipp was succeeded by Lou Holtz for the 1976 season. Holtz resigned as Jets head coach with one game left in the 1976 season; Mike Holovak was named interim coach for the season finale against the Cincinnati Bengals. Bill Belichick was twice named head coach of the Jets but never coached a single game or practice in that capacity.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns."], "answer": {"text": "Ewbank died at 91 on November 17, 1998,", "answer_start": 590}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any hobbies in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a family?", "answer": {"text": "He and his wife Lucy had three daughters.", "answer_start": 709, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is a highlight of his career?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank is the only man to coach two professional football teams to championships, and the only man to win the NFL championship, the AFL championship and a Super Bowl.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he coach for?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank was selected as the head coach on the AFL All-Time Team", "answer_start": 1456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "wrote a book in 1977 called Football Greats.", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ca1921d121d4a429db6fd6c230e3571_0_q#10", "question": "From what cause?", "rewrite": "What did Weeb Ewbank die from?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sorting Team in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team in the order they won the title game for their team. \u2020 is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Bill Belichick holds the current NFL record for most playoff games coached (42) and most wins by a head coach (31). Vince Lombardi won 90% of his playoff appearances, the record for coaches with more than three games to their credit. While many coaches have won playoff games for 2 teams, only two have won a championship for different franchises. Weeb Ewbank won 1958 and 1959 NFL title with the Baltimore Colts, then won the 1968 AFL crown and Super Bowl with the New York Jets. The other coach to win a championship with two teams was Don Shula. Shula was the NFL champ in 1968 with the Baltimore Colts, but lost in Super Bowl III to the AFL champs coached by Weeb Ewbank. Coach Shula then led the Miami Dolphins to titles in 1972 and 1973. So far, Shula has coached the only no loss, no tie perfect season in NFL history (1972). This table lists every coach who has won a playoff game in the NFL or AFL.If a coach has led multiple teams to the playoffs, the teams are listed in the order of his playoff appearances. Sort chart by clicking on heading. Reload page to return to original form. Sorting 'Teams' in ascending order will list all champion coaches for each team first and in the order they won the title game for their team. From 1960\u20131969, NFL and AFL Champs are listed. Super Bowls listed after the 1970 NFL-AFL merger. \u2020Coach is in the Hall of Fame as a player or a coach \"Updated through the 2018 season.\" All records can be verified at Pro Football reference.com. This is a list of all men that have coached in playoff games that have no wins.", "1973 New York Jets season The 1973 New York Jets season was the fourteenth season for the team and the fourth in the National Football League. It began with the team trying to improve upon its 7\u20137 record from 1972 under head coach Weeb Ewbank. The Jets finished with a record of 4\u201310 in the final season under head coach Weeb Ewbank, with their only wins coming against division rivals New England and Baltimore. The memorandum of understanding signed by team original owner (as the New York Titans) Harry Wismer gave Shea Stadium\u2019s co-tenants, the New York Mets\u2019, exclusive use of the stadium until they had completed their season. The Jets were required to open 1973 with several road games. As the Mets had a long playoff run to the World Series, the Jets' first \"six\" games were on the road. The 1973 season would be the last for legendary coach Weeb Ewbank. Schedule notes: Bibliography  Ryczek, William J. (2009). Crash of the Titans: The Early Years of the New York Jets and the AFL (revised ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. . Chastain, Bill (2010). 100 Things Jets Fans Should Know & Do Before They Die. Chicago: Triumph Books. .", "Charley Winner Charley Winner (born July 2, 1924) is a former a football coach whose professional and personal life was closely intertwined with that of Weeb Ewbank, another coach. Winner was born in Somerville, New Jersey and, during World War II, flew 17 missions in a B-17 Flying Fortress plane, spending six weeks in a German prisoner of war camp. Upon his release from the service he played running back at Washington University in St. Louis, where Weeb Ewbank was head coach. After Ewbank moved on to coach for the Cleveland Browns, Winner took an assistant position with the nearby Case Tech Rough Riders, present-day Case Western Reserve University, while also serving as a scout for the Cleveland Browns. In 1950, he married Ewbank's daughter, Nancy. When Ewbank was hired as head coach of the Baltimore Colts in 1954, Winner went along and helped the team capture NFL titles in both 1958 and 1959. At the conclusion of the 1962 NFL season, Ewbank was dismissed, but Winner stayed under new coach Don Shula from 1963 to 1965. On February 10, 1966, Winner was hired as head coach of the St. Louis Cardinals. In five seasons at the helm, Winner managed a 35-30-5 record, but after failing to reach the postseason, was fired on January 6, 1971. The Cardinals posted winning records in three of Winner's five seasons with the Cardinals, but fell short of the playoffs each time. In 1966 the Cardinals started out 5-0 but lost four of their last five games to finish at 8-5-1 and in fourth place in the NFL East. In 1968 St. Louis finished one-half game behind the Cleveland Browns (9-4-1 to 10-4) in the NFL Century Division despite sweeping both regular-season meetings with the Browns.", "WEEB  WEEB (990 AM) is a radio station licensed to Southern Pines, North Carolina, broadcasting a News/Talk format. The station is currently owned by Pinehurst Broadcasting Corp.  WEEB signed on in 1947 by Jack Spurgeon Younts and Elizabeth M. Younts as the Sandhills Community Broadcasters, Inc. WEEB originally operated on an FCC frequency of 1360 kHz and later moved to 990 kHz with a daytime power of 5000 watts. WEEB only operated sunrise to sunset. In the 70's and 80's WEEB used the slogan, \"The Best of Everything Radio\". WEEB operated with an Adult Contemporary music format using \"The Entertainers\" as the programming music source. WEEB carried the Tobacco Radio Network for North Carolina News, later referred to as the North Carolina News Network (NCNN). WEEB carried ABC Information News at the top of every hour and ABC Entertainment Network News at the bottom of every hour. Also a staple of WEEB was Paul Harvey News and Comment at 8:30AM and 12:30PM, and his \"Rest of the Story\" airing in the afternoons. Both ABC and TN sports were broadcast as well as weather from the TN Network. On January 1, 1982, Younts sold WEEB to the Celebration Radio Group until the late 1980s when the station was resold. In 1990, after WSTS in Laurinburg changed from gospel music to Top 40, WEEB changed from \"older and milder rock music\" to gospel. Jerry Stout, the former WSTS program director and morning host, moved to those same positions at WEEB. Today WEEB is 10,000 watts day, 5,000 watts during critical hours and 26 watts at night. It is a news/talk station serving the Golf Capital of the World. WEEB is owned by \"Steve Leader\" Adams at this latest writing.", "List of New York Jets head coaches There have been 18 head coaches in the history of the New York Jets football franchise. The team began as the New York Titans in the American Football League in 1960, but was renamed the New York Jets three years later. The Jets remained in the American Football League until the merger with the National Football League prior to the 1970 season. Sammy Baugh became the first head coach of the New York Titans in 1960, serving for two seasons before team owner Harry Wismer replaced him with Clyde \"Bulldog\" Turner. In terms of tenure, Weeb Ewbank has coached more games (158) and more complete seasons (11) than any other head coach in franchise history. He led the Jets to the AFL championship in 1968 and the AFL-NFL championship in Super Bowl III. Walt Michaels led the team to the AFC championship game in 1982; he was also honored as the Pro Football Weekly NFL Coach of the Year and UPI AFC Coach of the Year in 1978. Coaches Baugh, Turner and Ewbank are all members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame; Baugh and Turner were inducted as players, while Ewbank was inducted as a coach/administrator. Twice in Jets history has there been an \"interim\" head coach. In 1975, Charley Winner was fired as head coach after leading the Jets to a 2\u20137 record. The team offensive coordinator Ken Shipp was named the interim coach for the remainder of the season, during which he won only one of five games. Shipp was succeeded by Lou Holtz for the 1976 season. Holtz resigned as Jets head coach with one game left in the 1976 season; Mike Holovak was named interim coach for the season finale against the Cincinnati Bengals. Bill Belichick was twice named head coach of the Jets but never coached a single game or practice in that capacity."], "answer": {"text": "from heart problems.", "answer_start": 688}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Weeb Ewbank retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go once he retired?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank moved back to Oxford in retirement", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he honored for his career?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, he was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1969,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did he feel about retirement?", "answer": {"text": "that he was glad to be out of coaching.", "answer_start": 176, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any hobbies in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a family?", "answer": {"text": "He and his wife Lucy had three daughters.", "answer_start": 709, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is a highlight of his career?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank is the only man to coach two professional football teams to championships, and the only man to win the NFL championship, the AFL championship and a Super Bowl.", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he coach for?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank was selected as the head coach on the AFL All-Time Team", "answer_start": 1456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in retirement?", "answer": {"text": "wrote a book in 1977 called Football Greats.", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he die?", "answer": {"text": "Ewbank died at 91 on November 17, 1998,", "answer_start": 590, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3f0f87f6cf6b4e29b9a6b2b228e2468d_0_q#0", "question": "When is Mainstream Records first album debut?", "rewrite": "When is Mainstream Records first album debut?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cathy Young (vocalist)  Cathy Young (born 1951) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She released her first album \"A Spoonful of Cathy Young\" in 1969 and her second album \"Traveled Stained\" in 1973. Young won the Juno Award for Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year in 1974 and was nominated for the Juno Award for Best Female Vocalist in 1975. In November 2017, Cathy Young's image was included on a 70 ft. Mural of Canadian music Icons who have performed at historic Yonge Street music Venues. The 22 storey mural currently is the second tallest in  the world. Created by noted Toronto artist Adrian Hayles. In 1951 Young was born in Toronto, Ontario. She began singing at the age of three and became a busker as a teenager. When she was sixteen, she sang at The Mynah Bird in Yorkville, Toronto. After performing at a Queen's Park concert in 1967 Young was signed by the manager of the Canadian band Nucleus. Young released her debut album \"A Spoonful Of Cathy Young\" in 1969 on Mainstream Records. Her first album was named a Pick of the Week by Billboard magazine in May 1969. In 1973, Young released her second album \"Travel Stained\" on GRT Records. While she continues her music career, Young has portrayed Mary Magdalene in Robert Stigwood's musical Jesus Christ Superstar and voice acted for multiple video games including part of The Black Mirror series. She also has voice directed the English version of the award winning video game \" Drakensang, River of Time \". Young was also a founding member of the Spirit of Yorkville Alumni, and the Spirit of Yorkville Music Festival in Toronto. In 1974, Young won the Juno Award for Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year. The following year, she was nominated for the Juno Award for Best Female Artist.", "Mainstream Records Mainstream Records was an American record company and independent record label founded by music producer Bob Shad in 1964. Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, first appeared on Mainstream. In 1978 Mainstream closed. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy in 1993. The Mainstream 56000/ S6000 Series commenced in 1964 when the label was established by Bob Shad and ran until 1971 and initially reissued material from Commodore Records and Time Records in addition to some new jazz recordings, then soundtracks, before branching into psychedelic rock around 1966. The Mainstream 300 Series commenced in 1971 as the label focussed more on funk/soul and jazz artists as well as reissuing jazz LP's originally released on Time Records before the label folded around 1976.", "Bob Shad Robert \"Bob\" Shad (born Abraham Shadrinsky; February 12, 1920 \u2013 March 13, 1985) was an American record producer and record label owner. He produced the first album by Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin). Among his more successful labels were Time Records, Brent Records, and Mainstream Records. Shad's career as a producer began with Savoy Records and National Records in the 1940s, producing Charlie Parker in addition to blues and R&B material. He founded the first of several labels, Sittin' In With, in 1948, where he produced Lightnin' Hopkins, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, Smokey Hogg, Peppermint Harris, Curley Weaver, and others. In 1951, he was named director of A&R at Mercury Records, where he founded the EmArcy label. There he produced, among others, jazz musicians Sarah Vaughan, Maynard Ferguson, the Clifford Brown/Max Roach quintet, Billy Eckstine and Dinah Washington. He also worked in pop (with Patti Page, Vic Damone, and The Platters) and blues (with Hopkins again and Big Bill Broonzy). Shad formed the Time label in the mid-to-late 1950s and besides the jazz and cocktail pop albums, he had hits with The Bell Notes, and on his Shad label, The Knockouts and The Beau-Marks. He also formed the Brent label (primarily for West Coast signings) and had hits with Skip & Flip, The Chevrons and Bertha Tillman. In 1964 he founded Mainstream Records, where he both reissued his old material and produced new recordings from Shelly Manne, Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Haynes, Blue Mitchell, Buddy Terry, and Pete Yellin.", "List of songs recorded by Morgana King The following is a detailed songlist for Morgana King, which includes composers, album date and title from the years 1956 to the present. Her albums \"Airs de Cour\" (Mainstream Records 1022), \"Bidin' My Time\", \"Morgana King\" - 2 LPs (Roulette Records), \"Morgana King Sings Just For You\" and \"The Best of Morgana King\" * (Mainstream Records) are not included due to the lack of an available track listing.", "Big Brother &amp; the Holding Company (album) Big Brother & the Holding Company is the debut album of Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin, their main singer. Recorded during three days in December 1966 for Mainstream Records, it was released in the summer of 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, adding two extra tracks, and putting Joplin's name on the cover. Several tracks on the album were released as singles, the most successful being \"Down on Me\" on its second release, in 1968. The band signed to Bob Shad's local record label Mainstream Records while stranded in Chicago after a promoter ran out of money when their concerts did not attract the expected attendance. Initial recordings took place in Chicago in September 1966, but these were not satisfactory, and the band returned to San Francisco. The band recorded the tracks \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\" in Los Angeles, and these were released by Mainstream as a single, which did not sell well. After playing at a \"happening\" in Stanford in early December 1966, the band travelled to Los Angeles to record 10 tracks between 12 and 14 December 1966, produced by Bob Shad. The album was released by Mainstream Records in August 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Two tracks, \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", were released separately as a single, while the tracks from the previous single, \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\", were added to the remaining eight tracks. When Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, they included \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", and put \"featuring Janis Joplin\" on the cover."], "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67,", "answer_start": 1070}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3f0f87f6cf6b4e29b9a6b2b228e2468d_0_q#1", "question": "What was the album called?", "rewrite": "What was the Mainstream Records first album called?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Big Brother &amp; the Holding Company (album) Big Brother & the Holding Company is the debut album of Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin, their main singer. Recorded during three days in December 1966 for Mainstream Records, it was released in the summer of 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, adding two extra tracks, and putting Joplin's name on the cover. Several tracks on the album were released as singles, the most successful being \"Down on Me\" on its second release, in 1968. The band signed to Bob Shad's local record label Mainstream Records while stranded in Chicago after a promoter ran out of money when their concerts did not attract the expected attendance. Initial recordings took place in Chicago in September 1966, but these were not satisfactory, and the band returned to San Francisco. The band recorded the tracks \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\" in Los Angeles, and these were released by Mainstream as a single, which did not sell well. After playing at a \"happening\" in Stanford in early December 1966, the band travelled to Los Angeles to record 10 tracks between 12 and 14 December 1966, produced by Bob Shad. The album was released by Mainstream Records in August 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Two tracks, \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", were released separately as a single, while the tracks from the previous single, \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\", were added to the remaining eight tracks. When Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, they included \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", and put \"featuring Janis Joplin\" on the cover.", "List of songs recorded by Morgana King The following is a detailed songlist for Morgana King, which includes composers, album date and title from the years 1956 to the present. Her albums \"Airs de Cour\" (Mainstream Records 1022), \"Bidin' My Time\", \"Morgana King\" - 2 LPs (Roulette Records), \"Morgana King Sings Just For You\" and \"The Best of Morgana King\" * (Mainstream Records) are not included due to the lack of an available track listing.", "Mainstream Records Mainstream Records was an American record company and independent record label founded by music producer Bob Shad in 1964. Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, first appeared on Mainstream. In 1978 Mainstream closed. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy in 1993. The Mainstream 56000/ S6000 Series commenced in 1964 when the label was established by Bob Shad and ran until 1971 and initially reissued material from Commodore Records and Time Records in addition to some new jazz recordings, then soundtracks, before branching into psychedelic rock around 1966. The Mainstream 300 Series commenced in 1971 as the label focussed more on funk/soul and jazz artists as well as reissuing jazz LP's originally released on Time Records before the label folded around 1976.", "Cathy Young (vocalist)  Cathy Young (born 1951) is a Canadian singer and songwriter. She released her first album \"A Spoonful of Cathy Young\" in 1969 and her second album \"Traveled Stained\" in 1973. Young won the Juno Award for Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year in 1974 and was nominated for the Juno Award for Best Female Vocalist in 1975. In November 2017, Cathy Young's image was included on a 70 ft. Mural of Canadian music Icons who have performed at historic Yonge Street music Venues. The 22 storey mural currently is the second tallest in  the world. Created by noted Toronto artist Adrian Hayles. In 1951 Young was born in Toronto, Ontario. She began singing at the age of three and became a busker as a teenager. When she was sixteen, she sang at The Mynah Bird in Yorkville, Toronto. After performing at a Queen's Park concert in 1967 Young was signed by the manager of the Canadian band Nucleus. Young released her debut album \"A Spoonful Of Cathy Young\" in 1969 on Mainstream Records. Her first album was named a Pick of the Week by Billboard magazine in May 1969. In 1973, Young released her second album \"Travel Stained\" on GRT Records. While she continues her music career, Young has portrayed Mary Magdalene in Robert Stigwood's musical Jesus Christ Superstar and voice acted for multiple video games including part of The Black Mirror series. She also has voice directed the English version of the award winning video game \" Drakensang, River of Time \". Young was also a founding member of the Spirit of Yorkville Alumni, and the Spirit of Yorkville Music Festival in Toronto. In 1974, Young won the Juno Award for Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year. The following year, she was nominated for the Juno Award for Best Female Artist.", "Bob Shad Robert \"Bob\" Shad (born Abraham Shadrinsky; February 12, 1920 \u2013 March 13, 1985) was an American record producer and record label owner. He produced the first album by Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin). Among his more successful labels were Time Records, Brent Records, and Mainstream Records. Shad's career as a producer began with Savoy Records and National Records in the 1940s, producing Charlie Parker in addition to blues and R&B material. He founded the first of several labels, Sittin' In With, in 1948, where he produced Lightnin' Hopkins, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, Smokey Hogg, Peppermint Harris, Curley Weaver, and others. In 1951, he was named director of A&R at Mercury Records, where he founded the EmArcy label. There he produced, among others, jazz musicians Sarah Vaughan, Maynard Ferguson, the Clifford Brown/Max Roach quintet, Billy Eckstine and Dinah Washington. He also worked in pop (with Patti Page, Vic Damone, and The Platters) and blues (with Hopkins again and Big Bill Broonzy). Shad formed the Time label in the mid-to-late 1950s and besides the jazz and cocktail pop albums, he had hits with The Bell Notes, and on his Shad label, The Knockouts and The Beau-Marks. He also formed the Brent label (primarily for West Coast signings) and had hits with Skip & Flip, The Chevrons and Bertha Tillman. In 1964 he founded Mainstream Records, where he both reissued his old material and produced new recordings from Shelly Manne, Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Haynes, Blue Mitchell, Buddy Terry, and Pete Yellin."], "answer": {"text": "They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company", "answer_start": 116}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When is Mainstream Records first album debut?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67,", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3f0f87f6cf6b4e29b9a6b2b228e2468d_0_q#2", "question": "What was one of the songs?", "rewrite": "What was one of the songs that Mainstream Records recorded for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cheap Thrills (Big Brother and the Holding Company album) Cheap Thrills is a studio album by American rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company. It was their last album with Janis Joplin as lead singer. For \"Cheap Thrills\", the band and producer John Simon incorporated recordings of crowd noise to give the impression of a live album, for which it was subsequently mistaken by listeners. Only the final song, a cover of \"Ball and Chain\", had been recorded live (at The Fillmore in San Francisco). \"Cheap Thrills\" reached number one on the charts for eight nonconsecutive weeks in 1968. Big Brother obtained a considerable amount of attention after their 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival, and had released their debut album, the eponymously titled \"Big Brother and the Holding Company\", soon after. The followup, \"Cheap Thrills\", was a great success, reaching number one on the charts for eight nonconsecutive weeks in 1968. Columbia Records offered the band a new recording contract, but it took months to get through since they were still signed to Mainstream Records. The album features three cover songs (\"Summertime\", \"Piece of My Heart\" and \"Ball and Chain\"). The album also features Bill Graham, who introduces the band at the beginning of \"Combination of the Two\". The album's overall raw sound effectively captures the band's energetic and lively concerts. The LP was released in both stereo and mono formats with the original monophonic pressing now a rare collector's item. The album had been considered for quadraphonic format in the early 70's and eventually in 2002, was released as a Multichannel Sony SACD. The original quadraphonic mix remains unreleased.", "Big Brother &amp; the Holding Company (album) Big Brother & the Holding Company is the debut album of Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin, their main singer. Recorded during three days in December 1966 for Mainstream Records, it was released in the summer of 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, adding two extra tracks, and putting Joplin's name on the cover. Several tracks on the album were released as singles, the most successful being \"Down on Me\" on its second release, in 1968. The band signed to Bob Shad's local record label Mainstream Records while stranded in Chicago after a promoter ran out of money when their concerts did not attract the expected attendance. Initial recordings took place in Chicago in September 1966, but these were not satisfactory, and the band returned to San Francisco. The band recorded the tracks \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\" in Los Angeles, and these were released by Mainstream as a single, which did not sell well. After playing at a \"happening\" in Stanford in early December 1966, the band travelled to Los Angeles to record 10 tracks between 12 and 14 December 1966, produced by Bob Shad. The album was released by Mainstream Records in August 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Two tracks, \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", were released separately as a single, while the tracks from the previous single, \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\", were added to the remaining eight tracks. When Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, they included \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", and put \"featuring Janis Joplin\" on the cover.", "Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Performers: Levon Helm Band, Mountain, Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Notes: This was the site of the original Woodstock Festival and held on the 40th anniversary of the first day, Friday August 15, 1969. Blind 15-year-old musician Conrad Oberg opened up the show. Jocko Marcellino from Sha Na Na performed a song backed by Canned Heat. Gary Duncan guested with Jefferson Starship. Leslie West married his fianc\u00e9 Jenny Maurer on stage to a sold out audience at the end of Mountain's set. Japanese vocalist Shiho Ochi of Superfly performed with Big Brother and the Holding Company singing \"Down On Me\" and \"Piece of My Heart\" as part of her \"Following the Steps of Janis\" documentary on the Music On! TV channel. Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Edgar Winter, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald, Randy Hansen Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald Performers: Jefferson Starship,", "In September 1966, with no money to return to San Francisco, Big Brother signed a contract with Mainstream Records. They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company in a studio in Chicago at the end of their four-week stint at Mother Blues on Wells Street. The club had paid them for only the first two weeks.' The remainder of the record was recorded in Los Angeles on December 12-14. Mainstream was known for its jazz records, and Big Brother was the first rock band to appear on the label. This may have influenced the final result, since the album sounded very different from what the band expected: acoustic and folk instead of heavy acid rock. The first single released was \"Blind Man\" b/w \"All Is Loneliness,\" both from the album sessions, in July 1967. It was popular in the San Francisco Bay Area, but did not garner much national attention. A second single, \"Down on Me\" b/w \"Call On Me\" was released along with their self-titled debut album in August 1967, following the band's national success after the Monterey Pop Festival. The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67, peaking at No. 60. It stayed on the charts for a total of 30 weeks. The Pop Chronicles criticized the record as difficult to find and \"technically disappointing\". \"Down On Me\" had a long gestation in the marketplace and finally debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on 8/31/68, peaking at No. 43. It stayed on the charts for 8 weeks. Other singles from the album were released through the end of 1967 and 1968. One final Mainstream single, \"Coo Coo\" b/w \"The Last Time,\" was released after the band's second album was issued by Columbia Records in November, 1968.", "Mainstream Records Mainstream Records was an American record company and independent record label founded by music producer Bob Shad in 1964. Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, first appeared on Mainstream. In 1978 Mainstream closed. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy in 1993. The Mainstream 56000/ S6000 Series commenced in 1964 when the label was established by Bob Shad and ran until 1971 and initially reissued material from Commodore Records and Time Records in addition to some new jazz recordings, then soundtracks, before branching into psychedelic rock around 1966. The Mainstream 300 Series commenced in 1971 as the label focussed more on funk/soul and jazz artists as well as reissuing jazz LP's originally released on Time Records before the label folded around 1976."], "answer": {"text": "The first single released was \"Blind Man\"", "answer_start": 681}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When is Mainstream Records first album debut?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67,", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3f0f87f6cf6b4e29b9a6b2b228e2468d_0_q#3", "question": "Were these four songs successful?", "rewrite": "Were the four songs  that Mainstream Records recorded for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Performers: Levon Helm Band, Mountain, Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Notes: This was the site of the original Woodstock Festival and held on the 40th anniversary of the first day, Friday August 15, 1969. Blind 15-year-old musician Conrad Oberg opened up the show. Jocko Marcellino from Sha Na Na performed a song backed by Canned Heat. Gary Duncan guested with Jefferson Starship. Leslie West married his fianc\u00e9 Jenny Maurer on stage to a sold out audience at the end of Mountain's set. Japanese vocalist Shiho Ochi of Superfly performed with Big Brother and the Holding Company singing \"Down On Me\" and \"Piece of My Heart\" as part of her \"Following the Steps of Janis\" documentary on the Music On! TV channel. Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald  Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Edgar Winter, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald, Randy Hansen Performers: Jefferson Starship, Ten Years After, Canned Heat, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Tom Constanten, Country Joe McDonald Performers: Jefferson Starship,", "Mainstream Records Mainstream Records was an American record company and independent record label founded by music producer Bob Shad in 1964. Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, first appeared on Mainstream. In 1978 Mainstream closed. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy in 1993. The Mainstream 56000/ S6000 Series commenced in 1964 when the label was established by Bob Shad and ran until 1971 and initially reissued material from Commodore Records and Time Records in addition to some new jazz recordings, then soundtracks, before branching into psychedelic rock around 1966. The Mainstream 300 Series commenced in 1971 as the label focussed more on funk/soul and jazz artists as well as reissuing jazz LP's originally released on Time Records before the label folded around 1976.", "In September 1966, with no money to return to San Francisco, Big Brother signed a contract with Mainstream Records. They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company in a studio in Chicago at the end of their four-week stint at Mother Blues on Wells Street. The club had paid them for only the first two weeks.' The remainder of the record was recorded in Los Angeles on December 12-14. Mainstream was known for its jazz records, and Big Brother was the first rock band to appear on the label. This may have influenced the final result, since the album sounded very different from what the band expected: acoustic and folk instead of heavy acid rock. The first single released was \"Blind Man\" b/w \"All Is Loneliness,\" both from the album sessions, in July 1967. It was popular in the San Francisco Bay Area, but did not garner much national attention. A second single, \"Down on Me\" b/w \"Call On Me\" was released along with their self-titled debut album in August 1967, following the band's national success after the Monterey Pop Festival. The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67, peaking at No. 60. It stayed on the charts for a total of 30 weeks. The Pop Chronicles criticized the record as difficult to find and \"technically disappointing\". \"Down On Me\" had a long gestation in the marketplace and finally debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on 8/31/68, peaking at No. 43. It stayed on the charts for 8 weeks. Other singles from the album were released through the end of 1967 and 1968. One final Mainstream single, \"Coo Coo\" b/w \"The Last Time,\" was released after the band's second album was issued by Columbia Records in November, 1968.", "Big Brother &amp; the Holding Company (album) Big Brother & the Holding Company is the debut album of Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin, their main singer. Recorded during three days in December 1966 for Mainstream Records, it was released in the summer of 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, adding two extra tracks, and putting Joplin's name on the cover. Several tracks on the album were released as singles, the most successful being \"Down on Me\" on its second release, in 1968. The band signed to Bob Shad's local record label Mainstream Records while stranded in Chicago after a promoter ran out of money when their concerts did not attract the expected attendance. Initial recordings took place in Chicago in September 1966, but these were not satisfactory, and the band returned to San Francisco. The band recorded the tracks \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\" in Los Angeles, and these were released by Mainstream as a single, which did not sell well. After playing at a \"happening\" in Stanford in early December 1966, the band travelled to Los Angeles to record 10 tracks between 12 and 14 December 1966, produced by Bob Shad. The album was released by Mainstream Records in August 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Two tracks, \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", were released separately as a single, while the tracks from the previous single, \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\", were added to the remaining eight tracks. When Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, they included \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", and put \"featuring Janis Joplin\" on the cover.", "Cheap Thrills (Big Brother and the Holding Company album) Cheap Thrills is a studio album by American rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company. It was their last album with Janis Joplin as lead singer. For \"Cheap Thrills\", the band and producer John Simon incorporated recordings of crowd noise to give the impression of a live album, for which it was subsequently mistaken by listeners. Only the final song, a cover of \"Ball and Chain\", had been recorded live (at The Fillmore in San Francisco). \"Cheap Thrills\" reached number one on the charts for eight nonconsecutive weeks in 1968. Big Brother obtained a considerable amount of attention after their 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival, and had released their debut album, the eponymously titled \"Big Brother and the Holding Company\", soon after. The followup, \"Cheap Thrills\", was a great success, reaching number one on the charts for eight nonconsecutive weeks in 1968. Columbia Records offered the band a new recording contract, but it took months to get through since they were still signed to Mainstream Records. The album features three cover songs (\"Summertime\", \"Piece of My Heart\" and \"Ball and Chain\"). The album also features Bill Graham, who introduces the band at the beginning of \"Combination of the Two\". The album's overall raw sound effectively captures the band's energetic and lively concerts. The LP was released in both stereo and mono formats with the original monophonic pressing now a rare collector's item. The album had been considered for quadraphonic format in the early 70's and eventually in 2002, was released as a Multichannel Sony SACD. The original quadraphonic mix remains unreleased."], "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67, peaking at No. 60. It stayed on the charts for a total of 30 weeks.", "answer_start": 1070}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When is Mainstream Records first album debut?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67,", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of the songs?", "answer": {"text": "The first single released was \"Blind Man\"", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3f0f87f6cf6b4e29b9a6b2b228e2468d_0_q#4", "question": "Did they release any other albums?", "rewrite": "Besides the album Big Brother & the Holding Company, Did Mainstream Records release any other albums?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In September 1966, with no money to return to San Francisco, Big Brother signed a contract with Mainstream Records. They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company in a studio in Chicago at the end of their four-week stint at Mother Blues on Wells Street. The club had paid them for only the first two weeks.' The remainder of the record was recorded in Los Angeles on December 12-14. Mainstream was known for its jazz records, and Big Brother was the first rock band to appear on the label. This may have influenced the final result, since the album sounded very different from what the band expected: acoustic and folk instead of heavy acid rock. The first single released was \"Blind Man\" b/w \"All Is Loneliness,\" both from the album sessions, in July 1967. It was popular in the San Francisco Bay Area, but did not garner much national attention. A second single, \"Down on Me\" b/w \"Call On Me\" was released along with their self-titled debut album in August 1967, following the band's national success after the Monterey Pop Festival. The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67, peaking at No. 60. It stayed on the charts for a total of 30 weeks. The Pop Chronicles criticized the record as difficult to find and \"technically disappointing\". \"Down On Me\" had a long gestation in the marketplace and finally debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on 8/31/68, peaking at No. 43. It stayed on the charts for 8 weeks. Other singles from the album were released through the end of 1967 and 1968. One final Mainstream single, \"Coo Coo\" b/w \"The Last Time,\" was released after the band's second album was issued by Columbia Records in November, 1968.", "Big Brother &amp; the Holding Company (album) Big Brother & the Holding Company is the debut album of Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin, their main singer. Recorded during three days in December 1966 for Mainstream Records, it was released in the summer of 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, adding two extra tracks, and putting Joplin's name on the cover. Several tracks on the album were released as singles, the most successful being \"Down on Me\" on its second release, in 1968. The band signed to Bob Shad's local record label Mainstream Records while stranded in Chicago after a promoter ran out of money when their concerts did not attract the expected attendance. Initial recordings took place in Chicago in September 1966, but these were not satisfactory, and the band returned to San Francisco. The band recorded the tracks \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\" in Los Angeles, and these were released by Mainstream as a single, which did not sell well. After playing at a \"happening\" in Stanford in early December 1966, the band travelled to Los Angeles to record 10 tracks between 12 and 14 December 1966, produced by Bob Shad. The album was released by Mainstream Records in August 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Two tracks, \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", were released separately as a single, while the tracks from the previous single, \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\", were added to the remaining eight tracks. When Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, they included \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", and put \"featuring Janis Joplin\" on the cover.", "Mainstream Records Mainstream Records was an American record company and independent record label founded by music producer Bob Shad in 1964. Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, first appeared on Mainstream. In 1978 Mainstream closed. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy in 1993. The Mainstream 56000/ S6000 Series commenced in 1964 when the label was established by Bob Shad and ran until 1971 and initially reissued material from Commodore Records and Time Records in addition to some new jazz recordings, then soundtracks, before branching into psychedelic rock around 1966. The Mainstream 300 Series commenced in 1971 as the label focussed more on funk/soul and jazz artists as well as reissuing jazz LP's originally released on Time Records before the label folded around 1976.", "Cheap Thrills (Big Brother and the Holding Company album) Cheap Thrills is a studio album by American rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company. It was their last album with Janis Joplin as lead singer. For \"Cheap Thrills\", the band and producer John Simon incorporated recordings of crowd noise to give the impression of a live album, for which it was subsequently mistaken by listeners. Only the final song, a cover of \"Ball and Chain\", had been recorded live (at The Fillmore in San Francisco). \"Cheap Thrills\" reached number one on the charts for eight nonconsecutive weeks in 1968. Big Brother obtained a considerable amount of attention after their 1967 performance at the Monterey Pop Festival, and had released their debut album, the eponymously titled \"Big Brother and the Holding Company\", soon after. The followup, \"Cheap Thrills\", was a great success, reaching number one on the charts for eight nonconsecutive weeks in 1968. Columbia Records offered the band a new recording contract, but it took months to get through since they were still signed to Mainstream Records. The album features three cover songs (\"Summertime\", \"Piece of My Heart\" and \"Ball and Chain\"). The album also features Bill Graham, who introduces the band at the beginning of \"Combination of the Two\". The album's overall raw sound effectively captures the band's energetic and lively concerts. The LP was released in both stereo and mono formats with the original monophonic pressing now a rare collector's item. The album had been considered for quadraphonic format in the early 70's and eventually in 2002, was released as a Multichannel Sony SACD. The original quadraphonic mix remains unreleased.", "Bob Shad Robert \"Bob\" Shad (born Abraham Shadrinsky; February 12, 1920 \u2013 March 13, 1985) was an American record producer and record label owner. He produced the first album by Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin). Among his more successful labels were Time Records, Brent Records, and Mainstream Records. Shad's career as a producer began with Savoy Records and National Records in the 1940s, producing Charlie Parker in addition to blues and R&B material. He founded the first of several labels, Sittin' In With, in 1948, where he produced Lightnin' Hopkins, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, Smokey Hogg, Peppermint Harris, Curley Weaver, and others. In 1951, he was named director of A&R at Mercury Records, where he founded the EmArcy label. There he produced, among others, jazz musicians Sarah Vaughan, Maynard Ferguson, the Clifford Brown/Max Roach quintet, Billy Eckstine and Dinah Washington. He also worked in pop (with Patti Page, Vic Damone, and The Platters) and blues (with Hopkins again and Big Bill Broonzy). Shad formed the Time label in the mid-to-late 1950s and besides the jazz and cocktail pop albums, he had hits with The Bell Notes, and on his Shad label, The Knockouts and The Beau-Marks. He also formed the Brent label (primarily for West Coast signings) and had hits with Skip & Flip, The Chevrons and Bertha Tillman. In 1964 he founded Mainstream Records, where he both reissued his old material and produced new recordings from Shelly Manne, Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Haynes, Blue Mitchell, Buddy Terry, and Pete Yellin."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When is Mainstream Records first album debut?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67,", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of the songs?", "answer": {"text": "The first single released was \"Blind Man\"", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these four songs successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67, peaking at No. 60. It stayed on the charts for a total of 30 weeks.", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3f0f87f6cf6b4e29b9a6b2b228e2468d_0_q#5", "question": "Did they tour?", "rewrite": "Did Mainstream Records tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bob Shad Robert \"Bob\" Shad (born Abraham Shadrinsky; February 12, 1920 \u2013 March 13, 1985) was an American record producer and record label owner. He produced the first album by Big Brother and the Holding Company (featuring Janis Joplin). Among his more successful labels were Time Records, Brent Records, and Mainstream Records. Shad's career as a producer began with Savoy Records and National Records in the 1940s, producing Charlie Parker in addition to blues and R&B material. He founded the first of several labels, Sittin' In With, in 1948, where he produced Lightnin' Hopkins, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, Smokey Hogg, Peppermint Harris, Curley Weaver, and others. In 1951, he was named director of A&R at Mercury Records, where he founded the EmArcy label. There he produced, among others, jazz musicians Sarah Vaughan, Maynard Ferguson, the Clifford Brown/Max Roach quintet, Billy Eckstine and Dinah Washington. He also worked in pop (with Patti Page, Vic Damone, and The Platters) and blues (with Hopkins again and Big Bill Broonzy). Shad formed the Time label in the mid-to-late 1950s and besides the jazz and cocktail pop albums, he had hits with The Bell Notes, and on his Shad label, The Knockouts and The Beau-Marks. He also formed the Brent label (primarily for West Coast signings) and had hits with Skip & Flip, The Chevrons and Bertha Tillman. In 1964 he founded Mainstream Records, where he both reissued his old material and produced new recordings from Shelly Manne, Dizzy Gillespie, Roy Haynes, Blue Mitchell, Buddy Terry, and Pete Yellin.", "InVogue Records InVogue Records is an American record company based in Findlay, Ohio. It was founded by Nick Moore, lead singer of Before Their Eyes, in 2009. In the fall of 2011 InVogue Records signed a distribution deal with Independent Label Group (owned by Warner Music Group) and Alternative Distribution Alliance. In the summer of 2014, InVogue Records announced the inaugural InVogue Records Tour, in partnership with MerchNow, featuring Famous Last Words, Whether I, For All I Am, and Until We Are Ghosts. The tour wrapped around the midwest (where the label is based), as well as dates on the east coast. In the fall of 2015, Nick Moore announced on Twitter that Hotel Books would be embarking on the next InVogue Tour. In the fall of that year, Hotel Books announced the \"Run Wild, Young Beauty\" tour, named after their debut full-length album. Due to the album-branded title, and the package's addition of Tragic Hero Records band Bad Luck, it was unclear if this tour was truly the annual InVogue Records Tour. Hotel Books took out label mates Motives and Until We Are Ghosts on this tour as well. Spring 2016 came the official announcement of a proper InVogue Records Tour featuring Hotel Books. The tour was co-headlined by Dayseeker, and included Convictions as support. This tour hit the west coast, midwest and east coast, but the first date, in San Diego, CA, was without Hotel Books due to their vocalist, Cam Smith, having a concussion. An east coast InVogue Records Tour took place in the fall featuring Convictions, Everyone Dies in Utah, Glass Houses and Conspire. The fall edition of the tour also included a stop at So What?! Music Festival in Dallas, Texas.", "Mainstream Records Mainstream Records was an American record company and independent record label founded by music producer Bob Shad in 1964. Mainstream's early releases were reissues from Commodore Records. Its catalogue grew to include Bob Brookmeyer, Maynard Ferguson, Jim Hall, Helen Merrill, Carmen McRae, Jimmy Raney, Zoot Sims, Clark Terry, and Sarah Vaughan. Janis Joplin, with Big Brother and the Holding Company, first appeared on Mainstream. In 1978 Mainstream closed. Bob Shad died in 1985. In 1990, the label was restarted by his daughter, Tamara, and Humphrey Walwyn, the former head of BBC Records. It was bought by Legacy in 1993. The Mainstream 56000/ S6000 Series commenced in 1964 when the label was established by Bob Shad and ran until 1971 and initially reissued material from Commodore Records and Time Records in addition to some new jazz recordings, then soundtracks, before branching into psychedelic rock around 1966. The Mainstream 300 Series commenced in 1971 as the label focussed more on funk/soul and jazz artists as well as reissuing jazz LP's originally released on Time Records before the label folded around 1976.", "Big Brother &amp; the Holding Company (album) Big Brother & the Holding Company is the debut album of Big Brother and the Holding Company, with Janis Joplin, their main singer. Recorded during three days in December 1966 for Mainstream Records, it was released in the summer of 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, adding two extra tracks, and putting Joplin's name on the cover. Several tracks on the album were released as singles, the most successful being \"Down on Me\" on its second release, in 1968. The band signed to Bob Shad's local record label Mainstream Records while stranded in Chicago after a promoter ran out of money when their concerts did not attract the expected attendance. Initial recordings took place in Chicago in September 1966, but these were not satisfactory, and the band returned to San Francisco. The band recorded the tracks \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\" in Los Angeles, and these were released by Mainstream as a single, which did not sell well. After playing at a \"happening\" in Stanford in early December 1966, the band travelled to Los Angeles to record 10 tracks between 12 and 14 December 1966, produced by Bob Shad. The album was released by Mainstream Records in August 1967, shortly after the band's major success at the Monterey Pop Festival. Two tracks, \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", were released separately as a single, while the tracks from the previous single, \"Blindman\" and \"All Is Loneliness\", were added to the remaining eight tracks. When Columbia took over the band's contract and re-released the album, they included \"Coo Coo\" and \"The Last Time\", and put \"featuring Janis Joplin\" on the cover.", "Whilst not called a Good To Go Tour, 2004's Brand New Hero Records Tour was a precursor to what eventually became the Good To Go Tour. In September/October 2004, this twelve date UK tour featured The Littlest Man Band, Suburban Legends and Army Of Freshmen, who made a return the following year as part of the first Good To Go Tour. In October 2005 the inaugural Good To Go Tour ran between the 20th-29th inclusive, featuring: The tour took in the following dates: July and August 2006 saw the second Good To Go Tour, featuring a line-up of:   Failsafe - whilst not playing the entire tour - played the Carling Academy dates and a select few. The tour ran from 25 July to 7 August inclusive. The third tour took place in May 2007, with a line-up of: Army Of Freshmen was originally scheduled to play all fifteen of the dates but had to pull out of the final five due to other tour commitments. The tour was scheduled for the following dates: The first Good To Go Tour of 2008 took place in February, with a line-up of: The tour took in the following dates:  MxPx then departed from the tour. Punchline and The Get Go continued for a further four shows. The second Good To Go Tour of 2008 took place in July, and featured: The tour took in the following dates: In April 2009 there was a three date 'Funsize' Good To Go Tour. The short length was due to The Aquabats! only being able to play three UK shows before their appearance at Groezrock Festival in Belgium. With support from Allbright at the London show only, this three date tour featured: The tour took in the following dates:  As well as the Good To Go Tour and the 2004 Brand New Hero Records Tour, the organisers of the Good"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When is Mainstream Records first album debut?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67,", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "They recorded four of the songs for the album Big Brother & the Holding Company", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of the songs?", "answer": {"text": "The first single released was \"Blind Man\"", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these four songs successful?", "answer": {"text": "The album debuted on Billboard charts on 9/2/67, peaking at No. 60. It stayed on the charts for a total of 30 weeks.", "answer_start": 1070, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any other albums?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#0", "question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "rewrite": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["2007 also saw Ohene's third full-length studio album, \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\". A tribute to the works and life of Nina Simone, written and produced solely by Ohene, each song represents a hip-hop reimagination of a Nina Simone's originals with slight variations in subject matter. The album ends with the track \"Nina Simone By O (Bio),\" an audio biography of Simone, including her discography. After being urged to review \"Mysterion 7\" and \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\" by his students, Princeton University professor and social commentator Dr. Cornel West referred to Ohene's work as \"genius.\" In 2008, Ohene returned to Ghana, West Africa to showcase his talents as part of the Bob Marley 61st Anniversary Birthday Show. He also released the instrumental jazz album \"Without Words\", which led to an introduction to legendary producer James Mtume, who now serves as Ohene's manager and mentor. That same year, Ohene began working on a new album, to be executively produced by Mtume, that promised another reinvention of Ohene's production and songwriting. This highly anticipated album will feature such greats as Tawatha Agee (lead singer of the legendary R & B group \"Mtume\") and Miles Davis' lone prot\u00e9g\u00e9 trumpeter Wallace Roney. In 2009, a life-threatening car accident while on the way to meet Mtume at Kiss FM in New York delayed the album's release. While continuing to work on his own music, Ohene also served as the main producer for jazz legend Jimmy Heath's Big Band/ Hip Hop Fusion album. Heath mentions Ohene in his book \"I Walked With Giants: The Autobiography of Jimmy Heath\", which was released in 2010.", "Nina Simone Sings Ellington Nina Simone Sings Ellington is an album by American singer and pianist Nina Simone. The album contains songs that were originally composed and recorded by Duke Ellington. Simone is complemented by the Malcolm Dodds Singers. The cover photo features just Nina Simone's head in full colour. Nina says about this picture in her autobiography \"I Put A Spell On You\" (1992) that the picture was originally a full size picture of Simone's body. However, because Nina was pregnant with her daughter Lisa at that time, the photographer tried various positions to hide Nina's stomach. He failed in this most probably, and that is why just Simone's head was used out of the full picture. A leftover shot of Nina from this session, featuring a pose from her chest up, was later used on her 1966 album, \"Nina Simone with Strings\". All songs composed by Duke Ellington, lyricists and co-composers indicated.", "What Happened, Miss Simone? What Happened, Miss Simone? is a 2015 American biographical documentary film about Nina Simone directed by Liz Garbus. The film opened the 2015 Sundance Film Festival. The screening was followed by a tribute performance by John Legend. The film was released by Netflix on June 26, 2015. It was nominated for Best Documentary Feature at the 88th Academy Awards. The documentary chronicles the life of American singer Nina Simone, who became a civil rights activist and moved to Liberia following the turbulence of the 1960s. The documentary combines previously unreleased archival footage and interviews with Simone's daughter and friends. The title of the film was taken from a Maya Angelou quote. Garbus was approached with the idea and rights for the film by RadicalMedia. Nina's daughter Lisa Simone Kelly served as the film's executive producer. Indiewire gave the film a B grade. Michael Hogan wrote for \"Vanity Fair\" that, \"The risk of making a documentary of a towering artist is that, by explaining her, you only end up diminishing her. Not Nina Simone\u2014not this time. In Liz Garbus's telling, Simone's talent and personality shine through, as gloriously singular, and uncontrollable, as ever. \" The film was selected as one of 15 shortlisted for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. It eventually received a nomination. Manohla Dargis of \"The New York Times\" cited the film's relevance today, calling it an \"often electric, bracingly urgent documentary.\" The film was nominated for six Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special and Outstanding Directing for a Nonfiction Program, winning the former.", "The Amazing Nina Simone (film) The Amazing Nina Simone is a 2015 American documentary film by director Jeff L. Lieberman. The film details the life, legacy and musical accomplishments of singer, musician, pianist, songwriter and Civil Rights activist, Nina Simone through interviews with over 50 of the subject's friends, family, band members, lovers and fellow activists. The film has been called the best of the three Nina Simone films by \"The New Yorker Magazine\", and \"The Nina Simone film we should all be watching\" by \"Blavity\". The film traces Nina Simone through the many decades of her life, including growing up as Eunice Waymon, a piano prodigy in Tryon, NC , attending a summer program at The Juilliard School in New York and facing her first rejection from The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. It was there that she went on to play piano at a bar in Atlantic City and when forced to sing, she ended up discovering her distinctive style that caught the attention of Bethlehem Records. It was there that she became known with her hit song \"I Loves You, Porgy\" and became a unique voice, that was typically called jazz, but combined elements of classical, folk, pop, gospel, hymns, African, Jewish music and more. As the film recounts, she would ultimately use her musical voice to protest the inequality and brutality of segregation and American racism through songs like Mississippi Goddam, To Be Young, Gifted and Black, Four Women (song), Pirate Jenny and many more. The film is told through the stories and memories of Nikki Giovanni, Eric Burdon of The Animals, Chuck Stewart, Billy Vera, Horace Ott, Lester Hyman, Tom Schnabel, Roscoe Dellums, Marie-Christine Dunham Pratt and Sam Waymon, Nina's brother and longtime band member.", "Nina Simone with Strings Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. The album was released without her knowing after she had left Colpix Records, and had already made albums for Philips Records. To make the tracks on the album (a hodgepodge of live and studio recordings left over from previous recording sessions) more commercial, strings were added on some of the tracks, occasionally burying Simone's vocals under a wall of sound. Particularly notable is the version of \"I Loves You Porgy\", Simone's performance being markedly slower than her earlier account. The added strings are required to play abnormally slowly to match the tempo of Simone's delivery. In the UK, this particular version was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange. Despite (or perhaps: because of) the post-production efforts the album remains one of Simone's least accomplished works, mainly a collection of different songs in terms of subject, style and quality. On later releases of Simone's Colpix years, some of the tracks on this album were remastered (without the strings) and different takes were released attached to the albums that the songs were intended for. The cover photo was used out of a photo shoot for the earlier album \"Nina Simone Sings Ellington\" (1962). See details in the article about that album."], "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#1", "question": "Where was she a student between those years?", "rewrite": "Where was Nina Simone a student in 1974?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Amazing Nina Simone (film) The Amazing Nina Simone is a 2015 American documentary film by director Jeff L. Lieberman. The film details the life, legacy and musical accomplishments of singer, musician, pianist, songwriter and Civil Rights activist, Nina Simone through interviews with over 50 of the subject's friends, family, band members, lovers and fellow activists. The film has been called the best of the three Nina Simone films by \"The New Yorker Magazine\", and \"The Nina Simone film we should all be watching\" by \"Blavity\". The film traces Nina Simone through the many decades of her life, including growing up as Eunice Waymon, a piano prodigy in Tryon, NC , attending a summer program at The Juilliard School in New York and facing her first rejection from The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. It was there that she went on to play piano at a bar in Atlantic City and when forced to sing, she ended up discovering her distinctive style that caught the attention of Bethlehem Records. It was there that she became known with her hit song \"I Loves You, Porgy\" and became a unique voice, that was typically called jazz, but combined elements of classical, folk, pop, gospel, hymns, African, Jewish music and more. As the film recounts, she would ultimately use her musical voice to protest the inequality and brutality of segregation and American racism through songs like Mississippi Goddam, To Be Young, Gifted and Black, Four Women (song), Pirate Jenny and many more. The film is told through the stories and memories of Nikki Giovanni, Eric Burdon of The Animals, Chuck Stewart, Billy Vera, Horace Ott, Lester Hyman, Tom Schnabel, Roscoe Dellums, Marie-Christine Dunham Pratt and Sam Waymon, Nina's brother and longtime band member.", "Nina Simone with Strings Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. The album was released without her knowing after she had left Colpix Records, and had already made albums for Philips Records. To make the tracks on the album (a hodgepodge of live and studio recordings left over from previous recording sessions) more commercial, strings were added on some of the tracks, occasionally burying Simone's vocals under a wall of sound. Particularly notable is the version of \"I Loves You Porgy\", Simone's performance being markedly slower than her earlier account. The added strings are required to play abnormally slowly to match the tempo of Simone's delivery. In the UK, this particular version was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange. Despite (or perhaps: because of) the post-production efforts the album remains one of Simone's least accomplished works, mainly a collection of different songs in terms of subject, style and quality. On later releases of Simone's Colpix years, some of the tracks on this album were remastered (without the strings) and different takes were released attached to the albums that the songs were intended for. The cover photo was used out of a photo shoot for the earlier album \"Nina Simone Sings Ellington\" (1962). See details in the article about that album.", "2007 also saw Ohene's third full-length studio album, \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\". A tribute to the works and life of Nina Simone, written and produced solely by Ohene, each song represents a hip-hop reimagination of a Nina Simone's originals with slight variations in subject matter. The album ends with the track \"Nina Simone By O (Bio),\" an audio biography of Simone, including her discography. After being urged to review \"Mysterion 7\" and \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\" by his students, Princeton University professor and social commentator Dr. Cornel West referred to Ohene's work as \"genius.\" In 2008, Ohene returned to Ghana, West Africa to showcase his talents as part of the Bob Marley 61st Anniversary Birthday Show. He also released the instrumental jazz album \"Without Words\", which led to an introduction to legendary producer James Mtume, who now serves as Ohene's manager and mentor. That same year, Ohene began working on a new album, to be executively produced by Mtume, that promised another reinvention of Ohene's production and songwriting. This highly anticipated album will feature such greats as Tawatha Agee (lead singer of the legendary R & B group \"Mtume\") and Miles Davis' lone prot\u00e9g\u00e9 trumpeter Wallace Roney. In 2009, a life-threatening car accident while on the way to meet Mtume at Kiss FM in New York delayed the album's release. While continuing to work on his own music, Ohene also served as the main producer for jazz legend Jimmy Heath's Big Band/ Hip Hop Fusion album. Heath mentions Ohene in his book \"I Walked With Giants: The Autobiography of Jimmy Heath\", which was released in 2010.", "Nina Simone Sings Ellington Nina Simone Sings Ellington is an album by American singer and pianist Nina Simone. The album contains songs that were originally composed and recorded by Duke Ellington. Simone is complemented by the Malcolm Dodds Singers. The cover photo features just Nina Simone's head in full colour. Nina says about this picture in her autobiography \"I Put A Spell On You\" (1992) that the picture was originally a full size picture of Simone's body. However, because Nina was pregnant with her daughter Lisa at that time, the photographer tried various positions to hide Nina's stomach. He failed in this most probably, and that is why just Simone's head was used out of the full picture. A leftover shot of Nina from this session, featuring a pose from her chest up, was later used on her 1966 album, \"Nina Simone with Strings\". All songs composed by Duke Ellington, lyricists and co-composers indicated.", "Nina Simone in Concert Nina Simone in Concert is an album by jazz singer Nina Simone. It was her first album for the record label Philips and consisted of three live recordings made at Carnegie Hall, New York City, in March and April 1964. She recorded \"Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall\" in 1963 for Colpix. This album marked the beginning of \"Nina Simone, the Civil Rights singer\" in her recording career; she had already incorporated the civil rights message in her performances. Included on the album are political songs, such as \"Mississippi Goddam\", released as a single at the time. \"Old Jim Crow\", \"Go Limp\" \"Pirate Jenny\" contributed to the message in a covert or metaphorical way. The album was rated 94th best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#2", "question": "What is some other things that happened between 1974- 1993?", "rewrite": "Aside from attending school, what are some other things that happened between 1974- 1993?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["This campaign took place together with the vaccination against polio and vitamin A supplementation. A yellow fever outbreak, the worst in the country in three decades began in December 2015. By August 2016, when the outbreak began to subside, nearly 4,000 people were suspected of being infected. As many as 369 may have died. The outbreak began in the capital, Luanda, and spread to at least 16 of the 18 provinces. Although by law education in Angola is compulsory and free for eight years, the government reports that a percentage of pupils are not attending due to a lack of school buildings and teachers. Pupils are often responsible for paying additional school-related expenses, including fees for books and supplies. In 1999, the gross primary enrollment rate was 74 percent and in 1998, the most recent year for which data are available, the net primary enrollment rate was 61 percent. Gross and net enrollment ratios are based on the number of pupils formally registered in primary school and therefore do not necessarily reflect actual school attendance. There continue to be significant disparities in enrollment between rural and urban areas. In 1995, 71.2 percent of children ages 7 to 14 years were attending school. It is reported that higher percentages of boys attend school than girls. During the Angolan Civil War (1975\u20132002), nearly half of all schools were reportedly looted and destroyed, leading to current problems with overcrowding. The Ministry of Education recruited 20,000 new teachers in 2005 and continued to implement teacher trainings. Teachers tend to be underpaid, inadequately trained and overworked (sometimes teaching two or three shifts a day). Some teachers may reportedly demand payment or bribes directly from their pupils. Other factors, such as the presence of landmines, lack of resources and identity papers, and poor health prevent children from regularly attending school.", "School refusal School refusal is a child-motivated refusal to attend school and/or difficulty remaining in class for the full day. Child-motivated absenteeism occurs autonomously, by the volition of the child. This behavior is differentiated from non-child-motivated absences in which parents who withdraw children from school or keep them home, or circumstances such as homelessness. School refusal is characterized by an emotional distress at the time of attending school and school attendance difficulties. School refusal behavior has no single cause. Rather it has a broad range of contributing factors that include the individual, family, school, and community. These factors can be organized into four main categories: (1) avoidance of school\u2010based stimuli that cause negative affect, (2) avoidance of stressful social and/or evaluative situations, (3) pursuit of attention from significant others, and/or (4) pursuit tangible reinforcers outside of school. Rates of absenteeism due to school refusal behavior are difficult to quantify because the behavior manifests in a variety of ways and are defined, tracked, and reported differently among schools and school districts. The literature estimates that rates of school refusal occurs in 1\u20132% of the general population, and in 5\u201315% of clinic-referred youth samples. School refusal behavior is characterized by an emotional and behavioral component. The emotional component consists of severe emotional distress at the time attending school. The behavioral component manifests as school attendance difficulties. School refusal is not classified as a disorder by the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\" [DSM-5]. Emotional distress typically does not occur until the morning before the child is to attend school. Emotional distress is often accompanied by physical symptoms. The degree of distress children exhibit varies widely. There is also an instant return to a stable mood after the child decides not to attend school or is removed from school.", "Those in ages 5 to 9 comprised 6.2 percent and those in ages 10 to 14, 44.3 percent. Among children in hazardous labor, the largest percentage resided in the regions of Central Luzon (10.6%) and Bicol (10.2%). Seven in ten children in hazardous labor were at the same time attending school. The percentage of children in hazardous labor who were attending school was higher among children 5 to 9 years old than among children 15 to 17 years old. There were more boys than girls among the children in hazardous labor who were attending school. Sixty-two percent of the children in hazardous labor were working in the agriculture sector, 30.1 percent were in the services sector, and the rest (7.6%) worked in the industry sector. Among the boys, 67.9 percent were in agriculture; while among the girls, 51.2 percent. For every five children in hazardous labor, two were exposed to physical hazards only (39.9%) and one was exposed to both chemical and physical hazards (Table 7). The rest were exposed to other types of hazards. For every ten children in hazardous labor, four were helping in their own household-operated farm or business while three mentioned to supplement family income as their main reason for working. Fifty-two percent of boys and 61.8 percent of girls in hazardous labor were unpaid workers in their own household-operated farm or business. A higher proportion of boys than girls (29.3% compared to 20.0%) were working in private establishments (26.2%). More than half of the children in hazardous labor (55.4%) worked in a farm. Those who reported working in their own house comprised 12.2 percent. The survey involves the collection of data through personal interviews with the household as the reporting unit.", "In a comment made to Dr. Louis Cooper, the chief pediatrician of St. Luke\u2019s-Roosevelt Hospital at the time, the purpose of the hearing was to make sense of his judgement after two Queens school districts sued the City to hold children with HIV/AIDS from attending school regularly. His questions from the trial is whether children with AIDS are considered handicapped, and should their status become known to their teachers. When Judge Hyman made his decision, he approved the policy that CWA were not to be excluded from attending school, while scrutinizing the policy as a \u201csecret.\u201d He further criticized the medical field as professionally irresponsible for causing mass hysteria. Frederick A.O Schwarz, Jr., whom was the City Corporation Counsel, defended the City\u2019s policymakers because they \u201cacted in a way that reflected the pressure of time.\u201d As for the determination of children having handicapped status, the Assistant Attorney General Charles J. Cooper issued a memorandum on June 20, 1986 on AIDS-patient discrimination. Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act of 1974 was interpreted by the Department of Justice that discrimination was prohibited on those who were disabled by the disease, giving them handicapped status. The City\u2019s Assistant Corporation Counsel issued a memorandum to Schwarz in July 1976 that the act did not protect asymptomatic AIDS patients and those who were AIDS-related complex. The memorandum also further asserted that the basis of discrimination made by those who feared contagious transmission was not protected under law. In 1985, Dr. David Sencer, New York City\u2019s health commissioner first proposed the distribution of clean needles to drug users in order to prevent the spread of AIDS, but city officials and local law enforcement opposition hindered this plan.", "Possibilities were discussed including a 3-way whole grade sharing agreement between Hampton-Dumont, CAL, and Dows; continuing or expanding 2-way sharing between CAL and Dows; and Dows beginning a 1-way whole grade sharing agreement with either Clarion-Goldfield, Belmond-Klemme, or CAL. After much discussion it was ultimately it was decided that Clarion-Goldfield would provide the best educational opportunities and stability for the long-term future of Dows area students. When the partnership with CAL Community School ended, CAL re-established itself as an independent P/K-12 school district. Initially, quite a few of the high school students that were already attending CAL open enrolled to finish attending school at CAL. Over time, as those classes graduated a vast majority of the Dows students were attending school in Clarion. In 2005 the district began a ten-year whole grade sharing agreement with Clarion-Goldfield Community School District. Dows maintains its own separate P/K-5 elementary school and students in grades 6\u201312 attended school in Clarion. The districts also shared a superintendent, principal, and several other staff members. In 2006, the district began the Tiger Learning Center (TLC), an after school program. In 2008, Dows Elementary School became a multi-age school that combines classrooms kindergarten and first grade, second and third grades, and fourth and fifth grades. Dows Elementary offered small class sizes that provide individualized attention and an academic program that can compete with any in the state. In 2008-09, the Dows Elementary School reported some of the highest Iowa Tests of Basic Skills results of any school in the state. The Dows district received a grant for the preschool program to be funded by the state in 2009-10. In 2013-14, the sharing agreement was expanded to include grades 4-12."], "answer": {"text": "During the 1980s, Simone performed regularly at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London,", "answer_start": 1124}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she a student between those years?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#3", "question": "Did she perform in other parts of the world?", "rewrite": "Did Nina Simone perform in other parts of the world besides America?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Nina Simone with Strings Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. The album was released without her knowing after she had left Colpix Records, and had already made albums for Philips Records. To make the tracks on the album (a hodgepodge of live and studio recordings left over from previous recording sessions) more commercial, strings were added on some of the tracks, occasionally burying Simone's vocals under a wall of sound. Particularly notable is the version of \"I Loves You Porgy\", Simone's performance being markedly slower than her earlier account. The added strings are required to play abnormally slowly to match the tempo of Simone's delivery. In the UK, this particular version was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange. Despite (or perhaps: because of) the post-production efforts the album remains one of Simone's least accomplished works, mainly a collection of different songs in terms of subject, style and quality. On later releases of Simone's Colpix years, some of the tracks on this album were remastered (without the strings) and different takes were released attached to the albums that the songs were intended for. The cover photo was used out of a photo shoot for the earlier album \"Nina Simone Sings Ellington\" (1962). See details in the article about that album.", "2007 also saw Ohene's third full-length studio album, \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\". A tribute to the works and life of Nina Simone, written and produced solely by Ohene, each song represents a hip-hop reimagination of a Nina Simone's originals with slight variations in subject matter. The album ends with the track \"Nina Simone By O (Bio),\" an audio biography of Simone, including her discography. After being urged to review \"Mysterion 7\" and \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\" by his students, Princeton University professor and social commentator Dr. Cornel West referred to Ohene's work as \"genius.\" In 2008, Ohene returned to Ghana, West Africa to showcase his talents as part of the Bob Marley 61st Anniversary Birthday Show. He also released the instrumental jazz album \"Without Words\", which led to an introduction to legendary producer James Mtume, who now serves as Ohene's manager and mentor. That same year, Ohene began working on a new album, to be executively produced by Mtume, that promised another reinvention of Ohene's production and songwriting. This highly anticipated album will feature such greats as Tawatha Agee (lead singer of the legendary R & B group \"Mtume\") and Miles Davis' lone prot\u00e9g\u00e9 trumpeter Wallace Roney. In 2009, a life-threatening car accident while on the way to meet Mtume at Kiss FM in New York delayed the album's release. While continuing to work on his own music, Ohene also served as the main producer for jazz legend Jimmy Heath's Big Band/ Hip Hop Fusion album. Heath mentions Ohene in his book \"I Walked With Giants: The Autobiography of Jimmy Heath\", which was released in 2010.", "The Amazing Nina Simone (film) The Amazing Nina Simone is a 2015 American documentary film by director Jeff L. Lieberman. The film details the life, legacy and musical accomplishments of singer, musician, pianist, songwriter and Civil Rights activist, Nina Simone through interviews with over 50 of the subject's friends, family, band members, lovers and fellow activists. The film has been called the best of the three Nina Simone films by \"The New Yorker Magazine\", and \"The Nina Simone film we should all be watching\" by \"Blavity\". The film traces Nina Simone through the many decades of her life, including growing up as Eunice Waymon, a piano prodigy in Tryon, NC , attending a summer program at The Juilliard School in New York and facing her first rejection from The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. It was there that she went on to play piano at a bar in Atlantic City and when forced to sing, she ended up discovering her distinctive style that caught the attention of Bethlehem Records. It was there that she became known with her hit song \"I Loves You, Porgy\" and became a unique voice, that was typically called jazz, but combined elements of classical, folk, pop, gospel, hymns, African, Jewish music and more. As the film recounts, she would ultimately use her musical voice to protest the inequality and brutality of segregation and American racism through songs like Mississippi Goddam, To Be Young, Gifted and Black, Four Women (song), Pirate Jenny and many more. The film is told through the stories and memories of Nikki Giovanni, Eric Burdon of The Animals, Chuck Stewart, Billy Vera, Horace Ott, Lester Hyman, Tom Schnabel, Roscoe Dellums, Marie-Christine Dunham Pratt and Sam Waymon, Nina's brother and longtime band member.", "Nina Simone in Concert Nina Simone in Concert is an album by jazz singer Nina Simone. It was her first album for the record label Philips and consisted of three live recordings made at Carnegie Hall, New York City, in March and April 1964. She recorded \"Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall\" in 1963 for Colpix. This album marked the beginning of \"Nina Simone, the Civil Rights singer\" in her recording career; she had already incorporated the civil rights message in her performances. Included on the album are political songs, such as \"Mississippi Goddam\", released as a single at the time. \"Old Jim Crow\", \"Go Limp\" \"Pirate Jenny\" contributed to the message in a covert or metaphorical way. The album was rated 94th best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\".", "Nina Simone Sings Ellington Nina Simone Sings Ellington is an album by American singer and pianist Nina Simone. The album contains songs that were originally composed and recorded by Duke Ellington. Simone is complemented by the Malcolm Dodds Singers. The cover photo features just Nina Simone's head in full colour. Nina says about this picture in her autobiography \"I Put A Spell On You\" (1992) that the picture was originally a full size picture of Simone's body. However, because Nina was pregnant with her daughter Lisa at that time, the photographer tried various positions to hide Nina's stomach. He failed in this most probably, and that is why just Simone's head was used out of the full picture. A leftover shot of Nina from this session, featuring a pose from her chest up, was later used on her 1966 album, \"Nina Simone with Strings\". All songs composed by Duke Ellington, lyricists and co-composers indicated."], "answer": {"text": "Barbados", "answer_start": 264}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she a student between those years?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is some other things that happened between 1974- 1993?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1980s, Simone performed regularly at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London,", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#4", "question": "Did she win any awards or have a top album?", "rewrite": "Did Nina Simone win any awards or have a top album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["2007 also saw Ohene's third full-length studio album, \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\". A tribute to the works and life of Nina Simone, written and produced solely by Ohene, each song represents a hip-hop reimagination of a Nina Simone's originals with slight variations in subject matter. The album ends with the track \"Nina Simone By O (Bio),\" an audio biography of Simone, including her discography. After being urged to review \"Mysterion 7\" and \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\" by his students, Princeton University professor and social commentator Dr. Cornel West referred to Ohene's work as \"genius.\" In 2008, Ohene returned to Ghana, West Africa to showcase his talents as part of the Bob Marley 61st Anniversary Birthday Show. He also released the instrumental jazz album \"Without Words\", which led to an introduction to legendary producer James Mtume, who now serves as Ohene's manager and mentor. That same year, Ohene began working on a new album, to be executively produced by Mtume, that promised another reinvention of Ohene's production and songwriting. This highly anticipated album will feature such greats as Tawatha Agee (lead singer of the legendary R & B group \"Mtume\") and Miles Davis' lone prot\u00e9g\u00e9 trumpeter Wallace Roney. In 2009, a life-threatening car accident while on the way to meet Mtume at Kiss FM in New York delayed the album's release. While continuing to work on his own music, Ohene also served as the main producer for jazz legend Jimmy Heath's Big Band/ Hip Hop Fusion album. Heath mentions Ohene in his book \"I Walked With Giants: The Autobiography of Jimmy Heath\", which was released in 2010.", "Nina Simone Sings Ellington Nina Simone Sings Ellington is an album by American singer and pianist Nina Simone. The album contains songs that were originally composed and recorded by Duke Ellington. Simone is complemented by the Malcolm Dodds Singers. The cover photo features just Nina Simone's head in full colour. Nina says about this picture in her autobiography \"I Put A Spell On You\" (1992) that the picture was originally a full size picture of Simone's body. However, because Nina was pregnant with her daughter Lisa at that time, the photographer tried various positions to hide Nina's stomach. He failed in this most probably, and that is why just Simone's head was used out of the full picture. A leftover shot of Nina from this session, featuring a pose from her chest up, was later used on her 1966 album, \"Nina Simone with Strings\". All songs composed by Duke Ellington, lyricists and co-composers indicated.", "Nina Simone with Strings Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. The album was released without her knowing after she had left Colpix Records, and had already made albums for Philips Records. To make the tracks on the album (a hodgepodge of live and studio recordings left over from previous recording sessions) more commercial, strings were added on some of the tracks, occasionally burying Simone's vocals under a wall of sound. Particularly notable is the version of \"I Loves You Porgy\", Simone's performance being markedly slower than her earlier account. The added strings are required to play abnormally slowly to match the tempo of Simone's delivery. In the UK, this particular version was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange. Despite (or perhaps: because of) the post-production efforts the album remains one of Simone's least accomplished works, mainly a collection of different songs in terms of subject, style and quality. On later releases of Simone's Colpix years, some of the tracks on this album were remastered (without the strings) and different takes were released attached to the albums that the songs were intended for. The cover photo was used out of a photo shoot for the earlier album \"Nina Simone Sings Ellington\" (1962). See details in the article about that album.", "Nina Simone in Concert Nina Simone in Concert is an album by jazz singer Nina Simone. It was her first album for the record label Philips and consisted of three live recordings made at Carnegie Hall, New York City, in March and April 1964. She recorded \"Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall\" in 1963 for Colpix. This album marked the beginning of \"Nina Simone, the Civil Rights singer\" in her recording career; she had already incorporated the civil rights message in her performances. Included on the album are political songs, such as \"Mississippi Goddam\", released as a single at the time. \"Old Jim Crow\", \"Go Limp\" \"Pirate Jenny\" contributed to the message in a covert or metaphorical way. The album was rated 94th best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\".", "The Amazing Nina Simone (film) The Amazing Nina Simone is a 2015 American documentary film by director Jeff L. Lieberman. The film details the life, legacy and musical accomplishments of singer, musician, pianist, songwriter and Civil Rights activist, Nina Simone through interviews with over 50 of the subject's friends, family, band members, lovers and fellow activists. The film has been called the best of the three Nina Simone films by \"The New Yorker Magazine\", and \"The Nina Simone film we should all be watching\" by \"Blavity\". The film traces Nina Simone through the many decades of her life, including growing up as Eunice Waymon, a piano prodigy in Tryon, NC , attending a summer program at The Juilliard School in New York and facing her first rejection from The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. It was there that she went on to play piano at a bar in Atlantic City and when forced to sing, she ended up discovering her distinctive style that caught the attention of Bethlehem Records. It was there that she became known with her hit song \"I Loves You, Porgy\" and became a unique voice, that was typically called jazz, but combined elements of classical, folk, pop, gospel, hymns, African, Jewish music and more. As the film recounts, she would ultimately use her musical voice to protest the inequality and brutality of segregation and American racism through songs like Mississippi Goddam, To Be Young, Gifted and Black, Four Women (song), Pirate Jenny and many more. The film is told through the stories and memories of Nikki Giovanni, Eric Burdon of The Animals, Chuck Stewart, Billy Vera, Horace Ott, Lester Hyman, Tom Schnabel, Roscoe Dellums, Marie-Christine Dunham Pratt and Sam Waymon, Nina's brother and longtime band member."], "answer": {"text": "During the last decade of her life, Simone had sold more than one million records, making her a global catalog best-seller.", "answer_start": 937}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she a student between those years?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is some other things that happened between 1974- 1993?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1980s, Simone performed regularly at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London,", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she perform in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "Barbados", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#5", "question": "What did she set to do after her last album in 1974?", "rewrite": "What did Nina Simone set to do after her last album in 1974?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Nina Simone Sings Ellington Nina Simone Sings Ellington is an album by American singer and pianist Nina Simone. The album contains songs that were originally composed and recorded by Duke Ellington. Simone is complemented by the Malcolm Dodds Singers. The cover photo features just Nina Simone's head in full colour. Nina says about this picture in her autobiography \"I Put A Spell On You\" (1992) that the picture was originally a full size picture of Simone's body. However, because Nina was pregnant with her daughter Lisa at that time, the photographer tried various positions to hide Nina's stomach. He failed in this most probably, and that is why just Simone's head was used out of the full picture. A leftover shot of Nina from this session, featuring a pose from her chest up, was later used on her 1966 album, \"Nina Simone with Strings\". All songs composed by Duke Ellington, lyricists and co-composers indicated.", "Nina Simone with Strings Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. The album was released without her knowing after she had left Colpix Records, and had already made albums for Philips Records. To make the tracks on the album (a hodgepodge of live and studio recordings left over from previous recording sessions) more commercial, strings were added on some of the tracks, occasionally burying Simone's vocals under a wall of sound. Particularly notable is the version of \"I Loves You Porgy\", Simone's performance being markedly slower than her earlier account. The added strings are required to play abnormally slowly to match the tempo of Simone's delivery. In the UK, this particular version was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange. Despite (or perhaps: because of) the post-production efforts the album remains one of Simone's least accomplished works, mainly a collection of different songs in terms of subject, style and quality. On later releases of Simone's Colpix years, some of the tracks on this album were remastered (without the strings) and different takes were released attached to the albums that the songs were intended for. The cover photo was used out of a photo shoot for the earlier album \"Nina Simone Sings Ellington\" (1962). See details in the article about that album.", "Nina Simone in Concert Nina Simone in Concert is an album by jazz singer Nina Simone. It was her first album for the record label Philips and consisted of three live recordings made at Carnegie Hall, New York City, in March and April 1964. She recorded \"Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall\" in 1963 for Colpix. This album marked the beginning of \"Nina Simone, the Civil Rights singer\" in her recording career; she had already incorporated the civil rights message in her performances. Included on the album are political songs, such as \"Mississippi Goddam\", released as a single at the time. \"Old Jim Crow\", \"Go Limp\" \"Pirate Jenny\" contributed to the message in a covert or metaphorical way. The album was rated 94th best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\".", "The Amazing Nina Simone (film) The Amazing Nina Simone is a 2015 American documentary film by director Jeff L. Lieberman. The film details the life, legacy and musical accomplishments of singer, musician, pianist, songwriter and Civil Rights activist, Nina Simone through interviews with over 50 of the subject's friends, family, band members, lovers and fellow activists. The film has been called the best of the three Nina Simone films by \"The New Yorker Magazine\", and \"The Nina Simone film we should all be watching\" by \"Blavity\". The film traces Nina Simone through the many decades of her life, including growing up as Eunice Waymon, a piano prodigy in Tryon, NC , attending a summer program at The Juilliard School in New York and facing her first rejection from The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. It was there that she went on to play piano at a bar in Atlantic City and when forced to sing, she ended up discovering her distinctive style that caught the attention of Bethlehem Records. It was there that she became known with her hit song \"I Loves You, Porgy\" and became a unique voice, that was typically called jazz, but combined elements of classical, folk, pop, gospel, hymns, African, Jewish music and more. As the film recounts, she would ultimately use her musical voice to protest the inequality and brutality of segregation and American racism through songs like Mississippi Goddam, To Be Young, Gifted and Black, Four Women (song), Pirate Jenny and many more. The film is told through the stories and memories of Nikki Giovanni, Eric Burdon of The Animals, Chuck Stewart, Billy Vera, Horace Ott, Lester Hyman, Tom Schnabel, Roscoe Dellums, Marie-Christine Dunham Pratt and Sam Waymon, Nina's brother and longtime band member.", "2007 also saw Ohene's third full-length studio album, \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\". A tribute to the works and life of Nina Simone, written and produced solely by Ohene, each song represents a hip-hop reimagination of a Nina Simone's originals with slight variations in subject matter. The album ends with the track \"Nina Simone By O (Bio),\" an audio biography of Simone, including her discography. After being urged to review \"Mysterion 7\" and \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\" by his students, Princeton University professor and social commentator Dr. Cornel West referred to Ohene's work as \"genius.\" In 2008, Ohene returned to Ghana, West Africa to showcase his talents as part of the Bob Marley 61st Anniversary Birthday Show. He also released the instrumental jazz album \"Without Words\", which led to an introduction to legendary producer James Mtume, who now serves as Ohene's manager and mentor. That same year, Ohene began working on a new album, to be executively produced by Mtume, that promised another reinvention of Ohene's production and songwriting. This highly anticipated album will feature such greats as Tawatha Agee (lead singer of the legendary R & B group \"Mtume\") and Miles Davis' lone prot\u00e9g\u00e9 trumpeter Wallace Roney. In 2009, a life-threatening car accident while on the way to meet Mtume at Kiss FM in New York delayed the album's release. While continuing to work on his own music, Ohene also served as the main producer for jazz legend Jimmy Heath's Big Band/ Hip Hop Fusion album. Heath mentions Ohene in his book \"I Walked With Giants: The Autobiography of Jimmy Heath\", which was released in 2010."], "answer": {"text": "did not make another record until 1978, when she was persuaded to go into the recording studio by CTI Records owner Creed Taylor.", "answer_start": 634}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she a student between those years?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is some other things that happened between 1974- 1993?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1980s, Simone performed regularly at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London,", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she perform in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "Barbados", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards or have a top album?", "answer": {"text": "During the last decade of her life, Simone had sold more than one million records, making her a global catalog best-seller.", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#6", "question": "What was the name of her last album?", "rewrite": "What was the name of Nina Simone's last album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Amazing Nina Simone (film) The Amazing Nina Simone is a 2015 American documentary film by director Jeff L. Lieberman. The film details the life, legacy and musical accomplishments of singer, musician, pianist, songwriter and Civil Rights activist, Nina Simone through interviews with over 50 of the subject's friends, family, band members, lovers and fellow activists. The film has been called the best of the three Nina Simone films by \"The New Yorker Magazine\", and \"The Nina Simone film we should all be watching\" by \"Blavity\". The film traces Nina Simone through the many decades of her life, including growing up as Eunice Waymon, a piano prodigy in Tryon, NC , attending a summer program at The Juilliard School in New York and facing her first rejection from The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. It was there that she went on to play piano at a bar in Atlantic City and when forced to sing, she ended up discovering her distinctive style that caught the attention of Bethlehem Records. It was there that she became known with her hit song \"I Loves You, Porgy\" and became a unique voice, that was typically called jazz, but combined elements of classical, folk, pop, gospel, hymns, African, Jewish music and more. As the film recounts, she would ultimately use her musical voice to protest the inequality and brutality of segregation and American racism through songs like Mississippi Goddam, To Be Young, Gifted and Black, Four Women (song), Pirate Jenny and many more. The film is told through the stories and memories of Nikki Giovanni, Eric Burdon of The Animals, Chuck Stewart, Billy Vera, Horace Ott, Lester Hyman, Tom Schnabel, Roscoe Dellums, Marie-Christine Dunham Pratt and Sam Waymon, Nina's brother and longtime band member.", "Nina Simone in Concert Nina Simone in Concert is an album by jazz singer Nina Simone. It was her first album for the record label Philips and consisted of three live recordings made at Carnegie Hall, New York City, in March and April 1964. She recorded \"Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall\" in 1963 for Colpix. This album marked the beginning of \"Nina Simone, the Civil Rights singer\" in her recording career; she had already incorporated the civil rights message in her performances. Included on the album are political songs, such as \"Mississippi Goddam\", released as a single at the time. \"Old Jim Crow\", \"Go Limp\" \"Pirate Jenny\" contributed to the message in a covert or metaphorical way. The album was rated 94th best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\".", "Nina Simone with Strings Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. The album was released without her knowing after she had left Colpix Records, and had already made albums for Philips Records. To make the tracks on the album (a hodgepodge of live and studio recordings left over from previous recording sessions) more commercial, strings were added on some of the tracks, occasionally burying Simone's vocals under a wall of sound. Particularly notable is the version of \"I Loves You Porgy\", Simone's performance being markedly slower than her earlier account. The added strings are required to play abnormally slowly to match the tempo of Simone's delivery. In the UK, this particular version was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange. Despite (or perhaps: because of) the post-production efforts the album remains one of Simone's least accomplished works, mainly a collection of different songs in terms of subject, style and quality. On later releases of Simone's Colpix years, some of the tracks on this album were remastered (without the strings) and different takes were released attached to the albums that the songs were intended for. The cover photo was used out of a photo shoot for the earlier album \"Nina Simone Sings Ellington\" (1962). See details in the article about that album.", "Nina Simone Sings Ellington Nina Simone Sings Ellington is an album by American singer and pianist Nina Simone. The album contains songs that were originally composed and recorded by Duke Ellington. Simone is complemented by the Malcolm Dodds Singers. The cover photo features just Nina Simone's head in full colour. Nina says about this picture in her autobiography \"I Put A Spell On You\" (1992) that the picture was originally a full size picture of Simone's body. However, because Nina was pregnant with her daughter Lisa at that time, the photographer tried various positions to hide Nina's stomach. He failed in this most probably, and that is why just Simone's head was used out of the full picture. A leftover shot of Nina from this session, featuring a pose from her chest up, was later used on her 1966 album, \"Nina Simone with Strings\". All songs composed by Duke Ellington, lyricists and co-composers indicated.", "2007 also saw Ohene's third full-length studio album, \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\". A tribute to the works and life of Nina Simone, written and produced solely by Ohene, each song represents a hip-hop reimagination of a Nina Simone's originals with slight variations in subject matter. The album ends with the track \"Nina Simone By O (Bio),\" an audio biography of Simone, including her discography. After being urged to review \"Mysterion 7\" and \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\" by his students, Princeton University professor and social commentator Dr. Cornel West referred to Ohene's work as \"genius.\" In 2008, Ohene returned to Ghana, West Africa to showcase his talents as part of the Bob Marley 61st Anniversary Birthday Show. He also released the instrumental jazz album \"Without Words\", which led to an introduction to legendary producer James Mtume, who now serves as Ohene's manager and mentor. That same year, Ohene began working on a new album, to be executively produced by Mtume, that promised another reinvention of Ohene's production and songwriting. This highly anticipated album will feature such greats as Tawatha Agee (lead singer of the legendary R & B group \"Mtume\") and Miles Davis' lone prot\u00e9g\u00e9 trumpeter Wallace Roney. In 2009, a life-threatening car accident while on the way to meet Mtume at Kiss FM in New York delayed the album's release. While continuing to work on his own music, Ohene also served as the main producer for jazz legend Jimmy Heath's Big Band/ Hip Hop Fusion album. Heath mentions Ohene in his book \"I Walked With Giants: The Autobiography of Jimmy Heath\", which was released in 2010."], "answer": {"text": "A Single Woman,", "answer_start": 780}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she a student between those years?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is some other things that happened between 1974- 1993?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1980s, Simone performed regularly at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London,", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she perform in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "Barbados", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards or have a top album?", "answer": {"text": "During the last decade of her life, Simone had sold more than one million records, making her a global catalog best-seller.", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did she set to do after her last album in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "did not make another record until 1978, when she was persuaded to go into the recording studio by CTI Records owner Creed Taylor.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9dd8bb9db8454ff2b40dd845e5d4521a_1_q#7", "question": "What things did she do in the 1990's?", "rewrite": "What things did Nina Simone do in the 1990's?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Nina Simone Sings Ellington Nina Simone Sings Ellington is an album by American singer and pianist Nina Simone. The album contains songs that were originally composed and recorded by Duke Ellington. Simone is complemented by the Malcolm Dodds Singers. The cover photo features just Nina Simone's head in full colour. Nina says about this picture in her autobiography \"I Put A Spell On You\" (1992) that the picture was originally a full size picture of Simone's body. However, because Nina was pregnant with her daughter Lisa at that time, the photographer tried various positions to hide Nina's stomach. He failed in this most probably, and that is why just Simone's head was used out of the full picture. A leftover shot of Nina from this session, featuring a pose from her chest up, was later used on her 1966 album, \"Nina Simone with Strings\". All songs composed by Duke Ellington, lyricists and co-composers indicated.", "Nina Simone with Strings Nina Simone with Strings is an album by Nina Simone. The album was released without her knowing after she had left Colpix Records, and had already made albums for Philips Records. To make the tracks on the album (a hodgepodge of live and studio recordings left over from previous recording sessions) more commercial, strings were added on some of the tracks, occasionally burying Simone's vocals under a wall of sound. Particularly notable is the version of \"I Loves You Porgy\", Simone's performance being markedly slower than her earlier account. The added strings are required to play abnormally slowly to match the tempo of Simone's delivery. In the UK, this particular version was used in television commercials in 1997 by the mobile telephone operator Orange. Despite (or perhaps: because of) the post-production efforts the album remains one of Simone's least accomplished works, mainly a collection of different songs in terms of subject, style and quality. On later releases of Simone's Colpix years, some of the tracks on this album were remastered (without the strings) and different takes were released attached to the albums that the songs were intended for. The cover photo was used out of a photo shoot for the earlier album \"Nina Simone Sings Ellington\" (1962). See details in the article about that album.", "2007 also saw Ohene's third full-length studio album, \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\". A tribute to the works and life of Nina Simone, written and produced solely by Ohene, each song represents a hip-hop reimagination of a Nina Simone's originals with slight variations in subject matter. The album ends with the track \"Nina Simone By O (Bio),\" an audio biography of Simone, including her discography. After being urged to review \"Mysterion 7\" and \"Nina Simone by ... Ohene\" by his students, Princeton University professor and social commentator Dr. Cornel West referred to Ohene's work as \"genius.\" In 2008, Ohene returned to Ghana, West Africa to showcase his talents as part of the Bob Marley 61st Anniversary Birthday Show. He also released the instrumental jazz album \"Without Words\", which led to an introduction to legendary producer James Mtume, who now serves as Ohene's manager and mentor. That same year, Ohene began working on a new album, to be executively produced by Mtume, that promised another reinvention of Ohene's production and songwriting. This highly anticipated album will feature such greats as Tawatha Agee (lead singer of the legendary R & B group \"Mtume\") and Miles Davis' lone prot\u00e9g\u00e9 trumpeter Wallace Roney. In 2009, a life-threatening car accident while on the way to meet Mtume at Kiss FM in New York delayed the album's release. While continuing to work on his own music, Ohene also served as the main producer for jazz legend Jimmy Heath's Big Band/ Hip Hop Fusion album. Heath mentions Ohene in his book \"I Walked With Giants: The Autobiography of Jimmy Heath\", which was released in 2010.", "The Amazing Nina Simone (film) The Amazing Nina Simone is a 2015 American documentary film by director Jeff L. Lieberman. The film details the life, legacy and musical accomplishments of singer, musician, pianist, songwriter and Civil Rights activist, Nina Simone through interviews with over 50 of the subject's friends, family, band members, lovers and fellow activists. The film has been called the best of the three Nina Simone films by \"The New Yorker Magazine\", and \"The Nina Simone film we should all be watching\" by \"Blavity\". The film traces Nina Simone through the many decades of her life, including growing up as Eunice Waymon, a piano prodigy in Tryon, NC , attending a summer program at The Juilliard School in New York and facing her first rejection from The Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. It was there that she went on to play piano at a bar in Atlantic City and when forced to sing, she ended up discovering her distinctive style that caught the attention of Bethlehem Records. It was there that she became known with her hit song \"I Loves You, Porgy\" and became a unique voice, that was typically called jazz, but combined elements of classical, folk, pop, gospel, hymns, African, Jewish music and more. As the film recounts, she would ultimately use her musical voice to protest the inequality and brutality of segregation and American racism through songs like Mississippi Goddam, To Be Young, Gifted and Black, Four Women (song), Pirate Jenny and many more. The film is told through the stories and memories of Nikki Giovanni, Eric Burdon of The Animals, Chuck Stewart, Billy Vera, Horace Ott, Lester Hyman, Tom Schnabel, Roscoe Dellums, Marie-Christine Dunham Pratt and Sam Waymon, Nina's brother and longtime band member.", "Nina Simone in Concert Nina Simone in Concert is an album by jazz singer Nina Simone. It was her first album for the record label Philips and consisted of three live recordings made at Carnegie Hall, New York City, in March and April 1964. She recorded \"Nina Simone at Carnegie Hall\" in 1963 for Colpix. This album marked the beginning of \"Nina Simone, the Civil Rights singer\" in her recording career; she had already incorporated the civil rights message in her performances. Included on the album are political songs, such as \"Mississippi Goddam\", released as a single at the time. \"Old Jim Crow\", \"Go Limp\" \"Pirate Jenny\" contributed to the message in a covert or metaphorical way. The album was rated 94th best album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\"."], "answer": {"text": "Simone published her autobiography, I Put a Spell on You, in 1992.", "answer_start": 684}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Nina Simone in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "Simone recorded her last album for RCA,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she a student between those years?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is some other things that happened between 1974- 1993?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1980s, Simone performed regularly at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London,", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she perform in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "Barbados", "answer_start": 264, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards or have a top album?", "answer": {"text": "During the last decade of her life, Simone had sold more than one million records, making her a global catalog best-seller.", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did she set to do after her last album in 1974?", "answer": {"text": "did not make another record until 1978, when she was persuaded to go into the recording studio by CTI Records owner Creed Taylor.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of her last album?", "answer": {"text": "A Single Woman,", "answer_start": 780, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_517929de78164837bdc2f0009adabb0d_0_q#0", "question": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace accomplish?", "rewrite": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace accomplish?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Berry Andrew Berry (born 1963) is a British evolutionary biologist and historian of science with a particular interest in Alfred Wallace. He was a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and is currently a lecturer in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research combined field and laboratory methods to detect positive Darwinian selection (i.e. adaptive evolution) at the molecular level in natural populations. In addition to technical articles, he has published in the London Review of Books, Slate, and elsewhere. He has published two books: \"Infinite tropics: an Alfred Russel Wallace anthology\", 2003, with a foreword written by Stephen Jay Gould, and \"DNA: The Secret of Life\" with James D. Watson, 2003. In addition to lecturing at Harvard, he also leads a Harvard Summer Study Abroad program at Queen's College, Oxford on the history of evolutionary biology and on current ideas in the field. He teaches evolutionary biology regularly at Sabanc\u0131 University in Istanbul, Turkey, and is accordingly targeted by Turkish creationist organizations. Berry has worked on the script development for several major TV shows: \"Race, the Power of an Illusion\" in 2003 by PBS, the 5-part Channel 4 \"DNA\", and NOVA's \"Lord of the Ants\". In 2013, along with George Beccaloni, curator with a special interest in Orthopteroidea and the Alfred Russel Wallace collections at the Natural History Museum, London, Berry narrated a short animated film for \"The New York Times\" to celebrate the Alfred Russel Wallace's centenary. Andrew Berry was born in 1963 in London. His father is biologist R. J. Berry. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and then studied Zoology at St John's College, Oxford. He did his PhD under Martin Kreitman in evolutionary genetics at Princeton University.", "Ali Wallace (naturalist) Ali Wallace (\"fl.\" 1840-1907) was the name used by a Malay who accompanied and assisted Alfred Russel Wallace in his travels and explorations from 1855 to 1862. Initially recruited as a cook for his expedition, Ali was later responsible for independently collecting many significant specimens that are credited to Wallace. He also made observations of the birds and the people which were communicated to Wallace. It has been estimated that Ali collected and prepared nearly 5,150 bird specimens. Many of his specimens survive in collections of natural history museums. Alfred Russel Wallace travelled to the Malay archipelago in March 1854 along with his collecting assistant Charles Martin Allen (1839\u201392). During his travels he hired as many as 1200 people at various points of time and in various places. Among them some made an impression on him and were credited in his writings. When they arrived in Singapore on 18 April 1854, Wallace hired a Malay boy named Ali. He described him: Ali later became an expert at shooting and skinning birds. He accompanied Wallace and Allen and became one his most trusted servants. On Aru, it was probably Ali who collected the specimens of the king bird-of-paradise (\"Cicinnurus regius\"). He also collected an ivory-breasted pitta (described as \"Pitta gigas\") from Halmahera. Ali accompanied Wallace to New Guinea in 1858 before returning to Ternate. It was on Batchian on 24 August 1858 that Ali went to collect birds while Wallace collected insects. Wallace wrote: The species was named by George Robert Gray as \"Semioptera wallacii\" or Wallace's standardwing. While at Ternate, Ali married a woman and he did not join Wallace in 1859. Ali joined Wallace again in 1861 on a trip to the island of Bouru.", "The museum describes Wallace as \"Father of biogeography\", as a committed socialist, and as a spiritualist. The Royal Societyplanned a two-day discussion meeting in October 2013 for researchers on \"Alfred Russel Wallace and his legacy\", with speakers including George Beccaloni, Steve Jones, Lynne Parenti, Tim Caro and Martin Rees. Cardiff University's School of Earth & Ocean Sciences has planned a lecture series in 2013-2014 as part of the centenary commemoration of Wallace. Hertford Museum held several events including an evening of illustrated talks on 15 January 2014 at Hertford Theatre. Errol Fuller will discuss Wallace and the curious 19th century social phenomenon that guided his life and Dr Sandra Knapp will talk about Wallace\u2019s life and explorations in the Amazon. The Linnean Society held a two-day celebration of Wallace's centenary in Bournemouth on 7 and 8 June 2013, together with the Society for the History of Natural History, Bournemouth University and Bournemouth Natural Sciences Society. The event included talks about Wallace, his thoughts on natural selection, his evolutionary insights, and his notebooks and letters. A theatrical performance, 'You Should Ask Wallace', was put on by Theatre na n'Og. On the second day the group visited Wallace's grave and went on a nature walk in Wallace's memory. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ran a display of Wallace memorabilia including letters, photographs, artefacts made from plants, and herbarium specimens in 2013. \"Kew\" magazine likewise published an article \"The Wallace Connection\" to mark the centenary. The American Museum of Natural History, New York City, planned a talk by naturalist and broadcaster David Attenborough for 12 November 2013, entitled 'Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise'.", "Alfred Russel Wallace centenary The centenary of the death of the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace on 7 November 1913 was marked in 2013 with events around the world to celebrate his life and work. The commemorations was co-ordinated by the Natural History Museum, London. Events between October 2013 and June 2014 were planned by the Natural History Museum and other organisations including the Zoological Society of London, Cardiff University, the University of Alberta, Dorset County Museum, Swansea Museum, Dorset Wildlife Trust, Ness Botanical Gardens (South Wirral), the Royal Society, the Linnean Society, the Harvard Museum of Natural History, the American Museum of Natural History, Hertford Museum and the National Museum of Wales. The naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist Alfred Russel Wallace (born 8 January 1823) died on 7 November 1913. He is principally remembered now for having independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection, which prompted Charles Darwin to publish \"On the Origin of Species\". Some of his books such as \"The Malay Archipelago\" remain in print; it is considered one of the best accounts of scientific exploration published during the 19th century. Wallace is also remembered for recognizing the presence of a biogeographical boundary, now known as the Wallace Line, that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are almost entirely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect the influence of Australasia. The South Kensington Natural History Museum, London, co-ordinating commemorative events for the Wallace centenary worldwide in the 'Wallace100' project, created a website to celebrate Wallace's centenary. The museum holds the Wallace Collection of memorabilia including letters, Wallace's notebooks and other documents, and 28 drawers of insects and other specimens that he collected on his expeditions to the Malay Archipelago and to South America.", "Charles H. Smith (historian of science) Charles H. Smith (born September 30, 1950) is Professor Emeritus at Western Kentucky University (WKU). He is best known for his work as a historian/philosopher and bibliographer of science, especially for his expertise on the career of Alfred Russel Wallace. Smith was born in Winsted, Connecticut, and grew up in the nearby town of New Hartford. Since his undergraduate college years he has lived in Georgia, Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois, Australia, Pennsylvania, and, from 1995, Bowling Green, Kentucky. He created and maintains the website \"The Alfred Russel Wallace Page\" hosted by WKU and devoted to Wallace scholarship, which includes a comprehensive bibliography of Wallace's publications and interviews, texts of Wallace's works, and writings on Wallace by Smith and others. Smith has also produced a number of conventional writings on Wallace including the anthology \"Alfred Russel Wallace: An Anthology of His Shorter Writings\" published in 1991, a three-volume collection \"Alfred Russel Wallace: Writings on Evolution, 1843\u20131912\" published in 2004, an edited collection of writings \"Natural Selection and Beyond: The Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace\" published in 2008, \"Alfred Russel Wallace's 1886\u20131887 Travel Diary: The North American Lecture Tour\" published in 2013, \"Enqu\u00eate sur un Aventurier de l'Esprit: Le V\u00e9ritable Alfred Russel Wallace\" (translated by Antoine Guillemain) published in 2013, \"Dear Sir: Sixty-Nine Years of Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to the Editor\" published in 2014, \"An Alfred Russel Wallace Companion\" published in 2019, and about five dozen journal articles. Smith was originally trained as a biogeographer and has produced written work in that and cognate fields, including the bibliographic compilation \"Biodiversity Studies:"], "answer": {"text": "discoverer of natural selection and his work on zoogeography", "answer_start": 456}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_517929de78164837bdc2f0009adabb0d_0_q#1", "question": "What did you discover about vaccinations?", "rewrite": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace discover about vaccinations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ali Wallace (naturalist) Ali Wallace (\"fl.\" 1840-1907) was the name used by a Malay who accompanied and assisted Alfred Russel Wallace in his travels and explorations from 1855 to 1862. Initially recruited as a cook for his expedition, Ali was later responsible for independently collecting many significant specimens that are credited to Wallace. He also made observations of the birds and the people which were communicated to Wallace. It has been estimated that Ali collected and prepared nearly 5,150 bird specimens. Many of his specimens survive in collections of natural history museums. Alfred Russel Wallace travelled to the Malay archipelago in March 1854 along with his collecting assistant Charles Martin Allen (1839\u201392). During his travels he hired as many as 1200 people at various points of time and in various places. Among them some made an impression on him and were credited in his writings. When they arrived in Singapore on 18 April 1854, Wallace hired a Malay boy named Ali. He described him: Ali later became an expert at shooting and skinning birds. He accompanied Wallace and Allen and became one his most trusted servants. On Aru, it was probably Ali who collected the specimens of the king bird-of-paradise (\"Cicinnurus regius\"). He also collected an ivory-breasted pitta (described as \"Pitta gigas\") from Halmahera. Ali accompanied Wallace to New Guinea in 1858 before returning to Ternate. It was on Batchian on 24 August 1858 that Ali went to collect birds while Wallace collected insects. Wallace wrote: The species was named by George Robert Gray as \"Semioptera wallacii\" or Wallace's standardwing. While at Ternate, Ali married a woman and he did not join Wallace in 1859. Ali joined Wallace again in 1861 on a trip to the island of Bouru.", "The museum describes Wallace as \"Father of biogeography\", as a committed socialist, and as a spiritualist. The Royal Societyplanned a two-day discussion meeting in October 2013 for researchers on \"Alfred Russel Wallace and his legacy\", with speakers including George Beccaloni, Steve Jones, Lynne Parenti, Tim Caro and Martin Rees. Cardiff University's School of Earth & Ocean Sciences has planned a lecture series in 2013-2014 as part of the centenary commemoration of Wallace. Hertford Museum held several events including an evening of illustrated talks on 15 January 2014 at Hertford Theatre. Errol Fuller will discuss Wallace and the curious 19th century social phenomenon that guided his life and Dr Sandra Knapp will talk about Wallace\u2019s life and explorations in the Amazon. The Linnean Society held a two-day celebration of Wallace's centenary in Bournemouth on 7 and 8 June 2013, together with the Society for the History of Natural History, Bournemouth University and Bournemouth Natural Sciences Society. The event included talks about Wallace, his thoughts on natural selection, his evolutionary insights, and his notebooks and letters. A theatrical performance, 'You Should Ask Wallace', was put on by Theatre na n'Og. On the second day the group visited Wallace's grave and went on a nature walk in Wallace's memory. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ran a display of Wallace memorabilia including letters, photographs, artefacts made from plants, and herbarium specimens in 2013. \"Kew\" magazine likewise published an article \"The Wallace Connection\" to mark the centenary. The American Museum of Natural History, New York City, planned a talk by naturalist and broadcaster David Attenborough for 12 November 2013, entitled 'Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise'.", "Charles H. Smith (historian of science) Charles H. Smith (born September 30, 1950) is Professor Emeritus at Western Kentucky University (WKU). He is best known for his work as a historian/philosopher and bibliographer of science, especially for his expertise on the career of Alfred Russel Wallace. Smith was born in Winsted, Connecticut, and grew up in the nearby town of New Hartford. Since his undergraduate college years he has lived in Georgia, Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois, Australia, Pennsylvania, and, from 1995, Bowling Green, Kentucky. He created and maintains the website \"The Alfred Russel Wallace Page\" hosted by WKU and devoted to Wallace scholarship, which includes a comprehensive bibliography of Wallace's publications and interviews, texts of Wallace's works, and writings on Wallace by Smith and others. Smith has also produced a number of conventional writings on Wallace including the anthology \"Alfred Russel Wallace: An Anthology of His Shorter Writings\" published in 1991, a three-volume collection \"Alfred Russel Wallace: Writings on Evolution, 1843\u20131912\" published in 2004, an edited collection of writings \"Natural Selection and Beyond: The Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace\" published in 2008, \"Alfred Russel Wallace's 1886\u20131887 Travel Diary: The North American Lecture Tour\" published in 2013, \"Enqu\u00eate sur un Aventurier de l'Esprit: Le V\u00e9ritable Alfred Russel Wallace\" (translated by Antoine Guillemain) published in 2013, \"Dear Sir: Sixty-Nine Years of Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to the Editor\" published in 2014, \"An Alfred Russel Wallace Companion\" published in 2019, and about five dozen journal articles. Smith was originally trained as a biogeographer and has produced written work in that and cognate fields, including the bibliographic compilation \"Biodiversity Studies:", "Andrew Berry Andrew Berry (born 1963) is a British evolutionary biologist and historian of science with a particular interest in Alfred Wallace. He was a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and is currently a lecturer in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research combined field and laboratory methods to detect positive Darwinian selection (i.e. adaptive evolution) at the molecular level in natural populations. In addition to technical articles, he has published in the London Review of Books, Slate, and elsewhere. He has published two books: \"Infinite tropics: an Alfred Russel Wallace anthology\", 2003, with a foreword written by Stephen Jay Gould, and \"DNA: The Secret of Life\" with James D. Watson, 2003. In addition to lecturing at Harvard, he also leads a Harvard Summer Study Abroad program at Queen's College, Oxford on the history of evolutionary biology and on current ideas in the field. He teaches evolutionary biology regularly at Sabanc\u0131 University in Istanbul, Turkey, and is accordingly targeted by Turkish creationist organizations. Berry has worked on the script development for several major TV shows: \"Race, the Power of an Illusion\" in 2003 by PBS, the 5-part Channel 4 \"DNA\", and NOVA's \"Lord of the Ants\". In 2013, along with George Beccaloni, curator with a special interest in Orthopteroidea and the Alfred Russel Wallace collections at the Natural History Museum, London, Berry narrated a short animated film for \"The New York Times\" to celebrate the Alfred Russel Wallace's centenary. Andrew Berry was born in 1963 in London. His father is biologist R. J. Berry. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and then studied Zoology at St John's College, Oxford. He did his PhD under Martin Kreitman in evolutionary genetics at Princeton University.", "Alfred Russel Wallace centenary The centenary of the death of the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace on 7 November 1913 was marked in 2013 with events around the world to celebrate his life and work. The commemorations was co-ordinated by the Natural History Museum, London. Events between October 2013 and June 2014 were planned by the Natural History Museum and other organisations including the Zoological Society of London, Cardiff University, the University of Alberta, Dorset County Museum, Swansea Museum, Dorset Wildlife Trust, Ness Botanical Gardens (South Wirral), the Royal Society, the Linnean Society, the Harvard Museum of Natural History, the American Museum of Natural History, Hertford Museum and the National Museum of Wales. The naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist Alfred Russel Wallace (born 8 January 1823) died on 7 November 1913. He is principally remembered now for having independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection, which prompted Charles Darwin to publish \"On the Origin of Species\". Some of his books such as \"The Malay Archipelago\" remain in print; it is considered one of the best accounts of scientific exploration published during the 19th century. Wallace is also remembered for recognizing the presence of a biogeographical boundary, now known as the Wallace Line, that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are almost entirely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect the influence of Australasia. The South Kensington Natural History Museum, London, co-ordinating commemorative events for the Wallace centenary worldwide in the 'Wallace100' project, created a website to celebrate Wallace's centenary. The museum holds the Wallace Collection of memorabilia including letters, Wallace's notebooks and other documents, and 28 drawers of insects and other specimens that he collected on his expeditions to the Malay Archipelago and to South America."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "discoverer of natural selection and his work on zoogeography", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_517929de78164837bdc2f0009adabb0d_0_q#2", "question": "What did Wallace do in 1890?", "rewrite": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace do in 1890?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Alfred Russel Wallace centenary The centenary of the death of the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace on 7 November 1913 was marked in 2013 with events around the world to celebrate his life and work. The commemorations was co-ordinated by the Natural History Museum, London. Events between October 2013 and June 2014 were planned by the Natural History Museum and other organisations including the Zoological Society of London, Cardiff University, the University of Alberta, Dorset County Museum, Swansea Museum, Dorset Wildlife Trust, Ness Botanical Gardens (South Wirral), the Royal Society, the Linnean Society, the Harvard Museum of Natural History, the American Museum of Natural History, Hertford Museum and the National Museum of Wales. The naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist Alfred Russel Wallace (born 8 January 1823) died on 7 November 1913. He is principally remembered now for having independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection, which prompted Charles Darwin to publish \"On the Origin of Species\". Some of his books such as \"The Malay Archipelago\" remain in print; it is considered one of the best accounts of scientific exploration published during the 19th century. Wallace is also remembered for recognizing the presence of a biogeographical boundary, now known as the Wallace Line, that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are almost entirely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect the influence of Australasia. The South Kensington Natural History Museum, London, co-ordinating commemorative events for the Wallace centenary worldwide in the 'Wallace100' project, created a website to celebrate Wallace's centenary. The museum holds the Wallace Collection of memorabilia including letters, Wallace's notebooks and other documents, and 28 drawers of insects and other specimens that he collected on his expeditions to the Malay Archipelago and to South America.", "Andrew Berry Andrew Berry (born 1963) is a British evolutionary biologist and historian of science with a particular interest in Alfred Wallace. He was a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and is currently a lecturer in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research combined field and laboratory methods to detect positive Darwinian selection (i.e. adaptive evolution) at the molecular level in natural populations. In addition to technical articles, he has published in the London Review of Books, Slate, and elsewhere. He has published two books: \"Infinite tropics: an Alfred Russel Wallace anthology\", 2003, with a foreword written by Stephen Jay Gould, and \"DNA: The Secret of Life\" with James D. Watson, 2003. In addition to lecturing at Harvard, he also leads a Harvard Summer Study Abroad program at Queen's College, Oxford on the history of evolutionary biology and on current ideas in the field. He teaches evolutionary biology regularly at Sabanc\u0131 University in Istanbul, Turkey, and is accordingly targeted by Turkish creationist organizations. Berry has worked on the script development for several major TV shows: \"Race, the Power of an Illusion\" in 2003 by PBS, the 5-part Channel 4 \"DNA\", and NOVA's \"Lord of the Ants\". In 2013, along with George Beccaloni, curator with a special interest in Orthopteroidea and the Alfred Russel Wallace collections at the Natural History Museum, London, Berry narrated a short animated film for \"The New York Times\" to celebrate the Alfred Russel Wallace's centenary. Andrew Berry was born in 1963 in London. His father is biologist R. J. Berry. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and then studied Zoology at St John's College, Oxford. He did his PhD under Martin Kreitman in evolutionary genetics at Princeton University.", "The museum describes Wallace as \"Father of biogeography\", as a committed socialist, and as a spiritualist. The Royal Societyplanned a two-day discussion meeting in October 2013 for researchers on \"Alfred Russel Wallace and his legacy\", with speakers including George Beccaloni, Steve Jones, Lynne Parenti, Tim Caro and Martin Rees. Cardiff University's School of Earth & Ocean Sciences has planned a lecture series in 2013-2014 as part of the centenary commemoration of Wallace. Hertford Museum held several events including an evening of illustrated talks on 15 January 2014 at Hertford Theatre. Errol Fuller will discuss Wallace and the curious 19th century social phenomenon that guided his life and Dr Sandra Knapp will talk about Wallace\u2019s life and explorations in the Amazon. The Linnean Society held a two-day celebration of Wallace's centenary in Bournemouth on 7 and 8 June 2013, together with the Society for the History of Natural History, Bournemouth University and Bournemouth Natural Sciences Society. The event included talks about Wallace, his thoughts on natural selection, his evolutionary insights, and his notebooks and letters. A theatrical performance, 'You Should Ask Wallace', was put on by Theatre na n'Og. On the second day the group visited Wallace's grave and went on a nature walk in Wallace's memory. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ran a display of Wallace memorabilia including letters, photographs, artefacts made from plants, and herbarium specimens in 2013. \"Kew\" magazine likewise published an article \"The Wallace Connection\" to mark the centenary. The American Museum of Natural History, New York City, planned a talk by naturalist and broadcaster David Attenborough for 12 November 2013, entitled 'Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise'.", "Charles H. Smith (historian of science) Charles H. Smith (born September 30, 1950) is Professor Emeritus at Western Kentucky University (WKU). He is best known for his work as a historian/philosopher and bibliographer of science, especially for his expertise on the career of Alfred Russel Wallace. Smith was born in Winsted, Connecticut, and grew up in the nearby town of New Hartford. Since his undergraduate college years he has lived in Georgia, Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois, Australia, Pennsylvania, and, from 1995, Bowling Green, Kentucky. He created and maintains the website \"The Alfred Russel Wallace Page\" hosted by WKU and devoted to Wallace scholarship, which includes a comprehensive bibliography of Wallace's publications and interviews, texts of Wallace's works, and writings on Wallace by Smith and others. Smith has also produced a number of conventional writings on Wallace including the anthology \"Alfred Russel Wallace: An Anthology of His Shorter Writings\" published in 1991, a three-volume collection \"Alfred Russel Wallace: Writings on Evolution, 1843\u20131912\" published in 2004, an edited collection of writings \"Natural Selection and Beyond: The Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace\" published in 2008, \"Alfred Russel Wallace's 1886\u20131887 Travel Diary: The North American Lecture Tour\" published in 2013, \"Enqu\u00eate sur un Aventurier de l'Esprit: Le V\u00e9ritable Alfred Russel Wallace\" (translated by Antoine Guillemain) published in 2013, \"Dear Sir: Sixty-Nine Years of Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to the Editor\" published in 2014, \"An Alfred Russel Wallace Companion\" published in 2019, and about five dozen journal articles. Smith was originally trained as a biogeographer and has produced written work in that and cognate fields, including the bibliographic compilation \"Biodiversity Studies:", "Ali Wallace (naturalist) Ali Wallace (\"fl.\" 1840-1907) was the name used by a Malay who accompanied and assisted Alfred Russel Wallace in his travels and explorations from 1855 to 1862. Initially recruited as a cook for his expedition, Ali was later responsible for independently collecting many significant specimens that are credited to Wallace. He also made observations of the birds and the people which were communicated to Wallace. It has been estimated that Ali collected and prepared nearly 5,150 bird specimens. Many of his specimens survive in collections of natural history museums. Alfred Russel Wallace travelled to the Malay archipelago in March 1854 along with his collecting assistant Charles Martin Allen (1839\u201392). During his travels he hired as many as 1200 people at various points of time and in various places. Among them some made an impression on him and were credited in his writings. When they arrived in Singapore on 18 April 1854, Wallace hired a Malay boy named Ali. He described him: Ali later became an expert at shooting and skinning birds. He accompanied Wallace and Allen and became one his most trusted servants. On Aru, it was probably Ali who collected the specimens of the king bird-of-paradise (\"Cicinnurus regius\"). He also collected an ivory-breasted pitta (described as \"Pitta gigas\") from Halmahera. Ali accompanied Wallace to New Guinea in 1858 before returning to Ternate. It was on Batchian on 24 August 1858 that Ali went to collect birds while Wallace collected insects. Wallace wrote: The species was named by George Robert Gray as \"Semioptera wallacii\" or Wallace's standardwing. While at Ternate, Ali married a woman and he did not join Wallace in 1859. Ali joined Wallace again in 1861 on a trip to the island of Bouru."], "answer": {"text": "He received honorary doctorates and a number of professional honours,", "answer_start": 239}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "discoverer of natural selection and his work on zoogeography", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did you discover about vaccinations?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_517929de78164837bdc2f0009adabb0d_0_q#3", "question": "Did Wallace receive any other doctorates?", "rewrite": "Did Alfred Russel Wallace receive any other doctorates aside from the honorary ones?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Andrew Berry Andrew Berry (born 1963) is a British evolutionary biologist and historian of science with a particular interest in Alfred Wallace. He was a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and is currently a lecturer in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research combined field and laboratory methods to detect positive Darwinian selection (i.e. adaptive evolution) at the molecular level in natural populations. In addition to technical articles, he has published in the London Review of Books, Slate, and elsewhere. He has published two books: \"Infinite tropics: an Alfred Russel Wallace anthology\", 2003, with a foreword written by Stephen Jay Gould, and \"DNA: The Secret of Life\" with James D. Watson, 2003. In addition to lecturing at Harvard, he also leads a Harvard Summer Study Abroad program at Queen's College, Oxford on the history of evolutionary biology and on current ideas in the field. He teaches evolutionary biology regularly at Sabanc\u0131 University in Istanbul, Turkey, and is accordingly targeted by Turkish creationist organizations. Berry has worked on the script development for several major TV shows: \"Race, the Power of an Illusion\" in 2003 by PBS, the 5-part Channel 4 \"DNA\", and NOVA's \"Lord of the Ants\". In 2013, along with George Beccaloni, curator with a special interest in Orthopteroidea and the Alfred Russel Wallace collections at the Natural History Museum, London, Berry narrated a short animated film for \"The New York Times\" to celebrate the Alfred Russel Wallace's centenary. Andrew Berry was born in 1963 in London. His father is biologist R. J. Berry. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and then studied Zoology at St John's College, Oxford. He did his PhD under Martin Kreitman in evolutionary genetics at Princeton University.", "Charles H. Smith (historian of science) Charles H. Smith (born September 30, 1950) is Professor Emeritus at Western Kentucky University (WKU). He is best known for his work as a historian/philosopher and bibliographer of science, especially for his expertise on the career of Alfred Russel Wallace. Smith was born in Winsted, Connecticut, and grew up in the nearby town of New Hartford. Since his undergraduate college years he has lived in Georgia, Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois, Australia, Pennsylvania, and, from 1995, Bowling Green, Kentucky. He created and maintains the website \"The Alfred Russel Wallace Page\" hosted by WKU and devoted to Wallace scholarship, which includes a comprehensive bibliography of Wallace's publications and interviews, texts of Wallace's works, and writings on Wallace by Smith and others. Smith has also produced a number of conventional writings on Wallace including the anthology \"Alfred Russel Wallace: An Anthology of His Shorter Writings\" published in 1991, a three-volume collection \"Alfred Russel Wallace: Writings on Evolution, 1843\u20131912\" published in 2004, an edited collection of writings \"Natural Selection and Beyond: The Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace\" published in 2008, \"Alfred Russel Wallace's 1886\u20131887 Travel Diary: The North American Lecture Tour\" published in 2013, \"Enqu\u00eate sur un Aventurier de l'Esprit: Le V\u00e9ritable Alfred Russel Wallace\" (translated by Antoine Guillemain) published in 2013, \"Dear Sir: Sixty-Nine Years of Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to the Editor\" published in 2014, \"An Alfred Russel Wallace Companion\" published in 2019, and about five dozen journal articles. Smith was originally trained as a biogeographer and has produced written work in that and cognate fields, including the bibliographic compilation \"Biodiversity Studies:", "Ali Wallace (naturalist) Ali Wallace (\"fl.\" 1840-1907) was the name used by a Malay who accompanied and assisted Alfred Russel Wallace in his travels and explorations from 1855 to 1862. Initially recruited as a cook for his expedition, Ali was later responsible for independently collecting many significant specimens that are credited to Wallace. He also made observations of the birds and the people which were communicated to Wallace. It has been estimated that Ali collected and prepared nearly 5,150 bird specimens. Many of his specimens survive in collections of natural history museums. Alfred Russel Wallace travelled to the Malay archipelago in March 1854 along with his collecting assistant Charles Martin Allen (1839\u201392). During his travels he hired as many as 1200 people at various points of time and in various places. Among them some made an impression on him and were credited in his writings. When they arrived in Singapore on 18 April 1854, Wallace hired a Malay boy named Ali. He described him: Ali later became an expert at shooting and skinning birds. He accompanied Wallace and Allen and became one his most trusted servants. On Aru, it was probably Ali who collected the specimens of the king bird-of-paradise (\"Cicinnurus regius\"). He also collected an ivory-breasted pitta (described as \"Pitta gigas\") from Halmahera. Ali accompanied Wallace to New Guinea in 1858 before returning to Ternate. It was on Batchian on 24 August 1858 that Ali went to collect birds while Wallace collected insects. Wallace wrote: The species was named by George Robert Gray as \"Semioptera wallacii\" or Wallace's standardwing. While at Ternate, Ali married a woman and he did not join Wallace in 1859. Ali joined Wallace again in 1861 on a trip to the island of Bouru.", "Alfred Russel Wallace centenary The centenary of the death of the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace on 7 November 1913 was marked in 2013 with events around the world to celebrate his life and work. The commemorations was co-ordinated by the Natural History Museum, London. Events between October 2013 and June 2014 were planned by the Natural History Museum and other organisations including the Zoological Society of London, Cardiff University, the University of Alberta, Dorset County Museum, Swansea Museum, Dorset Wildlife Trust, Ness Botanical Gardens (South Wirral), the Royal Society, the Linnean Society, the Harvard Museum of Natural History, the American Museum of Natural History, Hertford Museum and the National Museum of Wales. The naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist Alfred Russel Wallace (born 8 January 1823) died on 7 November 1913. He is principally remembered now for having independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection, which prompted Charles Darwin to publish \"On the Origin of Species\". Some of his books such as \"The Malay Archipelago\" remain in print; it is considered one of the best accounts of scientific exploration published during the 19th century. Wallace is also remembered for recognizing the presence of a biogeographical boundary, now known as the Wallace Line, that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are almost entirely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect the influence of Australasia. The South Kensington Natural History Museum, London, co-ordinating commemorative events for the Wallace centenary worldwide in the 'Wallace100' project, created a website to celebrate Wallace's centenary. The museum holds the Wallace Collection of memorabilia including letters, Wallace's notebooks and other documents, and 28 drawers of insects and other specimens that he collected on his expeditions to the Malay Archipelago and to South America.", "The museum describes Wallace as \"Father of biogeography\", as a committed socialist, and as a spiritualist. The Royal Societyplanned a two-day discussion meeting in October 2013 for researchers on \"Alfred Russel Wallace and his legacy\", with speakers including George Beccaloni, Steve Jones, Lynne Parenti, Tim Caro and Martin Rees. Cardiff University's School of Earth & Ocean Sciences has planned a lecture series in 2013-2014 as part of the centenary commemoration of Wallace. Hertford Museum held several events including an evening of illustrated talks on 15 January 2014 at Hertford Theatre. Errol Fuller will discuss Wallace and the curious 19th century social phenomenon that guided his life and Dr Sandra Knapp will talk about Wallace\u2019s life and explorations in the Amazon. The Linnean Society held a two-day celebration of Wallace's centenary in Bournemouth on 7 and 8 June 2013, together with the Society for the History of Natural History, Bournemouth University and Bournemouth Natural Sciences Society. The event included talks about Wallace, his thoughts on natural selection, his evolutionary insights, and his notebooks and letters. A theatrical performance, 'You Should Ask Wallace', was put on by Theatre na n'Og. On the second day the group visited Wallace's grave and went on a nature walk in Wallace's memory. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ran a display of Wallace memorabilia including letters, photographs, artefacts made from plants, and herbarium specimens in 2013. \"Kew\" magazine likewise published an article \"The Wallace Connection\" to mark the centenary. The American Museum of Natural History, New York City, planned a talk by naturalist and broadcaster David Attenborough for 12 November 2013, entitled 'Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise'."], "answer": {"text": "honorary doctorates", "answer_start": 251}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "discoverer of natural selection and his work on zoogeography", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did you discover about vaccinations?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Wallace do in 1890?", "answer": {"text": "He received honorary doctorates and a number of professional honours,", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_517929de78164837bdc2f0009adabb0d_0_q#4", "question": "What was Wallace's work on zoogeography?", "rewrite": "What was Alfred Russel Wallace's work on zoogeography?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Charles H. Smith (historian of science) Charles H. Smith (born September 30, 1950) is Professor Emeritus at Western Kentucky University (WKU). He is best known for his work as a historian/philosopher and bibliographer of science, especially for his expertise on the career of Alfred Russel Wallace. Smith was born in Winsted, Connecticut, and grew up in the nearby town of New Hartford. Since his undergraduate college years he has lived in Georgia, Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois, Australia, Pennsylvania, and, from 1995, Bowling Green, Kentucky. He created and maintains the website \"The Alfred Russel Wallace Page\" hosted by WKU and devoted to Wallace scholarship, which includes a comprehensive bibliography of Wallace's publications and interviews, texts of Wallace's works, and writings on Wallace by Smith and others. Smith has also produced a number of conventional writings on Wallace including the anthology \"Alfred Russel Wallace: An Anthology of His Shorter Writings\" published in 1991, a three-volume collection \"Alfred Russel Wallace: Writings on Evolution, 1843\u20131912\" published in 2004, an edited collection of writings \"Natural Selection and Beyond: The Intellectual Legacy of Alfred Russel Wallace\" published in 2008, \"Alfred Russel Wallace's 1886\u20131887 Travel Diary: The North American Lecture Tour\" published in 2013, \"Enqu\u00eate sur un Aventurier de l'Esprit: Le V\u00e9ritable Alfred Russel Wallace\" (translated by Antoine Guillemain) published in 2013, \"Dear Sir: Sixty-Nine Years of Alfred Russel Wallace Letters to the Editor\" published in 2014, \"An Alfred Russel Wallace Companion\" published in 2019, and about five dozen journal articles. Smith was originally trained as a biogeographer and has produced written work in that and cognate fields, including the bibliographic compilation \"Biodiversity Studies:", "The museum describes Wallace as \"Father of biogeography\", as a committed socialist, and as a spiritualist. The Royal Societyplanned a two-day discussion meeting in October 2013 for researchers on \"Alfred Russel Wallace and his legacy\", with speakers including George Beccaloni, Steve Jones, Lynne Parenti, Tim Caro and Martin Rees. Cardiff University's School of Earth & Ocean Sciences has planned a lecture series in 2013-2014 as part of the centenary commemoration of Wallace. Hertford Museum held several events including an evening of illustrated talks on 15 January 2014 at Hertford Theatre. Errol Fuller will discuss Wallace and the curious 19th century social phenomenon that guided his life and Dr Sandra Knapp will talk about Wallace\u2019s life and explorations in the Amazon. The Linnean Society held a two-day celebration of Wallace's centenary in Bournemouth on 7 and 8 June 2013, together with the Society for the History of Natural History, Bournemouth University and Bournemouth Natural Sciences Society. The event included talks about Wallace, his thoughts on natural selection, his evolutionary insights, and his notebooks and letters. A theatrical performance, 'You Should Ask Wallace', was put on by Theatre na n'Og. On the second day the group visited Wallace's grave and went on a nature walk in Wallace's memory. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ran a display of Wallace memorabilia including letters, photographs, artefacts made from plants, and herbarium specimens in 2013. \"Kew\" magazine likewise published an article \"The Wallace Connection\" to mark the centenary. The American Museum of Natural History, New York City, planned a talk by naturalist and broadcaster David Attenborough for 12 November 2013, entitled 'Alfred Russel Wallace and the Birds of Paradise'.", "Andrew Berry Andrew Berry (born 1963) is a British evolutionary biologist and historian of science with a particular interest in Alfred Wallace. He was a Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows and is currently a lecturer in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. His research combined field and laboratory methods to detect positive Darwinian selection (i.e. adaptive evolution) at the molecular level in natural populations. In addition to technical articles, he has published in the London Review of Books, Slate, and elsewhere. He has published two books: \"Infinite tropics: an Alfred Russel Wallace anthology\", 2003, with a foreword written by Stephen Jay Gould, and \"DNA: The Secret of Life\" with James D. Watson, 2003. In addition to lecturing at Harvard, he also leads a Harvard Summer Study Abroad program at Queen's College, Oxford on the history of evolutionary biology and on current ideas in the field. He teaches evolutionary biology regularly at Sabanc\u0131 University in Istanbul, Turkey, and is accordingly targeted by Turkish creationist organizations. Berry has worked on the script development for several major TV shows: \"Race, the Power of an Illusion\" in 2003 by PBS, the 5-part Channel 4 \"DNA\", and NOVA's \"Lord of the Ants\". In 2013, along with George Beccaloni, curator with a special interest in Orthopteroidea and the Alfred Russel Wallace collections at the Natural History Museum, London, Berry narrated a short animated film for \"The New York Times\" to celebrate the Alfred Russel Wallace's centenary. Andrew Berry was born in 1963 in London. His father is biologist R. J. Berry. He was educated at Shrewsbury School and then studied Zoology at St John's College, Oxford. He did his PhD under Martin Kreitman in evolutionary genetics at Princeton University.", "Ali Wallace (naturalist) Ali Wallace (\"fl.\" 1840-1907) was the name used by a Malay who accompanied and assisted Alfred Russel Wallace in his travels and explorations from 1855 to 1862. Initially recruited as a cook for his expedition, Ali was later responsible for independently collecting many significant specimens that are credited to Wallace. He also made observations of the birds and the people which were communicated to Wallace. It has been estimated that Ali collected and prepared nearly 5,150 bird specimens. Many of his specimens survive in collections of natural history museums. Alfred Russel Wallace travelled to the Malay archipelago in March 1854 along with his collecting assistant Charles Martin Allen (1839\u201392). During his travels he hired as many as 1200 people at various points of time and in various places. Among them some made an impression on him and were credited in his writings. When they arrived in Singapore on 18 April 1854, Wallace hired a Malay boy named Ali. He described him: Ali later became an expert at shooting and skinning birds. He accompanied Wallace and Allen and became one his most trusted servants. On Aru, it was probably Ali who collected the specimens of the king bird-of-paradise (\"Cicinnurus regius\"). He also collected an ivory-breasted pitta (described as \"Pitta gigas\") from Halmahera. Ali accompanied Wallace to New Guinea in 1858 before returning to Ternate. It was on Batchian on 24 August 1858 that Ali went to collect birds while Wallace collected insects. Wallace wrote: The species was named by George Robert Gray as \"Semioptera wallacii\" or Wallace's standardwing. While at Ternate, Ali married a woman and he did not join Wallace in 1859. Ali joined Wallace again in 1861 on a trip to the island of Bouru.", "Alfred Russel Wallace centenary The centenary of the death of the naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace on 7 November 1913 was marked in 2013 with events around the world to celebrate his life and work. The commemorations was co-ordinated by the Natural History Museum, London. Events between October 2013 and June 2014 were planned by the Natural History Museum and other organisations including the Zoological Society of London, Cardiff University, the University of Alberta, Dorset County Museum, Swansea Museum, Dorset Wildlife Trust, Ness Botanical Gardens (South Wirral), the Royal Society, the Linnean Society, the Harvard Museum of Natural History, the American Museum of Natural History, Hertford Museum and the National Museum of Wales. The naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist and biologist Alfred Russel Wallace (born 8 January 1823) died on 7 November 1913. He is principally remembered now for having independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection, which prompted Charles Darwin to publish \"On the Origin of Species\". Some of his books such as \"The Malay Archipelago\" remain in print; it is considered one of the best accounts of scientific exploration published during the 19th century. Wallace is also remembered for recognizing the presence of a biogeographical boundary, now known as the Wallace Line, that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are almost entirely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect the influence of Australasia. The South Kensington Natural History Museum, London, co-ordinating commemorative events for the Wallace centenary worldwide in the 'Wallace100' project, created a website to celebrate Wallace's centenary. The museum holds the Wallace Collection of memorabilia including letters, Wallace's notebooks and other documents, and 28 drawers of insects and other specimens that he collected on his expeditions to the Malay Archipelago and to South America."], "answer": {"text": "Wallace discovered exotic species.", "answer_start": 268}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Alfred Russel Wallace accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "discoverer of natural selection and his work on zoogeography", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did you discover about vaccinations?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Wallace do in 1890?", "answer": {"text": "He received honorary doctorates and a number of professional honours,", "answer_start": 239, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Wallace receive any other doctorates?", "answer": {"text": "honorary doctorates", "answer_start": 251, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee34e020a7a4b5196900dc6a3e548c7_1_q#0", "question": "Did Megawati become chair of PDI?", "rewrite": "Did Megawati become chair of PDI?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member. In December 1993, PDI held a National Congress. As was always the case when New Order opposition parties held their congresses, the Government actively interfered. As the Congress approached, three individuals contended for the Chair of PDI. The incumbent, Suryadi, had become critical of the Government. The second was Budi Harjono a Government-friendly figure whom the Government backed. The third was Megawati. Her candidacy received such overwhelming support that her election at the Congress became a formality. When the Congress assembled, the Government stalled and delayed attempts to hold the election. The Congress faced a deadline when their permit to assemble would run out. As the hours ticked down to the end of the Congress, troops began gathering. With only two hours remaining, Megawati called a press conference, stating that because she enjoyed the support of a majority of PDI members, she was now the de facto Chair. Despite her relative lack of political experience, she was popular in part for her status as Sukarno's daughter and because she was seen as free of corruption with admirable personal qualities. Under her leadership, PDI gained a large following among the urban poor and both urban and rural middle classes. The Government was outraged at its failure to prevent Megawati's rise. They never acknowledged Megawati although her self-appointment was ratified in 1994. In 1996, the Government convened a Special National Congress in Medan that reelected Suryadi as Chair. Megawati and her camp refused to acknowledge the results and PDI divided into pro-Megawati and anti-Megawati camps. Suryadi began threatening to take back PDI's Headquarters in Jakarta. This threat came true during the morning of 27 July 1996.", "With the Government's backing, Suryadi was re-elected as PDI's Chairperson. Megawati refused to acknowledge the results of this congress and continued to see herself as the rightful leader of PDI. Suryadi began threatening to take back PDI's Headquarters in Jakarta. This threat came true during the morning of 27 July 1996. That morning, Suryadi's supporters (reportedly with the Government's backing) attacked the PDI Headquarters and faced resistance from Megawati supporters who had been stationed there ever since the National Congress in Medan. In the ensuing fight, Megawati's supporters managed to hold on to the headquarters. A riot then ensued, followed by a crackdown by the Government. The Government would later blame the riots on the People's Democratic Party. PDI was now divided into two factions, Megawati's faction and Suryadi's faction. In the 1997 Legislative Elections, Mega and her faction threw their votes behind PPP while PDI languished with only 3% of the votes. In October 1998, after Suharto's fall, Megawati declared the formation of Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P) to differentiate her faction of PDI from the Government backed one. PDI participated in the 1999 legislative elections and won two seats, but refused to ratify the election results. This was not enough to pass the electoral threshold to allow the party to participate in the following elections in 2004. After failing to join with other parties to reach the threshold, the party renamed itself the Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party", "In mid-1997, Indonesia began to be affected by the Asian Financial Crisis and showed severe economic distress. By late January 1998 the rupiah fell to nearly 15,000 against the US dollar, compared to only 4,000 in early December. Combined with increasing public anger at pervasive corruption, this culminated in May 1998 with Suharto's resignation and the assumption of that office by Vice President B. J. Habibie. The restrictions on Megawati were removed and she began to consolidate her political position. In October 1998, her supporters held a National Congress whereby Megawati's PDI faction would now be known as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P). Megawati was elected Chair and was nominated as PDI-P's presidential candidate. PDI-P, together with Abdurrahman Wahid's National Awakening Party (PKB) and Amien Rais' National Mandate Party (PAN), became the leading reform forces. Despite their popularity, Megawati, Wahid and Rais adopted a moderate stance, preferring to wait until the 1999 legislative elections to begin major changes. In November 1998, Megawati, together with Wahid, Rais and Hamengkubuwono X reiterated their commitment to reform through the Ciganjur Statement. As the elections approached, Megawati, Wahid and Amien considered forming a political coalition against President Habibie and Golkar. In May, Alwi Shihab held a press conference at his house during which Megawati, Wahid and Amien were to announce that they would work together. At the last minute, Megawati chose not to attend, because she decided that she could not trust Amien. In June, the elections were held and PDI-P came first with 33% of the votes.", "Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (, PDI-P) is an Indonesian political party, and the party of the current President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo. The PDI-P was founded and is currently led by Megawati Sukarnoputri, president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004, and daughter of Sukarno, the first president of Indonesia. Megawati was forced out from the leadership of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) by the government of Indonesia under Suharto in 1996. Megawati formed the PDI-P in 1999, after Suharto resigned and restrictions on political parties were lifted. The party's centre-left ideology is based on the official Indonesian national philosophy, \"Pancasila\". It is a member of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats and Progressive Alliance. At the 1993 National Congress, Megawati Sukarnoputri was elected Chairperson of the Indonesian Democratic Party, one of the three political parties recognised by President Suharto's \"New Order\" government. This result was not recognised by the government, which continued to push for Budi Harjono, its preferred candidate for the chairpersonship, to be elected. A Special Congress was held where the government expected to have Harjono elected, but Megawati once again emerged as elected leader. Her position was consolidated further when a PDI National Assembly ratified the results of the congress. In June 1996, another National Congress was held in the city of Medan, to which Megawati was not invited; anti-Megawati members were in attendance. With the government's backing, Suryadi, a former chairperson was re-elected as PDI's Chairperson. Megawati refused to acknowledge the results of this congress and continued to see herself as the rightful leader of the PDI.", "On the morning of 27 July 1996, Suryadi threatened to take back PDI's headquarters in Jakarta. Suryadi's supporters (reportedly with the Government's backing) attacked the PDI Headquarters and faced resistance from Megawati supporters who had been stationed there since the National Congress in Medan. In the ensuing clash, Megawati's supporters managed to hold on to the headquarters. A riot ensued \u2014 at that stage considered the worst that Jakarta had seen during the \"New Order\" \u2014 which was followed by a government crackdown. The government later blamed the riots on the People's Democracy Party (PRD). Despite being overthrown as chairperson by Suryadi and the government, the event lifted Megawati's profile immensely, providing both sympathy and national popularity. The PDI was now divided into two factions, Megawati's and Suryadi's. The former had wanted to participate in the 1997 legislative elections, but the government only recognized the latter. In the elections, Megawati and her supporters threw their support behind the United Development Party and the PDI won only 3% of the vote. Following Suharto's resignation and the lifting of the \"New Order\" limitations on national political parties, Megawati declared the formation of the PDI-P, adding the suffix \"perjuangan\" (\"struggle\") to differentiate her faction of the party from the government-backed faction. She was elected chairperson of PDI-P and was nominated for the presidency in 1999. PDI-P was by far the most popular political party coming into the 1999 legislative elections. With 33% of the votes, PDI-P emerged with the largest share."], "answer": {"text": "Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3ee34e020a7a4b5196900dc6a3e548c7_1_q#1", "question": "What year was she first elected?", "rewrite": "What year was Megawali first elected as chair of PDI?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["PDI won their only Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film for \"Shrek\" in 2002, which was the first time it was awarded. PDI/ DreamWorks has won nine Scientific and Technical Academy Awards. The first was awarded to Les Dittert, along with others, in 1994 for work in the area of film scanning. The second was awarded to Carl Rosendahl, Richard Chuang and Glenn Entis in 1997 for the concept and architecture of the PDI animation system. This award in particular recognized their pioneering work in computer animation dating back to the founding of PDI 17 years earlier. Nick Foster was given an award in 1998 for PDI's fluid animation system (flu), and in 2002 Dick Walsh was given one for the development of PDI's Facial Animation System. In 2010, Eric Tabellion and Arnauld Lamorlette were given one for PDI's global illumination rendering system first used on \"Shrek 2\". This was the first use of global illumination in an animated feature film, a technique which is commonplace today. In 2013, Lawrence Kesteloot, Drew Olbrich and Daniel Wexler were given an award for PDI's lighting tool, called \"light.\" This tool was developed in 1996 for PDI's first feature film, \"Antz\", and was used until 2015 at PDI and DreamWorks Animation some 25 films later. In 2015, Scott Peterson, Jeff Budsberg and Jonathan Gibbs were awarded for the studio's foliage (trees and vegetation) system. This system was first used on \"Shrek\" and continues to be used today. At the same ceremony, Karl Rasche was awarded along with engineers from HP for his part in the creation of the \"DreamColor\" monitor.", "Prior to the closing, the CEC of PDI held another meeting from 13.00 until 15.00. The congress was eventually closed on the decided date by Soepardjo. On the closing of the congress, the party decided to handover the formation of the CEC to the Ministry of Home Affairs. The handover was the first time in history of Indonesia the formation of a party CEC was handed to the government. The formation by the Ministry of Home Affairs marked a \"de jure\" intervention of PDI by the government. The disorganized closing of the congress caused outrage in PDI. Steve Nafuni, the chairman of the Irian Jaya branch of PDI, stated that the congress was a setback from the previous congress. A harsher critic was delivered by the PDI delegate from Blora, that stated that \"the chaos of the closing can be considered as a crime done by the old CEC of PDI for wasting 150 million spent by the regional government.\" Ipik Asmasubrata, the chairman of the Jakarta branch of PDI, cursed the congress by saying \"The mess occurred due to the incompetent CEC of the party. I am embarassed. \" Ipik and other delegations from East Java, Bali, and Lampung, blame Sabam and Merukh about the failure of the congress. A softer reaction came from outside PDI. Sudharmono and Soepardjo Rustam stated that \"the congress was the best effort by PDI, and all cadres of PDI should bear the results\". Nurhasan Ibnu Hajar from the United Development Party, stated that the congress was a sign that the fusion inside PDI was imperfect, and the party required another generation to complete the fusion.", "Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member. In December 1993, PDI held a National Congress. As was always the case when New Order opposition parties held their congresses, the Government actively interfered. As the Congress approached, three individuals contended for the Chair of PDI. The incumbent, Suryadi, had become critical of the Government. The second was Budi Harjono a Government-friendly figure whom the Government backed. The third was Megawati. Her candidacy received such overwhelming support that her election at the Congress became a formality. When the Congress assembled, the Government stalled and delayed attempts to hold the election. The Congress faced a deadline when their permit to assemble would run out. As the hours ticked down to the end of the Congress, troops began gathering. With only two hours remaining, Megawati called a press conference, stating that because she enjoyed the support of a majority of PDI members, she was now the de facto Chair. Despite her relative lack of political experience, she was popular in part for her status as Sukarno's daughter and because she was seen as free of corruption with admirable personal qualities. Under her leadership, PDI gained a large following among the urban poor and both urban and rural middle classes. The Government was outraged at its failure to prevent Megawati's rise. They never acknowledged Megawati although her self-appointment was ratified in 1994. In 1996, the Government convened a Special National Congress in Medan that reelected Suryadi as Chair. Megawati and her camp refused to acknowledge the results and PDI divided into pro-Megawati and anti-Megawati camps. Suryadi began threatening to take back PDI's Headquarters in Jakarta. This threat came true during the morning of 27 July 1996.", "PDI's first feature film \"Antz\" was released by DreamWorks Pictures in 1998. This was followed by \"Shrek\" in 2001. After the success of \"Antz\", in 2000 Carl Rosendahl sold his remaining interest in PDI to DreamWorks. PDI was renamed PDI/DreamWorks and continued to operate as a stand-alone business unit. Rosendahl left PDI in February 2000 to become managing director for Mobius Venture Capital, where he focused on investments in the technology and media companies. In May 2001, this sale essentially united the two studios, PDI and DreamWorks, into a single entity which went public a few years later as DreamWorks Animation (DWA). PDI stopped making commercials in 2002. The PDI studio was now known as PDI/DreamWorks. Animators at PDI worked on projects based at the PDI studio, but also assisted in DWA projects based in the Glendale DWA studio. In 2008, Richard Chuang, the last of the initial three, left the company to pursue his own ventures. On January 22, 2015, PDI/DreamWorks completely shut down as part of its parent company's larger restructuring efforts. PDI/ DreamWorks has produced \"Antz\" (1998), \"Shrek\" (2001), \"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Madagascar\" (2005), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), \"\" (2008), \"Megamind\" (2010), \"\" (2012), \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" (2014) and \"Penguins of Madagascar\" (2014). With US$441.2 million in domestic box-office ticket sales, \"Shrek 2\" is currently the ninth highest grossing animated film of all time in the United States.", "The 1977 Legislative Elections would also see a tense political battle between Golkar and PPP. The Government became worried that with PDI struggling to function as a party, Indonesian society would be polarized into a secular camp (Golkar) and an Islamic camp (PPP). To counter this, the Government decided to actively intervene into PDI's affairs and make it into a 3rd Party to prevent the polarization that it feared. Measures were taken by the Government to keep PDI going as a Party which at one time involved the Minister of Home Affairs to arrange PDI's Congresses for them. Efforts were also made to encourage PDI, such as refurbishing the tomb of the late President Sukarno in 1978 and officially recognizing him as the \"Hero of Independence Proclamation\". This recognition of Sukarno was a change from the earlier New Order policy of playing down his achievements or ignoring him altogether. Until Suharto's fall in 1998, PDI was the smallest political party in Indonesia. Despite playing up its Sukarnoist heritage when campaigning, PDI continued to come last in the legislative elections. At the 1993 National Congress, Megawati Sukarnoputri was elected as the Chairperson of PDI to replace Suryadi. The Government refused to recognize this and continued to push for Budi Harjono, their candidate for the Chairpersonship to be elected. A Special Congress was held where the Government expected to have Harjono elected, but Megawati once again emerged victorious. The victory was consolidated when a PDI National Assembly ratified the results of the Congress. In June 1996, the Government finally made its move. Another National Congress was held in Medan, where Megawati was not invited to come along and attended by anti-Megawati members."], "answer": {"text": "1993,", "answer_start": 71}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Megawati become chair of PDI?", "answer": {"text": "Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee34e020a7a4b5196900dc6a3e548c7_1_q#2", "question": "Why wasn't she elected?", "rewrite": "Why wasn't Megawali reelected as chair of PDI?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member. In December 1993, PDI held a National Congress. As was always the case when New Order opposition parties held their congresses, the Government actively interfered. As the Congress approached, three individuals contended for the Chair of PDI. The incumbent, Suryadi, had become critical of the Government. The second was Budi Harjono a Government-friendly figure whom the Government backed. The third was Megawati. Her candidacy received such overwhelming support that her election at the Congress became a formality. When the Congress assembled, the Government stalled and delayed attempts to hold the election. The Congress faced a deadline when their permit to assemble would run out. As the hours ticked down to the end of the Congress, troops began gathering. With only two hours remaining, Megawati called a press conference, stating that because she enjoyed the support of a majority of PDI members, she was now the de facto Chair. Despite her relative lack of political experience, she was popular in part for her status as Sukarno's daughter and because she was seen as free of corruption with admirable personal qualities. Under her leadership, PDI gained a large following among the urban poor and both urban and rural middle classes. The Government was outraged at its failure to prevent Megawati's rise. They never acknowledged Megawati although her self-appointment was ratified in 1994. In 1996, the Government convened a Special National Congress in Medan that reelected Suryadi as Chair. Megawati and her camp refused to acknowledge the results and PDI divided into pro-Megawati and anti-Megawati camps. Suryadi began threatening to take back PDI's Headquarters in Jakarta. This threat came true during the morning of 27 July 1996.", "Prior to the closing, the CEC of PDI held another meeting from 13.00 until 15.00. The congress was eventually closed on the decided date by Soepardjo. On the closing of the congress, the party decided to handover the formation of the CEC to the Ministry of Home Affairs. The handover was the first time in history of Indonesia the formation of a party CEC was handed to the government. The formation by the Ministry of Home Affairs marked a \"de jure\" intervention of PDI by the government. The disorganized closing of the congress caused outrage in PDI. Steve Nafuni, the chairman of the Irian Jaya branch of PDI, stated that the congress was a setback from the previous congress. A harsher critic was delivered by the PDI delegate from Blora, that stated that \"the chaos of the closing can be considered as a crime done by the old CEC of PDI for wasting 150 million spent by the regional government.\" Ipik Asmasubrata, the chairman of the Jakarta branch of PDI, cursed the congress by saying \"The mess occurred due to the incompetent CEC of the party. I am embarassed. \" Ipik and other delegations from East Java, Bali, and Lampung, blame Sabam and Merukh about the failure of the congress. A softer reaction came from outside PDI. Sudharmono and Soepardjo Rustam stated that \"the congress was the best effort by PDI, and all cadres of PDI should bear the results\". Nurhasan Ibnu Hajar from the United Development Party, stated that the congress was a sign that the fusion inside PDI was imperfect, and the party required another generation to complete the fusion.", "PDI won their only Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film for \"Shrek\" in 2002, which was the first time it was awarded. PDI/ DreamWorks has won nine Scientific and Technical Academy Awards. The first was awarded to Les Dittert, along with others, in 1994 for work in the area of film scanning. The second was awarded to Carl Rosendahl, Richard Chuang and Glenn Entis in 1997 for the concept and architecture of the PDI animation system. This award in particular recognized their pioneering work in computer animation dating back to the founding of PDI 17 years earlier. Nick Foster was given an award in 1998 for PDI's fluid animation system (flu), and in 2002 Dick Walsh was given one for the development of PDI's Facial Animation System. In 2010, Eric Tabellion and Arnauld Lamorlette were given one for PDI's global illumination rendering system first used on \"Shrek 2\". This was the first use of global illumination in an animated feature film, a technique which is commonplace today. In 2013, Lawrence Kesteloot, Drew Olbrich and Daniel Wexler were given an award for PDI's lighting tool, called \"light.\" This tool was developed in 1996 for PDI's first feature film, \"Antz\", and was used until 2015 at PDI and DreamWorks Animation some 25 films later. In 2015, Scott Peterson, Jeff Budsberg and Jonathan Gibbs were awarded for the studio's foliage (trees and vegetation) system. This system was first used on \"Shrek\" and continues to be used today. At the same ceremony, Karl Rasche was awarded along with engineers from HP for his part in the creation of the \"DreamColor\" monitor.", "PDI's first feature film \"Antz\" was released by DreamWorks Pictures in 1998. This was followed by \"Shrek\" in 2001. After the success of \"Antz\", in 2000 Carl Rosendahl sold his remaining interest in PDI to DreamWorks. PDI was renamed PDI/DreamWorks and continued to operate as a stand-alone business unit. Rosendahl left PDI in February 2000 to become managing director for Mobius Venture Capital, where he focused on investments in the technology and media companies. In May 2001, this sale essentially united the two studios, PDI and DreamWorks, into a single entity which went public a few years later as DreamWorks Animation (DWA). PDI stopped making commercials in 2002. The PDI studio was now known as PDI/DreamWorks. Animators at PDI worked on projects based at the PDI studio, but also assisted in DWA projects based in the Glendale DWA studio. In 2008, Richard Chuang, the last of the initial three, left the company to pursue his own ventures. On January 22, 2015, PDI/DreamWorks completely shut down as part of its parent company's larger restructuring efforts. PDI/ DreamWorks has produced \"Antz\" (1998), \"Shrek\" (2001), \"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Madagascar\" (2005), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), \"\" (2008), \"Megamind\" (2010), \"\" (2012), \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" (2014) and \"Penguins of Madagascar\" (2014). With US$441.2 million in domestic box-office ticket sales, \"Shrek 2\" is currently the ninth highest grossing animated film of all time in the United States.", "Plumbing &amp; Drainage Institute The Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI) is an association of American manufacturers of engineered plumbing drainage specialty products. Such products include floor drains, roof drains, sanitary floor drains, cleanouts, water hammer arresters, swimming pool drains, backwater valves, grease interceptors, fixture supports, and other drainage specialties. It is located in North Andover, Massachusetts. The Institute's objective is to promote the advancement of Engineered Plumbing Products through research and standardization of product requirements; to prepare, edit, and publish standards relating to plumbing products; and to provide certified testing, rating, and installation procedures for grease interceptors and water hammer arresters, in Standards PDI-G101 and PDI-WH201, respectively. PDI maintains testing equipment in independent testing laboratories for the purpose of testing Water Hammer Arresters for compliance with Standard PDI-WH201 and Grease Interceptors for compliance with Standard PDI-G101. Certified Products carry the Seal of the Plumbing & Drainage Institute as evidence that the product has met the specified requirements of the Institute\u2019s Standards. PDI assists with the development of National Standards through the ASME Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This assistance is provided by members of the PDI Engineering Committee and by other PDI affiliates. PDI has been active on Panels 6, 14, 21, and 26, of the A-112 Committee for a number of years and its Executive Director sits on the A-112 Main Committee. This is the consensus group for ANSI (American National Standards Institute)."], "answer": {"text": "blamed the riots", "answer_start": 298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Megawati become chair of PDI?", "answer": {"text": "Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was she first elected?", "answer": {"text": "1993,", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee34e020a7a4b5196900dc6a3e548c7_1_q#3", "question": "What are some things she did while she was elected as Chair of PDI?", "rewrite": "What are some things Megawali did while she was Chair of PDI?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Prior to the closing, the CEC of PDI held another meeting from 13.00 until 15.00. The congress was eventually closed on the decided date by Soepardjo. On the closing of the congress, the party decided to handover the formation of the CEC to the Ministry of Home Affairs. The handover was the first time in history of Indonesia the formation of a party CEC was handed to the government. The formation by the Ministry of Home Affairs marked a \"de jure\" intervention of PDI by the government. The disorganized closing of the congress caused outrage in PDI. Steve Nafuni, the chairman of the Irian Jaya branch of PDI, stated that the congress was a setback from the previous congress. A harsher critic was delivered by the PDI delegate from Blora, that stated that \"the chaos of the closing can be considered as a crime done by the old CEC of PDI for wasting 150 million spent by the regional government.\" Ipik Asmasubrata, the chairman of the Jakarta branch of PDI, cursed the congress by saying \"The mess occurred due to the incompetent CEC of the party. I am embarassed. \" Ipik and other delegations from East Java, Bali, and Lampung, blame Sabam and Merukh about the failure of the congress. A softer reaction came from outside PDI. Sudharmono and Soepardjo Rustam stated that \"the congress was the best effort by PDI, and all cadres of PDI should bear the results\". Nurhasan Ibnu Hajar from the United Development Party, stated that the congress was a sign that the fusion inside PDI was imperfect, and the party required another generation to complete the fusion.", "PDI's first feature film \"Antz\" was released by DreamWorks Pictures in 1998. This was followed by \"Shrek\" in 2001. After the success of \"Antz\", in 2000 Carl Rosendahl sold his remaining interest in PDI to DreamWorks. PDI was renamed PDI/DreamWorks and continued to operate as a stand-alone business unit. Rosendahl left PDI in February 2000 to become managing director for Mobius Venture Capital, where he focused on investments in the technology and media companies. In May 2001, this sale essentially united the two studios, PDI and DreamWorks, into a single entity which went public a few years later as DreamWorks Animation (DWA). PDI stopped making commercials in 2002. The PDI studio was now known as PDI/DreamWorks. Animators at PDI worked on projects based at the PDI studio, but also assisted in DWA projects based in the Glendale DWA studio. In 2008, Richard Chuang, the last of the initial three, left the company to pursue his own ventures. On January 22, 2015, PDI/DreamWorks completely shut down as part of its parent company's larger restructuring efforts. PDI/ DreamWorks has produced \"Antz\" (1998), \"Shrek\" (2001), \"Shrek 2\" (2004), \"Madagascar\" (2005), \"Shrek the Third\" (2007), \"\" (2008), \"Megamind\" (2010), \"\" (2012), \"Mr. Peabody & Sherman\" (2014) and \"Penguins of Madagascar\" (2014). With US$441.2 million in domestic box-office ticket sales, \"Shrek 2\" is currently the ninth highest grossing animated film of all time in the United States.", "Plumbing &amp; Drainage Institute The Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI) is an association of American manufacturers of engineered plumbing drainage specialty products. Such products include floor drains, roof drains, sanitary floor drains, cleanouts, water hammer arresters, swimming pool drains, backwater valves, grease interceptors, fixture supports, and other drainage specialties. It is located in North Andover, Massachusetts. The Institute's objective is to promote the advancement of Engineered Plumbing Products through research and standardization of product requirements; to prepare, edit, and publish standards relating to plumbing products; and to provide certified testing, rating, and installation procedures for grease interceptors and water hammer arresters, in Standards PDI-G101 and PDI-WH201, respectively. PDI maintains testing equipment in independent testing laboratories for the purpose of testing Water Hammer Arresters for compliance with Standard PDI-WH201 and Grease Interceptors for compliance with Standard PDI-G101. Certified Products carry the Seal of the Plumbing & Drainage Institute as evidence that the product has met the specified requirements of the Institute\u2019s Standards. PDI assists with the development of National Standards through the ASME Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This assistance is provided by members of the PDI Engineering Committee and by other PDI affiliates. PDI has been active on Panels 6, 14, 21, and 26, of the A-112 Committee for a number of years and its Executive Director sits on the A-112 Main Committee. This is the consensus group for ANSI (American National Standards Institute).", "PDI won their only Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film for \"Shrek\" in 2002, which was the first time it was awarded. PDI/ DreamWorks has won nine Scientific and Technical Academy Awards. The first was awarded to Les Dittert, along with others, in 1994 for work in the area of film scanning. The second was awarded to Carl Rosendahl, Richard Chuang and Glenn Entis in 1997 for the concept and architecture of the PDI animation system. This award in particular recognized their pioneering work in computer animation dating back to the founding of PDI 17 years earlier. Nick Foster was given an award in 1998 for PDI's fluid animation system (flu), and in 2002 Dick Walsh was given one for the development of PDI's Facial Animation System. In 2010, Eric Tabellion and Arnauld Lamorlette were given one for PDI's global illumination rendering system first used on \"Shrek 2\". This was the first use of global illumination in an animated feature film, a technique which is commonplace today. In 2013, Lawrence Kesteloot, Drew Olbrich and Daniel Wexler were given an award for PDI's lighting tool, called \"light.\" This tool was developed in 1996 for PDI's first feature film, \"Antz\", and was used until 2015 at PDI and DreamWorks Animation some 25 films later. In 2015, Scott Peterson, Jeff Budsberg and Jonathan Gibbs were awarded for the studio's foliage (trees and vegetation) system. This system was first used on \"Shrek\" and continues to be used today. At the same ceremony, Karl Rasche was awarded along with engineers from HP for his part in the creation of the \"DreamColor\" monitor.", "Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member. In December 1993, PDI held a National Congress. As was always the case when New Order opposition parties held their congresses, the Government actively interfered. As the Congress approached, three individuals contended for the Chair of PDI. The incumbent, Suryadi, had become critical of the Government. The second was Budi Harjono a Government-friendly figure whom the Government backed. The third was Megawati. Her candidacy received such overwhelming support that her election at the Congress became a formality. When the Congress assembled, the Government stalled and delayed attempts to hold the election. The Congress faced a deadline when their permit to assemble would run out. As the hours ticked down to the end of the Congress, troops began gathering. With only two hours remaining, Megawati called a press conference, stating that because she enjoyed the support of a majority of PDI members, she was now the de facto Chair. Despite her relative lack of political experience, she was popular in part for her status as Sukarno's daughter and because she was seen as free of corruption with admirable personal qualities. Under her leadership, PDI gained a large following among the urban poor and both urban and rural middle classes. The Government was outraged at its failure to prevent Megawati's rise. They never acknowledged Megawati although her self-appointment was ratified in 1994. In 1996, the Government convened a Special National Congress in Medan that reelected Suryadi as Chair. Megawati and her camp refused to acknowledge the results and PDI divided into pro-Megawati and anti-Megawati camps. Suryadi began threatening to take back PDI's Headquarters in Jakarta. This threat came true during the morning of 27 July 1996."], "answer": {"text": "received such overwhelming support", "answer_start": 487}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Did Megawati become chair of PDI?", "answer": {"text": "Megawati was not reelected, but continued as a PDI member.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was she first elected?", "answer": {"text": "1993,", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why wasn't she elected?", "answer": {"text": "blamed the riots", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#0", "question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "rewrite": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906).", "Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "At this point, his history becomes unclear. By his own account, credited by Maguire and others, he then went to Vienna to study with Anton Webern. By other accounts he studied with Arnold Schoenberg. Neither is now believed to be correct: Sabine Meine wrote in the \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" in 2001, \"Leibowitz\u2019s claims of having met Schoenberg and studied with Webern in the early 1930s remain unsubstantiated\", and in 2012 Nicole Gagn\u00e9 wrote in the \"Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music\", \"despite his claims to the contrary, he never studied with Arnold Schoenberg or Anton Webern\". Other claims about Leibowitz's teachers \u2013 that he studied composition with Maurice Ravel and conducting with Pierre Monteux \u2013 have been discounted by some writers in the present century, although as recently as 2010 in a study mainly focused on American composers Deborah Fillerup Weagel repeated the statement that Leibowitz was a pupil of Webern and Ravel. There is no mention of Leibowitz in the biographies of Ravel by Arbie Orenstein (1991) and Roger Nichols (2011) or of Monteux by John Canarina (2003). In Paris, according to Maguire, Leibowitz earned his living as a jazz pianist and composed constantly. In his early twenties he married an artist from an illustrious French family and settled down in Paris, eventually taking French nationality. During the early 1930s he was introduced to Schoenberg's twelve-note technique by the German pianist and composer Erich Itor Kahn. Maguire writes that Leibowitz easily fitted into \"the ebullient intellectual and artistic climate of Paris in the pre-war years\".", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York."], "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#1", "question": "what happened  in 1966?", "rewrite": "what happened to Anton Webern in 1966?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "At this point, his history becomes unclear. By his own account, credited by Maguire and others, he then went to Vienna to study with Anton Webern. By other accounts he studied with Arnold Schoenberg. Neither is now believed to be correct: Sabine Meine wrote in the \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" in 2001, \"Leibowitz\u2019s claims of having met Schoenberg and studied with Webern in the early 1930s remain unsubstantiated\", and in 2012 Nicole Gagn\u00e9 wrote in the \"Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music\", \"despite his claims to the contrary, he never studied with Arnold Schoenberg or Anton Webern\". Other claims about Leibowitz's teachers \u2013 that he studied composition with Maurice Ravel and conducting with Pierre Monteux \u2013 have been discounted by some writers in the present century, although as recently as 2010 in a study mainly focused on American composers Deborah Fillerup Weagel repeated the statement that Leibowitz was a pupil of Webern and Ravel. There is no mention of Leibowitz in the biographies of Ravel by Arbie Orenstein (1991) and Roger Nichols (2011) or of Monteux by John Canarina (2003). In Paris, according to Maguire, Leibowitz earned his living as a jazz pianist and composed constantly. In his early twenties he married an artist from an illustrious French family and settled down in Paris, eventually taking French nationality. During the early 1930s he was introduced to Schoenberg's twelve-note technique by the German pianist and composer Erich Itor Kahn. Maguire writes that Leibowitz easily fitted into \"the ebullient intellectual and artistic climate of Paris in the pre-war years\".", "Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906).", "In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York."], "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#2", "question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "rewrite": "was Anton Webern a composer and a conductor?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906).", "Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York.", "In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "List of compositions by Anton Webern This is a list of compositions by Anton Webern, the Austrian composer and conductor. The works with opus numbers are the ones that Webern saw fit to have published in his own lifetime, plus a few late works published after his death. They constitute the main body of his work, although several pieces of juvenilia and a few mature pieces that do not have opus numbers are occasionally performed today."], "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#3", "question": "how did he try to engage his audience?", "rewrite": "how did Anton Webern try to engage his audience?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906).", "Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York.", "After a Makai Priest named Moyuru sacrificed himself to ensure their escape while giving them instructions to Homura village, unaware of Jinga's identity at the time, Gald developed a deep-seated hatred for all Makai Knights, the boy was taken under Hikage's wing and became a Makai Priest who would be named the current Gald. While a laid-back, observant, and in general a competent Makai Priest despite his young age, Gald has a holier-than-thou attitude with a tendency of treating others as tools. In Rian's words, Gald is little more than a brat who is overconfident with his abilities. He is very proud of his heritage and has little tolerance for anyone whom he sees to be insulting him or his now near-extinct people. His heritage is where his sense of duty on sealing Radan stems from, and he is serious about it to the point of refusing aid from others on completing the task. At first, Gald stays out of the way, keeping an eye on Ryuga after learning that the seal containing Radan has been broken. But once Ryuga leads him to Jinga, Gald makes his presence known as he interrupts their fight, reforms the H\u014dken and spirits the sword away. While Gald's refusal to have their help caused Rian to mistrust him to the point of fighting over the H\u014dken, she and Ryuga decide to let Gald be after seeing the protective talisman Haruna made for her brother. While Gald grudgingly acknowledges Rian and Ryuga afterwards when they saved his sister before rescuing him, he still insists on acting on his own while warns the duo not to interfere."], "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#4", "question": "was he under direction of anyone?", "rewrite": "was Anton Webern under direction of anyone?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York.", "Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906).", "In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "At this point, his history becomes unclear. By his own account, credited by Maguire and others, he then went to Vienna to study with Anton Webern. By other accounts he studied with Arnold Schoenberg. Neither is now believed to be correct: Sabine Meine wrote in the \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" in 2001, \"Leibowitz\u2019s claims of having met Schoenberg and studied with Webern in the early 1930s remain unsubstantiated\", and in 2012 Nicole Gagn\u00e9 wrote in the \"Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music\", \"despite his claims to the contrary, he never studied with Arnold Schoenberg or Anton Webern\". Other claims about Leibowitz's teachers \u2013 that he studied composition with Maurice Ravel and conducting with Pierre Monteux \u2013 have been discounted by some writers in the present century, although as recently as 2010 in a study mainly focused on American composers Deborah Fillerup Weagel repeated the statement that Leibowitz was a pupil of Webern and Ravel. There is no mention of Leibowitz in the biographies of Ravel by Arbie Orenstein (1991) and Roger Nichols (2011) or of Monteux by John Canarina (2003). In Paris, according to Maguire, Leibowitz earned his living as a jazz pianist and composed constantly. In his early twenties he married an artist from an illustrious French family and settled down in Paris, eventually taking French nationality. During the early 1930s he was introduced to Schoenberg's twelve-note technique by the German pianist and composer Erich Itor Kahn. Maguire writes that Leibowitz easily fitted into \"the ebullient intellectual and artistic climate of Paris in the pre-war years\"."], "answer": {"text": "Schoenberg", "answer_start": 1390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he try to engage his audience?", "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#5", "question": "did his music contain metaphors?", "rewrite": "did Anton Webern's music contain metaphors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York.", "At this point, his history becomes unclear. By his own account, credited by Maguire and others, he then went to Vienna to study with Anton Webern. By other accounts he studied with Arnold Schoenberg. Neither is now believed to be correct: Sabine Meine wrote in the \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" in 2001, \"Leibowitz\u2019s claims of having met Schoenberg and studied with Webern in the early 1930s remain unsubstantiated\", and in 2012 Nicole Gagn\u00e9 wrote in the \"Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music\", \"despite his claims to the contrary, he never studied with Arnold Schoenberg or Anton Webern\". Other claims about Leibowitz's teachers \u2013 that he studied composition with Maurice Ravel and conducting with Pierre Monteux \u2013 have been discounted by some writers in the present century, although as recently as 2010 in a study mainly focused on American composers Deborah Fillerup Weagel repeated the statement that Leibowitz was a pupil of Webern and Ravel. There is no mention of Leibowitz in the biographies of Ravel by Arbie Orenstein (1991) and Roger Nichols (2011) or of Monteux by John Canarina (2003). In Paris, according to Maguire, Leibowitz earned his living as a jazz pianist and composed constantly. In his early twenties he married an artist from an illustrious French family and settled down in Paris, eventually taking French nationality. During the early 1930s he was introduced to Schoenberg's twelve-note technique by the German pianist and composer Erich Itor Kahn. Maguire writes that Leibowitz easily fitted into \"the ebullient intellectual and artistic climate of Paris in the pre-war years\".", "Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906)."], "answer": {"text": "in a modern harmonic and melodic language.", "answer_start": 1053}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he try to engage his audience?", "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was he under direction of anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Schoenberg", "answer_start": 1390, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#6", "question": "how did others view his boulezs complete?", "rewrite": "how did others view Anton Webern's boulezs complete?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906).", "Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "At this point, his history becomes unclear. By his own account, credited by Maguire and others, he then went to Vienna to study with Anton Webern. By other accounts he studied with Arnold Schoenberg. Neither is now believed to be correct: Sabine Meine wrote in the \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" in 2001, \"Leibowitz\u2019s claims of having met Schoenberg and studied with Webern in the early 1930s remain unsubstantiated\", and in 2012 Nicole Gagn\u00e9 wrote in the \"Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music\", \"despite his claims to the contrary, he never studied with Arnold Schoenberg or Anton Webern\". Other claims about Leibowitz's teachers \u2013 that he studied composition with Maurice Ravel and conducting with Pierre Monteux \u2013 have been discounted by some writers in the present century, although as recently as 2010 in a study mainly focused on American composers Deborah Fillerup Weagel repeated the statement that Leibowitz was a pupil of Webern and Ravel. There is no mention of Leibowitz in the biographies of Ravel by Arbie Orenstein (1991) and Roger Nichols (2011) or of Monteux by John Canarina (2003). In Paris, according to Maguire, Leibowitz earned his living as a jazz pianist and composed constantly. In his early twenties he married an artist from an illustrious French family and settled down in Paris, eventually taking French nationality. During the early 1930s he was introduced to Schoenberg's twelve-note technique by the German pianist and composer Erich Itor Kahn. Maguire writes that Leibowitz easily fitted into \"the ebullient intellectual and artistic climate of Paris in the pre-war years\".", "In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York."], "answer": {"text": "music was crucially marked by rapid stylistic shifts.", "answer_start": 431}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he try to engage his audience?", "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was he under direction of anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Schoenberg", "answer_start": 1390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did his music contain metaphors?", "answer": {"text": "in a modern harmonic and melodic language.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#7", "question": "how did the post war effect his music?", "rewrite": "how did the post war effect Anton Webern's music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "At this point, his history becomes unclear. By his own account, credited by Maguire and others, he then went to Vienna to study with Anton Webern. By other accounts he studied with Arnold Schoenberg. Neither is now believed to be correct: Sabine Meine wrote in the \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" in 2001, \"Leibowitz\u2019s claims of having met Schoenberg and studied with Webern in the early 1930s remain unsubstantiated\", and in 2012 Nicole Gagn\u00e9 wrote in the \"Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music\", \"despite his claims to the contrary, he never studied with Arnold Schoenberg or Anton Webern\". Other claims about Leibowitz's teachers \u2013 that he studied composition with Maurice Ravel and conducting with Pierre Monteux \u2013 have been discounted by some writers in the present century, although as recently as 2010 in a study mainly focused on American composers Deborah Fillerup Weagel repeated the statement that Leibowitz was a pupil of Webern and Ravel. There is no mention of Leibowitz in the biographies of Ravel by Arbie Orenstein (1991) and Roger Nichols (2011) or of Monteux by John Canarina (2003). In Paris, according to Maguire, Leibowitz earned his living as a jazz pianist and composed constantly. In his early twenties he married an artist from an illustrious French family and settled down in Paris, eventually taking French nationality. During the early 1930s he was introduced to Schoenberg's twelve-note technique by the German pianist and composer Erich Itor Kahn. Maguire writes that Leibowitz easily fitted into \"the ebullient intellectual and artistic climate of Paris in the pre-war years\".", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York.", "In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906)."], "answer": {"text": "themes of homesickness,", "answer_start": 1044}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he try to engage his audience?", "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was he under direction of anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Schoenberg", "answer_start": 1390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did his music contain metaphors?", "answer": {"text": "in a modern harmonic and melodic language.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how did others view his boulezs complete?", "answer": {"text": "music was crucially marked by rapid stylistic shifts.", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#8", "question": "who romanticized his symphony?", "rewrite": "who romanticized Anton Webern's symphony?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair.", "Morton Feldman Morton Feldman (January 12, 1926 \u2013 September 3, 1987) was an American composer. A major figure in 20th-century music, Feldman was a pioneer of indeterminate music, a development associated with the experimental New York School of composers also including John Cage, Christian Wolff, and Earle Brown. Feldman's works are characterized by notational innovations that he developed to create his characteristic sound: rhythms that seem to be free and floating; pitch shadings that seem softly unfocused; a generally quiet and slowly evolving music; recurring asymmetric patterns. His later works, after 1977, also begin to explore extremes of duration. Feldman was born in Woodside, Queens into a family of Russian-Jewish immigrants. His parents, Irving Feldman (1893\u20141985) and Frances Breskin Feldman (1897\u20141984), immigrated to New York from Pereyaslav (father, 1910) and Bobruysk (mother, 1901). His father was a manufacturer of children's coats. As a child he studied piano with Vera Maurina Press, who, according to the composer himself, instilled in him a \"vibrant musicality rather than musicianship. \" Feldman's first composition teachers were Wallingford Riegger, one of the first American followers of Arnold Schoenberg, and Stefan Wolpe, a German-born Jewish composer who studied under Franz Schreker and Anton Webern. Feldman and Wolpe spent most of their time simply talking about music and art. In early 1950 Feldman heard the New York Philharmonic perform Anton Webern's \"Symphony\", op. 21. After this work, the orchestra was going to perform a piece by Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Feldman left immediately, disturbed by the audience's disrespectful reaction to Webern's work.", "Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York.", "Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906)."], "answer": {"text": "Webern's earliest works consist primarily of lieder, the", "answer_start": 636}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he try to engage his audience?", "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was he under direction of anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Schoenberg", "answer_start": 1390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did his music contain metaphors?", "answer": {"text": "in a modern harmonic and melodic language.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how did others view his boulezs complete?", "answer": {"text": "music was crucially marked by rapid stylistic shifts.", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the post war effect his music?", "answer": {"text": "themes of homesickness,", "answer_start": 1044, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_377d6b482ea0482fbc78fc55da965552_1_q#9", "question": "how detailed and expressive was his music?", "rewrite": "how detailed and expressive was Anton Webern's music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arnold Elston Arnold Elston (September 30, 1907 \u2013 June 6, 1971) was an American composer and educator. Though he studied with Anton Webern, he did not himself use the twelve-tone technique. Elston was born in New York on September 30, 1907. He became a private pupil of Rubin Goldmark in 1928, and continued to study with him until 1930, in which year he received his A.B. from the College of the City of New York. He went on to take an M.A. from Columbia University in 1932, in which year he also won a Joseph H. Bearns Prize and the Mosenthal Traveling Fellowship. Using the funds from these prizes Elston was able to study with Anton Webern in Vienna. Though the experience was important for Elston, his music was never imitative of Webern in technique or style. He did not employ the twelve-tone technique, but his colleague Andrew Imbrie later observed that the influence of Webern could be heard in his \"flexible use of motif as a unifying force, in a certain sprightliness of texture, and in a forward-pushing upbeat quality of phrase\". Elston himself was later to write, I am clearly in the tradition of the Schoenberg school, probably closer to Schoenberg than to Webern or Berg. But I have never espoused the 12-tone technique. The early works of the Viennese school, such as Schoenberg's Five Orchestra Pieces, or Webern's Op. 6, or Op. 10, have always given me more pleasure than Webern's Symphony or Schoenberg's 3rd and 4th String Quartets. Elston returned to the US in 1935 and began a teaching career, working first at Vassar College and later at the College of the City of New York.", "Variations for piano (Webern)  Variations for piano, op. 27, is a twelve-tone piece for piano composed by Anton Webern in 1936. It consists of three movements: Webern's only published work for solo piano , the \"Variations\" are one of his major instrumental works and a signal example of his late style. Webern dedicated the work to pianist Eduard Steuermann. By the early 1930s Webern was one of the composers and artists criticised by the Nazi Party, which was rapidly gaining power. By 1934 Webern's conducting career, a major source of income for the composer, was practically over, and he earned his living by teaching composition to a few private pupils. Despite the considerable disadvantages this financial situation had, the lack of a stable job provided Webern with more time to compose. Opus 27 took Webern about a year to complete. The three movements were not composed in the order they appear in the work: The piece is the only work for piano solo that was published by the composer and assigned an opus number. It was also the last work by Webern to be published by Universal Edition during his lifetime. All three movements of the work are 12-tone pieces based on the following row (as found at the beginning of the second movement): The work's title, \"Variations\", is ambiguous. In a letter dated 18 July, Webern wrote: \"The completed part is a variations movement; the whole will be a kind of 'Suite'\". Only the third movement was completed at the time, and it is clearly a set of variations. The form of the other two movements conforms to the \"Suite\" plan: the first movement is a ternary form, ABA, and the second is a binary form.", "At this point, his history becomes unclear. By his own account, credited by Maguire and others, he then went to Vienna to study with Anton Webern. By other accounts he studied with Arnold Schoenberg. Neither is now believed to be correct: Sabine Meine wrote in the \"Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians\" in 2001, \"Leibowitz\u2019s claims of having met Schoenberg and studied with Webern in the early 1930s remain unsubstantiated\", and in 2012 Nicole Gagn\u00e9 wrote in the \"Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music\", \"despite his claims to the contrary, he never studied with Arnold Schoenberg or Anton Webern\". Other claims about Leibowitz's teachers \u2013 that he studied composition with Maurice Ravel and conducting with Pierre Monteux \u2013 have been discounted by some writers in the present century, although as recently as 2010 in a study mainly focused on American composers Deborah Fillerup Weagel repeated the statement that Leibowitz was a pupil of Webern and Ravel. There is no mention of Leibowitz in the biographies of Ravel by Arbie Orenstein (1991) and Roger Nichols (2011) or of Monteux by John Canarina (2003). In Paris, according to Maguire, Leibowitz earned his living as a jazz pianist and composed constantly. In his early twenties he married an artist from an illustrious French family and settled down in Paris, eventually taking French nationality. During the early 1930s he was introduced to Schoenberg's twelve-note technique by the German pianist and composer Erich Itor Kahn. Maguire writes that Leibowitz easily fitted into \"the ebullient intellectual and artistic climate of Paris in the pre-war years\".", "Composers who use the techniques of quartal harmony include Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Alexander Scriabin, Alban Berg, Leonard Bernstein, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, and Anton Webern . Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9 (1906) displays quartal harmony : the first measures construct a five-part fourth chord with the notes C\u2013F\u2013B\u2013E\u2013A distributed over several instruments. The composer then picks out this vertical quartal harmony in a horizontal sequence of fourths from the horns, eventually leading to a passage of triadic quartal harmony (i.e., chords of three notes, each layer a fourth apart). Schoenberg was also one of the first to write on the theoretical consequences of this harmonic innovation. In his \"Theory of Harmony\" (\"Harmonielehre\") of 1911, he wrote: For Anton Webern, the importance of quartal harmony lay in the possibility of building new sounds. After hearing Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony, Webern wrote \"You must write something like that, too!\" (; \"So was mu\u00dft du auch machen!\") In his \"Theory of Harmony\" : \"Besides myself my students Dr. Anton Webern and Alban Berg have written these harmonies (fourth chords), but also the Hungarian B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k or the Viennese Franz Schreker, who both go a similar way to Debussy, Dukas and perhaps also Puccini, are not far off.\"  French composer Maurice Ravel used quartal chords in Sonatine (1906) and \"Ma m\u00e8re l'oye\" (1910), while American Charles Ives used quartal chords in his song \"The Cage\" (1906).", "In 1923 he received the L\u00e9gion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated \"Scarbo\" the third part of his composition \"Gaspard de la Nuit\" to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc. Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, \"Take whatever you want to perform. \" They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair."], "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anton Webern's performance style?", "answer": {"text": "lieder,", "answer_start": 681, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened  in 1966?", "answer": {"text": "Many juvenilia remained unknown until the work and findings of the Moldenhauers in the 1960s,", "answer_start": 186, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a composer and a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Romanticism,", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he try to engage his audience?", "answer": {"text": "symbolic, abstract, spare, introverted, and idealized manner.", "answer_start": 169, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was he under direction of anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Schoenberg", "answer_start": 1390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did his music contain metaphors?", "answer": {"text": "in a modern harmonic and melodic language.", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how did others view his boulezs complete?", "answer": {"text": "music was crucially marked by rapid stylistic shifts.", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did the post war effect his music?", "answer": {"text": "themes of homesickness,", "answer_start": 1044, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who romanticized his symphony?", "answer": {"text": "Webern's earliest works consist primarily of lieder, the", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#0", "question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["National Wrestling Association The National Wrestling Association of America, LLC ( d.b.a. National Wrestling Association (NWA)) was an early professional wrestling sanctioning body created in 1930 by the National Boxing Association (NBA; now the World Boxing Association, WBA) as an attempt to create a governing body for professional wrestling in the United States. The group created a number of \"World\" level championships as an attempt to clear up the professional wrestling rankings which at the time saw a number of different championships promoted as the \"true world championship\". The National Wrestling Association's NWA World Heavyweight Championship was later considered part of the historical lineage of the National Wrestling Alliance's NWA World Heavyweight Championship when then National Wrestling Association champion Lou Thesz won the National Wrestling Alliance championship, folding the original championship into one title in 1949. With the creation of the National Wrestling Alliance and Thesz winning the Alliance World title the National Wrestling Association would officially recognize the champions of the National Wrestling Alliance at their annual conventions but no longer promote their own separate championships. The governing body would continue to hold conventions through at least the 1960s and officially disband in September 1980 but had no significant impact on professional wrestling past 1949. In 1921 the National Boxing Association (NBA) was formed in New York City to help regulate and create order in the world of professional boxing in the United States. In January 1930 the NBA attempted to introduce the same sort of regulations and structure on professional wrestling, motivated by the fact that there were a multitude of \"World Champions\" all over the country, all claiming to be the top wrestler. The NBA required wrestlers who wanted to participate in the inaugural championship tournaments to post a bond, ranging from USD $1,000 to USD $ 5,000 in the heavyweight division, used to ensure their participation and their willingness to defend the championship against NBA designated challengers.", "Brad Armstrong (wrestler) Robert Bradley James ( June 15, 1962 \u2013 November 1, 2012) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong. He is best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler \"Bullet Bob\" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian. Brad Armstrong started out in the National Wrestling Alliance's Gulf Coast territory, Southeastern Championship Wrestling in July 1980 at the age of 18. He was a face, or good guy, due to his good looks and superb wrestling ability. He feuded with Jerry Stubbs and Tom Prichard during his stay there and won the NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship there. Armstrong moved to the NWA's Georgia territory, Georgia Championship Wrestling, in 1984, where he feuded with Tom McCartney, Ted DiBiase alongside his father Bob and then \"White Lightning\" Tim Horner. with who he formed The Lightning Express. Armstrong's in ring ability allowed him to take great advantage of a mix of technical wrestling and explosive speed in his style. It was during this time that Armstrong was involved in an angle with Tommy Rich. Rich was in a feud with Ted DiBiase. They had a \"loser leaves wrestling\" match that Rich lost. So, Rich put on a mask & came back as Mr. R. DiBiase insisted that Mr R. was really Rich. Then, on a TV match for Dibiase's NWA National Title, Rich visited announcer Gordon Solie during the match. Dibiase unmasked Mr R. to find that it was actually Armstrong. In all of the confusion, Armstrong pinned Dibiase to become NWA National Champion for his first of two times holding that belt. Armstrong held the NWA National Tag Team Championship twice that year, once with his father, and once with Horner.", "Scoot Andrews Andrew Warner (born June 1, 1967) is a retired American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name \"The Black Nature Boy\" Scoot Andrews. After debuting in 1994, Andrew competed for numerous independent promotions throughout his career. Throughout the 1990s he competed in Southeastern independent promotions including Florida Championship Wrestling, Maryland Championship Wrestling, East Coast Wrestling Association, and the National Wrestling Alliance as one half of Naturally Marvellous with Mike Sullivan. He also had a short stint in the World Wrestling Federation during 2001 appearing several times on \"WWF Jakked and Metal\" and \"WWF Sunday Night Heat\" and again during 2003 and 2004 on \"WWE Raw\" and \"SmackDown\". During the early 2000s, he wrestled for Full Impact Pro and Ring of Honor. He continued to compete for independent promotions until his retirement in 2005. After being trained by Hack Meyers and The Missouri Mauler, Andrews made his professional wrestling debut on September 24, 1994 in a match against Damian Lee. Throughout the 1990s, Andrews competed for a multitude of professional wrestling promotions, including Florida Championship Wrestling,(FCW) Maryland Championship Wrestling,(MCW) East Coast Wrestling Association (ECWA), and the National Wrestling Alliance as one half of Naturally Marvellous with Mike Sullivan. In early 2000, Andrews competed in the annual ECWA Super 8 Tournament defeating Trent Acid and Chad Collyer before losing to Christopher Daniels in the finals in Newport, Delaware on February 26 (he would again face Daniels at the APW King of the Indies Tournament losing to him in the semi-finals on December 30). He also appeared in Ted DiBiase's short lived WXO promotion that same year, appearing in several televised events, and was voted Florida's Wrestler of the Year.", "Jason Kincaid Jason Kincaid is an American professional wrestler currently appearing for Dramatic Dream Team (DDT) in Japan. He is known for competing on the United States independent scene and within the National Wrestling Alliance, where he is the former NWA World Junior Heavyweight Champion. In 2003, Jason Kincaid began training as a wrestler under The Batten Twins, and debuted in May 2003, in Oak Hill, West Virginia, against TJ Phillips. During his first few years of active competition, Kincaid would travel across West Virginia, Ohio, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania wrestling for various independent promotions including Southern States Wrestling, George South's Exodus Wrestling Alliance, and Ted Dibiase's Power Wrestling Alliance. On August 8, 2007, he competed against AJ Styles in a losing effort in Dunbar, West Virginia on for Mega Pro Wrestling. At IWA East Coast's Stiff Competition 2 event, on July 12, 2011, in Nitro, West Virginia, he challenged heavyweight champion Chris Hero only to come up short after a Cyclone Kill kick to the head. On August 4, 2011, in Kingsport, Tennessee for NWA Smoky Mountain Kincaid defeated Kyle O'Reilly via pinfall after hitting the JK47. Two months later, at Remix Pro Wrestling's Throwdown For The Pound 4 event, on October 11, 2011, Kincaid pinned Jimmy Jacobs after hitting a piledriver. On New Year's Day 2012, Kincaid pinned Johnny Gargano with a victory roll at an American Pro Wrestling Alliance event in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Kincaid battled Davey Richards to a no contest, after members of Richard's Team Ambition interfered, on August 4, 2012, in Kingsport, Tennessee for NWA Smoky Mountain. Kincaid would go on to score a pinfall victory over Chuck Taylor in Corbin, Kentucky on April 20, 2013, for Pro Wrestling Freedom.", "Mike DiBiase (born 1977) Michael Wills Foreman DiBiase II (born September 10, 1977) is an American retired professional wrestler. A third generation wrestler, DiBiase is the grandson of \"Iron\" Mike DiBiase and Helen Hild and the son of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase began his career in early 2006, when he and his younger half brother Ted began training in Amarillo, Texas with Chris Youngblood while gaining experience wrestling in shows for local independent wrestling promotion Professional Wrestling Federation (PWF). While there, DiBiase became the first-ever PWF West Texas Wrestling Legends Heritage Champion. He also won the 2006 Jay Youngblood Memorial Tag Team Tournament Cup alongside \"Radical\" Ricky Romero III. DiBiase and Romero became the first tag team in professional wrestling that consisted of two third generation superstars, and became known as Team 3G. In mid-2006, the DiBiase brothers went to train with former NWA World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Hall of Famer Harley Race, and began competing in his World League Wrestling promotion. The DiBiase brothers began working as a tag team, and made their debut in April 2006, beating the then-WLW Tag Team Champions. DiBiase continued his stay in WLW and became one half of The WLW Tag Team Champions with \"Wild\" Wade Chism. On January 13, 2007, DiBiase returned to PWF for their Wrestlution event, where he defeated Mosh Pit Mike. Both DiBiase and his brother Ted signed contracts with Pro Wrestling Noah in late January, but suffered a knee injury. In February 2007, DiBiase suffered a torn ACL during a training session with Race. DiBiase had immediate surgery and was out of action for over five months."], "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#1", "question": "What did he receive?", "rewrite": "What did Ted DiBiase receive while talking with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike DiBiase (born 1977) Michael Wills Foreman DiBiase II (born September 10, 1977) is an American retired professional wrestler. A third generation wrestler, DiBiase is the grandson of \"Iron\" Mike DiBiase and Helen Hild and the son of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase began his career in early 2006, when he and his younger half brother Ted began training in Amarillo, Texas with Chris Youngblood while gaining experience wrestling in shows for local independent wrestling promotion Professional Wrestling Federation (PWF). While there, DiBiase became the first-ever PWF West Texas Wrestling Legends Heritage Champion. He also won the 2006 Jay Youngblood Memorial Tag Team Tournament Cup alongside \"Radical\" Ricky Romero III. DiBiase and Romero became the first tag team in professional wrestling that consisted of two third generation superstars, and became known as Team 3G. In mid-2006, the DiBiase brothers went to train with former NWA World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Hall of Famer Harley Race, and began competing in his World League Wrestling promotion. The DiBiase brothers began working as a tag team, and made their debut in April 2006, beating the then-WLW Tag Team Champions. DiBiase continued his stay in WLW and became one half of The WLW Tag Team Champions with \"Wild\" Wade Chism. On January 13, 2007, DiBiase returned to PWF for their Wrestlution event, where he defeated Mosh Pit Mike. Both DiBiase and his brother Ted signed contracts with Pro Wrestling Noah in late January, but suffered a knee injury. In February 2007, DiBiase suffered a torn ACL during a training session with Race. DiBiase had immediate surgery and was out of action for over five months.", "Jason Kincaid Jason Kincaid is an American professional wrestler currently appearing for Dramatic Dream Team (DDT) in Japan. He is known for competing on the United States independent scene and within the National Wrestling Alliance, where he is the former NWA World Junior Heavyweight Champion. In 2003, Jason Kincaid began training as a wrestler under The Batten Twins, and debuted in May 2003, in Oak Hill, West Virginia, against TJ Phillips. During his first few years of active competition, Kincaid would travel across West Virginia, Ohio, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania wrestling for various independent promotions including Southern States Wrestling, George South's Exodus Wrestling Alliance, and Ted Dibiase's Power Wrestling Alliance. On August 8, 2007, he competed against AJ Styles in a losing effort in Dunbar, West Virginia on for Mega Pro Wrestling. At IWA East Coast's Stiff Competition 2 event, on July 12, 2011, in Nitro, West Virginia, he challenged heavyweight champion Chris Hero only to come up short after a Cyclone Kill kick to the head. On August 4, 2011, in Kingsport, Tennessee for NWA Smoky Mountain Kincaid defeated Kyle O'Reilly via pinfall after hitting the JK47. Two months later, at Remix Pro Wrestling's Throwdown For The Pound 4 event, on October 11, 2011, Kincaid pinned Jimmy Jacobs after hitting a piledriver. On New Year's Day 2012, Kincaid pinned Johnny Gargano with a victory roll at an American Pro Wrestling Alliance event in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Kincaid battled Davey Richards to a no contest, after members of Richard's Team Ambition interfered, on August 4, 2012, in Kingsport, Tennessee for NWA Smoky Mountain. Kincaid would go on to score a pinfall victory over Chuck Taylor in Corbin, Kentucky on April 20, 2013, for Pro Wrestling Freedom.", "Scoot Andrews Andrew Warner (born June 1, 1967) is a retired American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name \"The Black Nature Boy\" Scoot Andrews. After debuting in 1994, Andrew competed for numerous independent promotions throughout his career. Throughout the 1990s he competed in Southeastern independent promotions including Florida Championship Wrestling, Maryland Championship Wrestling, East Coast Wrestling Association, and the National Wrestling Alliance as one half of Naturally Marvellous with Mike Sullivan. He also had a short stint in the World Wrestling Federation during 2001 appearing several times on \"WWF Jakked and Metal\" and \"WWF Sunday Night Heat\" and again during 2003 and 2004 on \"WWE Raw\" and \"SmackDown\". During the early 2000s, he wrestled for Full Impact Pro and Ring of Honor. He continued to compete for independent promotions until his retirement in 2005. After being trained by Hack Meyers and The Missouri Mauler, Andrews made his professional wrestling debut on September 24, 1994 in a match against Damian Lee. Throughout the 1990s, Andrews competed for a multitude of professional wrestling promotions, including Florida Championship Wrestling,(FCW) Maryland Championship Wrestling,(MCW) East Coast Wrestling Association (ECWA), and the National Wrestling Alliance as one half of Naturally Marvellous with Mike Sullivan. In early 2000, Andrews competed in the annual ECWA Super 8 Tournament defeating Trent Acid and Chad Collyer before losing to Christopher Daniels in the finals in Newport, Delaware on February 26 (he would again face Daniels at the APW King of the Indies Tournament losing to him in the semi-finals on December 30). He also appeared in Ted DiBiase's short lived WXO promotion that same year, appearing in several televised events, and was voted Florida's Wrestler of the Year.", "Brad Armstrong (wrestler) Robert Bradley James ( June 15, 1962 \u2013 November 1, 2012) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong. He is best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler \"Bullet Bob\" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian. Brad Armstrong started out in the National Wrestling Alliance's Gulf Coast territory, Southeastern Championship Wrestling in July 1980 at the age of 18. He was a face, or good guy, due to his good looks and superb wrestling ability. He feuded with Jerry Stubbs and Tom Prichard during his stay there and won the NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship there. Armstrong moved to the NWA's Georgia territory, Georgia Championship Wrestling, in 1984, where he feuded with Tom McCartney, Ted DiBiase alongside his father Bob and then \"White Lightning\" Tim Horner. with who he formed The Lightning Express. Armstrong's in ring ability allowed him to take great advantage of a mix of technical wrestling and explosive speed in his style. It was during this time that Armstrong was involved in an angle with Tommy Rich. Rich was in a feud with Ted DiBiase. They had a \"loser leaves wrestling\" match that Rich lost. So, Rich put on a mask & came back as Mr. R. DiBiase insisted that Mr R. was really Rich. Then, on a TV match for Dibiase's NWA National Title, Rich visited announcer Gordon Solie during the match. Dibiase unmasked Mr R. to find that it was actually Armstrong. In all of the confusion, Armstrong pinned Dibiase to become NWA National Champion for his first of two times holding that belt. Armstrong held the NWA National Tag Team Championship twice that year, once with his father, and once with Horner.", "National Wrestling Association The National Wrestling Association of America, LLC ( d.b.a. National Wrestling Association (NWA)) was an early professional wrestling sanctioning body created in 1930 by the National Boxing Association (NBA; now the World Boxing Association, WBA) as an attempt to create a governing body for professional wrestling in the United States. The group created a number of \"World\" level championships as an attempt to clear up the professional wrestling rankings which at the time saw a number of different championships promoted as the \"true world championship\". The National Wrestling Association's NWA World Heavyweight Championship was later considered part of the historical lineage of the National Wrestling Alliance's NWA World Heavyweight Championship when then National Wrestling Association champion Lou Thesz won the National Wrestling Alliance championship, folding the original championship into one title in 1949. With the creation of the National Wrestling Alliance and Thesz winning the Alliance World title the National Wrestling Association would officially recognize the champions of the National Wrestling Alliance at their annual conventions but no longer promote their own separate championships. The governing body would continue to hold conventions through at least the 1960s and officially disband in September 1980 but had no significant impact on professional wrestling past 1949. In 1921 the National Boxing Association (NBA) was formed in New York City to help regulate and create order in the world of professional boxing in the United States. In January 1930 the NBA attempted to introduce the same sort of regulations and structure on professional wrestling, motivated by the fact that there were a multitude of \"World Champions\" all over the country, all claiming to be the top wrestler. The NBA required wrestlers who wanted to participate in the inaugural championship tournaments to post a bond, ranging from USD $1,000 to USD $ 5,000 in the heavyweight division, used to ensure their participation and their willingness to defend the championship against NBA designated challengers."], "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#2", "question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "rewrite": "Why did Ted DiBiase ultimately return to MSW?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG).", "The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase Andr\u00e9's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. Andr\u00e9 was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 went their separate ways and the team was dissolved. Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Ted DiBiase had teamed on several occasions when both were signed to the World Wrestling Federation in 1979, when both worked as faces (or good guys). Their first documented teaming together was at an untelevised house show in Totowa, New Jersey, against two of the WWF's top villains of the time, \"High Chief\" Peter Maivia and Greg \"the Hammer\" Valentine; Andre and DiBiase won when Andre pinned Maivia. Andre and DiBiase wrestled WWF Tag Team Champions the Valiant Brothers (Johnny and Jerry) several times for the belts at untelevised house shows, with the Andre-DiBiase team usually winning by countout or disqualification (thus, never winning the belts). At least one Andre-DiBiase teaming was televised, this being a special series of shows taped at the Resorts International Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey.", "Later in the event, I.R.S. defeated the 1-2-3 Kid. DiBiase went on a leave of absence for several months, and Schyster returned to singles competition, feuding with Ramon. DiBiase retired from wrestling. Mike Rotunda, who portrayed Schyster, and Ted DiBiase continue to be close friends in real life, and they have reunited on several occasions following the disbanding of Money Inc. In 1994, DiBiase formed the Million Dollar Corporation, a stable of heel wrestlers. Schyster was one of the first wrestlers to join the group and remained in the stable until leaving the WWF in 1995. In 1996, DiBiase and Rotunda (the latter as V.K. Wallstreet) were briefly together again in World Championship Wrestling as members of the New World Order. Money Inc. made a surprise one-night return at Raw Family Reunion on October 9, 2006. They joined Arn Anderson and Rowdy Roddy Piper to assist Ric Flair, who was facing Mitch. They prevented the rest of Mitch's Spirit Squad from getting involved in the match, helping Flair secure the victory. At the 15th Anniversary special edition of \"Monday Night Raw\" on December 10, 2007, Money Inc. had a brief reunion during a 15-man over-the-top-rope battle royal. After I.R.S. was the last man standing out of the 14 wrestlers that made it to the ring, DiBiase came out as the 15th entrant and paid I.R.S. to eliminate himself. As a result, DiBiase was named the winner of the match. They were also reunited on an episode of RAW in 2010 where they fought with fellow legends after a match between DiBiase's son Ted DiBiase and Christian.", "Million Dollar Championship The Million Dollar Championship was an unsanctioned professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation) created for \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. The Million Dollar belt was designed by Terry Betteridge of Betteridge Jewelers in Greenwich, Connecticut. It is gold plated, made with cubic zirconia, with three small diamonds on the back. DiBiase claimed the cost was around $40,000, although Bruce Prichard claimed on his podcast \"Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard\" that the belt cost close to $50,000. Ted DiBiase was unable to win the WWF Championship, having lost the final match of the WWF Championship tournament at WrestleMania IV to \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. During the Summer of 1988 DiBiase teamed with Andr\u00e9 the Giant, in a team known as \"The Mega Bucks\", while chasing the WWF Championship. A frustrated DiBiase decided that if he couldn't win or buy the WWF Championship he would purchase his own championship belt. In 1989, DiBiase unveiled a new championship belt, which he called the Million Dollar Championship. This belt never was officially sanctioned by the WWF, and DiBiase would rarely put his \"title\" on the line in matches. Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts stole the belt during their feud in early 1990. This also led to a face turn for the Big Boss Man who resented his manager Slick selling his services to DiBiase in order to retrieve the belt from Roberts. After attacking Jake and stealing the bag containing the belt and Roberts's pet python, Damien, DiBiase, the Boss Man and Slick headed for \"The Brother Love Show\" where DiBiase bragged about buying the Boss Man's services.", "Mike DiBiase (born 1977) Michael Wills Foreman DiBiase II (born September 10, 1977) is an American retired professional wrestler. A third generation wrestler, DiBiase is the grandson of \"Iron\" Mike DiBiase and Helen Hild and the son of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase began his career in early 2006, when he and his younger half brother Ted began training in Amarillo, Texas with Chris Youngblood while gaining experience wrestling in shows for local independent wrestling promotion Professional Wrestling Federation (PWF). While there, DiBiase became the first-ever PWF West Texas Wrestling Legends Heritage Champion. He also won the 2006 Jay Youngblood Memorial Tag Team Tournament Cup alongside \"Radical\" Ricky Romero III. DiBiase and Romero became the first tag team in professional wrestling that consisted of two third generation superstars, and became known as Team 3G. In mid-2006, the DiBiase brothers went to train with former NWA World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Hall of Famer Harley Race, and began competing in his World League Wrestling promotion. The DiBiase brothers began working as a tag team, and made their debut in April 2006, beating the then-WLW Tag Team Champions. DiBiase continued his stay in WLW and became one half of The WLW Tag Team Champions with \"Wild\" Wade Chism. On January 13, 2007, DiBiase returned to PWF for their Wrestlution event, where he defeated Mosh Pit Mike. Both DiBiase and his brother Ted signed contracts with Pro Wrestling Noah in late January, but suffered a knee injury. In February 2007, DiBiase suffered a torn ACL during a training session with Race. DiBiase had immediate surgery and was out of action for over five months."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#3", "question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "rewrite": "What was the first match Ted DiBiase had back with MSW?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase Andr\u00e9's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. Andr\u00e9 was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 went their separate ways and the team was dissolved. Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Ted DiBiase had teamed on several occasions when both were signed to the World Wrestling Federation in 1979, when both worked as faces (or good guys). Their first documented teaming together was at an untelevised house show in Totowa, New Jersey, against two of the WWF's top villains of the time, \"High Chief\" Peter Maivia and Greg \"the Hammer\" Valentine; Andre and DiBiase won when Andre pinned Maivia. Andre and DiBiase wrestled WWF Tag Team Champions the Valiant Brothers (Johnny and Jerry) several times for the belts at untelevised house shows, with the Andre-DiBiase team usually winning by countout or disqualification (thus, never winning the belts). At least one Andre-DiBiase teaming was televised, this being a special series of shows taped at the Resorts International Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey.", "Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG).", "\"Raw\", Rhodes faced Holly for a fourth time and beat him, although they were both attacked by Randy Orton afterwards. On the \"Raw\" 15th Anniversary special episode that aired on December 10, 2007, Rhodes, along with Holly, defeated Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch for the World Tag Team Championship, marking Rhodes' first championship in WWE. In May 2008, Ted DiBiase began feuding with the duo, threatening to take their titles in his first match as part of the Raw brand. At the pay-per-view event, Night of Champions on June 29, Rhodes turned on Holly by revealing himself as Ted DiBiase's partner to help DiBiase win the match and also become a two-time World Tag Team Champion. After holding the championship for just over a month, they dropped it to John Cena and Batista on the August 4, 2008 episode of \"Raw.\" The following week on \"Raw\", DiBiase and Rhodes used their rematch clause to regain the championship. Rhodes and DiBiase were joined by Manu, the son of Afa, in September, forming a stable of multi-generational wrestlers. On the October 27 \"Raw,\" Rhodes and DiBiase lost the World Tag Team Championship to Kofi Kingston and CM Punk. On the November 3, 2008 episode of \"Raw\", Rhodes, DiBiase and Manu entered a storyline with Orton, who constantly criticized and insulted them and attacked DiBiase. At Survivor Series, Rhodes, along with Orton, was a survivor, for Orton's team, in the annual Elimination match.", "Million Dollar Championship The Million Dollar Championship was an unsanctioned professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation) created for \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. The Million Dollar belt was designed by Terry Betteridge of Betteridge Jewelers in Greenwich, Connecticut. It is gold plated, made with cubic zirconia, with three small diamonds on the back. DiBiase claimed the cost was around $40,000, although Bruce Prichard claimed on his podcast \"Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard\" that the belt cost close to $50,000. Ted DiBiase was unable to win the WWF Championship, having lost the final match of the WWF Championship tournament at WrestleMania IV to \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. During the Summer of 1988 DiBiase teamed with Andr\u00e9 the Giant, in a team known as \"The Mega Bucks\", while chasing the WWF Championship. A frustrated DiBiase decided that if he couldn't win or buy the WWF Championship he would purchase his own championship belt. In 1989, DiBiase unveiled a new championship belt, which he called the Million Dollar Championship. This belt never was officially sanctioned by the WWF, and DiBiase would rarely put his \"title\" on the line in matches. Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts stole the belt during their feud in early 1990. This also led to a face turn for the Big Boss Man who resented his manager Slick selling his services to DiBiase in order to retrieve the belt from Roberts. After attacking Jake and stealing the bag containing the belt and Roberts's pet python, Damien, DiBiase, the Boss Man and Slick headed for \"The Brother Love Show\" where DiBiase bragged about buying the Boss Man's services.", "Due to these injuries, DiBiase competed sporadically in FCW for the next few months, competing in both tag team and singles competition. DiBiase made his WWE television debut as a villain on May 26, 2008, where he cut a promo about his intent to become a champion like his father, Ted DiBiase Sr., challenging the World Tag Team Champions, Cody Rhodes and Hardcore Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view, DiBiase won the World Tag Team Championship in his first match in WWE, after Rhodes betrayed Holly, revealing himself to be DiBiase's partner. After holding the title for just over a month, they dropped it to John Cena and Batista on the August 4 episode of \"Raw\". The following week, DiBiase and Rhodes used their rematch clause to regain the title. DiBiase and Rhodes were soon joined by Manu, forming a stable of multi-generation superstars. On the October 27 episode of \"Raw\", DiBiase and Rhodes lost their title to CM Punk and Kofi Kingston. It was during this time that Randy Orton became linked to Rhodes, DiBiase, and Manu on television, criticizing them in a mentor-type role. On the November 3 episode of \"Raw\", DiBiase was attacked by Orton, after he interfered in Orton's match. This storyline attack was to allow DiBiase to be written out of WWE storylines, so he could film the direct-to-video movie, \"The Marine 2\". On the January 12, 2009, episode of \"Raw\", DiBiase returned to aid Manu and Sim Snuka in attacking Cody Rhodes and Randy Orton. Instead, however, DiBiase turned on them and helped Rhodes and Orton assault Manu and Snuka, thus joining The Legacy faction."], "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#4", "question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "rewrite": "Did Ted DiBiase wrestle with anyone of note?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike DiBiase (born 1977) Michael Wills Foreman DiBiase II (born September 10, 1977) is an American retired professional wrestler. A third generation wrestler, DiBiase is the grandson of \"Iron\" Mike DiBiase and Helen Hild and the son of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase began his career in early 2006, when he and his younger half brother Ted began training in Amarillo, Texas with Chris Youngblood while gaining experience wrestling in shows for local independent wrestling promotion Professional Wrestling Federation (PWF). While there, DiBiase became the first-ever PWF West Texas Wrestling Legends Heritage Champion. He also won the 2006 Jay Youngblood Memorial Tag Team Tournament Cup alongside \"Radical\" Ricky Romero III. DiBiase and Romero became the first tag team in professional wrestling that consisted of two third generation superstars, and became known as Team 3G. In mid-2006, the DiBiase brothers went to train with former NWA World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Hall of Famer Harley Race, and began competing in his World League Wrestling promotion. The DiBiase brothers began working as a tag team, and made their debut in April 2006, beating the then-WLW Tag Team Champions. DiBiase continued his stay in WLW and became one half of The WLW Tag Team Champions with \"Wild\" Wade Chism. On January 13, 2007, DiBiase returned to PWF for their Wrestlution event, where he defeated Mosh Pit Mike. Both DiBiase and his brother Ted signed contracts with Pro Wrestling Noah in late January, but suffered a knee injury. In February 2007, DiBiase suffered a torn ACL during a training session with Race. DiBiase had immediate surgery and was out of action for over five months.", "The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase Andr\u00e9's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. Andr\u00e9 was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 went their separate ways and the team was dissolved. Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Ted DiBiase had teamed on several occasions when both were signed to the World Wrestling Federation in 1979, when both worked as faces (or good guys). Their first documented teaming together was at an untelevised house show in Totowa, New Jersey, against two of the WWF's top villains of the time, \"High Chief\" Peter Maivia and Greg \"the Hammer\" Valentine; Andre and DiBiase won when Andre pinned Maivia. Andre and DiBiase wrestled WWF Tag Team Champions the Valiant Brothers (Johnny and Jerry) several times for the belts at untelevised house shows, with the Andre-DiBiase team usually winning by countout or disqualification (thus, never winning the belts). At least one Andre-DiBiase teaming was televised, this being a special series of shows taped at the Resorts International Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey.", "The Million Dollar Corporation The Million Dollar Corporation was a heel stable in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from April 1994 to May 1996 and was led and managed by the \"Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase had retired from active competition after a back injury in a match for All Japan Pro Wrestling in late 1993 and was brought back by the WWF as a manager. The group's foundation was laid on the May 16, 1994 episode of Monday Night Raw when Ted DiBiase announced that he had purchased the services of Nikolai Volkoff. Volkoff had fallen on hard times, and DiBiase took advantage by forcing him to be his servant in order for Volkoff to provide for his family. This included Volkoff wearing a tuxedo T-shirt as well as trunks that read \"Property of the Million Dollar Man\" along with cent signs, as opposed to the dollar signs DiBiase had worn on his trunks. Over the next couple of months, DiBiase acquired Bam Bam Bigelow as well as former tag team partner Irwin R. Schyster (I.R.S.). Another infamous addition was made early on, when DiBiase claimed to be bringing The Undertaker back to the WWF after a long absence. On the June 11 episode of \"Superstars\" a man looking and sounding like The Undertaker was produced by DiBiase. Initially, announcers accepted DiBiase's claim, but eventually his man (wrestler Brian Lee) was revealed to be a doppelg\u00e4nger. After a main event showdown with \"the real Undertaker\" at SummerSlam 1994, the Million Dollar Man's version was not seen again. Also at SummerSlam 1994, the Corporation gained another member.", "Million Dollar Championship The Million Dollar Championship was an unsanctioned professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation) created for \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. The Million Dollar belt was designed by Terry Betteridge of Betteridge Jewelers in Greenwich, Connecticut. It is gold plated, made with cubic zirconia, with three small diamonds on the back. DiBiase claimed the cost was around $40,000, although Bruce Prichard claimed on his podcast \"Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard\" that the belt cost close to $50,000. Ted DiBiase was unable to win the WWF Championship, having lost the final match of the WWF Championship tournament at WrestleMania IV to \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. During the Summer of 1988 DiBiase teamed with Andr\u00e9 the Giant, in a team known as \"The Mega Bucks\", while chasing the WWF Championship. A frustrated DiBiase decided that if he couldn't win or buy the WWF Championship he would purchase his own championship belt. In 1989, DiBiase unveiled a new championship belt, which he called the Million Dollar Championship. This belt never was officially sanctioned by the WWF, and DiBiase would rarely put his \"title\" on the line in matches. Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts stole the belt during their feud in early 1990. This also led to a face turn for the Big Boss Man who resented his manager Slick selling his services to DiBiase in order to retrieve the belt from Roberts. After attacking Jake and stealing the bag containing the belt and Roberts's pet python, Damien, DiBiase, the Boss Man and Slick headed for \"The Brother Love Show\" where DiBiase bragged about buying the Boss Man's services.", "Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG)."], "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#5", "question": "What did Rich do instead of leaving?", "rewrite": "What did Rich do after losing the match to Ted DiBiase instead of leaving?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG).", "The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase Andr\u00e9's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. Andr\u00e9 was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 went their separate ways and the team was dissolved. Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Ted DiBiase had teamed on several occasions when both were signed to the World Wrestling Federation in 1979, when both worked as faces (or good guys). Their first documented teaming together was at an untelevised house show in Totowa, New Jersey, against two of the WWF's top villains of the time, \"High Chief\" Peter Maivia and Greg \"the Hammer\" Valentine; Andre and DiBiase won when Andre pinned Maivia. Andre and DiBiase wrestled WWF Tag Team Champions the Valiant Brothers (Johnny and Jerry) several times for the belts at untelevised house shows, with the Andre-DiBiase team usually winning by countout or disqualification (thus, never winning the belts). At least one Andre-DiBiase teaming was televised, this being a special series of shows taped at the Resorts International Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey.", "Brad Armstrong (wrestler) Robert Bradley James ( June 15, 1962 \u2013 November 1, 2012) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong. He is best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler \"Bullet Bob\" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian. Brad Armstrong started out in the National Wrestling Alliance's Gulf Coast territory, Southeastern Championship Wrestling in July 1980 at the age of 18. He was a face, or good guy, due to his good looks and superb wrestling ability. He feuded with Jerry Stubbs and Tom Prichard during his stay there and won the NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship there. Armstrong moved to the NWA's Georgia territory, Georgia Championship Wrestling, in 1984, where he feuded with Tom McCartney, Ted DiBiase alongside his father Bob and then \"White Lightning\" Tim Horner. with who he formed The Lightning Express. Armstrong's in ring ability allowed him to take great advantage of a mix of technical wrestling and explosive speed in his style. It was during this time that Armstrong was involved in an angle with Tommy Rich. Rich was in a feud with Ted DiBiase. They had a \"loser leaves wrestling\" match that Rich lost. So, Rich put on a mask & came back as Mr. R. DiBiase insisted that Mr R. was really Rich. Then, on a TV match for Dibiase's NWA National Title, Rich visited announcer Gordon Solie during the match. Dibiase unmasked Mr R. to find that it was actually Armstrong. In all of the confusion, Armstrong pinned Dibiase to become NWA National Champion for his first of two times holding that belt. Armstrong held the NWA National Tag Team Championship twice that year, once with his father, and once with Horner.", "Later in the event, I.R.S. defeated the 1-2-3 Kid. DiBiase went on a leave of absence for several months, and Schyster returned to singles competition, feuding with Ramon. DiBiase retired from wrestling. Mike Rotunda, who portrayed Schyster, and Ted DiBiase continue to be close friends in real life, and they have reunited on several occasions following the disbanding of Money Inc. In 1994, DiBiase formed the Million Dollar Corporation, a stable of heel wrestlers. Schyster was one of the first wrestlers to join the group and remained in the stable until leaving the WWF in 1995. In 1996, DiBiase and Rotunda (the latter as V.K. Wallstreet) were briefly together again in World Championship Wrestling as members of the New World Order. Money Inc. made a surprise one-night return at Raw Family Reunion on October 9, 2006. They joined Arn Anderson and Rowdy Roddy Piper to assist Ric Flair, who was facing Mitch. They prevented the rest of Mitch's Spirit Squad from getting involved in the match, helping Flair secure the victory. At the 15th Anniversary special edition of \"Monday Night Raw\" on December 10, 2007, Money Inc. had a brief reunion during a 15-man over-the-top-rope battle royal. After I.R.S. was the last man standing out of the 14 wrestlers that made it to the ring, DiBiase came out as the 15th entrant and paid I.R.S. to eliminate himself. As a result, DiBiase was named the winner of the match. They were also reunited on an episode of RAW in 2010 where they fought with fellow legends after a match between DiBiase's son Ted DiBiase and Christian.", "Iron Mike DiBiase Michael DiBiase (December 24, 1923 \u2013 July 2, 1969) was an Italian American professional wrestler, also known by his ring name \"Iron\" Mike DiBiase. The adoptive father of professional wrestler \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase, he was married to Ted's mother Helen Hild (also a professional wrestler), and was the grandfather of Mike, Ted Jr., and Brett DiBiase. As an amateur wrestler, DiBiase, representing the US Navy, was the 1946 AAU champion in the UNL (open or heavyweight) division. He then wrestled at the University of Nebraska, and competed at UNL in the NCAA tournament in 1947 and 1948, losing his first round match both years. DiBiase made his professional debut in 1950. In 1963, DiBiase became the 131st and last knockout victim of light heavyweight boxer Archie Moore. DiBiase is one of several professional wrestlers to die during a match. On July 2, 1969, in Lubbock, Texas, DiBiase had a fatal heart attack in the ring during a match with Man Mountain Mike. Harley Race, recognizing a heart attack, performed CPR on DiBiase and then rode in the ambulance with him. DiBiase was pronounced dead at the hospital."], "answer": {"text": "instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\"", "answer_start": 511}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#6", "question": "Were there any other matches of note?", "rewrite": "Besides Ted DiBiase's match with Rich, aere there any other matches of note?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Million Dollar Championship The Million Dollar Championship was an unsanctioned professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation) created for \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. The Million Dollar belt was designed by Terry Betteridge of Betteridge Jewelers in Greenwich, Connecticut. It is gold plated, made with cubic zirconia, with three small diamonds on the back. DiBiase claimed the cost was around $40,000, although Bruce Prichard claimed on his podcast \"Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard\" that the belt cost close to $50,000. Ted DiBiase was unable to win the WWF Championship, having lost the final match of the WWF Championship tournament at WrestleMania IV to \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. During the Summer of 1988 DiBiase teamed with Andr\u00e9 the Giant, in a team known as \"The Mega Bucks\", while chasing the WWF Championship. A frustrated DiBiase decided that if he couldn't win or buy the WWF Championship he would purchase his own championship belt. In 1989, DiBiase unveiled a new championship belt, which he called the Million Dollar Championship. This belt never was officially sanctioned by the WWF, and DiBiase would rarely put his \"title\" on the line in matches. Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts stole the belt during their feud in early 1990. This also led to a face turn for the Big Boss Man who resented his manager Slick selling his services to DiBiase in order to retrieve the belt from Roberts. After attacking Jake and stealing the bag containing the belt and Roberts's pet python, Damien, DiBiase, the Boss Man and Slick headed for \"The Brother Love Show\" where DiBiase bragged about buying the Boss Man's services.", "Later in the event, I.R.S. defeated the 1-2-3 Kid. DiBiase went on a leave of absence for several months, and Schyster returned to singles competition, feuding with Ramon. DiBiase retired from wrestling. Mike Rotunda, who portrayed Schyster, and Ted DiBiase continue to be close friends in real life, and they have reunited on several occasions following the disbanding of Money Inc. In 1994, DiBiase formed the Million Dollar Corporation, a stable of heel wrestlers. Schyster was one of the first wrestlers to join the group and remained in the stable until leaving the WWF in 1995. In 1996, DiBiase and Rotunda (the latter as V.K. Wallstreet) were briefly together again in World Championship Wrestling as members of the New World Order. Money Inc. made a surprise one-night return at Raw Family Reunion on October 9, 2006. They joined Arn Anderson and Rowdy Roddy Piper to assist Ric Flair, who was facing Mitch. They prevented the rest of Mitch's Spirit Squad from getting involved in the match, helping Flair secure the victory. At the 15th Anniversary special edition of \"Monday Night Raw\" on December 10, 2007, Money Inc. had a brief reunion during a 15-man over-the-top-rope battle royal. After I.R.S. was the last man standing out of the 14 wrestlers that made it to the ring, DiBiase came out as the 15th entrant and paid I.R.S. to eliminate himself. As a result, DiBiase was named the winner of the match. They were also reunited on an episode of RAW in 2010 where they fought with fellow legends after a match between DiBiase's son Ted DiBiase and Christian.", "Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG).", "The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase Andr\u00e9's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. Andr\u00e9 was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 went their separate ways and the team was dissolved. Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Ted DiBiase had teamed on several occasions when both were signed to the World Wrestling Federation in 1979, when both worked as faces (or good guys). Their first documented teaming together was at an untelevised house show in Totowa, New Jersey, against two of the WWF's top villains of the time, \"High Chief\" Peter Maivia and Greg \"the Hammer\" Valentine; Andre and DiBiase won when Andre pinned Maivia. Andre and DiBiase wrestled WWF Tag Team Champions the Valiant Brothers (Johnny and Jerry) several times for the belts at untelevised house shows, with the Andre-DiBiase team usually winning by countout or disqualification (thus, never winning the belts). At least one Andre-DiBiase teaming was televised, this being a special series of shows taped at the Resorts International Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey.", "Brad Armstrong (wrestler) Robert Bradley James ( June 15, 1962 \u2013 November 1, 2012) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong. He is best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler \"Bullet Bob\" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian. Brad Armstrong started out in the National Wrestling Alliance's Gulf Coast territory, Southeastern Championship Wrestling in July 1980 at the age of 18. He was a face, or good guy, due to his good looks and superb wrestling ability. He feuded with Jerry Stubbs and Tom Prichard during his stay there and won the NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship there. Armstrong moved to the NWA's Georgia territory, Georgia Championship Wrestling, in 1984, where he feuded with Tom McCartney, Ted DiBiase alongside his father Bob and then \"White Lightning\" Tim Horner. with who he formed The Lightning Express. Armstrong's in ring ability allowed him to take great advantage of a mix of technical wrestling and explosive speed in his style. It was during this time that Armstrong was involved in an angle with Tommy Rich. Rich was in a feud with Ted DiBiase. They had a \"loser leaves wrestling\" match that Rich lost. So, Rich put on a mask & came back as Mr. R. DiBiase insisted that Mr R. was really Rich. Then, on a TV match for Dibiase's NWA National Title, Rich visited announcer Gordon Solie during the match. Dibiase unmasked Mr R. to find that it was actually Armstrong. In all of the confusion, Armstrong pinned Dibiase to become NWA National Champion for his first of two times holding that belt. Armstrong held the NWA National Tag Team Championship twice that year, once with his father, and once with Horner."], "answer": {"text": "\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and", "answer_start": 588}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Rich do instead of leaving?", "answer": {"text": "instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\"", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#7", "question": "What did he do when he appeared backstage?", "rewrite": "What did he do when Rich appeared backstage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carmella took advantage of the opportunity and cashed in her Money in the Bank contract and won the championship. A rematch was scheduled for Backlash. At WrestleMania 34, Brock Lesnar retained the Universal Championship against Roman Reigns and then was scheduled to defend the title against Reigns in a steel cage match at the Greatest Royal Rumble, which Reigns lost. On \"Raw\", Reigns addressed his match against Lesnar when a returning Samoa Joe, who had been out with injury since January, interrupted him, called him a failure, and challenged him to a match at Backlash. During the Superstar Shake-up, Joe was traded to SmackDown. On the April 17 episode of \"SmackDown\", Big Cass returned from injury, aiding Shinsuke Nakamura in attacking AJ Styles and Daniel Bryan during a match in which the two were teaming together. The following week, a \"Miz TV\" segment with Daniel Bryan was advertised, but instead Cass came out. (It was later revealed that Cass had attacked him backstage.) SmackDown General Manager Paige scheduled a match between the two for Backlash. At Greatest Royal Rumble, Cass eliminated Bryan from the Greatest Royal Rumble match. On the April 9 episode of \"Raw\", Bobby Lashley returned to WWE after a ten-year absence. Also that night, Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn appeared backstage on \"Raw\" and tried to convince Raw General Manager Kurt Angle to hire them since they were unsuccessful in gaining back their jobs on SmackDown at WrestleMania 34. Angle decided that the winner of a match between the two would get a contract, but the match ended in a double countout, so neither received a contract. On the April 16 episode, however, Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon awarded both Owens and Zayn contracts. The two were later involved in a 10-man tag team match, and were defeated by the opposing team, which included Lashley and Braun Strowman.", "On August 16, 2012, Terrell made her debut for TNA, being introduced by the Vice President of the Knockouts Division, Brooke Hogan, as the special guest referee for the TNA Women's Knockout Championship match between Madison Rayne and Miss Tessmacher. Terrell later became the official referee for the Knockouts division. On January 13, 2013, at Genesis, Terrell began a storyline with Gail Kim after making a bad call during a gauntlet match, thus costing Kim's chance to become the number one contender to the Knockouts Championship. On the following episode of Impact Wrestling, Terrell appeared backstage with Kim, who told Terrell not to make another mistake. Later that night, during Kim's match with Velvet Sky, Kim would argue with Terrell, costing herself the match in the process. On the February 21 episode of Impact Wrestling, Terrell helped Sky defeat Tara, Miss Tessmacher and Kim in a fatal four-way elimination match, with Sky lastly eliminating Kim to win the Knockouts Championship after Kim provoked Terrell into getting involved in the match. On March 10 at Lockdown, towards the end of the Knockouts Championship match, Terrell would attack Kim, again costing her the title. After the match, Terrell was attacked by Kim backstage during an interview. On the following episode of Impact Wrestling, Kim revealed that Brooke Hogan put Terrell on probation for attacking Kim. In a tag team match between Mickie James and Velvet Sky against Gail Kim and Tara, Terrell would again cost Kim the match by attacking her. On the March 21 episode of Impact Wrestling, Terrell was terminated as Knockouts referee by Hogan, and was subsequently signed as a TNA Knockout.", "McMahon appeared on the November 1 episode of \"Raw\" in a pre-taped segment, where she dreamt that Vince awoke from a coma after his doctor, played by actor and one-time WWE employee Freddie Prinze Jr., informed him that his wife Linda had invested millions in her campaign as she runs for senate. Vince's heart rate elevated more and more as Prinze informed him on what was \"wrong\" with WWE since he went into a coma. After beginning to feel better, Vince realizes that he has a serious case of \"the runs\", in which he gets out of bed and walks to the bathroom, in which he is covered in campaign signs, that block his backside. McMahon suddenly wakes up from her dream and asks her husband, Triple H (off-screen and voice work only), if Vince was still in a coma, in which Triple H replies \" Yeah, he's in a coma. I'm pretty sure he's brain dead.\"; McMahon responds by saying \"Thank God,\" and then lays back down. McMahon made an appearance as a guest speaker at the WrestleMania XXVII Press Conference. Several months later, she appeared in a backstage segment at SummerSlam to wish CM Punk luck in his match. Upon offering to shake his hand, Punk declined and insulted her: \"I would, but... I know where that hand's been. \" The following night on \"Raw\", McMahon appeared backstage with CM Punk and threatened him: \"...in the end, people always get what they deserve.\" On July 23, 2012, McMahon made an appearance on the 1000th episode of \"Raw\" where she confronted and then slapped Paul Heyman to convince him to accept a match between Brock Lesnar and Triple H at SummerSlam.", "However, she later appears as an adult in the Muppet Show comic series story arc \"Family Reunion\". Originally, Scooter got his job as a \"gofer\" because his rich uncle J. P. Grosse owned the theatre, and he maintained it through a combination of efficiency and nepotism. Originally, Scooter would often use his family connection to his advantage, making unreasonable demands on his uncle's behalf. His antagonistic role was gradually discarded, and he became a legitimate assistant to Kermit, with the two becoming friends. Eventually, his job was often closer to that of a stage manager, or even that of a subordinate producer, and he would do whatever he could to help Kermit to (albeit unsuccessfully) keep order among the Muppets. In the second through fourth seasons, Scooter featured in the cold openings, where he would enter the guest star's dressing room to tell them that there are only \"fifteen seconds to curtain.\" However, the number of seconds can actually change. In the dressing room, a gag or short comical sketch would occur before the opening theme song. For the fifth season, a new style of cold opening featuring Pops replaced this format. Scooter sometimes helped Miss Piggy to get Kermit to be romantically interested in her. He was also on good terms with Fozzie Bear, being less annoyed with his jokes than most people, and they performed a duet or double act onstage in a few episodes. His relationship with Floyd Pepper, who frequently appeared backstage, may be comparable to Hunt's relationship with Jerry Nelson. The two puppeteers frequently collaborated, with the elder Nelson helping the younger Hunt to develop his performing abilities from the start. Hunt and Nelson were also known for being vocally talented, and Scooter sat in with the band on occasion (as a vocalist or guest musician).", "Turbonilla hespera Turbonilla hespera is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies. The shell grows to a length of 5.3 mm. The type specimen was found in the Atlantic Ocean off Georgia, USA, at a depth of 538 m."], "answer": {"text": "and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and", "answer_start": 680}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Rich do instead of leaving?", "answer": {"text": "instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\"", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other matches of note?", "answer": {"text": "\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#8", "question": "After his win what other matches did he participate in?", "rewrite": "After Mister R's win, what other matches did Ted DiBiase participate in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG).", "DiBiase also spent time in the Georgia area where he had an early face run. One legendary angle had DiBiase enduring four piledrivers (one on the concrete floor and three in the ring) administered in the WTBS studio arena by The Fabulous Freebirds before his tag team partner, Tommy \"Wildfire\" Rich, threw in the towel (the angle of DiBiase being badly injured was so real the TBS studio audience could be seen crying). Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and unmasked as Brad Armstrong. Both DiBiase and Rich left the territory shortly thereafter. In the early to mid-1980s, DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog and formed a group called The Rat Pack with Jim Duggan and Matt Borne, ran Mid-south for months. Aligning with Skandor Akbar, Dibiase caused a riff with the group, namely Duggan. The two would feud until DiBiase lost a loser leave town match. He also held various championships and made frequent trips to All Japan Pro Wrestling until his eventual departure from Mid-South Wrestling (which by this point was now the UWF).", "Later in the event, I.R.S. defeated the 1-2-3 Kid. DiBiase went on a leave of absence for several months, and Schyster returned to singles competition, feuding with Ramon. DiBiase retired from wrestling. Mike Rotunda, who portrayed Schyster, and Ted DiBiase continue to be close friends in real life, and they have reunited on several occasions following the disbanding of Money Inc. In 1994, DiBiase formed the Million Dollar Corporation, a stable of heel wrestlers. Schyster was one of the first wrestlers to join the group and remained in the stable until leaving the WWF in 1995. In 1996, DiBiase and Rotunda (the latter as V.K. Wallstreet) were briefly together again in World Championship Wrestling as members of the New World Order. Money Inc. made a surprise one-night return at Raw Family Reunion on October 9, 2006. They joined Arn Anderson and Rowdy Roddy Piper to assist Ric Flair, who was facing Mitch. They prevented the rest of Mitch's Spirit Squad from getting involved in the match, helping Flair secure the victory. At the 15th Anniversary special edition of \"Monday Night Raw\" on December 10, 2007, Money Inc. had a brief reunion during a 15-man over-the-top-rope battle royal. After I.R.S. was the last man standing out of the 14 wrestlers that made it to the ring, DiBiase came out as the 15th entrant and paid I.R.S. to eliminate himself. As a result, DiBiase was named the winner of the match. They were also reunited on an episode of RAW in 2010 where they fought with fellow legends after a match between DiBiase's son Ted DiBiase and Christian.", "Million Dollar Championship The Million Dollar Championship was an unsanctioned professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation) created for \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. The Million Dollar belt was designed by Terry Betteridge of Betteridge Jewelers in Greenwich, Connecticut. It is gold plated, made with cubic zirconia, with three small diamonds on the back. DiBiase claimed the cost was around $40,000, although Bruce Prichard claimed on his podcast \"Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard\" that the belt cost close to $50,000. Ted DiBiase was unable to win the WWF Championship, having lost the final match of the WWF Championship tournament at WrestleMania IV to \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. During the Summer of 1988 DiBiase teamed with Andr\u00e9 the Giant, in a team known as \"The Mega Bucks\", while chasing the WWF Championship. A frustrated DiBiase decided that if he couldn't win or buy the WWF Championship he would purchase his own championship belt. In 1989, DiBiase unveiled a new championship belt, which he called the Million Dollar Championship. This belt never was officially sanctioned by the WWF, and DiBiase would rarely put his \"title\" on the line in matches. Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts stole the belt during their feud in early 1990. This also led to a face turn for the Big Boss Man who resented his manager Slick selling his services to DiBiase in order to retrieve the belt from Roberts. After attacking Jake and stealing the bag containing the belt and Roberts's pet python, Damien, DiBiase, the Boss Man and Slick headed for \"The Brother Love Show\" where DiBiase bragged about buying the Boss Man's services.", "DiBiase also spent time in the Georgia area where he had an early face run. One legendary angle had DiBiase enduring four piledrivers (one on the concrete floor and three in the ring) administered in the WTBS studio arena by The Fabulous Freebirds before his tag team partner, Tommy \"Wildfire\" Rich, threw in the towel (the angle of DiBiase being badly injured was so real the TBS studio audience could be seen crying). Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and unmasked as Brad Armstrong. Both DiBiase and Rich left the territory shortly thereafter. In the early to mid-1980s, DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog and formed a group called The Rat Pack with Jim Duggan and Matt Borne, ran Mid-south for months. Aligning with Skandor Akbar, Dibiase caused a riff with the group, namely Duggan. The two would feud until DiBiase lost a loser leave town match. He also held various championships and made frequent trips to All Japan Pro Wrestling until his eventual departure from Mid-South Wrestling (which by this point was now the UWF)."], "answer": {"text": "DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from", "answer_start": 871}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Rich do instead of leaving?", "answer": {"text": "instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\"", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other matches of note?", "answer": {"text": "\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he appeared backstage?", "answer": {"text": "and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#9", "question": "What are these various territories?", "rewrite": "What are the various territories that Ted DiBiase feuded in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andr\u00e9 was eventually forced to let go after Hacksaw Jim Duggan broke a 2x4 over Andr\u00e9's back. Addition in 1988, Hogan and the \"Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase feuded due to Hogan's refusal to sell DiBiase the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. Hogan continued to defeat DiBiase several times which led to DiBiase turning to Andr\u00e9 in hopes that Andr\u00e9 win it for him. This feud set up a Hogan-Andr\u00e9 rematch on \"The Main Event I\", which aired live on February 5, 1988, on NBC. During the match Andr\u00e9 won the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hogan, even though Hogan's shoulders were not on the mat during the 3-count. Following the match it was revealed that appointed referee Dave Hebner was \"detained backstage\", and Hogan during his post match interview accused DiBiase of paying someone to get plastic surgery to look like Dave. It was revealed to have been Dave's twin brother, Earl Hebner. After winning, Andr\u00e9 sold the title to DiBiase, however the transaction was declared invalid by then-WWF president Jack Tunney and the title was declared vacant. The broadcast was seen by 33 million people. At WrestleMania IV, Andr\u00e9 and Hogan fought to a double disqualification in a WWF title tournament match. Afterward, Andr\u00e9 and Hogan fought in a steel cage match held at WrestleFest on July 31, 1988, in Milwaukee. At the inaugural SummerSlam pay-per-view held at Madison Square Garden, Andr\u00e9 and DiBiase (calling themselves The Mega Bucks) faced Hogan and \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage (known as The Mega Powers) in the main event, with Jesse \"The Body\" Ventura as the special guest referee. The Mega Powers won thus ending the Andre-Hogan rivalry.", "Brad Armstrong (wrestler) Robert Bradley James ( June 15, 1962 \u2013 November 1, 2012) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Brad Armstrong. He is best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler \"Bullet Bob\" Armstrong and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian. Brad Armstrong started out in the National Wrestling Alliance's Gulf Coast territory, Southeastern Championship Wrestling in July 1980 at the age of 18. He was a face, or good guy, due to his good looks and superb wrestling ability. He feuded with Jerry Stubbs and Tom Prichard during his stay there and won the NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship there. Armstrong moved to the NWA's Georgia territory, Georgia Championship Wrestling, in 1984, where he feuded with Tom McCartney, Ted DiBiase alongside his father Bob and then \"White Lightning\" Tim Horner. with who he formed The Lightning Express. Armstrong's in ring ability allowed him to take great advantage of a mix of technical wrestling and explosive speed in his style. It was during this time that Armstrong was involved in an angle with Tommy Rich. Rich was in a feud with Ted DiBiase. They had a \"loser leaves wrestling\" match that Rich lost. So, Rich put on a mask & came back as Mr. R. DiBiase insisted that Mr R. was really Rich. Then, on a TV match for Dibiase's NWA National Title, Rich visited announcer Gordon Solie during the match. Dibiase unmasked Mr R. to find that it was actually Armstrong. In all of the confusion, Armstrong pinned Dibiase to become NWA National Champion for his first of two times holding that belt. Armstrong held the NWA National Tag Team Championship twice that year, once with his father, and once with Horner.", "so she could exit, turning Savage into a face for the first time in over two years. The Undertaker's victory debut at the event marked the beginning of his undefeated WrestleMania streak. He was victorious for 21 straight matches, with the final win coming against CM Punk at WrestleMania 29 in 2013. The following year, at WrestleMania XXX, The Undertaker was defeated by Brock Lesnar. Backstage as Hogan was being interviewed on his victory over Sgt. Slaughter, Slaughter attacked Hogan by throwing a fireball in his face. Hogan quickly recovered from the attack and defended the belt primarily against Slaughter, largely in \"Desert Storm\" (i.e., no-disqualification) matches. He also had to deal with the returning Iron Sheik, who was now competing as Colonel Mustafa. Hogan and the Ultimate Warrior eventually teamed up at SummerSlam 1991, defeating Slaughter, Mustafa and their manager, General Adnan, in a two-vs.-three handicap match. Savage returned to television in a non-wrestling role as a color commentator for the WWF's flagship syndicated program, \"Superstars\"; although a fan favorite to the crowd, much of his commentary was heel-leaning. Meanwhile, the storyline with Miss Elizabeth continued, culminating with Savage proposing to her in the ring leading to an on-air wedding at SummerSlam 1991 dubbed \"The Match Made in Heaven\". (The wedding was kayfabe, as Savage and Elizabeth were already legally married.) Virgil and Ted DiBiase feuded with each other until November 1991, including facing off at SummerSlam 1991 when DiBiase lost his Million Dollar Belt to Virgil. After DiBiase won his belt back in November with the help of The Repo Man (formerly Smash of Demolition), their feud ended at the This Tuesday in Texas PPV when DiBiase and Repo Man defeated Virgil and Tito Santana in a tag team match.", "DiBiase also spent time in the Georgia area where he had an early face run. One legendary angle had DiBiase enduring four piledrivers (one on the concrete floor and three in the ring) administered in the WTBS studio arena by The Fabulous Freebirds before his tag team partner, Tommy \"Wildfire\" Rich, threw in the towel (the angle of DiBiase being badly injured was so real the TBS studio audience could be seen crying). Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and unmasked as Brad Armstrong. Both DiBiase and Rich left the territory shortly thereafter. In the early to mid-1980s, DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog and formed a group called The Rat Pack with Jim Duggan and Matt Borne, ran Mid-south for months. Aligning with Skandor Akbar, Dibiase caused a riff with the group, namely Duggan. The two would feud until DiBiase lost a loser leave town match. He also held various championships and made frequent trips to All Japan Pro Wrestling until his eventual departure from Mid-South Wrestling (which by this point was now the UWF).", "DiBiase also spent time in the Georgia area where he had an early face run. One legendary angle had DiBiase enduring four piledrivers (one on the concrete floor and three in the ring) administered in the WTBS studio arena by The Fabulous Freebirds before his tag team partner, Tommy \"Wildfire\" Rich, threw in the towel (the angle of DiBiase being badly injured was so real the TBS studio audience could be seen crying). Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and unmasked as Brad Armstrong. Both DiBiase and Rich left the territory shortly thereafter. In the early to mid-1980s, DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog and formed a group called The Rat Pack with Jim Duggan and Matt Borne, ran Mid-south for months. Aligning with Skandor Akbar, Dibiase caused a riff with the group, namely Duggan. The two would feud until DiBiase lost a loser leave town match. He also held various championships and made frequent trips to All Japan Pro Wrestling until his eventual departure from Mid-South Wrestling (which by this point was now the UWF)."], "answer": {"text": "best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and", "answer_start": 961}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Rich do instead of leaving?", "answer": {"text": "instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\"", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other matches of note?", "answer": {"text": "\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he appeared backstage?", "answer": {"text": "and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "After his win what other matches did he participate in?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#10", "question": "Did he get any recognition?", "rewrite": "Did Ted DiBiase get any recognition for returning to the Mid South?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG).", "The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase Andr\u00e9's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. Andr\u00e9 was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 went their separate ways and the team was dissolved. Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Ted DiBiase had teamed on several occasions when both were signed to the World Wrestling Federation in 1979, when both worked as faces (or good guys). Their first documented teaming together was at an untelevised house show in Totowa, New Jersey, against two of the WWF's top villains of the time, \"High Chief\" Peter Maivia and Greg \"the Hammer\" Valentine; Andre and DiBiase won when Andre pinned Maivia. Andre and DiBiase wrestled WWF Tag Team Champions the Valiant Brothers (Johnny and Jerry) several times for the belts at untelevised house shows, with the Andre-DiBiase team usually winning by countout or disqualification (thus, never winning the belts). At least one Andre-DiBiase teaming was televised, this being a special series of shows taped at the Resorts International Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey.", "Million Dollar Championship The Million Dollar Championship was an unsanctioned professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation) created for \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. The Million Dollar belt was designed by Terry Betteridge of Betteridge Jewelers in Greenwich, Connecticut. It is gold plated, made with cubic zirconia, with three small diamonds on the back. DiBiase claimed the cost was around $40,000, although Bruce Prichard claimed on his podcast \"Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard\" that the belt cost close to $50,000. Ted DiBiase was unable to win the WWF Championship, having lost the final match of the WWF Championship tournament at WrestleMania IV to \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. During the Summer of 1988 DiBiase teamed with Andr\u00e9 the Giant, in a team known as \"The Mega Bucks\", while chasing the WWF Championship. A frustrated DiBiase decided that if he couldn't win or buy the WWF Championship he would purchase his own championship belt. In 1989, DiBiase unveiled a new championship belt, which he called the Million Dollar Championship. This belt never was officially sanctioned by the WWF, and DiBiase would rarely put his \"title\" on the line in matches. Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts stole the belt during their feud in early 1990. This also led to a face turn for the Big Boss Man who resented his manager Slick selling his services to DiBiase in order to retrieve the belt from Roberts. After attacking Jake and stealing the bag containing the belt and Roberts's pet python, Damien, DiBiase, the Boss Man and Slick headed for \"The Brother Love Show\" where DiBiase bragged about buying the Boss Man's services.", "DiBiase also spent time in the Georgia area where he had an early face run. One legendary angle had DiBiase enduring four piledrivers (one on the concrete floor and three in the ring) administered in the WTBS studio arena by The Fabulous Freebirds before his tag team partner, Tommy \"Wildfire\" Rich, threw in the towel (the angle of DiBiase being badly injured was so real the TBS studio audience could be seen crying). Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and unmasked as Brad Armstrong. Both DiBiase and Rich left the territory shortly thereafter. In the early to mid-1980s, DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog and formed a group called The Rat Pack with Jim Duggan and Matt Borne, ran Mid-south for months. Aligning with Skandor Akbar, Dibiase caused a riff with the group, namely Duggan. The two would feud until DiBiase lost a loser leave town match. He also held various championships and made frequent trips to All Japan Pro Wrestling until his eventual departure from Mid-South Wrestling (which by this point was now the UWF).", "Mike DiBiase (born 1977) Michael Wills Foreman DiBiase II (born September 10, 1977) is an American retired professional wrestler. A third generation wrestler, DiBiase is the grandson of \"Iron\" Mike DiBiase and Helen Hild and the son of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase began his career in early 2006, when he and his younger half brother Ted began training in Amarillo, Texas with Chris Youngblood while gaining experience wrestling in shows for local independent wrestling promotion Professional Wrestling Federation (PWF). While there, DiBiase became the first-ever PWF West Texas Wrestling Legends Heritage Champion. He also won the 2006 Jay Youngblood Memorial Tag Team Tournament Cup alongside \"Radical\" Ricky Romero III. DiBiase and Romero became the first tag team in professional wrestling that consisted of two third generation superstars, and became known as Team 3G. In mid-2006, the DiBiase brothers went to train with former NWA World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Hall of Famer Harley Race, and began competing in his World League Wrestling promotion. The DiBiase brothers began working as a tag team, and made their debut in April 2006, beating the then-WLW Tag Team Champions. DiBiase continued his stay in WLW and became one half of The WLW Tag Team Champions with \"Wild\" Wade Chism. On January 13, 2007, DiBiase returned to PWF for their Wrestlution event, where he defeated Mosh Pit Mike. Both DiBiase and his brother Ted signed contracts with Pro Wrestling Noah in late January, but suffered a knee injury. In February 2007, DiBiase suffered a torn ACL during a training session with Race. DiBiase had immediate surgery and was out of action for over five months."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Rich do instead of leaving?", "answer": {"text": "instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\"", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other matches of note?", "answer": {"text": "\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he appeared backstage?", "answer": {"text": "and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "After his win what other matches did he participate in?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are these various territories?", "answer": {"text": "best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and", "answer_start": 961, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d87673e836354baf8d079e4fe6cc1af2_1_q#11", "question": "Where was he most successful?", "rewrite": "Where was Ted DiBiase most successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike DiBiase (born 1977) Michael Wills Foreman DiBiase II (born September 10, 1977) is an American retired professional wrestler. A third generation wrestler, DiBiase is the grandson of \"Iron\" Mike DiBiase and Helen Hild and the son of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase began his career in early 2006, when he and his younger half brother Ted began training in Amarillo, Texas with Chris Youngblood while gaining experience wrestling in shows for local independent wrestling promotion Professional Wrestling Federation (PWF). While there, DiBiase became the first-ever PWF West Texas Wrestling Legends Heritage Champion. He also won the 2006 Jay Youngblood Memorial Tag Team Tournament Cup alongside \"Radical\" Ricky Romero III. DiBiase and Romero became the first tag team in professional wrestling that consisted of two third generation superstars, and became known as Team 3G. In mid-2006, the DiBiase brothers went to train with former NWA World Heavyweight Champion and WWE Hall of Famer Harley Race, and began competing in his World League Wrestling promotion. The DiBiase brothers began working as a tag team, and made their debut in April 2006, beating the then-WLW Tag Team Champions. DiBiase continued his stay in WLW and became one half of The WLW Tag Team Champions with \"Wild\" Wade Chism. On January 13, 2007, DiBiase returned to PWF for their Wrestlution event, where he defeated Mosh Pit Mike. Both DiBiase and his brother Ted signed contracts with Pro Wrestling Noah in late January, but suffered a knee injury. In February 2007, DiBiase suffered a torn ACL during a training session with Race. DiBiase had immediate surgery and was out of action for over five months.", "Million Dollar Championship The Million Dollar Championship was an unsanctioned professional wrestling championship in World Wrestling Entertainment (formerly World Wrestling Federation) created for \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. The Million Dollar belt was designed by Terry Betteridge of Betteridge Jewelers in Greenwich, Connecticut. It is gold plated, made with cubic zirconia, with three small diamonds on the back. DiBiase claimed the cost was around $40,000, although Bruce Prichard claimed on his podcast \"Something to Wrestle with Bruce Prichard\" that the belt cost close to $50,000. Ted DiBiase was unable to win the WWF Championship, having lost the final match of the WWF Championship tournament at WrestleMania IV to \"Macho Man\" Randy Savage. During the Summer of 1988 DiBiase teamed with Andr\u00e9 the Giant, in a team known as \"The Mega Bucks\", while chasing the WWF Championship. A frustrated DiBiase decided that if he couldn't win or buy the WWF Championship he would purchase his own championship belt. In 1989, DiBiase unveiled a new championship belt, which he called the Million Dollar Championship. This belt never was officially sanctioned by the WWF, and DiBiase would rarely put his \"title\" on the line in matches. Jake \"The Snake\" Roberts stole the belt during their feud in early 1990. This also led to a face turn for the Big Boss Man who resented his manager Slick selling his services to DiBiase in order to retrieve the belt from Roberts. After attacking Jake and stealing the bag containing the belt and Roberts's pet python, Damien, DiBiase, the Boss Man and Slick headed for \"The Brother Love Show\" where DiBiase bragged about buying the Boss Man's services.", "The Mega Bucks The Mega Bucks were a professional wrestling tag team that competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1988. The team, consisting of \"The Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 the Giant, was formed in a storyline that saw DiBiase purchase Andr\u00e9's contract from fellow manager Bobby Heenan. Andr\u00e9 was to win the WWF World Heavyweight Championship from Hulk Hogan, but then he attempted to sell the belt to DiBiase. The title was vacated, but DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 were then scheduled to face Hogan and Macho Man Randy Savage in a match at SummerSlam, which Hogan and Savage won. After the match, DiBiase and Andr\u00e9 went their separate ways and the team was dissolved. Andr\u00e9 the Giant and Ted DiBiase had teamed on several occasions when both were signed to the World Wrestling Federation in 1979, when both worked as faces (or good guys). Their first documented teaming together was at an untelevised house show in Totowa, New Jersey, against two of the WWF's top villains of the time, \"High Chief\" Peter Maivia and Greg \"the Hammer\" Valentine; Andre and DiBiase won when Andre pinned Maivia. Andre and DiBiase wrestled WWF Tag Team Champions the Valiant Brothers (Johnny and Jerry) several times for the belts at untelevised house shows, with the Andre-DiBiase team usually winning by countout or disqualification (thus, never winning the belts). At least one Andre-DiBiase teaming was televised, this being a special series of shows taped at the Resorts International Steel Pier in Atlantic City, New Jersey.", "Ted DiBiase Jr., meanwhile, takes his name from his father, (Ted DiBiase) who wrestled before him along with both his grandparents (adoptive grandfather, Mike DiBiase and grandmother Helen Hild). Cody Rhodes followed in the footsteps of his father (Dusty Rhodes), his brother (Dustin Rhodes), and his two uncles (Jerry Sags and Fred Ottman), who preceded him in the business. Due to their status as multi-generation wrestlers, all the members of The Legacy believed themselves to be superior to the other wrestlers in WWE, in storyline. In an interview, Orton said the point of The Legacy was to create \"future opponents\" for himself and the others who would be wrestling in main events in WWE over the next decade. The Legacy has been compared to the former WWE faction Evolution of which Orton was a member, but Rhodes and DiBiase have said that they saw the comparison as an opportunity to prove themselves and show their potential. Cody Rhodes was a World Tag Team Champion throughout the beginning of 2008 alongside Hardcore Holly, who was acting as a mentor to him. Ted DiBiase made his first WWE appearance on the May 26 episode of \"Raw\", in which he claimed that he and a mystery partner would take the World Tag Team Championship from Rhodes and Holly. At the Night of Champions pay-per-view event in June, DiBiase revealed his partner was running late and started the match without him, however Rhodes quickly betrayed Hardcore Holly by attacking him. This turned Rhodes into a villainous character and meant that he and DiBiase won the championship. In September, Randy Orton, who at the time was injured, made an appearance on \"Raw\", where he criticized all the champions, mocking Rhodes and DiBiase for allowing their title belts to be stolen by Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and JTG).", "The Million Dollar Corporation The Million Dollar Corporation was a heel stable in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from April 1994 to May 1996 and was led and managed by the \"Million Dollar Man\" Ted DiBiase. DiBiase had retired from active competition after a back injury in a match for All Japan Pro Wrestling in late 1993 and was brought back by the WWF as a manager. The group's foundation was laid on the May 16, 1994 episode of Monday Night Raw when Ted DiBiase announced that he had purchased the services of Nikolai Volkoff. Volkoff had fallen on hard times, and DiBiase took advantage by forcing him to be his servant in order for Volkoff to provide for his family. This included Volkoff wearing a tuxedo T-shirt as well as trunks that read \"Property of the Million Dollar Man\" along with cent signs, as opposed to the dollar signs DiBiase had worn on his trunks. Over the next couple of months, DiBiase acquired Bam Bam Bigelow as well as former tag team partner Irwin R. Schyster (I.R.S.). Another infamous addition was made early on, when DiBiase claimed to be bringing The Undertaker back to the WWF after a long absence. On the June 11 episode of \"Superstars\" a man looking and sounding like The Undertaker was produced by DiBiase. Initially, announcers accepted DiBiase's claim, but eventually his man (wrestler Brian Lee) was revealed to be a doppelg\u00e4nger. After a main event showdown with \"the real Undertaker\" at SummerSlam 1994, the Million Dollar Man's version was not seen again. Also at SummerSlam 1994, the Corporation gained another member."], "answer": {"text": "Typically, his matches ended with the use of a \"loaded\" black glove, which he pulled from his tights to \"knock out\" his opponent when the referee was not looking.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about how Ted DiBiase contributed to the National Wrestling Alliance?", "answer": {"text": "While locked in talks with the National Wrestling Alliance in 1987 after the UWF was acquired by Jim Crockett, DiBiase received", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did he receive?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase received an offer from the WWF. DiBiase was eventually convinced by WWF to", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he ultimately return to MSW?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first match he had back with MSW?", "answer": {"text": "return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and One Man Gang. DiBiase turned heel against the Junkyard Dog", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he wrestle with anyone of note?", "answer": {"text": "Rich and DiBiase later feuded, leading to a loser leaves town match which DiBiase won, but instead of Rich leaving the area,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Rich do instead of leaving?", "answer": {"text": "instead of Rich leaving the area, he donned a mask calling himself \"Mister R.\"", "answer_start": 511, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other matches of note?", "answer": {"text": "\" The feud culminated in a match between Mister R and DiBiase, Rich appeared from backstage and", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do when he appeared backstage?", "answer": {"text": "and distracted DiBiase. Mister R then rolled up DiBiase to get the win and", "answer_start": 680, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "After his win what other matches did he participate in?", "answer": {"text": "DiBiase participated in angles in various territories feuding with the likes of Ric Flair best known from", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are these various territories?", "answer": {"text": "best known from this point in his Mid South return with the likes of Bob Roop, Paul Orndorff, Dick Murdoch, The Fabulous Freebirds and", "answer_start": 961, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get any recognition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21477d51790d46c3a5d383a420ebee61_1_q#0", "question": "Where did the Odawa tribe come from?", "rewrite": "Where did the Odawa tribe come from?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Members of the confederacy were ultimately removed to the present-day Oklahoma, including the Shawnee, Delaware (also called Lenape), Miami, and Kickapoo. The area of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma was used to resettle the Iowa tribe, Sac and Fox, Absentee Shawnee, Potawatomi, and Kickapoo tribes. The Council of Three Fires is an alliance of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. In the Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1829, the tribes of the Council of Three Fires ceded to the United States their lands in Illinois Michigan and Wisconsin. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago forced the members of the Council of Three Fires to move first to present-day Iowa, then to Kansas and Nebraska, and ultimately to Oklahoma. The Illinois Potawatomi moved to present-day Nebraska and the Indiana Potawatomi moved to present-day Osawatomie, Kansas, an event known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death. The group settling in Nebraska adapted to the Plains Indian culture but the group settling in Kansas remained steadfast to their woodlands culture. In 1867 part of the Kansas group negotiated the \"Treaty of Washington with the Potawatomi\" in which the Kansas Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation split and part of their land in Kansas was sold, purchasing land near present-day Shawnee, Oklahoma, they became the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. The Odawa tribe first purchased lands near Ottawa, Kansas, residing there until 1867 when they sold their lands in Kansas and purchased land in an area administered by the Quapaw Indian Agency in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, becoming the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma.", "Odawa Casino Resort Odawa Casino Resort is a Northern Michigan casino resort. Located in Resort Township near Petoskey, Michigan, the casino opened for business on June 20, 2007. It is owned and operated by the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. The resort replaced Victories Casino in 2007, which had served as the tribe's casino until the new resort was opened. In addition to gaming, Odawa Casino Resort features multiple restaurants and retail outlets, a concert venue (Ovation Hall), a nightclub (The O Zone Nightclub), and a circular lounge bar in the middle of the gaming floor (Rendezvous). The resort also includes a AAA Diamond rated Hotel. Full shuttle transportation is available to all resort guests. Odawa Casino Resort is open to guests of all ages, however, the casino's gaming floor and the O Zone Nightclub are restricted to those of age 21 and older. Starting in 2011, the minimum gaming age at Odawa Casino Resort has been approved to be lowered to 19 years old. The gaming floor is approximately and offers approximately 1200 slot machines in addition to 36 table games. Table games include blackjack, Count's Kustoms Bonus Blackjack, poker, roulette, craps, three card poker, Let it Ride, and Flushes Gone Wild. Over 100 high-definition televisions are scattered throughout the property. The televisions show promotions, live contests, and DirecTV satellite broadcasts. Major sporting events are commonly displayed. The poker room currently includes 4 tables. Bingo was offered in 2009, but is not currently operating. Odawa Casino Resort is open 24 hours a day. Ovation Hall is a concert venue located at Odawa Casino Resort. The hall can seat up to 1,000 people and hosts concerts, trade shows, and large conferences. Bill Cosby performed two shows at the grand opening celebration.", "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Odawa. A large percentage of the more than 4000 tribal members continue to reside within the tribe's traditional homelands on the northwestern shores of the state of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The historically delineated reservation area, located at , encompasses approximately of land in Charlevoix and Emmet counties. The largest communities within the reservation boundaries are Harbor Springs (formerly known as \"L'arbre Croche\" in the French colonial era), where the tribal offices are located; Petoskey, where the Tribe operates the Odawa Casino Resort; and Charlevoix. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan, who total more than 9,000 people. The others are the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. The name Odawa, or Ottawa, is said to derive from the Anishnaabe term for \"trader. \" On one European record, it was mistakenly associated with an Odawa phrase meaning \"people of the bulrush,\" which applied to only one band along the Ottawa River. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa tribal members are descendants of, and legally recognized political successors to, the Ottawa of L'Arbre Croche, who were signatory parties to the 1836 Treaty of Washington and one of the three 1855 Treaties of Detroit. The treaties ratified the Odawa cession to the United States of approximately 37% of Michigan's current land area in exchange for money, reservations, and other benefits.", "Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined. This area around the Manistee River was long occupied by bands of Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) before European colonization. French fur traders visited the villages during the historic period. In 1836 the Ottawas were assigned a reservation along the Manistee River by a treaty with the United States government which was part of the tribe's historic range. The treaty provided reservation lands for five years and provisions to move tribal members west beyond the Missouri River, however a new treaty was ratified in 1855. The new treaty provided the tribe with a reservation that included Custer and Eden townships in Mason County and Crystal and Elbridge townships in Oceana County. Part of that land came back under tribal ownership in August 2000 when the Little River Band bought about 740 acres in Mason County. The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is one of 567 federally recognized tribes of Native Americans in the United States. On September 21, 1994, the tribal status of the Little River Band (along with that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians) was reaffirmed by the federal government when President Bill Clinton signed Senate Bill 1357 into law.", "Proponents of trail tree lore believe that a widespread cultural practice among northeastern and southeastern groups of indigenous peoples of the Americas placed sign posts in the North American wilderness by intentionally bending and securing selected saplings to force deformed growth oriented to indicate directions to resources or along trails. Each manipulated sapling was intended to survive, to grow large and to retain its shape becoming part of an extensive land and water navigational system designed to help them find their way in wild landscapes throughout forested areas of North America. This navigational system is presumed to have been already in place before the arrival of the first Europeans. Trail marker trees provided a form of land and water navigation originating from Native American tribes throughout North America. Trail marker trees designated areas of significant importance to Native Americans including council circles and gathering points. A well defined council circle, the Greensky Council Trees still exists to this day shaped by the Odawa tribe in 1830 and is located in Northern Michigan. They altered the trees in traditional Odawa fashion to mark the location: to honor this location that had been and would continue to be sacred to their people. Each of these trees takes a sharp bend away from the center of the circle at a height of eight feet and then turns up again; a dramatic and elegant designation. The first report of trail marker trees, in what is now the State of Illinois, appeared in a document called \"Map of Ouilmette Reservation with its Indian Reminders dated 1828\u20131844. \" This map shows actual drawings and locations of existing trail marker trees. Even after the indigenous population was removed in the 1830s by the \"Indian Removal Act\", pioneers in this area kept the knowledge of the trail marker trees alive by direct contact with many Northwest Territory tribes. At the beginning of the 1900s, articles, books, special events, and installation of bronze plaques at known Indian trail tree sites began to appear."], "answer": {"text": "Odaawaa (syncoped as Daawaa, is believed to be derived from the Anishinaabe word adaawe,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_21477d51790d46c3a5d383a420ebee61_1_q#1", "question": "Do they identify with any one?", "rewrite": "Do the Odawa tribe identify with any one?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Members of the confederacy were ultimately removed to the present-day Oklahoma, including the Shawnee, Delaware (also called Lenape), Miami, and Kickapoo. The area of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma was used to resettle the Iowa tribe, Sac and Fox, Absentee Shawnee, Potawatomi, and Kickapoo tribes. The Council of Three Fires is an alliance of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. In the Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1829, the tribes of the Council of Three Fires ceded to the United States their lands in Illinois Michigan and Wisconsin. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago forced the members of the Council of Three Fires to move first to present-day Iowa, then to Kansas and Nebraska, and ultimately to Oklahoma. The Illinois Potawatomi moved to present-day Nebraska and the Indiana Potawatomi moved to present-day Osawatomie, Kansas, an event known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death. The group settling in Nebraska adapted to the Plains Indian culture but the group settling in Kansas remained steadfast to their woodlands culture. In 1867 part of the Kansas group negotiated the \"Treaty of Washington with the Potawatomi\" in which the Kansas Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation split and part of their land in Kansas was sold, purchasing land near present-day Shawnee, Oklahoma, they became the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. The Odawa tribe first purchased lands near Ottawa, Kansas, residing there until 1867 when they sold their lands in Kansas and purchased land in an area administered by the Quapaw Indian Agency in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, becoming the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma.", "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Odawa. A large percentage of the more than 4000 tribal members continue to reside within the tribe's traditional homelands on the northwestern shores of the state of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The historically delineated reservation area, located at , encompasses approximately of land in Charlevoix and Emmet counties. The largest communities within the reservation boundaries are Harbor Springs (formerly known as \"L'arbre Croche\" in the French colonial era), where the tribal offices are located; Petoskey, where the Tribe operates the Odawa Casino Resort; and Charlevoix. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan, who total more than 9,000 people. The others are the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. The name Odawa, or Ottawa, is said to derive from the Anishnaabe term for \"trader. \" On one European record, it was mistakenly associated with an Odawa phrase meaning \"people of the bulrush,\" which applied to only one band along the Ottawa River. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa tribal members are descendants of, and legally recognized political successors to, the Ottawa of L'Arbre Croche, who were signatory parties to the 1836 Treaty of Washington and one of the three 1855 Treaties of Detroit. The treaties ratified the Odawa cession to the United States of approximately 37% of Michigan's current land area in exchange for money, reservations, and other benefits.", "Odawa Casino Resort Odawa Casino Resort is a Northern Michigan casino resort. Located in Resort Township near Petoskey, Michigan, the casino opened for business on June 20, 2007. It is owned and operated by the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. The resort replaced Victories Casino in 2007, which had served as the tribe's casino until the new resort was opened. In addition to gaming, Odawa Casino Resort features multiple restaurants and retail outlets, a concert venue (Ovation Hall), a nightclub (The O Zone Nightclub), and a circular lounge bar in the middle of the gaming floor (Rendezvous). The resort also includes a AAA Diamond rated Hotel. Full shuttle transportation is available to all resort guests. Odawa Casino Resort is open to guests of all ages, however, the casino's gaming floor and the O Zone Nightclub are restricted to those of age 21 and older. Starting in 2011, the minimum gaming age at Odawa Casino Resort has been approved to be lowered to 19 years old. The gaming floor is approximately and offers approximately 1200 slot machines in addition to 36 table games. Table games include blackjack, Count's Kustoms Bonus Blackjack, poker, roulette, craps, three card poker, Let it Ride, and Flushes Gone Wild. Over 100 high-definition televisions are scattered throughout the property. The televisions show promotions, live contests, and DirecTV satellite broadcasts. Major sporting events are commonly displayed. The poker room currently includes 4 tables. Bingo was offered in 2009, but is not currently operating. Odawa Casino Resort is open 24 hours a day. Ovation Hall is a concert venue located at Odawa Casino Resort. The hall can seat up to 1,000 people and hosts concerts, trade shows, and large conferences. Bill Cosby performed two shows at the grand opening celebration.", "Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined. This area around the Manistee River was long occupied by bands of Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) before European colonization. French fur traders visited the villages during the historic period. In 1836 the Ottawas were assigned a reservation along the Manistee River by a treaty with the United States government which was part of the tribe's historic range. The treaty provided reservation lands for five years and provisions to move tribal members west beyond the Missouri River, however a new treaty was ratified in 1855. The new treaty provided the tribe with a reservation that included Custer and Eden townships in Mason County and Crystal and Elbridge townships in Oceana County. Part of that land came back under tribal ownership in August 2000 when the Little River Band bought about 740 acres in Mason County. The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is one of 567 federally recognized tribes of Native Americans in the United States. On September 21, 1994, the tribal status of the Little River Band (along with that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians) was reaffirmed by the federal government when President Bill Clinton signed Senate Bill 1357 into law.", "Proponents of trail tree lore believe that a widespread cultural practice among northeastern and southeastern groups of indigenous peoples of the Americas placed sign posts in the North American wilderness by intentionally bending and securing selected saplings to force deformed growth oriented to indicate directions to resources or along trails. Each manipulated sapling was intended to survive, to grow large and to retain its shape becoming part of an extensive land and water navigational system designed to help them find their way in wild landscapes throughout forested areas of North America. This navigational system is presumed to have been already in place before the arrival of the first Europeans. Trail marker trees provided a form of land and water navigation originating from Native American tribes throughout North America. Trail marker trees designated areas of significant importance to Native Americans including council circles and gathering points. A well defined council circle, the Greensky Council Trees still exists to this day shaped by the Odawa tribe in 1830 and is located in Northern Michigan. They altered the trees in traditional Odawa fashion to mark the location: to honor this location that had been and would continue to be sacred to their people. Each of these trees takes a sharp bend away from the center of the circle at a height of eight feet and then turns up again; a dramatic and elegant designation. The first report of trail marker trees, in what is now the State of Illinois, appeared in a document called \"Map of Ouilmette Reservation with its Indian Reminders dated 1828\u20131844. \" This map shows actual drawings and locations of existing trail marker trees. Even after the indigenous population was removed in the 1830s by the \"Indian Removal Act\", pioneers in this area kept the knowledge of the trail marker trees alive by direct contact with many Northwest Territory tribes. At the beginning of the 1900s, articles, books, special events, and installation of bronze plaques at known Indian trail tree sites began to appear."], "answer": {"text": "the Odawa usually identify as Nishnaabe", "answer_start": 1171}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Odawa tribe come from?", "answer": {"text": "Odaawaa (syncoped as Daawaa, is believed to be derived from the Anishinaabe word adaawe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21477d51790d46c3a5d383a420ebee61_1_q#2", "question": "Did they come from anywhere specific?", "rewrite": "Did the Odawa tribe come from anywhere specific?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Proponents of trail tree lore believe that a widespread cultural practice among northeastern and southeastern groups of indigenous peoples of the Americas placed sign posts in the North American wilderness by intentionally bending and securing selected saplings to force deformed growth oriented to indicate directions to resources or along trails. Each manipulated sapling was intended to survive, to grow large and to retain its shape becoming part of an extensive land and water navigational system designed to help them find their way in wild landscapes throughout forested areas of North America. This navigational system is presumed to have been already in place before the arrival of the first Europeans. Trail marker trees provided a form of land and water navigation originating from Native American tribes throughout North America. Trail marker trees designated areas of significant importance to Native Americans including council circles and gathering points. A well defined council circle, the Greensky Council Trees still exists to this day shaped by the Odawa tribe in 1830 and is located in Northern Michigan. They altered the trees in traditional Odawa fashion to mark the location: to honor this location that had been and would continue to be sacred to their people. Each of these trees takes a sharp bend away from the center of the circle at a height of eight feet and then turns up again; a dramatic and elegant designation. The first report of trail marker trees, in what is now the State of Illinois, appeared in a document called \"Map of Ouilmette Reservation with its Indian Reminders dated 1828\u20131844. \" This map shows actual drawings and locations of existing trail marker trees. Even after the indigenous population was removed in the 1830s by the \"Indian Removal Act\", pioneers in this area kept the knowledge of the trail marker trees alive by direct contact with many Northwest Territory tribes. At the beginning of the 1900s, articles, books, special events, and installation of bronze plaques at known Indian trail tree sites began to appear.", "Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined. This area around the Manistee River was long occupied by bands of Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) before European colonization. French fur traders visited the villages during the historic period. In 1836 the Ottawas were assigned a reservation along the Manistee River by a treaty with the United States government which was part of the tribe's historic range. The treaty provided reservation lands for five years and provisions to move tribal members west beyond the Missouri River, however a new treaty was ratified in 1855. The new treaty provided the tribe with a reservation that included Custer and Eden townships in Mason County and Crystal and Elbridge townships in Oceana County. Part of that land came back under tribal ownership in August 2000 when the Little River Band bought about 740 acres in Mason County. The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is one of 567 federally recognized tribes of Native Americans in the United States. On September 21, 1994, the tribal status of the Little River Band (along with that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians) was reaffirmed by the federal government when President Bill Clinton signed Senate Bill 1357 into law.", "Members of the confederacy were ultimately removed to the present-day Oklahoma, including the Shawnee, Delaware (also called Lenape), Miami, and Kickapoo. The area of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma was used to resettle the Iowa tribe, Sac and Fox, Absentee Shawnee, Potawatomi, and Kickapoo tribes. The Council of Three Fires is an alliance of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. In the Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1829, the tribes of the Council of Three Fires ceded to the United States their lands in Illinois Michigan and Wisconsin. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago forced the members of the Council of Three Fires to move first to present-day Iowa, then to Kansas and Nebraska, and ultimately to Oklahoma. The Illinois Potawatomi moved to present-day Nebraska and the Indiana Potawatomi moved to present-day Osawatomie, Kansas, an event known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death. The group settling in Nebraska adapted to the Plains Indian culture but the group settling in Kansas remained steadfast to their woodlands culture. In 1867 part of the Kansas group negotiated the \"Treaty of Washington with the Potawatomi\" in which the Kansas Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation split and part of their land in Kansas was sold, purchasing land near present-day Shawnee, Oklahoma, they became the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. The Odawa tribe first purchased lands near Ottawa, Kansas, residing there until 1867 when they sold their lands in Kansas and purchased land in an area administered by the Quapaw Indian Agency in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, becoming the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma.", "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Odawa. A large percentage of the more than 4000 tribal members continue to reside within the tribe's traditional homelands on the northwestern shores of the state of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The historically delineated reservation area, located at , encompasses approximately of land in Charlevoix and Emmet counties. The largest communities within the reservation boundaries are Harbor Springs (formerly known as \"L'arbre Croche\" in the French colonial era), where the tribal offices are located; Petoskey, where the Tribe operates the Odawa Casino Resort; and Charlevoix. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan, who total more than 9,000 people. The others are the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. The name Odawa, or Ottawa, is said to derive from the Anishnaabe term for \"trader. \" On one European record, it was mistakenly associated with an Odawa phrase meaning \"people of the bulrush,\" which applied to only one band along the Ottawa River. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa tribal members are descendants of, and legally recognized political successors to, the Ottawa of L'Arbre Croche, who were signatory parties to the 1836 Treaty of Washington and one of the three 1855 Treaties of Detroit. The treaties ratified the Odawa cession to the United States of approximately 37% of Michigan's current land area in exchange for money, reservations, and other benefits.", "Odawa Casino Resort Odawa Casino Resort is a Northern Michigan casino resort. Located in Resort Township near Petoskey, Michigan, the casino opened for business on June 20, 2007. It is owned and operated by the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. The resort replaced Victories Casino in 2007, which had served as the tribe's casino until the new resort was opened. In addition to gaming, Odawa Casino Resort features multiple restaurants and retail outlets, a concert venue (Ovation Hall), a nightclub (The O Zone Nightclub), and a circular lounge bar in the middle of the gaming floor (Rendezvous). The resort also includes a AAA Diamond rated Hotel. Full shuttle transportation is available to all resort guests. Odawa Casino Resort is open to guests of all ages, however, the casino's gaming floor and the O Zone Nightclub are restricted to those of age 21 and older. Starting in 2011, the minimum gaming age at Odawa Casino Resort has been approved to be lowered to 19 years old. The gaming floor is approximately and offers approximately 1200 slot machines in addition to 36 table games. Table games include blackjack, Count's Kustoms Bonus Blackjack, poker, roulette, craps, three card poker, Let it Ride, and Flushes Gone Wild. Over 100 high-definition televisions are scattered throughout the property. The televisions show promotions, live contests, and DirecTV satellite broadcasts. Major sporting events are commonly displayed. The poker room currently includes 4 tables. Bingo was offered in 2009, but is not currently operating. Odawa Casino Resort is open 24 hours a day. Ovation Hall is a concert venue located at Odawa Casino Resort. The hall can seat up to 1,000 people and hosts concerts, trade shows, and large conferences. Bill Cosby performed two shows at the grand opening celebration."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Odawa tribe come from?", "answer": {"text": "Odaawaa (syncoped as Daawaa, is believed to be derived from the Anishinaabe word adaawe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they identify with any one?", "answer": {"text": "the Odawa usually identify as Nishnaabe", "answer_start": 1171, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21477d51790d46c3a5d383a420ebee61_1_q#3", "question": "How many people live in the Odawa tribe?", "rewrite": "How many people live in the Odawa tribe?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Members of the confederacy were ultimately removed to the present-day Oklahoma, including the Shawnee, Delaware (also called Lenape), Miami, and Kickapoo. The area of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma was used to resettle the Iowa tribe, Sac and Fox, Absentee Shawnee, Potawatomi, and Kickapoo tribes. The Council of Three Fires is an alliance of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. In the Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1829, the tribes of the Council of Three Fires ceded to the United States their lands in Illinois Michigan and Wisconsin. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago forced the members of the Council of Three Fires to move first to present-day Iowa, then to Kansas and Nebraska, and ultimately to Oklahoma. The Illinois Potawatomi moved to present-day Nebraska and the Indiana Potawatomi moved to present-day Osawatomie, Kansas, an event known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death. The group settling in Nebraska adapted to the Plains Indian culture but the group settling in Kansas remained steadfast to their woodlands culture. In 1867 part of the Kansas group negotiated the \"Treaty of Washington with the Potawatomi\" in which the Kansas Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation split and part of their land in Kansas was sold, purchasing land near present-day Shawnee, Oklahoma, they became the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. The Odawa tribe first purchased lands near Ottawa, Kansas, residing there until 1867 when they sold their lands in Kansas and purchased land in an area administered by the Quapaw Indian Agency in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, becoming the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma.", "Odawa Casino Resort Odawa Casino Resort is a Northern Michigan casino resort. Located in Resort Township near Petoskey, Michigan, the casino opened for business on June 20, 2007. It is owned and operated by the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. The resort replaced Victories Casino in 2007, which had served as the tribe's casino until the new resort was opened. In addition to gaming, Odawa Casino Resort features multiple restaurants and retail outlets, a concert venue (Ovation Hall), a nightclub (The O Zone Nightclub), and a circular lounge bar in the middle of the gaming floor (Rendezvous). The resort also includes a AAA Diamond rated Hotel. Full shuttle transportation is available to all resort guests. Odawa Casino Resort is open to guests of all ages, however, the casino's gaming floor and the O Zone Nightclub are restricted to those of age 21 and older. Starting in 2011, the minimum gaming age at Odawa Casino Resort has been approved to be lowered to 19 years old. The gaming floor is approximately and offers approximately 1200 slot machines in addition to 36 table games. Table games include blackjack, Count's Kustoms Bonus Blackjack, poker, roulette, craps, three card poker, Let it Ride, and Flushes Gone Wild. Over 100 high-definition televisions are scattered throughout the property. The televisions show promotions, live contests, and DirecTV satellite broadcasts. Major sporting events are commonly displayed. The poker room currently includes 4 tables. Bingo was offered in 2009, but is not currently operating. Odawa Casino Resort is open 24 hours a day. Ovation Hall is a concert venue located at Odawa Casino Resort. The hall can seat up to 1,000 people and hosts concerts, trade shows, and large conferences. Bill Cosby performed two shows at the grand opening celebration.", "Proponents of trail tree lore believe that a widespread cultural practice among northeastern and southeastern groups of indigenous peoples of the Americas placed sign posts in the North American wilderness by intentionally bending and securing selected saplings to force deformed growth oriented to indicate directions to resources or along trails. Each manipulated sapling was intended to survive, to grow large and to retain its shape becoming part of an extensive land and water navigational system designed to help them find their way in wild landscapes throughout forested areas of North America. This navigational system is presumed to have been already in place before the arrival of the first Europeans. Trail marker trees provided a form of land and water navigation originating from Native American tribes throughout North America. Trail marker trees designated areas of significant importance to Native Americans including council circles and gathering points. A well defined council circle, the Greensky Council Trees still exists to this day shaped by the Odawa tribe in 1830 and is located in Northern Michigan. They altered the trees in traditional Odawa fashion to mark the location: to honor this location that had been and would continue to be sacred to their people. Each of these trees takes a sharp bend away from the center of the circle at a height of eight feet and then turns up again; a dramatic and elegant designation. The first report of trail marker trees, in what is now the State of Illinois, appeared in a document called \"Map of Ouilmette Reservation with its Indian Reminders dated 1828\u20131844. \" This map shows actual drawings and locations of existing trail marker trees. Even after the indigenous population was removed in the 1830s by the \"Indian Removal Act\", pioneers in this area kept the knowledge of the trail marker trees alive by direct contact with many Northwest Territory tribes. At the beginning of the 1900s, articles, books, special events, and installation of bronze plaques at known Indian trail tree sites began to appear.", "Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined. This area around the Manistee River was long occupied by bands of Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) before European colonization. French fur traders visited the villages during the historic period. In 1836 the Ottawas were assigned a reservation along the Manistee River by a treaty with the United States government which was part of the tribe's historic range. The treaty provided reservation lands for five years and provisions to move tribal members west beyond the Missouri River, however a new treaty was ratified in 1855. The new treaty provided the tribe with a reservation that included Custer and Eden townships in Mason County and Crystal and Elbridge townships in Oceana County. Part of that land came back under tribal ownership in August 2000 when the Little River Band bought about 740 acres in Mason County. The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is one of 567 federally recognized tribes of Native Americans in the United States. On September 21, 1994, the tribal status of the Little River Band (along with that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians) was reaffirmed by the federal government when President Bill Clinton signed Senate Bill 1357 into law.", "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Odawa. A large percentage of the more than 4000 tribal members continue to reside within the tribe's traditional homelands on the northwestern shores of the state of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The historically delineated reservation area, located at , encompasses approximately of land in Charlevoix and Emmet counties. The largest communities within the reservation boundaries are Harbor Springs (formerly known as \"L'arbre Croche\" in the French colonial era), where the tribal offices are located; Petoskey, where the Tribe operates the Odawa Casino Resort; and Charlevoix. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan, who total more than 9,000 people. The others are the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. The name Odawa, or Ottawa, is said to derive from the Anishnaabe term for \"trader. \" On one European record, it was mistakenly associated with an Odawa phrase meaning \"people of the bulrush,\" which applied to only one band along the Ottawa River. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa tribal members are descendants of, and legally recognized political successors to, the Ottawa of L'Arbre Croche, who were signatory parties to the 1836 Treaty of Washington and one of the three 1855 Treaties of Detroit. The treaties ratified the Odawa cession to the United States of approximately 37% of Michigan's current land area in exchange for money, reservations, and other benefits."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Odawa tribe come from?", "answer": {"text": "Odaawaa (syncoped as Daawaa, is believed to be derived from the Anishinaabe word adaawe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they identify with any one?", "answer": {"text": "the Odawa usually identify as Nishnaabe", "answer_start": 1171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they come from anywhere specific?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21477d51790d46c3a5d383a420ebee61_1_q#4", "question": "Was there a Odawa tribe in the US?", "rewrite": "Was there a Odawa tribe in the US?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Odawa. A large percentage of the more than 4000 tribal members continue to reside within the tribe's traditional homelands on the northwestern shores of the state of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The historically delineated reservation area, located at , encompasses approximately of land in Charlevoix and Emmet counties. The largest communities within the reservation boundaries are Harbor Springs (formerly known as \"L'arbre Croche\" in the French colonial era), where the tribal offices are located; Petoskey, where the Tribe operates the Odawa Casino Resort; and Charlevoix. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan, who total more than 9,000 people. The others are the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. The name Odawa, or Ottawa, is said to derive from the Anishnaabe term for \"trader. \" On one European record, it was mistakenly associated with an Odawa phrase meaning \"people of the bulrush,\" which applied to only one band along the Ottawa River. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa tribal members are descendants of, and legally recognized political successors to, the Ottawa of L'Arbre Croche, who were signatory parties to the 1836 Treaty of Washington and one of the three 1855 Treaties of Detroit. The treaties ratified the Odawa cession to the United States of approximately 37% of Michigan's current land area in exchange for money, reservations, and other benefits.", "Proponents of trail tree lore believe that a widespread cultural practice among northeastern and southeastern groups of indigenous peoples of the Americas placed sign posts in the North American wilderness by intentionally bending and securing selected saplings to force deformed growth oriented to indicate directions to resources or along trails. Each manipulated sapling was intended to survive, to grow large and to retain its shape becoming part of an extensive land and water navigational system designed to help them find their way in wild landscapes throughout forested areas of North America. This navigational system is presumed to have been already in place before the arrival of the first Europeans. Trail marker trees provided a form of land and water navigation originating from Native American tribes throughout North America. Trail marker trees designated areas of significant importance to Native Americans including council circles and gathering points. A well defined council circle, the Greensky Council Trees still exists to this day shaped by the Odawa tribe in 1830 and is located in Northern Michigan. They altered the trees in traditional Odawa fashion to mark the location: to honor this location that had been and would continue to be sacred to their people. Each of these trees takes a sharp bend away from the center of the circle at a height of eight feet and then turns up again; a dramatic and elegant designation. The first report of trail marker trees, in what is now the State of Illinois, appeared in a document called \"Map of Ouilmette Reservation with its Indian Reminders dated 1828\u20131844. \" This map shows actual drawings and locations of existing trail marker trees. Even after the indigenous population was removed in the 1830s by the \"Indian Removal Act\", pioneers in this area kept the knowledge of the trail marker trees alive by direct contact with many Northwest Territory tribes. At the beginning of the 1900s, articles, books, special events, and installation of bronze plaques at known Indian trail tree sites began to appear.", "Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined. This area around the Manistee River was long occupied by bands of Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) before European colonization. French fur traders visited the villages during the historic period. In 1836 the Ottawas were assigned a reservation along the Manistee River by a treaty with the United States government which was part of the tribe's historic range. The treaty provided reservation lands for five years and provisions to move tribal members west beyond the Missouri River, however a new treaty was ratified in 1855. The new treaty provided the tribe with a reservation that included Custer and Eden townships in Mason County and Crystal and Elbridge townships in Oceana County. Part of that land came back under tribal ownership in August 2000 when the Little River Band bought about 740 acres in Mason County. The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is one of 567 federally recognized tribes of Native Americans in the United States. On September 21, 1994, the tribal status of the Little River Band (along with that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians) was reaffirmed by the federal government when President Bill Clinton signed Senate Bill 1357 into law.", "Odawa Casino Resort Odawa Casino Resort is a Northern Michigan casino resort. Located in Resort Township near Petoskey, Michigan, the casino opened for business on June 20, 2007. It is owned and operated by the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. The resort replaced Victories Casino in 2007, which had served as the tribe's casino until the new resort was opened. In addition to gaming, Odawa Casino Resort features multiple restaurants and retail outlets, a concert venue (Ovation Hall), a nightclub (The O Zone Nightclub), and a circular lounge bar in the middle of the gaming floor (Rendezvous). The resort also includes a AAA Diamond rated Hotel. Full shuttle transportation is available to all resort guests. Odawa Casino Resort is open to guests of all ages, however, the casino's gaming floor and the O Zone Nightclub are restricted to those of age 21 and older. Starting in 2011, the minimum gaming age at Odawa Casino Resort has been approved to be lowered to 19 years old. The gaming floor is approximately and offers approximately 1200 slot machines in addition to 36 table games. Table games include blackjack, Count's Kustoms Bonus Blackjack, poker, roulette, craps, three card poker, Let it Ride, and Flushes Gone Wild. Over 100 high-definition televisions are scattered throughout the property. The televisions show promotions, live contests, and DirecTV satellite broadcasts. Major sporting events are commonly displayed. The poker room currently includes 4 tables. Bingo was offered in 2009, but is not currently operating. Odawa Casino Resort is open 24 hours a day. Ovation Hall is a concert venue located at Odawa Casino Resort. The hall can seat up to 1,000 people and hosts concerts, trade shows, and large conferences. Bill Cosby performed two shows at the grand opening celebration.", "Members of the confederacy were ultimately removed to the present-day Oklahoma, including the Shawnee, Delaware (also called Lenape), Miami, and Kickapoo. The area of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma was used to resettle the Iowa tribe, Sac and Fox, Absentee Shawnee, Potawatomi, and Kickapoo tribes. The Council of Three Fires is an alliance of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. In the Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1829, the tribes of the Council of Three Fires ceded to the United States their lands in Illinois Michigan and Wisconsin. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago forced the members of the Council of Three Fires to move first to present-day Iowa, then to Kansas and Nebraska, and ultimately to Oklahoma. The Illinois Potawatomi moved to present-day Nebraska and the Indiana Potawatomi moved to present-day Osawatomie, Kansas, an event known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death. The group settling in Nebraska adapted to the Plains Indian culture but the group settling in Kansas remained steadfast to their woodlands culture. In 1867 part of the Kansas group negotiated the \"Treaty of Washington with the Potawatomi\" in which the Kansas Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation split and part of their land in Kansas was sold, purchasing land near present-day Shawnee, Oklahoma, they became the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. The Odawa tribe first purchased lands near Ottawa, Kansas, residing there until 1867 when they sold their lands in Kansas and purchased land in an area administered by the Quapaw Indian Agency in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, becoming the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma."], "answer": {"text": "in Ohio.", "answer_start": 371}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Odawa tribe come from?", "answer": {"text": "Odaawaa (syncoped as Daawaa, is believed to be derived from the Anishinaabe word adaawe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they identify with any one?", "answer": {"text": "the Odawa usually identify as Nishnaabe", "answer_start": 1171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they come from anywhere specific?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many people live in the Odawa tribe?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21477d51790d46c3a5d383a420ebee61_1_q#5", "question": "How many are there in the tribe?", "rewrite": "How many are there in the Odawa tribe?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of the Odawa people in the United States. It is based in Manistee and Mason counties in northwest Michigan. It was recognized on September 21, 1994. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan. The others are the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians and the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. They historically spoke the Odawa language, a dialect of Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe), but use of this language has declined. This area around the Manistee River was long occupied by bands of Ottawa and Chippewa (Ojibwe) before European colonization. French fur traders visited the villages during the historic period. In 1836 the Ottawas were assigned a reservation along the Manistee River by a treaty with the United States government which was part of the tribe's historic range. The treaty provided reservation lands for five years and provisions to move tribal members west beyond the Missouri River, however a new treaty was ratified in 1855. The new treaty provided the tribe with a reservation that included Custer and Eden townships in Mason County and Crystal and Elbridge townships in Oceana County. Part of that land came back under tribal ownership in August 2000 when the Little River Band bought about 740 acres in Mason County. The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians is one of 567 federally recognized tribes of Native Americans in the United States. On September 21, 1994, the tribal status of the Little River Band (along with that of the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians) was reaffirmed by the federal government when President Bill Clinton signed Senate Bill 1357 into law.", "Odawa Casino Resort Odawa Casino Resort is a Northern Michigan casino resort. Located in Resort Township near Petoskey, Michigan, the casino opened for business on June 20, 2007. It is owned and operated by the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians. The resort replaced Victories Casino in 2007, which had served as the tribe's casino until the new resort was opened. In addition to gaming, Odawa Casino Resort features multiple restaurants and retail outlets, a concert venue (Ovation Hall), a nightclub (The O Zone Nightclub), and a circular lounge bar in the middle of the gaming floor (Rendezvous). The resort also includes a AAA Diamond rated Hotel. Full shuttle transportation is available to all resort guests. Odawa Casino Resort is open to guests of all ages, however, the casino's gaming floor and the O Zone Nightclub are restricted to those of age 21 and older. Starting in 2011, the minimum gaming age at Odawa Casino Resort has been approved to be lowered to 19 years old. The gaming floor is approximately and offers approximately 1200 slot machines in addition to 36 table games. Table games include blackjack, Count's Kustoms Bonus Blackjack, poker, roulette, craps, three card poker, Let it Ride, and Flushes Gone Wild. Over 100 high-definition televisions are scattered throughout the property. The televisions show promotions, live contests, and DirecTV satellite broadcasts. Major sporting events are commonly displayed. The poker room currently includes 4 tables. Bingo was offered in 2009, but is not currently operating. Odawa Casino Resort is open 24 hours a day. Ovation Hall is a concert venue located at Odawa Casino Resort. The hall can seat up to 1,000 people and hosts concerts, trade shows, and large conferences. Bill Cosby performed two shows at the grand opening celebration.", "Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Odawa. A large percentage of the more than 4000 tribal members continue to reside within the tribe's traditional homelands on the northwestern shores of the state of Michigan's Lower Peninsula. The historically delineated reservation area, located at , encompasses approximately of land in Charlevoix and Emmet counties. The largest communities within the reservation boundaries are Harbor Springs (formerly known as \"L'arbre Croche\" in the French colonial era), where the tribal offices are located; Petoskey, where the Tribe operates the Odawa Casino Resort; and Charlevoix. It is one of three federally recognized tribes of Odawa people in Michigan, who total more than 9,000 people. The others are the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians and the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. Other bands with federal status include the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma and several First Nations in Ontario, Canada. The name Odawa, or Ottawa, is said to derive from the Anishnaabe term for \"trader. \" On one European record, it was mistakenly associated with an Odawa phrase meaning \"people of the bulrush,\" which applied to only one band along the Ottawa River. Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa tribal members are descendants of, and legally recognized political successors to, the Ottawa of L'Arbre Croche, who were signatory parties to the 1836 Treaty of Washington and one of the three 1855 Treaties of Detroit. The treaties ratified the Odawa cession to the United States of approximately 37% of Michigan's current land area in exchange for money, reservations, and other benefits.", "Proponents of trail tree lore believe that a widespread cultural practice among northeastern and southeastern groups of indigenous peoples of the Americas placed sign posts in the North American wilderness by intentionally bending and securing selected saplings to force deformed growth oriented to indicate directions to resources or along trails. Each manipulated sapling was intended to survive, to grow large and to retain its shape becoming part of an extensive land and water navigational system designed to help them find their way in wild landscapes throughout forested areas of North America. This navigational system is presumed to have been already in place before the arrival of the first Europeans. Trail marker trees provided a form of land and water navigation originating from Native American tribes throughout North America. Trail marker trees designated areas of significant importance to Native Americans including council circles and gathering points. A well defined council circle, the Greensky Council Trees still exists to this day shaped by the Odawa tribe in 1830 and is located in Northern Michigan. They altered the trees in traditional Odawa fashion to mark the location: to honor this location that had been and would continue to be sacred to their people. Each of these trees takes a sharp bend away from the center of the circle at a height of eight feet and then turns up again; a dramatic and elegant designation. The first report of trail marker trees, in what is now the State of Illinois, appeared in a document called \"Map of Ouilmette Reservation with its Indian Reminders dated 1828\u20131844. \" This map shows actual drawings and locations of existing trail marker trees. Even after the indigenous population was removed in the 1830s by the \"Indian Removal Act\", pioneers in this area kept the knowledge of the trail marker trees alive by direct contact with many Northwest Territory tribes. At the beginning of the 1900s, articles, books, special events, and installation of bronze plaques at known Indian trail tree sites began to appear.", "Members of the confederacy were ultimately removed to the present-day Oklahoma, including the Shawnee, Delaware (also called Lenape), Miami, and Kickapoo. The area of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma was used to resettle the Iowa tribe, Sac and Fox, Absentee Shawnee, Potawatomi, and Kickapoo tribes. The Council of Three Fires is an alliance of the Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. In the Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien in 1829, the tribes of the Council of Three Fires ceded to the United States their lands in Illinois Michigan and Wisconsin. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago forced the members of the Council of Three Fires to move first to present-day Iowa, then to Kansas and Nebraska, and ultimately to Oklahoma. The Illinois Potawatomi moved to present-day Nebraska and the Indiana Potawatomi moved to present-day Osawatomie, Kansas, an event known as the Potawatomi Trail of Death. The group settling in Nebraska adapted to the Plains Indian culture but the group settling in Kansas remained steadfast to their woodlands culture. In 1867 part of the Kansas group negotiated the \"Treaty of Washington with the Potawatomi\" in which the Kansas Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation split and part of their land in Kansas was sold, purchasing land near present-day Shawnee, Oklahoma, they became the Citizen Potawatomi Nation. The Odawa tribe first purchased lands near Ottawa, Kansas, residing there until 1867 when they sold their lands in Kansas and purchased land in an area administered by the Quapaw Indian Agency in Ottawa County, Oklahoma, becoming the Ottawa Tribe of Oklahoma."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Odawa tribe come from?", "answer": {"text": "Odaawaa (syncoped as Daawaa, is believed to be derived from the Anishinaabe word adaawe,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they identify with any one?", "answer": {"text": "the Odawa usually identify as Nishnaabe", "answer_start": 1171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they come from anywhere specific?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many people live in the Odawa tribe?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a Odawa tribe in the US?", "answer": {"text": "in Ohio.", "answer_start": 371, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c06e21a5c7d44dbbdd4ecb7fcb2ff39_0_q#0", "question": "What happened during Wambach's 2003 season?", "rewrite": "What happened during Wambach's 2003 season?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of international goals scored by Abby Wambach Abby Wambach is a retired professional soccer player who competed as a forward for the United States women's national soccer team from 2001 to 2015. In 255 appearances for the senior national team, she scored 184 goals and, , holds the world record for goals scored at the international level by both female and male soccer players. The previous record holder was Mia Hamm who scored 158 international goals during her career, also for the United States. Wambach broke Hamm's record on June 20, 2013, as she completed a hat trick against South Korea, in a friendly match at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey. Wambach scored her first international goal in the seventh minute of a friendly against Finland on April 27, 2002, in her second game for the national team. She scored her first international hat trick during a friendly against Scotland leading the national team to an 8\u20132 win in her fourth appearance for the team. Her first international goal scored during a competitive match occurred on November 2, 2002, during the national team's 9\u20130 win over Panama in the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup. During her first FIFA Women's World Cup tournament, she scored three goals in six games. Wambach completed her international career having scored a total of 14 goals in her 25 World Cup match appearances, placing second on the all-time World Cup scoring list behind Marta. Known for scoring goals with diving headers, one of her more notable goals occurred in the 122nd minute of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup quarterfinal match against Brazil from a last-minute cross from midfielder Megan Rapinoe. Wambach scored the equalizer in stoppage time and the Americans defeated Brazil in a penalty shootout. The team eventually progressed to the World Cup final against Japan.", "After missing the preseason because of national team commitments, she made her debut on April 14, 2013 during the team's season opener against Sky Blue FC. During the team's second regular season match against the Washington Spirit in Boyds, Maryland, Wambach was struck hard in the face from close range on an attempted clearance by her teammate, Brittany Taylor, in the 80th minute of the match. She dropped to the ground and appeared disoriented after standing up. Though she continued playing to finish the match and even attempted to score a goal with her head, she dropped to the ground after the final whistle and was described by Spirit goalkeeper, Ashlyn Harris as dazed and mumbling. Wambach was assessed after the game for concussion. US Soccer announced several days later that she had suffered a concussion and acknowledged that the injury should have been handled differently by the referee, coaching staff, and players. Wambach sat out the next game as a precautionary health measure. She made her home debut for the Flash on May 1 and scored the match-winning goal in the 20th minute to defeat Sky Blue 2-1. It was the team's first league win and lifted them to a three-way tie for third place in the league. Wambach was named Week 5 NWSL Player of the Week after scoring both goals in the Flash's 2-1 victory over FC Kansas City. She became the first player in the league to win the award twice after scoring a goal and serving an assist during the Flash's 3-0 win over Sky Blue FC during Week 9. Wambach announced on March 18, 2015, that she was sitting out the entire 2015 NWSL season in order to focus on the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "During the 2003 season, Wambach tied with Freedom teammate, Mia Hamm for the league's scoring lead with 33 points. Her contributions in Washington helped to propel the Freedom to a victory in the Founders Cup III, where Wambach was named the MVP. During the seventh minute of regulation time, she scored the second-fastest goal in Founders Cup history after she headed the ball into the lower left side of the net past Beat goalkeeper and national team teammate, Brianna Scurry. She scored the game-winning goal in the sixth minute of overtime off a cross from Jenny Meier, leading the Freedom to defeat the Atlanta Beat 2-1 during the championship match. Five days before the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup, the first World Cup that Wambach would play in, the WUSA folded citing financial difficulties and a lack of sponsorship.", "After the WUSA suspended operations in 2003, Wambach trained with the national team in preparation for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. During the U.S.'s first two matches in Athens, she played a direct role in four of the five goals that the team scored resulting in wins over Greece and Brazil. During the team's first group stage match against Greece on August 11, 2004, Wambach scored during the 30th minute to elevate the Americans to a 2-0 lead. She received her first yellow card of the tournament in the 49th minute. Mia Hamm followed with a goal in the 82nd minute for a final score of 3-0. The U.S. faced Brazil during their second match of the tournament on August 14. Wambach received her second yellow card of the tournament in the 49th minute, giving her an automatic suspension for the final group stage match against Australia. After Hamm scored on a penalty kick in the 58th minute, Wambach sealed the win with a goal in the 77th. After moving on to the quarterfinals after a 1-1 tie against Australia in the final group stage match, the Americans faced Japan on August 20. Wambach's goal in the 59th minute lifted the Americans to a 2-1 victory. After defeating Germany in overtime during the semi-final, the U.S. faced Brazil for a second time in the Olympic final. Wambach's 10-yard header in the 112th minute off a corner kick from Kristine Lilly gave the U.S. a 2-1 victory and the gold medal win. Her last-minute goal was hailed as one of the five biggest goals in U.S. women's national team history by ESPN in 2011. Wambach finished the tournament with four goals and one assist.", "During the 2003 season, Wambach tied with Freedom teammate, Mia Hamm for the league's scoring lead with 33 points. Her contributions in Washington helped to propel the Freedom to a victory in the Founders Cup III, where Wambach was named the MVP. During the seventh minute of regulation time, she scored the second-fastest goal in Founders Cup history after she headed the ball into the lower left side of the net past Beat goalkeeper and national team teammate, Brianna Scurry. She scored the game-winning goal in the sixth minute of overtime off a cross from Jenny Meier, leading the Freedom to defeat the Atlanta Beat 2-1 during the championship match. Five days before the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup, the first World Cup that Wambach would play in, the WUSA folded citing financial difficulties and a lack of sponsorship. In 2008, a new professional league was announced for women in the United States: Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). During the 2008 WPS Player Allocation in which twenty-one players from the United States national team player pool were assigned to the seven teams in the new league, Wambach was assigned to the Washington Freedom. She was voted WPS Player of the Week for the week of April 26 (Week 5) after scoring two goals in the Washington Freedom's 4-3 victory over the FC Gold Pride, the Freedom's first victory in the new league. During the Freedom's next game on May 3, 2009, she received a yellow card for a tackle on St. Louis Athletica midfielder Daniela that left Daniela with two damaged knee ligaments and a crack in the tibia and sidelined her for the rest of the season. Wambach was suspended for one game after the challenge was reviewed by the league commissioner."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7c06e21a5c7d44dbbdd4ecb7fcb2ff39_0_q#1", "question": "why was it difficult to get through the 2002 season?", "rewrite": "Why was the 2002 season difficult for Abby Wambach?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Huffman was traded with a player to be named later to the Portland Thorns for Courtney Wetzel, Kathryn Williamson, and a first-round pick in the 2015 NWSL College Draft. That pick later became Jaelene Hinkle. Huffman had earlier decided to live in Portland in the house she bought with her spouse Abby Wambach, who will play 2014 with Western New York Flash. April 7, 2014, Portland Thorns revealed that the player to be named later was Ver\u00f3nica Boquete. November 18, 2014 Huffman announced her retirement from professional soccer. Huffman was a member of the U-16, U-17, U-19, U-21, and U-23 United States women's national soccer teams. She helped her team win the 2002 FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship and won the Nordic Cup with the U-21s in 2004, 2005, and 2007. In 2010, she was called to play with the United States women's national soccer team. Huffman is a volunteer assistant coach at her alma mater, University of Virginia. Huffman resides in Portland, Oregon. Her nickname is \"Huffy.\" Huffman came out as gay in a statement on the Athlete Ally website supporting equality in sports. On October 5, 2013, she married her longtime girlfriend, Abby Wambach, in Hawaii. In September 2016, in a new autobiography, Wambach announced that she and Huffman are divorcing. Their divorce was finalized in 2016.", "List of international goals scored by Abby Wambach Abby Wambach is a retired professional soccer player who competed as a forward for the United States women's national soccer team from 2001 to 2015. In 255 appearances for the senior national team, she scored 184 goals and, , holds the world record for goals scored at the international level by both female and male soccer players. The previous record holder was Mia Hamm who scored 158 international goals during her career, also for the United States. Wambach broke Hamm's record on June 20, 2013, as she completed a hat trick against South Korea, in a friendly match at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey. Wambach scored her first international goal in the seventh minute of a friendly against Finland on April 27, 2002, in her second game for the national team. She scored her first international hat trick during a friendly against Scotland leading the national team to an 8\u20132 win in her fourth appearance for the team. Her first international goal scored during a competitive match occurred on November 2, 2002, during the national team's 9\u20130 win over Panama in the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup. During her first FIFA Women's World Cup tournament, she scored three goals in six games. Wambach completed her international career having scored a total of 14 goals in her 25 World Cup match appearances, placing second on the all-time World Cup scoring list behind Marta. Known for scoring goals with diving headers, one of her more notable goals occurred in the 122nd minute of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup quarterfinal match against Brazil from a last-minute cross from midfielder Megan Rapinoe. Wambach scored the equalizer in stoppage time and the Americans defeated Brazil in a penalty shootout. The team eventually progressed to the World Cup final against Japan.", "Cristiane took the ball to the USA's corner and stood on it, wanting to waste the clock. USA captain Christie Rampone pressured her to pass and the ball was intercepted by Ali Krieger. Krieger passed to Lloyd who dribbled upfield and drew several Brazilian players, leaving Megan Rapinoe open on the wing. Lloyd passed to Rapinoe who hugged the sideline. Just past the midstripe, Rapinoe hammered a left-footed (she's dominantly right-footed) 45 yard cross to the Brazilian back post where Abby Wambach was crashing. It was the 122nd minute, and Abby scored on her signature header. The goal was called the \"Header Heard Round the World\" and it tied the game 2\u20132. It has been voted the greatest goal in US soccer history and the greatest goal in women's world cup history. Commentator Ian Darke shouted, \"OH DO YOU BELIEVE THIS?! ABBY WAMBACH HAS JUST SAVED THE USA'S LIFE IN THIS WORLD CUP! \" and later, \"Brazil is denied at the death! \" All of the USA's penalty kick takers \u2013 Shannon Box, Carli Lloyd, Abby Wambach, Megan Rapinoe, and Ali Krieger \u2013 converted their PKs. Hope Solo saved Daiane's attempt at a PK, allowing the US to win 5\u20133 in PKs. Solo was named MVP of the match. Coincidentally, the USA-Brazil match (nicknamed the \"Miracle in Dresden\") was played on the 12th anniversary of the memorable 1999 World Cup Final (described above), which the US also won on penalty kicks. Brianna Scurry and Hope Solo", "Official allocation results for all three federations were announced on January 14, 2015, reducing the total number of allocated players to 42 (down from 50 in 2014 and 55 in 2013). Allocated players will play the first 3-4 NWSL games of the 2015 season before missing 7-8 games due to the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. Abby Wambach announced on March 18 she would not play for Western New York nor the NWSL in order to focus on the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. On March 30 Western New York traded Wambach, Amber Brooks, and their 2016 first round draft pick to Seattle for Sydney Leroux and Amanda Frisbie. After the Women's World Cup, many allocated players announced or discussed their plans to retire from national and club football. Shannon Boxx did not finished the season NWSL season with her club; Lauren Holiday and Karina LeBlanc did. Abby Wambach, who passed on the entire 2015 season, officially announced her retirement the day the USWNT visited the White House as part of their 2015 World Cup victory celebrations. During the offseason, several trades took place to move allocated players, with Chicago and WNY swapping Whitney Engen and Adriana Leon for Chicago to further trade with Boston, swapping Engen for Alyssa Naeher. WNY also sent Sydney Leroux to Kansas City after it was announced that Amy Rodriguez would miss the 2016 season to have her second child. Finally, several allocated players swapped teams as part of the expansion of the Orlando Pride into the league. Portland sent Alex Morgan and Kaylyn Kyle to Orlando as part of a trade that included them receiving Meghan Klingenberg from Orlando after Orlando selected Klingenberg (and Orlando native Ashlyn Harris) in the 2015 NWSL Expansion Draft.", "Chastain dropped to her knees and whipped off her shirt, celebrating in her sports bra, which later made the cover of \"Sports Illustrated\" and the front pages of newspapers around the country and world. This win influenced many girls to want to play on a soccer team. In the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup, the U.S. defeated Norway 1\u20130 in the quarterfinals, but lost 0\u20133 to Germany in the semifinals. The team then defeated Canada 3\u20131 to claim third place. Abby Wambach was the team's top scorer with three goals, while Joy Fawcett and Shannon Boxx made the tournament's all-star team. At the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, the U.S. defeated England 3\u20130 in the quarterfinals but then suffered its most lopsided loss in team history when it lost to Brazil 0\u20134 in the semifinals. The U.S. recovered to defeat Norway to take third place. Abby Wambach was the team's leading scorer with 6 goals, and Kristine Lilly was the only American named to the tournament's all-star team. The team earned gold medals in both the 2004 and 2008 Olympics, but interest in the Women's National Team had diminished since their performance in the '99 World Cup. However, the second women's professional league was created in March of 2009, Women's Professional Soccer. In the quarterfinal of the 2011 Women's World Cup in Germany, the U.S. defeated Brazil 5\u20133 on penalty kicks. Abby Wambach's goal in the 122nd minute to tie the game 2\u20132 has been voted the greatest goal in U.S. soccer history and the greatest goal in Women's World Cup history."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during Wambach's 2003 season?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c06e21a5c7d44dbbdd4ecb7fcb2ff39_0_q#2", "question": "what team was wambach a part of?", "rewrite": "what team was wambach a part of?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of international goals scored by Abby Wambach Abby Wambach is a retired professional soccer player who competed as a forward for the United States women's national soccer team from 2001 to 2015. In 255 appearances for the senior national team, she scored 184 goals and, , holds the world record for goals scored at the international level by both female and male soccer players. The previous record holder was Mia Hamm who scored 158 international goals during her career, also for the United States. Wambach broke Hamm's record on June 20, 2013, as she completed a hat trick against South Korea, in a friendly match at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey. Wambach scored her first international goal in the seventh minute of a friendly against Finland on April 27, 2002, in her second game for the national team. She scored her first international hat trick during a friendly against Scotland leading the national team to an 8\u20132 win in her fourth appearance for the team. Her first international goal scored during a competitive match occurred on November 2, 2002, during the national team's 9\u20130 win over Panama in the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup. During her first FIFA Women's World Cup tournament, she scored three goals in six games. Wambach completed her international career having scored a total of 14 goals in her 25 World Cup match appearances, placing second on the all-time World Cup scoring list behind Marta. Known for scoring goals with diving headers, one of her more notable goals occurred in the 122nd minute of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup quarterfinal match against Brazil from a last-minute cross from midfielder Megan Rapinoe. Wambach scored the equalizer in stoppage time and the Americans defeated Brazil in a penalty shootout. The team eventually progressed to the World Cup final against Japan.", "After the WUSA suspended operations in 2003, Wambach trained with the national team in preparation for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. During the U.S.'s first two matches in Athens, she played a direct role in four of the five goals that the team scored resulting in wins over Greece and Brazil. During the team's first group stage match against Greece on August 11, 2004, Wambach scored during the 30th minute to elevate the Americans to a 2-0 lead. She received her first yellow card of the tournament in the 49th minute. Mia Hamm followed with a goal in the 82nd minute for a final score of 3-0. The U.S. faced Brazil during their second match of the tournament on August 14. Wambach received her second yellow card of the tournament in the 49th minute, giving her an automatic suspension for the final group stage match against Australia. After Hamm scored on a penalty kick in the 58th minute, Wambach sealed the win with a goal in the 77th. After moving on to the quarterfinals after a 1-1 tie against Australia in the final group stage match, the Americans faced Japan on August 20. Wambach's goal in the 59th minute lifted the Americans to a 2-1 victory. After defeating Germany in overtime during the semi-final, the U.S. faced Brazil for a second time in the Olympic final. Wambach's 10-yard header in the 112th minute off a corner kick from Kristine Lilly gave the U.S. a 2-1 victory and the gold medal win. Her last-minute goal was hailed as one of the five biggest goals in U.S. women's national team history by ESPN in 2011. Wambach finished the tournament with four goals and one assist.", "List of United States women's national soccer team hat-tricks The United States women's national soccer team played their first international soccer match on August 18, 1985, losing to Italy 1\u20130 at the 1985 Mundialito. Since that first match, 25 U.S. international players have scored a hat-trick (three goals or more in a game). The first player to accomplish the feat was Carin Jennings, who had three goals against Japan on June 1, 1988. Eight players have scored five goals in a game: Michelle Akers, Brandi Chastain, Crystal Dunn, Sydney Leroux, Tiffany Milbrett, Alex Morgan, Amy Rodriguez, and Abby Wambach. Four-goal performances have been achieved by seven players; Wambach and Mia Hamm each did so twice. Multiple American players scored three goals or more in the same match on June 2, 2000, against Canada (Milbrett and Cindy Parlow); September 8, 2002, against Scotland (Hamm and Wambach); January 20, 2012, against the Dominican Republic (Rodriguez and Heather O'Reilly; and December 18, 2014, against Argentina (Carli Lloyd and Christen Press). The record for the most international hat-tricks by a U.S. women's national team player is 10, by Hamm; she scored three goals in a match eight times, along with her two four-goal games. Lloyd, Parlow, and Wambach are tied for second with eight hat-tricks. Along with her one four-goal match, Parlow scored three goals on seven occasions. Wambach had three-goal efforts in five games, in addition to her three matches with four or five goals. Lloyd's eighth career hat-trick came at the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship in a 5\u20130 win over Panama.", "Wambach won the WPS Player of the Week award for the week of July 28 (Week 18) for scoring two goals against the Chicago Red Stars and Sky Blue FC and for the week of Aug 11 (Week 20) for scoring two goals and having one assist against Sky Blue. She ended the 2009 season with eight goals more than any other American player in the WPS and was named to the 2010 WPS All-Star Team. Wambach returned to the Washington Freedom for the 2010 WPS season, winning the WPS Player of the Week award in week 2 for scoring one goal and serving two assists against the Atlanta Beat. She was the top overall vote-getter in WPS All-Star voting, making her one of two captains for the 2010 WPS All-Star Game. Wambach received 100% of the media's and coaches' votes and received the most fans' votes-with 31%. In 2011, the Freedom relocated to Boca Raton, Florida and became the magicJack under new ownership. On July 22, 2011, Wambach was named the player-coach for the magicJack for the rest of the 2011 WPS season. She was named WPS Player of the Week for the seventh time in August 2011. On October 26, 2011, the Women's Professional Soccer League Governors voted to terminate the magicJack franchise. The league suspended operations in early 2012. In 2012, a new professional women's soccer league was announced in the U.S. that featured allocated players from the American, Mexican, and Canadian national teams. On January 11, 2013, Wambach was allocated to the National Women's Soccer League club, Western New York Flash, in her hometown of Rochester, New York, as part of the NWSL Player Allocation.", "After missing the preseason because of national team commitments, she made her debut on April 14, 2013 during the team's season opener against Sky Blue FC. During the team's second regular season match against the Washington Spirit in Boyds, Maryland, Wambach was struck hard in the face from close range on an attempted clearance by her teammate, Brittany Taylor, in the 80th minute of the match. She dropped to the ground and appeared disoriented after standing up. Though she continued playing to finish the match and even attempted to score a goal with her head, she dropped to the ground after the final whistle and was described by Spirit goalkeeper, Ashlyn Harris as dazed and mumbling. Wambach was assessed after the game for concussion. US Soccer announced several days later that she had suffered a concussion and acknowledged that the injury should have been handled differently by the referee, coaching staff, and players. Wambach sat out the next game as a precautionary health measure. She made her home debut for the Flash on May 1 and scored the match-winning goal in the 20th minute to defeat Sky Blue 2-1. It was the team's first league win and lifted them to a three-way tie for third place in the league. Wambach was named Week 5 NWSL Player of the Week after scoring both goals in the Flash's 2-1 victory over FC Kansas City. She became the first player in the league to win the award twice after scoring a goal and serving an assist during the Flash's 3-0 win over Sky Blue FC during Week 9. Wambach announced on March 18, 2015, that she was sitting out the entire 2015 NWSL season in order to focus on the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup."], "answer": {"text": "Washington Freedom", "answer_start": 311}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during Wambach's 2003 season?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was it difficult to get through the 2002 season?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c06e21a5c7d44dbbdd4ecb7fcb2ff39_0_q#3", "question": "did she ever score any winning goals?", "rewrite": "Did Wambach ever score any winning goals?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2008, a new professional league was announced for women in the United States: Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). During the 2008 WPS Player Allocation in which twenty-one players from the United States national team player pool were assigned to the seven teams in the new league, Wambach was assigned to the Washington Freedom. She was voted WPS Player of the Week for the week of April 26 (Week 5) after scoring two goals in the Washington Freedom's 4-3 victory over the FC Gold Pride, the Freedom's first victory in the new league. During the Freedom's next game on May 3, 2009, she received a yellow card for a tackle on St. Louis Athletica midfielder Daniela that left Daniela with two damaged knee ligaments and a crack in the tibia and sidelined her for the rest of the season. Wambach was suspended for one game after the challenge was reviewed by the league commissioner. Wambach won the WPS Player of the Week award for the week of July 28 (Week 18) for scoring two goals against the Chicago Red Stars and Sky Blue FC and for the week of Aug 11 (Week 20) for scoring two goals and having one assist against Sky Blue. She ended the 2009 season with eight goals more than any other American player in the WPS and was named to the 2010 WPS All-Star Team. Wambach returned to the Washington Freedom for the 2010 WPS season, winning the WPS Player of the Week award in week 2 for scoring one goal and serving two assists against the Atlanta Beat. She was the top overall vote-getter in WPS All-Star voting, making her one of two captains for the 2010 WPS All-Star Game. Wambach received 100% of the media's and coaches' votes and received the most fans' votes-with 31%.", "After the WUSA suspended operations in 2003, Wambach trained with the national team in preparation for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. During the U.S.'s first two matches in Athens, she played a direct role in four of the five goals that the team scored resulting in wins over Greece and Brazil. During the team's first group stage match against Greece on August 11, 2004, Wambach scored during the 30th minute to elevate the Americans to a 2-0 lead. She received her first yellow card of the tournament in the 49th minute. Mia Hamm followed with a goal in the 82nd minute for a final score of 3-0. The U.S. faced Brazil during their second match of the tournament on August 14. Wambach received her second yellow card of the tournament in the 49th minute, giving her an automatic suspension for the final group stage match against Australia. After Hamm scored on a penalty kick in the 58th minute, Wambach sealed the win with a goal in the 77th. After moving on to the quarterfinals after a 1-1 tie against Australia in the final group stage match, the Americans faced Japan on August 20. Wambach's goal in the 59th minute lifted the Americans to a 2-1 victory. After defeating Germany in overtime during the semi-final, the U.S. faced Brazil for a second time in the Olympic final. Wambach's 10-yard header in the 112th minute off a corner kick from Kristine Lilly gave the U.S. a 2-1 victory and the gold medal win. Her last-minute goal was hailed as one of the five biggest goals in U.S. women's national team history by ESPN in 2011. Wambach finished the tournament with four goals and one assist.", "List of international goals scored by Abby Wambach Abby Wambach is a retired professional soccer player who competed as a forward for the United States women's national soccer team from 2001 to 2015. In 255 appearances for the senior national team, she scored 184 goals and, , holds the world record for goals scored at the international level by both female and male soccer players. The previous record holder was Mia Hamm who scored 158 international goals during her career, also for the United States. Wambach broke Hamm's record on June 20, 2013, as she completed a hat trick against South Korea, in a friendly match at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey. Wambach scored her first international goal in the seventh minute of a friendly against Finland on April 27, 2002, in her second game for the national team. She scored her first international hat trick during a friendly against Scotland leading the national team to an 8\u20132 win in her fourth appearance for the team. Her first international goal scored during a competitive match occurred on November 2, 2002, during the national team's 9\u20130 win over Panama in the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup. During her first FIFA Women's World Cup tournament, she scored three goals in six games. Wambach completed her international career having scored a total of 14 goals in her 25 World Cup match appearances, placing second on the all-time World Cup scoring list behind Marta. Known for scoring goals with diving headers, one of her more notable goals occurred in the 122nd minute of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup quarterfinal match against Brazil from a last-minute cross from midfielder Megan Rapinoe. Wambach scored the equalizer in stoppage time and the Americans defeated Brazil in a penalty shootout. The team eventually progressed to the World Cup final against Japan.", "List of United States women's national soccer team hat-tricks The United States women's national soccer team played their first international soccer match on August 18, 1985, losing to Italy 1\u20130 at the 1985 Mundialito. Since that first match, 25 U.S. international players have scored a hat-trick (three goals or more in a game). The first player to accomplish the feat was Carin Jennings, who had three goals against Japan on June 1, 1988. Eight players have scored five goals in a game: Michelle Akers, Brandi Chastain, Crystal Dunn, Sydney Leroux, Tiffany Milbrett, Alex Morgan, Amy Rodriguez, and Abby Wambach. Four-goal performances have been achieved by seven players; Wambach and Mia Hamm each did so twice. Multiple American players scored three goals or more in the same match on June 2, 2000, against Canada (Milbrett and Cindy Parlow); September 8, 2002, against Scotland (Hamm and Wambach); January 20, 2012, against the Dominican Republic (Rodriguez and Heather O'Reilly; and December 18, 2014, against Argentina (Carli Lloyd and Christen Press). The record for the most international hat-tricks by a U.S. women's national team player is 10, by Hamm; she scored three goals in a match eight times, along with her two four-goal games. Lloyd, Parlow, and Wambach are tied for second with eight hat-tricks. Along with her one four-goal match, Parlow scored three goals on seven occasions. Wambach had three-goal efforts in five games, in addition to her three matches with four or five goals. Lloyd's eighth career hat-trick came at the 2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship in a 5\u20130 win over Panama.", "Wambach won the WPS Player of the Week award for the week of July 28 (Week 18) for scoring two goals against the Chicago Red Stars and Sky Blue FC and for the week of Aug 11 (Week 20) for scoring two goals and having one assist against Sky Blue. She ended the 2009 season with eight goals more than any other American player in the WPS and was named to the 2010 WPS All-Star Team. Wambach returned to the Washington Freedom for the 2010 WPS season, winning the WPS Player of the Week award in week 2 for scoring one goal and serving two assists against the Atlanta Beat. She was the top overall vote-getter in WPS All-Star voting, making her one of two captains for the 2010 WPS All-Star Game. Wambach received 100% of the media's and coaches' votes and received the most fans' votes-with 31%. In 2011, the Freedom relocated to Boca Raton, Florida and became the magicJack under new ownership. On July 22, 2011, Wambach was named the player-coach for the magicJack for the rest of the 2011 WPS season. She was named WPS Player of the Week for the seventh time in August 2011. On October 26, 2011, the Women's Professional Soccer League Governors voted to terminate the magicJack franchise. The league suspended operations in early 2012. In 2012, a new professional women's soccer league was announced in the U.S. that featured allocated players from the American, Mexican, and Canadian national teams. On January 11, 2013, Wambach was allocated to the National Women's Soccer League club, Western New York Flash, in her hometown of Rochester, New York, as part of the NWSL Player Allocation."], "answer": {"text": "She ended the 2009 season with eight goals more than any other American player in the WPS and was named to the 2010 WPS All-Star Team.", "answer_start": 1129}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during Wambach's 2003 season?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was it difficult to get through the 2002 season?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what team was wambach a part of?", "answer": {"text": "Washington Freedom", "answer_start": 311, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7c06e21a5c7d44dbbdd4ecb7fcb2ff39_0_q#4", "question": "did they make it to the play offs with Hamms return?", "rewrite": "Did Washington Freedom make get to the playoffs when Wambach returned?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2008, a new professional league was announced for women in the United States: Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). During the 2008 WPS Player Allocation in which twenty-one players from the United States national team player pool were assigned to the seven teams in the new league, Wambach was assigned to the Washington Freedom. She was voted WPS Player of the Week for the week of April 26 (Week 5) after scoring two goals in the Washington Freedom's 4-3 victory over the FC Gold Pride, the Freedom's first victory in the new league. During the Freedom's next game on May 3, 2009, she received a yellow card for a tackle on St. Louis Athletica midfielder Daniela that left Daniela with two damaged knee ligaments and a crack in the tibia and sidelined her for the rest of the season. Wambach was suspended for one game after the challenge was reviewed by the league commissioner. Wambach won the WPS Player of the Week award for the week of July 28 (Week 18) for scoring two goals against the Chicago Red Stars and Sky Blue FC and for the week of Aug 11 (Week 20) for scoring two goals and having one assist against Sky Blue. She ended the 2009 season with eight goals more than any other American player in the WPS and was named to the 2010 WPS All-Star Team. Wambach returned to the Washington Freedom for the 2010 WPS season, winning the WPS Player of the Week award in week 2 for scoring one goal and serving two assists against the Atlanta Beat. She was the top overall vote-getter in WPS All-Star voting, making her one of two captains for the 2010 WPS All-Star Game. Wambach received 100% of the media's and coaches' votes and received the most fans' votes-with 31%.", "In 2002, Wambach was selected second during the first round of the 2002 WUSA Draft by the Washington Freedom for the second season of the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA). After tying with the Carolina Courage for last place during the previous season, the Freedom hoped to turn things around in 2002. With Mia Hamm out for the first half of the season for knee surgery and recovery, the Freedom found themselves in sixth place. After Hamm's return, the team finished the remainder of the season 9-1-2, finishing third with a berth into the playoffs. Of the team's turnaround, Wambach noted, \"Early on in the season it was difficult to get everyone on the same page. Mia was out, we had just started playing with the Chinese players, Steffi hadn't come yet. There were so many factors that went into us not playing as well. Since people have returned, and we have been able to grasp what exactly one another was doing out there, it's been easier to get results.\" During the semifinals, the Freedom upset the Philadelphia Charge 1-0. During the final against the Carolina Courage, the Freedom lost in front of 12,000 spectators at Herndon Stadium in Atlanta. Wambach assisted on Hamm's 64th-minute goal, the team's second goal, after the Courage's Danielle Fotopoulos scored an own goal in the 31st minute; however, it was not enough to equalize Carolina's three goals. After leading all first-year players in the league in scoring, Wambach was named WUSA Rookie of the Year in 2002. She was Washington's leading scorer with ten goals and ten assists and finished tied for fourth for scoring in the WUSA.", "Wambach won the WPS Player of the Week award for the week of July 28 (Week 18) for scoring two goals against the Chicago Red Stars and Sky Blue FC and for the week of Aug 11 (Week 20) for scoring two goals and having one assist against Sky Blue. She ended the 2009 season with eight goals more than any other American player in the WPS and was named to the 2010 WPS All-Star Team. Wambach returned to the Washington Freedom for the 2010 WPS season, winning the WPS Player of the Week award in week 2 for scoring one goal and serving two assists against the Atlanta Beat. She was the top overall vote-getter in WPS All-Star voting, making her one of two captains for the 2010 WPS All-Star Game. Wambach received 100% of the media's and coaches' votes and received the most fans' votes-with 31%. In 2011, the Freedom relocated to Boca Raton, Florida and became the magicJack under new ownership. On July 22, 2011, Wambach was named the player-coach for the magicJack for the rest of the 2011 WPS season. She was named WPS Player of the Week for the seventh time in August 2011. On October 26, 2011, the Women's Professional Soccer League Governors voted to terminate the magicJack franchise. The league suspended operations in early 2012. In 2012, a new professional women's soccer league was announced in the U.S. that featured allocated players from the American, Mexican, and Canadian national teams. On January 11, 2013, Wambach was allocated to the National Women's Soccer League club, Western New York Flash, in her hometown of Rochester, New York, as part of the NWSL Player Allocation.", "In 2002, Wambach was selected second during the first round of the 2002 WUSA Draft by the Washington Freedom for the second season of the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA). After tying with the Carolina Courage for last place during the previous season, the Freedom hoped to turn things around in 2002. With Mia Hamm out for the first half of the season for knee surgery and recovery, the Freedom found themselves in sixth place. After Hamm's return, the team finished the remainder of the season 9-1-2, finishing third with a berth into the playoffs. Of the team's turnaround, Wambach noted, \"Early on in the season it was difficult to get everyone on the same page. Mia was out, we had just started playing with the Chinese players, Steffi hadn't come yet. There were so many factors that went into us not playing as well. Since people have returned, and we have been able to grasp what exactly one another was doing out there, it's been easier to get results.\" During the semifinals, the Freedom upset the Philadelphia Charge 1-0. During the final against the Carolina Courage, the Freedom lost in front of 12,000 spectators at Herndon Stadium in Atlanta. Wambach assisted on Hamm's 64th-minute goal, the team's second goal, after the Courage's Danielle Fotopoulos scored an own goal in the 31st minute; however, it was not enough to equalize Carolina's three goals. After leading all first-year players in the league in scoring, Wambach was named WUSA Rookie of the Year in 2002. She was Washington's leading scorer with ten goals and ten assists and finished tied for fourth for scoring in the WUSA.", "During the 2003 season, Wambach tied with Freedom teammate, Mia Hamm for the league's scoring lead with 33 points. Her contributions in Washington helped to propel the Freedom to a victory in the Founders Cup III, where Wambach was named the MVP. During the seventh minute of regulation time, she scored the second-fastest goal in Founders Cup history after she headed the ball into the lower left side of the net past Beat goalkeeper and national team teammate, Brianna Scurry. She scored the game-winning goal in the sixth minute of overtime off a cross from Jenny Meier, leading the Freedom to defeat the Atlanta Beat 2-1 during the championship match. Five days before the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup, the first World Cup that Wambach would play in, the WUSA folded citing financial difficulties and a lack of sponsorship. In 2008, a new professional league was announced for women in the United States: Women's Professional Soccer (WPS). During the 2008 WPS Player Allocation in which twenty-one players from the United States national team player pool were assigned to the seven teams in the new league, Wambach was assigned to the Washington Freedom. She was voted WPS Player of the Week for the week of April 26 (Week 5) after scoring two goals in the Washington Freedom's 4-3 victory over the FC Gold Pride, the Freedom's first victory in the new league. During the Freedom's next game on May 3, 2009, she received a yellow card for a tackle on St. Louis Athletica midfielder Daniela that left Daniela with two damaged knee ligaments and a crack in the tibia and sidelined her for the rest of the season. Wambach was suspended for one game after the challenge was reviewed by the league commissioner."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened during Wambach's 2003 season?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why was it difficult to get through the 2002 season?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what team was wambach a part of?", "answer": {"text": "Washington Freedom", "answer_start": 311, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever score any winning goals?", "answer": {"text": "She ended the 2009 season with eight goals more than any other American player in the WPS and was named to the 2010 WPS All-Star Team.", "answer_start": 1129, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0ec01441278346ff8d827bbc079dc1d0_1_q#0", "question": "When was Walter Hagen born?", "rewrite": "When was Walter Hagen born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1919 U.S. Open (golf) The 1919 U.S. Open was the 23rd U.S. Open, held June 9\u201312 at Brae Burn Country Club in West Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb west of Boston. In the first U.S. Open since 1916, Walter Hagen defeated Mike Brady by one stroke in an 18-hole playoff to win his second and final U.S. Open. It was the second of Hagen's eleven major titles. The championship was not held in 1917 and 1918 due to the First World War. Charles Hoffner, age 22, opened the tournament with a 72 to take the first round lead, but he fell off the pace with a 78 in the second round. Mike Brady carded consecutive rounds of 74 to take the 36-hole lead by two over Hoffner, with Walter Hagen in a group three back. Brady shot 73 in the third round and opened up a commanding five-shot lead over Hagen. In the final round, he stumbled to an 80 for 301 total, allowing Hagen back into the championship. Hagen had a 10-footer (3 m) to win at the 18th, but his putt lipped out. In the playoff the next day, Hagen carried a two-stroke lead to the 17th but then bogeyed to see his lead cut to one. But both players made par on the 18th, giving Hagen the title. Hagen's victory in the playoff came after he partied with entertainer Al Jolson all night before showing up to play. This was the first U.S. Open to be played over three days, with the first and second rounds played on the first two days and the third and final rounds played on the last day (Wednesday).", "Hagen was a dashing and assertive character who raised the status of professional golfers and improved their earnings as well. Throughout his career, he played hundreds of exhibition matches, all across the United States and around the world; these tours popularized golf to an immense degree. Hagen was also widely known for his dashing wardrobe while playing; this featured expensive tailored clothes in bright colors and plush fabrics. As one of the world's top players, Hagen found his skills were much in demand with this exhibition format, and concluded it was much more lucrative than playing most tournaments. Hagen also made significant money endorsing golf equipment, and played a major role in helping to design clubs for Wilson Sports, which bore his name (either \"Walter Hagen\" or \"Haig Ultra\"). His work with Wilson produced some of the first matched sets of irons, around the same time that his great rival Bobby Jones was performing similar work for the Spalding company. The improved equipment expanded golf's appeal, brought high-quality clubs within the price range of many more players, and raised the standard of play. Hagen may have been the first sportsman to earn a million dollars in his career. He once stated that he \"never wanted to be a millionaire, just to live like one\". Hagen once expressed his creed in these words: \"Don't hurry, don't worry, you're only here for a short visit, so be sure to smell the flowers along the way.\" Gene Sarazen, who was ten years Hagen's junior commented, \"All the professionals ... should say a silent thanks to Walter Hagen each time they stretch a check between their fingers. It was Walter who made professional golf what it is.\"", "1928 Open Championship The 1928 Open Championship was the 63rd Open Championship, held 9\u201311 May at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Walter Hagen won the third of his four Open Championship titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Gene Sarazen. It was his second triumph at Royal St George's, the site of his first Open win in 1922. It was the tenth of his eleven major titles; his second Open victory came in 1924 at Royal Liverpool. For this year and the next, the Open was played earlier than usual, in early May, and Hagen won both. Qualifying was held on 7\u20138 May, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at St George's and 18 holes at Prince's, and the top 100 and ties qualified. Jos\u00e9 Jurado led the qualifiers on 144, which included four Bradbeer brothers: James, Bob, Ernest, and Fred. The qualifying score was 162 and 113 players qualified. Two-time defending champion Bobby Jones decided not to make the trip across the Atlantic this year, meaning all eyes were on other American stars. Two weeks prior, Walter Hagen played a match against Archie Compston and lost badly, 18 & 17. Realizing he needed practice, Hagen resolved to skip the parties for which he had become famous and concentrate on his game. On Wednesday, Bill Mehlhorn opened with 71 to take the lead, with Sarazen a stroke behind. Mehlhorn had a poor 78 on the second day and Jos\u00e9 Jurado took over the lead on 145. \u00ab \u00bb Hagen and Sarazen were second on 148 with Mehlhorn and Archie Compston on 149. To make the cut, players would need to be within 14 strokes of the leader after 36 holes; it was at 159 and 52 players advanced.", "Eventually, at Hagen's request, 10 players competed for each team. Samuel Ryder (together with his brother James) had sponsored a number of British professional events starting in 1923. The match resulted in 13\u20131 victory for the British team (1 match was halved). The American point was won by Bill Mehlhorn with Emmet French being all square. Medals were presented to the players by the American ambassador Alanson B. Houghton. The match was widely reported as being for the \"Ryder Cup\". However \"Golf Illustrated\" for 11 June states that because of uncertainty following the general strike in May, which led to uncertainty about how many Americans would be visiting Britain, Samuel Ryder had decided to withhold the cup for a year. It has also been suggested that because Walter Hagen chose the American team rather than the American PGA, that only those Americans who had travelled to Britain to play in the Open were available for selection and that it contained a number of players born outside the United States, also contributed to the feeling that the match ought to be regarded as unofficial. In addition the Americans \"had only just landed in England and were not yet in full practice.\" The British team was: Ted Ray (Captain), Aubrey Boomer, Archie Compston, George Duncan, George Gadd, Arthur Havers, Herbert Jolly, Abe Mitchell, Fred Robson and Ernest Whitcombe. The American team was: Walter Hagen (Captain), Tommy Armour, Jim Barnes, Emmet French, Joe Kirkwood, Fred McLeod, Bill Mehlhorn, Joe Stein, Cyril Walker and Al Watrous. While all ten of the British players subsequently played in the Ryder Cup only three of the Americans did (Hagen, Mehlhorn and Watrous).", "Macfarlane won the 13th with a birdie 2 and the 16th with a 3, winning the match by halving the 17th. Walter Hagen beat J. J. O'Brien 10&9. Hagen took a early 2 hole lead but O'Brien levelled the match at the 7th. Hagen then won 9 of the next 11 holes to be 9 up after the morning round. In the last match Jock Hutchison beat Cyril Walker 4&3. Hutchison was 2 up after the first round and was dormie 5 after 13 holes of the afternoon. Walker won the 14th but a half at the 15th gave the match of Hutchison. The semi-finals saw the defeat of the last two remaining qualifiers from the Metropolitican section, Willie Macfarlane and Walter Hagen. Jim Barnes met Willie Macfarlane in the first semi-final. Barnes took an early lead and was 3 up after 5 holes. Macfarlane won the next two holes but Barnes extended the lead to 4 holes at the end of the morning round. Barnes then won the first two holes in the afternoon, to lead by 6 holes and he eventually won the match 6&5. Jock Hutchison and Walter Hagen met in the other semi-final. Hutchison took an early lead, being two up after 9 holes. Hagen won the 10th, 11th and 13th and led by one hole after the first round. Hagen was still one up after 11 holes in the afternoon but played poorly at the 12th and 13th, Hutchison taking the lead in the match. Hagen made a birdie 3 at the 14th hole to level the match but lost the 16th after a bogey 5. At the 17th Hagen had a putt to level the match but missed it. Needing to win the final hole Hagen put his second shot into a ditch and later conceded the hole."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0ec01441278346ff8d827bbc079dc1d0_1_q#1", "question": "where was he born?", "rewrite": "Where was Walter Hagen born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eventually, at Hagen's request, 10 players competed for each team. Samuel Ryder (together with his brother James) had sponsored a number of British professional events starting in 1923. The match resulted in 13\u20131 victory for the British team (1 match was halved). The American point was won by Bill Mehlhorn with Emmet French being all square. Medals were presented to the players by the American ambassador Alanson B. Houghton. The match was widely reported as being for the \"Ryder Cup\". However \"Golf Illustrated\" for 11 June states that because of uncertainty following the general strike in May, which led to uncertainty about how many Americans would be visiting Britain, Samuel Ryder had decided to withhold the cup for a year. It has also been suggested that because Walter Hagen chose the American team rather than the American PGA, that only those Americans who had travelled to Britain to play in the Open were available for selection and that it contained a number of players born outside the United States, also contributed to the feeling that the match ought to be regarded as unofficial. In addition the Americans \"had only just landed in England and were not yet in full practice.\" The British team was: Ted Ray (Captain), Aubrey Boomer, Archie Compston, George Duncan, George Gadd, Arthur Havers, Herbert Jolly, Abe Mitchell, Fred Robson and Ernest Whitcombe. The American team was: Walter Hagen (Captain), Tommy Armour, Jim Barnes, Emmet French, Joe Kirkwood, Fred McLeod, Bill Mehlhorn, Joe Stein, Cyril Walker and Al Watrous. While all ten of the British players subsequently played in the Ryder Cup only three of the Americans did (Hagen, Mehlhorn and Watrous).", "Hagen was a dashing and assertive character who raised the status of professional golfers and improved their earnings as well. Throughout his career, he played hundreds of exhibition matches, all across the United States and around the world; these tours popularized golf to an immense degree. Hagen was also widely known for his dashing wardrobe while playing; this featured expensive tailored clothes in bright colors and plush fabrics. As one of the world's top players, Hagen found his skills were much in demand with this exhibition format, and concluded it was much more lucrative than playing most tournaments. Hagen also made significant money endorsing golf equipment, and played a major role in helping to design clubs for Wilson Sports, which bore his name (either \"Walter Hagen\" or \"Haig Ultra\"). His work with Wilson produced some of the first matched sets of irons, around the same time that his great rival Bobby Jones was performing similar work for the Spalding company. The improved equipment expanded golf's appeal, brought high-quality clubs within the price range of many more players, and raised the standard of play. Hagen may have been the first sportsman to earn a million dollars in his career. He once stated that he \"never wanted to be a millionaire, just to live like one\". Hagen once expressed his creed in these words: \"Don't hurry, don't worry, you're only here for a short visit, so be sure to smell the flowers along the way.\" Gene Sarazen, who was ten years Hagen's junior commented, \"All the professionals ... should say a silent thanks to Walter Hagen each time they stretch a check between their fingers. It was Walter who made professional golf what it is.\"", "1919 U.S. Open (golf) The 1919 U.S. Open was the 23rd U.S. Open, held June 9\u201312 at Brae Burn Country Club in West Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb west of Boston. In the first U.S. Open since 1916, Walter Hagen defeated Mike Brady by one stroke in an 18-hole playoff to win his second and final U.S. Open. It was the second of Hagen's eleven major titles. The championship was not held in 1917 and 1918 due to the First World War. Charles Hoffner, age 22, opened the tournament with a 72 to take the first round lead, but he fell off the pace with a 78 in the second round. Mike Brady carded consecutive rounds of 74 to take the 36-hole lead by two over Hoffner, with Walter Hagen in a group three back. Brady shot 73 in the third round and opened up a commanding five-shot lead over Hagen. In the final round, he stumbled to an 80 for 301 total, allowing Hagen back into the championship. Hagen had a 10-footer (3 m) to win at the 18th, but his putt lipped out. In the playoff the next day, Hagen carried a two-stroke lead to the 17th but then bogeyed to see his lead cut to one. But both players made par on the 18th, giving Hagen the title. Hagen's victory in the playoff came after he partied with entertainer Al Jolson all night before showing up to play. This was the first U.S. Open to be played over three days, with the first and second rounds played on the first two days and the third and final rounds played on the last day (Wednesday).", "Macfarlane won the 13th with a birdie 2 and the 16th with a 3, winning the match by halving the 17th. Walter Hagen beat J. J. O'Brien 10&9. Hagen took a early 2 hole lead but O'Brien levelled the match at the 7th. Hagen then won 9 of the next 11 holes to be 9 up after the morning round. In the last match Jock Hutchison beat Cyril Walker 4&3. Hutchison was 2 up after the first round and was dormie 5 after 13 holes of the afternoon. Walker won the 14th but a half at the 15th gave the match of Hutchison. The semi-finals saw the defeat of the last two remaining qualifiers from the Metropolitican section, Willie Macfarlane and Walter Hagen. Jim Barnes met Willie Macfarlane in the first semi-final. Barnes took an early lead and was 3 up after 5 holes. Macfarlane won the next two holes but Barnes extended the lead to 4 holes at the end of the morning round. Barnes then won the first two holes in the afternoon, to lead by 6 holes and he eventually won the match 6&5. Jock Hutchison and Walter Hagen met in the other semi-final. Hutchison took an early lead, being two up after 9 holes. Hagen won the 10th, 11th and 13th and led by one hole after the first round. Hagen was still one up after 11 holes in the afternoon but played poorly at the 12th and 13th, Hutchison taking the lead in the match. Hagen made a birdie 3 at the 14th hole to level the match but lost the 16th after a bogey 5. At the 17th Hagen had a putt to level the match but missed it. Needing to win the final hole Hagen put his second shot into a ditch and later conceded the hole.", "1928 Open Championship The 1928 Open Championship was the 63rd Open Championship, held 9\u201311 May at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Walter Hagen won the third of his four Open Championship titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Gene Sarazen. It was his second triumph at Royal St George's, the site of his first Open win in 1922. It was the tenth of his eleven major titles; his second Open victory came in 1924 at Royal Liverpool. For this year and the next, the Open was played earlier than usual, in early May, and Hagen won both. Qualifying was held on 7\u20138 May, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at St George's and 18 holes at Prince's, and the top 100 and ties qualified. Jos\u00e9 Jurado led the qualifiers on 144, which included four Bradbeer brothers: James, Bob, Ernest, and Fred. The qualifying score was 162 and 113 players qualified. Two-time defending champion Bobby Jones decided not to make the trip across the Atlantic this year, meaning all eyes were on other American stars. Two weeks prior, Walter Hagen played a match against Archie Compston and lost badly, 18 & 17. Realizing he needed practice, Hagen resolved to skip the parties for which he had become famous and concentrate on his game. On Wednesday, Bill Mehlhorn opened with 71 to take the lead, with Sarazen a stroke behind. Mehlhorn had a poor 78 on the second day and Jos\u00e9 Jurado took over the lead on 145. \u00ab \u00bb Hagen and Sarazen were second on 148 with Mehlhorn and Archie Compston on 149. To make the cut, players would need to be within 14 strokes of the leader after 36 holes; it was at 159 and 52 players advanced."], "answer": {"text": "Rochester, New York,", "answer_start": 8}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Walter Hagen born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0ec01441278346ff8d827bbc079dc1d0_1_q#2", "question": "who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Walter Hagen's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["J. J. O'Brien (golfer)  John James O'Brien (February 16, 1888 \u2013 April 6, 1928) was an American professional golfer. His best year was 1916 when he was in the top 10 in the U.S. Open and he reached the quarter-finals of the inaugural PGA Championship. In the 1914 U.S. Open, O'Brien was tied for fourth place after the first day, just 4 strokes behind Walter Hagen. Two disappointing rounds on the final day left him tied for 13th place, 12 strokes behind Hagen. In June 1916, O'Brien finished tied for 9th place in the U.S. Open, despite a final round of 76. In August, he finished tied for 6th place behind Walter Hagen in the Western Open and then in September he qualified for the final stage of the inaugural PGA Championship, finishing 4th in the qualifying of the Middle West section at the Glen View Club, with 7 places available. The championship was played at Siwanoy Country Club in mid-October. O'Brien won his first two matches before losing 10 & 9 to Hagen in the quarter-finals. O'Brien died in April 1928. He had been suffering from the effects of pneumonia for three years. For a number of years he had been running an indoor golf facility in East Liberty (Pittsburgh). \"Note: O'Brien never played in The Open Championship.\" NYF = tournament not yet founded<br> NT = no tournament<br> WD = withdrew<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut< br> R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play \"T\" indicates a tie for a place", "Hagen was a dashing and assertive character who raised the status of professional golfers and improved their earnings as well. Throughout his career, he played hundreds of exhibition matches, all across the United States and around the world; these tours popularized golf to an immense degree. Hagen was also widely known for his dashing wardrobe while playing; this featured expensive tailored clothes in bright colors and plush fabrics. As one of the world's top players, Hagen found his skills were much in demand with this exhibition format, and concluded it was much more lucrative than playing most tournaments. Hagen also made significant money endorsing golf equipment, and played a major role in helping to design clubs for Wilson Sports, which bore his name (either \"Walter Hagen\" or \"Haig Ultra\"). His work with Wilson produced some of the first matched sets of irons, around the same time that his great rival Bobby Jones was performing similar work for the Spalding company. The improved equipment expanded golf's appeal, brought high-quality clubs within the price range of many more players, and raised the standard of play. Hagen may have been the first sportsman to earn a million dollars in his career. He once stated that he \"never wanted to be a millionaire, just to live like one\". Hagen once expressed his creed in these words: \"Don't hurry, don't worry, you're only here for a short visit, so be sure to smell the flowers along the way.\" Gene Sarazen, who was ten years Hagen's junior commented, \"All the professionals ... should say a silent thanks to Walter Hagen each time they stretch a check between their fingers. It was Walter who made professional golf what it is.\"", "1928 Open Championship The 1928 Open Championship was the 63rd Open Championship, held 9\u201311 May at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Walter Hagen won the third of his four Open Championship titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Gene Sarazen. It was his second triumph at Royal St George's, the site of his first Open win in 1922. It was the tenth of his eleven major titles; his second Open victory came in 1924 at Royal Liverpool. For this year and the next, the Open was played earlier than usual, in early May, and Hagen won both. Qualifying was held on 7\u20138 May, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at St George's and 18 holes at Prince's, and the top 100 and ties qualified. Jos\u00e9 Jurado led the qualifiers on 144, which included four Bradbeer brothers: James, Bob, Ernest, and Fred. The qualifying score was 162 and 113 players qualified. Two-time defending champion Bobby Jones decided not to make the trip across the Atlantic this year, meaning all eyes were on other American stars. Two weeks prior, Walter Hagen played a match against Archie Compston and lost badly, 18 & 17. Realizing he needed practice, Hagen resolved to skip the parties for which he had become famous and concentrate on his game. On Wednesday, Bill Mehlhorn opened with 71 to take the lead, with Sarazen a stroke behind. Mehlhorn had a poor 78 on the second day and Jos\u00e9 Jurado took over the lead on 145. \u00ab \u00bb Hagen and Sarazen were second on 148 with Mehlhorn and Archie Compston on 149. To make the cut, players would need to be within 14 strokes of the leader after 36 holes; it was at 159 and 52 players advanced.", "Macfarlane won the 13th with a birdie 2 and the 16th with a 3, winning the match by halving the 17th. Walter Hagen beat J. J. O'Brien 10&9. Hagen took a early 2 hole lead but O'Brien levelled the match at the 7th. Hagen then won 9 of the next 11 holes to be 9 up after the morning round. In the last match Jock Hutchison beat Cyril Walker 4&3. Hutchison was 2 up after the first round and was dormie 5 after 13 holes of the afternoon. Walker won the 14th but a half at the 15th gave the match of Hutchison. The semi-finals saw the defeat of the last two remaining qualifiers from the Metropolitican section, Willie Macfarlane and Walter Hagen. Jim Barnes met Willie Macfarlane in the first semi-final. Barnes took an early lead and was 3 up after 5 holes. Macfarlane won the next two holes but Barnes extended the lead to 4 holes at the end of the morning round. Barnes then won the first two holes in the afternoon, to lead by 6 holes and he eventually won the match 6&5. Jock Hutchison and Walter Hagen met in the other semi-final. Hutchison took an early lead, being two up after 9 holes. Hagen won the 10th, 11th and 13th and led by one hole after the first round. Hagen was still one up after 11 holes in the afternoon but played poorly at the 12th and 13th, Hutchison taking the lead in the match. Hagen made a birdie 3 at the 14th hole to level the match but lost the 16th after a bogey 5. At the 17th Hagen had a putt to level the match but missed it. Needing to win the final hole Hagen put his second shot into a ditch and later conceded the hole.", "1919 U.S. Open (golf) The 1919 U.S. Open was the 23rd U.S. Open, held June 9\u201312 at Brae Burn Country Club in West Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb west of Boston. In the first U.S. Open since 1916, Walter Hagen defeated Mike Brady by one stroke in an 18-hole playoff to win his second and final U.S. Open. It was the second of Hagen's eleven major titles. The championship was not held in 1917 and 1918 due to the First World War. Charles Hoffner, age 22, opened the tournament with a 72 to take the first round lead, but he fell off the pace with a 78 in the second round. Mike Brady carded consecutive rounds of 74 to take the 36-hole lead by two over Hoffner, with Walter Hagen in a group three back. Brady shot 73 in the third round and opened up a commanding five-shot lead over Hagen. In the final round, he stumbled to an 80 for 301 total, allowing Hagen back into the championship. Hagen had a 10-footer (3 m) to win at the 18th, but his putt lipped out. In the playoff the next day, Hagen carried a two-stroke lead to the 17th but then bogeyed to see his lead cut to one. But both players made par on the 18th, giving Hagen the title. Hagen's victory in the playoff came after he partied with entertainer Al Jolson all night before showing up to play. This was the first U.S. Open to be played over three days, with the first and second rounds played on the first two days and the third and final rounds played on the last day (Wednesday)."], "answer": {"text": "His parents were William and Louisa (Boelke) Hagen,", "answer_start": 87}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Walter Hagen born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Rochester, New York,", "answer_start": 8, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0ec01441278346ff8d827bbc079dc1d0_1_q#3", "question": "did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Walter Hagen have any siblings?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Macfarlane won the 13th with a birdie 2 and the 16th with a 3, winning the match by halving the 17th. Walter Hagen beat J. J. O'Brien 10&9. Hagen took a early 2 hole lead but O'Brien levelled the match at the 7th. Hagen then won 9 of the next 11 holes to be 9 up after the morning round. In the last match Jock Hutchison beat Cyril Walker 4&3. Hutchison was 2 up after the first round and was dormie 5 after 13 holes of the afternoon. Walker won the 14th but a half at the 15th gave the match of Hutchison. The semi-finals saw the defeat of the last two remaining qualifiers from the Metropolitican section, Willie Macfarlane and Walter Hagen. Jim Barnes met Willie Macfarlane in the first semi-final. Barnes took an early lead and was 3 up after 5 holes. Macfarlane won the next two holes but Barnes extended the lead to 4 holes at the end of the morning round. Barnes then won the first two holes in the afternoon, to lead by 6 holes and he eventually won the match 6&5. Jock Hutchison and Walter Hagen met in the other semi-final. Hutchison took an early lead, being two up after 9 holes. Hagen won the 10th, 11th and 13th and led by one hole after the first round. Hagen was still one up after 11 holes in the afternoon but played poorly at the 12th and 13th, Hutchison taking the lead in the match. Hagen made a birdie 3 at the 14th hole to level the match but lost the 16th after a bogey 5. At the 17th Hagen had a putt to level the match but missed it. Needing to win the final hole Hagen put his second shot into a ditch and later conceded the hole.", "Eventually, at Hagen's request, 10 players competed for each team. Samuel Ryder (together with his brother James) had sponsored a number of British professional events starting in 1923. The match resulted in 13\u20131 victory for the British team (1 match was halved). The American point was won by Bill Mehlhorn with Emmet French being all square. Medals were presented to the players by the American ambassador Alanson B. Houghton. The match was widely reported as being for the \"Ryder Cup\". However \"Golf Illustrated\" for 11 June states that because of uncertainty following the general strike in May, which led to uncertainty about how many Americans would be visiting Britain, Samuel Ryder had decided to withhold the cup for a year. It has also been suggested that because Walter Hagen chose the American team rather than the American PGA, that only those Americans who had travelled to Britain to play in the Open were available for selection and that it contained a number of players born outside the United States, also contributed to the feeling that the match ought to be regarded as unofficial. In addition the Americans \"had only just landed in England and were not yet in full practice.\" The British team was: Ted Ray (Captain), Aubrey Boomer, Archie Compston, George Duncan, George Gadd, Arthur Havers, Herbert Jolly, Abe Mitchell, Fred Robson and Ernest Whitcombe. The American team was: Walter Hagen (Captain), Tommy Armour, Jim Barnes, Emmet French, Joe Kirkwood, Fred McLeod, Bill Mehlhorn, Joe Stein, Cyril Walker and Al Watrous. While all ten of the British players subsequently played in the Ryder Cup only three of the Americans did (Hagen, Mehlhorn and Watrous).", "Hagen was a dashing and assertive character who raised the status of professional golfers and improved their earnings as well. Throughout his career, he played hundreds of exhibition matches, all across the United States and around the world; these tours popularized golf to an immense degree. Hagen was also widely known for his dashing wardrobe while playing; this featured expensive tailored clothes in bright colors and plush fabrics. As one of the world's top players, Hagen found his skills were much in demand with this exhibition format, and concluded it was much more lucrative than playing most tournaments. Hagen also made significant money endorsing golf equipment, and played a major role in helping to design clubs for Wilson Sports, which bore his name (either \"Walter Hagen\" or \"Haig Ultra\"). His work with Wilson produced some of the first matched sets of irons, around the same time that his great rival Bobby Jones was performing similar work for the Spalding company. The improved equipment expanded golf's appeal, brought high-quality clubs within the price range of many more players, and raised the standard of play. Hagen may have been the first sportsman to earn a million dollars in his career. He once stated that he \"never wanted to be a millionaire, just to live like one\". Hagen once expressed his creed in these words: \"Don't hurry, don't worry, you're only here for a short visit, so be sure to smell the flowers along the way.\" Gene Sarazen, who was ten years Hagen's junior commented, \"All the professionals ... should say a silent thanks to Walter Hagen each time they stretch a check between their fingers. It was Walter who made professional golf what it is.\"", "1919 U.S. Open (golf) The 1919 U.S. Open was the 23rd U.S. Open, held June 9\u201312 at Brae Burn Country Club in West Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb west of Boston. In the first U.S. Open since 1916, Walter Hagen defeated Mike Brady by one stroke in an 18-hole playoff to win his second and final U.S. Open. It was the second of Hagen's eleven major titles. The championship was not held in 1917 and 1918 due to the First World War. Charles Hoffner, age 22, opened the tournament with a 72 to take the first round lead, but he fell off the pace with a 78 in the second round. Mike Brady carded consecutive rounds of 74 to take the 36-hole lead by two over Hoffner, with Walter Hagen in a group three back. Brady shot 73 in the third round and opened up a commanding five-shot lead over Hagen. In the final round, he stumbled to an 80 for 301 total, allowing Hagen back into the championship. Hagen had a 10-footer (3 m) to win at the 18th, but his putt lipped out. In the playoff the next day, Hagen carried a two-stroke lead to the 17th but then bogeyed to see his lead cut to one. But both players made par on the 18th, giving Hagen the title. Hagen's victory in the playoff came after he partied with entertainer Al Jolson all night before showing up to play. This was the first U.S. Open to be played over three days, with the first and second rounds played on the first two days and the third and final rounds played on the last day (Wednesday).", "1928 Open Championship The 1928 Open Championship was the 63rd Open Championship, held 9\u201311 May at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Walter Hagen won the third of his four Open Championship titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Gene Sarazen. It was his second triumph at Royal St George's, the site of his first Open win in 1922. It was the tenth of his eleven major titles; his second Open victory came in 1924 at Royal Liverpool. For this year and the next, the Open was played earlier than usual, in early May, and Hagen won both. Qualifying was held on 7\u20138 May, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at St George's and 18 holes at Prince's, and the top 100 and ties qualified. Jos\u00e9 Jurado led the qualifiers on 144, which included four Bradbeer brothers: James, Bob, Ernest, and Fred. The qualifying score was 162 and 113 players qualified. Two-time defending champion Bobby Jones decided not to make the trip across the Atlantic this year, meaning all eyes were on other American stars. Two weeks prior, Walter Hagen played a match against Archie Compston and lost badly, 18 & 17. Realizing he needed practice, Hagen resolved to skip the parties for which he had become famous and concentrate on his game. On Wednesday, Bill Mehlhorn opened with 71 to take the lead, with Sarazen a stroke behind. Mehlhorn had a poor 78 on the second day and Jos\u00e9 Jurado took over the lead on 145. \u00ab \u00bb Hagen and Sarazen were second on 148 with Mehlhorn and Archie Compston on 149. To make the cut, players would need to be within 14 strokes of the leader after 36 holes; it was at 159 and 52 players advanced."], "answer": {"text": "Walter was the second of William and Louisa's five children and the only son.", "answer_start": 223}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Walter Hagen born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Rochester, New York,", "answer_start": 8, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "His parents were William and Louisa (Boelke) Hagen,", "answer_start": 87, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0ec01441278346ff8d827bbc079dc1d0_1_q#4", "question": "where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Walter Hagen go to school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1928 Open Championship The 1928 Open Championship was the 63rd Open Championship, held 9\u201311 May at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Walter Hagen won the third of his four Open Championship titles, two strokes ahead of runner-up Gene Sarazen. It was his second triumph at Royal St George's, the site of his first Open win in 1922. It was the tenth of his eleven major titles; his second Open victory came in 1924 at Royal Liverpool. For this year and the next, the Open was played earlier than usual, in early May, and Hagen won both. Qualifying was held on 7\u20138 May, Monday and Tuesday, with 18 holes at St George's and 18 holes at Prince's, and the top 100 and ties qualified. Jos\u00e9 Jurado led the qualifiers on 144, which included four Bradbeer brothers: James, Bob, Ernest, and Fred. The qualifying score was 162 and 113 players qualified. Two-time defending champion Bobby Jones decided not to make the trip across the Atlantic this year, meaning all eyes were on other American stars. Two weeks prior, Walter Hagen played a match against Archie Compston and lost badly, 18 & 17. Realizing he needed practice, Hagen resolved to skip the parties for which he had become famous and concentrate on his game. On Wednesday, Bill Mehlhorn opened with 71 to take the lead, with Sarazen a stroke behind. Mehlhorn had a poor 78 on the second day and Jos\u00e9 Jurado took over the lead on 145. \u00ab \u00bb Hagen and Sarazen were second on 148 with Mehlhorn and Archie Compston on 149. To make the cut, players would need to be within 14 strokes of the leader after 36 holes; it was at 159 and 52 players advanced.", "Macfarlane won the 13th with a birdie 2 and the 16th with a 3, winning the match by halving the 17th. Walter Hagen beat J. J. O'Brien 10&9. Hagen took a early 2 hole lead but O'Brien levelled the match at the 7th. Hagen then won 9 of the next 11 holes to be 9 up after the morning round. In the last match Jock Hutchison beat Cyril Walker 4&3. Hutchison was 2 up after the first round and was dormie 5 after 13 holes of the afternoon. Walker won the 14th but a half at the 15th gave the match of Hutchison. The semi-finals saw the defeat of the last two remaining qualifiers from the Metropolitican section, Willie Macfarlane and Walter Hagen. Jim Barnes met Willie Macfarlane in the first semi-final. Barnes took an early lead and was 3 up after 5 holes. Macfarlane won the next two holes but Barnes extended the lead to 4 holes at the end of the morning round. Barnes then won the first two holes in the afternoon, to lead by 6 holes and he eventually won the match 6&5. Jock Hutchison and Walter Hagen met in the other semi-final. Hutchison took an early lead, being two up after 9 holes. Hagen won the 10th, 11th and 13th and led by one hole after the first round. Hagen was still one up after 11 holes in the afternoon but played poorly at the 12th and 13th, Hutchison taking the lead in the match. Hagen made a birdie 3 at the 14th hole to level the match but lost the 16th after a bogey 5. At the 17th Hagen had a putt to level the match but missed it. Needing to win the final hole Hagen put his second shot into a ditch and later conceded the hole.", "Hagen was a dashing and assertive character who raised the status of professional golfers and improved their earnings as well. Throughout his career, he played hundreds of exhibition matches, all across the United States and around the world; these tours popularized golf to an immense degree. Hagen was also widely known for his dashing wardrobe while playing; this featured expensive tailored clothes in bright colors and plush fabrics. As one of the world's top players, Hagen found his skills were much in demand with this exhibition format, and concluded it was much more lucrative than playing most tournaments. Hagen also made significant money endorsing golf equipment, and played a major role in helping to design clubs for Wilson Sports, which bore his name (either \"Walter Hagen\" or \"Haig Ultra\"). His work with Wilson produced some of the first matched sets of irons, around the same time that his great rival Bobby Jones was performing similar work for the Spalding company. The improved equipment expanded golf's appeal, brought high-quality clubs within the price range of many more players, and raised the standard of play. Hagen may have been the first sportsman to earn a million dollars in his career. He once stated that he \"never wanted to be a millionaire, just to live like one\". Hagen once expressed his creed in these words: \"Don't hurry, don't worry, you're only here for a short visit, so be sure to smell the flowers along the way.\" Gene Sarazen, who was ten years Hagen's junior commented, \"All the professionals ... should say a silent thanks to Walter Hagen each time they stretch a check between their fingers. It was Walter who made professional golf what it is.\"", "1919 U.S. Open (golf) The 1919 U.S. Open was the 23rd U.S. Open, held June 9\u201312 at Brae Burn Country Club in West Newton, Massachusetts, a suburb west of Boston. In the first U.S. Open since 1916, Walter Hagen defeated Mike Brady by one stroke in an 18-hole playoff to win his second and final U.S. Open. It was the second of Hagen's eleven major titles. The championship was not held in 1917 and 1918 due to the First World War. Charles Hoffner, age 22, opened the tournament with a 72 to take the first round lead, but he fell off the pace with a 78 in the second round. Mike Brady carded consecutive rounds of 74 to take the 36-hole lead by two over Hoffner, with Walter Hagen in a group three back. Brady shot 73 in the third round and opened up a commanding five-shot lead over Hagen. In the final round, he stumbled to an 80 for 301 total, allowing Hagen back into the championship. Hagen had a 10-footer (3 m) to win at the 18th, but his putt lipped out. In the playoff the next day, Hagen carried a two-stroke lead to the 17th but then bogeyed to see his lead cut to one. But both players made par on the 18th, giving Hagen the title. Hagen's victory in the playoff came after he partied with entertainer Al Jolson all night before showing up to play. This was the first U.S. Open to be played over three days, with the first and second rounds played on the first two days and the third and final rounds played on the last day (Wednesday).", "J. J. O'Brien (golfer)  John James O'Brien (February 16, 1888 \u2013 April 6, 1928) was an American professional golfer. His best year was 1916 when he was in the top 10 in the U.S. Open and he reached the quarter-finals of the inaugural PGA Championship. In the 1914 U.S. Open, O'Brien was tied for fourth place after the first day, just 4 strokes behind Walter Hagen. Two disappointing rounds on the final day left him tied for 13th place, 12 strokes behind Hagen. In June 1916, O'Brien finished tied for 9th place in the U.S. Open, despite a final round of 76. In August, he finished tied for 6th place behind Walter Hagen in the Western Open and then in September he qualified for the final stage of the inaugural PGA Championship, finishing 4th in the qualifying of the Middle West section at the Glen View Club, with 7 places available. The championship was played at Siwanoy Country Club in mid-October. O'Brien won his first two matches before losing 10 & 9 to Hagen in the quarter-finals. O'Brien died in April 1928. He had been suffering from the effects of pneumonia for three years. For a number of years he had been running an indoor golf facility in East Liberty (Pittsburgh). \"Note: O'Brien never played in The Open Championship.\" NYF = tournament not yet founded<br> NT = no tournament<br> WD = withdrew<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut< br> R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play \"T\" indicates a tie for a place"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Walter Hagen born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Rochester, New York,", "answer_start": 8, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "His parents were William and Louisa (Boelke) Hagen,", "answer_start": 87, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "Walter was the second of William and Louisa's five children and the only son.", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_712b4ac7451d4a5fb8b4b9cb9fb76e4d_0_q#0", "question": "What is Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "rewrite": "What is Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Town Hall Tonight\" was renamed The Fred Allen Show on October 4, 1939. A typical opening heard by listeners on \"Town Hall Tonight\" might have been as follows: A typical closing that could be heard by listeners every week on the program might have been as follows: The memorable \"feud\" between Fred Allen and Jack Benny of \"The Jell-O Program\" began on a 1936 episode of \"Town Hall Tonight\". On December 30, 1936, Allen had as one of his guests in the amateur portion of his program future professional violinist Stuart Canin. Then 10-year-old Canin performed Schubert's \"The Bee\" on his violin. After his rendition of the classic, Allen made reference to \"a certain alleged violin player [who] should be ashamed of himself,\" noting the not so good violin playing synonymous with Benny. For a decade, the two exchanged insults on both men's shows so convincingly that fans of either show might have believed they had become blood enemies. In fact, the two men were good friends and admired each other greatly. Benny and Allen often appeared on each other's shows during the feud, both in acknowledged guest spots and surprise cameos. On one Christmas program, Allen thanked Benny for sending him a Christmas tree, but then added that the tree had died. \" Well, what do you expect,\" quipped Allen, \"when the tree is in Brooklyn and the sap is in Hollywood. \" Benny in his memoir, \"Sunday Nights at Seven\", and Allen in his memoir, \"Treadmill to Oblivion\", revealed that both comedians writing staffs often met together to plot the direction of the mock feud. If Allen parodied \"The Jack Benny Program\" (as \"The Pinch Penny Program\"), Benny responded with a parody of \"Town Hall Tonight\" (\"Clown Hall Tonight\").", "Allen first hosted The Linit Bath Club Revue on CBS, moving the show to NBC and becoming The Salad Bowl Revue (in a nod to new sponsor Hellmann's Mayonnaise, which was marketed by the parent company of Linit) later in the year. The show became The Sal Hepatica Revue (1933-34), The Hour of Smiles (1934-35), and finally Town Hall Tonight (1935-39). In 1939-40, however, sponsor Bristol-Myers, which advertised Ipana toothpaste as well as Sal Hepatica during the program, altered the title to The Fred Allen Show, over his objections. Allen's perfectionism (odd to some, considering his deft ad-libs) caused him to leap from sponsor to sponsor until Town Hall Tonight allowed him to set his chosen small-town milieu and establish himself as a bona fide radio star. The hour-long show featured segments that would influence radio and, much later, television; news satires such as Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In's \"Laugh-In Looks at the News\" and Saturday Night Live's \"Weekend Update\" were influenced by Town Hall Tonight's \"The News Reel\", later renamed \"Town Hall News\" (and in 1939-40, as a sop to his sponsor, \"Ipana News\"). The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson's \"Mighty Carson Art Players\" routines referenced Allen's Mighty Allen Art Players, in name and sometimes in routines. Allen and company also satirized popular musical comedies and films of the day, including and especially Oklahoma!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own. The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "The show began as a variety show with dramatizations and songs by guest stars. In 1940, the show became a star vehicle for Allen, with the show re-titled \"Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen\" and the program airing on October 2, 1940. Allen's previous sponsor, Bristol-Myers' Ipana toothpaste and Sal Hepatica laxative, decided to cease their tandem sponsorship of Allen's successful hour, first known as \"Town Hall Tonight\" and then, for its final season, \"The Fred Allen Show\". He presided over \"Texaco Star Theatre\" from 1940 to 1942 as an hour-long show on Wednesday and then Sunday nights, and from 1942\u20131944 as a half-hour show, until he withdrew from work for over a year on his doctor's advice. It was during the half-hour version of the show that the more cerebral (if barbed) Allen premiered the continuing comic sketch for which many remember him best: the ensemble, topical takeoffs of \"Allen's Alley\". Guests included some of the best comedic actors of the time, including Sam Levene. Though some believe the title \"Texaco Star Theatre\" was retired temporarily, in favor of \"Texaco Time\", after Allen scaled the show back to a half-hour, the show retained the \"Texaco Star Theatre\" title officially, the confusion likely stemming from the announcers' first words of introduction: \"It's Texaco time starring Fred Allen. \" They customarily continued the introduction, as the opening music continued, by referring to \"Texaco Star Theatre\". Jimmy Wallington became the show's announcer for most of its life with Allen as the feature (he succeeded George Burns and Gracie Allen", "By 1938, costs decreased to around $10,000, around $4,500 less than the average production cost of a top-ten rated radio program. Network time, however, for the hour-long program cost approximately $1,200 more than other shows in the top ten. According to a 1937 ratings survey conducted by the Cooperative Analysis of Broadcasting (CAB), \"Town Hall Tonight\" was the fifth most listened to program in America amongst urban listeners. The show did not score well in the ratings among rural listeners. In the early months of 1940, Allen's contract with Bristol-Myers was set to expire. However, during the same time, Allen was in contract negotiations with the Texas Company. Allen and the Texas Company, or Texaco, as it was more commonly referred to, reached a deal during the third week of May which had Allen hosting the new \"Texaco Star Theatre\". On October 2, 1940, the Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen premiered on Allen's home station of CBS airing Wednesdays at 9. This was the first time Allen hosted a radio program on the network in seven years. The show moved to Sundays on March 8, 1942 replacing \"The Ford Symphony Hour\". On October 4, 1942, the show changed from an hour-long format to a 30-minute format marking the first time Allen hosted a 30-minute program in eight years. The program saw the inclusion of regulars Charlie Cantor, Alan Reed and John Brown. Harry Von Zell was the original announcer followed by Arthur Godfrey then Jimmy Wallington. Allen left the program due to health issues and hosted his last episode of \"Texaco Star Theatre\" on June 25, 1944. Besides the Benny-Allen feud, perhaps the most memorable part of \"The Fred Allen Show\" were the \"Allen's Alley\" segments.", "\"The Fred Allen Show\" soon became a part of radio's \"most listened-to night of the week\". Also with Allen on Sunday nights included Jack Benny and Edgar Bergen. For the 1945\u201346 and 1947\u201348 radio seasons, both \"The Jack Benny Program\" and \"The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" preceded Allen on Sunday nights. \" The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" also, coincidentally, was sponsored by Standard Brands through their Chase and Sanborn Coffee division. During the show's third season in January 1949, Standard Brands dropped \"The Fred Allen Show\" mainly due to the high cost of production and talent for the program. The Ford Motor Company soon picked up the increased tab of $22,000 a week needed to produce the program. Fred Allen was noted for his battles with network officials during his radio years which often led to the censoring of a few moments to minutes of his show. These battles apparently date back to \"Town Hall Tonight\". To try to control this behavior, network officials began making Allen submit \"verbatim scripts\" prior to air for their approval. Oftentimes, network officials would make Allen delete or revise a joke here and there before approving the script for approval. In retaliation, Allen began inserting jokes in his script he had no intention of using on air as \"bargaining chips\" for the network, agreeing to cut certain jokes in exchange for others. In addition, Allen would often ad-lib material and since most radio programs in those days were broadcast live, with the exception of the occasional delay here and there, the audience would sometimes hear a bleep in place of a word or phrase. Such an incident happened in the night of the April 20, 1947 broadcast of \"The Fred Allen Show\"."], "answer": {"text": "The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "answer_start": 1485}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_712b4ac7451d4a5fb8b4b9cb9fb76e4d_0_q#1", "question": "What were the critics reactions?", "rewrite": "What were the critics reactions to Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"The Fred Allen Show\" soon became a part of radio's \"most listened-to night of the week\". Also with Allen on Sunday nights included Jack Benny and Edgar Bergen. For the 1945\u201346 and 1947\u201348 radio seasons, both \"The Jack Benny Program\" and \"The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" preceded Allen on Sunday nights. \" The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" also, coincidentally, was sponsored by Standard Brands through their Chase and Sanborn Coffee division. During the show's third season in January 1949, Standard Brands dropped \"The Fred Allen Show\" mainly due to the high cost of production and talent for the program. The Ford Motor Company soon picked up the increased tab of $22,000 a week needed to produce the program. Fred Allen was noted for his battles with network officials during his radio years which often led to the censoring of a few moments to minutes of his show. These battles apparently date back to \"Town Hall Tonight\". To try to control this behavior, network officials began making Allen submit \"verbatim scripts\" prior to air for their approval. Oftentimes, network officials would make Allen delete or revise a joke here and there before approving the script for approval. In retaliation, Allen began inserting jokes in his script he had no intention of using on air as \"bargaining chips\" for the network, agreeing to cut certain jokes in exchange for others. In addition, Allen would often ad-lib material and since most radio programs in those days were broadcast live, with the exception of the occasional delay here and there, the audience would sometimes hear a bleep in place of a word or phrase. Such an incident happened in the night of the April 20, 1947 broadcast of \"The Fred Allen Show\".", "Allen first hosted The Linit Bath Club Revue on CBS, moving the show to NBC and becoming The Salad Bowl Revue (in a nod to new sponsor Hellmann's Mayonnaise, which was marketed by the parent company of Linit) later in the year. The show became The Sal Hepatica Revue (1933-34), The Hour of Smiles (1934-35), and finally Town Hall Tonight (1935-39). In 1939-40, however, sponsor Bristol-Myers, which advertised Ipana toothpaste as well as Sal Hepatica during the program, altered the title to The Fred Allen Show, over his objections. Allen's perfectionism (odd to some, considering his deft ad-libs) caused him to leap from sponsor to sponsor until Town Hall Tonight allowed him to set his chosen small-town milieu and establish himself as a bona fide radio star. The hour-long show featured segments that would influence radio and, much later, television; news satires such as Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In's \"Laugh-In Looks at the News\" and Saturday Night Live's \"Weekend Update\" were influenced by Town Hall Tonight's \"The News Reel\", later renamed \"Town Hall News\" (and in 1939-40, as a sop to his sponsor, \"Ipana News\"). The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson's \"Mighty Carson Art Players\" routines referenced Allen's Mighty Allen Art Players, in name and sometimes in routines. Allen and company also satirized popular musical comedies and films of the day, including and especially Oklahoma!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own. The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "The show began as a variety show with dramatizations and songs by guest stars. In 1940, the show became a star vehicle for Allen, with the show re-titled \"Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen\" and the program airing on October 2, 1940. Allen's previous sponsor, Bristol-Myers' Ipana toothpaste and Sal Hepatica laxative, decided to cease their tandem sponsorship of Allen's successful hour, first known as \"Town Hall Tonight\" and then, for its final season, \"The Fred Allen Show\". He presided over \"Texaco Star Theatre\" from 1940 to 1942 as an hour-long show on Wednesday and then Sunday nights, and from 1942\u20131944 as a half-hour show, until he withdrew from work for over a year on his doctor's advice. It was during the half-hour version of the show that the more cerebral (if barbed) Allen premiered the continuing comic sketch for which many remember him best: the ensemble, topical takeoffs of \"Allen's Alley\". Guests included some of the best comedic actors of the time, including Sam Levene. Though some believe the title \"Texaco Star Theatre\" was retired temporarily, in favor of \"Texaco Time\", after Allen scaled the show back to a half-hour, the show retained the \"Texaco Star Theatre\" title officially, the confusion likely stemming from the announcers' first words of introduction: \"It's Texaco time starring Fred Allen. \" They customarily continued the introduction, as the opening music continued, by referring to \"Texaco Star Theatre\". Jimmy Wallington became the show's announcer for most of its life with Allen as the feature (he succeeded George Burns and Gracie Allen", "By 1938, costs decreased to around $10,000, around $4,500 less than the average production cost of a top-ten rated radio program. Network time, however, for the hour-long program cost approximately $1,200 more than other shows in the top ten. According to a 1937 ratings survey conducted by the Cooperative Analysis of Broadcasting (CAB), \"Town Hall Tonight\" was the fifth most listened to program in America amongst urban listeners. The show did not score well in the ratings among rural listeners. In the early months of 1940, Allen's contract with Bristol-Myers was set to expire. However, during the same time, Allen was in contract negotiations with the Texas Company. Allen and the Texas Company, or Texaco, as it was more commonly referred to, reached a deal during the third week of May which had Allen hosting the new \"Texaco Star Theatre\". On October 2, 1940, the Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen premiered on Allen's home station of CBS airing Wednesdays at 9. This was the first time Allen hosted a radio program on the network in seven years. The show moved to Sundays on March 8, 1942 replacing \"The Ford Symphony Hour\". On October 4, 1942, the show changed from an hour-long format to a 30-minute format marking the first time Allen hosted a 30-minute program in eight years. The program saw the inclusion of regulars Charlie Cantor, Alan Reed and John Brown. Harry Von Zell was the original announcer followed by Arthur Godfrey then Jimmy Wallington. Allen left the program due to health issues and hosted his last episode of \"Texaco Star Theatre\" on June 25, 1944. Besides the Benny-Allen feud, perhaps the most memorable part of \"The Fred Allen Show\" were the \"Allen's Alley\" segments.", "Town Hall Tonight\" was renamed The Fred Allen Show on October 4, 1939. A typical opening heard by listeners on \"Town Hall Tonight\" might have been as follows: A typical closing that could be heard by listeners every week on the program might have been as follows: The memorable \"feud\" between Fred Allen and Jack Benny of \"The Jell-O Program\" began on a 1936 episode of \"Town Hall Tonight\". On December 30, 1936, Allen had as one of his guests in the amateur portion of his program future professional violinist Stuart Canin. Then 10-year-old Canin performed Schubert's \"The Bee\" on his violin. After his rendition of the classic, Allen made reference to \"a certain alleged violin player [who] should be ashamed of himself,\" noting the not so good violin playing synonymous with Benny. For a decade, the two exchanged insults on both men's shows so convincingly that fans of either show might have believed they had become blood enemies. In fact, the two men were good friends and admired each other greatly. Benny and Allen often appeared on each other's shows during the feud, both in acknowledged guest spots and surprise cameos. On one Christmas program, Allen thanked Benny for sending him a Christmas tree, but then added that the tree had died. \" Well, what do you expect,\" quipped Allen, \"when the tree is in Brooklyn and the sap is in Hollywood. \" Benny in his memoir, \"Sunday Nights at Seven\", and Allen in his memoir, \"Treadmill to Oblivion\", revealed that both comedians writing staffs often met together to plot the direction of the mock feud. If Allen parodied \"The Jack Benny Program\" (as \"The Pinch Penny Program\"), Benny responded with a parody of \"Town Hall Tonight\" (\"Clown Hall Tonight\")."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "answer": {"text": "The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "answer_start": 1485, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_712b4ac7451d4a5fb8b4b9cb9fb76e4d_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight being the longest-running comedy show in classic radio history, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["By 1938, costs decreased to around $10,000, around $4,500 less than the average production cost of a top-ten rated radio program. Network time, however, for the hour-long program cost approximately $1,200 more than other shows in the top ten. According to a 1937 ratings survey conducted by the Cooperative Analysis of Broadcasting (CAB), \"Town Hall Tonight\" was the fifth most listened to program in America amongst urban listeners. The show did not score well in the ratings among rural listeners. In the early months of 1940, Allen's contract with Bristol-Myers was set to expire. However, during the same time, Allen was in contract negotiations with the Texas Company. Allen and the Texas Company, or Texaco, as it was more commonly referred to, reached a deal during the third week of May which had Allen hosting the new \"Texaco Star Theatre\". On October 2, 1940, the Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen premiered on Allen's home station of CBS airing Wednesdays at 9. This was the first time Allen hosted a radio program on the network in seven years. The show moved to Sundays on March 8, 1942 replacing \"The Ford Symphony Hour\". On October 4, 1942, the show changed from an hour-long format to a 30-minute format marking the first time Allen hosted a 30-minute program in eight years. The program saw the inclusion of regulars Charlie Cantor, Alan Reed and John Brown. Harry Von Zell was the original announcer followed by Arthur Godfrey then Jimmy Wallington. Allen left the program due to health issues and hosted his last episode of \"Texaco Star Theatre\" on June 25, 1944. Besides the Benny-Allen feud, perhaps the most memorable part of \"The Fred Allen Show\" were the \"Allen's Alley\" segments.", "\"The Fred Allen Show\" soon became a part of radio's \"most listened-to night of the week\". Also with Allen on Sunday nights included Jack Benny and Edgar Bergen. For the 1945\u201346 and 1947\u201348 radio seasons, both \"The Jack Benny Program\" and \"The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" preceded Allen on Sunday nights. \" The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" also, coincidentally, was sponsored by Standard Brands through their Chase and Sanborn Coffee division. During the show's third season in January 1949, Standard Brands dropped \"The Fred Allen Show\" mainly due to the high cost of production and talent for the program. The Ford Motor Company soon picked up the increased tab of $22,000 a week needed to produce the program. Fred Allen was noted for his battles with network officials during his radio years which often led to the censoring of a few moments to minutes of his show. These battles apparently date back to \"Town Hall Tonight\". To try to control this behavior, network officials began making Allen submit \"verbatim scripts\" prior to air for their approval. Oftentimes, network officials would make Allen delete or revise a joke here and there before approving the script for approval. In retaliation, Allen began inserting jokes in his script he had no intention of using on air as \"bargaining chips\" for the network, agreeing to cut certain jokes in exchange for others. In addition, Allen would often ad-lib material and since most radio programs in those days were broadcast live, with the exception of the occasional delay here and there, the audience would sometimes hear a bleep in place of a word or phrase. Such an incident happened in the night of the April 20, 1947 broadcast of \"The Fred Allen Show\".", "The show began as a variety show with dramatizations and songs by guest stars. In 1940, the show became a star vehicle for Allen, with the show re-titled \"Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen\" and the program airing on October 2, 1940. Allen's previous sponsor, Bristol-Myers' Ipana toothpaste and Sal Hepatica laxative, decided to cease their tandem sponsorship of Allen's successful hour, first known as \"Town Hall Tonight\" and then, for its final season, \"The Fred Allen Show\". He presided over \"Texaco Star Theatre\" from 1940 to 1942 as an hour-long show on Wednesday and then Sunday nights, and from 1942\u20131944 as a half-hour show, until he withdrew from work for over a year on his doctor's advice. It was during the half-hour version of the show that the more cerebral (if barbed) Allen premiered the continuing comic sketch for which many remember him best: the ensemble, topical takeoffs of \"Allen's Alley\". Guests included some of the best comedic actors of the time, including Sam Levene. Though some believe the title \"Texaco Star Theatre\" was retired temporarily, in favor of \"Texaco Time\", after Allen scaled the show back to a half-hour, the show retained the \"Texaco Star Theatre\" title officially, the confusion likely stemming from the announcers' first words of introduction: \"It's Texaco time starring Fred Allen. \" They customarily continued the introduction, as the opening music continued, by referring to \"Texaco Star Theatre\". Jimmy Wallington became the show's announcer for most of its life with Allen as the feature (he succeeded George Burns and Gracie Allen", "Allen first hosted The Linit Bath Club Revue on CBS, moving the show to NBC and becoming The Salad Bowl Revue (in a nod to new sponsor Hellmann's Mayonnaise, which was marketed by the parent company of Linit) later in the year. The show became The Sal Hepatica Revue (1933-34), The Hour of Smiles (1934-35), and finally Town Hall Tonight (1935-39). In 1939-40, however, sponsor Bristol-Myers, which advertised Ipana toothpaste as well as Sal Hepatica during the program, altered the title to The Fred Allen Show, over his objections. Allen's perfectionism (odd to some, considering his deft ad-libs) caused him to leap from sponsor to sponsor until Town Hall Tonight allowed him to set his chosen small-town milieu and establish himself as a bona fide radio star. The hour-long show featured segments that would influence radio and, much later, television; news satires such as Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In's \"Laugh-In Looks at the News\" and Saturday Night Live's \"Weekend Update\" were influenced by Town Hall Tonight's \"The News Reel\", later renamed \"Town Hall News\" (and in 1939-40, as a sop to his sponsor, \"Ipana News\"). The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson's \"Mighty Carson Art Players\" routines referenced Allen's Mighty Allen Art Players, in name and sometimes in routines. Allen and company also satirized popular musical comedies and films of the day, including and especially Oklahoma!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own. The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "Town Hall Tonight\" was renamed The Fred Allen Show on October 4, 1939. A typical opening heard by listeners on \"Town Hall Tonight\" might have been as follows: A typical closing that could be heard by listeners every week on the program might have been as follows: The memorable \"feud\" between Fred Allen and Jack Benny of \"The Jell-O Program\" began on a 1936 episode of \"Town Hall Tonight\". On December 30, 1936, Allen had as one of his guests in the amateur portion of his program future professional violinist Stuart Canin. Then 10-year-old Canin performed Schubert's \"The Bee\" on his violin. After his rendition of the classic, Allen made reference to \"a certain alleged violin player [who] should be ashamed of himself,\" noting the not so good violin playing synonymous with Benny. For a decade, the two exchanged insults on both men's shows so convincingly that fans of either show might have believed they had become blood enemies. In fact, the two men were good friends and admired each other greatly. Benny and Allen often appeared on each other's shows during the feud, both in acknowledged guest spots and surprise cameos. On one Christmas program, Allen thanked Benny for sending him a Christmas tree, but then added that the tree had died. \" Well, what do you expect,\" quipped Allen, \"when the tree is in Brooklyn and the sap is in Hollywood. \" Benny in his memoir, \"Sunday Nights at Seven\", and Allen in his memoir, \"Treadmill to Oblivion\", revealed that both comedians writing staffs often met together to plot the direction of the mock feud. If Allen parodied \"The Jack Benny Program\" (as \"The Pinch Penny Program\"), Benny responded with a parody of \"Town Hall Tonight\" (\"Clown Hall Tonight\")."], "answer": {"text": "!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own.", "answer_start": 1396}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "answer": {"text": "The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "answer_start": 1485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the critics reactions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_712b4ac7451d4a5fb8b4b9cb9fb76e4d_0_q#3", "question": "Who did he host with?", "rewrite": "Who did Fred Allen host Town Hall Tonight with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"The Fred Allen Show\" soon became a part of radio's \"most listened-to night of the week\". Also with Allen on Sunday nights included Jack Benny and Edgar Bergen. For the 1945\u201346 and 1947\u201348 radio seasons, both \"The Jack Benny Program\" and \"The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" preceded Allen on Sunday nights. \" The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" also, coincidentally, was sponsored by Standard Brands through their Chase and Sanborn Coffee division. During the show's third season in January 1949, Standard Brands dropped \"The Fred Allen Show\" mainly due to the high cost of production and talent for the program. The Ford Motor Company soon picked up the increased tab of $22,000 a week needed to produce the program. Fred Allen was noted for his battles with network officials during his radio years which often led to the censoring of a few moments to minutes of his show. These battles apparently date back to \"Town Hall Tonight\". To try to control this behavior, network officials began making Allen submit \"verbatim scripts\" prior to air for their approval. Oftentimes, network officials would make Allen delete or revise a joke here and there before approving the script for approval. In retaliation, Allen began inserting jokes in his script he had no intention of using on air as \"bargaining chips\" for the network, agreeing to cut certain jokes in exchange for others. In addition, Allen would often ad-lib material and since most radio programs in those days were broadcast live, with the exception of the occasional delay here and there, the audience would sometimes hear a bleep in place of a word or phrase. Such an incident happened in the night of the April 20, 1947 broadcast of \"The Fred Allen Show\".", "By 1938, costs decreased to around $10,000, around $4,500 less than the average production cost of a top-ten rated radio program. Network time, however, for the hour-long program cost approximately $1,200 more than other shows in the top ten. According to a 1937 ratings survey conducted by the Cooperative Analysis of Broadcasting (CAB), \"Town Hall Tonight\" was the fifth most listened to program in America amongst urban listeners. The show did not score well in the ratings among rural listeners. In the early months of 1940, Allen's contract with Bristol-Myers was set to expire. However, during the same time, Allen was in contract negotiations with the Texas Company. Allen and the Texas Company, or Texaco, as it was more commonly referred to, reached a deal during the third week of May which had Allen hosting the new \"Texaco Star Theatre\". On October 2, 1940, the Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen premiered on Allen's home station of CBS airing Wednesdays at 9. This was the first time Allen hosted a radio program on the network in seven years. The show moved to Sundays on March 8, 1942 replacing \"The Ford Symphony Hour\". On October 4, 1942, the show changed from an hour-long format to a 30-minute format marking the first time Allen hosted a 30-minute program in eight years. The program saw the inclusion of regulars Charlie Cantor, Alan Reed and John Brown. Harry Von Zell was the original announcer followed by Arthur Godfrey then Jimmy Wallington. Allen left the program due to health issues and hosted his last episode of \"Texaco Star Theatre\" on June 25, 1944. Besides the Benny-Allen feud, perhaps the most memorable part of \"The Fred Allen Show\" were the \"Allen's Alley\" segments.", "Allen first hosted The Linit Bath Club Revue on CBS, moving the show to NBC and becoming The Salad Bowl Revue (in a nod to new sponsor Hellmann's Mayonnaise, which was marketed by the parent company of Linit) later in the year. The show became The Sal Hepatica Revue (1933-34), The Hour of Smiles (1934-35), and finally Town Hall Tonight (1935-39). In 1939-40, however, sponsor Bristol-Myers, which advertised Ipana toothpaste as well as Sal Hepatica during the program, altered the title to The Fred Allen Show, over his objections. Allen's perfectionism (odd to some, considering his deft ad-libs) caused him to leap from sponsor to sponsor until Town Hall Tonight allowed him to set his chosen small-town milieu and establish himself as a bona fide radio star. The hour-long show featured segments that would influence radio and, much later, television; news satires such as Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In's \"Laugh-In Looks at the News\" and Saturday Night Live's \"Weekend Update\" were influenced by Town Hall Tonight's \"The News Reel\", later renamed \"Town Hall News\" (and in 1939-40, as a sop to his sponsor, \"Ipana News\"). The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson's \"Mighty Carson Art Players\" routines referenced Allen's Mighty Allen Art Players, in name and sometimes in routines. Allen and company also satirized popular musical comedies and films of the day, including and especially Oklahoma!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own. The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "The show began as a variety show with dramatizations and songs by guest stars. In 1940, the show became a star vehicle for Allen, with the show re-titled \"Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen\" and the program airing on October 2, 1940. Allen's previous sponsor, Bristol-Myers' Ipana toothpaste and Sal Hepatica laxative, decided to cease their tandem sponsorship of Allen's successful hour, first known as \"Town Hall Tonight\" and then, for its final season, \"The Fred Allen Show\". He presided over \"Texaco Star Theatre\" from 1940 to 1942 as an hour-long show on Wednesday and then Sunday nights, and from 1942\u20131944 as a half-hour show, until he withdrew from work for over a year on his doctor's advice. It was during the half-hour version of the show that the more cerebral (if barbed) Allen premiered the continuing comic sketch for which many remember him best: the ensemble, topical takeoffs of \"Allen's Alley\". Guests included some of the best comedic actors of the time, including Sam Levene. Though some believe the title \"Texaco Star Theatre\" was retired temporarily, in favor of \"Texaco Time\", after Allen scaled the show back to a half-hour, the show retained the \"Texaco Star Theatre\" title officially, the confusion likely stemming from the announcers' first words of introduction: \"It's Texaco time starring Fred Allen. \" They customarily continued the introduction, as the opening music continued, by referring to \"Texaco Star Theatre\". Jimmy Wallington became the show's announcer for most of its life with Allen as the feature (he succeeded George Burns and Gracie Allen", "Town Hall Tonight\" was renamed The Fred Allen Show on October 4, 1939. A typical opening heard by listeners on \"Town Hall Tonight\" might have been as follows: A typical closing that could be heard by listeners every week on the program might have been as follows: The memorable \"feud\" between Fred Allen and Jack Benny of \"The Jell-O Program\" began on a 1936 episode of \"Town Hall Tonight\". On December 30, 1936, Allen had as one of his guests in the amateur portion of his program future professional violinist Stuart Canin. Then 10-year-old Canin performed Schubert's \"The Bee\" on his violin. After his rendition of the classic, Allen made reference to \"a certain alleged violin player [who] should be ashamed of himself,\" noting the not so good violin playing synonymous with Benny. For a decade, the two exchanged insults on both men's shows so convincingly that fans of either show might have believed they had become blood enemies. In fact, the two men were good friends and admired each other greatly. Benny and Allen often appeared on each other's shows during the feud, both in acknowledged guest spots and surprise cameos. On one Christmas program, Allen thanked Benny for sending him a Christmas tree, but then added that the tree had died. \" Well, what do you expect,\" quipped Allen, \"when the tree is in Brooklyn and the sap is in Hollywood. \" Benny in his memoir, \"Sunday Nights at Seven\", and Allen in his memoir, \"Treadmill to Oblivion\", revealed that both comedians writing staffs often met together to plot the direction of the mock feud. If Allen parodied \"The Jack Benny Program\" (as \"The Pinch Penny Program\"), Benny responded with a parody of \"Town Hall Tonight\" (\"Clown Hall Tonight\")."], "answer": {"text": "In 1940, Allen moved back to CBS Radio with a new sponsor and show name, Texaco Star Theater, airing every Wednesday at 9:00 pm ET on CBS,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "answer": {"text": "The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "answer_start": 1485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the critics reactions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own.", "answer_start": 1396, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_712b4ac7451d4a5fb8b4b9cb9fb76e4d_0_q#4", "question": "Did he host with any one?", "rewrite": "Did Fred Allen host a show with any one?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Fred Allen Show The Fred Allen Show was a popular and long-running American old-time radio comedy program starring comedian Fred Allen and his wife Portland Hoffa. Over the course of the program's 17-year run, it was sponsored by Linit Bath Soaps, Hellmann's, Ipana, Sal Hepatica, Texaco and Tenderleaf Tea. The program ended in 1949 under the sponsorship of the Ford Motor Company. The most popular period of the program was the few years of sponsorship under the Texaco Gas Company. During this time, the program was known as \"Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen\". On the December 6, 1942 episode of the program, Allen premiered his first in a series of segments known as \"Allen's Alley\". The segments would have Allen strolling through an imaginary neighborhood, knocking on the \"doors\" of various neighbors, including average-American John Doe (played by John Brown), Mrs. Nussbaum (Minerva Pious), pompous poet Falstaff Openshaw (Alan Reed), Titus Moody (Parker Fennelly), and boisterous southern senator Beauregard Claghorn (announcer Kenny Delmar). Texaco ended its sponsorship of the program in 1944. Some prominent guest stars on Allen's program over the years included Frank Sinatra, Orson Welles, Roy Rogers, Bela Lugosi, Ed Gardner, Norman Corwin and Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy. The first version of \"The Fred Allen Show\" premiered under the title of The Linit Bath Club Revue on the Columbia Broadcasting System Sunday night October 23, 1932. According to his official website, Fred Allen had trouble from the beginning of it all with the program's sponsor, Linit bath soaps and with the advertising agency that supervised production.", "Allen was censored for 30 seconds when he referred to an imaginary NBC vice-president who was \"in charge of program ends\". He went on to explain to his audience that this vice-president saved these hours, minutes and seconds that radio programs ran over their allotted time until he had two weeks' worth of them and then used the time for a two-week vacation. In the coming weeks, several other comedians were also censored for speaking about the Allen incident. Red Skelton of \"The Raleigh Cigarette Program\" and Bob Hope of \"The Pepsodent Show\" were amongst those comedians. After sometime of public outcry and protests, NBC indicated it would no longer censor future broadcasts of any show for similar instances. During the final years of his radio show, Fred Allen suffered two declines. One decline in his program's ratings and an unfortunate decline in his health. On February 1, 1948, \"The Fred Allen Show\" received a Hooperating of 28.7 and was the number one listened-to program on radio. However, when ABC pitted the new \"Stop the Music\" program against the Allen and Bergen-McCarthy programs, ratings for both programs plummeted, despite Allen's offer of \"insurance\" to any listener who had missed out on a prize due to their listening to his show. By the May 7 rating, the program went down to number 13 with a rating of 16.4. The lowest Hooperating the program received was a 7.9 in March 1949. During this time, \"Stop the Music\" was a top-ten rated program. Allen announced during the summer of 1949 that he would not return to radio the following fall due to health issues and on June 26, 1949, \"The Fred Allen Show\" ended for good. Ironically, his last guest was Jack Benny.", "The show began as a variety show with dramatizations and songs by guest stars. In 1940, the show became a star vehicle for Allen, with the show re-titled \"Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen\" and the program airing on October 2, 1940. Allen's previous sponsor, Bristol-Myers' Ipana toothpaste and Sal Hepatica laxative, decided to cease their tandem sponsorship of Allen's successful hour, first known as \"Town Hall Tonight\" and then, for its final season, \"The Fred Allen Show\". He presided over \"Texaco Star Theatre\" from 1940 to 1942 as an hour-long show on Wednesday and then Sunday nights, and from 1942\u20131944 as a half-hour show, until he withdrew from work for over a year on his doctor's advice. It was during the half-hour version of the show that the more cerebral (if barbed) Allen premiered the continuing comic sketch for which many remember him best: the ensemble, topical takeoffs of \"Allen's Alley\". Guests included some of the best comedic actors of the time, including Sam Levene. Though some believe the title \"Texaco Star Theatre\" was retired temporarily, in favor of \"Texaco Time\", after Allen scaled the show back to a half-hour, the show retained the \"Texaco Star Theatre\" title officially, the confusion likely stemming from the announcers' first words of introduction: \"It's Texaco time starring Fred Allen. \" They customarily continued the introduction, as the opening music continued, by referring to \"Texaco Star Theatre\". Jimmy Wallington became the show's announcer for most of its life with Allen as the feature (he succeeded George Burns and Gracie Allen", "ABC afforded Morgan his first exposure on television as host of a low-key variety series, \"On The Corner\", produced at affiliate station WFIL-TV in Philadelphia (ABC's New York station and production center was still under construction) and aired on the fledgling TV network as a summer series in 1948. True to his iconoclasm, he satirized his sponsors during the short run of that show as he had so often done on radio. Veteran radio announcer Ed Herlihy, a friend of Morgan, remembered him to radio historian Gerald Nachman (in \"Raised on Radio\"): \"He was ahead of his time, but he was also hurt by his own disposition. He was very difficult. He was so brilliant that he'd get exasperated and he'd sulk. He was a great mind who never achieved the success he should have.\" Nachman wrote of Morgan that he was radio's \"first true rebel because \u2014 like many comics who go for the jugular, from Lenny Bruce to Roseanne Barr \u2014 he didn't know when to quit.\" Morgan had his fans and his professional admirers, including authors Robert Benchley and James Thurber, fellow radio humorists Fred Allen, Jack Benny, and Fanny Brice, future \"Today Show\" host Dave Garroway, and Red Skelton. Morgan, for his part, claimed Allen as a primary influence; Allen often had Morgan as a guest on his own radio hit, including and especially the final \"Fred Allen Show\" in 1949, in a sketch that also featured Jack Benny. (\"If Fred Allen bit the hand that fed him,\" Nachman wrote, \"Henry Morgan tried to bite off the whole arm.\") Morgan's byline appeared in three 1950s issues of the similarly sardonic \"Mad\" magazine.", "\"The Fred Allen Show\" soon became a part of radio's \"most listened-to night of the week\". Also with Allen on Sunday nights included Jack Benny and Edgar Bergen. For the 1945\u201346 and 1947\u201348 radio seasons, both \"The Jack Benny Program\" and \"The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" preceded Allen on Sunday nights. \" The Chase and Sanborn Hour\" also, coincidentally, was sponsored by Standard Brands through their Chase and Sanborn Coffee division. During the show's third season in January 1949, Standard Brands dropped \"The Fred Allen Show\" mainly due to the high cost of production and talent for the program. The Ford Motor Company soon picked up the increased tab of $22,000 a week needed to produce the program. Fred Allen was noted for his battles with network officials during his radio years which often led to the censoring of a few moments to minutes of his show. These battles apparently date back to \"Town Hall Tonight\". To try to control this behavior, network officials began making Allen submit \"verbatim scripts\" prior to air for their approval. Oftentimes, network officials would make Allen delete or revise a joke here and there before approving the script for approval. In retaliation, Allen began inserting jokes in his script he had no intention of using on air as \"bargaining chips\" for the network, agreeing to cut certain jokes in exchange for others. In addition, Allen would often ad-lib material and since most radio programs in those days were broadcast live, with the exception of the occasional delay here and there, the audience would sometimes hear a bleep in place of a word or phrase. Such an incident happened in the night of the April 20, 1947 broadcast of \"The Fred Allen Show\"."], "answer": {"text": "Allen first hosted The Linit Bath Club Revue on CBS, moving the show to NBC and becoming The Salad Bowl Revue", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "answer": {"text": "The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "answer_start": 1485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the critics reactions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own.", "answer_start": 1396, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he host with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1940, Allen moved back to CBS Radio with a new sponsor and show name, Texaco Star Theater, airing every Wednesday at 9:00 pm ET on CBS,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_712b4ac7451d4a5fb8b4b9cb9fb76e4d_0_q#5", "question": "Did he ever receive any criticism?", "rewrite": "Did Fred Allen ever receive any criticism for his shows?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a finite graph that may have cycles, the transitive reduction is not unique: there may be more than one graph on the same vertex set that has a minimum number of edges and has the same reachability relation as the given graph. Additionally, it may be the case that none of these minimum graphs is a subgraph of the given graph. Nevertheless, it is straightforward to characterize the minimum graphs with the same reachability relation as the given graph \"G\". If \"G\" is an arbitrary directed graph, and \"H\" is a graph with the minimum possible number of edges having the same reachability relation as \"G\" , then \"H\" consists of The total number of edges in this type of transitive reduction is then equal to the number of edges in the transitive reduction of the condensation, plus the number of vertices in nontrivial strongly connected components (components with more than one vertex). The edges of the transitive reduction that correspond to condensation edges can always be chosen to be a subgraph of the given graph \"G\". However, the cycle within each strongly connected component can only be chosen to be a subgraph of \"G\" if that component has a Hamiltonian cycle, something that is not always true and is difficult to check. Because of this difficulty, it is NP-hard to find the smallest subgraph of a given graph \"G\" with the same reachability (its minimum equivalent graph). As Aho et al. show, when the time complexity of graph algorithms is measured only as a function of the number \"n\" of vertices in the graph, and not as a function of the number of edges, transitive closure and transitive reduction of directed acyclic graphs have the same complexity.", "That is, if there is a path from a vertex \"x\" to a vertex \"y\" in graph \"G\", there must also be a path from \"x\" to \"y\" in the transitive reduction of \"G\", and vice versa. The following image displays drawings of graphs corresponding to a non-transitive binary relation (on the left) and its transitive reduction (on the right). The transitive reduction of a finite directed acyclic graph \"G\" is unique, and consists of the edges of \"G\" that form the only path between their endpoints. In particular, it is always a subgraph of the given graph. For this reason, the transitive reduction coincides with the minimum equivalent graph in this case. In the mathematical theory of binary relations, any relation \"R\" on a set \"X\" may be thought of as a directed graph that has the set \"X\" as its vertex set and that has an arc \"xy\" for every ordered pair of elements that are related in \"R\". In particular, this method lets partially ordered sets be reinterpreted as directed acyclic graphs, in which there is an arc \"xy\" in the graph whenever there is an order relation \"x\" < \"y\" between the given pair of elements of the partial order. When the transitive reduction operation is applied to a directed acyclic graph that has been constructed in this way, it generates the covering relation of the partial order, which is frequently given visual expression by means of a Hasse diagram. Transitive reduction has been used on networks which can be represented as directed acyclic graphs (e.g. citation graphs or citation networks) to reveal structural differences between networks.", "The Fred Allen Show The Fred Allen Show was a popular and long-running American old-time radio comedy program starring comedian Fred Allen and his wife Portland Hoffa. Over the course of the program's 17-year run, it was sponsored by Linit Bath Soaps, Hellmann's, Ipana, Sal Hepatica, Texaco and Tenderleaf Tea. The program ended in 1949 under the sponsorship of the Ford Motor Company. The most popular period of the program was the few years of sponsorship under the Texaco Gas Company. During this time, the program was known as \"Texaco Star Theatre with Fred Allen\". On the December 6, 1942 episode of the program, Allen premiered his first in a series of segments known as \"Allen's Alley\". The segments would have Allen strolling through an imaginary neighborhood, knocking on the \"doors\" of various neighbors, including average-American John Doe (played by John Brown), Mrs. Nussbaum (Minerva Pious), pompous poet Falstaff Openshaw (Alan Reed), Titus Moody (Parker Fennelly), and boisterous southern senator Beauregard Claghorn (announcer Kenny Delmar). Texaco ended its sponsorship of the program in 1944. Some prominent guest stars on Allen's program over the years included Frank Sinatra, Orson Welles, Roy Rogers, Bela Lugosi, Ed Gardner, Norman Corwin and Edgar Bergen & Charlie McCarthy. The first version of \"The Fred Allen Show\" premiered under the title of The Linit Bath Club Revue on the Columbia Broadcasting System Sunday night October 23, 1932. According to his official website, Fred Allen had trouble from the beginning of it all with the program's sponsor, Linit bath soaps and with the advertising agency that supervised production.", "It had already been shown that transitive closure and multiplication of Boolean matrices of size \"n\" \u00d7 \"n\" had the same complexity as each other, so this result put transitive reduction into the same class. The fastest known exact algorithms for matrix multiplication, as of 2015, take time O(\"n\"), and this gives the fastest known worst-case time bound for transitive reduction in dense graphs. To prove that transitive reduction is as easy as transitive closure, Aho et al. rely on the already-known equivalence with Boolean matrix multiplication. They let \"A\" be the adjacency matrix of the given directed acyclic graph, and \"B\" be the adjacency matrix of its transitive closure (computed using any standard transitive closure algorithm). Then an edge \"uv\" belongs to the transitive reduction if and only if there is a nonzero entry in row \"u\" and column \"v\" of matrix \"A\", and there is a zero entry in the same position of the matrix product \"AB\". In this construction, the nonzero elements of the matrix \"AB\" represent pairs of vertices connected by paths of length two or more. To prove that transitive reduction is as hard as transitive closure, Aho et al. construct from a given directed acyclic graph \"G\" another graph \"H\", in which each vertex of \"G\" is replaced by a path of three vertices, and each edge of \"G\" corresponds to an edge in \"H\" connecting the corresponding middle vertices of these paths. In addition, in the graph \"H\", Aho et al. add an edge from every path start to every path end.", "Transitive reduction In mathematics, a transitive reduction of a directed graph \"D\" is another directed graph with the same vertices and as few edges as possible, such that if there is a (directed) path from vertex \"v\" to vertex \"w\" in \"D\", then there is also such a path in the reduction. Transitive reductions were introduced by , who provided tight bounds on the computational complexity of constructing them. More technically, the reduction is a directed graph that has the same reachability relation as \"D\". Equivalently, \"D\" and its transitive reduction should have the same transitive closure as each other, and its transitive reduction should have as few edges as possible among all graphs with this property. The transitive reduction of a finite directed acyclic graph (a directed graph without directed cycles) is unique and is a subgraph of the given graph. However, uniqueness fails for graphs with (directed) cycles, and for infinite graphs not even existence is guaranteed. The closely related concept of a minimum equivalent graph is a subgraph of \"D\" that has the same reachability relation and as few edges as possible. The difference is that a transitive reduction does not have to be a subgraph of \"D\". For finite directed acyclic graphs, the minimum equivalent graph is the same as the transitive reduction. However, for graphs that may contain cycles, minimum equivalent graphs are NP-hard to construct, while transitive reductions can be constructed in polynomial time. Transitive reduction can be defined for an abstract binary relation on a set, by interpreting the pairs of the relation as arcs in a directed graph. The transitive reduction of a finite directed graph \"G\" is a graph with the fewest possible edges that has the same reachability relation as the original graph."], "answer": {"text": "however, sponsor Bristol-Myers, which advertised Ipana toothpaste as well as Sal Hepatica during the program, altered the title to The Fred Allen Show, over his objections.", "answer_start": 361}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fred Allen's Town Hall Tonight?", "answer": {"text": "The show that became Town Hall Tonight was the longest-running hour-long comedy-based show in classic radio history.", "answer_start": 1485, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the critics reactions?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "!. Allen also did semi-satirical interpretations of well-known lives--including his own.", "answer_start": 1396, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he host with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1940, Allen moved back to CBS Radio with a new sponsor and show name, Texaco Star Theater, airing every Wednesday at 9:00 pm ET on CBS,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he host with any one?", "answer": {"text": "Allen first hosted The Linit Bath Club Revue on CBS, moving the show to NBC and becoming The Salad Bowl Revue", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a62c27413064b40817d0c62a56c3197_0_q#0", "question": "When did Arthur Irwin's career end?", "rewrite": "When did Arthur Irwin's career end?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Irwin (priest) Arthur Irwin (1797-1861) was a clergyman in the Church of Ireland during the nineteenth century. Irwin was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Dean of Ardfert from 1842 to 1861. A prebendary of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, he died on 7 February 1861.", "Costain encouraged literary pieces and artistic expressions and ran fiction by Robert W. Service, Lucy Maud Montgomery, and O. Henry; commentary by Stephen Leacock and illustrations by C. W. Jefferys, F. S. Coburn, and several Group of Seven members, including A. J. Casson, Arthur Lismer, and J. E. H. MacDonald. In 1919, the magazine moved from monthly to fortnightly publication and ran an expos\u00e9 of the drug trade by Emily Murphy. In 1925 the circulation of the magazine was 82,013 copies. Costain left the magazine to become a novelist and was replaced by J. Vernon Mackenzie who remained at the helm until 1926. During his tenure, \"Maclean's\" achieved national stature. After Mackenzie, H. Napier Moore became the new editor. An Englishman, he saw the magazine as an expression of Canada's role in the British Empire. Moore ultimately became a figurehead with the day-to-day running of the magazine falling to managing editor W. Arthur Irwin, a Canadian nationalist, who saw the magazine as an exercise in nation-building, giving it a mandate to promote national pride. Under Irwin's influence, the magazine's covers promoted Canadian scenery and imagery. The magazine also sponsored an annual short story contest on Canadian themes and acquired a sports department. Irwin was also responsible for orienting the magazine towards both small and big \"L\" Liberalism. During the Second World War, \"Maclean's\" ran an overseas edition for Canadian troops serving abroad. By the time of its final run in 1946, the \"bantam\" edition had a circulation of 800,000. \"Maclean's\" war coverage featured war photography by Yousuf Karsh, later an internationally acclaimed portrait photographer, and articles by war correspondents John Clare and Lionel Shapiro.", "The composition of these beams ensured that particles generated in the eye were below 500 MeV, which was considered the Cherenkov threshold, thereby allowing the researchers to separate one cause of the LF from the other. Observers viewed the neutron beam after being completely dark-adapted. The 3 MeV neutron beam produced no reporting of LF whether it was exposed to the observers through the front exposure of one eye or through the back of the head. With the 14 MeV neutron beam, however, LF were reported. Lasting for short periods of time, \"streaks\" were reported when the beam entered one eye from the front. The \"streaks\" seen had varying lengths (a maximum of 2 degrees of visual angle), and were seen to either have a blueish-white color or be colorless. All but one observer reported seeing fainter but a higher number of \"points\" or short lines in the center of visual field. When the beam entered both eyes in a lateral orientation, the number of streaks reported increased. The orientation of the streaks corresponded to the orientation of the beam entering the eye. Unlike in the previous case, the streaks seen were more abundant in the periphery than the center of visual field. Lastly, when the beam entered the back of the head, only one person reported seeing the LF. From these results, the researchers concluded that at least for the LF seen in this case, the flashes could not be due to Cherenkov radiation effects in the eye itself (although they did not rule out the possibility that the Cherenkov radiation explanation was applicable to the case of the astronauts).", "William Arthur Irwin William Arthur Irwin, often credited as W. Arthur Irwin (May 27, 1898 \u2013 August 9, 1999), was a Canadian journalist and diplomat. He is best known for his work on \"Maclean's\", a magazine with which he held various positions across a quarter of a century. He also served as the Commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and as Canadian high commissioner or ambassador to various countries. Irwin was born in Ayr, Ontario, on 27 May 1898 to Reverend Alexander J. Irwin and Amelia (Hassard). During the First World War he served abroad, before returning to Canada after the end of the conflict to attend the University of Toronto. While still attending the university he made his first steps into journalism, working at \"The Mail and Empire\" for $30 a week. He subsequently moved on to work for \"The Globe\", for which he worked until 1925 when he resigned following criticism from the paper's owner about a piece he had written during the 1925 federal election. The same year, he began working for \"Maclean's\". He was initially the magazine's associate editor, becoming the full editor in 1945, although even before this point he was regarded as being the driving force behind the publication. He is credited with having brought a new generation of Canadian artists and writers to prominence at \"Maclean's\", including Pierre Berton, June Callwood, Trent Frayne and Clyde Gilmour. Irwin was a Canadian nationalist, who believed his job at \"Maclean's\" was \"interpreting Canada to Canadians.\" In addition to his journalistic career in this period, during the 1930s he worked with the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. In the 1940s he also began working for the United Nations, an organisation with which he continued to be associated through to the 1960s.", "Arthur Irwin Dasent Arthur Irwin Dasent (8 May 1859 \u2013 21 November 1939) was a British civil servant, miscellaneous writer, and biographer of his uncle John Thadeus Delane. Arthur Irwin Dasent, the youngest son of Sir George Webbe Dasent, was born in 1859 in Westminster and educated at Eton. He entered the civil service and became a clerk in the House of Commons. From 1921 to 1929 he was the first Clerk of the Parliaments of Northern Ireland. He wrote several books on the history of parts of London and numerous articles for \"The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art\", \"The Spectator\", and similar periodicals. In 1901, he married Helen Augusta Essex Veronica, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Tippinge, Grenadier Guards, of Longparish House, Longparish, Hampshire; they had one son."], "answer": {"text": "In July 1907, Irwin resigned as manager of the Mountaineers after fans became disgruntled.", "answer_start": 80}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9a62c27413064b40817d0c62a56c3197_0_q#1", "question": "What team was he on when he was a player-manager?", "rewrite": "What team was Arthur Irwin on when he was a player-manager?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Irwin Dasent Arthur Irwin Dasent (8 May 1859 \u2013 21 November 1939) was a British civil servant, miscellaneous writer, and biographer of his uncle John Thadeus Delane. Arthur Irwin Dasent, the youngest son of Sir George Webbe Dasent, was born in 1859 in Westminster and educated at Eton. He entered the civil service and became a clerk in the House of Commons. From 1921 to 1929 he was the first Clerk of the Parliaments of Northern Ireland. He wrote several books on the history of parts of London and numerous articles for \"The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art\", \"The Spectator\", and similar periodicals. In 1901, he married Helen Augusta Essex Veronica, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Tippinge, Grenadier Guards, of Longparish House, Longparish, Hampshire; they had one son.", "The Cubs released Chance while he was hospitalized, and in January 1913, Chance signed a three-year contract with the Yankees, worth $120,000 ($ in current dollar terms), to serve as the Yankees' manager. He also played first base for the Yankees and served as field captain, though he played in no more than 12 games in a season. The Yankees sat in last place on the next-to-last day of the 1913 season, but won their final game to finish in seventh place. In 1914, Chance named Roger Peckinpaugh the Yankees' new captain. After struggling during the 1914 season, Chance criticized the talent brought to him by Yankees scout Arthur Irwin. After repeatedly seeking to have Irwin fired, he offered his resignation from the team late in the season on the condition that he still was to receive his 1915 salary. After this was accepted by team owner Frank J. Farrell, Chance resigned with three weeks remaining in the season, and Peckinpaugh served as player\u2013manager for the remainder of the season. Chance returned to his native California, and was named manager of the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League in 1916. Chance won the league championship in 1916. He re-signed with the Angels for the 1917 season and was also granted a part ownership in the Angels from the majority owner, John F. Powers. Powers and Chance remained good friends for the rest of his life. He resigned during the 1917 season due to his declining health. He then served as president of the California Winter League, continuing to instill discipline in players: he fined Ty Cobb for \"abusing an umpire\". Chance managed the Boston Red Sox in 1923. The Red Sox did not retain Chance after the season.", "William Arthur Irwin William Arthur Irwin, often credited as W. Arthur Irwin (May 27, 1898 \u2013 August 9, 1999), was a Canadian journalist and diplomat. He is best known for his work on \"Maclean's\", a magazine with which he held various positions across a quarter of a century. He also served as the Commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and as Canadian high commissioner or ambassador to various countries. Irwin was born in Ayr, Ontario, on 27 May 1898 to Reverend Alexander J. Irwin and Amelia (Hassard). During the First World War he served abroad, before returning to Canada after the end of the conflict to attend the University of Toronto. While still attending the university he made his first steps into journalism, working at \"The Mail and Empire\" for $30 a week. He subsequently moved on to work for \"The Globe\", for which he worked until 1925 when he resigned following criticism from the paper's owner about a piece he had written during the 1925 federal election. The same year, he began working for \"Maclean's\". He was initially the magazine's associate editor, becoming the full editor in 1945, although even before this point he was regarded as being the driving force behind the publication. He is credited with having brought a new generation of Canadian artists and writers to prominence at \"Maclean's\", including Pierre Berton, June Callwood, Trent Frayne and Clyde Gilmour. Irwin was a Canadian nationalist, who believed his job at \"Maclean's\" was \"interpreting Canada to Canadians.\" In addition to his journalistic career in this period, during the 1930s he worked with the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. In the 1940s he also began working for the United Nations, an organisation with which he continued to be associated through to the 1960s.", "List of Washington Senators ( 1891\u20131899) managers The Washington Senators were a Major League Baseball team that played in Washington, D.C.. They played in the American Association when it was considered a major league in 1891 and in the National League from 1892 through 1899, after which the team was eliminated when the National League contracted from twelve teams to eight teams. In their inaugural season, they played as the Washington Statesmen. During their time as a Major League team, the Senators employed 12 managers. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field. The Senators first manager was Sam Trott. Trott managed the Senators for 12 games before being replaced by Pop Snyder. Gus Schmelz holds the Senators' record for most games managed (434), managerial wins (155) and managerial losses (270). Tom Brown and Jack Doyle share the Senators' record for highest winning percentage as manager, with .471. Billy Barnie, who didn't win either of the two games he managed, holds the Senators' record for fewest wins. Arthur Irwin is the only Senators manager who served more than a single term. Irwin was one of three managers the Senators employed in its first National League season of 1892, and also the last Senators manager. In total, Irwin managed 293 games for the Senators, with 110 wins and 177 losses for a winning percentage of .383. Jim O'Rourke is the only Senators manager to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "Arthur Irwin (priest) Arthur Irwin (1797-1861) was a clergyman in the Church of Ireland during the nineteenth century. Irwin was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Dean of Ardfert from 1842 to 1861. A prebendary of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, he died on 7 February 1861."], "answer": {"text": "Irwin coached at the University of Pennsylvania between 1893 and 1895, and managed the Philadelphia major league club during those last two seasons.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Arthur Irwin's career end?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1907, Irwin resigned as manager of the Mountaineers after fans became disgruntled.", "answer_start": 80, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a62c27413064b40817d0c62a56c3197_0_q#2", "question": "What team did he play for in 1886?", "rewrite": "What team did Arthur Irwin play for in 1886?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Irwin (priest) Arthur Irwin (1797-1861) was a clergyman in the Church of Ireland during the nineteenth century. Irwin was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Dean of Ardfert from 1842 to 1861. A prebendary of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, he died on 7 February 1861.", "List of Washington Senators ( 1891\u20131899) managers The Washington Senators were a Major League Baseball team that played in Washington, D.C.. They played in the American Association when it was considered a major league in 1891 and in the National League from 1892 through 1899, after which the team was eliminated when the National League contracted from twelve teams to eight teams. In their inaugural season, they played as the Washington Statesmen. During their time as a Major League team, the Senators employed 12 managers. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field. The Senators first manager was Sam Trott. Trott managed the Senators for 12 games before being replaced by Pop Snyder. Gus Schmelz holds the Senators' record for most games managed (434), managerial wins (155) and managerial losses (270). Tom Brown and Jack Doyle share the Senators' record for highest winning percentage as manager, with .471. Billy Barnie, who didn't win either of the two games he managed, holds the Senators' record for fewest wins. Arthur Irwin is the only Senators manager who served more than a single term. Irwin was one of three managers the Senators employed in its first National League season of 1892, and also the last Senators manager. In total, Irwin managed 293 games for the Senators, with 110 wins and 177 losses for a winning percentage of .383. Jim O'Rourke is the only Senators manager to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "Arthur Irwin Dasent Arthur Irwin Dasent (8 May 1859 \u2013 21 November 1939) was a British civil servant, miscellaneous writer, and biographer of his uncle John Thadeus Delane. Arthur Irwin Dasent, the youngest son of Sir George Webbe Dasent, was born in 1859 in Westminster and educated at Eton. He entered the civil service and became a clerk in the House of Commons. From 1921 to 1929 he was the first Clerk of the Parliaments of Northern Ireland. He wrote several books on the history of parts of London and numerous articles for \"The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art\", \"The Spectator\", and similar periodicals. In 1901, he married Helen Augusta Essex Veronica, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Tippinge, Grenadier Guards, of Longparish House, Longparish, Hampshire; they had one son.", "William Arthur Irwin William Arthur Irwin, often credited as W. Arthur Irwin (May 27, 1898 \u2013 August 9, 1999), was a Canadian journalist and diplomat. He is best known for his work on \"Maclean's\", a magazine with which he held various positions across a quarter of a century. He also served as the Commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and as Canadian high commissioner or ambassador to various countries. Irwin was born in Ayr, Ontario, on 27 May 1898 to Reverend Alexander J. Irwin and Amelia (Hassard). During the First World War he served abroad, before returning to Canada after the end of the conflict to attend the University of Toronto. While still attending the university he made his first steps into journalism, working at \"The Mail and Empire\" for $30 a week. He subsequently moved on to work for \"The Globe\", for which he worked until 1925 when he resigned following criticism from the paper's owner about a piece he had written during the 1925 federal election. The same year, he began working for \"Maclean's\". He was initially the magazine's associate editor, becoming the full editor in 1945, although even before this point he was regarded as being the driving force behind the publication. He is credited with having brought a new generation of Canadian artists and writers to prominence at \"Maclean's\", including Pierre Berton, June Callwood, Trent Frayne and Clyde Gilmour. Irwin was a Canadian nationalist, who believed his job at \"Maclean's\" was \"interpreting Canada to Canadians.\" In addition to his journalistic career in this period, during the 1930s he worked with the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. In the 1940s he also began working for the United Nations, an organisation with which he continued to be associated through to the 1960s.", "Costain encouraged literary pieces and artistic expressions and ran fiction by Robert W. Service, Lucy Maud Montgomery, and O. Henry; commentary by Stephen Leacock and illustrations by C. W. Jefferys, F. S. Coburn, and several Group of Seven members, including A. J. Casson, Arthur Lismer, and J. E. H. MacDonald. In 1919, the magazine moved from monthly to fortnightly publication and ran an expos\u00e9 of the drug trade by Emily Murphy. In 1925 the circulation of the magazine was 82,013 copies. Costain left the magazine to become a novelist and was replaced by J. Vernon Mackenzie who remained at the helm until 1926. During his tenure, \"Maclean's\" achieved national stature. After Mackenzie, H. Napier Moore became the new editor. An Englishman, he saw the magazine as an expression of Canada's role in the British Empire. Moore ultimately became a figurehead with the day-to-day running of the magazine falling to managing editor W. Arthur Irwin, a Canadian nationalist, who saw the magazine as an exercise in nation-building, giving it a mandate to promote national pride. Under Irwin's influence, the magazine's covers promoted Canadian scenery and imagery. The magazine also sponsored an annual short story contest on Canadian themes and acquired a sports department. Irwin was also responsible for orienting the magazine towards both small and big \"L\" Liberalism. During the Second World War, \"Maclean's\" ran an overseas edition for Canadian troops serving abroad. By the time of its final run in 1946, the \"bantam\" edition had a circulation of 800,000. \"Maclean's\" war coverage featured war photography by Yousuf Karsh, later an internationally acclaimed portrait photographer, and articles by war correspondents John Clare and Lionel Shapiro."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Arthur Irwin's career end?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1907, Irwin resigned as manager of the Mountaineers after fans became disgruntled.", "answer_start": 80, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What team was he on when he was a player-manager?", "answer": {"text": "Irwin coached at the University of Pennsylvania between 1893 and 1895, and managed the Philadelphia major league club during those last two seasons.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a62c27413064b40817d0c62a56c3197_0_q#3", "question": "When was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Arthur Irwin born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Arthur Irwin William Arthur Irwin, often credited as W. Arthur Irwin (May 27, 1898 \u2013 August 9, 1999), was a Canadian journalist and diplomat. He is best known for his work on \"Maclean's\", a magazine with which he held various positions across a quarter of a century. He also served as the Commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and as Canadian high commissioner or ambassador to various countries. Irwin was born in Ayr, Ontario, on 27 May 1898 to Reverend Alexander J. Irwin and Amelia (Hassard). During the First World War he served abroad, before returning to Canada after the end of the conflict to attend the University of Toronto. While still attending the university he made his first steps into journalism, working at \"The Mail and Empire\" for $30 a week. He subsequently moved on to work for \"The Globe\", for which he worked until 1925 when he resigned following criticism from the paper's owner about a piece he had written during the 1925 federal election. The same year, he began working for \"Maclean's\". He was initially the magazine's associate editor, becoming the full editor in 1945, although even before this point he was regarded as being the driving force behind the publication. He is credited with having brought a new generation of Canadian artists and writers to prominence at \"Maclean's\", including Pierre Berton, June Callwood, Trent Frayne and Clyde Gilmour. Irwin was a Canadian nationalist, who believed his job at \"Maclean's\" was \"interpreting Canada to Canadians.\" In addition to his journalistic career in this period, during the 1930s he worked with the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. In the 1940s he also began working for the United Nations, an organisation with which he continued to be associated through to the 1960s.", "Hjemkomst Center The Heritage Hjemkomst Interpretive Center, commonly known as the Hjemkomst Center, is a museum in Moorhead, Minnesota. Hjemkomst Center first opened in 1985 and serves as a home to \"Hjemkomst\" Viking Ship, Hopperstad Stave Church replica, quarterly museum exhibits, and county archives. In 2009, the Clay County Historical Society (which was founded in 1932) and the Heritage Hjemkomst Interpretive Center merged to form the Historical and Cultural Society of Clay County. \"Hjemkomst\", which means \"Homecoming\" in Norwegian, is a replica Viking ship that is permanently housed in the center of the museum. The ship is a full-scale replica of the Gokstad Viking ship that was discovered in Norway in 1880. The idea for building \"Hjemkomst\" was that of Robert Asp (1923\u20131980), a guidance counselor at Moorhead Junior High School. Construction on \"Hjemkomst\" began in 1974 at the Leslie Welter Potato Warehouse in Hawley, Minnesota. The warehouse site was then transformed into the Hawley Shipyard during the construction. That same year, Asp became diagnosed with leukemia; however he still continued to build the ship; he had help from other volunteers. In July 1980 the Hawley Shipyard was torn down for the removal and christening of the completed ship. \" Hjemkomst\" was shipped overnight to Duluth, Minnesota, on August 5, 1980. Asp held the rank as captain during the ship's maiden voyage throughout Lake Superior until his death four months later on December 27, 1980.", "Costain encouraged literary pieces and artistic expressions and ran fiction by Robert W. Service, Lucy Maud Montgomery, and O. Henry; commentary by Stephen Leacock and illustrations by C. W. Jefferys, F. S. Coburn, and several Group of Seven members, including A. J. Casson, Arthur Lismer, and J. E. H. MacDonald. In 1919, the magazine moved from monthly to fortnightly publication and ran an expos\u00e9 of the drug trade by Emily Murphy. In 1925 the circulation of the magazine was 82,013 copies. Costain left the magazine to become a novelist and was replaced by J. Vernon Mackenzie who remained at the helm until 1926. During his tenure, \"Maclean's\" achieved national stature. After Mackenzie, H. Napier Moore became the new editor. An Englishman, he saw the magazine as an expression of Canada's role in the British Empire. Moore ultimately became a figurehead with the day-to-day running of the magazine falling to managing editor W. Arthur Irwin, a Canadian nationalist, who saw the magazine as an exercise in nation-building, giving it a mandate to promote national pride. Under Irwin's influence, the magazine's covers promoted Canadian scenery and imagery. The magazine also sponsored an annual short story contest on Canadian themes and acquired a sports department. Irwin was also responsible for orienting the magazine towards both small and big \"L\" Liberalism. During the Second World War, \"Maclean's\" ran an overseas edition for Canadian troops serving abroad. By the time of its final run in 1946, the \"bantam\" edition had a circulation of 800,000. \"Maclean's\" war coverage featured war photography by Yousuf Karsh, later an internationally acclaimed portrait photographer, and articles by war correspondents John Clare and Lionel Shapiro.", "Arthur Irwin (priest) Arthur Irwin (1797-1861) was a clergyman in the Church of Ireland during the nineteenth century. Irwin was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Dean of Ardfert from 1842 to 1861. A prebendary of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, he died on 7 February 1861.", "Arthur Irwin Dasent Arthur Irwin Dasent (8 May 1859 \u2013 21 November 1939) was a British civil servant, miscellaneous writer, and biographer of his uncle John Thadeus Delane. Arthur Irwin Dasent, the youngest son of Sir George Webbe Dasent, was born in 1859 in Westminster and educated at Eton. He entered the civil service and became a clerk in the House of Commons. From 1921 to 1929 he was the first Clerk of the Parliaments of Northern Ireland. He wrote several books on the history of parts of London and numerous articles for \"The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art\", \"The Spectator\", and similar periodicals. In 1901, he married Helen Augusta Essex Veronica, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Tippinge, Grenadier Guards, of Longparish House, Longparish, Hampshire; they had one son."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Arthur Irwin's career end?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1907, Irwin resigned as manager of the Mountaineers after fans became disgruntled.", "answer_start": 80, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What team was he on when he was a player-manager?", "answer": {"text": "Irwin coached at the University of Pennsylvania between 1893 and 1895, and managed the Philadelphia major league club during those last two seasons.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did he play for in 1886?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a62c27413064b40817d0c62a56c3197_0_q#4", "question": "Where did he attend school?", "rewrite": "Where did Arthur Irwin attend school?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arthur Irwin Dasent Arthur Irwin Dasent (8 May 1859 \u2013 21 November 1939) was a British civil servant, miscellaneous writer, and biographer of his uncle John Thadeus Delane. Arthur Irwin Dasent, the youngest son of Sir George Webbe Dasent, was born in 1859 in Westminster and educated at Eton. He entered the civil service and became a clerk in the House of Commons. From 1921 to 1929 he was the first Clerk of the Parliaments of Northern Ireland. He wrote several books on the history of parts of London and numerous articles for \"The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art\", \"The Spectator\", and similar periodicals. In 1901, he married Helen Augusta Essex Veronica, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Tippinge, Grenadier Guards, of Longparish House, Longparish, Hampshire; they had one son.", "William Arthur Irwin William Arthur Irwin, often credited as W. Arthur Irwin (May 27, 1898 \u2013 August 9, 1999), was a Canadian journalist and diplomat. He is best known for his work on \"Maclean's\", a magazine with which he held various positions across a quarter of a century. He also served as the Commissioner of the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and as Canadian high commissioner or ambassador to various countries. Irwin was born in Ayr, Ontario, on 27 May 1898 to Reverend Alexander J. Irwin and Amelia (Hassard). During the First World War he served abroad, before returning to Canada after the end of the conflict to attend the University of Toronto. While still attending the university he made his first steps into journalism, working at \"The Mail and Empire\" for $30 a week. He subsequently moved on to work for \"The Globe\", for which he worked until 1925 when he resigned following criticism from the paper's owner about a piece he had written during the 1925 federal election. The same year, he began working for \"Maclean's\". He was initially the magazine's associate editor, becoming the full editor in 1945, although even before this point he was regarded as being the driving force behind the publication. He is credited with having brought a new generation of Canadian artists and writers to prominence at \"Maclean's\", including Pierre Berton, June Callwood, Trent Frayne and Clyde Gilmour. Irwin was a Canadian nationalist, who believed his job at \"Maclean's\" was \"interpreting Canada to Canadians.\" In addition to his journalistic career in this period, during the 1930s he worked with the Canadian Institute of International Affairs. In the 1940s he also began working for the United Nations, an organisation with which he continued to be associated through to the 1960s.", "Arthur Irwin (priest) Arthur Irwin (1797-1861) was a clergyman in the Church of Ireland during the nineteenth century. Irwin was educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He was Dean of Ardfert from 1842 to 1861. A prebendary of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, he died on 7 February 1861.", "List of Washington Senators ( 1891\u20131899) managers The Washington Senators were a Major League Baseball team that played in Washington, D.C.. They played in the American Association when it was considered a major league in 1891 and in the National League from 1892 through 1899, after which the team was eliminated when the National League contracted from twelve teams to eight teams. In their inaugural season, they played as the Washington Statesmen. During their time as a Major League team, the Senators employed 12 managers. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field. The Senators first manager was Sam Trott. Trott managed the Senators for 12 games before being replaced by Pop Snyder. Gus Schmelz holds the Senators' record for most games managed (434), managerial wins (155) and managerial losses (270). Tom Brown and Jack Doyle share the Senators' record for highest winning percentage as manager, with .471. Billy Barnie, who didn't win either of the two games he managed, holds the Senators' record for fewest wins. Arthur Irwin is the only Senators manager who served more than a single term. Irwin was one of three managers the Senators employed in its first National League season of 1892, and also the last Senators manager. In total, Irwin managed 293 games for the Senators, with 110 wins and 177 losses for a winning percentage of .383. Jim O'Rourke is the only Senators manager to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.", "Costain encouraged literary pieces and artistic expressions and ran fiction by Robert W. Service, Lucy Maud Montgomery, and O. Henry; commentary by Stephen Leacock and illustrations by C. W. Jefferys, F. S. Coburn, and several Group of Seven members, including A. J. Casson, Arthur Lismer, and J. E. H. MacDonald. In 1919, the magazine moved from monthly to fortnightly publication and ran an expos\u00e9 of the drug trade by Emily Murphy. In 1925 the circulation of the magazine was 82,013 copies. Costain left the magazine to become a novelist and was replaced by J. Vernon Mackenzie who remained at the helm until 1926. During his tenure, \"Maclean's\" achieved national stature. After Mackenzie, H. Napier Moore became the new editor. An Englishman, he saw the magazine as an expression of Canada's role in the British Empire. Moore ultimately became a figurehead with the day-to-day running of the magazine falling to managing editor W. Arthur Irwin, a Canadian nationalist, who saw the magazine as an exercise in nation-building, giving it a mandate to promote national pride. Under Irwin's influence, the magazine's covers promoted Canadian scenery and imagery. The magazine also sponsored an annual short story contest on Canadian themes and acquired a sports department. Irwin was also responsible for orienting the magazine towards both small and big \"L\" Liberalism. During the Second World War, \"Maclean's\" ran an overseas edition for Canadian troops serving abroad. By the time of its final run in 1946, the \"bantam\" edition had a circulation of 800,000. \"Maclean's\" war coverage featured war photography by Yousuf Karsh, later an internationally acclaimed portrait photographer, and articles by war correspondents John Clare and Lionel Shapiro."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Arthur Irwin's career end?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1907, Irwin resigned as manager of the Mountaineers after fans became disgruntled.", "answer_start": 80, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What team was he on when he was a player-manager?", "answer": {"text": "Irwin coached at the University of Pennsylvania between 1893 and 1895, and managed the Philadelphia major league club during those last two seasons.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did he play for in 1886?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#0", "question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "rewrite": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reg Race Denys Alan Reginald Race (born 23 June 1947) is a British Labour politician. He unsuccessfully contested the Conservative-held constituency of Ruislip-Northwood at the February 1974 general election and again at the October 1974 general election. At the 1979 general election, Race was elected as Member of Parliament for the Wood Green constituency in the London Borough of Haringey. The constituency was abolished for the 1983 general election. In 1982, Race became the first MP ever to utter the word \"fuck\" on the floor of the House when referring to advertisements for prostitutes reading \"Phone them and fuck them\". \" Hansard\" recorded it as \"f * * * them\", but the Speaker deprecated even that version. In 1990 Race created a group called Labour Party Socialists with Jeremy Corbyn and Tony Benn. For the 2001 general election, Race was selected as the Labour Party candidate for Chesterfield following the retirement of their long-serving MP, Tony Benn. Race finished in second place to the Liberal Democrat candidate Paul Holmes. Since 2001, Race has been owner and Managing Director of a healthcare management consultancy based in Chesterfield. He backed Alan Johnson in the 2007 Labour deputy leadership election. Race has donated nearly \u00a350,000 to the Labour Party. Race was involved in the creation of the 'Saving Labour' campaign website, intended to encourage members of the public to email Labour MPs to urge them not to back Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour leadership election, and to encourage them to register as \u00a325 Labour supporters, enabling them to vote for a different party leader.", "Superpole  Superpole for Superbike is a timed event to establish starting positions for motorcycle racers in World Superbike races. For 2019 a World Superbike weekend typically consists of:  Friday \u2013 Free Practice Saturday \u2013 Free Practice, Superpole, WorldSBK Race 1, WorldSSP300 Last Chance Race Sunday \u2013 Warm-up, WorldSBK Superpole Race, World SSP Race, WorldSBK Race 2, WorldSSP300 Race  1. The final results of the Superpole decide the grid for WorldSBK Race One and Sunday\u00b4s (sprint) Superpole Race. 2. The top six finishers of the \u201clast chance race\u201d take the final six spots of the WorldSSP300 race starting grid. 3. The grid for WorldSBK Race 2 will be determined from the first nine positions in the Superpole Race, and the grid from 10th onwards will be the positions from Saturday's Superpole. The format of Superpole depends on weather conditions. If the race director declares a 'dry' Superpole (referring to the weather conditions) then Superpole will consist of 3 laps of the circuit. Riders start one by one in reverse qualifying order. Grid position for the races will be determined by each rider's fastest single lap time. If Superpole is declared 'wet,' Superpole will consist of 50 minutes of timed laps, for all 15 riders together, during which a rider may complete up to 12 laps (including in and out laps). Grid position for the races will be determined by each rider's fastest single lap time. For each lap over 12 laps completed, the rider's best lap time will be cancelled. To qualify for the race, riders must record a lap time no longer than 107% of the time recorded by the pole-position rider. Qualifying tires may be used.", "1983 NASCAR Winston Cup Series The 1983 NASCAR Winston Cup Season is the 35th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 12th modern-era Cup series season. The season began on Sunday February 20 and ended on Sunday November 20. Bobby Allison was Winston Cup champion at the end of the season finishing 47 points ahead of Darrell Waltrip. Sterling Marlin was named NASCAR Rookie of the Year. Speedweeks 1983 Race 1: Daytona 500  Race 2: Richmond 400  Race 3: Hodgdon Carolina 500 Race 4: Coca-Cola 500 Race 5: TranSouth 500  Race 6: Northwestern Bank 400  Race 7: Virginia National Bank 500 Race 8: Winston 500  Race 9: Marty Robbins 420 Race 10: Mason-Dixon 500  Race 11: Valleydale 500 Race 12: World 600 Race 13: Budweiser 400  Race 14: Van Scoy 500 Race 15: Gabriel 400 Race 16: Firecracker 400  Race 17: Busch National 420 Race 18: Like Cola 500  Race 19: Talladega 500  Race 20: Champion Spark Plug 400 Race 21: Busch 500 Race 22: Southern 500  Race 23: Wrangler SanforSet 400 Race 24: Budweiser 500  Race 25: Goody's 500 Race 26: Holly Farms 400 Race 27: Miller High Life 500 Race 28: Hodgdon American 500 Race 29: Atlanta Journal 500 Race 30: Winston Western 500 () Bold \u2013 Pole position awarded by time. \"Italics\" \u2013 Pole position set by final practice results or 1982 Owner's points. * \u2013 Most laps led.<br>", "The name of the race came from the Bellingham slogan of \"Sea to Ski in Sixty Minutes\", referring to the proximity of Mount Baker's ski slopes to Bellingham, which sits on a bay of the Strait of Georgia. The first official Ski to Sea race premiered 1973 as a side event to \"Blossom Time\". The first race had 177 people racing in a total of fifty teams. During the first four years, the legs of the race were run separately, and their times added up to produce a total team time; this left racers and spectators waiting several hours after the race concluded to find out who had won. Since 1977 the race has been a continuous event, with the exception of 2008 when the canoe leg was cancelled because of unsafe river conditions. By 1977, the Ski to Sea Race had become so popular that the entire Blossom Time festival was renamed Blossom Time Ski to Sea. Six years later, \"Blossom Time\" was removed and the event became known simply as the Ski to Sea. Even the parade was renamed the Ski to Sea Parade. Today the Ski to Sea is considered an entire weekend-long event that is centered on the race. More than 300 teams with over two thousand racers participate in the race. Tens of thousands of spectators gather along the sidelines to watch and participate in events throughout Bellingham, Ferndale and Fairhaven near the finish line at Marine Park. The original letter written by Fred Elsethagen recommended nine events: skiing, mountaineering, canoeing, kayaking, horseback riding, water skiing, running, fishing boat and sailboat. Over the years all but four (mountaineering, horse back riding, fishing boat, waterskiing) of these events have been used, and only one not recommended (bicycling) has been added. When the Ski to Sea debuted in 1973, the race covered in three legs:", "In 2004, Nextel, predecessor to Sprint, added a vote of race spectators, internet users and Sprint cellphone users to add one additional driver not in the field, but in the Showdown, and finishing on the lead lap, to the final starting field. Starting in 2008, the event's name featured the use of the edition of the race in Roman numerals, with the 2008 race's official name the \"Sprint All-Star Race XXIV\". Also, the fan entry driver was changed, with the new formula coming from those attending races up to that point, Sprint retail locations and double votes from Sprint subscribers. In 2014, the Showdown race was moved to the night preceding the All-Star Race. To replace the event, Charlotte Motor Speedway president, Marcus Smith announced that qualifying for the All-Star Race will take place shortly before the main event. The twelve race winners from the 1984 season participated in the inaugural running of \"The Winston\" at Charlotte Motor Speedway. The race was 70 laps with one pit stop required. It was held the day before the Coca-Cola 600. A $10,000 bonus was paid to the leader of Lap 20 for leading that lap. Terry Labonte won that bonus. From its first year, the unique moniker \"The Winston\" was adopted by sponsor R. J. Reynolds. Rather than referring to the event as a traditional \"All star\" race, no generic reference was included in the title. Due to limitations on television tobacco advertising, other races which involved tobacco title sponsorship utilized generic names on network television. For example, on ABC, the Winston 500 was called the \"Talladega 500\" and the Marlboro 500 was called the \"Michigan 500. \" Without a generic alternative, television and other media were forced to acknowledge Winston as the title sponsor, effectively skirting, and pushing the limits of tobacco advertising regulation."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#1", "question": "What happened in 1997?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1997 with Safran?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Safran Helicopter Engines Safran Helicopter Engines, previously known as Turbomeca, is a French manufacturer of low- and medium-power gas turbine turboshaft engines for helicopters. The company also produces gas turbine engines for aircraft and missiles, as well as turbines for land, industrial and marine applications. SNECMA Group acquired the company in September 2001. Safran Helicopter Engines has 6,300 employees worldwide, with 5000 based in France. In 2015, they produced and delivered 718 new engines, and repaired around 1700 engines. Since its foundation in 1938, Safran Helicopter Engines has produced over 72,000 turbines. The company has more than 2,500 customers in 155 countries. Safran Helicopter Engines has 15 sites and operates on each continent, providing its customers with a proximity service through 44 distributors and certified maintenance centers, 18 Repair & Overhaul Centers, and 90 Field Representatives and Field Technicians. Safran Helicopter Engines subsidiary Safran Power Units is the leading European manufacturer of turbojet engines for missiles, drones and auxiliary power units. Safran Helicopter Engines was founded on August 29, 1938 by Joseph Szydlowski and Andr\u00e9 Planiol following the granting of their patent application for a supercharger in 1937. Hispano-Suiza ordered a demonstrator to equip its 12 Y engine, used among others on the MS 405 C1. Safran Helicopter Engines changed rapidly from an artisanal production to an industrial one benefiting from the politics of re-armament. This is shown by the production figures of the following three years: 18 compressor in , 300 in and 1200 in . Although the factory at M\u00e9zi\u00e8res-sur-Seine was only really operational in June 1940, the government advised the move to the south of France due to the German advance.", "Scott Safran Scott Safran (August 19, 1967 \u2013 March 27, 1989) was an American video gamer noted for setting the world record score, which stood for 27 years, on the arcade game \"Asteroids\". Safran was born to Mitch and Frann Safran in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. As a teenager, he became interested in baseball, guitars, the Grateful Dead, and eventually arcade games. He was determined to break a world record on an arcade game, finally settling on \"Asteroids\". He practiced throughout 1981 and for much of 1982, and was eventually able to carry a single game for nearly 20 hours at his local 7-Eleven convenience store, his first attempt to beat the existing world record. On November 13, 1982, at All-American Billiard Co. in Newtown, Pennsylvania, he again attempted to set a new world record for a single game of \"Asteroids\" and he succeeded. The game lasted approximately 60 hours. His final score was 41,336,440. Safran graduated from Cherry Hill High School West in 1985 and moved to an apartment in Los Angeles, California in 1987. On March 27, 1989, Safran died after falling three stories while trying to rescue his cat, Samson, from a ledge of his apartment building. Unaware of Safran's death, Walter Day, an arcade referee who led Twin Galaxies, the official arcade scoreboard of the world, operating in Fairfield, Iowa, attempted to track down Safran in 1998 following the re-release of \"Asteroids\". Day could not locate Safran, and asked newspapers and radios to ask people to help find him. Day personally offered a thousand dollars to whoever could locate Safran. Eventually, in April 2002, Day made contact with Safran's sister, Marci, and learned of Safran's death.", "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran. One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998. It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show A Current Affair, where Safran harassed him in the style characteristic of A Current Affair by sorting through his bin, which was later satirised by comedian Shaun Micallef. Ray Martin had set-up members of the Paxton family. Safran and one of the victims, Shane Paxton, turned up to Ray Martin's home. Martin and his wife Dianne physically threatened Safran. Martin's wife ripped apart Safran's Papier Mache hat and Ray grabbed Safran by the collar, prompting Shane Paxton to intervene. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he's spoken to Roger Grant the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. Martin's connection with this executive at the ABC is suspected to be a reason the series never made it to air. The Ray Martin segment was later played on Media Watch, John Safran: The Lost Pilot and on Youtube. In 2014, Martin still appeared bitter about the incident, calling Safran a \"serial pest\". The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef. This pilot focused on the food industry. Notably it featured a cooking segment where Safran prepared a beef dish. The twist comes when he arrives in an abattoir and shows detailed footage of cows being slaughtered to complete the dish. Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students.", "John Safran's Race Relations John Safran's Race Relations is an Australian comedy documentary television series by John Safran broadcast on ABC1 in 2009. The eight-part series is about cross-cultural, interracial and interfaith love. His globetrotting takes him to Palestine, the Philippines, Togo, Japan, Thailand, UK, Israel, Netherlands, the United States. Episode 1 saw Safran travelling to Israel where his Palestinian boom mic operator made a donation to a sperm bank, then to the West Bank where a donation to a clinic was made by John, in an attempt to make half Jewish half Palestinian children - a \"Jalestinian\" Noting that he has dated three Eurasian women, Safran conducts an experiment by stealing and smelling the underwear of five Jewish and five Eurasian women (including Nicole Scherzinger of the Pussycat Dolls and actress Dichen Lachman) to see which he \"prefers\". Inspired by the 1961 book Black Like Me, Safran travels the streets of Chicago after undergoing makeup that makes him appear black. He interviews some militants, preaches at a predominantly black church and confronts people for using the word \"nigger\". After former Muslim terrorist Walid Shoebat tells Safran that his hatred of Jews was quashed after watching \"Fiddler on the Roof\" 300 times, Safran heads to the Palestinian territories, where he attempts to \"de-brainwash\" representatives of Fatah and Hamas by performing \"If I Were a Rich Man\" for them. Satisfied with their positive response, Safran performs the song on a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation talk show. Safran attempts to rid himself of Jewish guilt about inter-racial relationships by flying a \"shiksa\" (non-Jewish woman) to Amsterdam, where he asks her to make out with him in Anne Frank's attic.", "The Loft Live The Loft Live was a weekly live variety hour television program produced by RMITV that broadcast on C31 Melbourne. The cast included Rove McManus (1997-1999), Scott Brennan, Peter Helliar, Adam Richard, Myf Warhurst, Ged Wood, Bert Kennedy, Kim Hope, Matilda Donaldson, Bernie Carr and special reporters . Like its predecessor Under Melbourne Tonight The Loft Live provided a platform for up and coming talent airtime and gained a following between 50,000-100,000 viewers a week. Guests on the show included Larry Emdur, Livinia Nixon, John Brumby, Nadine Garner, Judith Lucy Jeremy Sims, Neville Stonehouse, Dylan Lewis, Francis Leach, John Safran, Edwin Maher In 2004, John Safran vs God Episode 1 featured footage from The Loft Live John Safran vs God Episode 1 follows the plot that John Safran had appeared on The Loft Live with Rove McManus in 1997 after gaining popularity on the ABC TV show Race Around the World. After the taping of the episode of The Loft Rove promised Safran that \"If I ever can do anything for you ever, just ask\". Five years later in 2002 Safran's career had taken a beating after termination of his pilot commissioned by the ABC for an altercation he had with Ray Martin during the filming John Safran: Media Tycoon. By this stage, Rove was already at the top of Australian TV. Wanting to gain publicity for his new SBS show John Safran's Music Jamboree, according to Safran the SBS publicist had tentatively booked him in as a guest on Rove Live. Before the Taping of Rove Live, American Rock Chick P!nk replaced Safran as the guest."], "answer": {"text": "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#2", "question": "What were the pilots called?", "rewrite": "What were the pilots that ABC commissioned with Safran in 1997 called?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Safran wove his own struggle to understand his family member into Alex's desire to learn the truth about her father. Safran said, \"I have a family member who either is a pathological liar or has been involved with a government agency my whole life. I've always struggled with knowing that I would never know the truth, because there is no real such thing as the truth with regard to somebody who may or may not be telling the truth. That struggle informed the character of Alex.\" He called the series a sexy romance and a political thriller, adding \"It's like, what would \"Die Hard\" be if \"Die Hard\" was weekly and was also a soap.\" Safran offered the series to ABC. On September 17, 2014, the network announced that it had bought the concept for a drama series from ABC Studios and Safran and produced by Mark Gordon, describing it as \"\"Grey's Anatomy\" meets \"Homeland.\" \" ABC ordered a pilot on January 23, 2015, for the 2015\u201316 television season. The series was picked up from the pilot, with an initial order of 13 episodes for the 2015 network television season. Good ratings led ABC to pick up \"Quantico\" for a full season in October with an additional six episodes (increasing the episode count to 19), with an option for more. In November, the season was extended to 22 episodes. In March 2016, ABC announced that it had renewed \"Quantico\" for a second season, also consisting of 22 episodes. The series was produced by ABC Studios in association with The Mark Gordon Company and Random Acts Productions. Safran, Gordon, Robert Sertner and Nicholas Pepper were the executive producers, with Cherien Dabis as one of the producers. Safran served as the head writer of the series.", "The Loft Live The Loft Live was a weekly live variety hour television program produced by RMITV that broadcast on C31 Melbourne. The cast included Rove McManus (1997-1999), Scott Brennan, Peter Helliar, Adam Richard, Myf Warhurst, Ged Wood, Bert Kennedy, Kim Hope, Matilda Donaldson, Bernie Carr and special reporters . Like its predecessor Under Melbourne Tonight The Loft Live provided a platform for up and coming talent airtime and gained a following between 50,000-100,000 viewers a week. Guests on the show included Larry Emdur, Livinia Nixon, John Brumby, Nadine Garner, Judith Lucy Jeremy Sims, Neville Stonehouse, Dylan Lewis, Francis Leach, John Safran, Edwin Maher In 2004, John Safran vs God Episode 1 featured footage from The Loft Live John Safran vs God Episode 1 follows the plot that John Safran had appeared on The Loft Live with Rove McManus in 1997 after gaining popularity on the ABC TV show Race Around the World. After the taping of the episode of The Loft Rove promised Safran that \"If I ever can do anything for you ever, just ask\". Five years later in 2002 Safran's career had taken a beating after termination of his pilot commissioned by the ABC for an altercation he had with Ray Martin during the filming John Safran: Media Tycoon. By this stage, Rove was already at the top of Australian TV. Wanting to gain publicity for his new SBS show John Safran's Music Jamboree, according to Safran the SBS publicist had tentatively booked him in as a guest on Rove Live. Before the Taping of Rove Live, American Rock Chick P!nk replaced Safran as the guest.", "Scott Safran Scott Safran (August 19, 1967 \u2013 March 27, 1989) was an American video gamer noted for setting the world record score, which stood for 27 years, on the arcade game \"Asteroids\". Safran was born to Mitch and Frann Safran in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. As a teenager, he became interested in baseball, guitars, the Grateful Dead, and eventually arcade games. He was determined to break a world record on an arcade game, finally settling on \"Asteroids\". He practiced throughout 1981 and for much of 1982, and was eventually able to carry a single game for nearly 20 hours at his local 7-Eleven convenience store, his first attempt to beat the existing world record. On November 13, 1982, at All-American Billiard Co. in Newtown, Pennsylvania, he again attempted to set a new world record for a single game of \"Asteroids\" and he succeeded. The game lasted approximately 60 hours. His final score was 41,336,440. Safran graduated from Cherry Hill High School West in 1985 and moved to an apartment in Los Angeles, California in 1987. On March 27, 1989, Safran died after falling three stories while trying to rescue his cat, Samson, from a ledge of his apartment building. Unaware of Safran's death, Walter Day, an arcade referee who led Twin Galaxies, the official arcade scoreboard of the world, operating in Fairfield, Iowa, attempted to track down Safran in 1998 following the re-release of \"Asteroids\". Day could not locate Safran, and asked newspapers and radios to ask people to help find him. Day personally offered a thousand dollars to whoever could locate Safran. Eventually, in April 2002, Day made contact with Safran's sister, Marci, and learned of Safran's death.", "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran. One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998. It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show A Current Affair, where Safran harassed him in the style characteristic of A Current Affair by sorting through his bin, which was later satirised by comedian Shaun Micallef. Ray Martin had set-up members of the Paxton family. Safran and one of the victims, Shane Paxton, turned up to Ray Martin's home. Martin and his wife Dianne physically threatened Safran. Martin's wife ripped apart Safran's Papier Mache hat and Ray grabbed Safran by the collar, prompting Shane Paxton to intervene. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he's spoken to Roger Grant the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. Martin's connection with this executive at the ABC is suspected to be a reason the series never made it to air. The Ray Martin segment was later played on Media Watch, John Safran: The Lost Pilot and on Youtube. In 2014, Martin still appeared bitter about the incident, calling Safran a \"serial pest\". The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef. This pilot focused on the food industry. Notably it featured a cooking segment where Safran prepared a beef dish. The twist comes when he arrives in an abattoir and shows detailed footage of cows being slaughtered to complete the dish. Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students.", "John Safran's Race Relations John Safran's Race Relations is an Australian comedy documentary television series by John Safran broadcast on ABC1 in 2009. The eight-part series is about cross-cultural, interracial and interfaith love. His globetrotting takes him to Palestine, the Philippines, Togo, Japan, Thailand, UK, Israel, Netherlands, the United States. Episode 1 saw Safran travelling to Israel where his Palestinian boom mic operator made a donation to a sperm bank, then to the West Bank where a donation to a clinic was made by John, in an attempt to make half Jewish half Palestinian children - a \"Jalestinian\" Noting that he has dated three Eurasian women, Safran conducts an experiment by stealing and smelling the underwear of five Jewish and five Eurasian women (including Nicole Scherzinger of the Pussycat Dolls and actress Dichen Lachman) to see which he \"prefers\". Inspired by the 1961 book Black Like Me, Safran travels the streets of Chicago after undergoing makeup that makes him appear black. He interviews some militants, preaches at a predominantly black church and confronts people for using the word \"nigger\". After former Muslim terrorist Walid Shoebat tells Safran that his hatred of Jews was quashed after watching \"Fiddler on the Roof\" 300 times, Safran heads to the Palestinian territories, where he attempts to \"de-brainwash\" representatives of Fatah and Hamas by performing \"If I Were a Rich Man\" for them. Satisfied with their positive response, Safran performs the song on a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation talk show. Safran attempts to rid himself of Jewish guilt about inter-racial relationships by flying a \"shiksa\" (non-Jewish woman) to Amsterdam, where he asks her to make out with him in Anne Frank's attic."], "answer": {"text": "One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998.", "answer_start": 85}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#3", "question": "Did it make it to television?", "rewrite": "Did John Safran: Media Tycoon make it to television?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran. One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998. It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show A Current Affair, where Safran harassed him in the style characteristic of A Current Affair by sorting through his bin, which was later satirised by comedian Shaun Micallef. Ray Martin had set-up members of the Paxton family. Safran and one of the victims, Shane Paxton, turned up to Ray Martin's home. Martin and his wife Dianne physically threatened Safran. Martin's wife ripped apart Safran's Papier Mache hat and Ray grabbed Safran by the collar, prompting Shane Paxton to intervene. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he's spoken to Roger Grant the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. Martin's connection with this executive at the ABC is suspected to be a reason the series never made it to air. The Ray Martin segment was later played on Media Watch, John Safran: The Lost Pilot and on Youtube. In 2014, Martin still appeared bitter about the incident, calling Safran a \"serial pest\". The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef. This pilot focused on the food industry. Notably it featured a cooking segment where Safran prepared a beef dish. The twist comes when he arrives in an abattoir and shows detailed footage of cows being slaughtered to complete the dish. Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students.", "In October 2008, Martin criticised the Nine Network and other commercial television operations during an address at the annual Andrew Olle Media Lecture. The subject of Martin's criticism was an alleged \"dumbing down\" of journalism and news coverage. Since 2014, Martin has been the presenter for the SBS series \"First Contact\". In 2015, he featured on the SBS Australian version of the popular international franchise genealogy television documentary series \" Who Do You Think You Are?\". In 2017, he hosted Look Me In The Eye. In August 2018, Martin was announced as a presenter on the Nine Network's new travel series Helloworld, which aired on 7 October 2018. John Safran, an Australian documentarian and media personality, created a television pilot called \"John Safran: Media Tycoon\" which was focused on the media industry. It became infamous for a segment where Safran turned up to Martin's house and harassed him in the tabloid style characteristic of \"A Current Affair\" and its peers. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he had spoken to Roger Grant, the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. The segment was later played on \"Media Watch\" on ABC and on \"Enough Rope\". Safran went through Martin's garbage and took Shane Paxton (a former \"A Current Affair\" story subject) to embarrass Martin. Martin has received five Gold Logie Awards for the Most Popular Personality on Australian Television, Australia's most popular television award. He received his first at the Logie Awards of 1987 as host of \"Midday\", then he received four in a row at the Logie Awards of 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996; the first two were as host of \"Midday\" and the last two as host of \"A Current Affair\".", "The Loft Live The Loft Live was a weekly live variety hour television program produced by RMITV that broadcast on C31 Melbourne. The cast included Rove McManus (1997-1999), Scott Brennan, Peter Helliar, Adam Richard, Myf Warhurst, Ged Wood, Bert Kennedy, Kim Hope, Matilda Donaldson, Bernie Carr and special reporters . Like its predecessor Under Melbourne Tonight The Loft Live provided a platform for up and coming talent airtime and gained a following between 50,000-100,000 viewers a week. Guests on the show included Larry Emdur, Livinia Nixon, John Brumby, Nadine Garner, Judith Lucy Jeremy Sims, Neville Stonehouse, Dylan Lewis, Francis Leach, John Safran, Edwin Maher In 2004, John Safran vs God Episode 1 featured footage from The Loft Live John Safran vs God Episode 1 follows the plot that John Safran had appeared on The Loft Live with Rove McManus in 1997 after gaining popularity on the ABC TV show Race Around the World. After the taping of the episode of The Loft Rove promised Safran that \"If I ever can do anything for you ever, just ask\". Five years later in 2002 Safran's career had taken a beating after termination of his pilot commissioned by the ABC for an altercation he had with Ray Martin during the filming John Safran: Media Tycoon. By this stage, Rove was already at the top of Australian TV. Wanting to gain publicity for his new SBS show John Safran's Music Jamboree, according to Safran the SBS publicist had tentatively booked him in as a guest on Rove Live. Before the Taping of Rove Live, American Rock Chick P!nk replaced Safran as the guest.", "John Safran's Race Relations John Safran's Race Relations is an Australian comedy documentary television series by John Safran broadcast on ABC1 in 2009. The eight-part series is about cross-cultural, interracial and interfaith love. His globetrotting takes him to Palestine, the Philippines, Togo, Japan, Thailand, UK, Israel, Netherlands, the United States. Episode 1 saw Safran travelling to Israel where his Palestinian boom mic operator made a donation to a sperm bank, then to the West Bank where a donation to a clinic was made by John, in an attempt to make half Jewish half Palestinian children - a \"Jalestinian\" Noting that he has dated three Eurasian women, Safran conducts an experiment by stealing and smelling the underwear of five Jewish and five Eurasian women (including Nicole Scherzinger of the Pussycat Dolls and actress Dichen Lachman) to see which he \"prefers\". Inspired by the 1961 book Black Like Me, Safran travels the streets of Chicago after undergoing makeup that makes him appear black. He interviews some militants, preaches at a predominantly black church and confronts people for using the word \"nigger\". After former Muslim terrorist Walid Shoebat tells Safran that his hatred of Jews was quashed after watching \"Fiddler on the Roof\" 300 times, Safran heads to the Palestinian territories, where he attempts to \"de-brainwash\" representatives of Fatah and Hamas by performing \"If I Were a Rich Man\" for them. Satisfied with their positive response, Safran performs the song on a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation talk show. Safran attempts to rid himself of Jewish guilt about inter-racial relationships by flying a \"shiksa\" (non-Jewish woman) to Amsterdam, where he asks her to make out with him in Anne Frank's attic.", "John Safran vs God John Safran vs God is an eight-part television documentary series by John Safran which was broadcast on SBS TV of Australia in 2004. It has been described in a media release as \"John Safran's most audacious project yet\". It had a much more serious tone than Safran's previous work \"Music Jamboree\". The show was released by Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions and SBS Independent, was co-written with Mark O'Toole, directed by Craig Melville, and produced by Richard Lowenstein, Selin Yaman and Ghost Pictures. The production team was known as Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions, an amalgamation of John Safran's Ex-Boyfriend Productions, and Richard Lowenstein's Ghost Productions. The series won the 2005 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Comedy Series. The show's opening theme is \"Hate Priest\" by the band Mozart on Crack. The opening sequence features John in a black suit breaking out of a patch of black scorched earth with his bare hands during a thunderstorm. The words of Revelation 20:7, \"when the thousand years are over Satan will be released from his prison\" are spoken in a low pseudo-ominous voice. The Vodou segment was graphic, featuring the TV crew being attacked, spiritual possession, and a goat having its testicles bitten off and its throat slit. The only politician who was found to be a so-called \"vampire\" was Kevin Rudd who would later become Prime Minister. The eighth episode was the most controversial. Instead of its usual format of various segments, the show featured a single story: the exorcism of John's demons by Christian exorcist and fundamentalist preacher Bob Larson. There was none of the humour that characterised the preceding episodes."], "answer": {"text": "It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show", "answer_start": 175}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the pilots called?", "answer": {"text": "One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#4", "question": "How long did it last?", "rewrite": "How long did John Safran: Media Tycoon last?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran. One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998. It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show A Current Affair, where Safran harassed him in the style characteristic of A Current Affair by sorting through his bin, which was later satirised by comedian Shaun Micallef. Ray Martin had set-up members of the Paxton family. Safran and one of the victims, Shane Paxton, turned up to Ray Martin's home. Martin and his wife Dianne physically threatened Safran. Martin's wife ripped apart Safran's Papier Mache hat and Ray grabbed Safran by the collar, prompting Shane Paxton to intervene. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he's spoken to Roger Grant the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. Martin's connection with this executive at the ABC is suspected to be a reason the series never made it to air. The Ray Martin segment was later played on Media Watch, John Safran: The Lost Pilot and on Youtube. In 2014, Martin still appeared bitter about the incident, calling Safran a \"serial pest\". The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef. This pilot focused on the food industry. Notably it featured a cooking segment where Safran prepared a beef dish. The twist comes when he arrives in an abattoir and shows detailed footage of cows being slaughtered to complete the dish. Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students.", "John Safran's Race Relations John Safran's Race Relations is an Australian comedy documentary television series by John Safran broadcast on ABC1 in 2009. The eight-part series is about cross-cultural, interracial and interfaith love. His globetrotting takes him to Palestine, the Philippines, Togo, Japan, Thailand, UK, Israel, Netherlands, the United States. Episode 1 saw Safran travelling to Israel where his Palestinian boom mic operator made a donation to a sperm bank, then to the West Bank where a donation to a clinic was made by John, in an attempt to make half Jewish half Palestinian children - a \"Jalestinian\" Noting that he has dated three Eurasian women, Safran conducts an experiment by stealing and smelling the underwear of five Jewish and five Eurasian women (including Nicole Scherzinger of the Pussycat Dolls and actress Dichen Lachman) to see which he \"prefers\". Inspired by the 1961 book Black Like Me, Safran travels the streets of Chicago after undergoing makeup that makes him appear black. He interviews some militants, preaches at a predominantly black church and confronts people for using the word \"nigger\". After former Muslim terrorist Walid Shoebat tells Safran that his hatred of Jews was quashed after watching \"Fiddler on the Roof\" 300 times, Safran heads to the Palestinian territories, where he attempts to \"de-brainwash\" representatives of Fatah and Hamas by performing \"If I Were a Rich Man\" for them. Satisfied with their positive response, Safran performs the song on a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation talk show. Safran attempts to rid himself of Jewish guilt about inter-racial relationships by flying a \"shiksa\" (non-Jewish woman) to Amsterdam, where he asks her to make out with him in Anne Frank's attic.", "In October 2008, Martin criticised the Nine Network and other commercial television operations during an address at the annual Andrew Olle Media Lecture. The subject of Martin's criticism was an alleged \"dumbing down\" of journalism and news coverage. Since 2014, Martin has been the presenter for the SBS series \"First Contact\". In 2015, he featured on the SBS Australian version of the popular international franchise genealogy television documentary series \" Who Do You Think You Are?\". In 2017, he hosted Look Me In The Eye. In August 2018, Martin was announced as a presenter on the Nine Network's new travel series Helloworld, which aired on 7 October 2018. John Safran, an Australian documentarian and media personality, created a television pilot called \"John Safran: Media Tycoon\" which was focused on the media industry. It became infamous for a segment where Safran turned up to Martin's house and harassed him in the tabloid style characteristic of \"A Current Affair\" and its peers. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he had spoken to Roger Grant, the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. The segment was later played on \"Media Watch\" on ABC and on \"Enough Rope\". Safran went through Martin's garbage and took Shane Paxton (a former \"A Current Affair\" story subject) to embarrass Martin. Martin has received five Gold Logie Awards for the Most Popular Personality on Australian Television, Australia's most popular television award. He received his first at the Logie Awards of 1987 as host of \"Midday\", then he received four in a row at the Logie Awards of 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996; the first two were as host of \"Midday\" and the last two as host of \"A Current Affair\".", "The Loft Live The Loft Live was a weekly live variety hour television program produced by RMITV that broadcast on C31 Melbourne. The cast included Rove McManus (1997-1999), Scott Brennan, Peter Helliar, Adam Richard, Myf Warhurst, Ged Wood, Bert Kennedy, Kim Hope, Matilda Donaldson, Bernie Carr and special reporters . Like its predecessor Under Melbourne Tonight The Loft Live provided a platform for up and coming talent airtime and gained a following between 50,000-100,000 viewers a week. Guests on the show included Larry Emdur, Livinia Nixon, John Brumby, Nadine Garner, Judith Lucy Jeremy Sims, Neville Stonehouse, Dylan Lewis, Francis Leach, John Safran, Edwin Maher In 2004, John Safran vs God Episode 1 featured footage from The Loft Live John Safran vs God Episode 1 follows the plot that John Safran had appeared on The Loft Live with Rove McManus in 1997 after gaining popularity on the ABC TV show Race Around the World. After the taping of the episode of The Loft Rove promised Safran that \"If I ever can do anything for you ever, just ask\". Five years later in 2002 Safran's career had taken a beating after termination of his pilot commissioned by the ABC for an altercation he had with Ray Martin during the filming John Safran: Media Tycoon. By this stage, Rove was already at the top of Australian TV. Wanting to gain publicity for his new SBS show John Safran's Music Jamboree, according to Safran the SBS publicist had tentatively booked him in as a guest on Rove Live. Before the Taping of Rove Live, American Rock Chick P!nk replaced Safran as the guest.", "John Safran vs God John Safran vs God is an eight-part television documentary series by John Safran which was broadcast on SBS TV of Australia in 2004. It has been described in a media release as \"John Safran's most audacious project yet\". It had a much more serious tone than Safran's previous work \"Music Jamboree\". The show was released by Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions and SBS Independent, was co-written with Mark O'Toole, directed by Craig Melville, and produced by Richard Lowenstein, Selin Yaman and Ghost Pictures. The production team was known as Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions, an amalgamation of John Safran's Ex-Boyfriend Productions, and Richard Lowenstein's Ghost Productions. The series won the 2005 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Comedy Series. The show's opening theme is \"Hate Priest\" by the band Mozart on Crack. The opening sequence features John in a black suit breaking out of a patch of black scorched earth with his bare hands during a thunderstorm. The words of Revelation 20:7, \"when the thousand years are over Satan will be released from his prison\" are spoken in a low pseudo-ominous voice. The Vodou segment was graphic, featuring the TV crew being attacked, spiritual possession, and a goat having its testicles bitten off and its throat slit. The only politician who was found to be a so-called \"vampire\" was Kevin Rudd who would later become Prime Minister. The eighth episode was the most controversial. Instead of its usual format of various segments, the show featured a single story: the exorcism of John's demons by Christian exorcist and fundamentalist preacher Bob Larson. There was none of the humour that characterised the preceding episodes."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the pilots called?", "answer": {"text": "One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it make it to television?", "answer": {"text": "It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#5", "question": "What was the other pilot's name?", "rewrite": "What was the other pilot that ABC commissioned with Safran's name?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Safran wove his own struggle to understand his family member into Alex's desire to learn the truth about her father. Safran said, \"I have a family member who either is a pathological liar or has been involved with a government agency my whole life. I've always struggled with knowing that I would never know the truth, because there is no real such thing as the truth with regard to somebody who may or may not be telling the truth. That struggle informed the character of Alex.\" He called the series a sexy romance and a political thriller, adding \"It's like, what would \"Die Hard\" be if \"Die Hard\" was weekly and was also a soap.\" Safran offered the series to ABC. On September 17, 2014, the network announced that it had bought the concept for a drama series from ABC Studios and Safran and produced by Mark Gordon, describing it as \"\"Grey's Anatomy\" meets \"Homeland.\" \" ABC ordered a pilot on January 23, 2015, for the 2015\u201316 television season. The series was picked up from the pilot, with an initial order of 13 episodes for the 2015 network television season. Good ratings led ABC to pick up \"Quantico\" for a full season in October with an additional six episodes (increasing the episode count to 19), with an option for more. In November, the season was extended to 22 episodes. In March 2016, ABC announced that it had renewed \"Quantico\" for a second season, also consisting of 22 episodes. The series was produced by ABC Studios in association with The Mark Gordon Company and Random Acts Productions. Safran, Gordon, Robert Sertner and Nicholas Pepper were the executive producers, with Cherien Dabis as one of the producers. Safran served as the head writer of the series.", "The Loft Live The Loft Live was a weekly live variety hour television program produced by RMITV that broadcast on C31 Melbourne. The cast included Rove McManus (1997-1999), Scott Brennan, Peter Helliar, Adam Richard, Myf Warhurst, Ged Wood, Bert Kennedy, Kim Hope, Matilda Donaldson, Bernie Carr and special reporters . Like its predecessor Under Melbourne Tonight The Loft Live provided a platform for up and coming talent airtime and gained a following between 50,000-100,000 viewers a week. Guests on the show included Larry Emdur, Livinia Nixon, John Brumby, Nadine Garner, Judith Lucy Jeremy Sims, Neville Stonehouse, Dylan Lewis, Francis Leach, John Safran, Edwin Maher In 2004, John Safran vs God Episode 1 featured footage from The Loft Live John Safran vs God Episode 1 follows the plot that John Safran had appeared on The Loft Live with Rove McManus in 1997 after gaining popularity on the ABC TV show Race Around the World. After the taping of the episode of The Loft Rove promised Safran that \"If I ever can do anything for you ever, just ask\". Five years later in 2002 Safran's career had taken a beating after termination of his pilot commissioned by the ABC for an altercation he had with Ray Martin during the filming John Safran: Media Tycoon. By this stage, Rove was already at the top of Australian TV. Wanting to gain publicity for his new SBS show John Safran's Music Jamboree, according to Safran the SBS publicist had tentatively booked him in as a guest on Rove Live. Before the Taping of Rove Live, American Rock Chick P!nk replaced Safran as the guest.", "Scott Safran Scott Safran (August 19, 1967 \u2013 March 27, 1989) was an American video gamer noted for setting the world record score, which stood for 27 years, on the arcade game \"Asteroids\". Safran was born to Mitch and Frann Safran in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. As a teenager, he became interested in baseball, guitars, the Grateful Dead, and eventually arcade games. He was determined to break a world record on an arcade game, finally settling on \"Asteroids\". He practiced throughout 1981 and for much of 1982, and was eventually able to carry a single game for nearly 20 hours at his local 7-Eleven convenience store, his first attempt to beat the existing world record. On November 13, 1982, at All-American Billiard Co. in Newtown, Pennsylvania, he again attempted to set a new world record for a single game of \"Asteroids\" and he succeeded. The game lasted approximately 60 hours. His final score was 41,336,440. Safran graduated from Cherry Hill High School West in 1985 and moved to an apartment in Los Angeles, California in 1987. On March 27, 1989, Safran died after falling three stories while trying to rescue his cat, Samson, from a ledge of his apartment building. Unaware of Safran's death, Walter Day, an arcade referee who led Twin Galaxies, the official arcade scoreboard of the world, operating in Fairfield, Iowa, attempted to track down Safran in 1998 following the re-release of \"Asteroids\". Day could not locate Safran, and asked newspapers and radios to ask people to help find him. Day personally offered a thousand dollars to whoever could locate Safran. Eventually, in April 2002, Day made contact with Safran's sister, Marci, and learned of Safran's death.", "John Safran's Race Relations John Safran's Race Relations is an Australian comedy documentary television series by John Safran broadcast on ABC1 in 2009. The eight-part series is about cross-cultural, interracial and interfaith love. His globetrotting takes him to Palestine, the Philippines, Togo, Japan, Thailand, UK, Israel, Netherlands, the United States. Episode 1 saw Safran travelling to Israel where his Palestinian boom mic operator made a donation to a sperm bank, then to the West Bank where a donation to a clinic was made by John, in an attempt to make half Jewish half Palestinian children - a \"Jalestinian\" Noting that he has dated three Eurasian women, Safran conducts an experiment by stealing and smelling the underwear of five Jewish and five Eurasian women (including Nicole Scherzinger of the Pussycat Dolls and actress Dichen Lachman) to see which he \"prefers\". Inspired by the 1961 book Black Like Me, Safran travels the streets of Chicago after undergoing makeup that makes him appear black. He interviews some militants, preaches at a predominantly black church and confronts people for using the word \"nigger\". After former Muslim terrorist Walid Shoebat tells Safran that his hatred of Jews was quashed after watching \"Fiddler on the Roof\" 300 times, Safran heads to the Palestinian territories, where he attempts to \"de-brainwash\" representatives of Fatah and Hamas by performing \"If I Were a Rich Man\" for them. Satisfied with their positive response, Safran performs the song on a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation talk show. Safran attempts to rid himself of Jewish guilt about inter-racial relationships by flying a \"shiksa\" (non-Jewish woman) to Amsterdam, where he asks her to make out with him in Anne Frank's attic.", "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran. One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998. It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show A Current Affair, where Safran harassed him in the style characteristic of A Current Affair by sorting through his bin, which was later satirised by comedian Shaun Micallef. Ray Martin had set-up members of the Paxton family. Safran and one of the victims, Shane Paxton, turned up to Ray Martin's home. Martin and his wife Dianne physically threatened Safran. Martin's wife ripped apart Safran's Papier Mache hat and Ray grabbed Safran by the collar, prompting Shane Paxton to intervene. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he's spoken to Roger Grant the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. Martin's connection with this executive at the ABC is suspected to be a reason the series never made it to air. The Ray Martin segment was later played on Media Watch, John Safran: The Lost Pilot and on Youtube. In 2014, Martin still appeared bitter about the incident, calling Safran a \"serial pest\". The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef. This pilot focused on the food industry. Notably it featured a cooking segment where Safran prepared a beef dish. The twist comes when he arrives in an abattoir and shows detailed footage of cows being slaughtered to complete the dish. Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students."], "answer": {"text": "The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef.", "answer_start": 1212}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the pilots called?", "answer": {"text": "One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it make it to television?", "answer": {"text": "It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it last?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#6", "question": "Did this pilot make it to television?", "rewrite": "Did John Safran: Master Chef make television?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Loft Live The Loft Live was a weekly live variety hour television program produced by RMITV that broadcast on C31 Melbourne. The cast included Rove McManus (1997-1999), Scott Brennan, Peter Helliar, Adam Richard, Myf Warhurst, Ged Wood, Bert Kennedy, Kim Hope, Matilda Donaldson, Bernie Carr and special reporters . Like its predecessor Under Melbourne Tonight The Loft Live provided a platform for up and coming talent airtime and gained a following between 50,000-100,000 viewers a week. Guests on the show included Larry Emdur, Livinia Nixon, John Brumby, Nadine Garner, Judith Lucy Jeremy Sims, Neville Stonehouse, Dylan Lewis, Francis Leach, John Safran, Edwin Maher In 2004, John Safran vs God Episode 1 featured footage from The Loft Live John Safran vs God Episode 1 follows the plot that John Safran had appeared on The Loft Live with Rove McManus in 1997 after gaining popularity on the ABC TV show Race Around the World. After the taping of the episode of The Loft Rove promised Safran that \"If I ever can do anything for you ever, just ask\". Five years later in 2002 Safran's career had taken a beating after termination of his pilot commissioned by the ABC for an altercation he had with Ray Martin during the filming John Safran: Media Tycoon. By this stage, Rove was already at the top of Australian TV. Wanting to gain publicity for his new SBS show John Safran's Music Jamboree, according to Safran the SBS publicist had tentatively booked him in as a guest on Rove Live. Before the Taping of Rove Live, American Rock Chick P!nk replaced Safran as the guest.", "John Safran's Race Relations John Safran's Race Relations is an Australian comedy documentary television series by John Safran broadcast on ABC1 in 2009. The eight-part series is about cross-cultural, interracial and interfaith love. His globetrotting takes him to Palestine, the Philippines, Togo, Japan, Thailand, UK, Israel, Netherlands, the United States. Episode 1 saw Safran travelling to Israel where his Palestinian boom mic operator made a donation to a sperm bank, then to the West Bank where a donation to a clinic was made by John, in an attempt to make half Jewish half Palestinian children - a \"Jalestinian\" Noting that he has dated three Eurasian women, Safran conducts an experiment by stealing and smelling the underwear of five Jewish and five Eurasian women (including Nicole Scherzinger of the Pussycat Dolls and actress Dichen Lachman) to see which he \"prefers\". Inspired by the 1961 book Black Like Me, Safran travels the streets of Chicago after undergoing makeup that makes him appear black. He interviews some militants, preaches at a predominantly black church and confronts people for using the word \"nigger\". After former Muslim terrorist Walid Shoebat tells Safran that his hatred of Jews was quashed after watching \"Fiddler on the Roof\" 300 times, Safran heads to the Palestinian territories, where he attempts to \"de-brainwash\" representatives of Fatah and Hamas by performing \"If I Were a Rich Man\" for them. Satisfied with their positive response, Safran performs the song on a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation talk show. Safran attempts to rid himself of Jewish guilt about inter-racial relationships by flying a \"shiksa\" (non-Jewish woman) to Amsterdam, where he asks her to make out with him in Anne Frank's attic.", "John Safran vs God John Safran vs God is an eight-part television documentary series by John Safran which was broadcast on SBS TV of Australia in 2004. It has been described in a media release as \"John Safran's most audacious project yet\". It had a much more serious tone than Safran's previous work \"Music Jamboree\". The show was released by Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions and SBS Independent, was co-written with Mark O'Toole, directed by Craig Melville, and produced by Richard Lowenstein, Selin Yaman and Ghost Pictures. The production team was known as Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions, an amalgamation of John Safran's Ex-Boyfriend Productions, and Richard Lowenstein's Ghost Productions. The series won the 2005 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Comedy Series. The show's opening theme is \"Hate Priest\" by the band Mozart on Crack. The opening sequence features John in a black suit breaking out of a patch of black scorched earth with his bare hands during a thunderstorm. The words of Revelation 20:7, \"when the thousand years are over Satan will be released from his prison\" are spoken in a low pseudo-ominous voice. The Vodou segment was graphic, featuring the TV crew being attacked, spiritual possession, and a goat having its testicles bitten off and its throat slit. The only politician who was found to be a so-called \"vampire\" was Kevin Rudd who would later become Prime Minister. The eighth episode was the most controversial. Instead of its usual format of various segments, the show featured a single story: the exorcism of John's demons by Christian exorcist and fundamentalist preacher Bob Larson. There was none of the humour that characterised the preceding episodes.", "John Safran's Music Jamboree John Safran's Music Jamboree (or just Music Jamboree) was a light-hearted Australian music documentary television series, hosted by John Safran for SBS television. The program was produced by Richard Lowenstein, Selin Yaman and Ghost Pictures and directed by Craig Melville, Richard Lowenstein and a number of other directors under the production company Ghost of Your Ex-Boyfriend Productions in association with SBS Independent. It screened in 2002, and consisted of sketches and outlandish public stunts, typical of Safran's work. The series won two Australian Film Institute Awards; \"Best Comedy Series\" and \"Most Innovative Program Concept\". SBS followed the series up with the similarly styled \"John Safran vs. God\" in 2004. An infamous stunt of the series was sneaking nine friends into an exclusive Melbourne nightclub by dressing them up as the masked American metal band, Slipknot. The producers arranged entry for the impostors by pretending to be an American management company over the phone. Other stunts included disguising himself as well known entertainers such as Ozzy Osbourne and Prince to harass the public, sketch versions of music videos such as Eminem, the creation of \"Jew Town\", a Jewish boy band to compete with Christian pop, and returning to Yeshivah College to pay homage to Kevin Bacon in \"Footloose\". He also details his time in the hip-hop group Raspberry Cordial, and the related incident in which he met the Beastie Boys and the band's former DJ attempted to steal his girlfriend at the time. A regular segment on the series was \"The Music Mole\". In this segment a person dressed in a large mole costume (much like a mascot) was interviewed by Safran.", "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran. One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998. It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show A Current Affair, where Safran harassed him in the style characteristic of A Current Affair by sorting through his bin, which was later satirised by comedian Shaun Micallef. Ray Martin had set-up members of the Paxton family. Safran and one of the victims, Shane Paxton, turned up to Ray Martin's home. Martin and his wife Dianne physically threatened Safran. Martin's wife ripped apart Safran's Papier Mache hat and Ray grabbed Safran by the collar, prompting Shane Paxton to intervene. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he's spoken to Roger Grant the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. Martin's connection with this executive at the ABC is suspected to be a reason the series never made it to air. The Ray Martin segment was later played on Media Watch, John Safran: The Lost Pilot and on Youtube. In 2014, Martin still appeared bitter about the incident, calling Safran a \"serial pest\". The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef. This pilot focused on the food industry. Notably it featured a cooking segment where Safran prepared a beef dish. The twist comes when he arrives in an abattoir and shows detailed footage of cows being slaughtered to complete the dish. Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students."], "answer": {"text": "Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students.", "answer_start": 1502}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the pilots called?", "answer": {"text": "One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it make it to television?", "answer": {"text": "It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it last?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the other pilot's name?", "answer": {"text": "The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef.", "answer_start": 1212, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a79bf2fcf5ed43338e4dbb17d6353d1a_1_q#7", "question": "What did he do after the pilots?", "rewrite": "What did Safran do after his two pilots?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Loft Live The Loft Live was a weekly live variety hour television program produced by RMITV that broadcast on C31 Melbourne. The cast included Rove McManus (1997-1999), Scott Brennan, Peter Helliar, Adam Richard, Myf Warhurst, Ged Wood, Bert Kennedy, Kim Hope, Matilda Donaldson, Bernie Carr and special reporters . Like its predecessor Under Melbourne Tonight The Loft Live provided a platform for up and coming talent airtime and gained a following between 50,000-100,000 viewers a week. Guests on the show included Larry Emdur, Livinia Nixon, John Brumby, Nadine Garner, Judith Lucy Jeremy Sims, Neville Stonehouse, Dylan Lewis, Francis Leach, John Safran, Edwin Maher In 2004, John Safran vs God Episode 1 featured footage from The Loft Live John Safran vs God Episode 1 follows the plot that John Safran had appeared on The Loft Live with Rove McManus in 1997 after gaining popularity on the ABC TV show Race Around the World. After the taping of the episode of The Loft Rove promised Safran that \"If I ever can do anything for you ever, just ask\". Five years later in 2002 Safran's career had taken a beating after termination of his pilot commissioned by the ABC for an altercation he had with Ray Martin during the filming John Safran: Media Tycoon. By this stage, Rove was already at the top of Australian TV. Wanting to gain publicity for his new SBS show John Safran's Music Jamboree, according to Safran the SBS publicist had tentatively booked him in as a guest on Rove Live. Before the Taping of Rove Live, American Rock Chick P!nk replaced Safran as the guest.", "Scott Safran Scott Safran (August 19, 1967 \u2013 March 27, 1989) was an American video gamer noted for setting the world record score, which stood for 27 years, on the arcade game \"Asteroids\". Safran was born to Mitch and Frann Safran in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. As a teenager, he became interested in baseball, guitars, the Grateful Dead, and eventually arcade games. He was determined to break a world record on an arcade game, finally settling on \"Asteroids\". He practiced throughout 1981 and for much of 1982, and was eventually able to carry a single game for nearly 20 hours at his local 7-Eleven convenience store, his first attempt to beat the existing world record. On November 13, 1982, at All-American Billiard Co. in Newtown, Pennsylvania, he again attempted to set a new world record for a single game of \"Asteroids\" and he succeeded. The game lasted approximately 60 hours. His final score was 41,336,440. Safran graduated from Cherry Hill High School West in 1985 and moved to an apartment in Los Angeles, California in 1987. On March 27, 1989, Safran died after falling three stories while trying to rescue his cat, Samson, from a ledge of his apartment building. Unaware of Safran's death, Walter Day, an arcade referee who led Twin Galaxies, the official arcade scoreboard of the world, operating in Fairfield, Iowa, attempted to track down Safran in 1998 following the re-release of \"Asteroids\". Day could not locate Safran, and asked newspapers and radios to ask people to help find him. Day personally offered a thousand dollars to whoever could locate Safran. Eventually, in April 2002, Day made contact with Safran's sister, Marci, and learned of Safran's death.", "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran. One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998. It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show A Current Affair, where Safran harassed him in the style characteristic of A Current Affair by sorting through his bin, which was later satirised by comedian Shaun Micallef. Ray Martin had set-up members of the Paxton family. Safran and one of the victims, Shane Paxton, turned up to Ray Martin's home. Martin and his wife Dianne physically threatened Safran. Martin's wife ripped apart Safran's Papier Mache hat and Ray grabbed Safran by the collar, prompting Shane Paxton to intervene. Martin was in contact with the ABC and specifically warned Safran in the segment that he's spoken to Roger Grant the then Head of Corporate Affairs at the ABC. Martin's connection with this executive at the ABC is suspected to be a reason the series never made it to air. The Ray Martin segment was later played on Media Watch, John Safran: The Lost Pilot and on Youtube. In 2014, Martin still appeared bitter about the incident, calling Safran a \"serial pest\". The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef. This pilot focused on the food industry. Notably it featured a cooking segment where Safran prepared a beef dish. The twist comes when he arrives in an abattoir and shows detailed footage of cows being slaughtered to complete the dish. Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students.", "John Safran's Race Relations John Safran's Race Relations is an Australian comedy documentary television series by John Safran broadcast on ABC1 in 2009. The eight-part series is about cross-cultural, interracial and interfaith love. His globetrotting takes him to Palestine, the Philippines, Togo, Japan, Thailand, UK, Israel, Netherlands, the United States. Episode 1 saw Safran travelling to Israel where his Palestinian boom mic operator made a donation to a sperm bank, then to the West Bank where a donation to a clinic was made by John, in an attempt to make half Jewish half Palestinian children - a \"Jalestinian\" Noting that he has dated three Eurasian women, Safran conducts an experiment by stealing and smelling the underwear of five Jewish and five Eurasian women (including Nicole Scherzinger of the Pussycat Dolls and actress Dichen Lachman) to see which he \"prefers\". Inspired by the 1961 book Black Like Me, Safran travels the streets of Chicago after undergoing makeup that makes him appear black. He interviews some militants, preaches at a predominantly black church and confronts people for using the word \"nigger\". After former Muslim terrorist Walid Shoebat tells Safran that his hatred of Jews was quashed after watching \"Fiddler on the Roof\" 300 times, Safran heads to the Palestinian territories, where he attempts to \"de-brainwash\" representatives of Fatah and Hamas by performing \"If I Were a Rich Man\" for them. Satisfied with their positive response, Safran performs the song on a Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation talk show. Safran attempts to rid himself of Jewish guilt about inter-racial relationships by flying a \"shiksa\" (non-Jewish woman) to Amsterdam, where he asks her to make out with him in Anne Frank's attic.", "Jeremy D. Safran Jeremy David Safran (April 23, 1952 \u2013 May 7, 2018) was a Canadian-born American clinical psychologist, psychoanalyst, lecturer, and psychotherapy researcher. He was a professor of psychology at the New School for Social Research, where he served for many years as director of clinical training. He was also a faculty member at New York University's postdoctoral program in psychoanalysis and The Stephen A. Mitchell Center for Relational Studies. He was co-founder and co-chair (along with Lewis Aron and Adrienne Harris) of The Sandor Ferenczi Center at the New School for Social Research. In addition he was past-president of The International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. Jeremy D. Safran was born on April 23, 1952 in Calgary, Canada to Jewish parents. Though Safran was raised Jewish and identified as culturally Jewish throughout his life, he found a spiritual home within his practice of Buddhism. Safran earned his Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of British Columbia in 1982. After finishing his Ph.D. in 1982, Safran became the director of the Cognitive Therapy Unit at the Clarke Institute of Psychiatry in Toronto from 1986 until 1990 when he was appointed Associate Professor of Psychology at The Derner Institute for Advanced Psychological Studies at Adelphi University in Garden City, New York. Safran held this position until 1993 when he was appointed Professor of Psychology and Director of Clinical Training at The New School for Social Research in Manhattan. Safran would hold this position until his death in 2018. Safran joined the faculty at the New School for Social Research shortly after the program had been placed on probation by the American Psychological Association."], "answer": {"text": "Safran also presented segments for the Seven Network's now defunct Late Report,", "answer_start": 506}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What race is \"After the Race\" referring to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1997?", "answer": {"text": "After this brush with fame the ABC commissioned two 30-minute TV pilots from Safran.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the pilots called?", "answer": {"text": "One pilot called John Safran: Media Tycoon focused on the media industry, airing in 1998.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it make it to television?", "answer": {"text": "It became famous for a segment, involving then host of tabloid current affairs TV show", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it last?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the other pilot's name?", "answer": {"text": "The second pilot was titled John Safran: Master Chef.", "answer_start": 1212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this pilot make it to television?", "answer": {"text": "Though all unsuccessful, the pilots became hits via the Internet among university students.", "answer_start": 1502, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#0", "question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "rewrite": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment of the United States Army (Union Army) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), most famous for its defense of Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863. The 133rd Engineer Battalion of the Maine Army National Guard and the United States Army today carries on the lineage and traditions of the 20th Maine. The 20th Maine was organized in the state of Maine and mustered into Federal service on August 29, 1862, with Col. Adelbert Ames as its commander. It was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, where it would remain until mustered out on July 16, 1865. At that time, the brigade also consisted of the 16th Michigan, the 12th, 17th, and 44th New York, 83rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry regiments, and a Michigan company of sharpshooters. Prior to their notable actions at Gettysburg in July 1863, the regiment was held in reserve at Antietam in September 1862, was among those forced to remain overnight within sight of the Confederate lines at Fredericksburg in December 1862, forcing the regiment's Lt. Col. Joshua Chamberlain to shield himself with a dead man. The unit was unable to participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville in April-May 1863, due to a quarantine prompted by a tainted smallpox vaccine that had been issued to the unit's soldiers. On May 20, 1863, Colonel Ames was promoted and was succeeded as colonel and commander of the regiment by Lt. Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain, who had been offered and declined leadership of the unit at the time it was formed.", "On April 20, 1863 he was promoted to First Lieutenant of Company F. On April 2, 1863, Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, appointed him acting Adjutant of the regiment. He served in this position until army restructuring by the incoming General Ulysses S. Grant, in March. On July 2, 1863, Melcher took part in the bayonet charge at Little Round Top that helped repulse the Confederate attack. On the second day of Battle of Gettysburg, military forces moved to Little Round Top, where Chamberlain began preparing strategic options, as Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker was recently replaced by George G. Meade. As fighting raged in the Wheatfield and Devil's Den, brigade commander Col. Strong Vincent had a precarious hold on Little Round Top, an important hill at the extreme left of the Union line. His brigade of four relatively small regiments was able to resist repeated assaults by Brig. Gen. Evander M. Law's brigade of Hood's division. The defense of Little Round Top with a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine was one of the most fabled episodes in the Civil War. There has been some controversy tied to the charge on Little Round Top with historians challenging who exactly lead the charge. A certain faction of historians agree that it was Joshua Chamberlain who conceived of a charge while others argue that Melcher physically engaged first. Chamberlain referred to the controversy as \"The Melcher incident\". This was later confirmed by Brigadier General Ellis Spear, as he stated that Melcher initiated the charge by ordering the remains of his company to move forward a few steps to cover and protect fallen comrades in front of them on top of the hill. Spear concluded prior to the order of Chamberlain to fix bayonets, Melcher \"led the impulsive charge, responding to the cries of wounded comrades between the lines.", "Thomas A. Desjardin Thomas A. ( Tom) Desjardin (born 1964) served as Maine's Acting Commissioner of the Department of Education. He is an American historian who has written books on the American Civil War and American Revolutionary War. Desjardin was born at St. Mary's Hospital, now Saint Mary's Regional Medical Center (Maine) in Lewiston, Maine. Desjardin earned a bachelor's degree in government and a master's degree in communication from Florida State University, where he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. He earned a Ph.D. in U.S. History from the University of Maine and has taught at his \"alma mater\" (FSU), at Bowdoin College, and the University of Maine. He is also a former fellow at the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History in New York City. 1993 - Feature Film Gettysburg (1993 film). Historical advisor to actor Jeff Daniels - In 2011, Daniels said publicly of his role as Joshua Chamberlain: \"For me, whatever people think that role was, it is because of Tom Desjardin.\" 1999, 2006, 2013 C-SPAN's Book TV 1999 - History Channel - \"Unknown Civil War\" series - on air historical consultant 2000 - History Channel - \"Joshua L. Chamberlain\" 2000 - A&E Network - \"Biography\" 2015 - The Gettysburg Address (film) - In Production. While a student at FSU in 1984, Desjardin was the emcee at a pep rally and introduced the famous \"Seminole War Chant\" to FSU fans for the first time. A former archivist/historian at Gettysburg National Military Park, much of his historical research has been devoted to Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, on the mythology of the Gettysburg story, and Maine history. His work was twice nominated for the prestigious Lincoln Prize.", "They missed the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863 due to an outbreak of smallpox in their ranks, which kept them on guard duty in the rear. In June 1863, Joshua was promoted to colonel of the regiment, after the promotion of its first colonel, Adelbert Ames, to brigade command. Thomas Chamberlain was involved in most of the other battles in which the 20th Maine fought, most notably the Battle of Gettysburg. During the defense of Little Round Top, the 20th Maine came under heavy attack from the Confederate 15th Alabama regiment, part of the division led by Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood, and after about 3\u20134 hours of fighting the 20th Maine completely ran out of ammunition. Chamberlain's brother Joshua recognized the dire circumstances and ordered his left wing to respond to the rebels by charging downhill with fixed bayonets, thus ending the Confederate attack on the hill. The 20th Maine and the 83rd Pennsylvania together captured over 400 soldiers from the attacking Confederate forces. Joshua was slightly wounded in the foot by a spent bullet. Thomas was unhurt, except for \"several scratches\". As a result of their valiant defense of the hill, the Chamberlain brothers, Joshua Chamberlain especially, and the 20th Maine gained a great reputation and they were the subject of many publications and stories. After Gettysburg, the major battles in which Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved were the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and the Siege of Petersburg. At the Siege of Petersburg, the 20th Maine was in reserve, while Joshua (against his better judgment) led his Pennsylvania Bucktail brigade in a charge on a section of the Confederate defenses known as Rives's Salient. Turning to direct his troops, Joshua was struck by a mini\u00e9 ball, which entered just below his right hip, nicked his bladder and urethra, and stopped at his left hip.", "Such a devastating wound should have been fatal, and when he arrived at the field hospital, three miles behind the lines, his life was feared over. Thomas Chamberlain, back with his regiment, eventually heard the news. He and the surgeon of the 20th Maine, Dr. Abner O. Shaw, went to the hospital where Joshua was dying. As Thomas waited, Dr. Shaw, with Dr. Morris W. Townsend of the 44th New York, worked all night to try to save Joshua Chamberlain's life. Thirty-five years later, Joshua Chamberlain wrote that, after the surgeons had finished: \"Tom stood over me like a brother, and such a one as he was.\" Remarkably, Col. Chamberlain survived to enjoy his \"on the spot\" promotion to brigadier general, although he never returned to full fitness. A number of biographers of Joshua Chamberlain say that his life was saved through the activity of his brother, Thomas. After Petersburg, Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved in the Battle of Five Forks (for which he was awarded Brevet Lieutenant Colonel for his bravery) and the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse. At the end of the war, the 20th Maine marched from Appomattox, Virginia, on May 2, reaching Washington, D.C., on May 12, where it was then finally mustered out of service on July 16, 1865. He ended the war with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war, despite his distinguished military record, Chamberlain drifted from one job to another. He suffered from alcoholism as well as severe lung disease and heart disease. He died at age 55 in Bangor, Maine. Chamberlain was a character in Michael Shaara's Pulitzer Prize-winning historical novel, \"The Killer Angels\"."], "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#1", "question": "What happened to him during the battle", "rewrite": "What happened to Joshua Chamberlain during the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Such a devastating wound should have been fatal, and when he arrived at the field hospital, three miles behind the lines, his life was feared over. Thomas Chamberlain, back with his regiment, eventually heard the news. He and the surgeon of the 20th Maine, Dr. Abner O. Shaw, went to the hospital where Joshua was dying. As Thomas waited, Dr. Shaw, with Dr. Morris W. Townsend of the 44th New York, worked all night to try to save Joshua Chamberlain's life. Thirty-five years later, Joshua Chamberlain wrote that, after the surgeons had finished: \"Tom stood over me like a brother, and such a one as he was.\" Remarkably, Col. Chamberlain survived to enjoy his \"on the spot\" promotion to brigadier general, although he never returned to full fitness. A number of biographers of Joshua Chamberlain say that his life was saved through the activity of his brother, Thomas. After Petersburg, Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved in the Battle of Five Forks (for which he was awarded Brevet Lieutenant Colonel for his bravery) and the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse. At the end of the war, the 20th Maine marched from Appomattox, Virginia, on May 2, reaching Washington, D.C., on May 12, where it was then finally mustered out of service on July 16, 1865. He ended the war with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war, despite his distinguished military record, Chamberlain drifted from one job to another. He suffered from alcoholism as well as severe lung disease and heart disease. He died at age 55 in Bangor, Maine. Chamberlain was a character in Michael Shaara's Pulitzer Prize-winning historical novel, \"The Killer Angels\".", "They missed the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863 due to an outbreak of smallpox in their ranks, which kept them on guard duty in the rear. In June 1863, Joshua was promoted to colonel of the regiment, after the promotion of its first colonel, Adelbert Ames, to brigade command. Thomas Chamberlain was involved in most of the other battles in which the 20th Maine fought, most notably the Battle of Gettysburg. During the defense of Little Round Top, the 20th Maine came under heavy attack from the Confederate 15th Alabama regiment, part of the division led by Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood, and after about 3\u20134 hours of fighting the 20th Maine completely ran out of ammunition. Chamberlain's brother Joshua recognized the dire circumstances and ordered his left wing to respond to the rebels by charging downhill with fixed bayonets, thus ending the Confederate attack on the hill. The 20th Maine and the 83rd Pennsylvania together captured over 400 soldiers from the attacking Confederate forces. Joshua was slightly wounded in the foot by a spent bullet. Thomas was unhurt, except for \"several scratches\". As a result of their valiant defense of the hill, the Chamberlain brothers, Joshua Chamberlain especially, and the 20th Maine gained a great reputation and they were the subject of many publications and stories. After Gettysburg, the major battles in which Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved were the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and the Siege of Petersburg. At the Siege of Petersburg, the 20th Maine was in reserve, while Joshua (against his better judgment) led his Pennsylvania Bucktail brigade in a charge on a section of the Confederate defenses known as Rives's Salient. Turning to direct his troops, Joshua was struck by a mini\u00e9 ball, which entered just below his right hip, nicked his bladder and urethra, and stopped at his left hip.", "On April 20, 1863 he was promoted to First Lieutenant of Company F. On April 2, 1863, Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, appointed him acting Adjutant of the regiment. He served in this position until army restructuring by the incoming General Ulysses S. Grant, in March. On July 2, 1863, Melcher took part in the bayonet charge at Little Round Top that helped repulse the Confederate attack. On the second day of Battle of Gettysburg, military forces moved to Little Round Top, where Chamberlain began preparing strategic options, as Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker was recently replaced by George G. Meade. As fighting raged in the Wheatfield and Devil's Den, brigade commander Col. Strong Vincent had a precarious hold on Little Round Top, an important hill at the extreme left of the Union line. His brigade of four relatively small regiments was able to resist repeated assaults by Brig. Gen. Evander M. Law's brigade of Hood's division. The defense of Little Round Top with a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine was one of the most fabled episodes in the Civil War. There has been some controversy tied to the charge on Little Round Top with historians challenging who exactly lead the charge. A certain faction of historians agree that it was Joshua Chamberlain who conceived of a charge while others argue that Melcher physically engaged first. Chamberlain referred to the controversy as \"The Melcher incident\". This was later confirmed by Brigadier General Ellis Spear, as he stated that Melcher initiated the charge by ordering the remains of his company to move forward a few steps to cover and protect fallen comrades in front of them on top of the hill. Spear concluded prior to the order of Chamberlain to fix bayonets, Melcher \"led the impulsive charge, responding to the cries of wounded comrades between the lines.", "20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment of the United States Army (Union Army) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), most famous for its defense of Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863. The 133rd Engineer Battalion of the Maine Army National Guard and the United States Army today carries on the lineage and traditions of the 20th Maine. The 20th Maine was organized in the state of Maine and mustered into Federal service on August 29, 1862, with Col. Adelbert Ames as its commander. It was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, where it would remain until mustered out on July 16, 1865. At that time, the brigade also consisted of the 16th Michigan, the 12th, 17th, and 44th New York, 83rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry regiments, and a Michigan company of sharpshooters. Prior to their notable actions at Gettysburg in July 1863, the regiment was held in reserve at Antietam in September 1862, was among those forced to remain overnight within sight of the Confederate lines at Fredericksburg in December 1862, forcing the regiment's Lt. Col. Joshua Chamberlain to shield himself with a dead man. The unit was unable to participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville in April-May 1863, due to a quarantine prompted by a tainted smallpox vaccine that had been issued to the unit's soldiers. On May 20, 1863, Colonel Ames was promoted and was succeeded as colonel and commander of the regiment by Lt. Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain, who had been offered and declined leadership of the unit at the time it was formed.", "Thomas A. Desjardin Thomas A. ( Tom) Desjardin (born 1964) served as Maine's Acting Commissioner of the Department of Education. He is an American historian who has written books on the American Civil War and American Revolutionary War. Desjardin was born at St. Mary's Hospital, now Saint Mary's Regional Medical Center (Maine) in Lewiston, Maine. Desjardin earned a bachelor's degree in government and a master's degree in communication from Florida State University, where he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. He earned a Ph.D. in U.S. History from the University of Maine and has taught at his \"alma mater\" (FSU), at Bowdoin College, and the University of Maine. He is also a former fellow at the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History in New York City. 1993 - Feature Film Gettysburg (1993 film). Historical advisor to actor Jeff Daniels - In 2011, Daniels said publicly of his role as Joshua Chamberlain: \"For me, whatever people think that role was, it is because of Tom Desjardin.\" 1999, 2006, 2013 C-SPAN's Book TV 1999 - History Channel - \"Unknown Civil War\" series - on air historical consultant 2000 - History Channel - \"Joshua L. Chamberlain\" 2000 - A&E Network - \"Biography\" 2015 - The Gettysburg Address (film) - In Production. While a student at FSU in 1984, Desjardin was the emcee at a pep rally and introduced the famous \"Seminole War Chant\" to FSU fans for the first time. A former archivist/historian at Gettysburg National Military Park, much of his historical research has been devoted to Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, on the mythology of the Gettysburg story, and Maine history. His work was twice nominated for the prestigious Lincoln Prize."], "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#2", "question": "Where was he moved to", "rewrite": "Where was Joshua Chamberlain moved to during the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Such a devastating wound should have been fatal, and when he arrived at the field hospital, three miles behind the lines, his life was feared over. Thomas Chamberlain, back with his regiment, eventually heard the news. He and the surgeon of the 20th Maine, Dr. Abner O. Shaw, went to the hospital where Joshua was dying. As Thomas waited, Dr. Shaw, with Dr. Morris W. Townsend of the 44th New York, worked all night to try to save Joshua Chamberlain's life. Thirty-five years later, Joshua Chamberlain wrote that, after the surgeons had finished: \"Tom stood over me like a brother, and such a one as he was.\" Remarkably, Col. Chamberlain survived to enjoy his \"on the spot\" promotion to brigadier general, although he never returned to full fitness. A number of biographers of Joshua Chamberlain say that his life was saved through the activity of his brother, Thomas. After Petersburg, Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved in the Battle of Five Forks (for which he was awarded Brevet Lieutenant Colonel for his bravery) and the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse. At the end of the war, the 20th Maine marched from Appomattox, Virginia, on May 2, reaching Washington, D.C., on May 12, where it was then finally mustered out of service on July 16, 1865. He ended the war with the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war, despite his distinguished military record, Chamberlain drifted from one job to another. He suffered from alcoholism as well as severe lung disease and heart disease. He died at age 55 in Bangor, Maine. Chamberlain was a character in Michael Shaara's Pulitzer Prize-winning historical novel, \"The Killer Angels\".", "20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment The 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment was a volunteer regiment of the United States Army (Union Army) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), most famous for its defense of Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863. The 133rd Engineer Battalion of the Maine Army National Guard and the United States Army today carries on the lineage and traditions of the 20th Maine. The 20th Maine was organized in the state of Maine and mustered into Federal service on August 29, 1862, with Col. Adelbert Ames as its commander. It was assigned to the Army of the Potomac in the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, V Corps, where it would remain until mustered out on July 16, 1865. At that time, the brigade also consisted of the 16th Michigan, the 12th, 17th, and 44th New York, 83rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry regiments, and a Michigan company of sharpshooters. Prior to their notable actions at Gettysburg in July 1863, the regiment was held in reserve at Antietam in September 1862, was among those forced to remain overnight within sight of the Confederate lines at Fredericksburg in December 1862, forcing the regiment's Lt. Col. Joshua Chamberlain to shield himself with a dead man. The unit was unable to participate in the Battle of Chancellorsville in April-May 1863, due to a quarantine prompted by a tainted smallpox vaccine that had been issued to the unit's soldiers. On May 20, 1863, Colonel Ames was promoted and was succeeded as colonel and commander of the regiment by Lt. Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain, who had been offered and declined leadership of the unit at the time it was formed.", "On April 20, 1863 he was promoted to First Lieutenant of Company F. On April 2, 1863, Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, appointed him acting Adjutant of the regiment. He served in this position until army restructuring by the incoming General Ulysses S. Grant, in March. On July 2, 1863, Melcher took part in the bayonet charge at Little Round Top that helped repulse the Confederate attack. On the second day of Battle of Gettysburg, military forces moved to Little Round Top, where Chamberlain began preparing strategic options, as Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker was recently replaced by George G. Meade. As fighting raged in the Wheatfield and Devil's Den, brigade commander Col. Strong Vincent had a precarious hold on Little Round Top, an important hill at the extreme left of the Union line. His brigade of four relatively small regiments was able to resist repeated assaults by Brig. Gen. Evander M. Law's brigade of Hood's division. The defense of Little Round Top with a bayonet charge by the 20th Maine was one of the most fabled episodes in the Civil War. There has been some controversy tied to the charge on Little Round Top with historians challenging who exactly lead the charge. A certain faction of historians agree that it was Joshua Chamberlain who conceived of a charge while others argue that Melcher physically engaged first. Chamberlain referred to the controversy as \"The Melcher incident\". This was later confirmed by Brigadier General Ellis Spear, as he stated that Melcher initiated the charge by ordering the remains of his company to move forward a few steps to cover and protect fallen comrades in front of them on top of the hill. Spear concluded prior to the order of Chamberlain to fix bayonets, Melcher \"led the impulsive charge, responding to the cries of wounded comrades between the lines.", "Thomas A. Desjardin Thomas A. ( Tom) Desjardin (born 1964) served as Maine's Acting Commissioner of the Department of Education. He is an American historian who has written books on the American Civil War and American Revolutionary War. Desjardin was born at St. Mary's Hospital, now Saint Mary's Regional Medical Center (Maine) in Lewiston, Maine. Desjardin earned a bachelor's degree in government and a master's degree in communication from Florida State University, where he was a member of Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. He earned a Ph.D. in U.S. History from the University of Maine and has taught at his \"alma mater\" (FSU), at Bowdoin College, and the University of Maine. He is also a former fellow at the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History in New York City. 1993 - Feature Film Gettysburg (1993 film). Historical advisor to actor Jeff Daniels - In 2011, Daniels said publicly of his role as Joshua Chamberlain: \"For me, whatever people think that role was, it is because of Tom Desjardin.\" 1999, 2006, 2013 C-SPAN's Book TV 1999 - History Channel - \"Unknown Civil War\" series - on air historical consultant 2000 - History Channel - \"Joshua L. Chamberlain\" 2000 - A&E Network - \"Biography\" 2015 - The Gettysburg Address (film) - In Production. While a student at FSU in 1984, Desjardin was the emcee at a pep rally and introduced the famous \"Seminole War Chant\" to FSU fans for the first time. A former archivist/historian at Gettysburg National Military Park, much of his historical research has been devoted to Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, on the mythology of the Gettysburg story, and Maine history. His work was twice nominated for the prestigious Lincoln Prize.", "They missed the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863 due to an outbreak of smallpox in their ranks, which kept them on guard duty in the rear. In June 1863, Joshua was promoted to colonel of the regiment, after the promotion of its first colonel, Adelbert Ames, to brigade command. Thomas Chamberlain was involved in most of the other battles in which the 20th Maine fought, most notably the Battle of Gettysburg. During the defense of Little Round Top, the 20th Maine came under heavy attack from the Confederate 15th Alabama regiment, part of the division led by Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood, and after about 3\u20134 hours of fighting the 20th Maine completely ran out of ammunition. Chamberlain's brother Joshua recognized the dire circumstances and ordered his left wing to respond to the rebels by charging downhill with fixed bayonets, thus ending the Confederate attack on the hill. The 20th Maine and the 83rd Pennsylvania together captured over 400 soldiers from the attacking Confederate forces. Joshua was slightly wounded in the foot by a spent bullet. Thomas was unhurt, except for \"several scratches\". As a result of their valiant defense of the hill, the Chamberlain brothers, Joshua Chamberlain especially, and the 20th Maine gained a great reputation and they were the subject of many publications and stories. After Gettysburg, the major battles in which Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved were the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and the Siege of Petersburg. At the Siege of Petersburg, the 20th Maine was in reserve, while Joshua (against his better judgment) led his Pennsylvania Bucktail brigade in a charge on a section of the Confederate defenses known as Rives's Salient. Turning to direct his troops, Joshua was struck by a mini\u00e9 ball, which entered just below his right hip, nicked his bladder and urethra, and stopped at his left hip."], "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren.", "answer_start": 383}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him during the battle", "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#3", "question": "What happened to these men", "rewrite": "What happened to Chamberlain's Brigade during the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Michigan Brigade The Michigan Brigade, sometimes called the Wolverines, the Michigan Cavalry Brigade or Custer's Brigade, was a brigade of cavalry in the volunteer Union Army during the latter half of the American Civil War. Composed primarily of the 1st Michigan Cavalry, 5th Michigan Cavalry, 6th Michigan Cavalry and 7th Michigan Cavalry, the Michigan Brigade fought in every major campaign of the Army of the Potomac from the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 to the Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865. The brigade first gained fame during the Gettysburg Campaign under the command of youthful Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer. After the war, several men associated with the brigade joined the 7th U.S. Cavalry Regiment and later fought again under Custer in the Old West frontier. The Michigan Cavalry Brigade was created on December 12, 1862, at Washington, D.C.. It originally consisted of the 5th, 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry regiments, under the command of General Joseph T. Copeland. During the early part of the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, the 1st Michigan Cavalry and Battery M, 2nd United States Artillery were added to the brigade in central Maryland as part of a major reorganization of the Army of the Potomac's Cavalry Corps by its commander, Alfred Pleasonton. The larger brigade was assigned to the newly promoted Custer, who assumed command near Westminster, Maryland. The Michigan Brigade saw its first combat action as an entity at the Battle of Hanover in southern Pennsylvania on June 30, 1863. There, Custer's men were deployed as a strong advance skirmish line south of town. Two days later, on July 2, the brigade participated in the Battle of Hunterstown, where one of the Wolverines, Norville Churchill, rescued a fallen Custer, who was pinned in the road under his slain horse. At the subsequent Battle of Gettysburg, the Michigan Brigade was posted east of Gettysburg along the Hanover Road on July 3.", "During the Civil War Centennial, the U.S. Post Office issued five postage stamps commemorating the 100th anniversaries of famous battles, as they occurred over a four-year period, beginning with the Battle of Fort Sumter Centennial issue of 1961. The Battle of Shiloh commemorative stamp was issued in 1962, the Battle of Gettysburg in 1963, the Battle of the Wilderness in 1964, and the Appomattox Centennial commemorative stamp in 1965. A commemorative half dollar for the battle was produced in 1936. As was typical for the period, mintage for the coin was very low, just 26,928. On January 24, 2011, the America the Beautiful quarters released a 25-cent coin commemorating Gettysburg National Military Park and the Battle of Gettysburg. The reverse side of the coin depicts the monument on Cemetery Ridge to the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry. Film records survive of two Gettysburg reunions, held on the battlefield. At the 50th anniversary (1913), veterans re-enacted Pickett's Charge in a spirit of reconciliation, a meeting that carried great emotional force for both sides. At the 75th anniversary (1938), 2500 veterans attended, and there was a ceremonial mass hand-shake across a stone wall. This was recorded on sound film, and some Confederates can be heard giving the Rebel Yell. The Battle of Gettysburg was depicted in the 1993 film \"Gettysburg\", based on Michael Shaara's 1974 novel \"The Killer Angels\". The film and novel focused primarily on the actions of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, John Buford, Robert E. Lee, and James Longstreet during the battle. The first day focused on Buford's cavalry defense, the second day on Chamberlain's defense at Little Round Top, and the third day on Pickett's Charge.", "They missed the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863 due to an outbreak of smallpox in their ranks, which kept them on guard duty in the rear. In June 1863, Joshua was promoted to colonel of the regiment, after the promotion of its first colonel, Adelbert Ames, to brigade command. Thomas Chamberlain was involved in most of the other battles in which the 20th Maine fought, most notably the Battle of Gettysburg. During the defense of Little Round Top, the 20th Maine came under heavy attack from the Confederate 15th Alabama regiment, part of the division led by Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood, and after about 3\u20134 hours of fighting the 20th Maine completely ran out of ammunition. Chamberlain's brother Joshua recognized the dire circumstances and ordered his left wing to respond to the rebels by charging downhill with fixed bayonets, thus ending the Confederate attack on the hill. The 20th Maine and the 83rd Pennsylvania together captured over 400 soldiers from the attacking Confederate forces. Joshua was slightly wounded in the foot by a spent bullet. Thomas was unhurt, except for \"several scratches\". As a result of their valiant defense of the hill, the Chamberlain brothers, Joshua Chamberlain especially, and the 20th Maine gained a great reputation and they were the subject of many publications and stories. After Gettysburg, the major battles in which Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved were the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and the Siege of Petersburg. At the Siege of Petersburg, the 20th Maine was in reserve, while Joshua (against his better judgment) led his Pennsylvania Bucktail brigade in a charge on a section of the Confederate defenses known as Rives's Salient. Turning to direct his troops, Joshua was struck by a mini\u00e9 ball, which entered just below his right hip, nicked his bladder and urethra, and stopped at his left hip.", "The Passing of the Armies The Passing of the Armies, full title The Passing of the Armies; An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac, Based Upon Personal Reminiscences of the Fifth Army Corps is an American Civil War memoir written by Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, a renowned commander most famous for his actions on Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is an autobiographical account describing Chamberlain's experiences in one of the final campaigns of the Civil War and its immediate aftermath, on and off the battlefield. It follows his accounts through Petersburg, White Oak Road, Five Forks, and Appomattox (where Chamberlain was given the honor of accepting the Confederate surrender). Post-surrender events up to and including the participation of Chamberlain and his brigade in the Grand Review of the Armies in Washington, D.C. are also described. Throughout the book, Chamberlain frequently expresses his respect for the soldiers of both the Confederacy and the Union. It was published by Putnam and Sons in 1915, a year after Chamberlain's death. Respect for the Confederate Army, a common theme in the book, was never more greatly expressed than at the surrender at Appomattox. Chamberlain recalled the events: We formed...to face the last line of battle, and receive the last remnant of the arms and colors of that great army which ours had been created to confront for all that death can do for life. Chamberlain goes on to recount how the withered remnants of the armies, formerly robust and strong at the beginning of the war, met each other. The remnants of Hood's division at the Battle of Gettysburg united with the Union Third Corps, exchanging mutual respect. He explains how Longstreet's corps could not be greeted properly after having exchanged volleys of fire and death with each other.", "United States Christian Commission The Christian Commission was created in response to what the troops suffered in the First Battle of Bull Run. On November 14, 1861, the National Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) called a convention which met in New York City. Leaders outlined the work needed to support the soldiers, the design for the United States Christian Commission, whose organization was completed next day. Two of the founding members were Vincent Colyer, who was appalled by the aftermath of the battle of Bull Run, and George Stuart, a well-to-do businessman. The YMCA and Protestant ministers formed the USCC. Its five thousand volunteers (\"delegates\") included seminary students, but many were just concerned Christians. As civilians on the battlefield, they did not carry weapons. They distributed more than $6 million worth of goods and supplies in hospitals, camps, prisons and battlefields. The original plan of the USCC was to help the clergy of the armed services in their daily work, as the chaplaincy program was in its infancy, with only some 30 members, who were quickly overwhelmed by the scale of battles and casualties, and especially by the rapidly increasing number of deaths due to wounds and more so to disease. John Calhoun Chamberlain, brother of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and Thomas Chamberlain, heroes of Little Round Top, served with the USCC during the Battle of Gettysburg. During the evening of July 2, John assisted at the medical field station set up for his brothers' regiment, the 20th Maine. John filed a report to the central office, describing the activities of the USCC at Gettysburg. This report is found in Chamberlain's Christian Commission diary, kept during the battle of Gettysburg and is recorded in Edinborough Press' book, Gettysburg and the Christian Commission. Women also participated."], "answer": {"text": "He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs.", "answer_start": 634}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him during the battle", "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he moved to", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#4", "question": "Who atacked his men", "rewrite": "Who attacked Chamberlain's men during the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1935, MacDonald stood down as Prime Minister, taking Baldwin's post as Lord President of the Council, and Baldwin became Prime Minister for the third time. Chamberlain remained at the Treasury, almost the only Cabinet member not to be moved in the subsequent reshuffle. Chamberlain was still spoken of as 'heir apparent', but feared being eclipsed by a younger man. To be seen more as the second man of the Government, he insisted on moving into Number 11 Downing Street, the Chancellor's traditional residence, which had been occupied by Baldwin during MacDonald's premiership. Baldwin indicated his desire to remain in office until his 70th birthday in August 1937, but Chamberlain doubted he would last that long. In the 1935 General Election, the Conservative-dominated National Government lost 90 seats from the massive majority of 1931, but still retained an overwhelming majority of 255 in the House of Commons. During the campaign, Deputy Labour Leader Arthur Greenwood attacked Chamberlain for spending money on re-armament, stating that the re-armament policy was \"the merest scaremongering, disgraceful in a statesman of Mr. Chamberlain's responsible position, to suggest that more millions of money needed to be spent on armaments\". In January 1936, Edward VIII became king on the death of his father, George V. Chamberlain supported Baldwin's stance that King Edward must abdicate if he wished to marry the woman he loved, Wallis Warfield Simpson, a divorcee. After the conclusion of the Abdication Crisis, Baldwin announced that he would remain until shortly after the Coronation of King Edward's successor George VI. King George was crowned on 12 May 1937; Baldwin resigned on 28 May, advising the King to send for Chamberlain. Sir Austen did not live to see his brother's final \"climb ... to the top of the greasy pole\", having died two months earlier.", "During the campaign, deputy Labour leader Arthur Greenwood had attacked Chamberlain for spending money on rearmament, saying that the rearmament policy was \"the merest scaremongering; disgraceful in a statesman of Mr Chamberlain's responsible position, to suggest that more millions of money needed to be spent on armaments.\" Chamberlain is believed to have had a significant role in the 1936 abdication crisis. He wrote in his diary that Wallis Simpson, Edward VIII's intended wife, was \"an entirely unscrupulous woman who is not in love with the King but is exploiting him for her own purposes. She has already ruined him in money and jewels ...\" In common with the rest of the Cabinet, except Duff Cooper, he agreed with Baldwin that the King should abdicate if he married Simpson, and on 6 December he and Baldwin both stressed that the King should make his decision before Christmas; by one account, he believed that the uncertainty was \"hurting the Christmas trade\". The King abdicated on 10 December, four days after the meeting. Soon after the abdication, Baldwin announced that he would remain until shortly after the coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. On 28 May, two weeks after the Coronation, Baldwin resigned, advising the King to send for Chamberlain. Sir Austen did not live to see his brother's final \"climb ... to the top of the greasy pole,\" having died two months earlier. Upon his accession Chamberlain considered calling a general election, but with three and a half years remaining in the current Parliament's term he decided to wait.", "Von B\u00fclow suggested that Chamberlain should speak positively of Germany in public. Chamberlain inferred from von B\u00fclow's statement that he would do the same in the Reichstag. The day after the departure of the Kaiser and von B\u00fclow, on 30 November, Chamberlain grandiloquently spoke at Leicester of \"a new Triple Alliance between the Teutonic race and the two great trans-Atlantic branches of the Anglo-Saxon race which would become a potent influence on the future of the world.\" Though the Kaiser was complimentary, Friedrich von Holstein described Chamberlain's speech as a \"blunder\" and the \"Times\" attacked Chamberlain for using the term \"alliance\" without inhibition. On 11 December, von B\u00fclow spoke in the Reichstag in support of the Second Navy Bill, and made no reference to an agreement with Britain, which he described as a declining nation jealous of Germany. Chamberlain was startled but von Hatzfeldt assured him that von B\u00fclow's motivation was to fend off opponents in the Reichstag. Although Chamberlain was irritated by von B\u00fclow's behaviour, he still hoped for an agreement. Chamberlain and the British government had long wished for the federation of South Africa under the British crown, but it appeared that the growing wealth of the Transvaal would ensure that any future union of Southern African states would be as a Boer dominated republic outside the British Empire. Chamberlain sought British domination of the Transvaal and Orange Free State by endorsing the civil rights of the disenfranchised Uitlanders. Britain also exerted steady military pressure. In April 1897, Chamberlain asked the Cabinet to increase the British garrison in South Africa by three to four thousand men \u2013 consequently, the quantity of British forces in the area grew during the next two years.", "After the US Congress passed the Johnson Act, forbidding loans to nations in default on their debts, Chamberlain felt that Britain could not pay the entire debt, and, as the Act made no distinction between a partial and complete default, the Chancellor entirely suspended Britain's war debt payments to the US. In 1934, Chamberlain was able to declare a budget surplus, and restore many of the cuts in unemployment compensation and civil servant's salaries he had made after taking office. He told the Commons, \"We have now finished the story of \"Bleak House\" and are sitting down this afternoon to enjoy the first chapter of \"Great Expectations\".\" With MacDonald in physical and mental decline and Conservative Party leader Baldwin exhibiting ever greater lethargy, Chamberlain increasingly became the workhorse of the National Government. Defence spending had been heavily cut in Chamberlain's early budgets. By 1935, faced with a resurgent Germany under Hitler's leadership, he was convinced of the need for rearmament, and was the driving force behind Defence White Papers advocating rearmament in 1936 and 1937. Chamberlain especially urged the strengthening of the Royal Air Force, realising that Britain's traditional bulwark, the English Channel, was no defence against air power. Rearmament was an unpopular policy in Britain, and Labour attacked Chamberlain as a warmonger. Labour leader and Leader of the Opposition Clement Attlee spoke against the 1936 Budget as tremendously overspending on defence: \"Everything was devoted to piling up the instruments of death. \" Churchill also criticised the National Government's defence plans, though he called for an even faster buildup. Despite the sniping from both sides, Chamberlain was very concerned about the expense of rearmament, \"What a frightful bill we do owe to Master Hitler, damn him! If it only wasn't for Germany, we should be having such a wonderful time just now.\"", "According to R. B. Cockett, 'it is in the pages of \"Truth\" that Chamberlain's \"real\" political sympathies and prejudices can be found; political sympathies that were often in striking contrast to the official political postures adopted by his own government'. The Conservative newspaper \"Truth\", secretly bought and overseen by Chamerlain's friend and former MI5 officer Joseph Ball (now director of the Conservative research department), had been obtained as an attempt 'by a caucus within [the] British government to influence events anonymously via the control of a newspaper'. The paper was a 'Conservative propaganda organ', pro-Chamberlain, antisemitic and racist. The paper praised Hitler and attacked Chamberlain's enemies, 'a collection of persons and ideologies that would have closely resembled any hate-list that Hitler might have cared to draw up. Chief among these were the Bolsheviks/Communists and Jews'. Both \"Truth\" and Chamberlain accused people who questioned Chamberlain's attempts at appeasement with Nazi Germany of being 'unEnglish', 'Jewish/Communist traitor[s] of the true English cause', or having been mislead by 'Jewish-Communist propaganda'. The \"Daily Mirror\", which was a critic of Chamberlain, was accused in \"Truth\" of being manipulated by a secret, subversive Jewish interest; and Fleet Street at large was said to be a 'Jew-infested sink', led by the Jewish publisher Victor Gollancz. \"Truth\" also attacked Jewish figures directly."], "answer": {"text": "The men from Maine waited until troops from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. William C. Oates, charged up the hill,", "answer_start": 771}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him during the battle", "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he moved to", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#5", "question": "What did Chamberlains men do", "rewrite": "What did Chamberlains men do during the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chamberlain of the Exchequer The Chamberlains of the Exchequer were officials of the English Exchequer from its creation until 10 October 1826, when the offices were abolished and their duties transferred to the Auditor of the Exchequer. The chamberlains originated as subordinates of the master chamberlain assigned to serve in the treasury, and migrated into the Exchequer as it became established under Henry I. The office of the original chamberlains became hereditary, and these chamberlains are sometimes called chamberlains-in-fee. It soon became a regular practice for them to appoint a knight to attend in the Exchequer and carry out their duties. As the business of the Exchequer increased, the chamberlains in fee largely ceased their personal attendance on the Exchequer in favor of their deputies. On at least one occasion, during the reign of Edward I, a chamberlain in fee (the 9th Earl of Warwick) appointed two deputies, one to attend in the Exchequer of Pleas and the other in the Exchequer of Receipt; it was more usual for one deputy to be appointed, whose principal business was in the Receipt, or lower Exchequer. As the chamberlains in fee became merged into the Crown and ceased attendance, the deputies themselves became known as Chamberlains of the Exchequer or Chamberlains of the Receipt. In the 12th century the two hereditary positions of Chamberlains-in-Fee were held by the Maudit and Fitzgerald families. The Maudit chamberlainship descended to the Beauchamp Earls of Warwick and passed into the hands of the Crown in 1483 upon the accession of Richard III, son-in-law of the 16th Earl. However the office was also held by the crown from death of Guy de Beauchamp in 1315 until the death of Edward II in 1327 because Guy's eldest son was only a young child. The Fitzgerald chamberlainship passed by marriage to the Redvers Earls of Devon.", "Chamberlains v Lai  Chamberlains v Lai [2006] NZSC 70, is an important case which lifted \"barristerial immunity\" in New Zealand as a defence to negligence claims against barristers for their actions in both civil and criminal proceedings, which had been a feature of New Zealand since the early 1970s. Chamberlains (a law firm) represented the Lais' horticulture company, S and L Lai Limited, in defending a claim for breach of fiduciary duty heard in the High Court of New Zealand by Blanchard J, during November 1995. Near the end of the trial, the judge asked Mr and Mrs Lai whether they would personally guarantee the judgement if their company lost in court, a stipulation they agreed to after obtaining the advice of their lawyer, an employee of Chamberlains. Unfortunately for the Lais, their company eventually lost in court, and judgement was entered against not only the company, but also against both of the Lais personally as well. Subsequently, the Lais sued Chamberlains for negligence in contract and in tort, as well breach of fiduciary duty, for which Chamberlains filed a defence of \"barristerial immunity\". Salmon and Laurenson JJ heard the new case as a full bench of the High Court, ultimately deciding that they were bound to uphold the validity of the defence due to precedent set by the New Zealand Court of Appeal. The Lais appealed to the New Zealand Court of Appeal and won by a 4-1 majority, Anderson P dissenting. Chamberlains subsequently filed an appeal with the Supreme Court of New Zealand. The Supreme Court of New Zealand struck out the defence of \"barristerial immunity\" in \"Chamberlains v Lai\" [2006] NZSC 70, meaning the Lai's were able to sue their lawyers for damages on an action in negligence.", "Board of Chamberlains The is a department of the Imperial Household Agency of Japan. According to Taih\u014d Code around the 8th century, it was presupposed that a chamberlain belonged to the Ministry of the Center. When the was installed during the Heian era, the chamberlain's role was quickly reduced, limited to matters of courtesy. In 1869, the chamberlain was brought within the Imperial Household Ministry. The position of Grand Chamberlain was placed within the merit system in 1871, and three people\u2014Tokudaiji Sanetsune, Masataka Kawase, and Higashikuze Michitomi\u2014were appointed. According to the Imperial Household Ministry regulations, the Grand Chamberlain supervises chamberlains who closely attend the appointed person, reports to that person and announces their orders. After World War II, the chamberlains were organized into the Board of the Chamberlains, within the Imperial Household Agency, through the temporary . After passage of the National Public Service Law (Sh\u014dwa 22 Law No. 120), the chamberlain became a special service national public servant. Although distinctions between first-class officials, second class officials, and so forth continued, the class publication to an appointment document would no longer be carried out after the 2001 Central Government Reform. The is a chief functionary of the Imperial court, and aide of the Emperor of Japan. He also keeps the Privy Seal and the State Seal and has been an official civil servant since the Meiji Period. Today, the Grand Chamberlain, assisted by a Vice-Grand Chamberlain, heads the Board of the Chamberlains. The Grand Chamberlain's job is that of an attestation official, and his appointment and dismissal are at the discretion of the Emperor. The Crown Prince of Japan is also served by a chamberlain. This official is called because the Crown Prince lives in the T\u014dg\u016b Palace (\"East Palace\").", "In the 1970s in association with the cryonics conferences they were holding at Lake Tahoe, the Chamberlains wrote a series of cryonics-related short stories, and published those stories along with stories by other cryonicists and transhumanists. Entitled \"LifeQuest: Dozens of Stories about Cryonics, Uploading, and other Transhuman Adventures\", the book was republished in 2009. Linda's mother Arlene Fried attended one of the festivals, and with Linda's urging joined Alcor and maintained arrangements for several years. Then, she developed terminal cancer that had been unsuspected until the last moment. Alcor mobilized a highly supported remote standby for that. Both Jerry Leaf and Mike Darwin were on hand for nearly a week in Sonoma, California, as Linda's mother went through the final stages of a deliberate dehydration on her part, with hospice support. The outcome was a very high-quality cryopreservation for the time (1990), the best of its kind at that date. In 1993, concerned that Alcor was in danger of political chaos, Alcor employee Hugh Hixon persuaded the Chamberlains to become involved with Alcor's activities and in the fall of that year, amidst much turmoil, Fred was elected as an Alcor Director, and the Chamberlains accompanied Alcor in its move to Scottsdale, Arizona. In February 1997, Steve Bridge resigned as President of Alcor, and the Chamberlains offered to devote themselves to Alcor full-time. Fred became Alcor President and Linda became the Suspension Manager (the person responsible for application of cryopreservation protocol). Alcor was in a difficult position when the Chamberlains came on board, as to maintaining pace with technology advances and paying for its staff at the same time.", "The Supreme Court quashed the findings of the initial inquest and ordered a second inquest in December 1981, with the taking of evidence concluded in February 1982. By an indictment presented to the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory in September 1982, Chamberlain was charged with Azaria's murder. Michael Chamberlain was charged with being an accessory after the fact. On 29 October 1982 the Chamberlains were both found guilty as charged. In committing the Chamberlains for trial, the coroner who performed the second inquest and recorded findings as to the cause and manner of Azaria's death, stated that although the evidence was, to a large degree, circumstantial, a jury properly instructed could arrive at a verdict; with regard to the clothing evidence, he surmised that the Chamberlains knew dingoes were in the area, attempted to simulate a dingo attack, recovered Azaria's buried body, removed her clothing, damaged it by cutting, rubbed it in vegetation, and deposited the clothes for later recovery. On this basis and that of blood evidence of unknown origin found in the Chamberlains' car, the Chamberlains were prosecuted and convicted for the murder of their 2-month old baby, with Lindy sentenced to life imprisonment without parole and Michael Chamberlain suspended for three years as an accessory to murder. The stain believed to have been blood that was found in the Chamberlains' car was later determined to be most likely a sound-deadening compound from a manufacturing overspray."], "answer": {"text": "At that crisis, I ordered the bayonet. The word was enough.\" While battlefield conditions make it unlikely that many men heard Chamberlain's order, most historians believe he initiated the charge.", "answer_start": 1331}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him during the battle", "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he moved to", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who atacked his men", "answer": {"text": "The men from Maine waited until troops from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. William C. Oates, charged up the hill,", "answer_start": 771, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#6", "question": "What ended up hapening to his men", "rewrite": "What ended up happening to Chamberlain's men during the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 2, the second day of the battle, Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town. Sensing the momentary vulnerability of the Union forces, the Confederates began an attack against the Union left flank. Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren. Chamberlain found himself and the 20th Maine at the far left end of the entire Union line. He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs. The men from Maine waited until troops from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. William C. Oates, charged up the hill, attempting to flank the Union position. Time and time again the Confederates struck, until the 20th Maine was almost doubled back upon itself. With many casualties and ammunition running low, Col. Chamberlain recognized the dire circumstances and ordered his left wing (which was now looking southeast, compared to the rest of the regiment, which was facing west) to initiate a bayonet charge. From his report of the day: \"At that crisis, I ordered the bayonet. The word was enough.\" While battlefield conditions make it unlikely that many men heard Chamberlain's order, most historians believe he initiated the charge. The 20th Maine charged down the hill, with the left wing wheeling continually to make the charging line swing like a hinge, thus creating a simultaneous frontal assault and flanking maneuver, capturing 101 of the Confederate soldiers and successfully saving the flank. This version of the battle was popularized by the book The Killer Angels and the movie Gettysburg, but there is debate on the historical validity of this account.", "The Passing of the Armies The Passing of the Armies, full title The Passing of the Armies; An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac, Based Upon Personal Reminiscences of the Fifth Army Corps is an American Civil War memoir written by Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, a renowned commander most famous for his actions on Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is an autobiographical account describing Chamberlain's experiences in one of the final campaigns of the Civil War and its immediate aftermath, on and off the battlefield. It follows his accounts through Petersburg, White Oak Road, Five Forks, and Appomattox (where Chamberlain was given the honor of accepting the Confederate surrender). Post-surrender events up to and including the participation of Chamberlain and his brigade in the Grand Review of the Armies in Washington, D.C. are also described. Throughout the book, Chamberlain frequently expresses his respect for the soldiers of both the Confederacy and the Union. It was published by Putnam and Sons in 1915, a year after Chamberlain's death. Respect for the Confederate Army, a common theme in the book, was never more greatly expressed than at the surrender at Appomattox. Chamberlain recalled the events: We formed...to face the last line of battle, and receive the last remnant of the arms and colors of that great army which ours had been created to confront for all that death can do for life. Chamberlain goes on to recount how the withered remnants of the armies, formerly robust and strong at the beginning of the war, met each other. The remnants of Hood's division at the Battle of Gettysburg united with the Union Third Corps, exchanging mutual respect. He explains how Longstreet's corps could not be greeted properly after having exchanged volleys of fire and death with each other.", "Gettysburg has many activities and tours to offer to vacationers and tourists who are interested in the Gettysburg area and the history of the community and the battle. Tourists for the annual reenactment of the Battle of Gettysburg use borough facilities, which include the Dobbin House Tavern and Hotel Gettysburg. Every year from July 1\u20133 volunteers reenact the Battle of Gettysburg. Each day re-enactors display a different part of the battle with commentary regarding the hardships of the battles. The battles are narrated by the battlefield guides of the Gettysburg National Military Park. Many roads radiate from Gettysburg, providing hub-like access to Washington, D.C. , Baltimore , Harrisburg , Carlisle , Frederick and Hagerstown, Maryland and Hanover, Pennsylvania . York is east on the Lincoln Highway (U.S. Route 30), the first transcontinental U.S. highway, and Chambersburg is west on it. Today the borough is a hour drive from Philadelphia and a hour drive from Pittsburgh via the Pennsylvania Turnpike and U.S. Route 15. Gettysburg Regional Airport, a small general aviation airport, is located west of Gettysburg. The main east-west road through downtown Gettysburg is U.S. Route 30, which is known as York Street east of Lincoln Square and Chambersburg Street west of Lincoln Square. York Adams Transportation Authority (YATA) operates public transportation in Adams County. Freedom Transit, implemented in 2009, The hub of the bus system, the new Gettysburg Transit Center, is under construction on Carlisle Street. Beginning in 2011, a Rabbit Transit commuter bus to Harrisburg runs four times each weekday in each direction. Residents of Gettysburg may attend the local, public schools operated by Gettysburg Area School District which provides full day kindergarten through 12th grade. In 2013, the Gettysburg Area School District's enrollment had declined to 2,997 students in kindergarten through 12th grade.", "United States Christian Commission The Christian Commission was created in response to what the troops suffered in the First Battle of Bull Run. On November 14, 1861, the National Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) called a convention which met in New York City. Leaders outlined the work needed to support the soldiers, the design for the United States Christian Commission, whose organization was completed next day. Two of the founding members were Vincent Colyer, who was appalled by the aftermath of the battle of Bull Run, and George Stuart, a well-to-do businessman. The YMCA and Protestant ministers formed the USCC. Its five thousand volunteers (\"delegates\") included seminary students, but many were just concerned Christians. As civilians on the battlefield, they did not carry weapons. They distributed more than $6 million worth of goods and supplies in hospitals, camps, prisons and battlefields. The original plan of the USCC was to help the clergy of the armed services in their daily work, as the chaplaincy program was in its infancy, with only some 30 members, who were quickly overwhelmed by the scale of battles and casualties, and especially by the rapidly increasing number of deaths due to wounds and more so to disease. John Calhoun Chamberlain, brother of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and Thomas Chamberlain, heroes of Little Round Top, served with the USCC during the Battle of Gettysburg. During the evening of July 2, John assisted at the medical field station set up for his brothers' regiment, the 20th Maine. John filed a report to the central office, describing the activities of the USCC at Gettysburg. This report is found in Chamberlain's Christian Commission diary, kept during the battle of Gettysburg and is recorded in Edinborough Press' book, Gettysburg and the Christian Commission. Women also participated.", "During the Civil War Centennial, the U.S. Post Office issued five postage stamps commemorating the 100th anniversaries of famous battles, as they occurred over a four-year period, beginning with the Battle of Fort Sumter Centennial issue of 1961. The Battle of Shiloh commemorative stamp was issued in 1962, the Battle of Gettysburg in 1963, the Battle of the Wilderness in 1964, and the Appomattox Centennial commemorative stamp in 1965. A commemorative half dollar for the battle was produced in 1936. As was typical for the period, mintage for the coin was very low, just 26,928. On January 24, 2011, the America the Beautiful quarters released a 25-cent coin commemorating Gettysburg National Military Park and the Battle of Gettysburg. The reverse side of the coin depicts the monument on Cemetery Ridge to the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry. Film records survive of two Gettysburg reunions, held on the battlefield. At the 50th anniversary (1913), veterans re-enacted Pickett's Charge in a spirit of reconciliation, a meeting that carried great emotional force for both sides. At the 75th anniversary (1938), 2500 veterans attended, and there was a ceremonial mass hand-shake across a stone wall. This was recorded on sound film, and some Confederates can be heard giving the Rebel Yell. The Battle of Gettysburg was depicted in the 1993 film \"Gettysburg\", based on Michael Shaara's 1974 novel \"The Killer Angels\". The film and novel focused primarily on the actions of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, John Buford, Robert E. Lee, and James Longstreet during the battle. The first day focused on Buford's cavalry defense, the second day on Chamberlain's defense at Little Round Top, and the third day on Pickett's Charge."], "answer": {"text": "charged down the hill, with the left wing wheeling continually to make the charging line swing like a hinge, thus creating a simultaneous frontal assault and flanking maneuver,", "answer_start": 1543}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him during the battle", "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he moved to", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who atacked his men", "answer": {"text": "The men from Maine waited until troops from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. William C. Oates, charged up the hill,", "answer_start": 771, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Chamberlains men do", "answer": {"text": "At that crisis, I ordered the bayonet. The word was enough.\" While battlefield conditions make it unlikely that many men heard Chamberlain's order, most historians believe he initiated the charge.", "answer_start": 1331, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#7", "question": "What did this cause", "rewrite": "What did the charging of Chamberlain's men down the hill cause during the Battle of Gettysburg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They missed the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863 due to an outbreak of smallpox in their ranks, which kept them on guard duty in the rear. In June 1863, Joshua was promoted to colonel of the regiment, after the promotion of its first colonel, Adelbert Ames, to brigade command. Thomas Chamberlain was involved in most of the other battles in which the 20th Maine fought, most notably the Battle of Gettysburg. During the defense of Little Round Top, the 20th Maine came under heavy attack from the Confederate 15th Alabama regiment, part of the division led by Maj. Gen. John Bell Hood, and after about 3\u20134 hours of fighting the 20th Maine completely ran out of ammunition. Chamberlain's brother Joshua recognized the dire circumstances and ordered his left wing to respond to the rebels by charging downhill with fixed bayonets, thus ending the Confederate attack on the hill. The 20th Maine and the 83rd Pennsylvania together captured over 400 soldiers from the attacking Confederate forces. Joshua was slightly wounded in the foot by a spent bullet. Thomas was unhurt, except for \"several scratches\". As a result of their valiant defense of the hill, the Chamberlain brothers, Joshua Chamberlain especially, and the 20th Maine gained a great reputation and they were the subject of many publications and stories. After Gettysburg, the major battles in which Thomas Chamberlain and the 20th Maine were involved were the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House and the Siege of Petersburg. At the Siege of Petersburg, the 20th Maine was in reserve, while Joshua (against his better judgment) led his Pennsylvania Bucktail brigade in a charge on a section of the Confederate defenses known as Rives's Salient. Turning to direct his troops, Joshua was struck by a mini\u00e9 ball, which entered just below his right hip, nicked his bladder and urethra, and stopped at his left hip.", "United States Christian Commission The Christian Commission was created in response to what the troops suffered in the First Battle of Bull Run. On November 14, 1861, the National Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) called a convention which met in New York City. Leaders outlined the work needed to support the soldiers, the design for the United States Christian Commission, whose organization was completed next day. Two of the founding members were Vincent Colyer, who was appalled by the aftermath of the battle of Bull Run, and George Stuart, a well-to-do businessman. The YMCA and Protestant ministers formed the USCC. Its five thousand volunteers (\"delegates\") included seminary students, but many were just concerned Christians. As civilians on the battlefield, they did not carry weapons. They distributed more than $6 million worth of goods and supplies in hospitals, camps, prisons and battlefields. The original plan of the USCC was to help the clergy of the armed services in their daily work, as the chaplaincy program was in its infancy, with only some 30 members, who were quickly overwhelmed by the scale of battles and casualties, and especially by the rapidly increasing number of deaths due to wounds and more so to disease. John Calhoun Chamberlain, brother of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and Thomas Chamberlain, heroes of Little Round Top, served with the USCC during the Battle of Gettysburg. During the evening of July 2, John assisted at the medical field station set up for his brothers' regiment, the 20th Maine. John filed a report to the central office, describing the activities of the USCC at Gettysburg. This report is found in Chamberlain's Christian Commission diary, kept during the battle of Gettysburg and is recorded in Edinborough Press' book, Gettysburg and the Christian Commission. Women also participated.", "During the Civil War Centennial, the U.S. Post Office issued five postage stamps commemorating the 100th anniversaries of famous battles, as they occurred over a four-year period, beginning with the Battle of Fort Sumter Centennial issue of 1961. The Battle of Shiloh commemorative stamp was issued in 1962, the Battle of Gettysburg in 1963, the Battle of the Wilderness in 1964, and the Appomattox Centennial commemorative stamp in 1965. A commemorative half dollar for the battle was produced in 1936. As was typical for the period, mintage for the coin was very low, just 26,928. On January 24, 2011, the America the Beautiful quarters released a 25-cent coin commemorating Gettysburg National Military Park and the Battle of Gettysburg. The reverse side of the coin depicts the monument on Cemetery Ridge to the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry. Film records survive of two Gettysburg reunions, held on the battlefield. At the 50th anniversary (1913), veterans re-enacted Pickett's Charge in a spirit of reconciliation, a meeting that carried great emotional force for both sides. At the 75th anniversary (1938), 2500 veterans attended, and there was a ceremonial mass hand-shake across a stone wall. This was recorded on sound film, and some Confederates can be heard giving the Rebel Yell. The Battle of Gettysburg was depicted in the 1993 film \"Gettysburg\", based on Michael Shaara's 1974 novel \"The Killer Angels\". The film and novel focused primarily on the actions of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, John Buford, Robert E. Lee, and James Longstreet during the battle. The first day focused on Buford's cavalry defense, the second day on Chamberlain's defense at Little Round Top, and the third day on Pickett's Charge.", "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 2, the second day of the battle, Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town. Sensing the momentary vulnerability of the Union forces, the Confederates began an attack against the Union left flank. Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren. Chamberlain found himself and the 20th Maine at the far left end of the entire Union line. He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs. The men from Maine waited until troops from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. William C. Oates, charged up the hill, attempting to flank the Union position. Time and time again the Confederates struck, until the 20th Maine was almost doubled back upon itself. With many casualties and ammunition running low, Col. Chamberlain recognized the dire circumstances and ordered his left wing (which was now looking southeast, compared to the rest of the regiment, which was facing west) to initiate a bayonet charge. From his report of the day: \"At that crisis, I ordered the bayonet. The word was enough.\" While battlefield conditions make it unlikely that many men heard Chamberlain's order, most historians believe he initiated the charge. The 20th Maine charged down the hill, with the left wing wheeling continually to make the charging line swing like a hinge, thus creating a simultaneous frontal assault and flanking maneuver, capturing 101 of the Confederate soldiers and successfully saving the flank. This version of the battle was popularized by the book The Killer Angels and the movie Gettysburg, but there is debate on the historical validity of this account.", "East Cemetery Hill East Cemetery Hill is a Gettysburg Battlefield landform used for the battle of East Cemetery Hill during the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg, Second Day. Located on the east of Gettysburg's Baltimore Street and the Baltimore Pike which meet on the hill, the hill is a northeast spur, and the east slope, of Cemetery Hill. The hill has numerous postbellum battlefield monuments, as well as artillery lunettes remaining from the Battle of Gettysburg. Slocum Avenue is on the south slope, while Wainwright Avenue is near the east base. The 1785 survey for James Gettys established the borough line across the spur, and the 1807 Gettysburg and Petersburg Turnpike Company operated the toll road on the summit. Raffensberger Hill was renamed \"East Cemetery Hill\" in 1858 after Evergreen Cemetery was established on the south slope of Cemetery Hill in 1854. Following the battle, a July 6 Union military camp was established on East Cemetery Hill, and the 1886 Camp Hancock was a postbellum camp on East Cemetery Hill. The Gettysburg Battlefield Memorial Association acquired the Raffensberger land during the memorial association era and operated an 1878 wooden observation tower of East Cemetery Hill had been built near the monument for Battery B, Pennsylvania Light Artillery. East Cemetery Hill became part of the Gettysburg National Military Park in 1895 and in 1875, on East Cemetery Hill were excavated for iron. The Gettysburg Water Company established a well on the hill's \"Crosta Lot\" in 1882, groundbreaking for the Gettysburg Cyclorama building for the 1913 Gettysburg reunion was in 1912, and the Howard equestrian statue was erected in 1932."], "answer": {"text": "capturing 101 of the Confederate soldiers and successfully saving the flank.", "answer_start": 1720}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him during the battle", "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he moved to", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who atacked his men", "answer": {"text": "The men from Maine waited until troops from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. William C. Oates, charged up the hill,", "answer_start": 771, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Chamberlains men do", "answer": {"text": "At that crisis, I ordered the bayonet. The word was enough.\" While battlefield conditions make it unlikely that many men heard Chamberlain's order, most historians believe he initiated the charge.", "answer_start": 1331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What ended up hapening to his men", "answer": {"text": "charged down the hill, with the left wing wheeling continually to make the charging line swing like a hinge, thus creating a simultaneous frontal assault and flanking maneuver,", "answer_start": 1543, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f85a669316eb453a958589f34148dd18_0_q#8", "question": "Where was this put in to", "rewrite": "Where was the information about Chamberlain's part in Gettysburg shared?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Southern African Sand Forest Southern African Sand Forest is a sand forest, or a subtropical forest ecoregion of the tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests biome. It grows on ancient sand dunes in northern KwaZulu-Natal and southern Mozambique. In South Africa these forests are known simply as Sand Forest, while in Mozambique they are known as Licuati Forest. Sand forests are thought to be relics of coastal dune forests, which have been separated from the ocean for more than a million years as the shoreline has shifted slowly eastwards over the millennia. Dunes have accreted on the southeast African coastal plain since the Pliocene, and frequent sand mobilization events during climatic changes have resulted in some reworking of the dunes. The geological history of the region suggests that the current ecosystems here may be of recent derivation and many endemic plant taxa comply with the concept of neo-endemics (recent locally evolved species), and biological evolution (notably speciation) is still in an active phase. Of the 225 Maputaland Centre plant endemic species, 30 are associated with sand forest and 20 are restricted to this vegetation type. Species typical of moist forests, such as ferns and mosses are scarce, and the activities of termites appear to limit the accumulation of leaf litter. Sand forest has a distinct boundary and also exhibits a narrow zone of 1\u20132 m of nearly bare soil directly bordering it. There are indications that sand forest has allelopathic effects which may bring about this zone of inhibition and this aids in limiting fires spreading from the neighboring savannah into the forest; creating a unique environment for itself. List references", "Blackwater rivers (e.g. the Rio Negro) commonly begin in these sand forests due to their accumulation of humic matter that is easily washed downstream, particularly after heavy rainfall. The majority of bird species found in sand forests is known to prefer sand forest habitat and are found rarely, if at all, in other types of habitats. There have been no studies, however, evaluating the habitat specialization of sand forest birds to determine whether these habitats have unique bird fauna. The majority of these birds are small ground dwellers. They often forage in the underbrush to find food because of the thick organic layers found in the sand forests. Their sharp beaks allow them to break through the thick coating of fruits and obtain the seeds inside. The exact role of fires in sand forests is not known and most studies disagree on the matter. However, evidence has shown that fires can help increase species diversity, particularly those that are specialized for such areas. For example, fire tolerant species may be more likely to colonize here. Historically speaking, some sand forests may have been the result of anthropogenic burning done by indigenous people. They would burn swaths of sand forest to obtain better hunting and farming grounds. Fires of any kind can have both positive and negative effects on the ecosystem. In some instances, a fire can cause one or just a few species to predominate when the forest begins to regenerate. However, fire can also promote more diversity within the regenerated forest. Because sand forests are isolated in small patches, they have been mostly protected from the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. However, they are still at risk of disturbance. Sand forests are extremely sensitive to destruction due to the harsh growth and survival conditions. Since the conditions are so tough to thrive in once an ecosystem declines, it may take hundreds of years for it to develop again.", "United States Christian Commission The Christian Commission was created in response to what the troops suffered in the First Battle of Bull Run. On November 14, 1861, the National Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) called a convention which met in New York City. Leaders outlined the work needed to support the soldiers, the design for the United States Christian Commission, whose organization was completed next day. Two of the founding members were Vincent Colyer, who was appalled by the aftermath of the battle of Bull Run, and George Stuart, a well-to-do businessman. The YMCA and Protestant ministers formed the USCC. Its five thousand volunteers (\"delegates\") included seminary students, but many were just concerned Christians. As civilians on the battlefield, they did not carry weapons. They distributed more than $6 million worth of goods and supplies in hospitals, camps, prisons and battlefields. The original plan of the USCC was to help the clergy of the armed services in their daily work, as the chaplaincy program was in its infancy, with only some 30 members, who were quickly overwhelmed by the scale of battles and casualties, and especially by the rapidly increasing number of deaths due to wounds and more so to disease. John Calhoun Chamberlain, brother of Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and Thomas Chamberlain, heroes of Little Round Top, served with the USCC during the Battle of Gettysburg. During the evening of July 2, John assisted at the medical field station set up for his brothers' regiment, the 20th Maine. John filed a report to the central office, describing the activities of the USCC at Gettysburg. This report is found in Chamberlain's Christian Commission diary, kept during the battle of Gettysburg and is recorded in Edinborough Press' book, Gettysburg and the Christian Commission. Women also participated.", "The Passing of the Armies The Passing of the Armies, full title The Passing of the Armies; An Account of the Final Campaign of the Army of the Potomac, Based Upon Personal Reminiscences of the Fifth Army Corps is an American Civil War memoir written by Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, a renowned commander most famous for his actions on Little Round Top at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is an autobiographical account describing Chamberlain's experiences in one of the final campaigns of the Civil War and its immediate aftermath, on and off the battlefield. It follows his accounts through Petersburg, White Oak Road, Five Forks, and Appomattox (where Chamberlain was given the honor of accepting the Confederate surrender). Post-surrender events up to and including the participation of Chamberlain and his brigade in the Grand Review of the Armies in Washington, D.C. are also described. Throughout the book, Chamberlain frequently expresses his respect for the soldiers of both the Confederacy and the Union. It was published by Putnam and Sons in 1915, a year after Chamberlain's death. Respect for the Confederate Army, a common theme in the book, was never more greatly expressed than at the surrender at Appomattox. Chamberlain recalled the events: We formed...to face the last line of battle, and receive the last remnant of the arms and colors of that great army which ours had been created to confront for all that death can do for life. Chamberlain goes on to recount how the withered remnants of the armies, formerly robust and strong at the beginning of the war, met each other. The remnants of Hood's division at the Battle of Gettysburg united with the Union Third Corps, exchanging mutual respect. He explains how Longstreet's corps could not be greeted properly after having exchanged volleys of fire and death with each other.", "Gettysburg and Northern Railroad The Gettysburg and Northern Railroad is a short-line railroad located in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The railroad operates a long line running between Gettysburg in Adams County and Mount Holly Springs in Cumberland County. The Gettysburg and Northern Railroad is owned by Pioneer Railcorp. The Gettysburg and Northern Railroad operates a long line running from Gettysburg in Adams County north to Mount Holly Springs in Cumberland County. Between Gettysburg and Mount Holly Springs, the railroad serves Biglerville, Aspers, Gardners, Peach Glen, Hunters Run, and Upper Mill. The Gettysburg and Northern Railroad interchanges with CSX Transportation in Gettysburg and the Norfolk Southern Railway in Mount Holly Springs. Among the products carried by the railroad are canned goods, pulpboard, soda ash, grain, and scrap paper. The Gettysburg and Northern Railroad is owned by railroad holding company Pioneer Railcorp. The railroad was built in the late 19th century and opened in 1891 as the Gettysburg and Harrisburg Railway. The line was later leased to the Reading Railroad and operated as the \"Gettysburg Branch. \" The bankrupt Reading Railroad became part of Conrail in 1976, however the Gettysburg Branch was left out of the Conrail system. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation took over the branch and sold the line to a new company, the Blairsville & Indiana Railroad, in 1976; this company changed its name to Gettysburg Railroad. In 1996, the Gettysburg Railroad was sold to RailAmerica subsidiary Delaware Valley Railroad Company, which operated the line as the Gettysburg Railway. In 2001, the Gettysburg Railway was sold to Pioneer Railcorp and the Gettysburg and Northern Railroad took over operations."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why is Joshua Chamberlain known for the Battle of Gettysburg?", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain became most famous for his achievements during the Battle of Gettysburg.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him during the battle", "answer": {"text": "Union forces were recovering from initial setbacks and hastily regrouping into defensive positions on a line of hills south of the town.", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he moved to", "answer": {"text": "Chamberlain's brigade, commanded by Col. Strong Vincent, was sent to defend Little Round Top by the army's Chief of Engineers, Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "He quickly understood the strategic significance of the small hill, and the need for the 20th Maine to hold the Union left at all costs.", "answer_start": 634, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who atacked his men", "answer": {"text": "The men from Maine waited until troops from the 15th Regiment Alabama Infantry, commanded by Col. William C. Oates, charged up the hill,", "answer_start": 771, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Chamberlains men do", "answer": {"text": "At that crisis, I ordered the bayonet. The word was enough.\" While battlefield conditions make it unlikely that many men heard Chamberlain's order, most historians believe he initiated the charge.", "answer_start": 1331, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What ended up hapening to his men", "answer": {"text": "charged down the hill, with the left wing wheeling continually to make the charging line swing like a hinge, thus creating a simultaneous frontal assault and flanking maneuver,", "answer_start": 1543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this cause", "answer": {"text": "capturing 101 of the Confederate soldiers and successfully saving the flank.", "answer_start": 1720, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_986cc492c37a49278c4f4eb2598ba1a6_0_q#0", "question": "What is the Jerry Fisher era?", "rewrite": "What is the Jerry Fisher era?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jerry Fisher Jerry Donald Fisher (born March 1, 1942 DeKalb, Texas) is an American R&B singer \u2013 Texas-born and Oklahoma-reared \u2013 known internationally for being the lead vocal with Blood, Sweat & Tears from 1971 to 1975, known to Dallas music fans for his R&B gigs from 1964 to 1972, and known on the coast of Mississippi in Bay Saint Louis as one-half of the husband\u2013wife proprietorship of \"Dock of the Bay,\" a restaurant and nightclub owned and operated by the two from 1976 to the spring of 2005, when they sold it a few months before Hurricane Katrina blew it away. 1964\u20131970: \"Jerry Fisher and the Night Beats\" 1970\u20131971: The Jerry Fisher Group, \"Cherokee\" 1971\u20131972: Recording in New York Fisher had a sizable following and was considered by one Texas music critic as \"probably the greatest white blues singer in the business. \" When Fisher joined BS&T, he didn\u2019t want to sing all the old material sung by David Clayton-Thomas. He wanted to join the band as a new singer singing new songs. The other members were pleased about that, wanting to move on with new material. But audiences wanted to hear the big hits, so BS&T picked the most requested ones and performed them in concert along with their current tunes. After Fisher joined BS&T, he was offered the opportunity to record a solo album for New Design; but he decided instead to focus on the BS&T. Yet, for him, for everyone, all these changes meant time spent rehearsing and reorganizing instead of recording. In 1971 The band, through Columbia Records, released \"New Blood\", from which two songs climbed to the top 20.", "He pleaded guilty to the charge and promised to undergo psychiatric treatment. Rentzel was given a suspended sentence. Heatherton filed for divorce in September 1971 and her career lost its luster; some say she never recovered from the psychic shock of Rentzel\u2019s offense. The divorce became final in 1972. In July 1985, she was arrested and charged with theft of services for refusing to pay a $4,906 bill from a hotel and spa in Long Island where she stayed in 1984. She pleaded not guilty to the charge. On July 8, 1985, she was arrested and charged with interfering with a government agent's duties and disturbing the peace after she allegedly slapped and pulled the hair of a clerk at Manhattan's U.S. Passport Agency office. She was acquitted of both charges in September 1986. On August 30, 1986, Heatherton was arrested for assault in Hillcrest, Rockland County, New York, after she stabbed Jerry Fisher, her former boyfriend and ex-manager, in the hand with a steak knife during an argument. Fisher was later treated at a local hospital and released. After her arrest, Heatherton told police who she was, but they did not believe her. She then handed one of the officers her purse to verify her identity. While looking through Heatherton's purse, the officer found a foil packet with less than a gram of cocaine. Heatherton was charged with assault and misdemeanor drug possession. Jerry Fisher later dropped the charge of assault against Heatherton. In October 1987, a court ruled that the search was unconstitutional as Heatherton was not advised that she could refuse a purse search. As a result, the misdemeanor drug possession was dropped. On \"SCTV\", Catherine O'Hara created a character named Lola Heatherton, an amalgam of Heatherton and Lola Falana.", "After leaving BS&T, Jerry and his wife, Melva, spent the next couple of years biking and backpacking their way across the country. Planning on staying on the Mississippi Coast for about six weeks to produce an album, Jerry and Melva never left. On September 30, 1976, they bought the \"Dock of the Bay\" Restaurant and Nightclub in Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. He performed there with his band \"Jerry Fisher and The Music Company. \" Jerry and Melva sold the restaurant to a San Francisco entrepreneur in the Spring of 2005. Hurricane Katrina hit August 29, 2005, and there now is no visible sign of the restaurant. Jerry and Melva were in Colorado at the time of the hurricane. As leader of The Jerry Fisher Group As vocalist with Blood, Sweat & Tears  As leader of Jerry Fisher and The Music Company Jerry was born to Virgil A. Fisher and Fay Lucas (maiden). He was married to Barbara Ross (born 1944) in 1962. They divorced and he later married Melva Lee Luke (maiden; born 1947) who had graduated in 1965 from Bay High School, Bay Saint Louis. Barbara and Jerry had a son, Anthony J. (Tony) Fisher (born 1964). Melva and Jerry had no children. They currently spend their summers in Colorado hiking and exploring the high country near their summer place on the western slope of the Rockies. When winter comes, they are back enjoying the islands and the excellent saltwater fishing on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi.", "Because of the unusual circumstances surrounding the timing of Fisher's hiring, he is the only person to win the NCAA Men's Division I national championship without having ever experienced a loss as the team's head coach. The next two seasons of the Fisher era were struggles. However, in 1991, Fisher signed one of the most talented incoming freshman classes of all time. High school stars Chris Webber, Jalen Rose, Ray Jackson, Jimmy King, and Juwan Howard all signed with Fisher and Michigan, forming what became known as the \"Fab Five\". Together, they helped lead the Wolverines to the national title game in their freshman year, only to lose to Duke. As sophomores, they again reached the title game, this time losing to North Carolina. In that game, Webber was called for a technical foul with 11 seconds remaining in the game when he signaled for a timeout when the Wolverines had none left. After the title-game loss to the Tar Heels, Webber went pro; Rose and Howard followed after an elite eight loss to the eventual National Champion Arkansas Razorbacks. The Wolverines would not reach the same heights until 2013, although they reached the postseason each of the next five seasons and won the 1997 National Invitation Tournament. In October 1997, Michigan fired Fisher as a result of an off-court scandal (\"see section below\"). Fisher was out of coaching for the 1997\u201398 season before taking a job as an assistant with the Sacramento Kings. In 1999, Fisher took over as coach of a San Diego State program that had suffered losing records in 13 of the previous 14 years. In the season before he arrived, the Aztecs had won just four games, but within two seasons Fisher had brought the team up to a .500 record, and led them to a 21\u201312 record and an NCAA Tournament appearance in year three of his regime.", "Both Madrid and Soloff left in late 1973, making way for new horn player/arranger Tony Klatka on their next release, \"Mirror Image\" (July 1974), which also saw the addition of vocalist/saxophonist Jerry LaCroix (formerly of Edgar Winter's White Trash), sax player Bill Tillman, bassist Ron McClure and the exodus of original bass player Jim Fielder. This recording features the adoption of a sound pitched between Philly Soul and the mid-1970s albums by Herbie Hancock's Headhunters, along with aspirations to Chick Corea's jazz-fusion group Return to Forever. Jerry LaCroix left BS&T to join Rare Earth after playing his final show with them at Wollman Rink in New York's Central Park on July 27, 1974. Luther Kent, a blues singer from New Orleans, was recruited to replace LaCroix. By the close of 1974, Jerry Fisher decided that he was tired by BS&T's heavy touring schedule, so Bobby Colomby, together with the band's manager Fred Heller, engineered the return of David Clayton-Thomas in the hope of restoring the band to its former level of success. Clayton-Thomas agreed and met the current group at a concert in Milwaukee while Jerry Fisher and Luther Kent were still with the band. All three singers ended up on stage together before a wildly enthusiastic crowd. The next album, \"New City\" in April 1975, featured Clayton-Thomas back fronting the band and contained half cover tunes (Janis Ian, Randy Newman, the Beatles, Blues Image) and half original material. New horn player Joe Giorgianni joined for \"New City\", which charted higher (#47) than any of their previous albums since \"New Blood\"."], "answer": {"text": "He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears.", "answer_start": 67}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_986cc492c37a49278c4f4eb2598ba1a6_0_q#1", "question": "What was unique about this?", "rewrite": "What was unique about Jerry Fisher fronting Blood, sweat and tears ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After leaving BS&T, Jerry and his wife, Melva, spent the next couple of years biking and backpacking their way across the country. Planning on staying on the Mississippi Coast for about six weeks to produce an album, Jerry and Melva never left. On September 30, 1976, they bought the \"Dock of the Bay\" Restaurant and Nightclub in Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. He performed there with his band \"Jerry Fisher and The Music Company. \" Jerry and Melva sold the restaurant to a San Francisco entrepreneur in the Spring of 2005. Hurricane Katrina hit August 29, 2005, and there now is no visible sign of the restaurant. Jerry and Melva were in Colorado at the time of the hurricane. As leader of The Jerry Fisher Group As vocalist with Blood, Sweat & Tears  As leader of Jerry Fisher and The Music Company Jerry was born to Virgil A. Fisher and Fay Lucas (maiden). He was married to Barbara Ross (born 1944) in 1962. They divorced and he later married Melva Lee Luke (maiden; born 1947) who had graduated in 1965 from Bay High School, Bay Saint Louis. Barbara and Jerry had a son, Anthony J. (Tony) Fisher (born 1964). Melva and Jerry had no children. They currently spend their summers in Colorado hiking and exploring the high country near their summer place on the western slope of the Rockies. When winter comes, they are back enjoying the islands and the excellent saltwater fishing on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi.", "New Blood (Blood, Sweat &amp; Tears album) New Blood is the fifth album by the band Blood, Sweat & Tears, released in 1972. With David Clayton-Thomas leaving as lead vocalist to pursue a solo career after the release of \"BS&T 4\", a nearly wholesale personnel change occurred for \"New Blood\". Difficulties had arisen inside the group between its pop-rock and jazz factions, with Clayton-Thomas choosing to leave in early January 1972, along with founding member Fred Lipsius. Clayton-Thomas was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle, and a photo of the band appeared in Down Beat showing a new lineup also including noted jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson. By the time the album was recorded, Jerry Fisher had become the new singer replacing Doyle (who guested on piano on \"Touch Me\" and \"Velvet\"), whilst founding member Dick Halligan also departed, as well as Henderson. The album reached the top-40 charts (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single, \"So Long Dixie\", which peaked at number 44. The album's cover, painted by Bob Schulenberg and Dean Torrence of Jan & Dean, portrays two male peacocks sitting on a garden wall - a common Indian peacock and a white peacock. An additional song, \"Time Remembered\" was recorded for this album but was not included. It later appeared on the compilation, \"The Very Best of Blood, Sweat and Tears: What Goes Up!\". \"New Blood\" was re-released on CD in 2005 on the Wounded Bird label. Writing for Allmusic, critic Ross Boissoneau wrote of the album \"", "After playing a final show at Anaheim Convention Center on December 31, 1971, Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released \"New Blood\" in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In January 1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well, in March, and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, \"No Sweat\" (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band.", "Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In mid-1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, No Sweat (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band.", "Jerry Fisher Jerry Donald Fisher (born March 1, 1942 DeKalb, Texas) is an American R&B singer \u2013 Texas-born and Oklahoma-reared \u2013 known internationally for being the lead vocal with Blood, Sweat & Tears from 1971 to 1975, known to Dallas music fans for his R&B gigs from 1964 to 1972, and known on the coast of Mississippi in Bay Saint Louis as one-half of the husband\u2013wife proprietorship of \"Dock of the Bay,\" a restaurant and nightclub owned and operated by the two from 1976 to the spring of 2005, when they sold it a few months before Hurricane Katrina blew it away. 1964\u20131970: \"Jerry Fisher and the Night Beats\" 1970\u20131971: The Jerry Fisher Group, \"Cherokee\" 1971\u20131972: Recording in New York Fisher had a sizable following and was considered by one Texas music critic as \"probably the greatest white blues singer in the business. \" When Fisher joined BS&T, he didn\u2019t want to sing all the old material sung by David Clayton-Thomas. He wanted to join the band as a new singer singing new songs. The other members were pleased about that, wanting to move on with new material. But audiences wanted to hear the big hits, so BS&T picked the most requested ones and performed them in concert along with their current tunes. After Fisher joined BS&T, he was offered the opportunity to record a solo album for New Design; but he decided instead to focus on the BS&T. Yet, for him, for everyone, all these changes meant time spent rehearsing and reorganizing instead of recording. In 1971 The band, through Columbia Records, released \"New Blood\", from which two songs climbed to the top 20."], "answer": {"text": "The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood", "answer_start": 578}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Jerry Fisher era?", "answer": {"text": "He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears.", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_986cc492c37a49278c4f4eb2598ba1a6_0_q#2", "question": "Did it become popular?", "rewrite": "Did New Blood by Blood,Sweat and Tears become popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The feuds continued for another month or so before the New Blood disbanded due to WCW management making a hasty decision that it was not working, as the Millionaire's Club got most of the positive fan reaction. The true end of the angle occurred on July 9 at Bash at the Beach in Daytona Beach, Florida, after the infamous Russo shoot promo, which caused Hogan and Bischoff to leave the promotion. However, the New Blood theme continued in WCW coinciding with the New Blood Rising pay-per-view in August 2000. Diamond Dallas Page quit WCW (in storyline), citing his feud with Eric Bischoff and the New Blood cost him his health, the WCW World Championship, his wife Kimberly, half of his possessions via divorce, and his best friend Chris Kanyon. Ric Flair's wrestling career was ended by Vince Russo and David Flair in a handicap match, with Flair's daughter Meghan throwing the towel in; Ric and son Reid had their heads shaved after the loss. Sting suffered major injuries (storyline) after being set on fire and tossed off the TurnerVision scaffolding by Vampiro. Hollywood Hulk Hogan suffered injuries (storyline) after being put through a table by Bill Goldberg. Hogan was later publicly fired from WCW by Vince Russo during an in-ring promo. Jim Duggan suffered internal bleeding (storyline) and was stretchered out of the ring following Bill Goldberg targeting his kidney. The New Blood was composed of 3 different \"stables\" within itself: The Filthy Animals, The Natural Born Thrillers, and the other New Blood. The New Blood members were the ones who mostly feuded with the Millionaire's Club, while the other two were more of supporting casts. The Natural Born Thrillers were all rookies (with the exception of Shawn Stasiak), while the rest of the New Blood had already had TV time.", "The New Blood The New Blood was a professional wrestling stable in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 2000. In early 2000, WCW decided that Kevin Sullivan's booking style was not as successful as they had hoped. So, they decided to bring back former WCW president Eric Bischoff and former World Wrestling Federation head of creative Vince Russo, putting them together to run WCW. On-screen, Bischoff and Russo took over and declared all WCW titles vacant on April 10, 2000. They also declared a new stable with both of them at the helm called The New Blood. It consisted of most of the younger wrestlers in WCW as well as longtime talent that had been largely in the background for years, feuding with \"The Millionaire's Club\", the older stars of WCW, whom they claimed held them all back. The idea was to get the younger talent over and generate more interest among the younger fans that watched the WWF instead of WCW, although it later evolved into a New World Order rehash. While Hulk Hogan feuded with the New Blood, he would occasionally wear a black denim vest, with the initials \"F.U.N.B.\" on the back in white. The initials \"F.U.N.B.\" stood for \"Fuck U New Blood\". During a televised promo, Hogan said \"The N.B. stands for New Blood, and you can guess what the F.U. means, brother!\". On April 16, at Spring Stampede in Chicago, Illinois, all of the titles were filled with matches between the New Blood and the Millionaire's Club. The New Blood won all of the vacant WCW titles, with the exception of the WCW Hardcore Championship, which was won by Terry Funk.", "After playing a final show at Anaheim Convention Center on December 31, 1971, Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released \"New Blood\" in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In January 1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well, in March, and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, \"No Sweat\" (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band.", "New Blood (Blood, Sweat &amp; Tears album) New Blood is the fifth album by the band Blood, Sweat & Tears, released in 1972. With David Clayton-Thomas leaving as lead vocalist to pursue a solo career after the release of \"BS&T 4\", a nearly wholesale personnel change occurred for \"New Blood\". Difficulties had arisen inside the group between its pop-rock and jazz factions, with Clayton-Thomas choosing to leave in early January 1972, along with founding member Fred Lipsius. Clayton-Thomas was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle, and a photo of the band appeared in Down Beat showing a new lineup also including noted jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson. By the time the album was recorded, Jerry Fisher had become the new singer replacing Doyle (who guested on piano on \"Touch Me\" and \"Velvet\"), whilst founding member Dick Halligan also departed, as well as Henderson. The album reached the top-40 charts (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single, \"So Long Dixie\", which peaked at number 44. The album's cover, painted by Bob Schulenberg and Dean Torrence of Jan & Dean, portrays two male peacocks sitting on a garden wall - a common Indian peacock and a white peacock. An additional song, \"Time Remembered\" was recorded for this album but was not included. It later appeared on the compilation, \"The Very Best of Blood, Sweat and Tears: What Goes Up!\". \"New Blood\" was re-released on CD in 2005 on the Wounded Bird label. Writing for Allmusic, critic Ross Boissoneau wrote of the album \"", "Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In mid-1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, No Sweat (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band."], "answer": {"text": "The album broke through the Top 40 chart", "answer_start": 729}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the Jerry Fisher era?", "answer": {"text": "He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears.", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about this?", "answer": {"text": "The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_986cc492c37a49278c4f4eb2598ba1a6_0_q#3", "question": "How long did it stay on the charts?", "rewrite": "How long did New Blood by Blood,Sweat and Tears stay on the charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The New Blood The New Blood was a professional wrestling stable in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in 2000. In early 2000, WCW decided that Kevin Sullivan's booking style was not as successful as they had hoped. So, they decided to bring back former WCW president Eric Bischoff and former World Wrestling Federation head of creative Vince Russo, putting them together to run WCW. On-screen, Bischoff and Russo took over and declared all WCW titles vacant on April 10, 2000. They also declared a new stable with both of them at the helm called The New Blood. It consisted of most of the younger wrestlers in WCW as well as longtime talent that had been largely in the background for years, feuding with \"The Millionaire's Club\", the older stars of WCW, whom they claimed held them all back. The idea was to get the younger talent over and generate more interest among the younger fans that watched the WWF instead of WCW, although it later evolved into a New World Order rehash. While Hulk Hogan feuded with the New Blood, he would occasionally wear a black denim vest, with the initials \"F.U.N.B.\" on the back in white. The initials \"F.U.N.B.\" stood for \"Fuck U New Blood\". During a televised promo, Hogan said \"The N.B. stands for New Blood, and you can guess what the F.U. means, brother!\". On April 16, at Spring Stampede in Chicago, Illinois, all of the titles were filled with matches between the New Blood and the Millionaire's Club. The New Blood won all of the vacant WCW titles, with the exception of the WCW Hardcore Championship, which was won by Terry Funk.", "New Blood (Blood, Sweat &amp; Tears album) New Blood is the fifth album by the band Blood, Sweat & Tears, released in 1972. With David Clayton-Thomas leaving as lead vocalist to pursue a solo career after the release of \"BS&T 4\", a nearly wholesale personnel change occurred for \"New Blood\". Difficulties had arisen inside the group between its pop-rock and jazz factions, with Clayton-Thomas choosing to leave in early January 1972, along with founding member Fred Lipsius. Clayton-Thomas was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle, and a photo of the band appeared in Down Beat showing a new lineup also including noted jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson. By the time the album was recorded, Jerry Fisher had become the new singer replacing Doyle (who guested on piano on \"Touch Me\" and \"Velvet\"), whilst founding member Dick Halligan also departed, as well as Henderson. The album reached the top-40 charts (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single, \"So Long Dixie\", which peaked at number 44. The album's cover, painted by Bob Schulenberg and Dean Torrence of Jan & Dean, portrays two male peacocks sitting on a garden wall - a common Indian peacock and a white peacock. An additional song, \"Time Remembered\" was recorded for this album but was not included. It later appeared on the compilation, \"The Very Best of Blood, Sweat and Tears: What Goes Up!\". \"New Blood\" was re-released on CD in 2005 on the Wounded Bird label. Writing for Allmusic, critic Ross Boissoneau wrote of the album \"", "After playing a final show at Anaheim Convention Center on December 31, 1971, Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released \"New Blood\" in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In January 1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well, in March, and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, \"No Sweat\" (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band.", "Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In mid-1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, No Sweat (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band.", "Blood, Sweat &amp; Tears (Blood, Sweat &amp; Tears album) Blood, Sweat & Tears is the second album by the band Blood, Sweat & Tears, released in 1968. It was commercially successful, rising to the top of the U.S. charts for a collective seven weeks and yielding three successive Top 5 singles. It received a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1970 and has been certified quadruple platinum by the RIAA with sales of more than four million units in the U.S. In Canada, it enjoyed four runs and altogether eight weeks at No. 1 on the \"RPM\" national album chart. Bandleader Al Kooper and two other members, Randy Brecker and Jerry Weiss, had left Blood, Sweat & Tears after their first album. Bobby Colomby and Steve Katz searched for a replacement singer and selected David Clayton-Thomas. Three more musicians joined to bring the band to nine members. Columbia assigned James William Guercio (who was simultaneously working with new band Chicago) to produce a new album. The song selection was much more pop-oriented than the first album, with more compositions from outside the band. It was recorded at the then state of the art CBS Studios in New York City. The studio had just taken delivery of one of the first of the model MM-1000 16-track tape recorders, built by Ampex. The new technology allowed for far more flexibility in overdubbing and mixing than the 4 and 8-track tape recorders which were standard in 1968. The album was among the very first 16-track recordings released to the public. An additional song, \"Children of the Wind\" was recorded for the album but was not included. It later appeared on the compilation, \"The Very Best of Blood, Sweat and Tears: What Goes Up!\" The album was selected for the 2006 book \"1001 Albums"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Jerry Fisher era?", "answer": {"text": "He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears.", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about this?", "answer": {"text": "The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it become popular?", "answer": {"text": "The album broke through the Top 40 chart", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_986cc492c37a49278c4f4eb2598ba1a6_0_q#4", "question": "What else was uniuque about the Jerry Fisher era?", "rewrite": "Besides New Blood breaking through the top 40 chart, What else was uniuque about the Jerry Fisher era?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jerry Fisher Jerry Donald Fisher (born March 1, 1942 DeKalb, Texas) is an American R&B singer \u2013 Texas-born and Oklahoma-reared \u2013 known internationally for being the lead vocal with Blood, Sweat & Tears from 1971 to 1975, known to Dallas music fans for his R&B gigs from 1964 to 1972, and known on the coast of Mississippi in Bay Saint Louis as one-half of the husband\u2013wife proprietorship of \"Dock of the Bay,\" a restaurant and nightclub owned and operated by the two from 1976 to the spring of 2005, when they sold it a few months before Hurricane Katrina blew it away. 1964\u20131970: \"Jerry Fisher and the Night Beats\" 1970\u20131971: The Jerry Fisher Group, \"Cherokee\" 1971\u20131972: Recording in New York Fisher had a sizable following and was considered by one Texas music critic as \"probably the greatest white blues singer in the business. \" When Fisher joined BS&T, he didn\u2019t want to sing all the old material sung by David Clayton-Thomas. He wanted to join the band as a new singer singing new songs. The other members were pleased about that, wanting to move on with new material. But audiences wanted to hear the big hits, so BS&T picked the most requested ones and performed them in concert along with their current tunes. After Fisher joined BS&T, he was offered the opportunity to record a solo album for New Design; but he decided instead to focus on the BS&T. Yet, for him, for everyone, all these changes meant time spent rehearsing and reorganizing instead of recording. In 1971 The band, through Columbia Records, released \"New Blood\", from which two songs climbed to the top 20.", "After playing a final show at Anaheim Convention Center on December 31, 1971, Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released \"New Blood\" in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In January 1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well, in March, and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, \"No Sweat\" (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band.", "Clayton-Thomas left in early January 1972 to pursue a solo career. He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears. Fred Lipsius left as well and was briefly replaced by Joe Henderson, before Lou Marini settled into the new lineup. Another founding member, Dick Halligan, also departed, replaced by jazz pianist Larry Willis (from the Cannonball Adderley Quintet), and Swedish guitarist Georg Wadenius, from the popular Swedish outfit Made in Sweden, joined as lead guitarist around the same time. The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood in September 1972, which found the group moving into a more overtly jazz-fusion repertoire. The album broke through the Top 40 chart (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single (\"So Long Dixie\", chart peak: 44) that received some airplay. Also included on the record was a cover version of Herbie Hancock's \"Maiden Voyage\", featuring the voice/guitar soloing of Georg Wadenius. In mid-1973, Katz left to pursue a career as a producer (for Lou Reed and others). Winfield departed as well and was replaced by Tom Malone. Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, No Sweat (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work. Tom Malone's stay in the band was brief and he left to make way for jazz trumpeter John Madrid. But Madrid's tenure was likewise short-lived and he never recorded with the band.", "New Blood (Blood, Sweat &amp; Tears album) New Blood is the fifth album by the band Blood, Sweat & Tears, released in 1972. With David Clayton-Thomas leaving as lead vocalist to pursue a solo career after the release of \"BS&T 4\", a nearly wholesale personnel change occurred for \"New Blood\". Difficulties had arisen inside the group between its pop-rock and jazz factions, with Clayton-Thomas choosing to leave in early January 1972, along with founding member Fred Lipsius. Clayton-Thomas was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle, and a photo of the band appeared in Down Beat showing a new lineup also including noted jazz saxophonist Joe Henderson. By the time the album was recorded, Jerry Fisher had become the new singer replacing Doyle (who guested on piano on \"Touch Me\" and \"Velvet\"), whilst founding member Dick Halligan also departed, as well as Henderson. The album reached the top-40 charts (the last BS&T LP to do so) and spawned a single, \"So Long Dixie\", which peaked at number 44. The album's cover, painted by Bob Schulenberg and Dean Torrence of Jan & Dean, portrays two male peacocks sitting on a garden wall - a common Indian peacock and a white peacock. An additional song, \"Time Remembered\" was recorded for this album but was not included. It later appeared on the compilation, \"The Very Best of Blood, Sweat and Tears: What Goes Up!\". \"New Blood\" was re-released on CD in 2005 on the Wounded Bird label. Writing for Allmusic, critic Ross Boissoneau wrote of the album \"", "After leaving BS&T, Jerry and his wife, Melva, spent the next couple of years biking and backpacking their way across the country. Planning on staying on the Mississippi Coast for about six weeks to produce an album, Jerry and Melva never left. On September 30, 1976, they bought the \"Dock of the Bay\" Restaurant and Nightclub in Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi. He performed there with his band \"Jerry Fisher and The Music Company. \" Jerry and Melva sold the restaurant to a San Francisco entrepreneur in the Spring of 2005. Hurricane Katrina hit August 29, 2005, and there now is no visible sign of the restaurant. Jerry and Melva were in Colorado at the time of the hurricane. As leader of The Jerry Fisher Group As vocalist with Blood, Sweat & Tears  As leader of Jerry Fisher and The Music Company Jerry was born to Virgil A. Fisher and Fay Lucas (maiden). He was married to Barbara Ross (born 1944) in 1962. They divorced and he later married Melva Lee Luke (maiden; born 1947) who had graduated in 1965 from Bay High School, Bay Saint Louis. Barbara and Jerry had a son, Anthony J. (Tony) Fisher (born 1964). Melva and Jerry had no children. They currently spend their summers in Colorado hiking and exploring the high country near their summer place on the western slope of the Rockies. When winter comes, they are back enjoying the islands and the excellent saltwater fishing on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi."], "answer": {"text": "Blood, Sweat & Tears' next album, No Sweat (June 1973), continued in a jazz-fusion vein and featured intricate horn work.", "answer_start": 1161}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Jerry Fisher era?", "answer": {"text": "He was briefly replaced by Bobby Doyle and then Jerry Fisher, who went on to front the next incarnation of Blood, Sweat & Tears.", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was unique about this?", "answer": {"text": "The new edition of Blood, Sweat & Tears released New Blood", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it become popular?", "answer": {"text": "The album broke through the Top 40 chart", "answer_start": 729, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it stay on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#0", "question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "rewrite": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In its final form the annal for 1179 contains a reference to the Lateran Council of 1215, and Vaughan finds that all of the extant manuscripts ultimately descend from a common ancestral exemplar that can be no earlier than 1228. However, Vaughan does not rule out the possibility that there might have been some earlier compilation used by Wendover, and finds some evidence for such a compilation, extending perhaps to 1066. The second and more widely distributed \"Flores Historiarum\" runs from the creation to 1326 (although some of the earlier manuscripts end at 1306). It was compiled by various persons and quickly acquired contemporary popularity, for it was continued by many hands in many manuscript traditions. Among twenty surviving manuscripts are those compiled at St Benet Holme, Norfolk, continued at Tintern Abbey (Royal Mss 14.c.6); at Norwich (Cottonian Claudius E 8); Rochester (Cottonian Nero D 2); St Paul's, London (Lambeth Mss 1106); St Mary's, Southwark (Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Mss B 177); and at St Augustine's, Canterbury (Harleian Mss 641). It was written originally at St Albans Abbey and later at Westminster Abbey. The earliest manuscript, the basis for all the various continuations, was conserved in Chetham's Library, Manchester. This manuscript was carried down to 1265, with brief notes and emendations in the hand of Matthew Paris. A continuation carried the chronicle down to 1306; the continuation from 1306 to 1325/26 was compiled at Westminster by Robert of Reading (d. 1325) and another Westminster monk. The second \"Flores Historiarum\" was for many years attributed to a \"Matthew of Westminster\" who Henry Richards Luard demonstrated was actually Matthew Paris.", "Amongst a miscellany of items, including an outline chronicle for a history of Britain, and a tide table for predicting \"flod at London brigge\" (i.e. the time of high tide at London Bridge), that is credited with being the earliest extant such tide table in Europe, other items in the manuscript include a drawing of Wallingford by Paris, a draft for a map of Britain by Paris to which Wallingford has added some further place-names, and a copy by Wallingford of Matthew Paris's picture of King Henry III's elephant. Folios 10r to 33v of the manuscript are written in a different hand, and contain a chronicle of English history from the legendary Brutus to Cnut (d. 1035) \u2013 though more of it is in fact devoted to hagiographies of English saints than to history. The work shares many sources with Roger of Wendover's \"Flores Historiarum\", presumably compiled from the same library at the same time; but its paraphrasing is different, and sometimes it is much more extensive in its extracts. In the past this anonymous chronicle has sometimes been attributed to the above John of Wallingford who was a contemporary of Matthew Paris, including in its first printed edition, and sometimes to his namesake, the John of Wallingford who was abbot of St Albans from 1195 to 1214. However it is now believed to have been written by an unknown monk at some point after Abbot John's time, but before John the infirmarer obtained the manuscript. Richard Vaughan produced a critical edition of the work. A heavily abridged extract from the chronicle had previously been printed by Thomas Gale in 1691 in his \"Histori\u00e6 Britannic\u00e6 Saxonic\u00e6 Anglo-Danic\u00e6 Scriptores XV\".", "These arms were attributed to William III de Braose (d.1211) by Matthew Paris in \"Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 29v (shown there inverted to denote his death): \"Party per fesse gules and azure, three garbs or\". Matthew Paris is not generally primarily regarded as a reliable source for heraldry and these arms must be considered doubtful. The arms of Giles de Braose (d.1215) and his brother Reginald de Braose (d.1228), younger sons of William III de Braose (d.1211) : \"Barry of six vair gules and ermine and azure\". Matthew Paris attributed these arms, \"Party per pale indented gules and azure\", to William V de Braose (d.1230). They appear as a marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his \"impious murder\" (\"Nota impiam murthram\"). \" Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III; (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116 Matthew Paris however also depicts different arms for William V (d.1230) in \"Chronica Majora\", Part III, fol.75v, in an inverted shield: \"Gules, four piles meeting in base or\"  The Falkirk Roll of Arms c.1298 describes these arms for William VII de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (1260\u20131326). \"Azure crusilly (i.e. semy) of crosses-crosslet, a lion double queued rampant or\".", "The five tinted drawings added around 1250 are in a style especially associated with England, and best known through the contemporary work of Matthew Paris at St Albans, although it had been an English speciality since Anglo-Saxon times. A pen drawing with a strong outline is coloured with light brushed washes (the archbishop is in fact purely in ink, perhaps unfinished). They may be connected with a now lost psalter, also at Westminster and recorded in the inventory of 1388, which was said to have been given by Henry III (r. 1216-1272), who was rebuilding Edward the Confessor's abbey and also his Palace of Westminster at just this time. There are a number of documentary references to paintings in connection with the works on both buildings, now almost all lost. Like most English tinted drawings around this time, these were once attributed to Matthew Paris or his \"St Albans school\", but recent scholars see them as characteristic of a distinct London style: \"The Westminster work has more detailed, refined faces, and contours and internal folds show more jagged effects of line. There is a sophisticated professionalism about the drawing which contrasts with Matthew's accomplished but somewhat na\u00efve style\". The iconography of both campaigns of illustration has been related to the increasing assertion of royal power typical of the period. Meyer Schapiro pointed to very close similarities between some of the earlier miniatures and those in the slightly later Glazier Psalter, now Pierpont Morgan Library, New York (MS G. 25), in particular in their miniatures of \"Christ in Majesty\". He analysed in the Glazier miniatures a programme related to the controversies over the balance between the power of monarchies and the Church that were very intense at this period, though finding the Glazier Psalter probably on the Church's side of the argument.", "John of Basingstoke  John of Basingstoke (died 1252), also called John Basing, was an Archdeacon of Leicester in the 13th century. Basingstoke was an advocate of Greek literacy and seems to have been instrumental in introducing the apocryphal \"Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs\" to Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln. What is known of Basingstoke derives primarily from the writings of Grosseteste and another contemporary, Matthew Paris. Taking his name from the town of Basingstoke in Hampshire, Basingstoke studied at Oxford University and spent some time in Paris. Thomas Andrew Archer writes that Basingstoke Matthew Paris writes that during his time in Athens, Basingstoke was tutored by a well-read 19-year-old Athenian girl named Constantina (probably the daughter of archbishop of Athens Michael Acominatus). Basingstoke credited Constantina, who was said to \"foretell pestilences, thunderstorms, eclipses, and even earthquakes with unerring certainty\", for his knowledge of science. Based on a letter by Grosseteste, Basingstoke had by 1235 returned to England and was already acting as Archdeacon of Leicester. The year of his appointment is unknown. Basingstoke seems to have been good friends with Grosseteste; according to Paris, he brought to the attention of Grosseteste the apocryphal \"Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs\". In 1242, Grosseteste had the work brought from Greece and translated it with help of a clerk of St. Albans, \"for the strengthening of the Christian faith and the confusion of the Jews\", who were said to have deliberately hidden the book away \"on account of the manifest prophecies of Christ contained therein.\""], "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#1", "question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "rewrite": "Did the artist Matthew Paris do a lot of drawings?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["These arms were attributed to William III de Braose (d.1211) by Matthew Paris in \"Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 29v (shown there inverted to denote his death): \"Party per fesse gules and azure, three garbs or\". Matthew Paris is not generally primarily regarded as a reliable source for heraldry and these arms must be considered doubtful. The arms of Giles de Braose (d.1215) and his brother Reginald de Braose (d.1228), younger sons of William III de Braose (d.1211) : \"Barry of six vair gules and ermine and azure\". Matthew Paris attributed these arms, \"Party per pale indented gules and azure\", to William V de Braose (d.1230). They appear as a marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his \"impious murder\" (\"Nota impiam murthram\"). \" Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III; (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116 Matthew Paris however also depicts different arms for William V (d.1230) in \"Chronica Majora\", Part III, fol.75v, in an inverted shield: \"Gules, four piles meeting in base or\"  The Falkirk Roll of Arms c.1298 describes these arms for William VII de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (1260\u20131326). \"Azure crusilly (i.e. semy) of crosses-crosslet, a lion double queued rampant or\".", "The five tinted drawings added around 1250 are in a style especially associated with England, and best known through the contemporary work of Matthew Paris at St Albans, although it had been an English speciality since Anglo-Saxon times. A pen drawing with a strong outline is coloured with light brushed washes (the archbishop is in fact purely in ink, perhaps unfinished). They may be connected with a now lost psalter, also at Westminster and recorded in the inventory of 1388, which was said to have been given by Henry III (r. 1216-1272), who was rebuilding Edward the Confessor's abbey and also his Palace of Westminster at just this time. There are a number of documentary references to paintings in connection with the works on both buildings, now almost all lost. Like most English tinted drawings around this time, these were once attributed to Matthew Paris or his \"St Albans school\", but recent scholars see them as characteristic of a distinct London style: \"The Westminster work has more detailed, refined faces, and contours and internal folds show more jagged effects of line. There is a sophisticated professionalism about the drawing which contrasts with Matthew's accomplished but somewhat na\u00efve style\". The iconography of both campaigns of illustration has been related to the increasing assertion of royal power typical of the period. Meyer Schapiro pointed to very close similarities between some of the earlier miniatures and those in the slightly later Glazier Psalter, now Pierpont Morgan Library, New York (MS G. 25), in particular in their miniatures of \"Christ in Majesty\". He analysed in the Glazier miniatures a programme related to the controversies over the balance between the power of monarchies and the Church that were very intense at this period, though finding the Glazier Psalter probably on the Church's side of the argument.", "In its final form the annal for 1179 contains a reference to the Lateran Council of 1215, and Vaughan finds that all of the extant manuscripts ultimately descend from a common ancestral exemplar that can be no earlier than 1228. However, Vaughan does not rule out the possibility that there might have been some earlier compilation used by Wendover, and finds some evidence for such a compilation, extending perhaps to 1066. The second and more widely distributed \"Flores Historiarum\" runs from the creation to 1326 (although some of the earlier manuscripts end at 1306). It was compiled by various persons and quickly acquired contemporary popularity, for it was continued by many hands in many manuscript traditions. Among twenty surviving manuscripts are those compiled at St Benet Holme, Norfolk, continued at Tintern Abbey (Royal Mss 14.c.6); at Norwich (Cottonian Claudius E 8); Rochester (Cottonian Nero D 2); St Paul's, London (Lambeth Mss 1106); St Mary's, Southwark (Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Mss B 177); and at St Augustine's, Canterbury (Harleian Mss 641). It was written originally at St Albans Abbey and later at Westminster Abbey. The earliest manuscript, the basis for all the various continuations, was conserved in Chetham's Library, Manchester. This manuscript was carried down to 1265, with brief notes and emendations in the hand of Matthew Paris. A continuation carried the chronicle down to 1306; the continuation from 1306 to 1325/26 was compiled at Westminster by Robert of Reading (d. 1325) and another Westminster monk. The second \"Flores Historiarum\" was for many years attributed to a \"Matthew of Westminster\" who Henry Richards Luard demonstrated was actually Matthew Paris.", "Kirchmann's work with artists has resulted in projects such as the Bahrain International Airport, for which he collaborated with American artist Leo Villareal and that featured enhanced environments integrating LED and video elements into the architecture. Prior to starting renovation work on 25 and 27 Mercer Street for what would eventually become a luxury condominium development in two historic cast-iron buildings in SoHo, Kirchmann collaborated with British artist Shantell Martin, who installed drawings on two floors, as well as light artist Matthew Schreiber, American Ballet Theatre dancer Kathryn Boren, and fashion photographer Nigel Barker. Some of Martin's drawings remained intact as part of the foundation of the building. Kirchmann provided a wall on one of his buildings along 10th Avenue and visible from the High Line to start the public art installation \"The Wall that Unites\", a project created by advertising firm Johannes Leonardo. The installation featured a virtual wall of public art created by artists across the world, which would be uploaded to the project's website until it reached 1,900 feet in length (the same approximate length of the border between Mexico and the United States). For 1951 Park Avenue, an affordable housing development in East Harlem, Kirchmann collaborated with the architect to create an art wall made of glass and aluminum fins designed to conceal the building's mechanical equipment. Kirchmann appeared in the 2017 season of Bravo\u2019s Million Dollar Listing New York with real estate broker Fredrik Eklund, who shows several units from Kirchmann's development at 25 and 27 Mercer Street.", "! Wowow! ! Wowow! is a collective in Peckham, London. Otherwise known as The Children of ! Wowow! , they are a group of artists, fashion designers, writers and musicians, who have promoted numerous art events and parties in London and Berlin. ! Wowow! began in the back of the Joiners Arms in Camberwell in 2003 as a performance night in a pub by Hanna Hanra and Matthew Stone. In 2004, the collective squatted a large Victorian co-op in Peckham South East London and made it into an artist-run space. They include fashion designer Gareth Pugh, performance artist Millie Brown, video installation artist Adham Faramawy, James Balmforth and artist Matthew Stone. Other artists to have shown in the space include Boo Saville, Gareth Cadwallader, and Ellie Tobin. In 2003, ! Wowow! organised warehouse parties in Peckham. At times club nights with 2000 people took place. One of these was attended by Lauren Bush, the former U.S. President's niece, and her two CIA bodyguards. The second show by the collective in December 2004 was of paintings, film, photography and performance by recent Slade graduates for a month in the Georgian building at 251 Rye Lane, Peckham, formerly occupied by the Co-op shop, which the artists gutted and refurbished. The artists, who curated the exhibition together, included Chloe Dewe Mathews with photographs of lidos, Matthew Stone with digital recreations of old paintings, Rachael Haines with surrealist inspired collages and Boo Saville with monkey paintings and biro drawings. The opening featured shamanistic chanting, a shopping Trolley Mardi Gras, live bands and a recreation of Michael Jackson's video \"Thriller\" by performance artist Lali Chetwynd's troupe. In November 2005, the Children of ! Wowow!"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#2", "question": "Did he influence other artists?", "rewrite": "Aside from himself, did Matthew Paris influence other artists?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Amongst a miscellany of items, including an outline chronicle for a history of Britain, and a tide table for predicting \"flod at London brigge\" (i.e. the time of high tide at London Bridge), that is credited with being the earliest extant such tide table in Europe, other items in the manuscript include a drawing of Wallingford by Paris, a draft for a map of Britain by Paris to which Wallingford has added some further place-names, and a copy by Wallingford of Matthew Paris's picture of King Henry III's elephant. Folios 10r to 33v of the manuscript are written in a different hand, and contain a chronicle of English history from the legendary Brutus to Cnut (d. 1035) \u2013 though more of it is in fact devoted to hagiographies of English saints than to history. The work shares many sources with Roger of Wendover's \"Flores Historiarum\", presumably compiled from the same library at the same time; but its paraphrasing is different, and sometimes it is much more extensive in its extracts. In the past this anonymous chronicle has sometimes been attributed to the above John of Wallingford who was a contemporary of Matthew Paris, including in its first printed edition, and sometimes to his namesake, the John of Wallingford who was abbot of St Albans from 1195 to 1214. However it is now believed to have been written by an unknown monk at some point after Abbot John's time, but before John the infirmarer obtained the manuscript. Richard Vaughan produced a critical edition of the work. A heavily abridged extract from the chronicle had previously been printed by Thomas Gale in 1691 in his \"Histori\u00e6 Britannic\u00e6 Saxonic\u00e6 Anglo-Danic\u00e6 Scriptores XV\".", "John of Basingstoke  John of Basingstoke (died 1252), also called John Basing, was an Archdeacon of Leicester in the 13th century. Basingstoke was an advocate of Greek literacy and seems to have been instrumental in introducing the apocryphal \"Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs\" to Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln. What is known of Basingstoke derives primarily from the writings of Grosseteste and another contemporary, Matthew Paris. Taking his name from the town of Basingstoke in Hampshire, Basingstoke studied at Oxford University and spent some time in Paris. Thomas Andrew Archer writes that Basingstoke Matthew Paris writes that during his time in Athens, Basingstoke was tutored by a well-read 19-year-old Athenian girl named Constantina (probably the daughter of archbishop of Athens Michael Acominatus). Basingstoke credited Constantina, who was said to \"foretell pestilences, thunderstorms, eclipses, and even earthquakes with unerring certainty\", for his knowledge of science. Based on a letter by Grosseteste, Basingstoke had by 1235 returned to England and was already acting as Archdeacon of Leicester. The year of his appointment is unknown. Basingstoke seems to have been good friends with Grosseteste; according to Paris, he brought to the attention of Grosseteste the apocryphal \"Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs\". In 1242, Grosseteste had the work brought from Greece and translated it with help of a clerk of St. Albans, \"for the strengthening of the Christian faith and the confusion of the Jews\", who were said to have deliberately hidden the book away \"on account of the manifest prophecies of Christ contained therein.\"", "In its final form the annal for 1179 contains a reference to the Lateran Council of 1215, and Vaughan finds that all of the extant manuscripts ultimately descend from a common ancestral exemplar that can be no earlier than 1228. However, Vaughan does not rule out the possibility that there might have been some earlier compilation used by Wendover, and finds some evidence for such a compilation, extending perhaps to 1066. The second and more widely distributed \"Flores Historiarum\" runs from the creation to 1326 (although some of the earlier manuscripts end at 1306). It was compiled by various persons and quickly acquired contemporary popularity, for it was continued by many hands in many manuscript traditions. Among twenty surviving manuscripts are those compiled at St Benet Holme, Norfolk, continued at Tintern Abbey (Royal Mss 14.c.6); at Norwich (Cottonian Claudius E 8); Rochester (Cottonian Nero D 2); St Paul's, London (Lambeth Mss 1106); St Mary's, Southwark (Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Mss B 177); and at St Augustine's, Canterbury (Harleian Mss 641). It was written originally at St Albans Abbey and later at Westminster Abbey. The earliest manuscript, the basis for all the various continuations, was conserved in Chetham's Library, Manchester. This manuscript was carried down to 1265, with brief notes and emendations in the hand of Matthew Paris. A continuation carried the chronicle down to 1306; the continuation from 1306 to 1325/26 was compiled at Westminster by Robert of Reading (d. 1325) and another Westminster monk. The second \"Flores Historiarum\" was for many years attributed to a \"Matthew of Westminster\" who Henry Richards Luard demonstrated was actually Matthew Paris.", "These arms were attributed to William III de Braose (d.1211) by Matthew Paris in \"Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 29v (shown there inverted to denote his death): \"Party per fesse gules and azure, three garbs or\". Matthew Paris is not generally primarily regarded as a reliable source for heraldry and these arms must be considered doubtful. The arms of Giles de Braose (d.1215) and his brother Reginald de Braose (d.1228), younger sons of William III de Braose (d.1211) : \"Barry of six vair gules and ermine and azure\". Matthew Paris attributed these arms, \"Party per pale indented gules and azure\", to William V de Braose (d.1230). They appear as a marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his \"impious murder\" (\"Nota impiam murthram\"). \" Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III; (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116 Matthew Paris however also depicts different arms for William V (d.1230) in \"Chronica Majora\", Part III, fol.75v, in an inverted shield: \"Gules, four piles meeting in base or\"  The Falkirk Roll of Arms c.1298 describes these arms for William VII de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (1260\u20131326). \"Azure crusilly (i.e. semy) of crosses-crosslet, a lion double queued rampant or\".", "The five tinted drawings added around 1250 are in a style especially associated with England, and best known through the contemporary work of Matthew Paris at St Albans, although it had been an English speciality since Anglo-Saxon times. A pen drawing with a strong outline is coloured with light brushed washes (the archbishop is in fact purely in ink, perhaps unfinished). They may be connected with a now lost psalter, also at Westminster and recorded in the inventory of 1388, which was said to have been given by Henry III (r. 1216-1272), who was rebuilding Edward the Confessor's abbey and also his Palace of Westminster at just this time. There are a number of documentary references to paintings in connection with the works on both buildings, now almost all lost. Like most English tinted drawings around this time, these were once attributed to Matthew Paris or his \"St Albans school\", but recent scholars see them as characteristic of a distinct London style: \"The Westminster work has more detailed, refined faces, and contours and internal folds show more jagged effects of line. There is a sophisticated professionalism about the drawing which contrasts with Matthew's accomplished but somewhat na\u00efve style\". The iconography of both campaigns of illustration has been related to the increasing assertion of royal power typical of the period. Meyer Schapiro pointed to very close similarities between some of the earlier miniatures and those in the slightly later Glazier Psalter, now Pierpont Morgan Library, New York (MS G. 25), in particular in their miniatures of \"Christ in Majesty\". He analysed in the Glazier miniatures a programme related to the controversies over the balance between the power of monarchies and the Church that were very intense at this period, though finding the Glazier Psalter probably on the Church's side of the argument."], "answer": {"text": "Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated.", "answer_start": 883}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#3", "question": "Why did he feel that way?", "rewrite": "Why did Nigel Morgan feel that way about Matthew Paris's influences?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["These arms were attributed to William III de Braose (d.1211) by Matthew Paris in \"Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 29v (shown there inverted to denote his death): \"Party per fesse gules and azure, three garbs or\". Matthew Paris is not generally primarily regarded as a reliable source for heraldry and these arms must be considered doubtful. The arms of Giles de Braose (d.1215) and his brother Reginald de Braose (d.1228), younger sons of William III de Braose (d.1211) : \"Barry of six vair gules and ermine and azure\". Matthew Paris attributed these arms, \"Party per pale indented gules and azure\", to William V de Braose (d.1230). They appear as a marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his \"impious murder\" (\"Nota impiam murthram\"). \" Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III; (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116 Matthew Paris however also depicts different arms for William V (d.1230) in \"Chronica Majora\", Part III, fol.75v, in an inverted shield: \"Gules, four piles meeting in base or\"  The Falkirk Roll of Arms c.1298 describes these arms for William VII de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (1260\u20131326). \"Azure crusilly (i.e. semy) of crosses-crosslet, a lion double queued rampant or\".", "Events in the British\u2013Zionist conflict in the British Mandate for Palestine made Morgan feel conflicted between his role in assisting Jewish refugees at UNRRA, whom he regarded as special victims of the Nazis for being persecuted solely for their race, and supporting British policy as a British Army officer. In January 1946 he created an uproar by claiming at a press conference that there was a secret Zionist organisation that was attempting to facilitate an \"exodus\" of Jewish people from Europe to a new state in Palestine with Soviet encouragement. Morgan stated that he had witnessed an \"exodus of Jews from Poland on Russian trains on a regular route from Lodz to Berlin. All of them were well dressed, well fed, healthy and had pockets bulging with money. All of them told the same monotonous story of threats, pogroms, and atrocities in Poland as a reason for their leaving\" . He later wrote: One reporter quoted Morgan as remarking that \"the Jews seem to have organised a plan enabling them to become a world power- a weak force numerically, but one which will have a generating power for getting what they want\". A correspondent reported that Morgan made \"casual observations based on what he saw ... but the controversial remarks were taken out of the context and put together by correspondents. \" UNRRA expected that Morgan would offer his resignation but he did not do so. An attempt to clarify his position \"off the record\" failed, and Morgan's position in Germany was eliminated by UNRRA Director Fiorello La Guardia. Morgan's statements caused a furore in the press, which portrayed them as anti-Semitic and distasteful. However, Morgan's comments were factual, based on military intelligence.", "English Apocalypse manuscripts Illustrated Apocalypse manuscripts are manuscripts that contain the text of Revelation or a commentary on Revelation and also illustrations. Many of the more famous Apocalypse manuscripts were made in England c. 1250-1400. Paul Meyer and L\u00e9opold Delisle, in their book \"L'Apocalypse en fran\u00e7ais au XIIIe si\u00e8cle (Paris MS fr. 403) \", 2 vols. , Paris, 1900-01, were the first scholars to try to list, describe and categorise the English Apocalypse manuscripts. M. R. James also wrote about illustrated Apocalypse manuscripts in his book \"The Apocalypse in Art\", London, 1931. Since M. R. James' work, there have been a number of more recent studies by R. Freyhan, George Henderson, Peter Klein, Suzanne Lewis, Nigel Morgan and Lucy Sandler. These manuscripts can be divided by the language and form of the Apocalypse text. Many manuscripts have a Latin text, others have an Anglo-Norman prose text and others have a French verse text combined with a Latin text. Two manuscripts do not have a separate text, but incorporate excerpts from the text into the illustrations. The illustrations can be divided into several different iconographic groups. The manuscripts with a Latin text all belong to the same iconographic family. With a few exceptions, this is also true of the manuscripts with the French prose texts and also with the French verse-Latin texts. The Eton Apocalypse features a Jewish Antichrist, part of a larger anti-Jewish theme present throughout the manuscript. This is a complete list of known English Apocalypse manuscripts of the 13th and 14th centuries.", "In some of Paris' manuscripts, a framed miniature occupies the upper half of the page, and in others they are \"marginal\" - unframed and occupying the bottom quarter (approximately) of the page. Tinted drawings were an established style well before Paris, and became especially popular in the first half of the 13th century. They were certainly much cheaper and quicker than fully painted illuminations. The tradition of tinted drawings or outline drawings with ink supplemented by coloured wash was distinctively English, dating back to the Anglo-Saxon art of the mid-10th century, and connected with the English Benedictine Reform of the period. A strong influence on one branch of the style was the Carolingian Utrecht Psalter, which was at Canterbury from about 1000 to 1640. This was copied in the 1020s in the Harley Psalter, and in the Eadwine Psalter of the mid-12th century. Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated. This is likely because so much more is known about him than other English illuminators of the period, who are mostly anonymous. Most manuscripts seem to have been produced by lay artists in this period. William de Brailes is shown with a clerical tonsure, but he was married, which suggests he had minor orders only. The manuscripts produced by Paris show few signs of collaboration, but art historians detect a School of St Albans' surviving after Paris' death, influenced by him. Paris' style suggests that it was formed by works from around 1200. He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries, especially those in London.", "The clear and detailed depiction of the costumes of the figures in the tinted drawings has been discussed and copied in works on the history of costume since the late 18th century; in particular the sleeveless open-seam surcoat worn over chain mail of the kneeling knight is often used as an example of this innovation from the Islamic world. Nigel Morgan was the first to distinguish a total of five hands in the decoration, three in the original campaign around 1200, one around 1250 and the last (naked man) later. The first artist did the roundels in the calendar, the \"Beatus\" initial, and the other figured initials, except for that with the monk on f 116, which was done by another artist. Between them these two were presumably responsible for the other decorated initials and text embellishments. These may well have been monks at Westminster, whereas the full-page prefatory miniatures were done by an artist of higher quality, who may well have been an \"itinerant lay professional\", as his work is also found in the initials in a bible made at St Albans Abbey, now at Trinity College, Cambridge (MS B. 5.3). His style is influenced by the artists responsible for the later work on the Winchester Bible, who are also thought to be responsible for the wall paintings in the chapter-house at Sigena in northern Spain, and those in the Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre in Winchester Cathedral. The miniatures are on the cusp of Romanesque and Gothic painting. Morgan says of his style: \"The figure forms are very substantial, static and rounded with fairly natural fold patterns. The faces are of Byzantine type but with softer modelling in lighter shades of colour resulting in more gentle expressions\", and says his \"Winchester training seems beyond doubt\"."], "answer": {"text": "This is likely because so much more is known about him than other English illuminators of the period, who are mostly anonymous.", "answer_start": 1017}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he influence other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#4", "question": "Did Paris often work alone?", "rewrite": "Did Paris often work alone on his drawings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The work is one of a series of variants of the Vel\u00e1zquez painting which Bacon executed throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, over a total of forty-five works. When asked why he was compelled to revisit the subject so often, Bacon replied that he had nothing against the Popes, that he merely \"wanted an excuse to use these colours, and you can't give ordinary clothes that purple colour without getting into a sort of false fauve manner.\" The Pope in this version seethes with anger and aggression, and the dark colors give the image a grotesque and nightmarish appearance. The pleated curtains of the backdrop are rendered transparent, and seem to fall through the Pope's face. Italian painter Giorgio Morandi was an important 20th-century early pioneer of Minimalism. Born in Bologna, Italy in 1890, throughout his career, Morandi concentrated almost exclusively on still lives and landscapes, except for a few self-portraits. With great sensitivity to tone, color, and compositional balance, he would depict the same familiar bottles and vases again and again in paintings notable for their simplicity of execution. Morandi executed 133 etchings, a significant body of work in its own right, and his drawings and watercolors often approach abstraction in their economy of means. Through his simple and repetitive motifs and economical use of color, value and surface, Morandi became a prescient and important forerunner of Minimalism. He died in Bologna in 1964. After World War II the term School of Paris often referred to Tachisme, the European equivalent of American Abstract expressionism and those artists are also related to Cobra. Important proponents being Jean Dubuffet, Pierre Soulages, Nicholas de Sta\u00ebl, Hans Hartung, Serge Poliakoff, and Georges Mathieu, among several others.", "Within the Zodiacs, she, Cluck and Saiyu constitute the reform faction and often work together. During the later rounds of the Chairman election, Pyon acts as master of ceremonies. On the expedition, she is a part of the intelligence team and makes software to recognize any ancient languages they might encounter on the Dark Continent. , code named the \"Snake\", is a woman with a calm attitude. She has the ability to change her arms into a snake which she uses to briefly threaten Pariston when he suggests the Zodiacs to make him the Chairman without election. Within the Zodiacs, she, Kanzai and Saccho constitute the liberal/apolitical faction and often work together. She is a coroner, pharmacist and Poison Hunter. On the expedition, she is a part of the science team. , code named the \"Chicken\", is one of the most short-tempered members in the Zodiacs. She appears to have the power to manipulate birds, as shown when she delivers all Hunters ballots for the election. Within the Zodiacs, she, Pyon and Saiyu constitute the reform faction and often work together. She is a musician, dancer, and Botanical Hunter. On the expedition, she is a part of the flora/fauna team and plans to collect intelligence and plants after landing. , code named the \"Horse\", is a Double Star Problem Hunter. He appears to be very strict about the rules, and is known as the \"Worry Hunter\". He is a detective and handyman. Within the Zodiacs, he, Kanzai and Gel constitute the liberal/apolitical faction and often work together. On the expedition, he is a part of the intelligence team and stands guard over Beyond's cell with Kanzai and Saiyu. , code named the \"Sheep\", is a ranger and Poacher Hunter.", "Antoine Berjon Antoine Berjon (17 May 1754 \u2013 24 October 1843) was a French painter and designer, among the most important flower painters of 19th-century France. He worked in a variety of media including oil, pastel, watercolour, and ink. Berjon was born in St Pierre de Vaise, a commune of Lyon, to the son of a butcher, and he first studied drawing with the local sculptor Antoine-Michel Perrache (1726\u20131779). His early history is not clear; according to his uncorroborated biographer J. Gaubin, he may have studied medicine or a religious vocation, learning flower painting during his novitiate. He went to work as a designer of textiles in Lyon's important silk industry until its collapse with the French Revolution. Berjon's paintings from the 1780s are untraced. In 1791, the Paris Salon accepted four of his works, including \"Still Life of Peaches and Grapes\". He visited Paris often in the early 1790s and moved there in 1794, becoming a friend of Jean-Baptiste-Jean Augustin (1759\u20131832), a painter of miniatures, and of Claude-Jean-Baptiste Hoin (1750\u20131817), a portraitist. Living in Paris for 17 years, he exhibited at the Salon at least five times. By the time of his return to Lyon in 1810, his reputation had increased, and he became the professor of flower design at the newly established \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, which had been founded by Napoleon's decree in 1807 to revive Lyon's silk industry. He was dismissed in 1823 after a 13-year appointment, replaced by his gifted pupil Augustin Thierrat (1789\u20131870).", "Within the Zodiacs, he, Cheadle, Botobai and Ginta constitute the moderate conservative faction and often work together. At the end of the Chairman election, Mizaistom asks his supporters to vote for Cheadle in order to prevent Pariston from winning. On the expedition, he is a part of the intelligence team and devotes his attention to decks three and four, where the crime rate is much higher than expected. His ability uses blue cards to admit people to his \"courtroom,\" yellow to immobilize them, and red to dismiss them from the courtroom. , code named the \"Dragon\", is a Triple Star Hunter. He is the most senior member of the Zodiacs and was close to Netero. He is a public prosecutor, military analyst, and Terrorist Hunter. Within the Zodiacs, he, Cheadle, Mizaistom and Ginta constitute the moderate conservative faction and often work together. On the expedition, he is a part of the defense team. He and Mizaistom help the royal troops and private security to maintain order and handle the criminal issues on the Black Whale, with Botobai also acting as a court official. , code named the \"Tiger\", is a hot-tempered bodyguard and Treasure Hunter. He has a short temper as shown when he easily gets mad when Pariston and Hisoka tease him. Within the Zodiacs, he, Gel and Saccho constitute the liberal/apolitical faction and often work together. On the expedition, he is a part of the defense team and stands guard over Beyond's cell with Saccho and Saiyu. , code named the \"Rabbit\", is a linguist, interpreter and Paleograph Hunter. She appears to be proficient in technology, as she is often seen on her phone or a laptop.", "Tom Paris Thomas Eugene \"Tom\" Paris, played by Robert Duncan McNeill, is a character in the American science fiction television series \"\". In that show, which aired on UPN between 1995 and 2001, Paris serves as the chief helmsman and an auxiliary medic aboard the United Federation of Planets starship USS \"Voyager\", which must make its way home after being stranded on the opposite of the Galaxy as Earth with a motley collection of Starfleet, Maquis, and aliens as crew. The character's middle name, \"Eugene\", is a tribute to \"Star Trek\" creator Gene Roddenberry. Tom Paris is the son of Starfleet Admiral Owen Paris and a scion of a family with a long history of illustrious service in Starfleet. Following in his family's tradition, Paris attended Starfleet Academy sometime in the 2350s and majored in astrophysics. A gifted pilot, Paris earned an assignment to the Academy's honor squadron. His relationship with his father was not a good one; while Tom wanted to join the Federation Naval Patrol, Owen wanted him to enlist at Starfleet Academy. Admiral Paris often disapproved of his son's tendency to get into fights and his resulting punishments. Soon after his graduation from Starfleet Academy, Tom crashed a shuttle he was piloting near Caldik Prime, killing three other Starfleet officers. Afraid he would lose his commission, Paris falsified records that would later reveal the cause of the accident as pilot error. His efforts to cover up the error succeeded, yet still, overwhelmed by guilt and regret, he confessed. He was court martialed for his actions and was dishonorably discharged from Starfleet. This caused a major rift between Paris and his father."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he influence other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he feel that way?", "answer": {"text": "This is likely because so much more is known about him than other English illuminators of the period, who are mostly anonymous.", "answer_start": 1017, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#5", "question": "What was Paris' art style described as?", "rewrite": "Besides old-fashioned, what was Paris' art style described as?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wat Phra Lao Thep Nimit Wat Phra Lao Thep Nimit () is a Buddhist temple in Amnat Charoen Province, Thailand, situated on Highway 2134, 2 km from Amphoe Phana. The temple has a Lanna-style chapel which houses the principal Buddha image \"Phra Lao Thep Nimit\". Built in 1720, the Buddha image, in subduing Mara attitude decorated by gold leaves, is considered the most beautiful Buddha image of Northeast Region. The art style mirrors Laotian art style from Vientiane which is influenced by Lanna during the 16th-17th Century. The Buddha image was probably built a bit after such period, assumed from appearance of local art style such as face pattern, higher flame over the head, lap and feet which are similar to art style found in wooden and bronze Buddha statue from the 18th -19th century.", "Art Style Art Style is a video game series created by skip Ltd. for WiiWare and DSiWare. The first game in the \"Art Style\" series, \"Orbient\", was released for WiiWare in September 2008. Another two \"Art Style\" games, \"Cubello\" and \"Rotohex\", were released during October 2008 while two more were added in 2010. Seven DSiWare \" Art Style\" games were released on that service after its launch in Japan in December 2008, with the first two being \"Aquario\" and \"Decode\". According to Nintendo, games in the \"Art Style\" series emphasize \"elegant design, polished graphics, and pick-up-and-play controls\" that create \"an experience focused purely on fun and engaging game play.\" WiiWare titles released in the series cost 600 Nintendo Points, while DSiWare titles cost 500 points. Art Style was preceded by a series of seven similarly simple games for the Game Boy Advance called bit Generations. The bit Generations series came late in the life of the system and was subsequently never released in Western territories, however some of those games have since been released as Art Style games.", "Domino Day Domino Day was a world record attempt for the highest number of toppling domino stones, organized from 1998 to 2009 by Endemol Netherlands. Together with Weijers Domino Productions of Robin Paul Weijers, also known as Mr. Domino, parties teamed up to set a new world record. The production was mainly organized at the WTC Expo in Leeuwarden, Netherlands. Starting in 2004, each Domino Day has featured Builders' Challenges, with three challenges in 2004 and 2005, and four challenges starting in 2006. Builders are usually chosen in pairs for each Builder's Challenge. The chosen builders then have to complete vital parts of the setup while the dominoes are already toppling elsewhere, in order to allow another field of dominoes to topple. This usually takes the form of trying to bridge the gap(s) in an unfinished setup before the toppling dominoes reach it. For the 2005 event, the dominoes which fell during the third builders challenge were not counted for the record as it was determined that the one of the builders restarted the flow of the dominoes after they had stopped due to two being placed too far apart. In the 2006 event the second and third builders challenge were successful in that the challenge was completed, but due to incorrect timing the gates did not lift, thus stopping the flow before it reached the fields. Starting in 2006, a series of \"Slow Stones\" are placed just before the final Builders Challenge. Slow Stones are relatively large, transparent domino stones filled with colored powder, with each Slow Stone containing a different-colored powder. Upon reaching the first Slow Stone, its powder begins to drain (similar to an hourglass) until it becomes light enough to tip over, hitting the next Slow Stone to start its powder draining. The process takes approximately one minute per Slow Stone.", "One of the ideas was the \"Juke Box Hero\" portion that Jones had developed and the other was developed by Gramm and had been called \"Take One Guitar\". This song was also re-recorded live at a 2005 Las Vegas concert where it includes portions of the Led Zeppelin song \"Whole Lotta Love\" (from \"Led Zeppelin II\"), and released on Foreigner's \"Extended Versions\" album. A live version of \"Juke Box Hero\" was also released on the 2014 album \"Best of Foreigner 4 & More\". The song appears as background music in at least three sport documentaries or videos: once in 2004 about American professional snowboarder and skateboarder Shaun White, to differentiate Aaron Feinberg's part in MindGame's rollerblading video \"Brain Fear Gone\", and lastly in the late Shane McConkey's \"Claim\" video. In addition, the song has been employed commercially. It appeared in a commercial for the product launch in late 2007 of the Samsung Juke cellphone. It is a downloadable track for the video game \"\" and the music video game series\" Rock Band\". A mash-up based on the song is featured in \"DJ Hero\", composed and performed by DJ Z-Trip. The song was used in a mashup with \"I Love Rock 'n' Roll\" in the 2012 film adaptation of the Broadway musical \"Rock of Ages\". The song was featured episode \"The Dim Knight\", an episode of the 2010 television series \"The Good Guys\". The phrase Juke Box Hero is used by Grace Kelly in the 1956 film musical \"High Society\", in reference to Bing Crosby's character.", "Juke Box Hero \"Juke Box Hero\" is a song written by Lou Gramm and Mick Jones and performed by their band Foreigner, from their 1981 album \"4\". It first entered the \"Billboard\" Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in July 1981. Released as the album's third single in early 1982, it subsequently went to #26 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. Although the physical 45 sold fewer than 500,000 copies, \"Juke Box Hero\" has been certified platinum by the RIAA for over a million digital downloads. The song focuses on a boy unable to purchase a ticket to a sold-out rock concert. Listening from outside, he hears \"one guitar\" and has an epiphany, leading him to buy a guitar and learn to play it. He realizes that with the guitar he has a chance to achieve musical stardom. The song then goes on to describe the struggle he has to stay on top of the music charts, which makes him a \"Juke Box Hero\". He eventually encounters another fan outside the stage door at one of his concerts, who reminds him of himself and how it all began. Mick Jones told Songfacts that the song was inspired by an actual fan who stood waiting outside an arena for about five hours in the rain. Jones, impressed by his dedication, decided to take him in and give him a glimpse of what happens backstage at a show. On July 19, 2016 Lou said on the Brother Wease radio show in Rochester, that the song was about him waiting outside the Rochester War Memorial to see Jimi Hendrix but the show was sold out. The song was developed out of two separate song ideas that were combined with the help of producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange."], "answer": {"text": "His colouring emphasises green and blue, and together with his characteristic layout of a picture in the top half of a page, is relatively distinctive.", "answer_start": 280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he influence other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he feel that way?", "answer": {"text": "This is likely because so much more is known about him than other English illuminators of the period, who are mostly anonymous.", "answer_start": 1017, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paris often work alone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#6", "question": "What made his work so distinctive?", "rewrite": "Besides Matthew Paris's emphasis on green and blue, what made the art so distinctive?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nicholas was born in about 1195 and appears to have spent some of his early life in the court of King John (1199-1216), whose son King Henry III (1216-1272) he would later serve. He served as Sheriff of Hampshire (1228\u20131232), Sheriff of Devon (1234), and Sheriff of Yorkshire (1239\u20131242); also as Constable of Winchester Castle, Pembroke Castle, Haverfordwest Castle, Cilgerran Castle, Tenby Castle, Rochester Castle (1247), Canterbury Castle (1247) and Corfe Castle. He was also Governor of the Channel Islands. Matther Paris wrote as follows concerning events in 1243:  Which may be translated as follows: In September 1243 King Henry III left Gascony to return to England, having on 17 June 1243 appointed Nicholas de Moels as Seneschal of Gascony, as is related by Matthew Paris in his Chronica Majora, with a marginal illustration of the King and Queen on board a ship with a man in a small boat alongside, apparently de Moels seeing him off. The Latin text following the illustration is as follows: Translated as: In 1244 in Gascony de Moels inflicted a defeat on the King of Navarre, capturing him in person on the battlefield, according to the Devonshire historian Tristram Risdon (d.1640). He was relieved of that office, with commendation for his service, in July 1245. The event is related as follows by Matthew Paris: Which may be translated: He returned to England to fight in the Welsh wars and was made governor of Caernarvon Castle and Cardigan Castle. In 1246 he was made Constable of Dover Castle, Sheriff of Kent in 1247 and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports in 1258.", "Bristol Aerojet Bristol Aerojet (BAJ) was a joint venture between the Bristol Aeroplane Company of the United Kingdom and Aerojet General of the US begun in 1959 using the existing factory at Banwell near Weston super Mare, England. Built in 1941 under the authority of the Minister of Aircraft Production, the works was operated by the Bristol Aeroplane Company to build and repair Bristol Beaufort and Bristol Beaufighter torpedo fighter-bombers and Hawker Tempest fighters. After the war the company built pre-fab houses and schools there until the mid-fifties, and then rocket-motor manufacturing required by the Cold War took over. Discussions with Aerojet of California USA took place aimed at exploiting the varied rocket-making skills of the two companies, and in 1959 the Banwell works became Bristol Aerojet (BAJ), with a board chaired by Sir Reginald Verdon-Smith of Bristol Aeroplane Company, with Dan Kimball leading the Aerojet representation. Co-operation began with the Blue Water lorry-launched battlefield nuclear missile, but the Blue Water project was cancelled in 1962, and so the MoS had no application for the polyurethane propellant which was promoted by Aerojet. BAJ Banwell concentrated on development of improved rocket motor cases and their materials, and here Aerojet assistance was valuable. A contract was executed for 5,500 motor cases for the Martin 'Bullpup' missile for Nato. Gosling (for Bloodhound), Retriever (Sea Slug), 3000 Sealyham (Sea Cat), and Troy (Rapier) motor cases were built under the Design Authority of the Rocket Propulsion Establishment Westcott, a Ministry of Supply establishment. With the next project, Blackcap, BAJ became Design Authority, and its manufacture featured electron beam welding allowing assembly of fully machined components.", "In an interlinear gloss:  According to the \"Novum Testamentum Graece\", a compendium source document for most current New Testament translations and a standard for related academic work, the word appears only in Matthew 6:11 and Luke 11:2 as part of the Lord's Prayer. This makes \"epiousios\" a \"hapax legomenon\", that is, it appears only once. \" The Didache\", a first- or early second-century guide to Christian discipleship, also quotes \u1f10\u03c0\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 verbatim from the Lord's Prayer (Matthew's wording) in 8:2. In the twentieth century, one other use appeared to come to light. In an Egyptian papyrus dated to the 5th century CE, a shopping list, Sammelbuch 5224,20, a word transcribed as \"epiousios\" appears next to the names of several grocery items. This seems to indicate that it was used in the sense of \"enough for today\", \"enough for tomorrow\", or \"necessary\". However, after the papyrus containing the shopping list, missing for many years, was rediscovered at the Yale Beinecke Library in 1998, a re-examination found \"elaiou\" (oil), not \"epiousios.\" (The original transcriber, A. H. Sayce, was apparently known to be a poor transcriber.) In addition, the document was reassessed to date from the first or second century CE, not the 5th century. Therefore, the use of \"epiousios\" seems indeed to occur nowhere else in ancient Greek literature besides Matthew, Luke, and \"The Didach\u0113\". \"Epiousei\", used in Acts 7:26 to refer to the \"next\" day, may be a cognate word.", "The five tinted drawings added around 1250 are in a style especially associated with England, and best known through the contemporary work of Matthew Paris at St Albans, although it had been an English speciality since Anglo-Saxon times. A pen drawing with a strong outline is coloured with light brushed washes (the archbishop is in fact purely in ink, perhaps unfinished). They may be connected with a now lost psalter, also at Westminster and recorded in the inventory of 1388, which was said to have been given by Henry III (r. 1216-1272), who was rebuilding Edward the Confessor's abbey and also his Palace of Westminster at just this time. There are a number of documentary references to paintings in connection with the works on both buildings, now almost all lost. Like most English tinted drawings around this time, these were once attributed to Matthew Paris or his \"St Albans school\", but recent scholars see them as characteristic of a distinct London style: \"The Westminster work has more detailed, refined faces, and contours and internal folds show more jagged effects of line. There is a sophisticated professionalism about the drawing which contrasts with Matthew's accomplished but somewhat na\u00efve style\". The iconography of both campaigns of illustration has been related to the increasing assertion of royal power typical of the period. Meyer Schapiro pointed to very close similarities between some of the earlier miniatures and those in the slightly later Glazier Psalter, now Pierpont Morgan Library, New York (MS G. 25), in particular in their miniatures of \"Christ in Majesty\". He analysed in the Glazier miniatures a programme related to the controversies over the balance between the power of monarchies and the Church that were very intense at this period, though finding the Glazier Psalter probably on the Church's side of the argument.", "These arms were attributed to William III de Braose (d.1211) by Matthew Paris in \"Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 29v (shown there inverted to denote his death): \"Party per fesse gules and azure, three garbs or\". Matthew Paris is not generally primarily regarded as a reliable source for heraldry and these arms must be considered doubtful. The arms of Giles de Braose (d.1215) and his brother Reginald de Braose (d.1228), younger sons of William III de Braose (d.1211) : \"Barry of six vair gules and ermine and azure\". Matthew Paris attributed these arms, \"Party per pale indented gules and azure\", to William V de Braose (d.1230). They appear as a marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his \"impious murder\" (\"Nota impiam murthram\"). \" Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III; (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116 Matthew Paris however also depicts different arms for William V (d.1230) in \"Chronica Majora\", Part III, fol.75v, in an inverted shield: \"Gules, four piles meeting in base or\"  The Falkirk Roll of Arms c.1298 describes these arms for William VII de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (1260\u20131326). \"Azure crusilly (i.e. semy) of crosses-crosslet, a lion double queued rampant or\"."], "answer": {"text": "His compositions are very inventive; his position as a well-connected monk may have given him more confidence in creating new compositions,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he influence other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he feel that way?", "answer": {"text": "This is likely because so much more is known about him than other English illuminators of the period, who are mostly anonymous.", "answer_start": 1017, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paris often work alone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Paris' art style described as?", "answer": {"text": "His colouring emphasises green and blue, and together with his characteristic layout of a picture in the top half of a page, is relatively distinctive.", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#7", "question": "Was his artwork very refined?", "rewrite": "Was Matthew Paris's artwork very refined?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Amongst a miscellany of items, including an outline chronicle for a history of Britain, and a tide table for predicting \"flod at London brigge\" (i.e. the time of high tide at London Bridge), that is credited with being the earliest extant such tide table in Europe, other items in the manuscript include a drawing of Wallingford by Paris, a draft for a map of Britain by Paris to which Wallingford has added some further place-names, and a copy by Wallingford of Matthew Paris's picture of King Henry III's elephant. Folios 10r to 33v of the manuscript are written in a different hand, and contain a chronicle of English history from the legendary Brutus to Cnut (d. 1035) \u2013 though more of it is in fact devoted to hagiographies of English saints than to history. The work shares many sources with Roger of Wendover's \"Flores Historiarum\", presumably compiled from the same library at the same time; but its paraphrasing is different, and sometimes it is much more extensive in its extracts. In the past this anonymous chronicle has sometimes been attributed to the above John of Wallingford who was a contemporary of Matthew Paris, including in its first printed edition, and sometimes to his namesake, the John of Wallingford who was abbot of St Albans from 1195 to 1214. However it is now believed to have been written by an unknown monk at some point after Abbot John's time, but before John the infirmarer obtained the manuscript. Richard Vaughan produced a critical edition of the work. A heavily abridged extract from the chronicle had previously been printed by Thomas Gale in 1691 in his \"Histori\u00e6 Britannic\u00e6 Saxonic\u00e6 Anglo-Danic\u00e6 Scriptores XV\".", "The five tinted drawings added around 1250 are in a style especially associated with England, and best known through the contemporary work of Matthew Paris at St Albans, although it had been an English speciality since Anglo-Saxon times. A pen drawing with a strong outline is coloured with light brushed washes (the archbishop is in fact purely in ink, perhaps unfinished). They may be connected with a now lost psalter, also at Westminster and recorded in the inventory of 1388, which was said to have been given by Henry III (r. 1216-1272), who was rebuilding Edward the Confessor's abbey and also his Palace of Westminster at just this time. There are a number of documentary references to paintings in connection with the works on both buildings, now almost all lost. Like most English tinted drawings around this time, these were once attributed to Matthew Paris or his \"St Albans school\", but recent scholars see them as characteristic of a distinct London style: \"The Westminster work has more detailed, refined faces, and contours and internal folds show more jagged effects of line. There is a sophisticated professionalism about the drawing which contrasts with Matthew's accomplished but somewhat na\u00efve style\". The iconography of both campaigns of illustration has been related to the increasing assertion of royal power typical of the period. Meyer Schapiro pointed to very close similarities between some of the earlier miniatures and those in the slightly later Glazier Psalter, now Pierpont Morgan Library, New York (MS G. 25), in particular in their miniatures of \"Christ in Majesty\". He analysed in the Glazier miniatures a programme related to the controversies over the balance between the power of monarchies and the Church that were very intense at this period, though finding the Glazier Psalter probably on the Church's side of the argument.", "These arms were attributed to William III de Braose (d.1211) by Matthew Paris in \"Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 29v (shown there inverted to denote his death): \"Party per fesse gules and azure, three garbs or\". Matthew Paris is not generally primarily regarded as a reliable source for heraldry and these arms must be considered doubtful. The arms of Giles de Braose (d.1215) and his brother Reginald de Braose (d.1228), younger sons of William III de Braose (d.1211) : \"Barry of six vair gules and ermine and azure\". Matthew Paris attributed these arms, \"Party per pale indented gules and azure\", to William V de Braose (d.1230). They appear as a marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his \"impious murder\" (\"Nota impiam murthram\"). \" Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III; (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116 Matthew Paris however also depicts different arms for William V (d.1230) in \"Chronica Majora\", Part III, fol.75v, in an inverted shield: \"Gules, four piles meeting in base or\"  The Falkirk Roll of Arms c.1298 describes these arms for William VII de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (1260\u20131326). \"Azure crusilly (i.e. semy) of crosses-crosslet, a lion double queued rampant or\".", "In its final form the annal for 1179 contains a reference to the Lateran Council of 1215, and Vaughan finds that all of the extant manuscripts ultimately descend from a common ancestral exemplar that can be no earlier than 1228. However, Vaughan does not rule out the possibility that there might have been some earlier compilation used by Wendover, and finds some evidence for such a compilation, extending perhaps to 1066. The second and more widely distributed \"Flores Historiarum\" runs from the creation to 1326 (although some of the earlier manuscripts end at 1306). It was compiled by various persons and quickly acquired contemporary popularity, for it was continued by many hands in many manuscript traditions. Among twenty surviving manuscripts are those compiled at St Benet Holme, Norfolk, continued at Tintern Abbey (Royal Mss 14.c.6); at Norwich (Cottonian Claudius E 8); Rochester (Cottonian Nero D 2); St Paul's, London (Lambeth Mss 1106); St Mary's, Southwark (Bodleian Library, Rawlinson Mss B 177); and at St Augustine's, Canterbury (Harleian Mss 641). It was written originally at St Albans Abbey and later at Westminster Abbey. The earliest manuscript, the basis for all the various continuations, was conserved in Chetham's Library, Manchester. This manuscript was carried down to 1265, with brief notes and emendations in the hand of Matthew Paris. A continuation carried the chronicle down to 1306; the continuation from 1306 to 1325/26 was compiled at Westminster by Robert of Reading (d. 1325) and another Westminster monk. The second \"Flores Historiarum\" was for many years attributed to a \"Matthew of Westminster\" who Henry Richards Luard demonstrated was actually Matthew Paris.", "John of Basingstoke  John of Basingstoke (died 1252), also called John Basing, was an Archdeacon of Leicester in the 13th century. Basingstoke was an advocate of Greek literacy and seems to have been instrumental in introducing the apocryphal \"Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs\" to Robert Grosseteste, bishop of Lincoln. What is known of Basingstoke derives primarily from the writings of Grosseteste and another contemporary, Matthew Paris. Taking his name from the town of Basingstoke in Hampshire, Basingstoke studied at Oxford University and spent some time in Paris. Thomas Andrew Archer writes that Basingstoke Matthew Paris writes that during his time in Athens, Basingstoke was tutored by a well-read 19-year-old Athenian girl named Constantina (probably the daughter of archbishop of Athens Michael Acominatus). Basingstoke credited Constantina, who was said to \"foretell pestilences, thunderstorms, eclipses, and even earthquakes with unerring certainty\", for his knowledge of science. Based on a letter by Grosseteste, Basingstoke had by 1235 returned to England and was already acting as Archdeacon of Leicester. The year of his appointment is unknown. Basingstoke seems to have been good friends with Grosseteste; according to Paris, he brought to the attention of Grosseteste the apocryphal \"Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs\". In 1242, Grosseteste had the work brought from Greece and translated it with help of a clerk of St. Albans, \"for the strengthening of the Christian faith and the confusion of the Jews\", who were said to have deliberately hidden the book away \"on account of the manifest prophecies of Christ contained therein.\""], "answer": {"text": "Tinted drawings were an established style well before Paris, and became especially popular in the first half of the 13th century.", "answer_start": 194}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he influence other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he feel that way?", "answer": {"text": "This is likely because so much more is known about him than other English illuminators of the period, who are mostly anonymous.", "answer_start": 1017, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paris often work alone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Paris' art style described as?", "answer": {"text": "His colouring emphasises green and blue, and together with his characteristic layout of a picture in the top half of a page, is relatively distinctive.", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What made his work so distinctive?", "answer": {"text": "His compositions are very inventive; his position as a well-connected monk may have given him more confidence in creating new compositions,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5560455017bc41a0a585732de010fc90_1_q#8", "question": "Is there any other interesting information?", "rewrite": "In addition to Matthew Paris's technique, is there any other interesting information about his drawing style?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The five tinted drawings added around 1250 are in a style especially associated with England, and best known through the contemporary work of Matthew Paris at St Albans, although it had been an English speciality since Anglo-Saxon times. A pen drawing with a strong outline is coloured with light brushed washes (the archbishop is in fact purely in ink, perhaps unfinished). They may be connected with a now lost psalter, also at Westminster and recorded in the inventory of 1388, which was said to have been given by Henry III (r. 1216-1272), who was rebuilding Edward the Confessor's abbey and also his Palace of Westminster at just this time. There are a number of documentary references to paintings in connection with the works on both buildings, now almost all lost. Like most English tinted drawings around this time, these were once attributed to Matthew Paris or his \"St Albans school\", but recent scholars see them as characteristic of a distinct London style: \"The Westminster work has more detailed, refined faces, and contours and internal folds show more jagged effects of line. There is a sophisticated professionalism about the drawing which contrasts with Matthew's accomplished but somewhat na\u00efve style\". The iconography of both campaigns of illustration has been related to the increasing assertion of royal power typical of the period. Meyer Schapiro pointed to very close similarities between some of the earlier miniatures and those in the slightly later Glazier Psalter, now Pierpont Morgan Library, New York (MS G. 25), in particular in their miniatures of \"Christ in Majesty\". He analysed in the Glazier miniatures a programme related to the controversies over the balance between the power of monarchies and the Church that were very intense at this period, though finding the Glazier Psalter probably on the Church's side of the argument.", "These arms were attributed to William III de Braose (d.1211) by Matthew Paris in \"Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 29v (shown there inverted to denote his death): \"Party per fesse gules and azure, three garbs or\". Matthew Paris is not generally primarily regarded as a reliable source for heraldry and these arms must be considered doubtful. The arms of Giles de Braose (d.1215) and his brother Reginald de Braose (d.1228), younger sons of William III de Braose (d.1211) : \"Barry of six vair gules and ermine and azure\". Matthew Paris attributed these arms, \"Party per pale indented gules and azure\", to William V de Braose (d.1230). They appear as a marginal drawing of an inverted shield referring to his \"impious murder\" (\"Nota impiam murthram\"). \" Historia Anglorum, Chronica Majora\", Part III; (1250\u201359) British Library MS Royal 14 C VII f. 116 Matthew Paris however also depicts different arms for William V (d.1230) in \"Chronica Majora\", Part III, fol.75v, in an inverted shield: \"Gules, four piles meeting in base or\"  The Falkirk Roll of Arms c.1298 describes these arms for William VII de Braose, 2nd Baron Braose (1260\u20131326). \"Azure crusilly (i.e. semy) of crosses-crosslet, a lion double queued rampant or\".", "Brown's drawing style had always changed from project to project. He frequently cited Harold Gray of \"Little Orphan Annie\" as the primary influence on the drawing style of \"Louis Riel\"\u2014restrained artwork which avoids extreme closeups, and blank-eyed characters with large bodies, small heads, and oversized noses. Gray's drawing and compositional style was well suited to the subject of \"Louis Riel\". Gray often used his strip as a public platform for politics, and \"Louis Riel\" was also very public and outward-looking. This approach is in great contrast to the inward-looking comics Brown had previously been known for\u2014notably his autobiographical work. His cross-hatching style was reminiscent of the editorial cartoonists of Riel's time. Gray's outdoor scenes were inspired by the Illinois plains of Gray's youth, terrain similar to that of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Brown also acknowledges significant debts to Jack Jackson's historical comics, Herg\u00e9's \"The Adventures of Tintin\", and the extremely exaggerated style of Larry Gonick's \"Cartoon History of the Universe\". He says he referred to Jack Hamm's \"How to Draw Animals\" when drawing the horses that appear frequently throughout the book, which were rendered running with their legs splayed, as an artist may have depicted them in the days before the influence of Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of bodies in motion. Brown drew each of the 1325 panels separately on watercolour paper on a block of wood he placed on his lap in lieu of a drawing table, which allowed him seamlessly to rearrange, insert, and delete panels as he saw fit. The drawings were finished using both a thin ink brush (no larger than size 0) and dip pen with a Hunt 102 nib and black ink.", "Two of the standard layouts in graph drawing, arc diagrams and circular layouts, can be viewed as book embeddings, and book embedding has also been applied in the construction of clustered layouts, simultaneous embeddings, and three-dimensional graph drawings. An arc diagram or linear embedding places vertices of a graph along a line, and draws the edges of the graph as semicircles either above or below this line, sometimes also allowing edges to be drawn on segments of the line. This drawing style corresponds to a book embedding with either one page (if all semicircles are above the line) or two pages (if both sides of the line are used), and was originally introduced as a way of studying the crossing numbers of graphs. Planar graphs that do not have two-page book embeddings may also be drawn in a similar way, by allowing their edges to be represented by multiple semicircles above and below the line. Such a drawing is not a book embedding by the usual definition, but has been called a topological book embedding. For every planar graph, it is always possible to find such an embedding in which each edge crosses the spine at most once. In another drawing style, the circular layout, the vertices of a graph are placed on a circle and the edges are drawn either inside or outside the circle. Again, a placement of the edges within the circle (for instance as straight line segments) corresponds to a one-page book drawing, while a placement both inside and outside the circle corresponds to a two-page book drawing. For one-page drawings of either style, it is important to keep the number of crossings small as a way of reducing the visual clutter of the drawing.", "Area (graph drawing) In graph drawing, the area used by a drawing is a commonly used way of measuring its quality. For a drawing style in which the vertices are placed on the integer lattice, the area of the drawing may be defined as the area of the smallest axis-aligned bounding box of the drawing: that is, it the product of the largest difference in \"x\"-coordinates of two vertices with the largest difference in \"y\"-coordinates. For other drawing styles, in which vertices are placed more freely, the drawing may be scaled so that the closest pair of vertices have distance one from each other, after which the area can again be defined as the area of a smallest bounding box of a drawing. Alternatively, the area can be defined as the area of the convex hull of the drawing, again after appropriate scaling. For straight-line drawings of planar graphs with \"n\" vertices, the optimal worst-case bound on the area of a drawing is \u0398(\"n\"). The nested triangles graph requires this much area no matter how it is embedded, and several methods are known that can draw planar graphs with at most quadratic area. Binary trees, and trees of bounded degree more generally, have drawings with linear or near-linear area, depending on the drawing style. Every outerplanar graph has a straight-line outerplanar drawing with area subquadratic in its number of vertices, If bends or crossings are allowed, then outerplanar graphs have drawings with near-linear area. However, drawing series-parallel graphs requires an area larger than \"n\" multiplied by a superpolylogarithmic factor, even if edges can be drawn as polylines. In contrast to these polynomial bounds, some drawing styles may exhibit exponential growth in their areas, implying that these styles may be suitable only for small graphs."], "answer": {"text": "The manuscripts produced by Paris show few signs of collaboration, but art historians detect a School of St Albans' surviving after Paris' death, influenced by him.", "answer_start": 1334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of artist was Matthew Paris?", "answer": {"text": "He was somewhat old-fashioned in retaining a roundness in his figures, rather than adopting the thin angularity of most of his artist contemporaries,", "answer_start": 1567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do a lot of drawings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he influence other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Recent scholarship, notably that of Nigel Morgan, suggests that Paris' influence on other artists of the period has been exaggerated.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he feel that way?", "answer": {"text": "This is likely because so much more is known about him than other English illuminators of the period, who are mostly anonymous.", "answer_start": 1017, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Paris often work alone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Paris' art style described as?", "answer": {"text": "His colouring emphasises green and blue, and together with his characteristic layout of a picture in the top half of a page, is relatively distinctive.", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What made his work so distinctive?", "answer": {"text": "His compositions are very inventive; his position as a well-connected monk may have given him more confidence in creating new compositions,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was his artwork very refined?", "answer": {"text": "Tinted drawings were an established style well before Paris, and became especially popular in the first half of the 13th century.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_0_q#0", "question": "When did George Foreman make his second comeback?", "rewrite": "When did George Foreman make his second comeback?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off.", "George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney, billed as \"The Preacher and the Puncher\", was a professional boxing match contested on January 15, 1990. Late in 1989, 40-year-old former undisputed heavyweight champion George Foreman and 33-year-old former top ranked contender Gerry Cooney agreed to terms on a January 15, 1990 fight. Foreman was three years and 19 fights into his comeback. At that time of his fight with Cooney, Foreman had won all 19 of his comeback fights, scoring 18 knockouts and only one opponent, journeyman heavyweight Everett \"Bigfoot\" Martin had managed to go the distance with Foreman. However, Foreman's opponents had ranged from complete unknowns to career journeyman (including Martin, David Jaco and Bert Cooper) with few notable victories, with his most decorated opponent being former light heavyweight and cruiserweight world champion, as well as future hall-of-famer Dwight Muhammad Qawi, who was dwarfed by Foreman and had never fought in the heavyweight division prior to that fight. With Cooney, however, Foreman was taking on a former heavyweight title contender who held victories over former contenders and Foreman adversaries Ken Norton, Ron Lyle and Jimmy Young, whose victory over Foreman in 1977 sent him into a 10-year retirement. Cooney's most notable bout had been his 1982 IBF title fight against Larry Holmes. After three consecutive knockout victories over the aforementioned Young, Lyle and Norton, Cooney was regarded as the number one challenger to Holmes's heavyweight title and viewed as having a legit chance at ending Holmes' undefeated record and capturing the title. Cooney fought a close fight with Holmes, but he tired during the later rounds and his corner stopped the fight in the 13th round after a barrage of punches from Holmes.", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters."], "answer": {"text": "In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_0_q#1", "question": "Who was the first person he fought when he came back?", "rewrite": "Who was the first person George Foreman fought when he came back in 1987?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney, billed as \"The Preacher and the Puncher\", was a professional boxing match contested on January 15, 1990. Late in 1989, 40-year-old former undisputed heavyweight champion George Foreman and 33-year-old former top ranked contender Gerry Cooney agreed to terms on a January 15, 1990 fight. Foreman was three years and 19 fights into his comeback. At that time of his fight with Cooney, Foreman had won all 19 of his comeback fights, scoring 18 knockouts and only one opponent, journeyman heavyweight Everett \"Bigfoot\" Martin had managed to go the distance with Foreman. However, Foreman's opponents had ranged from complete unknowns to career journeyman (including Martin, David Jaco and Bert Cooper) with few notable victories, with his most decorated opponent being former light heavyweight and cruiserweight world champion, as well as future hall-of-famer Dwight Muhammad Qawi, who was dwarfed by Foreman and had never fought in the heavyweight division prior to that fight. With Cooney, however, Foreman was taking on a former heavyweight title contender who held victories over former contenders and Foreman adversaries Ken Norton, Ron Lyle and Jimmy Young, whose victory over Foreman in 1977 sent him into a 10-year retirement. Cooney's most notable bout had been his 1982 IBF title fight against Larry Holmes. After three consecutive knockout victories over the aforementioned Young, Lyle and Norton, Cooney was regarded as the number one challenger to Holmes's heavyweight title and viewed as having a legit chance at ending Holmes' undefeated record and capturing the title. Cooney fought a close fight with Holmes, but he tired during the later rounds and his corner stopped the fight in the 13th round after a barrage of punches from Holmes.", "However, despite his record, his one loss had been a third-round knockout against Darroll \" Doin' Damage\" Wilson on HBO the previous year which halted his momentum and hurt his status as one of the premier up-and-coming heavyweights. However, realizing that a win over Foreman would get him back into contention, Briggs vowed to be ready for the fight stating that he was \"confident that I can go in and fight for 12 rounds and win a decision.\" After capturing the WBA and IBF titles from Michael Moorer late in 1994, George Foreman forfeited both titles but retained the lineal championship and successfully defended that crown (as well as the lowly regarded WBU heavyweight title) against then-undefeated prospects Crawford Grimsley and Lou Savarese. Following his win over Savarese, Foreman fought Briggs. The fight was controversial as Briggs ultimately picked up the victory by way of majority decision. Through the course of the fight, Foreman landed more punches and had a higher percentage of his punches land than Briggs. Foreman landed 284 of his 488 punches for a 58% success rate while Briggs landed 45% of his punches, going 223 for 494. Foreman made $5 million, whilst Briggs received a $400,000 purse. Foreman spent much of the fight as the aggressor while Briggs spent a lot of the fight retreating. In the later rounds Foreman's power punches seemed to take a toll on the younger Briggs, as he began slowing down and all but abandoned his tactic of moving away from Foreman and was hit from some heavy shots as a result. In the 12th and final round, Foreman tried hard for a knockout victory and was able to break Briggs' nose but was unable to score a knockdown. As a result, the result went to the judge's scorecards.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters.", "He lived intermittently in Montreal during the next ten years of his boxing career, but settled there after his retirement from boxing in 1934. His years of boxing in the United States allowed him to hone his skills against some of the greatest boxers of the era. Around late 1924\u201326, Foreman fought for the United States Army during a two-year hitch, eventually winning the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps Featherweight Championship. During this period, though continuing to fight professionally, he fought exclusively in the United States, boxing several matches at Fort Myers in Virginia where he was probably stationed, and the Barracks in Washington, D. C. While boxing for the Army, he amassed an impressive record of wins with a high percentage of knockouts. Foreman remained boxing in the United States roughly through 1928. On 24 January 1927, released form his Army service, Foreman faced former world junior-lightweight champion Mike Ballerino at the arena in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, impressively winning the close bout in a ten-round points decision. Foreman fought the bout at only 126, as a featherweight, against a heavier 133 pound lightweight Ballerino. Foreman used his right repeatedly on Ballerino, who with an effective defense withstood the blows of his opponent, but noticeably showed the effects of Foreman's punches in the first round. Ballerino fought cautiously until the tenth, when letting down his guard, he was again staggered by the blows of Foreman. On 9 May 1927, he lost to former Featherweight World Champion, Louis \"Kid\" Kaplan in a ten-round points decision at the Arena in Philadelphia. Foreman was decisively beaten by his skilled Jewish opponent who \"chased the Washington lad all over the ring for the entire ten rounds\". Foreman still received a number of well placed punches and had difficulty finishing the bout.", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells."], "answer": {"text": "For his first fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds.", "answer_start": 373}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did George Foreman make his second comeback?", "answer": {"text": "In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_0_q#2", "question": "WHo else did he fight?", "rewrite": "Aside from Steve Zouski WHo else did George Foreman fight?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off.", "In 1992 he became German heavyweight champion after defeating Bernd Friedrich in Kassel. 1992 and 1993 saw two fights against Henry Akinwande for the European championship. The first fight was declared a draw, but in the return match Schulz suffered his first professional defeat. On 22 April 1995 Schulz fought George Foreman for the IBF heavyweight title, losing controversially on points. This was Foreman's first fight since regaining the title from Michael Moorer, and Schulz was viewed at the time as being a weak, unknown opponent. After refusing a rematch, Foreman was stripped of his title and Schulz was given a second opportunity when he fought Francois Botha for the vacant title on 12 December 1995. Following a split decision verdict in Botha\u2019s favour, the result was changed to a no-contest when Botha failed a doping test. A third chance followed for Schulz on 22 June 1996 when he faced Michael Moorer for the still vacant title. Moorer won on points. Several fights against lower quality opposition followed. These included a stoppage victory over Kevin McBride, who eight years later would defeat a badly faded Mike Tyson. Schulz ended his career after suffering a stoppage at the hands of Wladimir Klitschko on 25 September 1999 for the vacant European championship. Schulz had been thoroughly outclassed. In the end, despite lofty expectations after the George Foreman fight, Schulz was unable to win a title at European or world level. Since the end of his career Schulz has worked in television as a summariser. In December 2005 he received an offer to fight again from Carl King, the stepson of the boxing promoter Don King. His comeback fight took place on November 25, 2006, against Brian Minto. He lost the fight in the sixth Round (T.K.O.).", "George Foreman vs. Axel Schulz George Foreman vs. Axel Schulz, billed as \"Celebration\", was a professional boxing match contest, held on April 22, 1995, for Foreman's IBF and lineal heavyweight championships, as well as the vacant WBU heavyweight championship. In his previous fight, 45-year-old George Foreman made history by becoming the oldest heavyweight champion in boxing history after scoring an upset knockout victory over Michael Moorer on November 5, 1994. In early 1995, Foreman began negotiations to make the first defense of his newly won WBA and IBF titles against German mid-level prospect Axel Schulz. However, Schulz was unranked by both organizations and Foreman needed permission from both the WBA and IBF to continue on with his defense. The IBF ultimately agreed to allow Foreman to defend the title against Schulz and raised Schulz ranking to number 9, but the WBA refused, insisting that he instead face its number one contender Tony Tucker. Nevertheless, Foreman opted to continue on with his fight against Schulz and allowed the WBA to strip him of its title. In 2000, citing extortion; boxing promoter Bob Arum voluntarily testified to having paid IBF president Bobby Lee $100,000 in two installments in 1995, as the first half of a $200,000 bribe, through \"middleman, Stanley Hoffman,\" adding that Lee had first demanded $500,000 to sanction the Schulz-Foreman fight, but had settled for the lesser amount of $200,000 (half of which was never paid). Arum was sanctioned and fined $125,000 by the Nevada State Athletic Commission", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells.", "In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38. In his autobiography, he wrote that his primary motive was to raise money to fund the youth center he had created, which had required much of the money he had earned in the initial phase of his career. Another stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson. For his first fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds. Foreman weighed 267 lb (121 kg) for the fight and looked badly out of shape. Although many thought his decision to return to the ring was a mistake, Foreman countered that he had returned to prove that age was not a barrier to people achieving their goals (as he said later, he wanted to show that age 40 is not a \"death sentence\"). He won four more bouts that year, gradually slimming down and improving his fitness. In 1988, he won nine times. Perhaps his most notable win during this period was a seventh-round knockout of former Light Heavyweight and Cruiserweight Champion Dwight Muhammad Qawi. Having always been a deliberate fighter, Foreman had not lost much mobility in the ring since his first \"retirement\", although he found it harder to keep his balance after throwing big punches and could no longer throw rapid combinations. He was still capable of landing heavy single blows, however. The late-round fatigue that had plagued him in the ring as a young man now seemed to be unexpectedly gone, and he could comfortably compete for 12 rounds. Foreman attributed this to his new, relaxed fighting style (he has spoken of how, earlier in his career, his lack of stamina came from an enormous amount of nervous tension)."], "answer": {"text": "Another stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson.", "answer_start": 324}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did George Foreman make his second comeback?", "answer": {"text": "In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first person he fought when he came back?", "answer": {"text": "For his first fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_0_q#3", "question": "When did he retire?", "rewrite": "When did George foreman retire?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman III George Edward \"Monk\" Foreman III (born January 23, 1983) is an entrepreneur, professional boxer, trainer/coach, founder of EverybodyFights and son of businessman and former two-time heavyweight champion George Foreman. As a child, Foreman watched his father train and sat ringside when his father was doing color commentary. He always loved boxing, but never got involved with the sport until his early teens. Foreman attended Fay School in Southborough, Massachusetts. He graduated from Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana, in 2001 with a high school diploma, where he played lacrosse. When he was 19, he went to the gym to do some sparring, but never went back because he did not want his father to find out. His mother, Andrea Skeete-Foreman, never thought that he would ever become a boxer because he was so calm and would never lose his temper. Foreman earned his BA from Rice University where he studied Business and Sports Management, and went on to serve as the business manager of his father's empire and executive vice president of George Foreman Enterprises, Inc.  Foreman starred on the E! network's reality series \"\". George III spent his entire youth absorbing the history and art form that is boxing and boxing training. He went on to pursue his own professional boxing career in 2009 and finished with a perfect 16-0 record. Foreman started training for boxing in July 2009, with very similar training methods to his father the \"torture chamber\", in which he dragged a Jeep as far as he could, dug holes, chopped wood and ran to the point of exhaustion. He made his professional debut stopping Clyde Weaver at 1:16 of the first round. He floored Weaver twice: first with a left to the chin, then with a left to the body, before the referee called a halt to the match.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters.", "George Foreman vs. Joe Frazier II George Foreman vs. Joe Frazier II, billed as \"Battle of the Gladiators\", was a professional boxing match contested on June 15, 1976 for the NABF heavyweight championship. On March 18, 1976, former undisputed heavyweight champions George Foreman and Joe Frazier agreed to face one another in a rematch of their 1973 heavyweight title bout. In their previous encounter, Foreman had brutalized the then-champion Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds to capture the WBA and WBC heavyweight championships. Foreman had then successfully defended the titles twice, easily defeating Jos\u00e9 Roman and Ken Norton by knockout in the first and second rounds respectively. Foreman, however, lost his titles to Muhammad Ali in \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" in October 1974, by KO in the eighth round. The following year, Frazier finally got his first chance to regain the heavyweight titles, challenging Ali in a fight dubbed the \"Thrilla in Manila\", though he lost by technical knockout in the 14th round. After his defeat at the hands of Ali, Foreman was out of boxing for over a year, sitting out all of 1975. He returned in January 1976 to defeat Ron Lyle and capture the less-regarded NABF heavyweight title before agreeing to face Frazier. Foreman hoped a victory over Frazier would propel him to a championship rematch with Ali, while Frazier, who was close to retirement, hoped to avenge the blowout loss Foreman had bestowed him with three years prior. At the start of the fight, Frazier abandoned his usual aggressive approach and utilized a more defensive style to avoid a repeat of his previous fight with Foreman. Frazier kept his distance throughout the first four rounds and even taunted Foreman by dropping his hands and daring him to land a punch. Foreman, however, took control of the action, getting Frazier against the ropes and weakening him with powerful body shots.", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells.", "George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did George Foreman make his second comeback?", "answer": {"text": "In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first person he fought when he came back?", "answer": {"text": "For his first fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHo else did he fight?", "answer": {"text": "Another stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson.", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_0_q#4", "question": "How many persons did he fight [Remember we can do more than 8 questions Ok]?", "rewrite": "How many persons did George Foreman fight [Remember we can do more than 8 questions Ok]?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters.", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells.", "George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off.", "George Foreman vs. Axel Schulz George Foreman vs. Axel Schulz, billed as \"Celebration\", was a professional boxing match contest, held on April 22, 1995, for Foreman's IBF and lineal heavyweight championships, as well as the vacant WBU heavyweight championship. In his previous fight, 45-year-old George Foreman made history by becoming the oldest heavyweight champion in boxing history after scoring an upset knockout victory over Michael Moorer on November 5, 1994. In early 1995, Foreman began negotiations to make the first defense of his newly won WBA and IBF titles against German mid-level prospect Axel Schulz. However, Schulz was unranked by both organizations and Foreman needed permission from both the WBA and IBF to continue on with his defense. The IBF ultimately agreed to allow Foreman to defend the title against Schulz and raised Schulz ranking to number 9, but the WBA refused, insisting that he instead face its number one contender Tony Tucker. Nevertheless, Foreman opted to continue on with his fight against Schulz and allowed the WBA to strip him of its title. In 2000, citing extortion; boxing promoter Bob Arum voluntarily testified to having paid IBF president Bobby Lee $100,000 in two installments in 1995, as the first half of a $200,000 bribe, through \"middleman, Stanley Hoffman,\" adding that Lee had first demanded $500,000 to sanction the Schulz-Foreman fight, but had settled for the lesser amount of $200,000 (half of which was never paid). Arum was sanctioned and fined $125,000 by the Nevada State Athletic Commission", "In 1992 he became German heavyweight champion after defeating Bernd Friedrich in Kassel. 1992 and 1993 saw two fights against Henry Akinwande for the European championship. The first fight was declared a draw, but in the return match Schulz suffered his first professional defeat. On 22 April 1995 Schulz fought George Foreman for the IBF heavyweight title, losing controversially on points. This was Foreman's first fight since regaining the title from Michael Moorer, and Schulz was viewed at the time as being a weak, unknown opponent. After refusing a rematch, Foreman was stripped of his title and Schulz was given a second opportunity when he fought Francois Botha for the vacant title on 12 December 1995. Following a split decision verdict in Botha\u2019s favour, the result was changed to a no-contest when Botha failed a doping test. A third chance followed for Schulz on 22 June 1996 when he faced Michael Moorer for the still vacant title. Moorer won on points. Several fights against lower quality opposition followed. These included a stoppage victory over Kevin McBride, who eight years later would defeat a badly faded Mike Tyson. Schulz ended his career after suffering a stoppage at the hands of Wladimir Klitschko on 25 September 1999 for the vacant European championship. Schulz had been thoroughly outclassed. In the end, despite lofty expectations after the George Foreman fight, Schulz was unable to win a title at European or world level. Since the end of his career Schulz has worked in television as a summariser. In December 2005 he received an offer to fight again from Carl King, the stepson of the boxing promoter Don King. His comeback fight took place on November 25, 2006, against Brian Minto. He lost the fight in the sixth Round (T.K.O.)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did George Foreman make his second comeback?", "answer": {"text": "In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first person he fought when he came back?", "answer": {"text": "For his first fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHo else did he fight?", "answer": {"text": "Another stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson.", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_0_q#5", "question": "Tell me something noteworthy about his second comeback?", "rewrite": "Tell me something noteworthy about George Foreman's second comeback?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells.", "George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney, billed as \"The Preacher and the Puncher\", was a professional boxing match contested on January 15, 1990. Late in 1989, 40-year-old former undisputed heavyweight champion George Foreman and 33-year-old former top ranked contender Gerry Cooney agreed to terms on a January 15, 1990 fight. Foreman was three years and 19 fights into his comeback. At that time of his fight with Cooney, Foreman had won all 19 of his comeback fights, scoring 18 knockouts and only one opponent, journeyman heavyweight Everett \"Bigfoot\" Martin had managed to go the distance with Foreman. However, Foreman's opponents had ranged from complete unknowns to career journeyman (including Martin, David Jaco and Bert Cooper) with few notable victories, with his most decorated opponent being former light heavyweight and cruiserweight world champion, as well as future hall-of-famer Dwight Muhammad Qawi, who was dwarfed by Foreman and had never fought in the heavyweight division prior to that fight. With Cooney, however, Foreman was taking on a former heavyweight title contender who held victories over former contenders and Foreman adversaries Ken Norton, Ron Lyle and Jimmy Young, whose victory over Foreman in 1977 sent him into a 10-year retirement. Cooney's most notable bout had been his 1982 IBF title fight against Larry Holmes. After three consecutive knockout victories over the aforementioned Young, Lyle and Norton, Cooney was regarded as the number one challenger to Holmes's heavyweight title and viewed as having a legit chance at ending Holmes' undefeated record and capturing the title. Cooney fought a close fight with Holmes, but he tired during the later rounds and his corner stopped the fight in the 13th round after a barrage of punches from Holmes.", "Guido Aleati (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Sergio Aleati (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Roberto Antonioli (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Angelo Arrigoni (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Vincenzo Bertolotto (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Michele Bietto, Giovanni Bonino (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Luigi Bosia, Giuseppe Cannone, Pasquale Cannone, Delio Caron, Gabriele Casalegno (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Amerio Chiara, Giorgio Cornacchia, Guido Cornarino (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Fabrizio Faglioli, Enzo Francesconi, Giuseppe Franco, Aldo Guglielminotti (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Giovanni Orecchia, Luigi Pignattaro, Franco Pipino, Giorgio Rassaval, Giorgio Rubino, Giovanni Tamagno (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Oreste Tescari and Giovanni Vigna. Casalegno was a member of the R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU) team that won the 1947 Campionati italiani.", "Guido Aleati (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Sergio Aleati (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Roberto Antonioli (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Angelo Arrigoni (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Vincenzo Bertolotto (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Michele Bietto, Giovanni Bonino (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Luigi Bosia, Giuseppe Cannone, Pasquale Cannone, Delio Caron, Gabriele Casalegno (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Amerio Chiara, Giorgio Cornacchia, Guido Cornarino (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Fabrizio Faglioli, Enzo Francesconi, Giuseppe Franco, Aldo Guglielminotti (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Giovanni Orecchia, Luigi Pignattaro, Franco Pipino, Giorgio Rassaval, Giorgio Rubino, Giovanni Tamagno (previously of R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU)), Oreste Tescari and Giovanni Vigna. Cornarino was a member of the R.S. Ginnastica Torino (RU) team that won the 1947 Campionati italiani.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters."], "answer": {"text": "By 1989, while continuing his comeback, Foreman had sold his name and face for the advertising of various products,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did George Foreman make his second comeback?", "answer": {"text": "In 1987, after 10 years away from the ring, Foreman surprised the boxing world by announcing a comeback at the age of 38.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first person he fought when he came back?", "answer": {"text": "For his first fight, he went to Sacramento, California, where he beat journeyman Steve Zouski by a knockout in four rounds.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "WHo else did he fight?", "answer": {"text": "Another stated ambition was to fight Mike Tyson.", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he retire?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many persons did he fight [Remember we can do more than 8 questions Ok]?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_00e8b9d4bde44c1eb8cf84d65f4321f3_0_q#0", "question": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "rewrite": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Born and raised in Marshall, Texas, to Alma and Yelberton Abraham Tittle Sr., Yelberton Abraham Tittle Jr. aspired to be a quarterback from a young age. He spent hours in his backyard throwing a football through a tire swing, emulating his neighbor and boyhood idol, Sammy Baugh. Tittle played high school football at Marshall High School. In his senior year the team posted an undefeated record and reached the state finals. After a recruiting battle between Louisiana State University and the University of Texas, Tittle chose to attend LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and play for the LSU Tigers. He was part of a successful 1944 recruiting class under head coach Bernie Moore that included halfbacks Jim Cason, Dan Sandifer, and Ray Coates. Freshmen were eligible to play on the varsity during World War II, so Tittle saw playing time immediately. He later said the finest moment of his four years at LSU was beating Tulane as a freshman, a game in which he set a school record with 238 passing yards. It was one of two games the Tigers won that season. Moore started Tittle at tailback in the single-wing formation his first year, but moved him to quarterback in the T formation during his sophomore season. As a junior in 1946, Tittle's three touchdown passes in a 41-27 rout of rival Tulane helped ensure LSU a spot in the Cotton Bowl Classic. Known notoriously as the \"Ice Bowl\", the 1947 Cotton Bowl pitted LSU against the Arkansas Razorbacks in sub-freezing temperatures on an ice-covered field in Dallas, Texas. LSU moved the ball much better than the Razorbacks, but neither team was able to score, and the game ended in a 0-0 tie. Tittle and Arkansas end Alton Baldwin shared the game's MVP award.", "Tittle A tittle or superscript dot is a small distinguishing mark, such as a diacritic in the form of a dot on a lowercase \" i\" or \"j\". The tittle is an integral part of the glyph of \"i\" and \"j\", but diacritic dots can appear over other letters in various languages. In most languages, the tittle of \"i\" or \"j\" is omitted when a diacritic is placed in the tittle's usual position (as \u00ed or \u0135), but not when the diacritic appears elsewhere (as \u012f, \u0249). The word \"tittle\" is rarely used. One notable occurrence is in the King James Bible at : \"For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled\" (KJV). The quotation uses them as an example of extremely minor details. The phrase \"jot and tittle\" indicates that every small detail has received attention. In the Greek original translated as English \"jot and tittle\" are found the words \"iota\" and \"keraia\" (). Iota is the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet (\u03b9); the even smaller iota subscript was a medieval introduction. Alternatively, it may represent yodh (\u05d9), the smallest letter of the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabets (to which iota is related).", "The Giants opened the scoring in the first quarter when quarterback Y. A. Tittle led New York on an 83-yard drive that was capped off by a 14-yard touchdown pass to Frank Gifford. The drive was set up by Bears quarterback Bill Wade's fumble deep in the Giants territory, which was recovered by former Bear Erich Barnes. However, later in the first period, Tittle suffered an injury to his left knee when Larry Morris hit him during his throwing motion. For the rest of the game, Tittle would never be the same. Morris then intercepted Tittle's screen pass and returned the ball 61 yards to the Giants 6-yard line. Two plays later, Wade scored a touchdown on a two-yard quarterback sneak to tie the game at 7. In the second quarter, the Giants retook the lead, 10\u20137, on a 13-yard field goal. But on New York's next drive, Tittle re-injured his left knee on another hit by Morris. With Tittle out for two possessions, the Giants struggled, only able to advance 2 yards in 7 plays. New York coach Allie Sherman even punted on third down, showing no confidence in backup Glynn Griffing. However, the score remained 10\u20137 at halftime. Tittle came back in the third period, but due to the injury, Tittle was forced to throw off his back foot. An interception on a screen pass by the Bears' Ed O'Bradovich was brought deep into Giant territory, setting up Wade's 1-yard touchdown to give Chicago a 14\u201310 lead. The score held up, and the Bears iced the game on Richie Petitbon's interception in the end zone with 10 seconds left. It was Tittle's 5th interception.", "They offered to double her salary, an offer she accepted in 1978. Tittle co-hosted alongside Tom Joyner and DJ Bebe D'Banana, and later JoJo Bell. In April 1979, Tittle was featured as \"JET\" magazine's \"Beauty of the Week\" while wearing bathing suit made out of radio station bumper stickers. Tittle later worked the 10AM to 3PM shift in early 1982. Tittle worked at WJPC until the station was sold in December 1989. Tittle then worked at WNUA-FM, a blues and smooth-jazz radio station in Joliet, Illinois, before getting full\u2013time work at Chicago's WGCI-AM in 1992. For the first few years, she worked between the FM and AM stations until automated overnight broadcasts came into play, which resulted in her being laid off in 2000. After a year's hiatus from the public, she launched \"The LaDonna Tittle TV/Radio Show\" on Chicago's CAN-TV in 2001. The show began as a platform to chat with entertainers until she decided to shift to cooking after viewing a soul food exhibit in 2003. Tittle also starred in R. Kelly's 2005 melodrama \"Trapped in the Closet\", as Rosie the nosy neighbor. Tittle has received many Awards and Recognitions for her public community service, mentoring, educational self-esteem activities, and Culinary contributions. Tittle is \"radio-act-tive\"... Tittle was married once and had no children. Her only marriage was to Ronald Horton, a Vietnam army volunteer from 1967 until his death in 1973. Tittle dated John E. Johnson of the Johnson hair-care product family from the late\u20131970s until his death in 1981.", "LaDonna Tittle LaDonna Marie Tittle (born March 13, 1946 or 1949) is an American radio personality, actress and former model. Tittle is perhaps best known for her radio career from the mid\u20131970s until the early\u20132000s. Tittle most notable career stints were in Chicago at several stations; WBMX-FM from 1973 to 1978, WJPC-AM alongside Tom Joyner from 1978 until 1989 and WGCI-AM (1992\u20132000). Tittle has appeared as Ethel Brown (simply known as Ms. Ethel), Ronnie's grandmother in the Showtime television series \"The Chi\" since the series debut in January 2018. Tittle was born the oldest of five children to Juanita, a record shop owner, and businessman James O. Tittle in Chicago, Illinois. Tittle grew up in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side. For high school, Tittle attended Dunbar Vocational High School; later graduating in 1964 or 1967. After high school, Tittle then studied art education and drama with a minor in journalism at Chicago State University, graduating in 1971. Tittle began her career in radio at Chicago's WBEE station in 1970. After two years at WBEE, Tittle moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where she worked as a weekend radio personality at WNOV radio in 1972. Tittle worked at the radio station for a year, later returning to Chicago in 1973. Shortly after returning to Chicago, Tittle became the midday and evening host of WBMX-FM radio, where R&B and soul music were showcased. She started her career at the station reporting news and working overnight, eventually moving to weekday afternoons a year later. Due to her growing popularity, Tittle was sought after by Johnson Publishing Company's WJPC radio station."], "answer": {"text": "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_00e8b9d4bde44c1eb8cf84d65f4321f3_0_q#1", "question": "Did he choose that style of play or did it come to him naturally?", "rewrite": "Did Y. A. Tittle choose that style of play or did throwing sidearm come to him naturally?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Giants opened the scoring in the first quarter when quarterback Y. A. Tittle led New York on an 83-yard drive that was capped off by a 14-yard touchdown pass to Frank Gifford. The drive was set up by Bears quarterback Bill Wade's fumble deep in the Giants territory, which was recovered by former Bear Erich Barnes. However, later in the first period, Tittle suffered an injury to his left knee when Larry Morris hit him during his throwing motion. For the rest of the game, Tittle would never be the same. Morris then intercepted Tittle's screen pass and returned the ball 61 yards to the Giants 6-yard line. Two plays later, Wade scored a touchdown on a two-yard quarterback sneak to tie the game at 7. In the second quarter, the Giants retook the lead, 10\u20137, on a 13-yard field goal. But on New York's next drive, Tittle re-injured his left knee on another hit by Morris. With Tittle out for two possessions, the Giants struggled, only able to advance 2 yards in 7 plays. New York coach Allie Sherman even punted on third down, showing no confidence in backup Glynn Griffing. However, the score remained 10\u20137 at halftime. Tittle came back in the third period, but due to the injury, Tittle was forced to throw off his back foot. An interception on a screen pass by the Bears' Ed O'Bradovich was brought deep into Giant territory, setting up Wade's 1-yard touchdown to give Chicago a 14\u201310 lead. The score held up, and the Bears iced the game on Richie Petitbon's interception in the end zone with 10 seconds left. It was Tittle's 5th interception.", "They offered to double her salary, an offer she accepted in 1978. Tittle co-hosted alongside Tom Joyner and DJ Bebe D'Banana, and later JoJo Bell. In April 1979, Tittle was featured as \"JET\" magazine's \"Beauty of the Week\" while wearing bathing suit made out of radio station bumper stickers. Tittle later worked the 10AM to 3PM shift in early 1982. Tittle worked at WJPC until the station was sold in December 1989. Tittle then worked at WNUA-FM, a blues and smooth-jazz radio station in Joliet, Illinois, before getting full\u2013time work at Chicago's WGCI-AM in 1992. For the first few years, she worked between the FM and AM stations until automated overnight broadcasts came into play, which resulted in her being laid off in 2000. After a year's hiatus from the public, she launched \"The LaDonna Tittle TV/Radio Show\" on Chicago's CAN-TV in 2001. The show began as a platform to chat with entertainers until she decided to shift to cooking after viewing a soul food exhibit in 2003. Tittle also starred in R. Kelly's 2005 melodrama \"Trapped in the Closet\", as Rosie the nosy neighbor. Tittle has received many Awards and Recognitions for her public community service, mentoring, educational self-esteem activities, and Culinary contributions. Tittle is \"radio-act-tive\"... Tittle was married once and had no children. Her only marriage was to Ronald Horton, a Vietnam army volunteer from 1967 until his death in 1973. Tittle dated John E. Johnson of the Johnson hair-care product family from the late\u20131970s until his death in 1981.", "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position, something novel at those times, though it was common practice in earlier decades. It was this seemingly underhand style that drew the curiosity and admiration of many fans. In tandem with his baldness--for which he was frequently referred to as the \"Bald Eagle\"--he made for a very striking personality. Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release. It was because of his quick release and ability to read defenses that he became one of the best screen passers in the NFL. He was a perfectionist and highly competitive, and he expected the same of his teammates. He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years. \"Tittle has the attitude of a high school kid, with the brain of a computer,\" said Giants teammate Frank Gifford. Baltimore Colts halfback Lenny Moore, when asked in 1963 to compare Tittle and Colts quarterback Johnny Unitas, said:  I played with Tittle in the Pro Bowl two years ago, and I discovered he's quite a guy ... He and John, however, are entirely different types ... Tittle is a sort of 'con man' with his players ... he comes into a huddle and 'suggests' that maybe this or that will work on account of something he saw happen on a previous play ... The way he puts it, you're convinced it's a good idea and maybe it will work. John, now, he's a take-charge guy ... He tells you what the other guy's going to do, what he's going to do, and what he wants you to do. Tittle's most productive years came when he was well beyond his athletic prime.", "L\u00f3pez's distinctive sidearm delivery makes him appealing as a left-handed specialist; through the 2013 season, lefties have hit only .209 against him, while righties have hit .297. After L\u00f3pez struggled to begin his professional career, throwing over the top, he decided he needed to change his style. In the Diamondbacks' system in 2002, with the help of Mike Myers, he began throwing sidearm (or submarine), which Andy Baggarly called \"a decision that changed his life.\" L\u00f3pez is married to Ren\u00e9e Richards, with whom he attended high school and college. The couple has two children: Kylan (March 19, 2010) and Christian (October 26, 2012). Because L\u00f3pez was in the 2012 World Series when Christian was born, he had to fly back home for the birth between Games 2 and 3. He and his family reside in Georgia. L\u00f3pez is a Christian. He says, \"I do everything through faith, for sure.\"", "LaDonna Tittle LaDonna Marie Tittle (born March 13, 1946 or 1949) is an American radio personality, actress and former model. Tittle is perhaps best known for her radio career from the mid\u20131970s until the early\u20132000s. Tittle most notable career stints were in Chicago at several stations; WBMX-FM from 1973 to 1978, WJPC-AM alongside Tom Joyner from 1978 until 1989 and WGCI-AM (1992\u20132000). Tittle has appeared as Ethel Brown (simply known as Ms. Ethel), Ronnie's grandmother in the Showtime television series \"The Chi\" since the series debut in January 2018. Tittle was born the oldest of five children to Juanita, a record shop owner, and businessman James O. Tittle in Chicago, Illinois. Tittle grew up in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side. For high school, Tittle attended Dunbar Vocational High School; later graduating in 1964 or 1967. After high school, Tittle then studied art education and drama with a minor in journalism at Chicago State University, graduating in 1971. Tittle began her career in radio at Chicago's WBEE station in 1970. After two years at WBEE, Tittle moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where she worked as a weekend radio personality at WNOV radio in 1972. Tittle worked at the radio station for a year, later returning to Chicago in 1973. Shortly after returning to Chicago, Tittle became the midday and evening host of WBMX-FM radio, where R&B and soul music were showcased. She started her career at the station reporting news and working overnight, eventually moving to weekday afternoons a year later. Due to her growing popularity, Tittle was sought after by Johnson Publishing Company's WJPC radio station."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_00e8b9d4bde44c1eb8cf84d65f4321f3_0_q#2", "question": "Was his play style effective at first or did he have to work at it?", "rewrite": "Was Y. A. Tittle's play style effective at first or did have to work at throwing sidearm?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Giants opened the scoring in the first quarter when quarterback Y. A. Tittle led New York on an 83-yard drive that was capped off by a 14-yard touchdown pass to Frank Gifford. The drive was set up by Bears quarterback Bill Wade's fumble deep in the Giants territory, which was recovered by former Bear Erich Barnes. However, later in the first period, Tittle suffered an injury to his left knee when Larry Morris hit him during his throwing motion. For the rest of the game, Tittle would never be the same. Morris then intercepted Tittle's screen pass and returned the ball 61 yards to the Giants 6-yard line. Two plays later, Wade scored a touchdown on a two-yard quarterback sneak to tie the game at 7. In the second quarter, the Giants retook the lead, 10\u20137, on a 13-yard field goal. But on New York's next drive, Tittle re-injured his left knee on another hit by Morris. With Tittle out for two possessions, the Giants struggled, only able to advance 2 yards in 7 plays. New York coach Allie Sherman even punted on third down, showing no confidence in backup Glynn Griffing. However, the score remained 10\u20137 at halftime. Tittle came back in the third period, but due to the injury, Tittle was forced to throw off his back foot. An interception on a screen pass by the Bears' Ed O'Bradovich was brought deep into Giant territory, setting up Wade's 1-yard touchdown to give Chicago a 14\u201310 lead. The score held up, and the Bears iced the game on Richie Petitbon's interception in the end zone with 10 seconds left. It was Tittle's 5th interception.", "LaDonna Tittle LaDonna Marie Tittle (born March 13, 1946 or 1949) is an American radio personality, actress and former model. Tittle is perhaps best known for her radio career from the mid\u20131970s until the early\u20132000s. Tittle most notable career stints were in Chicago at several stations; WBMX-FM from 1973 to 1978, WJPC-AM alongside Tom Joyner from 1978 until 1989 and WGCI-AM (1992\u20132000). Tittle has appeared as Ethel Brown (simply known as Ms. Ethel), Ronnie's grandmother in the Showtime television series \"The Chi\" since the series debut in January 2018. Tittle was born the oldest of five children to Juanita, a record shop owner, and businessman James O. Tittle in Chicago, Illinois. Tittle grew up in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side. For high school, Tittle attended Dunbar Vocational High School; later graduating in 1964 or 1967. After high school, Tittle then studied art education and drama with a minor in journalism at Chicago State University, graduating in 1971. Tittle began her career in radio at Chicago's WBEE station in 1970. After two years at WBEE, Tittle moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where she worked as a weekend radio personality at WNOV radio in 1972. Tittle worked at the radio station for a year, later returning to Chicago in 1973. Shortly after returning to Chicago, Tittle became the midday and evening host of WBMX-FM radio, where R&B and soul music were showcased. She started her career at the station reporting news and working overnight, eventually moving to weekday afternoons a year later. Due to her growing popularity, Tittle was sought after by Johnson Publishing Company's WJPC radio station.", "They offered to double her salary, an offer she accepted in 1978. Tittle co-hosted alongside Tom Joyner and DJ Bebe D'Banana, and later JoJo Bell. In April 1979, Tittle was featured as \"JET\" magazine's \"Beauty of the Week\" while wearing bathing suit made out of radio station bumper stickers. Tittle later worked the 10AM to 3PM shift in early 1982. Tittle worked at WJPC until the station was sold in December 1989. Tittle then worked at WNUA-FM, a blues and smooth-jazz radio station in Joliet, Illinois, before getting full\u2013time work at Chicago's WGCI-AM in 1992. For the first few years, she worked between the FM and AM stations until automated overnight broadcasts came into play, which resulted in her being laid off in 2000. After a year's hiatus from the public, she launched \"The LaDonna Tittle TV/Radio Show\" on Chicago's CAN-TV in 2001. The show began as a platform to chat with entertainers until she decided to shift to cooking after viewing a soul food exhibit in 2003. Tittle also starred in R. Kelly's 2005 melodrama \"Trapped in the Closet\", as Rosie the nosy neighbor. Tittle has received many Awards and Recognitions for her public community service, mentoring, educational self-esteem activities, and Culinary contributions. Tittle is \"radio-act-tive\"... Tittle was married once and had no children. Her only marriage was to Ronald Horton, a Vietnam army volunteer from 1967 until his death in 1973. Tittle dated John E. Johnson of the Johnson hair-care product family from the late\u20131970s until his death in 1981.", "Th\u00f6ren  Th\u00f6ren is a village on the southern edge of the L\u00fcneburg Heath in the north German state of Lower Saxony. It is located in the Aller-Leine Valley and belongs to the borough of Winsen (Aller). In 1662 a school was established in Th\u00f6ren, In 1667, according to a preserved \"Amt\" register it had 4 farmsteads (\"Vollh\u00f6fe\"), 2 smallholdings (\"Halbh\u00f6fe\"), 7 farmers (\"Bauern\"), 2 cottagers (\"K\u00f6tner\") and a \"tithe barn\". In 1900 there were 161 inhabitants in the village and in 1921 Th\u00f6ren had 174. By 1946 the population had grown to 445 and today there are about 670. In 1966 the schoold was closed; after a time it was converted, together with the teacher's residence, into the Brase Inn, after the neighbouring inn of Voigt (formerly the post office) had been closed previously. In 1972 Th\u00f6ren was incorporated into Winsen (Aller). Th\u00f6ren's \"Sch\u00fctzenverein\" was founded in 1909 and its volunteer fire service in 1934. In 1975 the local interest group was formed. There is also a football club, hunting fraternity, bowling club and a riding and driving club.", "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position, something novel at those times, though it was common practice in earlier decades. It was this seemingly underhand style that drew the curiosity and admiration of many fans. In tandem with his baldness--for which he was frequently referred to as the \"Bald Eagle\"--he made for a very striking personality. Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release. It was because of his quick release and ability to read defenses that he became one of the best screen passers in the NFL. He was a perfectionist and highly competitive, and he expected the same of his teammates. He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years. \"Tittle has the attitude of a high school kid, with the brain of a computer,\" said Giants teammate Frank Gifford. Baltimore Colts halfback Lenny Moore, when asked in 1963 to compare Tittle and Colts quarterback Johnny Unitas, said:  I played with Tittle in the Pro Bowl two years ago, and I discovered he's quite a guy ... He and John, however, are entirely different types ... Tittle is a sort of 'con man' with his players ... he comes into a huddle and 'suggests' that maybe this or that will work on account of something he saw happen on a previous play ... The way he puts it, you're convinced it's a good idea and maybe it will work. John, now, he's a take-charge guy ... He tells you what the other guy's going to do, what he's going to do, and what he wants you to do. Tittle's most productive years came when he was well beyond his athletic prime."], "answer": {"text": "Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release.", "answer_start": 369}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he choose that style of play or did it come to him naturally?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_00e8b9d4bde44c1eb8cf84d65f4321f3_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Y. A. Tittle throwing sidearm, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["LaDonna Tittle LaDonna Marie Tittle (born March 13, 1946 or 1949) is an American radio personality, actress and former model. Tittle is perhaps best known for her radio career from the mid\u20131970s until the early\u20132000s. Tittle most notable career stints were in Chicago at several stations; WBMX-FM from 1973 to 1978, WJPC-AM alongside Tom Joyner from 1978 until 1989 and WGCI-AM (1992\u20132000). Tittle has appeared as Ethel Brown (simply known as Ms. Ethel), Ronnie's grandmother in the Showtime television series \"The Chi\" since the series debut in January 2018. Tittle was born the oldest of five children to Juanita, a record shop owner, and businessman James O. Tittle in Chicago, Illinois. Tittle grew up in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side. For high school, Tittle attended Dunbar Vocational High School; later graduating in 1964 or 1967. After high school, Tittle then studied art education and drama with a minor in journalism at Chicago State University, graduating in 1971. Tittle began her career in radio at Chicago's WBEE station in 1970. After two years at WBEE, Tittle moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where she worked as a weekend radio personality at WNOV radio in 1972. Tittle worked at the radio station for a year, later returning to Chicago in 1973. Shortly after returning to Chicago, Tittle became the midday and evening host of WBMX-FM radio, where R&B and soul music were showcased. She started her career at the station reporting news and working overnight, eventually moving to weekday afternoons a year later. Due to her growing popularity, Tittle was sought after by Johnson Publishing Company's WJPC radio station.", "The Giants opened the scoring in the first quarter when quarterback Y. A. Tittle led New York on an 83-yard drive that was capped off by a 14-yard touchdown pass to Frank Gifford. The drive was set up by Bears quarterback Bill Wade's fumble deep in the Giants territory, which was recovered by former Bear Erich Barnes. However, later in the first period, Tittle suffered an injury to his left knee when Larry Morris hit him during his throwing motion. For the rest of the game, Tittle would never be the same. Morris then intercepted Tittle's screen pass and returned the ball 61 yards to the Giants 6-yard line. Two plays later, Wade scored a touchdown on a two-yard quarterback sneak to tie the game at 7. In the second quarter, the Giants retook the lead, 10\u20137, on a 13-yard field goal. But on New York's next drive, Tittle re-injured his left knee on another hit by Morris. With Tittle out for two possessions, the Giants struggled, only able to advance 2 yards in 7 plays. New York coach Allie Sherman even punted on third down, showing no confidence in backup Glynn Griffing. However, the score remained 10\u20137 at halftime. Tittle came back in the third period, but due to the injury, Tittle was forced to throw off his back foot. An interception on a screen pass by the Bears' Ed O'Bradovich was brought deep into Giant territory, setting up Wade's 1-yard touchdown to give Chicago a 14\u201310 lead. The score held up, and the Bears iced the game on Richie Petitbon's interception in the end zone with 10 seconds left. It was Tittle's 5th interception.", "They offered to double her salary, an offer she accepted in 1978. Tittle co-hosted alongside Tom Joyner and DJ Bebe D'Banana, and later JoJo Bell. In April 1979, Tittle was featured as \"JET\" magazine's \"Beauty of the Week\" while wearing bathing suit made out of radio station bumper stickers. Tittle later worked the 10AM to 3PM shift in early 1982. Tittle worked at WJPC until the station was sold in December 1989. Tittle then worked at WNUA-FM, a blues and smooth-jazz radio station in Joliet, Illinois, before getting full\u2013time work at Chicago's WGCI-AM in 1992. For the first few years, she worked between the FM and AM stations until automated overnight broadcasts came into play, which resulted in her being laid off in 2000. After a year's hiatus from the public, she launched \"The LaDonna Tittle TV/Radio Show\" on Chicago's CAN-TV in 2001. The show began as a platform to chat with entertainers until she decided to shift to cooking after viewing a soul food exhibit in 2003. Tittle also starred in R. Kelly's 2005 melodrama \"Trapped in the Closet\", as Rosie the nosy neighbor. Tittle has received many Awards and Recognitions for her public community service, mentoring, educational self-esteem activities, and Culinary contributions. Tittle is \"radio-act-tive\"... Tittle was married once and had no children. Her only marriage was to Ronald Horton, a Vietnam army volunteer from 1967 until his death in 1973. Tittle dated John E. Johnson of the Johnson hair-care product family from the late\u20131970s until his death in 1981.", "L\u00f3pez's distinctive sidearm delivery makes him appealing as a left-handed specialist; through the 2013 season, lefties have hit only .209 against him, while righties have hit .297. After L\u00f3pez struggled to begin his professional career, throwing over the top, he decided he needed to change his style. In the Diamondbacks' system in 2002, with the help of Mike Myers, he began throwing sidearm (or submarine), which Andy Baggarly called \"a decision that changed his life.\" L\u00f3pez is married to Ren\u00e9e Richards, with whom he attended high school and college. The couple has two children: Kylan (March 19, 2010) and Christian (October 26, 2012). Because L\u00f3pez was in the 2012 World Series when Christian was born, he had to fly back home for the birth between Games 2 and 3. He and his family reside in Georgia. L\u00f3pez is a Christian. He says, \"I do everything through faith, for sure.\"", "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position, something novel at those times, though it was common practice in earlier decades. It was this seemingly underhand style that drew the curiosity and admiration of many fans. In tandem with his baldness--for which he was frequently referred to as the \"Bald Eagle\"--he made for a very striking personality. Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release. It was because of his quick release and ability to read defenses that he became one of the best screen passers in the NFL. He was a perfectionist and highly competitive, and he expected the same of his teammates. He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years. \"Tittle has the attitude of a high school kid, with the brain of a computer,\" said Giants teammate Frank Gifford. Baltimore Colts halfback Lenny Moore, when asked in 1963 to compare Tittle and Colts quarterback Johnny Unitas, said:  I played with Tittle in the Pro Bowl two years ago, and I discovered he's quite a guy ... He and John, however, are entirely different types ... Tittle is a sort of 'con man' with his players ... he comes into a huddle and 'suggests' that maybe this or that will work on account of something he saw happen on a previous play ... The way he puts it, you're convinced it's a good idea and maybe it will work. John, now, he's a take-charge guy ... He tells you what the other guy's going to do, what he's going to do, and what he wants you to do. Tittle's most productive years came when he was well beyond his athletic prime."], "answer": {"text": "He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years.", "answer_start": 671}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he choose that style of play or did it come to him naturally?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his play style effective at first or did he have to work at it?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release.", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_00e8b9d4bde44c1eb8cf84d65f4321f3_0_q#4", "question": "Did he coach at all with that talent?", "rewrite": "Did Y. A. Tittle coach at all with that throwing talent?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Born and raised in Marshall, Texas, to Alma and Yelberton Abraham Tittle Sr., Yelberton Abraham Tittle Jr. aspired to be a quarterback from a young age. He spent hours in his backyard throwing a football through a tire swing, emulating his neighbor and boyhood idol, Sammy Baugh. Tittle played high school football at Marshall High School. In his senior year the team posted an undefeated record and reached the state finals. After a recruiting battle between Louisiana State University and the University of Texas, Tittle chose to attend LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and play for the LSU Tigers. He was part of a successful 1944 recruiting class under head coach Bernie Moore that included halfbacks Jim Cason, Dan Sandifer, and Ray Coates. Freshmen were eligible to play on the varsity during World War II, so Tittle saw playing time immediately. He later said the finest moment of his four years at LSU was beating Tulane as a freshman, a game in which he set a school record with 238 passing yards. It was one of two games the Tigers won that season. Moore started Tittle at tailback in the single-wing formation his first year, but moved him to quarterback in the T formation during his sophomore season. As a junior in 1946, Tittle's three touchdown passes in a 41-27 rout of rival Tulane helped ensure LSU a spot in the Cotton Bowl Classic. Known notoriously as the \"Ice Bowl\", the 1947 Cotton Bowl pitted LSU against the Arkansas Razorbacks in sub-freezing temperatures on an ice-covered field in Dallas, Texas. LSU moved the ball much better than the Razorbacks, but neither team was able to score, and the game ended in a 0-0 tie. Tittle and Arkansas end Alton Baldwin shared the game's MVP award.", "They offered to double her salary, an offer she accepted in 1978. Tittle co-hosted alongside Tom Joyner and DJ Bebe D'Banana, and later JoJo Bell. In April 1979, Tittle was featured as \"JET\" magazine's \"Beauty of the Week\" while wearing bathing suit made out of radio station bumper stickers. Tittle later worked the 10AM to 3PM shift in early 1982. Tittle worked at WJPC until the station was sold in December 1989. Tittle then worked at WNUA-FM, a blues and smooth-jazz radio station in Joliet, Illinois, before getting full\u2013time work at Chicago's WGCI-AM in 1992. For the first few years, she worked between the FM and AM stations until automated overnight broadcasts came into play, which resulted in her being laid off in 2000. After a year's hiatus from the public, she launched \"The LaDonna Tittle TV/Radio Show\" on Chicago's CAN-TV in 2001. The show began as a platform to chat with entertainers until she decided to shift to cooking after viewing a soul food exhibit in 2003. Tittle also starred in R. Kelly's 2005 melodrama \"Trapped in the Closet\", as Rosie the nosy neighbor. Tittle has received many Awards and Recognitions for her public community service, mentoring, educational self-esteem activities, and Culinary contributions. Tittle is \"radio-act-tive\"... Tittle was married once and had no children. Her only marriage was to Ronald Horton, a Vietnam army volunteer from 1967 until his death in 1973. Tittle dated John E. Johnson of the Johnson hair-care product family from the late\u20131970s until his death in 1981.", "California Alpine Club The California Alpine Club (CAC) is an all-volunteer, outdoors-oriented social group centered in the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento areas that organizes hiking, skiing, member dinners, and wilderness trips. Club members also manage the California Alpine Club Foundation, which gives grants to California-based wilderness preservation, conservation, outdoor recreation, and education projects. CAC owns and runs two rustic lodges for members and their guests, the Alpine Lodge on Mt. Tamalpais in Marin County, CA, just north of San Francisco, and the Echo Summit Lodge in Echo Lake, CA, on the south rim of the Lake Tahoe basin. Both lodges are ADA compliant, have kitchens, private bedrooms, and dormitories available to members for private accommodations, weddings, business meetings, and family reunions. Alpine Lodge is open every Sunday, offering Club member-led hikes in the morning, and hospitality and refreshments for the general public, members and prospective new members from 9am-3pm, hosted by our Sunday Innkeepers. Echo Summit is a large mountain lodge in the Sierra Nevada ( elevation 7,365 feet) commanding a superb view of Lake Tahoe and surrounding mountains, on the Pacific Crest Trail. Almost 64,000 acres of rugged granite peaks and the alpine lakes of Desolation Wilderness Area are within easy walking distance, and Echo Lake\u2014a mile from the lodge\u2014is a delightful place for swimming, fishing, and boating. In winter, the area excels for alpine skiing and cross-country ski touring, as well as sledding, snowshoeing and other backcountry snow sports. Nearby well-known ski areas include Heavenly Valley, Sierra at Tahoe, and Kirkwood.", "The Giants opened the scoring in the first quarter when quarterback Y. A. Tittle led New York on an 83-yard drive that was capped off by a 14-yard touchdown pass to Frank Gifford. The drive was set up by Bears quarterback Bill Wade's fumble deep in the Giants territory, which was recovered by former Bear Erich Barnes. However, later in the first period, Tittle suffered an injury to his left knee when Larry Morris hit him during his throwing motion. For the rest of the game, Tittle would never be the same. Morris then intercepted Tittle's screen pass and returned the ball 61 yards to the Giants 6-yard line. Two plays later, Wade scored a touchdown on a two-yard quarterback sneak to tie the game at 7. In the second quarter, the Giants retook the lead, 10\u20137, on a 13-yard field goal. But on New York's next drive, Tittle re-injured his left knee on another hit by Morris. With Tittle out for two possessions, the Giants struggled, only able to advance 2 yards in 7 plays. New York coach Allie Sherman even punted on third down, showing no confidence in backup Glynn Griffing. However, the score remained 10\u20137 at halftime. Tittle came back in the third period, but due to the injury, Tittle was forced to throw off his back foot. An interception on a screen pass by the Bears' Ed O'Bradovich was brought deep into Giant territory, setting up Wade's 1-yard touchdown to give Chicago a 14\u201310 lead. The score held up, and the Bears iced the game on Richie Petitbon's interception in the end zone with 10 seconds left. It was Tittle's 5th interception.", "LaDonna Tittle LaDonna Marie Tittle (born March 13, 1946 or 1949) is an American radio personality, actress and former model. Tittle is perhaps best known for her radio career from the mid\u20131970s until the early\u20132000s. Tittle most notable career stints were in Chicago at several stations; WBMX-FM from 1973 to 1978, WJPC-AM alongside Tom Joyner from 1978 until 1989 and WGCI-AM (1992\u20132000). Tittle has appeared as Ethel Brown (simply known as Ms. Ethel), Ronnie's grandmother in the Showtime television series \"The Chi\" since the series debut in January 2018. Tittle was born the oldest of five children to Juanita, a record shop owner, and businessman James O. Tittle in Chicago, Illinois. Tittle grew up in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side. For high school, Tittle attended Dunbar Vocational High School; later graduating in 1964 or 1967. After high school, Tittle then studied art education and drama with a minor in journalism at Chicago State University, graduating in 1971. Tittle began her career in radio at Chicago's WBEE station in 1970. After two years at WBEE, Tittle moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where she worked as a weekend radio personality at WNOV radio in 1972. Tittle worked at the radio station for a year, later returning to Chicago in 1973. Shortly after returning to Chicago, Tittle became the midday and evening host of WBMX-FM radio, where R&B and soul music were showcased. She started her career at the station reporting news and working overnight, eventually moving to weekday afternoons a year later. Due to her growing popularity, Tittle was sought after by Johnson Publishing Company's WJPC radio station."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he choose that style of play or did it come to him naturally?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his play style effective at first or did he have to work at it?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release.", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years.", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_00e8b9d4bde44c1eb8cf84d65f4321f3_0_q#5", "question": "What was notable about his profile?", "rewrite": "What was notable about Y. A. Tittle's profile?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["LaDonna Tittle LaDonna Marie Tittle (born March 13, 1946 or 1949) is an American radio personality, actress and former model. Tittle is perhaps best known for her radio career from the mid\u20131970s until the early\u20132000s. Tittle most notable career stints were in Chicago at several stations; WBMX-FM from 1973 to 1978, WJPC-AM alongside Tom Joyner from 1978 until 1989 and WGCI-AM (1992\u20132000). Tittle has appeared as Ethel Brown (simply known as Ms. Ethel), Ronnie's grandmother in the Showtime television series \"The Chi\" since the series debut in January 2018. Tittle was born the oldest of five children to Juanita, a record shop owner, and businessman James O. Tittle in Chicago, Illinois. Tittle grew up in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side. For high school, Tittle attended Dunbar Vocational High School; later graduating in 1964 or 1967. After high school, Tittle then studied art education and drama with a minor in journalism at Chicago State University, graduating in 1971. Tittle began her career in radio at Chicago's WBEE station in 1970. After two years at WBEE, Tittle moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where she worked as a weekend radio personality at WNOV radio in 1972. Tittle worked at the radio station for a year, later returning to Chicago in 1973. Shortly after returning to Chicago, Tittle became the midday and evening host of WBMX-FM radio, where R&B and soul music were showcased. She started her career at the station reporting news and working overnight, eventually moving to weekday afternoons a year later. Due to her growing popularity, Tittle was sought after by Johnson Publishing Company's WJPC radio station.", "They offered to double her salary, an offer she accepted in 1978. Tittle co-hosted alongside Tom Joyner and DJ Bebe D'Banana, and later JoJo Bell. In April 1979, Tittle was featured as \"JET\" magazine's \"Beauty of the Week\" while wearing bathing suit made out of radio station bumper stickers. Tittle later worked the 10AM to 3PM shift in early 1982. Tittle worked at WJPC until the station was sold in December 1989. Tittle then worked at WNUA-FM, a blues and smooth-jazz radio station in Joliet, Illinois, before getting full\u2013time work at Chicago's WGCI-AM in 1992. For the first few years, she worked between the FM and AM stations until automated overnight broadcasts came into play, which resulted in her being laid off in 2000. After a year's hiatus from the public, she launched \"The LaDonna Tittle TV/Radio Show\" on Chicago's CAN-TV in 2001. The show began as a platform to chat with entertainers until she decided to shift to cooking after viewing a soul food exhibit in 2003. Tittle also starred in R. Kelly's 2005 melodrama \"Trapped in the Closet\", as Rosie the nosy neighbor. Tittle has received many Awards and Recognitions for her public community service, mentoring, educational self-esteem activities, and Culinary contributions. Tittle is \"radio-act-tive\"... Tittle was married once and had no children. Her only marriage was to Ronald Horton, a Vietnam army volunteer from 1967 until his death in 1973. Tittle dated John E. Johnson of the Johnson hair-care product family from the late\u20131970s until his death in 1981.", "The Giants opened the scoring in the first quarter when quarterback Y. A. Tittle led New York on an 83-yard drive that was capped off by a 14-yard touchdown pass to Frank Gifford. The drive was set up by Bears quarterback Bill Wade's fumble deep in the Giants territory, which was recovered by former Bear Erich Barnes. However, later in the first period, Tittle suffered an injury to his left knee when Larry Morris hit him during his throwing motion. For the rest of the game, Tittle would never be the same. Morris then intercepted Tittle's screen pass and returned the ball 61 yards to the Giants 6-yard line. Two plays later, Wade scored a touchdown on a two-yard quarterback sneak to tie the game at 7. In the second quarter, the Giants retook the lead, 10\u20137, on a 13-yard field goal. But on New York's next drive, Tittle re-injured his left knee on another hit by Morris. With Tittle out for two possessions, the Giants struggled, only able to advance 2 yards in 7 plays. New York coach Allie Sherman even punted on third down, showing no confidence in backup Glynn Griffing. However, the score remained 10\u20137 at halftime. Tittle came back in the third period, but due to the injury, Tittle was forced to throw off his back foot. An interception on a screen pass by the Bears' Ed O'Bradovich was brought deep into Giant territory, setting up Wade's 1-yard touchdown to give Chicago a 14\u201310 lead. The score held up, and the Bears iced the game on Richie Petitbon's interception in the end zone with 10 seconds left. It was Tittle's 5th interception.", "Tittle A tittle or superscript dot is a small distinguishing mark, such as a diacritic in the form of a dot on a lowercase \" i\" or \"j\". The tittle is an integral part of the glyph of \"i\" and \"j\", but diacritic dots can appear over other letters in various languages. In most languages, the tittle of \"i\" or \"j\" is omitted when a diacritic is placed in the tittle's usual position (as \u00ed or \u0135), but not when the diacritic appears elsewhere (as \u012f, \u0249). The word \"tittle\" is rarely used. One notable occurrence is in the King James Bible at : \"For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled\" (KJV). The quotation uses them as an example of extremely minor details. The phrase \"jot and tittle\" indicates that every small detail has received attention. In the Greek original translated as English \"jot and tittle\" are found the words \"iota\" and \"keraia\" (). Iota is the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet (\u03b9); the even smaller iota subscript was a medieval introduction. Alternatively, it may represent yodh (\u05d9), the smallest letter of the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabets (to which iota is related).", "Born and raised in Marshall, Texas, to Alma and Yelberton Abraham Tittle Sr., Yelberton Abraham Tittle Jr. aspired to be a quarterback from a young age. He spent hours in his backyard throwing a football through a tire swing, emulating his neighbor and boyhood idol, Sammy Baugh. Tittle played high school football at Marshall High School. In his senior year the team posted an undefeated record and reached the state finals. After a recruiting battle between Louisiana State University and the University of Texas, Tittle chose to attend LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and play for the LSU Tigers. He was part of a successful 1944 recruiting class under head coach Bernie Moore that included halfbacks Jim Cason, Dan Sandifer, and Ray Coates. Freshmen were eligible to play on the varsity during World War II, so Tittle saw playing time immediately. He later said the finest moment of his four years at LSU was beating Tulane as a freshman, a game in which he set a school record with 238 passing yards. It was one of two games the Tigers won that season. Moore started Tittle at tailback in the single-wing formation his first year, but moved him to quarterback in the T formation during his sophomore season. As a junior in 1946, Tittle's three touchdown passes in a 41-27 rout of rival Tulane helped ensure LSU a spot in the Cotton Bowl Classic. Known notoriously as the \"Ice Bowl\", the 1947 Cotton Bowl pitted LSU against the Arkansas Razorbacks in sub-freezing temperatures on an ice-covered field in Dallas, Texas. LSU moved the ball much better than the Razorbacks, but neither team was able to score, and the game ended in a 0-0 tie. Tittle and Arkansas end Alton Baldwin shared the game's MVP award."], "answer": {"text": "It was because of his quick release and ability to read defenses that he became one of the best screen passers in the NFL.", "answer_start": 458}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he choose that style of play or did it come to him naturally?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his play style effective at first or did he have to work at it?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release.", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years.", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach at all with that talent?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_00e8b9d4bde44c1eb8cf84d65f4321f3_0_q#6", "question": "Did he receive any recognition for his play style?", "rewrite": "Did Y. A. Tittle receive any recognition for his play style?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tittle A tittle or superscript dot is a small distinguishing mark, such as a diacritic in the form of a dot on a lowercase \" i\" or \"j\". The tittle is an integral part of the glyph of \"i\" and \"j\", but diacritic dots can appear over other letters in various languages. In most languages, the tittle of \"i\" or \"j\" is omitted when a diacritic is placed in the tittle's usual position (as \u00ed or \u0135), but not when the diacritic appears elsewhere (as \u012f, \u0249). The word \"tittle\" is rarely used. One notable occurrence is in the King James Bible at : \"For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled\" (KJV). The quotation uses them as an example of extremely minor details. The phrase \"jot and tittle\" indicates that every small detail has received attention. In the Greek original translated as English \"jot and tittle\" are found the words \"iota\" and \"keraia\" (). Iota is the smallest letter of the Greek alphabet (\u03b9); the even smaller iota subscript was a medieval introduction. Alternatively, it may represent yodh (\u05d9), the smallest letter of the Hebrew and Aramaic alphabets (to which iota is related).", "The Giants opened the scoring in the first quarter when quarterback Y. A. Tittle led New York on an 83-yard drive that was capped off by a 14-yard touchdown pass to Frank Gifford. The drive was set up by Bears quarterback Bill Wade's fumble deep in the Giants territory, which was recovered by former Bear Erich Barnes. However, later in the first period, Tittle suffered an injury to his left knee when Larry Morris hit him during his throwing motion. For the rest of the game, Tittle would never be the same. Morris then intercepted Tittle's screen pass and returned the ball 61 yards to the Giants 6-yard line. Two plays later, Wade scored a touchdown on a two-yard quarterback sneak to tie the game at 7. In the second quarter, the Giants retook the lead, 10\u20137, on a 13-yard field goal. But on New York's next drive, Tittle re-injured his left knee on another hit by Morris. With Tittle out for two possessions, the Giants struggled, only able to advance 2 yards in 7 plays. New York coach Allie Sherman even punted on third down, showing no confidence in backup Glynn Griffing. However, the score remained 10\u20137 at halftime. Tittle came back in the third period, but due to the injury, Tittle was forced to throw off his back foot. An interception on a screen pass by the Bears' Ed O'Bradovich was brought deep into Giant territory, setting up Wade's 1-yard touchdown to give Chicago a 14\u201310 lead. The score held up, and the Bears iced the game on Richie Petitbon's interception in the end zone with 10 seconds left. It was Tittle's 5th interception.", "They offered to double her salary, an offer she accepted in 1978. Tittle co-hosted alongside Tom Joyner and DJ Bebe D'Banana, and later JoJo Bell. In April 1979, Tittle was featured as \"JET\" magazine's \"Beauty of the Week\" while wearing bathing suit made out of radio station bumper stickers. Tittle later worked the 10AM to 3PM shift in early 1982. Tittle worked at WJPC until the station was sold in December 1989. Tittle then worked at WNUA-FM, a blues and smooth-jazz radio station in Joliet, Illinois, before getting full\u2013time work at Chicago's WGCI-AM in 1992. For the first few years, she worked between the FM and AM stations until automated overnight broadcasts came into play, which resulted in her being laid off in 2000. After a year's hiatus from the public, she launched \"The LaDonna Tittle TV/Radio Show\" on Chicago's CAN-TV in 2001. The show began as a platform to chat with entertainers until she decided to shift to cooking after viewing a soul food exhibit in 2003. Tittle also starred in R. Kelly's 2005 melodrama \"Trapped in the Closet\", as Rosie the nosy neighbor. Tittle has received many Awards and Recognitions for her public community service, mentoring, educational self-esteem activities, and Culinary contributions. Tittle is \"radio-act-tive\"... Tittle was married once and had no children. Her only marriage was to Ronald Horton, a Vietnam army volunteer from 1967 until his death in 1973. Tittle dated John E. Johnson of the Johnson hair-care product family from the late\u20131970s until his death in 1981.", "Born and raised in Marshall, Texas, to Alma and Yelberton Abraham Tittle Sr., Yelberton Abraham Tittle Jr. aspired to be a quarterback from a young age. He spent hours in his backyard throwing a football through a tire swing, emulating his neighbor and boyhood idol, Sammy Baugh. Tittle played high school football at Marshall High School. In his senior year the team posted an undefeated record and reached the state finals. After a recruiting battle between Louisiana State University and the University of Texas, Tittle chose to attend LSU in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and play for the LSU Tigers. He was part of a successful 1944 recruiting class under head coach Bernie Moore that included halfbacks Jim Cason, Dan Sandifer, and Ray Coates. Freshmen were eligible to play on the varsity during World War II, so Tittle saw playing time immediately. He later said the finest moment of his four years at LSU was beating Tulane as a freshman, a game in which he set a school record with 238 passing yards. It was one of two games the Tigers won that season. Moore started Tittle at tailback in the single-wing formation his first year, but moved him to quarterback in the T formation during his sophomore season. As a junior in 1946, Tittle's three touchdown passes in a 41-27 rout of rival Tulane helped ensure LSU a spot in the Cotton Bowl Classic. Known notoriously as the \"Ice Bowl\", the 1947 Cotton Bowl pitted LSU against the Arkansas Razorbacks in sub-freezing temperatures on an ice-covered field in Dallas, Texas. LSU moved the ball much better than the Razorbacks, but neither team was able to score, and the game ended in a 0-0 tie. Tittle and Arkansas end Alton Baldwin shared the game's MVP award.", "LaDonna Tittle LaDonna Marie Tittle (born March 13, 1946 or 1949) is an American radio personality, actress and former model. Tittle is perhaps best known for her radio career from the mid\u20131970s until the early\u20132000s. Tittle most notable career stints were in Chicago at several stations; WBMX-FM from 1973 to 1978, WJPC-AM alongside Tom Joyner from 1978 until 1989 and WGCI-AM (1992\u20132000). Tittle has appeared as Ethel Brown (simply known as Ms. Ethel), Ronnie's grandmother in the Showtime television series \"The Chi\" since the series debut in January 2018. Tittle was born the oldest of five children to Juanita, a record shop owner, and businessman James O. Tittle in Chicago, Illinois. Tittle grew up in the Robert Taylor Homes public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the south side. For high school, Tittle attended Dunbar Vocational High School; later graduating in 1964 or 1967. After high school, Tittle then studied art education and drama with a minor in journalism at Chicago State University, graduating in 1971. Tittle began her career in radio at Chicago's WBEE station in 1970. After two years at WBEE, Tittle moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin where she worked as a weekend radio personality at WNOV radio in 1972. Tittle worked at the radio station for a year, later returning to Chicago in 1973. Shortly after returning to Chicago, Tittle became the midday and evening host of WBMX-FM radio, where R&B and soul music were showcased. She started her career at the station reporting news and working overnight, eventually moving to weekday afternoons a year later. Due to her growing popularity, Tittle was sought after by Johnson Publishing Company's WJPC radio station."], "answer": {"text": "he became one of the best screen passers in the NFL.", "answer_start": 528}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Y. A. Tittle's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Tittle threw the ball from a sidearm, almost underhand position,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he choose that style of play or did it come to him naturally?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his play style effective at first or did he have to work at it?", "answer": {"text": "Despite his throwing motion, he had a very strong and accurate arm with a quick release.", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He possessed rare leadership and game-planning skills, and played with great enthusiasm even in his later years.", "answer_start": 671, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach at all with that talent?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his profile?", "answer": {"text": "It was because of his quick release and ability to read defenses that he became one of the best screen passers in the NFL.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_303f8b49f620446b944741385de7fc82_1_q#0", "question": "What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "rewrite": "What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile  Eleanor of England (; c.1161 \u2013 31 October 1214), was Queen of Castile and Toledo as wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile. She was the sixth child and second daughter of Henry II, King of England, and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor was born in the castle at Domfront, Normandy c.1161, as the second daughter of Henry II, King of England and his wife Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, and was baptised by Henry of Marcy. Her half-siblings were Countess Marie and Countess Alix, and her full siblings were Henry the Young King, Duchess Matilda, King Richard, Duke Geoffrey, Queen Joan and King John. Eleanor had an older brother, William (17 August 1153- April 1156) the first son of Henry II, and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He died of a seizure at Wallingford Castle, and he was buried in Reading Abbey at the feet of his great-grandfather Henry I. In 1170 Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in Burgos. Her parents' purpose in arranging the marriage was to secure Aquitaine's Pyrenean border, while Alfonso was seeking an ally in his struggles with Sancho VI of Navarre. In 1177, this led to Henry overseeing arbitration of the border dispute. Around the year 1200, Alfonso began to claim that the duchy of Gascony was part of Eleanor's dowry, but there is no documented foundation for that claim. It is highly unlikely that Henry II would have parted with so significant a portion of his domains. At most, Gascony may have been pledged as security for the full payment of his daughter's dowry. Her husband went so far on this claim as to invade Gascony in her name in 1205. In 1206, her brother John granted her safe passage to visit him, perhaps to try opening peace negotiations.", "Instead she focused on the human characteristics: she believes Henry II was a brilliant king but a bad father. Of Eleanor of Aquitaine, she claims she was a \"law unto herself\", and Penman was intrigued by the role of a medieval queen. \"Time and Chance\" (2002), a \"New York Times Bestseller\", continues the story of Eleanor of Aquitaine and her husband, and focuses on the rift between Henry II and Thomas Becket. \"Time and Chance\" spans a 15-year period from 1156 to 1171 as Henry II became estranged from his wife (although Eleanor and Henry have eight children during thirteen years), and from his close friend and advisor Thomas Becket. King Henry's decision to elevate Becket to the Archbishop of Canterbury becomes a fulcrum for discord between Henry and Eleanor. \"Devil's Brood\" (2008) opens with the conflict between Henry II, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, and their four sons, which escalates into a decade of warfare and rebellion pitting the sons against the father and the brothers against each other while Eleanor spends the period imprisoned by Henry. Penman places the characters against a tightly woven tapestry of medieval life, personal conflict, and dramatic characters. \"The Devil's Brood\" was supposed to be the final volume in Penman's Plantagenet series, but the \"Angevins were not ready to go quietly into that good night.\" \"Lionheart\" (2011) is about the children of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. The book focuses on Richard the Lionheart's Crusades in the Holy Land and on what happened to Eleanor when she was finally released after spending sixteen years in a confinement that was ordered and enforced by her husband. \"", "Ramnulfids The Ramnulfids, or the House of Poitiers, were a French dynasty ruling the County of Poitou and Duchy of Aquitaine in the 9th through 12th centuries. Their power base shifted from Toulouse to Poitou. In the early 10th century, they contested the dominance of northern Aquitaine and the ducal title to the whole with the House of Auvergne. In 1032, they inherited the Duchy of Gascony, thus uniting it with Aquitaine. By the end of the 11th century they were the dominant power in the southwestern third of France. The founder of the family was Ramnulf I, who became count in 835. Ramnulf's son, Ramnulf II, claimed the title of King of Aquitaine in 888, but it did not survive him. Through his illegitimate son Ebalus he fathered the line of dukes of Aquitaine that would rule continuously from 927 to 1204, from the succession of William III to the death of Eleanor, who brought the Ramnulfid inheritance first to Louis VII of France and then to Henry II of England. Several daughters of this house achieved high status. Adelaide married Hugh Capet and was thus the first Queen of France in the era of the Direct Capetians. Agnes married Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, and ruled as regent for her son, the young Henry IV. The most illustrious woman was certainly Aquitaine's ruler Eleanor, whose marriage to Henry II of England crafted the Angevin Empire which was to cause so much discord between France and England. The Ramnulfid house did much to encourage art, literature, and piety. Under William V, William IX, and William X, Aquitaine became the centre for the art of poetry and song in the vernacular; the troubadour tradition was born and raised there.", "Under the settlement Henry did homage to Louis for Normandy, accepting Louis as his feudal lord, and gave him the disputed lands of the Norman Vexin; in return, Louis recognised him as duke. Geoffrey died in September 1151, and Henry postponed his plans to return to England, as he first needed to ensure that his succession, particularly in Anjou, was secure. At around this time Henry was also probably secretly planning his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, then still the wife of Louis. Eleanor was the Duchess of Aquitaine, a land in the south of France, and was considered beautiful, lively and controversial, but had not borne Louis any sons. Louis had the marriage annulled and Henry married Eleanor eight weeks later on 18 May. The marriage instantly reignited Henry's tensions with Louis: it was considered an insult, it ran counter to feudal practice and it threatened the inheritance of Louis and Eleanor's two daughters, Marie and Alix, who might otherwise have had claims to Aquitaine on Eleanor's death. With his new lands, Henry now possessed a much larger proportion of France than Louis. Louis organised a coalition against Henry, including Stephen, Eustace, Henry the Count of Champagne, and Robert the Count of Perche. Louis's alliance was joined by Henry's younger brother, Geoffrey, who rose in revolt, claiming that Henry had dispossessed him of his inheritance. Geoffrey of Anjou's plans for the inheritance of his lands had been ambiguous, making the veracity of his son Geoffrey's claims hard to assess. Contemporaneous accounts suggest he left the main castles in Poitou to Geoffrey, implying that he may have intended Henry to retain Normandy and Anjou but not Poitou. Fighting immediately broke out again along the Normandy borders, where Henry of Champagne and Robert captured the town of Neufmarch\u00e9-sur-Epte.", "After the 843 Treaty of Verdun, the defeat of Pepin II and the death of Charles the Bald, the Kingdom of Aquitaine (subsumed in West Francia) ceased to have any relevance and the title of King of Aquitaine took on a nominal value. In 1058, the Duchy of Vasconia (Gascony) and Aquitaine merged under the rule of William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine. The title \"Duke of Aquitaine\" was held by the counts of Poitiers from the 10th to the 12th century. Aquitaine passed to France in 1137 when the duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine married Louis VII of France, but their marriage was annulled in 1152. When Eleanor's new husband became King Henry II of England in 1154, the area became an English possession, and a cornerstone of the Angevin Empire. Aquitaine remained English until the end of the Hundred Years' War in 1453, when it was annexed by France. During the three hundred years that the region was ruled by the Kings of England, links between Aquitaine and England strengthened, with large quantities of wine produced in southwestern France being exported to London, Southampton, and other English ports. In fact, so much wine and other produce was being exported to London and sold that by the start of the Hundred Years' War the profits from Aquitaine were the principal source of the English King's income per annum. The region served as a stronghold for the Protestant Huguenots during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, who suffered persecution at the hands of the French Catholics. The Huguenots called upon the English crown for assistance against Cardinal Richelieu. From the 13th century until the French Revolution, Aquitaine was usually known as Guyenne. Aquitaine consists of 3,150,890 inhabitants, equivalent to 6% of the total French population. The region of Aquitaine forms the 6th most populated region in France."], "answer": {"text": "became the Duchess of Aquitaine,", "answer_start": 390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_303f8b49f620446b944741385de7fc82_1_q#1", "question": "What else can you tell me about her inheritance?", "rewrite": "Besides being the Duchess of Aquitaine, what else can you tell me about Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile  Eleanor of England (; c.1161 \u2013 31 October 1214), was Queen of Castile and Toledo as wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile. She was the sixth child and second daughter of Henry II, King of England, and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Eleanor was born in the castle at Domfront, Normandy c.1161, as the second daughter of Henry II, King of England and his wife Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, and was baptised by Henry of Marcy. Her half-siblings were Countess Marie and Countess Alix, and her full siblings were Henry the Young King, Duchess Matilda, King Richard, Duke Geoffrey, Queen Joan and King John. Eleanor had an older brother, William (17 August 1153- April 1156) the first son of Henry II, and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He died of a seizure at Wallingford Castle, and he was buried in Reading Abbey at the feet of his great-grandfather Henry I. In 1170 Eleanor married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in Burgos. Her parents' purpose in arranging the marriage was to secure Aquitaine's Pyrenean border, while Alfonso was seeking an ally in his struggles with Sancho VI of Navarre. In 1177, this led to Henry overseeing arbitration of the border dispute. Around the year 1200, Alfonso began to claim that the duchy of Gascony was part of Eleanor's dowry, but there is no documented foundation for that claim. It is highly unlikely that Henry II would have parted with so significant a portion of his domains. At most, Gascony may have been pledged as security for the full payment of his daughter's dowry. Her husband went so far on this claim as to invade Gascony in her name in 1205. In 1206, her brother John granted her safe passage to visit him, perhaps to try opening peace negotiations.", "List of Aquitanian consorts The Consorts of Aquitaine were the spouses of the Aquitanian Monarchs. They were mostly Duchess but other held the titles Lady or Queen. The Ducal title of Aquitaine was merged with the English claimed Crown of France, 1337\u20131360; so Philippa of Hainault, the Queen of Edward III was also the Duchess of Aquitaine The Ducal title of Aquitaine was merged again with the English claimed Crown of France, 1369\u20131390; so Anne of Bohemia, first queen of Richard II was also the Duchess of Aquitaine. The Ducal title of Aquitaine was merged again with the English claimed Crown of France, 1413\u20131449; so the English queens: Joanna of Navarre, Catherine of Valois and Margaret of Anjou were also Duchesses of Aquitaine. After the lost of most of Aquitaine to the Valois, the French kings gain completed rights to title that they had taken back from Edward III in 1337. The Duchy of Aquitaine was reclaimed by the Crown of France in 1337; but it wasn't until 1449 that the Valois kings were able to conquer it from the Plantaganets. The Kings of France granted the title of Duke of Guyenne to their heirs, the Dauphins. The title was used after the fall of the French monarchy by the member of the Bourbon family.", "On 25 July 1137 Louis VII of France and Eleanor were married in the Cathedral of Saint-Andre in Bordeaux by the Archbishop of Bordeaux. Immediately after the wedding, the couple were enthroned as Duke and Duchess of Aquitaine. However, there was a catch: the land would remain independent of France until Eleanor's oldest son became both King of the Franks and Duke of Aquitaine. Thus, her holdings would not be merged with France until the next generation. As a wedding present she gave Louis a rock crystal vase, currently on display at the Louvre. Louis gave the vase to the Basilica of St Denis. This vase is the only object connected with Eleanor of Aquitaine that still survives. Louis's tenure as Count of Poitou and Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony lasted only a few days. Although he had been invested as such on 8 August 1137, a messenger gave him the news that Louis VI had died of dysentery on 1 August while Prince Louis and Eleanor were making a tour of the provinces. Thus he became King Louis VII of France. He and Eleanor were anointed and crowned King and Queen of the Franks on Christmas Day of the same year. Possessing a high-spirited nature, Eleanor was not popular with the staid northerners; according to sources, Louis's mother Adelaide of Maurienne thought her flighty and a bad influence. She was not aided by memories of Constance of Arles, the Provencal wife of Robert II, tales of whose immodest dress and language were still told with horror. Eleanor's conduct was repeatedly criticized by church elders, particularly Bernard of Clairvaux and Abbot Suger, as indecorous. The king was madly in love with his beautiful and worldly bride, however, and granted her every whim, even though her behavior baffled and vexed him.", "After the 843 Treaty of Verdun, the defeat of Pepin II and the death of Charles the Bald, the Kingdom of Aquitaine (subsumed in West Francia) ceased to have any relevance and the title of King of Aquitaine took on a nominal value. In 1058, the Duchy of Vasconia (Gascony) and Aquitaine merged under the rule of William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine. The title \"Duke of Aquitaine\" was held by the counts of Poitiers from the 10th to the 12th century. Aquitaine passed to France in 1137 when the duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine married Louis VII of France, but their marriage was annulled in 1152. When Eleanor's new husband became King Henry II of England in 1154, the area became an English possession, and a cornerstone of the Angevin Empire. Aquitaine remained English until the end of the Hundred Years' War in 1453, when it was annexed by France. During the three hundred years that the region was ruled by the Kings of England, links between Aquitaine and England strengthened, with large quantities of wine produced in southwestern France being exported to London, Southampton, and other English ports. In fact, so much wine and other produce was being exported to London and sold that by the start of the Hundred Years' War the profits from Aquitaine were the principal source of the English King's income per annum. The region served as a stronghold for the Protestant Huguenots during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, who suffered persecution at the hands of the French Catholics. The Huguenots called upon the English crown for assistance against Cardinal Richelieu. From the 13th century until the French Revolution, Aquitaine was usually known as Guyenne. Aquitaine consists of 3,150,890 inhabitants, equivalent to 6% of the total French population. The region of Aquitaine forms the 6th most populated region in France.", "Under the settlement Henry did homage to Louis for Normandy, accepting Louis as his feudal lord, and gave him the disputed lands of the Norman Vexin; in return, Louis recognised him as duke. Geoffrey died in September 1151, and Henry postponed his plans to return to England, as he first needed to ensure that his succession, particularly in Anjou, was secure. At around this time Henry was also probably secretly planning his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, then still the wife of Louis. Eleanor was the Duchess of Aquitaine, a land in the south of France, and was considered beautiful, lively and controversial, but had not borne Louis any sons. Louis had the marriage annulled and Henry married Eleanor eight weeks later on 18 May. The marriage instantly reignited Henry's tensions with Louis: it was considered an insult, it ran counter to feudal practice and it threatened the inheritance of Louis and Eleanor's two daughters, Marie and Alix, who might otherwise have had claims to Aquitaine on Eleanor's death. With his new lands, Henry now possessed a much larger proportion of France than Louis. Louis organised a coalition against Henry, including Stephen, Eustace, Henry the Count of Champagne, and Robert the Count of Perche. Louis's alliance was joined by Henry's younger brother, Geoffrey, who rose in revolt, claiming that Henry had dispossessed him of his inheritance. Geoffrey of Anjou's plans for the inheritance of his lands had been ambiguous, making the veracity of his son Geoffrey's claims hard to assess. Contemporaneous accounts suggest he left the main castles in Poitou to Geoffrey, implying that he may have intended Henry to retain Normandy and Anjou but not Poitou. Fighting immediately broke out again along the Normandy borders, where Henry of Champagne and Robert captured the town of Neufmarch\u00e9-sur-Epte."], "answer": {"text": "As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title,", "answer_start": 469}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "became the Duchess of Aquitaine,", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_303f8b49f620446b944741385de7fc82_1_q#2", "question": "So there was a fear she would be kidnapped?", "rewrite": "So there was a fear Eleanor of Aquitaine would be kidnapped?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["William the Pious was the first to recreate the title of Duke of Aquitaine for himself during the 890s, and the count of Poitiers inherited the title in 927. In 932 King Rudolph of France, fighting the count of Poitiers, conferred the title of Duke of Aquitaine to new ally Count Raymond III Pons of Toulouse. The French throne had become a nearly empty title. After Rudolph's death, a faction crowned the English-bred Carolingian prince Louis IV from Overseas. Raymond III Pons belonged to the opposing faction, and when he died in 950 Louis IV bestowed the title of Duke of Aquitaine on Louis IV ally Count William III Towhead of Poitiers. The title of Duke of Aquitaine would be held by the family of the counts of Poitiers, whose power base at Poitou was in northwestern Aquitaine. At the death of Carolingian king of France Louis V in 987 the Robertian faction had its chief, Hugh Capet, elected to the French throne; This ended the Carolingian dynasty. Hugh Capet founded the Capetian dynasty, which would rule France for the next eight centuries. The counts of Toulouse extended their domain to the Mediterranean coast, but their rule was short-lived. During the 10th century civilization, the arts and education had declined; a rebirth of culture and order during the reign of Charlemagne was smothered by Viking invasions, augmented by poor weather and plagues which contributed to population loss. Large areas of western Europe returned to wilderness, and cities were depopulated. Churches were abandoned or plundered; Christianity lost much of its moral authority, although Roman culture survived in scattered monasteries. This contrasted with the flourishing emirate of C\u00f3rdoba in Spain and the Byzantine Empire. Authority decentralized, falling from counts to viscounts to thousands of local feudal lords.", "Raymond III Pons was from the opposite faction and so when he died in 950 Louis IV awarded the title of Duke of Aquitaine to Count William III Towhead of Poitiers (\"Guillaume III T\u00eate d'\u00c9toupe\") who was an ally of Louis IV. From then on the title of Duke of Aquitaine would be used in the family of the counts of Poitiers, whose power base of Poitou was in the northwestern part of the former Aquitaine. The counts of Toulouse would soon forget any dreams about Aquitaine. Eventually, on the death of the Carolingian king of France Louis V in 987, the Robertian faction succeeded in having its chief, Hugh Capet (\"Hugues Capet\") elected to the French throne. This time, the Carolingian dynasty effectively ended. Hugh Capet was the founder the Capetian dynasty, which would rule in France for the next eight centuries. However, from this point forward, the history of France is irrelevant to Toulouse, at least until the 13th century. The counts of Toulouse had extended their rule to the Mediterranean coast, but they would not long enjoy the large domain they had succeeded in carving out for themselves. The 10th century was perhaps the worst century for western Europe in the last two millennia. Four centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, civilization had declined, arts and education were in a very poor state. There had been a momentary rebirth of culture and order in the time of Charlemagne, but soon with the return of invasions (especially the Vikings), western Europe was falling again. This conjugated with dramatic civil wars as explained above, as well as bad weather, plagues, and population loss. Entire areas of western Europe returned to wilderness. Cities were completely depopulated. Churches were abandoned or plundered; the Church was experiencing a sharp decline in morals.", "In 1010 were codified in Amalfi the \"Tabula Amalphitana \"or \"Tavole Amalfi ,\"followed by the codification of maritime customs of Trani in 1063, which were then adapted by the city of Fermo. In 1243 James I of Aragon has demarcated the Ribera (seaside) of Barcelona and its ordinances were codified in 1258 in the \"Carta consulatus riparie Barchinone\", which had not yet codified the maritime customs of Barcelona itself. Shortly afterwards, Barcelona's municipal boundaries were reorganized and the Ribera (seaside) came under the Consell de Cent, so the Ribera (seaside) lost its autonomy. In the last quarter of the 13th century Barcelona consuls they started naming the great men of the Ribera (seaside), which in 1282 were named \"consols de mar\" (\"consuls of sea\"). Many authors believe that the laws specified in the \"Book of the Consulate of the Sea\" had a big influence on all other compilations of maritime law in Europe, which are partly based on it. Some of these laws specified in the \"Book of the Consulate of the Sea\" were already adopted in the ninth century in places like the Baltic, the North Sea, the Schleswig sea: Riga, Wisby, Hamburg, L\u00fcbeck and other cities of the Hanseatic League, being published since 1407 under the title \" Waterrecht \", also called laws of Wisby. According to some authors the Rules of Ol\u00e9ron were compiled by Edward I of England and expanded and promulgated by Richard I of England on his return from the Holy Land, but others say Eleanor of Aquitaine would have proclaimed them already in 1160.", "Unison: Rebels of Rhythm &amp; Dance Unison: Rebels of Rhythm & Dance (sometimes known as simply Unison) is a rhythm video game released for the PlayStation 2 in 2000 which featured unique controls and, at the time, beautiful graphics for its genre of game. It is heavily inspired by J-pop, anime and the formation of musical girl groups. World is Waiting for Unison; 3 Girls and an afro goes save the world! ; Bring Back Smile By Soul Dancing! The game's plot, taking place in the futuristic city of Twin Ships, centers around the exploits of three girls - Trill, Cela and Chilly - and mascot Friday as they struggle against the dictatorship of a man known only as Ducker, who can use his voice to exert a hypnotic influence over people and only allow them to experience his peculiar brands of fun, which has outlawed anything creative aside from his own music; dancing, in particular, is especially prohibited. Gathered together by a man known as Doctor Dance - who happens to dress in what passes as stereotypical 1960s attire and possesses a large afro - the three girls form the musical dance group Unison, and set about putting on a series of performances over Twin Ships' airwaves to rally the public to their cause and bring dancing back to the people. In opposition of Unison are Ducker and his personal servants who routinely try to capture the girls. Japanese names are italicized. At the start of the game, players choose whether to directly control any one of the girls: Trill, Cela or Chilly. This choice roughly corresponds to a difficulty selection - Trill is Normal, Cela is Hard and Chilly is Very Hard. Once a story cutscene has introduced the song to be performed in the next act, the game moves into a practice session to teach the player the movements necessary to successfully pull off the performance.", "Isabella was able to recover her daughters Eleanor of Woodstock and Joan of the Tower, who had been kept in the Despenser's custody. By now desperate and increasingly deserted by their court, Edward and Hugh Despenser the younger attempted to sail to Lundy, a small island just off the Devon coast, but the weather was against them and after several days they were forced to land back in Wales. With Bristol secure, Isabella moved her base of operations up to the border town of Hereford, from where she ordered Henry of Lancaster to locate and arrest her husband. After a fortnight of evading Isabella's forces in South Wales, Edward and Hugh were finally caught and arrested near Llantrisant on 16 November, the same day that the rest of the Despensers were defeated in Wales which brought an end to the insurrection and the civil war. Edward II died somehow, most likely assassinated by orders of Isabella and Mortimer. What is known is that both Hugh Despenser the younger and Edmund Fitzalan were both hanged, drawn, and quartered. The deaths of Fitzalan, Despenser the younger, Despenser the elder, and Edward II brought an end to the Despenser wars but saw the start of a year of looting of the Despensers' estates and the issuing of pardons to thousands of people falsely indicted by them. On 31 March 1327, under Isabella's instruction, Edward III agreed a peace treaty with Charles IV of France: Aquitaine would be returned to Edward, with Charles receiving 50,000 livres, the territories of Limousin, Quercy, the Agenais and P\u00e9rigord, and the Bazas country, leaving the young Edward with a much reduced territory."], "answer": {"text": "The duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret", "answer_start": 913}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "became the Duchess of Aquitaine,", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about her inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title,", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_303f8b49f620446b944741385de7fc82_1_q#3", "question": "Why is that?", "rewrite": "Why is the duke's death kept secret?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Best Kept Secret (film) Best Kept Secret is a 2013 documentary film that was directed by Samantha Buck and produced by Danielle DiGiacomo. The film aired as part of \"POV\" on PBS and focuses on a special education teacher who must find her students a place in the real world as they prepare to leave the public school system. The documentary follows one of the classes attending JFK High School in Newark, New Jersey, as they prepare for graduation. In a year and a half they will graduate from the public school system and go on to their next stage of life. What makes Janet Mino's class different from some others is that she teaches special needs students and some might find it difficult to move on to things that others without disabilities would find easier to accomplish. During filming Buck received no interference from the principal of the high school and found the school and its staff very accommodating. She chose to use the class's teacher, Mino, as the documentary's storytelling vehicle, as they viewed her as \"the thread that pulled all of those stories together\". She and DiGiacomo also felt that \"The best way to get people to care about a social issue that they might not have a personal relationship with is to get them to be emotionally involved and to care about people so by telling a story where, hopefully, you care deeply about Mino and her amazing experience \u2014 she's so expressive and the guys have good personalities and you care about them \u2014 I felt like that was the best way to get people emotionally connected.\" \"Best Kept Secret\" was executive produced by Paul Bernon, Sean Curran, Daniella Kahane, and Scott Mosier. Critical reception for \"Best Kept Secret\" has been overwhelmingly positive and the movie holds a rating of 100 on both \"Rotten Tomatoes\" (based on 11 reviews) and \"Metacritic\" (based on 4 reviews).", "Best Kept Secret (Sheena Easton album) Best Kept Secret is the fourth album by Scottish singer Sheena Easton. It was released in 1983 on EMI Records. Easton's first album to be recorded entirely in the United States, \"Best Kept Secret\" was produced by Greg Mathieson, Jay Graydon, and Trevor Veitch: Easton had planned to collaborate again with Christopher Neil, the London-based producer of her previous three albums, but it had eventuated that she and Neil had disparate ideas re her new album's material and style. Easton had also hoped that David Foster, who had produced her interim hit duet with Kenny Rogers: \"We've Got Tonight\", would produce some solo tracks for her but Foster's schedule did not permit this. The songs on \"Best Kept Secret\" alternated between dance tracks in the Eurodisco of the recent Laura Branigan hit \"Gloria\" - which Mathieson/Graydon/Veitch had been responsible for - and ballads. The album's lead single was the dance track \"Telefone (Long Distance Love Affair)\" which became Easton's third solo hit to reach the US Top Ten with a No. 9 peak on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was Grammy nominated. The second single was the ballad \"Almost Over You\" (No. 25) and another dance track \"Devil in a Fast Car\" was subsequently issued as a single to reach No. 79. \" Best Kept Secret\" peaked at No. 33 on the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart with a chart duration of 38 weeks. Neither the album nor its singles had high chart impact in the UK, \"Best Kept Secret\" charting there at No. 99 while \"Telefone...\" and \"Almost Over You\" had respective UK peaks of No. 84 and No. 89.", "Best Kept Secret (festival) The Best Kept Secret festival is a three-day music festival held inside the Safaripark Beekse Bergen, within the village of Hilvarenbeek in the south of the Netherlands, since 2013. Best Kept Secret is a music festival with a line-up in which big names are alternated with new discoveries from indie, folk, hip-hop, rock, electronics or a mixture of styles. The festival\u2019s centerpiece is a lake at the back of Beekse Bergen safari park. The festival\u2019s founder described his vision as aiming to create \u201csomething that we\u2019d like to go to ourselves\u201d. Best Kept Secret festival has one open air stage (ONE), three tent stages (TWO, THREE and FIVE) and one dance floor stage: FOUR. The festival is organized by Dutch booking agency Friendly Fire. In June 2013 the first edition was held, and sold-out each day with 15,000 visitors. The festival has been nominated twice at the European Festival Awards: In 2013 the festival won the 'Best Festival Award' at the 'IJzeren Podiumdieren' award show at Eurosonic Noorderslag. The 'IJzeren Podiumdieren' award show is an initiative by the Vereniging Nederlandse Poppodia- en Festivals ( Dutch venues and festivals association). Best Kept Secret festival introduced 'the food line-up' for their first edition. The festival organization strives for diverse and sustainable food options, including vegetarian meals, soup and juices. In total, around 100 artists, bands and DJ\u2019s performed at Best Kept Secret festival 2016. In total, around 95 artists, bands and DJ\u2019s performed at Best Kept Secret festival 2015.", "Well Kept Secret (Juice Newton album) Well Kept Secret is the first solo album and fourth album overall by country pop singer Juice Newton. Her first three albums \u2013 \"Juice Newton and Silver Spur\" (1975) and \"After the Dust Settles\" (1976) for RCA Records, and \"Come to Me\" for Capitol (1977) \u2013 were credited to the group Juice Newton and Silver Spur. \" Well Kept Secret\" was released by Capitol in 1978 and is Newton's first album as a solo artist. The album marked Newton's most rock-oriented record up to that time and features five songs written by her long-time collaborator Otha Young. Other songs on the album include cover versions of Bruce Channel's 1961 hit \"Hey! Baby\" and the Holland\u2013Dozier\u2013Holland song, \" A Love Like Yours (Don't Come Knocking Everyday)\", which was originally recorded in 1963 by Martha and the Vandellas as the B-side to their hit single \"Heat Wave\". Newton's rendition of \"Hey! Baby\" was the only single released from \" Well Kept Secret\". Neither charted, prompting rock critic Jim Worbois to note: \"The title of this album seems to apply to her career as much as anything. She was still a couple years away from any substantial success. Newton seems to be without direction on this record and, as such, is trying some harder-edged material.\"", "Best Kept Secret (production team) Best Kept Secret is an American music production duo, composed of Grammy Nominated record producers Julian Nixon and Craig Balmoris. The duo met in 2006, during their time in high school. Former members, Ernest \"Tone P\" Price, was a part of Best Kept Secret from 2007-2009. Infusing go-go with hip hop, Best Kept Secret connected with fellow DC native, Wale , to produce the majority of his critically acclaimed mixtape, The Mixtape About Nothing. They would later team up with Clarence \"CJ\" Mitchell aka \"Flawless Tracks\" to create one of the most popular SoundClick pages. The SoundClick production is often heard with the producer tag, \"Hey it's the Best Kept Secret\", and can be found on many Ballislife.com videos and other popular internet content."], "answer": {"text": "Rather than act as guardian to the duchess and duchy, he decided to marry the duchess to his 17-year-old heir", "answer_start": 119}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "became the Duchess of Aquitaine,", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about her inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title,", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So there was a fear she would be kidnapped?", "answer": {"text": "The duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret", "answer_start": 913, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_303f8b49f620446b944741385de7fc82_1_q#4", "question": "Why did he do that?", "rewrite": "Why did the duke marry the duchess to his 17-year-old heir?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["If that were to happen, the Churchill titles would pass to the Earl of Jersey (and merge with the earldom as long as it is extant), the heir-male of the 1st Duke's granddaughter Anne Villiers (born Egerton), Countess of Jersey, daughter of Elizabeth Egerton, Duchess of Bridgewater, the third daughter of the first Duke. The next heir would be the Duke of Buccleuch, the heir-male of the 1st Duke's great-granddaughter Elizabeth Montagu, Duchess of Buccleuch, the daughter of Mary Montagu, Duchess of Montagu (1766 creation), the daughter of the 1st Duke's youngest daughter Mary, Duchess of Montagu (1705 creation). The fourth surviving line is represented by the Earl of Chichester and his family, the heir-male of the 1st Duke's most senior great-great-granddaughter Mary Henrietta Osborne, Countess of Chichester, daughter of Francis Osborne, 5th Duke of Leeds, only child of Mary Godolphin, Duchess of Leeds, daughter of the 1st Duke's eldest daughter Henrietta Godolphin, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough, by her husband Francis Godolphin, 2nd Earl of Godolphin. The Duke holds subsidiary titles: \"Marquess of Blandford\" (created in 1702 for John Churchill), \"Earl of Sunderland\" (created in 1643 for the Spencer family), \"Earl of Marlborough\" (created in 1689 for John Churchill), \"Baron Spencer\" of Wormleighton (created in 1603 for the Spencer family), and \"Baron Churchill\" of Sandridge (created in 1685 for John Churchill), all in the Peerage of England. The title \"Marquess of Blandford\" is used as the courtesy title for the Duke's eldest son and heir.", "Lady Eleanor Stanley recorded in her diary in 1859 that during a \"paper chase\", the Duchess caught her hoop while climbing over a stile, and was left with the entirety of her crinoline and skirts thrown over her head, revealing her scarlet drawers to the assembled company. The Duc de Malakoff, the French ambassador, is said to have exclaimed \"\"C'\u00e9tait diabolique!\" \" at the sight. In 1897, the Duchess hosted the Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House, the London residence of the Dukes of Devonshire in the 18th and 19th centuries. The party was a costume ball thrown to celebrate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. The Queen's Private Secretary, Francis Knollys, wrote to the Duchess that the Prince of Wales (who dressed as the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta) thought the party a success. At the ball, the Duchess dressed as Queen Zenobia of Palmyra. On 22 July 1852, the twenty-year old Louisa was married at Hanover to Viscount Mandeville, eldest son and heir of the 6th Duke of Manchester. Upon his father's death on 8 August 1855, he succeeded his father as 7th Duke of Manchester, and Louisa became Duchess of Manchester. They had five children:   Louisa became estranged from the Duke, and they lived apart for many years. Louisa became the companion of the Marquess of Hartington, and a notable political hostess. The Duke died in Naples on 22 March 1890. On 16 August 1892, at Christ Church, Mayfair, the sixty-year-old Dowager Duchess of Manchester married Hartington, now the 8th Duke of Devonshire. She thereby became Duchess of Devonshire, with the nickname of \"The Double Duchess\". After the Duke of Devonshire's death on 24 March 1908, she was widowed for the second time, becoming the Dowager Duchess of Devonshire.", "While presenting a solemn and dignified face to the grieving Aquitainian messengers, Louis exulted when they departed. Rather than act as guardian to the duchess and duchy, he decided to marry the duchess to his 17-year-old heir and bring Aquitaine under the control of the French crown, thereby greatly increasing the power and prominence of France and its ruling family, the House of Capet. Within hours, the king had arranged for Prince Louis to be married to Eleanor, with Abbot Suger in charge of the wedding arrangements. Prince Louis was sent to Bordeaux with an escort of 500 knights, along with Abbot Suger, Theobald II, Count of Champagne, and Count Ralph.", "After their return to Montb\u00e9liard in 1697, Leopold Eberhard persuaded his wife to take the two Curie sisters as ladies-in-waiting. Without any care of the mockery of his subjects, Leopold Eberhard lived with his wife and mistresses until 1700, when Anne Sabine, found this situation unbearable, and finally separated from her husband ( but without divorcing him) and moved to the castle of H\u00e9ricourt, where she remained for the rest of her days. Finally, on 1 August 1701 Anne Sabine Hedwiger was created Countess of Sponeck (with the title of \"\"Hoch- und Wohlgeboren\"\") by the Emperor with the same title awarded to her children. The castle chosen by the title was a small Burg situated in the banks of the Rhine, and belonged to the House of W\u00fcrttemberg for generations. Despite the estrangement between him and Anne Sabine, Leopold Eberhard obtained for his brothers-in-law Georg Wilhelm Hedwiger (who continue to serve as the Duke's governor in the castle of Montb\u00e9liard) and Johann Rudolf Hedwiger the title of Count of Sponeck for each of them. At first, was Henriette Edwige Curie who obtain the supremacy over the Leopold Eberhard's heart, and she became in his official mistress. However, the Duke marry her in 1697 with Johann Ludwig von Sandersleben, who appeared as the legal father of Henriette Edwige's first three children: In order to improve the status of his mistress, on 11 September 1700", "Duchess of Cornwall Duchess of Cornwall is a courtesy title held by the wife of the Duke of Cornwall. The Dukedom of Cornwall is a non-hereditary peerage title held by the British monarch's eldest son and heir. The current Duchess of Cornwall is Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (formerly Camilla Parker Bowles), since her 9 April 2005 marriage to Charles, Prince of Wales. Prior to their marriage, the title was historically used only in Cornwall, since customarily the monarch's eldest son and heir is created Prince of Wales and his wife is styled as Princess of Wales, and those titles are typically used to refer to them. In Scotland, the titles of Duke and Duchess of Rothesay are used instead. Since the title of Duke of Cornwall can be held only by an heir apparent who is also the eldest son of the monarch, no woman can be Duchess of Cornwall in her own right. However, this may change now that proposals to change the rules of succession are completed. The first Duchess of Cornwall was Joan of Kent (\"The Fair Maid of Kent\"), who, in October 1361, married Edward, the Black Prince. Catherine of Aragon was also Duchess of Cornwall through her marriage to Arthur, Prince of Wales, who was the Duke of Cornwall. Prior to the current holder of the title, the most recent Duchess of Cornwall was Diana, Princess of Wales. During her marriage, she was usually styled as Princess of Wales (except in Scotland, as noted above), as have been most Duchesses of Cornwall."], "answer": {"text": "bring Aquitaine under the control of the French crown,", "answer_start": 233}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "became the Duchess of Aquitaine,", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about her inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title,", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So there was a fear she would be kidnapped?", "answer": {"text": "The duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret", "answer_start": 913, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why is that?", "answer": {"text": "Rather than act as guardian to the duchess and duchy, he decided to marry the duchess to his 17-year-old heir", "answer_start": 119, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_303f8b49f620446b944741385de7fc82_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the duke controlling Aquitaine, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of counts of M\u00e2con This article is a list of the counts of M\u00e2con. In medieval France, the county of M\u00e2con was a county centred on the town called M\u00e2con in the southern half of medieval Burgundy, in what is now Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire (M\u00e2connais).  ??? -??? : Guerin of Provence, of the House of Vergy  869-883 : Theodoric of Vergy (\u2020 883), son of Guerin  ??? -877 : Ecchard of M\u00e2con (\u2020 877), ( Carolingian Nibelungids family )  877-887 : Boso of Provence (\u2020 887), ( family of the Bosonid counts of Provence)  884-886 : Bernard Plantevelue (\u2020 886), ( family of the comtes d'Auvergne )  886-918 : William I of Aquitaine, known as the Pious (\u2020 918), son of the former, count of Auvergne and duke of Aquitaine  918-926 : William II of Aquitaine (\u2020 926), nephew of the former, count of Auvergne and duke of Aquitaine  926-928 : Acfred of Aquitaine (\u2020 928), brother of the former, count of Auvergne and duke of Aquitaine The counts of Auvergne installed the viscounts at M\u00e2con. The centre of power of the dukes of Aquitaine, then the struggles for control of Aquitaine on Acfred's death, made the viscounts take a comtal title. 884-??? : Li\u00e9tald, viscount of M\u00e2con  ??? -915 : Ranoux, viscount of M\u00e2con, probably a close relation of the former  915-943 :", "The Push Kings The Push Kings (sometimes simply Push Kings) were an American rock band from Cambridge, Massachusetts. The group released several albums of Beatles-influenced power pop in the late 1990s and early 2000s before disbanding in 2001. Brothers Carrick and Finn Moore Gerety founded the group in the early 1990s with David Benjamin and Matt Fishbeck; they all met as students at Harvard University. The Geretys are the sons of former Trinity College and Amherst College president Tom Gerety. They released several 45rpm vinyl singles in the first half of the decade. While their early work was heavily indebted to indie rock musical artists such as Pavement, they began moving toward more of a power pop sound in the mid-1990s; reviewers also noted influences from 1980s-era musicians signed to Rough Trade and K Records. They signed with Massachusetts-based Sealed Fate Records, run by Eric Masunaga of the Dambuilders, and released their debut self-titled album with the label in early 1997. The \"New York Times\" wrote of the band, \"the band's retro garage pop and its bowl haircuts quickly grow on you. \" They appeared on KCRW's Morning Becomes Eclectic later that year. The band released four albums in five years, a pace of recording that was intentionally accelerated; the group noted that groups of the 1960s and 1970s released albums much more quickly, and believed it was unnecessary for groups to take two years or more to record and market an album, as was more common in the 1990s. \"Far Places\", their follow-up to \"Push Kings\", arrived in mid-1998. Switching to Rebbel Records, they released another self-titled album in 2000. Their fourth album, \"Feel No Fade\", arrived in late 2001, and received a scathing review by Pitchfork Media.", "But in 1781, the French re-invaded Tobago, and destroyed the plantations, and forced the British governor to surrender. The island's buoyant economy fell into decline. In 1814, when the island again came under British control, another phase of successful sugar-production began. But a severe hurricane in 1847, combined with the collapse of plantation underwriters, end of slavery in 1834 and the competition from sugar with other European countries, marked the end of the sugar trade. In 1889 the island became a ward of Trinidad. Without sugar, the islanders had to grow other crops, planting acres of limes, coconuts and cocoa and exporting their produce to Trinidad. In 1963 Hurricane Flora ravaged Tobago, destroying the villages and crops. A restructuring programme followed and attempts were made to diversify the economy. The development of a tourist industry began. Trinidad and Tobago obtained its independence from the British Empire in 1962 and became a republic in 1976. The population was 60,874 at the 2011 census. The capital, Scarborough, has a population of 17,537. While Trinidad is multiethnic, Tobago's population is primarily of African descent, although with a growing proportion of Trinidadians of East Indian descent and Europeans. Between 2000 and 2011, the population of Tobago grew by 12.55 percent, making it one of the fastest-growing areas of Trinidad and Tobago. Local Government and Central Government functions in Tobago are handled by the Tobago House of Assembly. The current Chief Secretary of the THA is Kelvin Charles. The People's National Movement controls 10 of the 12 seats in the Assembly, with the Progressive Democratic Patriots led by union leader Watson Duke controlling two seats since the 23 January 2017 election. Tobago has two parliamentary seats, Tobago East and Tobago West, which are controlled by the People's National Movement, which won them in the general elections of Trinidad and Tobago on 7 September 2015.", "After the 843 Treaty of Verdun, the defeat of Pepin II and the death of Charles the Bald, the Kingdom of Aquitaine (subsumed in West Francia) ceased to have any relevance and the title of King of Aquitaine took on a nominal value. In 1058, the Duchy of Vasconia (Gascony) and Aquitaine merged under the rule of William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine. The title \"Duke of Aquitaine\" was held by the counts of Poitiers from the 10th to the 12th century. Aquitaine passed to France in 1137 when the duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine married Louis VII of France, but their marriage was annulled in 1152. When Eleanor's new husband became King Henry II of England in 1154, the area became an English possession, and a cornerstone of the Angevin Empire. Aquitaine remained English until the end of the Hundred Years' War in 1453, when it was annexed by France. During the three hundred years that the region was ruled by the Kings of England, links between Aquitaine and England strengthened, with large quantities of wine produced in southwestern France being exported to London, Southampton, and other English ports. In fact, so much wine and other produce was being exported to London and sold that by the start of the Hundred Years' War the profits from Aquitaine were the principal source of the English King's income per annum. The region served as a stronghold for the Protestant Huguenots during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, who suffered persecution at the hands of the French Catholics. The Huguenots called upon the English crown for assistance against Cardinal Richelieu. From the 13th century until the French Revolution, Aquitaine was usually known as Guyenne. Aquitaine consists of 3,150,890 inhabitants, equivalent to 6% of the total French population. The region of Aquitaine forms the 6th most populated region in France.", "However, when the treaty was broken in 1369, both these English claims and the war resumed. In 1362, King Edward III, as Lord of Aquitaine, made his eldest son Edward, Prince of Wales, Prince of Aquitaine. In 1390, King Richard II, son of Edward the Black Prince appointed his uncle John of Gaunt Duke of Aquitaine. This grant expired upon the Duke's death, and the dukedom reverted to the Crown. Regardless, due to Henry Bolingbroke's seizure of the crown, he still came into possession of the dukedom. Henry V continued to rule over Aquitaine as King of England and Lord of Aquitaine. He invaded France and emerged victorious at the siege of Harfleur and the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. He succeeded in obtaining the French crown for his family by the Treaty of Troyes in 1420. Henry V died in 1422, when his son Henry VI inherited the French throne at the age of less than a year; his reign saw the gradual loss of English control of France. The Valois kings of France, claiming supremacy over Aquitaine, granted the title of duke to their heirs, the Dauphins. With the end of the Hundred Years' War, Aquitaine returned under direct rule of the king of France and remained in the possession of the king. Only occasionally was the duchy or the title of duke granted to another member of the dynasty. The Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, son of Alfonso XIII of Spain, was one of the Legitimist pretenders to the French throne; as such he named his son, Gonzalo, Duke of Aquitaine (1972\u20132000); Gonzalo had no legitimate children."], "answer": {"text": "Within hours, the king had arranged for Prince Louis to be married to Eleanor,", "answer_start": 393}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Eleanor of Aquitaine's inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "became the Duchess of Aquitaine,", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about her inheritance?", "answer": {"text": "As these were the days when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for obtaining a title,", "answer_start": 469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So there was a fear she would be kidnapped?", "answer": {"text": "The duke also insisted to his companions that his death be kept a secret", "answer_start": 913, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why is that?", "answer": {"text": "Rather than act as guardian to the duchess and duchy, he decided to marry the duchess to his 17-year-old heir", "answer_start": 119, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he do that?", "answer": {"text": "bring Aquitaine under the control of the French crown,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2f43975a2fa421682c631d34e71caee_0_q#0", "question": "Who is Ali Khamenei?", "rewrite": "Who is Ali Khamenei?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Khamenei helped guide the country during the Iran\u2013Iraq War in the 1980s, and developed close ties with the now-powerful Revolutionary Guards. As president, he had a reputation of being deeply interested in the military, budget and administrative details. After the Iraqi army was expelled from Iran in 1982, Khamenei became one of the main opponents of Khomeini's decision to counter-invade into Iraq, an opinion Khamenei shared with Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, with whom he would later conflict during the 2009 Iranian election protests. He was re-elected to a second term in 1985, capturing 85.66% of total votes. In August 1981, President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar were assassinated in an explosion. Ali Khamenei was then elected as the third president of Iran in the October 1981 Iranian presidential election. He put forward Ali Akbar Velayati as his prime minister, but the Iranian parliament did not give him the vote of confidence, and he was defeated with a vote of 80 to 74. Subsequently, Ali Khamenei, though he had strong disagreements with Mousavi, as a compromise with the left-leaning parliament, agreed to offer him, Mousavi, for the post of premier. On 28 October, the parliament approved Mousavi with a vote of 115 to 39. Mousavi became the 79th prime minister of Iran on 31 October 1981, and remained the prime minister of Iran until 3 August 1989, for eight years. The conflicts between Mousavi, who belonged to the left wing of the Islamic Republic, with Ali Khamenei (the current leader of Iran), who belonged to the right wing of the Islamic Republic, continued during their eight years of shared governance.", "Seyed Javad Khamenei Seyed Javad Khamenei (7 December 1895 \u2013 5 July 1986) () (Seyed Javad Tabrizi) was an Iranian Shia cleric. He was the father of Iran's current supreme leader, Sayyid Ali Khamenei. He was born in the eastern Azerbaijan province of Khamaneh. He attended seminary in Najaf, Qom and Mashhad. After finishing his studies, he settled in the vicinity of Ali ibn Musa (al-Ridha) shrine in Mashhad. He was the imam of the Mashhad in a Turkish (Azerbaijanis) mosque. He had three daughters from his first marriage. After the death of his first wife, he married Khadija Mirdamadi, with whom he had one girl (Badri Khamenel) and four boys (Sayed Mohammad Khamenei, Ali Khamenei, Hadi Khamenei and Sayed Hassan Khamenei). Seyyed Javad Khamenei, eventually passed away at the age of 90 (in summer, 1986). He was buried at the portico, behind Imam Reza shrine, next to Dar-al-Feiz.", "Assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei An assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei occurred on 27 June 1981. When he gave the speech for prayers at the Abuzar Mosque, a bomb in the tape recorder placed in front of him exploded and his arm, vocal cords and lungs were seriously injured. The assassinations in the summer of 1981 commenced by attacking Ali Khamenei and was followed by bombing at headquarters of the Iran Islamic Republic Party (IRP) in Tehran. Five days after Banisadr was deposed, the news of the day was about the Iran\u2013Iraq War after the declaration of armed conflict. On 27 June 1981, while Ali Khamenei had returned from the frontline and had visited the Ayatollah Khomeini, he went to the Abuzar Mosque to give a speech to the prayers as per his Saturday schedule. At that time, he was the Ayatollah Khomeini\u2019s representative at the Supreme Council of National Defense. After the first prayer, Ayatollah Khamenei began to answer questions submitted by listeners. A tape recorder with papers was set on the desk in front of Ali Khamenei by a young man who pressed the play button. After one minute the tape recorder sounded like a loud whistle and then exploded. After the bombing the clerics praying at the mosque said that the tape recorder was divided into two parts and on the inner wall of the tape recorder was written \"the gift of Forqan Group to Islamic republic\". The convalescence of Ayatollah Khamenei took several months and his arm, vocal cords and lungs were seriously injured.", "Khamenei Family Khamenei Family (Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc) is among the Iranian Sayyid families whose lineage is connected to the fourth Imam of Shia Islam, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (Persian/Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646) (known as \"Imam Sajjad\")-- according to \"Khamenei family tree\". Their dwelling place(s) were/are in Azerbaijan (Iran), Najaf, Tafresh, etc. Supreme leader of Iran, Seyyed Ali Khamenei is among the most known individuals of \"Khamenei dynasty\", and is originally regarded as Iranian Azeri; His descent is also known as \"Sadat-e Hosseini\", too, that is likewise joined to the third Shia Imam, Hussain ibn Ali. Seyyed Ali Khamenei's father was Seyyed Javad Khamenei, and his grandfather was Seyyed Hussein who has been burried in Najaf, Iraq (in Wadi-us-Salaam cemetery); and is the son of Seyyed Mohammad. Seyyed Ali's higher grandfather is Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Tafresshi, who is considered among the Sayyids of Aftasi, whose family tree is connected to \"Sultan-al-Ulama Ahmad\" (also known as Seyyed Ahmad). \"Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Tafreshi Khameneiye Tabrizi\" (Persian:", "The first election was a vote among the Assembly of Experts on the 4th of June, 1989 for whom of the two candidates would hold office temporarily, resulting in Khamenei's initial victory. The second election on the 6th of August, 1989, which took place again through the Assembly of Experts after the constitutional reforms to Article 109. The second election confirmed Khamenei as Supreme Leader. Ali Khamenei was running against Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani, a distinguished Grand Ayatollah. In the debates leading up to the vote, the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, advocated for Khamenei, claiming his youth and closeness with Khomeini qualified him beyond his inferior religious qualifications. The Assembly of Experts at the time was widely made up of the Islamic Republic Party members who generally followed Khomeini\u2019s leadership. Ali Khamenei won with 69.76% of the vote. Following the constitutional changes and inauguration of Khamenei, there were many media and official inquiries regarding the qualifications of Khamenei. Video clips of Khamenei admitting a possible lack of qualification and only being elected for one year promoted public tension surrounding his election, though this did not heavily affect his candidacy or position. On 8 January 2018, during the 2017\u201318 Iranian protests, a video from 1989 showing Ali Khamenei before the Assembly of Experts as part of the Supreme Leader elections saying he was not religiously qualified to be Supreme leader, prior to his appointment to the post. Khamenei, who was ranked as a Hujjat al-Islam and not a Marja' as required by the Iranian constitution, said he would only be a \"ceremonial leader\", and was reassured by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani"], "answer": {"text": "Khamenei's era has differed from that of his predecessor. He has, however, continued Khomeini's policy of \"balancing one group against another,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a2f43975a2fa421682c631d34e71caee_0_q#1", "question": "What time period did this occur?", "rewrite": "What time period did Khamenei's era occur?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On October 5, 2007, Los Angeles Deputy District Attorney Jeffrey Boxer announced that Danny Bonaduce would not be charged in the incident, stating that there was \"insufficient evidence\" that Bonaduce committed battery. He also noted that Bonaduce's \"actions fell within the realm of self-defense\" because Fairplay had initiated contact and acted offensively toward Bonaduce. At the 2008 Reality Awards, Fairplay and Bonaduce joked about the previous year's altercation, with Fairplay kissing Bonaduce on the lips. Bonaduce then spit out an object that he joked was another one of Fairplay's teeth, before picking him up again, wishing the audience a good night, and carrying him off stage. On January 3, 2008, it was announced that Fairplay was the only pre-\"\" castaway who accepted an offer to join the tribe of returning contestants in \"\", the show's 16th season. However, Fairplay asked his tribe to vote him off in the first episode so that he could return to his pregnant girlfriend. Fairplay did not participate in \"\" in 2010. When asked about the reason for this, Jeff Probst remarked, \"The reason that Fairplay isn't here is that this season is called \"Heroes vs. Villains\", not \"Survivor Quitters\".\" Fairplay acknowledged in a 2010 interview that there is animosity between himself and Probst, stating, \"It's no secret that Jeff Probst hates me, and I don't go out of my way to be his friend either.\" In 2013, Fairplay was inducted into the Xfinity \"\"Survivor\" Hall of Fame,\" alongside Kim Spradlin and John Cochran. Fairplay was the only non-winner inducted into the Class of 2013.", "Fairplay For All Foundation The Fairplay For All Foundation (FFA) is a non-stock, non-profit, non-government organization working in the community of Payatas in the Philippines. Payatas is known as the home of the country's largest open dump site. Residents are very poor and overall the area scores 0.4179 on the Human Development Index, similar to the scores of the poorest countries in the world, while the Philippines overall scores 0.74 (Regalario, 2002). Fairplay's main objective is to help develop the community to sustainably and holistically break the cycle of poverty. Its programs include a grassroots football team, Payatas Football Club, a registered Alternative Learning Center (the Fairplay School), and the Fairplay Cafe which serves healthy and delicious food in the community and outside of Payatas to offices, businesses, and sports clinics. With its name reminiscent of Fair Play campaigns in football culture, Fairplay's vision is to achieve a \u201clevel playing field on and off the pitch\u201d\u2014that is, creating an environment where students and residents can develop, learn, and grow to break their own cycle of poverty. With the rising popularity of the Azkals, the Philippine National Men\u2019s Football Team, football gained popularity in the Philippines. Roy Moore, a British national and graduate student, had previously done volunteer work in the country and saw this as an opportunity to form a team in Payatas as many of the kids were interested in learning to play. During this time Moore was introduced to Naomi Tomlinson, who had previously done volunteer work in Mindanao and also founded Triple E, a fund raising charity based in England that aimed to help street children in the Philippines. This led to a partnership between Moore and Tomlinson and the founding of the Fairplay For All Foundation.", "One month later, Fairplay and the Hardkore Kidd defeated Frankie Kazarian. Dalton also made an appearance in Ring of Honor, an American professional wrestling promotion, on March 31, 2007 in Detroit, Michigan. On April 1, 2011, Fairplay made an appearance for Dragon Gate USA, endorsing Jimmy Rave as the promotion's next breakout star. After Rave was defeated in a match by Arik Cannon, Fairplay entered the ring, confronted Cannon and got on the receiving end of his finishing maneuver, \"Total Anarchy\". On May 3, 2011, Jonny Fairplay appeared on the debut televised event of WFX Wrestling in a backstage scene in which he swindled U-Gene out of pocket money with a trick reminiscent of his famous \"Survivor\" lie. The following week Fairplay convinced U-Gene to sign a contract making Fairplay his 'manager slash best friend' promising to make him the biggest star in reality television. On the third episode of \"Overload\", Fairplay is overheard by U-Gene while bragging about having stole all of his money. After chasing Fairplay to ringside, U-Gene was physically attacked by Fairplay before he revealed he had used his money to help male bodybuilder and former \"Big Brother\" contestant Jessie Godderz join the roster of \"WFX\". Starting in May 2014, Fairplay has appeared in the West Coast Wrestling Connection as the on-screen manager of Ashton Vuitton. Dalton attended George Washington School in Danville, Virginia, followed by college at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg. Dalton and his wife, Michelle Deighton, a contestant from WWE's Tough Enough 2011 and the fourth season of \"America's Next Top Model\", had a daughter born in 2008, and lived in Providence, North Carolina.", "Fairplay (magazine) Fairplay was a weekly news magazine devoted to the international merchant shipping industry, delivering \u201ccontent tailored for its core audience of ship owners, managers, operators and charterers. \u201c It was founded by Thomas Hope Robinson in 1883 and remained in continual publication until 2018. Since 2011, Fairplay's publishing company IHS Fairplay is a division of IHS Markit. After Thomas Hope Robinson had lost his money at the stock exchange in 1883, he tried a new career as publisher by starting Fairplay weekly with borrowed money. His intention was to \u201cspeak out, loud and bold \u2026 for the shipowner, as an advocate, not a judge\u201d. In the first issue he wrote: \"There is so little Fairplay in the world. If our own efforts succeed, we shall have taken the first steps towards promoting the habit of calling things by their right name and looking at them through uncoloured spectacles. \" The enterprise was successful and soon increased in size and revenue. The publisher's son Gordon Hope Robinson (died 1953) took over in 1912 and Fairplay remained a family business until 1973. It was then taken over by the Financial Times before a management buyout in 1978 created Prime Publications. The company began publishing directories in the 1960s and data management became a sector of growing importance, resulting in the 1964 cooperation with International Shipping Information Services, which became FIRS, Fairplay International Research and Statistics. In 1973, the Fairplay company was taken over by the Financial Times group, before a management buy-out in 1979, one of the first in the UK, transferred ownership to Prime Publications. Prime improved the data management sector by storing information in databases and started to sell directories on CD-Rom in the 1990s. Fairplay was the first maritime publication to start an internet and email daily news service, in 1996.", "Bonaduce, a black belt in Tang Soo Do, adjusted his balance and grip, and threw Fairplay over his head. Fairplay fell to the floor, face first, unable to halt his fall with his hands due to the microphone he was holding. Fairplay stood up after a few moments and staggered before slowly walking off stage, his back to the audience. Bonaduce then smiled and proceeded to make faces and exaggerated shrugging motions at the audience before walking off stage. Bonaduce later said the two had never previously had any negative altercations or words, but that they had met occasionally in the past. He said he had never liked Fairplay, mostly because Fairplay, true to his form, had lied about his grandmother's death during his first run on \"Survivor\". While Bonaduce did not believe Fairplay was significantly hurt at the time, TMZ.com confirmed that Fairplay bled significantly, lost some teeth and suffered a broken toe. Fairplay pressed charges, and a felony battery investigation was opened by the police. On October 5, 2007, the L.A. District Attorney's office concluded that there was insufficient evidence to prove Bonaduce had committed battery, because the contact had been initiated by Fairplay and Bonaduce had acted in self-defense. As an adult, Bonaduce boxed Donny Osmond and former Brady Barry Williams in separate charity events. Both contests were won by Bonaduce, gaining a decision over Osmond and a TKO over Williams. On June 11, 2007, it was announced that Bonaduce would box attorney Robert Shapiro for a charitable event. On September 13, 2008, \"Reverend\" Bob Levy was defeated by Bonaduce by a TKO in the second one-minute round of a planned three-round fight."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Ali Khamenei?", "answer": {"text": "Khamenei's era has differed from that of his predecessor. He has, however, continued Khomeini's policy of \"balancing one group against another,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2f43975a2fa421682c631d34e71caee_0_q#2", "question": "Did he hold any political office?", "rewrite": "Ali Khamenei hold any political office?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Khamenei helped guide the country during the Iran\u2013Iraq War in the 1980s, and developed close ties with the now-powerful Revolutionary Guards. As president, he had a reputation of being deeply interested in the military, budget and administrative details. After the Iraqi army was expelled from Iran in 1982, Khamenei became one of the main opponents of Khomeini's decision to counter-invade into Iraq, an opinion Khamenei shared with Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, with whom he would later conflict during the 2009 Iranian election protests. He was re-elected to a second term in 1985, capturing 85.66% of total votes. In August 1981, President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar were assassinated in an explosion. Ali Khamenei was then elected as the third president of Iran in the October 1981 Iranian presidential election. He put forward Ali Akbar Velayati as his prime minister, but the Iranian parliament did not give him the vote of confidence, and he was defeated with a vote of 80 to 74. Subsequently, Ali Khamenei, though he had strong disagreements with Mousavi, as a compromise with the left-leaning parliament, agreed to offer him, Mousavi, for the post of premier. On 28 October, the parliament approved Mousavi with a vote of 115 to 39. Mousavi became the 79th prime minister of Iran on 31 October 1981, and remained the prime minister of Iran until 3 August 1989, for eight years. The conflicts between Mousavi, who belonged to the left wing of the Islamic Republic, with Ali Khamenei (the current leader of Iran), who belonged to the right wing of the Islamic Republic, continued during their eight years of shared governance.", "Seyed Javad Khamenei Seyed Javad Khamenei (7 December 1895 \u2013 5 July 1986) () (Seyed Javad Tabrizi) was an Iranian Shia cleric. He was the father of Iran's current supreme leader, Sayyid Ali Khamenei. He was born in the eastern Azerbaijan province of Khamaneh. He attended seminary in Najaf, Qom and Mashhad. After finishing his studies, he settled in the vicinity of Ali ibn Musa (al-Ridha) shrine in Mashhad. He was the imam of the Mashhad in a Turkish (Azerbaijanis) mosque. He had three daughters from his first marriage. After the death of his first wife, he married Khadija Mirdamadi, with whom he had one girl (Badri Khamenel) and four boys (Sayed Mohammad Khamenei, Ali Khamenei, Hadi Khamenei and Sayed Hassan Khamenei). Seyyed Javad Khamenei, eventually passed away at the age of 90 (in summer, 1986). He was buried at the portico, behind Imam Reza shrine, next to Dar-al-Feiz.", "Khamenei Family Khamenei Family (Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc) is among the Iranian Sayyid families whose lineage is connected to the fourth Imam of Shia Islam, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (Persian/Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646) (known as \"Imam Sajjad\")-- according to \"Khamenei family tree\". Their dwelling place(s) were/are in Azerbaijan (Iran), Najaf, Tafresh, etc. Supreme leader of Iran, Seyyed Ali Khamenei is among the most known individuals of \"Khamenei dynasty\", and is originally regarded as Iranian Azeri; His descent is also known as \"Sadat-e Hosseini\", too, that is likewise joined to the third Shia Imam, Hussain ibn Ali. Seyyed Ali Khamenei's father was Seyyed Javad Khamenei, and his grandfather was Seyyed Hussein who has been burried in Najaf, Iraq (in Wadi-us-Salaam cemetery); and is the son of Seyyed Mohammad. Seyyed Ali's higher grandfather is Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Tafresshi, who is considered among the Sayyids of Aftasi, whose family tree is connected to \"Sultan-al-Ulama Ahmad\" (also known as Seyyed Ahmad). \"Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Tafreshi Khameneiye Tabrizi\" (Persian:", "Assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei An assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei occurred on 27 June 1981. When he gave the speech for prayers at the Abuzar Mosque, a bomb in the tape recorder placed in front of him exploded and his arm, vocal cords and lungs were seriously injured. The assassinations in the summer of 1981 commenced by attacking Ali Khamenei and was followed by bombing at headquarters of the Iran Islamic Republic Party (IRP) in Tehran. Five days after Banisadr was deposed, the news of the day was about the Iran\u2013Iraq War after the declaration of armed conflict. On 27 June 1981, while Ali Khamenei had returned from the frontline and had visited the Ayatollah Khomeini, he went to the Abuzar Mosque to give a speech to the prayers as per his Saturday schedule. At that time, he was the Ayatollah Khomeini\u2019s representative at the Supreme Council of National Defense. After the first prayer, Ayatollah Khamenei began to answer questions submitted by listeners. A tape recorder with papers was set on the desk in front of Ali Khamenei by a young man who pressed the play button. After one minute the tape recorder sounded like a loud whistle and then exploded. After the bombing the clerics praying at the mosque said that the tape recorder was divided into two parts and on the inner wall of the tape recorder was written \"the gift of Forqan Group to Islamic republic\". The convalescence of Ayatollah Khamenei took several months and his arm, vocal cords and lungs were seriously injured.", "The first election was a vote among the Assembly of Experts on the 4th of June, 1989 for whom of the two candidates would hold office temporarily, resulting in Khamenei's initial victory. The second election on the 6th of August, 1989, which took place again through the Assembly of Experts after the constitutional reforms to Article 109. The second election confirmed Khamenei as Supreme Leader. Ali Khamenei was running against Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani, a distinguished Grand Ayatollah. In the debates leading up to the vote, the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, advocated for Khamenei, claiming his youth and closeness with Khomeini qualified him beyond his inferior religious qualifications. The Assembly of Experts at the time was widely made up of the Islamic Republic Party members who generally followed Khomeini\u2019s leadership. Ali Khamenei won with 69.76% of the vote. Following the constitutional changes and inauguration of Khamenei, there were many media and official inquiries regarding the qualifications of Khamenei. Video clips of Khamenei admitting a possible lack of qualification and only being elected for one year promoted public tension surrounding his election, though this did not heavily affect his candidacy or position. On 8 January 2018, during the 2017\u201318 Iranian protests, a video from 1989 showing Ali Khamenei before the Assembly of Experts as part of the Supreme Leader elections saying he was not religiously qualified to be Supreme leader, prior to his appointment to the post. Khamenei, who was ranked as a Hujjat al-Islam and not a Marja' as required by the Iranian constitution, said he would only be a \"ceremonial leader\", and was reassured by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani"], "answer": {"text": "\"[Khamenei] [took] many of the powers of the presidency with him and [turned] the office of the supreme leader into the omnipotent overseer of Iran's political scene\".", "answer_start": 508}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Ali Khamenei?", "answer": {"text": "Khamenei's era has differed from that of his predecessor. He has, however, continued Khomeini's policy of \"balancing one group against another,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What time period did this occur?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2f43975a2fa421682c631d34e71caee_0_q#3", "question": "Was he ever arrested?", "rewrite": "Was Ali Khamenei ever arrested?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei An assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei occurred on 27 June 1981. When he gave the speech for prayers at the Abuzar Mosque, a bomb in the tape recorder placed in front of him exploded and his arm, vocal cords and lungs were seriously injured. The assassinations in the summer of 1981 commenced by attacking Ali Khamenei and was followed by bombing at headquarters of the Iran Islamic Republic Party (IRP) in Tehran. Five days after Banisadr was deposed, the news of the day was about the Iran\u2013Iraq War after the declaration of armed conflict. On 27 June 1981, while Ali Khamenei had returned from the frontline and had visited the Ayatollah Khomeini, he went to the Abuzar Mosque to give a speech to the prayers as per his Saturday schedule. At that time, he was the Ayatollah Khomeini\u2019s representative at the Supreme Council of National Defense. After the first prayer, Ayatollah Khamenei began to answer questions submitted by listeners. A tape recorder with papers was set on the desk in front of Ali Khamenei by a young man who pressed the play button. After one minute the tape recorder sounded like a loud whistle and then exploded. After the bombing the clerics praying at the mosque said that the tape recorder was divided into two parts and on the inner wall of the tape recorder was written \"the gift of Forqan Group to Islamic republic\". The convalescence of Ayatollah Khamenei took several months and his arm, vocal cords and lungs were seriously injured.", "The first election was a vote among the Assembly of Experts on the 4th of June, 1989 for whom of the two candidates would hold office temporarily, resulting in Khamenei's initial victory. The second election on the 6th of August, 1989, which took place again through the Assembly of Experts after the constitutional reforms to Article 109. The second election confirmed Khamenei as Supreme Leader. Ali Khamenei was running against Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani, a distinguished Grand Ayatollah. In the debates leading up to the vote, the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, advocated for Khamenei, claiming his youth and closeness with Khomeini qualified him beyond his inferior religious qualifications. The Assembly of Experts at the time was widely made up of the Islamic Republic Party members who generally followed Khomeini\u2019s leadership. Ali Khamenei won with 69.76% of the vote. Following the constitutional changes and inauguration of Khamenei, there were many media and official inquiries regarding the qualifications of Khamenei. Video clips of Khamenei admitting a possible lack of qualification and only being elected for one year promoted public tension surrounding his election, though this did not heavily affect his candidacy or position. On 8 January 2018, during the 2017\u201318 Iranian protests, a video from 1989 showing Ali Khamenei before the Assembly of Experts as part of the Supreme Leader elections saying he was not religiously qualified to be Supreme leader, prior to his appointment to the post. Khamenei, who was ranked as a Hujjat al-Islam and not a Marja' as required by the Iranian constitution, said he would only be a \"ceremonial leader\", and was reassured by Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani", "Khamenei Family Khamenei Family (Persian: \u062e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc) is among the Iranian Sayyid families whose lineage is connected to the fourth Imam of Shia Islam, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (Persian/Arabic: \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646) (known as \"Imam Sajjad\")-- according to \"Khamenei family tree\". Their dwelling place(s) were/are in Azerbaijan (Iran), Najaf, Tafresh, etc. Supreme leader of Iran, Seyyed Ali Khamenei is among the most known individuals of \"Khamenei dynasty\", and is originally regarded as Iranian Azeri; His descent is also known as \"Sadat-e Hosseini\", too, that is likewise joined to the third Shia Imam, Hussain ibn Ali. Seyyed Ali Khamenei's father was Seyyed Javad Khamenei, and his grandfather was Seyyed Hussein who has been burried in Najaf, Iraq (in Wadi-us-Salaam cemetery); and is the son of Seyyed Mohammad. Seyyed Ali's higher grandfather is Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Tafresshi, who is considered among the Sayyids of Aftasi, whose family tree is connected to \"Sultan-al-Ulama Ahmad\" (also known as Seyyed Ahmad). \"Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Tafreshi Khameneiye Tabrizi\" (Persian:", "Seyed Javad Khamenei Seyed Javad Khamenei (7 December 1895 \u2013 5 July 1986) () (Seyed Javad Tabrizi) was an Iranian Shia cleric. He was the father of Iran's current supreme leader, Sayyid Ali Khamenei. He was born in the eastern Azerbaijan province of Khamaneh. He attended seminary in Najaf, Qom and Mashhad. After finishing his studies, he settled in the vicinity of Ali ibn Musa (al-Ridha) shrine in Mashhad. He was the imam of the Mashhad in a Turkish (Azerbaijanis) mosque. He had three daughters from his first marriage. After the death of his first wife, he married Khadija Mirdamadi, with whom he had one girl (Badri Khamenel) and four boys (Sayed Mohammad Khamenei, Ali Khamenei, Hadi Khamenei and Sayed Hassan Khamenei). Seyyed Javad Khamenei, eventually passed away at the age of 90 (in summer, 1986). He was buried at the portico, behind Imam Reza shrine, next to Dar-al-Feiz.", "Khamenei helped guide the country during the Iran\u2013Iraq War in the 1980s, and developed close ties with the now-powerful Revolutionary Guards. As president, he had a reputation of being deeply interested in the military, budget and administrative details. After the Iraqi army was expelled from Iran in 1982, Khamenei became one of the main opponents of Khomeini's decision to counter-invade into Iraq, an opinion Khamenei shared with Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, with whom he would later conflict during the 2009 Iranian election protests. He was re-elected to a second term in 1985, capturing 85.66% of total votes. In August 1981, President Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Prime Minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar were assassinated in an explosion. Ali Khamenei was then elected as the third president of Iran in the October 1981 Iranian presidential election. He put forward Ali Akbar Velayati as his prime minister, but the Iranian parliament did not give him the vote of confidence, and he was defeated with a vote of 80 to 74. Subsequently, Ali Khamenei, though he had strong disagreements with Mousavi, as a compromise with the left-leaning parliament, agreed to offer him, Mousavi, for the post of premier. On 28 October, the parliament approved Mousavi with a vote of 115 to 39. Mousavi became the 79th prime minister of Iran on 31 October 1981, and remained the prime minister of Iran until 3 August 1989, for eight years. The conflicts between Mousavi, who belonged to the left wing of the Islamic Republic, with Ali Khamenei (the current leader of Iran), who belonged to the right wing of the Islamic Republic, continued during their eight years of shared governance."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Ali Khamenei?", "answer": {"text": "Khamenei's era has differed from that of his predecessor. He has, however, continued Khomeini's policy of \"balancing one group against another,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What time period did this occur?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he hold any political office?", "answer": {"text": "\"[Khamenei] [took] many of the powers of the presidency with him and [turned] the office of the supreme leader into the omnipotent overseer of Iran's political scene\".", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_716ecc184e1b46299526e3451ae4328c_0_q#0", "question": "what is temps adept floridum?", "rewrite": "what is temps adept floridum?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2014 Tasmanian state election The 2014 Tasmanian state election was held on 15 March 2014 to elect all 25 members to the House of Assembly. The 16-year incumbent Labor government, led by the Premier of Tasmania Lara Giddings, sought to win a fifth consecutive term against the Liberal opposition, led by Opposition Leader Will Hodgman. Also contesting the election was the Greens led by Nick McKim. The Palmer United Party made a significant effort in the election. The House of Assembly uses the proportional Hare-Clark system to elect 25 members in five constituencies electing five members each. Elections to the Legislative Council are conducted separately from House of Assembly elections. The election was conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission. Before the election, Hodgman had indicated that he would only govern in majority. ABC News election analyst Antony Green suggested Hodgman's promise could have come back to haunt him if Palmer United were to siphon off enough votes to deny the Liberals enough seats for a majority in their own right. However, this became moot after the Liberals picked up an additional seat in every electorate except Denison, assuring them a majority. By 10:00 pm on election night, with the Liberals assured of winning at least 14 seats, Giddings conceded defeat on behalf of Labor. Ultimately, the Liberals won 15 seats, a decisive majority. Although this was just two more seats than necessary for a majority, under Tasmanian electoral practice of the time, winning 15 seats was considered a comprehensive victory. Hodgman took office on 31 March 2014, becoming only the fifth non-Labor premier in 80 years and only the third to govern in majority. Later, Giddings resigned as Labor party leader, and was succeeded by outgoing Deputy Premier Bryan Green on 31 March 2014.", "Memecylon floridum Memecylon floridum is a species of plant in the Myrtales order Melastomataceae family. It is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. It is threatened by habitat loss.", "Carenum floridum Carenum floridum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Scaritinae. It was described by Sloane in 1917.", "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"), a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582. Piae Cantiones is a collection of seventy-four songs compiled by Jaakko Suomalainen, the Protestant headmaster of Turku Cathedral School, and published by Theodoric Petri, a young Catholic printer. The book is a unique document of European songs intended not only for use in church, but also schools, thus making the collection a unique record of the late medieval period. A text beginning substantially the same as the 1582 \"Piae\" version is also found in the German manuscript collection Carmina Burana as CB 142, where it is substantially more carnal; CB 142 has clerics and virgins playing the \"game of Venus\" (goddess of love) in the meadows, while in the Piae version they are praising the Lord from the bottom of their hearts. The text of Neale's carol bears no relationship to the words of \"Tempus Adest Floridum\". In or around 1853, G. J. R. Gordon, the British envoy and minister in Stockholm, gave a rare copy of the 1582 edition of Piae Cantiones to Neale, who was Warden of Sackville College, East Grinstead, Sussex and to the Reverend Thomas Helmore (Vice-Principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea). The book was entirely unknown in England at that time. Neale translated some of the carols and hymns, and in 1853, he and Helmore published twelve carols in Carols for Christmas-tide (with music from Piae Cantiones).", "These cues can include responses to predators, habitat, high population density, and food availability The increase in size of Northern American red squirrels is a great example of an adaptive maternal effect producing a phenotype that resulted in an increased fitness. The adaptive maternal effect was induced by the mothers sensing the high population density and correlating it to low food availability per individual. Her offspring were on average larger than other squirrels of the same species; they also grew faster. Ultimately, the squirrels born during this period of high population density showed an increased survival rate (and therefore fitness) during their first winter. When analyzing the types of changes that can occur to a phenotype, we can see changes that are behavioral, morphological, or physiological. A characteristic of the phenotype that arises through adaptive maternal effects, is the plasticity of this phenotype. Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to adjust their phenotype to various environments, thereby enhancing their fitness to changing environmental conditions. Ultimately it is a key attribute to an organism\u2019s, and a population\u2019s, ability to adapt to short term environmental change. Phenotypic plasticity can be seen in many organisms, one species that exemplifies this concept is the seed beetle \"Stator limbatus\". This seed beetle reproduces on different host plants, two of the more common ones being \"Cercidium floridum\" and \"Acacia greggii\". When \"C. floridum\" is the host plant, there is selection for a large egg size; when \"A. greggii\" is the host plant, there is a selection for a smaller egg size."], "answer": {"text": "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"),", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_716ecc184e1b46299526e3451ae4328c_0_q#1", "question": "what is special about the tune?", "rewrite": "what is special about the tune \"Tempus adest floridum\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This encouraged the suspicion that anyone such as Neale was an agent of the Vatican, assigned to destroy Anglicanism by subverting it from within. In 1857, Neale was attacked and mauled at a funeral of one of the Sisters. From time to time unruly crowds threatened to stone him or to burn his house. He received no honour or preferment in England, and his doctorate was bestowed by Trinity College (Connecticut). However, his basic goodness eventually won the confidence of many who had fiercely opposed him, and the Sisterhood of St Margaret survived and prospered. He was also the principal founder of the Anglican and Eastern Churches Association, a religious organization founded as the Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Churches Union in 1864. A result of this organisation was the \"Hymns of the Eastern Church\", edited by John Mason Neale and published in 1865. Neale was strongly high church in his sympathies, and had to endure a good deal of opposition, including a fourteen years' inhibition by his bishop. Neale translated the Eastern liturgies into English, and wrote a mystical and devotional commentary on the Psalms. However, he is best known as a hymnwriter and, especially, translator, having enriched English hymnody with many ancient and mediaeval hymns translated from Latin and Greek. For example, the melody of Good King Wenceslas originates from a medieval Latin springtime poem, Tempus adest floridum. More than anyone else, he made English-speaking congregations aware of the centuries-old tradition of Latin, Greek, Russian, and Syrian hymns. The 1875 edition of the \"Hymns Ancient and Modern\" contains 58 of his translated hymns; \"The English Hymnal\" (1906) contains 63 of his translated hymns and six original hymns by Neale.", "Carols of All Seasons  Carols of All Seasons is a 1959 studio album by American folk singer Jean Ritchie. It was recorded with two classical musicians, which is not unusual for the late 1950s. The sound anticipates the slightly baroque arrangements that Shirley Collins would later use on \"Anthems in Eden\". As well as some often heard carols, there are some rare ones (\"Dame Get up and Bake Your Pies\") and four unique ones - carols that Jean had learned while she was a child in the Appalachian mountains. In particular \"Cherry Tree of Cumberland\" has a haunting quality. \" The Flower Carol\" (Tempus adest floridum) is the song that originally owned the tune \"Good King Wenceslas\" before Rev J.M. Neale substituted new words in 1853. It is very rarely heard. At the time Jean was the only singer to accompany herself on mountain dulcimer. This can heard on \"Children Go Where I Send Thee\" and \"The May Day Carol\". Liner notes by Jean Ritchie. The album was reissued in 1997 as Carols for All Seasons. Jean Ritchie (vocals, lap dulcimer), Robert Abramson (harpsichord), LaNoue Davenport (recorder).", "In 1854, they published a dozen more in Carols for Easter-tide and it was in these collections that Neale's original hymn was first published. The tune has also been used for the Christmas hymn Mary Gently Laid Her Child, by Joseph S. Cook (1859-1933); GIA's hymnal, Worship uses \"Tempus Adest Floridum\" only for Cook's hymn.", "The songs of \"Piae Cantiones\" were popular in Finnish schools until the 19th century but fell gradually into disuse. However, a newly awakened interest in this old music has made them quite popular and they belong to the standard repertoire of any Finnish or Swedish choir. Many of Hemming's translations are present (with some modernization) in the official book of anthems of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In this way, \"Piae Cantiones\" still enriches Finnish spiritual life. In 1853 the British ambassador to Sweden, G. J. R. Gordon, returned to England with a copy of the 1582 edition, which he presented to John Mason Neale, well known for his interest in early music. He in turn passed it on to Thomas Helmore whom he knew to be expert in the interpretation of the mensural notation in which the tunes were given. On receiving the tunes in modern notation Neale translated the texts into English, or in a few cases wrote completely new texts. Neale and Helmore published 12 of these tunes in that same year as \"Carols for Christmastide\", and the following year 12 more as \"Carols for Eastertide\". The Christmas set included \"Christ was born on Christmas Day\" from \"Resonet in laudibus\", \" Good Christian men, rejoice\" from \" In dulci jubilo\", and \"Good King Wenceslas\" as completely new words for the spring carol \"Tempus adest floridum\". The Easter set included \"Let the song be begun\" from \"Personent hodie\".", "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"), a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582. Piae Cantiones is a collection of seventy-four songs compiled by Jaakko Suomalainen, the Protestant headmaster of Turku Cathedral School, and published by Theodoric Petri, a young Catholic printer. The book is a unique document of European songs intended not only for use in church, but also schools, thus making the collection a unique record of the late medieval period. A text beginning substantially the same as the 1582 \"Piae\" version is also found in the German manuscript collection Carmina Burana as CB 142, where it is substantially more carnal; CB 142 has clerics and virgins playing the \"game of Venus\" (goddess of love) in the meadows, while in the Piae version they are praising the Lord from the bottom of their hearts. The text of Neale's carol bears no relationship to the words of \"Tempus Adest Floridum\". In or around 1853, G. J. R. Gordon, the British envoy and minister in Stockholm, gave a rare copy of the 1582 edition of Piae Cantiones to Neale, who was Warden of Sackville College, East Grinstead, Sussex and to the Reverend Thomas Helmore (Vice-Principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea). The book was entirely unknown in England at that time. Neale translated some of the carols and hymns, and in 1853, he and Helmore published twelve carols in Carols for Christmas-tide (with music from Piae Cantiones)."], "answer": {"text": "a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582.", "answer_start": 74}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what is temps adept floridum?", "answer": {"text": "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_716ecc184e1b46299526e3451ae4328c_0_q#2", "question": "was this song popular?", "rewrite": "was \"Tempus adest floridum\" popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"), a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582. Piae Cantiones is a collection of seventy-four songs compiled by Jaakko Suomalainen, the Protestant headmaster of Turku Cathedral School, and published by Theodoric Petri, a young Catholic printer. The book is a unique document of European songs intended not only for use in church, but also schools, thus making the collection a unique record of the late medieval period. A text beginning substantially the same as the 1582 \"Piae\" version is also found in the German manuscript collection Carmina Burana as CB 142, where it is substantially more carnal; CB 142 has clerics and virgins playing the \"game of Venus\" (goddess of love) in the meadows, while in the Piae version they are praising the Lord from the bottom of their hearts. The text of Neale's carol bears no relationship to the words of \"Tempus Adest Floridum\". In or around 1853, G. J. R. Gordon, the British envoy and minister in Stockholm, gave a rare copy of the 1582 edition of Piae Cantiones to Neale, who was Warden of Sackville College, East Grinstead, Sussex and to the Reverend Thomas Helmore (Vice-Principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea). The book was entirely unknown in England at that time. Neale translated some of the carols and hymns, and in 1853, he and Helmore published twelve carols in Carols for Christmas-tide (with music from Piae Cantiones).", "In 1854, they published a dozen more in Carols for Easter-tide and it was in these collections that Neale's original hymn was first published. The tune has also been used for the Christmas hymn Mary Gently Laid Her Child, by Joseph S. Cook (1859-1933); GIA's hymnal, Worship uses \"Tempus Adest Floridum\" only for Cook's hymn.", "Carols of All Seasons  Carols of All Seasons is a 1959 studio album by American folk singer Jean Ritchie. It was recorded with two classical musicians, which is not unusual for the late 1950s. The sound anticipates the slightly baroque arrangements that Shirley Collins would later use on \"Anthems in Eden\". As well as some often heard carols, there are some rare ones (\"Dame Get up and Bake Your Pies\") and four unique ones - carols that Jean had learned while she was a child in the Appalachian mountains. In particular \"Cherry Tree of Cumberland\" has a haunting quality. \" The Flower Carol\" (Tempus adest floridum) is the song that originally owned the tune \"Good King Wenceslas\" before Rev J.M. Neale substituted new words in 1853. It is very rarely heard. At the time Jean was the only singer to accompany herself on mountain dulcimer. This can heard on \"Children Go Where I Send Thee\" and \"The May Day Carol\". Liner notes by Jean Ritchie. The album was reissued in 1997 as Carols for All Seasons. Jean Ritchie (vocals, lap dulcimer), Robert Abramson (harpsichord), LaNoue Davenport (recorder).", "The songs of \"Piae Cantiones\" were popular in Finnish schools until the 19th century but fell gradually into disuse. However, a newly awakened interest in this old music has made them quite popular and they belong to the standard repertoire of any Finnish or Swedish choir. Many of Hemming's translations are present (with some modernization) in the official book of anthems of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In this way, \"Piae Cantiones\" still enriches Finnish spiritual life. In 1853 the British ambassador to Sweden, G. J. R. Gordon, returned to England with a copy of the 1582 edition, which he presented to John Mason Neale, well known for his interest in early music. He in turn passed it on to Thomas Helmore whom he knew to be expert in the interpretation of the mensural notation in which the tunes were given. On receiving the tunes in modern notation Neale translated the texts into English, or in a few cases wrote completely new texts. Neale and Helmore published 12 of these tunes in that same year as \"Carols for Christmastide\", and the following year 12 more as \"Carols for Eastertide\". The Christmas set included \"Christ was born on Christmas Day\" from \"Resonet in laudibus\", \" Good Christian men, rejoice\" from \" In dulci jubilo\", and \"Good King Wenceslas\" as completely new words for the spring carol \"Tempus adest floridum\". The Easter set included \"Let the song be begun\" from \"Personent hodie\".", "This encouraged the suspicion that anyone such as Neale was an agent of the Vatican, assigned to destroy Anglicanism by subverting it from within. In 1857, Neale was attacked and mauled at a funeral of one of the Sisters. From time to time unruly crowds threatened to stone him or to burn his house. He received no honour or preferment in England, and his doctorate was bestowed by Trinity College (Connecticut). However, his basic goodness eventually won the confidence of many who had fiercely opposed him, and the Sisterhood of St Margaret survived and prospered. He was also the principal founder of the Anglican and Eastern Churches Association, a religious organization founded as the Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Churches Union in 1864. A result of this organisation was the \"Hymns of the Eastern Church\", edited by John Mason Neale and published in 1865. Neale was strongly high church in his sympathies, and had to endure a good deal of opposition, including a fourteen years' inhibition by his bishop. Neale translated the Eastern liturgies into English, and wrote a mystical and devotional commentary on the Psalms. However, he is best known as a hymnwriter and, especially, translator, having enriched English hymnody with many ancient and mediaeval hymns translated from Latin and Greek. For example, the melody of Good King Wenceslas originates from a medieval Latin springtime poem, Tempus adest floridum. More than anyone else, he made English-speaking congregations aware of the centuries-old tradition of Latin, Greek, Russian, and Syrian hymns. The 1875 edition of the \"Hymns Ancient and Modern\" contains 58 of his translated hymns; \"The English Hymnal\" (1906) contains 63 of his translated hymns and six original hymns by Neale."], "answer": {"text": "The tune has also been used for the Christmas hymn Mary Gently Laid Her Child, by Joseph S. Cook (1859-1933", "answer_start": 143}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is temps adept floridum?", "answer": {"text": "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is special about the tune?", "answer": {"text": "a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_716ecc184e1b46299526e3451ae4328c_0_q#3", "question": "Was it used for anything else?", "rewrite": "Was \"Tempus adest floridum\" used for anything else other than a christmas hymn?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The songs of \"Piae Cantiones\" were popular in Finnish schools until the 19th century but fell gradually into disuse. However, a newly awakened interest in this old music has made them quite popular and they belong to the standard repertoire of any Finnish or Swedish choir. Many of Hemming's translations are present (with some modernization) in the official book of anthems of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In this way, \"Piae Cantiones\" still enriches Finnish spiritual life. In 1853 the British ambassador to Sweden, G. J. R. Gordon, returned to England with a copy of the 1582 edition, which he presented to John Mason Neale, well known for his interest in early music. He in turn passed it on to Thomas Helmore whom he knew to be expert in the interpretation of the mensural notation in which the tunes were given. On receiving the tunes in modern notation Neale translated the texts into English, or in a few cases wrote completely new texts. Neale and Helmore published 12 of these tunes in that same year as \"Carols for Christmastide\", and the following year 12 more as \"Carols for Eastertide\". The Christmas set included \"Christ was born on Christmas Day\" from \"Resonet in laudibus\", \" Good Christian men, rejoice\" from \" In dulci jubilo\", and \"Good King Wenceslas\" as completely new words for the spring carol \"Tempus adest floridum\". The Easter set included \"Let the song be begun\" from \"Personent hodie\".", "He continued as precentor at St. Mark's, however, until 1877. At this time in Anglican and Catholic musical circles, there was a growing interest in plainsong. The sixteenth-century \"Booke of Common Praier Noted\" of John Merbecke was republished in 1844. In the same year, Helmore's friend William Dyce brought out his \"Book of Common Prayer with Plain Song\". Helmore himself resolved to research and contribute. His aim was to create a setting which was authentic, but also well fitted to the text in tempo and accentuation. In 1849 he completed \"The Psalter Noted\", the first of a series of similar works. His \"Primer of Plainsong\" (1877) became to be regarded as the standard work on the subject. In 1853, the British ambassador to Sweden, G. J. R. Gordon, returned to England with a copy of the sixteenth-century song book \"Piae Cantiones\", which he presented to John Mason Neale, known for his interest in early music. He, in turn, passed it on to Helmore whom he knew to be expert in the interpretation of the mensural notation in which the tunes were given. Neale translated the texts into English or, in a few cases, wrote completely new texts. He and Helmore published 12 of these tunes in that same year as \"Carols for Christmastide\", and the following year 12 more as \"Carols for Eastertide\". The Christmas set included \"Christ was born on Christmas Day\" from \"Resonet in laudibus\", \" Good Christian men, rejoice\" from \"In dulci jubilo\" and \"Good King Wenceslas\" as completely new words for the spring carol \"Tempus adest floridum\".", "In 1854, they published a dozen more in Carols for Easter-tide and it was in these collections that Neale's original hymn was first published. The tune has also been used for the Christmas hymn Mary Gently Laid Her Child, by Joseph S. Cook (1859-1933); GIA's hymnal, Worship uses \"Tempus Adest Floridum\" only for Cook's hymn.", "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"), a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582. Piae Cantiones is a collection of seventy-four songs compiled by Jaakko Suomalainen, the Protestant headmaster of Turku Cathedral School, and published by Theodoric Petri, a young Catholic printer. The book is a unique document of European songs intended not only for use in church, but also schools, thus making the collection a unique record of the late medieval period. A text beginning substantially the same as the 1582 \"Piae\" version is also found in the German manuscript collection Carmina Burana as CB 142, where it is substantially more carnal; CB 142 has clerics and virgins playing the \"game of Venus\" (goddess of love) in the meadows, while in the Piae version they are praising the Lord from the bottom of their hearts. The text of Neale's carol bears no relationship to the words of \"Tempus Adest Floridum\". In or around 1853, G. J. R. Gordon, the British envoy and minister in Stockholm, gave a rare copy of the 1582 edition of Piae Cantiones to Neale, who was Warden of Sackville College, East Grinstead, Sussex and to the Reverend Thomas Helmore (Vice-Principal of St. Mark's College, Chelsea). The book was entirely unknown in England at that time. Neale translated some of the carols and hymns, and in 1853, he and Helmore published twelve carols in Carols for Christmas-tide (with music from Piae Cantiones).", "This encouraged the suspicion that anyone such as Neale was an agent of the Vatican, assigned to destroy Anglicanism by subverting it from within. In 1857, Neale was attacked and mauled at a funeral of one of the Sisters. From time to time unruly crowds threatened to stone him or to burn his house. He received no honour or preferment in England, and his doctorate was bestowed by Trinity College (Connecticut). However, his basic goodness eventually won the confidence of many who had fiercely opposed him, and the Sisterhood of St Margaret survived and prospered. He was also the principal founder of the Anglican and Eastern Churches Association, a religious organization founded as the Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Churches Union in 1864. A result of this organisation was the \"Hymns of the Eastern Church\", edited by John Mason Neale and published in 1865. Neale was strongly high church in his sympathies, and had to endure a good deal of opposition, including a fourteen years' inhibition by his bishop. Neale translated the Eastern liturgies into English, and wrote a mystical and devotional commentary on the Psalms. However, he is best known as a hymnwriter and, especially, translator, having enriched English hymnody with many ancient and mediaeval hymns translated from Latin and Greek. For example, the melody of Good King Wenceslas originates from a medieval Latin springtime poem, Tempus adest floridum. More than anyone else, he made English-speaking congregations aware of the centuries-old tradition of Latin, Greek, Russian, and Syrian hymns. The 1875 edition of the \"Hymns Ancient and Modern\" contains 58 of his translated hymns; \"The English Hymnal\" (1906) contains 63 of his translated hymns and six original hymns by Neale."], "answer": {"text": "in 1853, he and Helmore published twelve carols in Carols for Christmas-tide (with music from Piae Cantiones).", "answer_start": 1418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is temps adept floridum?", "answer": {"text": "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is special about the tune?", "answer": {"text": "a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this song popular?", "answer": {"text": "The tune has also been used for the Christmas hymn Mary Gently Laid Her Child, by Joseph S. Cook (1859-1933", "answer_start": 143, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_716ecc184e1b46299526e3451ae4328c_0_q#4", "question": "did he work with anyone else?", "rewrite": "did Joseph S. Cook work with anyone else other than Helmore?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Helmore Air Commodore William Helmore PhD, MS., FCS, F.R.Ae. S., CBE (1 March 1894 \u2013 18 December 1964) was an engineer who had a varied and distinguished career in scientific research with the Air Ministry and the Ministry of Aircraft Production during the Second World War, as a broadcaster, and for two years as Member of Parliament for Watford 1943\u20131945. William Helmore was educated at Blundell's School, the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. Helmore served in the First World War as a gunner and then transferred to the Royal Flying Corps, as an observer and pilot. One result of this experience was his book \"Cavalry of the Air\". After the war he went to Christ's College at Cambridge and obtained a first class (honours) degree in mechanical sciences. In 1922 Helmore was granted a permanent commission in the RAF and developed his interest in scientific research in aviation. He was also involved in the development of aerial refuelling, serving as copilot and hose handler on Sir Alan Cobham's pioneering flight from Portsmouth, England to India on 22 September 1934, also inventing the electrolytic process of forming flame or explosion traps. In 1931 Helmore was awarded the Groves Prize for Aeronautical Research. Helmore retired from the R.A.F. at his own request in 1937 to devote himself to research at Cambridge, but be returned to the active list in August 1939. His appointments included Wing Commander (1 July 1935 Air Commodore (1 March 1937), Honorary Group Captain (21 May 1941) and Honorary Air Commodore. As senior scientific adviser to the Chief of Air Staff from 1939, Helmore was chiefly concerned with defeating the night bomber. Helmore with aeronautical engineer L.E. Baynes, nicknamed \"The Baron\", worked on the development of the Helmore/GEC Turbinlite was", "Basil Helmore Basil Arthur Helmore OBE (28 February 1897 \u2013 4 November 1973) was an Australian solicitor and businessman. Born at Newcastle to company secretary Ernest Arthur James Helmore and Gertrude, \"n\u00e9e\" Allbon, he attended local state schools and in 1913 was first in the state in French and Latin for the Leaving certificate. He became an articled clerk with Sparke & Millard in 1914 but suspended his articles to enlist in the Australian Imperial Force (5 September 1916), in which he became a gunner. After training in England he was sent to the Western Front with the 4th Field Artillery Brigade in August 1917; in October 1918 he began work with the AIF Education Scheme and returned to Sydney in June 1919. Helmore was admitted as a solicitor in November 1920 and became a partner in the firm (now Sparke & Helmore). At Lake Macquarie on 4 November 1922 he married Jessie Wilhelmina Cannington. Helmore also edited four legal textbooks and qualified by correspondence for his Bachelor of Law (1933) and PhD (1955) from the University of London. He was involved in various legal societies as president of the Newcastle Law Society (1957\u201358) and councillor of the Incorporated Law Institute of New South Wales (1953\u201360). Helmore contested the Senate unsuccessfully in 1937 as a United Australia Party candidate; he would also make an unsuccessful attempt to enter the New South Wales Legislative Council in 1948. In 1960 he was elected to the council of the University of Newcastle, which he had helped found; he was later deputy chairman (1965\u201366) and warden of convocation (1967). He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1971. Helmore died at Newcastle in 1973 and was cremated.", "George Helmore George Helmore was a New Zealand Rugby Union player who played for the All Blacks in 1884. Although he never played a test match, he played 7 mathes and scored 16 points. He also played cricket for Canterbury. George Helmore was a Christ's College student and played for the school 1st XV in 1879/80. In 1880 he played his first match for Canterbury. Helmore played 13 times for Canterbury, and many times as captain. He led Canterbury to their two wins over the touring New South Wales side in 1886 and appeared twice in the first two of their three matches against the Great Britain side touring in 1888. Helmore was a utility back and seen as one of the most versatile players to ever appear for New Zealand. He played at wing, centre, inside back, and even in the forwards at times. Helmore was part of the team touring Australia in 1884, his debut coming on 22 may when they played Wellington before the left for Australia. In the First match in Australia Helmore was well involved, scoring three tries in the 33\u20130 win over Cumberland County. They then played New South Wales in Sydney where they won 11\u20130. He was then picked for the match against Northern Districts, scoring a drop goal in the 29\u20130 win. Another match against N.S.W., at Agricultural Society's Ground in Sydney. With a crowd of 6000 watching the All Blacks went out to a 7\u20132 lead at the break. N.S.W. could not pull them back New Zealand winning 21\u20132 and Dumbbell scoring his fourth try of the tour. Dumbbell was picked for the next two games against Western Districts at Bathurst, and N.S.W. at Sydney but he did not score.", "Sparke Helmore Lawyers Sparke Helmore Lawyers is a firm with more than 800 people working from nine offices across Australia, serving the needs of the insurance, government, financial services, technology, mining, construction and property sectors. Its business spans corporate and commercial to construction, workplace to insurance, IP to IPOs, mining to manufacturing, and property to procurement. In 1882, William Sparke started a law firm in Newcastle. In 1922, the firm changed its name to Sparke and Helmore when Basil Helmore became a partner. In 1949 another partner, Peter Withycombe, joined the firm which became known as Sparke, Helmore & Withycombe in 1950. The firm opened the Sydney office in 1962 to meet client demand. In the 1980s, it used its reputation in workers' compensation insurance as a platform to expand into insurance litigation areas, including public liability and some professional indemnity work, and from there into some specialised commercial and government work. In the 1990s, the firm expanded at a significant annual rate in terms of office locations, revenue and staff numbers. The Melbourne office opened in 1992, followed by Canberra in 1996, Brisbane in 1999, Muswellbrook in 2000, Adelaide in 2001, Perth in 2002 and Port Macquarie in 2014. In 2013, it was rated one of the top 10 law firms in terms of employer growth, partner numbers and proportion of female equity partners. Between 1992 and 2001, the firm more than quadrupled in size, growing from a staff of 99 and revenue of $9.75m in 1992 to a staff of 610 and revenue of $65m in 2002/3. In 2017, the firm merged with boutique Perth Insurance firm, Jarman McKenna, continuing to operate under the Sparke Helmore name. Recent firm rankings:  Law Firm of the Year, Australasian Law Awards 2018", "Des Helmore Desmond W. Helmore (born 1940) is a New Zealand artist and illustrator, known both for his fine art and for his scientific work depicting insects, not least illustrating the New Zealand Arthropod Collection. One of the country's most noted and prolific biological illustrators, over 1000 of his illustrations of insects were published in research papers from 1976 to 2006. Helmore was born in Takapau, Hawkes Bay, New Zealand, and lived there on a farm until age 12. Interested in drawing since childhood, he attended Christ's College in Christchurch, and then the Ilam School of Fine Arts at the University of Canterbury from 1959 to 1962, where he was taught by Rudi Gopas, Russell Clark, and Bill Sutton. His fellow students at Ilam included Dick Frizzell, Tony Fomison, and John Panting. In his survey of New Zealand art, Frizzell described Helmore as someone who \"seemed to have already graduated from somewhere else. All that quiet abstract pondering. I [Frizzell] couldn't believe he knew what he was doing, because I certainly didn't. \" At this time Helmore, through beatnik culture, became interested in Zen Buddhism and Taoism. He won a life-painting prize, and graduated in 1963 with a Diploma of Fine Arts (Hons). After working in London from 1967 to 1969, Helmore returned to New Zealand and lived in Auckland for over 40 years. He moved to Hastings in 2018. From 1967 to 1969 Helmore worked as a geographical illustrator at University College London where he learnt the technical aspects of creating maps and illustrations for publication. Upon returning to New Zealand in 1970 he was employed as an entomological illustrator at Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, working alongside the painter Tony Fomison."], "answer": {"text": "collection of seventy-four songs compiled by Jaakko Suomalainen,", "answer_start": 219}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is temps adept floridum?", "answer": {"text": "The tune is that of \"Tempus adest floridum\" (\"It is time for flowering\"),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is special about the tune?", "answer": {"text": "a 13th-century spring carol in 76 76 Doubled Trochaic metre first published in the Finnish song book Piae Cantiones in 1582.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this song popular?", "answer": {"text": "The tune has also been used for the Christmas hymn Mary Gently Laid Her Child, by Joseph S. Cook (1859-1933", "answer_start": 143, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was it used for anything else?", "answer": {"text": "in 1853, he and Helmore published twelve carols in Carols for Christmas-tide (with music from Piae Cantiones).", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59da01905ac94f81814fe47c397c115d_1_q#0", "question": "Can you tell me what year Daniel Barenboim was born?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me what year Daniel Barenboim was born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Argentinian-Jewish parents Aida (nee Schuster) and Enrique Barenboim. He started piano lessons at the age of five with his mother, continuing to study with his father, who remained his only teacher. On 19 August 1950, at the age of seven, he gave his first formal concert in his hometown, Buenos Aires. In 1952, Barenboim's family moved to Israel. Two years later, in the summer of 1954, his parents took him to Salzburg to take part in Igor Markevitch's conducting classes. During that summer he also met and played for Wilhelm Furtwangler, who has remained a central musical influence and ideal for Barenboim. Furtwangler called the young Barenboim a \"phenomenon\" and invited him to perform the Beethoven First Piano Concerto with the Berlin Philharmonic, but Barenboim's father considered it too soon after the Second World War for a child of Jewish parents to be performing in Berlin. In 1955 Barenboim studied harmony and composition with Nadia Boulanger in Paris. On 15 June 1967, Barenboim and British cellist Jacqueline du Pre were married in Jerusalem at a Western Wall ceremony, Du Pre having converted to Judaism. Acting as one of the witnesses was the conductor Zubin Mehta, a long-time friend of Barenboim. Since \"I was not Jewish I had to temporarily be renamed Moshe Cohen, which made me a 'kosher witness',\" Mehta recalled. Du Pre retired from music in 1973, after being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The marriage lasted until du Pre's death in 1987.", "Soundings (Carter) Soundings is an orchestral composition by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for their final season with the conductor Daniel Barenboim as music director. It was first performed on October 6, 2005 at the Symphony Center, Chicago, by Barenboim and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. \"Soundings\" has a duration of roughly ten minutes and is composed in one continuous movement. Carter wrote in the score program note, \"\"Soundings\" celebrates the conductor/pianist Daniel Barenboim, whose Chicago Symphony Orchestra commissioned this score which was written in New York City in 2005. It presents a 'soundings' of the conductor/pianist and of many instrumental groups or soloists within the orchestra and presents them with good humor.\" The work is scored for an orchestra comprising piccolo, two flutes (doubling piccolo), two oboes, cor anglais, two clarinets (first doubling E-flat clarinet, second doubling bass clarinet), contrabass clarinet, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, two percussionists, piano, and strings. Reviewing the world premiere, John von Rhein of the \"Chicago Tribune\" lauded the composition, writing: Andrew Clements of \"The Guardian\" gave the work a more mixed response, however, observing, \" Composed three years ago as a leaving present for Daniel Barenboim when he stepped down as music director of the Chicago Symphony, \"Soundings\" was expressly designed for Barenboim to conduct from the piano like a Mozart concerto. For that reason, it is an odd piece, with little dialogue between the piano and the large orchestra.\"", "What Next?\", in 1997\u201398 for the Berlin State Opera at the behest of conductor Daniel Barenboim. The work premiered in Berlin in 1999 and had its first staging in the United States at the Tanglewood Music Festival in 2006, conducted by James Levine. He later considered writing operas on the themes of communal suicide and a story by Henry James, but abandoned both ideas and resolved to write no more operas. On December 11, 2008, Carter celebrated his 100th birthday at Carnegie Hall in New York, where the Boston Symphony Orchestra and pianist Daniel Barenboim played his \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\", written that year. Between the ages of 90 and 100 he published more than 40 works, and after his 100th birthday he composed at least 20 more. \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\" received its premiere on December 5, 2008, by the BSO, conducted by James Levine and featuring the pianist Daniel Barenboim at Symphony Hall, Boston. Barenboim reprised the work with the BSO at Carnegie Hall in New York in the presence of the composer on his 100th birthday. Carter was also present at the 2009 Aldeburgh Festival to hear the world premiere of his song cycle \"On Conversing with Paradise\", based on Ezra Pound's Canto 81 and one of Pound's 'Notes' intended for later Cantos, and usually published at the end of the Cantos. The premiere was given on June 20, 2009, by the baritone Leigh Melrose and the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group conducted by Oliver Knussen. \"Figment V\" for marimba was premiered in New York on May 2, 2009, by Simon Boyar, and \"Poems of Louis Zukofsky\" for soprano and clarinet had its first performance by Lucy Shelton and Thomas Martin at the Tanglewood Festival on August 9, 2009.", "Dialogues II Dialogues II is a composition for piano and chamber orchestra by the American composer Elliott Carter. It was composed in celebration of the conductor Daniel Barenboim's 70th birthday. The work was first performed at La Scala, Milan on October 25, 2012, by Barenboim on the piano and the Orchestra of La Scala under the conductor Gustavo Dudamel. Composed at the age of 103, \"Dialogues II\" was one of Carter's last completed orchestral compositions before his death in November 2012. The piece is a followup to the composer's 2003 \"Dialogues\", which was a finalist for the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Music. \"Dialogues II\" is composed in a single movement and has a duration of roughly 5 minutes. In dedicating the piece to Daniel Barenboim, Carter wrote in the score program notes, \"The dynamo of enthusiasm that propels his extraordinary musical skills; performing, conducting and imagining new ideas and his views on many varied conceptions make Daniel [Barenboim] a model and an exciting stimulus for us all.\" He concluded, \"I hope a little of that reveals itself in this 70th birthday present.\" The work is scored for solo piano and a chamber orchestra comprising flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, two horns, trumpet, trombone, and strings. Reviewing a performance of the work at Barenboim's 70th birthday concert, Rosie Pentreath of the \"BBC Music Magazine\" declared \"Dialogues II\" \" the only work, one can confidently say, written by a 103-year old.\" She added, \"it is brief, gnomic, and confidently played.\" The composition was also lauded by Keith Bruce of \"The Herald\".", "West\u2013 Eastern Divan Orchestra The West\u2013Eastern Divan Orchestra is an orchestra based in Seville, Spain, consisting of musicians from countries in the Middle East, of Egyptian, Iranian, Israeli, Jordanian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian and Spanish background. It was founded in 1999 by the conductor Daniel Barenboim and academic Edward Said, and named after an anthology of poems by Goethe. Martha Argerich, pianist and longtime performing partner of Barenboim, was named an honorary member of the orchestra in 2015. In 2016, the Barenboim-Said Akademie was established in Berlin, Germany, as a state-accredited music conservatory offering Bachelor of Music degrees and Artist Diplomas. The Akademie, whose president is Daniel Barenboim, is based on the founding aims of the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. The Argentine-Israeli conductor Daniel Barenboim and the late Palestinian-American academic Edward Said founded the orchestra in 1999, and named the ensemble after an anthology of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The first orchestra workshop was in Weimar, Germany, in 1999, after the organisation had received over 200 applications from Arab music students. Barenboim has also expressed interest in musicians from Iran (a non-Arab country but in conflict with Israel) and allocating three chairs for Iranian musicians to play in the orchestra each year. In 2016, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon designated the orchestra as a United Nations Global Advocate for Cultural Understanding, praising the orchestra's push for peace and unity. The orchestra under Barenboim, in the presence of Italian President and Mrs. Giorgio Napolitano, performed for Pope Benedict XVI at the courtyard of the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo 11 July 2012, the abbot Saint Benedict of Nursia's (the founder of the Benedictines)"], "answer": {"text": "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_59da01905ac94f81814fe47c397c115d_1_q#1", "question": "Where was he from?", "rewrite": "Where was Daniel Barenboim from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dialogues II Dialogues II is a composition for piano and chamber orchestra by the American composer Elliott Carter. It was composed in celebration of the conductor Daniel Barenboim's 70th birthday. The work was first performed at La Scala, Milan on October 25, 2012, by Barenboim on the piano and the Orchestra of La Scala under the conductor Gustavo Dudamel. Composed at the age of 103, \"Dialogues II\" was one of Carter's last completed orchestral compositions before his death in November 2012. The piece is a followup to the composer's 2003 \"Dialogues\", which was a finalist for the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Music. \"Dialogues II\" is composed in a single movement and has a duration of roughly 5 minutes. In dedicating the piece to Daniel Barenboim, Carter wrote in the score program notes, \"The dynamo of enthusiasm that propels his extraordinary musical skills; performing, conducting and imagining new ideas and his views on many varied conceptions make Daniel [Barenboim] a model and an exciting stimulus for us all.\" He concluded, \"I hope a little of that reveals itself in this 70th birthday present.\" The work is scored for solo piano and a chamber orchestra comprising flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, two horns, trumpet, trombone, and strings. Reviewing a performance of the work at Barenboim's 70th birthday concert, Rosie Pentreath of the \"BBC Music Magazine\" declared \"Dialogues II\" \" the only work, one can confidently say, written by a 103-year old.\" She added, \"it is brief, gnomic, and confidently played.\" The composition was also lauded by Keith Bruce of \"The Herald\".", "West\u2013 Eastern Divan Orchestra The West\u2013Eastern Divan Orchestra is an orchestra based in Seville, Spain, consisting of musicians from countries in the Middle East, of Egyptian, Iranian, Israeli, Jordanian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian and Spanish background. It was founded in 1999 by the conductor Daniel Barenboim and academic Edward Said, and named after an anthology of poems by Goethe. Martha Argerich, pianist and longtime performing partner of Barenboim, was named an honorary member of the orchestra in 2015. In 2016, the Barenboim-Said Akademie was established in Berlin, Germany, as a state-accredited music conservatory offering Bachelor of Music degrees and Artist Diplomas. The Akademie, whose president is Daniel Barenboim, is based on the founding aims of the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. The Argentine-Israeli conductor Daniel Barenboim and the late Palestinian-American academic Edward Said founded the orchestra in 1999, and named the ensemble after an anthology of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The first orchestra workshop was in Weimar, Germany, in 1999, after the organisation had received over 200 applications from Arab music students. Barenboim has also expressed interest in musicians from Iran (a non-Arab country but in conflict with Israel) and allocating three chairs for Iranian musicians to play in the orchestra each year. In 2016, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon designated the orchestra as a United Nations Global Advocate for Cultural Understanding, praising the orchestra's push for peace and unity. The orchestra under Barenboim, in the presence of Italian President and Mrs. Giorgio Napolitano, performed for Pope Benedict XVI at the courtyard of the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo 11 July 2012, the abbot Saint Benedict of Nursia's (the founder of the Benedictines)", "What Next?\", in 1997\u201398 for the Berlin State Opera at the behest of conductor Daniel Barenboim. The work premiered in Berlin in 1999 and had its first staging in the United States at the Tanglewood Music Festival in 2006, conducted by James Levine. He later considered writing operas on the themes of communal suicide and a story by Henry James, but abandoned both ideas and resolved to write no more operas. On December 11, 2008, Carter celebrated his 100th birthday at Carnegie Hall in New York, where the Boston Symphony Orchestra and pianist Daniel Barenboim played his \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\", written that year. Between the ages of 90 and 100 he published more than 40 works, and after his 100th birthday he composed at least 20 more. \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\" received its premiere on December 5, 2008, by the BSO, conducted by James Levine and featuring the pianist Daniel Barenboim at Symphony Hall, Boston. Barenboim reprised the work with the BSO at Carnegie Hall in New York in the presence of the composer on his 100th birthday. Carter was also present at the 2009 Aldeburgh Festival to hear the world premiere of his song cycle \"On Conversing with Paradise\", based on Ezra Pound's Canto 81 and one of Pound's 'Notes' intended for later Cantos, and usually published at the end of the Cantos. The premiere was given on June 20, 2009, by the baritone Leigh Melrose and the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group conducted by Oliver Knussen. \"Figment V\" for marimba was premiered in New York on May 2, 2009, by Simon Boyar, and \"Poems of Louis Zukofsky\" for soprano and clarinet had its first performance by Lucy Shelton and Thomas Martin at the Tanglewood Festival on August 9, 2009.", "Soundings (Carter) Soundings is an orchestral composition by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for their final season with the conductor Daniel Barenboim as music director. It was first performed on October 6, 2005 at the Symphony Center, Chicago, by Barenboim and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. \"Soundings\" has a duration of roughly ten minutes and is composed in one continuous movement. Carter wrote in the score program note, \"\"Soundings\" celebrates the conductor/pianist Daniel Barenboim, whose Chicago Symphony Orchestra commissioned this score which was written in New York City in 2005. It presents a 'soundings' of the conductor/pianist and of many instrumental groups or soloists within the orchestra and presents them with good humor.\" The work is scored for an orchestra comprising piccolo, two flutes (doubling piccolo), two oboes, cor anglais, two clarinets (first doubling E-flat clarinet, second doubling bass clarinet), contrabass clarinet, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, two percussionists, piano, and strings. Reviewing the world premiere, John von Rhein of the \"Chicago Tribune\" lauded the composition, writing: Andrew Clements of \"The Guardian\" gave the work a more mixed response, however, observing, \" Composed three years ago as a leaving present for Daniel Barenboim when he stepped down as music director of the Chicago Symphony, \"Soundings\" was expressly designed for Barenboim to conduct from the piano like a Mozart concerto. For that reason, it is an odd piece, with little dialogue between the piano and the large orchestra.\"", "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Argentinian-Jewish parents Aida (nee Schuster) and Enrique Barenboim. He started piano lessons at the age of five with his mother, continuing to study with his father, who remained his only teacher. On 19 August 1950, at the age of seven, he gave his first formal concert in his hometown, Buenos Aires. In 1952, Barenboim's family moved to Israel. Two years later, in the summer of 1954, his parents took him to Salzburg to take part in Igor Markevitch's conducting classes. During that summer he also met and played for Wilhelm Furtwangler, who has remained a central musical influence and ideal for Barenboim. Furtwangler called the young Barenboim a \"phenomenon\" and invited him to perform the Beethoven First Piano Concerto with the Berlin Philharmonic, but Barenboim's father considered it too soon after the Second World War for a child of Jewish parents to be performing in Berlin. In 1955 Barenboim studied harmony and composition with Nadia Boulanger in Paris. On 15 June 1967, Barenboim and British cellist Jacqueline du Pre were married in Jerusalem at a Western Wall ceremony, Du Pre having converted to Judaism. Acting as one of the witnesses was the conductor Zubin Mehta, a long-time friend of Barenboim. Since \"I was not Jewish I had to temporarily be renamed Moshe Cohen, which made me a 'kosher witness',\" Mehta recalled. Du Pre retired from music in 1973, after being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The marriage lasted until du Pre's death in 1987."], "answer": {"text": "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Argentinian-Jewish parents Aida (nee Schuster) and Enrique Barenboim.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me what year Daniel Barenboim was born?", "answer": {"text": "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59da01905ac94f81814fe47c397c115d_1_q#2", "question": "Did he receive any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Daniel Barenboim receive any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dialogues II Dialogues II is a composition for piano and chamber orchestra by the American composer Elliott Carter. It was composed in celebration of the conductor Daniel Barenboim's 70th birthday. The work was first performed at La Scala, Milan on October 25, 2012, by Barenboim on the piano and the Orchestra of La Scala under the conductor Gustavo Dudamel. Composed at the age of 103, \"Dialogues II\" was one of Carter's last completed orchestral compositions before his death in November 2012. The piece is a followup to the composer's 2003 \"Dialogues\", which was a finalist for the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Music. \"Dialogues II\" is composed in a single movement and has a duration of roughly 5 minutes. In dedicating the piece to Daniel Barenboim, Carter wrote in the score program notes, \"The dynamo of enthusiasm that propels his extraordinary musical skills; performing, conducting and imagining new ideas and his views on many varied conceptions make Daniel [Barenboim] a model and an exciting stimulus for us all.\" He concluded, \"I hope a little of that reveals itself in this 70th birthday present.\" The work is scored for solo piano and a chamber orchestra comprising flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, two horns, trumpet, trombone, and strings. Reviewing a performance of the work at Barenboim's 70th birthday concert, Rosie Pentreath of the \"BBC Music Magazine\" declared \"Dialogues II\" \" the only work, one can confidently say, written by a 103-year old.\" She added, \"it is brief, gnomic, and confidently played.\" The composition was also lauded by Keith Bruce of \"The Herald\".", "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Argentinian-Jewish parents Aida (nee Schuster) and Enrique Barenboim. He started piano lessons at the age of five with his mother, continuing to study with his father, who remained his only teacher. On 19 August 1950, at the age of seven, he gave his first formal concert in his hometown, Buenos Aires. In 1952, Barenboim's family moved to Israel. Two years later, in the summer of 1954, his parents took him to Salzburg to take part in Igor Markevitch's conducting classes. During that summer he also met and played for Wilhelm Furtwangler, who has remained a central musical influence and ideal for Barenboim. Furtwangler called the young Barenboim a \"phenomenon\" and invited him to perform the Beethoven First Piano Concerto with the Berlin Philharmonic, but Barenboim's father considered it too soon after the Second World War for a child of Jewish parents to be performing in Berlin. In 1955 Barenboim studied harmony and composition with Nadia Boulanger in Paris. On 15 June 1967, Barenboim and British cellist Jacqueline du Pre were married in Jerusalem at a Western Wall ceremony, Du Pre having converted to Judaism. Acting as one of the witnesses was the conductor Zubin Mehta, a long-time friend of Barenboim. Since \"I was not Jewish I had to temporarily be renamed Moshe Cohen, which made me a 'kosher witness',\" Mehta recalled. Du Pre retired from music in 1973, after being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The marriage lasted until du Pre's death in 1987.", "West\u2013 Eastern Divan Orchestra The West\u2013Eastern Divan Orchestra is an orchestra based in Seville, Spain, consisting of musicians from countries in the Middle East, of Egyptian, Iranian, Israeli, Jordanian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian and Spanish background. It was founded in 1999 by the conductor Daniel Barenboim and academic Edward Said, and named after an anthology of poems by Goethe. Martha Argerich, pianist and longtime performing partner of Barenboim, was named an honorary member of the orchestra in 2015. In 2016, the Barenboim-Said Akademie was established in Berlin, Germany, as a state-accredited music conservatory offering Bachelor of Music degrees and Artist Diplomas. The Akademie, whose president is Daniel Barenboim, is based on the founding aims of the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. The Argentine-Israeli conductor Daniel Barenboim and the late Palestinian-American academic Edward Said founded the orchestra in 1999, and named the ensemble after an anthology of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The first orchestra workshop was in Weimar, Germany, in 1999, after the organisation had received over 200 applications from Arab music students. Barenboim has also expressed interest in musicians from Iran (a non-Arab country but in conflict with Israel) and allocating three chairs for Iranian musicians to play in the orchestra each year. In 2016, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon designated the orchestra as a United Nations Global Advocate for Cultural Understanding, praising the orchestra's push for peace and unity. The orchestra under Barenboim, in the presence of Italian President and Mrs. Giorgio Napolitano, performed for Pope Benedict XVI at the courtyard of the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo 11 July 2012, the abbot Saint Benedict of Nursia's (the founder of the Benedictines)", "What Next?\", in 1997\u201398 for the Berlin State Opera at the behest of conductor Daniel Barenboim. The work premiered in Berlin in 1999 and had its first staging in the United States at the Tanglewood Music Festival in 2006, conducted by James Levine. He later considered writing operas on the themes of communal suicide and a story by Henry James, but abandoned both ideas and resolved to write no more operas. On December 11, 2008, Carter celebrated his 100th birthday at Carnegie Hall in New York, where the Boston Symphony Orchestra and pianist Daniel Barenboim played his \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\", written that year. Between the ages of 90 and 100 he published more than 40 works, and after his 100th birthday he composed at least 20 more. \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\" received its premiere on December 5, 2008, by the BSO, conducted by James Levine and featuring the pianist Daniel Barenboim at Symphony Hall, Boston. Barenboim reprised the work with the BSO at Carnegie Hall in New York in the presence of the composer on his 100th birthday. Carter was also present at the 2009 Aldeburgh Festival to hear the world premiere of his song cycle \"On Conversing with Paradise\", based on Ezra Pound's Canto 81 and one of Pound's 'Notes' intended for later Cantos, and usually published at the end of the Cantos. The premiere was given on June 20, 2009, by the baritone Leigh Melrose and the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group conducted by Oliver Knussen. \"Figment V\" for marimba was premiered in New York on May 2, 2009, by Simon Boyar, and \"Poems of Louis Zukofsky\" for soprano and clarinet had its first performance by Lucy Shelton and Thomas Martin at the Tanglewood Festival on August 9, 2009.", "Soundings (Carter) Soundings is an orchestral composition by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for their final season with the conductor Daniel Barenboim as music director. It was first performed on October 6, 2005 at the Symphony Center, Chicago, by Barenboim and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. \"Soundings\" has a duration of roughly ten minutes and is composed in one continuous movement. Carter wrote in the score program note, \"\"Soundings\" celebrates the conductor/pianist Daniel Barenboim, whose Chicago Symphony Orchestra commissioned this score which was written in New York City in 2005. It presents a 'soundings' of the conductor/pianist and of many instrumental groups or soloists within the orchestra and presents them with good humor.\" The work is scored for an orchestra comprising piccolo, two flutes (doubling piccolo), two oboes, cor anglais, two clarinets (first doubling E-flat clarinet, second doubling bass clarinet), contrabass clarinet, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, two percussionists, piano, and strings. Reviewing the world premiere, John von Rhein of the \"Chicago Tribune\" lauded the composition, writing: Andrew Clements of \"The Guardian\" gave the work a more mixed response, however, observing, \" Composed three years ago as a leaving present for Daniel Barenboim when he stepped down as music director of the Chicago Symphony, \"Soundings\" was expressly designed for Barenboim to conduct from the piano like a Mozart concerto. For that reason, it is an odd piece, with little dialogue between the piano and the large orchestra.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me what year Daniel Barenboim was born?", "answer": {"text": "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he from?", "answer": {"text": "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Argentinian-Jewish parents Aida (nee Schuster) and Enrique Barenboim.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_59da01905ac94f81814fe47c397c115d_1_q#3", "question": "What was he best known for?", "rewrite": "What was Daniel Barenboim best known for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["What Next?\", in 1997\u201398 for the Berlin State Opera at the behest of conductor Daniel Barenboim. The work premiered in Berlin in 1999 and had its first staging in the United States at the Tanglewood Music Festival in 2006, conducted by James Levine. He later considered writing operas on the themes of communal suicide and a story by Henry James, but abandoned both ideas and resolved to write no more operas. On December 11, 2008, Carter celebrated his 100th birthday at Carnegie Hall in New York, where the Boston Symphony Orchestra and pianist Daniel Barenboim played his \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\", written that year. Between the ages of 90 and 100 he published more than 40 works, and after his 100th birthday he composed at least 20 more. \"Interventions for Piano and Orchestra\" received its premiere on December 5, 2008, by the BSO, conducted by James Levine and featuring the pianist Daniel Barenboim at Symphony Hall, Boston. Barenboim reprised the work with the BSO at Carnegie Hall in New York in the presence of the composer on his 100th birthday. Carter was also present at the 2009 Aldeburgh Festival to hear the world premiere of his song cycle \"On Conversing with Paradise\", based on Ezra Pound's Canto 81 and one of Pound's 'Notes' intended for later Cantos, and usually published at the end of the Cantos. The premiere was given on June 20, 2009, by the baritone Leigh Melrose and the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group conducted by Oliver Knussen. \"Figment V\" for marimba was premiered in New York on May 2, 2009, by Simon Boyar, and \"Poems of Louis Zukofsky\" for soprano and clarinet had its first performance by Lucy Shelton and Thomas Martin at the Tanglewood Festival on August 9, 2009.", "Soundings (Carter) Soundings is an orchestral composition by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was commissioned by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for their final season with the conductor Daniel Barenboim as music director. It was first performed on October 6, 2005 at the Symphony Center, Chicago, by Barenboim and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. \"Soundings\" has a duration of roughly ten minutes and is composed in one continuous movement. Carter wrote in the score program note, \"\"Soundings\" celebrates the conductor/pianist Daniel Barenboim, whose Chicago Symphony Orchestra commissioned this score which was written in New York City in 2005. It presents a 'soundings' of the conductor/pianist and of many instrumental groups or soloists within the orchestra and presents them with good humor.\" The work is scored for an orchestra comprising piccolo, two flutes (doubling piccolo), two oboes, cor anglais, two clarinets (first doubling E-flat clarinet, second doubling bass clarinet), contrabass clarinet, two bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, two percussionists, piano, and strings. Reviewing the world premiere, John von Rhein of the \"Chicago Tribune\" lauded the composition, writing: Andrew Clements of \"The Guardian\" gave the work a more mixed response, however, observing, \" Composed three years ago as a leaving present for Daniel Barenboim when he stepped down as music director of the Chicago Symphony, \"Soundings\" was expressly designed for Barenboim to conduct from the piano like a Mozart concerto. For that reason, it is an odd piece, with little dialogue between the piano and the large orchestra.\"", "West\u2013 Eastern Divan Orchestra The West\u2013Eastern Divan Orchestra is an orchestra based in Seville, Spain, consisting of musicians from countries in the Middle East, of Egyptian, Iranian, Israeli, Jordanian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian and Spanish background. It was founded in 1999 by the conductor Daniel Barenboim and academic Edward Said, and named after an anthology of poems by Goethe. Martha Argerich, pianist and longtime performing partner of Barenboim, was named an honorary member of the orchestra in 2015. In 2016, the Barenboim-Said Akademie was established in Berlin, Germany, as a state-accredited music conservatory offering Bachelor of Music degrees and Artist Diplomas. The Akademie, whose president is Daniel Barenboim, is based on the founding aims of the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra. The Argentine-Israeli conductor Daniel Barenboim and the late Palestinian-American academic Edward Said founded the orchestra in 1999, and named the ensemble after an anthology of poems by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. The first orchestra workshop was in Weimar, Germany, in 1999, after the organisation had received over 200 applications from Arab music students. Barenboim has also expressed interest in musicians from Iran (a non-Arab country but in conflict with Israel) and allocating three chairs for Iranian musicians to play in the orchestra each year. In 2016, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon designated the orchestra as a United Nations Global Advocate for Cultural Understanding, praising the orchestra's push for peace and unity. The orchestra under Barenboim, in the presence of Italian President and Mrs. Giorgio Napolitano, performed for Pope Benedict XVI at the courtyard of the Apostolic Palace of Castel Gandolfo 11 July 2012, the abbot Saint Benedict of Nursia's (the founder of the Benedictines)", "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Argentinian-Jewish parents Aida (nee Schuster) and Enrique Barenboim. He started piano lessons at the age of five with his mother, continuing to study with his father, who remained his only teacher. On 19 August 1950, at the age of seven, he gave his first formal concert in his hometown, Buenos Aires. In 1952, Barenboim's family moved to Israel. Two years later, in the summer of 1954, his parents took him to Salzburg to take part in Igor Markevitch's conducting classes. During that summer he also met and played for Wilhelm Furtwangler, who has remained a central musical influence and ideal for Barenboim. Furtwangler called the young Barenboim a \"phenomenon\" and invited him to perform the Beethoven First Piano Concerto with the Berlin Philharmonic, but Barenboim's father considered it too soon after the Second World War for a child of Jewish parents to be performing in Berlin. In 1955 Barenboim studied harmony and composition with Nadia Boulanger in Paris. On 15 June 1967, Barenboim and British cellist Jacqueline du Pre were married in Jerusalem at a Western Wall ceremony, Du Pre having converted to Judaism. Acting as one of the witnesses was the conductor Zubin Mehta, a long-time friend of Barenboim. Since \"I was not Jewish I had to temporarily be renamed Moshe Cohen, which made me a 'kosher witness',\" Mehta recalled. Du Pre retired from music in 1973, after being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The marriage lasted until du Pre's death in 1987.", "Dialogues II Dialogues II is a composition for piano and chamber orchestra by the American composer Elliott Carter. It was composed in celebration of the conductor Daniel Barenboim's 70th birthday. The work was first performed at La Scala, Milan on October 25, 2012, by Barenboim on the piano and the Orchestra of La Scala under the conductor Gustavo Dudamel. Composed at the age of 103, \"Dialogues II\" was one of Carter's last completed orchestral compositions before his death in November 2012. The piece is a followup to the composer's 2003 \"Dialogues\", which was a finalist for the 2005 Pulitzer Prize for Music. \"Dialogues II\" is composed in a single movement and has a duration of roughly 5 minutes. In dedicating the piece to Daniel Barenboim, Carter wrote in the score program notes, \"The dynamo of enthusiasm that propels his extraordinary musical skills; performing, conducting and imagining new ideas and his views on many varied conceptions make Daniel [Barenboim] a model and an exciting stimulus for us all.\" He concluded, \"I hope a little of that reveals itself in this 70th birthday present.\" The work is scored for solo piano and a chamber orchestra comprising flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, two horns, trumpet, trombone, and strings. Reviewing a performance of the work at Barenboim's 70th birthday concert, Rosie Pentreath of the \"BBC Music Magazine\" declared \"Dialogues II\" \" the only work, one can confidently say, written by a 103-year old.\" She added, \"it is brief, gnomic, and confidently played.\" The composition was also lauded by Keith Bruce of \"The Herald\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you tell me what year Daniel Barenboim was born?", "answer": {"text": "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was he from?", "answer": {"text": "Daniel Barenboim was born in 1942 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Argentinian-Jewish parents Aida (nee Schuster) and Enrique Barenboim.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_1_q#0", "question": "What is the relation between George Foreman and Sunshine showdown?", "rewrite": "What is the relation between George Foreman and Sunshine showdown?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, billed as \"The Sunshine Showdown\", was a professional boxing match in Kingston, Jamaica contested on January 22, 1973, for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. In a matchup of two undefeated future hall-of-famers, undisputed heavyweight champion Joe Frazier and the number one-ranked heavyweight George Foreman reached an agreement in November 1972 for a January title fight at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. Frazier was 29\u20130 and had won 10 consecutive heavyweight title fights at the time of his match with Foreman, first winning the NYSAC heavyweight title in 1968 and defending that title four times before knocking out Jimmy Ellis to claim the vacant WBA and WBC titles in 1970 that had been stripped from Muhammad Ali. Frazier's most notable defense would come against Ali himself in what was billed as the \"Fight of the Century\". After defeating Ali by unanimous decision, Frazier captured \"The Ring\" heavyweight title and became recognized as the lineal champion. Between his first Ali fight and his bout with Foreman, Frazier successfully defended his title twice against fringe contenders Terry Daniels and Ron Stander. Following his knockout of Stander, Ali attempted to gain a rematch with Frazier, but Frazier ultimately agreed to face Foreman. The undefeated Foreman had accumulated 37 victories in just four years and was ranked number one by both the WBA and WBC at the time of landing his first title match against Frazier. The fight would last less than two rounds with Foreman scoring a technical knockout at 1:35 of the second round to dethrone Frazier and become the new undisputed heavyweight champion. Foreman brutalized Frazier for the duration of the fight, scoring six knockdowns over the champion. In ABC's television re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the legendary exclamation: \"Down goes Frazier!", "George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off.", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells.", "He took many sports related jobs during the summers, including Madison Square Garden and the National Sports Council. He also worked on the S. Rae Hickok \u201cProfessional Athlete of the Year\u201d Award, created by his father in 1949, which remained one of the most prized awards until 1975. Goodman attended the University of Miami in Florida for two years before enlisting in the United States Coast Guard. Goodman was the Officer in Charge of Coast Guard Recruiting for the State of Connecticut upon the end of his enlistment After leaving the Coast Guard in 1962, Goodman took a public relations job with the New York Titans of the old American Football League. Upon the sale of the Titans to become the Jets, Goodman and his father created the \u201csports division\u201d of a Madison advertising agency. Arthur Falconer Associates and promoted most of the major fights of the era. They also helped create the All-American Collegiate Golf Foundation, and handled other accounts such as Bancroft Sporting Goods and Tretorn. When the company moved to New Jersey, Goodman and his father opened up their own firm on Madison Avenue, Murray Goodman Associates. They handled events for Main Bout, Bob Arum \u2019s Top Rank and Don King Productions. Light heavyweight great Bob Foster and heavyweight champion Ken Norton, were personal clients. Don King brought Bob on board full-time as his Director of Boxing in the early 70\u2019s, where he remained until the end of 1985. During those years they promoted the biggest events in boxing, including the \u201cRumble in the Jungle\u201d between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman; the \u201cThrilla in Manila\u201d between Ali and Joe Frazier; The \u201cSunshine Showdown\u201d with George Foreman and Joe Frazier, and the two fights between Roberto Duran and Sugar Ray Leonard.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters."], "answer": {"text": "The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout.", "answer_start": 631}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_1_q#1", "question": "Who won the fight?", "rewrite": "Who won the fight between George Foreman and Sunshine Showdown?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, billed as \"The Sunshine Showdown\", was a professional boxing match in Kingston, Jamaica contested on January 22, 1973, for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. In a matchup of two undefeated future hall-of-famers, undisputed heavyweight champion Joe Frazier and the number one-ranked heavyweight George Foreman reached an agreement in November 1972 for a January title fight at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. Frazier was 29\u20130 and had won 10 consecutive heavyweight title fights at the time of his match with Foreman, first winning the NYSAC heavyweight title in 1968 and defending that title four times before knocking out Jimmy Ellis to claim the vacant WBA and WBC titles in 1970 that had been stripped from Muhammad Ali. Frazier's most notable defense would come against Ali himself in what was billed as the \"Fight of the Century\". After defeating Ali by unanimous decision, Frazier captured \"The Ring\" heavyweight title and became recognized as the lineal champion. Between his first Ali fight and his bout with Foreman, Frazier successfully defended his title twice against fringe contenders Terry Daniels and Ron Stander. Following his knockout of Stander, Ali attempted to gain a rematch with Frazier, but Frazier ultimately agreed to face Foreman. The undefeated Foreman had accumulated 37 victories in just four years and was ranked number one by both the WBA and WBC at the time of landing his first title match against Frazier. The fight would last less than two rounds with Foreman scoring a technical knockout at 1:35 of the second round to dethrone Frazier and become the new undisputed heavyweight champion. Foreman brutalized Frazier for the duration of the fight, scoring six knockdowns over the champion. In ABC's television re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the legendary exclamation: \"Down goes Frazier!", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters.", "George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off.", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells.", "He took many sports related jobs during the summers, including Madison Square Garden and the National Sports Council. He also worked on the S. Rae Hickok \u201cProfessional Athlete of the Year\u201d Award, created by his father in 1949, which remained one of the most prized awards until 1975. Goodman attended the University of Miami in Florida for two years before enlisting in the United States Coast Guard. Goodman was the Officer in Charge of Coast Guard Recruiting for the State of Connecticut upon the end of his enlistment After leaving the Coast Guard in 1962, Goodman took a public relations job with the New York Titans of the old American Football League. Upon the sale of the Titans to become the Jets, Goodman and his father created the \u201csports division\u201d of a Madison advertising agency. Arthur Falconer Associates and promoted most of the major fights of the era. They also helped create the All-American Collegiate Golf Foundation, and handled other accounts such as Bancroft Sporting Goods and Tretorn. When the company moved to New Jersey, Goodman and his father opened up their own firm on Madison Avenue, Murray Goodman Associates. They handled events for Main Bout, Bob Arum \u2019s Top Rank and Don King Productions. Light heavyweight great Bob Foster and heavyweight champion Ken Norton, were personal clients. Don King brought Bob on board full-time as his Director of Boxing in the early 70\u2019s, where he remained until the end of 1985. During those years they promoted the biggest events in boxing, including the \u201cRumble in the Jungle\u201d between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman; the \u201cThrilla in Manila\u201d between Ali and Joe Frazier; The \u201cSunshine Showdown\u201d with George Foreman and Joe Frazier, and the two fights between Roberto Duran and Sugar Ray Leonard."], "answer": {"text": "Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds", "answer_start": 981}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the relation between George Foreman and Sunshine showdown?", "answer": {"text": "The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout.", "answer_start": 631, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_1_q#2", "question": "What happened after the knockdown?", "rewrite": "What happened after the knockdown of Sunshine Showdown by George Foreman?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters.", "In 1972, still undefeated and with an impressive knockout record, Foreman was set to challenge undefeated and Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion Joe Frazier. Despite boycotting a title elimination caused by the vacancy resulting from the championship being stripped from Muhammad Ali, Frazier had won the title from Jimmy Ellis and defended his title four times since, including a 15-round unanimous decision over the previously unbeaten Ali in 1971 after Ali had beaten Oscar Bonavena and Jerry Quarry. Despite Foreman's superior size and reach, he was not expected to beat Frazier and was a 3:1 underdog going into the fight. The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout. In ABC's re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the memorable call, \"Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier!\" Before the fight Frazier was 29-0 (25 KO) and Foreman was 37-0 (34 KO). Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds (the three-knockdown rule was not in effect for this bout). After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations. Frazier managed to get to his feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante eventually called an end to the one-sided bout. Foreman was sometimes characterized by the media as an aloof and antisocial champion. According to them, he always seemed to wear a sneer and was not often available to the press. Foreman later attributed his demeanor during this time as an emulation of Sonny Liston, for whom he had been an occasional sparring partner. Foreman defended his title successfully twice during his initial reign as champion. His first defense, in Tokyo, pitted him against Puerto Rican Heavyweight Champion Jose Roman.", "Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, billed as \"The Sunshine Showdown\", was a professional boxing match in Kingston, Jamaica contested on January 22, 1973, for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. In a matchup of two undefeated future hall-of-famers, undisputed heavyweight champion Joe Frazier and the number one-ranked heavyweight George Foreman reached an agreement in November 1972 for a January title fight at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. Frazier was 29\u20130 and had won 10 consecutive heavyweight title fights at the time of his match with Foreman, first winning the NYSAC heavyweight title in 1968 and defending that title four times before knocking out Jimmy Ellis to claim the vacant WBA and WBC titles in 1970 that had been stripped from Muhammad Ali. Frazier's most notable defense would come against Ali himself in what was billed as the \"Fight of the Century\". After defeating Ali by unanimous decision, Frazier captured \"The Ring\" heavyweight title and became recognized as the lineal champion. Between his first Ali fight and his bout with Foreman, Frazier successfully defended his title twice against fringe contenders Terry Daniels and Ron Stander. Following his knockout of Stander, Ali attempted to gain a rematch with Frazier, but Frazier ultimately agreed to face Foreman. The undefeated Foreman had accumulated 37 victories in just four years and was ranked number one by both the WBA and WBC at the time of landing his first title match against Frazier. The fight would last less than two rounds with Foreman scoring a technical knockout at 1:35 of the second round to dethrone Frazier and become the new undisputed heavyweight champion. Foreman brutalized Frazier for the duration of the fight, scoring six knockdowns over the champion. In ABC's television re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the legendary exclamation: \"Down goes Frazier!", "He took many sports related jobs during the summers, including Madison Square Garden and the National Sports Council. He also worked on the S. Rae Hickok \u201cProfessional Athlete of the Year\u201d Award, created by his father in 1949, which remained one of the most prized awards until 1975. Goodman attended the University of Miami in Florida for two years before enlisting in the United States Coast Guard. Goodman was the Officer in Charge of Coast Guard Recruiting for the State of Connecticut upon the end of his enlistment After leaving the Coast Guard in 1962, Goodman took a public relations job with the New York Titans of the old American Football League. Upon the sale of the Titans to become the Jets, Goodman and his father created the \u201csports division\u201d of a Madison advertising agency. Arthur Falconer Associates and promoted most of the major fights of the era. They also helped create the All-American Collegiate Golf Foundation, and handled other accounts such as Bancroft Sporting Goods and Tretorn. When the company moved to New Jersey, Goodman and his father opened up their own firm on Madison Avenue, Murray Goodman Associates. They handled events for Main Bout, Bob Arum \u2019s Top Rank and Don King Productions. Light heavyweight great Bob Foster and heavyweight champion Ken Norton, were personal clients. Don King brought Bob on board full-time as his Director of Boxing in the early 70\u2019s, where he remained until the end of 1985. During those years they promoted the biggest events in boxing, including the \u201cRumble in the Jungle\u201d between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman; the \u201cThrilla in Manila\u201d between Ali and Joe Frazier; The \u201cSunshine Showdown\u201d with George Foreman and Joe Frazier, and the two fights between Roberto Duran and Sugar Ray Leonard."], "answer": {"text": "After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations.", "answer_start": 1105}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the relation between George Foreman and Sunshine showdown?", "answer": {"text": "The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout.", "answer_start": 631, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won the fight?", "answer": {"text": "Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_1_q#3", "question": "Did he collapse eventually after the knockdowns?", "rewrite": "Did Sunshine Showdown collapse eventually after the knockdowns by George Foreman?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["George Foreman vs. Joe Frazier II George Foreman vs. Joe Frazier II, billed as \"Battle of the Gladiators\", was a professional boxing match contested on June 15, 1976 for the NABF heavyweight championship. On March 18, 1976, former undisputed heavyweight champions George Foreman and Joe Frazier agreed to face one another in a rematch of their 1973 heavyweight title bout. In their previous encounter, Foreman had brutalized the then-champion Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds to capture the WBA and WBC heavyweight championships. Foreman had then successfully defended the titles twice, easily defeating Jos\u00e9 Roman and Ken Norton by knockout in the first and second rounds respectively. Foreman, however, lost his titles to Muhammad Ali in \"The Rumble in the Jungle\" in October 1974, by KO in the eighth round. The following year, Frazier finally got his first chance to regain the heavyweight titles, challenging Ali in a fight dubbed the \"Thrilla in Manila\", though he lost by technical knockout in the 14th round. After his defeat at the hands of Ali, Foreman was out of boxing for over a year, sitting out all of 1975. He returned in January 1976 to defeat Ron Lyle and capture the less-regarded NABF heavyweight title before agreeing to face Frazier. Foreman hoped a victory over Frazier would propel him to a championship rematch with Ali, while Frazier, who was close to retirement, hoped to avenge the blowout loss Foreman had bestowed him with three years prior. At the start of the fight, Frazier abandoned his usual aggressive approach and utilized a more defensive style to avoid a repeat of his previous fight with Foreman. Frazier kept his distance throughout the first four rounds and even taunted Foreman by dropping his hands and daring him to land a punch. Foreman, however, took control of the action, getting Frazier against the ropes and weakening him with powerful body shots.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters.", "In 1972, still undefeated and with an impressive knockout record, Foreman was set to challenge undefeated and Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion Joe Frazier. Despite boycotting a title elimination caused by the vacancy resulting from the championship being stripped from Muhammad Ali, Frazier had won the title from Jimmy Ellis and defended his title four times since, including a 15-round unanimous decision over the previously unbeaten Ali in 1971 after Ali had beaten Oscar Bonavena and Jerry Quarry. Despite Foreman's superior size and reach, he was not expected to beat Frazier and was a 3:1 underdog going into the fight. The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout. In ABC's re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the memorable call, \"Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier!\" Before the fight Frazier was 29-0 (25 KO) and Foreman was 37-0 (34 KO). Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds (the three-knockdown rule was not in effect for this bout). After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations. Frazier managed to get to his feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante eventually called an end to the one-sided bout. Foreman was sometimes characterized by the media as an aloof and antisocial champion. According to them, he always seemed to wear a sneer and was not often available to the press. Foreman later attributed his demeanor during this time as an emulation of Sonny Liston, for whom he had been an occasional sparring partner. Foreman defended his title successfully twice during his initial reign as champion. His first defense, in Tokyo, pitted him against Puerto Rican Heavyweight Champion Jose Roman.", "Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, billed as \"The Sunshine Showdown\", was a professional boxing match in Kingston, Jamaica contested on January 22, 1973, for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. In a matchup of two undefeated future hall-of-famers, undisputed heavyweight champion Joe Frazier and the number one-ranked heavyweight George Foreman reached an agreement in November 1972 for a January title fight at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. Frazier was 29\u20130 and had won 10 consecutive heavyweight title fights at the time of his match with Foreman, first winning the NYSAC heavyweight title in 1968 and defending that title four times before knocking out Jimmy Ellis to claim the vacant WBA and WBC titles in 1970 that had been stripped from Muhammad Ali. Frazier's most notable defense would come against Ali himself in what was billed as the \"Fight of the Century\". After defeating Ali by unanimous decision, Frazier captured \"The Ring\" heavyweight title and became recognized as the lineal champion. Between his first Ali fight and his bout with Foreman, Frazier successfully defended his title twice against fringe contenders Terry Daniels and Ron Stander. Following his knockout of Stander, Ali attempted to gain a rematch with Frazier, but Frazier ultimately agreed to face Foreman. The undefeated Foreman had accumulated 37 victories in just four years and was ranked number one by both the WBA and WBC at the time of landing his first title match against Frazier. The fight would last less than two rounds with Foreman scoring a technical knockout at 1:35 of the second round to dethrone Frazier and become the new undisputed heavyweight champion. Foreman brutalized Frazier for the duration of the fight, scoring six knockdowns over the champion. In ABC's television re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the legendary exclamation: \"Down goes Frazier!", "He took many sports related jobs during the summers, including Madison Square Garden and the National Sports Council. He also worked on the S. Rae Hickok \u201cProfessional Athlete of the Year\u201d Award, created by his father in 1949, which remained one of the most prized awards until 1975. Goodman attended the University of Miami in Florida for two years before enlisting in the United States Coast Guard. Goodman was the Officer in Charge of Coast Guard Recruiting for the State of Connecticut upon the end of his enlistment After leaving the Coast Guard in 1962, Goodman took a public relations job with the New York Titans of the old American Football League. Upon the sale of the Titans to become the Jets, Goodman and his father created the \u201csports division\u201d of a Madison advertising agency. Arthur Falconer Associates and promoted most of the major fights of the era. They also helped create the All-American Collegiate Golf Foundation, and handled other accounts such as Bancroft Sporting Goods and Tretorn. When the company moved to New Jersey, Goodman and his father opened up their own firm on Madison Avenue, Murray Goodman Associates. They handled events for Main Bout, Bob Arum \u2019s Top Rank and Don King Productions. Light heavyweight great Bob Foster and heavyweight champion Ken Norton, were personal clients. Don King brought Bob on board full-time as his Director of Boxing in the early 70\u2019s, where he remained until the end of 1985. During those years they promoted the biggest events in boxing, including the \u201cRumble in the Jungle\u201d between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman; the \u201cThrilla in Manila\u201d between Ali and Joe Frazier; The \u201cSunshine Showdown\u201d with George Foreman and Joe Frazier, and the two fights between Roberto Duran and Sugar Ray Leonard."], "answer": {"text": "Frazier managed to get to his feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante eventually called an end to the one-sided bout.", "answer_start": 1244}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the relation between George Foreman and Sunshine showdown?", "answer": {"text": "The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout.", "answer_start": 631, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won the fight?", "answer": {"text": "Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the knockdown?", "answer": {"text": "After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations.", "answer_start": 1105, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the knockout of Sunshine Showdown, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He took many sports related jobs during the summers, including Madison Square Garden and the National Sports Council. He also worked on the S. Rae Hickok \u201cProfessional Athlete of the Year\u201d Award, created by his father in 1949, which remained one of the most prized awards until 1975. Goodman attended the University of Miami in Florida for two years before enlisting in the United States Coast Guard. Goodman was the Officer in Charge of Coast Guard Recruiting for the State of Connecticut upon the end of his enlistment After leaving the Coast Guard in 1962, Goodman took a public relations job with the New York Titans of the old American Football League. Upon the sale of the Titans to become the Jets, Goodman and his father created the \u201csports division\u201d of a Madison advertising agency. Arthur Falconer Associates and promoted most of the major fights of the era. They also helped create the All-American Collegiate Golf Foundation, and handled other accounts such as Bancroft Sporting Goods and Tretorn. When the company moved to New Jersey, Goodman and his father opened up their own firm on Madison Avenue, Murray Goodman Associates. They handled events for Main Bout, Bob Arum \u2019s Top Rank and Don King Productions. Light heavyweight great Bob Foster and heavyweight champion Ken Norton, were personal clients. Don King brought Bob on board full-time as his Director of Boxing in the early 70\u2019s, where he remained until the end of 1985. During those years they promoted the biggest events in boxing, including the \u201cRumble in the Jungle\u201d between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman; the \u201cThrilla in Manila\u201d between Ali and Joe Frazier; The \u201cSunshine Showdown\u201d with George Foreman and Joe Frazier, and the two fights between Roberto Duran and Sugar Ray Leonard.", "Florida\u2013Florida State football rivalry The Florida\u2013Florida State football rivalry, occasionally called the Sunshine Showdown, is an American college football rivalry between the teams of the two oldest public universities of the U.S. state of Florida: the University of Florida Gators and Florida State University Seminoles. Although both universities participate in a range of intercollegiate sports, the competition between the Gators and the Seminoles has most often focused on football. The Florida and Florida State football series began in 1958, and the game has usually been played on the Saturday after Thanksgiving since the 1970s. The Gators dominated the series before coach Bobby Bowden first brought FSU to national prominence in 1976, after which the rivalry became much more competitive. FSU holds a slight advantage since 1977, though the teams have split their games since 2000 with nine wins apiece. Florida leads the overall series 35\u201326\u20132. For the past three decades, one or both squads have often been highly ranked coming into the late-season contest, adding national championship implications to a rivalry already heavily weighted with in-state bragging rights. From 1990 to 2000, every meeting featured both schools being ranked in the top 10 of the Associated Press rankings, with one or both schools ranked in the top 5 on multiple occasions. The winner of the game would go on to compete in the national championship game in six of those seasons (1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000). Florida State College, one of the predecessor institutions of Florida State University, sponsored a varsity football team from 1902 to 1904 and won state championships in each of those seasons. With its passage of the Buckman Act in 1905, the Florida Legislature abolished the coeducational Florida State College and rededicated its Tallahassee campus as the all-women Florida Female College for the 1905 fall term, ending the football program.", "Old history of the development of boxing and its prevalence contribute to fusion of various types of martial arts and the emergence of new ones that are based on them. For example, a combination of boxing and sportive sambo techniques gave rise to a combat sambo. There is a generally accepted rule of thumb about the success each of these boxing styles has against the others. In general, an in-fighter has an advantage over an out-fighter, an out-fighter has an advantage over a brawler, and a brawler has an advantage over an in-fighter; these form a cycle with each style being stronger relative to one, and weaker relative to another, with none dominating, as in rock-paper-scissors. Naturally, many other factors, such as the skill level and training of the combatants, determine the outcome of a fight, but the widely held belief in this relationship among the styles is embodied in the clich\u00e9 amongst boxing fans and writers that \"styles make fights.\" Brawlers tend to overcome swarmers or in-fighters because, in trying to get close to the slugger, the in-fighter will invariably have to walk straight into the guns of the much harder-hitting brawler, so, unless the former has a very good chin and the latter's stamina is poor, the brawler's superior power will carry the day. A famous example of this type of match-up advantage would be George Foreman's knockout victory over Joe Frazier in their original bout \"The Sunshine Showdown\". Although in-fighters struggle against heavy sluggers, they typically enjoy more success against out-fighters or boxers. Out-fighters prefer a slower fight, with some distance between themselves and the opponent. The in-fighter tries to close that gap and unleash furious flurries.", "Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman Joe Frazier vs. George Foreman, billed as \"The Sunshine Showdown\", was a professional boxing match in Kingston, Jamaica contested on January 22, 1973, for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. In a matchup of two undefeated future hall-of-famers, undisputed heavyweight champion Joe Frazier and the number one-ranked heavyweight George Foreman reached an agreement in November 1972 for a January title fight at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. Frazier was 29\u20130 and had won 10 consecutive heavyweight title fights at the time of his match with Foreman, first winning the NYSAC heavyweight title in 1968 and defending that title four times before knocking out Jimmy Ellis to claim the vacant WBA and WBC titles in 1970 that had been stripped from Muhammad Ali. Frazier's most notable defense would come against Ali himself in what was billed as the \"Fight of the Century\". After defeating Ali by unanimous decision, Frazier captured \"The Ring\" heavyweight title and became recognized as the lineal champion. Between his first Ali fight and his bout with Foreman, Frazier successfully defended his title twice against fringe contenders Terry Daniels and Ron Stander. Following his knockout of Stander, Ali attempted to gain a rematch with Frazier, but Frazier ultimately agreed to face Foreman. The undefeated Foreman had accumulated 37 victories in just four years and was ranked number one by both the WBA and WBC at the time of landing his first title match against Frazier. The fight would last less than two rounds with Foreman scoring a technical knockout at 1:35 of the second round to dethrone Frazier and become the new undisputed heavyweight champion. Foreman brutalized Frazier for the duration of the fight, scoring six knockdowns over the champion. In ABC's television re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the legendary exclamation: \"Down goes Frazier!", "In 1972, still undefeated and with an impressive knockout record, Foreman was set to challenge undefeated and Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion Joe Frazier. Despite boycotting a title elimination caused by the vacancy resulting from the championship being stripped from Muhammad Ali, Frazier had won the title from Jimmy Ellis and defended his title four times since, including a 15-round unanimous decision over the previously unbeaten Ali in 1971 after Ali had beaten Oscar Bonavena and Jerry Quarry. Despite Foreman's superior size and reach, he was not expected to beat Frazier and was a 3:1 underdog going into the fight. The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout. In ABC's re-broadcast, Howard Cosell made the memorable call, \"Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier! Down goes Frazier!\" Before the fight Frazier was 29-0 (25 KO) and Foreman was 37-0 (34 KO). Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds (the three-knockdown rule was not in effect for this bout). After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations. Frazier managed to get to his feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante eventually called an end to the one-sided bout. Foreman was sometimes characterized by the media as an aloof and antisocial champion. According to them, he always seemed to wear a sneer and was not often available to the press. Foreman later attributed his demeanor during this time as an emulation of Sonny Liston, for whom he had been an occasional sparring partner. Foreman defended his title successfully twice during his initial reign as champion. His first defense, in Tokyo, pitted him against Puerto Rican Heavyweight Champion Jose Roman."], "answer": {"text": "Foreman defended his title successfully twice during his initial reign as champion.", "answer_start": 1700}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the relation between George Foreman and Sunshine showdown?", "answer": {"text": "The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout.", "answer_start": 631, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won the fight?", "answer": {"text": "Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the knockdown?", "answer": {"text": "After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations.", "answer_start": 1105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collapse eventually after the knockdowns?", "answer": {"text": "Frazier managed to get to his feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante eventually called an end to the one-sided bout.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2310f9b8ff54c81a647e493d2caa5f2_1_q#5", "question": "Where did he defend his title?", "rewrite": "Where did George Foreman defend his title?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison George Foreman vs. Tommy Morrison, billed as the \"Star-Spangled Battle\", was a professional boxing match contested between George Foreman and Tommy Morrison on June 7, 1993, for the vacant World Boxing Organization Heavyweight Championship. After WBO Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer opted to vacate the title in February 1993, the WBO sanctioned a match between popular 44-year-old ex-WBC and WBA heavyweight champion George Foreman and then up-and-coming 24-year-old prospect Tommy Morrison to determine who would be the next WBO Heavyweight champion. Both fighters were looking to claim the title after losing their previous heavyweight title fights. Foreman had come up short to Evander Holyfield in a bid to become the oldest Undisputed Heavyweight champion two years prior, while Morrison had unsuccessfully challenged fellow undefeated contender Ray Mercer for the WBO title, in what was his first (and at the time of his fight with Foreman, only) professional loss. Prior to the fight, Foreman announced that his fight with Morrison would \"probably (be) the last fight I'll ever have\" while adding that he wanted to go out \"right\" by getting a \"title belt around my waist\". Though the bout was promoted as a match between two of boxing's hardest punchers, neither fighter scored a knockdown nor had their opponent in any real danger. Morrison abandoned his usual aggressive style while Foreman was the aggressor for the duration of the fight, stalking the agile Morrison, who in turn circled the older and bigger Foreman, scoring with sharp punches before quickly retreating. Though the pro-Foreman fans voiced their disapproval by showering Morrison with boos, Morrison's tactic ultimately paid off.", "George Foreman's KO Boxing George Foreman's KO Boxing is a boxing video game produced by Acclaim, featuring boxer George Foreman, released in 1992. Years later, Acclaim released another game featuring Foreman, \"Foreman For Real\". George Foreman's KO Boxing was released in 1992 for the Sega Mega Drive/Genesis and other 16-bit gaming consoles such as the Super Nintendo Entertainment System that features multiple heavyweight champion George Foreman. A version for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy was released as well. The game was also later available on the 8-bit Sega Master System and the Sega Game Gear. These two versions differ greatly from the other releases and were based on the Master System version of \"James Buster Douglas Knockout Boxing\". In the 16-bit and Nintendo 8-bit versions, the player assumes the role of George Foreman, who, at 43 years old, is pursuing a quest to become the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world by uniting the title belts of three fictional boxing circuits. Gameplay is very similar to \"Punch-Out!!\" : players are given the option to block the opponent's attempted punches, evade in two different directions, and throwing a wide variety of punches. Victory in a match can be won by knockout, technical knockout or by decision. A knockout requires a boxer to knock his opponent down four times in a three-round match; on the fourth knockdown, the downed boxer will fail to answer the 10-count. A technical knockout is awarded if a boxer is knocked down three times in a single round. If neither of these occur by the end of the third and final round, one boxer is declared the winner by a judge's decision, which is determined by each boxer's punches thrown and landed, knockdowns and total damage done. In the 16-bit versions, a portrait of each boxer accompanies their energy meters.", "George Foreman vs. Axel Schulz George Foreman vs. Axel Schulz, billed as \"Celebration\", was a professional boxing match contest, held on April 22, 1995, for Foreman's IBF and lineal heavyweight championships, as well as the vacant WBU heavyweight championship. In his previous fight, 45-year-old George Foreman made history by becoming the oldest heavyweight champion in boxing history after scoring an upset knockout victory over Michael Moorer on November 5, 1994. In early 1995, Foreman began negotiations to make the first defense of his newly won WBA and IBF titles against German mid-level prospect Axel Schulz. However, Schulz was unranked by both organizations and Foreman needed permission from both the WBA and IBF to continue on with his defense. The IBF ultimately agreed to allow Foreman to defend the title against Schulz and raised Schulz ranking to number 9, but the WBA refused, insisting that he instead face its number one contender Tony Tucker. Nevertheless, Foreman opted to continue on with his fight against Schulz and allowed the WBA to strip him of its title. In 2000, citing extortion; boxing promoter Bob Arum voluntarily testified to having paid IBF president Bobby Lee $100,000 in two installments in 1995, as the first half of a $200,000 bribe, through \"middleman, Stanley Hoffman,\" adding that Lee had first demanded $500,000 to sanction the Schulz-Foreman fight, but had settled for the lesser amount of $200,000 (half of which was never paid). Arum was sanctioned and fined $125,000 by the Nevada State Athletic Commission", "George Foreman vs. Jos\u00e9 Roman George Foreman vs. Jos\u00e9 Roman was a professional boxing match contested on September 1, 1973 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. In his previous fight, George Foreman had dominated Joe Frazier, knocking the champion down six times in less than two rounds to become the new undisputed heavyweight champion on January 22, 1973. For his first defense, it was announced that Foreman would travel to Tokyo to take on little-known Puerto Rican challenger Jose \"King\" Roman. Prior to landing his title match against Foreman, Roman had little success at that point, fighting mostly unknown jorneyman, losing seven times and was not viewed as legit threat to take Foreman's titles. Roman would nevertheless make history as the fourth Hispanic and first Puerto Rican fighter to challenge for a major heavyweight title. The fight was also the first heavyweight title bout to take place in Japan and would remain the only one until Mike Tyson successfully defended his undisputed heavyweight title in the Tokyo Dome against Tony Tubbs in 1988. Foreman would make quick work of Roman, ending the fight after just two minutes and making it one of the shortest heavyweight title fights in history. A little over a minute into the fight, Foreman had Roman up against the ropes and landed several powerful punches that put Roman down. Roman was able to get back up and continue on, but Foreman quickly resumed his attack and caught Roman flush with a right hook that sent Roman crashing to the mat. Roman again answered the referee's count, but Foreman would quickly hit Roman with a right uppercut that put Roman down for the count. Foreman was named the winner by knockout at 2:00 of the first round. (Retains World Boxing Council world Junior Lightweight title)", "George Foreman Grill The George Foreman Lean Mean Fat-Reducing Grilling Machine, commonly known as the George Foreman Grill, is a portable electrically heated grill manufactured by Spectrum Brands. It is promoted by former boxing champion George Foreman. Since its introduction in 1994, over 100 million George Foreman grills have been sold worldwide. The concept for the grill was created by Michael Boehm of Batavia, Illinois. The original intention was to create an indoor grill that would provide a unique benefit of cooking on both sides at once. A second key benefit was to reduce the fat content of hamburgers and other meats by draining away the fat into a separate reservoir. Michael Boehm designed the product with a floating hinge and slanted grilling surface to accommodate foods of different thicknesses and drain fat away from the food. Engineering work was performed by Bob Johnson. Boehm and Johnson brought a JVC camcorder and a sample of the product in bright yellow to the office of Barbara Westfield at Salton, Inc. The video was played, showing fat dripping from the grill into the collection tray. They presented the product as \"The Fajita Express\". The fajita grill had been promoted at industry trade shows in the early 1990s, but received little interest. The slanted grill concept was pitched by Tsann Kuen to Salton Inc. After one year, and several trade shows, Salton sent samples of the grill to George Foreman's colleagues, who then sent the grill to Foreman to test. Boehm was not involved in teaming up the grill and Foreman. Salton made several changes to the technical function of the product, removing the four risers meant for the user to lift up the grill, slide in one of the two included trays, and fill taco shells."], "answer": {"text": "His first defense, in Tokyo, pitted him against Puerto Rican Heavyweight Champion Jose Roman.", "answer_start": 1784}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the relation between George Foreman and Sunshine showdown?", "answer": {"text": "The Sunshine Showdown took place on January 22, 1973, in Kingston, Jamaica, with Foreman dominating the fight to win the championship by technical knockout.", "answer_start": 631, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won the fight?", "answer": {"text": "Frazier was knocked down six times by Foreman within two rounds", "answer_start": 981, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the knockdown?", "answer": {"text": "After the second knockdown, Frazier's balance and mobility were impaired to the extent that he was unable to evade Foreman's combinations.", "answer_start": 1105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collapse eventually after the knockdowns?", "answer": {"text": "Frazier managed to get to his feet for all six knockdowns, but referee Arthur Mercante eventually called an end to the one-sided bout.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Foreman defended his title successfully twice during his initial reign as champion.", "answer_start": 1700, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1baa0267653b46db8ac13049ca58ce16_0_q#0", "question": "What was the name of the EP released in 2004?", "rewrite": "What was the name of the EP released in 2004?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hines's songs have also been featured in two episodes of the Canadian television series Hello Goodbye that airs on CBC Television. \"Worth the Fight,\" Hines' first, full-length album, was released on December 7, 2010. In 2011, the title track won the Intel Superstars competition's Singer-Songwriter category, and the single \"Wrapped Up in Love\" was used in Walmart's Valentine's Day in-store promotional campaign in 2011 and 2012. The song \"Long Way to Letting Go\" was used in 16 & Pregnant on MTV[17] and also won the Intel Video Superstars competition's Music Video category in 2012.[18] \"The Living Room Sessions\" is a five-track live EP released on May 17, 2011. To record the album, Marie gathered a group of 27 of her good friends and fans for an audience and recorded a series of songs performed in her living room at her home in Nashville. The project was meant to provide fans with an experience like a concert in a living room, both visually and aurally. The song \"Long Way to Letting Go\" was used in \"16 & Pregnant\" on MTV and also won the Intel Video Superstars competition's Music Video category in 2012. \"HeartCrash\" is a five-track EP released on February 28, 2012. The single's music video, \"Perfect Kiss\", was played on \"CMT Pure\". \"The Tide and the Sea,\" a five-track collection of love songs, was released on February 12, 2013. The EP includes co-writes with the Nashville singer-songwriter Justin Halpin and Justin Tam of the Nashville folk band Humming House. \" Forever Mine\" has background vocals by Ben Ringel of the Nashville blues rock band The Delta Saints. \"Endless\" is a three-song EP released on June 9, 2015.", "Demons (From Her Eyes EP) Demons was the first major EP released by From Her Eyes on 25 August 2014. Demons was the first major EP released by From Her Eyes on 25 August 2014. After recording a demo EP in early 2013 from initial live songs, From Her Eyes were unsatisfied with their released material. Wanting to progress more towards melodic metalcore sound and shy away from clean vocals, the band released ex-Rhythm Guitarist Indigo Lani Lewis-Jones who was present with their demo. This was also the first release with Jesse Simmonds, who replaced ex-bassist and founding member Luke Williams in late 2013. With From Her Eyes being big fans of the work of Devil Sold His Soul and The Elijah, the band decided to enlist Jonny Renshaw to Record, Produce, Mix and Engineer the record, feeling he could capture the new melodic sound they were searching for. After recording iduring April 2014, the band released the EP on 25 August 2014, with an EP Launch show the week prior with friends and local compatriots Breathe in the Silence and Set to Break (now Captors) supporting. The album was received positively by critics. Ramzine and Wolves Media gave the EP a maximum score of 10/10. Wolves Media stated in their review that ' In the world of metalcore/hardcore, there aren\u2019t too many bands that do it for me quite like From Her Eyes, one of South Wales\u2019 best up and coming bands... This EP breaks new ground and will undoubtedly help From Her Eyes establish themselves as one of the defining metalcore bands of this generation. A masterpiece is an understatement.' Soundscape also commented on the bands potential in progression in the British metal scene in their 8/10 review, stating that 'The band are gonna go places, with obvious influences from architects and", "In a communique dated 28 November but released publicly on 3 December, the FARC-EP declared that they were no longer insisting on the demilitarisation of San Vicente del Cagu\u00e1n and Cartagena del Chair\u00e1 as a precondition for the negotiation of the prisoner exchange, but instead that of Florida and Pradera in the Valle department. They state that this area would lie outside the \"area of influence\" of both their Southern and Eastern Blocks (the FARC-EP's strongest) and that of the military operations being carried out by the Uribe administration. They requested security guarantees both for the displacement of their negotiators and that of the guerrillas that would be freed, which were stated to number as many as 500 or more, and ask the Catholic Church to coordinate the participation of the United Nations and other countries in the process. The FARC\u2013EP also mention in the communique that Sim\u00f3n Trinidad's extradition, would be a serious obstacle to reaching a prisoner exchange agreement with the government. On 17 December 2004, the Colombian government authorised Trinidad's extradition to the United States, but stated that the measure could be revoked if the FARC-EP released all political hostages and military captives in its possession before 30 December. The FARC-EP rejected the demand. On 25 March 2006, after a public announcement made weeks earlier, the FARC\u2013EP released two captured policemen at La Dorada, Putumayo. The release took place some southwest of Bogot\u00e1, near the Ecuadorean border. The Red Cross said the two were released in good health. Military operations in the area and bad weather had prevented the release from occurring one week earlier. In a separate series of events, civilian hostage and German citizen Lothar Hintze was released by FARC \u2013EP on 4 April 2006, after five years in captivity.", "Random Hero (band) discography The discography of the American active rock band Random Hero consists of three EPs, one compilation album, and five radio singles. The band is produced exclusively by Ben Kasica, famed guitarist of the band Skillet. Random Hero is known for their energy charged live shows and widely appealing music. The band has worked with MTV, the ESPN X-Games, AMA Motocross, the Go Fast Extreme Games, and is the exclusive band for the Live the Dream Tour. Live the Dream Tour is an organization that holds unique assembly programs for high school and middle school students in order to donate money to the fledgling school music programs. Recorded at B Train Studios, Carry Me , Bury Me is the first LP released by Random Hero and is slated to be released on June 18, 2013. The Random Hero EP is the first compilation EP released by Random Hero. The Random Hero EP is only available on max3's website for download. The band recorded the new songs at Spiked Audio in Highlands Ranch, CO in 2008 and was released in November 20, 2009. The EP (aka the Black EP) is the first extended play EP released by Random Hero. The Black EP was distributed at shows and as an iTunes download, with a black background to the cover art, hence the unofficial alternate name to distinguish from the later release by the same name. The band recorded the new songs at Spiked Audio in Highlands Ranch, CO and was released in October 13, 2009, by Fury Records. The EP (White EP) is the second extended play EP released by Random Hero. The White EP was only distributed at shows, and only in white sleeve packaging, hence the unofficial alternate name. The band recorded the new songs at Spiked Audio in Highlands Ranch, CO and was released in May 2010, by Fury Records. The Breakdown EP is the third extended play EP released by Random Hero.", "Patsy Cline (1957 EP) Patsy Cline is an EP released by American country music singer, Patsy Cline on August 5, 1957. It was Cline's first EP released through Decca Records, as her previous was released under Coral Records, a Decca subsidiary. \" Patsy Cline\" was released on the same day her self-titled debut album was released, as well as a second EP, titled, \"Songs by Patsy Cline.\" This EP, consisted of four tracks, two on each side of the record. Side one contained the songs \" That Wonderful Someone\" and \"Three Cigarettes (In an Ashtray),\" while side two contained \"Hungry for Love\" and \"Fingerprints. \" All four of the songs were also released on her 1957 debut album, unlike the \"Songs Patsy Cline\" EP, which didn't release any songs on her album. Cline's label , Four Star Records leased her EP through Decca records (where it had been recorded) and issued it from there. It would be her last EP of Four Star material until 1964. The cover photograph was the same photo released on her debut album that year. The cover was taken by photographer, Elmer Williams. Side 1:  Side 2: All recording sessions took place at Bradley Film and Recording Studios as well as Decca's Pythian Temple Studio in New York, New York and Nashville, Tennessee, United States respectively."], "answer": {"text": "Saosin EP.", "answer_start": 1336}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1baa0267653b46db8ac13049ca58ce16_0_q#1", "question": "What was the name of the lead singer ?", "rewrite": "What was the name of the lead singer of Saosin EP?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:", "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer. Reber had sent in his demo tape, which was an acoustic demo with \"Mookie's Last Christmas\". The demo has since leaked onto the internet. It is widely speculated to have included a few songs from Translating the Name. When Beau Burchell first heard the demo, he thought it was Anthony playing a trick on them, as Reber's vocal stylings were very similar to those of Green's when the demo was originally recorded. In an interview with PlayPro.com, Reber commented that \"everyone I've played with wants to make music their lives...Saosin is a band on a completely different level. All these dudes are freaks about music.\" Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans. Many fans consider the time with Green to be something entirely different from the time with Reber. There are still distinct fans of both eras (Green Era/Reber Era) debating on which is a better fit for the band as a whole. Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour for the second time. That summer, they released the Saosin EP. At first it was intended to be a free sampler, but Capitol Records would not allow this and released it as an EP. It contained demo versions of songs later recorded on their first full-length album. A video to their new single \"Bury Your Head\" was filmed during the tour. The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria.", "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003. On June 17, the band released their first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name. It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Saosin first became popular through promotion and exposure through the Internet. They became known for their distinct musical styles long before their first studio-length album was released, and were popularized on social networking and music sites such as MySpace. The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies. Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on, as he wanted to pursue a career in art. He was later replaced by Chris Sorenson. A local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath,  was hired only for the recording for the EP, according to Burchell. The band was impressed with his drumming skills however, and he later appeared as a guest performing Lost Symphonies live with the band. Alex Rodriguez was unable to record Translating the Name as he had promised his band at the time Open Hand he would finish recording with them. Danny King filled in for live drums with the band before Rodriguez completed his responsibilities with Open Hand and joined Saosin full-time after the EP release. Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name. In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band Circa Survive. Green was homesick, depressed and said he was missing his family. Green was also disenchanted with the direction of Saosin and disliked that the band excluded him from the writing process. The band finished their Warped Tour obligations with Story of the Year's Philip Sneed taking the mic.", "Saosin (EP) Saosin is the second EP by American rock band Saosin. It was their first Capitol Records release, and the first release to feature Cove Reber as vocalist in place of Anthony Green. \"Saosin\" is sometimes referred to as the \"Warped Tour EP\" or the \"Black EP\". It was not intended to be an official release, but was intended to be a free sampler that would be distributed during the 2005 Van's Warped Tour. Capitol Records, the band's label, did not allow it and instead released it as an EP. \"Bury Your Head\" is the only single from the release. It also contains demos from their debut album \"Saosin\", including: \"I Wanna Hear Another Fast Song\" (to be recorded as \"Sleepers\") and \"New Angel\" (to be recorded as \"I Never Wanted To\").", "Saosin (album) Saosin also known as the beetle album is the debut self-titled studio album by American rock band Saosin, released September 26, 2006 through Capitol Records. It is the band's second release to feature lead vocalist Cove Reber. A limited edition version of the album was also released and included a behind the scenes look into the making of the album as well as music videos of \"Bury Your Head\" (\"Saosin EP\" version) and \"Lost Symphonies\" (a song first included on the 2003 \"Translating the Name\" EP). The album has currently sold an estimated 800,000 copies worldwide. All lyrics written by Cove Reber and Beau Burchell. All music composed by Saosin. \"Saosin\" album personnel as listed on Allmusic. Saosin Additional musicians Artwork Production Album \"Billboard\" Singles \"Billboard\""], "answer": {"text": "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of the EP released in 2004?", "answer": {"text": "Saosin EP.", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1baa0267653b46db8ac13049ca58ce16_0_q#2", "question": "Were any of the demos with guest vocalist released?", "rewrite": "Were any of the demos in Saosin EP with guest vocalist released?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Saosin (album) Saosin also known as the beetle album is the debut self-titled studio album by American rock band Saosin, released September 26, 2006 through Capitol Records. It is the band's second release to feature lead vocalist Cove Reber. A limited edition version of the album was also released and included a behind the scenes look into the making of the album as well as music videos of \"Bury Your Head\" (\"Saosin EP\" version) and \"Lost Symphonies\" (a song first included on the 2003 \"Translating the Name\" EP). The album has currently sold an estimated 800,000 copies worldwide. All lyrics written by Cove Reber and Beau Burchell. All music composed by Saosin. \"Saosin\" album personnel as listed on Allmusic. Saosin Additional musicians Artwork Production Album \"Billboard\" Singles \"Billboard\"", "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003. On June 17, the band released their first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name. It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Saosin first became popular through promotion and exposure through the Internet. They became known for their distinct musical styles long before their first studio-length album was released, and were popularized on social networking and music sites such as MySpace. The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies. Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on, as he wanted to pursue a career in art. He was later replaced by Chris Sorenson. A local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath,  was hired only for the recording for the EP, according to Burchell. The band was impressed with his drumming skills however, and he later appeared as a guest performing Lost Symphonies live with the band. Alex Rodriguez was unable to record Translating the Name as he had promised his band at the time Open Hand he would finish recording with them. Danny King filled in for live drums with the band before Rodriguez completed his responsibilities with Open Hand and joined Saosin full-time after the EP release. Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name. In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band Circa Survive. Green was homesick, depressed and said he was missing his family. Green was also disenchanted with the direction of Saosin and disliked that the band excluded him from the writing process. The band finished their Warped Tour obligations with Story of the Year's Philip Sneed taking the mic.", "Saosin (EP) Saosin is the second EP by American rock band Saosin. It was their first Capitol Records release, and the first release to feature Cove Reber as vocalist in place of Anthony Green. \"Saosin\" is sometimes referred to as the \"Warped Tour EP\" or the \"Black EP\". It was not intended to be an official release, but was intended to be a free sampler that would be distributed during the 2005 Van's Warped Tour. Capitol Records, the band's label, did not allow it and instead released it as an EP. \"Bury Your Head\" is the only single from the release. It also contains demos from their debut album \"Saosin\", including: \"I Wanna Hear Another Fast Song\" (to be recorded as \"Sleepers\") and \"New Angel\" (to be recorded as \"I Never Wanted To\").", "Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:", "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer. Reber had sent in his demo tape, which was an acoustic demo with \"Mookie's Last Christmas\". The demo has since leaked onto the internet. It is widely speculated to have included a few songs from Translating the Name. When Beau Burchell first heard the demo, he thought it was Anthony playing a trick on them, as Reber's vocal stylings were very similar to those of Green's when the demo was originally recorded. In an interview with PlayPro.com, Reber commented that \"everyone I've played with wants to make music their lives...Saosin is a band on a completely different level. All these dudes are freaks about music.\" Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans. Many fans consider the time with Green to be something entirely different from the time with Reber. There are still distinct fans of both eras (Green Era/Reber Era) debating on which is a better fit for the band as a whole. Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour for the second time. That summer, they released the Saosin EP. At first it was intended to be a free sampler, but Capitol Records would not allow this and released it as an EP. It contained demo versions of songs later recorded on their first full-length album. A video to their new single \"Bury Your Head\" was filmed during the tour. The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of the EP released in 2004?", "answer": {"text": "Saosin EP.", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the lead singer ?", "answer": {"text": "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1baa0267653b46db8ac13049ca58ce16_0_q#3", "question": "When Cove became lead singer was he accepted by everyone in the band?", "rewrite": "When Cove Reber became lead singer was Cove Reber accepted by everyone in the Saosin EP band?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer. Reber had sent in his demo tape, which was an acoustic demo with \"Mookie's Last Christmas\". The demo has since leaked onto the internet. It is widely speculated to have included a few songs from Translating the Name. When Beau Burchell first heard the demo, he thought it was Anthony playing a trick on them, as Reber's vocal stylings were very similar to those of Green's when the demo was originally recorded. In an interview with PlayPro.com, Reber commented that \"everyone I've played with wants to make music their lives...Saosin is a band on a completely different level. All these dudes are freaks about music.\" Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans. Many fans consider the time with Green to be something entirely different from the time with Reber. There are still distinct fans of both eras (Green Era/Reber Era) debating on which is a better fit for the band as a whole. Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour for the second time. That summer, they released the Saosin EP. At first it was intended to be a free sampler, but Capitol Records would not allow this and released it as an EP. It contained demo versions of songs later recorded on their first full-length album. A video to their new single \"Bury Your Head\" was filmed during the tour. The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria.", "Saosin (album) Saosin also known as the beetle album is the debut self-titled studio album by American rock band Saosin, released September 26, 2006 through Capitol Records. It is the band's second release to feature lead vocalist Cove Reber. A limited edition version of the album was also released and included a behind the scenes look into the making of the album as well as music videos of \"Bury Your Head\" (\"Saosin EP\" version) and \"Lost Symphonies\" (a song first included on the 2003 \"Translating the Name\" EP). The album has currently sold an estimated 800,000 copies worldwide. All lyrics written by Cove Reber and Beau Burchell. All music composed by Saosin. \"Saosin\" album personnel as listed on Allmusic. Saosin Additional musicians Artwork Production Album \"Billboard\" Singles \"Billboard\"", "Saosin (EP) Saosin is the second EP by American rock band Saosin. It was their first Capitol Records release, and the first release to feature Cove Reber as vocalist in place of Anthony Green. \"Saosin\" is sometimes referred to as the \"Warped Tour EP\" or the \"Black EP\". It was not intended to be an official release, but was intended to be a free sampler that would be distributed during the 2005 Van's Warped Tour. Capitol Records, the band's label, did not allow it and instead released it as an EP. \"Bury Your Head\" is the only single from the release. It also contains demos from their debut album \"Saosin\", including: \"I Wanna Hear Another Fast Song\" (to be recorded as \"Sleepers\") and \"New Angel\" (to be recorded as \"I Never Wanted To\").", "In Search of Solid Ground In Search of Solid Ground is the second studio album by American rock band Saosin, released on September 8, 2009 through Virgin Records. Recording sessions for the album saw Saosin recording with multiple producers such as Butch Walker, John Feldman, and Lucas from Matt Squire's production team. Five songs off the album were self-produced by the band's guitarist Beau Burchell and bass guitarist Chris Sorenson. The album is also the last release to feature former lead vocalist Cove Reber and the guitarist Justin Shekoski. PacSun hosted a listening party at 5pm in every PacSun store to hear the full album on September 7, 2009. The song \"Why Can't You See\" was made available on Last.fm. The full album was released in Japan on September 1, 2009 with the bonus track \" You Never Noticed Me. \" The album was put on MySpace on September 4. The b-side \"Move Slow\" is included on the NCIS: Soundtrack - Vol. 2 which was released on November 3, 2009. Reception of the album has been divided amongst fans due to the change in style. The album was removed from iTunes for unknown reasons, but it was made available again sometime in early 2012. The original album artwork was revealed on July 13, 2009 by \"Alternative Press\". The cover was immediately met with a negative reaction from fans causing Saosin to reevaluate their decision two days before the album was pressed. The band attempted to create something \"high concept\" with the original art, but the negative reaction helped the band realize that they \"always keep things simple and strong and let the music speak for itself.\" Three of the songs on the album are re-recordings of tracks from \"The Grey EP\" (2008). \"I Keep My Secrets Safe\" is a re-recording of \"Keep Secrets\".", "Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:"], "answer": {"text": "Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans.", "answer_start": 766}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of the EP released in 2004?", "answer": {"text": "Saosin EP.", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the lead singer ?", "answer": {"text": "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any of the demos with guest vocalist released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1baa0267653b46db8ac13049ca58ce16_0_q#4", "question": "Did they replace anyone else in the band ?", "rewrite": "Besides Cove Reber's addition the the Saosin EP band,did Saolin EP replace anyone else in the band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Saosin (EP) Saosin is the second EP by American rock band Saosin. It was their first Capitol Records release, and the first release to feature Cove Reber as vocalist in place of Anthony Green. \"Saosin\" is sometimes referred to as the \"Warped Tour EP\" or the \"Black EP\". It was not intended to be an official release, but was intended to be a free sampler that would be distributed during the 2005 Van's Warped Tour. Capitol Records, the band's label, did not allow it and instead released it as an EP. \"Bury Your Head\" is the only single from the release. It also contains demos from their debut album \"Saosin\", including: \"I Wanna Hear Another Fast Song\" (to be recorded as \"Sleepers\") and \"New Angel\" (to be recorded as \"I Never Wanted To\").", "Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:", "Saosin (album) Saosin also known as the beetle album is the debut self-titled studio album by American rock band Saosin, released September 26, 2006 through Capitol Records. It is the band's second release to feature lead vocalist Cove Reber. A limited edition version of the album was also released and included a behind the scenes look into the making of the album as well as music videos of \"Bury Your Head\" (\"Saosin EP\" version) and \"Lost Symphonies\" (a song first included on the 2003 \"Translating the Name\" EP). The album has currently sold an estimated 800,000 copies worldwide. All lyrics written by Cove Reber and Beau Burchell. All music composed by Saosin. \"Saosin\" album personnel as listed on Allmusic. Saosin Additional musicians Artwork Production Album \"Billboard\" Singles \"Billboard\"", "In Search of Solid Ground In Search of Solid Ground is the second studio album by American rock band Saosin, released on September 8, 2009 through Virgin Records. Recording sessions for the album saw Saosin recording with multiple producers such as Butch Walker, John Feldman, and Lucas from Matt Squire's production team. Five songs off the album were self-produced by the band's guitarist Beau Burchell and bass guitarist Chris Sorenson. The album is also the last release to feature former lead vocalist Cove Reber and the guitarist Justin Shekoski. PacSun hosted a listening party at 5pm in every PacSun store to hear the full album on September 7, 2009. The song \"Why Can't You See\" was made available on Last.fm. The full album was released in Japan on September 1, 2009 with the bonus track \" You Never Noticed Me. \" The album was put on MySpace on September 4. The b-side \"Move Slow\" is included on the NCIS: Soundtrack - Vol. 2 which was released on November 3, 2009. Reception of the album has been divided amongst fans due to the change in style. The album was removed from iTunes for unknown reasons, but it was made available again sometime in early 2012. The original album artwork was revealed on July 13, 2009 by \"Alternative Press\". The cover was immediately met with a negative reaction from fans causing Saosin to reevaluate their decision two days before the album was pressed. The band attempted to create something \"high concept\" with the original art, but the negative reaction helped the band realize that they \"always keep things simple and strong and let the music speak for itself.\" Three of the songs on the album are re-recordings of tracks from \"The Grey EP\" (2008). \"I Keep My Secrets Safe\" is a re-recording of \"Keep Secrets\".", "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer. Reber had sent in his demo tape, which was an acoustic demo with \"Mookie's Last Christmas\". The demo has since leaked onto the internet. It is widely speculated to have included a few songs from Translating the Name. When Beau Burchell first heard the demo, he thought it was Anthony playing a trick on them, as Reber's vocal stylings were very similar to those of Green's when the demo was originally recorded. In an interview with PlayPro.com, Reber commented that \"everyone I've played with wants to make music their lives...Saosin is a band on a completely different level. All these dudes are freaks about music.\" Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans. Many fans consider the time with Green to be something entirely different from the time with Reber. There are still distinct fans of both eras (Green Era/Reber Era) debating on which is a better fit for the band as a whole. Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour for the second time. That summer, they released the Saosin EP. At first it was intended to be a free sampler, but Capitol Records would not allow this and released it as an EP. It contained demo versions of songs later recorded on their first full-length album. A video to their new single \"Bury Your Head\" was filmed during the tour. The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the name of the EP released in 2004?", "answer": {"text": "Saosin EP.", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the lead singer ?", "answer": {"text": "After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were any of the demos with guest vocalist released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When Cove became lead singer was he accepted by everyone in the band?", "answer": {"text": "Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#0", "question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "rewrite": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His tenure at Station Park ended in relegation in 1992 and Hegarty left shortly afterwards. Hegarty's next role was a return to Dundee United when he was offered a position on the club's coaching staff. After leaving Tannadice again in 1995 he went on to work for Hearts and Aberdeen in coaching capacities, returning to management at Aberdeen. Following the dismissal of Alex Miller, he was appointed as manager on an interim basis in January 1999. However, despite saving the club from relegation, Aberdeen elected at the end of the season not to continue with Hegarty in the job on a long-term basis. Once again, Dundee United offered Hegarty a coaching role, which became a manager role in October 2002 after chairman Eddie Thompson was unable to prise first-choice Ian McCall from Falkirk. Initially appointed as caretaker, Hegarty's role was to be extended until the end of the season before he was sacked in January 2003 \u2013 and subsequently replaced with McCall. Since his latest departure from Tannadice, Hegarty continued to work in coaching, having been on the staff of both Livingston and Dunfermline. While at Dunfermline, Hegarty was approached by Inverness CT to be part of the management with former Dundee United colleague Maurice Malpas, although the move never materialised. He was eventually appointed as assistant to Malpas at Motherwell on 25 May 2006, although later replaced by Scott Leitch when Malpas was sacked in June 2007. In March 2008, Hegarty was reported to be one of new Scotland manager George Burley's scouts for the World Cup qualifying group. However, in December 2008 he was appointed as the manager of Livingston after Roberto Landi was sacked. Livingston had severe financial problems, however, and Hegarty left the post a few months later.", "1987\u201388 Dundee United F.C. season The 1987\u201388 season was the 79th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1987 to 30 June 1988. United finished in fifth place, securing UEFA Cup Winners' Cup football for the following season, despite their Scottish Cup final defeat to Celtic (Celtic qualified for European competition as league winners). Dundee United played a total of 60 competitive matches during the 1987\u201388 season. The team finished fifth in the Scottish Premier Division. In the cup competitions, United lost in the final of the Scottish Cup to Celtic and lost in the Skol Cup quarter-finals to rivals Dundee. Czechoslovakian side V\u00edtkovice ensured United wouldn't repeat last season's UEFA Cup run, beating them in the second round. All results are written with Dundee United's score first. During the 1987\u201388 season, United used 31 different players comprising four nationalities. Maurice Malpas featured in all but one of United's 60 matches. The table below shows the number of appearances and goals scored by each player. United had 19 players score with the team scoring 83 goals in total. The top goalscorer was Iain Ferguson, who finished the season with 16 goals. During the 1987\u201388 season, two United players were sent off. Statistics for cautions are unavailable. The club signed three players during the season with a total public cost of at least \u00a3200,000 (one figure unknown). Four players were sold by the club during the season with a public total of at least \u00a380,000 (some figures unavailable). The jerseys were sponsored by Belhaven Beers for the first time.", "Motherwell retook the lead a mere three minutes later when a Davie Cooper free-kick was flicked on by John Clark and headed past Alan Main by Phil O'Donnell. \"The Steelmen\" further extended their lead on 65 minutes when an Ian Angus shot from the edge of the penalty box flew into the top corner of the goal. Despite now being 3\u20131 down, Dundee United rallied and quickly pulled a goal back; John O'Neil headering in a Dave Bowman cross from the right. It was O'Neil's first competitive goal for United. Dundee United laid siege to the Motherwell goal for the rest of the second half, but Motherwell looked like holding on until in the last minute Darren Jackson equalised. In the final moments of the second half, Maurice Malpas had a chance to win it for United, but his shot was off-target. The final now went in to extra time. Four minutes in, Motherwell substitute Steve Kirk headed in at the back post to put Motherwell 4\u20133 ahead. Dundee United pushed on again in another effort to draw level, and near the end Maurice Malpas was denied a goal by a flying save from Maxwell. Shortly after that, John Clark shot past. This time, however, Motherwell held on to full-time to win the cup, condemning Dundee United to their sixth Scottish Cup Final defeat in 17 years.", "1988\u201389 Dundee United F.C. season The 1988\u201389 season was the 80th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from July 1, 1988 to June 30, 1989. United finished in fourth place, securing UEFA Cup football for the following season. Dundee United played a total of 50 competitive matches during the 1988\u201389 season. The team finished fourth in the Scottish Premier Division. In the cup competitions, United lost in the quarter-finals of the Scottish Cup to eventual runners-up Rangers and lost in the Skol Cup semi-finals to Aberdeen, who also finished as losers in the final. Romanian side Dinamo Bucharest knocked United out of the Cup Winners' Cup in the second round. All results are written with Dundee United's score first. During the 1988\u201389 season, United used 31 different players comprising four nationalities. Maurice Malpas was the only player to play in every match. The table below shows the number of appearances and goals scored by each player. United had 17 players score with the team scoring 60 goals in total. The top goalscorer was Mixu Paatelainen, who finished the season with 17 goals. The club signed four players during the season with a total public cost of at least \u00a3450,000 (one figure unknown). Seven players were sold by the club during the season with a public total of at least \u00a31.1m (some figures unavailable). One player also retired. The jerseys were sponsored by Belhaven for a second season.", "He resigned on 19 August 2007 due to the pressures of the job, and because he believed it to be the correct decision for him and his family. He has now resumed his former role, running the club's Centenary Club lottery. A short time after Christie resigned, Craig Brewster was reappointed. This was a controversial decision by the club, as Brewster had left to manage Dundee United only 18 months previously. He was eventually sacked in January 2009, after a run of seven league defeats. Prior to this, the ICT supporters had become increasingly concerned about poor performances and rumours of dressing room unrest, leading to a protest by fans at the team's 1\u20130 defeat by Hamilton on the weekend before the sacking. Brewster's successor, the former England international Terry Butcher was appointed on 27 January 2009, along with Maurice Malpas as his assistant. Terry Butcher managed in over 200 matches for the club, the 100th taking place on Friday 6 October 2012, in the 3\u20131 win over Ross County in the first SPL Highland derby. In November 2013, after nearly five years at Inverness, Hibernian reached a compensation deal with the club for Terry Butcher to move to Easter Road alongside assistant manager Maurice Malpas. After an extensive recruitment process, on 4 December 2013, John Hughes was unveiled as the new manager of the club. Hughes left Caledonian Thistle on 20 May 2016, citing frustrations with his player budget and the club's failure to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3\u20132 win over Motherwell."], "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#1", "question": "What position did he play?", "rewrite": "What position did Maurice Malpas play?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 13 March 2008, Timlin rejoined Swindon on loan for the remainder of the season, making 10 appearances. On 3 May, hours after the conclusion of the 2007\u201308 League One season, it was announced that he had joined Swindon on a permanent two-year deal. He officially joined his new club on 1 July 2008. Ahead of the 2008\u201309 season, Timlin was given number 4 shirt. Timlin began the 2008/2009 season in his preferred central midfield role. However, Maurice Malpas took Timlin out for the visit of Leeds United, and on his return to the squad a week later, he appeared on the left side of midfield. Towards the end of October, when Malpas' defensive-minded approach hadn't appeared to work, Timlin was moved to yet another new position on the left side of the defence to fill the gap of injured Jamie Vincent. Adapting well, Timlin also stood in as captain in the absence of Hasney Aljofree. Maurice Malpas was sacked in November, and Timlin moved back to central midfield under caretaker manager David Byrne. As Danny Wilson took charge, Timlin was playing at left side of defence again, but after Wilson\"s first game in charge, Timlin was moved to the left side of midfield and then back to central midfield. Timlin was ever-present in the middle of midfield for the remainder of the season, only missing two games through suspension. The 2009\u201310 season was frustrating for Timlin, as he spent most of the season on the bench, which during the time, the club was making their attempt to the Championship losing out to Millwall in the Playoff Final at Wembley. Despite lack of first opportunities, Timlin signed a new one-year deal after being offered a new contract.", "Motherwell retook the lead a mere three minutes later when a Davie Cooper free-kick was flicked on by John Clark and headed past Alan Main by Phil O'Donnell. \"The Steelmen\" further extended their lead on 65 minutes when an Ian Angus shot from the edge of the penalty box flew into the top corner of the goal. Despite now being 3\u20131 down, Dundee United rallied and quickly pulled a goal back; John O'Neil headering in a Dave Bowman cross from the right. It was O'Neil's first competitive goal for United. Dundee United laid siege to the Motherwell goal for the rest of the second half, but Motherwell looked like holding on until in the last minute Darren Jackson equalised. In the final moments of the second half, Maurice Malpas had a chance to win it for United, but his shot was off-target. The final now went in to extra time. Four minutes in, Motherwell substitute Steve Kirk headed in at the back post to put Motherwell 4\u20133 ahead. Dundee United pushed on again in another effort to draw level, and near the end Maurice Malpas was denied a goal by a flying save from Maxwell. Shortly after that, John Clark shot past. This time, however, Motherwell held on to full-time to win the cup, condemning Dundee United to their sixth Scottish Cup Final defeat in 17 years.", "Malpas, Newport  Malpas is an electoral district (ward) and coterminous community (parish) of the city of Newport, South Wales. The area is governed by the Newport City Council. The ward is bounded by the A4042 Heidenheim Drive to the east, the city boundary to the north, Malpas brook to the west, and Bettws Lane, Llanover Close, and the western and northern edges of Graig Wood, Yewberry Lane and Grove Park Drive to the south. The name is French and comes from \"Mal\" (bad/poor) and \"Pas\" (passage/way). Earlier examples of the name include the definite article 'Le' and even an odd Welsh definite article 'Y' i.e. \"Le Malpas\", \"Y Malpas\". There are two large housing estates either side of the main Malpas Road (A4051). To the west is Hollybush and the council estates Westfield and Malpas Court, although many of the houses are now in private ownership. To the east are the privately owned estates Woodlands, Malpas Park, Pilton Vale and Claremont. The roads in Malpas Court take their names from famous inventors and scientists, while those in Malpas Park are named after trees. The roads in Woodlands are named after World War II generals, e.g. Allenbrooke Avenue, Horrocks Close, Montgomery Road, Robertson Way, Wavell Drive, etc. Claremont and Pilton Vale however are just single street names with large house numbers. The Malpas Institute Trust is a charitable fund, founded on the sale of the World War I Memorial Institute. There are four primary schools in the ward. Malpas Church Infants, Malpas Church Juniors, Malpas Court, and Malpas Park.", "David Byrne (footballer, born 1961) David Stuart Byrne (born 5 March 1961) is an English former professional footballer. Byrne was a winger and began his career in non-league football, before moving to Gillingham in July 1985. He moved to Millwall on 4 August 1986 for a fee of \u00a35,000. He joined Cambridge United on loan on 8 September 1988 and Blackburn Rovers on loan on 23 February 1989. On 16 March 1989 he joined Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer. He later played for Bristol Rovers, Watford and went on loan to Reading and Fulham. He joined Shamrock Rovers in January 1993 also on loan from Watford but only made four league appearances. After returning to Watford joined Scottish side St Johnstone and Partick Thistle. He joined Walsall on loan in February 1994 and after leaving Partick played for St Mirren, Ayr United and Albion Rovers where he was player-coach in 1996. He also had a brief loan spell at Tottenham in 1995, featuring in their makeshift squad for the Intertoto Cup. He later coached the Plymouth Argyle youth team and was appointed as Director of Football at Plymouth College of Further Education. In November 2006 he was assisting Ian Atkins on a non-contract basis at Torquay United. On 28 November 2006, Byrne left his post at PCFE when he was named as the new Youth Team Manager at Swindon Town working under former Plymouth Argyle boss Paul Sturrock. After Sturrock left Swindon to take the role of managing his previous club, Plymouth, Byrne took temporary charge of Swindon. When Maurice Malpas became manager, Byrne became his assistant. Byrne again became Caretaker manager of Swindon following the departure of manager Maurice Malpas, on 14 November 2008. Following the news that Danny Wilson was confirmed as the new manager of Swindon Town, on 26 December 2008, David Byrne again reverted to being assistant manager.", "He resigned on 19 August 2007 due to the pressures of the job, and because he believed it to be the correct decision for him and his family. He has now resumed his former role, running the club's Centenary Club lottery. A short time after Christie resigned, Craig Brewster was reappointed. This was a controversial decision by the club, as Brewster had left to manage Dundee United only 18 months previously. He was eventually sacked in January 2009, after a run of seven league defeats. Prior to this, the ICT supporters had become increasingly concerned about poor performances and rumours of dressing room unrest, leading to a protest by fans at the team's 1\u20130 defeat by Hamilton on the weekend before the sacking. Brewster's successor, the former England international Terry Butcher was appointed on 27 January 2009, along with Maurice Malpas as his assistant. Terry Butcher managed in over 200 matches for the club, the 100th taking place on Friday 6 October 2012, in the 3\u20131 win over Ross County in the first SPL Highland derby. In November 2013, after nearly five years at Inverness, Hibernian reached a compensation deal with the club for Terry Butcher to move to Easter Road alongside assistant manager Maurice Malpas. After an extensive recruitment process, on 4 December 2013, John Hughes was unveiled as the new manager of the club. Hughes left Caledonian Thistle on 20 May 2016, citing frustrations with his player budget and the club's failure to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3\u20132 win over Motherwell."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#2", "question": "Did he coach?", "rewrite": "Did Maurice Malpas coach?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["David Byrne (footballer, born 1961) David Stuart Byrne (born 5 March 1961) is an English former professional footballer. Byrne was a winger and began his career in non-league football, before moving to Gillingham in July 1985. He moved to Millwall on 4 August 1986 for a fee of \u00a35,000. He joined Cambridge United on loan on 8 September 1988 and Blackburn Rovers on loan on 23 February 1989. On 16 March 1989 he joined Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer. He later played for Bristol Rovers, Watford and went on loan to Reading and Fulham. He joined Shamrock Rovers in January 1993 also on loan from Watford but only made four league appearances. After returning to Watford joined Scottish side St Johnstone and Partick Thistle. He joined Walsall on loan in February 1994 and after leaving Partick played for St Mirren, Ayr United and Albion Rovers where he was player-coach in 1996. He also had a brief loan spell at Tottenham in 1995, featuring in their makeshift squad for the Intertoto Cup. He later coached the Plymouth Argyle youth team and was appointed as Director of Football at Plymouth College of Further Education. In November 2006 he was assisting Ian Atkins on a non-contract basis at Torquay United. On 28 November 2006, Byrne left his post at PCFE when he was named as the new Youth Team Manager at Swindon Town working under former Plymouth Argyle boss Paul Sturrock. After Sturrock left Swindon to take the role of managing his previous club, Plymouth, Byrne took temporary charge of Swindon. When Maurice Malpas became manager, Byrne became his assistant. Byrne again became Caretaker manager of Swindon following the departure of manager Maurice Malpas, on 14 November 2008. Following the news that Danny Wilson was confirmed as the new manager of Swindon Town, on 26 December 2008, David Byrne again reverted to being assistant manager.", "Malpas, Newport  Malpas is an electoral district (ward) and coterminous community (parish) of the city of Newport, South Wales. The area is governed by the Newport City Council. The ward is bounded by the A4042 Heidenheim Drive to the east, the city boundary to the north, Malpas brook to the west, and Bettws Lane, Llanover Close, and the western and northern edges of Graig Wood, Yewberry Lane and Grove Park Drive to the south. The name is French and comes from \"Mal\" (bad/poor) and \"Pas\" (passage/way). Earlier examples of the name include the definite article 'Le' and even an odd Welsh definite article 'Y' i.e. \"Le Malpas\", \"Y Malpas\". There are two large housing estates either side of the main Malpas Road (A4051). To the west is Hollybush and the council estates Westfield and Malpas Court, although many of the houses are now in private ownership. To the east are the privately owned estates Woodlands, Malpas Park, Pilton Vale and Claremont. The roads in Malpas Court take their names from famous inventors and scientists, while those in Malpas Park are named after trees. The roads in Woodlands are named after World War II generals, e.g. Allenbrooke Avenue, Horrocks Close, Montgomery Road, Robertson Way, Wavell Drive, etc. Claremont and Pilton Vale however are just single street names with large house numbers. The Malpas Institute Trust is a charitable fund, founded on the sale of the World War I Memorial Institute. There are four primary schools in the ward. Malpas Church Infants, Malpas Church Juniors, Malpas Court, and Malpas Park.", "Motherwell retook the lead a mere three minutes later when a Davie Cooper free-kick was flicked on by John Clark and headed past Alan Main by Phil O'Donnell. \"The Steelmen\" further extended their lead on 65 minutes when an Ian Angus shot from the edge of the penalty box flew into the top corner of the goal. Despite now being 3\u20131 down, Dundee United rallied and quickly pulled a goal back; John O'Neil headering in a Dave Bowman cross from the right. It was O'Neil's first competitive goal for United. Dundee United laid siege to the Motherwell goal for the rest of the second half, but Motherwell looked like holding on until in the last minute Darren Jackson equalised. In the final moments of the second half, Maurice Malpas had a chance to win it for United, but his shot was off-target. The final now went in to extra time. Four minutes in, Motherwell substitute Steve Kirk headed in at the back post to put Motherwell 4\u20133 ahead. Dundee United pushed on again in another effort to draw level, and near the end Maurice Malpas was denied a goal by a flying save from Maxwell. Shortly after that, John Clark shot past. This time, however, Motherwell held on to full-time to win the cup, condemning Dundee United to their sixth Scottish Cup Final defeat in 17 years.", "On 13 March 2008, Timlin rejoined Swindon on loan for the remainder of the season, making 10 appearances. On 3 May, hours after the conclusion of the 2007\u201308 League One season, it was announced that he had joined Swindon on a permanent two-year deal. He officially joined his new club on 1 July 2008. Ahead of the 2008\u201309 season, Timlin was given number 4 shirt. Timlin began the 2008/2009 season in his preferred central midfield role. However, Maurice Malpas took Timlin out for the visit of Leeds United, and on his return to the squad a week later, he appeared on the left side of midfield. Towards the end of October, when Malpas' defensive-minded approach hadn't appeared to work, Timlin was moved to yet another new position on the left side of the defence to fill the gap of injured Jamie Vincent. Adapting well, Timlin also stood in as captain in the absence of Hasney Aljofree. Maurice Malpas was sacked in November, and Timlin moved back to central midfield under caretaker manager David Byrne. As Danny Wilson took charge, Timlin was playing at left side of defence again, but after Wilson\"s first game in charge, Timlin was moved to the left side of midfield and then back to central midfield. Timlin was ever-present in the middle of midfield for the remainder of the season, only missing two games through suspension. The 2009\u201310 season was frustrating for Timlin, as he spent most of the season on the bench, which during the time, the club was making their attempt to the Championship losing out to Millwall in the Playoff Final at Wembley. Despite lack of first opportunities, Timlin signed a new one-year deal after being offered a new contract.", "He resigned on 19 August 2007 due to the pressures of the job, and because he believed it to be the correct decision for him and his family. He has now resumed his former role, running the club's Centenary Club lottery. A short time after Christie resigned, Craig Brewster was reappointed. This was a controversial decision by the club, as Brewster had left to manage Dundee United only 18 months previously. He was eventually sacked in January 2009, after a run of seven league defeats. Prior to this, the ICT supporters had become increasingly concerned about poor performances and rumours of dressing room unrest, leading to a protest by fans at the team's 1\u20130 defeat by Hamilton on the weekend before the sacking. Brewster's successor, the former England international Terry Butcher was appointed on 27 January 2009, along with Maurice Malpas as his assistant. Terry Butcher managed in over 200 matches for the club, the 100th taking place on Friday 6 October 2012, in the 3\u20131 win over Ross County in the first SPL Highland derby. In November 2013, after nearly five years at Inverness, Hibernian reached a compensation deal with the club for Terry Butcher to move to Easter Road alongside assistant manager Maurice Malpas. After an extensive recruitment process, on 4 December 2013, John Hughes was unveiled as the new manager of the club. Hughes left Caledonian Thistle on 20 May 2016, citing frustrations with his player budget and the club's failure to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3\u20132 win over Motherwell."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article aside from the year Maurice Malpas joined Dundee United?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["His tenure at Station Park ended in relegation in 1992 and Hegarty left shortly afterwards. Hegarty's next role was a return to Dundee United when he was offered a position on the club's coaching staff. After leaving Tannadice again in 1995 he went on to work for Hearts and Aberdeen in coaching capacities, returning to management at Aberdeen. Following the dismissal of Alex Miller, he was appointed as manager on an interim basis in January 1999. However, despite saving the club from relegation, Aberdeen elected at the end of the season not to continue with Hegarty in the job on a long-term basis. Once again, Dundee United offered Hegarty a coaching role, which became a manager role in October 2002 after chairman Eddie Thompson was unable to prise first-choice Ian McCall from Falkirk. Initially appointed as caretaker, Hegarty's role was to be extended until the end of the season before he was sacked in January 2003 \u2013 and subsequently replaced with McCall. Since his latest departure from Tannadice, Hegarty continued to work in coaching, having been on the staff of both Livingston and Dunfermline. While at Dunfermline, Hegarty was approached by Inverness CT to be part of the management with former Dundee United colleague Maurice Malpas, although the move never materialised. He was eventually appointed as assistant to Malpas at Motherwell on 25 May 2006, although later replaced by Scott Leitch when Malpas was sacked in June 2007. In March 2008, Hegarty was reported to be one of new Scotland manager George Burley's scouts for the World Cup qualifying group. However, in December 2008 he was appointed as the manager of Livingston after Roberto Landi was sacked. Livingston had severe financial problems, however, and Hegarty left the post a few months later.", "1991\u201392 Dundee United F.C. season The 1991-92 season was the 83rd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from July 1, 1991 to June 30, 1992. United finished in fourth place in what was Jim McLean's penultimate season as manager. Dundee United played a total of 49 competitive matches during the 1991-92 season. The team finished fourth in the Scottish Premier Division. In the cup competitions, United lost in the fourth round of the Tennent's Scottish Cup to Celtic and lost in the Skol Cup quarter-finals to eventual finalists Dunfermline. All results are written with Dundee United's score first. During the 1991-92 season, United used 27 different players comprising six nationalities. For the second successive season, Maurice Malpas was the only player to play in every match. The table below shows the number of appearances and goals scored by each player. United had 18 players score with the team scoring 78 goals in total. The top goalscorer was Duncan Ferguson, who finished the season with 16 goals. During the 1991-92 season, two United players were sent off. Statistics for cautions are unavailable. The club signed five players during the season with a total public cost of nearly \u00a3400,000. In addition, one player played whilst on trial but left shortly afterwards. Four players were sold by the club during the season with a public total of \u00a31.15m. The club made a profit of around \u00a3750k from transfers during the season. The jerseys were sponsored by Belhaven for the fifth and penultimate season.", "Motherwell retook the lead a mere three minutes later when a Davie Cooper free-kick was flicked on by John Clark and headed past Alan Main by Phil O'Donnell. \"The Steelmen\" further extended their lead on 65 minutes when an Ian Angus shot from the edge of the penalty box flew into the top corner of the goal. Despite now being 3\u20131 down, Dundee United rallied and quickly pulled a goal back; John O'Neil headering in a Dave Bowman cross from the right. It was O'Neil's first competitive goal for United. Dundee United laid siege to the Motherwell goal for the rest of the second half, but Motherwell looked like holding on until in the last minute Darren Jackson equalised. In the final moments of the second half, Maurice Malpas had a chance to win it for United, but his shot was off-target. The final now went in to extra time. Four minutes in, Motherwell substitute Steve Kirk headed in at the back post to put Motherwell 4\u20133 ahead. Dundee United pushed on again in another effort to draw level, and near the end Maurice Malpas was denied a goal by a flying save from Maxwell. Shortly after that, John Clark shot past. This time, however, Motherwell held on to full-time to win the cup, condemning Dundee United to their sixth Scottish Cup Final defeat in 17 years.", "1987\u201388 Dundee United F.C. season The 1987\u201388 season was the 79th year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from 1 July 1987 to 30 June 1988. United finished in fifth place, securing UEFA Cup Winners' Cup football for the following season, despite their Scottish Cup final defeat to Celtic (Celtic qualified for European competition as league winners). Dundee United played a total of 60 competitive matches during the 1987\u201388 season. The team finished fifth in the Scottish Premier Division. In the cup competitions, United lost in the final of the Scottish Cup to Celtic and lost in the Skol Cup quarter-finals to rivals Dundee. Czechoslovakian side V\u00edtkovice ensured United wouldn't repeat last season's UEFA Cup run, beating them in the second round. All results are written with Dundee United's score first. During the 1987\u201388 season, United used 31 different players comprising four nationalities. Maurice Malpas featured in all but one of United's 60 matches. The table below shows the number of appearances and goals scored by each player. United had 19 players score with the team scoring 83 goals in total. The top goalscorer was Iain Ferguson, who finished the season with 16 goals. During the 1987\u201388 season, two United players were sent off. Statistics for cautions are unavailable. The club signed three players during the season with a total public cost of at least \u00a3200,000 (one figure unknown). Four players were sold by the club during the season with a public total of at least \u00a380,000 (some figures unavailable). The jerseys were sponsored by Belhaven Beers for the first time.", "He resigned on 19 August 2007 due to the pressures of the job, and because he believed it to be the correct decision for him and his family. He has now resumed his former role, running the club's Centenary Club lottery. A short time after Christie resigned, Craig Brewster was reappointed. This was a controversial decision by the club, as Brewster had left to manage Dundee United only 18 months previously. He was eventually sacked in January 2009, after a run of seven league defeats. Prior to this, the ICT supporters had become increasingly concerned about poor performances and rumours of dressing room unrest, leading to a protest by fans at the team's 1\u20130 defeat by Hamilton on the weekend before the sacking. Brewster's successor, the former England international Terry Butcher was appointed on 27 January 2009, along with Maurice Malpas as his assistant. Terry Butcher managed in over 200 matches for the club, the 100th taking place on Friday 6 October 2012, in the 3\u20131 win over Ross County in the first SPL Highland derby. In November 2013, after nearly five years at Inverness, Hibernian reached a compensation deal with the club for Terry Butcher to move to Easter Road alongside assistant manager Maurice Malpas. After an extensive recruitment process, on 4 December 2013, John Hughes was unveiled as the new manager of the club. Hughes left Caledonian Thistle on 20 May 2016, citing frustrations with his player budget and the club's failure to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3\u20132 win over Motherwell."], "answer": {"text": "Malpas won the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991.", "answer_start": 670}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#4", "question": "Were any other awards won?", "rewrite": "Were any other awards won by Maurice Malpas besides the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["David Byrne (footballer, born 1961) David Stuart Byrne (born 5 March 1961) is an English former professional footballer. Byrne was a winger and began his career in non-league football, before moving to Gillingham in July 1985. He moved to Millwall on 4 August 1986 for a fee of \u00a35,000. He joined Cambridge United on loan on 8 September 1988 and Blackburn Rovers on loan on 23 February 1989. On 16 March 1989 he joined Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer. He later played for Bristol Rovers, Watford and went on loan to Reading and Fulham. He joined Shamrock Rovers in January 1993 also on loan from Watford but only made four league appearances. After returning to Watford joined Scottish side St Johnstone and Partick Thistle. He joined Walsall on loan in February 1994 and after leaving Partick played for St Mirren, Ayr United and Albion Rovers where he was player-coach in 1996. He also had a brief loan spell at Tottenham in 1995, featuring in their makeshift squad for the Intertoto Cup. He later coached the Plymouth Argyle youth team and was appointed as Director of Football at Plymouth College of Further Education. In November 2006 he was assisting Ian Atkins on a non-contract basis at Torquay United. On 28 November 2006, Byrne left his post at PCFE when he was named as the new Youth Team Manager at Swindon Town working under former Plymouth Argyle boss Paul Sturrock. After Sturrock left Swindon to take the role of managing his previous club, Plymouth, Byrne took temporary charge of Swindon. When Maurice Malpas became manager, Byrne became his assistant. Byrne again became Caretaker manager of Swindon following the departure of manager Maurice Malpas, on 14 November 2008. Following the news that Danny Wilson was confirmed as the new manager of Swindon Town, on 26 December 2008, David Byrne again reverted to being assistant manager.", "He resigned on 19 August 2007 due to the pressures of the job, and because he believed it to be the correct decision for him and his family. He has now resumed his former role, running the club's Centenary Club lottery. A short time after Christie resigned, Craig Brewster was reappointed. This was a controversial decision by the club, as Brewster had left to manage Dundee United only 18 months previously. He was eventually sacked in January 2009, after a run of seven league defeats. Prior to this, the ICT supporters had become increasingly concerned about poor performances and rumours of dressing room unrest, leading to a protest by fans at the team's 1\u20130 defeat by Hamilton on the weekend before the sacking. Brewster's successor, the former England international Terry Butcher was appointed on 27 January 2009, along with Maurice Malpas as his assistant. Terry Butcher managed in over 200 matches for the club, the 100th taking place on Friday 6 October 2012, in the 3\u20131 win over Ross County in the first SPL Highland derby. In November 2013, after nearly five years at Inverness, Hibernian reached a compensation deal with the club for Terry Butcher to move to Easter Road alongside assistant manager Maurice Malpas. After an extensive recruitment process, on 4 December 2013, John Hughes was unveiled as the new manager of the club. Hughes left Caledonian Thistle on 20 May 2016, citing frustrations with his player budget and the club's failure to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3\u20132 win over Motherwell.", "On 13 March 2008, Timlin rejoined Swindon on loan for the remainder of the season, making 10 appearances. On 3 May, hours after the conclusion of the 2007\u201308 League One season, it was announced that he had joined Swindon on a permanent two-year deal. He officially joined his new club on 1 July 2008. Ahead of the 2008\u201309 season, Timlin was given number 4 shirt. Timlin began the 2008/2009 season in his preferred central midfield role. However, Maurice Malpas took Timlin out for the visit of Leeds United, and on his return to the squad a week later, he appeared on the left side of midfield. Towards the end of October, when Malpas' defensive-minded approach hadn't appeared to work, Timlin was moved to yet another new position on the left side of the defence to fill the gap of injured Jamie Vincent. Adapting well, Timlin also stood in as captain in the absence of Hasney Aljofree. Maurice Malpas was sacked in November, and Timlin moved back to central midfield under caretaker manager David Byrne. As Danny Wilson took charge, Timlin was playing at left side of defence again, but after Wilson\"s first game in charge, Timlin was moved to the left side of midfield and then back to central midfield. Timlin was ever-present in the middle of midfield for the remainder of the season, only missing two games through suspension. The 2009\u201310 season was frustrating for Timlin, as he spent most of the season on the bench, which during the time, the club was making their attempt to the Championship losing out to Millwall in the Playoff Final at Wembley. Despite lack of first opportunities, Timlin signed a new one-year deal after being offered a new contract.", "McLean described Thomson's performance as \"magnificent\". Despite Clark scoring in the final in the 1-1 second leg draw at Tannadice, United lost 2-1 on aggregate. United played in the Scottish Cup Final in 1987. Ferguson had a much disputed extra time goal disallowed. Five minutes later name sake Ian Ferguson scored the only goal of the game for a 1-0 St Mirren win. Gallagher had United ahead the year after when they lost 2-1 to Celtic. In 1991 Dave Bowman, John O'Neil and Darren Jackson scored in the 4-3 extra time defeat to Motherwell. Captain Malpas lifted the trophy when Craig Brewster scored the only goal in the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers. Malpas won the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991. His long service was rewarded with two testimonial matches, in 1991 and 2000. He was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame as one of its inaugural members in 2008.", "SFWA Footballer of the Year The Scottish Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year (often called the SFWA Footballer of the Year, or simply the Scottish Footballer of the Year) is an annual award given to the player who is adjudged to have been the best of the season in Scottish football. The award has been presented since the 1964\u201365 season, and the winner is selected by a vote amongst the members of the Scottish Football Writers' Association (SFWA), which comprises over 100 football journalists based throughout Scotland. The first winner was Celtic's Billy McNeill, and the first non-Scottish winner was Mark Hateley of Rangers in 1994. Seven players have won the award on more than one occasion, the most recent being Leigh Griffiths, who won his second award in the 2015\u201316 season. The award was instigated in 1965, eight years after the association was founded, and committee member Allan Herron was charged with obtaining the permission of the Scottish Football Association to make the first award. Each member of the association casts one vote and also nominates a runner-up. In the event of a tie for first place the number of runner-up votes is taken into consideration. Although it is the older of the two awards, the SFWA award is considered by the players themselves to be of secondary importance to the PFA Scotland Players' Player of the Year because the winner of the PFA Scotland award is chosen by his fellow professionals. The award has been presented on 55 occasions as of 2019, with 47 different individual players winning. Seven different players (John Greig, Sandy Jardine, Brian Laudrup, Henrik Larsson, Barry Ferguson, Craig Gordon and Leigh Griffiths) have won the award twice, and on one occasion the award was presented collectively to the Scotland national squad."], "answer": {"text": "He was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame", "answer_start": 806}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Malpas won the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991.", "answer_start": 670, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#5", "question": "When did thi happen?", "rewrite": "When did Maurice Malpass's Dundee United Hall of Fame induction happen?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billy Hainey William \"Billy\" Hainey (born 16 June 1939) is a Scottish former professional footballer who played as an inside forward. He played for Partick Thistle, Dundee United, St Mirren and Portadown. Billy Hainey was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire, on 16 June 1939. Hainey played junior football for Johnstone Burgh before joining his first senior club, Partick Thistle, in 1961. He made 111 league appearances for Partick before he was sold to Dundee United for \u00a38,000 in March 1966. At the beginning of the 1966\u201367 season, he became the first ever substitute used by Dundee United in a major competitive match, and also the first substitute to score for the club. In October 1966, Hainey scored Dundee United's first ever goal in European competition, in a 2\u20131 win over Barcelona in the Fairs Cup. After losing his place in the Dundee United team, Hainey requested a transfer in October 1967. He was released on a free transfer in April 1968, later signing for St Mirren. He then joined Portadown in Northern Ireland. Hainey was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame in 2010.", "Pat Reilly Patrick Reilly (11 February 1873 \u2013 6 April 1937) was a Scottish football manager, who was the first ever manager of Dundee Hibernian, forerunner of Dundee United. Reilly was born to Irish parents in Dundee, the eldest of five children. He was a bicycle trader and manufacturer together with his father and his two younger brothers. The family lived in the West End of the city, where Reilly had a cycle shop on Perth Road. He became manager/secretary from the initial forming of Dundee Hibernian in 1909. A two-year spell aside, when he remained club secretary, Reilly was in charge for the first thirteen years of Dundee Hibs' existence, leaving just before the name change to Dundee United. It is widely acknowledged that Reilly was instrumental in forming the club, and that without him, there would have been no Dundee United. He donated a bicycle to the player who scored the first goal at Tannadice Park, John O'Hara of Hibernian. In February 2015 Pat Reilly was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame, the first non player to be inducted along with legendary manager Jim McLean.", "Ralph Milne Ralph Milne (13 May 1961 \u2013 6 September 2015) was a Scottish professional footballer whose clubs included Dundee United, Charlton Athletic, Bristol City and Manchester United. He played as both an attacking midfielder or a winger. He began his career at Dundee United, helping the club to be crowned Premier Division champions in 1982\u201383, and playing in Scottish Cup and League Cup final defeats. In recognition of his contribution to the most successful period in the club's history, Milne has been inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame, alongside several of his former teammates. He made a total of 285 appearances for Dundee United in major competitions and is the club's all-time top scorer in Europe (UEFA Cup and European Cup) with a tally of 15 goals. Milne is often considered to be among the best Scottish footballers not to win a full senior cap. Hampered by his heavy drinking, he hit his peak at an early age and after an unsuccessful spell at English club Charlton Athletic from January 1987, ended the 1987\u201388 season with Third Division club Bristol City. He returned to the First Division after being signed by Alex Ferguson at Manchester United in November 1988 for a \u00a3170,000 fee, but failed to restart his career. Barring a brief spell in Hong Kong with Sing Tao, Milne played his last first-team game as a professional at the age of 28. Ralph Milne was born in Dundee, the youngest of four siblings, on 13 May 1961. He was moved forward a year in primary school due to his remarkable academic progress. He began his football career as a youth with Dundee Celtic Boys Club, where he played initially as a striker and had a prolific goalscoring record. Milne signed for Dundee United in January 1976 and after a couple of seasons in the reserves began to feature for the first team during the 1979\u201380 campaign.", "He captained United to the 1974 Scottish Cup Final, their first appearance in the final, where they lost 3\u20130 to Celtic; that runners-up medal was the closest Smith came to winning a major honour. Smith made his final appearance for Dundee United in January 1976. In total, he appeared in 628 competitive matches for the club, never receiving a booking throughout his playing career. Smith returned to Dundee United in 1983, when he was invited to join the club's board of directors. In 1992, Smith was elected as vice-chairman, under chairman Jim McLean. Smith became chairman in October 2000 following McLean's resignation, although the latter retained his majority shareholding. In January 2002, a consortium involving McLean ousted the existing board at an extraordinary general meeting, leading to the end of Smith's 44-year association with the club. As well as his club commitments, Smith served on various Scottish Football Association (SFA) and Scottish Football League (SFL) committees and was appointed as president of the SFL for a term beginning in 1997. After retiring as a player, Smith ran the Athletic Bar, a pub near Dundee United's Tannadice Park ground. He was one of the first inductees to the Dundee United Hall of Fame in 2008. He died in Dundee on 5 December 2012, aged 75. His wife May had died earlier; the couple had three children. Dundee United", "Monica Malpass Monica Malpass (born April 28, 1961 in High Point, North Carolina) is an American journalist and former television anchor for WPVI Action News in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She co-anchored the WPVI 5 p.m. weekday newscast and hosted the station's political talk show, \"Inside Story\". Monica Malpass was born on April 28, 1961. She received a bachelor's degree in journalism in 1983 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She won a Rotary scholarship to the University of Puerto Rico in 1984. Malpass began her career as a reporter for the student-run newspaper, \"The Daily Tar Heel\", at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She then worked as a news anchor and reporter for WCHL-AM in Chapel Hill, North Carolina; a reporter for WFMY-TV, in Greensboro, North Carolina; and a reporter and anchor at WXII-TV in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Malpass joined WPVI (Channel 6), the local ABC affiliate in Philadelphia, in January 1988. She initially anchored the morning newscasts. Malpass obtained a master's degree in political science from Villanova University in 1999. She has also completed the \"Inside Washington\" program at the Brookings Institution and was a recipient of an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Neumann College in Pennsylvania. Malpass announced on the 5 p.m. newscast that she was pregnant with twins on January 11, 2010. She gave birth to twin boys, Hunter Jace Malpass and Zeke Jones Malpass, on Monday, April 12, 2010. Malpass has another son, Jake, with her former husband, David Cutler. The Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia inducted Malpass into their Hall of Fame in 2006. On May 22, 2019, Malpass disclosed that she was leaving WPVI after 31 years."], "answer": {"text": "in 2008.", "answer_start": 890}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Malpas won the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991.", "answer_start": 670, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were any other awards won?", "answer": {"text": "He was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame", "answer_start": 806, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#6", "question": "Did he have any notable wins?", "rewrite": "Did Maurice Malpas have any notable wins?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He resigned on 19 August 2007 due to the pressures of the job, and because he believed it to be the correct decision for him and his family. He has now resumed his former role, running the club's Centenary Club lottery. A short time after Christie resigned, Craig Brewster was reappointed. This was a controversial decision by the club, as Brewster had left to manage Dundee United only 18 months previously. He was eventually sacked in January 2009, after a run of seven league defeats. Prior to this, the ICT supporters had become increasingly concerned about poor performances and rumours of dressing room unrest, leading to a protest by fans at the team's 1\u20130 defeat by Hamilton on the weekend before the sacking. Brewster's successor, the former England international Terry Butcher was appointed on 27 January 2009, along with Maurice Malpas as his assistant. Terry Butcher managed in over 200 matches for the club, the 100th taking place on Friday 6 October 2012, in the 3\u20131 win over Ross County in the first SPL Highland derby. In November 2013, after nearly five years at Inverness, Hibernian reached a compensation deal with the club for Terry Butcher to move to Easter Road alongside assistant manager Maurice Malpas. After an extensive recruitment process, on 4 December 2013, John Hughes was unveiled as the new manager of the club. Hughes left Caledonian Thistle on 20 May 2016, citing frustrations with his player budget and the club's failure to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3\u20132 win over Motherwell.", "Motherwell retook the lead a mere three minutes later when a Davie Cooper free-kick was flicked on by John Clark and headed past Alan Main by Phil O'Donnell. \"The Steelmen\" further extended their lead on 65 minutes when an Ian Angus shot from the edge of the penalty box flew into the top corner of the goal. Despite now being 3\u20131 down, Dundee United rallied and quickly pulled a goal back; John O'Neil headering in a Dave Bowman cross from the right. It was O'Neil's first competitive goal for United. Dundee United laid siege to the Motherwell goal for the rest of the second half, but Motherwell looked like holding on until in the last minute Darren Jackson equalised. In the final moments of the second half, Maurice Malpas had a chance to win it for United, but his shot was off-target. The final now went in to extra time. Four minutes in, Motherwell substitute Steve Kirk headed in at the back post to put Motherwell 4\u20133 ahead. Dundee United pushed on again in another effort to draw level, and near the end Maurice Malpas was denied a goal by a flying save from Maxwell. Shortly after that, John Clark shot past. This time, however, Motherwell held on to full-time to win the cup, condemning Dundee United to their sixth Scottish Cup Final defeat in 17 years.", "Malpas, Newport  Malpas is an electoral district (ward) and coterminous community (parish) of the city of Newport, South Wales. The area is governed by the Newport City Council. The ward is bounded by the A4042 Heidenheim Drive to the east, the city boundary to the north, Malpas brook to the west, and Bettws Lane, Llanover Close, and the western and northern edges of Graig Wood, Yewberry Lane and Grove Park Drive to the south. The name is French and comes from \"Mal\" (bad/poor) and \"Pas\" (passage/way). Earlier examples of the name include the definite article 'Le' and even an odd Welsh definite article 'Y' i.e. \"Le Malpas\", \"Y Malpas\". There are two large housing estates either side of the main Malpas Road (A4051). To the west is Hollybush and the council estates Westfield and Malpas Court, although many of the houses are now in private ownership. To the east are the privately owned estates Woodlands, Malpas Park, Pilton Vale and Claremont. The roads in Malpas Court take their names from famous inventors and scientists, while those in Malpas Park are named after trees. The roads in Woodlands are named after World War II generals, e.g. Allenbrooke Avenue, Horrocks Close, Montgomery Road, Robertson Way, Wavell Drive, etc. Claremont and Pilton Vale however are just single street names with large house numbers. The Malpas Institute Trust is a charitable fund, founded on the sale of the World War I Memorial Institute. There are four primary schools in the ward. Malpas Church Infants, Malpas Church Juniors, Malpas Court, and Malpas Park.", "On 13 March 2008, Timlin rejoined Swindon on loan for the remainder of the season, making 10 appearances. On 3 May, hours after the conclusion of the 2007\u201308 League One season, it was announced that he had joined Swindon on a permanent two-year deal. He officially joined his new club on 1 July 2008. Ahead of the 2008\u201309 season, Timlin was given number 4 shirt. Timlin began the 2008/2009 season in his preferred central midfield role. However, Maurice Malpas took Timlin out for the visit of Leeds United, and on his return to the squad a week later, he appeared on the left side of midfield. Towards the end of October, when Malpas' defensive-minded approach hadn't appeared to work, Timlin was moved to yet another new position on the left side of the defence to fill the gap of injured Jamie Vincent. Adapting well, Timlin also stood in as captain in the absence of Hasney Aljofree. Maurice Malpas was sacked in November, and Timlin moved back to central midfield under caretaker manager David Byrne. As Danny Wilson took charge, Timlin was playing at left side of defence again, but after Wilson\"s first game in charge, Timlin was moved to the left side of midfield and then back to central midfield. Timlin was ever-present in the middle of midfield for the remainder of the season, only missing two games through suspension. The 2009\u201310 season was frustrating for Timlin, as he spent most of the season on the bench, which during the time, the club was making their attempt to the Championship losing out to Millwall in the Playoff Final at Wembley. Despite lack of first opportunities, Timlin signed a new one-year deal after being offered a new contract.", "David Byrne (footballer, born 1961) David Stuart Byrne (born 5 March 1961) is an English former professional footballer. Byrne was a winger and began his career in non-league football, before moving to Gillingham in July 1985. He moved to Millwall on 4 August 1986 for a fee of \u00a35,000. He joined Cambridge United on loan on 8 September 1988 and Blackburn Rovers on loan on 23 February 1989. On 16 March 1989 he joined Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer. He later played for Bristol Rovers, Watford and went on loan to Reading and Fulham. He joined Shamrock Rovers in January 1993 also on loan from Watford but only made four league appearances. After returning to Watford joined Scottish side St Johnstone and Partick Thistle. He joined Walsall on loan in February 1994 and after leaving Partick played for St Mirren, Ayr United and Albion Rovers where he was player-coach in 1996. He also had a brief loan spell at Tottenham in 1995, featuring in their makeshift squad for the Intertoto Cup. He later coached the Plymouth Argyle youth team and was appointed as Director of Football at Plymouth College of Further Education. In November 2006 he was assisting Ian Atkins on a non-contract basis at Torquay United. On 28 November 2006, Byrne left his post at PCFE when he was named as the new Youth Team Manager at Swindon Town working under former Plymouth Argyle boss Paul Sturrock. After Sturrock left Swindon to take the role of managing his previous club, Plymouth, Byrne took temporary charge of Swindon. When Maurice Malpas became manager, Byrne became his assistant. Byrne again became Caretaker manager of Swindon following the departure of manager Maurice Malpas, on 14 November 2008. Following the news that Danny Wilson was confirmed as the new manager of Swindon Town, on 26 December 2008, David Byrne again reverted to being assistant manager."], "answer": {"text": "1986/87 UEFA Cup Final.", "answer_start": 597}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Malpas won the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991.", "answer_start": 670, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were any other awards won?", "answer": {"text": "He was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame", "answer_start": 806, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did thi happen?", "answer": {"text": "in 2008.", "answer_start": 890, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_63aa83345c3e4bcb9348159398448f16_1_q#7", "question": "any notable losses?", "rewrite": "Did Maurice Malpas have any notable losses?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On 13 March 2008, Timlin rejoined Swindon on loan for the remainder of the season, making 10 appearances. On 3 May, hours after the conclusion of the 2007\u201308 League One season, it was announced that he had joined Swindon on a permanent two-year deal. He officially joined his new club on 1 July 2008. Ahead of the 2008\u201309 season, Timlin was given number 4 shirt. Timlin began the 2008/2009 season in his preferred central midfield role. However, Maurice Malpas took Timlin out for the visit of Leeds United, and on his return to the squad a week later, he appeared on the left side of midfield. Towards the end of October, when Malpas' defensive-minded approach hadn't appeared to work, Timlin was moved to yet another new position on the left side of the defence to fill the gap of injured Jamie Vincent. Adapting well, Timlin also stood in as captain in the absence of Hasney Aljofree. Maurice Malpas was sacked in November, and Timlin moved back to central midfield under caretaker manager David Byrne. As Danny Wilson took charge, Timlin was playing at left side of defence again, but after Wilson\"s first game in charge, Timlin was moved to the left side of midfield and then back to central midfield. Timlin was ever-present in the middle of midfield for the remainder of the season, only missing two games through suspension. The 2009\u201310 season was frustrating for Timlin, as he spent most of the season on the bench, which during the time, the club was making their attempt to the Championship losing out to Millwall in the Playoff Final at Wembley. Despite lack of first opportunities, Timlin signed a new one-year deal after being offered a new contract.", "Malpas, Newport  Malpas is an electoral district (ward) and coterminous community (parish) of the city of Newport, South Wales. The area is governed by the Newport City Council. The ward is bounded by the A4042 Heidenheim Drive to the east, the city boundary to the north, Malpas brook to the west, and Bettws Lane, Llanover Close, and the western and northern edges of Graig Wood, Yewberry Lane and Grove Park Drive to the south. The name is French and comes from \"Mal\" (bad/poor) and \"Pas\" (passage/way). Earlier examples of the name include the definite article 'Le' and even an odd Welsh definite article 'Y' i.e. \"Le Malpas\", \"Y Malpas\". There are two large housing estates either side of the main Malpas Road (A4051). To the west is Hollybush and the council estates Westfield and Malpas Court, although many of the houses are now in private ownership. To the east are the privately owned estates Woodlands, Malpas Park, Pilton Vale and Claremont. The roads in Malpas Court take their names from famous inventors and scientists, while those in Malpas Park are named after trees. The roads in Woodlands are named after World War II generals, e.g. Allenbrooke Avenue, Horrocks Close, Montgomery Road, Robertson Way, Wavell Drive, etc. Claremont and Pilton Vale however are just single street names with large house numbers. The Malpas Institute Trust is a charitable fund, founded on the sale of the World War I Memorial Institute. There are four primary schools in the ward. Malpas Church Infants, Malpas Church Juniors, Malpas Court, and Malpas Park.", "He resigned on 19 August 2007 due to the pressures of the job, and because he believed it to be the correct decision for him and his family. He has now resumed his former role, running the club's Centenary Club lottery. A short time after Christie resigned, Craig Brewster was reappointed. This was a controversial decision by the club, as Brewster had left to manage Dundee United only 18 months previously. He was eventually sacked in January 2009, after a run of seven league defeats. Prior to this, the ICT supporters had become increasingly concerned about poor performances and rumours of dressing room unrest, leading to a protest by fans at the team's 1\u20130 defeat by Hamilton on the weekend before the sacking. Brewster's successor, the former England international Terry Butcher was appointed on 27 January 2009, along with Maurice Malpas as his assistant. Terry Butcher managed in over 200 matches for the club, the 100th taking place on Friday 6 October 2012, in the 3\u20131 win over Ross County in the first SPL Highland derby. In November 2013, after nearly five years at Inverness, Hibernian reached a compensation deal with the club for Terry Butcher to move to Easter Road alongside assistant manager Maurice Malpas. After an extensive recruitment process, on 4 December 2013, John Hughes was unveiled as the new manager of the club. Hughes left Caledonian Thistle on 20 May 2016, citing frustrations with his player budget and the club's failure to retain players. Long-term player Richie Foran was announced as the new Inverness manager on 30 May 2016, also announcing his player retirement. Foran was in charge of Caley Thistle for just under one-year before being sacked on 29 May 2017. During his time in charge, the club finished in last position in the Scottish Premiership, suffering relegation to the Scottish Championship on the final day of the season despite a 3\u20132 win over Motherwell.", "David Byrne (footballer, born 1961) David Stuart Byrne (born 5 March 1961) is an English former professional footballer. Byrne was a winger and began his career in non-league football, before moving to Gillingham in July 1985. He moved to Millwall on 4 August 1986 for a fee of \u00a35,000. He joined Cambridge United on loan on 8 September 1988 and Blackburn Rovers on loan on 23 February 1989. On 16 March 1989 he joined Plymouth Argyle on a free transfer. He later played for Bristol Rovers, Watford and went on loan to Reading and Fulham. He joined Shamrock Rovers in January 1993 also on loan from Watford but only made four league appearances. After returning to Watford joined Scottish side St Johnstone and Partick Thistle. He joined Walsall on loan in February 1994 and after leaving Partick played for St Mirren, Ayr United and Albion Rovers where he was player-coach in 1996. He also had a brief loan spell at Tottenham in 1995, featuring in their makeshift squad for the Intertoto Cup. He later coached the Plymouth Argyle youth team and was appointed as Director of Football at Plymouth College of Further Education. In November 2006 he was assisting Ian Atkins on a non-contract basis at Torquay United. On 28 November 2006, Byrne left his post at PCFE when he was named as the new Youth Team Manager at Swindon Town working under former Plymouth Argyle boss Paul Sturrock. After Sturrock left Swindon to take the role of managing his previous club, Plymouth, Byrne took temporary charge of Swindon. When Maurice Malpas became manager, Byrne became his assistant. Byrne again became Caretaker manager of Swindon following the departure of manager Maurice Malpas, on 14 November 2008. Following the news that Danny Wilson was confirmed as the new manager of Swindon Town, on 26 December 2008, David Byrne again reverted to being assistant manager.", "Motherwell retook the lead a mere three minutes later when a Davie Cooper free-kick was flicked on by John Clark and headed past Alan Main by Phil O'Donnell. \"The Steelmen\" further extended their lead on 65 minutes when an Ian Angus shot from the edge of the penalty box flew into the top corner of the goal. Despite now being 3\u20131 down, Dundee United rallied and quickly pulled a goal back; John O'Neil headering in a Dave Bowman cross from the right. It was O'Neil's first competitive goal for United. Dundee United laid siege to the Motherwell goal for the rest of the second half, but Motherwell looked like holding on until in the last minute Darren Jackson equalised. In the final moments of the second half, Maurice Malpas had a chance to win it for United, but his shot was off-target. The final now went in to extra time. Four minutes in, Motherwell substitute Steve Kirk headed in at the back post to put Motherwell 4\u20133 ahead. Dundee United pushed on again in another effort to draw level, and near the end Maurice Malpas was denied a goal by a flying save from Maxwell. Shortly after that, John Clark shot past. This time, however, Motherwell held on to full-time to win the cup, condemning Dundee United to their sixth Scottish Cup Final defeat in 17 years."], "answer": {"text": "In 1991 Dave Bowman, John O'Neil and Darren Jackson scored in the 4-3 extra time defeat to Motherwell.", "answer_start": 441}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Maurice Malpas join Dundee United?", "answer": {"text": "He signed for Dundee United in August 1979.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he coach?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Malpas won the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991.", "answer_start": 670, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were any other awards won?", "answer": {"text": "He was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame", "answer_start": 806, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did thi happen?", "answer": {"text": "in 2008.", "answer_start": 890, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have any notable wins?", "answer": {"text": "1986/87 UEFA Cup Final.", "answer_start": 597, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career."], "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#1", "question": "Did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Did Donnie Iris go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years."], "answer": {"text": "While attending Slippery Rock State College, Ierace formed a band called the Tri-Vels", "answer_start": 1385}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#2", "question": "Was he an only child?", "rewrite": "Was Donnie Iris an only child?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "While attending Slippery Rock State College, Ierace formed a band called the Tri-Vels", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#3", "question": "How did his first band Tri-Vets do?", "rewrite": "How did Donnie Iris' first band Tri-Vels do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Jaggerz The Jaggerz are an American rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They came to national attention with their single \"The Rapper\" which was released on the Kama Sutra label. \" The Rapper\" was No. 1 in the Record World Charts and No. 2 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in March 1970. Having sold over one million copies the recording received a gold record awarded by the R.I.A.A.. The band's name derives from the Pittsburgh English slang term, \"jagger bush,\" meaning a thorny bush. They were managed by The Skyliners manager, Joe Rock. While attending Slippery Rock State College, now known as Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Donnie Iris ( birth name Dominic Ierace) started a band called the Tri-Vels. The band became known as Donnie and the Donnells when the line up increased from three members to four. Shortly after dropping out of college, Iris found out that a band called Gary and the Jewel Tones, of which Jimmie Ross was a member, needed a new guitarist. This gave birth to a new band called the \"Jaggers\". Forming around 1964, they began playing night clubs and other venues for the next few years gathering a respectable following in the region. In 1968, the Jaggerz signed with Gamble Records. The Philadelphia soul music team of Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff produced their debut album which was recorded in Philadelphia. While in the early stages of recording the album, Jimmie Ross saw a magazine advertisement featuring another band called \"The Jaggers\". In order to avoid confusion, manager Joe Rock suggested that the \"s\" in \"Jaggers\" be changed to a \"z\". In 1969, their debut album, \"Introducing the Jaggerz\", was released. It is a blue-eyed soul album featuring the Jaggerz original song \" (That's Why)", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off."], "answer": {"text": "they renamed themselves Donnie and the Donnells. This band in both incarnations played R&B and pop rock covers at fraternity parties and lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1601}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "While attending Slippery Rock State College, Ierace formed a band called the Tri-Vels", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#4", "question": "Why did they split up?", "rewrite": "Why did Donnie and the Donnells split up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Battle of Belahoe The Battle of Belahoe or Ballyhoe () was fought in 1539 between the O'Neills and O'Donnells against English forces, in which the O'Neills and O'Donnells were defeated. The battle occurred while the English Lord Deputy of Ireland, Leonard Grey, was mounting an armed tour around Ireland to secure the submission of the allies of the Fitzgeralds of Kildare, who had recently been in rebellion against the Crown. While Grey was in the south at Cork, a raid was undertaken into Meath by the Fitzgeralds' allies, O'Neills, led by Conn O'Neill, and the O'Donnells, led by Manus O'Donnell into the English Pale, around Dublin. They destroyed and looted the towns of Ardee and Navan, before English forces in the Pale could be mobilised. However, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Leonard Grey, returned with a force of about 800 men to oppose them. The O'Neills and O'Donnells were returning to their territories with treasure and spoils when the English overtook them at the Ford of Belahoe, four and a half miles south of Carrickmacross, on the boundary of the modern counties of Meath and Monaghan. The forces of the O'Neills and O'Donnells were quickly overwhelmed and suffered 400 casualties before fleeing in disarray and leaving their treasure and spoil in the hands of the Lord Deputy of Ireland.", "Donnells Dam Donnells Dam (National ID # CA00264) is a concrete arch dam located on the Middle Fork of the Stanislaus River in Tuolumne County, California. The water impounded by the high dam forms Donnell Lake in Stanislaus National Forest. The dam and reservoir are co-owned by the Oakdale Irrigation District and South San Joaquin Irrigation District, and the dam is one of three in the Tri-Dam Project. The other two dams in the project are Beardsley Dam and Tulloch Dam. The dam has a length of 750 feet (230 m) at its crest and a storage capacity of . Donnells Reservoir, along with the two other dams of that make up the Tri-Dam Project, currently provide water for the irrigation of about of farmland in Stanislaus and San Joaquin counties. The reservoir also generates hydroelectric power and supplies water to urban areas. The Oakdale Irrigation District (OID) and South San Joaquin Irrigation District (SSJID) joined forces in the late 1930s to design the Tri-Dam Project in an effort to satisfy the need for more water for irrigation, as both of the districts\u2019 existing infrastructure was insufficient to meet the growing demand for water. On January 13, 1948, the districts publicly announced their intent to develop the Tri-Dam Project, which consists of a series of dams, reservoirs and power plants at the current sites of Beardsley, Tulloch and Donnell reservoirs on Middle Fork of the Stanislaus River, as well as improvements to older developments. Over the next eight years, the districts battled a series of financial setbacks and conflicting claims to the sites where they desired to build the dams. For instance, the Tuolumne County Water District had a prior application for the Donnells site. In 1953, the conflict over water rights was settled with the irrigation districts receiving the water rights.", "While helping Donnie train, Rocky learns he has non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He is unwilling to undergo chemotherapy, remembering that it was not enough to save Adrian when she had ovarian cancer. His diagnosis and the fact that his best friend and brother-in-law Paulie Pennino\u2014Adrian's brother\u2014has now died in addition to Adrian, Apollo, and his old trainer, Mickey Goldmill, further force him to confront his own mortality. Seeing Rocky shaken, Donnie urges him to seek treatment. Donnie fights Conlan at Goodison Park in Conlan's hometown of Liverpool, and many parallels emerge between the bout that ensues and Apollo and Rocky's first fight forty years earlier. First, before entering the ring, Donnie receives a present from Mary Anne \u2014 new American flag trunks similar to the ones Apollo and later Rocky wore. Additionally, to the surprise of nearly everyone, Donnie gives Conlan all he can handle. Conlan knocks Donnie down, but Donnie recovers to knock Conlan down for the first time in his career. Donnie goes the distance, but Conlan wins on a split decision (just as Apollo retained his title by split decision against Rocky). However, Donnie has won the respect of Conlan and the crowd; as Max Kellerman puts it while calling the fight for HBO, \"Conlan won the fight, but Creed won the night. \" Conlan tells Donnie that he is the future of the light heavyweight division. The film ends with Donnie and a frail but improving Rocky climbing the 72 steps outside the entrance of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. A number of figures (real-life fighters and trainers) from the sport of boxing play roles in the film: Liev Schreiber voices an \"HBO 24/7\" announcer, while Michael Buffer cameos as himself serving as ring announcer.", "After a bitter argument with the former heavyweight champion, Donnie, greatly impacted by his coach's diagnosis, makes a pact with Rocky that they would fight their battles together, as Donnie prepares for his bout with Conlan and as Rocky undergoes treatment. As Donnie moves on in training, the effects of treatment begin to weaken Rocky, and because of this, Donnie acts as a caregiver to Rocky while helping him get up and go to the restroom, and uses the medical facility to his advantage; shadowboxing in the corridors and running up the stairs, passing doctors and nurses. With the match taking place in Liverpool, a calm Rocky teaches Donnie the hysterics that would ensue during the pre-fright press conference when Conlan tries to play mind games, and later helps in Donnie's girlfriend Bianca (Tessa Thompson) surprising Donnie in his hotel room. During the match, Rocky stands in Donnie's corner along with Bianca. Before the final round, Rocky grows concerned about the injuries that Donnie has sustained and tells him he's stopping the fight. However, Donnie wants to prove that he is \"not a mistake\", which emotionally impacts Rocky. He then tells Donnie that he wishes he had the chance to thank Apollo when Mickey died, but it doesn't match his appreciation of Donnie's tenacity that motivated him in his battle against his illness and tells him that he admires him. The film concludes with Donnie taking a frail, but rather improving, Rocky back to the steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which Rocky says is his \"most favorite place. \" Both look toward the Philadelphia skyline, remaining positive about their futures. Three years since his diagnosis, Rocky has recovered from his cancer and coached Donnie until he becomes the new WBC World Light Heavyweight champion. Rocky gives Donnie advice in proposing to Bianca and uses his proposal with Adrian as an example.", "Myles O'Donnell Myles O'Donnell was an Irish American bootlegger and mobster during the Roaring Twenties in Chicago during Prohibition. He was most famous for being the founder of the West-side O'Donnell Mob aka the Westside O'Donnells or West-side gang (no relation to the South Side O'Donnells, a rival gang). Myles O\u2019Donnell was born into a large, struggling Irish Catholic family in the Chicago Western suburb of Cicero, Illinois. Like any other poor child off the streets in the town of Cicero, Myles started his criminal career committing petty crime. William \"Klondike\" O\u2019Donnell was only a few years younger than his brother. They, along with their youngest brother, Bernard, entered the bootlegging business together. The O\u2019Donnell brothers made an alliance with Johnny Torrio, the leader of the Chicago Outfit. When Torrio got into a war with Dean O'Banion and the North Side Gang and when the South Side O\u2019Donnells got into a war with Frank McErlane things went better for the O\u2019Donnells not having to worry about enemies. One day after drinking himself to the point where he was staggering, Myles and a childhood friend and Westside O'Donnell member Jim Doherty staggered into a saloon early Sunday morning. The saloon belonged to Eddie Tancl, a man O'Donnell and Capone hated because of his way of buying beer from whomever he wished. Myles and Jim ordered some breakfast from the only waiter still working on the job that day. Sitting across from the two Westsiders were Eddie Tancl and his wife. Sitting across from the couple were Mayme McClain, Tancl's star entertainer, and Leo Klimas, Tancl's head bartender. After Myles and Jim were done eating they complained to the waiter that they had been overcharged on the bill."], "answer": {"text": "lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1738}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "While attending Slippery Rock State College, Ierace formed a band called the Tri-Vels", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his first band Tri-Vets do?", "answer": {"text": "they renamed themselves Donnie and the Donnells. This band in both incarnations played R&B and pop rock covers at fraternity parties and lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1601, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#5", "question": "Did he get into another band after?", "rewrite": "Other than Donnie and the Donnells, did Donnie Iris get into another band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "The Jaggerz The Jaggerz are an American rock band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They came to national attention with their single \"The Rapper\" which was released on the Kama Sutra label. \" The Rapper\" was No. 1 in the Record World Charts and No. 2 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in March 1970. Having sold over one million copies the recording received a gold record awarded by the R.I.A.A.. The band's name derives from the Pittsburgh English slang term, \"jagger bush,\" meaning a thorny bush. They were managed by The Skyliners manager, Joe Rock. While attending Slippery Rock State College, now known as Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania, Donnie Iris ( birth name Dominic Ierace) started a band called the Tri-Vels. The band became known as Donnie and the Donnells when the line up increased from three members to four. Shortly after dropping out of college, Iris found out that a band called Gary and the Jewel Tones, of which Jimmie Ross was a member, needed a new guitarist. This gave birth to a new band called the \"Jaggers\". Forming around 1964, they began playing night clubs and other venues for the next few years gathering a respectable following in the region. In 1968, the Jaggerz signed with Gamble Records. The Philadelphia soul music team of Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff produced their debut album which was recorded in Philadelphia. While in the early stages of recording the album, Jimmie Ross saw a magazine advertisement featuring another band called \"The Jaggers\". In order to avoid confusion, manager Joe Rock suggested that the \"s\" in \"Jaggers\" be changed to a \"z\". In 1969, their debut album, \"Introducing the Jaggerz\", was released. It is a blue-eyed soul album featuring the Jaggerz original song \" (That's Why)"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "While attending Slippery Rock State College, Ierace formed a band called the Tri-Vels", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his first band Tri-Vets do?", "answer": {"text": "they renamed themselves Donnie and the Donnells. This band in both incarnations played R&B and pop rock covers at fraternity parties and lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they split up?", "answer": {"text": "lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1738, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#6", "question": "How did he get into music?", "rewrite": "How did Donnie Iris get into music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP."], "answer": {"text": "Per his mother's encouragement, Ierace began singing at weddings at age five,", "answer_start": 370}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "While attending Slippery Rock State College, Ierace formed a band called the Tri-Vels", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his first band Tri-Vets do?", "answer": {"text": "they renamed themselves Donnie and the Donnells. This band in both incarnations played R&B and pop rock covers at fraternity parties and lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they split up?", "answer": {"text": "lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get into another band after?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_1_q#7", "question": "Where did he go on to perform after that?", "rewrite": "After singing at weddings, where did Donnie go on to perform?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Take You There (Donnie Klang song) \"Take You There\" is a song from American R&B/Pop singer and \"Making the Band 4\" alumnus Donnie Klang. It was the sole debut single to come off his debut album \"Just a Rolling Stone\". The song was released on March 23, 2008 on digital download. Klang co-wrote the song alongside mentor Diddy (who shares featuring credits with Klang), and production team the Soul Diggaz (who also produced the song alongside Diddy). The song managed to chart at #10 on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 and #83 on the \"Billboard\" Pop 100 charts. Directed by Ray Kay, the video starts out with Diddy exiting a club and entering a black limousine containing Donnie and two women in front of them. Diddy and Donnie go on a nightly excursion by going to a liquor store where, along with getting liquor, they attract two other women in the store and they come along with them. The limo stops at a condo where both men get entangled with the various women surrounding them. The video made its premiere on August 8, 2008 on FNMTV.", "After a bitter argument with the former heavyweight champion, Donnie, greatly impacted by his coach's diagnosis, makes a pact with Rocky that they would fight their battles together, as Donnie prepares for his bout with Conlan and as Rocky undergoes treatment. As Donnie moves on in training, the effects of treatment begin to weaken Rocky, and because of this, Donnie acts as a caregiver to Rocky while helping him get up and go to the restroom, and uses the medical facility to his advantage; shadowboxing in the corridors and running up the stairs, passing doctors and nurses. With the match taking place in Liverpool, a calm Rocky teaches Donnie the hysterics that would ensue during the pre-fright press conference when Conlan tries to play mind games, and later helps in Donnie's girlfriend Bianca (Tessa Thompson) surprising Donnie in his hotel room. During the match, Rocky stands in Donnie's corner along with Bianca. Before the final round, Rocky grows concerned about the injuries that Donnie has sustained and tells him he's stopping the fight. However, Donnie wants to prove that he is \"not a mistake\", which emotionally impacts Rocky. He then tells Donnie that he wishes he had the chance to thank Apollo when Mickey died, but it doesn't match his appreciation of Donnie's tenacity that motivated him in his battle against his illness and tells him that he admires him. The film concludes with Donnie taking a frail, but rather improving, Rocky back to the steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, which Rocky says is his \"most favorite place. \" Both look toward the Philadelphia skyline, remaining positive about their futures. Three years since his diagnosis, Rocky has recovered from his cancer and coached Donnie until he becomes the new WBC World Light Heavyweight champion. Rocky gives Donnie advice in proposing to Bianca and uses his proposal with Adrian as an example.", "Another positive attribute of porous silicon is the degradation of porous silicon into monomeric silicic acid (SiOH4). Silicic acid is reputed to be the most natural form of element in the environment and is readily removed by kidneys. The human blood plasma contains monomeric silicic acid at levels of less than 1 mg Si/l, corresponding to the average dietary intake of 20\u201350 mg/day. It was proposed that the small thickness of silicon coatings presents minimal risk to a toxic concentration being reached. The proposal was supported by an experiment involving volunteers and silicic-acid drinks. It was found that concentration of the acid rose only briefly above the normal 1 mg Si/l level and was efficiently expelled by urine excretion. The simple adjustment of pore morphology and geometry of porous silicon also offers a convenient way to control its wetting behavior. Stable ultra- and superhydrophobic states on porous silicon can be fabricated and used in lab-on-a-chip, microfluidic devices for the improved surface-based bioanalysis. pSi demonstrates optical properties based on porosity and the medium inside the pores. The effective refractive index of pSi is determined by the porosity and refractive index of the medium inside the pores. If the refractive index of the medium inside pores is high, the effective refractive index of pSi will be high as well. This phenomenon causes the spectrum to shift towards longer wavelength.", "where thanks to Splinter getting the heads up and intercepting Shredder's attack, the Turtles destroyed the timer to the Heart of Darkness, causing Earth's secondary annihilation to never occur. In \"\"Mutant Gangland,\"\" the Mutanimals (with Mondo Gecko as their newest member) stop the Faluchi twins from obtaining new-and-improved weaponry. Rockwell telepathically sees into one of their minds and is shocked to learn that they are engineering these weapons to hunt down and destroy all mutants. The quarter head to warn the Turtles about this dangerous threat against all mutant-kind. Noticing that Pigeon Pete is missing, Donatello asks the Mutanimals where he is, to which Slash replies \"We don't talk about Pigeon Pete\", indicating that soon after their victory of defeating the Triceratons, Pigeon Pete left the team for unknown reasons. In \"\"Requiem,\"\" the Mutanimals are in their hideout working how to plan their next attack on Super Shredder with the aid of Karai and Shinigami. They are interrupted by the arrival of Super Shredder who burns their hideout and defeats them with ease. They are rescued by April and Casey while Splinter and Leonardo save a seriously hurt Karai via CPR. Slash goes with Raphael, Splinter, April and Casey to track down Super Shredder while Leatherhead, Mikey, Leo, and Donnie go fight Fishface, Rahzar, Bebop, and Rocksteady at the amusement park. However, Slash is no match for Super Shredder's might and is knocked out. Leatherhead manages to beat Rahzar by dragging him underwater. In the fourth season's finale, \"Owari,\" Rockwell, Leatherhead , Slash all appear at Splinter's funeral.", "Rocky struggles with contacting Robert, with whom he has become estranged with. Later on, Rocky drops by Adrian's and finds Ivan Drago waiting for him there. Drago tells him how his loss to Rocky thirty-three years earlier shattered his reputation, evicted him from Russia into Ukraine, and led to his divorce from his wife, Ludmilla. Drago threatens him by saying his son, Viktor (Florian Munteanu), has trained all his life and will \"break\" Donnie, has issued a challenge to Donnie earlier that morning. Rocky, clearly shaken, politely tells Drago to leave. Wanting to avenge his father and forge his own legacy, Donnie decides to take up Viktor's challenge and goes to Rocky's place for his approval. Rocky refuses to support Donnie, noting that Viktor was raised in hate and has nothing to lose, and that makes him dangerous. Despite Donnie's pleas, Rocky declines to train him out of fear and guilt from Apollo's fateful match years prior. Rocky decides to watch Donnie and Viktor's match, where he watches Viktor pummels Donnie repeatedly. Viktor hits Donnie while he is down, which knocks him unconscious; Rocky turns off his television in horror at what he has witnessed. Rocky travels to Los Angeles to visit a hospitalized Donnie, who lashes out at him for abandoning him. With Adonis becoming detached from his family, Donnie's stepmother and Apollo's widow Mary Anne (Phylicia Rashad) contacts Rocky in helping him out of his slump. Donnie and Rocky make amends, and Rocky accompanies Donnie as Bianca gives birth to their daughter, Amara. When Amara is revealed to be deaf, Rocky advises him that they should not pity her condition, and instead treat her fully with their love."], "answer": {"text": "by eight was performing on local television and entering talent contests.", "answer_start": 452}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Donnie Iris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania, but grew up in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "While attending Slippery Rock State College, Ierace formed a band called the Tri-Vels", "answer_start": 1385, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he an only child?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his first band Tri-Vets do?", "answer": {"text": "they renamed themselves Donnie and the Donnells. This band in both incarnations played R&B and pop rock covers at fraternity parties and lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they split up?", "answer": {"text": "lasted from about 1961 to 1964.", "answer_start": 1738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get into another band after?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get into music?", "answer": {"text": "Per his mother's encouragement, Ierace began singing at weddings at age five,", "answer_start": 370, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#0", "question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "rewrite": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up."], "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#1", "question": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released?", "rewrite": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released by Donnie Iris and the Cruisers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career."], "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#2", "question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' best selling album?", "rewrite": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' best selling album during the peak years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up."], "answer": {"text": "King Cool,", "answer_start": 677}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#3", "question": "In what year was the album King Cool released?", "rewrite": "In what year was the album King Cool released by Donnie Iris and the Cruisers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Iris' first album, Back on the Streets, was released in July 1980 on the small Cleveland, Ohio-based Midwest Records. With the track \"Ah! Leah!\" receiving airplay in Boston, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, MCA Records took notice and quickly signed Iris to a five-album deal and re-released the album nationally in October. The first single \"Ah! Leah!\" peaked at #29 on the Billboard Hot 100 (and #34 in Australia) in February 1981 and became one of the most frequently played AOR tracks of the year, and the album reached #57 on the Billboard 200. In addition, the band launched a national tour to promote the album and its follow-up during the summer of 1981. The follow-up album, King Cool, credited to Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, was released in August 1981 and garnered the band more AOR success, with \"Love Is Like a Rock\" reaching #9 on Billboard's Top Tracks chart. Two other songs from the album received significant AOR airplay; \"My Girl\" at #25 and \"Sweet Merilee\" at #31, charted on the Rock Tracks chart. In addition, he gained the nickname King Cool from this album in the later part of his career. However, the album itself charted less successfully, at #84. After the long tour promoting their two previous albums, the band continued songwriting and in the fall of 1982 released The High and the Mighty. The album contained the single \"Tough World,\" but only charted at #180, marking a decline in his success, but the band still was determined to release new material. Their next album one year later, Fortune 410, contained the hit single \"Do You Compute?\" which was used by their label MCA and the computer company Atari to form a cross-marketing promotion.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "My Girl (Donnie Iris song) \"My Girl\" is a song by American rock musician Donnie Iris from his 1981 album \"King Cool\". The song was released as a single the following year and reached #25 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. It was his highest charting hit single, the last of three which reached the Top 40.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years."], "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' best selling album?", "answer": {"text": "King Cool,", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#4", "question": "How many King Cool albums were sold?", "rewrite": "How many King Cool albums by Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were sold?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "Iris' first album, Back on the Streets, was released in July 1980 on the small Cleveland, Ohio-based Midwest Records. With the track \"Ah! Leah!\" receiving airplay in Boston, Cleveland and Pittsburgh, MCA Records took notice and quickly signed Iris to a five-album deal and re-released the album nationally in October. The first single \"Ah! Leah!\" peaked at #29 on the Billboard Hot 100 (and #34 in Australia) in February 1981 and became one of the most frequently played AOR tracks of the year, and the album reached #57 on the Billboard 200. In addition, the band launched a national tour to promote the album and its follow-up during the summer of 1981. The follow-up album, King Cool, credited to Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, was released in August 1981 and garnered the band more AOR success, with \"Love Is Like a Rock\" reaching #9 on Billboard's Top Tracks chart. Two other songs from the album received significant AOR airplay; \"My Girl\" at #25 and \"Sweet Merilee\" at #31, charted on the Rock Tracks chart. In addition, he gained the nickname King Cool from this album in the later part of his career. However, the album itself charted less successfully, at #84. After the long tour promoting their two previous albums, the band continued songwriting and in the fall of 1982 released The High and the Mighty. The album contained the single \"Tough World,\" but only charted at #180, marking a decline in his success, but the band still was determined to release new material. Their next album one year later, Fortune 410, contained the hit single \"Do You Compute?\" which was used by their label MCA and the computer company Atari to form a cross-marketing promotion.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' best selling album?", "answer": {"text": "King Cool,", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was the album King Cool released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#5", "question": "Did Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' perform large concerts?", "rewrite": "Did Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' perform large concerts during the peak years?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off."], "answer": {"text": "long tour", "answer_start": 1180}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' best selling album?", "answer": {"text": "King Cool,", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was the album King Cool released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many King Cool albums were sold?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#6", "question": "Did anyone leave the band during this time period?", "rewrite": "Did anyone in Donnie Iris and the Cruisers leave the band during the peak years?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP."], "answer": {"text": "Iris and the Cruisers, wanting to keep as much of their creative freedom and sound as they could, said no.", "answer_start": 737}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' best selling album?", "answer": {"text": "King Cool,", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was the album King Cool released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many King Cool albums were sold?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' perform large concerts?", "answer": {"text": "long tour", "answer_start": 1180, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b1cba43194474386e747bf8a7ecaef_0_q#7", "question": "Did Donnie Iris and the Cruisers win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Donnie Iris and the Cruisers win any awards during the peak years?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years."], "answer": {"text": "became one of the most frequently played AOR tracks of the year,", "answer_start": 430}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers biggest hit song in peak years?", "answer": {"text": "\"My Girl\" at #25", "answer_start": 935, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was the song \"My Girl\" released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' best selling album?", "answer": {"text": "King Cool,", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was the album King Cool released?", "answer": {"text": "August 1981", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many King Cool albums were sold?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Donnie Iris and the Cruisers' perform large concerts?", "answer": {"text": "long tour", "answer_start": 1180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone leave the band during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "Iris and the Cruisers, wanting to keep as much of their creative freedom and sound as they could, said no.", "answer_start": 737, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b970fd42854bcdab371647122f36f8_0_q#0", "question": "Who did William Goebel run against in 1899?", "rewrite": "Who did William Goebel run against in 1899?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election The 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1899, to choose the 33rd governor of Kentucky. The incumbent, Republican William O'Connell Bradley, was term-limited and unable to seek re-election. After a contentious and chaotic nominating convention at the Music Hall in Louisville, the Democratic Party chose state Senator William Goebel as its nominee. A dissident faction of the party, styling themselves the \"Honest Election Democrats\", were angered by Goebel's political tactics at the Music Hall convention and later held their own nominating convention. They chose former governor John Y. Brown as their nominee. Republicans nominated state Attorney General William S. Taylor, although Governor Bradley favored another candidate and lent Taylor little support in the ensuing campaign. In the general election, Taylor won by a vote of 193,714 to 191,331. Brown garnered 12,040 votes, more than the difference between Taylor and Goebel. The election results were challenged on grounds of voter fraud, but surprisingly, the state Board of Elections, created by a law Goebel had sponsored and stocked with pro-Goebel commissioners, certified Taylor's victory. An incensed Democratic majority in the Kentucky General Assembly created a committee to investigate the charges of voter fraud, even as armed citizens from heavily Republican eastern Kentucky poured into the state capital under auspices of keeping Democrats from stealing the election. Before the investigative committee could report, Goebel was shot by an unknown assassin while entering the state capitol on January 30, 1900. As Goebel lay in a nearby hotel being treated for his wounds, the committee issued its report recommending that the General Assembly invalidate enough votes to give the election to Goebel. The report was accepted, Taylor was deposed, and Goebel was sworn into office on January 31. He died three days later on February 2.", "Taylor v. Beckham  Taylor v. Beckham, 178 U.S. 548 (1900), was a case heard before the Supreme Court of the United States on April 30 and May 1, 1900, to decide the outcome of the disputed Kentucky gubernatorial election of 1899. The litigants were Republican gubernatorial candidate William S. Taylor and Democratic lieutenant gubernatorial candidate J. C. W. Beckham. In the November 7, 1899, election, Taylor received 193,714 votes to Democrat William Goebel's 191,331. This result was certified by a 2\u20131 decision of the state's Board of Elections. Goebel challenged the election results on the basis of alleged voting irregularities, and the Democrat-controlled Kentucky General Assembly formed a committee to investigate Goebel's claims. Goebel was shot on January 30, 1900, one day before the General Assembly approved the committee's report declaring enough Taylor votes invalid to swing the election to Goebel. As he lay dying of his wounds, Goebel was sworn into office on January 31, 1900. He died on February 3, 1900, and Beckham ascended to the governorship. Claiming the General Assembly's decision was invalid, Taylor sued to prevent Beckham from exercising the authority of the governor's office. Beckham countersued Taylor for possession of the state capitol and governor's mansion. The suits were consolidated and heard in Jefferson County circuit court, which claimed it had no authority to interfere with the method of deciding contested elections prescribed by the state constitution, an outcome that favored Beckham. The Kentucky Court of Appeals upheld the circuit court's decision on appeal and rejected Taylor's claim that he had been deprived of property without due process by stating that an elective office was not property and thus not protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.", "William S. Taylor William Sylvester Taylor (October 10, 1853 \u2013 August 2, 1928) was the 33rd Governor of Kentucky. He was initially declared the winner of the disputed gubernatorial election of 1899, but the Kentucky General Assembly, dominated by the Democrats, reversed the election results, giving the victory to his Democratic opponent, William Goebel. Thus, Taylor served only 50 days as governor. A poorly educated but politically astute lawyer, Taylor began climbing the political ladder by holding local offices in his native Butler County. Though he was a Republican in an overwhelmingly Democratic state, divisions in the majority party resulted in his election as Attorney General of Kentucky on a ticket with the Commonwealth's first Republican governor, William O. Bradley. Four years later, Taylor was elected in 1899 to the governorship. When the General Assembly reversed the election results after a dispute, incensed Republicans armed themselves and descended on Frankfort. Taylor's Democratic opponent, William Goebel, was shot and died after being sworn in on his deathbed. Taylor exhausted his finances in a legal battle with Goebel's running mate J. C. W. Beckham over the governorship. Taylor ultimately lost the battle, and was implicated in Goebel's assassination. He fled to neighboring Indiana. Despite eventually being pardoned for any wrongdoing, he seldom returned to Kentucky. Taylor died in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1928. William Taylor was born October 10, 1853 in a log cabin on the Green River, about five miles from Morgantown, Kentucky. He was the first child of Sylvester and Mary G. (Moore) Taylor. He spent his early years working on the family farm, and did not attend school until age fifteen; thereafter, he attended the public schools of Butler County and studied at home. In 1874, he began teaching, specializing in mathematics, history, and politics.", "The others were former congressman William Johnson Stone and state senator William Goebel. Hardin was the early favorite to win the nomination. He was supported by the powerful Louisville and Nashville (L&N) Railroad and by Louisville political boss John Henry Whallen. His free silver views helped him with the state's populist voters, but Stone, from rural western Kentucky, was also courting those voters. Stone had an additional advantage among this group because he was not associated with a large corporation like the L&N. Goebel primarily had his support among the state's urban areas. Just prior to the nominating convention, representatives for Goebel and Stone met to negotiate a deal whereby they could overcome the front-runner, Hardin. Goebel agreed to instruct half of his delegates from Louisville to vote for Stone in exchange for Stone's support of his choice of convention chairman. The two sides further agreed that if their candidate was defeated or withdrew, their delegates would support the other and not Hardin. The convention opened on June 21, 1899 in Louisville's Music Hall. Stone supporter Ollie M. James nominated Judge David B. Redwine for chairman. When Urey Woodson, a Goebel supporter, seconded the nomination, the deal between the two men became apparent to all. Hardin supporters nominated William H. Sweeney of Marion County, but Sweeney was defeated by a vote of 551 to 529. Hardin incurred a further disadvantage when only four of his supporters were named to the thirteen-member committee on credentials. This committee would decide which delegates would be allowed to vote from delegations that were contested. The following day, the credentials committee issued its report, which shifted 159 votes from Hardin to Goebel and Stone. Chairman Redwine only allowed uncontested delegations to vote on the committee's report, which was approved 441 to 328.", "The group established a Confederate state capital in Bowling Green, but never successfully displaced the elected General Assembly in Frankfort. The General Assembly played a decisive role in the disputed gubernatorial election of 1899. Initial vote tallies had Republican William S. Taylor leading Democrat William Goebel by a scant 2,383 votes. The General Assembly, however, wielded the final authority in election disputes. With a majority in both houses, the Democrats attempted to invalidate enough votes to give the election to Goebel. During the contentious days that followed, an unidentified assassin shot Goebel as he approached the state capitol. As Goebel hovered on the brink of death, chaos ensued in Frankfort, and further violence threatened. Taylor, serving as governor pending a final decision on the election, called out the militia and ordered the General Assembly into a special session, not in Frankfort, but in London, Kentucky, a Republican area of the state. The Republican minority naturally heeded the call and headed to London. Democrats predictably resisted the call, many retiring to Louisville instead. Both factions claimed authority, but the Republicans were too few in number to muster a quorum. Goebel died four days after receiving the fatal shot, and the election was eventually contested to the U.S. Supreme Court, who ruled the General Assembly's actions legal and made Goebel's lieutenant governor, J. C. W. Beckham, governor of the state. The General Assembly is bicameral, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The House and Senate chambers are on opposite ends of the third floor of the capitol building, and legislators have offices in the nearby Capitol Annex building. Section 33 of the Kentucky Constitution requires that the General Assembly divide the state into 38 Senate and 100 House districts. Districts are required to be as nearly equal in population as possible."], "answer": {"text": "Three men sought the Democratic nomination for governor at the 1899 party convention in Louisville - Goebel, Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a0b970fd42854bcdab371647122f36f8_0_q#1", "question": "Was it a close race?", "rewrite": "Was the Gubernatorial election of 1899 a close race?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1966 Hawaii gubernatorial election The 1966 Hawaii gubernatorial election was Hawaii's third gubernatorial election. The election was held on November 8, 1966, and resulted in a victory for the Democratic candidate, incumbent Governor of Hawaii John A. Burns over Republican candidate, State Senator Randolph Crossley. Despite the close race, Burns received more votes than Crossley in every county in the state except Honolulu, which Crossley won by less than one percentage point. Neither the Democratic nor Republican primaries, both of which were held on October 1, 1966, were particularly contentious. In the Democratic primary, John A. Burns received 79.49% of the vote to G.J. Fontes' 20.51%. Randolph Crossley received 98.08% of the Republican primary vote to 1.92% for Gottfried Seitz.", "2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election The 2010 Minnesota gubernatorial election was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2010 to elect the 40th Governor of the U.S. state of Minnesota for a four-year term to begin in January 2011. The general election was contested by the major party candidates State Representative Tom Emmer (R\u2013Delano), former U.S. Senator Mark Dayton (DFL), and Independence Party candidate Tom Horner. After a very close race, Dayton was elected governor. Emmer would be elected to the United States House of Representatives four years later. The 2010 gubernatorial election saw an exceptionally large field of candidates seeking endorsement from each party's respective convention. In the DFL and the Independence Parties there were protracted primary fights that extended into August. The state's three major parties participated in the general election along with four minor parties. After incumbent Governor Tim Pawlenty announced in June 2009 that he would not seek a third term, the field was open for Republicans to seek their party's endorsement. At the Minnesota GOP's off-year state convention in October 2009, former Representative Marty Seifert took first place in a straw poll with 37% of the vote. Representative Tom Emmer took second place with 23%, Patricia Anderson had 14%, and the rest of the participating candidates received less than 10% each. Seifert had another victory in the February 2 precinct caucuses, winning a statewide straw poll of caucus attendees with 50% of the vote, followed by Emmer with 39%. None of the other candidates got beyond single digits. Delegates to the state convention, however, were more closely divided between Emmer and Seifert than the initial straw poll indicated. Both camps claimed a delegate lead throughout the process leading up to the state convention, but the outcome was uncertain and was ultimately decided on the convention floor.", "2010 Illinois gubernatorial election The 2010 Illinois gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 2010. Incumbent Democratic Governor Pat Quinn sought and was elected to a full term in office. Quinn was elected as the Democratic nominee, the Illinois Green Party nominee was attorney and 2006 nominee Rich Whitney, the Republican nominee was State Senator Bill Brady, the Libertarian Party nominee was Lex Green, and Scott Lee Cohen ran as an independent. Governor Quinn won election to a full term in a very close race, beating Senator Brady by only about 32,000 votes, despite Brady winning in 98 of 102 Illinois counties. Prior to the general election, the primary election in February 2010 featured extremely close races between candidates for the two largest parties' nominations. Quinn warded off a challenge by Comptroller Dan Hynes by a margin of about 8,300 votes, while Brady won the Republican nomination on the strength of less than a 200-vote margin in a fractured seven-way race. The election marked the first time since 1852 that Democrats had won three consecutive Illinois gubernatorial elections. Democratic candidates Quinn and Hynes debated on January 19. WSIU Public Broadcasting (WSIU (FM)/WSIU-TV) at Southern Illinois University and Illinois Public Media (WILL AM/FM/TV) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also co-sponsored two gubernatorial primary election debates. Pat Quinn and Dan Hynes debated on January 21, 2010. After the February 2 Democratic primary in which incumbent Governor Pat Quinn was nominated, attention was drawn to Scott Lee Cohen, the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor. Illinois law required that candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run in separate primary elections, but run as a ticket in the November general election. Cohen was criticized for his having been charged with domestic battery, in which he was accused of holding a knife to the throat of an ex-girlfriend who was also a convicted prostitute.", "Electoral history of Bill Clinton  Electoral history of Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States (1993\u20132001); 40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas (1979\u20131981 and 1983\u20131992). Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 (Democratic primary) Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 (Democratic primary runoff) Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 Arkansas Attorney General, 1976 (Democratic primary): Arkansas Attorney General, 1976 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 (Democratic primary runoff) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1984 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1984 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1986 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1986 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1990 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1990 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1992 1992 Democratic National Convention  1992 United States presidential election Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1996  1996 Democratic National Convention 1996 United States presidential election", "2014 Minnesota gubernatorial election The 2014 Minnesota gubernatorial election took place on November 4, 2014, to elect the governor of Minnesota concurrently with the election to Minnesota's Class II U.S. Senate seat, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic\u2013Farmer\u2013 Labor governor Mark Dayton ran for re-election to a second term in office. Incumbent Democratic lieutenant governor Yvonne Prettner Solon retired and Tina Smith was selected as his new running mate. Primary elections were held on August 12, 2014. Dayton and Smith won the Democratic primary and the Republicans nominated Hennepin County Commissioner Jeff Johnson and his running mate former state representative Bill Kuisle. In the general election, Dayton and Smith defeated them and several other minor party candidates with just over 50% of the vote. Dayton's victory broke his own record, set in 2010, as the oldest Minnesota gubernatorial candidate to win an election; he was 67. It was also the first gubernatorial race since 1994 in which the winner received a majority of the votes cast. Incumbent Republican Governor Tim Pawlenty declined to run for a third term in 2010, instead running for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2012 election. State Representative Tom Emmer easily won the Republican nomination and former U.S. Senator Mark Dayton won the DFL nomination with a plurality over State House Speaker Margaret Anderson Kelliher. After a very close race, Dayton defeated Emmer by just 8,770 votes, 0.42% of all votes cast. Dayton's victory was one of just four that Minnesota Democrats have achieved out of 28 gubernatorial elections during a Democratic presidency. Despite this, and despite his narrow margin of victory in 2010, Dayton was not seen as a top Republican target. \""], "answer": {"text": "As word of the plan spread, Hardin dropped out of the race, believing he would be beaten by the Stone-Goebel alliance.", "answer_start": 564}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did William Goebel run against in 1899?", "answer": {"text": "Three men sought the Democratic nomination for governor at the 1899 party convention in Louisville - Goebel, Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b970fd42854bcdab371647122f36f8_0_q#2", "question": "What was the final vote?", "rewrite": "What was the final vote of the Gubernatorial election of 1899?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aleksandr Bokovikov  Aleksandr Bokovikov (September 7, 1956, Ayan \u2013 August 8, 2010) was a Russian politician and businessman who served as the Governor of the now defunct Evenk Autonomous Okrug from 1997 until 2001. The Evenk Autonomous Okrug was later merged into the Krasnoyarsk Krai on January 1, 2007, and incorporated into the Krasnoyarsk Krai as the Evenkiysky District. Bokovikov was elected as the first chairman of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug legislature, known as the Sulgan, in 1994. Bokovikov announced his candidacy for Governor of Evenk Autonomous Okrug in the 1996 gubernatorial election. He ran with the backing of both the National Patriotic Union of Russia and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. Bokovikov's main opponent was the incumbent head of the Evenk Autonomous Okrug, Anatolii Yakimov, who was supported by the All Russia Coordinating Council. The gubernatorial election was held on December 22, 1996, but it would be March 1997 before a victor was announced due to irregularities in the election results. The initial election results showed Bokovikov defeating Yakimov by less than 100 votes. However, the final vote tally had Yakimov being re-elected by 550 votes over Bokovikov. Bokovikov filed a lawsuit against the Evenk Autonomous Okrug's election commission, with the goal of having the 1996 election results overturned. The results were not overturned, but a new gubernatorial election was held in March 1997 instead. Aleksandr Bokovikov was elected Governor of Evenk Autonomous Okrug on March 16, 1997, nearly four months after the disputed December election. Much of his focus as Governor pertained to economic development in the okrug and raising the standard of living. He also opposed the sale of public land.", "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election The 1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Ben Tillman was renominated by the Democrats and was elected in the general election to a second two-year term. On March 24 in Columbia, a gathering of conservative Democrats, called the Peace and Harmony convention, plotted strategy for the upcoming gubernatorial election. The conservatives had learnt from their defeat to Tillman in the gubernatorial election of 1890 and realized that it was necessary to give their nominee momentum prior to the canvassing of delegates for the Democratic nominating convention. They also vowed to accept the gubernatorial nominee chosen at the Democratic convention and refrain from running a straightout ticket even if Tillman was to be renominated. James L. Orr was given the nomination for governor, but refused and instead former Governor John Sheppard was nominated by the conservatives. Sheppard, although dignified and respected, possessed none of the demagogic skills of Tillman and therefore would be unable to compete for the votes of the class conscious farmers. The conservatives requested a primary to select the nomination of the statewide Democratic ticket instead of the convention system currently being used, but the Tillmanites refused because they were fully in control of the party machinery. Furthermore, the Tillmanites introduced a new rule that blacks could only participate in the selection of delegates if they had ten white men vouch that they voted for Hampton in the gubernatorial election of 1876. The candidates for governor stumped the state, but there was hardly a peaceful debate. Often, the supporters of both candidates would end up with pistols drawn and threatening violence. Tillman was the chief contributor to this violence and actively supported it among his partisans. He was asked by a close friend why he raised so much hell and Tillman answered \"if I didn't, the damn fools wouldn't vote for me.\"", "2000 Missouri gubernatorial election The Missouri gubernatorial election of 2000 was Missouri's 50th gubernatorial election. The election was held on November 7, 2000 and resulted in a narrow victory for the Democratic nominee, State Treasurer of Missouri Bob Holden, over the Republican candidate, U.S. Representative Jim Talent, and several other candidates. This is the only time since 1972 that the winner of the Missouri gubernatorial election did not come from the same party as the winner of the presidential election held simultaneously (although Democratic presidential nominee Al Gore did win the popular vote; it would not be until the 2016 gubernatorial election that Missouri elected a governor from the party whose presidential nominee lost the national popular vote). This gubernatorial election was one of the closet in Missouri history. Bob Holden did well, as expected in St. Louis and Kansas City. Talent easily won most rural parts of the state. Holden did poorly in the St. Louis and Kansas City suburbs. However Holden's wins in the Democratic strongholds of St. Louis and Kansas City proved to be just enough to push him over the finish line. Because the election was decided by less than 1% Talent could have requested a recount that his campaign would have to pay for since it was not below half a percent. It was clear though that Holden had won. Most recounts never see a swing of more than a 1,000 votes. Talent was trailing 21,445. Talent eventually waived his right for a recount and conceded defeat on the late evening of November 14. This remains as one of the closest gubernatorial elections Missouri has ever seen.", "Electoral history of Bill Clinton  Electoral history of Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States (1993\u20132001); 40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas (1979\u20131981 and 1983\u20131992). Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 (Democratic primary) Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 (Democratic primary runoff) Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 Arkansas Attorney General, 1976 (Democratic primary): Arkansas Attorney General, 1976 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 (Democratic primary runoff) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1984 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1984 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1986 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1986 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1990 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1990 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1992 1992 Democratic National Convention  1992 United States presidential election Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1996  1996 Democratic National Convention 1996 United States presidential election", "1857 Wisconsin gubernatorial election The 1857 gubernatorial election in Wisconsin was held on November 3, 1857. Republican Party candidate Alexander Randall won the election with just over 50% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate James B. Cross. Incumbent Governor Coles Bashford declined to seek re-election. James B. Cross was the incumbent Mayor of Milwaukee at the time of the 1857 gubernatorial election, serving his third consecutive term in that role. He had also represented Milwaukee in the Wisconsin State Assembly for three terms. Cross was a lawyer and had previously served as a probate judge in Milwaukee County. He was a Wisconsin delegate to the 1856 Democratic National Convention. James B. Cross was nominated on the third ballot at the Wisconsin Democratic Party Convention. He received 89 votes; Jairus C. Fairchild received 37; Francis Huebschmann received 14. Alexander W. Randall was a Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge in Milwaukee prior to the 1857 gubernatorial election, having been appointed by the previous Governor, Coles Bashford. Randall had been an attorney for Governor Bashford in his challenge of the 1855 Wisconsin gubernatorial election results. Earlier, in 1846, Randall had been a delegate to the first Wisconsin constitutional convention and had successfully advocated for including a provision by which African American suffrage could be legalized via referendum. Randall served as a Democrat in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1855, but became a Republican later that year when he ran unsuccessfully for election to be Attorney General of Wisconsin. Randall became a compromise choice for gubernatorial nominee at the 1857 Wisconsin Republican Convention after delegates became deadlocked between the two leading candidates, Edward Holton and Walter McIndoe."], "answer": {"text": "Republican William S. Taylor defeated both Democratic candidates in the general election, but his margin over Goebel was only 2,383 votes.", "answer_start": 1597}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did William Goebel run against in 1899?", "answer": {"text": "Three men sought the Democratic nomination for governor at the 1899 party convention in Louisville - Goebel, Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a close race?", "answer": {"text": "As word of the plan spread, Hardin dropped out of the race, believing he would be beaten by the Stone-Goebel alliance.", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b970fd42854bcdab371647122f36f8_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the Gubernatorial election of 1899?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1857 Wisconsin gubernatorial election The 1857 gubernatorial election in Wisconsin was held on November 3, 1857. Republican Party candidate Alexander Randall won the election with just over 50% of the vote, defeating Democratic candidate James B. Cross. Incumbent Governor Coles Bashford declined to seek re-election. James B. Cross was the incumbent Mayor of Milwaukee at the time of the 1857 gubernatorial election, serving his third consecutive term in that role. He had also represented Milwaukee in the Wisconsin State Assembly for three terms. Cross was a lawyer and had previously served as a probate judge in Milwaukee County. He was a Wisconsin delegate to the 1856 Democratic National Convention. James B. Cross was nominated on the third ballot at the Wisconsin Democratic Party Convention. He received 89 votes; Jairus C. Fairchild received 37; Francis Huebschmann received 14. Alexander W. Randall was a Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge in Milwaukee prior to the 1857 gubernatorial election, having been appointed by the previous Governor, Coles Bashford. Randall had been an attorney for Governor Bashford in his challenge of the 1855 Wisconsin gubernatorial election results. Earlier, in 1846, Randall had been a delegate to the first Wisconsin constitutional convention and had successfully advocated for including a provision by which African American suffrage could be legalized via referendum. Randall served as a Democrat in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1855, but became a Republican later that year when he ran unsuccessfully for election to be Attorney General of Wisconsin. Randall became a compromise choice for gubernatorial nominee at the 1857 Wisconsin Republican Convention after delegates became deadlocked between the two leading candidates, Edward Holton and Walter McIndoe.", "2015 Kogi gubernatorial election The 2015 Kogi Gubernatorial election was held on 21 November 2015 to determine the governor for Kogi State. The gubernatorial election is to elect the governor of Kogi state; the official at the head of the executive branch of a state. The last Kogi state gubernatorial election was held in 2011. The incumbent governor, Captain Idris Wada, ran for re-election against the former governor, Prince Audu, the candidate of the All Progressives Congress. This is a list of Kogi State governorship candidates and their political parties. Although there would have been 22 candidates but Zainab Usman, the candidate of the African Democratic Congress (ADC), announced her withdrawal from the contest on 21 November, asking her supporters to votes for Abubakar Audu. Although this was too late to alter election materials, thus her name still remain on the ballot paper voters go to the polls. Two candidates were prominent, namely Idris Wada of the Peoples Democratic Party and Abubakar Audu of the All Progressives Congress. Gubernatorial election campaigns by political parties commenced on 24 July 2015 and ended 19 November 2015. The two top contenders campaigned throughout the 21 local governments and 239 wards of the state. On 22 November 2015, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) announced the results of the election from all the 21 local government areas in the State. Though there were thoughts of possibly violence that resulted in huge deployment of security personnel, election day turned out to be largely peaceful. The election drew a crowd of voters in the election between the ruling APC and the new opposition PDP. The results announced in all the polling units which make up the state for the election were declared by the State Collation/Returning Officer.", "1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election The 1892 South Carolina gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892 to select the governor of the state of South Carolina. Governor Ben Tillman was renominated by the Democrats and was elected in the general election to a second two-year term. On March 24 in Columbia, a gathering of conservative Democrats, called the Peace and Harmony convention, plotted strategy for the upcoming gubernatorial election. The conservatives had learnt from their defeat to Tillman in the gubernatorial election of 1890 and realized that it was necessary to give their nominee momentum prior to the canvassing of delegates for the Democratic nominating convention. They also vowed to accept the gubernatorial nominee chosen at the Democratic convention and refrain from running a straightout ticket even if Tillman was to be renominated. James L. Orr was given the nomination for governor, but refused and instead former Governor John Sheppard was nominated by the conservatives. Sheppard, although dignified and respected, possessed none of the demagogic skills of Tillman and therefore would be unable to compete for the votes of the class conscious farmers. The conservatives requested a primary to select the nomination of the statewide Democratic ticket instead of the convention system currently being used, but the Tillmanites refused because they were fully in control of the party machinery. Furthermore, the Tillmanites introduced a new rule that blacks could only participate in the selection of delegates if they had ten white men vouch that they voted for Hampton in the gubernatorial election of 1876. The candidates for governor stumped the state, but there was hardly a peaceful debate. Often, the supporters of both candidates would end up with pistols drawn and threatening violence. Tillman was the chief contributor to this violence and actively supported it among his partisans. He was asked by a close friend why he raised so much hell and Tillman answered \"if I didn't, the damn fools wouldn't vote for me.\"", "2000 Missouri gubernatorial election The Missouri gubernatorial election of 2000 was Missouri's 50th gubernatorial election. The election was held on November 7, 2000 and resulted in a narrow victory for the Democratic nominee, State Treasurer of Missouri Bob Holden, over the Republican candidate, U.S. Representative Jim Talent, and several other candidates. This is the only time since 1972 that the winner of the Missouri gubernatorial election did not come from the same party as the winner of the presidential election held simultaneously (although Democratic presidential nominee Al Gore did win the popular vote; it would not be until the 2016 gubernatorial election that Missouri elected a governor from the party whose presidential nominee lost the national popular vote). This gubernatorial election was one of the closet in Missouri history. Bob Holden did well, as expected in St. Louis and Kansas City. Talent easily won most rural parts of the state. Holden did poorly in the St. Louis and Kansas City suburbs. However Holden's wins in the Democratic strongholds of St. Louis and Kansas City proved to be just enough to push him over the finish line. Because the election was decided by less than 1% Talent could have requested a recount that his campaign would have to pay for since it was not below half a percent. It was clear though that Holden had won. Most recounts never see a swing of more than a 1,000 votes. Talent was trailing 21,445. Talent eventually waived his right for a recount and conceded defeat on the late evening of November 14. This remains as one of the closest gubernatorial elections Missouri has ever seen.", "Electoral history of Bill Clinton  Electoral history of Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States (1993\u20132001); 40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas (1979\u20131981 and 1983\u20131992). Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 (Democratic primary) Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 (Democratic primary runoff) Arkansas 3rd congressional district, 1974 Arkansas Attorney General, 1976 (Democratic primary): Arkansas Attorney General, 1976 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1978 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1980 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 (Democratic primary runoff) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1982 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1984 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1984 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1986 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1986 Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1990 (Democratic primary) Arkansas gubernatorial election, 1990 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1992 1992 Democratic National Convention  1992 United States presidential election Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1996  1996 Democratic National Convention 1996 United States presidential election"], "answer": {"text": "Democrats in the General Assembly began making accusations of voting irregularities in some counties,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did William Goebel run against in 1899?", "answer": {"text": "Three men sought the Democratic nomination for governor at the 1899 party convention in Louisville - Goebel, Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a close race?", "answer": {"text": "As word of the plan spread, Hardin dropped out of the race, believing he would be beaten by the Stone-Goebel alliance.", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the final vote?", "answer": {"text": "Republican William S. Taylor defeated both Democratic candidates in the general election, but his margin over Goebel was only 2,383 votes.", "answer_start": 1597, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0b970fd42854bcdab371647122f36f8_0_q#4", "question": "How did these accusations affect Goebel?", "rewrite": "How did accusations of voting irregularities affect William Goebel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lieutenant Governor J. C. W. Beckham ascended to the office of governor, and he and Taylor waged a protracted court battle over the governorship. Beckham won the case on appeal, and Taylor fled to Indiana to escape prosecution as an accomplice in Goebel's murder. A total of sixteen people were charged in connection with the assassination. Five went to trial; two of those were acquitted. Each of the remaining three were convicted in trials fraught with irregularities and were eventually pardoned by subsequent governors. The identity of Goebel's assassin remains a mystery. In the 1895 gubernatorial election, Kentucky elected its first-ever Republican governor, William O. Bradley. Bradley was able to capitalize both on divisions within the Democratic Party over the issue of Free Silver and on the presence of a strong third-party candidate, Populist Thomas S. Pettit, to secure victory in the general election by just under 9,000 votes. This election marked the beginning of nearly thirty years of true, two-party competition in Kentucky politics. A powerful Democratic foe of Bradley had begun his rise to power in the Kentucky Senate. Kenton County's William Goebel became the leader of a new group of young Democrats who were seen as enemies of large corporations, particularly the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and friends of the working man. Goebel was known as aloof and calculating. Unmarried and with few close friends of either gender, he was singularly driven by political power. Goebel was chosen president pro tem of the Senate for the 1898 legislative session. On February 1, 1898, he sponsored a measure later called the Goebel Election Law. The law created a Board of Election Commissioners, appointed by the General Assembly, who were responsible for choosing election commissioners in all of Kentucky's counties and were empowered to decide disputed elections.", "1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election The 1899 Kentucky gubernatorial election was held on November 7, 1899, to choose the 33rd governor of Kentucky. The incumbent, Republican William O'Connell Bradley, was term-limited and unable to seek re-election. After a contentious and chaotic nominating convention at the Music Hall in Louisville, the Democratic Party chose state Senator William Goebel as its nominee. A dissident faction of the party, styling themselves the \"Honest Election Democrats\", were angered by Goebel's political tactics at the Music Hall convention and later held their own nominating convention. They chose former governor John Y. Brown as their nominee. Republicans nominated state Attorney General William S. Taylor, although Governor Bradley favored another candidate and lent Taylor little support in the ensuing campaign. In the general election, Taylor won by a vote of 193,714 to 191,331. Brown garnered 12,040 votes, more than the difference between Taylor and Goebel. The election results were challenged on grounds of voter fraud, but surprisingly, the state Board of Elections, created by a law Goebel had sponsored and stocked with pro-Goebel commissioners, certified Taylor's victory. An incensed Democratic majority in the Kentucky General Assembly created a committee to investigate the charges of voter fraud, even as armed citizens from heavily Republican eastern Kentucky poured into the state capital under auspices of keeping Democrats from stealing the election. Before the investigative committee could report, Goebel was shot by an unknown assassin while entering the state capitol on January 30, 1900. As Goebel lay in a nearby hotel being treated for his wounds, the committee issued its report recommending that the General Assembly invalidate enough votes to give the election to Goebel. The report was accepted, Taylor was deposed, and Goebel was sworn into office on January 31. He died three days later on February 2.", "Taylor v. Beckham  Taylor v. Beckham, 178 U.S. 548 (1900), was a case heard before the Supreme Court of the United States on April 30 and May 1, 1900, to decide the outcome of the disputed Kentucky gubernatorial election of 1899. The litigants were Republican gubernatorial candidate William S. Taylor and Democratic lieutenant gubernatorial candidate J. C. W. Beckham. In the November 7, 1899, election, Taylor received 193,714 votes to Democrat William Goebel's 191,331. This result was certified by a 2\u20131 decision of the state's Board of Elections. Goebel challenged the election results on the basis of alleged voting irregularities, and the Democrat-controlled Kentucky General Assembly formed a committee to investigate Goebel's claims. Goebel was shot on January 30, 1900, one day before the General Assembly approved the committee's report declaring enough Taylor votes invalid to swing the election to Goebel. As he lay dying of his wounds, Goebel was sworn into office on January 31, 1900. He died on February 3, 1900, and Beckham ascended to the governorship. Claiming the General Assembly's decision was invalid, Taylor sued to prevent Beckham from exercising the authority of the governor's office. Beckham countersued Taylor for possession of the state capitol and governor's mansion. The suits were consolidated and heard in Jefferson County circuit court, which claimed it had no authority to interfere with the method of deciding contested elections prescribed by the state constitution, an outcome that favored Beckham. The Kentucky Court of Appeals upheld the circuit court's decision on appeal and rejected Taylor's claim that he had been deprived of property without due process by stating that an elective office was not property and thus not protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.", "In the run-up to the 1892 presidential election, African-American journalist C. H. J. Taylor of Kansas City, Kansas, in his paper \"The American Citizen\", used the term to refer to Republicans in the West who, he wrote, \"would vote for a yellow dog out there if he was named Republican.\" In 1893, the \"Kansas City Journal\", a Republican paper, criticized \"This thing of voting for 'yaller dogs', and expecting them to turn black-and-tan after the election,\" with reference to Missouri voters always voting for Democrats, then being surprised they were invariably corrupt. In the 1900 Kentucky gubernatorial contest involving Kentucky Governor William Goebel, Theodore Hallam was criticized at a Democratic Party meeting for first supporting Goebel, then campaigning against him. The critic pointed out that Hallam earlier had said \"if the Democrats of Kentucky, in convention assembled, nominated a yaller dog for governor you would vote for him\" and asked \"why do you now repudiate the nominee of that convention, the Honorable William Goebel?\" Hallam responded:  \"I admit,\" he stated blandly, \"that I said then what I now repeat, namely, that when the Democratic Party of Kentucky, in convention assembled, sees fit in its wisdom to nominate a yaller dog for the governorship of this great state, I will support him \u2014 but lower than that ye shall not drag me!\" There are indications that the term was in widespread and easily understandable use by 1923. In a letter written in Huntland, Tennessee, by W. L. Moore of Kansas City, Missouri, on May 9, 1923, on the occasion of his 90th birthday, Moore writes:  I am a Democrat from inheritance, from prejudice and principle, if the principle suits me. But I have passed the yaller dog degree.", "William S. Taylor William Sylvester Taylor (October 10, 1853 \u2013 August 2, 1928) was the 33rd Governor of Kentucky. He was initially declared the winner of the disputed gubernatorial election of 1899, but the Kentucky General Assembly, dominated by the Democrats, reversed the election results, giving the victory to his Democratic opponent, William Goebel. Thus, Taylor served only 50 days as governor. A poorly educated but politically astute lawyer, Taylor began climbing the political ladder by holding local offices in his native Butler County. Though he was a Republican in an overwhelmingly Democratic state, divisions in the majority party resulted in his election as Attorney General of Kentucky on a ticket with the Commonwealth's first Republican governor, William O. Bradley. Four years later, Taylor was elected in 1899 to the governorship. When the General Assembly reversed the election results after a dispute, incensed Republicans armed themselves and descended on Frankfort. Taylor's Democratic opponent, William Goebel, was shot and died after being sworn in on his deathbed. Taylor exhausted his finances in a legal battle with Goebel's running mate J. C. W. Beckham over the governorship. Taylor ultimately lost the battle, and was implicated in Goebel's assassination. He fled to neighboring Indiana. Despite eventually being pardoned for any wrongdoing, he seldom returned to Kentucky. Taylor died in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1928. William Taylor was born October 10, 1853 in a log cabin on the Green River, about five miles from Morgantown, Kentucky. He was the first child of Sylvester and Mary G. (Moore) Taylor. He spent his early years working on the family farm, and did not attend school until age fifteen; thereafter, he attended the public schools of Butler County and studied at home. In 1874, he began teaching, specializing in mathematics, history, and politics."], "answer": {"text": "but in a surprise decision, the Board of Elections created by the Goebel Election Law and manned by three hand-picked Goebel Democrats, ruled 2-1 that the disputed ballots should count,", "answer_start": 102}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did William Goebel run against in 1899?", "answer": {"text": "Three men sought the Democratic nomination for governor at the 1899 party convention in Louisville - Goebel, Wat Hardin, and William J. Stone.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a close race?", "answer": {"text": "As word of the plan spread, Hardin dropped out of the race, believing he would be beaten by the Stone-Goebel alliance.", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the final vote?", "answer": {"text": "Republican William S. Taylor defeated both Democratic candidates in the general election, but his margin over Goebel was only 2,383 votes.", "answer_start": 1597, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Democrats in the General Assembly began making accusations of voting irregularities in some counties,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#0", "question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "rewrite": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Intuition has this peculiar quality: it is neither sensation, nor feeling, nor intellectual conclusion, although it may appear in any of these forms.\" Extraverted intuition is the type of intuition that introspects in an extraverted and thus, objective manner\u2014thus, the extraverted intuitive type is the 'brainstormer', one who introspects many possibilities for certain situations. Because of this, the extraverted intuitive is known to have quite flighty judgment and a lack of decisiveness. Unlike its extraverted irrational counterpart, extraverted sensation, extraverted intuition looks for not what is but what may be. Ne operates together with Si, forming the Ne-Si axis. It perceives possibilities in the external world, between objects (Ne) and these connections are synthesised from the subjective physical (concrete) impressions (Si) of the object, hence owing to the quirkiness and seemingly wild nature of their associations to an observer (higher Ne users) since their physical impressions of objects are subjective and hence obscured from objective view of physical reality (Se). Ne-Si can be termed as examining. Introverted intuition is the intuition that acts in an introverted and thus, subjective manner. Introverted intuition is a function that is often described as hard to explain, due to its highly inward and intangible nature. The introverted intuition type has the ability to 'thread' multiple sources of phenomena into a certain view or vision. This is contrary to its opposite, extraverted sensation, which sees things as they come and in a very concrete manner. The lack of this extraverted sensation can often make the Ni type a very dogged character, ignoring what is apparent and focusing on their synthesised worldview.", "Some studies suggest that the mood with which the subject enters the decision-making process can also affect the style they choose to employ: sad people tend to be more deliberative, while people in a happy mood rely more on intuition. The Preference for Intuition and Deliberation Scale developed by Coralie Bestch in 2004 measures propensity toward intuitiveness. The scale defines preference for intuition as tendency to use affect (\u201cgut-feel\u201d) as a basis for decision-making instead of cognition. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is also sometimes used. Researchers have also explored the efficacy of intuitive judgments and the debate on the function of intuition versus analysis in decisions that require specific expertise, as in management of organizations. In this context, intuition is interpreted as an \u201cunconscious expertise\u201d rather than a traditionally purely heuristic response. Research suggests that this kind of intuition is based on a \u201cbroad constellation of past experiences, knowledge, skills, perceptions and feelings.\u201d The efficacy of intuitive decision-making in the management environment is largely dependent on the decision context and decision maker\u2019s expertise. The expertise-based intuition increases over time when the employee gets more experience regarding the organization worked for and by gathering domain-specific knowledge. In this context the so-called intuition is not just series of random guesses, but rather a process of combining expertise and know-how with the employee\u2019s instincts. Intuitions can, however be difficult to prove to be right in terms of decision-making. It is in most situations likely, that decisions based on intuition are harder to justify than those that are based in rational analysis. Especially in the context of business and organizational decision-making, one should be able to justify their decisions, thus making them purely intuitively is often not possible. It is debated upon whether intuition is accurate, but evidence has been shown that under aforementioned conditions it can.", "Intuition and decision-making  Intuition in the context of decision-making is defined as a \u201cnon-sequential information-processing mode.\u201d It is distinct from insight (a much more protracted process) and can be contrasted with the deliberative style of decision-making. Intuition can influence judgment through either emotion or cognition, and there has been some suggestion that it may be a means of bridging the two. Individuals use intuition and more deliberative decision-making styles interchangeably, but there has been some evidence that people tend to gravitate to one or the other style more naturally. People in a good mood gravitate toward intuitive styles, while people in a bad mood tend to become more deliberative. The specific ways in which intuition actually influences decisions remain poorly understood. Snap judgments made possible by heuristics are sometimes identified as intuition. Intuitive decision-making can be described as the process by which information acquired through associated learning and stored in long-term memory is accessed unconsciously to form the basis of a judgment or decision. This information can be transferred through affect induced by exposure to available options, or through unconscious cognition. Intuition is based on the implicit knowledge available to the decision-maker. For example, owning a dog as a child imbues someone with implicit knowledge about canine behavior, which may then be channeled into a decision-making process as the emotion of fear or anxiety before taking a certain kind of action around an angry dog. Intuition is the mechanism by which this implicit knowledge is brought to the forefront of the decision-making process. Some definitions of intuition in the context of decision-making point to the importance of recognizing cues and patterns in one\u2019s environment and then using them to improve one\u2019s problem solving.", "Logical intuition  Logical Intuition, or mathematical intuition or rational intuition, is the ability to perceive logical or mathematical truth. Humans apply logical intuition in proving mathematical theorems, validating logical arguments, developing algorithms and heuristics, and in related contexts. The ability to recognize logical or mathematical truth may vary from person to person and could be subject to cultivation in students. The ability may not be realizable in a computer program by means other than genetic programming or evolutionary programming. Plato and Aristotle considered intuition a means for perceiving ideas, significant enough that for Aristotle, intuition comprised the only means of knowing principles that are not subject to argument. Henri Poincar\u00e9 distinguished logical intuition from other forms of intuition. In his book The Value of Science he points out: The passage goes on to assign two roles to logical intuition: to permit one to choose which route to follow in search of scientific truth, and to allow one to comprehend logical developments. Bertrand Russell, though critical of intuitive mysticism, pointed out that the degree to which a truth is self-evident according to logical intuition can vary, from one situation to another, and stated that some self-evident truths are practically infallible: Kurt G\u00f6del demonstrated based on his incompleteness theorems that intuition-based propositional calculus cannot be finitely valued. G\u00f6del likened logical intuition to sense perception and considered the mathematical constructs that humans perceive to have an independent existence of their own. The human mind's ability to sense such abstract constructs may not be finitely describable. Dissent regarding the value of intuition in a logical or mathematical context may often hinge on the breadth of the definition of intuition. Dissent regarding the implications of logical intuition in the fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive computing may similarly hinge on definitions.", "\u00a7 6. Mathematics consists of synthetic \"a priori\" knowledge. How was it possible for human reason to produce such \"a priori\" knowledge? If we understand the origins of mathematics, we might know the basis of all knowledge that is not derived from experience. \u00a7 7. All mathematical knowledge consists of concepts that are derived from intuitions. These intuitions, however, are not based on experience. \u00a7 8. How is it possible to intuit anything \"a priori\"? How can the intuition of the object occur before the experience of the object? \u00a7 9. My intuition of an object can occur before I experience an object if my intuition contains only the mere form of sensory experience. \u00a7 10. We can intuit things \"a priori\" only through the mere form of sensuous intuition. In so doing, we can only know objects as they appear to us, not as they are in themselves, apart from our sensations. Mathematics is not an analysis of concepts. Mathematical concepts are constructed from a synthesis of intuitions. Geometry is based on the pure intuition of space. The arithmetical concept of number is constructed from the successive addition of units in time. Pure mechanics uses time to construct motion. Space and time are pure \"a priori\" intuitions. They are the mere forms of our sensations and exist in us prior to all of our intuitions of objects. Space and time are \"a priori\" knowledge of a sensed object as it appears to an observer. \u00a7 11. The problem of \"a priori\" intuition is solved. The pure \"a priori\" intuition of space and time is the basis of empirical \"a posteriori\" intuition. Synthetic \"a priori\" mathematical knowledge refers to empirically sensed objects. \" A priori\" intuition relates to the mere form of sensibility; it makes the appearance of objects possible."], "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#1", "question": "what were some of the singles on the album?", "rewrite": "what were some of the singles on the album titled Intuition by Foxx?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2007 brought him the lead role in the action thriller film The Kingdom opposite Chris Cooper, Jason Bateman, Jennifer Garner and Ashraf Barhom. In September 2007, Foxx was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: \"[it was] one of the most amazing days of my life,\" said Foxx. In April 2009, Foxx played the lead role in the dramatic film The Soloist. A few months later in October 2009, he played a starring role alongside Gerard Butler in the thriller Law Abiding Citizen. Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008, featuring Kanye West, T.I., Ne-Yo, Lil' Kim and T-Pain. The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I., was promoted by a video directed by Brett Ratner which featured an appearance by actress Taraji P. Henson. The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain and became a top 5 single on the Billboard Hot 100 and a number-one single on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The \"Blame It\" music video, directed by Hype Williams, features cameo appearances by Forest Whitaker, Samuel L. Jackson, Ron Howard, Quincy Jones and his Jarhead co-star Jake Gyllenhaal, amongst others. Foxx's musical career has also included a number of collaborations. In 2007, he recorded the song \"She Goes All the Way\" with country superstars Rascal Flatts for their Still Feels Good album. Foxx performed backing vocals for artist/songwriter Tank. He featured alongside The-Dream on Plies' \"Please Excuse My Hands.\" He also appeared alongside Fabolous on the remix of Ne-Yo's \"Miss Independent\". Foxx collaborated with rapper The Game on the track \"Around the World\".", "The full studio version was leaked and officially released on June 19, 2009, which features guest appearances from Drake, adding Kanye West and The-Dream on this track. The album debuted at number 3 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 265,000 copies in the first week. The album became one of the \"Billboard\" 200's top ten albums within the first month after it was released. As of May 2010, \"Intuition\" has sold in the United States one million copies, and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). \"Intuition\" received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 56, which indicates \"mixed or average reviews\", based on 6 reviews. Sarah Rodman of \"The Boston Globe\" reviewed the album positively, stating: \" Like many contemporary R&B albums, the cameos sometimes crowd the main attraction, but Foxx is wise enough to intuit when it suits him best to share the spotlight.\" Claire Lobenfeld of \"Vibe Magazine\" had a mixed review for the album, stating: \"What is missing from \"Intuition\" is a balance between the party records and the slow jams. The division displays a lack of cohesiveness that separates the effort from being a great album into just a collection of potential singles.\" Emily Heward of MusicOMH.com, however, was less impressed with the album, commenting: \" [\"Intuition\"<nowiki>'</nowiki >s songs are] lost amidst over-enthusiastic vocal effects\" and that \"it is hard to recognize the soulful voice that landed him his Oscar.\" In May 2009, Foxx announced he was going on tour in the support of his third album \"Intuition\".", "Intuition (Jamie Foxx album) Intuition is the third studio album by American R&B singer Jamie Foxx. It was released on December 16, 2008, by J Records. The album features several guest artists, including T.I., Lil Wayne, Ne-Yo, Kanye West, Fabolous, T-Pain, The-Dream, Lil' Kim and Marsha Ambrosius. The album has reached the top three on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart and number 1 on the Top US R&B/ Hip Hop Albums Charts, which it topped for six consecutive weeks. \"Intuition\", as Foxx describes it, will focus on the needs and wants of the opposite sex. The album's lead single \" Just Like Me\" featuring T.I., was released on August 19, 2008. The song debuted at number 48 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, before it peaked at number 8. It also peaked at number 49 on the \"Billboard\" 100. The remix to Ne-Yo's \"Miss Independent,\" titled \"\" featuring Ne-Yo; along with an American rapper Fabolous, which was released as the album's second single on December 14, 2008. The album's third single \"Blame It\" featuring T-Pain, was released on January 26, 2009. In its first week, \"Just Like Me\", \"Blame It\" and \"She Got Her Own\" were charted on the top-ten in the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at numbers 8, 1, and 2, respectively. While on the Conan O'Brien show, Foxx performed the remix to \"Digital Girl\" featuring Canadian rapper Drake, during the interview with MTV News, as he stated; it will be his fourth single from \"Intuition\".", "Just cash in. \" In another part of the lyrics, she tries to make sense of her own situation on Intuition: \"I'm just a simple girl in a hi-tech digital world... in a world of postmodern fad, what was good now is bad.\" The song's usage in a $70 million advertising campaign for Schick razors was controversial due to the song's message of anti-consumerism. Jewel later noted that the song came about in a \"not ideal way\" and way which was \"the worst of what the music business is\", when her label and her then-management got her involved in the Schick campaign. As part of the deal, Jewel had to write a song titled Intuition which was to serve as her first single from \"0304\", despite Schick remarking at the time that the song's name was a mere coincidence. Jewel felt that the creation process for the song was \"inorganic\" and that it was hard to make the song authentic, but that she didn't feel like \"the song was a sell-out\" and that she is proud of the song. Jewel attributed changes in the music business and an overall decline in music sales for the necessity of commercial product sponsoring to have a music video produced. The song received mostly positive reviews from contemporary music critics. Todd Burns from \"Stylus Magazine\" wrote that the track is \"one of the better singles of the year (2003), Jewel's vamps up the scale demand to be imitated whether lovingly or hatefully. Either way, you're singing along, which is exactly the point.\" The final release of the single saw no alteration from the album version.", "During this time, Walker secured his first placement with \u201cBlame It\u201d on Jamie Foxx\u2019s \"Intuition\" LP. In the midst of working on his mixtapes, Walker began working on the Grammy Award winning song \u201cBlame It\u201d. The idea for the song came about when Walker was on the phone to his grandmother who was complaining about his uncle. \u201cThat\u2019s when the idea of the song came to me,\u201d said Walker, \u201cit was so obvious, it was a cool concept. I started Googling to see if anyone had come up with a song about this, and didn\u2019t find anything, so came up with the hook and the rest just unfolded.\u201d For fourteen weeks, \u201cBlame It\u201d performed by Jamie Foxx featuring T-Pain held the #1 position, and broke national records, replacing Beyonc\u00e9's \u201cSingle Ladies\u201d. It was also awarded ASCAP's Rhythm & Soul Music Award for Best Song. The success of \u201cBlame It\u201d, and the \u201cBlame It\u201d sample on Kid Cudi \u2019s \u201cMake Her Say\u201d, garnered Walker 4 Grammy nominations including: Best Contemporary R&B Album (\"Intuition\", Jamie Foxx), Best R&B Song (\"Blame It\", Jamie Foxx), Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals (\"Blame It\", Jamie Foxx featuring T-Pain) and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (\"Make Her Say\", Kid Cudi featuring Kanye West & Common). Walker continued to chart singles landing another placement, penning, \u201cSay Aah\u201d for R&B artist, Trey Songz\u2019s \"Ready\" LP. \u201cSay Aah\u201d peaked at #3 on the Billboard Charts and reached Gold Status, becoming Songz\u2019s first ever single to do so."], "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I.,", "answer_start": 591}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#2", "question": "who else was featured in the album?", "rewrite": "Who else was featured in the album besides T.I., in the Albums's first single?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As I enjoyed this beautiful view from my cramped seat, I thought of my family in California and reflected on just how different these two worlds are.\" \"  \"Divided by Night\" reached more charts than any other studio album by the band, the \"Billboard\" 200, the \"Top Electronic Albums\", and \"Top Independent Albums\". It is, so far, the only album besides \"Vegas\" which has not reached number one on the \"Top Electronic Albums chart\", it only reached number two. It was beaten by \"The Fame\" by Lady Gaga. It also reached number four on the \"Top Independent Albums chart\", the highest ever reached on that chart by The Crystal Method and only studio album to ever be on that chart (the only other albums by the band to hit that chart were their two mix albums, \"Community Service\" and \"Community Service II\"). It also reached thirty-eighth place on the \"Billboard\" 200 on its opening week. In December 2008, The Crystal Method released the name of their first single from \"Divided by Night\", \"Drown in the Now\". During the same interview, they said that the song would feature reggae rapper Matisyahu, whom they had met earlier. Before playing a show in British Columbia, Matisyahu's tour manager approached The Crystal Method and asked if they would be willing to play a show onstage with him. Matisyahu came by The Crystal Method's trailer and they (The Crystal Method) played the song \"High Roller\", from \"Vegas\" for Matisyahu. Matisyahu thought it was great, and performed a show with The Crystal Method onstage an hour later. This performance can be found on YouTube. After this performance, The Crystal Method knew that they wanted to work with him on their album.", "(the soft swinging of 'The Girl with No Name'). A lot of thought has gone into this album and it's good because of it.\" Author Peter Buckley attempted to evaluate \"Younger Than Yesterday\"s contemporary impact more than 30 years after the fact in his 1999 book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\": \"The album had room for everything from Hugh Masekela's trumpet to droning sitar-like riffs, a brew that may've been too rich for the Byrds' rapidly shrinking teen audience, but was perfectly in tune with a new underground following who disdained hit singles but were coming to regard albums as major artistic statements.\" Although \"Younger Than Yesterday\" was somewhat overlooked by the record-buying public at the time of its release, achieving only moderate chart success as a result, its critical stature has grown substantially over the years. In his 2003 book \"Eight Miles High: Folk-Rock's Flight from Haight-Ashbury to Woodstock\", Richie Unterberger states that \"Younger Than Yesterday\" \"was [the Byrds'] best album besides \"Mr. Tambourine Man\", and more progressive in many ways\". The author goes on to say that the album and its follow-up are \"now revered as two of the great 1960s albums by historians and fans\", while also acknowledging that \"at the time, though, the Byrds were considered by many to be waning.\" Unterberger also praised the album in his review for the AllMusic website, describing it as one of \"the most durable of the Byrds' albums\".", "Cuts Both Ways Cuts Both Ways is the debut solo album by American recording artist Gloria Estefan and final album with Miami Sound Machine, as they would become her backup band for her solo career after its release. Although Estefan's name is on the front cover, the album credits Estefan and Miami Sound Machine (as with the previous album, \"Let It Loose\"). In some Spanish-speaking territories, the album was titled \"Doblemente Herida\". By 1989, Gloria Estefan was one of the most successful female Latin artists in the world. After a decade of being the lead singer of Miami Sound Machine, she had been credited above the group name (Gloria Estefan and Miami Sound Machine) on their 1987 album \" Let It Loose\". With the release of \"Cuts Both Ways\", it was widely believed that Estefan had gone solo, but Miami Sound Machine continued to perform as her backing band in the studio and on tour (however, the only original member of MSM to play on the album besides Estefan was her husband/producer, Emilio). The album contains dance music, Latin rhythms and ballads. It has sold more than 4 million copies outside the US, and reached the top ten on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, also peaking number 1 in the UK and Australia. The first single from the album was \"Don't Wanna Lose You\", which became one of Estefan's biggest hits, reaching number 1 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (her second US number one) and was certified Gold by the RIAA. It also reached the top ten in the Netherlands, Ireland and the UK. Other singles from this album included \"Here We Are\", another big hit for Estefan and one of her signature songs,", "In Japan, \"Fant\u00f4me\" debuted at number one on the Daily Oricon Albums Chart, selling 87,088 units. For its first week on the Weekly Oricon Albums Chart, it entered atop the chart with over 252,581 copies sold; It sold more copies than its competitor of the week, Exile's greatest hits album \"Extreme Best\" (2016). \"Fant\u00f4me\" became her ninth number one album, her first studio album since \"Heart Station\" (2008) to debut at the top position, but also resulted in becoming her lowest first week sales for one of her Japanese-language albums. In its second week, it stayed at number 1 with 103,854 physical units sold, again outselling the nearest competitor by a wide margin. The next week, it stayed at number one, selling 63,207 units, thus becoming her only studio album besides her debut \"First Love\" to chart at the pole position for more than two weeks, and then further extending this feat by one more week. Likewise, \"Fant\u00f4me\" debuted at the top spot on the Japan Hot Albums and the Top Albums Sales charts, both hosted by \"Billboard Japan\". Alongside this, Utada's digital single \"Michi\" placed atop of the Radio Songs chart during the week of October 10, 2016. On November 9, 2016, Oricon revealed its new weekly Digital Albums Chart. \" Fant\u00f4me\" ranked at number one on the chart, selling 6,537 digital downloads. It topped the chart a second week, shifting an additional 3,993 downloads. According to Billboard Japan, \"Fant\u00f4me\" was the best-selling digital album of the year, as well as the third-best-selling physical album, according to Oricon. Overall, it thus became the top-selling album of the year in Japan.", "Post Historic Monsters Post Historic Monsters is the fourth album by Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine. It reached #5 on the UK Charts becoming the band's second highest album after \"1992 - The Love Album\" which reached #1. The album featured two singles \"Lean On Me I Won't Fall Over\", which reached number 16 on the UK charts, and \"Lenny And Terence,\" which reached number 40. The band recorded the album with co-producer and engineer Simon Painter and worked in a much more spontaneous approach than before, to an extent that even saw the band crafting songs from accidental pieces. The album shows the band working in new styles in attempt to \"prove themselves\" after the critical disdain that the band had started to pick up in late 1992. There are numerous other musical styles explored on the album besides the band's usual drum machine-based punk rock, and some of Jim Bob's lyrics had started to become more personal, sitting alongside tracks which are more traditionally politically or socially based. The album was a critical success, with critics complimenting the new approaches that the band had undertaken. In their lists of the top 50 albums of the year, \"NME\" named it 22nd whilst \"Select\" named it 46th. The band played the entire album live for the first time in Kentish Town in November 2009. Cater the Unstoppable Sex Machine reached their commercial peak with \"1992 \u2013 The Love Album\", which debuted at number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in May 1992. The album was released to critical acclaim, and was named the 32nd best album of 1992 by \"NME\" at the end of the year. Nonetheless, the band \"fell from grace\" after the album's release, and the album's third single \"The Impossible Dream\" was a critically panned flop."], "answer": {"text": "The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain", "answer_start": 755}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I.,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#3", "question": "was the album a hit on the charts?", "rewrite": "Was the album, Intuition a hit on the charts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Logical intuition  Logical Intuition, or mathematical intuition or rational intuition, is the ability to perceive logical or mathematical truth. Humans apply logical intuition in proving mathematical theorems, validating logical arguments, developing algorithms and heuristics, and in related contexts. The ability to recognize logical or mathematical truth may vary from person to person and could be subject to cultivation in students. The ability may not be realizable in a computer program by means other than genetic programming or evolutionary programming. Plato and Aristotle considered intuition a means for perceiving ideas, significant enough that for Aristotle, intuition comprised the only means of knowing principles that are not subject to argument. Henri Poincar\u00e9 distinguished logical intuition from other forms of intuition. In his book The Value of Science he points out: The passage goes on to assign two roles to logical intuition: to permit one to choose which route to follow in search of scientific truth, and to allow one to comprehend logical developments. Bertrand Russell, though critical of intuitive mysticism, pointed out that the degree to which a truth is self-evident according to logical intuition can vary, from one situation to another, and stated that some self-evident truths are practically infallible: Kurt G\u00f6del demonstrated based on his incompleteness theorems that intuition-based propositional calculus cannot be finitely valued. G\u00f6del likened logical intuition to sense perception and considered the mathematical constructs that humans perceive to have an independent existence of their own. The human mind's ability to sense such abstract constructs may not be finitely describable. Dissent regarding the value of intuition in a logical or mathematical context may often hinge on the breadth of the definition of intuition. Dissent regarding the implications of logical intuition in the fields of artificial intelligence and cognitive computing may similarly hinge on definitions.", "\u00a7 6. Mathematics consists of synthetic \"a priori\" knowledge. How was it possible for human reason to produce such \"a priori\" knowledge? If we understand the origins of mathematics, we might know the basis of all knowledge that is not derived from experience. \u00a7 7. All mathematical knowledge consists of concepts that are derived from intuitions. These intuitions, however, are not based on experience. \u00a7 8. How is it possible to intuit anything \"a priori\"? How can the intuition of the object occur before the experience of the object? \u00a7 9. My intuition of an object can occur before I experience an object if my intuition contains only the mere form of sensory experience. \u00a7 10. We can intuit things \"a priori\" only through the mere form of sensuous intuition. In so doing, we can only know objects as they appear to us, not as they are in themselves, apart from our sensations. Mathematics is not an analysis of concepts. Mathematical concepts are constructed from a synthesis of intuitions. Geometry is based on the pure intuition of space. The arithmetical concept of number is constructed from the successive addition of units in time. Pure mechanics uses time to construct motion. Space and time are pure \"a priori\" intuitions. They are the mere forms of our sensations and exist in us prior to all of our intuitions of objects. Space and time are \"a priori\" knowledge of a sensed object as it appears to an observer. \u00a7 11. The problem of \"a priori\" intuition is solved. The pure \"a priori\" intuition of space and time is the basis of empirical \"a posteriori\" intuition. Synthetic \"a priori\" mathematical knowledge refers to empirically sensed objects. \" A priori\" intuition relates to the mere form of sensibility; it makes the appearance of objects possible.", "Intuition and decision-making  Intuition in the context of decision-making is defined as a \u201cnon-sequential information-processing mode.\u201d It is distinct from insight (a much more protracted process) and can be contrasted with the deliberative style of decision-making. Intuition can influence judgment through either emotion or cognition, and there has been some suggestion that it may be a means of bridging the two. Individuals use intuition and more deliberative decision-making styles interchangeably, but there has been some evidence that people tend to gravitate to one or the other style more naturally. People in a good mood gravitate toward intuitive styles, while people in a bad mood tend to become more deliberative. The specific ways in which intuition actually influences decisions remain poorly understood. Snap judgments made possible by heuristics are sometimes identified as intuition. Intuitive decision-making can be described as the process by which information acquired through associated learning and stored in long-term memory is accessed unconsciously to form the basis of a judgment or decision. This information can be transferred through affect induced by exposure to available options, or through unconscious cognition. Intuition is based on the implicit knowledge available to the decision-maker. For example, owning a dog as a child imbues someone with implicit knowledge about canine behavior, which may then be channeled into a decision-making process as the emotion of fear or anxiety before taking a certain kind of action around an angry dog. Intuition is the mechanism by which this implicit knowledge is brought to the forefront of the decision-making process. Some definitions of intuition in the context of decision-making point to the importance of recognizing cues and patterns in one\u2019s environment and then using them to improve one\u2019s problem solving.", "Intuition (Amiga) Intuition is the native windowing system and user interface (UI) engine of AmigaOS. It was developed almost entirely by RJ Mical. Intuition should not be confused with Workbench, the AmigaOS spatial file manager, which relies on Intuition for handling windows and input events. Intuition is the internal widget and graphics system. It is not implemented primarily as an application-managed graphics library (as most systems, following Xerox's design, have done), but rather as a separate task that maintains the state of all the standard UI elements independently from the application. This makes it responsive because UI gadgets are live even when the application is busy. The Intuition task is driven by user events through the mouse, keyboard, and other input devices. It also arbitrates collisions of the mouse pointer and icons and control of \"animated icons\". Like most GUIs of the day, Amiga's Intuition followed Xerox's lead anteceding solutions, but pragmatically, a command line interface was also included and it extended the functionality of the platform. Later releases added more improvements, like support for high-color Workbench screens and 3D aspect. Replacement desktop file managers were also made available, such as Directory Opus Magellan and Scalos interface. Initial releases used blue, orange, white and black palettes. This was intentional \u2013 in a time before cheap high-quality video monitors, Commodore tested output on the worst televisions they could find, with the goal of obtaining the best possible contrast under these worst-case conditions. Due to the limitations of Intuition's basic widget set, developers adopted other third-party GUI toolkits, such as Magic User Interface (MUI), and ReAction.", "Some studies suggest that the mood with which the subject enters the decision-making process can also affect the style they choose to employ: sad people tend to be more deliberative, while people in a happy mood rely more on intuition. The Preference for Intuition and Deliberation Scale developed by Coralie Bestch in 2004 measures propensity toward intuitiveness. The scale defines preference for intuition as tendency to use affect (\u201cgut-feel\u201d) as a basis for decision-making instead of cognition. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is also sometimes used. Researchers have also explored the efficacy of intuitive judgments and the debate on the function of intuition versus analysis in decisions that require specific expertise, as in management of organizations. In this context, intuition is interpreted as an \u201cunconscious expertise\u201d rather than a traditionally purely heuristic response. Research suggests that this kind of intuition is based on a \u201cbroad constellation of past experiences, knowledge, skills, perceptions and feelings.\u201d The efficacy of intuitive decision-making in the management environment is largely dependent on the decision context and decision maker\u2019s expertise. The expertise-based intuition increases over time when the employee gets more experience regarding the organization worked for and by gathering domain-specific knowledge. In this context the so-called intuition is not just series of random guesses, but rather a process of combining expertise and know-how with the employee\u2019s instincts. Intuitions can, however be difficult to prove to be right in terms of decision-making. It is in most situations likely, that decisions based on intuition are harder to justify than those that are based in rational analysis. Especially in the context of business and organizational decision-making, one should be able to justify their decisions, thus making them purely intuitively is often not possible. It is debated upon whether intuition is accurate, but evidence has been shown that under aforementioned conditions it can."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I.,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else was featured in the album?", "answer": {"text": "The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#4", "question": "what else did Foxx do in 2007?", "rewrite": "Other than the Album Intuition, what did Foxx do in 2007?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Intuition (Jamie Foxx album) Intuition is the third studio album by American R&B singer Jamie Foxx. It was released on December 16, 2008, by J Records. The album features several guest artists, including T.I., Lil Wayne, Ne-Yo, Kanye West, Fabolous, T-Pain, The-Dream, Lil' Kim and Marsha Ambrosius. The album has reached the top three on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart and number 1 on the Top US R&B/ Hip Hop Albums Charts, which it topped for six consecutive weeks. \"Intuition\", as Foxx describes it, will focus on the needs and wants of the opposite sex. The album's lead single \" Just Like Me\" featuring T.I., was released on August 19, 2008. The song debuted at number 48 on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, before it peaked at number 8. It also peaked at number 49 on the \"Billboard\" 100. The remix to Ne-Yo's \"Miss Independent,\" titled \"\" featuring Ne-Yo; along with an American rapper Fabolous, which was released as the album's second single on December 14, 2008. The album's third single \"Blame It\" featuring T-Pain, was released on January 26, 2009. In its first week, \"Just Like Me\", \"Blame It\" and \"She Got Her Own\" were charted on the top-ten in the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at numbers 8, 1, and 2, respectively. While on the Conan O'Brien show, Foxx performed the remix to \"Digital Girl\" featuring Canadian rapper Drake, during the interview with MTV News, as he stated; it will be his fourth single from \"Intuition\".", "Deshon Foxx Deshon Foxx (born November 27, 1992) is a former American football wide receiver who is currently the wide receivers and tight ends coach at Washington and Lee University. He played college football at Connecticut. Foxx attended Brookville High School in Lynchburg, Virginia where he graduated in 2011. Foxx signed his letter of intent to play for Connecticut on February 2, 2011. Foxx played all four years for the Huskies, playing in 36 games over that span. On May 18, 2015 Foxx was signed by the Seattle Seahawks after a three-day rookie mini-camp. On August 13, 2015, the Seahawks waived Foxx to make room for Alex Singleton. On August 24, 2015 Foxx was re-signed by the Seahawks to replace Jeremy Crayton who had just been waived. On August 31, 2015, Foxx was waived as the Seahawks cut their roster to 75 players. On December 1, 2015 Foxx was signed by the Seahawks to their practice squad. On December 8, 2015 Foxx was waived from the practice squad. On December 22, 2015, the Seahawks re-signed Foxx to their practice squad. On January 18, 2016 Foxx was signed to a futures contract by the Seahawks. On August 29, 2016, Foxx was waived/injured by the Seahawks and placed on injured reserve after clearing waivers. He was released by the Seahawks on September 6, 2016 with an injury settlement. On January 11, 2017, Foxx signed a reserve/future contract with the Jets. He was waived by the Jets on May 9, 2017. He was re-signed by the Jets on May 22, 2017. He was waived on August 14, 2017. As of fall of 2018, Foxx is the wide receivers coach for the Loomis Chaffee varsity football team, a prep school in Windsor, Connecticut.", "During this time, Walker secured his first placement with \u201cBlame It\u201d on Jamie Foxx\u2019s \"Intuition\" LP. In the midst of working on his mixtapes, Walker began working on the Grammy Award winning song \u201cBlame It\u201d. The idea for the song came about when Walker was on the phone to his grandmother who was complaining about his uncle. \u201cThat\u2019s when the idea of the song came to me,\u201d said Walker, \u201cit was so obvious, it was a cool concept. I started Googling to see if anyone had come up with a song about this, and didn\u2019t find anything, so came up with the hook and the rest just unfolded.\u201d For fourteen weeks, \u201cBlame It\u201d performed by Jamie Foxx featuring T-Pain held the #1 position, and broke national records, replacing Beyonc\u00e9's \u201cSingle Ladies\u201d. It was also awarded ASCAP's Rhythm & Soul Music Award for Best Song. The success of \u201cBlame It\u201d, and the \u201cBlame It\u201d sample on Kid Cudi \u2019s \u201cMake Her Say\u201d, garnered Walker 4 Grammy nominations including: Best Contemporary R&B Album (\"Intuition\", Jamie Foxx), Best R&B Song (\"Blame It\", Jamie Foxx), Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals (\"Blame It\", Jamie Foxx featuring T-Pain) and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (\"Make Her Say\", Kid Cudi featuring Kanye West & Common). Walker continued to chart singles landing another placement, penning, \u201cSay Aah\u201d for R&B artist, Trey Songz\u2019s \"Ready\" LP. \u201cSay Aah\u201d peaked at #3 on the Billboard Charts and reached Gold Status, becoming Songz\u2019s first ever single to do so.", "2007 brought him the lead role in the action thriller film The Kingdom opposite Chris Cooper, Jason Bateman, Jennifer Garner and Ashraf Barhom. In September 2007, Foxx was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: \"[it was] one of the most amazing days of my life,\" said Foxx. In April 2009, Foxx played the lead role in the dramatic film The Soloist. A few months later in October 2009, he played a starring role alongside Gerard Butler in the thriller Law Abiding Citizen. Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008, featuring Kanye West, T.I., Ne-Yo, Lil' Kim and T-Pain. The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I., was promoted by a video directed by Brett Ratner which featured an appearance by actress Taraji P. Henson. The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain and became a top 5 single on the Billboard Hot 100 and a number-one single on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The \"Blame It\" music video, directed by Hype Williams, features cameo appearances by Forest Whitaker, Samuel L. Jackson, Ron Howard, Quincy Jones and his Jarhead co-star Jake Gyllenhaal, amongst others. Foxx's musical career has also included a number of collaborations. In 2007, he recorded the song \"She Goes All the Way\" with country superstars Rascal Flatts for their Still Feels Good album. Foxx performed backing vocals for artist/songwriter Tank. He featured alongside The-Dream on Plies' \"Please Excuse My Hands.\" He also appeared alongside Fabolous on the remix of Ne-Yo's \"Miss Independent\". Foxx collaborated with rapper The Game on the track \"Around the World\".", "The full studio version was leaked and officially released on June 19, 2009, which features guest appearances from Drake, adding Kanye West and The-Dream on this track. The album debuted at number 3 on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 265,000 copies in the first week. The album became one of the \"Billboard\" 200's top ten albums within the first month after it was released. As of May 2010, \"Intuition\" has sold in the United States one million copies, and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). \"Intuition\" received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 56, which indicates \"mixed or average reviews\", based on 6 reviews. Sarah Rodman of \"The Boston Globe\" reviewed the album positively, stating: \" Like many contemporary R&B albums, the cameos sometimes crowd the main attraction, but Foxx is wise enough to intuit when it suits him best to share the spotlight.\" Claire Lobenfeld of \"Vibe Magazine\" had a mixed review for the album, stating: \"What is missing from \"Intuition\" is a balance between the party records and the slow jams. The division displays a lack of cohesiveness that separates the effort from being a great album into just a collection of potential singles.\" Emily Heward of MusicOMH.com, however, was less impressed with the album, commenting: \" [\"Intuition\"<nowiki>'</nowiki >s songs are] lost amidst over-enthusiastic vocal effects\" and that \"it is hard to recognize the soulful voice that landed him his Oscar.\" In May 2009, Foxx announced he was going on tour in the support of his third album \"Intuition\"."], "answer": {"text": "2007 brought him the lead role in the action thriller film The Kingdom", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I.,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else was featured in the album?", "answer": {"text": "The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album a hit on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#5", "question": "Who did he co-star with in The Kingdom?", "rewrite": "Who did Foxx co-star with in The Kingdom in 2007?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2010, Foxx voted against the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act. In 2019, Foxx strongly opposed the Equality Act, a bill that would expand the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, and urged Congress members to vote against it. When commenting on the House version of the reform bill that funds counseling for end-of-life issues, Foxx said, \"Republicans have a better solution that won't put the government in charge of people's health care,\" and \"(The plan) is pro-life because it will not put seniors in a position of being put to death by their government.\" She later said that \"we have more to fear from the potential of the Affordable Health Care for America Act passing than we do from any terrorist right now in any country.\" Foxx has been a member of the Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans since 2005. Her former son-in-law is a Turkish businessman, Mustafa \u00d6zdemir. In January 2013, Foxx co-sponsored legislation that would stop children born in the United States to undocumented parents from gaining citizenship. Foxx opposes abortion. She voted in support of a bill to repeal a rule requiring state and local governments to distribute federal funds to qualified health centers, even if they perform abortions. WXII 12's Bill O'Neil interviewed Foxx in 2014, asking her if she has any exceptions regarding when an abortion was acceptable. She replied that, even in the case of rape, incest, or the health of the mother, an exception should not be made to justify abortion.", "King Foxx King Foxx, also known as King Foxx: Rule By Decree, is the third mixtape released by American rapper Tiffany Foxx. It was released on June 16, 2014 through the record label International Rock Star. \" King Foxx\" is a Southern hip hop and trap mixtape. The lead single \"Young N Thuggin\", featuring Pusha T, Young Thug, and Chubbie Baby, was released on March 10, 2014. Foxx promoted \"FuckUThought\" and \"Bet It\" through music videos. In a 2015 interview, Foxx announced plans for a reissue entitled \"King Foxx: Extra Clip\". Reception of \"King Foxx\" was positive. Some critics have compared Foxx's rapping style to other artists. Tiffany Foxx said that \"King Foxx\" represented her \"ratchet side\" and her \"lyric side\", along with \"the passionate side of [herself] and the very creative, different side\". She described the mixtape as trap music. When explaining its title, Foxx identified herself as a king due to her understanding of the word meaning \"the highest supreme being\". Saying that female rappers receive little respect, she wanted to use the title \"king\" to place herself on a similar platform with men. \"King Foxx\" is a Southern hip hop and trap mixtape that consists of thirteen songs. Writing for \"Pitchfork\", Meaghan Garvey associated the features and production with Southern hip hop, and Wesley Case referred to the tracks as built on \"Southern trap and swag-rap beats\". Twelve rappers provide features, and DJ Scream acts as its host by providing \"staccato flows\" and \"trap beats\". Discussing the songs, Foxx said that she wanted to be \"more lyrical\" and discuss women's issues.", "Foxx also featured on T.I. 's single \"Live in the Sky\" from the album King. On January 22, 2007, Foxx launched The Foxxhole, a channel on Sirius Satellite Radio featuring talk-radio programs, stand-up comedy albums and music primarily by African-American performers, as well as much of Foxx's own material. Foxx's own talk-radio variety program The Jamie Foxx Show airs Friday evenings on The Foxxhole with guests including musicians, actors and fellow comedians; co-hosts have included Johnny Mack, Speedy, Claudia Jordan, The Poetess, Lewis Dix, Yvette Wilson, T.D.P and Tyrin Turner. On the April 17, 2009 episode of The Jamie Foxx Show, Foxx and his co-hosts made several sexually suggestive and disparaging jokes regarding the teenage singer Miley Cyrus. Several days later Foxx issued a public apology on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in response to growing public outcry and televised criticism by Cyrus's father, country singer Billy Ray Cyrus. On April 6, 2009, Foxx, a longtime fan of country music, performed the George Strait song \"You Look So Good in Love\" at the George Strait Artist of the Decade All-Star Concert. Jamie Foxx hosted the 2009 BET Awards ceremony on June 28, 2009, which featured several tributes to pop star Michael Jackson, who had died three days prior to the show. As well as performing \"Blame It\" with T-Pain and \"She Got Her Own\" with Ne-Yo and Fabolous, Foxx opened the show with a rendition of Jackson's \"Beat It\" dance routine and closed the show with a cover of The Jackson 5's \"I'll Be There\" with Ne-Yo. \"We want to celebrate this black man.", "Nina Foxx Nina Foxx is an American author, playwright and filmmaker. She has authored several novels, co-authored one text on writing, and her work has been anthologized multiple times. She has also penned two stage plays that include original music with collaborator John Forbes. Foxx writes under several names including: Nina Foxx and Cynnamon Foster. Foxx has lived in Austin, Texas. Foxx is originally from Queens, New York. She graduated from Hunter College (BA Psychology), Baruch College (MS, I/O, Psychology), City University of New York (Ph.D. I/ O Psychology) and holds an MFA in Creative Writing (fiction) from Farleigh Dickinson University. Prior to becoming a writer, Foxx worked for Dell. She authored several industrial design patents and has taught Applied Psychology at several universities. Foxx speaks about the writing life and blending the arts and technology to groups and schools all over the United States as part of various STEM efforts with groups such as The Links, Inc and code.org. Foxx is a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority, The Links, Inc. and Jack and Jill of America. Foxx co-directed \"Marrying Up\", which was based on her book of the same name. In addition to this film work, Foxx is Executive Producer of the feature film \"Magic Valley'\", which was an official selection of the 2011 TriBeCa Film Festival. Foxx was nominated for an award in Outstanding Literary Work in Fiction by the NAACP Image Awards in 2014. As Cynnamon Foster", "According to \"XXL\", the song had made \"an impact online\" and was setting Foxx on \"the right path to becoming a household name\". Music videos for \"FuckUThought\" and \"Bet It\" were released on YouTube and Foxx's official website, respectively, and the audio for \"Don't Trust Em\" was uploaded on YouTube on May 8, 2014. In a 2015 interview, Foxx discussed plans to reissue \"King Foxx\" under the new title \"King Foxx: Extra Clip\". According to Foxx, the rerelease would feature new songs, and would be her method of \"bring[ing] back awareness\" to herself. \"King Foxx\" received positive feedback from critics. Diep praised the mixtape as showcasing Foxx's versatility, and \"Ebony\"'s Nadeska Alexis wrote it proved the rapper was \"a truly talented lyricist and showman\". Citing \"Cdis\" as a highlight, Goble described \"King Foxx\" as Foxx's \"most notable [and] cohesive\" release in her career. In a positive review, Case said: \"Tiffany's mic skills and welcome female perspective invigorate this tape.\" Despite praising Foxx as having \"the flow, beat selection and lyrics to be taken serious\", Fresh criticized the final tracks; specifically, \" Buy Her What She Want\" and \"Don't Trust Em\". Despite his criticisms, Fresh summed up \"King Foxx\" as \"a good listen\" from a \"rising rapper\". Critics compared Foxx's performance to other artists. Diep felt that her \"animated and fluid flow\" throughout the mixtape was similar to Lil' Kim, who mentored Foxx. In 2012, she was the first artist signed with Lil' Kim's label, International Rock Star."], "answer": {"text": "Chris Cooper, Jason Bateman, Jennifer Garner and Ashraf Barhom.", "answer_start": 80}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I.,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else was featured in the album?", "answer": {"text": "The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album a hit on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did Foxx do in 2007?", "answer": {"text": "2007 brought him the lead role in the action thriller film The Kingdom", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#6", "question": "Has he received any awards for movies?", "rewrite": "Did Foxx receive any awards for his movies such  as The Kingdom?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmie Foxx James Emory Foxx (October 22, 1907 \u2013 July 21, 1967), nicknamed \"Double X\" and \"The Beast\", was an American professional baseball first baseman who played 20 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Athletics, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, and Philadelphia Phillies. His most productive years were with the Philadelphia Athletics and the Boston Red Sox, where he hit 30 or more home runs in 12 consecutive seasons and drove in more than 100 runs in 13 consecutive years. Foxx became the second player in MLB history to hit 500 career home runs, after Babe Ruth. Attaining that plateau at age 32 years 336 days, he held the record for youngest to reach 500 for sixty-eight years, until superseded by Alex Rodriguez in 2007. His three career Most Valuable Player awards are tied for second all-time. Foxx was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1951. Foxx was born in Sudlersville, Maryland, on October 22, 1907, to Dell and Mattie Foxx, who were farmers. Dell Foxx had played baseball for a town team when he was younger. Jimmie Foxx did well in school but excelled in sports, particularly soccer, track, and baseball. He played all three sports at Sudlersville High School. Foxx dropped out of high school early to join a minor league team managed by former Philadelphia Athletics great Frank \"Home Run\" Baker. Foxx had hoped to pitch or play third base, but since the team was short on catchers, Foxx moved behind the plate. He immediately drew interest from the Athletics and New York Yankees. Foxx signed with the A's and made his major league debut in May 1925 at age 17. He was still in his junior year of high school at the time.", "King Foxx King Foxx, also known as King Foxx: Rule By Decree, is the third mixtape released by American rapper Tiffany Foxx. It was released on June 16, 2014 through the record label International Rock Star. \" King Foxx\" is a Southern hip hop and trap mixtape. The lead single \"Young N Thuggin\", featuring Pusha T, Young Thug, and Chubbie Baby, was released on March 10, 2014. Foxx promoted \"FuckUThought\" and \"Bet It\" through music videos. In a 2015 interview, Foxx announced plans for a reissue entitled \"King Foxx: Extra Clip\". Reception of \"King Foxx\" was positive. Some critics have compared Foxx's rapping style to other artists. Tiffany Foxx said that \"King Foxx\" represented her \"ratchet side\" and her \"lyric side\", along with \"the passionate side of [herself] and the very creative, different side\". She described the mixtape as trap music. When explaining its title, Foxx identified herself as a king due to her understanding of the word meaning \"the highest supreme being\". Saying that female rappers receive little respect, she wanted to use the title \"king\" to place herself on a similar platform with men. \"King Foxx\" is a Southern hip hop and trap mixtape that consists of thirteen songs. Writing for \"Pitchfork\", Meaghan Garvey associated the features and production with Southern hip hop, and Wesley Case referred to the tracks as built on \"Southern trap and swag-rap beats\". Twelve rappers provide features, and DJ Scream acts as its host by providing \"staccato flows\" and \"trap beats\". Discussing the songs, Foxx said that she wanted to be \"more lyrical\" and discuss women's issues.", "Tiffany Foxx Tiffany Harrison, known professionally as Tiffany Foxx, (born November 27, 1985) is an American recording artist. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Foxx first garnered recognition in 2005 after appearing on Snoop Dogg's compilation album \"\". In 2010, she formed a hip-hop group \"June 5th\". They released the mixtape \"HERstory\" before Foxx decided to pursue her solo career. In 2012, rapper Lil' Kim signed Foxx to her record label International Rock Star Records. Since then she has released three mixtapes, \"Yellow Tape\", \"Goal Diggers\" and \"King Foxx\". She also appeared in the fourth season of the VH1 reality show \"\". In 2017, Foxx appeared on Season 2 Episode 7 of WE TV dating show Million Dollar Matchmaker with Patti Stanger. \"June 5\" was a female rap group from St. Louis, Missouri formed in 2009 signed under Mizay Entertainment that included (in addition to Foxx) such as Scar Ladon, and Brooke Holladay. The group came about when all three girls met on June 5, 2009. Foxx stated \u201cWhen we first came together we met because we were all in the business, So we joined forces on June 5th and became the group June 5th.\u201d On March 24, 2010, June 5 released their first mixtape called, \"HERstory\". In 2012, rapper Lil' Kim signed Foxx to her label, International Rock Star Records. Together, the two have released two songs, \"Twisted\" and \"Jay-Z,\" both of which have accompanying music videos. In the music video for \"Twisted\", Miley Cyrus supported her friends Lil' Kim and Foxx by appearing in the music video. On October 15, 2013, Foxx appeared on the BET Hip Hop Awards BET cypher.", "According to \"XXL\", the song had made \"an impact online\" and was setting Foxx on \"the right path to becoming a household name\". Music videos for \"FuckUThought\" and \"Bet It\" were released on YouTube and Foxx's official website, respectively, and the audio for \"Don't Trust Em\" was uploaded on YouTube on May 8, 2014. In a 2015 interview, Foxx discussed plans to reissue \"King Foxx\" under the new title \"King Foxx: Extra Clip\". According to Foxx, the rerelease would feature new songs, and would be her method of \"bring[ing] back awareness\" to herself. \"King Foxx\" received positive feedback from critics. Diep praised the mixtape as showcasing Foxx's versatility, and \"Ebony\"'s Nadeska Alexis wrote it proved the rapper was \"a truly talented lyricist and showman\". Citing \"Cdis\" as a highlight, Goble described \"King Foxx\" as Foxx's \"most notable [and] cohesive\" release in her career. In a positive review, Case said: \"Tiffany's mic skills and welcome female perspective invigorate this tape.\" Despite praising Foxx as having \"the flow, beat selection and lyrics to be taken serious\", Fresh criticized the final tracks; specifically, \" Buy Her What She Want\" and \"Don't Trust Em\". Despite his criticisms, Fresh summed up \"King Foxx\" as \"a good listen\" from a \"rising rapper\". Critics compared Foxx's performance to other artists. Diep felt that her \"animated and fluid flow\" throughout the mixtape was similar to Lil' Kim, who mentored Foxx. In 2012, she was the first artist signed with Lil' Kim's label, International Rock Star.", "Deshon Foxx Deshon Foxx (born November 27, 1992) is a former American football wide receiver who is currently the wide receivers and tight ends coach at Washington and Lee University. He played college football at Connecticut. Foxx attended Brookville High School in Lynchburg, Virginia where he graduated in 2011. Foxx signed his letter of intent to play for Connecticut on February 2, 2011. Foxx played all four years for the Huskies, playing in 36 games over that span. On May 18, 2015 Foxx was signed by the Seattle Seahawks after a three-day rookie mini-camp. On August 13, 2015, the Seahawks waived Foxx to make room for Alex Singleton. On August 24, 2015 Foxx was re-signed by the Seahawks to replace Jeremy Crayton who had just been waived. On August 31, 2015, Foxx was waived as the Seahawks cut their roster to 75 players. On December 1, 2015 Foxx was signed by the Seahawks to their practice squad. On December 8, 2015 Foxx was waived from the practice squad. On December 22, 2015, the Seahawks re-signed Foxx to their practice squad. On January 18, 2016 Foxx was signed to a futures contract by the Seahawks. On August 29, 2016, Foxx was waived/injured by the Seahawks and placed on injured reserve after clearing waivers. He was released by the Seahawks on September 6, 2016 with an injury settlement. On January 11, 2017, Foxx signed a reserve/future contract with the Jets. He was waived by the Jets on May 9, 2017. He was re-signed by the Jets on May 22, 2017. He was waived on August 14, 2017. As of fall of 2018, Foxx is the wide receivers coach for the Loomis Chaffee varsity football team, a prep school in Windsor, Connecticut."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I.,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else was featured in the album?", "answer": {"text": "The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album a hit on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did Foxx do in 2007?", "answer": {"text": "2007 brought him the lead role in the action thriller film The Kingdom", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he co-star with in The Kingdom?", "answer": {"text": "Chris Cooper, Jason Bateman, Jennifer Garner and Ashraf Barhom.", "answer_start": 80, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af92ea85dad94520ad07099f01a6909f_0_q#7", "question": "Did he receive any awards between 2007 - 2009?", "rewrite": "Did Foxx receive any awards for his albums or movies between 2007 - 2009?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Foxx also featured on T.I. 's single \"Live in the Sky\" from the album King. On January 22, 2007, Foxx launched The Foxxhole, a channel on Sirius Satellite Radio featuring talk-radio programs, stand-up comedy albums and music primarily by African-American performers, as well as much of Foxx's own material. Foxx's own talk-radio variety program The Jamie Foxx Show airs Friday evenings on The Foxxhole with guests including musicians, actors and fellow comedians; co-hosts have included Johnny Mack, Speedy, Claudia Jordan, The Poetess, Lewis Dix, Yvette Wilson, T.D.P and Tyrin Turner. On the April 17, 2009 episode of The Jamie Foxx Show, Foxx and his co-hosts made several sexually suggestive and disparaging jokes regarding the teenage singer Miley Cyrus. Several days later Foxx issued a public apology on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in response to growing public outcry and televised criticism by Cyrus's father, country singer Billy Ray Cyrus. On April 6, 2009, Foxx, a longtime fan of country music, performed the George Strait song \"You Look So Good in Love\" at the George Strait Artist of the Decade All-Star Concert. Jamie Foxx hosted the 2009 BET Awards ceremony on June 28, 2009, which featured several tributes to pop star Michael Jackson, who had died three days prior to the show. As well as performing \"Blame It\" with T-Pain and \"She Got Her Own\" with Ne-Yo and Fabolous, Foxx opened the show with a rendition of Jackson's \"Beat It\" dance routine and closed the show with a cover of The Jackson 5's \"I'll Be There\" with Ne-Yo. \"We want to celebrate this black man.", "Tiffany Foxx Tiffany Harrison, known professionally as Tiffany Foxx, (born November 27, 1985) is an American recording artist. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Foxx first garnered recognition in 2005 after appearing on Snoop Dogg's compilation album \"\". In 2010, she formed a hip-hop group \"June 5th\". They released the mixtape \"HERstory\" before Foxx decided to pursue her solo career. In 2012, rapper Lil' Kim signed Foxx to her record label International Rock Star Records. Since then she has released three mixtapes, \"Yellow Tape\", \"Goal Diggers\" and \"King Foxx\". She also appeared in the fourth season of the VH1 reality show \"\". In 2017, Foxx appeared on Season 2 Episode 7 of WE TV dating show Million Dollar Matchmaker with Patti Stanger. \"June 5\" was a female rap group from St. Louis, Missouri formed in 2009 signed under Mizay Entertainment that included (in addition to Foxx) such as Scar Ladon, and Brooke Holladay. The group came about when all three girls met on June 5, 2009. Foxx stated \u201cWhen we first came together we met because we were all in the business, So we joined forces on June 5th and became the group June 5th.\u201d On March 24, 2010, June 5 released their first mixtape called, \"HERstory\". In 2012, rapper Lil' Kim signed Foxx to her label, International Rock Star Records. Together, the two have released two songs, \"Twisted\" and \"Jay-Z,\" both of which have accompanying music videos. In the music video for \"Twisted\", Miley Cyrus supported her friends Lil' Kim and Foxx by appearing in the music video. On October 15, 2013, Foxx appeared on the BET Hip Hop Awards BET cypher.", "King Foxx King Foxx, also known as King Foxx: Rule By Decree, is the third mixtape released by American rapper Tiffany Foxx. It was released on June 16, 2014 through the record label International Rock Star. \" King Foxx\" is a Southern hip hop and trap mixtape. The lead single \"Young N Thuggin\", featuring Pusha T, Young Thug, and Chubbie Baby, was released on March 10, 2014. Foxx promoted \"FuckUThought\" and \"Bet It\" through music videos. In a 2015 interview, Foxx announced plans for a reissue entitled \"King Foxx: Extra Clip\". Reception of \"King Foxx\" was positive. Some critics have compared Foxx's rapping style to other artists. Tiffany Foxx said that \"King Foxx\" represented her \"ratchet side\" and her \"lyric side\", along with \"the passionate side of [herself] and the very creative, different side\". She described the mixtape as trap music. When explaining its title, Foxx identified herself as a king due to her understanding of the word meaning \"the highest supreme being\". Saying that female rappers receive little respect, she wanted to use the title \"king\" to place herself on a similar platform with men. \"King Foxx\" is a Southern hip hop and trap mixtape that consists of thirteen songs. Writing for \"Pitchfork\", Meaghan Garvey associated the features and production with Southern hip hop, and Wesley Case referred to the tracks as built on \"Southern trap and swag-rap beats\". Twelve rappers provide features, and DJ Scream acts as its host by providing \"staccato flows\" and \"trap beats\". Discussing the songs, Foxx said that she wanted to be \"more lyrical\" and discuss women's issues.", "Deshon Foxx Deshon Foxx (born November 27, 1992) is a former American football wide receiver who is currently the wide receivers and tight ends coach at Washington and Lee University. He played college football at Connecticut. Foxx attended Brookville High School in Lynchburg, Virginia where he graduated in 2011. Foxx signed his letter of intent to play for Connecticut on February 2, 2011. Foxx played all four years for the Huskies, playing in 36 games over that span. On May 18, 2015 Foxx was signed by the Seattle Seahawks after a three-day rookie mini-camp. On August 13, 2015, the Seahawks waived Foxx to make room for Alex Singleton. On August 24, 2015 Foxx was re-signed by the Seahawks to replace Jeremy Crayton who had just been waived. On August 31, 2015, Foxx was waived as the Seahawks cut their roster to 75 players. On December 1, 2015 Foxx was signed by the Seahawks to their practice squad. On December 8, 2015 Foxx was waived from the practice squad. On December 22, 2015, the Seahawks re-signed Foxx to their practice squad. On January 18, 2016 Foxx was signed to a futures contract by the Seahawks. On August 29, 2016, Foxx was waived/injured by the Seahawks and placed on injured reserve after clearing waivers. He was released by the Seahawks on September 6, 2016 with an injury settlement. On January 11, 2017, Foxx signed a reserve/future contract with the Jets. He was waived by the Jets on May 9, 2017. He was re-signed by the Jets on May 22, 2017. He was waived on August 14, 2017. As of fall of 2018, Foxx is the wide receivers coach for the Loomis Chaffee varsity football team, a prep school in Windsor, Connecticut.", "In 2003, Foxx featured on the rapper Twista's song, \"Slow Jamz\", together with Kanye West, which reached #1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and #3 on the UK Singles chart. His second collaboration with Kanye West, \"Gold Digger,\" in which Foxx sang the Ray Charles-influenced \"I Got a Woman\" hook, then went straight to #1 on the Billboard Hot 100, remaining there for 10 weeks. In 2005, Foxx featured on the single \"Georgia\" by Atlanta rappers Ludacris and Field Mob, which sampled Ray Charles' hit \"Georgia on My Mind\". Foxx would also portray Ray Charles in the biographical film Ray (2004), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Foxx is the second male in history to receive two acting Oscar nominations in the same year for two different movies, Collateral and Ray (the only other male actor to achieve this feat being Al Pacino). In 2005, Foxx was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Foxx released his second studio album, Unpredictable, in December 2005. It debuted at #2, selling 598,000 copies in its first week, rising to #1 the following week and selling an additional 200,000 copies. To date, the album has sold 1.98 million copies in the United States, and was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. The album also charted on the UK Albums Chart, where it peaked at #9. Foxx became the fourth artist to have both won an Academy Award for an acting role and to have achieved a #1 album in the U.S, joining Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby and Barbra Streisand."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is the meaning of intuition?", "answer": {"text": "Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008,", "answer_start": 479, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Just Like Me\" featuring T.I.,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else was featured in the album?", "answer": {"text": "The second single \"Blame It\" featured T-Pain", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album a hit on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did Foxx do in 2007?", "answer": {"text": "2007 brought him the lead role in the action thriller film The Kingdom", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he co-star with in The Kingdom?", "answer": {"text": "Chris Cooper, Jason Bateman, Jennifer Garner and Ashraf Barhom.", "answer_start": 80, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he received any awards for movies?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "rewrite": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the June 26 episode of \"SmackDown!\", Big Show, Shelton Benjamin, and Charlie Haas defeated Mr. America (a disguised Hulk Hogan), Brock Lesnar, and Kurt Angle in a six-man tag team match when Show pinned Mr. America. This was Hulk Hogan's last appearance as Mr. America. For several months afterwards, WWE hyped up Big Show as the man who retired Hogan. At No Mercy, Big Show defeated Eddie Guerrero for the WWE United States Championship. He then formed an alliance with then-WWE Champion Brock Lesnar. He was eliminated by Chris Benoit at the Royal Rumble. Big Show abandoned a departing Lesnar immediately before WrestleMania XX. At WrestleMania XX, Big Show lost the United States Championship to John Cena. On the April 15, 2004 episode of \"SmackDown!\" , Big Show promised to quit if he failed to defeat Eddie Guerrero that night. He lost to Guerrero after Guerrero performed a Frog Splash, and, believing that Torrie Wilson had laughed at him for losing, upended her car and threatened to throw her off a ledge. Then General Manager of SmackDown! Kurt Angle ascended the ledge to try to talk some reason into Big Show, but he chokeslammed Angle off the ledge, kayfabe concussing him and breaking his leg, as well as causing the back of Angle's head to bleed. After the show, Big Show was neither seen nor heard from on WWE television for months as he had knee surgery on April 24. In August, Big Show was reinstated by new General Manager Theodore Long, as he interfered during a Lumberjack match between Eddie Guerrero and Kurt Angle on the September 9 episode of \"SmackDown!\". Big Show had a choice to face either Guerrero or Angle at No Mercy, choosing to fight Angle, turning face. Big Show defeated Angle at No Mercy.", "Karen Jarrett Karen Jarrett ( Smedley and formerly Angle, born October 12, 1972) is an American professional wrestling valet and personality. She was formerly the Senior Vice President of the Impact Knockouts Division. She is the former wife of professional wrestler and Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle and the current wife of Impact and GFW founder and wrestler Jeff Jarrett. Karen was never involved in a storyline of World Wrestling Entertainment while her then-husband Kurt Angle was under contract. She herself was never under contract, but did briefly appear at Unforgiven 2001 as a part of the big celebration with the Angle family following Kurt Angle's victory over Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship. She also made an appearance on the WrestleMania XX DVD set in a bonus segment regarding Kurt Angle. Karen Angle was introduced in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in the summer of 2007 when Samoa Joe and Kurt Angle were feuding for an all-at-once Triple Crown Championship (Kurt held the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, and Joe held the TNA X Division and TNA World Tag Team Championship). Karen was supposedly wanting to divorce Kurt, claiming that he was emotionally abusive toward both her and their children. At the Hard Justice pay-per-view, however, Karen betrayed Joe during his match with her husband, resulting in Kurt winning the Triple Crown (thus turning her heel). In the following weeks, her character began to develop into a manipulative vamp, such as when she claimed that Sting slapped her at No Surrender when, in fact, he had not. This led to Kurt and Sting losing the Tag Team titles to Team Pacman after Kurt executed the Olympic slam on Sting. Another feud then erupted between Kurt Angle and Sting in which Sting had Karen arrested for violating a restraining order and Kurt stalking Sting's son.", "On the February 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Kurt Angle had a match against Magnus, which Angle won by disqualification, when EC3 attacked him, performing a leglock, which injured his knee. On the February 27 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle officially accepted his induction into the TNA Hall of Fame, but the ceremony was interrupted by EC3, who said he tore Angle's knee ligaments and therefore must retire. However, Angle attacked him and challenged him to a match at Lockdown. On the March 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle was attacked again by EC3. It was announced after that night's \"Impact Wrestling\" that Kurt Angle, due to EC3's attack, would be pulled from the Lockdown card due to a torn MCL. On March 9, at Lockdown, Bobby Lashley answered Carter's open challenge after his scheduled opponent (Kurt Angle) couldn't wrestle due to injury the match ended in a no contest. The following week on \"Impact Wrestling\", Lashley and Carter had a rematch which Carter won via disqualification after an assault by Willow on Carter. This started a feud between the two, as EC3 and Rockstar Spud attempted to search for Willow in the woods. However, they were both attacked by Willow. At Sacrifice, they were defeated by Willow and a returning Kurt Angle. On the May 8, 2014 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", EC3 faced Kurt Angle, where EC3 won. During the match, Angle re-injured his knee, which allowed EC3 to capitalize on the victory and tear Angle's ACL. After his feud with Kurt Angle, he started a feud with Bully Ray, who threatened to put his aunt, Dixie Carter, through a table after the match.", "He proceeded to slam his cue stick on the pool table and left. Later that night, DDP and Rhyno faced Kane and the Undertaker. During the match, there was interference from the Alliance. In response, The Hardy Boyz, the APA, Jericho, and Kurt Angle came to help their WWF allies, but more Alliance members came in and overwhelmed the WWF wrestlers. Backstage, many WWF and Alliance wrestlers were fighting each other, and the WWF seemed to be on the losing end of things. A truck was seen driving up to the arena, however, and Austin came out with his cue stick and proceeded to beat down any WCW and ECW wrestlers in his path. He then came to the ring, trash-talking on the way down, and beat down the Alliance wrestlers, giving Stunners to most of the men in the ring. The WWF wrestlers had cleaned house and were standing tall. The WWF seemed to be in good shape for the upcoming pay-per-view with Austin's return. At InVasion, the Inaugural Brawl took place between Team WCW/ECW and Team WWF. Team WWF consisted of Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Chris Jericho, Kane, and the Undertaker, who all squared off against the team of DDP, Booker T, Rhyno, and the Dudley Boys. Near the end of the match, all of the wrestlers were outside of the ring except Booker T and Angle. Kurt Angle applied the ankle lock on Booker T, who tapped out, but no referee was there to witness it. Austin then dragged a referee into the ring, but in a swerve, kicked Kurt Angle in the head, hit him with a Stunner, and placed Booker T on top of Kurt Angle and told the referee to count. Team WCW/ECW won the match due to Austin's betrayal of the WWF.", "Rollins executed a catapult into the corner on Ziggler, pinning Ziggler with a roll up to tie the score 4-4. Rollins performed a superkick and \"The Stomp\" on Ziggler, however, the time limit expired, thus the match ended in a draw at 4-4 and Ziggler seemingly retained the title. However, Raw General Manager Kurt Angle ordered the match to restart under sudden death overtime. As the match restarted, McIntyre appeared and distracted Rollins, allowing Ziggler to perform a \"Zig Zag\" on Rollins to win the match 5-4 and retain the title. At Extreme Rules, General Manager Kurt Angle gave Brock Lesnar an ultimatum: show up on \"Raw\" the next night or agree to the terms of his next title defense, or he would be stripped of the Universal Championship. On \"Raw\", Brock Lesnar was absent and as Angle was about to strip him of the title, he was interrupted by Lesnar's advocate Paul Heyman, who, on Lesnar's behalf, agreed that Lesnar would defend the championship at SummerSlam. Bobby Lashley and Roman Reigns won their respective triple threat matches to face each other the following week to determine Lesnar's challenger at SummerSlam. Also on \"Raw\", Rousey, who just had two days left on her 30-day suspension, appeared and attacked Raw Women's Champion Alexa Bliss and Mickie James. After they were separated, Kurt Angle extended Rousey's suspension by one week and said that as long as she does not break her suspension, she would receive a Raw Women's Championship match against Bliss at SummerSlam. Team Hell No were assaulted by The Bludgeon Brothers backstage before their match, and (kayfabe) injured Kane's ankle."], "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#1", "question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "rewrite": "What were Kurt Angle's job responsibilities?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the February 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Kurt Angle had a match against Magnus, which Angle won by disqualification, when EC3 attacked him, performing a leglock, which injured his knee. On the February 27 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle officially accepted his induction into the TNA Hall of Fame, but the ceremony was interrupted by EC3, who said he tore Angle's knee ligaments and therefore must retire. However, Angle attacked him and challenged him to a match at Lockdown. On the March 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle was attacked again by EC3. It was announced after that night's \"Impact Wrestling\" that Kurt Angle, due to EC3's attack, would be pulled from the Lockdown card due to a torn MCL. On March 9, at Lockdown, Bobby Lashley answered Carter's open challenge after his scheduled opponent (Kurt Angle) couldn't wrestle due to injury the match ended in a no contest. The following week on \"Impact Wrestling\", Lashley and Carter had a rematch which Carter won via disqualification after an assault by Willow on Carter. This started a feud between the two, as EC3 and Rockstar Spud attempted to search for Willow in the woods. However, they were both attacked by Willow. At Sacrifice, they were defeated by Willow and a returning Kurt Angle. On the May 8, 2014 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", EC3 faced Kurt Angle, where EC3 won. During the match, Angle re-injured his knee, which allowed EC3 to capitalize on the victory and tear Angle's ACL. After his feud with Kurt Angle, he started a feud with Bully Ray, who threatened to put his aunt, Dixie Carter, through a table after the match.", "Karen Jarrett Karen Jarrett ( Smedley and formerly Angle, born October 12, 1972) is an American professional wrestling valet and personality. She was formerly the Senior Vice President of the Impact Knockouts Division. She is the former wife of professional wrestler and Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle and the current wife of Impact and GFW founder and wrestler Jeff Jarrett. Karen was never involved in a storyline of World Wrestling Entertainment while her then-husband Kurt Angle was under contract. She herself was never under contract, but did briefly appear at Unforgiven 2001 as a part of the big celebration with the Angle family following Kurt Angle's victory over Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship. She also made an appearance on the WrestleMania XX DVD set in a bonus segment regarding Kurt Angle. Karen Angle was introduced in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in the summer of 2007 when Samoa Joe and Kurt Angle were feuding for an all-at-once Triple Crown Championship (Kurt held the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, and Joe held the TNA X Division and TNA World Tag Team Championship). Karen was supposedly wanting to divorce Kurt, claiming that he was emotionally abusive toward both her and their children. At the Hard Justice pay-per-view, however, Karen betrayed Joe during his match with her husband, resulting in Kurt winning the Triple Crown (thus turning her heel). In the following weeks, her character began to develop into a manipulative vamp, such as when she claimed that Sting slapped her at No Surrender when, in fact, he had not. This led to Kurt and Sting losing the Tag Team titles to Team Pacman after Kurt executed the Olympic slam on Sting. Another feud then erupted between Kurt Angle and Sting in which Sting had Karen arrested for violating a restraining order and Kurt stalking Sting's son.", "He proceeded to slam his cue stick on the pool table and left. Later that night, DDP and Rhyno faced Kane and the Undertaker. During the match, there was interference from the Alliance. In response, The Hardy Boyz, the APA, Jericho, and Kurt Angle came to help their WWF allies, but more Alliance members came in and overwhelmed the WWF wrestlers. Backstage, many WWF and Alliance wrestlers were fighting each other, and the WWF seemed to be on the losing end of things. A truck was seen driving up to the arena, however, and Austin came out with his cue stick and proceeded to beat down any WCW and ECW wrestlers in his path. He then came to the ring, trash-talking on the way down, and beat down the Alliance wrestlers, giving Stunners to most of the men in the ring. The WWF wrestlers had cleaned house and were standing tall. The WWF seemed to be in good shape for the upcoming pay-per-view with Austin's return. At InVasion, the Inaugural Brawl took place between Team WCW/ECW and Team WWF. Team WWF consisted of Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Chris Jericho, Kane, and the Undertaker, who all squared off against the team of DDP, Booker T, Rhyno, and the Dudley Boys. Near the end of the match, all of the wrestlers were outside of the ring except Booker T and Angle. Kurt Angle applied the ankle lock on Booker T, who tapped out, but no referee was there to witness it. Austin then dragged a referee into the ring, but in a swerve, kicked Kurt Angle in the head, hit him with a Stunner, and placed Booker T on top of Kurt Angle and told the referee to count. Team WCW/ECW won the match due to Austin's betrayal of the WWF.", "In the following weeks, Aces & Eights assembled their team, captained by Devon. Along with Devon, this team included D.O.C., Mr. Anderson, Mike Knox and Garett Bischoff, and they were to fight against Team TNA captained by Sting which was revealed to include James Storm, Samoa Joe, Magnus, and a returning Eric Young, who was injured months ago by the Aces & Eights. Another feud was between Kurt Angle and Wes Brisco. After befriending Kurt Angle, Angle helped Brisco to get an opportunity to make it on the TNA roster. Brisco later helped fend off members of the Aces & Eights with a lead pipe to save Kurt Angle and Garett Bischoff from getting beat down. Brisco received a chance on talent evaluation segment, TNA Gut Check, winning his try-out match against Bischoff and gaining the majority vote from the judges to become a member of the TNA roster. Under the wing of Kurt Angle and Samoa Joe, Brisco and Bischoff aligned with them in their fight against Aces & Eights, winning their match against the Aces & Eights on December 9 at Final Resolution. In early January, however, Angle and Joe began to decline the help of Brisco and Bischoff. Weeks later on the January 31 edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle turned down their help again prior to his Lockdown 2010 cage rematch with Mr. Anderson. Just before the match, Joe was shown to have been mysteriously attacked. After Angle's cage match victory over Anderson, a masked member of Aces & Eights scaled the cage to pursue Angle while Brisco emerged to unlock the cage and apparently help Angle. Within the cage, the person unmasked to reveal himself to be Garett Bischoff.", "Angle hit RVD with four consecutive Belly-to-Back Suplexes and an Angle slam, but as he attempted the pinfall, Shane McMahon interfered in the match and threw Angle to the outside and into the ringpost. Shane and Vince then started going at it. Back in the ring, Austin hit a Stone Cold Stunner on RVD and pinned him to retain his championship. Team WWF and The Alliance continued their battle after No Mercy and The Alliance started sinking as a team. On the October 22 edition of \"Raw\", The Alliance lost four championships to WWF wrestlers \u2013 Rhyno lost the WCW United States Championship to Kurt Angle, Billy Kidman lost the WCW Cruiserweight Championship to Tajiri, The Hurricane lost the WWF European Championship to Bradshaw and the Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) lost the WWF Tag Team Championship to Chris Jericho and The Rock. On the October 25 episode of \"SmackDown\", Kidman, Rhyno, Hurricane and the Dudley Boyz were attacked and fired by The Alliance for losing their respective titles. On the October 29 edition of \"Raw is War\", Vince McMahon announced his team of WWF representatives to take on The Alliance at Survivor Series. The team consisted of Chris Jericho, The Rock, Kurt Angle and The Brothers of Destruction (The Undertaker and Kane). However, later that night, Team WWF's leading wrestler Kurt Angle turned on the WWF by helping WCW Owner Shane McMahon defeat his father Vince in a Street Fight. As a result, Angle joined The Alliance. On the November 1 edition of \"SmackDown\", Vince announced that Shane's team of Alliance representatives consisted of Stone Cold Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Booker T, Rob Van Dam and himself. Following this, Vince announced himself as Angle's replacement on Team WWF. Big Show would later replace Vince on Team WWF after Vince suffered a legitimate injury."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#2", "question": "was he a good manager?", "rewrite": "was Kurt Angle a good manager?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the February 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Kurt Angle had a match against Magnus, which Angle won by disqualification, when EC3 attacked him, performing a leglock, which injured his knee. On the February 27 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle officially accepted his induction into the TNA Hall of Fame, but the ceremony was interrupted by EC3, who said he tore Angle's knee ligaments and therefore must retire. However, Angle attacked him and challenged him to a match at Lockdown. On the March 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle was attacked again by EC3. It was announced after that night's \"Impact Wrestling\" that Kurt Angle, due to EC3's attack, would be pulled from the Lockdown card due to a torn MCL. On March 9, at Lockdown, Bobby Lashley answered Carter's open challenge after his scheduled opponent (Kurt Angle) couldn't wrestle due to injury the match ended in a no contest. The following week on \"Impact Wrestling\", Lashley and Carter had a rematch which Carter won via disqualification after an assault by Willow on Carter. This started a feud between the two, as EC3 and Rockstar Spud attempted to search for Willow in the woods. However, they were both attacked by Willow. At Sacrifice, they were defeated by Willow and a returning Kurt Angle. On the May 8, 2014 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", EC3 faced Kurt Angle, where EC3 won. During the match, Angle re-injured his knee, which allowed EC3 to capitalize on the victory and tear Angle's ACL. After his feud with Kurt Angle, he started a feud with Bully Ray, who threatened to put his aunt, Dixie Carter, through a table after the match.", "In the following weeks, Aces & Eights assembled their team, captained by Devon. Along with Devon, this team included D.O.C., Mr. Anderson, Mike Knox and Garett Bischoff, and they were to fight against Team TNA captained by Sting which was revealed to include James Storm, Samoa Joe, Magnus, and a returning Eric Young, who was injured months ago by the Aces & Eights. Another feud was between Kurt Angle and Wes Brisco. After befriending Kurt Angle, Angle helped Brisco to get an opportunity to make it on the TNA roster. Brisco later helped fend off members of the Aces & Eights with a lead pipe to save Kurt Angle and Garett Bischoff from getting beat down. Brisco received a chance on talent evaluation segment, TNA Gut Check, winning his try-out match against Bischoff and gaining the majority vote from the judges to become a member of the TNA roster. Under the wing of Kurt Angle and Samoa Joe, Brisco and Bischoff aligned with them in their fight against Aces & Eights, winning their match against the Aces & Eights on December 9 at Final Resolution. In early January, however, Angle and Joe began to decline the help of Brisco and Bischoff. Weeks later on the January 31 edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle turned down their help again prior to his Lockdown 2010 cage rematch with Mr. Anderson. Just before the match, Joe was shown to have been mysteriously attacked. After Angle's cage match victory over Anderson, a masked member of Aces & Eights scaled the cage to pursue Angle while Brisco emerged to unlock the cage and apparently help Angle. Within the cage, the person unmasked to reveal himself to be Garett Bischoff.", "He proceeded to slam his cue stick on the pool table and left. Later that night, DDP and Rhyno faced Kane and the Undertaker. During the match, there was interference from the Alliance. In response, The Hardy Boyz, the APA, Jericho, and Kurt Angle came to help their WWF allies, but more Alliance members came in and overwhelmed the WWF wrestlers. Backstage, many WWF and Alliance wrestlers were fighting each other, and the WWF seemed to be on the losing end of things. A truck was seen driving up to the arena, however, and Austin came out with his cue stick and proceeded to beat down any WCW and ECW wrestlers in his path. He then came to the ring, trash-talking on the way down, and beat down the Alliance wrestlers, giving Stunners to most of the men in the ring. The WWF wrestlers had cleaned house and were standing tall. The WWF seemed to be in good shape for the upcoming pay-per-view with Austin's return. At InVasion, the Inaugural Brawl took place between Team WCW/ECW and Team WWF. Team WWF consisted of Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Chris Jericho, Kane, and the Undertaker, who all squared off against the team of DDP, Booker T, Rhyno, and the Dudley Boys. Near the end of the match, all of the wrestlers were outside of the ring except Booker T and Angle. Kurt Angle applied the ankle lock on Booker T, who tapped out, but no referee was there to witness it. Austin then dragged a referee into the ring, but in a swerve, kicked Kurt Angle in the head, hit him with a Stunner, and placed Booker T on top of Kurt Angle and told the referee to count. Team WCW/ECW won the match due to Austin's betrayal of the WWF.", "Karen Jarrett Karen Jarrett ( Smedley and formerly Angle, born October 12, 1972) is an American professional wrestling valet and personality. She was formerly the Senior Vice President of the Impact Knockouts Division. She is the former wife of professional wrestler and Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle and the current wife of Impact and GFW founder and wrestler Jeff Jarrett. Karen was never involved in a storyline of World Wrestling Entertainment while her then-husband Kurt Angle was under contract. She herself was never under contract, but did briefly appear at Unforgiven 2001 as a part of the big celebration with the Angle family following Kurt Angle's victory over Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship. She also made an appearance on the WrestleMania XX DVD set in a bonus segment regarding Kurt Angle. Karen Angle was introduced in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in the summer of 2007 when Samoa Joe and Kurt Angle were feuding for an all-at-once Triple Crown Championship (Kurt held the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, and Joe held the TNA X Division and TNA World Tag Team Championship). Karen was supposedly wanting to divorce Kurt, claiming that he was emotionally abusive toward both her and their children. At the Hard Justice pay-per-view, however, Karen betrayed Joe during his match with her husband, resulting in Kurt winning the Triple Crown (thus turning her heel). In the following weeks, her character began to develop into a manipulative vamp, such as when she claimed that Sting slapped her at No Surrender when, in fact, he had not. This led to Kurt and Sting losing the Tag Team titles to Team Pacman after Kurt executed the Olympic slam on Sting. Another feud then erupted between Kurt Angle and Sting in which Sting had Karen arrested for violating a restraining order and Kurt stalking Sting's son.", "On November 7, 2005, Daivari returned to \"Raw\", acting as Kurt Angle's anointed special guest referee in the tag team match between Shawn Michaels and John Cena against Angle and Chris Masters. During the match, Daivari favored Angle and Masters, who won the match via disqualification when Michaels was caught with a chair Angle brought in. On November 21, 2005, Kurt Angle announced that Daivari was to be the referee for all his future matches, including his WWE Championship match against John Cena for the title at Survivor Series. Mr. McMahon rescinded that at the kangaroo court trial of Eric Bischoff on \"Raw\" on December 5, 2005. Daivari remained aligned with Kurt Angle as his manager. On the January 13, 2006, episode of \"SmackDown!\", Angle and Daivari were drafted to \"SmackDown!\", where Angle won the World Heavyweight Championship that same night. Angle later revealed that his contract on \"Raw\" had expired, which allowed them to switch brands. Angle was already signed to face Shawn Michaels on \"Raw\", however this non-title match went ahead, but Daivari would accidentally cost Angle the match against Michaels. Afterwards, Daivari and Angle argued, but when Daivari slapped Angle, he was \"Angle Slammed\" over the ropes and down to the floor on the outside of the ring. During the break, on WWE.com \"Unlimited\", an enraged Angle made it known that Daivari's services were no longer needed. A short time later, Daivari faced his former client in a match, during which Mark Henry, the number one contender for Angle's title, attacked Angle. After the match, Daivari officially announced that he was now managing Henry and continued to manage Henry during his feud with The Undertaker."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#3", "question": "what are some interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "what are some interesting aspects about this article related to Kurt Angle?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the following weeks, Aces & Eights assembled their team, captained by Devon. Along with Devon, this team included D.O.C., Mr. Anderson, Mike Knox and Garett Bischoff, and they were to fight against Team TNA captained by Sting which was revealed to include James Storm, Samoa Joe, Magnus, and a returning Eric Young, who was injured months ago by the Aces & Eights. Another feud was between Kurt Angle and Wes Brisco. After befriending Kurt Angle, Angle helped Brisco to get an opportunity to make it on the TNA roster. Brisco later helped fend off members of the Aces & Eights with a lead pipe to save Kurt Angle and Garett Bischoff from getting beat down. Brisco received a chance on talent evaluation segment, TNA Gut Check, winning his try-out match against Bischoff and gaining the majority vote from the judges to become a member of the TNA roster. Under the wing of Kurt Angle and Samoa Joe, Brisco and Bischoff aligned with them in their fight against Aces & Eights, winning their match against the Aces & Eights on December 9 at Final Resolution. In early January, however, Angle and Joe began to decline the help of Brisco and Bischoff. Weeks later on the January 31 edition of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle turned down their help again prior to his Lockdown 2010 cage rematch with Mr. Anderson. Just before the match, Joe was shown to have been mysteriously attacked. After Angle's cage match victory over Anderson, a masked member of Aces & Eights scaled the cage to pursue Angle while Brisco emerged to unlock the cage and apparently help Angle. Within the cage, the person unmasked to reveal himself to be Garett Bischoff.", "Angle hit RVD with four consecutive Belly-to-Back Suplexes and an Angle slam, but as he attempted the pinfall, Shane McMahon interfered in the match and threw Angle to the outside and into the ringpost. Shane and Vince then started going at it. Back in the ring, Austin hit a Stone Cold Stunner on RVD and pinned him to retain his championship. Team WWF and The Alliance continued their battle after No Mercy and The Alliance started sinking as a team. On the October 22 edition of \"Raw\", The Alliance lost four championships to WWF wrestlers \u2013 Rhyno lost the WCW United States Championship to Kurt Angle, Billy Kidman lost the WCW Cruiserweight Championship to Tajiri, The Hurricane lost the WWF European Championship to Bradshaw and the Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) lost the WWF Tag Team Championship to Chris Jericho and The Rock. On the October 25 episode of \"SmackDown\", Kidman, Rhyno, Hurricane and the Dudley Boyz were attacked and fired by The Alliance for losing their respective titles. On the October 29 edition of \"Raw is War\", Vince McMahon announced his team of WWF representatives to take on The Alliance at Survivor Series. The team consisted of Chris Jericho, The Rock, Kurt Angle and The Brothers of Destruction (The Undertaker and Kane). However, later that night, Team WWF's leading wrestler Kurt Angle turned on the WWF by helping WCW Owner Shane McMahon defeat his father Vince in a Street Fight. As a result, Angle joined The Alliance. On the November 1 edition of \"SmackDown\", Vince announced that Shane's team of Alliance representatives consisted of Stone Cold Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Booker T, Rob Van Dam and himself. Following this, Vince announced himself as Angle's replacement on Team WWF. Big Show would later replace Vince on Team WWF after Vince suffered a legitimate injury.", "Karen Jarrett Karen Jarrett ( Smedley and formerly Angle, born October 12, 1972) is an American professional wrestling valet and personality. She was formerly the Senior Vice President of the Impact Knockouts Division. She is the former wife of professional wrestler and Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle and the current wife of Impact and GFW founder and wrestler Jeff Jarrett. Karen was never involved in a storyline of World Wrestling Entertainment while her then-husband Kurt Angle was under contract. She herself was never under contract, but did briefly appear at Unforgiven 2001 as a part of the big celebration with the Angle family following Kurt Angle's victory over Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship. She also made an appearance on the WrestleMania XX DVD set in a bonus segment regarding Kurt Angle. Karen Angle was introduced in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) in the summer of 2007 when Samoa Joe and Kurt Angle were feuding for an all-at-once Triple Crown Championship (Kurt held the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, and Joe held the TNA X Division and TNA World Tag Team Championship). Karen was supposedly wanting to divorce Kurt, claiming that he was emotionally abusive toward both her and their children. At the Hard Justice pay-per-view, however, Karen betrayed Joe during his match with her husband, resulting in Kurt winning the Triple Crown (thus turning her heel). In the following weeks, her character began to develop into a manipulative vamp, such as when she claimed that Sting slapped her at No Surrender when, in fact, he had not. This led to Kurt and Sting losing the Tag Team titles to Team Pacman after Kurt executed the Olympic slam on Sting. Another feud then erupted between Kurt Angle and Sting in which Sting had Karen arrested for violating a restraining order and Kurt stalking Sting's son.", "On the February 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Kurt Angle had a match against Magnus, which Angle won by disqualification, when EC3 attacked him, performing a leglock, which injured his knee. On the February 27 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle officially accepted his induction into the TNA Hall of Fame, but the ceremony was interrupted by EC3, who said he tore Angle's knee ligaments and therefore must retire. However, Angle attacked him and challenged him to a match at Lockdown. On the March 6 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Angle was attacked again by EC3. It was announced after that night's \"Impact Wrestling\" that Kurt Angle, due to EC3's attack, would be pulled from the Lockdown card due to a torn MCL. On March 9, at Lockdown, Bobby Lashley answered Carter's open challenge after his scheduled opponent (Kurt Angle) couldn't wrestle due to injury the match ended in a no contest. The following week on \"Impact Wrestling\", Lashley and Carter had a rematch which Carter won via disqualification after an assault by Willow on Carter. This started a feud between the two, as EC3 and Rockstar Spud attempted to search for Willow in the woods. However, they were both attacked by Willow. At Sacrifice, they were defeated by Willow and a returning Kurt Angle. On the May 8, 2014 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", EC3 faced Kurt Angle, where EC3 won. During the match, Angle re-injured his knee, which allowed EC3 to capitalize on the victory and tear Angle's ACL. After his feud with Kurt Angle, he started a feud with Bully Ray, who threatened to put his aunt, Dixie Carter, through a table after the match.", "He proceeded to slam his cue stick on the pool table and left. Later that night, DDP and Rhyno faced Kane and the Undertaker. During the match, there was interference from the Alliance. In response, The Hardy Boyz, the APA, Jericho, and Kurt Angle came to help their WWF allies, but more Alliance members came in and overwhelmed the WWF wrestlers. Backstage, many WWF and Alliance wrestlers were fighting each other, and the WWF seemed to be on the losing end of things. A truck was seen driving up to the arena, however, and Austin came out with his cue stick and proceeded to beat down any WCW and ECW wrestlers in his path. He then came to the ring, trash-talking on the way down, and beat down the Alliance wrestlers, giving Stunners to most of the men in the ring. The WWF wrestlers had cleaned house and were standing tall. The WWF seemed to be in good shape for the upcoming pay-per-view with Austin's return. At InVasion, the Inaugural Brawl took place between Team WCW/ECW and Team WWF. Team WWF consisted of Steve Austin, Kurt Angle, Chris Jericho, Kane, and the Undertaker, who all squared off against the team of DDP, Booker T, Rhyno, and the Dudley Boys. Near the end of the match, all of the wrestlers were outside of the ring except Booker T and Angle. Kurt Angle applied the ankle lock on Booker T, who tapped out, but no referee was there to witness it. Austin then dragged a referee into the ring, but in a swerve, kicked Kurt Angle in the head, hit him with a Stunner, and placed Booker T on top of Kurt Angle and told the referee to count. Team WCW/ECW won the match due to Austin's betrayal of the WWF."], "answer": {"text": "Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle,", "answer_start": 408}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a good manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#4", "question": "what was the information?", "rewrite": "what was the information that Graves informed Angle of?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His \"Secret Cities of Old South America\" was described by The Explorers Club in a review as a \"crank book, basing most of its fantastic conclusions on the assumption that Atlantis and Mu did exist... Despite a long bibliography there is little dependable documentation in the book. It is vaporous hearsay.\" Jason Colavito has noted that Wilkins was a plagiarist. In his book \"Secret Cities of Old South America\" he had taken material from Madame Blavatsky's \"Secret Doctrine\".", "Control reversal Control reversal is an adverse effect on the controllability of aircraft. The flight controls reverse themselves in a way that is not intuitive, so pilots may not be aware of the situation and therefore provide the wrong inputs; in order to roll to the left, for instance, they have to push the control stick to the right, the opposite of the normal direction. There are several causes for this problem: pilot error, effects of high-speed flight, incorrectly connected controls, and various coupling forces on the aircraft. Equipment failure may cause flight controls to behave unexpectedly, for example the possible rudder reversal experienced onboard United Airlines Flight 585. Pilot error is the most common cause of control reversal. In unusual attitudes it is not uncommon for the pilot to become disoriented and start feeding in incorrect control movements in order to regain level flight. This is particularly common when using helmet mounted display systems , which introduce graphics that remain steady in the pilot's view, notably when using a particular form of attitude display known as an \"inside-out\"   Incorrectly connected controls are another common cause of this problem. It is a recurring problem after maintenance on aircraft, notably homebuilt designs that are being flown for the first time after some minor work. However it is not entirely uncommon on commercial aircraft, and has been the cause of several accidents including the crash of the Short Crusader before the 1927 Schneider Trophy and the 1947 death of Avro designer Roy Chadwick. Another manifestation of the problem occurs when the amount of airflow over the wing becomes so great that the force generated by the ailerons is enough to twist the wing itself, due to insufficient torsional stiffness of the wing structure. For instance when the aileron is deflected upwards in order to make that wing move down, the wing twists in the opposite direction.", "The technique he developed did not accurately square the circle, and provided an incorrect area of the circle which essentially redefined pi as equal to 3.2. Goodwin then proposed the Indiana Pi Bill in the Indiana state legislature allowing the state to use his method in education without paying royalties to him. The bill passed with no objections in the state house, but the bill was tabled and never voted on in the Senate, amid increasing ridicule from the press. The mathematical crank Carl Theodore Heisel also claimed to have squared the circle in his book, \"Behold! : the grand problem no longer unsolved: the circle squared beyond refutation.\" Paul Halmos referred to the book as a \"classic crank book.\" In 1874, John A. Parker published a book in which he claimed to have squared the circle. The problem of squaring the circle has been mentioned by poets such as Dante and Alexander Pope, with varied metaphorical meanings. Its literary use dates back at least to 414 BC, when the play The Birds by Aristophanes was first performed. In it, the character Meton of Athens mentions squaring the circle, possibly to indicate the paradoxical nature of his utopian city. Dante's \"Paradise\" canto XXXIII lines 133\u2013135 contain the verses: < poem style=\"margin-left : 2em\" > As the geometer his mind applies To square the circle, nor for all his wit Finds the right formula , howe'er he tries</poem> For Dante, squaring the circle represents a task beyond human comprehension, which he compares to his own inability to comprehend Paradise. By 1742, when Alexander Pope published the fourth book of his Dunciad, attempts at circle-squaring had come to be seen as \"wild and fruitless\":", "On January 16, 2017, WWE announced that Angle would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame. On March 16, WWE revealed that his long-time rival John Cena would induct Angle at the Hall of Fame ceremony. On the April 3 episode of Raw after WrestleMania 33, Angle made his first WWE appearance in nearly 11 years after Mr. McMahon appointed Angle as the new general manager of Raw. On the May 29 episode of Raw, Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle, with Angle telling Graves \"if this is true, it could ruin me\". On the July 17 episode of Raw, Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college. He stated that his son eventually ended up in the WWE. Angle then made the announcement that his (on-screen) son was Jason Jordan of American Alpha, thus moving Jordan to the Raw brand. On October 20, WWE announced Angle's in-ring return after 11 years, replacing Roman Reigns due to medical issues and teaming with Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins to face The Miz, Cesaro, Sheamus, Braun Strowman, and Kane in a 5-on-3 handicap Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs. Angle (dressed in The Shield's ring attire), Ambrose, and Rollins won the match, despite Angle having initially been taken out when Braun Strowman executed a Running Powerslam through a table on Angle. On the October 30 episode of Raw, while addressing the fans, Angle would be confronted by Stephanie McMahon, where McMahon would announce that Angle would be the team captain of Team Raw at Survivor Series, adding that if Team Raw would lose, Angle would be fired.", "Research by Heine indicates that unresolved emotional traumas release a neurotransmitter substance P which causes the collagen to take on a hexagonal structure that is more ordered than their usual structure, putting the ground substance out of balance, what he calls an \"emotional scar \"providing\" an important scientific verification that diseases can have psychological causes.\" (see also Bruce Lipton) While the initial work on identifying the importance of the ground regulatory system was done in Germany, more recent work examining the implications of inter and intra-cellular communication via the extra-cellular matrix has taken place in the U.S. and elsewhere. Structural continuity between extracellular, cyst skeletal and nuclear components was discussed by Hay, Berezny et al. and Oschman. Historically, these elements have been referred to as ground substances, and because of their continuity, they act to form a complex, interlaced system that reaches into and contacts every part of the body. Even as early as 1851 it was recognized that the nerve and blood systems do not directly connect to the cell, but are mediated by and through an extracellular matrix. Recent research regarding the electrical charges of the various glycol-protein components of the extracellular matrix shows that because of the high density of negative charges on glycosaminoglycans (provided by sulfate and carboxylate groups of the uronic acid residues) the matrix is an extensive redox system capable of absorbing and donating electrons at any point. This electron transfer function reaches into the interiors of cells as the cytoplasmic matrix is also strongly negatively charged. The entire extracellular and cellular matrix functions as a biophysical storage system or accumulator for electrical charge."], "answer": {"text": "Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college.", "answer_start": 623}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a good manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle,", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#5", "question": "Did the reporter print this info?", "rewrite": "Did Corey Graves print that Angle had a son with a woman?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Corey Graves Matthew Polinsky (born February 24, 1984) is an American wrestling color commentator, columnist, and retired professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE as a commentator and analyst for \"Friday Night SmackDown\" under the ring name Corey Graves. He is a former NXT Tag Team Champion with Adrian Neville. Polinsky is also known for his work on the independent circuit under the ring name Sterling James Keenan. Polinsky was born and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of a Hungarian couple. He attended college and got a degree in marketing. Polinsky chose his ring name the night before his first professional wrestling match, and picked the name \"Sterling James Keenan\" as a tribute to Sterling Sharpe, Polinsky's favorite American football player as a child, and Maynard James Keenan of the band Tool. Keenan debuted on March 22, 2000. Throughout the next few years, Keenan appeared for various promotions, including Dory Funk Jr.'s \"Funkin Conservatory\", where he competed with wrestlers including Paul London, Adam Windsor, and Onyx. In 2002, Keenan teamed with \"Dreamachine\" Chris Cage to win the Funkin Conservatory Tag Team Championship by defeating the team of London and Windsor. Keenan also made appearances for NWA Upstate, Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South, Cleveland All-Pro Wrestling, and Full Throttle Wrestling. On April 26, 2002, in NWA East / Pro Wrestling eXpress, Keenan and Mad Mike won the NWA East Tag Team Championship by defeating The Premiere Players. Keenan was part of the Union of Independent Professional Wrestlers promotion in both of its incarnations. He won the UIPW Keystone Cruiserweight Championship. Beginning in 2005, he appeared regularly for Far North Wrestling (FNW), and on November 2, 2007, he won a Battle royal to win the FNW Heavyweight Championship.", "On the May 22 episode of \"Raw\", when Amore was attacked, Cass would tell the General Manager Kurt Angle to find the attacker before he does. The next week, Cass would accuse Corey Graves, then The Revival as Amore's attackers. On the June 5 episode of \"Raw\", Cass was mysteriously attacked in the same manner as Amore and blamed his attack on Big Show, but Show denied this allegation. On the June 19 episode of \"Raw\", it was revealed by Corey Graves that Cass was behind the attacks on Amore and that he faked his own attack in order to lure away suspicion that he was the attacker. Cass stated his frustration during his time teaming with Amore by accusing him of holding him down, calling him \"dead weight\". Cass then delivered a big boot to Amore, thus turning heel and disbanding the team. The following week on \"Raw\", Amore called out Cass in order to make up and leave the attacks in the past. Cass would supposedly accept Amore's speech, but then attack him when they went up the entrance ramp. On July 9, Cass defeated Amore at Great Balls of Fire event. They continued to feud for the duration of the summer, with Amore eventually befriending Big Show. Show and Cass' ensuing series of altercations culminated in a match at SummerSlam with Amore locked inside a shark cage which hung over the ring. Although Amore escaped the cage, he was easily taken out by Cass, who would go on to defeat Big Show. On the August 21 episode of \"Raw\", Cass faced Amore in a Street Fight, which Amore won by referee stoppage after Cass suffered a legitimate knee injury. In 2018, Arndt and Morrissey were released at separate times from WWE.", "On January 16, 2017, WWE announced that Angle would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame. On March 16, WWE revealed that his long-time rival John Cena would induct Angle at the Hall of Fame ceremony. On the April 3 episode of Raw after WrestleMania 33, Angle made his first WWE appearance in nearly 11 years after Mr. McMahon appointed Angle as the new general manager of Raw. On the May 29 episode of Raw, Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle, with Angle telling Graves \"if this is true, it could ruin me\". On the July 17 episode of Raw, Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college. He stated that his son eventually ended up in the WWE. Angle then made the announcement that his (on-screen) son was Jason Jordan of American Alpha, thus moving Jordan to the Raw brand. On October 20, WWE announced Angle's in-ring return after 11 years, replacing Roman Reigns due to medical issues and teaming with Dean Ambrose and Seth Rollins to face The Miz, Cesaro, Sheamus, Braun Strowman, and Kane in a 5-on-3 handicap Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs. Angle (dressed in The Shield's ring attire), Ambrose, and Rollins won the match, despite Angle having initially been taken out when Braun Strowman executed a Running Powerslam through a table on Angle. On the October 30 episode of Raw, while addressing the fans, Angle would be confronted by Stephanie McMahon, where McMahon would announce that Angle would be the team captain of Team Raw at Survivor Series, adding that if Team Raw would lose, Angle would be fired.", "On the June 19 episode of \"Raw\", as Angle tried to resolve the mystery of who attacked both Enzo and Cass over the last few weeks, Graves would show security footage of Big Cass faking his attack, which led to Cass revealing himself as the one who attacked Enzo Amore, before attacking Amore once again, officially disbanding the team. Graves would continue to support Angle about his personal information that was sent to him, which Angle would reveal on the July 17 episode of \"Raw\", announcing that Jason Jordan was his storyline son. On September 4, it was announced that Graves would also join the \"SmackDown\" Live announce team after JBL departed from the company, making Graves the only current announcer to commentate both \"Raw\" and \"SmackDown Live\", as a heel color commentator. On September 26, 2019, WWE announced as a part of their \"WWE Premiere Week\" that a new commentary team will be on all three brands. Graves would now be an analyst only for SmackDown. Polinsky, as Corey Graves, made his video game debut as a playable character in \"WWE 2K15\", where on the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 versions of the game, he has his own path in the \"Who Got NXT\" mode, documenting his matches in \"NXT\" and on the Xbox One and PlayStation 4 versions as an unlockable character through the MyCareer mode. He later appeared in \"WWE 2K18\" and \"WWE 2K19\" and \"WWE 2K20\" as a non-playable character as part of the commentary team. Polinsky was a part of \"\" documentary: \"WWE: Behind the Curtain\". From October 2015 to April 2016, Polinsky wrote a monthly column for \"Alternative Press\" entitled \"Stay Loud.\" The column covered the intersection of wrestling and music.", "The Ascension then started a feud with The Usos, defeating them on the September 5 \"NXT\", and also scored a win over Justin Gabriel and Tyson Kidd on the October 3 \"NXT\". Two weeks later, the Ascension teamed up with Kassius Ohno to defeat Richie Steamboat and the Usos. The Ascension disbanded on November 30, 2012 when Cameron was released from WWE. O'Brian retained his character while using \"The Ascension\" as his nickname as he started to feud with Big E Langston for the NXT Championship. O'Brian first faced Langston in a non-title match, which ended in a double disqualification. O'Brian then faced Corey Graves in a number one contender match which had no winner when the Shield attacked both men to make a statement. The next week, O'Brian defeated Graves and Bo Dallas to become the number one contender. The feud ended after O'Brian was defeated in a title match on the April 4 episode of \"NXT\". On the May 29 \"NXT\", O'Brian competed in an 18-man number one contender battle royal and was eliminated by Corey Graves and Kassius Ohno. To reform the Ascension tag team, Rick Victor allied himself with O'Brian as they went chased the NXT Tag Team Championships held by Adrian Neville and Corey Graves. On November 10, 2013 O'Brian's name was tweaked and shortened to \"Konnor\". On February 27, 2014 at NXT Arrival, he and Viktor successfully defended the NXT Tag Team Championships against Too Cool, repeating the feat on May 29, 2014 at NXT TakeOver against the team of El Local and Kalisto."], "answer": {"text": "Angle then made the announcement that his (on-screen) son was Jason Jordan of American Alpha,", "answer_start": 745}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a good manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle,", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the information?", "answer": {"text": "Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college.", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#6", "question": "was he involved in any other scandals?", "rewrite": "was Angle involved in any other scandals aside from Angle having a son?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Among the famous incidents that occurred during this angle include Embry being hit with a baseball bat by Akbar, Cactus Jack and Gary Young (in a mask as \"The Zodiac\") during an April 1989 battle against Akbar; both of whom were hiding under the Sportatorium ring for some three hours. Frank Dusek, who served as the special referee, was also lit up with the baseball bat and piledriven by Young during the melee. Afterwards, Embry induced vomiting in the ring (which was censored on television). Prior to that, another infamous angle occurred when Embry, who was a special referee in a match between Kerry Von Erich and Gary Young, was fighting with Akbar. The battle carried out into the Sportatorium parking lot, when a hand came through the fire door to kidnap Embry (later revealed to be Killer Tim Brooks). Chris Adams, Kerry Von Erich and Jimmy Jack Funk then carried a bloodied Embry out of the parking lot back into the arena following that vicious attack. Another angle involved the late referee Harold Harris. Harris, who was using a British accent to make people believe he was from England (prompting Frank Dusek to say that if Harris was from England, then Chris Adams was Paul McCartney), drew controversy for favoring the heels, and on a few occasions, like the WWE's Danny Davis and the NWA's Teddy Long, Harris would execute fast three-counts on the heels and slow three-counts on the babyfaces. During one infamous incident, Embry piledrived Harris as he was attempting to get a spot as a referee in some matches.", "Studius  Studius may refer to:", "On average, however, Brad Armstrong was more of a jobber to the stars, while his brothers were pure jobbers for the most part, though Brian Armstrong would find the greatest success of the brothers in WWE as the Road Dogg. In 2003, after he returned from his neck injury, Chris Kanyon did a jobber angle, in which his gimmick was \" Who's Better Than Kanyon? Nobody\". He ended up jobbing to opponents on \"WWE Velocity\". A jobber angle involved Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP), whose continual losses during the end of 2008 \u2013 including embarrassing losses in which he was pinned by roll-ups from mid-level WWE superstars \u2013 cost him the signing bonus he received when he joined WWE.", "Spurius Tadius Spurius Tadius, also Ludius or Studius, was a Roman muralist of the Augustan period. His exact date of birth and death are unknown. Tadius painted landscape murals during the reign of Augustus. He was noted for his scenes of villas and ports. Some manuscripts refer to him by alternate names, including Studius and Ludius.", "Lita also began a concurrent feud with WWF Women's Champion Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley, and they became the first two women to main event an episode of \"Monday Night Raw\". On the August 21, 2000 episode of \"Raw\", Lita defeated Stephanie to win the Women's Championship for the first time. The match also featured The Rock as the special guest referee and constant interference from Triple H and Kurt Angle. Sable made her World Wrestling Federation debut at WrestleMania XII in March 1996, escorting Hunter Hearst Helmsley to the ring as he took on the returning Ultimate Warrior. Sable's first major angle involved her then real-life husband, who debuted at WrestleMania XII as \"Wildman\" Marc Mero. Sable, however, quickly eclipsed both her husband and real-life rival Sunny in popularity, leading to the reinstatement of the WWF Women's Championship as well as the promotion's hiring of more female wrestlers. According to Stephanie McMahon, Sable's popularity led to a shift in the role of women in the WWF, as the promotion began to rely less on its female performers as mere eye candy and placed a greater emphasis on female athletes who actually competed in matches and storylines. Sable was one of the first females to compete in such specialty matches as evening gown matches, inter-gender tag team matches, and strap matches, competed in the first-ever WWF bikini contest against Jacqueline, and was also the first female talent to be a Playboy cover girl. Unlike Jacqueline, Ivory, Tori, and Luna, the more physical Divas and experienced wrestlers at the time, Sable later admitted that it was written in her contract that she was not allowed to take bumps. Kevin Nash would later admit that rival promotion, WCW, were more concerned with Sable's appearance than the superstars."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a good manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle,", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the information?", "answer": {"text": "Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college.", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the reporter print this info?", "answer": {"text": "Angle then made the announcement that his (on-screen) son was Jason Jordan of American Alpha,", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#7", "question": "was angle fired?", "rewrite": "was angle fired?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bernie's Tune Bernie's Tune is a 1952 jazz standard. The music was written by Bernie Miller, with lyrics added later by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It was popularised with a recording by the quartet of the American saxophonist and composer Gerry Mulligan, on the 1952 album of the same name, which also featured Chet Baker on trumpet. Despite this association, the piece was actually composed, as aforementioned, by a slightly unsung composer Bernie Miller, who also wrote the tune \"Loaded\" which was also covered by Chet Baker and saxophonist Stan Getz (to name a few). The tune was a popular choice for musicians jamming at the time, though information about the composer (\"Bernie\" Miller) himself is scarce, all that people really know of him is that he was a piano player from Washington DC. Mulligan speculated that by the time he had discovered any of Bernie's tunes, Bernie was dead. Later on in Mulligan's life, he took the same changes but invented a new melody to fit over the piece, entitling it 'Idle Gossip'. The song is typically played in D minor, and has a 32 bar AABA structure. Harmonically, it starts on the root minor chord, then travels to form a dominant on the augmented 5th of the D (Bb dominant 7th). This is what gives the A section of this piece a slightly blues-orientated tonality, as the dominant 7th of the Bb dominant is an Ab, the b5 of the root minor chord, being the definitive note of a blues scale. It then moves down a semitone to the dominant 5th of the root minor, preparing to go back to the root minor.", "Haas debuted on WWE's main roster on the December 26, 2002 episode of \"SmackDown!\" as a heel (villainous character) along with Shelton Benjamin as Team Angle. The tag team was the \"contingency plan\" of Paul Heyman, and were intended to help WWE Champion Kurt Angle retain his title, attacking Chris Benoit and Brock Lesnar in an attempt to soften them up. They quickly won the WWE Tag Team Championship on February 6, 2003, by defeating Los Guerreros (Eddie and Chavo Guerrero). They held the championship for three months, including a successful title defense at WrestleMania XIX against Los Guerreros and the team of Chris Benoit and Rhyno, before losing the championship to Eddie Guerrero and his new partner Tajiri in a ladder match on May 18 at Judgment Day. On the June 12 episode of \"SmackDown\", Angle fired Haas and Benjamin after they blamed him for losing the Tag Team Championship and began to question his leadership. The duo then dubbed themselves The World's Greatest Tag Team, although announcers made sure to add \"Self Proclaimed\" to the name. Haas and Benjamin regained the championship from Guerrero and Tajiri on the July 3 episode of \"SmackDown\", but lost it to the reformed Los Guerreros on September 18. The team was separated when Benjamin was moved to the Raw brand as part of the 2004 Draft Lottery. After Benjamin's draft, Haas turned into a fan favorite and gained Miss Jackie as a valet. He teamed with Rico to win the WWE Tag Team Championship on April 22, 2004. The pair lost the championship to the Dudley Boyz on June 17, and shortly afterwards, Haas became a singles wrestler, although he retained Miss Jackie as his valet. Haas lost a match to Luther Reigns at the Great American Bash.", "Marcia Butler Marcia Butler (born January 5, 1955) is an American writer. She is the author of the nationally acclaimed memoir \"The Skin Above My Knee\" (2017). Prior to her writing career, she was a professional oboist in New York City for 28 years until her retirement in 2008. Butler grew up in Massachusetts and New York. Having begun her oboe training in junior high school, she attended Mannes School of Music on a full scholarship. Since 1980, Butler performed as principal oboist and soloist on many New York and international stages, receiving acclaim from the New York Times as a \"first-rate artist\". She performed and recorded over 100 works by living composers, including dozens of New York and World Premiers. Her collaborators include pianist Andre Watts, composer and pianist Keith Jarrett and soprano Dawn Upshaw. She was awarded a grant for solo recital at the Weill Recital Hall of Carnegie Hall by the League of Composers/International Society of Contemporary Music. She was the only American to be invited to perform Elliot Carter's Oboe Concerto. She has served on the musical faculty of Columbia University. Changing careers, Butler started her interior design firm in 2002, serving over a hundred private clients across New York City, New England and Florida. In the coming years, her design work was featured in various shelter magazines and web publications, including Design Bureau Magazine, Apartment Therapy\u2019s The Kitchn, Gourmet Business Magazine, and Home & Textiles Today. She received of the Design Excellence Award from the International Interior Design Association in 2005. In 2016, Butler retired from design and transitioned into a writing career. Her debut memoir \" The Skin Above My Knee\" was published by Little, Brown and Company in 2017. One of The Washington Post's \"37 Books", "Tortoises show very strong site fidelity, and have well-established home ranges where they know where their food, water, and mineral resources are. Desert tortoises inhabit elevations from below mean sea level in Death Valley to in Arizona, though they are most common from around . Estimates of densities vary from less than eight individuals/km on sites in southern California to over 500 individuals/km in the western Mojave Desert, although most estimates are less than 150 individuals/km. The home range generally consists of . In general, males have larger home ranges than females, and home range size increases with increasing resources and rainfall. Desert tortoises are sensitive to the soil type, owing to their reliance on burrows for shelter, reduction of water loss, and regulation of body temperature. The soil should crumble easily during digging and be firm enough to resist collapse. Desert tortoises prefer sandy loam soils with varying amounts of gravel and clay, and tend to avoid sands or soils with low water-holding capacity, excess salts, or low resistance to flooding. They may consume soil to maintain adequate calcium levels, so may prefer sites with higher calcium content. Desert tortoises spend most of their lives in burrows, rock shelters, and pallets to regulate body temperature and reduce water loss. Burrows are tunnels dug into soil by desert tortoises or other animals, rock shelters are spaces protected by rocks and/or boulders, and pallets are depressions in the soil. The use of the various shelter types is related to their availability and climate. The number of burrows used, the extent of repetitive use, and the occurrence of burrow sharing are variable. Males tend to occupy deeper burrows than females. Seasonal trends in burrow use are influenced by desert tortoise gender and regional variation. Desert tortoise shelter sites are often associated with plant or rock cover.", "Freeway (song) \"Freeway\" is a 1952 jazz song composed by Chet Baker and recorded with the Gerry Mulligan Quartet. The song was released as part of an LP album and an EP single in the U.S. and a 45 single in the UK and France in 1952. \"Freeway\" was recorded in sessions on October 15-16, 1952 at Gold Star Studios in Los Angeles, California. The personnel were Chet Baker, trumpet; Gerry Mulligan, baritone sax; Bob Whitlock, bass; and Chico Hamilton, drums. The sessions were supervised by Richard Bock and Roy Harte. The song was released as part of a 7\", vinyl 45 picture sleeve EP single on Pacific Jazz Records. The song was also on the 10\" LP album released in 1952. The song inspired the title of the 2012 musical by Bryce Hallet and Tim Draxl based on the life and career of Chet Baker \"Freeway - The Chet Baker Journey\". The Tantillo Patti Quintet featuring Stefano Bagnoli has recorded \"Freeway\" on the 2013 album \"Rewind\". \"Freeway\" appears on the following albums: Tim Draxl recorded a version on his album \" My Funny Valentin\" released in 2012 on Fanfare Records."], "answer": {"text": "Team Raw would still go on and win the match, resulting in Angle keeping his job.", "answer_start": 114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a good manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle,", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the information?", "answer": {"text": "Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college.", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the reporter print this info?", "answer": {"text": "Angle then made the announcement that his (on-screen) son was Jason Jordan of American Alpha,", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he involved in any other scandals?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#8", "question": "which match did they win?", "rewrite": "which match did Angle win?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He soon signed on and was sent to wrestle in Ohio Valley Wrestling, WWE's then-developmental territory, where he competed under the ring name Inspector Max Impact. After a few non-televised matches before Raw in 2003 and 2004, Wiese was promoted to World Wrestling Entertainment's main roster in April 2004 under the name Luther Reigns, where he became the \"assistant\" to then-SmackDown! general manager Kurt Angle. Reigns later made his in-ring debut at The Great American Bash by defeating Charlie Haas, a former member of Kurt Angle's team, with whom Angle was feuding at the time. In September, Reigns and Angle introduced the newly drafted Mark Jindrak as a new member of their team during their tag team match against Big Show and Eddie Guerrero. This led to a four-month feud with Big Show. Reigns and Jindrak then formed a new Team Angle with Angle as the leader. From September 2004 until mid-February 2005, Reigns and Jindrak helped Angle win most of his matches as well as dealing with his enemies. Reigns and Jindrak also began to compete for the Tag Team Championship on occasion. However, the faction split in mid-February as Reigns and Jindrak went off on their own to feud with The Undertaker. On the February 17 episode of \"SmackDown!\", Undertaker defeated Jindrak, after which Reigns smashed a television camera over Undertaker's head. On February 20, Wiese wrestled against The Undertaker at No Way Out. Jindrak was thrown out before the match started and although Reigns managed to hold his own, Undertaker ultimately won the match. Following this, the team of Reigns and Jindrak began to have a falling-out. Reigns became upset at Jindrak for tapping out in a \"Double Jeopardy\" handicap match against the Undertaker on the February 24 edition of \"SmackDown!\" when Reigns refused to tag in.", "At Destination X, Booker T lost the TNA Legends Championship to A.J. Styles while Sting retained the TNA World Heavyweight Championship against Angle with Jeff Jarrett as the special guest referee and Mick Foley was the special guest enforcer. At Lockdown, Sting lost the TNA World Heavyweight Championship to Mick Foley and the rest of the Main Event Mafia (Nash, Steiner, Booker T and Angle) lost to Team Jarrett, which consisted of Jeff Jarrett, Samoa Joe, A.J. Styles and Christopher Daniels. At Sacrifice, Sting pinned Angle in an Ultimate Sacrifice match also involving Mick Foley and Jeff Jarrett to become the new Godfather of the Main Event Mafia. Sting immediately made his new leadership felt, as on the May 28, 2009, edition of \"TNA Impact!\", he dismissed Sharmell, Jenna Morasca and Angle's security men Big Rocco and Sally Boy from the alliance as part of his new leadership. Rocco and Sally promptly signed on to be Mick Foley's security the following week. Heading into Slammiversary, Matt Morgan expressed his wishes to join the Mafia. This would lead to Angle facing Morgan in a singles match on \"TNA Impact!\" which Angle would win. After the match Angle shook Morgan's hand showing that he would want him in the MEM. On the following weeks \"TNA Impact!\" during a King of the Mountain qualification match between Angle and Sting, Morgan interfered helping Angle win. After the match Angle gave out to Morgan for helping him win. Morgan would go on and ask Sting to let him become a member of the MEM. Sting agreed to a match at Slammiversary against Morgan where if Morgan won he could join the group. Sting went on to defeat Morgan at the pay-per-view.", "Later that night, Paul Heyman announced that Brock Lesnar and Big Show would wrestle in a Royal Rumble qualification match at the Royal Rumble. On the January 6 episode of \"Raw\", Chris Jericho and Shawn Michaels argued over who would be drawing #1 entry in the Royal Rumble match. On the January 13 episode of \"Raw\", a Royal Rumble qualification match took place in which Jeff Hardy defeated Raven. Later that night, Jericho defeated Batista, Kane and Rob Van Dam in an over the top rope Challenge to earn the right choose an entry number of his choice. Jericho chose #2 because #1 was already given to Michaels. The main feud heading into the event from the SmackDown brand was between Kurt Angle and Chris Benoit over the WWE Championship. At Armageddon, Angle defeated Big Show after interference from Brock Lesnar, to win his third WWE Championship. Prior to the event, Angle had promised Lesnar that he would get his suspension lifted if he had helped Angle in defeating Big Show. Angle had also promised to give Lesnar the first title shot after winning the championship. However, despite helping Angle win the title, Lesnar was not given his title shot as on the December 19 episode of \"SmackDown\", Angle announced that he had hired Paul Heyman as his manager and that the two had conspired to get Lesnar reinstated just prior to Armageddon, only to reinforce a stipulation that Heyman had written into Lesnar's contract that he would not receive a title shot if he had lost to Heyman's other client, Big Show, at Survivor Series. Instead, Angle signed to defend against Big Show, who was irate about being used by Heyman and Angle, but went along due to promises made to him by Heyman.", "Northern Kimberley The Northern Kimberley, an interim Australian bioregion, is located in the northern Kimberley region of Western Australia, comprising . It is composed of two recognised sub-regions: Mitchell and Berkeley subregions.", "At Slammiversary, Joe betrayed A.J. Styles and turned on all the fans by helping Kurt Angle win the TNA World Heavyweight Championship in the King of the Mountain match, and thus turned heel. On the June 25 episode of \"Impact!\", Joe officially joined The Main Event Mafia after having spent the last five months taking them out. This was revealed by Angle, to be a master plan to fool the TNA Frontline and the attacks were all planned by Joe and the Mafia in advance. Joe then went on to explain that he joined the Mafia for the money that was invested by Jenna Morasca and for the power and also debuted a new rap themed, entrance music. Throughout the night, he carried out attacks with the Mafia on Styles and Daniels and the leader of the Mafia, Sting, who was kicked out of the Mafia as leader and once again replaced with Kurt Angle. At Victory Road, Joe faced Sting in a grudge match. Late in the match, Taz made his TNA debut and helped Joe beat Sting, thus revealing himself as his new adviser. At Hard Justice Joe defeated Homicide to win the X Division title for the fourth time. After winning this title, Joe feuded with his longtime rival Daniels and defeated him at No Surrender. On the October 8 edition of \"Impact!\" Joe lost the X Division title to Amazing Red after Bobby Lashley interfered in the match. At Bound for Glory Lashley defeated Joe in a submission match with a referee stoppage. On the following edition of \"Impact!\" Kurt Angle turned into a fan favorite, thus signaling the end of the Main Event Mafia. The following month at Turning Point Joe unsuccessfully challenged TNA World Heavyweight Champion A.J. Styles for the title in a three-way match, also involving Daniels."], "answer": {"text": "Survivor Series,", "answer_start": 1576}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a good manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle,", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the information?", "answer": {"text": "Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college.", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the reporter print this info?", "answer": {"text": "Angle then made the announcement that his (on-screen) son was Jason Jordan of American Alpha,", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he involved in any other scandals?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was angle fired?", "answer": {"text": "Team Raw would still go on and win the match, resulting in Angle keeping his job.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4e1de641a6340758feeb8d3cfa2117c_1_q#9", "question": "Who did they win against?", "rewrite": "Who did Angle win against in Survivor Series?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Following Taboo Tuesday, the storyline between John Cena and Kurt Angle continued. A match was scheduled in which Cena would defend WWE Championship against Angle at November's pay-per-view event Survivor Series. In the scripted feud, Angle refused to compete in the November 7 episode of \"Raw\" due to the \"you suck\" chants from the audience. Angle finally agreed to compete that night when Eric Bischoff censored the crowd and let him have a special guest referee for his title rematch against Cena; Angle chose Daivari to be the guest referee. Before their scheduled rematch, Daivari's officiating was unfair and biased towards Angle's opponents. At Survivor Series, Cena went on to defeat Angle to retain his title. The storyline angle between Triple H and Ric Flair also continued at Survivor Series, where they were scheduled in a match the wrestler who was unable to respond to a ten count by the referee would lose. Triple H defeated Flair at Survivor Series after Flair was unable to respond to a ten count. The feud between the Raw and SmackDown! brands continued with Eric Bischoff and Theodore Long deciding on a 5-on-5 elimination match and a singles match between the two at Survivor Series. The teams feuded on both programs. At Survivor Series, Team SmackDown! (Batista, Rey Mysterio, JBL, Bobby Lashley, and Randy Orton) defeated Team Raw (Shawn Michaels, Kane, The Big Show, Carlito, and Chris Masters) and Long defeated Bischoff. The iPayOne Center usually can accommodate 14,000, but the capacity was reduced for the event. It also received 174,000 pay-per-view buys, which was the same amount as the previous year's Taboo Tuesday.", "Following the assault, Rikishi revealed that Rock knew about the attack and had given Rikishi, the keys of the truck to run down Austin at previous year's Survivor Series event. On the November 2 episode of \"SmackDown\", Rikishi cost Rock, a title shot for the WWF Championship against Kurt Angle. On the November 9 episode of \"SmackDown\", the WWF Commissioner Mick Foley announced that Rikishi and Rock would wrestle in a match at Survivor Series, which Rock won. On the other hand, Austin took on Angle and Rikishi in a Handicap match on the November 6 episode of \"Raw is War\". Angle and Rikishi assaulted Austin throughout the match until Triple H interfered to rescue Austin by forcing Angle and Rikishi to retreat. Triple H followed by assaulting Austin with a sledgehammer and thus was revealed to be the mastermind behind Austin's attack at Survivor Series. As a result, on the November 9 episode of \"SmackDown\", Mick Foley announced that Triple H would wrestle Austin at Survivor Series. The match would become a No Disqualification match. It resulted in a no contest when Triple H tried to run down Austin with his car but Austin picked up the car and dropped it on the concrete floor. On the November 9 episode of \"SmackDown\", The Undertaker defeated Chris Jericho, Kane and Chris Benoit in a Fatal Four-Way match to become the number one contender for the WWF Championship at Survivor Series. At Survivor Series, Kurt Angle defeated Undertaker to retain the title, after interference by his legitimate brother Eric Angle. The next night on Raw is War , The Hardy Boyz dressed as the Los Conquistadores defeated Edge in a handicap match after Christian was taken out backstage to regain the WWF Tag Team Championship.", "Survivor Series match The Survivor Series match is a professional wrestling elimination match held in the WWE. The match sees two teams pitted against each other, and as each member of the team is eliminated, the match continues until one entire team is eliminated. Although the matches typically see 4 or 5 people per team, there have been as many as 10 on a team, and as few as 1 on a team. The matches are held annually during the Survivor Series pay-per-view. The 1998 and 2002 events are the only Survivor Series events without a Survivor Series match. Through the 2018 Survivor Series there have been 83 Survivor Series matches, of which only 7 have included women. The shortest match was a 1 on 4 match which saw Big Show eliminate Big Boss Man, Mideon, Prince Albert and Viscera in 1:26. 2016 saw the only Survivor Series match to last over 50 minutes. In 2001 following WWF's acquisition of World Championship Wrestling, the Survivor Series match featured WWF against The Alliance. During 2003 and 2004 with the WWE brand extension, the event saw each Raw and SmackDown having their own match. In 2005 and 2008, there was only one match which saw Raw against SmackDown. However, 2016, 2017, and 2018 saw the Raw against SmackDown format return, with one men's, one men's tag team (except 2017) and one women's. 2009 featured the first women's Survivor Series match, since 1995. After several years of no women's Survivor Series matches, in 2013, there was the third woman's match. 2014 featured an additional women's match. From 2016-2018 there was a women's Raw vs SmackDown match.", "Survivor Series (2004)  Survivor Series (2004) was the 18th annual Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on November 14, 2004, at the Gund Arena in Cleveland, Ohio and starred talent from both the Raw and SmackDown! brands. The main match on the Raw brand was a 4 on 4 Survivor Series match between Team Orton (Randy Orton, Chris Benoit, Chris Jericho, and Maven) and Team Triple H (World Heavyweight Champion Triple H, Edge, Batista, and Snitsky), which Team Orton won after Orton last eliminated Triple H. The predominant match on the SmackDown! brand was John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield (JBL) versus Booker T for the WWE Championship, which JBL won by pinfall after hitting Booker with the title belt. The primary match on the undercard was a 4 on 4 Survivor Series match between Team Guerrero (Eddie Guerrero, The Big Show, Rob Van Dam, and John Cena) and Team Angle (Kurt Angle, Carlito, Luther Reigns and Mark Jindrak), which Team Guerrero won after Big Show last eliminated Angle. Several of the existing feuds carried on following the event. Triple H continued feuding with Randy Orton, and at New Year's Revolution in January, Triple H last eliminated Orton in an Elimination Chamber match to win the vacant World Heavyweight Championship. John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield also continued his feud with Booker T, defeating him, Eddie Guerrero, and The Undertaker at Armageddon. Following the event, Carlito sustained a legitimate injury and lost the WWE United States Championship to John Cena, with whom he was in a storyline. The event featured seven professional wrestling matches with outcomes predetermined by WWE script writers.", "Survivor Series (1987)  Survivor Series (1987) was the first Survivor Series professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It took place on Thanksgiving Night, November 26, 1987, and was held at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio. The main event was a Survivor Series match where Andr\u00e9 the Giant's team defeated Hulk Hogan's team when Andr\u00e9 eliminated Hogan's team member Bam Bam Bigelow to become the first lone survivor in the history of the Survivor Series. The entire undercard featured Survivor Series matches which included Randy Savage's team defeating The Honky Tonk Man's team and The Fabulous Moolah's team defeating Sensational Sherri's team. The event also featured a 10 tag team elimination match in which Strike Force and their teammates defeated The Hart Foundation's team. The event was added after WrestleMania III, to market the success from Hulk Hogan and Andr\u00e9 the Giant's rivalry. Vince McMahon threatened cable companies who aired the NWA's Starrcade (which was going head-to-head with Survivor Series on Thanksgiving night, 1987) instead of Survivor Series would not be allowed to broadcast WrestleMania IV. Most cable providers gave into McMahon's threat and only a handful aired Starrcade. The main feud heading into Survivor Series included Andr\u00e9 the Giant, One Man Gang, King Kong Bundy, Butch Reed and Rick Rude against Hulk Hogan, Paul Orndorff, Don Muraco, Ken Patera and Bam Bam Bigelow. In January 1987, Hogan was awarded a trophy for his third year as WWF World Heavyweight Champion while Hogan's best friend Andr\u00e9 was awarded a smaller trophy than Hogan's, for being undefeated in WWF for 15 years. Hogan congratulated his friend and said that Andr\u00e9 was the real champion of superstars all around the world."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Angle a general manager at?", "answer": {"text": "Raw.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his job responsibilities?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he a good manager?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what are some interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Angle was informed by Raw commentator Corey Graves about some \"scandalous information\" that was sent to him about Angle,", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the information?", "answer": {"text": "Angle revealed that he had a son with a woman he dated in college.", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the reporter print this info?", "answer": {"text": "Angle then made the announcement that his (on-screen) son was Jason Jordan of American Alpha,", "answer_start": 745, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he involved in any other scandals?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was angle fired?", "answer": {"text": "Team Raw would still go on and win the match, resulting in Angle keeping his job.", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "which match did they win?", "answer": {"text": "Survivor Series,", "answer_start": 1576, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c9810d7290dd43398641f539494c4568_1_q#0", "question": "Where was William Styron born?", "rewrite": "Where was William Styron born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha\u2019s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \"Reading My Father,\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical depression. The book was published by Scribner to strong reviews. In \"The New York Times\" Book Review, James Campbell described the book as \u201cbrilliant and shocking.\u201d \"Reading My Father\" was nominated for the \"L.A. Times\" book award and long-listed for \"The New York Times\" bestseller list. Styron is a professor in the MFA Creative Writing program at Hunter College in New York City.", "political and moral community\" (the oft-cited formulation of Simone Gigliotti). The controversy to which Math\u00e9 is specifically referring arises from a thematic analysis which\u2014in apparent strong consensus (e.g., see Rosenfeld's 1979 work, \"The Holocaust According to William Styron\")\u2014has Styron, through the novel, his interviews, and essays: that is, it has him insisting on seeing Auschwitz in particular in more universal terms as \"a murderous thrust against 'the entire human family.' \" Styron further extends his argument, again with controversy: Speaking of Styron's views as set forth in the novel and his nonfiction work, Rosenfeld refers to them as \"revisionist views\" that \"culminate in \"Sophie's Choice\"\" with an aim to \"take the Holocaust out of Jewish and Christian history and place it within a generalized history of evil\", and it is this specific revisionist thrust that is the substance of the novel's initial and persisting ability to engender controversy. In 2002, Styron received the Auschwitz Jewish Center Foundation's Witness to Justice Award. \"Sophie's Choice\" has been banned in some high schools in the United States. For instance, the book was pulled from the La Mirada High School Library in California by the Norwalk-La Mirada High School District in 2002 because of a parent's complaint about its sexual content. However, a year after students protested and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sent a letter to the school district requesting that the district reverse its actions, students were again given access to the book in the school library. The novel was made into a film of the same name in the United States, in 1982.", "Darkness Visible (memoir) Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness is a memoir by American writer William Styron about his descent into depression and the triumph of recovery. It is among the last books published by Styron and is widely considered one of his best and most influential works. \" Darkness Visible\" also helped raise awareness for depression, which was relatively unknown at the time. First published in December 1989 in \"Vanity Fair\", the book grew out of a lecture that Styron originally delivered at a symposium on affective disorders at the Department of Psychiatry of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Through the employment of anecdotes, speculation, and reportage, Styron reflects on the causes and effects of depression, drawing links between his own illness and that of other writers and public figures. In October 1985, American author William Styron travels to Paris to receive the \"Prix mondial Cino Del Duca,\" a prestigious literary award. During the trip, Styron's mental state begins to degenerate rapidly as the depressive symptoms that he has been experiencing for several months worsen. He tentatively concludes that his depression was brought about by his sudden withdrawal from years of alcoholism and exacerbated by his overdependence on Halcion, a prescription drug that he took to treat insomnia. Styron also briefly mentions his own father's battle with depression and his mother's premature death from breast cancer, both of which he believes could have also contributed to his deteriorated state of mind. As his depression becomes more severe, Styron seeks multiple treatment methods, including psychotherapy, consulting with a psychiatrist, and countless antidepressants, but to no avail. Initially, Styron is able to function better in the morning than in the afternoon and evening, but he soon struggles to even get out of bed.", "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia, the son of Pauline Margaret (Abraham) and William Clark Styron. He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history. His birthplace was less than a hundred miles from the site of Nat Turner's slave rebellion, later the source for Styron's most famous and controversial novel. Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations. Styron's childhood was a difficult one. His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience. His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease. Styron attended public school in Warwick County, first at Hilton School and then at Morrison High School (now known as Warwick High School) for two years, until his father sent him to Christchurch School, an Episcopal college-preparatory school in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Styron once said, \"But of all the schools I attended...only Christchurch ever commanded something more than mere respect--which is to say, my true and abiding affection.\" Upon graduation, Styron enrolled in Davidson College and joined Phi Delta Theta. By the age of eighteen he was reading the writers who would have a lasting influence on his vocation as a novelist and writer, especially Thomas Wolfe. Styron transferred to Duke University in 1943 as a part of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps V-12 program aimed at fast-tracking officer candidates by enrolling them simultaneously in basic training and bachelor's degree programs. There he published his first fiction, a short story heavily influenced by William Faulkner, in an anthology of student work.", "The longer one keeps his or her ailment a secret out of either shame, fear, or apathy, the lower his or her chances of recovery will be, and the more likely he or she will succumb to the condition's symptoms, especially suicide. Throughout the memoir, Styron discusses the effects of depression on the lives of several notable people, who range from accomplished authors such as Romain Gary (a close friend of Styron's), Randall Jarrell, Albert Camus, and Primo Levi (also a chemist and Holocaust survivor) to prominent political figures such as U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and activist Abbie Hoffman. Styron also mentions Jean Seberg, an American actress who experienced severe depression herself and who was also Romain Gary's second wife. Many of these individuals eventually committed suicide. Through the connections he draws between his own experience with depression and that of the public figures he analyzes, Styron deduces that people with creative tendencies are ultimately more vulnerable to the disorder. Styron also suggests alcohol withdrawal and prescription drug overdose as possible causes of depression. Upon learning of the significant amount of criticism and ignorance directed towards the suicide of Primo Levi, Styron wrote an op-ed for \"The New York Times\" in December 1988, maintaining that Levi ended his life not because of a lack of morality, but because of a real, dangerous illness that threatened the health and lives of many people. The op-ed garnered positive reception and compelled many readers to openly speak about their experiences with depression, ultimately inspiring Styron to begin documenting his own ordeal. In May 1989, William Styron delivered a lecture about his experience with depression at a symposium for affective disorders at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine."], "answer": {"text": "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c9810d7290dd43398641f539494c4568_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did William Styron grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha\u2019s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \"Reading My Father,\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical depression. The book was published by Scribner to strong reviews. In \"The New York Times\" Book Review, James Campbell described the book as \u201cbrilliant and shocking.\u201d \"Reading My Father\" was nominated for the \"L.A. Times\" book award and long-listed for \"The New York Times\" bestseller list. Styron is a professor in the MFA Creative Writing program at Hunter College in New York City.", "Darkness Visible (memoir) Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness is a memoir by American writer William Styron about his descent into depression and the triumph of recovery. It is among the last books published by Styron and is widely considered one of his best and most influential works. \" Darkness Visible\" also helped raise awareness for depression, which was relatively unknown at the time. First published in December 1989 in \"Vanity Fair\", the book grew out of a lecture that Styron originally delivered at a symposium on affective disorders at the Department of Psychiatry of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Through the employment of anecdotes, speculation, and reportage, Styron reflects on the causes and effects of depression, drawing links between his own illness and that of other writers and public figures. In October 1985, American author William Styron travels to Paris to receive the \"Prix mondial Cino Del Duca,\" a prestigious literary award. During the trip, Styron's mental state begins to degenerate rapidly as the depressive symptoms that he has been experiencing for several months worsen. He tentatively concludes that his depression was brought about by his sudden withdrawal from years of alcoholism and exacerbated by his overdependence on Halcion, a prescription drug that he took to treat insomnia. Styron also briefly mentions his own father's battle with depression and his mother's premature death from breast cancer, both of which he believes could have also contributed to his deteriorated state of mind. As his depression becomes more severe, Styron seeks multiple treatment methods, including psychotherapy, consulting with a psychiatrist, and countless antidepressants, but to no avail. Initially, Styron is able to function better in the morning than in the afternoon and evening, but he soon struggles to even get out of bed.", "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia, the son of Pauline Margaret (Abraham) and William Clark Styron. He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history. His birthplace was less than a hundred miles from the site of Nat Turner's slave rebellion, later the source for Styron's most famous and controversial novel. Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations. Styron's childhood was a difficult one. His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience. His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease. Styron attended public school in Warwick County, first at Hilton School and then at Morrison High School (now known as Warwick High School) for two years, until his father sent him to Christchurch School, an Episcopal college-preparatory school in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Styron once said, \"But of all the schools I attended...only Christchurch ever commanded something more than mere respect--which is to say, my true and abiding affection.\" Upon graduation, Styron enrolled in Davidson College and joined Phi Delta Theta. By the age of eighteen he was reading the writers who would have a lasting influence on his vocation as a novelist and writer, especially Thomas Wolfe. Styron transferred to Duke University in 1943 as a part of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps V-12 program aimed at fast-tracking officer candidates by enrolling them simultaneously in basic training and bachelor's degree programs. There he published his first fiction, a short story heavily influenced by William Faulkner, in an anthology of student work.", "political and moral community\" (the oft-cited formulation of Simone Gigliotti). The controversy to which Math\u00e9 is specifically referring arises from a thematic analysis which\u2014in apparent strong consensus (e.g., see Rosenfeld's 1979 work, \"The Holocaust According to William Styron\")\u2014has Styron, through the novel, his interviews, and essays: that is, it has him insisting on seeing Auschwitz in particular in more universal terms as \"a murderous thrust against 'the entire human family.' \" Styron further extends his argument, again with controversy: Speaking of Styron's views as set forth in the novel and his nonfiction work, Rosenfeld refers to them as \"revisionist views\" that \"culminate in \"Sophie's Choice\"\" with an aim to \"take the Holocaust out of Jewish and Christian history and place it within a generalized history of evil\", and it is this specific revisionist thrust that is the substance of the novel's initial and persisting ability to engender controversy. In 2002, Styron received the Auschwitz Jewish Center Foundation's Witness to Justice Award. \"Sophie's Choice\" has been banned in some high schools in the United States. For instance, the book was pulled from the La Mirada High School Library in California by the Norwalk-La Mirada High School District in 2002 because of a parent's complaint about its sexual content. However, a year after students protested and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sent a letter to the school district requesting that the district reverse its actions, students were again given access to the book in the school library. The novel was made into a film of the same name in the United States, in 1982.", "The longer one keeps his or her ailment a secret out of either shame, fear, or apathy, the lower his or her chances of recovery will be, and the more likely he or she will succumb to the condition's symptoms, especially suicide. Throughout the memoir, Styron discusses the effects of depression on the lives of several notable people, who range from accomplished authors such as Romain Gary (a close friend of Styron's), Randall Jarrell, Albert Camus, and Primo Levi (also a chemist and Holocaust survivor) to prominent political figures such as U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and activist Abbie Hoffman. Styron also mentions Jean Seberg, an American actress who experienced severe depression herself and who was also Romain Gary's second wife. Many of these individuals eventually committed suicide. Through the connections he draws between his own experience with depression and that of the public figures he analyzes, Styron deduces that people with creative tendencies are ultimately more vulnerable to the disorder. Styron also suggests alcohol withdrawal and prescription drug overdose as possible causes of depression. Upon learning of the significant amount of criticism and ignorance directed towards the suicide of Primo Levi, Styron wrote an op-ed for \"The New York Times\" in December 1988, maintaining that Levi ended his life not because of a lack of morality, but because of a real, dangerous illness that threatened the health and lives of many people. The op-ed garnered positive reception and compelled many readers to openly speak about their experiences with depression, ultimately inspiring Styron to begin documenting his own ordeal. In May 1989, William Styron delivered a lecture about his experience with depression at a symposium for affective disorders at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine."], "answer": {"text": "He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history.", "answer_start": 147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was William Styron born?", "answer": {"text": "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c9810d7290dd43398641f539494c4568_1_q#2", "question": "Did his family own slaves?", "rewrite": "Did William Styron family own slaves?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Darkness Visible (memoir) Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness is a memoir by American writer William Styron about his descent into depression and the triumph of recovery. It is among the last books published by Styron and is widely considered one of his best and most influential works. \" Darkness Visible\" also helped raise awareness for depression, which was relatively unknown at the time. First published in December 1989 in \"Vanity Fair\", the book grew out of a lecture that Styron originally delivered at a symposium on affective disorders at the Department of Psychiatry of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Through the employment of anecdotes, speculation, and reportage, Styron reflects on the causes and effects of depression, drawing links between his own illness and that of other writers and public figures. In October 1985, American author William Styron travels to Paris to receive the \"Prix mondial Cino Del Duca,\" a prestigious literary award. During the trip, Styron's mental state begins to degenerate rapidly as the depressive symptoms that he has been experiencing for several months worsen. He tentatively concludes that his depression was brought about by his sudden withdrawal from years of alcoholism and exacerbated by his overdependence on Halcion, a prescription drug that he took to treat insomnia. Styron also briefly mentions his own father's battle with depression and his mother's premature death from breast cancer, both of which he believes could have also contributed to his deteriorated state of mind. As his depression becomes more severe, Styron seeks multiple treatment methods, including psychotherapy, consulting with a psychiatrist, and countless antidepressants, but to no avail. Initially, Styron is able to function better in the morning than in the afternoon and evening, but he soon struggles to even get out of bed.", "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia, the son of Pauline Margaret (Abraham) and William Clark Styron. He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history. His birthplace was less than a hundred miles from the site of Nat Turner's slave rebellion, later the source for Styron's most famous and controversial novel. Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations. Styron's childhood was a difficult one. His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience. His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease. Styron attended public school in Warwick County, first at Hilton School and then at Morrison High School (now known as Warwick High School) for two years, until his father sent him to Christchurch School, an Episcopal college-preparatory school in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Styron once said, \"But of all the schools I attended...only Christchurch ever commanded something more than mere respect--which is to say, my true and abiding affection.\" Upon graduation, Styron enrolled in Davidson College and joined Phi Delta Theta. By the age of eighteen he was reading the writers who would have a lasting influence on his vocation as a novelist and writer, especially Thomas Wolfe. Styron transferred to Duke University in 1943 as a part of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps V-12 program aimed at fast-tracking officer candidates by enrolling them simultaneously in basic training and bachelor's degree programs. There he published his first fiction, a short story heavily influenced by William Faulkner, in an anthology of student work.", "The longer one keeps his or her ailment a secret out of either shame, fear, or apathy, the lower his or her chances of recovery will be, and the more likely he or she will succumb to the condition's symptoms, especially suicide. Throughout the memoir, Styron discusses the effects of depression on the lives of several notable people, who range from accomplished authors such as Romain Gary (a close friend of Styron's), Randall Jarrell, Albert Camus, and Primo Levi (also a chemist and Holocaust survivor) to prominent political figures such as U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and activist Abbie Hoffman. Styron also mentions Jean Seberg, an American actress who experienced severe depression herself and who was also Romain Gary's second wife. Many of these individuals eventually committed suicide. Through the connections he draws between his own experience with depression and that of the public figures he analyzes, Styron deduces that people with creative tendencies are ultimately more vulnerable to the disorder. Styron also suggests alcohol withdrawal and prescription drug overdose as possible causes of depression. Upon learning of the significant amount of criticism and ignorance directed towards the suicide of Primo Levi, Styron wrote an op-ed for \"The New York Times\" in December 1988, maintaining that Levi ended his life not because of a lack of morality, but because of a real, dangerous illness that threatened the health and lives of many people. The op-ed garnered positive reception and compelled many readers to openly speak about their experiences with depression, ultimately inspiring Styron to begin documenting his own ordeal. In May 1989, William Styron delivered a lecture about his experience with depression at a symposium for affective disorders at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.", "political and moral community\" (the oft-cited formulation of Simone Gigliotti). The controversy to which Math\u00e9 is specifically referring arises from a thematic analysis which\u2014in apparent strong consensus (e.g., see Rosenfeld's 1979 work, \"The Holocaust According to William Styron\")\u2014has Styron, through the novel, his interviews, and essays: that is, it has him insisting on seeing Auschwitz in particular in more universal terms as \"a murderous thrust against 'the entire human family.' \" Styron further extends his argument, again with controversy: Speaking of Styron's views as set forth in the novel and his nonfiction work, Rosenfeld refers to them as \"revisionist views\" that \"culminate in \"Sophie's Choice\"\" with an aim to \"take the Holocaust out of Jewish and Christian history and place it within a generalized history of evil\", and it is this specific revisionist thrust that is the substance of the novel's initial and persisting ability to engender controversy. In 2002, Styron received the Auschwitz Jewish Center Foundation's Witness to Justice Award. \"Sophie's Choice\" has been banned in some high schools in the United States. For instance, the book was pulled from the La Mirada High School Library in California by the Norwalk-La Mirada High School District in 2002 because of a parent's complaint about its sexual content. However, a year after students protested and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sent a letter to the school district requesting that the district reverse its actions, students were again given access to the book in the school library. The novel was made into a film of the same name in the United States, in 1982.", "Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha\u2019s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \"Reading My Father,\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical depression. The book was published by Scribner to strong reviews. In \"The New York Times\" Book Review, James Campbell described the book as \u201cbrilliant and shocking.\u201d \"Reading My Father\" was nominated for the \"L.A. Times\" book award and long-listed for \"The New York Times\" bestseller list. Styron is a professor in the MFA Creative Writing program at Hunter College in New York City."], "answer": {"text": "Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations.", "answer_start": 362}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was William Styron born?", "answer": {"text": "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c9810d7290dd43398641f539494c4568_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have a good childhood?", "rewrite": "Did William Styron have a good childhood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The longer one keeps his or her ailment a secret out of either shame, fear, or apathy, the lower his or her chances of recovery will be, and the more likely he or she will succumb to the condition's symptoms, especially suicide. Throughout the memoir, Styron discusses the effects of depression on the lives of several notable people, who range from accomplished authors such as Romain Gary (a close friend of Styron's), Randall Jarrell, Albert Camus, and Primo Levi (also a chemist and Holocaust survivor) to prominent political figures such as U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and activist Abbie Hoffman. Styron also mentions Jean Seberg, an American actress who experienced severe depression herself and who was also Romain Gary's second wife. Many of these individuals eventually committed suicide. Through the connections he draws between his own experience with depression and that of the public figures he analyzes, Styron deduces that people with creative tendencies are ultimately more vulnerable to the disorder. Styron also suggests alcohol withdrawal and prescription drug overdose as possible causes of depression. Upon learning of the significant amount of criticism and ignorance directed towards the suicide of Primo Levi, Styron wrote an op-ed for \"The New York Times\" in December 1988, maintaining that Levi ended his life not because of a lack of morality, but because of a real, dangerous illness that threatened the health and lives of many people. The op-ed garnered positive reception and compelled many readers to openly speak about their experiences with depression, ultimately inspiring Styron to begin documenting his own ordeal. In May 1989, William Styron delivered a lecture about his experience with depression at a symposium for affective disorders at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.", "Darkness Visible (memoir) Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness is a memoir by American writer William Styron about his descent into depression and the triumph of recovery. It is among the last books published by Styron and is widely considered one of his best and most influential works. \" Darkness Visible\" also helped raise awareness for depression, which was relatively unknown at the time. First published in December 1989 in \"Vanity Fair\", the book grew out of a lecture that Styron originally delivered at a symposium on affective disorders at the Department of Psychiatry of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Through the employment of anecdotes, speculation, and reportage, Styron reflects on the causes and effects of depression, drawing links between his own illness and that of other writers and public figures. In October 1985, American author William Styron travels to Paris to receive the \"Prix mondial Cino Del Duca,\" a prestigious literary award. During the trip, Styron's mental state begins to degenerate rapidly as the depressive symptoms that he has been experiencing for several months worsen. He tentatively concludes that his depression was brought about by his sudden withdrawal from years of alcoholism and exacerbated by his overdependence on Halcion, a prescription drug that he took to treat insomnia. Styron also briefly mentions his own father's battle with depression and his mother's premature death from breast cancer, both of which he believes could have also contributed to his deteriorated state of mind. As his depression becomes more severe, Styron seeks multiple treatment methods, including psychotherapy, consulting with a psychiatrist, and countless antidepressants, but to no avail. Initially, Styron is able to function better in the morning than in the afternoon and evening, but he soon struggles to even get out of bed.", "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia, the son of Pauline Margaret (Abraham) and William Clark Styron. He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history. His birthplace was less than a hundred miles from the site of Nat Turner's slave rebellion, later the source for Styron's most famous and controversial novel. Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations. Styron's childhood was a difficult one. His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience. His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease. Styron attended public school in Warwick County, first at Hilton School and then at Morrison High School (now known as Warwick High School) for two years, until his father sent him to Christchurch School, an Episcopal college-preparatory school in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Styron once said, \"But of all the schools I attended...only Christchurch ever commanded something more than mere respect--which is to say, my true and abiding affection.\" Upon graduation, Styron enrolled in Davidson College and joined Phi Delta Theta. By the age of eighteen he was reading the writers who would have a lasting influence on his vocation as a novelist and writer, especially Thomas Wolfe. Styron transferred to Duke University in 1943 as a part of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps V-12 program aimed at fast-tracking officer candidates by enrolling them simultaneously in basic training and bachelor's degree programs. There he published his first fiction, a short story heavily influenced by William Faulkner, in an anthology of student work.", "This was largely voluntary income donated by supporters (\u00a317.4m). A further \u00a3 9.95m was generated by the provision of children's services and \u00a310.82m from charity shops. Investments and other income contributed an additional \u00a30.24m. The Children's Society is known for it research into children's well-being. It seeks to provide the a national picture on how children feel about their lives by asking children themselves. Over the last 12 years the charity has surveyed over 60,000 children as to how they think their lives are going. In 2006 the charity commissioned an independent inquiry into modern childhood called The Good Childhood Inquiry. The rationale behind the inquiry was that, despite the 2003 Every Child Matters programme, unacceptable levels of disadvantage, poverty and social exclusion remained. The Inquiry's report, \"A Good Childhood: Searching for Values in a Competitive Age\", was published in 2009. It found that 'excessive individualism' is causing a range of problems for children today, including family break-up, teenage unkindness, unprincipled advertising, too much competition in education and acceptance of income inequality. The charity went on to develop the Good Childhood Index in 2010 to provide a measure of subjective well-being in relation to 10 aspects of life for children over the age of eight. It surveys children on topics including their appearance, school life and family relationships among others. Each year The Children's Society produces a report based on the index in partnership with the University of York called The Good Childhood Report. This data is used by the Office for National Statistics' Measuring National Well-being Programme as the life satisfaction measure of personal well-being for children. The 2016 Good Childhood Report showed \"a growing gap in happiness between girls and boys, with girls being particularly unhappy with their appearance\".", "Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha\u2019s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \"Reading My Father,\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical depression. The book was published by Scribner to strong reviews. In \"The New York Times\" Book Review, James Campbell described the book as \u201cbrilliant and shocking.\u201d \"Reading My Father\" was nominated for the \"L.A. Times\" book award and long-listed for \"The New York Times\" bestseller list. Styron is a professor in the MFA Creative Writing program at Hunter College in New York City."], "answer": {"text": "Styron's childhood was a difficult one.", "answer_start": 521}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was William Styron born?", "answer": {"text": "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his family own slaves?", "answer": {"text": "Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations.", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c9810d7290dd43398641f539494c4568_1_q#4", "question": "Why was his childhood difficult?", "rewrite": "Why the William Styron childhood was difficult?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Darkness Visible (memoir) Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness is a memoir by American writer William Styron about his descent into depression and the triumph of recovery. It is among the last books published by Styron and is widely considered one of his best and most influential works. \" Darkness Visible\" also helped raise awareness for depression, which was relatively unknown at the time. First published in December 1989 in \"Vanity Fair\", the book grew out of a lecture that Styron originally delivered at a symposium on affective disorders at the Department of Psychiatry of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Through the employment of anecdotes, speculation, and reportage, Styron reflects on the causes and effects of depression, drawing links between his own illness and that of other writers and public figures. In October 1985, American author William Styron travels to Paris to receive the \"Prix mondial Cino Del Duca,\" a prestigious literary award. During the trip, Styron's mental state begins to degenerate rapidly as the depressive symptoms that he has been experiencing for several months worsen. He tentatively concludes that his depression was brought about by his sudden withdrawal from years of alcoholism and exacerbated by his overdependence on Halcion, a prescription drug that he took to treat insomnia. Styron also briefly mentions his own father's battle with depression and his mother's premature death from breast cancer, both of which he believes could have also contributed to his deteriorated state of mind. As his depression becomes more severe, Styron seeks multiple treatment methods, including psychotherapy, consulting with a psychiatrist, and countless antidepressants, but to no avail. Initially, Styron is able to function better in the morning than in the afternoon and evening, but he soon struggles to even get out of bed.", "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia, the son of Pauline Margaret (Abraham) and William Clark Styron. He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history. His birthplace was less than a hundred miles from the site of Nat Turner's slave rebellion, later the source for Styron's most famous and controversial novel. Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations. Styron's childhood was a difficult one. His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience. His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease. Styron attended public school in Warwick County, first at Hilton School and then at Morrison High School (now known as Warwick High School) for two years, until his father sent him to Christchurch School, an Episcopal college-preparatory school in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Styron once said, \"But of all the schools I attended...only Christchurch ever commanded something more than mere respect--which is to say, my true and abiding affection.\" Upon graduation, Styron enrolled in Davidson College and joined Phi Delta Theta. By the age of eighteen he was reading the writers who would have a lasting influence on his vocation as a novelist and writer, especially Thomas Wolfe. Styron transferred to Duke University in 1943 as a part of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps V-12 program aimed at fast-tracking officer candidates by enrolling them simultaneously in basic training and bachelor's degree programs. There he published his first fiction, a short story heavily influenced by William Faulkner, in an anthology of student work.", "The longer one keeps his or her ailment a secret out of either shame, fear, or apathy, the lower his or her chances of recovery will be, and the more likely he or she will succumb to the condition's symptoms, especially suicide. Throughout the memoir, Styron discusses the effects of depression on the lives of several notable people, who range from accomplished authors such as Romain Gary (a close friend of Styron's), Randall Jarrell, Albert Camus, and Primo Levi (also a chemist and Holocaust survivor) to prominent political figures such as U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and activist Abbie Hoffman. Styron also mentions Jean Seberg, an American actress who experienced severe depression herself and who was also Romain Gary's second wife. Many of these individuals eventually committed suicide. Through the connections he draws between his own experience with depression and that of the public figures he analyzes, Styron deduces that people with creative tendencies are ultimately more vulnerable to the disorder. Styron also suggests alcohol withdrawal and prescription drug overdose as possible causes of depression. Upon learning of the significant amount of criticism and ignorance directed towards the suicide of Primo Levi, Styron wrote an op-ed for \"The New York Times\" in December 1988, maintaining that Levi ended his life not because of a lack of morality, but because of a real, dangerous illness that threatened the health and lives of many people. The op-ed garnered positive reception and compelled many readers to openly speak about their experiences with depression, ultimately inspiring Styron to begin documenting his own ordeal. In May 1989, William Styron delivered a lecture about his experience with depression at a symposium for affective disorders at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.", "Kiesselbach's plexus  Kiesselbach's plexus, which lies in Kiesselbach's area, Kiesselbach's triangle, or Little's area, is a region in the anteroinferior part of the nasal septum where four arteries anastomose to form a vascular plexus. The arteries are:   It runs vertically downwards just behind the columella, crosses the floor of the nose and joins venous plexus on the lateral nasal wall. It is a common site for bleeding in young people. Ninety percent of nosebleeds (epistaxis) occur in Kiesselbach's plexus, as it is exposed to the drying effect of inspiratory currents and to finger nail trauma and is the usual site for nosebleeds in children and young adults. Kiesselbach's plexus is named after Wilhelm Kiesselbach (1839\u20131902), a German otolaryngologist who published a paper on the area in 1884. James L. Little, an American surgeon, first described the area in 1879. Little described the area as being \"about half an inch ... from the lower edge of the middle of the column [septum].\"", "Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha\u2019s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \"Reading My Father,\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical depression. The book was published by Scribner to strong reviews. In \"The New York Times\" Book Review, James Campbell described the book as \u201cbrilliant and shocking.\u201d \"Reading My Father\" was nominated for the \"L.A. Times\" book award and long-listed for \"The New York Times\" bestseller list. Styron is a professor in the MFA Creative Writing program at Hunter College in New York City."], "answer": {"text": "His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience.", "answer_start": 561}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was William Styron born?", "answer": {"text": "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his family own slaves?", "answer": {"text": "Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations.", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a good childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Styron's childhood was a difficult one.", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c9810d7290dd43398641f539494c4568_1_q#5", "question": "Was his mother around when he was a child?", "rewrite": "Was William Styron mother around when he was a child?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The longer one keeps his or her ailment a secret out of either shame, fear, or apathy, the lower his or her chances of recovery will be, and the more likely he or she will succumb to the condition's symptoms, especially suicide. Throughout the memoir, Styron discusses the effects of depression on the lives of several notable people, who range from accomplished authors such as Romain Gary (a close friend of Styron's), Randall Jarrell, Albert Camus, and Primo Levi (also a chemist and Holocaust survivor) to prominent political figures such as U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and activist Abbie Hoffman. Styron also mentions Jean Seberg, an American actress who experienced severe depression herself and who was also Romain Gary's second wife. Many of these individuals eventually committed suicide. Through the connections he draws between his own experience with depression and that of the public figures he analyzes, Styron deduces that people with creative tendencies are ultimately more vulnerable to the disorder. Styron also suggests alcohol withdrawal and prescription drug overdose as possible causes of depression. Upon learning of the significant amount of criticism and ignorance directed towards the suicide of Primo Levi, Styron wrote an op-ed for \"The New York Times\" in December 1988, maintaining that Levi ended his life not because of a lack of morality, but because of a real, dangerous illness that threatened the health and lives of many people. The op-ed garnered positive reception and compelled many readers to openly speak about their experiences with depression, ultimately inspiring Styron to begin documenting his own ordeal. In May 1989, William Styron delivered a lecture about his experience with depression at a symposium for affective disorders at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.", "Alexandra Styron Claire Alexandra Styron known as Alexandra Styron, is an American author and professor. Styron is the youngest child of author William Styron and poet and human rights activist Rose Burgunder. She grew up in Roxbury, Connecticut, and in Martha\u2019s Vineyard. Styron attended Barnard College, and later the MFA Creative Writing program at Columbia University. After a brief stint as an actress, Styron turned to writing and is the author of several books. Her most-noted work, 2011 memoir \"Reading My Father,\" detailed her life growing up with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and explored his decades-long struggle with major clinical depression. The book was published by Scribner to strong reviews. In \"The New York Times\" Book Review, James Campbell described the book as \u201cbrilliant and shocking.\u201d \"Reading My Father\" was nominated for the \"L.A. Times\" book award and long-listed for \"The New York Times\" bestseller list. Styron is a professor in the MFA Creative Writing program at Hunter College in New York City.", "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia, the son of Pauline Margaret (Abraham) and William Clark Styron. He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history. His birthplace was less than a hundred miles from the site of Nat Turner's slave rebellion, later the source for Styron's most famous and controversial novel. Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations. Styron's childhood was a difficult one. His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience. His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease. Styron attended public school in Warwick County, first at Hilton School and then at Morrison High School (now known as Warwick High School) for two years, until his father sent him to Christchurch School, an Episcopal college-preparatory school in the Tidewater region of Virginia. Styron once said, \"But of all the schools I attended...only Christchurch ever commanded something more than mere respect--which is to say, my true and abiding affection.\" Upon graduation, Styron enrolled in Davidson College and joined Phi Delta Theta. By the age of eighteen he was reading the writers who would have a lasting influence on his vocation as a novelist and writer, especially Thomas Wolfe. Styron transferred to Duke University in 1943 as a part of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps V-12 program aimed at fast-tracking officer candidates by enrolling them simultaneously in basic training and bachelor's degree programs. There he published his first fiction, a short story heavily influenced by William Faulkner, in an anthology of student work.", "political and moral community\" (the oft-cited formulation of Simone Gigliotti). The controversy to which Math\u00e9 is specifically referring arises from a thematic analysis which\u2014in apparent strong consensus (e.g., see Rosenfeld's 1979 work, \"The Holocaust According to William Styron\")\u2014has Styron, through the novel, his interviews, and essays: that is, it has him insisting on seeing Auschwitz in particular in more universal terms as \"a murderous thrust against 'the entire human family.' \" Styron further extends his argument, again with controversy: Speaking of Styron's views as set forth in the novel and his nonfiction work, Rosenfeld refers to them as \"revisionist views\" that \"culminate in \"Sophie's Choice\"\" with an aim to \"take the Holocaust out of Jewish and Christian history and place it within a generalized history of evil\", and it is this specific revisionist thrust that is the substance of the novel's initial and persisting ability to engender controversy. In 2002, Styron received the Auschwitz Jewish Center Foundation's Witness to Justice Award. \"Sophie's Choice\" has been banned in some high schools in the United States. For instance, the book was pulled from the La Mirada High School Library in California by the Norwalk-La Mirada High School District in 2002 because of a parent's complaint about its sexual content. However, a year after students protested and the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sent a letter to the school district requesting that the district reverse its actions, students were again given access to the book in the school library. The novel was made into a film of the same name in the United States, in 1982.", "Darkness Visible (memoir) Darkness Visible: A Memoir of Madness is a memoir by American writer William Styron about his descent into depression and the triumph of recovery. It is among the last books published by Styron and is widely considered one of his best and most influential works. \" Darkness Visible\" also helped raise awareness for depression, which was relatively unknown at the time. First published in December 1989 in \"Vanity Fair\", the book grew out of a lecture that Styron originally delivered at a symposium on affective disorders at the Department of Psychiatry of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Through the employment of anecdotes, speculation, and reportage, Styron reflects on the causes and effects of depression, drawing links between his own illness and that of other writers and public figures. In October 1985, American author William Styron travels to Paris to receive the \"Prix mondial Cino Del Duca,\" a prestigious literary award. During the trip, Styron's mental state begins to degenerate rapidly as the depressive symptoms that he has been experiencing for several months worsen. He tentatively concludes that his depression was brought about by his sudden withdrawal from years of alcoholism and exacerbated by his overdependence on Halcion, a prescription drug that he took to treat insomnia. Styron also briefly mentions his own father's battle with depression and his mother's premature death from breast cancer, both of which he believes could have also contributed to his deteriorated state of mind. As his depression becomes more severe, Styron seeks multiple treatment methods, including psychotherapy, consulting with a psychiatrist, and countless antidepressants, but to no avail. Initially, Styron is able to function better in the morning than in the afternoon and evening, but he soon struggles to even get out of bed."], "answer": {"text": "His mother died from breast cancer in 1939 when Styron was still a boy, following her decade-long battle with the disease.", "answer_start": 674}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was William Styron born?", "answer": {"text": "Styron was born in the Hilton Village historic district of Newport News, Virginia,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in the South and was steeped in its history.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his family own slaves?", "answer": {"text": "Although Styron's paternal grandparents had been slave owners, his Northern mother and liberal Southern father gave him a broad perspective on race relations.", "answer_start": 362, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a good childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Styron's childhood was a difficult one.", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was his childhood difficult?", "answer": {"text": "His father, a shipyard engineer, suffered from clinical depression, which Styron himself would later experience.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "As official archivist, Field cataloged and authenticated thousands of Dal\u00ed works, traveling to Europe over 40 times and gaining access to privately owned pieces by presenting letters signed by Dal\u00ed himself. During Dal\u00ed's sojourns at the St. Regis Hotel in New York between the 1950s and 1970s, Field routinely observed the artist confirm or deny the authenticity of pieces brought before him. Ian Gibson describes Field by 1963 as \"a seasoned habitu\u00e9 of Dali's Sunday court at the King Cole Bar\" with \"privileged status as a friend and collaborator.\" Over time, Field began to focus primarily on Dal\u00ed prints, and his expertise in authentication was regularly utilized by interested individuals, museums and auction houses including Christie's and Sotheby's. Field participated in over 20 art fraud investigations during his career and testified in court as an expert witness. In 1996, Field published \"The Official Catalog of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali\", a reference of virtually all of Dal\u00ed's authentic prints, as well as numerous fakes. A large portion of his collection of Dal\u00ed books, works and other materials were donated to the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. This collection includes \"Landscape\" (c. 1910), arguably the earliest known oil painting by Dal\u00ed. Albert Field spent the later part of his life in Astoria, Queens, New York. He was a member of the Oratorio Society of New York for 53 years, singing bass with the group. He also attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. In or around 1972, Field completed hiking the Appalachian Trail and published an account of his experiences in the 1975 book, \"Hiking the Appalachian Trail, Volume One.\" He was Executive Director of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference from 1977 to 1980.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes."], "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#1", "question": "Did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Salvador Dali have any siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "As official archivist, Field cataloged and authenticated thousands of Dal\u00ed works, traveling to Europe over 40 times and gaining access to privately owned pieces by presenting letters signed by Dal\u00ed himself. During Dal\u00ed's sojourns at the St. Regis Hotel in New York between the 1950s and 1970s, Field routinely observed the artist confirm or deny the authenticity of pieces brought before him. Ian Gibson describes Field by 1963 as \"a seasoned habitu\u00e9 of Dali's Sunday court at the King Cole Bar\" with \"privileged status as a friend and collaborator.\" Over time, Field began to focus primarily on Dal\u00ed prints, and his expertise in authentication was regularly utilized by interested individuals, museums and auction houses including Christie's and Sotheby's. Field participated in over 20 art fraud investigations during his career and testified in court as an expert witness. In 1996, Field published \"The Official Catalog of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali\", a reference of virtually all of Dal\u00ed's authentic prints, as well as numerous fakes. A large portion of his collection of Dal\u00ed books, works and other materials were donated to the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. This collection includes \"Landscape\" (c. 1910), arguably the earliest known oil painting by Dal\u00ed. Albert Field spent the later part of his life in Astoria, Queens, New York. He was a member of the Oratorio Society of New York for 53 years, singing bass with the group. He also attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. In or around 1972, Field completed hiking the Appalachian Trail and published an account of his experiences in the 1975 book, \"Hiking the Appalachian Trail, Volume One.\" He was Executive Director of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference from 1977 to 1980."], "answer": {"text": "older brother,", "answer_start": 346}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#2", "question": "Any sisters?", "rewrite": "Did Salvador Dali have any sisters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "As official archivist, Field cataloged and authenticated thousands of Dal\u00ed works, traveling to Europe over 40 times and gaining access to privately owned pieces by presenting letters signed by Dal\u00ed himself. During Dal\u00ed's sojourns at the St. Regis Hotel in New York between the 1950s and 1970s, Field routinely observed the artist confirm or deny the authenticity of pieces brought before him. Ian Gibson describes Field by 1963 as \"a seasoned habitu\u00e9 of Dali's Sunday court at the King Cole Bar\" with \"privileged status as a friend and collaborator.\" Over time, Field began to focus primarily on Dal\u00ed prints, and his expertise in authentication was regularly utilized by interested individuals, museums and auction houses including Christie's and Sotheby's. Field participated in over 20 art fraud investigations during his career and testified in court as an expert witness. In 1996, Field published \"The Official Catalog of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali\", a reference of virtually all of Dal\u00ed's authentic prints, as well as numerous fakes. A large portion of his collection of Dal\u00ed books, works and other materials were donated to the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. This collection includes \"Landscape\" (c. 1910), arguably the earliest known oil painting by Dal\u00ed. Albert Field spent the later part of his life in Astoria, Queens, New York. He was a member of the Oratorio Society of New York for 53 years, singing bass with the group. He also attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. In or around 1972, Field completed hiking the Appalachian Trail and published an account of his experiences in the 1975 book, \"Hiking the Appalachian Trail, Volume One.\" He was Executive Director of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference from 1977 to 1980.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting."], "answer": {"text": "Anna Maria,", "answer_start": 1187}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "older brother,", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#3", "question": "Where did Dali go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Salvador Dali go to school?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "As official archivist, Field cataloged and authenticated thousands of Dal\u00ed works, traveling to Europe over 40 times and gaining access to privately owned pieces by presenting letters signed by Dal\u00ed himself. During Dal\u00ed's sojourns at the St. Regis Hotel in New York between the 1950s and 1970s, Field routinely observed the artist confirm or deny the authenticity of pieces brought before him. Ian Gibson describes Field by 1963 as \"a seasoned habitu\u00e9 of Dali's Sunday court at the King Cole Bar\" with \"privileged status as a friend and collaborator.\" Over time, Field began to focus primarily on Dal\u00ed prints, and his expertise in authentication was regularly utilized by interested individuals, museums and auction houses including Christie's and Sotheby's. Field participated in over 20 art fraud investigations during his career and testified in court as an expert witness. In 1996, Field published \"The Official Catalog of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali\", a reference of virtually all of Dal\u00ed's authentic prints, as well as numerous fakes. A large portion of his collection of Dal\u00ed books, works and other materials were donated to the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. This collection includes \"Landscape\" (c. 1910), arguably the earliest known oil painting by Dal\u00ed. Albert Field spent the later part of his life in Astoria, Queens, New York. He was a member of the Oratorio Society of New York for 53 years, singing bass with the group. He also attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. In or around 1972, Field completed hiking the Appalachian Trail and published an account of his experiences in the 1975 book, \"Hiking the Appalachian Trail, Volume One.\" He was Executive Director of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference from 1977 to 1980.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes."], "answer": {"text": "Dali attended drawing school.", "answer_start": 1493}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "older brother,", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Anna Maria,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#4", "question": "Did Dali have a good relationship with his parents?", "rewrite": "Did Salvador Dali have a good relationship with his parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "As official archivist, Field cataloged and authenticated thousands of Dal\u00ed works, traveling to Europe over 40 times and gaining access to privately owned pieces by presenting letters signed by Dal\u00ed himself. During Dal\u00ed's sojourns at the St. Regis Hotel in New York between the 1950s and 1970s, Field routinely observed the artist confirm or deny the authenticity of pieces brought before him. Ian Gibson describes Field by 1963 as \"a seasoned habitu\u00e9 of Dali's Sunday court at the King Cole Bar\" with \"privileged status as a friend and collaborator.\" Over time, Field began to focus primarily on Dal\u00ed prints, and his expertise in authentication was regularly utilized by interested individuals, museums and auction houses including Christie's and Sotheby's. Field participated in over 20 art fraud investigations during his career and testified in court as an expert witness. In 1996, Field published \"The Official Catalog of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali\", a reference of virtually all of Dal\u00ed's authentic prints, as well as numerous fakes. A large portion of his collection of Dal\u00ed books, works and other materials were donated to the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. This collection includes \"Landscape\" (c. 1910), arguably the earliest known oil painting by Dal\u00ed. Albert Field spent the later part of his life in Astoria, Queens, New York. He was a member of the Oratorio Society of New York for 53 years, singing bass with the group. He also attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. In or around 1972, Field completed hiking the Appalachian Trail and published an account of his experiences in the 1975 book, \"Hiking the Appalachian Trail, Volume One.\" He was Executive Director of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference from 1977 to 1980."], "answer": {"text": "he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her...", "answer_start": 463}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "older brother,", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Anna Maria,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Dali go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Dali attended drawing school.", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#5", "question": "Was he close with his father?", "rewrite": "Was Salvador Dali close with his father?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "As official archivist, Field cataloged and authenticated thousands of Dal\u00ed works, traveling to Europe over 40 times and gaining access to privately owned pieces by presenting letters signed by Dal\u00ed himself. During Dal\u00ed's sojourns at the St. Regis Hotel in New York between the 1950s and 1970s, Field routinely observed the artist confirm or deny the authenticity of pieces brought before him. Ian Gibson describes Field by 1963 as \"a seasoned habitu\u00e9 of Dali's Sunday court at the King Cole Bar\" with \"privileged status as a friend and collaborator.\" Over time, Field began to focus primarily on Dal\u00ed prints, and his expertise in authentication was regularly utilized by interested individuals, museums and auction houses including Christie's and Sotheby's. Field participated in over 20 art fraud investigations during his career and testified in court as an expert witness. In 1996, Field published \"The Official Catalog of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali\", a reference of virtually all of Dal\u00ed's authentic prints, as well as numerous fakes. A large portion of his collection of Dal\u00ed books, works and other materials were donated to the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. This collection includes \"Landscape\" (c. 1910), arguably the earliest known oil painting by Dal\u00ed. Albert Field spent the later part of his life in Astoria, Queens, New York. He was a member of the Oratorio Society of New York for 53 years, singing bass with the group. He also attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. In or around 1972, Field completed hiking the Appalachian Trail and published an account of his experiences in the 1975 book, \"Hiking the Appalachian Trail, Volume One.\" He was Executive Director of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference from 1977 to 1980.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school."], "answer": {"text": "strict disciplinary", "answer_start": 562}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "older brother,", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Anna Maria,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Dali go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Dali attended drawing school.", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Dali have a good relationship with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her...", "answer_start": 463, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Salvador Dali's early life, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "Glassheart Tour The Glassheart Tour was the second headlining concert tour by British recording artist Leona Lewis. It was launched in support of her third studio album, \"Glassheart\" (2012). Announced on 8 October 2012, with an initial run of sixteen dates in the United Kingdom, the Glassheart Tour was extended to include five dates in Germany and one in Switzerland. English singer-songwriter Ryan Keen served as the support act. It marks the first time that Lewis has performed material in Europe as part of a headline tour; her previous tour The Labyrinth (2010), only visited the UK. Lewis was inspired by American hip hop artist and music producer Kanye West's style of performance and noted British playwright William Shakespeare as inspiration for the tour. Lewis performed the set list with her band which consisted mostly of a string quartet and acoustic song arrangements. It was the acoustic performances and Lewis' vocals that garnered the most praise from critics; however, there was a mixed reaction to some of the arrangements such as the reggae influences on \"Better in Time\". Critics were also divided over the lack of diversity from previous live performances though Lewis' stage presence was commended. Lewis released her third studio album \"Glassheart\" on 12 October 2012, almost a year after the original release date of November 2011. The album had been conceptualised in July 2010, following Lewis' completion of her first tour, The Labyrinth. The album title \"Glassheart\" was inspired from a conversation that Lewis had with Ryan Tedder. During the conversation, Tedder asked Lewis about her past experiences with love and life in general. Lewis' response led him to the word \"Glassheart.\" During an interview with Clyde 1 radio, Lewis said \"Glassheart represents protecting your heart, yourself and protecting your emotions, its very poignant\".", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting."], "answer": {"text": "Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis", "answer_start": 339}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "older brother,", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Anna Maria,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Dali go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Dali attended drawing school.", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Dali have a good relationship with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her...", "answer_start": 463, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he close with his father?", "answer": {"text": "strict disciplinary", "answer_start": 562, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6b3cf6c103be4cff822da0ceaebbd6b1_1_q#7", "question": "How old was his older brother when he died?", "rewrite": "How old was Salvador Dali's older brother when he died?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Living Still Life Living Still Life (French: Nature Morte Vivante) is a painting by the artist Salvador Dal\u00ed. Dali painted this piece during a period that he called \"Nuclear Mysticism\". Nuclear Mysticism is composed of different theories that try to show the relationships between quantum physics and the conscious mind. The different theories are composed of elements that range from \"Catalan philosophers\u201d to \"classicism, pop art, and nuclear physics\". The painting, done in 1956, currently resides at the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. The name \"Nature Morte Vivante\" translates in English to \"living still life\". It comes from the French \"nature morte\" which literally translates to \"dead nature\". By appending \"vivante\", which implies \"fast moving action and a certain lively quality\", Dali was essentially naming this piece \"dead nature in movement\". This plays into his theme of Nuclear Mysticism which combined elements of art, physics, and science. The theory, as well as the term, \"Nuclear Mysticism\" was coined by Dali himself. In the late 1940s and early 1950s Dali started to \"return to his Catholic roots following World War II\". Nuclear mysticism is composed of different theories by Dali that combine science, physics, math, and art. Post WWII, Dali became fascinated by the atom. Dali stated that after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb in Japan that it \"shook me [Dali] seismically\u201d and that the atom was his \"favorite food for thought\". Dali saw the beauty of the atom and was interested in the how the atom makes up everything. In this painting, Dali wanted to show the motion that all objects have, that although an object is still, it is always full of millions of atoms that are constantly in motion. He portrays this thought throughout his painting.", "Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech was born on 11 May 1904, at 8:45 am GMT, on the first floor of Carrer Monturiol, 20 (presently 6), in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain. In the summer of 1912, the family moved to the top floor of Carrer Monturiol 24 (presently 10). Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis nine months earlier, on 1 August 1903. His father, Salvador Dali i Cusi, was a middle-class lawyer and notary whose strict disciplinary approach was tempered by his wife, Felipa Domenech Ferres, who encouraged her son's artistic endeavors. When he was five, Dali was taken to his brother's grave and told by his parents that he was his brother's reincarnation, a concept which he came to believe. Of his brother, Dali said, \"[we] resembled each other like two drops of water, but we had different reflections.\" He \"was probably a first version of myself but conceived too much in the absolute.\" Images of his long-dead brother would reappear embedded in his later works, including Portrait of My Dead Brother (1963). Dali also had a sister, Anna Maria, who was three years younger. In 1949, she published a book about her brother, Dali as Seen by His Sister. His childhood friends included future FC Barcelona footballers Sagibarba and Josep Samitier. During holidays at the Catalan resort of Cadaques, the trio played football (soccer) together. Dali attended drawing school.", "Robert Descharnes Robert P. Descharnes (January 1, 1926\u2014February 15, 2014) was a French photographer, filmmaker, and author. He served as Salvador Dali's secretary and, after the painter's death, administrator of his copyright. He is the author of several books on Dali. Descharnes was born in Nevers on January 1, 1926. In 1950, he met Dali on a ship while he was the photographer. The two formed a close bond, and collaborated on the experimental film \" L'Aventure prodigieuse de la dentelli\u00e8re et du rhinoc\u00e9ros\", which was never released. He became Dali's personal secretary in 1981, and rescued him from a fire at his apartment in 1984. Descharnes collected over 60,000 negatives of Dali's daily life, a fraction of which Descharnes infrequently exhibited in art museums. For over 40 years, he fought to protect's Dali's legacy from forgeries and fakes. He wrote several reference books on the man's life and work. Descharnes was named a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2011. He died at the age of 88 at his home in Indre-et-Loire on February 18, 2014. Descharnes is regarded by some Dali experts as a controversial figure. His claims regarding the authenticity of some of Dali's late works have been questioned, as Ian Gibson notes in his definitive biography of the painter,\"The Shameful Life of Salvador Dali.\" Of far greater concern was Descharnes's role in persuading the elderly, infirm painter to transfer his copyright, in 1986, for a period of 20 years to a company managed by Descharnes.", "As official archivist, Field cataloged and authenticated thousands of Dal\u00ed works, traveling to Europe over 40 times and gaining access to privately owned pieces by presenting letters signed by Dal\u00ed himself. During Dal\u00ed's sojourns at the St. Regis Hotel in New York between the 1950s and 1970s, Field routinely observed the artist confirm or deny the authenticity of pieces brought before him. Ian Gibson describes Field by 1963 as \"a seasoned habitu\u00e9 of Dali's Sunday court at the King Cole Bar\" with \"privileged status as a friend and collaborator.\" Over time, Field began to focus primarily on Dal\u00ed prints, and his expertise in authentication was regularly utilized by interested individuals, museums and auction houses including Christie's and Sotheby's. Field participated in over 20 art fraud investigations during his career and testified in court as an expert witness. In 1996, Field published \"The Official Catalog of the Graphic Works of Salvador Dali\", a reference of virtually all of Dal\u00ed's authentic prints, as well as numerous fakes. A large portion of his collection of Dal\u00ed books, works and other materials were donated to the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. This collection includes \"Landscape\" (c. 1910), arguably the earliest known oil painting by Dal\u00ed. Albert Field spent the later part of his life in Astoria, Queens, New York. He was a member of the Oratorio Society of New York for 53 years, singing bass with the group. He also attained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Civil Air Patrol. In or around 1972, Field completed hiking the Appalachian Trail and published an account of his experiences in the 1975 book, \"Hiking the Appalachian Trail, Volume One.\" He was Executive Director of the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference from 1977 to 1980."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Salvador Dali grow up?", "answer": {"text": "in the town of Figueres, in the Emporda region, close to the French border in Catalonia, Spain.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "older brother,", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any sisters?", "answer": {"text": "Anna Maria,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Dali go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Dali attended drawing school.", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Dali have a good relationship with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "he later said his mother's death \"was the greatest blow I had experienced in my life. I worshipped her...", "answer_start": 463, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he close with his father?", "answer": {"text": "strict disciplinary", "answer_start": 562, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Dali's older brother, who had also been named Salvador (born 12 October 1901), had died of gastroenteritis", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#0", "question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "rewrite": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rodolphe Kasser Rodolphe Kasser (14 January 1927 \u2013 8 October 2013), philologist and archaeologist, was a Coptic scholar and Swiss national. He was an expert in translation of ancient Coptic language manuscripts. Born in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland . Kasser obtained his higher education in theology in Lausanne and in Paris from 1946\u20131950. And a diploma from the \u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes (Ph.D. equivalent) in Paris in 1964. He conducted pastoral ministry in Switzerland and in France from 1953 to 1959. From 1963 to 1998 he was on the staff at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Geneva, lecturing in Coptic languages and literature. First as professor extraordinary from 1963 to 1976, then as professor from 1976 to 1998. Since 1965 he has been the head of the archaeological excavations of the Swiss Mission of Coptic Archaeology in the Kellia, Lower Egypt. After 1962, Kasser did important research in the field of Coptic philology, including the preparation of a new Coptic dictionary. This work was done in parallel with reforms in Coptic dialectal classification. Kasser's numerous publications, from 1964 to 2005, illustrate his activity of research. He has published several important Greek and Coptic codices of the Bodmeriana Library, most of them biblical. After 2000, Kasser organized the restoration and prepared the edition princeps of Codex Tchacos, containing the Gospel of Judas and three other Coptic gnostic texts. His most recent published work is an English translation of a 1,700-year-old copy of the \"Gospel of Judas\". The papyrus manuscript went on display at the National Geographic Society's museum in Washington DC in April 2006. The translation contends that the most vilified man in Christendom understood Jesus better than any of the other disciples.", "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks, more than any other Autechre release, each typically around 2-5 minutes in length. The download-only Quaristice.Quadrange.ep.ae EP that accompanies it (as well as the Versions bonus disc and three tracks released exclusively through the Japanese iTunes Store) brings the total length of music released during their Quaristice era to over five hours. Among this is the hour-long \"Perlence subrange 6-36\" that closes the EP. Each track on Quaristice was edited down from lengthy improvised sessions between Booth and Brown, some of which were released in longer versions on Quaristice. Quadrange.ep.ae. Although Sean Booth has stated that the FLAC release of Quaristice is the actual product, the album was also released by Warp Records as a double LP and a single CD as well as an elaborate two CD edition by Warp Records. Limited to only 1000 copies, and containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced. On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March, it was released a month early in digital form on Bleep.com to those who preordered it; the CD and deluxe vinyl editions were released on 22 March 2010. A two-month European tour occurred in support of the album, followed by limited shows in Japan and Australia, the latter breaking a 15-year absence.", "Quaristice. Quadrange.ep.ae  Quaristice. Quadrange.ep.ae is a 2008 download-only EP by the electronic music duo Autechre, released by Warp Records. It consists of alternative versions of tracks from the \"Quaristice\" album and is classified as an EP by the duo despite being more than two hours in length and being, at the time, the longest release Autechre had ever put out. The EP was released digitally via Bleep.com, one track at a time, between 19 May and 30 May 2008, and is available through various other online music stores as four individual bundles, as seen below. The EP is accompanied by track-by-track artwork from The Designers Republic.", "Quaristice Quaristice is the ninth studio album by British electronic music duo Autechre, initially released on 29 January 2008 by Warp Records. It was made available for download via bleep.com in FLAC and MP3 format on 29 January 2008 and then received a physical release on 3 March 2008. Autechre members Rob Brown and Sean Booth changed their approach for \"Quaristice\", moving from a more deliberate studio process to a more spontaneous and \"jam session\" style of songwriting, approximately doubling the usual number of tracks per album to twenty. Booth said in a March 2008 interview, \"a lot of the album tracks are edited-down jams; some of them hour-long pieces we made in a day and then worked them down ... We\u2019d have a fifteen-minute jam, a ten- or a seven-minute and end up with a three- or four-minute track, and we just kept them all.\" The album is accompanied with track-by-track artwork from The Designers Republic. The last thirty seconds of \"The Plc\" contain a brief repeated sample of Run\u2013D.M.C.'s 1985 track \" Here We Go\". In an interview, Booth said \"the actual product is the FLAC file \u2013 but I don't object to those who want to own something that they can hold.\" The album was also released as a 2-CD set with alternate versions of 11 tracks on a second 68-minute CD. The casing is a photo-etched, steel case and the release was limited to 1000 copies. The limited edition sold out within 12 hours of being announced. \"Quaristice\" received somewhat positive reviews overall.", "Tim Kasser Tim Kasser (August 1, 1966) is an American psychologist and book author known for his work on materialism and well-being. Kasser received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Rochester in 1994, and after one additional year of teaching at Montana State University, he accepted a position at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he was a professor of psychology. He retired from Knox in 2019 and was named Emeritus Professor. He has authored over 120 scientific articles and book chapters on materialism, values, goals, well-being, and environmental sustainability, among other topics. His first book, \"The High Price of Materialism\", was published in 2002 (); his second book (co-edited with Allen D. Kanner), \"Psychology and Consumer Culture\", was released in 2004. In 2009 he co-authored a book (with Tom Crompton) \" Meeting Environmental Challenges: The Role of Human Identity. \" In 2013 he wrote \"Lucy in the Mind of Lennon\", a psychological biography that explores the meaning of John Lennon's song, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. Most recently, in 2018, he collaborated with the cartoonist Larry Gonick on \"HyperCapitalism: The modern economy, its values, and how to change them\". Since the early 2000s, Kasser has consulted with activist and civil-society organizations who work against the commercialization of children and who work towards a more inwardly rich lifestyle than what is offered by consumerism. He lives with his wife, two sons, and assorted animals, including a donkey named Earl, in the western Illinois countryside. Kasser initiated a line of research showing that people who pursue intrinsic goals for personal growth, affiliation, and community feeling report higher well-being than those focused on extrinsic goals for money, image, and status."], "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#1", "question": "How did it do on the charts?", "rewrite": "How did  Quaristice do on the charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks, more than any other Autechre release, each typically around 2-5 minutes in length. The download-only Quaristice.Quadrange.ep.ae EP that accompanies it (as well as the Versions bonus disc and three tracks released exclusively through the Japanese iTunes Store) brings the total length of music released during their Quaristice era to over five hours. Among this is the hour-long \"Perlence subrange 6-36\" that closes the EP. Each track on Quaristice was edited down from lengthy improvised sessions between Booth and Brown, some of which were released in longer versions on Quaristice. Quadrange.ep.ae. Although Sean Booth has stated that the FLAC release of Quaristice is the actual product, the album was also released by Warp Records as a double LP and a single CD as well as an elaborate two CD edition by Warp Records. Limited to only 1000 copies, and containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced. On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March, it was released a month early in digital form on Bleep.com to those who preordered it; the CD and deluxe vinyl editions were released on 22 March 2010. A two-month European tour occurred in support of the album, followed by limited shows in Japan and Australia, the latter breaking a 15-year absence.", "Quaristice Quaristice is the ninth studio album by British electronic music duo Autechre, initially released on 29 January 2008 by Warp Records. It was made available for download via bleep.com in FLAC and MP3 format on 29 January 2008 and then received a physical release on 3 March 2008. Autechre members Rob Brown and Sean Booth changed their approach for \"Quaristice\", moving from a more deliberate studio process to a more spontaneous and \"jam session\" style of songwriting, approximately doubling the usual number of tracks per album to twenty. Booth said in a March 2008 interview, \"a lot of the album tracks are edited-down jams; some of them hour-long pieces we made in a day and then worked them down ... We\u2019d have a fifteen-minute jam, a ten- or a seven-minute and end up with a three- or four-minute track, and we just kept them all.\" The album is accompanied with track-by-track artwork from The Designers Republic. The last thirty seconds of \"The Plc\" contain a brief repeated sample of Run\u2013D.M.C.'s 1985 track \" Here We Go\". In an interview, Booth said \"the actual product is the FLAC file \u2013 but I don't object to those who want to own something that they can hold.\" The album was also released as a 2-CD set with alternate versions of 11 tracks on a second 68-minute CD. The casing is a photo-etched, steel case and the release was limited to 1000 copies. The limited edition sold out within 12 hours of being announced. \"Quaristice\" received somewhat positive reviews overall.", "Tim Kasser Tim Kasser (August 1, 1966) is an American psychologist and book author known for his work on materialism and well-being. Kasser received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Rochester in 1994, and after one additional year of teaching at Montana State University, he accepted a position at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he was a professor of psychology. He retired from Knox in 2019 and was named Emeritus Professor. He has authored over 120 scientific articles and book chapters on materialism, values, goals, well-being, and environmental sustainability, among other topics. His first book, \"The High Price of Materialism\", was published in 2002 (); his second book (co-edited with Allen D. Kanner), \"Psychology and Consumer Culture\", was released in 2004. In 2009 he co-authored a book (with Tom Crompton) \" Meeting Environmental Challenges: The Role of Human Identity. \" In 2013 he wrote \"Lucy in the Mind of Lennon\", a psychological biography that explores the meaning of John Lennon's song, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. Most recently, in 2018, he collaborated with the cartoonist Larry Gonick on \"HyperCapitalism: The modern economy, its values, and how to change them\". Since the early 2000s, Kasser has consulted with activist and civil-society organizations who work against the commercialization of children and who work towards a more inwardly rich lifestyle than what is offered by consumerism. He lives with his wife, two sons, and assorted animals, including a donkey named Earl, in the western Illinois countryside. Kasser initiated a line of research showing that people who pursue intrinsic goals for personal growth, affiliation, and community feeling report higher well-being than those focused on extrinsic goals for money, image, and status.", "Rodolphe Kasser Rodolphe Kasser (14 January 1927 \u2013 8 October 2013), philologist and archaeologist, was a Coptic scholar and Swiss national. He was an expert in translation of ancient Coptic language manuscripts. Born in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland . Kasser obtained his higher education in theology in Lausanne and in Paris from 1946\u20131950. And a diploma from the \u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes (Ph.D. equivalent) in Paris in 1964. He conducted pastoral ministry in Switzerland and in France from 1953 to 1959. From 1963 to 1998 he was on the staff at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Geneva, lecturing in Coptic languages and literature. First as professor extraordinary from 1963 to 1976, then as professor from 1976 to 1998. Since 1965 he has been the head of the archaeological excavations of the Swiss Mission of Coptic Archaeology in the Kellia, Lower Egypt. After 1962, Kasser did important research in the field of Coptic philology, including the preparation of a new Coptic dictionary. This work was done in parallel with reforms in Coptic dialectal classification. Kasser's numerous publications, from 1964 to 2005, illustrate his activity of research. He has published several important Greek and Coptic codices of the Bodmeriana Library, most of them biblical. After 2000, Kasser organized the restoration and prepared the edition princeps of Codex Tchacos, containing the Gospel of Judas and three other Coptic gnostic texts. His most recent published work is an English translation of a 1,700-year-old copy of the \"Gospel of Judas\". The papyrus manuscript went on display at the National Geographic Society's museum in Washington DC in April 2006. The translation contends that the most vilified man in Christendom understood Jesus better than any of the other disciples.", "Mary V. Mochary Mary Veronica Kasser Mochary (born September 2, 1942 in Budapest, Hungary) is an American attorney and Republican Party politician from New Jersey. She served as Mayor of Montclair, New Jersey and was the Republican nominee for United States Senate in 1984 to oppose incumbent Bill Bradley. Mochary was born as Mary Veronica Kasser in Budapest in 1942 to Alexander and Elisabeth Kasser. Her father was the manager of the largest paper mill in Eastern Europe. The family left Hungary at the end of World War II, immigrating first to Mexico and then to the United States. They settled in Montclair, New Jersey when Mochary was 9 years old. She attended Montclair State College High School, an experimental high school at Montclair State College (now Montclair State University). She graduated from Wellesley College in 1963 with a B.A. degree in economics and from the University of Chicago Law School in 1967 with a J.D. degree. In 1965 she married Stephen E. Mochary, also a lawyer, and they went into practice together as Mochary & Mochary in Montclair from 1970 to 1985. They have two children, Alexandra Bergstein and Matthew Mochary. In 1980, Montclair's form of government changed from a five-member commission to a seven-member council. Mochary ran for the Council, and out of 28 candidates in the nonpartisan municipal election she received the most votes, leading to her selection as Mayor of Montclair, New Jersey from 1980 to 1984. State Republican leaders tried to recruit Mochary to run for Congress and to oppose New Jersey Senate President Carmen A. Orechio in 1983. She then emerged as a potential candidate to oppose Bill Bradley in the 1984 U.S. Senate race."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Quaristice ,Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["For \"z\" > 1, it becomes concave. Self-intersecting bipyramids exist with a star polygon central figure, defined by triangular faces connecting each polygon edge to these two points. A {p/q} bipyramid has Coxeter diagram . isohedral even-sided stars can also be made with zig-zag offplane vertices, in-out isotoxal forms, or both, like this {8/3} form: The dual of the rectification of each convex regular 4-polytopes is a cell-transitive 4-polytope with bipyramidal cells. In the following, the apex vertex of the bipyramid is A and an equator vertex is E. The distance between adjacent vertices on the equator EE = 1, the apex to equator edge is AE and the distance between the apices is AA. The bipyramid 4-polytope will have \"V\" vertices where the apices of \"N\" bipyramids meet. It will have \"V\" vertices where the type E vertices of \"N\" bipyramids meet. \"N\" bipyramids meet along each type AE edge. \"N\" bipyramids meet along each type EE edge. \"C\" is the cosine of the dihedral angle along an AE edge. \"C\" is the cosine of the dihedral angle along an EE edge. As cells must fit around an edge, In general, a \"bipyramid\" can be seen as an \"n\"-polytope constructed with a (\"n\" \u2212 1)-polytope in a hyperplane with two points in opposite directions, equal distance perpendicular from the hyperplane.", "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks, more than any other Autechre release, each typically around 2-5 minutes in length. The download-only Quaristice.Quadrange.ep.ae EP that accompanies it (as well as the Versions bonus disc and three tracks released exclusively through the Japanese iTunes Store) brings the total length of music released during their Quaristice era to over five hours. Among this is the hour-long \"Perlence subrange 6-36\" that closes the EP. Each track on Quaristice was edited down from lengthy improvised sessions between Booth and Brown, some of which were released in longer versions on Quaristice. Quadrange.ep.ae. Although Sean Booth has stated that the FLAC release of Quaristice is the actual product, the album was also released by Warp Records as a double LP and a single CD as well as an elaborate two CD edition by Warp Records. Limited to only 1000 copies, and containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced. On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March, it was released a month early in digital form on Bleep.com to those who preordered it; the CD and deluxe vinyl editions were released on 22 March 2010. A two-month European tour occurred in support of the album, followed by limited shows in Japan and Australia, the latter breaking a 15-year absence.", "Rodolphe Kasser Rodolphe Kasser (14 January 1927 \u2013 8 October 2013), philologist and archaeologist, was a Coptic scholar and Swiss national. He was an expert in translation of ancient Coptic language manuscripts. Born in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland . Kasser obtained his higher education in theology in Lausanne and in Paris from 1946\u20131950. And a diploma from the \u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes (Ph.D. equivalent) in Paris in 1964. He conducted pastoral ministry in Switzerland and in France from 1953 to 1959. From 1963 to 1998 he was on the staff at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Geneva, lecturing in Coptic languages and literature. First as professor extraordinary from 1963 to 1976, then as professor from 1976 to 1998. Since 1965 he has been the head of the archaeological excavations of the Swiss Mission of Coptic Archaeology in the Kellia, Lower Egypt. After 1962, Kasser did important research in the field of Coptic philology, including the preparation of a new Coptic dictionary. This work was done in parallel with reforms in Coptic dialectal classification. Kasser's numerous publications, from 1964 to 2005, illustrate his activity of research. He has published several important Greek and Coptic codices of the Bodmeriana Library, most of them biblical. After 2000, Kasser organized the restoration and prepared the edition princeps of Codex Tchacos, containing the Gospel of Judas and three other Coptic gnostic texts. His most recent published work is an English translation of a 1,700-year-old copy of the \"Gospel of Judas\". The papyrus manuscript went on display at the National Geographic Society's museum in Washington DC in April 2006. The translation contends that the most vilified man in Christendom understood Jesus better than any of the other disciples.", "Tim Kasser Tim Kasser (August 1, 1966) is an American psychologist and book author known for his work on materialism and well-being. Kasser received his Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Rochester in 1994, and after one additional year of teaching at Montana State University, he accepted a position at Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, where he was a professor of psychology. He retired from Knox in 2019 and was named Emeritus Professor. He has authored over 120 scientific articles and book chapters on materialism, values, goals, well-being, and environmental sustainability, among other topics. His first book, \"The High Price of Materialism\", was published in 2002 (); his second book (co-edited with Allen D. Kanner), \"Psychology and Consumer Culture\", was released in 2004. In 2009 he co-authored a book (with Tom Crompton) \" Meeting Environmental Challenges: The Role of Human Identity. \" In 2013 he wrote \"Lucy in the Mind of Lennon\", a psychological biography that explores the meaning of John Lennon's song, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds. Most recently, in 2018, he collaborated with the cartoonist Larry Gonick on \"HyperCapitalism: The modern economy, its values, and how to change them\". Since the early 2000s, Kasser has consulted with activist and civil-society organizations who work against the commercialization of children and who work towards a more inwardly rich lifestyle than what is offered by consumerism. He lives with his wife, two sons, and assorted animals, including a donkey named Earl, in the western Illinois countryside. Kasser initiated a line of research showing that people who pursue intrinsic goals for personal growth, affiliation, and community feeling report higher well-being than those focused on extrinsic goals for money, image, and status.", "Bipyramid An \"n\"-gonal bipyramid or dipyramid is a polyhedron formed by joining an \"n\"-gonal pyramid and its mirror image base-to-base. An \"n\"-gonal bipyramid has 2\"n\" triangle faces, 3\"n\" edges, and 2 + \"n\" vertices. The referenced \"n\"-gon in the name of the bipyramids is not an external face but an internal one, existing on the primary symmetry plane which connects the two pyramid halves. A right bipyramid has two points above and below the centroid of its base. Nonright bipyramids are called oblique bipyramids. A regular bipyramid has a regular polygon internal face and is usually implied to be a \"right bipyramid\". A right bipyramid can be represented as for internal polygon P, and a regular \"n\"-bipyramid A concave bipyramid has a concave interior polygon. The face-transitive regular bipyramids are the dual polyhedra of the uniform prisms and will generally have isosceles triangle faces. A bipyramid can be projected on a sphere or globe as \"n\" equally spaced lines of longitude going from pole to pole, and bisected by a line around the equator. Bipyramid faces, projected as spherical triangles, represent the fundamental domains in the dihedral symmetry D. Indeed, an n-tonal bipyramid can be seen as the Kleetope of the respective n-gonal dihedron. The volume of a bipyramid is \"V\" =\" Bh\" where \"B\" is the area of the base and \"h\" the height from the base to the apex."], "answer": {"text": "containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced.", "answer_start": 971}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#3", "question": "When was this released?", "rewrite": "When was the special edition released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Suzuki Access 125 The Suzuki Access 125 is a scooter manufactured by Suzuki motorcycle India limited , a subsidiary of Japanese motorcycle company Suzuki. It was introduced on September 18, 2007. Suzuki launched a newer model Swish 125 in 2012. On October 3, 2013, in collaboration with Bollywood superstar Salman Khan's Being Human foundation, Suzuki launched the special \u2018Being Human\u2019 edition of the Suzuki Access 125. The special edition is available only in Pear Mirage White colour and features \u2018Apna Way of life\u2019 logo. Other features in the Special Edition include beige leather seat cover, chrome grab rail and rear view mirrors. The special edition Access 125 is more expensive than the standard edition of Access 125. Access 125 is currently is in its 3rd generation and currently sold in India, whereas Swish 125 manufacturing discontinued in year 2016. The Special Edition was available for a limited period. In year 2018, Suzuki Access 125 made available in special edition and is currently sold as regular product along with its normal siblings. Special edition is available in white, silver, matte black and matte red colour. Special edition is having round chrome mirrors, leather seats, black alloy wheels and disc brake in front with combined breaking system and mobile charging socket a.  Total 3 types of Suzuki access 125 models available in Indian market as: 1. Drum breaks with CBS (Colours are: White, silver, black, red, grey) 2. Disc brakes and silver colour alloy wheels with CBS (Colours are: White, silver, black, red, grey) 3. Special edition having black alloy wheels and disc break with CBS. (White, silver, matte red and matte black) All Suzuki access 125 manufactured after 2016 have SEP engines and part digital part analogue display", "Extinct Instinct Extinct Instinct is the third studio album by British progressive metal band Threshold, released in 1997. It is the first album to feature drummer Mark Heaney and the second to feature vocalist Damian Wilson, his first album with the band being their 1993 debut, \"Wounded Land\". The album was rereleased in 2004 as a Special Edition with three bonus tracks; unlike the previous two albums, this special edition did not include a multimedia section of any kind. The songs on the album resume the themes of war and environmentalism found on \"Wounded Land\", and also introduce themes of human self-absorption and isolation. The middle segment of the song \"The Whispering\" makes extensive direct reference to \"Wounded Land\"'s opening song, \"Consume to Live.\" The 2004 Special Edition released by InsideOut includes the following tracks: The 2012 Definitive Edition released by Nuclear Blast includes \"Mansion,\" but replaces the other two tracks with the following:", "Tom and Jerry: The Classic Collection Tom and Jerry: The Classic Collection is a series of Region 2 DVD sets released by Warner Home Video featuring \"Tom and Jerry\". These DVDs are available in 6 double-sided DVDs (issued in the United Kingdom) and 12 single-layer DVDs (issued throughout Europe and Australia). The DVDs in the UK were re-released as \"Collector Editions\", which were Digipak versions with 2 Volumes inside. None of the cartoons in the set have been restored; all were sourced by TV prints created by Turner Entertainment in the 1990s for Cartoon Network and Boomerang airings. Some of the cartoons in these DVD sets are censored due to perceived racial stereotypes. Shorts produced in CinemaScope are presented in pan and scan for showing on the 4:3 aspect ratio television screen, except for remake shorts \" The Egg and Jerry\", \" Tops with Pops\" and \"Feedin' the Kiddie\". These shorts are not in anamorphic widescreen, like the American Spotlight collections; instead, they are in a 4:3 windowbox format and appear to be sourced from the laserdisc set (The Art Of Tom and Jerry) or are an early release of the copies found on the spotlight releases. denotes Cinemascope cartoons in pan and scan <br> Released on 5 April 2004 (UK version) Collector's Edition released on 12 April 2004 Released on 3 May 2004    Normal version released on 28 Jun. 2004 Collector Edition released on 28 Jun. 2004    Normal version released on 26 July 2004 Collector Edition released on 28 Jun. 2004    Normal version released on 23 Aug. 2004 Collector Edition Release Date: 18 Oct. 2004 All 13 Gene Deitch-era cartoons are present on this DVD. All 34 Chuck Jones-era cartoons are present on this DVD. Normal version released on 27 Sept. 2004 Collector Edition Release Date: 18 Oct. 2004", "Psychedelicatessen (Threshold album)  Psychedelicatessen is the second studio album by Threshold, released in late 1994. It was their only studio album to feature Glynn Morgan on vocals until his return in 2017, and their only album with Nick Harradence playing drums. The band's members were displeased with the sound quality on the original release of the album, and had long desired to do a complete remix. Their first fan club release \"Decadent\", released in 1999, contained remixes of three songs from the album. The entire \"Psychedelicatessen\" album was later remixed for a 2001 Special Edition release. The name of the album is a portmanteau of the words \"Psychedelic\" and \"Delicatessen\". The 2001 remaster contains two bonus tracks:  The 2012 Definitive Edition released on nuclear blast includes the above bonus tracks, as well as the following:  A remastered and remixed Special Edition of the CD was released on InsideOut in 2001. This included the addition of two bonus tracks, the live album Livedelica as a bonus disc, and some extra features for the PC. (\"Enhanced Elements.\") Livedelica features Jay Micciche on drums.", "Also featured was a game titled Forte's Challenge, a 10-minute behind-the-scenes featurette, Disney Song Selection, and Enchanted Environment, where it shows the Beast's Castle during the different seasons. The original film's Special Edition and this one's were taken out of print at the same time in January 2003. The Special Edition DVD and Blu-ray was re-released on November 22, 2011, following the release of the Diamond Edition of the first film in the United Kingdom in Region 2 PAL format in November 2010. It was released in Region 4 Australia on November 3 with the same features on the original \"Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas\" DVD. The Blu-ray re-release was put into the Disney Vault along with other two films. The film was re-released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on a Blu-ray combo pack on October 25, 2016\u2014a little over one month after the first film\u2019s 25th anniversary Signature Edition released. The film received an approval rating of 13% on review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on eight reviews. Ty Burr, reviewing for \"Entertainment Weekly\", graded the film a C- concluding in his review, \"All in all, a pretty soggy Christmas fruitcake. Will your kids eat it up? Sure, and that makes \"Enchanted Christmas\" worth a rental. But Disney really wants you to put this sucker in your permanent collection. And next to \"Beauty and the Beast\" \u2014 still the company's crown jewel \u2014 \"Christmas\" looks like a lump of coal.\" The film won two wac awards of its eight nominations. The original score and songs were composed by Rachel Portman with lyrics written by Don Black. The film's songs were recorded \"live\" with an orchestra and the cast in a room, similar to the first film."], "answer": {"text": "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced.", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#4", "question": "When was oversteps released?", "rewrite": "When was oversteps released?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This was the start of the biggest DDP project called Binary Revolution which was an attempt at starting a true \"community\" of hackers. As the site grew, so did the DDP roster. Over the years, DDP membership has included several staff writers for \"\" and \"Blacklisted! 411\" magazine including StankDawg and bland_inquisitor. They frequently publish articles, provide content, and appear on many media sources across the global Interweb. DDP members are also regular speakers at hacking conferences such as DEF CON, H.O.P.E., Interzone, Notacon, and many more smaller and more regional cons. Some DDP members hold memberships in Mensa and the International High IQ society. StankDawg is very proud of the diversity of the team and has spoken to this many times on Binary Revolution Radio. Members are from both coasts of the United States to Europe and have even had members from Jamaica, Brazil, and many other countries. The DDP maintains a blog \"which they refer to as a \"blawg\" (Obviously a play on the intentionally misspelled word \"Dawg\"). Posts by DDP members have been featured on other technology-related sites such as those of Make Magazine, HackADay, Hacked Gadgets, and others. In 2003, StankDawg moved the forums from his personal site over to a new site as part of a project called the Binary Revolution which he considered a \"movement\" towards a more positive hacking community. This \"Binary Revolution\" is the best known of the DDP projects and is commonly referred to simply as \"BinRev\". This project was created in an attempt to bring the hacking community back together, working towards a common, positive goal of reclaiming the name of hackers.", "Owners are advised to avoid applying grease to garage door tracks because that makes the wheels \"skate\" in the track instead of turning on their bearings. Only bearings, hinges, and spring wire require lubricant. An extension spring counterbalance system consists of a pair of stretched springs running parallel to the horizontal tracks. The springs lift the door through a system of pulleys and counterbalance cables running from the bottom corner brackets through the pulleys. When the door is raised, the springs contract, thus lifting the door as the tension is released. Typically these springs are made of 11 gauge galvanized steel, and the lengths of these springs are based on the height of the garage door in question. Their lifting weight capacity can best be identified by the color that is painted on the ends of the springs. Maintenance of garage door is described in the manufacturer's instructions and consists of periodic checks for correct operation, visual inspection of parts, and lubrication. Garage doors cause injury and property damage (including expensive damage to the door itself) in several different ways. The most common causes of injury from garage door systems include falling doors, pinch points, improperly adjusted opener force settings and safety eyes, attempts at do-it-yourself repair without the proper knowledge or tools, and uncontrolled release of spring tension (on extension spring systems). A garage door with a broken spring, or the wrong strength spring, can fall. Because the effective mass of the door increases as the garage door sections transfer from the horizontal to vertical door tracks, a falling garage door accelerates rapidly. A free falling garage door can cause serious injury or death. The sections and rollers on garage doors represent a major pinch hazard. Children should never be allowed near a moving garage door for this reason. On manually operated garage doors, handles should be installed vertically, to promote \"vertical orientation of the hand\".", "Yueh -Ting Lee Dr. Yueh-Ting Lee (pronounced as \u201cyou-ting\u201d or \u201cyour-ting\u201d Lee, aka \u201cLi Yue-ting\u201d ) received his Ph.D. from State University of New York at Stony Brook. He is an immigrant from China and he is a Social and Evolutionary Psychologist who has taught a variety of courses at various institutions since 1990. Dr. Lee's academic lineage traces back to Kurt Lewin through Leon Festinger and then Dana Bramel whom he studied under. Currently he is a full professor in the Department of Psychology at Southern Illinois University Carbondale where he has also served as dean of the Graduate School. Dr. Lee has produced 10 scholarly books and over 100 referenced journal articles and peer-reviewed book chapters. His work is funded by various federal and state agencies. As a social scientist and evolutionary researcher, he has taught courses in psychology and cultural and ethnic studies for years at various colleges and universities in the United States of America. In addition to teaching, research, and administrative services, Dr. Lee has performed consulting and training services for multinational corporations and public agencies both in the USA and in China. These services include such areas as cultural competency, differences appreciation, and conflict management. Dr. Lee\u2019s research has centered on categorical knowledge, cultural stereotypes, stereotype accuracy, and personality psychology for the past twenty years. His research has dealt with the accuracy and validity in human categorical perceptions and judgments, including cultural stereotypes and stereotyping. Dr. Lee's work has addressed various ethnic and cultural identity conflicts and justice for years, both in the USA and around the world with a focus on victimized or disadvantaged groups.", "Kant and the Platypus  Kant and the Platypus: Essays on Language and Cognition () is a book by Umberto Eco which was published in Italian as \"Kant e l'ornitorinco\" in 1997. An English edition, translated by Alastair McEwen, appeared in 1999. The book develops some aspects of Eco's \"A Theory of Semiotics\" which came out in 1976. In the first chapter Eco argues against Nietzsche's assertion that the truth is a poetically elaborated \"mobile army of metaphors, metonymies and anthropomorphisms\" that subsequently get into knowledge, \"illusions whose illusory nature has been forgotten\". In chapter two, working with ideas derived from Charles Sanders Peirce and Immanuel Kant, Eco compares linguistic and perceptual meaning when confronted with the unencountered. Chapter three explores the Aztec encounter with the horse in terms of Cognitive Type, the private mechanism that allows identification of an object, and of Nuclear Content, which clarifies the relevant features inter-subjectively. To this is added Molar Content, which provides a much broader range of knowledge, even if restricted to specific competences. From these he develops an understanding of social elements in the organisation of knowledge. In chapter four he discusses the different ordering of knowledge with a dictionary and an encyclopedia - that is, the differences between categorical knowledge and knowledge by properties. Using the example of the arrival of the first platypus in Europe, Eco looks at the problem faced by scientists in their attempts to classify the creature for eighty years, and at the contractual nature of the negotiations that produce shared meaning. In chapter five Eco discusses the Sarkiiapone, an animal whose sole nature is that it is fictive.", "He has conducted field research on American Indian beliefs and ancient East Asian beliefs (e.g., totemic psychology, shamanic psychology) for approximately 15 years both by working with Ojibwa (in MI, MN and ND), Dakota, Lakotas, Nakota, Hidatsa, Arikara and Mandan (in ND and SD), Native Alaskan tribes, and other tribes in Americas and by working with various ethnic groups in China and other parts of Asia. Dr. Lee and his colleagues have developed an Evaluation-Potency-Accuracy (EPA) model of stereotypes in which the model explains stereotypes and categorical knowledge with three dimensional components. \"E\" represents evaluation or valence (e.g., stereotypes and human categories can range from positive to negative). \"P\" represents potency or latency of activation from the memory of human knowledge (e.g., stereotypes or human categories can range from automatic activation to little or no activation). Finally, \"A\" represents accuracy (e.g., stereotypes and human categories can range from accurate to inaccurate). According to the model, Evaluation (positive-negative), potential (active-inactive), and accuracy (accurate-inaccurate) are not dichotomous but continuous variables. The dimensions in Lee et al.'s (1995; 2013) EPA model of stereotypes are different from the three dimensions proposed in Osgood et al.'s Semantic Differential model ( 1957)http://www.indiana.edu/~socpsy/papers/AttMeasure/attitude..htm. Osgood et al.'s"], "answer": {"text": "On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March,", "answer_start": 1144}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced.", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this released?", "answer": {"text": "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#5", "question": "Where there any hits from this album?", "rewrite": "Where there any hits from the Oversteps album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In all, seventy-two different circles were generated with paintbrushes and felt tip pens, making the covers of each format (CD, vinyl record, and in the case of digital, individual song artwork), print ad and merchandise a unique attempt at a perfectly drawn circle by a human. The concept would be applied to concentric rings forming circles for Autechre's follow-up EP, \"Move of Ten\". \"Oversteps\" was released on 23 March 2010. Before its release, numerous fake versions of the album showed up on Internet websites, just as had happened with the previous three sets. Brown said it was \"becoming a bit of a tradition\" at the time of the album's release. \"Oversteps\" peaked at No. 15 and No. 46 on \"Billboard\"s Dance/Electronic Albums and Heatseekers Albums charts, respectively, the week of 10 April 2010. \"Oversteps\" received generally positive reviews, with most agreeing it is one of the band's most accessible albums to date. Matt Kennedy of BBC was highly complimentary, and noted that while \"Oversteps is certainly no exception to their outwardly difficult aesthetic... Beneath the icy exterior, deceptively warm hearts beat\". He added that, as per usual, the album was not immediately accessible, but that repeatedly listening to it is \"the only method of absorbing Oversteps\u2019 depths\", concluding, \"Autechre continue to test themselves and listeners alike with stunningly intricate results.\" Paul Clarke of Drowned in Sound agreed, saying \"Oversteps\" \"initially still seems as imposing as an abandoned warehouse surrounded by nine feet of razor wire\", but \"does have entry points for the casual listener\".", "Oversteps (album) Oversteps is the tenth album by electronic music duo Autechre, released on Warp Records in 2010. The album was made available for official download on bleep.com and the Japanese iTunes Store on 22 February 2010; the CD and deluxe vinyl editions were released on 23 March 2010. Critics were generally quite positive about \"Oversteps\", with many considering it more focused and accessible than previous albums. A few months after its release, \"Oversteps\" was followed by a companion EP entitled \"Move of Ten\". In a March 2010 interview with \"Clash\", Autechre members Sean Booth and Rob Brown said they did not know if any other music influenced the development of \"Oversteps\"; Booth commented that \"I don\u2019t own a single record that sounds like 'Oversteps'\". The dynamic between the duo in the studio was called \"hilariously accommodating\" in the same interview, with Booth stating \"I don\u2019t mind backing down\". Autechre streamed a twelve-hour webcast in early March 2010, coinciding with the album's release, as they had with the releases of \"Untilted\" and \"Quaristice\". The album artwork was created by The Designers Republic. In an interview with Warp Records, Ian Anderson of tDR explained that the album's artwork was based on a life-long influence of Anderson's, that of man versus machine. The cover is based on the idea that \"[people are] trying to be as effective as machines and do the tasks that we\u2019ve developed machines to do\", and that a relatively simple task for a computer but an arduous one for a human is to draw a perfect circle.", "Kris Williams Kris Williams may refer to:", "2010 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships \u2013 Results These are the official results of the 2010 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships which took place on 24\u201326 February 2010 in Tehran, Iran. Heats \u2013 24 February  Final \u2013 24 February  Heats \u2013 25 February  Final \u2013 26 February  Heats \u2013 24 February  Final \u2013 25 February 26 February 24 February  Heats \u2013 26 February  Final \u2013 26 February 26 February 25 February 26 February 24 February 26 February 25 February  Heats \u2013 24 February  Final \u2013 24 February  Heats \u2013 25 February  Final \u2013 26 February  25 February 26 February 24 February 25 February 26 February 24 February 25 February 25 February 26 February 24 February", "However, among the Archamoebae, which are adapted to anoxic or microaerophilic habitats, mitochondria have been lost. It appears (based on molecular genetics) that the members of Amoebozoa form a sister group to animals and fungi, diverging from this lineage after it had split from the other groups, as illustrated below in a simplified diagram: Strong similarities between Amoebozoa and Opisthokonts lead to the hypothesis that they form a distinct clade. Thomas Cavalier-Smith proposed the name \"unikonts\" (formally, Unikonta) for this branch, whose members were believed to have been descended from a common ancestor possessing a single emergent flagellum rooted in one basal body. However, while the close relationship between Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta is robustly supported, recent work has shown that the hypothesis of a uniciliate ancestor is probably false. In their Revised Classification of Eukaryotes (2012), Adl et al. proposed Amorphea as a more suitable name for a clade of approximately the same composition, a sister group to the Diaphoretickes. More recent work places the members of Amorphea together with the malawimonids and collodictyonids in a proposed clade called Opimoda, which comprises one of two major lineages diverging at the root of the eukaryote tree of life. Traditionally all amoebozoa with lobose pseudopods were grouped together in the class Lobosea, placed with other amoeboids in the phylum Sarcodina or Rhizopoda, but these were considered to be unnatural groups. Structural and genetic studies identified the percolozoans and several archamoebae as independent groups."], "answer": {"text": "Autechre then compiled a mix for the magazine FACT, released in February of the same year, that consisted of tracks by artists such as J Dilla and Necrophagist.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced.", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this released?", "answer": {"text": "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was oversteps released?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March,", "answer_start": 1144, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#6", "question": "When was Exai released?", "rewrite": "When was the Exai album released?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rainci Donji Rainci Donji (Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0414\u043e\u045a\u0438) is a village in the municipality of Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "Exai (album) Exai is the eleventh album by electronic music duo Autechre, released on Warp Records. The album was released in digital form on 7 February 2013, with double CD and quadruple vinyl versions released on 5 March 2013. Like other Autechre albums, \"Exai\" features album artwork by The Designers Republic. \"Exai\" has received positive reviews, with a Metacritic average rating of 80 out of 100, based on reviews from 26 critics. Grayson Currin of Pitchfork Media thought the album had some good moments, but was too long at two hours, and would have been improved by more editing and trimming. Chris Power of BBC Music was more enthusiastic, calling the album Autechre's best in fifteen years.", "Astartea scoparia Astartea scoparia, commonly known as common astartea, is a shrub endemic to Western Australia. The shrub typically grows to a height of and produces white flowers. It is found along the coast of the Peel, South West and Great Southern regions of Western Australia where it grows in sandy-loamy soils.", "Rainci Gornji Rainci Gornji (Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u045a\u0438) is a village in the municipality of Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "\u2022 Caparde \u2022 Dubnica \u2022 Goj\u010din \u2022 Hajvazi \u2022 Hrasno Donje \u2022 Hrasno Gornje \u2022 Jeginov Lug \u2022 Jelovo Brdo \u2022 Kalesija \u2022 Kadri\u0107i \u2022 Kika\u010di \u2022 Kosova\u010da \u2022 Kulina \u2022 Kusonje \u2022 Lipovice \u2022 Mahala \u2022 Matkovac \u2022 Memi\u0107i \u2022 Miljanovci \u2022 Osmaci \u2022 Petrovice \u2022 Prnjavor \u2022 Rainci Donji \u2022 Rainci Gornji \u2022 Rakino Brdo \u2022 Sajtovi\u0107i \u2022 Sara\u010di \u2022 Seljublje \u2022 Staro Selo \u2022 \u0160eher \u2022 Toj\u0161i\u0107i \u2022 Vil\u010devi\u0107i \u2022 Vukovije Donje \u2022 Vukovije Gornje \u2022 Zelina \u2022 Zolje \u2022 Zuki\u0107i In the area of municipality Kalesija there are six elementary schools. They are located in Kalesija, Rainci Gornji, Goj\u010din, Memi\u0107i, Vukovije and Toj\u0161i\u0107i."], "answer": {"text": "The eleventh studio album entitled Exai was released on 5 March 2013,", "answer_start": 838}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced.", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this released?", "answer": {"text": "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was oversteps released?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March,", "answer_start": 1144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where there any hits from this album?", "answer": {"text": "Autechre then compiled a mix for the magazine FACT, released in February of the same year, that consisted of tracks by artists such as J Dilla and Necrophagist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#7", "question": "Were any awards won?", "rewrite": "Were any awards won for Exai?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For the label's 20th anniversary in 2009, several Warp20 concerts took place in Paris, New York City, Sheffield, Tokyo, Berlin and London. Warp also celebrated by releasing the Warp20 box set, composed of six parts: Warp continued to release albums, from artists such as Hudson Mohawke, Flying Lotus, Mark Pritchard, Bibio, Jamie Lidell, Lonelady, Leila, and Gonjasufi. Signings included Brian Eno, Oneohtrix Point Never, Mount Kimbie, Kwes., Darkstar, Kelela, patten and Jeremiah Jae. 2013 saw the release of Broadcast\u2019s album \"Berberian Sound Studio,\" the soundtrack to the film of the same name. Warp released a split remix 12\u201d for Record Store Day, which was a collaboration between Brian Eno, Nicolas Jaar and Grizzly Bear. In March, Autechre broadcast two 10-hour radio shows to celebrate the release of their 11th album, \"Exai\". Boards of Canada\u2019s fourth studio album \" Tomorrow\u2019s Harvest\" charted worldwide, reaching #7 in the UK Albums Chart, and #13 in the US Billboard 200 \u2013 vinyl reissues of their albums and EPs followed in October and November. Nightmares On Wax (George Evelyn) released his first album in five years, entitled \"Feelin\u2019 Good\", and followed this with one of his biggest ever international tours, with a live band. In 2013 Warp also won Independent Label Of The Year at the AIM Awards. In October of that year, to coincide with the Universal Everything & You - Drawing in Motion exhibition running at the National Media Museum's Media Space at Science Museum, London, a 20-minute piece created by Simon Pyke (Freeform), built upon the foundations of the exhibition soundtrack, was released.", "Exai  Exai may refer to:", "\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 The \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 (, \"Complete Annals of \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t\") is the official historical text of the L\u00ea Dynasty, that was originally compiled by the royal historian Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean under the order of the Emperor L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng and was finished in 1479. The 15-volume book covered the period from H\u1ed3ng B\u00e0ng Dynasty to the coronation of L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, the first emperor of the L\u00ea Dynasty in 1428. In compiling his work, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean based on two principal historical sources which were \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd\" by L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u and \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean\" by Phan Phu Ti\u00ean. After its publication, \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0\" was continually supplemented by other historians of the L\u00ea Dynasty such as V\u0169 Qu\u1ef3nh, Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 and L\u00ea Hi. Today the most popular version of \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0\" is the \"N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c quan b\u1ea3n\" edition which was completed in 1697 with the additional information up to 1656 during the reign of the Emperor L\u00ea Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng and the Lord Tr\u1ecbnh Tr\u00e1ng. \" \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0\" is considered the most important and comprehensive historical book about the history of Vietnam from its beginning to the period of the L\u00ea Dynasty. During the Fourth Chinese domination, many valuable books of \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t were taken away by the Ming Dynasty including L\u00ea V\u0103n H\u01b0u's \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd\" (\u5927\u8d8a\u53f2\u8a18, \"Annals of \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t\"), the official historical text of the Tr\u1ea7n Dynasty and the most comprehensive source of the history of Vietnam up to that period.", "\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0\" was finally completed in 1479 with the accounts that stopped by the coronation of L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 in 1428. According to L\u00ea Qu\u00fd \u0110\u00f4n, Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean also compiled an historical text about the reigns of Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5, Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng and Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng named \"Tam tri\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n k\u00fd\" ( \"Records of the Three Reigns\"). In 1511, the royal historian V\u0169 Qu\u1ef3nh reorganized Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean's work in his \"Vi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1m th\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3o\" by adding the account about Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, Hi\u1ec3n T\u00f4ng, T\u00fac T\u00f4ng and Uy M\u1ee5c, which was called \"T\u1ee9 tri\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n k\u00fd\" (\"Records of the Four Reigns\"). Other historians continued to revise \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0\" and also add the supplemental information about the reign of the L\u00ea Dynasty, notably the 23-volume \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0 t\u1ee5c bi\u00ean\" (\"Continued Compilation of the Complete Annals of \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t\") was published under the supervision of Ph\u1ea1m C\u00f4ng Tr\u1ee9 in 1665 while the \"N\u1ed9i c\u00e1c quan b\u1ea3n\" edition, the most comprehensive and popular version of \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0\", was printed in 1697 during the Ch\u00ednh H\u00f2a era by efforts of the historian L\u00ea Hi. The original 15-volume version of \"\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0\" or the H\u1ed3ng \u0110\u1ee9c edition (1479), that was named after the era name of L\u00ea Th\u00e1nh T\u00f4ng, only existed in form of handwritten manuscript and hence is only partially preserved to this day.", "Exai (album) Exai is the eleventh album by electronic music duo Autechre, released on Warp Records. The album was released in digital form on 7 February 2013, with double CD and quadruple vinyl versions released on 5 March 2013. Like other Autechre albums, \"Exai\" features album artwork by The Designers Republic. \"Exai\" has received positive reviews, with a Metacritic average rating of 80 out of 100, based on reviews from 26 critics. Grayson Currin of Pitchfork Media thought the album had some good moments, but was too long at two hours, and would have been improved by more editing and trimming. Chris Power of BBC Music was more enthusiastic, calling the album Autechre's best in fifteen years."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced.", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this released?", "answer": {"text": "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was oversteps released?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March,", "answer_start": 1144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where there any hits from this album?", "answer": {"text": "Autechre then compiled a mix for the magazine FACT, released in February of the same year, that consisted of tracks by artists such as J Dilla and Necrophagist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Exai released?", "answer": {"text": "The eleventh studio album entitled Exai was released on 5 March 2013,", "answer_start": 838, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_454108867d284fd89d4d6f2f01a3df4f_0_q#8", "question": "Were any hits released on Exai?", "rewrite": "Were any hits released on the  Exai album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rainci Gornji Rainci Gornji (Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0440\u045a\u0438) is a village in the municipality of Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "\u2022 Caparde \u2022 Dubnica \u2022 Goj\u010din \u2022 Hajvazi \u2022 Hrasno Donje \u2022 Hrasno Gornje \u2022 Jeginov Lug \u2022 Jelovo Brdo \u2022 Kalesija \u2022 Kadri\u0107i \u2022 Kika\u010di \u2022 Kosova\u010da \u2022 Kulina \u2022 Kusonje \u2022 Lipovice \u2022 Mahala \u2022 Matkovac \u2022 Memi\u0107i \u2022 Miljanovci \u2022 Osmaci \u2022 Petrovice \u2022 Prnjavor \u2022 Rainci Donji \u2022 Rainci Gornji \u2022 Rakino Brdo \u2022 Sajtovi\u0107i \u2022 Sara\u010di \u2022 Seljublje \u2022 Staro Selo \u2022 \u0160eher \u2022 Toj\u0161i\u0107i \u2022 Vil\u010devi\u0107i \u2022 Vukovije Donje \u2022 Vukovije Gornje \u2022 Zelina \u2022 Zolje \u2022 Zuki\u0107i In the area of municipality Kalesija there are six elementary schools. They are located in Kalesija, Rainci Gornji, Goj\u010din, Memi\u0107i, Vukovije and Toj\u0161i\u0107i.", "\u2022 [[Turali\u0107i (Kakanj)|Turali\u0107i]] \u2022 [[Turbi\u0107i]] \u2022 [[Varali\u0107i]] \u2022 [[Veliki Trnovci]] \u2022 [[Vidu\u0161a]] \u2022 [[Vrtli\u0161te]] \u2022 [[Vukanovi\u0107i]] \u2022 [[Zagra\u0111e (Kakanj)|Zagra\u0111e]] \u2022 [[Zgo\u0161\u0107a]] \u2022 [[Zloku\u0107e (Kakanj)|Zloku\u0107e]] \u2022 [[\u017deljezni\u010dka Stanica Kakanj]] \u2022 [[\u017divalji]] [[Brezik (Kalesija)|Brezik]] \u2022 [[Bulatovci]] \u2022 [[Dubnica (Kalesija)|Dubnica]] \u2022 [[Hrasno Donje]] \u2022 [[Hrasno Gornje]] \u2022 [[Jeginov Lug]] \u2022 [[Jelovo Brdo]] \u2022 [[Kalesija]] \u2022 [[Kalesija (selo)]] \u2022 [[Kika\u010di]] \u2022 [[Lipovice (Kalesija)|Lipovice]] \u2022 [[Memi\u0107i (Kalesija)|Memi\u0107i]] \u2022 [[Miljanovci (Kalesija)|Miljanovci]] \u2022 [[Petrovice (Kalesija)|Petrovice]] \u2022 [[Prnjavor (Kalesija)|Prnjavor]] \u2022 [[Rainci Donji]] \u2022 [[Rainci Gornji]] \u2022 [[Sara\u010di]] \u2022 [[Seljublje]]", "Rainci Donji Rainci Donji (Cyrillic: \u0420\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438 \u0414\u043e\u045a\u0438) is a village in the municipality of Kalesija, Bosnia and Herzegovina.", "Exai (album) Exai is the eleventh album by electronic music duo Autechre, released on Warp Records. The album was released in digital form on 7 February 2013, with double CD and quadruple vinyl versions released on 5 March 2013. Like other Autechre albums, \"Exai\" features album artwork by The Designers Republic. \"Exai\" has received positive reviews, with a Metacritic average rating of 80 out of 100, based on reviews from 26 critics. Grayson Currin of Pitchfork Media thought the album had some good moments, but was too long at two hours, and would have been improved by more editing and trimming. Chris Power of BBC Music was more enthusiastic, calling the album Autechre's best in fifteen years."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Quaristice an album or a song?", "answer": {"text": "Quaristice, was released in early 2008. In contrast to Untilted, it is made up of twenty tracks,", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "containing both the regular album and Quaristice (Versions), this special edition was packaged in a photo-etched steel case. It sold out within 12 hours of being announced.", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this released?", "answer": {"text": "Their ninth album, Quaristice, was released in early 2008.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was oversteps released?", "answer": {"text": "On 13 January 2010, Warp Records announced Oversteps, Autechre's tenth album. Originally slated to be released in March,", "answer_start": 1144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where there any hits from this album?", "answer": {"text": "Autechre then compiled a mix for the magazine FACT, released in February of the same year, that consisted of tracks by artists such as J Dilla and Necrophagist.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Exai released?", "answer": {"text": "The eleventh studio album entitled Exai was released on 5 March 2013,", "answer_start": 838, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were any awards won?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7095dbf0f47d47369d314826fc2cd36a_0_q#0", "question": "how did the disbandment start in regards to Frank Zappa?", "rewrite": "how did the disbandment start in regards to Frank Zappa?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zappa Plays Zappa  Zappa Plays Zappa (previously momentarily renamed as Dweezil Zappa Plays Frank Zappa) is an American tribute act led by Dweezil Zappa, the eldest son of late American composer and musician Frank Zappa, devoted to performing the music of Frank Zappa. The band debuted in 2006 with shows in Europe, Canada, and the United States during May and June (the tour was also known as \"Zappa Plays Zappa: Tour de Frank\"'). The shows presented a collection of Frank Zappa's rock-oriented compositions from the 1960s to the late 1970s. Apart from Dweezil Zappa on lead guitar, many of the band members previously played with Frank Zappa. Among those, Napoleon Murphy Brock (sax, flute, and vocals) was an integral part of the band, while drummer/vocalist Terry Bozzio and guitarist Steve Vai performed as guests in parts of the shows. At several shows the live band played along with audio and video recordings of Frank Zappa himself, notably portions of \"Chunga's Revenge\", \"Dumb All Over\", \"Cosmik Debris\", and \"Muffin Man\". After a break, the band played again in the U.S. during the fall of 2006, including a show in New York on October 31. This revived Frank Zappa's tradition of playing Halloween shows in New York. A DVD documenting the 2006 tour was released in early 2008. In July and August 2007, the band played a North American tour, with a core lineup similar to that of the 2006 band. The band then played in Europe during September and October before returning to the US, starting with another Halloween show in New York. Special guest on the tour was vocalist and guitarist Ray White, a Zappa stalwart performer in the 1970s and early 1980s.", "Scott Thunes Scott Thunes (pronounced \"too-nis\") (born January 20, 1960) is a bass player, formerly with Frank Zappa, Wayne Kramer, Steve Vai, Andy Prieboy, Mike Keneally, Fear, The Waterboys, Big Bang Beat, and others. Thunes was raised in San Anselmo, California. He played with Zappa's band from 1981 to 1988, and plays on such albums as \"The Man From Utopia\", \"Them or Us\", \"Broadway the Hard Way\", \"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore\", \"Does Humor Belong In Music?\", \"The Best Band You Never Heard In Your Life\", \"Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention\", \" Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch\", \"Make a Jazz Noise Here\", and \"Guitar\", a double-album compilation of Zappa's live guitar solos. His most prominent bass performance can be heard on Frank Zappa's \"Valley Girl\", which peaked at #32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. He played bass on Frank Zappa's \"Jazz from Hell\", which won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in 1988. Thunes lives in Northern California with his wife Georgia, and his children Hazle Nova and Virgil Mars. In February 2012, Thunes performed in California with Dweezil Zappa and the \"Zappa Plays Zappa\" band. In October 2013, he performed with the Los Angeles Philharmonic in a performance of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels, which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Classical Compendium in 2017. In June 2017, he performed in a concert of Frank Zappa's music with the Czech Philharmonic under conductor Sarah Hicks.", "Francesco Zappa (album) Francesco Zappa is a 1984 album by Frank Zappa. It features chamber music by the Italian composer Francesco Zappa, who composed between 1763 and 1788. David Ocker played a piece of Francesco Zappa's music for Frank Zappa because it was popular with some college music students. Because Francesco Zappa's music was not published and could only be found in the Mormon library, Frank Zappa decided to publish it. He then decided to program some of these pieces into his new Synclavier synthesizer. Frank Zappa found an entry for Francesco Zappa in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and then researched his sheet music in the library at UC Berkeley. According to \"The Real Frank Zappa Book\", the two musicians are not related. \"Francesco Zappa\" was the first full album on which Frank Zappa used the Synclavier, but synclavier pieces appear on \"\" and on \"Thing-Fish\" as well. All selections composed by Francesco Zappa", "Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute is a posthumous album by Frank Zappa. According to the liner notes, Frank's son Dweezil talked with his father shortly before Frank's death about the songs Frank had written that he would consider to be his \"signature\" tunes. These were \"Zoot Allures\", \"Black Napkins\" and \"Watermelon in Easter Hay\". The album compiles the original album versions of these three pieces, along with an alternate, live take of each, and the track \"Merely a Blues in A\", a blues improvisation recorded in Paris in 1974. It was released by the Zappa Family Trust and is only available online from Barfko-Swill\u2014the mail-order section on zappa.com. This release is similar in style to works such as \"Guitar, Trance-Fusion, Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar\" and \"The Guitar World According to Frank Zappa\". The album cover is illustrated by Matt Groening. All tracks written, composed and arranged by Frank Zappa.", "Muffin Man (song) \"Muffin Man\" is a song recorded live by Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. It appears on his 1975 mostly live album \"Bongo Fury\" made with Captain Beefheart (Don Van Vliet). The song begins with studio-recorded spoken word lyrics delivered by Zappa and is followed by the chorus. The song was inspired by the traditional nursery rhyme, The Muffin Man. The song closes the album, as well as the compilation \"Strictly Commercial,\" and was also used as a finale in concerts for many years afterwards. The song's tone was compared to Jimi Hendrix's style. An alternative live version of \"Muffin Man\" appears on disc one (track 22) of the compilation \"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6\". This song also appears on the 2009 album released by the Zappa Family Trust \"Philly '76,\" the 2002 album \"\" and the 2003 album \"Halloween.\" Frank Zappa's son, Dweezil, along with his Zappa Plays Zappa (ZPZ) band, have featured \"Muffin Man\" on many concert tours. In 2010, they offered video footage of Frank Zappa playing \"Muffin Man\", along with isolated Frank Zappa guitar parts, so Dweezil and ZPZ accompanied live Frank Zappa and his extended guitar solo. The meaning of the song was never fully explained by Frank Zappa, and as such there are many interpretations. The \"Muffin Man\" of the song appears to be a new kind of food aficionado, one who has taken his love for muffins to a scientific and semi-religious level. He can simply be considered an incarnation of gluttony."], "answer": {"text": "the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially.", "answer_start": 278}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7095dbf0f47d47369d314826fc2cd36a_0_q#1", "question": "what happened then?", "rewrite": "When the mothers of Invention were not faring well financially, what happened to Frank Zappa then?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Muffin Man (song) \"Muffin Man\" is a song recorded live by Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. It appears on his 1975 mostly live album \"Bongo Fury\" made with Captain Beefheart (Don Van Vliet). The song begins with studio-recorded spoken word lyrics delivered by Zappa and is followed by the chorus. The song was inspired by the traditional nursery rhyme, The Muffin Man. The song closes the album, as well as the compilation \"Strictly Commercial,\" and was also used as a finale in concerts for many years afterwards. The song's tone was compared to Jimi Hendrix's style. An alternative live version of \"Muffin Man\" appears on disc one (track 22) of the compilation \"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6\". This song also appears on the 2009 album released by the Zappa Family Trust \"Philly '76,\" the 2002 album \"\" and the 2003 album \"Halloween.\" Frank Zappa's son, Dweezil, along with his Zappa Plays Zappa (ZPZ) band, have featured \"Muffin Man\" on many concert tours. In 2010, they offered video footage of Frank Zappa playing \"Muffin Man\", along with isolated Frank Zappa guitar parts, so Dweezil and ZPZ accompanied live Frank Zappa and his extended guitar solo. The meaning of the song was never fully explained by Frank Zappa, and as such there are many interpretations. The \"Muffin Man\" of the song appears to be a new kind of food aficionado, one who has taken his love for muffins to a scientific and semi-religious level. He can simply be considered an incarnation of gluttony.", "Ian Underwood Ian Robertson Underwood (born May 22, 1939) is a woodwind and keyboards player, perhaps best known for his work with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention. Underwood graduated from The Choate School in 1957 and Yale University with a bachelor's degree in composition in 1961 and a master's degree in composition at UC Berkeley in 1966. He began his career by playing San Francisco Bay Area coffeehouses and bars with his improvisational group, the Jazz Mice, in the mid 1960s before he became a member of Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention in 1967 for their third studio album, \"We're Only in It for the Money\". He speaks on \"Uncle Meat\"; on the track \"Ian Underwood Whips It Out\" he relates how he first met Zappa and demonstrated his capabilities on the saxophone at Zappa's invitation. Underwood later worked with Frank Zappa on his solo recordings, most notably on 1969's \"Hot Rats\". He married Ruth Komanoff (Underwood), marimbist/percussionist from the Mothers of Invention in May 1969. Underwood left the Mothers of Invention in September 1973. He and Ruth divorced in 1986. After his lengthy career with Frank Zappa, he pursued a career as a session keyboardist. Underwood has since been proficient on the Minimoog synthesizer, mostly in film. He has been credited in recordings for Quincy Jones, Barbra Streisand, Ronee Blakley, Hugh Cornwell, Freddie Hubbard, Jean-Luc Ponty, Herb Alpert, Hugh Masekela, Peggy Lee, Dolly Parton, Chicago, Janet Jackson, Dave Grusin, Jefferson Airplane, Frankie Valli, the Carpenters, James Ingram, and Barry Manilow. Underwood was also one of the musicians who played the main title theme for the 1980s hit series \"Knight Rider\".", "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to one on Woodrow Wilson Drive. This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros. Records' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort. Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling. Others were irritated by 'his autocratic ways', exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members. Several members played for Zappa in years to come. Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970). After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats (1969). It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, \"Peaches en Regalia\", which reappeared several times on future recordings.", "Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of doo-wop songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute. Zappa has noted that the album was conceived in the way Stravinsky's compositions were in his neo-classical period: \"If he could take the forms and cliches of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?\" A theme from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring is heard during one song. Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". Recorded from September 1967 to September 1968 and released in early 1969 Uncle Meat was a double album of varied music and the final release by the original Mothers and was intended as a soundtrack for a proposed film of the same name. In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with the label's interference, left MGM Records for Warner Bros.' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention is a 1985 album by Frank Zappa. The album was originally released in two slightly different versions in the US and Europe. The album's title is a reference to the lobby group, the PMRC, who were campaigning to require record companies to put warning stickers on albums they considered offensive, and to Zappa's former band, the Mothers of Invention. Following distribution problems with Zappa's album \"Thing-Fish\", which former Barking Pumpkin distributor MCA Records refused to distribute, Zappa made a deal with EMI Records, which would allow \"Them or Us\" and \"Thing-Fish\" to be distributed by Capitol Records in the United States. Zappa wrote a \"warning\" which appeared on the inner sleeves of these albums, as well as \"Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention\", which stated that the albums contained content \"which a truly free society would neither fear nor suppress\", and a \"guarantee\" which stated that the lyrics would not \"cause eternal torment in the place where the guy with the horns and pointed stick conducts his business. \" The liner notes also contained a quote from Senator Ernest Hollings, who testified during the PMRC hearings: \"\u2026if I could find some way constitutionally to do away with it [foul language in music], I would\", as well as Zappa's oft-repeated liner notes request for his fans to register to vote. The original US version of the album contains the track \"Porn Wars\" \u2013 a sound collage featuring excerpts from PMRC hearings."], "answer": {"text": "fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros.", "answer_start": 746}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did the disbandment start in regards to Frank Zappa?", "answer": {"text": "the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially.", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7095dbf0f47d47369d314826fc2cd36a_0_q#2", "question": "what happened to the other members of the band?", "rewrite": "Besides Frank Zappa, what happened to the other members of The Mothers of Invention?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zappa Plays Zappa  Zappa Plays Zappa (previously momentarily renamed as Dweezil Zappa Plays Frank Zappa) is an American tribute act led by Dweezil Zappa, the eldest son of late American composer and musician Frank Zappa, devoted to performing the music of Frank Zappa. The band debuted in 2006 with shows in Europe, Canada, and the United States during May and June (the tour was also known as \"Zappa Plays Zappa: Tour de Frank\"'). The shows presented a collection of Frank Zappa's rock-oriented compositions from the 1960s to the late 1970s. Apart from Dweezil Zappa on lead guitar, many of the band members previously played with Frank Zappa. Among those, Napoleon Murphy Brock (sax, flute, and vocals) was an integral part of the band, while drummer/vocalist Terry Bozzio and guitarist Steve Vai performed as guests in parts of the shows. At several shows the live band played along with audio and video recordings of Frank Zappa himself, notably portions of \"Chunga's Revenge\", \"Dumb All Over\", \"Cosmik Debris\", and \"Muffin Man\". After a break, the band played again in the U.S. during the fall of 2006, including a show in New York on October 31. This revived Frank Zappa's tradition of playing Halloween shows in New York. A DVD documenting the 2006 tour was released in early 2008. In July and August 2007, the band played a North American tour, with a core lineup similar to that of the 2006 band. The band then played in Europe during September and October before returning to the US, starting with another Halloween show in New York. Special guest on the tour was vocalist and guitarist Ray White, a Zappa stalwart performer in the 1970s and early 1980s.", "Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention is a 1985 album by Frank Zappa. The album was originally released in two slightly different versions in the US and Europe. The album's title is a reference to the lobby group, the PMRC, who were campaigning to require record companies to put warning stickers on albums they considered offensive, and to Zappa's former band, the Mothers of Invention. Following distribution problems with Zappa's album \"Thing-Fish\", which former Barking Pumpkin distributor MCA Records refused to distribute, Zappa made a deal with EMI Records, which would allow \"Them or Us\" and \"Thing-Fish\" to be distributed by Capitol Records in the United States. Zappa wrote a \"warning\" which appeared on the inner sleeves of these albums, as well as \"Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention\", which stated that the albums contained content \"which a truly free society would neither fear nor suppress\", and a \"guarantee\" which stated that the lyrics would not \"cause eternal torment in the place where the guy with the horns and pointed stick conducts his business. \" The liner notes also contained a quote from Senator Ernest Hollings, who testified during the PMRC hearings: \"\u2026if I could find some way constitutionally to do away with it [foul language in music], I would\", as well as Zappa's oft-repeated liner notes request for his fans to register to vote. The original US version of the album contains the track \"Porn Wars\" \u2013 a sound collage featuring excerpts from PMRC hearings.", "Ian Underwood Ian Robertson Underwood (born May 22, 1939) is a woodwind and keyboards player, perhaps best known for his work with Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention. Underwood graduated from The Choate School in 1957 and Yale University with a bachelor's degree in composition in 1961 and a master's degree in composition at UC Berkeley in 1966. He began his career by playing San Francisco Bay Area coffeehouses and bars with his improvisational group, the Jazz Mice, in the mid 1960s before he became a member of Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention in 1967 for their third studio album, \"We're Only in It for the Money\". He speaks on \"Uncle Meat\"; on the track \"Ian Underwood Whips It Out\" he relates how he first met Zappa and demonstrated his capabilities on the saxophone at Zappa's invitation. Underwood later worked with Frank Zappa on his solo recordings, most notably on 1969's \"Hot Rats\". He married Ruth Komanoff (Underwood), marimbist/percussionist from the Mothers of Invention in May 1969. Underwood left the Mothers of Invention in September 1973. He and Ruth divorced in 1986. After his lengthy career with Frank Zappa, he pursued a career as a session keyboardist. Underwood has since been proficient on the Minimoog synthesizer, mostly in film. He has been credited in recordings for Quincy Jones, Barbra Streisand, Ronee Blakley, Hugh Cornwell, Freddie Hubbard, Jean-Luc Ponty, Herb Alpert, Hugh Masekela, Peggy Lee, Dolly Parton, Chicago, Janet Jackson, Dave Grusin, Jefferson Airplane, Frankie Valli, the Carpenters, James Ingram, and Barry Manilow. Underwood was also one of the musicians who played the main title theme for the 1980s hit series \"Knight Rider\".", "Ruben and the Jets  Ruben and the Jets was an American, Los Angeles-based rock band, active between 1972 and 1974. Led by Ruben Guevara, band members included, Ruben and the Jets released two albums, the first of which was produced by Frank Zappa, whose band The Mothers of Invention had previously released an album titled \"Cruising with Ruben & the Jets\", for which Guevera had named his band. There was also an Austrian band of the same name (1991 album \" Something Strange Has Happened\") but they were not related. There was nobody in that band named Ruben, and they did not play doo-wop, so it's unclear why they chose this name. In 1968, Frank Zappa released a concept album titled \"Cruising with Ruben & the Jets\", with members of The Mothers of Invention taking on the personas of a fictional 1950s doo-wop group. Singer/songwriter/musician Ruben Guevara approached Frank Zappa following a concert to tell him how much he loved the album, pointing out that he shared a first name with the album's fictional lead singer, and that Guevara had performed music of the style. Two years later, Zappa suggested that Guevera start his own band, and eventually gave approval for the band to be named \"Ruben and the Jets\". The band toured alongside the Mothers of Invention in 1972. Former Mothers of Invention member Euclid James \"Motorhead\" Sherwood came to join the band in 1973. Zappa took on the duty of producer for the band's 1973 debut album, \"For Real!\", which was released by Mercury Records.", "Muffin Man (song) \"Muffin Man\" is a song recorded live by Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. It appears on his 1975 mostly live album \"Bongo Fury\" made with Captain Beefheart (Don Van Vliet). The song begins with studio-recorded spoken word lyrics delivered by Zappa and is followed by the chorus. The song was inspired by the traditional nursery rhyme, The Muffin Man. The song closes the album, as well as the compilation \"Strictly Commercial,\" and was also used as a finale in concerts for many years afterwards. The song's tone was compared to Jimi Hendrix's style. An alternative live version of \"Muffin Man\" appears on disc one (track 22) of the compilation \"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6\". This song also appears on the 2009 album released by the Zappa Family Trust \"Philly '76,\" the 2002 album \"\" and the 2003 album \"Halloween.\" Frank Zappa's son, Dweezil, along with his Zappa Plays Zappa (ZPZ) band, have featured \"Muffin Man\" on many concert tours. In 2010, they offered video footage of Frank Zappa playing \"Muffin Man\", along with isolated Frank Zappa guitar parts, so Dweezil and ZPZ accompanied live Frank Zappa and his extended guitar solo. The meaning of the song was never fully explained by Frank Zappa, and as such there are many interpretations. The \"Muffin Man\" of the song appears to be a new kind of food aficionado, one who has taken his love for muffins to a scientific and semi-religious level. He can simply be considered an incarnation of gluttony."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did the disbandment start in regards to Frank Zappa?", "answer": {"text": "the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially.", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened then?", "answer": {"text": "fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros.", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7095dbf0f47d47369d314826fc2cd36a_0_q#3", "question": "any interesting facts about this disbandment?", "rewrite": "any interesting facts about the disbandment of the Mothers of Invention?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Odessa Film Studio Odessa Film Studio () is the first film studio established in Russian Empire (Odessa). It is partially owned by a government and supervised by the Department of State property fund of Ukraine together with the Ministry of Culture. Together with Dovzhenko Film Studios they are the only state-owned and major film producers in the country. The studio is located at Frantsuzky bulvar 33 (33 French Boulevard), Odessa, Ukraine. In a close vicinity to it is located a smaller film studio House of Mask. The studio is located in the downtown right near the shore of Black Sea covering some and consisting of three pavilions of , , and . Inside the studio's building is located another film studio, Vira Kholodna Film Studio and the Odessa Film School. The Odessa Film Studio has its own movie theater, U-Cinema, which is also located in the same building. On the territory of the studio there is a Museum of the Cinema, in which you can find out about many interesting facts on the history of the cinema. Here you can find historic materials, from the invention of cinema, to the postmodern, digital and avant garde. In 2019, the National Bank of Ukraine issued a commemorative coin 100 years Odessa Film Studio . In addition, the main Ukraine post service issued a special anniversary stamp dedicated to the Odessa film studio.", "Now I Know (newsletter) Now I Know is a daily email newsletter about trivia written by Dan Lewis. Described as \"a newer, less snarky iteration of Cecil Adams\u2019 The Straight Dope,\" it has been running since 2010 with over 100,000 subscribers as of 2018. The newsletter won a Webby Award for email newsletters in 2013 and 2014. Lewis credits his success to his engagement with his community, claiming he replies to nearly every email sent to him. He also notes his Jewish background saying \"[T]here's an oral tradition in Judaism to explain and analyze things\" which is the general theme of his newsletter which uses seemingly obscure facts to tell a bigger story. The newsletter has been turned into two books, \" Now I Know: The Revealing Stories Behind the World \u2019s Most Interesting Facts\" and \"Now I Know More: The Revealing Stories Behind Even More of the World's Most Interesting Facts. \" The newsletter is also being expanded to a YouTube series featuring Matt Silverman. Topics in the newsletter range from to topical coverage such as the history of collect calling in the United States, to where the fear of poisoned Halloween candy comes from. Lewis is a lawyer and co-founder of ArmchairGM, which was purchased by Wikia. He was an early blogger and is currently the Senior Director of Digital Marketing at Sesame Workshop where he used to tweet for Big Bird and started most of Sesame Street's social media accounts. Lewis was also the Connecticut State Magic the Gathering Champion in 1997.", "In May 2019, Caine was cast in Christopher Nolan's \"Tenet\", set for release in July 2020. Caine is regarded as a British cultural icon, with Mairi Mackay of CNN stating: \"Michael Caine has been personifying British cool since the swinging sixties. He has brought some of British cinema's most iconic characters to life and introduced his very own laid-back cockney gangster into pop culture. He doggedly retained a regional accent at a time when the plummy tones of Received Pronunciation were considered obligatory. It is a sweet irony that his accent has become his calling card.\" With his distinctive voice and manner of speaking, Caine is a popular subject for impersonators and mimics. Most Caine impressions include the catchphrase \"Not a lot of people know that. \" The catchphrase emanates from Caine's habit of informing people of obscure \"interesting facts\" that he has collected. Referring to Caine as being the \"biggest mine of useless information\", Peter Sellers initiated the catchphrase when he appeared on BBC1's \"Parkinson\" show on 28 October 1972 and said:  Over the years Caine himself had parodied the phenomenon, both his catchphrase and his \"interesting facts\", and has imitated others' impressions of him. In an interview with Michael Parkinson in 2007, Caine commented on the impersonations of his voice, \"I can do it. ' Hello. My name is Michael Caine. Not many people know that.' I sound like a bloody moron. You know where they've got me now? On birthday cards. ' It's your birthday today. Not many people know that'. Now they've got me on Satellite navigation. It's me going, 'take the second turn on the right, and you'll wind up right in the shit.'", "Horrible Histories (book series) Horrible Histories is a series of illustrated history books published in the United Kingdom by Scholastic, and part of the Horrible Histories franchise. The books are written by Terry Deary, Peter Hepplewhite, and Neil Tonge, and illustrated by Martin Brown, Mike Phillips, Phillip Reeve, and Kate Sheppard. The first titles in the series, \"The Terrible Tudors\" and \"The Awesome Egyptians\", were published in June 1993. As of 2011, with more than 60 titles, the series had sold over 25 million copies in over 30 languages. The books have had tie-ins with newspapers such as \"The Telegraph\", as well as audio-book tie-ins distributed with breakfast cereals. Terry Deary studied at drama college and worked as an actor-teacher at the TIE company in Wales. He then became a theatre director and began to write plays for children. Many of his TIE plays were eventually rewritten and adapted into the \"Horrible Histories\" book series. Deary said \"I was in this small touring company, taking plays for children round Welsh village halls. I did find I had this facility for knocking ideas into scripts.\" By the time the idea of \"Horrible Histories\" was presented to him by his publisher, Deary had written around 50 children's novels. \" The Guardian\" explains, \"they wanted a 'history joke book' and\u2014when he protested that he knew nothing about history\u2013offered to provide the facts to go with the gags.\" Deary explains the series' inception thus: \"The publishers originally asked for a joke book with a history theme. They said, 'Put in a few interesting facts to break up the jokes because some of your jokes are very bad.' And when I looked at the facts, I found they were much more interesting than the jokes.", "Immigrants from Ukraine were the parents of Serge Gainsbourg, Leonard Nimoy, Vira Farmiga and Taissa Farmiga, grandparents - Steven Spielberg, Dustin Hoffman, Sylvester Stallone, Kirk Douglas, Leonardo DiCaprio, Winona Ryder, Whoopi Goldberg, Edward Dmytryk, Lenny Kravitz and Zo\u00eb Kravitz, illusionist David Copperfield, animator Bill Tytla. Despite a history of important and successful productions, the industry has often been characterised by a debate about its identity and the level of Russian and European influence. Ukrainian producers are active in international co-productions, while Ukrainian actors, directors and crew feature regularly in Russian (and formerly Soviet) films. Successful films have been based on Ukrainian people, stories or events, including Battleship Potemkin, Man with a Movie Camera, and Everything Is Illuminated. The Ukrainian State Film Agency owns National Oleksandr Dovzhenko Film Centre, film copying laboratory and archive, and takes part in hosting of the Odessa International Film Festival. Another festival, Molodist in Kiev, is the only FIAPF accredited International Film Festival held in Ukraine; the competition program has sections for student films, first short film, and first full feature films from all over the world. It is held annually in October. On the territory of Odesa film studio, there is a Museum of the Cinema, in which you can find out about many interesting facts on the history of the cinema in general and history of Ukrainian cinema as a part. Here you can find historic materials, from the invention of cinema, to the postmodern, digital and avant garde. is administrated by the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine and the Ukrainian Association of Cinematographers."], "answer": {"text": "After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats", "answer_start": 1540}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did the disbandment start in regards to Frank Zappa?", "answer": {"text": "the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially.", "answer_start": 278, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened then?", "answer": {"text": "fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros.", "answer_start": 746, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened to the other members of the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#0", "question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "rewrite": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" ."], "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Jakko Jakszyk's solo Silesia, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs."], "answer": {"text": "Chiswick declared bankruptcy while the album was at the manufacturing stage (", "answer_start": 378}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#2", "question": "did he recover?", "rewrite": "Did Chiswick recover after declaring bankruptcy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1878 the parish gained a triangle of land in the east which had formed a detached part of Ealing. From 1894 to 1927 the parish formed the Chiswick Urban District. In 1927 it was abolished and its former area was merged with that of Brentford Urban District to form Brentford and Chiswick Urban District. The amalgamated district became a municipal borough in 1932. The borough of Brentford and Chiswick was abolished in 1965, and its former area was transferred to Greater London to form part of the London Borough of Hounslow. With these changes, Chiswick Town Hall is no longer the local government centre but is still used for some council services. There was a Brentford and Chiswick Parliament constituency from 1918 to 1974. Chiswick forms part of the Brentford and Isleworth Parliament constituency. The MP is Ruth Cadbury (Labour), elected at the May 2015 general election replacing Mary Macleod (Conservative). For elections to the London Assembly Chiswick is in the South West constituency, represented since 2000 by Tony Arbour, of the Conservative Party. For elections to Hounslow London Borough Council, Chiswick is represented by three electoral wards: Turnham Green, Chiswick Homefields and Chiswick Riverside. Each ward elects three councillors, who serve four-year terms. For 2010\u201314, all nine councillors were Conservatives. It was one of 35 major centres identified in the statutory planning document of Greater London, the London Plan of 2008. Chiswick occupies a meander of the River Thames, west of Charing Cross. The district is built up towards the north with more open space in the south, including the grounds of Chiswick House and Duke's Meadows. Chiswick has one main shopping area, the Chiswick High Road, forming a long high street in the north. The river forms the southern boundary with Kew, including North Sheen, Mortlake and Barnes in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames.", "The North London line crosses Chiswick (north-south); London Overground stations are Gunnersbury and South Acton. Chiswick's local rugby union teams include Chiswick RFC, formerly Old Meadonians RFC. The team plays league games on a Saturday at Dukes Meadows. Chiswick's cricket club, formerly known as Turnham Green and Polytechnic, plays at Riverside Drive. On Chiswick Common is the Rocks Lane Multi Sports Centre, where there are tennis, five-a-side football and netball courts available to hire to the public. Private tennis coaching for individuals and groups is also available. The Chiswick reach of the Thames is heavily used for competitive and recreational rowing. Championship Course from Mortlake to Putney runs past Chiswick Eyot and Duke's Meadows. The Boat Race is contested on the Championship Course on a flood tide (in other words from Putney to Mortlake) with Duke's Meadows a popular view-point for the closing stages of the race. The finishing post is just downstream of Chiswick Bridge. Other important races such as the Head of the River Race race the reverse course, on an ebb tide. Chiswick is home to several clubs. The University of London Boat Club is based in its boathouse off Hartington Road, which also houses the clubs of many London colleges and teaching hospitals; recent members include Tim Foster, Gold medallist at the Sydney Olympics and Frances Houghton, World Champion in 2005, 2006 and 2007. Quintin Boat Club lies between Chiswick Quay Marina and Chiswick Bridge. Tideway Scullers School is just downriver of Chiswick Bridge; its members include single sculling World Champion Mah\u00e9 Drysdale and Great Britain single sculler Alan Campbell. Chiswick High Road was once home to the \"Chequered Flag\" garage and its associated motor racing team.", "Chiswick School Chiswick School is an English secondary school with academy status in Chiswick, West London. It educates more than 1,200 pupils, aged 11 to 18 years. The school also includes 200 pupils studying at the upper school sixth form, which is located within the school grounds. On 1 March 2012, Chiswick Community School changed from a local council school to an Academy, to reflect this change the school's name changed from Chiswick Community School to Chiswick School, the name it had when it first became a comprehensive school. Chiswick School is located beside Chiswick House and has adopted a picture of the house as its logo. Most of the buildings are new, however the North Eastern block still remains from the original girls' school. Before the school was built a farm was on the site. Due to its location it has a very wide catchment area taking pupils from the borough of Hounslow as well as Kensington and Chelsea, Richmond, Hammersmith and Fulham and Ealing. Chiswick School prides itself on being a very multicultural school; its students have ethnic backgrounds ranging from Asian to African. Due to this diversity, it has double the national average of students for whom English is a second language. Because of the prevalence of prominent all-girls schools in the local area, Chiswick School's intake is roughly 60% male. It is situated next to \"Alexandra Avenue\" (A316), south of Chiswick House and near the Civil Service Sports Ground. Joan Ann Maynard is a teacher. In 2011, 92% of Chiswick School students achieved 5 GCSE or equivalents at grades A * to C in a school record for this measure, whilst 60% achieved 5 good grades including English and Maths. In 2011, 33% of A Level results were in the A and A* category.", "They reversed some questionable programs like having three separate point seasons in a year (as opposed to having one continuous season for about a year) meaning a racer would race for the lowest number he could get not once but three times). However, they decided to hold the remaining Pro Spectaculars despite the immediate financial gain it would cause by canceling them; the damage it would cause with their relations with the pros far out weighed in their view of any immediate financial benefit. They tried to stave off bankruptcy by paying off other debts, although declaring bankruptcy would have also helped the ABA immediately. As canceling the remaining Pro Spectaculars would have been bad policy regarding the pros, the new management felt that declaring bankruptcy would have put out a false impression to track operators around the country that the USBA would exploit. Despite all efforts and the Internal Revenue Service at the door and a reported liability to twenty creditors of $700,000 to $750,000. Most of the financial hemorrhaging was inflicted by the losses over \"Bicycles and Dirt\" magazine. Anderson and Vargas filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on November 25, 1985. Bankruptcy protection was not the end as many people think, it simply allows a company to keep functioning while a disinterested third party, in this case the Federal courts to work out how it would pay it debts. As predicted, the USBA tried to take advantage of the situation, with some success, by playing on the fears of track operators. Some tracks worried about the solvency of the ABA changed their affiliation to the USBA. The USBA tried to fan a stampede by calling individual track operators and citing the precarious position of the ABA with the publicly published court papers outlining the debts incurred by the ABA under Merl Mennenga.", "Peter Chiswick Peter John Henry Chiswick (19 September 1929 \u2013 August 1962) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper in the Football League for West Ham United and Gillingham. Chiswick initially signed amateur terms with Colchester United in 1946, while also registering for West Ham's colts team. His performances during the 1946\u201347 season saw West Ham sign Chiswick professionally, but he had to wait until 1954 to have his first taste of first-team football. After 19 league appearances, Chiswick left the club in 1956 to join Gillingham. Here, he made 14 appearances, and later turned out for Margate and Barking. Born in Plaistow, Essex, Chiswick hailed from Wivenhoe, Essex. He signed for nearby Southern League side Colchester United as an amateur on 14 July 1946. He was also registered to West Ham United's colts team. Following in his father's footsteps as a goalkeeper, Chiswick made 15 appearances for Colchester during the 1946\u201347 season, and his performances impressed enough that West Ham decided to offer him a professional contract in July 1947. Colchester asked to keep Chiswick for the 1947\u201348 season, but West Ham declined and Chiswick continued his development in their Football Combination and Eastern Counties League teams. Chiswick finally made his West Ham and Football League debut on 6 February 1954 as his side defeated Leeds United 5\u20132. He made 19 consecutive appearances from the latter stages of the 1953\u201354 season and the early part of the 1954\u201355 season, before losing his place in the starting line-up. For the 1956\u201357 season, Chiswick moved to Third Division South side Gillingham, where over the course of the season, he made 14 league appearances. After this season, Chiswick remained in Kent with Margate, before becoming player-coach at Barking. He died in August 1962 from a throat infection."], "answer": {"text": "In 1983, Jakszyk signed a second solo recording contract with Stiff Records.", "answer_start": 715}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Chiswick declared bankruptcy while the album was at the manufacturing stage (", "answer_start": 378, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#3", "question": "Did he have any other hits?", "rewrite": "In addition to Silesia, did Jakko Jakszyk have any other hits?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived."], "answer": {"text": "(\"Dangerous Dreams\", \"I Can't Stand This Pressure\", and \"Who's Fooling Who\")", "answer_start": 845}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Chiswick declared bankruptcy while the album was at the manufacturing stage (", "answer_start": 378, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recover?", "answer": {"text": "In 1983, Jakszyk signed a second solo recording contract with Stiff Records.", "answer_start": 715, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#4", "question": "Any chart toppers?", "rewrite": "Did Jakko Jakszyk have any songs that were chart toppers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived.", "Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs."], "answer": {"text": "Due for release in 1985, this album met the same fate as Silesia.", "answer_start": 972}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Chiswick declared bankruptcy while the album was at the manufacturing stage (", "answer_start": 378, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recover?", "answer": {"text": "In 1983, Jakszyk signed a second solo recording contract with Stiff Records.", "answer_start": 715, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other hits?", "answer": {"text": "(\"Dangerous Dreams\", \"I Can't Stand This Pressure\", and \"Who's Fooling Who\")", "answer_start": 845, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#5", "question": "What fate was that?", "rewrite": "What fate did Jakko Jakszyk's solo Silesia have?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November."], "answer": {"text": "It was shelved in 1985 when Stiff Records filed for bankruptcy.", "answer_start": 1038}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Chiswick declared bankruptcy while the album was at the manufacturing stage (", "answer_start": 378, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recover?", "answer": {"text": "In 1983, Jakszyk signed a second solo recording contract with Stiff Records.", "answer_start": 715, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other hits?", "answer": {"text": "(\"Dangerous Dreams\", \"I Can't Stand This Pressure\", and \"Who's Fooling Who\")", "answer_start": 845, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any chart toppers?", "answer": {"text": "Due for release in 1985, this album met the same fate as Silesia.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#6", "question": "Any other interesting aspects>", "rewrite": "Besides Jakko Jakszyk's songs, are there any other interesting aspects?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" ."], "answer": {"text": "Jakko supplemented his income with acting work while continuing to pursue music.", "answer_start": 1132}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Chiswick declared bankruptcy while the album was at the manufacturing stage (", "answer_start": 378, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recover?", "answer": {"text": "In 1983, Jakszyk signed a second solo recording contract with Stiff Records.", "answer_start": 715, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other hits?", "answer": {"text": "(\"Dangerous Dreams\", \"I Can't Stand This Pressure\", and \"Who's Fooling Who\")", "answer_start": 845, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any chart toppers?", "answer": {"text": "Due for release in 1985, this album met the same fate as Silesia.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What fate was that?", "answer": {"text": "It was shelved in 1985 when Stiff Records filed for bankruptcy.", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3048965d7c2c40fcae2c4c61fa428dbf_0_q#7", "question": "Did he play in and movies?", "rewrite": "Did Jakko Jakszyk play in movies?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November."], "answer": {"text": "playing a prominent role on the Stewart-produced Neil's Heavy Concept Album", "answer_start": 1316}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Jakko Jakszyk's first solo?", "answer": {"text": "Silesia,", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Chiswick declared bankruptcy while the album was at the manufacturing stage (", "answer_start": 378, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recover?", "answer": {"text": "In 1983, Jakszyk signed a second solo recording contract with Stiff Records.", "answer_start": 715, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other hits?", "answer": {"text": "(\"Dangerous Dreams\", \"I Can't Stand This Pressure\", and \"Who's Fooling Who\")", "answer_start": 845, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any chart toppers?", "answer": {"text": "Due for release in 1985, this album met the same fate as Silesia.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What fate was that?", "answer": {"text": "It was shelved in 1985 when Stiff Records filed for bankruptcy.", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other interesting aspects>", "answer": {"text": "Jakko supplemented his income with acting work while continuing to pursue music.", "answer_start": 1132, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7a69e32e56f410f8dd0ff4cdf1b493d_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Greg LeMond born?", "rewrite": "Where was Greg LeMond born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["La Vie Claire La Vie Claire was a professional road bicycle racing team named after its chief sponsor La Vie Claire, a chain of health food stores. The La Vie Claire team was created in 1984 by Bernard Tapie and directed by Paul K\u00f6echli. The team included five-time Tour de France winner Bernard Hinault, and three-time winner, Greg LeMond, as well as Andrew Hampsten and the Canadian Steve Bauer. With Hinault winning the Tour in 1985, and LeMond winning in 1986, plus winning the team trophy both years, La Vie Claire cemented their place in cycling team history. The team formed after Bernard Hinault had a dispute with his former directeur sportif Cyrille Guimard of Renault-Elf-Gitane with whom Hinault had won four editions of the Tour de France. After Hinault's teammate Laurent Fignon won the 1983 Tour de France while Hinault was injured, Fignon became the designated leader of the team. Hinault formed the La Vie Claire team with Tapie and Koechli and steadily built up his form. During the 1984 Tour de France, Renault-Elf-Gitane dominated the race with 8 stage wins including the Team time trial as well as wearing the yellow jersey from the 5th stage onward with Vincent Barteau and Laurent Fignon. Fignon won the Tour by over ten minutes from Hinault. In addition with World Champion Greg LeMond the Renault team also finished third overall in that Tour and LeMond won the Young rider's jersey. After this dominance by the Renault-Elf-Gitane team, Tapie and Hinault approached Greg LeMond after the 1984 Tour with a one-million dollar contract offer - the first in cycling history - to leave Renault-Elf-Gitane and join Hinault at La Vie Claire.", "Landis testified at the hearing that Geoghegan came to know of LeMond's childhood sexual abuse through discussions with the defense team, and obtained his personal mobile phone number by syncing their phones together. Geoghegan blamed \"a beer or two\" for his action, and entered an undisclosed rehab facility on May 21. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office opened an investigation of the incident as a potential witness tampering and then terminated the case without prosecution on July 31. LeMond's testimony was supported by an online posting Landis made on the Daily Peloton forum in which Landis stated that LeMond had disclosed personal information of a sensitive nature to Landis, and Landis threatened to use that information to damage LeMond if LeMond continued to speak out about Landis' doping case. Several weeks after his testimony, Greg LeMond and his wife Kathy gave an extensive interview to the \"Sunday Times\". He provided additional details on the circumstances of his 2001 apology to Armstrong, stating that Trek, the longtime manufacturer and distributor of LeMond Racing Cycles, had threatened to end the relationship at the behest of Armstrong. He described the two years that followed the forced apology as the worst in his life, marked by self-destructive behavior that ultimately led him to disclose his sexual abuse to his wife and seek help. LeMond also described how being a victim of molestation had impacted both his racing career and his life since. In September 2007, Greg LeMond became a founding board member of the non-profit organization 1in6.org, whose mission is \"to help men who have had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences in childhood live healthy, happy lives\".", "LeMond Racing Cycles LeMond Racing Cycles is a bicycle manufacturer founded by Greg LeMond, an American winner of the Tour de France. LeMond offered a geometry based on the racing frames he used in competition, which had a longer top tube and wheelbase in an otherwise traditional lightweight steel frame. This was to stretch out the rider on the bicycle, with the intent of both lowering the frontal area presented to the wind, and optimizing power and stability. From 1995 until February 2010 Trek licensed LeMond's name for use on a line of its bicycles, believing that the cachet of the name, a diversifying brand portfolio, plus having models offering a longer top tube than Trek's frame geometries helped to expand the bicycle-sales opportunities for the Trek corporation. In September 2013, LeMond partnered with Time Sports to produce a limited run of 300 frames to commemorate his three Tour victories in 1986, 1989, and 1990. In August 2014, Greg LeMond launched the Washoe, a Reynolds 853 steel bike manufactured in the United States. Greg LeMond was a pioneer in the use of carbon fiber bicycle frames in European professional road cycling, and his Tour de France win in 1986 ahead of Bernard Hinault was the first for carbon. LeMond rode a \"Bernard Hinault\" Signature Model Look prototype that year. LeMond also won the 1989 Tour and World's, and his final Tour de France in 1990 on carbon fiber frames, which had begun to feature \"Greg LeMond\" branding. In 1986, LeMond founded LeMond Bicycles to develop machines for himself that would also be marketed and sold to the public. In 1990, searching for an equipment edge for Team Z at the 1991 Tour de France, LeMond concluded an exclusive licensing agreement between his company and Carbonframes, Inc., to access the latter's advanced composites technology.", "While LeMond briefly led the 1991 Tour while riding his Carbonframes-produced \"Greg LeMond\" bicycle, the company faltered, something LeMond blamed on \"undercapitalization\" and poor management by his father, although Carbonframes and LeMond Cycles \"parted amiably two years later.\" In 1995, LeMond reached a licensing agreement with Trek, according to which the Wisconsin-based company would manufacture and distribute bicycles designed with LeMond that would be sold under the \"LeMond Bicycles\" brand. LeMond would later claim that going into business with Trek \"destroyed\" his relationship with his father. In 2001 the Trek deal proved painful for LeMond as he was forced by John Burke, the head of Trek, to apologize for the negative comments about Michele Ferrari, doping, and Lance Armstrong, who was by then a very important marketing force for Trek. LeMond's contract with Trek had a clause prohibiting LeMond from doing anything that would damage Trek. Burke reminded LeMond of this commitment, and strongly argued that LeMond publicly retract his statements. LeMond read a formal apology to Armstrong. In March 2008 LeMond Cycling Inc filed a complaint against Trek for breach of contract, claiming that they had not made a \"best efforts\" attempt to sell his bicycles, as well as describing the attempts to 'silence' him about doping, including incidents in 2001 and 2004. His complaint included statistics detailing slow sales in some markets, including the fact that between September 2001 and June 2007, Trek only sold $10,393 worth of LeMond bikes in France, a country in which LeMond remains both famous and popular. In April 2008 Trek countersued and stopped building bikes under the LeMond brand. In connection with that announcement Trek also gave a short timeline of the Trek-Greg LeMond association. These lawsuits were settled in February 2010.", "Also, Trek is starting to provide bike shops with funds to start recycling old tubes to be sent to Alchemy Goods in Seattle, Washington, to be made into bags, seat bags, and panniers. Bontrager branded products include helmets, tires, wheels, handlebars, stems, seatposts, saddles, electronics and cycling shoes, water bottles and other cycling clothing and accessories The relationship between Trek and Tour-de-France winner Greg LeMond went back to at least 1995 when LeMond licensed Trek to produce LeMond branded bicycles. According to Trek, \"In 1999, the LeMond line was one of the fastest growing road bike brands and one of the top five largest road bike brands in the United States\". In March 2008, LeMond Cycling Inc prepared a suit against Trek, accusing it of bowing to pressure from \"third parties\" to \"wind down\" his brand through lack of distribution and promotion, especially in the European market. The complaint also says that \"Since 2001, Trek has systematically sought to silence Mr. LeMond's right to make comments that constitute an informed and honest opinion on matters of legitimate public interest \u2013 the problems associated with the use of performance enhancing substances\". The complaint includes examples of Trek threatening its ties with LeMond in 2001 and 2004 after he made public statements against doping, Michele Ferrari, and Lance Armstrong Trek responded in April 2008 by suing to sever business ties with LeMond. Trek's press release said that \"LeMond's suit was characterized by Burke as containing false and irresponsible allegations\". Burke also said \"for years, Greg LeMond has done and said things that have damaged the LeMond brand and the Trek brand as a whole\". . . . \"His actions are inconsistent with our values\u2014values we believe in and live everyday."], "answer": {"text": "Lakewood, California,", "answer_start": 24}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f7a69e32e56f410f8dd0ff4cdf1b493d_1_q#1", "question": "What was his childhood like?", "rewrite": "What was Greg LeMond childhood like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["La Vie Claire La Vie Claire was a professional road bicycle racing team named after its chief sponsor La Vie Claire, a chain of health food stores. The La Vie Claire team was created in 1984 by Bernard Tapie and directed by Paul K\u00f6echli. The team included five-time Tour de France winner Bernard Hinault, and three-time winner, Greg LeMond, as well as Andrew Hampsten and the Canadian Steve Bauer. With Hinault winning the Tour in 1985, and LeMond winning in 1986, plus winning the team trophy both years, La Vie Claire cemented their place in cycling team history. The team formed after Bernard Hinault had a dispute with his former directeur sportif Cyrille Guimard of Renault-Elf-Gitane with whom Hinault had won four editions of the Tour de France. After Hinault's teammate Laurent Fignon won the 1983 Tour de France while Hinault was injured, Fignon became the designated leader of the team. Hinault formed the La Vie Claire team with Tapie and Koechli and steadily built up his form. During the 1984 Tour de France, Renault-Elf-Gitane dominated the race with 8 stage wins including the Team time trial as well as wearing the yellow jersey from the 5th stage onward with Vincent Barteau and Laurent Fignon. Fignon won the Tour by over ten minutes from Hinault. In addition with World Champion Greg LeMond the Renault team also finished third overall in that Tour and LeMond won the Young rider's jersey. After this dominance by the Renault-Elf-Gitane team, Tapie and Hinault approached Greg LeMond after the 1984 Tour with a one-million dollar contract offer - the first in cycling history - to leave Renault-Elf-Gitane and join Hinault at La Vie Claire.", "Also, Trek is starting to provide bike shops with funds to start recycling old tubes to be sent to Alchemy Goods in Seattle, Washington, to be made into bags, seat bags, and panniers. Bontrager branded products include helmets, tires, wheels, handlebars, stems, seatposts, saddles, electronics and cycling shoes, water bottles and other cycling clothing and accessories The relationship between Trek and Tour-de-France winner Greg LeMond went back to at least 1995 when LeMond licensed Trek to produce LeMond branded bicycles. According to Trek, \"In 1999, the LeMond line was one of the fastest growing road bike brands and one of the top five largest road bike brands in the United States\". In March 2008, LeMond Cycling Inc prepared a suit against Trek, accusing it of bowing to pressure from \"third parties\" to \"wind down\" his brand through lack of distribution and promotion, especially in the European market. The complaint also says that \"Since 2001, Trek has systematically sought to silence Mr. LeMond's right to make comments that constitute an informed and honest opinion on matters of legitimate public interest \u2013 the problems associated with the use of performance enhancing substances\". The complaint includes examples of Trek threatening its ties with LeMond in 2001 and 2004 after he made public statements against doping, Michele Ferrari, and Lance Armstrong Trek responded in April 2008 by suing to sever business ties with LeMond. Trek's press release said that \"LeMond's suit was characterized by Burke as containing false and irresponsible allegations\". Burke also said \"for years, Greg LeMond has done and said things that have damaged the LeMond brand and the Trek brand as a whole\". . . . \"His actions are inconsistent with our values\u2014values we believe in and live everyday.", "Landis testified at the hearing that Geoghegan came to know of LeMond's childhood sexual abuse through discussions with the defense team, and obtained his personal mobile phone number by syncing their phones together. Geoghegan blamed \"a beer or two\" for his action, and entered an undisclosed rehab facility on May 21. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office opened an investigation of the incident as a potential witness tampering and then terminated the case without prosecution on July 31. LeMond's testimony was supported by an online posting Landis made on the Daily Peloton forum in which Landis stated that LeMond had disclosed personal information of a sensitive nature to Landis, and Landis threatened to use that information to damage LeMond if LeMond continued to speak out about Landis' doping case. Several weeks after his testimony, Greg LeMond and his wife Kathy gave an extensive interview to the \"Sunday Times\". He provided additional details on the circumstances of his 2001 apology to Armstrong, stating that Trek, the longtime manufacturer and distributor of LeMond Racing Cycles, had threatened to end the relationship at the behest of Armstrong. He described the two years that followed the forced apology as the worst in his life, marked by self-destructive behavior that ultimately led him to disclose his sexual abuse to his wife and seek help. LeMond also described how being a victim of molestation had impacted both his racing career and his life since. In September 2007, Greg LeMond became a founding board member of the non-profit organization 1in6.org, whose mission is \"to help men who have had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences in childhood live healthy, happy lives\".", "While LeMond briefly led the 1991 Tour while riding his Carbonframes-produced \"Greg LeMond\" bicycle, the company faltered, something LeMond blamed on \"undercapitalization\" and poor management by his father, although Carbonframes and LeMond Cycles \"parted amiably two years later.\" In 1995, LeMond reached a licensing agreement with Trek, according to which the Wisconsin-based company would manufacture and distribute bicycles designed with LeMond that would be sold under the \"LeMond Bicycles\" brand. LeMond would later claim that going into business with Trek \"destroyed\" his relationship with his father. In 2001 the Trek deal proved painful for LeMond as he was forced by John Burke, the head of Trek, to apologize for the negative comments about Michele Ferrari, doping, and Lance Armstrong, who was by then a very important marketing force for Trek. LeMond's contract with Trek had a clause prohibiting LeMond from doing anything that would damage Trek. Burke reminded LeMond of this commitment, and strongly argued that LeMond publicly retract his statements. LeMond read a formal apology to Armstrong. In March 2008 LeMond Cycling Inc filed a complaint against Trek for breach of contract, claiming that they had not made a \"best efforts\" attempt to sell his bicycles, as well as describing the attempts to 'silence' him about doping, including incidents in 2001 and 2004. His complaint included statistics detailing slow sales in some markets, including the fact that between September 2001 and June 2007, Trek only sold $10,393 worth of LeMond bikes in France, a country in which LeMond remains both famous and popular. In April 2008 Trek countersued and stopped building bikes under the LeMond brand. In connection with that announcement Trek also gave a short timeline of the Trek-Greg LeMond association. These lawsuits were settled in February 2010.", "LeMond Racing Cycles LeMond Racing Cycles is a bicycle manufacturer founded by Greg LeMond, an American winner of the Tour de France. LeMond offered a geometry based on the racing frames he used in competition, which had a longer top tube and wheelbase in an otherwise traditional lightweight steel frame. This was to stretch out the rider on the bicycle, with the intent of both lowering the frontal area presented to the wind, and optimizing power and stability. From 1995 until February 2010 Trek licensed LeMond's name for use on a line of its bicycles, believing that the cachet of the name, a diversifying brand portfolio, plus having models offering a longer top tube than Trek's frame geometries helped to expand the bicycle-sales opportunities for the Trek corporation. In September 2013, LeMond partnered with Time Sports to produce a limited run of 300 frames to commemorate his three Tour victories in 1986, 1989, and 1990. In August 2014, Greg LeMond launched the Washoe, a Reynolds 853 steel bike manufactured in the United States. Greg LeMond was a pioneer in the use of carbon fiber bicycle frames in European professional road cycling, and his Tour de France win in 1986 ahead of Bernard Hinault was the first for carbon. LeMond rode a \"Bernard Hinault\" Signature Model Look prototype that year. LeMond also won the 1989 Tour and World's, and his final Tour de France in 1990 on carbon fiber frames, which had begun to feature \"Greg LeMond\" branding. In 1986, LeMond founded LeMond Bicycles to develop machines for himself that would also be marketed and sold to the public. In 1990, searching for an equipment edge for Team Z at the 1991 Tour de France, LeMond concluded an exclusive licensing agreement between his company and Carbonframes, Inc., to access the latter's advanced composites technology."], "answer": {"text": "team, the youngest ever to make the U.S. team.", "answer_start": 1455}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Greg LeMond born?", "answer": {"text": "Lakewood, California,", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7a69e32e56f410f8dd0ff4cdf1b493d_1_q#2", "question": "How old was he when he made the U.S. Team?", "rewrite": "How old was Greg LeMond when he made the U.S. Team?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Landis testified at the hearing that Geoghegan came to know of LeMond's childhood sexual abuse through discussions with the defense team, and obtained his personal mobile phone number by syncing their phones together. Geoghegan blamed \"a beer or two\" for his action, and entered an undisclosed rehab facility on May 21. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office opened an investigation of the incident as a potential witness tampering and then terminated the case without prosecution on July 31. LeMond's testimony was supported by an online posting Landis made on the Daily Peloton forum in which Landis stated that LeMond had disclosed personal information of a sensitive nature to Landis, and Landis threatened to use that information to damage LeMond if LeMond continued to speak out about Landis' doping case. Several weeks after his testimony, Greg LeMond and his wife Kathy gave an extensive interview to the \"Sunday Times\". He provided additional details on the circumstances of his 2001 apology to Armstrong, stating that Trek, the longtime manufacturer and distributor of LeMond Racing Cycles, had threatened to end the relationship at the behest of Armstrong. He described the two years that followed the forced apology as the worst in his life, marked by self-destructive behavior that ultimately led him to disclose his sexual abuse to his wife and seek help. LeMond also described how being a victim of molestation had impacted both his racing career and his life since. In September 2007, Greg LeMond became a founding board member of the non-profit organization 1in6.org, whose mission is \"to help men who have had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences in childhood live healthy, happy lives\".", "LeMond Racing Cycles LeMond Racing Cycles is a bicycle manufacturer founded by Greg LeMond, an American winner of the Tour de France. LeMond offered a geometry based on the racing frames he used in competition, which had a longer top tube and wheelbase in an otherwise traditional lightweight steel frame. This was to stretch out the rider on the bicycle, with the intent of both lowering the frontal area presented to the wind, and optimizing power and stability. From 1995 until February 2010 Trek licensed LeMond's name for use on a line of its bicycles, believing that the cachet of the name, a diversifying brand portfolio, plus having models offering a longer top tube than Trek's frame geometries helped to expand the bicycle-sales opportunities for the Trek corporation. In September 2013, LeMond partnered with Time Sports to produce a limited run of 300 frames to commemorate his three Tour victories in 1986, 1989, and 1990. In August 2014, Greg LeMond launched the Washoe, a Reynolds 853 steel bike manufactured in the United States. Greg LeMond was a pioneer in the use of carbon fiber bicycle frames in European professional road cycling, and his Tour de France win in 1986 ahead of Bernard Hinault was the first for carbon. LeMond rode a \"Bernard Hinault\" Signature Model Look prototype that year. LeMond also won the 1989 Tour and World's, and his final Tour de France in 1990 on carbon fiber frames, which had begun to feature \"Greg LeMond\" branding. In 1986, LeMond founded LeMond Bicycles to develop machines for himself that would also be marketed and sold to the public. In 1990, searching for an equipment edge for Team Z at the 1991 Tour de France, LeMond concluded an exclusive licensing agreement between his company and Carbonframes, Inc., to access the latter's advanced composites technology.", "Also, Trek is starting to provide bike shops with funds to start recycling old tubes to be sent to Alchemy Goods in Seattle, Washington, to be made into bags, seat bags, and panniers. Bontrager branded products include helmets, tires, wheels, handlebars, stems, seatposts, saddles, electronics and cycling shoes, water bottles and other cycling clothing and accessories The relationship between Trek and Tour-de-France winner Greg LeMond went back to at least 1995 when LeMond licensed Trek to produce LeMond branded bicycles. According to Trek, \"In 1999, the LeMond line was one of the fastest growing road bike brands and one of the top five largest road bike brands in the United States\". In March 2008, LeMond Cycling Inc prepared a suit against Trek, accusing it of bowing to pressure from \"third parties\" to \"wind down\" his brand through lack of distribution and promotion, especially in the European market. The complaint also says that \"Since 2001, Trek has systematically sought to silence Mr. LeMond's right to make comments that constitute an informed and honest opinion on matters of legitimate public interest \u2013 the problems associated with the use of performance enhancing substances\". The complaint includes examples of Trek threatening its ties with LeMond in 2001 and 2004 after he made public statements against doping, Michele Ferrari, and Lance Armstrong Trek responded in April 2008 by suing to sever business ties with LeMond. Trek's press release said that \"LeMond's suit was characterized by Burke as containing false and irresponsible allegations\". Burke also said \"for years, Greg LeMond has done and said things that have damaged the LeMond brand and the Trek brand as a whole\". . . . \"His actions are inconsistent with our values\u2014values we believe in and live everyday.", "While LeMond briefly led the 1991 Tour while riding his Carbonframes-produced \"Greg LeMond\" bicycle, the company faltered, something LeMond blamed on \"undercapitalization\" and poor management by his father, although Carbonframes and LeMond Cycles \"parted amiably two years later.\" In 1995, LeMond reached a licensing agreement with Trek, according to which the Wisconsin-based company would manufacture and distribute bicycles designed with LeMond that would be sold under the \"LeMond Bicycles\" brand. LeMond would later claim that going into business with Trek \"destroyed\" his relationship with his father. In 2001 the Trek deal proved painful for LeMond as he was forced by John Burke, the head of Trek, to apologize for the negative comments about Michele Ferrari, doping, and Lance Armstrong, who was by then a very important marketing force for Trek. LeMond's contract with Trek had a clause prohibiting LeMond from doing anything that would damage Trek. Burke reminded LeMond of this commitment, and strongly argued that LeMond publicly retract his statements. LeMond read a formal apology to Armstrong. In March 2008 LeMond Cycling Inc filed a complaint against Trek for breach of contract, claiming that they had not made a \"best efforts\" attempt to sell his bicycles, as well as describing the attempts to 'silence' him about doping, including incidents in 2001 and 2004. His complaint included statistics detailing slow sales in some markets, including the fact that between September 2001 and June 2007, Trek only sold $10,393 worth of LeMond bikes in France, a country in which LeMond remains both famous and popular. In April 2008 Trek countersued and stopped building bikes under the LeMond brand. In connection with that announcement Trek also gave a short timeline of the Trek-Greg LeMond association. These lawsuits were settled in February 2010.", "La Vie Claire La Vie Claire was a professional road bicycle racing team named after its chief sponsor La Vie Claire, a chain of health food stores. The La Vie Claire team was created in 1984 by Bernard Tapie and directed by Paul K\u00f6echli. The team included five-time Tour de France winner Bernard Hinault, and three-time winner, Greg LeMond, as well as Andrew Hampsten and the Canadian Steve Bauer. With Hinault winning the Tour in 1985, and LeMond winning in 1986, plus winning the team trophy both years, La Vie Claire cemented their place in cycling team history. The team formed after Bernard Hinault had a dispute with his former directeur sportif Cyrille Guimard of Renault-Elf-Gitane with whom Hinault had won four editions of the Tour de France. After Hinault's teammate Laurent Fignon won the 1983 Tour de France while Hinault was injured, Fignon became the designated leader of the team. Hinault formed the La Vie Claire team with Tapie and Koechli and steadily built up his form. During the 1984 Tour de France, Renault-Elf-Gitane dominated the race with 8 stage wins including the Team time trial as well as wearing the yellow jersey from the 5th stage onward with Vincent Barteau and Laurent Fignon. Fignon won the Tour by over ten minutes from Hinault. In addition with World Champion Greg LeMond the Renault team also finished third overall in that Tour and LeMond won the Young rider's jersey. After this dominance by the Renault-Elf-Gitane team, Tapie and Hinault approached Greg LeMond after the 1984 Tour with a one-million dollar contract offer - the first in cycling history - to leave Renault-Elf-Gitane and join Hinault at La Vie Claire."], "answer": {"text": "18,", "answer_start": 1397}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Greg LeMond born?", "answer": {"text": "Lakewood, California,", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "team, the youngest ever to make the U.S. team.", "answer_start": 1455, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7a69e32e56f410f8dd0ff4cdf1b493d_1_q#3", "question": "Did he when any awards when he was young?", "rewrite": "Did Greg LeMond when any awards when he was young?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Landis testified at the hearing that Geoghegan came to know of LeMond's childhood sexual abuse through discussions with the defense team, and obtained his personal mobile phone number by syncing their phones together. Geoghegan blamed \"a beer or two\" for his action, and entered an undisclosed rehab facility on May 21. The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office opened an investigation of the incident as a potential witness tampering and then terminated the case without prosecution on July 31. LeMond's testimony was supported by an online posting Landis made on the Daily Peloton forum in which Landis stated that LeMond had disclosed personal information of a sensitive nature to Landis, and Landis threatened to use that information to damage LeMond if LeMond continued to speak out about Landis' doping case. Several weeks after his testimony, Greg LeMond and his wife Kathy gave an extensive interview to the \"Sunday Times\". He provided additional details on the circumstances of his 2001 apology to Armstrong, stating that Trek, the longtime manufacturer and distributor of LeMond Racing Cycles, had threatened to end the relationship at the behest of Armstrong. He described the two years that followed the forced apology as the worst in his life, marked by self-destructive behavior that ultimately led him to disclose his sexual abuse to his wife and seek help. LeMond also described how being a victim of molestation had impacted both his racing career and his life since. In September 2007, Greg LeMond became a founding board member of the non-profit organization 1in6.org, whose mission is \"to help men who have had unwanted or abusive sexual experiences in childhood live healthy, happy lives\".", "LeMond Racing Cycles LeMond Racing Cycles is a bicycle manufacturer founded by Greg LeMond, an American winner of the Tour de France. LeMond offered a geometry based on the racing frames he used in competition, which had a longer top tube and wheelbase in an otherwise traditional lightweight steel frame. This was to stretch out the rider on the bicycle, with the intent of both lowering the frontal area presented to the wind, and optimizing power and stability. From 1995 until February 2010 Trek licensed LeMond's name for use on a line of its bicycles, believing that the cachet of the name, a diversifying brand portfolio, plus having models offering a longer top tube than Trek's frame geometries helped to expand the bicycle-sales opportunities for the Trek corporation. In September 2013, LeMond partnered with Time Sports to produce a limited run of 300 frames to commemorate his three Tour victories in 1986, 1989, and 1990. In August 2014, Greg LeMond launched the Washoe, a Reynolds 853 steel bike manufactured in the United States. Greg LeMond was a pioneer in the use of carbon fiber bicycle frames in European professional road cycling, and his Tour de France win in 1986 ahead of Bernard Hinault was the first for carbon. LeMond rode a \"Bernard Hinault\" Signature Model Look prototype that year. LeMond also won the 1989 Tour and World's, and his final Tour de France in 1990 on carbon fiber frames, which had begun to feature \"Greg LeMond\" branding. In 1986, LeMond founded LeMond Bicycles to develop machines for himself that would also be marketed and sold to the public. In 1990, searching for an equipment edge for Team Z at the 1991 Tour de France, LeMond concluded an exclusive licensing agreement between his company and Carbonframes, Inc., to access the latter's advanced composites technology.", "While LeMond briefly led the 1991 Tour while riding his Carbonframes-produced \"Greg LeMond\" bicycle, the company faltered, something LeMond blamed on \"undercapitalization\" and poor management by his father, although Carbonframes and LeMond Cycles \"parted amiably two years later.\" In 1995, LeMond reached a licensing agreement with Trek, according to which the Wisconsin-based company would manufacture and distribute bicycles designed with LeMond that would be sold under the \"LeMond Bicycles\" brand. LeMond would later claim that going into business with Trek \"destroyed\" his relationship with his father. In 2001 the Trek deal proved painful for LeMond as he was forced by John Burke, the head of Trek, to apologize for the negative comments about Michele Ferrari, doping, and Lance Armstrong, who was by then a very important marketing force for Trek. LeMond's contract with Trek had a clause prohibiting LeMond from doing anything that would damage Trek. Burke reminded LeMond of this commitment, and strongly argued that LeMond publicly retract his statements. LeMond read a formal apology to Armstrong. In March 2008 LeMond Cycling Inc filed a complaint against Trek for breach of contract, claiming that they had not made a \"best efforts\" attempt to sell his bicycles, as well as describing the attempts to 'silence' him about doping, including incidents in 2001 and 2004. His complaint included statistics detailing slow sales in some markets, including the fact that between September 2001 and June 2007, Trek only sold $10,393 worth of LeMond bikes in France, a country in which LeMond remains both famous and popular. In April 2008 Trek countersued and stopped building bikes under the LeMond brand. In connection with that announcement Trek also gave a short timeline of the Trek-Greg LeMond association. These lawsuits were settled in February 2010.", "La Vie Claire La Vie Claire was a professional road bicycle racing team named after its chief sponsor La Vie Claire, a chain of health food stores. The La Vie Claire team was created in 1984 by Bernard Tapie and directed by Paul K\u00f6echli. The team included five-time Tour de France winner Bernard Hinault, and three-time winner, Greg LeMond, as well as Andrew Hampsten and the Canadian Steve Bauer. With Hinault winning the Tour in 1985, and LeMond winning in 1986, plus winning the team trophy both years, La Vie Claire cemented their place in cycling team history. The team formed after Bernard Hinault had a dispute with his former directeur sportif Cyrille Guimard of Renault-Elf-Gitane with whom Hinault had won four editions of the Tour de France. After Hinault's teammate Laurent Fignon won the 1983 Tour de France while Hinault was injured, Fignon became the designated leader of the team. Hinault formed the La Vie Claire team with Tapie and Koechli and steadily built up his form. During the 1984 Tour de France, Renault-Elf-Gitane dominated the race with 8 stage wins including the Team time trial as well as wearing the yellow jersey from the 5th stage onward with Vincent Barteau and Laurent Fignon. Fignon won the Tour by over ten minutes from Hinault. In addition with World Champion Greg LeMond the Renault team also finished third overall in that Tour and LeMond won the Young rider's jersey. After this dominance by the Renault-Elf-Gitane team, Tapie and Hinault approached Greg LeMond after the 1984 Tour with a one-million dollar contract offer - the first in cycling history - to leave Renault-Elf-Gitane and join Hinault at La Vie Claire.", "Also, Trek is starting to provide bike shops with funds to start recycling old tubes to be sent to Alchemy Goods in Seattle, Washington, to be made into bags, seat bags, and panniers. Bontrager branded products include helmets, tires, wheels, handlebars, stems, seatposts, saddles, electronics and cycling shoes, water bottles and other cycling clothing and accessories The relationship between Trek and Tour-de-France winner Greg LeMond went back to at least 1995 when LeMond licensed Trek to produce LeMond branded bicycles. According to Trek, \"In 1999, the LeMond line was one of the fastest growing road bike brands and one of the top five largest road bike brands in the United States\". In March 2008, LeMond Cycling Inc prepared a suit against Trek, accusing it of bowing to pressure from \"third parties\" to \"wind down\" his brand through lack of distribution and promotion, especially in the European market. The complaint also says that \"Since 2001, Trek has systematically sought to silence Mr. LeMond's right to make comments that constitute an informed and honest opinion on matters of legitimate public interest \u2013 the problems associated with the use of performance enhancing substances\". The complaint includes examples of Trek threatening its ties with LeMond in 2001 and 2004 after he made public statements against doping, Michele Ferrari, and Lance Armstrong Trek responded in April 2008 by suing to sever business ties with LeMond. Trek's press release said that \"LeMond's suit was characterized by Burke as containing false and irresponsible allegations\". Burke also said \"for years, Greg LeMond has done and said things that have damaged the LeMond brand and the Trek brand as a whole\". . . . \"His actions are inconsistent with our values\u2014values we believe in and live everyday."], "answer": {"text": "he won gold, silver and bronze medals", "answer_start": 1301}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Greg LeMond born?", "answer": {"text": "Lakewood, California,", "answer_start": 24, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "team, the youngest ever to make the U.S. team.", "answer_start": 1455, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he made the U.S. Team?", "answer": {"text": "18,", "answer_start": 1397, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "rewrite": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["SS Sir Walter Scott SS \" Sir Walter Scott\" is a small steamship that has provided pleasure cruises and a ferry service on Loch Katrine in the scenic Trossachs of Scotland for more than a century, and is the only surviving screw steamer in regular passenger service in Scotland. It is named after the writer Walter Scott, who set his 1810 poem Lady of the Lake, and his 1818 novel Rob Roy around Loch Katrine. In 1859 Loch Katrine became Glasgow's main water supply, connected by aqueducts and tunnels to the city more than away through a hilly landscape. The Trossachs became very popular in the Victorian era, and there were early steamship services on the loch. The Loch is surrounded by wooded mountains, and has romantic historical connections including the birthplace of the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor. Queen Victoria had a holiday house built overlooking the loch. William Denny and Brothers built \"Sir Walter Scott\" as a \"knock-down\" ship; that is, it was assembled with bolts and nuts at Denny's shipyard at Dumbarton on the River Leven, the pieces numbered and dismantled again, transported in pieces by barge up Loch Lomond and overland by horse-drawn cart to Stronachlachar pier on Loch Katrine and there rebuilt with rivets and launched. Denny's assembled \"Sir Walter Scott\" at their yard in 1899 and completed its reassembly and launch on the loch in 1900. All ships in the UK must record a measured mile for seaworthiness. \" Sir Walter Scott\" completed its measured mile on the Firth of Clyde when bolted together, before being disassembled, transported to Loch Katrine and riveted together again. Its original cost was \u00a34,269, which included a delivery charge of \u00a32,028. \" Sir Walter Scott\" weighs 115 tons, is long and has a beam.", "Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott The Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott (2 October 1852 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Scottish author of historical novels and non-fiction and the great-granddaughter of the novelist Walter Scott. She was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent as Mary Monica Hope Scott in 1852, the only surviving child of James Hope-Scott (1812-1873) and Charlotte Harriet Jane n\u00e9e Lockhart (1827-1858), daughter of John Gibson Lockhart and grand-daughter of the noted Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott. Until her own children were born Mary Monica was the only living descendant of Sir Walter Scott. In 1868, as the heir to her father, she applied for a loan of \u00a32,000 to have the land at Abbotsford House drained; as a minor she received her father's consent for the loan. On the death of her father in 1873 she inherited Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. In London in 1874 she married the Hon Joseph Constable-Maxwell, third son of William, Lord Herries, following which the couple adopted the surname Maxwell-Scott. Like her great-grandfather, she became a writer of historical books. She also wrote a number of books about her famous ancestor including an authoritative guide to Scott\u2019s collection of 'gabions' titled \"Abbotsford: a Guide to the Personal Relics and Possessions of Sir Walter Scott\". Mary Maxwell-Scott had eight children, five of whom survived her. These were: Margaret Mary Lucy Constable-Maxwell-Scott (d. 1912); Maj.-Gen.", "Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch Sir Walter Scott, 1st of Branxholme, 3rd of Buccleuch (c. 1495 \u2013 killed 4 October 1552), known as \"Wicked Wat\", was a nobleman of the Scottish Borders and the chief of Clan Scott who briefly served as Warden of the Middle March. He was an \"inveterate English hater\" active in the wars known as The Rough Wooing and a noted Border reiver. He was killed on Edinburgh High Street in a feud with Clan Kerr in 1552. His great-grandson was Sir Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch, the \"Bold Buccleuch\" (1565\u20131611), a border reiver famed for his role in the rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong. Walter Scott was the son of Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch, 2nd of Buccleuch, and Elizabeth Kerr, daughter of Walter Kerr of Cessford. The elder Sir Walter succeeded his grandfather, David Scott, 1st of Buccleuch, as baron of Branxholme in 1492 and died before 15 April 1504. The younger Walter was knighted on the field at the battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, where he lost many of his kinsmen. He was named heir to his father 27 October 1517, and was appointed Baillie of the lands of the Melrose Abbey in 1519, a position that was soon after made hereditary and confirmed in Rome in 1525. He was warded in Edinburgh in 1524 following a dispute with Margaret Tudor, the Queen Dowager of James IV, regarding her dower lands in Ettrick Forest, but he escaped the same year and associated himself with the opposing party of her husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.", "Pamela Wynne Pamela Wynne is the pseudonym of Winifred Mary Scott, n\u00e9e Watson (1879 \u2013 29 January 1959), a British writer of over 60 romantic novels from 1923 until her death in 1959. She was born with the name Winifred Mary Watson on 1879 in London, England, the fourth child of Lily and Samuel Watson, a solicitor in the City of London, two more children were to follow. The family were affluent enough to have Winifred educated privately in Lausanne, Switzerland and it was during her education that she found her love of writing. On 14 November 1905, she married William Herbert Schroder Scott in Bombay, India, . She bore three children , William Patrick Temple Scott born 1908, Herbert Wyndham Fitzgerald Scott born 1910, Sholto Haig Scott-Watson born 1917. The marriage divorced in 1932. She died on 29 January 1959 in Sissinghurst, Kent. As Pamela Wynne wrote more than 60 romantic novels during her lifetime, many of which inspired on her own experiences of living in India. Two of her books were turned into major motion pictures, \"Dangerous Innocence\" (1925) with Laura La Plante and Eugene O'Brien and \"Devotion\" (1931) with Ann Harding and Leslie Howard.", "Walter Stone Scott Walter Stone Scott (February 17, 1871 \u2013 October 29, 1948), of New York City, was an auctioneer of postage stamps and postal history items. He was the son of the famous philatelist John Walter Scott. Walter Scott started his business of selling rare postage stamps in New York City during the 1890s. During the years 1896 to 1898 he amassed sufficient lots of philatelic material to conduct twelve auctions on his own. After 1900, Walter Scott became a free-lance auctioneer, offering his services to practically every auction house in New York City. He was a very popular auctioneer, and, it is said that he \u201csold more lots of stamps than any other auctioneer.\u201d Scott was an expert on rare stamps and was often asked to evaluate rare stamps or appraise collections before sale. He was highly regarded for his integrity, and reviewed and appraised the collections in the estates of various famous philatelists. In the case of his evaluation and appraisal of the massive collection of the deceased philatelist, E. H. R. Green, after evaluating the material, Walter Scott arranged for its sale through twenty nine auctions, from 1942 to 1946. Walter Scott was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1950."], "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#1", "question": "when was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Walter Scott born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["SS Sir Walter Scott SS \" Sir Walter Scott\" is a small steamship that has provided pleasure cruises and a ferry service on Loch Katrine in the scenic Trossachs of Scotland for more than a century, and is the only surviving screw steamer in regular passenger service in Scotland. It is named after the writer Walter Scott, who set his 1810 poem Lady of the Lake, and his 1818 novel Rob Roy around Loch Katrine. In 1859 Loch Katrine became Glasgow's main water supply, connected by aqueducts and tunnels to the city more than away through a hilly landscape. The Trossachs became very popular in the Victorian era, and there were early steamship services on the loch. The Loch is surrounded by wooded mountains, and has romantic historical connections including the birthplace of the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor. Queen Victoria had a holiday house built overlooking the loch. William Denny and Brothers built \"Sir Walter Scott\" as a \"knock-down\" ship; that is, it was assembled with bolts and nuts at Denny's shipyard at Dumbarton on the River Leven, the pieces numbered and dismantled again, transported in pieces by barge up Loch Lomond and overland by horse-drawn cart to Stronachlachar pier on Loch Katrine and there rebuilt with rivets and launched. Denny's assembled \"Sir Walter Scott\" at their yard in 1899 and completed its reassembly and launch on the loch in 1900. All ships in the UK must record a measured mile for seaworthiness. \" Sir Walter Scott\" completed its measured mile on the Firth of Clyde when bolted together, before being disassembled, transported to Loch Katrine and riveted together again. Its original cost was \u00a34,269, which included a delivery charge of \u00a32,028. \" Sir Walter Scott\" weighs 115 tons, is long and has a beam.", "Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott The Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott (2 October 1852 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Scottish author of historical novels and non-fiction and the great-granddaughter of the novelist Walter Scott. She was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent as Mary Monica Hope Scott in 1852, the only surviving child of James Hope-Scott (1812-1873) and Charlotte Harriet Jane n\u00e9e Lockhart (1827-1858), daughter of John Gibson Lockhart and grand-daughter of the noted Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott. Until her own children were born Mary Monica was the only living descendant of Sir Walter Scott. In 1868, as the heir to her father, she applied for a loan of \u00a32,000 to have the land at Abbotsford House drained; as a minor she received her father's consent for the loan. On the death of her father in 1873 she inherited Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. In London in 1874 she married the Hon Joseph Constable-Maxwell, third son of William, Lord Herries, following which the couple adopted the surname Maxwell-Scott. Like her great-grandfather, she became a writer of historical books. She also wrote a number of books about her famous ancestor including an authoritative guide to Scott\u2019s collection of 'gabions' titled \"Abbotsford: a Guide to the Personal Relics and Possessions of Sir Walter Scott\". Mary Maxwell-Scott had eight children, five of whom survived her. These were: Margaret Mary Lucy Constable-Maxwell-Scott (d. 1912); Maj.-Gen.", "Pamela Wynne Pamela Wynne is the pseudonym of Winifred Mary Scott, n\u00e9e Watson (1879 \u2013 29 January 1959), a British writer of over 60 romantic novels from 1923 until her death in 1959. She was born with the name Winifred Mary Watson on 1879 in London, England, the fourth child of Lily and Samuel Watson, a solicitor in the City of London, two more children were to follow. The family were affluent enough to have Winifred educated privately in Lausanne, Switzerland and it was during her education that she found her love of writing. On 14 November 1905, she married William Herbert Schroder Scott in Bombay, India, . She bore three children , William Patrick Temple Scott born 1908, Herbert Wyndham Fitzgerald Scott born 1910, Sholto Haig Scott-Watson born 1917. The marriage divorced in 1932. She died on 29 January 1959 in Sissinghurst, Kent. As Pamela Wynne wrote more than 60 romantic novels during her lifetime, many of which inspired on her own experiences of living in India. Two of her books were turned into major motion pictures, \"Dangerous Innocence\" (1925) with Laura La Plante and Eugene O'Brien and \"Devotion\" (1931) with Ann Harding and Leslie Howard.", "Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch Sir Walter Scott, 1st of Branxholme, 3rd of Buccleuch (c. 1495 \u2013 killed 4 October 1552), known as \"Wicked Wat\", was a nobleman of the Scottish Borders and the chief of Clan Scott who briefly served as Warden of the Middle March. He was an \"inveterate English hater\" active in the wars known as The Rough Wooing and a noted Border reiver. He was killed on Edinburgh High Street in a feud with Clan Kerr in 1552. His great-grandson was Sir Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch, the \"Bold Buccleuch\" (1565\u20131611), a border reiver famed for his role in the rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong. Walter Scott was the son of Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch, 2nd of Buccleuch, and Elizabeth Kerr, daughter of Walter Kerr of Cessford. The elder Sir Walter succeeded his grandfather, David Scott, 1st of Buccleuch, as baron of Branxholme in 1492 and died before 15 April 1504. The younger Walter was knighted on the field at the battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, where he lost many of his kinsmen. He was named heir to his father 27 October 1517, and was appointed Baillie of the lands of the Melrose Abbey in 1519, a position that was soon after made hereditary and confirmed in Rome in 1525. He was warded in Edinburgh in 1524 following a dispute with Margaret Tudor, the Queen Dowager of James IV, regarding her dower lands in Ettrick Forest, but he escaped the same year and associated himself with the opposing party of her husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.", "Walter Stone Scott Walter Stone Scott (February 17, 1871 \u2013 October 29, 1948), of New York City, was an auctioneer of postage stamps and postal history items. He was the son of the famous philatelist John Walter Scott. Walter Scott started his business of selling rare postage stamps in New York City during the 1890s. During the years 1896 to 1898 he amassed sufficient lots of philatelic material to conduct twelve auctions on his own. After 1900, Walter Scott became a free-lance auctioneer, offering his services to practically every auction house in New York City. He was a very popular auctioneer, and, it is said that he \u201csold more lots of stamps than any other auctioneer.\u201d Scott was an expert on rare stamps and was often asked to evaluate rare stamps or appraise collections before sale. He was highly regarded for his integrity, and reviewed and appraised the collections in the estates of various famous philatelists. In the case of his evaluation and appraisal of the massive collection of the deceased philatelist, E. H. R. Green, after evaluating the material, Walter Scott arranged for its sale through twenty nine auctions, from 1942 to 1946. Walter Scott was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1950."], "answer": {"text": "Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#2", "question": "who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Walter Scott's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, of Beauclerc Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet of Beauclerc (17 August 1826 \u2013 8 April 1910) was an English building contractor and publisher. Based in Newcastle upon Tyne, Scott began his profession as a mason, before setting up his own building firm, completing many major architectural projects in the North East of England and notable railway stations in London. His publishing house, Walter Scott Publishing Co. brought classic literature to the masses for a low price. (He is not to be confused with the novelist and Baronet Sir Walter Scott) Scott was born in Abbey Town, Cumberland in 1826. In his youth he was a notable wrestler and was seen as the best wrestler in his weight within his district, and won several wrestling prizes at local fairs. He moved to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and began an apprenticeship as a stonemason. After completing his apprenticeship he worked as a builder and began working on several contracts in the local area. By the age of 23 he had set up his own building company. Scott later began winning building contracts in the North East and was the main contractor behind several landmark buildings within Newcastle, including the Tyne Theatre, Byker Bridge and added the portico to Newcastle railway station in 1863. Outside Newcastle he completed rebuilding work at Haggerston Castle and several railway projects in London, including City and South London Railway and the marble arch at the Central London Station. In 1882 Scott acquired The Tyne Publishing Co., a printing and publishing business that was facing impending bankruptcy. Within a few years Scott, trading as the Walter Scott Publishing Co. Ltd., published \"several hundred volumes\". His publications featured a number of book reprint series (including the Camelot Classics, the Canterbury Poets, the Emerald Library, the Evergreen Library, the Great Writers and the Oxford Library) and a series of original works in The Contemporary Science Series.", "Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott The Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott (2 October 1852 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Scottish author of historical novels and non-fiction and the great-granddaughter of the novelist Walter Scott. She was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent as Mary Monica Hope Scott in 1852, the only surviving child of James Hope-Scott (1812-1873) and Charlotte Harriet Jane n\u00e9e Lockhart (1827-1858), daughter of John Gibson Lockhart and grand-daughter of the noted Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott. Until her own children were born Mary Monica was the only living descendant of Sir Walter Scott. In 1868, as the heir to her father, she applied for a loan of \u00a32,000 to have the land at Abbotsford House drained; as a minor she received her father's consent for the loan. On the death of her father in 1873 she inherited Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. In London in 1874 she married the Hon Joseph Constable-Maxwell, third son of William, Lord Herries, following which the couple adopted the surname Maxwell-Scott. Like her great-grandfather, she became a writer of historical books. She also wrote a number of books about her famous ancestor including an authoritative guide to Scott\u2019s collection of 'gabions' titled \"Abbotsford: a Guide to the Personal Relics and Possessions of Sir Walter Scott\". Mary Maxwell-Scott had eight children, five of whom survived her. These were: Margaret Mary Lucy Constable-Maxwell-Scott (d. 1912); Maj.-Gen.", "Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch Sir Walter Scott, 1st of Branxholme, 3rd of Buccleuch (c. 1495 \u2013 killed 4 October 1552), known as \"Wicked Wat\", was a nobleman of the Scottish Borders and the chief of Clan Scott who briefly served as Warden of the Middle March. He was an \"inveterate English hater\" active in the wars known as The Rough Wooing and a noted Border reiver. He was killed on Edinburgh High Street in a feud with Clan Kerr in 1552. His great-grandson was Sir Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch, the \"Bold Buccleuch\" (1565\u20131611), a border reiver famed for his role in the rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong. Walter Scott was the son of Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch, 2nd of Buccleuch, and Elizabeth Kerr, daughter of Walter Kerr of Cessford. The elder Sir Walter succeeded his grandfather, David Scott, 1st of Buccleuch, as baron of Branxholme in 1492 and died before 15 April 1504. The younger Walter was knighted on the field at the battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, where he lost many of his kinsmen. He was named heir to his father 27 October 1517, and was appointed Baillie of the lands of the Melrose Abbey in 1519, a position that was soon after made hereditary and confirmed in Rome in 1525. He was warded in Edinburgh in 1524 following a dispute with Margaret Tudor, the Queen Dowager of James IV, regarding her dower lands in Ettrick Forest, but he escaped the same year and associated himself with the opposing party of her husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.", "SS Sir Walter Scott SS \" Sir Walter Scott\" is a small steamship that has provided pleasure cruises and a ferry service on Loch Katrine in the scenic Trossachs of Scotland for more than a century, and is the only surviving screw steamer in regular passenger service in Scotland. It is named after the writer Walter Scott, who set his 1810 poem Lady of the Lake, and his 1818 novel Rob Roy around Loch Katrine. In 1859 Loch Katrine became Glasgow's main water supply, connected by aqueducts and tunnels to the city more than away through a hilly landscape. The Trossachs became very popular in the Victorian era, and there were early steamship services on the loch. The Loch is surrounded by wooded mountains, and has romantic historical connections including the birthplace of the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor. Queen Victoria had a holiday house built overlooking the loch. William Denny and Brothers built \"Sir Walter Scott\" as a \"knock-down\" ship; that is, it was assembled with bolts and nuts at Denny's shipyard at Dumbarton on the River Leven, the pieces numbered and dismantled again, transported in pieces by barge up Loch Lomond and overland by horse-drawn cart to Stronachlachar pier on Loch Katrine and there rebuilt with rivets and launched. Denny's assembled \"Sir Walter Scott\" at their yard in 1899 and completed its reassembly and launch on the loch in 1900. All ships in the UK must record a measured mile for seaworthiness. \" Sir Walter Scott\" completed its measured mile on the Firth of Clyde when bolted together, before being disassembled, transported to Loch Katrine and riveted together again. Its original cost was \u00a34,269, which included a delivery charge of \u00a32,028. \" Sir Walter Scott\" weighs 115 tons, is long and has a beam.", "Walter Stone Scott Walter Stone Scott (February 17, 1871 \u2013 October 29, 1948), of New York City, was an auctioneer of postage stamps and postal history items. He was the son of the famous philatelist John Walter Scott. Walter Scott started his business of selling rare postage stamps in New York City during the 1890s. During the years 1896 to 1898 he amassed sufficient lots of philatelic material to conduct twelve auctions on his own. After 1900, Walter Scott became a free-lance auctioneer, offering his services to practically every auction house in New York City. He was a very popular auctioneer, and, it is said that he \u201csold more lots of stamps than any other auctioneer.\u201d Scott was an expert on rare stamps and was often asked to evaluate rare stamps or appraise collections before sale. He was highly regarded for his integrity, and reviewed and appraised the collections in the estates of various famous philatelists. In the case of his evaluation and appraisal of the massive collection of the deceased philatelist, E. H. R. Green, after evaluating the material, Walter Scott arranged for its sale through twenty nine auctions, from 1942 to 1946. Walter Scott was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1950."], "answer": {"text": "He was the ninth child of Walter Scott, a Writer to the Signet (solicitor), and Anne Rutherford.", "answer_start": 41}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#3", "question": "where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Walter Scott go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["SS Sir Walter Scott SS \" Sir Walter Scott\" is a small steamship that has provided pleasure cruises and a ferry service on Loch Katrine in the scenic Trossachs of Scotland for more than a century, and is the only surviving screw steamer in regular passenger service in Scotland. It is named after the writer Walter Scott, who set his 1810 poem Lady of the Lake, and his 1818 novel Rob Roy around Loch Katrine. In 1859 Loch Katrine became Glasgow's main water supply, connected by aqueducts and tunnels to the city more than away through a hilly landscape. The Trossachs became very popular in the Victorian era, and there were early steamship services on the loch. The Loch is surrounded by wooded mountains, and has romantic historical connections including the birthplace of the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor. Queen Victoria had a holiday house built overlooking the loch. William Denny and Brothers built \"Sir Walter Scott\" as a \"knock-down\" ship; that is, it was assembled with bolts and nuts at Denny's shipyard at Dumbarton on the River Leven, the pieces numbered and dismantled again, transported in pieces by barge up Loch Lomond and overland by horse-drawn cart to Stronachlachar pier on Loch Katrine and there rebuilt with rivets and launched. Denny's assembled \"Sir Walter Scott\" at their yard in 1899 and completed its reassembly and launch on the loch in 1900. All ships in the UK must record a measured mile for seaworthiness. \" Sir Walter Scott\" completed its measured mile on the Firth of Clyde when bolted together, before being disassembled, transported to Loch Katrine and riveted together again. Its original cost was \u00a34,269, which included a delivery charge of \u00a32,028. \" Sir Walter Scott\" weighs 115 tons, is long and has a beam.", "Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott The Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott (2 October 1852 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Scottish author of historical novels and non-fiction and the great-granddaughter of the novelist Walter Scott. She was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent as Mary Monica Hope Scott in 1852, the only surviving child of James Hope-Scott (1812-1873) and Charlotte Harriet Jane n\u00e9e Lockhart (1827-1858), daughter of John Gibson Lockhart and grand-daughter of the noted Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott. Until her own children were born Mary Monica was the only living descendant of Sir Walter Scott. In 1868, as the heir to her father, she applied for a loan of \u00a32,000 to have the land at Abbotsford House drained; as a minor she received her father's consent for the loan. On the death of her father in 1873 she inherited Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. In London in 1874 she married the Hon Joseph Constable-Maxwell, third son of William, Lord Herries, following which the couple adopted the surname Maxwell-Scott. Like her great-grandfather, she became a writer of historical books. She also wrote a number of books about her famous ancestor including an authoritative guide to Scott\u2019s collection of 'gabions' titled \"Abbotsford: a Guide to the Personal Relics and Possessions of Sir Walter Scott\". Mary Maxwell-Scott had eight children, five of whom survived her. These were: Margaret Mary Lucy Constable-Maxwell-Scott (d. 1912); Maj.-Gen.", "Walter Stone Scott Walter Stone Scott (February 17, 1871 \u2013 October 29, 1948), of New York City, was an auctioneer of postage stamps and postal history items. He was the son of the famous philatelist John Walter Scott. Walter Scott started his business of selling rare postage stamps in New York City during the 1890s. During the years 1896 to 1898 he amassed sufficient lots of philatelic material to conduct twelve auctions on his own. After 1900, Walter Scott became a free-lance auctioneer, offering his services to practically every auction house in New York City. He was a very popular auctioneer, and, it is said that he \u201csold more lots of stamps than any other auctioneer.\u201d Scott was an expert on rare stamps and was often asked to evaluate rare stamps or appraise collections before sale. He was highly regarded for his integrity, and reviewed and appraised the collections in the estates of various famous philatelists. In the case of his evaluation and appraisal of the massive collection of the deceased philatelist, E. H. R. Green, after evaluating the material, Walter Scott arranged for its sale through twenty nine auctions, from 1942 to 1946. Walter Scott was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1950.", "Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch Sir Walter Scott, 1st of Branxholme, 3rd of Buccleuch (c. 1495 \u2013 killed 4 October 1552), known as \"Wicked Wat\", was a nobleman of the Scottish Borders and the chief of Clan Scott who briefly served as Warden of the Middle March. He was an \"inveterate English hater\" active in the wars known as The Rough Wooing and a noted Border reiver. He was killed on Edinburgh High Street in a feud with Clan Kerr in 1552. His great-grandson was Sir Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch, the \"Bold Buccleuch\" (1565\u20131611), a border reiver famed for his role in the rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong. Walter Scott was the son of Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch, 2nd of Buccleuch, and Elizabeth Kerr, daughter of Walter Kerr of Cessford. The elder Sir Walter succeeded his grandfather, David Scott, 1st of Buccleuch, as baron of Branxholme in 1492 and died before 15 April 1504. The younger Walter was knighted on the field at the battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, where he lost many of his kinsmen. He was named heir to his father 27 October 1517, and was appointed Baillie of the lands of the Melrose Abbey in 1519, a position that was soon after made hereditary and confirmed in Rome in 1525. He was warded in Edinburgh in 1524 following a dispute with Margaret Tudor, the Queen Dowager of James IV, regarding her dower lands in Ettrick Forest, but he escaped the same year and associated himself with the opposing party of her husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.", "Both groups watch Havok\u2019s recent speech about the \"M-word\", and Kitty Pryde disagrees with the speech. Although Wolverine and Kitty Pryde order the time-displaced X-Men not to follow them, they go after them and, as a battle ensues, Lady Mastermind apparently causes Jean Grey to manifest the Phoenix Force, much to the shock of others. The X-Men and Brotherhood are frozen in distress as Lady Mastermind angrily persuades Jean to kill them all. While Jean proceeds to blame Mystique for causing this, Wolverine prepares to kill Jean in order to stop her from using a power that she cannot control. As Wolverine slashes Jean, it is revealed this is a psychic vision of the Phoenix that Jean somehow manifested into the minds of the Brotherhood, and that inadvertently entered the minds of Wolverine, Kitty, and the other X-Men. Mastermind creates one final illusion that she and Sabertooth use to escape, but Mystique is caught and sent to \"The Cage\", an extra-max prison (from which she quickly escapes). The team now has some time to relax, so Bobby and Scott go to a carnival and try to pick up some teenage girls. Jean grey practices her telekinetic skills with older Beast and destroy Wolverine's motorcycle. While putting it back together she reads Beast's mind and discovers that Beast had a long-time crush that he never pursued in respect for Scott Summers. Jean then confront time-displaced Beast and the two share their feeling and a romantic kiss. This crossover event included The Superior Spider-Man and The Hulk. The team decides to travel to New York City to unwind and have fun. Beast is still baffled by the kiss with Jean, especially when she and Scott go to the movies together. He decides to try his luck with the ladies before he turns blue and has no chance."], "answer": {"text": "In October 1779 he began at the Royal High School of Edinburgh (in High School Yards", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "He was the ninth child of Walter Scott, a Writer to the Signet (solicitor), and Anne Rutherford.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#4", "question": "did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Walter Scott go to college?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch Sir Walter Scott, 1st of Branxholme, 3rd of Buccleuch (c. 1495 \u2013 killed 4 October 1552), known as \"Wicked Wat\", was a nobleman of the Scottish Borders and the chief of Clan Scott who briefly served as Warden of the Middle March. He was an \"inveterate English hater\" active in the wars known as The Rough Wooing and a noted Border reiver. He was killed on Edinburgh High Street in a feud with Clan Kerr in 1552. His great-grandson was Sir Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch, the \"Bold Buccleuch\" (1565\u20131611), a border reiver famed for his role in the rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong. Walter Scott was the son of Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch, 2nd of Buccleuch, and Elizabeth Kerr, daughter of Walter Kerr of Cessford. The elder Sir Walter succeeded his grandfather, David Scott, 1st of Buccleuch, as baron of Branxholme in 1492 and died before 15 April 1504. The younger Walter was knighted on the field at the battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, where he lost many of his kinsmen. He was named heir to his father 27 October 1517, and was appointed Baillie of the lands of the Melrose Abbey in 1519, a position that was soon after made hereditary and confirmed in Rome in 1525. He was warded in Edinburgh in 1524 following a dispute with Margaret Tudor, the Queen Dowager of James IV, regarding her dower lands in Ettrick Forest, but he escaped the same year and associated himself with the opposing party of her husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.", "Walter Stone Scott Walter Stone Scott (February 17, 1871 \u2013 October 29, 1948), of New York City, was an auctioneer of postage stamps and postal history items. He was the son of the famous philatelist John Walter Scott. Walter Scott started his business of selling rare postage stamps in New York City during the 1890s. During the years 1896 to 1898 he amassed sufficient lots of philatelic material to conduct twelve auctions on his own. After 1900, Walter Scott became a free-lance auctioneer, offering his services to practically every auction house in New York City. He was a very popular auctioneer, and, it is said that he \u201csold more lots of stamps than any other auctioneer.\u201d Scott was an expert on rare stamps and was often asked to evaluate rare stamps or appraise collections before sale. He was highly regarded for his integrity, and reviewed and appraised the collections in the estates of various famous philatelists. In the case of his evaluation and appraisal of the massive collection of the deceased philatelist, E. H. R. Green, after evaluating the material, Walter Scott arranged for its sale through twenty nine auctions, from 1942 to 1946. Walter Scott was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1950.", "SS Sir Walter Scott SS \" Sir Walter Scott\" is a small steamship that has provided pleasure cruises and a ferry service on Loch Katrine in the scenic Trossachs of Scotland for more than a century, and is the only surviving screw steamer in regular passenger service in Scotland. It is named after the writer Walter Scott, who set his 1810 poem Lady of the Lake, and his 1818 novel Rob Roy around Loch Katrine. In 1859 Loch Katrine became Glasgow's main water supply, connected by aqueducts and tunnels to the city more than away through a hilly landscape. The Trossachs became very popular in the Victorian era, and there were early steamship services on the loch. The Loch is surrounded by wooded mountains, and has romantic historical connections including the birthplace of the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor. Queen Victoria had a holiday house built overlooking the loch. William Denny and Brothers built \"Sir Walter Scott\" as a \"knock-down\" ship; that is, it was assembled with bolts and nuts at Denny's shipyard at Dumbarton on the River Leven, the pieces numbered and dismantled again, transported in pieces by barge up Loch Lomond and overland by horse-drawn cart to Stronachlachar pier on Loch Katrine and there rebuilt with rivets and launched. Denny's assembled \"Sir Walter Scott\" at their yard in 1899 and completed its reassembly and launch on the loch in 1900. All ships in the UK must record a measured mile for seaworthiness. \" Sir Walter Scott\" completed its measured mile on the Firth of Clyde when bolted together, before being disassembled, transported to Loch Katrine and riveted together again. Its original cost was \u00a34,269, which included a delivery charge of \u00a32,028. \" Sir Walter Scott\" weighs 115 tons, is long and has a beam.", "Both groups watch Havok\u2019s recent speech about the \"M-word\", and Kitty Pryde disagrees with the speech. Although Wolverine and Kitty Pryde order the time-displaced X-Men not to follow them, they go after them and, as a battle ensues, Lady Mastermind apparently causes Jean Grey to manifest the Phoenix Force, much to the shock of others. The X-Men and Brotherhood are frozen in distress as Lady Mastermind angrily persuades Jean to kill them all. While Jean proceeds to blame Mystique for causing this, Wolverine prepares to kill Jean in order to stop her from using a power that she cannot control. As Wolverine slashes Jean, it is revealed this is a psychic vision of the Phoenix that Jean somehow manifested into the minds of the Brotherhood, and that inadvertently entered the minds of Wolverine, Kitty, and the other X-Men. Mastermind creates one final illusion that she and Sabertooth use to escape, but Mystique is caught and sent to \"The Cage\", an extra-max prison (from which she quickly escapes). The team now has some time to relax, so Bobby and Scott go to a carnival and try to pick up some teenage girls. Jean grey practices her telekinetic skills with older Beast and destroy Wolverine's motorcycle. While putting it back together she reads Beast's mind and discovers that Beast had a long-time crush that he never pursued in respect for Scott Summers. Jean then confront time-displaced Beast and the two share their feeling and a romantic kiss. This crossover event included The Superior Spider-Man and The Hulk. The team decides to travel to New York City to unwind and have fun. Beast is still baffled by the kiss with Jean, especially when she and Scott go to the movies together. He decides to try his luck with the ladies before he turns blue and has no chance.", "Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott The Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott (2 October 1852 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Scottish author of historical novels and non-fiction and the great-granddaughter of the novelist Walter Scott. She was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent as Mary Monica Hope Scott in 1852, the only surviving child of James Hope-Scott (1812-1873) and Charlotte Harriet Jane n\u00e9e Lockhart (1827-1858), daughter of John Gibson Lockhart and grand-daughter of the noted Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott. Until her own children were born Mary Monica was the only living descendant of Sir Walter Scott. In 1868, as the heir to her father, she applied for a loan of \u00a32,000 to have the land at Abbotsford House drained; as a minor she received her father's consent for the loan. On the death of her father in 1873 she inherited Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. In London in 1874 she married the Hon Joseph Constable-Maxwell, third son of William, Lord Herries, following which the couple adopted the surname Maxwell-Scott. Like her great-grandfather, she became a writer of historical books. She also wrote a number of books about her famous ancestor including an authoritative guide to Scott\u2019s collection of 'gabions' titled \"Abbotsford: a Guide to the Personal Relics and Possessions of Sir Walter Scott\". Mary Maxwell-Scott had eight children, five of whom survived her. These were: Margaret Mary Lucy Constable-Maxwell-Scott (d. 1912); Maj.-Gen."], "answer": {"text": "After finishing school he was sent to stay for six months with his aunt Jenny in Kelso, attending the local grammar school", "answer_start": 713}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "He was the ninth child of Walter Scott, a Writer to the Signet (solicitor), and Anne Rutherford.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "In October 1779 he began at the Royal High School of Edinburgh (in High School Yards", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#5", "question": "what did he do after school?", "rewrite": "What did Walter Scott do after finishing school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Walter Scott of Branxholme and Buccleuch Sir Walter Scott, 1st of Branxholme, 3rd of Buccleuch (c. 1495 \u2013 killed 4 October 1552), known as \"Wicked Wat\", was a nobleman of the Scottish Borders and the chief of Clan Scott who briefly served as Warden of the Middle March. He was an \"inveterate English hater\" active in the wars known as The Rough Wooing and a noted Border reiver. He was killed on Edinburgh High Street in a feud with Clan Kerr in 1552. His great-grandson was Sir Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch, the \"Bold Buccleuch\" (1565\u20131611), a border reiver famed for his role in the rescue of Kinmont Willie Armstrong. Walter Scott was the son of Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch, 2nd of Buccleuch, and Elizabeth Kerr, daughter of Walter Kerr of Cessford. The elder Sir Walter succeeded his grandfather, David Scott, 1st of Buccleuch, as baron of Branxholme in 1492 and died before 15 April 1504. The younger Walter was knighted on the field at the battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, where he lost many of his kinsmen. He was named heir to his father 27 October 1517, and was appointed Baillie of the lands of the Melrose Abbey in 1519, a position that was soon after made hereditary and confirmed in Rome in 1525. He was warded in Edinburgh in 1524 following a dispute with Margaret Tudor, the Queen Dowager of James IV, regarding her dower lands in Ettrick Forest, but he escaped the same year and associated himself with the opposing party of her husband Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus and Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox.", "Walter Stone Scott Walter Stone Scott (February 17, 1871 \u2013 October 29, 1948), of New York City, was an auctioneer of postage stamps and postal history items. He was the son of the famous philatelist John Walter Scott. Walter Scott started his business of selling rare postage stamps in New York City during the 1890s. During the years 1896 to 1898 he amassed sufficient lots of philatelic material to conduct twelve auctions on his own. After 1900, Walter Scott became a free-lance auctioneer, offering his services to practically every auction house in New York City. He was a very popular auctioneer, and, it is said that he \u201csold more lots of stamps than any other auctioneer.\u201d Scott was an expert on rare stamps and was often asked to evaluate rare stamps or appraise collections before sale. He was highly regarded for his integrity, and reviewed and appraised the collections in the estates of various famous philatelists. In the case of his evaluation and appraisal of the massive collection of the deceased philatelist, E. H. R. Green, after evaluating the material, Walter Scott arranged for its sale through twenty nine auctions, from 1942 to 1946. Walter Scott was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1950.", "SS Sir Walter Scott SS \" Sir Walter Scott\" is a small steamship that has provided pleasure cruises and a ferry service on Loch Katrine in the scenic Trossachs of Scotland for more than a century, and is the only surviving screw steamer in regular passenger service in Scotland. It is named after the writer Walter Scott, who set his 1810 poem Lady of the Lake, and his 1818 novel Rob Roy around Loch Katrine. In 1859 Loch Katrine became Glasgow's main water supply, connected by aqueducts and tunnels to the city more than away through a hilly landscape. The Trossachs became very popular in the Victorian era, and there were early steamship services on the loch. The Loch is surrounded by wooded mountains, and has romantic historical connections including the birthplace of the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor. Queen Victoria had a holiday house built overlooking the loch. William Denny and Brothers built \"Sir Walter Scott\" as a \"knock-down\" ship; that is, it was assembled with bolts and nuts at Denny's shipyard at Dumbarton on the River Leven, the pieces numbered and dismantled again, transported in pieces by barge up Loch Lomond and overland by horse-drawn cart to Stronachlachar pier on Loch Katrine and there rebuilt with rivets and launched. Denny's assembled \"Sir Walter Scott\" at their yard in 1899 and completed its reassembly and launch on the loch in 1900. All ships in the UK must record a measured mile for seaworthiness. \" Sir Walter Scott\" completed its measured mile on the Firth of Clyde when bolted together, before being disassembled, transported to Loch Katrine and riveted together again. Its original cost was \u00a34,269, which included a delivery charge of \u00a32,028. \" Sir Walter Scott\" weighs 115 tons, is long and has a beam.", "Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, of Beauclerc Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet of Beauclerc (17 August 1826 \u2013 8 April 1910) was an English building contractor and publisher. Based in Newcastle upon Tyne, Scott began his profession as a mason, before setting up his own building firm, completing many major architectural projects in the North East of England and notable railway stations in London. His publishing house, Walter Scott Publishing Co. brought classic literature to the masses for a low price. (He is not to be confused with the novelist and Baronet Sir Walter Scott) Scott was born in Abbey Town, Cumberland in 1826. In his youth he was a notable wrestler and was seen as the best wrestler in his weight within his district, and won several wrestling prizes at local fairs. He moved to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and began an apprenticeship as a stonemason. After completing his apprenticeship he worked as a builder and began working on several contracts in the local area. By the age of 23 he had set up his own building company. Scott later began winning building contracts in the North East and was the main contractor behind several landmark buildings within Newcastle, including the Tyne Theatre, Byker Bridge and added the portico to Newcastle railway station in 1863. Outside Newcastle he completed rebuilding work at Haggerston Castle and several railway projects in London, including City and South London Railway and the marble arch at the Central London Station. In 1882 Scott acquired The Tyne Publishing Co., a printing and publishing business that was facing impending bankruptcy. Within a few years Scott, trading as the Walter Scott Publishing Co. Ltd., published \"several hundred volumes\". His publications featured a number of book reprint series (including the Camelot Classics, the Canterbury Poets, the Emerald Library, the Evergreen Library, the Great Writers and the Oxford Library) and a series of original works in The Contemporary Science Series.", "Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott The Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott (2 October 1852 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Scottish author of historical novels and non-fiction and the great-granddaughter of the novelist Walter Scott. She was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent as Mary Monica Hope Scott in 1852, the only surviving child of James Hope-Scott (1812-1873) and Charlotte Harriet Jane n\u00e9e Lockhart (1827-1858), daughter of John Gibson Lockhart and grand-daughter of the noted Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott. Until her own children were born Mary Monica was the only living descendant of Sir Walter Scott. In 1868, as the heir to her father, she applied for a loan of \u00a32,000 to have the land at Abbotsford House drained; as a minor she received her father's consent for the loan. On the death of her father in 1873 she inherited Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. In London in 1874 she married the Hon Joseph Constable-Maxwell, third son of William, Lord Herries, following which the couple adopted the surname Maxwell-Scott. Like her great-grandfather, she became a writer of historical books. She also wrote a number of books about her famous ancestor including an authoritative guide to Scott\u2019s collection of 'gabions' titled \"Abbotsford: a Guide to the Personal Relics and Possessions of Sir Walter Scott\". Mary Maxwell-Scott had eight children, five of whom survived her. These were: Margaret Mary Lucy Constable-Maxwell-Scott (d. 1912); Maj.-Gen."], "answer": {"text": "who later became his business partners and printed his books.", "answer_start": 876}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "He was the ninth child of Walter Scott, a Writer to the Signet (solicitor), and Anne Rutherford.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "In October 1779 he began at the Royal High School of Edinburgh (in High School Yards", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "After finishing school he was sent to stay for six months with his aunt Jenny in Kelso, attending the local grammar school", "answer_start": 713, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#6", "question": "who?", "rewrite": "Who later became Walter Scott's business partner?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet, of Beauclerc Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet of Beauclerc (17 August 1826 \u2013 8 April 1910) was an English building contractor and publisher. Based in Newcastle upon Tyne, Scott began his profession as a mason, before setting up his own building firm, completing many major architectural projects in the North East of England and notable railway stations in London. His publishing house, Walter Scott Publishing Co. brought classic literature to the masses for a low price. (He is not to be confused with the novelist and Baronet Sir Walter Scott) Scott was born in Abbey Town, Cumberland in 1826. In his youth he was a notable wrestler and was seen as the best wrestler in his weight within his district, and won several wrestling prizes at local fairs. He moved to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and began an apprenticeship as a stonemason. After completing his apprenticeship he worked as a builder and began working on several contracts in the local area. By the age of 23 he had set up his own building company. Scott later began winning building contracts in the North East and was the main contractor behind several landmark buildings within Newcastle, including the Tyne Theatre, Byker Bridge and added the portico to Newcastle railway station in 1863. Outside Newcastle he completed rebuilding work at Haggerston Castle and several railway projects in London, including City and South London Railway and the marble arch at the Central London Station. In 1882 Scott acquired The Tyne Publishing Co., a printing and publishing business that was facing impending bankruptcy. Within a few years Scott, trading as the Walter Scott Publishing Co. Ltd., published \"several hundred volumes\". His publications featured a number of book reprint series (including the Camelot Classics, the Canterbury Poets, the Emerald Library, the Evergreen Library, the Great Writers and the Oxford Library) and a series of original works in The Contemporary Science Series.", "Orpheum Circuit The Orpheum Circuit was a chain of vaudeville and movie theaters. It was founded in 1886 and operated through 1927 when it was merged into the Keith-Albee-Orpheum corporation, ultimately becoming part of the Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) corporation. The Orpheum Circuit was started by the vaudeville impresario Gustav Walter, who opened the Orpheum Opera House in San Francisco in 1886. This first Orpheum seated 3500 and quickly became one of the most popular theaters in San Francisco attracting a wide variety of people. The Orpheum's tickets were scaled to draw a mixed audience. Customers bought tickets to the Orpheum because of its diverse program that ranged from knockabout comedy to opera. It drew a late-night crowd since it was the only theater open late with performances lasting until two in the morning. The Orpheum's shows were advertised to appeal to \"elite audiences\" and were \"suitable for refined young ladies\". One reporter noted that upon seeing a show at the Orpheum, he saw just as many female attendees as male. Despite his success, Walter was in debt, and in 1891, faced with bankruptcy, he leased his theater and its management to John Cort. Cort took over the operations of the Orpheum for two years until his own bankruptcy led to Walter being rehired as manager. This time, Walter had the financial backing of Morris Meyerfeld. Meyerfeld became Walter's business partner, investing $50,000 as his share. As co-owner, Meyerfeld managed the business and financial aspects of the Orpheum while Walter managed the talent and booking for the theater. As partners they re-opened the theater in 1893 and made the Orpheum the place to go for a night on the town.", "Walter Stone Scott Walter Stone Scott (February 17, 1871 \u2013 October 29, 1948), of New York City, was an auctioneer of postage stamps and postal history items. He was the son of the famous philatelist John Walter Scott. Walter Scott started his business of selling rare postage stamps in New York City during the 1890s. During the years 1896 to 1898 he amassed sufficient lots of philatelic material to conduct twelve auctions on his own. After 1900, Walter Scott became a free-lance auctioneer, offering his services to practically every auction house in New York City. He was a very popular auctioneer, and, it is said that he \u201csold more lots of stamps than any other auctioneer.\u201d Scott was an expert on rare stamps and was often asked to evaluate rare stamps or appraise collections before sale. He was highly regarded for his integrity, and reviewed and appraised the collections in the estates of various famous philatelists. In the case of his evaluation and appraisal of the massive collection of the deceased philatelist, E. H. R. Green, after evaluating the material, Walter Scott arranged for its sale through twenty nine auctions, from 1942 to 1946. Walter Scott was named to the American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame in 1950.", "Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott The Hon. Mary Monica Maxwell-Scott (2 October 1852 \u2013 15 March 1920) was a Scottish author of historical novels and non-fiction and the great-granddaughter of the novelist Walter Scott. She was born in Tunbridge Wells in Kent as Mary Monica Hope Scott in 1852, the only surviving child of James Hope-Scott (1812-1873) and Charlotte Harriet Jane n\u00e9e Lockhart (1827-1858), daughter of John Gibson Lockhart and grand-daughter of the noted Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott. Until her own children were born Mary Monica was the only living descendant of Sir Walter Scott. In 1868, as the heir to her father, she applied for a loan of \u00a32,000 to have the land at Abbotsford House drained; as a minor she received her father's consent for the loan. On the death of her father in 1873 she inherited Abbotsford House, the home of Walter Scott. In London in 1874 she married the Hon Joseph Constable-Maxwell, third son of William, Lord Herries, following which the couple adopted the surname Maxwell-Scott. Like her great-grandfather, she became a writer of historical books. She also wrote a number of books about her famous ancestor including an authoritative guide to Scott\u2019s collection of 'gabions' titled \"Abbotsford: a Guide to the Personal Relics and Possessions of Sir Walter Scott\". Mary Maxwell-Scott had eight children, five of whom survived her. These were: Margaret Mary Lucy Constable-Maxwell-Scott (d. 1912); Maj.-Gen.", "SS Sir Walter Scott SS \" Sir Walter Scott\" is a small steamship that has provided pleasure cruises and a ferry service on Loch Katrine in the scenic Trossachs of Scotland for more than a century, and is the only surviving screw steamer in regular passenger service in Scotland. It is named after the writer Walter Scott, who set his 1810 poem Lady of the Lake, and his 1818 novel Rob Roy around Loch Katrine. In 1859 Loch Katrine became Glasgow's main water supply, connected by aqueducts and tunnels to the city more than away through a hilly landscape. The Trossachs became very popular in the Victorian era, and there were early steamship services on the loch. The Loch is surrounded by wooded mountains, and has romantic historical connections including the birthplace of the outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor. Queen Victoria had a holiday house built overlooking the loch. William Denny and Brothers built \"Sir Walter Scott\" as a \"knock-down\" ship; that is, it was assembled with bolts and nuts at Denny's shipyard at Dumbarton on the River Leven, the pieces numbered and dismantled again, transported in pieces by barge up Loch Lomond and overland by horse-drawn cart to Stronachlachar pier on Loch Katrine and there rebuilt with rivets and launched. Denny's assembled \"Sir Walter Scott\" at their yard in 1899 and completed its reassembly and launch on the loch in 1900. All ships in the UK must record a measured mile for seaworthiness. \" Sir Walter Scott\" completed its measured mile on the Firth of Clyde when bolted together, before being disassembled, transported to Loch Katrine and riveted together again. Its original cost was \u00a34,269, which included a delivery charge of \u00a32,028. \" Sir Walter Scott\" weighs 115 tons, is long and has a beam."], "answer": {"text": "John Ballantyne,", "answer_start": 859}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "He was the ninth child of Walter Scott, a Writer to the Signet (solicitor), and Anne Rutherford.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "In October 1779 he began at the Royal High School of Edinburgh (in High School Yards", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "After finishing school he was sent to stay for six months with his aunt Jenny in Kelso, attending the local grammar school", "answer_start": 713, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did he do after school?", "answer": {"text": "who later became his business partners and printed his books.", "answer_start": 876, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_11d26dd9b54845759b10bef5895fc901_1_q#7", "question": "what did they do together?", "rewrite": "What did Walter Scott and John Ballantyne do together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Waverley Novels The Waverley Novels are a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott (1771\u20131832). For nearly a century, they were among the most popular and widely read novels in all of Europe. Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827, the series takes its name from \"Waverley\", the first novel of the series released in 1814. The later books bore the words \"by the author of \"Waverley\"\" on their title pages. The \"Tales of my Landlord\" sub-series was not advertised as \"by the author of \"Waverley\"\" and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series. The novels were all originally printed by James Ballantyne on the Canongate in Edinburgh. James Ballantyne was the brother of one of Scott's close friends, John Ballantyne (\"Printed by James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co., Edinburgh\"). There are two definitive editions. One is the \"Magnum Opus\", a 48-volume set published between 1829 and 1833 by Robert Cadell, based on previous editions, with new introductions and notes by Scott. This was the basis of almost all subsequent editions until the appearance of the standard modern edition, the Edinburgh Edition of the Waverley Novels, a 30-volume set, based on early-edition texts emended mainly from the surviving manuscripts, published by Edinburgh University Press between 1993 and 2012. In Scotland, Waverley Station and Waverley Bridge in Edinburgh were named after these novels. In North America, the towns of Waverly, Nebraska; Waverly, Illinois; Waverly, South Dakota; Waverley, New York; Waverley, Nova Scotia; Waverly, Ohio; Waverly Hall, Georgia;<ref", "James Ballantyne James Ballantyne (1772\u20131833) was an editor and publisher who worked for his friend Sir Walter Scott. His brother John Ballantyne (1774\u20131821) was also with the publishing firm, which is noted for the publication of the \"Novelist's Library\" (1820), and many works edited or written by Scott. James was born in Kelso, Scottish Borders in 1772 and the oldest son in a family of successful merchants. He attended Kelso Grammer School where he met Sir Walter Scott for the first time in 1783. Scott lived with his aunt briefly in Kelso when they met. They both shared a love of literature. James went on to attend Edinburg University to study law. He returned to Kelso in 1795 to become a solicitor. Although James was not raised in a printing family, he opened a printing office in 1796. On 13 April 1797, the first edition of the pro-tory newspaper, \"The Kelso Mail\", was published in which James was also the editor. Due to the newspaper being only a weekly paper, he desired to work with those in the literary field who could use his services on the days he wasn't printing the \"Mail\". In 1799, he begged Scott write a few paragraphs for the newspaper on legal questions of the day. Scott then persuaded James to publish books as well as newspapers. That same year, James secretly printed \"An Apology for Tales of Terror\" and \"The Eve of St. John\"', which gave a start to Scott's writing career. This was the beginning of a partnership that would continue until Scott's death in 1832. Impressed with the typographical excellence of the first two published pamphlets, Scott offered James the rights to publish a collection of Border ballads that he had begun collecting.", "Although \"Waverley\" was published by Constable in 1814, Scott, owing either, as stated by Lockhart, to the misrepresentations of John Ballantyne regarding Constable, or to the urgent necessity for more ready money than Constable was willing to advance, made arrangements in 1815 for the publication of \"Guy Mannering\" by Longman, and in the following year of the \"Tales of my Landlord\" by Murray. Lockhart states that Ballantyne, in negotiating with Constable in 1817 regarding a second series of \"Tales of my Landlord\", so wrought on his jealousy by hinting at the possibility of dividing the series with Murray, that he 'agreed on the instant to do all that John shrank from asking, and at one sweep cleared the Augean stable in Hanover Street of unsaleable rubbish to the amount of \u00a35,270'; but from a passage in the \"Life of Archibald Constable\" it would appear that this was not effected till a later period. John Ballantyne, whom Scott continued to employ in all the negotiations regarding the publication of his works, had in 1813, on the advice of Constable, started as an auctioneer chiefly of books and works of art, an occupation well suited to his peculiar idiosyncrasies. As he had also made a stipulation with Constable that he was to have a third share in the profits of the Waverley Novels, he suffered no pecuniary loss by the dissolution of the old publishing firm. In addition to this, Scott, in 1820, gratuitously offered his services as editor of a \"Novelist's Library\", to be published for his sole benefit. His easily won gains were devoted to the gratification of somewhat expensive tastes.", "John Ballantyne (publisher) John Ballantyne (1774\u20131821) was a Scottish publisher notable for his work with Walter Scott, a pre-eminent author of the time. Ballantyne, younger brother of James Ballantyne the printer of Walter Scott's works, was born at Kelso in 1774. After spending a short time in the banking house of Currie & Co., London, he returned, in 1795, to Kelso, and became partner in his father's business as general merchant. On his marriage in 1797 the partnership was dissolved, one principal part of the business being resigned to him. Gradually he got into money difficulties, and, having disposed of his goods to pay his debts, went to Edinburgh in January 1806, to become clerk in his brother's printing establishment at a salary of \u00a3200 a year. When Scott in 1808, on the ostensible ground of a misunderstanding with Messrs. Constable & Hunter, established the firm of John Ballantyne & Co., John Ballantyne was appointed manager at a salary of \u00a3300 a year and one-fourth of the profits. The private memorandum-book of Ballantyne records that already in 1809 the firm was getting into difficulties; and during the next three years their general speculations continued so uniformly unsuccessful, that in May 1813 Scott opened negotiations with Constable for pecuniary assistance in return for certain stock and copyright, including a share in some of Scott's own poems, and on a pledge of winding up the concerns of the firm as soon as possible.", "Ballantyne was in difficulties, and Constable again became Scott's publisher, a condition being that the firm of John Ballantyne & Co. should be wound up at an early date, though Scott retained his interest in the printing business of James Ballantyne & Co. In 1808 he served as Moderator of the High Constables of Edinburgh. In 1812 Constable, who had admitted Robert Cathcart and Robert Cadell as partners on Hunter's retirement, purchased the copyright of the \"Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica\", adding the supplement (6 vols, 1816-1824) to the 4th, 5th and 6th editions. In 1814 he bought the copyright of \"Waverley\". This was issued anonymously; but in a short time 12,000 copies were disposed of, Scott's other novels following in quick succession. The firm also published the \"Annual Register\". Through over-speculation, complications arose, and in 1826 a crash came. Constable's London agents stopped payment, and he failed for over \u00a3250,000, while James Ballantyne & Co. also went bankrupt for nearly \u00a390,000. Sir Walter Scott was affected by the failure of both firms. Constable started business afresh, and began in 1827 \"Constable's Miscellany of Original and Selected Works\" consisting of a series of original works, and of standard books republished in a cheap form, thus making one of the earliest and most famous attempts to popularize high-quality literature. Constable died at home, 3 Park Place in Edinburgh, on 21 July 1827, but his firm survived, and the Constable publishing business continued in the twentieth century, issuing a wide range of fiction and non-fiction books. It continues today as Constable & Robinson. Park Place was a small square north of George Square which was demolished later in the 19th century to build the new medical buildings for Edinburgh University."], "answer": {"text": "printed his books.", "answer_start": 919}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Walter Scott born?", "answer": {"text": "in Dryburgh Abbey.", "answer_start": 330, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "He was the ninth child of Walter Scott, a Writer to the Signet (solicitor), and Anne Rutherford.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "In October 1779 he began at the Royal High School of Edinburgh (in High School Yards", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "After finishing school he was sent to stay for six months with his aunt Jenny in Kelso, attending the local grammar school", "answer_start": 713, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did he do after school?", "answer": {"text": "who later became his business partners and printed his books.", "answer_start": 876, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who?", "answer": {"text": "John Ballantyne,", "answer_start": 859, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#0", "question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "rewrite": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pink Spider Released on May 13, 1998, \"Pink Spider\" was the first release published after hide's death on May 2. A live version of the song was included on the 2000 re-recording of \"Tell Me\". It was recorded on November 18, 1998 during the Tribal Ja, Zoo tour that was undertaken by Spread Beaver using recordings of hide's vocals. On November 22, 2006, the \"Pink Spider\" single was re-released. On December 8, 2010, it was re-released again as part of the third releases in \"The Devolution Project\", which was a release of hide's original eleven singles on picture disc vinyl. \"Pink Spider\" debuted at number 1 on the Oricon weekly charts with sales over 513,000 copies in the initial week of the release. By the end of the year it sold 1,033,770 copies, becoming the 11th best-selling single of the year and was certified Million by the RIAJ. It was also named \"Song of the Year\" at the 13th Japan Gold Disc Awards. The song's music video was named the best of the year at the 1998 Space Shower Music Video Awards. In 2011, a jukebox musical based on and featuring hide's music was created, it was named \"Pink Spider\" after the song. It ran from March 8 to the 27 at the Tokyo Globe Theater and was then brought to Fukuoka, Kobe, Nagoya, Niigata, Sendai, and Sapporo in April. All songs written and composed by hide. The song was covered by Siam Shade and Cornelius on the 1999 hide tribute album \"Tribute Spirits\". Nu metal band Rize covered this song and released it as their single \"Pink Spider\" in 2006.", "In addition to its effects during the encoding phase, emotional arousal appears to increase the likelihood of memory consolidation during the retention (storage) stage of memory (the process of creating a permanent record of the encoded information). A number of studies show that over time, memories for neutral stimuli decrease but memories for arousing stimuli remain the same or improve. Others have discovered that memory enhancements for emotional information tend to be greater after longer delays than after relatively short ones. This delayed effect is consistent with the proposal that emotionally arousing memories are more likely to be converted into a relatively permanent trace, whereas memories for nonarousing events are more vulnerable to disruption. A few studies have even found that emotionally arousing stimuli enhance memory only after a delay. The most famous of these was a study by Kleinsmith and Kaplan (1963) that found an advantage for numbers paired with arousing words over those paired with neutral words only at delayed test, but not at immediate test. As outlined by Mather (2007), the Kleinsmith and Kaplan effects were most likely due to a methodological confound. However, Sharot and Phelps (2004) found better recognition of arousing words over neutral words at a delayed test but not at an immediate test, supporting the notion that there is enhanced memory consolidation for arousing stimuli. According to these theories, different physiological systems, including those involved in the discharge of hormones believed to affect memory consolidation, become active during, and closely following, the occurrence of arousing events. Another possible explanation for the findings of the emotional arousal delayed effect is post-event processing regarding the cause of the arousal. According to the post stimulus elaboration (PSE) hypothesis, an arousing emotional experience may cause more effort to be invested in elaboration of the experience, which would subsequently be processed at a deeper level than a neutral experience.", "Spider (British band) Spider were a new wave of British heavy metal (NWOBHM) band from Liverpool that formed in 1976. The band, who were often compared to Status Quo, offered an upbeat sound, which was described as boogie rock. Spider released three albums in the 10 years they were together, titled \"Rock 'n' Roll Gypsies\" (1982) \"Rough Justice\" (1984) and \"Raise the Banner (For Rock 'n' Roll)\" (1986) The band split in 1986. Spider formed in 1976, consisted of four young men from Wallasey, including 2 brothers, none of whom had played in bands before. After releasing \"Children of the Street\" on the Alien Record Label, Spider were playing, on average 20 dates a month, which included a support slot on the Uriah Heep 1980 Winter Tour. 1982 proved to be the band's most lucrative year. It began in late 1981 when the band were contracted to record for BBC Radio 1 Friday Rock Show. The producer, Tony Wilson, introduced them to Maggi Farren, who set up a recording deal with Creole Records as well as getting the band a support slot on the 1981 Slade Winter Tour. Spider released the single \"Talkin' 'bout Rock 'n' Roll\" with Creole, which featured as part of Radio 1's play list. They then went into the studio to begin recording their first album \"Rock 'n' Roll Gypsies\", to be released on the Creole label also. However RCA, who had made a late bid for the band, and after negotiations, Spider signed a 6-year recording contract with the record label. 1982 continued with Spider packing out the Marquee Club once a month. They supported Alice Cooper on the British leg of his Special Forces Tour.", "A Navy panel headed by retired Vice Adm. Phillip Balisle has asserted that since the late 1990s there has been an over-emphasis on saving money, including cuts in crews and streamlined training and maintenance, which has led to a drastic decline in readiness, and has left Aegis combat systems in low state of readiness. And in spite of a reduction in the objective for the number of Aegis armed warships to field, the U.S. Navy will still fall short of this reduced objective under the fiscal year for 2012 shipbuilding plan for the next 30 years. The Russian government claims that the system is \"fueling a new arms race\", and is constructed \"on ridiculous fabricated pretexts\" of protection against non-existent threats of the so-called rogue states. Dmitry Rogozin, the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian government, said that the country would \"react in the sharpest manner\" to any American ships armed with the system found near their shores. The Aegis BMD system, coupled with the RIM-161 Standard missile (SM-3), has also demonstrated a limited capability as an anti-satellite weapon against satellites in the lower portion of low Earth orbit. On February 20, 2008, USA 193 was destroyed by a group of Aegis ships in the Pacific; the stated reason was concern that satellite's hydrazine payload might contaminate land area upon re-entry from an uncontrolled orbit. The launching vessel was , and one SM-3 missile was used. Interception was at an altitude of 133 nautical miles (247 kilometers). According to a Congressional Research Service report dated July 31, 2014, the lack of a test target simulating the Chinese DF-21 ASBM is highlighted. A threat representative Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile (ASBM) target for operational open-air testing has become an immediate test resource need.", "GP Herning Grand Prix Herning is a one-day road bicycle race, held in \"Midtjylland\", Denmark. The race is organised by Herning Bicycle Club with both start and goal in Herning. The race is characterised by its gravel paths, which result in multiple punctures for the racers. The many paths and defects makes the race very selective, and it is often won by a solo rider or from a small group. Grand Prix Herning gained prominence with Bjarne Riis's victories in 1996 (the same year that he won Tour De France), 1997 and 1998. For several years the race was run as part of the UCI\u2019s calendar, with a fixed spot for the coming spring. It has gained the nickname \"A spring day at the heath\" (\"En For\u00e5rsdag p\u00e5 heden\") with the hidden hint to J\u00f8rgen Leth's film on Paris-Roubaix, \"A Sunday in Hell\" (\"En For\u00e5rsdag i Helede\"). The race has had multiple economic problems and was not held in 2008. The race was returned in 2009, and was held until another break again in 2012 due to the \"Giro D\u2019Italia\" start*11 in the city. In 2013 the race was run as a UCI race for the last time . In 2014 the race got a helping hand from the Danish Cycling Federation which wrote the race in as part of the Post Cup (today known as the PostNord Cup). The race is now a returning part of the Danish Cup Series. Updated 2016 \"Genius Race. Really impressive. International Cut. Supreme by Herning Bicycle Club. Five stars out of five\". Jens Veggerby, \"Herning Folkeblad\". 24 May 1993."], "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#1", "question": "Did it win award", "rewrite": "Did Year of the Spider win awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Elizabeth Taylor friend Mickey Rooney accepted this \"Living Legend\" award to celebrate Taylor's lifetime work in Hollywood and her charity work advancing HIV/AIDS activism. The 2010 WIN Awards also honored Suzanne Roberts for her many career achievements. Her sons, Douglas Roberts and Brian L. Roberts (chairman of Comcast and NBC/Universal), and her husband, Ralph J. Roberts, presented to Mrs. Roberts. Produced at The Broad Stage, Wendy Liebman hosted. \"Glee\", Claire Danes, Sally Hawkins, Jennifer Aniston, Diane Lane, Joey King, Selena Gomez, Jane Lynch, Susan Sarandon and Maggie Smith were among the many WIN Awards nominees. Show presenters included: Carl Reiner, Lea Thompson, AJ Michalka, John Savage (actor), Sean Young, Sara Rue, Kahi Lee, and Sally Kirkland. Winners:   Winners Style from the 14th Annual Women\u2019s Image Network (WIN) Awards WIN Humanitarian Honoree was producer, writer and arts patron Maria Arena Bell, which Lisa Kudrow\"Friends\" presented. Show co-hosts were Melissa Peterman, Bruce Vilanch. The presenters included Beverly Johnson, Nadine Velazquez, and Ace Young. Singer, Diana DeGarmo, an \"American Idol\" winner, performed and presented. The WIN Awards 2012 were produced at The Paramount Theater on Paramount Studios. The WIN Awards 2012 were produced at The Paramount Theater on Paramount Studios. Actress Lisa Kudrow presented to Humanitarian Honoree, producer and philanthropist Maria Arena Bell. Winners Grammy winner David Foster and Ruben Studdard performed at The WIN Awards. Cecilia DeMille Presley grand daughter to Cecil DeMille, Ambassador Swanee Hunt and Rosalind Jarrett were all honored, while Oprah and Kerry Washington were nominees, among others.", "In lieu of a tribute video, Tomlin was applauded with 'Lily Love Letters' sent from famous friends and serenaded by director David O. Russell. Ruth Buzzi of \"Laugh In\" presented. Presenters included Laraine Newman, Kathy Najimy, Ruth Buzzi, Doris Roberts, Melissa Joan Hart, Anne-Marie Johnson, Arthur Hiller, Dava Savel, Sally Kirkland and Alex Ben Block. Winners The WIN Awards were part of the closing night of the final WinFemme Film Festival. The three filmmaker Audience Award winners were: (Feature Film), \"Controlled Chaos\", director, Azita Zendel, (Documentary Feature) \"Searching For Paradise\", director, Binnur Karaevli and (Short Film), \"Katherine\", director, Mary Louise Stoughton. Hosted by Will Sasso and Sara Rue, producer Lauren Shuler Donner received a Lifetime Achievement Award from presenter Rachel Weisz. Held at the historic Culver City Studios, director Vicky Jensen (\"Shrek\") was honored with WIN's first Kiera Chaplin Limelight directing award. British model and actress Kiera Chaplin is the granddaughter of Charlie Chaplin and great-grand daughter of playwright Eugene O\u2019Neill. Presenters and guests included Carrie Fisher, Richard Donner, Bonnie Palef, Peter Guber, Yeardley Smith, Melissa Joan Hart, Brittany Snow, Holliston Coleman, Al Jean, Sarah Ramos, Sean Patrick Thomas, Jane Anderson, Valarie Pettiford, Dayna Devon, Neal McDonough, Charlie Robinson and Suzanne Sena. Winners WIN added advertising awards with advertising industry artists judges like Charlotte Moore, Sally Hogshead, Amee Shah, Ellen Steinberg, Joyce King Thomas, Liz Paradise (Jury Chair) and David Oakley. Winners Kathy Griffin hosted The WIN Awards 2005. Christine Lahti, Andrea Parker,", "Film producer Laura Ziskin (\"Spider-Man\") (who also founded Stand Up to Cancer before she succumbed to the disease at age 61) was honored that same year and her former boss, producer Jon Peters, presented her Woman of The Year tribute. In 1994, for WIN, producer Phyllis Stuart created and executive-produced the ABC Primetime Special \"Fifty Years of Funny Females\" starring John Ritter, Annie Potts, Paula Poundstone, Debbie Allen and Pam Stone. This clip show aired twice on ABC and again on Lifetime Television. For four years, The WIN Awards coincided with The WIN Femme Film Festival created to support emerging and/or first-time filmmakers. WinFemme Film Festival Wants Women's Stories The WIN Femme Film Festival programmed independently produced short films, documentary feature films and full-length feature films which told a woman's story, had a female protagonist, but which were created either by male or female artists). Best documentary went to Paolo di Florio for her film, \"Speaking In Strings.\". WIN created this festival to help filmmakers find distribution, get agents and win other awards; \"Speaking In Strings\" went on to win an Academy Award nomination. Director John Putch (son of Jean Stapleton) won best feature with \"Valerie Flake\" starring Susan Traylor (wife of Bob Dylan's son director, Jesse Dylan) who also garnered a Spirit Award for best actress. Actress Lauren Bacall accepted WIN's first Living Legend tribute. That night New Zealand film director Jane Campion was also honored and her \"Piano\" film star Sam Neill accepted her tribute on her behalf. Both Lynn Redgrave (Living Legend) and Pierce Brosnan (Humanitarian) were honorees. A few presenters were Lisa Gay Hamilton, Gavin Scott, and Allana Ubach. The WIN Awards 2001 winners Actress Lily Tomlin was honored as a Lifetime Achievement honoree.", "A mid-season feature story in \"The Hollywood Reporter\", which ran on January 25, 2011, stated that \"Glee\" had become the most-watched program of US origin in the UK. During its second season, \"Glee\" was nominated for forty-five awards. It won in three categories at the 68th Golden Globe Awards, from five nominations, and in two categories at the 37th People's Choice Awards, from four nominations. Its five nominations at the Satellite Awards 2010 and three at the 17th Screen Actors Guild Awards produced no wins, nor did two nominations at the NAACP Image Awards. \"Glee\" garnered nine nominations at the AfterEllen.com and AfterElton.com Visibility Awards, of which it won four. It was awarded a further four awards by the Gay and Lesbian Entertainment Critics Association at the 2011 Dorian Awards, with the TV Comedy Performance of the Year accolade resulting in a tie between Colfer and Lynch. Series producer Alexis Martin Woodall won the Television Produced By A Woman accolade at the WIN Awards, where \"Glee\" was nominated for three awards in total. \"Glee\" was named one of the American Film Institute Television Programs of the Year at the 2010 AFI Awards, and tied with \"Modern Family\" for the Outstanding Comedy Series accolade at the 22nd GLAAD Media Awards. Series costume designer Lou Eyrich received the Outstanding Contemporary Television Series award at the Costume Designers Guild Awards 2010, and casting directors Robert J. Ulrich, Eric Dawson and Carol Kritzer won the CSA Media Access Award and for casting performers with disabilities. The series was additionally nominated in the International TV Show category at the British Academy Television Awards 2010, for International Breakthrough Act at the 2011 BRIT Awards, and in the Digital Choice category at the 2011 National Television Awards. Lynch was nominated for Comedy Actress \u2013 TV at the inaugural Comedy Awards.", "Amy Davidson, Lainie Kazan, Gurinder Chadha, Dan Wieden, Lu Chekowsky, Maureen Shirreff, Jennifer Hall, Lindsay Crouse and Danielle Panabaker were among the presenters, and its nominated actors, directors, writers and producers celebrated for having created outstanding work that dispelled stereotypes of women. Gurinder Chadha picked up the Chaplin Limelight Award for directing presented by Charlie Chaplin's granddaughter Kiera Chaplin for whom this award was created. The animated series \"Kim Possible\" and Kathy Najimy also won this same award two years later. Winners Held at UCLA, Senator Barbara Boxer accepted The Woman of The Year Honor. British actress Helen Mirren won two WIN tributes which actress Katie Holmes accepted on her behalf. Event co-chairs were Martha Luttrell, Jane Fonda and Susan Sarandon. Harry Shearer hosted; \"American Idol\" Ace Young performed. Winners Held at The Pacific Design Center, Diane Ladd accepted her Lifetime Achievement Award. Frances Fisher presented. Winners: WIN honored Cloris Leachman with its Living Legend Tribute and added interactive awards (video games) for the first time. WIN honored INTERACTIVE LIVING LEGEND Mary Dolaher. Patty Smyth and her band Scandal performed. Comic Judy Tenuta hosted and Tig Notaro also performed. Presenters: Timothy Bottoms, Rick Overton, Hannah Simone, Bob Carrigan, John Savage, Sean Young, Diane English, Annie Wersching, Keith David, Eric Roberts. The WIN Awards 2008 Winners Presenters: Timothy Bottoms, Rick Overton, Hannah Simone, Bob Carrigan, Diane English, Annie Wersching, Keith David, Eric Roberts The Career Achievement Honoree was \"The Hollywood Reporter\" editor Elizabeth Guider. Winners This was a big awards show year for The WIN awards as WIN created two new Lifetime Achievement awards. These recipients were Suzanne Roberts and Dame Elizabeth Taylor."], "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#2", "question": "Did it have any singles", "rewrite": "Did Year of the Spider have any singles?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Spider-UK  Spider-UK is a British-based Spider-Man appearing in Marvel Comics. He is notable for being of one of the lead characters in \"Spider-Verse\" storyline and is the leader of the Web Warriors. Spider-UK first appeared in \"Edge of Spider-Verse\" #2 and was created by Jason Latour and Robbi Rodriguez. Originating from Earth-833, Billy Braddock is one of the newest recruits of the Captain Britain Corps who operates as Spider-UK. Scanning other universes during the \"Spider-Verse\" storyline, he has seen the deaths of alternate versions of Spider-Man by the Inheritors. Inheritor Jennix detects Billy watching them and immediately cuts the scanner feed. As Saturnyne and Lady Roma discuss their concerns about the Incursions that are destroying many dimensions, Spider-UK tries to explain about the killings of the Spiders across the multiverse. Saturnyne rebuffs him, but a sympathetic Roma gives him a talisman that allows him to travel through the web of life in order to save the remaining Spiders. Spider-UK was first seen having arrived in Earth-65 where he sees Spider-Woman as a possible recruit for the army of Spider-Men. Spider-UK later accompanies Spider-Woman, Spider-Girl, Spider-Man 2099, Spider-Girl of Earth-982, and Spider-Ham into meeting with Spider-Man and Silk. Spider-UK explains they are the Spiders of other dimensions and that all the strands of the Great Web are converging on Earth-616 Peter. Spider-UK tells him Morlun's elder brother Daemos is coming to Earth-616 and all of them head into a portal to another dimension.", "When on Earth-13, Spider-Man is told by Spider-UK and Earth-13's Spider-Man who never lost the Enigma Force that there is a war coming and that Spider-Man is the greatest Spider-Man of all. It is explained by Spider-UK and Spider-Man of Earth-13 that Spider-Man is the only Spider-Man that faced an Inheritor and won. Spider-UK gets a reading on the second team and Old Man Spider-Man of Earth-4 says they need to act quickly to recruit them. When Morlun and his father Solus attack Earth-13 , Spider-UK calls Spider-Man and tells him the Safe Zone is lost. Kwaku Anansi of Earth-7082 is a spider totem that is recruited by Spider-UK. Before he can join, Anansi needs to trick a demi-god Mister Mighty after stealing his sheep, then escape from Shungo the storm god. On Earth-TRN521, Spider-UK recruits the Mexican Spider-Man named Ar\u00e1cnido. On Earth-3123, Karn is stopped from feeding on Spider-Ma'am by Spider-Girl, Spider-UK, Spider-Punk, , and Spider-Woman of Earth-807128. Spider-UK became a sole survivor from Earth-833 after his home reality was destroyed during the \"Time Runs Out\" storyline and chose to remain in the reality of the defeated Inheritors along with Anya Corazon. During the second volume of \"Spider-Verse\" set during the \"Secret Wars\" event, Spider-UK and Anya Corazon found themselves in the Battleworld domain of Arachnia with no memories of how they got there.", "Asked why he created the character, writer Gerry Conway explained:   Though Conway had no intention of using the character beyond this initial appearance, in which he dies, Reilly returned to the comics during the \"Clone Saga\", which ran from October 1994 to December 1996 through all five of the concurrent Spider-Man titles \u2014 \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"Web of Spider-Man\", \"\", \"Spider-Man Unlimited\", and \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\". Editor Danny Fingeroth directed the Spider-Man artists to design a costume for the character which would stand out from conventional superhero costumes by emphasizing simple functionality rather than flash. The artists worked on costume ideas independently, and according to Mark Bagley, Tom Lyle's \"hoodie\" design won unanimous approval among them. The original costume was later replaced by an updated Spider-Man costume designed by Bagley with minor alterations by Bob Budiansky. Between November and December 1995, the Scarlet Spider replaced Spider-Man in all five of the comics' titles, which became \"The Amazing Scarlet Spider\", \"Web of Scarlet Spider\", \"Scarlet Spider\", \"Scarlet-Spider Unlimited\", and \"The Spectacular Scarlet Spider\". Reilly was also featured prominently in the supplemental material provided for the storyline, including \"Spider-Man: The Lost Years\" and \"Spider-Man: Clone Journals\". The storyline was later revisited in \" What If\" (vol. 2) #86. Reilly was passed the mantle of Spider-Man and was featured throughout the Spider-Man titles \"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\", \"Spider-Man\", \"Spider-Man Unlimited\", and \"The Sensational Spider-Man\", which replaced \"Web of Spider-Man\" as an ongoing monthly title. Reilly remained as the featured Spider-Man between January and December 1996.", "They eventually teamed up with Spider-Woman of Earth-65, Spider-Ham, Spider-Man Noir, and Spider-Man of India with neither of them remembering their previous encounter during the original \"Spider-Verse\". After Gwen Stacy meets with the other spider-based heroes after her visit to Oscorp, they are interrupted by the arrival of the Sinister Six (consisting of Doctor Octopus, Electro, Kraven the Hunter, Sandman, Scorpion, and Vulture). The Sinister Six defeat the Spider-Men and bring them to Mayor Norman Osborn who states he wants to help them. This causes Spider-UK and the other Spider-Men to linger around Oscorp for awhile. Spider-UK and the other Spider-Men join Spider-Woman of Earth-65 and Arachnia's Spider-Man into defeating Norman Osborn and the Sinister Six. Following the conclusion of \"Secret Wars\" the team of six Spiders will rename itself and feature in a new ongoing series called \"Web Warriors\", a name that was coined by Peter Parker from the \"Ultimate Spider-Man\" TV series during the original \"Spider-Verse\". During the \"Spider-Geddon\" storyline, Spider-UK has been keeping surveillance on Earth-3145 with the help of Spider-Girl, Spider-Punk, Spider-Man India, and Master Weaver. They find that the Inheritors have become malnourished since they were last seen. While Loomworld was being dismantled, Spider-UK talks to Master Weaver on how the other spider-based heroes have a world to go to while he lost his world during the Incursions as they both consider each other greatest friends. The two of them get alerted to an Inheritor Cloning Engine on Earth-616. The two of them figure out what is happening.", "Web of Scarlet Spider  Web of Scarlet Spider is the name of a short-lived comic book series starring the Scarlet Spider. The series was published by Marvel Comics for four issues between November 1995 and February 1996. It was a direct continuation, in terms of creative teams and storylines, of the previous \"Web of Spider-Man\" series in the same way that the other three primary Spider-Man series (\"The Amazing Spider-Man\", \"Spectacular Spider-Man\", and \"\") were replaced by \"Amazing Scarlet Spider\", \"Spectacular Scarlet Spider\", and \"Scarlet Spider\" respectively during this period. While those series each reverted to their original titles after two issues (the quarterly \"Spider-Man Unlimited\" was similarly redone for one issue as \"Scarlet Spider Unlimited\"), \"Web\" remained a Scarlet Spider title for two additional issues before the series was cancelled entirely. The first two months of \"Scarlet Spider\" titles saw a holographic Scarlet Spider imposter destroy the real Spider's reputation. As a result, Ben Reilly (the real Spider) decided to abandon the Scarlet Spider guise in favor of a new Spider-Man costume in \"Spectacular Scarlet Spider\" #2. While the new title \"The Sensational Spider-Man\" was created to replace \"Web\" as the fourth Spider-Man title, \"Web\" continued for two more issues, following Joe Wade in a three-part crossover that included \"New Warriors\" vol. 1 #67. Wade was an FBI agent who became possessed by nanotechs in Lady Octopus' lab explosion, giving him Scarlet Spider's appearance and powers. Creators who contributed to the title include writers Tom DeFalco, Todd DeZago, and Evan Skolnick and pencillers Paris Karounos and Tom Morgan. The first two issues are collected in \"Spider-Man: The Complete Ben Reilly Epic Book 1\"."], "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\"", "answer_start": 342}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win award", "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#3", "question": "Was that the only single", "rewrite": "Was \"Stupid Girl\" the only single from The Year of the Spider?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In North America, after a week on air in April, \"Stupid Girl\" debuted on Modern Rock Tracks at 38th. Two weeks later, it broke into the Modern Rock top twenty \u2013 with an \"Airpower\" rating, meaning the song had registered over 900 detections for the first time on alternative radio and debuted at 66th on the Hot 100 Airplay chart. At the end of the month \"Stupid Girl\" reached the top ten at Modern Rock - peaking at number 2 in August, and only leaving the top ten in September as \"Garbage\" ascended into the top forty of the \"Billboard\" 200 for the first time. The remixes were rated Hot Dance Break-outs as \"Stupid Girl\" debuted at 46th on the Hot 100. By August, \"Stupid Girl\" continued to chart, debuting at 68th on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart, at 47th on the Top 40 Mainstream chart and at 46th on the Hot Dance/Club Play chart. The success also led the album \"Garbage\" to peak at 20th on the \"Billboard\" 200, double its sales to shifting around 40,000 units each week, and receive a platinum certification by the RIAA for shipping a million units. The remixes album peaked on 30 on the Maxi-Singles Sales chart. In mid-August, \"Stupid Girl\" peaked at 26th on the Hot 100 Airplay chart, and picked up enough mainstream rock airplay to spend two weeks at 39th on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. At the start of September, \"Stupid Girl\" became a crossover hit, having built up at both alternate and contemporary hit radio, where it reached 25th on the Top 40 Mainstream chart. Two weeks later, \"Stupid Girl\" earned Garbage's highest position on the Hot 100 with a number 24; it also peaked at 33rd on the Single Sales chart, and hit 5th on the Club Play chart.", "On July 11, Garbage performed \"Stupid Girl\" on the \"Late Show with David Letterman\", and in October performed the song at the VH1 Fashion Awards \u2013 which earned attention as Manson had a wardrobe malfunction. On August 6, Almo released a 12\" vinyl format commercially featuring \"Driving Lesson\" and remixes of \"Stupid Girl\" produced by Todd Terry, Danny Saber, Rabbit In the Moon and Jason Bentley,  \"Stupid Girl\" first charted on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart dated week ending February 4, 1996, debuting at number 99 and peaking at number 47 on March 24, 1996. The single charted for two non-consecutive weeks on the New Zealand Top 40 \u2013 peaking at number 32 in February. In Iceland, \"Stupid Girl\" debuted at 18th at the start of April, and shot up to 4th in the second week, where it remained for three weeks. In Spain, \"Stupid Girl\" peaked at 40th on the airplay chart. In Ireland, \"Stupid Girl\" peaked at 16th. In France, \"Stupid Girl\" peaked at 38th on the French singles chart, and \"Garbage\" re-charted to peak at number 16 on the album chart. At the start of March, \"Stupid Girl\" debuted at 48th on the UK airplay chart, and the band's debut album re-charted at number 27 on the album chart. Later, \"Stupid Girl\" debuted as the highest new entry on the UK Singles Chart at 4th, which remains the band's highest charting single. On its second week, \"Stupid Girl\" dropped to 10th, as \"Garbage\" broke into the albums top ten for the first time. On the airplay chart, \"Stupid Girl\" peaked at 5th, and spent the entire following month within the top ten. \" Stupid Girl\" clocked up seven weeks in the top 75 and sold 120,000 copies.", "Mushroom Records serviced \"Stupid Girl\" to radio stations in the United Kingdom a month in advance of the release; it was A-listed at Radio One, Virgin and Capital. Mushroom issued \"Stupid Girl\" on March 11 as a 2\u00d7CD single set and limited edition 7\" vinyl packaged in two differing colours of fabric. The song was backed with \"Driving Lesson\", a new version of \"Dog New Tricks\" and a remix of \"Stupid Girl\" produced by Red Snapper on the first disc; \"Alien Sex Fiend\" and two versions of \"Stupid Girl\" remixed by Dreadzone on the second. The vinyl was backed with the mix of \"Dog New Tricks\". The single was supported by Garbage's first ever UK tour, which launched on March 19. During the middle of the live shows, Garbage performed the single on \"Top of the Pops\", and a live showcase performance of \"Stupid Girl\" and \"Only Happy When It Rains\" on \"TFI Friday\". In North America, where \"Only Happy When It Rains\" had been the band's breakthrough single, Almo Sounds planned either \"Stupid Girl\" or a re-release of their debut single \"Vow\" to follow it up. On May 25, Almo serviced \"Stupid Girl\" to alternative radio, simultaneous with Garbage joining The Smashing Pumpkins' North American arena tour as the opening act throughout June and July. The tour was halted after Smashing Pumpkins keyboardist Jonathan Melvoin fatally overdosed \u2013 the Pumpkins resumed without Garbage a month later. Almo re-serviced \"Stupid Girl\" with a remix of the song produced by Todd Terry to Top 40 radio. On July 9, Almo released \"Stupid Girl\" to record stores on CD and cassette single, backed with \"Driving Lesson\" and the Todd Terry version. Almo serviced remixes of the song to clubs.", "Stupid Girl (Garbage song) \"Stupid Girl\" is a song recorded by alternative rock band Garbage for the band's self-titled debut studio album. The song was composed and produced by bandmembers Duke Erikson, Shirley Manson, Steve Marker, and Butch Vig. \"Stupid Girl\" features lyrics about a young woman's ambivalence, and a musical arrangement centered on both a repetitive bassline and a drum sample from The Clash's 1980 hit \"Train in Vain\". The song was released by Almo Sounds in North America and Mushroom Records worldwide as the band's fourth international single in 1996. \"Stupid Girl\" became their biggest hit in United States and the United Kingdom, with its performance on the charts driven by an innovative music video and remixes which gained massive airplay across the world. The success of \"Stupid Girl\" propelled sales of its parent album \"Garbage\" into the top twenty of the \"Billboard\" 200 and into the top ten of the UK Albums Chart. Reviews of the song were positive, with praise to the production. \" Stupid Girl\" was nominated for two Grammy Awards, Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group, as well as the Danish Grammy for Best Rock Song, an MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist and an MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song. \"Stupid Girl\" began as a rough demo around January 1994. It was recorded during informal studio sessions between Duke Erikson, Steve Marker and Butch Vig in Marker's home basement recording studio in Madison, Wisconsin prior to Shirley Manson joining the group. The band had been jamming using an ADAT eight-track, AKAI samplers and a small drum kit. Vig took a loop from the drum introduction from The Clash's \"Train In Vain\" and added further percussion.", "Bayer would later shoot Green Day's 2004 \"Boulevard of Broken Dreams\" video in a similar manner. The \"Stupid Girl\" video was nominated in the Best New Artist in a Video category at the 1996 MTV Video Music Awards, losing to the St\u00e9phane Sednaoui-directed video for Alanis Morissette's \"Ironic\". The \"Stupid Girl\" video was first commercially released on VHS and Video-CD on 1996's \"Garbage Video\", along with \"making of\" out-take footage. A remastered version was later included on Garbage's 2007 greatest hits DVD \"Absolute Garbage\", and made available as a digital download via online music services the same year. The \"Stupid Girl\" video was uploaded to VEVO in 2013. \"Stupid Girl\" received an overwhelmingly positive response from music critics both upon the release of \"Garbage\" and on its eventual single release. \" Select\"s Ian Harrison called the song \"Duran-like\", describing it as \"mighty doomy pop neatly tailored to enhance one's natural discontentment\". \"Vox\" magazine's Craig McLean called it \"malignant, dirty, devious, sneering pop\", while \"Metal Hammer\"'s Pippa Lang compared Manson's \"ever-so-sexy, sibilant\" vocals to Trent Reznor's. \"Kerrang!\" described \"Stupid Girl\" as \"a classy piece of predatory pop perfection that wields an iron punch beneath velvet glove\". The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards, Best Rock Song and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group, but lost to Tracy Chapman's \"Give Me One Reason\" and Dave Matthews Band's \"So Much to Say\", respectively. \" Stupid Girl\" was also up for the Danish Grammy for Best Rock Song, and the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song."], "answer": {"text": "the album's second single \"Suffocate\"", "answer_start": 489}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win award", "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any singles", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\"", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than information about Year of the Spider, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Where once the streams of social minutia on networks such as Facebook and Twitter were the ultimate in online voyeurism, now users are looking for connections, community and shared experiences. Social networks that tap directly into specific activities, hobbies, tastes, and lifestyles are seeing a consistent rise in popularity. Niche social networks such as Fishbrain for fishing and Strava for cycling. These social platforms offer brands a rich space in which to engage with their target market and build awareness. One other use that is being discussed is the use of social networks in the science communities. Julia Porter Liebeskind et al. have published a study on how new biotechnology firms are using social networking sites to share exchanges in scientific knowledge. They state in their study that by sharing information and knowledge with one another, they are able to \"increase both their learning and their flexibility in ways that would not have been possible within a self-contained hierarchical organization\". Social networking is allowing scientific groups to expand their knowledge base and share ideas, and without these new means of communicating their theories might become \"isolated and irrelevant\". Researchers use social networks frequently to maintain and develop professional relationships. They are interested in consolidating social ties and professional contact, keeping in touch with friends and colleagues and seeing what their own contacts are doing. This can be related to their need to keep updated on the activities and events of their friends and colleagues in order to establish collaborations on common fields of interest and knowledge sharing. Social networks are also used to communicate scientists research results and as a public communication tool and to connect people who share the same professional interests, their benefits can vary according to the discipline. The most interesting aspects of social networks for professional purposes are their potentialities in terms of dissemination of information and the ability to reach and multiple professional contacts exponentially.", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge.", "Signed on 25 January 1967, their contract stipulated that the Beatles had the right to make changes to the submitted manuscript.<ref name=\"Lytollis/N&S\"></ref> The London-based publisher Heinemann agreed an advance on the manuscript of \u00a33000, which was divided between the author and Nemperor Holdings, a company of Epstein's. Davies recalled that the advance was \"nothing startling\", and he was surprised at the lack of excitement about the book in the publishing industry. One of the Heinemann directors told him that \"the Beatles bubble would soon burst\", which was a widely held viewpoint at the time. According to Davies, he spent much of the next six months researching the Beatles' story, travelling to Liverpool, Hamburg and New York. He said that information about the group's years on the club circuit in Hamburg in the early 1960s was hard to come by, and the band members were unable to remember much or agree on how many times they went to Hamburg. The lack of archived information, and the faulty memories of John Lennon and McCartney, led to Davies giving the wrong year for the pair's first meeting, which took place at a Woolton church fete in July 1957. Davies said that one of the most interesting aspects of his research was meeting the Beatles' parents, who, as a result of the band's fame since 1963, \"had been uprooted from their homes, from their cultural and social roots, and didn't quite know what had happened to their sons, or themselves\". He also interviewed the Beatles' school friends and teachers, as well as associates from their musical career."], "answer": {"text": "Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song.", "answer_start": 464}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win award", "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any singles", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\"", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that the only single", "answer": {"text": "the album's second single \"Suffocate\"", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#5", "question": "Did they make the video", "rewrite": "Did Year of the Spider make the video for \"Suffocate\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Trash lags behind on her own and gets surrounded and attacked by zombies, dying the way she described earlier as the worst way to die. Tina, Spider, and Scuz make their way to the mortuary, while Chuck and Casey head back to the warehouse. At the mortuary, Frank and Freddy have grown increasingly ill from their exposure to the gas. When paramedics arrive, they find that despite their conscious appearance the men show no vital signs. Tina, Spider, and Scuz join the group while the paramedics step outside to retrieve stretchers from their ambulance. Both of the paramedics are ambushed and their brains devoured by zombies, while the group inside the mortuary barricade themselves inside. Scuz is killed protecting the barricade, though his zombie assailant is captured and interrogated. She explains that eating brains staves off the pain they feel from of being dead. The zombies continue to eat the brains of the paramedics and police in the area, including reinforcements the zombies themselves called for over the vehicle radios. With Frank and Freddy showing signs of becoming zombies themselves, Burt has them locked in the chapel, with Tina choosing to stay with Freddy. Meanwhile, a police helicopter witnesses a large-scale attack by the zombies. This finally makes the chaos known to the police at large, who mount a massive blockade at the perimeter of the district to contain the violence. Freddy succumbs to his infection and attacks Tina, but is fought off. Frank escapes quietly and makes his way to the crematorium, where he incinerates himself. The survivors decide that they must attempt to escape the mortuary. Burt and Spider make their way through the horde to a police car outside. Unable to retrieve Ernie and Tina, they are forced to retreat to the warehouse.", "The Spider-Slayer Mark XI was later rebuilt by Alistair Smythe, who used it as a soldier in his Spider-Slayer army, which Spider-Man destroyed. The Mark XI, along with being able to fly, was capable of shooting bolts of electricity from its mouth. It also had several retractable, bladed tentacles on its back. A large, imposing humanoid Spider-Slayer that almost resembles Iron Man , Mark XII attacked Spider-Man while he was in the middle of a battle with Electro. After a long fight, Spider-Man managed to destroy the Spider-Slayer by trapping it in a building that was set to be demolished. The building subsequently collapsed before the Mark XII could escape. The Mark XII was rebuilt by Alistair to be used in his Spider-Slayer army, only to be destroyed by Spider-Man again. Mark XII was capable of flight and possessed super-strength, and could also fire lasers from its head and arm, which was a laser-cannon. A biological-looking robot created by Alistair's assistant Max Young, the Mark XIII was a remake of one of Mendel Stromm's old Amoeboid robot and attacked Spider-Man while he and the Black Cat were battling the Scorpion. The Mark XIII ensnared Spider-Man in its tentacles and began to suffocate him. It was only when the Scorpion accidentally impaled the Slayer with his electrically charged stinger that it was destroyed. The feedback from his attack left the Scorpion unconscious as well. The Mark XIII was later rebuilt by Alistair as a member of his Spider-Slayer army, which was taken down by Spider-Man. The Mark XIII was capable of stretching its body to extreme lengths and could also entrap enemies within itself, suffocating them. Its body was also extremely malleable, allowing it to twist and warp its shape.", "Suffocate Me Suffocate Me is an extended play released in 1993 by Scottish band Angelfish. While not charting on any mainstream \"Billboard\" charts, \"Suffocate Me\" was received well on college radio, and was followed up in 1994 by the release of Angelfish's self-titled debut album. The music video for \"Suffocate Me\" famously aired once by MTV during \"120 Minutes\", where it was seen by Garbage co-founder Steve Marker. Shirley Manson was asked to join Garbage, and accepted. Both \"Suffocate Me\" and \"You Can Love Her\" would appear on the band's debut album, \"Angelfish\", released the following year, while \"Trash It\" would be re-recorded and released as \"Superman\" on the B-side of Goodbye Mr Mackenzie's final single \"The Way I Walk\". The \"Suffocate Me\" music video was directed by Cameron Casey and premiered in the US on August 6, 1993.", "The function of aposematism is to prevent attack, by warning potential predators that the prey animal has defences such as being unpalatable or poisonous. The easily detected warning is a primary defence mechanism, and the non-visible defences are secondary. Aposematic signals are primarily visual, using bright colours and high-contrast patterns such as stripes. Warning signals are honest indications of noxious prey, because conspicuousness evolves in tandem with noxiousness. Thus, the brighter and more conspicuous the organism, the more toxic it usually is. This is in contrast to deimatic displays, which attempt to startle a predator with a threatening appearance but which are bluffing, unsupported by any strong defences. The most common and effective colours are red, yellow, black and white. These colours provide strong contrast with green foliage, resist changes in shadow and lighting, are highly chromatic, and provide distance dependent camouflage. Some forms of warning coloration provide this distance dependent camouflage by having an effective pattern and colour combination that do not allow for easy detection by a predator from a distance, but are warning-like from a close proximity, allowing for an advantageous balance between camouflage and aposematism. Warning coloration evolves in response to background, light conditions, and predator vision. Visible signals may be accompanied by odours, sounds or behaviour to provide a multi-modal signal which is more effectively detected by predators. Unpalatability, broadly understood, can be created in a variety of ways. Some insects such as the ladybird or tiger moth contain bitter-tasting chemicals, while the skunk produces a noxious odour, and the poison glands of the poison dart frog, the sting of a velvet ant or neurotoxin in a black widow spider make them dangerous or painful to attack.", "Suffocate (King Adora song) \"Suffocate\" is the fourth single by British glam rock band King Adora. The single was released on 19 February 2001 on Superior Quality Recordings and reached number 39 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's first Top 40 single. The song would be included as the closing track on the band's debut album, \"Vibrate You\" and frequently closed their live shows. \"Suffocate\" was written on a bunk bed in Sawmills Studios in Cornwall by Matt Browne and Martyn Nelson during recording sessions for their debut album \" Vibrate You\" in late 2000. Nelson revealed it was \"a special moment\" when Browne played the chords and Nelson came up with the song's opening riff. They quickly agreed that Suffocate would be \"a good song\". \"Suffocate\" was produced and mixed by John Cornfield. Like other songs recorded for \"Vibrate You\", \"Suffocate\" contains programmed drum loops which made up a backing track for the recording and live performances. Browne called \"Suffocate\" \"an anti-love song, destruction of something beautiful\". He was inspired to write the song's lyrics after returning from a tour to find his then-girlfriend had died. Browne never had the chance to say he was sorry before her passing and the song became a way of conveying his emotions. On the band's 2012 \"Who Do You Love? | The King Adora Story\" documentary he revealed that \"things weren't well at all, most of it my fault, because I was too much caught up in the lifestyle of being on the road and ignoring what's real\". Three b-sides were released on the single, \"Aceface\", \"Into Space\" and \"Drink Don't Think\"."], "answer": {"text": "However, a music video was not made due to Geffen not giving approval.", "answer_start": 602}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win award", "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any singles", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\"", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that the only single", "answer": {"text": "the album's second single \"Suffocate\"", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song.", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#6", "question": "Why didn't Geffen approve", "rewrite": "Why didn't Geffen approve a music video for \"Suffocate\"", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Suffocate Me Suffocate Me is an extended play released in 1993 by Scottish band Angelfish. While not charting on any mainstream \"Billboard\" charts, \"Suffocate Me\" was received well on college radio, and was followed up in 1994 by the release of Angelfish's self-titled debut album. The music video for \"Suffocate Me\" famously aired once by MTV during \"120 Minutes\", where it was seen by Garbage co-founder Steve Marker. Shirley Manson was asked to join Garbage, and accepted. Both \"Suffocate Me\" and \"You Can Love Her\" would appear on the band's debut album, \"Angelfish\", released the following year, while \"Trash It\" would be re-recorded and released as \"Superman\" on the B-side of Goodbye Mr Mackenzie's final single \"The Way I Walk\". The \"Suffocate Me\" music video was directed by Cameron Casey and premiered in the US on August 6, 1993.", "Lem Winchester with Feeling Lem Winchester with Feeling is an album by vibraphonist Lem Winchester which was recorded in 1960 and released on the Moodsville label the following year. Scott Yanow of Allmusic states, \"Vibraphonist Lem Winchester's final recording was made just three months before his accidental death, which occurred when he was demonstrating a gun trick. Although originally recorded for the Prestige subsidiary Moodsville (a series that emphasized slow, melodic ballads), there is a fair amount of variety on Winchester's last effort. ... Winchester mixes medium-tempo performances with slower numbers and shows that his style was growing away from his original Milt Jackson influence\". All About Jazz called it \"an enjoyable session\" noting \"Ballads and relaxed tempos prevail, and Winchester is consisently laid back.\".", "With the success of 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage, Geffen financed their third major album titled Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003. The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts, with over 101,000 copies of the album sold in its first week of release. [2] The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\" has been the only Cold single to crack the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 87. Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song. However, a music video was not made due to Geffen not giving approval. The stalemate with the label led to frustrations within the band, and in early 2004 Terry Balsamo departed, replacing Ben Moody in Evanescence. Balsamo was later replaced by ex-Darwin's Waiting Room guitarist Eddie Randini. In 2004, guitarist Kelly Hayes quit the band as well. A week later, Hayes officially confirmed his position as the guitarist in the Jacksonville hard rock outfit Allele, a move that had been in the works from the time Terry Balsamo left the band. The band made efforts to release another single, \"Wasted Years\" from Year of the Spider. However, Geffen continued to not support the album any further. Subsequently, in mid-2004 the band asked to be released from the Geffen label.", "Another Opus Another Opus is an album by vibraphonist Lem Winchester which was recorded in 1960 and released on the New Jazz label. Scott Yanow of Allmusic called it: \"one of Lem Winchester's definitive sets\". All compositions by Lem Winchester except where noted", "Lem Winchester and the Ramsey Lewis Trio Lem Winchester and the Ramsey Lewis Trio (subtitled Perform a Tribute to Clifford Brown) is the debut album by American jazz vibraphonist Lem Winchester and the third album by Ramsey Lewis' Trio featuring tracks associated with trumpeter Clifford Brown recorded in 1958 and released on the Argo label. Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars stating \"A good example of Ramsey Lewis' original piano style, the little-known set is actually excellent and would be easily recommended to straight-ahead jazz fans if it could be found\". \"All compositions by Clifford Brown except as indicated\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win award", "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any singles", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\"", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that the only single", "answer": {"text": "the album's second single \"Suffocate\"", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song.", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make the video", "answer": {"text": "However, a music video was not made due to Geffen not giving approval.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#7", "question": "Was there anything else you found interesting in article", "rewrite": "Was there anything else you found interesting in the article other than Geffen not giving approval for the music video?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Jeremy Geffen Jeremy Nathaniel Geffen (December 29, 1972 August 22, 2018) was an American entrepreneur, third generation entertainment executive, and the president and CEO of Creative Rights Group, which he founded in 2014 in Los Angeles. He was also the founder and president of Geffen Management Group, which manages music artists, actors, and celebrity estates. Geffen was born in New York City on December 29, 1972, the son of Jo-Ann Geffen, a music executive, publicist and manager of the Commodores during the group's earlier days. Geffen attended Ojai Valley School in Ojai, California, and graduated from Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, California, in 1991. He had a bachelor's degree in Business from the University of Southern California. While in college, studying to become an investment banker, Geffen took a summer job in the mail room at the William Morris Agency. That convinced him he wanted to be in the entertainment business. Later, he was with the Wright Entertainment Group, where he worked with musicians including Justin Timberlake and Britney Spears. Geffen later became a talent manager for Lindsay Scott Management, well known for managing Janet Jackson and Cher. He worked with Metta World Peace (Ron Artest), Christina Milian, Sean Combs, Sisq\u00f3, and Dru Hill. Geffen eventually founded Jeremy Geffen Entertainment, where he managed artists including Robin Gibb, Smokey Robinson, Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, and the rap group, D12. Geffen sold Jeremy Geffen Entertainment to Sanctuary Management. After leaving Sanctuary Management, Geffen presided over Geffen Management Group, representing talent including Smokey Robinson and Jacob Latimore. Geffen was the President and CEO of the Creative Rights Group, a company he founded in 2014 to monetize copyrights and assets on behalf of performing artists.", "With the success of 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage, Geffen financed their third major album titled Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003. The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts, with over 101,000 copies of the album sold in its first week of release. [2] The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\" has been the only Cold single to crack the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 87. Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song. However, a music video was not made due to Geffen not giving approval. The stalemate with the label led to frustrations within the band, and in early 2004 Terry Balsamo departed, replacing Ben Moody in Evanescence. Balsamo was later replaced by ex-Darwin's Waiting Room guitarist Eddie Randini. In 2004, guitarist Kelly Hayes quit the band as well. A week later, Hayes officially confirmed his position as the guitarist in the Jacksonville hard rock outfit Allele, a move that had been in the works from the time Terry Balsamo left the band. The band made efforts to release another single, \"Wasted Years\" from Year of the Spider. However, Geffen continued to not support the album any further. Subsequently, in mid-2004 the band asked to be released from the Geffen label.", "Four Chords That Made A Million doesn't have any relation to anything else on the album, or anything else I've ever written. It's just that.\" The tracks \"Four Chords That Made a Million\", \" Where We Would Be\" and \"Russia on Ice\" were premiered during the \"Stupid Dream\" tour in 1999, several months before Lightbulb Sun's release. The track \"Last Chance to Evacuate Planet Earth Before It Is Recycled\" features a speech by the leader of the Heaven's Gate religious cult. This U.S. cult believed that they were from another planet and only visiting Earth. In order to return to their own \"dimension\" before Earth was \"recycled\", such extraterrestrial entities must find each other and commit mass suicide. The words are taken from the video they made before killing themselves to explain to the rest of the world why they had done it. The track \"The Rest Will Flow\" is slower on the remaster, due to having been sped up from its originally recorded speed in the original master in order to make it more \"radio-friendly\". It originally was in danger of being left off the album altogether, as some band members questioned if it fit in with the rest of the album, but Wilson ultimately kept it on, arguing that it had \"single potential\". The song was in fact intended to be the album's third single, scheduled for October 2000 release, but it was cancelled for undisclosed reasons. The song \"Feel So Low \" was re-recorded in 2004 by Blackfield, which is a project that consists of Porcupine Tree's Steven Wilson and Israeli singer/songwriter Aviv Geffen. The first verse of that version was sung in Hebrew by Geffen. This version only made it to the vinyl edition of the first Blackfield album.", "The video blends animation with various scenes of the band members in a bar, an exotic dancer, Cameron riding a motorcycle, Shepherd being arrested, a tattoo parlor, and Cornell in a bedroom. In the original version of the video, Cornell is shown killing a woman. The video was released in May 1996. Cornell said of the music video, It's unlike anything else we've ever done ... In fact, I think it's unlike anything else anyone has ever done. Working with someone like Frank was really interesting because his approach was so fresh\u2014he didn't know the rules that he's supposed to play under. He made the video what it is. It's really interesting and colorful. It's the kind of video that's still fun to look at after you've seen it a few times. That was very important to us. At this point in our lives, part of the challenge is to try new things, not to fall into the pattern of playing it safe. We did that on the video, and we did that on the album too. MTV refused to show the full video, as it ends with an apparent murder. MuchMusic was given a revised version for its channel. Kozik said that the video was censored because it was \"too heavy\" for the \"dipshits at MTV\". He added, \"They got a dead girl in that lame Stabbing Westward video so I don't understand their problem. \" An alternative international version of the music video for \"Pretty Noose\" was released. This version was directed by Henry Shepherd (bass guitarist Ben Shepherd's brother), who had previously co-directed the \"My Wave\" music video for the band. The video simply features the band performing the song live in a studio."], "answer": {"text": "In 2004, guitarist Kelly Hayes quit the band as well.", "answer_start": 897}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win award", "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any singles", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\"", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that the only single", "answer": {"text": "the album's second single \"Suffocate\"", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song.", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make the video", "answer": {"text": "However, a music video was not made due to Geffen not giving approval.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why didn't Geffen approve", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8c23a72c30f44d088e1272dd0653c1a2_0_q#8", "question": "Why did Kelly Hayes quit the band", "rewrite": "Why did Kelly Hayes quit from the Cold band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Terry Balsamo Terry Philip Balsamo II (born October 8, 1972) is an American guitarist. He is the former guitarist of alternative metal band Cold and former guitarist for Evanescence. Balsamo is noted for his onstage expression of his fondness for Michael Myers of the \"Halloween\" film franchise. After a quick run with the early line-up of Limp Bizkit in 1995, Terry joined up with fellow Jacksonville rockers Scooter Ward, Sam McCandless, Jeremy Marshall and Kelly Hayes, of the band Cold in 1999. Terry remained with Cold writing and recording with them for their albums \"13 Ways to Bleed on Stage\" (2000) and \"Year of the Spider\" (2003). Terry also appeared alongside Staind, in Staind's MTV Unplugged performance in 2001. Near the end of his stint with Cold, the band joined Evanescence as an opening act on the 2003 Nintendo Fusion Tour. Balsamo briefly re-joined Cold for their early 2009 reunion tour. According to a post on Cold's Facebook page on July 8, 2016, Terry has returned to the band, and they will begin recording their next album in August 2016. When Evanescence's guitarist Ben Moody left the band during their European tour, Balsamo filled in for Moody on stage. When Cold's future suddenly came into question, Balsamo jumped ship, signing on for good with Evanescence. He has also become a songwriter with lead singer and songwriter of Evanescence, Amy Lee. Balsamo can be seen and heard most prominently in Evanescence's live album, \"Anywhere but Home\" (2004) and on the band's studio album \"The Open Door\" (2006). He has become Amy Lee's main collaborator for Evanescence and co-wrote most of Evanescence's 2nd album", "Cold, who at the time were called Grundig, formed in 1986 with the line-up of Scooter Ward (vocals, guitar), Sam McCandless (drums), Jeremy Marshall (bass) and Matt Loughran (guitar) at Fletcher High School in Neptune Beach, Florida. The band played their first gig in 1990 at a club called the Spray. In 1992, the band released an 8-song EP called \"Into Everything\" Initially based in Jacksonville, they moved to Atlanta hoping to get a break in the industry. During this time, Matt Loughran left the band and was replaced by Sean Lay, who also left the group. Kelly Hayes then joined the band, and they all later returned to Florida. Three and a half years later in 1995, Grundig broke up and Ward moved back to Jacksonville, where he, McCandless, Kelly Hayes, and Pat Lally formed the band Diablo. Diablo would only last about 3 months. At the end of that three-month period, Grundig reformed under the name Cold in 1996. Following Cold's progress in the Jacksonville scene was local Fred Durst. Impressed by what he had heard, he invited Ward to record two acoustic tracks, \"Check Please\" and \"Ugly.\" The two demos were passed on to producer Ross Robinson, who was also impressed by what he had heard, leading the recently renamed Cold to record their debut album titled Cold, which was released in 1998. The record was a minor success under A&M Records - now an imprint label under Interscope Records. That same year, the band released the Oddity EP. Its cover photo, taken by the wife of McCandless, depicts their pet tarantula named Wednesday, crawling on the face of her doll.", "Scooter Ward Scooter Ward (born Ronald Ward Jr. on May 7, 1970) is an American musician, founding member and lead singer of the Jacksonville, Florida hard rock band, Cold. He has also performed occasional guitar duties both in the studio and live. Before joining Cold he formed and named the band Grundig in 1986. Ward has been ranked in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by \"Hit Parader\" (number 61). In 1986, Ward formed the band Grundig along with several other students; Sam McCandless, Jeremy Marshall, and Matt Loughran at Fletcher High School in Neptune Beach, Florida. The band played their first gig in 1990 at a club called the Spray. In 1992, the band released an 8-song EP called \"Into Everything\" and moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Three and a half years later in 1995, Grundig broke up and Ward moved back to Jacksonville, where he, McCandless, Kelly Hayes, and Pat Lally formed the band Diablo. Diablo would only last about 3 months. At the end of that three-month period, Grundig reformed under the name Cold and signed a 6-album record deal with A&M Records. Ward would remain in Cold until February 2006 when, after several line-up changes and battles with record labels, the band decided to break up. Scooter Ward and McCandless promptly began working on their new project The Witch, which McCandless has since left. The project has been renamed twice, When November Falls and now The Killer and the Star. The debut album was released in July 2009. In early 2009, Cold reformed for a reunion tour. Their album SuperFiction, was released on July 19, 2011. Their latest album The Things We Can't Stop was released on September 13, 2019, after Cold went through some line up changes.", "With the success of 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage, Geffen financed their third major album titled Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003. The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts, with over 101,000 copies of the album sold in its first week of release. [2] The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\" has been the only Cold single to crack the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at No. 87. Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song. However, a music video was not made due to Geffen not giving approval. The stalemate with the label led to frustrations within the band, and in early 2004 Terry Balsamo departed, replacing Ben Moody in Evanescence. Balsamo was later replaced by ex-Darwin's Waiting Room guitarist Eddie Randini. In 2004, guitarist Kelly Hayes quit the band as well. A week later, Hayes officially confirmed his position as the guitarist in the Jacksonville hard rock outfit Allele, a move that had been in the works from the time Terry Balsamo left the band. The band made efforts to release another single, \"Wasted Years\" from Year of the Spider. However, Geffen continued to not support the album any further. Subsequently, in mid-2004 the band asked to be released from the Geffen label.", "Kelly Hayes Kelly Hayes may refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "later, Hayes officially confirmed his position as the guitarist in the Jacksonville hard rock outfit Allele, a move that had", "answer_start": 958}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Year of the Spider released?", "answer": {"text": "Year of the Spider, which was released in 2003.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win award", "answer": {"text": "The album has been to date the band's most commercially successful album, debuting at No. 3 on the Billboard Album charts,", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any singles", "answer": {"text": "The album's first single, \"Stupid Girl,\"", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that the only single", "answer": {"text": "the album's second single \"Suffocate\"", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Following the release of the album's second single \"Suffocate\" to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song.", "answer_start": 464, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make the video", "answer": {"text": "However, a music video was not made due to Geffen not giving approval.", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why didn't Geffen approve", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anything else you found interesting in article", "answer": {"text": "In 2004, guitarist Kelly Hayes quit the band as well.", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23f6bd5813af48798a77cf2b694782bf_0_q#0", "question": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "rewrite": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["My Man (Tamar Braxton song) \"My Man\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was released as the lead single from the record on April 27, 2017, through eOne Entertainment and Braxton's independent record label Tamartian Land Records. \"My Man\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. A R&B and soul ballad and torch song, its lyrics are about infidelity and its negative impact on a relationship. Braxton wrote the song about her parents' marriage and their relationship following their divorce, and used her mother's perspective as inspiration. Critics responded positively to \"My Man\", praising Braxton's vocals and the lyrics. The single peaked at number three and twenty-one on \"Billboard\" Adult R&B Songs and Hot R&B Songs component charts, respectively. It was prominently featured on an episode of the reality television series \"Braxton Family Values\". To promote \"My Man\", Braxton performed it during the BET Awards 2017; she received primarily positive feedback from media outlets for her vocals and dramatic stage presence. Some commentators, however, believed Braxton was lip syncing. An accompanying video, released on June 25, 2017, features Braxton confronting her lover and his mistress in a hotel room. \"My Man\" was released as the lead single from Tamar Braxton's fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was the first song from Braxton's independent record label, Tamartian Land Records, which was created with the support of eOne Entertainment. She described the single and overall album as \"the first time you see an X-ray vision of Tamar and everything I've been through\".", "Vincent Herbert Vincent Herbert (born January 27, 1973) is an American songwriter, record producer, record executive, and founder of Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. He also attended Cambridge Christian School for grades 8\u201312. He has worked with artists such as Aaliyah, Tatyana Ali, Toni Braxton, Destinee & Paris, Destiny's Child, Dream, Hi-Five, JoJo, Mindless Behavior, OMG Girlz, Mishon Ratliff as well as Lady Gaga and his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton. Among other work, Herbert co-starred with his ex-wife in their WE tv reality series \"Tamar & Vince\" , a spinoff of her family's reality show Braxton Family Values, which premiered on the network on September 20, 2012. Herbert also managed his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton's career, and served as an executive producer on her second studio album \"Love and War\" which was released on his record label Streamline Records coincide with its parent label Interscope Records and Epic Records (all jointly signed Tamar as an artist to each label). His nickname through the years has stayed the same, vinnyherb. Herbert married singer Tamar Braxton, in 2008. The couple's son Logan Vincent Herbert was born in 2013. In October 2017, Braxton filed for divorce from Herbert, citing \"irreconcilable differences\" and is seeking joint custody of their son. Herbert and Braxton starred in the reality TV show \"Tamar & Vince\". \"Who Is Tamar Braxton's Husband\" \"Happy Father's Day to the love of my life, my best friend, my husband Vincent Herbert! Our son Logan...\"", "Hot Sugar (Tamar Braxton song) \"Hot Sugar\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton. It was released on October 17, 2013 as the fourth single from her second studio album, \"Love and War\" (2013). American producer Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II wrote \"Hot Sugar\" in collaboration with Braxton and songwriters LaShawn Daniels and Mandakeba Riddick. Media outlets had varying opinions on the song's genre, with commentators associating it with club music, dance music, or funk. The lyrics revolve around maintaining a relationship with a partner. Critical response to \"Hot Sugar\" was mixed; some critics praised its sound while others negatively compared it to the album's ballads. It peaked within the top 50 on \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Digital Songs charts, as well as within the top 20 on the Hot R&B Songs chart. In the accompanying music video, Braxton performs in a Instagram-like social media platform (\"Tamartiangram\"). Critical response to the visual was mixed, and it received comparisons to videos by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. Braxton responded that the directors Steve Gomillion and Dennis Leupold abandoned the project, forcing her to hire a new team of editors to complete it. She has performed the song live on various occasions following its release. Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II produced \"Hot Sugar\", and wrote it alongside Tamar Braxton, Makeba Riddick, and LaShawn Daniels. Mike Donaldson recorded and mixed the music. \" Hot Sugar\" was released as a single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). In an interview with \"Essence\", Braxton said that she originally pushed for the song to be the lead single from the album.", "The One (Tamar Braxton song) \"The One\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). The song was released on May 7, 2013, as the second single from the album. Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the track. It is an uptempo song with lyrics about Braxton's love for her partner. \" The One\" samples Mtume's 1983 single \"Juicy Fruit\", previously used in The Notorious B.I.G.'s 1994 track \"Juicy\". Critical response to \"The One\" was positive, with some critics praising it for its associations with the summer. The single appeared on several \"Billboard\" component charts. Gil Green directed the single's music video, which features Braxton and her boyfriend on a date at the Santa Monica Pier. Commentators responded positively to the video. Braxton further promoted \"The One\" through live performances. Tamar Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the song, and worked on the backing vocals. Mike Donaldson mixed and recorded the track. The song was released on May 7, 2013 through Epic and Streamline, as the second single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). It was made available as a CD single and a digital download.", "Let Me Know (Tamar Braxton song) \"Let Me Know\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton, featuring collaborative vocals by American rapper Future. Epic and Streamline Records released it as a digital download on October 7, 2014. Initially promoted as the lead single from Braxton's fourth studio album \"Calling All Lovers\", it was replaced by her 2015 release \"If I Don't Have You\" and was only included on the record's Walmart deluxe edition. Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter wrote \"Let Me Know\", while Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack produced the song. It is a R&B ballad, with lyrics revolving around the need for communication within a relationship. It samples the chorus of American singer Aaliyah's 1994 cover of The Isley Brothers' single \" (At Your Best) You Are Love\" (1976). Critical response to \"Let Me Know\" was positive; several critics praised Braxton's vocals, specifically her whistle register. It peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles \"Billboard\" chart; the single also appeared on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Airplay \"Billboard\" charts. Braxton directed the song's music video, which featured her in various outfits. It received positive feedback from critics. \"Let Me Know\" was written by Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Tamar Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter, while it was produced by Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack. Mack was also the track's engineer, with Jaycen Joshua handling mixing and Gene Grimaldi serving as the mastering engineer. Ryan Kaul and Maddoxx Chhim provided additional support as assistant engineers."], "answer": {"text": "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\"", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_23f6bd5813af48798a77cf2b694782bf_0_q#1", "question": "How did that song do?", "rewrite": "How did \"For the Rest of My Life\" song do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Busted Heart (Hold On to Me) \"Busted Heart (Hold On to Me)\" is a song by Christian alternative rock duo For King & Country. It was released on 20 September 2011 off their EP \"\" and was the first single off their debut album \"Crave\". The song reached No. 3 on the Christian Songs chart. The duo described the song as \"really a universal cry of humanity for something greater than ourselves... [People think they've] got it all sorted out, and life will deal you those blows. This song is that cry saying, 'God, Father, hold onto me, don't let me lose my way.' \" They said the song was inspired by Matthew 11:29-30, which says, \"Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.\" Luke Smallbone said, \"When we were writing this song, that Matthew 11 passage came to mind. When we go through life it's so hectic and get beaten down and we go through so many trials. The truth is that we have a Father who is waiting to hold onto us. He's someone we can rest in and He gives us that perfect peace. That's what I love about the song, the verses are talking about real life. The chorus is just crying out to God. There comes those defining moments in each of our lives where we so severely need someone to hold on to us. It seems we are all, in different ways, shapes and forms, busted to some degree. This song is an honest confession: I can\u2019t do this thing called life on my own. I need something, or more specifically, someone greater than myself to hold on to me.\"", "What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life? \"What Are You Doing the Rest of Your Life?\" is a song with lyrics written by Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman and original music written by Michel Legrand for the 1969 film \"The Happy Ending\", in which Michael Dees sings it. The song was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song but lost out to \"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head\". Legrand won the 1972 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying a Vocalist for a version performed by Sarah Vaughan. More than thirty years later, Billy Childs, Gil Goldstein, and Heitor Pereira won the 2006 Grammy Award for the same category for a version performed by Chris Botti and Sting. Apart from the award-winning versions, the song has been covered by many artists, notably versions by Diana Ross and by Barbra Streisand issued by Columbia Records in 1973 as the B-side of her hit \"The Way We Were\". This song made a comeback in 2006 with a version by British songstress Dusty Springfield when it was featured in commercials for the Journey Diamond collection. There is also a song called \"What Are You Doin' the Rest of Your Life? \" in the 1944 film \"Hollywood Canteen\", performed by Jack Carson and Jane Wyman with the Jimmy Dorsey Orchestra.", "For the Rest of My Life \"For the Rest of My Life\" (also known as \"4 the Rest of My Life\") is a song by American R&B singer Robin Thicke from his sixth studio album \"Blurred Lines\" (2013). Written and produced by Thicke and ProJay, the song was serviced to urban adult contemporary radio as the second single from \"Blurred Lines\" on May 21, 2013. The official remix is a duet with R&B singer Tamar Braxton and is called \"For the Rest of My Life, Pt. 2\". It premiered on the Atlanta urban contemporary radio station WVEE on February 12, 2014. The remix was released as a digital single on February 25, 2014. \"For the Rest of My Life\" impacted urban adult contemporary radio in the United States on May 21, 2013 as the second single from \"Blurred Lines\". \" Billboard\" described the song as having a \"more familiar R&B vibe\" appealing to Thicke's core fan base, following the release of the international hit \"Blurred Lines\". It was later released digitally to the iTunes Store on June 4, 2013. \"For the Rest of My Life\" became Thicke's fourth number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" Adult R&B Songs chart.", "The Rest of My Life (Prince song) \"The Rest of My Life\" is a song recorded by American musician Prince. It was released as the first promotional single from his twenty-second studio album \"\" (1999). It was issued in 1999 as a CD single, exclusively in Japan. Prince solely wrote and produced it, while a series of individuals provided various instrumentation for the track. Originally recorded in April 1992, the song remained unreleased for seven years until the announcement of \"The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale\". The Japanese CD single was released by Warner Bros. Records and included the album version of the single, plus the lead single from the album, \"Extraordinary\". In July 1999, Prince announced the upcoming release of \"\", a collection of previously unreleased material from his partnership with Warner Bros. Records. The material created was recorded throughout 1985 and 1994, and was promoted by the release of one single, \"Extraordinary\", on August 10, 1999. \"The Rest of My Life\" was written during recording sessions for the \"Love Symbol Album\" (1992). A CD single of \"The Rest of My Life\" was released exclusively in Japan, to further promote \"The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale\". The CD solely included the album version of the track and lead single \"Extraordinary\", but was not made available for purchase as it was a promotional CD. Credits adapted from \"The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale\" liner notes", "The Rest of Our Life (song) \"The Rest of Our Life\" is a song performed by American country music artists Tim McGraw and Faith Hill. The song was written by Steve Mac, Johnny McDaid, Ed Sheeran and Amy Wadge. The song is the title track of McGraw and Hill's duets album \" The Rest of Our Life\", and it was written by Ed Sheeran together with Amy Wadge, Johnny McDaid and Steve Mac. According to Faith Hill, the song reminded her of the day when she and Tim McGraw decided to get married after meeting McGraw on his Spontaneous Combustion tour in 1996, when she first heard the song, and said that \"there was a comfort and a security about that moment that resonates in this song.\" McGraw concurred and said: \"It's got such an intimacy to the song, and I think that's what really attracted us as well.\" The song was first released on October 5, 2017, prior to release of the album on November 17 as the second single of the album. When the song was released in October 2017, the song sold 18,000 copies in its first week, allowing the song to debut on the Hot Country Songs chart at No. 25. It debuted on Country Airplay the previous week at No. 51 on the chart date of October 21, 2017. The song has sold 143,000 copies in the United States as of March 2018. McGraw and Hill, as well as the writers of the song, were sued by Sean Carey and Beau Golden on allegations that it is a \"blatant copying\" of their song \" When I Found You\" recorded and co-written by Australian artist Jasmine Rae. The lawsuit asks for an injunction, at least $5 million in damages, royalties and attorney fees."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23f6bd5813af48798a77cf2b694782bf_0_q#2", "question": "What is Calling All Lovers?", "rewrite": "What is Calling All Lovers by Tamar Braxton?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hot Sugar (Tamar Braxton song) \"Hot Sugar\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton. It was released on October 17, 2013 as the fourth single from her second studio album, \"Love and War\" (2013). American producer Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II wrote \"Hot Sugar\" in collaboration with Braxton and songwriters LaShawn Daniels and Mandakeba Riddick. Media outlets had varying opinions on the song's genre, with commentators associating it with club music, dance music, or funk. The lyrics revolve around maintaining a relationship with a partner. Critical response to \"Hot Sugar\" was mixed; some critics praised its sound while others negatively compared it to the album's ballads. It peaked within the top 50 on \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Digital Songs charts, as well as within the top 20 on the Hot R&B Songs chart. In the accompanying music video, Braxton performs in a Instagram-like social media platform (\"Tamartiangram\"). Critical response to the visual was mixed, and it received comparisons to videos by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. Braxton responded that the directors Steve Gomillion and Dennis Leupold abandoned the project, forcing her to hire a new team of editors to complete it. She has performed the song live on various occasions following its release. Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II produced \"Hot Sugar\", and wrote it alongside Tamar Braxton, Makeba Riddick, and LaShawn Daniels. Mike Donaldson recorded and mixed the music. \" Hot Sugar\" was released as a single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). In an interview with \"Essence\", Braxton said that she originally pushed for the song to be the lead single from the album.", "Let Me Know (Tamar Braxton song) \"Let Me Know\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton, featuring collaborative vocals by American rapper Future. Epic and Streamline Records released it as a digital download on October 7, 2014. Initially promoted as the lead single from Braxton's fourth studio album \"Calling All Lovers\", it was replaced by her 2015 release \"If I Don't Have You\" and was only included on the record's Walmart deluxe edition. Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter wrote \"Let Me Know\", while Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack produced the song. It is a R&B ballad, with lyrics revolving around the need for communication within a relationship. It samples the chorus of American singer Aaliyah's 1994 cover of The Isley Brothers' single \" (At Your Best) You Are Love\" (1976). Critical response to \"Let Me Know\" was positive; several critics praised Braxton's vocals, specifically her whistle register. It peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles \"Billboard\" chart; the single also appeared on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Airplay \"Billboard\" charts. Braxton directed the song's music video, which featured her in various outfits. It received positive feedback from critics. \"Let Me Know\" was written by Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Tamar Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter, while it was produced by Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack. Mack was also the track's engineer, with Jaycen Joshua handling mixing and Gene Grimaldi serving as the mastering engineer. Ryan Kaul and Maddoxx Chhim provided additional support as assistant engineers.", "Vincent Herbert Vincent Herbert (born January 27, 1973) is an American songwriter, record producer, record executive, and founder of Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. He also attended Cambridge Christian School for grades 8\u201312. He has worked with artists such as Aaliyah, Tatyana Ali, Toni Braxton, Destinee & Paris, Destiny's Child, Dream, Hi-Five, JoJo, Mindless Behavior, OMG Girlz, Mishon Ratliff as well as Lady Gaga and his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton. Among other work, Herbert co-starred with his ex-wife in their WE tv reality series \"Tamar & Vince\" , a spinoff of her family's reality show Braxton Family Values, which premiered on the network on September 20, 2012. Herbert also managed his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton's career, and served as an executive producer on her second studio album \"Love and War\" which was released on his record label Streamline Records coincide with its parent label Interscope Records and Epic Records (all jointly signed Tamar as an artist to each label). His nickname through the years has stayed the same, vinnyherb. Herbert married singer Tamar Braxton, in 2008. The couple's son Logan Vincent Herbert was born in 2013. In October 2017, Braxton filed for divorce from Herbert, citing \"irreconcilable differences\" and is seeking joint custody of their son. Herbert and Braxton starred in the reality TV show \"Tamar & Vince\". \"Who Is Tamar Braxton's Husband\" \"Happy Father's Day to the love of my life, my best friend, my husband Vincent Herbert! Our son Logan...\"", "The One (Tamar Braxton song) \"The One\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). The song was released on May 7, 2013, as the second single from the album. Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the track. It is an uptempo song with lyrics about Braxton's love for her partner. \" The One\" samples Mtume's 1983 single \"Juicy Fruit\", previously used in The Notorious B.I.G.'s 1994 track \"Juicy\". Critical response to \"The One\" was positive, with some critics praising it for its associations with the summer. The single appeared on several \"Billboard\" component charts. Gil Green directed the single's music video, which features Braxton and her boyfriend on a date at the Santa Monica Pier. Commentators responded positively to the video. Braxton further promoted \"The One\" through live performances. Tamar Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the song, and worked on the backing vocals. Mike Donaldson mixed and recorded the track. The song was released on May 7, 2013 through Epic and Streamline, as the second single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). It was made available as a CD single and a digital download.", "My Man (Tamar Braxton song) \"My Man\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was released as the lead single from the record on April 27, 2017, through eOne Entertainment and Braxton's independent record label Tamartian Land Records. \"My Man\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. A R&B and soul ballad and torch song, its lyrics are about infidelity and its negative impact on a relationship. Braxton wrote the song about her parents' marriage and their relationship following their divorce, and used her mother's perspective as inspiration. Critics responded positively to \"My Man\", praising Braxton's vocals and the lyrics. The single peaked at number three and twenty-one on \"Billboard\" Adult R&B Songs and Hot R&B Songs component charts, respectively. It was prominently featured on an episode of the reality television series \"Braxton Family Values\". To promote \"My Man\", Braxton performed it during the BET Awards 2017; she received primarily positive feedback from media outlets for her vocals and dramatic stage presence. Some commentators, however, believed Braxton was lip syncing. An accompanying video, released on June 25, 2017, features Braxton confronting her lover and his mistress in a hotel room. \"My Man\" was released as the lead single from Tamar Braxton's fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was the first song from Braxton's independent record label, Tamartian Land Records, which was created with the support of eOne Entertainment. She described the single and overall album as \"the first time you see an X-ray vision of Tamar and everything I've been through\"."], "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did that song do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23f6bd5813af48798a77cf2b694782bf_0_q#3", "question": "What year was that released?", "rewrite": "What year was the album Calling All Lovers released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Saints and Lovers  Saints and Lovers is a three-piece American rock band from New York City. The band started as a duo consisting of Dennis Cahlo, formerly of The Realistics, and the American band V's guitarist Scott Meola. After a residency at Pianos in New York, drummer Doug Meola joined the band before its debut at Mercury Lounge. Originally called The Sons of Sound, the band changed its name to Saints and Lovers in October, 2004. Saints and Lovers released two EPs in 2004, and third in 2005 on Sarah Lewitinn's Stolen Transmission label. The Atmosphere EP included a cover of Joy Division's \"Atmosphere.\" In 2006, Saints and Lovers began recording \"Stille\", the band's first full-length album. Recorded, mixed, and produced entirely by the band, the album marks the maturation of Saints and Lovers\u2019 songwriting ability and sonic scope. \" Stille\" was released on February 5, 2008. With the addition of live keyboardist Gina Lee, formerly of Unisex Salon, Saints and Lovers continue to perform and open for such acts as The Raveonettes, The Bravery, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, The Dears, and Morningwood. Official Saints and Lovers MySpace page Doug Meola's Official Website", "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\" which features Braxton, was released as a digital single. Season 3 of Tamar & Vince premiered in October 2014, and it consisted of 10 episodes just like the previous seasons. On October 6, Braxton's new single \"Let Me Know\" featuring rapper Future peaked at #2 on the Billboard Trending 140 chart, less than an hour after its premiere on Braxton's official SoundCloud account and eventually reached #1 by 12:00 AM October 7. Billboard.com gave the song 4 out of 5 stars in its review of \"The Best and Worst Singles of the Week\" for the second week of October. At the same time, Braxton, and sisters Toni and Trina guest starred on their sister Traci's music video \"Last Call\". On May 27, 2015, the single \"If I Don't Have You\" was released. The song peaked at number 6 on the US Adult R&B Songs chart. Braxton's new album, Calling All Lovers, is set to be released October 2, 2015. On September 2, 2015, Braxton was revealed as one of the celebrities who will compete on the 21st season of Dancing with the Stars. She was paired with reigning champion, Valentin Chmerkovskiy. The single \"Catfish\" was released on September 10, 2015 along with the album Calling All Lovers available for pre-order on iTunes. On September 18, 2015, the single \"Angels & Demons\" was released. In October 2015, the group The Braxtons including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Towanda, will be releasing a new material titled Braxton Family Christmas as five members. The album was released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th.", "Iguana Lovers Iguana Lovers is an Argentine rock band that formed in 1990 in west Buenos Aires, Argentina, by Ariel Soriano (guitars and vocals), Ivan Mirabal ( guitars)and Javier Accossatto (bass). They are currently playing with Gabriel Diederle (tambourine and machines) The band continues today as it has since 1990 and released four LP's and nine EP's. The band took part in the \"sonic movementt popular in Buenos Aires, by shoegaze, bands like The Jesus and Mary Chain, The Stone Roses, Sonic Youth and Ride, and by the first wave of Argentinian post punk bands like Los Pillos. Iguana Lovers' sound was defined by the sound experimentation, sentimental and ethereal vocal melodies, mixed with distorted guitars and creative sounds. Iguana Lovers have participated in several concerts and festivals invited by artists such as New Order, Ian Brown, Peter Hook, Mark Gardener and Loz Colbert (Ride band), Inspiral Carpets, The Jesus and Mary Chain and other local and international talent. Iguana Lovers released their first album \"Universe\" on a small press-run cassette. The band toured the country and South America, also in 1990 they took part of the Sonic Movement. In 1991, with the incorporation of Diego Cid on samplers, an important Buenos Aires DJ of electronic music and acid house, they began to play in different dance clubs. They then recorded Jungla EP, coming out in 1992 and was presented live in Die Schule sponsored by Omar Chaban. The band, which increasingly gained popularity, closed the year with a big concert at the Centro Cultural Recoleta and were credited as the most important new band of the independent Buenos Aires scene.", "A variety of musical styles are represented here, rhythm and blues (\"This Is My Story\" and \"Lawdy Miss Clawdy\", the latter a Lloyd Price chestnut), western (\"San Antonio Rose\", later a hit for Floyd Cramer), pop (\"For Sentimental Reasons\" and \"Memories of You\"), and early rock'n'roll (their version of \"White Christmas\" and \"Such a Night\", both popularized by The Drifters). Rhino R2 90142 (CD), released July 1993. This is essentially a reissue of a 1989 German compilation album (\"The Four Lovers 1956\") with a few alternate takes thrown in. In addition to the complete contents of the \"Joyride\" album and a few songs that were recorded in the \"Joyride\" sessions, the CD contains all songs that The Four Lovers released as singles on RCA Victor. Thus it contains the entire Four Lovers output except the two sides on their 1957 Epic single (\"My Life for Your Love\" and \"Pucker Up\").", "In 1995, Army of Lovers released their first best-of compilation entitled \"Les Greatest Hits\", which included one new song called King Midas, which replaced Stand up for Myself for the version in 1996. It was written by Jonas Berggren from Ace of Base. By this point, they had released five studio albums, made over twenty music videos, and they became successful across Eastern Europe before Bard disbanded the group to concentrate on his new group Vacuum in 1996. The band reformed briefly in 2001 to celebrate the 10th anniversary since their breakthrough with the release of another best-of compilation called \"Le Grand Docu-Soap\". The compilation contained three cover versions, including \"Let The Sunshine In\" and \"Hands Up\". Two members of Army of Lovers (La Camilla and Dominika) reunited in June 2011 and appeared as guest vocalists on \"Don't Try to Steal My Limelight\", a single by Swedish drag artist and blogger Miss Inga. The three later formed the band Happy Hoes and released \"We Rule the World\", followed by a Christmas song entitled \"Happy Ho Ho Ho\". Happy Hoes performed at Pride 2012. Army of Lovers performed with Alexander Bard, Camilla Henemark and Jean-Pierre Barda in late 2012 to enter the Melodifestivalen 2013 with the song \"Rockin' the Ride\", in hopes of representing Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malm\u00f6. Their entry did not reach the finals of the Melodifestivalen. Just a few days after their performance, Alexander Bard explained to the press that Camilla Henemark had been kicked out once again and that Dominika Peczynski had returned. This was followed by a public fight between Alexander Bard and Dominika Peczynski against Camilla Henemark."], "answer": {"text": "September 10, 2015", "answer_start": 1196}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did that song do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Calling All Lovers?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23f6bd5813af48798a77cf2b694782bf_0_q#4", "question": "What were some singles on the album?", "rewrite": "What were some singles on the album Calling All Lovers?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It peaked at number 11 on the Hot Latin Songs chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Tropical Songs chart. The second single, \"Ese Hombre\", reached number 12 on the Hot Latin Songs chart and became her second number-one song on the Tropical Songs chart. \" Que Ganas de No Verte M\u00e1s\" peaked at number 24 on the Hot Latin Songs and number two on the Tropical Songs charts. \"Dicen Que Soy\" and \"O Ella o Yo\" reached number five and seven respectively on the Tropical Songs chart. Even without a formal review, an editor for the website Allmusic gave \"Dicen Que Soy\" four stars out of five. An editor for \"Latina\" magazine wrote a positive review for the album calling her cover of \"Nunca Voy a Olvidarte\" \"sensational\" and \"Vivir lo Nuestro\" an \"explosive live recording\". India's recordings of \"Ese Hombre\" and \"Dicen Que Soy\" have been noted to be \"anthems for female salsa lovers\". At the 6th Lo Nuestro Awards ceremony in 1995, \"Dicen Que Soy\" received a nomination for \"Tropical Album of the Year\", but lost to \"Siente el Amor...\" by Olga Ta\u00f1\u00f3n. In the same year, the album won the award for \"Tropical/Salsa Album of the Year by a Female Artist\" at the second annual \"Billboard\" Latin Music Awards. In the United States, it peaked at number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the Tropical Albums chart. According to Nielsen SoundScan, \"Dicen Que Soy\" has sold over 144,000 copies as of 2000. The following credits are from Allmusic and the \"Dicen Que Soy\" CD liner notes. A.", "The music video for the song, \"Fragrance\" featuring Correy C, was released on October 23, 2018. Upon its release, the album received critical acclaim. In an one listen review from hip hop website \"DJBooth\", writer Yoh Phillips praised the album calling it an \"unique sonic experience\", he continued saying: \"\"Milky Way\" is a body of work built for pure enjoyment. Music for a good time. Compared to his first two albums, \"Milky Way\" sounds specially crafted for return visits.\" Riley Wallace of \"HipHopDX\" gave the album a positive review saying, \"\"Milky Way\" isn\u2019t a blatant attempt at killing the charts with sure-shot singles and will attract only a handful of new supporters with this approach. To it\u2019s overall credit, however, it's a carefully curated collection of controlled experimentation that works as separate pieces and as a whole. If \u2014 like he suggests \u2014 he\u2019s giving New York City a \u201cwhole new sound,\u201d then the future sounds \u2026 milky. \" Writing for Medium, Hamish Raman called the album \"amazing\", he commented saying: \"I would recommend that everyone listen to it at least once especially if you want some music to vibe to. Dreamville is killing it at the moment, and it\u2019s got me hyped to see what\u2019s next. \" Writing for \"HotNewHipHop\", Richard Bryan said, \"\"Milky Way\" is pretty much perfect vacation music. Soundtracks to laugh, and drink, and periodically, dance to. Despite the lack of weightiness to the work, Bas genuinely seems to be having fun experimenting with new styles and rhythms.", "A Take That spokesman claimed the change in release was also due to \"huge response to their press conference\" where they announced tour dates. \"Progress\" received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 80, based on 8 reviews, which indicates \"generally favourable reviews\". \"Q\" praised the album calling it \"a triumph; musically, conceptually, personally.\" Virgin Media gave the album 7 out of 10, calling it \"a deceptively dark offering from the usually quite cheerful man band\". \" The Guardian\" gave \"Progress\" a rating of four out of five commenting that \"Take That's first album as a quintet since 1995 is informed by two things: a genuinely new sound and Robbie Williams's seamless reimmersion into life as a band member, which is played out on emotional duets with Gary Barlow and Mark Owen\" and concluding that \"[Williams] and his bandmates have produced a noteworthy modern album.\" BBC Music gave the album a positive review stating: \"If the title of \"Progress\" suggests the band's new sound will be a merging and evolving of Take That Mk. II and recent Robbie Williams fare, the reality is startlingly different. Progress is something entirely new \u2013 Take That Mk. III \u2013 and the strangest, most ambitious and most exciting record its creators have ever been involved in.\" Yahoo! Music UK awarded the album 8/10 and wrote, \"It's all about Robbie Williams. His vocals dominant seven out of ten tracks, the keyboard heavy makeover has little to do with Take That and everything to do with his last three solo albums, and while the reunion has clearly done him the world of good, it doesn't seem like a fair and equal exchange.\"", "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\" which features Braxton, was released as a digital single. Season 3 of Tamar & Vince premiered in October 2014, and it consisted of 10 episodes just like the previous seasons. On October 6, Braxton's new single \"Let Me Know\" featuring rapper Future peaked at #2 on the Billboard Trending 140 chart, less than an hour after its premiere on Braxton's official SoundCloud account and eventually reached #1 by 12:00 AM October 7. Billboard.com gave the song 4 out of 5 stars in its review of \"The Best and Worst Singles of the Week\" for the second week of October. At the same time, Braxton, and sisters Toni and Trina guest starred on their sister Traci's music video \"Last Call\". On May 27, 2015, the single \"If I Don't Have You\" was released. The song peaked at number 6 on the US Adult R&B Songs chart. Braxton's new album, Calling All Lovers, is set to be released October 2, 2015. On September 2, 2015, Braxton was revealed as one of the celebrities who will compete on the 21st season of Dancing with the Stars. She was paired with reigning champion, Valentin Chmerkovskiy. The single \"Catfish\" was released on September 10, 2015 along with the album Calling All Lovers available for pre-order on iTunes. On September 18, 2015, the single \"Angels & Demons\" was released. In October 2015, the group The Braxtons including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Towanda, will be releasing a new material titled Braxton Family Christmas as five members. The album was released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th.", "A music video for \"Believe\" was later released on June 18, 2018, also directed by Steven Brahms. The album was streamed a week in advance starting on March 22, 2018 through NPR's \"First Listen\" series. A deluxe version of \"Freedom\" was released digitally on November 30, 2018. It includes live versions of \"Freedom\", \"Skipping School\", \"Miki Dora\" and \"L.A.\" recorded at various shows throughout Amen Dunes' European tour. \"Freedom\" has received acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 87, based on 17 reviews. Ben Homewood of \"NME\" gave the album a perfect score calling it a \"grand, pop-rock masterpiece\" and said, \"It's the scale of \"Freedom\"s sound that cements it as an instantaneous classic; far and away McMahon's most complete work to date. His reedy, beaten-down vocal is so magnificent you wonder where he's been hiding it all these years, while every track thrums with its own deep groove.\" Sam Sodomsky of \"Pitchfork\" praised the album calling it \"the most dynamic, confident Amen Dunes record to date\" and said, \" On \"Freedom\", McMahon's voice is clearer, his hooks are sharper, and his music\u2014once a hazy spider web of hisses, drones, and vamps\u2014opens to reveal a latent aspiration toward the classic-rock songbook.\""], "answer": {"text": "Angels & Demons", "answer_start": 1325}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did that song do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Calling All Lovers?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that released?", "answer": {"text": "September 10, 2015", "answer_start": 1196, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23f6bd5813af48798a77cf2b694782bf_0_q#5", "question": "How did the album do?", "rewrite": "How did the album Calling All Lovers do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\" which features Braxton, was released as a digital single. Season 3 of Tamar & Vince premiered in October 2014, and it consisted of 10 episodes just like the previous seasons. On October 6, Braxton's new single \"Let Me Know\" featuring rapper Future peaked at #2 on the Billboard Trending 140 chart, less than an hour after its premiere on Braxton's official SoundCloud account and eventually reached #1 by 12:00 AM October 7. Billboard.com gave the song 4 out of 5 stars in its review of \"The Best and Worst Singles of the Week\" for the second week of October. At the same time, Braxton, and sisters Toni and Trina guest starred on their sister Traci's music video \"Last Call\". On May 27, 2015, the single \"If I Don't Have You\" was released. The song peaked at number 6 on the US Adult R&B Songs chart. Braxton's new album, Calling All Lovers, is set to be released October 2, 2015. On September 2, 2015, Braxton was revealed as one of the celebrities who will compete on the 21st season of Dancing with the Stars. She was paired with reigning champion, Valentin Chmerkovskiy. The single \"Catfish\" was released on September 10, 2015 along with the album Calling All Lovers available for pre-order on iTunes. On September 18, 2015, the single \"Angels & Demons\" was released. In October 2015, the group The Braxtons including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Towanda, will be releasing a new material titled Braxton Family Christmas as five members. The album was released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th.", "A Take That spokesman claimed the change in release was also due to \"huge response to their press conference\" where they announced tour dates. \"Progress\" received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 80, based on 8 reviews, which indicates \"generally favourable reviews\". \"Q\" praised the album calling it \"a triumph; musically, conceptually, personally.\" Virgin Media gave the album 7 out of 10, calling it \"a deceptively dark offering from the usually quite cheerful man band\". \" The Guardian\" gave \"Progress\" a rating of four out of five commenting that \"Take That's first album as a quintet since 1995 is informed by two things: a genuinely new sound and Robbie Williams's seamless reimmersion into life as a band member, which is played out on emotional duets with Gary Barlow and Mark Owen\" and concluding that \"[Williams] and his bandmates have produced a noteworthy modern album.\" BBC Music gave the album a positive review stating: \"If the title of \"Progress\" suggests the band's new sound will be a merging and evolving of Take That Mk. II and recent Robbie Williams fare, the reality is startlingly different. Progress is something entirely new \u2013 Take That Mk. III \u2013 and the strangest, most ambitious and most exciting record its creators have ever been involved in.\" Yahoo! Music UK awarded the album 8/10 and wrote, \"It's all about Robbie Williams. His vocals dominant seven out of ten tracks, the keyboard heavy makeover has little to do with Take That and everything to do with his last three solo albums, and while the reunion has clearly done him the world of good, it doesn't seem like a fair and equal exchange.\"", "A music video for \"Believe\" was later released on June 18, 2018, also directed by Steven Brahms. The album was streamed a week in advance starting on March 22, 2018 through NPR's \"First Listen\" series. A deluxe version of \"Freedom\" was released digitally on November 30, 2018. It includes live versions of \"Freedom\", \"Skipping School\", \"Miki Dora\" and \"L.A.\" recorded at various shows throughout Amen Dunes' European tour. \"Freedom\" has received acclaim from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 87, based on 17 reviews. Ben Homewood of \"NME\" gave the album a perfect score calling it a \"grand, pop-rock masterpiece\" and said, \"It's the scale of \"Freedom\"s sound that cements it as an instantaneous classic; far and away McMahon's most complete work to date. His reedy, beaten-down vocal is so magnificent you wonder where he's been hiding it all these years, while every track thrums with its own deep groove.\" Sam Sodomsky of \"Pitchfork\" praised the album calling it \"the most dynamic, confident Amen Dunes record to date\" and said, \" On \"Freedom\", McMahon's voice is clearer, his hooks are sharper, and his music\u2014once a hazy spider web of hisses, drones, and vamps\u2014opens to reveal a latent aspiration toward the classic-rock songbook.\"", "Eardley said that this album has \"one of the best vocal performances of 2001\" and that it \"is a true masterpiece.\" Chris Flaaten of \"Chronicles of Chaos\" wrote that \"the album has their best production to date and variety is abundant\" and that the band found what they needed in Gossow. Despite Serge Regoor of \"Archaic Magazine\" states that her voice sounds great, he comments that \"actually the vocals are much better too, but they are still not as good compared to the guitarwork.\" Haavard Holm of \"Tartarean Desire\" praised the band writing that it \"has capacities beyond the normal\" and stated that \"\"Wages of Sin\" is simply so well done in all ways, that it will be hard for any band to overcome this album in this genre.\" Another critic of \"Tartarean Desire\", Vincent Eldefors praised the singer Angela Gossow stating that she is one of the best lead vocalists in extreme metal along ex-Opera IX Cadaveria. Adam Bregman of Allmusic wrote that Gossow \"is just the right touch to add to a band who ranks among metal's most progressive and unique outfits.\" Blabbermouth.net's Borivoj Krgin praised the production of the album calling it \"most impressive production job out of all the Arch Enemy albums. \" El Cid of Metal Rules praised the band stating that \"this is arpeggio heaven amongst other things, the drumming is tight, the bass is excellent and the guitars are simply magnificent.\" Jeff of \"Metal Storm\" liked of quality of the production and praised the songs and the musicians calling it of \"simply excellent\" and \"simply brilliant\", respectively. He said that \"the Amott brothers are certainly among the best guitarists of today's metal scene.\"", "It peaked at number 11 on the Hot Latin Songs chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Tropical Songs chart. The second single, \"Ese Hombre\", reached number 12 on the Hot Latin Songs chart and became her second number-one song on the Tropical Songs chart. \" Que Ganas de No Verte M\u00e1s\" peaked at number 24 on the Hot Latin Songs and number two on the Tropical Songs charts. \"Dicen Que Soy\" and \"O Ella o Yo\" reached number five and seven respectively on the Tropical Songs chart. Even without a formal review, an editor for the website Allmusic gave \"Dicen Que Soy\" four stars out of five. An editor for \"Latina\" magazine wrote a positive review for the album calling her cover of \"Nunca Voy a Olvidarte\" \"sensational\" and \"Vivir lo Nuestro\" an \"explosive live recording\". India's recordings of \"Ese Hombre\" and \"Dicen Que Soy\" have been noted to be \"anthems for female salsa lovers\". At the 6th Lo Nuestro Awards ceremony in 1995, \"Dicen Que Soy\" received a nomination for \"Tropical Album of the Year\", but lost to \"Siente el Amor...\" by Olga Ta\u00f1\u00f3n. In the same year, the album won the award for \"Tropical/Salsa Album of the Year by a Female Artist\" at the second annual \"Billboard\" Latin Music Awards. In the United States, it peaked at number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the Tropical Albums chart. According to Nielsen SoundScan, \"Dicen Que Soy\" has sold over 144,000 copies as of 2000. The following credits are from Allmusic and the \"Dicen Que Soy\" CD liner notes. A."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did that song do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Calling All Lovers?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that released?", "answer": {"text": "September 10, 2015", "answer_start": 1196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "Angels & Demons", "answer_start": 1325, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23f6bd5813af48798a77cf2b694782bf_0_q#6", "question": "Was there anything notable about Calling All Lovers?", "rewrite": "Was there anything notable about the album Calling All Lovers?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Balakrishna Memorial Vayanasala Balakrishna Memorial Vayanasala is a library located in Kerala state, India. It is also known as Elamkulam Vayanasala, after the name of a local village.", "It peaked at number 11 on the Hot Latin Songs chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Tropical Songs chart. The second single, \"Ese Hombre\", reached number 12 on the Hot Latin Songs chart and became her second number-one song on the Tropical Songs chart. \" Que Ganas de No Verte M\u00e1s\" peaked at number 24 on the Hot Latin Songs and number two on the Tropical Songs charts. \"Dicen Que Soy\" and \"O Ella o Yo\" reached number five and seven respectively on the Tropical Songs chart. Even without a formal review, an editor for the website Allmusic gave \"Dicen Que Soy\" four stars out of five. An editor for \"Latina\" magazine wrote a positive review for the album calling her cover of \"Nunca Voy a Olvidarte\" \"sensational\" and \"Vivir lo Nuestro\" an \"explosive live recording\". India's recordings of \"Ese Hombre\" and \"Dicen Que Soy\" have been noted to be \"anthems for female salsa lovers\". At the 6th Lo Nuestro Awards ceremony in 1995, \"Dicen Que Soy\" received a nomination for \"Tropical Album of the Year\", but lost to \"Siente el Amor...\" by Olga Ta\u00f1\u00f3n. In the same year, the album won the award for \"Tropical/Salsa Album of the Year by a Female Artist\" at the second annual \"Billboard\" Latin Music Awards. In the United States, it peaked at number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the Tropical Albums chart. According to Nielsen SoundScan, \"Dicen Que Soy\" has sold over 144,000 copies as of 2000. The following credits are from Allmusic and the \"Dicen Que Soy\" CD liner notes. A.", "Sykes stated about the album: \"\"amo\" is a love album that explores every aspect of that most powerful emotion. [...] It deals with the good the bad and the ugly, and as a result we've created an album that's more experimental, more varied, weird, and wonderful than anything we've done before.\" He later commented that \"Amo\" is a concept album about love, as \"Everything boils down to love in the end\". Sykes also said that some of the lyrical content concerns his divorce. The genres of the album has been described as pop rock, electronic rock, electropop, synth-pop, EDM, alternative rock, electronica, hard rock, and pop. The album also contains elements of hip hop, and trap. \"Amo\" received critical acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 85 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". AllMusic gave the album a positive review saying, \"\"Amo\" is a genre-bending thrill ride that marks a brave new era for the band.\" \"The Independent\" called the album \"catchy and eclectic\" but also said that \"\"amo\" won't satisfy all of BMTH's fans... [but will] bring in some new ones.\" \"NME\" praised the album calling the interludes \"dark and mechanical\" and \"exciting signposts to the future\". In a positive review, \"Substream Magazine\" saying, \"The way that Bring Me The Horizon weaves through genres and dives into them further is challenging.\"", "A Take That spokesman claimed the change in release was also due to \"huge response to their press conference\" where they announced tour dates. \"Progress\" received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 80, based on 8 reviews, which indicates \"generally favourable reviews\". \"Q\" praised the album calling it \"a triumph; musically, conceptually, personally.\" Virgin Media gave the album 7 out of 10, calling it \"a deceptively dark offering from the usually quite cheerful man band\". \" The Guardian\" gave \"Progress\" a rating of four out of five commenting that \"Take That's first album as a quintet since 1995 is informed by two things: a genuinely new sound and Robbie Williams's seamless reimmersion into life as a band member, which is played out on emotional duets with Gary Barlow and Mark Owen\" and concluding that \"[Williams] and his bandmates have produced a noteworthy modern album.\" BBC Music gave the album a positive review stating: \"If the title of \"Progress\" suggests the band's new sound will be a merging and evolving of Take That Mk. II and recent Robbie Williams fare, the reality is startlingly different. Progress is something entirely new \u2013 Take That Mk. III \u2013 and the strangest, most ambitious and most exciting record its creators have ever been involved in.\" Yahoo! Music UK awarded the album 8/10 and wrote, \"It's all about Robbie Williams. His vocals dominant seven out of ten tracks, the keyboard heavy makeover has little to do with Take That and everything to do with his last three solo albums, and while the reunion has clearly done him the world of good, it doesn't seem like a fair and equal exchange.\"", "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\" which features Braxton, was released as a digital single. Season 3 of Tamar & Vince premiered in October 2014, and it consisted of 10 episodes just like the previous seasons. On October 6, Braxton's new single \"Let Me Know\" featuring rapper Future peaked at #2 on the Billboard Trending 140 chart, less than an hour after its premiere on Braxton's official SoundCloud account and eventually reached #1 by 12:00 AM October 7. Billboard.com gave the song 4 out of 5 stars in its review of \"The Best and Worst Singles of the Week\" for the second week of October. At the same time, Braxton, and sisters Toni and Trina guest starred on their sister Traci's music video \"Last Call\". On May 27, 2015, the single \"If I Don't Have You\" was released. The song peaked at number 6 on the US Adult R&B Songs chart. Braxton's new album, Calling All Lovers, is set to be released October 2, 2015. On September 2, 2015, Braxton was revealed as one of the celebrities who will compete on the 21st season of Dancing with the Stars. She was paired with reigning champion, Valentin Chmerkovskiy. The single \"Catfish\" was released on September 10, 2015 along with the album Calling All Lovers available for pre-order on iTunes. On September 18, 2015, the single \"Angels & Demons\" was released. In October 2015, the group The Braxtons including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Towanda, will be releasing a new material titled Braxton Family Christmas as five members. The album was released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Tamar Braxton in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "On February 25, 2014, the remix of Robin Thicke's single \"For the Rest of My Life\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did that song do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is Calling All Lovers?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that released?", "answer": {"text": "September 10, 2015", "answer_start": 1196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles on the album?", "answer": {"text": "Angels & Demons", "answer_start": 1325, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_914a915bb68d4ca8bc6045dd64620d95_0_q#0", "question": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "rewrite": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation. This cluster split as a result of internal differences, leading to the emergence of distinct independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups, who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The Turkana emerged victorious again by co-opting young people from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of the Turkana increased in what is now the northern plains of Turkana. The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a distinct group which expanded southwards conquering ethnic nations south of its borders. The Turkana people easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing superior tactics of war, better weapons and military organization. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully occupied by the Turkana and their allies. There was a relative long period of peace among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until the onset of European colonization of Africa. Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab, Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders. European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex enemy, the British. The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration. From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia. After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists.", "Turkana County Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Turkana is the second largest, by land area, (after Marsabit County) and also the northwesternmost county in Kenya. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia, including the disputed Ilemi Triangle, to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to the east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot, Baringo and Samburu Counties, while Marsabit County is located on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana. Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918. During 1926, the entire Turkana people were subjugated to a body of the British military, who subsequently restricted their movements to an area of Kenya, forcing these to settle in the area known now as Turkana county. During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration.", "\u201cThey have stopped our Turkana people from fishing, they have thrown us out of the pastures, we can\u2019t access the waters. We allowed our communities to continue fighting and competing over resources\u201d, he said. In 2011, an estimated 900 armed militia and 2,500 Ethiopian civilians on Kenyan territory around lake Turkana increased attacks against Kenyans. The Kenyan government claimed that these illegal immigrants had taken control of 10 Kenyan villages and vowed to send them back to Ethiopia. The dispute was driven both by territorial claims and access to water resources. The Turkana are frequently attacked by the Ethiopian tribes. In May 2011, a dozen Ethiopians allegedly killed Kenya\u2018s head of the Border Police, John Nunyes, a Kenyan Parliament member who visited the Turkana community. Before dramatic climate changes, the area inhabited by the Turkana peopleenabled the sustainability of livestock herds. This was because of the area's predictable rainfall and availability of land. Many people are now migrating toward the Turkana\u2019s territory and most Turkana tribesmen are suffering from the loss of pasture and access to water. The Daasanach share a traditional border with the Turkana. However, the border is moving toward south because of receding water. According to the \"Christian Science Monitor\", the Daasanach have begun cultivating the land and fishing using the waters of the River Omo-Lake Turkana Delta in competition with the Kenyan Turkana people for both land and water resources. The Nayangatom are cattle herders who use Omo River water for their animals. Those who are displaced internally rely on government and foreign support, which is not always well thought out. For example, the international community sent foods such as maize, which cannot be eaten raw and requires a lot of water to cook.", "FoLT works to ensure increased capacity to represent community interests in the extractives and development agenda within the community and Increase the use of research and evidence based data to inform changes in policy implementation to ensure public resources are used transparently and can be accounted for  FoLT advocates for the recognition of youth and women and other marginalized groups as key agents of change by ensuring their increased participation in decision making processes and demanding of accountability. Lake Turkana, in Northern Kenya, is a part of the 70,000-square-kilometer Turkana Basin, and is the most saline lake in east Africa. Because the Omo River provides Lake Turkana with 90% of its water, the planned Gilgel Gibe III Dam would lower the lake's water levels by 5\u201312 meters, changing its environment, chemistry, shoreline and ecology. This would also disrupt local economic practices including fishing, pastoralism and agricultural production. The dam site is 160 kilometers north of Lake Turkana, in the Lower Omo Valley. Dam construction began in 2006. FoLT has stated that the Gibe III dam will destroy important components of Lake Turkana's ecology, and the economy it provides for local people. FoLT has estimated that 200,000 people or more, belonging to eight ethnic groups, rely upon the lake for their sustenance. Friends of Lake Turkana has made efforts to increase awareness about the construction of the Gibe III Dam and its potential impact on Lake Turkana among local Turkana people. As a result of FoLT's activities, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank chose to cancel their funding of Gibe III. The organization has advocated for responsible ecological practices for further planned dams in Ethiopia.", "Ceramics belonging to these cultures are identified by \"Turkwell Tradition\" pottery characterized by repeated, deep horizontal grooves, and further grooves that radiate from these, likely produced by fish spines. Major Turkwell tradition sites in the region are Apeget and Lopoy both approximately 100 km north of Lokori, above the Turkwel River. Today Lokori is settled by the traditionally nomadic and pastoralist Turkana people, with many belonging to the Ngisonyoka Turkana group. Pastoralists around Lokori typically raise camels, cattle, sheep and goats. These are a measure of wealth, and are also used to trade for cash or maize, or traditionally exploited for consumption of milk and blood. One regional study found that in 1980-85, pastoralists outside Lokori lost over 50% of their stock to drought, with cattle especially affected, and camels most resilient. The study found that Lokori pastoralists were able to regain pre-drought stock numbers after three years of normal rains. Consistent with patterns found in the tropics, a 1974 study investigating hepatitis B prevalence found that 12% of the Turkana people in Lokori tested positive for the HB ag antigen."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_914a915bb68d4ca8bc6045dd64620d95_0_q#1", "question": "Where do the Turkana people originate from?", "rewrite": "Where do the Turkana people originate from?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation. This cluster split as a result of internal differences, leading to the emergence of distinct independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups, who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The Turkana emerged victorious again by co-opting young people from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of the Turkana increased in what is now the northern plains of Turkana. The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a distinct group which expanded southwards conquering ethnic nations south of its borders. The Turkana people easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing superior tactics of war, better weapons and military organization. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully occupied by the Turkana and their allies. There was a relative long period of peace among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until the onset of European colonization of Africa. Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab, Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders. European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex enemy, the British. The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration. From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia. After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists.", "Turkana County Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Turkana is the second largest, by land area, (after Marsabit County) and also the northwesternmost county in Kenya. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia, including the disputed Ilemi Triangle, to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to the east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot, Baringo and Samburu Counties, while Marsabit County is located on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana. Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918. During 1926, the entire Turkana people were subjugated to a body of the British military, who subsequently restricted their movements to an area of Kenya, forcing these to settle in the area known now as Turkana county. During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration.", "FoLT works to ensure increased capacity to represent community interests in the extractives and development agenda within the community and Increase the use of research and evidence based data to inform changes in policy implementation to ensure public resources are used transparently and can be accounted for  FoLT advocates for the recognition of youth and women and other marginalized groups as key agents of change by ensuring their increased participation in decision making processes and demanding of accountability. Lake Turkana, in Northern Kenya, is a part of the 70,000-square-kilometer Turkana Basin, and is the most saline lake in east Africa. Because the Omo River provides Lake Turkana with 90% of its water, the planned Gilgel Gibe III Dam would lower the lake's water levels by 5\u201312 meters, changing its environment, chemistry, shoreline and ecology. This would also disrupt local economic practices including fishing, pastoralism and agricultural production. The dam site is 160 kilometers north of Lake Turkana, in the Lower Omo Valley. Dam construction began in 2006. FoLT has stated that the Gibe III dam will destroy important components of Lake Turkana's ecology, and the economy it provides for local people. FoLT has estimated that 200,000 people or more, belonging to eight ethnic groups, rely upon the lake for their sustenance. Friends of Lake Turkana has made efforts to increase awareness about the construction of the Gibe III Dam and its potential impact on Lake Turkana among local Turkana people. As a result of FoLT's activities, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank chose to cancel their funding of Gibe III. The organization has advocated for responsible ecological practices for further planned dams in Ethiopia.", "\u201cThey have stopped our Turkana people from fishing, they have thrown us out of the pastures, we can\u2019t access the waters. We allowed our communities to continue fighting and competing over resources\u201d, he said. In 2011, an estimated 900 armed militia and 2,500 Ethiopian civilians on Kenyan territory around lake Turkana increased attacks against Kenyans. The Kenyan government claimed that these illegal immigrants had taken control of 10 Kenyan villages and vowed to send them back to Ethiopia. The dispute was driven both by territorial claims and access to water resources. The Turkana are frequently attacked by the Ethiopian tribes. In May 2011, a dozen Ethiopians allegedly killed Kenya\u2018s head of the Border Police, John Nunyes, a Kenyan Parliament member who visited the Turkana community. Before dramatic climate changes, the area inhabited by the Turkana peopleenabled the sustainability of livestock herds. This was because of the area's predictable rainfall and availability of land. Many people are now migrating toward the Turkana\u2019s territory and most Turkana tribesmen are suffering from the loss of pasture and access to water. The Daasanach share a traditional border with the Turkana. However, the border is moving toward south because of receding water. According to the \"Christian Science Monitor\", the Daasanach have begun cultivating the land and fishing using the waters of the River Omo-Lake Turkana Delta in competition with the Kenyan Turkana people for both land and water resources. The Nayangatom are cattle herders who use Omo River water for their animals. Those who are displaced internally rely on government and foreign support, which is not always well thought out. For example, the international community sent foods such as maize, which cannot be eaten raw and requires a lot of water to cook.", "Ceramics belonging to these cultures are identified by \"Turkwell Tradition\" pottery characterized by repeated, deep horizontal grooves, and further grooves that radiate from these, likely produced by fish spines. Major Turkwell tradition sites in the region are Apeget and Lopoy both approximately 100 km north of Lokori, above the Turkwel River. Today Lokori is settled by the traditionally nomadic and pastoralist Turkana people, with many belonging to the Ngisonyoka Turkana group. Pastoralists around Lokori typically raise camels, cattle, sheep and goats. These are a measure of wealth, and are also used to trade for cash or maize, or traditionally exploited for consumption of milk and blood. One regional study found that in 1980-85, pastoralists outside Lokori lost over 50% of their stock to drought, with cattle especially affected, and camels most resilient. The study found that Lokori pastoralists were able to regain pre-drought stock numbers after three years of normal rains. Consistent with patterns found in the tropics, a 1974 study investigating hepatitis B prevalence found that 12% of the Turkana people in Lokori tested positive for the HB ag antigen."], "answer": {"text": "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_914a915bb68d4ca8bc6045dd64620d95_0_q#2", "question": "What language do the Turkana speak?", "rewrite": "What language do the Turkana people speak?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Turkana language Turkana is the language of the Turkana people of Kenya. It is spoken in northwestern Kenya, primarily in Turkana County, which lies west of Lake Turkana. It is one of the Eastern Nilotic languages, and is closely related to Karamojong, Jie and Teso of Uganda, to Toposa spoken in the extreme southeast of South Sudan, and to Nyangatom in the South Sudan/Ethiopia Omo valley borderland; these languages together form the cluster of Teso\u2013Turkana languages. The collective group name for these related peoples is Ateker.", "Turkana County Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Turkana is the second largest, by land area, (after Marsabit County) and also the northwesternmost county in Kenya. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia, including the disputed Ilemi Triangle, to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to the east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot, Baringo and Samburu Counties, while Marsabit County is located on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana. Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918. During 1926, the entire Turkana people were subjugated to a body of the British military, who subsequently restricted their movements to an area of Kenya, forcing these to settle in the area known now as Turkana county. During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration.", "\u201cThey have stopped our Turkana people from fishing, they have thrown us out of the pastures, we can\u2019t access the waters. We allowed our communities to continue fighting and competing over resources\u201d, he said. In 2011, an estimated 900 armed militia and 2,500 Ethiopian civilians on Kenyan territory around lake Turkana increased attacks against Kenyans. The Kenyan government claimed that these illegal immigrants had taken control of 10 Kenyan villages and vowed to send them back to Ethiopia. The dispute was driven both by territorial claims and access to water resources. The Turkana are frequently attacked by the Ethiopian tribes. In May 2011, a dozen Ethiopians allegedly killed Kenya\u2018s head of the Border Police, John Nunyes, a Kenyan Parliament member who visited the Turkana community. Before dramatic climate changes, the area inhabited by the Turkana peopleenabled the sustainability of livestock herds. This was because of the area's predictable rainfall and availability of land. Many people are now migrating toward the Turkana\u2019s territory and most Turkana tribesmen are suffering from the loss of pasture and access to water. The Daasanach share a traditional border with the Turkana. However, the border is moving toward south because of receding water. According to the \"Christian Science Monitor\", the Daasanach have begun cultivating the land and fishing using the waters of the River Omo-Lake Turkana Delta in competition with the Kenyan Turkana people for both land and water resources. The Nayangatom are cattle herders who use Omo River water for their animals. Those who are displaced internally rely on government and foreign support, which is not always well thought out. For example, the international community sent foods such as maize, which cannot be eaten raw and requires a lot of water to cook.", "FoLT works to ensure increased capacity to represent community interests in the extractives and development agenda within the community and Increase the use of research and evidence based data to inform changes in policy implementation to ensure public resources are used transparently and can be accounted for  FoLT advocates for the recognition of youth and women and other marginalized groups as key agents of change by ensuring their increased participation in decision making processes and demanding of accountability. Lake Turkana, in Northern Kenya, is a part of the 70,000-square-kilometer Turkana Basin, and is the most saline lake in east Africa. Because the Omo River provides Lake Turkana with 90% of its water, the planned Gilgel Gibe III Dam would lower the lake's water levels by 5\u201312 meters, changing its environment, chemistry, shoreline and ecology. This would also disrupt local economic practices including fishing, pastoralism and agricultural production. The dam site is 160 kilometers north of Lake Turkana, in the Lower Omo Valley. Dam construction began in 2006. FoLT has stated that the Gibe III dam will destroy important components of Lake Turkana's ecology, and the economy it provides for local people. FoLT has estimated that 200,000 people or more, belonging to eight ethnic groups, rely upon the lake for their sustenance. Friends of Lake Turkana has made efforts to increase awareness about the construction of the Gibe III Dam and its potential impact on Lake Turkana among local Turkana people. As a result of FoLT's activities, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank chose to cancel their funding of Gibe III. The organization has advocated for responsible ecological practices for further planned dams in Ethiopia.", "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation. This cluster split as a result of internal differences, leading to the emergence of distinct independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups, who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The Turkana emerged victorious again by co-opting young people from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of the Turkana increased in what is now the northern plains of Turkana. The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a distinct group which expanded southwards conquering ethnic nations south of its borders. The Turkana people easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing superior tactics of war, better weapons and military organization. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully occupied by the Turkana and their allies. There was a relative long period of peace among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until the onset of European colonization of Africa. Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab, Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders. European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex enemy, the British. The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration. From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia. After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do the Turkana people originate from?", "answer": {"text": "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_914a915bb68d4ca8bc6045dd64620d95_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to the origin of the Turkana people, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["FoLT works to ensure increased capacity to represent community interests in the extractives and development agenda within the community and Increase the use of research and evidence based data to inform changes in policy implementation to ensure public resources are used transparently and can be accounted for  FoLT advocates for the recognition of youth and women and other marginalized groups as key agents of change by ensuring their increased participation in decision making processes and demanding of accountability. Lake Turkana, in Northern Kenya, is a part of the 70,000-square-kilometer Turkana Basin, and is the most saline lake in east Africa. Because the Omo River provides Lake Turkana with 90% of its water, the planned Gilgel Gibe III Dam would lower the lake's water levels by 5\u201312 meters, changing its environment, chemistry, shoreline and ecology. This would also disrupt local economic practices including fishing, pastoralism and agricultural production. The dam site is 160 kilometers north of Lake Turkana, in the Lower Omo Valley. Dam construction began in 2006. FoLT has stated that the Gibe III dam will destroy important components of Lake Turkana's ecology, and the economy it provides for local people. FoLT has estimated that 200,000 people or more, belonging to eight ethnic groups, rely upon the lake for their sustenance. Friends of Lake Turkana has made efforts to increase awareness about the construction of the Gibe III Dam and its potential impact on Lake Turkana among local Turkana people. As a result of FoLT's activities, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank chose to cancel their funding of Gibe III. The organization has advocated for responsible ecological practices for further planned dams in Ethiopia.", "Ceramics belonging to these cultures are identified by \"Turkwell Tradition\" pottery characterized by repeated, deep horizontal grooves, and further grooves that radiate from these, likely produced by fish spines. Major Turkwell tradition sites in the region are Apeget and Lopoy both approximately 100 km north of Lokori, above the Turkwel River. Today Lokori is settled by the traditionally nomadic and pastoralist Turkana people, with many belonging to the Ngisonyoka Turkana group. Pastoralists around Lokori typically raise camels, cattle, sheep and goats. These are a measure of wealth, and are also used to trade for cash or maize, or traditionally exploited for consumption of milk and blood. One regional study found that in 1980-85, pastoralists outside Lokori lost over 50% of their stock to drought, with cattle especially affected, and camels most resilient. The study found that Lokori pastoralists were able to regain pre-drought stock numbers after three years of normal rains. Consistent with patterns found in the tropics, a 1974 study investigating hepatitis B prevalence found that 12% of the Turkana people in Lokori tested positive for the HB ag antigen.", "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation. This cluster split as a result of internal differences, leading to the emergence of distinct independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups, who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The Turkana emerged victorious again by co-opting young people from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of the Turkana increased in what is now the northern plains of Turkana. The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a distinct group which expanded southwards conquering ethnic nations south of its borders. The Turkana people easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing superior tactics of war, better weapons and military organization. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully occupied by the Turkana and their allies. There was a relative long period of peace among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until the onset of European colonization of Africa. Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab, Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders. European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex enemy, the British. The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration. From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia. After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists.", "\u201cThey have stopped our Turkana people from fishing, they have thrown us out of the pastures, we can\u2019t access the waters. We allowed our communities to continue fighting and competing over resources\u201d, he said. In 2011, an estimated 900 armed militia and 2,500 Ethiopian civilians on Kenyan territory around lake Turkana increased attacks against Kenyans. The Kenyan government claimed that these illegal immigrants had taken control of 10 Kenyan villages and vowed to send them back to Ethiopia. The dispute was driven both by territorial claims and access to water resources. The Turkana are frequently attacked by the Ethiopian tribes. In May 2011, a dozen Ethiopians allegedly killed Kenya\u2018s head of the Border Police, John Nunyes, a Kenyan Parliament member who visited the Turkana community. Before dramatic climate changes, the area inhabited by the Turkana peopleenabled the sustainability of livestock herds. This was because of the area's predictable rainfall and availability of land. Many people are now migrating toward the Turkana\u2019s territory and most Turkana tribesmen are suffering from the loss of pasture and access to water. The Daasanach share a traditional border with the Turkana. However, the border is moving toward south because of receding water. According to the \"Christian Science Monitor\", the Daasanach have begun cultivating the land and fishing using the waters of the River Omo-Lake Turkana Delta in competition with the Kenyan Turkana people for both land and water resources. The Nayangatom are cattle herders who use Omo River water for their animals. Those who are displaced internally rely on government and foreign support, which is not always well thought out. For example, the international community sent foods such as maize, which cannot be eaten raw and requires a lot of water to cook.", "Turkana County Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Turkana is the second largest, by land area, (after Marsabit County) and also the northwesternmost county in Kenya. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia, including the disputed Ilemi Triangle, to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to the east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot, Baringo and Samburu Counties, while Marsabit County is located on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana. Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918. During 1926, the entire Turkana people were subjugated to a body of the British military, who subsequently restricted their movements to an area of Kenya, forcing these to settle in the area known now as Turkana county. During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration."], "answer": {"text": "From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy.", "answer_start": 1602}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do the Turkana people originate from?", "answer": {"text": "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What language do the Turkana speak?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_914a915bb68d4ca8bc6045dd64620d95_0_q#4", "question": "Did Turkana have a significant impact on the wars?", "rewrite": "Did Turkana have a significant impact on World War I or World War II?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hard country inhabited by communities that were radically different from any the Turkana had encountered before. There were three communities living in close association and herding a variety of livestock that included exotic creatures with long necks and humps on their backs - the first camels the Ateker had encountered. Of the three societies, one appears to have made the most impact on the Turkana, they kept sheep, goats and camels like their associates but specialized in cattle. They had lighter-colored skin compared to the Turkana and they liberally smeared themselves with ochre - the Turkana called them the 'red people' and named them Kor. The Kor's kin were known to the Turkana as Rantalle and Poran. Together these allies controlled all the land stretching out before the Turkana to the east. There were three Turkana 'adakari' (i.e ateker) during the early 20th century. Turkana tradition states that the expansion to Turkwel had been carried out by two of these ateker, the 'Nithir' and the 'Ngamatak'. At Turkwel, the Nithir split in two, one section retaining the original name while the other was known as 'Nibelai'. As of 1888, Ngamtak was the name of the south-western frontier of Turkana territory. The Nithir name was said to derive from 'ithiger' (i.e Siger), an 'ornament' and the Nithir were said to be so called for their love of decoration. Turkana folklore records that as their early settlements expanded north, they reached a hill which came to be known as Moru Ang'issiger where they met another group of 'red people' who herded a distinctive type of long-horned black cattle.", "Turkana County Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Turkana is the second largest, by land area, (after Marsabit County) and also the northwesternmost county in Kenya. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia, including the disputed Ilemi Triangle, to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to the east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot, Baringo and Samburu Counties, while Marsabit County is located on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana. Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918. During 1926, the entire Turkana people were subjugated to a body of the British military, who subsequently restricted their movements to an area of Kenya, forcing these to settle in the area known now as Turkana county. During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration.", "provide a broad perspective of the prelude to the conflict between the Turkana and a community he refers to as Kor, a name by which the Turkana still call the Samburu in the present day. Lamphear notes that Tukana traditions aver that a dreamer among them saw strange animals living with the people up in the hills. Turkana warriors were thus sent forward to capture one of these strange beasts,which the dreamer said looked 'like giraffes, but with humps on their backs'. The young men therefore went and captured one of these beasts - the first camels the Turkana had seen. The owners of the strange beasts appear to have struck the Turkana as strange as well. The Turkana saw them as 'red' people, partly because of their lighter skin and partly because they daubed their hair and bodies with reddish clay. They thus gave them the name 'Kor'. Lamphear states that Turkana traditions agree that the Kor were very numerous and lived in close pastoral association with two other communities known as 'Rantalle' and 'Poran'. These are analogus with the preset day Rendille and Boran communities. According to Von H\u00f6hnel (1894) \"a few decades\" prior, the Burkineji occupied districts on the west of the lake and that they were later driven eastwards into present day Samburu. He later states that \"some fifty years ago the Turkana owned part of the land on the west now occupied by the Karamoyo, whilst the southern portion of their land belonged to the Burkineji. The Karamoyo drove the Turkana further east, and the Turkana, in their turn, pushed the Burkineji towards Samburuland\".", "Raising salinity could also drastically reduce the number of fish in the lake, which the people around Lake Turkana depend on for sustenance and their livelihoods. According to critics, this \"will condemn the lake to a not-so-slow death. \"[9] According to dam proponents, the impact on Lake Turkana will be limited to the temporary reduction in flows during the filling of the reservoir. Various sources state that the filling could take between one and three wet seasons.[9][26] The total storage volume of the reservoir of Gibe III dam will be between 11.75 and 14 billion cubic meter, depending on sources. According to the firm that builds the dam this would reduce the water level in the lake by \"less than 50 cm per year for three years\" and that salinity \"will not change in any way\".[26] According to the International Lake Environment Committee, 90% of Lake Turkana's water is delivered by the Omo River on which the Dam would be built.[31] With no outlet, Lake Turkana loses 2.3 meters of water every year to evaporation, and its level is sensitive to climatic and seasonal fluctuations. For purposes of comparison, the historic level of Lake Turkana declined from a high of 20m above today's level in the 1890s to the same level as today in the 1940s and 1950s. Then it increased again gradually by 7 metres to reach a peak around 1980, and subsequently decreased again.[31] The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ( ESIA) summary of the project did not assess the impact of the dam on the water level and water quality of Lake Turkana.[32] The director of Kenya's Water Services Regulatory Board, John Nyaoro, argued that the dam would have no negative impact on Lake Turkana.[33]", "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation. This cluster split as a result of internal differences, leading to the emergence of distinct independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups, who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The Turkana emerged victorious again by co-opting young people from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of the Turkana increased in what is now the northern plains of Turkana. The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a distinct group which expanded southwards conquering ethnic nations south of its borders. The Turkana people easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing superior tactics of war, better weapons and military organization. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully occupied by the Turkana and their allies. There was a relative long period of peace among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until the onset of European colonization of Africa. Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab, Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders. European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex enemy, the British. The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration. From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia. After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists."], "answer": {"text": "Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia.", "answer_start": 1742}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do the Turkana people originate from?", "answer": {"text": "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What language do the Turkana speak?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy.", "answer_start": 1602, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_914a915bb68d4ca8bc6045dd64620d95_0_q#5", "question": "What happened with Turkana after the liberation of Abyssinia?", "rewrite": "What happened to the Turkana people after the liberation of Abyssinia?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Turkana County Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Turkana is the second largest, by land area, (after Marsabit County) and also the northwesternmost county in Kenya. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia, including the disputed Ilemi Triangle, to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to the east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot, Baringo and Samburu Counties, while Marsabit County is located on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana. Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918. During 1926, the entire Turkana people were subjugated to a body of the British military, who subsequently restricted their movements to an area of Kenya, forcing these to settle in the area known now as Turkana county. During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration.", "FoLT works to ensure increased capacity to represent community interests in the extractives and development agenda within the community and Increase the use of research and evidence based data to inform changes in policy implementation to ensure public resources are used transparently and can be accounted for  FoLT advocates for the recognition of youth and women and other marginalized groups as key agents of change by ensuring their increased participation in decision making processes and demanding of accountability. Lake Turkana, in Northern Kenya, is a part of the 70,000-square-kilometer Turkana Basin, and is the most saline lake in east Africa. Because the Omo River provides Lake Turkana with 90% of its water, the planned Gilgel Gibe III Dam would lower the lake's water levels by 5\u201312 meters, changing its environment, chemistry, shoreline and ecology. This would also disrupt local economic practices including fishing, pastoralism and agricultural production. The dam site is 160 kilometers north of Lake Turkana, in the Lower Omo Valley. Dam construction began in 2006. FoLT has stated that the Gibe III dam will destroy important components of Lake Turkana's ecology, and the economy it provides for local people. FoLT has estimated that 200,000 people or more, belonging to eight ethnic groups, rely upon the lake for their sustenance. Friends of Lake Turkana has made efforts to increase awareness about the construction of the Gibe III Dam and its potential impact on Lake Turkana among local Turkana people. As a result of FoLT's activities, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank chose to cancel their funding of Gibe III. The organization has advocated for responsible ecological practices for further planned dams in Ethiopia.", "Ceramics belonging to these cultures are identified by \"Turkwell Tradition\" pottery characterized by repeated, deep horizontal grooves, and further grooves that radiate from these, likely produced by fish spines. Major Turkwell tradition sites in the region are Apeget and Lopoy both approximately 100 km north of Lokori, above the Turkwel River. Today Lokori is settled by the traditionally nomadic and pastoralist Turkana people, with many belonging to the Ngisonyoka Turkana group. Pastoralists around Lokori typically raise camels, cattle, sheep and goats. These are a measure of wealth, and are also used to trade for cash or maize, or traditionally exploited for consumption of milk and blood. One regional study found that in 1980-85, pastoralists outside Lokori lost over 50% of their stock to drought, with cattle especially affected, and camels most resilient. The study found that Lokori pastoralists were able to regain pre-drought stock numbers after three years of normal rains. Consistent with patterns found in the tropics, a 1974 study investigating hepatitis B prevalence found that 12% of the Turkana people in Lokori tested positive for the HB ag antigen.", "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation. This cluster split as a result of internal differences, leading to the emergence of distinct independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups, who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The Turkana emerged victorious again by co-opting young people from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of the Turkana increased in what is now the northern plains of Turkana. The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a distinct group which expanded southwards conquering ethnic nations south of its borders. The Turkana people easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing superior tactics of war, better weapons and military organization. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully occupied by the Turkana and their allies. There was a relative long period of peace among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until the onset of European colonization of Africa. Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab, Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders. European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex enemy, the British. The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration. From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia. After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists.", "\u201cThey have stopped our Turkana people from fishing, they have thrown us out of the pastures, we can\u2019t access the waters. We allowed our communities to continue fighting and competing over resources\u201d, he said. In 2011, an estimated 900 armed militia and 2,500 Ethiopian civilians on Kenyan territory around lake Turkana increased attacks against Kenyans. The Kenyan government claimed that these illegal immigrants had taken control of 10 Kenyan villages and vowed to send them back to Ethiopia. The dispute was driven both by territorial claims and access to water resources. The Turkana are frequently attacked by the Ethiopian tribes. In May 2011, a dozen Ethiopians allegedly killed Kenya\u2018s head of the Border Police, John Nunyes, a Kenyan Parliament member who visited the Turkana community. Before dramatic climate changes, the area inhabited by the Turkana peopleenabled the sustainability of livestock herds. This was because of the area's predictable rainfall and availability of land. Many people are now migrating toward the Turkana\u2019s territory and most Turkana tribesmen are suffering from the loss of pasture and access to water. The Daasanach share a traditional border with the Turkana. However, the border is moving toward south because of receding water. According to the \"Christian Science Monitor\", the Daasanach have begun cultivating the land and fishing using the waters of the River Omo-Lake Turkana Delta in competition with the Kenyan Turkana people for both land and water resources. The Nayangatom are cattle herders who use Omo River water for their animals. Those who are displaced internally rely on government and foreign support, which is not always well thought out. For example, the international community sent foods such as maize, which cannot be eaten raw and requires a lot of water to cook."], "answer": {"text": "After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists.", "answer_start": 1864}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do the Turkana people originate from?", "answer": {"text": "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What language do the Turkana speak?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy.", "answer_start": 1602, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Turkana have a significant impact on the wars?", "answer": {"text": "Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia.", "answer_start": 1742, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_914a915bb68d4ca8bc6045dd64620d95_0_q#6", "question": "What sort of religious history does Turkana have?", "rewrite": "What sort of religious history do the Turkana people have?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation. This cluster split as a result of internal differences, leading to the emergence of distinct independent groups. The Turkana people emerged as a victorious group in the subsequent conflict, which led to enmity between the Turkana and other Ateker cluster groups, who formed military alliances against the Turkana. The Turkana emerged victorious again by co-opting young people from conquered groups. The military power and wealth of the Turkana increased in what is now the northern plains of Turkana. The establishment of the Turkana people developed as a distinct group which expanded southwards conquering ethnic nations south of its borders. The Turkana people easily conquered groups it came in contact with by employing superior tactics of war, better weapons and military organization. By the 1600s, the Turkana basin had been fully occupied by the Turkana and their allies. There was a relative long period of peace among indigenous ethnic communities around Turkana until the onset of European colonization of Africa. Sporadic conflicts involved Turkana fights against Arab, Swahili and Abyssinian slave raiders and ivory traders. European colonization brought a new dimension to conflict with Turkana putting up a lasting resistance to a complex enemy, the British. The Turkana put up and maintained active resistance to British colonial advances leading to a passive presence of colonial administration. By the outbreak of World War I, few parts of Turkana had been put under colonial administration. From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy. Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia. After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists.", "\u201cThey have stopped our Turkana people from fishing, they have thrown us out of the pastures, we can\u2019t access the waters. We allowed our communities to continue fighting and competing over resources\u201d, he said. In 2011, an estimated 900 armed militia and 2,500 Ethiopian civilians on Kenyan territory around lake Turkana increased attacks against Kenyans. The Kenyan government claimed that these illegal immigrants had taken control of 10 Kenyan villages and vowed to send them back to Ethiopia. The dispute was driven both by territorial claims and access to water resources. The Turkana are frequently attacked by the Ethiopian tribes. In May 2011, a dozen Ethiopians allegedly killed Kenya\u2018s head of the Border Police, John Nunyes, a Kenyan Parliament member who visited the Turkana community. Before dramatic climate changes, the area inhabited by the Turkana peopleenabled the sustainability of livestock herds. This was because of the area's predictable rainfall and availability of land. Many people are now migrating toward the Turkana\u2019s territory and most Turkana tribesmen are suffering from the loss of pasture and access to water. The Daasanach share a traditional border with the Turkana. However, the border is moving toward south because of receding water. According to the \"Christian Science Monitor\", the Daasanach have begun cultivating the land and fishing using the waters of the River Omo-Lake Turkana Delta in competition with the Kenyan Turkana people for both land and water resources. The Nayangatom are cattle herders who use Omo River water for their animals. Those who are displaced internally rely on government and foreign support, which is not always well thought out. For example, the international community sent foods such as maize, which cannot be eaten raw and requires a lot of water to cook.", "Turkana County Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya. Turkana is the second largest, by land area, (after Marsabit County) and also the northwesternmost county in Kenya. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia, including the disputed Ilemi Triangle, to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to the east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot, Baringo and Samburu Counties, while Marsabit County is located on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana. Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along the west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in the past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. Direct influence by colonial forces, in the form of pacification within the district began in 1900 and ended in 1918. During 1926, the entire Turkana people were subjugated to a body of the British military, who subsequently restricted their movements to an area of Kenya, forcing these to settle in the area known now as Turkana county. During 1958, the district experienced an influx of a number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the British colonial administration.", "FoLT works to ensure increased capacity to represent community interests in the extractives and development agenda within the community and Increase the use of research and evidence based data to inform changes in policy implementation to ensure public resources are used transparently and can be accounted for  FoLT advocates for the recognition of youth and women and other marginalized groups as key agents of change by ensuring their increased participation in decision making processes and demanding of accountability. Lake Turkana, in Northern Kenya, is a part of the 70,000-square-kilometer Turkana Basin, and is the most saline lake in east Africa. Because the Omo River provides Lake Turkana with 90% of its water, the planned Gilgel Gibe III Dam would lower the lake's water levels by 5\u201312 meters, changing its environment, chemistry, shoreline and ecology. This would also disrupt local economic practices including fishing, pastoralism and agricultural production. The dam site is 160 kilometers north of Lake Turkana, in the Lower Omo Valley. Dam construction began in 2006. FoLT has stated that the Gibe III dam will destroy important components of Lake Turkana's ecology, and the economy it provides for local people. FoLT has estimated that 200,000 people or more, belonging to eight ethnic groups, rely upon the lake for their sustenance. Friends of Lake Turkana has made efforts to increase awareness about the construction of the Gibe III Dam and its potential impact on Lake Turkana among local Turkana people. As a result of FoLT's activities, the World Bank, the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank chose to cancel their funding of Gibe III. The organization has advocated for responsible ecological practices for further planned dams in Ethiopia.", "Ceramics belonging to these cultures are identified by \"Turkwell Tradition\" pottery characterized by repeated, deep horizontal grooves, and further grooves that radiate from these, likely produced by fish spines. Major Turkwell tradition sites in the region are Apeget and Lopoy both approximately 100 km north of Lokori, above the Turkwel River. Today Lokori is settled by the traditionally nomadic and pastoralist Turkana people, with many belonging to the Ngisonyoka Turkana group. Pastoralists around Lokori typically raise camels, cattle, sheep and goats. These are a measure of wealth, and are also used to trade for cash or maize, or traditionally exploited for consumption of milk and blood. One regional study found that in 1980-85, pastoralists outside Lokori lost over 50% of their stock to drought, with cattle especially affected, and camels most resilient. The study found that Lokori pastoralists were able to regain pre-drought stock numbers after three years of normal rains. Consistent with patterns found in the tropics, a 1974 study investigating hepatitis B prevalence found that 12% of the Turkana people in Lokori tested positive for the HB ag antigen."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Do the Turkana people have any special ceremonies that have been passed down from generation to generation??", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where do the Turkana people originate from?", "answer": {"text": "The Turkana entered Turkana basin from the north as one unit of the Ateker confederation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What language do the Turkana speak?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "From World War I through to the end of World War II, Turkana actively participated in the wars as allies of Britain against invading Italy.", "answer_start": 1602, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Turkana have a significant impact on the wars?", "answer": {"text": "Turkana was used as the launching pad for the war against invading Italian forces leading to the liberation of Abyssinia.", "answer_start": 1742, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with Turkana after the liberation of Abyssinia?", "answer": {"text": "After World War II, the British led disarmament and pacification campaigns in Turkana, leading to massive disruptions and dispossession of Turkana pastoralists.", "answer_start": 1864, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#0", "question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "rewrite": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Apocalyptic Love Apocalyptic Love is the second solo-project studio album by guitarist Slash. However, it is also the first studio album billed to . The band features vocalist Myles Kennedy, bassist Todd Kerns and drummer Brent Fitz in addition to Slash on guitar. Produced by Eric Valentine, it was released on May 22, 2012. During his first solo world tour, Slash announced his second studio album. Unlike his self-titled debut solo album, which featured a variety of singers including Chris Cornell, Ozzy Osbourne, M. Shadows, and Kid Rock, he said his second album would feature Alter Bridge vocalist Myles Kennedy as the sole singer. Kennedy had previously appeared on two songs from Slash's first album, and was later the vocalist of Slash's band on tour. Slash later said that his second album would be more of a collaboration album with Kennedy, and said he was unsure whether it would be released under his own name or a new name entirely. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011, and that December, three songs \u2014 \"Halo,\" \"Standing in the Sun\" and \"Bad Rain\" \u2014 had been recorded. Slash described the new material as \"very heavy. \" The album was finished in February 2012 and was given a May 22, 2012, release date. The first single, \"You're a Lie,\" was  released to rock radio on February 27, 2012; a 30-second preview of the song was released online with this announcement. Slash released the track listing for the album on March 5, 2012. Kennedy, who wrote the lyrics, has said that some of the lyrics on the album are about his past negative experiences with drugs. On March 26, 30 second samples from \"Apocalyptic Love\" were made available on Amazon.com.", "In September 2008, Slash began production on his debut solo album. He described the process of recording by himself as \"cathartic.\" He also mentioned working on the album gave him a chance to \"...take a little bit of a break from all the politics and the democracy that is a band and just sort of do my own thing for a little bit. Slash's wife Perla revealed that many different artists would appear on the album, saying, \"It's going to be Slash and friends, with everyone from Ozzy to Fergie.\" The album, simply titled Slash, debuted at No. 3 on the U.S. chart upon its release in April 2010. It featured an all-star roster of guest musicians, including Osbourne, Fergie of The Black Eyed Peas, Adam Levine of Maroon 5, M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold, Lemmy Kilmister of Motorhead, Dave Grohl, Chris Cornell and Iggy Pop. The album also features musical collaborations with former Guns N' Roses members Izzy Stradlin, Steven Adler and Duff McKagan. To promote the album, Slash embarked on his first solo world tour with Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge--who also appeared on the album--on vocals, Bobby Schneck on rhythm guitar, Todd Kerns on bass, and Brent Fitz on drums. Slash opened for Ozzy Osbourne for a leg of Osbourne's Scream World Tour. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011. He collaborated with his touring bandmates Myles Kennedy, Todd Kerns, and Brent Fitz, with the resulting album billed to \"Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators\". The album, titled Apocalyptic Love, was released on May 22, 2012, debuting at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.", "World on Fire (album) World on Fire is the second studio album billed to the American band Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators, consisting of Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash and his backup band, released on September 16, 2014; it also acts as Slash's third solo album. The album was written by Slash and Myles Kennedy while on the road, and produced by Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. Kennedy had focused on rhythm guitar and vocals on \"Apocalyptic Love\", but due to his touring with Alter Bridge he worked only on vocals for \"World On Fire\". Returning members Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz played bass and drums, respectively, on the album. The album was given a limited edition box set release which included a T-shirt and a new lenticular album cover. \"World on Fire\" received generally positive reviews from critics. \"Allmusic\" stated \"Everything hovers around the \"pretty good\" mark: Slash, naturally, stands out and his solos are nearly as pleasurable as his riffs, the Conspirators hit their marks with aplomb, as does Myles Kennedy, who never gets in the way of songs, not even ones he's written. As this train barrels on, there's the sense that the record never really started and will never really end, but such full-throttle indulgence may indeed be what some fans want, for there is a whole lot of bang for this buck.\" \"World on Fire\" entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number ten, selling 29,000 album-equivalent units in its first week of release. In the second week, the album dropped down 71 percent to No. 37 on the chart, selling 8,250 copies.", "The three international single releases from \"Slash\" were \"By the Sword\" featuring Wolfmother frontman Andrew Stockdale, \"Back from Cali\" featuring Alter Bridge frontman Myles Kennedy \u2013 both of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart \u2013 and the Fergie-featured \"Beautiful Dangerous\", which reached number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Top Heatseekers chart. Myles Kennedy was chosen to front Slash's solo band for the resulting promotional tour, and just a few months later \"Live in Manchester\", a live album documenting the group's performance at the Manchester Academy in July 2010, was released. The following year, \"Made in Stoke 24/7/11\" was released as a live album and video, which documented the band's performance at the Victoria Hall in Stoke-on-Trent, his childhood hometown, in July 2011. The release reached number eight on the \"Billboard\" Hard Rock Albums chart, and also charted in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In 2012, with Kennedy now a permanent part of his band, Slash released his second solo album \"Apocalyptic Love\", which reached a peak position of number four on the \"Billboard\" 200. The lead single, \"You're a Lie\", topped the Mainstream Rock chart, while other album tracks \"Standing in the Sun\" and \"Anastasia\" later made it into the top ten of the chart as well. As of April 2014, Slash is recording his third solo album with Kennedy and their band The Conspirators (Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz).", "Myles Kennedy discography The full discography of rock musician Myles Kennedy consists of fourteen studio albums, two concert films, four live albums, five extended plays, and thirteen singles in total, in addition to eleven studio tracks that he has appeared on as a featured artist, one of which was a single. Born in Boston on November 27, 1969, Kennedy is currently a member of the rock band Alter Bridge, with whom he has released four studio albums, two concert films, and several singles. He is also the frontman of Slash's touring group, and with Slash he has released a live album, \"Live in Manchester\", the first of a series of live albums released throughout the summer of 2010, and \"\", another live album released in 2011. In 2012, he released a collaboration studio album with Slash titled \"Apocalyptic Love\", which is billed to Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators, as well as the 2014 followup titled \"World on Fire\". With The Mayfield Four, he released two studio albums, two extended plays, and four singles; with Citizen Swing, two studio albums; and with Cosmic Dust, one studio album. <br >Notes:"], "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#1", "question": "What was the name of that project", "rewrite": "What was the name of solo side project by Myles Kennedy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Myles Kennedy discography The full discography of rock musician Myles Kennedy consists of fourteen studio albums, two concert films, four live albums, five extended plays, and thirteen singles in total, in addition to eleven studio tracks that he has appeared on as a featured artist, one of which was a single. Born in Boston on November 27, 1969, Kennedy is currently a member of the rock band Alter Bridge, with whom he has released four studio albums, two concert films, and several singles. He is also the frontman of Slash's touring group, and with Slash he has released a live album, \"Live in Manchester\", the first of a series of live albums released throughout the summer of 2010, and \"\", another live album released in 2011. In 2012, he released a collaboration studio album with Slash titled \"Apocalyptic Love\", which is billed to Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators, as well as the 2014 followup titled \"World on Fire\". With The Mayfield Four, he released two studio albums, two extended plays, and four singles; with Citizen Swing, two studio albums; and with Cosmic Dust, one studio album. <br >Notes:", "In September 2008, Slash began production on his debut solo album. He described the process of recording by himself as \"cathartic.\" He also mentioned working on the album gave him a chance to \"...take a little bit of a break from all the politics and the democracy that is a band and just sort of do my own thing for a little bit. Slash's wife Perla revealed that many different artists would appear on the album, saying, \"It's going to be Slash and friends, with everyone from Ozzy to Fergie.\" The album, simply titled Slash, debuted at No. 3 on the U.S. chart upon its release in April 2010. It featured an all-star roster of guest musicians, including Osbourne, Fergie of The Black Eyed Peas, Adam Levine of Maroon 5, M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold, Lemmy Kilmister of Motorhead, Dave Grohl, Chris Cornell and Iggy Pop. The album also features musical collaborations with former Guns N' Roses members Izzy Stradlin, Steven Adler and Duff McKagan. To promote the album, Slash embarked on his first solo world tour with Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge--who also appeared on the album--on vocals, Bobby Schneck on rhythm guitar, Todd Kerns on bass, and Brent Fitz on drums. Slash opened for Ozzy Osbourne for a leg of Osbourne's Scream World Tour. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011. He collaborated with his touring bandmates Myles Kennedy, Todd Kerns, and Brent Fitz, with the resulting album billed to \"Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators\". The album, titled Apocalyptic Love, was released on May 22, 2012, debuting at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.", "Side project In popular music, a side project is a project undertaken by one or more people already known for their involvement in another band. It can also be an artist or a band temporarily switching to a different style. Usually these projects emphasize a different aspect of that person's or that band's musical interests that they feel they cannot explore within the boundaries established by their main project. Side projects can later become full-time endeavours, but should not be confused with quitting a band for a solo career or another band. Peter Hartlaub of \"San Francisco Chronicle\" called the solo side project \"the biggest longshot bet in mainstream music\". \"The New York Times\" described the side project as \"a break from the other band members, a chance to toy with different genres and recording methods, a fling with no long-term commitment\". There can be aesthetic reasons to pursue side projects, and side projects can have the benefit of protecting indie credibility. One example of musical side projects is Kiss's decision in 1978 to have each member of the band, Gene Simmons, Paul Stanley, Ace Frehley and Peter Criss, simultaneously release solo albums. In 1992, The Melvins released solo EPs in a similar fashion. \"Side project\" may also refer to pursuits of famous individuals outside of their primary fields. For instance, Wicked Wisdom is a \"side project\" of actress Jada Pinkett Smith. Side projects often occur at a crossroads of a celebrity's career. A side project can also be a band that takes on an \"alter ego\", usually in order to play a different style of music that their fans are not used to. An example of this type of side project would be the band Weezer, who is also the Nirvana cover band Goat Punishment.", "World on Fire (album) World on Fire is the second studio album billed to the American band Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators, consisting of Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash and his backup band, released on September 16, 2014; it also acts as Slash's third solo album. The album was written by Slash and Myles Kennedy while on the road, and produced by Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. Kennedy had focused on rhythm guitar and vocals on \"Apocalyptic Love\", but due to his touring with Alter Bridge he worked only on vocals for \"World On Fire\". Returning members Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz played bass and drums, respectively, on the album. The album was given a limited edition box set release which included a T-shirt and a new lenticular album cover. \"World on Fire\" received generally positive reviews from critics. \"Allmusic\" stated \"Everything hovers around the \"pretty good\" mark: Slash, naturally, stands out and his solos are nearly as pleasurable as his riffs, the Conspirators hit their marks with aplomb, as does Myles Kennedy, who never gets in the way of songs, not even ones he's written. As this train barrels on, there's the sense that the record never really started and will never really end, but such full-throttle indulgence may indeed be what some fans want, for there is a whole lot of bang for this buck.\" \"World on Fire\" entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number ten, selling 29,000 album-equivalent units in its first week of release. In the second week, the album dropped down 71 percent to No. 37 on the chart, selling 8,250 copies.", "Apocalyptic Love Apocalyptic Love is the second solo-project studio album by guitarist Slash. However, it is also the first studio album billed to . The band features vocalist Myles Kennedy, bassist Todd Kerns and drummer Brent Fitz in addition to Slash on guitar. Produced by Eric Valentine, it was released on May 22, 2012. During his first solo world tour, Slash announced his second studio album. Unlike his self-titled debut solo album, which featured a variety of singers including Chris Cornell, Ozzy Osbourne, M. Shadows, and Kid Rock, he said his second album would feature Alter Bridge vocalist Myles Kennedy as the sole singer. Kennedy had previously appeared on two songs from Slash's first album, and was later the vocalist of Slash's band on tour. Slash later said that his second album would be more of a collaboration album with Kennedy, and said he was unsure whether it would be released under his own name or a new name entirely. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011, and that December, three songs \u2014 \"Halo,\" \"Standing in the Sun\" and \"Bad Rain\" \u2014 had been recorded. Slash described the new material as \"very heavy. \" The album was finished in February 2012 and was given a May 22, 2012, release date. The first single, \"You're a Lie,\" was  released to rock radio on February 27, 2012; a 30-second preview of the song was released online with this announcement. Slash released the track listing for the album on March 5, 2012. Kennedy, who wrote the lyrics, has said that some of the lyrics on the album are about his past negative experiences with drugs. On March 26, 30 second samples from \"Apocalyptic Love\" were made available on Amazon.com."], "answer": {"text": "Alter Bridge. He also said, \"It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting.\"", "answer_start": 739}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#2", "question": "Did he release any singles from that album?", "rewrite": "Did Myles Kennedy release any singles from the album Alter Bridge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["One Day Remains was released in 2004 on Wind-up Records. It received generally mixed to negative reviews and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Two other singles, \"Find the Real\" and \"Broken Wings\" were released. One Day Remains was the only album by a band with Kennedy as an official member that does not feature his guitar playing, before his 2014 album \"World On Fire\" as a part of Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. Following a successful tour in support of the album, Alter Bridge announced plans for a second release. The album, Blackbird, was released in 2007 on Universal Republic to mostly positive reviews. Unlike One Day Remains, which was largely written by Tremonti, Blackbird featured Kennedy's guitar playing as well as more of his songwriting contributions. Alter Bridge toured in support of Blackbird throughout 2007 and 2008, recording a concert film titled Live from Amsterdam and releasing it in 2009 via Amazon.com. It would later be released in stores in early 2011 after several delays. Alter Bridge took a temporary break in early 2009 with its members working on other projects, but the band continued writing music throughout the year. The band regrouped later that year to begin work on their third album, AB III, which was released in 2010 on Roadrunner Records worldwide, except for North America where the album was self-released on Alter Bridge Recordings via EMI. For the album, Kennedy chose to write lyrics based on his own personal experiences with faith and believing. As such, it is lyrically the band's darkest album, with Kennedy calling it the most personal album he had made since The Mayfield Four's Second Skin. AB III has received critical acclaim. A second concert film, Live at Wembley, was released on March 26, 2012.", "Alter Bridge Alter Bridge is an American rock band from Orlando, Florida. Formed in 2004, the group includes lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Myles Kennedy, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Mark Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall, and drummer Scott Phillips. After their former band Creed became inactive in 2003, Tremonti and Phillips formed a new group with former bandmate Marshall and new vocalist Kennedy, most recently of The Mayfield Four. The group was formally unveiled in January 2004, months before Creed's official breakup in June. After signing with Wind-up Records, Alter Bridge released its debut album \"One Day Remains\" in August 2004, much of which was written by Tremonti the previous year. The album reached No. 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 and, despite mixed reviews, was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in November 2004. This was followed in October 2007 by the more positively reviewed \"Blackbird\" on Universal Republic Records, which marked the beginning of a long partnership between the band and producer Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. The album reached No. 13 in the U.S. and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry. Creed reunited in 2009, while Kennedy fronted the solo touring band of guitarist Slash starting in 2010. Following continued activities with the members' other bands, Alter Bridge released \"AB III\" in October 2010, which achieved critical acclaim and commercial success on Roadrunner Records, with the album's lead single \"Isolation\" topping the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart. Alter Bridge released \"Fortress\" to further acclaim in September 2013, as the band's members continued splitting their time between various projects. \"", "Kennedy is best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the American hard rock band Alter Bridge. The band's origins lie in late 2003 when Kennedy was contacted by former Creed guitarist Mark Tremonti, who was interested in having Kennedy lay down vocal tracks for some songs he had recently written. Tremonti and drummer Scott Phillips had reunited with former bassist Brian Marshall who had left Creed in 2000 to form a new band. Alter Bridge, taking its name from an actual bridge that used to be located near Tremonti's home in Detroit, was officially formed in January 2004. Coinciding with the official announcement of Alter Bridge's formation was an announcement regarding their debut album, One Day Remains, along with the release of that album's lead single, \"Open Your Eyes.\" One Day Remains was released in 2004 on Wind-up Records. It received generally mixed to negative reviews and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Two other singles, \"Find the Real\" and \"Broken Wings\" were released. One Day Remains was the only album by a band with Kennedy as an official member that does not feature his guitar playing, before his 2014 album \"World On Fire\" as a part of Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. Following a successful tour in support of the album, Alter Bridge announced plans for a second release. The album, Blackbird, was released in 2007 on Universal Republic to mostly positive reviews. Unlike One Day Remains, which was largely written by Tremonti, Blackbird featured Kennedy's guitar playing as well as more of his songwriting contributions. Alter Bridge toured in support of Blackbird throughout 2007 and 2008, recording a concert film titled Live from Amsterdam and releasing it in 2009 via Amazon.com. It would later be released in stores in early 2011 after several delays.", "Blackbird (Alter Bridge song) \"Blackbird\" is a song by the American rock band Alter Bridge from their album of the same name, which was released on October 8, 2007, by Universal Republic. At nearly eight minutes long, it is the band's longest song to date. It has received critical acclaim since its release, having often been cited as the crowning point of both the album and the band's career by critics, fans, and the band members themselves. In March 2011, \"Guitarist\" magazine listed the song's guitar solo, which is performed by both Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti, as the greatest guitar solo of all time. \"Blackbird\" appears as the eighth track on Alter Bridge's 2007 album of the same name. It was composed and arranged by Alter Bridge, and the lyrics were written by lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Myles Kennedy, who said that the creation of the song was difficult and that it took a long time. \"We beat our heads against the wall for months,\" he told TuneLab, \"so when it finally came together it was a good moment.\" He also said that he feels that \"Blackbird\" is one of the most gratifying songs that the band has ever written. The song is inspired by Kennedy's friend Mark Morse, who died as the song was being written: Kennedy explained that the idea for the chorus of the song came from an experience in the recording studio: A live version of the song appears on the band's 2009 concert film \"Live from Amsterdam\". The opening guitar piece of The Beatles' song of the same name is performed by Kennedy as an introduction for the song. Reception towards \"Blackbird\" has been extremely positive since its release.", "All That Remains (album)  All That Remains is the third studio album from heavy metal group Fozzy. Unlike the two previous albums, All That Remains features all original songs as the band had dropped their spoof in favor of becoming a more recognized band rather than a gimmick, with the members using their actual names instead of stage names. It features Alter Bridge members Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti, Black Label Society's Zakk Wylde, rapper Bone Crusher, and Megadeth guitarist Marty Friedman. A remastered version of \"All That Remains\", entitled \"All That Remains: Reloaded\", was released on March 25, 2008. It is a two-disc set that features the album and a DVD called \"Live in the UK\". Prior to writing and recording the album, the band knew that they had their work cut out for them recording an all-original album for the first time. The band decided to record no filler material feeling every song had to be good. Rich Ward wrote all of the music and melodies while Jericho wrote the lyrics with Ed Aborn, a friend of the bands. The band recorded the album at Treesound Studios in Atlanta, and they used the same soundboard that was used on the album \"Synchronicity\" by the Police and Rush's \"Moving Pictures\". Elton John was also in the complex at the time recording his \"Peachtree Road\" album and Alter Bridge were recording their album \"One Day Remains\". Jericho went downstairs to Alter Bridge's studio and asked Mark Tremonti to do a guest solo on the track \" The Way I Am\", and Myles Kennedy laid down backing vocals. The bands producer was friends with Megadeth guitarist Marty Friedman who agreed to lay down a solo for \"Born of Anger\"."], "answer": {"text": "Kennedy had originally hoped that his album would be released in early 2010, digitally first and then on CD, but he has since put its release on hold.", "answer_start": 1116}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What was the name of that project", "answer": {"text": "Alter Bridge. He also said, \"It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting.\"", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#3", "question": "What did he do after Alter Bridge?", "rewrite": "What did Myles Kennedy do after Alter Bridge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alter Bridge Alter Bridge is an American rock band from Orlando, Florida. Formed in 2004, the group includes lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Myles Kennedy, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Mark Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall, and drummer Scott Phillips. After their former band Creed became inactive in 2003, Tremonti and Phillips formed a new group with former bandmate Marshall and new vocalist Kennedy, most recently of The Mayfield Four. The group was formally unveiled in January 2004, months before Creed's official breakup in June. After signing with Wind-up Records, Alter Bridge released its debut album \"One Day Remains\" in August 2004, much of which was written by Tremonti the previous year. The album reached No. 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 and, despite mixed reviews, was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in November 2004. This was followed in October 2007 by the more positively reviewed \"Blackbird\" on Universal Republic Records, which marked the beginning of a long partnership between the band and producer Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. The album reached No. 13 in the U.S. and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry. Creed reunited in 2009, while Kennedy fronted the solo touring band of guitarist Slash starting in 2010. Following continued activities with the members' other bands, Alter Bridge released \"AB III\" in October 2010, which achieved critical acclaim and commercial success on Roadrunner Records, with the album's lead single \"Isolation\" topping the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart. Alter Bridge released \"Fortress\" to further acclaim in September 2013, as the band's members continued splitting their time between various projects. \"", "The Last Hero\" followed on Napalm Records in October 2016, becoming the band's first album since its debut to reach the top ten of the \"Billboard\" 200, and its first to reach the top five of the UK Albums Chart. Alter Bridge's sixth studio album, \"Walk the Sky\", was released on October 18, 2019. Alter Bridge lead guitarist and founder Mark Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall, and drummer Scott Phillips were members of the rock band Creed with lead vocalist Scott Stapp, achieving significant mainstream success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. After releasing two successful albums, \"My Own Prison\" (1997) and \"Human Clay\" (1999), Marshall left Creed in 2000, which was followed by the release of their third album, \"Weathered\" in 2001. The band became inactive in 2003 following the conclusion of a controversial tour. That year, Tremonti began writing new material with plans of forming a new band with Phillips and Marshall. Being fans of Myles Kennedy's former band, The Mayfield Four, they invited him to join as their new lead vocalist. They named the new band Alter Bridge, after an actual bridge near Tremonti's home on Alter Road in Detroit, and subsequently began recording their debut album. Citing creative differences and increasing tension between Stapp and the other band members, Creed officially broke up in June 2004. Coincidentally, Alter Bridge released their debut single \"Open Your Eyes\" on June 11, 2004. The band members felt as if Creed had \"run their course\" and were determined to focus on their future with their new singer. Alter Bridge's debut album, \"One Day Remains\", was released on August 10, 2004 by Wind-up Records and received mixed reviews.", "Kennedy is best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the American hard rock band Alter Bridge. The band's origins lie in late 2003 when Kennedy was contacted by former Creed guitarist Mark Tremonti, who was interested in having Kennedy lay down vocal tracks for some songs he had recently written. Tremonti and drummer Scott Phillips had reunited with former bassist Brian Marshall who had left Creed in 2000 to form a new band. Alter Bridge, taking its name from an actual bridge that used to be located near Tremonti's home in Detroit, was officially formed in January 2004. Coinciding with the official announcement of Alter Bridge's formation was an announcement regarding their debut album, One Day Remains, along with the release of that album's lead single, \"Open Your Eyes.\" One Day Remains was released in 2004 on Wind-up Records. It received generally mixed to negative reviews and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Two other singles, \"Find the Real\" and \"Broken Wings\" were released. One Day Remains was the only album by a band with Kennedy as an official member that does not feature his guitar playing, before his 2014 album \"World On Fire\" as a part of Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. Following a successful tour in support of the album, Alter Bridge announced plans for a second release. The album, Blackbird, was released in 2007 on Universal Republic to mostly positive reviews. Unlike One Day Remains, which was largely written by Tremonti, Blackbird featured Kennedy's guitar playing as well as more of his songwriting contributions. Alter Bridge toured in support of Blackbird throughout 2007 and 2008, recording a concert film titled Live from Amsterdam and releasing it in 2009 via Amazon.com. It would later be released in stores in early 2011 after several delays.", "Blackbird (Alter Bridge song) \"Blackbird\" is a song by the American rock band Alter Bridge from their album of the same name, which was released on October 8, 2007, by Universal Republic. At nearly eight minutes long, it is the band's longest song to date. It has received critical acclaim since its release, having often been cited as the crowning point of both the album and the band's career by critics, fans, and the band members themselves. In March 2011, \"Guitarist\" magazine listed the song's guitar solo, which is performed by both Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti, as the greatest guitar solo of all time. \"Blackbird\" appears as the eighth track on Alter Bridge's 2007 album of the same name. It was composed and arranged by Alter Bridge, and the lyrics were written by lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Myles Kennedy, who said that the creation of the song was difficult and that it took a long time. \"We beat our heads against the wall for months,\" he told TuneLab, \"so when it finally came together it was a good moment.\" He also said that he feels that \"Blackbird\" is one of the most gratifying songs that the band has ever written. The song is inspired by Kennedy's friend Mark Morse, who died as the song was being written: Kennedy explained that the idea for the chorus of the song came from an experience in the recording studio: A live version of the song appears on the band's 2009 concert film \"Live from Amsterdam\". The opening guitar piece of The Beatles' song of the same name is performed by Kennedy as an introduction for the song. Reception towards \"Blackbird\" has been extremely positive since its release.", "All That Remains (album)  All That Remains is the third studio album from heavy metal group Fozzy. Unlike the two previous albums, All That Remains features all original songs as the band had dropped their spoof in favor of becoming a more recognized band rather than a gimmick, with the members using their actual names instead of stage names. It features Alter Bridge members Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti, Black Label Society's Zakk Wylde, rapper Bone Crusher, and Megadeth guitarist Marty Friedman. A remastered version of \"All That Remains\", entitled \"All That Remains: Reloaded\", was released on March 25, 2008. It is a two-disc set that features the album and a DVD called \"Live in the UK\". Prior to writing and recording the album, the band knew that they had their work cut out for them recording an all-original album for the first time. The band decided to record no filler material feeling every song had to be good. Rich Ward wrote all of the music and melodies while Jericho wrote the lyrics with Ed Aborn, a friend of the bands. The band recorded the album at Treesound Studios in Atlanta, and they used the same soundboard that was used on the album \"Synchronicity\" by the Police and Rush's \"Moving Pictures\". Elton John was also in the complex at the time recording his \"Peachtree Road\" album and Alter Bridge were recording their album \"One Day Remains\". Jericho went downstairs to Alter Bridge's studio and asked Mark Tremonti to do a guest solo on the track \" The Way I Am\", and Myles Kennedy laid down backing vocals. The bands producer was friends with Megadeth guitarist Marty Friedman who agreed to lay down a solo for \"Born of Anger\"."], "answer": {"text": "said that he is still too busy to release the album as he stated that he would like to tour to promote it, but he wanted to release it", "answer_start": 1288}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What was the name of that project", "answer": {"text": "Alter Bridge. He also said, \"It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting.\"", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Kennedy had originally hoped that his album would be released in early 2010, digitally first and then on CD, but he has since put its release on hold.", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#4", "question": "What other significant things have happened to Kennedy in his solo career", "rewrite": "Did any significant thing happen to Myles Kennedy besides his album Alter bridge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alter Bridge Alter Bridge is an American rock band from Orlando, Florida. Formed in 2004, the group includes lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Myles Kennedy, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Mark Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall, and drummer Scott Phillips. After their former band Creed became inactive in 2003, Tremonti and Phillips formed a new group with former bandmate Marshall and new vocalist Kennedy, most recently of The Mayfield Four. The group was formally unveiled in January 2004, months before Creed's official breakup in June. After signing with Wind-up Records, Alter Bridge released its debut album \"One Day Remains\" in August 2004, much of which was written by Tremonti the previous year. The album reached No. 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 and, despite mixed reviews, was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in November 2004. This was followed in October 2007 by the more positively reviewed \"Blackbird\" on Universal Republic Records, which marked the beginning of a long partnership between the band and producer Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. The album reached No. 13 in the U.S. and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry. Creed reunited in 2009, while Kennedy fronted the solo touring band of guitarist Slash starting in 2010. Following continued activities with the members' other bands, Alter Bridge released \"AB III\" in October 2010, which achieved critical acclaim and commercial success on Roadrunner Records, with the album's lead single \"Isolation\" topping the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart. Alter Bridge released \"Fortress\" to further acclaim in September 2013, as the band's members continued splitting their time between various projects. \"", "The Last Hero\" followed on Napalm Records in October 2016, becoming the band's first album since its debut to reach the top ten of the \"Billboard\" 200, and its first to reach the top five of the UK Albums Chart. Alter Bridge's sixth studio album, \"Walk the Sky\", was released on October 18, 2019. Alter Bridge lead guitarist and founder Mark Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall, and drummer Scott Phillips were members of the rock band Creed with lead vocalist Scott Stapp, achieving significant mainstream success in the late 1990s and early 2000s. After releasing two successful albums, \"My Own Prison\" (1997) and \"Human Clay\" (1999), Marshall left Creed in 2000, which was followed by the release of their third album, \"Weathered\" in 2001. The band became inactive in 2003 following the conclusion of a controversial tour. That year, Tremonti began writing new material with plans of forming a new band with Phillips and Marshall. Being fans of Myles Kennedy's former band, The Mayfield Four, they invited him to join as their new lead vocalist. They named the new band Alter Bridge, after an actual bridge near Tremonti's home on Alter Road in Detroit, and subsequently began recording their debut album. Citing creative differences and increasing tension between Stapp and the other band members, Creed officially broke up in June 2004. Coincidentally, Alter Bridge released their debut single \"Open Your Eyes\" on June 11, 2004. The band members felt as if Creed had \"run their course\" and were determined to focus on their future with their new singer. Alter Bridge's debut album, \"One Day Remains\", was released on August 10, 2004 by Wind-up Records and received mixed reviews.", "Kennedy is best known as the lead vocalist and guitarist of the American hard rock band Alter Bridge. The band's origins lie in late 2003 when Kennedy was contacted by former Creed guitarist Mark Tremonti, who was interested in having Kennedy lay down vocal tracks for some songs he had recently written. Tremonti and drummer Scott Phillips had reunited with former bassist Brian Marshall who had left Creed in 2000 to form a new band. Alter Bridge, taking its name from an actual bridge that used to be located near Tremonti's home in Detroit, was officially formed in January 2004. Coinciding with the official announcement of Alter Bridge's formation was an announcement regarding their debut album, One Day Remains, along with the release of that album's lead single, \"Open Your Eyes.\" One Day Remains was released in 2004 on Wind-up Records. It received generally mixed to negative reviews and was certified Gold by the RIAA. Two other singles, \"Find the Real\" and \"Broken Wings\" were released. One Day Remains was the only album by a band with Kennedy as an official member that does not feature his guitar playing, before his 2014 album \"World On Fire\" as a part of Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators. Following a successful tour in support of the album, Alter Bridge announced plans for a second release. The album, Blackbird, was released in 2007 on Universal Republic to mostly positive reviews. Unlike One Day Remains, which was largely written by Tremonti, Blackbird featured Kennedy's guitar playing as well as more of his songwriting contributions. Alter Bridge toured in support of Blackbird throughout 2007 and 2008, recording a concert film titled Live from Amsterdam and releasing it in 2009 via Amazon.com. It would later be released in stores in early 2011 after several delays.", "All That Remains (album)  All That Remains is the third studio album from heavy metal group Fozzy. Unlike the two previous albums, All That Remains features all original songs as the band had dropped their spoof in favor of becoming a more recognized band rather than a gimmick, with the members using their actual names instead of stage names. It features Alter Bridge members Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti, Black Label Society's Zakk Wylde, rapper Bone Crusher, and Megadeth guitarist Marty Friedman. A remastered version of \"All That Remains\", entitled \"All That Remains: Reloaded\", was released on March 25, 2008. It is a two-disc set that features the album and a DVD called \"Live in the UK\". Prior to writing and recording the album, the band knew that they had their work cut out for them recording an all-original album for the first time. The band decided to record no filler material feeling every song had to be good. Rich Ward wrote all of the music and melodies while Jericho wrote the lyrics with Ed Aborn, a friend of the bands. The band recorded the album at Treesound Studios in Atlanta, and they used the same soundboard that was used on the album \"Synchronicity\" by the Police and Rush's \"Moving Pictures\". Elton John was also in the complex at the time recording his \"Peachtree Road\" album and Alter Bridge were recording their album \"One Day Remains\". Jericho went downstairs to Alter Bridge's studio and asked Mark Tremonti to do a guest solo on the track \" The Way I Am\", and Myles Kennedy laid down backing vocals. The bands producer was friends with Megadeth guitarist Marty Friedman who agreed to lay down a solo for \"Born of Anger\".", "Blackbird (Alter Bridge song) \"Blackbird\" is a song by the American rock band Alter Bridge from their album of the same name, which was released on October 8, 2007, by Universal Republic. At nearly eight minutes long, it is the band's longest song to date. It has received critical acclaim since its release, having often been cited as the crowning point of both the album and the band's career by critics, fans, and the band members themselves. In March 2011, \"Guitarist\" magazine listed the song's guitar solo, which is performed by both Myles Kennedy and Mark Tremonti, as the greatest guitar solo of all time. \"Blackbird\" appears as the eighth track on Alter Bridge's 2007 album of the same name. It was composed and arranged by Alter Bridge, and the lyrics were written by lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Myles Kennedy, who said that the creation of the song was difficult and that it took a long time. \"We beat our heads against the wall for months,\" he told TuneLab, \"so when it finally came together it was a good moment.\" He also said that he feels that \"Blackbird\" is one of the most gratifying songs that the band has ever written. The song is inspired by Kennedy's friend Mark Morse, who died as the song was being written: Kennedy explained that the idea for the chorus of the song came from an experience in the recording studio: A live version of the song appears on the band's 2009 concert film \"Live from Amsterdam\". The opening guitar piece of The Beatles' song of the same name is performed by Kennedy as an introduction for the song. Reception towards \"Blackbird\" has been extremely positive since its release."], "answer": {"text": "In 2017, he said he shelved the songs he had written and started over.", "answer_start": 844}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What was the name of that project", "answer": {"text": "Alter Bridge. He also said, \"It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting.\"", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Kennedy had originally hoped that his album would be released in early 2010, digitally first and then on CD, but he has since put its release on hold.", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What did he do after Alter Bridge?", "answer": {"text": "said that he is still too busy to release the album as he stated that he would like to tour to promote it, but he wanted to release it", "answer_start": 1288, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#5", "question": "What is a song from the album?", "rewrite": "What song, Kennedy Myles wrote over from the album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Highways and Honky Tonks  Highways & Honky Tonks is the fourth album by Heather Myles, and the first with her new record company Rounder Records. There is a cover of the old Charley Pride song \"Kiss an Angel Good Morning,\" and Merle Haggard drops in for a guest appearance on the duet \"No One Is Gonna Love You Better.\" Myles wrote ten of the twelve songs herself. Billboard said that Myles \"hit a home run\" with \"Highway and Honky Tonks\". Alternatively, Richie Unterberger of AllMusic said that while the album's lyrics were not original, Unterberger believed Myles' honesty and performance was excellent. When reviewing the songs, \"No Depression\" believed the song that did not sound good was \"No One Is Gonna Love You Better\", calling it \"the album's only real weak moment\".", "Myles' leadership of the Project represented a generational shift away from the church's base, which until then been run by the second generation members of the New York School. Program Coordinators in this period were Patricia Spears Jones, and Jessica Hagedorn, and Myles invited Alice Notley and Dennis Cooper to teach. Charles Bernstein ran the lecture series, Chris Kraus, Marc Nasdor, and Richard Elovich coordinated performance, Tim Dlugos and James Ruggia edited the Newsletter. During Myles tenure at St. Mark's, Myles performed \"An American Poem\" for the first time at P.S. 122. In 1991\u20131992 Myles conducted an \"openly female\" write-in campaign for the office of President of the United States from the East Village that spiraled into a project of national interest. Part performance art, part protest, this gesture was meant to offer an alternative glimpse into what progressive, radical, and socially committed politics could look like. Zoe Leonard's 1992 samizdat poem, \"I want a president\", which begins with the line: \"I want a dyke for president\", was written to celebrate Myles's presidential run. Beginning in 2002, Myles began serving as a Professor of Writing at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD); they directed the writing program for five years before they left. UCSD funded the research and travel grant that enabled the creation of \"Inferno\" (2010), as well as \"Hell\", an opera composed by Michael Webster, for which Myles wrote the libretto. Since leaving UCSD in 2007, Myles has been a Visiting Writer at Bard College, Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at Naropa University, Washington University, University of Montana-Missoula, Columbia's School of the Arts, and New York University.", "List of songs recorded by Myles Kennedy Myles Kennedy is an American musician, singer and songwriter. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, he originally began his musical career in Spokane, Washington as the guitarist in jazz band Cosmic Dust. He formed alternative rock band Citizen Swing in 1992, which released two albums before breaking up in 1996. Kennedy and Citizen Swing rhythm guitarist Craig Johnson moved onto The Mayfield Four in 1996, which released two albums during its six-year tenure. Since early 2004, the vocalist's primary band has been Alter Bridge, which he founded with former Creed guitarist Mark Tremonti, bassist Brian Marshall and drummer Scott Phillips. Outside of his bands, Kennedy has recorded with a range of artists including Big Wreck on \"Breakthrough\" in 2001, Fozzy on \"Nameless Faceless\" in 2005, and Sevendust on \"Sorrow\" in 2008. In 2009, he recorded vocals for two songs on the eponymous debut solo album by former Guns N' Roses and Velvet Revolver guitarist Slash, \"Back from Cali\" and \"Starlight\", released the following year. He was later selected by Slash as the vocalist for his solo touring band. Slash and Kennedy, along with The Conspirators (Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz), released \"Apocalyptic Love\" in 2012, which was written by the pair. The following year, they collaborated on the title track for the Slash-produced film \" Nothing Left to Fear\", and in 2014 the collective released its second album \"World on Fire\", which was again written by Slash and Kennedy. Kennedy continued to collaborate with other artists, featuring on the 2013 \"guest version\" of \"Here's to Us\" by Halestorm alongside Slash, Shinedown's Brent Smith, 's James Michael, Theory of a Deadman's Tyler Connolly, Disturbed's David Draiman and In This Moment's Maria Brink.", "2:2011-cv-02036) supports the claim by Fantasy Games Unlimited that the owner properly followed procedure to continue with the obligations of the New York business entity in continued operations as the Arizona entity. The case also asserts further that at the time of its dissolution in New York, FGU was current on all obligations with that state and in good standing which then devolved into the entity currently operating simply as Fantasy Games Unlimited. A judgment given on July 11, 2012, on the first two counts of case no. 2:2011-cv-02036 in U.S. Federal court , Arizona district ruled in favor siding with Scott Bizar resulting in Jeff Dee and Jack Herman being found guilty of defamation and unfair business practice causing unspecified damages to the plaintiff. More judgments on other counts were still pending as of that date. The judgment ordered (not withstanding any other punitive measures to be determined for damages on all counts) the defendants within 30 days to post conspicuously in every place on the internet a retraction/corrective measure where their false statements have been posted. In January 2013, the U.S. District Court of Arizona found that Jeff Dee and Jack Herman own all copyrights to \"Villains and Vigilantes\", including the previously contracted to Fantasy Games Unlimited. Additionally the court found that Fantasy Games Unlimited had been using Dee's and Herman's (the game creators') copyrighted material without permission by selling merchandise like T-shirts, comic books, and video games. Finally, court found that Fantasy Games Unlimited had legally abandoned its trademark rights to the title \"Villains and Vigilantes\" due to disuse. On February 19, Scott Bizar filed an appeal with the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.", "Myles Burton Kennedy Myles Burton Kennedy (1862\u20131928) was a Furness ironmaster, proprietor of Roanhead mines and chairman of the North Lonsdale Iron & Steel Company. Myles B. Kennedy's grandfather was Charles Storr Kennedy who, with Henry Kennedy of Brighton held 4 X 1/18th shares in the Ulverston Mining Company when it was established in 1838. C. S. Kennedy's shares were sold to Alexander Brogden before 1857. By then he had taken leases on Green Haume, Mackinon and Roanhead mines. Greenhaume was soon exhausted and the Askham mine was lost in the legal dispute, Wakefield v Buccleuch, but Roanhead was a winner. The first Myles Kenedy was born at Fair View in 1835. He was educated at the Royal School of Mines. He married Margaret Rowley in 1861 and had 15 children. He was also a captain in the volunteer corps. Charles Storr Kennedy died in 1857 and his sons Charles Burton and Myles carried on the business as \"Kennedy Brothers\". C. B. Kennedy died in 1865. His brother commissioned Stone Cross in 1874 and was made vice chairman of the North Lonsdale Ironworks Co at its inauguration in 1873. He died in 1883. On the death of his father, Myles Burton inherited a controlling interest in the firm of Kennedy Brothers He was appointed to the board of the North Lonsdale ironworks in 1889 and later became chairman. He also became chairman of the Whitehaven Haematite Iron Co. He was managing owner of the steam ketch \"Harvest\" from 1890. On his death he was succeeded as proprietor of Roanhead mines by his son, Nigel. In his youth he played football and cricket for Ulverston and was vice president of the hound trail association at its inauguration. As Wor Bro."], "answer": {"text": "He has also been at work on his solo project off and on since 2009. His debut solo album, Year of the Tiger, was released on March 9, 2018.", "answer_start": 1162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What was the name of that project", "answer": {"text": "Alter Bridge. He also said, \"It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting.\"", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Kennedy had originally hoped that his album would be released in early 2010, digitally first and then on CD, but he has since put its release on hold.", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What did he do after Alter Bridge?", "answer": {"text": "said that he is still too busy to release the album as he stated that he would like to tour to promote it, but he wanted to release it", "answer_start": 1288, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What other significant things have happened to Kennedy in his solo career", "answer": {"text": "In 2017, he said he shelved the songs he had written and started over.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 4}}]}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#6", "question": "Did he win any awards for year of the tiger?", "rewrite": "Did  Myles Kennedy win any awards for  his solo album year of the tiger?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["World on Fire (album) World on Fire is the second studio album billed to the American band Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators, consisting of Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash and his backup band, released on September 16, 2014; it also acts as Slash's third solo album. The album was written by Slash and Myles Kennedy while on the road, and produced by Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. Kennedy had focused on rhythm guitar and vocals on \"Apocalyptic Love\", but due to his touring with Alter Bridge he worked only on vocals for \"World On Fire\". Returning members Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz played bass and drums, respectively, on the album. The album was given a limited edition box set release which included a T-shirt and a new lenticular album cover. \"World on Fire\" received generally positive reviews from critics. \"Allmusic\" stated \"Everything hovers around the \"pretty good\" mark: Slash, naturally, stands out and his solos are nearly as pleasurable as his riffs, the Conspirators hit their marks with aplomb, as does Myles Kennedy, who never gets in the way of songs, not even ones he's written. As this train barrels on, there's the sense that the record never really started and will never really end, but such full-throttle indulgence may indeed be what some fans want, for there is a whole lot of bang for this buck.\" \"World on Fire\" entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number ten, selling 29,000 album-equivalent units in its first week of release. In the second week, the album dropped down 71 percent to No. 37 on the chart, selling 8,250 copies.", "Year of the Tiger (Myles Kennedy album) Year of the Tiger is the debut studio album by American musician and singer-songwriter Myles Kennedy. His first release as a solo artist, it was released on March 9, 2018, by Napalm Records. The album is a musical departure from the hard rock music of Kennedy's other projects, instead featuring a stripped-back blues-based sound. A concept album, it explores the death of Kennedy's father in 1974, the year of the Tiger in the Chinese calendar. Initial reaction for \"Year of the Tiger\" from music critics has been highly favorable. Hannah May Kilroy of \"Classic Rock\" gave the album 4 out of 5 stars, writing, \"essentially \"Year Of The Tiger\" sounds like Alter Bridge relocated to the deep south \u2013 if they swapped their hard rock riffs for bluesy twangs\" and \"the final message is one of finding hope in the darkness, and it\u2019s evident that making \"Year Of The Tiger\" has been a therapeutic experience for Kennedy and should be celebrated. \" Cryptic Rock's Vito Lanzi gave the album a perfect 5-star rating, and commented that \"with \"Year of the Tiger\", Kennedy has really found his own individuality as a musician and is proud of his accomplishments.\" \"Daily Express\" writer Paul Davies was also positive towards the album, concluding that \"As though created from the confessional booth of inward reflection and conveyed with brutal honesty, Kennedy gloriously rides the tiger across all the tracks with emotional and musical aplomb.\" Loudwire's Chad Childers described the album as \"not a Slash rehash or Alter Bridge minus Mark Tremonti\"", "In September 2008, Slash began production on his debut solo album. He described the process of recording by himself as \"cathartic.\" He also mentioned working on the album gave him a chance to \"...take a little bit of a break from all the politics and the democracy that is a band and just sort of do my own thing for a little bit. Slash's wife Perla revealed that many different artists would appear on the album, saying, \"It's going to be Slash and friends, with everyone from Ozzy to Fergie.\" The album, simply titled Slash, debuted at No. 3 on the U.S. chart upon its release in April 2010. It featured an all-star roster of guest musicians, including Osbourne, Fergie of The Black Eyed Peas, Adam Levine of Maroon 5, M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold, Lemmy Kilmister of Motorhead, Dave Grohl, Chris Cornell and Iggy Pop. The album also features musical collaborations with former Guns N' Roses members Izzy Stradlin, Steven Adler and Duff McKagan. To promote the album, Slash embarked on his first solo world tour with Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge--who also appeared on the album--on vocals, Bobby Schneck on rhythm guitar, Todd Kerns on bass, and Brent Fitz on drums. Slash opened for Ozzy Osbourne for a leg of Osbourne's Scream World Tour. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011. He collaborated with his touring bandmates Myles Kennedy, Todd Kerns, and Brent Fitz, with the resulting album billed to \"Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators\". The album, titled Apocalyptic Love, was released on May 22, 2012, debuting at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.", "The three international single releases from \"Slash\" were \"By the Sword\" featuring Wolfmother frontman Andrew Stockdale, \"Back from Cali\" featuring Alter Bridge frontman Myles Kennedy \u2013 both of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart \u2013 and the Fergie-featured \"Beautiful Dangerous\", which reached number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Top Heatseekers chart. Myles Kennedy was chosen to front Slash's solo band for the resulting promotional tour, and just a few months later \"Live in Manchester\", a live album documenting the group's performance at the Manchester Academy in July 2010, was released. The following year, \"Made in Stoke 24/7/11\" was released as a live album and video, which documented the band's performance at the Victoria Hall in Stoke-on-Trent, his childhood hometown, in July 2011. The release reached number eight on the \"Billboard\" Hard Rock Albums chart, and also charted in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In 2012, with Kennedy now a permanent part of his band, Slash released his second solo album \"Apocalyptic Love\", which reached a peak position of number four on the \"Billboard\" 200. The lead single, \"You're a Lie\", topped the Mainstream Rock chart, while other album tracks \"Standing in the Sun\" and \"Anastasia\" later made it into the top ten of the chart as well. As of April 2014, Slash is recording his third solo album with Kennedy and their band The Conspirators (Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz).", "Apocalyptic Love Apocalyptic Love is the second solo-project studio album by guitarist Slash. However, it is also the first studio album billed to . The band features vocalist Myles Kennedy, bassist Todd Kerns and drummer Brent Fitz in addition to Slash on guitar. Produced by Eric Valentine, it was released on May 22, 2012. During his first solo world tour, Slash announced his second studio album. Unlike his self-titled debut solo album, which featured a variety of singers including Chris Cornell, Ozzy Osbourne, M. Shadows, and Kid Rock, he said his second album would feature Alter Bridge vocalist Myles Kennedy as the sole singer. Kennedy had previously appeared on two songs from Slash's first album, and was later the vocalist of Slash's band on tour. Slash later said that his second album would be more of a collaboration album with Kennedy, and said he was unsure whether it would be released under his own name or a new name entirely. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011, and that December, three songs \u2014 \"Halo,\" \"Standing in the Sun\" and \"Bad Rain\" \u2014 had been recorded. Slash described the new material as \"very heavy. \" The album was finished in February 2012 and was given a May 22, 2012, release date. The first single, \"You're a Lie,\" was  released to rock radio on February 27, 2012; a 30-second preview of the song was released online with this announcement. Slash released the track listing for the album on March 5, 2012. Kennedy, who wrote the lyrics, has said that some of the lyrics on the album are about his past negative experiences with drugs. On March 26, 30 second samples from \"Apocalyptic Love\" were made available on Amazon.com."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What was the name of that project", "answer": {"text": "Alter Bridge. He also said, \"It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting.\"", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Kennedy had originally hoped that his album would be released in early 2010, digitally first and then on CD, but he has since put its release on hold.", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What did he do after Alter Bridge?", "answer": {"text": "said that he is still too busy to release the album as he stated that he would like to tour to promote it, but he wanted to release it", "answer_start": 1288, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What other significant things have happened to Kennedy in his solo career", "answer": {"text": "In 2017, he said he shelved the songs he had written and started over.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 4}}, {"question": "What is a song from the album?", "answer": {"text": "He has also been at work on his solo project off and on since 2009. His debut solo album, Year of the Tiger, was released on March 9, 2018.", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 4}}]}
{"qid": "C_edd1fcac88a3467d903247d6fb736050_1_q#7", "question": "Did he ever release any singles?", "rewrite": "Did Myles Kennedy ever release any single besides his solo album year of the tiger?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The three international single releases from \"Slash\" were \"By the Sword\" featuring Wolfmother frontman Andrew Stockdale, \"Back from Cali\" featuring Alter Bridge frontman Myles Kennedy \u2013 both of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock chart \u2013 and the Fergie-featured \"Beautiful Dangerous\", which reached number 11 on the \"Billboard\" Top Heatseekers chart. Myles Kennedy was chosen to front Slash's solo band for the resulting promotional tour, and just a few months later \"Live in Manchester\", a live album documenting the group's performance at the Manchester Academy in July 2010, was released. The following year, \"Made in Stoke 24/7/11\" was released as a live album and video, which documented the band's performance at the Victoria Hall in Stoke-on-Trent, his childhood hometown, in July 2011. The release reached number eight on the \"Billboard\" Hard Rock Albums chart, and also charted in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. In 2012, with Kennedy now a permanent part of his band, Slash released his second solo album \"Apocalyptic Love\", which reached a peak position of number four on the \"Billboard\" 200. The lead single, \"You're a Lie\", topped the Mainstream Rock chart, while other album tracks \"Standing in the Sun\" and \"Anastasia\" later made it into the top ten of the chart as well. As of April 2014, Slash is recording his third solo album with Kennedy and their band The Conspirators (Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz).", "Apocalyptic Love Apocalyptic Love is the second solo-project studio album by guitarist Slash. However, it is also the first studio album billed to . The band features vocalist Myles Kennedy, bassist Todd Kerns and drummer Brent Fitz in addition to Slash on guitar. Produced by Eric Valentine, it was released on May 22, 2012. During his first solo world tour, Slash announced his second studio album. Unlike his self-titled debut solo album, which featured a variety of singers including Chris Cornell, Ozzy Osbourne, M. Shadows, and Kid Rock, he said his second album would feature Alter Bridge vocalist Myles Kennedy as the sole singer. Kennedy had previously appeared on two songs from Slash's first album, and was later the vocalist of Slash's band on tour. Slash later said that his second album would be more of a collaboration album with Kennedy, and said he was unsure whether it would be released under his own name or a new name entirely. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011, and that December, three songs \u2014 \"Halo,\" \"Standing in the Sun\" and \"Bad Rain\" \u2014 had been recorded. Slash described the new material as \"very heavy. \" The album was finished in February 2012 and was given a May 22, 2012, release date. The first single, \"You're a Lie,\" was  released to rock radio on February 27, 2012; a 30-second preview of the song was released online with this announcement. Slash released the track listing for the album on March 5, 2012. Kennedy, who wrote the lyrics, has said that some of the lyrics on the album are about his past negative experiences with drugs. On March 26, 30 second samples from \"Apocalyptic Love\" were made available on Amazon.com.", "In September 2008, Slash began production on his debut solo album. He described the process of recording by himself as \"cathartic.\" He also mentioned working on the album gave him a chance to \"...take a little bit of a break from all the politics and the democracy that is a band and just sort of do my own thing for a little bit. Slash's wife Perla revealed that many different artists would appear on the album, saying, \"It's going to be Slash and friends, with everyone from Ozzy to Fergie.\" The album, simply titled Slash, debuted at No. 3 on the U.S. chart upon its release in April 2010. It featured an all-star roster of guest musicians, including Osbourne, Fergie of The Black Eyed Peas, Adam Levine of Maroon 5, M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold, Lemmy Kilmister of Motorhead, Dave Grohl, Chris Cornell and Iggy Pop. The album also features musical collaborations with former Guns N' Roses members Izzy Stradlin, Steven Adler and Duff McKagan. To promote the album, Slash embarked on his first solo world tour with Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge--who also appeared on the album--on vocals, Bobby Schneck on rhythm guitar, Todd Kerns on bass, and Brent Fitz on drums. Slash opened for Ozzy Osbourne for a leg of Osbourne's Scream World Tour. Slash began working on his second solo album in June 2011. He collaborated with his touring bandmates Myles Kennedy, Todd Kerns, and Brent Fitz, with the resulting album billed to \"Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators\". The album, titled Apocalyptic Love, was released on May 22, 2012, debuting at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.", "World on Fire (album) World on Fire is the second studio album billed to the American band Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators, consisting of Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash and his backup band, released on September 16, 2014; it also acts as Slash's third solo album. The album was written by Slash and Myles Kennedy while on the road, and produced by Michael \"Elvis\" Baskette. Kennedy had focused on rhythm guitar and vocals on \"Apocalyptic Love\", but due to his touring with Alter Bridge he worked only on vocals for \"World On Fire\". Returning members Todd Kerns and Brent Fitz played bass and drums, respectively, on the album. The album was given a limited edition box set release which included a T-shirt and a new lenticular album cover. \"World on Fire\" received generally positive reviews from critics. \"Allmusic\" stated \"Everything hovers around the \"pretty good\" mark: Slash, naturally, stands out and his solos are nearly as pleasurable as his riffs, the Conspirators hit their marks with aplomb, as does Myles Kennedy, who never gets in the way of songs, not even ones he's written. As this train barrels on, there's the sense that the record never really started and will never really end, but such full-throttle indulgence may indeed be what some fans want, for there is a whole lot of bang for this buck.\" \"World on Fire\" entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number ten, selling 29,000 album-equivalent units in its first week of release. In the second week, the album dropped down 71 percent to No. 37 on the chart, selling 8,250 copies.", "Year of the Tiger (Myles Kennedy album) Year of the Tiger is the debut studio album by American musician and singer-songwriter Myles Kennedy. His first release as a solo artist, it was released on March 9, 2018, by Napalm Records. The album is a musical departure from the hard rock music of Kennedy's other projects, instead featuring a stripped-back blues-based sound. A concept album, it explores the death of Kennedy's father in 1974, the year of the Tiger in the Chinese calendar. Initial reaction for \"Year of the Tiger\" from music critics has been highly favorable. Hannah May Kilroy of \"Classic Rock\" gave the album 4 out of 5 stars, writing, \"essentially \"Year Of The Tiger\" sounds like Alter Bridge relocated to the deep south \u2013 if they swapped their hard rock riffs for bluesy twangs\" and \"the final message is one of finding hope in the darkness, and it\u2019s evident that making \"Year Of The Tiger\" has been a therapeutic experience for Kennedy and should be celebrated. \" Cryptic Rock's Vito Lanzi gave the album a perfect 5-star rating, and commented that \"with \"Year of the Tiger\", Kennedy has really found his own individuality as a musician and is proud of his accomplishments.\" \"Daily Express\" writer Paul Davies was also positive towards the album, concluding that \"As though created from the confessional booth of inward reflection and conveyed with brutal honesty, Kennedy gloriously rides the tiger across all the tracks with emotional and musical aplomb.\" Loudwire's Chad Childers described the album as \"not a Slash rehash or Alter Bridge minus Mark Tremonti\""], "answer": {"text": "He has also been at work on his solo project off and on since 2009.", "answer_start": 1162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Myles Kennedy first solo album released?", "answer": {"text": "In early 2009, Kennedy announced a solo side project. He described the material as \"dreamy\" and \"[not] aggressive\",", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What was the name of that project", "answer": {"text": "Alter Bridge. He also said, \"It's more singer/songwriter based. I will say it's going to be interesting.\"", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Kennedy had originally hoped that his album would be released in early 2010, digitally first and then on CD, but he has since put its release on hold.", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What did he do after Alter Bridge?", "answer": {"text": "said that he is still too busy to release the album as he stated that he would like to tour to promote it, but he wanted to release it", "answer_start": 1288, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What other significant things have happened to Kennedy in his solo career", "answer": {"text": "In 2017, he said he shelved the songs he had written and started over.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 4}}, {"question": "What is a song from the album?", "answer": {"text": "He has also been at work on his solo project off and on since 2009. His debut solo album, Year of the Tiger, was released on March 9, 2018.", "answer_start": 1162, "bid": 4}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for year of the tiger?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af6d0d29b2674e69bbdc918417baf20d_1_q#0", "question": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "rewrite": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2003, the women's Raider Team were runners-up in the state competition. The Raider Team also competed in the first Raider Team national championship, held in Athens, Georgia in 2007. The unit also has strong ties to the community, performing over 3,000 hours of community service in 2008. In 2010, Hephzibah's rifle range facility was destroyed in an apparent arson. Five juveniles were arrested in connection with the crime. Hephzibah's marching band is nicknamed the Big Red Machine. For thirty years, the band was directed by Atys Kirkland as a traditional, high-stepping style marching band (such as those seen in the movie \"Drumline\", as opposed to the styles of most colleges such as the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band). In the 1980s they were successful enough to be invited to perform at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade. They were forced to decline the invitation due to a lack of funding. By the late 1990s, members of the Hephzibah community had become less comfortable with the increasing influence of hip hop and R&B on the band's style. This became evident with a media focus on the dancing corps of the band, known as the Rebelettes, who were deemed too \"jiggy\" to be appropriate. The dancing corps' style of dress and dance opened a greater dialogue about the shifting attitudes of appropriateness in the community in the 1990s. Briefly, the school performed in the corps style of marching, but it has since returned to its original marching style. The band also participates in the CSRA Classic, an annual traditional style marching band competition held in Augusta, Georgia. In 2014 the band was under the leadership of Mr. Willie J. Hollins Jr., a graduate of Fort Valley State University. He has managed to spark growth in the band program.", "\"Durand, MI\"  2005 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2004 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2003 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2002 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2001 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2000 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Mt. Pleasant High School Marching Band \" Mt. Pleasant, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band", "Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching band \"Ferndale MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" 2010 Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Newaygo High School Marching Band, Newaygo, MI 2009 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2008 Flight I: West Bloomfield High School Marching Band \"West Bloomfield, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2007 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Columbia Central High School Marching Band \"Brooklyn, MI\"  2006 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band", "Flight I: Rockford High School Marching Band \"Rockford, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2016 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\"  2015 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\"  2014 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\"  Flight III: Byron Center High School Marching Band \"Byron Center, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" 2013 Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\"  Flight III: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2012 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\"  Flight III: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight IV: Newaygo High School Marching Band \"Newaygo, MI\"  2011", "\"Durand, MI\"  1999 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1998 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \"Norton Shores, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1997 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Hudsonville High School Marching Band \" Hudsonville, MI\" Flight IV: Chesaning Union High School Marching Band \"Chesaning, MI\" 1996 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Lakeland High School Marching Band \" White Lake, MI\"  Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Chesaning Union High School Marching Band \"Chesaning, MI\" 1995 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Hudsonville High School Marching Band \" Hudsonville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1994 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Wyoming Park High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" Flight IV:"], "answer": {"text": "marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields.", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_af6d0d29b2674e69bbdc918417baf20d_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides marching bands being geared towards crowd entertainment and performing on football fields?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1990, researchers at Fisons found that remacemide acted as an anticonvulsant in mice and rats  . Because of remacemide's potential as a neuroprotective agent through preventing glutamate toxicity, it was soon also under investigation as a treatment for Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. By 1995, when Astra acquired remacemide, it was already in Phase IIb clinical development as an anti-epileptic drug and Phase I clinical development as a treatment for Huntington's  By 1998, when Astra announced its merger with Zeneca, remacemide had progressed to Phase III trials for epilepsy and Phase II trials for Parkinson's disease, and Astra was also investigating its potential for treating neuropathic pain In 1999, after the merger, AstraZeneca reported that they were investigating remacemide for its neuroprotective effects, and that they planned regulatory submissions for Huntington's disease in 2001 and for Parkinson's disease and epilepsy in 2003. Remacemide, under the trade name Ecovia, was designated an orphan drug for the treatment of Huntington's disease by the FDA in March 2000. Remacemide was last mentioned in AstraZeneca's reports on its R&D pipeline in 2000, when it was in Phase III clinical trials for remacemide in the treatment of Huntington's disease and Phase II for treatment of Parkinson's disease. At that time, the submission of the New Drug Application (NDA) to the FDA and the Marketing Authorization Application to the CHMP was projected for Huntington's in 2001 and for Parkinson's after 2003, but there has been no news of such submission.", "Traditional Style bands, also known as Show Bands, are marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields. Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well. Competitive show bands perform only one show that is continually refined throughout a season, while bands that focus on entertainment rather than competition usually perform a unique show for each game. These shows normally consists of three to five musical pieces accompanied by formations rooted in origin from Patterns in Motion, a book penned by band director William C. \"Bill\" Moffit, bandmaster of Purdue University All-American Marching Band and University of Houston Spirit of Houston. A recognizable style of show band is the one fielded by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). HBCU bands utilize the traditional \"ankle-knee\" high step and music selections are largely based on R&B, hip-hop, and contemporary popular music. In addition to traditional drill formations, HBCU bands feature heavily choreographed dance routines as part of their performances. Many of these bands may have a twirler line and/or a dancer line, but not necessarily flag twirlers. One of the most notable depictions of HBCU bands is the film Drumline. HBCU bands are a significant part of African-American musical culture and HBCU bands often surpass their associated football teams in popularity, a phenomenon that is uncommon among collegiate and high school marching bands. In 1989, as part of the celebrations for the bicentennial of the French Revolution, the Florida A&M University Marching 100, one of the most prolific HBCU bands in the country, was selected as the official representative of the United States in the bicentennial parade. Another style of show band is that used by many of the Big Ten Conference marching bands, a semi-military and semi-corps style.", "Remacemide  Remacemide is a drug which acts as a low-affinity NMDA antagonist with sodium channel blocking properties. It has been studied for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Because remacemide has only a modest effect on seizure frequency and causes dizziness, it is no longer believed that remacemide will be an effective treatment for epilepsy. Although no such statement has been made about remacemide's potential for treating stroke, Huntington's, or Parkinson's, remacemide is no longer being developed for these conditions. Remacemide is also known as remacemide hydrochloride, (\u00b1)-2-amino-\"N\"-(1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethyl)-acetamide hydrochloride, or FPL 12924AA. Unlike many other treatments for epilepsy, remacemide does not appear to impair cognitive performance or driving performance in humans, although the evidence for effects on cognitive performance in animals has been mixed. Remacemide is not a sedative. The median toxic dose of remacemide for neural impairment tests in mice is 5.6 mg/kg. Its estimated median lethal dose is about 927.3 mg/kg in mice. It has a favorable therapeutic index of 28.1 in mice. Remacemide delays the absorption of levodopa (300 mg of remacemide one hour before levodopa treatment delays mean time to peak levodopa plasma concentration by 20%) but not its total absorption (area-under-the-curve for levodopa plasma concentration was unchanged). Remacemide does not interact with sodium valproate, a treatment for epilepsy.", "Traditional Style bands, also known as Show Bands, are marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields. Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well. Competitive show bands perform only one show that is continually refined throughout a season, while bands that focus on entertainment rather than competition usually perform a unique show for each game. These shows normally consists of three to five musical pieces accompanied by formations rooted in origin from Patterns in Motion, a book penned by band director William C. \"Bill\" Moffit, bandmaster of Purdue University All-American Marching Band and University of Houston Spirit of Houston. A recognizable style of show band is the one fielded by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). HBCU bands utilize the traditional \"ankle-knee\" high step and music selections are largely based on R&B, hip-hop, and contemporary popular music. In addition to traditional drill formations, HBCU bands feature heavily choreographed dance routines as part of their performances. Many of these bands may have a twirler line and/or a dancer line, but not necessarily flag twirlers. One of the most notable depictions of HBCU bands is the film Drumline. HBCU bands are a significant part of African-American musical culture and HBCU bands often surpass their associated football teams in popularity, a phenomenon that is uncommon among collegiate and high school marching bands. In 1989, as part of the celebrations for the bicentennial of the French Revolution, the Florida A&M University Marching 100, one of the most prolific HBCU bands in the country, was selected as the official representative of the United States in the bicentennial parade. Another style of show band is that used by many of the Big Ten Conference marching bands, a semi-military and semi-corps style.", "Ramacemide does interact with carbamazepine. Remacemide inhibits the metabolism of carbamazepine, while carbamazepine induces the metabolism of remacemide and FPL 12495. Remacemide is most commonly synthesized as the salt remacemide hydrochloride. However, there has been some investigation into other remacemide salts and their crystals, as different remacemide salts might taste more pleasant or have a solubility more suitable for a pediatric suspension formulation. Remacemide binds weakly and noncompetitively to the ionic channel site of the NMDA receptor complex. Remacemide binds both allosterically and in the channel. However, because remacemide binds so weakly to NMDAR, much of remacemide's \"in vivo\" effect against excitotoxicity is thought to be caused by its metabolic transformation to the more potent desglycine derivative FPL 12495. That is, remacemide may actually act as a prodrug to deliver the active metabolite FPL 12495 to the central nervous system. In a well validated and described genetic model of absence epilepsy, rats of the WAG/Rij strain, remacemide and its metabolite FPL 12495 were found to have a common for glutamate antagonist usual effect on the number of spike/wave dischargesEEG, the drugs decrease spike/wave dischanges dose dependently. However, in contrast to most other glutamate antagonists, FPL 12495 increased the duration of the spike-wave discharges."], "answer": {"text": "Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well.", "answer_start": 147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "answer": {"text": "marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af6d0d29b2674e69bbdc918417baf20d_1_q#2", "question": "What makes up the style?", "rewrite": "What makes up traditional style marching in marching band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2003, the women's Raider Team were runners-up in the state competition. The Raider Team also competed in the first Raider Team national championship, held in Athens, Georgia in 2007. The unit also has strong ties to the community, performing over 3,000 hours of community service in 2008. In 2010, Hephzibah's rifle range facility was destroyed in an apparent arson. Five juveniles were arrested in connection with the crime. Hephzibah's marching band is nicknamed the Big Red Machine. For thirty years, the band was directed by Atys Kirkland as a traditional, high-stepping style marching band (such as those seen in the movie \"Drumline\", as opposed to the styles of most colleges such as the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band). In the 1980s they were successful enough to be invited to perform at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade. They were forced to decline the invitation due to a lack of funding. By the late 1990s, members of the Hephzibah community had become less comfortable with the increasing influence of hip hop and R&B on the band's style. This became evident with a media focus on the dancing corps of the band, known as the Rebelettes, who were deemed too \"jiggy\" to be appropriate. The dancing corps' style of dress and dance opened a greater dialogue about the shifting attitudes of appropriateness in the community in the 1990s. Briefly, the school performed in the corps style of marching, but it has since returned to its original marching style. The band also participates in the CSRA Classic, an annual traditional style marching band competition held in Augusta, Georgia. In 2014 the band was under the leadership of Mr. Willie J. Hollins Jr., a graduate of Fort Valley State University. He has managed to spark growth in the band program.", "Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching band \"Ferndale MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" 2010 Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Newaygo High School Marching Band, Newaygo, MI 2009 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2008 Flight I: West Bloomfield High School Marching Band \"West Bloomfield, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2007 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Columbia Central High School Marching Band \"Brooklyn, MI\"  2006 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band", "Flight I: Rockford High School Marching Band \"Rockford, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2016 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\"  2015 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\"  2014 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\"  Flight III: Byron Center High School Marching Band \"Byron Center, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" 2013 Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\"  Flight III: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2012 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\"  Flight III: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight IV: Newaygo High School Marching Band \"Newaygo, MI\"  2011", "\"Durand, MI\"  1999 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1998 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \"Norton Shores, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1997 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Hudsonville High School Marching Band \" Hudsonville, MI\" Flight IV: Chesaning Union High School Marching Band \"Chesaning, MI\" 1996 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Lakeland High School Marching Band \" White Lake, MI\"  Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Chesaning Union High School Marching Band \"Chesaning, MI\" 1995 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Hudsonville High School Marching Band \" Hudsonville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1994 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Wyoming Park High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" Flight IV:", "\"Durand, MI\"  2005 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2004 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2003 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2002 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2001 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2000 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Mt. Pleasant High School Marching Band \" Mt. Pleasant, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band"], "answer": {"text": "A recognizable style of show band is the one fielded by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).", "answer_start": 751}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "answer": {"text": "marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af6d0d29b2674e69bbdc918417baf20d_1_q#3", "question": "Was this typically done to music?", "rewrite": "Was traditional style marching typically done to music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["About 85% of the students were Hispanic American, and 12% of the students were African American. Also, 2% of the students were White American. Less than one percent of the students were Asian American. Less than one percent of the students was Native American. About 80% of the students qualify for free or reduced lunch. In the summer of 2016, the former JDMB (Jeff Davis Marching Band), was reorganized into the Northside Marching Band. The Panther Band is directed by Timothy D. Richardson, a graduate of Prairie View A&M University, who took over the band program in 2015. The band specializes in show style marching, with certain elements implemented from corps style marching. In 2015 the Mariachi Pantera had 28 students. It travels out of state. The Pantera had issues with lack of interest in 2014 but had recovered the following year. Elementary schools feeding into Davis include: Partial: All of Marshall Middle School's attendance zone is within the Davis High School attendance zone. Middle schools that have portions of their attendance boundaries zoned to Davis include:", "In keeping with the campus' Spanish Renaissance architecture, the uniforms of the Goin' Band are styled after the \"trajes\" of matadors, complete with cape and a flat-brimmed \"gaucho\" hat. The traditional style of these uniforms has been in place for nearly twenty years. The Goin' Band, through many generous private gifts, along with the help of the University and the Goin' Band Association, received brand new uniforms in the fall of 2008. The Goin' Band's repertoire of performance music varies widely, ranging from traditional marches to jazz pieces to the works of Elton John and Carlos Santana. The Goin' Band makes use of both traditional-style marching (formations moving goal-line to goal-line) and corps-style (formations while playing to the sidelines) in its performances. The Goin' Band also incorporates some of the tactics of scramble bands. Like most other schools' bands, the Goin' Band is open to all Texas Tech students, regardless of major or course of study. In fact, a significant portion of the band's membership are not music majors. Practically every single department and course of study available at Texas tech University is represented in the Goin' Band's membership. For this reason, the Goin' Band implements a fast but efficient method of learning new performances that often does not require practices outside of normal class time (\"Marching Band\" is an actual course at Texas Tech). This allows a wide variety of students to participate without putting extra strain on their other obligations. SIx, and sometimes seven different shows are performed by the Goin' Band over the course of a season. It is not unusual for the band to learn a new show from scratch in only five days, and have it ready for performance on Saturday, then start again with a new drill the following Monday.", "TCU Horned Frog Marching Band The TCU Horned Frog Marching Band is the official marching band of Texas Christian University. TCU's band stands out among other college marching bands in that it performs in an explicitly corps style, usually reserved for Drum and Bugle Corps and high school marching bands. Although the band has roots in military marching, the band made a change in direction in the 1980s, capitalizing on the popularity of the increasingly popular Drum Corps International (DCI) competitions. Not conforming to fans expectations has caused the band to be openly criticized by some. On the other hand, TCU's marching band was named one of the top five college marching bands in the United States by the College Band Directors National Association. The earliest incarnation of the TCU Horned Frog Marching band was the Texas Christian University Military Band, established in 1904 by Charles V. Kirkpatrick. The campus fire of 1910, which led to the university's relocation to Fort Worth, TX, slowed the growth of the band until J. E. King revived it in 1921 by introducing regular rehearsals and performances. The band came into its own in the 1930s and 1940s under the direction of Claude Sammis, thanks to the innovative arrangements of popular music by assistant director Don Gillis. These arrangements were so popular that at a game at Madison Square Garden, the band allegedly held the attention of the football crowd for over an hour after the game. A pivotal figure in the history of the band is James A. Jacobsen, director from 1955 to 1981. Most notably, Jacobsen introduced the \"moving diamond\" (or step-two) drill move, which was featured on television in 1958, and became a staple of marching band repertoire. After Jacobsen left in 1981, he was succeeded by Curtis Wilson, who began the band's transition to corps style marching.", "In 2003, the women's Raider Team were runners-up in the state competition. The Raider Team also competed in the first Raider Team national championship, held in Athens, Georgia in 2007. The unit also has strong ties to the community, performing over 3,000 hours of community service in 2008. In 2010, Hephzibah's rifle range facility was destroyed in an apparent arson. Five juveniles were arrested in connection with the crime. Hephzibah's marching band is nicknamed the Big Red Machine. For thirty years, the band was directed by Atys Kirkland as a traditional, high-stepping style marching band (such as those seen in the movie \"Drumline\", as opposed to the styles of most colleges such as the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band). In the 1980s they were successful enough to be invited to perform at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade. They were forced to decline the invitation due to a lack of funding. By the late 1990s, members of the Hephzibah community had become less comfortable with the increasing influence of hip hop and R&B on the band's style. This became evident with a media focus on the dancing corps of the band, known as the Rebelettes, who were deemed too \"jiggy\" to be appropriate. The dancing corps' style of dress and dance opened a greater dialogue about the shifting attitudes of appropriateness in the community in the 1990s. Briefly, the school performed in the corps style of marching, but it has since returned to its original marching style. The band also participates in the CSRA Classic, an annual traditional style marching band competition held in Augusta, Georgia. In 2014 the band was under the leadership of Mr. Willie J. Hollins Jr., a graduate of Fort Valley State University. He has managed to spark growth in the band program.", "While speaking to Goutham, Priya meets with an accident. He rushes her to the hospital, where she recovers the next day. After a few days, Baby and Sri decide to get married. When Goutham gets to know about it, he gets furious and ends their friendship. On the same day of the marriage, Sridhar tells Priya that he got married a second time many years before for his son's sake, and that is the reason for Goutham's anger towards him. He requests Priya to take care of Goutham. Goutham and Priya get another contract with Sunny and Sonia, and they leave for Switzerland for the shooting. On the day of the shooting, Sonia recalls everything Goutham had done and asks him to apologize for his act. He refuses because he knows that it is not his fault and then tells Sonia to leave. Afterwards, Priya takes the role of Sonia and acts for the advertisement. During the shooting, Priya and Goutham fall in love. When they come back from Switzerland, Goutham meets his friend and introduces Priya as just a stranger whom he met in the flight. Hurt by Goutham's cheap behavior, she leaves the airport. When Goutham gets back home, he goes into his father's room and notices many paintings of him being happy, a wish that his father wanted. Goutham then discovers that his father was ill and rushes him to the hospital, where the doctors say that his father is suffering from pancreatic cancer and cannot be treated. Goutham becomes heartbroken. Sri comes to meet him and tells him that he knew that Sridhar was suffering from this disease. Baby then comes and says that Sridhar was the one who compelled them to get married so that Goutham might change his mind and get married."], "answer": {"text": "music selections are largely based on R&B, hip-hop, and contemporary popular music.", "answer_start": 923}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "answer": {"text": "marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What makes up the style?", "answer": {"text": "A recognizable style of show band is the one fielded by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).", "answer_start": 751, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af6d0d29b2674e69bbdc918417baf20d_1_q#4", "question": "How long does a routine typically last?", "rewrite": "How long does a routine typically last in traditional style marching band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2003, the women's Raider Team were runners-up in the state competition. The Raider Team also competed in the first Raider Team national championship, held in Athens, Georgia in 2007. The unit also has strong ties to the community, performing over 3,000 hours of community service in 2008. In 2010, Hephzibah's rifle range facility was destroyed in an apparent arson. Five juveniles were arrested in connection with the crime. Hephzibah's marching band is nicknamed the Big Red Machine. For thirty years, the band was directed by Atys Kirkland as a traditional, high-stepping style marching band (such as those seen in the movie \"Drumline\", as opposed to the styles of most colleges such as the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band). In the 1980s they were successful enough to be invited to perform at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade. They were forced to decline the invitation due to a lack of funding. By the late 1990s, members of the Hephzibah community had become less comfortable with the increasing influence of hip hop and R&B on the band's style. This became evident with a media focus on the dancing corps of the band, known as the Rebelettes, who were deemed too \"jiggy\" to be appropriate. The dancing corps' style of dress and dance opened a greater dialogue about the shifting attitudes of appropriateness in the community in the 1990s. Briefly, the school performed in the corps style of marching, but it has since returned to its original marching style. The band also participates in the CSRA Classic, an annual traditional style marching band competition held in Augusta, Georgia. In 2014 the band was under the leadership of Mr. Willie J. Hollins Jr., a graduate of Fort Valley State University. He has managed to spark growth in the band program.", "\"Durand, MI\"  2005 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2004 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2003 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2002 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2001 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  2000 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Mt. Pleasant High School Marching Band \" Mt. Pleasant, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band", "Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching band \"Ferndale MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" 2010 Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Newaygo High School Marching Band, Newaygo, MI 2009 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2008 Flight I: West Bloomfield High School Marching Band \"West Bloomfield, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Lakeshore High School Marching Band \"Stevensville, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2007 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Columbia Central High School Marching Band \"Brooklyn, MI\"  2006 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band", "\"Durand, MI\"  1999 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \" Norton Shores, MI\"  Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1998 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \"Norton Shores, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1997 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Hudsonville High School Marching Band \" Hudsonville, MI\" Flight IV: Chesaning Union High School Marching Band \"Chesaning, MI\" 1996 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Lakeland High School Marching Band \" White Lake, MI\"  Flight III: Harrison High School Marching Band \" Farmington Hills, MI\" Flight IV: Chesaning Union High School Marching Band \"Chesaning, MI\" 1995 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Mona Shores High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Hudsonville High School Marching Band \" Hudsonville, MI\" Flight IV: Durand Area High School Marching Band \"Durand, MI\"  1994 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Educational Park Marching Band \"Canton, MI\"  Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Wyoming Park High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" Flight IV:", "Flight I: Rockford High School Marching Band \"Rockford, MI\"  Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2016 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\"  2015 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight III: Stevensville-Lakeshore Marching Band Stevensville, MI Flight IV: Ferndale High School Marching Band \"Ferndale, MI\"  2014 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\"  Flight III: Byron Center High School Marching Band \"Byron Center, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\" 2013 Flight I: Walled Lake Central High School Marching Band \"Walled Lake, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\"  Flight III: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight IV: Godwin Heights High School Marching Band \"Wyoming, MI\"  2012 Flight I: Plymouth-Canton Marching Band \"Canton, MI\" Flight II: Jenison High School Marching Band \"Jenison, MI\"  Flight III: Reeths-Puffer High School Marching Band \"Muskegon, MI\" Flight IV: Newaygo High School Marching Band \"Newaygo, MI\"  2011"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "answer": {"text": "marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What makes up the style?", "answer": {"text": "A recognizable style of show band is the one fielded by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).", "answer_start": 751, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this typically done to music?", "answer": {"text": "music selections are largely based on R&B, hip-hop, and contemporary popular music.", "answer_start": 923, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af6d0d29b2674e69bbdc918417baf20d_1_q#5", "question": "can you tell me more about uniforms?", "rewrite": "can you tell me more about uniforms for marching bands?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It is one of the few so honored beginning with the University of Oklahoma marching band (1954), the Princeton University Band (1955), and later, The Ohio State University Marching Band (1958). This marks the first appearance by any UCLA organization on the cover of the magazine. In the 1960s and 1970s the band emulated the Queen's Guard. The band had a similar marching style, including the distinctive arm swinging, but also having the high \"chair\" step. The uniform pants were school colors blue and black trim, and imitation bearskin (or tall busby) hats. In the early 1960s, the uniform coats were gold. later the uniform coats were dark blue. The shoes were black with white spats. In 1961, the band made a European Tour which included performances in Denmark, France, Austria, Germany, England and Switzerland. In 1972, women were admitted to the UCLA Band, as well as other college marching bands around the country as a response to the Title IX educational amendment. Many marching bands, including the UCLA Band, had women members or a women's auxiliary unit during World War II, but the bands gradually became all-male organizations after the war. In 1973, the band wore gold jackets, navy blue pants, navy blue turtleneck sweaters, and no hat, for one game. They were never used after that. In 1977, the school purchased new uniforms that were royal blue with yellow trim. The large overcoats had a white front with block vertical UCLA letters. There were tall white plush busby hats with blue and yellow plumes. In 1985, the band ordered newly designed uniforms, in the current military style. These uniforms were designed with band member input to replace the brightly colored 1977 uniforms. The uniforms consisted of navy blue wool trousers and coat with gold trim and white, knee-length, gold capes on the left shoulder.", "Rose Parade marching bands For the Tournament of Roses Parade, top marching bands from all over the world are invited. Many of the nation's top high school marching bands participate, along with college and organizational marching bands. The bands participating in the parade have also developed traditions. For example, Pasadena City College's Lancer Marching Band always marches in the Rose Parade, along with high school band and color guard students from all over Southern California, who are selected by audition the previous autumn. The Tournament of Roses Honor Band is a coveted position, and those selected are among the best student musicians in California. Nine of the high school trumpet players, selected by performance on their auditions, and the best snare drummer, are selected as the Herald Trumpets, who march directly before the Rose Queen's float and play fanfares. University marching bands from the two schools participating in the Rose Bowl Game are invited to march in the parade. They typically accompany the floats that represent the conferences. In 1891, the Monrovia Town Band was the first musical group to perform in the Rose Parade. Bands that have a long-standing arrangement to be in the parade include: In 1965, the Mississippi Valley State College (Mississippi Valley State University) Marching Band was the first HBCU marching band to be invited to participate in the Rose Bowl Parade. They were also the first HBCU band to be invited back a second time to participate in the parade. In 1998, the Washington Township High School Minutemen Marching Band from Sewell, New Jersey, became the first band in the history of the Rose Parade to decorate its entire ranks with live flowers, in keeping with the practice of decorating the parade floats. Designed by Todd Marcocci, this unique concept and design approach received tremendous support from all major media around the world. Since then, several bands have followed suit.", "The band has a higher-than-usual proportion of low- and mid-range brass instruments (baritone, trombone, sousaphone, and mellophone) and the complete woodwind section that allows the band to play traditional concert band repertoire (unlike all-brass marching bands). An auxiliary color guard and female dance squad (dubbed the \"Illinettes\") contribute another visual element to the band's performances. The band performs in a style common to other marching bands of the Big Ten collegiate athletic conference. While the band prides itself on developing innovations in marching, its style is somewhat conservative when compared to other marching bands. The band move among precise drill formations (unlike East Coast scramble bands) and typically remain in a symmetric arrangement about the 50-yard line in abstract patterns (contrast with drum and bugle corps, who ordinarily feature a much greater breadth of formations). The drill style of the band is a necessity since the band performs an entirely new show for every home football game; thus the formations, while considerably complex, must be efficiently memorized by the ensemble. Professor Barry L. Houser was named as Visiting Assistant Director of Bands and Conductor of Athletics Bands (including Director of the Marching Illini and Basketball Band) in July 2011. Professor Houser served as Director of the Marching Panthers and Basketball Band at Eastern Illinois University while also serving as Acting Director of Bands at EIU from 2008 to 2011 after receiving a graduate degree from the University of Illinois. As a graduate student, Houser instructed with the Marching Illini as a Graduate Assistant, frequently conducting from the backfield podium during performances. Houser attended the University of Florida as an undergraduate and has been involved with the nationally renowned Smith-Walbridge Clinics for drum majors and marching bands with Director Emeritus of the Marching Illini Gary E. Smith. Houser now serves as Director and Head Clinician with Smith-Walbridge.", "The tradition drove onward with musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Henry \"Red\" Allen and King Oliver. The presence of marching bands lives on today in New Orleans, with musicians such as the Marsalis family doing some of their earliest work in such bands. Much of New Orleans music today owes its debt to the early marching bands, even those marching bands which predate the birth of jazz music. In the late 19th century marching bands would often march through the streets of the city in second line parades. Some of the earliest bands originated from the Trem\u00e9 neighborhood, and the city gave birth to such bands as the Excelsior, Onward and Olympia brass bands. The Onward and Olympia bands each have sustained incarnations that continue performing to this day. Modern examples of the brass band tradition can be heard in the playing of groups like the Dirty Dozen Brass Band, or the Rebirth Brass Band led by trumpeter Kermit Ruffins. The history of the marching band in New Orleans is a rich one, with the various bands performing at virtually every major social event the city has to offer. They perform at funerals, picnics, carnivals and parades. The relationship between jazz bands and brass bands is one of co-influence. Jazz bands of this era began to go beyond the confines of the 6/8 time signature the marching bands utilized. Instead, New Orleans jazz bands began incorporating a style known as \"ragging\"; this technique implemented the influence of ragtime 2/4 meter and eventually led to improvisation. In turn, the early jazz bands of New Orleans influenced the playing of the marching bands, who in turn began to improvise themselves more often. Again, yet another indication that jazz music is symbolic of freedom. The term dixieland was first coined by Dan Emmett in his song \"Dixie's Land\" in 1859.", "Salvadoran marching bands are present in any kind of Salvadoran events, celebrations, and even in smallest activities, they become present along with their (cachiporristas) cheerleaders. Marching bands are a representative of Salvadoran culture and tradition, music tunes will include anything from national anthem, folkloric music to dance music like cumbia. Marching bands in El Salvador were once called (War Bands). After the peace accords that ended the civil war were signed, the named was changed to (Peace Bands). The Salvadoran marching bands have even made international appearances in events such as the Rose Parade in the U.S city of Pasadena in New Years, the first time in 2008 and the most recent in 2013, where the Salvadoran marching bands of boys and girls have been able to embrace their talents to the world. Salvadoran Civil War songs located in the nueva cancion movement and genre, have been very popular since the 1970- to present day. They were broadcast through Radio Venceremos station and appealed to the majority of the peasant Salvadoran population. One of the most well known songs is \"El Salvador ta venciando\" by Yolocamba Ita, as well as American songs like \"U.S get out of El Salvador\" dedicated to the U.S. involvement. Salvadoran cumbia is a staple in Salvadoran music. Groups such as Orquesta San Vicente who sing (Soy Salvadore\u00f1o) , the Bravo group who sing (Sabrosa Cumbia) and the Hermanos Flores group who sing (Mi Pais) are three well known cumbia music groups in El Salvador. Salvadoran rock and Salvadoran hip hop/rap are very well established music genres in Salvadoran culture."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "answer": {"text": "marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What makes up the style?", "answer": {"text": "A recognizable style of show band is the one fielded by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).", "answer_start": 751, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this typically done to music?", "answer": {"text": "music selections are largely based on R&B, hip-hop, and contemporary popular music.", "answer_start": 923, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long does a routine typically last?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af6d0d29b2674e69bbdc918417baf20d_1_q#6", "question": "When did they typically  perform?", "rewrite": "When did marching bands typically  perform?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pep band A pep band is an ensemble of instrumentalists who play at events, usually athletic, with the purpose of entertaining and creating enthusiasm in a crowd. Often members of a pep band are a subset of people from a larger ensemble such as a marching band or a concert band. Pep bands are generally associated with performing at pep rallies and sporting events (usually football, basketball or hockey). With a few exceptions, pep bands are exclusive to the collegiate and high school levels. The typical instrumentation of a pep band is the same as most marching bands, using mainly woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments. Pep bands typically don't use primarily orchestral instruments (double reeds, strings, etc.), but this is not a hard set limitation. Pep bands have been in existence for a very long time, however their origins are vague and hard to find. The concept of pep band most likely sprung from marching band (a band during sporting events with choreography while they play music, normally with uniforms). Most high school and collegiate marching bands also serve as a pep band when not performing on the field. While playing at competitive events, should both teams have a pep band, the bands will compete and go back and forth playing songs. Pep bands usually have a repertoire that consists primarily of rock and pop music, with styles such as jazz, R&B, rap, funk, and movie themes also fairly common. Pep bands will also sometimes perform their school's songs (most commonly their alma mater and fight songs), and the Star-Spangled Banner prior to the start of a game or event.", "Gallier Hall Gallier Hall is an historic building on St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans, Louisiana. It is the former New Orleans city hall, and continues in civic use. Built 1845\u201353, it is a nationally significant example of Greek Revival architecture, and one of the finest works of architect James Gallier. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1974. Gallier Hall is located on St. Charles Avenue at Lafayette Square in the Central Business District. The building was originally designed to be the city hall of New Orleans by the architect, James Gallier Sr. Construction began in 1845, and the building was dedicated on 10 May 1853. Gallier Hall is a three-story marble structure fronted by two rows of fluted Ionic columns in the Neoclassical style. It is one of the most important structures built during the antebellum period of the city. After its dedication in 1853, Gallier Hall remained the city hall for just over a century. Many important events during the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the era of Louisiana governor Huey Long took place at Gallier Hall. After the City Hall was moved to the modern complex at Duncan Plaza in the 1950s, old Gallier Hall nonetheless continued its traditional place of honor during Mardi Gras. Viewing galleries in front of the hall are reserved for Mardi Gras royalty, and parades on the St. Charles route pause in front of them. Marching bands typically perform shows here during the parades. On Mardi Gras Day the mayor of New Orleans toasts the kings of the Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club and Rex Parade here. Gallier Hall is currently a convention center, reception hall, and home of the Ty Tracy Theatre, named for the late artistic director of the New Orleans Recreation Department (NORD) Theatre. The Ty Tracy Theatre is home to Julie Condy's Crescent City Lights Youth Theatre organization.", "The tradition drove onward with musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Henry \"Red\" Allen and King Oliver. The presence of marching bands lives on today in New Orleans, with musicians such as the Marsalis family doing some of their earliest work in such bands. Much of New Orleans music today owes its debt to the early marching bands, even those marching bands which predate the birth of jazz music. In the late 19th century marching bands would often march through the streets of the city in second line parades. Some of the earliest bands originated from the Trem\u00e9 neighborhood, and the city gave birth to such bands as the Excelsior, Onward and Olympia brass bands. The Onward and Olympia bands each have sustained incarnations that continue performing to this day. Modern examples of the brass band tradition can be heard in the playing of groups like the Dirty Dozen Brass Band, or the Rebirth Brass Band led by trumpeter Kermit Ruffins. The history of the marching band in New Orleans is a rich one, with the various bands performing at virtually every major social event the city has to offer. They perform at funerals, picnics, carnivals and parades. The relationship between jazz bands and brass bands is one of co-influence. Jazz bands of this era began to go beyond the confines of the 6/8 time signature the marching bands utilized. Instead, New Orleans jazz bands began incorporating a style known as \"ragging\"; this technique implemented the influence of ragtime 2/4 meter and eventually led to improvisation. In turn, the early jazz bands of New Orleans influenced the playing of the marching bands, who in turn began to improvise themselves more often. Again, yet another indication that jazz music is symbolic of freedom. The term dixieland was first coined by Dan Emmett in his song \"Dixie's Land\" in 1859.", "As well, the organist could play right-hand chords and melodies. Organ trios were a widely used type of jazz ensemble in the 1950s and 1960s to play hard bop. Organ trios are sometimes used in rock as well. The Doors' keyboardist Ray Manzarek used a keyboard bass to play the bass lines. Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore would act as an organ trio with the addition of singer Jim Morrison. New Orleans or Dixieland jazz bands occasionally use tuba, sousaphone, or bass saxophone in place of the double bass that was common in 1920s-era jazz bands. This tradition developed from the origins of New Orleans music in marching bands, which used instruments that could be carried on harnesses or with straps. Marching bands use a mixture of brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments, because all of these instruments can be played while marching. Not all rhythm sections follow the standard model of drummer-bassist-chordal instrument. Some bands have no drummer. In bands without a drummer, one or more instruments from the rhythm section often play in styles that replace the drum kit role\u2014that is laying down the beat and backbeat. Traditional bluegrass bands typically do not have a drummer. In bluegrass bands, the timekeeping role is shared between several instruments: the upright bass generally plays the on-beats while the mandolin plays chop chords on the off-beats, with the banjo also keeping a steady eighth note rhythm. This distributed nature allows for rhythmic continuity while players take turns highlighting the melody. In funk-oriented groups that do not have a drummer, the electric bass player may take over some of the drummer's role by using slap bass.", "Rose Parade marching bands For the Tournament of Roses Parade, top marching bands from all over the world are invited. Many of the nation's top high school marching bands participate, along with college and organizational marching bands. The bands participating in the parade have also developed traditions. For example, Pasadena City College's Lancer Marching Band always marches in the Rose Parade, along with high school band and color guard students from all over Southern California, who are selected by audition the previous autumn. The Tournament of Roses Honor Band is a coveted position, and those selected are among the best student musicians in California. Nine of the high school trumpet players, selected by performance on their auditions, and the best snare drummer, are selected as the Herald Trumpets, who march directly before the Rose Queen's float and play fanfares. University marching bands from the two schools participating in the Rose Bowl Game are invited to march in the parade. They typically accompany the floats that represent the conferences. In 1891, the Monrovia Town Band was the first musical group to perform in the Rose Parade. Bands that have a long-standing arrangement to be in the parade include: In 1965, the Mississippi Valley State College (Mississippi Valley State University) Marching Band was the first HBCU marching band to be invited to participate in the Rose Bowl Parade. They were also the first HBCU band to be invited back a second time to participate in the parade. In 1998, the Washington Township High School Minutemen Marching Band from Sewell, New Jersey, became the first band in the history of the Rose Parade to decorate its entire ranks with live flowers, in keeping with the practice of decorating the parade floats. Designed by Todd Marcocci, this unique concept and design approach received tremendous support from all major media around the world. Since then, several bands have followed suit."], "answer": {"text": "Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well.", "answer_start": 147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is traditional style marching in marching band?", "answer": {"text": "marching bands geared primarily towards crowd entertainment and perform on football fields.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Typically, they perform a routine before the game, another at halftime, and sometimes after the game as well.", "answer_start": 147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What makes up the style?", "answer": {"text": "A recognizable style of show band is the one fielded by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs).", "answer_start": 751, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this typically done to music?", "answer": {"text": "music selections are largely based on R&B, hip-hop, and contemporary popular music.", "answer_start": 923, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long does a routine typically last?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "can you tell me more about uniforms?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#0", "question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "rewrite": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks &amp; Dunn  Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn is a 2008 compilation album by Brooks & Dunn. It is part of a series of similar \"Playlist\" albums issued by Sony BMG, the parent company of Brooks & Dunn's label, Arista Nashville. The album features 10 of Brooks & Dunn's singles. \" Best of My Love\" was originally included on \"\", \"Against the Wind\" on the \"King of the Hill\" soundtrack and \"I Ain't Living Long Like This\" on \"I've Always Been Crazy: A Tribute to Waylon Jennings\", while \"The Fightin' Side of Me\" was previously unissued. \" Only in America\" is a live performance from Farm Aid 2003. \"Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn\" received three out of five stars from InMusic. The author wrote that \"this greatest hits compilation is filled with the Brooks & Dunn tracks that have made the country duo a staple among new country enthusiasts.\" \"Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn\" peaked at No. 48 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart the week of January 24, 2009.", "Sammy Winward Samantha Kate Winward (born 12 October 1985) is an English actress, singer and model. She is best known for playing the role of Katie Sugden in the ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\" from 2001 to 2015. Winward was born in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England. She attended Turton High School Media Arts College in Bromley Cross, South Turton, England. Winward was engaged to footballer David Dunn. Their daughter Mia was born at home in Edgworth, Lancashire. England on 12 June 2005. Winward and Dunn split in September of that year. In January 2006, Winward appeared and participated on the ITV show \"Soapstar Superstar\". In late 2006, she was voted number 73 in the FHM's \"100 Sexiest Women in the World\". Winward first appeared as Katie Sugden in the ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\" in July 2001 at the age of 16. In 2002, Winward was nominated for \"Most Popular Newcomer\" award at the National Television Awards for the role of Katie Sugden in \"Emmerdale\". In November 2014, Winward announced that she would leave \"Emmerdale\" in February 2015 after 13 years to pursue other interests, projects and acting roles. On 5 February, Katie died due to a fall at Wylie's Farm after falling through rotten floorboards after being pushed to the ground by her ex-lover and brother-in-law Robert Sugden (previously Karl Davies/now Ryan Hawley). In May 2015, it was announced that Winward was to appear in the second series of the ITV drama \"Prey\". Winward will play and take on the role of Lucy a heavily pregnant daughter of prison officer David Murdoch (Philip Glenister) who is threatened, leaving her father on the run after finding himself on the wrong side of the law.", "List of awards and nominations received by Brooks &amp; Dunn  Brooks & Dunn was an American country music duo consisting of Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn. Active from 1991 to 2011, the duo recorded ten albums for Arista Nashville. Brooks & Dunn won Top Vocal Duo from the Country Music Association in every year from 1991 to 2006, except in 2000, and the Academy of Country Music's Top Vocal Duo several years. They have also won two Grammy Awards, both for Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The Academy of Country Music Awards are annual awards honoring the best in country music. Brooks & Dunn has won 23 awards from 67 nominations. The American Country Awards ran from 2010-2013, the awards show was fan-voted. Brooks & Dunn was nominated once. The American Country Countdown Awards are annual awards honoring country artists. Brooks & Dunn were honored with the Nash Icon Award recognizing their body of work and contribution to country music. The American Music Awards is an annual American music awards show , winners are voted upon by the general public. Brooks & Dunn has received twenty nominations, resulting in five awards. The Billboard Music Awards are annual awards based on album and digital songs sales, streaming, radio airplay, touring and social engagement. Brooks & Dunn has won three awards out of four nominations. The Blockbuster Entertainment Awards was an annual awards show held from 1995-2001. Brooks & Dunn received two nominations, winning once. The BMI Awards are annual awards honoring the best in songwriting in different genres. Brooks & Dunn received one award. From 2002-2004 CMT held an annual awards show to showcase the best country music videos. Brooks & Dunn won one award. The CMT Music Awards is a fan-voted awards show for country music videos and television performances. Brooks & Dunn have one award from eight nominations.", "Alex Dunn Alex Dunn (born January 26, 1982) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played in the ECHL, the Central Hockey League, and the Elite Ice Hockey League. Dunn began his career icing for the Capital Centre Pride team at junior level in his home state of Michigan and in the 2000-01 season featured in 31 games, helping out with 7 assists. Dunn split his maiden season between the Pride and the Omaha Lancers of the United States Hockey League, a tier-1 junior team. Dunn played in just seven games at this higher level, but coped well and managed to grab an assist during the brief spell. He continued to play for the Pride in the 2001-02 season, and it proved to be a positive decision. Dunn's numbers rose dramatically, and in 55 games he scored 13 goals and totaled 24 assists as well as clocking up 169 penalty minutes, impressive numbers for a defenseman. Dunn began playing at NCAA level 1 for the season after, 2002\u201303, when he moved to Lake Superior State University. In his four years at LSSU, Dunn proved to be a cornerstone of the team, icing in 124 games. Dunn was mainly employed as a defensive minded defenseman though, and so point scoring opportunities were limited for him. After leaving Lake Superior, Dunn signed for the ECHL Idaho Steelheads for the rest of the 2005-06 season, when he played in nine games. He failed to score any points however, and so chose to move on to sign for the Odessa Jackalopes for the 2006-07 term. Dunn enjoyed his first season in Odessa, totaling 24 points and 121 penalty minutes in 62 Central Hockey League games and for this performance, won the club's 'Defenseman of the Year' honor. He was retained for the 2007-08 season, where his point production again increased to 33.", "If You See Him/ If You See Her \"If You See Him/If You See Her\" is a song written by Terry McBride, Jennifer Kimball and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire, along with the duo Brooks & Dunn. It served as the title track to each artist's respective 1998 albums (\"If You See Him\" for Reba, and \"If You See Her\" for Brooks & Dunn), both released on June 2 of that year. The song was concurrently promoted and distributed by both artists' labels: MCA Nashville and Arista Nashville, then the respective labels for McEntire and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks, giving McEntire her twenty-ninth number one single, and Brooks & Dunn their twelfth. On the Brooks & Dunn: The Last Rodeo special on (on CBS) May 23, 2010, Lady Antebellum sang this song with Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn coming in towards the end. The video starts off with Reba at a bar. Then, Kix Brooks comes to the bar. Then, Reba sings in an empty fancy theatre, along with Ronnie Dunn. A piano on the stage is seen in the background, and Kix is seen playing the piano."], "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#1", "question": "Did the band break up and if so, when?", "rewrite": "Did Brooks & Dunn break up and if so, when?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks &amp; Dunn  Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn is a 2008 compilation album by Brooks & Dunn. It is part of a series of similar \"Playlist\" albums issued by Sony BMG, the parent company of Brooks & Dunn's label, Arista Nashville. The album features 10 of Brooks & Dunn's singles. \" Best of My Love\" was originally included on \"\", \"Against the Wind\" on the \"King of the Hill\" soundtrack and \"I Ain't Living Long Like This\" on \"I've Always Been Crazy: A Tribute to Waylon Jennings\", while \"The Fightin' Side of Me\" was previously unissued. \" Only in America\" is a live performance from Farm Aid 2003. \"Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn\" received three out of five stars from InMusic. The author wrote that \"this greatest hits compilation is filled with the Brooks & Dunn tracks that have made the country duo a staple among new country enthusiasts.\" \"Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn\" peaked at No. 48 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart the week of January 24, 2009.", "Hillbilly Deluxe (Brooks &amp; Dunn album) Hillbilly Deluxe is the ninth studio album by country music duo Brooks & Dunn, released in 2005 on Arista Nashville. Certified Platinum in the United States by the RIAA, the album produced four singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts. The duo produced the majority of the album with Tony Brown. \"Hillbilly Deluxe\" was led off by the single \"Play Something Country.\" This song was co-written by Ronnie Dunn, one-half of Brooks & Dunn, along with former McBride & the Ride frontman Terry McBride, who plays bass in Brooks & Dunn's road band and co-writes several of their songs. \"Play Something Country\" was the duo's twentieth and final Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. \"Believe\" and \"Building Bridges\" (featuring guest vocals from Vince Gill and Sheryl Crow), were released as the album's second and third singles, respectively, and both were additional Top Ten hits. The title track was the final single released from the album, and it reached a peak of number 16. Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn produced the majority of the album with Tony Brown, except for \"My Heart's Not a Hotel\", which Brooks, Brown and Dunn produced with Mark Wright. Brooks and Tom Shapiro co-produced the demo for \"One More Roll of the Dice\" (which they also co-wrote), while the demos for \"Her West Was Wilder\" and \"She Likes to Get Out of Town\" were produced by Brooks and Bob DiPiero, who also co-wrote those tracks with Brooks. Compiled from liner notes. Musicians   Choir on \"Believe\" and \"Again\"   Production", "If You See Him/ If You See Her \"If You See Him/If You See Her\" is a song written by Terry McBride, Jennifer Kimball and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire, along with the duo Brooks & Dunn. It served as the title track to each artist's respective 1998 albums (\"If You See Him\" for Reba, and \"If You See Her\" for Brooks & Dunn), both released on June 2 of that year. The song was concurrently promoted and distributed by both artists' labels: MCA Nashville and Arista Nashville, then the respective labels for McEntire and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks, giving McEntire her twenty-ninth number one single, and Brooks & Dunn their twelfth. On the Brooks & Dunn: The Last Rodeo special on (on CBS) May 23, 2010, Lady Antebellum sang this song with Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn coming in towards the end. The video starts off with Reba at a bar. Then, Kix Brooks comes to the bar. Then, Reba sings in an empty fancy theatre, along with Ronnie Dunn. A piano on the stage is seen in the background, and Kix is seen playing the piano.", "List of awards and nominations received by Brooks &amp; Dunn  Brooks & Dunn was an American country music duo consisting of Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn. Active from 1991 to 2011, the duo recorded ten albums for Arista Nashville. Brooks & Dunn won Top Vocal Duo from the Country Music Association in every year from 1991 to 2006, except in 2000, and the Academy of Country Music's Top Vocal Duo several years. They have also won two Grammy Awards, both for Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The Academy of Country Music Awards are annual awards honoring the best in country music. Brooks & Dunn has won 23 awards from 67 nominations. The American Country Awards ran from 2010-2013, the awards show was fan-voted. Brooks & Dunn was nominated once. The American Country Countdown Awards are annual awards honoring country artists. Brooks & Dunn were honored with the Nash Icon Award recognizing their body of work and contribution to country music. The American Music Awards is an annual American music awards show , winners are voted upon by the general public. Brooks & Dunn has received twenty nominations, resulting in five awards. The Billboard Music Awards are annual awards based on album and digital songs sales, streaming, radio airplay, touring and social engagement. Brooks & Dunn has won three awards out of four nominations. The Blockbuster Entertainment Awards was an annual awards show held from 1995-2001. Brooks & Dunn received two nominations, winning once. The BMI Awards are annual awards honoring the best in songwriting in different genres. Brooks & Dunn received one award. From 2002-2004 CMT held an annual awards show to showcase the best country music videos. Brooks & Dunn won one award. The CMT Music Awards is a fan-voted awards show for country music videos and television performances. Brooks & Dunn have one award from eight nominations.", "Kix Brooks Leon Eric Brooks, III, known as Kix Brooks (born May 12, 1955), is an American country music artist, actor, and film producer best known for being one half of the duo Brooks & Dunn and host of radio's \"American Country Countdown\". Prior to the duo's foundation, he was a singer and songwriter, charting twice on Hot Country Songs and releasing an album for Capitol Records. Brooks and Ronnie Dunn comprised Brooks & Dunn for twenty years, then both members began solo careers. Brooks's solo career after Brooks & Dunn includes the album \"New to This Town\". In 2019, Brooks & Dunn were selected for the Country Music Hall of Fame. Brooks grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana. He has a sister, a half-sister, and a half-brother; his father also adopted a son of his third wife. After graduating from the former Sewanee Military Academy, an Episcopal school in Sewanee, Tennessee, Brooks attended Louisiana Tech University in Ruston as a theatre arts major. He moved to Alaska to work with his father on an oil pipeline for one summer, then returned to Louisiana Tech to finish his education. After graduating, he moved to Maine to write advertising for a company owned by his sister and brother-in-law. His father urged him to pursue his desire to become a musician, and Kix moved to Nashville, Tennessee in the early 1980's. His then-girlfriend (now wife Barbara, with whom he has a son and daughter) followed shortly thereafter. He worked for Tree Publishing as a staff songwriter. He recorded his first solo single, \"Baby, When Your Heart Breaks Down\", for Avion in 1983, but returned to songwriting after it failed to chart."], "answer": {"text": "In early September 1994, the duo collaborated with Johnny Cash on a rendition of his song \"Folsom Prison Blues\" for the album Red Hot + Country, a charity album", "answer_start": 390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#2", "question": "When did they embark on their solo careers?", "rewrite": "When did Brooks & Dunn embark on their solo careers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Never really a team of true equals due to the \"teacher/apprentice\" nature of their music experience levels, the pair had by early 1976 quietly, amicably parted to pursue solo careers, following the release of \"Native Sons\". Prior to the duo's final tour, Loggins accidentally cut his hand with a craft knife while practicing his wood-carving hobby at home, which required surgery and prevented him from playing guitar for most of their final tour. After a final concert in Hawaii, the duo split and went on to solo careers. Messina found solo success elusive, but Loggins went on to become one of the biggest hit makers of the 1980s. The two reunited in 2005 to choose tracks for an expanded compilation album of singles and album cuts \"\", which proved successful enough for them to embark on tour together. Their successful \"Sittin' In Again \" tour was launched in mid-2005 and played out the remainder of the year. They also released an album that year of the tour. \"Every couple of years we'd talk about it, but I was having too much fun as a solo artist,\" Loggins said that summer. \"It was very rewarding for me, and I wasn't ready to share the reins. I still had a lot of stuff to do on my own, to prove myself and to express myself, in a way that wouldn't have fit in with Loggins & Messina.\" The two were pleased enough to consider future Loggins and Messina projects and the two also toured in 2009. \" Like most relationships, we were a moment in time,\" Loggins said. \"It's just really fun to be able to go back and celebrate that and just sort of really honor each other as grown men, in a way we never really did back then.", "If You See Him/ If You See Her \"If You See Him/If You See Her\" is a song written by Terry McBride, Jennifer Kimball and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire, along with the duo Brooks & Dunn. It served as the title track to each artist's respective 1998 albums (\"If You See Him\" for Reba, and \"If You See Her\" for Brooks & Dunn), both released on June 2 of that year. The song was concurrently promoted and distributed by both artists' labels: MCA Nashville and Arista Nashville, then the respective labels for McEntire and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks, giving McEntire her twenty-ninth number one single, and Brooks & Dunn their twelfth. On the Brooks & Dunn: The Last Rodeo special on (on CBS) May 23, 2010, Lady Antebellum sang this song with Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn coming in towards the end. The video starts off with Reba at a bar. Then, Kix Brooks comes to the bar. Then, Reba sings in an empty fancy theatre, along with Ronnie Dunn. A piano on the stage is seen in the background, and Kix is seen playing the piano.", "Soyul remaining \"on break\" (due to her marriage to Moon Hee Jun). While disbandment was not confirmed, the members would be focusing on their solo careers, in effect putting the group on indefinite hiatus. Chrome Entertainment later released a statement contradicting this, saying Way's contract ended in May, not in March as previously stated. On May 8, it was confirmed that although both parties had repeatedly denied the rumours of a pregnancy and shotgun marriage, Soyul was pregnant and would be giving birth to a girl the same month. On May 31, an announcement was made that Geummi, Ellin, Choa and Way signed a non-exclusive contract under Chrome Entertainment to promote as Crayon Pop, however their solo careers would be managed by other labels. The statement specified that the group would be on a hiatus while the members worked on their solo careers. It was also revealed Soyul had withdrawn from the group to focus on her new family. In a separate statement, Chrome Entertainment wrote \"\"Soyul in her current situation is dedicated to parenting, so Crayon Pop will act as a 4-member group, for the time being\"\". After news of Geummi's signing with Climix Entertainment on the 26th September, Chrome Entertainment reiterated that Crayon Pop had not disbanded, and that while group activities would be managed by the company, solo activities would be handled by other companies the girls had signed with. On 1 July 2019, Way appeared on YouTuber Asian Boss's channel and revealed some details that happened in the past when they were in Crayon Pop. She is currently promoting herself as a YouTuber.", "List of awards and nominations received by Brooks &amp; Dunn  Brooks & Dunn was an American country music duo consisting of Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn. Active from 1991 to 2011, the duo recorded ten albums for Arista Nashville. Brooks & Dunn won Top Vocal Duo from the Country Music Association in every year from 1991 to 2006, except in 2000, and the Academy of Country Music's Top Vocal Duo several years. They have also won two Grammy Awards, both for Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The Academy of Country Music Awards are annual awards honoring the best in country music. Brooks & Dunn has won 23 awards from 67 nominations. The American Country Awards ran from 2010-2013, the awards show was fan-voted. Brooks & Dunn was nominated once. The American Country Countdown Awards are annual awards honoring country artists. Brooks & Dunn were honored with the Nash Icon Award recognizing their body of work and contribution to country music. The American Music Awards is an annual American music awards show , winners are voted upon by the general public. Brooks & Dunn has received twenty nominations, resulting in five awards. The Billboard Music Awards are annual awards based on album and digital songs sales, streaming, radio airplay, touring and social engagement. Brooks & Dunn has won three awards out of four nominations. The Blockbuster Entertainment Awards was an annual awards show held from 1995-2001. Brooks & Dunn received two nominations, winning once. The BMI Awards are annual awards honoring the best in songwriting in different genres. Brooks & Dunn received one award. From 2002-2004 CMT held an annual awards show to showcase the best country music videos. Brooks & Dunn won one award. The CMT Music Awards is a fan-voted awards show for country music videos and television performances. Brooks & Dunn have one award from eight nominations.", "Kix Brooks Leon Eric Brooks, III, known as Kix Brooks (born May 12, 1955), is an American country music artist, actor, and film producer best known for being one half of the duo Brooks & Dunn and host of radio's \"American Country Countdown\". Prior to the duo's foundation, he was a singer and songwriter, charting twice on Hot Country Songs and releasing an album for Capitol Records. Brooks and Ronnie Dunn comprised Brooks & Dunn for twenty years, then both members began solo careers. Brooks's solo career after Brooks & Dunn includes the album \"New to This Town\". In 2019, Brooks & Dunn were selected for the Country Music Hall of Fame. Brooks grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana. He has a sister, a half-sister, and a half-brother; his father also adopted a son of his third wife. After graduating from the former Sewanee Military Academy, an Episcopal school in Sewanee, Tennessee, Brooks attended Louisiana Tech University in Ruston as a theatre arts major. He moved to Alaska to work with his father on an oil pipeline for one summer, then returned to Louisiana Tech to finish his education. After graduating, he moved to Maine to write advertising for a company owned by his sister and brother-in-law. His father urged him to pursue his desire to become a musician, and Kix moved to Nashville, Tennessee in the early 1980's. His then-girlfriend (now wife Barbara, with whom he has a son and daughter) followed shortly thereafter. He worked for Tree Publishing as a staff songwriter. He recorded his first solo single, \"Baby, When Your Heart Breaks Down\", for Avion in 1983, but returned to songwriting after it failed to chart."], "answer": {"text": "Dunn has sung guest vocals on other artists' songs, including Lee Roy Parnell's mid-1994 cover of the Hank Williams song \"Take These Chains from My Heart\" (", "answer_start": 1227}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band break up and if so, when?", "answer": {"text": "In early September 1994, the duo collaborated with Johnny Cash on a rendition of his song \"Folsom Prison Blues\" for the album Red Hot + Country, a charity album", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#3", "question": "What year did he record it?", "rewrite": "What year did Ronnie Dunn start recording ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ronnie Dunn (album) Ronnie Dunn is the first solo studio album by the country music artist Ronnie Dunn. The album was released on June 7, 2011, by Arista Nashville. The album was Dunn's first release of solo music in nearly 25 years; he released three singles in the 1980s without issuing an album. The album's first single, \"Bleed Red\", was released to country music radio on January 31, 2011, and became a top ten hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. A second single, \"Cost of Livin'\", was scheduled to be released to radio on June 27, 2011, but the single entered the country chart two weeks before its release, debuting at number 56. \"Ronnie Dunn\" is Dunn's first solo music in 25 years and appeared less than a year after his split as one-half of Brooks & Dunn. Dunn wrote or co-wrote nine of the album's twelve tracks. \" Bleed Red\", the first single, was not one of them. \"Ronnie Dunn\" debuted at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and number one on the Top Country Albums, selling 45,000 copies in the U.S. Up to August 2016, the album had sold 266,000 copies in the US.", "Ronnie Dunn Ronnie Gene Dunn (born June 1, 1953) is an American country music singer-songwriter and record executive. Starting 2011, Dunn works as a solo artist following the temporary dissolution of Brooks & Dunn. He released his self-titled debut album for Arista Nashville on June 7, 2011, reaching the Top 10 with its lead-off single \"Bleed Red\". In 2013, after leaving Arista Nashville in 2012, Dunn founded Little Will-E Records. On April 8, 2014, Ronnie Dunn released his second solo album, \"Peace, Love, and Country Music\" through his Little Will-E Records. On November 11, 2016, he released his third album \"Tattooed Heart\" on NASH Icon label. In 2019, Dunn was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. Dunn was born in Coleman, Texas, and attended 13 schools in his first 12 years of school. He began school in New Mexico and finished his formal education at Abilene Christian University in 1975 as a psychology major. While playing bass guitar and singing with bands in clubs in the Abilene, Texas, area, the university gave him the choice of either quitting the band or the university. He left the university, then moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, for a chance at the country music scene. He lived there for many years while drawing much inspiration from local honky tonks such as Tulsa City Limits, prominently-featured in the music video for Brooks & Dunn's hit \"Boot Scootin' Boogie\". While in college, he served as a music and youth minister at Avoca Baptist Church in Avoca, Texas. Ronnie began his musical career as a solo artist. He charted two minor singles with Churchill/MCA Records: in 1983, he released \"It's Written All Over Your Face\", and in 1984, \"She Put the Sad in All His Songs\".", "If You See Him/ If You See Her \"If You See Him/If You See Her\" is a song written by Terry McBride, Jennifer Kimball and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire, along with the duo Brooks & Dunn. It served as the title track to each artist's respective 1998 albums (\"If You See Him\" for Reba, and \"If You See Her\" for Brooks & Dunn), both released on June 2 of that year. The song was concurrently promoted and distributed by both artists' labels: MCA Nashville and Arista Nashville, then the respective labels for McEntire and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks, giving McEntire her twenty-ninth number one single, and Brooks & Dunn their twelfth. On the Brooks & Dunn: The Last Rodeo special on (on CBS) May 23, 2010, Lady Antebellum sang this song with Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn coming in towards the end. The video starts off with Reba at a bar. Then, Kix Brooks comes to the bar. Then, Reba sings in an empty fancy theatre, along with Ronnie Dunn. A piano on the stage is seen in the background, and Kix is seen playing the piano.", "He then requested for radio to start playing \"Once\" as the next single. Before the song could be released to radio as a single, he was released from the label. In March 2013, Ronnie Dunn previewed the song \"Country This\" on Sound Cloud. On June 4, 2013, Ronnie released the two new tracks, \"Country This\" and \"Kiss You There\", exclusively on iTunes. The songs were each previewed for a month on The Highway on Sirius XM. On July 9, 2013, Dunn announced his new record deal, a joint effort between HitShop Records and his own label Little Will-E Records with HitShop executing radio promotion while Dunn retains personal brand control. The lead-off single for his second solo album, \"Kiss You There\", was released to country radio on July 29, 2013. After an unsuccessful run with \"Kiss You There\", Dunn and HitShop Records parted ways. On November 19, 2013, Dunn released the second single from the forthcoming album, \"Wish I Still Smoked Cigarettes\". In January 2014 Dunn also released \"Grown Damn Man\" as a promotional single from the second solo album. The album, \"Peace, Love and Country Music\", was released on April 8, 2014. On December 1, 2014, Ronnie Dunn began to speculate on his Facebook page that he had signed with the newest imprint of Big Machine Label Group, NASH Icon, but the label never confirmed nor denied. On January 12, 2015, President of Big Machine Scott Borchetta officially announced that Dunn had joined Reba McEntire and Martina McBride making him the third artist to join the roster. Borchetta stated in a press release \"Ronnie Dunn has one of the smoothest, most-recognized and most-popular voices of the last twenty-five years in Country music.", "Peace, Love, and Country Music  Peace, Love, and Country Music is the second solo studio album by country music artist Ronnie Dunn. The album was released on April 8, 2014 via Dunn's own record label Little Will-E Records. \"Peace, Love, and Country Music\" is Dunn's first solo release since 2011's \"Ronnie Dunn\" released on Arista Nashville. The lead off single for the album was \"Kiss You There\". It was released to radio on June 4, 2013 though a joint effort between Ronnie Dunn's Little Will-E Records and HitShop Records. The single charted #60 on the Billboards Country Airplay Charts. Following an unsuccessful radio run, LWR and HitShop parted ways. The second single from the album, \"I Wish I Still Smoked Cigarettes\", was released on iTunes on November 19, 2013. After the single's release, Dunn sat out on a small radio tour to promote the single. Following two top 20 singles from Dunn's debut solo album, \"Ronnie Dunn\", the third single, \"Let the Cowboy Rock\" was released in January 2012. The single stalled at #31 on the Country charts and Ronnie Dunn asked is fans through Facebook what they thought the fourth single should be. After this post, Ronnie was called by Sony when they informed him that his Facebook post \"killed\" the \"\"Let The Cowboy Rock\" single. Ronnie then suggested that the fourth single from the album be \"Once\". The single was never released. On June 7, 2012, one year after the release of the album, Ronnie announced on Facebook that he and Sony had parted ways. On June 4, 2013 Ronnie Dunn released a promo single \"Country This\" and the lead off single \"Kiss You There\" to Serius XM radio."], "answer": {"text": "), \"Try Me\" on Trisha Yearwood's 2005 album Jasper County, \"Raise the Barn\" on Keith Urban's 2006 album Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing,", "answer_start": 1415}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band break up and if so, when?", "answer": {"text": "In early September 1994, the duo collaborated with Johnny Cash on a rendition of his song \"Folsom Prison Blues\" for the album Red Hot + Country, a charity album", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they embark on their solo careers?", "answer": {"text": "Dunn has sung guest vocals on other artists' songs, including Lee Roy Parnell's mid-1994 cover of the Hank Williams song \"Take These Chains from My Heart\" (", "answer_start": 1227, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#4", "question": "Were they on tour?", "rewrite": "Were Brooks & Dunn on tour with other groups?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["List of awards and nominations received by Brooks &amp; Dunn  Brooks & Dunn was an American country music duo consisting of Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn. Active from 1991 to 2011, the duo recorded ten albums for Arista Nashville. Brooks & Dunn won Top Vocal Duo from the Country Music Association in every year from 1991 to 2006, except in 2000, and the Academy of Country Music's Top Vocal Duo several years. They have also won two Grammy Awards, both for Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The Academy of Country Music Awards are annual awards honoring the best in country music. Brooks & Dunn has won 23 awards from 67 nominations. The American Country Awards ran from 2010-2013, the awards show was fan-voted. Brooks & Dunn was nominated once. The American Country Countdown Awards are annual awards honoring country artists. Brooks & Dunn were honored with the Nash Icon Award recognizing their body of work and contribution to country music. The American Music Awards is an annual American music awards show , winners are voted upon by the general public. Brooks & Dunn has received twenty nominations, resulting in five awards. The Billboard Music Awards are annual awards based on album and digital songs sales, streaming, radio airplay, touring and social engagement. Brooks & Dunn has won three awards out of four nominations. The Blockbuster Entertainment Awards was an annual awards show held from 1995-2001. Brooks & Dunn received two nominations, winning once. The BMI Awards are annual awards honoring the best in songwriting in different genres. Brooks & Dunn received one award. From 2002-2004 CMT held an annual awards show to showcase the best country music videos. Brooks & Dunn won one award. The CMT Music Awards is a fan-voted awards show for country music videos and television performances. Brooks & Dunn have one award from eight nominations.", "Kix Brooks Leon Eric Brooks, III, known as Kix Brooks (born May 12, 1955), is an American country music artist, actor, and film producer best known for being one half of the duo Brooks & Dunn and host of radio's \"American Country Countdown\". Prior to the duo's foundation, he was a singer and songwriter, charting twice on Hot Country Songs and releasing an album for Capitol Records. Brooks and Ronnie Dunn comprised Brooks & Dunn for twenty years, then both members began solo careers. Brooks's solo career after Brooks & Dunn includes the album \"New to This Town\". In 2019, Brooks & Dunn were selected for the Country Music Hall of Fame. Brooks grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana. He has a sister, a half-sister, and a half-brother; his father also adopted a son of his third wife. After graduating from the former Sewanee Military Academy, an Episcopal school in Sewanee, Tennessee, Brooks attended Louisiana Tech University in Ruston as a theatre arts major. He moved to Alaska to work with his father on an oil pipeline for one summer, then returned to Louisiana Tech to finish his education. After graduating, he moved to Maine to write advertising for a company owned by his sister and brother-in-law. His father urged him to pursue his desire to become a musician, and Kix moved to Nashville, Tennessee in the early 1980's. His then-girlfriend (now wife Barbara, with whom he has a son and daughter) followed shortly thereafter. He worked for Tree Publishing as a staff songwriter. He recorded his first solo single, \"Baby, When Your Heart Breaks Down\", for Avion in 1983, but returned to songwriting after it failed to chart.", "Hillbilly Deluxe (Brooks &amp; Dunn album) Hillbilly Deluxe is the ninth studio album by country music duo Brooks & Dunn, released in 2005 on Arista Nashville. Certified Platinum in the United States by the RIAA, the album produced four singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts. The duo produced the majority of the album with Tony Brown. \"Hillbilly Deluxe\" was led off by the single \"Play Something Country.\" This song was co-written by Ronnie Dunn, one-half of Brooks & Dunn, along with former McBride & the Ride frontman Terry McBride, who plays bass in Brooks & Dunn's road band and co-writes several of their songs. \"Play Something Country\" was the duo's twentieth and final Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. \"Believe\" and \"Building Bridges\" (featuring guest vocals from Vince Gill and Sheryl Crow), were released as the album's second and third singles, respectively, and both were additional Top Ten hits. The title track was the final single released from the album, and it reached a peak of number 16. Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn produced the majority of the album with Tony Brown, except for \"My Heart's Not a Hotel\", which Brooks, Brown and Dunn produced with Mark Wright. Brooks and Tom Shapiro co-produced the demo for \"One More Roll of the Dice\" (which they also co-wrote), while the demos for \"Her West Was Wilder\" and \"She Likes to Get Out of Town\" were produced by Brooks and Bob DiPiero, who also co-wrote those tracks with Brooks. Compiled from liner notes. Musicians   Choir on \"Believe\" and \"Again\"   Production", "Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks &amp; Dunn  Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn is a 2008 compilation album by Brooks & Dunn. It is part of a series of similar \"Playlist\" albums issued by Sony BMG, the parent company of Brooks & Dunn's label, Arista Nashville. The album features 10 of Brooks & Dunn's singles. \" Best of My Love\" was originally included on \"\", \"Against the Wind\" on the \"King of the Hill\" soundtrack and \"I Ain't Living Long Like This\" on \"I've Always Been Crazy: A Tribute to Waylon Jennings\", while \"The Fightin' Side of Me\" was previously unissued. \" Only in America\" is a live performance from Farm Aid 2003. \"Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn\" received three out of five stars from InMusic. The author wrote that \"this greatest hits compilation is filled with the Brooks & Dunn tracks that have made the country duo a staple among new country enthusiasts.\" \"Playlist: The Very Best of Brooks & Dunn\" peaked at No. 48 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart the week of January 24, 2009.", "If You See Him/ If You See Her \"If You See Him/If You See Her\" is a song written by Terry McBride, Jennifer Kimball and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire, along with the duo Brooks & Dunn. It served as the title track to each artist's respective 1998 albums (\"If You See Him\" for Reba, and \"If You See Her\" for Brooks & Dunn), both released on June 2 of that year. The song was concurrently promoted and distributed by both artists' labels: MCA Nashville and Arista Nashville, then the respective labels for McEntire and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks, giving McEntire her twenty-ninth number one single, and Brooks & Dunn their twelfth. On the Brooks & Dunn: The Last Rodeo special on (on CBS) May 23, 2010, Lady Antebellum sang this song with Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn coming in towards the end. The video starts off with Reba at a bar. Then, Kix Brooks comes to the bar. Then, Reba sings in an empty fancy theatre, along with Ronnie Dunn. A piano on the stage is seen in the background, and Kix is seen playing the piano."], "answer": {"text": "He also sang duet vocals with Carlene Carter on a cover of Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash's \"Jackson\" for the 2007 tribute album Anchored in Love:", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band break up and if so, when?", "answer": {"text": "In early September 1994, the duo collaborated with Johnny Cash on a rendition of his song \"Folsom Prison Blues\" for the album Red Hot + Country, a charity album", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they embark on their solo careers?", "answer": {"text": "Dunn has sung guest vocals on other artists' songs, including Lee Roy Parnell's mid-1994 cover of the Hank Williams song \"Take These Chains from My Heart\" (", "answer_start": 1227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he record it?", "answer": {"text": "), \"Try Me\" on Trisha Yearwood's 2005 album Jasper County, \"Raise the Barn\" on Keith Urban's 2006 album Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing,", "answer_start": 1415, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#5", "question": "Who is \"he\"?", "rewrite": "Who is Ronnie Dunn?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peace, Love, and Country Music  Peace, Love, and Country Music is the second solo studio album by country music artist Ronnie Dunn. The album was released on April 8, 2014 via Dunn's own record label Little Will-E Records. \"Peace, Love, and Country Music\" is Dunn's first solo release since 2011's \"Ronnie Dunn\" released on Arista Nashville. The lead off single for the album was \"Kiss You There\". It was released to radio on June 4, 2013 though a joint effort between Ronnie Dunn's Little Will-E Records and HitShop Records. The single charted #60 on the Billboards Country Airplay Charts. Following an unsuccessful radio run, LWR and HitShop parted ways. The second single from the album, \"I Wish I Still Smoked Cigarettes\", was released on iTunes on November 19, 2013. After the single's release, Dunn sat out on a small radio tour to promote the single. Following two top 20 singles from Dunn's debut solo album, \"Ronnie Dunn\", the third single, \"Let the Cowboy Rock\" was released in January 2012. The single stalled at #31 on the Country charts and Ronnie Dunn asked is fans through Facebook what they thought the fourth single should be. After this post, Ronnie was called by Sony when they informed him that his Facebook post \"killed\" the \"\"Let The Cowboy Rock\" single. Ronnie then suggested that the fourth single from the album be \"Once\". The single was never released. On June 7, 2012, one year after the release of the album, Ronnie announced on Facebook that he and Sony had parted ways. On June 4, 2013 Ronnie Dunn released a promo single \"Country This\" and the lead off single \"Kiss You There\" to Serius XM radio.", "He then requested for radio to start playing \"Once\" as the next single. Before the song could be released to radio as a single, he was released from the label. In March 2013, Ronnie Dunn previewed the song \"Country This\" on Sound Cloud. On June 4, 2013, Ronnie released the two new tracks, \"Country This\" and \"Kiss You There\", exclusively on iTunes. The songs were each previewed for a month on The Highway on Sirius XM. On July 9, 2013, Dunn announced his new record deal, a joint effort between HitShop Records and his own label Little Will-E Records with HitShop executing radio promotion while Dunn retains personal brand control. The lead-off single for his second solo album, \"Kiss You There\", was released to country radio on July 29, 2013. After an unsuccessful run with \"Kiss You There\", Dunn and HitShop Records parted ways. On November 19, 2013, Dunn released the second single from the forthcoming album, \"Wish I Still Smoked Cigarettes\". In January 2014 Dunn also released \"Grown Damn Man\" as a promotional single from the second solo album. The album, \"Peace, Love and Country Music\", was released on April 8, 2014. On December 1, 2014, Ronnie Dunn began to speculate on his Facebook page that he had signed with the newest imprint of Big Machine Label Group, NASH Icon, but the label never confirmed nor denied. On January 12, 2015, President of Big Machine Scott Borchetta officially announced that Dunn had joined Reba McEntire and Martina McBride making him the third artist to join the roster. Borchetta stated in a press release \"Ronnie Dunn has one of the smoothest, most-recognized and most-popular voices of the last twenty-five years in Country music.", "If You See Him/ If You See Her \"If You See Him/If You See Her\" is a song written by Terry McBride, Jennifer Kimball and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire, along with the duo Brooks & Dunn. It served as the title track to each artist's respective 1998 albums (\"If You See Him\" for Reba, and \"If You See Her\" for Brooks & Dunn), both released on June 2 of that year. The song was concurrently promoted and distributed by both artists' labels: MCA Nashville and Arista Nashville, then the respective labels for McEntire and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks, giving McEntire her twenty-ninth number one single, and Brooks & Dunn their twelfth. On the Brooks & Dunn: The Last Rodeo special on (on CBS) May 23, 2010, Lady Antebellum sang this song with Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn coming in towards the end. The video starts off with Reba at a bar. Then, Kix Brooks comes to the bar. Then, Reba sings in an empty fancy theatre, along with Ronnie Dunn. A piano on the stage is seen in the background, and Kix is seen playing the piano.", "Ronnie Dunn (album) Ronnie Dunn is the first solo studio album by the country music artist Ronnie Dunn. The album was released on June 7, 2011, by Arista Nashville. The album was Dunn's first release of solo music in nearly 25 years; he released three singles in the 1980s without issuing an album. The album's first single, \"Bleed Red\", was released to country music radio on January 31, 2011, and became a top ten hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart. A second single, \"Cost of Livin'\", was scheduled to be released to radio on June 27, 2011, but the single entered the country chart two weeks before its release, debuting at number 56. \"Ronnie Dunn\" is Dunn's first solo music in 25 years and appeared less than a year after his split as one-half of Brooks & Dunn. Dunn wrote or co-wrote nine of the album's twelve tracks. \" Bleed Red\", the first single, was not one of them. \"Ronnie Dunn\" debuted at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and number one on the Top Country Albums, selling 45,000 copies in the U.S. Up to August 2016, the album had sold 266,000 copies in the US.", "Ronnie Dunn Ronnie Gene Dunn (born June 1, 1953) is an American country music singer-songwriter and record executive. Starting 2011, Dunn works as a solo artist following the temporary dissolution of Brooks & Dunn. He released his self-titled debut album for Arista Nashville on June 7, 2011, reaching the Top 10 with its lead-off single \"Bleed Red\". In 2013, after leaving Arista Nashville in 2012, Dunn founded Little Will-E Records. On April 8, 2014, Ronnie Dunn released his second solo album, \"Peace, Love, and Country Music\" through his Little Will-E Records. On November 11, 2016, he released his third album \"Tattooed Heart\" on NASH Icon label. In 2019, Dunn was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame. Dunn was born in Coleman, Texas, and attended 13 schools in his first 12 years of school. He began school in New Mexico and finished his formal education at Abilene Christian University in 1975 as a psychology major. While playing bass guitar and singing with bands in clubs in the Abilene, Texas, area, the university gave him the choice of either quitting the band or the university. He left the university, then moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, for a chance at the country music scene. He lived there for many years while drawing much inspiration from local honky tonks such as Tulsa City Limits, prominently-featured in the music video for Brooks & Dunn's hit \"Boot Scootin' Boogie\". While in college, he served as a music and youth minister at Avoca Baptist Church in Avoca, Texas. Ronnie began his musical career as a solo artist. He charted two minor singles with Churchill/MCA Records: in 1983, he released \"It's Written All Over Your Face\", and in 1984, \"She Put the Sad in All His Songs\"."], "answer": {"text": "Dunn", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band break up and if so, when?", "answer": {"text": "In early September 1994, the duo collaborated with Johnny Cash on a rendition of his song \"Folsom Prison Blues\" for the album Red Hot + Country, a charity album", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they embark on their solo careers?", "answer": {"text": "Dunn has sung guest vocals on other artists' songs, including Lee Roy Parnell's mid-1994 cover of the Hank Williams song \"Take These Chains from My Heart\" (", "answer_start": 1227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he record it?", "answer": {"text": "), \"Try Me\" on Trisha Yearwood's 2005 album Jasper County, \"Raise the Barn\" on Keith Urban's 2006 album Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing,", "answer_start": 1415, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on tour?", "answer": {"text": "He also sang duet vocals with Carlene Carter on a cover of Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash's \"Jackson\" for the 2007 tribute album Anchored in Love:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#6", "question": "What was Brooks doing?", "rewrite": "What was Brooks doing for his solo career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brooks and Dan Tyler co-wrote Modern Day Romance, released by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in June 1985; it became the band's second No. 1 hit on the country chart. Brooks released an album, \"Kix Brooks\", in 1989 on Capitol Records. This album also featured the song \"Sacred Ground rising to No. 2 country hit for McBride & the Ride in 1992. He was one half of country music duo Brooks & Dunn. Their 1991 debut album, \"Brand New Man\", generated four number- one hit singles on the country charts. Brooks usually provided backing vocals on their songs and singles. The singles featuring Brooks on lead vocals include, \"You're Gonna Miss Me When I'm Gone\", rising to No. 1, \"Lost and Found,\" \"Rock My World (Little Country Girl),\" \"Mama Don't Get Dressed Up for Nothing,\" \"South of Santa Fe\", and \"Why Would I Say Goodbye.\" On August 10, 2009, Brooks & Dunn announced to their fans, via their website they intended to disband after twenty years of touring. According to the short statement released on their web site, Brooks & Dunn intended to release a greatest hits album, tour during the rest of 2009, and have a farewell tour in 2010. Brooks resumed his solo career in 2012, releasing a new 12-track album on September 11, 2012. \"New to This Town\" features nine songs co-written by Brooks, including the album's first single, the title track. He followed his second album with the soundtrack to the western film \"Ambush at Dark Canyon\" in 2014. Brooks composed the majority of the musical score as well as starring in the film.", "Meredith Brooks Meredith Ann Brooks (born June 12, 1958) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist best known for her 1997 hit song \"Bitch\", for which she was nominated for a Grammy Award. Brooks started her music career in 1976 as a member of an all-female band called Sapphire, based in Eugene, Oregon, touring and recording with CMS Records in the Pacific Northwest. Her bandmates were Janis Gaines, Cynthia Larsen, Patricia French and Pam Johnson. Seeking greater success, Brooks pushed the band to move to Seattle without Gaines on keyboards, reducing Sapphire to a foursome. In Seattle, Sapphire recorded at Kaye-Smith Studios at the same time as Heart. When this version of the band split in 1982, Brooks moved to Los Angeles to develop a solo career, releasing an album titled \"Meredith Brooks\" in 1986, which saw limited success in Mexico. In 1987, she joined Charlotte Caffey and Gia Ciambotti to form the trio the Graces, releasing the single \"Lay Down Your Arms\" which rose to number 56 on \"Billboard\"s charts. The Graces subsequently released an album, \"Perfect View\", and three more singles, but these did not chart, and the Graces were dropped from the A&M label in 1991. In 1995, Brooks landed a solo contract with Capitol Records. After two years, her first single, \"Bitch\", was released, and she was nominated twice for the 1998 Grammy Awards, for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance and Best Rock Song. The single went Platinum in Australia. Her album \"Blurring the Edges\" achieved Platinum sales, peaking at 22 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and 5 on the UK Albums Chart. The album was produced by David Ricketts, formerly of David and David, and he also played keyboards (among other instruments) on the album.", "List of awards and nominations received by Busta Rhymes Among the awards won by the American musician Busta Rhymes are The Source Awards (1999), Soul Train Music Awards (2000), the Smash Hits Poll Winners Party (2005), Myx Music Award (2006), and the BET Hip Hop Awards (2006 and 2011). He has been nominated many times for the Grammy Award and the MTV Video Music Award. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for one \"Billboard\" Music Award during his solo career. The Winter Music Conference was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually. Busta Rhymes received one award out of one nomination. Busta Rhymes has won a Soul Train Music Award and has been nominated for two Soul Train Music Awards during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for one American Music Award during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has won a Source Award during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 12 Grammy Awards during his solo career. Busta Rhymes has been nominated for 16 MTV Video Music Awards during his solo career. The Myx Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony presented by the Philippine music video channel myx. Busta Rhymes received one nomination and won one. The Smash Hits Poll Winners Party were an awards ceremony which ran from 1988 to 2005. Each award winner was voted by readers of the \"Smash Hits\" magazine. Busta Rhymes received one award from one nomination.", "Kix Brooks Leon Eric Brooks, III, known as Kix Brooks (born May 12, 1955), is an American country music artist, actor, and film producer best known for being one half of the duo Brooks & Dunn and host of radio's \"American Country Countdown\". Prior to the duo's foundation, he was a singer and songwriter, charting twice on Hot Country Songs and releasing an album for Capitol Records. Brooks and Ronnie Dunn comprised Brooks & Dunn for twenty years, then both members began solo careers. Brooks's solo career after Brooks & Dunn includes the album \"New to This Town\". In 2019, Brooks & Dunn were selected for the Country Music Hall of Fame. Brooks grew up in Shreveport, Louisiana. He has a sister, a half-sister, and a half-brother; his father also adopted a son of his third wife. After graduating from the former Sewanee Military Academy, an Episcopal school in Sewanee, Tennessee, Brooks attended Louisiana Tech University in Ruston as a theatre arts major. He moved to Alaska to work with his father on an oil pipeline for one summer, then returned to Louisiana Tech to finish his education. After graduating, he moved to Maine to write advertising for a company owned by his sister and brother-in-law. His father urged him to pursue his desire to become a musician, and Kix moved to Nashville, Tennessee in the early 1980's. His then-girlfriend (now wife Barbara, with whom he has a son and daughter) followed shortly thereafter. He worked for Tree Publishing as a staff songwriter. He recorded his first solo single, \"Baby, When Your Heart Breaks Down\", for Avion in 1983, but returned to songwriting after it failed to chart.", "Ronnie Baker Brooks Ronnie Baker Brooks (born January 23, 1967) is an American Chicago blues and soul blues guitarist, singer and songwriter. He was a respected club performer in Chicago, before recording three solo albums for Watchdog Records. The son of fellow Chicago blues musician Lonnie Brooks, he is the brother of another blues guitarist, Wayne Baker Brooks. AllMusic journalist, Andy Whitman, described Brooks as \"... a better than average soul singer, a fine blues interpreter, and a monster guitarist with an ample supply of technique and passion.\" He was born Rodney Dion Baker in Chicago, Illinois, United States. At the age of nine, he first appeared on stage playing guitar alongside his father. In 1985, he graduated from Hales Franciscan High School. He learned to play bass guitar and joined his father's band in 1986. He played guitar on his father's live album, \"Live from Chicago: Bayou Lightning Strikes\", released by Alligator Records in 1988. He was then part of Alligator Records' 20th Anniversary Tour, performing alongside Koko Taylor, Elvin Bishop, and Lil' Ed Williams. By 1998, Brooks was pursuing a solo career. His debut album, \"Golddigger\", was released the same year by the Watchdog label. It was produced by Janet Jackson. He was nominated for a Blues Music Award in 2000 for Best New Artist. His second album, \"Take Me Witcha\", was released in May 2001. Brooks next album was \"The Torch\" (2006). The \"Boston Herald\" described it as \"ferocious and unrelenting, \"The Torch\" may be the year's best blues album. \" The album included contributions from Lonnie Brooks, Eddy Clearwater, Jimmy Johnson, Willie Kent, and Al Kapone and was produced by Jellybean Johnson."], "answer": {"text": "In January 2006, Brooks succeeded Bob Kingsley as the host of the radio countdown show American Country Countdown, while Kingsley moved to his own show,", "answer_start": 1021}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band break up and if so, when?", "answer": {"text": "In early September 1994, the duo collaborated with Johnny Cash on a rendition of his song \"Folsom Prison Blues\" for the album Red Hot + Country, a charity album", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they embark on their solo careers?", "answer": {"text": "Dunn has sung guest vocals on other artists' songs, including Lee Roy Parnell's mid-1994 cover of the Hank Williams song \"Take These Chains from My Heart\" (", "answer_start": 1227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he record it?", "answer": {"text": "), \"Try Me\" on Trisha Yearwood's 2005 album Jasper County, \"Raise the Barn\" on Keith Urban's 2006 album Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing,", "answer_start": 1415, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on tour?", "answer": {"text": "He also sang duet vocals with Carlene Carter on a cover of Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash's \"Jackson\" for the 2007 tribute album Anchored in Love:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who is \"he\"?", "answer": {"text": "Dunn", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_29355f596903415a98b44cadd09da603_0_q#7", "question": "Are they currently working on anything?", "rewrite": "Are Brooks & Dunn currently working on anything?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["If You See Him/ If You See Her \"If You See Him/If You See Her\" is a song written by Terry McBride, Jennifer Kimball and Tommy Lee James, and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire, along with the duo Brooks & Dunn. It served as the title track to each artist's respective 1998 albums (\"If You See Him\" for Reba, and \"If You See Her\" for Brooks & Dunn), both released on June 2 of that year. The song was concurrently promoted and distributed by both artists' labels: MCA Nashville and Arista Nashville, then the respective labels for McEntire and Brooks & Dunn. It is the only single to feature both Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn on vocals. It is a ballad, alternating McEntire's vocals with those of Ronnie Dunn (one half of the duo), while Kix Brooks (the other half) provides harmony vocals on the verses sung by Dunn. McEntire and Brooks & Dunn debuted the song at the Academy of Country Music awards in 1998. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts for the week of June 27, 1998, and held that position for two weeks, giving McEntire her twenty-ninth number one single, and Brooks & Dunn their twelfth. On the Brooks & Dunn: The Last Rodeo special on (on CBS) May 23, 2010, Lady Antebellum sang this song with Reba McEntire and Brooks & Dunn coming in towards the end. The video starts off with Reba at a bar. Then, Kix Brooks comes to the bar. Then, Reba sings in an empty fancy theatre, along with Ronnie Dunn. A piano on the stage is seen in the background, and Kix is seen playing the piano.", "Ron Dunn Ronald Ray Dunn (born January 24, 1950 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) is a former Major League Baseball player. Dunn played for the Chicago Cubs in and . He was primarily used as a pinch hitter, but was also used as a second baseman and third baseman. Dunn currently resides in San Jose, CA. , or Retrosheet", "List of awards and nominations received by Brooks &amp; Dunn  Brooks & Dunn was an American country music duo consisting of Kix Brooks and Ronnie Dunn. Active from 1991 to 2011, the duo recorded ten albums for Arista Nashville. Brooks & Dunn won Top Vocal Duo from the Country Music Association in every year from 1991 to 2006, except in 2000, and the Academy of Country Music's Top Vocal Duo several years. They have also won two Grammy Awards, both for Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal. The Academy of Country Music Awards are annual awards honoring the best in country music. Brooks & Dunn has won 23 awards from 67 nominations. The American Country Awards ran from 2010-2013, the awards show was fan-voted. Brooks & Dunn was nominated once. The American Country Countdown Awards are annual awards honoring country artists. Brooks & Dunn were honored with the Nash Icon Award recognizing their body of work and contribution to country music. The American Music Awards is an annual American music awards show , winners are voted upon by the general public. Brooks & Dunn has received twenty nominations, resulting in five awards. The Billboard Music Awards are annual awards based on album and digital songs sales, streaming, radio airplay, touring and social engagement. Brooks & Dunn has won three awards out of four nominations. The Blockbuster Entertainment Awards was an annual awards show held from 1995-2001. Brooks & Dunn received two nominations, winning once. The BMI Awards are annual awards honoring the best in songwriting in different genres. Brooks & Dunn received one award. From 2002-2004 CMT held an annual awards show to showcase the best country music videos. Brooks & Dunn won one award. The CMT Music Awards is a fan-voted awards show for country music videos and television performances. Brooks & Dunn have one award from eight nominations.", "Robert Dunn (novelist)  Robert Dunn (born 1950) is the author of seven musical novels, \"Pink Cadillac\" (2001), \"Cutting Time\" (2003), \"Soul Cavalcade\" (2005), \"Meet the Annas\" (2007), \"Look at Flower\" (2011), \"\" (2013), and \"Savage Joy\" (2017). The novels are published under Dunn's own independent publishing company, Coral Press, located in New York City. His novel \"The Sting Rays\" is available online at Electron Press. Dunn has won an O. Henry Prize for his short story \"Hopeless Acts Performed Properly, With Grace. \" He has also written for \"The New Yorker\", \"The Atlantic\", \"The New York Times Book Review\", \"The Sewanee Review\", \"Omni Magazine\", the \"Mississippi Review\", and \"Mother Jones\". He was born in Santa Monica, Calif., and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley. From 1976 to '82, he was on the editorial staff of \"The New Yorker\" magazine. In 1982, he spent a residency at the artists' colony Yaddo. For the final three years of the novelist Bernard Malamud's life (1983\u201386) Dunn was his literary assistant. Dunn currently teaches fiction writing and a course in photobooks at The New School in New York City and has taught at Dickinson College in the past. At The New School, he taught the first on-line fiction writing class through their innovative Dial Program and set the model for classes that followed. In 2016, he taught the first photobook course at the University. His musical group, Thin Wild Mercury, played often in NYC and was a regular act at CBGB before its closing. Additionally, Dunn worked for years as a copyreader at \"Sports Illustrated\".", "As of May 2015, models.com declared her a \"New Super\", a selection of models who are recognised as modern day supermodels; having transcended the fashion industry and established themselves as brands and celebrities. She won the \"Inspiration Award\" at the \"Glamour\" Women of the Year Awards 2015, for her philanthropic work raising awareness for Sickle-cell disease and her consistent activism for diversity within the modeling industry. In November 2015, she won \"Model of the Year\" at the British Fashion Awards, for the second time. In 2014, \"Forbes\" listed Dunn in their top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $US4 million in one year. She was the first Black British model to make the list. She appeared on the February cover of British \"Vogue\" in 2015, becoming the first solo Black model to grace the cover in 12 years. Dunn appeared in the music videos for \"Yonc\u00e9\" and \"XO\" from Beyonc\u00e9's fifth self-titled studio album which is widely described as a \"visual album\" due to every song being accompanied by a music video. The videos were shot in Brooklyn and Coney Island, New York, respectively. The \"Yonc\u00e9\" video was directed by Ricky Saiz and features fellow models Joan Smalls and Chanel Iman. The video was inspired by the 1990 David Fincher video for \"Freedom\" by George Michael, which also featured models, such as Naomi Campbell. The \"XO\" video was directed by Terry Richardson and features Dunn alongside Jessica White and Diandra Forres. Dunn currently hosts a cooking show entitled \"Well Dunn\", on Jay Z's Life+Times YouTube channel. The web show has featured celebrity guest co-chefs, such as 2 Chainz, Wale, Karlie Kloss, Chanel Iman, Cara Delevingne and Joan Smalls."], "answer": {"text": "Brooks received an Academy of Country Music nomination for National On-Air Radio Personality in 2010, and again in 2011.", "answer_start": 1205}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brooks & Dunn split up?", "answer": {"text": "Brooks & Dunn have also contributed to several soundtracks and compilation albums. In 1994, they recorded \"Ride 'em High, Ride 'em Low\"", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band break up and if so, when?", "answer": {"text": "In early September 1994, the duo collaborated with Johnny Cash on a rendition of his song \"Folsom Prison Blues\" for the album Red Hot + Country, a charity album", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they embark on their solo careers?", "answer": {"text": "Dunn has sung guest vocals on other artists' songs, including Lee Roy Parnell's mid-1994 cover of the Hank Williams song \"Take These Chains from My Heart\" (", "answer_start": 1227, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he record it?", "answer": {"text": "), \"Try Me\" on Trisha Yearwood's 2005 album Jasper County, \"Raise the Barn\" on Keith Urban's 2006 album Love, Pain & the Whole Crazy Thing,", "answer_start": 1415, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on tour?", "answer": {"text": "He also sang duet vocals with Carlene Carter on a cover of Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash's \"Jackson\" for the 2007 tribute album Anchored in Love:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who is \"he\"?", "answer": {"text": "Dunn", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Brooks doing?", "answer": {"text": "In January 2006, Brooks succeeded Bob Kingsley as the host of the radio countdown show American Country Countdown, while Kingsley moved to his own show,", "answer_start": 1021, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb4ec9d6969c4f3e894da5b20d0394a8_1_q#0", "question": "What happened to Ratt in 1973?", "rewrite": "What happened to Ratt in 1973?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Blotzer Robert John Blotzer (born October 22, 1958 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American musician best known as the past drummer for metal band Ratt. He attended Torrance High School in Torrance California along with his ex Ratt bandmate Juan Croucier. Blotzer began his career playing with Don Dokken along with Juan Croucier. Blotzer and Croucier left Dokken in 1978 to form FireFoxx along with Ron Abrams on guitar. He became Ratt's drummer in 1982. Along with bassist Juan Croucier, he had previously played with noted Italian/Swiss guitarist Vic Vergeat, including a tour of the U.S. behind Vergeat's 1981 solo album \" Down to the Bone\". Ratt had five consecutive platinum albums during the 1980s. At the beginning of the 1990s Ratt's popularity waned, and the band called it quits in 1992. Blotzer started a more normal life outside the public eye. Five years later Ratt reformed and toured once again. In 2000 Stephen Pearcy apparently quit the group, and shortly thereafter Bobby had exhibited an extreme dislike for Pearcy, who had sued the band for continuing under the \"Ratt\" name and claimed the band ruined their worldwide deal with Sony. Blotzer heavily denied the claims and said they were a bunch of \"pathologic lies\", adding that Pearcy was a \"sick person\". Blotzer and Ratt guitarist Warren DeMartini subsequently won the court case to use the \"Ratt\" name. In 2002 former Ratt guitarist Robbin Crosby died of AIDS-related complications, and heroin overdose, which marked one of the most painful parts of Blotzer's life.", "Blotzer posted a message to his late bandmate affectionately referred to as \"The King\" by fans on the group's official web site and called Crosby \"one of the most kind hearted, the most compassionate, intelligent, talented\" people he had ever known. In 2007 Stephen Pearcy reunited with the group, thus putting an end to the tensions between the two. In 2009 Metal Sludge reported that he was arrested and booked on charges of domestic violence. In 2010 Blotzer released an auto-biographical book, \"Tales of A Ratt \u2013 Things You Shouldn't Know\". On September 2, 2012 it was announced Bobby would be joining Geoff Tate's lineup formed after his dismissal from Queensr\u00ffche, but he left on January 25, 2013 to return playing with Ratt. On April 24, 2014, Stephen Pearcy announced he had left the band again. After this, Ratt went on hiatus. In March 2015, Blotzer guested with Las Vegas band Sin City Sinners. Blotzer asked Sinners' singer Joshua Alan, guitarist Michael \"Doc\" Ellis, and bassist Scott Griffin to join him in forming a new version of RATT. They toured under the name \"Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience,\" performing Ratt songs. In September 2015, Blotzer announced that he had taken control of the Ratt brand and would take his band on tour in 2016 using the Ratt name. However, within days, Warren DeMartini spoke out against Blotzer using the name, as he owns half of the Ratt name as part of WBS, Inc., the company owned by him and Blotzer.", "List of Ratt members Ratt is an American glam metal band from San Diego, California. Formed in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt, the group originally included lead vocalist and guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist Tim Garcia and drummer Bob Eisenberg. In 1982, Ratt finalised its \"classic lineup\" of Pearcy, lead guitarist Warren DeMartini, rhythm guitarist Robbin Crosby, bassist Juan Croucier and drummer Bobby Blotzer. The band has been through numerous lineup changes in the ensuing years, and currently consists of Pearcy, Croucier (both of whom rejoined in 2016), guitarists Jordan Ziff and Chris Sanders, and drummer Pete Holmes (all of whom joined in 2018). Ratt originally formed in San Diego, California in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt. The band originally included lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Garcia, and drummer Bob Eisenberg. After John Turner took over from Eisenberg, the band relocated to Los Angeles in January 1980. Garcia opted to return to San Diego not long after, and was replaced by Dave Jellison a few months later. Paul DeNisco briefly joined as a second guitarist. After a few years of touring, Hager left in 1981 to pursue other projects, with Turner and Jellison following not long after. Pearcy rebuilt the band with the addition of guitarists Jake E. Lee and Bob DeLellis, bassist Matt Thorr and drummer Dave Alford, as well as renaming it M. Ratt and, later, Ratt. The lineup lasted only a few months, with Alford and Lee quitting after Pearcy fired DeLellis without consulting them. The pair subsequently formed Rough Cutt together.", "Body Talk (Ratt song) \"Body Talk\" is a song written and recorded by heavy metal band Ratt. The song is primarily written by Ratt's bassist Juan Croucier. Ratt's guitarist Warren DeMartini had the song's opening riffs for years. However, no one was able to develop it into a song. Under a very tight deadline (one day to be exact), Ratt bassist Juan Croucier stepped in. He wrote all the vocal melodies and lyrics, adding additional chord progressions to the one riff that had been around for years. The song title was apparently conceived of by Ratt producer Beau Hill or vocalist Stephen Pearcy. It appears as the fifth track of their third full-length album \"Dancing Undercover\" and the eleventh track of their compilation album \"Ratt & Roll 81-91\". It was also used as a soundtrack for Eddie Murphy's film \"The Golden Child\". The video was added on MTV in late '86, while \"Dance\" was still in heavy rotation. The song was written by Ratt vocalist Stephen Pearcy, bassist Juan Croucier and guitarist Warren DeMartini. In the US, only promo singles of each track were issued separately.", "Joshua Alan Joshua Alan (born November 28, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, and was the singer for RATT during the American Made 2016 tour. He was born in Tampa, Florida, and grew up in Hampton, Georgia, a small town approximately south of Atlanta. Showing an early interest in music, Alan's mother brought home an acoustic guitar when he was 6 years old. He began learning songs he heard on the radio by ear. Other instruments he plays include piano, drums, bass guitar, banjo, and mandolin. In 2010, he moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, to expand his musical career. After filtering through several local bands, Alan found his niche in 2014 when he joined up with the Sin City Sinners, leading the vocals for the band that included members Brent Muscat (Faster Pussycat), Scott Griffin (RATT and L.A. Guns), Michael \u201cDoc\u201d Ellis (RATT, Love/Hate, and Todd Kerns and the Anti-Stars), and Blas Elias (Slaughter). In March 2015, RATT drummer Bobby Blotzer guested with the Sinners. Blotzer asked Josh and fellow Sinners' members Doc and Scott to join him in forming a new version of RATT. Josh toured with Blotzer's version of RATT while continuing as the singer for the Sin City Sinners. February 14, 2016, the Sinners released the album \" Let It Burn\". On February 19, 2016, Josh announced his departure from the Sin City Sinners in order to work full-time with RATT. During this time, he toured world-wide with RATT as lead vocalist for the American Made tour, performing throughout the United States, in Canada, and the U.K. On January 23, 2017, Josh resigned from RATT to pursue his own musical career."], "answer": {"text": "a band called Firedome, founded by singer Stephen Pearcy with a few friends.", "answer_start": 62}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bb4ec9d6969c4f3e894da5b20d0394a8_1_q#1", "question": "how did they get the name Ratt?", "rewrite": "How did the band get the name Ratt?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joshua Alan Joshua Alan (born November 28, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, and was the singer for RATT during the American Made 2016 tour. He was born in Tampa, Florida, and grew up in Hampton, Georgia, a small town approximately south of Atlanta. Showing an early interest in music, Alan's mother brought home an acoustic guitar when he was 6 years old. He began learning songs he heard on the radio by ear. Other instruments he plays include piano, drums, bass guitar, banjo, and mandolin. In 2010, he moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, to expand his musical career. After filtering through several local bands, Alan found his niche in 2014 when he joined up with the Sin City Sinners, leading the vocals for the band that included members Brent Muscat (Faster Pussycat), Scott Griffin (RATT and L.A. Guns), Michael \u201cDoc\u201d Ellis (RATT, Love/Hate, and Todd Kerns and the Anti-Stars), and Blas Elias (Slaughter). In March 2015, RATT drummer Bobby Blotzer guested with the Sinners. Blotzer asked Josh and fellow Sinners' members Doc and Scott to join him in forming a new version of RATT. Josh toured with Blotzer's version of RATT while continuing as the singer for the Sin City Sinners. February 14, 2016, the Sinners released the album \" Let It Burn\". On February 19, 2016, Josh announced his departure from the Sin City Sinners in order to work full-time with RATT. During this time, he toured world-wide with RATT as lead vocalist for the American Made tour, performing throughout the United States, in Canada, and the U.K. On January 23, 2017, Josh resigned from RATT to pursue his own musical career.", "Blotzer posted a message to his late bandmate affectionately referred to as \"The King\" by fans on the group's official web site and called Crosby \"one of the most kind hearted, the most compassionate, intelligent, talented\" people he had ever known. In 2007 Stephen Pearcy reunited with the group, thus putting an end to the tensions between the two. In 2009 Metal Sludge reported that he was arrested and booked on charges of domestic violence. In 2010 Blotzer released an auto-biographical book, \"Tales of A Ratt \u2013 Things You Shouldn't Know\". On September 2, 2012 it was announced Bobby would be joining Geoff Tate's lineup formed after his dismissal from Queensr\u00ffche, but he left on January 25, 2013 to return playing with Ratt. On April 24, 2014, Stephen Pearcy announced he had left the band again. After this, Ratt went on hiatus. In March 2015, Blotzer guested with Las Vegas band Sin City Sinners. Blotzer asked Sinners' singer Joshua Alan, guitarist Michael \"Doc\" Ellis, and bassist Scott Griffin to join him in forming a new version of RATT. They toured under the name \"Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience,\" performing Ratt songs. In September 2015, Blotzer announced that he had taken control of the Ratt brand and would take his band on tour in 2016 using the Ratt name. However, within days, Warren DeMartini spoke out against Blotzer using the name, as he owns half of the Ratt name as part of WBS, Inc., the company owned by him and Blotzer.", "Bobby Blotzer Robert John Blotzer (born October 22, 1958 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American musician best known as the past drummer for metal band Ratt. He attended Torrance High School in Torrance California along with his ex Ratt bandmate Juan Croucier. Blotzer began his career playing with Don Dokken along with Juan Croucier. Blotzer and Croucier left Dokken in 1978 to form FireFoxx along with Ron Abrams on guitar. He became Ratt's drummer in 1982. Along with bassist Juan Croucier, he had previously played with noted Italian/Swiss guitarist Vic Vergeat, including a tour of the U.S. behind Vergeat's 1981 solo album \" Down to the Bone\". Ratt had five consecutive platinum albums during the 1980s. At the beginning of the 1990s Ratt's popularity waned, and the band called it quits in 1992. Blotzer started a more normal life outside the public eye. Five years later Ratt reformed and toured once again. In 2000 Stephen Pearcy apparently quit the group, and shortly thereafter Bobby had exhibited an extreme dislike for Pearcy, who had sued the band for continuing under the \"Ratt\" name and claimed the band ruined their worldwide deal with Sony. Blotzer heavily denied the claims and said they were a bunch of \"pathologic lies\", adding that Pearcy was a \"sick person\". Blotzer and Ratt guitarist Warren DeMartini subsequently won the court case to use the \"Ratt\" name. In 2002 former Ratt guitarist Robbin Crosby died of AIDS-related complications, and heroin overdose, which marked one of the most painful parts of Blotzer's life.", "List of Ratt members Ratt is an American glam metal band from San Diego, California. Formed in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt, the group originally included lead vocalist and guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist Tim Garcia and drummer Bob Eisenberg. In 1982, Ratt finalised its \"classic lineup\" of Pearcy, lead guitarist Warren DeMartini, rhythm guitarist Robbin Crosby, bassist Juan Croucier and drummer Bobby Blotzer. The band has been through numerous lineup changes in the ensuing years, and currently consists of Pearcy, Croucier (both of whom rejoined in 2016), guitarists Jordan Ziff and Chris Sanders, and drummer Pete Holmes (all of whom joined in 2018). Ratt originally formed in San Diego, California in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt. The band originally included lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Garcia, and drummer Bob Eisenberg. After John Turner took over from Eisenberg, the band relocated to Los Angeles in January 1980. Garcia opted to return to San Diego not long after, and was replaced by Dave Jellison a few months later. Paul DeNisco briefly joined as a second guitarist. After a few years of touring, Hager left in 1981 to pursue other projects, with Turner and Jellison following not long after. Pearcy rebuilt the band with the addition of guitarists Jake E. Lee and Bob DeLellis, bassist Matt Thorr and drummer Dave Alford, as well as renaming it M. Ratt and, later, Ratt. The lineup lasted only a few months, with Alford and Lee quitting after Pearcy fired DeLellis without consulting them. The pair subsequently formed Rough Cutt together.", "Blotzer claimed he has the legal right to go on tour using the name, as DeMartini breached his fiduciary duty by refusing to tour under the Ratt name as a partner in the corporation. In October 2015, DeMartini sued Blotzer for falsely advertising his \"tribute band\" as the real thing. In November 2015, DeMartini's attempt to procure an injunction to prevent Blotzer from using and touring under the Ratt trademark was overturned, allowing Blotzer to tour using the name Ratt. He has played with several side projects over the years, such as Twenty 4 Seven, Phucket, FireFoxx, Airborne, Angel City Outlaws, Contraband, Vic Vergat Band, and has also played as a touring drummer for Montrose. In 2008, Blotzer, Jani Lane (Warrant), Keri Kelli (Alice Cooper), and Robbie Crane (Ratt) released Saints of the Underground's debut album, \"Love The Sin, Hate The Sinner\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 1981, the band's name was shortened to Ratt.", "answer_start": 1046}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Ratt in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "a band called Firedome, founded by singer Stephen Pearcy with a few friends.", "answer_start": 62, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb4ec9d6969c4f3e894da5b20d0394a8_1_q#2", "question": "what was the longer name before it was shortened?", "rewrite": "What was the band's name before Ratt?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Ratt members Ratt is an American glam metal band from San Diego, California. Formed in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt, the group originally included lead vocalist and guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist Tim Garcia and drummer Bob Eisenberg. In 1982, Ratt finalised its \"classic lineup\" of Pearcy, lead guitarist Warren DeMartini, rhythm guitarist Robbin Crosby, bassist Juan Croucier and drummer Bobby Blotzer. The band has been through numerous lineup changes in the ensuing years, and currently consists of Pearcy, Croucier (both of whom rejoined in 2016), guitarists Jordan Ziff and Chris Sanders, and drummer Pete Holmes (all of whom joined in 2018). Ratt originally formed in San Diego, California in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt. The band originally included lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Garcia, and drummer Bob Eisenberg. After John Turner took over from Eisenberg, the band relocated to Los Angeles in January 1980. Garcia opted to return to San Diego not long after, and was replaced by Dave Jellison a few months later. Paul DeNisco briefly joined as a second guitarist. After a few years of touring, Hager left in 1981 to pursue other projects, with Turner and Jellison following not long after. Pearcy rebuilt the band with the addition of guitarists Jake E. Lee and Bob DeLellis, bassist Matt Thorr and drummer Dave Alford, as well as renaming it M. Ratt and, later, Ratt. The lineup lasted only a few months, with Alford and Lee quitting after Pearcy fired DeLellis without consulting them. The pair subsequently formed Rough Cutt together.", "Blotzer posted a message to his late bandmate affectionately referred to as \"The King\" by fans on the group's official web site and called Crosby \"one of the most kind hearted, the most compassionate, intelligent, talented\" people he had ever known. In 2007 Stephen Pearcy reunited with the group, thus putting an end to the tensions between the two. In 2009 Metal Sludge reported that he was arrested and booked on charges of domestic violence. In 2010 Blotzer released an auto-biographical book, \"Tales of A Ratt \u2013 Things You Shouldn't Know\". On September 2, 2012 it was announced Bobby would be joining Geoff Tate's lineup formed after his dismissal from Queensr\u00ffche, but he left on January 25, 2013 to return playing with Ratt. On April 24, 2014, Stephen Pearcy announced he had left the band again. After this, Ratt went on hiatus. In March 2015, Blotzer guested with Las Vegas band Sin City Sinners. Blotzer asked Sinners' singer Joshua Alan, guitarist Michael \"Doc\" Ellis, and bassist Scott Griffin to join him in forming a new version of RATT. They toured under the name \"Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience,\" performing Ratt songs. In September 2015, Blotzer announced that he had taken control of the Ratt brand and would take his band on tour in 2016 using the Ratt name. However, within days, Warren DeMartini spoke out against Blotzer using the name, as he owns half of the Ratt name as part of WBS, Inc., the company owned by him and Blotzer.", "Bobby Blotzer Robert John Blotzer (born October 22, 1958 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American musician best known as the past drummer for metal band Ratt. He attended Torrance High School in Torrance California along with his ex Ratt bandmate Juan Croucier. Blotzer began his career playing with Don Dokken along with Juan Croucier. Blotzer and Croucier left Dokken in 1978 to form FireFoxx along with Ron Abrams on guitar. He became Ratt's drummer in 1982. Along with bassist Juan Croucier, he had previously played with noted Italian/Swiss guitarist Vic Vergeat, including a tour of the U.S. behind Vergeat's 1981 solo album \" Down to the Bone\". Ratt had five consecutive platinum albums during the 1980s. At the beginning of the 1990s Ratt's popularity waned, and the band called it quits in 1992. Blotzer started a more normal life outside the public eye. Five years later Ratt reformed and toured once again. In 2000 Stephen Pearcy apparently quit the group, and shortly thereafter Bobby had exhibited an extreme dislike for Pearcy, who had sued the band for continuing under the \"Ratt\" name and claimed the band ruined their worldwide deal with Sony. Blotzer heavily denied the claims and said they were a bunch of \"pathologic lies\", adding that Pearcy was a \"sick person\". Blotzer and Ratt guitarist Warren DeMartini subsequently won the court case to use the \"Ratt\" name. In 2002 former Ratt guitarist Robbin Crosby died of AIDS-related complications, and heroin overdose, which marked one of the most painful parts of Blotzer's life.", "Joshua Alan Joshua Alan (born November 28, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, and was the singer for RATT during the American Made 2016 tour. He was born in Tampa, Florida, and grew up in Hampton, Georgia, a small town approximately south of Atlanta. Showing an early interest in music, Alan's mother brought home an acoustic guitar when he was 6 years old. He began learning songs he heard on the radio by ear. Other instruments he plays include piano, drums, bass guitar, banjo, and mandolin. In 2010, he moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, to expand his musical career. After filtering through several local bands, Alan found his niche in 2014 when he joined up with the Sin City Sinners, leading the vocals for the band that included members Brent Muscat (Faster Pussycat), Scott Griffin (RATT and L.A. Guns), Michael \u201cDoc\u201d Ellis (RATT, Love/Hate, and Todd Kerns and the Anti-Stars), and Blas Elias (Slaughter). In March 2015, RATT drummer Bobby Blotzer guested with the Sinners. Blotzer asked Josh and fellow Sinners' members Doc and Scott to join him in forming a new version of RATT. Josh toured with Blotzer's version of RATT while continuing as the singer for the Sin City Sinners. February 14, 2016, the Sinners released the album \" Let It Burn\". On February 19, 2016, Josh announced his departure from the Sin City Sinners in order to work full-time with RATT. During this time, he toured world-wide with RATT as lead vocalist for the American Made tour, performing throughout the United States, in Canada, and the U.K. On January 23, 2017, Josh resigned from RATT to pursue his own musical career.", "He graduated from high school in 1981. DeMartini began taking classes at a local college, but in the first semester was invited up to Los Angeles to join Mickey Ratt; the band that would eventually become the highly successful 1980s metal band, Ratt. DeMartini replaced Jake E. Lee, who would be hired by Ozzy Osbourne in December 1982. DeMartini was at one point the roommate of Lee, and each greatly influenced the other's styles. DeMartini's lead guitar became one of Ratt's most recognizable aspects, and he would co-write several of the band's best known songs, including \"Round and Round\", \"Lay It Down\", \"Dance\", and \"Way Cool Jr.\". Ratt would ultimately become one of the top-selling and most popular metal acts of the decade, issuing four consecutive platinum albums and one EP in the 1980s before disbanding in February 1992. After Ratt broke up, DeMartini had a short stint with the band Dokken before briefly becoming a touring guitarist for hard rock band Whitesnake in 1994. After that, he released two solo projects; the EP, \"Surf's Up! \" in 1995, and his only full-length album to date, \"Crazy Enough To Sing To You\" in 1996. Ratt re-united in 1996 and released two albums, Collage in July 1997, and a self-titled album in July 1999, which was a critical and commercial failure. In 2003, DeMartini was hired to replace guitarist Doug Aldrich in the band Dio but after several rehearsals he decided to leave the band due to musical differences with band leader Ronnie James Dio. Ratt reformed again in 2007 and began a tour in the summer of that year."], "answer": {"text": "Mickey Ratt", "answer_start": 280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Ratt in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "a band called Firedome, founded by singer Stephen Pearcy with a few friends.", "answer_start": 62, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they get the name Ratt?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, the band's name was shortened to Ratt.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb4ec9d6969c4f3e894da5b20d0394a8_1_q#3", "question": "who were the members of the band?", "rewrite": "Who were the members of Ratt?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joshua Alan Joshua Alan (born November 28, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, and was the singer for RATT during the American Made 2016 tour. He was born in Tampa, Florida, and grew up in Hampton, Georgia, a small town approximately south of Atlanta. Showing an early interest in music, Alan's mother brought home an acoustic guitar when he was 6 years old. He began learning songs he heard on the radio by ear. Other instruments he plays include piano, drums, bass guitar, banjo, and mandolin. In 2010, he moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, to expand his musical career. After filtering through several local bands, Alan found his niche in 2014 when he joined up with the Sin City Sinners, leading the vocals for the band that included members Brent Muscat (Faster Pussycat), Scott Griffin (RATT and L.A. Guns), Michael \u201cDoc\u201d Ellis (RATT, Love/Hate, and Todd Kerns and the Anti-Stars), and Blas Elias (Slaughter). In March 2015, RATT drummer Bobby Blotzer guested with the Sinners. Blotzer asked Josh and fellow Sinners' members Doc and Scott to join him in forming a new version of RATT. Josh toured with Blotzer's version of RATT while continuing as the singer for the Sin City Sinners. February 14, 2016, the Sinners released the album \" Let It Burn\". On February 19, 2016, Josh announced his departure from the Sin City Sinners in order to work full-time with RATT. During this time, he toured world-wide with RATT as lead vocalist for the American Made tour, performing throughout the United States, in Canada, and the U.K. On January 23, 2017, Josh resigned from RATT to pursue his own musical career.", "List of Ratt members Ratt is an American glam metal band from San Diego, California. Formed in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt, the group originally included lead vocalist and guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist Tim Garcia and drummer Bob Eisenberg. In 1982, Ratt finalised its \"classic lineup\" of Pearcy, lead guitarist Warren DeMartini, rhythm guitarist Robbin Crosby, bassist Juan Croucier and drummer Bobby Blotzer. The band has been through numerous lineup changes in the ensuing years, and currently consists of Pearcy, Croucier (both of whom rejoined in 2016), guitarists Jordan Ziff and Chris Sanders, and drummer Pete Holmes (all of whom joined in 2018). Ratt originally formed in San Diego, California in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt. The band originally included lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Garcia, and drummer Bob Eisenberg. After John Turner took over from Eisenberg, the band relocated to Los Angeles in January 1980. Garcia opted to return to San Diego not long after, and was replaced by Dave Jellison a few months later. Paul DeNisco briefly joined as a second guitarist. After a few years of touring, Hager left in 1981 to pursue other projects, with Turner and Jellison following not long after. Pearcy rebuilt the band with the addition of guitarists Jake E. Lee and Bob DeLellis, bassist Matt Thorr and drummer Dave Alford, as well as renaming it M. Ratt and, later, Ratt. The lineup lasted only a few months, with Alford and Lee quitting after Pearcy fired DeLellis without consulting them. The pair subsequently formed Rough Cutt together.", "Blotzer posted a message to his late bandmate affectionately referred to as \"The King\" by fans on the group's official web site and called Crosby \"one of the most kind hearted, the most compassionate, intelligent, talented\" people he had ever known. In 2007 Stephen Pearcy reunited with the group, thus putting an end to the tensions between the two. In 2009 Metal Sludge reported that he was arrested and booked on charges of domestic violence. In 2010 Blotzer released an auto-biographical book, \"Tales of A Ratt \u2013 Things You Shouldn't Know\". On September 2, 2012 it was announced Bobby would be joining Geoff Tate's lineup formed after his dismissal from Queensr\u00ffche, but he left on January 25, 2013 to return playing with Ratt. On April 24, 2014, Stephen Pearcy announced he had left the band again. After this, Ratt went on hiatus. In March 2015, Blotzer guested with Las Vegas band Sin City Sinners. Blotzer asked Sinners' singer Joshua Alan, guitarist Michael \"Doc\" Ellis, and bassist Scott Griffin to join him in forming a new version of RATT. They toured under the name \"Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience,\" performing Ratt songs. In September 2015, Blotzer announced that he had taken control of the Ratt brand and would take his band on tour in 2016 using the Ratt name. However, within days, Warren DeMartini spoke out against Blotzer using the name, as he owns half of the Ratt name as part of WBS, Inc., the company owned by him and Blotzer.", "Bobby Blotzer Robert John Blotzer (born October 22, 1958 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American musician best known as the past drummer for metal band Ratt. He attended Torrance High School in Torrance California along with his ex Ratt bandmate Juan Croucier. Blotzer began his career playing with Don Dokken along with Juan Croucier. Blotzer and Croucier left Dokken in 1978 to form FireFoxx along with Ron Abrams on guitar. He became Ratt's drummer in 1982. Along with bassist Juan Croucier, he had previously played with noted Italian/Swiss guitarist Vic Vergeat, including a tour of the U.S. behind Vergeat's 1981 solo album \" Down to the Bone\". Ratt had five consecutive platinum albums during the 1980s. At the beginning of the 1990s Ratt's popularity waned, and the band called it quits in 1992. Blotzer started a more normal life outside the public eye. Five years later Ratt reformed and toured once again. In 2000 Stephen Pearcy apparently quit the group, and shortly thereafter Bobby had exhibited an extreme dislike for Pearcy, who had sued the band for continuing under the \"Ratt\" name and claimed the band ruined their worldwide deal with Sony. Blotzer heavily denied the claims and said they were a bunch of \"pathologic lies\", adding that Pearcy was a \"sick person\". Blotzer and Ratt guitarist Warren DeMartini subsequently won the court case to use the \"Ratt\" name. In 2002 former Ratt guitarist Robbin Crosby died of AIDS-related complications, and heroin overdose, which marked one of the most painful parts of Blotzer's life.", "Body Talk (Ratt song) \"Body Talk\" is a song written and recorded by heavy metal band Ratt. The song is primarily written by Ratt's bassist Juan Croucier. Ratt's guitarist Warren DeMartini had the song's opening riffs for years. However, no one was able to develop it into a song. Under a very tight deadline (one day to be exact), Ratt bassist Juan Croucier stepped in. He wrote all the vocal melodies and lyrics, adding additional chord progressions to the one riff that had been around for years. The song title was apparently conceived of by Ratt producer Beau Hill or vocalist Stephen Pearcy. It appears as the fifth track of their third full-length album \"Dancing Undercover\" and the eleventh track of their compilation album \"Ratt & Roll 81-91\". It was also used as a soundtrack for Eddie Murphy's film \"The Golden Child\". The video was added on MTV in late '86, while \"Dance\" was still in heavy rotation. The song was written by Ratt vocalist Stephen Pearcy, bassist Juan Croucier and guitarist Warren DeMartini. In the US, only promo singles of each track were issued separately."], "answer": {"text": "Members included guitarists Jake E. Lee, Chris Hager, Paul DeNisco, and Bob DeLellis, bassists Matt Thorr, Tim Garcia, Mike New and Dave Jellison, and drummers John Turner, and Bob Eisenberg.", "answer_start": 542}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Ratt in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "a band called Firedome, founded by singer Stephen Pearcy with a few friends.", "answer_start": 62, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they get the name Ratt?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, the band's name was shortened to Ratt.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the longer name before it was shortened?", "answer": {"text": "Mickey Ratt", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb4ec9d6969c4f3e894da5b20d0394a8_1_q#4", "question": "what was their first release?", "rewrite": "What was Ratt's first release?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Blotzer posted a message to his late bandmate affectionately referred to as \"The King\" by fans on the group's official web site and called Crosby \"one of the most kind hearted, the most compassionate, intelligent, talented\" people he had ever known. In 2007 Stephen Pearcy reunited with the group, thus putting an end to the tensions between the two. In 2009 Metal Sludge reported that he was arrested and booked on charges of domestic violence. In 2010 Blotzer released an auto-biographical book, \"Tales of A Ratt \u2013 Things You Shouldn't Know\". On September 2, 2012 it was announced Bobby would be joining Geoff Tate's lineup formed after his dismissal from Queensr\u00ffche, but he left on January 25, 2013 to return playing with Ratt. On April 24, 2014, Stephen Pearcy announced he had left the band again. After this, Ratt went on hiatus. In March 2015, Blotzer guested with Las Vegas band Sin City Sinners. Blotzer asked Sinners' singer Joshua Alan, guitarist Michael \"Doc\" Ellis, and bassist Scott Griffin to join him in forming a new version of RATT. They toured under the name \"Bobby Blotzer's Ratt Experience,\" performing Ratt songs. In September 2015, Blotzer announced that he had taken control of the Ratt brand and would take his band on tour in 2016 using the Ratt name. However, within days, Warren DeMartini spoke out against Blotzer using the name, as he owns half of the Ratt name as part of WBS, Inc., the company owned by him and Blotzer.", "List of Ratt members Ratt is an American glam metal band from San Diego, California. Formed in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt, the group originally included lead vocalist and guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist Tim Garcia and drummer Bob Eisenberg. In 1982, Ratt finalised its \"classic lineup\" of Pearcy, lead guitarist Warren DeMartini, rhythm guitarist Robbin Crosby, bassist Juan Croucier and drummer Bobby Blotzer. The band has been through numerous lineup changes in the ensuing years, and currently consists of Pearcy, Croucier (both of whom rejoined in 2016), guitarists Jordan Ziff and Chris Sanders, and drummer Pete Holmes (all of whom joined in 2018). Ratt originally formed in San Diego, California in 1977 under the name Mickey Ratt. The band originally included lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Stephen Pearcy, lead guitarist Chris Hager, bassist and backing vocalist Tim Garcia, and drummer Bob Eisenberg. After John Turner took over from Eisenberg, the band relocated to Los Angeles in January 1980. Garcia opted to return to San Diego not long after, and was replaced by Dave Jellison a few months later. Paul DeNisco briefly joined as a second guitarist. After a few years of touring, Hager left in 1981 to pursue other projects, with Turner and Jellison following not long after. Pearcy rebuilt the band with the addition of guitarists Jake E. Lee and Bob DeLellis, bassist Matt Thorr and drummer Dave Alford, as well as renaming it M. Ratt and, later, Ratt. The lineup lasted only a few months, with Alford and Lee quitting after Pearcy fired DeLellis without consulting them. The pair subsequently formed Rough Cutt together.", "Joshua Alan Joshua Alan (born November 28, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter and musician, and was the singer for RATT during the American Made 2016 tour. He was born in Tampa, Florida, and grew up in Hampton, Georgia, a small town approximately south of Atlanta. Showing an early interest in music, Alan's mother brought home an acoustic guitar when he was 6 years old. He began learning songs he heard on the radio by ear. Other instruments he plays include piano, drums, bass guitar, banjo, and mandolin. In 2010, he moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, to expand his musical career. After filtering through several local bands, Alan found his niche in 2014 when he joined up with the Sin City Sinners, leading the vocals for the band that included members Brent Muscat (Faster Pussycat), Scott Griffin (RATT and L.A. Guns), Michael \u201cDoc\u201d Ellis (RATT, Love/Hate, and Todd Kerns and the Anti-Stars), and Blas Elias (Slaughter). In March 2015, RATT drummer Bobby Blotzer guested with the Sinners. Blotzer asked Josh and fellow Sinners' members Doc and Scott to join him in forming a new version of RATT. Josh toured with Blotzer's version of RATT while continuing as the singer for the Sin City Sinners. February 14, 2016, the Sinners released the album \" Let It Burn\". On February 19, 2016, Josh announced his departure from the Sin City Sinners in order to work full-time with RATT. During this time, he toured world-wide with RATT as lead vocalist for the American Made tour, performing throughout the United States, in Canada, and the U.K. On January 23, 2017, Josh resigned from RATT to pursue his own musical career.", "Bobby Blotzer Robert John Blotzer (born October 22, 1958 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American musician best known as the past drummer for metal band Ratt. He attended Torrance High School in Torrance California along with his ex Ratt bandmate Juan Croucier. Blotzer began his career playing with Don Dokken along with Juan Croucier. Blotzer and Croucier left Dokken in 1978 to form FireFoxx along with Ron Abrams on guitar. He became Ratt's drummer in 1982. Along with bassist Juan Croucier, he had previously played with noted Italian/Swiss guitarist Vic Vergeat, including a tour of the U.S. behind Vergeat's 1981 solo album \" Down to the Bone\". Ratt had five consecutive platinum albums during the 1980s. At the beginning of the 1990s Ratt's popularity waned, and the band called it quits in 1992. Blotzer started a more normal life outside the public eye. Five years later Ratt reformed and toured once again. In 2000 Stephen Pearcy apparently quit the group, and shortly thereafter Bobby had exhibited an extreme dislike for Pearcy, who had sued the band for continuing under the \"Ratt\" name and claimed the band ruined their worldwide deal with Sony. Blotzer heavily denied the claims and said they were a bunch of \"pathologic lies\", adding that Pearcy was a \"sick person\". Blotzer and Ratt guitarist Warren DeMartini subsequently won the court case to use the \"Ratt\" name. In 2002 former Ratt guitarist Robbin Crosby died of AIDS-related complications, and heroin overdose, which marked one of the most painful parts of Blotzer's life.", "Body Talk (Ratt song) \"Body Talk\" is a song written and recorded by heavy metal band Ratt. The song is primarily written by Ratt's bassist Juan Croucier. Ratt's guitarist Warren DeMartini had the song's opening riffs for years. However, no one was able to develop it into a song. Under a very tight deadline (one day to be exact), Ratt bassist Juan Croucier stepped in. He wrote all the vocal melodies and lyrics, adding additional chord progressions to the one riff that had been around for years. The song title was apparently conceived of by Ratt producer Beau Hill or vocalist Stephen Pearcy. It appears as the fifth track of their third full-length album \"Dancing Undercover\" and the eleventh track of their compilation album \"Ratt & Roll 81-91\". It was also used as a soundtrack for Eddie Murphy's film \"The Golden Child\". The video was added on MTV in late '86, while \"Dance\" was still in heavy rotation. The song was written by Ratt vocalist Stephen Pearcy, bassist Juan Croucier and guitarist Warren DeMartini. In the US, only promo singles of each track were issued separately."], "answer": {"text": "\"Dr. Rock\" / \"Drivin' on E\",", "answer_start": 954}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Ratt in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "a band called Firedome, founded by singer Stephen Pearcy with a few friends.", "answer_start": 62, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they get the name Ratt?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, the band's name was shortened to Ratt.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the longer name before it was shortened?", "answer": {"text": "Mickey Ratt", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were the members of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Members included guitarists Jake E. Lee, Chris Hager, Paul DeNisco, and Bob DeLellis, bassists Matt Thorr, Tim Garcia, Mike New and Dave Jellison, and drummers John Turner, and Bob Eisenberg.", "answer_start": 542, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bb4ec9d6969c4f3e894da5b20d0394a8_1_q#5", "question": "was it an album or a single?", "rewrite": "Was \"Dr Rock\" an album or a single?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["DR Radio DR Radio was a division of Danish Broadcasting Corporation - DR - concerned with radio programming. The radio stations are now part of several divisions: DR Medier (P1), DR Ung (P3), DR Musik (P2, P6 Beat, P7 Mix, P8 Jazz), DR Danmark (P4 and the regional stations). The name \"DR Radio\" is now mainly used to refer to an app of the same name made by DR to enable online listening via smartphones. The regional P4 channels are:   DR had a mediumwave station (called P5 Mellemb\u00f8lge until late 2009) carrying three daily news bulletins, a gymnastics programme, and weather and other reports for seafarers. The mediumwave transmissions ceased in 2011 and actually the programming is transmitted from Kalundborg, the site of the powerful long-range analogue longwave (formerly P6 Langb\u00f8lge which officially ceased transmissions in 2007, but has since carried low-power digital DRM test transmissions and briefly resumed analogue transmissions at full power from 16\u201331 October 2009). The 243 kHz LW (LB for langb\u00f8lge) is used to cover nearby seas by news and weather broadcasts. The transmissions are only 4 times daily at 05:45, 08:45, 11:45 and 17:45 local time. In addition, DR has operated Radio Denmark on short waves, which was originally broadcast from Denmark in Danish and English, and later from transmitter sites in Norway in Danish only. The first trials of DAB were carried out in 1995. In 2002 DR began broadcasting eight new DAB channels: pop station DR Boogie Skum, parliamentary channel DR Demokrati, jazz station DR Jazz, classical music station DR Klassisk, news station DR Nyheder, cultural station DR Plus, rock station DR Rock, and soft music station DR Soft.", "Charles White (Dr Rock) Charles \"Chas\" White, known as Dr Rock, (born 1942) is an Irish-born BBC Radio and TV presenter and book author. White was born in Dublin. He studied medicine in London in the 1960s, to become a chiropodist, but chose instead to follow a DJ career. He lives in Scarborough. A self-described \"lifelong Rock and Roll enthusiast\", he ran a college course on the development of Rock and Roll, which led to his nickname \"Dr Rock\" by the press. White's television work includes \"Dr Rock's Guide to Hollywood\", which won an Outstanding Achievement Award at the 1996 New York Festivals \u00ae International Television & Film Awards. White hosted the \"Dr Rock Show\" which ran on both Yorkshire and Tyne Tees Television. He has also appeared on the ground-breaking 1980s' series, \"The Tube\". He authored biographies of Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard. White has written articles for \"The Observer\" and \"The Independent\" newspapers, and for \"Tatler\" and \"Rolling Stone\" magazines. His BBC Radio York show goes on the air every Sunday between 6pm and 7pm, GMT, but can also be heard in many countries across the globe. In December 2011, BBC Radio announced that some 40 hours of local broadcasting a week would be axed in order to meet the budgeted 20 per cent cut in expenses, with Dr Rock's programme among those scheduled to go. The announcement was met with protest letters by fans. Three years on, however, Dr Rock was still broadcasting every Sunday, and, in 2014, celebrated two full decades with BBC York.", "Dr Rock Dr Rock may refer to:", "Neve Granot Neve Granot is a neighborhood in Jerusalem located behind the Israel Museum, overlooking the Monastery of the Cross. Neve Granot is named for Avraham Granot, a Zionist activist and signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence who went on to become head of the Jewish National Fund. The Schechter Institute of Jewish Studies in Neve Granot is building a new campus, designed by Israeli architect Ada Carmi.", "Claude Rock Claude William Rock (9 June 1863 \u2013 27 July 1950) was an Australian schoolmaster and a cricketer who played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, Tasmania and other amateur teams between 1884 and 1893. He was born in Deloraine, Tasmania and died at Longford, Tasmania. Rock was the third son of Dr Dennis Rock and his wife, the former Grace Vosper; Dr Rock was a medical practitioner, a justice of the peace and a coroner, and the Rocks had six children, five of whom survived to adulthood. Claude Rock was educated at Launceston Grammar School and at Clare College, Cambridge. A right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler who used the round-arm bowling style, Rock played very successfully in Tasmanian cricket's most important fixture, the North v South match, before he was 16 years old. But with limited fixtures in Tasmania, he did not appear in first-class cricket until his arrival at Cambridge University; when he got into the university side in 1884, he was quickly successful, taking five Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) wickets for just six runs in his second match. He retained his place in the Cambridge side through to the University Match against Oxford University when, with four wickets and the top-score for the match, an innings of 56, he did well in a comprehensive defeat for his side. Rock maintained his place in the Cambridge sides of both the 1885 and 1886 seasons, appearing in the University Match in both years; he also played some non-first-class games for Warwickshire when the university term was over. In 1885, his university cricket captain was Lord Hawke and in August he played for an amateur team put together by Hawke which took on a full Yorkshire team and beat them, largely due to second innings bowling figures of eight wickets for 36 runs from Rock, the best of his first-class career."], "answer": {"text": "single", "answer_start": 940}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Ratt in 1973?", "answer": {"text": "a band called Firedome, founded by singer Stephen Pearcy with a few friends.", "answer_start": 62, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they get the name Ratt?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, the band's name was shortened to Ratt.", "answer_start": 1046, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the longer name before it was shortened?", "answer": {"text": "Mickey Ratt", "answer_start": 280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were the members of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Members included guitarists Jake E. Lee, Chris Hager, Paul DeNisco, and Bob DeLellis, bassists Matt Thorr, Tim Garcia, Mike New and Dave Jellison, and drummers John Turner, and Bob Eisenberg.", "answer_start": 542, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their first release?", "answer": {"text": "\"Dr. Rock\" / \"Drivin' on E\",", "answer_start": 954, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3eafcc94669a4dcab7e0807e2d84a4a5_1_q#0", "question": "What are the family names of Yoko Ono's parents?", "rewrite": "What are the family names of Yoko Ono's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John and Yoko: A Love Story  John and Yoko : A Love Story is a 1985 American made-for-television biographical film that chronicles the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, beginning just before they met in 1966 and concluding with Lennon's murder in 1980. The movie was made with the co-operation of Yoko Ono, who controlled the song rights. It was directed by Sandor Stern and stars Mark McGann as Lennon and Kim Miyori as Ono. On August 19, 1966, protestors burn their Beatles records and paraphernalia after Lennon says the The Beatles are more popular than Jesus. When a firecracker is thrown onto the stage the group decides to stop touring. John meets Yoko Ono, who is married and has a daughter. John brings her to the studio with him, causing friction with the other Beatles. The Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, dies of an accidental overdose of sleeping pills. John develops a crush on Yoko. In 1968, The Beatles and their partners travel to India for transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. On his return, John invites Yoko to his house while their partners are both away. They record songs together and consummate their relationship at dawn. John and Yoko stage art exhibitions and plant acorns for peace. John is arrested for possession of hashish, and Paul bails him out. Yoko miscarries John's baby. John, Yoko, Kyoko, and Julian are hurt in a car accident. Paul marries Linda Eastman, and John marries Yoko in Gibraltar. He starts playing with Yoko's Plastic Ono Band. John and Yoko stage \"Bed-Ins for Peace\" in Amsterdam and Montreal, which receive wide attention. Paul signs with his father in-law Lee Eastman as manager; John, George, and Ringo sign with Allen Klein. Yoko again miscarries.", "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band is the avant-garde debut studio album by Yoko Ono. The album came after recording three experimental releases with John Lennon and a live album as a member of The Plastic Ono Band. With the exception of \"AOS\", a 1968 live recording, the entire album was recorded in one afternoon in October 1970 during the \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" sessions at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios, using the same musicians and production team. Also recorded on this day were \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\" which ended up on the next album \"Fly\", and \"Between the Takes\" which was released on \"Fly\"'s 1998 CD reissue. \" Greenfield Morning I Pushed an Empty Baby Carriage All Over the City\" was based around a sample from a discarded tape of George Harrison playing a sitar and a Ringo Starr drum break with an added echo effect plus Ono's vocals with a lyric referencing a miscarriage. Ono's vocalisations on tracks such as \"Why\" and \"Why Not\" mixed \"hetai\", a Japanese vocal technique from kabuki theatre, with modern rock 'n roll and raw aggression influenced by the then-popular primal therapy that Lennon and Ono had been undertaking. According to Ono, the recording engineers were in the habit of turning off the recording equipment when she began to perform-- which is why, at the end of \"Why\", Lennon can be heard asking \" Were you gettin' that?\". Initially on Apple Records, through EMI, \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\" was released to considerable critical disdain in 1970, at a time when Ono was being widely blamed for disbanding The Beatles. \"", "Anthony Cox (producer) Anthony D. Cox (born 1936/1937) is an American film producer and art promoter. He is a former husband of Yoko Ono. Cox met Yoko Ono in 1961, after he saw some of her art work in an anthology and located her in Tokyo. The couple married on November 28, 1962. The marriage was annulled on March 1, 1963 due to Ono neglecting to officially finalize her divorce from her first husband, the Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi, but they remarried on June 6 of that year. Their daughter, Kyoko Chan Cox, was born on August 8, 1963. Cox became a full-time caregiver for Kyoko, while both he and Ono continued with their art, collaborating as conceptual artists. Ono's growing estrangement from Cox in 1966 inspired her to create her artwork \"Half-A-Room\", and the pain of their subsequent breakup inspired Ono to make \"Ceiling Painting/ Yes Painting\". Their marriage fell apart some time after 1966, when Ono met John Lennon at an art show, and Cox and Ono divorced on February 2, 1969. After a legal battle, Ono was awarded permanent custody of Kyoko. However, in 1971 Cox, who had joined a religious group known as the Church of the Living Word or \"The Walk\" after his divorce from Ono, vanished with Kyoko in violation of the custody order. He left The Walk after a few years, and in 1978, Cox and Kyoko stayed with the Jesus People USA commune in Chicago. He and Kyoko contacted Yoko Ono after the death of Lennon in 1980, but did not specify their location and afterward , Ono agreed to no longer attempt to locate Kyoko, but still wished to make contact with her. Kyoko eventually made contact with Ono in 1994 and they have been in close contact since then.", "Onobox  Onobox is a 1992 comprehensive 6-disc collection of Yoko Ono's work from 1968 to 1985. The discs are grouped by era and theme. Disc one centers around the albums \"Fly\" and \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\", while Disc two features nearly the entirety of \"Approximately Infinite Universe\" in a different running order and most of the tracks remixed exclusively for this boxed set. Disc three features the entire \"Feeling the Space\" project, which was originally conceived and recorded as a double album before being edited down, while disc six is the previously unreleased 1974 album \"A Story\", which was later reissued separately with an altered track listing, along with the rest of Ono's back catalogue. Discs four and five center on her relationship with her late husband and musician John Lennon, with \"Kiss, Kiss, Kiss\" highlighting songs from their duet albums \"Double Fantasy\" and \"Milk and Honey\", while \"No, No, No\" focuses on the albums Yoko released in the aftermath of the murder of John Lennon. \"Onobox\" was complimented by an accompanying one-disc \"greatest hits\" release, entitled \"Walking on Thin Ice\". While the Rykodisc press release for Onobox declared the collection \"not as bad as you might think\", it also urged the public to \"smash your preconceptions\". Which, for the most part, they did, finding the box gave \"Yoko Ono the avant- garde heroine her due\". All songs written by Yoko Ono except \"No Bed for Beatle John\" written by John Lennon/Yoko Ono. Many songs were edited or remixed for this compilation. These mixes and edits have not been officially released elsewhere. \"Onobox\" includes 20 previously unreleased songs. Some of these songs have appeared on other Yoko releases.", "Warzone (Yoko Ono album) WARZONE is an album by Yoko Ono released on October 24, 2018, her 50th year anniversary as a musician. It consists of 13 songs she picked up and reconstructed from her past albums released from 1970 to 2009. It also includes the newest version of \"Imagine\" by John Lennon. Since \"Take Me to the Land of Hell\" in 2013, this is the Ono's first in 5 years and 20th original album in total (including collaborations with John Lennon). This includes a bonus track only for Japan. All songs written by Yoko Ono, except \"Imagine\" written by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The Japanese Edition includes an alternate recording of \"Midsummer New York\", recorded during the original \"Fly\" sessions in 1971. There is a new version of \"Imagine\" which was got into the news for adding Yoko Ono into the credit as well as John Lennon. Yoko told about it. \u201cI was afraid of renewing this song. Tom (Tomas Bartlet, a producer) was also a little bit afraid, I think. People all over the world know this song. However, I decided to carry out because it matches the theme of the album.\u201d \u201cThe world is far too confused. For anyone, things have been so difficult. We are living in the war zone now \u2026 I like creation with the new way, because things are changing every day.\u201d"], "answer": {"text": "Isoko Ono (Xiao Ye  Ji Zi , Ono Isoko) and Eisuke Ono (Xiao Ye  Ying Fu , Ono Eisuke),", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3eafcc94669a4dcab7e0807e2d84a4a5_1_q#1", "question": "Did Yoko Ono have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Yoko Ono have any siblings in his family?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Anthony Cox (producer) Anthony D. Cox (born 1936/1937) is an American film producer and art promoter. He is a former husband of Yoko Ono. Cox met Yoko Ono in 1961, after he saw some of her art work in an anthology and located her in Tokyo. The couple married on November 28, 1962. The marriage was annulled on March 1, 1963 due to Ono neglecting to officially finalize her divorce from her first husband, the Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi, but they remarried on June 6 of that year. Their daughter, Kyoko Chan Cox, was born on August 8, 1963. Cox became a full-time caregiver for Kyoko, while both he and Ono continued with their art, collaborating as conceptual artists. Ono's growing estrangement from Cox in 1966 inspired her to create her artwork \"Half-A-Room\", and the pain of their subsequent breakup inspired Ono to make \"Ceiling Painting/ Yes Painting\". Their marriage fell apart some time after 1966, when Ono met John Lennon at an art show, and Cox and Ono divorced on February 2, 1969. After a legal battle, Ono was awarded permanent custody of Kyoko. However, in 1971 Cox, who had joined a religious group known as the Church of the Living Word or \"The Walk\" after his divorce from Ono, vanished with Kyoko in violation of the custody order. He left The Walk after a few years, and in 1978, Cox and Kyoko stayed with the Jesus People USA commune in Chicago. He and Kyoko contacted Yoko Ono after the death of Lennon in 1980, but did not specify their location and afterward , Ono agreed to no longer attempt to locate Kyoko, but still wished to make contact with her. Kyoko eventually made contact with Ono in 1994 and they have been in close contact since then.", "Onobox  Onobox is a 1992 comprehensive 6-disc collection of Yoko Ono's work from 1968 to 1985. The discs are grouped by era and theme. Disc one centers around the albums \"Fly\" and \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\", while Disc two features nearly the entirety of \"Approximately Infinite Universe\" in a different running order and most of the tracks remixed exclusively for this boxed set. Disc three features the entire \"Feeling the Space\" project, which was originally conceived and recorded as a double album before being edited down, while disc six is the previously unreleased 1974 album \"A Story\", which was later reissued separately with an altered track listing, along with the rest of Ono's back catalogue. Discs four and five center on her relationship with her late husband and musician John Lennon, with \"Kiss, Kiss, Kiss\" highlighting songs from their duet albums \"Double Fantasy\" and \"Milk and Honey\", while \"No, No, No\" focuses on the albums Yoko released in the aftermath of the murder of John Lennon. \"Onobox\" was complimented by an accompanying one-disc \"greatest hits\" release, entitled \"Walking on Thin Ice\". While the Rykodisc press release for Onobox declared the collection \"not as bad as you might think\", it also urged the public to \"smash your preconceptions\". Which, for the most part, they did, finding the box gave \"Yoko Ono the avant- garde heroine her due\". All songs written by Yoko Ono except \"No Bed for Beatle John\" written by John Lennon/Yoko Ono. Many songs were edited or remixed for this compilation. These mixes and edits have not been officially released elsewhere. \"Onobox\" includes 20 previously unreleased songs. Some of these songs have appeared on other Yoko releases.", "Warzone (Yoko Ono album) WARZONE is an album by Yoko Ono released on October 24, 2018, her 50th year anniversary as a musician. It consists of 13 songs she picked up and reconstructed from her past albums released from 1970 to 2009. It also includes the newest version of \"Imagine\" by John Lennon. Since \"Take Me to the Land of Hell\" in 2013, this is the Ono's first in 5 years and 20th original album in total (including collaborations with John Lennon). This includes a bonus track only for Japan. All songs written by Yoko Ono, except \"Imagine\" written by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The Japanese Edition includes an alternate recording of \"Midsummer New York\", recorded during the original \"Fly\" sessions in 1971. There is a new version of \"Imagine\" which was got into the news for adding Yoko Ono into the credit as well as John Lennon. Yoko told about it. \u201cI was afraid of renewing this song. Tom (Tomas Bartlet, a producer) was also a little bit afraid, I think. People all over the world know this song. However, I decided to carry out because it matches the theme of the album.\u201d \u201cThe world is far too confused. For anyone, things have been so difficult. We are living in the war zone now \u2026 I like creation with the new way, because things are changing every day.\u201d", "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band is the avant-garde debut studio album by Yoko Ono. The album came after recording three experimental releases with John Lennon and a live album as a member of The Plastic Ono Band. With the exception of \"AOS\", a 1968 live recording, the entire album was recorded in one afternoon in October 1970 during the \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" sessions at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios, using the same musicians and production team. Also recorded on this day were \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\" which ended up on the next album \"Fly\", and \"Between the Takes\" which was released on \"Fly\"'s 1998 CD reissue. \" Greenfield Morning I Pushed an Empty Baby Carriage All Over the City\" was based around a sample from a discarded tape of George Harrison playing a sitar and a Ringo Starr drum break with an added echo effect plus Ono's vocals with a lyric referencing a miscarriage. Ono's vocalisations on tracks such as \"Why\" and \"Why Not\" mixed \"hetai\", a Japanese vocal technique from kabuki theatre, with modern rock 'n roll and raw aggression influenced by the then-popular primal therapy that Lennon and Ono had been undertaking. According to Ono, the recording engineers were in the habit of turning off the recording equipment when she began to perform-- which is why, at the end of \"Why\", Lennon can be heard asking \" Were you gettin' that?\". Initially on Apple Records, through EMI, \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\" was released to considerable critical disdain in 1970, at a time when Ono was being widely blamed for disbanding The Beatles. \"", "John and Yoko: A Love Story  John and Yoko : A Love Story is a 1985 American made-for-television biographical film that chronicles the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, beginning just before they met in 1966 and concluding with Lennon's murder in 1980. The movie was made with the co-operation of Yoko Ono, who controlled the song rights. It was directed by Sandor Stern and stars Mark McGann as Lennon and Kim Miyori as Ono. On August 19, 1966, protestors burn their Beatles records and paraphernalia after Lennon says the The Beatles are more popular than Jesus. When a firecracker is thrown onto the stage the group decides to stop touring. John meets Yoko Ono, who is married and has a daughter. John brings her to the studio with him, causing friction with the other Beatles. The Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, dies of an accidental overdose of sleeping pills. John develops a crush on Yoko. In 1968, The Beatles and their partners travel to India for transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. On his return, John invites Yoko to his house while their partners are both away. They record songs together and consummate their relationship at dawn. John and Yoko stage art exhibitions and plant acorns for peace. John is arrested for possession of hashish, and Paul bails him out. Yoko miscarries John's baby. John, Yoko, Kyoko, and Julian are hurt in a car accident. Paul marries Linda Eastman, and John marries Yoko in Gibraltar. He starts playing with Yoko's Plastic Ono Band. John and Yoko stage \"Bed-Ins for Peace\" in Amsterdam and Montreal, which receive wide attention. Paul signs with his father in-law Lee Eastman as manager; John, George, and Ringo sign with Allen Klein. Yoko again miscarries."], "answer": {"text": "two. Her younger brother Keisuke was born in December 1936.", "answer_start": 679}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the family names of Yoko Ono's parents?", "answer": {"text": "Isoko Ono (Xiao Ye  Ji Zi , Ono Isoko) and Eisuke Ono (Xiao Ye  Ying Fu , Ono Eisuke),", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3eafcc94669a4dcab7e0807e2d84a4a5_1_q#2", "question": "Was Yoko interested in music at a young age?", "rewrite": "Was Yoko Ono interested in music at a young age?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["John and Yoko: A Love Story  John and Yoko : A Love Story is a 1985 American made-for-television biographical film that chronicles the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, beginning just before they met in 1966 and concluding with Lennon's murder in 1980. The movie was made with the co-operation of Yoko Ono, who controlled the song rights. It was directed by Sandor Stern and stars Mark McGann as Lennon and Kim Miyori as Ono. On August 19, 1966, protestors burn their Beatles records and paraphernalia after Lennon says the The Beatles are more popular than Jesus. When a firecracker is thrown onto the stage the group decides to stop touring. John meets Yoko Ono, who is married and has a daughter. John brings her to the studio with him, causing friction with the other Beatles. The Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, dies of an accidental overdose of sleeping pills. John develops a crush on Yoko. In 1968, The Beatles and their partners travel to India for transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. On his return, John invites Yoko to his house while their partners are both away. They record songs together and consummate their relationship at dawn. John and Yoko stage art exhibitions and plant acorns for peace. John is arrested for possession of hashish, and Paul bails him out. Yoko miscarries John's baby. John, Yoko, Kyoko, and Julian are hurt in a car accident. Paul marries Linda Eastman, and John marries Yoko in Gibraltar. He starts playing with Yoko's Plastic Ono Band. John and Yoko stage \"Bed-Ins for Peace\" in Amsterdam and Montreal, which receive wide attention. Paul signs with his father in-law Lee Eastman as manager; John, George, and Ringo sign with Allen Klein. Yoko again miscarries.", "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band is the avant-garde debut studio album by Yoko Ono. The album came after recording three experimental releases with John Lennon and a live album as a member of The Plastic Ono Band. With the exception of \"AOS\", a 1968 live recording, the entire album was recorded in one afternoon in October 1970 during the \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" sessions at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios, using the same musicians and production team. Also recorded on this day were \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\" which ended up on the next album \"Fly\", and \"Between the Takes\" which was released on \"Fly\"'s 1998 CD reissue. \" Greenfield Morning I Pushed an Empty Baby Carriage All Over the City\" was based around a sample from a discarded tape of George Harrison playing a sitar and a Ringo Starr drum break with an added echo effect plus Ono's vocals with a lyric referencing a miscarriage. Ono's vocalisations on tracks such as \"Why\" and \"Why Not\" mixed \"hetai\", a Japanese vocal technique from kabuki theatre, with modern rock 'n roll and raw aggression influenced by the then-popular primal therapy that Lennon and Ono had been undertaking. According to Ono, the recording engineers were in the habit of turning off the recording equipment when she began to perform-- which is why, at the end of \"Why\", Lennon can be heard asking \" Were you gettin' that?\". Initially on Apple Records, through EMI, \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\" was released to considerable critical disdain in 1970, at a time when Ono was being widely blamed for disbanding The Beatles. \"", "Onobox  Onobox is a 1992 comprehensive 6-disc collection of Yoko Ono's work from 1968 to 1985. The discs are grouped by era and theme. Disc one centers around the albums \"Fly\" and \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\", while Disc two features nearly the entirety of \"Approximately Infinite Universe\" in a different running order and most of the tracks remixed exclusively for this boxed set. Disc three features the entire \"Feeling the Space\" project, which was originally conceived and recorded as a double album before being edited down, while disc six is the previously unreleased 1974 album \"A Story\", which was later reissued separately with an altered track listing, along with the rest of Ono's back catalogue. Discs four and five center on her relationship with her late husband and musician John Lennon, with \"Kiss, Kiss, Kiss\" highlighting songs from their duet albums \"Double Fantasy\" and \"Milk and Honey\", while \"No, No, No\" focuses on the albums Yoko released in the aftermath of the murder of John Lennon. \"Onobox\" was complimented by an accompanying one-disc \"greatest hits\" release, entitled \"Walking on Thin Ice\". While the Rykodisc press release for Onobox declared the collection \"not as bad as you might think\", it also urged the public to \"smash your preconceptions\". Which, for the most part, they did, finding the box gave \"Yoko Ono the avant- garde heroine her due\". All songs written by Yoko Ono except \"No Bed for Beatle John\" written by John Lennon/Yoko Ono. Many songs were edited or remixed for this compilation. These mixes and edits have not been officially released elsewhere. \"Onobox\" includes 20 previously unreleased songs. Some of these songs have appeared on other Yoko releases.", "Anthony Cox (producer) Anthony D. Cox (born 1936/1937) is an American film producer and art promoter. He is a former husband of Yoko Ono. Cox met Yoko Ono in 1961, after he saw some of her art work in an anthology and located her in Tokyo. The couple married on November 28, 1962. The marriage was annulled on March 1, 1963 due to Ono neglecting to officially finalize her divorce from her first husband, the Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi, but they remarried on June 6 of that year. Their daughter, Kyoko Chan Cox, was born on August 8, 1963. Cox became a full-time caregiver for Kyoko, while both he and Ono continued with their art, collaborating as conceptual artists. Ono's growing estrangement from Cox in 1966 inspired her to create her artwork \"Half-A-Room\", and the pain of their subsequent breakup inspired Ono to make \"Ceiling Painting/ Yes Painting\". Their marriage fell apart some time after 1966, when Ono met John Lennon at an art show, and Cox and Ono divorced on February 2, 1969. After a legal battle, Ono was awarded permanent custody of Kyoko. However, in 1971 Cox, who had joined a religious group known as the Church of the Living Word or \"The Walk\" after his divorce from Ono, vanished with Kyoko in violation of the custody order. He left The Walk after a few years, and in 1978, Cox and Kyoko stayed with the Jesus People USA commune in Chicago. He and Kyoko contacted Yoko Ono after the death of Lennon in 1980, but did not specify their location and afterward , Ono agreed to no longer attempt to locate Kyoko, but still wished to make contact with her. Kyoko eventually made contact with Ono in 1994 and they have been in close contact since then.", "Warzone (Yoko Ono album) WARZONE is an album by Yoko Ono released on October 24, 2018, her 50th year anniversary as a musician. It consists of 13 songs she picked up and reconstructed from her past albums released from 1970 to 2009. It also includes the newest version of \"Imagine\" by John Lennon. Since \"Take Me to the Land of Hell\" in 2013, this is the Ono's first in 5 years and 20th original album in total (including collaborations with John Lennon). This includes a bonus track only for Japan. All songs written by Yoko Ono, except \"Imagine\" written by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The Japanese Edition includes an alternate recording of \"Midsummer New York\", recorded during the original \"Fly\" sessions in 1971. There is a new version of \"Imagine\" which was got into the news for adding Yoko Ono into the credit as well as John Lennon. Yoko told about it. \u201cI was afraid of renewing this song. Tom (Tomas Bartlet, a producer) was also a little bit afraid, I think. People all over the world know this song. However, I decided to carry out because it matches the theme of the album.\u201d \u201cThe world is far too confused. For anyone, things have been so difficult. We are living in the war zone now \u2026 I like creation with the new way, because things are changing every day.\u201d"], "answer": {"text": "The kanji translation of Yoko (Yang Zi ) means \"ocean child.\"", "answer_start": 419}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the family names of Yoko Ono's parents?", "answer": {"text": "Isoko Ono (Xiao Ye  Ji Zi , Ono Isoko) and Eisuke Ono (Xiao Ye  Ying Fu , Ono Eisuke),", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Yoko Ono have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "two. Her younger brother Keisuke was born in December 1936.", "answer_start": 679, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3eafcc94669a4dcab7e0807e2d84a4a5_1_q#3", "question": "When did Yoko leave Japan?", "rewrite": "When did Yoko Ono leave Japan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anthony Cox (producer) Anthony D. Cox (born 1936/1937) is an American film producer and art promoter. He is a former husband of Yoko Ono. Cox met Yoko Ono in 1961, after he saw some of her art work in an anthology and located her in Tokyo. The couple married on November 28, 1962. The marriage was annulled on March 1, 1963 due to Ono neglecting to officially finalize her divorce from her first husband, the Japanese composer Toshi Ichiyanagi, but they remarried on June 6 of that year. Their daughter, Kyoko Chan Cox, was born on August 8, 1963. Cox became a full-time caregiver for Kyoko, while both he and Ono continued with their art, collaborating as conceptual artists. Ono's growing estrangement from Cox in 1966 inspired her to create her artwork \"Half-A-Room\", and the pain of their subsequent breakup inspired Ono to make \"Ceiling Painting/ Yes Painting\". Their marriage fell apart some time after 1966, when Ono met John Lennon at an art show, and Cox and Ono divorced on February 2, 1969. After a legal battle, Ono was awarded permanent custody of Kyoko. However, in 1971 Cox, who had joined a religious group known as the Church of the Living Word or \"The Walk\" after his divorce from Ono, vanished with Kyoko in violation of the custody order. He left The Walk after a few years, and in 1978, Cox and Kyoko stayed with the Jesus People USA commune in Chicago. He and Kyoko contacted Yoko Ono after the death of Lennon in 1980, but did not specify their location and afterward , Ono agreed to no longer attempt to locate Kyoko, but still wished to make contact with her. Kyoko eventually made contact with Ono in 1994 and they have been in close contact since then.", "Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band is the avant-garde debut studio album by Yoko Ono. The album came after recording three experimental releases with John Lennon and a live album as a member of The Plastic Ono Band. With the exception of \"AOS\", a 1968 live recording, the entire album was recorded in one afternoon in October 1970 during the \"John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band\" sessions at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios, using the same musicians and production team. Also recorded on this day were \"Don't Worry Kyoko (Mummy's Only Looking for Her Hand in the Snow)\" which ended up on the next album \"Fly\", and \"Between the Takes\" which was released on \"Fly\"'s 1998 CD reissue. \" Greenfield Morning I Pushed an Empty Baby Carriage All Over the City\" was based around a sample from a discarded tape of George Harrison playing a sitar and a Ringo Starr drum break with an added echo effect plus Ono's vocals with a lyric referencing a miscarriage. Ono's vocalisations on tracks such as \"Why\" and \"Why Not\" mixed \"hetai\", a Japanese vocal technique from kabuki theatre, with modern rock 'n roll and raw aggression influenced by the then-popular primal therapy that Lennon and Ono had been undertaking. According to Ono, the recording engineers were in the habit of turning off the recording equipment when she began to perform-- which is why, at the end of \"Why\", Lennon can be heard asking \" Were you gettin' that?\". Initially on Apple Records, through EMI, \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\" was released to considerable critical disdain in 1970, at a time when Ono was being widely blamed for disbanding The Beatles. \"", "Warzone (Yoko Ono album) WARZONE is an album by Yoko Ono released on October 24, 2018, her 50th year anniversary as a musician. It consists of 13 songs she picked up and reconstructed from her past albums released from 1970 to 2009. It also includes the newest version of \"Imagine\" by John Lennon. Since \"Take Me to the Land of Hell\" in 2013, this is the Ono's first in 5 years and 20th original album in total (including collaborations with John Lennon). This includes a bonus track only for Japan. All songs written by Yoko Ono, except \"Imagine\" written by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. The Japanese Edition includes an alternate recording of \"Midsummer New York\", recorded during the original \"Fly\" sessions in 1971. There is a new version of \"Imagine\" which was got into the news for adding Yoko Ono into the credit as well as John Lennon. Yoko told about it. \u201cI was afraid of renewing this song. Tom (Tomas Bartlet, a producer) was also a little bit afraid, I think. People all over the world know this song. However, I decided to carry out because it matches the theme of the album.\u201d \u201cThe world is far too confused. For anyone, things have been so difficult. We are living in the war zone now \u2026 I like creation with the new way, because things are changing every day.\u201d", "John and Yoko: A Love Story  John and Yoko : A Love Story is a 1985 American made-for-television biographical film that chronicles the lives of John Lennon and Yoko Ono, beginning just before they met in 1966 and concluding with Lennon's murder in 1980. The movie was made with the co-operation of Yoko Ono, who controlled the song rights. It was directed by Sandor Stern and stars Mark McGann as Lennon and Kim Miyori as Ono. On August 19, 1966, protestors burn their Beatles records and paraphernalia after Lennon says the The Beatles are more popular than Jesus. When a firecracker is thrown onto the stage the group decides to stop touring. John meets Yoko Ono, who is married and has a daughter. John brings her to the studio with him, causing friction with the other Beatles. The Beatles manager, Brian Epstein, dies of an accidental overdose of sleeping pills. John develops a crush on Yoko. In 1968, The Beatles and their partners travel to India for transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. On his return, John invites Yoko to his house while their partners are both away. They record songs together and consummate their relationship at dawn. John and Yoko stage art exhibitions and plant acorns for peace. John is arrested for possession of hashish, and Paul bails him out. Yoko miscarries John's baby. John, Yoko, Kyoko, and Julian are hurt in a car accident. Paul marries Linda Eastman, and John marries Yoko in Gibraltar. He starts playing with Yoko's Plastic Ono Band. John and Yoko stage \"Bed-Ins for Peace\" in Amsterdam and Montreal, which receive wide attention. Paul signs with his father in-law Lee Eastman as manager; John, George, and Ringo sign with Allen Klein. Yoko again miscarries.", "Onobox  Onobox is a 1992 comprehensive 6-disc collection of Yoko Ono's work from 1968 to 1985. The discs are grouped by era and theme. Disc one centers around the albums \"Fly\" and \"Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band\", while Disc two features nearly the entirety of \"Approximately Infinite Universe\" in a different running order and most of the tracks remixed exclusively for this boxed set. Disc three features the entire \"Feeling the Space\" project, which was originally conceived and recorded as a double album before being edited down, while disc six is the previously unreleased 1974 album \"A Story\", which was later reissued separately with an altered track listing, along with the rest of Ono's back catalogue. Discs four and five center on her relationship with her late husband and musician John Lennon, with \"Kiss, Kiss, Kiss\" highlighting songs from their duet albums \"Double Fantasy\" and \"Milk and Honey\", while \"No, No, No\" focuses on the albums Yoko released in the aftermath of the murder of John Lennon. \"Onobox\" was complimented by an accompanying one-disc \"greatest hits\" release, entitled \"Walking on Thin Ice\". While the Rykodisc press release for Onobox declared the collection \"not as bad as you might think\", it also urged the public to \"smash your preconceptions\". Which, for the most part, they did, finding the box gave \"Yoko Ono the avant- garde heroine her due\". All songs written by Yoko Ono except \"No Bed for Beatle John\" written by John Lennon/Yoko Ono. Many songs were edited or remixed for this compilation. These mixes and edits have not been officially released elsewhere. \"Onobox\" includes 20 previously unreleased songs. Some of these songs have appeared on other Yoko releases."], "answer": {"text": "Two weeks before Ono's birth, Eisuke was transferred to San Francisco by his employer, the Yokohama Specie Bank.", "answer_start": 481}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the family names of Yoko Ono's parents?", "answer": {"text": "Isoko Ono (Xiao Ye  Ji Zi , Ono Isoko) and Eisuke Ono (Xiao Ye  Ying Fu , Ono Eisuke),", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Yoko Ono have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "two. Her younger brother Keisuke was born in December 1936.", "answer_start": 679, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Yoko interested in music at a young age?", "answer": {"text": "The kanji translation of Yoko (Yang Zi ) means \"ocean child.\"", "answer_start": 419, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae1a7ce0b4144088b0f2ad1f39380eb4_1_q#0", "question": "Was Vlade Divac on the national team?", "rewrite": "Was Vlade Divac on the national team?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Eighteen-year-old Vlade Divac, another rising star, also joined the club that summer from Sloga. Together with young Sasha Djordjevic, \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107 and more established players like Milenko Savovi\u0107 and Goran Grbovi\u0107, they won the national title in a final against Crvena zvezda. Paspalj played well enough to earn a spot on the national team of Yugoslavia that won the Bronze at the EuroBasket 1987 in Athens, Greece. The following year, in 1988, he played a leading role in the side that made it to the Olympic final against the Soviet Union, and marked himself out as a potential star with some fine performances for Yugoslavia at the 1988 McDonald's Open. Also in 1988, Paspalj top-scored for Yugoslavia at the prestigious Acropolis Tournament in Athens, which included 26 points in one half in a tough-fought 104-103 victory against US college side Duke. In the summer of 1989 Paspalj became one of the first Europeans to move to the NBA, joining the San Antonio Spurs despite going undrafted one year earlier. He came into the league alongside two Soviets (\u0160ar\u016bnas Mar\u010diulionis and Alexander Volkov) and two more fellow Yugoslavs (Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 and Vlade Divac) as they collectively were dubbed the \"green card five\" by \"Sports Illustrated\". At the time they were the only five players in the entire NBA who didn't come up through the American collegiate system. They were thus followed on both sides of the Atlantic with extra interest as the public was curious to see how foreigners fare in the world's best league.", "Maljkovi\u0107 refused to modify his disciplinarian coaching style when it came to big-name players, treating them in the same stern and strict manner he treated others on the roster, all of which led to numerous run-ins with both Wilkins and Salley. Reporting on this, the \"New York Times\" described Maljkovi\u0107 as \"likely to act less like Phil Jackson and more like Bobby Knight\" while \"Sports Illustrated\" referred to him as \"an austere Serb who believes in my-way-or-Yugo discipline\". His often stated distaste for the NBA is also well known. In 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 said:   In October 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 became a member of the KK Crvena zvezda managing board. On May 9, 2017, Maljkovi\u0107 was elected president of the Olympic Committee of Serbia (OKS). He succeeded Serbian former basketball player Vlade Divac. Maljkovi\u0107 is the father of Marina Maljkovi\u0107 (born 1981), also a professional basketball coach. In August 2011, during the EuroBasket 2011 preparations, Maljkovi\u0107 opened a public row with the Serbian Olympic Committee (OKS) president Vlade Divac, calling the former player a \"fraudster and a liar\" in Croatian sports daily newspaper \"Sportske novosti\" as a response to Divac's remark in Slovenian media that Slovenia would've been better off keeping Jure Zdovc as head coach instead of hiring Maljkovi\u0107. The coach expanded on his insults, adding: \"Divac isn't even aware that I got the Slovenia job after Memi Be\u010dirovi\u0107, not after Zdovc. The journalist talking to Divac wasn't kind to him, ringing him up before noon. Considering Divac usually wakes up around 3pm, he was probably still delirious\".", "Lakers owner Jack Kent Cooke was known for having a keen eye identifying leadership and teaching qualities (he also gave Hall of Famers Sparky Anderson and Joe Gibbs their first managerial/head coaching positions), and asked West to coach and participate in player personnel decisions. In the 1976-77 season, West became coach of the Los Angeles Lakers. In three years, he led the Lakers and star center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to a 145-101 record, making the playoffs in all 3 seasons and reaching the Western Conference Finals once in 1977. After his coaching stint, he worked as a scout for three years before becoming general manager of the Lakers prior to the 1982-83 season. NBA.com credits West in creating the great 1980s Lakers dynasty, which brought five championship rings (1980, 1982, 1985, 1987 and 1988) to Los Angeles. After a slump in the early 1990s, West rebuilt the team of coach Del Harris around center Vlade Divac, forward Cedric Ceballos, and guard Nick Van Exel, which won 48 games, and went to the Western Conference Semifinals; for turning the team around, West received his first Executive of the Year Award. By trading Vlade Divac for Kobe Bryant, signing free agent center Shaquille O'Neal, and signing six-time NBA champion Phil Jackson as a coach, West laid down the fundaments of the Lakers three-peat which saw L.A. win three NBA titles from 2000 to 2002. In 2002, West became general manager of the Memphis Grizzlies. He explained his decision with the desire for exploring something new: \"After being a part of the Lakers success for so many years, I have always wondered how it would be to build a winning franchise that has not experienced much success. I want to help make a difference.\"", "With Split he won his last trophy\u2014the Croatian Cup in 1994. \u010cutura played with the Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1979 European Championship for Cadets where his team took gold. He was the team's leading scorer with a 23.9 points average. \u010cutura's second major tournament was the first World Under-19 Championship, held the same year in Brazil where Yugoslavia finished fourth. His team mates included \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107, Goran Grbovi\u0107 and Zoran Radovi\u0107. He was the team's top scorer with 16.3 ppg. He was once again the top scorer (22.8 p) of his team (even though still playing for a second division club) at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors where he won silver. \u010cutura's first major senior tournament was the 1985 EuroBasket where Yugoslavia took seventh place. \u010cutura won his first senior medal at the 1986 World Championship where he played in a talent-packed team alongside Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Danko Cvjeti\u0107anin and others. Yugoslavia took bronze with \u010cutura contributing 10.3 ppg. Head coach Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 did not call-up \u010cutura for the 1987 EuroBasket, but \u010cutura was back on the team at the 1988 Summer Olympics under coach Du\u0161an Ivkovi\u0107. Yugoslavia took silver with \u010cutura making 8.2 ppg. At the 1989 Eurobasket played in front of his hometown crowd \u010cutura (5.0 ppg) along with Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Dino Ra\u0111a, \u017darko Paspalj, Vlade Divac, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Jure Zdovc and others took gold.", "Don't Lie sports blog feels \"Once Brothers\" \"is exactly the kind of presentation \"30 for 30\" was meant to produce\u2014an enthralling recounting of a forgotten or underappreciated story about how sports and capital-letters Real Life interact\" and sees its biggest asset, among many of them, to be \"the honesty of Divac, Kukoc, and Radja in discussing the emotional toll that the war took on them\". Michael Tully of hammertonail.com sees the film as \"being about many different things at once\u2014a history lesson, a touching interpersonal drama, and a positive reaffirmation that the American Dream still exists and isn't a completely silly construct\" and labels it \"a very strong work, in which the grand scope of the Yugoslav Wars of the early 1990s is personalized through the relationship\u2014and unfortunate falling out\u2014between former NBA stars Vlade Divac and Drazen Petrovic\". Though mentioning the movie was \"probably too long\", objecting in particular to some of the childhood material about Vlade and Dra\u017een as well as to lesser extent to some of Vlade's travelogue before he gets to Croatia being included in the film , Alan Sepinwall of HitFix still thinks it \"did a nice job of telling the sad story of how politics tore apart that great Yugoslavian team, and the friendship between Divac and Petrovic\"."], "answer": {"text": "senior Yugoslavia national basketball team", "answer_start": 82}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ae1a7ce0b4144088b0f2ad1f39380eb4_1_q#1", "question": "When did Vlade Divac play on the national team?", "rewrite": "When did Vlade Divac play on the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In summer 1986, at 18, right after signing for KK Partizan, Divac debuted for the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1986 FIBA World Championship in Madrid, on invitation by the head coach Kresimir Cosic. However, the excellent rookie's performance was spoiled by the event in the semi-finals against the Soviet Union. Forty-five seconds before the end, Yugoslavia had a comfortable lead of 9 points, but the Soviets scored two three-pointers within a few seconds and cut the difference to 3 points. Yugoslavia tried to hold the ball for the remaining time, opting to continue the play with throw-ins instead of free throws following fouls, but with only 14 seconds left, Divac committed a double dribble, the Soviets were awarded the ball, and tied the score with another three-pointer. In the overtime, the Soviets easily prevailed against the shocked Yugoslavs, who had to be content with the bronze. The next year, Divac participated in the team that took the gold at the FIBA Junior World Championship (since split into separate under-19 and under-21 events) in Bormio, Italy. That event launched the young generation of Yugoslavian basket ballers, also featuring stars like Rada and Kukoc, regarded as likely the best in history. Before the breakup of Yugoslavia, they would also take the titles at EuroBasket 1989 and the 1990 FIBA World Championship in Argentina, where they were led by Drazen Petrovic, as well as the EuroBasket 1991 title, with Aleksandar Dordevic at point guard. When Yugoslavia won the gold in the 1990 FIBA World Championship, fans rushed onto the court. One of them was holding a Croatian flag, one of the six republics that made up Yugoslavia.", "Yugoslavia national basketball team The SFR Yugoslavian national basketball team ( / \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0435; ; ) represented the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1992 in international basketball matches and was controlled by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia (KSJ). After World War II, the team steadily improved their rankings and came to be one of the dominant forces of world basketball in the 1970s and the 1980s, along with the United States and Soviet Union, capturing 5 Olympic medals and 8 World Cups, 13 medals in total, along with another 13 on continental level (at EuroBaskets). After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, national teams of the successor countries, particularly Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, continued the strong performance in international competitions. Ten FIBA Hall of Fame members emerged from the Yugoslavian national team: Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Ivo Daneu, Mirza Deliba\u0161i\u0107, Vlade Divac, Dragan Ki\u0107anovi\u0107, Radivoj Kora\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 and Zoran Slavni\u0107. At the Summer Olympic Games, Yugoslavia captured one gold medal (1980), took the silver medal on three occasions (1968, 76, 88) and captured the bronze medal once (1984). At the FIBA World Cup, Yugoslavia captured three gold medals (1970, 1978 and 1990), three silver medals (1963, 1967, 1974) and two bronze medals (1982, 1986).", "A common quip about basketball is: \"The Americans invented it, the Yugoslavs perfected it.\" With such players as Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dino Ra\u0111a, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, \u017darko Paspalj and Jure Zdovc the country was responsible for a wave of international NBA players in the 1990s. Many of the former Yugoslav players of this era were a part of the under-21 national team that won the FIBA World Junior Championships in 1987, defeating the U.S. both in pool play and in the final. The 1991 team is regarded by Antonello Riva as the best team in European history. For 1992 onwards, as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: see Serbia and Montenegro national basketball team \"Top 10 appearances\" \"Top 10 scorers\" After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991, five new countries were created: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, FR Yugoslavia (in 2003, renamed to Serbia and Montenegro) and Slovenia. In 2006, Montenegro became an independent nation and Serbia became the legal successor of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2008, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became a FIBA member in 2015. Here is a list of men's national teams on the SFR Yugoslavia area: None of these teams is an inheritor of the results the SFR Yugoslavia national basketball team had accomplished. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, clubs, leagues and national teams of the successor state basketball associations continued the so-called \"Yugoslav school of basketball\" tradition, with some continuing to produce top results and exhibited strong performance in international competitions, both at world and continental stage. Particularly successful over the years, since break-up of former common country, was Serbia and Montenegro and now Serbia.", "Maljkovi\u0107 refused to modify his disciplinarian coaching style when it came to big-name players, treating them in the same stern and strict manner he treated others on the roster, all of which led to numerous run-ins with both Wilkins and Salley. Reporting on this, the \"New York Times\" described Maljkovi\u0107 as \"likely to act less like Phil Jackson and more like Bobby Knight\" while \"Sports Illustrated\" referred to him as \"an austere Serb who believes in my-way-or-Yugo discipline\". His often stated distaste for the NBA is also well known. In 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 said:   In October 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 became a member of the KK Crvena zvezda managing board. On May 9, 2017, Maljkovi\u0107 was elected president of the Olympic Committee of Serbia (OKS). He succeeded Serbian former basketball player Vlade Divac. Maljkovi\u0107 is the father of Marina Maljkovi\u0107 (born 1981), also a professional basketball coach. In August 2011, during the EuroBasket 2011 preparations, Maljkovi\u0107 opened a public row with the Serbian Olympic Committee (OKS) president Vlade Divac, calling the former player a \"fraudster and a liar\" in Croatian sports daily newspaper \"Sportske novosti\" as a response to Divac's remark in Slovenian media that Slovenia would've been better off keeping Jure Zdovc as head coach instead of hiring Maljkovi\u0107. The coach expanded on his insults, adding: \"Divac isn't even aware that I got the Slovenia job after Memi Be\u010dirovi\u0107, not after Zdovc. The journalist talking to Divac wasn't kind to him, ringing him up before noon. Considering Divac usually wakes up around 3pm, he was probably still delirious\".", "With Split he won his last trophy\u2014the Croatian Cup in 1994. \u010cutura played with the Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1979 European Championship for Cadets where his team took gold. He was the team's leading scorer with a 23.9 points average. \u010cutura's second major tournament was the first World Under-19 Championship, held the same year in Brazil where Yugoslavia finished fourth. His team mates included \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107, Goran Grbovi\u0107 and Zoran Radovi\u0107. He was the team's top scorer with 16.3 ppg. He was once again the top scorer (22.8 p) of his team (even though still playing for a second division club) at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors where he won silver. \u010cutura's first major senior tournament was the 1985 EuroBasket where Yugoslavia took seventh place. \u010cutura won his first senior medal at the 1986 World Championship where he played in a talent-packed team alongside Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Danko Cvjeti\u0107anin and others. Yugoslavia took bronze with \u010cutura contributing 10.3 ppg. Head coach Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 did not call-up \u010cutura for the 1987 EuroBasket, but \u010cutura was back on the team at the 1988 Summer Olympics under coach Du\u0161an Ivkovi\u0107. Yugoslavia took silver with \u010cutura making 8.2 ppg. At the 1989 Eurobasket played in front of his hometown crowd \u010cutura (5.0 ppg) along with Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Dino Ra\u0111a, \u017darko Paspalj, Vlade Divac, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Jure Zdovc and others took gold."], "answer": {"text": "1986 FIBA World Championship", "answer_start": 132}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Vlade Divac on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "senior Yugoslavia national basketball team", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae1a7ce0b4144088b0f2ad1f39380eb4_1_q#2", "question": "What position did he play on the national team?", "rewrite": "What position did Vlade Divac play on the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Maljkovi\u0107 refused to modify his disciplinarian coaching style when it came to big-name players, treating them in the same stern and strict manner he treated others on the roster, all of which led to numerous run-ins with both Wilkins and Salley. Reporting on this, the \"New York Times\" described Maljkovi\u0107 as \"likely to act less like Phil Jackson and more like Bobby Knight\" while \"Sports Illustrated\" referred to him as \"an austere Serb who believes in my-way-or-Yugo discipline\". His often stated distaste for the NBA is also well known. In 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 said:   In October 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 became a member of the KK Crvena zvezda managing board. On May 9, 2017, Maljkovi\u0107 was elected president of the Olympic Committee of Serbia (OKS). He succeeded Serbian former basketball player Vlade Divac. Maljkovi\u0107 is the father of Marina Maljkovi\u0107 (born 1981), also a professional basketball coach. In August 2011, during the EuroBasket 2011 preparations, Maljkovi\u0107 opened a public row with the Serbian Olympic Committee (OKS) president Vlade Divac, calling the former player a \"fraudster and a liar\" in Croatian sports daily newspaper \"Sportske novosti\" as a response to Divac's remark in Slovenian media that Slovenia would've been better off keeping Jure Zdovc as head coach instead of hiring Maljkovi\u0107. The coach expanded on his insults, adding: \"Divac isn't even aware that I got the Slovenia job after Memi Be\u010dirovi\u0107, not after Zdovc. The journalist talking to Divac wasn't kind to him, ringing him up before noon. Considering Divac usually wakes up around 3pm, he was probably still delirious\".", "In summer 1986, at 18, right after signing for KK Partizan, Divac debuted for the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1986 FIBA World Championship in Madrid, on invitation by the head coach Kresimir Cosic. However, the excellent rookie's performance was spoiled by the event in the semi-finals against the Soviet Union. Forty-five seconds before the end, Yugoslavia had a comfortable lead of 9 points, but the Soviets scored two three-pointers within a few seconds and cut the difference to 3 points. Yugoslavia tried to hold the ball for the remaining time, opting to continue the play with throw-ins instead of free throws following fouls, but with only 14 seconds left, Divac committed a double dribble, the Soviets were awarded the ball, and tied the score with another three-pointer. In the overtime, the Soviets easily prevailed against the shocked Yugoslavs, who had to be content with the bronze. The next year, Divac participated in the team that took the gold at the FIBA Junior World Championship (since split into separate under-19 and under-21 events) in Bormio, Italy. That event launched the young generation of Yugoslavian basket ballers, also featuring stars like Rada and Kukoc, regarded as likely the best in history. Before the breakup of Yugoslavia, they would also take the titles at EuroBasket 1989 and the 1990 FIBA World Championship in Argentina, where they were led by Drazen Petrovic, as well as the EuroBasket 1991 title, with Aleksandar Dordevic at point guard. When Yugoslavia won the gold in the 1990 FIBA World Championship, fans rushed onto the court. One of them was holding a Croatian flag, one of the six republics that made up Yugoslavia.", "Yugoslavia national basketball team The SFR Yugoslavian national basketball team ( / \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0435; ; ) represented the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1992 in international basketball matches and was controlled by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia (KSJ). After World War II, the team steadily improved their rankings and came to be one of the dominant forces of world basketball in the 1970s and the 1980s, along with the United States and Soviet Union, capturing 5 Olympic medals and 8 World Cups, 13 medals in total, along with another 13 on continental level (at EuroBaskets). After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, national teams of the successor countries, particularly Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, continued the strong performance in international competitions. Ten FIBA Hall of Fame members emerged from the Yugoslavian national team: Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Ivo Daneu, Mirza Deliba\u0161i\u0107, Vlade Divac, Dragan Ki\u0107anovi\u0107, Radivoj Kora\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 and Zoran Slavni\u0107. At the Summer Olympic Games, Yugoslavia captured one gold medal (1980), took the silver medal on three occasions (1968, 76, 88) and captured the bronze medal once (1984). At the FIBA World Cup, Yugoslavia captured three gold medals (1970, 1978 and 1990), three silver medals (1963, 1967, 1974) and two bronze medals (1982, 1986).", "With Split he won his last trophy\u2014the Croatian Cup in 1994. \u010cutura played with the Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1979 European Championship for Cadets where his team took gold. He was the team's leading scorer with a 23.9 points average. \u010cutura's second major tournament was the first World Under-19 Championship, held the same year in Brazil where Yugoslavia finished fourth. His team mates included \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107, Goran Grbovi\u0107 and Zoran Radovi\u0107. He was the team's top scorer with 16.3 ppg. He was once again the top scorer (22.8 p) of his team (even though still playing for a second division club) at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors where he won silver. \u010cutura's first major senior tournament was the 1985 EuroBasket where Yugoslavia took seventh place. \u010cutura won his first senior medal at the 1986 World Championship where he played in a talent-packed team alongside Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Danko Cvjeti\u0107anin and others. Yugoslavia took bronze with \u010cutura contributing 10.3 ppg. Head coach Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 did not call-up \u010cutura for the 1987 EuroBasket, but \u010cutura was back on the team at the 1988 Summer Olympics under coach Du\u0161an Ivkovi\u0107. Yugoslavia took silver with \u010cutura making 8.2 ppg. At the 1989 Eurobasket played in front of his hometown crowd \u010cutura (5.0 ppg) along with Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Dino Ra\u0111a, \u017darko Paspalj, Vlade Divac, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Jure Zdovc and others took gold.", "A common quip about basketball is: \"The Americans invented it, the Yugoslavs perfected it.\" With such players as Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dino Ra\u0111a, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, \u017darko Paspalj and Jure Zdovc the country was responsible for a wave of international NBA players in the 1990s. Many of the former Yugoslav players of this era were a part of the under-21 national team that won the FIBA World Junior Championships in 1987, defeating the U.S. both in pool play and in the final. The 1991 team is regarded by Antonello Riva as the best team in European history. For 1992 onwards, as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: see Serbia and Montenegro national basketball team \"Top 10 appearances\" \"Top 10 scorers\" After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991, five new countries were created: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, FR Yugoslavia (in 2003, renamed to Serbia and Montenegro) and Slovenia. In 2006, Montenegro became an independent nation and Serbia became the legal successor of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2008, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became a FIBA member in 2015. Here is a list of men's national teams on the SFR Yugoslavia area: None of these teams is an inheritor of the results the SFR Yugoslavia national basketball team had accomplished. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, clubs, leagues and national teams of the successor state basketball associations continued the so-called \"Yugoslav school of basketball\" tradition, with some continuing to produce top results and exhibited strong performance in international competitions, both at world and continental stage. Particularly successful over the years, since break-up of former common country, was Serbia and Montenegro and now Serbia."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Vlade Divac on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "senior Yugoslavia national basketball team", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did Vlade Divac play on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "1986 FIBA World Championship", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae1a7ce0b4144088b0f2ad1f39380eb4_1_q#3", "question": "How well did the national team do while Divac played on it?", "rewrite": "How well did the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team do while Vlade Divac played on it?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yugoslavia national basketball team The SFR Yugoslavian national basketball team ( / \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0435; ; ) represented the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1992 in international basketball matches and was controlled by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia (KSJ). After World War II, the team steadily improved their rankings and came to be one of the dominant forces of world basketball in the 1970s and the 1980s, along with the United States and Soviet Union, capturing 5 Olympic medals and 8 World Cups, 13 medals in total, along with another 13 on continental level (at EuroBaskets). After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, national teams of the successor countries, particularly Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, continued the strong performance in international competitions. Ten FIBA Hall of Fame members emerged from the Yugoslavian national team: Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Ivo Daneu, Mirza Deliba\u0161i\u0107, Vlade Divac, Dragan Ki\u0107anovi\u0107, Radivoj Kora\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 and Zoran Slavni\u0107. At the Summer Olympic Games, Yugoslavia captured one gold medal (1980), took the silver medal on three occasions (1968, 76, 88) and captured the bronze medal once (1984). At the FIBA World Cup, Yugoslavia captured three gold medals (1970, 1978 and 1990), three silver medals (1963, 1967, 1974) and two bronze medals (1982, 1986).", "In summer 1986, at 18, right after signing for KK Partizan, Divac debuted for the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1986 FIBA World Championship in Madrid, on invitation by the head coach Kresimir Cosic. However, the excellent rookie's performance was spoiled by the event in the semi-finals against the Soviet Union. Forty-five seconds before the end, Yugoslavia had a comfortable lead of 9 points, but the Soviets scored two three-pointers within a few seconds and cut the difference to 3 points. Yugoslavia tried to hold the ball for the remaining time, opting to continue the play with throw-ins instead of free throws following fouls, but with only 14 seconds left, Divac committed a double dribble, the Soviets were awarded the ball, and tied the score with another three-pointer. In the overtime, the Soviets easily prevailed against the shocked Yugoslavs, who had to be content with the bronze. The next year, Divac participated in the team that took the gold at the FIBA Junior World Championship (since split into separate under-19 and under-21 events) in Bormio, Italy. That event launched the young generation of Yugoslavian basket ballers, also featuring stars like Rada and Kukoc, regarded as likely the best in history. Before the breakup of Yugoslavia, they would also take the titles at EuroBasket 1989 and the 1990 FIBA World Championship in Argentina, where they were led by Drazen Petrovic, as well as the EuroBasket 1991 title, with Aleksandar Dordevic at point guard. When Yugoslavia won the gold in the 1990 FIBA World Championship, fans rushed onto the court. One of them was holding a Croatian flag, one of the six republics that made up Yugoslavia.", "With Split he won his last trophy\u2014the Croatian Cup in 1994. \u010cutura played with the Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1979 European Championship for Cadets where his team took gold. He was the team's leading scorer with a 23.9 points average. \u010cutura's second major tournament was the first World Under-19 Championship, held the same year in Brazil where Yugoslavia finished fourth. His team mates included \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107, Goran Grbovi\u0107 and Zoran Radovi\u0107. He was the team's top scorer with 16.3 ppg. He was once again the top scorer (22.8 p) of his team (even though still playing for a second division club) at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors where he won silver. \u010cutura's first major senior tournament was the 1985 EuroBasket where Yugoslavia took seventh place. \u010cutura won his first senior medal at the 1986 World Championship where he played in a talent-packed team alongside Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Danko Cvjeti\u0107anin and others. Yugoslavia took bronze with \u010cutura contributing 10.3 ppg. Head coach Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 did not call-up \u010cutura for the 1987 EuroBasket, but \u010cutura was back on the team at the 1988 Summer Olympics under coach Du\u0161an Ivkovi\u0107. Yugoslavia took silver with \u010cutura making 8.2 ppg. At the 1989 Eurobasket played in front of his hometown crowd \u010cutura (5.0 ppg) along with Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Dino Ra\u0111a, \u017darko Paspalj, Vlade Divac, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Jure Zdovc and others took gold.", "A common quip about basketball is: \"The Americans invented it, the Yugoslavs perfected it.\" With such players as Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dino Ra\u0111a, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, \u017darko Paspalj and Jure Zdovc the country was responsible for a wave of international NBA players in the 1990s. Many of the former Yugoslav players of this era were a part of the under-21 national team that won the FIBA World Junior Championships in 1987, defeating the U.S. both in pool play and in the final. The 1991 team is regarded by Antonello Riva as the best team in European history. For 1992 onwards, as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: see Serbia and Montenegro national basketball team \"Top 10 appearances\" \"Top 10 scorers\" After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991, five new countries were created: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, FR Yugoslavia (in 2003, renamed to Serbia and Montenegro) and Slovenia. In 2006, Montenegro became an independent nation and Serbia became the legal successor of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2008, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became a FIBA member in 2015. Here is a list of men's national teams on the SFR Yugoslavia area: None of these teams is an inheritor of the results the SFR Yugoslavia national basketball team had accomplished. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, clubs, leagues and national teams of the successor state basketball associations continued the so-called \"Yugoslav school of basketball\" tradition, with some continuing to produce top results and exhibited strong performance in international competitions, both at world and continental stage. Particularly successful over the years, since break-up of former common country, was Serbia and Montenegro and now Serbia.", "Maljkovi\u0107 refused to modify his disciplinarian coaching style when it came to big-name players, treating them in the same stern and strict manner he treated others on the roster, all of which led to numerous run-ins with both Wilkins and Salley. Reporting on this, the \"New York Times\" described Maljkovi\u0107 as \"likely to act less like Phil Jackson and more like Bobby Knight\" while \"Sports Illustrated\" referred to him as \"an austere Serb who believes in my-way-or-Yugo discipline\". His often stated distaste for the NBA is also well known. In 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 said:   In October 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 became a member of the KK Crvena zvezda managing board. On May 9, 2017, Maljkovi\u0107 was elected president of the Olympic Committee of Serbia (OKS). He succeeded Serbian former basketball player Vlade Divac. Maljkovi\u0107 is the father of Marina Maljkovi\u0107 (born 1981), also a professional basketball coach. In August 2011, during the EuroBasket 2011 preparations, Maljkovi\u0107 opened a public row with the Serbian Olympic Committee (OKS) president Vlade Divac, calling the former player a \"fraudster and a liar\" in Croatian sports daily newspaper \"Sportske novosti\" as a response to Divac's remark in Slovenian media that Slovenia would've been better off keeping Jure Zdovc as head coach instead of hiring Maljkovi\u0107. The coach expanded on his insults, adding: \"Divac isn't even aware that I got the Slovenia job after Memi Be\u010dirovi\u0107, not after Zdovc. The journalist talking to Divac wasn't kind to him, ringing him up before noon. Considering Divac usually wakes up around 3pm, he was probably still delirious\"."], "answer": {"text": "who had to be content with the bronze.", "answer_start": 880}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Vlade Divac on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "senior Yugoslavia national basketball team", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did Vlade Divac play on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "1986 FIBA World Championship", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae1a7ce0b4144088b0f2ad1f39380eb4_1_q#4", "question": "Who won when Divac played on the national team?", "rewrite": "Who won when Vlade Divac played on the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yugoslavia national basketball team The SFR Yugoslavian national basketball team ( / \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0435; ; ) represented the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1992 in international basketball matches and was controlled by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia (KSJ). After World War II, the team steadily improved their rankings and came to be one of the dominant forces of world basketball in the 1970s and the 1980s, along with the United States and Soviet Union, capturing 5 Olympic medals and 8 World Cups, 13 medals in total, along with another 13 on continental level (at EuroBaskets). After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, national teams of the successor countries, particularly Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, continued the strong performance in international competitions. Ten FIBA Hall of Fame members emerged from the Yugoslavian national team: Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Ivo Daneu, Mirza Deliba\u0161i\u0107, Vlade Divac, Dragan Ki\u0107anovi\u0107, Radivoj Kora\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 and Zoran Slavni\u0107. At the Summer Olympic Games, Yugoslavia captured one gold medal (1980), took the silver medal on three occasions (1968, 76, 88) and captured the bronze medal once (1984). At the FIBA World Cup, Yugoslavia captured three gold medals (1970, 1978 and 1990), three silver medals (1963, 1967, 1974) and two bronze medals (1982, 1986).", "In summer 1986, at 18, right after signing for KK Partizan, Divac debuted for the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1986 FIBA World Championship in Madrid, on invitation by the head coach Kresimir Cosic. However, the excellent rookie's performance was spoiled by the event in the semi-finals against the Soviet Union. Forty-five seconds before the end, Yugoslavia had a comfortable lead of 9 points, but the Soviets scored two three-pointers within a few seconds and cut the difference to 3 points. Yugoslavia tried to hold the ball for the remaining time, opting to continue the play with throw-ins instead of free throws following fouls, but with only 14 seconds left, Divac committed a double dribble, the Soviets were awarded the ball, and tied the score with another three-pointer. In the overtime, the Soviets easily prevailed against the shocked Yugoslavs, who had to be content with the bronze. The next year, Divac participated in the team that took the gold at the FIBA Junior World Championship (since split into separate under-19 and under-21 events) in Bormio, Italy. That event launched the young generation of Yugoslavian basket ballers, also featuring stars like Rada and Kukoc, regarded as likely the best in history. Before the breakup of Yugoslavia, they would also take the titles at EuroBasket 1989 and the 1990 FIBA World Championship in Argentina, where they were led by Drazen Petrovic, as well as the EuroBasket 1991 title, with Aleksandar Dordevic at point guard. When Yugoslavia won the gold in the 1990 FIBA World Championship, fans rushed onto the court. One of them was holding a Croatian flag, one of the six republics that made up Yugoslavia.", "Maljkovi\u0107 refused to modify his disciplinarian coaching style when it came to big-name players, treating them in the same stern and strict manner he treated others on the roster, all of which led to numerous run-ins with both Wilkins and Salley. Reporting on this, the \"New York Times\" described Maljkovi\u0107 as \"likely to act less like Phil Jackson and more like Bobby Knight\" while \"Sports Illustrated\" referred to him as \"an austere Serb who believes in my-way-or-Yugo discipline\". His often stated distaste for the NBA is also well known. In 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 said:   In October 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 became a member of the KK Crvena zvezda managing board. On May 9, 2017, Maljkovi\u0107 was elected president of the Olympic Committee of Serbia (OKS). He succeeded Serbian former basketball player Vlade Divac. Maljkovi\u0107 is the father of Marina Maljkovi\u0107 (born 1981), also a professional basketball coach. In August 2011, during the EuroBasket 2011 preparations, Maljkovi\u0107 opened a public row with the Serbian Olympic Committee (OKS) president Vlade Divac, calling the former player a \"fraudster and a liar\" in Croatian sports daily newspaper \"Sportske novosti\" as a response to Divac's remark in Slovenian media that Slovenia would've been better off keeping Jure Zdovc as head coach instead of hiring Maljkovi\u0107. The coach expanded on his insults, adding: \"Divac isn't even aware that I got the Slovenia job after Memi Be\u010dirovi\u0107, not after Zdovc. The journalist talking to Divac wasn't kind to him, ringing him up before noon. Considering Divac usually wakes up around 3pm, he was probably still delirious\".", "A common quip about basketball is: \"The Americans invented it, the Yugoslavs perfected it.\" With such players as Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dino Ra\u0111a, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, \u017darko Paspalj and Jure Zdovc the country was responsible for a wave of international NBA players in the 1990s. Many of the former Yugoslav players of this era were a part of the under-21 national team that won the FIBA World Junior Championships in 1987, defeating the U.S. both in pool play and in the final. The 1991 team is regarded by Antonello Riva as the best team in European history. For 1992 onwards, as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: see Serbia and Montenegro national basketball team \"Top 10 appearances\" \"Top 10 scorers\" After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991, five new countries were created: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, FR Yugoslavia (in 2003, renamed to Serbia and Montenegro) and Slovenia. In 2006, Montenegro became an independent nation and Serbia became the legal successor of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2008, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became a FIBA member in 2015. Here is a list of men's national teams on the SFR Yugoslavia area: None of these teams is an inheritor of the results the SFR Yugoslavia national basketball team had accomplished. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, clubs, leagues and national teams of the successor state basketball associations continued the so-called \"Yugoslav school of basketball\" tradition, with some continuing to produce top results and exhibited strong performance in international competitions, both at world and continental stage. Particularly successful over the years, since break-up of former common country, was Serbia and Montenegro and now Serbia.", "With Split he won his last trophy\u2014the Croatian Cup in 1994. \u010cutura played with the Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1979 European Championship for Cadets where his team took gold. He was the team's leading scorer with a 23.9 points average. \u010cutura's second major tournament was the first World Under-19 Championship, held the same year in Brazil where Yugoslavia finished fourth. His team mates included \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107, Goran Grbovi\u0107 and Zoran Radovi\u0107. He was the team's top scorer with 16.3 ppg. He was once again the top scorer (22.8 p) of his team (even though still playing for a second division club) at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors where he won silver. \u010cutura's first major senior tournament was the 1985 EuroBasket where Yugoslavia took seventh place. \u010cutura won his first senior medal at the 1986 World Championship where he played in a talent-packed team alongside Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Danko Cvjeti\u0107anin and others. Yugoslavia took bronze with \u010cutura contributing 10.3 ppg. Head coach Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 did not call-up \u010cutura for the 1987 EuroBasket, but \u010cutura was back on the team at the 1988 Summer Olympics under coach Du\u0161an Ivkovi\u0107. Yugoslavia took silver with \u010cutura making 8.2 ppg. At the 1989 Eurobasket played in front of his hometown crowd \u010cutura (5.0 ppg) along with Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Dino Ra\u0111a, \u017darko Paspalj, Vlade Divac, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Jure Zdovc and others took gold."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Vlade Divac on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "senior Yugoslavia national basketball team", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did Vlade Divac play on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "1986 FIBA World Championship", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did the national team do while Divac played on it?", "answer": {"text": "who had to be content with the bronze.", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae1a7ce0b4144088b0f2ad1f39380eb4_1_q#5", "question": "What team did Divac play for before he played on the national team?", "rewrite": "What team did Vlade Divac play for before Vlade Divac played on the senior Yugoslavia national basketball team?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A common quip about basketball is: \"The Americans invented it, the Yugoslavs perfected it.\" With such players as Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dino Ra\u0111a, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, \u017darko Paspalj and Jure Zdovc the country was responsible for a wave of international NBA players in the 1990s. Many of the former Yugoslav players of this era were a part of the under-21 national team that won the FIBA World Junior Championships in 1987, defeating the U.S. both in pool play and in the final. The 1991 team is regarded by Antonello Riva as the best team in European history. For 1992 onwards, as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: see Serbia and Montenegro national basketball team \"Top 10 appearances\" \"Top 10 scorers\" After the dissolution of SFR Yugoslavia in 1991, five new countries were created: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, FR Yugoslavia (in 2003, renamed to Serbia and Montenegro) and Slovenia. In 2006, Montenegro became an independent nation and Serbia became the legal successor of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2008, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became a FIBA member in 2015. Here is a list of men's national teams on the SFR Yugoslavia area: None of these teams is an inheritor of the results the SFR Yugoslavia national basketball team had accomplished. After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, clubs, leagues and national teams of the successor state basketball associations continued the so-called \"Yugoslav school of basketball\" tradition, with some continuing to produce top results and exhibited strong performance in international competitions, both at world and continental stage. Particularly successful over the years, since break-up of former common country, was Serbia and Montenegro and now Serbia.", "Eighteen-year-old Vlade Divac, another rising star, also joined the club that summer from Sloga. Together with young Sasha Djordjevic, \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107 and more established players like Milenko Savovi\u0107 and Goran Grbovi\u0107, they won the national title in a final against Crvena zvezda. Paspalj played well enough to earn a spot on the national team of Yugoslavia that won the Bronze at the EuroBasket 1987 in Athens, Greece. The following year, in 1988, he played a leading role in the side that made it to the Olympic final against the Soviet Union, and marked himself out as a potential star with some fine performances for Yugoslavia at the 1988 McDonald's Open. Also in 1988, Paspalj top-scored for Yugoslavia at the prestigious Acropolis Tournament in Athens, which included 26 points in one half in a tough-fought 104-103 victory against US college side Duke. In the summer of 1989 Paspalj became one of the first Europeans to move to the NBA, joining the San Antonio Spurs despite going undrafted one year earlier. He came into the league alongside two Soviets (\u0160ar\u016bnas Mar\u010diulionis and Alexander Volkov) and two more fellow Yugoslavs (Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 and Vlade Divac) as they collectively were dubbed the \"green card five\" by \"Sports Illustrated\". At the time they were the only five players in the entire NBA who didn't come up through the American collegiate system. They were thus followed on both sides of the Atlantic with extra interest as the public was curious to see how foreigners fare in the world's best league.", "With Split he won his last trophy\u2014the Croatian Cup in 1994. \u010cutura played with the Yugoslavia national basketball team at the 1979 European Championship for Cadets where his team took gold. He was the team's leading scorer with a 23.9 points average. \u010cutura's second major tournament was the first World Under-19 Championship, held the same year in Brazil where Yugoslavia finished fourth. His team mates included \u017deljko Obradovi\u0107, Goran Grbovi\u0107 and Zoran Radovi\u0107. He was the team's top scorer with 16.3 ppg. He was once again the top scorer (22.8 p) of his team (even though still playing for a second division club) at the 1980 European Championship for Juniors where he won silver. \u010cutura's first major senior tournament was the 1985 EuroBasket where Yugoslavia took seventh place. \u010cutura won his first senior medal at the 1986 World Championship where he played in a talent-packed team alongside Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Vlade Divac, Danko Cvjeti\u0107anin and others. Yugoslavia took bronze with \u010cutura contributing 10.3 ppg. Head coach Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 did not call-up \u010cutura for the 1987 EuroBasket, but \u010cutura was back on the team at the 1988 Summer Olympics under coach Du\u0161an Ivkovi\u0107. Yugoslavia took silver with \u010cutura making 8.2 ppg. At the 1989 Eurobasket played in front of his hometown crowd \u010cutura (5.0 ppg) along with Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Dino Ra\u0111a, \u017darko Paspalj, Vlade Divac, Predrag Danilovi\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Jure Zdovc and others took gold.", "Yugoslavia national basketball team The SFR Yugoslavian national basketball team ( / \u041a\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0408\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0458\u0435; ; ) represented the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1992 in international basketball matches and was controlled by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia (KSJ). After World War II, the team steadily improved their rankings and came to be one of the dominant forces of world basketball in the 1970s and the 1980s, along with the United States and Soviet Union, capturing 5 Olympic medals and 8 World Cups, 13 medals in total, along with another 13 on continental level (at EuroBaskets). After the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, national teams of the successor countries, particularly Serbia and Montenegro/Serbia, continued the strong performance in international competitions. Ten FIBA Hall of Fame members emerged from the Yugoslavian national team: Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107, Dra\u017een Dalipagi\u0107, Ivo Daneu, Mirza Deliba\u0161i\u0107, Vlade Divac, Dragan Ki\u0107anovi\u0107, Radivoj Kora\u0107, Toni Kuko\u010d, Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 and Zoran Slavni\u0107. At the Summer Olympic Games, Yugoslavia captured one gold medal (1980), took the silver medal on three occasions (1968, 76, 88) and captured the bronze medal once (1984). At the FIBA World Cup, Yugoslavia captured three gold medals (1970, 1978 and 1990), three silver medals (1963, 1967, 1974) and two bronze medals (1982, 1986).", "Maljkovi\u0107 refused to modify his disciplinarian coaching style when it came to big-name players, treating them in the same stern and strict manner he treated others on the roster, all of which led to numerous run-ins with both Wilkins and Salley. Reporting on this, the \"New York Times\" described Maljkovi\u0107 as \"likely to act less like Phil Jackson and more like Bobby Knight\" while \"Sports Illustrated\" referred to him as \"an austere Serb who believes in my-way-or-Yugo discipline\". His often stated distaste for the NBA is also well known. In 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 said:   In October 2009, Maljkovi\u0107 became a member of the KK Crvena zvezda managing board. On May 9, 2017, Maljkovi\u0107 was elected president of the Olympic Committee of Serbia (OKS). He succeeded Serbian former basketball player Vlade Divac. Maljkovi\u0107 is the father of Marina Maljkovi\u0107 (born 1981), also a professional basketball coach. In August 2011, during the EuroBasket 2011 preparations, Maljkovi\u0107 opened a public row with the Serbian Olympic Committee (OKS) president Vlade Divac, calling the former player a \"fraudster and a liar\" in Croatian sports daily newspaper \"Sportske novosti\" as a response to Divac's remark in Slovenian media that Slovenia would've been better off keeping Jure Zdovc as head coach instead of hiring Maljkovi\u0107. The coach expanded on his insults, adding: \"Divac isn't even aware that I got the Slovenia job after Memi Be\u010dirovi\u0107, not after Zdovc. The journalist talking to Divac wasn't kind to him, ringing him up before noon. Considering Divac usually wakes up around 3pm, he was probably still delirious\"."], "answer": {"text": "KK Partizan,", "answer_start": 47}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Vlade Divac on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "senior Yugoslavia national basketball team", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did Vlade Divac play on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "1986 FIBA World Championship", "answer_start": 132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did the national team do while Divac played on it?", "answer": {"text": "who had to be content with the bronze.", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won when Divac played on the national team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_deab8e7bb7c74dc5ac7394ae0a76b0c1_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Harry Wright born?", "rewrite": "Where was Harry Wright born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Harry Wright (disambiguation) Harry Wright (1835\u20131895) was an English-born American baseball player, manager and developer. Harry Wright may also refer to:", "Consort Donggo Empress Xiaoxian (1639 \u2013 23 September 1660), of the Manchu Plain White Banner Donggo clan, was a consort of the Shunzhi Emperor. She was one year his junior. Empress Xiaoxian's personal name was not recorded in history. Her ancestral home was in Liaoning. In the summer of 1656, Lady Donggo entered the Forbidden City and was deeply loved and favoured by the Shunzhi Emperor. On 12 October 1656, she was granted the title \"Consort Xian\". On 19 January 1657, she was elevated to \"Imperial Noble Consort\". The Shunzhi Emperor held a grand ceremony for the promotion of Lady Donggo and proclaimed an amnesty. On 12 November 1657, Lady Donggo gave birth to the emperor's fourth son. The premature death of their son on 25 February 1658 had a great impact on Lady Donggo and the Shunzhi Emperor. Lady Donggo fell ill and died on 23 September 1660. The Shunzhi Emperor was so overwhelmed with grief that he stopped attending daily court meetings for five days to mourn Lady Donggo. It was also said that the Shunzhi Emperor was so depressed that he wanted to commit suicide, and his subjects had to watch over him every day for fear of his safety. Two days after her death, Lady Donggo was posthumously granted the title of Empress, an uncommon gesture. She was interred in the Xiao Mausoleum of the Eastern Qing tombs.", "There were four double-shuttered sails and a six-bladed fantail which were attached to machinery contained within a revolving cap. The tower mill has four storeys and built of brick and coated in black rendering. After it ceased to be in operation it has been painted both white and black and is currently clad in white paint (see image which dates from 1998). The sails which had been retained when the mill was converted to a residence deteriorated over the years and following a gale in the 1950s one of the sails blew off. In 1968 the then occupier undertook restoration replacing the original dilapidated sails with dummy ones and spars which were painted red and white. Within the cap, which is original, the supporting rollers, rack, alignment wheels and windshaft have been preserved. The first miller of the smock mill was Thomas Moreton, born in Nuneaton and he was assisted by Charles Pedel a journeyman from Wendover. By 1871 he had been succeeded by Joseph Salt from Congleton In 1877 the miller was George Wright born in Cholesbury. In 1881 the last miller of this first mill was Harry Wright from Tring, Hertfordshire. Daniel Dwight is recorded as the first miller who occupied the newly built tower mill. A change of ownership resulted in Thomas Robinson from Moulton, Northamptonshire who was an experienced in steam powered mills, taking over in 1891. He continued to be the miller until it ceased operation in 1912 at which time he retired to the live at the nearby manor house. The mill has been converted to a private residence and is not open to the public. After the mill ceased operation in 1912 it was crudely converted along with the mill house into residential accommodation.", "List of Providence Grays managers The Providence Grays were a Major League Baseball team that played in Providence, Rhode Island. They played in the National League from 1878 through 1885. During their time as a Major League team, the Grays employed eight different managers. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field. The Grays' first manager was left fielder Tom York. York managed the team in 1878 and led them to a record of 33 wins and 27 losses. York also managed the Grays for part of the 1881 season, and in total managed the Grays for 96 games, with 56 wins and 37 losses, for a winning percentage of .602. In their second season, the Grays were managed by shortstop and Baseball Hall of Fameer George Wright. Wright led the team to a record of 59 wins and 25 losses for a winning percentage of .702 in 1879, winning the National League pennant. Wright left the team to join the Boston Red Caps, managed by his brother Harry Wright in 1880. In 1880 and 1881 the Grays employed a total of five different managers, including York's second term and 32 games managed by Hall of Famer John Montgomery Ward. In 1882, Hall of Famer Harry Wright, George Wright's brother, became the Grays manager, and George Wright rejoined the team as their shortstop. Harry Wright managed the team for two seasons, winning 110 games and losing 72. Frank Bancroft became the Grays' manager in 1884 and managed the team to record of 84 wins and 28 losses and a winning percentage of .750, winning the Grays' second National League pennant behind the strength of Charles Radbourn's record 59 pitching victories. The Grays also won the World Series in 1884; however the 19th century World Series was a very different event from the current World Series, which began in 1903.", "Harry Wright Goodhue Harry Wright Goodhue (1905\u20131931) was a stained glass artist whose work is featured in churches throughout the United States. During his short career he designed windows for over thirty churches. Goodhue was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts and the eldest son of Boston stained glass artist Harry Eldredge Goodhue and Mary Louise Wright Goodhue. Wright received his early training in his father's Boston studio and in children's art classes at the Boston Museum of Fine Art. In 1921, Wright left school to work as an office boy and later as a draftsman in the architectural firm of Allen & Collens, where he designed his first stained glass windows including a chancel window for a church designed by his uncle Bertram G. Goodhue. Wright later studied for two years at Harvard University, where he wrote a thesis on aesthetics. In 1930 he married writer Cornelia Evans and they lived in Greenwich Village. He died in 1931 at the early age of 26. In 1924, he and his mother (who is credited with a window at the First Parish Church, Brookline) opened their own Boston studio. His commissions included windows for churches by well-known architects such as Ralph Adams Cram, Bertram G. Goodhue, Allen & Collens, and William P. Hutchins. Some of Wright's window designs were shown at the Tricentennial Exhibition of the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts in 1927."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_deab8e7bb7c74dc5ac7394ae0a76b0c1_1_q#1", "question": "When was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Harry born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was Australia's second successive World Championship win in this boat class. Having given up rowing after a number of setbacks and deciding to start a family (sons Harry born 2006 and Charlie born 2008) Hannah Every-Hall returned to international rowing in 2010. In one of her first major events back on the circuit, Every-Hall won gold in the lightweight double with Alice McNamara at the 2010 World Cup. They went on to place fourth at the 2010 World Championships at Lake Karapiro in New Zealand. She raced again with McNamara in a double scull at Bled 2011 and they again placed fifth. Ahead of the 2012 London Olympics teamed up with Bronwen Watson in a women's lightweight double scull. They qualified the boat at World Rowing Cup events that year in Europe and raced at the Olympics at Eton, Dorney where they finished 5th in the final. At the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam she stroked the Australian lightweight quad scull of Sarah Pound, Maia Simmonds and Laura Dunn to a silver medal. She rowed an Australian lightweight double scull at the final Olympic qualifying regatta in Lucerne in 2016 attempting to make the boat for Rio 2016. But they did not place and Every-Hall had rowed her last selection for Australia after a seventeen-year representative career.", "Well Soon\", \"A Perfect State\", \"Life Begins\". Cottle has also appeared in many other TV shows including: Endeavour for ITV, Defending the Guilty for BBC2, Outlander for Amazon Prime, Pure for Channel 4, \"Plebs\" for ITV 2, \"Unforgotten\" for ITV, \"The Dresser\", Channel 4's \"Man Down\", Dave's \"Hoff the Record\" comedy series, \"The Job Lot\", \"Holby City\". \"Doctors\" and \"Pramface\". He is an Arsenal supporter and has two children, a daughter named Hannah born in 1997 and a son named Harry born in 2000.", "Education in these schools (which disparaged Buddhism) were a requirement for government office. Missionaries also wrote tracts in Sinhalese attacking Buddhism and promoting Christianity In the 19th century, a national Buddhist movement began as a response to Christian proselytizing, and was empowered by the results of the Panadura debate between Christian priests and Buddhist monks such as Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera and Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera which was widely seen as a victory for the Buddhists. In 1880 Henry Steel Olcott arrived in Sri Lanka with Madame Blavatsky of the Theosophical Society; he had been inspired when he read about the Panadura debate and after learning about Buddhism converted to the religion. Olcott and the Sinhalese Buddhist leaders established the Buddhist Theosophical Society in 1880, with the goal of establishing Buddhist schools (there were only three at the time, by 1940, there were 429 Buddhist schools on the island). The society also had its own publications to promote Buddhism; the Sinhalese newspaper, \"Sarasavisandarasa\", and its English counterpart, \"The Buddhist\". As a result of their efforts, Vesak became a public holiday, Buddhist registrars of marriage were allowed, and interest in Buddhism increased. Another important figure in the revival is Anagarika Dharmapala, initially an interpreter for Olcott, who traveled around the island preaching and writing. After traveling to India, he established the Maha Bodhi Society in 1891 whose goal was to revive Buddhism in India, and restore the ancient Buddhist shrines at Bodh Gaya, Sarnath and Kushinara. His efforts saw the restoration of these sites and a renewal of interest in Buddhism among some Indians. The associations of the Buddhist revival also contributed much to the publication of Buddhist texts, and promotion of Buddhist scholarship.", "In 1998 he played \"Bob\" in \"The Young Person's Guide to Becoming a Rock Star\". In 1999 he appeared as \"Cello Player\" in \"Tube Tales\". Holland has written four screenplays, three of which have been sold to producers, but as yet, have not been made into films. Holland has written material for Bob Monkhouse, Lenny Henry, Harry Enfield, Des O'Connor, Clive Anderson and many others. Holland has published two comic novels, \"Only in America\" and \"The Ripple Effect\". His third novel, \"A Man's Life\", was published in 2013. For two years Holland wrote the \"Funny Money\" column for \"The Guardian\". In January 2013 Holland published \"How Tom Holland Eclipsed His Dad\". Holland and his wife, photographer Nicola Elizabeth Frost, have four sons together: actor Tom Holland born in 1996, twins Sam and Harry born in 1999, and Patrick \u2018Paddy\u2019 born in 2004.", "All the buildings suffered damage but along with the collapsed Nuevo Le\u00f3n building, buildings such as those called Veracruz, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Jalisco, Churubusco, Guelatao, 2 de Abril, 15 de Septiembre, Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, ISSSTE 11, Quer\u00e9taro, Guanajuato, Ignacio Comonfort, Ignacio M. Altamirano, Jes\u00fas Ter\u00e1n, Ponciano Arriaga, Ni\u00f1os H\u00e9roes and 20 de Noviembre suffered severe damage such as deeply cracked foundations. In the days after the quake, military and police cordoned off ten buildings to keep people out, leading a number of them to sleep on the streets. Twelve buildings in the complex were so badly damaged that they were demolished in the next six months. Buildings A1, B2 and C3 of the Multifamiliar Ju\u00e1rez complex partially collapsed with a total of nine structures eventually being demolished. One of the more famous images of the event was the live broadcast of \"Hoy Mismo,\" a news program in the Televisa television network, when the earthquake struck. In the video, movement can be seen, especially in the lights above the newscasters. The three newscasters were Mar\u00eda Victoria Llamas (substituting for Guillermo Ochoa), Lourdes Guerrero and Juan Dosal. As the movement began Llamas reports grabbing the underside of the desk, and whispering quickly to her colleagues that she hoped no one could see how scared she was. The last image broadcast from the studio was that of Lourdes Guerrero stating \"... it's still shaking a little (\"sigue temblando un poquitito\"), but we must take it calmly. We will wait just a second so we can keep talking.\" Then the image disappeared."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Harry Wright born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_deab8e7bb7c74dc5ac7394ae0a76b0c1_1_q#2", "question": "What year did he start playing baseball?", "rewrite": "What year did Harry start playing baseball?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Faron Anderson Faron Anderson (born 14 February 1975) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer of the 1990s. Primarily a , he was a foundation player for the North Queensland Cowboys. In Round 15 of the 1995 ARL season, Anderson made his first grade debut in the Cowboys' first ever home win, a 31-12 victory over the Western Suburbs Magpies. He would play just three games over two seasons for the club.", "All of his MLB career was during baseball's second deadball era. Lee Maye said, \"The greatest thrill is not getting to the major leagues. It's staying there. I played 13 seasons when they had only 16 teams and I think that was a great accomplishment for me.\" Arthur Lee Maye's baseball and music career often conflicted. He sang under the name Arthur Lee Maye but played baseball under Lee Maye. Another Lee May (Lee Andrew May) broke into Major League Baseball in 1965 and soon put up bigger home run and RBI numbers. Only one record credits his dual career. A 1959 release \" Will You Be Mine\" on CASH had Lee Maye of the Milwaukee Braves on the label. Playing baseball full-time created a time lag problem. Maye said, \"When I was playing baseball all the requisite hours, I was a year behind in music, and I never got a chance to catch up with the music trend that I should have been with. I truly was behind the time, and I acknowledge that. Baseball and singing collided\". He also knew that baseball prevented his going on tour to promote his songs. \"When you're playing baseball and singing it's a very tough career for both of those, because you have to be at both places at the same time of the year, and you can't do that\". Lee Maye tried for ten years after his playing career to find a job in organized baseball. He failed, as few non-playing baseball jobs existed for blacks at the time. His outspoken views on racism in baseball angered its owners. And Maye's artistic temperament sometimes clashed with teammates and coaches. Maye later worked with Amtrak until his retirement.", "Allondans Allondans is a commune in the Doubs department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comt\u00e9 region in eastern France.", "Lorenzo Cain Lorenzo Lamar Cain (born April 13, 1986) is an American professional baseball center fielder for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Kansas City Royals. The Brewers drafted him in the 17th round of the 2004 MLB draft from Tallahassee Community College in Florida. In 2010, Cain made his MLB debut, and, following the season, the Brewers traded him to Kansas City with three other players for pitcher Zack Greinke. Four years later, he placed in the top 10 in the American League in batting average (.301) and stolen bases (28). Known for his defensive acrobatics, he has won two Wilson Defensive Player of the Year Awards for outfielders and one Fielding Bible Award. Further, he won the 2014 American League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award due in part to his defensive play. Cain's father died when Lorenzo was four years old. His mother, Patricia, raised him and his brother, and still works at a printing plant in Madison, Florida. In contrast to most professional ballplayers, Cain did not start playing baseball until his sophomore year in Florida's Madison County High School. He only did so, he said, because he was not chosen for the school basketball team. At the time, Cain didn't own a baseball glove. Cain was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 17th round of the 2004 amateur draft out of Tallahassee Community College. He began his career in 2005, playing for their Rookie League Helena Brewers and AZL Brewers. In 2006, he was promoted to the Class A West Virginia Power, where he was named to the South Atlantic League's mid and post-season All-Star teams. Cain was promoted to their Class A-Advanced Brevard County Manatees in 2007.", "When Sinead finds out she leaves the village with Hannah. Tony discovers their relationship at the village pride and doesn't approve of their relationship. Ste and Harry start a relationship but Tony makes him see that he is ruining Harry's life. Ste breaks up with Harry on his 18th birthday and gets back together with John Paul. On Christmas Day, John Paul realises that Ste still loves Harry and they break up and Ste reconiles with Harry. They move in with Leela but her boyfriend Cameron Campbell (Cameron Moore) doesn't want them living with him and makes up false accusations about Ste so they out and end up homeless. When Ste thinks about dealing drugs again, Harry sleeps with another man for money and when Ste finds out, they break up. Cameron gives Ste crystal meth and he later becomes addicted. Ste joins Cameron on a boat trip so Cameron can scatter his fathers ashes. A fight ensues and Cameron knocks Ste off the boat. Ste struggles because he can't swim and Cameron considers leaving him to die but saves him at the last second. In a special three hander episode, Ste carries on with his drug addiction and Harry tells him that Tony is looking into a rehabilitation center for Ste. When Harry refuses to give Ste money for drugs, Ste storms off and Harry follows him but Ste punches Harry. Harry overhears Ste tell Tony that he isn't a domestic abuser anymore. Harry quizzes Tony on this and Tony tells him about Ste and Amy. The next day, Harry returns to Ste and he agrees to go to the rehabilitation center. When Ste returns from rehab, he goes to see Leah and Lucas but instead meets Ryan Knight (Duncan James), Amy's new fianc\u00e9. Ste is hurt when Leah doesn't want to see him."], "answer": {"text": "1867.", "answer_start": 450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Harry Wright born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_deab8e7bb7c74dc5ac7394ae0a76b0c1_1_q#3", "question": "When did he retire?", "rewrite": "When did Harry retire from baseball?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The knowledge of these hallucinations are later used by Matru as a ploy to get Harry drunk in order to serve his own plans. Bijlee Mandola is the only child of Harry Mandola. She lost her mother when she was young and now lives in Mandola village after having received a higher education in New Delhi and later in Oxford, England. Bijlee is now in love with Baadal (Arya Babbar), the son of politician Chaudhari Devi (Shabana Azmi) and is all set to marry him. Chaudhari Devi is a corrupt politician who, along with her obedients, is helping Harry realise his dream. Baadal and Bijlee's union is strategically apt as it serves Harry's and Chaudhari Devi's personal goals. While Chaudhari Devi conspires to control Harry's wealth by marrying her son to his daughter, Harry seeks Chaudhari Devi's help in realising his dream in exchange for their children's marriage. Matru is a revolutionary, fighting for the villagers' cause of not letting their land being taken away. He is educated in Law from JNU, holds a job as Harry's driver and is responsible for regulating Harry's drinking. Matru's revolutionary instincts are shown to be significantly influenced by those of Mao Tse Tung. The film starts with a negotiation at a liquor shop set in crop laden fields, between the liquor shop owner and a heavily drunk Harry. The shop owner's rude refusal to sell alcohol to Harry due to the day being a dry day, provokes Harry to run his Limousine into the shop. Once drunk, Harry is shown to be an entirely different individual, who wants the land of the villagers to be returned to them, Matru to marry Bijlee while himself to retire into a religious man.", "Harry Walker Harry William Walker, known to baseball fans of the middle 20th century as \"Harry the Hat\" (October 22, 1918 \u2013 August 8, 1999), was an American baseball player, manager and coach. Born in Pascagoula, Mississippi, Harry was a member of a distinguished baseball family. He was the son of former Washington Senators pitcher Ewart \"Dixie\" Walker and the brother of Fred \"Dixie\" Walker, like Harry an outfielder and National League batting champion. He was also the nephew of fellow Major League outfielder Ernie Walker. Harry stood tall and weighed . Like his father, brother and uncle, he batted left-handed and threw right-handed. \"Harry the Hat\" got his nickname from his habit during at-bats of continually adjusting his cap between pitches\u2014there were no batting helmets in his day. His batting title came in , when he hit .363 in a season during which he was traded from his original team, the St. Louis Cardinals, to the Philadelphia Phillies. The previous year he was one of the stars of the Cardinals\u2019 1946 World Series championship team. In the decisive seventh game against the Boston Red Sox, with Enos Slaughter on first base, Harry doubled to left center and Slaughter, running on the pitch and taking advantage of a slow relay from the Red Sox' Johnny Pesky, scored from first base in a \"mad dash\" with the winning run. He knocked in six runs during that Series, and batted .412. Harry lacked his brother Dixie's power\u2014he hit only ten home runs in 807 games played over all or parts of 11 seasons in the National League\u2014but he compiled a .296 lifetime batting average and 786 hits with the Cards, Phils, Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds and was to be famed throughout his coaching and managing career as a batting tutor.", "Thomas Watson (bishop of Lincoln) Thomas Watson (1515\u20131584) was a Catholic Bishop, notable among Catholics for his descriptions of the Protestant Reformation. Watson was born near Durham in 1515 at a time when England was still a Catholic country . Watson grew up in a monastic world at Nun Stainton, near Durham. Little about his earliest schooling is known, but for entrance to Cambridge University, he would have studied at Durham's Priory School. \" The Rites of Durham\", written in about 1593, recalls life in Durham Cathedral before the Dissolution. Watson describes the school, and the last schoolmaster, Robert Hartburne, as a venerable and learned monk, always looking for a bright pupil who was \"apt to learning, and did apply his book, and had a pregnant wit with all\" to groom for university entrance. Watson grew up in Durham. He left for St John's College, Cambridge in 1529. The majority of staff and students, under their Chancellor, John Fisher, were clerics or future clerics. Watson received his B.A. in 1532/3 and his M.A. in 1536. In 1536, the 21-year-old Watson was required to swear an oath of allegiance to King Henry VIII following the king's rejection of the Catholic Church. The oath included the following phrase: In response to his oath of allegiance to Henry VIII, Watson wrote an unpublished five-act play. The play, written in Latin verse and completed at around 1540, was based on Absalom's revolt against his father David described in the Old Testament. The manuscript was hidden and lost until it was rediscovered among 16th century humanist manuscripts in the British Museum in 1963. Absalom was written \"in trew imitation\" of a classical tragedy, but with a contemporary twist.", "Whipping Boy (Irish band) Whipping Boy are an Irish alternative rock band who were mainly active in the 1980s and 1990s. The band reformed briefly in 2005 for a series of shows. 2011 saw Whipping Boy emerge again, this time without Paul Page and Myles McDonnell. The Whipping Boy Periscopes Up tour summer 2011 saw Joey (bass) and Finn (guitar) replace them with longtime live guitarist Killian McGowan completing the line up. Whipping Boy formed in Dublin in 1988, the band comprising Fearghal McKee (vocals), Paul Page (guitar), Myles McDonnell (bass, vocals), and Colm Hassett (drums). They initially performed cover versions of songs by The Velvet Underground and The Fall, and went by the name Lolita and the Whipping Boy, shortening their name when their female guitarist left. After a couple of EP's on the Cheree label, they released their low-key debut album, \"Submarine\" in 1992 on Liquid Records . Their live performances raised their profile, with McKee known to cut himself with broken glass on stage. The album was critically acclaimed though commercially unsuccessful, and led to a deal with Columbia Records, who issued the band's second album, \"Heartworm\", in 1995, along with three minor hit singles. \"Heartworm\" received much critical acclaim, with \"Allmusic\" calling it \"an earth-shatteringly powerful experience\". The group split up in 1998 after being dropped by Columbia, leaving a third album unreleased. The self-titled album was eventually released in 2000 on their own Low Rent label. The band reformed in September 2005, announcing several Irish dates.", "Harry Wolverton Harry Sterling Wolverton (December 6, 1873 \u2013 February 4, 1937), nicknamed \"Fighting Harry\", was an American professional baseball player. He played all or part of nine seasons in Major League Baseball from 1898 through 1905 and 1912. He played for the Chicago Orphans, Philadelphia Phillies, Washington Senators, Boston Beaneaters, and New York Highlanders, primarily as a third baseman. He also managed the Highlanders in 1912. In addition to playing in MLB, Wolverton managed several minor league baseball teams. After he retired from baseball, he worked as a police officer with the Oakland Police Department. Wolverton was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, on December 6, 1873, to Amanda and John the Baptist Wolverton. John, a veteran of the Civil War, worked with Amanda's father in dyeing. Harry had an older brother, Fred, and a younger sister, Birdie. Fred became a dentist, while Birdie married and moved to Florida. Wolverton played sandlot ball, and then played for his high school baseball team. Wolverton then enrolled at Kenyon College, where he played American football as a halfback, and baseball as a catcher. However, he left Kenyon after his junior year, as he was facing possible expulsion. Wolverton played semi-professional baseball for a Paulding, Ohio team for the summer of 1895, earning $60 a month ($ in current dollar terms) as a pitcher and first baseman. Wolverton signed with the Columbus Senators of the Western League on February 22, 1896, beginning his professional career in minor league baseball as a pitcher. During the 1896 season, he struggled with his control, relegating him to the role of a relief pitcher. He did register a .385 batting average in limited at-bats."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Harry Wright born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he start playing baseball?", "answer": {"text": "1867.", "answer_start": 450, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#0", "question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shaw, who claimed he \"simply hates [[the establishment|the system]]\", and that the \"system could never beat him\", was consistently moved onto different prisons and spent time at [[Broadmoor Hospital|Broadmoor Hospital for Criminally Insane]]. According to Shaw's autobiography, \"Pretty Boy\" (1999), \"uncontrollable prisoners, were deliberately drugged up with the aim of turning them into permanent 'cabbages'\". At Broadmoor, Shaw underwent experimental [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in an attempt to control his temper. His doctor claimed that Shaw had at first come across as a large and intimidating yet soft-spoken gentleman, but when faced with treatment he didn't want, Shaw became \"the most powerful and dangerous man I have ever tried to treat\". The doctor reported the treatments as having been a complete failure, and only served to make Shaw even more aggressive and unpredictable. Shaw routinely stabbed [[police informant|police informers]] and even slashed the throat of a former best friend while incarcerated owing to his strong belief in a 'code of honour' amongst criminals which must not be broken. During his time in Broadmoor, Shaw again encountered [[Ronnie Kray]]. Shaw also spent time with such people as [[Ronnie Biggs]] and [[Charles Bronson (prisoner)|Charles Bronson]] at other prisons. By 1974, Shaw had already spent around 18 years in more than 22 different prisons. Shaw claims to have had ten fights in his twenties using the [[Pseudonym|alias]] \"Roy West\". However information on these has proven difficult to trace. His early boxing career was cut short when he was incarcerated.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens.", "To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme.", "Rampton Secure Hospital Rampton Secure Hospital is a high security psychiatric hospital near the village of Woodbeck between Retford and Rampton in Nottinghamshire, England. It is one of only three high security psychiatric hospitals in England, alongside Ashworth Hospital near Liverpool and Broadmoor Hospital in Berkshire. It is managed by Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust. Rampton Hospital, which was designed by Francis William Troup, was built on what until then was a large open common known as \"Rampton Field\" as an overflow facility for Broadmoor Hospital and opened in 1912. The hospital was built on a 77 hectare site. Staff were required to live on-site and estate cottages for their use were built in the 1920s and 1930s. An outdoor arena, an indoor gymnasium and a swimming pool were added in the 1960s. On 22 May 1979, Yorkshire Television broadcast an expos\u00e9 programme titled \"Rampton, The Secret Hospital\", showing the routinely severe mistreatment of Rampton patients by staff. A groundbreaking look inside the hitherto secret world of a 'special hospital', it was cited in a \"top ten\" of television programmes which occasioned intense public debate and engendered far-reaching effects upon its subject area, and it was awarded an International Emmy. A follow-up television broadcast a few weeks later reported that its immediate effect within the hospital had so far amounted to a few scapegoat prosecutions while the status quo had continued largely as before, except that no staff member could trust another not to be a whistle-blower. An inquiry under Sir John Boynton was set up; the report in 1980 was critical of the hospital's management structure making a total of 205 recommendations. In February 2000, the hospital was awarded a Charter Mark award. This government scheme was designed to both reward excellence and encourage constant quality improvement."], "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#1", "question": "Victorian in what way?", "rewrite": "Broadmoor Hospital is Victorian in what way?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In October 2003 psychiatrists noted there had been \"a continued improvement in his mental state\" and talked of plans for a move to more independent accommodation. In November 2003 his mental health social worker wrote to the Home Office stating that matters had settled down and there were no further concerns. It was thought that he \"did not present any major risks.\" In January 2004 social workers applied for the transfer of Bryan to \"low\u2013support accommodation\"; instead, Bryan was transferred to an open psychiatric ward at Newham General Hospital for his safety after allegations that he had indecently assaulted a 16-year-old girl close to the hostel. In February 2004 he walked out of the mental health unit in Newham, East London, and killed friend Brian Cherry. Police were called after neighbours heard screams, and weapons, including a hammer, were found strewn around the flat. When police caught up with him, he was cooking the dead man's brain in a frying pan. Bryan was remanded to Broadmoor Hospital after appearing in court over Mr Cherry's death. Two months later, while on remand in Broadmoor, Bryan killed his third victim, fellow patient Richard Loudwell, aged 60. He battered him on the head and tied a ligature around his neck. Mr Loudwell died in hospital later that day. Bryan said that if he had not been interrupted he would have eaten Loudwell's flesh. On 15 March 2005, Bryan pleaded guilty at the Old Bailey to two manslaughters on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Judge Giles Forrester said: \"You killed on these last two occasions because it gave you a thrill and a feeling of power when you ate flesh.\" Bryan, who suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and is a self-confessed cannibal, was committed to Broadmoor Hospital for treatment.", "To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme.", "Shaw, who claimed he \"simply hates [[the establishment|the system]]\", and that the \"system could never beat him\", was consistently moved onto different prisons and spent time at [[Broadmoor Hospital|Broadmoor Hospital for Criminally Insane]]. According to Shaw's autobiography, \"Pretty Boy\" (1999), \"uncontrollable prisoners, were deliberately drugged up with the aim of turning them into permanent 'cabbages'\". At Broadmoor, Shaw underwent experimental [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in an attempt to control his temper. His doctor claimed that Shaw had at first come across as a large and intimidating yet soft-spoken gentleman, but when faced with treatment he didn't want, Shaw became \"the most powerful and dangerous man I have ever tried to treat\". The doctor reported the treatments as having been a complete failure, and only served to make Shaw even more aggressive and unpredictable. Shaw routinely stabbed [[police informant|police informers]] and even slashed the throat of a former best friend while incarcerated owing to his strong belief in a 'code of honour' amongst criminals which must not be broken. During his time in Broadmoor, Shaw again encountered [[Ronnie Kray]]. Shaw also spent time with such people as [[Ronnie Biggs]] and [[Charles Bronson (prisoner)|Charles Bronson]] at other prisons. By 1974, Shaw had already spent around 18 years in more than 22 different prisons. Shaw claims to have had ten fights in his twenties using the [[Pseudonym|alias]] \"Roy West\". However information on these has proven difficult to trace. His early boxing career was cut short when he was incarcerated.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens."], "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#2", "question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "rewrite": "What is the most important aspect of this article about Broadmoor Hospital?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In October 2003 psychiatrists noted there had been \"a continued improvement in his mental state\" and talked of plans for a move to more independent accommodation. In November 2003 his mental health social worker wrote to the Home Office stating that matters had settled down and there were no further concerns. It was thought that he \"did not present any major risks.\" In January 2004 social workers applied for the transfer of Bryan to \"low\u2013support accommodation\"; instead, Bryan was transferred to an open psychiatric ward at Newham General Hospital for his safety after allegations that he had indecently assaulted a 16-year-old girl close to the hostel. In February 2004 he walked out of the mental health unit in Newham, East London, and killed friend Brian Cherry. Police were called after neighbours heard screams, and weapons, including a hammer, were found strewn around the flat. When police caught up with him, he was cooking the dead man's brain in a frying pan. Bryan was remanded to Broadmoor Hospital after appearing in court over Mr Cherry's death. Two months later, while on remand in Broadmoor, Bryan killed his third victim, fellow patient Richard Loudwell, aged 60. He battered him on the head and tied a ligature around his neck. Mr Loudwell died in hospital later that day. Bryan said that if he had not been interrupted he would have eaten Loudwell's flesh. On 15 March 2005, Bryan pleaded guilty at the Old Bailey to two manslaughters on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Judge Giles Forrester said: \"You killed on these last two occasions because it gave you a thrill and a feeling of power when you ate flesh.\" Bryan, who suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and is a self-confessed cannibal, was committed to Broadmoor Hospital for treatment.", "To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens.", "Shaw, who claimed he \"simply hates [[the establishment|the system]]\", and that the \"system could never beat him\", was consistently moved onto different prisons and spent time at [[Broadmoor Hospital|Broadmoor Hospital for Criminally Insane]]. According to Shaw's autobiography, \"Pretty Boy\" (1999), \"uncontrollable prisoners, were deliberately drugged up with the aim of turning them into permanent 'cabbages'\". At Broadmoor, Shaw underwent experimental [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in an attempt to control his temper. His doctor claimed that Shaw had at first come across as a large and intimidating yet soft-spoken gentleman, but when faced with treatment he didn't want, Shaw became \"the most powerful and dangerous man I have ever tried to treat\". The doctor reported the treatments as having been a complete failure, and only served to make Shaw even more aggressive and unpredictable. Shaw routinely stabbed [[police informant|police informers]] and even slashed the throat of a former best friend while incarcerated owing to his strong belief in a 'code of honour' amongst criminals which must not be broken. During his time in Broadmoor, Shaw again encountered [[Ronnie Kray]]. Shaw also spent time with such people as [[Ronnie Biggs]] and [[Charles Bronson (prisoner)|Charles Bronson]] at other prisons. By 1974, Shaw had already spent around 18 years in more than 22 different prisons. Shaw claims to have had ten fights in his twenties using the [[Pseudonym|alias]] \"Roy West\". However information on these has proven difficult to trace. His early boxing career was cut short when he was incarcerated.", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme."], "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#3", "question": "What was involved in the redevelopment?", "rewrite": "What was involved in the redevelopment of Broadmoor Hospital in 2012?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens.", "In October 2003 psychiatrists noted there had been \"a continued improvement in his mental state\" and talked of plans for a move to more independent accommodation. In November 2003 his mental health social worker wrote to the Home Office stating that matters had settled down and there were no further concerns. It was thought that he \"did not present any major risks.\" In January 2004 social workers applied for the transfer of Bryan to \"low\u2013support accommodation\"; instead, Bryan was transferred to an open psychiatric ward at Newham General Hospital for his safety after allegations that he had indecently assaulted a 16-year-old girl close to the hostel. In February 2004 he walked out of the mental health unit in Newham, East London, and killed friend Brian Cherry. Police were called after neighbours heard screams, and weapons, including a hammer, were found strewn around the flat. When police caught up with him, he was cooking the dead man's brain in a frying pan. Bryan was remanded to Broadmoor Hospital after appearing in court over Mr Cherry's death. Two months later, while on remand in Broadmoor, Bryan killed his third victim, fellow patient Richard Loudwell, aged 60. He battered him on the head and tied a ligature around his neck. Mr Loudwell died in hospital later that day. Bryan said that if he had not been interrupted he would have eaten Loudwell's flesh. On 15 March 2005, Bryan pleaded guilty at the Old Bailey to two manslaughters on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Judge Giles Forrester said: \"You killed on these last two occasions because it gave you a thrill and a feeling of power when you ate flesh.\" Bryan, who suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and is a self-confessed cannibal, was committed to Broadmoor Hospital for treatment.", "Shaw, who claimed he \"simply hates [[the establishment|the system]]\", and that the \"system could never beat him\", was consistently moved onto different prisons and spent time at [[Broadmoor Hospital|Broadmoor Hospital for Criminally Insane]]. According to Shaw's autobiography, \"Pretty Boy\" (1999), \"uncontrollable prisoners, were deliberately drugged up with the aim of turning them into permanent 'cabbages'\". At Broadmoor, Shaw underwent experimental [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in an attempt to control his temper. His doctor claimed that Shaw had at first come across as a large and intimidating yet soft-spoken gentleman, but when faced with treatment he didn't want, Shaw became \"the most powerful and dangerous man I have ever tried to treat\". The doctor reported the treatments as having been a complete failure, and only served to make Shaw even more aggressive and unpredictable. Shaw routinely stabbed [[police informant|police informers]] and even slashed the throat of a former best friend while incarcerated owing to his strong belief in a 'code of honour' amongst criminals which must not be broken. During his time in Broadmoor, Shaw again encountered [[Ronnie Kray]]. Shaw also spent time with such people as [[Ronnie Biggs]] and [[Charles Bronson (prisoner)|Charles Bronson]] at other prisons. By 1974, Shaw had already spent around 18 years in more than 22 different prisons. Shaw claims to have had ten fights in his twenties using the [[Pseudonym|alias]] \"Roy West\". However information on these has proven difficult to trace. His early boxing career was cut short when he was incarcerated."], "answer": {"text": "10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234.", "answer_start": 328}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#4", "question": "How many floors were the buildings?", "rewrite": "How many floors were Broadmoor Hospital?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In October 2003 psychiatrists noted there had been \"a continued improvement in his mental state\" and talked of plans for a move to more independent accommodation. In November 2003 his mental health social worker wrote to the Home Office stating that matters had settled down and there were no further concerns. It was thought that he \"did not present any major risks.\" In January 2004 social workers applied for the transfer of Bryan to \"low\u2013support accommodation\"; instead, Bryan was transferred to an open psychiatric ward at Newham General Hospital for his safety after allegations that he had indecently assaulted a 16-year-old girl close to the hostel. In February 2004 he walked out of the mental health unit in Newham, East London, and killed friend Brian Cherry. Police were called after neighbours heard screams, and weapons, including a hammer, were found strewn around the flat. When police caught up with him, he was cooking the dead man's brain in a frying pan. Bryan was remanded to Broadmoor Hospital after appearing in court over Mr Cherry's death. Two months later, while on remand in Broadmoor, Bryan killed his third victim, fellow patient Richard Loudwell, aged 60. He battered him on the head and tied a ligature around his neck. Mr Loudwell died in hospital later that day. Bryan said that if he had not been interrupted he would have eaten Loudwell's flesh. On 15 March 2005, Bryan pleaded guilty at the Old Bailey to two manslaughters on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Judge Giles Forrester said: \"You killed on these last two occasions because it gave you a thrill and a feeling of power when you ate flesh.\" Bryan, who suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and is a self-confessed cannibal, was committed to Broadmoor Hospital for treatment.", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme.", "To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "Shaw, who claimed he \"simply hates [[the establishment|the system]]\", and that the \"system could never beat him\", was consistently moved onto different prisons and spent time at [[Broadmoor Hospital|Broadmoor Hospital for Criminally Insane]]. According to Shaw's autobiography, \"Pretty Boy\" (1999), \"uncontrollable prisoners, were deliberately drugged up with the aim of turning them into permanent 'cabbages'\". At Broadmoor, Shaw underwent experimental [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in an attempt to control his temper. His doctor claimed that Shaw had at first come across as a large and intimidating yet soft-spoken gentleman, but when faced with treatment he didn't want, Shaw became \"the most powerful and dangerous man I have ever tried to treat\". The doctor reported the treatments as having been a complete failure, and only served to make Shaw even more aggressive and unpredictable. Shaw routinely stabbed [[police informant|police informers]] and even slashed the throat of a former best friend while incarcerated owing to his strong belief in a 'code of honour' amongst criminals which must not be broken. During his time in Broadmoor, Shaw again encountered [[Ronnie Kray]]. Shaw also spent time with such people as [[Ronnie Biggs]] and [[Charles Bronson (prisoner)|Charles Bronson]] at other prisons. By 1974, Shaw had already spent around 18 years in more than 22 different prisons. Shaw claims to have had ten fights in his twenties using the [[Pseudonym|alias]] \"Roy West\". However information on these has proven difficult to trace. His early boxing career was cut short when he was incarcerated.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was involved in the redevelopment?", "answer": {"text": "10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Broadmoor Hospital's redevelopment, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "Shaw, who claimed he \"simply hates [[the establishment|the system]]\", and that the \"system could never beat him\", was consistently moved onto different prisons and spent time at [[Broadmoor Hospital|Broadmoor Hospital for Criminally Insane]]. According to Shaw's autobiography, \"Pretty Boy\" (1999), \"uncontrollable prisoners, were deliberately drugged up with the aim of turning them into permanent 'cabbages'\". At Broadmoor, Shaw underwent experimental [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in an attempt to control his temper. His doctor claimed that Shaw had at first come across as a large and intimidating yet soft-spoken gentleman, but when faced with treatment he didn't want, Shaw became \"the most powerful and dangerous man I have ever tried to treat\". The doctor reported the treatments as having been a complete failure, and only served to make Shaw even more aggressive and unpredictable. Shaw routinely stabbed [[police informant|police informers]] and even slashed the throat of a former best friend while incarcerated owing to his strong belief in a 'code of honour' amongst criminals which must not be broken. During his time in Broadmoor, Shaw again encountered [[Ronnie Kray]]. Shaw also spent time with such people as [[Ronnie Biggs]] and [[Charles Bronson (prisoner)|Charles Bronson]] at other prisons. By 1974, Shaw had already spent around 18 years in more than 22 different prisons. Shaw claims to have had ten fights in his twenties using the [[Pseudonym|alias]] \"Roy West\". However information on these has proven difficult to trace. His early boxing career was cut short when he was incarcerated.", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens.", "In October 2003 psychiatrists noted there had been \"a continued improvement in his mental state\" and talked of plans for a move to more independent accommodation. In November 2003 his mental health social worker wrote to the Home Office stating that matters had settled down and there were no further concerns. It was thought that he \"did not present any major risks.\" In January 2004 social workers applied for the transfer of Bryan to \"low\u2013support accommodation\"; instead, Bryan was transferred to an open psychiatric ward at Newham General Hospital for his safety after allegations that he had indecently assaulted a 16-year-old girl close to the hostel. In February 2004 he walked out of the mental health unit in Newham, East London, and killed friend Brian Cherry. Police were called after neighbours heard screams, and weapons, including a hammer, were found strewn around the flat. When police caught up with him, he was cooking the dead man's brain in a frying pan. Bryan was remanded to Broadmoor Hospital after appearing in court over Mr Cherry's death. Two months later, while on remand in Broadmoor, Bryan killed his third victim, fellow patient Richard Loudwell, aged 60. He battered him on the head and tied a ligature around his neck. Mr Loudwell died in hospital later that day. Bryan said that if he had not been interrupted he would have eaten Loudwell's flesh. On 15 March 2005, Bryan pleaded guilty at the Old Bailey to two manslaughters on the grounds of diminished responsibility. Judge Giles Forrester said: \"You killed on these last two occasions because it gave you a thrill and a feeling of power when you ate flesh.\" Bryan, who suffers from paranoid schizophrenia and is a self-confessed cannibal, was committed to Broadmoor Hospital for treatment."], "answer": {"text": "A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD).", "answer_start": 648}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was involved in the redevelopment?", "answer": {"text": "10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many floors were the buildings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#6", "question": "Was there any controversy about this?", "rewrite": "Was there any controversy about the Paddock Centre at Broadmoor Hospital?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian, including the Grade 1 listed gatehouse, which has a clock tower. Following long-standing reports that the old buildings were unfit for purpose (for therapy or safety), planning permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment, involving a new unit comprising 10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234. Building company Kier reported in 2013 a sum of PS115m for the new unit of 162 beds, ready to accept patients by the start of 2017, and PS43m for a separate new medium secure unit for men nearby. [1][2][3][4][5]  A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD). This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public, and meeting some combination of criteria for personality disorders and/or high scores on the Hare Psychopathy Check list - Revised. The Paddock Centre was designed to eventually house 72 patients, but never opened more than four of its six 12-bedded wards. The Dept of Health and Ministry of Justice National Personality Disorder Strategy published in October 2011 concluded that the resources invested in the DSPD programme should instead be used in prison based treatment programmes and the DSPD service at Broadmoor was required to close by 31 March 2012. The patients were transferred either back to prison, on to medium secure units to continue treatment, on to the residual national DSPD service at the Peaks Unit in Rampton, or to elsewhere in Broadmoor in the Personality Disorder directorate.", "To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "True's murder trial at the Old Bailey began on 1 May 1922. Henry Curtis-Bennett for the defence argued that True was insane, and brought several witnesses to testify to True's erratic and morbid behaviour since childhood. Richard David Muir for the prosecution cited the M'Naghten Rules, arguing that if True knew what he was doing was wrong, he was criminally responsible. Justice Henry McCardie instructed the jury that to find True insane, they would have to agree that he had no knowledge of what he was doing when he struck his victim not just once, but four times. On 5 May 1922, the jury found True guilty of \"wilful murder\" and Justice McCardie sentenced him to death. The sentence was upheld on appeal. On 8 June 1922, True was reprieved by Home Secretary Edward Shortt, amidst political controversy, it being argued that True was being leniently treated on account of his influential family. Shortt defended his decision successfully in Parliament. The controversy was heightened due to the concurrent case of Henry Jacoby, an eighteen-year-old working-class pantry boy who had murdered 65-year-old Lady Alice White, and was hanged. True was confined to Broadmoor Hospital. During his incarceration, he worked actively in the hospital's drama activities, and employed murderer Reginald Owens as a flunky. True died there in January 1951. True's crime, incarceration, and relationship with fellow murderer Richard Arthur Prince in Broadmoor Hospital was the subject of a play, \"Lullabies of Broadmoor\", performed at the Finborough Theatre, close to the site of Olive Young's murder, in 2004. Dorothy Sayers references True in chapter 18 of her 1928 mystery novel \" The Unpleasantness at the Bellona Club\".", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens."], "answer": {"text": "This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public,", "answer_start": 818}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was involved in the redevelopment?", "answer": {"text": "10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many floors were the buildings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD).", "answer_start": 648, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#7", "question": "What did people say about the newfound category?", "rewrite": "What did people say about the category invented on behalf of the government?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of highest-grossing anime films The following are lists of highest-grossing anime films. It includes the all-time highest-grossing anime films, the highest-grossing anime films by year and the highest-grossing anime film franchises. This article only covers box office revenue, and does not include ancillary revenue from other sources such as home entertainment or merchandise sales. The following chart is a list of the top 50 highest-grossing anime films. More than ten of these films are also in the top 50 traditional animated films. 86.7% of the films in the top 30 were released after 2000. 2012 is the most represented year on the list, with six films. \"Pok\u00e9mon\" is the most represented animated film franchise, with twelve films on the list, while the \"Doraemon\", \"Detective Conan\", \"Dragon Ball\" and \"One Piece\" series feature prominently. Studio Ghibli is the most represented anime studio, with ten films on the list. The films on this chart have all had a theatrical run (including re-releases) since 1997, and films that have not played since then do not appear on the chart due to ticket-price inflation, population size and ticket purchasing trends not being considered. The list only includes box office revenue, and does not include ancillary revenue from other sources such as home entertainment or merchandise sales, where a number of anime films earn significantly more revenue. \" My Neighbour Totoro\" (1988), for example, grossed about from home video and licensed merchandise sales. Similarly, \"Castle in the Sky\" (1986) grossed a total of approximately in combined box office, home video and soundtrack sales, and \"Akira\" (1988) earned in home video sales. This is a list of highest-grossing anime films in Japan, Domestic gross figures. This is a list of highest-grossing anime films by year, since 1977.", "People Say (song) \"People Say\" is a hit single written by the Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich songwriting team and made popular by the American pop girl group The Dixie Cups. It was originally released in July 1964 on the Red Bird Records label. The song was arranged by Mike Stoller. \" Billboard\" named the song #53 on their list of 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time. Sung by Barbara Ann Hawkins, Rosa Lee Hawkins, and Joan Marie Johnson, it was the second hit collaboration between the Dixie Cups and the Barry-Greenwich team, with the first being their breakthrough hit \"Chapel of Love\". Produced by Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller, Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry, the single was a hit peaking at number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Chart. It also charted at number 7 on the R&B Singles Chart. In Canada, \"People Say\" reached number 7 on the \"RPM\" Chart. It was the second single taken from the Dixie Cups' debut studio album \"Chapel of Love\", issued on Red Bird Records in August 1964. The album peaked at number 112 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart.", "Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not is the debut studio album by English rock band Arctic Monkeys, released on 23 January 2006 by Domino Recording Company. The album surpassed Elastica's self-titled album to become the fastest selling debut album in British music history, shifting over 360,000 copies in its first week, and remains the fastest selling debut album by a band. It has since gone quintuple platinum in the UK. The album includes both tracks from the band's original EP, \"Five Minutes with Arctic Monkeys\", as well as their first two singles and UK number ones, \"I Bet You Look Good on the Dancefloor\" and \"When the Sun Goes Down\". It is often cited as one of the best rock albums of its decade. It received the 2006 Mercury Prize for Best Album, and was ranked number 371 on \"Rolling Stone\"s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In 2013 \"Rolling Stone\" ranked it the 30th greatest debut album of all time. In October 2013, music magazine \"NME\" also ranked the album at number 19 in their poll of the 500 greatest albums of all time. Musically, \"Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not \" features indie rock, garage rock revival, post-punk revival, and punk rock. The common thematic content of the album has led to it being considered by some a concept album concerning \"the lives of young Northern England clubbers\". All tracks record first-person narratives of observations made within this context. \"I Bet You Look Good on the Dancefloor\", \"Still Take You Home\", \"You Probably Couldn't See for the Lights but You Were Staring Straight at Me\" and \"Dancing Shoes\" all examine human behaviour in nightclubs.", "\"Godzilla\" (1998) generated more than in North American merchandise sales. In Japan, \"Godzilla\" merchandise sold () in 2005, () in 2016 and () in 2017. Combined, \"Godzilla\" generated more than in merchandise sales as of 2017. (*) In 1996 Godzilla received an award for Lifetime Achievement at the MTV Movie Awards. Creator and producer Sh\u014dgo Tomiyama accepted on his behalf via satellite and was joined by \"Godzilla\" himself. \"-zilla\" is a well-known slang suffix, used to imply some form of excess to a person, object or theme; some examples being the reality show \"Bridezillas\" and the Netscape-derived web browser Mozilla Firefox. \" -Zilla\" is rumored to mean \"reptilian\" as shown in the kaiju name, \"Zilla\". It has no word before its meaning, therefore it is not purely a suffix.", "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian, including the Grade 1 listed gatehouse, which has a clock tower. Following long-standing reports that the old buildings were unfit for purpose (for therapy or safety), planning permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment, involving a new unit comprising 10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234. Building company Kier reported in 2013 a sum of PS115m for the new unit of 162 beds, ready to accept patients by the start of 2017, and PS43m for a separate new medium secure unit for men nearby. [1][2][3][4][5]  A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD). This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public, and meeting some combination of criteria for personality disorders and/or high scores on the Hare Psychopathy Check list - Revised. The Paddock Centre was designed to eventually house 72 patients, but never opened more than four of its six 12-bedded wards. The Dept of Health and Ministry of Justice National Personality Disorder Strategy published in October 2011 concluded that the resources invested in the DSPD programme should instead be used in prison based treatment programmes and the DSPD service at Broadmoor was required to close by 31 March 2012. The patients were transferred either back to prison, on to medium secure units to continue treatment, on to the residual national DSPD service at the Peaks Unit in Rampton, or to elsewhere in Broadmoor in the Personality Disorder directorate."], "answer": {"text": "The Paddock Centre was designed to eventually house 72 patients, but never opened more than four of its six 12-bedded wards.", "answer_start": 1126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was involved in the redevelopment?", "answer": {"text": "10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many floors were the buildings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD).", "answer_start": 648, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any controversy about this?", "answer": {"text": "This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public,", "answer_start": 818, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#8", "question": "Why did they only house so little when the capacity was much more?", "rewrite": "Why did the Paddock Centre only house so little when the capacity was much more?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["David Paddock David Fleming Paddock (June 9, 1892 \u2013 May 23, 1962) was a college football player. David Paddock was born on June 9, 1892 in Selma, Alabama to Smith Aaron Paddock and Jennie Fleming Cain. He grew up in Brooklyn, New York. Paddock attended the Peddie Institute of New Jersey. He was a prominent quarterback for the Georgia Bulldogs of the University of Georgia from 1912 to 1915, earning All-Southern honors in 1913, 1914, and 1915. Paddock is the only player in school history to have a petition circulated by the student body requesting that he play for the Bulldogs. He made an all-time Georgia Bulldogs football team picked in 1935. Paddock went unnoticed his freshman year at halfback, until he was moved to the quarterback position in the game with Georgia Tech and led the Bulldogs to a 20 to 0 victory. Paddock was captain of the 1914 team, described as \"the star offensive man of the team.\" He earned All-American honors in 1914. Paddock was the school's second ever All-American after Bob McWhorter. Parke H. Davis in selecting Paddock All-American wrote, \"Thus the greatest quarterback the south has known in years has figured little in the public prints of the north, yet here is a man who has played quarterback as steadily as Logan, as brilliantly as Barrett, and who has excelled each by combining the talents of both. This man is Paddock, of Georgia, to whom is given the position as quarterback upon this mythical all-American team.\" Supposedly he spent one year at Cornell University, but was overlooked for its football team.", "Richard B. Paddock Richard Bolles Paddock (1859\u20131901) was a United States Army officer, close friend and brother-in-law to John J. Pershing, and one of the few American officers who died while on duty in China during the Boxer Rebellion. Paddock served in the American Southwest during the Apache Wars, as well as the Pine Ridge Campaign (1890\u201391), the Battle of San Juan Hill (1898) in Cuba during the Spanish\u2013American War, and finally the China Relief Expedition (1900\u201301). Paddock served as a lieutenant and captain in the 13th Infantry Regiment, the 4th Cavalry Regiment, and the 6th Cavalry Regiment. Richard Paddock was born in Princeton, Illinois December 2, 1859, to Margaret Paddock and Stephen G. Paddock, Jr. (S.G. Paddock), longtime Bureau County Clerk. After graduating from Princeton High School in 1876, Richard Paddock briefly studied law with his uncle George Laban Paddock in Chicago, before returning to Princeton to work with his father in the county clerk's office. In September 1879, Richard Paddock's brother, Lt. James V.S. Paddock, 5th Regiment U.S. Cavalry, was severely wounded by Utes at the Battle of Milk Creek in Colorado during the White River War. After hearing of his brother's injuries, Richard went to be with him in Nebraska while he recovered. Inspired by his brother's exploits, Richard soon began efforts to receive a commission in the Army. In March 1880, Paddock unsuccessfully requested President Hayes appoint him an officer in the Army. Undeterred, Paddock was accompanied by Senator John A. Logan in a visit to Secretary of War Robert Todd Lincoln to discuss his wishes to serve as an officer.", "Told the only option to become an officer was to first enlist, Paddock continued his efforts to enter as an officer. Through the work of retired Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Henderson, Paddock's congressman from Illinois, he was finally offered the opportunity to sit for examination for a commission in the Army. In September 1883, Paddock passed the examination at Fort Monroe, Virginia and was appointed 2nd Lieutenant, 13th Infantry Regiment. In November 1883, Paddock arrived at his first post, Fort Cummings in present-day New Mexico. In June 1884, his unit was transferred to Fort Bayard, New Mexico. Paddock received a much sought-after transfer to the 6th Cavalry in February 1885 and was soon moved to Fort Stanton, New Mexico. During this time, Paddock served on Courts Martial and also escorted two squads of Mescalero Apache U.S. Scouts from near Fort Stanton through the San Andreas Mountains to an 8th Cavalry camp near Grafton, New Mexico, traversing the desolate area now home to the White Sands Missile Range. In September 1885, Lt. Paddock earned a spot at the prestigious Cavalry and Infantry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, later renamed the Army Command and General Staff College. For almost two years, Paddock studied subjects such as trigonometry, surveying, military law and topography. Back at Fort Stanton in 1887, Paddock met Lt. John J. Pershing, a recent West Point graduate. Paddock, Pershing, and another young lieutenant, Julius Penn, became close friends and lived an idyllic frontier lifestyle of hunting, carousing and visits to Mexican dances, earning the trio the nickname \"The Three Green P's.\" Paddock met Pershing's sister Grace while she was visiting Fort Stanton. They were married while Paddock was on leave in Chicago June 5, 1890.", "Charley Paddock Charles William Paddock (August 11, 1900 \u2013 July 21, 1943) was an American athlete and two time Olympic champion. Paddock was born in Gainesville, Texas to Charles H. and Lulu (Robinson) Paddock. His family moved to Pasadena, California when he was a child. After serving in World War I as a lieutenant of field artillery in the U.S. Marines, Paddock studied at the University of Southern California. There he became a member of the track and field team, and excelled in the sprint events. He won the 100 and 200 m in the first major sporting event after the war, the 1919 Inter-Allied Games, in which soldiers of the Allied nations competed against each other. Paddock was the first person named \"The fastest man alive\". In 1920, Paddock represented his country at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. In Belgium, he had his greatest successes, winning the 100 m final, while placing second in the 200 m event. With the American 4 \u00d7 100 m relay team, Paddock won a third Olympic medal. Paddock became famous for his unusual finishing style, leaping towards the finish line at the end of the race. The next year, he ran the 110 yd, which is slightly more than 100 m, in 10.2 seconds. It wasn't until 1956 that the world record for the 100 m became lower than Paddock's time. Paddock broke or equaled several other world records over Imperial distances. At the 1924 Olympics, Paddock again qualified for both the 100 and 200 m finals, but he was less successful than four years earlier; he finished 5th in the 100 m and won another silver medal in the 200 m. Paddock was not a part of the relay team. In \"Chariots of Fire\", the 1981 Oscar-winning film about those races, Paddock was portrayed by Dennis Christopher.", "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian, including the Grade 1 listed gatehouse, which has a clock tower. Following long-standing reports that the old buildings were unfit for purpose (for therapy or safety), planning permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment, involving a new unit comprising 10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234. Building company Kier reported in 2013 a sum of PS115m for the new unit of 162 beds, ready to accept patients by the start of 2017, and PS43m for a separate new medium secure unit for men nearby. [1][2][3][4][5]  A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD). This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public, and meeting some combination of criteria for personality disorders and/or high scores on the Hare Psychopathy Check list - Revised. The Paddock Centre was designed to eventually house 72 patients, but never opened more than four of its six 12-bedded wards. The Dept of Health and Ministry of Justice National Personality Disorder Strategy published in October 2011 concluded that the resources invested in the DSPD programme should instead be used in prison based treatment programmes and the DSPD service at Broadmoor was required to close by 31 March 2012. The patients were transferred either back to prison, on to medium secure units to continue treatment, on to the residual national DSPD service at the Peaks Unit in Rampton, or to elsewhere in Broadmoor in the Personality Disorder directorate."], "answer": {"text": "concluded that the resources invested in the DSPD programme should instead be used in prison based treatment programmes and the DSPD service at Broadmoor was required to close by", "answer_start": 1359}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was involved in the redevelopment?", "answer": {"text": "10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many floors were the buildings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD).", "answer_start": 648, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any controversy about this?", "answer": {"text": "This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public,", "answer_start": 818, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people say about the newfound category?", "answer": {"text": "The Paddock Centre was designed to eventually house 72 patients, but never opened more than four of its six 12-bedded wards.", "answer_start": 1126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a8b578385f4143f78f7f2729ffdc44ab_1_q#9", "question": "What other wings were in the buildings?", "rewrite": "Besides the Paddock Centre, what other wings were in Broadmoor Hospital?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shaw, who claimed he \"simply hates [[the establishment|the system]]\", and that the \"system could never beat him\", was consistently moved onto different prisons and spent time at [[Broadmoor Hospital|Broadmoor Hospital for Criminally Insane]]. According to Shaw's autobiography, \"Pretty Boy\" (1999), \"uncontrollable prisoners, were deliberately drugged up with the aim of turning them into permanent 'cabbages'\". At Broadmoor, Shaw underwent experimental [[electroconvulsive therapy]] in an attempt to control his temper. His doctor claimed that Shaw had at first come across as a large and intimidating yet soft-spoken gentleman, but when faced with treatment he didn't want, Shaw became \"the most powerful and dangerous man I have ever tried to treat\". The doctor reported the treatments as having been a complete failure, and only served to make Shaw even more aggressive and unpredictable. Shaw routinely stabbed [[police informant|police informers]] and even slashed the throat of a former best friend while incarcerated owing to his strong belief in a 'code of honour' amongst criminals which must not be broken. During his time in Broadmoor, Shaw again encountered [[Ronnie Kray]]. Shaw also spent time with such people as [[Ronnie Biggs]] and [[Charles Bronson (prisoner)|Charles Bronson]] at other prisons. By 1974, Shaw had already spent around 18 years in more than 22 different prisons. Shaw claims to have had ten fights in his twenties using the [[Pseudonym|alias]] \"Roy West\". However information on these has proven difficult to trace. His early boxing career was cut short when he was incarcerated.", "It Strikes Again\" showing some of the most popular fix-its, recreating them with the same people, and making new dreams come true. Savile is estimated to have raised \u00a340 million for charity. One cause for which he raised money was Stoke Mandeville Hospital, where he volunteered for many years as a porter. He raised money for the Spinal Unit, NSIC (National Spinal Injuries Centre), and St Francis Ward \u2013 a ward for children and teens with spinal cord injuries. Savile also volunteered at Leeds General Infirmary and Broadmoor Hospital. In August 1988, he was appointed by junior health minister Edwina Currie chair of an interim task force overseeing the management of Broadmoor Hospital, after its board members had been suspended. Savile had his own room at both Stoke Mandeville and Broadmoor. In 1989, Savile started legal proceedings against News Group Newspapers after the \"News of the World\" published an article, in January 1988, suggesting he had been in a position to secure the release of patients from Broadmoor who were considered \"dangerous\". Savile won on 11 July 1989; News Group paid his legal costs, and he received an apology from editors Kelvin MacKenzie and Patsy Chapman. In 2012, it was reported that Savile had sexually abused vulnerable patients at the hospitals. From 1974 to 1988, Savile was the honorary president of Phab (Physically Handicapped in the Able Bodied community). He sponsored medical students performing undergraduate research in the Leeds University Research Enterprise scholarship scheme, donating more than \u00a360,000 every year. In 2010, the scheme was given a commitment of \u00a3500,000 over the following five years. Following Savile's death in October 2011, it was confirmed that a bequest had been made to allow continued support for the programme.", "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian, including the Grade 1 listed gatehouse, which has a clock tower. Following long-standing reports that the old buildings were unfit for purpose (for therapy or safety), planning permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment, involving a new unit comprising 10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234. Building company Kier reported in 2013 a sum of PS115m for the new unit of 162 beds, ready to accept patients by the start of 2017, and PS43m for a separate new medium secure unit for men nearby. [1][2][3][4][5]  A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD). This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public, and meeting some combination of criteria for personality disorders and/or high scores on the Hare Psychopathy Check list - Revised. The Paddock Centre was designed to eventually house 72 patients, but never opened more than four of its six 12-bedded wards. The Dept of Health and Ministry of Justice National Personality Disorder Strategy published in October 2011 concluded that the resources invested in the DSPD programme should instead be used in prison based treatment programmes and the DSPD service at Broadmoor was required to close by 31 March 2012. The patients were transferred either back to prison, on to medium secure units to continue treatment, on to the residual national DSPD service at the Peaks Unit in Rampton, or to elsewhere in Broadmoor in the Personality Disorder directorate.", "To the surprise and disbelief of many he found, like the Ellises before, that bedlam diminished, behaviour became less defensive and cooperation improved dramatically, and many recovered or much improved. This event added to his other pioneering work such as developing proper diets and conditions for his patients and battles to set up regular training lecture specialising in mental health, for doctor training, all led to him receiving worldwide recognition. Broadmoor high secure hospital: In order to end the isolation suffered by the high secure services from the rest of the NHS, the Health Act 1999 was passed, allowing NHS Trusts to provide for these. After a three-month consultation in the early part of the following year it was agreed that the high secure services based at Broadmoor Hospital and those provided by the Ealing, Hammersmith and Fulham Mental Health NHS Trust should be combined into one organisation. This created the West London Mental Health NHS Trust, which took over governance in 2001; the Trust then changed its name to West London NHS Trust on 25 September 2018. It won a contract for community services in Ealing for 10 years from May 2019 leading a partnership with Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust and Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In November 2004 a new directorate, the Woman's Secure Services was created. This was to separate the medium secure women's facilities from Broadmoor Hospital and relocate them on the Ealing site. In 2014 the trust restructured so that it now delivers services from two clinical service units - High secure and forensic services, and local and specialist services. It has eight service lines - high secure services at Broadmoor Hospital, the West London Forensic Service, integrated care services (community health services), liaison and long-term conditions (integrated mental health services), access and urgent mental health care, primary and planned mental health care, cognitive impairment and dementia, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and developmental services.", "Broadmoor Sirens The Broadmoor Sirens are a series of thirteen warning sirens based in towns and villages surrounding Broadmoor Hospital in Crowthorne, Berkshire, England. They were first installed in 1952 and are based on air raid sirens with the intention of warning residents living near the high-security psychiatric hospital of an escaped patient. The Broadmoor Sirens were installed in 1952 in response to a patient escaping from Broadmoor and murdering a child in Farley Hill, Berkshire before being recaptured. They are similar to air-raid sirens but employ shutters to produce an alternating \"high - low\" warning tone. More sirens were added in the 1960s after discussions in the House of Commons raised the issue that the sirens' radius was insufficient for nearby towns such as Camberley and Wokingham. The thirteen sirens, labelled A\u2013M to distinguish each unit, were created with the intention of warning residents in surrounding towns and villages to remain in their homes and keep their children supervised following the escape of a Broadmoor patient. The sirens are activated as a test at 10am every Monday to ensure they are working. The sirens are susceptible to electrical interference. In 2014, the Bracknell siren was activated accidentally during an electrical storm. The thirteen satellite sirens are due to be decommissioned during 2018, with one siren remaining in the hospital grounds. The last time the Broadmoor Sirens were activated because of an escape was in 1991, although they were activated in 1993 because of an attack at the hospital. In 2014, there were plans to remove seven of the thirteen sirens. This was because Broadmoor had added a second security fence around the hospital and intended to upgrade the remainder of the sirens so they had a radius to improve on the two-mile radius of the 1952 sirens. Local residents objected to this on safety grounds due to there being sixteen primary schools within the radius of the sirens."], "answer": {"text": "The Paddock now, in 2013, provides general admission wards and high dependency wards for both the mental illness and personality disorder", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about the structure of Broadmoor Hospital?", "answer": {"text": "Much of Broadmoor's architecture is still Victorian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Victorian in what way?", "answer": {"text": "has a clock tower.", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the most important aspect of this article?", "answer": {"text": "permission was granted in 2012 for a PS242 million redevelopment,", "answer_start": 230, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was involved in the redevelopment?", "answer": {"text": "10 wards to adjoin the existing 6 wards of the modern Paddock Unit, resulting in total bed numbers of 234.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many floors were the buildings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "A new unit called the Paddock Centre already opened on 12 December 2005 to contain and treat patients classed as having a 'dangerous severe personality disorder' (DSPD).", "answer_start": 648, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any controversy about this?", "answer": {"text": "This was a new and much debated category invented on behalf of the UK government, based on an individual being considered a 'Grave and Immediate Danger' to the general public,", "answer_start": 818, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did people say about the newfound category?", "answer": {"text": "The Paddock Centre was designed to eventually house 72 patients, but never opened more than four of its six 12-bedded wards.", "answer_start": 1126, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they only house so little when the capacity was much more?", "answer": {"text": "concluded that the resources invested in the DSPD programme should instead be used in prison based treatment programmes and the DSPD service at Broadmoor was required to close by", "answer_start": 1359, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "rewrite": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meanwhile, in May 1994, Warner Bros. optioned Dodd Darin's book, \"Dream Lovers\" (). James Toback and Lorenzo Carcaterra were hired to rewrite Attanasio's \"The Bobby Darin Story\", which they retitled \"Dreamer\" in an attempt to incorporate the information present in Dodd Darin's \"Dream Lovers\". Toback's script heavily focused on Darin's childhood rheumatic fever and lifelong struggle with heart disease. It also followed the previous Attanasio and Schrader scripts. Carcaterra's detailed research included Darin's music records, home videos, early television clips, authorized and unauthorized biographies, newspaper articles and magazine interviews. \"I decided to meet with a lot of real-life people associated with Bobby Darin until [Levinson] said it was taking the focus off of Bobby,\" Carcaterra explained. As a result, some of the writer's favorite scenes, including a Las Vegas confrontation with Elvis Presley, were omitted from his third and final draft, which came in at a lengthy 164 pages. Beginning in 1994, Kevin Spacey first offered his services to portray Bobby Darin, but the filmmakers believed the actor was too old. Around then, Spacey coincidentally performed the cover version of Darin's \"That Old Black Magic\" for the soundtrack of \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\". The actor explained that after 1994, \"at least three times a year, my manager would call over to Warner Bros. and say, 'Hey, what's happening with that Bobby Darin movie? You guys ever going to make it?' \"", "Bobby Darin (album) Bobby Darin is the debut album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1958. It includes Darin's U.S. No. 1 hit \"Splish Splash\". Music critic Andrew Hamilton wrote in his Allmusic review on the 1994 CD reissue \"Somebody tried to remake Darin into a young Dean Martin and failed. Only the most ardent Bobby Darin fans should consider purchasing this CD.\"", "Aces Back to Back (album) Aces Back to Back is a compact disc featuring a compilation of songs by Bobby Darin plus a DVD containing archival video of Darin. The set was compiled and released in 2004 by Hyena Records in an agreement with the Bobby Darin estate 31 years after Darin's death. According to producer Joel Dorn, \"The title says it all. It\u2019s aces back to back , all left hooks and no filler.\u201d The first seven of the selections were recorded live during \"Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company\", a 1972 television show, and \"The Bobby Darin Show\" in 1973. Two songs, \"If I Were a Carpenter\" and \"Simple Song of Freedom\", were from an unreleased live recording in 1969. Two songs were culled from Darin's Big Sur sessions. Rounding out the compilation are Darin's \"milk recordings,\" a collection of songs featured on a radio show sponsored by the American Dairy Association in the 1960s. <br>", "Jimmy Scalia Jimmy Scalia (born 1960) is a record producer, the official archivist for the singer Bobby Darin's estate, a disc jockey, writer, and documentarian of American popular and rock music. He currently serves as an adviser and consultant to Darin's former manager Stephen Blauner and \"The Bobby Darin Estate\", as well as to Joel Dorn, Buddy Greco and publicist Harriet Wasser. He was the archivist for Kevin Spacey's film, \"Beyond the Sea\", and provided major footage for the film. Scalia was the writer, producer, and disc jockey for the syndicated 30-show radio series entitled \"The Magic of Bobby Darin\". He also served as a consultant for two previous Darin albums, \"Swinging the Standards\" and \"The Best of Bobby Darin\". He has produced a new Darin DVD titled \"Seeing Is Believing\". He was also consultant and adviser for A&E's Biography portrait of Darin, and on David Evanier's biography of Darin, \"Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin\". He also recently guested on WNET's documentary on Darin, \"Mack Is Back\" and on the BBC Radio 2 special on Darin. Scalia has written extensively for the publication In-Tune International, including articles in 2002 on \"Darin in Digital\", \"Keely Smith: Better Than Ever\", and on \"Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer: The Dynamic Duo\". He has also been an adviser to Jack Behrens for his book, \"\" and contributed to Images of America \"The Copacabana\" by Kristin Baggelaar. Scalia is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Society of Singers.", "Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\"."], "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#1", "question": "When did his name change to Bobby Darin?", "rewrite": "When did Walden Robert Cassotto change his name to Bobby Darin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Woody Harris Woody Harris (November 1, 1911 \u2013 February 19, 1985) was an American songwriter of the 1950s and 1960s. He is perhaps best known for songs written for and with Bobby Darin. On \"Queen of the Hop\", Darin used the name \"Walden Tweed\". Darin's real name was Walden Robert Cassotto. He also wrote songs for Elvis Presley, Della Reese and other popular singers. In addition to his collaboration with Darin, he also collaborated with Eddie V. Deane, Jack Reardon, and others. Harris composed songs in the rock and roll, rockabilly, and blues genres. Harris was born November 1, 1911 in New York City. He died February 19, 1985 in Hallandale, Florida. Below is a partial list of songs written by Harris:", "Beyond the Sea (2004 film) Beyond the Sea is a 2004 American biographical musical drama film based on the life of singer-actor Bobby Darin. Starring in the lead role and using his own singing voice for the musical numbers, Kevin Spacey co-wrote, directed, and co-produced the film, which takes its title from Darin's song of the same name. \"Beyond the Sea\" depicts Darin's rise to success in both the music and film industry during the 1950s and 1960s as well as his marriage to Sandra Dee, portrayed by Kate Bosworth. As early as 1986, Barry Levinson intended to direct a film based on the life of Darin, and he began pre-production on the project in early 1997. When he eventually vacated the director's position, Spacey, along with Darin's son Dodd, acquired the film rights. Filming for \"Beyond the Sea\" took place from November 2003 to January 2004. It was released in December 2004 to mixed reviews from critics and bombed at the box office. Dodd Darin, Sandra Dee and former Darin manager Steve Blauner responded with enthusiastic feedback to Spacey's work on the film. Despite a number of negative reviews, some critics praised Spacey's performance, largely because of his decision to use his own singing voice. He received a Golden Globe nomination. Rather than providing a straightforward biography, the film weaves fantasy sequences with scenes containing somewhat fictionalized accounts of events in Darin's life, and throughout it, the adult singer interacts with his younger self. It chronicles his determination to rise from his working-class roots as Walden Robert Cassotto, a frail boy from The Bronx boy plagued by multiple bouts of rheumatic fever, becomes a singer more famous than Frank Sinatra.", "Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\".", "Although the dramatic opening of the film, in which Brubaker impersonates an inmate in order to see the system literally \"from inside\" before taking up the warden's post, was a fabrication, much of the movie's drama was taken directly from the book. The fabricated prisoner-impersonation device may have been inspired by Thomas Mott Osborne, a former warden at Sing Sing, who had had himself committed to Auburn Penitentiary in 1913 under an assumed name. In 1968, the popular singer Bobby Darin wrote and recorded \"Long Line Rider\", a song which described the incident, on his album \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\". Some of its lyrics were: \"There's a farm in Arkansas, got some secrets in its floor, in decay, in decay. You can tell where they're at, nothing grows, the ground is flat, where they lay, where they lay. \" It also includes the line \" This kind of thing can't happen here, especially not in election year. \" Darin was due to perform the song on \"The Jackie Gleason Show\", but when they ordered him to cut that particular line, rather than censor himself, he walked off the set. \"Prisons, mental hospitals, and other institutions are a thermometer that measures the sickness of the larger society. The treatment society affords its outcasts reveals the way in which its members view one another\u2014and themselves. \"\u2014From the Preface of his book: \"Accomplices to the Crime\", 1969, Grove Press, Inc., New York.", "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City, Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother. Darin's birth mother, Vanina Juliette \"Nina\" Cassotto (born November 30, 1917), became pregnant with him in the summer of 1935 when she was 17. Presumably because of the scandalous nature of out-of-wedlock pregnancies in that era, Nina and her mother hatched a plan to pass her baby off as Nina's younger brother. Years later, when Nina finally told Darin the truth about his upbringing, she refused to reveal the identity of his biological father, and kept the secret to her death in 1983. Darin's maternal grandfather, Saverio Antonio \"Big Sam Curly\" Cassotto (born January 26, 1882), was of Italian descent and a would-be mobster who died in prison from pneumonia a year before Darin's birth. His maternal grandmother, Vivian Fern Walden (also born in 1882), who called herself Polly, was of English ancestry and a vaudeville singer. From his birth, Darin always believed Nina to be his older sister and Polly his mother. But in 1968, when he was 32, Nina told Darin the truth, reportedly devastating him. By the time he was a teenager, Darin could play several instruments, including piano, drums, and guitar. He later added harmonica and xylophone. Darin moved to the Bronx early in his life (with a rented summer home in Staten Island) and graduated from the prestigious Bronx High School of Science. In later years he attributed his arrogance to his experiences there, where he was surrounded by brighter students who teased him. He then enrolled at Hunter College and soon gravitated to the drama department. After only two semesters, he dropped out to pursue an acting career."], "answer": {"text": "Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother.", "answer_start": 78}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#2", "question": "Who was his father?", "rewrite": "Who was Bobby Darin's father?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meanwhile, in May 1994, Warner Bros. optioned Dodd Darin's book, \"Dream Lovers\" (). James Toback and Lorenzo Carcaterra were hired to rewrite Attanasio's \"The Bobby Darin Story\", which they retitled \"Dreamer\" in an attempt to incorporate the information present in Dodd Darin's \"Dream Lovers\". Toback's script heavily focused on Darin's childhood rheumatic fever and lifelong struggle with heart disease. It also followed the previous Attanasio and Schrader scripts. Carcaterra's detailed research included Darin's music records, home videos, early television clips, authorized and unauthorized biographies, newspaper articles and magazine interviews. \"I decided to meet with a lot of real-life people associated with Bobby Darin until [Levinson] said it was taking the focus off of Bobby,\" Carcaterra explained. As a result, some of the writer's favorite scenes, including a Las Vegas confrontation with Elvis Presley, were omitted from his third and final draft, which came in at a lengthy 164 pages. Beginning in 1994, Kevin Spacey first offered his services to portray Bobby Darin, but the filmmakers believed the actor was too old. Around then, Spacey coincidentally performed the cover version of Darin's \"That Old Black Magic\" for the soundtrack of \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\". The actor explained that after 1994, \"at least three times a year, my manager would call over to Warner Bros. and say, 'Hey, what's happening with that Bobby Darin movie? You guys ever going to make it?' \"", "Aces Back to Back (album) Aces Back to Back is a compact disc featuring a compilation of songs by Bobby Darin plus a DVD containing archival video of Darin. The set was compiled and released in 2004 by Hyena Records in an agreement with the Bobby Darin estate 31 years after Darin's death. According to producer Joel Dorn, \"The title says it all. It\u2019s aces back to back , all left hooks and no filler.\u201d The first seven of the selections were recorded live during \"Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company\", a 1972 television show, and \"The Bobby Darin Show\" in 1973. Two songs, \"If I Were a Carpenter\" and \"Simple Song of Freedom\", were from an unreleased live recording in 1969. Two songs were culled from Darin's Big Sur sessions. Rounding out the compilation are Darin's \"milk recordings,\" a collection of songs featured on a radio show sponsored by the American Dairy Association in the 1960s. <br>", "Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\".", "Jimmy Scalia Jimmy Scalia (born 1960) is a record producer, the official archivist for the singer Bobby Darin's estate, a disc jockey, writer, and documentarian of American popular and rock music. He currently serves as an adviser and consultant to Darin's former manager Stephen Blauner and \"The Bobby Darin Estate\", as well as to Joel Dorn, Buddy Greco and publicist Harriet Wasser. He was the archivist for Kevin Spacey's film, \"Beyond the Sea\", and provided major footage for the film. Scalia was the writer, producer, and disc jockey for the syndicated 30-show radio series entitled \"The Magic of Bobby Darin\". He also served as a consultant for two previous Darin albums, \"Swinging the Standards\" and \"The Best of Bobby Darin\". He has produced a new Darin DVD titled \"Seeing Is Believing\". He was also consultant and adviser for A&E's Biography portrait of Darin, and on David Evanier's biography of Darin, \"Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin\". He also recently guested on WNET's documentary on Darin, \"Mack Is Back\" and on the BBC Radio 2 special on Darin. Scalia has written extensively for the publication In-Tune International, including articles in 2002 on \"Darin in Digital\", \"Keely Smith: Better Than Ever\", and on \"Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer: The Dynamic Duo\". He has also been an adviser to Jack Behrens for his book, \"\" and contributed to Images of America \"The Copacabana\" by Kristin Baggelaar. Scalia is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Society of Singers.", "Bobby Darin (album) Bobby Darin is the debut album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1958. It includes Darin's U.S. No. 1 hit \"Splish Splash\". Music critic Andrew Hamilton wrote in his Allmusic review on the 1994 CD reissue \"Somebody tried to remake Darin into a young Dean Martin and failed. Only the most ardent Bobby Darin fans should consider purchasing this CD.\""], "answer": {"text": "she refused to reveal the identity of his biological father, and kept the secret to her death in 1983.", "answer_start": 551}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his name change to Bobby Darin?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother.", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#3", "question": "What was his childhood like?", "rewrite": "What was Bobby Darin's childhood like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\".", "Aces Back to Back (album) Aces Back to Back is a compact disc featuring a compilation of songs by Bobby Darin plus a DVD containing archival video of Darin. The set was compiled and released in 2004 by Hyena Records in an agreement with the Bobby Darin estate 31 years after Darin's death. According to producer Joel Dorn, \"The title says it all. It\u2019s aces back to back , all left hooks and no filler.\u201d The first seven of the selections were recorded live during \"Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company\", a 1972 television show, and \"The Bobby Darin Show\" in 1973. Two songs, \"If I Were a Carpenter\" and \"Simple Song of Freedom\", were from an unreleased live recording in 1969. Two songs were culled from Darin's Big Sur sessions. Rounding out the compilation are Darin's \"milk recordings,\" a collection of songs featured on a radio show sponsored by the American Dairy Association in the 1960s. <br>", "Meanwhile, in May 1994, Warner Bros. optioned Dodd Darin's book, \"Dream Lovers\" (). James Toback and Lorenzo Carcaterra were hired to rewrite Attanasio's \"The Bobby Darin Story\", which they retitled \"Dreamer\" in an attempt to incorporate the information present in Dodd Darin's \"Dream Lovers\". Toback's script heavily focused on Darin's childhood rheumatic fever and lifelong struggle with heart disease. It also followed the previous Attanasio and Schrader scripts. Carcaterra's detailed research included Darin's music records, home videos, early television clips, authorized and unauthorized biographies, newspaper articles and magazine interviews. \"I decided to meet with a lot of real-life people associated with Bobby Darin until [Levinson] said it was taking the focus off of Bobby,\" Carcaterra explained. As a result, some of the writer's favorite scenes, including a Las Vegas confrontation with Elvis Presley, were omitted from his third and final draft, which came in at a lengthy 164 pages. Beginning in 1994, Kevin Spacey first offered his services to portray Bobby Darin, but the filmmakers believed the actor was too old. Around then, Spacey coincidentally performed the cover version of Darin's \"That Old Black Magic\" for the soundtrack of \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\". The actor explained that after 1994, \"at least three times a year, my manager would call over to Warner Bros. and say, 'Hey, what's happening with that Bobby Darin movie? You guys ever going to make it?' \"", "Bobby Darin (album) Bobby Darin is the debut album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1958. It includes Darin's U.S. No. 1 hit \"Splish Splash\". Music critic Andrew Hamilton wrote in his Allmusic review on the 1994 CD reissue \"Somebody tried to remake Darin into a young Dean Martin and failed. Only the most ardent Bobby Darin fans should consider purchasing this CD.\"", "Jimmy Scalia Jimmy Scalia (born 1960) is a record producer, the official archivist for the singer Bobby Darin's estate, a disc jockey, writer, and documentarian of American popular and rock music. He currently serves as an adviser and consultant to Darin's former manager Stephen Blauner and \"The Bobby Darin Estate\", as well as to Joel Dorn, Buddy Greco and publicist Harriet Wasser. He was the archivist for Kevin Spacey's film, \"Beyond the Sea\", and provided major footage for the film. Scalia was the writer, producer, and disc jockey for the syndicated 30-show radio series entitled \"The Magic of Bobby Darin\". He also served as a consultant for two previous Darin albums, \"Swinging the Standards\" and \"The Best of Bobby Darin\". He has produced a new Darin DVD titled \"Seeing Is Believing\". He was also consultant and adviser for A&E's Biography portrait of Darin, and on David Evanier's biography of Darin, \"Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin\". He also recently guested on WNET's documentary on Darin, \"Mack Is Back\" and on the BBC Radio 2 special on Darin. Scalia has written extensively for the publication In-Tune International, including articles in 2002 on \"Darin in Digital\", \"Keely Smith: Better Than Ever\", and on \"Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer: The Dynamic Duo\". He has also been an adviser to Jack Behrens for his book, \"\" and contributed to Images of America \"The Copacabana\" by Kristin Baggelaar. Scalia is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Society of Singers."], "answer": {"text": "By the time he was a teenager, Darin could play several instruments, including piano, drums, and guitar. He later added harmonica and xylophone.", "answer_start": 1172}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his name change to Bobby Darin?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother.", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father?", "answer": {"text": "she refused to reveal the identity of his biological father, and kept the secret to her death in 1983.", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#4", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Bobby Darin go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meanwhile, in May 1994, Warner Bros. optioned Dodd Darin's book, \"Dream Lovers\" (). James Toback and Lorenzo Carcaterra were hired to rewrite Attanasio's \"The Bobby Darin Story\", which they retitled \"Dreamer\" in an attempt to incorporate the information present in Dodd Darin's \"Dream Lovers\". Toback's script heavily focused on Darin's childhood rheumatic fever and lifelong struggle with heart disease. It also followed the previous Attanasio and Schrader scripts. Carcaterra's detailed research included Darin's music records, home videos, early television clips, authorized and unauthorized biographies, newspaper articles and magazine interviews. \"I decided to meet with a lot of real-life people associated with Bobby Darin until [Levinson] said it was taking the focus off of Bobby,\" Carcaterra explained. As a result, some of the writer's favorite scenes, including a Las Vegas confrontation with Elvis Presley, were omitted from his third and final draft, which came in at a lengthy 164 pages. Beginning in 1994, Kevin Spacey first offered his services to portray Bobby Darin, but the filmmakers believed the actor was too old. Around then, Spacey coincidentally performed the cover version of Darin's \"That Old Black Magic\" for the soundtrack of \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\". The actor explained that after 1994, \"at least three times a year, my manager would call over to Warner Bros. and say, 'Hey, what's happening with that Bobby Darin movie? You guys ever going to make it?' \"", "Bobby Darin (album) Bobby Darin is the debut album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1958. It includes Darin's U.S. No. 1 hit \"Splish Splash\". Music critic Andrew Hamilton wrote in his Allmusic review on the 1994 CD reissue \"Somebody tried to remake Darin into a young Dean Martin and failed. Only the most ardent Bobby Darin fans should consider purchasing this CD.\"", "Aces Back to Back (album) Aces Back to Back is a compact disc featuring a compilation of songs by Bobby Darin plus a DVD containing archival video of Darin. The set was compiled and released in 2004 by Hyena Records in an agreement with the Bobby Darin estate 31 years after Darin's death. According to producer Joel Dorn, \"The title says it all. It\u2019s aces back to back , all left hooks and no filler.\u201d The first seven of the selections were recorded live during \"Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company\", a 1972 television show, and \"The Bobby Darin Show\" in 1973. Two songs, \"If I Were a Carpenter\" and \"Simple Song of Freedom\", were from an unreleased live recording in 1969. Two songs were culled from Darin's Big Sur sessions. Rounding out the compilation are Darin's \"milk recordings,\" a collection of songs featured on a radio show sponsored by the American Dairy Association in the 1960s. <br>", "Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\".", "Jimmy Scalia Jimmy Scalia (born 1960) is a record producer, the official archivist for the singer Bobby Darin's estate, a disc jockey, writer, and documentarian of American popular and rock music. He currently serves as an adviser and consultant to Darin's former manager Stephen Blauner and \"The Bobby Darin Estate\", as well as to Joel Dorn, Buddy Greco and publicist Harriet Wasser. He was the archivist for Kevin Spacey's film, \"Beyond the Sea\", and provided major footage for the film. Scalia was the writer, producer, and disc jockey for the syndicated 30-show radio series entitled \"The Magic of Bobby Darin\". He also served as a consultant for two previous Darin albums, \"Swinging the Standards\" and \"The Best of Bobby Darin\". He has produced a new Darin DVD titled \"Seeing Is Believing\". He was also consultant and adviser for A&E's Biography portrait of Darin, and on David Evanier's biography of Darin, \"Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin\". He also recently guested on WNET's documentary on Darin, \"Mack Is Back\" and on the BBC Radio 2 special on Darin. Scalia has written extensively for the publication In-Tune International, including articles in 2002 on \"Darin in Digital\", \"Keely Smith: Better Than Ever\", and on \"Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer: The Dynamic Duo\". He has also been an adviser to Jack Behrens for his book, \"\" and contributed to Images of America \"The Copacabana\" by Kristin Baggelaar. Scalia is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Society of Singers."], "answer": {"text": "graduated from the prestigious Bronx High School of Science.", "answer_start": 1409}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his name change to Bobby Darin?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother.", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father?", "answer": {"text": "she refused to reveal the identity of his biological father, and kept the secret to her death in 1983.", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "By the time he was a teenager, Darin could play several instruments, including piano, drums, and guitar. He later added harmonica and xylophone.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#5", "question": "Did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Bobby Darin go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\".", "Meanwhile, in May 1994, Warner Bros. optioned Dodd Darin's book, \"Dream Lovers\" (). James Toback and Lorenzo Carcaterra were hired to rewrite Attanasio's \"The Bobby Darin Story\", which they retitled \"Dreamer\" in an attempt to incorporate the information present in Dodd Darin's \"Dream Lovers\". Toback's script heavily focused on Darin's childhood rheumatic fever and lifelong struggle with heart disease. It also followed the previous Attanasio and Schrader scripts. Carcaterra's detailed research included Darin's music records, home videos, early television clips, authorized and unauthorized biographies, newspaper articles and magazine interviews. \"I decided to meet with a lot of real-life people associated with Bobby Darin until [Levinson] said it was taking the focus off of Bobby,\" Carcaterra explained. As a result, some of the writer's favorite scenes, including a Las Vegas confrontation with Elvis Presley, were omitted from his third and final draft, which came in at a lengthy 164 pages. Beginning in 1994, Kevin Spacey first offered his services to portray Bobby Darin, but the filmmakers believed the actor was too old. Around then, Spacey coincidentally performed the cover version of Darin's \"That Old Black Magic\" for the soundtrack of \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\". The actor explained that after 1994, \"at least three times a year, my manager would call over to Warner Bros. and say, 'Hey, what's happening with that Bobby Darin movie? You guys ever going to make it?' \"", "Bobby Darin (album) Bobby Darin is the debut album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1958. It includes Darin's U.S. No. 1 hit \"Splish Splash\". Music critic Andrew Hamilton wrote in his Allmusic review on the 1994 CD reissue \"Somebody tried to remake Darin into a young Dean Martin and failed. Only the most ardent Bobby Darin fans should consider purchasing this CD.\"", "Jimmy Scalia Jimmy Scalia (born 1960) is a record producer, the official archivist for the singer Bobby Darin's estate, a disc jockey, writer, and documentarian of American popular and rock music. He currently serves as an adviser and consultant to Darin's former manager Stephen Blauner and \"The Bobby Darin Estate\", as well as to Joel Dorn, Buddy Greco and publicist Harriet Wasser. He was the archivist for Kevin Spacey's film, \"Beyond the Sea\", and provided major footage for the film. Scalia was the writer, producer, and disc jockey for the syndicated 30-show radio series entitled \"The Magic of Bobby Darin\". He also served as a consultant for two previous Darin albums, \"Swinging the Standards\" and \"The Best of Bobby Darin\". He has produced a new Darin DVD titled \"Seeing Is Believing\". He was also consultant and adviser for A&E's Biography portrait of Darin, and on David Evanier's biography of Darin, \"Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin\". He also recently guested on WNET's documentary on Darin, \"Mack Is Back\" and on the BBC Radio 2 special on Darin. Scalia has written extensively for the publication In-Tune International, including articles in 2002 on \"Darin in Digital\", \"Keely Smith: Better Than Ever\", and on \"Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer: The Dynamic Duo\". He has also been an adviser to Jack Behrens for his book, \"\" and contributed to Images of America \"The Copacabana\" by Kristin Baggelaar. Scalia is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Society of Singers.", "Aces Back to Back (album) Aces Back to Back is a compact disc featuring a compilation of songs by Bobby Darin plus a DVD containing archival video of Darin. The set was compiled and released in 2004 by Hyena Records in an agreement with the Bobby Darin estate 31 years after Darin's death. According to producer Joel Dorn, \"The title says it all. It\u2019s aces back to back , all left hooks and no filler.\u201d The first seven of the selections were recorded live during \"Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company\", a 1972 television show, and \"The Bobby Darin Show\" in 1973. Two songs, \"If I Were a Carpenter\" and \"Simple Song of Freedom\", were from an unreleased live recording in 1969. Two songs were culled from Darin's Big Sur sessions. Rounding out the compilation are Darin's \"milk recordings,\" a collection of songs featured on a radio show sponsored by the American Dairy Association in the 1960s. <br>"], "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Hunter College", "answer_start": 1600}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his name change to Bobby Darin?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother.", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father?", "answer": {"text": "she refused to reveal the identity of his biological father, and kept the secret to her death in 1983.", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "By the time he was a teenager, Darin could play several instruments, including piano, drums, and guitar. He later added harmonica and xylophone.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "graduated from the prestigious Bronx High School of Science.", "answer_start": 1409, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#6", "question": "What was his major?", "rewrite": "What was Bobby Darin's major?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Darin (album) Bobby Darin is the debut album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1958. It includes Darin's U.S. No. 1 hit \"Splish Splash\". Music critic Andrew Hamilton wrote in his Allmusic review on the 1994 CD reissue \"Somebody tried to remake Darin into a young Dean Martin and failed. Only the most ardent Bobby Darin fans should consider purchasing this CD.\"", "Meanwhile, in May 1994, Warner Bros. optioned Dodd Darin's book, \"Dream Lovers\" (). James Toback and Lorenzo Carcaterra were hired to rewrite Attanasio's \"The Bobby Darin Story\", which they retitled \"Dreamer\" in an attempt to incorporate the information present in Dodd Darin's \"Dream Lovers\". Toback's script heavily focused on Darin's childhood rheumatic fever and lifelong struggle with heart disease. It also followed the previous Attanasio and Schrader scripts. Carcaterra's detailed research included Darin's music records, home videos, early television clips, authorized and unauthorized biographies, newspaper articles and magazine interviews. \"I decided to meet with a lot of real-life people associated with Bobby Darin until [Levinson] said it was taking the focus off of Bobby,\" Carcaterra explained. As a result, some of the writer's favorite scenes, including a Las Vegas confrontation with Elvis Presley, were omitted from his third and final draft, which came in at a lengthy 164 pages. Beginning in 1994, Kevin Spacey first offered his services to portray Bobby Darin, but the filmmakers believed the actor was too old. Around then, Spacey coincidentally performed the cover version of Darin's \"That Old Black Magic\" for the soundtrack of \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\". The actor explained that after 1994, \"at least three times a year, my manager would call over to Warner Bros. and say, 'Hey, what's happening with that Bobby Darin movie? You guys ever going to make it?' \"", "Aces Back to Back (album) Aces Back to Back is a compact disc featuring a compilation of songs by Bobby Darin plus a DVD containing archival video of Darin. The set was compiled and released in 2004 by Hyena Records in an agreement with the Bobby Darin estate 31 years after Darin's death. According to producer Joel Dorn, \"The title says it all. It\u2019s aces back to back , all left hooks and no filler.\u201d The first seven of the selections were recorded live during \"Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company\", a 1972 television show, and \"The Bobby Darin Show\" in 1973. Two songs, \"If I Were a Carpenter\" and \"Simple Song of Freedom\", were from an unreleased live recording in 1969. Two songs were culled from Darin's Big Sur sessions. Rounding out the compilation are Darin's \"milk recordings,\" a collection of songs featured on a radio show sponsored by the American Dairy Association in the 1960s. <br>", "Jimmy Scalia Jimmy Scalia (born 1960) is a record producer, the official archivist for the singer Bobby Darin's estate, a disc jockey, writer, and documentarian of American popular and rock music. He currently serves as an adviser and consultant to Darin's former manager Stephen Blauner and \"The Bobby Darin Estate\", as well as to Joel Dorn, Buddy Greco and publicist Harriet Wasser. He was the archivist for Kevin Spacey's film, \"Beyond the Sea\", and provided major footage for the film. Scalia was the writer, producer, and disc jockey for the syndicated 30-show radio series entitled \"The Magic of Bobby Darin\". He also served as a consultant for two previous Darin albums, \"Swinging the Standards\" and \"The Best of Bobby Darin\". He has produced a new Darin DVD titled \"Seeing Is Believing\". He was also consultant and adviser for A&E's Biography portrait of Darin, and on David Evanier's biography of Darin, \"Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin\". He also recently guested on WNET's documentary on Darin, \"Mack Is Back\" and on the BBC Radio 2 special on Darin. Scalia has written extensively for the publication In-Tune International, including articles in 2002 on \"Darin in Digital\", \"Keely Smith: Better Than Ever\", and on \"Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer: The Dynamic Duo\". He has also been an adviser to Jack Behrens for his book, \"\" and contributed to Images of America \"The Copacabana\" by Kristin Baggelaar. Scalia is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Society of Singers.", "Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\"."], "answer": {"text": "gravitated to the drama department.", "answer_start": 1644}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his name change to Bobby Darin?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother.", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father?", "answer": {"text": "she refused to reveal the identity of his biological father, and kept the secret to her death in 1983.", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "By the time he was a teenager, Darin could play several instruments, including piano, drums, and guitar. He later added harmonica and xylophone.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "graduated from the prestigious Bronx High School of Science.", "answer_start": 1409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Hunter College", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_608e17c1fc694feeaa55379b34ae6a76_1_q#7", "question": "Did he graduate?", "rewrite": "Did Bobby Darin graduate?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto is an album by American singer Bobby Darin, released in 1968 on Darin's own label, Direction, just one month after the formation of the label was announced in the trade press. That article stated that \"his first LP is controversial in the sense that it establishes a new image. The songs are built on Darin's feeling for people and his concern for a troubled society.\" \"Bobby Darin Born Walden Robert Cassotto\" is the first of only two albums containing all-Darin compositions (the other is the follow-up, \"Commitment\"), and was originally released in a gatefold sleeve containing the lyrics to the songs on the inside and some of Darin's poetry and musings on the back. The album did not chart, although \"Long Line Rider\", which was about the corruption in Arkansas prison farms uncovered by Tom Murton, reached number 79 on the singles charts. Other songs on the album dealt with issues such as the environment (\"Questions\"), the Vietnam War (\"The Proper Gander\"), capitalism (\"Jingle Jangle Jungle\") and organised religion (\"Sunday\"). The final song, \"In Memoriam\", featuring just Darin and an acoustic guitar, finds the singer/songwriter recounting the events of the funeral of Robert Kennedy. It is said that Darin was the last to leave the graveside, and it was Kennedy's death that was largely responsible for Darin starting the Direction label. The album was released on CD in 2007 by the Edsel label, and saw it paired with \"Bobby Darin Sings Doctor Dolittle\".", "Jimmy Scalia Jimmy Scalia (born 1960) is a record producer, the official archivist for the singer Bobby Darin's estate, a disc jockey, writer, and documentarian of American popular and rock music. He currently serves as an adviser and consultant to Darin's former manager Stephen Blauner and \"The Bobby Darin Estate\", as well as to Joel Dorn, Buddy Greco and publicist Harriet Wasser. He was the archivist for Kevin Spacey's film, \"Beyond the Sea\", and provided major footage for the film. Scalia was the writer, producer, and disc jockey for the syndicated 30-show radio series entitled \"The Magic of Bobby Darin\". He also served as a consultant for two previous Darin albums, \"Swinging the Standards\" and \"The Best of Bobby Darin\". He has produced a new Darin DVD titled \"Seeing Is Believing\". He was also consultant and adviser for A&E's Biography portrait of Darin, and on David Evanier's biography of Darin, \"Roman Candle: The Life of Bobby Darin\". He also recently guested on WNET's documentary on Darin, \"Mack Is Back\" and on the BBC Radio 2 special on Darin. Scalia has written extensively for the publication In-Tune International, including articles in 2002 on \"Darin in Digital\", \"Keely Smith: Better Than Ever\", and on \"Bobby Darin and Johnny Mercer: The Dynamic Duo\". He has also been an adviser to Jack Behrens for his book, \"\" and contributed to Images of America \"The Copacabana\" by Kristin Baggelaar. Scalia is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame and the Society of Singers.", "Bobby Darin (album) Bobby Darin is the debut album by American singer Bobby Darin released in 1958. It includes Darin's U.S. No. 1 hit \"Splish Splash\". Music critic Andrew Hamilton wrote in his Allmusic review on the 1994 CD reissue \"Somebody tried to remake Darin into a young Dean Martin and failed. Only the most ardent Bobby Darin fans should consider purchasing this CD.\"", "Aces Back to Back (album) Aces Back to Back is a compact disc featuring a compilation of songs by Bobby Darin plus a DVD containing archival video of Darin. The set was compiled and released in 2004 by Hyena Records in an agreement with the Bobby Darin estate 31 years after Darin's death. According to producer Joel Dorn, \"The title says it all. It\u2019s aces back to back , all left hooks and no filler.\u201d The first seven of the selections were recorded live during \"Dean Martin Presents: The Bobby Darin Amusement Company\", a 1972 television show, and \"The Bobby Darin Show\" in 1973. Two songs, \"If I Were a Carpenter\" and \"Simple Song of Freedom\", were from an unreleased live recording in 1969. Two songs were culled from Darin's Big Sur sessions. Rounding out the compilation are Darin's \"milk recordings,\" a collection of songs featured on a radio show sponsored by the American Dairy Association in the 1960s. <br>", "Meanwhile, in May 1994, Warner Bros. optioned Dodd Darin's book, \"Dream Lovers\" (). James Toback and Lorenzo Carcaterra were hired to rewrite Attanasio's \"The Bobby Darin Story\", which they retitled \"Dreamer\" in an attempt to incorporate the information present in Dodd Darin's \"Dream Lovers\". Toback's script heavily focused on Darin's childhood rheumatic fever and lifelong struggle with heart disease. It also followed the previous Attanasio and Schrader scripts. Carcaterra's detailed research included Darin's music records, home videos, early television clips, authorized and unauthorized biographies, newspaper articles and magazine interviews. \"I decided to meet with a lot of real-life people associated with Bobby Darin until [Levinson] said it was taking the focus off of Bobby,\" Carcaterra explained. As a result, some of the writer's favorite scenes, including a Las Vegas confrontation with Elvis Presley, were omitted from his third and final draft, which came in at a lengthy 164 pages. Beginning in 1994, Kevin Spacey first offered his services to portray Bobby Darin, but the filmmakers believed the actor was too old. Around then, Spacey coincidentally performed the cover version of Darin's \"That Old Black Magic\" for the soundtrack of \"Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil\". The actor explained that after 1994, \"at least three times a year, my manager would call over to Warner Bros. and say, 'Hey, what's happening with that Bobby Darin movie? You guys ever going to make it?' \""], "answer": {"text": "After only two semesters, he dropped out to pursue an acting career.", "answer_start": 1680}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Bobby Darin born?", "answer": {"text": "Born Walden Robert Cassotto in the East Harlem neighborhood of New York City,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his name change to Bobby Darin?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Darin was reared by his maternal grandmother, whom he believed was his mother.", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was his father?", "answer": {"text": "she refused to reveal the identity of his biological father, and kept the secret to her death in 1983.", "answer_start": 551, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "By the time he was a teenager, Darin could play several instruments, including piano, drums, and guitar. He later added harmonica and xylophone.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "graduated from the prestigious Bronx High School of Science.", "answer_start": 1409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "He then enrolled at Hunter College", "answer_start": 1600, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his major?", "answer": {"text": "gravitated to the drama department.", "answer_start": 1644, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#0", "question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "rewrite": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1) Provide guided tasks leveraging a variety of instructional techniques 2) Students should explain their own ideas and teachers should assess the accuracy of the idea and provide feedback 3) Teachers should provide examples of how to complete the tasks. A critical success factor to discovery learning is that it must be teacher assisted. Bruner (1961), one of the early pioneers of discovery learning, cautioned that discovery could not happen without some basic knowledge. Mayer (2004) argued that pure unassisted discovery should be eliminated due to the lack of evidence that it improves learning outcomes. Discovery learning can also result in students becoming confused and frustrated. The teachers\u2019 role in discovery learning is therefore critical to the success of learning outcomes. Students must build foundational knowledge through examples, practice and feedback. This can provide a foundation for students to integrate additional information and build upon problem solving and critical thinking skills. Early research demonstrated that directed discovery had positive effects on retention of information at six weeks after instruction versus that of traditional direct instruction. It is believed that the outcome of discovery based learning is the development of inquiring minds and the potential for life-long learning. Discovery learning promotes student exploration and collaboration with teachers and peers to solve problems. Children are also able to direct their own inquiry and be actively involved in the learning process which helps with student motivation. A debate in the instructional community now questions the effectiveness of this model of instruction. The debate dates back to the 1950s when researchers first began to compare the results of discovery learning to other forms of instruction. In support of the fundamental concept of discovery learning, Bruner (1961) suggested that students are more likely to remember concepts if they discover them on their own as opposed to those that are taught directly. In pure discovery learning, the learner is required to discover new content through conducting investigations or carrying out procedures while receiving little, if any, assistance.", "Discovery Benelux Discovery Benelux is a branch of Discovery EMEA (Discovery, Inc.) that is responsible for channels in the Netherlands and Belgium. Discovery Benelux operates Discovery Netherlands, Discovery Flanders, Animal Planet, TLC, Eurosport 1, Eurosport 2 and Investigation Discovery in the region with local advertising, sponsorship, programming and the use of the local language either dubbed or subtitled. Discovery Benelux also use existing services from Discovery Networks International: Discovery Science and Discovery World. In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK & Ireland, Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, localized operations in the United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland, Germany, Italy, Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway & Finland), France and Benelux (Netherlands & Flanders) fall under Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. In November 2014, Discovery Networks Western Europe was split into Discovery Networks Northern Europe and Discovery Networks Southern Europe. Travel Channel, Fine Living and Food Network closed in the Netherlands and Flanders on 31 January 2019. Content from these former Scripps television channels has been integrated into the programming of Discovery, TLC and Investigation Discovery in the Benelux. In 2019 Discovery Benelux launched Dplay, a video on demand streaming service with content of Discovery, TLC and Investigation Discovery.", "Discovery Networks CEEMEA Discovery Networks CEEMEA ( Discovery Networks Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa) was a branch of Discovery Networks International headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. The network was launched in February 2011, previously Discovery Networks CEEMEA was under Discovery Networks Europe. Discovery Networks CEEMEA held the responsibility for overseeing Discovery Networks International channels in 105 different countries in the Middle East, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Central Asia, Africa and European countries such as Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Turkey, Israel, Macedonia, comprising 10 brands. Discovery Networks CEEMEA started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe. In mid-2007, Discovery Networks Europe was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London. In February 2011, Discovery Networks Europe was split into two key branches Discovery Networks Western Europe (DNWE) and Discovery Networks CEEMEA (Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa). Discovery Networks CEEMEA's headquarters are in Warsaw, Poland. Regional offices are located in Almaty, Bucharest, Budapest, Kiev, London, Moscow and Prague. Kasia Kieli is President and Managing Director for Discovery Networks Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa (CEEMEA) and as strategic management responsibility of Discovery's operations in the region, which became a standalone business in July 2010 and today encompasses 105 countries across three continents. In each of these markets, Discovery broadcasts up to nine channels from a list that includes Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Discovery Science, Discovery HD Showcase and TLC.", "Discovery Networks Deutschland Discovery Networks Deutschland was a branch of Discovery Networks Europe holding responsibility for overseeing Discovery Networks brands in Germany, Austria and German-speaking parts of Switzerland. Discovery Networks Deutschland's key operations are the free-to-air DMAX, Discovery Channel, Animal Planet and Discovery HD. Previously, Discovery Networks Deutschland operated Discovery Geschichte a channel based on historical events. Like other Discovery channels in Europe. Discovery Networks Deutschland utilize existing productions from Discovery Networks Europe and Discovery Communications. In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK & Ireland and Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, operations in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, France and Flanders are operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. In early 2011, Discovery Networks International restructured its operations in Europe. In February 2011, it established two key branches which resulted in the amalgamation of its localized networks in Europe. DMAX is a men's lifestyle channel operated by Discovery Networks Deutschland free-to-air in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Though the channel is widely available throughout the rest of Europe. It is seen as the only free-to-air mainstream channel with a focus on non-fiction entertainment, unique in German media. With the success of the German-speaking DMAX a separate channel was launched for the UK and Ireland markets on 22 November 2007. The channel also features many of Discovery Communications global programs, including: Discovery Channel is the German version of the Discovery Channel. It is operated by Discovery Networks Deutschland, which is located in Munich.", "Discovery Networks UK Discovery Networks UK was a branch of Discovery Networks responsible for overseeing Discovery Networks Europe's channels in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland. As of autumn 2011, Discovery Networks UK is now operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. Discovery Networks UK started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe (DNE). In early 2007, DNE was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London. As of 2011 Discovery Networks Europe has merged its operations in the UK, Nordic region and other parts of Western Europe to form Discovery Networks Western Europe. In the UK the Discovery Channel has been the number one factual channel throughout its 20-year history. It has a 47 percent share of the PAYTV factual market (Source BARB/TechEdge). In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, operations in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, France and Flanders are operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. 1989 1992 1997 1998 2000 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2013 2017"], "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#1", "question": "What was the movie about?", "rewrite": "What was Discovery (1961) about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Discovery Networks Deutschland Discovery Networks Deutschland was a branch of Discovery Networks Europe holding responsibility for overseeing Discovery Networks brands in Germany, Austria and German-speaking parts of Switzerland. Discovery Networks Deutschland's key operations are the free-to-air DMAX, Discovery Channel, Animal Planet and Discovery HD. Previously, Discovery Networks Deutschland operated Discovery Geschichte a channel based on historical events. Like other Discovery channels in Europe. Discovery Networks Deutschland utilize existing productions from Discovery Networks Europe and Discovery Communications. In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK & Ireland and Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, operations in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, France and Flanders are operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. In early 2011, Discovery Networks International restructured its operations in Europe. In February 2011, it established two key branches which resulted in the amalgamation of its localized networks in Europe. DMAX is a men's lifestyle channel operated by Discovery Networks Deutschland free-to-air in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Though the channel is widely available throughout the rest of Europe. It is seen as the only free-to-air mainstream channel with a focus on non-fiction entertainment, unique in German media. With the success of the German-speaking DMAX a separate channel was launched for the UK and Ireland markets on 22 November 2007. The channel also features many of Discovery Communications global programs, including: Discovery Channel is the German version of the Discovery Channel. It is operated by Discovery Networks Deutschland, which is located in Munich.", "Discovery Networks UK Discovery Networks UK was a branch of Discovery Networks responsible for overseeing Discovery Networks Europe's channels in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland. As of autumn 2011, Discovery Networks UK is now operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. Discovery Networks UK started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe (DNE). In early 2007, DNE was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London. As of 2011 Discovery Networks Europe has merged its operations in the UK, Nordic region and other parts of Western Europe to form Discovery Networks Western Europe. In the UK the Discovery Channel has been the number one factual channel throughout its 20-year history. It has a 47 percent share of the PAYTV factual market (Source BARB/TechEdge). In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, operations in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, France and Flanders are operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. 1989 1992 1997 1998 2000 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2013 2017", "Discovery Networks CEEMEA Discovery Networks CEEMEA ( Discovery Networks Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa) was a branch of Discovery Networks International headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. The network was launched in February 2011, previously Discovery Networks CEEMEA was under Discovery Networks Europe. Discovery Networks CEEMEA held the responsibility for overseeing Discovery Networks International channels in 105 different countries in the Middle East, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Central Asia, Africa and European countries such as Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Turkey, Israel, Macedonia, comprising 10 brands. Discovery Networks CEEMEA started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe. In mid-2007, Discovery Networks Europe was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London. In February 2011, Discovery Networks Europe was split into two key branches Discovery Networks Western Europe (DNWE) and Discovery Networks CEEMEA (Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa). Discovery Networks CEEMEA's headquarters are in Warsaw, Poland. Regional offices are located in Almaty, Bucharest, Budapest, Kiev, London, Moscow and Prague. Kasia Kieli is President and Managing Director for Discovery Networks Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa (CEEMEA) and as strategic management responsibility of Discovery's operations in the region, which became a standalone business in July 2010 and today encompasses 105 countries across three continents. In each of these markets, Discovery broadcasts up to nine channels from a list that includes Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Discovery Science, Discovery HD Showcase and TLC.", "Discovery Benelux Discovery Benelux is a branch of Discovery EMEA (Discovery, Inc.) that is responsible for channels in the Netherlands and Belgium. Discovery Benelux operates Discovery Netherlands, Discovery Flanders, Animal Planet, TLC, Eurosport 1, Eurosport 2 and Investigation Discovery in the region with local advertising, sponsorship, programming and the use of the local language either dubbed or subtitled. Discovery Benelux also use existing services from Discovery Networks International: Discovery Science and Discovery World. In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK & Ireland, Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, localized operations in the United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland, Germany, Italy, Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway & Finland), France and Benelux (Netherlands & Flanders) fall under Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. In November 2014, Discovery Networks Western Europe was split into Discovery Networks Northern Europe and Discovery Networks Southern Europe. Travel Channel, Fine Living and Food Network closed in the Netherlands and Flanders on 31 January 2019. Content from these former Scripps television channels has been integrated into the programming of Discovery, TLC and Investigation Discovery in the Benelux. In 2019 Discovery Benelux launched Dplay, a video on demand streaming service with content of Discovery, TLC and Investigation Discovery.", "1) Provide guided tasks leveraging a variety of instructional techniques 2) Students should explain their own ideas and teachers should assess the accuracy of the idea and provide feedback 3) Teachers should provide examples of how to complete the tasks. A critical success factor to discovery learning is that it must be teacher assisted. Bruner (1961), one of the early pioneers of discovery learning, cautioned that discovery could not happen without some basic knowledge. Mayer (2004) argued that pure unassisted discovery should be eliminated due to the lack of evidence that it improves learning outcomes. Discovery learning can also result in students becoming confused and frustrated. The teachers\u2019 role in discovery learning is therefore critical to the success of learning outcomes. Students must build foundational knowledge through examples, practice and feedback. This can provide a foundation for students to integrate additional information and build upon problem solving and critical thinking skills. Early research demonstrated that directed discovery had positive effects on retention of information at six weeks after instruction versus that of traditional direct instruction. It is believed that the outcome of discovery based learning is the development of inquiring minds and the potential for life-long learning. Discovery learning promotes student exploration and collaboration with teachers and peers to solve problems. Children are also able to direct their own inquiry and be actively involved in the learning process which helps with student motivation. A debate in the instructional community now questions the effectiveness of this model of instruction. The debate dates back to the 1950s when researchers first began to compare the results of discovery learning to other forms of instruction. In support of the fundamental concept of discovery learning, Bruner (1961) suggested that students are more likely to remember concepts if they discover them on their own as opposed to those that are taught directly. In pure discovery learning, the learner is required to discover new content through conducting investigations or carrying out procedures while receiving little, if any, assistance."], "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock put Hedren through an extensive color screen test that lasted two days and cost $25,000, doing scenes from his previous films,", "answer_start": 862}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#2", "question": "Was the movie popular", "rewrite": "Was Discovery (1961) popular", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Discovery Networks Deutschland Discovery Networks Deutschland was a branch of Discovery Networks Europe holding responsibility for overseeing Discovery Networks brands in Germany, Austria and German-speaking parts of Switzerland. Discovery Networks Deutschland's key operations are the free-to-air DMAX, Discovery Channel, Animal Planet and Discovery HD. Previously, Discovery Networks Deutschland operated Discovery Geschichte a channel based on historical events. Like other Discovery channels in Europe. Discovery Networks Deutschland utilize existing productions from Discovery Networks Europe and Discovery Communications. In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK & Ireland and Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, operations in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, France and Flanders are operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. In early 2011, Discovery Networks International restructured its operations in Europe. In February 2011, it established two key branches which resulted in the amalgamation of its localized networks in Europe. DMAX is a men's lifestyle channel operated by Discovery Networks Deutschland free-to-air in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Though the channel is widely available throughout the rest of Europe. It is seen as the only free-to-air mainstream channel with a focus on non-fiction entertainment, unique in German media. With the success of the German-speaking DMAX a separate channel was launched for the UK and Ireland markets on 22 November 2007. The channel also features many of Discovery Communications global programs, including: Discovery Channel is the German version of the Discovery Channel. It is operated by Discovery Networks Deutschland, which is located in Munich.", "1) Provide guided tasks leveraging a variety of instructional techniques 2) Students should explain their own ideas and teachers should assess the accuracy of the idea and provide feedback 3) Teachers should provide examples of how to complete the tasks. A critical success factor to discovery learning is that it must be teacher assisted. Bruner (1961), one of the early pioneers of discovery learning, cautioned that discovery could not happen without some basic knowledge. Mayer (2004) argued that pure unassisted discovery should be eliminated due to the lack of evidence that it improves learning outcomes. Discovery learning can also result in students becoming confused and frustrated. The teachers\u2019 role in discovery learning is therefore critical to the success of learning outcomes. Students must build foundational knowledge through examples, practice and feedback. This can provide a foundation for students to integrate additional information and build upon problem solving and critical thinking skills. Early research demonstrated that directed discovery had positive effects on retention of information at six weeks after instruction versus that of traditional direct instruction. It is believed that the outcome of discovery based learning is the development of inquiring minds and the potential for life-long learning. Discovery learning promotes student exploration and collaboration with teachers and peers to solve problems. Children are also able to direct their own inquiry and be actively involved in the learning process which helps with student motivation. A debate in the instructional community now questions the effectiveness of this model of instruction. The debate dates back to the 1950s when researchers first began to compare the results of discovery learning to other forms of instruction. In support of the fundamental concept of discovery learning, Bruner (1961) suggested that students are more likely to remember concepts if they discover them on their own as opposed to those that are taught directly. In pure discovery learning, the learner is required to discover new content through conducting investigations or carrying out procedures while receiving little, if any, assistance.", "Discovery Networks UK Discovery Networks UK was a branch of Discovery Networks responsible for overseeing Discovery Networks Europe's channels in the United Kingdom and in the Republic of Ireland. As of autumn 2011, Discovery Networks UK is now operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. Discovery Networks UK started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe (DNE). In early 2007, DNE was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London. As of 2011 Discovery Networks Europe has merged its operations in the UK, Nordic region and other parts of Western Europe to form Discovery Networks Western Europe. In the UK the Discovery Channel has been the number one factual channel throughout its 20-year history. It has a 47 percent share of the PAYTV factual market (Source BARB/TechEdge). In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, operations in the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, France and Flanders are operated by Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. 1989 1992 1997 1998 2000 2001 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2013 2017", "Discovery Benelux Discovery Benelux is a branch of Discovery EMEA (Discovery, Inc.) that is responsible for channels in the Netherlands and Belgium. Discovery Benelux operates Discovery Netherlands, Discovery Flanders, Animal Planet, TLC, Eurosport 1, Eurosport 2 and Investigation Discovery in the region with local advertising, sponsorship, programming and the use of the local language either dubbed or subtitled. Discovery Benelux also use existing services from Discovery Networks International: Discovery Science and Discovery World. In 2007, Discovery Networks Europe decided to localize its networks across Europe. This resulted in the establishment of Discovery Networks Deutschland, Discovery Networks Benelux, Discovery Networks Nordic, Discovery Networks UK & Ireland, Discovery Networks Italia and Discovery Networks EMEA (which served all other territories). As of 2011, localized operations in the United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland, Germany, Italy, Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway & Finland), France and Benelux (Netherlands & Flanders) fall under Discovery Networks Western Europe. All other operations in Europe are operated by Discovery Networks CEEMEA in Warsaw. In November 2014, Discovery Networks Western Europe was split into Discovery Networks Northern Europe and Discovery Networks Southern Europe. Travel Channel, Fine Living and Food Network closed in the Netherlands and Flanders on 31 January 2019. Content from these former Scripps television channels has been integrated into the programming of Discovery, TLC and Investigation Discovery in the Benelux. In 2019 Discovery Benelux launched Dplay, a video on demand streaming service with content of Discovery, TLC and Investigation Discovery.", "Discovery (UK and Ireland)  Discovery (formerly Discovery Channel) is a British pay television channel, operated by Discovery, Inc.. Its programming is based on programming produced by Discovery Networks Europe, Discovery Channel Canada and Discovery Channel from the United States. It first became available in the UK on 1 April 1989 when Discovery Channel Europe was launched. It was the first extension of the Discovery Channel outside the United States. Prior to 1993, UK viewers could receive the channel from Intelsat satellites at 27.5\u00b0 West. In July 1993, the Discovery Channel launched on the Astra 1C analogue satellite on the popular 19.2\u00b0 East position where it used to broadcast only in the evening, starting at 4pm. On Astra, the daytime space was filled by CMT Europe until 1994, when TLC (later on Discovery Home & Leisure) moved there. Eventually, Discovery Home & Leisure would broadcast from the morning to 4pm when Discovery Channel took over and would broadcast for ten hours until 2am. With the launch of Sky Digital in October 1998, Discovery Channel moved its start time to 8am, broadcasting for 18 hours per day. The time-shift channel, Discovery Channel +1, launched at the same time, as did several sister channels. Analogue broadcasts were terminated in 2001. On 22 May 2006, Discovery HD was made available on Sky as part of the Sky+ HD launch line up. It was also made available on Virgin Media's cable service on 1 April 2010. From 30 June 2011 Discovery HD began to simulcast Discovery Channel in high-definition rather than use a separate schedule. The channel briefly had a 90-minute timeshift, called Discovery Channel +1.5. It launched on 25 June 2007. It was replaced by Discovery Science +1 on 21 April 2008. An Irish advertising feed was launched in 2010."], "answer": {"text": "was asked by Hitchcock to play the leading role in his upcoming film The Birds.", "answer_start": 270}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the movie about?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock put Hedren through an extensive color screen test that lasted two days and cost $25,000, doing scenes from his previous films,", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#3", "question": "What was her role in Discovery", "rewrite": "What was Tippi Hedren's role in Discovery (1961)?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1952, Hedren met and married 18-year-old future advertising executive Peter Griffith. Their daughter, actress Melanie Griffith, was born on August 9, 1957. They were divorced in 1961. On September 22, 1964, Hedren married her then-agent Noel Marshall, who later produced three of her films; they divorced in 1982. In 1985, she married steel manufacturer Luis Barrenechea, but they divorced in 1995. Hedren was engaged to veterinarian Martin Dinnes from 2002 until their breakup in mid-2008. In September 2008, Hedren told The Sunday Times \"I'm waiting for someone to sweep me off my feet.\" Hedren played a role in the development of Vietnamese-American nail salons in the United States. In 1975, while an international relief coordinator with Food for the Hungry, she began visiting with refugees at Hope Village outside Sacramento, California. When she learned the women were interested in her manicured nails, she employed her manicurist to teach them the skills of the trade and worked with a local beauty school to help them find jobs. Hedren's work with the Vietnamese-Americans was the subject of Happy Hands, directed by Honey Lauren, which won Best Documentary Short at the Sonoma International Film Festival in 2014. CND and Beauty Changes Lives Foundation (BCL) have announced the BCL CND Tippi Hedren Nail Scholarship Fund to support professional nail education and will be administered starting January 1, 2014. Hedren suffered from severe and persistent headaches for a long time and therefore was unable to accept several projects, including a television series produced by and starring Betty White. After she got a titanium plate put in her neck, she improved and then agreed, with the blessing of her doctor, to take the part of a dying woman in the soap opera Fashion House.", "In a post-production BBC press release about the film in November 2012, Hughes described her enthusiasm when she was approached about the project while on holiday: \"[I] got a phone call from producer Amanda Jenks. She only managed to get out the words 'Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren' before I was already shouting 'yes yes yes!' to this seductive, sinister, deeply touching story of love and obsession among Hollywood royalty. \" Hughes interviewed Hedren and members of Hitchcock's crew before preparing a script. She described her discussions with Hedren: \"Her wisdom and insights have helped me to put her real life ordeal on to the screen. I know Tippi is absolutely thrilled, as I am, with the casting of Sienna Miller to play her. \" The film's title was inspired by the name Hitchcock used for Hedren after she stopped working for him. Diana Cilliers designed the costumes, recreating what Hedren wore (including Melanie Daniels' green suit) in Hitchcock's films: \"[T]here were certain items that we just copiedsuch as the Birds suit and the yellow Marnie bag, but otherwise we looked at clean lines, colours. Nothing too fussy.\" Filming began on 8 December 2011. As part of her research Miller (who was in the early stages of pregnancy) spoke to Hedren several times during filming, and the two became friends. Live birds were used to recreate the filming of the attic scene in \"The Birds\". Miller told the \"Radio Times\", \"I did go through a bird attack for two hours. It pales in comparison to what [Hedren] was subjected to, but it was pretty horrible. There were men off-camera with boxes of birds, throwing seagulls and pigeons in my face\".", "The director is frustrated by what he sees as Hedren's coldness towards him. During a conversation with writer Evan Hunter, Hitchcock admits that he has erectile dysfunction and his only sexual partner is his wife (screenwriter Alma Reville). He later declares his love for Hedren; she walks away, leaving him frustrated and further rejected. Hitchcock refuses Hedren's request for time off to attend the Photoplay Awards in New York City (where she is nominated for the Most Promising Actress award), and tells her he will require her to make herself sexually available to him on demand if her career is to continue. Hedren quits working for Hitchcock after completing \"Marnie\", but he refuses to release her from her contract; this prevents her from working for another production company, effectively ending her Hollywood career. Two notes before the titles inform the viewer that Hitchcock and Hedren never worked together again, and \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\" are considered his last classic films. \"The Girl\" is based on Donald Spoto's 2009 book, \"Spellbound by Beauty: Alfred Hitchcock and His Leading Ladies\", which examines the relationships between Alfred Hitchcock and the female stars of his films. Spoto wrote that Hitchcock attempted to turn Tippi Hedren (star of \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\") into his perfect woman, choosing the clothes and lipstick he thought she should wear. Hedren told Spoto that Hitchcock fantasised about running off with her. Details of a film examining Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren were reported in December 2011. \"The Girl\", written by Gwyneth Hughes, would star Toby Jones as Hitchcock and Sienna Miller as Hedren.", "Tippi Degr\u00e9 Tippi Benjamine Okanti Degr\u00e9 (born 4 June 1990) is a French woman best known for spending her youth in Namibia among wild animals and tribes people. In 2002\u201303, she was the presenter of \"Around the World with Tippi\", six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries. Born in Windhoek, Namibia, in 1990 to wildlife photographer-filmmaker parents, Degr\u00e9 was raised in the bush for the first ten years of her life in Southern Africa. She has published books about her experiences with wild animals in the bush and with tribes people, the San Bushmen and the Himbas. She was named after the American actress Tippi Hedren. During her childhood in Namibia, Degr\u00e9 befriended animals she lived among including a 28-year old elephant Abu, a leopard nicknamed J&B, lions, giraffes, a banded mongoose, an ostrich, meerkats, a cheetah, a caracal, snakes, a giant bullfrog and chameleons. In 2000, Degr\u00e9 wrote the novel \"Tippi - My Book of Africa\", based on her life in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. In 2001, she was the Godmother of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) with the famous French actor, producer and director Jacques Perrin, in France. In 2002\u201303, Tippi presented six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries for the Discovery Channel. A documentary film on her experiences, \"Le Monde Selon Tippi\" ( \"The World According to Tippi\") was released in 1997. \"Around the World with Tippi\" was released in 2004, directed by Jeanne Mascolo de Filippis. Degr\u00e9 studied cinema and audiovisuals in France.", "Hitchcock criticised the film because of its portrayal of him as a sexual predator. Kim Novak (who starred in one of Hitchcock's films) and Nora Brown (widow of one of Hitchcock's close friends) disputed the film's version of events. The film is a partially fictionalised account of the relationship between Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren. In 1961, Hitchcock notices Hedren in a television commercial for a diet drink. He wants to turn her into the next Grace Kelly, with whom he had worked extensively during the 1950s. Hedren passes her screen test and is groomed for the starring role in Hitchcock's latest film, \"The Birds\"; the director instructs her about her dress and appearance. Captivated by Hedren's Nordic looks, Hitchcock becomes infatuated with her. While filming \"The Birds\", he makes physical advances to her in the back of a limousine but she rebuffs him and escapes through the back door. In retaliation for her rejection, Hitchcock exposes Hedren to terrifying encounters with birds. A mechanical bird breaks the apparently shatterproof glass of a telephone booth during filming, scratching Hedren's face with splintering glass. After arriving on set to shoot a scene where Hedren's character (Melanie Daniels) is trapped in an attic with aggressive birds, she discovers that Hitchcock has ordered the mechanical birds to be replaced with live ones. He demands the scene be repeated until he is satisfied that Hedren's reaction looks authentic. This takes a protracted several days of filming, leaving Hedren traumatised. With \"The Birds\" a box-office success, Hitchcock and Hedren begin work on \"Marnie\". However, Hedren finds the film's content (including a marital-rape scene) and Hitchcock's obsession with her mentally and emotionally exhausting."], "answer": {"text": "It never occurred to me that I would be given a leading role in a major motion picture. I had great big tears in my eyes", "answer_start": 369}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the movie about?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock put Hedren through an extensive color screen test that lasted two days and cost $25,000, doing scenes from his previous films,", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the movie popular", "answer": {"text": "was asked by Hitchcock to play the leading role in his upcoming film The Birds.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#4", "question": "Was this her first big role?", "rewrite": "Was Discovery (1961) Tippi Hedren's first big role?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hitchcock criticised the film because of its portrayal of him as a sexual predator. Kim Novak (who starred in one of Hitchcock's films) and Nora Brown (widow of one of Hitchcock's close friends) disputed the film's version of events. The film is a partially fictionalised account of the relationship between Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren. In 1961, Hitchcock notices Hedren in a television commercial for a diet drink. He wants to turn her into the next Grace Kelly, with whom he had worked extensively during the 1950s. Hedren passes her screen test and is groomed for the starring role in Hitchcock's latest film, \"The Birds\"; the director instructs her about her dress and appearance. Captivated by Hedren's Nordic looks, Hitchcock becomes infatuated with her. While filming \"The Birds\", he makes physical advances to her in the back of a limousine but she rebuffs him and escapes through the back door. In retaliation for her rejection, Hitchcock exposes Hedren to terrifying encounters with birds. A mechanical bird breaks the apparently shatterproof glass of a telephone booth during filming, scratching Hedren's face with splintering glass. After arriving on set to shoot a scene where Hedren's character (Melanie Daniels) is trapped in an attic with aggressive birds, she discovers that Hitchcock has ordered the mechanical birds to be replaced with live ones. He demands the scene be repeated until he is satisfied that Hedren's reaction looks authentic. This takes a protracted several days of filming, leaving Hedren traumatised. With \"The Birds\" a box-office success, Hitchcock and Hedren begin work on \"Marnie\". However, Hedren finds the film's content (including a marital-rape scene) and Hitchcock's obsession with her mentally and emotionally exhausting.", "Tippi Degr\u00e9 Tippi Benjamine Okanti Degr\u00e9 (born 4 June 1990) is a French woman best known for spending her youth in Namibia among wild animals and tribes people. In 2002\u201303, she was the presenter of \"Around the World with Tippi\", six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries. Born in Windhoek, Namibia, in 1990 to wildlife photographer-filmmaker parents, Degr\u00e9 was raised in the bush for the first ten years of her life in Southern Africa. She has published books about her experiences with wild animals in the bush and with tribes people, the San Bushmen and the Himbas. She was named after the American actress Tippi Hedren. During her childhood in Namibia, Degr\u00e9 befriended animals she lived among including a 28-year old elephant Abu, a leopard nicknamed J&B, lions, giraffes, a banded mongoose, an ostrich, meerkats, a cheetah, a caracal, snakes, a giant bullfrog and chameleons. In 2000, Degr\u00e9 wrote the novel \"Tippi - My Book of Africa\", based on her life in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. In 2001, she was the Godmother of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) with the famous French actor, producer and director Jacques Perrin, in France. In 2002\u201303, Tippi presented six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries for the Discovery Channel. A documentary film on her experiences, \"Le Monde Selon Tippi\" ( \"The World According to Tippi\") was released in 1997. \"Around the World with Tippi\" was released in 2004, directed by Jeanne Mascolo de Filippis. Degr\u00e9 studied cinema and audiovisuals in France.", "The director is frustrated by what he sees as Hedren's coldness towards him. During a conversation with writer Evan Hunter, Hitchcock admits that he has erectile dysfunction and his only sexual partner is his wife (screenwriter Alma Reville). He later declares his love for Hedren; she walks away, leaving him frustrated and further rejected. Hitchcock refuses Hedren's request for time off to attend the Photoplay Awards in New York City (where she is nominated for the Most Promising Actress award), and tells her he will require her to make herself sexually available to him on demand if her career is to continue. Hedren quits working for Hitchcock after completing \"Marnie\", but he refuses to release her from her contract; this prevents her from working for another production company, effectively ending her Hollywood career. Two notes before the titles inform the viewer that Hitchcock and Hedren never worked together again, and \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\" are considered his last classic films. \"The Girl\" is based on Donald Spoto's 2009 book, \"Spellbound by Beauty: Alfred Hitchcock and His Leading Ladies\", which examines the relationships between Alfred Hitchcock and the female stars of his films. Spoto wrote that Hitchcock attempted to turn Tippi Hedren (star of \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\") into his perfect woman, choosing the clothes and lipstick he thought she should wear. Hedren told Spoto that Hitchcock fantasised about running off with her. Details of a film examining Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren were reported in December 2011. \"The Girl\", written by Gwyneth Hughes, would star Toby Jones as Hitchcock and Sienna Miller as Hedren.", "In a post-production BBC press release about the film in November 2012, Hughes described her enthusiasm when she was approached about the project while on holiday: \"[I] got a phone call from producer Amanda Jenks. She only managed to get out the words 'Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren' before I was already shouting 'yes yes yes!' to this seductive, sinister, deeply touching story of love and obsession among Hollywood royalty. \" Hughes interviewed Hedren and members of Hitchcock's crew before preparing a script. She described her discussions with Hedren: \"Her wisdom and insights have helped me to put her real life ordeal on to the screen. I know Tippi is absolutely thrilled, as I am, with the casting of Sienna Miller to play her. \" The film's title was inspired by the name Hitchcock used for Hedren after she stopped working for him. Diana Cilliers designed the costumes, recreating what Hedren wore (including Melanie Daniels' green suit) in Hitchcock's films: \"[T]here were certain items that we just copiedsuch as the Birds suit and the yellow Marnie bag, but otherwise we looked at clean lines, colours. Nothing too fussy.\" Filming began on 8 December 2011. As part of her research Miller (who was in the early stages of pregnancy) spoke to Hedren several times during filming, and the two became friends. Live birds were used to recreate the filming of the attic scene in \"The Birds\". Miller told the \"Radio Times\", \"I did go through a bird attack for two hours. It pales in comparison to what [Hedren] was subjected to, but it was pretty horrible. There were men off-camera with boxes of birds, throwing seagulls and pigeons in my face\".", "In 1952, Hedren met and married 18-year-old future advertising executive Peter Griffith. Their daughter, actress Melanie Griffith, was born on August 9, 1957. They were divorced in 1961. On September 22, 1964, Hedren married her then-agent Noel Marshall, who later produced three of her films; they divorced in 1982. In 1985, she married steel manufacturer Luis Barrenechea, but they divorced in 1995. Hedren was engaged to veterinarian Martin Dinnes from 2002 until their breakup in mid-2008. In September 2008, Hedren told The Sunday Times \"I'm waiting for someone to sweep me off my feet.\" Hedren played a role in the development of Vietnamese-American nail salons in the United States. In 1975, while an international relief coordinator with Food for the Hungry, she began visiting with refugees at Hope Village outside Sacramento, California. When she learned the women were interested in her manicured nails, she employed her manicurist to teach them the skills of the trade and worked with a local beauty school to help them find jobs. Hedren's work with the Vietnamese-Americans was the subject of Happy Hands, directed by Honey Lauren, which won Best Documentary Short at the Sonoma International Film Festival in 2014. CND and Beauty Changes Lives Foundation (BCL) have announced the BCL CND Tippi Hedren Nail Scholarship Fund to support professional nail education and will be administered starting January 1, 2014. Hedren suffered from severe and persistent headaches for a long time and therefore was unable to accept several projects, including a television series produced by and starring Betty White. After she got a titanium plate put in her neck, she improved and then agreed, with the blessing of her doctor, to take the part of a dying woman in the soap opera Fashion House."], "answer": {"text": "Alfred Hitchcock who, while he was watching The Today Show, saw her in a commercial for a diet drink called Sego, she agreed to sign a seven-year contract.", "answer_start": 140}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the movie about?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock put Hedren through an extensive color screen test that lasted two days and cost $25,000, doing scenes from his previous films,", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the movie popular", "answer": {"text": "was asked by Hitchcock to play the leading role in his upcoming film The Birds.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her role in Discovery", "answer": {"text": "It never occurred to me that I would be given a leading role in a major motion picture. I had great big tears in my eyes", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#5", "question": "Did she work for Hitchcock after this", "rewrite": "Did Tippi Hedren work for Alfred Hitchcock after Discovery?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In a post-production BBC press release about the film in November 2012, Hughes described her enthusiasm when she was approached about the project while on holiday: \"[I] got a phone call from producer Amanda Jenks. She only managed to get out the words 'Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren' before I was already shouting 'yes yes yes!' to this seductive, sinister, deeply touching story of love and obsession among Hollywood royalty. \" Hughes interviewed Hedren and members of Hitchcock's crew before preparing a script. She described her discussions with Hedren: \"Her wisdom and insights have helped me to put her real life ordeal on to the screen. I know Tippi is absolutely thrilled, as I am, with the casting of Sienna Miller to play her. \" The film's title was inspired by the name Hitchcock used for Hedren after she stopped working for him. Diana Cilliers designed the costumes, recreating what Hedren wore (including Melanie Daniels' green suit) in Hitchcock's films: \"[T]here were certain items that we just copiedsuch as the Birds suit and the yellow Marnie bag, but otherwise we looked at clean lines, colours. Nothing too fussy.\" Filming began on 8 December 2011. As part of her research Miller (who was in the early stages of pregnancy) spoke to Hedren several times during filming, and the two became friends. Live birds were used to recreate the filming of the attic scene in \"The Birds\". Miller told the \"Radio Times\", \"I did go through a bird attack for two hours. It pales in comparison to what [Hedren] was subjected to, but it was pretty horrible. There were men off-camera with boxes of birds, throwing seagulls and pigeons in my face\".", "The director is frustrated by what he sees as Hedren's coldness towards him. During a conversation with writer Evan Hunter, Hitchcock admits that he has erectile dysfunction and his only sexual partner is his wife (screenwriter Alma Reville). He later declares his love for Hedren; she walks away, leaving him frustrated and further rejected. Hitchcock refuses Hedren's request for time off to attend the Photoplay Awards in New York City (where she is nominated for the Most Promising Actress award), and tells her he will require her to make herself sexually available to him on demand if her career is to continue. Hedren quits working for Hitchcock after completing \"Marnie\", but he refuses to release her from her contract; this prevents her from working for another production company, effectively ending her Hollywood career. Two notes before the titles inform the viewer that Hitchcock and Hedren never worked together again, and \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\" are considered his last classic films. \"The Girl\" is based on Donald Spoto's 2009 book, \"Spellbound by Beauty: Alfred Hitchcock and His Leading Ladies\", which examines the relationships between Alfred Hitchcock and the female stars of his films. Spoto wrote that Hitchcock attempted to turn Tippi Hedren (star of \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\") into his perfect woman, choosing the clothes and lipstick he thought she should wear. Hedren told Spoto that Hitchcock fantasised about running off with her. Details of a film examining Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren were reported in December 2011. \"The Girl\", written by Gwyneth Hughes, would star Toby Jones as Hitchcock and Sienna Miller as Hedren.", "Hedren stated that she rejected Hitchcock's advances on numerous occasions. Following this supposed rejection, Hedren was injured during the filming of the phone booth attack scene, and consequently suffered cuts to her face from a pane of glass shattering on her. Further, she insisted she was misled about the logistics of the final attack sequence, where mechanical birds were replaced with real ones at the last minute. It has been suggested that \"Hitchcock's deliberate inflicting of injury was revenge for Hedren's spurning of his advances\". Hitchcock also signed Hedren to a seven-year contract, which she stated restricted her ability to work. These allegations were not brought to light until after Hitchcock's death. Although they have never been confirmed, they have widely been reported, including by Hedren's co-star, Rod Taylor. Nevertheless, some have publicly named Hedren a \"liar and fantasist\". The controversy of this relationship is explored in the 2012 HBO/BBC film, \"The Girl.\" Supposedly, Daphne du Maurier \"hated\" the Alfred Hitchcock adaptation of her short story as he moved the location from a farm in England to a sleepy beach community in Northern California. The movie references an incident that took place in Capitola, CA in August 1961 where a group of birds seemed to attack an entire community. \" Hordes of seabirds were dive-bombing their homes, crashing into cars and spewing half-digested anchovies onto lawns.\" Supposedly the birds had eaten a \"toxic\" algae which caused them to behave strangely. Actress Melanie Griffith (daughter of Tippi Hedren) claims that Hitchcock's abuse extended to her when he played a \"prank\" by gifting six-year-old Melanie with a wax figure of her mother in a miniature coffin.", "The Girl (2012 TV film) The Girl is a 2012 British television film directed by Julian Jarrold, written by Gwyneth Hughes and produced by the BBC and HBO Films. The film stars Sienna Miller as Tippi Hedren and Toby Jones as Alfred Hitchcock. It is based on Donald Spoto's 2009 book, \"Spellbound by Beauty: Alfred Hitchcock and His Leading Ladies\", which discusses the English film director Hitchcock and the women who played leading roles in his films. \" The Girl\"s title was inspired by Hitchcock's alleged nickname for Hedren. The film depicts Hitchcock's alleged obsession with Hedren, the American model and actress he brought from relative obscurity to star in his 1963 film \"The Birds\". Hitchcock becomes infatuated with his leading lady; when she rebuffs his advances, he subjects her to a series of traumatic experiences during the filming of \"The Birds\". Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren continues when she stars in his next production, \"Marnie\". Hedren grows increasingly uncomfortable with his attentions, and decides that she needs to escape the situation. However, she cannot work elsewhere because of her exclusive contract with Hitchcock; this effectively ends her Hollywood career. \"The Girl\" made its television debut in the United States on 20 October 2012 on HBO and aired in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 26 December. Jones and Miller were nominated for awards at the 2013 Golden Globe Awards and the British Academy Television Awards for their roles in the film, which received mixed reviews from critics. The \"Daily Mirror\" Jane Simon praised Miller's portrayal of Hedren. Although she endorsed the film, Hedren said its length kept it from showing some of the positive aspects of her relationship with Hitchcock. Others who knew (and worked with)", "Hitchcock criticised the film because of its portrayal of him as a sexual predator. Kim Novak (who starred in one of Hitchcock's films) and Nora Brown (widow of one of Hitchcock's close friends) disputed the film's version of events. The film is a partially fictionalised account of the relationship between Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren. In 1961, Hitchcock notices Hedren in a television commercial for a diet drink. He wants to turn her into the next Grace Kelly, with whom he had worked extensively during the 1950s. Hedren passes her screen test and is groomed for the starring role in Hitchcock's latest film, \"The Birds\"; the director instructs her about her dress and appearance. Captivated by Hedren's Nordic looks, Hitchcock becomes infatuated with her. While filming \"The Birds\", he makes physical advances to her in the back of a limousine but she rebuffs him and escapes through the back door. In retaliation for her rejection, Hitchcock exposes Hedren to terrifying encounters with birds. A mechanical bird breaks the apparently shatterproof glass of a telephone booth during filming, scratching Hedren's face with splintering glass. After arriving on set to shoot a scene where Hedren's character (Melanie Daniels) is trapped in an attic with aggressive birds, she discovers that Hitchcock has ordered the mechanical birds to be replaced with live ones. He demands the scene be repeated until he is satisfied that Hedren's reaction looks authentic. This takes a protracted several days of filming, leaving Hedren traumatised. With \"The Birds\" a box-office success, Hitchcock and Hedren begin work on \"Marnie\". However, Hedren finds the film's content (including a marital-rape scene) and Hitchcock's obsession with her mentally and emotionally exhausting."], "answer": {"text": "Hedren was invited to lunch with Hitchcock, his wife, Alma, and Lew Wasserman, head of Universal, at one of Hitchcock's favorite restaurants,", "answer_start": 11}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the movie about?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock put Hedren through an extensive color screen test that lasted two days and cost $25,000, doing scenes from his previous films,", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the movie popular", "answer": {"text": "was asked by Hitchcock to play the leading role in his upcoming film The Birds.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her role in Discovery", "answer": {"text": "It never occurred to me that I would be given a leading role in a major motion picture. I had great big tears in my eyes", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was this her first big role?", "answer": {"text": "Alfred Hitchcock who, while he was watching The Today Show, saw her in a commercial for a diet drink called Sego, she agreed to sign a seven-year contract.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#6", "question": "What other movies did she do after this", "rewrite": "Besides Discovery, what other movies did Tippi Hedren do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1952, Hedren met and married 18-year-old future advertising executive Peter Griffith. Their daughter, actress Melanie Griffith, was born on August 9, 1957. They were divorced in 1961. On September 22, 1964, Hedren married her then-agent Noel Marshall, who later produced three of her films; they divorced in 1982. In 1985, she married steel manufacturer Luis Barrenechea, but they divorced in 1995. Hedren was engaged to veterinarian Martin Dinnes from 2002 until their breakup in mid-2008. In September 2008, Hedren told The Sunday Times \"I'm waiting for someone to sweep me off my feet.\" Hedren played a role in the development of Vietnamese-American nail salons in the United States. In 1975, while an international relief coordinator with Food for the Hungry, she began visiting with refugees at Hope Village outside Sacramento, California. When she learned the women were interested in her manicured nails, she employed her manicurist to teach them the skills of the trade and worked with a local beauty school to help them find jobs. Hedren's work with the Vietnamese-Americans was the subject of Happy Hands, directed by Honey Lauren, which won Best Documentary Short at the Sonoma International Film Festival in 2014. CND and Beauty Changes Lives Foundation (BCL) have announced the BCL CND Tippi Hedren Nail Scholarship Fund to support professional nail education and will be administered starting January 1, 2014. Hedren suffered from severe and persistent headaches for a long time and therefore was unable to accept several projects, including a television series produced by and starring Betty White. After she got a titanium plate put in her neck, she improved and then agreed, with the blessing of her doctor, to take the part of a dying woman in the soap opera Fashion House.", "The director is frustrated by what he sees as Hedren's coldness towards him. During a conversation with writer Evan Hunter, Hitchcock admits that he has erectile dysfunction and his only sexual partner is his wife (screenwriter Alma Reville). He later declares his love for Hedren; she walks away, leaving him frustrated and further rejected. Hitchcock refuses Hedren's request for time off to attend the Photoplay Awards in New York City (where she is nominated for the Most Promising Actress award), and tells her he will require her to make herself sexually available to him on demand if her career is to continue. Hedren quits working for Hitchcock after completing \"Marnie\", but he refuses to release her from her contract; this prevents her from working for another production company, effectively ending her Hollywood career. Two notes before the titles inform the viewer that Hitchcock and Hedren never worked together again, and \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\" are considered his last classic films. \"The Girl\" is based on Donald Spoto's 2009 book, \"Spellbound by Beauty: Alfred Hitchcock and His Leading Ladies\", which examines the relationships between Alfred Hitchcock and the female stars of his films. Spoto wrote that Hitchcock attempted to turn Tippi Hedren (star of \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\") into his perfect woman, choosing the clothes and lipstick he thought she should wear. Hedren told Spoto that Hitchcock fantasised about running off with her. Details of a film examining Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren were reported in December 2011. \"The Girl\", written by Gwyneth Hughes, would star Toby Jones as Hitchcock and Sienna Miller as Hedren.", "Hitchcock criticised the film because of its portrayal of him as a sexual predator. Kim Novak (who starred in one of Hitchcock's films) and Nora Brown (widow of one of Hitchcock's close friends) disputed the film's version of events. The film is a partially fictionalised account of the relationship between Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren. In 1961, Hitchcock notices Hedren in a television commercial for a diet drink. He wants to turn her into the next Grace Kelly, with whom he had worked extensively during the 1950s. Hedren passes her screen test and is groomed for the starring role in Hitchcock's latest film, \"The Birds\"; the director instructs her about her dress and appearance. Captivated by Hedren's Nordic looks, Hitchcock becomes infatuated with her. While filming \"The Birds\", he makes physical advances to her in the back of a limousine but she rebuffs him and escapes through the back door. In retaliation for her rejection, Hitchcock exposes Hedren to terrifying encounters with birds. A mechanical bird breaks the apparently shatterproof glass of a telephone booth during filming, scratching Hedren's face with splintering glass. After arriving on set to shoot a scene where Hedren's character (Melanie Daniels) is trapped in an attic with aggressive birds, she discovers that Hitchcock has ordered the mechanical birds to be replaced with live ones. He demands the scene be repeated until he is satisfied that Hedren's reaction looks authentic. This takes a protracted several days of filming, leaving Hedren traumatised. With \"The Birds\" a box-office success, Hitchcock and Hedren begin work on \"Marnie\". However, Hedren finds the film's content (including a marital-rape scene) and Hitchcock's obsession with her mentally and emotionally exhausting.", "Tippi Degr\u00e9 Tippi Benjamine Okanti Degr\u00e9 (born 4 June 1990) is a French woman best known for spending her youth in Namibia among wild animals and tribes people. In 2002\u201303, she was the presenter of \"Around the World with Tippi\", six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries. Born in Windhoek, Namibia, in 1990 to wildlife photographer-filmmaker parents, Degr\u00e9 was raised in the bush for the first ten years of her life in Southern Africa. She has published books about her experiences with wild animals in the bush and with tribes people, the San Bushmen and the Himbas. She was named after the American actress Tippi Hedren. During her childhood in Namibia, Degr\u00e9 befriended animals she lived among including a 28-year old elephant Abu, a leopard nicknamed J&B, lions, giraffes, a banded mongoose, an ostrich, meerkats, a cheetah, a caracal, snakes, a giant bullfrog and chameleons. In 2000, Degr\u00e9 wrote the novel \"Tippi - My Book of Africa\", based on her life in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. In 2001, she was the Godmother of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) with the famous French actor, producer and director Jacques Perrin, in France. In 2002\u201303, Tippi presented six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries for the Discovery Channel. A documentary film on her experiences, \"Le Monde Selon Tippi\" ( \"The World According to Tippi\") was released in 1997. \"Around the World with Tippi\" was released in 2004, directed by Jeanne Mascolo de Filippis. Degr\u00e9 studied cinema and audiovisuals in France.", "In a post-production BBC press release about the film in November 2012, Hughes described her enthusiasm when she was approached about the project while on holiday: \"[I] got a phone call from producer Amanda Jenks. She only managed to get out the words 'Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren' before I was already shouting 'yes yes yes!' to this seductive, sinister, deeply touching story of love and obsession among Hollywood royalty. \" Hughes interviewed Hedren and members of Hitchcock's crew before preparing a script. She described her discussions with Hedren: \"Her wisdom and insights have helped me to put her real life ordeal on to the screen. I know Tippi is absolutely thrilled, as I am, with the casting of Sienna Miller to play her. \" The film's title was inspired by the name Hitchcock used for Hedren after she stopped working for him. Diana Cilliers designed the costumes, recreating what Hedren wore (including Melanie Daniels' green suit) in Hitchcock's films: \"[T]here were certain items that we just copiedsuch as the Birds suit and the yellow Marnie bag, but otherwise we looked at clean lines, colours. Nothing too fussy.\" Filming began on 8 December 2011. As part of her research Miller (who was in the early stages of pregnancy) spoke to Hedren several times during filming, and the two became friends. Live birds were used to recreate the filming of the attic scene in \"The Birds\". Miller told the \"Radio Times\", \"I did go through a bird attack for two hours. It pales in comparison to what [Hedren] was subjected to, but it was pretty horrible. There were men off-camera with boxes of birds, throwing seagulls and pigeons in my face\"."], "answer": {"text": "The Birds.", "answer_start": 339}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the movie about?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock put Hedren through an extensive color screen test that lasted two days and cost $25,000, doing scenes from his previous films,", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the movie popular", "answer": {"text": "was asked by Hitchcock to play the leading role in his upcoming film The Birds.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her role in Discovery", "answer": {"text": "It never occurred to me that I would be given a leading role in a major motion picture. I had great big tears in my eyes", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was this her first big role?", "answer": {"text": "Alfred Hitchcock who, while he was watching The Today Show, saw her in a commercial for a diet drink called Sego, she agreed to sign a seven-year contract.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she work for Hitchcock after this", "answer": {"text": "Hedren was invited to lunch with Hitchcock, his wife, Alma, and Lew Wasserman, head of Universal, at one of Hitchcock's favorite restaurants,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6ba25256300b41de9e4a3723a8c1ce06_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides her role in Discovery, are there any other interesting aspects about the article on Tippi Hedren?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a post-production BBC press release about the film in November 2012, Hughes described her enthusiasm when she was approached about the project while on holiday: \"[I] got a phone call from producer Amanda Jenks. She only managed to get out the words 'Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren' before I was already shouting 'yes yes yes!' to this seductive, sinister, deeply touching story of love and obsession among Hollywood royalty. \" Hughes interviewed Hedren and members of Hitchcock's crew before preparing a script. She described her discussions with Hedren: \"Her wisdom and insights have helped me to put her real life ordeal on to the screen. I know Tippi is absolutely thrilled, as I am, with the casting of Sienna Miller to play her. \" The film's title was inspired by the name Hitchcock used for Hedren after she stopped working for him. Diana Cilliers designed the costumes, recreating what Hedren wore (including Melanie Daniels' green suit) in Hitchcock's films: \"[T]here were certain items that we just copiedsuch as the Birds suit and the yellow Marnie bag, but otherwise we looked at clean lines, colours. Nothing too fussy.\" Filming began on 8 December 2011. As part of her research Miller (who was in the early stages of pregnancy) spoke to Hedren several times during filming, and the two became friends. Live birds were used to recreate the filming of the attic scene in \"The Birds\". Miller told the \"Radio Times\", \"I did go through a bird attack for two hours. It pales in comparison to what [Hedren] was subjected to, but it was pretty horrible. There were men off-camera with boxes of birds, throwing seagulls and pigeons in my face\".", "The director is frustrated by what he sees as Hedren's coldness towards him. During a conversation with writer Evan Hunter, Hitchcock admits that he has erectile dysfunction and his only sexual partner is his wife (screenwriter Alma Reville). He later declares his love for Hedren; she walks away, leaving him frustrated and further rejected. Hitchcock refuses Hedren's request for time off to attend the Photoplay Awards in New York City (where she is nominated for the Most Promising Actress award), and tells her he will require her to make herself sexually available to him on demand if her career is to continue. Hedren quits working for Hitchcock after completing \"Marnie\", but he refuses to release her from her contract; this prevents her from working for another production company, effectively ending her Hollywood career. Two notes before the titles inform the viewer that Hitchcock and Hedren never worked together again, and \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\" are considered his last classic films. \"The Girl\" is based on Donald Spoto's 2009 book, \"Spellbound by Beauty: Alfred Hitchcock and His Leading Ladies\", which examines the relationships between Alfred Hitchcock and the female stars of his films. Spoto wrote that Hitchcock attempted to turn Tippi Hedren (star of \"The Birds\" and \"Marnie\") into his perfect woman, choosing the clothes and lipstick he thought she should wear. Hedren told Spoto that Hitchcock fantasised about running off with her. Details of a film examining Hitchcock's obsession with Hedren were reported in December 2011. \"The Girl\", written by Gwyneth Hughes, would star Toby Jones as Hitchcock and Sienna Miller as Hedren.", "Hitchcock criticised the film because of its portrayal of him as a sexual predator. Kim Novak (who starred in one of Hitchcock's films) and Nora Brown (widow of one of Hitchcock's close friends) disputed the film's version of events. The film is a partially fictionalised account of the relationship between Alfred Hitchcock and Tippi Hedren. In 1961, Hitchcock notices Hedren in a television commercial for a diet drink. He wants to turn her into the next Grace Kelly, with whom he had worked extensively during the 1950s. Hedren passes her screen test and is groomed for the starring role in Hitchcock's latest film, \"The Birds\"; the director instructs her about her dress and appearance. Captivated by Hedren's Nordic looks, Hitchcock becomes infatuated with her. While filming \"The Birds\", he makes physical advances to her in the back of a limousine but she rebuffs him and escapes through the back door. In retaliation for her rejection, Hitchcock exposes Hedren to terrifying encounters with birds. A mechanical bird breaks the apparently shatterproof glass of a telephone booth during filming, scratching Hedren's face with splintering glass. After arriving on set to shoot a scene where Hedren's character (Melanie Daniels) is trapped in an attic with aggressive birds, she discovers that Hitchcock has ordered the mechanical birds to be replaced with live ones. He demands the scene be repeated until he is satisfied that Hedren's reaction looks authentic. This takes a protracted several days of filming, leaving Hedren traumatised. With \"The Birds\" a box-office success, Hitchcock and Hedren begin work on \"Marnie\". However, Hedren finds the film's content (including a marital-rape scene) and Hitchcock's obsession with her mentally and emotionally exhausting.", "In 1952, Hedren met and married 18-year-old future advertising executive Peter Griffith. Their daughter, actress Melanie Griffith, was born on August 9, 1957. They were divorced in 1961. On September 22, 1964, Hedren married her then-agent Noel Marshall, who later produced three of her films; they divorced in 1982. In 1985, she married steel manufacturer Luis Barrenechea, but they divorced in 1995. Hedren was engaged to veterinarian Martin Dinnes from 2002 until their breakup in mid-2008. In September 2008, Hedren told The Sunday Times \"I'm waiting for someone to sweep me off my feet.\" Hedren played a role in the development of Vietnamese-American nail salons in the United States. In 1975, while an international relief coordinator with Food for the Hungry, she began visiting with refugees at Hope Village outside Sacramento, California. When she learned the women were interested in her manicured nails, she employed her manicurist to teach them the skills of the trade and worked with a local beauty school to help them find jobs. Hedren's work with the Vietnamese-Americans was the subject of Happy Hands, directed by Honey Lauren, which won Best Documentary Short at the Sonoma International Film Festival in 2014. CND and Beauty Changes Lives Foundation (BCL) have announced the BCL CND Tippi Hedren Nail Scholarship Fund to support professional nail education and will be administered starting January 1, 2014. Hedren suffered from severe and persistent headaches for a long time and therefore was unable to accept several projects, including a television series produced by and starring Betty White. After she got a titanium plate put in her neck, she improved and then agreed, with the blessing of her doctor, to take the part of a dying woman in the soap opera Fashion House.", "Tippi Degr\u00e9 Tippi Benjamine Okanti Degr\u00e9 (born 4 June 1990) is a French woman best known for spending her youth in Namibia among wild animals and tribes people. In 2002\u201303, she was the presenter of \"Around the World with Tippi\", six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries. Born in Windhoek, Namibia, in 1990 to wildlife photographer-filmmaker parents, Degr\u00e9 was raised in the bush for the first ten years of her life in Southern Africa. She has published books about her experiences with wild animals in the bush and with tribes people, the San Bushmen and the Himbas. She was named after the American actress Tippi Hedren. During her childhood in Namibia, Degr\u00e9 befriended animals she lived among including a 28-year old elephant Abu, a leopard nicknamed J&B, lions, giraffes, a banded mongoose, an ostrich, meerkats, a cheetah, a caracal, snakes, a giant bullfrog and chameleons. In 2000, Degr\u00e9 wrote the novel \"Tippi - My Book of Africa\", based on her life in Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Madagascar. In 2001, she was the Godmother of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) with the famous French actor, producer and director Jacques Perrin, in France. In 2002\u201303, Tippi presented six wildlife and environmental TV documentaries for the Discovery Channel. A documentary film on her experiences, \"Le Monde Selon Tippi\" ( \"The World According to Tippi\") was released in 1997. \"Around the World with Tippi\" was released in 2004, directed by Jeanne Mascolo de Filippis. Degr\u00e9 studied cinema and audiovisuals in France."], "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock asked costume designer Edith Head to design clothes for Hedren's private life and he personally advised her about wine and food.", "answer_start": 1209}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Discovery (1961)?", "answer": {"text": "On October 13, 1961, she received a call from an agent who told her a producer was interested in working with her. When she was told it was Alfred Hitchcock", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the movie about?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock put Hedren through an extensive color screen test that lasted two days and cost $25,000, doing scenes from his previous films,", "answer_start": 862, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the movie popular", "answer": {"text": "was asked by Hitchcock to play the leading role in his upcoming film The Birds.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her role in Discovery", "answer": {"text": "It never occurred to me that I would be given a leading role in a major motion picture. I had great big tears in my eyes", "answer_start": 369, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was this her first big role?", "answer": {"text": "Alfred Hitchcock who, while he was watching The Today Show, saw her in a commercial for a diet drink called Sego, she agreed to sign a seven-year contract.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she work for Hitchcock after this", "answer": {"text": "Hedren was invited to lunch with Hitchcock, his wife, Alma, and Lew Wasserman, head of Universal, at one of Hitchcock's favorite restaurants,", "answer_start": 11, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other movies did she do after this", "answer": {"text": "The Birds.", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#0", "question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "rewrite": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail...", "John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada.", "A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer).", "Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas.", "Down on Me (traditional song) \"Down on Me\" is a traditional freedom song from the 1920s or earlier that became popular following its remake by Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company. Several early recordings and field recordings exist: The lyrics of the freedom song are darker than the later Joplin lyrics. For example, the second stanza of jazz versions and Dock Reed's version run: Janis Joplin rearranged the song and created new lyrics. The song was originally released in the summer of 1967 and was featured on the band's debut album \"Big Brother & the Holding Company\". The song would reach #42 on the charts, barely missing the Top 40 mark. A live, more aggressive version is featured on the posthumously released live album \"In Concert\" and the 1973 collection \"Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits\". This version was also released as a single, reaching #91 on the charts in 1972. The third and final stanza of Joplin's version ends with a positive message: Joplin's version was covered by Jeany Reynolds in 1970."], "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#1", "question": "did he have any siblings", "rewrite": "Did Janis Joplin have any siblings", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail...", "Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas.", "A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer).", "Down on Me (traditional song) \"Down on Me\" is a traditional freedom song from the 1920s or earlier that became popular following its remake by Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company. Several early recordings and field recordings exist: The lyrics of the freedom song are darker than the later Joplin lyrics. For example, the second stanza of jazz versions and Dock Reed's version run: Janis Joplin rearranged the song and created new lyrics. The song was originally released in the summer of 1967 and was featured on the band's debut album \"Big Brother & the Holding Company\". The song would reach #42 on the charts, barely missing the Top 40 mark. A live, more aggressive version is featured on the posthumously released live album \"In Concert\" and the 1973 collection \"Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits\". This version was also released as a single, reaching #91 on the charts in 1972. The third and final stanza of Joplin's version ends with a positive message: Joplin's version was covered by Jeany Reynolds in 1970.", "John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada."], "answer": {"text": "She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.", "answer_start": 223}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#2", "question": "what was her childhood like", "rewrite": "What was Janis Joplin's childhood like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer).", "In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail...", "Down on Me (traditional song) \"Down on Me\" is a traditional freedom song from the 1920s or earlier that became popular following its remake by Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company. Several early recordings and field recordings exist: The lyrics of the freedom song are darker than the later Joplin lyrics. For example, the second stanza of jazz versions and Dock Reed's version run: Janis Joplin rearranged the song and created new lyrics. The song was originally released in the summer of 1967 and was featured on the band's debut album \"Big Brother & the Holding Company\". The song would reach #42 on the charts, barely missing the Top 40 mark. A live, more aggressive version is featured on the posthumously released live album \"In Concert\" and the 1973 collection \"Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits\". This version was also released as a single, reaching #91 on the charts in 1972. The third and final stanza of Joplin's version ends with a positive message: Joplin's version was covered by Jeany Reynolds in 1970.", "John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada.", "Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas."], "answer": {"text": "Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children.", "answer_start": 332}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings", "answer": {"text": "She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#3", "question": "why did she need more attention than them", "rewrite": "Why did Janis Joplin need more attention than her siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada.", "Down on Me (traditional song) \"Down on Me\" is a traditional freedom song from the 1920s or earlier that became popular following its remake by Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company. Several early recordings and field recordings exist: The lyrics of the freedom song are darker than the later Joplin lyrics. For example, the second stanza of jazz versions and Dock Reed's version run: Janis Joplin rearranged the song and created new lyrics. The song was originally released in the summer of 1967 and was featured on the band's debut album \"Big Brother & the Holding Company\". The song would reach #42 on the charts, barely missing the Top 40 mark. A live, more aggressive version is featured on the posthumously released live album \"In Concert\" and the 1973 collection \"Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits\". This version was also released as a single, reaching #91 on the charts in 1972. The third and final stanza of Joplin's version ends with a positive message: Joplin's version was covered by Jeany Reynolds in 1970.", "A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer).", "Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas.", "In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail..."], "answer": {"text": "Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne,", "answer_start": 706}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings", "answer": {"text": "She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her childhood like", "answer": {"text": "Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children.", "answer_start": 332, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#4", "question": "what else happened to her as a child", "rewrite": "What else happened to Janis Joplin as a child besides receiving more attention?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas.", "Down on Me (traditional song) \"Down on Me\" is a traditional freedom song from the 1920s or earlier that became popular following its remake by Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company. Several early recordings and field recordings exist: The lyrics of the freedom song are darker than the later Joplin lyrics. For example, the second stanza of jazz versions and Dock Reed's version run: Janis Joplin rearranged the song and created new lyrics. The song was originally released in the summer of 1967 and was featured on the band's debut album \"Big Brother & the Holding Company\". The song would reach #42 on the charts, barely missing the Top 40 mark. A live, more aggressive version is featured on the posthumously released live album \"In Concert\" and the 1973 collection \"Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits\". This version was also released as a single, reaching #91 on the charts in 1972. The third and final stanza of Joplin's version ends with a positive message: Joplin's version was covered by Jeany Reynolds in 1970.", "John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada.", "In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail...", "A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer)."], "answer": {"text": "As a teenager, Joplin befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Lead Belly,", "answer_start": 409}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings", "answer": {"text": "She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her childhood like", "answer": {"text": "Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children.", "answer_start": 332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she need more attention than them", "answer": {"text": "Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#5", "question": "did she have any accomplishments as a kid", "rewrite": "Did Janis Joplin have any accomplishments as a kid?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail...", "John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada.", "A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer).", "Down on Me (traditional song) \"Down on Me\" is a traditional freedom song from the 1920s or earlier that became popular following its remake by Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company. Several early recordings and field recordings exist: The lyrics of the freedom song are darker than the later Joplin lyrics. For example, the second stanza of jazz versions and Dock Reed's version run: Janis Joplin rearranged the song and created new lyrics. The song was originally released in the summer of 1967 and was featured on the band's debut album \"Big Brother & the Holding Company\". The song would reach #42 on the charts, barely missing the Top 40 mark. A live, more aggressive version is featured on the posthumously released live album \"In Concert\" and the 1973 collection \"Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits\". This version was also released as a single, reaching #91 on the charts in 1972. The third and final stanza of Joplin's version ends with a positive message: Joplin's version was covered by Jeany Reynolds in 1970.", "Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas."], "answer": {"text": "Joplin graduated from high school in 1960", "answer_start": 1088}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings", "answer": {"text": "She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her childhood like", "answer": {"text": "Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children.", "answer_start": 332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she need more attention than them", "answer": {"text": "Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else happened to her as a child", "answer": {"text": "As a teenager, Joplin befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Lead Belly,", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#6", "question": "what else went wrong in her childhood", "rewrite": "What else went wrong in Janis Joplin's childhood besides being bullied, being overweight, and suffering from acne?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada.", "Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas.", "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)January 19, 1943, to Dorothy Bonita East (1913-1998), a registrar at a business college, and her husband, Seth Ward Joplin (1910-1987), an engineer at Texaco. She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura. The family belonged to the Churches of Christ denomination. Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children. As a teenager, Joplin befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Lead Belly, whom Joplin later credited with influencing her decision to become a singer. She began singing blues and folk music with friends at Thomas Jefferson High School. Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne, leaving her with deep scars that required dermabrasion. Other kids at high school would routinely taunt her and call her names like \"pig\", \"freak\", \"nigger lover\", or \"creep\". She stated, \"I was a misfit. I read, I painted, I thought. I didn't hate niggers.\" Joplin graduated from high school in 1960 and attended Lamar State College of Technology in Beaumont, Texas, during the summer and later the University of Texas at Austin (UT), though she did not complete her college studies. The campus newspaper, The Daily Texan, ran a profile of her in the issue dated July 27, 1962, headlined \"She Dares to Be Different.\"", "A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer).", "In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail..."], "answer": {"text": "Other kids at high school would routinely taunt her and call her names like \"pig\", \"freak\", \"nigger lover\", or \"creep\".", "answer_start": 885}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings", "answer": {"text": "She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her childhood like", "answer": {"text": "Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children.", "answer_start": 332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she need more attention than them", "answer": {"text": "Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else happened to her as a child", "answer": {"text": "As a teenager, Joplin befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Lead Belly,", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she have any accomplishments as a kid", "answer": {"text": "Joplin graduated from high school in 1960", "answer_start": 1088, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e67a6494e12f48e39fceae5d4a32ef7a_1_q#7", "question": "did she have any romances", "rewrite": "Did Janis Joplin have any romances?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Down on Me (traditional song) \"Down on Me\" is a traditional freedom song from the 1920s or earlier that became popular following its remake by Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company. Several early recordings and field recordings exist: The lyrics of the freedom song are darker than the later Joplin lyrics. For example, the second stanza of jazz versions and Dock Reed's version run: Janis Joplin rearranged the song and created new lyrics. The song was originally released in the summer of 1967 and was featured on the band's debut album \"Big Brother & the Holding Company\". The song would reach #42 on the charts, barely missing the Top 40 mark. A live, more aggressive version is featured on the posthumously released live album \"In Concert\" and the 1973 collection \"Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits\". This version was also released as a single, reaching #91 on the charts in 1972. The third and final stanza of Joplin's version ends with a positive message: Joplin's version was covered by Jeany Reynolds in 1970.", "John Till John Till (born December 24, 1945 in Stratford, Ontario) is a Canadian musician. Till played in local bands until the early 1960s when he was picked to play in Ronnie Hawkins band The Hawks, to replace previous members who had left to tour with Bob Dylan (see The Band). After touring with Hawkins, the members of this band moved to New York City to try to establish themselves as musicians in the larger US market. Till became a studio musician and was doing commercial sessions. While doing this commercial work, Till was hired as a touring musician, working for Janis Joplin on her Full Tillt Boogie Band, as a side project with Till's fellow Canadian band members. This group had been playing mostly in the local New York Area, but when Janis Joplin's management convinced her to discard Big Brother and the Holding Company as her backing band, her record label put together a new group of musicians for her. This group, The Kozmic Blues Band, was a group of studio musicians that Joplin's label were familiar with and could depend on. This group recorded \"I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!\", which was released in 1969. Janis Joplin's Kozmik Blues Band were the group Joplin performed with at the original Woodstock concert; however, Joplin was not happy touring with some of the members of this group, feeling some of them to be too \"square\". Joplin and her management then hired Till, bass player Brad Campbell, as well as pianist Ken Pearson (from nearby Woodstock, Ontario), to fill out her new band, called \"Full Tilt Boogie\". The band appeared on \"The Dick Cavett Show\" and were booked on the Festival Express which toured across Canada.", "Janis (film) Janis is a 1974 American documentary film about the rock singer Janis Joplin. The film was directed by Howard Alk with a lot of assistance from Albert Grossman, Joplin's manager. It was available on videocassette in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, but DVD versions have been released only in France, Belgium and the Netherlands. In late 2011, it was added to Hulu's movie collection for online viewing. Part of the film soundtrack is included on the 1975 album \"Janis\". The film consists entirely of archival footage of Joplin. It includes rehearsals, her June 25, 1970 appearance on \"The Dick Cavett Show\", footage from her Woodstock performance in 1969 (dancing with her band's saxophone player during an instrumental break), and another television segment videotaped in black & white in April 1967 before she became famous. A lot of screen time is devoted to Joplin's 1969 European tour, including an interview with Joplin during her stay in Stockholm and the ecstatic reaction of a clean-cut female fan in Frankfurt when she sees Joplin through the window of her tour bus before the concert starts. (The American fan, who reveals on camera that she is the wife of a U.S. Army officer stationed in Germany, is later seen with several German youths dancing on stage with Joplin.) Laura Joplin, the star's younger sister who contributed to the hit off-Broadway play \"Love, Janis\" (which was based on Laura's book of the same name), is seen and heard talking to Janis in television news footage from the ten-year reunion of Thomas Jefferson High School's class of 1960. Janis had graduated with the 1960 class of this high school in Port Arthur, Texas.", "A Night with Janis Joplin A Night with Janis Joplin is a Broadway musical that includes works of singer-songwriter Janis Joplin (1943\u20131970). After 22 previews, it officially opened at the Lyceum Theatre on October 10, 2013, and closed in February, after 141 performances. The musical is presented as Janis Joplin, backed by a band of hippies, performing a concert in 1970, shortly before she in fact died of drug overdose, at age 27. Among other reviews, \"The New York Post\" characterized it as sanitizing Janis Joplin and serving as a vehicle for \"power-piped\" Mary Bridget Davies to mostly \"stick to the music\". Its Broadway run was a $3.9 million production, and $650,000 was budgeted for an Off-Broadway run that was scheduled to open at the Gramercy Theatre. The revival, however, was abruptly cancelled in April 2014, two days before it was to open. The show performed on tour, including in Pasadena, California. Producers of the original Broadway production include: Daniel Chilewich, Todd Gershwin, Michael Cohl, Jeffrey Jampol, TCG Entertainment LLC, Red Tail Entertainment, Stephen Tenenbaum, Richard Winkler, Michael J. Moritz Jr., Corey Brunish, Brisa Trinchero, Ginger Productions, Bill Ham, Claudio Loureiro, Keith Mardak, Ragovoy Entertainment LLC, Bob & Laurie Wolf, Neil Kahanovitz, Mike Stoller, Corky Hale Stroller, Darren P. Deverna, Susan DuBow, Tanya Grubich, Jeremiah J. Harris, Jerry Rosenberg, AJ Michaels, Herb Spivak, Red Awning (Executive Producer), and Nicole Kastrinos (Executive Producer).", "In 2001, Kacee joined the cast of the Off-Broadway stage production \"Love, Janis\", playing the lead role in the rock musical based on the life and music of Janis Joplin. She performed in the production at the San Diego Repertory Theatre in both 2001 and 2002, where the Los Angeles Times said, \"Joplin's mannerisms and her mix of sweetness and vulgarity were captured to near perfection...by Kacee...\" She joined the cast once again in 2007 at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre, where The Broadway Blog review said \"Clanton literally brought the crowd to our feet with her exacting portrayal of Janis' music and fervent performance style. \" In 2009, she performed the show at The Downstairs Cabaret Theatre (Rochester, NY). Kacee appeared in \"Repartee '07: A Theatrical Review\" at the Kansas City Repertory Theatre in 2007, \"Bandage: the Rock Opera\" at the House of Blues in West Hollywood, CA in 2008, and \"Your Town Follies\", a Cirque Comique, at El Portal Theatre in No. Hollywood, CA in 2010. In 2013 Kacee joined the regional stage production of \"One Night With Janis Joplin\" at Zach Theatre and San Jose Repertory Theatre, playing the lead role as Janis Joplin, before joining the Broadway cast of the renamed production, \"A Night With Janis Joplin\" as the alternate lead, alongside Tony nominated Mary Bridget Davies, at the Lyceum Theatre (Broadway). The production closed February 2014. Kacee performed for thousands and received rave reviews. \"Tears rolled down my cheeks when Kacee Clanton poured her heart into 'Summertime'... Her phrasings were perfect - the soulful wail..."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Janis Joplin born?", "answer": {"text": "Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings", "answer": {"text": "She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her childhood like", "answer": {"text": "Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children.", "answer_start": 332, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she need more attention than them", "answer": {"text": "Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne,", "answer_start": 706, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else happened to her as a child", "answer": {"text": "As a teenager, Joplin befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Lead Belly,", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she have any accomplishments as a kid", "answer": {"text": "Joplin graduated from high school in 1960", "answer_start": 1088, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else went wrong in her childhood", "answer": {"text": "Other kids at high school would routinely taunt her and call her names like \"pig\", \"freak\", \"nigger lover\", or \"creep\".", "answer_start": 885, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b7433780884541c684dc71b044a3aba4_0_q#0", "question": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "rewrite": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Wayne Airport John Wayne Airport is a commercial and general aviation airport that serves Orange County, California, and the Greater Los Angeles area. The airport is located in an unincorporated area of Orange County surrounded by the cities of Irvine, Newport Beach, and Costa Mesa, and is owned and operated by the county. Originally named Orange County Airport, the Orange County Board of Supervisors renamed the airport in 1979 in honor of actor John Wayne, who lived in neighboring Newport Beach and died that year. A statue of John Wayne was installed at the airline terminal in 1982. John Wayne Airport is the sole commercial airport in Orange County. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015 categorized it as a \"primary commercial service\" airport since it has over 10,000 passenger boardings per year. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,584,147 enplanements in calendar year 2014, an increase from 4,450,628 in 2013. In 2014, John Wayne Airport was the second busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles area (by passenger count) with over 9 million total passengers. , the largest airlines at John Wayne Airport were Southwest Airlines, American Airlines, United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. In addition to the airline terminal, several facilities at the airport serve the general aviation and corporate aviation community. General aviation operations outnumber commercial operations. The only other general aviation airport in Orange County is Fullerton Municipal Airport. John Wayne Airport has two runways. The main runway, 2L/20R, at in length, is one of the shortest of any major airport in the United States, and passenger airliners at the airport have never been larger than the Boeing 757 (though some larger cargo aircraft fly from SNA, such as the FedEx A300/310). Runway 2R/20L is long and serves general aviation aircraft.", "John Wayne Shot Me John Wayne Shot Me was an indie band from Ammerzoden, the Netherlands. John Wayne Shot Me was formed by Thijs van den Broek in 1998, originally as a one-man recording only project. When his songs received positive reviews in several small underground music magazines, John Wayne Shot Me was asked to perform live. Thijs then decided to form a band with his friends Merijn van Pelt, Geert van Beers and his sister Marieke van den Broek. Soon the band signed to the Belgian label Ines Boukov/62TV Records and many releases and shows all over Europe followed. Allegedly due to a legal issue about their bandname with the inheritors of the late actor Marion Michael Morrison, also known as John Wayne, the band decided to split up in December 2006 . They played their last concert in 's-Hertogenbosch, the city where the bandmembers met in highschool. John Wayne Shot Me was known for their short melodic twisted popsongs about love, technology and monsters. Most songs featured (samples of) toy instruments and outdated gameconsoles. The band released 3 albums and some singles, including a split 7\" with the Californian band Grandaddy. The band also worked with Kimya Dawson, Julia P Hersheimer, Austin Lace and many others. Occasionally the following people are mentioned as band members as well: Exclusive tracks on compilations:", "John Wayne (song)  \" John Wayne\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga, for her fifth studio album, \"Joanne\" (2016). Gaga co-wrote and co-produced the track with Mark Ronson and BloodPop, with additional writing from Josh Homme who also played guitar. \" John Wayne\" is a pop rock song that features elements of country, disco, funk, and house music. It derives its name from American actor John Wayne, who was known for his roles in Western films. The lyrics talk about Gaga's romantic craving for a wild, blue-collar man and smoking cannabis. Some critics felt that \"John Wayne\" might portray Gaga's relationship with her ex-fianc\u00e9 Taylor Kinney. Reviewers noted the song's tongue-in-cheek lyrics, and some of them criticized its musical composition. The song had minor chart placements in Hungary and the United Kingdom. Jonas \u00c5kerlund directed the song's accompanying music video released on February 8, 2017, through Apple Music. It continues a storyline that started with the videos for singles \"Perfect Illusion\" and \"Million Reasons\", and portrays Gaga in different action-packed sequences. The clip received positive feedback for hearkening back to Gaga's older videos, and taking inspiration from action films. Gaga performed \"John Wayne\" as part of her set at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016, the 2017 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, and at the Joanne World Tour (2017\u20132018). Lady Gaga recorded \"John Wayne\" at four locations in the United States. She began recording at Shangri-La Studios, in Malibu, California, with Joshua Blair, assisted by David Covell. They also recorded the song at Pink Duck Studios in Burbank, California, with Justin Smith. He continued recording at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, assisted by Barry McCready.", "John Wayne Elementary School John Wayne Elementary School (P.S. 380), is an elementary school, located at 370 Marcy Avenue, Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Dedicated in honor of John Wayne on October 28, 1982, \"John Wayne Elementary School Day\". John Wayne's seven children attended the dedication. Inside the school is a 38-foot mosaic mural commission by New York artist Knox Martin entitled \"John Wayne and the American Frontier\". John Wayne Elementary School was in the news in 2007 when it was reported that \"Subway Hero\" Wesley Autrey was working at the school.", "Patrick Wayne Patrick John Morrison (born July 15, 1939), better known by his stage name Patrick Wayne, is an American actor, the second son of movie star John Wayne and his first wife, Josephine Alicia Saenz. He made over 40 films, including eleven with his father. Later in his career, Wayne became a game show host with \"The Monte Carlo Show\" and later \"Tic-Tac-Dough\". Born in Los Angeles, he is one of John Wayne's four children by his first wife, Josephine Alicia Saenz, daughter of Panama's Consul General to the U.S. He adopted his father's stage surname, Wayne. He made eleven movies with his father: \"Rio Grande\" (1950), \"The Quiet Man\" (1952), \"The Searchers\" (1956), \"The Alamo\" (1960), \"The Comancheros\" (1961), \"Donovan's Reef\" (1963), \"McLintock!\" (1963), \"The Green Berets\" (1968) and \"Big Jake\" (1971). Patrick made his film debut at age 11 in his father's film \"Rio Grande\". He followed that with films directed by family friend and iconic director John Ford: \"The Quiet Man\" (1952) , \"The Sun Shines Bright\" (1953), \"The Long Gray Line\" (1955), \"Mister Roberts\" (1955) and \"The Searchers\" (1956). Other television work included the baseball teleplay \"Rookie of the Year\" (1955), directed by John Ford and starring John Wayne, and \"Flashing Spikes\" (1962), a baseball television anthology installment directed by Ford and starring James Stewart, with John Wayne in an extended cameo role. Patrick Wayne played similar roles in both shows as baseball players."], "answer": {"text": "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969).", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b7433780884541c684dc71b044a3aba4_0_q#1", "question": "did he do any othe rmovies?", "rewrite": "Did John Wayne do any other rmovies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["John Wayne (song)  \" John Wayne\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga, for her fifth studio album, \"Joanne\" (2016). Gaga co-wrote and co-produced the track with Mark Ronson and BloodPop, with additional writing from Josh Homme who also played guitar. \" John Wayne\" is a pop rock song that features elements of country, disco, funk, and house music. It derives its name from American actor John Wayne, who was known for his roles in Western films. The lyrics talk about Gaga's romantic craving for a wild, blue-collar man and smoking cannabis. Some critics felt that \"John Wayne\" might portray Gaga's relationship with her ex-fianc\u00e9 Taylor Kinney. Reviewers noted the song's tongue-in-cheek lyrics, and some of them criticized its musical composition. The song had minor chart placements in Hungary and the United Kingdom. Jonas \u00c5kerlund directed the song's accompanying music video released on February 8, 2017, through Apple Music. It continues a storyline that started with the videos for singles \"Perfect Illusion\" and \"Million Reasons\", and portrays Gaga in different action-packed sequences. The clip received positive feedback for hearkening back to Gaga's older videos, and taking inspiration from action films. Gaga performed \"John Wayne\" as part of her set at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016, the 2017 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, and at the Joanne World Tour (2017\u20132018). Lady Gaga recorded \"John Wayne\" at four locations in the United States. She began recording at Shangri-La Studios, in Malibu, California, with Joshua Blair, assisted by David Covell. They also recorded the song at Pink Duck Studios in Burbank, California, with Justin Smith. He continued recording at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, assisted by Barry McCready.", "Ethan Wayne John Ethan Wayne Jr. (born February 22, 1962) is an American actor. The son of actor John Wayne and his third wife, Pilar Pallete, he grew up in Newport Beach, California, where he shared his father's love of the ocean and outdoors. His name was chosen in direct relation to John Wayne's character in \"The Searchers\" (\"Ethan Edwards\"). He played Little Jake, the grandson of his father's title character in \"Big Jake\". Ethan started doing stunt work after the death of his father in 1979. His first film was \"The Blues Brothers\". He then went back to work as an actor. His next two major film appearances were both in 1981, in the comedy \"Longshot\", and the slasher film \"Scream\". Later works included a role, in the NBC TV movie \"The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory\", as Edward Taylor in 1986, Storm Logan on the CBS soap opera \" The Bold and the Beautiful\" (with Robert Mitchum's granddaughter Carrie Mitchum, whom he had met on the \"Big Jake\" set), 1987-88 which led to a lot of work overseas, and his role as Officer Matt Doyle on \"The New Adam-12\" (Universal Studios) 1989 through 1991. He appeared as an expert on John Wayne memorabilia on History Channel's \"Pawn Stars\" in the episode \"Dog Day Afternoon\" which aired January 14, 2014. He now manages John Wayne Enterprises and serves as the director of the John Wayne Cancer Foundation and created its Team DUKE fundraising program.", "John Wayne Elementary School John Wayne Elementary School (P.S. 380), is an elementary school, located at 370 Marcy Avenue, Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Dedicated in honor of John Wayne on October 28, 1982, \"John Wayne Elementary School Day\". John Wayne's seven children attended the dedication. Inside the school is a 38-foot mosaic mural commission by New York artist Knox Martin entitled \"John Wayne and the American Frontier\". John Wayne Elementary School was in the news in 2007 when it was reported that \"Subway Hero\" Wesley Autrey was working at the school.", "John Wayne Shot Me John Wayne Shot Me was an indie band from Ammerzoden, the Netherlands. John Wayne Shot Me was formed by Thijs van den Broek in 1998, originally as a one-man recording only project. When his songs received positive reviews in several small underground music magazines, John Wayne Shot Me was asked to perform live. Thijs then decided to form a band with his friends Merijn van Pelt, Geert van Beers and his sister Marieke van den Broek. Soon the band signed to the Belgian label Ines Boukov/62TV Records and many releases and shows all over Europe followed. Allegedly due to a legal issue about their bandname with the inheritors of the late actor Marion Michael Morrison, also known as John Wayne, the band decided to split up in December 2006 . They played their last concert in 's-Hertogenbosch, the city where the bandmembers met in highschool. John Wayne Shot Me was known for their short melodic twisted popsongs about love, technology and monsters. Most songs featured (samples of) toy instruments and outdated gameconsoles. The band released 3 albums and some singles, including a split 7\" with the Californian band Grandaddy. The band also worked with Kimya Dawson, Julia P Hersheimer, Austin Lace and many others. Occasionally the following people are mentioned as band members as well: Exclusive tracks on compilations:", "John Wayne Airport John Wayne Airport is a commercial and general aviation airport that serves Orange County, California, and the Greater Los Angeles area. The airport is located in an unincorporated area of Orange County surrounded by the cities of Irvine, Newport Beach, and Costa Mesa, and is owned and operated by the county. Originally named Orange County Airport, the Orange County Board of Supervisors renamed the airport in 1979 in honor of actor John Wayne, who lived in neighboring Newport Beach and died that year. A statue of John Wayne was installed at the airline terminal in 1982. John Wayne Airport is the sole commercial airport in Orange County. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015 categorized it as a \"primary commercial service\" airport since it has over 10,000 passenger boardings per year. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,584,147 enplanements in calendar year 2014, an increase from 4,450,628 in 2013. In 2014, John Wayne Airport was the second busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles area (by passenger count) with over 9 million total passengers. , the largest airlines at John Wayne Airport were Southwest Airlines, American Airlines, United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. In addition to the airline terminal, several facilities at the airport serve the general aviation and corporate aviation community. General aviation operations outnumber commercial operations. The only other general aviation airport in Orange County is Fullerton Municipal Airport. John Wayne Airport has two runways. The main runway, 2L/20R, at in length, is one of the shortest of any major airport in the United States, and passenger airliners at the airport have never been larger than the Boeing 757 (though some larger cargo aircraft fly from SNA, such as the FedEx A300/310). Runway 2R/20L is long and serves general aviation aircraft."], "answer": {"text": "Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974).", "answer_start": 548}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "answer": {"text": "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b7433780884541c684dc71b044a3aba4_0_q#2", "question": "did he recieve any other awards?", "rewrite": "Besides the Oscar for Best Actor in True Grit, did John Wayne receive any other awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["True Grit (novel) True Grit is a 1968 novel by Charles Portis that was first published as a 1968 serial in \"The Saturday Evening Post\". The novel is told from the perspective of a woman named Mattie Ross, who recounts the time when she was 14 and sought retribution for the murder of her father by a scoundrel, Tom Chaney. It is considered by some critics to be \"one of the great American novels.\" The novel was adapted for the screenplay of the 1969 film \"True Grit\" starring Kim Darby, Glen Campbell, and John Wayne. Six years later, in 1975, Wayne reprised his Academy Award-winning role as the tough hard drinking one-eyed lawman in the sequel film \"Rooster Cogburn\". In 2010, Joel and Ethan Coen wrote and directed another film adaption of the same name. In November 2010, The Overlook Press published a movie tie-in edition of the second film version of \"True Grit\". The novel is narrated by Mattie Ross, churchgoing elderly spinster distinguished by intelligence, independence, and strength of mind. She recounts the story of her adventures many years earlier, at 14, when she undertook a quest to avenge her father's death at the hands of a drifter named Tom Chaney. She is joined on her quest by Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn and a Texas Ranger named LaBoeuf (pronounced \"La-beef\"). As Mattie's tale begins, Chaney is employed on the Ross's family farm in West-Central Arkansas, near the town of Dardanelle in Yell County. Chaney is not adept as a farmhand, and Mattie has only scorn for him, referring to him as \"trash\" and noting that her kind-hearted father Frank only hired him out of pity.", "List of accolades received by True Grit \"True Grit\" is a 2010 American Western film directed by the Coen brothers. It is the second adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, which was previously released in 1969 featuring John Wayne. The 2010 version stars Jeff Bridges, Hailee Steinfeld and Matt Damon. It was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada on December 22, 2010, grossing over USD $25.6 million at the box office, twice its pre-release projections, in its opening weekend. Since then it has made over USD $171 million domestically and USD $249 million worldwide. The film was well received by movie critics, with an approval rating of 96 percent on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. It has appeared in more than a dozen movie reviewers' Top Ten lists for the best movies of the year. \"True Grit\" has received honors in different categories, ranging from recognition of the movie itself, to its direction, art direction, cinematography, score and writing, as well as for performances by the cast, mainly Bridges for Best Actor and Steinfeld for Best Supporting Actress. The Coen's work on \"True Grit\"'s screenplay scored them a nomination from the Writers Guild of America, but lost to Aaron Sorkin for \"The Social Network\". Deakins' work on \"True Grit\"s cinematography earned him more than ten nominations, including an award from the Boston Society of Film Critics. The Cinema Audio Society Awards presented Peter F. Kurland, Skip Lievsay, Craig Berkey and Greg Orloff their Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures honor in 2011. The 83rd Academy Awards nominated the movie for ten of its accolades, but \"True Grit\" failed to win any awards. Among the nominations were Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay,", "They repeatedly try to lose her, but she persists in following them and seeing her transaction with Marshal Cogburn through to the end. Eventually, she is jumped by Cogburn and LaBoeuf, who had hidden themselves from view, and LaBoeuf begins to spank Mattie. Mattie appeals to Cogburn and he orders LaBoeuf to stop. At this point, Mattie is allowed to join their posse. Together, but with very different motivations, the three ride into the wilderness to confront Ned Pepper's gang. Along the way, they develop an appreciation for one another. In 1969, the book was adapted as a screenplay by Marguerite Roberts for the Western film \"True Grit\" directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Kim Darby as Mattie Ross, Robert Duvall as \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper, Glen Campbell as LaBoeuf, Jeff Corey as Tom Chaney, and John Wayne as Rooster Cogburn (a role that won John Wayne Best Actor at the Academy Awards). A film sequel, \"Rooster Cogburn\", was produced from an original screenplay in 1975, with John Wayne reprising his role, and Katharine Hepburn as an elderly spinster, Eula Goodnight, who teams with him. The sequel was not well received, and the plot was considered a needless reworking of the plot of \"True Grit\" combined with elements of \"The African Queen\". A made-for-television sequel aired in 1978 entitled \"\" and starring Warren Oates and Lisa Pelikan. The TV-movie featured more adventures of Rooster Cogburn and Mattie Ross.", "Hopper later admitted he was wrong to have disrespected Hathaway as a youth and called him \"the finest director I have ever worked with\", working again with Hathaway on \"The Sons of Katie Elder\" (1965) and \"True Grit\" (1969). Hathaway then made a melodrama \"Woman Obsessed\" (1959) and thriller \"Seven Thieves\" (1960). He was reunited with Wayne on the comedy-action \"northern\", \"North to Alaska\" (1960). Hathaway was one of three directors on the epic Cinerama Western, \" How the West Was Won\" (1962), directing the bulk of the film, including the river, prairie, and train robbery sequences. He went to Spain to work with Wayne again on \"Circus World\" (1964). Wayne asked Hathaway to cast John Smith in the role of Steve McCabe in the film; Smith from 1959 to 1963 had played the part of rancher Slim Sherman on NBC's \"Laramie\" series. According to Smith's Internet biography, Hathaway developed an intense dislike for Smith and stopped him from landing choice roles thereafter in Hollywood. \"Circus World\" was a box office disappointment but Wayne and Hathaway's next movie together, \"The Sons of Katie Elder\" (1965), was a big hit. So too was \"Nevada Smith\" (1966), a Western starring Steve McQueen that was extrapolated from a brief section of Harold Robbins' novel \"The Carpetbaggers\". He went to Africa to make \"The Last Safari\" (1967), then did the Western \"5 Card Stud\" (1968) with Dean Martin and Robert Mitchum. It was a mild success but \"True Grit\" (1969), produced by Hal Wallis, was extremely popular, and won John Wayne a Best Actor Oscar.", "True Grit (1969 film) True Grit is a 1969 American Western film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. Wayne won his only Oscar for his performance in the film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel \"Rooster Cogburn\". Historians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Glen Campbell, Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, Jeff Corey, and Strother Martin. The title song, sung by Campbell, was also Oscar-nominated. \"True Grit\" was adapted again in 2010, starring Jeff Bridges, Josh Brolin, Matt Damon, and Hailee Steinfeld. Frank Ross is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill. Mattie has heard that Cogburn has \"true grit\". She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma). A young Texas Ranger, La Boeuf, is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try to ditch Mattie, but she catches up and is permitted to ride along. After several days, the three discover horse thieves Emmett Quincy and Moon, who are waiting for Ned Pepper at a remote dugout cabin."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "answer": {"text": "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do any othe rmovies?", "answer": {"text": "Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974).", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b7433780884541c684dc71b044a3aba4_0_q#3", "question": "Did he do any other movies?", "rewrite": "In addition to McQ, did John Wayne do any other movies?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["McQ Inc McQ Inc is a defense and electronics company in Fredericksburg, Virginia, that specializes in remote monitoring and surveillance equipment and systems for government and industry. McQ Inc designed and produces the OmniSense unattended ground sensor system equipment in use as part of currently deployed Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS). McQ was founded in 1985 and began work mainly as contract support. In 1990 McQ began its transition to an electronics R&D company and has designed and produced many systems and products since. In 2010, McQ consolidated its production facilities into a new building on its Fredericksburg campus, expanding their manufacturing capabilities to meet demand. In 2005, the Army Research Laboratory\u2019s OmniSense system was commercialized and fielded by McQ Inc. In 2006, McQ's OmniSense UGS system was selected as one of the Army's 10 greatest inventions for that year.", "After getting a much harsher warning from the increasingly exasperated Kosterman, McQ is informed by Kosterman that the approval for McQ's application for a private investigator's license is being placed on hold. Kosterman relieves McQ of his Colt revolver. McQ goes to a local gun store and acquires for himself a Browning Hi-Power pistol and a MAC-10 submachine gun. McQ breaks into Santiago's office but is cornered by Santiago and his men. Santiago reveals that the drugs his men stole had turned out to be only powdered sugar. The real drugs, evidence in major and minor cases and investigations, was replaced over time with the sugar. Obviously this could only have been done by key corrupt members of the department. McQ also realizes that Santiago was not responsible for Boyle's death. Knowing McQ is not a threat, Santiago lets him go, though he beats him brutally as payback for the earlier assault. McQ's investigation leads to the shooting of one of his sources, bartender Myra (Colleen Dewhurst), and another attempt on McQ's life, in which his Firebird is crushed between two huge trucks. McQ escapes, but when he examines the wreckage, he finally discovers who is behind the police killings and the theft of drugs from the police, leading to a climactic chase and shootout at a beach with Santiago and his men. The movie was filmed on location in Seattle, Aberdeen, Washington, and at the Quinault Indian Reservation in Washington. Hal Needham, a stunt car driver, performed the very first car stunt using a black powder cannon charge to help flip the car without ramps in this film.", "Batjac Productions Batjac Productions is an independent film production company co-founded by John Wayne in 1952 as a vehicle for Wayne to produce as well as star in movies. Its first release was \"Big Jim McLain\" with Warner Bros. in 1952, and its final film was also with Warner Bros., \"McQ\", in 1974. After the actor's death, his son Michael Wayne managed and owned the company for over 30 years before he died in 2003, at which time his wife Gretchen took over as owner and president. Wayne and producer Robert Fellows founded Batjac in 1952 as \"Wayne/Fellows Productions\". When Fellows left the company several years later, Wayne renamed the corporation after a fictitious trading company mentioned in the film \"Wake of the Red Witch\" (1948). The company name in \"Wake of the Red Witch\" was spelled Batjak, but Wayne's secretary misspelled it as Batjac on the corporation papers, and Wayne let it stand. Having his own company was intended to give Wayne artistic control over the films he made. The best known of all Batjac's films is Wayne's version of \"The Alamo\" (1960), a project he had planned for several years. It was an account of the battle of the Alamo during the Texas Revolution of 1836. A labor of love for Wayne, \"The Alamo\" cost Wayne much of his personal fortune. Among Batjac's other productions are \"Hondo\", \"Cahill U.S. Marshal\", \"Big Jake\", \"McLintock!\", \"The Green Berets\", \"Seven Men from Now\", and \"McQ\". Because of a production/distribution deal with Warner Bros. and United Artists, Batjac was allowed to retain all rights to four Wayne films \u2014", "Gene Siskel of the \"Chicago Tribune\" gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote, \"Like so many of his recent movies, 'McQ' would be nothing without Wayne. In fact, less than nothing, because tho its story takes a high number of unexpected turns, the pacing is excruciatingly slow, its supporting characters excruciatingly vapid. And yet the film holds together around Wayne.\" Kevin Thomas of the \"Los Angeles Times\" stated: \"The most intriguing aspect of John Wayne's diverting but undistinguished new picture 'McQ' at selected theaters is its similarity to Clint Eastwood's 'Magnum Force' ... The difference\u2014and it may be crucial\u2014is that Wayne, blustering and bombastic as ever, dominates his film whereas it's violence for violence's sake that takes over 'Magnum Force.' Eastwood's film looks lots more chic, but 'McQ' has lots more humanity. \" Wayne had rejected the lead in \"Dirty Harry\" a few years prior to this film, which he later admitted to regretting. The producers of that film chose Seattle as its location in an earlier version of the script; it was later changed to San Francisco when Clint Eastwood became connected with the project. Gary Arnold of \"The Washington Post\" wrote, \"'McQ' can be recommended if you're in the mood for a commercial movie so stiff and perfunctory that it becomes unintentionally funny ... Wayne really should have enough savvy to realize that he looks ridiculous speeding around town in a green Hornet. This sporty image doesn't do anything for him anymore than his toupee does.\"", "Seattle Police Department, and the head of the homicide investigation, Captain Edward Kosterman (Eddie Albert), believe the shootings are the work of street militants; Kosterman orders an immediate dragnet. Elsewhere, Detective Lieutenant Lon \"McQ\" McHugh (Wayne) escapes an attempt on his life by a professional hit man named Samuels. McQ had been woken minutes before by a phone call to him on his boat, telling him of the shootings of his longtime partner and the two other police officers. Because he and Boyle had been investigating drug trafficking in the city, McQ is convinced from the start that the target of their investigation, local shipping magnate and suspected narcotics dealer Manny Santiago (Al Lettieri), is responsible for the shootings. Despite a warning from Captain Kosterman to leave the investigation to the department, McQ, after talking with Boyle's wife Lois (Diana Muldaur), begins tailing Santiago. After seeing a TV news report that Boyle has died of his injuries, he rages after Santiago and beats him viciously in a men's room. When confined to desk duty by Kosterman, McQ angrily resigns, despite pleading from fellow detective Franklyn Toms (Clu Gulager). Continuing to investigate the case through a partnership with local private eye \"Pinky\" Farrell (David Huddleston), McQ learns that Santiago has assembled a heist team to steal the confiscated heroin and cocaine from the police department's evidence vault. The drugs are normally held by the department until turned over to the State Attorney General's Office for disposal. Santiago's men steal the drugs just as they are about to be burned in a hospital incinerator. McQ pursues Santiago's men, but they escape."], "answer": {"text": "His last film was The Shootist (1976),", "answer_start": 629}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "answer": {"text": "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do any othe rmovies?", "answer": {"text": "Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974).", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b7433780884541c684dc71b044a3aba4_0_q#4", "question": "did he do any TV?", "rewrite": "Did John Wayne do any TV?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Wayne Airport John Wayne Airport is a commercial and general aviation airport that serves Orange County, California, and the Greater Los Angeles area. The airport is located in an unincorporated area of Orange County surrounded by the cities of Irvine, Newport Beach, and Costa Mesa, and is owned and operated by the county. Originally named Orange County Airport, the Orange County Board of Supervisors renamed the airport in 1979 in honor of actor John Wayne, who lived in neighboring Newport Beach and died that year. A statue of John Wayne was installed at the airline terminal in 1982. John Wayne Airport is the sole commercial airport in Orange County. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015 categorized it as a \"primary commercial service\" airport since it has over 10,000 passenger boardings per year. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,584,147 enplanements in calendar year 2014, an increase from 4,450,628 in 2013. In 2014, John Wayne Airport was the second busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles area (by passenger count) with over 9 million total passengers. , the largest airlines at John Wayne Airport were Southwest Airlines, American Airlines, United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. In addition to the airline terminal, several facilities at the airport serve the general aviation and corporate aviation community. General aviation operations outnumber commercial operations. The only other general aviation airport in Orange County is Fullerton Municipal Airport. John Wayne Airport has two runways. The main runway, 2L/20R, at in length, is one of the shortest of any major airport in the United States, and passenger airliners at the airport have never been larger than the Boeing 757 (though some larger cargo aircraft fly from SNA, such as the FedEx A300/310). Runway 2R/20L is long and serves general aviation aircraft.", "John Wayne Elementary School John Wayne Elementary School (P.S. 380), is an elementary school, located at 370 Marcy Avenue, Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Dedicated in honor of John Wayne on October 28, 1982, \"John Wayne Elementary School Day\". John Wayne's seven children attended the dedication. Inside the school is a 38-foot mosaic mural commission by New York artist Knox Martin entitled \"John Wayne and the American Frontier\". John Wayne Elementary School was in the news in 2007 when it was reported that \"Subway Hero\" Wesley Autrey was working at the school.", "John Wayne Shot Me John Wayne Shot Me was an indie band from Ammerzoden, the Netherlands. John Wayne Shot Me was formed by Thijs van den Broek in 1998, originally as a one-man recording only project. When his songs received positive reviews in several small underground music magazines, John Wayne Shot Me was asked to perform live. Thijs then decided to form a band with his friends Merijn van Pelt, Geert van Beers and his sister Marieke van den Broek. Soon the band signed to the Belgian label Ines Boukov/62TV Records and many releases and shows all over Europe followed. Allegedly due to a legal issue about their bandname with the inheritors of the late actor Marion Michael Morrison, also known as John Wayne, the band decided to split up in December 2006 . They played their last concert in 's-Hertogenbosch, the city where the bandmembers met in highschool. John Wayne Shot Me was known for their short melodic twisted popsongs about love, technology and monsters. Most songs featured (samples of) toy instruments and outdated gameconsoles. The band released 3 albums and some singles, including a split 7\" with the Californian band Grandaddy. The band also worked with Kimya Dawson, Julia P Hersheimer, Austin Lace and many others. Occasionally the following people are mentioned as band members as well: Exclusive tracks on compilations:", "John Wayne (song)  \" John Wayne\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga, for her fifth studio album, \"Joanne\" (2016). Gaga co-wrote and co-produced the track with Mark Ronson and BloodPop, with additional writing from Josh Homme who also played guitar. \" John Wayne\" is a pop rock song that features elements of country, disco, funk, and house music. It derives its name from American actor John Wayne, who was known for his roles in Western films. The lyrics talk about Gaga's romantic craving for a wild, blue-collar man and smoking cannabis. Some critics felt that \"John Wayne\" might portray Gaga's relationship with her ex-fianc\u00e9 Taylor Kinney. Reviewers noted the song's tongue-in-cheek lyrics, and some of them criticized its musical composition. The song had minor chart placements in Hungary and the United Kingdom. Jonas \u00c5kerlund directed the song's accompanying music video released on February 8, 2017, through Apple Music. It continues a storyline that started with the videos for singles \"Perfect Illusion\" and \"Million Reasons\", and portrays Gaga in different action-packed sequences. The clip received positive feedback for hearkening back to Gaga's older videos, and taking inspiration from action films. Gaga performed \"John Wayne\" as part of her set at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016, the 2017 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, and at the Joanne World Tour (2017\u20132018). Lady Gaga recorded \"John Wayne\" at four locations in the United States. She began recording at Shangri-La Studios, in Malibu, California, with Joshua Blair, assisted by David Covell. They also recorded the song at Pink Duck Studios in Burbank, California, with Justin Smith. He continued recording at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, assisted by Barry McCready.", "Ethan Wayne John Ethan Wayne Jr. (born February 22, 1962) is an American actor. The son of actor John Wayne and his third wife, Pilar Pallete, he grew up in Newport Beach, California, where he shared his father's love of the ocean and outdoors. His name was chosen in direct relation to John Wayne's character in \"The Searchers\" (\"Ethan Edwards\"). He played Little Jake, the grandson of his father's title character in \"Big Jake\". Ethan started doing stunt work after the death of his father in 1979. His first film was \"The Blues Brothers\". He then went back to work as an actor. His next two major film appearances were both in 1981, in the comedy \"Longshot\", and the slasher film \"Scream\". Later works included a role, in the NBC TV movie \"The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory\", as Edward Taylor in 1986, Storm Logan on the CBS soap opera \" The Bold and the Beautiful\" (with Robert Mitchum's granddaughter Carrie Mitchum, whom he had met on the \"Big Jake\" set), 1987-88 which led to a lot of work overseas, and his role as Officer Matt Doyle on \"The New Adam-12\" (Universal Studios) 1989 through 1991. He appeared as an expert on John Wayne memorabilia on History Channel's \"Pawn Stars\" in the episode \"Dog Day Afternoon\" which aired January 14, 2014. He now manages John Wayne Enterprises and serves as the director of the John Wayne Cancer Foundation and created its Team DUKE fundraising program."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "answer": {"text": "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do any othe rmovies?", "answer": {"text": "Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974).", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "His last film was The Shootist (1976),", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b7433780884541c684dc71b044a3aba4_0_q#5", "question": "what did he do after his last film?", "rewrite": "What did John Wayne do after his last film?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Wayne Airport John Wayne Airport is a commercial and general aviation airport that serves Orange County, California, and the Greater Los Angeles area. The airport is located in an unincorporated area of Orange County surrounded by the cities of Irvine, Newport Beach, and Costa Mesa, and is owned and operated by the county. Originally named Orange County Airport, the Orange County Board of Supervisors renamed the airport in 1979 in honor of actor John Wayne, who lived in neighboring Newport Beach and died that year. A statue of John Wayne was installed at the airline terminal in 1982. John Wayne Airport is the sole commercial airport in Orange County. The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011\u20132015 categorized it as a \"primary commercial service\" airport since it has over 10,000 passenger boardings per year. Federal Aviation Administration records say the airport had 4,584,147 enplanements in calendar year 2014, an increase from 4,450,628 in 2013. In 2014, John Wayne Airport was the second busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles area (by passenger count) with over 9 million total passengers. , the largest airlines at John Wayne Airport were Southwest Airlines, American Airlines, United Airlines, Alaska Airlines, and Delta Air Lines. In addition to the airline terminal, several facilities at the airport serve the general aviation and corporate aviation community. General aviation operations outnumber commercial operations. The only other general aviation airport in Orange County is Fullerton Municipal Airport. John Wayne Airport has two runways. The main runway, 2L/20R, at in length, is one of the shortest of any major airport in the United States, and passenger airliners at the airport have never been larger than the Boeing 757 (though some larger cargo aircraft fly from SNA, such as the FedEx A300/310). Runway 2R/20L is long and serves general aviation aircraft.", "Though it is often claimed that budget constraints necessitated shooting most of the film on soundstages on the Paramount lot, studio accounting records show that this was part of the film's original artistic concept, according to Ford biographer Joseph McBride. According to Lee Marvin in a filmed interview, Ford had fought hard to shoot the film in black-and-white to accentuate his use of shadows. Still, it was one of Ford's most expensive films at US$3.2 million. After completing \"Liberty Valance\", Ford was hired to direct the Civil War section of MGM's epic \" How The West Was Won\", the first non-documentary film to use the Cinerama wide-screen process. Ford's segment featured George Peppard, with Andy Devine, Russ Tamblyn, Harry Morgan as Ulysses S. Grant, and John Wayne as William Tecumseh Sherman. Also in 1962, Ford directed his fourth and last TV production, \"Flashing Spikes\", a baseball story made for the \"Alcoa Premiere\" series and starring James Stewart, Jack Warden, Patrick Wayne and Tige Andrews, with Harry Carey Jr. and a lengthy surprise appearance by John Wayne, billed in the credits as \"Michael Morris\". \"Donovan's Reef\" (Paramount, 1963) was Ford's last film with John Wayne. Filmed on location on the Hawaiian island of Kauai (doubling for a fictional island in French Polynesia), it was a morality play disguised as an action-comedy, which subtly but sharply engaged with issues of racial bigotry, corporate connivance, greed and American beliefs of societal superiority. The supporting cast included Lee Marvin, Elizabeth Allen, Jack Warden, Dorothy Lamour, and Cesar Romero. It was also Ford's last commercial success, grossing $3.3 million against a budget of $2.6 million.", "John Wayne Elementary School John Wayne Elementary School (P.S. 380), is an elementary school, located at 370 Marcy Avenue, Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Dedicated in honor of John Wayne on October 28, 1982, \"John Wayne Elementary School Day\". John Wayne's seven children attended the dedication. Inside the school is a 38-foot mosaic mural commission by New York artist Knox Martin entitled \"John Wayne and the American Frontier\". John Wayne Elementary School was in the news in 2007 when it was reported that \"Subway Hero\" Wesley Autrey was working at the school.", "John Wayne Shot Me John Wayne Shot Me was an indie band from Ammerzoden, the Netherlands. John Wayne Shot Me was formed by Thijs van den Broek in 1998, originally as a one-man recording only project. When his songs received positive reviews in several small underground music magazines, John Wayne Shot Me was asked to perform live. Thijs then decided to form a band with his friends Merijn van Pelt, Geert van Beers and his sister Marieke van den Broek. Soon the band signed to the Belgian label Ines Boukov/62TV Records and many releases and shows all over Europe followed. Allegedly due to a legal issue about their bandname with the inheritors of the late actor Marion Michael Morrison, also known as John Wayne, the band decided to split up in December 2006 . They played their last concert in 's-Hertogenbosch, the city where the bandmembers met in highschool. John Wayne Shot Me was known for their short melodic twisted popsongs about love, technology and monsters. Most songs featured (samples of) toy instruments and outdated gameconsoles. The band released 3 albums and some singles, including a split 7\" with the Californian band Grandaddy. The band also worked with Kimya Dawson, Julia P Hersheimer, Austin Lace and many others. Occasionally the following people are mentioned as band members as well: Exclusive tracks on compilations:", "John Wayne (song)  \" John Wayne\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga, for her fifth studio album, \"Joanne\" (2016). Gaga co-wrote and co-produced the track with Mark Ronson and BloodPop, with additional writing from Josh Homme who also played guitar. \" John Wayne\" is a pop rock song that features elements of country, disco, funk, and house music. It derives its name from American actor John Wayne, who was known for his roles in Western films. The lyrics talk about Gaga's romantic craving for a wild, blue-collar man and smoking cannabis. Some critics felt that \"John Wayne\" might portray Gaga's relationship with her ex-fianc\u00e9 Taylor Kinney. Reviewers noted the song's tongue-in-cheek lyrics, and some of them criticized its musical composition. The song had minor chart placements in Hungary and the United Kingdom. Jonas \u00c5kerlund directed the song's accompanying music video released on February 8, 2017, through Apple Music. It continues a storyline that started with the videos for singles \"Perfect Illusion\" and \"Million Reasons\", and portrays Gaga in different action-packed sequences. The clip received positive feedback for hearkening back to Gaga's older videos, and taking inspiration from action films. Gaga performed \"John Wayne\" as part of her set at the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2016, the 2017 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, and at the Joanne World Tour (2017\u20132018). Lady Gaga recorded \"John Wayne\" at four locations in the United States. She began recording at Shangri-La Studios, in Malibu, California, with Joshua Blair, assisted by David Covell. They also recorded the song at Pink Duck Studios in Burbank, California, with Justin Smith. He continued recording at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, assisted by Barry McCready."], "answer": {"text": "His last film was The Shootist (1976), whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer--the illness to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later.", "answer_start": 629}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "answer": {"text": "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do any othe rmovies?", "answer": {"text": "Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974).", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "His last film was The Shootist (1976),", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do any TV?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b7433780884541c684dc71b044a3aba4_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Along with True Grit, McQ and The Shootist, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["True Grit (novel) True Grit is a 1968 novel by Charles Portis that was first published as a 1968 serial in \"The Saturday Evening Post\". The novel is told from the perspective of a woman named Mattie Ross, who recounts the time when she was 14 and sought retribution for the murder of her father by a scoundrel, Tom Chaney. It is considered by some critics to be \"one of the great American novels.\" The novel was adapted for the screenplay of the 1969 film \"True Grit\" starring Kim Darby, Glen Campbell, and John Wayne. Six years later, in 1975, Wayne reprised his Academy Award-winning role as the tough hard drinking one-eyed lawman in the sequel film \"Rooster Cogburn\". In 2010, Joel and Ethan Coen wrote and directed another film adaption of the same name. In November 2010, The Overlook Press published a movie tie-in edition of the second film version of \"True Grit\". The novel is narrated by Mattie Ross, churchgoing elderly spinster distinguished by intelligence, independence, and strength of mind. She recounts the story of her adventures many years earlier, at 14, when she undertook a quest to avenge her father's death at the hands of a drifter named Tom Chaney. She is joined on her quest by Marshal Reuben J. \"Rooster\" Cogburn and a Texas Ranger named LaBoeuf (pronounced \"La-beef\"). As Mattie's tale begins, Chaney is employed on the Ross's family farm in West-Central Arkansas, near the town of Dardanelle in Yell County. Chaney is not adept as a farmhand, and Mattie has only scorn for him, referring to him as \"trash\" and noting that her kind-hearted father Frank only hired him out of pity.", "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969). This came 20 years after his only other nomination. Wayne was also nominated as the producer of Best Picture for The Alamo (1960), one of two films he directed. The other was The Green Berets (1968), the only major film made during the Vietnam War to support the war. During the filming of The Green Berets, the Degar or Montagnard people of Vietnam's Central Highlands, fierce fighters against communism, bestowed on Wayne a brass bracelet that he wore in the film and all subsequent films. Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974). His last film was The Shootist (1976), whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer--the illness to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later. Batjac, the production company cofounded by Wayne, was named after the fictional shipping company Batjak in Wake of the Red Witch (1948), a film based on the novel by Garland Roark. (A spelling error by Wayne's secretary was allowed to stand, accounting for the variation.) Batjac (and its predecessor, Wayne-Fellows Productions) was the arm through which Wayne produced many films for himself and other stars. Its best-known non-Wayne productions were Seven Men From Now (1956), which started the classic collaboration between director Budd Boetticher and star Randolph Scott, and Gun the Man Down (1956) with contract player James Arness as an outlaw. In the Motion Picture Herald Top Ten Money-Making Western Stars poll, Wayne was listed in 1936 and 1939. He appeared in the similar Box Office poll in 1939 and 1940.", "True Grit (1969 film) True Grit is a 1969 American Western film directed by Henry Hathaway and starring Kim Darby as Mattie Ross and John Wayne as U.S. Marshal Rooster Cogburn. It is the first film adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Marguerite Roberts. Wayne won his only Oscar for his performance in the film and reprised his role for the 1975 sequel \"Rooster Cogburn\". Historians believe Cogburn was based on Deputy U.S. Marshal Heck Thomas, who brought in some of the toughest outlaws. The cast also features Glen Campbell, Robert Duvall, Dennis Hopper, Jeff Corey, and Strother Martin. The title song, sung by Campbell, was also Oscar-nominated. \"True Grit\" was adapted again in 2010, starring Jeff Bridges, Josh Brolin, Matt Damon, and Hailee Steinfeld. Frank Ross is murdered by his hired hand, Tom Chaney. Ross's young daughter, Mattie, travels to Fort Smith, Arkansas, where she hires aging U.S. Marshal Reuben \"Rooster\" J. Cogburn to bring Chaney in, raising his fee by shrewdly horse trading with Colonel Stonehill. Mattie has heard that Cogburn has \"true grit\". She gives him a payment to track and capture Chaney, who has taken up with outlaw \"Lucky\" Ned Pepper in Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma). A young Texas Ranger, La Boeuf, is also pursuing Chaney and joins forces with Cogburn, despite Mattie's protest. The two try to ditch Mattie, but she catches up and is permitted to ride along. After several days, the three discover horse thieves Emmett Quincy and Moon, who are waiting for Ned Pepper at a remote dugout cabin.", "The Chesapeake Bay Retriever is the state dog of Maryland and has been the mascot of UMBC since weeks after its founding in 1966. The costumed mascot was alternately known as \"Fever the Retriever\" in the late 1990s. The university also once had a live mascot, upon whom the True Grit statue is based, named Campus Sam. At the beginning of the 2008 fall semester, a Chesapeake Bay retriever puppy was chosen as a new mascot. He attends many athletic events and an online poll was held on the Retriever Activities Center website to choose his name, which was ultimately decided as \"Gritty\". The school's dining hall is named True Grits. True Grit appears in two forms: Both as a statue in front of the Retriever Activities Center of a Chesapeake Bay retriever and as a costumed mascot, an anthropomorphized Chesapeake Bay retriever. The latter can typically be seen in attire of whatever sport he is currently attending; this is most often basketball or lacrosse. As part of an art installation, there are also several smaller True Grit statues placed around campus, all given themed decoration by various student artists. A new tradition has begun on campus of rubbing the nose of the True Grit statue for good luck after orientation into the university. The Resident Student Association and Student Events Board provide social programming during all academic semesters at UMBC. Over 220 student-run organizations exist on campus. This unique interdisciplinary doctoral program draws upon faculty from disciplines in the humanities and social sciences from eight departments and programs at UMBC: African Studies; American Studies; Education; English; History; Gender and Women's Studies; Modern Languages, Linguistics and Intercultural Communication; and Sociology and Anthropology. A living learning community (LLC) is essentially themed housing. A hallway of one of UMBC's residence halls is set aside for students who share a certain academic ground.", "List of accolades received by True Grit \"True Grit\" is a 2010 American Western film directed by the Coen brothers. It is the second adaptation of Charles Portis' 1968 novel of the same name, which was previously released in 1969 featuring John Wayne. The 2010 version stars Jeff Bridges, Hailee Steinfeld and Matt Damon. It was released by Paramount Pictures in the United States and Canada on December 22, 2010, grossing over USD $25.6 million at the box office, twice its pre-release projections, in its opening weekend. Since then it has made over USD $171 million domestically and USD $249 million worldwide. The film was well received by movie critics, with an approval rating of 96 percent on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. It has appeared in more than a dozen movie reviewers' Top Ten lists for the best movies of the year. \"True Grit\" has received honors in different categories, ranging from recognition of the movie itself, to its direction, art direction, cinematography, score and writing, as well as for performances by the cast, mainly Bridges for Best Actor and Steinfeld for Best Supporting Actress. The Coen's work on \"True Grit\"'s screenplay scored them a nomination from the Writers Guild of America, but lost to Aaron Sorkin for \"The Social Network\". Deakins' work on \"True Grit\"s cinematography earned him more than ten nominations, including an award from the Boston Society of Film Critics. The Cinema Audio Society Awards presented Peter F. Kurland, Skip Lievsay, Craig Berkey and Greg Orloff their Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures honor in 2011. The 83rd Academy Awards nominated the movie for ten of its accolades, but \"True Grit\" failed to win any awards. Among the nominations were Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay,"], "answer": {"text": "Wayne was also nominated as the producer of Best Picture for The Alamo (1960), one of two films he directed.", "answer_start": 108}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did John Wayne do later in his career?", "answer": {"text": "John Wayne won a Best Actor Oscar for True Grit (1969).", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do any othe rmovies?", "answer": {"text": "Wayne took on the role of the eponymous detective in the crime drama McQ (1974).", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "His last film was The Shootist (1976),", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he do any TV?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after his last film?", "answer": {"text": "His last film was The Shootist (1976), whose main character, J. B. Books, was dying of cancer--the illness to which Wayne himself succumbed three years later.", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#0", "question": "What was the first rip off?", "rewrite": "What was the first rip off?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The shoot is entitled \"Playboy Poolside\" and features the four subjects skateboarding in and around an empty swimming pool. Alva started his long relationship working with Vans in 1974, helping to design the off-the-wall skateboard shoe, the original skate shoe. Alva's father had been buying Vans shoes for his kids since they were young. Vans was established in 1966 and was the shoe of choice for the Santa Monica youth culture. In 1977, at the age of 19, Alva shunned the major skate companies to form his own company, entitled Alva Skates. It was the first company run and owned by a skateboarder, as well as being one of the first to use layered Canadian maple plywood in skateboard decks. In December 2005, Alva opened two retail stores in Southern Californian located in Oceanside, near San Diego, and on Fairfax Avenue in Los Angeles. In December 2006, he celebrated the first anniversary of the stores with a party at the Los Angeles shop, which was attended by some of the old Z-Boys, current Alva Team members, MySpace friends, skate fans, and other minor celebrities. Alva signed autographs and served as the DJ for the catered event. The \"bad boy\" image of the Z-Boy was reiterated in the postcard invitation for the event, which featured a profane drawing. Alva also pioneered the first Rip Grip product, a material that could stick onto the underside of a skateboarder's deck, making it easier to maintain grip. In the early eighties, Alva played bass guitar for the \"Skoundrelz\", a Venice, California punk band. Three songs appeared on BCT's First Strike compilation released in 1983.", "Rip cut In woodworking, a rip-cut is a type of cut that severs or divides a piece of wood parallel to the grain. The other typical type of cut is a \"cross-cut\", a cut perpendicular to the grain. Unlike cross-cutting, which shears the wood fibers, a rip saw works more like a series of chisels, lifting off small splinters of wood. The nature of the wood grain requires the shape of the saw teeth to be different thus the need for both rip saws and crosscut saws; however some circular saw blades are \"combination blades\" and can make both types of cuts. A rip cut is the fundamental type of cut made at a sawmill. \"Rip cut\" comes from \"rip\": to split or saw timber in the direction of the grain, and \"cut\": to divide with a sharp-edged instrument. Wood may also be split along the grain (riven), but the split will follow the grain and usually not be flat. Knots also prevent riving thus the need for rip cuts. A \"kerf\" is the opening in the wood made by the saw. Types of hand saws used to make rip cuts are rip saws, frame saws some of which are whipsaws, and veneer saws. Rip cuts are commonly made with a table saw, but other types of power saws can also be used, including a radial arm saw, band saw, and hand held circular saw. In sawmills the head saw is the first rip-saw a log goes through, which is sometimes a gang-saw, and then the cants may be resawn using other saws and then edged in a edger and sometimes cut to length by a crosscut saw. Also, smaller portable sawmills and chainsaw mills use rip-cuts to produce lumber.", "Believing that Himiko is not wrong in her assertion, her assistant Nashime assassinates the king while the subjects are all distracted by Himiko's speech. King Ohkimi falls and Himiko takes over rule of the Sun God People. She orders anyone who did not believe in the Sun God's words that she would be ruler to be buried alive in the mountains. The next night, Himiko and Takehiko again sleep together, but Takehiko is resistant to stay with her. Himiko tries to gain Takehiko's favor by offering him a cloth that she knitted. He accepts but leaves her anyway. Adahime follows him and meets him by a lake. She professes her love to him, pleading him to make love to her. After resisting, he eventually obliges. Himiko is horrified to know that her lover has been with another woman, and orders his arrest. Takehiko is captured in the mountains and brought back to the Kingdom of the Sun God. There, Himiko banishes him, but orders her subjects to first rip out all of his fingernails and tattoo his face in colors of shame. Takehiko leaves the kingdom bloody and in pain. The Mountain God People carry him up the mountain where Adahime reunites with him. Back in the Sun God Kingdom, Nashime consoles a broken Himiko, who feels betrayed and unloved. Himiko proceeds to perform oral sex on Nashime. Meanwhile, Mimaki and Ikume conspire to take power away from Himiko, who they still believe is not acting on the Sun God's behalf, but rather through her own love. They do their best to convince Nashime, and he eventually succumbs to the belief that Himiko has lost her powers, and he keeps her stashed away in her room", "They then lost in the Second Round to Tennessee. In 2011, the Bobcats increased their conference record to 9\u20137 and earned a bid to the CollegeInsider.com Tournament (CIT). A first round victory over Marshall preceded a loss to East Tennessee State in the CIT Quarterfinals. In 2012, Groce led the Bobcats to an 11\u20135 conference record and another MAC Tournament championship. As the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament, the Bobcats received a No. 13 seed. In the Tournament, Ohio defeated No. 4-seeded Michigan and No. 12-seeded South Florida to earn a trip to the Sweet Sixteen, Ohio's first rip to the Sweet Sixteen since 1964. In the Sweet Sixteen, they pushed No. 1-seed North Carolina to overtime before losing 73\u201365. In four seasons at Ohio, Groce was 85\u201356 overall and 34\u201330 in Mid-American Conference games. Groce finalized negotiations to become the men's basketball head coach at the University of Illinois on March 28, 2012, after both Shaka Smart and Brad Stevens declined interest in the position. The Illini started 12\u20130 in 2013 under Groce, the best start for a first-year coach in the team's modern era. The team won the 2012 Maui Invitational by defeating Butler in the championship game. Illinois finished the year 23\u201313, but with a losing conference record at 8\u201310. The Illini did receive a bid to the NCAA Tournament advancing to the Third Round (formerly known as the Second Round) before losing to No. 2-seeded Miami. During their 2014 season, Illinois' success in the month of November improved to 21\u20130 under Groce.", "Anti-Urban  Anti-Urban is an EP released by Ukrainian black metal band Drudkh on April 16, 2007 (see 2007 in music), by Supernal Music. It is the band's first EP and sixth release overall. It is only available directly from the label, and has been limited to a two-time-only pressing of 999 (of which only 992 were actually made) 10-inch vinyl records. In 2009, it was re-released in mini CD format by French label Season of Mist. This version was available only as a part of a box-set edition of their album \"Microcosmos\", limited only to 500 copies. The first rip of the album to circulate around the Internet was taken, incorrectly, from a 33.3 RPM playing of the album. The album was intended to be played at 45 RPM, and therefore the nine-minute-plus versions of \"Anti-Urban\" tracks floating around the Internet are improperly ripped. This album, like \"Forgotten Legends\", has vocals that are low in the mix, and the first track is entirely instrumental. As with Drudkh's first two albums, the lyrics to \"Anti-Urban\" have not been released. The tracks are rumoured to be outtakes from the \"Forgotten Legends\" sessions, although this has not been officially confirmed."], "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#1", "question": "who whote that", "rewrite": "who whote PLay GIrl?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Play Girl The Play Girl is a 1928 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Arthur Rosson and starring Madge Bellamy, Johnny Mack Brown and Walter McGrail.", "Play Girl (1932 film) Play Girl is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama film starring Winnie Lightner, Loretta Young, and Norman Foster. The screenplay concerns a young woman who marries a professional gambler.", "Play Girl Play Girl is a 1941 romantic comedy film, starring Kay Francis as an aging gold digger who decides to pass on her skills to a young proteg\u00e9e, and featuring James Ellison, Mildred Coles, Nigel Bruce, Margaret Hamilton and Katherine Alexander. Grace Herbert (Kay Francis) is a 30-something woman who has made her living from seducing wealthy men and suing them for breach of promise. At the end of her finances, she and her maid, Josie (Margaret Hamilton) head to Miami where Grace hopes to find another rich man. When that plan falls through, she stumbles upon Ellen Daley (Mildred Coles), a young lady who is looking for a job as a secretary. Instead, Grace decide to make the girl her protege and teach her how to make money leading older wealthier men on for money. They leave for Chicago, and on the way meet Tom Dice (James Ellison) when he fixes their flat tire. All they know is that he's a cowboy, and while Ellen is attracted to him, Grace dismisses him. Grace introduces Ellen to Bill Vincent (Nigel Bruce), a vain man who likes young women, and who coaches Ellen on exactly how to lead a man on enough to get expensive presents from him, including a fat settlement to avoid a lawsuit. Despite some initial misgivings, Ellen begins to enjoy her role. After they are finished with Vincent in Chicago, the ladies move on to New York City and Van Payson (G.P. Huntley), another older wealthy man who is happy to squire a much younger woman. While out on a date, Ellen runs into Tom and the two of them end up sharing a cab when she gets separated. He makes arrangements to call on her, but Grace, who still thinks that Tom is \"just a cowboy\" criticizes Ellen for wanting to see him.", "Seabuckthorn and Indian mulberry are two such crops identified and popularized by him, the latter known to have many uses in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutriceutical industries. He has also contributed towards the development of \"Leh Berry\", a nutraceutical beverage made out of ripe seabuckthorn fruits, and patent of the preparation is held by him. He has since transferred the technology to the local farmers and the industry in reported to be a flourishing one. Singh introduced many scientific agro techniques by utilizing solar and soil heat to foster cultivation of six vegetables such as potatoes and capsicum in Leh. He is known to have popularized a chilly variety, Bhut Jolokia, (Capsicum assamensis), one of the hottest chilly varieties in the world and his efforts have contributed to develop potato seed production in the Leh valley. He has also been given credit for the establishment of herbal gardens in Leh, the first one in the region, and, later, at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, and also for finding breeding techniques of a variety of tomatoes, resistant to root-knot nematodes. A major contribution of Singh was his advocacy for the Zaniskari ponies, a local breed of ponies believed to be having more resistance and capabilities on high altitude terrain than the imported ones. The efforts led to the induction of Zanskar ponies into the Indian Army, which are believed to have served the country during the Kargil war. He was also involved in the development of \"space food\" for the first Indo-Russian space mission. Brahma Singh is reported to be the driving force behind the establishment of agricultural research stations in Pithoragarh, Tawang and Partapur. It was through his efforts, Nang village of Ladakh, situated at 13500 ft above the sea level, developed into a self-sustained place.", "Two records were released that were neither cover versions of nor answers to Thornton's release, yet used a similar melody without any attribution to Leiber and Stoller. The first was Smiley Lewis's \"Play Girl\", credited to D. Bartholomew and released by the Imperial Records label (Imperial 45-5234) by the end of March 1953. Described as a \"stomping uptempo boogie rocker\", it began: \"You ain't nothin' but a Play Girl / Staying out all night long\". In April 1955, female impersonator Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy recorded \"Country Boy\" accompanied by His Orchestra that was released by RCA's Groove Records (Groove 4G-0106) by May 21. While credited solely to Kennedy, this song has a similar melody to \"Hound Dog\": \"'Country Boy' has a deceptively slouching flip on the 'Hound Dog' motif - this time with Tiny proclaiming proudly that he 'ain't nothing but a country boy'\". In the early 1970s Robert Loers, owner of Dutch label Redita Records, found a song with the same melody as \"Hound Dog\" called \"(You Ain't Nuttin' But a) Juicehead\" on an anonymous acetate at Select-o-Hits, the Memphis distributorship owned by Sam Phillips' brother, Tom, where Sun artifacts were stored. When Juice Head first appeared on a Redita Records LP [in 1974], it was credited to Rosco Gordon. But it's not Rosco. It simply is not him. Really. Even Rosco confirmed that. It might not even be a Memphis Recording Service demo. Just substitute the words \"Hound Dog\" for \"Juice Head\" and what have you got?"], "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#2", "question": "what other song", "rewrite": "what other song aside from Play Girl was a riff?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Play Girl The Play Girl is a 1928 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Arthur Rosson and starring Madge Bellamy, Johnny Mack Brown and Walter McGrail.", "Play Girl (1932 film) Play Girl is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama film starring Winnie Lightner, Loretta Young, and Norman Foster. The screenplay concerns a young woman who marries a professional gambler.", "Here I Am to Worship (song) \"Here I Am to Worship\" is a song written by Tim Hughes and was released as the title song of his debut album \" Here I Am to Worship\". The song is a popular worship ballad. It is commonly sung at Christian churches, festivals and youth gatherings. The song was ranked No. 1 on the Christian Copyright Licensing International (CCLI) two years in a row and was still ranked on their Top 25 Songs list in 2016. Tim Hughes wrote this song in 1999 as a response to how he felt after reading Philippians 2. The passage speaks about Christ's humility and how He willingly left His throne in heaven, came to earth as a man, and sacrificed Himself on the cross all because of His love for us. With this passage in mind, Tim picked up his guitar and, as he sang, the words to the song flowed out, but he was not satisfied with the chorus and felt that it did not flow well with the song. For several months, he struggled with the chorus and even put the song aside for about six months before finally finishing it. However, he was still not confident in the chorus. It was not until he played this song at his home church Soul Survivor, and his pastor told him to play the song more often, that he realized the potential the song had. Since then, this song has spread and become widely known. Tim Hughes himself said. \"No one has been more surprised than myself at seeing how God has used this worship song. \" The themes in the song are the life of Jesus, thankfulness, and worship. \"Here I Am to Worship\" is a slow worship ballad with a length of five minutes and fifteen seconds. The song is set in common time and has a tempo of 75 beats per minute. It is written in the key E Major.", "Play Girl Play Girl is a 1941 romantic comedy film, starring Kay Francis as an aging gold digger who decides to pass on her skills to a young proteg\u00e9e, and featuring James Ellison, Mildred Coles, Nigel Bruce, Margaret Hamilton and Katherine Alexander. Grace Herbert (Kay Francis) is a 30-something woman who has made her living from seducing wealthy men and suing them for breach of promise. At the end of her finances, she and her maid, Josie (Margaret Hamilton) head to Miami where Grace hopes to find another rich man. When that plan falls through, she stumbles upon Ellen Daley (Mildred Coles), a young lady who is looking for a job as a secretary. Instead, Grace decide to make the girl her protege and teach her how to make money leading older wealthier men on for money. They leave for Chicago, and on the way meet Tom Dice (James Ellison) when he fixes their flat tire. All they know is that he's a cowboy, and while Ellen is attracted to him, Grace dismisses him. Grace introduces Ellen to Bill Vincent (Nigel Bruce), a vain man who likes young women, and who coaches Ellen on exactly how to lead a man on enough to get expensive presents from him, including a fat settlement to avoid a lawsuit. Despite some initial misgivings, Ellen begins to enjoy her role. After they are finished with Vincent in Chicago, the ladies move on to New York City and Van Payson (G.P. Huntley), another older wealthy man who is happy to squire a much younger woman. While out on a date, Ellen runs into Tom and the two of them end up sharing a cab when she gets separated. He makes arrangements to call on her, but Grace, who still thinks that Tom is \"just a cowboy\" criticizes Ellen for wanting to see him.", "Two records were released that were neither cover versions of nor answers to Thornton's release, yet used a similar melody without any attribution to Leiber and Stoller. The first was Smiley Lewis's \"Play Girl\", credited to D. Bartholomew and released by the Imperial Records label (Imperial 45-5234) by the end of March 1953. Described as a \"stomping uptempo boogie rocker\", it began: \"You ain't nothin' but a Play Girl / Staying out all night long\". In April 1955, female impersonator Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy recorded \"Country Boy\" accompanied by His Orchestra that was released by RCA's Groove Records (Groove 4G-0106) by May 21. While credited solely to Kennedy, this song has a similar melody to \"Hound Dog\": \"'Country Boy' has a deceptively slouching flip on the 'Hound Dog' motif - this time with Tiny proclaiming proudly that he 'ain't nothing but a country boy'\". In the early 1970s Robert Loers, owner of Dutch label Redita Records, found a song with the same melody as \"Hound Dog\" called \"(You Ain't Nuttin' But a) Juicehead\" on an anonymous acetate at Select-o-Hits, the Memphis distributorship owned by Sam Phillips' brother, Tom, where Sun artifacts were stored. When Juice Head first appeared on a Redita Records LP [in 1974], it was credited to Rosco Gordon. But it's not Rosco. It simply is not him. Really. Even Rosco confirmed that. It might not even be a Memphis Recording Service demo. Just substitute the words \"Hound Dog\" for \"Juice Head\" and what have you got?"], "answer": {"text": "Country Boy", "answer_start": 524}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who whote that", "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#3", "question": "Who was that by", "rewrite": "Who was Country Boy by?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Country Boy (Alan Jackson song) \"Country Boy\" is a song composed and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It is the third single from his album \"Good Time\", having been released in September 2008. In January 2009, \"Country Boy\" became his twenty-fifth Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts, as well as the third straight Number One from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo backed mainly by electric guitar. In it, the male narrator addresses a female, inviting her to climb up into his four-wheel drive truck and telling her that he can take her wherever she wants, because he is a \"country boy\". It is considered one of the earliest popular examples of bro-country music. Brady Vercher of Engine 145 gave the song a \"thumbs down\" rating. His review called the song \"four minutes of triviality that declines to say anything more significant than 'I'm a country boy, I've got a 4 wheel drive\u2026 'Country Boy' is the kind of rubbish that would be expected from a new artist trying to prove their questionable country credentials rather than a respected veteran of the genre.\" His review also compared the song's theme to \"Country Man\", a Top Ten hit for Luke Bryan in mid-2008: \"where ['Country Man'] embraces it\u2019s own absurdity, 'Country Boy' tries to cover it\u2019s own suggestive innuendo.\" Jeffrey B. Remz of \"Country Standard Time\" described the song more favorably, saying that despite the song's often-used theme of Southern life, \"Jackson can lay claim to being the real deal and not a poseur.\" In late September 2008, Alan Jackson announced on his official YouTube channel that he was holding a music video contest for \"Country Boy\".", "Jesus Was a Country Boy  \"' Jesus Was a Country Boy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \"A Few Questions\". It peaked at #31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks in 2004. The song was written by Walker and Rivers Rutherford. In an interview with \"CMT\", Walker stated \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\" was meant to be twofold\u2014tongue-in-cheek for one, but there is a pretty deep meaning to it. The song is written in a more light-hearted way. I feel like people get so confused and wrapped up in religious doctrine that sometimes a person can lose what the meaning is\u2014if that makes any sense. We get so wrapped up in the doctrine of laws that we lose what the true meaning is, and that is to love your neighbor as yourself. That is kind of what this song is really about. It is more a Sermon-on-the-Mount song.\" Walker told \"Country France\", \"The material that was given to me to record is very different soundly. I wrote a few of the songs, I actually wrote a song called \u201cJesus Was A Country Boy\u201d, it\u2019s very different, kind of a bold statement. \" The male narrator explains that Jesus was a country boy because of the lifestyle Jesus lived which he compares to that of a \"country boy\". Dan MacIntosh of \"Country Standard Time\" wrote \"Walker is equally inept at theology, as this album's title track fails to help explain why bad things happen to good people, and \"Jesus Was A Country Boy\" isn't going to bring in any new converts.\"", "The Country Boy (play) The Country Boy: A Play in Three Acts is a play by Irish playwright, John Murphy (1924\u20131998). Himself a country boy and native of Charlestown, County Mayo who emigrated to the United States of America, \"The Country Boy\" reflects on the social problems of emigration and rural life in the late 1950s. \"The Country Boy\" is a comedy-drama set in the small Irish farmhouse of the Maher family, inhabitants of County Mayo. It tells the story of Curly, 25, who still lives at home with his parents, Tom and Mary Kate. But Curly dreams of following his older brother Eddie to the U.S. in pursuit of success, even if it means leaving his sweetheart, Eileen Tierney. Only upon Eddie's first return home (with wife, Julia) on vacation, are truths revealed of hardship, alcoholism, a troubled marriage, homesickness, and regrets. John Murphy died in May 1998 and was buried on the slopes of Nephin Mountain in Co. Mayo, a place the character of Tom Maher made reference to in the play. He was laid to rest as Eileen's song, \"Down By the Salley Gardens,\" was sung by the graveside. The Ulster Group Theatre company performed the first production of \"The Country Boy\" in April 1959 at the Group Theatre in Belfast.", "Thank God I'm a Country Boy \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy\", also known as \"Country Boy\" , is a song written by John Martin Sommers and recorded by American singer/songwriter John Denver. The song was originally included on Denver's 1974 album \"Back Home Again\". A version recorded live on August 26, 1974, at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles was included on his 1975 album \"An Evening with John Denver\". The live version was released as a single and went to No. 1 on both the \"Billboard magazine\" Hot Country Singles and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts. The song topped both charts for one week each, first the country chart (on May 31), and the Hot 100 chart a week later. \" Thank God I'm a Country Boy\" also became the name of a variety special show hosted by Denver in 1977. \"Thank God I'm a Country Boy \" was one of six songs released in 1975 that topped both the Billboard Hot 100 and \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles charts. Denver's two-sided hit \"I'm Sorry\"/\"Calypso\" also received that distinction. The song was written by John Martin Sommers, a guitar/banjo/fiddle/mandolin player in Denver's backup band, on December 31, 1973 (coincidentally Denver's thirtieth birthday) when he was driving from his home in Aspen, Colorado to Los Angeles. Sommers recalls that at the time he was feeling \u201cpeaceful, happy and content\u201d with his lot in life, and started scribbling some notes about his blissful state along the way. They served as the inspiration for the song. The song is in cut (2/2) time that is typical of two-step.", "Country Boy (Ricky Skaggs song) \"Country Boy\" is a song written by Tony Colton, Albert Lee, and Ray Smith of the British band Heads Hands & Feet, and recorded by American country music artist Ricky Skaggs. It was released in February 1985 as the second single and title track from the album \"Country Boy\". The song was Ricky Skaggs' ninth number-one country hit. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. The music video for \"Country Boy\" was was shot in New York City. In the video, a man named Uncle Pen played by Bill Monroe is visiting Ricky in his New York City office and is upset that Ricky has shed his country ways. (\"Uncle Pen\" is a song played by Bill Monroe which Ricky covered and took to #1 a year prior) Ricky leads Uncle Pen through New York City's streets, sights, and subways and shows through song and dance that he's still a \"country boy at heart\". It was directed by Martin Kahan. The video includes cameos by Ed Koch, the then-incumbent Mayor of New York City, as a cabdriver, dancer Charlotte d'Amboise, plus actor David Keith who comes in at the end of the video looking for Ricky. The video was one of four nominees for the first \"Music Video of the Year\" honor presented by the 19th Country Music Association Awards in October 1985. While Skaggs was named \"Entertainer of the Year\", the \"Country Boy\" video lost out to \" All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight\" by Hank Williams, Jr. and director John Goodhue."], "answer": {"text": "Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy", "answer_start": 487}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who whote that", "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other song", "answer": {"text": "Country Boy", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#4", "question": "What year was this", "rewrite": "What year was Country Boy by Jesse Kennedy called?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Country Boy (Ricky Skaggs song) \"Country Boy\" is a song written by Tony Colton, Albert Lee, and Ray Smith of the British band Heads Hands & Feet, and recorded by American country music artist Ricky Skaggs. It was released in February 1985 as the second single and title track from the album \"Country Boy\". The song was Ricky Skaggs' ninth number-one country hit. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. The music video for \"Country Boy\" was was shot in New York City. In the video, a man named Uncle Pen played by Bill Monroe is visiting Ricky in his New York City office and is upset that Ricky has shed his country ways. (\"Uncle Pen\" is a song played by Bill Monroe which Ricky covered and took to #1 a year prior) Ricky leads Uncle Pen through New York City's streets, sights, and subways and shows through song and dance that he's still a \"country boy at heart\". It was directed by Martin Kahan. The video includes cameos by Ed Koch, the then-incumbent Mayor of New York City, as a cabdriver, dancer Charlotte d'Amboise, plus actor David Keith who comes in at the end of the video looking for Ricky. The video was one of four nominees for the first \"Music Video of the Year\" honor presented by the 19th Country Music Association Awards in October 1985. While Skaggs was named \"Entertainer of the Year\", the \"Country Boy\" video lost out to \" All My Rowdy Friends Are Coming Over Tonight\" by Hank Williams, Jr. and director John Goodhue.", "Kennedy became the senior Vice President of creative advertising at MGM/UA in 1997. He oversaw the relaunch of the James Bond film franchise, beginning with \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" in 1997. He further established his own production studio, Technical Knock Out Pictures, in 2000. Additionally, Kennedy performed voice over work for numerous film trailers and promos for television networks, including Showtime and ABC. Tom Kennedy died in West Hills, California, on December 7, 2011, at the age of 63. He was survived by his three children: Jesse Kennedy, a film producer; Shane Kennedy, a musician; and Samantha Kennedy, an actress; and three grandchildren.", "Country Boy (Alan Jackson song) \"Country Boy\" is a song composed and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson. It is the third single from his album \"Good Time\", having been released in September 2008. In January 2009, \"Country Boy\" became his twenty-fifth Number One hit on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts, as well as the third straight Number One from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo backed mainly by electric guitar. In it, the male narrator addresses a female, inviting her to climb up into his four-wheel drive truck and telling her that he can take her wherever she wants, because he is a \"country boy\". It is considered one of the earliest popular examples of bro-country music. Brady Vercher of Engine 145 gave the song a \"thumbs down\" rating. His review called the song \"four minutes of triviality that declines to say anything more significant than 'I'm a country boy, I've got a 4 wheel drive\u2026 'Country Boy' is the kind of rubbish that would be expected from a new artist trying to prove their questionable country credentials rather than a respected veteran of the genre.\" His review also compared the song's theme to \"Country Man\", a Top Ten hit for Luke Bryan in mid-2008: \"where ['Country Man'] embraces it\u2019s own absurdity, 'Country Boy' tries to cover it\u2019s own suggestive innuendo.\" Jeffrey B. Remz of \"Country Standard Time\" described the song more favorably, saying that despite the song's often-used theme of Southern life, \"Jackson can lay claim to being the real deal and not a poseur.\" In late September 2008, Alan Jackson announced on his official YouTube channel that he was holding a music video contest for \"Country Boy\".", "Jesus Was a Country Boy  \"' Jesus Was a Country Boy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Clay Walker. It was released in July 2004 as the third and final single from his album \"A Few Questions\". It peaked at #31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks in 2004. The song was written by Walker and Rivers Rutherford. In an interview with \"CMT\", Walker stated \"Jesus Was a Country Boy\" was meant to be twofold\u2014tongue-in-cheek for one, but there is a pretty deep meaning to it. The song is written in a more light-hearted way. I feel like people get so confused and wrapped up in religious doctrine that sometimes a person can lose what the meaning is\u2014if that makes any sense. We get so wrapped up in the doctrine of laws that we lose what the true meaning is, and that is to love your neighbor as yourself. That is kind of what this song is really about. It is more a Sermon-on-the-Mount song.\" Walker told \"Country France\", \"The material that was given to me to record is very different soundly. I wrote a few of the songs, I actually wrote a song called \u201cJesus Was A Country Boy\u201d, it\u2019s very different, kind of a bold statement. \" The male narrator explains that Jesus was a country boy because of the lifestyle Jesus lived which he compares to that of a \"country boy\". Dan MacIntosh of \"Country Standard Time\" wrote \"Walker is equally inept at theology, as this album's title track fails to help explain why bad things happen to good people, and \"Jesus Was A Country Boy\" isn't going to bring in any new converts.\"", "A few days after the offer was made, Pierre Salinger, the campaign's press secretary, had asked Jack Kennedy whether he really expected Johnson to accept the offer or if he was merely making a polite gesture. Kennedy responded cryptically: \"The whole story will never be known. And it's just as well that it won't be.\" \"The only people who were involved in the discussions were Jack and myself,\" said Robert Kennedy. \"We both promised each other that we'd never tell what happened.\" Biographers Robert Caro and W. Marvin Watson offer a different perspective; they write that the Kennedy campaign was desperate to win what was forecast to be a very close race against Richard Nixon and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.. Johnson was needed on the ticket to help carry votes from Texas and the Southern United States. Caro's research showed that on July 14, Kennedy started the process while Johnson was still asleep. At 6:30 a.m., Kennedy asked his brother to prepare an estimate of upcoming electoral votes, \"including Texas.\" Robert Kennedy called Pierre Salinger and Kenneth O'Donnell to assist him. Realizing the ramifications of counting Texas votes as their own, Salinger asked him whether he was considering a Kennedy-Johnson ticket, and Robert replied, \"yes\". Between 9 and 10 a.m., John Kennedy called Pennsylvania governor David L. Lawrence, a Johnson backer, to request that Lawrence nominate Johnson for vice president if Johnson were to accept the role and then went to Johnson's suite to discuss a mutual ticket at 10:15 a.m. John Kennedy then returned to his suite to announce the Kennedy-Johnson ticket to his closest supporters and Northern political bosses. He accepted the congratulations of Ohio governor Michael DiSalle, Connecticut governor Abraham A. Ribicoff, Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley, and"], "answer": {"text": "1955,", "answer_start": 461}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who whote that", "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other song", "answer": {"text": "Country Boy", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was that by", "answer": {"text": "Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy", "answer_start": 487, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#5", "question": "What was the others year", "rewrite": "What was the year Play Girl was made?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Play Girl (1932 film) Play Girl is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic drama film starring Winnie Lightner, Loretta Young, and Norman Foster. The screenplay concerns a young woman who marries a professional gambler.", "Two records were released that were neither cover versions of nor answers to Thornton's release, yet used a similar melody without any attribution to Leiber and Stoller. The first was Smiley Lewis's \"Play Girl\", credited to D. Bartholomew and released by the Imperial Records label (Imperial 45-5234) by the end of March 1953. Described as a \"stomping uptempo boogie rocker\", it began: \"You ain't nothin' but a Play Girl / Staying out all night long\". In April 1955, female impersonator Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy recorded \"Country Boy\" accompanied by His Orchestra that was released by RCA's Groove Records (Groove 4G-0106) by May 21. While credited solely to Kennedy, this song has a similar melody to \"Hound Dog\": \"'Country Boy' has a deceptively slouching flip on the 'Hound Dog' motif - this time with Tiny proclaiming proudly that he 'ain't nothing but a country boy'\". In the early 1970s Robert Loers, owner of Dutch label Redita Records, found a song with the same melody as \"Hound Dog\" called \"(You Ain't Nuttin' But a) Juicehead\" on an anonymous acetate at Select-o-Hits, the Memphis distributorship owned by Sam Phillips' brother, Tom, where Sun artifacts were stored. When Juice Head first appeared on a Redita Records LP [in 1974], it was credited to Rosco Gordon. But it's not Rosco. It simply is not him. Really. Even Rosco confirmed that. It might not even be a Memphis Recording Service demo. Just substitute the words \"Hound Dog\" for \"Juice Head\" and what have you got?", "A non-Equity North American national tour started in January 2016 in Utica, New York, and ran through April 2017, starring Sam Cieri and Mackenzie Lesser-Roy, who would go on to reprise the role of Girl in SpeakEasy Stage Company's 2019 production in Boston. On July 7th 2019 it was announced that the show would once again tour the U.S. beginning on 22 August in Ft. Myers, Florida and travelling into 2020. Jack Gerhard will play Guy opposite Mariah Lotz as Girl. Original Broadway and Off-Broadway cast member, J. Michael Zygo, will be the director and musical director. The first Australian production premiered at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne on 26 September 2014, and ran through 1 February 2015. Tom Parsons and Madeleine Jones played Guy and Girl. It was presented in association with the Melbourne Theatre Company. The first non-English production by Seensee Company, premiered on 14th, December 2014, scheduled to run through 29 March 2015. Do-hyun Yoon and Chang-hee Lee play Guy, Mi-do Jeon and Ji-yeon Park play Girl. A Canadian company opened 10 February and played through 28 June 2015 at the Ed Mirvish Theatre. The production starred Ian Lake as Guy and Trish Lindstr\u00f6m as Girl. It garnered seven Dora Mavor Moore Award nominations in the Musical Theatre Division and won three, for Outstanding Production, Outstanding Ensemble and Outstanding Performance - Female for Lindstr\u00f6m. In March 2015, it was announced that \"Once\" would return to Dublin. It was scheduled to play a limited run from 4 July to 22 August at the Olympia Theatre. The cast included Tom Parsons as Guy and Megan Riordan as Girl. On 28 July, it was then announced that \"Once\" had been extended and would run until 12 September.", "The Play Girl The Play Girl is a 1928 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Arthur Rosson and starring Madge Bellamy, Johnny Mack Brown and Walter McGrail.", "Play Girl Play Girl is a 1941 romantic comedy film, starring Kay Francis as an aging gold digger who decides to pass on her skills to a young proteg\u00e9e, and featuring James Ellison, Mildred Coles, Nigel Bruce, Margaret Hamilton and Katherine Alexander. Grace Herbert (Kay Francis) is a 30-something woman who has made her living from seducing wealthy men and suing them for breach of promise. At the end of her finances, she and her maid, Josie (Margaret Hamilton) head to Miami where Grace hopes to find another rich man. When that plan falls through, she stumbles upon Ellen Daley (Mildred Coles), a young lady who is looking for a job as a secretary. Instead, Grace decide to make the girl her protege and teach her how to make money leading older wealthier men on for money. They leave for Chicago, and on the way meet Tom Dice (James Ellison) when he fixes their flat tire. All they know is that he's a cowboy, and while Ellen is attracted to him, Grace dismisses him. Grace introduces Ellen to Bill Vincent (Nigel Bruce), a vain man who likes young women, and who coaches Ellen on exactly how to lead a man on enough to get expensive presents from him, including a fat settlement to avoid a lawsuit. Despite some initial misgivings, Ellen begins to enjoy her role. After they are finished with Vincent in Chicago, the ladies move on to New York City and Van Payson (G.P. Huntley), another older wealthy man who is happy to squire a much younger woman. While out on a date, Ellen runs into Tom and the two of them end up sharing a cab when she gets separated. He makes arrangements to call on her, but Grace, who still thinks that Tom is \"just a cowboy\" criticizes Ellen for wanting to see him."], "answer": {"text": "March 1953.", "answer_start": 315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who whote that", "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other song", "answer": {"text": "Country Boy", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was that by", "answer": {"text": "Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy", "answer_start": 487, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this", "answer": {"text": "1955,", "answer_start": 461, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#6", "question": "who was the next to do this", "rewrite": "who was the next to Rip Off?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thus, the mean surface over the bars is higher than that over the gap, and a strong flow issues outward through the gap. Rip currents have a characteristic appearance, and, with some experience, they can be visually identified from the shore before entering the water. This is useful to lifeguards, swimmers, surfers, boaters, divers and other water users, who may need to avoid a rip, or in some cases make use of the current flow. Rip currents often look a bit like a road or a river running straight out to sea, and are easiest to notice and identify when the zone of breaking waves is viewed from a high vantage point. The following are some characteristics that can be used to visually identify a rip: These characteristics are helpful in learning to recognize and understand the nature of rip currents so that a person can recognize the presence of rips before entering the water. In the United States, some beaches have signs created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and United States Lifesaving Association, explaining what a rip current is and how to escape one. These signs are titled, \"Rip Currents; Break the Grip of the Rip\". Beachgoers can get information from lifeguards, who are always watching for rip currents, and who will move their safety flags so that swimmers can avoid rips. Rip currents are a potential source of danger for people in shallow water with breaking waves in seas, oceans and lakes. Rip currents are the proximate cause of 80% of rescues carried out by beach lifeguards. Rip currents typically flow at about , but they can be as fast as , which is faster than any human can swim. However, most rip currents are fairly narrow, and even the widest rip currents are not very wide; usually swimmers can exit the rip easily by swimming at a right angle to the flow, parallel to the beach.", "Rip holds an electrifying speech to preserve the town, and the conservative members of the town council listen to him rather than Mary, whose proposition is laid to the side. Mary writes a bold and angry editorial against Rip in the local newspaper, which is run by her family. Rip starts a charm offensive towards Mary to soften her up, but she holds her ground. The two combatants are attracted to each other though. They spend a lot of time together while Rip secretly gathers information for his survey. One of Rip's colleagues warns him that he is becoming too involved in the subject he is supposed to be studying, but Rip is blinded by his attraction to Mary. Rip starts coaching the school basketball team, and attends a school dance where he meets Mary's family. When Rip later slips away to talk to his client over the phone, Mary follows him, eavesdrops on the conversation, and finds out the truth about Rip being in town. Angered by his deceit, she publishes the story in the newspaper the next day. A larger nationwide paper picks up the story, and soon the town is crawling with reporters. The town is called \"the public opinion capital of the U.S.\" and its inhabitants start selling their views on consumer products on every street corner. The city council start making bold plans to expand the town, and both Rip and Mary feel ashamed of what they have done to change the town structure. Rip leaves Grandview and Mary and returns home. Soon enough a strange poll from Grandview says Americans would want a female president. The town is ridiculed in the press and the expansion plans get an abrupt ending. But Rip cannot forget Mary, and he returns to Grandview to reveal his true feelings. Mary admits she has feelings for him too, but also tells Rip that they have to fix the mess they have caused in Grandview before they can start a relationship.", "Like Dandelion Dust Like Dandelion Dust is a 2009 drama film directed by Jon Gunn and based on the novel by the same name by Karen Kingsbury. The film won 26 awards at 23 film festivals. Two police officers knock on the door of a home and a drunk man answers. Rip Porter lives at the house with his wife Wendy. The police say they are checking on an emergency call  and find Rip drunk and Wendy injured. They arrest Rip, and he is sent to prison. Seven years later, Rip is released from prison. Rip has changed; he is now sober and has taken anger management courses. When Rip suggests starting a family, Wendy feels forced to reveal that she gave birth to their son while he was in prison but gave the baby up for adoption to the Campbells who live in Florida. Rip immediately wants custody of his son, and has a right to do so because Wendy forged his signature on the adoption papers. Jack and Molly Campbell have enjoyed an idyllic life with Joey, Wendy and Rip's son. When a judge upholds Rip and Wendy's claim, Molly and Jack are distraught. Joey's first visit with Wendy and Rip goes exceptionally well. As a last resort, Jack travels to Ohio and offers Rip money in exchange for Joey. Rip refuses, and gets in a physical altercation with Jack. Since this confrontation, Rip starts drinking again due to stress. On the next visit when Joey refuses to take a shower, Rip is at first patient but eventually loses his temper. He roughly puts Joey in the shower, and unintentionally leaves a bruise on Joey's arm. Before Joey leaves, Wendy tells him about making a wish by blowing on a dandelion. Once he's gone, Wendy tells Rip that she arranged for Joey to spend an extra week with Jack and Molly. This upsets Rip and he seriously assaults Wendy.", "The Hunt (The Twilight Zone)  \" The Hunt\" is episode 84 of the American television anthology series \"The Twilight Zone\". It originally aired on January 26, 1962 on CBS. Hyder Simpson is an elderly mountain man who lives with his wife Rachel and his hound dog Rip in the backwoods. Rachel does not like having the dog indoors, but Rip saved Hyder's life once and Hyder refuses to part with him. Rachel has seen some bad omens recently and warns Hyder not to go raccoon hunting that night. When Rip dives into a pond after a raccoon, Hyder jumps in after him. Only the raccoon comes up out of the water. The next morning, Hyder and Rip wake up next to the pond. When they return home, Hyder finds that Rachel, the preacher, and the neighbors cannot hear or see him, and are tending to the burial of both him and Rip. Walking along the road, Hyder and Rip encounter an unfamiliar fence and follow it. They come to a gate tended by a man, who explains that Hyder can enter the Elysian Fields of the afterlife. Told that Rip cannot enter and will be taken to a special afterlife for dogs, Hyder angrily declines the offer of entry and decides to keep walking along the \"Eternity Road,\" saying, \"Any place that's too high-falutin' for Rip is too fancy for me.\" Later, Hyder and Rip stop to rest and are met by a young man, who introduces himself as an angel dispatched to find them and take them to Heaven. When Hyder recounts his previous encounter, the angel tells him that gate is actually the entrance to Hell. The gatekeeper had stopped Rip from entering because Rip would have smelled the brimstone inside and warned Hyder that something was wrong.", "Rip current A rip current, often simply called a rip (or misleadingly \"rip tide\"), is a specific kind of water current which can occur near beaches with breaking waves. A rip is a strong, localized, and narrow current of water which moves directly away from the shore, cutting through the lines of breaking waves like a river running out to sea, and is strongest near the surface of the water. Rip currents can be hazardous to people in the water. Swimmers who are caught in a rip current and who do not understand what is going on, and who may not have the necessary water skills, may panic, or exhaust themselves by trying to swim directly against the flow of water. Because of these factors, rips are the leading cause of rescues by lifeguards at beaches, and rips are the cause of an average of 46 deaths by drowning per year in the United States. A rip current is not the same thing as undertow, although some people use the term incorrectly when they often mean a rip current. Contrary to popular belief, neither rip nor undertow can pull a person down and hold them under the water. A rip simply carries floating objects, including people, out beyond the zone of the breaking waves. A rip current forms because wind and breaking waves push surface water towards the land, and this causes a slight rise in the water level along the shore. This excess water will tend to flow back to the open water via the route of least resistance. When there is a local area which is slightly deeper, or a break in an offshore sand bar or reef, this can allow water to flow offshore more easily, and this will initiate a rip current through that gap."], "answer": {"text": "melody as \"Hound Dog\" called \"(You Ain't Nuttin' But a) Juicehead", "answer_start": 973}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who whote that", "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other song", "answer": {"text": "Country Boy", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was that by", "answer": {"text": "Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy", "answer_start": 487, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this", "answer": {"text": "1955,", "answer_start": 461, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the others year", "answer": {"text": "March 1953.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#7", "question": "Who owened this", "rewrite": "Who owened \"Hound Dog\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["North American received a production contract to build Hound Dogs on 16 October 1958. The first production Hound Dog missile was then delivered to the Air Force on 21 December 1959. 722 Hound Dog missiles were produced by North American Aviation before its production of them ended in March 1963. In May 1961, an improved Hound Dog missile was test-flown for the first time. This upgrade incorporated improvements to reduce its radar cross-section. The Hound Dog already had a low head-on radar cross-section because of its highly swept delta wings. This low radar cross-section was lowered further by replacing its nose cap, engine intake spike, and engine duct with new radar-absorbent material components that scattered or absorbed radar energy. It has been reported that these radar cross-section improvements were removed as Hound Dogs were withdrawn from service. The GAM-77A version of the GAM-77 also included a new Kollsman Instruments KS-140 star tracker that was integrated with the N-6 inertial navigation system. This unit replaced the star tracker that had been located in the B-52's wing pylon. The fuel capacity of the GAM-77A was increased during this upgrade. A radar altimeter was added to the missile to provide (vertical) terrain-following radar capability to the Hound Dog. 428 Hound Dog missiles were upgraded to the GAM-77A configuration by North American. 66 GAM-77A Hound Dog missiles were launched for testing and training up through April 1973. In June 1963 the GAM-77 and GAM-77A were re-designated AGM-28A and AGM-28B, respectively. In 1971, a Hound Dog missile was test-flown with a newly developed Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) navigation system.", "A Kollsman Instruments Co. star tracker located in the B-52's pylon was used to correct inertial navigation system orientation errors with celestial observations while the Hound Dog was being carried by the B-52. The INS could also be used to determine the bomber's position after the initial calibration and \"leveling\" process, which took about 90 minutes. The Hound Dog had a circular error probable (CEP) of , which was acceptable for a weapon equipped with a nuclear warhead. The thermonuclear warhead carried by the Hound Dog was the W28 Class D. The W28 warhead could be preset to yield an explosive power of between 70 kilotons and 1.45 megatons. Detonation of the Hound Dog's W28 warhead could be programmed to occur on impact (ground burst) or air burst at a preset altitude. An air burst would have been used against a large area, soft target. A surface impact would have been used against a hard target such as a missile site or command and control center. The Hound Dog could be launched from the B-52 Stratofortress at high altitudes or low altitudes, but not below in altitude. Initially, three different flight profiles for the Hound Dog were available for selection by the commander and the bombardier of the bomber (though other options were added later): The first air-drop test of a dummy Hound Dog was carried out in November 1958. 52 GAM-77A missiles were launched for testing and training purposes between 23 April 1959 and 30 August 1965. Hound Dog launches occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, and at the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The Hound Dog missile's development was completed in only 30 months.", "Reportedly, the designation AGM-28C was reserved for this version of the Hound Dog if development had been continued. While a Hound Dog with TERCOM was never deployed, this technology, with much better electronics and digital computers, was later used in both the Air Force's Air Launched Cruise Missile and the Navy's Tomahawk. In 1972, the Bendix Corporation was awarded a contract to develop an anti-radiation missile passive radar seeker to guide the Hound Dog missile to antennas transmitting radar signals. A Hound Dog with this radar seeker was test-flown in 1973, but never mass-produced. On December 21, 1959, General Thomas S. Power, the Commander in Chief of the U.S. Air Force's Strategic Air Command (SAC), formally accepted the first production Hound Dog missile. Just two months later in February, SAC test-launched its first unarmed Hound Dog at Eglin Air Force Base. In July 1960, the Hound Dog reached initial operational capability with the first B-52 unit. The Hound Dog was used on airborne alert for the first time in January 1962. In 1962, SAC activated missile maintenance squadrons to provide maintenance for both the Hound Dog and the ADM-20 Quail decoy missile. Full operational capability was achieved in August 1963 when 29 B-52 bomber wings were operational with the Hound Dog. In 1960, SAC developed procedures so that the B-52 could use the Hound Dog's J52 engine for additional thrust while the missile was located on the bomber's two pylons. This helped heavily laden B-52s fly away from their airbases faster, before enemy nuclear weapons obliterated them. The Hound Dog could then be refueled from the B-52's wing fuel tanks.", "The importance of Hound Dog in penetrating the Soviet air-defense system was later described by Senator John F. Kennedy in a speech to the American Legion convention in Miami, Florida, on October 18, 1960: \"We must take immediate steps to protect our present nuclear striking force from surprise attack. Today, more than 90 percent of our retaliatory capacity is made up of aircraft and missiles which have fixed, un-protectable bases whose location is known to the Russians. We can only do this by providing SAC with the capability of maintaining a continuous airborne alert, and by pressing projects such as the Hound Dog air-ground missile, which will enable manned bombers to penetrate Soviet defenses with their weapons\". The Hound Dog missile's airframe was an adaptation of technology developed in the SM-64 Navaho missile, adapted for launching from the B-52. The Hound Dog's design was based on that of the Navaho G-38 missile, which featured small delta wings and forward canards. A Pratt & Whitney J52-P-3 turbojet propelled the Hound Dog, instead of Navaho's ramjet engine. The J52 engine was located in a pod located beneath the rear fuselage. The J52-P-3 used in the Hound Dog, unlike J52s installed in aircraft like the A-4 Skyhawk or the A-6 Intruder, was optimized to run at maximum power during the missile's flight. As a result, the Hound Dog's version of the J52 had a short operating lifetime of only six hours. However, in combat, the Hound Dog was expected to self-destruct in less than six hours. A derivative of the Navaho's NAA Autonetics Division N-6 inertial navigation system (INS), the N5G, was used in the Hound Dog.", "One Hound Dog missile crashed near the town of Samson, Alabama, when it failed to self-destruct after a test launch from Eglin Air Force Base. In 1962, a Hound Dog was accidentally dropped to the ground during an underwing systems check. In May 1962, operation \"Silk Hat\" was conducted at Eglin Air Force Base. During this exercise, a Hound Dog test launch was conducted before an audience of national and international dignitaries headed by President John F. Kennedy and Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson. On September 22, 1966, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara recommended retiring all of the remaining Hound Dog missiles within a few years. The Hound Dogs would be retained pending the outcome of the Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) guidance system development program. Secretary McNamara's recommendation was not acted upon, and the Hound Dog remained in service. After thirteen years of service with the Air Force, the last Hound Dog missile was removed from alert deployment on June 30, 1975. The Hound Dog missiles were kept in dead storage for a number of years. The last Hound Dog was retired for scrapping on June 15, 1978, from the 42nd Bomb Wing at Loring Air Force Base, Maine. No Hound Dog missile was ever used in combat, since it was strictly a weapon for nuclear warfare. The number of Hound Dog missiles in service, by year: All of the surviving missiles are located in the contiguous United States. Where it received the name Hound Dog has been the source of argument for decades. In recent years, however, people have given credit to fans in the Air Force of Elvis Presley's version of \"Hound Dog\"."], "answer": {"text": "Memphis distributorship owned by Sam Phillips' brother, Tom,", "answer_start": 1086}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who whote that", "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other song", "answer": {"text": "Country Boy", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was that by", "answer": {"text": "Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy", "answer_start": 487, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this", "answer": {"text": "1955,", "answer_start": 461, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the others year", "answer": {"text": "March 1953.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the next to do this", "answer": {"text": "melody as \"Hound Dog\" called \"(You Ain't Nuttin' But a) Juicehead", "answer_start": 973, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b08984df4b8945a8b57479ab8e111dd4_1_q#8", "question": "What happened next", "rewrite": "What happened after \"Hound Dog\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A Kollsman Instruments Co. star tracker located in the B-52's pylon was used to correct inertial navigation system orientation errors with celestial observations while the Hound Dog was being carried by the B-52. The INS could also be used to determine the bomber's position after the initial calibration and \"leveling\" process, which took about 90 minutes. The Hound Dog had a circular error probable (CEP) of , which was acceptable for a weapon equipped with a nuclear warhead. The thermonuclear warhead carried by the Hound Dog was the W28 Class D. The W28 warhead could be preset to yield an explosive power of between 70 kilotons and 1.45 megatons. Detonation of the Hound Dog's W28 warhead could be programmed to occur on impact (ground burst) or air burst at a preset altitude. An air burst would have been used against a large area, soft target. A surface impact would have been used against a hard target such as a missile site or command and control center. The Hound Dog could be launched from the B-52 Stratofortress at high altitudes or low altitudes, but not below in altitude. Initially, three different flight profiles for the Hound Dog were available for selection by the commander and the bombardier of the bomber (though other options were added later): The first air-drop test of a dummy Hound Dog was carried out in November 1958. 52 GAM-77A missiles were launched for testing and training purposes between 23 April 1959 and 30 August 1965. Hound Dog launches occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, and at the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The Hound Dog missile's development was completed in only 30 months.", "Reportedly, the designation AGM-28C was reserved for this version of the Hound Dog if development had been continued. While a Hound Dog with TERCOM was never deployed, this technology, with much better electronics and digital computers, was later used in both the Air Force's Air Launched Cruise Missile and the Navy's Tomahawk. In 1972, the Bendix Corporation was awarded a contract to develop an anti-radiation missile passive radar seeker to guide the Hound Dog missile to antennas transmitting radar signals. A Hound Dog with this radar seeker was test-flown in 1973, but never mass-produced. On December 21, 1959, General Thomas S. Power, the Commander in Chief of the U.S. Air Force's Strategic Air Command (SAC), formally accepted the first production Hound Dog missile. Just two months later in February, SAC test-launched its first unarmed Hound Dog at Eglin Air Force Base. In July 1960, the Hound Dog reached initial operational capability with the first B-52 unit. The Hound Dog was used on airborne alert for the first time in January 1962. In 1962, SAC activated missile maintenance squadrons to provide maintenance for both the Hound Dog and the ADM-20 Quail decoy missile. Full operational capability was achieved in August 1963 when 29 B-52 bomber wings were operational with the Hound Dog. In 1960, SAC developed procedures so that the B-52 could use the Hound Dog's J52 engine for additional thrust while the missile was located on the bomber's two pylons. This helped heavily laden B-52s fly away from their airbases faster, before enemy nuclear weapons obliterated them. The Hound Dog could then be refueled from the B-52's wing fuel tanks.", "One Hound Dog missile crashed near the town of Samson, Alabama, when it failed to self-destruct after a test launch from Eglin Air Force Base. In 1962, a Hound Dog was accidentally dropped to the ground during an underwing systems check. In May 1962, operation \"Silk Hat\" was conducted at Eglin Air Force Base. During this exercise, a Hound Dog test launch was conducted before an audience of national and international dignitaries headed by President John F. Kennedy and Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson. On September 22, 1966, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara recommended retiring all of the remaining Hound Dog missiles within a few years. The Hound Dogs would be retained pending the outcome of the Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) guidance system development program. Secretary McNamara's recommendation was not acted upon, and the Hound Dog remained in service. After thirteen years of service with the Air Force, the last Hound Dog missile was removed from alert deployment on June 30, 1975. The Hound Dog missiles were kept in dead storage for a number of years. The last Hound Dog was retired for scrapping on June 15, 1978, from the 42nd Bomb Wing at Loring Air Force Base, Maine. No Hound Dog missile was ever used in combat, since it was strictly a weapon for nuclear warfare. The number of Hound Dog missiles in service, by year: All of the surviving missiles are located in the contiguous United States. Where it received the name Hound Dog has been the source of argument for decades. In recent years, however, people have given credit to fans in the Air Force of Elvis Presley's version of \"Hound Dog\".", "North American received a production contract to build Hound Dogs on 16 October 1958. The first production Hound Dog missile was then delivered to the Air Force on 21 December 1959. 722 Hound Dog missiles were produced by North American Aviation before its production of them ended in March 1963. In May 1961, an improved Hound Dog missile was test-flown for the first time. This upgrade incorporated improvements to reduce its radar cross-section. The Hound Dog already had a low head-on radar cross-section because of its highly swept delta wings. This low radar cross-section was lowered further by replacing its nose cap, engine intake spike, and engine duct with new radar-absorbent material components that scattered or absorbed radar energy. It has been reported that these radar cross-section improvements were removed as Hound Dogs were withdrawn from service. The GAM-77A version of the GAM-77 also included a new Kollsman Instruments KS-140 star tracker that was integrated with the N-6 inertial navigation system. This unit replaced the star tracker that had been located in the B-52's wing pylon. The fuel capacity of the GAM-77A was increased during this upgrade. A radar altimeter was added to the missile to provide (vertical) terrain-following radar capability to the Hound Dog. 428 Hound Dog missiles were upgraded to the GAM-77A configuration by North American. 66 GAM-77A Hound Dog missiles were launched for testing and training up through April 1973. In June 1963 the GAM-77 and GAM-77A were re-designated AGM-28A and AGM-28B, respectively. In 1971, a Hound Dog missile was test-flown with a newly developed Terrain Contour Matching (TERCOM) navigation system.", "The importance of Hound Dog in penetrating the Soviet air-defense system was later described by Senator John F. Kennedy in a speech to the American Legion convention in Miami, Florida, on October 18, 1960: \"We must take immediate steps to protect our present nuclear striking force from surprise attack. Today, more than 90 percent of our retaliatory capacity is made up of aircraft and missiles which have fixed, un-protectable bases whose location is known to the Russians. We can only do this by providing SAC with the capability of maintaining a continuous airborne alert, and by pressing projects such as the Hound Dog air-ground missile, which will enable manned bombers to penetrate Soviet defenses with their weapons\". The Hound Dog missile's airframe was an adaptation of technology developed in the SM-64 Navaho missile, adapted for launching from the B-52. The Hound Dog's design was based on that of the Navaho G-38 missile, which featured small delta wings and forward canards. A Pratt & Whitney J52-P-3 turbojet propelled the Hound Dog, instead of Navaho's ramjet engine. The J52 engine was located in a pod located beneath the rear fuselage. The J52-P-3 used in the Hound Dog, unlike J52s installed in aircraft like the A-4 Skyhawk or the A-6 Intruder, was optimized to run at maximum power during the missile's flight. As a result, the Hound Dog's version of the J52 had a short operating lifetime of only six hours. However, in combat, the Hound Dog was expected to self-destruct in less than six hours. A derivative of the Navaho's NAA Autonetics Division N-6 inertial navigation system (INS), the N5G, was used in the Hound Dog."], "answer": {"text": "Rosco Gordon.", "answer_start": 1264}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first rip off?", "answer": {"text": "Play Girl", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who whote that", "answer": {"text": "Smiley Lewis's", "answer_start": 184, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other song", "answer": {"text": "Country Boy", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was that by", "answer": {"text": "Jesse \"Big 'Tiny'\" Kennedy", "answer_start": 487, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this", "answer": {"text": "1955,", "answer_start": 461, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the others year", "answer": {"text": "March 1953.", "answer_start": 315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was the next to do this", "answer": {"text": "melody as \"Hound Dog\" called \"(You Ain't Nuttin' But a) Juicehead", "answer_start": 973, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who owened this", "answer": {"text": "Memphis distributorship owned by Sam Phillips' brother, Tom,", "answer_start": 1086, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c0b654c0395c48d1ba55c4bc29d68c06_1_q#0", "question": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "rewrite": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" monument of Matthew Fontaine Maury is located on Monument Avenue at Belmont Avenue, closest to the Arthur Ashe monument. In 1915 the Matthew Fontaine Maury Association was founded with the purpose of erecting a monument to Maury though serious fundraising did not happen until after the end of the First World War. Eventually the United Daughters of the Confederacy joined in the fundraising, the State Virginia and the City of Richmond each donated $1,000, and even President Wilson, a native Virginian, joined the Association. The committee selected Richmond sculptor Frederick William Sievers, the author of many Lost Cause memorials, to produce the work and he created the \"most allegorical of Richmond's monuments. \" The monument was unveiled as part of an Armistice Day celebration on November 11, 1929. The figure of Maury faces eastward, toward the Atlantic Ocean that the \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" charted. He holds in his left hand a pencil and compass and in his right hand a copy of his charts. Beside his left foot is his book, \"Physical Geography of the Sea\", as well as a Bible, indicating the central role that faith played in Maury's life. A globe of the Earth is tilted slightly on its axis behind his head. It represents both land and sea, and the woman standing calmly is a representation of Mother Nature between the land and sea. Around the base of the globe are depictions of people clinging to a sinking boat in bad weather representing the dangers of the sea with a woman in the center, and on the right (north) side of the globe there is a farmer, boy and a dog representing Maury's work promoting land weather service, which dates back further than 1853.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury School The Matthew Fontaine Maury School (also known as Maury School), in Fredericksburg, Virginia, is an historic school building noted for its Colonial Revival architecture and design as well as its significance in the entertainment and cultural life of Fredericksburg. The architect of the building was Philip Stern. Built in 1919-1920, the school was used from then until 1952 for both elementary and high-school students. After the construction of James Monroe High School, the building was used as an elementary- and middle-school. The school was closed in 1980. Maury School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. The school is located on in an area of Fredericksburg bounded by George, Kenmore, William and Barton streets. The site had been previously used as a potter's field and an African-American cemetery. Prior to construction, the graves were relocated to Shiloh Cemetery in Fredericksburg. The original school building was Fredericksburg High School. It consisted of one building facing George Street. An auditorium was added to the school in 1930. In 1937, the school was enlarged with the addition of James Monroe Elementary School, a separate building connected by a covered walk, and the name was changed to James Monroe High School. In 1952, when the city built a new high school, the building was renamed Matthew Fontaine Maury School and served as the city's middle school until it was closed in 1980. After the school was closed, it was used for several years by the Fredericksburg Police Academy and, later, as a homeless shelter. In 2007, the Maury School building was converted into condominia. Included in the Historic Places designation is the school's stadium. This stadium was built in 1935 and, despite the construction of two different high schools to replace it, James Monroe High School sports teams continue to use it for home games.", "Born very near Fredericksburg, Virginia, to Richard Maury (son of Rev. James Maury) and Diana (Minor) Maury (daughter of General John Minor). John Minor Maury was appointed midshipman on 16 January 1809 and commissioned Lieutenant 28 June 1811. He married Eliza Herndon Maury, daughter of Elizabeth Brooke and Fontaine Maury. Sons: William Maury (d.y.) and Dabney Herndon Maury. John Minor Maury was named after his ancestor, General John Minor. It is a name that continues through several generations. Matthew Fontaine Maury also had a nephew named (Lieutenant) John Minor Maury who was on the 1854 U S Navy Darien Expedition. John served on the \"Essex\" and \"Essex Junior\" (captured, ex-\"HMS Atlantic.) \" He served on the \"Essex Jr.\" in the Pacific, which brought home the survivors including Captain David Porter of the Essex which was destroyed in battle. John Minor Maury was promoted to first lieutenant, 1811; made flag captain to Commodore David Porter's fleet engaged in suppressing West Indian pirates, 1824. During the War of 1812, he participated in the Battle of Lake Champlain under Commander Thomas Macdonough in the complete victory over the British flotilla, which was captured or sunk. John Minor Maury wrote to a friend in Fredericksburg, \"We have gained a glorious victory. I hope the most important result of it will be to confirm the wavering allegiance of New York and Vermont to the Union. They have been threatening to secede unless peace be made with England on any terms!\" Soon after the close of the American war with England, the pirates of the West Indies had become a terror to all who sailed those seas.", "Goshen Pass Goshen Pass is a water gap, or gorge, in the Little North Mountain, formed by the passage of the Maury River, approximately northwest of Lexington in Rockbridge County, Virginia. State Route 39 traverses the pass along the banks of the Maury River. Goshen Pass is the site of the Matthew Fontaine Maury memorial overlooking the Maury river. After Maury's death, his body was taken from the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Along the way the coach stopped at the Goshen pass, per Maury's request, to pick some of his favorite flowers, rhododendrons, and mountain-ivy before continuing onward to Richmond. Subsequently, a memorial to him was placed there, consisting of a vertical stone monument, showing Maury's face and an inscription a poem written by Mrs. Margaret Junkin Preston as cited on the webpage. In addition, high above the river below, a huge anchor and chain were placed, honoring Maury's naval service. Matthew Fontaine Maury is buried between Virginian presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury High School Matthew Fontaine Maury High School also known as Maury High School, one of five city comprehensive high schools, is a high school located in the Ghent area of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Ghent, the community immediately surrounding Maury High School, has experienced a period of renewal which includes upscale single-family and town home construction along with a steady increase of small businesses. Maury's school mascot is the Commodore. The high school is named for Matthew Fontaine Maury. It is home of the Medical and Health Specialty Program. In 2007, Newsweek placed Maury High School in the top 1300 of America's Top Public High Schools. Maury High School and rival Granby High School were the only schools from the Norfolk Public School system to place. Maury High School opened its doors in 1911 and was completely renovated in 1986. This modernization maintained the architectural integrity of the original neo-classical structure while converting Maury into an educational facility complete with media center and cafeteria atria where unused courtyards once stood."], "answer": {"text": "he obtained a naval appointment through the influence of Tennessee Representative Sam Houston, a family friend, in 1825, at the age of 19.", "answer_start": 929}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c0b654c0395c48d1ba55c4bc29d68c06_1_q#1", "question": "What did he achieve?", "rewrite": "What did Matthew Fontaine Maury achieve?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Born very near Fredericksburg, Virginia, to Richard Maury (son of Rev. James Maury) and Diana (Minor) Maury (daughter of General John Minor). John Minor Maury was appointed midshipman on 16 January 1809 and commissioned Lieutenant 28 June 1811. He married Eliza Herndon Maury, daughter of Elizabeth Brooke and Fontaine Maury. Sons: William Maury (d.y.) and Dabney Herndon Maury. John Minor Maury was named after his ancestor, General John Minor. It is a name that continues through several generations. Matthew Fontaine Maury also had a nephew named (Lieutenant) John Minor Maury who was on the 1854 U S Navy Darien Expedition. John served on the \"Essex\" and \"Essex Junior\" (captured, ex-\"HMS Atlantic.) \" He served on the \"Essex Jr.\" in the Pacific, which brought home the survivors including Captain David Porter of the Essex which was destroyed in battle. John Minor Maury was promoted to first lieutenant, 1811; made flag captain to Commodore David Porter's fleet engaged in suppressing West Indian pirates, 1824. During the War of 1812, he participated in the Battle of Lake Champlain under Commander Thomas Macdonough in the complete victory over the British flotilla, which was captured or sunk. John Minor Maury wrote to a friend in Fredericksburg, \"We have gained a glorious victory. I hope the most important result of it will be to confirm the wavering allegiance of New York and Vermont to the Union. They have been threatening to secede unless peace be made with England on any terms!\" Soon after the close of the American war with England, the pirates of the West Indies had become a terror to all who sailed those seas.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury High School Matthew Fontaine Maury High School also known as Maury High School, one of five city comprehensive high schools, is a high school located in the Ghent area of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Ghent, the community immediately surrounding Maury High School, has experienced a period of renewal which includes upscale single-family and town home construction along with a steady increase of small businesses. Maury's school mascot is the Commodore. The high school is named for Matthew Fontaine Maury. It is home of the Medical and Health Specialty Program. In 2007, Newsweek placed Maury High School in the top 1300 of America's Top Public High Schools. Maury High School and rival Granby High School were the only schools from the Norfolk Public School system to place. Maury High School opened its doors in 1911 and was completely renovated in 1986. This modernization maintained the architectural integrity of the original neo-classical structure while converting Maury into an educational facility complete with media center and cafeteria atria where unused courtyards once stood.", "The \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" monument of Matthew Fontaine Maury is located on Monument Avenue at Belmont Avenue, closest to the Arthur Ashe monument. In 1915 the Matthew Fontaine Maury Association was founded with the purpose of erecting a monument to Maury though serious fundraising did not happen until after the end of the First World War. Eventually the United Daughters of the Confederacy joined in the fundraising, the State Virginia and the City of Richmond each donated $1,000, and even President Wilson, a native Virginian, joined the Association. The committee selected Richmond sculptor Frederick William Sievers, the author of many Lost Cause memorials, to produce the work and he created the \"most allegorical of Richmond's monuments. \" The monument was unveiled as part of an Armistice Day celebration on November 11, 1929. The figure of Maury faces eastward, toward the Atlantic Ocean that the \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" charted. He holds in his left hand a pencil and compass and in his right hand a copy of his charts. Beside his left foot is his book, \"Physical Geography of the Sea\", as well as a Bible, indicating the central role that faith played in Maury's life. A globe of the Earth is tilted slightly on its axis behind his head. It represents both land and sea, and the woman standing calmly is a representation of Mother Nature between the land and sea. Around the base of the globe are depictions of people clinging to a sinking boat in bad weather representing the dangers of the sea with a woman in the center, and on the right (north) side of the globe there is a farmer, boy and a dog representing Maury's work promoting land weather service, which dates back further than 1853.", "Goshen Pass Goshen Pass is a water gap, or gorge, in the Little North Mountain, formed by the passage of the Maury River, approximately northwest of Lexington in Rockbridge County, Virginia. State Route 39 traverses the pass along the banks of the Maury River. Goshen Pass is the site of the Matthew Fontaine Maury memorial overlooking the Maury river. After Maury's death, his body was taken from the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Along the way the coach stopped at the Goshen pass, per Maury's request, to pick some of his favorite flowers, rhododendrons, and mountain-ivy before continuing onward to Richmond. Subsequently, a memorial to him was placed there, consisting of a vertical stone monument, showing Maury's face and an inscription a poem written by Mrs. Margaret Junkin Preston as cited on the webpage. In addition, high above the river below, a huge anchor and chain were placed, honoring Maury's naval service. Matthew Fontaine Maury is buried between Virginian presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury School The Matthew Fontaine Maury School (also known as Maury School), in Fredericksburg, Virginia, is an historic school building noted for its Colonial Revival architecture and design as well as its significance in the entertainment and cultural life of Fredericksburg. The architect of the building was Philip Stern. Built in 1919-1920, the school was used from then until 1952 for both elementary and high-school students. After the construction of James Monroe High School, the building was used as an elementary- and middle-school. The school was closed in 1980. Maury School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. The school is located on in an area of Fredericksburg bounded by George, Kenmore, William and Barton streets. The site had been previously used as a potter's field and an African-American cemetery. Prior to construction, the graves were relocated to Shiloh Cemetery in Fredericksburg. The original school building was Fredericksburg High School. It consisted of one building facing George Street. An auditorium was added to the school in 1930. In 1937, the school was enlarged with the addition of James Monroe Elementary School, a separate building connected by a covered walk, and the name was changed to James Monroe High School. In 1952, when the city built a new high school, the building was renamed Matthew Fontaine Maury School and served as the city's middle school until it was closed in 1980. After the school was closed, it was used for several years by the Fredericksburg Police Academy and, later, as a homeless shelter. In 2007, the Maury School building was converted into condominia. Included in the Historic Places designation is the school's stadium. This stadium was built in 1935 and, despite the construction of two different high schools to replace it, James Monroe High School sports teams continue to use it for home games."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "answer": {"text": "he obtained a naval appointment through the influence of Tennessee Representative Sam Houston, a family friend, in 1825, at the age of 19.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c0b654c0395c48d1ba55c4bc29d68c06_1_q#2", "question": "What was his early life like?", "rewrite": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early life like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Goshen Pass Goshen Pass is a water gap, or gorge, in the Little North Mountain, formed by the passage of the Maury River, approximately northwest of Lexington in Rockbridge County, Virginia. State Route 39 traverses the pass along the banks of the Maury River. Goshen Pass is the site of the Matthew Fontaine Maury memorial overlooking the Maury river. After Maury's death, his body was taken from the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Along the way the coach stopped at the Goshen pass, per Maury's request, to pick some of his favorite flowers, rhododendrons, and mountain-ivy before continuing onward to Richmond. Subsequently, a memorial to him was placed there, consisting of a vertical stone monument, showing Maury's face and an inscription a poem written by Mrs. Margaret Junkin Preston as cited on the webpage. In addition, high above the river below, a huge anchor and chain were placed, honoring Maury's naval service. Matthew Fontaine Maury is buried between Virginian presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury School The Matthew Fontaine Maury School (also known as Maury School), in Fredericksburg, Virginia, is an historic school building noted for its Colonial Revival architecture and design as well as its significance in the entertainment and cultural life of Fredericksburg. The architect of the building was Philip Stern. Built in 1919-1920, the school was used from then until 1952 for both elementary and high-school students. After the construction of James Monroe High School, the building was used as an elementary- and middle-school. The school was closed in 1980. Maury School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. The school is located on in an area of Fredericksburg bounded by George, Kenmore, William and Barton streets. The site had been previously used as a potter's field and an African-American cemetery. Prior to construction, the graves were relocated to Shiloh Cemetery in Fredericksburg. The original school building was Fredericksburg High School. It consisted of one building facing George Street. An auditorium was added to the school in 1930. In 1937, the school was enlarged with the addition of James Monroe Elementary School, a separate building connected by a covered walk, and the name was changed to James Monroe High School. In 1952, when the city built a new high school, the building was renamed Matthew Fontaine Maury School and served as the city's middle school until it was closed in 1980. After the school was closed, it was used for several years by the Fredericksburg Police Academy and, later, as a homeless shelter. In 2007, the Maury School building was converted into condominia. Included in the Historic Places designation is the school's stadium. This stadium was built in 1935 and, despite the construction of two different high schools to replace it, James Monroe High School sports teams continue to use it for home games.", "The \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" monument of Matthew Fontaine Maury is located on Monument Avenue at Belmont Avenue, closest to the Arthur Ashe monument. In 1915 the Matthew Fontaine Maury Association was founded with the purpose of erecting a monument to Maury though serious fundraising did not happen until after the end of the First World War. Eventually the United Daughters of the Confederacy joined in the fundraising, the State Virginia and the City of Richmond each donated $1,000, and even President Wilson, a native Virginian, joined the Association. The committee selected Richmond sculptor Frederick William Sievers, the author of many Lost Cause memorials, to produce the work and he created the \"most allegorical of Richmond's monuments. \" The monument was unveiled as part of an Armistice Day celebration on November 11, 1929. The figure of Maury faces eastward, toward the Atlantic Ocean that the \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" charted. He holds in his left hand a pencil and compass and in his right hand a copy of his charts. Beside his left foot is his book, \"Physical Geography of the Sea\", as well as a Bible, indicating the central role that faith played in Maury's life. A globe of the Earth is tilted slightly on its axis behind his head. It represents both land and sea, and the woman standing calmly is a representation of Mother Nature between the land and sea. Around the base of the globe are depictions of people clinging to a sinking boat in bad weather representing the dangers of the sea with a woman in the center, and on the right (north) side of the globe there is a farmer, boy and a dog representing Maury's work promoting land weather service, which dates back further than 1853.", "Born very near Fredericksburg, Virginia, to Richard Maury (son of Rev. James Maury) and Diana (Minor) Maury (daughter of General John Minor). John Minor Maury was appointed midshipman on 16 January 1809 and commissioned Lieutenant 28 June 1811. He married Eliza Herndon Maury, daughter of Elizabeth Brooke and Fontaine Maury. Sons: William Maury (d.y.) and Dabney Herndon Maury. John Minor Maury was named after his ancestor, General John Minor. It is a name that continues through several generations. Matthew Fontaine Maury also had a nephew named (Lieutenant) John Minor Maury who was on the 1854 U S Navy Darien Expedition. John served on the \"Essex\" and \"Essex Junior\" (captured, ex-\"HMS Atlantic.) \" He served on the \"Essex Jr.\" in the Pacific, which brought home the survivors including Captain David Porter of the Essex which was destroyed in battle. John Minor Maury was promoted to first lieutenant, 1811; made flag captain to Commodore David Porter's fleet engaged in suppressing West Indian pirates, 1824. During the War of 1812, he participated in the Battle of Lake Champlain under Commander Thomas Macdonough in the complete victory over the British flotilla, which was captured or sunk. John Minor Maury wrote to a friend in Fredericksburg, \"We have gained a glorious victory. I hope the most important result of it will be to confirm the wavering allegiance of New York and Vermont to the Union. They have been threatening to secede unless peace be made with England on any terms!\" Soon after the close of the American war with England, the pirates of the West Indies had become a terror to all who sailed those seas.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury High School Matthew Fontaine Maury High School also known as Maury High School, one of five city comprehensive high schools, is a high school located in the Ghent area of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Ghent, the community immediately surrounding Maury High School, has experienced a period of renewal which includes upscale single-family and town home construction along with a steady increase of small businesses. Maury's school mascot is the Commodore. The high school is named for Matthew Fontaine Maury. It is home of the Medical and Health Specialty Program. In 2007, Newsweek placed Maury High School in the top 1300 of America's Top Public High Schools. Maury High School and rival Granby High School were the only schools from the Norfolk Public School system to place. Maury High School opened its doors in 1911 and was completely renovated in 1986. This modernization maintained the architectural integrity of the original neo-classical structure while converting Maury into an educational facility complete with media center and cafeteria atria where unused courtyards once stood."], "answer": {"text": "He was born in 1806 in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg; his parents were Richard Maury and Diane Minor Maury.", "answer_start": 335}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "answer": {"text": "he obtained a naval appointment through the influence of Tennessee Representative Sam Houston, a family friend, in 1825, at the age of 19.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c0b654c0395c48d1ba55c4bc29d68c06_1_q#3", "question": "What did he do after obtaining naval appointment?", "rewrite": "What did Matthew Fontaine Maury do after obtaining naval appointment?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Matthew Fontaine Maury School The Matthew Fontaine Maury School (also known as Maury School), in Fredericksburg, Virginia, is an historic school building noted for its Colonial Revival architecture and design as well as its significance in the entertainment and cultural life of Fredericksburg. The architect of the building was Philip Stern. Built in 1919-1920, the school was used from then until 1952 for both elementary and high-school students. After the construction of James Monroe High School, the building was used as an elementary- and middle-school. The school was closed in 1980. Maury School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. The school is located on in an area of Fredericksburg bounded by George, Kenmore, William and Barton streets. The site had been previously used as a potter's field and an African-American cemetery. Prior to construction, the graves were relocated to Shiloh Cemetery in Fredericksburg. The original school building was Fredericksburg High School. It consisted of one building facing George Street. An auditorium was added to the school in 1930. In 1937, the school was enlarged with the addition of James Monroe Elementary School, a separate building connected by a covered walk, and the name was changed to James Monroe High School. In 1952, when the city built a new high school, the building was renamed Matthew Fontaine Maury School and served as the city's middle school until it was closed in 1980. After the school was closed, it was used for several years by the Fredericksburg Police Academy and, later, as a homeless shelter. In 2007, the Maury School building was converted into condominia. Included in the Historic Places designation is the school's stadium. This stadium was built in 1935 and, despite the construction of two different high schools to replace it, James Monroe High School sports teams continue to use it for home games.", "Lucky Bag A Lucky Bag is the term for the United States Naval Academy 'year book' dedicated to the graduating classes. A traditional Lucky Bag has a collection of photos taken around the academy and photographs of each graduating officer along with a single paragraph describing the individual written by a friend. While no one knows for sure, it is speculated that it is named after the 'lucky bag' that contains the possessions of sailors who lost items at sea. Each year every midshipman and graduating officer receive a Lucky Bag and is archived by both the US Naval Academy and the USNA Alumni Association. Every man-of-war, you know, has her Lucky Bag, containing a little of every thing, and something belonging to every body. For variety of contents, a regular Lucky Bag may vie with the caldron that witches boil and bubble \u201cat the pit of Acheron.\u201d \u201cThis bag,\u201d Mr. Editor, which I am about to overhaul, has been open for fifteen or twenty years. The facts collected about the Navy during that time \u2014 hints dropped by messmates \u2014 opinions, notions, &c., have, been picked up and carefully preserved in this \u201cbag.\u201d Before I proceed though, to arrange from this medley of the \u201cbit o\u2019 writin\u201d for you, mm, I must in good earnest bespeak the indulgence of your readers, and seriously invite their attention to the facts which go to show a link to 10 pages,1840 Lucky Bag article on Naval Reform, by Lieut. Matthew Fontaine Maury, U.S.Navy. Matthew Fontaine Maury, USN, used the term \"Lucky Bag\", and defined it, long before the United States Naval Academy was created. Matthew Maury wrote many articles about the \"Lucky Bag\" and called the articles, \"Scraps From The Lucky Bag\".", "Goshen Pass Goshen Pass is a water gap, or gorge, in the Little North Mountain, formed by the passage of the Maury River, approximately northwest of Lexington in Rockbridge County, Virginia. State Route 39 traverses the pass along the banks of the Maury River. Goshen Pass is the site of the Matthew Fontaine Maury memorial overlooking the Maury river. After Maury's death, his body was taken from the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Along the way the coach stopped at the Goshen pass, per Maury's request, to pick some of his favorite flowers, rhododendrons, and mountain-ivy before continuing onward to Richmond. Subsequently, a memorial to him was placed there, consisting of a vertical stone monument, showing Maury's face and an inscription a poem written by Mrs. Margaret Junkin Preston as cited on the webpage. In addition, high above the river below, a huge anchor and chain were placed, honoring Maury's naval service. Matthew Fontaine Maury is buried between Virginian presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury High School Matthew Fontaine Maury High School also known as Maury High School, one of five city comprehensive high schools, is a high school located in the Ghent area of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Ghent, the community immediately surrounding Maury High School, has experienced a period of renewal which includes upscale single-family and town home construction along with a steady increase of small businesses. Maury's school mascot is the Commodore. The high school is named for Matthew Fontaine Maury. It is home of the Medical and Health Specialty Program. In 2007, Newsweek placed Maury High School in the top 1300 of America's Top Public High Schools. Maury High School and rival Granby High School were the only schools from the Norfolk Public School system to place. Maury High School opened its doors in 1911 and was completely renovated in 1986. This modernization maintained the architectural integrity of the original neo-classical structure while converting Maury into an educational facility complete with media center and cafeteria atria where unused courtyards once stood.", "The \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" monument of Matthew Fontaine Maury is located on Monument Avenue at Belmont Avenue, closest to the Arthur Ashe monument. In 1915 the Matthew Fontaine Maury Association was founded with the purpose of erecting a monument to Maury though serious fundraising did not happen until after the end of the First World War. Eventually the United Daughters of the Confederacy joined in the fundraising, the State Virginia and the City of Richmond each donated $1,000, and even President Wilson, a native Virginian, joined the Association. The committee selected Richmond sculptor Frederick William Sievers, the author of many Lost Cause memorials, to produce the work and he created the \"most allegorical of Richmond's monuments. \" The monument was unveiled as part of an Armistice Day celebration on November 11, 1929. The figure of Maury faces eastward, toward the Atlantic Ocean that the \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" charted. He holds in his left hand a pencil and compass and in his right hand a copy of his charts. Beside his left foot is his book, \"Physical Geography of the Sea\", as well as a Bible, indicating the central role that faith played in Maury's life. A globe of the Earth is tilted slightly on its axis behind his head. It represents both land and sea, and the woman standing calmly is a representation of Mother Nature between the land and sea. Around the base of the globe are depictions of people clinging to a sinking boat in bad weather representing the dangers of the sea with a woman in the center, and on the right (north) side of the globe there is a farmer, boy and a dog representing Maury's work promoting land weather service, which dates back further than 1853."], "answer": {"text": "Maury began to study the seas and to record methods of navigation.", "answer_start": 1277}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "answer": {"text": "he obtained a naval appointment through the influence of Tennessee Representative Sam Houston, a family friend, in 1825, at the age of 19.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his early life like?", "answer": {"text": "He was born in 1806 in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg; his parents were Richard Maury and Diane Minor Maury.", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c0b654c0395c48d1ba55c4bc29d68c06_1_q#4", "question": "What methods of navigation did he use?", "rewrite": "What methods of navigation did Matthew Fontaine Maury use?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Born very near Fredericksburg, Virginia, to Richard Maury (son of Rev. James Maury) and Diana (Minor) Maury (daughter of General John Minor). John Minor Maury was appointed midshipman on 16 January 1809 and commissioned Lieutenant 28 June 1811. He married Eliza Herndon Maury, daughter of Elizabeth Brooke and Fontaine Maury. Sons: William Maury (d.y.) and Dabney Herndon Maury. John Minor Maury was named after his ancestor, General John Minor. It is a name that continues through several generations. Matthew Fontaine Maury also had a nephew named (Lieutenant) John Minor Maury who was on the 1854 U S Navy Darien Expedition. John served on the \"Essex\" and \"Essex Junior\" (captured, ex-\"HMS Atlantic.) \" He served on the \"Essex Jr.\" in the Pacific, which brought home the survivors including Captain David Porter of the Essex which was destroyed in battle. John Minor Maury was promoted to first lieutenant, 1811; made flag captain to Commodore David Porter's fleet engaged in suppressing West Indian pirates, 1824. During the War of 1812, he participated in the Battle of Lake Champlain under Commander Thomas Macdonough in the complete victory over the British flotilla, which was captured or sunk. John Minor Maury wrote to a friend in Fredericksburg, \"We have gained a glorious victory. I hope the most important result of it will be to confirm the wavering allegiance of New York and Vermont to the Union. They have been threatening to secede unless peace be made with England on any terms!\" Soon after the close of the American war with England, the pirates of the West Indies had become a terror to all who sailed those seas.", "The \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" monument of Matthew Fontaine Maury is located on Monument Avenue at Belmont Avenue, closest to the Arthur Ashe monument. In 1915 the Matthew Fontaine Maury Association was founded with the purpose of erecting a monument to Maury though serious fundraising did not happen until after the end of the First World War. Eventually the United Daughters of the Confederacy joined in the fundraising, the State Virginia and the City of Richmond each donated $1,000, and even President Wilson, a native Virginian, joined the Association. The committee selected Richmond sculptor Frederick William Sievers, the author of many Lost Cause memorials, to produce the work and he created the \"most allegorical of Richmond's monuments. \" The monument was unveiled as part of an Armistice Day celebration on November 11, 1929. The figure of Maury faces eastward, toward the Atlantic Ocean that the \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" charted. He holds in his left hand a pencil and compass and in his right hand a copy of his charts. Beside his left foot is his book, \"Physical Geography of the Sea\", as well as a Bible, indicating the central role that faith played in Maury's life. A globe of the Earth is tilted slightly on its axis behind his head. It represents both land and sea, and the woman standing calmly is a representation of Mother Nature between the land and sea. Around the base of the globe are depictions of people clinging to a sinking boat in bad weather representing the dangers of the sea with a woman in the center, and on the right (north) side of the globe there is a farmer, boy and a dog representing Maury's work promoting land weather service, which dates back further than 1853.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury High School Matthew Fontaine Maury High School also known as Maury High School, one of five city comprehensive high schools, is a high school located in the Ghent area of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Ghent, the community immediately surrounding Maury High School, has experienced a period of renewal which includes upscale single-family and town home construction along with a steady increase of small businesses. Maury's school mascot is the Commodore. The high school is named for Matthew Fontaine Maury. It is home of the Medical and Health Specialty Program. In 2007, Newsweek placed Maury High School in the top 1300 of America's Top Public High Schools. Maury High School and rival Granby High School were the only schools from the Norfolk Public School system to place. Maury High School opened its doors in 1911 and was completely renovated in 1986. This modernization maintained the architectural integrity of the original neo-classical structure while converting Maury into an educational facility complete with media center and cafeteria atria where unused courtyards once stood.", "Goshen Pass Goshen Pass is a water gap, or gorge, in the Little North Mountain, formed by the passage of the Maury River, approximately northwest of Lexington in Rockbridge County, Virginia. State Route 39 traverses the pass along the banks of the Maury River. Goshen Pass is the site of the Matthew Fontaine Maury memorial overlooking the Maury river. After Maury's death, his body was taken from the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Along the way the coach stopped at the Goshen pass, per Maury's request, to pick some of his favorite flowers, rhododendrons, and mountain-ivy before continuing onward to Richmond. Subsequently, a memorial to him was placed there, consisting of a vertical stone monument, showing Maury's face and an inscription a poem written by Mrs. Margaret Junkin Preston as cited on the webpage. In addition, high above the river below, a huge anchor and chain were placed, honoring Maury's naval service. Matthew Fontaine Maury is buried between Virginian presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury School The Matthew Fontaine Maury School (also known as Maury School), in Fredericksburg, Virginia, is an historic school building noted for its Colonial Revival architecture and design as well as its significance in the entertainment and cultural life of Fredericksburg. The architect of the building was Philip Stern. Built in 1919-1920, the school was used from then until 1952 for both elementary and high-school students. After the construction of James Monroe High School, the building was used as an elementary- and middle-school. The school was closed in 1980. Maury School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. The school is located on in an area of Fredericksburg bounded by George, Kenmore, William and Barton streets. The site had been previously used as a potter's field and an African-American cemetery. Prior to construction, the graves were relocated to Shiloh Cemetery in Fredericksburg. The original school building was Fredericksburg High School. It consisted of one building facing George Street. An auditorium was added to the school in 1930. In 1937, the school was enlarged with the addition of James Monroe Elementary School, a separate building connected by a covered walk, and the name was changed to James Monroe High School. In 1952, when the city built a new high school, the building was renamed Matthew Fontaine Maury School and served as the city's middle school until it was closed in 1980. After the school was closed, it was used for several years by the Fredericksburg Police Academy and, later, as a homeless shelter. In 2007, the Maury School building was converted into condominia. Included in the Historic Places designation is the school's stadium. This stadium was built in 1935 and, despite the construction of two different high schools to replace it, James Monroe High School sports teams continue to use it for home games."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "answer": {"text": "he obtained a naval appointment through the influence of Tennessee Representative Sam Houston, a family friend, in 1825, at the age of 19.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his early life like?", "answer": {"text": "He was born in 1806 in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg; his parents were Richard Maury and Diane Minor Maury.", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after obtaining naval appointment?", "answer": {"text": "Maury began to study the seas and to record methods of navigation.", "answer_start": 1277, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c0b654c0395c48d1ba55c4bc29d68c06_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects of this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Matthew Fontaine Maury's naval appointment and used methods of navigation, are there any other interesting aspects of this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Goshen Pass Goshen Pass is a water gap, or gorge, in the Little North Mountain, formed by the passage of the Maury River, approximately northwest of Lexington in Rockbridge County, Virginia. State Route 39 traverses the pass along the banks of the Maury River. Goshen Pass is the site of the Matthew Fontaine Maury memorial overlooking the Maury river. After Maury's death, his body was taken from the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington to Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. Along the way the coach stopped at the Goshen pass, per Maury's request, to pick some of his favorite flowers, rhododendrons, and mountain-ivy before continuing onward to Richmond. Subsequently, a memorial to him was placed there, consisting of a vertical stone monument, showing Maury's face and an inscription a poem written by Mrs. Margaret Junkin Preston as cited on the webpage. In addition, high above the river below, a huge anchor and chain were placed, honoring Maury's naval service. Matthew Fontaine Maury is buried between Virginian presidents John Tyler and James Monroe.", "Matthew Fontaine Maury High School Matthew Fontaine Maury High School also known as Maury High School, one of five city comprehensive high schools, is a high school located in the Ghent area of Norfolk, Virginia, United States. Ghent, the community immediately surrounding Maury High School, has experienced a period of renewal which includes upscale single-family and town home construction along with a steady increase of small businesses. Maury's school mascot is the Commodore. The high school is named for Matthew Fontaine Maury. It is home of the Medical and Health Specialty Program. In 2007, Newsweek placed Maury High School in the top 1300 of America's Top Public High Schools. Maury High School and rival Granby High School were the only schools from the Norfolk Public School system to place. Maury High School opened its doors in 1911 and was completely renovated in 1986. This modernization maintained the architectural integrity of the original neo-classical structure while converting Maury into an educational facility complete with media center and cafeteria atria where unused courtyards once stood.", "Lucky Bag A Lucky Bag is the term for the United States Naval Academy 'year book' dedicated to the graduating classes. A traditional Lucky Bag has a collection of photos taken around the academy and photographs of each graduating officer along with a single paragraph describing the individual written by a friend. While no one knows for sure, it is speculated that it is named after the 'lucky bag' that contains the possessions of sailors who lost items at sea. Each year every midshipman and graduating officer receive a Lucky Bag and is archived by both the US Naval Academy and the USNA Alumni Association. Every man-of-war, you know, has her Lucky Bag, containing a little of every thing, and something belonging to every body. For variety of contents, a regular Lucky Bag may vie with the caldron that witches boil and bubble \u201cat the pit of Acheron.\u201d \u201cThis bag,\u201d Mr. Editor, which I am about to overhaul, has been open for fifteen or twenty years. The facts collected about the Navy during that time \u2014 hints dropped by messmates \u2014 opinions, notions, &c., have, been picked up and carefully preserved in this \u201cbag.\u201d Before I proceed though, to arrange from this medley of the \u201cbit o\u2019 writin\u201d for you, mm, I must in good earnest bespeak the indulgence of your readers, and seriously invite their attention to the facts which go to show a link to 10 pages,1840 Lucky Bag article on Naval Reform, by Lieut. Matthew Fontaine Maury, U.S.Navy. Matthew Fontaine Maury, USN, used the term \"Lucky Bag\", and defined it, long before the United States Naval Academy was created. Matthew Maury wrote many articles about the \"Lucky Bag\" and called the articles, \"Scraps From The Lucky Bag\".", "Matthew Fontaine Maury School The Matthew Fontaine Maury School (also known as Maury School), in Fredericksburg, Virginia, is an historic school building noted for its Colonial Revival architecture and design as well as its significance in the entertainment and cultural life of Fredericksburg. The architect of the building was Philip Stern. Built in 1919-1920, the school was used from then until 1952 for both elementary and high-school students. After the construction of James Monroe High School, the building was used as an elementary- and middle-school. The school was closed in 1980. Maury School was added to the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. The school is located on in an area of Fredericksburg bounded by George, Kenmore, William and Barton streets. The site had been previously used as a potter's field and an African-American cemetery. Prior to construction, the graves were relocated to Shiloh Cemetery in Fredericksburg. The original school building was Fredericksburg High School. It consisted of one building facing George Street. An auditorium was added to the school in 1930. In 1937, the school was enlarged with the addition of James Monroe Elementary School, a separate building connected by a covered walk, and the name was changed to James Monroe High School. In 1952, when the city built a new high school, the building was renamed Matthew Fontaine Maury School and served as the city's middle school until it was closed in 1980. After the school was closed, it was used for several years by the Fredericksburg Police Academy and, later, as a homeless shelter. In 2007, the Maury School building was converted into condominia. Included in the Historic Places designation is the school's stadium. This stadium was built in 1935 and, despite the construction of two different high schools to replace it, James Monroe High School sports teams continue to use it for home games.", "The \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" monument of Matthew Fontaine Maury is located on Monument Avenue at Belmont Avenue, closest to the Arthur Ashe monument. In 1915 the Matthew Fontaine Maury Association was founded with the purpose of erecting a monument to Maury though serious fundraising did not happen until after the end of the First World War. Eventually the United Daughters of the Confederacy joined in the fundraising, the State Virginia and the City of Richmond each donated $1,000, and even President Wilson, a native Virginian, joined the Association. The committee selected Richmond sculptor Frederick William Sievers, the author of many Lost Cause memorials, to produce the work and he created the \"most allegorical of Richmond's monuments. \" The monument was unveiled as part of an Armistice Day celebration on November 11, 1929. The figure of Maury faces eastward, toward the Atlantic Ocean that the \"Pathfinder of the Seas\" charted. He holds in his left hand a pencil and compass and in his right hand a copy of his charts. Beside his left foot is his book, \"Physical Geography of the Sea\", as well as a Bible, indicating the central role that faith played in Maury's life. A globe of the Earth is tilted slightly on its axis behind his head. It represents both land and sea, and the woman standing calmly is a representation of Mother Nature between the land and sea. Around the base of the globe are depictions of people clinging to a sinking boat in bad weather representing the dangers of the sea with a woman in the center, and on the right (north) side of the globe there is a farmer, boy and a dog representing Maury's work promoting land weather service, which dates back further than 1853."], "answer": {"text": "the USS Vincennes, his assigned ship and the first US warship to travel around the world.", "answer_start": 1432}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "answer": {"text": "he obtained a naval appointment through the influence of Tennessee Representative Sam Houston, a family friend, in 1825, at the age of 19.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his early life like?", "answer": {"text": "He was born in 1806 in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg; his parents were Richard Maury and Diane Minor Maury.", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after obtaining naval appointment?", "answer": {"text": "Maury began to study the seas and to record methods of navigation.", "answer_start": 1277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What methods of navigation did he use?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c0b654c0395c48d1ba55c4bc29d68c06_1_q#6", "question": "What was special about the USS Vincebnnes", "rewrite": "What was special about the USS Vincebnnes", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gilbert Facchinetti Gilbert Facchinetti (28 January 1936 \u2013 6 July 2018) was an Italian-Swiss entrepreneur. He was best known as president of Neuch\u00e2tel Xamax. Gilbert Facchinetti was born in Lausanne, Switzerland to a family from Italy. After a butcher's apprenticeship, he played at Servette FC and later received an offer from Genoa, with a salary of 6,000 Swiss francs per month. When his uncle died, Facchinetti was pushed by his father to enter the family business, which was an architectural firm. He played one last match in the national league in 1969 with FC Cantonal Neuch\u00e2tel. Ten years later, in 1979, he took over the management of Neuch\u00e2tel Xamax, a club created by the merger between FC Cantonal Neuch\u00e2tel and FC Xamax. A true patriarch, he took his club to two Swiss championship titles in 1987 and 1988. Knowing how to mobilize the economic fabric of Neuch\u00e2tel to the point that \"when a tunnel was digging in town, it meant, basically, that a new striker was going to sign with the club,\" he signed players like Heinz Hermann, Uli Stielike, Hossam Hassan, Lajos Det\u00e1ri, or coach Gilbert Gress. A man of speech, Facchinetti signed his contracts with a handshake until two players ask him for large sums without respecting the handshake. He left the executive director position of his club in 2003 to Alain Pedretti, having spent twenty-four years as the head. He remained nevertheless the honorary president of the club until his death. In 2012, he officially rejoined the club following a bankruptcy.", "Aharon Shulov Professor Aharon Shulov (Hebrew: \u05d0\u05d4\u05e8\u05d5\u05df \u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d1, also spelled Schulow, 1907\u20131997) was an Israeli entomologist and the founder of the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo. Aharon Shulov was born in Ukraine. He was jailed on charges of Zionist activism. Upon his release in 1926, he immigrated to Palestine. Shulov had been interested in animals from childhood. He became a lecturer in zoology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. After earning a doctorate in Naples, he returned to the Hebrew University. He also spent time in Egypt studying the care of animals in subtropical climates. In 1986, professor Shulov and his colleague Aviv Marx founded the Shulov Institute for Science. The company produces life-saving products and pain relievers, including a life-saving antiserum to treat yellow scorpion stings which is approved for use by the Israeli Ministry of Health and marketed to hospitals. In April 2007, Shulov was posthumously granted a patent, with co-inventor Naphthali Primor, for a non-addictive, topical analgesic derived from snake venom. The patent was assigned to S.I.S. Shulov Institute for Science Ltd.  Shulov published several books. \" The development of eggs of the Red Locust, Nomadacris septemfasciata (Serv.), and the African Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. and F.), and its interruption under particular conditions of humidity\" was an academic work of entomology. His 1981 \"The Wolf Shall Dwell with the Lamb: 40 years of the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo\" tells the story of how the zoo acquired its first lion with the help of Dov Gazit. Shulov also published articles on esters as insect repellants and attractants.", "Li\u00f0smannaflokkr  Li\u00f0smannaflokkr (\"household troop's poem\") is the title of a skaldic poem in ten stanzas describing the capture of London by Cnut the Great in 1016, preserved in \"\u00d3l\u00e1fs saga helga\" and \"Flateyjarb\u00f3k\" (fol. 186v), and in a shorter version in \"Kn\u00fdtlinga saga\". \"\u00d3l\u00e1fs saga\" attributes the poem to Olaf himself, while according to \"Kn\u00fdtlinga saga\", the poem was composed by members of Canute's household troops during the London campaign. According to Poole (1991), the latter version is more credible. Stanza 7 praises Cnut's actions in battle, \"Cnut decided and commanded all the Danes to wait; the 'mighty tree of the ring support' (\"baugstalls lundr r\u00edkr\") went bravely under the shields; the army fought by the moat. Lady, where we sought out the enemy with helmet and mail-shirt, it was nearly as if the 'master of the fire of Rennandi' (\"elds Rennandi kennir\") were holding a maddened elk.\"", "In the verse of \"Kn\u00fatsdr\u00e1pa\", Sigvatr \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson praises Cnut, his king, as being \"dear to the Emperor, close to Peter\". In the days of Christendom, a king seen to be in favour with God could expect to be ruler over a happy kingdom. He was surely in a stronger position, not only with the Church and the people, but also in the alliance with his southern rivals he was able to conclude his conflicts with his rivals in the north. His letter not only tells his countrymen of his achievements in Rome, but also of his ambitions within the Scandinavian world at his arrival home: Cnut was to return to Denmark from Rome, arrange for its security, and afterwards sail to England. In his 1027 letter, Cnut refers to himself as king of \"the Norwegians, and of some of the Swedes\" \u2014 his victory over Swedes suggests Helgea to be the river in Uppland and not the one in eastern Scania \u2014 while the king of Sweden appears to have been made a renegade. Cnut also stated his intention of proceeding to Denmark to secure peace between the kingdoms of Scandinavia, which fits the account of John of Worcester that in 1027 Cnut heard some Norwegians were discontented and sent them sums of gold and silver to gain their support in his claim on the throne. In 1028, after his return from Rome through Denmark, Cnut set off from England to Norway, and the city of Trondheim, with a fleet of fifty ships. Olaf Haraldsson stood down, unable to put up any fight, as his nobles were against him for his tendency to flay their wives for sorcery. Cnut was crowned king, now of England, Denmark and Norway as well as part of Sweden.", "The brother Rajappa (Supreeth), has been on a 23-year self-imposed exile from the district, due to his life being under threat of Sivaiah and his entire village. Chandu agrees and does so, beating 30 men of Siviah on the way. Then Chandu is challenged to go to Siviah alone to his house. While walking in Sivaiah's house, he is beaten up badly by Sivaiah's men that he laid at the door of the house. When Sivaiah saw his face, he recognized Chandu and rushed him to the hospital where he is saved. The incident reached to Chandu's uncle who flew to India. Uncle Krishna Rao is shocked to see Chandu with Siviah and proceeds to tell Chandu about his parents. Siviah is actually Chandu's father. 23 years ago, there was a big feud between village for sharing water, in which multitude of lives were lost in clashes. Siviah's wife pleads him to stop the fight, to which he pays no heed. She gives birth to twins, but one child and her parents are killed in a car-bomb, before her very eyes. This makes her to take Chandu and go to her native. After 2 years, she has a change of heart and comes to meet Siviah. As they are about to reconcile, Rajappa ambushes Siviah, and kills his wife before his eyes, despite his pleas. He sent Chandu with the uncle and has paid for all of his expenses since then. Chandu then joins Siviah as his heir, and defeats both Pasupati and his brothers. Finally he marries Mahalakshmi and returns to Australia and they live happy ever after. Music composed by S. Thaman. Music released on Aditya Music Company."], "answer": {"text": "the first US warship to travel around the world.", "answer_start": 1473}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Matthew Fontaine Maury's early career like?", "answer": {"text": "he obtained a naval appointment through the influence of Tennessee Representative Sam Houston, a family friend, in 1825, at the age of 19.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his early life like?", "answer": {"text": "He was born in 1806 in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near Fredericksburg; his parents were Richard Maury and Diane Minor Maury.", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after obtaining naval appointment?", "answer": {"text": "Maury began to study the seas and to record methods of navigation.", "answer_start": 1277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What methods of navigation did he use?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects of this article?", "answer": {"text": "the USS Vincennes, his assigned ship and the first US warship to travel around the world.", "answer_start": 1432, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_147dbb432f8042b3bac2bf27d9841622_1_q#0", "question": "What was the first thing Sam Cooke wrote", "rewrite": "What was the first thing Sam Cooke wrote", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Best of Sam Cooke The Best of Sam Cooke is the second greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, the album was released in 1962 in the United States by RCA Victor. The compilation contains most of Sam Cooke's most well-known hits from 1957 to 1962. AllMusic critic Ron Wynn gave \"The Best of Sam Cooke\" three-and-a-half out of five stars and called it \"an above-average greatest hits collection, although no sampler could fully convey Sam Cooke's genius.\" In \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau was more critical, giving it one star and recommending listeners overlook the album in favor of the 30-song compilation \"\".", "Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, and formed a partnership with Klein to begin doing the same in Philadelphia. As Henderson's partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent who was equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his number one hit, \" You Send Me,\" among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a great deal of money, label executives nonetheless repeatedly refused to honor his many requests for a review of his accounts. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit. Shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cooke's contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal. Cooke created a holding company, Tracey Ltd., which was named after Cooke's middle daughter. Klein, Cooke's manager, sneakily changed paperwork and listed himself as owner instead (and Sam Cooke as his employee). Sam Cooke trusted him to protect him against crooked music executives but Klein used that trust to his advantage. Tracey would manufacture Cooke's recordings and give exclusive rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years, after which the rights would revert to Tracey. Cooke would receive a cash advance of $100,000 per year for three years, followed by $75,000 for each of two option years. Instead of being paid the first $100,000 in cash, Cooke was paid in Tracey preferred stock, which would be taxed only when he sold it. While the deal benefited Cooke, it also greatly benefited Klein, who ended up owning the rights to all of Cooke's recordings made since the contract re-negotiation when Cooke was killed in 1964 and his widow sold Cooke's remaining rights to Klein.", "You Send Me \"You Send Me\" is a song written and originally recorded by American singer Sam Cooke, released as a single in 1957 by Keen Records. Produced by Bumps Blackwell and arranged and conducted by Ren\u00e9 Hall. The song, Cooke's debut single, was a massive commercial success, becoming a hit on both \"Billboard\" Rhythm & Blues Records chart and the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It was named as one of the 500 most important rock and roll recordings by the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. In April 2010, the song ranked in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\". In addition to the original version of Sam Cooke, \"You Send Me\" has received numerous covers over the years, the most important being the versions of Teresa Brewer (1957), Aretha Franklin (1968), Ponderosa Twins Plus One (1971) and The Manhattans (1985). Cooke wrote \"You Send Me\" but gave the writer credit to his younger brother L.C. (who used the original family spelling \"Cook\") because he did not want his own publisher to profit from the song. He had also hoped L.C. would record the song himself. Cooke made a demo recording of the song featuring only his own guitar accompaniment in the winter of 1955. The first recording of the track was made in New Orleans in December 1956 in the same sessions which produced \"Lovable\", the first release outside the gospel field for Cooke (credited on that single as Dale Cook). The classic version of \"You Send Me\" was cut in Los Angeles in June 1957 and was issued as a single with another track from the same session: a version of \"Summertime\", as the debut release on the Keen label founded by Bob Keane; this release marked the first single credited to \"Sam Cooke\" (whose true surname was Cook).", "Ain't That Good News (song) \"Ain't That Good News\", also known as \"Good News\", is a song written and performed by soul singer Sam Cooke, released on RCA Records in 1964. The song was recorded in three takes for the 1964 album of the same name and reached number eleven on the pop chart, and number one on the Cashbox Magazine's R&B charts as a single. Cooke performed the song live on American Bandstand on April 4 of the same year. It is a modern adaptation of an older gospel song of the same title. Cooke's version was later covered by many acts, such as Otis Rush, The Supremes (led by Florence Ballard), David Fathead Newman, King Curtis and Ian Moss. The song was the first piece of new material that Cooke had recorded in the six months following the drowning death of his 18-month-old son Vincent. After reaching a new deal with RCA Records, Sam Cooke received more creative freedom in his work and had chosen a fine line of session musicians to accompany him. </div> Known for his gospel roots, Sam Cooke often used church influences in his music. \" Ain't That Good News \" is a secular reworking of an old spiritual. The spiritual's lyrics proclaimed the singer's faith and love for Jesus, built around gospel themes and a slow gospel tempo with an underlying pulsating drive. Sam Cooke, however, transformed the song into an uptempo soulful number with an upbeat horn and rhythm section. Cooke's version has the same feel, passion, and soul as the original, but is about the faith and love of a woman. Credits for the song adapted from album liner notes.", "SAR Records SAR Records was a record company founded by soul music legend Sam Cooke in 1961. The meaning of \"SAR\" has been disputed; it has been listed as \"Sam & Alex Records\" (J.W. Alexander was Cooke's business, song-writing associate, and friend) and also as \"Sam, Alex, & Roy Records\" (Roy being S. R. Crain, Cooke's mentor from his Soul Stirrers days, as well as his pop road manager). The label did not feature Cooke, but rather featured all of Cooke's artists such as the latter-day Soul Stirrers with Jimmie Outler and Johnnie Taylor singing lead, The Valentinos (including Bobby Womack), Billy Preston, Mel Carter, The Simms Twins, Johnnie Morisette, L. C. Cooke (Cooke's younger brother), as well as Johnnie Taylor as a pop soloist. One notable release on SAR was the original version of \"It's All Over Now\" by The Valentinos which would later be covered by the Rolling Stones. The label was intended to be a place where Sam Cooke could expand his artistic abilities as a writer/producer and to give other struggling African-American artists a venue to record during the racially charged 1960's. Cooke did record two songs on the label, however, that have only been released since 2001: the solo side of his gospel song \"That's Heaven to Me\", and \"Somewhere There's a Girl\" (a secular version of The Valentino's \"Somewhere There's a God\"). The label folded after Sam Cooke's death on December 11, 1964. A 2-CD compilation, \"Sam Cooke's SAR Records Story 1959\u20131965\", was released in 1994 by ABKCO Records."], "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951.", "answer_start": 1136}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_147dbb432f8042b3bac2bf27d9841622_1_q#1", "question": "When did he first start doing music?", "rewrite": "When did Sam Cooke first start doing music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, and formed a partnership with Klein to begin doing the same in Philadelphia. As Henderson's partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent who was equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his number one hit, \" You Send Me,\" among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a great deal of money, label executives nonetheless repeatedly refused to honor his many requests for a review of his accounts. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit. Shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cooke's contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal. Cooke created a holding company, Tracey Ltd., which was named after Cooke's middle daughter. Klein, Cooke's manager, sneakily changed paperwork and listed himself as owner instead (and Sam Cooke as his employee). Sam Cooke trusted him to protect him against crooked music executives but Klein used that trust to his advantage. Tracey would manufacture Cooke's recordings and give exclusive rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years, after which the rights would revert to Tracey. Cooke would receive a cash advance of $100,000 per year for three years, followed by $75,000 for each of two option years. Instead of being paid the first $100,000 in cash, Cooke was paid in Tracey preferred stock, which would be taxed only when he sold it. While the deal benefited Cooke, it also greatly benefited Klein, who ended up owning the rights to all of Cooke's recordings made since the contract re-negotiation when Cooke was killed in 1964 and his widow sold Cooke's remaining rights to Klein.", "SAR Records SAR Records was a record company founded by soul music legend Sam Cooke in 1961. The meaning of \"SAR\" has been disputed; it has been listed as \"Sam & Alex Records\" (J.W. Alexander was Cooke's business, song-writing associate, and friend) and also as \"Sam, Alex, & Roy Records\" (Roy being S. R. Crain, Cooke's mentor from his Soul Stirrers days, as well as his pop road manager). The label did not feature Cooke, but rather featured all of Cooke's artists such as the latter-day Soul Stirrers with Jimmie Outler and Johnnie Taylor singing lead, The Valentinos (including Bobby Womack), Billy Preston, Mel Carter, The Simms Twins, Johnnie Morisette, L. C. Cooke (Cooke's younger brother), as well as Johnnie Taylor as a pop soloist. One notable release on SAR was the original version of \"It's All Over Now\" by The Valentinos which would later be covered by the Rolling Stones. The label was intended to be a place where Sam Cooke could expand his artistic abilities as a writer/producer and to give other struggling African-American artists a venue to record during the racially charged 1960's. Cooke did record two songs on the label, however, that have only been released since 2001: the solo side of his gospel song \"That's Heaven to Me\", and \"Somewhere There's a Girl\" (a secular version of The Valentino's \"Somewhere There's a God\"). The label folded after Sam Cooke's death on December 11, 1964. A 2-CD compilation, \"Sam Cooke's SAR Records Story 1959\u20131965\", was released in 1994 by ABKCO Records.", "Ain't That Good News (song) \"Ain't That Good News\", also known as \"Good News\", is a song written and performed by soul singer Sam Cooke, released on RCA Records in 1964. The song was recorded in three takes for the 1964 album of the same name and reached number eleven on the pop chart, and number one on the Cashbox Magazine's R&B charts as a single. Cooke performed the song live on American Bandstand on April 4 of the same year. It is a modern adaptation of an older gospel song of the same title. Cooke's version was later covered by many acts, such as Otis Rush, The Supremes (led by Florence Ballard), David Fathead Newman, King Curtis and Ian Moss. The song was the first piece of new material that Cooke had recorded in the six months following the drowning death of his 18-month-old son Vincent. After reaching a new deal with RCA Records, Sam Cooke received more creative freedom in his work and had chosen a fine line of session musicians to accompany him. </div> Known for his gospel roots, Sam Cooke often used church influences in his music. \" Ain't That Good News \" is a secular reworking of an old spiritual. The spiritual's lyrics proclaimed the singer's faith and love for Jesus, built around gospel themes and a slow gospel tempo with an underlying pulsating drive. Sam Cooke, however, transformed the song into an uptempo soulful number with an upbeat horn and rhythm section. Cooke's version has the same feel, passion, and soul as the original, but is about the faith and love of a woman. Credits for the song adapted from album liner notes.", "Tommy Cooke Thomas Francis \"Tommy\" Cooke (16 August 1914 \u2013 13 February 2014) was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer who played as a left wing-back for the Limerick senior team. Born in Knockainey, County Limerick, Cooke first played competitive hurling whilst at school in Warrenstown College. He made his first impression on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-four when he joined the Limerick junior teams as a dual player. He made his senior debut during the 1939 Oireachtas Cup. Cooke went on to play a key role for Liimerick for a short period, and won one All-Ireland medal, one Munster medal and one Oireachtas Cup medal. At club level Cooke played both hurling and football with a number of local clubs including Knockainey, Knockane and Bulgaden. Cooke was instrumental in the foundation of the Knockainey club. He was appointed as the club's first treasurer in 1936. Five years later in 1941 Cooke was captain of the team when Knockainey won the south junior hurling championship. It was the first silverware for the new club. Cooke first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a dual player in the junior grades in 1939. With the Limerick junior hurling team Cooke's side were defeated by Waterford on a score line of 4\u20132 to 2\u20134. An objection that was later upheld resulted in Limerick eventually being awarded the title and Cooke collecting a Munster medal. That same year he won a Munster medal in football as Limerick defeated Kerry by 1\u20137 to 1\u20132. Both Limerick teams were subsequently beaten in the All-Ireland semi-final stages. By 1940 Cooke had joined the Limerick senior hurling team and lined out in his first provincial decider in the top grade. Cokr, the reigning champions, provided the opposition, however, the match ended in a draw.", "The Best of Sam Cooke The Best of Sam Cooke is the second greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, the album was released in 1962 in the United States by RCA Victor. The compilation contains most of Sam Cooke's most well-known hits from 1957 to 1962. AllMusic critic Ron Wynn gave \"The Best of Sam Cooke\" three-and-a-half out of five stars and called it \"an above-average greatest hits collection, although no sampler could fully convey Sam Cooke's genius.\" In \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau was more critical, giving it one star and recommending listeners overlook the album in favor of the 30-song compilation \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "Sam Cooke began his career with his siblings in a group called the Singing Children when he was six years old.", "answer_start": 601}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first thing Sam Cooke wrote", "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951.", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_147dbb432f8042b3bac2bf27d9841622_1_q#2", "question": "DId he win any awards", "rewrite": "Did Sam Cooke win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, and formed a partnership with Klein to begin doing the same in Philadelphia. As Henderson's partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent who was equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his number one hit, \" You Send Me,\" among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a great deal of money, label executives nonetheless repeatedly refused to honor his many requests for a review of his accounts. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit. Shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cooke's contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal. Cooke created a holding company, Tracey Ltd., which was named after Cooke's middle daughter. Klein, Cooke's manager, sneakily changed paperwork and listed himself as owner instead (and Sam Cooke as his employee). Sam Cooke trusted him to protect him against crooked music executives but Klein used that trust to his advantage. Tracey would manufacture Cooke's recordings and give exclusive rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years, after which the rights would revert to Tracey. Cooke would receive a cash advance of $100,000 per year for three years, followed by $75,000 for each of two option years. Instead of being paid the first $100,000 in cash, Cooke was paid in Tracey preferred stock, which would be taxed only when he sold it. While the deal benefited Cooke, it also greatly benefited Klein, who ended up owning the rights to all of Cooke's recordings made since the contract re-negotiation when Cooke was killed in 1964 and his widow sold Cooke's remaining rights to Klein.", "Sam Cooke discography The discography of Sam Cooke, an African-American recording artist, singer-songwriter and entrepreneur, consists of fifteen studio albums (including one collaborative album and two notable posthumous releases), two live albums, and numerous compilations. Over the course of his eight-year career, Cooke placed 29 singles in the Top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart. He also placed 20 singles in the Top Ten of \"Billboard\" R&B chart, Black Singles chart. Between 1957 and 1960, Sam Cooke's records were produced on the Keen label. From 1960 through 1966, they were produced on the RCA label. Ownership of Cooke's material is split between RCA (roughly 1958\u20131963) and ABKCO (post-1963), with each label releasing their own compilations and rarely cross-licensing (\"The Man and His Music\" and \"\" being the two exceptions). As a result, few of Cooke's original albums saw individual release on the medium of compact disc, and, consequently, digital distribution, although all of Cooke's recorded work has been released either in compilation or box set. Numerous compilation albums and greatest hits collections of Cooke's work have been released, notably \"\" in 2003. This list compiles the most notable compilation releases from major labels. Many cross-licensed compilations from smaller labels (most of which contain Cooke's gospel work with the Soul Stirrers) are not represented here.", "Ain't That Good News (song) \"Ain't That Good News\", also known as \"Good News\", is a song written and performed by soul singer Sam Cooke, released on RCA Records in 1964. The song was recorded in three takes for the 1964 album of the same name and reached number eleven on the pop chart, and number one on the Cashbox Magazine's R&B charts as a single. Cooke performed the song live on American Bandstand on April 4 of the same year. It is a modern adaptation of an older gospel song of the same title. Cooke's version was later covered by many acts, such as Otis Rush, The Supremes (led by Florence Ballard), David Fathead Newman, King Curtis and Ian Moss. The song was the first piece of new material that Cooke had recorded in the six months following the drowning death of his 18-month-old son Vincent. After reaching a new deal with RCA Records, Sam Cooke received more creative freedom in his work and had chosen a fine line of session musicians to accompany him. </div> Known for his gospel roots, Sam Cooke often used church influences in his music. \" Ain't That Good News \" is a secular reworking of an old spiritual. The spiritual's lyrics proclaimed the singer's faith and love for Jesus, built around gospel themes and a slow gospel tempo with an underlying pulsating drive. Sam Cooke, however, transformed the song into an uptempo soulful number with an upbeat horn and rhythm section. Cooke's version has the same feel, passion, and soul as the original, but is about the faith and love of a woman. Credits for the song adapted from album liner notes.", "SAR Records SAR Records was a record company founded by soul music legend Sam Cooke in 1961. The meaning of \"SAR\" has been disputed; it has been listed as \"Sam & Alex Records\" (J.W. Alexander was Cooke's business, song-writing associate, and friend) and also as \"Sam, Alex, & Roy Records\" (Roy being S. R. Crain, Cooke's mentor from his Soul Stirrers days, as well as his pop road manager). The label did not feature Cooke, but rather featured all of Cooke's artists such as the latter-day Soul Stirrers with Jimmie Outler and Johnnie Taylor singing lead, The Valentinos (including Bobby Womack), Billy Preston, Mel Carter, The Simms Twins, Johnnie Morisette, L. C. Cooke (Cooke's younger brother), as well as Johnnie Taylor as a pop soloist. One notable release on SAR was the original version of \"It's All Over Now\" by The Valentinos which would later be covered by the Rolling Stones. The label was intended to be a place where Sam Cooke could expand his artistic abilities as a writer/producer and to give other struggling African-American artists a venue to record during the racially charged 1960's. Cooke did record two songs on the label, however, that have only been released since 2001: the solo side of his gospel song \"That's Heaven to Me\", and \"Somewhere There's a Girl\" (a secular version of The Valentino's \"Somewhere There's a God\"). The label folded after Sam Cooke's death on December 11, 1964. A 2-CD compilation, \"Sam Cooke's SAR Records Story 1959\u20131965\", was released in 1994 by ABKCO Records.", "The Best of Sam Cooke The Best of Sam Cooke is the second greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, the album was released in 1962 in the United States by RCA Victor. The compilation contains most of Sam Cooke's most well-known hits from 1957 to 1962. AllMusic critic Ron Wynn gave \"The Best of Sam Cooke\" three-and-a-half out of five stars and called it \"an above-average greatest hits collection, although no sampler could fully convey Sam Cooke's genius.\" In \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau was more critical, giving it one star and recommending listeners overlook the album in favor of the 30-song compilation \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first thing Sam Cooke wrote", "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951.", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first start doing music?", "answer": {"text": "Sam Cooke began his career with his siblings in a group called the Singing Children when he was six years old.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_147dbb432f8042b3bac2bf27d9841622_1_q#3", "question": "Did he release albums", "rewrite": "Did Sam Cooke release albums?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ain't That Good News (song) \"Ain't That Good News\", also known as \"Good News\", is a song written and performed by soul singer Sam Cooke, released on RCA Records in 1964. The song was recorded in three takes for the 1964 album of the same name and reached number eleven on the pop chart, and number one on the Cashbox Magazine's R&B charts as a single. Cooke performed the song live on American Bandstand on April 4 of the same year. It is a modern adaptation of an older gospel song of the same title. Cooke's version was later covered by many acts, such as Otis Rush, The Supremes (led by Florence Ballard), David Fathead Newman, King Curtis and Ian Moss. The song was the first piece of new material that Cooke had recorded in the six months following the drowning death of his 18-month-old son Vincent. After reaching a new deal with RCA Records, Sam Cooke received more creative freedom in his work and had chosen a fine line of session musicians to accompany him. </div> Known for his gospel roots, Sam Cooke often used church influences in his music. \" Ain't That Good News \" is a secular reworking of an old spiritual. The spiritual's lyrics proclaimed the singer's faith and love for Jesus, built around gospel themes and a slow gospel tempo with an underlying pulsating drive. Sam Cooke, however, transformed the song into an uptempo soulful number with an upbeat horn and rhythm section. Cooke's version has the same feel, passion, and soul as the original, but is about the faith and love of a woman. Credits for the song adapted from album liner notes.", "The Best of Sam Cooke The Best of Sam Cooke is the second greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, the album was released in 1962 in the United States by RCA Victor. The compilation contains most of Sam Cooke's most well-known hits from 1957 to 1962. AllMusic critic Ron Wynn gave \"The Best of Sam Cooke\" three-and-a-half out of five stars and called it \"an above-average greatest hits collection, although no sampler could fully convey Sam Cooke's genius.\" In \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau was more critical, giving it one star and recommending listeners overlook the album in favor of the 30-song compilation \"\".", "Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, and formed a partnership with Klein to begin doing the same in Philadelphia. As Henderson's partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent who was equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his number one hit, \" You Send Me,\" among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a great deal of money, label executives nonetheless repeatedly refused to honor his many requests for a review of his accounts. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit. Shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cooke's contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal. Cooke created a holding company, Tracey Ltd., which was named after Cooke's middle daughter. Klein, Cooke's manager, sneakily changed paperwork and listed himself as owner instead (and Sam Cooke as his employee). Sam Cooke trusted him to protect him against crooked music executives but Klein used that trust to his advantage. Tracey would manufacture Cooke's recordings and give exclusive rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years, after which the rights would revert to Tracey. Cooke would receive a cash advance of $100,000 per year for three years, followed by $75,000 for each of two option years. Instead of being paid the first $100,000 in cash, Cooke was paid in Tracey preferred stock, which would be taxed only when he sold it. While the deal benefited Cooke, it also greatly benefited Klein, who ended up owning the rights to all of Cooke's recordings made since the contract re-negotiation when Cooke was killed in 1964 and his widow sold Cooke's remaining rights to Klein.", "Sam Cooke discography The discography of Sam Cooke, an African-American recording artist, singer-songwriter and entrepreneur, consists of fifteen studio albums (including one collaborative album and two notable posthumous releases), two live albums, and numerous compilations. Over the course of his eight-year career, Cooke placed 29 singles in the Top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart. He also placed 20 singles in the Top Ten of \"Billboard\" R&B chart, Black Singles chart. Between 1957 and 1960, Sam Cooke's records were produced on the Keen label. From 1960 through 1966, they were produced on the RCA label. Ownership of Cooke's material is split between RCA (roughly 1958\u20131963) and ABKCO (post-1963), with each label releasing their own compilations and rarely cross-licensing (\"The Man and His Music\" and \"\" being the two exceptions). As a result, few of Cooke's original albums saw individual release on the medium of compact disc, and, consequently, digital distribution, although all of Cooke's recorded work has been released either in compilation or box set. Numerous compilation albums and greatest hits collections of Cooke's work have been released, notably \"\" in 2003. This list compiles the most notable compilation releases from major labels. Many cross-licensed compilations from smaller labels (most of which contain Cooke's gospel work with the Soul Stirrers) are not represented here.", "SAR Records SAR Records was a record company founded by soul music legend Sam Cooke in 1961. The meaning of \"SAR\" has been disputed; it has been listed as \"Sam & Alex Records\" (J.W. Alexander was Cooke's business, song-writing associate, and friend) and also as \"Sam, Alex, & Roy Records\" (Roy being S. R. Crain, Cooke's mentor from his Soul Stirrers days, as well as his pop road manager). The label did not feature Cooke, but rather featured all of Cooke's artists such as the latter-day Soul Stirrers with Jimmie Outler and Johnnie Taylor singing lead, The Valentinos (including Bobby Womack), Billy Preston, Mel Carter, The Simms Twins, Johnnie Morisette, L. C. Cooke (Cooke's younger brother), as well as Johnnie Taylor as a pop soloist. One notable release on SAR was the original version of \"It's All Over Now\" by The Valentinos which would later be covered by the Rolling Stones. The label was intended to be a place where Sam Cooke could expand his artistic abilities as a writer/producer and to give other struggling African-American artists a venue to record during the racially charged 1960's. Cooke did record two songs on the label, however, that have only been released since 2001: the solo side of his gospel song \"That's Heaven to Me\", and \"Somewhere There's a Girl\" (a secular version of The Valentino's \"Somewhere There's a God\"). The label folded after Sam Cooke's death on December 11, 1964. A 2-CD compilation, \"Sam Cooke's SAR Records Story 1959\u20131965\", was released in 1994 by ABKCO Records."], "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951. They also recorded the gospel songs", "answer_start": 1136}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first thing Sam Cooke wrote", "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951.", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first start doing music?", "answer": {"text": "Sam Cooke began his career with his siblings in a group called the Singing Children when he was six years old.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId he win any awards", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_147dbb432f8042b3bac2bf27d9841622_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Sam Cooke besides his music career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Best of Sam Cooke The Best of Sam Cooke is the second greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, the album was released in 1962 in the United States by RCA Victor. The compilation contains most of Sam Cooke's most well-known hits from 1957 to 1962. AllMusic critic Ron Wynn gave \"The Best of Sam Cooke\" three-and-a-half out of five stars and called it \"an above-average greatest hits collection, although no sampler could fully convey Sam Cooke's genius.\" In \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau was more critical, giving it one star and recommending listeners overlook the album in favor of the 30-song compilation \"\".", "Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, and formed a partnership with Klein to begin doing the same in Philadelphia. As Henderson's partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent who was equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his number one hit, \" You Send Me,\" among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a great deal of money, label executives nonetheless repeatedly refused to honor his many requests for a review of his accounts. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit. Shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cooke's contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal. Cooke created a holding company, Tracey Ltd., which was named after Cooke's middle daughter. Klein, Cooke's manager, sneakily changed paperwork and listed himself as owner instead (and Sam Cooke as his employee). Sam Cooke trusted him to protect him against crooked music executives but Klein used that trust to his advantage. Tracey would manufacture Cooke's recordings and give exclusive rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years, after which the rights would revert to Tracey. Cooke would receive a cash advance of $100,000 per year for three years, followed by $75,000 for each of two option years. Instead of being paid the first $100,000 in cash, Cooke was paid in Tracey preferred stock, which would be taxed only when he sold it. While the deal benefited Cooke, it also greatly benefited Klein, who ended up owning the rights to all of Cooke's recordings made since the contract re-negotiation when Cooke was killed in 1964 and his widow sold Cooke's remaining rights to Klein.", "Ain't That Good News (song) \"Ain't That Good News\", also known as \"Good News\", is a song written and performed by soul singer Sam Cooke, released on RCA Records in 1964. The song was recorded in three takes for the 1964 album of the same name and reached number eleven on the pop chart, and number one on the Cashbox Magazine's R&B charts as a single. Cooke performed the song live on American Bandstand on April 4 of the same year. It is a modern adaptation of an older gospel song of the same title. Cooke's version was later covered by many acts, such as Otis Rush, The Supremes (led by Florence Ballard), David Fathead Newman, King Curtis and Ian Moss. The song was the first piece of new material that Cooke had recorded in the six months following the drowning death of his 18-month-old son Vincent. After reaching a new deal with RCA Records, Sam Cooke received more creative freedom in his work and had chosen a fine line of session musicians to accompany him. </div> Known for his gospel roots, Sam Cooke often used church influences in his music. \" Ain't That Good News \" is a secular reworking of an old spiritual. The spiritual's lyrics proclaimed the singer's faith and love for Jesus, built around gospel themes and a slow gospel tempo with an underlying pulsating drive. Sam Cooke, however, transformed the song into an uptempo soulful number with an upbeat horn and rhythm section. Cooke's version has the same feel, passion, and soul as the original, but is about the faith and love of a woman. Credits for the song adapted from album liner notes.", "Sam Cooke discography The discography of Sam Cooke, an African-American recording artist, singer-songwriter and entrepreneur, consists of fifteen studio albums (including one collaborative album and two notable posthumous releases), two live albums, and numerous compilations. Over the course of his eight-year career, Cooke placed 29 singles in the Top 40 on the \"Billboard\" Pop Singles chart. He also placed 20 singles in the Top Ten of \"Billboard\" R&B chart, Black Singles chart. Between 1957 and 1960, Sam Cooke's records were produced on the Keen label. From 1960 through 1966, they were produced on the RCA label. Ownership of Cooke's material is split between RCA (roughly 1958\u20131963) and ABKCO (post-1963), with each label releasing their own compilations and rarely cross-licensing (\"The Man and His Music\" and \"\" being the two exceptions). As a result, few of Cooke's original albums saw individual release on the medium of compact disc, and, consequently, digital distribution, although all of Cooke's recorded work has been released either in compilation or box set. Numerous compilation albums and greatest hits collections of Cooke's work have been released, notably \"\" in 2003. This list compiles the most notable compilation releases from major labels. Many cross-licensed compilations from smaller labels (most of which contain Cooke's gospel work with the Soul Stirrers) are not represented here.", "SAR Records SAR Records was a record company founded by soul music legend Sam Cooke in 1961. The meaning of \"SAR\" has been disputed; it has been listed as \"Sam & Alex Records\" (J.W. Alexander was Cooke's business, song-writing associate, and friend) and also as \"Sam, Alex, & Roy Records\" (Roy being S. R. Crain, Cooke's mentor from his Soul Stirrers days, as well as his pop road manager). The label did not feature Cooke, but rather featured all of Cooke's artists such as the latter-day Soul Stirrers with Jimmie Outler and Johnnie Taylor singing lead, The Valentinos (including Bobby Womack), Billy Preston, Mel Carter, The Simms Twins, Johnnie Morisette, L. C. Cooke (Cooke's younger brother), as well as Johnnie Taylor as a pop soloist. One notable release on SAR was the original version of \"It's All Over Now\" by The Valentinos which would later be covered by the Rolling Stones. The label was intended to be a place where Sam Cooke could expand his artistic abilities as a writer/producer and to give other struggling African-American artists a venue to record during the racially charged 1960's. Cooke did record two songs on the label, however, that have only been released since 2001: the solo side of his gospel song \"That's Heaven to Me\", and \"Somewhere There's a Girl\" (a secular version of The Valentino's \"Somewhere There's a God\"). The label folded after Sam Cooke's death on December 11, 1964. A 2-CD compilation, \"Sam Cooke's SAR Records Story 1959\u20131965\", was released in 1994 by ABKCO Records."], "answer": {"text": "In 1957 he added an \"e\" at the end of his name to signify a new start to his life.", "answer_start": 64}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first thing Sam Cooke wrote", "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951.", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first start doing music?", "answer": {"text": "Sam Cooke began his career with his siblings in a group called the Singing Children when he was six years old.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId he win any awards", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release albums", "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951. They also recorded the gospel songs", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_147dbb432f8042b3bac2bf27d9841622_1_q#5", "question": "Why did he want a new start in his life", "rewrite": "Why did Sam Cooke want a new start in his life?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Henderson hosted lavish, profitable live rhythm and blues shows at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, and formed a partnership with Klein to begin doing the same in Philadelphia. As Henderson's partner, Klein was introduced to Sam Cooke, a preeminent talent who was equally adept at writing, producing, and performing his numerous hit records. Cooke had scored four top ten hits between 1957 and 1963, including his number one hit, \" You Send Me,\" among 33 records in the top 100 in that period. Although Cooke was clearly making his label, RCA Records, a great deal of money, label executives nonetheless repeatedly refused to honor his many requests for a review of his accounts. Klein forced the reluctant label to open its books for a thorough audit. Shortly afterward, RCA agreed to re-negotiate Cooke's contract. Klein secured for his client a genuinely groundbreaking deal. Cooke created a holding company, Tracey Ltd., which was named after Cooke's middle daughter. Klein, Cooke's manager, sneakily changed paperwork and listed himself as owner instead (and Sam Cooke as his employee). Sam Cooke trusted him to protect him against crooked music executives but Klein used that trust to his advantage. Tracey would manufacture Cooke's recordings and give exclusive rights to RCA to sell them for 30 years, after which the rights would revert to Tracey. Cooke would receive a cash advance of $100,000 per year for three years, followed by $75,000 for each of two option years. Instead of being paid the first $100,000 in cash, Cooke was paid in Tracey preferred stock, which would be taxed only when he sold it. While the deal benefited Cooke, it also greatly benefited Klein, who ended up owning the rights to all of Cooke's recordings made since the contract re-negotiation when Cooke was killed in 1964 and his widow sold Cooke's remaining rights to Klein.", "The Best of Sam Cooke The Best of Sam Cooke is the second greatest hits album by American singer-songwriter Sam Cooke. Produced by Hugo & Luigi, the album was released in 1962 in the United States by RCA Victor. The compilation contains most of Sam Cooke's most well-known hits from 1957 to 1962. AllMusic critic Ron Wynn gave \"The Best of Sam Cooke\" three-and-a-half out of five stars and called it \"an above-average greatest hits collection, although no sampler could fully convey Sam Cooke's genius.\" In \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau was more critical, giving it one star and recommending listeners overlook the album in favor of the 30-song compilation \"\".", "Medeina  Medeina or Medein\u0117 (derived from \"medis\" (tree) and \"med\u0117\" (forest)), often treated as synonymous to \u017dvor\u016bn\u0117 or \u017dvor\u016bna (derived from \"\u017ev\u0117ris\" (beast)), is one of the main deities in the Lithuanian mythology, and is similar to Latvian Me\u017ea M\u0101te (Forest Mother). She is a ruler of forests, trees and animals. Her sacred animal is a hare. A Slavic transcription of John Malalas' Chronicle (dated 1261) mentioned \u017dvor\u016bna and three other gods. The Hypatian Codex, describing events of 1252, mentioned pagan gods still worshiped by King Mindaugas. The Codex mentioned Medeina and an unnamed hare goddess. There is an academic discussion whether Medeina is the name of hare goddess mentioned in the Codex or those two are independent deities. As part of the official pantheon, Medeina represented military interest of warriors and later was replaced by \u017demyna, goddess of earth representing agricultural interest of peasants. In the 15th century, Jan D\u0142ugosz compared Medeina with Roman goddess Diana. She was also mentioned by Jan \u0141asicki, Mikalojus Dauk\u0161a, and in the Bychowiec Chronicle. According to research by Algirdas Julius Greimas, Medeina is single, unwilling to get married, though voluptuous and beautiful huntress. She is depicted as a young woman and a she-wolf (cf. \"vilkmerg\u0117\") with an escort of wolves. According to the author, Medeina can be described as a goddess with both divine and demonic traits. Her duty is not to help the hunters, but to protect the forest.", "SAR Records SAR Records was a record company founded by soul music legend Sam Cooke in 1961. The meaning of \"SAR\" has been disputed; it has been listed as \"Sam & Alex Records\" (J.W. Alexander was Cooke's business, song-writing associate, and friend) and also as \"Sam, Alex, & Roy Records\" (Roy being S. R. Crain, Cooke's mentor from his Soul Stirrers days, as well as his pop road manager). The label did not feature Cooke, but rather featured all of Cooke's artists such as the latter-day Soul Stirrers with Jimmie Outler and Johnnie Taylor singing lead, The Valentinos (including Bobby Womack), Billy Preston, Mel Carter, The Simms Twins, Johnnie Morisette, L. C. Cooke (Cooke's younger brother), as well as Johnnie Taylor as a pop soloist. One notable release on SAR was the original version of \"It's All Over Now\" by The Valentinos which would later be covered by the Rolling Stones. The label was intended to be a place where Sam Cooke could expand his artistic abilities as a writer/producer and to give other struggling African-American artists a venue to record during the racially charged 1960's. Cooke did record two songs on the label, however, that have only been released since 2001: the solo side of his gospel song \"That's Heaven to Me\", and \"Somewhere There's a Girl\" (a secular version of The Valentino's \"Somewhere There's a God\"). The label folded after Sam Cooke's death on December 11, 1964. A 2-CD compilation, \"Sam Cooke's SAR Records Story 1959\u20131965\", was released in 1994 by ABKCO Records.", "WVLN WVLN 740 AM is a radio station broadcasting a sports talk format. Licensed to Olney, Illinois, United States, the station is owned by Forcht Broadcasting and features programming from CBS Sports Radio. 740 AM is a Canadian clear-channel frequency, on which CFZM in Toronto, Ontario is the dominant Class A station; WVLN must reduce nighttime power to protect the skywave signal of CFZM. WVLN began broadcasting on November 11, 1947, and ran 250 watts during daytime hours only. The station was owned by Olney Broadcasting Company. In January 1958, the station was sold to Illinois Broadcasting Company for $95,000. In 1972, WVLN was sold to Public Service Broadcasters, Inc., along with 92.9 WSEI, for $265,488. In 1976, it was sold to Eugene McPherson, along with WSEI, for $352,000. In 1976, it was sold to Terry Forcht's V.L.N. Broadcasting, along with WSEI, for $1,120,000. In addition to the main station at 740 kHz, WVLN is relayed to an FM translator broadcasting on 107.1 MHz. The FM signal helps make up for some of the loss in coverage to the north of Olney during nighttime hours when the AM station broadcasts with only 7 watts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first thing Sam Cooke wrote", "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951.", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first start doing music?", "answer": {"text": "Sam Cooke began his career with his siblings in a group called the Singing Children when he was six years old.", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId he win any awards", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release albums", "answer": {"text": "Their first recording under Cooke's leadership was the song \"Jesus Gave Me Water\" in 1951. They also recorded the gospel songs", "answer_start": 1136, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1957 he added an \"e\" at the end of his name to signify a new start to his life.", "answer_start": 64, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6c3e4d4f35684c3981231a9b77fec7d9_1_q#0", "question": "how was Stan Laurel involved with 20th Century Fox?", "rewrite": "how was Stan Laurel involved with 20th Century Fox?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mae Dahlberg Mae Dahlberg, sometimes known as Mae Laurel, (24 May 1888, Brunswick, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia \u2013 1969, New York, U.S.) was an Australian-born music hall and vaudeville performer and actress, later active in Hollywood silent films. She was Stan Laurel's professional partner and common-law wife from 1917 to 1925. She was born May Charlotte Dahlberg on 24 May 1888, in the inner Melbourne suburb of Brunswick, Victoria, Australia, to Louis, a labourer, and Mary Jane (\"nee\" Gundry). By 1905 she had begun to earn a reputation performing as a singer and dancer on the Australian stage, with positive reviews. In 1906 she married baritone and fellow performer Rupert Cuthbert while in Hobart, Tasmania. A child, Rupert Clifton Saxe Cuthbert, was born of the union in 1908, in Melbourne. In about 1913, Dahlberg and Cuthbert sailed for the United States. Dahlberg and Cuthbert's personal and professional relationship apparently did not last. While performing in a \"sister act,\" in California, Dahlberg met and formed a variety act with Stan Laurel. In 1917 she played in a comedy short, \"Nuts in May\", notable as the screen debut of Stan Laurel (credited as Stan Jefferson). Mae Dahlberg is credited as \"Mae Laurel\" in several of her films. Though Stan and Mae never married, as professional partners they lived together as common-law husband and wife from 1917 to 1925. Mae maintained that it was she who suggested Stan change his name to Laurel. By 1924, Laurel had given up the stage for full-time film work, under contract with Joe Rock for 12 two-reel comedies. The contract had one unusual stipulation, that Dahlberg was not to appear in any of the films; Rock thought her temperament was hindering Laurel's career.", "TCFTV produced the first two series that aired on Fox's sister network, MyNetworkTV: the telenovelas \"Desire\" and \"Fashion House\". In 1989, 20th Century Fox Television's functions were taken over by Twentieth Television Corporation, a separate entity from 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. Both companies were subsidiaries of News Corporation unit Fox Inc.; the move was made to separate the television productions from the movie studio in order to increase the latter's output. Following a 1994 restructuring of Fox's television production companies, 20th Television was refocused on syndication and \"non-traditional programs\", while network television programming once more came under the 20th Century Fox Television banner and returned to being a division of the movie studio. In 1997, MTM Enterprises became part of 20th Century Fox Television, and thus remains an in-name only division of TCFTV. In 2012, 20th Century Fox Television was reorganized as a separate unit of News Corporation; 20th Century Fox Television chairs Dana Walden and Gary Newman now report to Chase Carey, COO of 21st Century Fox. In July 2014, it was announced that the operations of the Fox Broadcasting Company and 20th Century Fox Television would merge into a new unit, the Fox Television Group, which was overseen by Walden and Newman. The Fox network was not included in Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox and was one of several assets later spun off to Fox Corporation. In early 2015, Mythology Entertainment signed a first look deal with the company and fellow company Fox 21 Television Studios while announcing its TV division head. In March 2019, the Disney acquisition of 21st Century Fox was finalized. As a result of the acquisition, Newman departed and Walden was made head of Disney programming. Jonnie Davis and Howard Kurtzman, who previously held high ranking positions with the Fox Television Group, became the co-heads of 20th Century Fox Television.", "The Sons of the Desert The Sons of the Desert is an international fraternal organization devoted to the lives and films of comedians Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy. The group takes its name from a fictional lodge that Laurel and Hardy belonged to in the 1933 movie \"Sons of the Desert\". In 1964, three years after the book \"Mr. Laurel and Mr. Hardy\" by John McCabe was published, McCabe formed a small group of Laurel and Hardy admirers, including actor Orson Bean, cartoonist Al Kilgore, TV personality Chuck McCann, and John Municino. McCabe created a mock-serious \u201cconstitution\u201d that satirized the formalities of many social organizations. Stan Laurel endorsed and humorously revised the document; he suggested that members might wear a fez or blazer patch with the motto \"Two Minds Without a Single Thought. \" Founding member Kilgore created a logo with the motto in Latin (in the spirit of Laurel\u2019s dictum that the organization should have \u201ca half-assed dignity\u201d about it) as \"Duae tabulae rasae in quibus nihil scriptum est\" (literally: \"Two blank slates on which nothing has been written\"). The first public Sons of the Desert meeting was held in New York City in 1965, shortly after Stan Laurel's death. McCabe's group quickly inspired chapters in other United States cities, and then in the United Kingdom and other countries. In keeping with the tongue-in-cheek \u201cdesert\u201d theme, each local chapter of the society is called a \u201ctent,\u201d and each tent is named after one of the Laurel and Hardy films and designated with an \"Oasis number\" (e.g., Chicago is Oasis #10). There are more than 100 active \"tents\" worldwide, mostly in the United States and United Kingdom.", "The Big Noise (1944 film) The Big Noise is a 1944 comedy film starring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy. It was produced by Sol M. Wurtzel and directed by Mal St. Clair. While cleaning the office of a detective agency, janitors Laurel and Hardy answer a telephone call from an inventor who claims to have created a destructive bomb he calls \"The Big Noise. \" Posing as detectives, the duo move into the inventor's home, where they must contend with his eccentric behavior, oddball widowed aunt (who takes a fancy to Hardy) and his misbehaving nephew. The inventor's neighbors are crooks who are eager to steal the new bomb. Laurel and Hardy hide the bomb in a concertina and steal an airplane to bring it to Washington. However, the airplane is a remote control target used by the U.S. Army for gunnery training. Laurel and Hardy barely escape by parachuting to safety over the Pacific Ocean, and they dispose of the bomb by dropping it on a Japanese submarine. \"The Big Noise\" was the fifth of six feature films Laurel and Hardy made at 20th Century Fox during the 1940s. During the film's production, Stan Laurel told an interviewer that efforts were made to support the American World War II domestic effort to conserve materials. \"We cut out automobile chases and food wasting-gags when the war first started, and with \"The Big Noise\" we decided to slash every gag that might conceivably have bearing on wartime wastages and destruction,\" he said. Scenes and gags used in previous Laurel and Hardy films turned up in \"The Big Noise\". Among the earlier films to have their material reused were \"Berth Marks\", \"Wrong Again\", \"Block-Heads\" and \"The Flying Deuces\".", "so posing as businessmen, they pay Ginger a visit at home and try to deflect her by telling her that Daniel is broke and not the catch she believes he is. She recognizes them and throws them out of her apartment. Hippo also tries to break up the loving couple by cancelling Daniel's night leave and making him a prisoner in the guard room instead. Stan and Ollie get into trouble when they are captured by the opposing team in a military exercise. When Daniel hears about their unfortunate situation, he escapes his lock-up and uses Penelope to find Stan. Penelope helps find Stan, and the team that Stan and Ollie belong to win the maneuver. Daniel and his employees become heroes, and Daniel and Ginger become a couple. Penelope gets her own bird-size uniform and all the boys participate in a military parade together, while the aunts and Ginger watch. The first of Laurel and Hardy's post-Hal Roach features, \"Great Guns\" is generally regarded as the start of the team's decline, since they were given unsuitable, out-of-character scripts to work with, and very little artistic freedom. At Hal Roach Studios, Stan Laurel looked on such creativity behind as well as in front of the camera as routine, but 20th Century Fox did not allow such luxuries. Biographer John McCabe was among those who documented Laurel's unhappiness with these later films for Fox and MGM. Alan Ladd appears briefly as a photo store customer. The film shows the American army preparing for World War Two and is laughable (pun intended) for the antiquated tactics and equipment shown. Much of the film is about a mounted cavalry unit training for war. As the film was released in October 1941, two months before Pearl Harbor, but well after the Fall of France and the invasion of the Soviet Union, the obvious superiority of tanks made this film seem very outdated."], "answer": {"text": "Laurel and Hardy signed a contract at 20th Century Fox to make ten films over five years.", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6c3e4d4f35684c3981231a9b77fec7d9_1_q#1", "question": "what year did they sign?", "rewrite": "what year did Laurel and Hardy sign with 20th Century Fox?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["20th Century Fox Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation (colloquial: Twentieth Century Fox, 20th Century Fox, 20th, Fox) is an American film studio that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, a division of The Walt Disney Company. The studio is located on the Fox Lot in the Century City area of Los Angeles. For over 83 years, it was one of the \"Big Six\" major American film studios; formed from the merger of the Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures in 1935. In 1985, the studio was acquired by News Corporation, which was succeeded by 21st Century Fox in 2013 following the spin-off of its publishing assets. In 2019, Disney acquired 20th Century Fox through its merger with 21st Century Fox. Twentieth Century Pictures' Joseph Schenck and Darryl F. Zanuck left United Artists over a stock dispute, and began merger talks with the management of financially struggling Fox Film, under President Sidney Kent. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, helped make it happen (and later became president of the new company). The company had been struggling since founder William Fox lost control of the company in 1930. The new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31, 1935. Kent remained at the company, joining Schenck and Zanuck. Zanuck replaced Winfield Sheehan as the company's production chief. The company established a special training school. Lynn Bari, Patricia Farr and Anne Nagel were among 14 young women \"launched on the trail of film stardom\" on August 6, 1935, when they each received a six-month contract with 20th Century Fox after spending 18 months in the school. The contracts included a studio option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have been founded in 1915, the year Fox Film was founded.", "[20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, 'Perros' S. 1 Ep 4 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, ' Invierno Cayo' S. 1 Ep 5 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, 'Entre Dos Tierras' S. 1 Ep 6 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, \"Regreso Del Infierno\" S.1 Ep. 7 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, \"El Zorro y el Gallinero\" S.1 Ep. 8 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, \"Dia de Todos los Santos\" S.1 Ep. 9 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, \" El Buey y el Alacran\" S.1 Ep. 10 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, \"La Luz Verde\" S.1 Ep. 11 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes) Gang Related, \"Almadena\" S.1 Ep. 12 (2014) (TV Series) [20th Century FOX / Chris Morgan Productions / Imagine Entertainment] Composer (All Episodes)", "TCFTV produced the first two series that aired on Fox's sister network, MyNetworkTV: the telenovelas \"Desire\" and \"Fashion House\". In 1989, 20th Century Fox Television's functions were taken over by Twentieth Television Corporation, a separate entity from 20th Century Fox Film Corporation. Both companies were subsidiaries of News Corporation unit Fox Inc.; the move was made to separate the television productions from the movie studio in order to increase the latter's output. Following a 1994 restructuring of Fox's television production companies, 20th Television was refocused on syndication and \"non-traditional programs\", while network television programming once more came under the 20th Century Fox Television banner and returned to being a division of the movie studio. In 1997, MTM Enterprises became part of 20th Century Fox Television, and thus remains an in-name only division of TCFTV. In 2012, 20th Century Fox Television was reorganized as a separate unit of News Corporation; 20th Century Fox Television chairs Dana Walden and Gary Newman now report to Chase Carey, COO of 21st Century Fox. In July 2014, it was announced that the operations of the Fox Broadcasting Company and 20th Century Fox Television would merge into a new unit, the Fox Television Group, which was overseen by Walden and Newman. The Fox network was not included in Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox and was one of several assets later spun off to Fox Corporation. In early 2015, Mythology Entertainment signed a first look deal with the company and fellow company Fox 21 Television Studios while announcing its TV division head. In March 2019, the Disney acquisition of 21st Century Fox was finalized. As a result of the acquisition, Newman departed and Walden was made head of Disney programming. Jonnie Davis and Howard Kurtzman, who previously held high ranking positions with the Fox Television Group, became the co-heads of 20th Century Fox Television.", "Laurel and Hardy filmography  Laurel and Hardy were a motion picture comedy team whose official filmography consists of 106 films released from 1921 and 1951. Together they appeared in 34 silent shorts, 45 sound shorts, and 27 full-length sound feature films. In addition to these, Laurel and Hardy appeared in at least 20 foreign-language versions of their films and a promotional film, \"Galaxy of Stars\" (1936), made for European film distributors. Stan Laurel (1890\u20131965) and Oliver Hardy (1892\u20131957) were established as film comedians prior to their teaming, with Laurel appearing in over 50 silent films and Hardy in over 250. (Hardy also appeared in three sound features without Laurel.) Although they first worked together in the film \"The Lucky Dog\" (1921), this was a chance pairing and it was not until 1926 when both separately signed contracts with the Hal Roach film studio that they appeared in movie shorts together. Laurel and Hardy officially became a team the following year, in their eleventh silent short film \"The Second Hundred Years\" (1927). and in 1934 produced their most popular holiday classic, Babes In Toyland (aka March Of The Wooden Soldiers). The pair remained with the Roach studio until 1940. Between 1941 and 1945 they appeared in eight features and one short for 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. After finishing their movie commitments Laurel and Hardy concentrated on stage shows, embarking on a music hall tour of Great Britain. In 1950, they made their last film \" Atoll K\", a French/Italian co-production. In 1932 Laurel and Hardy's short \"The Music Box\" won the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film (Comedy). In 1960, Laurel was presented with an Honorary Academy Award \"for his creative pioneering in the field of cinema comedy.\"", "20th Century Fox Television Twentieth Century Fox Television (or TCF TV or TCFTV, stylized as 20th Century Fox Television) is a television-production studio owned by Walt Disney Television, a division of The Walt Disney Company. 20th Television is the syndication and distribution arm of 20th Century Fox Television. 20th Century Fox Television was part of Disney's 2019 acquisition of the majority 21st Century Fox assets. Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox was completed on March 20, 2019. Notable shows produced by 20th Century Fox Television include: \"Batman\", \"M*A*S*H\", \"Glee\", \"How I Met Your Mother\", \"Bones\", \"Empire\", \"Family Guy\", \"24\", \"Modern Family\", \"This Is Us\", \"American Dad!\", \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", \"Futurama\", \"King of the Hill\", \"New Girl\", \"American Horror Story\" and most notably \"The X-Files\" and \"The Simpsons\". 20th Century Fox Television was formed in 1949 as other studios were branching out into television production as well. At that time, the company was known as TCF Television Productions, Inc. until 1958. Decades later, TCFTV folded the operations of TV production companies it has acquired: Metromedia Producers Corporation in 1986, New World Entertainment in 1997, and MTM Enterprises in 1998, and is the current distributor (via its distribution division, 20th Television) for most of the shows originally produced by these companies. From 1986-2019, 20th Century Fox Television served as the Fox television network's official production arm (with Fox Television Studios being viewed as the network's unofficial television production division), producing the bulk of television series airing on the television network."], "answer": {"text": "In 1941,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how was Stan Laurel involved with 20th Century Fox?", "answer": {"text": "Laurel and Hardy signed a contract at 20th Century Fox to make ten films over five years.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6c3e4d4f35684c3981231a9b77fec7d9_1_q#2", "question": "what is the first film they made?", "rewrite": "what is the first film Laurel and Hardy made?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Big Noise (1944 film) The Big Noise is a 1944 comedy film starring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy. It was produced by Sol M. Wurtzel and directed by Mal St. Clair. While cleaning the office of a detective agency, janitors Laurel and Hardy answer a telephone call from an inventor who claims to have created a destructive bomb he calls \"The Big Noise. \" Posing as detectives, the duo move into the inventor's home, where they must contend with his eccentric behavior, oddball widowed aunt (who takes a fancy to Hardy) and his misbehaving nephew. The inventor's neighbors are crooks who are eager to steal the new bomb. Laurel and Hardy hide the bomb in a concertina and steal an airplane to bring it to Washington. However, the airplane is a remote control target used by the U.S. Army for gunnery training. Laurel and Hardy barely escape by parachuting to safety over the Pacific Ocean, and they dispose of the bomb by dropping it on a Japanese submarine. \"The Big Noise\" was the fifth of six feature films Laurel and Hardy made at 20th Century Fox during the 1940s. During the film's production, Stan Laurel told an interviewer that efforts were made to support the American World War II domestic effort to conserve materials. \"We cut out automobile chases and food wasting-gags when the war first started, and with \"The Big Noise\" we decided to slash every gag that might conceivably have bearing on wartime wastages and destruction,\" he said. Scenes and gags used in previous Laurel and Hardy films turned up in \"The Big Noise\". Among the earlier films to have their material reused were \"Berth Marks\", \"Wrong Again\", \"Block-Heads\" and \"The Flying Deuces\".", "Hardy made his major league debut for the Detroit Tigers the next day in a game against the Kansas City Royals, pitching two scoreless innings, allowing one hit, walking two and striking out two. He performed well in his first major league season, posting a 2.54 ERA in 39 innings pitched. Hardy made the Tiger roster for Opening Day in the 2015 season, but was held back for extended spring training due to a minor injury. On August 23, 2015, Hardy's homerless streak of innings ended after allowing a home run to Mike Napoli. This was the longest active homerless innings streak in the major leagues. The last time Hardy had allowed a home run was to Jason Castro on June 27, 2014. Hardy holds the franchise record for the most appearances by a left-hander without allowing a home run, at 87, and was two appearances away from tying Bernie Boland's record for 89 homerless appearances. He would finish the season with a 3.08 ERA, while striking out 55 batters in innings. He appeared in a team-high 70 games in 2015. On May 12, 2016, Hardy was optioned to the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens. He made seven appearances between June 6 and June 18 before being optioned to Toledo again. He was called up to the Tigers again in August, and pitched three scoreless innings of an August 9 game against the Seattle Mariners. For the 2016 season, Hardy made 21 relief appearances, posting a 1\u20130 record with a 3.51 ERA in innings pitched. Hardy again split time between Toledo and Detroit in 2017. He struggled with the Tigers this season, posting a 5.94 ERA and 1.77 WHIP while striking out 28 batters in innings. On November 25, 2017, the Tigers avoided arbitration with Hardy, agreeing on a one-year contract.", "Hardy made an appearance on January 5, 2016 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\" on its live Pop TV debut backstage and ringside to support his brother Matt in the semi-finals and finals of the TNA World Title Series, which Matt had later lost. On the January 12, 2016 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Hardy made his return in a segment that involved Ethan Carter III denying Hardy an opportunity at the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, instead bringing out Shynron to face Hardy, won the match. On the January 26 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Hardy issued a challenge to the villainous Matt Hardy for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, as the match was set to begin he was attacked by Eric Young and Bram. Hardy returned on March 15 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Jeff Hardy defeating Eric Young in a match to determine the third challenger for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship match in which included Matt Hardy and Ethan Carter III, which Jeff lost. After Matt losing the title, he started a feud with Jeff, he wanted an I Quit match against him. On the April 19 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", the match eventually ended up in a no-contest after neither man could continue. On the May 10 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Hardy teaming with James Storm against Decay in a losing effort after an Imposter Willow distracted Hardy. After the match, Hardy searched backstage for Imposter Willow but attacked by three different people dressed as Willow. On the May 17 episode of \"Impact Wrestling\", Hardy defeating one of the Imposter Willow. Afterwards, Matt Hardy revealed himself to be one of the Imposter Willows behind the attacks on Jeff.", "On September 26, 2016, Hardy was arrested for cocaine possession in Dallas, Texas. In October 2016, Hardy announced he would start an MMA career and had been training for several months, although he had no previous experience in mixed martial arts. Hardy made his amateur MMA debut on November 4, 2017, in which he defeated Joe Hawkins by knockout in a 32-second match. Hardy's amateur MMA record improved to 2-0 on December 1, 2017 with another first-round TKO victory, this time over debuting amateur Kenneth Woods. On February 16, 2018, Hardy was victorious in his third amateur bout, defeating Ryan Chester via knockout 14 seconds into the first round. In April 2018, it was announced that Hardy would make his professional debut at Dana White's Tuesday Night Contender Series on June 12. He fought fellow former NFL defensive end Austen Lane and won by a knockout in the first round. Afterwards, he was awarded a contract by the UFC. For his second professional fight, Hardy faced Tebaris Gordon on the August 7, 2018, edition of Dana White's Tuesday Night Contender Series. He won by TKO in the fight's opening minute. Following the win over Gordon, Hardy said he was committed to his MMA career and would only consider a return to the NFL if it was with the Dallas Cowboys or the Carolina Panthers. For the third fight of his professional career, Hardy faced Rasheem Jones at Xtreme Fight Night 352 on September 29, 2018. He won by knockout at 53 seconds in the first round. After obtaining an undefeated professional record of 3-0, with all 3 wins coming by way of knockout inside one minute, Hardy made his Ultimate Fighting Championship promotional debut against Allen Crowder on January 19, 2019 at . Hardy lost the fight via disqualification. Hardy hit Crowder with his knee while Crowder was down on the ground, leaving Crowder unable to continue.", "The films proved very successful, and gradually both Laurel and Hardy were allowed more creative input. Laurel and Hardy completed eight features during the war years, with no loss of popularity. M-G-M's two-picture pact expired in August 1944, and Fox's series of six Laurel & Hardy pictures ended when the studio discontinued B-picture production in December 1944. In 1947, Laurel and Hardy went on a six-week tour of the United Kingdom. They were initially unsure of how they would be received, but they were mobbed wherever they went. The tour was lengthened to include engagements in Scandinavia, Belgium, France, and a Royal Command Performance for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Biographer John McCabe writes that they continued to make live appearances in the United Kingdom and France until 1954, often using new sketches and material that Laurel had written for them. In 1949, Hardy's friend John Wayne asked him to play a supporting role in \"The Fighting Kentuckian\". Hardy had previously worked with Wayne and John Ford in a charity production of the play \"What Price Glory?\" while Laurel began treatment for his diabetes a few years previously. He was initially hesitant, but he accepted the role at Laurel's insistence. Frank Capra invited him to play a cameo role in \"Riding High\" with Bing Crosby in 1950. During 1950\u201351, Laurel and Hardy made their final film \" Atoll K\" (also known as \"Utopia\"). It was a simple concept; Laurel inherits an island, and the boys set out to sea where they encounter a storm and discover a brand new island, rich in uranium, making them powerful and wealthy. However, the film was produced by a consortium of European interests, with an international cast and crew that could not speak to each other."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how was Stan Laurel involved with 20th Century Fox?", "answer": {"text": "Laurel and Hardy signed a contract at 20th Century Fox to make ten films over five years.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what year did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "In 1941,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6c3e4d4f35684c3981231a9b77fec7d9_1_q#3", "question": "did the fulfill their contract?", "rewrite": "did Laurel and Hardy fulfill their contract to make ten films over 5 years?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Laurel and Hardy filmography  Laurel and Hardy were a motion picture comedy team whose official filmography consists of 106 films released from 1921 and 1951. Together they appeared in 34 silent shorts, 45 sound shorts, and 27 full-length sound feature films. In addition to these, Laurel and Hardy appeared in at least 20 foreign-language versions of their films and a promotional film, \"Galaxy of Stars\" (1936), made for European film distributors. Stan Laurel (1890\u20131965) and Oliver Hardy (1892\u20131957) were established as film comedians prior to their teaming, with Laurel appearing in over 50 silent films and Hardy in over 250. (Hardy also appeared in three sound features without Laurel.) Although they first worked together in the film \"The Lucky Dog\" (1921), this was a chance pairing and it was not until 1926 when both separately signed contracts with the Hal Roach film studio that they appeared in movie shorts together. Laurel and Hardy officially became a team the following year, in their eleventh silent short film \"The Second Hundred Years\" (1927). and in 1934 produced their most popular holiday classic, Babes In Toyland (aka March Of The Wooden Soldiers). The pair remained with the Roach studio until 1940. Between 1941 and 1945 they appeared in eight features and one short for 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. After finishing their movie commitments Laurel and Hardy concentrated on stage shows, embarking on a music hall tour of Great Britain. In 1950, they made their last film \" Atoll K\", a French/Italian co-production. In 1932 Laurel and Hardy's short \"The Music Box\" won the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film (Comedy). In 1960, Laurel was presented with an Honorary Academy Award \"for his creative pioneering in the field of cinema comedy.\"", "Zanuck assured them that they could have a large supply of CinemaScope product because Fox would make CinemaScope lenses available to other film companies and start a production unit, led by Lippert, called Regal Pictures in 1956 to produce B pictures in that process. Lippert's company was contracted to make 20 pictures a year for seven years, each to be shot in seven days for no more than $100,000. Due to Lippert's problems with the film unions over not paying residuals to actors and writers of his films when they were sold to television, Ed Baumgarten was officially appointed the head of Regal, but Lippert had overall control. Regal Pictures filmed its movies with CinemaScope lenses, but due to 20th Century-Fox insisting that only its \"A\" films would be labelled CinemaScope, Regal's product used the term \"Regalscope\" in its films' credits. Beginning with \"Stagecoach to Fury\" (1956), Regal produced 25 pictures in its first year. Maury Dexter, who worked at Regal, later recalled the outfit's productions were all shot at independent sound stages because they could not afford to shoot at 20th Century Fox, due to the high cost of rental and overhead they charged. The films were entirely financed and released by Fox, but Regal was independent. Dexter says \"the only stipulation production-wise was that we had to give Bausch and Lomb screen credit on each film for CinemaScope camera lenses, as well as being charged back to Fox, $3,000 of each budget. Impressed by the unit's profits, Fox extended Regal's contract by a further 16 films with an \"exploitation angle\" that would be approved by Fox. In November 1957 Regal announced they would make ten films in three months.", "In 1941, Laurel and Hardy signed a contract at 20th Century Fox to make ten films over five years. During the war years, their work became more standardised and less successful, though The Bullfighters and Jitterbugs did receive some praise. In 1947, Laurel returned to England when he and Hardy went on a six-week tour of the United Kingdom, and the duo were mobbed wherever they went. Laurel's homecoming to Ulverston took place in May, and the duo were greeted by thousands of fans outside the Coronation Hall. The Evening Mail noted: \"Oliver Hardy remarked to our reporter that Stan had talked about Ulverston for the past 22 years and he thought he had to see it.\" The tour included a Royal Command Performance for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in London. The success of the tour led them to spend the next seven years touring the UK and Europe. Around this time, Stan found out that he had diabetes, so he encouraged Ollie to find solo projects and he did, taking parts in John Wayne and Bing Crosby films. In 1950, Laurel and Hardy were invited to France to make a feature film. The film was a disaster, a Franco-Italian co-production titled Atoll K. (The film was entitled Utopia in the US and Robinson Crusoeland in the UK.) Both stars were noticeably ill during the filming. Upon returning to the United States, they spent most of their time recovering. In 1952, Laurel and Hardy toured Europe successfully, and they returned in 1953 for another tour of the continent. During this tour, Laurel fell ill and was unable to perform for several weeks. In May 1954, Hardy had a heart attack and cancelled the tour. In 1955, they were planning to do a television series called Laurel and Hardy's Fabulous Fables based on children's stories.", "The next step came in 1927 when the \"All-Star Comedy\" series gave Finlayson equal billing with up-and-coming co-stars Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy, comedian Edna Marion, and others; some studio publicity even referred to Finlayson, Hardy and Laurel as a \"famous comedy trio\". But Roach staff producer and future multi-Oscared director Leo McCarey recognized the great potential of a Laurel-and-Hardy pairing and began developing their characters and expanding their roles toward that end; by the autumn of 1928, \"Laurel and Hardy\" was a formal studio series with its own production prefixes while the \"All-Star Comedy\" series \u2013 and Finlayson's equal co-billing \u2013 were things of the past. Nonetheless, he was still \"considered by many to be an indispensable part of the Laurel & Hardy team.\" Altogether, Finlayson played roles in 33 Laurel and Hardy films, usually as a villain or an antagonist, in such films \"Big Business\" (1929) and \"Way Out West\" (1937). Beside that, He starred alongside Stan Laurel in 19 films and opposite Oliver Hardy in five films before Laurel and Hardy were teamed together, appeared in dozens of Roach Studio films, with Charley Chase, Glenn Tryon, Snub Pollard, and Ben Turpin,and in several \"Our Gang\" shorts, including \"Mush and Milk\", in which he and Spanky McFarland match wits in a comically adversarial phone conversation. English actress Stephanie Insall and Finlayson regularly took breakfast together. However, on the morning of 9 October 1953, Finlayson did not turn up at the usual time. Knowing that he had been ill from flu recently, Insall went to his home where she discovered his body. Finlayson had died of a heart attack.", "Duck Soup (1927 film) Duck Soup is a silent comedy short film starring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy prior to their official billing as the duo Laurel and Hardy. The team appeared in a total of 107 films between 1921 and 1951. Fleeing a group of forest rangers, who are rounding up tramps to serve as firefighters, Laurel and Hardy take refuge in a mansion. The owner has gone on vacation and the servants are away, so Hardy pretends to be the owner and offers to rent the house to an English couple. Hardy gets Laurel to pose as the maid. Unfortunately, the owner returns and tells the would-be renters that he owns the house. Laurel and Hardy then flee again and are caught by the rangers and forced to fight wildfires. \"Duck Soup\" was considered a lost film for nearly fifty years, until a print was discovered in 1974. It was previously thought by film scholars that the comedians barely shared any scenes, if any, but in fact they appear as a team throughout the entire picture, albeit rather primitively, dressed in tramp costuming, with Hardy sporting an unshaven chin and top hat. In the next few films, Laurel and Hardy were together as separate performers and not working as a double act, before their potential as a team was used again, notably in \"Do Detectives Think?\" (1927), another Hal Roach two-reeler. The film was directed by Fred Guiol. However, the more important contribution was by the films' supervising director, Leo McCarey, who probably more than anyone else at Roach saw the greatest possibilities for Laurel and Hardy as a comedy team. McCarey later used the same title for the classic Marx Brothers film, \"Duck Soup\", which he directed for Paramount Pictures in 1933. The sketch on which the film was based was written by Stan Laurel's father, Arthur J. Jefferson."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how was Stan Laurel involved with 20th Century Fox?", "answer": {"text": "Laurel and Hardy signed a contract at 20th Century Fox to make ten films over five years.", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what year did they sign?", "answer": {"text": "In 1941,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the first film they made?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ac5af3e4c84d06bf63af92edcaaa81_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Kurt Vonnugut born?", "rewrite": "Where was Kurt Vonnugut born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\" With hopes for serious reform just having been extinguished in Hungary, this declaration was not received well by the Hungarians. Tensions quickly mounted in Hungary with demonstrations and calls for not only the withdrawal of Soviet troops, but for a Hungarian withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact as well. By October 23 Soviet forces landed in Budapest. A chaotic and bloody squashing of revolutionary forces lasted from the October 24 until November 7. Although order was restored, tensions remained on both sides of the conflict. Hungarians resented the end of the reformation, and the Soviets wanted to avoid a similar crisis from occurring again anywhere in the socialist camp. When the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 ended, the Soviets adopted the mindset that governments supporting both Communism and capitalism must coexist, and more importantly, build relations. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union called for a peaceful coexistence, where the war between the United States and Soviet Union would come to a close. This ideal, further stressed that all people are equal, and own the right to solve the problems of their own countries themselves. The idea was that in order for both states to peacefully coexist, neither country can exercise the right to get involved in each other's internal affairs. The Soviets did not want the Americans getting into their business, as the Americans did not want the Soviets in theirs. While this idea was brought up following the events of Hungary, they were not put into effect for a great deal of time. This is further explained in the Renouncement section. Notions of reform had been slowly growing in Czechoslovakia since the early-mid 1960s. However, once the Stalinist President Anton\u00edn Novotn\u00fd resigned as head of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in January 1968, the Prague Spring began to take shape. Alexander Dub\u010dek replaced Novotn\u00fd as head of the party, initially thought a friend to the Soviet Union. It was not long before Dub\u010dek began making serious liberal reforms.", "Matej Ninoslav Matej Ninoslav (died 1250) was the Ban of Bosnia in the period of 1232\u201350. Most of Bosnia was under the Kingdom of Hungary from 1235 to 1241. Ninoslav was also a Prince of Split in 1242\u20131244 during the local civil war. Ninoslav established control of most of Bosnia after the Hungarian withdrawal. Ninoslav continually defended Bosnia during the Bosnian Crusade that persecuted its heretic population. He was succeeded by his cousin, Ban Prijezda, in 1254. Before his rule, early in his life, Ninoslav was an opposer of the Bogumils, a faithful Hungarian supporter and a pious Catholic Christian. Entering his rule, Matej Ninoslav forcibly replaced his predecessor, Stjepan Kulini\u0107 with the help of the adherents of the Bogumil Bosnian Church, which caused good relations with Serbia to sour. During his rule, Ninoslav served as a faithful Hungarian vassal, but was greatly underestimated during his reign. The Prenestine Bishop James, serving as the Pope's legate, finished a business in Hungary and came to Bosnia to influence Matej Ninoslav to give a statement that he will remain a Catholic, even though his ancestors were Bogomil heretics. The Roman Pope wrote a letter to Matej Ninoslav thus on 10 October 1233, guaranteeing his integrity and putting him under his protectorate: \"Hugging you with true love, your person and your land of Bosnia. We accept under the protection of Saint Peter and Us with all the lands, that you rightfully hold, and We stand by you through the protection of this letter, as long as you remain in Catholic religion...\"", "Francesco Antonio Xaverio Grue Francesco Antonio Xaverio Grue (1686\u20131746) was an Italian potter and painter. Grue was born in Castelli, Abruzzo, into a family of maiolica potters and painters. His grandfather was Francesco Grue and his father was Carlo Antonio, who was also a potter. In Naples, Grue produced many ceramic works, especially plates decorated with landscapes or putti in the center, and tendril or festoon borders. Wares were also often signed and dated. In 1736 he returned to his hometown and continued to work until his death in 1746. Initially sent to the Seminary of Penne, Abruzzo to become a priest, but uninterested in liturgy , he became interested in literature. He left to study medicine in Teramo, civil law in Naples, and canon law in Rome. Despite all this training, he gravitated to the arts, and studied in Penne with Giovanni Lavalle. After a stint in Urbino, he developed a focus on decorating ceramics. His depicted genre or Bamboccianti themes. Grue headed a tax revolt that broke out in Castelli, Abruzzo in 1716 against the Marchese Francesco Paolo Mendoza when he imposed a tax on the clay used to make majolica. He was jailed for a number of years in Naples, but emerged, and is responsible for painting some of the ceramics at pharmacy of the Ospedale degli Incurabili, Naples. The ceramics depicted the illnesses treated by the contents of the ceramic jars.", "The two agreed that a likely consequence of the annexation was that Bulgaria, which was \"de facto\" independent since 1878, would declare its formal independence from the Ottoman Empire. Austria-Hungary would offer no territorial concessions to Serbia or Montenegro, but if they supported the annexation then Austria-Hungary would not oppose Serbian expansion in the Balkans, and would support the Russian demand to revise Article 29 of the Treaty of Berlin which restricted Montenegrin sovereignty. The parties agreed that \"these changes could receive sanction after negotiation with the Porte and the Powers\", but \"there would be no more talk of Bosnia-Herzegovina.\" Annexation would probably take place at the beginning of October. The original of Aehrenthal's account has not been found and so historians have had to make do with an undated office copy of the document. On 30 September, Austria-Hungary informed Izvolsky, who was in Paris at the time, that the annexation would take place on 7 October. On 4 October, Izvolsky prepared a report at the request of the British Ambassador to France, Francis Bertie. Izvolsky stated that his position was that annexation was a matter to be settled between the signatories to the Treaty of Berlin. With the compensation of Austro-Hungarian withdrawal from the Sanjak of Novi Pazar, Russia would not consider the annexation as reason to go to war, but Russia and other governments would insist on changes to the Treaty favorable to themselves, including opening the Straits (Russia's interest), Bulgarian independence, territorial concessions to Serbia, and abolition of restrictions on Montenegrin sovereignty under article 29. Bertie told British Foreign Minister Grey that he felt Izvolsky was not being completely honest about the context whereby these understandings had come to be reached through his \"diplomacy.\"", "Shintai-shi\" (New form poetry) or \"Jiyu-shi\" (Freestyle poetry) emerged at this time. They still relied on a traditional pattern of 5\u20137 syllable patterns, but were strongly influenced by the forms and motifs of Western poetry. Later, in the Taish\u014d period (1912 to 1926), some poets began to write their poetry in a much looser metric. In contrast with this development, \"kanshi\" slowly went out of fashion and was seldom written. As a result, Japanese men of letters lost the traditional background of Chinese literary knowledge. Originally the word \"shi\" meant poetry, especially Chinese poetry, but today it means mainly modern-style poetry in Japanese. \" Shi\" is also known as \"kindai-shi\" (modern poetry). Since World War II, poets and critics have used the name \"gendai-shi\" (contemporary poetry). This includes the poets Kusano Shinpei, Tanikawa Shuntar\u014d and Ishigaki Rin. As for the traditional styles such as \"waka\" and \"haiku,\" the early modern era was also a time of renovation. Yosano Tekkan and later Masaoka Shiki revived those forms. The words \"haiku\" and \"tanka\" were both coined by Shiki. They laid the basis for development of this poetry in the modern world. They introduced new motifs, rejected some old authorities in this field, recovered forgotten classics, and published magazines to express their opinions and lead their disciples. This magazine-based activity by leading poets is a major feature of Japanese poetry even today. Some poets, including Yosano Akiko, Ishikawa Takuboku , Hagiwara Sakutar\u014d wrote in many styles: they used both traditional forms like waka and haiku and \"new style\" forms."], "answer": {"text": "Indianapolis, Indiana.", "answer_start": 51}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_08ac5af3e4c84d06bf63af92edcaaa81_1_q#1", "question": "Who were his parents", "rewrite": "Who were Kurt Vonnegut's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kurt Vonnegut Jr. was born on November 11, 1922 in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was the youngest of three children of Kurt Vonnegut Sr. and his wife Edith (nee Lieber). His older siblings were Bernard (born 1914) and Alice (born 1917). Vonnegut was descended from German immigrants who settled in the United States in the mid-19th century; his patrilineal great-grandfather, Clemens Vonnegut of Westphalia, Germany, settled in Indianapolis and founded the Vonnegut Hardware Company. Kurt's father, and his father before him, Bernard, were architects; the architecture firm under Kurt Sr. designed such buildings as Das Deutsche Haus (now called \"The Athenaeum\"), the Indiana headquarters of the Bell Telephone Company, and the Fletcher Trust Building. Vonnegut's mother was born into Indianapolis high society, as her family, the Liebers, were among the wealthiest in the city, their fortune derived from ownership of a successful brewery. Although both of Vonnegut's parents were fluent German speakers, the ill feeling toward that country during and after World War I caused the Vonneguts to abandon that culture to show their American patriotism. Thus, they did not teach their youngest son German or introduce him to German literature and tradition, leaving him feeling \"ignorant and rootless.\" Vonnegut later credited Ida Young, his family's African-American cook and housekeeper for the first 10 years of his life, for raising him and giving him values. \"[She] gave me decent moral instruction and was exceedingly nice to me. So she was as great an influence on me as anybody.\" Vonnegut described Young as \"humane and wise\", adding that \"the compassionate, forgiving aspects of [his] beliefs\" came from her.", "Vonnegut &amp; Bohn  Vonnegut & Bohn was an architectural firm in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States. Founded in 1888 by Bernard Vonnegut Sr., FAIA (1855\u20131908) and Arthur Bohn (b. 1861), all the partners were German Americans and were trained in both American and German architectural academies, which gave their works a distinct German influence. The firm was responsible for many public, institutional, commercial, religious and residential buildings throughout Indiana, particularly in Indianapolis. Bernard Vonnegut died in 1908. In 1910, Vonnegut's son, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. (1884\u20131957), returned from studying in Germany and became a principal in the firm. Later, Mueller joined as a partner and the firm was renamed Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller Architects. Arthur Bohn retired in the 1940s. In 1946, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. merged the firm with George Caleb Wright (b. April 25, 1889) of Pierre & Wright and Ralph Oscar Yeager (b. August 16, 1892) of Miller & Yeager (of Terre Haute, Indiana) forming Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, which was located at 1126 Hume Mansur Building, Indianapolis, Indiana and 402 Opera House Building, Terre Haute, Indiana. Kurt Vonnegut Sr. was the father of author Kurt Vonnegut Jr., and is referred to, with the rest of the author's family, in many of his books.", "Bernard Vonnegut Bernard Vonnegut (August 29, 1914 \u2013 April 25, 1997) was an American atmospheric scientist credited with discovering that silver iodide could be used effectively in cloud seeding to produce snow and rain. He was the older brother of American novelist Kurt Vonnegut. Vonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana to architect Kurt Vonnegut Sr (November 24, 1884 \u2013 October 1, 1957), a partner in the firm of Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, and homemaker Edith Sophia Lieber (d. May 14, 1944). He was named after his grandfather, architect Bernard Vonnegut Sr, co-founder of the firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. He attended Park School in Indianapolis and earned a B.S. in chemistry (1936) and Ph.D. in physical chemistry (1939) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1945, Vonnegut started work at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York. It was there, on November 14, 1946, that he discovered that silver iodide could be used as a nucleating agent to seed clouds. Seeding clouds involves inserting large quantities of a nucleating agent into clouds to facilitate the formation of ice crystals. The intent of this process is to cause the clouds to produce rain or snow. Rain- and snow-making companies still use silver iodide as a nucleating agent in seeding clouds. Vonnegut left General Electric in 1952, taking a job at Arthur D. Little, Inc. In 1967, Vonnegut became a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University at Albany, The State University of New York. He was named a professor emeritus upon his retirement in 1985. In the course of his career Vonnegut accumulated 28 patents.", "Kurt Vonnegut Sr. Kurt Vonnegut Sr. (November 24, 1884 \u2013 October 1, 1957) was an American architect and architectural lecturer active in early- to mid-twentieth-century Indianapolis, Indiana. A member of the American Institute of Architects, he was partner in the firms of Vonnegut & Bohn, Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller, and Vonnegut, Wright, and Yeager. He designed several churches, banks, and became the inhouse architect for Indiana Bell and Hooks Drug stores (prior to World War II), practicing extensively in the Art Deco style. He was the father of chemist Bernard Vonnegut and author Kurt Vonnegut Jr.  Kurt Vonnegut was born November 24, 1884 in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of Nannie Schnull Vonnegut (d. 1929), daughter of Henry Schnull, and Bernard Vonnegut I (1855\u20131908), an architect and partner in the well-established firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. Vonnegut attended grammar school from 1890 to 1898 (Indianapolis Public School No. 10) and Shortridge High School. He attended the American College in Strasbourg for three years from around 1902 and earned a Bachelor of Science in architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1908. Afterward, he continued his studies in Berlin, traveling \"with his widowed mother and his sister, Irma\" (later Irma Vonnegut Lindener), returning in 1910 to join his father's surviving partner, Arthur Bohn. Vonnegut joined as a partner in Vonnegut & Bohn, and while there he joined the University Club and taught lettering at the Herron Art Institute from 1912-1913 and architectural history from 1913 to 1915, and headed the Art Association of Indianapolis' Art School Committee from 1915-1927.", "He designed the original logo for the Indianapolis Children's Museum. The firm did little during the Great Depression and eventually the firm was renamed Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller Architects with the addition of another partner. In 1946, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. was the sole partner and merged with the firms Pierre & Wright (of Indianapolis, Indiana) and Miller & Yeager (of Terre Haute, Indiana) to form Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, which was located at 1126 Hume Mansur Building, Indianapolis, and 402 Opera House Building, Terre Haute. On Nov. 22, 1913, Vonnegut married Edith Sophia Lieber (d. May 14, 1944), the daughter of millionaire Indianapolis brewer Albert Lieber and Alice Barus, who had died of pneumonia when Edith was six. Shortly thereafter, Albert Lieber married Ora D. Lane, and later Meda Langtry, a widow near the same age as Edith. Kurt and Edith Vonnegut had had three children: Bernard Vonnegut (1914\u20131997), Alice Vonnegut (1917\u20131958); and Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922\u20132007). Through Lieber's father, a trust fund from Lieber's grandfather (Peter Lieber), an inheritance from Vonnegut's mother, and Vonnegut's architectural practice, the family was upper-middle class, although during the Great Depression the Leiber brewery went bankrupt and Vonnegut & Bohn produced next to nothing. Around this time, Vonnegut designed and built a large brick residence for his family located at 4401 N. Illinois Street in Indianapolis. The home was heavily mortgaged and was eventually sold during the Depression. A smaller house was designed and built in the suburban development of Williams Creek, Indiana in 1941. Its basement featured a small shop with a kiln for ceramics."], "answer": {"text": "He was the youngest of three children of Kurt Vonnegut Sr. and his wife Edith", "answer_start": 74}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Vonnugut born?", "answer": {"text": "Indianapolis, Indiana.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ac5af3e4c84d06bf63af92edcaaa81_1_q#2", "question": "Where did he go to school", "rewrite": "Where did Kurt Vonnegut go to school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vonnegut &amp; Bohn  Vonnegut & Bohn was an architectural firm in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States. Founded in 1888 by Bernard Vonnegut Sr., FAIA (1855\u20131908) and Arthur Bohn (b. 1861), all the partners were German Americans and were trained in both American and German architectural academies, which gave their works a distinct German influence. The firm was responsible for many public, institutional, commercial, religious and residential buildings throughout Indiana, particularly in Indianapolis. Bernard Vonnegut died in 1908. In 1910, Vonnegut's son, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. (1884\u20131957), returned from studying in Germany and became a principal in the firm. Later, Mueller joined as a partner and the firm was renamed Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller Architects. Arthur Bohn retired in the 1940s. In 1946, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. merged the firm with George Caleb Wright (b. April 25, 1889) of Pierre & Wright and Ralph Oscar Yeager (b. August 16, 1892) of Miller & Yeager (of Terre Haute, Indiana) forming Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, which was located at 1126 Hume Mansur Building, Indianapolis, Indiana and 402 Opera House Building, Terre Haute, Indiana. Kurt Vonnegut Sr. was the father of author Kurt Vonnegut Jr., and is referred to, with the rest of the author's family, in many of his books.", "Kurt Vonnegut Sr. Kurt Vonnegut Sr. (November 24, 1884 \u2013 October 1, 1957) was an American architect and architectural lecturer active in early- to mid-twentieth-century Indianapolis, Indiana. A member of the American Institute of Architects, he was partner in the firms of Vonnegut & Bohn, Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller, and Vonnegut, Wright, and Yeager. He designed several churches, banks, and became the inhouse architect for Indiana Bell and Hooks Drug stores (prior to World War II), practicing extensively in the Art Deco style. He was the father of chemist Bernard Vonnegut and author Kurt Vonnegut Jr.  Kurt Vonnegut was born November 24, 1884 in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of Nannie Schnull Vonnegut (d. 1929), daughter of Henry Schnull, and Bernard Vonnegut I (1855\u20131908), an architect and partner in the well-established firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. Vonnegut attended grammar school from 1890 to 1898 (Indianapolis Public School No. 10) and Shortridge High School. He attended the American College in Strasbourg for three years from around 1902 and earned a Bachelor of Science in architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1908. Afterward, he continued his studies in Berlin, traveling \"with his widowed mother and his sister, Irma\" (later Irma Vonnegut Lindener), returning in 1910 to join his father's surviving partner, Arthur Bohn. Vonnegut joined as a partner in Vonnegut & Bohn, and while there he joined the University Club and taught lettering at the Herron Art Institute from 1912-1913 and architectural history from 1913 to 1915, and headed the Art Association of Indianapolis' Art School Committee from 1915-1927.", "Clemens Vonnegut Clemens Vonnegut Sr. (November 20, 1824 \u2013 December 13, 1906) was a German emigrant to the United States and successful businessman. He was the patriarch of the prominent German-American Vonnegut clan (later Schnull-Vonnegut) of Indiana \u2013 he was the father and grandfather of architects Bernard Vonnegut I and Kurt Vonnegut Sr., respectively, and great-grandfather of scientist Bernard Vonnegut and author Kurt Vonnegut Jr.  Vonnegut was born in M\u00fcnster, Westphalia, to a tax collector father who was an official for the Duke of Westphalia. He was educated in Hanover to the equivalent of a bachelor's degree, speaking French and German fluently and having familiarity with Latin and Greek. He was raised Roman Catholic but rejected organized religion, claiming at one point to be an atheist and later a freethinker. Instead of continuing his university education to Ph.D. level, he decided to work as a salesman for a textile firm in Amsterdam. In 1848, at the age of 24, he emigrated to the United States, and arrived in Indianapolis in 1850. Another source states that he arrived in New York City in the summer of 1851. In Indiana he formed Vollmer & Vonnegut retail hardware and sundry merchandise store with a German immigrant named Charles Vollmer (who left for the Wild West in 1852). After 1852, the firm was renamed Vonnegut Hardware Company, and remained under his family's control after his death. He married Katarina Blank in 1852 and moved to a modest house on West Market Street, Indianapolis. He had four sons: Clemens Jr., Franklin, Bernard, and George. He was the sometime chairman and chief administrative officer of the Board of School Commissioners of the City of Indianapolis. A city school was named for him. \"", "He designed the original logo for the Indianapolis Children's Museum. The firm did little during the Great Depression and eventually the firm was renamed Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller Architects with the addition of another partner. In 1946, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. was the sole partner and merged with the firms Pierre & Wright (of Indianapolis, Indiana) and Miller & Yeager (of Terre Haute, Indiana) to form Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, which was located at 1126 Hume Mansur Building, Indianapolis, and 402 Opera House Building, Terre Haute. On Nov. 22, 1913, Vonnegut married Edith Sophia Lieber (d. May 14, 1944), the daughter of millionaire Indianapolis brewer Albert Lieber and Alice Barus, who had died of pneumonia when Edith was six. Shortly thereafter, Albert Lieber married Ora D. Lane, and later Meda Langtry, a widow near the same age as Edith. Kurt and Edith Vonnegut had had three children: Bernard Vonnegut (1914\u20131997), Alice Vonnegut (1917\u20131958); and Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922\u20132007). Through Lieber's father, a trust fund from Lieber's grandfather (Peter Lieber), an inheritance from Vonnegut's mother, and Vonnegut's architectural practice, the family was upper-middle class, although during the Great Depression the Leiber brewery went bankrupt and Vonnegut & Bohn produced next to nothing. Around this time, Vonnegut designed and built a large brick residence for his family located at 4401 N. Illinois Street in Indianapolis. The home was heavily mortgaged and was eventually sold during the Depression. A smaller house was designed and built in the suburban development of Williams Creek, Indiana in 1941. Its basement featured a small shop with a kiln for ceramics.", "Bernard Vonnegut Bernard Vonnegut (August 29, 1914 \u2013 April 25, 1997) was an American atmospheric scientist credited with discovering that silver iodide could be used effectively in cloud seeding to produce snow and rain. He was the older brother of American novelist Kurt Vonnegut. Vonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana to architect Kurt Vonnegut Sr (November 24, 1884 \u2013 October 1, 1957), a partner in the firm of Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, and homemaker Edith Sophia Lieber (d. May 14, 1944). He was named after his grandfather, architect Bernard Vonnegut Sr, co-founder of the firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. He attended Park School in Indianapolis and earned a B.S. in chemistry (1936) and Ph.D. in physical chemistry (1939) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1945, Vonnegut started work at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York. It was there, on November 14, 1946, that he discovered that silver iodide could be used as a nucleating agent to seed clouds. Seeding clouds involves inserting large quantities of a nucleating agent into clouds to facilitate the formation of ice crystals. The intent of this process is to cause the clouds to produce rain or snow. Rain- and snow-making companies still use silver iodide as a nucleating agent in seeding clouds. Vonnegut left General Electric in 1952, taking a job at Arthur D. Little, Inc. In 1967, Vonnegut became a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University at Albany, The State University of New York. He was named a professor emeritus upon his retirement in 1985. In the course of his career Vonnegut accumulated 28 patents."], "answer": {"text": "Vonnegut was placed in a public school, called Public School No. 43,", "answer_start": 447}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Vonnugut born?", "answer": {"text": "Indianapolis, Indiana.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "He was the youngest of three children of Kurt Vonnegut Sr. and his wife Edith", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ac5af3e4c84d06bf63af92edcaaa81_1_q#3", "question": "Did he go to college", "rewrite": "Did Kurt Vonnegut go to college?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kurt Vonnegut Sr. Kurt Vonnegut Sr. (November 24, 1884 \u2013 October 1, 1957) was an American architect and architectural lecturer active in early- to mid-twentieth-century Indianapolis, Indiana. A member of the American Institute of Architects, he was partner in the firms of Vonnegut & Bohn, Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller, and Vonnegut, Wright, and Yeager. He designed several churches, banks, and became the inhouse architect for Indiana Bell and Hooks Drug stores (prior to World War II), practicing extensively in the Art Deco style. He was the father of chemist Bernard Vonnegut and author Kurt Vonnegut Jr.  Kurt Vonnegut was born November 24, 1884 in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of Nannie Schnull Vonnegut (d. 1929), daughter of Henry Schnull, and Bernard Vonnegut I (1855\u20131908), an architect and partner in the well-established firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. Vonnegut attended grammar school from 1890 to 1898 (Indianapolis Public School No. 10) and Shortridge High School. He attended the American College in Strasbourg for three years from around 1902 and earned a Bachelor of Science in architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1908. Afterward, he continued his studies in Berlin, traveling \"with his widowed mother and his sister, Irma\" (later Irma Vonnegut Lindener), returning in 1910 to join his father's surviving partner, Arthur Bohn. Vonnegut joined as a partner in Vonnegut & Bohn, and while there he joined the University Club and taught lettering at the Herron Art Institute from 1912-1913 and architectural history from 1913 to 1915, and headed the Art Association of Indianapolis' Art School Committee from 1915-1927.", "Bernard Vonnegut Bernard Vonnegut (August 29, 1914 \u2013 April 25, 1997) was an American atmospheric scientist credited with discovering that silver iodide could be used effectively in cloud seeding to produce snow and rain. He was the older brother of American novelist Kurt Vonnegut. Vonnegut was born in Indianapolis, Indiana to architect Kurt Vonnegut Sr (November 24, 1884 \u2013 October 1, 1957), a partner in the firm of Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, and homemaker Edith Sophia Lieber (d. May 14, 1944). He was named after his grandfather, architect Bernard Vonnegut Sr, co-founder of the firm of Vonnegut & Bohn. He attended Park School in Indianapolis and earned a B.S. in chemistry (1936) and Ph.D. in physical chemistry (1939) from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1945, Vonnegut started work at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York. It was there, on November 14, 1946, that he discovered that silver iodide could be used as a nucleating agent to seed clouds. Seeding clouds involves inserting large quantities of a nucleating agent into clouds to facilitate the formation of ice crystals. The intent of this process is to cause the clouds to produce rain or snow. Rain- and snow-making companies still use silver iodide as a nucleating agent in seeding clouds. Vonnegut left General Electric in 1952, taking a job at Arthur D. Little, Inc. In 1967, Vonnegut became a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University at Albany, The State University of New York. He was named a professor emeritus upon his retirement in 1985. In the course of his career Vonnegut accumulated 28 patents.", "After publication of his memoir \"Returning\", which began as an article in The New York \"Times\" Magazine, Wakefield began giving workshops on spiritual autobiography, based on the course he took at King's Chapel, originated by The Rev. Carl Scovel. Wakefield has led these workshops at churches, monasteries, synagogues, retreat centers, health spas, adult education centers and at Sing Sing prison, throughout the U.S. and in Northern Ireland and Mexico. \"The Story of Your Life: Writing an Autobiography\" grew out of the workshops. His other books in this area include \"Expect a Miracle\" (1995) and \"The Hi-Jacking of Jesus\" (2010.) He edited and wrote the Introduction of the letters of his friend (and fellow Shortridge High School graduate) Kurt Vonnegut (\"Kurt Vonnegut Letters\") as well as a collection of Vonnegut's graduation speeches and other related pieces (\"If This Isn\u2019t Nice What Is?. . .\") In 2016 Open Road Media brought out all his five novels as well as his memoir \"New York in the Fifties\" as ebooks. During college Wakefield became an atheist, and did not return to church until 1980 when he went to a Christmas Eve service at King's Chapel, a Christian church in the Unitarian-Universalist denomination in Boston. Wakefield returned to Indianapolis to speak on a panel discussion of the work of Kurt Vonnegut at the Vonnegut Library and Museum in November, 2011. A month later he moved back to Indianapolis to live, thus contradicting Vonnegut's prediction in his review of \"Going All The Way\" in \"Life\" magazine: \u201cHaving written this book, Dan Wakefield will never be able to go back to Indianapolis. He will have to watch the 500 mile race on television.\u201d", "Vonnegut &amp; Bohn  Vonnegut & Bohn was an architectural firm in Indianapolis, Indiana in the United States. Founded in 1888 by Bernard Vonnegut Sr., FAIA (1855\u20131908) and Arthur Bohn (b. 1861), all the partners were German Americans and were trained in both American and German architectural academies, which gave their works a distinct German influence. The firm was responsible for many public, institutional, commercial, religious and residential buildings throughout Indiana, particularly in Indianapolis. Bernard Vonnegut died in 1908. In 1910, Vonnegut's son, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. (1884\u20131957), returned from studying in Germany and became a principal in the firm. Later, Mueller joined as a partner and the firm was renamed Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller Architects. Arthur Bohn retired in the 1940s. In 1946, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. merged the firm with George Caleb Wright (b. April 25, 1889) of Pierre & Wright and Ralph Oscar Yeager (b. August 16, 1892) of Miller & Yeager (of Terre Haute, Indiana) forming Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, which was located at 1126 Hume Mansur Building, Indianapolis, Indiana and 402 Opera House Building, Terre Haute, Indiana. Kurt Vonnegut Sr. was the father of author Kurt Vonnegut Jr., and is referred to, with the rest of the author's family, in many of his books.", "He designed the original logo for the Indianapolis Children's Museum. The firm did little during the Great Depression and eventually the firm was renamed Vonnegut, Bohn & Mueller Architects with the addition of another partner. In 1946, Kurt Vonnegut Sr. was the sole partner and merged with the firms Pierre & Wright (of Indianapolis, Indiana) and Miller & Yeager (of Terre Haute, Indiana) to form Vonnegut, Wright & Yeager, which was located at 1126 Hume Mansur Building, Indianapolis, and 402 Opera House Building, Terre Haute. On Nov. 22, 1913, Vonnegut married Edith Sophia Lieber (d. May 14, 1944), the daughter of millionaire Indianapolis brewer Albert Lieber and Alice Barus, who had died of pneumonia when Edith was six. Shortly thereafter, Albert Lieber married Ora D. Lane, and later Meda Langtry, a widow near the same age as Edith. Kurt and Edith Vonnegut had had three children: Bernard Vonnegut (1914\u20131997), Alice Vonnegut (1917\u20131958); and Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (1922\u20132007). Through Lieber's father, a trust fund from Lieber's grandfather (Peter Lieber), an inheritance from Vonnegut's mother, and Vonnegut's architectural practice, the family was upper-middle class, although during the Great Depression the Leiber brewery went bankrupt and Vonnegut & Bohn produced next to nothing. Around this time, Vonnegut designed and built a large brick residence for his family located at 4401 N. Illinois Street in Indianapolis. The home was heavily mortgaged and was eventually sold during the Depression. A smaller house was designed and built in the suburban development of Williams Creek, Indiana in 1941. Its basement featured a small shop with a kiln for ceramics."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Kurt Vonnugut born?", "answer": {"text": "Indianapolis, Indiana.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "He was the youngest of three children of Kurt Vonnegut Sr. and his wife Edith", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school", "answer": {"text": "Vonnegut was placed in a public school, called Public School No. 43,", "answer_start": 447, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_541f7e481e9b458a80ab8ea6348a5118_0_q#0", "question": "What was Marat Safin's first injury?", "rewrite": "What was Marat Safin's first injury?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marat Safin career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Russian former professional tennis player Marat Safin. At the 1998 French Open, Safin shook the tennis world by defeating defending champion Gustavo Kuerten in the second round in 5 sets, becoming one of the only players to take out the defending champion in their first Grand Slam appearance. He was named ATP Newcomer of the Year by the end of the season. The following year he reached the finals of Paris Masters on his first attempt, losing in the final to reigning world No. 1 Andre Agassi. He set several records in 2000, including some that still stands today. In August, Safin defeated qualifier Harel Levy to win his first Masters Series title at the 2000 Canada Masters, becoming one of the few players in the Open Era to win a Masters tournament on their first attempt. In September, Safin defeated 4-time champion and 4th seed Pete Sampras in the final in straight sets to win his first Grand Slam title at the 2000 US Open. By winning the US Open at the age of 20 years and 228 days, Safin became the 3rd youngest winner in the history of the tournament at the time and the first, and to date, the only Russian to win the title in men's singles. He also became the youngest Russian to win a Grand Slam. After winning his second Masters title of the year at the Paris Masters in November, Marat Safin became the youngest player in the Open Era at the time to reach the World No. 1 ranking at the age of 20 years and 299 days, a record since broken by Lleyton Hewitt in 2001. Safin's total number of titles (7) and finals (9) was the most on the 2000 ATP Tour, and he is also named ATP Most Improved Player.", "2004 Australian Open The 2004 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 19 January to 1 February, 2004. Andre Agassi was unsuccessful in defending his 2003 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by Marat Safin. This ended a 26-match winning streak for Agassi at the Australian Open, having previously won in 2000, 2001 and 2003, missing 2002 through injury. Roger Federer won his first Australian Open title, defeating Safin in the final. Serena Williams was unable to defend her 2003 title after withdrawing from the tournament due to a left knee injury. Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated compatriot and rival Kim Clijsters in the final to win her only Australian Open title. Roger Federer defeated Marat Safin, 7\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20132   Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Kim Clijsters, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Fabrice Santoro defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 7\u20136, 6\u20133 Virginia Ruano / Paola Su\u00e1rez defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova / Elena Likhovtseva, 6\u20134, 6\u20133   Elena Bovina / Nenad Zimonji\u0107 defeated Martina Navratilova / Leander Paes, 6\u20131, 7\u20136 Ga\u00ebl Monfils defeated Josselin Ouanna, 6\u20130, 6\u20133 Shahar Pe'er defeated Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 6\u20131, 6\u20134   Scott Oudsema / Brendan Evans defeated David Gali\u0107 / David Jeflea, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Chan Yung-jan / Sun Shengnan defeated Veronika Chvojkov\u00e1 / Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 7\u20135, 6\u20133", "2005 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Fourth-seeded Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2005 Australian Open. It was Safin's second and last Grand Slam title, having also won the 2000 U.S. Open. Hewitt became the first Australian player to reach the final since Pat Cash in the 1988. Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin despite holding a match point in the 4th set. This ended Federer's 26-match winning streak in ATP tournaments starting from 2004 US Open. The final attracted many viewers in Australia, averaging 4.05 million viewers. The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian viewing history. The match was broadcast in the host nation by host broadcaster the Seven Network with commentators Bruce McAvaney and two-time champion Jim Courier (in his first time). This tournament was the first Grand Slam in which future world No. 1 Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw (lost to Safin in the first round), and the last Australian Open where Andre Agassi competed in the main draw. It was also the last Grand Slam in which neither Federer, Djokovic nor Rafael Nadal made the final until the 2014 US Open, a span of 38 events.", "2000 Majorca Open The 2000 Majorca Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It took place at the Club de Tenis Valencia in Majorca from 1 May through 8 May 2000. The 32-player strong singles field featured ATP No. 3, Australian Open runner-up and London finalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 1998 Australian Open winner and former world no. 1 Marcelo R\u00edos and Casablanca titlist Fernando Vicente. Also competing were Barcelona champion Marat Safin, Estoril winner and two-time Grand Slam finalist Carlos Moy\u00e1, Mariano Puerta and Francisco Clavet. Marat Safin won the singles title. Marat Safin defeated Mikael Tillstr\u00f6m 6\u20134, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Diego Nargiso defeated Alberto Mart\u00edn / Fernando Vicente 7\u20136, 7\u20136", "2005 Australian Open The 2005 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 until 30 January 2005. Roger Federer was unsuccessful in defending his 2004 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champion Marat Safin in a rematch of the 2004 final. Safin defeated third-seed Lleyton Hewitt in the final in four sets. Justine Henin-Hardenne could not defend her 2004 title due to an injury suffered in the second half of 2004. Serena Williams, the champion in 2003, defeated Lindsay Davenport in the women's final. Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 Serena Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20130 Wayne Black / Kevin Ullyett defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 6\u20134, 6\u20134   Svetlana Kuznetsova / Alicia Molik defeated Lindsay Davenport / Corina Morariu, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 Samantha Stosur / Scott Draper defeated Liezel Huber / Kevin Ullyett, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, [10\u20136] Donald Young defeated Kim Sun-yong, 6\u20132, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka defeated \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20132, 6\u20132   Kim Sun-yong / Yi Chu-huan defeated Thiemo de Bakker / Donald Young, 6\u20133, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka / Marina Erakovic defeated Nikola Fra\u0148kov\u00e1 / \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20130,"], "answer": {"text": "wrist injury.", "answer_start": 129}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_541f7e481e9b458a80ab8ea6348a5118_0_q#1", "question": "What was the biggest injury he received?", "rewrite": "What was the biggest injury Marat Safin received?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marat Safin career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Russian former professional tennis player Marat Safin. At the 1998 French Open, Safin shook the tennis world by defeating defending champion Gustavo Kuerten in the second round in 5 sets, becoming one of the only players to take out the defending champion in their first Grand Slam appearance. He was named ATP Newcomer of the Year by the end of the season. The following year he reached the finals of Paris Masters on his first attempt, losing in the final to reigning world No. 1 Andre Agassi. He set several records in 2000, including some that still stands today. In August, Safin defeated qualifier Harel Levy to win his first Masters Series title at the 2000 Canada Masters, becoming one of the few players in the Open Era to win a Masters tournament on their first attempt. In September, Safin defeated 4-time champion and 4th seed Pete Sampras in the final in straight sets to win his first Grand Slam title at the 2000 US Open. By winning the US Open at the age of 20 years and 228 days, Safin became the 3rd youngest winner in the history of the tournament at the time and the first, and to date, the only Russian to win the title in men's singles. He also became the youngest Russian to win a Grand Slam. After winning his second Masters title of the year at the Paris Masters in November, Marat Safin became the youngest player in the Open Era at the time to reach the World No. 1 ranking at the age of 20 years and 299 days, a record since broken by Lleyton Hewitt in 2001. Safin's total number of titles (7) and finals (9) was the most on the 2000 ATP Tour, and he is also named ATP Most Improved Player.", "2005 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Fourth-seeded Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2005 Australian Open. It was Safin's second and last Grand Slam title, having also won the 2000 U.S. Open. Hewitt became the first Australian player to reach the final since Pat Cash in the 1988. Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin despite holding a match point in the 4th set. This ended Federer's 26-match winning streak in ATP tournaments starting from 2004 US Open. The final attracted many viewers in Australia, averaging 4.05 million viewers. The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian viewing history. The match was broadcast in the host nation by host broadcaster the Seven Network with commentators Bruce McAvaney and two-time champion Jim Courier (in his first time). This tournament was the first Grand Slam in which future world No. 1 Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw (lost to Safin in the first round), and the last Australian Open where Andre Agassi competed in the main draw. It was also the last Grand Slam in which neither Federer, Djokovic nor Rafael Nadal made the final until the 2014 US Open, a span of 38 events.", "2004 Australian Open The 2004 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 19 January to 1 February, 2004. Andre Agassi was unsuccessful in defending his 2003 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by Marat Safin. This ended a 26-match winning streak for Agassi at the Australian Open, having previously won in 2000, 2001 and 2003, missing 2002 through injury. Roger Federer won his first Australian Open title, defeating Safin in the final. Serena Williams was unable to defend her 2003 title after withdrawing from the tournament due to a left knee injury. Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated compatriot and rival Kim Clijsters in the final to win her only Australian Open title. Roger Federer defeated Marat Safin, 7\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20132   Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Kim Clijsters, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Fabrice Santoro defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 7\u20136, 6\u20133 Virginia Ruano / Paola Su\u00e1rez defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova / Elena Likhovtseva, 6\u20134, 6\u20133   Elena Bovina / Nenad Zimonji\u0107 defeated Martina Navratilova / Leander Paes, 6\u20131, 7\u20136 Ga\u00ebl Monfils defeated Josselin Ouanna, 6\u20130, 6\u20133 Shahar Pe'er defeated Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 6\u20131, 6\u20134   Scott Oudsema / Brendan Evans defeated David Gali\u0107 / David Jeflea, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Chan Yung-jan / Sun Shengnan defeated Veronika Chvojkov\u00e1 / Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 7\u20135, 6\u20133", "2005 Australian Open The 2005 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 until 30 January 2005. Roger Federer was unsuccessful in defending his 2004 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champion Marat Safin in a rematch of the 2004 final. Safin defeated third-seed Lleyton Hewitt in the final in four sets. Justine Henin-Hardenne could not defend her 2004 title due to an injury suffered in the second half of 2004. Serena Williams, the champion in 2003, defeated Lindsay Davenport in the women's final. Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 Serena Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20130 Wayne Black / Kevin Ullyett defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 6\u20134, 6\u20134   Svetlana Kuznetsova / Alicia Molik defeated Lindsay Davenport / Corina Morariu, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 Samantha Stosur / Scott Draper defeated Liezel Huber / Kevin Ullyett, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, [10\u20136] Donald Young defeated Kim Sun-yong, 6\u20132, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka defeated \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20132, 6\u20132   Kim Sun-yong / Yi Chu-huan defeated Thiemo de Bakker / Donald Young, 6\u20133, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka / Marina Erakovic defeated Nikola Fra\u0148kov\u00e1 / \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20130,", "2000 Majorca Open The 2000 Majorca Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It took place at the Club de Tenis Valencia in Majorca from 1 May through 8 May 2000. The 32-player strong singles field featured ATP No. 3, Australian Open runner-up and London finalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 1998 Australian Open winner and former world no. 1 Marcelo R\u00edos and Casablanca titlist Fernando Vicente. Also competing were Barcelona champion Marat Safin, Estoril winner and two-time Grand Slam finalist Carlos Moy\u00e1, Mariano Puerta and Francisco Clavet. Marat Safin won the singles title. Marat Safin defeated Mikael Tillstr\u00f6m 6\u20134, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Diego Nargiso defeated Alberto Mart\u00edn / Fernando Vicente 7\u20136, 7\u20136"], "answer": {"text": "Safin suffered a knee injury,", "answer_start": 178}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marat Safin's first injury?", "answer": {"text": "wrist injury.", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_541f7e481e9b458a80ab8ea6348a5118_0_q#2", "question": "How did his injuries affect him?", "rewrite": "How did Marat Safin's injuries affect him?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2000 Majorca Open The 2000 Majorca Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It took place at the Club de Tenis Valencia in Majorca from 1 May through 8 May 2000. The 32-player strong singles field featured ATP No. 3, Australian Open runner-up and London finalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 1998 Australian Open winner and former world no. 1 Marcelo R\u00edos and Casablanca titlist Fernando Vicente. Also competing were Barcelona champion Marat Safin, Estoril winner and two-time Grand Slam finalist Carlos Moy\u00e1, Mariano Puerta and Francisco Clavet. Marat Safin won the singles title. Marat Safin defeated Mikael Tillstr\u00f6m 6\u20134, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Diego Nargiso defeated Alberto Mart\u00edn / Fernando Vicente 7\u20136, 7\u20136", "Marat Safin career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Russian former professional tennis player Marat Safin. At the 1998 French Open, Safin shook the tennis world by defeating defending champion Gustavo Kuerten in the second round in 5 sets, becoming one of the only players to take out the defending champion in their first Grand Slam appearance. He was named ATP Newcomer of the Year by the end of the season. The following year he reached the finals of Paris Masters on his first attempt, losing in the final to reigning world No. 1 Andre Agassi. He set several records in 2000, including some that still stands today. In August, Safin defeated qualifier Harel Levy to win his first Masters Series title at the 2000 Canada Masters, becoming one of the few players in the Open Era to win a Masters tournament on their first attempt. In September, Safin defeated 4-time champion and 4th seed Pete Sampras in the final in straight sets to win his first Grand Slam title at the 2000 US Open. By winning the US Open at the age of 20 years and 228 days, Safin became the 3rd youngest winner in the history of the tournament at the time and the first, and to date, the only Russian to win the title in men's singles. He also became the youngest Russian to win a Grand Slam. After winning his second Masters title of the year at the Paris Masters in November, Marat Safin became the youngest player in the Open Era at the time to reach the World No. 1 ranking at the age of 20 years and 299 days, a record since broken by Lleyton Hewitt in 2001. Safin's total number of titles (7) and finals (9) was the most on the 2000 ATP Tour, and he is also named ATP Most Improved Player.", "2005 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Fourth-seeded Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2005 Australian Open. It was Safin's second and last Grand Slam title, having also won the 2000 U.S. Open. Hewitt became the first Australian player to reach the final since Pat Cash in the 1988. Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin despite holding a match point in the 4th set. This ended Federer's 26-match winning streak in ATP tournaments starting from 2004 US Open. The final attracted many viewers in Australia, averaging 4.05 million viewers. The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian viewing history. The match was broadcast in the host nation by host broadcaster the Seven Network with commentators Bruce McAvaney and two-time champion Jim Courier (in his first time). This tournament was the first Grand Slam in which future world No. 1 Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw (lost to Safin in the first round), and the last Australian Open where Andre Agassi competed in the main draw. It was also the last Grand Slam in which neither Federer, Djokovic nor Rafael Nadal made the final until the 2014 US Open, a span of 38 events.", "2004 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Second-seeded Roger Federer defeated Marat Safin, 7\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2004 Australian Open. This victory allowed Federer to enter the World no. 1 ranking the following week for the first time in his career, and he would hold that ranking for a record 237 consecutive weeks, until 17 August 2008. Safin also defeated No. 1 seed Andy Roddick in the quarterfinal. This was the only time in Roddick's career where he was seeded No. 1 at a Grand Slam tournament. Andre Agassi was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin. This ended his streak of 26 match wins at the Australian Open (he did not play in 2002). In the first round, 13 seeded players lost in the first round of the 2004 Australian Open, the most seeds losing in the first round since the 32-seed draw was adopted at the 2001 Wimbledon Championships.", "2004 Australian Open The 2004 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 19 January to 1 February, 2004. Andre Agassi was unsuccessful in defending his 2003 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by Marat Safin. This ended a 26-match winning streak for Agassi at the Australian Open, having previously won in 2000, 2001 and 2003, missing 2002 through injury. Roger Federer won his first Australian Open title, defeating Safin in the final. Serena Williams was unable to defend her 2003 title after withdrawing from the tournament due to a left knee injury. Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated compatriot and rival Kim Clijsters in the final to win her only Australian Open title. Roger Federer defeated Marat Safin, 7\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20132   Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Kim Clijsters, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Fabrice Santoro defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 7\u20136, 6\u20133 Virginia Ruano / Paola Su\u00e1rez defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova / Elena Likhovtseva, 6\u20134, 6\u20133   Elena Bovina / Nenad Zimonji\u0107 defeated Martina Navratilova / Leander Paes, 6\u20131, 7\u20136 Ga\u00ebl Monfils defeated Josselin Ouanna, 6\u20130, 6\u20133 Shahar Pe'er defeated Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 6\u20131, 6\u20134   Scott Oudsema / Brendan Evans defeated David Gali\u0107 / David Jeflea, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Chan Yung-jan / Sun Shengnan defeated Veronika Chvojkov\u00e1 / Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 7\u20135, 6\u20133"], "answer": {"text": "Despite the injury, Safin still posted 7 wins against top ten players in 2006,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marat Safin's first injury?", "answer": {"text": "wrist injury.", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the biggest injury he received?", "answer": {"text": "Safin suffered a knee injury,", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_541f7e481e9b458a80ab8ea6348a5118_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Marat Safin's injuries?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2005 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Fourth-seeded Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2005 Australian Open. It was Safin's second and last Grand Slam title, having also won the 2000 U.S. Open. Hewitt became the first Australian player to reach the final since Pat Cash in the 1988. Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin despite holding a match point in the 4th set. This ended Federer's 26-match winning streak in ATP tournaments starting from 2004 US Open. The final attracted many viewers in Australia, averaging 4.05 million viewers. The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian viewing history. The match was broadcast in the host nation by host broadcaster the Seven Network with commentators Bruce McAvaney and two-time champion Jim Courier (in his first time). This tournament was the first Grand Slam in which future world No. 1 Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw (lost to Safin in the first round), and the last Australian Open where Andre Agassi competed in the main draw. It was also the last Grand Slam in which neither Federer, Djokovic nor Rafael Nadal made the final until the 2014 US Open, a span of 38 events.", "2000 Majorca Open The 2000 Majorca Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It took place at the Club de Tenis Valencia in Majorca from 1 May through 8 May 2000. The 32-player strong singles field featured ATP No. 3, Australian Open runner-up and London finalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 1998 Australian Open winner and former world no. 1 Marcelo R\u00edos and Casablanca titlist Fernando Vicente. Also competing were Barcelona champion Marat Safin, Estoril winner and two-time Grand Slam finalist Carlos Moy\u00e1, Mariano Puerta and Francisco Clavet. Marat Safin won the singles title. Marat Safin defeated Mikael Tillstr\u00f6m 6\u20134, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Diego Nargiso defeated Alberto Mart\u00edn / Fernando Vicente 7\u20136, 7\u20136", "Marat Safin career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Russian former professional tennis player Marat Safin. At the 1998 French Open, Safin shook the tennis world by defeating defending champion Gustavo Kuerten in the second round in 5 sets, becoming one of the only players to take out the defending champion in their first Grand Slam appearance. He was named ATP Newcomer of the Year by the end of the season. The following year he reached the finals of Paris Masters on his first attempt, losing in the final to reigning world No. 1 Andre Agassi. He set several records in 2000, including some that still stands today. In August, Safin defeated qualifier Harel Levy to win his first Masters Series title at the 2000 Canada Masters, becoming one of the few players in the Open Era to win a Masters tournament on their first attempt. In September, Safin defeated 4-time champion and 4th seed Pete Sampras in the final in straight sets to win his first Grand Slam title at the 2000 US Open. By winning the US Open at the age of 20 years and 228 days, Safin became the 3rd youngest winner in the history of the tournament at the time and the first, and to date, the only Russian to win the title in men's singles. He also became the youngest Russian to win a Grand Slam. After winning his second Masters title of the year at the Paris Masters in November, Marat Safin became the youngest player in the Open Era at the time to reach the World No. 1 ranking at the age of 20 years and 299 days, a record since broken by Lleyton Hewitt in 2001. Safin's total number of titles (7) and finals (9) was the most on the 2000 ATP Tour, and he is also named ATP Most Improved Player.", "2004 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Second-seeded Roger Federer defeated Marat Safin, 7\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20132 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2004 Australian Open. This victory allowed Federer to enter the World no. 1 ranking the following week for the first time in his career, and he would hold that ranking for a record 237 consecutive weeks, until 17 August 2008. Safin also defeated No. 1 seed Andy Roddick in the quarterfinal. This was the only time in Roddick's career where he was seeded No. 1 at a Grand Slam tournament. Andre Agassi was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin. This ended his streak of 26 match wins at the Australian Open (he did not play in 2002). In the first round, 13 seeded players lost in the first round of the 2004 Australian Open, the most seeds losing in the first round since the 32-seed draw was adopted at the 2001 Wimbledon Championships.", "2005 Australian Open The 2005 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 until 30 January 2005. Roger Federer was unsuccessful in defending his 2004 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champion Marat Safin in a rematch of the 2004 final. Safin defeated third-seed Lleyton Hewitt in the final in four sets. Justine Henin-Hardenne could not defend her 2004 title due to an injury suffered in the second half of 2004. Serena Williams, the champion in 2003, defeated Lindsay Davenport in the women's final. Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 Serena Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20130 Wayne Black / Kevin Ullyett defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 6\u20134, 6\u20134   Svetlana Kuznetsova / Alicia Molik defeated Lindsay Davenport / Corina Morariu, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 Samantha Stosur / Scott Draper defeated Liezel Huber / Kevin Ullyett, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, [10\u20136] Donald Young defeated Kim Sun-yong, 6\u20132, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka defeated \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20132, 6\u20132   Kim Sun-yong / Yi Chu-huan defeated Thiemo de Bakker / Donald Young, 6\u20133, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka / Marina Erakovic defeated Nikola Fra\u0148kov\u00e1 / \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20130,"], "answer": {"text": "Injuries continued to bother Safin in 2006.", "answer_start": 844}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marat Safin's first injury?", "answer": {"text": "wrist injury.", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the biggest injury he received?", "answer": {"text": "Safin suffered a knee injury,", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his injuries affect him?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the injury, Safin still posted 7 wins against top ten players in 2006,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_541f7e481e9b458a80ab8ea6348a5118_0_q#4", "question": "Did they prevent him from playing?", "rewrite": "Did injuries prevent Marat Safin from playing?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2005 Australian Open The 2005 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 until 30 January 2005. Roger Federer was unsuccessful in defending his 2004 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champion Marat Safin in a rematch of the 2004 final. Safin defeated third-seed Lleyton Hewitt in the final in four sets. Justine Henin-Hardenne could not defend her 2004 title due to an injury suffered in the second half of 2004. Serena Williams, the champion in 2003, defeated Lindsay Davenport in the women's final. Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 Serena Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20130 Wayne Black / Kevin Ullyett defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 6\u20134, 6\u20134   Svetlana Kuznetsova / Alicia Molik defeated Lindsay Davenport / Corina Morariu, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 Samantha Stosur / Scott Draper defeated Liezel Huber / Kevin Ullyett, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, [10\u20136] Donald Young defeated Kim Sun-yong, 6\u20132, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka defeated \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20132, 6\u20132   Kim Sun-yong / Yi Chu-huan defeated Thiemo de Bakker / Donald Young, 6\u20133, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka / Marina Erakovic defeated Nikola Fra\u0148kov\u00e1 / \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20130,", "2005 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Fourth-seeded Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2005 Australian Open. It was Safin's second and last Grand Slam title, having also won the 2000 U.S. Open. Hewitt became the first Australian player to reach the final since Pat Cash in the 1988. Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin despite holding a match point in the 4th set. This ended Federer's 26-match winning streak in ATP tournaments starting from 2004 US Open. The final attracted many viewers in Australia, averaging 4.05 million viewers. The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian viewing history. The match was broadcast in the host nation by host broadcaster the Seven Network with commentators Bruce McAvaney and two-time champion Jim Courier (in his first time). This tournament was the first Grand Slam in which future world No. 1 Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw (lost to Safin in the first round), and the last Australian Open where Andre Agassi competed in the main draw. It was also the last Grand Slam in which neither Federer, Djokovic nor Rafael Nadal made the final until the 2014 US Open, a span of 38 events.", "2000 Majorca Open The 2000 Majorca Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It took place at the Club de Tenis Valencia in Majorca from 1 May through 8 May 2000. The 32-player strong singles field featured ATP No. 3, Australian Open runner-up and London finalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 1998 Australian Open winner and former world no. 1 Marcelo R\u00edos and Casablanca titlist Fernando Vicente. Also competing were Barcelona champion Marat Safin, Estoril winner and two-time Grand Slam finalist Carlos Moy\u00e1, Mariano Puerta and Francisco Clavet. Marat Safin won the singles title. Marat Safin defeated Mikael Tillstr\u00f6m 6\u20134, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Diego Nargiso defeated Alberto Mart\u00edn / Fernando Vicente 7\u20136, 7\u20136", "In addition, Santoro won what was, at the time, the longest singles match in the open era: at the 2004 French Open, he beat fellow Frenchman Arnaud Cl\u00e9ment in a 6-hour 33 minute first-round match (6\u20134, 6\u20133, 6\u20137(5), 3\u20136, 16\u201314). The record stood until John Isner defeated Nicolas Mahut at Wimbledon in 2010, but still remains the French Open record. As a singles tennis player, the 2006 Australian Open was Santoro's only Grand Slam quarterfinal appearance. In singles play, Santoro defeated 18 players who were ranked world no. 1 at some time during their careers: Novak Djokovic, Jimmy Connors, Mats Wilander, Boris Becker, Stefan Edberg, Jim Courier, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Thomas Muster, Marcelo R\u00edos, Gustavo Kuerten, Carlos Moy\u00e1, Pat Rafter, Juan Carlos Ferrero, Marat Safin, Lleyton Hewitt, Andy Roddick, and Roger Federer (against whom he has a 2\u20139 record). Against other former world no. 1 players, Santoro is 0\u20136 against Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 0\u20131 against Ivan Lendl, 0\u20131 against Rafael Nadal, and 0-2 against Andy Murray. Santoro is famous for his winning record against Marat Safin (7\u20132); Safin himself has said, \"Being told I would play Santoro was being told I was to die.\" Santoro won the 2003 and 2004 Australian Opens doubles titles, partnering Micha\u00ebl Llodra, a French compatriot, and was runner-up at the 2002 Australian Open, 2004 French Open and 2006 Wimbledon Championships. He also won the 2005 French Open mixed doubles title with Daniela Hantuchov\u00e1.", "Marat Safin career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Russian former professional tennis player Marat Safin. At the 1998 French Open, Safin shook the tennis world by defeating defending champion Gustavo Kuerten in the second round in 5 sets, becoming one of the only players to take out the defending champion in their first Grand Slam appearance. He was named ATP Newcomer of the Year by the end of the season. The following year he reached the finals of Paris Masters on his first attempt, losing in the final to reigning world No. 1 Andre Agassi. He set several records in 2000, including some that still stands today. In August, Safin defeated qualifier Harel Levy to win his first Masters Series title at the 2000 Canada Masters, becoming one of the few players in the Open Era to win a Masters tournament on their first attempt. In September, Safin defeated 4-time champion and 4th seed Pete Sampras in the final in straight sets to win his first Grand Slam title at the 2000 US Open. By winning the US Open at the age of 20 years and 228 days, Safin became the 3rd youngest winner in the history of the tournament at the time and the first, and to date, the only Russian to win the title in men's singles. He also became the youngest Russian to win a Grand Slam. After winning his second Masters title of the year at the Paris Masters in November, Marat Safin became the youngest player in the Open Era at the time to reach the World No. 1 ranking at the age of 20 years and 299 days, a record since broken by Lleyton Hewitt in 2001. Safin's total number of titles (7) and finals (9) was the most on the 2000 ATP Tour, and he is also named ATP Most Improved Player."], "answer": {"text": "He began to recover in time for the 2006 US Open,", "answer_start": 1055}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marat Safin's first injury?", "answer": {"text": "wrist injury.", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the biggest injury he received?", "answer": {"text": "Safin suffered a knee injury,", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his injuries affect him?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the injury, Safin still posted 7 wins against top ten players in 2006,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Injuries continued to bother Safin in 2006.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_541f7e481e9b458a80ab8ea6348a5118_0_q#5", "question": "Did an injury end his career?", "rewrite": "Did an injury end Marat Safin's career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marat Safin career statistics This is a list of the main career statistics of Russian former professional tennis player Marat Safin. At the 1998 French Open, Safin shook the tennis world by defeating defending champion Gustavo Kuerten in the second round in 5 sets, becoming one of the only players to take out the defending champion in their first Grand Slam appearance. He was named ATP Newcomer of the Year by the end of the season. The following year he reached the finals of Paris Masters on his first attempt, losing in the final to reigning world No. 1 Andre Agassi. He set several records in 2000, including some that still stands today. In August, Safin defeated qualifier Harel Levy to win his first Masters Series title at the 2000 Canada Masters, becoming one of the few players in the Open Era to win a Masters tournament on their first attempt. In September, Safin defeated 4-time champion and 4th seed Pete Sampras in the final in straight sets to win his first Grand Slam title at the 2000 US Open. By winning the US Open at the age of 20 years and 228 days, Safin became the 3rd youngest winner in the history of the tournament at the time and the first, and to date, the only Russian to win the title in men's singles. He also became the youngest Russian to win a Grand Slam. After winning his second Masters title of the year at the Paris Masters in November, Marat Safin became the youngest player in the Open Era at the time to reach the World No. 1 ranking at the age of 20 years and 299 days, a record since broken by Lleyton Hewitt in 2001. Safin's total number of titles (7) and finals (9) was the most on the 2000 ATP Tour, and he is also named ATP Most Improved Player.", "2004 Australian Open The 2004 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 19 January to 1 February, 2004. Andre Agassi was unsuccessful in defending his 2003 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by Marat Safin. This ended a 26-match winning streak for Agassi at the Australian Open, having previously won in 2000, 2001 and 2003, missing 2002 through injury. Roger Federer won his first Australian Open title, defeating Safin in the final. Serena Williams was unable to defend her 2003 title after withdrawing from the tournament due to a left knee injury. Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated compatriot and rival Kim Clijsters in the final to win her only Australian Open title. Roger Federer defeated Marat Safin, 7\u20136, 6\u20134, 6\u20132   Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Kim Clijsters, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Fabrice Santoro defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 7\u20136, 6\u20133 Virginia Ruano / Paola Su\u00e1rez defeated Svetlana Kuznetsova / Elena Likhovtseva, 6\u20134, 6\u20133   Elena Bovina / Nenad Zimonji\u0107 defeated Martina Navratilova / Leander Paes, 6\u20131, 7\u20136 Ga\u00ebl Monfils defeated Josselin Ouanna, 6\u20130, 6\u20133 Shahar Pe'er defeated Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 6\u20131, 6\u20134   Scott Oudsema / Brendan Evans defeated David Gali\u0107 / David Jeflea, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Chan Yung-jan / Sun Shengnan defeated Veronika Chvojkov\u00e1 / Nicole Vaidi\u0161ov\u00e1, 7\u20135, 6\u20133", "2005 Australian Open The 2005 Australian Open was a Grand Slam tennis tournament held in Melbourne, Australia from 17 until 30 January 2005. Roger Federer was unsuccessful in defending his 2004 title, being defeated in the semi-finals by eventual champion Marat Safin in a rematch of the 2004 final. Safin defeated third-seed Lleyton Hewitt in the final in four sets. Justine Henin-Hardenne could not defend her 2004 title due to an injury suffered in the second half of 2004. Serena Williams, the champion in 2003, defeated Lindsay Davenport in the women's final. Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 Serena Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport, 2\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20130 Wayne Black / Kevin Ullyett defeated Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan, 6\u20134, 6\u20134   Svetlana Kuznetsova / Alicia Molik defeated Lindsay Davenport / Corina Morariu, 6\u20133, 6\u20134 Samantha Stosur / Scott Draper defeated Liezel Huber / Kevin Ullyett, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, [10\u20136] Donald Young defeated Kim Sun-yong, 6\u20132, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka defeated \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20132, 6\u20132   Kim Sun-yong / Yi Chu-huan defeated Thiemo de Bakker / Donald Young, 6\u20133, 6\u20134   Victoria Azarenka / Marina Erakovic defeated Nikola Fra\u0148kov\u00e1 / \u00c1gnes Sz\u00e1vay, 6\u20130,", "2000 Majorca Open The 2000 Majorca Open was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts. It was the 6th edition of the Open de Tenis Comunidad Valenciana, and was part of the International Series of the 2000 ATP Tour. It took place at the Club de Tenis Valencia in Majorca from 1 May through 8 May 2000. The 32-player strong singles field featured ATP No. 3, Australian Open runner-up and London finalist Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 1998 Australian Open winner and former world no. 1 Marcelo R\u00edos and Casablanca titlist Fernando Vicente. Also competing were Barcelona champion Marat Safin, Estoril winner and two-time Grand Slam finalist Carlos Moy\u00e1, Mariano Puerta and Francisco Clavet. Marat Safin won the singles title. Marat Safin defeated Mikael Tillstr\u00f6m 6\u20134, 6\u20133 Micha\u00ebl Llodra / Diego Nargiso defeated Alberto Mart\u00edn / Fernando Vicente 7\u20136, 7\u20136", "2005 Australian Open \u2013 Men's Singles  Fourth-seeded Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 1\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20134, 6\u20134 to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 2005 Australian Open. It was Safin's second and last Grand Slam title, having also won the 2000 U.S. Open. Hewitt became the first Australian player to reach the final since Pat Cash in the 1988. Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the semifinals by Marat Safin despite holding a match point in the 4th set. This ended Federer's 26-match winning streak in ATP tournaments starting from 2004 US Open. The final attracted many viewers in Australia, averaging 4.05 million viewers. The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian viewing history. The match was broadcast in the host nation by host broadcaster the Seven Network with commentators Bruce McAvaney and two-time champion Jim Courier (in his first time). This tournament was the first Grand Slam in which future world No. 1 Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw (lost to Safin in the first round), and the last Australian Open where Andre Agassi competed in the main draw. It was also the last Grand Slam in which neither Federer, Djokovic nor Rafael Nadal made the final until the 2014 US Open, a span of 38 events."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Marat Safin's first injury?", "answer": {"text": "wrist injury.", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the biggest injury he received?", "answer": {"text": "Safin suffered a knee injury,", "answer_start": 178, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his injuries affect him?", "answer": {"text": "Despite the injury, Safin still posted 7 wins against top ten players in 2006,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Injuries continued to bother Safin in 2006.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they prevent him from playing?", "answer": {"text": "He began to recover in time for the 2006 US Open,", "answer_start": 1055, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4eed11de02e4c269c58991787b5afaa_0_q#0", "question": "What team did Kevin Garnett play for?", "rewrite": "What team did Kevin Garnett play for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Celtics then beat the Detroit Pistons in six games in the Eastern Conference Finals, winning two road games. For the 11th time in league history, and for the first time since 1987, the Celtics and the Lakers faced off in the NBA Finals. The Celtics won Game One at home 98\u201388, fueled by strong play by Garnett and Pierce's dramatic comeback from a second-half knee injury. They won Game Two 108\u2013102 despite nearly blowing a 24-point lead in the fourth quarter. As the series shifted to Los Angeles, the Lakers stifled Pierce and Garnett in Game Three and won 87\u201381. However, the Celtics would overcome a 24-point deficit in Game 4 to win 97\u201391, making the largest in-game comeback in NBA Finals history. After again blowing a large lead, the Lakers hung on to win Game 5 103\u201398, sending the series back to Boston. In Game 6, the Celtics overpowered the Lakers, winning 131\u201392 and clinching their 17th NBA title. [[Paul Pierce]] was named Finals MVP. With the win Celtics set a record for most games a team had ever played in a postseason with 26. [[File: Kevin Garnett 2008-01-13.jpg|thumb|Kevin Garnett]] The 2008\u201309 Celtics started off the season at 27\u20132, the then-best starting record in NBA history. They also had a franchise record 19-game streak. After the All-Star Break, [[Kevin Garnett]] was injured in a loss against the [[Utah Jazz]] and missed the last 25 games of the season. Garnett was eventually shelved for the playoffs. The 2009 Celtics still finished with 62 victories, but their playoff run would end against the Magic in the second round.", "Danny Ainge to trade franchise star Kevin Garnett (frequently named, at the time, the best active player to have never won an NBA championship) to Boston, in exchange for a draft pick and multiple players. Garnett's agent told the Timberwolves and the Celtics that his client had no interest in playing for Boston. (Although Boston had a legitimate star in Paul Pierce, and some solid young players, the team was coming off a 24-win season, and Garnett was not interested in going from one mediocre team to another.) The potential trade was scuttled, for the time being. However, in late June the Celtics swung a draft-day deal with the Seattle Supersonics to acquire sharpshooter and seven-time All-Star Ray Allen. So in late July 2007, when the Timberwolves and the Celtics once again discussed a deal involving Garnett, the prospect of playing alongside both Pierce and Allen caused Garnett to ease his stance on being dealt to Boston; on July 31 he was sent to the Celtics for five players and two first-round draft picks, and the Celtics instantly became viewed as contenders. The very next season, Garnett would go on to help the Celtics win the NBA championship, was named NBA Defensive Player of the Year, and finished third in the voting for the regular season version of the league's Most Valuable Player award. (Although one of McHale's key acquisitions in the trade - promising power-forward Al Jefferson - would come very close to matching Garnett's statistics from the previous year, and Ryan Gomes (another player acquired in the trade) performed well, the rebuilding team won 10 fewer games its first season without Garnett.) The Timberwolves eventually fired McHale by the end of the 2008\u201309 season.", "On June 25, the Timberwolves selected Karl-Anthony Towns as the number one pick and acquired Tyus Jones through a trade with the Cleveland Cavaliers. The 2015 season also saw the return of Kevin Garnett. In February, Garnett, at the time with the Brooklyn Nets, waived his no-trade clause to enable a trade back to Minnesota which sent Thaddeus Young to Brooklyn. In his first game back, Garnett resumed wearing the No. 21 jersey that had not been worn by any other Timberwolves player since his departure and the team defeated the Washington Wizards 97\u201377 at the Target Center. On June 6, 2014, Saunders was named the head coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves, returning to the franchise for a second stint. During his second stint with the Timberwolves, Saunders was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. As a result, during his recovery, he would delegate his coaching position over to assistant coach and former NBA Coach of the Year winner Sam Mitchell. On October 25, 2015, Saunders died at age 60. Mitchell took over as head coach. In honor of Saunders, the team announced that they would wear a patch reading \"FLIP\" on their uniforms for the duration of the 2015\u201316 season. On April 20, 2016, the Timberwolves agreed to sign Tom Thibodeau to be their head coach and president of basketball operations. He was previously an assistant coach for the team from 1989 to 1991. On September 23, 2016, Kevin Garnett announced his retirement after 21 seasons in the NBA. He expressed interest in playing one more year for the Timberwolves but felt that his knees would be unable to hold up for the duration of the season. The Timberwolves ended their season with a 31\u201351 record, having only a two-game improvement from their previous season.", "Looking to turn the corner, the Wolves hired former Detroit Pistons general manager Jack McCloskey to the same position, but even with notable first-round selections such as Christian Laettner and Isaiah Rider, the Timberwolves were unable to duplicate McCloskey's \"Detroit Bad Boys\" success in the Twin Cities, finishing 19\u201363 and 20\u201362 the next two seasons. One of the few highlights from that era was when the Target Center served as host of the 1994 All-Star Game where Rider won the Slam Dunk Contest with his between-the-leg \"East Bay Funk Dunk\". As winning basketball continued to elude the Wolves, Ratner and Wolfenson nearly sold the team to New Orleans interests in 1994 before NBA owners rejected the proposed move. Eventually, Glen Taylor bought the team and named Kevin McHale general manager. The Wolves finished 21\u201361 in 1994\u201395, and the future looked bleak. In the 1995 NBA draft, the Timberwolves selected high school standout Kevin Garnett in the first round (5th overall), and Flip Saunders was named head coach. Christian Laettner was traded along with Sean Rooks to the Atlanta Hawks for Andrew Lang and Spud Webb. Also, first-round pick Donyell Marshall was traded the previous season for Golden State Warriors' forward Tom Gugliotta. These trades paved the way for rookie Kevin Garnett to become the go-to player inside. Garnett went on to average 10.4 ppg in his rookie season as the Wolves finished in 5th place in the Midwest Division, with a 26\u201356 record. In 1996, the Wolves added another star player in the draft, trading Ray Allen to the Milwaukee Bucks for the rights to Stephon Marbury, the 4th overall pick.", "Ronnie Fields Ronnie Fields (born February 28, 1977) is a retired American professional basketball player. Born and raised in Chicago, Fields played at Farragut Academy in Chicago from 1992\u20131996 and was a teammate of Kevin Garnett during the 1994 season. Fields had a (reported) 50-inch vertical leap. \" ESPN HS\" regards him as the best freshman in the country for the 1992\u201393 season. He was a 3-time Parade All American selection (1994\u201396). He was also the first sophomore to ever play in the \"Best of the Best\" game at the Nike All American camp in 1993, a game that featured future NBA MVP'S Allen Iverson and Kevin Garnett, and High School Player of the Year award winners Ron Mercer and Jerod Ward. After Garnett was drafted in 1995, Fields, in his senior year, led his squad to an 11-1 record in the Chicago Public League with per-game averages of 32.4 points, 12.2 rebounds, 5.1 assists, 4.5 blocks, 4 steals, and 4.5 dunks a game. He became a consensus First Team All American (Parade, USA Today, McDonald's), putting him in the company of future NBA players Mike Bibby, Jermaine O'Neal, Tim Thomas, and Kobe Bryant. Fields broke his neck in a car accident on February 26, 1996, one week before the city playoffs. After undergoing surgery to repair a fractured bone in his neck, he had to wear a protective halo while healing. He left high school as the third all-time leading scorer in Chicago Public League history with 2,619 points. His high school teammates include Willie Farley (94), Kevin Garnett (95) and Michael Wright (98)."], "answer": {"text": "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c4eed11de02e4c269c58991787b5afaa_0_q#1", "question": "Was this large contract a common thing?", "rewrite": "Was a contract as large as $126 million common in the NBA?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The deal was the largest sports contract in history, doubling the total value of Kevin Garnett's $126 million National Basketball Association contract (the previous record holder) and more than doubling Mike Hampton's $121 million contract, the previous MLB record which had been signed just days before. The Rangers later traded Rodriguez to the Yankees in exchange for Alfonso Soriano before the 2004 season, though they agreed to pay $67 million of the $179 million outstanding on the contract. Despite this, he opted out of the remainder of his deal after the 2007 season and renegotiated a new $275 million, 10-year agreement with the Yankees, breaking his own record for the largest sports contract. Under this deal, Rodriguez also receives $6 million each if and when he ties the career home run totals of Willie Mays (660), Babe Ruth (714), Hank Aaron (755), and Barry Bonds (762), along with another $6 million for breaking Bonds' mark. First base was the highest-paid position in 2010; regular starters at that position earned an average salary of $9,504,165 in compared to an overall average of $3,014,572. Pitcher Nolan Ryan was the first player to earn an annual salary above $1 million, signing a $4.5 million, 4-year contract with the Houston Astros in 1979. Kirby Puckett and Rickey Henderson signed the first contracts which paid an average of $3 million a year in November 1989, in 1990 Jose Canseco signed for 5 years and $23.5 million, making him the first player to earn an average of $4 million a year. It was until 2010 when the MLB average salary rose above that same mark. Five of the twenty highest-paid players in 2013 were members of the Yankees.", "In March, 2012, a group fronted by Magic Johnson outbid them. In 1996, Tellem made his mark as an NBA agent by circumventing that year's pro draft to maneuver 18-year-old Kobe Bryant to the Los Angeles Lakers. \"Basically, I kept teams from picking Kobe by not giving their coaches access to him,\" Tellem told Sports Illustrated in 2003. \"I knew teams would be reluctant to take a chance on a high schooler without first talking to him and working him out.\" From 2000 to 2001, he represented 14 of the NBA's first-round draft picks and controlled 13% of the players in the league\u201442, in all. His basketball roster included Bryant, Reggie Miller, Baron Davis, McGrady, O'Neal and Brent Barry. As of the 2006 NBA draft, Tellem's firm had represented the most first-round draft picks of any sports marketing and management company for seven straight years. Tellem and his team repped four lottery selections and six first-round picks overall. At the 2008 draft, they had six lottery picks and seven of the first 15 players selected, including Russell Westbrook, Danilo Gallinari and Derrick Rose, the No. 1 overall pick. Tellem negotiated contracts of four years and $60 million for Ben Wallace; and maximum salary deals of five years and $67.4 million for Joe Johnson; six years and $86.4 million for Gasol; seven years and $126 million for O'Neal; four years and $50 million for Antawn Jamison; five years and $87.8 million for Brandon Roy; five years and $65 million for LaMarcus Aldridge; five years and $60 million for Al Horford; and seven years and $93 million for McGrady.", "Hurricane Hilda Hurricane Hilda was the most intense tropical cyclone of the 1964 Atlantic hurricane season and ravaged areas of the United States Gulf Coast, particularly Louisiana. In addition to its damage inland, the hurricane greatly disrupted offshore oil production, and at its time was the costliest tropical cyclone for Louisiana's offshore oil production. Due in part to flights made by the National Hurricane Research Laboratory, Hilda became one of the most well-documented storms meteorologically in the Atlantic. Lasting for seven days as a tropical cyclone, Hilda caused US$126 million in damage and 38 deaths. Hilda developed over the southern shores of Cuba on September 28 as a tropical depression, tracking westward in an area of favorable conditions and reaching tropical storm intensity the next day. Once situated in the Gulf of Mexico, Hilda strengthened into a hurricane and began a slow trawl northward, rapidly intensifying to its peak intensity with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) on October 1, making it a Category 4 hurricane equivalent. Slight weakening occurred as Hilda made landfall on the southern Louisiana coast on October 3. After reaching land, the hurricane took a sharp turn eastward and rapidly weakened as a result of land interaction and the presence of cool, dry air. The weakened remnants of Hilda merged with a cold front a day after landfall and dissipated on October 5. Originating near Cuba, the cyclone intensified while moving through the Gulf of Mexico, and became a Category 4 hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico before striking Louisiana in early October. In combination with a frontal zone located across the Southeast United States, the hurricane spread heavy rains through the South through the Carolinas into the Mid-Atlantic States. Hilda led to significant damage to oil platforms in the Gulf of Mexico, as well as $126 million (1964 USD) in damage, and 38 deaths.", "When the season ended, O'Neal tried to keep his focus on basketball and considered the possibility of joining another team since he was now a free agent. The San Antonio Spurs, led by two-time NBA Champion Tim Duncan, looked an interesting proposition as perennial All-Star David Robinson had just retired. Much as it was tempting for O'Neal to make the switch, he opted not to uproot his family and signed a seven-year, $126 million contract with the Pacers. Even so, the offseason produced a few surprises for O'Neal when Isiah Thomas was replaced by Rick Carlisle, and Brad Miller left for the Sacramento Kings. Indiana was undergoing rebuilding yet again. Despite all the changes, O'Neal spearheaded the Pacers to a league-best 61\u201321 record in the 2003\u201304 season. He remained a constant double-double threat, averaging 20.1 points and 10.0 rebounds a game in the regular season. He also continued to rack up individual honors, making his third All-Star trip and being named to the All-NBA Second Team. Artest was instrumental to the team's success too as he enjoyed a breakthrough season, netting his first All-Star berth as well as the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. In the playoffs, Indiana gained revenge from the preceding season by sweeping Boston in the first round, before defeating the Miami Heat in the next. That sent them back to the Eastern Conference Finals for the sixth time in 11 years, where they were disposed of by eventual NBA champions Detroit Pistons. In the series-deciding Game 6, O'Neal endured a sprained knee and managed to tally 20 points and 10 rebounds, but Richard Hamilton's inspired play ensured a close victory for the Pistons. The Pacers looked to build on their previous campaign in the 2004\u201305 season, but all their plans came apart in November.", "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million. The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own. The enormous size of Garnett's contract was considered, by numerous sports writers, a major cause of labor tensions between players and owners that led to a lockout which shortened the 1998-99 NBA season. Despite the furor over his new contract, Garnett continued to improve, averaging 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.7 steals per game. Again, he was an All-Star, and the Timberwolves finished with their first winning record in franchise history (45-37 for the season). For the second consecutive year, the young Timberwolves bowed out of the playoffs in the first round, this time losing 3-2 to the Seattle SuperSonics and superstar point guard Gary Payton. The two wins against the Sonics marked the Wolves' first-ever playoff game wins. The off-season started poorly for the Timberwolves though as 20-point per game scorer Tom Gugliotta left for the Phoenix Suns. In the lockout-shortened season that followed, Garnett broke through as a superstar. Putting up stats of 20.8 points, 10.4 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 1.8 blocks per game, he was named to the All-NBA Third Team. However, midway through the season, Stephon Marbury was traded to the New Jersey Nets."], "answer": {"text": "The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own.", "answer_start": 145}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What team did Kevin Garnett play for?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4eed11de02e4c269c58991787b5afaa_0_q#2", "question": "How did he play?", "rewrite": "How did Kevin Garnett play with the Timberwolves?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Minnesota Timberwolves The Minnesota Timberwolves (also commonly known as the Wolves) are an American professional basketball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Timberwolves compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Western Conference Northwest Division. Founded in 1989, the team is owned by Glen Taylor who also owns the WNBA's Minnesota Lynx. The Timberwolves play their home games at Target Center, their home since 1990. Like most expansion teams, the Timberwolves struggled in their early years, but after the acquisition of Kevin Garnett in the 1995 NBA draft, the team qualified for the playoffs in eight consecutive seasons from 1997 to 2004. Despite losing in the first round in their first seven attempts, the Timberwolves won their first division championship in 2004 and advanced to the Western Conference Finals that same season. Garnett was also named the NBA Most Valuable Player for that season. The team then went into rebuilding mode for more than a decade after missing the postseason in 2005, and trading Garnett to the Boston Celtics in 2007. Garnett returned to the Timberwolves in a February 2015 trade and finished his career there, retiring in the 2016 offseason. The Timberwolves ended a 14-year playoff drought when they returned to the postseason in 2018. NBA basketball returned to the Twin Cities in 1989 for the first time since the Minneapolis Lakers departed to Los Angeles in 1960. The NBA had granted one of its four new expansion teams on April 22, 1987 (the others being the Orlando Magic, Charlotte Hornets, and the Miami Heat) to original owners Harvey Ratner and Marv Wolfenson to begin play for the 1989\u201390 season. (There were two American Basketball Association franchises, the Minnesota Muskies, in 1967\u201368, and the Minnesota Pipers, in 1968\u201369.)", "On June 25, the Timberwolves selected Karl-Anthony Towns as the number one pick and acquired Tyus Jones through a trade with the Cleveland Cavaliers. The 2015 season also saw the return of Kevin Garnett. In February, Garnett, at the time with the Brooklyn Nets, waived his no-trade clause to enable a trade back to Minnesota which sent Thaddeus Young to Brooklyn. In his first game back, Garnett resumed wearing the No. 21 jersey that had not been worn by any other Timberwolves player since his departure and the team defeated the Washington Wizards 97\u201377 at the Target Center. On June 6, 2014, Saunders was named the head coach of the Minnesota Timberwolves, returning to the franchise for a second stint. During his second stint with the Timberwolves, Saunders was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. As a result, during his recovery, he would delegate his coaching position over to assistant coach and former NBA Coach of the Year winner Sam Mitchell. On October 25, 2015, Saunders died at age 60. Mitchell took over as head coach. In honor of Saunders, the team announced that they would wear a patch reading \"FLIP\" on their uniforms for the duration of the 2015\u201316 season. On April 20, 2016, the Timberwolves agreed to sign Tom Thibodeau to be their head coach and president of basketball operations. He was previously an assistant coach for the team from 1989 to 1991. On September 23, 2016, Kevin Garnett announced his retirement after 21 seasons in the NBA. He expressed interest in playing one more year for the Timberwolves but felt that his knees would be unable to hold up for the duration of the season. The Timberwolves ended their season with a 31\u201351 record, having only a two-game improvement from their previous season.", "List of career achievements by Kevin Garnett This page details the career achievements of American basketball player Kevin Garnett. Only player in NBA history to reach at least 25,000 points, 10,000 rebounds, 5,000 assists, 1,500 steals and 1,500 blocks in his career Only player in NBA history to average at least 20 points, 10 rebounds and 5 assists per game for 6 consecutive seasons (\u2014) Only player in NBA history to average at least 20 points, 10 rebounds and 4 assists per game for 9 consecutive seasons (\u2014) Most All-Defensive First Team honors won: 9 (tied with Michael Jordan, Gary Payton, and Kobe Bryant) Seasons leading the league in defensive rebounds: 5 (\u2014) Consecutive seasons leading the league in defensive rebounds: 5 (\u2014)  Third player in NBA history to lead his team in all five major statistics (points, rebounds, assists, steals, blocks) in the same season: Minnesota Timberwolves,   Fourth player in NBA history to win Most Valuable Player and Defensive Player of the Year during his career  First player in NBA History to win Conference Player of the Month Award four times in a single season () Defensive rebounds, 5-game series: 66, for Minnesota Timberwolves vs. Denver Nuggets (2004) Defensive rebounds, game: 20, twice <br> 20, for Minnesota Timberwolves vs. Denver Nuggets, <br> 20, for Minnesota Timberwolves vs. Sacramento Kings,   Points, overtime: 9, second overtime (2003) Defensive rebounds, career: 11,453 Defensive rebounds, 5-game series: 66, for Minnesota Timberwolves vs. Denver Nuggets, (2004) Defensive rebounds, 6-game series: 83, for Minnesota Timberwolves vs. Los Angeles Lakers (2003)", "1995\u201396 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 1995\u201396 NBA season was the Timberwolves' 7th season in the National Basketball Association. In the 1995 NBA draft, the Timberwolves selected high school star Kevin Garnett with the fifth pick, and signed free agent Terry Porter while re-signing Sam Mitchell during the offseason. The Timberwolves got off to a bad start losing nine of their first ten games. Head coach Bill Blair was fired after a 6\u201314 start, and was replaced with Flip Saunders. Midway through the season, Christian Laettner and Sean Rooks were traded to the Atlanta Hawks for Andrew Lang and Spud Webb. Despite posting an 8\u20138 record in March, the Timberwolves finished fifth in the Midwest Division with a 26\u201356 record, missing the playoffs for the seventh consecutive season. Following the season, Isaiah Rider, who dealt with off-the-court troubles was traded to the Portland Trail Blazers, Lang signed as a free agent with the Milwaukee Bucks and Webb was released. In Garnett's rookie season, the Timberwolves were in the midst of a transition phase; they replaced Bill Blair with Flip Saunders as head coach early in the season and made several trades. Garnett initially came off the bench in his rookie year, but moved into the starting lineup soon after Saunders became head coach. In his rookie year, Garnett and fellow newcomer Tom Gugliotta carried the scoring load. Garnett did not immediately leap to stardom as later prep-to-pro prospects such as Amar'e Stoudemire, LeBron James, and Dwight Howard would, but he did have a very respectable rookie year. He averaged 10.4 points, 6.3 rebounds and 1.8 assists per game and was voted into the All-Rookie Second Team.", "2015\u201316 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2015\u201316 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 27th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Before the season, the Timberwolves announced that head coach and team president Flip Saunders will not coach the team this season as he continued his battle with cancer. Sam Mitchell was named interim head coach. On October 25, 2015, Saunders died and the Wolves announced that Mitchell as the interim coach for the rest of the season. Around the start of the season, the Timberwolves were the first team in NBA history with four players that were around 20 or younger, between Andrew Wiggins, Zach LaVine, Karl-Anthony Towns, and Tyus Jones to start out a season. It also marked the final season of Kevin Garnett's time in the NBA and his return with the Timberwolves. Garnett previously played for the Wolves from 1995 to 2007 until being traded to the Boston Celtics, where he won a championship with them in 2008. Prior to his second stint with the Wolves, Garnett played two disappointing seasons with the Brooklyn Nets, one of them with fellow Celtics Paul Pierce and Jason Terry. Garnett is believed by many as the greatest Timberwolf of all time. The Timberwolves missed the playoffs for the 12th consecutive season, equalling the second-longest postseason appearance drought in NBA history of the Golden State Warriors between 1994\u201395 and 2005\u201306, only behind the Los Angeles Clippers between 1976\u201377 and 1990\u201391. However, the Timberwolves had their second straight Rookie of the Year winner with #1 pick Karl-Anthony Towns earning the award."], "answer": {"text": "Garnett continued to improve, averaging 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.7 steals per game.", "answer_start": 559}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team did Kevin Garnett play for?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this large contract a common thing?", "answer": {"text": "The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own.", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4eed11de02e4c269c58991787b5afaa_0_q#3", "question": "Did he have any other season highlights at this time?", "rewrite": "Aside from 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks and 1.7 steal per game average, did Garnett have any other season highlights in 1997?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As a senior in 2001\u201302, he averaged 15 points, 9.0 rebounds, 3.7 blocks per game for the Panthers as he earned Most Valuable Player honors, as well as Virginia High School Colonial District Co-Player of the Year, Virginia All-State honorable mention, all-region, all-district and all-metro first-team selection. As both a junior and senior, he helped Hermitage win the Colonial District Championship. In his freshman season at Colorado, Copeland proved to be a valuable contributor off the bench as he often provided CU with clutch points despite limited minutes. In 26 games, he averaged 2.5 points and 1.6 rebounds in 7.7 minutes per game. In his sophomore season, Copeland played in 27 of the Buffs 28 games while averaging 9.2 minutes per game. He scored a season-high 12 points against Iowa State on March 3, 2004, along with five rebounds and four-of-four from the free-throw line. For the season, he averaged 2.9 points and 2.5 rebounds per game. In his junior season, Copeland earned Big 12 All-Improved team honors after more than tripling his points per game average. He scored a career-high 25 points against Richmond on January 4, 2005. In 29 games (15 starts), he averaged 11.7 points, 5.6 rebounds, 1.5 assists and 1.2 blocks in 25.2 minutes per game. In his senior season, Copeland helped CU to a 20-10 overall record and an NIT berth as he played in all 30 games with 28 starts while averaging 24.3 minutes per game. He scored a season-high 22 points against Kansas on January 11, 2006. For the season, he averaged 12.1 points, 5.1 rebounds, 1.6 assists and 1.1 steals per game.", "The official British Basketball League website shows that Moore made 25 appearances for Birmingham Bullets and had a 24.28 Points Per Game Average, a 5.24 Rebounds Per Game Average and a 5.08 Assists Per Game Average. 2004\u20132005 Before the start of the 2004\u201305 season Moore signed for British Basketball League side Chester Jets. The official British Basketball League website shows that Moore made 40 appearances for Chester Jets and had a 22.83 Points Per Game Average, a 4.3 Rebounds Per Game Average and a 5.25 Assists Per Game Average. This was a successful season and Moore picked up a British Basketball League Championship and a runner up medal in the British Basketball League Play-Offs. On a personal level Moore picked up the British Basketball League Most Valuable Player (MVP) award. 2007\u20132008 In the 2007\u201308 season Moore returned to the British Basketball League and to the Chester Jets. He made 13 appearances and had a 19.92 Points Per Game Average, a 5.62 Rebounds Per Game Average and a 3.85 Assists Per Game Average. 2008\u20132009 In the 2008\u201309 season Moore signed for the Newcastle Eagles and made 33 appearances with averages of 19.73 Points Per Game, 5.09 Rebounds Per Game and 4.55 Assists Per Game. In this season Moore picked up a British Basketball League Championship, a British Basketball League Play-Off Winner's medal and a BBL Trophy Winner's medal. On a personal level Moore picked up his second British Basketball League MVP award. He is only the third person to achieve two MVP awards in the British Basketball League. 2009\u20132010 In the 2009\u201310 season Moore signed for Everton Tigers and made 19 appearances with averages of 20 Points Per Game, 3.74 Rebounds Per Game and 4.55 Assists Per Game. Moore won the British Basketball League Play-Offs in this season. 2010\u20132011", "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million. The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own. The enormous size of Garnett's contract was considered, by numerous sports writers, a major cause of labor tensions between players and owners that led to a lockout which shortened the 1998-99 NBA season. Despite the furor over his new contract, Garnett continued to improve, averaging 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.7 steals per game. Again, he was an All-Star, and the Timberwolves finished with their first winning record in franchise history (45-37 for the season). For the second consecutive year, the young Timberwolves bowed out of the playoffs in the first round, this time losing 3-2 to the Seattle SuperSonics and superstar point guard Gary Payton. The two wins against the Sonics marked the Wolves' first-ever playoff game wins. The off-season started poorly for the Timberwolves though as 20-point per game scorer Tom Gugliotta left for the Phoenix Suns. In the lockout-shortened season that followed, Garnett broke through as a superstar. Putting up stats of 20.8 points, 10.4 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 1.8 blocks per game, he was named to the All-NBA Third Team. However, midway through the season, Stephon Marbury was traded to the New Jersey Nets.", "Following the season, Barkley was traded to the Houston Rockets, and Elliot Perry was dealt to the Milwaukee Bucks. The Suns received the 21st pick from a trade with the Los Angeles Lakers in 1994. With the pick they would select future All-Star swingman Michael Finley from Wisconsin. Finley averaged 18.7 points, 5.6 rebounds and 3.2 assists per game in four years with the Badgers. On October 4, the Suns signed Finley to a three-year rookie contract for $2.17 million. In his rookie season, Finley would average 15.0 points, 4.6 rebounds, 3.5 assists and 1.0 steal per game, earning NBA All-Rookie First Team honors. Finley was traded to the Dallas Mavericks midway through his sophomore season for All-Star point guard Jason Kidd. The Suns used their first-round pick to select small forward Mario Bennett from Arizona State. Bennett averaged 15.7 points and 7.8 rebounds per game in three years with the Sun Devils. On October 4, the Suns signed Bennett to a three-year rookie contract for $1.66 million. Bennett underwent knee surgery before the season and remained on the injured reserve until March 1. Bennett would appear in just 19 regular season games, starting in 14 due to injuries, and two playoff games before being waived prior to the 1996\u201397 season. The Suns used their second-round pick to select shooting guard Chris Carr from Southern Illinois. Carr averaged 13.5 points and 5.8 rebounds per game in three years with the Salukis. On October 2, the Suns signed Carr to a one-year rookie contract for $200,000. Carr appeared in 60 regular season games, starting in ten, and three playoff games. Carr would sign as a free agent with the Minnesota Timberwolves after the season. <br> <br> <br>", "During his tenure with the Rockets, he averaged 7.8 points per game, 5.4 rebounds per game, and 1.1 assists per game. During the 1995\u201396 season, he started all 82 games for the Rockets. On August 19, 1996, Brown, along with teammates Mark Bryant, Sam Cassell, and Robert Horry, were traded to the Phoenix Suns for Charles Barkley and a 1999 2nd-round pick. Brown played a total of 10 games with the Suns, averaging 3.4 points per game, 1.6 rebounds per game, and 0.4 assists per game. On December 4, 1996, Brown was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks for Darrin Hancock and a 1997 2nd-round draft pick. He played 60 games for Milwaukee, averaging 2.8 points per game, 2.2 rebounds per game, and 0.4 assists per game. On October 2, 1997, Brown signed with the Atlanta Hawks. He would average 5.0 points per game, 2.4 rebounds per game, and 0.7 assists per game in his 77 games with the team. On January 21, 1999, Brown signed with the Charlotte Hornets. During his stint with Charlotte, he would average the most points per game since the 1995\u201396 season. He averaged 8.5 points per game, 3.6 rebounds per game, and 1.2 assists per game. On October 1, 1999, Brown signed with the San Antonio Spurs. He started 27 of his 30 games with San Antonio, and he averaged 6.3 points per game, 2.6 rebounds per game, and 1.4 assists per game. He would eventually be waived by the Spurs on February 4, 2000. On February 8, 2000, Brown signed with the Charlotte Hornets again."], "answer": {"text": "Again, he was an All-Star, and the Timberwolves finished with their first winning record in franchise history (45-37 for the season).", "answer_start": 676}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What team did Kevin Garnett play for?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this large contract a common thing?", "answer": {"text": "The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own.", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he play?", "answer": {"text": "Garnett continued to improve, averaging 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.7 steals per game.", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c4eed11de02e4c269c58991787b5afaa_0_q#4", "question": "Did he have other successes on the team?", "rewrite": "Aside from being an All-Star and helping the Timberwolves finish with the first winning record in franchise history, did Garnett have other successes on the Timberwolves?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1997\u201398 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 1997\u201398 NBA season was the Timberwolves' 9th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Timberwolves acquired Stanley Roberts from the Los Angeles Clippers, and signed free agent Tom Hammonds. Kevin Garnett and second-year star Stephon Marbury both continued to establish themselves as two of the brightest stars in the NBA, as Garnett averaged 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds per game and was selected for the 1998 NBA All-Star Game. Marbury averaged 17.7 points and 8.6 assists per game. At midseason, the Timberwolves traded Doug West to the Vancouver Grizzlies for Anthony Peeler. Despite losing Tom Gugliotta for the remainder of the season with an ankle injury after 41 games, the Timberwolves won seven of their final eight games posting their first winning record at 45\u201337. Third in the Midwest Division making their second consecutive playoff appearance. In the first round of the playoffs, the Timberwolves took a 2\u20131 series lead over the 2nd-seeded Seattle SuperSonics, but went on to lose the series in five games. Following the season, Terry Porter signed as a free agent with the Miami Heat, Roberts signed with the Houston Rockets , Cherokee Parks signed with the Vancouver Grizzlies, and Michael Williams was released. (2) Seattle SuperSonics vs. (7) Minnesota Timberwolves Last Playoff Meeting : This is the first meeting between the SuperSonics and Timberwolves.", "The addition of Marbury had a positive effect on the entire team, as Garnett and Gugliotta became the first Wolves to be selected to the All-Star team. Gugliotta and Garnett led the Timberwolves in scoring as the team made the playoffs for the first time in franchise history with a record of 40\u201342. However, in the playoffs the Timberwolves made a quick exit as they were swept by the Houston Rockets in three straight games. The T-Wolves also decided to change their image by changing their team logo and color scheme, adding black to the team colors and replacing the original logo with one featuring a snarling wolf looming over a field of trees. It was also during this season that Minnesota began to play on a parquet floor. In 1997, Garnett and Marbury established themselves as two of the brightest rising stars in the NBA. Garnett averaged 18.5 ppg and 9.6 rebounds per game, while Marbury averaged 17.7 ppg and dished out 8.6 assists per game. Despite losing leading scorer Tom Gugliotta for half the season, the Timberwolves went on to post their first winning season at 45\u201337, making the playoffs for the second straight season. After dropping Game 1 of the playoffs on the road to the Seattle SuperSonics, the Timberwolves won their first postseason game in Game 2, winning in Seattle 98\u201393. As the series shifted to Minnesota, the Timberwolves had an opportunity to pull off the upset as they won Game 3 by a score of 98\u201390. However, the Wolves dropped Game 4 at home as the Sonics went on to win the series in five games.", "2015\u201316 Minnesota Timberwolves season The 2015\u201316 Minnesota Timberwolves season was the 27th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Before the season, the Timberwolves announced that head coach and team president Flip Saunders will not coach the team this season as he continued his battle with cancer. Sam Mitchell was named interim head coach. On October 25, 2015, Saunders died and the Wolves announced that Mitchell as the interim coach for the rest of the season. Around the start of the season, the Timberwolves were the first team in NBA history with four players that were around 20 or younger, between Andrew Wiggins, Zach LaVine, Karl-Anthony Towns, and Tyus Jones to start out a season. It also marked the final season of Kevin Garnett's time in the NBA and his return with the Timberwolves. Garnett previously played for the Wolves from 1995 to 2007 until being traded to the Boston Celtics, where he won a championship with them in 2008. Prior to his second stint with the Wolves, Garnett played two disappointing seasons with the Brooklyn Nets, one of them with fellow Celtics Paul Pierce and Jason Terry. Garnett is believed by many as the greatest Timberwolf of all time. The Timberwolves missed the playoffs for the 12th consecutive season, equalling the second-longest postseason appearance drought in NBA history of the Golden State Warriors between 1994\u201395 and 2005\u201306, only behind the Los Angeles Clippers between 1976\u201377 and 1990\u201391. However, the Timberwolves had their second straight Rookie of the Year winner with #1 pick Karl-Anthony Towns earning the award.", "On August 23, 2014, the Timberwolves, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Philadelphia 76ers agreed on a three-way trade that would send Kevin Love to the Cavaliers to join LeBron James and Kyrie Irving. Minnesota received Andrew Wiggins, Anthony Bennett, Thaddeus Young, and a trade exception as part of the deal. The 76ers received Alexey Shved, Luc Mbah a Moute, and a 2015 first-round pick via the Miami Heat. The 2014\u201315 season marked a new era for the Timberwolves, beginning with the Kevin Love trade. Flip Saunders was promoted to head coach, making it his second stint with the Timberwolves after coaching the team from 1995 to 2005. The Timberwolves started the new season with a 105\u2013101 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies, with Wiggins making his debut. The team recorded its first win the following game, a 97\u201391 victory over the Detroit Pistons. On November 12, 2014, the Timberwolves played an international home game at Mexico City Arena against the Houston Rockets. The Timberwolves had a 16\u201366 record for the season and missed the playoffs for the 11th consecutive year. Despite this, Wiggins was selected as the NBA Rookie of the Year, the first player in franchise history to be so honored. Draft pick Zach LaVine gained league notoriety after winning the Slam Dunk Contest. LaVine and Wiggins, dubbed \"The Bounce Brothers\", were seen as being the future of the franchise. Due to having the worst record in the NBA for the 2014\u201315 season, the Timberwolves had the highest chance, at 25%, to receive the first pick in the 2015 NBA draft at the 2015 NBA draft lottery. On May 19, the Timberwolves received the first overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft for the first time in franchise history.", "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million. The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own. The enormous size of Garnett's contract was considered, by numerous sports writers, a major cause of labor tensions between players and owners that led to a lockout which shortened the 1998-99 NBA season. Despite the furor over his new contract, Garnett continued to improve, averaging 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.7 steals per game. Again, he was an All-Star, and the Timberwolves finished with their first winning record in franchise history (45-37 for the season). For the second consecutive year, the young Timberwolves bowed out of the playoffs in the first round, this time losing 3-2 to the Seattle SuperSonics and superstar point guard Gary Payton. The two wins against the Sonics marked the Wolves' first-ever playoff game wins. The off-season started poorly for the Timberwolves though as 20-point per game scorer Tom Gugliotta left for the Phoenix Suns. In the lockout-shortened season that followed, Garnett broke through as a superstar. Putting up stats of 20.8 points, 10.4 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 1.8 blocks per game, he was named to the All-NBA Third Team. However, midway through the season, Stephon Marbury was traded to the New Jersey Nets."], "answer": {"text": "In the lockout-shortened season that followed, Garnett broke through as a superstar. Putting up stats of 20.8 points, 10.4 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 1.8 blocks per game,", "answer_start": 1207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What team did Kevin Garnett play for?", "answer": {"text": "During the 1997-98 NBA season, the Timberwolves and Garnett agreed on a six-year contract extension that was worth an unparalleled $126 million.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this large contract a common thing?", "answer": {"text": "The contract was considered a risky move and many analysts speculated that the deal would make it impossible for the Wolves to sign new players or even keep their own.", "answer_start": 145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he play?", "answer": {"text": "Garnett continued to improve, averaging 18.5 points, 9.6 rebounds, 4.2 assists, 1.8 blocks, and 1.7 steals per game.", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other season highlights at this time?", "answer": {"text": "Again, he was an All-Star, and the Timberwolves finished with their first winning record in franchise history (45-37 for the season).", "answer_start": 676, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92a394d9dd384c979cf07abe323f150c_0_q#0", "question": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "rewrite": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Geoff Downes Geoffrey Downes (born 25 August 1952) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer who gained fame as a member of the new wave group The Buggles with Trevor Horn, the progressive rock band Yes, and the supergroup Asia. Born in Stockport, Downes moved to London to pursue a music career. In 1977, he formed The Buggles with Horn and enjoyed success with their first album \"The Age of Plastic\" (1980) which included the worldwide hit single \"Video Killed the Radio Star\". In May 1980, Downes joined Yes with Horn and recorded \"Drama\" (1980). After Yes disbanded in 1981, Downes helped Trevor Horn to produce a second Buggles album, \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" (1981) although he was only primarily involved for half of it, and co-founded Asia with ex-Yes fellow musician Steve Howe. He left Asia in 1986, rejoined in 1990, and has been a part of the line-up since then; he released several solo albums and produced for several artists, including Mike Oldfield and the Thompson Twins. In 2006, Downes reunited the original Asia line-up and rejoined Yes in 2011; he is currently a member of both groups. Since 1998, he has reunited with Horn on special occasions to perform songs from The Buggles. Downes entered the \"Guinness Book of Records\" for performing with a record 28 keyboards on stage in a single performance. Downes was born at Stepping Hill Hospital in Stockport, Cheshire, the son of musical parents. His father was a church organist and his mother a pianist. He also took up the keyboards and played in a succession of local bands. He attended Stockport Grammar School before studying at Leeds College of Music. After graduating he moved to London, where he played sessions and composed advertising jingles.", "Into the Lens  \"Into the Lens\" is a song written by Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes. It was originally released in 1980 by progressive rock band Yes, of which Horn and Downes were a part, as a part of the album \"Drama\", before being reworked as \"I Am a Camera\" for the 1981 album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" by The Buggles, a duo consisting of Horn and Downes; both versions were released as singles, with the Yes single being re-titled \"Into the Lens (I Am a Camera)\". The Yes version of the song additionally credits Steve Howe, Chris Squire, and Alan White as co-songwriters; all the songs featured on \"Drama\" were credited to the five of them. The first version of the song was a demo, recorded on a Sunday afternoon when songwriters Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes started working on the second Buggles album in 1980. When they joined Yes, it gained input from other members Steve Howe, Chris Squire and Alan White, and therefore, \"Into the Lens\" features a more distinctive \"prog rock\" sound. When Horn and Downes resumed work on the Buggles album which would become \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", the song was reworked as \"I Am a Camera\". Trevor Horn said about the two versions: The song \"I Am a Camera\" was a Buggles track and we had adapted it into a Yes track. It became \"Into the Lens\" and, naturally, slightly more overblown. I don't mind \"Into the Lens\"\u2014the melody's unadulterated while the arrangement's a lot more complicated\u2014but I still prefer The Buggles version. I think Geoffrey's brilliant on the Buggles version.", "Geoff Downes formed The Buggles in 1977 in Wimbledon, South West London with Trevor Horn and Bruce Woolley. The trio had done rough demos of early compositions such as \"Video Killed the Radio Star\", \"Clean, Clean\", and \"On TV\", a track later included on their second album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\". Talking about the formation of the Buggles, Downes said about the demos: The Buggles were signed to Island Records, who gave Horn and Downes recording and publishing contracts, and started recording their upcoming first studio album in the first half of 1979. Although Woolley was originally intended to be the band's lead vocalist, he left the group during the sessions to form his own band, The Camera Club, who also did versions of \"Clean, Clean\" and \"Video\" that appeared on their album \"English Garden\". When \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" was a huge commercial success, they had realized the problem that they had not finished an album's worth of material yet, so they wrote more during the promotion of the single, while in airport lounges, dressing rooms, rehearsal rooms and studios. \"The Age of Plastic\" had a budget of \u00a360,000 (equivalent to \u00a3 in ). Engineer Hugh Padgham recorded the backing tracks at Virgin's Town House in West London, due to Sarm East's very small size and Horn wanting to record real drums. The Buggles went to London\u2019s Wardour Street to gain the attention of two females to appear on the album. The mixing and Horn's vocal recording were later done at Sarm East Studios, and mixing was finished before Christmas 1979 for a new year's release of the album.", "The Buggles discography The Buggles, a duo consisting of bassist Trevor Horn and keyboardist Geoff Downes, have a discography of two studio albums, a compilation album and video live album, a promotional extended play, nine singles, and three music videos. The Buggles also produced three songs, \"Back of My Hand\" by The Jags, \"Monkey Chop\" by Dan-I, and \"Film Star\" by Tom Marshall. The group formed in 1977 in Wimbledon, South West London, and were signed by Island Records to record and publish their debut studio album, \"The Age of Plastic\", which was released in 1980. The album charted in the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, and Japan. The lead single for \"The Age of Plastic\" was \" Video Killed the Radio Star\", released in 1979. The song was a huge commercial success, becoming the 444th number one hit on the UK Singles Chart, spending one week at the top. It was also number 1 on fifteen other international record charts and sold more than five million copies worldwide. It received certifications by the Syndicat National de l'\u00c9dition Phonographique and British Phonographic Industry of platinum and gold respectively. Its music video was the first to air on MTV. Three other singles from \"The Age of Plastic\", \"Living in the Plastic Age\", \"Clean, Clean\" and \"Elstree\", achieved chart success in the UK, Germany and the Netherlands. Music videos were made for \"Living in the Plastic Age\" and \"Elstree\" \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", released in 1981, was the second and last album by The Buggles. Five singles from it were released between 1981 and 1982, \"I Am a Camera\", \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", \"On TV\", \"Lenny\", and \"Beatnik\".", "Recorded in Eden Studios in London, \"English Garden\" was engineered by Richard Goldblatt with assistance from Nick T. Froom. Meanwhile, Woolley had also formed a group with Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes called The Buggles in 1977, recording demos of tracks such as \"Clean, Clean\" and \"Video Killed the Radio Star\". Woolley had left the group to form The Camera Club by the time the Buggles were signed to Island Records in 1979, and the band recorded both songs for \"English Garden\". Many writers called Woolley's recording of \"Video\" much better than the Buggles' version. This included one critic who called both acts overall as of being very high quality, but felt that Woolley's version was more faithful to the source material than that of The Buggles, noting the filtered vocals and cute, female vocals of the latter rendition as giving it a novelty feel. However, he also wrote of liking both versions of \"Clean, Clean\" on the same level. While also categorized by one writer to be a light power pop record in the vein of acts like The Move, as well as a pop rock release by another, \"English Garden\" is a new wave record taking influence of works from David Bowie and Brian Eno, like the majority of artists in the style that existed around the release of the album. However, unlike other new wave releases that only increased their hopelessness of Bowie's and Eno's songs, \"English Garden\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s honest, humorous lyrics, which deal with a male remembering about his currently failing marriage thanks to \"automation and his modern surroundings\" as one journalist analyzed , show that the narrator is struggling, but is optimistic that his relationship will improve. \"English Garden\" garnered mostly rave reviews upon its release. \""], "answer": {"text": "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_92a394d9dd384c979cf07abe323f150c_0_q#1", "question": "what was their second album called?", "rewrite": "What was The Buggles second album called?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Geoff Downes Geoffrey Downes (born 25 August 1952) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer who gained fame as a member of the new wave group The Buggles with Trevor Horn, the progressive rock band Yes, and the supergroup Asia. Born in Stockport, Downes moved to London to pursue a music career. In 1977, he formed The Buggles with Horn and enjoyed success with their first album \"The Age of Plastic\" (1980) which included the worldwide hit single \"Video Killed the Radio Star\". In May 1980, Downes joined Yes with Horn and recorded \"Drama\" (1980). After Yes disbanded in 1981, Downes helped Trevor Horn to produce a second Buggles album, \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" (1981) although he was only primarily involved for half of it, and co-founded Asia with ex-Yes fellow musician Steve Howe. He left Asia in 1986, rejoined in 1990, and has been a part of the line-up since then; he released several solo albums and produced for several artists, including Mike Oldfield and the Thompson Twins. In 2006, Downes reunited the original Asia line-up and rejoined Yes in 2011; he is currently a member of both groups. Since 1998, he has reunited with Horn on special occasions to perform songs from The Buggles. Downes entered the \"Guinness Book of Records\" for performing with a record 28 keyboards on stage in a single performance. Downes was born at Stepping Hill Hospital in Stockport, Cheshire, the son of musical parents. His father was a church organist and his mother a pianist. He also took up the keyboards and played in a succession of local bands. He attended Stockport Grammar School before studying at Leeds College of Music. After graduating he moved to London, where he played sessions and composed advertising jingles.", "Geoff Downes formed The Buggles in 1977 in Wimbledon, South West London with Trevor Horn and Bruce Woolley. The trio had done rough demos of early compositions such as \"Video Killed the Radio Star\", \"Clean, Clean\", and \"On TV\", a track later included on their second album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\". Talking about the formation of the Buggles, Downes said about the demos: The Buggles were signed to Island Records, who gave Horn and Downes recording and publishing contracts, and started recording their upcoming first studio album in the first half of 1979. Although Woolley was originally intended to be the band's lead vocalist, he left the group during the sessions to form his own band, The Camera Club, who also did versions of \"Clean, Clean\" and \"Video\" that appeared on their album \"English Garden\". When \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" was a huge commercial success, they had realized the problem that they had not finished an album's worth of material yet, so they wrote more during the promotion of the single, while in airport lounges, dressing rooms, rehearsal rooms and studios. \"The Age of Plastic\" had a budget of \u00a360,000 (equivalent to \u00a3 in ). Engineer Hugh Padgham recorded the backing tracks at Virgin's Town House in West London, due to Sarm East's very small size and Horn wanting to record real drums. The Buggles went to London\u2019s Wardour Street to gain the attention of two females to appear on the album. The mixing and Horn's vocal recording were later done at Sarm East Studios, and mixing was finished before Christmas 1979 for a new year's release of the album.", "Recorded in Eden Studios in London, \"English Garden\" was engineered by Richard Goldblatt with assistance from Nick T. Froom. Meanwhile, Woolley had also formed a group with Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes called The Buggles in 1977, recording demos of tracks such as \"Clean, Clean\" and \"Video Killed the Radio Star\". Woolley had left the group to form The Camera Club by the time the Buggles were signed to Island Records in 1979, and the band recorded both songs for \"English Garden\". Many writers called Woolley's recording of \"Video\" much better than the Buggles' version. This included one critic who called both acts overall as of being very high quality, but felt that Woolley's version was more faithful to the source material than that of The Buggles, noting the filtered vocals and cute, female vocals of the latter rendition as giving it a novelty feel. However, he also wrote of liking both versions of \"Clean, Clean\" on the same level. While also categorized by one writer to be a light power pop record in the vein of acts like The Move, as well as a pop rock release by another, \"English Garden\" is a new wave record taking influence of works from David Bowie and Brian Eno, like the majority of artists in the style that existed around the release of the album. However, unlike other new wave releases that only increased their hopelessness of Bowie's and Eno's songs, \"English Garden\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s honest, humorous lyrics, which deal with a male remembering about his currently failing marriage thanks to \"automation and his modern surroundings\" as one journalist analyzed , show that the narrator is struggling, but is optimistic that his relationship will improve. \"English Garden\" garnered mostly rave reviews upon its release. \"", "Into the Lens  \"Into the Lens\" is a song written by Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes. It was originally released in 1980 by progressive rock band Yes, of which Horn and Downes were a part, as a part of the album \"Drama\", before being reworked as \"I Am a Camera\" for the 1981 album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" by The Buggles, a duo consisting of Horn and Downes; both versions were released as singles, with the Yes single being re-titled \"Into the Lens (I Am a Camera)\". The Yes version of the song additionally credits Steve Howe, Chris Squire, and Alan White as co-songwriters; all the songs featured on \"Drama\" were credited to the five of them. The first version of the song was a demo, recorded on a Sunday afternoon when songwriters Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes started working on the second Buggles album in 1980. When they joined Yes, it gained input from other members Steve Howe, Chris Squire and Alan White, and therefore, \"Into the Lens\" features a more distinctive \"prog rock\" sound. When Horn and Downes resumed work on the Buggles album which would become \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", the song was reworked as \"I Am a Camera\". Trevor Horn said about the two versions: The song \"I Am a Camera\" was a Buggles track and we had adapted it into a Yes track. It became \"Into the Lens\" and, naturally, slightly more overblown. I don't mind \"Into the Lens\"\u2014the melody's unadulterated while the arrangement's a lot more complicated\u2014but I still prefer The Buggles version. I think Geoffrey's brilliant on the Buggles version.", "The Buggles discography The Buggles, a duo consisting of bassist Trevor Horn and keyboardist Geoff Downes, have a discography of two studio albums, a compilation album and video live album, a promotional extended play, nine singles, and three music videos. The Buggles also produced three songs, \"Back of My Hand\" by The Jags, \"Monkey Chop\" by Dan-I, and \"Film Star\" by Tom Marshall. The group formed in 1977 in Wimbledon, South West London, and were signed by Island Records to record and publish their debut studio album, \"The Age of Plastic\", which was released in 1980. The album charted in the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, and Japan. The lead single for \"The Age of Plastic\" was \" Video Killed the Radio Star\", released in 1979. The song was a huge commercial success, becoming the 444th number one hit on the UK Singles Chart, spending one week at the top. It was also number 1 on fifteen other international record charts and sold more than five million copies worldwide. It received certifications by the Syndicat National de l'\u00c9dition Phonographique and British Phonographic Industry of platinum and gold respectively. Its music video was the first to air on MTV. Three other singles from \"The Age of Plastic\", \"Living in the Plastic Age\", \"Clean, Clean\" and \"Elstree\", achieved chart success in the UK, Germany and the Netherlands. Music videos were made for \"Living in the Plastic Age\" and \"Elstree\" \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", released in 1981, was the second and last album by The Buggles. Five singles from it were released between 1981 and 1982, \"I Am a Camera\", \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", \"On TV\", \"Lenny\", and \"Beatnik\"."], "answer": {"text": "Adventures in Modern Recording.", "answer_start": 140}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92a394d9dd384c979cf07abe323f150c_0_q#2", "question": "what were the highlights of adventures in modern recording?", "rewrite": "What were the highlights of The Buggles album Adventures in Modern Recording?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lenny (Buggles song) \"Lenny\" (its demo titled \"Walking on Glass\") is a song by British synthpop group The Buggles from their second and final album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\". It was released as the album's third single in September 1982 and was written and produced by both Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes. The song became popular in the Netherlands, charting on both the Mega Single Top 100 and Dutch Top 40, and has been positively received by critics. \"Lenny\" is a synthpop song that is 3 minutes and 14 seconds long, and played at a tempo of 94 beats per minute. The song has a progressive rock-influenced sound, with power chords and fluttering synthesizers played in the song. With limited involvement by Geoff Downes, \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" featured much more involvement from Horn. However, Downes contributed to four songs on the album; \"Beatnik\", \"Vermillion Sands\", \"I Am a Camera\" and \"Lenny\". An original demo recording of the song was originally titled \"Walking on Glass\". This demo version was included on the February 2010 Salvo/ZTT re-issue of \"Adventures in Modern Recording\". The demo was recorded between the winter of 1980 and the spring of 1981 and for the re-issue, it was sourced from the Zang Tuum Tumb tape vault. The demo was remastered from sole-remaining sources, TCH personal cassettes dated 20 January 1981. The single was only released in France and the Netherlands. It was issued on 7\" vinyl via Carrere, who also distributed the single. The single included the B-side \"Blue Nylon\" which was written by John Sinclair, Simon Darlow and Horn, whilst being produced by Sinclair and Horn.", "Into the Lens  \"Into the Lens\" is a song written by Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes. It was originally released in 1980 by progressive rock band Yes, of which Horn and Downes were a part, as a part of the album \"Drama\", before being reworked as \"I Am a Camera\" for the 1981 album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" by The Buggles, a duo consisting of Horn and Downes; both versions were released as singles, with the Yes single being re-titled \"Into the Lens (I Am a Camera)\". The Yes version of the song additionally credits Steve Howe, Chris Squire, and Alan White as co-songwriters; all the songs featured on \"Drama\" were credited to the five of them. The first version of the song was a demo, recorded on a Sunday afternoon when songwriters Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes started working on the second Buggles album in 1980. When they joined Yes, it gained input from other members Steve Howe, Chris Squire and Alan White, and therefore, \"Into the Lens\" features a more distinctive \"prog rock\" sound. When Horn and Downes resumed work on the Buggles album which would become \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", the song was reworked as \"I Am a Camera\". Trevor Horn said about the two versions: The song \"I Am a Camera\" was a Buggles track and we had adapted it into a Yes track. It became \"Into the Lens\" and, naturally, slightly more overblown. I don't mind \"Into the Lens\"\u2014the melody's unadulterated while the arrangement's a lot more complicated\u2014but I still prefer The Buggles version. I think Geoffrey's brilliant on the Buggles version.", "The Buggles discography The Buggles, a duo consisting of bassist Trevor Horn and keyboardist Geoff Downes, have a discography of two studio albums, a compilation album and video live album, a promotional extended play, nine singles, and three music videos. The Buggles also produced three songs, \"Back of My Hand\" by The Jags, \"Monkey Chop\" by Dan-I, and \"Film Star\" by Tom Marshall. The group formed in 1977 in Wimbledon, South West London, and were signed by Island Records to record and publish their debut studio album, \"The Age of Plastic\", which was released in 1980. The album charted in the UK, Canada, the Netherlands, France, Sweden, and Japan. The lead single for \"The Age of Plastic\" was \" Video Killed the Radio Star\", released in 1979. The song was a huge commercial success, becoming the 444th number one hit on the UK Singles Chart, spending one week at the top. It was also number 1 on fifteen other international record charts and sold more than five million copies worldwide. It received certifications by the Syndicat National de l'\u00c9dition Phonographique and British Phonographic Industry of platinum and gold respectively. Its music video was the first to air on MTV. Three other singles from \"The Age of Plastic\", \"Living in the Plastic Age\", \"Clean, Clean\" and \"Elstree\", achieved chart success in the UK, Germany and the Netherlands. Music videos were made for \"Living in the Plastic Age\" and \"Elstree\" \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", released in 1981, was the second and last album by The Buggles. Five singles from it were released between 1981 and 1982, \"I Am a Camera\", \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", \"On TV\", \"Lenny\", and \"Beatnik\".", "Adventures in Modern Recording Adventures in Modern Recording is the second and final studio album by British synthpop duo The Buggles, released in 1981 on Carrere Records. Made one year after their stint as members of Yes, the album contains nine tracks, including a stripped-down version of Yes's \"Into the Lens\", here entitled, \"I Am a Camera\". The album as released was mostly a Trevor Horn solo effort, Geoffrey Downes having joined Asia before recording began. Bruce Woolley assisted in completing the tracks. \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" was one of the earliest to use the Fairlight CMI, one of the first digital sampling synthesizers. Although \"Adventures\" suffered commercial failure in the United Kingdom, it did get chart performance in the United States, reaching number 161 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Like \"The Age of Plastic \" it was positively received by critics. Both \"We Can Fly from Here\" and \"Riding a Tide\" (appearing as demos on the 2010 reissue) were rerecorded by Yes (with Horn as producer and Downes on keyboards) for their 2011 studio album \"Fly from Here\". On 10 January 1980, The Buggles, a duo of Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes, released their debut album \"The Age of Plastic\". Labeled by writers as the first electropop landmark, the album, lyrically both promoting and concerning modern technology, included musical influences and elements of disco, punk, progressive rock and pop music from the 1960s. Four singles were released from the album, one of them including \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" which topped sixteen international record charts. Reportedly, the album was very difficult to follow up to, but Horn was wanting to see how it would follow.", "Geoff Downes Geoffrey Downes (born 25 August 1952) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer who gained fame as a member of the new wave group The Buggles with Trevor Horn, the progressive rock band Yes, and the supergroup Asia. Born in Stockport, Downes moved to London to pursue a music career. In 1977, he formed The Buggles with Horn and enjoyed success with their first album \"The Age of Plastic\" (1980) which included the worldwide hit single \"Video Killed the Radio Star\". In May 1980, Downes joined Yes with Horn and recorded \"Drama\" (1980). After Yes disbanded in 1981, Downes helped Trevor Horn to produce a second Buggles album, \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" (1981) although he was only primarily involved for half of it, and co-founded Asia with ex-Yes fellow musician Steve Howe. He left Asia in 1986, rejoined in 1990, and has been a part of the line-up since then; he released several solo albums and produced for several artists, including Mike Oldfield and the Thompson Twins. In 2006, Downes reunited the original Asia line-up and rejoined Yes in 2011; he is currently a member of both groups. Since 1998, he has reunited with Horn on special occasions to perform songs from The Buggles. Downes entered the \"Guinness Book of Records\" for performing with a record 28 keyboards on stage in a single performance. Downes was born at Stepping Hill Hospital in Stockport, Cheshire, the son of musical parents. His father was a church organist and his mother a pianist. He also took up the keyboards and played in a succession of local bands. He attended Stockport Grammar School before studying at Leeds College of Music. After graduating he moved to London, where he played sessions and composed advertising jingles."], "answer": {"text": "Downes left the group on the day the recording of the album was meant to begin to help form Asia with Howe citing musical differences.", "answer_start": 181}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their second album called?", "answer": {"text": "Adventures in Modern Recording.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92a394d9dd384c979cf07abe323f150c_0_q#3", "question": "did he have other reasons for leaving?", "rewrite": "Did Downes have any reason for leaving other than to help form Asia with Howe?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Horn scored his first production hit when \"Monkey Chop\" by Dan-I reached No. 17 on the UK singles chart in 1979. In 1978, Horn and Downes formed the new wave band The Buggles with early contributions from Woolley. They secured a recording deal with Island Records and spent much of 1979 recording their debut album, \"The Age of Plastic\" (1980). The credits list Horn with co-production, lead vocals, guitar and bass. Its lead single \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" was released in September 1979 and reached No. 1 in the UK, propelling Horn, then aged 30, and Downes to mainstream fame. In August 1981, the song was the first music video to air on MTV. The success of \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" led to Horn and Downes secure management from Brian Lane, who was also managing the progressive rock band Yes. They were in need of a singer and keyboardist following the departures of Jon Anderson and Rick Wakeman, which led to Horn and Downes pitching \"We Can Fly from Here\", a demo that they had written with Yes in mind. Both accepted to join Yes and work got underway on \"Drama\" (1980) with Horn on lead vocals and fretless bass. Horn spent much of his time on the album, and cut his wedding reception short in order to resume working on it. Horn sang on the band's 1980 tour of North America and the UK, after which he left to become a full-time producer. In 1981, he completed a second Buggles album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" largely on his own following Downes's decision to form Asia. Horn resumed working with Yes as a producer on their albums \"90125\" (1983) and \"Big Generator\" (1987).", "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album, Adventures in Modern Recording. However, Downes left the group on the day the recording of the album was meant to begin to help form Asia with Howe citing musical differences. Horn was angry that Island Records renegotiated publishing terms for Downes to join Asia, but never did for Horn since, in his words, he was \"washed up, career-wise\". To fix this problem, Jill Sinclair made a deal with the French label Carrere, whose leader Claude Carrere, whom Horn described as a \"very nice man\", helped fund the album. Horn was now left to complete much of the album with several additional personnel. Released in November 1981, Adventures in Modern Recording involved Horn experimenting with numerous production techniques, especially with the heavy use of sampling with the Fairlight CMI, with instruments from the computer such as the drums on \"Inner City\" and the big band jazz sounds on \"Vermillion Sands\". These same sampling techniques would later be used in records he produced such as Slave To The Rhythm by Grace Jones, Yes's 90125, Art of Noise's The Seduction of Claude Debussy and Frankie Goes To Hollywood's Welcome to the Pleasuredome. While the album garnered little attention in the United Kingdom, Horn recalled in 2010 that the album was a commercial success in France, and in the United States the album peaked at number 161 on the American Billboard 200.", "In the mid-1970s, Downes was a member of She's French, playing a Fender Rhodes electric piano and a Hammond organ. The band also included Jamie West-Oram on guitar and Hoagy Davies, the son of Rupert Davies, on Minimoog synthesizer. He played keys for a theatre production of The Wombles in 1975. In 1976, Downes met Trevor Horn while auditioning for pop singer Tina Charles' backing band, for which Horn produced a single called \"Don't come back\" in 1977, which was published under the name \"Fallen Angel and The Tina Charles Band\". Then they formed the short lived Chromium, with Anne Dudley and Hans Zimmer and recorded an album \"Star to Star\" in 1978. Then they continued to work together, eventually forming The Buggles, recording a worldwide hit single \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" in 1979. It was Island Records' first number 1 in the UK, and the video of the song subsequently became the first ever to be played at the launch of MTV on August 1, 1981. The success of The Buggles led to Downes and Horn joining Yes for the \"Drama\" album and the associated tour in 1980. Downes was the first member of the band to have completed a music degree. Yes split at the beginning of 1981, and Downes subsequently joined forces with guitarist Steve Howe (from Yes), bassist/vocalist John Wetton (from King Crimson) and drummer Carl Palmer (from Emerson, Lake & Palmer) to form Asia. Despite being out of the band between 1989 and 1990, Downes is the longest-serving member of the band and the only one to appear on every album released by them.", "keyboard/violin player Eddie Jobson, while Bruford brought in guitarist Allan Holdsworth. U.K. adopted a much more structured, composition-driven approach than King Crimson, per Wetton's preference. After the break-up of U.K., Wetton released his first solo album, \"Caught in the Crossfire\", in 1980. Later that year he had a brief stint in Wishbone Ash, contributing bass and vocals to their album \"Number the Brave\" (1981). In 1981 he had a meeting with Geffen Records' boss John Kalodner who took him to task for playing bass in the backing band for Bryan Ferry. At Kalodner's insistence Wetton started working and writing with Steve Howe, who had most recently been in Yes. They went on to form Asia with whom Wetton worked until 1983. In that year, Wetton was fired from Asia at the insistence of Geffen Records, ostensibly because of lower-than-expected sales of the \"Alpha\" (1983) album. He was brought back into Asia in 1985, with Mandy Meyer replacing Steve Howe, to complete \"Astra\" (1985). In the late 1980s Wetton's collaboration with former Roxy Music guitarist Phil Manzanera was released as \"Wetton/Manzanera\" (1986), with drums provided by Yes's Alan White. Also around this time, Wetton began working again with Geoff Downes and Carl Palmer in an attempt to restart Asia without Steve Howe. Some of the material by this incarnation of Asia made its way onto 1990's \"Then & Now\" CD. The 1990s saw Wetton mostly out of Asia and focusing on a solo career. In 1999, another attempt to reform Asia resulted in Wetton participating in the short-lived progressive rock group Qango with Carl Palmer, John Young and Dave Kilminster.", "Downes and Payne continued as Asia, releasing multiple albums, but they struggled to maintain a stable lineup around them. 2001's \"Aura\" featured multiple guitarists, including another guest appearance from Howe and a new player Guthrie Govan. Among the drummers on the album was Chris Slade, who had briefly worked with the band in 1999. A stable touring lineup now emerged of Payne, Downes, Govan and Slade. This lineup went on to release \"Silent Nation\" in 2004. In August 2005, Slade left the group to be replaced by Jay Schellen (who had helped on some writing sessions for \"Silent Nation\"). After a short period of further touring, the new band started work on an album, tentatively entitled \"Architect of Time\", which was originally planned for release in 2006. In early 2006, the partnership between Downes and Payne was dissolved when Downes left for a reunion of the original band lineup under the Asia name, a breakup that Payne described as \"painful\". The existing lineup minus Downes, \"i.e.\" Payne, Govan and Schellen, continued working together. They recruited Ryo Okumoto on keyboards to form new band GPS, using some of the material planned for \"Architect of Time\" on their debut album, \"Window to the Soul\" (2006). On May 9, 2006, Geoff Downes, John Wetton, Carl Palmer and Steve Howe contractually allowed John Payne to continue as \"Asia Featuring John Payne,\". Payne also took a significant portion of the rights to the 'Asia' band name following Downes' departure. Payne regrouped ex-members of Asia and formed the new band Asia Featuring John Payne in May 2007 with Payne on vocals/bass, Guthrie Govan on guitar and Jay Schellen on drums. Later that year, Erik Norlander was announced on keyboards."], "answer": {"text": "Horn was angry that Island Records renegotiated publishing terms for Downes to join Asia,", "answer_start": 316}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their second album called?", "answer": {"text": "Adventures in Modern Recording.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the highlights of adventures in modern recording?", "answer": {"text": "Downes left the group on the day the recording of the album was meant to begin to help form Asia with Howe citing musical differences.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92a394d9dd384c979cf07abe323f150c_0_q#4", "question": "did they work out the issue?", "rewrite": "Did Horn and Downes work out the issues about Island Records?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the mid-1970s, Downes was a member of She's French, playing a Fender Rhodes electric piano and a Hammond organ. The band also included Jamie West-Oram on guitar and Hoagy Davies, the son of Rupert Davies, on Minimoog synthesizer. He played keys for a theatre production of The Wombles in 1975. In 1976, Downes met Trevor Horn while auditioning for pop singer Tina Charles' backing band, for which Horn produced a single called \"Don't come back\" in 1977, which was published under the name \"Fallen Angel and The Tina Charles Band\". Then they formed the short lived Chromium, with Anne Dudley and Hans Zimmer and recorded an album \"Star to Star\" in 1978. Then they continued to work together, eventually forming The Buggles, recording a worldwide hit single \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" in 1979. It was Island Records' first number 1 in the UK, and the video of the song subsequently became the first ever to be played at the launch of MTV on August 1, 1981. The success of The Buggles led to Downes and Horn joining Yes for the \"Drama\" album and the associated tour in 1980. Downes was the first member of the band to have completed a music degree. Yes split at the beginning of 1981, and Downes subsequently joined forces with guitarist Steve Howe (from Yes), bassist/vocalist John Wetton (from King Crimson) and drummer Carl Palmer (from Emerson, Lake & Palmer) to form Asia. Despite being out of the band between 1989 and 1990, Downes is the longest-serving member of the band and the only one to appear on every album released by them.", "Horn scored his first production hit when \"Monkey Chop\" by Dan-I reached No. 17 on the UK singles chart in 1979. In 1978, Horn and Downes formed the new wave band The Buggles with early contributions from Woolley. They secured a recording deal with Island Records and spent much of 1979 recording their debut album, \"The Age of Plastic\" (1980). The credits list Horn with co-production, lead vocals, guitar and bass. Its lead single \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" was released in September 1979 and reached No. 1 in the UK, propelling Horn, then aged 30, and Downes to mainstream fame. In August 1981, the song was the first music video to air on MTV. The success of \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" led to Horn and Downes secure management from Brian Lane, who was also managing the progressive rock band Yes. They were in need of a singer and keyboardist following the departures of Jon Anderson and Rick Wakeman, which led to Horn and Downes pitching \"We Can Fly from Here\", a demo that they had written with Yes in mind. Both accepted to join Yes and work got underway on \"Drama\" (1980) with Horn on lead vocals and fretless bass. Horn spent much of his time on the album, and cut his wedding reception short in order to resume working on it. Horn sang on the band's 1980 tour of North America and the UK, after which he left to become a full-time producer. In 1981, he completed a second Buggles album \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" largely on his own following Downes's decision to form Asia. Horn resumed working with Yes as a producer on their albums \"90125\" (1983) and \"Big Generator\" (1987).", "Said Horn, \"\"We had this idea that at some future point there'd be a record label that didn't really have any artists--just a computer in the basement and some mad Vincent Price-like figure making the records ... One of the groups this computer would make would be the Buggles, which was obviously a corruption of the Beatles, who would just be this inconsequential bunch of people with a hit song that the computer had written ... and would never be seen.\" In 1977, Horn, Downes and Woolley got together and began recording a selection of demos in a small room above a stonemason shop in Wimbledon, south west London, including \"Video Killed the Radio Star\", \"Clean, Clean\" and \"On TV\". Though unsure on what they wished to do with them, Downes remembered that \"we knew even then ... there was some distant goal that had to be reached\", and proceeded to re-record the songs at a 16-track recording studio in north London. Initial searches for the right record label to record and release an album failed, but Horn, having begun a relationship with Jill Sinclair, a co-founder of Sarm East Studios, managed to secure plans for a potential deal. However, the demo of \"Video Killed the Radio Star\" caught the attention of producer Chris Blackwell of Island Records and, on the day Horn and Downes were due to sign with Sarm East, Blackwell offered them a more lucrative deal, which they accepted. Downes claimed Island rejected them three times before a final deal was agreed upon.", "Elstree (song) \"Elstree\" is a synthpop song by The Buggles from their debut album, \"The Age of Plastic\". It was the fourth and final single from the album, released on 27 October 1980. It was written by Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes. \"Elstree\" is a tribute to the U.K. film company Elstree Studios. It follows the story of a failed actor who, according to Wave Maker Magazine, is \"taking up a more regular position behind the scenes and looking back at his life in regret. \" The song is 4 minutes and 32 seconds long, and is played at a BPM of 136. Geoff Downes performed an old-sounding grand piano and a minimoog in the song to emulate an oboe. The single was released on 7\" vinyl via Island Records across Europe and Japan. It was not given an America release. In the UK, the single was manufactured and distributed by EMI Records Ltd. The single was also issued in Brazil through Island Records and Ariola, which was the umbrella company in Brazil for Island Records at the time. For the single, the song was edited down by half a minute in comparison to the album version of the song. Despite this, the UK version of the single still dubbed the song \"(Full-length Album Version)\" on the A-side of the vinyl. The single included the B-side \"Johnny on the Monorail (A Very Different Version)\" which was written by Downes and Horn. As the title suggested, the song is a different version of the closing album track of \"The Age of Plastic\". The version was originally exclusive to the single before it appeared as a bonus track on the 2000 remastered re-issue of \"The Age of Plastic\" album, amongst other re-issues of the album.", "2N7000 The 2N7000 and BS170 are two different N-channel, enhancement-mode MOSFETs used for low-power switching applications, with different lead arrangements and current ratings. They are sometimes listed together on the same datasheet with other variants 2N7002, VQ1000J, and VQ1000P. The 2N7000 is a widely available and popular part, often recommended as useful and common components to have around for hobbyist use. The BS250P is \"a good p-channel analog of the 2N7000.\" Packaged in a TO-92 enclosure, both the 2N7000 and BS170 are 60 V devices. The 2N7000 can switch 200 mA. The BS170 can switch 500 mA, with a maximum on-resistance of 5 \u03a9 at 10 V Vgs. The 2N7002 is another different part with different resistance, current rating and package. The 2N7002 is in a TO-236 package, also known as \"small outline transistor\" SOT-23 surface-mount, which is the most commonly used three-lead surface-mount package. The 2N7000 has been referred to as a \"FETlington\" and as an \"absolutely ideal hacker part. \" The word \"FETlington\" is a reference to the Darlington-transistor-like saturation characteristic. A typical use of these transistors is as a switch for moderate voltages and currents, including as drivers for small lamps, motors, and relays. In switching circuits, these FETs can be used much like bipolar junction transistors, but have some advantages: The main disadvantages of these FETs over bipolar transistors in switching are the following:"], "answer": {"text": "To fix this problem, Jill Sinclair made a deal with the French label Carrere, whose leader Claude Carrere,", "answer_start": 483}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their second album called?", "answer": {"text": "Adventures in Modern Recording.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the highlights of adventures in modern recording?", "answer": {"text": "Downes left the group on the day the recording of the album was meant to begin to help form Asia with Howe citing musical differences.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have other reasons for leaving?", "answer": {"text": "Horn was angry that Island Records renegotiated publishing terms for Downes to join Asia,", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92a394d9dd384c979cf07abe323f150c_0_q#5", "question": "what did carrere do?", "rewrite": "what did Claude Carreere do in regards to the deal between Jill Sinclair and the French label Carrere?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ploog's arrival established The Church's first stable line-up. The first recordings by the group with Ploog were eventually released as a five-track double single / extended play, \"Too Fast for You\" in July 1981. It included the first collectively written track, \"Sisters\". Another track, \"Tear It All Away\", later released as a separate single, showed a development towards more elaborate guitar structures and what would become the signature Church sound. Their image of tight jeans and paisley shirts (many designed and made by Michelle Parker), as well as their 'jangly' guitar sound evoked comparisons to 1960s psychedelic groups, particularly The Byrds. The success of \"Of Skins and Heart\" enabled Chris Gilbey to present the release to Freddie Cannon of French label Carrere and Rupert Perry of American label Capitol. Both labels released the album in 1982, renamed as simply \"The Church\", with slightly altered track listings including songs from \"Too Fast for You\" and using a crop of that EP's artwork for the cover. Ploog was incorrectly credited as the sole drummer on the release, despite only playing on one or three tracks, depending on the version. Capitol also released an edited single version of \"The Unguarded Moment\" which was a minute shorter than the original \u2013 a decision which displeased the band. All songs by written by Steve Kilbey, except where noted. 1981 Australian release Parlophone 1982 European release Carrere Records 1982 North American release Capitol Records The album was re-sequenced and released internationally as \"The Church\" (1982) by Capitol Records in North America and Carrere Records in Europe. The 1989 CD release by Arista Records included three extra tracks: \"Too Fast for You\",", "According to Trevor Horn, \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" was planned to be more \"left-field\" than \"The Age of Plastic\": \"We had some pretty weird material. Things like \u2018Vermillion Sands\u2019 and some weird little things that we\u2019d done. The best we had was \u2018I Am A Camera\u2019 which had been one of the things that was a demo we\u2019d done on a Sunday afternoon and was one of the best things Geoffrey [Downes] and I ever did I thought. \" When \"Adventures\" was about to be recorded, Buggles member Geoff Downes had split from the group to form the band Asia, and the group was also dropped from Island Records, which they originally thought they finished the album. Horn, angered and shocked, had to make a second Buggles, so Jill Sinclair decided she make a deal with French label Carrere Records, and DJ Claude Carrere would help fund the album. While \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" was mostly a Trevor Horn solo project, Downes was still involved in the project. He has writing and production credits on three tracks from \"Adventures\", \"Vermillion Sands\", \"I Am a Camera\" and \"Lenny\", where he also handled the drum programming, as well as being the keyboardist on a song he didn't co-write with Horn, \"Beatnik\". Australian producer Julian Mendelsohn and Gary Langan, who also handled the mixing and recording for \"The Age of Plastic\" were engineers on the album. Langan, Horn, and Anne Dudley, who is credited as keyboardist on \"Beatnik\", would later form The Art of Noise.", "Breaking the Chains (album)  Breaking the Chains is the debut studio album by heavy metal band Dokken. The album was originally released in 1981 in Europe as Breakin' the Chains on the French label Carrere Records. This version contains some different mixes and titles of songs from the later US edition. \"Paris Is Burning\" is called \"Paris\" and is actually a studio version as opposed to the live recording in Berlin from December 1982. The album also contained a song called \"We're Illegal\", which was later turned into \"Live to Rock\". The album was remixed, partially re-recorded, renamed and released in the US in 1983 by Elektra Records and reached number 136 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. The album was considered a flop by the label, which had the intention to drop the band. However, Dokken management convinced Elektra that they could make a more successful album, which materialized in \"Tooth and Nail\" in September 1984. \"Breaking the Chains\" title track was named the 62nd greatest hard rock song by VH1. It is featured on the radio station \"V-ROCK\" in the 2006 video game \"\". In a discussion with George Lynch on January 26, 2011, he mentioned the existence of 500 copies of the Carrere Records \"Breakin' the Chains\" version printed with the Don Dokken moniker, instead of Dokken. This version also featured different album cover art. On the original \"Breakin' The Chains\" Carrere version, released as Don Dokken, several song titles are misspelled on the back cover. Namely \"I Can't See You\" (\"I Can See You\"), \"Stick To Your Guns\" ( \"Still To Your Guns\"), and \"Young Girls\" (\"Young Girl\").", "FR David also had a huge international hit with \"Words\". In June 1988, exactly 10 years after opening the label in the UK, Cannon departed and closed down Carrere UK. He joined Pete Waterman and David Howells at PWL Records as International Director. Claude Carrere loaned his music company to Warner Music France. In 1993, Carrere closed down, but the Carrere family still has the rights for its catalogs. Claude Carrere died April 10, 2014. Carrere was the only French label to have multiple international successes worldwide, including a number 1 Adult Contemporary hit in the US with \"Friends and Lovers\" by Gloria Loring and Carl Anderson.", "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album, Adventures in Modern Recording. However, Downes left the group on the day the recording of the album was meant to begin to help form Asia with Howe citing musical differences. Horn was angry that Island Records renegotiated publishing terms for Downes to join Asia, but never did for Horn since, in his words, he was \"washed up, career-wise\". To fix this problem, Jill Sinclair made a deal with the French label Carrere, whose leader Claude Carrere, whom Horn described as a \"very nice man\", helped fund the album. Horn was now left to complete much of the album with several additional personnel. Released in November 1981, Adventures in Modern Recording involved Horn experimenting with numerous production techniques, especially with the heavy use of sampling with the Fairlight CMI, with instruments from the computer such as the drums on \"Inner City\" and the big band jazz sounds on \"Vermillion Sands\". These same sampling techniques would later be used in records he produced such as Slave To The Rhythm by Grace Jones, Yes's 90125, Art of Noise's The Seduction of Claude Debussy and Frankie Goes To Hollywood's Welcome to the Pleasuredome. While the album garnered little attention in the United Kingdom, Horn recalled in 2010 that the album was a commercial success in France, and in the United States the album peaked at number 161 on the American Billboard 200."], "answer": {"text": "whom Horn described as a \"very nice man\", helped fund the album. Horn was now left to complete much of the album with several additional personnel.", "answer_start": 590}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their second album called?", "answer": {"text": "Adventures in Modern Recording.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the highlights of adventures in modern recording?", "answer": {"text": "Downes left the group on the day the recording of the album was meant to begin to help form Asia with Howe citing musical differences.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have other reasons for leaving?", "answer": {"text": "Horn was angry that Island Records renegotiated publishing terms for Downes to join Asia,", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they work out the issue?", "answer": {"text": "To fix this problem, Jill Sinclair made a deal with the French label Carrere, whose leader Claude Carrere,", "answer_start": 483, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92a394d9dd384c979cf07abe323f150c_0_q#6", "question": "any hits during this time?", "rewrite": "Were there any hits by The Buggles during the time after the deal with Carrere Records?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["True Luv' True Luv' is the third album by Dutch girl group Luv', released in December 1979 by CNR/Carrere Records. It includes the hit singles \"Ooh, Yes I Do\" and \"Ann-Maria\" scored in the charts of European countries and also in a new territory: Mexico. In 1980, Luv's record company decided to re-issue the album by changing the track listing. The songs \"Cloud nr.9\" and \"Let There Be Love\" were replaced by \"One More Little Kissie\" (which was released as a single and became a hit record in Benelux) and \"I Win It\". In 2006, this LP has been reissued in digitally remastered form by Universal Music Netherlands as part of the \"Completely in Luv'\" box set. In the summer of 1979, Luv' and its producers and songwriters (Hans van Hemert and Piet Souer) planned to leave Philips Records/Phonogram Records (the record company which had released the group's records for two years). Jos\u00e9 Hoebee, Patty Brard, Marga Scheide and their team signed a 750.000 Dutch guilder contract with CNR/Carrere Records. With this new deal considered by the newspaper \"De Telegraaf\" as \"the show business transfer of the year\", Luv's challenge was to prove that after one year and a half of mainstream success, the trio could still score hit records in the music charts. The first album of the ladies released by CNR/Carrere was entitled \"True Luv\"'. It was recorded at the famous Wisseloord Studios by the same team as the two previous albums, \"With Luv'\" (1978) and \"Lots of Luv'\" (1979).", "Ooh, Yes I Do \" Ooh, Yes I Do\" is the ninth single by Dutch girl group Luv', released in the autumn of 1979 by CNR/Carrere Records. The song appears on the group's 1979 third studio album \"True Luv'\". It was a hit in Benelux, Denmark, and France and reached the Top 50 in Germany. The Spanish version of hit N\u00b01 in Mexico. In the summer of 1979, Luv' and their producers and songwriters (Hans van Hemert and Piet Souer) decided to leave Philips/Phonogram Records (which had released the group's records for two years). Jos\u00e9 Hoebee, Patty Brard, Marga Scheide and their team signed a 750,000 Dutch Guilder contract with CNR affiliated to Carrere Records. With this new deal, Luv's challenge was to prove that after one year and a half of mainstream success, the trio could still score hit records in the music charts. The formation's first single released by Carrere was \" Ooh, Yes I Do\", a track composed and produced by Van Hemert. The song uses a melody inspired by the flute theme of ABBA's \"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight) \" (1979). It became an instant hit. A Spanish version (entitled \"Si, Que Si\") was recorded for the Latin American market and was a #1 single in Mexico where it reached the gold status. CNR/Carrere licensed the rights for Luv's records to various labels around the world. 7\" Vinyl Ooh Yes I Do was a Mexican #1 hit, a Top 5 hit in Denmark and the Netherlands, a Top 10 record in Belgium and France and a Top 30 song in Germany.", "The label released also the final album by The Buggles, 1981's \"Adventures in Modern Recording\", which was distributed in the United States through Columbia Records. Debbie Bonham also signed to Carrere and released her critically acclaimed album \" For You and the Moon\" in 1984. Cannon, working with Carrere Italy's Managing Director Luigi Arduino and Claude Carrere, signed Italian singer Raf and secured the rights for the worldwide distribution of his hit single \"Self Control\" in 1984. In the same year, Peter Hinton left the company. In 1985, Carrere released \"Move Closer\", the only ballad from the label's Disco Queen Phyllis Nelson, and this number 1 song became the label's biggest selling single of all time in the UK. It is featured in over 300 compilations around the world. The same year, Carrere released Nana Mouskouri \" Only You \" that went to number 2 in the British charts and they released on the sub-label Stars Only Gloria Gaynor's single \"My Love Is Music\", produced by Didier Marouani. The group signed also Eros Ramazzotti and released his first hit single \"Una Storia Importante\". Carrere UK went on to help develop album selling artists for the Carrere label worldwide with groups like Demon, Rage, and Jim Capaldi. Saxon, Rose Tattoo, The Church, Dokken, Eros Ramazzotti and Debbie Bonham were launched by Carrere and are still performing today. Other artists of note on the label were Princess St\u00e9phanie of Monaco (Stephanie), Dollar, who enjoyed a number of hits with the label, and Dutch girl group Luv' that scored successful singles (including 1979's \"Ooh, Yes I Do\" in Europe). Boney M. and Ottawan were also huge hits for the label.", "Carrere Records Carrere was a French record label which specialized in Euro disco and rock music. The record company was sold to Warner Music Group in the early 1990s. Claude Carrere started working with Annie Chancel in 1962 and renamed her Sheila, who remained his sole artist for a while. He set up Carrere Productions and the records were distributed by Philips Records. In the late 1960s, he created Disques Carrere. In 1972, he produced and distributed his own releases. A lot of singers would be signed alongside Sheila, the most important ones being Ringo (Sheila's husband), Dalida and even Claude Fran\u00e7ois. In 1977, the disco group Sheila and B. Devotion was created and Carrere started exporting his releases. Claude Carrere decided to move into the British record market after the success of La Belle \u00c9poque single \"Black Is Black\", released in the United Kingdom through EMI, which reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart. He appointed Freddie Cannon Managing Director (at that time, he was Commercial A&R Director at EMI Records UK) to head up his Carrere UK label. Cannon opened the Carrere offices at Hansa Records UK in June 1978 and signed a South African group named Clout. Carrere' UK's first release was Clout's single \"Substitute\", which went to number 2 in the UK Singles Chart in 1978. Cannon and A&R Manager Peter Hinton signed power pop band the Incredible Kidda Band and followed this in 1979 with the NWOBHM band Saxon. Cannon renamed the group \"Saxon\", since he could not work with their original name \"Son of a Bitch\". Saxon released their eponymous debut album the following year and stayed with the label until 1984. In 1981, Cannon signed Australian rock bands The Church and Rose Tattoo, and Don Dokken from the US.", "According to Trevor Horn, \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" was planned to be more \"left-field\" than \"The Age of Plastic\": \"We had some pretty weird material. Things like \u2018Vermillion Sands\u2019 and some weird little things that we\u2019d done. The best we had was \u2018I Am A Camera\u2019 which had been one of the things that was a demo we\u2019d done on a Sunday afternoon and was one of the best things Geoffrey [Downes] and I ever did I thought. \" When \"Adventures\" was about to be recorded, Buggles member Geoff Downes had split from the group to form the band Asia, and the group was also dropped from Island Records, which they originally thought they finished the album. Horn, angered and shocked, had to make a second Buggles, so Jill Sinclair decided she make a deal with French label Carrere Records, and DJ Claude Carrere would help fund the album. While \"Adventures in Modern Recording\" was mostly a Trevor Horn solo project, Downes was still involved in the project. He has writing and production credits on three tracks from \"Adventures\", \"Vermillion Sands\", \"I Am a Camera\" and \"Lenny\", where he also handled the drum programming, as well as being the keyboardist on a song he didn't co-write with Horn, \"Beatnik\". Australian producer Julian Mendelsohn and Gary Langan, who also handled the mixing and recording for \"The Age of Plastic\" were engineers on the album. Langan, Horn, and Anne Dudley, who is credited as keyboardist on \"Beatnik\", would later form The Art of Noise."], "answer": {"text": "he produced such as Slave To The Rhythm by Grace Jones, Yes's 90125, Art of Noise's The Seduction of Claude Debussy and Frankie Goes To Hollywood's Welcome to the Pleasuredome.", "answer_start": 1110}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to The Buggles in 1981?", "answer": {"text": "In early 1981, following the disbanding of Yes, Downes and Horn reconvened at Sarm East Studios to record The Buggles' second studio album,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their second album called?", "answer": {"text": "Adventures in Modern Recording.", "answer_start": 140, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the highlights of adventures in modern recording?", "answer": {"text": "Downes left the group on the day the recording of the album was meant to begin to help form Asia with Howe citing musical differences.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have other reasons for leaving?", "answer": {"text": "Horn was angry that Island Records renegotiated publishing terms for Downes to join Asia,", "answer_start": 316, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they work out the issue?", "answer": {"text": "To fix this problem, Jill Sinclair made a deal with the French label Carrere, whose leader Claude Carrere,", "answer_start": 483, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did carrere do?", "answer": {"text": "whom Horn described as a \"very nice man\", helped fund the album. Horn was now left to complete much of the album with several additional personnel.", "answer_start": 590, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf12747c8dfa41edb7392f6b7f193522_0_q#0", "question": "Why was Norman Borlaug criticized?", "rewrite": "Why was Norman Borlaug criticized?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["World Food Prize The World Food Prize is an international award recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. Since 1987, the prize has been awarded annually to recognize contributions in any field involved in the world food supply: food and agriculture science and technology, manufacturing, marketing, nutrition, economics, poverty alleviation, political leadership, and the social sciences. The World Food Prize Foundation is currently run by Kenneth M. Quinn, former U.S. Ambassador to Cambodia. Conceived by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug, the prize emphasizes the importance of a nutritious and sustainable food supply for all people. Borlaug saw the prize as a means of establishing role models who would inspire others. In 1985, Borlaug met with the chief executive of General Foods Corporation, James Fergusen. Norman Borlaug presented his long-standing desire for the establishment of a major prize for agriculture. The idea of a prize was met favorably by the Senior General Foods Management, but they expanded the scope of the prize to include all of the links of the food chain - from farm to table. General Foods Corporation organized a prize management structure and in 1986 announced the founding of the General Foods World Food Prize. This prize was funded solely by the General Foods Fund for the first four years of its existence and partially funded by the General Foods Fund and other contributors in the fifth year. Since 1990, the World Food Prize has been sponsored by businessman and philanthropist, John Ruan. Laureates are honored and officially awarded their prize in Des Moines, Iowa, in a televised award ceremony held in the House Chamber of the Iowa State Capitol. The Award Ceremony coincides with the Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, known as the Borlaug Dialogue, which addresses an issue related to hunger and food security each year.", "Borlaug Dialogue The Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, commonly known as the Borlaug Dialogue, is an annual international symposium tackling the topic of \"global food security\" organized by The World Food Prize Foundation. Past symposia have focused on the promises and challenges presented by biofuels for global development, the dual challenges of malnutrition and obesity, water insecurity and its impact on development and stability in the Middle East, and the possibility of replicating the Green Revolution. The 2014 \"Borlaug Dialogue\" was held on October 15\u201317, 2014 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of founder Dr. Norman Borlaug's birth. 2014 Discussion topics ranged from: Notable speakers included:  An annual US $10,000 award endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation which is presented during the symposium by the World Food Prize Foundation to recognise \u201cresearchers under 40 who emulate the scientific innovation and dedication to food security of Dr. Norman Borlaug\". Recipients: Source: World Food Prize", "Norman Borlaug (Victor)  Norman Borlaug, or Dr. Norman E. Borlaug, is a bronze sculpture depicting the American agronomist and humanitarian of the same name by Benjamin Victor, installed in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was donated by the U.S. state of Iowa in 2014, and replaced one depicting James Harlan, which the state had gifted in 1910.", "These findings can also be used for other staple plants in the rose family such as peaches, almonds, apples, raspberries, and blackberries, and contribute to a growing list of compounds that can be used in the future to produce more flavorful foods without using as much sugar. Folta's research can be used to produce more flavorful and aromatic strawberries using conventional breeding techniques, without the use of genetic modification. Folta has formal training in communication and has been recognized for his skill by scholarly institutions. He uses his experience to provide workshops to teach scientists and farmers how to communicate science effectively, and engages with the public through outreach programs, the internet, and other means. \"Nature Biotechnology\" described Folta as \"a gifted communicator\u2014one of the rare scientists who has engaged the public, with over 12 years experience behind him. Not someone who merely discusses public engagement; but someone who actually communicates directly with non-expert audiences\u2014at science fairs, in schools, at retirement homes, in blogs and podcasts.\" In 2016, Folta was awarded the Borlaug CAST Communication Award by the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), named after fellow agricultural biologist and 1970 Nobel Peace Prize winner Norman Borlaug. CAST cited Folta's ability to focus on \"clear, credible information\" and his use of multiple venues to engage the public, in addition to his communication workshops for scientists and farmers. Julie Borlaug, daughter of Norman Borlaug, added, \"[Folta] has not shied away from controversial subjects and has often been the number one target of the anti-science movement on behalf of all of us who support biotechnology.\"", "Borlaug's obituarist, Christopher Reed argued in an interview with The Guardian from 2014 that although his Green Revolution and high-yielding agricultural techniques averted poverty in the short term, in the long time they might have added to it. Critics of the CIMMYT argue that it is important to consider the social and ecological changes that the green revolution, and subsequently the CIMMYT, create for local farmers. A dependency on expensive 'high-yielding' seeds that demand expensive fertilizers has pushed local farmers who cannot afford them out of the market, causing further social inequalities. The seeds, which require a lot of water, has also increased soil erosion and water wastage. At the time Norman Borlaug began the Green Revolution, the US agricultural science establishment and agribusiness industries supported him, because it allowed their industries to grow around the world as dependency on their patented seeds and herbicides increased. Today, CIMMYT still relies on these private companies for seeds and herbicides, such as StrigAway. Main donors include Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the CGIAR, World Bank (through cross-cutting, theme and project-based CGIAR funding), Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, and the national governments of Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Switzerland and the United States. Historically, CIMMYT received funding from the European Commission and the Rockefeller Foundation. Notable scientists include a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. Norman Borlaug (1970) CIMMYT wheat breeder. Borlaug later established the World Food Prize in 1986 and three recipients of the World Food Prize, Evangelina Villegas and Surinder Vasal received the World Food Prize in 2000; and Sanjaya Rajaram in 2014."], "answer": {"text": "Borlaug's name is nearly synonymous with the Green Revolution, against which many criticisms have been mounted over the decades by environmentalists and some nutritionalists.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cf12747c8dfa41edb7392f6b7f193522_0_q#1", "question": "What was a criticism of an environmentalist?", "rewrite": "What criticism has an environmentalist made against Norman Borlaug?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Borlaug Dialogue The Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, commonly known as the Borlaug Dialogue, is an annual international symposium tackling the topic of \"global food security\" organized by The World Food Prize Foundation. Past symposia have focused on the promises and challenges presented by biofuels for global development, the dual challenges of malnutrition and obesity, water insecurity and its impact on development and stability in the Middle East, and the possibility of replicating the Green Revolution. The 2014 \"Borlaug Dialogue\" was held on October 15\u201317, 2014 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of founder Dr. Norman Borlaug's birth. 2014 Discussion topics ranged from: Notable speakers included:  An annual US $10,000 award endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation which is presented during the symposium by the World Food Prize Foundation to recognise \u201cresearchers under 40 who emulate the scientific innovation and dedication to food security of Dr. Norman Borlaug\". Recipients: Source: World Food Prize", "These findings can also be used for other staple plants in the rose family such as peaches, almonds, apples, raspberries, and blackberries, and contribute to a growing list of compounds that can be used in the future to produce more flavorful foods without using as much sugar. Folta's research can be used to produce more flavorful and aromatic strawberries using conventional breeding techniques, without the use of genetic modification. Folta has formal training in communication and has been recognized for his skill by scholarly institutions. He uses his experience to provide workshops to teach scientists and farmers how to communicate science effectively, and engages with the public through outreach programs, the internet, and other means. \"Nature Biotechnology\" described Folta as \"a gifted communicator\u2014one of the rare scientists who has engaged the public, with over 12 years experience behind him. Not someone who merely discusses public engagement; but someone who actually communicates directly with non-expert audiences\u2014at science fairs, in schools, at retirement homes, in blogs and podcasts.\" In 2016, Folta was awarded the Borlaug CAST Communication Award by the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), named after fellow agricultural biologist and 1970 Nobel Peace Prize winner Norman Borlaug. CAST cited Folta's ability to focus on \"clear, credible information\" and his use of multiple venues to engage the public, in addition to his communication workshops for scientists and farmers. Julie Borlaug, daughter of Norman Borlaug, added, \"[Folta] has not shied away from controversial subjects and has often been the number one target of the anti-science movement on behalf of all of us who support biotechnology.\"", "World Food Prize The World Food Prize is an international award recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. Since 1987, the prize has been awarded annually to recognize contributions in any field involved in the world food supply: food and agriculture science and technology, manufacturing, marketing, nutrition, economics, poverty alleviation, political leadership, and the social sciences. The World Food Prize Foundation is currently run by Kenneth M. Quinn, former U.S. Ambassador to Cambodia. Conceived by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug, the prize emphasizes the importance of a nutritious and sustainable food supply for all people. Borlaug saw the prize as a means of establishing role models who would inspire others. In 1985, Borlaug met with the chief executive of General Foods Corporation, James Fergusen. Norman Borlaug presented his long-standing desire for the establishment of a major prize for agriculture. The idea of a prize was met favorably by the Senior General Foods Management, but they expanded the scope of the prize to include all of the links of the food chain - from farm to table. General Foods Corporation organized a prize management structure and in 1986 announced the founding of the General Foods World Food Prize. This prize was funded solely by the General Foods Fund for the first four years of its existence and partially funded by the General Foods Fund and other contributors in the fifth year. Since 1990, the World Food Prize has been sponsored by businessman and philanthropist, John Ruan. Laureates are honored and officially awarded their prize in Des Moines, Iowa, in a televised award ceremony held in the House Chamber of the Iowa State Capitol. The Award Ceremony coincides with the Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, known as the Borlaug Dialogue, which addresses an issue related to hunger and food security each year.", "Norman Borlaug (Victor)  Norman Borlaug, or Dr. Norman E. Borlaug, is a bronze sculpture depicting the American agronomist and humanitarian of the same name by Benjamin Victor, installed in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was donated by the U.S. state of Iowa in 2014, and replaced one depicting James Harlan, which the state had gifted in 1910.", "Borlaug's obituarist, Christopher Reed argued in an interview with The Guardian from 2014 that although his Green Revolution and high-yielding agricultural techniques averted poverty in the short term, in the long time they might have added to it. Critics of the CIMMYT argue that it is important to consider the social and ecological changes that the green revolution, and subsequently the CIMMYT, create for local farmers. A dependency on expensive 'high-yielding' seeds that demand expensive fertilizers has pushed local farmers who cannot afford them out of the market, causing further social inequalities. The seeds, which require a lot of water, has also increased soil erosion and water wastage. At the time Norman Borlaug began the Green Revolution, the US agricultural science establishment and agribusiness industries supported him, because it allowed their industries to grow around the world as dependency on their patented seeds and herbicides increased. Today, CIMMYT still relies on these private companies for seeds and herbicides, such as StrigAway. Main donors include Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the CGIAR, World Bank (through cross-cutting, theme and project-based CGIAR funding), Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, and the national governments of Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Switzerland and the United States. Historically, CIMMYT received funding from the European Commission and the Rockefeller Foundation. Notable scientists include a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. Norman Borlaug (1970) CIMMYT wheat breeder. Borlaug later established the World Food Prize in 1986 and three recipients of the World Food Prize, Evangelina Villegas and Surinder Vasal received the World Food Prize in 2000; and Sanjaya Rajaram in 2014."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Norman Borlaug criticized?", "answer": {"text": "Borlaug's name is nearly synonymous with the Green Revolution, against which many criticisms have been mounted over the decades by environmentalists and some nutritionalists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf12747c8dfa41edb7392f6b7f193522_0_q#2", "question": "What did his critics say?", "rewrite": "What did Norman Borlaug's critics say?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Borlaug's obituarist, Christopher Reed argued in an interview with The Guardian from 2014 that although his Green Revolution and high-yielding agricultural techniques averted poverty in the short term, in the long time they might have added to it. Critics of the CIMMYT argue that it is important to consider the social and ecological changes that the green revolution, and subsequently the CIMMYT, create for local farmers. A dependency on expensive 'high-yielding' seeds that demand expensive fertilizers has pushed local farmers who cannot afford them out of the market, causing further social inequalities. The seeds, which require a lot of water, has also increased soil erosion and water wastage. At the time Norman Borlaug began the Green Revolution, the US agricultural science establishment and agribusiness industries supported him, because it allowed their industries to grow around the world as dependency on their patented seeds and herbicides increased. Today, CIMMYT still relies on these private companies for seeds and herbicides, such as StrigAway. Main donors include Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the CGIAR, World Bank (through cross-cutting, theme and project-based CGIAR funding), Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, and the national governments of Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Switzerland and the United States. Historically, CIMMYT received funding from the European Commission and the Rockefeller Foundation. Notable scientists include a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, Dr. Norman Borlaug (1970) CIMMYT wheat breeder. Borlaug later established the World Food Prize in 1986 and three recipients of the World Food Prize, Evangelina Villegas and Surinder Vasal received the World Food Prize in 2000; and Sanjaya Rajaram in 2014.", "World Food Prize The World Food Prize is an international award recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. Since 1987, the prize has been awarded annually to recognize contributions in any field involved in the world food supply: food and agriculture science and technology, manufacturing, marketing, nutrition, economics, poverty alleviation, political leadership, and the social sciences. The World Food Prize Foundation is currently run by Kenneth M. Quinn, former U.S. Ambassador to Cambodia. Conceived by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug, the prize emphasizes the importance of a nutritious and sustainable food supply for all people. Borlaug saw the prize as a means of establishing role models who would inspire others. In 1985, Borlaug met with the chief executive of General Foods Corporation, James Fergusen. Norman Borlaug presented his long-standing desire for the establishment of a major prize for agriculture. The idea of a prize was met favorably by the Senior General Foods Management, but they expanded the scope of the prize to include all of the links of the food chain - from farm to table. General Foods Corporation organized a prize management structure and in 1986 announced the founding of the General Foods World Food Prize. This prize was funded solely by the General Foods Fund for the first four years of its existence and partially funded by the General Foods Fund and other contributors in the fifth year. Since 1990, the World Food Prize has been sponsored by businessman and philanthropist, John Ruan. Laureates are honored and officially awarded their prize in Des Moines, Iowa, in a televised award ceremony held in the House Chamber of the Iowa State Capitol. The Award Ceremony coincides with the Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, known as the Borlaug Dialogue, which addresses an issue related to hunger and food security each year.", "Norman Borlaug (Victor)  Norman Borlaug, or Dr. Norman E. Borlaug, is a bronze sculpture depicting the American agronomist and humanitarian of the same name by Benjamin Victor, installed in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was donated by the U.S. state of Iowa in 2014, and replaced one depicting James Harlan, which the state had gifted in 1910.", "Borlaug Dialogue The Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, commonly known as the Borlaug Dialogue, is an annual international symposium tackling the topic of \"global food security\" organized by The World Food Prize Foundation. Past symposia have focused on the promises and challenges presented by biofuels for global development, the dual challenges of malnutrition and obesity, water insecurity and its impact on development and stability in the Middle East, and the possibility of replicating the Green Revolution. The 2014 \"Borlaug Dialogue\" was held on October 15\u201317, 2014 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of founder Dr. Norman Borlaug's birth. 2014 Discussion topics ranged from: Notable speakers included:  An annual US $10,000 award endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation which is presented during the symposium by the World Food Prize Foundation to recognise \u201cresearchers under 40 who emulate the scientific innovation and dedication to food security of Dr. Norman Borlaug\". Recipients: Source: World Food Prize", "These findings can also be used for other staple plants in the rose family such as peaches, almonds, apples, raspberries, and blackberries, and contribute to a growing list of compounds that can be used in the future to produce more flavorful foods without using as much sugar. Folta's research can be used to produce more flavorful and aromatic strawberries using conventional breeding techniques, without the use of genetic modification. Folta has formal training in communication and has been recognized for his skill by scholarly institutions. He uses his experience to provide workshops to teach scientists and farmers how to communicate science effectively, and engages with the public through outreach programs, the internet, and other means. \"Nature Biotechnology\" described Folta as \"a gifted communicator\u2014one of the rare scientists who has engaged the public, with over 12 years experience behind him. Not someone who merely discusses public engagement; but someone who actually communicates directly with non-expert audiences\u2014at science fairs, in schools, at retirement homes, in blogs and podcasts.\" In 2016, Folta was awarded the Borlaug CAST Communication Award by the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST), named after fellow agricultural biologist and 1970 Nobel Peace Prize winner Norman Borlaug. CAST cited Folta's ability to focus on \"clear, credible information\" and his use of multiple venues to engage the public, in addition to his communication workshops for scientists and farmers. Julie Borlaug, daughter of Norman Borlaug, added, \"[Folta] has not shied away from controversial subjects and has often been the number one target of the anti-science movement on behalf of all of us who support biotechnology.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Norman Borlaug criticized?", "answer": {"text": "Borlaug's name is nearly synonymous with the Green Revolution, against which many criticisms have been mounted over the decades by environmentalists and some nutritionalists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a criticism of an environmentalist?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf12747c8dfa41edb7392f6b7f193522_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from his criticism is there any other interesting aspects about this article about Borlaug?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Borlaug Award The Borlaug Award is an award recognition conferred by a fertilizer company, Coromandel International, for outstanding Indian scientists for their research and contributions in the field of agriculture and environment. The award was created in 1972 and named in honour of Nobel Laureate Norman E. Borlaug. It carries a cash prize of Rs 500,000, a gold medal, and a citation. The award should not be confused with the IFA Norman Borlaug Award of the International Fertilizer Industry Association or the Borlaug Award for Field Research given by the World Food Prize Foundation.", "Borlaug Dialogue The Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, commonly known as the Borlaug Dialogue, is an annual international symposium tackling the topic of \"global food security\" organized by The World Food Prize Foundation. Past symposia have focused on the promises and challenges presented by biofuels for global development, the dual challenges of malnutrition and obesity, water insecurity and its impact on development and stability in the Middle East, and the possibility of replicating the Green Revolution. The 2014 \"Borlaug Dialogue\" was held on October 15\u201317, 2014 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of founder Dr. Norman Borlaug's birth. 2014 Discussion topics ranged from: Notable speakers included:  An annual US $10,000 award endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation which is presented during the symposium by the World Food Prize Foundation to recognise \u201cresearchers under 40 who emulate the scientific innovation and dedication to food security of Dr. Norman Borlaug\". Recipients: Source: World Food Prize", "Elvin C. Stakman  Elvin Charles Stakman (May 17, 1885 \u2013 January 22, 1979) was an American plant pathologist who was a pioneer of methods of identifying and combatting disease in wheat. Stakman was the advisor for Margaret Newton, who completed her Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) studies in 1922, who became an internationally renowned phytopathologist in the study of stem rust. Stakman married the plant pathologist Estelle Louise Jensen in 1917. He also had a major hand in influencing Norman Borlaug to pursue a career in phytopathology. In 1938, in a speech entitled \"These Shifty Little Enemies that Destroy our Food Crops\", Stakman discussed the manifestation of the plant disease rust, a parasitic fungus that feeds on phytonutrients, in wheat, oat and barley crops across the US. He had discovered that special plant breeding methods created plants resistant to rust. His research greatly interested Borlaug, and when Borlaug's job at the Forest Service was eliminated due to budget cuts, he asked Stakman if he should go into forest pathology. Stakman advised him to focus on plant pathology instead, and Borlaug subsequently re-enrolled to the University of Minnesota to study plant pathology under Stakman. Borlaug went on to discover varieties of dwarf wheat that helped reduce famine in India, Pakistan, and other countries, and received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in 1970. Stakman died in 1979 of a stroke. In Stakman's honor, Stakman Hall was named for him on the University of Minnesota's St. Paul campus, providing space for Plant Pathology and related fields.", "Initially, Borlaug's work had been concentrated in the central highlands, in the village of Chapingo near Texcoco, where the problems with rust and poor soil were most prevalent. He realized that he could speed up breeding by taking advantage of the country's two growing seasons. In the summer he would breed wheat in the central highlands as usual, then immediately take the seeds north to the Yaqui Valley research station near Ciudad Obregon, Sonora. The difference in altitudes and temperatures would allow more crops to be grown each year. Borlaug's boss, George Harrar, was against this expansion. Besides the extra costs of doubling the work, Borlaug's plan went against a then-held principle of agronomy that has since been disproved. It was believed that to store energy for germination before being planted, seeds needed a rest period after harvesting. When Harrar vetoed his plan, Borlaug resigned. Elvin Stakman, who was visiting the project, calmed the situation, talking Borlaug into withdrawing his resignation and Harrar into allowing the double wheat season. As of 1945, wheat would then be bred at locations 700 miles (1000 km) apart, 10 degrees apart in latitude, and 8500 feet (2600 m) apart in altitude. This was called \"shuttle breeding\". As an unexpected benefit of the double wheat season, the new breeds did not have problems with photoperiodism. Normally, wheat varieties cannot adapt to new environments, due to the changing periods of sunlight. Borlaug later recalled, \"As it worked out, in the north, we were planting when the days were getting shorter, at low elevation and high temperature.", "World Food Prize The World Food Prize is an international award recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. Since 1987, the prize has been awarded annually to recognize contributions in any field involved in the world food supply: food and agriculture science and technology, manufacturing, marketing, nutrition, economics, poverty alleviation, political leadership, and the social sciences. The World Food Prize Foundation is currently run by Kenneth M. Quinn, former U.S. Ambassador to Cambodia. Conceived by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug, the prize emphasizes the importance of a nutritious and sustainable food supply for all people. Borlaug saw the prize as a means of establishing role models who would inspire others. In 1985, Borlaug met with the chief executive of General Foods Corporation, James Fergusen. Norman Borlaug presented his long-standing desire for the establishment of a major prize for agriculture. The idea of a prize was met favorably by the Senior General Foods Management, but they expanded the scope of the prize to include all of the links of the food chain - from farm to table. General Foods Corporation organized a prize management structure and in 1986 announced the founding of the General Foods World Food Prize. This prize was funded solely by the General Foods Fund for the first four years of its existence and partially funded by the General Foods Fund and other contributors in the fifth year. Since 1990, the World Food Prize has been sponsored by businessman and philanthropist, John Ruan. Laureates are honored and officially awarded their prize in Des Moines, Iowa, in a televised award ceremony held in the House Chamber of the Iowa State Capitol. The Award Ceremony coincides with the Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, known as the Borlaug Dialogue, which addresses an issue related to hunger and food security each year."], "answer": {"text": "He stated that his work has been \"a change in the right direction, but it has not transformed the world into a Utopia\".", "answer_start": 1412}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Norman Borlaug criticized?", "answer": {"text": "Borlaug's name is nearly synonymous with the Green Revolution, against which many criticisms have been mounted over the decades by environmentalists and some nutritionalists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a criticism of an environmentalist?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his critics say?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf12747c8dfa41edb7392f6b7f193522_0_q#4", "question": "When did Borlaug state this?", "rewrite": "When did Borlaug state his comments about Utopia?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Elvin C. Stakman  Elvin Charles Stakman (May 17, 1885 \u2013 January 22, 1979) was an American plant pathologist who was a pioneer of methods of identifying and combatting disease in wheat. Stakman was the advisor for Margaret Newton, who completed her Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) studies in 1922, who became an internationally renowned phytopathologist in the study of stem rust. Stakman married the plant pathologist Estelle Louise Jensen in 1917. He also had a major hand in influencing Norman Borlaug to pursue a career in phytopathology. In 1938, in a speech entitled \"These Shifty Little Enemies that Destroy our Food Crops\", Stakman discussed the manifestation of the plant disease rust, a parasitic fungus that feeds on phytonutrients, in wheat, oat and barley crops across the US. He had discovered that special plant breeding methods created plants resistant to rust. His research greatly interested Borlaug, and when Borlaug's job at the Forest Service was eliminated due to budget cuts, he asked Stakman if he should go into forest pathology. Stakman advised him to focus on plant pathology instead, and Borlaug subsequently re-enrolled to the University of Minnesota to study plant pathology under Stakman. Borlaug went on to discover varieties of dwarf wheat that helped reduce famine in India, Pakistan, and other countries, and received the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in 1970. Stakman died in 1979 of a stroke. In Stakman's honor, Stakman Hall was named for him on the University of Minnesota's St. Paul campus, providing space for Plant Pathology and related fields.", "Initially, Borlaug's work had been concentrated in the central highlands, in the village of Chapingo near Texcoco, where the problems with rust and poor soil were most prevalent. He realized that he could speed up breeding by taking advantage of the country's two growing seasons. In the summer he would breed wheat in the central highlands as usual, then immediately take the seeds north to the Yaqui Valley research station near Ciudad Obregon, Sonora. The difference in altitudes and temperatures would allow more crops to be grown each year. Borlaug's boss, George Harrar, was against this expansion. Besides the extra costs of doubling the work, Borlaug's plan went against a then-held principle of agronomy that has since been disproved. It was believed that to store energy for germination before being planted, seeds needed a rest period after harvesting. When Harrar vetoed his plan, Borlaug resigned. Elvin Stakman, who was visiting the project, calmed the situation, talking Borlaug into withdrawing his resignation and Harrar into allowing the double wheat season. As of 1945, wheat would then be bred at locations 700 miles (1000 km) apart, 10 degrees apart in latitude, and 8500 feet (2600 m) apart in altitude. This was called \"shuttle breeding\". As an unexpected benefit of the double wheat season, the new breeds did not have problems with photoperiodism. Normally, wheat varieties cannot adapt to new environments, due to the changing periods of sunlight. Borlaug later recalled, \"As it worked out, in the north, we were planting when the days were getting shorter, at low elevation and high temperature.", "Borlaug's name is nearly synonymous with the Green Revolution, against which many criticisms have been mounted over the decades by environmentalists and some nutritionalists. Throughout his years of research, Borlaug's programs often faced opposition by people who consider genetic crossbreeding to be unnatural or to have negative effects. Borlaug's work has been criticized for bringing large-scale monoculture, input-intensive farming techniques to countries that had previously relied on subsistence farming. These farming techniques often reap large profits for U.S. agribusiness and agrochemical corporations and have been criticized for widening social inequality in the countries owing to uneven food distribution while forcing a capitalist agenda of U.S. corporations onto countries that had undergone land reform. Other concerns of his critics and critics of biotechnology in general include: that the construction of roads in populated third-world areas could lead to the destruction of wilderness; the crossing of genetic barriers; the inability of crops to fulfill all nutritional requirements; the decreased biodiversity from planting a small number of varieties; the environmental and economic effects of inorganic fertilizer and pesticides; the amount of herbicide sprayed on fields of herbicide-resistant crops. Borlaug dismissed most claims of critics, but did take certain concerns seriously. He stated that his work has been \"a change in the right direction, but it has not transformed the world into a Utopia\". Of environmental lobbyists he stated, \"some of the environmental lobbyists of the Western nations are the salt of the earth, but many of them are elitists. They've never experienced the physical sensation of hunger. They do their lobbying from comfortable office suites in Washington or Brussels.", "World Food Prize The World Food Prize is an international award recognizing the achievements of individuals who have advanced human development by improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world. Since 1987, the prize has been awarded annually to recognize contributions in any field involved in the world food supply: food and agriculture science and technology, manufacturing, marketing, nutrition, economics, poverty alleviation, political leadership, and the social sciences. The World Food Prize Foundation is currently run by Kenneth M. Quinn, former U.S. Ambassador to Cambodia. Conceived by Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug, the prize emphasizes the importance of a nutritious and sustainable food supply for all people. Borlaug saw the prize as a means of establishing role models who would inspire others. In 1985, Borlaug met with the chief executive of General Foods Corporation, James Fergusen. Norman Borlaug presented his long-standing desire for the establishment of a major prize for agriculture. The idea of a prize was met favorably by the Senior General Foods Management, but they expanded the scope of the prize to include all of the links of the food chain - from farm to table. General Foods Corporation organized a prize management structure and in 1986 announced the founding of the General Foods World Food Prize. This prize was funded solely by the General Foods Fund for the first four years of its existence and partially funded by the General Foods Fund and other contributors in the fifth year. Since 1990, the World Food Prize has been sponsored by businessman and philanthropist, John Ruan. Laureates are honored and officially awarded their prize in Des Moines, Iowa, in a televised award ceremony held in the House Chamber of the Iowa State Capitol. The Award Ceremony coincides with the Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, known as the Borlaug Dialogue, which addresses an issue related to hunger and food security each year.", "Borlaug Dialogue The Norman E. Borlaug International Symposium, commonly known as the Borlaug Dialogue, is an annual international symposium tackling the topic of \"global food security\" organized by The World Food Prize Foundation. Past symposia have focused on the promises and challenges presented by biofuels for global development, the dual challenges of malnutrition and obesity, water insecurity and its impact on development and stability in the Middle East, and the possibility of replicating the Green Revolution. The 2014 \"Borlaug Dialogue\" was held on October 15\u201317, 2014 to coincide with the 100th anniversary of founder Dr. Norman Borlaug's birth. 2014 Discussion topics ranged from: Notable speakers included:  An annual US $10,000 award endowed by the Rockefeller Foundation which is presented during the symposium by the World Food Prize Foundation to recognise \u201cresearchers under 40 who emulate the scientific innovation and dedication to food security of Dr. Norman Borlaug\". Recipients: Source: World Food Prize"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why was Norman Borlaug criticized?", "answer": {"text": "Borlaug's name is nearly synonymous with the Green Revolution, against which many criticisms have been mounted over the decades by environmentalists and some nutritionalists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a criticism of an environmentalist?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his critics say?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He stated that his work has been \"a change in the right direction, but it has not transformed the world into a Utopia\".", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#0", "question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "rewrite": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first.", "Lyn was a senior tutor at the CMAA Academy of Country Music for a number of years, having been a graduate of the inaugural Country Music College (as it was then called) in 1997. In 2015 Bowtell was appointed Artistic Director of the CMAA Academy of Country Music. Lyns latest musical project is an Australian Country Music 'Supergroup' with fellow artists Kevin Bennett and Felicity Urquhart. 'Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart' released their Debut self-titled Album at Tamworth Country Music Festival in January 2016, followed by their second album 'Weeds' in September 2018. Singles   Singles   Singles    Singles    Singles    Singles Bowtell is a Toyota Star Maker winner Mo Award winner a 2013 APRA Song of The Year finalist ('Beautiful Liar') and was nominated for three Golden Guitars in the 2015 Country Music Awards of Australia in the Best Female Artist, Vocal Collaboration of the Year, and Best Alternative Album of the Year categories for her latest release \u2018Heart of Sorrow\u2019 winning the Golden Guitar for Best Alternative Country Album 2015. Lyn also won two previous Golden Guitars in 2004 ('Tumblin' Down' - J.Salley) and 2005 ('About a Girl' - L.Bowtell ) with her former band Bella. Lyn won the 2016 ICMA Video Award for her video clip for 'Heart of Sorrow' at Tamworth Country Music Festival 2016 Lyn was nominated for 7 Golden Guitars in the 2017 CMAA Golden Guitar Awards, 5 with her Roots/Country group Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart and 2 for collaborations with Adam Harvey , and with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole,winning Best Group or Duo and Best Alternative Album with Bennett,Bowtell & Urquhart and Vocal Collaboration with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards."], "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#1", "question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "rewrite": "Did Beccy Cole have any highly rated singles?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first.", "Lyn was a senior tutor at the CMAA Academy of Country Music for a number of years, having been a graduate of the inaugural Country Music College (as it was then called) in 1997. In 2015 Bowtell was appointed Artistic Director of the CMAA Academy of Country Music. Lyns latest musical project is an Australian Country Music 'Supergroup' with fellow artists Kevin Bennett and Felicity Urquhart. 'Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart' released their Debut self-titled Album at Tamworth Country Music Festival in January 2016, followed by their second album 'Weeds' in September 2018. Singles   Singles   Singles    Singles    Singles    Singles Bowtell is a Toyota Star Maker winner Mo Award winner a 2013 APRA Song of The Year finalist ('Beautiful Liar') and was nominated for three Golden Guitars in the 2015 Country Music Awards of Australia in the Best Female Artist, Vocal Collaboration of the Year, and Best Alternative Album of the Year categories for her latest release \u2018Heart of Sorrow\u2019 winning the Golden Guitar for Best Alternative Country Album 2015. Lyn also won two previous Golden Guitars in 2004 ('Tumblin' Down' - J.Salley) and 2005 ('About a Girl' - L.Bowtell ) with her former band Bella. Lyn won the 2016 ICMA Video Award for her video clip for 'Heart of Sorrow' at Tamworth Country Music Festival 2016 Lyn was nominated for 7 Golden Guitars in the 2017 CMAA Golden Guitar Awards, 5 with her Roots/Country group Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart and 2 for collaborations with Adam Harvey , and with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole,winning Best Group or Duo and Best Alternative Album with Bennett,Bowtell & Urquhart and Vocal Collaboration with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole.", "Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\""], "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#2", "question": "What did she do in 2003?", "rewrite": "What did Beccy Cole do in 2003?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP.", "Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "After winning Star Maker Lyn toured up and down the East Coast for 3 years with her band Southern Steel (Duncan Toombs - Guitar, Andrew Toombs/Joel Oakhill - Bass, Mik McCartin - Drums) before deciding to make the move to the Central Coast of NSW where the music scene was more vibrant. Southern Steel eventually disbanded in 2001. Lyn went on to pursue a solo career but instead ended up coming together with close friends, Karen O'Shea & Kate Ballantyne to form multi award winning Country/Pop trio Bella. Bella recorded an Ep 'Tumbling Down' in 2003 and an Album 'Gravity' for Sony/BMG winning two CMAA Golden Guitars in 2004 & 2005 for Best Group. After the death of her father Noel in May 2005 and a long struggle with Bella's Record Label over the follow up release to 'Gravity', Lyn took a break from her music career and pursued a Bachelor of Music/Bachelor of Education degree at Newcastle University. In 2011, with her marriage ending in divorce and her studies abandoned Lyn returned to her musical life, joining long time friend Beccy Cole on the road for her 'Pre-Loved', 'Songs and Pictures' and 'Beccys Big Hits' Tours as Rhythm Guitarist, Backing Singer and opening act. Since then Lyn has released two solo albums and an EP, Secret Songs (WJO) in 2012, Heart of Sorrow (Maven/Sony) in 2014 and EP 'Calling You' (Checked Label Services) in 2017. Bowtell has written with Janis Ian, Kim Richey, Gina Jeffreys, Beccy Cole, Rod McCormack, Phil Buckle (Southern Sons), Jerry Salley, Felicity Urquhart, Kevin Bennett, and Jasmine Rae.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\""], "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#3", "question": "Who else was involved in the album's production?", "rewrite": "Besides Beccy Cole, who else was involved in her 2003 album's production?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Great Women of Country Great Women of Country is the studio album by Australian country music singers Melinda Schneider and Beccy Cole. It was released through Universal Music Australia in 7November 2014 and peaked at number 9 on the ARIA Charts. The collection brings together Schneider and Cole\u2019s love of country music. Schneider said she had thought about a tribute album for some time, but the idea to record a joint album was 'a flash of inspiration'. \u201cBoth Beccy and I had always thought about doing an album like this individually \u2026 but I woke up one morning and the idea wouldn\u2019t leave me alone, so I called Beccy and asked: wanna do it together?\u201d Cole said; \u201cThey're timeless, they were old even then! These are some of the songs that I drew from to make my own music, to get to pay tribute to them by recording and performing new versions is a great responsibility but such an honour.\u201d The pair toured the album between November 2014 and March 2015. Ovation Channel said; \"\"Great Women of Country\" is not just a rich legacy of songs, it is the inevitable collaboration of two of Australia\u2019s most accomplished and most experienced country music stars \u2013 singers well equipped to reach back and bring forward music that holds a very special place in people\u2019s hearts.\" \"Great Women of Country\" become Schneider's and Cole\u2019s highest charting and first top ten album on the ARIA Chart.", "Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP."], "answer": {"text": "Cole co-wrote eight of its tracks with Tamara Stewart (aka Tamara Sloper).", "answer_start": 1495}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2003?", "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#4", "question": "Did she and Tamara collaborate on any other projects?", "rewrite": "Besides co-writing eight tracks together, did Beccy Cole and Tamara collaborate on any other projects?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "Great Women of Country Great Women of Country is the studio album by Australian country music singers Melinda Schneider and Beccy Cole. It was released through Universal Music Australia in 7November 2014 and peaked at number 9 on the ARIA Charts. The collection brings together Schneider and Cole\u2019s love of country music. Schneider said she had thought about a tribute album for some time, but the idea to record a joint album was 'a flash of inspiration'. \u201cBoth Beccy and I had always thought about doing an album like this individually \u2026 but I woke up one morning and the idea wouldn\u2019t leave me alone, so I called Beccy and asked: wanna do it together?\u201d Cole said; \u201cThey're timeless, they were old even then! These are some of the songs that I drew from to make my own music, to get to pay tribute to them by recording and performing new versions is a great responsibility but such an honour.\u201d The pair toured the album between November 2014 and March 2015. Ovation Channel said; \"\"Great Women of Country\" is not just a rich legacy of songs, it is the inevitable collaboration of two of Australia\u2019s most accomplished and most experienced country music stars \u2013 singers well equipped to reach back and bring forward music that holds a very special place in people\u2019s hearts.\" \"Great Women of Country\" become Schneider's and Cole\u2019s highest charting and first top ten album on the ARIA Chart."], "answer": {"text": "Capital News described the work as by \"a more mature, more reflective and more confident\" artist.", "answer_start": 1570}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2003?", "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in the album's production?", "answer": {"text": "Cole co-wrote eight of its tracks with Tamara Stewart (aka Tamara Sloper).", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#5", "question": "Did she record other albums during this time period?", "rewrite": "Besides Wild At Heart, did Beccy Cole record other albums during 2001-2005?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lyn was a senior tutor at the CMAA Academy of Country Music for a number of years, having been a graduate of the inaugural Country Music College (as it was then called) in 1997. In 2015 Bowtell was appointed Artistic Director of the CMAA Academy of Country Music. Lyns latest musical project is an Australian Country Music 'Supergroup' with fellow artists Kevin Bennett and Felicity Urquhart. 'Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart' released their Debut self-titled Album at Tamworth Country Music Festival in January 2016, followed by their second album 'Weeds' in September 2018. Singles   Singles   Singles    Singles    Singles    Singles Bowtell is a Toyota Star Maker winner Mo Award winner a 2013 APRA Song of The Year finalist ('Beautiful Liar') and was nominated for three Golden Guitars in the 2015 Country Music Awards of Australia in the Best Female Artist, Vocal Collaboration of the Year, and Best Alternative Album of the Year categories for her latest release \u2018Heart of Sorrow\u2019 winning the Golden Guitar for Best Alternative Country Album 2015. Lyn also won two previous Golden Guitars in 2004 ('Tumblin' Down' - J.Salley) and 2005 ('About a Girl' - L.Bowtell ) with her former band Bella. Lyn won the 2016 ICMA Video Award for her video clip for 'Heart of Sorrow' at Tamworth Country Music Festival 2016 Lyn was nominated for 7 Golden Guitars in the 2017 CMAA Golden Guitar Awards, 5 with her Roots/Country group Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart and 2 for collaborations with Adam Harvey , and with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole,winning Best Group or Duo and Best Alternative Album with Bennett,Bowtell & Urquhart and Vocal Collaboration with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole.", "After winning Star Maker Lyn toured up and down the East Coast for 3 years with her band Southern Steel (Duncan Toombs - Guitar, Andrew Toombs/Joel Oakhill - Bass, Mik McCartin - Drums) before deciding to make the move to the Central Coast of NSW where the music scene was more vibrant. Southern Steel eventually disbanded in 2001. Lyn went on to pursue a solo career but instead ended up coming together with close friends, Karen O'Shea & Kate Ballantyne to form multi award winning Country/Pop trio Bella. Bella recorded an Ep 'Tumbling Down' in 2003 and an Album 'Gravity' for Sony/BMG winning two CMAA Golden Guitars in 2004 & 2005 for Best Group. After the death of her father Noel in May 2005 and a long struggle with Bella's Record Label over the follow up release to 'Gravity', Lyn took a break from her music career and pursued a Bachelor of Music/Bachelor of Education degree at Newcastle University. In 2011, with her marriage ending in divorce and her studies abandoned Lyn returned to her musical life, joining long time friend Beccy Cole on the road for her 'Pre-Loved', 'Songs and Pictures' and 'Beccys Big Hits' Tours as Rhythm Guitarist, Backing Singer and opening act. Since then Lyn has released two solo albums and an EP, Secret Songs (WJO) in 2012, Heart of Sorrow (Maven/Sony) in 2014 and EP 'Calling You' (Checked Label Services) in 2017. Bowtell has written with Janis Ian, Kim Richey, Gina Jeffreys, Beccy Cole, Rod McCormack, Phil Buckle (Southern Sons), Jerry Salley, Felicity Urquhart, Kevin Bennett, and Jasmine Rae.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first."], "answer": {"text": "On 2 August 2004 Cole issued a video album, Just a Girl Singer, which included interviews, live concert footage, music videos and archival footage.", "answer_start": 60}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2003?", "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in the album's production?", "answer": {"text": "Cole co-wrote eight of its tracks with Tamara Stewart (aka Tamara Sloper).", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she and Tamara collaborate on any other projects?", "answer": {"text": "Capital News described the work as by \"a more mature, more reflective and more confident\" artist.", "answer_start": 1570, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#6", "question": "Did she win any awards/honors?", "rewrite": "Did Beccy Cole win any awards/honors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lyn was a senior tutor at the CMAA Academy of Country Music for a number of years, having been a graduate of the inaugural Country Music College (as it was then called) in 1997. In 2015 Bowtell was appointed Artistic Director of the CMAA Academy of Country Music. Lyns latest musical project is an Australian Country Music 'Supergroup' with fellow artists Kevin Bennett and Felicity Urquhart. 'Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart' released their Debut self-titled Album at Tamworth Country Music Festival in January 2016, followed by their second album 'Weeds' in September 2018. Singles   Singles   Singles    Singles    Singles    Singles Bowtell is a Toyota Star Maker winner Mo Award winner a 2013 APRA Song of The Year finalist ('Beautiful Liar') and was nominated for three Golden Guitars in the 2015 Country Music Awards of Australia in the Best Female Artist, Vocal Collaboration of the Year, and Best Alternative Album of the Year categories for her latest release \u2018Heart of Sorrow\u2019 winning the Golden Guitar for Best Alternative Country Album 2015. Lyn also won two previous Golden Guitars in 2004 ('Tumblin' Down' - J.Salley) and 2005 ('About a Girl' - L.Bowtell ) with her former band Bella. Lyn won the 2016 ICMA Video Award for her video clip for 'Heart of Sorrow' at Tamworth Country Music Festival 2016 Lyn was nominated for 7 Golden Guitars in the 2017 CMAA Golden Guitar Awards, 5 with her Roots/Country group Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart and 2 for collaborations with Adam Harvey , and with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole,winning Best Group or Duo and Best Alternative Album with Bennett,Bowtell & Urquhart and Vocal Collaboration with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first."], "answer": {"text": "which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD Chart.", "answer_start": 272}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2003?", "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in the album's production?", "answer": {"text": "Cole co-wrote eight of its tracks with Tamara Stewart (aka Tamara Sloper).", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she and Tamara collaborate on any other projects?", "answer": {"text": "Capital News described the work as by \"a more mature, more reflective and more confident\" artist.", "answer_start": 1570, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she record other albums during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "On 2 August 2004 Cole issued a video album, Just a Girl Singer, which included interviews, live concert footage, music videos and archival footage.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Beccy Cole issuing a video album on 2 August 2004, Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lyn was a senior tutor at the CMAA Academy of Country Music for a number of years, having been a graduate of the inaugural Country Music College (as it was then called) in 1997. In 2015 Bowtell was appointed Artistic Director of the CMAA Academy of Country Music. Lyns latest musical project is an Australian Country Music 'Supergroup' with fellow artists Kevin Bennett and Felicity Urquhart. 'Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart' released their Debut self-titled Album at Tamworth Country Music Festival in January 2016, followed by their second album 'Weeds' in September 2018. Singles   Singles   Singles    Singles    Singles    Singles Bowtell is a Toyota Star Maker winner Mo Award winner a 2013 APRA Song of The Year finalist ('Beautiful Liar') and was nominated for three Golden Guitars in the 2015 Country Music Awards of Australia in the Best Female Artist, Vocal Collaboration of the Year, and Best Alternative Album of the Year categories for her latest release \u2018Heart of Sorrow\u2019 winning the Golden Guitar for Best Alternative Country Album 2015. Lyn also won two previous Golden Guitars in 2004 ('Tumblin' Down' - J.Salley) and 2005 ('About a Girl' - L.Bowtell ) with her former band Bella. Lyn won the 2016 ICMA Video Award for her video clip for 'Heart of Sorrow' at Tamworth Country Music Festival 2016 Lyn was nominated for 7 Golden Guitars in the 2017 CMAA Golden Guitar Awards, 5 with her Roots/Country group Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart and 2 for collaborations with Adam Harvey , and with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole,winning Best Group or Duo and Best Alternative Album with Bennett,Bowtell & Urquhart and Vocal Collaboration with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP.", "Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards."], "answer": {"text": "In the following year, on 11 April, Cole released her next studio album, Feel This Free,", "answer_start": 373}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2003?", "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in the album's production?", "answer": {"text": "Cole co-wrote eight of its tracks with Tamara Stewart (aka Tamara Sloper).", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she and Tamara collaborate on any other projects?", "answer": {"text": "Capital News described the work as by \"a more mature, more reflective and more confident\" artist.", "answer_start": 1570, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she record other albums during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "On 2 August 2004 Cole issued a video album, Just a Girl Singer, which included interviews, live concert footage, music videos and archival footage.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards/honors?", "answer": {"text": "which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD Chart.", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#8", "question": "Was that album well received?", "rewrite": "Was Beccy Cole's video album Just A girl Singer well received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Live @ Lizotte's  Live @ Lizotte's is the first live album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. The album was released in October 2007 and peaked at number 63 on the ARIA Charts in January 2008. A spokesman for her record label said \"The album presents Beccy at her finest; on stage at Lizottes, Beccy performed her most loved songs and some new ones and some unforgettable covers.\" Cole says she came up with the concept of recording a live album was to get some of the stories behinds the songs right. Susan Jarvis from Capital News said; \"Beccy has managed to capture the infectious fun, irreverence, slightly risqu\u00e9 humour and warmth of her live performance and \"bottle\" it \u2014 on her first live album. If you\u2019ve never seen Beccy live, this album really does convey what it's about, and \"Live @ Lizotte's\" is bound to boost her ticket sales. \" adding \"This is everything a live album should be, and more. It's warm and funny, intimate and moving. And it really does make you feel like you\u2019re part of a dynamic live show. \" \"Lifeboats\" was released as a single from the album. The lyrics question feminism and ask in the case of a sinking ship, If women still get to use the lifeboats first.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "Lioness (Beccy Cole album) Lioness is the tenth studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in August 2018 and peaked at number 31 on the ARIA Charts. In an Australian first, Cole procured the talents of some of Australia's finest female musicians to make the only ever 100% female produced album. In an interview with ABC Cole said the album is \"personal\" saying \"\"Lioness\" is a reflection on my marital status. I never used to write love songs, because I didn't identify with them and it took until age 40 to find love properly... and I'm so much better off and a better person because of it\". At the 2019 Australian Independent Awards, \"Lioness\" won Best Independent Country AlbumP.", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "Lyn was a senior tutor at the CMAA Academy of Country Music for a number of years, having been a graduate of the inaugural Country Music College (as it was then called) in 1997. In 2015 Bowtell was appointed Artistic Director of the CMAA Academy of Country Music. Lyns latest musical project is an Australian Country Music 'Supergroup' with fellow artists Kevin Bennett and Felicity Urquhart. 'Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart' released their Debut self-titled Album at Tamworth Country Music Festival in January 2016, followed by their second album 'Weeds' in September 2018. Singles   Singles   Singles    Singles    Singles    Singles Bowtell is a Toyota Star Maker winner Mo Award winner a 2013 APRA Song of The Year finalist ('Beautiful Liar') and was nominated for three Golden Guitars in the 2015 Country Music Awards of Australia in the Best Female Artist, Vocal Collaboration of the Year, and Best Alternative Album of the Year categories for her latest release \u2018Heart of Sorrow\u2019 winning the Golden Guitar for Best Alternative Country Album 2015. Lyn also won two previous Golden Guitars in 2004 ('Tumblin' Down' - J.Salley) and 2005 ('About a Girl' - L.Bowtell ) with her former band Bella. Lyn won the 2016 ICMA Video Award for her video clip for 'Heart of Sorrow' at Tamworth Country Music Festival 2016 Lyn was nominated for 7 Golden Guitars in the 2017 CMAA Golden Guitar Awards, 5 with her Roots/Country group Bennett, Bowtell & Urquhart and 2 for collaborations with Adam Harvey , and with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole,winning Best Group or Duo and Best Alternative Album with Bennett,Bowtell & Urquhart and Vocal Collaboration with Catherine Britt and Beccy Cole."], "answer": {"text": "Feel This Free, which reached the ARIA Albums Chart Top 100 and No. 3 on the ARIA Country Albums Chart.", "answer_start": 446}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2003?", "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in the album's production?", "answer": {"text": "Cole co-wrote eight of its tracks with Tamara Stewart (aka Tamara Sloper).", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she and Tamara collaborate on any other projects?", "answer": {"text": "Capital News described the work as by \"a more mature, more reflective and more confident\" artist.", "answer_start": 1570, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she record other albums during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "On 2 August 2004 Cole issued a video album, Just a Girl Singer, which included interviews, live concert footage, music videos and archival footage.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards/honors?", "answer": {"text": "which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD Chart.", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In the following year, on 11 April, Cole released her next studio album, Feel This Free,", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2b4ab30b5dc94b249168a70c55acd76b_1_q#9", "question": "What other awards did she win?", "rewrite": "Besides peaking at No. 6 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD chart, What other awards did Beccy Cole win?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Life on the Murder Scene  Life on the Murder Scene is a live album by American rock band My Chemical Romance. It was released on March 21, 2006. The release includes three discs (two DVDs and one CD) of the whole history documenting the band from the start to the present. \" Life on the Murder Scene\" is a predominantly live album, but also includes two demo tracks and a previously unreleased track. Models Jamisin Matthews and Jaime Andrews portray the demolition couple in the cover photo, booklet, packaging, DVD art, and DVD menus. The demo of \"Bury Me in Black\" was previously released as a bonus track on the Japanese release of Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge. One DVD documents the band on the road in the form of a diary and the other covers live footage, Sessions@AOL, MTV \"$2 Bill\" performance, and four of their videos with the behind-the-scenes \"Making Of...\" for three of them. The cover features a live version of \"Demolition Lovers II\" (the name of the album cover of \"Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge\"). The album has seen decent success in Australia, peaking at #2 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD Chart, and also in the U.S., peaking at #30 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and #1 on the Heetseekers. \"Life on the Murder Scene\" has been certified 2x platinum by the RIAA indicating shipment of over 200,000 units as it is considered a long-form video. All songs written and composed by My Chemical Romance. My Chemical Romance DVD credits", "Wild at Heart (album) Wild at Heart is the second studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2001 and peaked at number 82 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2003. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2001, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Looking Forward, Looking Back\" by Slim Dusty. Country Music Australia said; \"One of the most truly anticipated releases for some years, the groundswell for Beccy has been growing since her debut self-titled release 4 years ago. During that time thousands have enjoyed her vibrant shows around the country... Now here it is and worth every minute of the wait. Beccy has enlisted many of her friends in the completion of this one, starting with Rod McCormack as producer. \" adding, \"Beccy\u2019s never been in finer voice, and the enjoyment of finally recording just shines through this one... A Bonus track is the recording at the Gympie Muster last year with Darren, Adam and Felicity of Dolly Parton\u2019s \" Do I Ever Cross Your Mind\" which picked up the Golden Guitar for vocal Collaboration this year\" concluding with \"Beccy Cole is a sizeable talent to be reckoned with.\"", "In December 2005 it was accredited with a gold certificate. On 2 August 2004 Cole issued a video album, Just a Girl Singer, which included interviews, live concert footage, music videos and archival footage. The album was written, produced and directed by Lindsay Frazer; which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD Chart. It provided Cole's next single, \"Sorry I Asked\". In the following year, on 11 April, Cole released her next studio album, Feel This Free, which reached the ARIA Albums Chart Top 100 and No. 3 on the ARIA Country Albums Chart. It includes Albeck on violin and fiddle; McCormack on multiple instruments and producing; and Jeffreys and McCormack co-writing tracks with Cole.", "Little Victories (Beccy Cole album) Little Victories is the third studio album by Australian country music singer Beccy Cole. It was released in January 2003 and peaked at number 29 on the ARIA Charts. The album was certified gold in 2005. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, the album was nominated for ARIA Award for Best Country Album, losing out to \"Golden Road\" by Keith Urban. Cole began work on \"Little Victories\" after winning her second Golden Guitar at the 2002 Country Music Awards of Australia. The success of \"Wild at Heart\" had meant the label had increased Cole's budget, which enabled Cole and McCormack to gather renown musicians. Cole and McCormack wrote songs together across Australia, including far North Queensland, where he met Graeme Connors and his wife. The album was released to co-incide with the 2003 Country Music Awards.", "Songbirds (group)  Songbirds (sometimes known as \"Songbirds of Country\") was an Australian country music girl group, formed in 2007 by platinum selling, ARIA Award nominated, and 24 time Golden Guitar winning artists and good friends Beccy Cole, Gina Jeffreys and Sara Storer. The group released a live DVD in 2009, which peaked at number 5 on the ARIA Top 40 Music DVD chart. The DVD was certified gold. The friendship of Cole and Jeffreys dates back to the 1990s they were bridesmaids for each other. Cole said (of Gina) \"We\u2019ll be friends forever; we know too much. Performing with one of your best friends is such a special feeling.\" Cole, Jeffreys and Storer have appeared in each other's live shows and on recordings throughout the 1990s and 2000s. \"Songbirds\" is the brainchild of the girls themselves, where they can share the stage and sing some of their favourite songs. Songbirds was announced in early 2007 initially as a four-show tour in NSW, however it sold out and additional dates added and the trio began touring nationally from July 2007. with a backing band of Albeck on fiddle; Duncan Toombs and James Gillard on acoustic guitars and backing vocals; Mal Lancaster on drums; and Ian Lees on bass guitar. Brett Casben of Australian Stage Online compared the three lead vocalists: \"Storer is possibly the most visibly disparate of the group bringing to her work a touching lyrical earthiness that reflects a \u2018mallee\u2019 heritage ... Cole is the power house of the production and her personal interpretation of the Storer work, ' Buffalo Bill' was a show stopper ... Jeffreys performs in a more reflective style\"."], "answer": {"text": "At the ARIA Music Awards that year it was nominated for Best Country Album.", "answer_start": 1668}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Beccy Cole first achieve commercial success?", "answer": {"text": "Cole's second album, Wild at Heart, was issued on 15 January 2001 by ABC Country and distributed by Universal Music Australia, which peaked at No. 4", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any highly rated singles?", "answer": {"text": "By November 2002 it was re-issued with a five-track bonus disc, including her single, \"Life Goes On\".", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in 2003?", "answer": {"text": "On the End of Year Charts - Country 2003, the album reached No. 18.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was involved in the album's production?", "answer": {"text": "Cole co-wrote eight of its tracks with Tamara Stewart (aka Tamara Sloper).", "answer_start": 1495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she and Tamara collaborate on any other projects?", "answer": {"text": "Capital News described the work as by \"a more mature, more reflective and more confident\" artist.", "answer_start": 1570, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she record other albums during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "On 2 August 2004 Cole issued a video album, Just a Girl Singer, which included interviews, live concert footage, music videos and archival footage.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards/honors?", "answer": {"text": "which peaked at No. 6 on the ARIA Top 40 DVD Chart.", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In the following year, on 11 April, Cole released her next studio album, Feel This Free,", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was that album well received?", "answer": {"text": "Feel This Free, which reached the ARIA Albums Chart Top 100 and No. 3 on the ARIA Country Albums Chart.", "answer_start": 446, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#0", "question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "rewrite": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters.", "Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago.", "1967 Wimbledon Championships The 1967 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1967. It was the 81st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1967. John Newcombe and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. The first colour television broadcast in the UK, as well as in Europe, took place on 1 July 1967, the first Saturday of the Championships, when, starting at 2pm, four hours of live coverage of the Championships was shown on BBC2 presented by David Vine and with commentary from Keith Fordyce. The first match broadcast in colour was Cliff Drysdale against Roger Taylor and was played on the Centre Court. Additional colour broadcasts were made during the afternoons of the following week as well as 30 minute highlight programmes shown each evening. John Newcombe defeated Wilhelm Bungert, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Billie Jean King defeated Ann Jones, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Roy Emerson / Ken Fletcher, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132    Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King defeated Ken Fletcher / Maria Bueno, 7\u20135, 6\u20132    Manuel Orantes defeated Mike Estep, 6\u20132, 6\u20130    Judith Salom\u00e9 defeated Maria Strandberg, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean.", "Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation."], "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#1", "question": "What happened in the third round of the match?", "rewrite": "What happened in the third round of the match between Billie Jean King and Tanya Harford?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago.", "1967 Wimbledon Championships The 1967 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1967. It was the 81st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1967. John Newcombe and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. The first colour television broadcast in the UK, as well as in Europe, took place on 1 July 1967, the first Saturday of the Championships, when, starting at 2pm, four hours of live coverage of the Championships was shown on BBC2 presented by David Vine and with commentary from Keith Fordyce. The first match broadcast in colour was Cliff Drysdale against Roger Taylor and was played on the Centre Court. Additional colour broadcasts were made during the afternoons of the following week as well as 30 minute highlight programmes shown each evening. John Newcombe defeated Wilhelm Bungert, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Billie Jean King defeated Ann Jones, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Roy Emerson / Ken Fletcher, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132    Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King defeated Ken Fletcher / Maria Bueno, 7\u20135, 6\u20132    Manuel Orantes defeated Mike Estep, 6\u20132, 6\u20130    Judith Salom\u00e9 defeated Maria Strandberg, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean.", "Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation.", "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters."], "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#2", "question": "Did she win or lose the match against Tanya?", "rewrite": "Did Billie Jean King win or lose the match against Tanya Harford?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago.", "Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation.", "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters.", "1967 Wimbledon Championships The 1967 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1967. It was the 81st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1967. John Newcombe and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. The first colour television broadcast in the UK, as well as in Europe, took place on 1 July 1967, the first Saturday of the Championships, when, starting at 2pm, four hours of live coverage of the Championships was shown on BBC2 presented by David Vine and with commentary from Keith Fordyce. The first match broadcast in colour was Cliff Drysdale against Roger Taylor and was played on the Centre Court. Additional colour broadcasts were made during the afternoons of the following week as well as 30 minute highlight programmes shown each evening. John Newcombe defeated Wilhelm Bungert, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Billie Jean King defeated Ann Jones, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Roy Emerson / Ken Fletcher, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132    Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King defeated Ken Fletcher / Maria Bueno, 7\u20135, 6\u20132    Manuel Orantes defeated Mike Estep, 6\u20132, 6\u20130    Judith Salom\u00e9 defeated Maria Strandberg, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean."], "answer": {"text": "\"I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 293}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the third round of the match?", "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#3", "question": "Where else did she play tennis during that time?", "rewrite": "Where else did Billie Jean King play tennis during 1982-1983, besides with Tanya Harford?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago.", "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters.", "Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation.", "1967 Wimbledon Championships The 1967 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1967. It was the 81st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1967. John Newcombe and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. The first colour television broadcast in the UK, as well as in Europe, took place on 1 July 1967, the first Saturday of the Championships, when, starting at 2pm, four hours of live coverage of the Championships was shown on BBC2 presented by David Vine and with commentary from Keith Fordyce. The first match broadcast in colour was Cliff Drysdale against Roger Taylor and was played on the Centre Court. Additional colour broadcasts were made during the afternoons of the following week as well as 30 minute highlight programmes shown each evening. John Newcombe defeated Wilhelm Bungert, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Billie Jean King defeated Ann Jones, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Roy Emerson / Ken Fletcher, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132    Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King defeated Ken Fletcher / Maria Bueno, 7\u20135, 6\u20132    Manuel Orantes defeated Mike Estep, 6\u20132, 6\u20130    Judith Salom\u00e9 defeated Maria Strandberg, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the third round of the match?", "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win or lose the match against Tanya?", "answer": {"text": "\"I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#4", "question": "Did she play at Wimbledon or any other well known events during these years?", "rewrite": "Did Billie Jean King play at Wimbledon or any other well known events in 1982-1983, besides the match with Tanya Harford?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation.", "Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean.", "1967 Wimbledon Championships The 1967 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1967. It was the 81st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1967. John Newcombe and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. The first colour television broadcast in the UK, as well as in Europe, took place on 1 July 1967, the first Saturday of the Championships, when, starting at 2pm, four hours of live coverage of the Championships was shown on BBC2 presented by David Vine and with commentary from Keith Fordyce. The first match broadcast in colour was Cliff Drysdale against Roger Taylor and was played on the Centre Court. Additional colour broadcasts were made during the afternoons of the following week as well as 30 minute highlight programmes shown each evening. John Newcombe defeated Wilhelm Bungert, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Billie Jean King defeated Ann Jones, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Roy Emerson / Ken Fletcher, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132    Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King defeated Ken Fletcher / Maria Bueno, 7\u20135, 6\u20132    Manuel Orantes defeated Mike Estep, 6\u20132, 6\u20130    Judith Salom\u00e9 defeated Maria Strandberg, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago.", "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters."], "answer": {"text": "In 1982, King was 38 years old and the twelfth-seed at Wimbledon.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the third round of the match?", "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win or lose the match against Tanya?", "answer": {"text": "\"I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did she play tennis during that time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#5", "question": "Did she win at Wimbledon?", "rewrite": "Did Billie Jean King win at Wimbledon in 1982?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters.", "Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean.", "1967 Wimbledon Championships The 1967 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1967. It was the 81st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1967. John Newcombe and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. The first colour television broadcast in the UK, as well as in Europe, took place on 1 July 1967, the first Saturday of the Championships, when, starting at 2pm, four hours of live coverage of the Championships was shown on BBC2 presented by David Vine and with commentary from Keith Fordyce. The first match broadcast in colour was Cliff Drysdale against Roger Taylor and was played on the Centre Court. Additional colour broadcasts were made during the afternoons of the following week as well as 30 minute highlight programmes shown each evening. John Newcombe defeated Wilhelm Bungert, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Billie Jean King defeated Ann Jones, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Roy Emerson / Ken Fletcher, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132    Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King defeated Ken Fletcher / Maria Bueno, 7\u20135, 6\u20132    Manuel Orantes defeated Mike Estep, 6\u20132, 6\u20130    Judith Salom\u00e9 defeated Maria Strandberg, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago.", "Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation."], "answer": {"text": "I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the third round of the match?", "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win or lose the match against Tanya?", "answer": {"text": "\"I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did she play tennis during that time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she play at Wimbledon or any other well known events during these years?", "answer": {"text": "In 1982, King was 38 years old and the twelfth-seed at Wimbledon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#6", "question": "Did she play doubles during this time period at all?", "rewrite": "Did Billie Jean King play doubles during 1982-1983 at all?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean.", "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters.", "However, Jones continued to play the occasional UK event and was part of the 1975 Wightman Cup team for Great Britain. In 1977, Jones teamed with Winnie Wooldridge to play doubles at Wimbledon. According to Lance Tingay of \"The Daily Telegraph\" and the \"Daily Mail\" and Bud Collins, Jones was ranked in the world top ten from 1957 through 1963 and from 1965 through 1970, reaching a career high of World No. 2 in those rankings in 1967 and 1969. According to Mark Lewisohn in \"The Complete Beatles Recording Sessions\", on 4 July 1969, The Beatles paused the dubbing session for their song \"Golden Slumbers\" to listen to Jones beat King for the Wimbledon title, live on radio. With the dawn of the open era in 1968, Jones joined with King and others to organize the first professional female touring group. In 1970, she was hired by the BBC as a guest commentator and worked with them for over three decades, while occasionally commentating for US TV stations' tennis coverage. Jones was chairwoman of the Women's International Tennis Council and for many years the British team captain for events such as the Federation and Wightman Cups. Over her career, she reached 6 Wimbledon semifinals in addition to her two appearances in the final: in 1958, beating Maria Bueno and losing to defending champion Althea Gibson, 1960, beating Renee Schuurman Haygarth and losing, after nearly winning, to Sandra Reynolds, 1962, beating Billie Jean Moffitt and losing to eventual champion Karen Hantze Susman, 1963, losing to beaten finalist Billie Jean Moffitt, 1966, beating Nancy Richey and losing a titanic struggle to Maria Bueno 3\u20136, 11\u20139, 5\u20137, and 1968, beating Richey and losing, after leading by a set and a break, to holder Billie Jean King.", "Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation.", "Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the third round of the match?", "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win or lose the match against Tanya?", "answer": {"text": "\"I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did she play tennis during that time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she play at Wimbledon or any other well known events during these years?", "answer": {"text": "In 1982, King was 38 years old and the twelfth-seed at Wimbledon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win at Wimbledon?", "answer": {"text": "I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6202770b38543dbbbddda2f5f8139f3_0_q#7", "question": "What was the score at Wimbledon?", "rewrite": "What was Billie Jean King's score at Wimbledon in 1982?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry King (tennis) Larry King (born January 30, 1945) is an American attorney, real estate broker, promoter, bridge player, one of the founders of World Team Tennis, and the ex-husband of former World No. 1 professional tennis player Billie Jean King. King was born in Dayton, Ohio and raised in Eagle Rock, California. He met Billie Jean Moffitt at California State University, Los Angeles in 1963, when he played on one of the school\u2019s best men's tennis teams, coached by Scotty Deeds. He married Billie Jean on September 17, 1965 in Long Beach, California. In 1971, Larry King conceived the idea of a professional tennis tour for women and helped organize a group of nine (the Original Nine) top women players: Billie Jean King, Rosie Casals, Judy Dalton, Julie Heldman, Kerry Melville, Peaches Bartkowicz. Kristy Pigeon, Nancy Richey, and Valerie Ziegenfuss. He obtained the backing of Gladys Heldman of World Tennis Magazine and Joe Cullman, CEO of Philip Morris, and the Virginia Slims pro circuit was started. In 1973, along with Dennis Murphy, Jordan Kaiser and Fred Barman, King developed the concept of World Team Tennis, and started the league the following year. Also in 1971, Billie had an abortion that was made public in a \"Ms.\" magazine article. Larry had revealed Billie Jean's abortion without consulting her. In 1976, King invented a smokeless ashtray, called The Clean Air King. Billie Jean became the major owner of World Team Tennis in 1984. Larry and Billie Jean King divorced in 1987. When Larry and Billie Jean lived in San Mateo, California, they became good friends with Charles Schulz, creator of the comic strip \"Peanuts\", and with his wife, Jean.", "Women's Sports Foundation The Women's Sports Foundation (WSF) is an 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit charity focused on female involvement in sports. Founded in 1974 by tennis player Billie Jean King and initially supported by Olympic athletes Donna de Varona and Suzy Chaffee, its stated mission statement is \"To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity.\" The Women's Sports Foundation was legally set up in 1974 by Billie Jean King, her business manager Jim Jorgensen, and her then-husband Larry King. The Foundation was originally supported by Olympic medalist Donna de Varona and Olympic skier Suzy Chaffee. In 1972 and in 1973 Billie Jean was awarded the Bob Hope Calvalcade of Sports for the \"Outstanding Female Athlete of the Year\". In 1974, she donated her winnings of $5,000 to incorporate the Women's Sports Foundation. Simultaneously, she started a new magazine titled \"womenSports\". The WSF began its multi-sport emphasis at the 1975 ABC TV show Women\u2019s Superstars which was held at the Houston Astrodome. It was there that Donna de Varona working as an ABC Billie Jean King invited the women athlete contestants to join in on the effort. For ten years, from 1976 to 1986, under the direction of Executive Director, Eva Auchincloss and Associate Director Holly Turner and the Chairwoman Billie Jean King, the Board of Trustees was expanded to include Olympian Peggy Fleming, Peanuts creator Charles M. Schulz, and Vice-President of Bristol-Myers Marvin Koslow, David Foster, CEO of Colgate Palmolive. In 1979, Donna de Varona was appointed the first president of the Foundation.", "Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative The Billie Jean King Leadership Initiative (BJKLI) is a leadership and diversity Nonprofit organization, founded by Billie Jean King in 2014. The BJKLI was created to address the critical issues required to achieve inclusive leadership that will lead to significant changes in how women and men operate in the world. Billie Jean King\u2019s life has been dedicated to fighting injustice and discrimination worldwide. Billie Jean is a shining example of a woman who possessed the innate dedication and determination to achieve goals, break boundaries and crush stereotypes on her path to becoming one of the world\u2019s most celebrated athletes. Nearly four decades ago, she embarked on a journey of equality and respect for women in sports. Today, Billie Jean is embarking on a new phase of her journey of inclusion with an understanding and direction no less profound than her actions of 40 years ago.", "1967 Wimbledon Championships The 1967 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament was held from Monday 26 June until Saturday 8 July 1967. It was the 81st staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1967. John Newcombe and Billie Jean King won the singles titles. The first colour television broadcast in the UK, as well as in Europe, took place on 1 July 1967, the first Saturday of the Championships, when, starting at 2pm, four hours of live coverage of the Championships was shown on BBC2 presented by David Vine and with commentary from Keith Fordyce. The first match broadcast in colour was Cliff Drysdale against Roger Taylor and was played on the Centre Court. Additional colour broadcasts were made during the afternoons of the following week as well as 30 minute highlight programmes shown each evening. John Newcombe defeated Wilhelm Bungert, 6\u20133, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Billie Jean King defeated Ann Jones, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Bob Hewitt / Frew McMillan defeated Roy Emerson / Ken Fletcher, 6\u20132, 6\u20133, 6\u20134    Rosie Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Maria Bueno / Nancy Richey, 9\u201311, 6\u20134, 6\u20132    Owen Davidson / Billie Jean King defeated Ken Fletcher / Maria Bueno, 7\u20135, 6\u20132    Manuel Orantes defeated Mike Estep, 6\u20132, 6\u20130    Judith Salom\u00e9 defeated Maria Strandberg, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "2009 Billie Jean King Cup March 2, 2009, marked the inaugural year of the Billie Jean King Cup and the first time women's tennis had been played at Madison Square Garden since 2000, when the year-ending Chase Championships were held there. Broadcast internationally on HBO, the event featured 2008 US Open Champion Serena Williams, 2008 Wimbledon Champion Venus Williams, 2008 French Open Champion Ana Ivanovic and 2008 year end world No. 1 ranked player Jelena Jankovi\u0107, who filled in as a wild card for the injured 2008 Australian Open Champion Maria Sharapova. Serena Williams won her semifinal match against Ana Ivanovic 6\u20133, and Venus Williams won hers 6\u20134 against Jelena Jankovi\u0107. The final was won by Serena 6\u20134, 6\u20133. Between the semifinals and final a tribute was paid to tennis legend and pioneer Billie Jean King. The tribute featured a speech by former president Bill Clinton, and appearances by figure skaters Sarah Hughes and Nancy Kerrigan, race car driver Janet Guthrie, Billie Jean King's long time double's partner Rosie Casals and other prominent women in sports. A portion of the proceeds from the 2009 event benefited the Dream Vaccines Foundation and the Women's Sports Foundation. The 2009 Billie Jean King Cup was questioned by some for the element of spectacle and prize money at the event. Attendance of the event was described as \"so-so\" (though inclement weather was cited as a valid factor). The semifinal matches, because of their brevity due to the scoring structure, were criticized as being played \"largely with something like a clock-puncher's resignation\". The final match between Venus and Serena Williams, however, was considered more engaging, as another match in the continuing rivalry between the Williams sisters."], "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Billie Jean King still playing Tennis in 1982 and 1983?", "answer": {"text": "In her third round match with Tanya Harford of South Africa,", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the third round of the match?", "answer": {"text": "King was down 7-5, 5-4 (40-0) before saving three match points to win the second set 7-6(2) and then the third set 6-3.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win or lose the match against Tanya?", "answer": {"text": "\"I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 293, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where else did she play tennis during that time?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she play at Wimbledon or any other well known events during these years?", "answer": {"text": "In 1982, King was 38 years old and the twelfth-seed at Wimbledon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win at Wimbledon?", "answer": {"text": "I can't recall the previous time I have been so close to defeat and won.", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she play doubles during this time period at all?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c46031891449489cab288e956ef5fb5e_1_q#0", "question": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "rewrite": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to exploit racism to win the majority. Highly respected in Japan for his call for peace and reconciliation with post-war Japan at the Peace Conference in San Francisco in 1951, a statue of Jayewardene was erected at the Kamakura Temple in the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan in his honor. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Vaijantha  Vaijantha, was the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene former President of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Today it houses the J.R. Jayewardene Centre It was built by Jayewardene's father Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon. J. R. Jayewardene and his wife Elina moved into their own house Braemar in 1938. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Memorial Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at Vaijantha. It serves as the archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC (Sinhala: \u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0da9\u0dca \u0da2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1; 11 June 1874 \u2013 23 November 1932) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge, lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and is the father of J R Jayewardene the first executive President of Sri Lanka. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College Colombo. In 1897 he served as the acting Private Secretary to Justice Granier before leaving for England for his studies in law. After being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1908, he returned to Ceylon and started a legal career. He was the President of the Law Students\u2019 Union. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force as Second Lieutenant and later made Captain. Serving as an acting District Judge (1910\u20131911) and later a Police Magistrate, he became the Commissioner of Requests in 1916 and was a member of the Legal Council of Education. In 1920, he became a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. In May 1928, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and took a leading role in the revision and comparison of the new Criminal Procedure Code. In 1905, Jayewardene married Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Muhandiram Tudugalage Don Philip Wijewardene and sister of the D. R. Wijewardena. They had nine children, most notable of whom were J R Jayewardene and Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC. His brother Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate.", "Hector Alfred Jayewardene Hector Alfred Wijesinghe Jayewardene (22 July 1870 \u2013 16 October 1913) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) lawyer and politician. He was one of the prominent lawyers of his time, he was active in the political movement in Ceylon. He was an elected member of the Colombo Municipal Council for twenty years. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His younger brothers included Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate, John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who became Judges of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the St. Benedicts College, Wesley College and at the Royal College, Colombo and become a Proctor in 1893. In 1895 he was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council from the New Bazaar ward and held the post till his death. He was instrumental in Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan winning the election for the seat of educated Ceylonese in the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first political election in the island. His nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene Justice John Adrian St. Valentine W. Jayewardene (1877\u20131927) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His brothers included Hector Alfred Jayewardene who was an advocate and member of the Colombo Municipal Council, Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who also became a Judge of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, becoming a Barrister. In 1901 he returned to Ceylon and began his practice as an Advocate. From 1922 to 1924 he served as the District Judge of Colombo and in 1923 was appointed acting Puisne Justice thereafter confirmed as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 1906, Jayewardene married Ethel Charlotte Irene, daughter of Mudaliyar Francis William Tillekeratne Dissanayake. His daughter Clodagh Jayasuriya, was elected to parliament and nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka."], "answer": {"text": "Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education.", "answer_start": 536}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c46031891449489cab288e956ef5fb5e_1_q#1", "question": "Was he a good student?", "rewrite": "Was J.R. Jayewardene a good student?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC (Sinhala: \u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0da9\u0dca \u0da2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1; 11 June 1874 \u2013 23 November 1932) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge, lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and is the father of J R Jayewardene the first executive President of Sri Lanka. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College Colombo. In 1897 he served as the acting Private Secretary to Justice Granier before leaving for England for his studies in law. After being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1908, he returned to Ceylon and started a legal career. He was the President of the Law Students\u2019 Union. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force as Second Lieutenant and later made Captain. Serving as an acting District Judge (1910\u20131911) and later a Police Magistrate, he became the Commissioner of Requests in 1916 and was a member of the Legal Council of Education. In 1920, he became a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. In May 1928, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and took a leading role in the revision and comparison of the new Criminal Procedure Code. In 1905, Jayewardene married Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Muhandiram Tudugalage Don Philip Wijewardene and sister of the D. R. Wijewardena. They had nine children, most notable of whom were J R Jayewardene and Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC. His brother Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate.", "Vaijantha  Vaijantha, was the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene former President of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Today it houses the J.R. Jayewardene Centre It was built by Jayewardene's father Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon. J. R. Jayewardene and his wife Elina moved into their own house Braemar in 1938. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Memorial Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at Vaijantha. It serves as the archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to exploit racism to win the majority. Highly respected in Japan for his call for peace and reconciliation with post-war Japan at the Peace Conference in San Francisco in 1951, a statue of Jayewardene was erected at the Kamakura Temple in the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan in his honor. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene Justice John Adrian St. Valentine W. Jayewardene (1877\u20131927) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His brothers included Hector Alfred Jayewardene who was an advocate and member of the Colombo Municipal Council, Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who also became a Judge of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, becoming a Barrister. In 1901 he returned to Ceylon and began his practice as an Advocate. From 1922 to 1924 he served as the District Judge of Colombo and in 1923 was appointed acting Puisne Justice thereafter confirmed as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 1906, Jayewardene married Ethel Charlotte Irene, daughter of Mudaliyar Francis William Tillekeratne Dissanayake. His daughter Clodagh Jayasuriya, was elected to parliament and nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "Hector Alfred Jayewardene Hector Alfred Wijesinghe Jayewardene (22 July 1870 \u2013 16 October 1913) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) lawyer and politician. He was one of the prominent lawyers of his time, he was active in the political movement in Ceylon. He was an elected member of the Colombo Municipal Council for twenty years. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His younger brothers included Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate, John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who became Judges of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the St. Benedicts College, Wesley College and at the Royal College, Colombo and become a Proctor in 1893. In 1895 he was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council from the New Bazaar ward and held the post till his death. He was instrumental in Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan winning the election for the seat of educated Ceylonese in the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first political election in the island. His nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka."], "answer": {"text": "At Royal College he played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925, and captained the rugby team at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (", "answer_start": 692}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "answer": {"text": "Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c46031891449489cab288e956ef5fb5e_1_q#2", "question": "How were his grades?", "rewrite": "How were J.R. Jayewardene's grades?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene Justice John Adrian St. Valentine W. Jayewardene (1877\u20131927) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His brothers included Hector Alfred Jayewardene who was an advocate and member of the Colombo Municipal Council, Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who also became a Judge of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, becoming a Barrister. In 1901 he returned to Ceylon and began his practice as an Advocate. From 1922 to 1924 he served as the District Judge of Colombo and in 1923 was appointed acting Puisne Justice thereafter confirmed as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 1906, Jayewardene married Ethel Charlotte Irene, daughter of Mudaliyar Francis William Tillekeratne Dissanayake. His daughter Clodagh Jayasuriya, was elected to parliament and nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to exploit racism to win the majority. Highly respected in Japan for his call for peace and reconciliation with post-war Japan at the Peace Conference in San Francisco in 1951, a statue of Jayewardene was erected at the Kamakura Temple in the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan in his honor. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC (Sinhala: \u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0da9\u0dca \u0da2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1; 11 June 1874 \u2013 23 November 1932) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge, lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and is the father of J R Jayewardene the first executive President of Sri Lanka. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College Colombo. In 1897 he served as the acting Private Secretary to Justice Granier before leaving for England for his studies in law. After being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1908, he returned to Ceylon and started a legal career. He was the President of the Law Students\u2019 Union. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force as Second Lieutenant and later made Captain. Serving as an acting District Judge (1910\u20131911) and later a Police Magistrate, he became the Commissioner of Requests in 1916 and was a member of the Legal Council of Education. In 1920, he became a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. In May 1928, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and took a leading role in the revision and comparison of the new Criminal Procedure Code. In 1905, Jayewardene married Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Muhandiram Tudugalage Don Philip Wijewardene and sister of the D. R. Wijewardena. They had nine children, most notable of whom were J R Jayewardene and Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC. His brother Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate.", "Vaijantha  Vaijantha, was the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene former President of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Today it houses the J.R. Jayewardene Centre It was built by Jayewardene's father Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon. J. R. Jayewardene and his wife Elina moved into their own house Braemar in 1938. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Memorial Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at Vaijantha. It serves as the archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Hector Alfred Jayewardene Hector Alfred Wijesinghe Jayewardene (22 July 1870 \u2013 16 October 1913) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) lawyer and politician. He was one of the prominent lawyers of his time, he was active in the political movement in Ceylon. He was an elected member of the Colombo Municipal Council for twenty years. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His younger brothers included Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate, John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who became Judges of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the St. Benedicts College, Wesley College and at the Royal College, Colombo and become a Proctor in 1893. In 1895 he was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council from the New Bazaar ward and held the post till his death. He was instrumental in Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan winning the election for the seat of educated Ceylonese in the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first political election in the island. His nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka."], "answer": {"text": "Excelling in both studies, sports and Club and Societies He was the first Chairman/Secretary in Royal College Social Services League in 1921 and he became the head prefect", "answer_start": 923}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "answer": {"text": "Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good student?", "answer": {"text": "At Royal College he played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925, and captained the rugby team at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c46031891449489cab288e956ef5fb5e_1_q#3", "question": "Where were his parents?", "rewrite": "Where were J.R. Jayewardene's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene Justice John Adrian St. Valentine W. Jayewardene (1877\u20131927) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His brothers included Hector Alfred Jayewardene who was an advocate and member of the Colombo Municipal Council, Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who also became a Judge of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, becoming a Barrister. In 1901 he returned to Ceylon and began his practice as an Advocate. From 1922 to 1924 he served as the District Judge of Colombo and in 1923 was appointed acting Puisne Justice thereafter confirmed as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 1906, Jayewardene married Ethel Charlotte Irene, daughter of Mudaliyar Francis William Tillekeratne Dissanayake. His daughter Clodagh Jayasuriya, was elected to parliament and nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to exploit racism to win the majority. Highly respected in Japan for his call for peace and reconciliation with post-war Japan at the Peace Conference in San Francisco in 1951, a statue of Jayewardene was erected at the Kamakura Temple in the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan in his honor. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC (Sinhala: \u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0da9\u0dca \u0da2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1; 11 June 1874 \u2013 23 November 1932) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge, lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and is the father of J R Jayewardene the first executive President of Sri Lanka. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College Colombo. In 1897 he served as the acting Private Secretary to Justice Granier before leaving for England for his studies in law. After being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1908, he returned to Ceylon and started a legal career. He was the President of the Law Students\u2019 Union. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force as Second Lieutenant and later made Captain. Serving as an acting District Judge (1910\u20131911) and later a Police Magistrate, he became the Commissioner of Requests in 1916 and was a member of the Legal Council of Education. In 1920, he became a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. In May 1928, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and took a leading role in the revision and comparison of the new Criminal Procedure Code. In 1905, Jayewardene married Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Muhandiram Tudugalage Don Philip Wijewardene and sister of the D. R. Wijewardena. They had nine children, most notable of whom were J R Jayewardene and Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC. His brother Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate.", "Vaijantha  Vaijantha, was the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene former President of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Today it houses the J.R. Jayewardene Centre It was built by Jayewardene's father Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon. J. R. Jayewardene and his wife Elina moved into their own house Braemar in 1938. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Memorial Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at Vaijantha. It serves as the archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Hector Alfred Jayewardene Hector Alfred Wijesinghe Jayewardene (22 July 1870 \u2013 16 October 1913) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) lawyer and politician. He was one of the prominent lawyers of his time, he was active in the political movement in Ceylon. He was an elected member of the Colombo Municipal Council for twenty years. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His younger brothers included Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate, John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who became Judges of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the St. Benedicts College, Wesley College and at the Royal College, Colombo and become a Proctor in 1893. In 1895 he was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council from the New Bazaar ward and held the post till his death. He was instrumental in Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan winning the election for the seat of educated Ceylonese in the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first political election in the island. His nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka."], "answer": {"text": "Jayewardene was the eldest of 11 children, of Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon and Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena", "answer_start": 90}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "answer": {"text": "Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good student?", "answer": {"text": "At Royal College he played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925, and captained the rugby team at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were his grades?", "answer": {"text": "Excelling in both studies, sports and Club and Societies He was the first Chairman/Secretary in Royal College Social Services League in 1921 and he became the head prefect", "answer_start": 923, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c46031891449489cab288e956ef5fb5e_1_q#4", "question": "Why was he raised by a nanny?", "rewrite": "Why was J.R. Jayewardene raised by a nanny?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Born to a prominent Ceylonese family with a strong association with the legal profession, Jayewardene was the eldest of 11 children, of Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon and Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Tudugalage Muhandiram Don Philip Wijewardena a wealthy merchant. His younger brothers included Dr Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC and Dr Rolly Jayewardene, FRCP. His uncles were the Colonel Theodore Jayewarden, Justice Valentine Jayewardene and the Press Baron D. R. Wijewardena. Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education. At Royal College he played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925, and captained the rugby team at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (which later became known as the Bradby Shield Encounter). Excelling in both studies, sports and Club and Societies He was the first Chairman/Secretary in Royal College Social Services League in 1921 and he became the head prefect in 1925 and also represented the school in football and boxing; he was also a member of the cadet corps. He would later serve as the Secretary of the Royal College Union. Jayewardene entered the University College, Colombo (University of London), in 1926 to read English, Latin, Logic and Economics; he attained a distinguished academic record and showed a keen interest in sports. In 1928 he transferred law by entering Colombo Law College and passed out as an advocate, starting his practice in the unofficial bar, for a brief period. Jayewardene converted from Christianity to Buddhism in his youth.", "Vaijantha  Vaijantha, was the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene former President of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Today it houses the J.R. Jayewardene Centre It was built by Jayewardene's father Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon. J. R. Jayewardene and his wife Elina moved into their own house Braemar in 1938. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Memorial Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at Vaijantha. It serves as the archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC (Sinhala: \u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0da9\u0dca \u0da2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1; 11 June 1874 \u2013 23 November 1932) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge, lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and is the father of J R Jayewardene the first executive President of Sri Lanka. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College Colombo. In 1897 he served as the acting Private Secretary to Justice Granier before leaving for England for his studies in law. After being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1908, he returned to Ceylon and started a legal career. He was the President of the Law Students\u2019 Union. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force as Second Lieutenant and later made Captain. Serving as an acting District Judge (1910\u20131911) and later a Police Magistrate, he became the Commissioner of Requests in 1916 and was a member of the Legal Council of Education. In 1920, he became a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. In May 1928, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and took a leading role in the revision and comparison of the new Criminal Procedure Code. In 1905, Jayewardene married Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Muhandiram Tudugalage Don Philip Wijewardene and sister of the D. R. Wijewardena. They had nine children, most notable of whom were J R Jayewardene and Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC. His brother Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate.", "John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene Justice John Adrian St. Valentine W. Jayewardene (1877\u20131927) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His brothers included Hector Alfred Jayewardene who was an advocate and member of the Colombo Municipal Council, Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who also became a Judge of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, becoming a Barrister. In 1901 he returned to Ceylon and began his practice as an Advocate. From 1922 to 1924 he served as the District Judge of Colombo and in 1923 was appointed acting Puisne Justice thereafter confirmed as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 1906, Jayewardene married Ethel Charlotte Irene, daughter of Mudaliyar Francis William Tillekeratne Dissanayake. His daughter Clodagh Jayasuriya, was elected to parliament and nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to exploit racism to win the majority. Highly respected in Japan for his call for peace and reconciliation with post-war Japan at the Peace Conference in San Francisco in 1951, a statue of Jayewardene was erected at the Kamakura Temple in the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan in his honor. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "answer": {"text": "Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good student?", "answer": {"text": "At Royal College he played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925, and captained the rugby team at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were his grades?", "answer": {"text": "Excelling in both studies, sports and Club and Societies He was the first Chairman/Secretary in Royal College Social Services League in 1921 and he became the head prefect", "answer_start": 923, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Jayewardene was the eldest of 11 children, of Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon and Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena", "answer_start": 90, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c46031891449489cab288e956ef5fb5e_1_q#5", "question": "Were his other siblings political?", "rewrite": "Were J.R. Jayewardene's other siblings political?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to exploit racism to win the majority. Highly respected in Japan for his call for peace and reconciliation with post-war Japan at the Peace Conference in San Francisco in 1951, a statue of Jayewardene was erected at the Kamakura Temple in the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan in his honor. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "Hector Alfred Jayewardene Hector Alfred Wijesinghe Jayewardene (22 July 1870 \u2013 16 October 1913) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) lawyer and politician. He was one of the prominent lawyers of his time, he was active in the political movement in Ceylon. He was an elected member of the Colombo Municipal Council for twenty years. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His younger brothers included Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate, John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who became Judges of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the St. Benedicts College, Wesley College and at the Royal College, Colombo and become a Proctor in 1893. In 1895 he was elected to the Colombo Municipal Council from the New Bazaar ward and held the post till his death. He was instrumental in Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan winning the election for the seat of educated Ceylonese in the Legislative Council of Ceylon, the first political election in the island. His nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "Vaijantha  Vaijantha, was the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene former President of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Today it houses the J.R. Jayewardene Centre It was built by Jayewardene's father Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon. J. R. Jayewardene and his wife Elina moved into their own house Braemar in 1938. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Memorial Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at Vaijantha. It serves as the archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene Justice John Adrian St. Valentine W. Jayewardene (1877\u20131927) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His brothers included Hector Alfred Jayewardene who was an advocate and member of the Colombo Municipal Council, Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who also became a Judge of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, becoming a Barrister. In 1901 he returned to Ceylon and began his practice as an Advocate. From 1922 to 1924 he served as the District Judge of Colombo and in 1923 was appointed acting Puisne Justice thereafter confirmed as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 1906, Jayewardene married Ethel Charlotte Irene, daughter of Mudaliyar Francis William Tillekeratne Dissanayake. His daughter Clodagh Jayasuriya, was elected to parliament and nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC (Sinhala: \u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0da9\u0dca \u0da2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1; 11 June 1874 \u2013 23 November 1932) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge, lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and is the father of J R Jayewardene the first executive President of Sri Lanka. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College Colombo. In 1897 he served as the acting Private Secretary to Justice Granier before leaving for England for his studies in law. After being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1908, he returned to Ceylon and started a legal career. He was the President of the Law Students\u2019 Union. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force as Second Lieutenant and later made Captain. Serving as an acting District Judge (1910\u20131911) and later a Police Magistrate, he became the Commissioner of Requests in 1916 and was a member of the Legal Council of Education. In 1920, he became a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. In May 1928, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and took a leading role in the revision and comparison of the new Criminal Procedure Code. In 1905, Jayewardene married Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Muhandiram Tudugalage Don Philip Wijewardene and sister of the D. R. Wijewardena. They had nine children, most notable of whom were J R Jayewardene and Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC. His brother Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate."], "answer": {"text": "His younger brothers included Dr Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC and Dr Rolly Jayewardene, FRCP.", "answer_start": 322}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "answer": {"text": "Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good student?", "answer": {"text": "At Royal College he played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925, and captained the rugby team at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were his grades?", "answer": {"text": "Excelling in both studies, sports and Club and Societies He was the first Chairman/Secretary in Royal College Social Services League in 1921 and he became the head prefect", "answer_start": 923, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Jayewardene was the eldest of 11 children, of Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon and Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena", "answer_start": 90, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he raised by a nanny?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c46031891449489cab288e956ef5fb5e_1_q#6", "question": "What was his highest accomplishment in school?", "rewrite": "What was J.R. Jayewardene's highest accomplishment in school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC (Sinhala: \u0dba\u0dd4\u0da2\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbd\u0dca\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dbb\u0da9\u0dca \u0da2\u0dba\u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db0\u0db1; 11 June 1874 \u2013 23 November 1932) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge, lawyer and politician. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and is the father of J R Jayewardene the first executive President of Sri Lanka. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College Colombo. In 1897 he served as the acting Private Secretary to Justice Granier before leaving for England for his studies in law. After being called to the bar at the Inner Temple in 1908, he returned to Ceylon and started a legal career. He was the President of the Law Students\u2019 Union. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force as Second Lieutenant and later made Captain. Serving as an acting District Judge (1910\u20131911) and later a Police Magistrate, he became the Commissioner of Requests in 1916 and was a member of the Legal Council of Education. In 1920, he became a member of the Colombo Municipal Council. In May 1928, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon and took a leading role in the revision and comparison of the new Criminal Procedure Code. In 1905, Jayewardene married Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena daughter of Muhandiram Tudugalage Don Philip Wijewardene and sister of the D. R. Wijewardena. They had nine children, most notable of whom were J R Jayewardene and Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC. His brother Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate.", "John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene Justice John Adrian St. Valentine W. Jayewardene (1877\u20131927) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) judge and lawyer. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo. His brothers included Hector Alfred Jayewardene who was an advocate and member of the Colombo Municipal Council, Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene was a Member of the State Council for Balangoda electorate and Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene who also became a Judge of the Supreme Court. Wilfred Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo and was called to the bar at the Inner Temple, becoming a Barrister. In 1901 he returned to Ceylon and began his practice as an Advocate. From 1922 to 1924 he served as the District Judge of Colombo and in 1923 was appointed acting Puisne Justice thereafter confirmed as Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. In 1906, Jayewardene married Ethel Charlotte Irene, daughter of Mudaliyar Francis William Tillekeratne Dissanayake. His daughter Clodagh Jayasuriya, was elected to parliament and nephew J R Jayewardene became the first executive President of Sri Lanka.", "On the economic front, Jayewardene's legacy was decisive. For thirty years after independence, Sri Lanka had struggled in vain with slow growth and high unemployment. Since Jayewardene's reforms, the island has maintained healthy growth despite the civil war. On the ethnic question, Jayewardene's legacy is bitterly divisive. When he took office, ethnic tensions were present but the country as a whole was at peace. By the end of his tenure, Sri Lanka was facing not one but two civil wars, both featuring unprecedented levels of violence and brutality. Though Jayewardene indeed did not take measures to stop the attack on Tamils, he was not opposed to them personally, only politically. One of his most esteemed friends was a supreme court judge of Tamil ethnicity, a member of an elite family and raised in Colombo, but who was strongly linked to his Jaffna Tamil heritage. This is but one close Tamil friend of the president's, and it is quite clear that he was not a racist but rather a man who knew how to exploit racism to win the majority. Highly respected in Japan for his call for peace and reconciliation with post-war Japan at the Peace Conference in San Francisco in 1951, a statue of Jayewardene was erected at the Kamakura Temple in the Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan in his honor. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene Dharmapala Mawatha, Colombo. It serves as archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President.", "T. G. Jayewardene Colonel Theodore Godfrey Wijesinghe Jayewardene, JP, CLI ( June 17, 1872 \u2013 1945; also known as T. G. Jayewardene) was a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) engineer, politician and military officer. A member of the State Council of Ceylon, he was the first Ceylonese commanding officer of the Ceylon Light Infantry. Born to James Alfred Jayewardene, a Proctor who was the Deputy Coroner of Colombo, Jayewardene was educated at the Royal College, Colombo. His brothers were Hector Alfred Jayewardene, Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene, KC and Justice John Adrian St. Valentine Jayewardene. After becoming an engineer, he joined the Public Works Department in 1895 as an assistant engineer and in 1900 became a fully qualified Civil Engineer. He joined the Ceylon Light Infantry, a reservist regiment of the Ceylon Defence Force, in 1889 as a private. However he was later commissioned and quickly climbed though the ranks becoming a Major in 1908. In 1921 he was appointed as the Military Intelligence Officer of the Ceylon Defence Force. He became the first Ceylonese commanding officer of the Ceylon Light Infantry and reached the rank of Colonel, the highest rank a Ceylonese could achieve in the colonial era. He was elected to the State Council of Ceylon in 1933 from the Balangoda seat and held it till 1936. In 1905, he married Lena Attygalle, daughter of Mudaliyar Don Charles Gemoris Attygalle with whom he had a son Major Theodore Frederick, who was elected to the Parliament in 1948. His brother-in-laws were Fredrick Richard Senanayake and John Kotelawala Sr. One of Colombo primary roads \" Colonel T. G. Jayewardene Mawatha\" has been named in his honor.", "Vaijantha  Vaijantha, was the childhood home of J. R. Jayewardene former President of Sri Lanka in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Today it houses the J.R. Jayewardene Centre It was built by Jayewardene's father Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon. J. R. Jayewardene and his wife Elina moved into their own house Braemar in 1938. In 1988, the J.R Jayewardene Memorial Centre was established by the J.R Jayewardene Centre Act No. 77 of 1988 by Parliament at Vaijantha. It serves as the archive for J.R Jayewardene's personal library and papers as well as papers, records from the Presidential Secretariat and gifts he received in his tenure as President."], "answer": {"text": "also represented the school in football and boxing; he was also a member of the cadet corps.", "answer_start": 1107}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did J.R. Jayewardene attend early school?", "answer": {"text": "Raised by an English nanny, he received his primary education at Bishop's College, Colombo and attended Royal College, Colombo for his secondary education.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he a good student?", "answer": {"text": "At Royal College he played for the college cricket team, debuting in the Royal-Thomian series in 1925, and captained the rugby team at the annual \"Royal-Trinity Encounter\" (", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were his grades?", "answer": {"text": "Excelling in both studies, sports and Club and Societies He was the first Chairman/Secretary in Royal College Social Services League in 1921 and he became the head prefect", "answer_start": 923, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Jayewardene was the eldest of 11 children, of Hon. Justice Eugene Wilfred Jayewardene KC, a Chief Justice of Ceylon and Agnes Helen Don Philip Wijewardena", "answer_start": 90, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he raised by a nanny?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were his other siblings political?", "answer": {"text": "His younger brothers included Dr Hector Wilfred Jayewardene, QC and Dr Rolly Jayewardene, FRCP.", "answer_start": 322, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7645ea2b3d70494587eaed6db514d08a_0_q#0", "question": "what can you tell me about Graeme Obree's bike", "rewrite": "what can you tell me about Graeme Obree's bike", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Flying Scotsman (2006 film) The Flying Scotsman is a 2006 British drama film, based on the life and career of Scottish amateur cyclist Graeme Obree. The film covers the period of Obree's life that saw him take, lose, and then retake the world one-hour distance record. The film stars Jonny Lee Miller as Obree, Laura Fraser, Billy Boyd, and Brian Cox. The film starts with Graeme Obree (Miller), who suffers from crippling bipolar disorder, cycling into a wood where he prepares to hang himself. A flashback to Obree's (Sean Brown) childhood depicts him being physically attacked at school by other pupils, leaving severe psychological scars. One day Obree is given a bicycle by his parents and we see Obree evading the bullies on his bike. The adult Obree is married with a child. While competing in local races, he runs a failing cycle shop and has to supplement his income as a bicycle courier. Baxter (Cox), a boatyard owner who is (unbeknownst to Obree) a minister, befriends the atheist Obree. Obree decides to try and beat the hour record. He has neither the funding nor the quality of bicycle required. Determined to succeed, he constructs Old Faithful, a revolutionary bicycle designed by Obree for maximum efficiency, made up from scrap metal and components from a washing machine. With help from his friend and manager Malky McGovern (Boyd), Obree plans to break the world record in Norway. His first attempt is a failure, but he tries again the following morning and succeeds. His victory is short-lived, and his record is broken by Chris Boardman (Adrian Grove, credited as Adrian Smith) a week later. The Union Cycliste Internationale changes the rules to discourage Obree from using his experimental bicycle.", "Mike Burrows Mike Burrows (born 1943) is a bicycle designer from Norwich, England. He is best known for his collaborative work with the design of the track carbon-fibre Lotus 108 time trial bicycle manufactured by Lotus for Chris Boardman, when he won the 1992 Olympic 4000m pursuit in Barcelona. He also attempted to copy the famous \"old Faithful\" bike used by Graeme Obree, to be used as a spare in an attempt on the world hour record. However the bike was not liked by Obree and not used in any record attempt. Burrows has long been involved in the recumbent bicycle/tricycle world, having designed the Speedy or Windcheetah trike and more recently the Ratcatcher, Ratracer and Ratracer B. He has collaborated on projects with Richard Ballantine. He is also involved in utility cycling and has designed a folding cycle (the Giant Halfway), an especially thin machine (the 2D) that takes up little space in a hallway, the 8-Freight freight bicycle in use with cycle courier companies such as Outspoken Delivery, and makes customised screen and PA carrying freight bikes with extendable \"batwings\" for AV2 Hire. In the 1990s, Burrows worked for Giant Bicycles and designed the compact frame TCR road bike among others, the bike design was truly revolutionary, to minimise bike manufacturing cost. Burrows' designs often feature cantilever suspended wheels. He supplied a bike fitted with a front monoblade to television science presenter Adam Hart-Davis, which featured in some of Hart-Davis' programmes. Hart-Davis also owned a Speedy, finished in pink and yellow. Mike is currently involved with the design of a recumbent that could break the speed record for an HPV. The design Aim 93 will attempt to break the record at the International HPV Association's world championships at Battle Mountain.", "Moser's record would eventually be moved in 1997 to \"best human effort\" In 1993 and 1994, Graeme Obree, who built his own bikes, posted two records with his hands tucked under his chest. In 1994, Moser set the veteran's record at in Mexico City. Moser beat his 1984 record, using bullhorn handlebars, steel airfoil tubing, disk wheels and skinsuit. It was also faster than Obree's first record in 1993. Following the outlawing of the \"praying mantis\" style by the UCI in May 1994, Spaniard Miguel Indurain and Swiss Tony Rominger broke the record using a more traditional tri-bar setup with Rominger setting a distance of 55.291 km. Chris Boardman took up the challenge using a modified version of the Lotus 110 bicycle, a successor to the earlier Lotus 108 bicycle he'd ridden to victory at the 1992 Olympic Games. South African company Aerodyne Technology built the frame. Boardman set the UCI Absolute record of in 1996, using another position pioneered by Obree, his arms out in front in a \"Superman\" position. This too was considered controversial by the UCI, and while the record was allowed to stand, the position was banned making Boardman's record set in 1996 effectively unbeatable using traditional bike position. With the increasing gap between modern bicycles and what was available at the time of Merckx's record, the UCI established two records in 1997:  As a result of the 1997 rule change, all records since 1972, including Boardman's in 1996, were moved to Best Human Effort and the distance of Eddy Merckx set in 1972 once more became the official UCI benchmark. In 2000, Boardman attempted the UCI record on a traditional bike, and rode , topping Merckx by , an improvement of 0.02%.", "Obree had built frames for his bike shop and made another for his record attempt. Instead of traditional dropped handlebars it had straight bars like those of a mountain bike. He placed them closer to the saddle than usual and rode with the bars under his chest, his elbows bent and tucked into his sides like those of a skier. Watching a washing machine spin at 1,200rpm led him to take the bearings, which he assumed must be of superior quality, and fit them to his bike. Obree later regretted admitting to the bearings experiment, because journalists referred to that before his achievements and other innovations. Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\". It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve, to bring his legs closer together, as he thought this is the \"natural\" position. As shown in the film, he thought a tread of \"one banana\" would be ideal. The bike has no top tube, so that his knees did not hit the frame. The chainstays are not horizontal to the ground. Thus the cranks can pass with a narrow bottom bracket. The fork had only one blade, carefully shaped to be as narrow as possible. A French writer who tried it said the narrow handlebars made it hard to accelerate the machine in a straight line but, once it was at speed, he could hold the bars and get into Obree's tucked style. At a high enough speed, [I could] tuck in my arms. And, above all, get in a very forward position on the bike, on the peak of the saddle. The Obree position isn't advantageous simply aerodynamically, it also allows, by pushing the point of pedalling towards the rear, to benefit from greater pressure while remaining in the saddle.", "Le Groupement Le Groupement was a French cycling team that existed from the beginning of the 1995 season until a week before the start of that year's Tour de France in June 1995. Financial difficulties and allegations of a pyramid scheme against its main sponsor lead to its folding. The team was spearheaded by then reigning road race World Champion Luc Leblanc. The set up of the team in July 1994 was done through a holding company called Sport Competition, for the sponsor, \"Le Groupement Europ\u00e9en des Professionnels du Marketing\". Le Groupement was a door-to-door sales organisation, operating exclusively in France. The initial budget was 30 million francs, or $6 million. Their star signing was Luc Leblanc, who had finished fourth at the 1994 Tour de France and won the 1994 UCI Road World Championship Road Race just days after he signed the contract. Other notable riders included former Tour de France mountain classification winner Robert Millar (now known as Philippa York), Ronan Pensec and the sprinter Jean-Paul van Poppel. The team held its first meeting in early December 1994 in Florida and a second from 21 December in Lille. Graeme Obree, holder of the hour record when the team was set up, was recruited into the team by Millar in what would have been his first road cycling engagement. Obree missed the first meeting in Florida, held shortly after the death of his brother, then went on vacation to the USA. He misunderstood the team's directions on where to travel for the second team meeting and flew to Paris instead of Lille. Picked up by Millar, he arrived late and both riders were sent to sleep without food as punishment. When Obree failed to attend the New Year's training camp in the Alps, he was fired on 1 January 1995, just hours into the official beginning of his contract."], "answer": {"text": "Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\".", "answer_start": 618}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7645ea2b3d70494587eaed6db514d08a_0_q#1", "question": "did the bike contain any special parts", "rewrite": "did Graeme Obree's bike contain any special parts", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Flying Scotsman (2006 film) The Flying Scotsman is a 2006 British drama film, based on the life and career of Scottish amateur cyclist Graeme Obree. The film covers the period of Obree's life that saw him take, lose, and then retake the world one-hour distance record. The film stars Jonny Lee Miller as Obree, Laura Fraser, Billy Boyd, and Brian Cox. The film starts with Graeme Obree (Miller), who suffers from crippling bipolar disorder, cycling into a wood where he prepares to hang himself. A flashback to Obree's (Sean Brown) childhood depicts him being physically attacked at school by other pupils, leaving severe psychological scars. One day Obree is given a bicycle by his parents and we see Obree evading the bullies on his bike. The adult Obree is married with a child. While competing in local races, he runs a failing cycle shop and has to supplement his income as a bicycle courier. Baxter (Cox), a boatyard owner who is (unbeknownst to Obree) a minister, befriends the atheist Obree. Obree decides to try and beat the hour record. He has neither the funding nor the quality of bicycle required. Determined to succeed, he constructs Old Faithful, a revolutionary bicycle designed by Obree for maximum efficiency, made up from scrap metal and components from a washing machine. With help from his friend and manager Malky McGovern (Boyd), Obree plans to break the world record in Norway. His first attempt is a failure, but he tries again the following morning and succeeds. His victory is short-lived, and his record is broken by Chris Boardman (Adrian Grove, credited as Adrian Smith) a week later. The Union Cycliste Internationale changes the rules to discourage Obree from using his experimental bicycle.", "Mike Burrows Mike Burrows (born 1943) is a bicycle designer from Norwich, England. He is best known for his collaborative work with the design of the track carbon-fibre Lotus 108 time trial bicycle manufactured by Lotus for Chris Boardman, when he won the 1992 Olympic 4000m pursuit in Barcelona. He also attempted to copy the famous \"old Faithful\" bike used by Graeme Obree, to be used as a spare in an attempt on the world hour record. However the bike was not liked by Obree and not used in any record attempt. Burrows has long been involved in the recumbent bicycle/tricycle world, having designed the Speedy or Windcheetah trike and more recently the Ratcatcher, Ratracer and Ratracer B. He has collaborated on projects with Richard Ballantine. He is also involved in utility cycling and has designed a folding cycle (the Giant Halfway), an especially thin machine (the 2D) that takes up little space in a hallway, the 8-Freight freight bicycle in use with cycle courier companies such as Outspoken Delivery, and makes customised screen and PA carrying freight bikes with extendable \"batwings\" for AV2 Hire. In the 1990s, Burrows worked for Giant Bicycles and designed the compact frame TCR road bike among others, the bike design was truly revolutionary, to minimise bike manufacturing cost. Burrows' designs often feature cantilever suspended wheels. He supplied a bike fitted with a front monoblade to television science presenter Adam Hart-Davis, which featured in some of Hart-Davis' programmes. Hart-Davis also owned a Speedy, finished in pink and yellow. Mike is currently involved with the design of a recumbent that could break the speed record for an HPV. The design Aim 93 will attempt to break the record at the International HPV Association's world championships at Battle Mountain.", "Moser's record would eventually be moved in 1997 to \"best human effort\" In 1993 and 1994, Graeme Obree, who built his own bikes, posted two records with his hands tucked under his chest. In 1994, Moser set the veteran's record at in Mexico City. Moser beat his 1984 record, using bullhorn handlebars, steel airfoil tubing, disk wheels and skinsuit. It was also faster than Obree's first record in 1993. Following the outlawing of the \"praying mantis\" style by the UCI in May 1994, Spaniard Miguel Indurain and Swiss Tony Rominger broke the record using a more traditional tri-bar setup with Rominger setting a distance of 55.291 km. Chris Boardman took up the challenge using a modified version of the Lotus 110 bicycle, a successor to the earlier Lotus 108 bicycle he'd ridden to victory at the 1992 Olympic Games. South African company Aerodyne Technology built the frame. Boardman set the UCI Absolute record of in 1996, using another position pioneered by Obree, his arms out in front in a \"Superman\" position. This too was considered controversial by the UCI, and while the record was allowed to stand, the position was banned making Boardman's record set in 1996 effectively unbeatable using traditional bike position. With the increasing gap between modern bicycles and what was available at the time of Merckx's record, the UCI established two records in 1997:  As a result of the 1997 rule change, all records since 1972, including Boardman's in 1996, were moved to Best Human Effort and the distance of Eddy Merckx set in 1972 once more became the official UCI benchmark. In 2000, Boardman attempted the UCI record on a traditional bike, and rode , topping Merckx by , an improvement of 0.02%.", "Le Groupement Le Groupement was a French cycling team that existed from the beginning of the 1995 season until a week before the start of that year's Tour de France in June 1995. Financial difficulties and allegations of a pyramid scheme against its main sponsor lead to its folding. The team was spearheaded by then reigning road race World Champion Luc Leblanc. The set up of the team in July 1994 was done through a holding company called Sport Competition, for the sponsor, \"Le Groupement Europ\u00e9en des Professionnels du Marketing\". Le Groupement was a door-to-door sales organisation, operating exclusively in France. The initial budget was 30 million francs, or $6 million. Their star signing was Luc Leblanc, who had finished fourth at the 1994 Tour de France and won the 1994 UCI Road World Championship Road Race just days after he signed the contract. Other notable riders included former Tour de France mountain classification winner Robert Millar (now known as Philippa York), Ronan Pensec and the sprinter Jean-Paul van Poppel. The team held its first meeting in early December 1994 in Florida and a second from 21 December in Lille. Graeme Obree, holder of the hour record when the team was set up, was recruited into the team by Millar in what would have been his first road cycling engagement. Obree missed the first meeting in Florida, held shortly after the death of his brother, then went on vacation to the USA. He misunderstood the team's directions on where to travel for the second team meeting and flew to Paris instead of Lille. Picked up by Millar, he arrived late and both riders were sent to sleep without food as punishment. When Obree failed to attend the New Year's training camp in the Alps, he was fired on 1 January 1995, just hours into the official beginning of his contract.", "Obree had built frames for his bike shop and made another for his record attempt. Instead of traditional dropped handlebars it had straight bars like those of a mountain bike. He placed them closer to the saddle than usual and rode with the bars under his chest, his elbows bent and tucked into his sides like those of a skier. Watching a washing machine spin at 1,200rpm led him to take the bearings, which he assumed must be of superior quality, and fit them to his bike. Obree later regretted admitting to the bearings experiment, because journalists referred to that before his achievements and other innovations. Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\". It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve, to bring his legs closer together, as he thought this is the \"natural\" position. As shown in the film, he thought a tread of \"one banana\" would be ideal. The bike has no top tube, so that his knees did not hit the frame. The chainstays are not horizontal to the ground. Thus the cranks can pass with a narrow bottom bracket. The fork had only one blade, carefully shaped to be as narrow as possible. A French writer who tried it said the narrow handlebars made it hard to accelerate the machine in a straight line but, once it was at speed, he could hold the bars and get into Obree's tucked style. At a high enough speed, [I could] tuck in my arms. And, above all, get in a very forward position on the bike, on the peak of the saddle. The Obree position isn't advantageous simply aerodynamically, it also allows, by pushing the point of pedalling towards the rear, to benefit from greater pressure while remaining in the saddle."], "answer": {"text": "It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve,", "answer_start": 656}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what can you tell me about Graeme Obree's bike", "answer": {"text": "Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\".", "answer_start": 618, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7645ea2b3d70494587eaed6db514d08a_0_q#2", "question": "what did he use the bike for?", "rewrite": "what did Graeme Obree use the bike for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Moser's record would eventually be moved in 1997 to \"best human effort\" In 1993 and 1994, Graeme Obree, who built his own bikes, posted two records with his hands tucked under his chest. In 1994, Moser set the veteran's record at in Mexico City. Moser beat his 1984 record, using bullhorn handlebars, steel airfoil tubing, disk wheels and skinsuit. It was also faster than Obree's first record in 1993. Following the outlawing of the \"praying mantis\" style by the UCI in May 1994, Spaniard Miguel Indurain and Swiss Tony Rominger broke the record using a more traditional tri-bar setup with Rominger setting a distance of 55.291 km. Chris Boardman took up the challenge using a modified version of the Lotus 110 bicycle, a successor to the earlier Lotus 108 bicycle he'd ridden to victory at the 1992 Olympic Games. South African company Aerodyne Technology built the frame. Boardman set the UCI Absolute record of in 1996, using another position pioneered by Obree, his arms out in front in a \"Superman\" position. This too was considered controversial by the UCI, and while the record was allowed to stand, the position was banned making Boardman's record set in 1996 effectively unbeatable using traditional bike position. With the increasing gap between modern bicycles and what was available at the time of Merckx's record, the UCI established two records in 1997:  As a result of the 1997 rule change, all records since 1972, including Boardman's in 1996, were moved to Best Human Effort and the distance of Eddy Merckx set in 1972 once more became the official UCI benchmark. In 2000, Boardman attempted the UCI record on a traditional bike, and rode , topping Merckx by , an improvement of 0.02%.", "Le Groupement Le Groupement was a French cycling team that existed from the beginning of the 1995 season until a week before the start of that year's Tour de France in June 1995. Financial difficulties and allegations of a pyramid scheme against its main sponsor lead to its folding. The team was spearheaded by then reigning road race World Champion Luc Leblanc. The set up of the team in July 1994 was done through a holding company called Sport Competition, for the sponsor, \"Le Groupement Europ\u00e9en des Professionnels du Marketing\". Le Groupement was a door-to-door sales organisation, operating exclusively in France. The initial budget was 30 million francs, or $6 million. Their star signing was Luc Leblanc, who had finished fourth at the 1994 Tour de France and won the 1994 UCI Road World Championship Road Race just days after he signed the contract. Other notable riders included former Tour de France mountain classification winner Robert Millar (now known as Philippa York), Ronan Pensec and the sprinter Jean-Paul van Poppel. The team held its first meeting in early December 1994 in Florida and a second from 21 December in Lille. Graeme Obree, holder of the hour record when the team was set up, was recruited into the team by Millar in what would have been his first road cycling engagement. Obree missed the first meeting in Florida, held shortly after the death of his brother, then went on vacation to the USA. He misunderstood the team's directions on where to travel for the second team meeting and flew to Paris instead of Lille. Picked up by Millar, he arrived late and both riders were sent to sleep without food as punishment. When Obree failed to attend the New Year's training camp in the Alps, he was fired on 1 January 1995, just hours into the official beginning of his contract.", "The Flying Scotsman (2006 film) The Flying Scotsman is a 2006 British drama film, based on the life and career of Scottish amateur cyclist Graeme Obree. The film covers the period of Obree's life that saw him take, lose, and then retake the world one-hour distance record. The film stars Jonny Lee Miller as Obree, Laura Fraser, Billy Boyd, and Brian Cox. The film starts with Graeme Obree (Miller), who suffers from crippling bipolar disorder, cycling into a wood where he prepares to hang himself. A flashback to Obree's (Sean Brown) childhood depicts him being physically attacked at school by other pupils, leaving severe psychological scars. One day Obree is given a bicycle by his parents and we see Obree evading the bullies on his bike. The adult Obree is married with a child. While competing in local races, he runs a failing cycle shop and has to supplement his income as a bicycle courier. Baxter (Cox), a boatyard owner who is (unbeknownst to Obree) a minister, befriends the atheist Obree. Obree decides to try and beat the hour record. He has neither the funding nor the quality of bicycle required. Determined to succeed, he constructs Old Faithful, a revolutionary bicycle designed by Obree for maximum efficiency, made up from scrap metal and components from a washing machine. With help from his friend and manager Malky McGovern (Boyd), Obree plans to break the world record in Norway. His first attempt is a failure, but he tries again the following morning and succeeds. His victory is short-lived, and his record is broken by Chris Boardman (Adrian Grove, credited as Adrian Smith) a week later. The Union Cycliste Internationale changes the rules to discourage Obree from using his experimental bicycle.", "Obree had built frames for his bike shop and made another for his record attempt. Instead of traditional dropped handlebars it had straight bars like those of a mountain bike. He placed them closer to the saddle than usual and rode with the bars under his chest, his elbows bent and tucked into his sides like those of a skier. Watching a washing machine spin at 1,200rpm led him to take the bearings, which he assumed must be of superior quality, and fit them to his bike. Obree later regretted admitting to the bearings experiment, because journalists referred to that before his achievements and other innovations. Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\". It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve, to bring his legs closer together, as he thought this is the \"natural\" position. As shown in the film, he thought a tread of \"one banana\" would be ideal. The bike has no top tube, so that his knees did not hit the frame. The chainstays are not horizontal to the ground. Thus the cranks can pass with a narrow bottom bracket. The fork had only one blade, carefully shaped to be as narrow as possible. A French writer who tried it said the narrow handlebars made it hard to accelerate the machine in a straight line but, once it was at speed, he could hold the bars and get into Obree's tucked style. At a high enough speed, [I could] tuck in my arms. And, above all, get in a very forward position on the bike, on the peak of the saddle. The Obree position isn't advantageous simply aerodynamically, it also allows, by pushing the point of pedalling towards the rear, to benefit from greater pressure while remaining in the saddle.", "Mike Burrows Mike Burrows (born 1943) is a bicycle designer from Norwich, England. He is best known for his collaborative work with the design of the track carbon-fibre Lotus 108 time trial bicycle manufactured by Lotus for Chris Boardman, when he won the 1992 Olympic 4000m pursuit in Barcelona. He also attempted to copy the famous \"old Faithful\" bike used by Graeme Obree, to be used as a spare in an attempt on the world hour record. However the bike was not liked by Obree and not used in any record attempt. Burrows has long been involved in the recumbent bicycle/tricycle world, having designed the Speedy or Windcheetah trike and more recently the Ratcatcher, Ratracer and Ratracer B. He has collaborated on projects with Richard Ballantine. He is also involved in utility cycling and has designed a folding cycle (the Giant Halfway), an especially thin machine (the 2D) that takes up little space in a hallway, the 8-Freight freight bicycle in use with cycle courier companies such as Outspoken Delivery, and makes customised screen and PA carrying freight bikes with extendable \"batwings\" for AV2 Hire. In the 1990s, Burrows worked for Giant Bicycles and designed the compact frame TCR road bike among others, the bike design was truly revolutionary, to minimise bike manufacturing cost. Burrows' designs often feature cantilever suspended wheels. He supplied a bike fitted with a front monoblade to television science presenter Adam Hart-Davis, which featured in some of Hart-Davis' programmes. Hart-Davis also owned a Speedy, finished in pink and yellow. Mike is currently involved with the design of a recumbent that could break the speed record for an HPV. The design Aim 93 will attempt to break the record at the International HPV Association's world championships at Battle Mountain."], "answer": {"text": "his bike shop", "answer_start": 27}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what can you tell me about Graeme Obree's bike", "answer": {"text": "Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\".", "answer_start": 618, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the bike contain any special parts", "answer": {"text": "It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve,", "answer_start": 656, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7645ea2b3d70494587eaed6db514d08a_0_q#3", "question": "did he set a record with this bike", "rewrite": "did Graeme Obree set a record with the bike", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike Burrows Mike Burrows (born 1943) is a bicycle designer from Norwich, England. He is best known for his collaborative work with the design of the track carbon-fibre Lotus 108 time trial bicycle manufactured by Lotus for Chris Boardman, when he won the 1992 Olympic 4000m pursuit in Barcelona. He also attempted to copy the famous \"old Faithful\" bike used by Graeme Obree, to be used as a spare in an attempt on the world hour record. However the bike was not liked by Obree and not used in any record attempt. Burrows has long been involved in the recumbent bicycle/tricycle world, having designed the Speedy or Windcheetah trike and more recently the Ratcatcher, Ratracer and Ratracer B. He has collaborated on projects with Richard Ballantine. He is also involved in utility cycling and has designed a folding cycle (the Giant Halfway), an especially thin machine (the 2D) that takes up little space in a hallway, the 8-Freight freight bicycle in use with cycle courier companies such as Outspoken Delivery, and makes customised screen and PA carrying freight bikes with extendable \"batwings\" for AV2 Hire. In the 1990s, Burrows worked for Giant Bicycles and designed the compact frame TCR road bike among others, the bike design was truly revolutionary, to minimise bike manufacturing cost. Burrows' designs often feature cantilever suspended wheels. He supplied a bike fitted with a front monoblade to television science presenter Adam Hart-Davis, which featured in some of Hart-Davis' programmes. Hart-Davis also owned a Speedy, finished in pink and yellow. Mike is currently involved with the design of a recumbent that could break the speed record for an HPV. The design Aim 93 will attempt to break the record at the International HPV Association's world championships at Battle Mountain.", "The Flying Scotsman (2006 film) The Flying Scotsman is a 2006 British drama film, based on the life and career of Scottish amateur cyclist Graeme Obree. The film covers the period of Obree's life that saw him take, lose, and then retake the world one-hour distance record. The film stars Jonny Lee Miller as Obree, Laura Fraser, Billy Boyd, and Brian Cox. The film starts with Graeme Obree (Miller), who suffers from crippling bipolar disorder, cycling into a wood where he prepares to hang himself. A flashback to Obree's (Sean Brown) childhood depicts him being physically attacked at school by other pupils, leaving severe psychological scars. One day Obree is given a bicycle by his parents and we see Obree evading the bullies on his bike. The adult Obree is married with a child. While competing in local races, he runs a failing cycle shop and has to supplement his income as a bicycle courier. Baxter (Cox), a boatyard owner who is (unbeknownst to Obree) a minister, befriends the atheist Obree. Obree decides to try and beat the hour record. He has neither the funding nor the quality of bicycle required. Determined to succeed, he constructs Old Faithful, a revolutionary bicycle designed by Obree for maximum efficiency, made up from scrap metal and components from a washing machine. With help from his friend and manager Malky McGovern (Boyd), Obree plans to break the world record in Norway. His first attempt is a failure, but he tries again the following morning and succeeds. His victory is short-lived, and his record is broken by Chris Boardman (Adrian Grove, credited as Adrian Smith) a week later. The Union Cycliste Internationale changes the rules to discourage Obree from using his experimental bicycle.", "Le Groupement Le Groupement was a French cycling team that existed from the beginning of the 1995 season until a week before the start of that year's Tour de France in June 1995. Financial difficulties and allegations of a pyramid scheme against its main sponsor lead to its folding. The team was spearheaded by then reigning road race World Champion Luc Leblanc. The set up of the team in July 1994 was done through a holding company called Sport Competition, for the sponsor, \"Le Groupement Europ\u00e9en des Professionnels du Marketing\". Le Groupement was a door-to-door sales organisation, operating exclusively in France. The initial budget was 30 million francs, or $6 million. Their star signing was Luc Leblanc, who had finished fourth at the 1994 Tour de France and won the 1994 UCI Road World Championship Road Race just days after he signed the contract. Other notable riders included former Tour de France mountain classification winner Robert Millar (now known as Philippa York), Ronan Pensec and the sprinter Jean-Paul van Poppel. The team held its first meeting in early December 1994 in Florida and a second from 21 December in Lille. Graeme Obree, holder of the hour record when the team was set up, was recruited into the team by Millar in what would have been his first road cycling engagement. Obree missed the first meeting in Florida, held shortly after the death of his brother, then went on vacation to the USA. He misunderstood the team's directions on where to travel for the second team meeting and flew to Paris instead of Lille. Picked up by Millar, he arrived late and both riders were sent to sleep without food as punishment. When Obree failed to attend the New Year's training camp in the Alps, he was fired on 1 January 1995, just hours into the official beginning of his contract.", "The centre of Hamar is the pedestrian walkway in the middle of town, with the library, cinema and farmer's market on Stortorget (the big square) on the western side, and \u00d8stre Torg (the eastern square), which sits on top of an underground multi-story carpark, on the eastern side. Hamar is an important railway junction between two different lines to Trondheim. R\u00f8rosbanen, the old railway line, branches off from the mainline Dovre Line. The Norwegian Railway Museum (\"Norsk Jernbanemuseum\") is also in Hamar. Hamar boasts several teams at the Norwegian top level in various sports: Hamar is known for its speed skating history, both for its skaters and the championships that have been hosted by the city, already in 1894 Hamar hosted its first European championship, and the first World Championship the following year. After the Vikingskipet was built, Hamar has hosted international championships on a regular basis. The most notable skaters from Hamar are Dag Forn\u00e6ss and Even Wetten, both former World champions, allround and 1000m respectively. Amund Sj\u00f8brend, \u00c5dne S\u00f8nder\u00e5l and Eskil Ervik have all been members of the local club Hamar IL, although they were not born in Hamar. In Hamar on 17 July 1993, Scottish cyclist Graeme Obree set a world record for the distance covered in an hour. His 51,596 metres broke the 51,151 set at altitude nine years earlier but lasted only six days before Chris Boardman broke it in Bordeaux. Other notable athletes: Hamar was the venue of three sports during the 1994 Winter Olympics, figure skating, short track and speed skating. The following cities, both in Scandinavia and around the world, are twinned with Hamar:", "Moser's record would eventually be moved in 1997 to \"best human effort\" In 1993 and 1994, Graeme Obree, who built his own bikes, posted two records with his hands tucked under his chest. In 1994, Moser set the veteran's record at in Mexico City. Moser beat his 1984 record, using bullhorn handlebars, steel airfoil tubing, disk wheels and skinsuit. It was also faster than Obree's first record in 1993. Following the outlawing of the \"praying mantis\" style by the UCI in May 1994, Spaniard Miguel Indurain and Swiss Tony Rominger broke the record using a more traditional tri-bar setup with Rominger setting a distance of 55.291 km. Chris Boardman took up the challenge using a modified version of the Lotus 110 bicycle, a successor to the earlier Lotus 108 bicycle he'd ridden to victory at the 1992 Olympic Games. South African company Aerodyne Technology built the frame. Boardman set the UCI Absolute record of in 1996, using another position pioneered by Obree, his arms out in front in a \"Superman\" position. This too was considered controversial by the UCI, and while the record was allowed to stand, the position was banned making Boardman's record set in 1996 effectively unbeatable using traditional bike position. With the increasing gap between modern bicycles and what was available at the time of Merckx's record, the UCI established two records in 1997:  As a result of the 1997 rule change, all records since 1972, including Boardman's in 1996, were moved to Best Human Effort and the distance of Eddy Merckx set in 1972 once more became the official UCI benchmark. In 2000, Boardman attempted the UCI record on a traditional bike, and rode , topping Merckx by , an improvement of 0.02%."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what can you tell me about Graeme Obree's bike", "answer": {"text": "Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\".", "answer_start": 618, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the bike contain any special parts", "answer": {"text": "It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve,", "answer_start": 656, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he use the bike for?", "answer": {"text": "his bike shop", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7645ea2b3d70494587eaed6db514d08a_0_q#4", "question": "what other things can you tell me about his bike?", "rewrite": "what other things can you tell me about Graeme Obree's bike other than it's parts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Moser's record would eventually be moved in 1997 to \"best human effort\" In 1993 and 1994, Graeme Obree, who built his own bikes, posted two records with his hands tucked under his chest. In 1994, Moser set the veteran's record at in Mexico City. Moser beat his 1984 record, using bullhorn handlebars, steel airfoil tubing, disk wheels and skinsuit. It was also faster than Obree's first record in 1993. Following the outlawing of the \"praying mantis\" style by the UCI in May 1994, Spaniard Miguel Indurain and Swiss Tony Rominger broke the record using a more traditional tri-bar setup with Rominger setting a distance of 55.291 km. Chris Boardman took up the challenge using a modified version of the Lotus 110 bicycle, a successor to the earlier Lotus 108 bicycle he'd ridden to victory at the 1992 Olympic Games. South African company Aerodyne Technology built the frame. Boardman set the UCI Absolute record of in 1996, using another position pioneered by Obree, his arms out in front in a \"Superman\" position. This too was considered controversial by the UCI, and while the record was allowed to stand, the position was banned making Boardman's record set in 1996 effectively unbeatable using traditional bike position. With the increasing gap between modern bicycles and what was available at the time of Merckx's record, the UCI established two records in 1997:  As a result of the 1997 rule change, all records since 1972, including Boardman's in 1996, were moved to Best Human Effort and the distance of Eddy Merckx set in 1972 once more became the official UCI benchmark. In 2000, Boardman attempted the UCI record on a traditional bike, and rode , topping Merckx by , an improvement of 0.02%.", "Mike Burrows Mike Burrows (born 1943) is a bicycle designer from Norwich, England. He is best known for his collaborative work with the design of the track carbon-fibre Lotus 108 time trial bicycle manufactured by Lotus for Chris Boardman, when he won the 1992 Olympic 4000m pursuit in Barcelona. He also attempted to copy the famous \"old Faithful\" bike used by Graeme Obree, to be used as a spare in an attempt on the world hour record. However the bike was not liked by Obree and not used in any record attempt. Burrows has long been involved in the recumbent bicycle/tricycle world, having designed the Speedy or Windcheetah trike and more recently the Ratcatcher, Ratracer and Ratracer B. He has collaborated on projects with Richard Ballantine. He is also involved in utility cycling and has designed a folding cycle (the Giant Halfway), an especially thin machine (the 2D) that takes up little space in a hallway, the 8-Freight freight bicycle in use with cycle courier companies such as Outspoken Delivery, and makes customised screen and PA carrying freight bikes with extendable \"batwings\" for AV2 Hire. In the 1990s, Burrows worked for Giant Bicycles and designed the compact frame TCR road bike among others, the bike design was truly revolutionary, to minimise bike manufacturing cost. Burrows' designs often feature cantilever suspended wheels. He supplied a bike fitted with a front monoblade to television science presenter Adam Hart-Davis, which featured in some of Hart-Davis' programmes. Hart-Davis also owned a Speedy, finished in pink and yellow. Mike is currently involved with the design of a recumbent that could break the speed record for an HPV. The design Aim 93 will attempt to break the record at the International HPV Association's world championships at Battle Mountain.", "Obree had built frames for his bike shop and made another for his record attempt. Instead of traditional dropped handlebars it had straight bars like those of a mountain bike. He placed them closer to the saddle than usual and rode with the bars under his chest, his elbows bent and tucked into his sides like those of a skier. Watching a washing machine spin at 1,200rpm led him to take the bearings, which he assumed must be of superior quality, and fit them to his bike. Obree later regretted admitting to the bearings experiment, because journalists referred to that before his achievements and other innovations. Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\". It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve, to bring his legs closer together, as he thought this is the \"natural\" position. As shown in the film, he thought a tread of \"one banana\" would be ideal. The bike has no top tube, so that his knees did not hit the frame. The chainstays are not horizontal to the ground. Thus the cranks can pass with a narrow bottom bracket. The fork had only one blade, carefully shaped to be as narrow as possible. A French writer who tried it said the narrow handlebars made it hard to accelerate the machine in a straight line but, once it was at speed, he could hold the bars and get into Obree's tucked style. At a high enough speed, [I could] tuck in my arms. And, above all, get in a very forward position on the bike, on the peak of the saddle. The Obree position isn't advantageous simply aerodynamically, it also allows, by pushing the point of pedalling towards the rear, to benefit from greater pressure while remaining in the saddle.", "The Flying Scotsman (2006 film) The Flying Scotsman is a 2006 British drama film, based on the life and career of Scottish amateur cyclist Graeme Obree. The film covers the period of Obree's life that saw him take, lose, and then retake the world one-hour distance record. The film stars Jonny Lee Miller as Obree, Laura Fraser, Billy Boyd, and Brian Cox. The film starts with Graeme Obree (Miller), who suffers from crippling bipolar disorder, cycling into a wood where he prepares to hang himself. A flashback to Obree's (Sean Brown) childhood depicts him being physically attacked at school by other pupils, leaving severe psychological scars. One day Obree is given a bicycle by his parents and we see Obree evading the bullies on his bike. The adult Obree is married with a child. While competing in local races, he runs a failing cycle shop and has to supplement his income as a bicycle courier. Baxter (Cox), a boatyard owner who is (unbeknownst to Obree) a minister, befriends the atheist Obree. Obree decides to try and beat the hour record. He has neither the funding nor the quality of bicycle required. Determined to succeed, he constructs Old Faithful, a revolutionary bicycle designed by Obree for maximum efficiency, made up from scrap metal and components from a washing machine. With help from his friend and manager Malky McGovern (Boyd), Obree plans to break the world record in Norway. His first attempt is a failure, but he tries again the following morning and succeeds. His victory is short-lived, and his record is broken by Chris Boardman (Adrian Grove, credited as Adrian Smith) a week later. The Union Cycliste Internationale changes the rules to discourage Obree from using his experimental bicycle.", "Le Groupement Le Groupement was a French cycling team that existed from the beginning of the 1995 season until a week before the start of that year's Tour de France in June 1995. Financial difficulties and allegations of a pyramid scheme against its main sponsor lead to its folding. The team was spearheaded by then reigning road race World Champion Luc Leblanc. The set up of the team in July 1994 was done through a holding company called Sport Competition, for the sponsor, \"Le Groupement Europ\u00e9en des Professionnels du Marketing\". Le Groupement was a door-to-door sales organisation, operating exclusively in France. The initial budget was 30 million francs, or $6 million. Their star signing was Luc Leblanc, who had finished fourth at the 1994 Tour de France and won the 1994 UCI Road World Championship Road Race just days after he signed the contract. Other notable riders included former Tour de France mountain classification winner Robert Millar (now known as Philippa York), Ronan Pensec and the sprinter Jean-Paul van Poppel. The team held its first meeting in early December 1994 in Florida and a second from 21 December in Lille. Graeme Obree, holder of the hour record when the team was set up, was recruited into the team by Millar in what would have been his first road cycling engagement. Obree missed the first meeting in Florida, held shortly after the death of his brother, then went on vacation to the USA. He misunderstood the team's directions on where to travel for the second team meeting and flew to Paris instead of Lille. Picked up by Millar, he arrived late and both riders were sent to sleep without food as punishment. When Obree failed to attend the New Year's training camp in the Alps, he was fired on 1 January 1995, just hours into the official beginning of his contract."], "answer": {"text": "pedalling at 55kmh, 100 turns of the pedals a minute,", "answer_start": 311}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what can you tell me about Graeme Obree's bike", "answer": {"text": "Obree called his bike \"Old Faithful\".", "answer_start": 618, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the bike contain any special parts", "answer": {"text": "It has a narrow bottom bracket, around which the cranks revolve,", "answer_start": 656, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he use the bike for?", "answer": {"text": "his bike shop", "answer_start": 27, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he set a record with this bike", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_62a5febe9e214319a432971d23e2d865_1_q#0", "question": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "rewrite": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mia Hamm Foundation The Mia Hamm Foundation is a non-profit organization in the United States that seeks to promote awareness and raise funds for families in need of a bone marrow or cord blood transplant. It is also dedicated to the development of more opportunities for young women to participate in sports. The organization is headquartered in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Mia Hamm Foundation was founded in 1999 following the death of Hamm's brother Garrett in 1997 from complications of aplastic anemia, a rare blood disease. In 1998, Hamm organized the first annual fundraising event, the Garrett Game, in honor of her brother. At the first event, players from the U.S. women's national soccer team played against top college players. Funds generated at the annual event are donated to bone marrow research organizations. In 2007, the Foundation began hosting an annual All-Celebrity Soccer Challenge that brings many notable professional athletes and celebrities together to play in a 7-on-7 exhibition game. Previous participants have included: Kobe Bryant, Alex Morgan, Abby Wambach,  Julie Foudy, and Nomar Garciaparra.", "List of women's footballers with 100 or more international goals  Association football at the professional level is a low scoring sport (see article Association football for more detail). An athlete in association football, or soccer in short, can score 100 goals in international matches by playing a forward position, maintaining a high-level of success in scoring for a long period of usually more than 10 years. This page lists the highly accomplished top all-time female goal scorers in official international football matches for her country. The world governing body FIFA calls this elite group the \"Century Club\". For every soccer player, especially a player not playing in a forward position, a measure of her accomplishment is the number of times she played for her national team, which shows her value to the team as a competitor on the field. See Most capped international women footballers. The world governing body FIFA calls that elite group the \"Century Club\". The first player to reach 100 international goals was Italian Elisabetta Vignotto. Abby Wambach scored 100 goals in 9 years, while Christine Sinclair reached the milestone in just under 10 years while Mia Hamm is the youngest player to score 100 international goals at the age of 26 years 185 days. Most played exclusively in the forward position, with Kristine Lilly and Michelle Akers having also played as midfielder. All players scored at a high average rate of more than one goal every three matches. International goals in this list should not include goals scored in penalty-shoot-out; see Penalty shootout (association football). Players who are currently active at international level are indicated in bold type. Vignotto reportedly scored 107, or 108 goals and her record was broken by Mia Hamm. FIFA indicates that she made 110 appearances. The Italian Football Federation (FIGC) website lists her record as 97 goals in 95 matches.", "Michael Owen's WLS 2000 Michael Owen's WLS 2000 (known as Mia Hamm Soccer 64 in North America) is a association football-based sports video game developed by Silicon Dreams Studio and published by THQ for Nintendo 64. Released on 10 November 2000, the game stars English footballer Michael Owen. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" has received reskinned versions for releases outside the United Kingdom, primarily \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", which stars Mia Hamm, and was released in North America by SouthPeak Interactive. Other international versions include RTL WLS 2000 in Germany, in cooperation with RTL Television, and Telefoot Soccer 2000 in France, in cooperation with T\u00e9l\u00e9foot; both also published by THQ. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was originally announced by Eidos Interactive in September 1998, as a Nintendo 64 conversion of Silicon Dreams Studio's previous \"World League Soccer\" game, \"Michael Owen's World League Soccer '99\". However, it was put on hold as Eidos Interactive did not find itself suitable for the Nintendo 64 market, until it was announced, in August 1999, that THQ had picked up the game for further production. The North American release of \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was reskinned to feature American soccer star Mia Hamm, and published by SouthPeak Interactive as \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", on 9 November 2000. This version was developed within twelve weeks by an all-male team at DC Studios, to take advantage of the high profile of Hamm and the United States women's national soccer team, who had just won the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, and be released in time for the upcoming Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) and the 2000 Sydney Olympics.", "The athletes in the Hamm version were hand-animated, while Michael Owen's WLS 2000 used motion capture. \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" was one of the first sports games to star female athletes, with Wendy Gebauer serving as commentator. In a December 2000 interview, Patti Miller of \"Children Now\" stated that the game was one of the \"positive examples of games for girls\". In a 2012 interview, psychologist Fernanda Schabarum retrospectively noted that the game was a \"good example of the wrong timing and the wrong approach\" in the matter of women in sports-oriented video games, and David Rutter, producer for the game, stated that the game being a reskin \"made it appear more of cynical marketing tactic than a game really interested in women's sports\". In the United States, \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" sold a \"relatively high\" 42,886 copies. Gameplay features 18 football teams in the hypothetical U.S. Women's League, 32 national teams, and Mia Hamm's All-Star Team. Different gamemodes, such as Practice and World Cup, where the player can play on a team, with or against Hamm, in a World Cup tournament, were also included. A Game Boy Color tie-in to the game, \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\", was developed by Aqua Pacific, published by Ubi Soft, and released in Europe on 1 March 2000. Like the Nintendo 64 game, the North American release of \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\" had a Mia Hamm reskin developed; titled \"Mia Hamm Soccer Shootout\", it was released by SouthPeak Interactive on 27 October 2000.", "The United States moved further ahead in group standings with a 5\u20130 defeat of Nigeria, but were unable to clinch an early quarterfinal berth. Mia Hamm, the longtime face of the team, scored from a penalty kick in the sixth minute and a free kick in the twelfth minute. Her strike partner, Cindy Parlow, scored a goal of her own just after halftime by heading in a corner kick taken by Hamm. Substitute forward Abby Wambach scored her first Women's World Cup goal and the match's final goal came from a penalty kick taken in the 89th minute by Julie Foudy. The third matchday, played as a doubleheader in Columbus, began with Sweden's 3\u20130 win over Nigeria to earn a quarterfinal berth by finishing second in the group. After a scoreless first half, striker Hanna Ljungberg broke the deadlock in the 56th minute with a header and added a second in the 79th minute; Swedish captain Malin Mostr\u00f6m then scored a third goal for her team two minutes later on a breakaway, capping a dominating offensive performance with 14 shots on target. The United States benched several of its starting players in their final group stage match against North Korea, which was the first World Cup match without star striker Mia Hamm. The hosts took the lead in the 17th minute from a penalty kick that was awarded for a foul on Tiffeny Milbrett and scored by Abby Wambach. Cat Reddick, the only college player on the U.S. roster, scored from a deflection in the 48th minute and a header in the 66th minute as the United States won 3\u20130 and finished at the top of Group A. In Group B, 1999 semifinalists Brazil and Norway were joined by Women's World Cup debutantes France and South Korea."], "answer": {"text": "On May 22, 1999,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_62a5febe9e214319a432971d23e2d865_1_q#1", "question": "What team was it against?", "rewrite": "What team was Mia Hamm's 108th international goal against?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mia Hamm Foundation The Mia Hamm Foundation is a non-profit organization in the United States that seeks to promote awareness and raise funds for families in need of a bone marrow or cord blood transplant. It is also dedicated to the development of more opportunities for young women to participate in sports. The organization is headquartered in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Mia Hamm Foundation was founded in 1999 following the death of Hamm's brother Garrett in 1997 from complications of aplastic anemia, a rare blood disease. In 1998, Hamm organized the first annual fundraising event, the Garrett Game, in honor of her brother. At the first event, players from the U.S. women's national soccer team played against top college players. Funds generated at the annual event are donated to bone marrow research organizations. In 2007, the Foundation began hosting an annual All-Celebrity Soccer Challenge that brings many notable professional athletes and celebrities together to play in a 7-on-7 exhibition game. Previous participants have included: Kobe Bryant, Alex Morgan, Abby Wambach,  Julie Foudy, and Nomar Garciaparra.", "The athletes in the Hamm version were hand-animated, while Michael Owen's WLS 2000 used motion capture. \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" was one of the first sports games to star female athletes, with Wendy Gebauer serving as commentator. In a December 2000 interview, Patti Miller of \"Children Now\" stated that the game was one of the \"positive examples of games for girls\". In a 2012 interview, psychologist Fernanda Schabarum retrospectively noted that the game was a \"good example of the wrong timing and the wrong approach\" in the matter of women in sports-oriented video games, and David Rutter, producer for the game, stated that the game being a reskin \"made it appear more of cynical marketing tactic than a game really interested in women's sports\". In the United States, \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" sold a \"relatively high\" 42,886 copies. Gameplay features 18 football teams in the hypothetical U.S. Women's League, 32 national teams, and Mia Hamm's All-Star Team. Different gamemodes, such as Practice and World Cup, where the player can play on a team, with or against Hamm, in a World Cup tournament, were also included. A Game Boy Color tie-in to the game, \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\", was developed by Aqua Pacific, published by Ubi Soft, and released in Europe on 1 March 2000. Like the Nintendo 64 game, the North American release of \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\" had a Mia Hamm reskin developed; titled \"Mia Hamm Soccer Shootout\", it was released by SouthPeak Interactive on 27 October 2000.", "The United States moved further ahead in group standings with a 5\u20130 defeat of Nigeria, but were unable to clinch an early quarterfinal berth. Mia Hamm, the longtime face of the team, scored from a penalty kick in the sixth minute and a free kick in the twelfth minute. Her strike partner, Cindy Parlow, scored a goal of her own just after halftime by heading in a corner kick taken by Hamm. Substitute forward Abby Wambach scored her first Women's World Cup goal and the match's final goal came from a penalty kick taken in the 89th minute by Julie Foudy. The third matchday, played as a doubleheader in Columbus, began with Sweden's 3\u20130 win over Nigeria to earn a quarterfinal berth by finishing second in the group. After a scoreless first half, striker Hanna Ljungberg broke the deadlock in the 56th minute with a header and added a second in the 79th minute; Swedish captain Malin Mostr\u00f6m then scored a third goal for her team two minutes later on a breakaway, capping a dominating offensive performance with 14 shots on target. The United States benched several of its starting players in their final group stage match against North Korea, which was the first World Cup match without star striker Mia Hamm. The hosts took the lead in the 17th minute from a penalty kick that was awarded for a foul on Tiffeny Milbrett and scored by Abby Wambach. Cat Reddick, the only college player on the U.S. roster, scored from a deflection in the 48th minute and a header in the 66th minute as the United States won 3\u20130 and finished at the top of Group A. In Group B, 1999 semifinalists Brazil and Norway were joined by Women's World Cup debutantes France and South Korea.", "Michael Owen's WLS 2000 Michael Owen's WLS 2000 (known as Mia Hamm Soccer 64 in North America) is a association football-based sports video game developed by Silicon Dreams Studio and published by THQ for Nintendo 64. Released on 10 November 2000, the game stars English footballer Michael Owen. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" has received reskinned versions for releases outside the United Kingdom, primarily \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", which stars Mia Hamm, and was released in North America by SouthPeak Interactive. Other international versions include RTL WLS 2000 in Germany, in cooperation with RTL Television, and Telefoot Soccer 2000 in France, in cooperation with T\u00e9l\u00e9foot; both also published by THQ. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was originally announced by Eidos Interactive in September 1998, as a Nintendo 64 conversion of Silicon Dreams Studio's previous \"World League Soccer\" game, \"Michael Owen's World League Soccer '99\". However, it was put on hold as Eidos Interactive did not find itself suitable for the Nintendo 64 market, until it was announced, in August 1999, that THQ had picked up the game for further production. The North American release of \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was reskinned to feature American soccer star Mia Hamm, and published by SouthPeak Interactive as \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", on 9 November 2000. This version was developed within twelve weeks by an all-male team at DC Studios, to take advantage of the high profile of Hamm and the United States women's national soccer team, who had just won the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, and be released in time for the upcoming Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) and the 2000 Sydney Olympics.", "List of international goals scored by Abby Wambach Abby Wambach is a retired professional soccer player who competed as a forward for the United States women's national soccer team from 2001 to 2015. In 255 appearances for the senior national team, she scored 184 goals and, , holds the world record for goals scored at the international level by both female and male soccer players. The previous record holder was Mia Hamm who scored 158 international goals during her career, also for the United States. Wambach broke Hamm's record on June 20, 2013, as she completed a hat trick against South Korea, in a friendly match at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey. Wambach scored her first international goal in the seventh minute of a friendly against Finland on April 27, 2002, in her second game for the national team. She scored her first international hat trick during a friendly against Scotland leading the national team to an 8\u20132 win in her fourth appearance for the team. Her first international goal scored during a competitive match occurred on November 2, 2002, during the national team's 9\u20130 win over Panama in the 2002 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup. During her first FIFA Women's World Cup tournament, she scored three goals in six games. Wambach completed her international career having scored a total of 14 goals in her 25 World Cup match appearances, placing second on the all-time World Cup scoring list behind Marta. Known for scoring goals with diving headers, one of her more notable goals occurred in the 122nd minute of the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup quarterfinal match against Brazil from a last-minute cross from midfielder Megan Rapinoe. Wambach scored the equalizer in stoppage time and the Americans defeated Brazil in a penalty shootout. The team eventually progressed to the World Cup final against Japan."], "answer": {"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 105}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "answer": {"text": "On May 22, 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_62a5febe9e214319a432971d23e2d865_1_q#2", "question": "Did they win the game?", "rewrite": "Did Mia Hamm's team win their game on May 22, 1999?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mia Hamm Foundation The Mia Hamm Foundation is a non-profit organization in the United States that seeks to promote awareness and raise funds for families in need of a bone marrow or cord blood transplant. It is also dedicated to the development of more opportunities for young women to participate in sports. The organization is headquartered in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Mia Hamm Foundation was founded in 1999 following the death of Hamm's brother Garrett in 1997 from complications of aplastic anemia, a rare blood disease. In 1998, Hamm organized the first annual fundraising event, the Garrett Game, in honor of her brother. At the first event, players from the U.S. women's national soccer team played against top college players. Funds generated at the annual event are donated to bone marrow research organizations. In 2007, the Foundation began hosting an annual All-Celebrity Soccer Challenge that brings many notable professional athletes and celebrities together to play in a 7-on-7 exhibition game. Previous participants have included: Kobe Bryant, Alex Morgan, Abby Wambach,  Julie Foudy, and Nomar Garciaparra.", "The athletes in the Hamm version were hand-animated, while Michael Owen's WLS 2000 used motion capture. \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" was one of the first sports games to star female athletes, with Wendy Gebauer serving as commentator. In a December 2000 interview, Patti Miller of \"Children Now\" stated that the game was one of the \"positive examples of games for girls\". In a 2012 interview, psychologist Fernanda Schabarum retrospectively noted that the game was a \"good example of the wrong timing and the wrong approach\" in the matter of women in sports-oriented video games, and David Rutter, producer for the game, stated that the game being a reskin \"made it appear more of cynical marketing tactic than a game really interested in women's sports\". In the United States, \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" sold a \"relatively high\" 42,886 copies. Gameplay features 18 football teams in the hypothetical U.S. Women's League, 32 national teams, and Mia Hamm's All-Star Team. Different gamemodes, such as Practice and World Cup, where the player can play on a team, with or against Hamm, in a World Cup tournament, were also included. A Game Boy Color tie-in to the game, \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\", was developed by Aqua Pacific, published by Ubi Soft, and released in Europe on 1 March 2000. Like the Nintendo 64 game, the North American release of \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\" had a Mia Hamm reskin developed; titled \"Mia Hamm Soccer Shootout\", it was released by SouthPeak Interactive on 27 October 2000.", "ESPNW\u2019s mission is to \u201cinform and inspire female athletes and fans. \" The website covers a wide range of topics related to women in sports including women's soccer, martial arts, basketball, tennis, food and nutrition for athletes, Title IX legislation, LGBTQ inclusion, poetry, personal essays and music for athletes. Coverage of men \u2019s sports is also included on the website. In 2019 personal essays by feminist self defense practitioner Rachel Piazza and gymnast Ellen Hagan were featured in their culture section. Since its inception ESPNW has included extensive coverage about women\u2019s soccer. The 2011 Women\u2019s World Cup was only the 6th women\u2019s World Cup and the participation of the United States helped raise domestic awareness about the involvement for women in soccer, such as Mia Hamm. According to journalist Jack Bell, author of the \"New York Times\" article, 'Hamm Joining ESPNW for Women\u2019s World Cup',\u201cin the women\u2019s game , the world is catching up to the United States; in the men\u2019s game, the United States is always playing catch up.\u201d ESPNW hired well regarded female athletes to commentate on their newly formed network. The involvement of such important figures as Mia Hamm helped grow ESPNW's reputation among sports fans. Hamm helped popularize the online network when she worked as a commentator during the 2011 World Cup for ESPNW as well as ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN3. ESPN started local chapters of its website in response to the decline of local sports coverage available as newspapers continue to go out of business across the country. Each page covers local professional and college teams, hiring locally known writers, and in some cases making use of the city's ESPN Radio affiliate. In markets where the ABC Owned Television Stations owns a station, their sports coverage is incorporated with the corresponding ESPN local site.", "The United States moved further ahead in group standings with a 5\u20130 defeat of Nigeria, but were unable to clinch an early quarterfinal berth. Mia Hamm, the longtime face of the team, scored from a penalty kick in the sixth minute and a free kick in the twelfth minute. Her strike partner, Cindy Parlow, scored a goal of her own just after halftime by heading in a corner kick taken by Hamm. Substitute forward Abby Wambach scored her first Women's World Cup goal and the match's final goal came from a penalty kick taken in the 89th minute by Julie Foudy. The third matchday, played as a doubleheader in Columbus, began with Sweden's 3\u20130 win over Nigeria to earn a quarterfinal berth by finishing second in the group. After a scoreless first half, striker Hanna Ljungberg broke the deadlock in the 56th minute with a header and added a second in the 79th minute; Swedish captain Malin Mostr\u00f6m then scored a third goal for her team two minutes later on a breakaway, capping a dominating offensive performance with 14 shots on target. The United States benched several of its starting players in their final group stage match against North Korea, which was the first World Cup match without star striker Mia Hamm. The hosts took the lead in the 17th minute from a penalty kick that was awarded for a foul on Tiffeny Milbrett and scored by Abby Wambach. Cat Reddick, the only college player on the U.S. roster, scored from a deflection in the 48th minute and a header in the 66th minute as the United States won 3\u20130 and finished at the top of Group A. In Group B, 1999 semifinalists Brazil and Norway were joined by Women's World Cup debutantes France and South Korea.", "Michael Owen's WLS 2000 Michael Owen's WLS 2000 (known as Mia Hamm Soccer 64 in North America) is a association football-based sports video game developed by Silicon Dreams Studio and published by THQ for Nintendo 64. Released on 10 November 2000, the game stars English footballer Michael Owen. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" has received reskinned versions for releases outside the United Kingdom, primarily \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", which stars Mia Hamm, and was released in North America by SouthPeak Interactive. Other international versions include RTL WLS 2000 in Germany, in cooperation with RTL Television, and Telefoot Soccer 2000 in France, in cooperation with T\u00e9l\u00e9foot; both also published by THQ. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was originally announced by Eidos Interactive in September 1998, as a Nintendo 64 conversion of Silicon Dreams Studio's previous \"World League Soccer\" game, \"Michael Owen's World League Soccer '99\". However, it was put on hold as Eidos Interactive did not find itself suitable for the Nintendo 64 market, until it was announced, in August 1999, that THQ had picked up the game for further production. The North American release of \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was reskinned to feature American soccer star Mia Hamm, and published by SouthPeak Interactive as \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", on 9 November 2000. This version was developed within twelve weeks by an all-male team at DC Studios, to take advantage of the high profile of Hamm and the United States women's national soccer team, who had just won the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, and be released in time for the upcoming Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) and the 2000 Sydney Olympics."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "answer": {"text": "On May 22, 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team was it against?", "answer": {"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_62a5febe9e214319a432971d23e2d865_1_q#3", "question": "Was she the best player on the team?", "rewrite": "Was Mia Hamm the best player on her team?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The United States moved further ahead in group standings with a 5\u20130 defeat of Nigeria, but were unable to clinch an early quarterfinal berth. Mia Hamm, the longtime face of the team, scored from a penalty kick in the sixth minute and a free kick in the twelfth minute. Her strike partner, Cindy Parlow, scored a goal of her own just after halftime by heading in a corner kick taken by Hamm. Substitute forward Abby Wambach scored her first Women's World Cup goal and the match's final goal came from a penalty kick taken in the 89th minute by Julie Foudy. The third matchday, played as a doubleheader in Columbus, began with Sweden's 3\u20130 win over Nigeria to earn a quarterfinal berth by finishing second in the group. After a scoreless first half, striker Hanna Ljungberg broke the deadlock in the 56th minute with a header and added a second in the 79th minute; Swedish captain Malin Mostr\u00f6m then scored a third goal for her team two minutes later on a breakaway, capping a dominating offensive performance with 14 shots on target. The United States benched several of its starting players in their final group stage match against North Korea, which was the first World Cup match without star striker Mia Hamm. The hosts took the lead in the 17th minute from a penalty kick that was awarded for a foul on Tiffeny Milbrett and scored by Abby Wambach. Cat Reddick, the only college player on the U.S. roster, scored from a deflection in the 48th minute and a header in the 66th minute as the United States won 3\u20130 and finished at the top of Group A. In Group B, 1999 semifinalists Brazil and Norway were joined by Women's World Cup debutantes France and South Korea.", "Michael Owen's WLS 2000 Michael Owen's WLS 2000 (known as Mia Hamm Soccer 64 in North America) is a association football-based sports video game developed by Silicon Dreams Studio and published by THQ for Nintendo 64. Released on 10 November 2000, the game stars English footballer Michael Owen. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" has received reskinned versions for releases outside the United Kingdom, primarily \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", which stars Mia Hamm, and was released in North America by SouthPeak Interactive. Other international versions include RTL WLS 2000 in Germany, in cooperation with RTL Television, and Telefoot Soccer 2000 in France, in cooperation with T\u00e9l\u00e9foot; both also published by THQ. \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was originally announced by Eidos Interactive in September 1998, as a Nintendo 64 conversion of Silicon Dreams Studio's previous \"World League Soccer\" game, \"Michael Owen's World League Soccer '99\". However, it was put on hold as Eidos Interactive did not find itself suitable for the Nintendo 64 market, until it was announced, in August 1999, that THQ had picked up the game for further production. The North American release of \"Michael Owen's WLS 2000\" was reskinned to feature American soccer star Mia Hamm, and published by SouthPeak Interactive as \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\", on 9 November 2000. This version was developed within twelve weeks by an all-male team at DC Studios, to take advantage of the high profile of Hamm and the United States women's national soccer team, who had just won the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, and be released in time for the upcoming Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) and the 2000 Sydney Olympics.", "ESPNW\u2019s mission is to \u201cinform and inspire female athletes and fans. \" The website covers a wide range of topics related to women in sports including women's soccer, martial arts, basketball, tennis, food and nutrition for athletes, Title IX legislation, LGBTQ inclusion, poetry, personal essays and music for athletes. Coverage of men \u2019s sports is also included on the website. In 2019 personal essays by feminist self defense practitioner Rachel Piazza and gymnast Ellen Hagan were featured in their culture section. Since its inception ESPNW has included extensive coverage about women\u2019s soccer. The 2011 Women\u2019s World Cup was only the 6th women\u2019s World Cup and the participation of the United States helped raise domestic awareness about the involvement for women in soccer, such as Mia Hamm. According to journalist Jack Bell, author of the \"New York Times\" article, 'Hamm Joining ESPNW for Women\u2019s World Cup',\u201cin the women\u2019s game , the world is catching up to the United States; in the men\u2019s game, the United States is always playing catch up.\u201d ESPNW hired well regarded female athletes to commentate on their newly formed network. The involvement of such important figures as Mia Hamm helped grow ESPNW's reputation among sports fans. Hamm helped popularize the online network when she worked as a commentator during the 2011 World Cup for ESPNW as well as ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPN3. ESPN started local chapters of its website in response to the decline of local sports coverage available as newspapers continue to go out of business across the country. Each page covers local professional and college teams, hiring locally known writers, and in some cases making use of the city's ESPN Radio affiliate. In markets where the ABC Owned Television Stations owns a station, their sports coverage is incorporated with the corresponding ESPN local site.", "The athletes in the Hamm version were hand-animated, while Michael Owen's WLS 2000 used motion capture. \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" was one of the first sports games to star female athletes, with Wendy Gebauer serving as commentator. In a December 2000 interview, Patti Miller of \"Children Now\" stated that the game was one of the \"positive examples of games for girls\". In a 2012 interview, psychologist Fernanda Schabarum retrospectively noted that the game was a \"good example of the wrong timing and the wrong approach\" in the matter of women in sports-oriented video games, and David Rutter, producer for the game, stated that the game being a reskin \"made it appear more of cynical marketing tactic than a game really interested in women's sports\". In the United States, \"Mia Hamm Soccer 64\" sold a \"relatively high\" 42,886 copies. Gameplay features 18 football teams in the hypothetical U.S. Women's League, 32 national teams, and Mia Hamm's All-Star Team. Different gamemodes, such as Practice and World Cup, where the player can play on a team, with or against Hamm, in a World Cup tournament, were also included. A Game Boy Color tie-in to the game, \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\", was developed by Aqua Pacific, published by Ubi Soft, and released in Europe on 1 March 2000. Like the Nintendo 64 game, the North American release of \"Telefoot Soccer 2000\" had a Mia Hamm reskin developed; titled \"Mia Hamm Soccer Shootout\", it was released by SouthPeak Interactive on 27 October 2000.", "Mia Hamm Foundation The Mia Hamm Foundation is a non-profit organization in the United States that seeks to promote awareness and raise funds for families in need of a bone marrow or cord blood transplant. It is also dedicated to the development of more opportunities for young women to participate in sports. The organization is headquartered in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The Mia Hamm Foundation was founded in 1999 following the death of Hamm's brother Garrett in 1997 from complications of aplastic anemia, a rare blood disease. In 1998, Hamm organized the first annual fundraising event, the Garrett Game, in honor of her brother. At the first event, players from the U.S. women's national soccer team played against top college players. Funds generated at the annual event are donated to bone marrow research organizations. In 2007, the Foundation began hosting an annual All-Celebrity Soccer Challenge that brings many notable professional athletes and celebrities together to play in a 7-on-7 exhibition game. Previous participants have included: Kobe Bryant, Alex Morgan, Abby Wambach,  Julie Foudy, and Nomar Garciaparra."], "answer": {"text": "Hamm broke the all-time international goal record with her 108th goal in a game", "answer_start": 17}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "answer": {"text": "On May 22, 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team was it against?", "answer": {"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the game?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_62a5febe9e214319a432971d23e2d865_1_q#4", "question": "How did the US do in the World Cup that year?", "rewrite": "How did the US Women's Soccer Team do in the World Cup in 1999?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["United States women's national soccer team The United States women's national soccer team (USWNT) represents the United States in international women's soccer. The team is the most successful in international women's soccer, winning four Women's World Cup titles (including the first Women's World Cup in 1991), four Olympic gold medals (including the first Olympic women's soccer tournament in 1996), and eight CONCACAF Gold Cups. It medaled in every World Cup and Olympic tournament in women's soccer history from 1991 to 2015, before being knocked out in the quarterfinal of the 2016 Summer Olympics. The team is governed by United States Soccer Federation and competes in CONCACAF (the Confederation of North, Central American, and Caribbean Association Football). The United States women's national soccer team recently just won the 2019 World Cup for the 4th time by defeating Netherlands 2-0. After being ranked No. 2 on average from 2003 to 2008 in the FIFA Women's World Rankings, the team was ranked No. 1 continuously from March 2008 to November 2014, falling back behind Germany, the only other team to occupy the No. 1 position in the ranking's history. The team dropped to 2nd on March 24, 2017, due to its last-place finish in the 2017 SheBelieves Cup, then returned to 1st on June 23, 2017, after victories in friendlies against Russia, Sweden, and Norway. The team was selected as the U.S. Olympic Committee's Team of the Year in 1997 and 1999, and \"Sports Illustrated\" chose the entire team as 1999 Sportswomen of the Year for its usual Sportsman of the Year honor. On April 5, 2017, U.S. Women's Soccer and U.S. Soccer reached a deal on a new collective bargaining agreement that would, among other things, lead to a pay increase.", "In 2012 Briana was part of \"Pitch Slap\", a tournament softball team which dominated a beer league coed softball league Scurry was a goalkeeper for the United States women's national soccer team for most of the years between 1994\u20132008, earning a record 173 caps for the United States. She started 159 of those games and finished her international career with a record of 133\u201312\u201314. She also earned 71 shutouts. Scurry's first appearance for the United States women's national soccer team was March 16, 1994, versus Portugal. Her first shutout was recorded the same day. In her first year with the USA, she earned seven shutouts in 12 starts. She was a member of the Gold Medal-winning US Women's National Team at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta where she started and played in every minute of the team's five matches conceding only three goals. Scurry played every minute of the 1999 Women's World Cup allowing only three goals and recording four shutouts. She saved one penalty during the shootout in the final against China and the United States won. Following the World Cup, Scurry announced her intention to play in the WNBA. She started for the USA in the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2004 Summer Olympic Games. She also played two matches for the USA in the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and was the alternate goalkeeper on the 2008 Olympic Team. On June 23, 2008, United States Women's Olympic soccer coach Pia Sundhage announced that Scurry would not be on the Olympic team. Her last match for the USA was on November 5, 2008, against the Korea Republic. Scurry was appointed general manager of the WPS franchise magicJack beginning with the 2011 season.", "Aleisha Cramer Aleisha Cramer (born July 29, 1982, in Wheat Ridge, Colorado) is an American former soccer midfielder and Collegiate Assistant Coach who played for Brigham Young University and the US Women's National Soccer Team. Cramer grew up in Lakewood, Colorado where she played for the Colorado Rush and Green Mountain High School soccer teams. She was an all-star stand-out who made regular appearances on the U16, U17 and U21 US Women's National Team. In 1998, at age 16 Cramer was called up to the US Women's National Team, the third youngest player to have ever played for the team. By the end of her senior year Cramer had become one of the top recruits in the country and was named 1999 National Gatorade HS Player of the Year. Following her high school career, Cramer committed and played for Brigham Young University under Head Coach Jennifer Rockwood. In her four seasons as a Cougar, Cramer earned All-American honors each season and lead the Cougars to four straight NCAA Tournament appearances. Cramer notched 28 goals, 47 assists in 92 games, her 47 assists are still the school record. In her senior season the Cougars advanced to the Elite Eight where on November 23, 2003 BYU lost to #18 Connecticut 4\u20131 Cramer was the third youngest player to be called up to play for the national team. Only Mia Hamm and Kristine Lilly were younger. She made 11 appearances for the national team totaling 2 assists and 9 starts. Cramer would go back and forth between first her club team and the national teams, then between BYU and the national team. While Cramer played for BYU, April Heinrich, Cramer's national team coach, defined Cramer as, \"The [most] impactful player in women's college soccer today... She changed the game.", "United States national beach soccer team The United States national beach soccer team represents the United States in international beach soccer competitions and is controlled by the USSF, the governing body for soccer in the United States. The sport of beach soccer originated in Brazil, where locals played soccer on the beaches for recreation. In 1992, the United States created official rules and a national team for the South American sport, which led other countries to do the same. Then in 1993, the United States held the first ever professional beach soccer event, which included national teams from Brazil, Argentina, and Italy. A year later in 1994, the U.S. team competed in the first ever Beach Soccer World Championship tournament in Brazil. The U.S. team competed in World Championships again in 1995 and 1997. The sport of beach soccer, and the United States national beach soccer team, became a recognized part of FIFA \u2013 the main international governing body of soccer \u2013 in 2005, in which CONCACAF \u2013 the Confederation of North & Central America and Caribbean Association Football \u2013 became the officiating body for qualifying tournaments. The U.S. national beach soccer team went on to compete in FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup tournaments from 2005 through 2013 against some of the 98 total from all around the world. In 2005, the U.S. team made it to the World Cup in Brazil. In the group stages, they were unable to win either of their games, resulting in them not making it through to the play-offs. Results of 2005 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup: In 2006, the men's national team won the CONCACAF Beach Soccer Championship and qualified for the FIFA World Cup, which was held in Brazil. Due to them only winning one game in the group stages, they did not qualify for the play-offs. Results of 2006 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup: In 2007, the team made it to the FIFA World Cup in Brazil again.", "This means the men earn roughly 5.5 times more than the women do. In 2015 the US women's soccer team won the World Cup and broke the record for largest television audience for a soccer game but earned $2 million less than the US male team that finished 11th. In terms of dollar breakdown this means that a woman earns a $1 for $17.50 dollars a man earns in the World Cup. In the United States both the men and women national team are required to play 20 exhibition matches with other countries across the world. If the men win all 20 games they make $263,000 while the women make $93,000. On average every year the US women's soccer team is paid only 40% of their male counterparts. This pay gap in women and male soccer is not just in the United States but also in Europe. Premier League players, an elite league in the UK, would earn $772 per minute if they were to play every minute of the regular season. The same calculation would leave the women's premier team, the FA's Women Super League, with $16.7 per minute. Athletes are not the only ones experiencing the gender pay gap however, it is also sport managers, sport designers, coaches, and operations manager. Based on the PayScale Survey marketing managers earn 82 cents for every dollar a man earns. An event coordinator earns 92 cents for every dollar a man earns and an athletic trainer earns 95 cents for every dollar a man earns. Many studies have been conducted to discover the emergence of the pay gap in sports. Coaches, specifically head coaches at Division 1 programs, suffer a wider pay gap. If we look at the University of Florida, a Division One team, the male head coach gets paid roughly nine times what the female head coach gets paid."], "answer": {"text": "The U.S. won 7-1 and secured a berth in the quarter-finals.", "answer_start": 628}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "answer": {"text": "On May 22, 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team was it against?", "answer": {"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the game?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she the best player on the team?", "answer": {"text": "Hamm broke the all-time international goal record with her 108th goal in a game", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_62a5febe9e214319a432971d23e2d865_1_q#5", "question": "Did they get to the finals?", "rewrite": "Did the US Women's Soccer Team get to the finals in the 1999 World Cup?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2012 Briana was part of \"Pitch Slap\", a tournament softball team which dominated a beer league coed softball league Scurry was a goalkeeper for the United States women's national soccer team for most of the years between 1994\u20132008, earning a record 173 caps for the United States. She started 159 of those games and finished her international career with a record of 133\u201312\u201314. She also earned 71 shutouts. Scurry's first appearance for the United States women's national soccer team was March 16, 1994, versus Portugal. Her first shutout was recorded the same day. In her first year with the USA, she earned seven shutouts in 12 starts. She was a member of the Gold Medal-winning US Women's National Team at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta where she started and played in every minute of the team's five matches conceding only three goals. Scurry played every minute of the 1999 Women's World Cup allowing only three goals and recording four shutouts. She saved one penalty during the shootout in the final against China and the United States won. Following the World Cup, Scurry announced her intention to play in the WNBA. She started for the USA in the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2004 Summer Olympic Games. She also played two matches for the USA in the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup and was the alternate goalkeeper on the 2008 Olympic Team. On June 23, 2008, United States Women's Olympic soccer coach Pia Sundhage announced that Scurry would not be on the Olympic team. Her last match for the USA was on November 5, 2008, against the Korea Republic. Scurry was appointed general manager of the WPS franchise magicJack beginning with the 2011 season.", "Aleisha Cramer Aleisha Cramer (born July 29, 1982, in Wheat Ridge, Colorado) is an American former soccer midfielder and Collegiate Assistant Coach who played for Brigham Young University and the US Women's National Soccer Team. Cramer grew up in Lakewood, Colorado where she played for the Colorado Rush and Green Mountain High School soccer teams. She was an all-star stand-out who made regular appearances on the U16, U17 and U21 US Women's National Team. In 1998, at age 16 Cramer was called up to the US Women's National Team, the third youngest player to have ever played for the team. By the end of her senior year Cramer had become one of the top recruits in the country and was named 1999 National Gatorade HS Player of the Year. Following her high school career, Cramer committed and played for Brigham Young University under Head Coach Jennifer Rockwood. In her four seasons as a Cougar, Cramer earned All-American honors each season and lead the Cougars to four straight NCAA Tournament appearances. Cramer notched 28 goals, 47 assists in 92 games, her 47 assists are still the school record. In her senior season the Cougars advanced to the Elite Eight where on November 23, 2003 BYU lost to #18 Connecticut 4\u20131 Cramer was the third youngest player to be called up to play for the national team. Only Mia Hamm and Kristine Lilly were younger. She made 11 appearances for the national team totaling 2 assists and 9 starts. Cramer would go back and forth between first her club team and the national teams, then between BYU and the national team. While Cramer played for BYU, April Heinrich, Cramer's national team coach, defined Cramer as, \"The [most] impactful player in women's college soccer today... She changed the game.", "In May 2014 a deal was signed to split TV coverage of other USWNT games between ESPN, Fox Sports, and Univision through the end of 2022. The USWNT games in the 2014 CONCACAF Women's Championship and the 2015 Algarve Cup were broadcast by Fox Sports. The 1999 World Cup final set the original record for largest US television audience for a women's soccer match with 18 million viewers on average and was the most viewed English-language US broadcast of any soccer match until the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final between the United States and Japan. The 2015 Women's World Cup Final between the US and Japan was the most watched soccer match \u2013 men's or women's \u2013 in American broadcast history. It averaged 23 million viewers and higher ratings than the NBA finals and the Stanley Cup finals. The final was also the most watched US-Spanish language broadcast of a FIFA Women's World Cup match in history. Overall, there were over 750 million viewers for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, making it the most watched Women's World Cup in history. The FIFA Women's World Cup is now the second most watched FIFA tournament, with only the men's FIFA World Cup attracting more viewership. The 1999 World Cup final, in which the USA defeated China, set a world attendance record for a women's sporting event of 90,185 in a sellout at the Rose Bowl in Southern California. The record for Olympic women's soccer attendance was set by the 2012 Olympic final between the USWNT and Japan, with 80,023 spectators at Wembley Stadium. In recent years, the players of the USWNT have waged an escalating legal fight with the United States Soccer Federation over gender discrimination. Central to their demands is equal pay.", "This means the men earn roughly 5.5 times more than the women do. In 2015 the US women's soccer team won the World Cup and broke the record for largest television audience for a soccer game but earned $2 million less than the US male team that finished 11th. In terms of dollar breakdown this means that a woman earns a $1 for $17.50 dollars a man earns in the World Cup. In the United States both the men and women national team are required to play 20 exhibition matches with other countries across the world. If the men win all 20 games they make $263,000 while the women make $93,000. On average every year the US women's soccer team is paid only 40% of their male counterparts. This pay gap in women and male soccer is not just in the United States but also in Europe. Premier League players, an elite league in the UK, would earn $772 per minute if they were to play every minute of the regular season. The same calculation would leave the women's premier team, the FA's Women Super League, with $16.7 per minute. Athletes are not the only ones experiencing the gender pay gap however, it is also sport managers, sport designers, coaches, and operations manager. Based on the PayScale Survey marketing managers earn 82 cents for every dollar a man earns. An event coordinator earns 92 cents for every dollar a man earns and an athletic trainer earns 95 cents for every dollar a man earns. Many studies have been conducted to discover the emergence of the pay gap in sports. Coaches, specifically head coaches at Division 1 programs, suffer a wider pay gap. If we look at the University of Florida, a Division One team, the male head coach gets paid roughly nine times what the female head coach gets paid.", "Tony DiCicco Anthony D. DiCicco Jr. (August 5, 1948 \u2013 June 19, 2017) was a U.S. soccer player and coach and TV commentator. He is best known as the coach of the United States women's national soccer team from 1994 to 1999, during which time the team won an Olympic gold medal in 1996 and the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. He was also coach of the USA team that won the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Born in Wethersfield, Connecticut, DiCicco is 1966 graduate of Wethersfield High School in Wethersfield, Connecticut, where he lettered in soccer, baseball and basketball. In 1970, DiCicco graduated from Springfield College in Massachusetts, where he was an All-American goalkeeper his senior year. He played with the Connecticut Wildcats and Rhode Island Oceaneers of the American Soccer League for five years, and made a single appearance for the United States men's national soccer team in 1973. During this time, he also taught Physical Education at Bellows Falls Middle School in Bellows Falls, Vt. for at least the 1972\u20131973 school year. In 1991, DiCicco became the goalkeeper coach for the U.S. women's team; he was also the goalkeeping coach for the 1993 U.S. men's under-20 team. He took over as head coach of the women's team in 1994, and compiled a record of 103\u20138\u20138, culminating with the team's dramatic win over China in the 1999 World Cup final. In 2008, DiCicco coached the U.S. U-20 Women's national team to victory in the FIFA Women's U-20 World Cup in Chile. DiCicco served as head coach of the Boston Breakers of the Women's Professional Soccer from 2009 to 2011."], "answer": {"text": "the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was decided by a penalty shootout between the U.S. and China.", "answer_start": 1206}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "answer": {"text": "On May 22, 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team was it against?", "answer": {"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the game?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she the best player on the team?", "answer": {"text": "Hamm broke the all-time international goal record with her 108th goal in a game", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the US do in the World Cup that year?", "answer": {"text": "The U.S. won 7-1 and secured a berth in the quarter-finals.", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_62a5febe9e214319a432971d23e2d865_1_q#6", "question": "Who won?", "rewrite": "Who won the 1999 Women's World Cup Final between the US and China?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The following year, Mexico hosted the 1971 Women's World Cup, which has also yet to be officially recognized. The squad reached the final but fell 3-0 to Denmark. An estimated 110,000 people attended the final at Estadio Azteca, which is the largest crowd ever to witness a women's soccer game; FIFA has not recognized this attendance record either. In the 1980s, when a series of mundialitos took place, Mexico participated in the 1986 edition. Mexico was placed in Group A along with Italy and Japan, but the team did not advance beyond the first stage. Mexico's first official appearance in the Women's World Cup was in 1999, when the United States hosted the tournament. The team also qualified in 2011 and 2015, hosted by Germany and Canada, respectively. Likewise, the team qualified for the Summer Olympic Games in 2004. In all four instances, \"El Tri Femenil\" failed to advance beyond the group stage; in fact, the team has yet to win a single game in either major tournament. The first official coach for the Mexico women's national football team was Leonardo Cu\u00e9llar. One of his first objectives was to qualify for the 1999 Women's World Cup. The team accomplished this by placing second to Canada in the 1998 CONCACAF Women's Championship. However, much controversy arose regarding the nationalities of the recruited players. Preference was given to US-born players of Mexican heritage, largely because Mexico did not have an official league at the time. Andrea Rodebaugh, the team's then-captain, argued that the team's main goal was to qualify; she also wanted to strengthen the team and celebrate its official recognition. Despite the controversy, the team went on to participate in the 1999 Women's World Cup with a mix of US-born and Mexican-born players.", "JP Dellacamera John Paul Dellacamera (born January 11, 1952), known as JP (no periods), is an American play-by-play sportscaster primarily for Major League Soccer with the Philadelphia Union, as well as major soccer tournaments and ice hockey. In the 1980s, Dellacamera was the play-by-play announcer for broadcasts of the original Major Indoor Soccer League on ESPN and FNN-Score. He is an ESPN and ABC's play-by-play announcer for their coverage of international soccer, and has been calling the sport for nearly 30 years. Dellacamera did not call the 2006 World Cup final, with Dave O'Brien replacing him, but has teamed with Tommy Smyth to become the lead radio commentary team for the 2010 and 2014 World Cups for ESPN Radio. His most famous assignments include the 1999 UEFA Champions League Final and 1999 Women's World Cup final between the United States, and China. That match ended in a 0\u20130 tie after regulation, with the U.S. women winning in a penalty kick shootout 5\u20134 (\"The shot-\"save, Scurry!\" \" was one of Dellacamera's most memorable calls from that day's shootout, coming from U.S. goalkeeper Briana Scurry's save on China's third kick of the shootout). He has also called numerous United States' World Cup qualifiers, including Paul Caligiuri's famed 1989 \"Shot Heard Round the World\" goal against Trinidad & Tobago. In the early 2000s, he was the lead play-by-play announcer for the WUSA national broadcasts. Dellacamera was NBC's play-by-play voice for soccer at the 2004 Summer Olympics, where he did both the men's and women's tournaments.", "She scored four goals as the Beat earned another chance at the playoffs, but the Beat were eliminated in the semifinals. Sun announced her retirement from the WUSA in January 2003 to return to China in preparation for the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup. Sun appeared on China's national squad at the age of 17 and went on to appear in four FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments for China and became one of three women to have played all of China's 15 matches in its three World Cup appearances. In 1999, she had 10 goals in her World Cup career, leaving her tied for second place on an all-time scoring list. Sun helped the national team win the Asian Cup in 1991, 1993, 1995 and 1997. Sun led China to a silver medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Athens, Georgia. During the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, Sun scored seven goals and earned the Golden Ball (top player) and Golden Boot (top scorer) at the tournament. She returned to the Chinese women's team from a two-year retirement on December 15, 2005. Due to injury reasons, Sun retired again after winning AFC Women's Asian Cup in 2006. Sun played 28 matches and scored 16 goals in 4 world cup tournaments and 2 Olympics: China 1991, Sweden 1995, Atlanta 1996, USA 1999, Sydney 2000, USA 2003; she played and started every match for China. Sun Wen, with her China teams, won a silver medal at Atlanta 1996 Olympics, and finished second at USA 1999 world cup. A strong striker with great skills and passing abilities , Sun won both the Golden Boot (which she shared with Sissi, of Brazil) and the Golden Ball for the 1999 Women's World Cup, and became the first woman to be nominated for the Asian Football Confederation player of the year award.", "In May 2014 a deal was signed to split TV coverage of other USWNT games between ESPN, Fox Sports, and Univision through the end of 2022. The USWNT games in the 2014 CONCACAF Women's Championship and the 2015 Algarve Cup were broadcast by Fox Sports. The 1999 World Cup final set the original record for largest US television audience for a women's soccer match with 18 million viewers on average and was the most viewed English-language US broadcast of any soccer match until the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final between the United States and Japan. The 2015 Women's World Cup Final between the US and Japan was the most watched soccer match \u2013 men's or women's \u2013 in American broadcast history. It averaged 23 million viewers and higher ratings than the NBA finals and the Stanley Cup finals. The final was also the most watched US-Spanish language broadcast of a FIFA Women's World Cup match in history. Overall, there were over 750 million viewers for the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, making it the most watched Women's World Cup in history. The FIFA Women's World Cup is now the second most watched FIFA tournament, with only the men's FIFA World Cup attracting more viewership. The 1999 World Cup final, in which the USA defeated China, set a world attendance record for a women's sporting event of 90,185 in a sellout at the Rose Bowl in Southern California. The record for Olympic women's soccer attendance was set by the 2012 Olympic final between the USWNT and Japan, with 80,023 spectators at Wembley Stadium. In recent years, the players of the USWNT have waged an escalating legal fight with the United States Soccer Federation over gender discrimination. Central to their demands is equal pay.", "The stadium hosted the prestigious 1994 FIFA World Cup Final (an event watched by over 700 million people worldwide), the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, and the 1984 Olympic Gold Medal Match, making it the only venue in the world to host all three of international soccer's major championship matches. The United States men's national soccer team has played 17 games in the Rose Bowl, the fourth most of any venue. It has also hosted MLS Cup 1998 and the 2002 and 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup Finals. Mexico has played a number of friendlies in the stadium against nations other than the United States. In the past, it was also the home ground of two North American Soccer League clubs, the Los Angeles Wolves in 1968 and the Los Angeles Aztecs in 1978 and 1979. From 1996 through 2002, the stadium was the home ground of Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy, who still host occasional matches there. The Rose Bowl is one of two stadiums to have hosted the FIFA World Cup finals for both men and women. The Rose Bowl hosted the men's final in 1994 and the women's final in 1999. (The only other stadium with this honor is the R\u00e5sunda Stadium near Stockholm, Sweden, which hosted the men's final in 1958 and the women's final in 1995.) Both Rose Bowl finals were scoreless after double extra time and decided on penalty shootouts; Brazil beating Italy in the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final 3\u20132, and the United States beating China in the 1999 women's final 5\u20134. The Rose Bowl also hosted group stage matches of the Copa Am\u00e9rica Centenario in 2016. It also hosted several matches including the final of the 1984 Olympics men's soccer tournament. On July 27, 2016, the Rose Bowl hosted a 2016 International Champions Cup match between Chelsea and Liverpool. Chelsea won the match 1-0."], "answer": {"text": "China", "answer_start": 1299}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Mia Hamm score her 108th international goal?", "answer": {"text": "On May 22, 1999,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team was it against?", "answer": {"text": "Brazil", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the game?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she the best player on the team?", "answer": {"text": "Hamm broke the all-time international goal record with her 108th goal in a game", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the US do in the World Cup that year?", "answer": {"text": "The U.S. won 7-1 and secured a berth in the quarter-finals.", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get to the finals?", "answer": {"text": "the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup Final was decided by a penalty shootout between the U.S. and China.", "answer_start": 1206, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#0", "question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "rewrite": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.", "Linus Pauling Award The Linus Pauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland sections of the American Chemical Society, and is named after the US chemist Linus Pauling (1901\u20131994), to whom it was first awarded in 1966. Another Linus Pauling Award is given annually by the Chemistry Department at Buffalo State College. Source: ACS", "Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "In 1963, President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The signing of this treaty directly resulted in Linus Pauling's receipt of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, his second unshared Nobel Prize. In an interview which aired on the Nova TV series in 1977, Ava Helen Pauling explained: Ava Helen Pauling died on December 7, 1981 after a long battle with stomach cancer and subsequent internal hemorrhaging. In recognition of her efforts for peace and equality, Oregon State University's College of Liberal Arts established the Ava Helen Pauling Lectureship on World Peace, now known as the Pauling Peace Lectureship, in 1982. The inaugural lecturer was Linus Pauling and subsequent lecturers have included Paul Warnke, Helen Caldicott, Noam Chomsky, and Arun Gandhi. Additionally, the Linus Pauling Institute chose to honor her with an endowed position, the Ava Helen Pauling Chair, in 1996.", "Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (n\u00e9e Miller; December 24, 1903 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's rights, racial equality, and international peace. An avid New Dealer, Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing Linus Pauling to the field of peace studies, for which he received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Most prominent among the various causes she supported was the issue of ending nuclear proliferation. Ava Helen Pauling worked with her husband, advocating a stop to the production and use of nuclear arms. Their campaigning helped lead to the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, effectively ending the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. Ava Helen Miller, the tenth of twelve children, was raised on a farm outside Beavercreek, Oregon. Her father, George Miller, a school teacher, and her mother, Elnora Gard Miller, expressed socialist ideals and encouraged liberal thinking and discussion in the home. Linus Pauling explained, \"Ava Helen had been interested in social, political and economic problems ever since she was a teenager. She used to argue with a friend of the family, one of the judges of the Oregon State Supreme Court. She had a general interest in science and was very able, very smart, but she was really concerned about human beings. The humanistic concern she had was very great.\" At the age of thirteen, two years after the divorce of her parents, Ava Helen moved to Salem, Oregon, to live with her sister. She graduated from Salem High School in May 1918, three years after entering, and then enrolled in the Oregon Agricultural College, now Oregon State University."], "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#1", "question": "Who opposed his works?", "rewrite": "Who opposed Linus Pauling work?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "Linus Pauling Award The Linus Pauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland sections of the American Chemical Society, and is named after the US chemist Linus Pauling (1901\u20131994), to whom it was first awarded in 1966. Another Linus Pauling Award is given annually by the Chemistry Department at Buffalo State College. Source: ACS", "Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (n\u00e9e Miller; December 24, 1903 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's rights, racial equality, and international peace. An avid New Dealer, Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing Linus Pauling to the field of peace studies, for which he received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Most prominent among the various causes she supported was the issue of ending nuclear proliferation. Ava Helen Pauling worked with her husband, advocating a stop to the production and use of nuclear arms. Their campaigning helped lead to the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, effectively ending the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. Ava Helen Miller, the tenth of twelve children, was raised on a farm outside Beavercreek, Oregon. Her father, George Miller, a school teacher, and her mother, Elnora Gard Miller, expressed socialist ideals and encouraged liberal thinking and discussion in the home. Linus Pauling explained, \"Ava Helen had been interested in social, political and economic problems ever since she was a teenager. She used to argue with a friend of the family, one of the judges of the Oregon State Supreme Court. She had a general interest in science and was very able, very smart, but she was really concerned about human beings. The humanistic concern she had was very great.\" At the age of thirteen, two years after the divorce of her parents, Ava Helen moved to Salem, Oregon, to live with her sister. She graduated from Salem High School in May 1918, three years after entering, and then enrolled in the Oregon Agricultural College, now Oregon State University.", "In 1963, President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The signing of this treaty directly resulted in Linus Pauling's receipt of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, his second unshared Nobel Prize. In an interview which aired on the Nova TV series in 1977, Ava Helen Pauling explained: Ava Helen Pauling died on December 7, 1981 after a long battle with stomach cancer and subsequent internal hemorrhaging. In recognition of her efforts for peace and equality, Oregon State University's College of Liberal Arts established the Ava Helen Pauling Lectureship on World Peace, now known as the Pauling Peace Lectureship, in 1982. The inaugural lecturer was Linus Pauling and subsequent lecturers have included Paul Warnke, Helen Caldicott, Noam Chomsky, and Arun Gandhi. Additionally, the Linus Pauling Institute chose to honor her with an endowed position, the Ava Helen Pauling Chair, in 1996.", "As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing."], "answer": {"text": "scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism.", "answer_start": 37}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#2", "question": "What political positions made him unpopular?", "rewrite": "What political positions made Linus Pauling unpopular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Linus Pauling Award The Linus Pauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland sections of the American Chemical Society, and is named after the US chemist Linus Pauling (1901\u20131994), to whom it was first awarded in 1966. Another Linus Pauling Award is given annually by the Chemistry Department at Buffalo State College. Source: ACS", "Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (n\u00e9e Miller; December 24, 1903 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's rights, racial equality, and international peace. An avid New Dealer, Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing Linus Pauling to the field of peace studies, for which he received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Most prominent among the various causes she supported was the issue of ending nuclear proliferation. Ava Helen Pauling worked with her husband, advocating a stop to the production and use of nuclear arms. Their campaigning helped lead to the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, effectively ending the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. Ava Helen Miller, the tenth of twelve children, was raised on a farm outside Beavercreek, Oregon. Her father, George Miller, a school teacher, and her mother, Elnora Gard Miller, expressed socialist ideals and encouraged liberal thinking and discussion in the home. Linus Pauling explained, \"Ava Helen had been interested in social, political and economic problems ever since she was a teenager. She used to argue with a friend of the family, one of the judges of the Oregon State Supreme Court. She had a general interest in science and was very able, very smart, but she was really concerned about human beings. The humanistic concern she had was very great.\" At the age of thirteen, two years after the divorce of her parents, Ava Helen moved to Salem, Oregon, to live with her sister. She graduated from Salem High School in May 1918, three years after entering, and then enrolled in the Oregon Agricultural College, now Oregon State University.", "As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.", "Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "In 1963, President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The signing of this treaty directly resulted in Linus Pauling's receipt of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, his second unshared Nobel Prize. In an interview which aired on the Nova TV series in 1977, Ava Helen Pauling explained: Ava Helen Pauling died on December 7, 1981 after a long battle with stomach cancer and subsequent internal hemorrhaging. In recognition of her efforts for peace and equality, Oregon State University's College of Liberal Arts established the Ava Helen Pauling Lectureship on World Peace, now known as the Pauling Peace Lectureship, in 1982. The inaugural lecturer was Linus Pauling and subsequent lecturers have included Paul Warnke, Helen Caldicott, Noam Chomsky, and Arun Gandhi. Additionally, the Linus Pauling Institute chose to honor her with an endowed position, the Ava Helen Pauling Chair, in 1996."], "answer": {"text": "Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism.", "answer_start": 665}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who opposed his works?", "answer": {"text": "scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism.", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#3", "question": "Is there anything else unique about his political beliefs?", "rewrite": "Is there anything else unique about Linus Pauling's political beliefs other than promoting Soviet-style communism?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (n\u00e9e Miller; December 24, 1903 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's rights, racial equality, and international peace. An avid New Dealer, Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing Linus Pauling to the field of peace studies, for which he received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Most prominent among the various causes she supported was the issue of ending nuclear proliferation. Ava Helen Pauling worked with her husband, advocating a stop to the production and use of nuclear arms. Their campaigning helped lead to the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, effectively ending the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. Ava Helen Miller, the tenth of twelve children, was raised on a farm outside Beavercreek, Oregon. Her father, George Miller, a school teacher, and her mother, Elnora Gard Miller, expressed socialist ideals and encouraged liberal thinking and discussion in the home. Linus Pauling explained, \"Ava Helen had been interested in social, political and economic problems ever since she was a teenager. She used to argue with a friend of the family, one of the judges of the Oregon State Supreme Court. She had a general interest in science and was very able, very smart, but she was really concerned about human beings. The humanistic concern she had was very great.\" At the age of thirteen, two years after the divorce of her parents, Ava Helen moved to Salem, Oregon, to live with her sister. She graduated from Salem High School in May 1918, three years after entering, and then enrolled in the Oregon Agricultural College, now Oregon State University.", "In 1963, President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The signing of this treaty directly resulted in Linus Pauling's receipt of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, his second unshared Nobel Prize. In an interview which aired on the Nova TV series in 1977, Ava Helen Pauling explained: Ava Helen Pauling died on December 7, 1981 after a long battle with stomach cancer and subsequent internal hemorrhaging. In recognition of her efforts for peace and equality, Oregon State University's College of Liberal Arts established the Ava Helen Pauling Lectureship on World Peace, now known as the Pauling Peace Lectureship, in 1982. The inaugural lecturer was Linus Pauling and subsequent lecturers have included Paul Warnke, Helen Caldicott, Noam Chomsky, and Arun Gandhi. Additionally, the Linus Pauling Institute chose to honor her with an endowed position, the Ava Helen Pauling Chair, in 1996.", "Linus Pauling Award The Linus Pauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland sections of the American Chemical Society, and is named after the US chemist Linus Pauling (1901\u20131994), to whom it was first awarded in 1966. Another Linus Pauling Award is given annually by the Chemistry Department at Buffalo State College. Source: ACS", "Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing."], "answer": {"text": "In 1960 he was ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee,", "answer_start": 207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who opposed his works?", "answer": {"text": "scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism.", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political positions made him unpopular?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#4", "question": "Were there any consequences for him?", "rewrite": "Were there any consequences for Linus Pauling after being ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee in 1960?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jaffe agreed to plead guilty and pay a fine of $2,500, while Larsen pleaded no contest and was fined $500. The charges against Roth were dropped. The \"Amerasia Affair\" became a touchstone for those who wanted to raise alarms about espionage and the possible Communist infiltration of the State Department. Senator Joseph McCarthy often spoke of the case in these terms, maintaining it was a security breach and cover-up of immense proportions. In 1946, a House Judiciary subcommittee chaired by Rep. Samuel F. Hobbs and, in 1950, the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, commonly known as the Tydings Committee, investigated the \"Amerasia\" case. In 1955, the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee sought the \"Amerasia\" materials from the Justice Department. The records were declassified and the Justice Department delivered 1,260 documents to the Subcommittee in 1956 and 1957. The Senate Internal Security Subcommittee published a two-volume report, \"The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China\", in 1970. It ascribed the communist revolution in China in part to the Communist sympathies of the Chinese policy experts in the Foreign Service, known as the \"China Hands\".", "As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.", "United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security The Special Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, 1951\u201377, more commonly known as the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee (SISS) and sometimes the McCarran Committee, was authorized under S. 366, approved December 21, 1950, to study and investigate (1) the administration, operation, and enforcement of the Internal Security Act of 1950 (, also known as the McCarran Act) and other laws relating to espionage, sabotage, and the protection of the internal security of the United States and (2) the extent, nature, and effects of subversive activities in the United States \"including, but not limited to, espionage, sabotage, and infiltration of persons who are or may be under the domination of the foreign government or organization controlling the world Communist movement or any movement seeking to overthrow the Government of the United States by force and violence\". The resolution also authorized the subcommittee to subpoena witnesses and require the production of documents. Because of the nature of its investigations, the subcommittee is considered by some to be the Senate equivalent to the older House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). The chairman of the subcommittee in the 82nd United States Congress was Patrick McCarran of Nevada. William Jenner of Indiana took over during the 83rd United States Congress after the Republicans gained control of the Senate in the 1952 election. When the Democrats regained control in the 84th Congress (1955\u20131957), James O. Eastland of Mississippi became chairman, a position he held until the subcommittee was abolished in 1977.", "Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "Many of Pauling's critics, including scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism. In 1960 he was ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, which termed him \"the number one scientific name in virtually every major activity of the Communist peace offensive in this country.\" A headline in Life magazine characterized his 1962 Nobel Prize as \"A Weird Insult from Norway\". Pauling was a frequent target of The National Review magazine. In an article entitled \"The Collaborators\" in the magazine's July 17, 1962 issue, Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism. In 1965, Pauling sued the magazine, its publisher William Rusher, and its editor William F. Buckley, Jr for $1 million. He lost both his libel suits and the 1968 appeal. His peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech. In 1958, the Caltech Board of Trustees demanded that Pauling step down as chairman of the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division. Although he had retained tenure as a full professor, Pauling chose to resign from Caltech after he received the Nobel peace prize money. He spent the next three years at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (1963-1967). In 1967 he moved to the University of California at San Diego, but remained there only briefly, leaving in 1969 in part because of political tensions with the Reagan-era board of regents. From 1969 to 1974 he accepted a position as Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University."], "answer": {"text": "Pauling sued the magazine, its publisher William Rusher, and its editor William F. Buckley, Jr for $1 million. He lost both his libel suits and the 1968 appeal.", "answer_start": 794}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who opposed his works?", "answer": {"text": "scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism.", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political positions made him unpopular?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else unique about his political beliefs?", "answer": {"text": "In 1960 he was ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee,", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#5", "question": "Why did he sue a magazine for libel? What did they say about him?", "rewrite": "Why did Linus Pauling sue a magazine for libel?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "Linus Pauling Award The Linus Pauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland sections of the American Chemical Society, and is named after the US chemist Linus Pauling (1901\u20131994), to whom it was first awarded in 1966. Another Linus Pauling Award is given annually by the Chemistry Department at Buffalo State College. Source: ACS", "In 1963, President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The signing of this treaty directly resulted in Linus Pauling's receipt of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, his second unshared Nobel Prize. In an interview which aired on the Nova TV series in 1977, Ava Helen Pauling explained: Ava Helen Pauling died on December 7, 1981 after a long battle with stomach cancer and subsequent internal hemorrhaging. In recognition of her efforts for peace and equality, Oregon State University's College of Liberal Arts established the Ava Helen Pauling Lectureship on World Peace, now known as the Pauling Peace Lectureship, in 1982. The inaugural lecturer was Linus Pauling and subsequent lecturers have included Paul Warnke, Helen Caldicott, Noam Chomsky, and Arun Gandhi. Additionally, the Linus Pauling Institute chose to honor her with an endowed position, the Ava Helen Pauling Chair, in 1996.", "As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.", "Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (n\u00e9e Miller; December 24, 1903 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's rights, racial equality, and international peace. An avid New Dealer, Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing Linus Pauling to the field of peace studies, for which he received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Most prominent among the various causes she supported was the issue of ending nuclear proliferation. Ava Helen Pauling worked with her husband, advocating a stop to the production and use of nuclear arms. Their campaigning helped lead to the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, effectively ending the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. Ava Helen Miller, the tenth of twelve children, was raised on a farm outside Beavercreek, Oregon. Her father, George Miller, a school teacher, and her mother, Elnora Gard Miller, expressed socialist ideals and encouraged liberal thinking and discussion in the home. Linus Pauling explained, \"Ava Helen had been interested in social, political and economic problems ever since she was a teenager. She used to argue with a friend of the family, one of the judges of the Oregon State Supreme Court. She had a general interest in science and was very able, very smart, but she was really concerned about human beings. The humanistic concern she had was very great.\" At the age of thirteen, two years after the divorce of her parents, Ava Helen moved to Salem, Oregon, to live with her sister. She graduated from Salem High School in May 1918, three years after entering, and then enrolled in the Oregon Agricultural College, now Oregon State University."], "answer": {"text": "A headline in Life magazine characterized his 1962 Nobel Prize as \"A Weird Insult from Norway\".", "answer_start": 424}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who opposed his works?", "answer": {"text": "scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism.", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political positions made him unpopular?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else unique about his political beliefs?", "answer": {"text": "In 1960 he was ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee,", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any consequences for him?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling sued the magazine, its publisher William Rusher, and its editor William F. Buckley, Jr for $1 million. He lost both his libel suits and the 1968 appeal.", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#6", "question": "Did he have any other difficulties in his public/political life?", "rewrite": "Did Linus Pauling have any other difficulties in his public/political life other than the Life magazine that characterized Pauling's 1962 Nobel Prize as \"A Weird Insult from Norway\"", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (n\u00e9e Miller; December 24, 1903 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's rights, racial equality, and international peace. An avid New Dealer, Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing Linus Pauling to the field of peace studies, for which he received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Most prominent among the various causes she supported was the issue of ending nuclear proliferation. Ava Helen Pauling worked with her husband, advocating a stop to the production and use of nuclear arms. Their campaigning helped lead to the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, effectively ending the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. Ava Helen Miller, the tenth of twelve children, was raised on a farm outside Beavercreek, Oregon. Her father, George Miller, a school teacher, and her mother, Elnora Gard Miller, expressed socialist ideals and encouraged liberal thinking and discussion in the home. Linus Pauling explained, \"Ava Helen had been interested in social, political and economic problems ever since she was a teenager. She used to argue with a friend of the family, one of the judges of the Oregon State Supreme Court. She had a general interest in science and was very able, very smart, but she was really concerned about human beings. The humanistic concern she had was very great.\" At the age of thirteen, two years after the divorce of her parents, Ava Helen moved to Salem, Oregon, to live with her sister. She graduated from Salem High School in May 1918, three years after entering, and then enrolled in the Oregon Agricultural College, now Oregon State University.", "In 1963, President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The signing of this treaty directly resulted in Linus Pauling's receipt of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, his second unshared Nobel Prize. In an interview which aired on the Nova TV series in 1977, Ava Helen Pauling explained: Ava Helen Pauling died on December 7, 1981 after a long battle with stomach cancer and subsequent internal hemorrhaging. In recognition of her efforts for peace and equality, Oregon State University's College of Liberal Arts established the Ava Helen Pauling Lectureship on World Peace, now known as the Pauling Peace Lectureship, in 1982. The inaugural lecturer was Linus Pauling and subsequent lecturers have included Paul Warnke, Helen Caldicott, Noam Chomsky, and Arun Gandhi. Additionally, the Linus Pauling Institute chose to honor her with an endowed position, the Ava Helen Pauling Chair, in 1996.", "Many of Pauling's critics, including scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism. In 1960 he was ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, which termed him \"the number one scientific name in virtually every major activity of the Communist peace offensive in this country.\" A headline in Life magazine characterized his 1962 Nobel Prize as \"A Weird Insult from Norway\". Pauling was a frequent target of The National Review magazine. In an article entitled \"The Collaborators\" in the magazine's July 17, 1962 issue, Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism. In 1965, Pauling sued the magazine, its publisher William Rusher, and its editor William F. Buckley, Jr for $1 million. He lost both his libel suits and the 1968 appeal. His peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech. In 1958, the Caltech Board of Trustees demanded that Pauling step down as chairman of the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Division. Although he had retained tenure as a full professor, Pauling chose to resign from Caltech after he received the Nobel peace prize money. He spent the next three years at the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (1963-1967). In 1967 he moved to the University of California at San Diego, but remained there only briefly, leaving in 1969 in part because of political tensions with the Reagan-era board of regents. From 1969 to 1974 he accepted a position as Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University.", "As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing."], "answer": {"text": "he moved to the University of California at San Diego, but remained there only briefly, leaving in 1969 in part because of political tensions with the Reagan-era board of regents.", "answer_start": 1475}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who opposed his works?", "answer": {"text": "scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism.", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political positions made him unpopular?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else unique about his political beliefs?", "answer": {"text": "In 1960 he was ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee,", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any consequences for him?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling sued the magazine, its publisher William Rusher, and its editor William F. Buckley, Jr for $1 million. He lost both his libel suits and the 1968 appeal.", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he sue a magazine for libel? What did they say about him?", "answer": {"text": "A headline in Life magazine characterized his 1962 Nobel Prize as \"A Weird Insult from Norway\".", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e842046ffc964d2ab9a90bb1e0dff703_1_q#7", "question": "How did people in his personal life react to his beliefs?", "rewrite": "How did people in Linus Pauling's personal life react to his beliefs?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As a result, Linus Pauling became publicly involved in the cause, eventually joining the Pasadena chapter of Federal Union, the organizational outgrowth of Union Now. In 1940, thanks in part to Ava Helen's suggestion, Linus Pauling gave his first political speech, urging his audience to consider Union Now as a movement toward a viable system of government. This effectively began Pauling's career as a public proponent of peace and human rights. Ava Helen was deeply involved in the movement for women's rights. Following World War II, she became a member of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, or WILPF, Women Strike for Peace and Women Act for Disarmament, an international federation of women's groups in which she held the position of honorary chairwoman. She also worked to bring together fellow activists in support of women, helping to organize the \"Women's Peace March\" in Europe. In addition to her membership in various women's organizations, Ava Helen served as three time national vice-president for WILPF, one of the many women-led groups that supported the Paulings' peace efforts. For much of her life, Ava Helen Pauling made world peace her primary political concern. During the Cold War, she and her husband protested against nuclear armament and worked to increase public awareness of the danger of nuclear war. Even after Linus Pauling came under fire from the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, or SISS, the Paulings continued to campaign for global peace. Ava Helen Pauling traveled throughout the United States and Europe giving speeches emphasizing the importance of peace. She was also instrumental in bringing together various groups in marches and rallies to protest U.S. military policy and McCarthyism. After collecting over 9,000 signatures from scientists worldwide, in 1958 the Paulings presented the United Nations with a petition demanding an end to atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.", "In 1963, President John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev signed the Partial Test Ban Treaty. The signing of this treaty directly resulted in Linus Pauling's receipt of the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize, his second unshared Nobel Prize. In an interview which aired on the Nova TV series in 1977, Ava Helen Pauling explained: Ava Helen Pauling died on December 7, 1981 after a long battle with stomach cancer and subsequent internal hemorrhaging. In recognition of her efforts for peace and equality, Oregon State University's College of Liberal Arts established the Ava Helen Pauling Lectureship on World Peace, now known as the Pauling Peace Lectureship, in 1982. The inaugural lecturer was Linus Pauling and subsequent lecturers have included Paul Warnke, Helen Caldicott, Noam Chomsky, and Arun Gandhi. Additionally, the Linus Pauling Institute chose to honor her with an endowed position, the Ava Helen Pauling Chair, in 1996.", "Linus Pauling Institute The Linus Pauling Institute is a research institute located at the Oregon State University with a focus on health maintenance. The mission statement of the institute is to determine the functional roles of micronutrients and phytochemicals in promoting optimal health and to treat or prevent human disease, and to determine the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in health and disease. There are several major areas of research occurring at the institute, focused on many vitamins, minerals and other compounds found in the diet. The Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine was founded in 1973 in Menlo Park, California by Linus Pauling and several colleagues under the name Institute of Orthomolecular Medicine. Due to Linus Pauling's death, it relocated to Oregon in 1996, and was renamed the Linus Pauling Institute. Several researchers from the institute, including the assistant director of research, went on to form the Genetic Information Research Institute in nearby Mountain View, CA. Since January 2018, the director of the Linus Pauling Institute is Dr. Richard B. van Breemen, a pharmacologist. The institute is housed in the Linus Pauling Science Center, which opened in October 2011. It is the largest-ever academic building on the Oregon State University campus. The Linus Pauling Institute receives a significant amount of research funding from private and public organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health. The Linus Pauling Institute web site is home to the Micronutrient Information Center, an online database for vitamin, mineral, phytochemical and nutrition information. The institute also produces a free biannual newsletter with information on micronutrient research, sponsors several research awards, and promotes several outreach programs.", "Linus Pauling Award The Linus Pauling Award is an award recognizing outstanding achievement in chemistry. It is awarded annually by the Puget Sound, Oregon, and Portland sections of the American Chemical Society, and is named after the US chemist Linus Pauling (1901\u20131994), to whom it was first awarded in 1966. Another Linus Pauling Award is given annually by the Chemistry Department at Buffalo State College. Source: ACS", "Ava Helen Pauling Ava Helen Pauling (n\u00e9e Miller; December 24, 1903 \u2013 December 7, 1981) was an American human rights activist and wife of Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling. Throughout her life, she was involved in various social movements including women's rights, racial equality, and international peace. An avid New Dealer, Ava Helen Pauling was heavily interested in American politics and social reforms. She is credited with introducing Linus Pauling to the field of peace studies, for which he received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize. Most prominent among the various causes she supported was the issue of ending nuclear proliferation. Ava Helen Pauling worked with her husband, advocating a stop to the production and use of nuclear arms. Their campaigning helped lead to the Limited Test Ban Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union, effectively ending the above-ground testing of nuclear weapons. Ava Helen Miller, the tenth of twelve children, was raised on a farm outside Beavercreek, Oregon. Her father, George Miller, a school teacher, and her mother, Elnora Gard Miller, expressed socialist ideals and encouraged liberal thinking and discussion in the home. Linus Pauling explained, \"Ava Helen had been interested in social, political and economic problems ever since she was a teenager. She used to argue with a friend of the family, one of the judges of the Oregon State Supreme Court. She had a general interest in science and was very able, very smart, but she was really concerned about human beings. The humanistic concern she had was very great.\" At the age of thirteen, two years after the divorce of her parents, Ava Helen moved to Salem, Oregon, to live with her sister. She graduated from Salem High School in May 1918, three years after entering, and then enrolled in the Oregon Agricultural College, now Oregon State University."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What types of things was Linus Pauling criticized for?", "answer": {"text": "peace activism, his frequent travels, and his enthusiastic expansion into chemical-biomedical research all aroused opposition at Caltech.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who opposed his works?", "answer": {"text": "scientists who appreciated the contributions that he had made in chemistry, disagreed with his political positions and saw him as a naive spokesman for Soviet communism.", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political positions made him unpopular?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling was referred to not only as a collaborator, but as a \"fellow traveler\" of proponents of Soviet-style communism.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else unique about his political beliefs?", "answer": {"text": "In 1960 he was ordered to appear before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee,", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any consequences for him?", "answer": {"text": "Pauling sued the magazine, its publisher William Rusher, and its editor William F. Buckley, Jr for $1 million. He lost both his libel suits and the 1968 appeal.", "answer_start": 794, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he sue a magazine for libel? What did they say about him?", "answer": {"text": "A headline in Life magazine characterized his 1962 Nobel Prize as \"A Weird Insult from Norway\".", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other difficulties in his public/political life?", "answer": {"text": "he moved to the University of California at San Diego, but remained there only briefly, leaving in 1969 in part because of political tensions with the Reagan-era board of regents.", "answer_start": 1475, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#0", "question": "What is Chapter V?", "rewrite": "What is Chapter V?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The island of Lausicaa (chapter II.2) is notable for its matriarchal social system, which requires that all adult males go \"under the veil\". At Tustvold (chapter III.1), the women practise trades (cobbler, tanner, butcher etc.), while their husbands pass their time as idle stylites, basking atop columns in the health-giving rays of the dying sun. The height of a husband's column is an index of the wife's position in the social hierarchy. The description of Gundar (chapter V.1) provides a fuller ethnology, including aspects such as architecture and costume, as well as their historical/mythical rationale. Gundar is the last isolated outpost of the Order of Solar Emosynaries, who believe that by focusing the heat of a fire on the solar disk by means of a complicated contraption of lenses they prevent the dying sun from being extinguished. The natives of Lumarth (chapter V.1) are demon-worshippers who hypocritically justify their religious practices using an elaborate doctrine of altruism and benevolence. The two separate sections that make up chapter V of \"Cugel's Saga\" were published and, it may be assumed, written a number of years prior to the rest of the book. Unlike \"The Eyes of the Overworld\", \"Cugel's Saga\" is therefore only partially a \"fix-up\". \"The Seventeen Virgins\", chapter V.1, was first published in the October 1974 issue of \"The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction\", almost a decade before the first edition of the complete novel. \"", "Simply Amazing  \" Simply Amazing\" is a song by American recording artist Trey Songz for his fifth studio album, \"Chapter V\" (2012). It was written by Songz, Najja McDwell with its producers Troy Taylor and Christopher \"C4\" Umana. It was released as the third single from the album in Europe on August 3, 2012. \" Simply Amazing\" is a pop and pop rock song built as an acoustic-driven, midtempo ballad, while also having R&B beats and Songz' smooth vocals. Lyrically, \"Simply Amazing\" is a love song about someone who rekindled the protagonist's belief in love. It received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised his seductive vocals as well as its pop chorus. Critics also found similarities with Usher songs and predicted it would be his crossover hit. It indeed charted very high in the United Kingdom, peaking at number eight and becoming his first UK top-ten hit. After releasing his fourth studio album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" (2010), Trey Songz released his first EP, \"Inevitable\", in 2011. The EP features five songs that were recorded, but not included on his then upcoming album, \"Chapter V\" which was set to be released in 2012. According to him, the album was \"a representation of his past, present and future musically. \" Its lead-single, \"Heart Attack\", was released on March 26, 2012, followed by \"2 Reasons\", the album's second single, released on June 12, 2012. \" Simply Amazing\" was then released as \"Chapter V\"'s second single in Europe on August 3, 2012, and in the UK on August 12, 2012. \"Simply Amazing\" was written by Trey Songz, Najja McDowell, Troy Taylor and Christopher 'C4'", "Chapter V World Tour The Chapter V World Tour Presented by ooVoo (or the Chapter V World Tour) is a concert tour headlined by Grammy-nominated singer-songwriter Trey Songz. The tour opened a North American leg with 25 shows. Promoting his fifth studio album, \"Chapter V\", the tour started on November 17, 2012 in Atlanta, Georgia and ended on December 31, 2012 in Houston, Texas. It features Miguel and Elle Varner as supporting acts. \"As I enter this next chapter of my life, what better way than to celebrate with the very people who have made me who I am today; MY FANS and my Angels. They are continuously there for me and as we embark on the Chapter V World Tour, I plan on giving them the experience of a lifetime. I can't think of anyone else I would rather share my stage with, than two artists who are at the forefront of our genre, Miguel and Elle Varner. We're moving R&B forward and I look forward to touching so many cities and countries over the coming months. I would also like to thank Larry and my good friends at ooVoo for presenting the Chapter V World Tour. Today, social media plays such an important role in our lives and I appreciate ooVoo's commitment to keeping me connected with my Angels and fans all around the world, by connecting us anywhere and at any time through video chat rooms, video messaging, and screen sharing. I\u2019m looking forward to celebrating with you all\", Songz says of the upcoming \"Chapter V World Tour Presented By ooVoo.\"", "Chapter V (Trey Songz album) Chapter V is the fifth studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz, released on August 21, 2012, by Atlantic Records. It was produced by several record producers, including Troy Taylor, Eric Hudson, Rico Love, and Benny Blanco, among others. Recording sessions for the album took place at several recording studios in Miami\u2014Circle House Studios and Songbook Miami Studios\u2014and New York City\u2014Downtown Music Studios, Engine Room Audio, Icon Studio, Lotzah Matzah Studios, and Premier Digital\u2014as well as Stanley House Studios in London. The album debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 135,000 copies in its first week. It was promoted with four singles, including the Grammy nominated hit \"Heart Attack\" UK hit \"Simply Amazing\" and US hit 2 Reasons. Upon its release, \"Chapter V\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who complimented its sound and Songz' singing, although some were ambivalent towards its songwriting and themes. \"Chapter V\" was released on August 21, 2012, by Atlantic Records, and on August 17 as a digital download. Trey Songz toured in promotion of the album on his Anticipation 2our, a tour spanning from February 9 to March 11, 2012, in North America. Rapper Big Sean was the tour's supporting act. Music videos for \"Hail Mary\" and \"Dive In\", directed by Justin Francis, were released, on August 20 and October 7, respectively. The album's lead single, \"Heart Attack\", was released as a digital download on March 26, 2012. It charted at number 35 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and number 28 on the UK Singles Chart. Its music video was released on May 4 and featured Kelly Rowland playing Songz' love interest.", "In the footnotes of this chapter Simon photographed a VHS tape of \"Pulgasari\", a film produced by director Shin Sang-ok, later captured by North Korea in order to utilize his film-making talents to improve the film industry in North Korea. The footnotes also include \"Megumi\", a graphic novel about the abduction of Megumi Yokota, as a photograph of Tongyeong Port, where Cheo Jangguen was last seen leaving for a mission, as well as Choe's identity documents and photographs of his ship returning after his abduction by North Korean armed forces. In 2013\u20132014, \"A Living Man Declared Dead\" series was exhibited at the Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in Beijing. Exhibition of the text panels for Chapter V was not allowed. In response, Simon exhibited the censored panels as black bars at Ullens alongside the rest of the exhibition. This rendition of Chapter V proposed a dialogue of censorship and political allegiances newly a part of the exhibition. The censored rendition of Chapter V entered the collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2013. In Chapter XV, Simon asked the State Council Information Office (SCIO) of the People's Republic of China in 2009 to choose a family to represent China. The SCIO selected the Su Qijian bloodline, a middle-class family from Beijing, with no particular reasoning provided. This chapter is one of the few of the series in which all members of the family were present for the photography shoot. In the footnotes Simon photographed a media tower, which was a request of SCIO, as well as a gift bag provided by SCIO. The text panel describes SCIO's role in circulating both internal and external media regarding Chinese national affairs. The bloodline of Chapter XV demonstrates the evolution of the one-child policy, which was adopted by China between 1978 and 1980."], "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#1", "question": "Did Trey enjoy making this album?", "rewrite": "Did Trey Songz enjoy making the Chapter V album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Chapter V (Trey Songz album) Chapter V is the fifth studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz, released on August 21, 2012, by Atlantic Records. It was produced by several record producers, including Troy Taylor, Eric Hudson, Rico Love, and Benny Blanco, among others. Recording sessions for the album took place at several recording studios in Miami\u2014Circle House Studios and Songbook Miami Studios\u2014and New York City\u2014Downtown Music Studios, Engine Room Audio, Icon Studio, Lotzah Matzah Studios, and Premier Digital\u2014as well as Stanley House Studios in London. The album debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, selling 135,000 copies in its first week. It was promoted with four singles, including the Grammy nominated hit \"Heart Attack\" UK hit \"Simply Amazing\" and US hit 2 Reasons. Upon its release, \"Chapter V\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who complimented its sound and Songz' singing, although some were ambivalent towards its songwriting and themes. \"Chapter V\" was released on August 21, 2012, by Atlantic Records, and on August 17 as a digital download. Trey Songz toured in promotion of the album on his Anticipation 2our, a tour spanning from February 9 to March 11, 2012, in North America. Rapper Big Sean was the tour's supporting act. Music videos for \"Hail Mary\" and \"Dive In\", directed by Justin Francis, were released, on August 20 and October 7, respectively. The album's lead single, \"Heart Attack\", was released as a digital download on March 26, 2012. It charted at number 35 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and number 28 on the UK Singles Chart. Its music video was released on May 4 and featured Kelly Rowland playing Songz' love interest.", "- \"Don't Talk, Just Listen\"  Lloyd - \"Street Love\"  Beanie Sigel - \" The Solution\"  Kanye West - \"Graduation\"  Kevin Michael - \"kevin Michael\"  Chris Brown - \"Exclusive\"  Leona Lewis - \"Spirit\" Trey Songz - \"Trey Day\" Mary J. Blige - \"Growing Pains\" Jordin Sparks - \"This Christmas\" soundtrack  Brandy - \"Meet the Browns\" soundtrack  Cheri Dennis - \" In and out of Love\"  Tiffany Evans- \"Tiffany Evans\"  Raven-Symon\u00e9 - \"Raven-Symon\u00e9\"  Cherish - \"The Truth\"  Jesse McCartney - \"Departure\"  Nas - \"Untitled Nas album\"  Lloyd - \"Lessons in Love\" \"Corbin Bleu\" - \"Speed of Light\" Flo Rida - \"R.O.O.T.S.\" Jadakiss - \"The Last Kiss\" Trey Songz - \"Ready\" Whitney Houston - \"I Look to You\" Fat Joe - \"Jealous Ones Still Envy 2 (J.O.S.E. 2) \" Mario - \"D.N.A.\"  Amerie - \"In Love & War\"  Brandy - \"Unreleased\"  Brutha - \"Can't Get Enough\" single  Trey Songz - \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" Jamie Foxx - \"Best Night of My Life\"  Lyfe Jennings - \"I Still Believe\"  Jaheim - \"Another Round\" Mary J. Blige -   Professor Green - \"At Your Inconvenience\"  Trey Songz - \"Inevitable\" Tank - \" This Is How I Feel\" Kendrick Lamar - \"GoodKid, M.A.A.D City\"  Rick Ross - \"God Forgives, I Don't (Rick Ross album)|God Forgives, I Don't\"  Trey Songz - \"Chapter V\" Bridget Kelly", "Trigga (album) Trigga is the sixth studio album by American singer Trey Songz. It was released on July 1, 2014, by Songbook and Atlantic Records. Following the release of his fifth studio album \"Chapter V\" (2012), Trey Songz made his acting debut in \"Texas Chainsaw 3D\" (2013). That same year, where Trey Songz began working on his sixth album. Trey Songz enlisted a variety of record producers such as DJ Mustard , Mike Will Made It, Da Internz, Soundz, Dun Deal, The Featherstones, D'Mile and The Insomniakz, among others. Upon its release, the album was met with positive reviews from critics, who praised \"Trigga's\" production, The album fared well commercially, debuting at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album was supported by six official singles: \"Na Na\", \"SmartPhones\", \"Foreign\", \"Change Your Mind\", \"What's Best for You\", and \"Touchin, Lovin\" featuring Nicki Minaj. \" Trigga\" has been available in a repackaged version, titled \"Trigga Reloaded\", as of June 2015. On February 15, 2014, Trey Songz announced that the title to his sixth studio album would be called \"Trigga\" and announced it would be released on June 30, 2014. On January 21, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's lead single, called \"Na Na\". On March 12, 2014, the music video was released for \"Na Na\". The song peaked at number 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On April 1, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's second single, called \"SmartPhones\". On May 10, 2014, the music video was released for \"SmartPhones\".", "Simply Amazing  \" Simply Amazing\" is a song by American recording artist Trey Songz for his fifth studio album, \"Chapter V\" (2012). It was written by Songz, Najja McDwell with its producers Troy Taylor and Christopher \"C4\" Umana. It was released as the third single from the album in Europe on August 3, 2012. \" Simply Amazing\" is a pop and pop rock song built as an acoustic-driven, midtempo ballad, while also having R&B beats and Songz' smooth vocals. Lyrically, \"Simply Amazing\" is a love song about someone who rekindled the protagonist's belief in love. It received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised his seductive vocals as well as its pop chorus. Critics also found similarities with Usher songs and predicted it would be his crossover hit. It indeed charted very high in the United Kingdom, peaking at number eight and becoming his first UK top-ten hit. After releasing his fourth studio album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" (2010), Trey Songz released his first EP, \"Inevitable\", in 2011. The EP features five songs that were recorded, but not included on his then upcoming album, \"Chapter V\" which was set to be released in 2012. According to him, the album was \"a representation of his past, present and future musically. \" Its lead-single, \"Heart Attack\", was released on March 26, 2012, followed by \"2 Reasons\", the album's second single, released on June 12, 2012. \" Simply Amazing\" was then released as \"Chapter V\"'s second single in Europe on August 3, 2012, and in the UK on August 12, 2012. \"Simply Amazing\" was written by Trey Songz, Najja McDowell, Troy Taylor and Christopher 'C4'", "Chapter V World Tour The Chapter V World Tour Presented by ooVoo (or the Chapter V World Tour) is a concert tour headlined by Grammy-nominated singer-songwriter Trey Songz. The tour opened a North American leg with 25 shows. Promoting his fifth studio album, \"Chapter V\", the tour started on November 17, 2012 in Atlanta, Georgia and ended on December 31, 2012 in Houston, Texas. It features Miguel and Elle Varner as supporting acts. \"As I enter this next chapter of my life, what better way than to celebrate with the very people who have made me who I am today; MY FANS and my Angels. They are continuously there for me and as we embark on the Chapter V World Tour, I plan on giving them the experience of a lifetime. I can't think of anyone else I would rather share my stage with, than two artists who are at the forefront of our genre, Miguel and Elle Varner. We're moving R&B forward and I look forward to touching so many cities and countries over the coming months. I would also like to thank Larry and my good friends at ooVoo for presenting the Chapter V World Tour. Today, social media plays such an important role in our lives and I appreciate ooVoo's commitment to keeping me connected with my Angels and fans all around the world, by connecting us anywhere and at any time through video chat rooms, video messaging, and screen sharing. I\u2019m looking forward to celebrating with you all\", Songz says of the upcoming \"Chapter V World Tour Presented By ooVoo.\""], "answer": {"text": "I'm just making music and enjoying myself in the studio and having fun.", "answer_start": 427}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Chapter V?", "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#2", "question": "When does he decide to release an album?", "rewrite": "When did Trey Songz decide to release an album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trigga (album) Trigga is the sixth studio album by American singer Trey Songz. It was released on July 1, 2014, by Songbook and Atlantic Records. Following the release of his fifth studio album \"Chapter V\" (2012), Trey Songz made his acting debut in \"Texas Chainsaw 3D\" (2013). That same year, where Trey Songz began working on his sixth album. Trey Songz enlisted a variety of record producers such as DJ Mustard , Mike Will Made It, Da Internz, Soundz, Dun Deal, The Featherstones, D'Mile and The Insomniakz, among others. Upon its release, the album was met with positive reviews from critics, who praised \"Trigga's\" production, The album fared well commercially, debuting at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album was supported by six official singles: \"Na Na\", \"SmartPhones\", \"Foreign\", \"Change Your Mind\", \"What's Best for You\", and \"Touchin, Lovin\" featuring Nicki Minaj. \" Trigga\" has been available in a repackaged version, titled \"Trigga Reloaded\", as of June 2015. On February 15, 2014, Trey Songz announced that the title to his sixth studio album would be called \"Trigga\" and announced it would be released on June 30, 2014. On January 21, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's lead single, called \"Na Na\". On March 12, 2014, the music video was released for \"Na Na\". The song peaked at number 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On April 1, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's second single, called \"SmartPhones\". On May 10, 2014, the music video was released for \"SmartPhones\".", "I Gotta Make It I Gotta Make It is the debut studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz. It was released on July 26, 2005, by Atlantic Records. Recording sessions took place from 2003 to 2005, with Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor, alongside Mike Caren and Delante Murphy serving as the records executive producers, while the additional production by Warryn Campbell and Bei Maejor; additionally, there are four guest appearances from American rappers Twista, Juvenile and T.I., alongside American R&B legend Aretha Franklin. The album was supported by two singles: \"Gotta Make It\" featuring Twista, and \"Gotta Go\". The album debuted at number 20 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The title track, called \"Gotta Make It\" was released as the first single from the album on November 23, 2004. The song features guest verse from American rapper Twista, while the production was provided by Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor. The album's second and final single, called \"Gotta Go\" was released on July 9, 2005. The song was produced by Troy Taylor. Information is taken from Liner Notes and Discogs.com except where noted. Tracks 1\u20136 & 8\u201317: Vocals produced by Trey Songz Tracks 5\u20137, 10 & 12: Vocals produced by Troy Taylor. Tracks 2\u20136, 8\u201310 & 12\u201317 feature Background Vocals performed by Trey Songz & Troy Taylor Sample credits", "Already Taken  \"Already Taken\" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz. It was released as a digital download on iTunes on June 30, 2010 as a single from the \"Step Up 3D\" soundtrack album and is also a bonus track on Trey Songz fourth album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\". A music video was shot and released on July 27, 2010. Trey Songz started working on the song with mentor Shaliek Powell in 2010. The producer of \"Step Up 3D\" wanted Trey to contribute to the new soundtrack, because he had also done a couple of songs for the soundtrack of the \"Step Up\" series. Trey can be seen working on the song in an episode of his documentary series on BET entitled \"Trey Songz: My Moment\". The song received heavy airplay and the video was played heavily on TV, mainly by BET. It peaked at number 39 on the R&B/ Hip Hop charts. Trey Songz performed \"Already Taken\" live on the Jimmy Fallon show August 2, 2010. A music video was shot and was directed by Philip Andelman. The video shows off the skills of dancers and their styles, along with Trey Songz singing and being passionate with the leading lady in the video, Helen Gedlu, who also happens to be his ex-girlfriend. The video premiered via www.treysongz.com on July 27, 2010. It also reached number #1 on the BET's 106 & Park countdown.", "Cuddy Buddy \"Cuddy Buddy\" (also called \"Cutty Buddy\") is the second single from Mike Jones' second album \"The Voice\". The single version features Trey Songz, Lil Wayne and Twista. The album version features T-Pain instead of Songz. It is produced by Bigg D and Jim Jonsin. The song samples Keith Sweat's \"How Deep is Your Love\". It was released to radio stations on May 19, 2008. The version that was released on iTunes on October 14, 2008 was the music video version, which features Trey Songz and Twista, but excludes Lil Wayne. Later, the version with Lil Wayne was also released onto the music store. The original version which was leaked in February 2008, included T-Pain over Trey Songz. This version eventually made the cut for the album. The original song, \"Cutty Buddy\" is from Trillville featuring T-Pain and was recorded in late 2006. The music video premiered on Mike Jones' MySpace page on October 8, 2008. Lil Wayne's verse is not included in the video version. Neither Trey Songz, T-Pain, or Twista make appearances in the video. Mike Jones stated that the reason is that the different labels didn't clear the artists to be on the video.", "- \"Don't Talk, Just Listen\"  Lloyd - \"Street Love\"  Beanie Sigel - \" The Solution\"  Kanye West - \"Graduation\"  Kevin Michael - \"kevin Michael\"  Chris Brown - \"Exclusive\"  Leona Lewis - \"Spirit\" Trey Songz - \"Trey Day\" Mary J. Blige - \"Growing Pains\" Jordin Sparks - \"This Christmas\" soundtrack  Brandy - \"Meet the Browns\" soundtrack  Cheri Dennis - \" In and out of Love\"  Tiffany Evans- \"Tiffany Evans\"  Raven-Symon\u00e9 - \"Raven-Symon\u00e9\"  Cherish - \"The Truth\"  Jesse McCartney - \"Departure\"  Nas - \"Untitled Nas album\"  Lloyd - \"Lessons in Love\" \"Corbin Bleu\" - \"Speed of Light\" Flo Rida - \"R.O.O.T.S.\" Jadakiss - \"The Last Kiss\" Trey Songz - \"Ready\" Whitney Houston - \"I Look to You\" Fat Joe - \"Jealous Ones Still Envy 2 (J.O.S.E. 2) \" Mario - \"D.N.A.\"  Amerie - \"In Love & War\"  Brandy - \"Unreleased\"  Brutha - \"Can't Get Enough\" single  Trey Songz - \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" Jamie Foxx - \"Best Night of My Life\"  Lyfe Jennings - \"I Still Believe\"  Jaheim - \"Another Round\" Mary J. Blige -   Professor Green - \"At Your Inconvenience\"  Trey Songz - \"Inevitable\" Tank - \" This Is How I Feel\" Kendrick Lamar - \"GoodKid, M.A.A.D City\"  Rick Ross - \"God Forgives, I Don't (Rick Ross album)|God Forgives, I Don't\"  Trey Songz - \"Chapter V\" Bridget Kelly"], "answer": {"text": "When I get to a place where I feel comfortable saying a date", "answer_start": 499}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Chapter V?", "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Trey enjoy making this album?", "answer": {"text": "I'm just making music and enjoying myself in the studio and having fun.", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#3", "question": "When did he release Inevitable?", "rewrite": "When did Trey Songz release Inevitable?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cuddy Buddy \"Cuddy Buddy\" (also called \"Cutty Buddy\") is the second single from Mike Jones' second album \"The Voice\". The single version features Trey Songz, Lil Wayne and Twista. The album version features T-Pain instead of Songz. It is produced by Bigg D and Jim Jonsin. The song samples Keith Sweat's \"How Deep is Your Love\". It was released to radio stations on May 19, 2008. The version that was released on iTunes on October 14, 2008 was the music video version, which features Trey Songz and Twista, but excludes Lil Wayne. Later, the version with Lil Wayne was also released onto the music store. The original version which was leaked in February 2008, included T-Pain over Trey Songz. This version eventually made the cut for the album. The original song, \"Cutty Buddy\" is from Trillville featuring T-Pain and was recorded in late 2006. The music video premiered on Mike Jones' MySpace page on October 8, 2008. Lil Wayne's verse is not included in the video version. Neither Trey Songz, T-Pain, or Twista make appearances in the video. Mike Jones stated that the reason is that the different labels didn't clear the artists to be on the video.", "- \"Don't Talk, Just Listen\"  Lloyd - \"Street Love\"  Beanie Sigel - \" The Solution\"  Kanye West - \"Graduation\"  Kevin Michael - \"kevin Michael\"  Chris Brown - \"Exclusive\"  Leona Lewis - \"Spirit\" Trey Songz - \"Trey Day\" Mary J. Blige - \"Growing Pains\" Jordin Sparks - \"This Christmas\" soundtrack  Brandy - \"Meet the Browns\" soundtrack  Cheri Dennis - \" In and out of Love\"  Tiffany Evans- \"Tiffany Evans\"  Raven-Symon\u00e9 - \"Raven-Symon\u00e9\"  Cherish - \"The Truth\"  Jesse McCartney - \"Departure\"  Nas - \"Untitled Nas album\"  Lloyd - \"Lessons in Love\" \"Corbin Bleu\" - \"Speed of Light\" Flo Rida - \"R.O.O.T.S.\" Jadakiss - \"The Last Kiss\" Trey Songz - \"Ready\" Whitney Houston - \"I Look to You\" Fat Joe - \"Jealous Ones Still Envy 2 (J.O.S.E. 2) \" Mario - \"D.N.A.\"  Amerie - \"In Love & War\"  Brandy - \"Unreleased\"  Brutha - \"Can't Get Enough\" single  Trey Songz - \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" Jamie Foxx - \"Best Night of My Life\"  Lyfe Jennings - \"I Still Believe\"  Jaheim - \"Another Round\" Mary J. Blige -   Professor Green - \"At Your Inconvenience\"  Trey Songz - \"Inevitable\" Tank - \" This Is How I Feel\" Kendrick Lamar - \"GoodKid, M.A.A.D City\"  Rick Ross - \"God Forgives, I Don't (Rick Ross album)|God Forgives, I Don't\"  Trey Songz - \"Chapter V\" Bridget Kelly", "Already Taken  \"Already Taken\" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz. It was released as a digital download on iTunes on June 30, 2010 as a single from the \"Step Up 3D\" soundtrack album and is also a bonus track on Trey Songz fourth album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\". A music video was shot and released on July 27, 2010. Trey Songz started working on the song with mentor Shaliek Powell in 2010. The producer of \"Step Up 3D\" wanted Trey to contribute to the new soundtrack, because he had also done a couple of songs for the soundtrack of the \"Step Up\" series. Trey can be seen working on the song in an episode of his documentary series on BET entitled \"Trey Songz: My Moment\". The song received heavy airplay and the video was played heavily on TV, mainly by BET. It peaked at number 39 on the R&B/ Hip Hop charts. Trey Songz performed \"Already Taken\" live on the Jimmy Fallon show August 2, 2010. A music video was shot and was directed by Philip Andelman. The video shows off the skills of dancers and their styles, along with Trey Songz singing and being passionate with the leading lady in the video, Helen Gedlu, who also happens to be his ex-girlfriend. The video premiered via www.treysongz.com on July 27, 2010. It also reached number #1 on the BET's 106 & Park countdown.", "I Gotta Make It I Gotta Make It is the debut studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz. It was released on July 26, 2005, by Atlantic Records. Recording sessions took place from 2003 to 2005, with Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor, alongside Mike Caren and Delante Murphy serving as the records executive producers, while the additional production by Warryn Campbell and Bei Maejor; additionally, there are four guest appearances from American rappers Twista, Juvenile and T.I., alongside American R&B legend Aretha Franklin. The album was supported by two singles: \"Gotta Make It\" featuring Twista, and \"Gotta Go\". The album debuted at number 20 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The title track, called \"Gotta Make It\" was released as the first single from the album on November 23, 2004. The song features guest verse from American rapper Twista, while the production was provided by Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor. The album's second and final single, called \"Gotta Go\" was released on July 9, 2005. The song was produced by Troy Taylor. Information is taken from Liner Notes and Discogs.com except where noted. Tracks 1\u20136 & 8\u201317: Vocals produced by Trey Songz Tracks 5\u20137, 10 & 12: Vocals produced by Troy Taylor. Tracks 2\u20136, 8\u201310 & 12\u201317 feature Background Vocals performed by Trey Songz & Troy Taylor Sample credits", "Trigga (album) Trigga is the sixth studio album by American singer Trey Songz. It was released on July 1, 2014, by Songbook and Atlantic Records. Following the release of his fifth studio album \"Chapter V\" (2012), Trey Songz made his acting debut in \"Texas Chainsaw 3D\" (2013). That same year, where Trey Songz began working on his sixth album. Trey Songz enlisted a variety of record producers such as DJ Mustard , Mike Will Made It, Da Internz, Soundz, Dun Deal, The Featherstones, D'Mile and The Insomniakz, among others. Upon its release, the album was met with positive reviews from critics, who praised \"Trigga's\" production, The album fared well commercially, debuting at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album was supported by six official singles: \"Na Na\", \"SmartPhones\", \"Foreign\", \"Change Your Mind\", \"What's Best for You\", and \"Touchin, Lovin\" featuring Nicki Minaj. \" Trigga\" has been available in a repackaged version, titled \"Trigga Reloaded\", as of June 2015. On February 15, 2014, Trey Songz announced that the title to his sixth studio album would be called \"Trigga\" and announced it would be released on June 30, 2014. On January 21, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's lead single, called \"Na Na\". On March 12, 2014, the music video was released for \"Na Na\". The song peaked at number 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On April 1, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's second single, called \"SmartPhones\". On May 10, 2014, the music video was released for \"SmartPhones\"."], "answer": {"text": "November 28, 2011, on his birthday,", "answer_start": 789}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Chapter V?", "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Trey enjoy making this album?", "answer": {"text": "I'm just making music and enjoying myself in the studio and having fun.", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When does he decide to release an album?", "answer": {"text": "When I get to a place where I feel comfortable saying a date", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#4", "question": "How well did it do on the charts?", "rewrite": "How well did \"Inevitable\" do on the charts?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Inevitable (song) \"Inevitable\" is a Latin rock song co-written and performed by Colombian-born singer Shakira, released as the third single from her 1998 multi-platinum album \"D\u00f3nde Est\u00e1n los Ladrones?\". In the video for \"Inevitable\", Shakira is singing the song to an audience in a circular stage in November 1998. The video starts out with candlelights coming from the audience. As the song progresses, strobe lights shine on Shakira and her band as she shakes her head. Toward the end of the video, bubbles and confetti fall from above, the song slows to almost an a cappella, and the video exits with Shakira holding her microphone over her head. Part of this video was also used for promotion for Pepsi. In the commercial, people from the audience are holding Pepsi cans, which burst open to the rhythm of the song. In addition, an English version was also penned, which then was planned for an English version of \"\u00bfD\u00f3nde Est\u00e1n los Ladrones?\". It is titled \"Inevitable (English)\", which has been performed at some United States shows such as \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" and \"The ALMA Awards\", the latter being performed with Melissa Etheridge. However, plans were soon scrapped, and Shakira released \"Laundry Service\" instead. There has been a noticeable change in her singing version of the song in recent performances, predominantly during the Oral Fixation Tour. Instead of caterwauling after the 2nd chorus as recorded, she holds the note of \"inevitable\". She has made this change since her 1999 MTV Unplugged performance.", "Inevitable End Inevitable End are a Swedish death metal band from J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, who are signed to Relapse Records. Inevitable End started out in 2003 as a group that was highly influenced by thrash metal and has evolved over time to be securely rooted in the death metal genre. The band released two demos, a self-titled album in 2004 and \"Reversal\" in 2006, each consisting of three songs clocking in around fifteen minutes each. After a few years of playing thrash metal, the band moved from J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping to Gothenburg where they underwent some critical line-up changes. With a new solidified line-up consisting of Andres Gerden, Marcus Bertilsson, Johan Ylenstrand, and Joakim Malmborg, the Quartet spent most of 2007 in the rehearsal studio. After perfecting their new sound, the band signed to Relapse Records and started recording for their first full-length debut, \"The Severed Inception\", which would be released March 17, 2009 in North America (March 23 internationally). Inevitable End has toured Norway, Finland, Czech Republic and Switzerland, as well as their home country of Sweden.", "Exploding Plastic Inevitable The Exploding Plastic Inevitable, sometimes simply called Plastic Inevitable or EPI, was a series of multimedia events organized by Andy Warhol between 1966 and 1967, featuring musical performances by The Velvet Underground and Nico, screenings of Warhol's films, and dancing and performances by regulars of Warhol's Factory, especially Mary Woronov and Gerard Malanga. \" Andy Warhol's Exploding Plastic Inevitable\" is also the title of an 18-minute film by Ronald Nameth with recordings from one week of performances of the shows which were filmed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1966. In December 1966 Warhol included a one-off magazine called \"The Plastic Exploding Inevitable\" as part of the \"Aspen\" No. 3 package. The \"Exploding Plastic Inevitable\" had its beginnings in an event staged on January 13, 1966, at a dinner for the New York Society for Clinical Psychiatry. This event, called \"Up-Tight\", included performances by the Velvet Underground and Nico, along with Malanga and Edie Sedgwick as dancers and Barbara Rubin as a performance artist. Inaugural shows were held at the Dom in New York City in April 1966, advertised in \"The Village Voice\" as follows: \"The Silver Dream Factory Presents The Exploding Plastic Inevitable with Andy Warhol/The Velvet Underground/and Nico. \" Shows were also held in \"The Gymnasium\" in New York and in various cities throughout the United States. Andy Warhol's lights engineer Danny Williams pioneered many innovations that have since become standard practice in rock music light shows. From May 27\u201329 the EPI played The Fillmore in San Francisco, where Williams built a light show including stroboscopes, slides and film projections onstage. At Bill Graham's request he was soon to come back and build more.", "In Shame Love, In Shame / Listen To The Children \u2013 #3 Irish Charts Release Records \u2013 February 1977 You're My Day, You're My Night / Morena \u2013 #2 Irish Charts Release Records \u2013 RL.878 \u2013 July 1977  You Don't Have To Say You Love Me \u2013 #5 Irish Charts Release Records \u2013 May 1978 You're So Good To Me / Steppin' Aside \u2013 #9 Irish Charts Spider Records \u2013 February 1979 The Furey Man \u2013 #6 Irish Charts Spider Records \u2013 November 1979 I Want To Live With You / Perfect Love \u2013 #29 Irish Charts Spider Records \u2013 WEB 036 \u2013 January 1981 Hey / Cut Across Shorty \u2013 #15 Irish Charts Crashed Records \u2013 CAR 38 \u2013 February 1983  Danny \u2013 #15 Irish Charts Crashed Records \u2013 CAR \u2013 September 1983 I Believe I'm Going To Love You \u2013 #21 Irish Charts Dolphin Records \u2013 DOS \u2013 June 1985 Let The Heartaches Begin \u2013 #20 Irish Charts Dolphin Records \u2013 DOS \u2013 June 1987 For Always \u2013 #19 Irish Charts Dolphin Records \u2013 DOS \u2013 April 1989 We were in Love \u2013 #27 Irish Charts Ensign records \u2013 Sept 2006 Album Releases 1973 Red Hurley 'Hits' ( Irish Charts Peak Position No 1) 1976 When (Irish Charts PeaK Position No 2) 1978 Red Hurley With Love (Irish Charts Peak Position No 8) 1981 Warm Red (Irish Charts Peak Position No 23)  1982\u20132003 Various Compilations Released in Ireland/UK/USA 2003 \u2013 You're Still You (Irish Charts Peak Position No 8) 2005 \u2013 Always There For Me (Irish Charts Peak Position No 14)  2006 \u2013 Raised on Songs and Stories CD/DVD (USA) (Sony Music Sold as part of USA PBS TV Special)  2008 \u2013 Red Hurley 'The Hits Album' (Irish Charts Peak Position No 6)  2009 \u2013 How Great Thou Art (Irish Charts Peak Position No 21)  2010", "Inevitable (novel) The Inevitable, \"The Law Inevitable\" or \"Inevitable\", (, literally \"Along lines of graduality\") is a novel by Dutch author Louis Couperus, published in 1900. It was first translated into English by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos and published in New York in 1920 by Dodd Mead and Company, and in London ('The Law Inevitable', 1921) by Thornton Butterworth. Both editions were reprinted once, in the year 1921. In 2005 a new edition was published by Pushkin Press, New York, titled 'Inevitable', without the definite article. It chronicles the story of a 23-year-old Dutch divorcee, Corn\u00e9lie de Retz van Loo, from an upper-class The Hague background who seeks to start a new emancipated and culturally fulfilling life in Italy. In Britain the novel's erotic explicitness and the social issues it deals with provoked significant criticism upon its publication."], "answer": {"text": "No. 23 on the Billboard 200 and No. 4 on Billboard's Top Hip-Hop R&B Albums chart.", "answer_start": 959}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Chapter V?", "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Trey enjoy making this album?", "answer": {"text": "I'm just making music and enjoying myself in the studio and having fun.", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When does he decide to release an album?", "answer": {"text": "When I get to a place where I feel comfortable saying a date", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he release Inevitable?", "answer": {"text": "November 28, 2011, on his birthday,", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#5", "question": "Is he touring with this album?", "rewrite": "Is Trey Songz touring with his \"Inevitable\" album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["I Gotta Make It I Gotta Make It is the debut studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz. It was released on July 26, 2005, by Atlantic Records. Recording sessions took place from 2003 to 2005, with Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor, alongside Mike Caren and Delante Murphy serving as the records executive producers, while the additional production by Warryn Campbell and Bei Maejor; additionally, there are four guest appearances from American rappers Twista, Juvenile and T.I., alongside American R&B legend Aretha Franklin. The album was supported by two singles: \"Gotta Make It\" featuring Twista, and \"Gotta Go\". The album debuted at number 20 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The title track, called \"Gotta Make It\" was released as the first single from the album on November 23, 2004. The song features guest verse from American rapper Twista, while the production was provided by Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor. The album's second and final single, called \"Gotta Go\" was released on July 9, 2005. The song was produced by Troy Taylor. Information is taken from Liner Notes and Discogs.com except where noted. Tracks 1\u20136 & 8\u201317: Vocals produced by Trey Songz Tracks 5\u20137, 10 & 12: Vocals produced by Troy Taylor. Tracks 2\u20136, 8\u201310 & 12\u201317 feature Background Vocals performed by Trey Songz & Troy Taylor Sample credits", "Trigga (album) Trigga is the sixth studio album by American singer Trey Songz. It was released on July 1, 2014, by Songbook and Atlantic Records. Following the release of his fifth studio album \"Chapter V\" (2012), Trey Songz made his acting debut in \"Texas Chainsaw 3D\" (2013). That same year, where Trey Songz began working on his sixth album. Trey Songz enlisted a variety of record producers such as DJ Mustard , Mike Will Made It, Da Internz, Soundz, Dun Deal, The Featherstones, D'Mile and The Insomniakz, among others. Upon its release, the album was met with positive reviews from critics, who praised \"Trigga's\" production, The album fared well commercially, debuting at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album was supported by six official singles: \"Na Na\", \"SmartPhones\", \"Foreign\", \"Change Your Mind\", \"What's Best for You\", and \"Touchin, Lovin\" featuring Nicki Minaj. \" Trigga\" has been available in a repackaged version, titled \"Trigga Reloaded\", as of June 2015. On February 15, 2014, Trey Songz announced that the title to his sixth studio album would be called \"Trigga\" and announced it would be released on June 30, 2014. On January 21, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's lead single, called \"Na Na\". On March 12, 2014, the music video was released for \"Na Na\". The song peaked at number 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On April 1, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's second single, called \"SmartPhones\". On May 10, 2014, the music video was released for \"SmartPhones\".", "Simply Amazing  \" Simply Amazing\" is a song by American recording artist Trey Songz for his fifth studio album, \"Chapter V\" (2012). It was written by Songz, Najja McDwell with its producers Troy Taylor and Christopher \"C4\" Umana. It was released as the third single from the album in Europe on August 3, 2012. \" Simply Amazing\" is a pop and pop rock song built as an acoustic-driven, midtempo ballad, while also having R&B beats and Songz' smooth vocals. Lyrically, \"Simply Amazing\" is a love song about someone who rekindled the protagonist's belief in love. It received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised his seductive vocals as well as its pop chorus. Critics also found similarities with Usher songs and predicted it would be his crossover hit. It indeed charted very high in the United Kingdom, peaking at number eight and becoming his first UK top-ten hit. After releasing his fourth studio album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" (2010), Trey Songz released his first EP, \"Inevitable\", in 2011. The EP features five songs that were recorded, but not included on his then upcoming album, \"Chapter V\" which was set to be released in 2012. According to him, the album was \"a representation of his past, present and future musically. \" Its lead-single, \"Heart Attack\", was released on March 26, 2012, followed by \"2 Reasons\", the album's second single, released on June 12, 2012. \" Simply Amazing\" was then released as \"Chapter V\"'s second single in Europe on August 3, 2012, and in the UK on August 12, 2012. \"Simply Amazing\" was written by Trey Songz, Najja McDowell, Troy Taylor and Christopher 'C4'", "Already Taken  \"Already Taken\" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz. It was released as a digital download on iTunes on June 30, 2010 as a single from the \"Step Up 3D\" soundtrack album and is also a bonus track on Trey Songz fourth album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\". A music video was shot and released on July 27, 2010. Trey Songz started working on the song with mentor Shaliek Powell in 2010. The producer of \"Step Up 3D\" wanted Trey to contribute to the new soundtrack, because he had also done a couple of songs for the soundtrack of the \"Step Up\" series. Trey can be seen working on the song in an episode of his documentary series on BET entitled \"Trey Songz: My Moment\". The song received heavy airplay and the video was played heavily on TV, mainly by BET. It peaked at number 39 on the R&B/ Hip Hop charts. Trey Songz performed \"Already Taken\" live on the Jimmy Fallon show August 2, 2010. A music video was shot and was directed by Philip Andelman. The video shows off the skills of dancers and their styles, along with Trey Songz singing and being passionate with the leading lady in the video, Helen Gedlu, who also happens to be his ex-girlfriend. The video premiered via www.treysongz.com on July 27, 2010. It also reached number #1 on the BET's 106 & Park countdown.", "- \"Don't Talk, Just Listen\"  Lloyd - \"Street Love\"  Beanie Sigel - \" The Solution\"  Kanye West - \"Graduation\"  Kevin Michael - \"kevin Michael\"  Chris Brown - \"Exclusive\"  Leona Lewis - \"Spirit\" Trey Songz - \"Trey Day\" Mary J. Blige - \"Growing Pains\" Jordin Sparks - \"This Christmas\" soundtrack  Brandy - \"Meet the Browns\" soundtrack  Cheri Dennis - \" In and out of Love\"  Tiffany Evans- \"Tiffany Evans\"  Raven-Symon\u00e9 - \"Raven-Symon\u00e9\"  Cherish - \"The Truth\"  Jesse McCartney - \"Departure\"  Nas - \"Untitled Nas album\"  Lloyd - \"Lessons in Love\" \"Corbin Bleu\" - \"Speed of Light\" Flo Rida - \"R.O.O.T.S.\" Jadakiss - \"The Last Kiss\" Trey Songz - \"Ready\" Whitney Houston - \"I Look to You\" Fat Joe - \"Jealous Ones Still Envy 2 (J.O.S.E. 2) \" Mario - \"D.N.A.\"  Amerie - \"In Love & War\"  Brandy - \"Unreleased\"  Brutha - \"Can't Get Enough\" single  Trey Songz - \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" Jamie Foxx - \"Best Night of My Life\"  Lyfe Jennings - \"I Still Believe\"  Jaheim - \"Another Round\" Mary J. Blige -   Professor Green - \"At Your Inconvenience\"  Trey Songz - \"Inevitable\" Tank - \" This Is How I Feel\" Kendrick Lamar - \"GoodKid, M.A.A.D City\"  Rick Ross - \"God Forgives, I Don't (Rick Ross album)|God Forgives, I Don't\"  Trey Songz - \"Chapter V\" Bridget Kelly"], "answer": {"text": "In February 2012, Songz will embark on his Anticipation 2our to promote his mixtape Anticipation 2 and to raise awareness of his new album.", "answer_start": 1117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Chapter V?", "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Trey enjoy making this album?", "answer": {"text": "I'm just making music and enjoying myself in the studio and having fun.", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When does he decide to release an album?", "answer": {"text": "When I get to a place where I feel comfortable saying a date", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he release Inevitable?", "answer": {"text": "November 28, 2011, on his birthday,", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "No. 23 on the Billboard 200 and No. 4 on Billboard's Top Hip-Hop R&B Albums chart.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#6", "question": "Does Trey do any acting?", "rewrite": "Does Trey Songz do any acting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trigga (album) Trigga is the sixth studio album by American singer Trey Songz. It was released on July 1, 2014, by Songbook and Atlantic Records. Following the release of his fifth studio album \"Chapter V\" (2012), Trey Songz made his acting debut in \"Texas Chainsaw 3D\" (2013). That same year, where Trey Songz began working on his sixth album. Trey Songz enlisted a variety of record producers such as DJ Mustard , Mike Will Made It, Da Internz, Soundz, Dun Deal, The Featherstones, D'Mile and The Insomniakz, among others. Upon its release, the album was met with positive reviews from critics, who praised \"Trigga's\" production, The album fared well commercially, debuting at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album was supported by six official singles: \"Na Na\", \"SmartPhones\", \"Foreign\", \"Change Your Mind\", \"What's Best for You\", and \"Touchin, Lovin\" featuring Nicki Minaj. \" Trigga\" has been available in a repackaged version, titled \"Trigga Reloaded\", as of June 2015. On February 15, 2014, Trey Songz announced that the title to his sixth studio album would be called \"Trigga\" and announced it would be released on June 30, 2014. On January 21, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's lead single, called \"Na Na\". On March 12, 2014, the music video was released for \"Na Na\". The song peaked at number 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On April 1, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's second single, called \"SmartPhones\". On May 10, 2014, the music video was released for \"SmartPhones\".", "Already Taken  \"Already Taken\" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz. It was released as a digital download on iTunes on June 30, 2010 as a single from the \"Step Up 3D\" soundtrack album and is also a bonus track on Trey Songz fourth album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\". A music video was shot and released on July 27, 2010. Trey Songz started working on the song with mentor Shaliek Powell in 2010. The producer of \"Step Up 3D\" wanted Trey to contribute to the new soundtrack, because he had also done a couple of songs for the soundtrack of the \"Step Up\" series. Trey can be seen working on the song in an episode of his documentary series on BET entitled \"Trey Songz: My Moment\". The song received heavy airplay and the video was played heavily on TV, mainly by BET. It peaked at number 39 on the R&B/ Hip Hop charts. Trey Songz performed \"Already Taken\" live on the Jimmy Fallon show August 2, 2010. A music video was shot and was directed by Philip Andelman. The video shows off the skills of dancers and their styles, along with Trey Songz singing and being passionate with the leading lady in the video, Helen Gedlu, who also happens to be his ex-girlfriend. The video premiered via www.treysongz.com on July 27, 2010. It also reached number #1 on the BET's 106 & Park countdown.", "- \"Don't Talk, Just Listen\"  Lloyd - \"Street Love\"  Beanie Sigel - \" The Solution\"  Kanye West - \"Graduation\"  Kevin Michael - \"kevin Michael\"  Chris Brown - \"Exclusive\"  Leona Lewis - \"Spirit\" Trey Songz - \"Trey Day\" Mary J. Blige - \"Growing Pains\" Jordin Sparks - \"This Christmas\" soundtrack  Brandy - \"Meet the Browns\" soundtrack  Cheri Dennis - \" In and out of Love\"  Tiffany Evans- \"Tiffany Evans\"  Raven-Symon\u00e9 - \"Raven-Symon\u00e9\"  Cherish - \"The Truth\"  Jesse McCartney - \"Departure\"  Nas - \"Untitled Nas album\"  Lloyd - \"Lessons in Love\" \"Corbin Bleu\" - \"Speed of Light\" Flo Rida - \"R.O.O.T.S.\" Jadakiss - \"The Last Kiss\" Trey Songz - \"Ready\" Whitney Houston - \"I Look to You\" Fat Joe - \"Jealous Ones Still Envy 2 (J.O.S.E. 2) \" Mario - \"D.N.A.\"  Amerie - \"In Love & War\"  Brandy - \"Unreleased\"  Brutha - \"Can't Get Enough\" single  Trey Songz - \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" Jamie Foxx - \"Best Night of My Life\"  Lyfe Jennings - \"I Still Believe\"  Jaheim - \"Another Round\" Mary J. Blige -   Professor Green - \"At Your Inconvenience\"  Trey Songz - \"Inevitable\" Tank - \" This Is How I Feel\" Kendrick Lamar - \"GoodKid, M.A.A.D City\"  Rick Ross - \"God Forgives, I Don't (Rick Ross album)|God Forgives, I Don't\"  Trey Songz - \"Chapter V\" Bridget Kelly", "Cuddy Buddy \"Cuddy Buddy\" (also called \"Cutty Buddy\") is the second single from Mike Jones' second album \"The Voice\". The single version features Trey Songz, Lil Wayne and Twista. The album version features T-Pain instead of Songz. It is produced by Bigg D and Jim Jonsin. The song samples Keith Sweat's \"How Deep is Your Love\". It was released to radio stations on May 19, 2008. The version that was released on iTunes on October 14, 2008 was the music video version, which features Trey Songz and Twista, but excludes Lil Wayne. Later, the version with Lil Wayne was also released onto the music store. The original version which was leaked in February 2008, included T-Pain over Trey Songz. This version eventually made the cut for the album. The original song, \"Cutty Buddy\" is from Trillville featuring T-Pain and was recorded in late 2006. The music video premiered on Mike Jones' MySpace page on October 8, 2008. Lil Wayne's verse is not included in the video version. Neither Trey Songz, T-Pain, or Twista make appearances in the video. Mike Jones stated that the reason is that the different labels didn't clear the artists to be on the video.", "I Gotta Make It I Gotta Make It is the debut studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz. It was released on July 26, 2005, by Atlantic Records. Recording sessions took place from 2003 to 2005, with Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor, alongside Mike Caren and Delante Murphy serving as the records executive producers, while the additional production by Warryn Campbell and Bei Maejor; additionally, there are four guest appearances from American rappers Twista, Juvenile and T.I., alongside American R&B legend Aretha Franklin. The album was supported by two singles: \"Gotta Make It\" featuring Twista, and \"Gotta Go\". The album debuted at number 20 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The title track, called \"Gotta Make It\" was released as the first single from the album on November 23, 2004. The song features guest verse from American rapper Twista, while the production was provided by Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor. The album's second and final single, called \"Gotta Go\" was released on July 9, 2005. The song was produced by Troy Taylor. Information is taken from Liner Notes and Discogs.com except where noted. Tracks 1\u20136 & 8\u201317: Vocals produced by Trey Songz Tracks 5\u20137, 10 & 12: Vocals produced by Troy Taylor. Tracks 2\u20136, 8\u201310 & 12\u201317 feature Background Vocals performed by Trey Songz & Troy Taylor Sample credits"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Chapter V?", "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Trey enjoy making this album?", "answer": {"text": "I'm just making music and enjoying myself in the studio and having fun.", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When does he decide to release an album?", "answer": {"text": "When I get to a place where I feel comfortable saying a date", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he release Inevitable?", "answer": {"text": "November 28, 2011, on his birthday,", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "No. 23 on the Billboard 200 and No. 4 on Billboard's Top Hip-Hop R&B Albums chart.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is he touring with this album?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2012, Songz will embark on his Anticipation 2our to promote his mixtape Anticipation 2 and to raise awareness of his new album.", "answer_start": 1117, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_294fc4e45da8412cb44e3e2514790b6a_0_q#7", "question": "When did he tour for the album?", "rewrite": "When did Trey Songz tour for the album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trigga (album) Trigga is the sixth studio album by American singer Trey Songz. It was released on July 1, 2014, by Songbook and Atlantic Records. Following the release of his fifth studio album \"Chapter V\" (2012), Trey Songz made his acting debut in \"Texas Chainsaw 3D\" (2013). That same year, where Trey Songz began working on his sixth album. Trey Songz enlisted a variety of record producers such as DJ Mustard , Mike Will Made It, Da Internz, Soundz, Dun Deal, The Featherstones, D'Mile and The Insomniakz, among others. Upon its release, the album was met with positive reviews from critics, who praised \"Trigga's\" production, The album fared well commercially, debuting at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album was supported by six official singles: \"Na Na\", \"SmartPhones\", \"Foreign\", \"Change Your Mind\", \"What's Best for You\", and \"Touchin, Lovin\" featuring Nicki Minaj. \" Trigga\" has been available in a repackaged version, titled \"Trigga Reloaded\", as of June 2015. On February 15, 2014, Trey Songz announced that the title to his sixth studio album would be called \"Trigga\" and announced it would be released on June 30, 2014. On January 21, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's lead single, called \"Na Na\". On March 12, 2014, the music video was released for \"Na Na\". The song peaked at number 21 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. On April 1, 2014, Trey Songz released the album's second single, called \"SmartPhones\". On May 10, 2014, the music video was released for \"SmartPhones\".", "Cuddy Buddy \"Cuddy Buddy\" (also called \"Cutty Buddy\") is the second single from Mike Jones' second album \"The Voice\". The single version features Trey Songz, Lil Wayne and Twista. The album version features T-Pain instead of Songz. It is produced by Bigg D and Jim Jonsin. The song samples Keith Sweat's \"How Deep is Your Love\". It was released to radio stations on May 19, 2008. The version that was released on iTunes on October 14, 2008 was the music video version, which features Trey Songz and Twista, but excludes Lil Wayne. Later, the version with Lil Wayne was also released onto the music store. The original version which was leaked in February 2008, included T-Pain over Trey Songz. This version eventually made the cut for the album. The original song, \"Cutty Buddy\" is from Trillville featuring T-Pain and was recorded in late 2006. The music video premiered on Mike Jones' MySpace page on October 8, 2008. Lil Wayne's verse is not included in the video version. Neither Trey Songz, T-Pain, or Twista make appearances in the video. Mike Jones stated that the reason is that the different labels didn't clear the artists to be on the video.", "- \"Don't Talk, Just Listen\"  Lloyd - \"Street Love\"  Beanie Sigel - \" The Solution\"  Kanye West - \"Graduation\"  Kevin Michael - \"kevin Michael\"  Chris Brown - \"Exclusive\"  Leona Lewis - \"Spirit\" Trey Songz - \"Trey Day\" Mary J. Blige - \"Growing Pains\" Jordin Sparks - \"This Christmas\" soundtrack  Brandy - \"Meet the Browns\" soundtrack  Cheri Dennis - \" In and out of Love\"  Tiffany Evans- \"Tiffany Evans\"  Raven-Symon\u00e9 - \"Raven-Symon\u00e9\"  Cherish - \"The Truth\"  Jesse McCartney - \"Departure\"  Nas - \"Untitled Nas album\"  Lloyd - \"Lessons in Love\" \"Corbin Bleu\" - \"Speed of Light\" Flo Rida - \"R.O.O.T.S.\" Jadakiss - \"The Last Kiss\" Trey Songz - \"Ready\" Whitney Houston - \"I Look to You\" Fat Joe - \"Jealous Ones Still Envy 2 (J.O.S.E. 2) \" Mario - \"D.N.A.\"  Amerie - \"In Love & War\"  Brandy - \"Unreleased\"  Brutha - \"Can't Get Enough\" single  Trey Songz - \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\" Jamie Foxx - \"Best Night of My Life\"  Lyfe Jennings - \"I Still Believe\"  Jaheim - \"Another Round\" Mary J. Blige -   Professor Green - \"At Your Inconvenience\"  Trey Songz - \"Inevitable\" Tank - \" This Is How I Feel\" Kendrick Lamar - \"GoodKid, M.A.A.D City\"  Rick Ross - \"God Forgives, I Don't (Rick Ross album)|God Forgives, I Don't\"  Trey Songz - \"Chapter V\" Bridget Kelly", "I Gotta Make It I Gotta Make It is the debut studio album by American R&B recording artist Trey Songz. It was released on July 26, 2005, by Atlantic Records. Recording sessions took place from 2003 to 2005, with Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor, alongside Mike Caren and Delante Murphy serving as the records executive producers, while the additional production by Warryn Campbell and Bei Maejor; additionally, there are four guest appearances from American rappers Twista, Juvenile and T.I., alongside American R&B legend Aretha Franklin. The album was supported by two singles: \"Gotta Make It\" featuring Twista, and \"Gotta Go\". The album debuted at number 20 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The title track, called \"Gotta Make It\" was released as the first single from the album on November 23, 2004. The song features guest verse from American rapper Twista, while the production was provided by Trey Songz' then mentor Troy Taylor. The album's second and final single, called \"Gotta Go\" was released on July 9, 2005. The song was produced by Troy Taylor. Information is taken from Liner Notes and Discogs.com except where noted. Tracks 1\u20136 & 8\u201317: Vocals produced by Trey Songz Tracks 5\u20137, 10 & 12: Vocals produced by Troy Taylor. Tracks 2\u20136, 8\u201310 & 12\u201317 feature Background Vocals performed by Trey Songz & Troy Taylor Sample credits", "Already Taken  \"Already Taken\" is a song by American R&B singer Trey Songz. It was released as a digital download on iTunes on June 30, 2010 as a single from the \"Step Up 3D\" soundtrack album and is also a bonus track on Trey Songz fourth album, \"Passion, Pain & Pleasure\". A music video was shot and released on July 27, 2010. Trey Songz started working on the song with mentor Shaliek Powell in 2010. The producer of \"Step Up 3D\" wanted Trey to contribute to the new soundtrack, because he had also done a couple of songs for the soundtrack of the \"Step Up\" series. Trey can be seen working on the song in an episode of his documentary series on BET entitled \"Trey Songz: My Moment\". The song received heavy airplay and the video was played heavily on TV, mainly by BET. It peaked at number 39 on the R&B/ Hip Hop charts. Trey Songz performed \"Already Taken\" live on the Jimmy Fallon show August 2, 2010. A music video was shot and was directed by Philip Andelman. The video shows off the skills of dancers and their styles, along with Trey Songz singing and being passionate with the leading lady in the video, Helen Gedlu, who also happens to be his ex-girlfriend. The video premiered via www.treysongz.com on July 27, 2010. It also reached number #1 on the BET's 106 & Park countdown."], "answer": {"text": "In February 2012,", "answer_start": 1117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Chapter V?", "answer": {"text": "It was Songz' first album to top the chart.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Trey enjoy making this album?", "answer": {"text": "I'm just making music and enjoying myself in the studio and having fun.", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When does he decide to release an album?", "answer": {"text": "When I get to a place where I feel comfortable saying a date", "answer_start": 499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he release Inevitable?", "answer": {"text": "November 28, 2011, on his birthday,", "answer_start": 789, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did it do on the charts?", "answer": {"text": "No. 23 on the Billboard 200 and No. 4 on Billboard's Top Hip-Hop R&B Albums chart.", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is he touring with this album?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2012, Songz will embark on his Anticipation 2our to promote his mixtape Anticipation 2 and to raise awareness of his new album.", "answer_start": 1117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does Trey do any acting?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bada194a1c343b4bdc4e62649115cc4_0_q#0", "question": "What is the primate vision?", "rewrite": "What is the primate vision?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The basic evidence for orientation sensing in human vision is that it appears to be carried out (in Area 17 of the striate cortex) by banks of neurones at fairly widely spaced orientations. The neurones as measured have characteristically elliptical receptive fields. However, both the actual interval between the orientations and the exact form & aspect ratio of the elliptical fields is open to question, but at the same time the said receptive fields have to have been compounded with the midget receptive fields at the retina. Yet again, for probe measurements of 'single neurone' performance, the receptive field measured includes the effects of all stages of optical & neural processing that have gone before. For orientation specific units operating on a hexagonal matrix, it makes most sense to have them with their primary & secondary axes occurring every 30 degrees of orientation. This 30 degree separation of orientations agrees with angular spacing of such units deduced to be desirable by John Canny from a mathematical approach. In the absence of specific details, it seemed that a roughly best compromise between computational efficiency and simplicity on the one hand and adequate orientation al tuning on the other should be of extent 5 x 1 pixels. This again agrees with that independently suggested by Canny and also observed in primate vision studies by other researchers. The receptive field units have orientation tuning functions which bear a satisfying resemblance to the orientation tuning functions established for vision by psychophysical tests. There is the possibility of recombining the partial difference functions arriving at the cortex in two ways. It is possible to consider analysis of a second difference map - by searching for zero crossings, which was most popular until the mid 1980's. Alternatively one can sense local peaks in the first difference map, which has become increasingly popular since then.", "This finding is consistent with the hierarchical nature of primate vision depicted by John Duncan & Glyn W. Humphreys:\"A fully hierarchical representation is created by repeating segmentation at different levels of scale. Each structural unit, contained by its own boundary, is further subdivided into parts by the major boundaries within it. Thus, a human body may be subdivided into head, torso, and limbs, and a hand into palm and fingers. Such subdivision serves two purposes. The description of a structural unit at one level of scale (animal, letter, etc.) must depend heavily on the relations between the parts defined within it (as well as on properties such as colour or movement that may be common to the parts). Then, at the next level down, each part becomes a new structural unit to be further described with its own properties, defined among other things by the relations between its own subparts. At the top of the hierarchy may be a structural unit corresponding to the whole input scene, described with a rough set of properties (e.g. division into light sky above and dark ground below).\" Moreover, this hierarchy feature binding theory proposes that information about visual features at every spatial scale, including the binding relations between these features, would be projected upwards to the higher layers of the network, where spatial information would be available for readout by later brain systems to guide behavior. This mechanism has been called the \"holographic principle\". Lastly, by representing the hierarchical binding relationships between visual features at every spatial scale across a visual scene, these kinds of binding neurons could underpin visual consciousness itself, the capacity of the visual brain to perceive and make sense of its visuospatial world. Therefore, this work may represent a significant advancement towards the future development of Artificial General Intelligence and Machine Consciousness, opening up new perspectives on building machines endowed with human-level intelligence.", "All primates share an S opsin encoded by an autosomal gene on chromosome 7. Catarrhine primates have two adjacent opsin genes on the X chromosome which code for L and M opsin pigments. In contrast, platyrrhines have only a single, polymorphic X chromosome M/L opsin gene locus. Therefore, every male platyrrhine is dichromatic because it can only receive either the M or L photopigment on its single X chromosome in addition to its S photopigment. However, the X chromosome gene locus is polymorphic for M and L alleles, rendering heterozygous platyrrhine females with trichromatic vision, and homozygous females with dichromatic vision. Some evolutionary biologists believe that the L and M photopigments of New World and Old World primates had a common evolutionary origin; molecular studies demonstrate that the spectral tuning (response of a photopigment to a specific wavelength of light) of the three pigments in both sub-orders is the same. There are two popular hypotheses that explain the evolution of the primate vision differences from this common origin. The first hypothesis is that the two-gene (M and L) system of the catarrhine primates evolved from a crossing-over mechanism. Unequal crossing over between the chromosomes carrying alleles for L and M variants could have resulted in a separate L and M gene located on a single X chromosome. This hypothesis requires that the evolution of the polymorphic system of the platyrrhine pre-dates the separation of the Old World and New World monkeys. This hypothesis proposes that this crossing-over event occurred in a heterozygous catarrhine female sometime after the platyrrhine/catarrhine divergence.", "Thomas Grahame Thomas Grahame (March 20, 1840 \u2013 May 7, 1907) was an Ontario political figure. He represented York West in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1871. He was born in Vaughan Township, Upper Canada in 1840 and educated at Upper Canada College, the University of Toronto and the University of Glasgow, the son of a Scottish immigrant who later returned to Scotland. He died in bosbsudshvbuad  in 1907.", "Simon Stringer Simon Stringer is a British mathematician, Director of the Oxford Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence, and Editor-in-Chief of published by Taylor & Francis. Stringer has worked across a range of different areas of applied mathematics such as control systems, computational aerodynamics and epidemiology. He joined the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford in 1993, and he became director of the Oxford Centre for Theoretical Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence in 2006. Stringer and his research group develop biological computer simulations of the neuronal mechanisms underpinning various areas of brain function, including visual object recognition, spatial processing and navigation, motor function, language and consciousness. In particular, the study published in Psychological Review and Interface Focus 2018, the Royal Society's cross-disciplinary journal, proposes a novel approach to solve the Binding problem. Spiking Neural Network simulations of the primate ventral visual system have shown the gradual emergence of a subpopulation of neurons, called \"polychronous neuronal groups\" (PNGs), that exhibits regularly repeating spatiotemporal patterns of spikes. The underlying phenomenon of these characteristic patterns of neural activity is known as polychronization. The main point is that within these PNGs exist neurons, called \"binding neurons\", that learn to represent the hierarchical binding relationships between lower and higher level visual features in the hierarchy of visual primitives, at every spatial scale and across the entire visual field. This observation is consistent with the hierarchical nature of primate vision proposed by the two neuroscientists John Duncan and Glyn W. Humphreys almost thirty years ago."], "answer": {"text": "Haraway also writes about the history of science and biology. In Primate Visions:", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2bada194a1c343b4bdc4e62649115cc4_0_q#1", "question": "What did she say in her writings?", "rewrite": "What did Donna Haraway say in her writings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sandy Stone, the transsexual engineer with Olivia Records, an \"all-women\" recording company, illustrates this well. Stone is not only crucial to the Olivia enterprise but plays a very dominant role there. The ... visibility he [sic] achieved in the aftermath of the Olivia controversy ... only serves to enhance his [sic] previously dominant role and to divide women, as men frequently do, when they make their presence necessary and vital to women. As one woman wrote: \"I feel raped when Olivia passes off Sandy ... as a real woman. After all his [sic] male privilege, is he [sic] going to cash in on lesbian feminist culture too?\" The collective responded in turn by publicly defending Stone in various feminist publications of the time. Stone continued as a member of the collective and continued to record Olivia artists until political dissension over her transgender status, exacerbated by Raymond's book, culminated in 1979 in the threat of a boycott of Olivia products. After long debate, Stone left the collective and returned to Santa Cruz. In 1983 Stone befriended cultural theorist Donna Haraway, a faculty member in the History of Consciousness program at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Haraway was in the process of writing the watershed essay \"The Cyborg Manifesto\". While Stone was studying for her doctorate with Haraway and James Clifford, she produced the 1987 essay \"The \"Empire\" Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto\". After considerable discussion with Haraway, she began writing: Donna and I discussed it several times, and Donna was amazing. Not once did she say I should or shouldn't. What she did say was that it was my choice, and nobody else's.", "In this way, groups may construct a \"post-modernist identity out of otherness, difference, and specificity\" as a way to counter Western traditions of exclusive identification. Although Haraway's metaphor of the cyborg has been labelled as a post-gender statement, Haraway has clarified her stance on post-genderism in some interviews. She acknowledges that her argument in the \"Manifesto\" seeks to challenge the necessity for categorization of gender, but does not correlate this argument to post-genderism. She clarifies this distinction because post-genderism is often associated with the discourse of the utopian concept of being beyond masculinity and femininity. Haraway notes that gender constructs are still prevalent and meaningful, but are troublesome and should therefore be eliminated as categories for identity. Although Donna Haraway intended her concept of the cyborg to be a feminist critique, she acknowledges that other scholars and popular media have taken her concept and applied it to different contexts. Haraway is aware and receptive of the different uses of her concept of the cyborg, but admits \"very few people are taking what I consider all of its parts\". \" Wired Magazine\" overlooked the feminist theory of the cyborg and instead used it to make a more literal commentary about the enmeshment of humans and technology. Despite this, Haraway also recognizes that new feminist scholars \"embrace and use the cyborg of the manifesto to do what they want for their own purposes\". \"Patchwork Girl\", a hypertext work, makes use of elements from \"A Cyborg Manifesto\". \"", "Isabelle Stengers Isabelle Stengers (; ; born 1949) is a Belgian philosopher, noted for her work in the philosophy of science. Stengers is the daughter of the historian Jean Stengers. She studied chemistry, graduating with a degree in the subject from the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles. Her research interests include the philosophy of science and the history of science. She holds her Professorship in the Philosophy of Science at the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles and received the grand prize for philosophy from the Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise in 1993. Stengers has written on English philosopher Alfred North Whitehead; other work has included Continental philosophers such as Michel Serres, Gilbert Simondon, Gilles Deleuze, or Vinciane Despret, as well as North American philosophers of science and of the environment such as Donna Haraway. Stengers has also collaborated with psychiatrist Leon Chertok, and the sociologist of science Bruno Latour. An important part of her recent work consists of discussions with and translations of Donna Haraway's work, which she describes as a difficult task: \"I must admit that translating Haraway is not easy, because the writing which she practices is, in her own terms, of a 'technological' order. That writing operates, that words act, that stories, and the way they are told, matter, is always the case for Haraway \u2013 including when textual rhetoric aims at situating the reader in the position of having to follow an argumentation with no way around, to share a point of view presented as fundamentally anonymous. Hence including when the text steps aside in favour of the idea with which the point is to agree and of which it has been the mere vehicle. As for Haraway's text, it does not step aside: as is the case of a poetic text, to limit oneself to 'acknowledging' it constitutes a slight mistake.", "Thyrza Nichols Goodeve Thyrza Nichols Goodeve is a writer, interviewer, artist, and teacher active in the field of contemporary art and culture. Goodeve was born in Middlebury, Connecticut, where she lived until her family moved to Windham, Vermont. Her brother is actor Grant Goodeve, and she is a great-great-granddaughter of the Vermont politician and Union Army Colonel William T. Nichols. She attended the Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut and Northfield Mount Hermon School (NMH) in Massachusetts. In 1975, through NMH, she attended the American School of Tangier where she met Paul Bowles and Mohammed Mrabet, key influences on her career as a writer. She received a B.A. from Sarah Lawrence College (creative writing, film, philosophy), an M.A. from New York University (cinema studies), and a Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz under Donna Haraway and James Clifford. She lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York. Goodeve is known both as an essayist and as an interviewer. She writes on diverse topics ranging from vaudeville to cyborgs to the art of doodling, and she has published in such respected periodicals as \"Artforum\", \"Parkett\", \"Art in America\", \"Artbyte\", \"The Guggenheim Magazine\", \"The Village Voice\", \"The Brooklyn Rail\", \"Art Agenda\", and \"Camerawork\". She has interviewed Matthew Barney, Yvonne Rainer, Ellen Gallagher, the Quay Brothers, McKenzie Wark, Tim Rollins and K.O.S., Aziz + Cucher, and Carolee Schneemann. Her book-length conversation with the influential science and technology scholar Donna Haraway offers a wide-ranging and intimate introduction to Haraway's challenging work.", "Ecofeminist art Ecofeminist art emerged in the 1970s in response to ecofeminist philosophy, that was particularly articulated by writers such as Carolyn Merchant, Val Plumwood, Donna Haraway, Starhawk, Greta Gaard, Karen J. Warren and Rebecca Solnit. Those writers emphasized the significance of relationships of cultural dominance and ethics (Merchant, Plumwood, Donna Haraway) expressed as sexism (Haraway), spirituality (Starhawk), speciesism (Warren, Gaard), capitalist values that privilege objectification and the importance of vegetarianism in these contexts (Gaard). The main issues Ecofeminism aims to address revolve around the effects of a \"Eurocentric capitalist patriarchal culture built on the domination of nature, and the domination of woman 'as nature'. The writer Luke Martell in the \"Ecology and Society\" journal writes that 'women' and 'nature' are both victims of patriarchal abuse and \"ideological products of the Enlightenment culture of control.\" Ecofeminism argues that we must become a part of nature, living with and among it. We must recognize that nature is alive and breathing and work against the passivity surrounding it that is synonymous with the passive roles enforced upon women by patriarchal culture, politics, and capitalism. The relevance of Ecofeminism was discussed in feminist art programs at the college and university level, including at the Institute for Social Ecology at Goddard College, Vermont. In the USA, as far back as 1962, an overwhelming series of lawsuits against the corporate world came from the kitchens of mothers and grandmothers. In 1964, Brazilian women set up the \"Ac\u00e0o Democr\u00e0tica Feminina Gaucha\" which soon evolved into an advocacy group for sustainable agriculture."], "answer": {"text": "she focused on the metaphors and narratives that direct the science of primatology.", "answer_start": 146}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the primate vision?", "answer": {"text": "Haraway also writes about the history of science and biology. In Primate Visions:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bada194a1c343b4bdc4e62649115cc4_0_q#2", "question": "What is primatology?", "rewrite": "What is primatology?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Folia Primatologica Folia Primatologica is an international peer-reviewed journal focusing on primatology, the study of monkeys, apes, lemurs, and other primates. It is the official journal of the European Federation for Primatology, and official journal of the Primate Society of Great Britain. Founded in 1963, the journal covers diverse areas of primatology, including molecular biology, social behaviour, ecology, conservation, palaeontology, systematics and functional anatomy. \" Folia Primatologica\" is published six times per year. As of 2013 the editor is Robin H. Crompton at the University of Liverpool. The journal is indexed with PubMed, Medline.", "The book is an anthology of articles from various scientists investigating the discipline of primatology and its connection to broader cultural, historical and social issues. Fedigan has also explored the question, raised both within primatology and within the science studies and feminist communities, of what truth there is behind the playful observation that primatology is the \"Goddess's discipline.\" In 1994, Dr. Fedigan set out to investigate whether or not there was a disproportionate number of females in primatology (relative to the other sciences) and if so, why? In her article \"Science and the Successful Female: Why There Are so Many Women Primatologists,\" Fedigan's research confirms that there are significantly more women in primatology than in general biology and more women studying primates than other types of organisms. There are not, however, more women primatologists than there are women in the parental disciplines (anthropology, psychology and animal behaviour). She also notes that, in general, there has been a considerable increase in the number of women practitioners across a wide variety of life science disciplines. As to the \"why,\" Fedigan offers the following explanations:   On June 30, 2016, Fedigan was named a Member of the Order of Canada by Governor General David Johnston for \"her contributions to advancing our understanding of the behaviour and society of several primate species and for her dedication as a mentor to the next generation of primatologists. \" In 2016, she was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.", "Primatology Primatology is the scientific study of primates. It is a diverse discipline at the boundary between mammalogy and anthropology, and researchers can be found in academic departments of anatomy, anthropology, biology, medicine, psychology, veterinary sciences and zoology, as well as in animal sanctuaries, biomedical research facilities, museums and zoos. Primatologists study both living and extinct primates in their natural habitats and in laboratories by conducting field studies and experiments in order to understand aspects of their evolution and behaviour. As a science, primatology has many different sub-disciplines which vary in terms of theoretical and methodological approaches to the subject used in researching extant primates and their extinct ancestors. There are two main centers of primatology, Western primatology and Japanese primatology. These two divergent disciplines stem from their unique cultural backgrounds and philosophies that went into their founding. Although, fundamentally, both Western and Japanese primatology share many of the same principles, the areas of their focus in primate research and their methods of obtaining data differ widely. Western primatology stems primarily from research by North American and European scientists. Early primate study focused primarily in medical research, but some scientists also conducted \"civilizing\" experiments on chimpanzees in order to gauge both primate intelligence and the limits of their brainpower. The study of primatology looks at the biological and psychological aspects of non-human primates. The focus is on studying the common links between humans and primates. It is believed that by understanding our closest animal relatives, we might better understand the nature shared with our ancestors. Primatology is a science. The general belief is that the scientific observation of nature must be either extremely limited, or completely controlled. Either way, the observers must be neutral to their subjects. This allows for data to be unbiased and for the subjects to be uninfluenced by human interference.", "Social critics of science, some operating from within the field, are critical of primatology and sociobiology. Claims are made that researchers bring pre-existing opinions on issues concerning human sociality to their studies, and then seek evidence that agrees with their worldview or otherwise furthers a sociopolitical agenda. In particular, the use of primatological studies to assert gender roles, and to both promote and subvert feminism has been a point of contention. Several research papers on primate cognition were retracted in 2010. Their lead author, primatologist Marc Hauser, was dismissed from Harvard University after an internal investigation found evidence of scientific misconduct in his laboratory. Data supporting the authors' conclusion that cottontop tamarin monkeys displayed pattern-learning behavior similar to human infants reportedly could not be located after a three-year investigation. Women receive the majority of Ph. Ds in primatology. Londa Schiebinger, writing in 2001, estimated that women made up 80 percent of graduate students pursuing Ph. Ds in primatology, up from 50 percent in the 1970s. Because of the high number of women, Schiebinger has even asserted that \u201cPrimatology is widely celebrated as a feminist science\u201d. With attention to Darwin \u2019s perception about sexual selection , it was perceived that sexual selection acted differently on females and males. Early research emphasized male-male competition for females. It is widely believed that males tend to woo females, and that females were passive. For years this was the dominant interpretation, emphasizing competition among dominant males who controlled territorial boundaries and maintained order among lesser males. Females on the other hand were described as \"dedicated mothers to small infants and sexually available to males in order of the males' dominance rank\". Female-female competition was ignored.", "Galdikas utilized statistics and modern data collection to conclude her 1978 doctoral thesis regarding orangutan behavior and interactions. Long-term sites of research tend to be best associated with their founders, and this led to some tension between younger primatologists and the veterans in the field. The discipline of Japanese primatology was developed out of animal ecology. It is mainly credited to Kinji Imanishi and Junichiro Itani. Imanishi was an animal ecologist who began studying wild horses before focusing more on primate ecology. He helped found the Primate Research Group in 1950. Junichiro was a renowned anthropologist and a professor at Kyoto University. He is a co-founder of the Primate Research Institute and the Centre for African Area Studies. The Japanese discipline of primatology tends to be more interested in the social aspects of primates. Social evolution and anthropology are of primary interest to them. The Japanese theory believes that studying primates will give us insight into the duality of human nature: individual self vs. social self. The traditional and cultural aspects of Japanese science lend themselves to an \u201colder sibling\u201d mentality. It is believed that animals should be treated with respect, but also a firm authority. This is not to say that the Japanese study of primatology is cruel \u2013 far from it \u2013 just that it does not feel that their subjects should be given reverential treatment. One particular Japanese primatologist, Kawai Masao, introduced the concept of \"kyokan\". This was the theory that the only way to attain reliable scientific knowledge was to attain a mutual relation, personal attachment and shared life with the animal subjects. Though Kawai is the only Japanese primatologist associated with the use of this term, the underlying principle is part of the foundation of Japanese primate research. Japanese primatology is a carefully disciplined subjective science."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the primate vision?", "answer": {"text": "Haraway also writes about the history of science and biology. In Primate Visions:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she say in her writings?", "answer": {"text": "she focused on the metaphors and narratives that direct the science of primatology.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bada194a1c343b4bdc4e62649115cc4_0_q#3", "question": "What other interesting facts are in the article?", "rewrite": "What other interesting facts are in the article other than Donna Haraway's writing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sandy Stone, the transsexual engineer with Olivia Records, an \"all-women\" recording company, illustrates this well. Stone is not only crucial to the Olivia enterprise but plays a very dominant role there. The ... visibility he [sic] achieved in the aftermath of the Olivia controversy ... only serves to enhance his [sic] previously dominant role and to divide women, as men frequently do, when they make their presence necessary and vital to women. As one woman wrote: \"I feel raped when Olivia passes off Sandy ... as a real woman. After all his [sic] male privilege, is he [sic] going to cash in on lesbian feminist culture too?\" The collective responded in turn by publicly defending Stone in various feminist publications of the time. Stone continued as a member of the collective and continued to record Olivia artists until political dissension over her transgender status, exacerbated by Raymond's book, culminated in 1979 in the threat of a boycott of Olivia products. After long debate, Stone left the collective and returned to Santa Cruz. In 1983 Stone befriended cultural theorist Donna Haraway, a faculty member in the History of Consciousness program at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Haraway was in the process of writing the watershed essay \"The Cyborg Manifesto\". While Stone was studying for her doctorate with Haraway and James Clifford, she produced the 1987 essay \"The \"Empire\" Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto\". After considerable discussion with Haraway, she began writing: Donna and I discussed it several times, and Donna was amazing. Not once did she say I should or shouldn't. What she did say was that it was my choice, and nobody else's.", "Thyrza Nichols Goodeve Thyrza Nichols Goodeve is a writer, interviewer, artist, and teacher active in the field of contemporary art and culture. Goodeve was born in Middlebury, Connecticut, where she lived until her family moved to Windham, Vermont. Her brother is actor Grant Goodeve, and she is a great-great-granddaughter of the Vermont politician and Union Army Colonel William T. Nichols. She attended the Westover School in Middlebury, Connecticut and Northfield Mount Hermon School (NMH) in Massachusetts. In 1975, through NMH, she attended the American School of Tangier where she met Paul Bowles and Mohammed Mrabet, key influences on her career as a writer. She received a B.A. from Sarah Lawrence College (creative writing, film, philosophy), an M.A. from New York University (cinema studies), and a Ph.D. from the University of California, Santa Cruz under Donna Haraway and James Clifford. She lives in Brooklyn Heights, New York. Goodeve is known both as an essayist and as an interviewer. She writes on diverse topics ranging from vaudeville to cyborgs to the art of doodling, and she has published in such respected periodicals as \"Artforum\", \"Parkett\", \"Art in America\", \"Artbyte\", \"The Guggenheim Magazine\", \"The Village Voice\", \"The Brooklyn Rail\", \"Art Agenda\", and \"Camerawork\". She has interviewed Matthew Barney, Yvonne Rainer, Ellen Gallagher, the Quay Brothers, McKenzie Wark, Tim Rollins and K.O.S., Aziz + Cucher, and Carolee Schneemann. Her book-length conversation with the influential science and technology scholar Donna Haraway offers a wide-ranging and intimate introduction to Haraway's challenging work.", "Ecofeminist art Ecofeminist art emerged in the 1970s in response to ecofeminist philosophy, that was particularly articulated by writers such as Carolyn Merchant, Val Plumwood, Donna Haraway, Starhawk, Greta Gaard, Karen J. Warren and Rebecca Solnit. Those writers emphasized the significance of relationships of cultural dominance and ethics (Merchant, Plumwood, Donna Haraway) expressed as sexism (Haraway), spirituality (Starhawk), speciesism (Warren, Gaard), capitalist values that privilege objectification and the importance of vegetarianism in these contexts (Gaard). The main issues Ecofeminism aims to address revolve around the effects of a \"Eurocentric capitalist patriarchal culture built on the domination of nature, and the domination of woman 'as nature'. The writer Luke Martell in the \"Ecology and Society\" journal writes that 'women' and 'nature' are both victims of patriarchal abuse and \"ideological products of the Enlightenment culture of control.\" Ecofeminism argues that we must become a part of nature, living with and among it. We must recognize that nature is alive and breathing and work against the passivity surrounding it that is synonymous with the passive roles enforced upon women by patriarchal culture, politics, and capitalism. The relevance of Ecofeminism was discussed in feminist art programs at the college and university level, including at the Institute for Social Ecology at Goddard College, Vermont. In the USA, as far back as 1962, an overwhelming series of lawsuits against the corporate world came from the kitchens of mothers and grandmothers. In 1964, Brazilian women set up the \"Ac\u00e0o Democr\u00e0tica Feminina Gaucha\" which soon evolved into an advocacy group for sustainable agriculture.", "In this way, groups may construct a \"post-modernist identity out of otherness, difference, and specificity\" as a way to counter Western traditions of exclusive identification. Although Haraway's metaphor of the cyborg has been labelled as a post-gender statement, Haraway has clarified her stance on post-genderism in some interviews. She acknowledges that her argument in the \"Manifesto\" seeks to challenge the necessity for categorization of gender, but does not correlate this argument to post-genderism. She clarifies this distinction because post-genderism is often associated with the discourse of the utopian concept of being beyond masculinity and femininity. Haraway notes that gender constructs are still prevalent and meaningful, but are troublesome and should therefore be eliminated as categories for identity. Although Donna Haraway intended her concept of the cyborg to be a feminist critique, she acknowledges that other scholars and popular media have taken her concept and applied it to different contexts. Haraway is aware and receptive of the different uses of her concept of the cyborg, but admits \"very few people are taking what I consider all of its parts\". \" Wired Magazine\" overlooked the feminist theory of the cyborg and instead used it to make a more literal commentary about the enmeshment of humans and technology. Despite this, Haraway also recognizes that new feminist scholars \"embrace and use the cyborg of the manifesto to do what they want for their own purposes\". \"Patchwork Girl\", a hypertext work, makes use of elements from \"A Cyborg Manifesto\". \"", "Isabelle Stengers Isabelle Stengers (; ; born 1949) is a Belgian philosopher, noted for her work in the philosophy of science. Stengers is the daughter of the historian Jean Stengers. She studied chemistry, graduating with a degree in the subject from the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles. Her research interests include the philosophy of science and the history of science. She holds her Professorship in the Philosophy of Science at the Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles and received the grand prize for philosophy from the Acad\u00e9mie Fran\u00e7aise in 1993. Stengers has written on English philosopher Alfred North Whitehead; other work has included Continental philosophers such as Michel Serres, Gilbert Simondon, Gilles Deleuze, or Vinciane Despret, as well as North American philosophers of science and of the environment such as Donna Haraway. Stengers has also collaborated with psychiatrist Leon Chertok, and the sociologist of science Bruno Latour. An important part of her recent work consists of discussions with and translations of Donna Haraway's work, which she describes as a difficult task: \"I must admit that translating Haraway is not easy, because the writing which she practices is, in her own terms, of a 'technological' order. That writing operates, that words act, that stories, and the way they are told, matter, is always the case for Haraway \u2013 including when textual rhetoric aims at situating the reader in the position of having to follow an argumentation with no way around, to share a point of view presented as fundamentally anonymous. Hence including when the text steps aside in favour of the idea with which the point is to agree and of which it has been the mere vehicle. As for Haraway's text, it does not step aside: as is the case of a poetic text, to limit oneself to 'acknowledging' it constitutes a slight mistake."], "answer": {"text": "Haraway questioned the most fundamental constructions of scientific human nature stories based on primates.", "answer_start": 775}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the primate vision?", "answer": {"text": "Haraway also writes about the history of science and biology. In Primate Visions:", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she say in her writings?", "answer": {"text": "she focused on the metaphors and narratives that direct the science of primatology.", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is primatology?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#0", "question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "rewrite": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Satan's Angel  Angel Cecelia Helene Walker (September 18, 1944 \u2013 April 11, 2019) was an American exotic dancer specializing in stripping and burlesque under her stage name Satan's Angel. Satan's Angel started dancing in San Francisco in 1961, after winning an amateur strip contest at North Beach nightclub Moulin Rouge. Her full moniker is Satan's Angel, the Devil's Own Mistress, Queen of the Fire Tassels. She has also danced under the stage names Tassel Tossin' Angel, Angel Dahl, Angel the Body, Satana Angel, and Satin Angel. Satan's Angel's signature act is to light her tassels aflame, \"then extinguishing the flames by means of strenuous mammary rotation\". She would sometimes twirl five tassels at a time\u2014two on her nipples, two on her buttocks, and one on her navel. She performed in San Francisco in the 1960s, dancing at small and bigger nightclubs including the Esquire, the Galaxie and the Condor Club. She was also bass player in The Hummingbirds, an all girl topless cover band which performed nightly at Tipsy's in North Beach. Later, in Las Vegas in the 1970s and into the mid 1980s, she was cast by big-name burlesque promoters like Barry Ashton and Harold Minsky and danced at the Palomino Club, The Aladdin, Silver Slipper, and the Minsky. She also toured the United States and the rest of the world with her act. When asked why she chose to pursue a career in burlesque, she has said she wanted the glamorous life of Gypsy Rose Lee.", "Weldon was inspired by the sideshows and burlesque shows of Coney Island in the mid-1990s, and has moderated the Wild Women Panel, among others, as part of Coney Island's annual Congress of Curious People. Weldon has produced shows for Coney Island's Burlesque at the Beach series, including her annual Follies Fromage, a show based entirely on cheese, and the autobiographical \"God-Damned Women\" show. She is the coordinator and lead instructor of the Coney Island University Master Class in Burlesque. Weldon is an educator and authority on the topic of burlesque. She is the founder, in 2003, and headmistress of The New York School of Burlesque. The school has taught disabled performers at DaDaFest in Liverpool, UK, and taught breast cancer survivors through its Pink Light Burlesque program. Weldon is the founder of Pink Light Burlesque, an organization to provide burlesque classes free of cost to breast cancer patients and survivors. The first Pink Light Burlesque showcase in December 2011 was featured in TIME. Pink Light Burlesque classes have beeb held in Seattle, New York and New Zealand. Weldon is author \"The Burlesque Handbook\" (HarperCollins/ItBooks 2010), which developed from a compilation of her class handouts and from a 50-page ebook that she had already produced covering technique and performance. It has a foreword by comedian Margaret Cho. From 2001 to 2010, Weldon produced the website G-Strings Forever, a collection of photographs and articles about stripping and burlesque. She maintained a LiveJournal account from 2004 to 2010 where she wrote extensively on burlesque, sex work, and women's issues. Since 2007 Weldon has written the burlesque blog Burlesque Daily.", "Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act.", "Wanting to explore the creative versatility through the art of tease she began producing her own shows in September 2006. An active member of the New Orleans Burlesque revival, Trixie continued to create shows and has since gone on to perform throughout the world. Trixie Minx currently produces several ongoing productions in New Orleans. Fleur de Tease, Burgundy Burlesque, Burlesque Ballroom, and her Cabaret series at the Orpheum Theater. She created Fantasy for Couples Cruises which sails the Gulf and the Caribbean. Trixie also performs in The Burlesque Show at the Borgata Casino in Atlantic City, NJ. In 2016 the recently renovated Orpheum Theater approached Trixie to create a series of shows to bring back the glamour of the once lost eras of vaudeville and vintage burlesque on the stage. Her productions Cupid's Cabaret and Cocktail Cabaret were noteworthy in that they were large scale artistic productions featuring burlesque, actors, musicians, aerialists, & performance artists on a grand stage, further validating the work of these performers in New Orleans to have artistic merit beyond simple entertainment. Burlesque Ballroom debuted in December 2010 and continues to run weekly every Friday at the Royal Sonesta New Orleans on Bourbon Street. This intimate production turns the Jazz Playhouse into a burlesque speakeasy where dancers perform throughout the room to live jazz & blues music. Featuring a rotating cast of New Orleans and international touring burlesque performers, this is a unique perspective on the various types of beauty & styles of classic burlesque. Historically, Burlesque Ballroom is significant as it is the only weekly show where burlesque & live music come together once again as it did during the original heyday of 1950s Bourbon Street burlesque culture.", "Guerrilla burlesque Guerrilla Burlesque has become a part of San Francisco burlesque culture since 2005. \" Guerrilla Burlesque\" occurs when a burlesque act happens spontaneously at a show or when burlesque performers descend upon a show to which they were uninvited, thereby finding their way onto the stage. The term was coined in the summer of 2005 by Cherry Lix, a burlesque solo artist based in San Francisco. The first guerrilla burlesque event was performed with Cherry Lix's suggestion by Diamond Daggers, a San Francisco burlesque troupe, at Jim Sweeney's (Kingfish) 2005 birthday party at the DNA Lounge in San Francisco. The Kingfish is one of the largest burlesque producers in San Francisco. After the troupe was successful with the Kingfish, Daisy Delight suggested that they guerrilla the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence's Easter Picnic in the Park, a yearly event in San Francisco's Dolores Park. Later that fall, four members of Diamond Daggers \"guerrillaed\" on various street corners in the Castro, a popular gay neighborhood in San Francisco. In February 2006, Cherry Lix and Daisy Delight started Twilight Vixen Revue, a new gay burlesque troupe, and they have continued the guerrilla burlesque tradition, most recently descending upon Miz Margo's birthday party at the DNA Lounge in July 2006. This style of burlesque epitomizes the \"Neo-Burlesque\" or \"new burlesque\" style of performance, by taking traditional-styled burlesque performance and aggressively bringing it to unsuspecting, modern crowds."], "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#1", "question": "When did burlesque come about?", "rewrite": "When did burlesque come about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Weldon was inspired by the sideshows and burlesque shows of Coney Island in the mid-1990s, and has moderated the Wild Women Panel, among others, as part of Coney Island's annual Congress of Curious People. Weldon has produced shows for Coney Island's Burlesque at the Beach series, including her annual Follies Fromage, a show based entirely on cheese, and the autobiographical \"God-Damned Women\" show. She is the coordinator and lead instructor of the Coney Island University Master Class in Burlesque. Weldon is an educator and authority on the topic of burlesque. She is the founder, in 2003, and headmistress of The New York School of Burlesque. The school has taught disabled performers at DaDaFest in Liverpool, UK, and taught breast cancer survivors through its Pink Light Burlesque program. Weldon is the founder of Pink Light Burlesque, an organization to provide burlesque classes free of cost to breast cancer patients and survivors. The first Pink Light Burlesque showcase in December 2011 was featured in TIME. Pink Light Burlesque classes have beeb held in Seattle, New York and New Zealand. Weldon is author \"The Burlesque Handbook\" (HarperCollins/ItBooks 2010), which developed from a compilation of her class handouts and from a 50-page ebook that she had already produced covering technique and performance. It has a foreword by comedian Margaret Cho. From 2001 to 2010, Weldon produced the website G-Strings Forever, a collection of photographs and articles about stripping and burlesque. She maintained a LiveJournal account from 2004 to 2010 where she wrote extensively on burlesque, sex work, and women's issues. Since 2007 Weldon has written the burlesque blog Burlesque Daily.", "Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act.", "Wanting to explore the creative versatility through the art of tease she began producing her own shows in September 2006. An active member of the New Orleans Burlesque revival, Trixie continued to create shows and has since gone on to perform throughout the world. Trixie Minx currently produces several ongoing productions in New Orleans. Fleur de Tease, Burgundy Burlesque, Burlesque Ballroom, and her Cabaret series at the Orpheum Theater. She created Fantasy for Couples Cruises which sails the Gulf and the Caribbean. Trixie also performs in The Burlesque Show at the Borgata Casino in Atlantic City, NJ. In 2016 the recently renovated Orpheum Theater approached Trixie to create a series of shows to bring back the glamour of the once lost eras of vaudeville and vintage burlesque on the stage. Her productions Cupid's Cabaret and Cocktail Cabaret were noteworthy in that they were large scale artistic productions featuring burlesque, actors, musicians, aerialists, & performance artists on a grand stage, further validating the work of these performers in New Orleans to have artistic merit beyond simple entertainment. Burlesque Ballroom debuted in December 2010 and continues to run weekly every Friday at the Royal Sonesta New Orleans on Bourbon Street. This intimate production turns the Jazz Playhouse into a burlesque speakeasy where dancers perform throughout the room to live jazz & blues music. Featuring a rotating cast of New Orleans and international touring burlesque performers, this is a unique perspective on the various types of beauty & styles of classic burlesque. Historically, Burlesque Ballroom is significant as it is the only weekly show where burlesque & live music come together once again as it did during the original heyday of 1950s Bourbon Street burlesque culture.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Guerrilla burlesque Guerrilla Burlesque has become a part of San Francisco burlesque culture since 2005. \" Guerrilla Burlesque\" occurs when a burlesque act happens spontaneously at a show or when burlesque performers descend upon a show to which they were uninvited, thereby finding their way onto the stage. The term was coined in the summer of 2005 by Cherry Lix, a burlesque solo artist based in San Francisco. The first guerrilla burlesque event was performed with Cherry Lix's suggestion by Diamond Daggers, a San Francisco burlesque troupe, at Jim Sweeney's (Kingfish) 2005 birthday party at the DNA Lounge in San Francisco. The Kingfish is one of the largest burlesque producers in San Francisco. After the troupe was successful with the Kingfish, Daisy Delight suggested that they guerrilla the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence's Easter Picnic in the Park, a yearly event in San Francisco's Dolores Park. Later that fall, four members of Diamond Daggers \"guerrillaed\" on various street corners in the Castro, a popular gay neighborhood in San Francisco. In February 2006, Cherry Lix and Daisy Delight started Twilight Vixen Revue, a new gay burlesque troupe, and they have continued the guerrilla burlesque tradition, most recently descending upon Miz Margo's birthday party at the DNA Lounge in July 2006. This style of burlesque epitomizes the \"Neo-Burlesque\" or \"new burlesque\" style of performance, by taking traditional-styled burlesque performance and aggressively bringing it to unsuspecting, modern crowds."], "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides 'Burlesque' as a literary term becoming widespread in 17th century Italy and France, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century, works that had circulated widely in manuscript before they were printed. For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France, and subsequently England, where it referred to a grotesque imitation of the dignified or pathetic. Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation. In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among Cervantes' works are Exemplary Novels and the Eight Comedies and Eight New Interludes published in 1615. The term burlesque has been applied retrospectively to works of Chaucer and Shakespeare and to the Graeco-Roman classics. Burlesque was intentionally ridiculous in that it imitated several styles and combined imitations of certain authors and artists with absurd descriptions. In this, the term was often used interchangeably with \"pastiche\", \"parody\", and the 17th and 18th century genre of the \"mock-heroic\". Burlesque depended on the reader's (or listener's) knowledge of the subject to make its intended effect, and a high degree of literacy was taken for granted. 17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner was applied to a commonplace or comically inappropriate subject matter as, for example, in the literary parody and the mock-heroic.", "The type of decorative architectural paintings that Luciano created represents a genre that became popular in mid-17th century Rome. Art historians interpret the growing popularity of the architectural piece in 17th century Italy as the result of a shift of patronage from 'committente' to 'acquirente', that is, from painting on commission to painting on the open market. Architectural canvases were particularly welcome within the typical 17th-century decorative ensemble, where walls were completely covered with paintings of various types and sizes. The architectural piece lent variety to such ensembles by introducing the strong verticals and horizontals of its subject matter. The roots of this type of vedute can be found in 16th-century painting, and in particular in the architectural settings that were painted as the framework of large-scale frescoes and ceiling decorations known as \"quadratture\". These architectural elements gained prominence in 17th-century painting to become stand-alone subjects of easel paintings. A number of artists practiced this genre. Codazzi was an important inventor of the genre. Alessandro Salucci was a prominent contemporary practitioner of the genre whose work was influenced by Codazzi. Luciano's work was originally very close to that of his presumed master Codazzi. This earned him the nickname 'Pseudo-Codazzi'. There was a difference with Codazzi in that Luciano's works were more narrative and less dramatic. Luciano was less concerned with accurate architectural rendering, in the tradition of quadratura. His interest lay in creating colorful effects. While Luciano incorporated, like Codazzi, Bamboccianti genre elements of daily life, he softened the more realistic approach of the Bamboccianti and their indecorous aspects. Luciano's style combined genre aspects with the elegance of Classicism, ennobled by sumptuous fancy architectures. His mature works anticipate 18th-century developments.", "Although the mix-up of tears and rain is a bit trite in Japanese poetry, Toshiyuki creates a new beauty from old fragments through the unusual verb \"kokitarete\" (drenched) and the kakekotoba on \"furisohochi\" (meaning both \"to fall\" and \"to soak through\"). The kakekotoba is just one way through which poets are able to make unique and beautiful works of art despite working with a rather limited set of acceptable forms, styles, and references Though from a much later period (15th century), this poem utilizes a multi-layered play on the literary term utamakura (\"poem-pillow\"). An utamakura is a place-name that is described with set words and associated constantly with the same scenery, season, time of day, etc...; poets often kept notes of their favorite tropes of this sort. Two of the Six Poetic Immortals of the Kokin Wakash\u016b era were the Priest Henjou and Ono no Komachi, who were reputed to be romantically involved despite their competition. The literary term utamakura is here being used for one of its literal constitutive words, \"pillow,\" to imply that Henjou and Komachi were sleeping together. The poem is also referencing similar scenes in the Gosenshu and Yamato Monogatari. Kakekotoba, as this poem shows, are often humorous displays of the writer's wit. In English a similar technique is sometimes employed in both poetic and prose language. One contemporary example is: \"They say conversation rule the nation, I can tell, but I could never right my wrongs unless I write them down for real.\" -Kendrick Lamar (Poetic Justice)", "She has served on several fellowship committees outside CASVA, including those for The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Distinguished Achievement Award and the Cullman Center at the New York Public Library. Cropper is interested in the relationship of theory to practice in the early modern period, and has been committed to an understanding of the role of literacy among artists, taking seriously their reasoning about their production. Her training at Cambridge with Michael Jaff\u00e9 and Francis Haskell established a strong sense of the value of studying the historiography of art history: her essays on Mannerism, and on works by such artists as Bronzino and Pontormo follow a fundamental concern with the relationship between history and criticism. Essays on beauty, both male and female, have expanded interpretation of Renaissance portraiture and the depiction of the model in relation to the beholder. The relevance of biography to artistic production is a focus of Cropper's research, whether into the difficult and disorderly life of Artemisia Gentileschi or the stoic persistence of Nicolas Poussin. The Malvasia project reveals the extraordinary importance of the documentation of social life and artistic production in 17th century Italy. Questions of imitation and originality lie at the heart of \"The Domenichino Affair\" (2005: Menzione speciale, Premio Salimbeni per la storia e la critica d\u2019arte, 2006), in which the paradigm of novelty is examined as a distinguishing feature of the modern artistic condition. Domenichino was the first artist to be accused successfully of plagiarism, a charge that in itself was a symptom of changed cultural expectation in relation to the poetics of imitation. As Cropper has asserted, painters in 17th century Italy \u201cfaced the very problem of their relationship to tradition and authority and were for the first time compelled to claim their individuality in a historical continuum.\u201d", "Mock-heroic  Mock-heroic, mock-epic or heroi-comic works are typically satires or parodies that mock common Classical stereotypes of heroes and heroic literature. Typically, mock-heroic works either put a fool in the role of the hero or exaggerate the heroic qualities to such a point that they become absurd. Historically, the mock-heroic style was popular in 17th-century Italy, and in the post-Restoration and Augustan periods in Great Britain. The earliest example of the form is the \"Batrachomyomachia\" ascribed to Homer by the Romans and parodying his work, but believed by most modern scholars to be the work of an anonymous poet in the time of Alexander the Great. A longstanding assumption on the origin of the mock-heroic in the 17th century is that epic and the pastoral genres had become used up and exhausted, and so they got parodically reprised. In the 17th century the epic genre was heavily criticized, because it was felt expressing the traditional values of the feudal society. Among the new genres, closer to the modern feelings and proposing new ideals, the satirical literature was particularly effective in criticizing the old habits and values. Beside the Spanish picaresque novels and the French burlesque novel, in Italy flourished the \"poema eroicomico\". In this country those who still wrote epic poems, following the rules set by Torquato Tasso in his work \"Discorsi del poema eroico\" (\"Discussions about the Epic Poems\") and realized in his masterwork, the \"Jerusalem Delivered\", were felt as antiquated. The new mock-heroic poem accepted the same metre, vocabulary, rhetoric of the epics. However, the new genre turned the old epic upside down about the meaning, setting the stories in more familiar situations, to ridiculize the traditional epics."], "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#3", "question": "What started the development of burlesque?", "rewrite": "What started the development of 17th century burlesque?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century, works that had circulated widely in manuscript before they were printed. For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France, and subsequently England, where it referred to a grotesque imitation of the dignified or pathetic. Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation. In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among Cervantes' works are Exemplary Novels and the Eight Comedies and Eight New Interludes published in 1615. The term burlesque has been applied retrospectively to works of Chaucer and Shakespeare and to the Graeco-Roman classics. Burlesque was intentionally ridiculous in that it imitated several styles and combined imitations of certain authors and artists with absurd descriptions. In this, the term was often used interchangeably with \"pastiche\", \"parody\", and the 17th and 18th century genre of the \"mock-heroic\". Burlesque depended on the reader's (or listener's) knowledge of the subject to make its intended effect, and a high degree of literacy was taken for granted. 17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner was applied to a commonplace or comically inappropriate subject matter as, for example, in the literary parody and the mock-heroic.", "As an academic and burlesque/raunch culture media commentator, Lola has worked in media outlets including The Australian, The Age, Sydney Morning Herald, San Francisco Chronicle, The Today Show, Mornings With Kerri-Anne, Getaway and other international print, film and television media. Her work appears in the books, \"Burlesque and The New Bump and Grind\" Michelle Baldwin, \"The Happy Stripper: Politics and Pleasures of The New Burlesque\" Jacki Willson, \"The Secret Life of The Gold Coast\", and photography compilation, \"The Mammoth Book of Erotic Women\". The character of Liza in \"A True History of the Hula Hoop\" (Judith Lanagan) is based on Lola. As a member of the Monaghan family, Lola will be invested as Lady in October 2016 at Queen's College Cambridge. Montgomery trained as an actress and has appeared in several short films, including \"The Poor Slob\" and \"The Good Fairy\" (Cannes Short Film Corner 2007), based on an 1899 cabaret script by Alphonse Allais. This film became part of her 2007 solo tour and continues to tour arts festivals. She directed the 2012 Dick Desert video clip \"Where Ya Mama\", screening on the Rage television program on ABC1. Her first audition was for Jane Campion's film Holy Smoke. She co-produced and performed in the music video for Ma Cherie in 2014. Montgomery is a guest blogger for Vintage Shopper (LA) and has contributed articles to 21st Century Burlesque, No Fibs (Aus), This Is Cabaret (UK), and Burlesque Bible (UK, France). Her PhD thesis is being prepared for publication (2014)", "A 2008 performance at Melbourne's Butterfly Club was described by \"The Age\" as displaying \"A highly developed aesthetic and a sly wit ... super sexy without ever being tawdry, Lola is in a league of her own\" (The Age, September 2008) Lola's influences include the Art Nouveau aesthetics of the Belle Epoque era, Giorgio Agamben's fetishism and the classic striptease of mid-20th century burlesque. She is known for highly referenced sets, ballet-influenced choreography and high production values. (The Happy Stripper, Jackie Willson, 2008) She has also performed at Go Go Burlesco in Sydney. It was one of the first neo-burlesque shows to appear at the Edinburgh Fringe \" The Times\"the five women have some idea about showbiz so the whole thing rattles on with well-rehearsed panache. Exquisitely dressed (and undressed), it does not hurt that the five are all quite ravishing to look at' ( The Times, August 10, 2005), 'Moreover, and this is rare in the realm of modern strip'n'show cabaret , the show tries to capture something of the original burlesque tradition - Lola The Vamp's exotic dance with floaty scarves is one instance' (The Herald, August 27, 2005), 'Lola's feather and fan dances were beautifully erotic' (Hairline Highlights, August 17, 2005). Subsequent major shows include The Big Day Out, Woodford Folk Festival, Valley Fiesta and solo tours of the East Coast of Australia. Lola assisted Pip Branson in the foundation of 34b Burlesque in Sydney in 2005, making regular appearances until its closure in 2012. She was the Australian Penthouse Pet of the Month in November 2007 and supported Nick Cave solo and Grinderman on their Australian performances in 2007.", "Khandie Khisses Khandie Khisses is a British burlesque performer, photographer and actor. Continually voted by the general public into the top 50 burlesque stars of 2009, 2010, and 2011 and 2012 as well as a top 20 UK Burlesque Performer. She is also a regular columnist for 21st Century Burlesque and Pinup America. She has also guest columned for BleedingCool.com. Khandie's first film \" Jimmy's End\", written by comic book creator Alan Moore and directed by Mitch Jenkins was released in 2012. Her second film is 'His Heavy Heart' with Alan and Mitch again. Due for release Summer 2014. Having started her career in the military (believed to be the Royal Air Force), she left to pursue a career as the glamour showgirl she is today. Originally called 'Morning Glory' though no records can be found, her stage name was changed to 'Khandie Khisses'. Her first performance was in late 2005 and since then has gone on to perform by invitation at the Zandra Rhodes Fashion & Textiles Museum, The British Science Festival, Australian Burlesque Festival and the Paris Burlesque Festival. One of her more noted performances is her underwater mermaid art installation. Already an accomplished writer her journalistic work features as regular columns for burlesque industry online magazine 21st Century Burlesque Online. She has previously written for Bleeding Cool and Coochie Crunch.", "Who's on First? \"Who's on First? \" is a comedy routine made famous by Abbott and Costello. The premise of the sketch is that Abbott is identifying the players on a baseball team for Costello, but their names and nicknames can be interpreted as non-responsive answers to Costello's questions. For example, the first baseman is named \"Who\"; thus, the utterance \" Who's on first\" is ambiguous between the question (\"Which person is the first baseman?\") and the answer (\"The name of the first baseman is 'Who). \"Who's on First? \" is descended from turn-of-the-century burlesque sketches that used plays on words and names. Examples are \"The Baker Scene\" (the shop is located on Watt Street) and \"Who Dyed\" (the owner is named \"Who\"). In the 1930 movie \"Cracked Nuts\", comedians Bert Wheeler and Robert Woolsey examine a map of a mythical kingdom with dialogue like this: \"What is next to Which.\" \"What is the name of the town next to Which?\" \"Yes.\" In British music halls, comedian Will Hay performed a routine in the early 1930s (and possibly earlier) as a schoolmaster interviewing a schoolboy named Howe who came from Ware but now lives in Wye. By the early 1930s, a \"Baseball Routine\" had become a standard bit for burlesque comics across the United States. Abbott's wife recalled him performing the routine with another comedian before teaming with Costello. Bud Abbott stated that it was taken from an older routine called \"Who's The Boss?\", a performance of which can be heard in an episode of the radio comedy program \"It Pays to Be Ignorant\" from the 1940s."], "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works.", "answer_start": 627}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#4", "question": "What was the first performance of burlesque?", "rewrite": "What was the first performance of 17th century burlesque?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Who's on First? \"Who's on First? \" is a comedy routine made famous by Abbott and Costello. The premise of the sketch is that Abbott is identifying the players on a baseball team for Costello, but their names and nicknames can be interpreted as non-responsive answers to Costello's questions. For example, the first baseman is named \"Who\"; thus, the utterance \" Who's on first\" is ambiguous between the question (\"Which person is the first baseman?\") and the answer (\"The name of the first baseman is 'Who). \"Who's on First? \" is descended from turn-of-the-century burlesque sketches that used plays on words and names. Examples are \"The Baker Scene\" (the shop is located on Watt Street) and \"Who Dyed\" (the owner is named \"Who\"). In the 1930 movie \"Cracked Nuts\", comedians Bert Wheeler and Robert Woolsey examine a map of a mythical kingdom with dialogue like this: \"What is next to Which.\" \"What is the name of the town next to Which?\" \"Yes.\" In British music halls, comedian Will Hay performed a routine in the early 1930s (and possibly earlier) as a schoolmaster interviewing a schoolboy named Howe who came from Ware but now lives in Wye. By the early 1930s, a \"Baseball Routine\" had become a standard bit for burlesque comics across the United States. Abbott's wife recalled him performing the routine with another comedian before teaming with Costello. Bud Abbott stated that it was taken from an older routine called \"Who's The Boss?\", a performance of which can be heard in an episode of the radio comedy program \"It Pays to Be Ignorant\" from the 1940s.", "As an academic and burlesque/raunch culture media commentator, Lola has worked in media outlets including The Australian, The Age, Sydney Morning Herald, San Francisco Chronicle, The Today Show, Mornings With Kerri-Anne, Getaway and other international print, film and television media. Her work appears in the books, \"Burlesque and The New Bump and Grind\" Michelle Baldwin, \"The Happy Stripper: Politics and Pleasures of The New Burlesque\" Jacki Willson, \"The Secret Life of The Gold Coast\", and photography compilation, \"The Mammoth Book of Erotic Women\". The character of Liza in \"A True History of the Hula Hoop\" (Judith Lanagan) is based on Lola. As a member of the Monaghan family, Lola will be invested as Lady in October 2016 at Queen's College Cambridge. Montgomery trained as an actress and has appeared in several short films, including \"The Poor Slob\" and \"The Good Fairy\" (Cannes Short Film Corner 2007), based on an 1899 cabaret script by Alphonse Allais. This film became part of her 2007 solo tour and continues to tour arts festivals. She directed the 2012 Dick Desert video clip \"Where Ya Mama\", screening on the Rage television program on ABC1. Her first audition was for Jane Campion's film Holy Smoke. She co-produced and performed in the music video for Ma Cherie in 2014. Montgomery is a guest blogger for Vintage Shopper (LA) and has contributed articles to 21st Century Burlesque, No Fibs (Aus), This Is Cabaret (UK), and Burlesque Bible (UK, France). Her PhD thesis is being prepared for publication (2014)", "Khandie Khisses Khandie Khisses is a British burlesque performer, photographer and actor. Continually voted by the general public into the top 50 burlesque stars of 2009, 2010, and 2011 and 2012 as well as a top 20 UK Burlesque Performer. She is also a regular columnist for 21st Century Burlesque and Pinup America. She has also guest columned for BleedingCool.com. Khandie's first film \" Jimmy's End\", written by comic book creator Alan Moore and directed by Mitch Jenkins was released in 2012. Her second film is 'His Heavy Heart' with Alan and Mitch again. Due for release Summer 2014. Having started her career in the military (believed to be the Royal Air Force), she left to pursue a career as the glamour showgirl she is today. Originally called 'Morning Glory' though no records can be found, her stage name was changed to 'Khandie Khisses'. Her first performance was in late 2005 and since then has gone on to perform by invitation at the Zandra Rhodes Fashion & Textiles Museum, The British Science Festival, Australian Burlesque Festival and the Paris Burlesque Festival. One of her more noted performances is her underwater mermaid art installation. Already an accomplished writer her journalistic work features as regular columns for burlesque industry online magazine 21st Century Burlesque Online. She has previously written for Bleeding Cool and Coochie Crunch.", "A 2008 performance at Melbourne's Butterfly Club was described by \"The Age\" as displaying \"A highly developed aesthetic and a sly wit ... super sexy without ever being tawdry, Lola is in a league of her own\" (The Age, September 2008) Lola's influences include the Art Nouveau aesthetics of the Belle Epoque era, Giorgio Agamben's fetishism and the classic striptease of mid-20th century burlesque. She is known for highly referenced sets, ballet-influenced choreography and high production values. (The Happy Stripper, Jackie Willson, 2008) She has also performed at Go Go Burlesco in Sydney. It was one of the first neo-burlesque shows to appear at the Edinburgh Fringe \" The Times\"the five women have some idea about showbiz so the whole thing rattles on with well-rehearsed panache. Exquisitely dressed (and undressed), it does not hurt that the five are all quite ravishing to look at' ( The Times, August 10, 2005), 'Moreover, and this is rare in the realm of modern strip'n'show cabaret , the show tries to capture something of the original burlesque tradition - Lola The Vamp's exotic dance with floaty scarves is one instance' (The Herald, August 27, 2005), 'Lola's feather and fan dances were beautifully erotic' (Hairline Highlights, August 17, 2005). Subsequent major shows include The Big Day Out, Woodford Folk Festival, Valley Fiesta and solo tours of the East Coast of Australia. Lola assisted Pip Branson in the foundation of 34b Burlesque in Sydney in 2005, making regular appearances until its closure in 2012. She was the Australian Penthouse Pet of the Month in November 2007 and supported Nick Cave solo and Grinderman on their Australian performances in 2007.", "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century, works that had circulated widely in manuscript before they were printed. For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France, and subsequently England, where it referred to a grotesque imitation of the dignified or pathetic. Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation. In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among Cervantes' works are Exemplary Novels and the Eight Comedies and Eight New Interludes published in 1615. The term burlesque has been applied retrospectively to works of Chaucer and Shakespeare and to the Graeco-Roman classics. Burlesque was intentionally ridiculous in that it imitated several styles and combined imitations of certain authors and artists with absurd descriptions. In this, the term was often used interchangeably with \"pastiche\", \"parody\", and the 17th and 18th century genre of the \"mock-heroic\". Burlesque depended on the reader's (or listener's) knowledge of the subject to make its intended effect, and a high degree of literacy was taken for granted. 17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner was applied to a commonplace or comically inappropriate subject matter as, for example, in the literary parody and the mock-heroic."], "answer": {"text": "the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation.", "answer_start": 497}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What started the development of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#5", "question": "Did burlesque stay true to its original development or were there changes?", "rewrite": "Did burlesque stay true to its original development or were there changes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The supporting acts for the tour were Bring Me the Horizon, the Red Shore, the Ghost Inside and a local act from each city played at. After the tour, Peters continued writing for the debut album of Deez Nuts. The Deez Nuts debut album was recorded by Roman Koester of the Red Shore at Complex Studios in August 2008. After the recording process, Deez Nuts embarked on a tour of Australia in September 2008, joined by I Killed the Prom Queen alumni Michael Crafter's new band Confession. Then in October, Deez Nuts was invited to tour Europe with English deathcore act Bring Me the Horizon along with friends the Red Shore and Ignominious Incarceration. During this tour of Europe, Deez Nuts' first album, \"Stay True\", was released on 4 October 2008, in Australia by Stomp Entertainment. Once returning from Europe, Deez Nuts began planning a National Australian tour in support of \"Stay True\"'. \" The Stay True Tour\" took place from January to February 2009, supported by hip hop artist Louie Knuxx. After a string of Australian shows, Deez Nuts returned to Europe to tour with English hardcore band Your Demise. During this tour, Deez Nuts organised a few headline shows in England, which received positive reviews and crowd reaction. The band immediately headed to the U.S. for a tour with American hardcore act Ligeia. Upon arrival in the country, the band was denied entry as a result of misinformation with their paperwork, and were sent back to Australia. During the time in between tours Peters spent back in Australia, he formed a hip hop/rap group called Grips & Tonic with New Zealand rapper Louie Knuxx. The group released a full-length album, \"Want Some, Get Some\", which was released in June 2008.", "Neo-Burlesque Neo-Burlesque, or New Burlesque, is the revival and updating of the traditional American burlesque performance. Though based on the traditional burlesque art, the new form encompasses a wider range of performance styles; neo-burlesque acts can range from anything from classic striptease to modern dance to theatrical mini-dramas to comedic mayhem. Burlesque was brought to America from Britain in the late 1860s by Lydia Thompson and her \"British Blondes\", a troupe who spoofed traditional theatrical productions and featured ladies performing men's roles, in costumes considered revealing for the time period. American burlesque soon assimilated music hall, minstrel shows, striptease, comedy and cabaret styles to evolve from the follies of the twenties and thirties to the girlie shows of the 40s and 50s, which eventually gave way to the modern strip club. The striptease element of burlesque became subject to extensive local legislation, leading to a theatrical form that titillated without falling foul of censors. By the late 1930s, a social crackdown on burlesque shows began their gradual decline. The shows had slowly changed from ensemble ribald variety performances, to simple performances focusing mostly on the striptease. In New York, Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia clamped down on burlesque, effectively putting it out of business by the early 1940s. Burlesque lingered on elsewhere in the U.S., increasingly neglected, and by the 1970s, with nudity commonplace in theatres, American burlesque reached \"its final, shabby demise\". During its declining years and afterwards, films sought to capture the spirit of American burlesque. For example, in \"I'm No Angel\" (1933), Mae West performed a burlesque act.", "Smart Foodservice Warehouse Stores Smart Foodservice Warehouse Stores (formerly Cash&Carry Smart Foodservice) is a chain of American low-price warehouse grocery stores located in California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Smart Foodservice Warehouse Stores are geared toward supplying food service operators like restaurants, but it also serves individuals similarly to Costco (but without the membership fees). Smart Foodservice Warehouse Stores run 66 stores as of the end of 2018. The company operates 25 stores in Washington, 19 stores in Oregon, 14 stores in California, four stores in Idaho, two in Nevada, one in Utah and one in Montana. The company is based in Portland, Oregon. Smart Foodservice Warehouse Stores offer brand-name and private-label groceries, including meat, dairy and fresh produce, as well as tableware, paper products, janitorial supplies and catering supplies. They are open seven days a week. Smart Foodservice Warehouse Stores operate as an independent division of Smart & Final, LLC. The Cash&Carry Smart Foodservice chain is the foodservice brand and division of Smart & Final, LLC. Smart & Final operates 282 stores under several brands. The Smart & Final chain includes 198 stores (185 in the U.S. and 13 in Mexico). The Henry's Farmers Markets and Sun Farmers Markets chains include 35 stores in California and Texas.", "Guerrilla burlesque Guerrilla Burlesque has become a part of San Francisco burlesque culture since 2005. \" Guerrilla Burlesque\" occurs when a burlesque act happens spontaneously at a show or when burlesque performers descend upon a show to which they were uninvited, thereby finding their way onto the stage. The term was coined in the summer of 2005 by Cherry Lix, a burlesque solo artist based in San Francisco. The first guerrilla burlesque event was performed with Cherry Lix's suggestion by Diamond Daggers, a San Francisco burlesque troupe, at Jim Sweeney's (Kingfish) 2005 birthday party at the DNA Lounge in San Francisco. The Kingfish is one of the largest burlesque producers in San Francisco. After the troupe was successful with the Kingfish, Daisy Delight suggested that they guerrilla the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence's Easter Picnic in the Park, a yearly event in San Francisco's Dolores Park. Later that fall, four members of Diamond Daggers \"guerrillaed\" on various street corners in the Castro, a popular gay neighborhood in San Francisco. In February 2006, Cherry Lix and Daisy Delight started Twilight Vixen Revue, a new gay burlesque troupe, and they have continued the guerrilla burlesque tradition, most recently descending upon Miz Margo's birthday party at the DNA Lounge in July 2006. This style of burlesque epitomizes the \"Neo-Burlesque\" or \"new burlesque\" style of performance, by taking traditional-styled burlesque performance and aggressively bringing it to unsuspecting, modern crowds.", "Weldon was inspired by the sideshows and burlesque shows of Coney Island in the mid-1990s, and has moderated the Wild Women Panel, among others, as part of Coney Island's annual Congress of Curious People. Weldon has produced shows for Coney Island's Burlesque at the Beach series, including her annual Follies Fromage, a show based entirely on cheese, and the autobiographical \"God-Damned Women\" show. She is the coordinator and lead instructor of the Coney Island University Master Class in Burlesque. Weldon is an educator and authority on the topic of burlesque. She is the founder, in 2003, and headmistress of The New York School of Burlesque. The school has taught disabled performers at DaDaFest in Liverpool, UK, and taught breast cancer survivors through its Pink Light Burlesque program. Weldon is the founder of Pink Light Burlesque, an organization to provide burlesque classes free of cost to breast cancer patients and survivors. The first Pink Light Burlesque showcase in December 2011 was featured in TIME. Pink Light Burlesque classes have beeb held in Seattle, New York and New Zealand. Weldon is author \"The Burlesque Handbook\" (HarperCollins/ItBooks 2010), which developed from a compilation of her class handouts and from a 50-page ebook that she had already produced covering technique and performance. It has a foreword by comedian Margaret Cho. From 2001 to 2010, Weldon produced the website G-Strings Forever, a collection of photographs and articles about stripping and burlesque. She maintained a LiveJournal account from 2004 to 2010 where she wrote extensively on burlesque, sex work, and women's issues. Since 2007 Weldon has written the burlesque blog Burlesque Daily."], "answer": {"text": "17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner", "answer_start": 1426}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What started the development of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first performance of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#6", "question": "Is there anything else interesting I should know?", "rewrite": "Besides 17th and 18th century burlesge being divided into two types, Is there anything else interesting I should know?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Though the two had attended the University of South Dakota at the same time, they had never met. Frantz continued to write until his death in 1993. In the 1950s, Yellow Robe appeared as a regular on NBC children's programs and was featured on Robert Montgomery Presents. In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national publicity tour for the movie \"\"Broken Arrow\". \" The movie, directed by Delmer Daves, starred James Stewart as Tom Jeffords, Jeff Chandler as Cochise and Jay Silverheels as Geronimo. The film is based on historical figures but fictionalizes their story in dramatized form. \" Broken Arrow\" was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won a Golden Globe award for \"Best Film Promoting International Understanding.\" Film historians reported that the movie was one of the first major Westerns since the Second World War to portray the Indians sympathetically. Rosebud was interviewed by newspapers during the tour and explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca. \" The Americans decided that she must be royalty, so they made her \"princess. \" It's an old English rather an old Indian custom.\" Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen and television to \"a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" Rosebud Yellow Robe authored two children's books. \u201d \"An Album of the American Indian\"\u201d, published in 1969, highlights centuries of Native American history depicting the daily lives of seven different Indian tribes prior to European contact.", "Tsar\u2019 idyot,  Tsar\u2019 idyot,  Idyot Tsar! Nash Tsar\u2019 idyot! Nash Tsar... idyot!! Slava nashemu Tsaryu! Ura! Ura! Ura!</poem > Performance lyrics of abbreviated version as sung by the Alexandrov Ensemble:", "Vsyo idyot po planu Vsyo idyot po planu (, \"Everything is going according to plan\") is the eighth studio album by Soviet/Russian punk band Grazhdanskaya Oborona. The album was recorded and released in 1988 by Yegor Letov in Omsk. It was the first album from the 1988 album series (with \u00abTak zakalyalas' stal\u00bb, and \u00abBoyevoy stimul\u00bb). The title track of this album was one of the band's most popular songs. In 1987 Letov immediately left the city with his then-partner, the fellow Siberian songwriter Yanka Dyagileva, and spent the entire year in hiding, hitch-hiking across the country until the prosecution was stopped in December 1987 with the help of Letov's relatives. In winter 1988 Letov returned home and recorded three more albums (also released under the name of Grazhdanskaya Oborona) in his home \"studio\", known as \"GrOb Records\". In the same year the reunited band started touring across the USSR. The title track \u00abVsyo idyot po planu\u00bb (\"Everything is going according to plan\") became much more famous than its author. The song was conceived as a confession of a simple Soviet citizen who came home tired. He sees the world around him and sings about this terrible world. The lyrics of the album have an acute social and political mood. Letov sang all the songs and played all the instruments, but Kuzya UO and Oleg Sudakov took part in the song as backing vocalists.", "Gospodom dannyi nam Tsar'-Gosudar'! Da budet bessmerten tvoy Tsarskiy rod! Da im blagodenstvuet russkii narod! Slav'sya, slav'sya, nash russkiy Tsar'! Gospodom dannyi nam Tsar'-Gosudar'! Slav'sya, slav'sya!  Utesh\u2019tes\u2019 , vas Tsar\u2019 nagradit, I narod vozglasit: Pamyat\u2019 vovek Susaninu! Slav'sya, slav'sya, nash russkiy Tsar'! Gospodom dannyi nam Tsar'-Gosudar'! Slav'sya, slav'sya! Slava Tsaryu! Vas Tsar\u2019 nagradit, I narod vozglasit: Pamyat\u2019 vovek Susaninu! Slava nashemu Tsaryu, Slava Rusi svyatoy, Slava nashemu Tsaryu, Slava, slava, gremi, Moskva! Prazdnuy torzhestvennyy den\u2019 Gosudarya, Likuy, veselisya: tsarskiy khod vs\u00eb blizhe! Tsar\u2019 idyot,  Tsar\u2019 idyot,  Tsar\u2019 idyot! Nash Tsar\u2019 idyot! Slava nashemu Tsaryu, Slava Rusi svyatoy, Slava nashemu Tsaryu, Slava, slava, gremi, Moskva! Prazdnuy torzhestvennyy den\u2019 Gosudarya, Likuy, veselisya: tsarskiy khod vs\u00eb blizhe!", "\"Broken Arrow\", however, is noteworthy for being one of the first post-war Westerns to portray Native Americans in a balanced, sympathetic way \u2013 although most of the Indians were played by white actors, with Brooklyn-born Jeff Chandler portraying Apache leader Cochise. An exception was that Native Canadian Mohawk actor Jay Silverheels was noted for his role as Geronimo in the film. Some scholars have said that the film appealed to an ideal of tolerance and racial equality that would influence later Westerns and indicate Hollywood's response to the Indian's evolving role in American society. \" Chronicle of the Cinema\" praised the film: \"Based on verifiable fact, it faithfully evokes the historical relationship between Cochise and Jeffords, marking a historical rehabilitation of Indians in the cinema.\" In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe, a Native American folklorist, educator, and author, was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national tour to promote the film. Rosebud explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca\". Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen, and television to \"... a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" The Apache Wedding Prayer was written for this movie. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:  \"Broken Arrow\" was dramatized as an hour-long radio play on January 22, 1951, starring Burt Lancaster and Debra Paget. It was also presented as a half-hour broadcast of \"Screen Director's Playhouse\" on September 7, 1951, with James Stewart and Jeff Chandler in their original film roles."], "answer": {"text": "Low burlesque applied an irreverent, mocking style to a serious subject; an example is Samuel Butler's poem Hudibras,", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What started the development of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first performance of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did burlesque stay true to its original development or were there changes?", "answer": {"text": "17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#7", "question": "Where did they do some of the early shows after development?", "rewrite": "Where did burlesque performers do some of the early shows after development?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lesburlesque  Lesburlesque is a British troupe of over thirty burlesque performers that perform on the cabaret circuit. They are notable for being the first and only burlesque troupe in the UK that performs lesbian burlesque. Following on from the success of Los Angeles-based girl band and dance troupe, the Pin Up Girls, Lesburlesque appeared on the burlesque scene in September 2010. They came to wider public attention in 2012 for having performed at a former church and continue to incorporate traditionally lesbian specific cabaret entertainment, such as drag kinging to broadening its appeal to the wider cabaret circuit. Lesburlesque is a British burlesque and dance troupe, founded by lesbian cabaret performer Pixie Truffle in 2010. The troupe began as a duet burlesque routine idea, but following favourable responses from established burlesque performers Kitty Liquor, Mona Von Chrome, Isobella Lash and March Violets vocalist Rosie Garland, aka Rosie Lugosi, Pixie dedicated herself to making Lesburlesque into a fully fledged cabaret group. Performing at a former place of worship, Platt Chapel (now Unique Manchester), Lesburlesque garnered scathing attention from the British Tabloid press. However the press in Manchester seemed supportive of their efforts to expand the concept of burlesque to the LGBTQ community and to render sapphic art forms such as drag kinging available to a larger audience. The troupe continue to use established drag king performers The Dyke Kings and Juan Kerr. Lesburlesque and Pixie continue to spearhead the rise to equality of drag king performance art. In an exchange between Pixie and actress and feminist writer Rhona Foulis, Pixie claims it is \"... her personal mission to bring lesbian performances to a mainstream audience, in exactly the same way as drag queens have been accepted. \"", "A typical burlesque act usually includes striptease, expensive or garish costumes, and bawdy humor, and may incorporate elements of cabaret, circus skills, aerial silk, and more; sensuality, performance, and humor are kept in balance. Unlike professional strippers, burlesque performers often perform for fun and spend more money on costumes, rehearsal, and props than they are compensated. Although performers may still strip down to pasties and g-string or merkin, the purpose is no longer solely sexual gratification for men but self-expression of the performer and, vicariously, the women in the audience. The DIY aspect is prominent, and furthermore the striptease may be used to challenge sexual objectification, orientation, and other social taboos. The revival, however, has been known to run afoul of liquor licensing and obscenity laws, thus raising free speech (as symbolic speech) issues which have led to successful litigation or changes in municipal policy distinguishing burlesque from other forms of \"adult entertainment\", as well as provided further fodder for satirical performances. There are modern burlesque performers, shows and festivals in many countries throughout the world as well as annual conventions such as the Miss Exotic World Pageant. Today's burlesque revival has found homes throughout the United States (with the largest communities located on its East and West Coasts) and in Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, France, Germany and Japan. Neo-burlesque shows that feature male-body roles have been dubbed as boylesque. The introduction of boylesque elements can be seen as a key difference between neo-burlesque and earlier, exclusively female-body forms of burlesque, which sometimes incorporated drag-queen roles (i.e. male impersonators of female bodies) but did not directly represent masculinity.", "A staple of theatrical burlesque was the display of attractive women in travesty roles, dressed in tights to show off their legs, but the plays themselves were seldom more than modestly risqu\u00e9. Burlesque in the United States is believed to have begun in New York during the 1860s with the formation of the burlesque troupe the British Blondes. During this time feminists and activists were politically active in the fight for abolition and suffrage and women were using more publicly available spaces for all different types of performances and demonstrations. The group established burlesque as a mostly female dominated performance as well as the performances including a strip tease and a narrative. As time went on, burlesque acts also started to include dancing, singing, witty jokes, and political commentary. In the nineteenth century, burlesque allowed the performers to have more freedom when it came to planning their performance, so some burlesque performers made no attempt to have a logically flowing narrative. Starting in 1869, the popularity of burlesque was rapidly increasing and between 1870 and 1940, every state in America was visited by burlesque troupes. While Vaudeville groups were still touring, it was common for the troupe to have a burlesque show as one of the acts. In Vaudeville shows, there were different acts, including burlesque, that traveled together to put on a performance for live audiences. During the 1920s and 1930s, the popularity of Vaudeville troupes dwindled because towns were building movie theaters, but burlesque performers remained active. After Vaudeville ended, burlesque performances evolved into refined strip shows,in which the performers would wear glamorous gowns, gloves, and hats. During the early twentieth century, burlesque shows took place in clubs that were located in larger cities.", "Wanting to explore the creative versatility through the art of tease she began producing her own shows in September 2006. An active member of the New Orleans Burlesque revival, Trixie continued to create shows and has since gone on to perform throughout the world. Trixie Minx currently produces several ongoing productions in New Orleans. Fleur de Tease, Burgundy Burlesque, Burlesque Ballroom, and her Cabaret series at the Orpheum Theater. She created Fantasy for Couples Cruises which sails the Gulf and the Caribbean. Trixie also performs in The Burlesque Show at the Borgata Casino in Atlantic City, NJ. In 2016 the recently renovated Orpheum Theater approached Trixie to create a series of shows to bring back the glamour of the once lost eras of vaudeville and vintage burlesque on the stage. Her productions Cupid's Cabaret and Cocktail Cabaret were noteworthy in that they were large scale artistic productions featuring burlesque, actors, musicians, aerialists, & performance artists on a grand stage, further validating the work of these performers in New Orleans to have artistic merit beyond simple entertainment. Burlesque Ballroom debuted in December 2010 and continues to run weekly every Friday at the Royal Sonesta New Orleans on Bourbon Street. This intimate production turns the Jazz Playhouse into a burlesque speakeasy where dancers perform throughout the room to live jazz & blues music. Featuring a rotating cast of New Orleans and international touring burlesque performers, this is a unique perspective on the various types of beauty & styles of classic burlesque. Historically, Burlesque Ballroom is significant as it is the only weekly show where burlesque & live music come together once again as it did during the original heyday of 1950s Bourbon Street burlesque culture.", "Two weeks later, Roxi competed in the Grand Prix of Exotic Dance where she was crowned World Champion of Exotic Dance and won the titles of Best Burlesque Performer and Best Exotic Dancer. In 2009, Roxi D'Lite was the first Canadian in history to be invited to compete for the coveted Miss Exotic World title. She performed her act, the Runaway Bride, which culminates in an aerial act with a giant diamond mounted on top of an aerial hoop. The 2009 Miss Exotic World pageant was Roxi\u2019s first competition. In 2009, she won the 1st Runner-up to Miss Exotic World and earned a return appearance at the 2010 Miss Exotic World Pageant. In 2010, Roxi D'Lite won the Miss Exotic World Pageant, the most prestigious burlesque title in the world and became the first Canadian to do so. She performed her signature act, the Smoking Cigar, which features a 12-foot smoking cigar and ashtray. D'Lite says the act was inspired by an old photograph of film noir legend Marlene Dietrich. She was voted one of the top 5 burlesque performers in the world and she was named one of the hottest modern burlesque performers in the world. She has been called a \"burlesque queen\" by the Detroit Free Press and \"stellar act\" by The Globe and Mail. D'Lite specializes in pin-up and glamour photography. Her work has appeared in numerous publications including The Globe and Mail. Roxi has photographed the top stars of burlesque but is most known for her self-portraits. She styles, shoots and edits all her own photos that are said to \"exude softness, warmth and strength all at once.\" Roxi D'Lite stars in the feature film Burlesque Assassins."], "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among", "answer_start": 627}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What started the development of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first performance of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did burlesque stay true to its original development or were there changes?", "answer": {"text": "17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting I should know?", "answer": {"text": "Low burlesque applied an irreverent, mocking style to a serious subject; an example is Samuel Butler's poem Hudibras,", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#8", "question": "Are there any more important dates in the article?", "rewrite": "Besides the 17th century, are there any more important dates in the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A former Wesleyan Methodist Chapel, also in Buerton village, dates from 1891; it closed in 1975. The timber-framed country house of Highfields at dates from 1615 and was built for the Dodds family; it is listed at grade I. Woodhouse Farmhouse is a grade-II*-listed, red-brick farmhouse on Woodhouse Lane, dating from the late 17th or early 18th century; the garden wall and gatepiers of the farmhouse are also listed at grade II. Smithy House and Dairy House, both on Woore Road, are timber-framed former farmhouses with brick infill, dating originally from the 17th century with 19th-century additions; both are listed at grade II. Buerton Old House in Buerton village dates from the 17th century. Buerton House was originally Tythe Barn Farm, and its Edwardian brickwork conceals a much older core. Kynsal Lodge, off Kettle Lane, is a red-brick country house dating from around 1850. Its stables block is of the same date; both are listed at grade II. The brick body of Buerton Old Windmill stands on Windmill Lane; dated 1779, it is listed at grade II. The former school building in Buerton village dates from 1885 and was originally a Band of Hope lecture hall. A war memorial is located on the front of the former school. Several farm buildings are listed at grade II. There are two timber-framed barns with brick infill; that at Woodhouse Farm dates from the 16th or 17th century, while that at Dairy House dates from the 17th century. An early-19th-century red-brick farm building at Malt Kiln Farm on Woore Road is also listed. Buerton Primary School in Buerton village closed in 2006.", "Boris Komitov (singer) Boris Petrov Komitov is a Bulgarian pop singer, songwriter. He plays the piano and the guitar. Since 1971, Komitov has been performing, recording, creating music videos, writing and arranging songs and albums. Boris Petrov Komitov was born on 12 December 1952 in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. His father, Petar Borisov Komitov, D.Mus.(Gynecologist), was one of the founders of the Plovdiv Academic Symphony Orchestra, where he was a concertmaster and violin soloist. His mother, Vesela Komitova was a lawyer; she also had a passion for music and played the piano. The Name Komitov comes from his great-grandfather on his father's side (Peter Ivanov Milkov from Sliven), who volunteered to fight in the Battle of Shipka, in the composition of VIII Volunteer Battalion. His other great-grandfather, Alexander Evstatiev (colonel in the 17th Infantry Regiment), is a descendant of the famous educator of Strelcha Todor Gramatik. In his home was sheltered Georgi Benkovski and Vasil Levski founded a revolutionary committee and its members swears his father Pop Ivan. His brother Sava Pop Evstatiev is among the organizers of the revolutionary committee in Oborishte. On the day of Russian liberation troops entry in Plovdiv, Turks removed both his eyes, then kill him. In his family has 27 priest. At the age of 7, he placed second at a piano competition in Plovdiv. Boris began singing in the late 1960s, influenced by the vitality and magnetism of one of Bulgaria's most famous singers \u2013 Emil Dimitrov. Between 1969 and 1971, Komitov performed Emil Dimitrov's work and Italian songs at music shows.", "This painting dates from the 16th century but it incomplete. On the other side of the same level, there is a painting of the Holy Family, painted in the 17th or 18th century. From the same time period is an image of the Most Pure Virgin on the third level, but it is not in its original place. On the fourth level, there is another image of Christ which dates from the 16th or 17th century and another on the fifth level from the 17th century. Our Lady of Mount Carmen appears on the fifth level, painted in the 17th century and the Martyrdom of Saint Peter is on the sixth level, painted in the 17th or 18th century. Also on the sixth level, there is an image of the Passion from the 17th century but it is in poor condition and unstable. An image of Saint Sebastian from the 17th century is on the seventh level. The image of Saint Sebastian is paired with an image of the Apostle James the Great. The reason for this is that in the late 16th century, Xochimilco had an epidemic of a sickness called cocolixtle for over a year. Prayers to these two saints were attributed to the final disappearance of the malady. Among the various statues on this main altar, there is a relief of Bernardino of Siena surrounded with sculptures representing the indigenous leaders which helped to build the church and monastery. In the rest of the church and monastery there are paintings and frescos, a number of which by famous artists such as Baltasar de Echave and his son, Simon Pereyns, S\u00e1nchez Samer\u00f3n Caravaggio, Francisco Mart\u00ednez, Luis Arciniegas and Juan Mart\u00ednez Monta\u00f1\u00e9s. On the columns of the main nave, there are frescos of the Twelve Apostles . The finer pews are made of red cedar as are the two pulpits all made by a carpenter named Juan Rojas in the 18th century.", "Yankee Doodle Bugs Yankee Doodle Bugs is a Looney Tunes cartoon short, released in 1954, which was written by Warren Foster and directed by Friz Freleng. Bugs Bunny's nephew, Clyde, has trouble remembering important dates and events in history in preparation for an exam, so Bugs offers to help. The cartoon's title is a humorous portmanteau of the American folk song \"Yankee Doodle\" and the word \"doodlebug\". Clyde is lying down on the floor doing his history homework for an exam at school, scratching down important dates in history and getting confused. After several moments, he exclaims: \"I give up!\". His uncle Bugs offers to help and proceeds to tell him how rabbits made American history. In the first segment, in a trade of land with the Native American Indians, Bugs explains that Manhattan wasn't the bustling city you see today, but was rather, filled with Indian teepees. Bugs explains that the Statue of Liberty was \"... just a little goil (girl) at the time\". In the second segment, Bugs is interacting with Benjamin Franklin on the day that Franklin discovered electricity. \"What's up, Benny? \" Bugs asks. Ben states: \"I'm trying to discover electricity,\" and asks Bugs if he can tend to his kite (with a key tied on it, naturally), and that he must get out \"... ye first edition of \"The Saturday Evening Post\" \", so he hands his kite string to Bugs to look after until he gets back. Bugs sees a storm cloud approach, lightning hits the kite and travels down the string and electrocutes him. Ben runs back, picks up Bugs who is flashing off and on like a lightbulb, exclaiming \"I discovered electricity! I discovered electricity!\"", "Three timber-framed, black-and-white buildings in the village centre are listed at grade II. Marbury Cottage on Church Lane dates originally from the late 16th or early 17th century and is believed to have formerly been a dower house. The two-storey, T-shaped building has both close studding and small framing with brick infill. Some 17th- and 18th-century doors survive on the interior. On the corner of Church Lane and Wirswall Road stands 1\u20134 Black and White Cottages, which was once a single house with a service wing, but is now divided into four cottages. The original house dates from the late 16th or early 17th century and features close studding; it has a projecting wing with a jettied gable. The former service wing dates in part from the late 17th or early 18th century, and has some small framing. Finally, a two-storey outhouse on Wirswall Road adjacent to The Swan dates from the 17th century, and features small framing with brick infill. Marbury Hall is a small Regency hall in white stuccoed brick with stone dressings, located off Hollins Lane at , on rising ground overlooking Marbury Big Mere. The entrance front has two bow windows, each three bays wide, flanking a central recessed porch. Built for the Poole family in around 1805\u201310, the hall is listed at grade II. A timber-framed farmhouse adjacent to the hall dates from the 17th century, and is also listed at grade II. The grade-II-listed gatelodge, on Hollins Lane at , dates from 1876 and is thought to be by Thomas Lockwood. Timber framed in red sandstone and brick, the lodge features decorative framing and has a jettied bay. Architecture writers Peter de Figueiredo and Julian Treuherz describe it as \"pretty\", with \"playful\" ornamentation."], "answer": {"text": "Tom Stoppard's 1974 play Travesties is an example of a full-length play drawing on the burlesque tradition.", "answer_start": 548}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What started the development of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first performance of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did burlesque stay true to its original development or were there changes?", "answer": {"text": "17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting I should know?", "answer": {"text": "Low burlesque applied an irreverent, mocking style to a serious subject; an example is Samuel Butler's poem Hudibras,", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where did they do some of the early shows after development?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_22b78dc2141741ccb04349e4a1b24207_1_q#9", "question": "Where there any others?", "rewrite": "Besides Tom Stoppards 1974 play, Were there any other examples of drawing on the burlesque tradition?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A 2008 performance at Melbourne's Butterfly Club was described by \"The Age\" as displaying \"A highly developed aesthetic and a sly wit ... super sexy without ever being tawdry, Lola is in a league of her own\" (The Age, September 2008) Lola's influences include the Art Nouveau aesthetics of the Belle Epoque era, Giorgio Agamben's fetishism and the classic striptease of mid-20th century burlesque. She is known for highly referenced sets, ballet-influenced choreography and high production values. (The Happy Stripper, Jackie Willson, 2008) She has also performed at Go Go Burlesco in Sydney. It was one of the first neo-burlesque shows to appear at the Edinburgh Fringe \" The Times\"the five women have some idea about showbiz so the whole thing rattles on with well-rehearsed panache. Exquisitely dressed (and undressed), it does not hurt that the five are all quite ravishing to look at' ( The Times, August 10, 2005), 'Moreover, and this is rare in the realm of modern strip'n'show cabaret , the show tries to capture something of the original burlesque tradition - Lola The Vamp's exotic dance with floaty scarves is one instance' (The Herald, August 27, 2005), 'Lola's feather and fan dances were beautifully erotic' (Hairline Highlights, August 17, 2005). Subsequent major shows include The Big Day Out, Woodford Folk Festival, Valley Fiesta and solo tours of the East Coast of Australia. Lola assisted Pip Branson in the foundation of 34b Burlesque in Sydney in 2005, making regular appearances until its closure in 2012. She was the Australian Penthouse Pet of the Month in November 2007 and supported Nick Cave solo and Grinderman on their Australian performances in 2007.", "Guerrilla burlesque Guerrilla Burlesque has become a part of San Francisco burlesque culture since 2005. \" Guerrilla Burlesque\" occurs when a burlesque act happens spontaneously at a show or when burlesque performers descend upon a show to which they were uninvited, thereby finding their way onto the stage. The term was coined in the summer of 2005 by Cherry Lix, a burlesque solo artist based in San Francisco. The first guerrilla burlesque event was performed with Cherry Lix's suggestion by Diamond Daggers, a San Francisco burlesque troupe, at Jim Sweeney's (Kingfish) 2005 birthday party at the DNA Lounge in San Francisco. The Kingfish is one of the largest burlesque producers in San Francisco. After the troupe was successful with the Kingfish, Daisy Delight suggested that they guerrilla the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence's Easter Picnic in the Park, a yearly event in San Francisco's Dolores Park. Later that fall, four members of Diamond Daggers \"guerrillaed\" on various street corners in the Castro, a popular gay neighborhood in San Francisco. In February 2006, Cherry Lix and Daisy Delight started Twilight Vixen Revue, a new gay burlesque troupe, and they have continued the guerrilla burlesque tradition, most recently descending upon Miz Margo's birthday party at the DNA Lounge in July 2006. This style of burlesque epitomizes the \"Neo-Burlesque\" or \"new burlesque\" style of performance, by taking traditional-styled burlesque performance and aggressively bringing it to unsuspecting, modern crowds.", "One of the most commonly cited examples of high burlesque is Alexander Pope's \"sly, knowing and courtly\" The Rape of the Lock. Low burlesque applied an irreverent, mocking style to a serious subject; an example is Samuel Butler's poem Hudibras, which described the misadventures of a Puritan knight in satiric doggerel verse, using a colloquial idiom. Butler's addition to his comic poem of an ethical subtext made his caricatures into satire. In more recent times, burlesque true to its literary origins is still performed in revues and sketches. Tom Stoppard's 1974 play Travesties is an example of a full-length play drawing on the burlesque tradition.", "According to Erroll Sherson, writing in 1923, the Strand was burlesque's first real nursery and its permanent home. Here graduated Marie Wilton (later Lady Bancroft), Patty Oliver and Edward Terry; each would later maintain the burlesque tradition at the Prince of Wales's, The Royalty, and The Gaiety, respectively. For some years, the Strand's programme began with a short drama, many written by H. T. Craven, including, \"The Postboy\", \"Milky White\", and \"Meg's Diversion\". Then followed a burlesque by H. J. Byron, W. Brough, or F. C. Burnand. Under the Swanboroughs, the theatre enjoyed success, with Ada Swanborough performing in H. J. Byron's burlettas and featuring a cast that included James Thorne, Edward O'Connor Terry, Miss Raynham, Mrs. Raymond, H. J. Turner and Marie Wilton. These began with \"The Lady of Lyons, or Twopenny Pride and Pennytence;\" \"Fra Diavolo Travestie, or The Prince, the Pirate and the Pearl;\" \"The Maid and the Magpie, or The Fatal Spoon\" (an early play to include a dance at the end of a song); and \"The Babes in the Wood and the Good Little Fairy Birds\". The celebrated burlesque on \"Kenilworth\", first performed in 1859 and played over many years, brought the Strand great prosperity.", "This satisfies the requirement that, waste of hospitals and health facilities must be burnt at a minimum temperature of acc. to the rules of environmental protection. It can also be used to dispose of household waste, as a measure of environment protection. An important argument for the mobile incineration is, due to its mobility, it can go to the place of origin of the waste. This behavior makes it unique, and allows it to be used for waste of several cities and/or hospitals at the same time. Fighting against epidemics is a serious issue for authorities responsible for the health of their citizens in every country. In case of an epidemic it is required to dispose the infected hazardous waste of the diseased, hospitals and health facilities as soon as possible. Latest burner and control technology, together with a flue gas cleaning system is the basis of a modern mobile incinerator unit that meets the highest environmental standards. (See section Emissions) Natural gas, diesel or biodiesel (so called green fuel) is usable as fuel for the mobile incinerators. The furnace of a modern mobile incinerator plant consists of a main combustion chamber (primary chamber) and a post combustion chamber (secondary chamber). Charging is carried out mostly from the front of the main combustion chamber through a feed opening system, which is closed by a gate valve. A check valve behind the feed opening prevents direct contact with the combustion chamber. Feeding is automatically controlled by a furnace control system. An automated burner serves for the heating of the combustion chamber subject to the calorific value of the waste charged. The feed opening is released as soon as the necessary flue gas temperature is reached. Two types of design are normally in use; a) an incinerator without grate and b) a rotary-kiln (pyrolysis)."], "answer": {"text": "In more recent times, burlesque true to its literary origins is still performed in revues and sketches.", "answer_start": 444}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the name Burlesque come from?", "answer": {"text": "The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did burlesque come about?", "answer": {"text": "For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France,", "answer_start": 171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's", "answer_start": 427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What started the development of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works.", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the first performance of burlesque?", "answer": {"text": "the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation.", "answer_start": 497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did burlesque stay true to its original development or were there changes?", "answer": {"text": "17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burlesque refers to a burlesque imitation where a literary, elevated manner", "answer_start": 1426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting I should know?", "answer": {"text": "Low burlesque applied an irreverent, mocking style to a serious subject; an example is Samuel Butler's poem Hudibras,", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where did they do some of the early shows after development?", "answer": {"text": "In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among", "answer_start": 627, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any more important dates in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Tom Stoppard's 1974 play Travesties is an example of a full-length play drawing on the burlesque tradition.", "answer_start": 548, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4183a526e1413a99f0f25e0820a72a_1_q#0", "question": "When was the first boy band?", "rewrite": "When was the first boy band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Dallas Boys The Dallas Boys were a five-piece vocal group from Leicester, England who were regular performers on British television in the 1950s and 1960s. They have been described as \"Britain's first boy band\". The group formed in Leicester and comprised four former pupils of Moat Boys School (Joe Smith, Stan Jones, Bob Wragg, and Leon Fisk) and London-born Nicky Clarke. After winning a Butlins talent content, they became a fixture on the TV show \"Six-Five Special\", becoming household names. They went on to be regular performers on \"Oh Boy!\" in the late 1950s. They continued to perform through the 1960s, and appeared on other British TV shows such as \"Val Parnell's Startime\", \"Thank Your Lucky Stars\", \"All That Jazz\", \"Sunday Night at the London Palladium\", \"Comedy Bandbox\", \"Frost on Sunday\", and \"Sez Les\", and on US television on Showtime. They split up in the early 1970s, but reunited in 1988 to perform at fellow \" Oh Boy!\" star Cliff Richard's concert celebrating thirty years in the entertainment business in 1989, and continued to perform around the UK. The group have been described as \"Britain's first boy band\". Joe Smith died in 2012, aged 78.", "Hijack (Thai band)  Hijack () was a Thai boy band famous and popular in the 1990s under RS Promotion. And they are first boy band of RS label. All four members of this band were former dancers who were used as back-up dancers for many singers. Hijack was the first boy band of RS Promotion. The band released two studio albums in 1992 and 1993, and a one-off special album with the Raptor. While promoting the release of their third studio album, band member Phi\u2013Phiraphan seriously injured their foot. Because of this they decided to eventually split up. During their most famous period Hijack had been interviewed by two foreign media companies; NHK of Japan and Singapore MTV. They were compared with Shonentai, the famous Japanese boy band of the same period. In 2017 Hijack has reunion in Por Lor Ruk Lae Kid Tung (\u0e1b\u0e25. \u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07) as part of A-pop Bunterng 34 TV Program on Amarin TV channel Studio albums Compilation albums", "Boyscout (Thai band) Boyscout () was a Thai boy band famous and popular in the 1990s under RS Promotion. All three members of this band were former actors who were played as the students in A-Nueng-Kid-Tung-Por-Sung-Khaeb(). Boyscout was the first boy band form Trio of RS Promotion. And Boyscout was second boy band continue Hijack The band released two studio albums in 1993 and 1995, and a one-off special album. While promoting the release of their third studio album, band member Ta-Winrawee seriously in drugs-criminal. Because of this they decided to eventually split up. After 15 years Boyscout return band again, they famous in entertainment way again, until Joe-Tanut one member of boyscout death with Heart attack in September 11, 2017.", "General Grant Grove General Grant Grove, a section of the greater Kings Canyon National Park, was established by the US Congress in 1890 and is located in Fresno County, California. The primary attraction of General Grant Grove is the giant sequoia trees that populate the grove. General Grant Grove's most well-known tree is the General Grant Tree, which is 267 feet tall and the third largest known tree in the world. The General Grant Tree is over 1,500 years old and is known as the United States's national Christmas Tree. General Grant Grove consists of 154 acres and is geographically isolated from the rest of Kings Canyon National Park. The original inhabitants of what is today General Grant Grove and Kings Canyon National Park were natives of the Shoshonean language group. The Monache, T\u00fcbatulabal, and Yokuts were the primary native groups of the region. In 1846, Hale Tharp, a disenchanted miner who hoped to establish a cattle ranch in the region, became the first white settler to enter the Giant Forest that would later constitute Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Tharp carved a shelter out of a fallen sequoia tree and began to raise cattle. Initially, Native Americans of the region welcomed Tharp, as he helped them hunt and coexisted peacefully among them. Tharp's settlement in the Giant Forest, however, spurred further human interest in the region, and the native population began to contract contagious diseases from incoming white settlers. Tharp claimed that the natives pleaded with him to help them prevent white settlers from entering the valley. When Tharp told them this was impossible, the natives elected to leave the valley. By 1865, within twenty years of Tharp's arrival in the Giant Forest, the natives of the region had moved elsewhere and the Giant Forest was open to timber companies and cattle ranchers.", "In order to gain support for the park, Secretary Ickes commissioned naturalist photographer and Sierra Club member Ansel Adams to photograph the area. Adams' photography convinced Congress to sign into law the bill that established Kings Canyon as a national park, with General Grant Grove being annexed into the park's boundaries. Fusing Kings Canyon with General Grant Grove allowed the National Park Service to strengthen the protection and management of the sequoias in both. After World War II, the National Park Service expanded its function to include a new endeavor: scientific research. The Leopold Report, published by Dr. Starker Leopold in 1963, advocated returning the nations' remaining wilderness to conditions similar to those encountered by the first white settlers of North America. In order to do so, the Leopold Report stressed the need to hire scientists to conduct research and maintain the ecosystems within the park. In Sequoia and Kings Canyon, the effects of the Leopold report were felt immediately. Newly hired scientists conducted studies measuring the human impacts on the Giant Forest, overgrazing by deer, and the danger present to threatened species. By 1971, Kings Canyon had a chief scientist, botanist, and several research assistants on staff conducting research that would both preserve the sequoias and provide academic information for future generations. By 1982, park officials began to focus on the deteriorating quality of accommodations in General Grant Grove. Little improvements had been made to the cabins in Grant Grove in the past half century, and park management hoped improving facilities would increase park attendance. The National Park Service drafted an Environmental Impact Statement detailing their plans to expand accommodations in Grant Grove. The National Park Service outlined two options of action. One involved improving existing facilities and the other included adding ninety-eight additional units for tourists. Eventually, the park elected to construct additional units in Grant Grove and improve accommodations on the existing units."], "answer": {"text": "The earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9d4183a526e1413a99f0f25e0820a72a_1_q#1", "question": "When did they become popular?", "rewrite": "When did boy bands become popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Boyz 4 Now \"Boyz 4 Now\" is the 21st episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode features guest appearances from actors Max Greenfield and Jack McBrayer and comedian Tig Notaro. Its main plot sees Louise Belcher (Kristen Schaal) becoming aghast to find herself developing a crush on a member of the boy band Boyz 4 Now (Greenfield), after she reluctantly attends one of their concerts with her sister Tina (Dan Mintz). In a subplot, Gene Belcher (Eugene Mirman) qualifies for a regional competition in tablescaping, an activity involving the setting of dining tables based on a selected theme. The series' production crew opted to make the group Boyz 4 Now a general parody of boy bands rather than base them on any specific artist, as they all had several different boy bands which \"made them chuckle\" while making the episode. Creator Loren Bouchard assigned several female staff members with the task of designing the physical appearances and wardrobes of Boyz 4 Now's members. The episode originally aired on April 28, 2013 on Fox, drawing an audience of 3.50 million viewers, and was met with generally positive reviews from critics, who commended its main plot for exploring the more vulnerable, feminine side of Louise's character and her sisterly relationship with Tina. Tina and Louise's aunt Gayle (Megan Mullally) has bought them tickets to an upcoming concert by the popular boy band Boyz 4 Now. Tina is excited, but Louise, who dislikes boy bands, only agrees to go at the insistence of her mother Linda (John Roberts). Gene has qualified for a regional tablescaping competition, which Bob (H. Jon Benjamin) and Linda escort him to.", "These new images replaced the previous ones of tough and aggressive Korean men in television commercials, dramas, and on billboards. The Kkonminam phenomenon is prominent in Korean popular culture; it can be seen in fashion, music, photography, advertising, and television. In 2009, a Korean television series called \"Boys over Flowers\" (based on Japanese \"shojo\" manga \"Hana Yori Dango)\" gained popularity in South Korea and across Asia. The plot follows an average high school girl who gets involved in the life of an arrogant rich boy and his friends. In \"Boys over Flowers:\" \"the males have childlike and boyish features in contrast to their strong and muscular bodies. The popularity of the show influenced many South Korean men to take their appearance more seriously. An increasing number of South Korean males began applying cosmetics, wearing preppy and cruise-like outfits and sporting traditionally feminine looks, colors, and prints\". Crystal S. Anderson, a Cultural Studies research scholar at Longwood University, found a variety of ways in which global fans refer to the unique masculinity of male K-pop groups. One respondent wrote: \u201cI am also really curious about flower boys and the varying expressions of masculinity in Korean boy bands.\u201d Another respondent noted: \u201cThe first thing that attracted me when I was young is that Korean artists were exceptionally handsome/beautiful and possessed unique style, both in their music and fashion,\u201d linking appearance to a certain style. Examples of Korean boy bands that exemplify this phenomenon are 2PM, Highlight, and MBLAQ. These bands draw on elements of \"gangster\" and hip-hop themes in their performances. The hybridized aspects help the bands appeal to broader audiences. Analysts note that these boy bands display masculinity of both kawaii and kkonminam elements.", "As the typical \"boy band\" sound was no longer mainstream, they began to transition to more of an adult contemporary, soft-rock and ballad styles of music for the remainder of the decade. By 2002, records by boy bands were very sparse on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and some members of boy bands left to pursue other projects and solo endeavors, such as Jesse McCartney from Dream Street and most successfully Justin Timberlake from 'N Sync, whose foray into Blue-eyed soul R&B/Pop spawned a successful solo career. A new strain of boy bands, such as V Factory, Varsity Fanclub, Click Five, NLT, and the Jonas Brothers, emerged at the end of the decade, but this new generation of boy bands did not reach the glamor and success of those of the 1990s and early 2000s. Girl groups maintained a steady popularity through the 2000s, with groups such as Destiny's Child (which disbanded in 2005) setting the fuel for the most successful girl group of the decade, the Pussycat Dolls (2003\u201310). Other girl groups included Danity Kane (2005\u201309), Dream (2000-03), and Sugababes. Pop rock artist Pink released her debut album \" Can't Take Me Home\" in 2000, including \"Get the Party Started\", and later, her \"I'm Not Dead\" album in which features \"Stupid Girls\" and \"Who Knew\". Her following album, \"Funhouse,\" released in 2008 also included \" So What\" and \"Sober\". Pink's song, \" You Make Me Sick\", which debuted January 6, 2001, reached 33 on the Hot 100 list. \" Family Portrait\" got up to number 20, debuting on November 16, 2002. Alecia Beth Moore (Pink's birth name) was one of the biggest Pop singers of the 2000s.", "in some ways, you couldn't ask for a better guide.\" The eponymous group which \"Boyz 4 Now\" centers around was written as a general parody of boy bands, and not with any particular group in mind. Bouchard explained that the choice of using a non-specific type of parody was not brought about by fears that the episode would become dated, but rather because the staff all had different boy bands that \"made them chuckle.\" He did, however, specifically research the English-Irish boy band One Direction for the episode because he \"wanted to see what the state of the art was\" and \"hadn't been that interested in Boyz II Men or Backstreet Boys or 'N Sync. \" The staff had differing opinions on what Boyz 4 Now's clothes and hair would look like, choices which Bouchard ultimately left to \"some of the many talented women who work on the show who had much stronger feelings about boy bands. \" Actor Max Greenfield guest stars in the episode voicing Boo Boo, a member of Boyz 4 Now whom Louise develops a crush on. Series writers Steven Davis, Kelvin Yu, and Scott Jacobson composed and recorded the song \"Will You Be Mine (Coal Mine)\" for the episode and completed it before its table read, while Greenfield was later asked to record vocals. The \"Bob's Burgers\" writing staff later named it their fourth favorite song from the series. Other guests include stand-up comic Tig Notaro, who voices the band's tour bus driver Jody, and actor Jack McBrayer, who reprises his voice role as Zeke's older cousin Leslie. \"Boyz 4 Now\" first aired in the United States on April 28, 2013 on Fox, as a part of the Animation Domination programming block.", "Ayumi Hamasaki becomes one of the most popular Japanese star of the 2000s, experiencing her biggest peak at this time, becoming known as \"The Empress of Japanese Pop\", and greatly influencing music, fashion and pop culture. Ken Hirai becomes the most popular male solo artist. 1990s divas like Namie Amuro, Misia, and Hikaru Utada also remain extremely popular during this era, with the former having a second popularity boom in 2008. Starlet Kumi Koda also becomes insanely popular in this era, thanks to her fresh dance style and provocative dance moves. Boy bands are the most popular musical format at the moment, with girl bands like Morning Musume (very popular in the past) experiencing a decline in popularity. While Johnny's boy bands, notably Arashi, become very popular, other vocal groups like Exile and Tohoshinki also gained popularity and pop/rock bands like Mr. Children, Tokio and Glay remained popular. Duets also become popular, such as M-Flo. Like all countries, English pop music popularity expands at a very high rate with popular US artist receiving success such as Backstreet Boys and Britney Spears who become the most popular and two of the most successful non-Japanese artists. The Indian music industry was previously dominated by the \"Filmi\" music of Bollywood for much of the late 20th century. The 2000s saw an increasing popularity of independent Indian pop music that could compete with Bollywood film music. Indian pop music began distinguishing itself from mainstream Bollywood music with its fusion of Indian and non-Indian sounds, which later had on influence on Bollywood music itself."], "answer": {"text": "The term boy band was not established until the late 1980s as before that they were called male vocal groups or \"hep harmony singing groups\".", "answer_start": 636}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first boy band?", "answer": {"text": "The earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4183a526e1413a99f0f25e0820a72a_1_q#2", "question": "Who was the first major boy band group?", "rewrite": "Who was the first major boy band group?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Therefore, devices with global regulatory certification usually use BG3 and BG6 since those bands do not have a DAA requirement. However, China did formally extend their DAA enforcement deadline to Dec 31st, 2013 for Bands 1, 2, and 3 and South Korea formally extended their DAA enforcement deadline to Dec 31st, 2016 for Band 3. Burst errors can occur in a single frequency due to RF noise. Therefore, interleaving symbols over three different UWB bands should minimize the total burst length in the message, improving the likelihood of error correction, thus improving the immunity of the signal. There is a slight time penalty for each frequency change because the PLL clocks have to settle at the new frequency. Therefore, the WiMedia PHY Spec organizes the UWB Bands into Band Groups where a single logical channel can be defined that uses all three bands in the band group. Time Frequency Interleaving (TFI) channels spread their data across three frequency bands, while Fixed Frequency Interleaving (FFI) channels stay on a single frequency band during all time slots. The two tables below are pulled directly from the WiMedia PHY Specification, v1.5. The Time Frequency Codes (TFC) define the frequency interleaving sequence for utilizing 1-3 of the bands within a band group. TFCs 1-4 are for TFI channels, TFCs 5-7 are for FFI channels, and TFCs 8-10 are for TFI2 channels, which simply interleave their data across two bands. Note that all TFCs will be in the same band at some time during their sequence. TFC numbering of 1-10 repeats for each band group and these TFC numbers are primarily used by the MAC and PHY layers.", "1999 Mnet Video Music Awards The 1999 Mnet Video Music Awards was the first of the annual music awards in Seoul, South Korea that took place on November 27, 1999, at Little Angels Arts Center. Leading the nominees were the boy-band group H.O.T. and solo artist Lee Seung-hwan with three each, followed by four artists including the new boy-band group g.o.d with three. By the end of the ceremony, boy-band group H.O.T., Lee Seung-hwan and Lee Jung-hyun received the most wins with two awards. The award-giving body began in this year under the name \"Mnet Km Music Festival\" (MKMF). During this time, it was the first and only Korean music video awards ceremony. It consists of 14 categories including the Best International Artist. The grand awards (or \"daesang\") were Best Popular Music Video and Music Video of the Year. Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface. The following artist(s) received two or more wins (excluding the special awards): The following artist(s) received two or more nominations: The following individuals and groups, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers.", "East 17  East 17 are an English pop boy band group consisting of original member Terry Coldwell, Robbie Craig since 2014 and Terry John since 2018. The original line-up also featured John Hendy, Brian Harvey and Tony Mortimer. Other former members include former Union J manager Blair Dreelan. The group achieved 18 top-20 singles and four top-10 albums, and were one of the UK's most popular boy bands during the early to mid-1990s, aided by strong tabloid interest in their 'bad boy' image compared to the 'clean cut' image of rivals Take That. Their style blended pop and hip hop in songs such as \"House of Love\" and \"Let It Rain\". The group have sold over 18 million albums worldwide and according to the British Phonographic Industry (BPI), East 17 has been certified for 1.8 million albums and 2.4 million singles in the UK. Their biggest selling single, \u201cStay Another Day\u201d, was the UK Christmas number one of 1994. The group began in 1991 when Tony Mortimer was promised a record deal with London Records after he presented his own material. The deal was granted under the condition that he form a group, which would be in the format that London Records were looking for. Mortimer later formed East 17 with Brian Harvey, John Hendy, and Terry Coldwell. The group was named East 17 after the postcode of their hometown, Walthamstow. The original roles in the band were soon altered when Brian Harvey, who was intended to be a back-up singer and dancer, was made lead singer due to his vocal talent. Mortimer wrote the vast majority of the group's songs, which often contained rap verses vocalised by him to complement Harvey's more fluid vocals. The group was usually seen as a grittier, more political and hip-hop or rap-aligned group than rival boy band Take", "The government supports the boy band group, which has been featured for four consecutive years (2016-2019) on the CCTV New Year's Gala. The Communist Youth League\u2019s official Weibo account often promotes the group\u2019s activities. On the International Children\u2019s Day in 2015, the Communist Youth League released a video featuring TFBoys singing \u201cWe Are the Heirs of Communism\u201d, the song of the Young Pioneers. They have been selected as a brand ambassador of China's 2020 Chinese Mars Mission. The band is part of the government's efforts to promote its policies among China's youth. Critic Zhu Dake sees the boy band as serving to provide modernized propaganda. The group's musical style is mainly dance-style music with rap elements, often classified as \"bubblegum pop\". Their songs have been noted for having uplifting and positive lyrics, which explores the trials of growing up and teenage love, such as \"Manual of Youth\" and \"Imperfect Kid\". Over the years, the group's music has evolved to include pro-nationalism themes, such as \"Go! Amigo!\" , the song's message is about teamwork and serving the collective communist values. V Chart Awards ERC Chinese Top Ten Awards Top Chinese Music Awards QQ Music Awards CSC Music Awards Fresh Asia Music Chart Award iQiyi All-Star Carnival Weibo Night Awards Mobile Video Festival As one of the most popular boy groups in China, TFboys do not give up their studies. Karry Wang is now a year 2 student in Beijing Film Academy while Jackson Yee studies in The Central Academy of Drama. Roy Wang, has received the offer from Berklee College of Music.", "Michael Tse Michael Tse Tin-wah (born ) is a Hong Kong actor. Michael Tse graduated from TVB's Dance Training Class and worked with TVB as a dancer for five years. He then left TVB and formed a boy band group called \u98a8\u706b\u6d77 (Wind Fire Sea) with Jordan Chan and Jason Chu. Two CDs were then released in 1994 and 1995 accordingly by the boy band group. In 1996's \"Young and Dangerous\"(\u53e4\u60d1\u4ed4), Tse acted as a character called \"Tai Tin Yee\" in the triad genre. The film was a huge success, which led to nine sequels and spinoffs before the series concluded in 2000. The boy band group was dismissed later then. Tse participated Hong Kong's first modern musical \"Snow. Wolf. Lake\" \"(\u96ea\u72fc\u6e56)\" in 1997. In 1998, Tse participated in the TV series \"A Kindred Spirit\" and officially becoming a TVB artist/ television actor. He was featured as the important supporting actor in many TV dramas like \"Detective Investigation Files\" (1999), \"Virtues of Harmony\" (2001\u20132003, 2003\u20132005) and \"Legal Entanglement\" (2002). His breakout role was that of Man King-leung in the TVB drama series \"La Femme Desperado\"(2006), which gained him his popularity with the audience. In 2007, he was cast as the leading role of Ho Yee in the TV series \"Best Bet\". Also in 2007, he participated in the joint partnership production between TVB and Henan TV spinoff of BBC's Strictly Come Dancing (), and was the winner."], "answer": {"text": "The Liverpool quartet known as The Beatles were not only the quintessential rock band,", "answer_start": 993}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first boy band?", "answer": {"text": "The earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "The term boy band was not established until the late 1980s as before that they were called male vocal groups or \"hep harmony singing groups\".", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4183a526e1413a99f0f25e0820a72a_1_q#3", "question": "What were some other early boy bands?", "rewrite": "Besides The Beatles, what were some other early boy bands?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Boyz 4 Now \"Boyz 4 Now\" is the 21st episode of the third season of the American animated comedy series \"Bob's Burgers\". Written by Lizzie and Wendy Molyneux, the episode features guest appearances from actors Max Greenfield and Jack McBrayer and comedian Tig Notaro. Its main plot sees Louise Belcher (Kristen Schaal) becoming aghast to find herself developing a crush on a member of the boy band Boyz 4 Now (Greenfield), after she reluctantly attends one of their concerts with her sister Tina (Dan Mintz). In a subplot, Gene Belcher (Eugene Mirman) qualifies for a regional competition in tablescaping, an activity involving the setting of dining tables based on a selected theme. The series' production crew opted to make the group Boyz 4 Now a general parody of boy bands rather than base them on any specific artist, as they all had several different boy bands which \"made them chuckle\" while making the episode. Creator Loren Bouchard assigned several female staff members with the task of designing the physical appearances and wardrobes of Boyz 4 Now's members. The episode originally aired on April 28, 2013 on Fox, drawing an audience of 3.50 million viewers, and was met with generally positive reviews from critics, who commended its main plot for exploring the more vulnerable, feminine side of Louise's character and her sisterly relationship with Tina. Tina and Louise's aunt Gayle (Megan Mullally) has bought them tickets to an upcoming concert by the popular boy band Boyz 4 Now. Tina is excited, but Louise, who dislikes boy bands, only agrees to go at the insistence of her mother Linda (John Roberts). Gene has qualified for a regional tablescaping competition, which Bob (H. Jon Benjamin) and Linda escort him to.", "in some ways, you couldn't ask for a better guide.\" The eponymous group which \"Boyz 4 Now\" centers around was written as a general parody of boy bands, and not with any particular group in mind. Bouchard explained that the choice of using a non-specific type of parody was not brought about by fears that the episode would become dated, but rather because the staff all had different boy bands that \"made them chuckle.\" He did, however, specifically research the English-Irish boy band One Direction for the episode because he \"wanted to see what the state of the art was\" and \"hadn't been that interested in Boyz II Men or Backstreet Boys or 'N Sync. \" The staff had differing opinions on what Boyz 4 Now's clothes and hair would look like, choices which Bouchard ultimately left to \"some of the many talented women who work on the show who had much stronger feelings about boy bands. \" Actor Max Greenfield guest stars in the episode voicing Boo Boo, a member of Boyz 4 Now whom Louise develops a crush on. Series writers Steven Davis, Kelvin Yu, and Scott Jacobson composed and recorded the song \"Will You Be Mine (Coal Mine)\" for the episode and completed it before its table read, while Greenfield was later asked to record vocals. The \"Bob's Burgers\" writing staff later named it their fourth favorite song from the series. Other guests include stand-up comic Tig Notaro, who voices the band's tour bus driver Jody, and actor Jack McBrayer, who reprises his voice role as Zeke's older cousin Leslie. \"Boyz 4 Now\" first aired in the United States on April 28, 2013 on Fox, as a part of the Animation Domination programming block.", "As the typical \"boy band\" sound was no longer mainstream, they began to transition to more of an adult contemporary, soft-rock and ballad styles of music for the remainder of the decade. By 2002, records by boy bands were very sparse on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and some members of boy bands left to pursue other projects and solo endeavors, such as Jesse McCartney from Dream Street and most successfully Justin Timberlake from 'N Sync, whose foray into Blue-eyed soul R&B/Pop spawned a successful solo career. A new strain of boy bands, such as V Factory, Varsity Fanclub, Click Five, NLT, and the Jonas Brothers, emerged at the end of the decade, but this new generation of boy bands did not reach the glamor and success of those of the 1990s and early 2000s. Girl groups maintained a steady popularity through the 2000s, with groups such as Destiny's Child (which disbanded in 2005) setting the fuel for the most successful girl group of the decade, the Pussycat Dolls (2003\u201310). Other girl groups included Danity Kane (2005\u201309), Dream (2000-03), and Sugababes. Pop rock artist Pink released her debut album \" Can't Take Me Home\" in 2000, including \"Get the Party Started\", and later, her \"I'm Not Dead\" album in which features \"Stupid Girls\" and \"Who Knew\". Her following album, \"Funhouse,\" released in 2008 also included \" So What\" and \"Sober\". Pink's song, \" You Make Me Sick\", which debuted January 6, 2001, reached 33 on the Hot 100 list. \" Family Portrait\" got up to number 20, debuting on November 16, 2002. Alecia Beth Moore (Pink's birth name) was one of the biggest Pop singers of the 2000s.", "The earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets. They were usually a group of males and sang in four-part harmonies. Barbershop quartets were popular into the earlier part of the 20th century. A revival of the male vocal group took place in the late 1940s and 1950s with the use of doo-wop music. Doo-wop bands sang about topics such as love and other themes used in pop music. The earliest traces of boy bands were in the mid-1950s although the term boy band was not used. African American vocal group The Ink Spots was one of the first of what would now be called boy bands. The term boy band was not established until the late 1980s as before that they were called male vocal groups or \"hep harmony singing groups\". Although generally described as a rock band, the highest-selling band in history The Beatles are considered by a number or journalists \"the first\" or \"the original\" boyband, \"before anyone had thought of the term.\" The Liverpool quartet known as The Beatles were not only the quintessential rock band, but many considered John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Star to be the original boy band -- especially in the early 1960s when young girls would scream at the top of their lungs and pass out upon first sight of the \"Fab Four. The Beatles inspired the decision to produce the 1966 television series The Monkees, which spawned the music group of the same name, formed by the four starring actors. The rock and pop band started a career in music after their songs from the TV series released as records resulted successful.", "These new images replaced the previous ones of tough and aggressive Korean men in television commercials, dramas, and on billboards. The Kkonminam phenomenon is prominent in Korean popular culture; it can be seen in fashion, music, photography, advertising, and television. In 2009, a Korean television series called \"Boys over Flowers\" (based on Japanese \"shojo\" manga \"Hana Yori Dango)\" gained popularity in South Korea and across Asia. The plot follows an average high school girl who gets involved in the life of an arrogant rich boy and his friends. In \"Boys over Flowers:\" \"the males have childlike and boyish features in contrast to their strong and muscular bodies. The popularity of the show influenced many South Korean men to take their appearance more seriously. An increasing number of South Korean males began applying cosmetics, wearing preppy and cruise-like outfits and sporting traditionally feminine looks, colors, and prints\". Crystal S. Anderson, a Cultural Studies research scholar at Longwood University, found a variety of ways in which global fans refer to the unique masculinity of male K-pop groups. One respondent wrote: \u201cI am also really curious about flower boys and the varying expressions of masculinity in Korean boy bands.\u201d Another respondent noted: \u201cThe first thing that attracted me when I was young is that Korean artists were exceptionally handsome/beautiful and possessed unique style, both in their music and fashion,\u201d linking appearance to a certain style. Examples of Korean boy bands that exemplify this phenomenon are 2PM, Highlight, and MBLAQ. These bands draw on elements of \"gangster\" and hip-hop themes in their performances. The hybridized aspects help the bands appeal to broader audiences. Analysts note that these boy bands display masculinity of both kawaii and kkonminam elements."], "answer": {"text": "The Monkees, which spawned the music group of the same name, formed by the four starring actors.", "answer_start": 1397}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first boy band?", "answer": {"text": "The earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "The term boy band was not established until the late 1980s as before that they were called male vocal groups or \"hep harmony singing groups\".", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first major boy band group?", "answer": {"text": "The Liverpool quartet known as The Beatles were not only the quintessential rock band,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9d4183a526e1413a99f0f25e0820a72a_1_q#4", "question": "How did the boy band evolve over the years?", "rewrite": "How did the boy band evolve over the years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The album was noted for its intricate guitar work, deeply thoughtful lyrics, and the beginnings of a math-rock/pop song structure, all of which would develop more on further Cursive albums. A little over a year later, in the summer of 1999, the band re-formed when Kasher got divorced and returned to Omaha. With Pedersen gone to law school, Ted Stevens (formerly of Lullaby for the Working Class) joined the band on guitar and vocals. Within a year Cursive recorded and released their third full-length album, \"Domestica\", in 2000. A concept album about the dissolution of a marriage, \"Domestica\" gained Cursive critical success for the first time. While not a straightforward autobiographical account of his marriage, Kasher has acknowledged that it heavily influenced the album, though some of the relationship dynamics \u2013 such as infidelity \u2013 were not autobiographical. Reviewing \"Domestica\", \"Pitchfork\"'s Taylor Clark gave the album an 8.0/10.0, calling Tim Kasher's style as \"the perfect inflection and expression from the far-from-perfect vocal chords, the brains evident behind the guitar brawn\" and that the band's sound had evolved since \"The Storms of Early Summer\", saying that Cursive \"retained their razor edge, creating pulsing, rapidly evolving guitar-based music, yet they're now fueled and guided by the meaning behind the music\". Cursive added Gretta Cohn as a cellist in 2001, as Kasher felt the addition would help the band evolve its sound. They recorded and released 2001's \"Burst and Bloom\" EP on Saddle Creek Records, and split an album with Japanese band Eastern Youth in 2002 called \"8 Teeth to Eat You\" on Better Looking Records.", "In Real Life (band) In Real Life (also known as IRL) is an American boy band composed of Brady Tutton, Chance Perez, Drew Ramos, Sergio Calderon, and Conor Michael Smith, the final five vocalists from the American reality television music competition series \"Boy Band. \" The show premiered June 22, 2017, on ABC. The ten-episode season of the American television music competition series Boy Band began with thirty young male vocalists competing to become a member of the new five-piece boy band. Each week, the boys would rotate into different groups and perform, at the end, the \"architects\" would put either two or three boys up for elimination and through live voting, a boy would be saved by America. At the end of the season, the final five remaining boys would form the boy band and receive a recording contract with Hollywood Records. After a 24-hour voting period the week before, it was announced at the final live show on August 24, 2017 that Tutton, Perez, Ramos, Calderon, and Conor were the winning members, this forming the boy band In Real Life. There, they premiered their debut single, \"Eyes Closed.\" Following their formation, In Real Life performed live on various television programs including \"Total Request Live\" in November 2017, \"Good Morning America\" in December 2017, on \"Live with Kelly and Ryan\". That same year, they released an acoustic version \" Eyes Closed\", along with two Christmas songs- \"Feel This Christmas\", and \"I'll Be Home Christmas. \" In February 2018, they appeared on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live\", and performed on \"Despierta Am\u00e9rica\" that April. In 2018, the band released several singles, starting with \"Tattoo (How 'Bout You)\", which peaked at number 29 on Billboard's Mainstream Top 40 chart for radio play.", "The band also went to an off campus location for band camp, the first time since it was moved on campus by Dr. Milligan. Student members in the band were very excited with the leadership change and off-site band camp, which created a much improved marching band for the 1993 season. A New Era: The Modern Band (1994\u2013Present): In the fall of 1994, the beginning of the marching season brought Dr. Terren Frenz, Sr. to the UC Band as the thirteenth director. Under the baton of Dr. Frenz, several changes helped the UC Band evolve into a much more effective unit. The leadership of the band was transferred from the students of band council, who had been running the band in recent years, to Dr. Frenz. The 1990s were a time of great improvement in the image of the UC Band. New uniforms, provided by the university administration, gave the Band a much-needed face-lift. These new contemporary style uniforms debuted at the Humanitarian Bowl in Boise, Idaho in 1997. This trip marked the first bowl trip for the Bearcats since the Sun Bowl in 1956. However, bowl trips would become almost a regular occurrence at the turn of the century as the football team continued to improve. The year 1999 led to many innovations, including the first appearance of the UC Band at a professional football game in recent history when the Bengals celebrated their last game in Riverfront Stadium. Dr. Frenz would continue this relationship with the Bengals for many years to come. Also in 1999, the band welcomed assistant director Mr. David Martin, who would serve the band for over a decade. The same year, the Bearcat Bands was incorporated as its own independent Department under the Office of Student Life. In the Spring of 2000, the band was finally presented with a new, \"temporary\" facility in Armory Fieldhouse.", "Matuchniak formed the progressive rock band Evolve IV in 2003, and Strevens played in Still (1990s) and The Noun (2000s). Lewis became a producer/engineer of classical music at Naxos Records. Polley dropped out of music entirely, focusing on publishing books on the history of sports, and is a lecturer at Southampton University.", "Between May and June, the band supported Man Overboard on the group's The Heart Attack Tour alongside Transit, and Forever Came Calling. A music video was released for the song \"No Good\" in June. It was directed by Eric Teti. In late July, it was announced the band were recording, and in early August the band finished recording its next release. Knuckle Puck supported Senses Fail on the band's \"Let It Enfold You \" 10th anniversary tour from late August till early October 2014. In early September, the band released a 7\" flexi containing the songs \"Oak Street\" and \"Home Alone\", the former of which was intended for release on the group's next EP. The flexi was released by Bad Timing. On October 16, 2014, \"Bedford Falls\" was available for streaming. On October 23, the \"While I Stay Secluded\" EP was made available for streaming and on October 28, it was released by Bad Timing. The EP had peaked at number 5 on the Heatseekers Albums in the U.S. Guitarist Kevin Maida revealed that the band \"firmly and confidently\" considered the EP the group's best work so far. On October 31, the band released a music video for \"Oak Street\". In November and December, the band supported Modern Baseball on the group's winter tour. In November 2014, the various artists compilation album \"Punk Goes Pop 6\" was released, it featured Knuckle Puck covering The 1975 song \"Chocolate\". On December 22, 2014, Knuckle Puck signed to Rise Records. Maida said that Rise would be \"a bountiful new home\" for the group and would help the band evolve. Throughout January and February 2015 the band supported Neck Deep on the band's The Intercontinental Championships Tour."], "answer": {"text": "Barbershop quartets were popular into the earlier part of the 20th century.", "answer_start": 176}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first boy band?", "answer": {"text": "The earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "The term boy band was not established until the late 1980s as before that they were called male vocal groups or \"hep harmony singing groups\".", "answer_start": 636, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the first major boy band group?", "answer": {"text": "The Liverpool quartet known as The Beatles were not only the quintessential rock band,", "answer_start": 993, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some other early boy bands?", "answer": {"text": "The Monkees, which spawned the music group of the same name, formed by the four starring actors.", "answer_start": 1397, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#0", "question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "rewrite": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River.", "US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.", "The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\".", "Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami  Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board is a made for television documentary that explores medical errors and waste in healthcare. It was broadcast globally on the Discovery Channel in 2012. It references federally-funded studies in the United States and news footage to support the claim that healthcare workers are afraid to speak up when medical errors occur in hospitals. The documentary covers solutions to preventable system failures causing harm. It aired four times on the Discovery Channel commercial-free in North America, Germany, the U.K., France, and other Western European countries including Sweden. It premiered at the National Press Club on April 27, 2012 after a short speech by Captain Sully Sullenberger who was featured in the film. The film was screened at the Texas Health Care Quality Improvement Awards on May 3, 2012. The title \u201cSurfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board\u201d is a registered trademark owned by HCC Corporation. The film uses examples of the high risk industries of auto racing, aviation, and manufacturing to illustrate dramatically improved safety through the application of best practices. It challenges consumers, caregivers, and governance board members to act. News video footage of \u201cThe Miracle on the Hudson\u201d flight of Captain Chesley Sullenberger, who landed US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River saving 155 lives is shown, and Sullenberger describes a framework he used in dealing with the crisis that can be applied to healthcare. One example explains that the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville brought in a NASCAR pit crew chief to examine their operating room turnover and received \"great suggestions\" according to the Bob Brigham, COO at Mayo Clinic in Florida. \"Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami\" includes appearances with actor and patient safety advocate Dennis Quaid who shares how his twins accidentally twice received 1,000 times the dosage of a dangerous blood thinner called Heparin.", "Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958\u20132012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. The \"New York Times\" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger\u2014the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers and crew\u2014discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story. Clint Eastwood directed a 2016 film adaptation called \"Sully\" that received positive reviews from critics."], "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he live when he was appointed?", "rewrite": "Where did Chesley Sullenberger live when he was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.", "Linda Garcia Cubero Captain Linda Garcia Cubero (born 1958) is a former United States Air Force officer, of Mexican-American-Puerto Rican descent who in 1980 was a member of the first class of women to graduate from the United States Air Force Academy. She is the first Hispanic woman to graduate from any service academy. Cubero's father was a United States Air Force officer of Mexican-American descent and her mother of Puerto Rican ancestry. Her father was a very influential factor in her life and she decided to follow in his footsteps and apply for admission to the United States Air Force Academy. Despite the fact that she ranked 25/485 students in her high school class and that she was a member of the National Honor Society, her guidance counselors told her that she \u201cwasn\u2019t good enough\u201d to make it into the USAFA. The United States Air Force Academy, located immediately north of Colorado Springs in El Paso County, Colorado, United States, is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers for the United States Air Force. Graduates of the four-year program receive a Bachelor of Science degree and most are commissioned as second lieutenants in the United States Air Force. On October 7, 1975, President Gerald R. Ford signed legislation permitting women to enter the United States service academies. On June 26, 1976, Cubero was among 157 women that entered the Air Force Academy with the Class of 1980. In 1980, Cubero made history when she became a member of the first class of women to graduate from the United States Air Force Academy. There she earned her BS degree in Political Science and her free-fall parachute wings. Upon her graduation she was commissioned a Second Lieutenant. Cubero spent the next seven years in the Air Force serving as a command briefer, and on national-level task forces at The Pentagon.", "Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River.", "The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\".", "2003 United States Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal The Air Force Academy sexual assault scandal in 2003 involved allegations of sexual assault at the United States Air Force Academy, as well as allegations that the alleged incidents had been ignored by the Academy's leadership. President Gerald R. Ford signed legislation 7 October 1975 permitting women to enter the military academies; the United States Air Force Academy began admitting female officer cadets for the first time on 28 June 1976. The first class with women graduated in May 1980, and were nicknamed \"80s Ladies\". Concerns with sexual assault, hazing of male cadets, and the disciplinary process during the 1990-2000 period were detailed in a 2010 book by a former cadet. The scandal began with an anonymous e-mail on 2 January 2003 to the secretary of the Air Force, the chief of staff of the Air Force, Senator Wayne Allard, Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbell, other U.S. congressmen, and media representatives. The e-mail asserted there was a significant sexual assault problem at the United States Air Force Academy that had been ignored by the Academy's leadership. The secretary immediately directed the general counsel of the U.S. Air Force (SAF/GC) to establish a high-level working group to review cadet complaints concerning the Academy's program of deterrence and response to sexual assault. The Secretary also asked the working group to review allegations of sexual assault reported from January 1993 through December 2002. The Secretary subsequently directed the Air Force's inspector general to review individual U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) cases and to investigate cadet complaints concerning the alleged mishandling of sexual assault cases. In due course these investigations were carried out and a report issued on 14 September 2004. Twelve percent of the women who graduated from the Air Force Academy in 2003 reported that they were victims of rape or attempted rape while at the Academy."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#2", "question": "How long was he involved in military services?", "rewrite": "How long was Chesley Sullenberger involved in military services?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River.", "Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami  Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board is a made for television documentary that explores medical errors and waste in healthcare. It was broadcast globally on the Discovery Channel in 2012. It references federally-funded studies in the United States and news footage to support the claim that healthcare workers are afraid to speak up when medical errors occur in hospitals. The documentary covers solutions to preventable system failures causing harm. It aired four times on the Discovery Channel commercial-free in North America, Germany, the U.K., France, and other Western European countries including Sweden. It premiered at the National Press Club on April 27, 2012 after a short speech by Captain Sully Sullenberger who was featured in the film. The film was screened at the Texas Health Care Quality Improvement Awards on May 3, 2012. The title \u201cSurfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board\u201d is a registered trademark owned by HCC Corporation. The film uses examples of the high risk industries of auto racing, aviation, and manufacturing to illustrate dramatically improved safety through the application of best practices. It challenges consumers, caregivers, and governance board members to act. News video footage of \u201cThe Miracle on the Hudson\u201d flight of Captain Chesley Sullenberger, who landed US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River saving 155 lives is shown, and Sullenberger describes a framework he used in dealing with the crisis that can be applied to healthcare. One example explains that the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville brought in a NASCAR pit crew chief to examine their operating room turnover and received \"great suggestions\" according to the Bob Brigham, COO at Mayo Clinic in Florida. \"Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami\" includes appearances with actor and patient safety advocate Dennis Quaid who shares how his twins accidentally twice received 1,000 times the dosage of a dangerous blood thinner called Heparin.", "The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\".", "Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958\u20132012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. The \"New York Times\" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger\u2014the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers and crew\u2014discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story. Clint Eastwood directed a 2016 film adaptation called \"Sully\" that received positive reviews from critics.", "US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety."], "answer": {"text": "He advanced to become a flight leader and a training officer, and attained the rank of captain, with experience in Europe, the Pacific, and at Nellis Air Force Base,", "answer_start": 1280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live when he was appointed?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#3", "question": "Did he advance to any other rankings?", "rewrite": "Did  Chesley Sullenberger advance to any other rankings other than captain?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958\u20132012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. The \"New York Times\" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger\u2014the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers and crew\u2014discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story. Clint Eastwood directed a 2016 film adaptation called \"Sully\" that received positive reviews from critics.", "Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River.", "US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.", "The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\".", "Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami  Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board is a made for television documentary that explores medical errors and waste in healthcare. It was broadcast globally on the Discovery Channel in 2012. It references federally-funded studies in the United States and news footage to support the claim that healthcare workers are afraid to speak up when medical errors occur in hospitals. The documentary covers solutions to preventable system failures causing harm. It aired four times on the Discovery Channel commercial-free in North America, Germany, the U.K., France, and other Western European countries including Sweden. It premiered at the National Press Club on April 27, 2012 after a short speech by Captain Sully Sullenberger who was featured in the film. The film was screened at the Texas Health Care Quality Improvement Awards on May 3, 2012. The title \u201cSurfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board\u201d is a registered trademark owned by HCC Corporation. The film uses examples of the high risk industries of auto racing, aviation, and manufacturing to illustrate dramatically improved safety through the application of best practices. It challenges consumers, caregivers, and governance board members to act. News video footage of \u201cThe Miracle on the Hudson\u201d flight of Captain Chesley Sullenberger, who landed US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River saving 155 lives is shown, and Sullenberger describes a framework he used in dealing with the crisis that can be applied to healthcare. One example explains that the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville brought in a NASCAR pit crew chief to examine their operating room turnover and received \"great suggestions\" according to the Bob Brigham, COO at Mayo Clinic in Florida. \"Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami\" includes appearances with actor and patient safety advocate Dennis Quaid who shares how his twins accidentally twice received 1,000 times the dosage of a dangerous blood thinner called Heparin."], "answer": {"text": "operating as Blue Force Mission Commander in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1457}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live when he was appointed?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he involved in military services?", "answer": {"text": "He advanced to become a flight leader and a training officer, and attained the rank of captain, with experience in Europe, the Pacific, and at Nellis Air Force Base,", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#4", "question": "When did he operate as Blue Force Mission Commander?", "rewrite": "When did  Chesley Sullenberger operate as Blue Force Mission Commander?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\".", "US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.", "Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River.", "Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958\u20132012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. The \"New York Times\" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger\u2014the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers and crew\u2014discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story. Clint Eastwood directed a 2016 film adaptation called \"Sully\" that received positive reviews from critics.", "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969. He was selected along with around a dozen other freshmen for a cadet glider program, and by the end of that year, he was an instructor pilot. In the year of his graduation, 1973, he received the Outstanding Cadet in Airmanship award, as the class \"top flyer\". Following graduation with a Bachelor of Science and his commissioning as an officer, the Air Force immediately sent Sullenberger to Purdue University to pursue a master's degree prior to entering Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT). Following completion of his graduate degree at Purdue, he was assigned to UPT at Columbus AFB, Mississippi, flying the T-37 Tweet and T-38 Talon. After earning his wings in 1975 as a USAF Pilot, he completed replacement training in the F-4 Phantom II at Luke AFB, Arizona. This was followed by his assignment to the 493d Tactical Fighter Squadron of 48th Tactical Fighter Wing at RAF Lakenheath, United Kingdom, where he flew as a United States Air Force fighter pilot in the F-4D Phantom II. Following his assignment at RAF Lakenheath, he was reassigned to the 428th Tactical Fighter Squadron of the 474th Tactical Fighter Wing at Nellis AFB, Nevada, again flying the F-4D. He advanced to become a flight leader and a training officer, and attained the rank of captain, with experience in Europe, the Pacific, and at Nellis Air Force Base, as well as operating as Blue Force Mission Commander in Red Flag Exercises. While in the Air Force, he was a member of an aircraft accident investigation board."], "answer": {"text": "in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1499}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live when he was appointed?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he involved in military services?", "answer": {"text": "He advanced to become a flight leader and a training officer, and attained the rank of captain, with experience in Europe, the Pacific, and at Nellis Air Force Base,", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he advance to any other rankings?", "answer": {"text": "operating as Blue Force Mission Commander in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1457, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#5", "question": "Did he accomplish anything else while in the Military?", "rewrite": "Did  Chesley Sullenberger accomplish anything else besides captain while in the Military?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.", "Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River.", "Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958\u20132012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. The \"New York Times\" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger\u2014the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers and crew\u2014discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story. Clint Eastwood directed a 2016 film adaptation called \"Sully\" that received positive reviews from critics.", "Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami  Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board is a made for television documentary that explores medical errors and waste in healthcare. It was broadcast globally on the Discovery Channel in 2012. It references federally-funded studies in the United States and news footage to support the claim that healthcare workers are afraid to speak up when medical errors occur in hospitals. The documentary covers solutions to preventable system failures causing harm. It aired four times on the Discovery Channel commercial-free in North America, Germany, the U.K., France, and other Western European countries including Sweden. It premiered at the National Press Club on April 27, 2012 after a short speech by Captain Sully Sullenberger who was featured in the film. The film was screened at the Texas Health Care Quality Improvement Awards on May 3, 2012. The title \u201cSurfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board\u201d is a registered trademark owned by HCC Corporation. The film uses examples of the high risk industries of auto racing, aviation, and manufacturing to illustrate dramatically improved safety through the application of best practices. It challenges consumers, caregivers, and governance board members to act. News video footage of \u201cThe Miracle on the Hudson\u201d flight of Captain Chesley Sullenberger, who landed US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River saving 155 lives is shown, and Sullenberger describes a framework he used in dealing with the crisis that can be applied to healthcare. One example explains that the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville brought in a NASCAR pit crew chief to examine their operating room turnover and received \"great suggestions\" according to the Bob Brigham, COO at Mayo Clinic in Florida. \"Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami\" includes appearances with actor and patient safety advocate Dennis Quaid who shares how his twins accidentally twice received 1,000 times the dosage of a dangerous blood thinner called Heparin.", "The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\"."], "answer": {"text": "While in the Air Force, he was a member of an aircraft accident investigation board.", "answer_start": 1522}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live when he was appointed?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he involved in military services?", "answer": {"text": "He advanced to become a flight leader and a training officer, and attained the rank of captain, with experience in Europe, the Pacific, and at Nellis Air Force Base,", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he advance to any other rankings?", "answer": {"text": "operating as Blue Force Mission Commander in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1457, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he operate as Blue Force Mission Commander?", "answer": {"text": "in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1499, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#6", "question": "When did he become a member of an aircraft accident investigation?", "rewrite": "When did  Chesley Sullenberger become a member of an aircraft accident investigation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (Switzerland) Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB, , BFU; , BEAA; , UIIA) was the Swiss bureau of aircraft accident investigation. In 2011, it was replaced by the Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board. The Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau was established by the Swiss parliament. Operations began in 1960. The bureau was headquartered on the grounds of Payerne Airport and in Payerne. Normally the original aircraft accident reports were written in the language of the Swiss region where the aircraft accident occurred. Some reports had English versions available. The agency was disestablished on 1 November 2011 when it and the Investigation Bureau for Railway, Funicular and Boat Accidents merged to form the Swiss Accident Investigation Board.", "The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\".", "As part of the report Chippindale was described as having a poor grasp of the flying involved in jet airline operation, as he (and the New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority - CAA in general) was typically involved in investigating simple light aircraft crashes. Chippindale's investigation techniques were revealed as lacking in rigour, which allowed errors and avoidable gaps in knowledge to appear in reports. Consequently, Chippindale entirely missed the importance of the flight plan change and the rare meteorological conditions of Antarctica. When the Office was abolished in 1990, he was appointed Acting Chief Executive Officer and Chief Inspector of Air Accidents in the Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC), which replaced the Office of Air Accidents Investigation. In 1992, when a Chief Executive was appointed, Chippindale became the Chief Inspector of Accidents with the TAIC, an appointment he retained until his retirement on 31 October 1998. He was a member of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) teams, which investigated the Mozambican Tupolev Tu-134 air disaster in South Africa in which the President of Mozambique lost his life, and the shooting down of three civil aircraft: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 over Russia and two United Nations (UN) L-130 aircraft in Angola. Chippindale represented New Zealand at Accident Investigation Group meetings of ICAO and drafted the ICAO circular on the provision of \"Family Assistance\" after an aircraft accident. He was also the New Zealand Councillor to the International Society of Air Accident Investigators and a transport accident investigation consultant. In 1990, Chippindale received the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In 2004, he was awarded the Jerome F Lederer award for outstanding lifetime contributions in the field of aircraft accident investigation and prevention and achievement of the International Society of Air Safety Investigators' Objectives and technical excellence.", "US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.", "Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River."], "answer": {"text": "While in the Air Force,", "answer_start": 1522}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live when he was appointed?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he involved in military services?", "answer": {"text": "He advanced to become a flight leader and a training officer, and attained the rank of captain, with experience in Europe, the Pacific, and at Nellis Air Force Base,", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he advance to any other rankings?", "answer": {"text": "operating as Blue Force Mission Commander in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1457, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he operate as Blue Force Mission Commander?", "answer": {"text": "in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he accomplish anything else while in the Military?", "answer": {"text": "While in the Air Force, he was a member of an aircraft accident investigation board.", "answer_start": 1522, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d59714f9d159469bb8f522196874a2e0_1_q#7", "question": "Is he still in the military?", "rewrite": "Is  Chesley Sullenberger still in the military?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Dougherty Valley Athletic Department offers several sports, including cross country, football, golf, tennis, water polo, volleyball, cheerleading, basketball, soccer, wrestling, baseball, lacrosse, softball, swimming, diving, badminton, and track and field. Most of the sports have separate men's and women's teams, and golf and tennis for men occur in a later season than for women. Current coaches include former Major League Baseball player Darren Lewis for the varsity baseball team. The school was part of the East Bay Athletic League (EBAL) for its first year, but has since moved to the Diablo Foothill Athletic League (DFAL). Dougherty's main rival is considered to be Dublin High School, due to the close proximity of the two schools and past controversy between the schools' respective coaches. In 2016, Dougherty returned as a member of the East Bay Athletic League. \"The Wildcat Tribune\" is Dougherty's official student newspaper. Published every three weeks in print and updated regularly online features sections on news, editorials, opinions, features, entertainment, and sports. The \"Tribune\" was the first print publication to interview Chesley Sullenberger after the pilot's emergency water landing of US Airways Flight 1549, in a February 2009 special edition of the \"Tribune\" with an article titled \"Heroism & Humility on the Hudson. \" Sullenberger and his wife, both residents of San Ramon, decided with CBS to grant his first interview to a student journalist, and Dougherty was attended by one of their daughters. Sullenberger met with the principal and Jega Sanmugam prior to the interview, and all preparation was done in secrecy. Sanmugam conducted the interview at Sullenberger's home hours before Katie Couric interviewed Sullenberger for \"60 Minutes\".", "Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters is a memoir written by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow (1958\u20132012) describing the events of US Airways Flight 1549. The \"New York Times\" bestselling autobiography of Capt. Chesley \u201cSully\u201d Sullenberger\u2014the pilot who landed a crippled airplane in New York's Hudson River, saving the lives of the 155 passengers and crew\u2014discusses leadership, responsibility, and service, along with his life story. Clint Eastwood directed a 2016 film adaptation called \"Sully\" that received positive reviews from critics.", "Sully (film)  Sully (also known as Sully: Miracle on the Hudson) is a 2016 American biographical drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Todd Komarnicki, based on the autobiography \"\" by Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Zaslow. Tom Hanks stars as Sullenberger, with Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney, Anna Gunn, Autumn Reeser, Holt McCallany, Jamey Sheridan, and Jerry Ferrara in supporting roles. The film follows Sullenberger's January 2009 emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River, in which all 155 passengers and crew survived with only minor injuries, and the subsequent publicity and investigation. \"Sully\" premiered at the 43rd Annual Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2016, and was released in the United States by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016, in conventional and IMAX theaters. The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed over $240 million worldwide, but created controversy with its fictionalized portrayal of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) as \"prosecutorial and closed-minded. \" The American Film Institute and National Board of Review both selected it as one of their ten best films of 2016, and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Sound Editing at the 89th Academy Awards. On January 15, 2009, US Airways pilots Captain Chesley \"Sully\" Sullenberger and First Officer Jeff Skiles board US Airways Flight 1549 from LaGuardia Airport to Charlotte Douglas International Airport. Three minutes into the flight, at an approximate altitude of 2,800 feet (approx. 850 m), the Airbus A320 strikes a flock of birds, disabling both engines. Without engine power and judging themselves unable to reach nearby airports (Teterboro Airport being the closest), Sully ditches the aircraft on the Hudson River.", "US Airways Flight 1549 US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats, and there were few serious injuries. The accident came to be known as the \"Miracle on the Hudson\", and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as \"the most successful ditching in aviation history\". The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport. The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their \"heroic and unique aviation achievement\". On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549 with call sign ' CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle\u2013Tacoma International Airport. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines. The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.", "Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami  Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board is a made for television documentary that explores medical errors and waste in healthcare. It was broadcast globally on the Discovery Channel in 2012. It references federally-funded studies in the United States and news footage to support the claim that healthcare workers are afraid to speak up when medical errors occur in hospitals. The documentary covers solutions to preventable system failures causing harm. It aired four times on the Discovery Channel commercial-free in North America, Germany, the U.K., France, and other Western European countries including Sweden. It premiered at the National Press Club on April 27, 2012 after a short speech by Captain Sully Sullenberger who was featured in the film. The film was screened at the Texas Health Care Quality Improvement Awards on May 3, 2012. The title \u201cSurfing the Healthcare Tsunami: Bring Your Best Board\u201d is a registered trademark owned by HCC Corporation. The film uses examples of the high risk industries of auto racing, aviation, and manufacturing to illustrate dramatically improved safety through the application of best practices. It challenges consumers, caregivers, and governance board members to act. News video footage of \u201cThe Miracle on the Hudson\u201d flight of Captain Chesley Sullenberger, who landed US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River saving 155 lives is shown, and Sullenberger describes a framework he used in dealing with the crisis that can be applied to healthcare. One example explains that the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville brought in a NASCAR pit crew chief to examine their operating room turnover and received \"great suggestions\" according to the Bob Brigham, COO at Mayo Clinic in Florida. \"Surfing the Healthcare Tsunami\" includes appearances with actor and patient safety advocate Dennis Quaid who shares how his twins accidentally twice received 1,000 times the dosage of a dangerous blood thinner called Heparin."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Chesley Sullenberger get involved with military services?", "answer": {"text": "Sullenberger was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy, entering with the Class of 1973 in June 1969.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live when he was appointed?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was he involved in military services?", "answer": {"text": "He advanced to become a flight leader and a training officer, and attained the rank of captain, with experience in Europe, the Pacific, and at Nellis Air Force Base,", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he advance to any other rankings?", "answer": {"text": "operating as Blue Force Mission Commander in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1457, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he operate as Blue Force Mission Commander?", "answer": {"text": "in Red Flag Exercises.", "answer_start": 1499, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he accomplish anything else while in the Military?", "answer": {"text": "While in the Air Force, he was a member of an aircraft accident investigation board.", "answer_start": 1522, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he become a member of an aircraft accident investigation?", "answer": {"text": "While in the Air Force,", "answer_start": 1522, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#0", "question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "rewrite": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William H. Seward House The William H. Seward House Museum, is a circa 1816 historic home located at 33 South Street between Lincoln and William Streets in Auburn, New York, that was once the home of William H. Seward, who served as a New York state senator, the governor of New York, a U.S. senator, a presidential candidate, and then Secretary of State under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The house was originally built in 1816 by Judge Elijah Miller, Seward's father-in-law. The home was substantially modified by the Sewards in 1840 and again 1866 to accommodate the diplomatic entertainments expected of his offices. The original 10-room brick house was expanded to over 30 rooms, and was occupied by blood relatives until 1951. Among other notable accomplishments, Seward negotiated the 1867 purchase from Russia of Alaska, which became known as \"Seward's Folly\". Although he spent many years in Albany and Washington, D.C., he called this house his home from the time of his marriage in 1824 until his death. The entire house remains furnished with extensive Seward-family collections. Notes", "Frederick W. Seward Frederick William Seward (July 8, 1830 \u2013 April 25, 1915) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party who twice served as the Assistant Secretary of State. The son of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, he served as Assistant Secretary from 1861 to 1869 under both Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and then from 1877 to 1879 in the administration of Rutherford B. Hayes. Seward was born in Auburn, New York on July 8, 1830. He was the son of Frances Adeline (n\u00e9e Miller) Seward and William H. Seward, who shortly after his birth became a New York State Senator (and later the 12th Governor of New York, a U.S. Senator and the 24th United States Secretary of State). Frederick was the younger brother of Augustus Henry Seward and the elder brother of General William H. Seward Jr. and Fanny Seward. His maternal grandfather was Judge Elijah Miller and his paternal grandfather was Judge Samuel S. Seward, who was also a physician and member of the New York State Assembly. From 1839 to 1840, while his father was Governor of New York State, Frederick attended the Pearl Street Academy in Albany, New York. He graduated from Union College in 1849, and studied law with Henry E. Davies and William Kent. In 1851, he was admitted to the bar in Rochester, New York. In 1878, Union awarded him an honorary LL.D. degree. After graduating from college, Seward served as a secretary to his father from 1849 to 1857, and served as associate editor of the \"Albany Evening Journal\" from 1851 to 1861. On February 21, 1861, Seward arrived at the Continental Hotel in Philadelphia carrying a letter from his father for President-elect Lincoln. The letter contained information gathered by Colonel Charles Pomeroy Stone and General Winfield Scott.", "William H. Bell (fl. 1860s) William H. Bell was an African-American servant of William Seward, who is best known for being the servant who greeted William Seward's assassin the night of April 14, 1865, and for giving testimony against Lewis Powell during the Abraham Lincoln military tribunal. William H. Bell was born sometime around 1845. Bell worked as a waiter at the time of the assalt. He later went on to practice law. William H. Bell was an African American man likely born a slave around 1845. He did not know his actual age. He estimated himself to be 19\u201321 years old at the time of the military tribunal that followed the Lincoln assassination. At the trial he was noted to be racially a mulatto. At sometime in his early life, he received four or five years of education. If born a slave, it is unknown how he received his freedom; however, it is known that he was not freed by the Washington D.C. Emancipation Act as no Emancipation Petition was filed. As he grew older, he eventually became a servant in William Seward's Washington home and served for only nine months prior to the attack. On the night of April 14, 1865, William H. Bell answered the door to Lewis Powell. Powell told Bell that he needed to bring Seward some medicine from Dr. Tullio Verdi, (Seward's doctor) to help him recover from a previous carriage accident. After a long conversation, Powell insisted that only he could bring the medicine to Seward and would not tell Bell why. Bell refused admission so Powell pushed past Bell and tried to go directly to Seward's room upstairs. However, Bell then ran ahead of Powell as they climbed the stairs to Seward's bedroom. He asked Powell to walk more quietly up the stairs in his boots.", "Augustus Henry Seward Augustus Henry Seward (October 1, 1826 \u2013 September 11, 1876) was the son of William H. Seward and Frances Adeline Seward. He was a career officer in the United States Army, and attained the rank of brevet Colonel. Augustus H. Seward was born in Auburn, New York, on October 1, 1826, and was the first child of William H. Seward and his wife Frances Miller. In addition to being the son of William H. and Frances Seward, Augustus Seward was the grandson of Judges Elijah Miller and Samuel S. Seward, and the brother of Frederick W. Seward, Cornelia Seward, William H. Seward Jr. and Frances Adeline \"Fanny\" Seward. In 1847, Seward graduated from the United States Military Academy, ranked 34th of 38 students. While at West Point his roommates included Henry Heth, who ranked 38th. After graduation, Seward was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 8th Infantry Regiment, and he served with his regiment in Mexico during the Mexican\u2013American War. After the war Augustus Seward continued his military career, serving with the 5th Infantry in: East Pascagoula, Mississippi; Forts Towson and Washita in Indian Territory; on the Utah Expedition; and at Forts Defiance and Union in New Mexico Territory. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1853 and Captain in 1859. In 1861 Augustus Seward transferred to the Paymaster Corps and was promoted to Major. Later that year he declined an appointment in the 19th Infantry. During the American Civil War he carried out paymaster and staff duties in New Mexico Territory, Arizona Territory and Washington, D.C. He received brevet promotions to Lieutenant Colonel in May, 1865 and Colonel in November, 1865 in recognition of his Civil War service.", "Sites and works regarding William H. Seward  United States Secretary of State William H. Seward has a number of memorials to him, and several locations are preserved that are associated with him. He also wrote a number of works. Seward and his family owned a home in Auburn, New York which is now a museum; it was built in 1816 by Seward's father-in-law, Judge Elijah Miller. Seward married the Judge's daughter, Frances, in 1824 on the condition that they would live with Miller in his Auburn home. Seward made many changes to the home, adding an addition in the late 1840s and another one in 1866. When he died, Seward left the home to his son, William Seward, Jr.; it passed on to his grandson, William Henry Seward III, in 1920. At his death in 1951, it became a museum that opened to the public in 1955. Four generations of the family's artifacts are contained within the museum, located at 33 South Street in Auburn. Seward's birthplace in Florida , New York was bought by the village in 2010, with the purpose of refurbishing it. The property actually contains two houses: one in back\u2014Seward's actual birthplace\u2014which was converted into a barn; and one in front, built in the 1890s, used by the family that lived there for many years. The property is expected to be turned into a museum and opened to the public by 2013. A statue of Seward is located in Seward Park in Auburn, a bronze sculpture by artist Randolph Rogers in Madison Square in New York City, a statue on the grounds of the Z. J. Loussac Public Library in Anchorage, Alaska, and a bronze statue in Volunteer Park in Seattle."], "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#1", "question": "How did he make sure they didn't interfere?", "rewrite": "How did William H. Seward make sure foreign powers didn't interfere?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sites and works regarding William H. Seward  United States Secretary of State William H. Seward has a number of memorials to him, and several locations are preserved that are associated with him. He also wrote a number of works. Seward and his family owned a home in Auburn, New York which is now a museum; it was built in 1816 by Seward's father-in-law, Judge Elijah Miller. Seward married the Judge's daughter, Frances, in 1824 on the condition that they would live with Miller in his Auburn home. Seward made many changes to the home, adding an addition in the late 1840s and another one in 1866. When he died, Seward left the home to his son, William Seward, Jr.; it passed on to his grandson, William Henry Seward III, in 1920. At his death in 1951, it became a museum that opened to the public in 1955. Four generations of the family's artifacts are contained within the museum, located at 33 South Street in Auburn. Seward's birthplace in Florida , New York was bought by the village in 2010, with the purpose of refurbishing it. The property actually contains two houses: one in back\u2014Seward's actual birthplace\u2014which was converted into a barn; and one in front, built in the 1890s, used by the family that lived there for many years. The property is expected to be turned into a museum and opened to the public by 2013. A statue of Seward is located in Seward Park in Auburn, a bronze sculpture by artist Randolph Rogers in Madison Square in New York City, a statue on the grounds of the Z. J. Loussac Public Library in Anchorage, Alaska, and a bronze statue in Volunteer Park in Seattle.", "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict. When in April 1861, the Confederacy announced that it would authorize privateers, Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856, outlawing such vessels, but Britain required that, if the U.S. were to become a party, the ratification would not require action to be taken against Confederate vessels. The Palmerston government considered recognizing the Confederacy as an independent nation. Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London, Charles Francis Adams, to read to the Foreign Secretary, Lord Russell. Seward submitted it to Lincoln, who, realizing that the Union was in no position to battle both the South and Britain, toned it down considerably, and made it merely a memorandum for Adams's guidance. In May 1861, Britain and France declared the South to be belligerents by international law, and their ships were entitled to the same rights as U.S.-flagged vessels to remain 24 hours in neutral ports. Nevertheless, Seward was pleased that both nations would not meet with Confederate commissioners or recognize the South as a nation. Britain did not challenge the Union blockade of Confederate ports, and Seward wrote that if Britain continued to avoid interfering in the war, he would not be overly sensitive to what wording they used to describe their policies. In November 1861, the USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail ship RMS Trent and removed two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell. They were held in Boston amid jubilation in the North and outrage in Britain.", "Frederick W. Seward Frederick William Seward (July 8, 1830 \u2013 April 25, 1915) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party who twice served as the Assistant Secretary of State. The son of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, he served as Assistant Secretary from 1861 to 1869 under both Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and then from 1877 to 1879 in the administration of Rutherford B. Hayes. Seward was born in Auburn, New York on July 8, 1830. He was the son of Frances Adeline (n\u00e9e Miller) Seward and William H. Seward, who shortly after his birth became a New York State Senator (and later the 12th Governor of New York, a U.S. Senator and the 24th United States Secretary of State). Frederick was the younger brother of Augustus Henry Seward and the elder brother of General William H. Seward Jr. and Fanny Seward. His maternal grandfather was Judge Elijah Miller and his paternal grandfather was Judge Samuel S. Seward, who was also a physician and member of the New York State Assembly. From 1839 to 1840, while his father was Governor of New York State, Frederick attended the Pearl Street Academy in Albany, New York. He graduated from Union College in 1849, and studied law with Henry E. Davies and William Kent. In 1851, he was admitted to the bar in Rochester, New York. In 1878, Union awarded him an honorary LL.D. degree. After graduating from college, Seward served as a secretary to his father from 1849 to 1857, and served as associate editor of the \"Albany Evening Journal\" from 1851 to 1861. On February 21, 1861, Seward arrived at the Continental Hotel in Philadelphia carrying a letter from his father for President-elect Lincoln. The letter contained information gathered by Colonel Charles Pomeroy Stone and General Winfield Scott.", "Augustus Henry Seward Augustus Henry Seward (October 1, 1826 \u2013 September 11, 1876) was the son of William H. Seward and Frances Adeline Seward. He was a career officer in the United States Army, and attained the rank of brevet Colonel. Augustus H. Seward was born in Auburn, New York, on October 1, 1826, and was the first child of William H. Seward and his wife Frances Miller. In addition to being the son of William H. and Frances Seward, Augustus Seward was the grandson of Judges Elijah Miller and Samuel S. Seward, and the brother of Frederick W. Seward, Cornelia Seward, William H. Seward Jr. and Frances Adeline \"Fanny\" Seward. In 1847, Seward graduated from the United States Military Academy, ranked 34th of 38 students. While at West Point his roommates included Henry Heth, who ranked 38th. After graduation, Seward was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 8th Infantry Regiment, and he served with his regiment in Mexico during the Mexican\u2013American War. After the war Augustus Seward continued his military career, serving with the 5th Infantry in: East Pascagoula, Mississippi; Forts Towson and Washita in Indian Territory; on the Utah Expedition; and at Forts Defiance and Union in New Mexico Territory. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1853 and Captain in 1859. In 1861 Augustus Seward transferred to the Paymaster Corps and was promoted to Major. Later that year he declined an appointment in the 19th Infantry. During the American Civil War he carried out paymaster and staff duties in New Mexico Territory, Arizona Territory and Washington, D.C. He received brevet promotions to Lieutenant Colonel in May, 1865 and Colonel in November, 1865 in recognition of his Civil War service.", "William H. Bell (fl. 1860s) William H. Bell was an African-American servant of William Seward, who is best known for being the servant who greeted William Seward's assassin the night of April 14, 1865, and for giving testimony against Lewis Powell during the Abraham Lincoln military tribunal. William H. Bell was born sometime around 1845. Bell worked as a waiter at the time of the assalt. He later went on to practice law. William H. Bell was an African American man likely born a slave around 1845. He did not know his actual age. He estimated himself to be 19\u201321 years old at the time of the military tribunal that followed the Lincoln assassination. At the trial he was noted to be racially a mulatto. At sometime in his early life, he received four or five years of education. If born a slave, it is unknown how he received his freedom; however, it is known that he was not freed by the Washington D.C. Emancipation Act as no Emancipation Petition was filed. As he grew older, he eventually became a servant in William Seward's Washington home and served for only nine months prior to the attack. On the night of April 14, 1865, William H. Bell answered the door to Lewis Powell. Powell told Bell that he needed to bring Seward some medicine from Dr. Tullio Verdi, (Seward's doctor) to help him recover from a previous carriage accident. After a long conversation, Powell insisted that only he could bring the medicine to Seward and would not tell Bell why. Bell refused admission so Powell pushed past Bell and tried to go directly to Seward's room upstairs. However, Bell then ran ahead of Powell as they climbed the stairs to Seward's bedroom. He asked Powell to walk more quietly up the stairs in his boots."], "answer": {"text": "Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856,", "answer_start": 201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#2", "question": "What else did he do in politics?", "rewrite": "What else did William H. Seward do in politics other than make sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict??", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frederick W. Seward Frederick William Seward (July 8, 1830 \u2013 April 25, 1915) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party who twice served as the Assistant Secretary of State. The son of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, he served as Assistant Secretary from 1861 to 1869 under both Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and then from 1877 to 1879 in the administration of Rutherford B. Hayes. Seward was born in Auburn, New York on July 8, 1830. He was the son of Frances Adeline (n\u00e9e Miller) Seward and William H. Seward, who shortly after his birth became a New York State Senator (and later the 12th Governor of New York, a U.S. Senator and the 24th United States Secretary of State). Frederick was the younger brother of Augustus Henry Seward and the elder brother of General William H. Seward Jr. and Fanny Seward. His maternal grandfather was Judge Elijah Miller and his paternal grandfather was Judge Samuel S. Seward, who was also a physician and member of the New York State Assembly. From 1839 to 1840, while his father was Governor of New York State, Frederick attended the Pearl Street Academy in Albany, New York. He graduated from Union College in 1849, and studied law with Henry E. Davies and William Kent. In 1851, he was admitted to the bar in Rochester, New York. In 1878, Union awarded him an honorary LL.D. degree. After graduating from college, Seward served as a secretary to his father from 1849 to 1857, and served as associate editor of the \"Albany Evening Journal\" from 1851 to 1861. On February 21, 1861, Seward arrived at the Continental Hotel in Philadelphia carrying a letter from his father for President-elect Lincoln. The letter contained information gathered by Colonel Charles Pomeroy Stone and General Winfield Scott.", "Augustus Henry Seward Augustus Henry Seward (October 1, 1826 \u2013 September 11, 1876) was the son of William H. Seward and Frances Adeline Seward. He was a career officer in the United States Army, and attained the rank of brevet Colonel. Augustus H. Seward was born in Auburn, New York, on October 1, 1826, and was the first child of William H. Seward and his wife Frances Miller. In addition to being the son of William H. and Frances Seward, Augustus Seward was the grandson of Judges Elijah Miller and Samuel S. Seward, and the brother of Frederick W. Seward, Cornelia Seward, William H. Seward Jr. and Frances Adeline \"Fanny\" Seward. In 1847, Seward graduated from the United States Military Academy, ranked 34th of 38 students. While at West Point his roommates included Henry Heth, who ranked 38th. After graduation, Seward was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 8th Infantry Regiment, and he served with his regiment in Mexico during the Mexican\u2013American War. After the war Augustus Seward continued his military career, serving with the 5th Infantry in: East Pascagoula, Mississippi; Forts Towson and Washita in Indian Territory; on the Utah Expedition; and at Forts Defiance and Union in New Mexico Territory. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1853 and Captain in 1859. In 1861 Augustus Seward transferred to the Paymaster Corps and was promoted to Major. Later that year he declined an appointment in the 19th Infantry. During the American Civil War he carried out paymaster and staff duties in New Mexico Territory, Arizona Territory and Washington, D.C. He received brevet promotions to Lieutenant Colonel in May, 1865 and Colonel in November, 1865 in recognition of his Civil War service.", "William H. Bell (fl. 1860s) William H. Bell was an African-American servant of William Seward, who is best known for being the servant who greeted William Seward's assassin the night of April 14, 1865, and for giving testimony against Lewis Powell during the Abraham Lincoln military tribunal. William H. Bell was born sometime around 1845. Bell worked as a waiter at the time of the assalt. He later went on to practice law. William H. Bell was an African American man likely born a slave around 1845. He did not know his actual age. He estimated himself to be 19\u201321 years old at the time of the military tribunal that followed the Lincoln assassination. At the trial he was noted to be racially a mulatto. At sometime in his early life, he received four or five years of education. If born a slave, it is unknown how he received his freedom; however, it is known that he was not freed by the Washington D.C. Emancipation Act as no Emancipation Petition was filed. As he grew older, he eventually became a servant in William Seward's Washington home and served for only nine months prior to the attack. On the night of April 14, 1865, William H. Bell answered the door to Lewis Powell. Powell told Bell that he needed to bring Seward some medicine from Dr. Tullio Verdi, (Seward's doctor) to help him recover from a previous carriage accident. After a long conversation, Powell insisted that only he could bring the medicine to Seward and would not tell Bell why. Bell refused admission so Powell pushed past Bell and tried to go directly to Seward's room upstairs. However, Bell then ran ahead of Powell as they climbed the stairs to Seward's bedroom. He asked Powell to walk more quietly up the stairs in his boots.", "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict. When in April 1861, the Confederacy announced that it would authorize privateers, Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856, outlawing such vessels, but Britain required that, if the U.S. were to become a party, the ratification would not require action to be taken against Confederate vessels. The Palmerston government considered recognizing the Confederacy as an independent nation. Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London, Charles Francis Adams, to read to the Foreign Secretary, Lord Russell. Seward submitted it to Lincoln, who, realizing that the Union was in no position to battle both the South and Britain, toned it down considerably, and made it merely a memorandum for Adams's guidance. In May 1861, Britain and France declared the South to be belligerents by international law, and their ships were entitled to the same rights as U.S.-flagged vessels to remain 24 hours in neutral ports. Nevertheless, Seward was pleased that both nations would not meet with Confederate commissioners or recognize the South as a nation. Britain did not challenge the Union blockade of Confederate ports, and Seward wrote that if Britain continued to avoid interfering in the war, he would not be overly sensitive to what wording they used to describe their policies. In November 1861, the USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail ship RMS Trent and removed two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell. They were held in Boston amid jubilation in the North and outrage in Britain.", "Sites and works regarding William H. Seward  United States Secretary of State William H. Seward has a number of memorials to him, and several locations are preserved that are associated with him. He also wrote a number of works. Seward and his family owned a home in Auburn, New York which is now a museum; it was built in 1816 by Seward's father-in-law, Judge Elijah Miller. Seward married the Judge's daughter, Frances, in 1824 on the condition that they would live with Miller in his Auburn home. Seward made many changes to the home, adding an addition in the late 1840s and another one in 1866. When he died, Seward left the home to his son, William Seward, Jr.; it passed on to his grandson, William Henry Seward III, in 1920. At his death in 1951, it became a museum that opened to the public in 1955. Four generations of the family's artifacts are contained within the museum, located at 33 South Street in Auburn. Seward's birthplace in Florida , New York was bought by the village in 2010, with the purpose of refurbishing it. The property actually contains two houses: one in back\u2014Seward's actual birthplace\u2014which was converted into a barn; and one in front, built in the 1890s, used by the family that lived there for many years. The property is expected to be turned into a museum and opened to the public by 2013. A statue of Seward is located in Seward Park in Auburn, a bronze sculpture by artist Randolph Rogers in Madison Square in New York City, a statue on the grounds of the Z. J. Loussac Public Library in Anchorage, Alaska, and a bronze statue in Volunteer Park in Seattle."], "answer": {"text": "Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London,", "answer_start": 609}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make sure they didn't interfere?", "answer": {"text": "Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856,", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#3", "question": "What were his views about the war?", "rewrite": "What were William H. Seward views about the war?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William H. Bell (fl. 1860s) William H. Bell was an African-American servant of William Seward, who is best known for being the servant who greeted William Seward's assassin the night of April 14, 1865, and for giving testimony against Lewis Powell during the Abraham Lincoln military tribunal. William H. Bell was born sometime around 1845. Bell worked as a waiter at the time of the assalt. He later went on to practice law. William H. Bell was an African American man likely born a slave around 1845. He did not know his actual age. He estimated himself to be 19\u201321 years old at the time of the military tribunal that followed the Lincoln assassination. At the trial he was noted to be racially a mulatto. At sometime in his early life, he received four or five years of education. If born a slave, it is unknown how he received his freedom; however, it is known that he was not freed by the Washington D.C. Emancipation Act as no Emancipation Petition was filed. As he grew older, he eventually became a servant in William Seward's Washington home and served for only nine months prior to the attack. On the night of April 14, 1865, William H. Bell answered the door to Lewis Powell. Powell told Bell that he needed to bring Seward some medicine from Dr. Tullio Verdi, (Seward's doctor) to help him recover from a previous carriage accident. After a long conversation, Powell insisted that only he could bring the medicine to Seward and would not tell Bell why. Bell refused admission so Powell pushed past Bell and tried to go directly to Seward's room upstairs. However, Bell then ran ahead of Powell as they climbed the stairs to Seward's bedroom. He asked Powell to walk more quietly up the stairs in his boots.", "Augustus Henry Seward Augustus Henry Seward (October 1, 1826 \u2013 September 11, 1876) was the son of William H. Seward and Frances Adeline Seward. He was a career officer in the United States Army, and attained the rank of brevet Colonel. Augustus H. Seward was born in Auburn, New York, on October 1, 1826, and was the first child of William H. Seward and his wife Frances Miller. In addition to being the son of William H. and Frances Seward, Augustus Seward was the grandson of Judges Elijah Miller and Samuel S. Seward, and the brother of Frederick W. Seward, Cornelia Seward, William H. Seward Jr. and Frances Adeline \"Fanny\" Seward. In 1847, Seward graduated from the United States Military Academy, ranked 34th of 38 students. While at West Point his roommates included Henry Heth, who ranked 38th. After graduation, Seward was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 8th Infantry Regiment, and he served with his regiment in Mexico during the Mexican\u2013American War. After the war Augustus Seward continued his military career, serving with the 5th Infantry in: East Pascagoula, Mississippi; Forts Towson and Washita in Indian Territory; on the Utah Expedition; and at Forts Defiance and Union in New Mexico Territory. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1853 and Captain in 1859. In 1861 Augustus Seward transferred to the Paymaster Corps and was promoted to Major. Later that year he declined an appointment in the 19th Infantry. During the American Civil War he carried out paymaster and staff duties in New Mexico Territory, Arizona Territory and Washington, D.C. He received brevet promotions to Lieutenant Colonel in May, 1865 and Colonel in November, 1865 in recognition of his Civil War service.", "William H. Seward House The William H. Seward House Museum, is a circa 1816 historic home located at 33 South Street between Lincoln and William Streets in Auburn, New York, that was once the home of William H. Seward, who served as a New York state senator, the governor of New York, a U.S. senator, a presidential candidate, and then Secretary of State under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The house was originally built in 1816 by Judge Elijah Miller, Seward's father-in-law. The home was substantially modified by the Sewards in 1840 and again 1866 to accommodate the diplomatic entertainments expected of his offices. The original 10-room brick house was expanded to over 30 rooms, and was occupied by blood relatives until 1951. Among other notable accomplishments, Seward negotiated the 1867 purchase from Russia of Alaska, which became known as \"Seward's Folly\". Although he spent many years in Albany and Washington, D.C., he called this house his home from the time of his marriage in 1824 until his death. The entire house remains furnished with extensive Seward-family collections. Notes", "Sites and works regarding William H. Seward  United States Secretary of State William H. Seward has a number of memorials to him, and several locations are preserved that are associated with him. He also wrote a number of works. Seward and his family owned a home in Auburn, New York which is now a museum; it was built in 1816 by Seward's father-in-law, Judge Elijah Miller. Seward married the Judge's daughter, Frances, in 1824 on the condition that they would live with Miller in his Auburn home. Seward made many changes to the home, adding an addition in the late 1840s and another one in 1866. When he died, Seward left the home to his son, William Seward, Jr.; it passed on to his grandson, William Henry Seward III, in 1920. At his death in 1951, it became a museum that opened to the public in 1955. Four generations of the family's artifacts are contained within the museum, located at 33 South Street in Auburn. Seward's birthplace in Florida , New York was bought by the village in 2010, with the purpose of refurbishing it. The property actually contains two houses: one in back\u2014Seward's actual birthplace\u2014which was converted into a barn; and one in front, built in the 1890s, used by the family that lived there for many years. The property is expected to be turned into a museum and opened to the public by 2013. A statue of Seward is located in Seward Park in Auburn, a bronze sculpture by artist Randolph Rogers in Madison Square in New York City, a statue on the grounds of the Z. J. Loussac Public Library in Anchorage, Alaska, and a bronze statue in Volunteer Park in Seattle.", "Frederick W. Seward Frederick William Seward (July 8, 1830 \u2013 April 25, 1915) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party who twice served as the Assistant Secretary of State. The son of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, he served as Assistant Secretary from 1861 to 1869 under both Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and then from 1877 to 1879 in the administration of Rutherford B. Hayes. Seward was born in Auburn, New York on July 8, 1830. He was the son of Frances Adeline (n\u00e9e Miller) Seward and William H. Seward, who shortly after his birth became a New York State Senator (and later the 12th Governor of New York, a U.S. Senator and the 24th United States Secretary of State). Frederick was the younger brother of Augustus Henry Seward and the elder brother of General William H. Seward Jr. and Fanny Seward. His maternal grandfather was Judge Elijah Miller and his paternal grandfather was Judge Samuel S. Seward, who was also a physician and member of the New York State Assembly. From 1839 to 1840, while his father was Governor of New York State, Frederick attended the Pearl Street Academy in Albany, New York. He graduated from Union College in 1849, and studied law with Henry E. Davies and William Kent. In 1851, he was admitted to the bar in Rochester, New York. In 1878, Union awarded him an honorary LL.D. degree. After graduating from college, Seward served as a secretary to his father from 1849 to 1857, and served as associate editor of the \"Albany Evening Journal\" from 1851 to 1861. On February 21, 1861, Seward arrived at the Continental Hotel in Philadelphia carrying a letter from his father for President-elect Lincoln. The letter contained information gathered by Colonel Charles Pomeroy Stone and General Winfield Scott."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make sure they didn't interfere?", "answer": {"text": "Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856,", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London,", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#4", "question": "What other important things did he do?", "rewrite": "What other important things did William H. Seward do besides wage war?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frederick W. Seward Frederick William Seward (July 8, 1830 \u2013 April 25, 1915) was an American politician and member of the Republican Party who twice served as the Assistant Secretary of State. The son of United States Secretary of State William H. Seward, he served as Assistant Secretary from 1861 to 1869 under both Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and then from 1877 to 1879 in the administration of Rutherford B. Hayes. Seward was born in Auburn, New York on July 8, 1830. He was the son of Frances Adeline (n\u00e9e Miller) Seward and William H. Seward, who shortly after his birth became a New York State Senator (and later the 12th Governor of New York, a U.S. Senator and the 24th United States Secretary of State). Frederick was the younger brother of Augustus Henry Seward and the elder brother of General William H. Seward Jr. and Fanny Seward. His maternal grandfather was Judge Elijah Miller and his paternal grandfather was Judge Samuel S. Seward, who was also a physician and member of the New York State Assembly. From 1839 to 1840, while his father was Governor of New York State, Frederick attended the Pearl Street Academy in Albany, New York. He graduated from Union College in 1849, and studied law with Henry E. Davies and William Kent. In 1851, he was admitted to the bar in Rochester, New York. In 1878, Union awarded him an honorary LL.D. degree. After graduating from college, Seward served as a secretary to his father from 1849 to 1857, and served as associate editor of the \"Albany Evening Journal\" from 1851 to 1861. On February 21, 1861, Seward arrived at the Continental Hotel in Philadelphia carrying a letter from his father for President-elect Lincoln. The letter contained information gathered by Colonel Charles Pomeroy Stone and General Winfield Scott.", "William H. Bell (fl. 1860s) William H. Bell was an African-American servant of William Seward, who is best known for being the servant who greeted William Seward's assassin the night of April 14, 1865, and for giving testimony against Lewis Powell during the Abraham Lincoln military tribunal. William H. Bell was born sometime around 1845. Bell worked as a waiter at the time of the assalt. He later went on to practice law. William H. Bell was an African American man likely born a slave around 1845. He did not know his actual age. He estimated himself to be 19\u201321 years old at the time of the military tribunal that followed the Lincoln assassination. At the trial he was noted to be racially a mulatto. At sometime in his early life, he received four or five years of education. If born a slave, it is unknown how he received his freedom; however, it is known that he was not freed by the Washington D.C. Emancipation Act as no Emancipation Petition was filed. As he grew older, he eventually became a servant in William Seward's Washington home and served for only nine months prior to the attack. On the night of April 14, 1865, William H. Bell answered the door to Lewis Powell. Powell told Bell that he needed to bring Seward some medicine from Dr. Tullio Verdi, (Seward's doctor) to help him recover from a previous carriage accident. After a long conversation, Powell insisted that only he could bring the medicine to Seward and would not tell Bell why. Bell refused admission so Powell pushed past Bell and tried to go directly to Seward's room upstairs. However, Bell then ran ahead of Powell as they climbed the stairs to Seward's bedroom. He asked Powell to walk more quietly up the stairs in his boots.", "William H. Seward House The William H. Seward House Museum, is a circa 1816 historic home located at 33 South Street between Lincoln and William Streets in Auburn, New York, that was once the home of William H. Seward, who served as a New York state senator, the governor of New York, a U.S. senator, a presidential candidate, and then Secretary of State under presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964, and added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The house was originally built in 1816 by Judge Elijah Miller, Seward's father-in-law. The home was substantially modified by the Sewards in 1840 and again 1866 to accommodate the diplomatic entertainments expected of his offices. The original 10-room brick house was expanded to over 30 rooms, and was occupied by blood relatives until 1951. Among other notable accomplishments, Seward negotiated the 1867 purchase from Russia of Alaska, which became known as \"Seward's Folly\". Although he spent many years in Albany and Washington, D.C., he called this house his home from the time of his marriage in 1824 until his death. The entire house remains furnished with extensive Seward-family collections. Notes", "Augustus Henry Seward Augustus Henry Seward (October 1, 1826 \u2013 September 11, 1876) was the son of William H. Seward and Frances Adeline Seward. He was a career officer in the United States Army, and attained the rank of brevet Colonel. Augustus H. Seward was born in Auburn, New York, on October 1, 1826, and was the first child of William H. Seward and his wife Frances Miller. In addition to being the son of William H. and Frances Seward, Augustus Seward was the grandson of Judges Elijah Miller and Samuel S. Seward, and the brother of Frederick W. Seward, Cornelia Seward, William H. Seward Jr. and Frances Adeline \"Fanny\" Seward. In 1847, Seward graduated from the United States Military Academy, ranked 34th of 38 students. While at West Point his roommates included Henry Heth, who ranked 38th. After graduation, Seward was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the 8th Infantry Regiment, and he served with his regiment in Mexico during the Mexican\u2013American War. After the war Augustus Seward continued his military career, serving with the 5th Infantry in: East Pascagoula, Mississippi; Forts Towson and Washita in Indian Territory; on the Utah Expedition; and at Forts Defiance and Union in New Mexico Territory. He was promoted to First Lieutenant in 1853 and Captain in 1859. In 1861 Augustus Seward transferred to the Paymaster Corps and was promoted to Major. Later that year he declined an appointment in the 19th Infantry. During the American Civil War he carried out paymaster and staff duties in New Mexico Territory, Arizona Territory and Washington, D.C. He received brevet promotions to Lieutenant Colonel in May, 1865 and Colonel in November, 1865 in recognition of his Civil War service.", "Sites and works regarding William H. Seward  United States Secretary of State William H. Seward has a number of memorials to him, and several locations are preserved that are associated with him. He also wrote a number of works. Seward and his family owned a home in Auburn, New York which is now a museum; it was built in 1816 by Seward's father-in-law, Judge Elijah Miller. Seward married the Judge's daughter, Frances, in 1824 on the condition that they would live with Miller in his Auburn home. Seward made many changes to the home, adding an addition in the late 1840s and another one in 1866. When he died, Seward left the home to his son, William Seward, Jr.; it passed on to his grandson, William Henry Seward III, in 1920. At his death in 1951, it became a museum that opened to the public in 1955. Four generations of the family's artifacts are contained within the museum, located at 33 South Street in Auburn. Seward's birthplace in Florida , New York was bought by the village in 2010, with the purpose of refurbishing it. The property actually contains two houses: one in back\u2014Seward's actual birthplace\u2014which was converted into a barn; and one in front, built in the 1890s, used by the family that lived there for many years. The property is expected to be turned into a museum and opened to the public by 2013. A statue of Seward is located in Seward Park in Auburn, a bronze sculpture by artist Randolph Rogers in Madison Square in New York City, a statue on the grounds of the Z. J. Loussac Public Library in Anchorage, Alaska, and a bronze statue in Volunteer Park in Seattle."], "answer": {"text": "U.S. and Britain soon improved; in April 1862, Seward and Lyons signed a treaty they had negotiated allowing each nation to inspect the other's ships for contraband slaves.", "answer_start": 485}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make sure they didn't interfere?", "answer": {"text": "Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856,", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London,", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his views about the war?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting things mentioned?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting things mentioned besides the signing a treaty?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"Successful Snooker\" (1982), \"Frame and Fortune\" (1982), \"Steve Davis: Snooker Champion\" (1983), \"Matchroom Snooker\" (1988) and \"The Official Matchroom 1990\"; two relating to chess in 1995 with David Norwood: \" Steve Davis Plays Chess\" and \"Grandmaster Meets Chess Amateur\". He also authored three cookbooks in 1994: \"Simply Fix \u2013 the Steve Davis Interesting Cookbook No 1 \u2013 Interesting Things to Do With Meat\", \"Simply Fix \u2013 The Steve Davis Interesting Cookbook No 2 \u2013 Interesting Things to Make with Poultry\", and \"Simply Fix \u2013 the Steve Davis Interesting Cookbook No 3 \u2013 Interesting Things to Make Using Vegetables\". In 1986, he joined musical duo Chas & Dave and several other snooker stars of the time (under the name \"The Matchroom Mob\") on the novelty record \"Snooker Loopy\", which was a Top 10 hit in the United Kingdom. A year later they released a follow-up single, the \"Romford Rap\", though this only reached #91 in the UK charts. Since 1996 he has presented a show dedicated to progressive rock and the Canterbury scene on his local radio station, Phoenix FM. In 2013, Davis participated in the thirteenth series of \"I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!\", finishing in eighth place. In 2017, he appeared in \"Would I Lie to You?\" as a guest panelist where he recounted the true story of being fired by the Sultan of Brunei as a coach to his son following an incident with a cheese sandwich. A film about Steve Davis' rise and subsequent dominance of snooker in the 1980s and his intense rivalry with Alex Higgins was released by the BBC in 2016 titled \"The Rack Pack\" casting Will Merrick as Davis .", "Gross Spannort The Gross Spannort is a mountain of the Uri Alps, located between Engelberg and Erstfeld in Central Switzerland. It is located within the canton of Uri, although its summit lies on the watershed between the Engelberger Aa and the main Reuss valley. The Gross Spannort is almost entirely surrounded by glaciers, the largest being the Glatt Finn. South-west of the Gross Spannort is the Chli Spannort (\"little Spannort\").", "Nicholas Pal Dukagjini Nicholas Dukagjini () was an Albanian nobleman of the Dukagjini family in the 15th century. He was the son of Pal Dukagjini, one of the founding members of the League of Lezh\u00eb. Nicholas Dukagjini fled to Italy after the second Siege of Shkodra in 1479, but is well known for the return to his homeland two years later, together with Skanderbeg\u2019s son Gjon Kastrioti and other noblemen to lead the armed movement against the Ottomans. Nicholas Dukagjini was the son of Pal Dukagjini (1411\u20131458). He had three brothers: Lek\u00eb, Progon and Gjergj, of whom only Lek\u00eb was politically notable and is often mentioned besides his brother. Nicholas Dukagjini married Chiranna Arianiti, daughter of Gjergj Arianiti, and had one child that survived, a son Progon. After the death of Skanderbeg in 1468, Nicholas Dukagjini and his brothers Lek\u00eb and Progon were allied to Venice. In 1471, Nicholas\u2019 brother Progon is mentioned dead. Following the Ottoman retreat after the first Siege of Shkodra in August 1474, the Turkish army destroyed and burned the inhabited surrounding region, including the castle of Dagnum, despite a strong resistance led by the brothers Nicholas and Lek\u00eb Dukagjini. The Ottoman Empire captured Kruj\u00eb in June 1478, and shortly afterwards, Drivast and Alessio (Lezh\u00eb). Many local fighters were engaged in the defense of the town during the second Siege of Shkodra between 1478 and 1479, including several ex-warriors of Skanderbeg.", "Hank has spoken about human dreams of success. On the topic, Hank has stated, \"There are problems with the institutions of dreams, [but] I am in favor of them. We need something to push us to work 16-hour days sometimes. We need something to drive us to be better, and weirder, and different, but I think if we let that one thing drive us, it's a failure of imagination, and we miss opportunities.\" Hank would add, \"In the end, it's not about finding success, it's about building the number of things you're capable of, because then you could do more interesting things, and we need people to do interesting things in the world.\" Both John and Hank have often discussed political and governmental topics in their videos. Hank, in particular, is a strong advocate of young Americans taking advantage of their right to vote. John has also advocated for this, and has written that for years after he turned 18, he did not participate in voting. During this period, John \"found politics boring and divisive,\" believing that politics and voting were a waste of his time. Green adds to this, stating, \"I was going to be a writer, and the great writers (I thought) transcend the minor quibbles of their historical moments. Writers focus on the big questions; politics, I thought, is about the small questions.\" However, as Green matured during his adult years, he has developed a belief that, \"the big questions\u2014about our environment, our responsibilities to one another, our rights as citizens\u2014are political questions.\" In 2016, while speaking on the SourceFed Podcast, Hank expressed that he has become \"less liberal\". John has stated that he is an independent voter who has voted for both Republican and Democratic politicians.", "She later reported that the CIA \"wanted to talk to me because they had interesting things to tell me, and interesting things to ask me, such as if I was willing to take the risk, if I was ready to listen to them... I was rather shocked, but anyway I said yes\". As part of her work with the CIA, she was credited with helping at least 200 people leave Cuba in the immediate post-revolutionary period. \"Time\" magazine reported that \"after the mother Lina Ruz died in 1963, there was a violent episode when Fidel decided to expropriate the family land once and for all. Juanita started selling the cattle; Fidel flew into a rage, denounced her as a 'counterrevolutionary worm,' and rushed to the Oriente farm.\" In 1964 she left Cuba for Mexico, staying with her sister Enma, who had married a Mexican in Cuba and emigrated there. Upon her arrival she called a press conference and announced that she had defected from Cuba. \"I cannot longer remain indifferent to what is happening in my country,\" she said. \"My brothers Fidel and Ra\u00fal have made it an enormous prison surrounded by water. The people are nailed to a cross of torment imposed by international Communism.\" In 1998, she filed a lawsuit in Spain against her niece Alina Fern\u00e1ndez, the illegitimate daughter of her brother Fidel Castro, claiming that she had been libeled in some passages in Fern\u00e1ndez's autobiography, \"Castro's Daughter: An Exile's Memoir of Cuba\" (1998). She claimed the book defamed her family: \"People who were eating off Fidel's plate yesterday come here and want money and power, so they say whatever they want, even if it's not true.\""], "answer": {"text": "In November 1862, with America's image in Britain improved by the issuance of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation,", "answer_start": 658}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make sure they didn't interfere?", "answer": {"text": "Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856,", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London,", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his views about the war?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other important things did he do?", "answer": {"text": "U.S. and Britain soon improved; in April 1862, Seward and Lyons signed a treaty they had negotiated allowing each nation to inspect the other's ships for contraband slaves.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#6", "question": "What happened in November 1862?", "rewrite": "What happened in November 1862 together with the issuance of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Delaware and Maryland already had a high percentage of free blacks: 91.2% and 49.7%, respectively, in 1860. Lincoln first discussed the proclamation with his cabinet in July 1862. He drafted his \"preliminary proclamation\" and read it to Secretary of State William Seward, and Secretary of Navy Gideon Welles, on July 13. Seward and Welles were at first speechless, then Seward referred to possible anarchy throughout the South and resulting foreign intervention; Welles apparently said nothing. On July 22, Lincoln presented it to his entire cabinet as something he had determined to do and he asked their opinion on wording. Although Secretary of War Edwin Stanton supported it, Seward advised Lincoln to issue the proclamation after a major Union victory, or else it would appear as if the Union was giving \"its last shriek of retreat\". In September 1862, the Battle of Antietam gave Lincoln the victory he needed to issue the Emancipation. In the battle, though the Union suffered heavier losses than the Confederates and General McClellan allowed the escape of Robert E. Lee's retreating troops, Union forces turned back a Confederate invasion of Maryland. On September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam occurred, and while living at the Soldier's Home, Lincoln called his cabinet into session and issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, Lincoln told Cabinet members that he had made a covenant with God, that if the Union drove the Confederacy out of Maryland, he would issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln had first shown an early draft of the proclamation to Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, an ardent abolitionist, who was more often kept in the dark on presidential decisions. The final proclamation was issued January 1, 1863.", "A few days after Lincoln signed the law--known as the Second Confiscation Act--he drafted the first version of what would become his Emancipation Proclamation. Because the Constitution could sanction emancipation only as one of the war powers, freeing slaves could only be justified as a means of winning the war and suppressing the Southern rebellion. As a result, until the very end of the war Lincoln claimed that the purpose of the war was the restoration of the Union. Southern leaders denounced Lincoln as a bloodthirsty revolutionary whose emancipation policies proved that the secessionists were right all along about those they labeled \"Black Republicans.\" Northern Democrats, meanwhile, denied that emancipation was a \"military necessity,\" as Lincoln and the Republicans claimed it was. But Lincoln never deviated from his official position, that because the Constitution recognized slavery in the states the only constitutional justification for freeing slaves was the restoration of the Union. On August 22, 1862 Lincoln published a letter in response to an editorial by Horace Greeley of the \"New York Tribune\", in which the editor asked why Lincoln had not yet issued an emancipation proclamation, as he was authorized to do by the Second Confiscation Act. In his reply Lincoln differentiated between \"my view of official duty\" \u2014 that is, what he can do in his official capacity as President \u2014 and his personal views. Officially he must save the Union above all else; personally he wanted to free all the slaves: Just one month after writing this letter, Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which announced that at the beginning of 1863, he would use his war powers to free all slaves in states still in rebellion as they came under Union control.", "In 1861, Lincoln expressed the fear that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states. He believed that \"to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game. \" At first, Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals John C. Fremont (in Missouri) and David Hunter (in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida) to keep the loyalty of the border states and the War Democrats. Lincoln mentioned his Emancipation Proclamation to members of his cabinet on July 21, 1862. Secretary of State William H. Seward told Lincoln to wait for a victory before issuing the proclamation, as to do otherwise would seem like \"our last shriek on the retreat\". In September 1862 the Battle of Antietam provided this opportunity, and the subsequent War Governors' Conference added support for the proclamation. Lincoln had already published a letter encouraging the border states especially to accept emancipation as necessary to save the Union. Lincoln later said that slavery was \"somehow the cause of the war\". Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, and said that a final proclamation would be issued if his gradual plan, based on compensated emancipation and voluntary colonization, was rejected. Only the District of Columbia accepted Lincoln's gradual plan, and Lincoln issued his final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. In his letter to Hodges, Lincoln explained his belief that  Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 was a powerful action that promised freedom for slaves in the Confederacy as soon as the Union armies reached them, and authorized the enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army. The Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in the Union-allied slave-holding states that bordered the Confederacy. Since the Confederate States did not recognize the authority of President Lincoln, and the proclamation did not apply in the border states, at first the proclamation freed only those slaves who had escaped behind Union lines.", "In July 1862, President Lincoln became convinced that \"a military necessity\" was needed to strike at slavery in order to win the Civil War for the Union. The Confiscation Acts were only having a minimal effect to end slavery. On July 22, he wrote a first draft of the Emancipation Proclamation that freed the slaves in states in rebellion. After he showed his cabinet the document, slight alterations were made in the wording. Lincoln decided that the defeat of the Confederate invasion of the North at Sharpsburg was enough of a battlefield victory to enable him to release the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation that gave the rebels 100 days to return to the Union or the actual Proclamation would be issued. On January 1, 1863, the actual Emancipation Proclamation was issued, specifically naming ten states in which slaves would be \"forever free\". The proclamation did not name the states of Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware, and specifically excluded numerous counties in some other states. Eventually, as the Union Armies advanced into the Confederacy millions of slaves were set free. Many of these freedmen joined the Union army and fought in battles against the Confederate forces. Yet hundreds of thousands of freed slaves died during emancipation from illness that devastated army regiments. Freed slaves suffered from smallpox, yellow fever, and malnutrition. President Abraham Lincoln was concerned to effect a speedy restoration of the Confederate states to the Union after the Civil War. In 1863, President Lincoln proposed a moderate plan for the Reconstruction of the captured Confederate State of Louisiana. The plan granted amnesty to Rebels who took an oath of loyalty to the Union. Black Freedmen workers were tied to labor on plantations for one year at $10 a month pay. Only 10% of the state's electorate had to take the loyalty oath in order for the state to be readmitted into U.S. Congress. The state was required to abolish slavery in its new constitution.", "At first, Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals John C. Fr\u00e9mont (in Missouri) and David Hunter (in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida) to keep the loyalty of the border states and the War Democrats. Lincoln warned the border states that a more radical type of emancipation would happen if his gradual plan based on compensated emancipation and voluntary colonization was rejected. But only the District of Columbia accepted Lincoln's gradual plan, which was enacted by Congress. When Lincoln told his cabinet about his proposed emancipation proclamation, Seward advised Lincoln to wait for a victory before issuing it, as to do otherwise would seem like \"our last shriek on the retreat\". Lincoln laid the groundwork for public support in an open letter published in abolitionist Horace Greeley's newspaper. In September 1862, the Battle of Antietam provided this opportunity, and the subsequent War Governors' Conference added support for the proclamation. Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, and his final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. In his letter to Albert G. Hodges, Lincoln explained his belief that \"If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong ... And yet I have never understood that the Presidency conferred upon me an unrestricted right to act officially upon this judgment and feeling ... I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me.\" Lincoln's moderate approach succeeded in inducing border states, War Democrats and emancipated slaves to fight for the Union. The Union-controlled border states (Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia) and Union-controlled regions around New Orleans, Norfolk and elsewhere, were not covered by the Emancipation Proclamation. All abolished slavery on their own, except Kentucky and Delaware. Since the Emancipation Proclamation was based on the President's war powers, it only included territory held by Confederates at the time."], "answer": {"text": "the British cabinet decided against recognition of the Confederacy as a nation.", "answer_start": 779}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make sure they didn't interfere?", "answer": {"text": "Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856,", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London,", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his views about the war?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other important things did he do?", "answer": {"text": "U.S. and Britain soon improved; in April 1862, Seward and Lyons signed a treaty they had negotiated allowing each nation to inspect the other's ships for contraband slaves.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting things mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1862, with America's image in Britain improved by the issuance of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation,", "answer_start": 658, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_956ecd8c6fb1460e982003d714295a4e_0_q#7", "question": "Is there anything else important?", "rewrite": "Is there anything else important other than the issuance of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Delaware and Maryland already had a high percentage of free blacks: 91.2% and 49.7%, respectively, in 1860. Lincoln first discussed the proclamation with his cabinet in July 1862. He drafted his \"preliminary proclamation\" and read it to Secretary of State William Seward, and Secretary of Navy Gideon Welles, on July 13. Seward and Welles were at first speechless, then Seward referred to possible anarchy throughout the South and resulting foreign intervention; Welles apparently said nothing. On July 22, Lincoln presented it to his entire cabinet as something he had determined to do and he asked their opinion on wording. Although Secretary of War Edwin Stanton supported it, Seward advised Lincoln to issue the proclamation after a major Union victory, or else it would appear as if the Union was giving \"its last shriek of retreat\". In September 1862, the Battle of Antietam gave Lincoln the victory he needed to issue the Emancipation. In the battle, though the Union suffered heavier losses than the Confederates and General McClellan allowed the escape of Robert E. Lee's retreating troops, Union forces turned back a Confederate invasion of Maryland. On September 22, 1862, five days after Antietam occurred, and while living at the Soldier's Home, Lincoln called his cabinet into session and issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, Lincoln told Cabinet members that he had made a covenant with God, that if the Union drove the Confederacy out of Maryland, he would issue the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln had first shown an early draft of the proclamation to Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, an ardent abolitionist, who was more often kept in the dark on presidential decisions. The final proclamation was issued January 1, 1863.", "In 1861, Lincoln expressed the fear that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states. He believed that \"to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game. \" At first, Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals John C. Fremont (in Missouri) and David Hunter (in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida) to keep the loyalty of the border states and the War Democrats. Lincoln mentioned his Emancipation Proclamation to members of his cabinet on July 21, 1862. Secretary of State William H. Seward told Lincoln to wait for a victory before issuing the proclamation, as to do otherwise would seem like \"our last shriek on the retreat\". In September 1862 the Battle of Antietam provided this opportunity, and the subsequent War Governors' Conference added support for the proclamation. Lincoln had already published a letter encouraging the border states especially to accept emancipation as necessary to save the Union. Lincoln later said that slavery was \"somehow the cause of the war\". Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, and said that a final proclamation would be issued if his gradual plan, based on compensated emancipation and voluntary colonization, was rejected. Only the District of Columbia accepted Lincoln's gradual plan, and Lincoln issued his final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. In his letter to Hodges, Lincoln explained his belief that  Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 was a powerful action that promised freedom for slaves in the Confederacy as soon as the Union armies reached them, and authorized the enlistment of African Americans in the Union Army. The Emancipation Proclamation did not free slaves in the Union-allied slave-holding states that bordered the Confederacy. Since the Confederate States did not recognize the authority of President Lincoln, and the proclamation did not apply in the border states, at first the proclamation freed only those slaves who had escaped behind Union lines.", "In July 1862, President Lincoln became convinced that \"a military necessity\" was needed to strike at slavery in order to win the Civil War for the Union. The Confiscation Acts were only having a minimal effect to end slavery. On July 22, he wrote a first draft of the Emancipation Proclamation that freed the slaves in states in rebellion. After he showed his cabinet the document, slight alterations were made in the wording. Lincoln decided that the defeat of the Confederate invasion of the North at Sharpsburg was enough of a battlefield victory to enable him to release the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation that gave the rebels 100 days to return to the Union or the actual Proclamation would be issued. On January 1, 1863, the actual Emancipation Proclamation was issued, specifically naming ten states in which slaves would be \"forever free\". The proclamation did not name the states of Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware, and specifically excluded numerous counties in some other states. Eventually, as the Union Armies advanced into the Confederacy millions of slaves were set free. Many of these freedmen joined the Union army and fought in battles against the Confederate forces. Yet hundreds of thousands of freed slaves died during emancipation from illness that devastated army regiments. Freed slaves suffered from smallpox, yellow fever, and malnutrition. President Abraham Lincoln was concerned to effect a speedy restoration of the Confederate states to the Union after the Civil War. In 1863, President Lincoln proposed a moderate plan for the Reconstruction of the captured Confederate State of Louisiana. The plan granted amnesty to Rebels who took an oath of loyalty to the Union. Black Freedmen workers were tied to labor on plantations for one year at $10 a month pay. Only 10% of the state's electorate had to take the loyalty oath in order for the state to be readmitted into U.S. Congress. The state was required to abolish slavery in its new constitution.", "At first, Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals John C. Fr\u00e9mont (in Missouri) and David Hunter (in South Carolina, Georgia and Florida) to keep the loyalty of the border states and the War Democrats. Lincoln warned the border states that a more radical type of emancipation would happen if his gradual plan based on compensated emancipation and voluntary colonization was rejected. But only the District of Columbia accepted Lincoln's gradual plan, which was enacted by Congress. When Lincoln told his cabinet about his proposed emancipation proclamation, Seward advised Lincoln to wait for a victory before issuing it, as to do otherwise would seem like \"our last shriek on the retreat\". Lincoln laid the groundwork for public support in an open letter published in abolitionist Horace Greeley's newspaper. In September 1862, the Battle of Antietam provided this opportunity, and the subsequent War Governors' Conference added support for the proclamation. Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, and his final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. In his letter to Albert G. Hodges, Lincoln explained his belief that \"If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong ... And yet I have never understood that the Presidency conferred upon me an unrestricted right to act officially upon this judgment and feeling ... I claim not to have controlled events, but confess plainly that events have controlled me.\" Lincoln's moderate approach succeeded in inducing border states, War Democrats and emancipated slaves to fight for the Union. The Union-controlled border states (Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia) and Union-controlled regions around New Orleans, Norfolk and elsewhere, were not covered by the Emancipation Proclamation. All abolished slavery on their own, except Kentucky and Delaware. Since the Emancipation Proclamation was based on the President's war powers, it only included territory held by Confederates at the time.", "A few days after Lincoln signed the law--known as the Second Confiscation Act--he drafted the first version of what would become his Emancipation Proclamation. Because the Constitution could sanction emancipation only as one of the war powers, freeing slaves could only be justified as a means of winning the war and suppressing the Southern rebellion. As a result, until the very end of the war Lincoln claimed that the purpose of the war was the restoration of the Union. Southern leaders denounced Lincoln as a bloodthirsty revolutionary whose emancipation policies proved that the secessionists were right all along about those they labeled \"Black Republicans.\" Northern Democrats, meanwhile, denied that emancipation was a \"military necessity,\" as Lincoln and the Republicans claimed it was. But Lincoln never deviated from his official position, that because the Constitution recognized slavery in the states the only constitutional justification for freeing slaves was the restoration of the Union. On August 22, 1862 Lincoln published a letter in response to an editorial by Horace Greeley of the \"New York Tribune\", in which the editor asked why Lincoln had not yet issued an emancipation proclamation, as he was authorized to do by the Second Confiscation Act. In his reply Lincoln differentiated between \"my view of official duty\" \u2014 that is, what he can do in his official capacity as President \u2014 and his personal views. Officially he must save the Union above all else; personally he wanted to free all the slaves: Just one month after writing this letter, Lincoln issued his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which announced that at the beginning of 1863, he would use his war powers to free all slaves in states still in rebellion as they came under Union control."], "answer": {"text": "In November 1861, the USS San Jacinto, commanded by Union Captain Charles Wilkes, intercepted the British mail ship RMS Trent and removed two Confederate diplomats, James Mason and John Slidell.", "answer_start": 1569}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were William H. Seward views on diplomacy?", "answer": {"text": "When the war started Seward turned his attention to making sure that foreign powers did not interfere in the conflict.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he make sure they didn't interfere?", "answer": {"text": "Seward sent word to the American representatives abroad that the U.S. would become party to the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law of 1856,", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in politics?", "answer": {"text": "Seward was willing to wage war against Britain if it did, and drafted a strong letter for the American Minister in London,", "answer_start": 609, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his views about the war?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other important things did he do?", "answer": {"text": "U.S. and Britain soon improved; in April 1862, Seward and Lyons signed a treaty they had negotiated allowing each nation to inspect the other's ships for contraband slaves.", "answer_start": 485, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting things mentioned?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1862, with America's image in Britain improved by the issuance of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation,", "answer_start": 658, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened in November 1862?", "answer": {"text": "the British cabinet decided against recognition of the Confederacy as a nation.", "answer_start": 779, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_0_q#0", "question": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "rewrite": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mikael of Wollo  Mikael of Wollo (1850 \u2013 8 September 1918), born Ras Mohammed Ali, was an army commander and a member of the nobility of the Ethiopian Empire. He was the father of the \"uncrowned\" Emperor Iyasu V. He changed his name to Mikael upon converting to Christianity. Mohammed Ali, was a ruler of a province of Wollo. His father was Ras Ali Abba Bula, and his mother was Woizero Getie. Mohammed Ali became a close friend of Menelik who was six years older than he was, and was shortly to be proclaimed King of Shewa. In time, Menelik was proclaimed Emperor Menelik II and Ras Mohammed Ali became one of his loyal supporters. As a result, by 1874 Menelik appointed Mohammed Ali as governor of Wollo. However, when Ras Mohammed returned to Wollo from a campaign with Menelik in Gojjam, he found his position threatened by an anti-Shewan revolt. He decided to forsake his friend to maintain his power base and sided with Yohannes IV, who was about to march on Shewa and likely to defeat Menelik. Emperor Yohannes forced Menelik to submit to him on 20 March 1878, which included transferring Ras Mohammed Ali's allegiance from Menelik to Yohannes. Later that year, the Council of Boru Meda, held under the directions of Emperor Yohannes, forced all muslims holding office in Wollo to convert to Christianity within three months or renounce their positions. \" Having concluded that Wollo was worth a mass,\" Marcus claims, \"Mohammad Ali led his people to Christianity.\" Nevertheless, while some of the elite leaders of Wollo converted to Christianity, the vast majority of the Muslim populace of Wollo refused to convert.", "Mohammed Ali Tewfik Prince Mohammed Ali Tewfik () (November 9, 1875 - March 18, 1955) was the heir presumptive of Egypt and Sudan from 1892-1899 and 1936-1952. He was a member of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty. He was the son of Khedive Tewfik I and Emina Ilhamy, and the younger brother of Khedive Abbas II. Following the death of King Fuad I in 1936, Prince Mohammed Ali was briefly Chief Regent for the 16-year-old King Farouk I until his Coronation. In 1937 he represented Egypt and Sudan at the Coronation of King George VI of the United Kingdom. In January 1952, his hopes of ruling were ended by the birth of King Farouk's son Ahmed Fuad. In 1953 Egypt was declared a republic and Prince Mohammed Ali lived the rest of his life in exile and died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1955. Mohammed Ali Tewfik had a great palace, Al-Manial, which he had built in the early 20th century, that contains many artifacts in a vintage architectural ambience. It is open to the public as the Manial Palace and Museum, in Cairo, this palace has large number of rooms, each room has different decoration, some of this decorations is an Egyptian style and the others are from other decoration styles around the world. prince Mohammed ali has a summer room and winter room,his mother lived in France and she admired the decorations of her room there, then prince mohammed ali brought and designed similar room with similar decorations to her mom from France to his palace to let here feel that she was still in France although she was in Egypt. Like his Ancestor Abbas Pasha I, he loved and breed Arabian Horses, he also wrote a Book entitled \"Breeding of Pure Bred Arabian Horses\".", "Mohammed Ali Karim Mohammed Ali Karim () (born June 25, 1986 in Iraq) is an Iraqi football defender. He currently plays for Al-Talaba in Iraq. Mohammed Ali Kareem has established himself as one of the most promising players in Iraq. Born in June 1986, he started his playing career as a teenager in 2005 with Bagdad-based Al Shorta, where he spent two years honing his skills and gaining valuable experience. 2007 he was signed by Jordanian giants Al Jazeera Amman, where he spent a season before returning to his homeland for short stints with Al Shorta again and Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya followed by a lucrative move to the Abu Dhabi-based Al Jazira. He then moved to Al Zawraa and in October 2010 he moved back to Al Shorta, where he was given the number 2 shirt, after Samal Saeed left Al Shorta. In March 2011 Mohammed Ali Karim signed on a contract with Arbil SC. Shortly after Mohammed signed with Al-Zawra'a SC before signing for Talaba SC in 2012 Kareem broke into Iraq's Olympic side (U23) and played a key defensive role in the silver-winning campaign at the 2006 Asian Games at Doha. Karim earned his first senior call-up in 2008 under Adnan Hamad and featured in three of the Iraqis' six qualifying games in Asia's third stage of qualifying for the 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, including the 1\u20130 victory over Australia.", "Police also filed a case against him on 30 June 2005 with a medical report and recorded Imrana's statement before a magistrate. The court had turned down Mohammed Ali's bail plea on 5 December 2005 In a video recorded by the Muslim Political Council of India, Imrana (veiled) says that once she screamed, Mohammed Ali had run away. On being asked again, she reiterates that the forceful attempt was not successful. However, the court took a different view based on evidence presented in the trial. On October 2006, Mohammed Ali was condemned to a prison term of ten years for raping Imrana. At one point the defense lawyer sought a leniency based on age of the defendant, but this was denied. The judge also directed Mohammed Ali to pay compensation of Rs 8,000 to Imrana for raping her. On the separate charge of criminal intimidation, Mohammed ali was sentenced to three years in prison and fined in Rs 3,000  Chronology of events in the Imrana rape case:", "Mohammed Ali (duo) Mohammed Ali is a Swedish hip hop duo that has its roots in Flemingsberg, south of Stockholm (part of Metropolitan Stockholm area). The Mohammed Ali duo, consists of Moms (Mohammed Anwar Ryback) and Alias Ruggig (Rawa Farok Mohamed Ali). Mohammed Ali duo is also part of the Swedish hip hop collective Ayla. The duo was known early on as UKN, but changed it to Mohammed Ali. In 2009 the duo released their critically praised debut mixtape \"Process\" mostly produced by . The mixtape was distributed free of charge via the Swedish hip hop/urban networking site www. Whoa.nu In 2011, Mohammed Ali released their first studio album \"Vi\" (meaning we in Swedish) on Bad Taste Records / Border and produced by Mack Beats, The Salazar Brothers, DJ Lastword and Astma and featured artists like Robert Athill, Kristin Amparo, Samson For President and Asha Ali. The album, launched on 13 April 2011 was very well received by critics and entered the Sverigetopplistan, the official Swedish Albums Chart at #41 (chart dated 22 April 2011). The first official single from the album was \"Kan N\u00e5gon Ringa (112) \" (meaning Can Someone Call 112). It was followed by \"Gatan sjunger ut\" and \"Postkodsmiljon\u00e4r\" both produced by Masse. A music video was shot, directed by Daniel Jigenstedt. Track list: Track list:"], "answer": {"text": "Ali,", "answer_start": 272}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_0_q#1", "question": "When did he first fight Ali?", "rewrite": "When did ken norton first fight Ali?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw.", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "However, the right camera sees this line as a line in its image plane. That line (e\u2013x) in the right camera is called an \"epipolar line\". Symmetrically, the line O\u2013X seen by the right camera as a point is seen as epipolar line e\u2013 xby the left camera. An epipolar line is a function of the position of point X in the 3D space, i.e. as X varies, a set of epipolar lines is generated in both images. Since the 3D line O\u2013X passes through the optical center of the lens O, the corresponding epipolar line in the right image must pass through the epipole e (and correspondingly for epipolar lines in the left image). All epipolar lines in one image contain the epipolar point of that image. In fact, any line which contains the epipolar point is an epipolar line since it can be derived from some 3D point X. As an alternative visualization, consider the points X, O & O that form a plane called the \"epipolar plane\". The epipolar plane intersects each camera's image plane where it forms lines\u2014the epipolar lines. All epipolar planes and epipolar lines intersect the epipole regardless of where X is located. If the relative position of the two cameras is known, this leads to two important observations: The epipolar geometry is simplified if the two camera image planes coincide. In this case, the epipolar lines also coincide (E\u2013P = E\u2013P). Furthermore, the epipolar lines are parallel to the line O\u2013O between the centers of projection, and can in practice be aligned with the horizontal axes of the two images.", "Oscar was one of the few people to upstage Ali in pre-fight press conferences. When, much later, he saw Ali seated ringside at the George Foreman \u2013Ken Norton fight, he went over and started a big slanging match. In his pre-fight press conference with Frazier, Bonavena needled effectively by implying that Frazier had a personal hygiene problem. He would start sniffing and grimace. Lawsuits were brought about by reporters with broken cameras; and other such \"colorful\" behavior. He was always volatile, as trainers soon discovered. Bonavena first came to wide public attention after a fine performance defeating rated contender and Canadian champion George Chuvalo, boxing technically better than expected and later going the distance against the young hard-hitting great Joe Frazier. In this their first fight, Bonavena had the future champion down twice in the second round before Frazier rallied to win by decision in the 10th round. In 1967, after the World Boxing Association stripped Muhammad Ali of the title for refusing to be inducted into the U.S. military, Bonavena participated in that sanctioning body's 1967 tournament to crown a new heavyweight champion. In a strong performance he decked favoured European champion Karl Mildenberger four times, winning by a decision in Frankfurt, West Germany. But he was himself knocked down twice and clearly outboxed by eventual tournament winner Jimmy Ellis in the semi-finals in Louisville, losing by unanimous decision in an upset. Many deemed it the best win of Ellis's career. Incidentally, Bonavena had been scheduled to fight Ali in Tokyo in May 1967, but the bout was not to be when Ali was stripped of his title. They'd match later. The following year, in 1968, after outpointing Leotis Martin, he got a rematch with Frazier for the heavyweight title in Philadelphia."], "answer": {"text": "March 31, 1973,", "answer_start": 515}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "answer": {"text": "Ali,", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_0_q#2", "question": "Did Norton win?", "rewrite": "Did Norton win against ali?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Marketed as Norton Utilities 2000, this was the final version to run solely on the Windows 9x platform. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Check, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton Zip Rescue, free 3-month subscription to Norton Web Services. Announced on 29 August 2000, the 2001 edition supports Windows 95, 98, ME, Windows NT and Windows 2000. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, Norton System Doctor, and Norton System Check. Disk tools now supports USB and FireWire drives. In anticipation of major changes to the Norton product lineup, no new features were introduced in this release. NU 2002 introduced Windows XP compatibility while dropping support for Windows 95. Utilities include Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Doctor, Norton UnErase, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information and Wipe Info. For the next six years, Norton Utilities will cease to exist as standalone product, instead becoming part of Norton SystemWorks starting 2003. SystemWorks is essentially an expanded version of Norton Utilities with additional features, antivirus protection and disk backup tool. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2004. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2005. It supports Windows 98 or higher. It includes Norton Protection, Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton System Doctor, UnErase Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information, Wipe Info, Image, Norton File Compare, Norton Registry Editor, Norton Registry Tracker, and Explorer Shell Extension. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2007. The revival of Norton Utilities as standalone software was announced on 3 February 2009, along with the discontinuation of Norton SystemWorks, which it replaces as Symantec's flagship PC tune-up suite. This version added 64-bit support on Windows XP and Vista.", "Standard Edition includes Norton AntiVirus 2001, Norton Utilities 2001, Norton CleanSweep 2001, and Norton Web Services, a free Internet-based service powered by ZDNet Updates for problem solving, self-help, and extended support services. Professional Edition also includes Norton Ghost 2001 and WinFax 10.0 Basic Edition. Made available in August 2001, the 2002 update added Windows XP support. It includes Norton AntiVirus 2002, Norton Utilities 2002, Norton CleanSweep 2002, GoBack 3 Personal Edition, Process Viewer, One Button Checkup. Professional Edition also includes Norton Ghost 2002 and WinFax 10.0 Basic Edition. Released in September 2002, it includes Norton AntiVirus 2003, Norton Utilities, Norton CleanSweep, Web Tools, GoBack 3 Personal Edition, One Button Checkup. Professional Edition adds Norton Ghost 2003, Process Viewer, and PerformanceTest. Released in September 2003, Norton SystemWorks 2004 introduced product activation. It supports Windows 98 and above (up to XP). Tools include Norton AntiVirus 2004, Norton Password Manager, Norton Utilities 2004, Norton CleanSweep 2004, Norton GoBack Personal Edition, Norton Web Tools, One Button Checkup, Web Cleanup and Connection Keep Alive. The Professional Edition \u2013now called Norton SystemWorks 2004 Professional\u2013 adds Norton Ghost, Process Viewer, Performance Test. Released Sept. in 2004, it includes Norton AntiVirus 2005 ( now with Internet Worm Protection, QuickScan), Smith Micro Software Inc.'s CheckIt Diagnostics, Norton Utilities 2005, enhanced version of One Button Checkup, Norton Password Manager, Norton CleanSweep 2005, Norton Cleanup, System Optimizer, Norton GoBack 4.0. Professional Edition is renamed Norton SystemWorks 2005 Premier, it adds Symantec Recovery Disk, Norton Ghost 9.0 to Basic content.", "'Name' opponents were elusive in Norton's early career. His first big break came with a clear win over respected contender Henry Clark. This helped get him his world recognition break when Ali agreed to a match. Joe Frazier, who'd sparred with Norton, presciently said of Ali, \"He'll have plenty of trouble!\" Though both were top boxers in the mid 1970s, Norton and Frazier never fought each other, in part because they shared the same trainer, Eddie Futch, and also that they were friends. For the first match, on March 31, 1973, Muhammad Ali entered the ring at the San Diego Sports Arena wearing a robe given to him by Elvis Presley as a 5-1 favorite versus Ken Norton, then rated a number 6 world contender in a bout televised by ABC's Wide World of Sports. Norton won a 12-round split decision over Ali in his adopted hometown of San Diego to win the NABF heavyweight title. In this bout, Norton broke Ali's jaw (he maintains in round eleven, though Angelo Dundee said it was earlier), leading to only the second defeat for \"The Greatest\" in his career. (Ali's only previous loss was to Joe Frazier, and Ali would later go on to defeat George Foreman to regain the heavyweight title in 1974.) Almost six months later at The Forum in Inglewood, California, on September 10, 1973, Ali avenged the Norton loss but only after he got the return by a split decision. Norton weighed in at 205 lbs (5 pounds lighter than his first match with Ali) and boxing scribes discussed that his preparation was too intense and that perhaps he had overtrained. There were some furious exchanges in this hard-fought battle. From Ali's point of view, a loss here would have seriously dented his claim of ever being \"The Greatest.\"", "Because she continued to train well, they announced that she would race up to four more times, with the Queen Elizabeth Stakes as her last race. On 16 February, Winx (10-1 on) won the Group 2 Apollo Stakes for a record third time, beating second favourite Happy Clapper (10-1) by over two lengths and stablemate Egg Tart into third place. It was her 30th consecutive win. The time of 1:20.88 for 1400m (roughly 7 furlongs) broke the existing race record and was just short of Trapeze Artist's track record of 1:20:33. On 2 March, Winx won the Group 1 Chipping Norton Stakes. For the first time in his career, Happy Clapper took the lead early and held it for most of the race, with a margin over Winx of 7 lengths at the 700m mark. It looked as though he might pull off an upset, but he was chased down late in the stretch by Winx and ran second to her again. \"I think today when you watch the replay, at the 700-meter mark you would have thought she was out of business,\" said Bowman. \" Another jockey may have thought that, but I knew when I balanced up she was going to rally. There was no way Happy Clapper could sustain that speed, and I knew that when she balanced up, she would have the energy required to reel him in.\" It was the 31st consecutive win for Winx, her 23rd Group 1 win, and her fourth Chipping Norton win. Although she had held the record for the number of Group 1 wins on the flat since March 2018, the 23 Group 1 wins moved Winx past Hurricane Fly, a hurdler, for the world wide record from Group/Grade 1 wins regardless of race format.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\""], "answer": {"text": "Norton won a 12-round", "answer_start": 762}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "answer": {"text": "Ali,", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first fight Ali?", "answer": {"text": "March 31, 1973,", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_0_q#3", "question": "What did Ali say in regards to Norton?", "rewrite": "What did Ali say in regards to Norton?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "'Name' opponents were elusive in Norton's early career. His first big break came with a clear win over respected contender Henry Clark. This helped get him his world recognition break when Ali agreed to a match. Joe Frazier, who'd sparred with Norton, presciently said of Ali, \"He'll have plenty of trouble!\" Though both were top boxers in the mid 1970s, Norton and Frazier never fought each other, in part because they shared the same trainer, Eddie Futch, and also that they were friends. For the first match, on March 31, 1973, Muhammad Ali entered the ring at the San Diego Sports Arena wearing a robe given to him by Elvis Presley as a 5-1 favorite versus Ken Norton, then rated a number 6 world contender in a bout televised by ABC's Wide World of Sports. Norton won a 12-round split decision over Ali in his adopted hometown of San Diego to win the NABF heavyweight title. In this bout, Norton broke Ali's jaw (he maintains in round eleven, though Angelo Dundee said it was earlier), leading to only the second defeat for \"The Greatest\" in his career. (Ali's only previous loss was to Joe Frazier, and Ali would later go on to defeat George Foreman to regain the heavyweight title in 1974.) Almost six months later at The Forum in Inglewood, California, on September 10, 1973, Ali avenged the Norton loss but only after he got the return by a split decision. Norton weighed in at 205 lbs (5 pounds lighter than his first match with Ali) and boxing scribes discussed that his preparation was too intense and that perhaps he had overtrained. There were some furious exchanges in this hard-fought battle. From Ali's point of view, a loss here would have seriously dented his claim of ever being \"The Greatest.\"", "Standard Edition includes Norton AntiVirus 2001, Norton Utilities 2001, Norton CleanSweep 2001, and Norton Web Services, a free Internet-based service powered by ZDNet Updates for problem solving, self-help, and extended support services. Professional Edition also includes Norton Ghost 2001 and WinFax 10.0 Basic Edition. Made available in August 2001, the 2002 update added Windows XP support. It includes Norton AntiVirus 2002, Norton Utilities 2002, Norton CleanSweep 2002, GoBack 3 Personal Edition, Process Viewer, One Button Checkup. Professional Edition also includes Norton Ghost 2002 and WinFax 10.0 Basic Edition. Released in September 2002, it includes Norton AntiVirus 2003, Norton Utilities, Norton CleanSweep, Web Tools, GoBack 3 Personal Edition, One Button Checkup. Professional Edition adds Norton Ghost 2003, Process Viewer, and PerformanceTest. Released in September 2003, Norton SystemWorks 2004 introduced product activation. It supports Windows 98 and above (up to XP). Tools include Norton AntiVirus 2004, Norton Password Manager, Norton Utilities 2004, Norton CleanSweep 2004, Norton GoBack Personal Edition, Norton Web Tools, One Button Checkup, Web Cleanup and Connection Keep Alive. The Professional Edition \u2013now called Norton SystemWorks 2004 Professional\u2013 adds Norton Ghost, Process Viewer, Performance Test. Released Sept. in 2004, it includes Norton AntiVirus 2005 ( now with Internet Worm Protection, QuickScan), Smith Micro Software Inc.'s CheckIt Diagnostics, Norton Utilities 2005, enhanced version of One Button Checkup, Norton Password Manager, Norton CleanSweep 2005, Norton Cleanup, System Optimizer, Norton GoBack 4.0. Professional Edition is renamed Norton SystemWorks 2005 Premier, it adds Symantec Recovery Disk, Norton Ghost 9.0 to Basic content.", "Basic Edition includes Norton Disk Doctor, Norton UnErase Wizard (WinXP only), Norton Speed Disk, Norton Cleanup, Norton Startup Manager, Norton WinDoctor, Norton WipeInfo, Process Viewer, System Optimizer, CheckIt Diagnostics, One-Button Checkup, Performance Test (by PassMark software). Standard Edition adds Norton AntiVirus 2009, Norton Antispyware, Norton Antibot, Norton Pulse Updates, Norton Insight, Norton Protection System, Browser Protection over Basic Edition. Premier Edition adds Norton Save & Restore 2.0 over Standard Edition. Most of Norton SystemWorks components can be found in Norton Utilities suite. Norton SystemWorks for Macintosh was first released in November 2000. It included Norton Utilities for Macintosh 6.0, Norton AntiVirus for Macintosh 7.0, LiveUpdate 1.6, Dantz Retrospect Express v4.0.3, Aladdin Spring Cleaning v3.5. Release 1.0 is compatible with G3 iMacs and G4 PowerMacs running Mac OS 8.1 or higher, it also supports Mac OS X Public Beta. Released in October 2001, v2.0 includes Norton SystemWorks 1.0.3 for Mac OS 8.1-9.x, Norton SystemWorks 2.0 for Mac OS X v10.1. Norton SystemWorks 1.0.3 for Mac OS 9.x includes Norton Utilities 6.0.3 which is backwards compatible with System 7.0.2. The OS X portion includes Norton AntiVirus 8.0, Norton Utilities 7.0, Norton Disk Doctor, UnErase, Norton Disk Editor, Norton FileSaver, Norton Disk Editor, Norton Scheduler, LiveUpdate, Auto-Protect, SafeZones.", "Marketed as Norton Utilities 2000, this was the final version to run solely on the Windows 9x platform. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Check, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton Zip Rescue, free 3-month subscription to Norton Web Services. Announced on 29 August 2000, the 2001 edition supports Windows 95, 98, ME, Windows NT and Windows 2000. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, Norton System Doctor, and Norton System Check. Disk tools now supports USB and FireWire drives. In anticipation of major changes to the Norton product lineup, no new features were introduced in this release. NU 2002 introduced Windows XP compatibility while dropping support for Windows 95. Utilities include Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Doctor, Norton UnErase, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information and Wipe Info. For the next six years, Norton Utilities will cease to exist as standalone product, instead becoming part of Norton SystemWorks starting 2003. SystemWorks is essentially an expanded version of Norton Utilities with additional features, antivirus protection and disk backup tool. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2004. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2005. It supports Windows 98 or higher. It includes Norton Protection, Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton System Doctor, UnErase Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information, Wipe Info, Image, Norton File Compare, Norton Registry Editor, Norton Registry Tracker, and Explorer Shell Extension. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2007. The revival of Norton Utilities as standalone software was announced on 3 February 2009, along with the discontinuation of Norton SystemWorks, which it replaces as Symantec's flagship PC tune-up suite. This version added 64-bit support on Windows XP and Vista."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "answer": {"text": "Ali,", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first fight Ali?", "answer": {"text": "March 31, 1973,", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Norton win?", "answer": {"text": "Norton won a 12-round", "answer_start": 762, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_0_q#4", "question": "When did he fight Ali again?", "rewrite": "When did ken norton fight Ali again?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frazier then began landing solidly with both hands to Quarry's head and body, beginning a sickening beat down. Quarry was already on wobbly legs when Frazier dropped with a hard left hook to the stomach just before the bell ending the 4th round. Quarry was visibly injured by the blow, but tried unsuccessfully to continue. The fight continued, with Frazier backing away from Quarry after opening up bad cuts over both eyes. Joe Louis, however, waved Frazier back on. After landing a few more clean head shots, Louis finally stopped the fight early in the 5th round, a one sided thrashing. Louis never refereed another fight. Quarry by now was not the same fighter he used to be, his reflexes and punch resistance were much diminished. But he was still a talented big-name that could attract crowds. He had made millions in the ring without ever being champion at a time when few had ever made that much money in boxing. He continued his television acting work, and had by now briefly helped road-manage the rock band Three Dog Night. After a win in February, 1975, Quarry begged to put in line for a fight with contender Ken Norton. When first choices Oscar Bonavena and Jimmy Young bowed out with injuries, Quarry was placed into the Norton bout on 18 days notice. Norton had been training for five months. The Norton fight was Quarry's 62nd pro fight. Norton, who was about the same age as Quarry, was 32-3. The 6' 3\" Norton weighed 218 for the bout, Quarry 207 with little training beforehand. Clancy was once again in Quarry's corner. The fight took place March 24, 1975. The fight was a war of hard punches, with Norton connecting well early against a Jerry Quarry with shot reflexes, a sitting duck for Norton's vicious attacks.", "However, the right camera sees this line as a line in its image plane. That line (e\u2013x) in the right camera is called an \"epipolar line\". Symmetrically, the line O\u2013X seen by the right camera as a point is seen as epipolar line e\u2013 xby the left camera. An epipolar line is a function of the position of point X in the 3D space, i.e. as X varies, a set of epipolar lines is generated in both images. Since the 3D line O\u2013X passes through the optical center of the lens O, the corresponding epipolar line in the right image must pass through the epipole e (and correspondingly for epipolar lines in the left image). All epipolar lines in one image contain the epipolar point of that image. In fact, any line which contains the epipolar point is an epipolar line since it can be derived from some 3D point X. As an alternative visualization, consider the points X, O & O that form a plane called the \"epipolar plane\". The epipolar plane intersects each camera's image plane where it forms lines\u2014the epipolar lines. All epipolar planes and epipolar lines intersect the epipole regardless of where X is located. If the relative position of the two cameras is known, this leads to two important observations: The epipolar geometry is simplified if the two camera image planes coincide. In this case, the epipolar lines also coincide (E\u2013P = E\u2013P). Furthermore, the epipolar lines are parallel to the line O\u2013O between the centers of projection, and can in practice be aligned with the horizontal axes of the two images.", "Oscar was one of the few people to upstage Ali in pre-fight press conferences. When, much later, he saw Ali seated ringside at the George Foreman \u2013Ken Norton fight, he went over and started a big slanging match. In his pre-fight press conference with Frazier, Bonavena needled effectively by implying that Frazier had a personal hygiene problem. He would start sniffing and grimace. Lawsuits were brought about by reporters with broken cameras; and other such \"colorful\" behavior. He was always volatile, as trainers soon discovered. Bonavena first came to wide public attention after a fine performance defeating rated contender and Canadian champion George Chuvalo, boxing technically better than expected and later going the distance against the young hard-hitting great Joe Frazier. In this their first fight, Bonavena had the future champion down twice in the second round before Frazier rallied to win by decision in the 10th round. In 1967, after the World Boxing Association stripped Muhammad Ali of the title for refusing to be inducted into the U.S. military, Bonavena participated in that sanctioning body's 1967 tournament to crown a new heavyweight champion. In a strong performance he decked favoured European champion Karl Mildenberger four times, winning by a decision in Frankfurt, West Germany. But he was himself knocked down twice and clearly outboxed by eventual tournament winner Jimmy Ellis in the semi-finals in Louisville, losing by unanimous decision in an upset. Many deemed it the best win of Ellis's career. Incidentally, Bonavena had been scheduled to fight Ali in Tokyo in May 1967, but the bout was not to be when Ali was stripped of his title. They'd match later. The following year, in 1968, after outpointing Leotis Martin, he got a rematch with Frazier for the heavyweight title in Philadelphia.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan."], "answer": {"text": "1974.", "answer_start": 1191}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "answer": {"text": "Ali,", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first fight Ali?", "answer": {"text": "March 31, 1973,", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Norton win?", "answer": {"text": "Norton won a 12-round", "answer_start": 762, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ali say in regards to Norton?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_0_q#5", "question": "Did Norton win ?", "rewrite": "Did Norton win against ali?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["'Name' opponents were elusive in Norton's early career. His first big break came with a clear win over respected contender Henry Clark. This helped get him his world recognition break when Ali agreed to a match. Joe Frazier, who'd sparred with Norton, presciently said of Ali, \"He'll have plenty of trouble!\" Though both were top boxers in the mid 1970s, Norton and Frazier never fought each other, in part because they shared the same trainer, Eddie Futch, and also that they were friends. For the first match, on March 31, 1973, Muhammad Ali entered the ring at the San Diego Sports Arena wearing a robe given to him by Elvis Presley as a 5-1 favorite versus Ken Norton, then rated a number 6 world contender in a bout televised by ABC's Wide World of Sports. Norton won a 12-round split decision over Ali in his adopted hometown of San Diego to win the NABF heavyweight title. In this bout, Norton broke Ali's jaw (he maintains in round eleven, though Angelo Dundee said it was earlier), leading to only the second defeat for \"The Greatest\" in his career. (Ali's only previous loss was to Joe Frazier, and Ali would later go on to defeat George Foreman to regain the heavyweight title in 1974.) Almost six months later at The Forum in Inglewood, California, on September 10, 1973, Ali avenged the Norton loss but only after he got the return by a split decision. Norton weighed in at 205 lbs (5 pounds lighter than his first match with Ali) and boxing scribes discussed that his preparation was too intense and that perhaps he had overtrained. There were some furious exchanges in this hard-fought battle. From Ali's point of view, a loss here would have seriously dented his claim of ever being \"The Greatest.\"", "Standard Edition includes Norton AntiVirus 2001, Norton Utilities 2001, Norton CleanSweep 2001, and Norton Web Services, a free Internet-based service powered by ZDNet Updates for problem solving, self-help, and extended support services. Professional Edition also includes Norton Ghost 2001 and WinFax 10.0 Basic Edition. Made available in August 2001, the 2002 update added Windows XP support. It includes Norton AntiVirus 2002, Norton Utilities 2002, Norton CleanSweep 2002, GoBack 3 Personal Edition, Process Viewer, One Button Checkup. Professional Edition also includes Norton Ghost 2002 and WinFax 10.0 Basic Edition. Released in September 2002, it includes Norton AntiVirus 2003, Norton Utilities, Norton CleanSweep, Web Tools, GoBack 3 Personal Edition, One Button Checkup. Professional Edition adds Norton Ghost 2003, Process Viewer, and PerformanceTest. Released in September 2003, Norton SystemWorks 2004 introduced product activation. It supports Windows 98 and above (up to XP). Tools include Norton AntiVirus 2004, Norton Password Manager, Norton Utilities 2004, Norton CleanSweep 2004, Norton GoBack Personal Edition, Norton Web Tools, One Button Checkup, Web Cleanup and Connection Keep Alive. The Professional Edition \u2013now called Norton SystemWorks 2004 Professional\u2013 adds Norton Ghost, Process Viewer, Performance Test. Released Sept. in 2004, it includes Norton AntiVirus 2005 ( now with Internet Worm Protection, QuickScan), Smith Micro Software Inc.'s CheckIt Diagnostics, Norton Utilities 2005, enhanced version of One Button Checkup, Norton Password Manager, Norton CleanSweep 2005, Norton Cleanup, System Optimizer, Norton GoBack 4.0. Professional Edition is renamed Norton SystemWorks 2005 Premier, it adds Symantec Recovery Disk, Norton Ghost 9.0 to Basic content.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "Because she continued to train well, they announced that she would race up to four more times, with the Queen Elizabeth Stakes as her last race. On 16 February, Winx (10-1 on) won the Group 2 Apollo Stakes for a record third time, beating second favourite Happy Clapper (10-1) by over two lengths and stablemate Egg Tart into third place. It was her 30th consecutive win. The time of 1:20.88 for 1400m (roughly 7 furlongs) broke the existing race record and was just short of Trapeze Artist's track record of 1:20:33. On 2 March, Winx won the Group 1 Chipping Norton Stakes. For the first time in his career, Happy Clapper took the lead early and held it for most of the race, with a margin over Winx of 7 lengths at the 700m mark. It looked as though he might pull off an upset, but he was chased down late in the stretch by Winx and ran second to her again. \"I think today when you watch the replay, at the 700-meter mark you would have thought she was out of business,\" said Bowman. \" Another jockey may have thought that, but I knew when I balanced up she was going to rally. There was no way Happy Clapper could sustain that speed, and I knew that when she balanced up, she would have the energy required to reel him in.\" It was the 31st consecutive win for Winx, her 23rd Group 1 win, and her fourth Chipping Norton win. Although she had held the record for the number of Group 1 wins on the flat since March 2018, the 23 Group 1 wins moved Winx past Hurricane Fly, a hurdler, for the world wide record from Group/Grade 1 wins regardless of race format.", "Marketed as Norton Utilities 2000, this was the final version to run solely on the Windows 9x platform. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Check, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton Zip Rescue, free 3-month subscription to Norton Web Services. Announced on 29 August 2000, the 2001 edition supports Windows 95, 98, ME, Windows NT and Windows 2000. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, Norton System Doctor, and Norton System Check. Disk tools now supports USB and FireWire drives. In anticipation of major changes to the Norton product lineup, no new features were introduced in this release. NU 2002 introduced Windows XP compatibility while dropping support for Windows 95. Utilities include Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Doctor, Norton UnErase, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information and Wipe Info. For the next six years, Norton Utilities will cease to exist as standalone product, instead becoming part of Norton SystemWorks starting 2003. SystemWorks is essentially an expanded version of Norton Utilities with additional features, antivirus protection and disk backup tool. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2004. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2005. It supports Windows 98 or higher. It includes Norton Protection, Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton System Doctor, UnErase Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information, Wipe Info, Image, Norton File Compare, Norton Registry Editor, Norton Registry Tracker, and Explorer Shell Extension. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2007. The revival of Norton Utilities as standalone software was announced on 3 February 2009, along with the discontinuation of Norton SystemWorks, which it replaces as Symantec's flagship PC tune-up suite. This version added 64-bit support on Windows XP and Vista."], "answer": {"text": "Ali would later go on to defeat", "answer_start": 1109}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "answer": {"text": "Ali,", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first fight Ali?", "answer": {"text": "March 31, 1973,", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Norton win?", "answer": {"text": "Norton won a 12-round", "answer_start": 762, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ali say in regards to Norton?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he fight Ali again?", "answer": {"text": "1974.", "answer_start": 1191, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_0_q#6", "question": "Was Norton injured during either fight?", "rewrite": "Was Norton injured during either fight with ali?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["'Name' opponents were elusive in Norton's early career. His first big break came with a clear win over respected contender Henry Clark. This helped get him his world recognition break when Ali agreed to a match. Joe Frazier, who'd sparred with Norton, presciently said of Ali, \"He'll have plenty of trouble!\" Though both were top boxers in the mid 1970s, Norton and Frazier never fought each other, in part because they shared the same trainer, Eddie Futch, and also that they were friends. For the first match, on March 31, 1973, Muhammad Ali entered the ring at the San Diego Sports Arena wearing a robe given to him by Elvis Presley as a 5-1 favorite versus Ken Norton, then rated a number 6 world contender in a bout televised by ABC's Wide World of Sports. Norton won a 12-round split decision over Ali in his adopted hometown of San Diego to win the NABF heavyweight title. In this bout, Norton broke Ali's jaw (he maintains in round eleven, though Angelo Dundee said it was earlier), leading to only the second defeat for \"The Greatest\" in his career. (Ali's only previous loss was to Joe Frazier, and Ali would later go on to defeat George Foreman to regain the heavyweight title in 1974.) Almost six months later at The Forum in Inglewood, California, on September 10, 1973, Ali avenged the Norton loss but only after he got the return by a split decision. Norton weighed in at 205 lbs (5 pounds lighter than his first match with Ali) and boxing scribes discussed that his preparation was too intense and that perhaps he had overtrained. There were some furious exchanges in this hard-fought battle. From Ali's point of view, a loss here would have seriously dented his claim of ever being \"The Greatest.\"", "As the fight progressed Foreman's eyes became puffy and his punches lost their menace. For the rest of the contest, Foreman continued to move forward, trying to cut off the ring and looking for the big knock out, while taking punches from the elusive Young. In the final round Young managed a knockdown over Foreman, and earned a unanimous win by 12-round decision. \" The Ring\" named the Young-Foreman bout its 1977 \"Fight of the Year\". Jimmy Young joined Ali as the only two men to ever beat George Foreman before his first retirement in 1977. Now the number 2 contender, Young's next fight was a mandatory world title eliminator against Ken Norton, the number 1 contender. Young had won five straight since his loss to Ali. Young lost the Norton match that occurred on November 1977 at Caesar's Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada, in a controversial split decision. Many observers watching in attendance felt Young should have been declared the winner. While Young boxed cleverly, drawing Norton onto sneak right hand punches, Norton himself pressed forward dangerously, always his best style. The two had sparred when Norton trained for his second Ali match. Norton had found shots thrown first to the head rarely landed so he used a heavy two-handed attack pounding away to the ribs, then lobbing powerful head shots. The fight was set at 15 rounds. Although this was unusual for a non-title match, the format was adopted due to the bout's importance as an eliminator. Due to the importance of the fight, which was later retro-designated as a WBC title match, a large crowd gathered to watch the bout including then world champion Muhammad Ali.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "Marketed as Norton Utilities 2000, this was the final version to run solely on the Windows 9x platform. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Check, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton Zip Rescue, free 3-month subscription to Norton Web Services. Announced on 29 August 2000, the 2001 edition supports Windows 95, 98, ME, Windows NT and Windows 2000. It includes Norton Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, Norton System Doctor, and Norton System Check. Disk tools now supports USB and FireWire drives. In anticipation of major changes to the Norton product lineup, no new features were introduced in this release. NU 2002 introduced Windows XP compatibility while dropping support for Windows 95. Utilities include Norton Speed Disk, Norton System Doctor, Norton UnErase, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information and Wipe Info. For the next six years, Norton Utilities will cease to exist as standalone product, instead becoming part of Norton SystemWorks starting 2003. SystemWorks is essentially an expanded version of Norton Utilities with additional features, antivirus protection and disk backup tool. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2004. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2005. It supports Windows 98 or higher. It includes Norton Protection, Speed Disk, Norton Optimization Wizard, Norton System Doctor, UnErase Wizard, Norton Disk Doctor, Norton WinDoctor, System Information, Wipe Info, Image, Norton File Compare, Norton Registry Editor, Norton Registry Tracker, and Explorer Shell Extension. It was only included with Norton SystemWorks 2007. The revival of Norton Utilities as standalone software was announced on 3 February 2009, along with the discontinuation of Norton SystemWorks, which it replaces as Symantec's flagship PC tune-up suite. This version added 64-bit support on Windows XP and Vista.", "Kurem\u00f8llen Kurem\u00f8llen is a wooden smock mill located west of Svaneke on the Danish island of Bornholm. Built in 1861, it remained in service until 1960. Christian Sommer, the current owner's grandfather, built the windmill in 1861 for himself after having constructed nearby Svanem\u00f8llen for a group of Svaneke citizens a few years earlier. Kurem\u00f8llen was not as impressive as Svanem\u00f8llen: it was a bit smaller and had a boat-shaped cap rather than an onion top. It was also finished with wooden planks rather than with oak shingles. When his son Emil took the mill over in 1900, he undertook a number of improvements: first an engine, then he added self-adjusting flaps (1903) and finally opened a bakery (1912). He also replaced the cap with an onion top and added an automatic yaw system with a wind rose. In 1930 the engine was replaced and, in 1940, a new beam was installed together with new sails. From 1943, the mill was run by Christian Sommer who terminated its operation in the 1950s but continued to run the bakery until 1976. In 1978, the association, Kurem\u00f8llens Venner, was founded to take care of the mill's upkeep. They spent several years restoring the windmill, adding a new tail, repairing the shaft and the sails, and more recently recladding the tower and having the engine repaired. When the tarpaulin was renewed in 1993, it became clear that the mill had once a shingle cladding for a number of years, probably in the very beginning of the 20th century. The mill is open to visitors during the summer months."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is Ali referring to Mohammed Ali?", "answer": {"text": "Ali,", "answer_start": 272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first fight Ali?", "answer": {"text": "March 31, 1973,", "answer_start": 515, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Norton win?", "answer": {"text": "Norton won a 12-round", "answer_start": 762, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ali say in regards to Norton?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he fight Ali again?", "answer": {"text": "1974.", "answer_start": 1191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Norton win ?", "answer": {"text": "Ali would later go on to defeat", "answer_start": 1109, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_1_q#0", "question": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "rewrite": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "Ken Norton (disambiguation)  Ken Norton (1943\u20132013) was an American professional boxer. Ken Norton may also refer to:", "Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw.", "Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was a boxing match that took place on June 11, 1982. It was one of the most highly anticipated fights of the early 1980s. Larry Holmes had been the WBC heavyweight champion since 1978, when he beat Ken Norton by a fifteen-round split decision at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Over the course of his illustrious career, on the way to almost tying the great Rocky Marciano's record of 49-0, losing in the 49th fight, a decision to the \"Jinx\" Michael Spinks, fought such fighters as Ossie Ocasio, Mike Weaver, Trevor Berbick, Leon Spinks and, most notably, Muhammad Ali. Gerry Cooney, on the other hand, had been a professional fighter since 1977, and he was able to beat boxers such as Jimmy Young and others. The turning point of his career came when he beat Ken Norton, in May 1981, by knockout in round one at the Madison Square Garden in New York. Anticipation over a Holmes-Cooney confrontation began to take shape in early 1981, but the fight took over a year to happen, partly because 1981 in particular was a very busy year for boxing with many other big fights, partly because Holmes was obliged to defend against Berbick, Spinks and Renaldo Snipes in that order. Cooney only had one fight in 1981, against Norton. Holmes-Cooney was originally scheduled for March 1982, but was postponed until June when Cooney injured his back in training. By 1982, promoter Don King and manager Dennis Rappaport began one of the most massive and racially toned campaigns in boxing history to raise public interest for a fight between Holmes and Cooney. After they were both signed to fight, an intense promotional tour followed.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\""], "answer": {"text": "Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_1_q#1", "question": "who were some of his wins over?", "rewrite": "who were some of Ken Norton's wins over?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 1990, he became a full-time starter when Solomon held out and was eventually traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. A knee injury sidelined him for the last two games of the season. In 1991, he bounced back from knee surgery and was used at strongside linebacker and middle linebacker during that season, eventually settling in at the middle linebacker spot. In 1992, he blossomed as a player and became the leader of the defense, leading the team in tackles with 120 and helping the Cowboys win their first Super Bowl in the 90's. That year the Cowboys had the number one defense in the league, but no player was voted to the Pro Bowl. He also started doing his trademarked punching of the goal posts or the air, after making good plays. A tribute to his father, the one time boxing heavyweight champion of the world, Ken Norton. In 1993, he had to play through a torn biceps injury, but still managed to lead the team in tackles with 159, helping the Cowboys win their second straight Super Bowl. He was also selected to his first Pro Bowl. Norton played in Dallas between 1988 and 1993, assisting the Cowboys to victory in Super Bowl XXVII and Super Bowl XXVIII. Norton scored a touchdown on a fumble recovery in the fourth quarter of Super Bowl XXVII, helping to seal a Cowboys victory. In 1994 when a salary cap was instituted in the NFL, the Cowboys organization felt they could find linebackers through the draft, without the need of paying a premium and adversely impacting the salary cap, so they allowed talented and productive players like Ken Norton Jr., Darrin Smith, Dixon Edwards, and Robert Jones to leave via free agency, instead of signing them into long-term contracts.", "Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw.", "Ken Norton (disambiguation)  Ken Norton (1943\u20132013) was an American professional boxer. Ken Norton may also refer to:", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\""], "answer": {"text": "Muhammad Ali", "answer_start": 753}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "answer": {"text": "Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Ken Norton winning against Muhammad Ali, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks was a professional boxing match contested on February 15, 1978 in Las Vegas, Nevada for the Undisputed Heavyweight Championship. After his unanimous decision victory against Earnie Shavers, Muhammad Ali decided to face 1976 Olympic Gold medalist Leon Spinks, knowing that he'd have to face Ken Norton for the fourth time or lose his WBC belt, after the No 1 ranked Norton beat No 2 ranked Jimmy Young in a title eliminator in November 1977. The 10\u20131 underdog Spinks ended up winning two of the scorecards 145\u2013140 and 144\u2013141, while the third was 142\u2013143 giving him a split decision win. Spinks became the Undisputed Heavyweight Champion after only eight professional bouts, and the only man ever to defeat Ali in a title match. This bout was named the Ring Magazine upset of the year. \"Sports Illustrated\" covered the bout, and with that historic upset put Leon Spinks on the magazine cover. Spinks was later stripped of his WBC heavyweight title for refusing to fight no. 1 contender Norton. Instead, Spinks signed for a rematch with Ali at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. The rematch took place on September 15, 1978, for the World Boxing Association and Lineal Heavyweight Champion titles. Ali regained the title with a Unanimous Decision over Spinks. Confirmed bouts:", "Facing Ali Facing Ali is a 2009 documentary directed by Pete McCormack about Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. in Louisville, Kentucky) as told from the perspectives of some of the notable opponents he faced during his career: George Chuvalo, Sir Henry Cooper, George Foreman, \"Smokin Joe Frazier, Larry Holmes (a former sparring partner of Ali), Ron Lyle, Ken Norton, Earnie Shavers, Leon Spinks and Ernie Terrell. Production is credited to Canadian producer Derik Murray and his company, Network Entertainment, and to Lions Gate Entertainment and Spike Sports in association with Muhammad Ali Enterprises. The fighters discuss their bouts against Muhammad Ali as well as their own lives and careers; Ali's fights against other opponents; his conversion to Islam and the assumption of the name Muhammad Ali; his relationship with the Nation of Islam organization (frequently referred to as the \"black Muslims\"), its leader, Elijah Muhammad (who bestowed Ali with his new name after he was briefly called Cassius X), and the Nation of Islam's most prominent minister, Malcolm X; Ali's refusal to be inducted into the United States Army to serve in the ongoing Vietnam War in 1967 on moral and religious grounds; the decision by the New York State Athletic Commission to strip him of his championship; his legal case and his reinstatement after the favorable June 28, 1970 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Justices decided 8\u20130 (with Thurgood Marshall abstaining), that \"... for the reasons stated, that the Department [of Justice] was simply wrong as a matter of law in advising that the petitioner's beliefs were not religiously based and were not sincerely held\". Sonny Liston, who died in 1970, appears in archival footage."], "answer": {"text": "he suffered a surprise defeat, ironically just after The Ring magazine had profiled him", "answer_start": 175}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "answer": {"text": "Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were some of his wins over?", "answer": {"text": "Muhammad Ali", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_1_q#3", "question": "profiled him as what?", "rewrite": "The Ring magazine profiled Ken Norton as what?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks Muhammad Ali vs. Leon Spinks was a professional boxing match contested on February 15, 1978 in Las Vegas, Nevada for the Undisputed Heavyweight Championship. After his unanimous decision victory against Earnie Shavers, Muhammad Ali decided to face 1976 Olympic Gold medalist Leon Spinks, knowing that he'd have to face Ken Norton for the fourth time or lose his WBC belt, after the No 1 ranked Norton beat No 2 ranked Jimmy Young in a title eliminator in November 1977. The 10\u20131 underdog Spinks ended up winning two of the scorecards 145\u2013140 and 144\u2013141, while the third was 142\u2013143 giving him a split decision win. Spinks became the Undisputed Heavyweight Champion after only eight professional bouts, and the only man ever to defeat Ali in a title match. This bout was named the Ring Magazine upset of the year. \"Sports Illustrated\" covered the bout, and with that historic upset put Leon Spinks on the magazine cover. Spinks was later stripped of his WBC heavyweight title for refusing to fight no. 1 contender Norton. Instead, Spinks signed for a rematch with Ali at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. The rematch took place on September 15, 1978, for the World Boxing Association and Lineal Heavyweight Champion titles. Ali regained the title with a Unanimous Decision over Spinks. Confirmed bouts:", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw.", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "Ken Norton (disambiguation)  Ken Norton (1943\u20132013) was an American professional boxer. Ken Norton may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "him as a prospect, at the hands of heavy hitting Venezuelan boxer Jose Luis Garcia in 1970.", "answer_start": 259}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "answer": {"text": "Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were some of his wins over?", "answer": {"text": "Muhammad Ali", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he suffered a surprise defeat, ironically just after The Ring magazine had profiled him", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_1_q#4", "question": "did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "did Ken Norton win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ken Norton (disambiguation)  Ken Norton (1943\u20132013) was an American professional boxer. Ken Norton may also refer to:", "Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw.", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "In 1990, he became a full-time starter when Solomon held out and was eventually traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. A knee injury sidelined him for the last two games of the season. In 1991, he bounced back from knee surgery and was used at strongside linebacker and middle linebacker during that season, eventually settling in at the middle linebacker spot. In 1992, he blossomed as a player and became the leader of the defense, leading the team in tackles with 120 and helping the Cowboys win their first Super Bowl in the 90's. That year the Cowboys had the number one defense in the league, but no player was voted to the Pro Bowl. He also started doing his trademarked punching of the goal posts or the air, after making good plays. A tribute to his father, the one time boxing heavyweight champion of the world, Ken Norton. In 1993, he had to play through a torn biceps injury, but still managed to lead the team in tackles with 159, helping the Cowboys win their second straight Super Bowl. He was also selected to his first Pro Bowl. Norton played in Dallas between 1988 and 1993, assisting the Cowboys to victory in Super Bowl XXVII and Super Bowl XXVIII. Norton scored a touchdown on a fumble recovery in the fourth quarter of Super Bowl XXVII, helping to seal a Cowboys victory. In 1994 when a salary cap was instituted in the NFL, the Cowboys organization felt they could find linebackers through the draft, without the need of paying a premium and adversely impacting the salary cap, so they allowed talented and productive players like Ken Norton Jr., Darrin Smith, Dixon Edwards, and Robert Jones to leave via free agency, instead of signing them into long-term contracts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "answer": {"text": "Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were some of his wins over?", "answer": {"text": "Muhammad Ali", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he suffered a surprise defeat, ironically just after The Ring magazine had profiled him", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "profiled him as what?", "answer": {"text": "him as a prospect, at the hands of heavy hitting Venezuelan boxer Jose Luis Garcia in 1970.", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_1_q#5", "question": "was he married?", "rewrite": "was Ken Norton married?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frank Packer's launch of the Sunday Telegraph in 1939 undermined the viability of the Sydney \"Truth\" and he attempted to fight back by establishing a daily paper to compete with the \"Telegraph\" and \"The Sun\" in which he succeeded despite wartime paper rationing. Frank Packer and Ezra Norton were bitter rivals in business for many years. On Derby Day 1939, Ezra Norton and Frank Packer fought it out literally, with fists, in the members' enclosure at Randwick Racecourse. Norton gained a licence from the Minister for Trade and Customs, Eric Harrison to launch the \"Daily Mirror\" in Sydney in 1941. Ezra Norton was awarded the Coronation Medal in May 1937 for Commerce. In 1957, Ezra Norton's horse \"Straight Draw\" won the Melbourne Cup. In October 1958, Norton and his partners sold their newspapers to the Fairfax group from whom they were acquired by Rupert Murdoch in 1959. Norton was incensed by the content of a Cyril Pearl book highly critical of Norton's deceased father, and was \"widely believed\" to have lobbied the NSW State Government for changes that in 1958 extended defamation law to cover the reputation of the dead. Although Ezra Norton retained some business interests, by 1960 he had virtually retired from the business world. He resided at a waterfront mansion at Vaucluse until his death in 1967. In 1922, Norton married an English war widow, Lillian Mary (Molly) Willoughby \"(1892-1952)\". Molly was a 29-year-old dancing teacher. He also adopted her infant son, \"John Stanley Norton\". They were happily married for 30 years until \"Molly Norton\" died suddenly on 20 March 1952. The following year on 11 June 1953, Norton married Emma Georgina (Peggy) Morrison \"(1915-2008)\" and they had one child, a daughter, \"Mary Norton\". \" (Born 1955) \"", "Ken Norton (disambiguation)  Ken Norton (1943\u20132013) was an American professional boxer. Ken Norton may also refer to:", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan.", "Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "answer": {"text": "Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were some of his wins over?", "answer": {"text": "Muhammad Ali", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he suffered a surprise defeat, ironically just after The Ring magazine had profiled him", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "profiled him as what?", "answer": {"text": "him as a prospect, at the hands of heavy hitting Venezuelan boxer Jose Luis Garcia in 1970.", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fb1a0fc39fc46c18283c08c5af456ec_1_q#6", "question": "did he have family?", "rewrite": "did Ken Norton have family?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1990, he became a full-time starter when Solomon held out and was eventually traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. A knee injury sidelined him for the last two games of the season. In 1991, he bounced back from knee surgery and was used at strongside linebacker and middle linebacker during that season, eventually settling in at the middle linebacker spot. In 1992, he blossomed as a player and became the leader of the defense, leading the team in tackles with 120 and helping the Cowboys win their first Super Bowl in the 90's. That year the Cowboys had the number one defense in the league, but no player was voted to the Pro Bowl. He also started doing his trademarked punching of the goal posts or the air, after making good plays. A tribute to his father, the one time boxing heavyweight champion of the world, Ken Norton. In 1993, he had to play through a torn biceps injury, but still managed to lead the team in tackles with 159, helping the Cowboys win their second straight Super Bowl. He was also selected to his first Pro Bowl. Norton played in Dallas between 1988 and 1993, assisting the Cowboys to victory in Super Bowl XXVII and Super Bowl XXVIII. Norton scored a touchdown on a fumble recovery in the fourth quarter of Super Bowl XXVII, helping to seal a Cowboys victory. In 1994 when a salary cap was instituted in the NFL, the Cowboys organization felt they could find linebackers through the draft, without the need of paying a premium and adversely impacting the salary cap, so they allowed talented and productive players like Ken Norton Jr., Darrin Smith, Dixon Edwards, and Robert Jones to leave via free agency, instead of signing them into long-term contracts.", "Scott LeDoux Alan Scott LeDoux, nicknamed \"The Fighting Frenchman,\" (January 7, 1949 \u2013 August 11, 2011) was a politician, professional heavyweight boxer, professional wrestler and referee. LeDoux began his professional boxing career in 1974. His first boxing match was a knockout victory over Arthur Pullens. LeDoux's final bout in 1983 was a technical knockout loss to Frank Bruno. LeDoux retired with a record of 33-13-4 (22 knockouts). LeDoux's opponents included Ken Norton, Ron Lyle, Gerrie Coetzee, Leon Spinks, Greg Page, Frank Bruno, George Foreman, Mike Weaver, and Larry Holmes. In his match with Leon Spinks, LeDoux earned a 'draw', just months before Spinks defeated Ali. He also knocked off broadcaster Howard Cosell's toupee in a scuffle that followed a losing effort with Johnny Boudreaux. LeDoux insisted the fight was fixed by Don King and he ranted to Cosell to \"Tell it like it is\" mimicking Cosell's famous catch phrase. A pushing match ensued and in the process, Cosell's headset along with his toupee was dislodged by an errant LeDoux shove in front of live ABC cameras. Cosell quickly retrieved his hair from the floor and replaced it on top of his head. LeDoux also took part in a five round exhibition match with Muhammad Ali. LeDoux over the course of his career also sparred with Mike Tyson and Lennox Lewis. LeDoux's best achievements were that he scored draws against Leon Spinks and an ageing Ken Norton. He nearly knocked out a past his peak Ken Norton in round ten, when after some confusion as to whether the ref had signalled the fight over or not it was declared a draw.", "Ken Norton (disambiguation)  Ken Norton (1943\u20132013) was an American professional boxer. Ken Norton may also refer to:", "Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton Muhammad Ali fought three professional boxing matches against Ken Norton between 1973 and 1976. Ali won the series 2\u20131. Still rebuilding a winning record after his first professional loss to Joe Frazier, Ali faced Norton on March 31, 1973, at the Sports Arena, San Diego, California. The fight was aired live on free TV in the United States via ABC. The fight against Norton started a years-long rivalry. Ali was outmaneuvered by Norton's unorthodox fighting style, which involved jabbing from below and crossing his hands for defence. As the final bell rang, Norton won on a split decision, igniting a controversy in the boxing world. Soon after the fight, Ali was treated in hospital for a broken jaw, an injury sustained in the first round of the fight. On September 10, 1973, Ali and Norton met at the Forum, Inglewood, California, USA, for their highly anticipated rematch. Norton was in superb shape going into the second fight while Ali took to training at his training camp in Deer Lake, Pennsylvania, where he \"sought to whip his once Adonis-like physique back into shape.\" As the fight began, both Ali and Norton appeared in shape and energetic. However, Ali demonstrated his physical stamina by skipping without pause and standing between rounds. Norton came out aggressively in the beginning of the fifth round, leading with a barrage of jabs and pushing Ali to a more defensive posture. In the final round, Ali dominated with a series of combinations. Though the match was close, Ali ended up winning the split with 2 votes to 1. Although Ali had demonstrated the physical stamina for which he had become known, he admitted, \"I'm tireder than usual, because of my age.\"", "George Foreman vs. Ken Norton George Foreman vs. Ken Norton, billed as \"The Caracas Caper\", was a professional boxing match contested on March 26, 1974 for the WBA, WBC and \"The Ring\" heavyweight championships. Undefeated heavyweight champion George Foreman had little trouble in his two fights the previous year. First he captured the WBA and WBC heavyweight titles after dominating Joe Frazier, scoring six knockdowns in less than two rounds in an easy technical knockout victory in January 1973. Foreman would follow this by making his first defense against Jose \"King\" Roman in Tokyo in September of that year, easily winning the bout by first-round knockout. For his second defense, Foreman was matched up against Ken Norton for a March 1974 bout held in Caracas, the capital and largest city in Venezuela. Norton was coming off two successive fights against Muhammad Ali in 1973, winning the first fight in March by split decision (famously breaking Ali's jaw in the process), and then narrowly losing the second by another split decision in September. Norton's impressive performances against Ali made him one of the top heavyweight contenders for Foreman's titles, but the future hall-of-famer was installed as a 3\u20131 underdog against the hard-hitting champion and given little chance of obtaining a victory. A week before the fight had happened, promoter Don King, banking on a victory by Foreman, had already inked a deal that would see Foreman make his next defense against Ali in the \"Rumble in the Jungle.\" A 3 to 1 underdog, Norton was back in a familiar position, promised less money than Foreman ($200,000 to the $500,000 George was guaranteed), and deemed a solid underdog to the hard-slugging Texan."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was Ken Norton's professional career?", "answer": {"text": "Norton built up a steady string of wins, some against journeyman fighters and others over fringe contenders", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were some of his wins over?", "answer": {"text": "Muhammad Ali", "answer_start": 753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he suffered a surprise defeat, ironically just after The Ring magazine had profiled him", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "profiled him as what?", "answer": {"text": "him as a prospect, at the hands of heavy hitting Venezuelan boxer Jose Luis Garcia in 1970.", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebdcef4f55a44ee8b6adfbf8d9188ade_1_q#0", "question": "When did Tori Amos release a live album?", "rewrite": "When did Tori Amos release a live album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tori Amos: Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 is a VHS cassette of all of Tori Amos's videos from \"Little Earthquakes\" through \"From the Choirgirl Hotel\", with the exception of \"Professional Widow\". The video collection was released in a standard-size hard plastic VHS case and a large soft plastic VHS case (with the same catalogue number). The video collection runs approximately 75 minutes and was released by Atlantic Records \"Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998\" was RIAA certified Gold in March 1999", "Tori Amos discography Tori Amos is an American pianist and singer-songwriter whose musical career began in 1980, at the age of seventeen, when she and her brother co-wrote the song \"Baltimore\". The song was selected as the winning song in a contest for the Baltimore Orioles and was recorded and pressed locally as a 7\" single. From 1984\u201389, Amos fronted the synth-pop band Y Kant Tori Read, which released one self-titled album with Atlantic Records in 1988 before breaking up. Shortly thereafter, Amos began writing and recording material that would serve as the debut of her solo career. Still signed with Atlantic, and its UK counterpart East West, Amos' initial solo material was rejected by the label in 1990. Under the guidance of co-producers Eric Rosse, Davitt Sigerson and Ian Stanley, a second version of the album was created and accepted by the label the following year. Amos' solo career began in October 1991 with the UK release of the \"Me and a Gun\" EP. The following month, after the first track on the EP was receiving more airplay than the title track, the label reissued the EP with the same artwork, but changed the title to \"Silent All These Years\". Although the second version of the EP reached only number 51 on the UK chart, BBC Radio 1 picked it as \"Record of the Week\", which helped Amos get her initial exposure. Her debut solo album, \"Little Earthquakes\", was released two months later in January 1992. The album peaked at number 14 on the UK Albums Chart and at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Upon its release, the album received mostly positive reviews and was labeled an important album that kick-started the female singer-songwriter movement of the 1990s.", "To Venus and Back To Venus and Back, the fifth album released by singer and songwriter Tori Amos, is a two-disc album set including a studio album and a live album. The first disc, titled \"Venus: Orbiting\", features eleven original songs that find Amos experimenting heavily in electronica. It spawned the singles \"Bliss\", \"1000 Oceans\", \"Glory of the 80's\" (Australia, the United Kingdom, and Europe only), and \"Concertina\" (US only). The second disc, \"Venus Live: Still Orbiting\", is a thirteen-track album compiling live tracks recorded from her \"Plugged '98\" tour. This is the first official live release of Amos's career. \" To Venus and Back\", which began life as a proposed B-sides album, is sparser both in production and arrangement than \"From the Choirgirl Hotel\", but is similar to its predecessor in that it features overt electronica influences and a relatively subdued piano sound. The album finds Amos's voice and piano subverted in a sonic maze of electronic washes and effects, and some songs, notably \"Ju\u00e1rez\" and the epic \"D\u0101tura\" are largely built around these effects. Topics covered on the album include unsolved murdered female maquiladora workers in Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez on the US\u2013Mexico border, hallucinogenic plants, and Napoleon Bonaparte. In November 1999, Tori Amos was quoted by Pulse Magazine as saying that this record says a lot about the shadows and the shadow world. The studio disc of \" To Venus and Back\" is recognized as one of Amos's most experimental yet melodic, and received mixed reviews.", "Strange Little Girl \"Strange Little Girl\" is a song by the Stranglers, originally written in 1974 and re-recorded and released in the UK in 1982 as their last single while signed to Liberty Records (part of EMI). By the time of release, the band had already decided to leave the label for Epic Records, and this last single was part of the severance deal, along with the compilation album, \"The Collection 1977-1982\". The band showed their talent for mischief in releasing \"Strange Little Girl\" as their last single on the label when they revealed that it had originally been written in 1974, and submitted to EMI years before the band had a recording contract. EMI had rejected the band on the basis of that demo. \" Strange Little Girl\" went on to peak at No. 7 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1982. The music video featured the band and a group of girl punks in London, and was shot around Cambridge Circus and Liverpool Street. The version by Tori Amos, was released as the first and only single from her 2001 album \"Strange Little Girls\". German single   The single for \"Strange Little Girl\" was never released outside of Germany. Unlike some of her other previously rare tracks, the two B-sides for the single (\"Only Women Bleed\" and \"After All\") were not included on the Tori Amos compilation \"A Piano: The Collection\", and have yet to appear on any other Tori Amos release to date. A music video was filmed for \"Strange Little Girl\". However, it has never been released officially (this is one of two videos that were excluded from her music video collection, \"Fade to Red\", the other being \"Glory of the '80s\"). The video takes place in a sort of crop field, with a young girl being chased by a wolf.", "Y Kant Tori Read (album) Y Kant Tori Read is an album by the 1980s American synthpop band of the same name, fronted by then-unknown singer and songwriter Tori Amos. The band consisted of Amos, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and future Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum, as well as long-time Amos collaborator guitarist Steve Caton and various studio musicians. Due to the title, some critics believed the album was a solo project by a woman named \"Tori Read\". This was compounded by the fact that Amos is billed simply as \"Tori\" in the liner notes. The choice of producer in Joe Chiccarelli was that of Amos, who had liked some of the albums that he made previously. According to Chiccarelli in an interview with HitQuarters:  \"[Tori Amos] had a very strong vision of what she wanted to do on her first album. And despite the lack of success of that album, it was an interesting process because she was very vocal and very passionate about how she wanted it to sound and what her influences were and the emotions she was trying to convey.\" Although Amos had effectively disowned the album for many years, Chiccarelli has said that she was very happy with it at the time. The eponymous album was released in 1988 to dismal sales and the band split shortly after. Its lack of success and subsequent deletion has made it one of the most sought-after Tori Amos collectibles, fetching upwards of $1,000 in compact disc format in original longbox. At the height of Amos' career vinyl copies would often sell for between $300\u2013500 but, due to the decline of music collectibles and the heavy bootlegging of the album, they now frequently sell for between $50\u201380."], "answer": {"text": "2006", "answer_start": 835}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ebdcef4f55a44ee8b6adfbf8d9188ade_1_q#1", "question": "Did they go on tour in 2010?", "rewrite": "Did Tori Amos go on tour in 2010?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tori Amos discography Tori Amos is an American pianist and singer-songwriter whose musical career began in 1980, at the age of seventeen, when she and her brother co-wrote the song \"Baltimore\". The song was selected as the winning song in a contest for the Baltimore Orioles and was recorded and pressed locally as a 7\" single. From 1984\u201389, Amos fronted the synth-pop band Y Kant Tori Read, which released one self-titled album with Atlantic Records in 1988 before breaking up. Shortly thereafter, Amos began writing and recording material that would serve as the debut of her solo career. Still signed with Atlantic, and its UK counterpart East West, Amos' initial solo material was rejected by the label in 1990. Under the guidance of co-producers Eric Rosse, Davitt Sigerson and Ian Stanley, a second version of the album was created and accepted by the label the following year. Amos' solo career began in October 1991 with the UK release of the \"Me and a Gun\" EP. The following month, after the first track on the EP was receiving more airplay than the title track, the label reissued the EP with the same artwork, but changed the title to \"Silent All These Years\". Although the second version of the EP reached only number 51 on the UK chart, BBC Radio 1 picked it as \"Record of the Week\", which helped Amos get her initial exposure. Her debut solo album, \"Little Earthquakes\", was released two months later in January 1992. The album peaked at number 14 on the UK Albums Chart and at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Upon its release, the album received mostly positive reviews and was labeled an important album that kick-started the female singer-songwriter movement of the 1990s.", "Tori Amos: Live from New York Tori Amos: Live from New York is a benefit concert performed by American singer and songwriter Tori Amos on January 23, 1997. The concert was performed at the Madison Square Garden Theater in New York to launch \"Unlock the Silence\", a year-long promotional and fund-raising campaign sponsored by cK Calvin Klein to raise awareness of the work undertaken by RAINN, the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, a non-profit organization offering support and counseling to survivors of sexual assault. The performance included compositions from her first three albums, including \"Silent All These Years\" from her debut album \"Little Earthquakes\" (1992), which served as the touchstone track for the \"Unlock the Silence\" campaign. During the performance of \"Muhammed My Friend\", Amos was joined on stage by her friend Maynard James Keenan from the band Tool.", "According to Anna Pickard, she said that the video for the single is not a \"music video\", and is a \"visualette\", which is one of a series of visualettes that accompany the songs on Tori Amos's album. And because of this ultimately, Amos has not released an official music video for either \"Welcome to England\" and \"Maybe California\". Along with portraying herself, Amos can be seen portraying \u201cthe dolls\u201d from 2007's \"American Doll Posse\", in an apparent attempt at deconstructing that album's concept. In the music video, Amos herself, however is not feature and instead, it features the dolls; Tori (Amos herself) and Isabel, who is featured at the end of the video. The music video received generally favorable reviews from critics. Pitchfork Media compared the fashion imagery to Lady Guinevere and Lady Liberty by saying \"Grainy film footage of London serves as the backdrop for this latest vid from Tori Amos, whose costume changes take her from Lady Guinevere to Lady Liberty in a few quick shots.\" \"Pinkisthenewblog.com\" gave it a positive review saying \"The video features Tori lookin\u2019 fierce as hell in various locales in England. I think this video is our first indication at what the visualettes that will accompany each song on the album will look like. Very cool.\" The song was first performed on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson with a band and two pianos. Also, she performed the single in an intimate show called \"Acoustically Attracted to Sin\", in which many songs from her catalog were performed with her B\u00f6sendorfer. She also frequently played the song on her Sinful Attraction Tour. There have been fan covered recorded for the song as well.", "Y Kant Tori Read (album) Y Kant Tori Read is an album by the 1980s American synthpop band of the same name, fronted by then-unknown singer and songwriter Tori Amos. The band consisted of Amos, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and future Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum, as well as long-time Amos collaborator guitarist Steve Caton and various studio musicians. Due to the title, some critics believed the album was a solo project by a woman named \"Tori Read\". This was compounded by the fact that Amos is billed simply as \"Tori\" in the liner notes. The choice of producer in Joe Chiccarelli was that of Amos, who had liked some of the albums that he made previously. According to Chiccarelli in an interview with HitQuarters:  \"[Tori Amos] had a very strong vision of what she wanted to do on her first album. And despite the lack of success of that album, it was an interesting process because she was very vocal and very passionate about how she wanted it to sound and what her influences were and the emotions she was trying to convey.\" Although Amos had effectively disowned the album for many years, Chiccarelli has said that she was very happy with it at the time. The eponymous album was released in 1988 to dismal sales and the band split shortly after. Its lack of success and subsequent deletion has made it one of the most sought-after Tori Amos collectibles, fetching upwards of $1,000 in compact disc format in original longbox. At the height of Amos' career vinyl copies would often sell for between $300\u2013500 but, due to the decline of music collectibles and the heavy bootlegging of the album, they now frequently sell for between $50\u201380.", "Tori Amos: Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 is a VHS cassette of all of Tori Amos's videos from \"Little Earthquakes\" through \"From the Choirgirl Hotel\", with the exception of \"Professional Widow\". The video collection was released in a standard-size hard plastic VHS case and a large soft plastic VHS case (with the same catalogue number). The video collection runs approximately 75 minutes and was released by Atlantic Records \"Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998\" was RIAA certified Gold in March 1999"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tori Amos release a live album?", "answer": {"text": "2006", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebdcef4f55a44ee8b6adfbf8d9188ade_1_q#2", "question": "Why did Amos end her contract with Epic Records?", "rewrite": "Why did Tori Amos end a contract with Epic Records?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In May 2008, Amos announced that, due to creative and financial disagreements with Epic Records, she had negotiated an end to her contract with the record label, and would be operating independently of major record labels on future work. In September of the same year, Amos released a live album and DVD, Live at Montreux 1991/1992, through Eagle Rock Entertainment, of two performances she gave at the Montreux Jazz Festival very early on in her career while promoting her debut solo album, Little Earthquakes. By December, after a chance encounter with chairman and CEO of Universal Music Group, Doug Morris, Amos signed a \"joint venture\" deal with Universal Republic Records. Abnormally Attracted to Sin, Amos's tenth solo studio album and her first album released through Universal Republic, was released in May 2009 to mostly positive reviews. The album debuted in the top 10 of the Billboard 200, making it Amos's seventh album to do so. Abnormally Attracted to Sin, admitted Amos, is a \"personal album\", not a conceptual one, with the album exploring themes of power, boundaries, and the subjective view of sin. Continuing her distribution deal with Universal Republic, Amos released Midwinter Graces, her first seasonal album, in November of the same year. The album features reworked versions of traditional carols, as well as original songs written by Amos. During her contract with the label, Amos recorded vocals for two songs for David Byrne's collaboration album with Fatboy Slim, titled Here Lies Love, which was released in April 2010. In July of the same year, the DVD Tori Amos- Live from the Artists Den was released exclusively through Barnes & Noble. After a brief tour from June to September 2010, Amos released the highly exclusive live album From Russia With Love in December the same year, recorded live in Moscow on September 3, 2010.", "Taxi Ride \"Taxi Ride\" is a song by American recording artist Tori Amos from her seventh studio album \"Scarlet's Walk\" (2002). The song was released as the album's second single in January 2003. It was written, composed and produced by Amos. The song is a folk pop track, which features instrumentation of electric guitars, drums, bongos, and acoustic guitar. The track was her second offering after departing from Atlantic Records and signed with Epic Records. \"Taxi Ride\" received positive reviews from music critics, whom complimented the songs production and lyrical delivery. The song charted at thirty-five on the Adult Top 40 and Radio & Records chart in the US. Amos has performed the song on several tours she has commissioned. Tori Amos' track \"Taxi Ride\" appears on her seventh studio album, \"Scarlet's Walk\" (2002). In September 2001, Amos released her first concept album \"Strange Little Girls\". Motherhood inspired Amos to produce a cover album, recording songs written by men about women and reversing the gender roles to show a woman's perspective. Amos would later reveal that a stimulus for the album was to end her contract with Atlantic without giving them new original songs; Amos felt that since 1998, the label had not been properly promoting her and had trapped her in a contract by refusing to sell her to another label. Nevertheless, \"Strange Little Girls\" received mostly favorable reviews from music critics, some who complimented the idea of twisting the male perspective into female views and the composition, while some dismissed this. It sold over 110,000 units in its first week in the US, reaching number four on the Billboard 200. After leaving Atlantic, she signed to Epic Records to record the \"Scarlet's Walk\" album. However, Epic's President Polly Anthony announced her resignation that would be fulfilled in early 2003.", "Strange Little Girl \"Strange Little Girl\" is a song by the Stranglers, originally written in 1974 and re-recorded and released in the UK in 1982 as their last single while signed to Liberty Records (part of EMI). By the time of release, the band had already decided to leave the label for Epic Records, and this last single was part of the severance deal, along with the compilation album, \"The Collection 1977-1982\". The band showed their talent for mischief in releasing \"Strange Little Girl\" as their last single on the label when they revealed that it had originally been written in 1974, and submitted to EMI years before the band had a recording contract. EMI had rejected the band on the basis of that demo. \" Strange Little Girl\" went on to peak at No. 7 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1982. The music video featured the band and a group of girl punks in London, and was shot around Cambridge Circus and Liverpool Street. The version by Tori Amos, was released as the first and only single from her 2001 album \"Strange Little Girls\". German single   The single for \"Strange Little Girl\" was never released outside of Germany. Unlike some of her other previously rare tracks, the two B-sides for the single (\"Only Women Bleed\" and \"After All\") were not included on the Tori Amos compilation \"A Piano: The Collection\", and have yet to appear on any other Tori Amos release to date. A music video was filmed for \"Strange Little Girl\". However, it has never been released officially (this is one of two videos that were excluded from her music video collection, \"Fade to Red\", the other being \"Glory of the '80s\"). The video takes place in a sort of crop field, with a young girl being chased by a wolf.", "Y Kant Tori Read (album) Y Kant Tori Read is an album by the 1980s American synthpop band of the same name, fronted by then-unknown singer and songwriter Tori Amos. The band consisted of Amos, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and future Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum, as well as long-time Amos collaborator guitarist Steve Caton and various studio musicians. Due to the title, some critics believed the album was a solo project by a woman named \"Tori Read\". This was compounded by the fact that Amos is billed simply as \"Tori\" in the liner notes. The choice of producer in Joe Chiccarelli was that of Amos, who had liked some of the albums that he made previously. According to Chiccarelli in an interview with HitQuarters:  \"[Tori Amos] had a very strong vision of what she wanted to do on her first album. And despite the lack of success of that album, it was an interesting process because she was very vocal and very passionate about how she wanted it to sound and what her influences were and the emotions she was trying to convey.\" Although Amos had effectively disowned the album for many years, Chiccarelli has said that she was very happy with it at the time. The eponymous album was released in 1988 to dismal sales and the band split shortly after. Its lack of success and subsequent deletion has made it one of the most sought-after Tori Amos collectibles, fetching upwards of $1,000 in compact disc format in original longbox. At the height of Amos' career vinyl copies would often sell for between $300\u2013500 but, due to the decline of music collectibles and the heavy bootlegging of the album, they now frequently sell for between $50\u201380.", "Tori Amos: Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 is a VHS cassette of all of Tori Amos's videos from \"Little Earthquakes\" through \"From the Choirgirl Hotel\", with the exception of \"Professional Widow\". The video collection was released in a standard-size hard plastic VHS case and a large soft plastic VHS case (with the same catalogue number). The video collection runs approximately 75 minutes and was released by Atlantic Records \"Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998\" was RIAA certified Gold in March 1999"], "answer": {"text": "Amos signed to Epic in late 2001.", "answer_start": 60}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tori Amos release a live album?", "answer": {"text": "2006", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour in 2010?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebdcef4f55a44ee8b6adfbf8d9188ade_1_q#3", "question": "Were they debuted by Billboard?", "rewrite": "Were Tori Amos debuted by Billboard?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to Anna Pickard, she said that the video for the single is not a \"music video\", and is a \"visualette\", which is one of a series of visualettes that accompany the songs on Tori Amos's album. And because of this ultimately, Amos has not released an official music video for either \"Welcome to England\" and \"Maybe California\". Along with portraying herself, Amos can be seen portraying \u201cthe dolls\u201d from 2007's \"American Doll Posse\", in an apparent attempt at deconstructing that album's concept. In the music video, Amos herself, however is not feature and instead, it features the dolls; Tori (Amos herself) and Isabel, who is featured at the end of the video. The music video received generally favorable reviews from critics. Pitchfork Media compared the fashion imagery to Lady Guinevere and Lady Liberty by saying \"Grainy film footage of London serves as the backdrop for this latest vid from Tori Amos, whose costume changes take her from Lady Guinevere to Lady Liberty in a few quick shots.\" \"Pinkisthenewblog.com\" gave it a positive review saying \"The video features Tori lookin\u2019 fierce as hell in various locales in England. I think this video is our first indication at what the visualettes that will accompany each song on the album will look like. Very cool.\" The song was first performed on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson with a band and two pianos. Also, she performed the single in an intimate show called \"Acoustically Attracted to Sin\", in which many songs from her catalog were performed with her B\u00f6sendorfer. She also frequently played the song on her Sinful Attraction Tour. There have been fan covered recorded for the song as well.", "Tori Amos discography Tori Amos is an American pianist and singer-songwriter whose musical career began in 1980, at the age of seventeen, when she and her brother co-wrote the song \"Baltimore\". The song was selected as the winning song in a contest for the Baltimore Orioles and was recorded and pressed locally as a 7\" single. From 1984\u201389, Amos fronted the synth-pop band Y Kant Tori Read, which released one self-titled album with Atlantic Records in 1988 before breaking up. Shortly thereafter, Amos began writing and recording material that would serve as the debut of her solo career. Still signed with Atlantic, and its UK counterpart East West, Amos' initial solo material was rejected by the label in 1990. Under the guidance of co-producers Eric Rosse, Davitt Sigerson and Ian Stanley, a second version of the album was created and accepted by the label the following year. Amos' solo career began in October 1991 with the UK release of the \"Me and a Gun\" EP. The following month, after the first track on the EP was receiving more airplay than the title track, the label reissued the EP with the same artwork, but changed the title to \"Silent All These Years\". Although the second version of the EP reached only number 51 on the UK chart, BBC Radio 1 picked it as \"Record of the Week\", which helped Amos get her initial exposure. Her debut solo album, \"Little Earthquakes\", was released two months later in January 1992. The album peaked at number 14 on the UK Albums Chart and at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Upon its release, the album received mostly positive reviews and was labeled an important album that kick-started the female singer-songwriter movement of the 1990s.", "Tori Amos: Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 is a VHS cassette of all of Tori Amos's videos from \"Little Earthquakes\" through \"From the Choirgirl Hotel\", with the exception of \"Professional Widow\". The video collection was released in a standard-size hard plastic VHS case and a large soft plastic VHS case (with the same catalogue number). The video collection runs approximately 75 minutes and was released by Atlantic Records \"Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998\" was RIAA certified Gold in March 1999", "Tori Amos: Live from New York Tori Amos: Live from New York is a benefit concert performed by American singer and songwriter Tori Amos on January 23, 1997. The concert was performed at the Madison Square Garden Theater in New York to launch \"Unlock the Silence\", a year-long promotional and fund-raising campaign sponsored by cK Calvin Klein to raise awareness of the work undertaken by RAINN, the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, a non-profit organization offering support and counseling to survivors of sexual assault. The performance included compositions from her first three albums, including \"Silent All These Years\" from her debut album \"Little Earthquakes\" (1992), which served as the touchstone track for the \"Unlock the Silence\" campaign. During the performance of \"Muhammed My Friend\", Amos was joined on stage by her friend Maynard James Keenan from the band Tool.", "Y Kant Tori Read (album) Y Kant Tori Read is an album by the 1980s American synthpop band of the same name, fronted by then-unknown singer and songwriter Tori Amos. The band consisted of Amos, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and future Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum, as well as long-time Amos collaborator guitarist Steve Caton and various studio musicians. Due to the title, some critics believed the album was a solo project by a woman named \"Tori Read\". This was compounded by the fact that Amos is billed simply as \"Tori\" in the liner notes. The choice of producer in Joe Chiccarelli was that of Amos, who had liked some of the albums that he made previously. According to Chiccarelli in an interview with HitQuarters:  \"[Tori Amos] had a very strong vision of what she wanted to do on her first album. And despite the lack of success of that album, it was an interesting process because she was very vocal and very passionate about how she wanted it to sound and what her influences were and the emotions she was trying to convey.\" Although Amos had effectively disowned the album for many years, Chiccarelli has said that she was very happy with it at the time. The eponymous album was released in 1988 to dismal sales and the band split shortly after. Its lack of success and subsequent deletion has made it one of the most sought-after Tori Amos collectibles, fetching upwards of $1,000 in compact disc format in original longbox. At the height of Amos' career vinyl copies would often sell for between $300\u2013500 but, due to the decline of music collectibles and the heavy bootlegging of the album, they now frequently sell for between $50\u201380."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tori Amos release a live album?", "answer": {"text": "2006", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour in 2010?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Amos end her contract with Epic Records?", "answer": {"text": "Amos signed to Epic in late 2001.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebdcef4f55a44ee8b6adfbf8d9188ade_1_q#4", "question": "Did they create any vocal songs?", "rewrite": "Did Tori Amos create any vocal songs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tori Amos: Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 is a VHS cassette of all of Tori Amos's videos from \"Little Earthquakes\" through \"From the Choirgirl Hotel\", with the exception of \"Professional Widow\". The video collection was released in a standard-size hard plastic VHS case and a large soft plastic VHS case (with the same catalogue number). The video collection runs approximately 75 minutes and was released by Atlantic Records \"Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998\" was RIAA certified Gold in March 1999", "Gold Dust (Tori Amos album) Gold Dust is the thirteenth solo studio album by American singer-songwriter Tori Amos, released on October 1, 2012 by Deutsche Grammophon and Mercury Classics. The album is produced by Amos with arrangements by long-time collaborator John Philip Shenale. Inspired by and following in a similar vein as Amos's previous effort, the classical music album \"Night of Hunters\" (2011), \"Gold Dust\" features some of her previously released alternative rock and baroque pop songs re-worked in an orchestral setting. The material for \"Gold Dust\", consisting of songs selected by Amos spanning her entire catalogue from \"Little Earthquakes\" (1992) through \"Midwinter Graces\" (2009), was recorded with the Metropole Orchestra, conducted by Jules Buckley. The stimulus to \"Gold Dust\" was a concert where Amos performed with the Metropole Orchestra as part of a \"Week of the Metropole\" series. The concert, performed at the Heineken Music Hall in Amsterdam on October 8, 2010, was the first orchestral concert of Amos's career, and set the stage for recording the tracks that would comprise \"Gold Dust\". The project commemorates the 20th anniversary of the release of her debut solo album \"Little Earthquakes\", as well as the music released since then. The collection has autobiographical leanings, with Amos opting for songs that represent a personal narrative instead of including a string of singles. Of the songs included in the project, Amos said, \"[they are] a collection of new studio recordings of where they are now and who they have become\". \" Gold Dust\" mostly consists of songs culled from the 2010 Metropole Orchestra concert.", "Y Kant Tori Read (album) Y Kant Tori Read is an album by the 1980s American synthpop band of the same name, fronted by then-unknown singer and songwriter Tori Amos. The band consisted of Amos, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and future Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum, as well as long-time Amos collaborator guitarist Steve Caton and various studio musicians. Due to the title, some critics believed the album was a solo project by a woman named \"Tori Read\". This was compounded by the fact that Amos is billed simply as \"Tori\" in the liner notes. The choice of producer in Joe Chiccarelli was that of Amos, who had liked some of the albums that he made previously. According to Chiccarelli in an interview with HitQuarters:  \"[Tori Amos] had a very strong vision of what she wanted to do on her first album. And despite the lack of success of that album, it was an interesting process because she was very vocal and very passionate about how she wanted it to sound and what her influences were and the emotions she was trying to convey.\" Although Amos had effectively disowned the album for many years, Chiccarelli has said that she was very happy with it at the time. The eponymous album was released in 1988 to dismal sales and the band split shortly after. Its lack of success and subsequent deletion has made it one of the most sought-after Tori Amos collectibles, fetching upwards of $1,000 in compact disc format in original longbox. At the height of Amos' career vinyl copies would often sell for between $300\u2013500 but, due to the decline of music collectibles and the heavy bootlegging of the album, they now frequently sell for between $50\u201380.", "According to Anna Pickard, she said that the video for the single is not a \"music video\", and is a \"visualette\", which is one of a series of visualettes that accompany the songs on Tori Amos's album. And because of this ultimately, Amos has not released an official music video for either \"Welcome to England\" and \"Maybe California\". Along with portraying herself, Amos can be seen portraying \u201cthe dolls\u201d from 2007's \"American Doll Posse\", in an apparent attempt at deconstructing that album's concept. In the music video, Amos herself, however is not feature and instead, it features the dolls; Tori (Amos herself) and Isabel, who is featured at the end of the video. The music video received generally favorable reviews from critics. Pitchfork Media compared the fashion imagery to Lady Guinevere and Lady Liberty by saying \"Grainy film footage of London serves as the backdrop for this latest vid from Tori Amos, whose costume changes take her from Lady Guinevere to Lady Liberty in a few quick shots.\" \"Pinkisthenewblog.com\" gave it a positive review saying \"The video features Tori lookin\u2019 fierce as hell in various locales in England. I think this video is our first indication at what the visualettes that will accompany each song on the album will look like. Very cool.\" The song was first performed on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson with a band and two pianos. Also, she performed the single in an intimate show called \"Acoustically Attracted to Sin\", in which many songs from her catalog were performed with her B\u00f6sendorfer. She also frequently played the song on her Sinful Attraction Tour. There have been fan covered recorded for the song as well.", "Taxi Ride \"Taxi Ride\" is a song by American recording artist Tori Amos from her seventh studio album \"Scarlet's Walk\" (2002). The song was released as the album's second single in January 2003. It was written, composed and produced by Amos. The song is a folk pop track, which features instrumentation of electric guitars, drums, bongos, and acoustic guitar. The track was her second offering after departing from Atlantic Records and signed with Epic Records. \"Taxi Ride\" received positive reviews from music critics, whom complimented the songs production and lyrical delivery. The song charted at thirty-five on the Adult Top 40 and Radio & Records chart in the US. Amos has performed the song on several tours she has commissioned. Tori Amos' track \"Taxi Ride\" appears on her seventh studio album, \"Scarlet's Walk\" (2002). In September 2001, Amos released her first concept album \"Strange Little Girls\". Motherhood inspired Amos to produce a cover album, recording songs written by men about women and reversing the gender roles to show a woman's perspective. Amos would later reveal that a stimulus for the album was to end her contract with Atlantic without giving them new original songs; Amos felt that since 1998, the label had not been properly promoting her and had trapped her in a contract by refusing to sell her to another label. Nevertheless, \"Strange Little Girls\" received mostly favorable reviews from music critics, some who complimented the idea of twisting the male perspective into female views and the composition, while some dismissed this. It sold over 110,000 units in its first week in the US, reaching number four on the Billboard 200. After leaving Atlantic, she signed to Epic Records to record the \"Scarlet's Walk\" album. However, Epic's President Polly Anthony announced her resignation that would be fulfilled in early 2003."], "answer": {"text": "Amos released two more albums with the label, The Beekeeper (2005) and American Doll Posse (2007).", "answer_start": 1330}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tori Amos release a live album?", "answer": {"text": "2006", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour in 2010?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Amos end her contract with Epic Records?", "answer": {"text": "Amos signed to Epic in late 2001.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they debuted by Billboard?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ebdcef4f55a44ee8b6adfbf8d9188ade_1_q#5", "question": "Did they create a DVD?", "rewrite": "Did Tori Amos create a DVD?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Y Kant Tori Read (album) Y Kant Tori Read is an album by the 1980s American synthpop band of the same name, fronted by then-unknown singer and songwriter Tori Amos. The band consisted of Amos, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and future Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum, as well as long-time Amos collaborator guitarist Steve Caton and various studio musicians. Due to the title, some critics believed the album was a solo project by a woman named \"Tori Read\". This was compounded by the fact that Amos is billed simply as \"Tori\" in the liner notes. The choice of producer in Joe Chiccarelli was that of Amos, who had liked some of the albums that he made previously. According to Chiccarelli in an interview with HitQuarters:  \"[Tori Amos] had a very strong vision of what she wanted to do on her first album. And despite the lack of success of that album, it was an interesting process because she was very vocal and very passionate about how she wanted it to sound and what her influences were and the emotions she was trying to convey.\" Although Amos had effectively disowned the album for many years, Chiccarelli has said that she was very happy with it at the time. The eponymous album was released in 1988 to dismal sales and the band split shortly after. Its lack of success and subsequent deletion has made it one of the most sought-after Tori Amos collectibles, fetching upwards of $1,000 in compact disc format in original longbox. At the height of Amos' career vinyl copies would often sell for between $300\u2013500 but, due to the decline of music collectibles and the heavy bootlegging of the album, they now frequently sell for between $50\u201380.", "According to Anna Pickard, she said that the video for the single is not a \"music video\", and is a \"visualette\", which is one of a series of visualettes that accompany the songs on Tori Amos's album. And because of this ultimately, Amos has not released an official music video for either \"Welcome to England\" and \"Maybe California\". Along with portraying herself, Amos can be seen portraying \u201cthe dolls\u201d from 2007's \"American Doll Posse\", in an apparent attempt at deconstructing that album's concept. In the music video, Amos herself, however is not feature and instead, it features the dolls; Tori (Amos herself) and Isabel, who is featured at the end of the video. The music video received generally favorable reviews from critics. Pitchfork Media compared the fashion imagery to Lady Guinevere and Lady Liberty by saying \"Grainy film footage of London serves as the backdrop for this latest vid from Tori Amos, whose costume changes take her from Lady Guinevere to Lady Liberty in a few quick shots.\" \"Pinkisthenewblog.com\" gave it a positive review saying \"The video features Tori lookin\u2019 fierce as hell in various locales in England. I think this video is our first indication at what the visualettes that will accompany each song on the album will look like. Very cool.\" The song was first performed on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson with a band and two pianos. Also, she performed the single in an intimate show called \"Acoustically Attracted to Sin\", in which many songs from her catalog were performed with her B\u00f6sendorfer. She also frequently played the song on her Sinful Attraction Tour. There have been fan covered recorded for the song as well.", "Tori Amos: Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998 is a VHS cassette of all of Tori Amos's videos from \"Little Earthquakes\" through \"From the Choirgirl Hotel\", with the exception of \"Professional Widow\". The video collection was released in a standard-size hard plastic VHS case and a large soft plastic VHS case (with the same catalogue number). The video collection runs approximately 75 minutes and was released by Atlantic Records \"Tori Amos: The Complete Videos 1991\u20131998\" was RIAA certified Gold in March 1999", "Tori Amos: Live from New York Tori Amos: Live from New York is a benefit concert performed by American singer and songwriter Tori Amos on January 23, 1997. The concert was performed at the Madison Square Garden Theater in New York to launch \"Unlock the Silence\", a year-long promotional and fund-raising campaign sponsored by cK Calvin Klein to raise awareness of the work undertaken by RAINN, the Rape, Abuse and Incest National Network, a non-profit organization offering support and counseling to survivors of sexual assault. The performance included compositions from her first three albums, including \"Silent All These Years\" from her debut album \"Little Earthquakes\" (1992), which served as the touchstone track for the \"Unlock the Silence\" campaign. During the performance of \"Muhammed My Friend\", Amos was joined on stage by her friend Maynard James Keenan from the band Tool.", "Tori Amos discography Tori Amos is an American pianist and singer-songwriter whose musical career began in 1980, at the age of seventeen, when she and her brother co-wrote the song \"Baltimore\". The song was selected as the winning song in a contest for the Baltimore Orioles and was recorded and pressed locally as a 7\" single. From 1984\u201389, Amos fronted the synth-pop band Y Kant Tori Read, which released one self-titled album with Atlantic Records in 1988 before breaking up. Shortly thereafter, Amos began writing and recording material that would serve as the debut of her solo career. Still signed with Atlantic, and its UK counterpart East West, Amos' initial solo material was rejected by the label in 1990. Under the guidance of co-producers Eric Rosse, Davitt Sigerson and Ian Stanley, a second version of the album was created and accepted by the label the following year. Amos' solo career began in October 1991 with the UK release of the \"Me and a Gun\" EP. The following month, after the first track on the EP was receiving more airplay than the title track, the label reissued the EP with the same artwork, but changed the title to \"Silent All These Years\". Although the second version of the EP reached only number 51 on the UK chart, BBC Radio 1 picked it as \"Record of the Week\", which helped Amos get her initial exposure. Her debut solo album, \"Little Earthquakes\", was released two months later in January 1992. The album peaked at number 14 on the UK Albums Chart and at number 54 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Upon its release, the album received mostly positive reviews and was labeled an important album that kick-started the female singer-songwriter movement of the 1990s."], "answer": {"text": "two-disc DVD set Fade to Red", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tori Amos release a live album?", "answer": {"text": "2006", "answer_start": 835, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they go on tour in 2010?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Amos end her contract with Epic Records?", "answer": {"text": "Amos signed to Epic in late 2001.", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they debuted by Billboard?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they create any vocal songs?", "answer": {"text": "Amos released two more albums with the label, The Beekeeper (2005) and American Doll Posse (2007).", "answer_start": 1330, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8978de944de448c95b6636d9f30bdab_1_q#0", "question": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "rewrite": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The World About Us The World About Us was a BBC Two television documentary series on natural history which ran from 1967 to 1987. The show was created by David Attenborough. The French marine scientist and photographer Jacques Cousteau made a documentary for the series, starting in 1968 with \"The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau\". The series also featured Jane Goodall, again in 1968 and was narrated by Desmond Morris. While Goodall was noted for her work with chimpanzees the series also featured her work with wild African dogs in a 1973 episode. Morris' work \"Manwatching\" was the subject of an episode in 1977. An episode narrated by Wilfred Thesiger about his journey through, and his love for, the \"Empty Quarter\" desert won several awards in 1968 (Trento International Film Festival 1967, Melbourne Film Festival 1968, International Addis Ababa Film Festival 1968). The 400th edition was broadcast on 29th August 1976 and the series continued into the late 1980s. The series marked the evolution of natural-history broadcasting \"to the point at which constantly improving photographic techniques, allied to a seemingly inexhaustible supply of subject matter,\" make recurring series possible. The series is considered a precursor to \"Life on Earth\" (1979), a highly acclaimed BBC natural-history documentary series also presented by Attenborough.", "Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve The Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve, located in southeastern New Jersey, encompasses over 110,000 acres (450 km\u00b2) of terrestrial, wetland and aquatic habitats within the Mullica River-Great Bay Ecosystem. A wide range of habitats includes the pinelands, lowland swamps, freshwater marshes, salt and freshwater tidal marshes, barrier islands (sandy beaches and dune habitats), shallow bays and the coastal ocean. Little more than one percent of this reserve has been subject to human development. The area is one of the least disturbed estuaries in the densely populated urban corridor of the northeastern United States. On October 20, 1997 the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve (JC NERR) was dedicated in honor of Jacques Cousteau. The JC NERR is one of 26 National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) created to promote responsible use and management of our nation's estuaries. Estuaries, where the rivers meet the sea, are the wide lower course of a river where its current is met by the tides. This mix of fresh and salt water creates a unique and very productive ecosystem vital to life both on land and in the sea. The mission of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve is to improve management of important estuarine resources in the Mullica River-Great Bay watershed through a program combining scientific research, education, and stewardship. JC NERR conducts research on the physical, chemical and biological components of the site estuaries and neighboring watersheds. The JC NERR offers a variety of professional development programs for teachers highlighting the unique coastal resources of New Jersey for the K-12 classroom. It also offers training programs, resources and outreach materials for New Jersey\u2019s Coastal Management Community.", "Voyage to the Edge of the World  Voyage to the Edge of the World () is a 1976 French nature documentary film directed by Jacques-Yves Cousteau, his son Philippe Cousteau and Marshall Flaum. The film follows a four months expedition through Antarctica undertaken between the end of 1972 and the beginning of 1973. It was Cousteau's third and last full-length film, following \"The Silent World\" (1956) and \"World Without Sun\" (1964). As a difference with those two earlier Cousteau films, both mainly narrated by Jacques-Yves Cousteau himself, on this film Jacques-Yves' voice-over alternates with co-director Philippe Cousteau's voice. In December 1972 The Cousteau Society sets out on a four-months expedition through Antarctica. The expedition is supported by Monaco's Oceanographic Museum and the La Rochelle Natural History Museum, the latter represented on board by Raymond Duguy (1927 - 2012), its director at the time. Divers and scientists of the expedition observe the fauna and the ice formations of the frozen continent. Footage is filmed on board the \"Calypso\" but also on land (for example at Deception Island), underwater, over sea ice or from the air, by means of a hot air balloon and a helicopter. \" Voyage to the Edge of the World\" was the first film to show underwater footage taken from the submerged inside of glaciers or icebergs. It also was the first film to show high depth footage in Antarctic waters (thanks to the diving saucer SP-350 \"Denise\"). Paleontologist Michel Laval, \"Calypso\"<nowiki>'</nowiki >s Chief Mate, accidentally died on Deception Island, 29 December 1972, when he was struck by the tail propeller of the helicopter of the expedition.", "Mission 31  Mission 31 was an undersea expedition organized by Fabien Cousteau. It was originally scheduled for November 2013, but was delayed to June 2014. On June 1, Cousteau and six crew members descended to the undersea laboratory Aquarius in the Florida Keys. Halfway through the expedition, three of crew were replaced, as had been planned. After 31 days, Cousteau and the crew ascended on July 2. Throughout Mission 31, Cousteau's team conducted extended scuba diving expeditions to collect scientific data and IMAX footage. They hosted various one-day guests, conversed live with classrooms, and kept in touch with the outside world via social media. Cousteau estimated that his team collected the equivalent of two years' worth of surface dive data, enough for 10 scientific papers. Mission 31 was envisioned as a tribute to Cousteau's grandfather, Jacques Cousteau, who spent 30 days living underwater in 1963. Fabien Cousteau thus beat his grandfather's record for time spent underwater by a film crew by one day. In 1963, French oceanographer and filmmaker Jacques Cousteau spent 30 days living underwater in Conshelf Two, in the Red Sea. The footage was turned into the Academy Award-winning film \"World Without Sun\". Subsequently, his television show, \"The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau\", was seen by audiences around the world. Cousteau was one of the world's first advocates for governmental action in environmental protection and, by the time of his death in 1997, was one of the world's most famous television personalities. Jacques Cousteau's grandson, Fabien Cousteau, organized Mission 31 as a tribute to his late grandfather.", "In 2012, he published the book \"My Father, The Captain: My Life with Jacques Cousteau\". Jean-Michel Cousteau is the President of Green Cross France & Territoires, a NGO proposing keys for actions towards a better environment for an unburden future. He has produced over 70 films. He appears in the 2003 IMAX documentary film \"Coral Reef Adventure\". He appeared on a documentary-type special feature on the DVD version of \"The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie\" (2004) in which he and Stephen Hillenburg talk about all of the real-life counterparts to the sea creatures seen in the cartoon series and movie. He did a similar feature for the DVD of the Disney/Pixar movie \"Finding Nemo\". In Disney's DVD release of \"Finding Nemo\", Cousteau makes an appearance interacting with the characters from the film, Marlin, Nemo and Dory, and touting the need for better pollution control, showing videos of polluted coral reefs. Jean-Michel Cousteau made a new documentary series \"Ocean Adventures \"released in 2006. Cousteau's Ocean Futures Society, KQED and PBS are continuing production on the \"Ocean Adventures\" series for 2007 and 2008. In October 2006, Jean-Michel Cousteau, and an expedition team that includes his son Fabien and daughter C\u00e9line, began filming along the Amazon River. Twenty years ago scientists predicted devastation and irreversible environmental damage here, and 25 years ago Jean-Michel Cousteau and his legendary father traveled with their teams the entire length of the Amazon to document, learn, and see for themselves."], "answer": {"text": "The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,", "answer_start": 430}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b8978de944de448c95b6636d9f30bdab_1_q#1", "question": "What was special about this film that it won an award?", "rewrite": "What was special about the two neighbors that it won first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Encirclement \u2013 Neo-Liberalism Ensnares Democracy Encirclement \u2013 Neo-Liberalism Ensnares Democracy (French: L'Encerclement - La d\u00e9mocratie dans les rets du n\u00e9olib\u00e9ralisme) is a 2008 Canadian documentary film by Richard Brouillette which was awarded the Robert and Frances Flaherty Prize (Grand Prize) at the 11th Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival (Yamagata, Japan, 2009), the Grand Prize at the 15th Visions du r\u00e9el festival (Nyon, Switzerland, 2009), the Audience Award for Best feature film, along with a Special Jury Mention for the Amnesty International Award, at the 6th IndieLisboa festival (Lisbon, Portugal, 2009), the Pierre and Yolande Perrault Award for Best first or second documentary at the 27th Rendez-vous du cin\u00e9ma qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois (Montreal, Canada, 2009), and the La Vague Award for Best documentary film (ex aequo with Hommes \u00e0 louer, by Rodrigue Jean) at the 23rd Festival international du cin\u00e9ma francophone en Acadie (Moncton, Canada, 2009). The world premiere took place at the 11th on November 20, 2008. The international premiere took place at the 59th Berlinale, in the International Forum of New Cinema section, on February 7, 2009. Drawing upon the thinking and analyses of renowned intellectuals, the documentary sketches a portrait of neo-liberal ideology and examines the various mechanisms used to impose its dictates throughout the world.", "1987 \u2013 1st International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart: < br> \u2022 1st prize: Isabelle Faust (Germany)<br> \u2022 2nd prize: (Iceland)<br> \u2022 3rd prize: Anette Behr (Germany)  1991 \u2013 2nd International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart:<br> \u2022 1st prize: Benjamin Schmid (Austria)<br> \u2022 2nd prize: Joji Hattori (Japan)<br> \u2022 3rd prize: Kyung-Sun Lee (South Korea)  1995 \u2013 3rd International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart:<br> \u2022 2nd prize ex aequo: Felicitas Clamor-Hofmeister (Germany)<br> \u2022 2nd prize ex aequo: Riyo Uemura (Japan)<br> \u2022 3rd prize: (Japan)<br> \u2022 4th prize: Nicolai Satschenko (Russia)<br> \u2022 Audience prize: Nicolai Satschenko (Russia)  1999 \u2013 4th International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart:<br> \u2022 1st prize (Mozart Prize): Lena Neudauer (Germany)<br> \u2022 2nd prize: Bogdan Zvoristeanu (Romania)<br> \u2022 3rd prize: Naoko Ogihara (Japan)<br> \u2022 Audience prize: Lena Neudauer (Germany)<br> \u2022 Richard Strauss Prize: Lena Neudauer (Germany)<br> \u2022 Rodion Shchedrin Prize: Bogdan Zvoristeanu (Romania)<br> \u2022 Special prize for the Richard Strauss Sonata: Naoko Ogihara (Japan)  2003 \u2013 5th International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart:<br> \u2022 1st prize (Mozart Prize): Suyoen Kim (South Korea)<br> \u2022 2nd prize: Ye Eun Choi (South Korea)<br> \u2022 3rd prize: Sophia Jaff\u00e9 (Germany)<br> \u2022 Audience prize: Suyoen Kim", "Ex aequo et bono Ex aequo et bono (Latin for \"according to the right and good\" or \"from equity and conscience\") is a Latin phrase that is used as a legal term of art. In the context of arbitration, it refers to the power of arbitrators to dispense with consideration of the law but consider solely what they consider to be fair and equitable in the case at hand. Article 38(2) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides that the court may decide cases \"ex aequo et bono\" only if the parties agree. In 1984, the ICJ decided a case using \"equitable criteria\" in creating a boundary in the Gulf of Maine for Canada and the US. This was not, however, in relation to Art. 38(2) which has never been invoked by the parties in a dispute before the ICJ. It was an example of referring to 'equity' as a general principle of law under Art. 38 (1) (c). Article 33 of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law's Arbitration Rules (1976) provides that the arbitrators shall consider only the applicable law unless the arbitral agreement allows the arbitrators to consider \"ex aequo et bono\", or amiable compositeur, instead. This rule is also expressed in many national and subnational arbitration laws such as section 22 of the Commercial Arbitration Act 1984 (NSW). On the other hand, the constituent treaty of the Eritrea\u2013Ethiopia Claims Commission explicitly forbids the body from interpreting \"ex aequo et bono\". The phrase ex aequo (without \"et bono\") is used to mean \"equally placed\", often in the context of competition winners.", "(South Korea)<br> \u2022 Special prize for the best interpretation of the contemporary commissioned piece: Suyoen Kim (South Korea)  2006 \u2013 6th International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart:<br> \u2022 1st prize (Mozart Prize): Yura Lee (South Korea)<br> \u2022 2nd prize ex aequo: Gahyun Cho (South Korea)<br> \u2022 2nd prize ex aequo: Yuki Manuela Janke (Germany)<br> \u2022 Audience prize: Yura Lee (South Korea)<br> \u2022 Youth jury prize: Yura Lee (South Korea)<br> \u2022 Special prize for the best interpretation of the contemporary commissioned piece: Nurit Stark (Israel)  2009 \u2013 7th International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart:<br> \u2022 1st prize (Mozart Prize): Jehye Lee (South Korea)<br> \u2022 2nd prize: Friederike Starkloff ( Germany)<br> \u2022 3rd prize: Roman Pato\u010dka ( Czech Republic)<br> \u2022 Chamber music prize ex aequo: Jehye Lee (South Korea)<br> \u2022 Chamber music prize ex aequo: Roman Pato\u010dka ( Czech Republic)<br> \u2022 Prize for the best interpretation of the contemporary commissioned piece: Terauchi Shiori (Japan)<br> \u2022 Youth jury prize: Roman Pato\u010dka ( Czech Republic)<br> \u2022 Audience prize: Jehye Lee (South Korea)  2013 \u2013 8th International Violin Competition Leopold Mozart:<br> \u2022 1st prize (Mozart Prize): Maia Cabeza (Canada)<br> \u2022 2nd prize: Jonian Ilias Kadesha (Greece/Albania)<br> \u2022 3rd prize: Thomas Reif (Germany)<br> \u2022 4th prize: Young uk Kim (South Korea)<br> \u2022 Chamber music prize: Jonian Ilias Kadesha", "The years of World War II were decisive for the history of diving. After the armistice of 1940, the family of Simone and Jacques-Yves Cousteau took refuge in Megeve, where he became a friend of the Ichac family who also lived there. Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Marcel Ichac shared the same desire to reveal to the general public unknown and inaccessible places -- for Cousteau the underwater world and for Ichac the high mountains. The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands (Var) with Philippe Tailliez and Frederic Dumas, using a depth-pressure-proof camera case developed by mechanical engineer Leon Veche (engineer of Arts and Metiers and the Naval College). In 1943, they made the film Epaves (Shipwrecks), in which they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes. These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Emile Gagnan. When making Epaves, Cousteau could not find the necessary blank reels of movie film, but had to buy hundreds of small still camera film reels the same width, intended for a make of child's camera, and cemented them together to make long reels."], "answer": {"text": "1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands", "answer_start": 517}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "answer": {"text": "The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8978de944de448c95b6636d9f30bdab_1_q#2", "question": "Did they make another film after that?", "rewrite": "Did Cousteau make another film aside from the two neighbors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The years of World War II were decisive for the history of diving. After the armistice of 1940, the family of Simone and Jacques-Yves Cousteau took refuge in Megeve, where he became a friend of the Ichac family who also lived there. Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Marcel Ichac shared the same desire to reveal to the general public unknown and inaccessible places -- for Cousteau the underwater world and for Ichac the high mountains. The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands (Var) with Philippe Tailliez and Frederic Dumas, using a depth-pressure-proof camera case developed by mechanical engineer Leon Veche (engineer of Arts and Metiers and the Naval College). In 1943, they made the film Epaves (Shipwrecks), in which they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes. These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Emile Gagnan. When making Epaves, Cousteau could not find the necessary blank reels of movie film, but had to buy hundreds of small still camera film reels the same width, intended for a make of child's camera, and cemented them together to make long reels.", "Mission 31  Mission 31 was an undersea expedition organized by Fabien Cousteau. It was originally scheduled for November 2013, but was delayed to June 2014. On June 1, Cousteau and six crew members descended to the undersea laboratory Aquarius in the Florida Keys. Halfway through the expedition, three of crew were replaced, as had been planned. After 31 days, Cousteau and the crew ascended on July 2. Throughout Mission 31, Cousteau's team conducted extended scuba diving expeditions to collect scientific data and IMAX footage. They hosted various one-day guests, conversed live with classrooms, and kept in touch with the outside world via social media. Cousteau estimated that his team collected the equivalent of two years' worth of surface dive data, enough for 10 scientific papers. Mission 31 was envisioned as a tribute to Cousteau's grandfather, Jacques Cousteau, who spent 30 days living underwater in 1963. Fabien Cousteau thus beat his grandfather's record for time spent underwater by a film crew by one day. In 1963, French oceanographer and filmmaker Jacques Cousteau spent 30 days living underwater in Conshelf Two, in the Red Sea. The footage was turned into the Academy Award-winning film \"World Without Sun\". Subsequently, his television show, \"The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau\", was seen by audiences around the world. Cousteau was one of the world's first advocates for governmental action in environmental protection and, by the time of his death in 1997, was one of the world's most famous television personalities. Jacques Cousteau's grandson, Fabien Cousteau, organized Mission 31 as a tribute to his late grandfather.", "Jean-Michel Cousteau Jean-Michel Cousteau (born 6 May 1938) is a French oceanographic explorer, environmentalist, educator, and film producer. The first son of ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau, he is the father of Fabien Cousteau and C\u00e9line Cousteau. Cousteau is the son of Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Simone Melchior. Cousteau first dived with an aqua-lung in 1945 when he was 7 years old. Although he went to school to study architecture, he joined his father's Cousteau Society, serving for twenty years as executive vice president before striking out on his own in 1993 to produce environmental films. Cousteau and his father disagreed on the management and policies of the Society. After Cousteau opened a resort on a Fiji island utilizing the family name, Jacques-Yves Cousteau filed a lawsuit against him in 1996. In June 1996, a court signed an injunction requiring him to add, with equal prominence in placement, his first name to the hotel. Jean-Michel then founded the Ocean Futures Society in 1999, a marine conservation and education organization. In 2003, Francesca Sorrenti and Marisha Shibuya of the SKe GROUP project, in partnership with Jean-Michel Cousteau's Ocean Futures Society, collaborated to produce \"Water Culture\", a Trolley Books publication featuring a wide variety of photographer's water-related imagery and interviews with prominent world personalities on the problems facing our water supply. Cousteau is also Chairman of Green Cross France. Cousteau advocates for a world free of nuclear weapons, and is a member of the Advisory Council of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Cousteau is working on a documentary highlighting the epic and disastrous 2010 Gulf Oil Spill in which 11 workers were killed during an explosion of deepwater rig off the coast of Louisiana, United States.", "Alexandra Cousteau Alexandra Marguerite Cl\u00e9mentine Cousteau (born March 21, 1976) is a filmmaker and an environmental activist. Cousteau continues the work of her grandfather Jacques-Yves Cousteau and father Philippe Cousteau, Sr. Cousteau advocates the importance of conservation, restoration and sustainable management of ocean and water resources for a healthy planet and productive societies. Cousteau is the daughter of Philippe Cousteau and Jan Cousteau and the granddaughter of French explorer and filmmaker Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Simone Cousteau. She is a member of the third generation Cousteau family who explore and explain the natural world. At the age of four months, Cousteau first went on expedition with her father, Philippe Cousteau and learned to scuba dive with her grandfather, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, when she was seven. Cousteau earned a Bachelor's degree in political science (International Relations) from Georgetown College in 1998. In May 2016, she received an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from Georgetown University, her alma mater. In 2000, Cousteau co-founded EarthEcho International with her brother Philippe Cousteau Jr. to further her family's legacy in science, advocacy, and education. From 2005 to 2007, Cousteau worked on ocean conservation issues in Central America as an advisor for MarViva. In 2010, Cousteau led the Expedition Blue Planet: North America, a five-month, 18,000 miles of across the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. In 2014, Alexandra led an expedition to Canada in partnership with the Ottawa Riverkeeper and Aqua Hacking 2015, a conference focused on protecting the river. It's a joint initiative between Ottawa Riverkeeper, Alexandra Cousteau's Blue Legacy, and the de Gaspe Beaubien Foundation.", "Exploring the Reef with Jean-Michel Cousteau Exploring the Reef with Jean-Michel Cousteau (also simply referred to as Exploring the Reef) is a live action/computer animated short documentary film included on the second disc of the \"Finding Nemo\" DVD. It features Jean-Michel Cousteau in a documentary film he is trying to make about coral reefs, but Marlin, Dory and Nemo keep interrupting him. Cousteau is narrating about the ocean. As he starts talking about coral reefs, Dory starts bothering him by entering the frame. The scene then cuts to an anemone that Nemo and Marlin come out of and Cousteau sighs for not being able to do his documentary. The scene cuts to real cuttlefishes, which Dory tries to speak to. When Cousteau tells Dory to stop it, the scene cuts to a live Spanish dancer. This makes Marlin think of dancing and soon all three animated fish are dancing to some music. This infuriates Cousteau so much that he yells \"Stop!\" and proceeds to make a quick rant about the water cycle, concluding that \"Everyone, everywhere, affects the ocean!\". Dory expresses amazement and at first, Cousteau is satisfied, but when it is revealed that she was listening to the echo inside a conch shell, Cousteau loses his temper and starts ranting in French. For about six seconds, a cartoon still image of Cousteau in a swimming suit appears while Musak-style music plays, on a title card which reads \"Please Stand By\". When Cousteau comes back, however, he has calmed down and talks with the three fish about coral that have suffered from coral bleaching, while the whitened coral appears on screen. The next topic is coral reproduction."], "answer": {"text": "In 1943, they made the film Epaves", "answer_start": 868}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "answer": {"text": "The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was special about this film that it won an award?", "answer": {"text": "1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8978de944de448c95b6636d9f30bdab_1_q#3", "question": "What made this film special?", "rewrite": "What made Epaves special?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The years of World War II were decisive for the history of diving. After the armistice of 1940, the family of Simone and Jacques-Yves Cousteau took refuge in Megeve, where he became a friend of the Ichac family who also lived there. Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Marcel Ichac shared the same desire to reveal to the general public unknown and inaccessible places -- for Cousteau the underwater world and for Ichac the high mountains. The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands (Var) with Philippe Tailliez and Frederic Dumas, using a depth-pressure-proof camera case developed by mechanical engineer Leon Veche (engineer of Arts and Metiers and the Naval College). In 1943, they made the film Epaves (Shipwrecks), in which they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes. These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Emile Gagnan. When making Epaves, Cousteau could not find the necessary blank reels of movie film, but had to buy hundreds of small still camera film reels the same width, intended for a make of child's camera, and cemented them together to make long reels.", "Pine Gap (TV series) Pine Gap is an Australian television series that was released on Netflix and broadcast on ABC in 2018. The six-part series is written and created by Greg Haddrick and Felicity Packard with Mat King directing all six episodes. The series is produced by Screentime. \"Pine Gap\" is an international political thriller which is set around the Australian and American joint defence intelligence facility at Pine Gap, south-west of the town of Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia. Luke Buckmaster of \"The Guardian\" gave \"Pine Gap\" a critical review, writing that the series was \"less a spy drama than an attempt to cure insomnia. \" He also criticized the series for what he regarded as its poor story writing and unsatisfactory acting, giving it one out of five stars. Helen Razer of the \"Daily Review\" also gave the TV series a negative review, disparaging it as \"a poor attempt at promoting favourable propaganda about Australia\u2013United States relations\". Razer also criticized what she regarded as the tokenistic use of Aboriginal characters. Pat LaMarco of \"The Daily Free Press\" described the series as a \"dull and sluggish attempt at a thriller\". He also viewed the show's release on Netflix as a sign of what he regarded as the deteriorating quality of the streaming company's content. By contrast, Genevieve Burgess of Pajiba gave \"Pine Gap\" a favourable review, describing it as a \"spy thriller for people who don't like spy thrillers.\" She praised the series for its realistic low-stakes political thriller plot and for defying conventional Hollywood spying tropes by exploring the everyday challenges of its main cast members.", "Tailliez acquired a passion for free-diving and underwater photography. In the summer and autumn of 1943 he aided Cousteau in testing the prototype of the aqualung, making about five hundred dives, gradually going to deeper depths. These three divers would become known as the three \"mousquemers\" (musketeers of the sea). The Second World War separated their team temporarily and Tailliez in particular would take part at the time of the campaign in Syria, with naval action against the Vichy navy. On armistice leave and thus having time, in 1942 they made without breathing apparatus the first French underwater film: \" Par dix-huit m\u00e8tres de fond\" (= \"18 meters deep\"), and the next year \"Epaves\" (= \"Wrecks\"), this time with the Cousteau-Gagnan aqualung, and with the funds of the Marseilles company of reinflation \"Marcellin\". In the wartime shortages, to get movie film to make \"Epaves\", Cousteau had to buy up hundreds of unexposed short small-gauge films intended for children's toy cameras, and splice them end-to-end into movie-length reels. In 1945, the Gaullist admiral Lemonnier, having viewed this film, entrusted to Tailliez the direction of the G.R.S. (Group of Underwater Research) (which in 1950 became the G.E.R.S. (Group of Studies and Underwater Research), and is now CEPHISMER - \"CEllule Plong\u00e9e Humaine et Intervention Sous la MER\"). He had Cousteau and Dumas assigned there, and obtained a ship, the sloop \"Elie Monnier\".", "the base SX-64 unit features a color cathode ray tube (CRT) and an integrated 1541 floppy disk drive. Unlike most other C64s, the SX-64 does not have a cassette connector. Two designers at Commodore, Fred Bowen and Bil Herd, were determined to rectify the problems of the Plus/4. They intended that the eventual successors to the C64\u2014the Commodore 128 and 128D computers (1985)\u2014were to build upon the C64, avoiding the Plus/4's flaws. The successors had many improvements such as a structured BASIC with graphics and sound commands, 80-column display ability, and full CP/M compatibility. The decision to make the Commodore 128 plug compatible with the C64 was made quietly by Bowen and Herd, software and hardware designers respectively, without the knowledge or approval by the management in the post Jack Tramiel era. The designers were careful not to reveal their decision until the project was too far along to be challenged or changed and still make the impending Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. Upon learning that the C128 was designed to be compatible with the C64, Commodore's marketing department independently announced that the C128 would be 100% compatible with the C64, thereby raising the bar for C64 support. In a case of malicious compliance, the 128 design was altered to include a separate \"64 mode\" using a complete C64 environment to try to ensure total compatibility. The C64's designers intended the computer to have a new, wedge-shaped case within a year of release, but the change did not occur. In 1986, Commodore released the 64C computer, which is functionally identical to the original. The exterior design was remodeled in the sleeker style of the Commodore 128. The 64C uses new versions of the SID, VIC, and I/", "Jamie Dinan James Gerard Dinan (born 1959) is an American investor, hedge fund manager, philanthropist. He founded York Capital Management in 1991. James Gerard Dinan was born to a Roman Catholic family in 1959 in Baltimore, Maryland, one of five children of Robert and Jeannette Dinan. His father was a textile engineer and his mother a homemaker. In 1969, the family moved to Paxton, Massachusetts. In 1977, Dinan graduated from the private Bancroft School. He then went on to earn a B.S. from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania with a degree in economics in 1981. While at the University of Pennsylvania, Dinan joined Alpha Chi Rho, a northeastern fraternity. In 1981, he took a job with stock research firm, Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette (DLJ). In 1985, Dinan earned a M.B.A. from Harvard University. In 1985, he took a job at the merger arbitrage firm Kellner DiLeo & Company. In 1987, the market crashed and he lost his entire $600,000 in savings. In 1991, he was able to raise $3.6 million from his former DLJ colleagues and started his own hedge fund named York Capital (named after the street he was then living on, York Avenue). In 1993, his fund earned credibility with a 33.8 percent return and by 2000, the fund had over $610 million in assets. In 2010, he sold 33% of York to Credit Suisse for $425 million. In 2011, he made a $1 million donation to the Museum of the City of New York. In July 2014, Dinan gained partial ownership of the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks. In June 2017, he named two eventual successors to lead York Capital in the future."], "answer": {"text": "they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes.", "answer_start": 926}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "answer": {"text": "The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was special about this film that it won an award?", "answer": {"text": "1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another film after that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1943, they made the film Epaves", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8978de944de448c95b6636d9f30bdab_1_q#4", "question": "Who created the prototypes?", "rewrite": "Who created the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Austin Aqua Festival The Austin Aqua Festival (usually called Aqua Fest) was a ten-day festival held the first week of August on the shores of Town Lake (now Lady Bird Lake) in Austin, Texas from 1962 until 1998. The Austin Aqua Festival was created in 1962 to promote Austin and the Texas Highland Lakes as a top vacation area and to boost the local economy in what was normally a slow period. The first Aqua Fest occurred Aug. 3-12, 1962. Art Linkletter was the headliner for the event. The festival offered many water related events such as a 150-mile canoe race, fishing contests, a sailing regatta and an illuminated night time parade on the lake. There were many land based events also including the Miss Austin Aqua Beauty contest, a twilight land parade, a daytime military parade, a rodeo, golf tournament, concerts, dances and fireworks. Patrons of the fest could purchase a book of discount tickets to get into the various venues. The tickets were called Skipper Script. The next year, the script gave way to the Skipper Pin, which was purchased and pinned on the goers clothing, letting the workers know that the wearer was eligible for discounts on tickets. The central location for many of the events was \"Festival Beach,\" a small park on Town Lake between the city-owned power plant and a residential neighborhood. The city had originally created Town Lake as a cooling pond for the power plant. In 1964, the festival added one of its most popular and controversial events, drag boat racing on Town Lake. It also added a water skiing championship, kite flying championship and an Austin Grand Prix - sports car racing on city streets. The 1966 Aqua Fest started out with the world premiere of\" Batman\", with Adam West and other actors from the movie in attendance.", "Timema bartmani  Timema bartmani, or Bartman's timema, is a species of stick insect in the family Timematidae. It is found in North America.", "The years of World War II were decisive for the history of diving. After the armistice of 1940, the family of Simone and Jacques-Yves Cousteau took refuge in Megeve, where he became a friend of the Ichac family who also lived there. Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Marcel Ichac shared the same desire to reveal to the general public unknown and inaccessible places -- for Cousteau the underwater world and for Ichac the high mountains. The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands (Var) with Philippe Tailliez and Frederic Dumas, using a depth-pressure-proof camera case developed by mechanical engineer Leon Veche (engineer of Arts and Metiers and the Naval College). In 1943, they made the film Epaves (Shipwrecks), in which they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes. These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Emile Gagnan. When making Epaves, Cousteau could not find the necessary blank reels of movie film, but had to buy hundreds of small still camera film reels the same width, intended for a make of child's camera, and cemented them together to make long reels.", "When the Aqua-Lung became available for commercial use, divers around the world found a scuba device smaller and easier to carry than its precursor, which in fact was almost completely unknown outside France. In addition, and most importantly, the Aqua-Lung could be mounted on stronger and reliable air tanks holding up to 200 atmospheres, allowing extension of diving duration to more than an hour at significant depths (including the needed time for decompression stops). The first Cousteau-Gagnan Aqua-Lungs (like the CG45 of 1945 or the Mistral of 1955) were mainly twin-hose open-circuit scuba. They have since been made by various manufacturers with varying design details and numbers of cylinders. Like modern open-circuit scuba with single-hose regulators, they consisted of one or more high pressure diving cylinders and a diving regulator (the \"Aqua-Lung\") that supplied the diver with breathing gas at ambient pressure via a demand valve. For more than ten years, seen in the films \"\u00c9paves\" (\"Shipwrecks\", 1943) and \"Le Monde du silence\" (\"The Silent World\", 1956) the main scuba equipment used by Cousteau and his divers was an Aqua-Lung mounted on three diving cylinders, one being used as a safe air reserve. The Aqua-Lung allowed Cousteau's team and other divers to spend more time underwater and, along with the invention of several underwater cameras, to film and explore more freely. The original \"Aqua-Lung\" was an \"open-circuit\" design (so-called because gas flows from the cylinder, to the diver, out into the water). Other scuba systems that were invented before the \"Aqua-Lung\" were \"closed circuit\" (or \"rebreather\").", "Aqua Lung America Aqua Lung America (formerly U.S. Divers Company) is an American company based in Vista, California which makes scuba equipment. The company is a division of Aqua Lung International, which was, for most of its existence, a division of Air Liquide. Aqua Lung International was sold by Air Liquide to Montagu Private Equity by the end of 2016. After U.S. Divers Company was renamed Aqua Lung America, the name U.S. Divers was retained as a trademark for Aqua Lung's line of snorkelling equipment. The \"Aqua-Lung\" regulator was created by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and \u00c9mile Gagnan in 1943. In 1946, the company known as La Spirotechnique (now Aqua Lung International) was established by both men together with Jean Delorme, CEO of Air Liquide, as a division of Air Liquide to sell the Aqua-Lung regulators. In the United States, the Aqua-Lung regulator was first sold in the late 1940s by Ren\u00e9 Sporting Goods, a sporting goods store in Los Angeles, California owned by Ren\u00e9 Bussoz. He soon obtained a contract with La Spirotechnique to import Aqua-Lung equipment into the United States for sale on the Pacific coast (Spaco, Inc. had the contract for the Atlantic coast). In 1952, Bussoz changed the name of his company to \"U.S. Divers Company\" and registered the Aqua-Lung trademark in the United States. In 1957, Bussoz sold the company and the trade names to La Spirotechnique. Around 2003, U.S. Divers Company was renamed Aqua Lung America after La Spirotechnique changed its name to Aqua Lung International. The U.S. Divers name is maintained as a trademark for Aqua Lung's line of snorkelling equipment."], "answer": {"text": "These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company,", "answer_start": 980}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "answer": {"text": "The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was special about this film that it won an award?", "answer": {"text": "1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another film after that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1943, they made the film Epaves", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made this film special?", "answer": {"text": "they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes.", "answer_start": 926, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8978de944de448c95b6636d9f30bdab_1_q#5", "question": "Was he in the military?", "rewrite": "Was Cousteau in the military?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alexandra Cousteau Alexandra Marguerite Cl\u00e9mentine Cousteau (born March 21, 1976) is a filmmaker and an environmental activist. Cousteau continues the work of her grandfather Jacques-Yves Cousteau and father Philippe Cousteau, Sr. Cousteau advocates the importance of conservation, restoration and sustainable management of ocean and water resources for a healthy planet and productive societies. Cousteau is the daughter of Philippe Cousteau and Jan Cousteau and the granddaughter of French explorer and filmmaker Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Simone Cousteau. She is a member of the third generation Cousteau family who explore and explain the natural world. At the age of four months, Cousteau first went on expedition with her father, Philippe Cousteau and learned to scuba dive with her grandfather, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, when she was seven. Cousteau earned a Bachelor's degree in political science (International Relations) from Georgetown College in 1998. In May 2016, she received an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters from Georgetown University, her alma mater. In 2000, Cousteau co-founded EarthEcho International with her brother Philippe Cousteau Jr. to further her family's legacy in science, advocacy, and education. From 2005 to 2007, Cousteau worked on ocean conservation issues in Central America as an advisor for MarViva. In 2010, Cousteau led the Expedition Blue Planet: North America, a five-month, 18,000 miles of across the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. In 2014, Alexandra led an expedition to Canada in partnership with the Ottawa Riverkeeper and Aqua Hacking 2015, a conference focused on protecting the river. It's a joint initiative between Ottawa Riverkeeper, Alexandra Cousteau's Blue Legacy, and the de Gaspe Beaubien Foundation.", "Mission 31  Mission 31 was an undersea expedition organized by Fabien Cousteau. It was originally scheduled for November 2013, but was delayed to June 2014. On June 1, Cousteau and six crew members descended to the undersea laboratory Aquarius in the Florida Keys. Halfway through the expedition, three of crew were replaced, as had been planned. After 31 days, Cousteau and the crew ascended on July 2. Throughout Mission 31, Cousteau's team conducted extended scuba diving expeditions to collect scientific data and IMAX footage. They hosted various one-day guests, conversed live with classrooms, and kept in touch with the outside world via social media. Cousteau estimated that his team collected the equivalent of two years' worth of surface dive data, enough for 10 scientific papers. Mission 31 was envisioned as a tribute to Cousteau's grandfather, Jacques Cousteau, who spent 30 days living underwater in 1963. Fabien Cousteau thus beat his grandfather's record for time spent underwater by a film crew by one day. In 1963, French oceanographer and filmmaker Jacques Cousteau spent 30 days living underwater in Conshelf Two, in the Red Sea. The footage was turned into the Academy Award-winning film \"World Without Sun\". Subsequently, his television show, \"The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau\", was seen by audiences around the world. Cousteau was one of the world's first advocates for governmental action in environmental protection and, by the time of his death in 1997, was one of the world's most famous television personalities. Jacques Cousteau's grandson, Fabien Cousteau, organized Mission 31 as a tribute to his late grandfather.", "Philippe Cousteau Jr.  Philippe-Pierre Jacques-Yves Arnault Cousteau Jr. is the son of Philippe Cousteau and the grandson of Jacques Cousteau. Cousteau has continued the work of his father and grandfather by educating the public about environmental and conservation issues. In 2017, he received an Emmy nomination for hosting the syndicated science series \"Awesome Planet\". Philippe and his wife Ashlan Gorse Cousteau currently co-star in the Travel Channel series Caribbean Pirate Treasure, the second season of which is scheduled to air in 2018. The show won the Cynopsis TV Award for the best adventure reality series after its first season. Philippe Cousteau Jr. was born in Santa Monica, California in 1980 to Jan Cousteau, the widow of Philippe Cousteau, who died six months before the birth; he is the grandson of Jacques-Yves Cousteau. Cousteau grew up in France and the United States. He attended high school at St. George's School in Newport, Rhode Island, and later graduated from St. Andrews University in Scotland where he earned an M.A. in History. In 2000, he co-founded EarthEcho International with his mother Jan Cousteau and his sister Alexandra Cousteau. EarthEcho International is based in Washington, D.C., and its mission is to \"empower youth to take action that protects and restores our water planet.\" In 2007, he co-founded Azure Worldwide, an environmental consulting, development, marketing and media company which was the successor to his earlier for-profit venture, Thalassa Ventures Corporation.", "She was a fashion model originally from Los Angeles and more recently from New York. On 10 February 1967, they were married in Paris, France. Sullivan joined Cousteau on most of his father's expeditions (20 of 26 filming expeditions that spanned 13 years). They had two children, Alexandra Cousteau and Philippe Cousteau Jr.  Cousteau died in 1979, aged 38, when his PBY Catalina flying boat crashed in the Tagus river near Lisbon. The aircraft nosed over during a high-speed taxi run undertaken to check the hull for leakage. The propeller detached from the engine and killed Cousteau instantly. All others on board survived. His son Philippe Cousteau Jr. was born six months later. Philippe Cousteau received many awards and honors for his contribution to diving and underwater photography: He was nominated for four Emmy's, NOGI Award for Arts from the Underwater Society of America (now presented by The Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences) (1977), World Wildlife Award and many others. The Philippe Cousteau Anchor Museum in Asturias, Spain, honors the oceanographer. The lyc\u00e9e Philippe Cousteau in Saint-Andr\u00e9-de-Cubzac, France honors his work. His children Alexandra Cousteau and Philippe Cousteau Jr. continue the family work in oceanography as the Co-Founders of EarthEcho International.", "Jean-Michel Cousteau Jean-Michel Cousteau (born 6 May 1938) is a French oceanographic explorer, environmentalist, educator, and film producer. The first son of ocean explorer Jacques Cousteau, he is the father of Fabien Cousteau and C\u00e9line Cousteau. Cousteau is the son of Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Simone Melchior. Cousteau first dived with an aqua-lung in 1945 when he was 7 years old. Although he went to school to study architecture, he joined his father's Cousteau Society, serving for twenty years as executive vice president before striking out on his own in 1993 to produce environmental films. Cousteau and his father disagreed on the management and policies of the Society. After Cousteau opened a resort on a Fiji island utilizing the family name, Jacques-Yves Cousteau filed a lawsuit against him in 1996. In June 1996, a court signed an injunction requiring him to add, with equal prominence in placement, his first name to the hotel. Jean-Michel then founded the Ocean Futures Society in 1999, a marine conservation and education organization. In 2003, Francesca Sorrenti and Marisha Shibuya of the SKe GROUP project, in partnership with Jean-Michel Cousteau's Ocean Futures Society, collaborated to produce \"Water Culture\", a Trolley Books publication featuring a wide variety of photographer's water-related imagery and interviews with prominent world personalities on the problems facing our water supply. Cousteau is also Chairman of Green Cross France. Cousteau advocates for a world free of nuclear weapons, and is a member of the Advisory Council of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation. Cousteau is working on a documentary highlighting the epic and disastrous 2010 Gulf Oil Spill in which 11 workers were killed during an explosion of deepwater rig off the coast of Louisiana, United States."], "answer": {"text": "(he spent part of his childhood in the United States and usually spoke English) and with French soldiers in North Africa (under Admiral Lemonnier),", "answer_start": 44}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "answer": {"text": "The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was special about this film that it won an award?", "answer": {"text": "1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another film after that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1943, they made the film Epaves", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made this film special?", "answer": {"text": "they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes.", "answer_start": 926, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the prototypes?", "answer": {"text": "These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b8978de944de448c95b6636d9f30bdab_1_q#6", "question": "Did he have any influence over the diving equipment designs?", "rewrite": "Did Cousteau have any influence over diving equipment designs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aqua Lung/ La Spirotechnique La Spirotechnique (now Aqua Lung International) is a large and well-known firm which makes scuba and other self-contained breathing apparatus, and other diving equipment. It produced the Aqua-Lung line of regulators, like the CG45 (1945) and the Mistral (1955), among others. Until 2016, the company was a division of Air Liquide since its foundation in 1946. The company was sold to Montagu Private Equity in 2016. In December 1942 the \"lieutenant de vaisseau\" (ship-of-the-Line Lieutenant) Jacques-Yves Cousteau met in Paris for the first time the engineer \u00c9mile Gagnan, employee at Air Liquide, a French company specialising in compressed gas. Because of severe fuel restrictions due to the German occupation of France, Gagnan had miniaturized and adapted to gas generators a Rouquayrol-Denayrouze-type regulator. Invented in 1860, adapted to diving in 1864 and mass-produced as of 1865 (when the Ministry of the French Navy ordered the first apparati), the Rouquayrol-Denayrouze regulator was being commercialized in 1942 by the Bernard Piel Company, who had inherited the patent. Cousteau requested Gagnan to adapt his new own regulator to diving and both men patented in 1943 the first modern diving regulator. Early in 1943 Cousteau and Gagnan ordered Air Liquide to make at its factory in Boulogne-Billancourt two scuba set prototypes that Cousteau and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dumas used to shoot the underwater film \"\u00c9paves\" (\"Shipwrecks\"), directed by Cousteau the same year. They were the first modern diving regulators to be made.", "Diving equipment  Diving equipment is equipment used by underwater divers to make diving activities possible, easier, safer and/or more comfortable. This may be equipment primarily intended for this purpose, or equipment intended for other purposes which is found to be suitable for diving use. The fundamental item of diving equipment used by divers is underwater breathing apparatus, such as scuba equipment, and surface supplied diving equipment, but there are other important pieces of equipment that make diving safer, more convenient or more efficient. Diving equipment used by recreational scuba divers is mostly personal equipment carried by the diver, but professional divers, particularly when operating in the surface supplied or saturation mode, use a large amount of support equipment not carried by the diver. Equipment which is used for underwater work or other activities which is not directly related to the activity of diving, or which has not been designed or modified specifically for underwater use by divers is excluded. This is the diving equipment worn by or carried by the diver for personal protection or comfort, or to facilitate the diving aspect of the activity, and may include a selection from:  Thermal, sting and abrasion protection. The purposes of this class of personal equipment are to: Surface detection aids include:    National and international standards have been published for the manufacture and testing of diving equipment. Breathing apparatus Swim fins Diving masks Snorkels Buoyancy compensators Wet suits Dry suits Depth gauges", "Morse Diving Morse Diving is an American manufacturer of diving equipment. It was founded in 1837 as Morse & Fletcher in Boston MA. The name was changed in 1864 to A J Morse and Son and it remained under that name until 1905 when the company was incorporated and Inc. was added to the name. In 1940 the company was purchased and the name was changed to Morse Diving Equipment Company Incorporated and later moved its operations to Rockland, MA and continued under that name until 1998 when it was purchased by Kenneth Downey, an employee, and did business under the name of Morse Diving Inc. In 2014, Watson \"Robbie\" Holland seized control of the company and the name changed, yet again, to Morse International. Morse filed for bankruptcy and Diving Equipment and Supply Company (DESCO) acquired its assets in 2016. DESCO reverted to the name A J Morse & Son and Morse products will be marketed under that name. DESCO's business plan is to bring back the quality and products associated with the earlier name. DESCO has on re-introduced the breast plate feed (air being fed into the breast plate rather than the bonnet)helmet design from the early 1900s as its first offering. They also make the standard commercial model with the air feed in the rear of the helmet. The A J Morse & Son US Navy Mark V helmet is also offered. Morse Diving is the oldest manufacturer of diving equipment in the world and the 412th oldest officially recorded company ever, sharing its founding year (1837) with Tiffany and Co.  Morse Diving Equipment Company was one of the primary manufacturers of the famous United States Navy Mark V diving helmet; during World War II, other manufacturers of this helmet were Schrader, DESCO (Diving Equipment and Salvage Company), and Miller-Dunn. Morse also manufactured the next generation Mark 12 free flow diving helmet which was used by the US Navy for almost 20 years.", "After a year of development, \"Troy\", a long, submarine shaped like a great white shark, was ready for testing. Cousteau's initial attempts to drive Troy were \"a disaster\" as he was unable to get it to move straight. Once he mastered the steering, Troy was capable of fish-like motion. A wet sub, it was filled with water while operating. To breathe, Cousteau carried full diving equipment weighing about , which provided about 6.5 hours of air. He lay on his stomach, propped up on his elbows to operate Troy. The submarine was designed to survive a shark attack. Sharks appeared to view Troy as another shark. They stayed about away from it, the length of an adult shark, and rolled their eyes, puffed their gills, and changed directions in response to it. These behaviors were observed only in the presence of the submarine, not with free divers, although Cousteau said he was hesitant to say it proved the sharks saw Troy as a shark. Cousteau called the experience of being surrounded by up to five great white sharks at once a \"humbling experience. They're like 747s underwater ... but they are so graceful and so deceivingly calm, and very sure of themselves.\" For several weeks in 2005, Cousteau navigated among the sharks near Guadalupe Island, Mexico. The resulting documentary, entitled \"\", aired on CBS in 2006. In total, Cousteau filmed 170 hours of footage which were made available for scientific study. According to Cousteau, his crew was able to get good data on great white territorial boundaries. One night, while operating Troy, Cousteau lost contact with his support vehicles. \"I ended up anchoring Troy and swimming in absolute darkness to Isla de Guadalupe\", he recalled.", "In 1942, during the German occupation of France, Jacques-Yves Cousteau and \u00c9mile Gagnan designed the first successful and safe open-circuit scuba, known as the Aqua-Lung. Their system combined an improved demand regulator with high-pressure air tanks. \u00c9mile Gagnan, an engineer employed by the Air Liquide company, miniaturized and adapted the regulator to use with gas generators, in response to constant fuel shortage that was a consequence of German requisitioning. Gagnan's boss, Henri Melchior, knew that his son-in-law Jacques-Yves Cousteau was looking for an automatic demand regulator to increase the useful period of the underwater breathing apparatus invented by Commander le Prieur, so he introduced Cousteau to Gagnan in December 1942. On Cousteau's initiative, the Gagnan's regulator was adapted to diving, and the new Cousteau-Gagnan patent was registered some weeks later in 1943. Air Liquide started selling the Cousteau-Gagnan regulator commercially as of 1946 under the name of \"scaphandre Cousteau-Gagnan\" or CG45 (\"C\" for Cousteau, \"G\" for Gagnan and 45 for the 1945 patent). The same year Air Liquide created a division called \"La Spirotechnique\", to develop and sell regulators and other diving equipment. To sell his regulator in English-speaking countries Cousteau registered the Aqua-Lung trademark, which was first licensed to the U.S. Divers company (the American division of Air Liquide) and later sold with La Spirotechnique and U.S. Divers to finally become the name of the company, Aqua-Lung/La Spirotechnique, currently located in Carros, near Nice."], "answer": {"text": "following instructions from Cousteau and Emile Gagnan.", "answer_start": 1059}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the first film Jacques Cousteau made?", "answer": {"text": "The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was special about this film that it won an award?", "answer": {"text": "1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another film after that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1943, they made the film Epaves", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made this film special?", "answer": {"text": "they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes.", "answer_start": 926, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the prototypes?", "answer": {"text": "These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company,", "answer_start": 980, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the military?", "answer": {"text": "(he spent part of his childhood in the United States and usually spoke English) and with French soldiers in North Africa (under Admiral Lemonnier),", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcf066dfe02d42c19a7cebde5389bf6f_0_q#0", "question": "Are End Hits and The Argument names of Fugazi albums?", "rewrite": "Are End Hits and The Argument names of Fugazi albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fugazi discography The discography of Fugazi, an American post-hardcore band, consists of six studio albums, four EPs, a compilation album, a soundtrack album, a demo and a series of hundreds of live recordings. All of the band's releases have been published by Dischord Records, the independent record label co-owned and operated by Fugazi singer and guitarist Ian MacKaye. Fugazi formed in Washington, D.C., in 1987 with a lineup of MacKaye, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty. Guy Picciotto soon joined as a second singer, and the band released an eponymously titled EP in 1988. By the following year's \"Margin Walker\" EP, Picciotto was also playing guitar. The two EPs were compiled together as \"13 Songs\" (1989). A third EP, \"3 Songs\", was released in a collectors edition by Sub Pop Records in 1989 and more widely with different artwork by Dischord in 1990. Later that year came Fugazi's first full-length studio album, \"Repeater\", which was coupled with the \"3 Songs\" EP for its CD release. 1991's \"Steady Diet of Nothing\" was their first album to chart, reaching no. 63 on the UK Albums Chart. \" In on the Kill Taker\" (1993) was their first album to chart on the \"Billboard\" 200, reaching no. 153. 1995's \"Red Medicine\" became the highest-charting album of Fugazi's career, reaching no. 126 in the United States and no. 18 in the United Kingdom. \" End Hits\" followed in 1998.", "In conjunction with \"Instrument\", director Jem Cohen's 1999 documentary film about the band, Fugazi released the \"Instrument Soundtrack\", consisting of instrumental music and previously unreleased studio outtakes and demos. The band's sixth studio album, \"The Argument\", was released in 2001 along with the \"Furniture\" EP. Fugazi has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, Dischord remastered and re-released \"13 Songs\", \"Repeater\", \"Steady Diet of Nothing\", \"In on the Kill Taker\", \"Red Medicine\", and \"End Hits\". The \"Fugazi Live Series\", an ongoing effort by Dischord to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts, began in 2004. Initially releasing the shows on CD, the series switched to a digital distribution system in 2011. On November 18, 2014, Dischord released \"First Demo\", 11 tracks the band recorded in January 1988. The \"Fugazi Live Series\" is an ongoing project by Dischord Records to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts performed between 1987 and 2003. From early in their career, Fugazi had their sound engineers record most of their live performances. In 2004 Dischord released 20 of these recordings on compact disc, burning them to CD-Rs on a per-order basis.<ref name=\"Punknews 4/20/04\"></ref > 10 more recordings were released in the same manner the following year.<ref name=\"Punknews 12/26/05\"></ref > In December 2011 Dischord began releasing the entire archive of recordings as music downloads, using a \"pay what you want\" pricing system. The following Fugazi songs were released on compilation albums.", "After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of Red Medicine, Fugazi took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the End Hits album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Released on April 28, 1998 the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts. However, critical reaction to End Hits was mixed. Many critics praised the album's heavier tracks, while others questioned the inclusion of the group's longer, more experimental songs. Fugazi began work on The Argument in 1999. This process saw the group taking more time than usual to write and demo material. Each member would bring his own individual riffs and ideas to the band, jam on them, and then begin piecing the songs together into various configurations before deciding on what would become the final versions. The album's recording sessions took place between January and April 2001 at Inner Ear Studios and Dischord House in Arlington, VA, located just outside Washington D.C. The band once again worked with producer/engineer Don Zientara. During the recording process a considerable amount of time was spent finalizing each song's production, in particular the album's drum tracks, in an effort to give it a unique feel. Drummer Brendan Canty explained to Modern Drummer that \"We recorded them all very differently in terms of the drum sounds.", "End Hits End Hits is the fifth studio album by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi. It was recorded at Inner Ear Studios from March 1997 to September 1997 and produced by Don Zientara & Fugazi. It was released on April 28, 1998 through Dischord Records. The album saw the band continuing with and expanding upon the in-studio experimentation of their previous album \"Red Medicine\". Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Due to the album's title, many speculated that it would be the band's last release, although the title literally refers to the end-of-the-album drum hits by drummer Brendan Canty that occur after the last song on the album, \"F/D,\" ends. These drum hits are actually outtakes from the bridge-section of the track \"No Surprise,\" the fourth song on the album. The title was later revealed to have been an inside-joke by the band. After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of their previous album, 1995's \"Red Medicine \" they took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the \"End Hits\" album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. A wide variety of sound effects and unusual microphone placements were used during both the recording and mixing process. In addition, the band used electronic drums, synthesizers and the practice of drum-layering for the first time, which is most evident on the track \"Closed Captioned.\"", "The Argument The Argument is the sixth and, to date, final studio album from the post-hardcore band Fugazi released on October 16, 2001 through Dischord Records. It was recorded at Don Zientara's Inner Ear Studios in Arlington, VA and the Dischord House between January and April 2001. Upon release it was met with critical and commercial success. It was the band's last release (simultaneously with \"Furniture\") before going on indefinite hiatus in 2003, until the release of \"First Demo\" over thirteen years later. \"The Argument\" saw Fugazi continue to expand upon the more experimental art punk leanings of \"Red Medicine\" and \"End Hits\" while also heavily incorporating other instruments, such as piano and cello into their sound. The album also featured the first extensive contributions from outside musicians, most notably longtime stage-tech Jerry Busher, who added percussion on a second drum set to several of the album's songs as well as Kathi Wilcox of Bikini Kill and Bridget Cross of Unrest who provided additional backing vocals. When asked about the meaning of the album's title by \"Guitar World\" in a 2001 interview, singer/guitarist Ian MacKaye described it (and the song title from which the album name comes), as \"an anti-war manifesto.\" MacKaye expanded upon this by stating, \"A main point of the song is that I will not agree with war across the board. It also talks about a greater argument: that these giant airplanes are dropping tons of homicidal weaponry, blowing the shit out of everybody, and guys are running around with guns. And that is an argument of colossal scale.\" The band began work on \"The Argument\" in 1999, after touring in support of \"End Hits\". This process saw the group taking more time than usual to write and demo material."], "answer": {"text": "begin recording what would become the End Hits album", "answer_start": 277}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fcf066dfe02d42c19a7cebde5389bf6f_0_q#1", "question": "When was End Hits released?", "rewrite": "When was the Fugazi album End Hits released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of Red Medicine, Fugazi took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the End Hits album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Released on April 28, 1998 the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts. However, critical reaction to End Hits was mixed. Many critics praised the album's heavier tracks, while others questioned the inclusion of the group's longer, more experimental songs. Fugazi began work on The Argument in 1999. This process saw the group taking more time than usual to write and demo material. Each member would bring his own individual riffs and ideas to the band, jam on them, and then begin piecing the songs together into various configurations before deciding on what would become the final versions. The album's recording sessions took place between January and April 2001 at Inner Ear Studios and Dischord House in Arlington, VA, located just outside Washington D.C. The band once again worked with producer/engineer Don Zientara. During the recording process a considerable amount of time was spent finalizing each song's production, in particular the album's drum tracks, in an effort to give it a unique feel. Drummer Brendan Canty explained to Modern Drummer that \"We recorded them all very differently in terms of the drum sounds.", "Fugazi discography The discography of Fugazi, an American post-hardcore band, consists of six studio albums, four EPs, a compilation album, a soundtrack album, a demo and a series of hundreds of live recordings. All of the band's releases have been published by Dischord Records, the independent record label co-owned and operated by Fugazi singer and guitarist Ian MacKaye. Fugazi formed in Washington, D.C., in 1987 with a lineup of MacKaye, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty. Guy Picciotto soon joined as a second singer, and the band released an eponymously titled EP in 1988. By the following year's \"Margin Walker\" EP, Picciotto was also playing guitar. The two EPs were compiled together as \"13 Songs\" (1989). A third EP, \"3 Songs\", was released in a collectors edition by Sub Pop Records in 1989 and more widely with different artwork by Dischord in 1990. Later that year came Fugazi's first full-length studio album, \"Repeater\", which was coupled with the \"3 Songs\" EP for its CD release. 1991's \"Steady Diet of Nothing\" was their first album to chart, reaching no. 63 on the UK Albums Chart. \" In on the Kill Taker\" (1993) was their first album to chart on the \"Billboard\" 200, reaching no. 153. 1995's \"Red Medicine\" became the highest-charting album of Fugazi's career, reaching no. 126 in the United States and no. 18 in the United Kingdom. \" End Hits\" followed in 1998.", "End Hits End Hits is the fifth studio album by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi. It was recorded at Inner Ear Studios from March 1997 to September 1997 and produced by Don Zientara & Fugazi. It was released on April 28, 1998 through Dischord Records. The album saw the band continuing with and expanding upon the in-studio experimentation of their previous album \"Red Medicine\". Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Due to the album's title, many speculated that it would be the band's last release, although the title literally refers to the end-of-the-album drum hits by drummer Brendan Canty that occur after the last song on the album, \"F/D,\" ends. These drum hits are actually outtakes from the bridge-section of the track \"No Surprise,\" the fourth song on the album. The title was later revealed to have been an inside-joke by the band. After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of their previous album, 1995's \"Red Medicine \" they took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the \"End Hits\" album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. A wide variety of sound effects and unusual microphone placements were used during both the recording and mixing process. In addition, the band used electronic drums, synthesizers and the practice of drum-layering for the first time, which is most evident on the track \"Closed Captioned.\"", "In conjunction with \"Instrument\", director Jem Cohen's 1999 documentary film about the band, Fugazi released the \"Instrument Soundtrack\", consisting of instrumental music and previously unreleased studio outtakes and demos. The band's sixth studio album, \"The Argument\", was released in 2001 along with the \"Furniture\" EP. Fugazi has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, Dischord remastered and re-released \"13 Songs\", \"Repeater\", \"Steady Diet of Nothing\", \"In on the Kill Taker\", \"Red Medicine\", and \"End Hits\". The \"Fugazi Live Series\", an ongoing effort by Dischord to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts, began in 2004. Initially releasing the shows on CD, the series switched to a digital distribution system in 2011. On November 18, 2014, Dischord released \"First Demo\", 11 tracks the band recorded in January 1988. The \"Fugazi Live Series\" is an ongoing project by Dischord Records to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts performed between 1987 and 2003. From early in their career, Fugazi had their sound engineers record most of their live performances. In 2004 Dischord released 20 of these recordings on compact disc, burning them to CD-Rs on a per-order basis.<ref name=\"Punknews 4/20/04\"></ref > 10 more recordings were released in the same manner the following year.<ref name=\"Punknews 12/26/05\"></ref > In December 2011 Dischord began releasing the entire archive of recordings as music downloads, using a \"pay what you want\" pricing system. The following Fugazi songs were released on compilation albums.", "Instrument (film) Instrument is a documentary film directed by Jem Cohen about the band Fugazi. Cohen's relationship with band member Ian MacKaye extends back to the 1970s when the two met in high school in Washington, D.C.. The film takes its title from the Fugazi song of the same name, from their 1993 album, \"In on the Kill Taker\". Editing of the film was done by both Cohen and the members of the band over the course of five years. It was shot from 1987 through 1998 on super 8, 16mm and video and is composed mainly of footage of concerts, interviews with the band members, practices, tours and time spent in the studio recording their 1995 album, \"Red Medicine\". The film also includes portraits of fans as well as interviews with them at various Fugazi shows around the United States throughout the years. The Instrument Soundtrack by Fugazi was released in conjunction with the film. It consisted primarily of instrumental and unreleased songs (including many demo cuts from \"End Hits\", their next album after the soundtrack). When asked what the goal was in making \"Instrument\", Cohen responded: One such misconception is shared in a scene where drummer Brendan Canty tells his bandmates how his sister's boyfriend believes that Fugazi lives in a house together without heat and subsisting on a steady diet of nothing but rice. Cohen has also said that \"[o]ne of the reasons why I work with Fugazi and they work with me is that we enjoy traveling through this madness. It's what they write songs about and it's what I try to document in my films.\""], "answer": {"text": "Released on April 28, 1998", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are End Hits and The Argument names of Fugazi albums?", "answer": {"text": "begin recording what would become the End Hits album", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcf066dfe02d42c19a7cebde5389bf6f_0_q#2", "question": "Was this album successful?", "rewrite": "Was the Fugazi album End Hits successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fugazi discography The discography of Fugazi, an American post-hardcore band, consists of six studio albums, four EPs, a compilation album, a soundtrack album, a demo and a series of hundreds of live recordings. All of the band's releases have been published by Dischord Records, the independent record label co-owned and operated by Fugazi singer and guitarist Ian MacKaye. Fugazi formed in Washington, D.C., in 1987 with a lineup of MacKaye, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty. Guy Picciotto soon joined as a second singer, and the band released an eponymously titled EP in 1988. By the following year's \"Margin Walker\" EP, Picciotto was also playing guitar. The two EPs were compiled together as \"13 Songs\" (1989). A third EP, \"3 Songs\", was released in a collectors edition by Sub Pop Records in 1989 and more widely with different artwork by Dischord in 1990. Later that year came Fugazi's first full-length studio album, \"Repeater\", which was coupled with the \"3 Songs\" EP for its CD release. 1991's \"Steady Diet of Nothing\" was their first album to chart, reaching no. 63 on the UK Albums Chart. \" In on the Kill Taker\" (1993) was their first album to chart on the \"Billboard\" 200, reaching no. 153. 1995's \"Red Medicine\" became the highest-charting album of Fugazi's career, reaching no. 126 in the United States and no. 18 in the United Kingdom. \" End Hits\" followed in 1998.", "End Hits End Hits is the fifth studio album by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi. It was recorded at Inner Ear Studios from March 1997 to September 1997 and produced by Don Zientara & Fugazi. It was released on April 28, 1998 through Dischord Records. The album saw the band continuing with and expanding upon the in-studio experimentation of their previous album \"Red Medicine\". Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Due to the album's title, many speculated that it would be the band's last release, although the title literally refers to the end-of-the-album drum hits by drummer Brendan Canty that occur after the last song on the album, \"F/D,\" ends. These drum hits are actually outtakes from the bridge-section of the track \"No Surprise,\" the fourth song on the album. The title was later revealed to have been an inside-joke by the band. After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of their previous album, 1995's \"Red Medicine \" they took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the \"End Hits\" album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. A wide variety of sound effects and unusual microphone placements were used during both the recording and mixing process. In addition, the band used electronic drums, synthesizers and the practice of drum-layering for the first time, which is most evident on the track \"Closed Captioned.\"", "After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of Red Medicine, Fugazi took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the End Hits album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Released on April 28, 1998 the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts. However, critical reaction to End Hits was mixed. Many critics praised the album's heavier tracks, while others questioned the inclusion of the group's longer, more experimental songs. Fugazi began work on The Argument in 1999. This process saw the group taking more time than usual to write and demo material. Each member would bring his own individual riffs and ideas to the band, jam on them, and then begin piecing the songs together into various configurations before deciding on what would become the final versions. The album's recording sessions took place between January and April 2001 at Inner Ear Studios and Dischord House in Arlington, VA, located just outside Washington D.C. The band once again worked with producer/engineer Don Zientara. During the recording process a considerable amount of time was spent finalizing each song's production, in particular the album's drum tracks, in an effort to give it a unique feel. Drummer Brendan Canty explained to Modern Drummer that \"We recorded them all very differently in terms of the drum sounds.", "Instrument (film) Instrument is a documentary film directed by Jem Cohen about the band Fugazi. Cohen's relationship with band member Ian MacKaye extends back to the 1970s when the two met in high school in Washington, D.C.. The film takes its title from the Fugazi song of the same name, from their 1993 album, \"In on the Kill Taker\". Editing of the film was done by both Cohen and the members of the band over the course of five years. It was shot from 1987 through 1998 on super 8, 16mm and video and is composed mainly of footage of concerts, interviews with the band members, practices, tours and time spent in the studio recording their 1995 album, \"Red Medicine\". The film also includes portraits of fans as well as interviews with them at various Fugazi shows around the United States throughout the years. The Instrument Soundtrack by Fugazi was released in conjunction with the film. It consisted primarily of instrumental and unreleased songs (including many demo cuts from \"End Hits\", their next album after the soundtrack). When asked what the goal was in making \"Instrument\", Cohen responded: One such misconception is shared in a scene where drummer Brendan Canty tells his bandmates how his sister's boyfriend believes that Fugazi lives in a house together without heat and subsisting on a steady diet of nothing but rice. Cohen has also said that \"[o]ne of the reasons why I work with Fugazi and they work with me is that we enjoy traveling through this madness. It's what they write songs about and it's what I try to document in my films.\"", "In conjunction with \"Instrument\", director Jem Cohen's 1999 documentary film about the band, Fugazi released the \"Instrument Soundtrack\", consisting of instrumental music and previously unreleased studio outtakes and demos. The band's sixth studio album, \"The Argument\", was released in 2001 along with the \"Furniture\" EP. Fugazi has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, Dischord remastered and re-released \"13 Songs\", \"Repeater\", \"Steady Diet of Nothing\", \"In on the Kill Taker\", \"Red Medicine\", and \"End Hits\". The \"Fugazi Live Series\", an ongoing effort by Dischord to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts, began in 2004. Initially releasing the shows on CD, the series switched to a digital distribution system in 2011. On November 18, 2014, Dischord released \"First Demo\", 11 tracks the band recorded in January 1988. The \"Fugazi Live Series\" is an ongoing project by Dischord Records to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts performed between 1987 and 2003. From early in their career, Fugazi had their sound engineers record most of their live performances. In 2004 Dischord released 20 of these recordings on compact disc, burning them to CD-Rs on a per-order basis.<ref name=\"Punknews 4/20/04\"></ref > 10 more recordings were released in the same manner the following year.<ref name=\"Punknews 12/26/05\"></ref > In December 2011 Dischord began releasing the entire archive of recordings as music downloads, using a \"pay what you want\" pricing system. The following Fugazi songs were released on compilation albums."], "answer": {"text": "the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts.", "answer_start": 666}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are End Hits and The Argument names of Fugazi albums?", "answer": {"text": "begin recording what would become the End Hits album", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was End Hits released?", "answer": {"text": "Released on April 28, 1998", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcf066dfe02d42c19a7cebde5389bf6f_0_q#3", "question": "When was The Argument released?", "rewrite": "When was the Fugazi album The Argument released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In conjunction with \"Instrument\", director Jem Cohen's 1999 documentary film about the band, Fugazi released the \"Instrument Soundtrack\", consisting of instrumental music and previously unreleased studio outtakes and demos. The band's sixth studio album, \"The Argument\", was released in 2001 along with the \"Furniture\" EP. Fugazi has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, Dischord remastered and re-released \"13 Songs\", \"Repeater\", \"Steady Diet of Nothing\", \"In on the Kill Taker\", \"Red Medicine\", and \"End Hits\". The \"Fugazi Live Series\", an ongoing effort by Dischord to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts, began in 2004. Initially releasing the shows on CD, the series switched to a digital distribution system in 2011. On November 18, 2014, Dischord released \"First Demo\", 11 tracks the band recorded in January 1988. The \"Fugazi Live Series\" is an ongoing project by Dischord Records to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts performed between 1987 and 2003. From early in their career, Fugazi had their sound engineers record most of their live performances. In 2004 Dischord released 20 of these recordings on compact disc, burning them to CD-Rs on a per-order basis.<ref name=\"Punknews 4/20/04\"></ref > 10 more recordings were released in the same manner the following year.<ref name=\"Punknews 12/26/05\"></ref > In December 2011 Dischord began releasing the entire archive of recordings as music downloads, using a \"pay what you want\" pricing system. The following Fugazi songs were released on compilation albums.", "13 Songs (Fugazi album) 13 Songs is a compilation of all the songs from the American post-hardcore band Fugazi's first two EPs. It was released in September 1989. The EPs compiled were \"Fugazi\" (1988), which was recorded at Inner Ear Studios in June 1988 with Ted Niceley & Don Zientara, and \"Margin Walker\" (1989), which was recorded in December 1988 at Southern Studios in London with John Loder handling production duties. The EPs had been on Ian MacKaye's Dischord Records as numbers 30 and 35, respectively. \" 13 Songs\" was number 36. A remastered version was released in February 2003. \"13 Songs\" is Fugazi's most successful release, with total worldwide sales over 3 million. In 2005, \"13 Songs\" was ranked 29 in \"Spin\"'s \"100 Greatest Albums, 1985\u20132005\". \"NME\" ranked it #284 in their list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" in 2014. \"Paste\" ranked it at #57 on their list of \"The 80 Best Albums of the 1980s\". In 2016, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked it 35th on their list of the \"40 Greatest Punk Albums of All Time\". \"Waiting Room\" was featured on The Wildhearts covers album \"Stop Us If You've Heard This One Before Vol 1. \" Ska band Mustard Plug recorded the song for a split 7\" and continue to cover it live. Atom & His Package have recorded a cover of the song. It has also been played live by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Arcade Fire, Billy Talent, and TV on the Radio. Chimera used \"Waiting Room\" in their composition ' My Guitar Hangs Itself'.", "Fugazi discography The discography of Fugazi, an American post-hardcore band, consists of six studio albums, four EPs, a compilation album, a soundtrack album, a demo and a series of hundreds of live recordings. All of the band's releases have been published by Dischord Records, the independent record label co-owned and operated by Fugazi singer and guitarist Ian MacKaye. Fugazi formed in Washington, D.C., in 1987 with a lineup of MacKaye, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty. Guy Picciotto soon joined as a second singer, and the band released an eponymously titled EP in 1988. By the following year's \"Margin Walker\" EP, Picciotto was also playing guitar. The two EPs were compiled together as \"13 Songs\" (1989). A third EP, \"3 Songs\", was released in a collectors edition by Sub Pop Records in 1989 and more widely with different artwork by Dischord in 1990. Later that year came Fugazi's first full-length studio album, \"Repeater\", which was coupled with the \"3 Songs\" EP for its CD release. 1991's \"Steady Diet of Nothing\" was their first album to chart, reaching no. 63 on the UK Albums Chart. \" In on the Kill Taker\" (1993) was their first album to chart on the \"Billboard\" 200, reaching no. 153. 1995's \"Red Medicine\" became the highest-charting album of Fugazi's career, reaching no. 126 in the United States and no. 18 in the United Kingdom. \" End Hits\" followed in 1998.", "Club Fugazi The Club Fugazi is a small theater and nightclub located in the North Beach, San Francisco, California district of San Francisco, California. The address is 678 Green Street, although the portion of Green Street in front of the club was renamed Beach Blanket Babylon Boulevard in 1996, in honor of the musical revue that has played at the Club Fugazi since 1974. The theater is on the ground floor in a building which is formally known as Casa Coloniale Italiana John F. Fugazi, a community center for the Italian Colony of San Francisco. The building was financed by a donation from Cavaliere Ufficiale John F. Fugazi, who founded the Columbus Savings and Loan Society in 1893 as well as the Banca Popolare Operaia Italiana in 1906. Both banks eventually merged with the Bank of Italy, which was later renamed the Bank of America. Fugazi had promised to establish a community center for the Italian Colony of San Francisco following the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906, but it wasn't until 1913 that the project began. Fugazi Hall was built in 1913 on a parcel of land donated by Fugazi's second wife, Joanna Fugazi. The building was designed by Italian architect Italo Zanolini, who also designed the Banca Popolare Operaia Italiana building at 2 Columbus Avenue (1906) most recently occupied by the Church of Scientology, as well as the building at 255 Columbus Avenue (1916), most recently occupied by Vesuvio Restaurant. Zanolini also designed John F. Fugazi's private mausoleum chapel at the Italian Cemetery in Colma. Fugazi establish a trust to ensure that future generations of Italian-Americans would be able to utilize the building.", "DC EP DC EP is the third EP by John Frusciante, released on September 14, 2004 on Record Collection. Produced by Ian Mackaye, of Fugazi, the EP is the third recording in a series of six, released from June 2004 to February 2005, by Frusciante. According to Frusciante: \"These songs were written while I was on tour for \"By the Way\". I was listening to the Velvet Underground a lot. It's only four songs and fifteen minutes long. I'm used to producing my records myself, and when I left that in the hands of Fugazi's Ian MacKaye, using equipment that wasn't mine, playing instruments that weren't mine, everything was different. \" The guitar tracks that appear were recorded with one of Guy Picciotto's Marshall JCM 800 amplifiers, the same featured on the artwork for the Fugazi album, \"Red Medicine\". For the guitar solo on \"Dissolve,\" Frusciante also used Picciotto's Les Paul Junior. On the vinyl release of the EP, the words \" And then the past\" were inscribed on side A, and \"I never see you\" on side B, referring to Frusciante's forthcoming album, \"Curtains\". The vinyl edition of the record saw a repressing from Record Collection on December 11, 2012. These reissued records are 180 gram and come with a download of choice between MP3 and WAV formats of the album. The title \"DC EP\" refers to the place near where it was recorded, Washington DC. The album was recorded at Inner Ear Studios in nearby Arlington, Virginia."], "answer": {"text": "The Argument was released by Dischord Records on October 16, 2001,", "answer_start": 65}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are End Hits and The Argument names of Fugazi albums?", "answer": {"text": "begin recording what would become the End Hits album", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was End Hits released?", "answer": {"text": "Released on April 28, 1998", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album successful?", "answer": {"text": "the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts.", "answer_start": 666, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcf066dfe02d42c19a7cebde5389bf6f_0_q#4", "question": "Did The Argument win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Fugazi album The Argument win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In conjunction with \"Instrument\", director Jem Cohen's 1999 documentary film about the band, Fugazi released the \"Instrument Soundtrack\", consisting of instrumental music and previously unreleased studio outtakes and demos. The band's sixth studio album, \"The Argument\", was released in 2001 along with the \"Furniture\" EP. Fugazi has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, Dischord remastered and re-released \"13 Songs\", \"Repeater\", \"Steady Diet of Nothing\", \"In on the Kill Taker\", \"Red Medicine\", and \"End Hits\". The \"Fugazi Live Series\", an ongoing effort by Dischord to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts, began in 2004. Initially releasing the shows on CD, the series switched to a digital distribution system in 2011. On November 18, 2014, Dischord released \"First Demo\", 11 tracks the band recorded in January 1988. The \"Fugazi Live Series\" is an ongoing project by Dischord Records to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts performed between 1987 and 2003. From early in their career, Fugazi had their sound engineers record most of their live performances. In 2004 Dischord released 20 of these recordings on compact disc, burning them to CD-Rs on a per-order basis.<ref name=\"Punknews 4/20/04\"></ref > 10 more recordings were released in the same manner the following year.<ref name=\"Punknews 12/26/05\"></ref > In December 2011 Dischord began releasing the entire archive of recordings as music downloads, using a \"pay what you want\" pricing system. The following Fugazi songs were released on compilation albums.", "DC EP DC EP is the third EP by John Frusciante, released on September 14, 2004 on Record Collection. Produced by Ian Mackaye, of Fugazi, the EP is the third recording in a series of six, released from June 2004 to February 2005, by Frusciante. According to Frusciante: \"These songs were written while I was on tour for \"By the Way\". I was listening to the Velvet Underground a lot. It's only four songs and fifteen minutes long. I'm used to producing my records myself, and when I left that in the hands of Fugazi's Ian MacKaye, using equipment that wasn't mine, playing instruments that weren't mine, everything was different. \" The guitar tracks that appear were recorded with one of Guy Picciotto's Marshall JCM 800 amplifiers, the same featured on the artwork for the Fugazi album, \"Red Medicine\". For the guitar solo on \"Dissolve,\" Frusciante also used Picciotto's Les Paul Junior. On the vinyl release of the EP, the words \" And then the past\" were inscribed on side A, and \"I never see you\" on side B, referring to Frusciante's forthcoming album, \"Curtains\". The vinyl edition of the record saw a repressing from Record Collection on December 11, 2012. These reissued records are 180 gram and come with a download of choice between MP3 and WAV formats of the album. The title \"DC EP\" refers to the place near where it was recorded, Washington DC. The album was recorded at Inner Ear Studios in nearby Arlington, Virginia.", "Club Fugazi The Club Fugazi is a small theater and nightclub located in the North Beach, San Francisco, California district of San Francisco, California. The address is 678 Green Street, although the portion of Green Street in front of the club was renamed Beach Blanket Babylon Boulevard in 1996, in honor of the musical revue that has played at the Club Fugazi since 1974. The theater is on the ground floor in a building which is formally known as Casa Coloniale Italiana John F. Fugazi, a community center for the Italian Colony of San Francisco. The building was financed by a donation from Cavaliere Ufficiale John F. Fugazi, who founded the Columbus Savings and Loan Society in 1893 as well as the Banca Popolare Operaia Italiana in 1906. Both banks eventually merged with the Bank of Italy, which was later renamed the Bank of America. Fugazi had promised to establish a community center for the Italian Colony of San Francisco following the Great Earthquake and Fire of 1906, but it wasn't until 1913 that the project began. Fugazi Hall was built in 1913 on a parcel of land donated by Fugazi's second wife, Joanna Fugazi. The building was designed by Italian architect Italo Zanolini, who also designed the Banca Popolare Operaia Italiana building at 2 Columbus Avenue (1906) most recently occupied by the Church of Scientology, as well as the building at 255 Columbus Avenue (1916), most recently occupied by Vesuvio Restaurant. Zanolini also designed John F. Fugazi's private mausoleum chapel at the Italian Cemetery in Colma. Fugazi establish a trust to ensure that future generations of Italian-Americans would be able to utilize the building.", "13 Songs (Fugazi album) 13 Songs is a compilation of all the songs from the American post-hardcore band Fugazi's first two EPs. It was released in September 1989. The EPs compiled were \"Fugazi\" (1988), which was recorded at Inner Ear Studios in June 1988 with Ted Niceley & Don Zientara, and \"Margin Walker\" (1989), which was recorded in December 1988 at Southern Studios in London with John Loder handling production duties. The EPs had been on Ian MacKaye's Dischord Records as numbers 30 and 35, respectively. \" 13 Songs\" was number 36. A remastered version was released in February 2003. \"13 Songs\" is Fugazi's most successful release, with total worldwide sales over 3 million. In 2005, \"13 Songs\" was ranked 29 in \"Spin\"'s \"100 Greatest Albums, 1985\u20132005\". \"NME\" ranked it #284 in their list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" in 2014. \"Paste\" ranked it at #57 on their list of \"The 80 Best Albums of the 1980s\". In 2016, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked it 35th on their list of the \"40 Greatest Punk Albums of All Time\". \"Waiting Room\" was featured on The Wildhearts covers album \"Stop Us If You've Heard This One Before Vol 1. \" Ska band Mustard Plug recorded the song for a split 7\" and continue to cover it live. Atom & His Package have recorded a cover of the song. It has also been played live by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Arcade Fire, Billy Talent, and TV on the Radio. Chimera used \"Waiting Room\" in their composition ' My Guitar Hangs Itself'.", "Fugazi discography The discography of Fugazi, an American post-hardcore band, consists of six studio albums, four EPs, a compilation album, a soundtrack album, a demo and a series of hundreds of live recordings. All of the band's releases have been published by Dischord Records, the independent record label co-owned and operated by Fugazi singer and guitarist Ian MacKaye. Fugazi formed in Washington, D.C., in 1987 with a lineup of MacKaye, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty. Guy Picciotto soon joined as a second singer, and the band released an eponymously titled EP in 1988. By the following year's \"Margin Walker\" EP, Picciotto was also playing guitar. The two EPs were compiled together as \"13 Songs\" (1989). A third EP, \"3 Songs\", was released in a collectors edition by Sub Pop Records in 1989 and more widely with different artwork by Dischord in 1990. Later that year came Fugazi's first full-length studio album, \"Repeater\", which was coupled with the \"3 Songs\" EP for its CD release. 1991's \"Steady Diet of Nothing\" was their first album to chart, reaching no. 63 on the UK Albums Chart. \" In on the Kill Taker\" (1993) was their first album to chart on the \"Billboard\" 200, reaching no. 153. 1995's \"Red Medicine\" became the highest-charting album of Fugazi's career, reaching no. 126 in the United States and no. 18 in the United Kingdom. \" End Hits\" followed in 1998."], "answer": {"text": "The album was met with critical and commercial success entering the Billboard charts and selling over 170,000 copies in its first week of release.", "answer_start": 211}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are End Hits and The Argument names of Fugazi albums?", "answer": {"text": "begin recording what would become the End Hits album", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was End Hits released?", "answer": {"text": "Released on April 28, 1998", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album successful?", "answer": {"text": "the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts.", "answer_start": 666, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Argument released?", "answer": {"text": "The Argument was released by Dischord Records on October 16, 2001,", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcf066dfe02d42c19a7cebde5389bf6f_0_q#5", "question": "When did they tour for these albums?", "rewrite": "When did Fugazi tour for the albums The Argument and End Hits?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Argument The Argument is the sixth and, to date, final studio album from the post-hardcore band Fugazi released on October 16, 2001 through Dischord Records. It was recorded at Don Zientara's Inner Ear Studios in Arlington, VA and the Dischord House between January and April 2001. Upon release it was met with critical and commercial success. It was the band's last release (simultaneously with \"Furniture\") before going on indefinite hiatus in 2003, until the release of \"First Demo\" over thirteen years later. \"The Argument\" saw Fugazi continue to expand upon the more experimental art punk leanings of \"Red Medicine\" and \"End Hits\" while also heavily incorporating other instruments, such as piano and cello into their sound. The album also featured the first extensive contributions from outside musicians, most notably longtime stage-tech Jerry Busher, who added percussion on a second drum set to several of the album's songs as well as Kathi Wilcox of Bikini Kill and Bridget Cross of Unrest who provided additional backing vocals. When asked about the meaning of the album's title by \"Guitar World\" in a 2001 interview, singer/guitarist Ian MacKaye described it (and the song title from which the album name comes), as \"an anti-war manifesto.\" MacKaye expanded upon this by stating, \"A main point of the song is that I will not agree with war across the board. It also talks about a greater argument: that these giant airplanes are dropping tons of homicidal weaponry, blowing the shit out of everybody, and guys are running around with guns. And that is an argument of colossal scale.\" The band began work on \"The Argument\" in 1999, after touring in support of \"End Hits\". This process saw the group taking more time than usual to write and demo material.", "In conjunction with \"Instrument\", director Jem Cohen's 1999 documentary film about the band, Fugazi released the \"Instrument Soundtrack\", consisting of instrumental music and previously unreleased studio outtakes and demos. The band's sixth studio album, \"The Argument\", was released in 2001 along with the \"Furniture\" EP. Fugazi has been on an indefinite hiatus since 2002. Between 2002 and 2008, Dischord remastered and re-released \"13 Songs\", \"Repeater\", \"Steady Diet of Nothing\", \"In on the Kill Taker\", \"Red Medicine\", and \"End Hits\". The \"Fugazi Live Series\", an ongoing effort by Dischord to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts, began in 2004. Initially releasing the shows on CD, the series switched to a digital distribution system in 2011. On November 18, 2014, Dischord released \"First Demo\", 11 tracks the band recorded in January 1988. The \"Fugazi Live Series\" is an ongoing project by Dischord Records to release recordings of over 800 Fugazi concerts performed between 1987 and 2003. From early in their career, Fugazi had their sound engineers record most of their live performances. In 2004 Dischord released 20 of these recordings on compact disc, burning them to CD-Rs on a per-order basis.<ref name=\"Punknews 4/20/04\"></ref > 10 more recordings were released in the same manner the following year.<ref name=\"Punknews 12/26/05\"></ref > In December 2011 Dischord began releasing the entire archive of recordings as music downloads, using a \"pay what you want\" pricing system. The following Fugazi songs were released on compilation albums.", "Fugazi discography The discography of Fugazi, an American post-hardcore band, consists of six studio albums, four EPs, a compilation album, a soundtrack album, a demo and a series of hundreds of live recordings. All of the band's releases have been published by Dischord Records, the independent record label co-owned and operated by Fugazi singer and guitarist Ian MacKaye. Fugazi formed in Washington, D.C., in 1987 with a lineup of MacKaye, bassist Joe Lally, and drummer Brendan Canty. Guy Picciotto soon joined as a second singer, and the band released an eponymously titled EP in 1988. By the following year's \"Margin Walker\" EP, Picciotto was also playing guitar. The two EPs were compiled together as \"13 Songs\" (1989). A third EP, \"3 Songs\", was released in a collectors edition by Sub Pop Records in 1989 and more widely with different artwork by Dischord in 1990. Later that year came Fugazi's first full-length studio album, \"Repeater\", which was coupled with the \"3 Songs\" EP for its CD release. 1991's \"Steady Diet of Nothing\" was their first album to chart, reaching no. 63 on the UK Albums Chart. \" In on the Kill Taker\" (1993) was their first album to chart on the \"Billboard\" 200, reaching no. 153. 1995's \"Red Medicine\" became the highest-charting album of Fugazi's career, reaching no. 126 in the United States and no. 18 in the United Kingdom. \" End Hits\" followed in 1998.", "End Hits End Hits is the fifth studio album by the American post-hardcore band Fugazi. It was recorded at Inner Ear Studios from March 1997 to September 1997 and produced by Don Zientara & Fugazi. It was released on April 28, 1998 through Dischord Records. The album saw the band continuing with and expanding upon the in-studio experimentation of their previous album \"Red Medicine\". Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Due to the album's title, many speculated that it would be the band's last release, although the title literally refers to the end-of-the-album drum hits by drummer Brendan Canty that occur after the last song on the album, \"F/D,\" ends. These drum hits are actually outtakes from the bridge-section of the track \"No Surprise,\" the fourth song on the album. The title was later revealed to have been an inside-joke by the band. After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of their previous album, 1995's \"Red Medicine \" they took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the \"End Hits\" album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. A wide variety of sound effects and unusual microphone placements were used during both the recording and mixing process. In addition, the band used electronic drums, synthesizers and the practice of drum-layering for the first time, which is most evident on the track \"Closed Captioned.\"", "After the grueling worldwide tour the band had completed in support of Red Medicine, Fugazi took an extended break and also began writing material for a follow up release. By March 1997 Fugazi had once again returned to Inner Ear Studios with producer/engineer Don Zientara to begin recording what would become the End Hits album with the intention of taking a more relaxed approach to recording and a longer amount of time to experiment with different songs and techniques in the studio. The group ultimately spent 7 months recording the album. Due to the title, rumors began circulating at the time that it was to be their last release. Released on April 28, 1998 the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts. However, critical reaction to End Hits was mixed. Many critics praised the album's heavier tracks, while others questioned the inclusion of the group's longer, more experimental songs. Fugazi began work on The Argument in 1999. This process saw the group taking more time than usual to write and demo material. Each member would bring his own individual riffs and ideas to the band, jam on them, and then begin piecing the songs together into various configurations before deciding on what would become the final versions. The album's recording sessions took place between January and April 2001 at Inner Ear Studios and Dischord House in Arlington, VA, located just outside Washington D.C. The band once again worked with producer/engineer Don Zientara. During the recording process a considerable amount of time was spent finalizing each song's production, in particular the album's drum tracks, in an effort to give it a unique feel. Drummer Brendan Canty explained to Modern Drummer that \"We recorded them all very differently in terms of the drum sounds."], "answer": {"text": "due in large part to other professional and personal commitments, they performed only 32 shows in 2001 and 2002 respectively.", "answer_start": 736}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are End Hits and The Argument names of Fugazi albums?", "answer": {"text": "begin recording what would become the End Hits album", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was End Hits released?", "answer": {"text": "Released on April 28, 1998", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album successful?", "answer": {"text": "the album was commercially successful and marked one of the band's highest debuts yet on the Billboard charts.", "answer_start": 666, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Argument released?", "answer": {"text": "The Argument was released by Dischord Records on October 16, 2001,", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did The Argument win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The album was met with critical and commercial success entering the Billboard charts and selling over 170,000 copies in its first week of release.", "answer_start": 211, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#0", "question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "rewrite": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge.", "These 06' codes are often referred to as \"accident codes\". Code sharing is massive lists of free codes posted on third party sites that can be used to redeem huge numbers of points. Trading codes also takes place on the website as well. Also, in order to encourage kids to buy the most recent Upper Deck products, codes from the backs of cards that are older than six months now are worth half of their original rewards points value. Under the executive direction of McWilliam, Upper Deck became known as a litigious company. Stars like Mickey Mantle, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ted Williams, Upper Deck employees, vendors and even licensors were forced to the courts to settle simple disputes with McWilliam. Pelton & Associates successfully froze all of Upper Deck's product shipments after they proved to the court that they actually owned the custom logos, designs and packaging and that Upper Deck had not paid them. Konami - After Upper Deck admitted to counterfeiting cards, the lawsuit was settled out of court. MLB - filed a federal lawsuit in New York against Upper Deck, accusing the company of trademark infringement and illegally selling cards that feature official team logos and uniforms. The complaint also notes that Upper Deck owes MLB $2.4 million. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - Upper Deck used six photos of Abdul-Jabbar during his college years without permission. The photos were part of a trading card series called \"Greats of the Game,\" which also had Abdul-Jabbar's name and signature. \"Abdul-Jabbar never authorized the production of the cards,\" the suit reads according to Courthouse News.", "The Celtics took a 35\u201319 lead in the first quarter and never looked back on the way to a 98\u201383 win in Milwaukee. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 35 points for the Bucks. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 36 points, but more importantly, he took more of a role in running the Bucks' offense from the post, given their backcourt issues. His passing enabled Bob Dandridge to score 24 points. On the defensive end, Abdul-Jabbar forced Dave Cowens into shooting 3-of-13 from the floor, including a block of a Cowens shot at the end of regulation to force overtime. The Bucks won 105-96 to even the series at a game apiece as it headed to Boston. This game, played on April 30, was the last NBA Championship Series game played in the month of April to date. Sensing he was no match for Abdul-Jabbar in the paint , Dave Cowens decided to shoot more from the outside and scored 30 points, despite foul trouble that reduced him to 32 minutes of playing time. The Celtics' press also turned up the heat, forcing 11 first-quarter turnovers and helping Boston to a 21-point lead. With Cowens in foul trouble, seldom-used 7-footer Henry Finkel did an admirable job of spot defense on Abdul-Jabbar, who finished with 26 points. At game's end, the Bucks had turned the ball over 27 times, enough for a 95\u201383 Boston win. This would be the last time the home team won in the series. With Ron Williams unable to handle the Celtics' press and shooting guard Jon McGlocklin nursing a sprained ankle, Bucks coach Larry Costello turned to little-used forward Mickey Davis for help in the backcourt.", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002)."], "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#1", "question": "When did the new name take effect?", "rewrite": "When did the name Kareem Abdul-Jabbar take effect?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky.", "Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002).", "These 06' codes are often referred to as \"accident codes\". Code sharing is massive lists of free codes posted on third party sites that can be used to redeem huge numbers of points. Trading codes also takes place on the website as well. Also, in order to encourage kids to buy the most recent Upper Deck products, codes from the backs of cards that are older than six months now are worth half of their original rewards points value. Under the executive direction of McWilliam, Upper Deck became known as a litigious company. Stars like Mickey Mantle, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ted Williams, Upper Deck employees, vendors and even licensors were forced to the courts to settle simple disputes with McWilliam. Pelton & Associates successfully froze all of Upper Deck's product shipments after they proved to the court that they actually owned the custom logos, designs and packaging and that Upper Deck had not paid them. Konami - After Upper Deck admitted to counterfeiting cards, the lawsuit was settled out of court. MLB - filed a federal lawsuit in New York against Upper Deck, accusing the company of trademark infringement and illegally selling cards that feature official team logos and uniforms. The complaint also notes that Upper Deck owes MLB $2.4 million. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - Upper Deck used six photos of Abdul-Jabbar during his college years without permission. The photos were part of a trading card series called \"Greats of the Game,\" which also had Abdul-Jabbar's name and signature. \"Abdul-Jabbar never authorized the production of the cards,\" the suit reads according to Courthouse News.", "The Celtics took a 35\u201319 lead in the first quarter and never looked back on the way to a 98\u201383 win in Milwaukee. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 35 points for the Bucks. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 36 points, but more importantly, he took more of a role in running the Bucks' offense from the post, given their backcourt issues. His passing enabled Bob Dandridge to score 24 points. On the defensive end, Abdul-Jabbar forced Dave Cowens into shooting 3-of-13 from the floor, including a block of a Cowens shot at the end of regulation to force overtime. The Bucks won 105-96 to even the series at a game apiece as it headed to Boston. This game, played on April 30, was the last NBA Championship Series game played in the month of April to date. Sensing he was no match for Abdul-Jabbar in the paint , Dave Cowens decided to shoot more from the outside and scored 30 points, despite foul trouble that reduced him to 32 minutes of playing time. The Celtics' press also turned up the heat, forcing 11 first-quarter turnovers and helping Boston to a 21-point lead. With Cowens in foul trouble, seldom-used 7-footer Henry Finkel did an admirable job of spot defense on Abdul-Jabbar, who finished with 26 points. At game's end, the Bucks had turned the ball over 27 times, enough for a 95\u201383 Boston win. This would be the last time the home team won in the series. With Ron Williams unable to handle the Celtics' press and shooting guard Jon McGlocklin nursing a sprained ankle, Bucks coach Larry Costello turned to little-used forward Mickey Davis for help in the backcourt."], "answer": {"text": "At age 24 in 1971,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#2", "question": "How did he get it?", "rewrite": "How did Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Celtics took a 35\u201319 lead in the first quarter and never looked back on the way to a 98\u201383 win in Milwaukee. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 35 points for the Bucks. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 36 points, but more importantly, he took more of a role in running the Bucks' offense from the post, given their backcourt issues. His passing enabled Bob Dandridge to score 24 points. On the defensive end, Abdul-Jabbar forced Dave Cowens into shooting 3-of-13 from the floor, including a block of a Cowens shot at the end of regulation to force overtime. The Bucks won 105-96 to even the series at a game apiece as it headed to Boston. This game, played on April 30, was the last NBA Championship Series game played in the month of April to date. Sensing he was no match for Abdul-Jabbar in the paint , Dave Cowens decided to shoot more from the outside and scored 30 points, despite foul trouble that reduced him to 32 minutes of playing time. The Celtics' press also turned up the heat, forcing 11 first-quarter turnovers and helping Boston to a 21-point lead. With Cowens in foul trouble, seldom-used 7-footer Henry Finkel did an admirable job of spot defense on Abdul-Jabbar, who finished with 26 points. At game's end, the Bucks had turned the ball over 27 times, enough for a 95\u201383 Boston win. This would be the last time the home team won in the series. With Ron Williams unable to handle the Celtics' press and shooting guard Jon McGlocklin nursing a sprained ankle, Bucks coach Larry Costello turned to little-used forward Mickey Davis for help in the backcourt.", "Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge.", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002).", "These 06' codes are often referred to as \"accident codes\". Code sharing is massive lists of free codes posted on third party sites that can be used to redeem huge numbers of points. Trading codes also takes place on the website as well. Also, in order to encourage kids to buy the most recent Upper Deck products, codes from the backs of cards that are older than six months now are worth half of their original rewards points value. Under the executive direction of McWilliam, Upper Deck became known as a litigious company. Stars like Mickey Mantle, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ted Williams, Upper Deck employees, vendors and even licensors were forced to the courts to settle simple disputes with McWilliam. Pelton & Associates successfully froze all of Upper Deck's product shipments after they proved to the court that they actually owned the custom logos, designs and packaging and that Upper Deck had not paid them. Konami - After Upper Deck admitted to counterfeiting cards, the lawsuit was settled out of court. MLB - filed a federal lawsuit in New York against Upper Deck, accusing the company of trademark infringement and illegally selling cards that feature official team logos and uniforms. The complaint also notes that Upper Deck owes MLB $2.4 million. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - Upper Deck used six photos of Abdul-Jabbar during his college years without permission. The photos were part of a trading card series called \"Greats of the Game,\" which also had Abdul-Jabbar's name and signature. \"Abdul-Jabbar never authorized the production of the cards,\" the suit reads according to Courthouse News."], "answer": {"text": "he converted to Islam", "answer_start": 19}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the new name take effect?", "answer": {"text": "At age 24 in 1971,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#3", "question": "What made him convert?", "rewrite": "What made Kareem Abdul-Jabbar convert to Islam?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002).", "At age 24 in 1971, he converted to Islam and became Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, which means \"the noble one, servant of the Almighty.\" He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis. Abdul-Jabbar purchased and donated 7700 16th Street NW, a house in Washington, D.C. for Khaalis to use as the Hanafi Madh-Hab Center. Eventually, Kareem \"found that [he] disagreed with some of Hamaas' teachings about the Quran, and [they] parted ways.\" Speaking about the thinking behind his change of name when he converted to Islam he stated that he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims. My family was brought to America by a French planter named Alcindor, who came here from Trinidad in the 18th century. My people were Yoruba, and their culture survived slavery...  My father found out about that when I was a kid, and it gave me all I needed to know that, hey, I was somebody, even if nobody else knew about it. When I was a kid, no one would believe anything positive that you could say about black people. And that's a terrible burden on black people, because they don't have an accurate idea of their history, which has been either suppressed or distorted.\" In 1998, Abdul-Jabbar reached a settlement after suing Miami Dolphins running back Karim Abdul-Jabbar (now Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar, born Sharmon Shah) because he felt Karim was sponging off the name he made famous by having the Abdul-Jabbar moniker and number 33 on his Dolphins jersey.", "The information sharing model assumes that individuals search concurrently for finding and joining opportunities while the producer-scrounger model assumes that the search modes are mutually exclusive. Hopping with the head facing up and downward are observed to be statistically associated with the frequencies of a bird's joining and finding, respectively. When the expected stable frequency of the scrounger tactic was altered by changing the availability of seeds, the relative frequency of hopping with the head up changed accordingly. When the seed distribution made the scrounger tactic unprofitable, the frequency of hopping with the head up diminished and appears to support the predictions of the producer-scrounger model. Studies show that scaly-breasted munias tend to adopt the scrounger tactic when food is more clumped and when the group size increases. When most foragers adopt scrounging, the time taken to discover new food patches is greater. Most social foragers must search for food while also avoiding predators. It has been suggested that individuals that play scrounger could also, by virtue of their head position, be alert for predators and hence contribute to antipredatory vigilance. If the scrounger tactic is compatible with antipredatory vigilance, then an increase in antipredatory vigilance should lead to the detection of more joining opportunities, and hence more joining. When stationary, the head-up tactic has been shown to be associated with antipredatory vigilance. However scanning while hopping does not aid in vigilance and it is thought that the scrounger tactic is incompatible with antipredatory vigilance in the scaly-breasted munia. Scaly-breasted munias have variable competitive behaviors that allow them to exploit scarce resources.", "Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge."], "answer": {"text": "he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims.", "answer_start": 514}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the new name take effect?", "answer": {"text": "At age 24 in 1971,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get it?", "answer": {"text": "he converted to Islam", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#4", "question": "Was it controversial?", "rewrite": "Was  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar converting to Islam controversial?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["At age 24 in 1971, he converted to Islam and became Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, which means \"the noble one, servant of the Almighty.\" He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis. Abdul-Jabbar purchased and donated 7700 16th Street NW, a house in Washington, D.C. for Khaalis to use as the Hanafi Madh-Hab Center. Eventually, Kareem \"found that [he] disagreed with some of Hamaas' teachings about the Quran, and [they] parted ways.\" Speaking about the thinking behind his change of name when he converted to Islam he stated that he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims. My family was brought to America by a French planter named Alcindor, who came here from Trinidad in the 18th century. My people were Yoruba, and their culture survived slavery...  My father found out about that when I was a kid, and it gave me all I needed to know that, hey, I was somebody, even if nobody else knew about it. When I was a kid, no one would believe anything positive that you could say about black people. And that's a terrible burden on black people, because they don't have an accurate idea of their history, which has been either suppressed or distorted.\" In 1998, Abdul-Jabbar reached a settlement after suing Miami Dolphins running back Karim Abdul-Jabbar (now Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar, born Sharmon Shah) because he felt Karim was sponging off the name he made famous by having the Abdul-Jabbar moniker and number 33 on his Dolphins jersey.", "Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge.", "These 06' codes are often referred to as \"accident codes\". Code sharing is massive lists of free codes posted on third party sites that can be used to redeem huge numbers of points. Trading codes also takes place on the website as well. Also, in order to encourage kids to buy the most recent Upper Deck products, codes from the backs of cards that are older than six months now are worth half of their original rewards points value. Under the executive direction of McWilliam, Upper Deck became known as a litigious company. Stars like Mickey Mantle, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ted Williams, Upper Deck employees, vendors and even licensors were forced to the courts to settle simple disputes with McWilliam. Pelton & Associates successfully froze all of Upper Deck's product shipments after they proved to the court that they actually owned the custom logos, designs and packaging and that Upper Deck had not paid them. Konami - After Upper Deck admitted to counterfeiting cards, the lawsuit was settled out of court. MLB - filed a federal lawsuit in New York against Upper Deck, accusing the company of trademark infringement and illegally selling cards that feature official team logos and uniforms. The complaint also notes that Upper Deck owes MLB $2.4 million. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - Upper Deck used six photos of Abdul-Jabbar during his college years without permission. The photos were part of a trading card series called \"Greats of the Game,\" which also had Abdul-Jabbar's name and signature. \"Abdul-Jabbar never authorized the production of the cards,\" the suit reads according to Courthouse News.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002).", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the new name take effect?", "answer": {"text": "At age 24 in 1971,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get it?", "answer": {"text": "he converted to Islam", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him convert?", "answer": {"text": "he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#5", "question": "What religion was he raised with?", "rewrite": "What religion was Kareem Abdul-Jabbar raised with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["These 06' codes are often referred to as \"accident codes\". Code sharing is massive lists of free codes posted on third party sites that can be used to redeem huge numbers of points. Trading codes also takes place on the website as well. Also, in order to encourage kids to buy the most recent Upper Deck products, codes from the backs of cards that are older than six months now are worth half of their original rewards points value. Under the executive direction of McWilliam, Upper Deck became known as a litigious company. Stars like Mickey Mantle, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ted Williams, Upper Deck employees, vendors and even licensors were forced to the courts to settle simple disputes with McWilliam. Pelton & Associates successfully froze all of Upper Deck's product shipments after they proved to the court that they actually owned the custom logos, designs and packaging and that Upper Deck had not paid them. Konami - After Upper Deck admitted to counterfeiting cards, the lawsuit was settled out of court. MLB - filed a federal lawsuit in New York against Upper Deck, accusing the company of trademark infringement and illegally selling cards that feature official team logos and uniforms. The complaint also notes that Upper Deck owes MLB $2.4 million. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - Upper Deck used six photos of Abdul-Jabbar during his college years without permission. The photos were part of a trading card series called \"Greats of the Game,\" which also had Abdul-Jabbar's name and signature. \"Abdul-Jabbar never authorized the production of the cards,\" the suit reads according to Courthouse News.", "Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge.", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky.", "The Celtics took a 35\u201319 lead in the first quarter and never looked back on the way to a 98\u201383 win in Milwaukee. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 35 points for the Bucks. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 36 points, but more importantly, he took more of a role in running the Bucks' offense from the post, given their backcourt issues. His passing enabled Bob Dandridge to score 24 points. On the defensive end, Abdul-Jabbar forced Dave Cowens into shooting 3-of-13 from the floor, including a block of a Cowens shot at the end of regulation to force overtime. The Bucks won 105-96 to even the series at a game apiece as it headed to Boston. This game, played on April 30, was the last NBA Championship Series game played in the month of April to date. Sensing he was no match for Abdul-Jabbar in the paint , Dave Cowens decided to shoot more from the outside and scored 30 points, despite foul trouble that reduced him to 32 minutes of playing time. The Celtics' press also turned up the heat, forcing 11 first-quarter turnovers and helping Boston to a 21-point lead. With Cowens in foul trouble, seldom-used 7-footer Henry Finkel did an admirable job of spot defense on Abdul-Jabbar, who finished with 26 points. At game's end, the Bucks had turned the ball over 27 times, enough for a 95\u201383 Boston win. This would be the last time the home team won in the series. With Ron Williams unable to handle the Celtics' press and shooting guard Jon McGlocklin nursing a sprained ankle, Bucks coach Larry Costello turned to little-used forward Mickey Davis for help in the backcourt.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the new name take effect?", "answer": {"text": "At age 24 in 1971,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get it?", "answer": {"text": "he converted to Islam", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him convert?", "answer": {"text": "he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it controversial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#6", "question": "Is religion a big part of his life?", "rewrite": "Is religion a big part of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar life?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky.", "Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002).", "These 06' codes are often referred to as \"accident codes\". Code sharing is massive lists of free codes posted on third party sites that can be used to redeem huge numbers of points. Trading codes also takes place on the website as well. Also, in order to encourage kids to buy the most recent Upper Deck products, codes from the backs of cards that are older than six months now are worth half of their original rewards points value. Under the executive direction of McWilliam, Upper Deck became known as a litigious company. Stars like Mickey Mantle, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ted Williams, Upper Deck employees, vendors and even licensors were forced to the courts to settle simple disputes with McWilliam. Pelton & Associates successfully froze all of Upper Deck's product shipments after they proved to the court that they actually owned the custom logos, designs and packaging and that Upper Deck had not paid them. Konami - After Upper Deck admitted to counterfeiting cards, the lawsuit was settled out of court. MLB - filed a federal lawsuit in New York against Upper Deck, accusing the company of trademark infringement and illegally selling cards that feature official team logos and uniforms. The complaint also notes that Upper Deck owes MLB $2.4 million. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - Upper Deck used six photos of Abdul-Jabbar during his college years without permission. The photos were part of a trading card series called \"Greats of the Game,\" which also had Abdul-Jabbar's name and signature. \"Abdul-Jabbar never authorized the production of the cards,\" the suit reads according to Courthouse News.", "The Celtics took a 35\u201319 lead in the first quarter and never looked back on the way to a 98\u201383 win in Milwaukee. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 35 points for the Bucks. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 36 points, but more importantly, he took more of a role in running the Bucks' offense from the post, given their backcourt issues. His passing enabled Bob Dandridge to score 24 points. On the defensive end, Abdul-Jabbar forced Dave Cowens into shooting 3-of-13 from the floor, including a block of a Cowens shot at the end of regulation to force overtime. The Bucks won 105-96 to even the series at a game apiece as it headed to Boston. This game, played on April 30, was the last NBA Championship Series game played in the month of April to date. Sensing he was no match for Abdul-Jabbar in the paint , Dave Cowens decided to shoot more from the outside and scored 30 points, despite foul trouble that reduced him to 32 minutes of playing time. The Celtics' press also turned up the heat, forcing 11 first-quarter turnovers and helping Boston to a 21-point lead. With Cowens in foul trouble, seldom-used 7-footer Henry Finkel did an admirable job of spot defense on Abdul-Jabbar, who finished with 26 points. At game's end, the Bucks had turned the ball over 27 times, enough for a 95\u201383 Boston win. This would be the last time the home team won in the series. With Ron Williams unable to handle the Celtics' press and shooting guard Jon McGlocklin nursing a sprained ankle, Bucks coach Larry Costello turned to little-used forward Mickey Davis for help in the backcourt."], "answer": {"text": "Speaking about the thinking behind his change of name when he converted to Islam he stated that he was \"latching on to something", "answer_start": 418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the new name take effect?", "answer": {"text": "At age 24 in 1971,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get it?", "answer": {"text": "he converted to Islam", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him convert?", "answer": {"text": "he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it controversial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What religion was he raised with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3ee15bcbe235434eaa91f75cc4585eca_0_q#7", "question": "Did his family agree with the name change?", "rewrite": "Did Kareem Abdul-Jabbar's family agree with the name change?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Davis at 6'7\" presented matchup problems on offense for Jo Jo White, forcing Celtics coach Tom Heinsohn to assign Don Chaney to guard him. This enabled Oscar Robertson to more effectively set up the Bucks' offense. Davis contributed 15 points and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar shredded the Celtics for 34 points and six assists from the low post. Milwaukee got the lead and kept it down the stretch for a 97\u201389 win at Boston Garden, thereby regaining homecourt advantage. The Celtics stole the homecourt advantage back with a 96\u201387 win in Milwaukee. John Havlicek and Dave Cowens scored 28 points each and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar scored 37 points. They would have a chance to close it out at home in Game 6. Dave Cowens got into foul trouble early and watched from the bench as Milwaukee took a 12-point lead in the first half. The Celtics were down by six late in the game, but they came back to force overtime. John Havlicek hit a long jumper to tie it at 86\u201386 with a little over a minute left, then Oscar Robertson was caught in a 24-second violation as time expired. In the first overtime, Milwaukee led 90-88 when Don Chaney got a steal and passed to Havlicek. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was back on defense and forced Havlicek to take a pull-up jumper. Havlicek missed but got the long rebound and scored to send the game into a second overtime. The second overtime was a furious nip-and-tuck affair, with the lead changing hands 11 times. After Bob Dandridge hit a pair of free throws, Havlicek, who had nine of his team's 11 points in the period, hit a short jumper from the baseline and was fouled by Dandridge.", "These 06' codes are often referred to as \"accident codes\". Code sharing is massive lists of free codes posted on third party sites that can be used to redeem huge numbers of points. Trading codes also takes place on the website as well. Also, in order to encourage kids to buy the most recent Upper Deck products, codes from the backs of cards that are older than six months now are worth half of their original rewards points value. Under the executive direction of McWilliam, Upper Deck became known as a litigious company. Stars like Mickey Mantle, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Ted Williams, Upper Deck employees, vendors and even licensors were forced to the courts to settle simple disputes with McWilliam. Pelton & Associates successfully froze all of Upper Deck's product shipments after they proved to the court that they actually owned the custom logos, designs and packaging and that Upper Deck had not paid them. Konami - After Upper Deck admitted to counterfeiting cards, the lawsuit was settled out of court. MLB - filed a federal lawsuit in New York against Upper Deck, accusing the company of trademark infringement and illegally selling cards that feature official team logos and uniforms. The complaint also notes that Upper Deck owes MLB $2.4 million. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar - Upper Deck used six photos of Abdul-Jabbar during his college years without permission. The photos were part of a trading card series called \"Greats of the Game,\" which also had Abdul-Jabbar's name and signature. \"Abdul-Jabbar never authorized the production of the cards,\" the suit reads according to Courthouse News.", "\"Streetball Crew Book One Sasquatch in the Paint\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2013) \u2022 \"Streetball Crew Book Two Stealing the Game\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Disney-Hyperion, 2015) \u2022 \"Mycroft Holmes and the Apocalypse Handbook\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (2017) (graphic novel) \u2022 \"Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Time, 2016) \u2022 \"Coach Wooden and Me: Our 50-Year Friendship On and Off the Court\". editorial advisor to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Grand Central, 2017) \u2022 \"Becoming Kareem: Growing Up On and Off the Court\", with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Little Brown Books, 2017)  1992 - Delacorte Young Adult Novel Award for Joker and the Thief 1981 - Nominated for Edgar Allen Poe Award for Dead Heat 2013 - NAACP Image Award for What Color Is My World 2017 - Nominated NAACP Image Award for Becoming Kareem   Obstfeld married Loretta Obstfeld, an award-winning poet and English professor at Orange Coast College, in 1990. They have two children: Max (b. 1998) and Harper (b. 2002).", "At age 24 in 1971, he converted to Islam and became Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, which means \"the noble one, servant of the Almighty.\" He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis. Abdul-Jabbar purchased and donated 7700 16th Street NW, a house in Washington, D.C. for Khaalis to use as the Hanafi Madh-Hab Center. Eventually, Kareem \"found that [he] disagreed with some of Hamaas' teachings about the Quran, and [they] parted ways.\" Speaking about the thinking behind his change of name when he converted to Islam he stated that he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims. My family was brought to America by a French planter named Alcindor, who came here from Trinidad in the 18th century. My people were Yoruba, and their culture survived slavery...  My father found out about that when I was a kid, and it gave me all I needed to know that, hey, I was somebody, even if nobody else knew about it. When I was a kid, no one would believe anything positive that you could say about black people. And that's a terrible burden on black people, because they don't have an accurate idea of their history, which has been either suppressed or distorted.\" In 1998, Abdul-Jabbar reached a settlement after suing Miami Dolphins running back Karim Abdul-Jabbar (now Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar, born Sharmon Shah) because he felt Karim was sponging off the name he made famous by having the Abdul-Jabbar moniker and number 33 on his Dolphins jersey.", "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Award The Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Center of the Year Award is an annual basketball award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the top men's collegiate center. Following the success of the Bob Cousy Award which had been awarded since 2004, the award was one of four new awards (along with the Jerry West Award, Julius Erving Award and Karl Malone Award) created as part of the inaugural College Basketball Awards show in 2015. It is named after three-time NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Champion, three-time NCAA Basketball Tournament Most Outstanding Player, and three-time National Player of the Year Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. The inaugural winner was Frank Kaminsky."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did  Kareem Abdul-Jabbar get the name from?", "answer": {"text": "He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis.", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the new name take effect?", "answer": {"text": "At age 24 in 1971,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he get it?", "answer": {"text": "he converted to Islam", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him convert?", "answer": {"text": "he was \"latching on to something that was part of my heritage, because many of the slaves who were brought here were Muslims.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it controversial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What religion was he raised with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is religion a big part of his life?", "answer": {"text": "Speaking about the thinking behind his change of name when he converted to Islam he stated that he was \"latching on to something", "answer_start": 418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#0", "question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "rewrite": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Owens Wiwa Monday Owens Wiwa (born 10 October 1957 in Bori, Nigeria) is a medical doctor and human rights activist. He is the brother of executed Ogoni leader Ken Saro-Wiwa, and the son of Ogoni chief Jim Wiwa. Wiwa is an internationally renowned expert on the effects of globalisation, especially as it relates to the highly controversial business practices of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta. Vice-chairman of the Toronto chapter of the Sierra Club Canada and an active member of Amnesty International, Wiwa is frequently called upon to advocate for development programs in Canada and abroad and to campaign for increased corporate responsibility. This work has taken him to Ireland, which he visits in support of the Shell to Sea campaign. Currently, he is the Country Director for the Clinton Health Access Initiative in Nigeria. Wiwa graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in 1985 and completed his internship at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. In 1989, he founded his own private clinic in the Ogoni town of Bori. The six kingdoms of the Ogoni\u2014Gokana, Ken-Khana, Nyo-Khana, Eleme, Babbe and Tai\u2014are situated in the southeast corner of Nigeria's Rivers State in the heart of the Niger River delta. A tribe of fishermen and farmers, the Ogoni are an ethnic group, numbering over two million people. In 1958, Royal Dutch Shell discovered petroleum in Ogoniland. Over the next few years, Shell identified a total of six oil fields in the Ogoni territory which it began exploiting through a joint venture with the government. Over the next 35 years, this venture\u2014in which the government was a majority partner and Shell the largest private partner\u2014produced 634 million barrels of oil worth US$30 billion.", "Ogoni Nine The Ogoni Nine were a group of nine activists from the Ogoni region of Nigeria who opposed the operating practices of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation. Their members included outspoken author and playwright Ken Saro-Wiwa, Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine (Tripathi, p.189), who were executed by hanging in 1995 by the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha and buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. The executions provoked international condemnation and led to the increasing treatment of Nigeria as a pariah state until General Abacha's mysterious death in 1998. Saro-Wiwa had previously been a critic of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation, and had been imprisoned for a year prior to the executions in November 1995. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony \u2013 in the presence of Shell\u2019s lawyer.", "Zina Saro -Wiwa Zina Saro-Wiwa (born 1976, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a Brooklyn-based video artist and filmmaker. She makes video installations, documentaries, music videos and experimental films. Saro- Wiwa is the founding filmmaker of the alt-Nollywood movement. A movement that uses the narrative, stylistic and visual conventions of the Nollywood film industry but for subversive, politically challenging ends. Formerly a BBC journalist, her artistic practice emerged from her interest in changing the way the world sees Africa using film, art, and food. Her practice includes New West African Kitchen, a project where Saro-Wiwa re-imagines West African cuisine. Each feast also features African video art presentations and a mini lecture. On 22 March 2011, Saro-Wiwa was named as one of the top 25 leaders of the African Renaissance in \"The Times\" newspaper. Zina Saro-Wiwa was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to Ken and Maria Saro-Wiwa. Her late father, the author and poet Ken Saro-Wiwa, became a well-known Nigerian environmental and human rights activist. He was executed in 1995 by the military regime in Nigeria when she was 19. She grew up in Surrey and Sussex in the UK where Saro-Wiwa's wife Maria and five children lived. She attended the private girls' school, Roedean, in Sussex, and the University of Bristol where she studied economic and social history. Her twin sister is the travel writer Noo Saro-Wiwa, author of \"Looking For Transwonderland\" (published by Granta). Her older brother Ken Wiwa, is the author of the memoir \" In The Shadow of a Saint\" (published by Random House/Vintage).", "Even though he was a fugitive, Wiwa met with human rights groups, environmental groups, church leaders, and western embassies in Nigeria frequently, informing them of the situation and requesting that they put pressure for Ken's release. The response to the campaign was overwhelming. The media reacted with a clamorous condemnation of the Nigerian military. Groups such as PEN International, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Sierra Club, and Human Rights Watch turned the arrest of Ken Saro-Wiwa into their cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. Royal Dutch Shell was vilified and boycotted around the world. In February 1995, after being imprisoned for nine months without charge, Ken Saro-Wiwa was finally brought to trial. Bypassing normal legal procedures, Abacha set up a special military tribunal to try Ken and the others for the murder of the Ogoni chiefs. The international community condemned the trial as a sham. On 31 October 1995, Ken and eight other Ogoni activists were sentenced to death. They were hanged less than two weeks later, on 10 November. International reaction to the executions was swift. The Commonwealth suspended Nigeria. More than a dozen countries, including the United States, recalled their ambassadors. Owens moved swiftly. With his ex-wife and infant son in tow, he escaped the country with his life. With the help of Anita Roddick and her socially conscious cosmetic empire, The Body Shop, the Wiwas found temporary safe haven in London. Among those who gave the refugee Wiwa family temporary shelter was British novelist Doris Lessing. After several precarious months in England, Owens was able to relocate his family to permanent safety in Canada with the aid of Greenpeace Canada and Toronto's Bloor Street United Church. Wiwa resides in Toronto, Canada with his wife and three children.", "Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.  The Wiwa family lawsuits against Royal Dutch Shell were three separate lawsuits brought by the family of Ken Saro-Wiwa against Royal Dutch Shell, its subsidiary Shell Nigeria and the subsidiary's CEO Brian Anderson, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1992 and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). They were charged with complicity in human rights abuses against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment, arbitrary arrest, wrongful death, and assault and battery. The lawsuits were filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and co-counsel from EarthRights International in 1996, and after 12 years of Shell petitioning the court not to hear the cases, they were heard 26 May 2009. The particular incidents raised in these cases were:  American photojournalist Ed Kashi's images from the book \"Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta\" were deposed as evidence of the human rights abuses that the oil industry, particularly Shell, has inflicted on the Ogoni people. On June 8, 2009, Shell settled out-of-court with the Saro-Wiwa family for $15.5 million. Ben Amunwa, director of the Remember Saro-Wiwa organization, said that \"No company, that is innocent of any involvement with the Nigeria military and human rights abuses, would settle out of court for 15.5 million dollars. It clearly shows that they have something to hide\". Shell stated the payment was a humanitarian gesture and a gesture of sympathy, denying culpability in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa and the deaths of the Ogoni Nine."], "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#1", "question": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "rewrite": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On April 21 he made a similar attack on the Indonesian Air Force base on the island of Morotai, damaging the runway and setting a line of fuel drums on fire. In the next few days Beale flew two more sorties attacking Palu. Very early on April 27 one of Beale's CAT colleagues, Allen Pope, brought a second CIA B-26 from Clark to Mapanget. Later that morning Pope flew to attack Morotai ahead of a Permesta amphibious assault while Beale flew to Ambon Island further south. Beale attacked Ambon City, the provincial capital, setting on fire a military command post, a fuel depot and a Royal Dutch Shell complex. The CIA instructed CAT pilots to target commercial shipping in order to drive foreign merchant ships away from Indonesian waters, thereby weakening the Indonesian economy and undermining Sukarno's government. On the morning of April 28 Beale attacked Balikpapan on the south coast of East Kalimantan province in Borneo. He first hit the airfield with a bomb in the middle of the runway, and then turned to attack the Royal Dutch Shell oil terminal in Balikpapan harbor. He bombed, set ablaze and sank the British 12,278 ton oil tanker , that belonged to Eagle Oil and Shipping, a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell. He then aimed a bomb at a second British tanker, the 8,139 ton , that belonged to another Royal Dutch Shell subsidiary, Anglo-Saxon Petroleum. However, the bomb bounced off one of \"Daronia\"s ventilators amidships without detonating and landed harmlessly in the sea. Beale then machine-gunned and destroyed Royal Dutch Shell's oil pipes to its wharf. With the last of his 500 lb bombs, Beale turned seaward and sank an Indonesian Navy Bathurst class corvette, KRI \"Hang Tuah\", killing 18 crew and seriously wounding another 28.", "Victor Haghani, a partner at LTCM, said about this time \"it was as if there was someone out there with our exact portfolio... only it was three times as large as ours, and they were liquidating all at once.\" Because these losses reduced the capital base of LTCM, and its ability to maintain the magnitude of its existing portfolio, LTCM was forced to liquidate a number of its positions at a highly unfavorable moment and suffer further losses. A vivid illustration of the consequences of these forced liquidations is given by Lowenstein (2000). He reports that LTCM established an arbitrage position in the dual-listed company (or \"DLC\") Royal Dutch Shell in the summer of 1997, when Royal Dutch traded at an 8%\u201310% premium relative to Shell. In total $2.3 billion was invested, half of which was \"long\" in Shell and the other half was \"short\" in Royal Dutch. LTCM was essentially betting that the share prices of Royal Dutch and Shell would converge because in their belief the present value of the future cashflows of the two securities should be similar. This might have happened in the long run, but due to its losses on other positions, LTCM had to unwind its position in Royal Dutch Shell. Lowenstein reports that the premium of Royal Dutch had increased to about 22%, which implies that LTCM incurred a large loss on this arbitrage strategy. LTCM lost $286 million in equity pairs trading and more than half of this loss is accounted for by the Royal Dutch Shell trade. The company, which had historically earned annualised compounded returns of almost 40% up to this point, experienced a flight to liquidity.", "Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij or Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij (better known as BPM), Dutch for \"Batavian Oil Company\", was a subsidiary of the Royal Dutch Shell oil company established in 1907 which extracted and refined oil in the Netherlands East Indies, now Indonesia. The company is the predecessor of Pertamina. The BPM was established in 1907. It was Shell's main oil producing entity in Indonesia (at that time, Dutch East Indies) and dominated the Indonesian oil industry during the colonial era, making it one of the largest companies in the colonial economy. The main oil well of BPM was Pangkalan Brandan (North Sumatra), which is considered as the origin of the Royal Dutch Shell. More than 95% of Indonesia's crude oil was commercially produced by BPM in the 1920s. The dual-listed nature of the Royal Dutch Shell meant that BPM was 60 percent owned by the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company, and 40% by the Shell Transport and Trading Company; it acted as a Dutch holding company for the merged Royal Dutch Shell Group along with its UK analogue the \"Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company\". The two were merged in 2005 creating a single holding structure for Shell. After the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, Shell's original well at Pangkalan Brandan was taken over by the Indonesian army. In 1957, Pangkalan Brandan became the main asset of the newly formed Indonesian oil company, Permina, the predecessor of Pertamina. In the 1950s, US oil giants Caltex (now Chevron) and Stanvac (now ExxonMobil) invested heavily in Indonesia, dropping the share of BPM to only 34% in 1957, compared to 46% for Caltex and 20% for Stanvac.", "Shell Canada Shell Canada Limited () is the subsidiary of Anglo-Dutch Royal Dutch Shell and one of Canada's largest integrated oil companies. Exploration and production of oil, natural gas and sulphur is a major part of its business, as well as the marketing of gasoline and related products through the company's approximately 1,800 stations across Canada. After a global reorganization by the European parent, Shell's North American operations are controlled by Shell Energy North America, which is headquartered in Houston, Texas. Shell Energy North America's Canadian operational unit, Shell Canada, maintains a regional corporate office in Calgary, Alberta. Shell Canada also maintains a major office in Toronto, Ontario. Shell Canada's shares were originally independently traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The company was 78% owned by Royal Dutch Shell which in 2006 launched an $8.7-billion takeover of the 22% of Shell Canada that it didn't own. In March 2007 the shareholders of Shell Canada Ltd. accepted a $45.00 per share cash offer from Royal Dutch Shell Plc. This acquisition was primarily driven by the desire of the parent company to take total control of its Canadian division's unconventional resources, specifically the oil sands. The move was unanimously approved by the independent members of the board of directors. In 2003 Royal Dutch Shell had appointed a British executive, and former Chairman of Shell in the UK, Clive Mather, as president and CEO of Shell Canada. As a consequence of the stock acquisition by Royal Dutch Shell, all Shell Canada executives holding stock options benefitted.", "Anglo-Saxon Petroleum  Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd is a private company owned by Royal Dutch Shell. Around 1898 the company became responsible for the ships of Shell Transport and Trading In 1907 Continued to be responsible for the trade in oil by-products when the Dutch Petroleum Company was established to take over the petroleum business of the Dutch state authorities and the Shell company. The same year it was incorporated into Royal Dutch Shell. In 1908 Shell Transport and Trading had placed all of its assets in Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co and Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij which also held all of the assets of Royal Dutch Shell Since then the company owned and ran the oil transport and storage activities of the Shell group of companies. During the following two decades Anglo-Saxon became the most progressive, innovative and forward-looking of all the oil carriers. In order to match transport demand, they commissioned new buildings based on their own design or, indeed, bought and re-designed existing ships with an amazing degree of innovative thinking and fantasy. Liner ships, general cargo vessels, sailing ships and even train ferries were re-built and made into oil carriers. In November 1955 The Shell Petroleum Company Ltd. took over the assets of Anglo-Saxon, which ceased to function as a separate company. General managing directors of Royal Dutch and chairmen of Shell Transport are marked with an asterisk - see the appropriate list above for their dates in office. In November 1955 The Shell Petroleum Company Ltd. took over the assets of Anglo-Saxon, which ceased to function as a separate company. (first Lord Godber of Mayfield) (second Lord Southborough)"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#2", "question": "Did they win the lawsuit?", "rewrite": "Did Royal Dutch Shell win the lawsuit against Ken Saro-Wiwa's family?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Even though he was a fugitive, Wiwa met with human rights groups, environmental groups, church leaders, and western embassies in Nigeria frequently, informing them of the situation and requesting that they put pressure for Ken's release. The response to the campaign was overwhelming. The media reacted with a clamorous condemnation of the Nigerian military. Groups such as PEN International, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Sierra Club, and Human Rights Watch turned the arrest of Ken Saro-Wiwa into their cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. Royal Dutch Shell was vilified and boycotted around the world. In February 1995, after being imprisoned for nine months without charge, Ken Saro-Wiwa was finally brought to trial. Bypassing normal legal procedures, Abacha set up a special military tribunal to try Ken and the others for the murder of the Ogoni chiefs. The international community condemned the trial as a sham. On 31 October 1995, Ken and eight other Ogoni activists were sentenced to death. They were hanged less than two weeks later, on 10 November. International reaction to the executions was swift. The Commonwealth suspended Nigeria. More than a dozen countries, including the United States, recalled their ambassadors. Owens moved swiftly. With his ex-wife and infant son in tow, he escaped the country with his life. With the help of Anita Roddick and her socially conscious cosmetic empire, The Body Shop, the Wiwas found temporary safe haven in London. Among those who gave the refugee Wiwa family temporary shelter was British novelist Doris Lessing. After several precarious months in England, Owens was able to relocate his family to permanent safety in Canada with the aid of Greenpeace Canada and Toronto's Bloor Street United Church. Wiwa resides in Toronto, Canada with his wife and three children.", "Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.  The Wiwa family lawsuits against Royal Dutch Shell were three separate lawsuits brought by the family of Ken Saro-Wiwa against Royal Dutch Shell, its subsidiary Shell Nigeria and the subsidiary's CEO Brian Anderson, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1992 and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). They were charged with complicity in human rights abuses against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment, arbitrary arrest, wrongful death, and assault and battery. The lawsuits were filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and co-counsel from EarthRights International in 1996, and after 12 years of Shell petitioning the court not to hear the cases, they were heard 26 May 2009. The particular incidents raised in these cases were:  American photojournalist Ed Kashi's images from the book \"Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta\" were deposed as evidence of the human rights abuses that the oil industry, particularly Shell, has inflicted on the Ogoni people. On June 8, 2009, Shell settled out-of-court with the Saro-Wiwa family for $15.5 million. Ben Amunwa, director of the Remember Saro-Wiwa organization, said that \"No company, that is innocent of any involvement with the Nigeria military and human rights abuses, would settle out of court for 15.5 million dollars. It clearly shows that they have something to hide\". Shell stated the payment was a humanitarian gesture and a gesture of sympathy, denying culpability in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa and the deaths of the Ogoni Nine.", "Zina Saro -Wiwa Zina Saro-Wiwa (born 1976, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a Brooklyn-based video artist and filmmaker. She makes video installations, documentaries, music videos and experimental films. Saro- Wiwa is the founding filmmaker of the alt-Nollywood movement. A movement that uses the narrative, stylistic and visual conventions of the Nollywood film industry but for subversive, politically challenging ends. Formerly a BBC journalist, her artistic practice emerged from her interest in changing the way the world sees Africa using film, art, and food. Her practice includes New West African Kitchen, a project where Saro-Wiwa re-imagines West African cuisine. Each feast also features African video art presentations and a mini lecture. On 22 March 2011, Saro-Wiwa was named as one of the top 25 leaders of the African Renaissance in \"The Times\" newspaper. Zina Saro-Wiwa was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to Ken and Maria Saro-Wiwa. Her late father, the author and poet Ken Saro-Wiwa, became a well-known Nigerian environmental and human rights activist. He was executed in 1995 by the military regime in Nigeria when she was 19. She grew up in Surrey and Sussex in the UK where Saro-Wiwa's wife Maria and five children lived. She attended the private girls' school, Roedean, in Sussex, and the University of Bristol where she studied economic and social history. Her twin sister is the travel writer Noo Saro-Wiwa, author of \"Looking For Transwonderland\" (published by Granta). Her older brother Ken Wiwa, is the author of the memoir \" In The Shadow of a Saint\" (published by Random House/Vintage).", "Ogoni Nine The Ogoni Nine were a group of nine activists from the Ogoni region of Nigeria who opposed the operating practices of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation. Their members included outspoken author and playwright Ken Saro-Wiwa, Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine (Tripathi, p.189), who were executed by hanging in 1995 by the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha and buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. The executions provoked international condemnation and led to the increasing treatment of Nigeria as a pariah state until General Abacha's mysterious death in 1998. Saro-Wiwa had previously been a critic of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation, and had been imprisoned for a year prior to the executions in November 1995. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony \u2013 in the presence of Shell\u2019s lawyer.", "Owens Wiwa Monday Owens Wiwa (born 10 October 1957 in Bori, Nigeria) is a medical doctor and human rights activist. He is the brother of executed Ogoni leader Ken Saro-Wiwa, and the son of Ogoni chief Jim Wiwa. Wiwa is an internationally renowned expert on the effects of globalisation, especially as it relates to the highly controversial business practices of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta. Vice-chairman of the Toronto chapter of the Sierra Club Canada and an active member of Amnesty International, Wiwa is frequently called upon to advocate for development programs in Canada and abroad and to campaign for increased corporate responsibility. This work has taken him to Ireland, which he visits in support of the Shell to Sea campaign. Currently, he is the Country Director for the Clinton Health Access Initiative in Nigeria. Wiwa graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in 1985 and completed his internship at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. In 1989, he founded his own private clinic in the Ogoni town of Bori. The six kingdoms of the Ogoni\u2014Gokana, Ken-Khana, Nyo-Khana, Eleme, Babbe and Tai\u2014are situated in the southeast corner of Nigeria's Rivers State in the heart of the Niger River delta. A tribe of fishermen and farmers, the Ogoni are an ethnic group, numbering over two million people. In 1958, Royal Dutch Shell discovered petroleum in Ogoniland. Over the next few years, Shell identified a total of six oil fields in the Ogoni territory which it began exploiting through a joint venture with the government. Over the next 35 years, this venture\u2014in which the government was a majority partner and Shell the largest private partner\u2014produced 634 million barrels of oil worth US$30 billion."], "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#3", "question": "What did the family do with the money?", "rewrite": "What did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family do with the money?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ken Wiwa Kenule \"Ken\" Bornale Tsaro-Wiwa (28 November 1968 \u2013 18 October 2016), also known as Ken Saro-Wiwa, Jr, was a Nigerian journalist and author. As of 2013, he served as an aide to President Goodluck Jonathan as senior special assistant on civil society and international media. Wiwa was born in Lagos, the eldest son of Nigerian human rights activist and author Ken Saro-Wiwa. He was educated in Nigeria and at Stancliffe Hall School and Tonbridge School in England, and then at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, now part of University College, London. He was editor of the United Kingdom's \"Guardian\"\u2032s periodical New Media Lab, where he developed content for the paper's online edition. Wiwa relocated to Canada in 1999, where he was a writer-in-residence at Massey College in the University of Toronto, Saul Rae Fellow at the Munk Centre for International Studies at the University of Toronto, a mentor at the Trudeau Foundation in Canada and a columnist for \"The Globe and Mail\", where he was twice nominated for National Newspaper Awards for feature writing. Wiwa addressed the European Union, Oxford Union and spoke at a number of colleges and universities, including Harvard University, McGill University and the University of Cambridge. He served as a conference rapporteur at a United Nations meeting on cultural diversity. A regular commentator on major news channels including CNN, BBC, Al-Jazeera, he appeared as a guest on \"Hard Talk\" and \"Newsnight\". In 2005 he was selected by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader. He was the founding curator of the Abuja Hub for the Globalshapers Programme of the World Economic Forum and has also served on the Africa Advisory Council of the Prince of Wales Rainforest Project.", "Saro-Wiwa was arrested again and detained by Nigerian authorities in June 1993 but was released after a month. On 21 May 1994 four Ogoni chiefs (all on the conservative side of a schism within MOSOP over strategy) were brutally murdered. Saro-Wiwa had been denied entry to Ogoniland on the day of the murders, but he was arrested and accused of incitement to them. He denied the charges but was imprisoned for over a year before being found guilty and sentenced to death by a specially convened tribunal. The same happened to eight other MOSOP leaders who, along with Saro-Wiwa, became known as the Ogoni Nine. Some of the defendants' lawyers resigned in protest against the alleged rigging of the trial by the Abacha regime. The resignations left the defendants to their own means against the tribunal, which continued to bring witnesses to testify against Saro-Wiwa and his peers. Many of these supposed witnesses later admitted that they had been bribed by the Nigerian government to support the criminal allegations. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony, in the presence of Shell's lawyer. The trial was widely criticised by human rights organisations and, half a year later, Ken Saro-Wiwa received the Right Livelihood Award for his courage, as well as the Goldman Environmental Prize. On 10 November 1995, Saro-Wiwa and the rest of the Ogoni Nine were killed by hanging by military personnel. They were buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. In his 1989 short story \"Africa Kills Her Sun\", Saro-Wiwa in a resigned, melancholic mood, foreshadowed his own execution.", "Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.  The Wiwa family lawsuits against Royal Dutch Shell were three separate lawsuits brought by the family of Ken Saro-Wiwa against Royal Dutch Shell, its subsidiary Shell Nigeria and the subsidiary's CEO Brian Anderson, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1992 and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). They were charged with complicity in human rights abuses against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment, arbitrary arrest, wrongful death, and assault and battery. The lawsuits were filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and co-counsel from EarthRights International in 1996, and after 12 years of Shell petitioning the court not to hear the cases, they were heard 26 May 2009. The particular incidents raised in these cases were:  American photojournalist Ed Kashi's images from the book \"Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta\" were deposed as evidence of the human rights abuses that the oil industry, particularly Shell, has inflicted on the Ogoni people. On June 8, 2009, Shell settled out-of-court with the Saro-Wiwa family for $15.5 million. Ben Amunwa, director of the Remember Saro-Wiwa organization, said that \"No company, that is innocent of any involvement with the Nigeria military and human rights abuses, would settle out of court for 15.5 million dollars. It clearly shows that they have something to hide\". Shell stated the payment was a humanitarian gesture and a gesture of sympathy, denying culpability in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa and the deaths of the Ogoni Nine.", "Zina Saro -Wiwa Zina Saro-Wiwa (born 1976, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a Brooklyn-based video artist and filmmaker. She makes video installations, documentaries, music videos and experimental films. Saro- Wiwa is the founding filmmaker of the alt-Nollywood movement. A movement that uses the narrative, stylistic and visual conventions of the Nollywood film industry but for subversive, politically challenging ends. Formerly a BBC journalist, her artistic practice emerged from her interest in changing the way the world sees Africa using film, art, and food. Her practice includes New West African Kitchen, a project where Saro-Wiwa re-imagines West African cuisine. Each feast also features African video art presentations and a mini lecture. On 22 March 2011, Saro-Wiwa was named as one of the top 25 leaders of the African Renaissance in \"The Times\" newspaper. Zina Saro-Wiwa was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to Ken and Maria Saro-Wiwa. Her late father, the author and poet Ken Saro-Wiwa, became a well-known Nigerian environmental and human rights activist. He was executed in 1995 by the military regime in Nigeria when she was 19. She grew up in Surrey and Sussex in the UK where Saro-Wiwa's wife Maria and five children lived. She attended the private girls' school, Roedean, in Sussex, and the University of Bristol where she studied economic and social history. Her twin sister is the travel writer Noo Saro-Wiwa, author of \"Looking For Transwonderland\" (published by Granta). Her older brother Ken Wiwa, is the author of the memoir \" In The Shadow of a Saint\" (published by Random House/Vintage).", "State Internal Security, who claimed to be \"searching for those directly responsible for the killings of the four Ogonis\" , witnesses say that they engaged in terror operations against the general Ogoni population. Amnesty International characterized the policy as deliberate terrorism. By mid-June, 30 villages had been completely destroyed, 600 people had been detained, and at least 40 had been killed. An eventual total of around 100,000 internal refugees and an estimated 2,000 civilian deaths was recorded. Ken Saro-Wiwa, N. G. Dube and Kobari Nwilewas were arrested in Port Harcourt in Rivers State in eastern Nigeria on June 21, 1993. Following their arrest, Ken Saro-Wiwa, N. G. Dube and Kobari Nwile were first transferred to Lagos, then to Owerri in Imo State and finally to Port Harcourt where they are currently in prison. The three were charged on 13 July 1993 under the Criminal Code of Eastern Nigeria in connection with their activities on behalf of the Ogoni community. Charges on six counts relating to unlawful assembly, seditious intention and seditious publication. Bail was not set and all three remanded in custody until September 20. On June 11, Saro-Wiwa's passport was confiscated at Lagos airport, preventing him from traveling to Vienna to represent MOSOP at the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights. On November 10, 1995, nine activists from the movement, Barinem Kiobel, John Kpunien, Baribor Bera, Saturday Dobee, Felix Nwate, Nordu Eawo, Paul Levura, and Daniel Gbokoo along with playwright and Nobel Peace Prize nominee Ken Saro-Wiwa, were hanged 10 days after being convicted by the Nigerian government on charges of \"incitement to murder\" of the four Ogoni leaders."], "answer": {"text": "Some of the funding is also expected to be used to set up a development trust for the Ogoni people,", "answer_start": 1447}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#4", "question": "What is a detail about this topic that is interesting?", "rewrite": "What is a detail about the Ken Saro-Wiwa's lawsuit against Royal Dutch Shell that is interesting?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Even though he was a fugitive, Wiwa met with human rights groups, environmental groups, church leaders, and western embassies in Nigeria frequently, informing them of the situation and requesting that they put pressure for Ken's release. The response to the campaign was overwhelming. The media reacted with a clamorous condemnation of the Nigerian military. Groups such as PEN International, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Sierra Club, and Human Rights Watch turned the arrest of Ken Saro-Wiwa into their cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. Royal Dutch Shell was vilified and boycotted around the world. In February 1995, after being imprisoned for nine months without charge, Ken Saro-Wiwa was finally brought to trial. Bypassing normal legal procedures, Abacha set up a special military tribunal to try Ken and the others for the murder of the Ogoni chiefs. The international community condemned the trial as a sham. On 31 October 1995, Ken and eight other Ogoni activists were sentenced to death. They were hanged less than two weeks later, on 10 November. International reaction to the executions was swift. The Commonwealth suspended Nigeria. More than a dozen countries, including the United States, recalled their ambassadors. Owens moved swiftly. With his ex-wife and infant son in tow, he escaped the country with his life. With the help of Anita Roddick and her socially conscious cosmetic empire, The Body Shop, the Wiwas found temporary safe haven in London. Among those who gave the refugee Wiwa family temporary shelter was British novelist Doris Lessing. After several precarious months in England, Owens was able to relocate his family to permanent safety in Canada with the aid of Greenpeace Canada and Toronto's Bloor Street United Church. Wiwa resides in Toronto, Canada with his wife and three children.", "Ogoni Nine The Ogoni Nine were a group of nine activists from the Ogoni region of Nigeria who opposed the operating practices of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation. Their members included outspoken author and playwright Ken Saro-Wiwa, Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine (Tripathi, p.189), who were executed by hanging in 1995 by the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha and buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. The executions provoked international condemnation and led to the increasing treatment of Nigeria as a pariah state until General Abacha's mysterious death in 1998. Saro-Wiwa had previously been a critic of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation, and had been imprisoned for a year prior to the executions in November 1995. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony \u2013 in the presence of Shell\u2019s lawyer.", "Owens Wiwa Monday Owens Wiwa (born 10 October 1957 in Bori, Nigeria) is a medical doctor and human rights activist. He is the brother of executed Ogoni leader Ken Saro-Wiwa, and the son of Ogoni chief Jim Wiwa. Wiwa is an internationally renowned expert on the effects of globalisation, especially as it relates to the highly controversial business practices of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta. Vice-chairman of the Toronto chapter of the Sierra Club Canada and an active member of Amnesty International, Wiwa is frequently called upon to advocate for development programs in Canada and abroad and to campaign for increased corporate responsibility. This work has taken him to Ireland, which he visits in support of the Shell to Sea campaign. Currently, he is the Country Director for the Clinton Health Access Initiative in Nigeria. Wiwa graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in 1985 and completed his internship at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. In 1989, he founded his own private clinic in the Ogoni town of Bori. The six kingdoms of the Ogoni\u2014Gokana, Ken-Khana, Nyo-Khana, Eleme, Babbe and Tai\u2014are situated in the southeast corner of Nigeria's Rivers State in the heart of the Niger River delta. A tribe of fishermen and farmers, the Ogoni are an ethnic group, numbering over two million people. In 1958, Royal Dutch Shell discovered petroleum in Ogoniland. Over the next few years, Shell identified a total of six oil fields in the Ogoni territory which it began exploiting through a joint venture with the government. Over the next 35 years, this venture\u2014in which the government was a majority partner and Shell the largest private partner\u2014produced 634 million barrels of oil worth US$30 billion.", "Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.  The Wiwa family lawsuits against Royal Dutch Shell were three separate lawsuits brought by the family of Ken Saro-Wiwa against Royal Dutch Shell, its subsidiary Shell Nigeria and the subsidiary's CEO Brian Anderson, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1992 and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). They were charged with complicity in human rights abuses against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment, arbitrary arrest, wrongful death, and assault and battery. The lawsuits were filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and co-counsel from EarthRights International in 1996, and after 12 years of Shell petitioning the court not to hear the cases, they were heard 26 May 2009. The particular incidents raised in these cases were:  American photojournalist Ed Kashi's images from the book \"Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta\" were deposed as evidence of the human rights abuses that the oil industry, particularly Shell, has inflicted on the Ogoni people. On June 8, 2009, Shell settled out-of-court with the Saro-Wiwa family for $15.5 million. Ben Amunwa, director of the Remember Saro-Wiwa organization, said that \"No company, that is innocent of any involvement with the Nigeria military and human rights abuses, would settle out of court for 15.5 million dollars. It clearly shows that they have something to hide\". Shell stated the payment was a humanitarian gesture and a gesture of sympathy, denying culpability in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa and the deaths of the Ogoni Nine.", "Zina Saro -Wiwa Zina Saro-Wiwa (born 1976, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a Brooklyn-based video artist and filmmaker. She makes video installations, documentaries, music videos and experimental films. Saro- Wiwa is the founding filmmaker of the alt-Nollywood movement. A movement that uses the narrative, stylistic and visual conventions of the Nollywood film industry but for subversive, politically challenging ends. Formerly a BBC journalist, her artistic practice emerged from her interest in changing the way the world sees Africa using film, art, and food. Her practice includes New West African Kitchen, a project where Saro-Wiwa re-imagines West African cuisine. Each feast also features African video art presentations and a mini lecture. On 22 March 2011, Saro-Wiwa was named as one of the top 25 leaders of the African Renaissance in \"The Times\" newspaper. Zina Saro-Wiwa was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to Ken and Maria Saro-Wiwa. Her late father, the author and poet Ken Saro-Wiwa, became a well-known Nigerian environmental and human rights activist. He was executed in 1995 by the military regime in Nigeria when she was 19. She grew up in Surrey and Sussex in the UK where Saro-Wiwa's wife Maria and five children lived. She attended the private girls' school, Roedean, in Sussex, and the University of Bristol where she studied economic and social history. Her twin sister is the travel writer Noo Saro-Wiwa, author of \"Looking For Transwonderland\" (published by Granta). Her older brother Ken Wiwa, is the author of the memoir \" In The Shadow of a Saint\" (published by Random House/Vintage)."], "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the family do with the money?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the funding is also expected to be used to set up a development trust for the Ogoni people,", "answer_start": 1447, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#5", "question": "Did the company try to fight the lawsuit?", "rewrite": "Did Royal Dutch Shell try to fight the lawsuit against Ken Saro-Wiwa?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Owens Wiwa Monday Owens Wiwa (born 10 October 1957 in Bori, Nigeria) is a medical doctor and human rights activist. He is the brother of executed Ogoni leader Ken Saro-Wiwa, and the son of Ogoni chief Jim Wiwa. Wiwa is an internationally renowned expert on the effects of globalisation, especially as it relates to the highly controversial business practices of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta. Vice-chairman of the Toronto chapter of the Sierra Club Canada and an active member of Amnesty International, Wiwa is frequently called upon to advocate for development programs in Canada and abroad and to campaign for increased corporate responsibility. This work has taken him to Ireland, which he visits in support of the Shell to Sea campaign. Currently, he is the Country Director for the Clinton Health Access Initiative in Nigeria. Wiwa graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in 1985 and completed his internship at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. In 1989, he founded his own private clinic in the Ogoni town of Bori. The six kingdoms of the Ogoni\u2014Gokana, Ken-Khana, Nyo-Khana, Eleme, Babbe and Tai\u2014are situated in the southeast corner of Nigeria's Rivers State in the heart of the Niger River delta. A tribe of fishermen and farmers, the Ogoni are an ethnic group, numbering over two million people. In 1958, Royal Dutch Shell discovered petroleum in Ogoniland. Over the next few years, Shell identified a total of six oil fields in the Ogoni territory which it began exploiting through a joint venture with the government. Over the next 35 years, this venture\u2014in which the government was a majority partner and Shell the largest private partner\u2014produced 634 million barrels of oil worth US$30 billion.", "Even though he was a fugitive, Wiwa met with human rights groups, environmental groups, church leaders, and western embassies in Nigeria frequently, informing them of the situation and requesting that they put pressure for Ken's release. The response to the campaign was overwhelming. The media reacted with a clamorous condemnation of the Nigerian military. Groups such as PEN International, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Sierra Club, and Human Rights Watch turned the arrest of Ken Saro-Wiwa into their cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. Royal Dutch Shell was vilified and boycotted around the world. In February 1995, after being imprisoned for nine months without charge, Ken Saro-Wiwa was finally brought to trial. Bypassing normal legal procedures, Abacha set up a special military tribunal to try Ken and the others for the murder of the Ogoni chiefs. The international community condemned the trial as a sham. On 31 October 1995, Ken and eight other Ogoni activists were sentenced to death. They were hanged less than two weeks later, on 10 November. International reaction to the executions was swift. The Commonwealth suspended Nigeria. More than a dozen countries, including the United States, recalled their ambassadors. Owens moved swiftly. With his ex-wife and infant son in tow, he escaped the country with his life. With the help of Anita Roddick and her socially conscious cosmetic empire, The Body Shop, the Wiwas found temporary safe haven in London. Among those who gave the refugee Wiwa family temporary shelter was British novelist Doris Lessing. After several precarious months in England, Owens was able to relocate his family to permanent safety in Canada with the aid of Greenpeace Canada and Toronto's Bloor Street United Church. Wiwa resides in Toronto, Canada with his wife and three children.", "Zina Saro -Wiwa Zina Saro-Wiwa (born 1976, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a Brooklyn-based video artist and filmmaker. She makes video installations, documentaries, music videos and experimental films. Saro- Wiwa is the founding filmmaker of the alt-Nollywood movement. A movement that uses the narrative, stylistic and visual conventions of the Nollywood film industry but for subversive, politically challenging ends. Formerly a BBC journalist, her artistic practice emerged from her interest in changing the way the world sees Africa using film, art, and food. Her practice includes New West African Kitchen, a project where Saro-Wiwa re-imagines West African cuisine. Each feast also features African video art presentations and a mini lecture. On 22 March 2011, Saro-Wiwa was named as one of the top 25 leaders of the African Renaissance in \"The Times\" newspaper. Zina Saro-Wiwa was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to Ken and Maria Saro-Wiwa. Her late father, the author and poet Ken Saro-Wiwa, became a well-known Nigerian environmental and human rights activist. He was executed in 1995 by the military regime in Nigeria when she was 19. She grew up in Surrey and Sussex in the UK where Saro-Wiwa's wife Maria and five children lived. She attended the private girls' school, Roedean, in Sussex, and the University of Bristol where she studied economic and social history. Her twin sister is the travel writer Noo Saro-Wiwa, author of \"Looking For Transwonderland\" (published by Granta). Her older brother Ken Wiwa, is the author of the memoir \" In The Shadow of a Saint\" (published by Random House/Vintage).", "Ogoni Nine The Ogoni Nine were a group of nine activists from the Ogoni region of Nigeria who opposed the operating practices of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation. Their members included outspoken author and playwright Ken Saro-Wiwa, Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine (Tripathi, p.189), who were executed by hanging in 1995 by the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha and buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. The executions provoked international condemnation and led to the increasing treatment of Nigeria as a pariah state until General Abacha's mysterious death in 1998. Saro-Wiwa had previously been a critic of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation, and had been imprisoned for a year prior to the executions in November 1995. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony \u2013 in the presence of Shell\u2019s lawyer.", "Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.  The Wiwa family lawsuits against Royal Dutch Shell were three separate lawsuits brought by the family of Ken Saro-Wiwa against Royal Dutch Shell, its subsidiary Shell Nigeria and the subsidiary's CEO Brian Anderson, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1992 and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). They were charged with complicity in human rights abuses against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment, arbitrary arrest, wrongful death, and assault and battery. The lawsuits were filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and co-counsel from EarthRights International in 1996, and after 12 years of Shell petitioning the court not to hear the cases, they were heard 26 May 2009. The particular incidents raised in these cases were:  American photojournalist Ed Kashi's images from the book \"Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta\" were deposed as evidence of the human rights abuses that the oil industry, particularly Shell, has inflicted on the Ogoni people. On June 8, 2009, Shell settled out-of-court with the Saro-Wiwa family for $15.5 million. Ben Amunwa, director of the Remember Saro-Wiwa organization, said that \"No company, that is innocent of any involvement with the Nigeria military and human rights abuses, would settle out of court for 15.5 million dollars. It clearly shows that they have something to hide\". Shell stated the payment was a humanitarian gesture and a gesture of sympathy, denying culpability in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa and the deaths of the Ogoni Nine."], "answer": {"text": "the company denied any liability for the deaths, stating that the payment was part of a reconciliation process.", "answer_start": 1077}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the family do with the money?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the funding is also expected to be used to set up a development trust for the Ogoni people,", "answer_start": 1447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a detail about this topic that is interesting?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#6", "question": "Who was the attorney for the family?", "rewrite": "Who was the attorney for the family when Ken Saro-Wiwa sued Royal Dutch Shell?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.  The Wiwa family lawsuits against Royal Dutch Shell were three separate lawsuits brought by the family of Ken Saro-Wiwa against Royal Dutch Shell, its subsidiary Shell Nigeria and the subsidiary's CEO Brian Anderson, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1992 and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). They were charged with complicity in human rights abuses against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment, arbitrary arrest, wrongful death, and assault and battery. The lawsuits were filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and co-counsel from EarthRights International in 1996, and after 12 years of Shell petitioning the court not to hear the cases, they were heard 26 May 2009. The particular incidents raised in these cases were:  American photojournalist Ed Kashi's images from the book \"Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta\" were deposed as evidence of the human rights abuses that the oil industry, particularly Shell, has inflicted on the Ogoni people. On June 8, 2009, Shell settled out-of-court with the Saro-Wiwa family for $15.5 million. Ben Amunwa, director of the Remember Saro-Wiwa organization, said that \"No company, that is innocent of any involvement with the Nigeria military and human rights abuses, would settle out of court for 15.5 million dollars. It clearly shows that they have something to hide\". Shell stated the payment was a humanitarian gesture and a gesture of sympathy, denying culpability in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa and the deaths of the Ogoni Nine.", "Even though he was a fugitive, Wiwa met with human rights groups, environmental groups, church leaders, and western embassies in Nigeria frequently, informing them of the situation and requesting that they put pressure for Ken's release. The response to the campaign was overwhelming. The media reacted with a clamorous condemnation of the Nigerian military. Groups such as PEN International, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Sierra Club, and Human Rights Watch turned the arrest of Ken Saro-Wiwa into their cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. Royal Dutch Shell was vilified and boycotted around the world. In February 1995, after being imprisoned for nine months without charge, Ken Saro-Wiwa was finally brought to trial. Bypassing normal legal procedures, Abacha set up a special military tribunal to try Ken and the others for the murder of the Ogoni chiefs. The international community condemned the trial as a sham. On 31 October 1995, Ken and eight other Ogoni activists were sentenced to death. They were hanged less than two weeks later, on 10 November. International reaction to the executions was swift. The Commonwealth suspended Nigeria. More than a dozen countries, including the United States, recalled their ambassadors. Owens moved swiftly. With his ex-wife and infant son in tow, he escaped the country with his life. With the help of Anita Roddick and her socially conscious cosmetic empire, The Body Shop, the Wiwas found temporary safe haven in London. Among those who gave the refugee Wiwa family temporary shelter was British novelist Doris Lessing. After several precarious months in England, Owens was able to relocate his family to permanent safety in Canada with the aid of Greenpeace Canada and Toronto's Bloor Street United Church. Wiwa resides in Toronto, Canada with his wife and three children.", "Owens Wiwa Monday Owens Wiwa (born 10 October 1957 in Bori, Nigeria) is a medical doctor and human rights activist. He is the brother of executed Ogoni leader Ken Saro-Wiwa, and the son of Ogoni chief Jim Wiwa. Wiwa is an internationally renowned expert on the effects of globalisation, especially as it relates to the highly controversial business practices of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta. Vice-chairman of the Toronto chapter of the Sierra Club Canada and an active member of Amnesty International, Wiwa is frequently called upon to advocate for development programs in Canada and abroad and to campaign for increased corporate responsibility. This work has taken him to Ireland, which he visits in support of the Shell to Sea campaign. Currently, he is the Country Director for the Clinton Health Access Initiative in Nigeria. Wiwa graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in 1985 and completed his internship at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. In 1989, he founded his own private clinic in the Ogoni town of Bori. The six kingdoms of the Ogoni\u2014Gokana, Ken-Khana, Nyo-Khana, Eleme, Babbe and Tai\u2014are situated in the southeast corner of Nigeria's Rivers State in the heart of the Niger River delta. A tribe of fishermen and farmers, the Ogoni are an ethnic group, numbering over two million people. In 1958, Royal Dutch Shell discovered petroleum in Ogoniland. Over the next few years, Shell identified a total of six oil fields in the Ogoni territory which it began exploiting through a joint venture with the government. Over the next 35 years, this venture\u2014in which the government was a majority partner and Shell the largest private partner\u2014produced 634 million barrels of oil worth US$30 billion.", "Zina Saro -Wiwa Zina Saro-Wiwa (born 1976, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a Brooklyn-based video artist and filmmaker. She makes video installations, documentaries, music videos and experimental films. Saro- Wiwa is the founding filmmaker of the alt-Nollywood movement. A movement that uses the narrative, stylistic and visual conventions of the Nollywood film industry but for subversive, politically challenging ends. Formerly a BBC journalist, her artistic practice emerged from her interest in changing the way the world sees Africa using film, art, and food. Her practice includes New West African Kitchen, a project where Saro-Wiwa re-imagines West African cuisine. Each feast also features African video art presentations and a mini lecture. On 22 March 2011, Saro-Wiwa was named as one of the top 25 leaders of the African Renaissance in \"The Times\" newspaper. Zina Saro-Wiwa was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to Ken and Maria Saro-Wiwa. Her late father, the author and poet Ken Saro-Wiwa, became a well-known Nigerian environmental and human rights activist. He was executed in 1995 by the military regime in Nigeria when she was 19. She grew up in Surrey and Sussex in the UK where Saro-Wiwa's wife Maria and five children lived. She attended the private girls' school, Roedean, in Sussex, and the University of Bristol where she studied economic and social history. Her twin sister is the travel writer Noo Saro-Wiwa, author of \"Looking For Transwonderland\" (published by Granta). Her older brother Ken Wiwa, is the author of the memoir \" In The Shadow of a Saint\" (published by Random House/Vintage).", "Ogoni Nine The Ogoni Nine were a group of nine activists from the Ogoni region of Nigeria who opposed the operating practices of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation. Their members included outspoken author and playwright Ken Saro-Wiwa, Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine (Tripathi, p.189), who were executed by hanging in 1995 by the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha and buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. The executions provoked international condemnation and led to the increasing treatment of Nigeria as a pariah state until General Abacha's mysterious death in 1998. Saro-Wiwa had previously been a critic of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation, and had been imprisoned for a year prior to the executions in November 1995. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony \u2013 in the presence of Shell\u2019s lawyer."], "answer": {"text": "Paul Hoffman of Schonbrun, DeSimone, Seplow, Harris & Hoffman and other human rights attorneys", "answer_start": 96}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the family do with the money?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the funding is also expected to be used to set up a development trust for the Ogoni people,", "answer_start": 1447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a detail about this topic that is interesting?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the company try to fight the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "the company denied any liability for the deaths, stating that the payment was part of a reconciliation process.", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e845f6fb9d1747d892f759663a85dc03_0_q#7", "question": "Did the family sue anyone else?", "rewrite": "Did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue anyone else, aside from Royal Dutch Shell?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Zina Saro -Wiwa Zina Saro-Wiwa (born 1976, Port Harcourt, Nigeria) is a Brooklyn-based video artist and filmmaker. She makes video installations, documentaries, music videos and experimental films. Saro- Wiwa is the founding filmmaker of the alt-Nollywood movement. A movement that uses the narrative, stylistic and visual conventions of the Nollywood film industry but for subversive, politically challenging ends. Formerly a BBC journalist, her artistic practice emerged from her interest in changing the way the world sees Africa using film, art, and food. Her practice includes New West African Kitchen, a project where Saro-Wiwa re-imagines West African cuisine. Each feast also features African video art presentations and a mini lecture. On 22 March 2011, Saro-Wiwa was named as one of the top 25 leaders of the African Renaissance in \"The Times\" newspaper. Zina Saro-Wiwa was born in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, to Ken and Maria Saro-Wiwa. Her late father, the author and poet Ken Saro-Wiwa, became a well-known Nigerian environmental and human rights activist. He was executed in 1995 by the military regime in Nigeria when she was 19. She grew up in Surrey and Sussex in the UK where Saro-Wiwa's wife Maria and five children lived. She attended the private girls' school, Roedean, in Sussex, and the University of Bristol where she studied economic and social history. Her twin sister is the travel writer Noo Saro-Wiwa, author of \"Looking For Transwonderland\" (published by Granta). Her older brother Ken Wiwa, is the author of the memoir \" In The Shadow of a Saint\" (published by Random House/Vintage).", "Ogoni Nine The Ogoni Nine were a group of nine activists from the Ogoni region of Nigeria who opposed the operating practices of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation. Their members included outspoken author and playwright Ken Saro-Wiwa, Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine (Tripathi, p.189), who were executed by hanging in 1995 by the military dictatorship of General Sani Abacha and buried in Port Harcourt Cemetery. The executions provoked international condemnation and led to the increasing treatment of Nigeria as a pariah state until General Abacha's mysterious death in 1998. Saro-Wiwa had previously been a critic of the Royal Dutch Shell oil corporation, and had been imprisoned for a year prior to the executions in November 1995. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony \u2013 in the presence of Shell\u2019s lawyer.", "Even though he was a fugitive, Wiwa met with human rights groups, environmental groups, church leaders, and western embassies in Nigeria frequently, informing them of the situation and requesting that they put pressure for Ken's release. The response to the campaign was overwhelming. The media reacted with a clamorous condemnation of the Nigerian military. Groups such as PEN International, Amnesty International, Greenpeace, the Sierra Club, and Human Rights Watch turned the arrest of Ken Saro-Wiwa into their cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre. Royal Dutch Shell was vilified and boycotted around the world. In February 1995, after being imprisoned for nine months without charge, Ken Saro-Wiwa was finally brought to trial. Bypassing normal legal procedures, Abacha set up a special military tribunal to try Ken and the others for the murder of the Ogoni chiefs. The international community condemned the trial as a sham. On 31 October 1995, Ken and eight other Ogoni activists were sentenced to death. They were hanged less than two weeks later, on 10 November. International reaction to the executions was swift. The Commonwealth suspended Nigeria. More than a dozen countries, including the United States, recalled their ambassadors. Owens moved swiftly. With his ex-wife and infant son in tow, he escaped the country with his life. With the help of Anita Roddick and her socially conscious cosmetic empire, The Body Shop, the Wiwas found temporary safe haven in London. Among those who gave the refugee Wiwa family temporary shelter was British novelist Doris Lessing. After several precarious months in England, Owens was able to relocate his family to permanent safety in Canada with the aid of Greenpeace Canada and Toronto's Bloor Street United Church. Wiwa resides in Toronto, Canada with his wife and three children.", "Wiwa v. Royal Dutch Shell Co.  The Wiwa family lawsuits against Royal Dutch Shell were three separate lawsuits brought by the family of Ken Saro-Wiwa against Royal Dutch Shell, its subsidiary Shell Nigeria and the subsidiary's CEO Brian Anderson, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the Alien Tort Statute, the Torture Victim Protection Act of 1992 and Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). They were charged with complicity in human rights abuses against the Ogoni people in the Niger Delta, including summary execution, crimes against humanity, torture, inhumane treatment, arbitrary arrest, wrongful death, and assault and battery. The lawsuits were filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) and co-counsel from EarthRights International in 1996, and after 12 years of Shell petitioning the court not to hear the cases, they were heard 26 May 2009. The particular incidents raised in these cases were:  American photojournalist Ed Kashi's images from the book \"Curse of the Black Gold: 50 Years of Oil in the Niger Delta\" were deposed as evidence of the human rights abuses that the oil industry, particularly Shell, has inflicted on the Ogoni people. On June 8, 2009, Shell settled out-of-court with the Saro-Wiwa family for $15.5 million. Ben Amunwa, director of the Remember Saro-Wiwa organization, said that \"No company, that is innocent of any involvement with the Nigeria military and human rights abuses, would settle out of court for 15.5 million dollars. It clearly shows that they have something to hide\". Shell stated the payment was a humanitarian gesture and a gesture of sympathy, denying culpability in the death of Ken Saro-Wiwa and the deaths of the Ogoni Nine.", "Owens Wiwa Monday Owens Wiwa (born 10 October 1957 in Bori, Nigeria) is a medical doctor and human rights activist. He is the brother of executed Ogoni leader Ken Saro-Wiwa, and the son of Ogoni chief Jim Wiwa. Wiwa is an internationally renowned expert on the effects of globalisation, especially as it relates to the highly controversial business practices of Royal Dutch Shell in the Niger Delta. Vice-chairman of the Toronto chapter of the Sierra Club Canada and an active member of Amnesty International, Wiwa is frequently called upon to advocate for development programs in Canada and abroad and to campaign for increased corporate responsibility. This work has taken him to Ireland, which he visits in support of the Shell to Sea campaign. Currently, he is the Country Director for the Clinton Health Access Initiative in Nigeria. Wiwa graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in 1985 and completed his internship at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. In 1989, he founded his own private clinic in the Ogoni town of Bori. The six kingdoms of the Ogoni\u2014Gokana, Ken-Khana, Nyo-Khana, Eleme, Babbe and Tai\u2014are situated in the southeast corner of Nigeria's Rivers State in the heart of the Niger River delta. A tribe of fishermen and farmers, the Ogoni are an ethnic group, numbering over two million people. In 1958, Royal Dutch Shell discovered petroleum in Ogoniland. Over the next few years, Shell identified a total of six oil fields in the Ogoni territory which it began exploiting through a joint venture with the government. Over the next 35 years, this venture\u2014in which the government was a majority partner and Shell the largest private partner\u2014produced 634 million barrels of oil worth US$30 billion."], "answer": {"text": "The lawsuits are brought against Royal Dutch Shell and Brian Anderson, the head of its Nigerian operation.", "answer_start": 414}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Ken Saro-Wiwa's family sue Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "alleged human rights violations in Nigeria,", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What type of company is Royal Dutch Shell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the family do with the money?", "answer": {"text": "Some of the funding is also expected to be used to set up a development trust for the Ogoni people,", "answer_start": 1447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a detail about this topic that is interesting?", "answer": {"text": "On 9 June 2009 Shell agreed to an out-of-court settlement of US$15.5 million to victims' families.", "answer_start": 969, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the company try to fight the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "the company denied any liability for the deaths, stating that the payment was part of a reconciliation process.", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the attorney for the family?", "answer": {"text": "Paul Hoffman of Schonbrun, DeSimone, Seplow, Harris & Hoffman and other human rights attorneys", "answer_start": 96, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#0", "question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "rewrite": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Leslie Kritzer Leslie Kritzer (born May 24, 1977) is a singer and musical theatre actress. Kritzer was born in Manhattan and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Puerto Rican ancestry. Kritzer was raised Catholic. She attended Livingston High School, graduating in 1995. A 1999 graduate of the University of Cincinnati \u2013 College-Conservatory of Music, she has appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and was the character Serena in \"Legally Blonde The Musical\". Off-Broadway she was seen in \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", \"\" and \"Godspell\", and her regional credits include \"Vanities\" (Kathy), \"Babes in Arms\" (Baby Rose), and both \"Grease\" (Rizzo) and \"Funny Girl\" (Fanny) at Paper Mill Playhouse. Kritzer starred in \"Leslie Kritzer is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches,\" a recreation of Patti LuPone's famed nightclub act. The show premiered at Joe's Pub and was conceived and directed by Ben Rimalower. She received a 2006 Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", followed by a 2007 Special Achievement MAC Award for her show \"Leslie Kritzer Is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches\", and a 2007 Clarence Derwent Award for her performance as Serena in \"Legally Blonde\". Kritzer starred in \"A Catered Affair\", portraying Janey Hurley, the character played by Debbie Reynolds in the 1956 feature film of the same name. \" A Catered Affair\" ran on Broadway from March 2008 through July 27, 2008. She starred in the Encores! staged concert presentation of \"On the Town\" in November 2008, as Hildy, the amorous and aggressive taxi driver.", "Dick Gallagher Dick Gallagher (October 16, 1955 \u2013 January 20, 2005) was a pianist and composer, best known on the New York City cabaret scene. Gallagher graduated from the Northwestern University School of Music and received a master's degree from the University of Illinois at Champaign. He played the piano for performers at many New York City venues, such as Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, the Oak Room at the Algonquin, Rainbow & Stars, and the Carlyle. He was the musical arranger for many performers, including Liza Minnelli and Karen Akers. For many years he was the arranger, accompanist and conductor for Patti LuPone, and with writer-director Scott Wittman created several shows for LuPone. He was the arranger and musical director for two Lupone shows on Broadway: \"Matters of the Heart\" (2000) and \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" (1995). Gallagher co-wrote scores for several musicals: He also wrote the title song for the Charles Busch play \"You Should Be So Lucky\". and wrote the music for two musicals for the theatre company TheatreWorks/USA: \"Gold Rush!\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop) and \"A Christmas Carol\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop). He received the MAC Award, Musical Director of the year, in 2004.", "Robert LuPone Robert LuPone (born July 29, 1946) is an American actor and artistic director. He works on stage, in film, and in television. He is the brother of actress Patti LuPone. LuPone was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Angela Louise (n\u00e9e Patti), a school librarian, and Orlando Joseph LuPone, an educational administrator. He trained as a dancer and is a graduate of Juilliard School, having studied with Antony Tudor, Jose Limon, and Martha Graham. He studied theatre at HB Studio under Uta Hagen. LuPone's Broadway performances include \"A Thousand Clowns\" (2001), \"True West\" (2000), \"A View from the Bridge\" (1997), \"Late Nite Comic\" (1987), \"St. Joan\" (1977), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974). For his performance as Zach in \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. As artistic director of MCC Theater in New York City, he produced \"Frozen\" (2004) and \"Reasons To Be Pretty\" (2008), both of which were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. LuPone's many off-Broadway performances include \"Twelfth Night\" (1980), \"Black Angel\" (1982), and \"Lennon\" (1982). He also has appeared in regional theater. LuPone served as director of the MFA Drama Program at The New School for Drama, New York City, until the spring of 2011. On television, LuPone appeared in five episodes of \"The Sopranos\" as Dr. Bruce Cusamano (1999\u20132007). He appeared on \"\" for two episodes as Nelson Broome (2003\u20132009), and on \"\" for one episode in 2004.", "Price made his directorial debut with the Off-Broadway revival of \"The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N\" in 1989 for the American Jewish Theater, followed by \"The Rothschilds\" and \"Juno\", both of which received Outer Critics Circle nominations for Best Revival. He has directed numerous musical productions, both concert and non-concert, with the New York Philharmonic, which include Stephen Sondheim's \"\" with Patti LuPone and George Hearn in 2000, for which he won an Emmy Award, Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\" (2004), with Kristin Chenoweth, Sir Thomas Allen, and Patti LuPone, \"Passion\" with Patti LuPone and Audra McDonald, for which he also won an Emmy Award, and \"Camelot\" with Gabriel Byrne, Marin Mazzie, Christopher Lloyd, and Nathan Gunn, among other productions. In March 2010, he conceived and directed \"Sondheim! The Birthday Concert\" at the New York Philharmonic, celebrating the composer-lyricist's 80th Birthday. The PBS television broadcast was nominated for several Emmy Awards, and Price won for \"Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special.\" In April 2011 he directed an acclaimed concert production of Sondheim's \"Company\" with Neil Patrick Harris, Stephen Colbert, Martha Plimpton, Christina Hendricks, and Patti LuPone, backed by the New York Philharmonic. In 2013, he again directed \"Sweeney Todd\" at the New York Philharmonic, this time starring Emma Thompson and Bryn Terfel. The PBS telecast for \"Live from Lincoln Center\" won the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Variety, Music, Or Comedy Special.\" He has directed numerous productions at the Chicago Ravinia Festival, including \"Sweeney Todd\", \"Gypsy\", \"Sunday in the Park With George\",", "With Patti LuPone, he co-created the concert \"Patti LuPone: Live!\", which ran in Los Angeles in April/May 1993, and played on Broadway as \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" from October to November 1995. He worked as music director on the Sherman Brothers musical \"Busker Alley\" starring Tommy Tune from 1994 to 1995. In 1996, McDaniel became producer and composer on Rosie O'Donnell's talk show, \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\". The series ran until May 22, 2002, garnering McDaniel two Daytime Emmy Awards out of six nominations. On the 1996 television series \"The Nanny\", the talk show was featured in the episode \"The Rosie Show. \" McDaniel appears in scenes of \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" used in the episode. McDaniel and the rest of the house band were dubbed \"The McDLT's.\" On March 4, 1999, a revival of Irving Berlin's \"Annie Get Your Gun\" opened at the Marquis Theatre, with McDaniel as vocal arranger and supervising musical director, which ran until September 2001. In 2000, McDaniel received a Board of Directors' Award from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs. Subsequent Broadway credits include \"Taboo\" in 2003 and \"Brooklyn\" in 2004. McDaniel later served as musical director for the Frank Wildhorn, Don Black and Ivan Menchell musical adaptation of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", in a Roundabout Theatre Company reading in February 2009. McDaniel collaborated with Tyne Daly for a \"much-raved-about gig at Feinstein's at Loews Regency\" in January 2010; he subsequently worked with Daly and Jerry Mitchell on a workshop of the dance show, \"Queen of the Stardust Ballroom\"."], "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#1", "question": "Has she won any awards?", "rewrite": "Has Patti LuPone won any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["With Patti LuPone, he co-created the concert \"Patti LuPone: Live!\", which ran in Los Angeles in April/May 1993, and played on Broadway as \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" from October to November 1995. He worked as music director on the Sherman Brothers musical \"Busker Alley\" starring Tommy Tune from 1994 to 1995. In 1996, McDaniel became producer and composer on Rosie O'Donnell's talk show, \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\". The series ran until May 22, 2002, garnering McDaniel two Daytime Emmy Awards out of six nominations. On the 1996 television series \"The Nanny\", the talk show was featured in the episode \"The Rosie Show. \" McDaniel appears in scenes of \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" used in the episode. McDaniel and the rest of the house band were dubbed \"The McDLT's.\" On March 4, 1999, a revival of Irving Berlin's \"Annie Get Your Gun\" opened at the Marquis Theatre, with McDaniel as vocal arranger and supervising musical director, which ran until September 2001. In 2000, McDaniel received a Board of Directors' Award from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs. Subsequent Broadway credits include \"Taboo\" in 2003 and \"Brooklyn\" in 2004. McDaniel later served as musical director for the Frank Wildhorn, Don Black and Ivan Menchell musical adaptation of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", in a Roundabout Theatre Company reading in February 2009. McDaniel collaborated with Tyne Daly for a \"much-raved-about gig at Feinstein's at Loews Regency\" in January 2010; he subsequently worked with Daly and Jerry Mitchell on a workshop of the dance show, \"Queen of the Stardust Ballroom\".", "Dick Gallagher Dick Gallagher (October 16, 1955 \u2013 January 20, 2005) was a pianist and composer, best known on the New York City cabaret scene. Gallagher graduated from the Northwestern University School of Music and received a master's degree from the University of Illinois at Champaign. He played the piano for performers at many New York City venues, such as Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, the Oak Room at the Algonquin, Rainbow & Stars, and the Carlyle. He was the musical arranger for many performers, including Liza Minnelli and Karen Akers. For many years he was the arranger, accompanist and conductor for Patti LuPone, and with writer-director Scott Wittman created several shows for LuPone. He was the arranger and musical director for two Lupone shows on Broadway: \"Matters of the Heart\" (2000) and \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" (1995). Gallagher co-wrote scores for several musicals: He also wrote the title song for the Charles Busch play \"You Should Be So Lucky\". and wrote the music for two musicals for the theatre company TheatreWorks/USA: \"Gold Rush!\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop) and \"A Christmas Carol\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop). He received the MAC Award, Musical Director of the year, in 2004.", "Robert LuPone Robert LuPone (born July 29, 1946) is an American actor and artistic director. He works on stage, in film, and in television. He is the brother of actress Patti LuPone. LuPone was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Angela Louise (n\u00e9e Patti), a school librarian, and Orlando Joseph LuPone, an educational administrator. He trained as a dancer and is a graduate of Juilliard School, having studied with Antony Tudor, Jose Limon, and Martha Graham. He studied theatre at HB Studio under Uta Hagen. LuPone's Broadway performances include \"A Thousand Clowns\" (2001), \"True West\" (2000), \"A View from the Bridge\" (1997), \"Late Nite Comic\" (1987), \"St. Joan\" (1977), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974). For his performance as Zach in \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. As artistic director of MCC Theater in New York City, he produced \"Frozen\" (2004) and \"Reasons To Be Pretty\" (2008), both of which were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. LuPone's many off-Broadway performances include \"Twelfth Night\" (1980), \"Black Angel\" (1982), and \"Lennon\" (1982). He also has appeared in regional theater. LuPone served as director of the MFA Drama Program at The New School for Drama, New York City, until the spring of 2011. On television, LuPone appeared in five episodes of \"The Sopranos\" as Dr. Bruce Cusamano (1999\u20132007). He appeared on \"\" for two episodes as Nelson Broome (2003\u20132009), and on \"\" for one episode in 2004.", "Leslie Kritzer Leslie Kritzer (born May 24, 1977) is a singer and musical theatre actress. Kritzer was born in Manhattan and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Puerto Rican ancestry. Kritzer was raised Catholic. She attended Livingston High School, graduating in 1995. A 1999 graduate of the University of Cincinnati \u2013 College-Conservatory of Music, she has appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and was the character Serena in \"Legally Blonde The Musical\". Off-Broadway she was seen in \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", \"\" and \"Godspell\", and her regional credits include \"Vanities\" (Kathy), \"Babes in Arms\" (Baby Rose), and both \"Grease\" (Rizzo) and \"Funny Girl\" (Fanny) at Paper Mill Playhouse. Kritzer starred in \"Leslie Kritzer is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches,\" a recreation of Patti LuPone's famed nightclub act. The show premiered at Joe's Pub and was conceived and directed by Ben Rimalower. She received a 2006 Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", followed by a 2007 Special Achievement MAC Award for her show \"Leslie Kritzer Is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches\", and a 2007 Clarence Derwent Award for her performance as Serena in \"Legally Blonde\". Kritzer starred in \"A Catered Affair\", portraying Janey Hurley, the character played by Debbie Reynolds in the 1956 feature film of the same name. \" A Catered Affair\" ran on Broadway from March 2008 through July 27, 2008. She starred in the Encores! staged concert presentation of \"On the Town\" in November 2008, as Hildy, the amorous and aggressive taxi driver.", "Price made his directorial debut with the Off-Broadway revival of \"The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N\" in 1989 for the American Jewish Theater, followed by \"The Rothschilds\" and \"Juno\", both of which received Outer Critics Circle nominations for Best Revival. He has directed numerous musical productions, both concert and non-concert, with the New York Philharmonic, which include Stephen Sondheim's \"\" with Patti LuPone and George Hearn in 2000, for which he won an Emmy Award, Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\" (2004), with Kristin Chenoweth, Sir Thomas Allen, and Patti LuPone, \"Passion\" with Patti LuPone and Audra McDonald, for which he also won an Emmy Award, and \"Camelot\" with Gabriel Byrne, Marin Mazzie, Christopher Lloyd, and Nathan Gunn, among other productions. In March 2010, he conceived and directed \"Sondheim! The Birthday Concert\" at the New York Philharmonic, celebrating the composer-lyricist's 80th Birthday. The PBS television broadcast was nominated for several Emmy Awards, and Price won for \"Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special.\" In April 2011 he directed an acclaimed concert production of Sondheim's \"Company\" with Neil Patrick Harris, Stephen Colbert, Martha Plimpton, Christina Hendricks, and Patti LuPone, backed by the New York Philharmonic. In 2013, he again directed \"Sweeney Todd\" at the New York Philharmonic, this time starring Emma Thompson and Bryn Terfel. The PBS telecast for \"Live from Lincoln Center\" won the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Variety, Music, Or Comedy Special.\" He has directed numerous productions at the Chicago Ravinia Festival, including \"Sweeney Todd\", \"Gypsy\", \"Sunday in the Park With George\","], "answer": {"text": "She has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award:", "answer_start": 974}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#2", "question": "Who is a costar she had?", "rewrite": "Who is a costar Patti LuPone had?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With Patti LuPone, he co-created the concert \"Patti LuPone: Live!\", which ran in Los Angeles in April/May 1993, and played on Broadway as \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" from October to November 1995. He worked as music director on the Sherman Brothers musical \"Busker Alley\" starring Tommy Tune from 1994 to 1995. In 1996, McDaniel became producer and composer on Rosie O'Donnell's talk show, \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\". The series ran until May 22, 2002, garnering McDaniel two Daytime Emmy Awards out of six nominations. On the 1996 television series \"The Nanny\", the talk show was featured in the episode \"The Rosie Show. \" McDaniel appears in scenes of \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" used in the episode. McDaniel and the rest of the house band were dubbed \"The McDLT's.\" On March 4, 1999, a revival of Irving Berlin's \"Annie Get Your Gun\" opened at the Marquis Theatre, with McDaniel as vocal arranger and supervising musical director, which ran until September 2001. In 2000, McDaniel received a Board of Directors' Award from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs. Subsequent Broadway credits include \"Taboo\" in 2003 and \"Brooklyn\" in 2004. McDaniel later served as musical director for the Frank Wildhorn, Don Black and Ivan Menchell musical adaptation of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", in a Roundabout Theatre Company reading in February 2009. McDaniel collaborated with Tyne Daly for a \"much-raved-about gig at Feinstein's at Loews Regency\" in January 2010; he subsequently worked with Daly and Jerry Mitchell on a workshop of the dance show, \"Queen of the Stardust Ballroom\".", "Robert LuPone Robert LuPone (born July 29, 1946) is an American actor and artistic director. He works on stage, in film, and in television. He is the brother of actress Patti LuPone. LuPone was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Angela Louise (n\u00e9e Patti), a school librarian, and Orlando Joseph LuPone, an educational administrator. He trained as a dancer and is a graduate of Juilliard School, having studied with Antony Tudor, Jose Limon, and Martha Graham. He studied theatre at HB Studio under Uta Hagen. LuPone's Broadway performances include \"A Thousand Clowns\" (2001), \"True West\" (2000), \"A View from the Bridge\" (1997), \"Late Nite Comic\" (1987), \"St. Joan\" (1977), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974). For his performance as Zach in \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. As artistic director of MCC Theater in New York City, he produced \"Frozen\" (2004) and \"Reasons To Be Pretty\" (2008), both of which were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. LuPone's many off-Broadway performances include \"Twelfth Night\" (1980), \"Black Angel\" (1982), and \"Lennon\" (1982). He also has appeared in regional theater. LuPone served as director of the MFA Drama Program at The New School for Drama, New York City, until the spring of 2011. On television, LuPone appeared in five episodes of \"The Sopranos\" as Dr. Bruce Cusamano (1999\u20132007). He appeared on \"\" for two episodes as Nelson Broome (2003\u20132009), and on \"\" for one episode in 2004.", "Dick Gallagher Dick Gallagher (October 16, 1955 \u2013 January 20, 2005) was a pianist and composer, best known on the New York City cabaret scene. Gallagher graduated from the Northwestern University School of Music and received a master's degree from the University of Illinois at Champaign. He played the piano for performers at many New York City venues, such as Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, the Oak Room at the Algonquin, Rainbow & Stars, and the Carlyle. He was the musical arranger for many performers, including Liza Minnelli and Karen Akers. For many years he was the arranger, accompanist and conductor for Patti LuPone, and with writer-director Scott Wittman created several shows for LuPone. He was the arranger and musical director for two Lupone shows on Broadway: \"Matters of the Heart\" (2000) and \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" (1995). Gallagher co-wrote scores for several musicals: He also wrote the title song for the Charles Busch play \"You Should Be So Lucky\". and wrote the music for two musicals for the theatre company TheatreWorks/USA: \"Gold Rush!\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop) and \"A Christmas Carol\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop). He received the MAC Award, Musical Director of the year, in 2004.", "Price made his directorial debut with the Off-Broadway revival of \"The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N\" in 1989 for the American Jewish Theater, followed by \"The Rothschilds\" and \"Juno\", both of which received Outer Critics Circle nominations for Best Revival. He has directed numerous musical productions, both concert and non-concert, with the New York Philharmonic, which include Stephen Sondheim's \"\" with Patti LuPone and George Hearn in 2000, for which he won an Emmy Award, Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\" (2004), with Kristin Chenoweth, Sir Thomas Allen, and Patti LuPone, \"Passion\" with Patti LuPone and Audra McDonald, for which he also won an Emmy Award, and \"Camelot\" with Gabriel Byrne, Marin Mazzie, Christopher Lloyd, and Nathan Gunn, among other productions. In March 2010, he conceived and directed \"Sondheim! The Birthday Concert\" at the New York Philharmonic, celebrating the composer-lyricist's 80th Birthday. The PBS television broadcast was nominated for several Emmy Awards, and Price won for \"Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special.\" In April 2011 he directed an acclaimed concert production of Sondheim's \"Company\" with Neil Patrick Harris, Stephen Colbert, Martha Plimpton, Christina Hendricks, and Patti LuPone, backed by the New York Philharmonic. In 2013, he again directed \"Sweeney Todd\" at the New York Philharmonic, this time starring Emma Thompson and Bryn Terfel. The PBS telecast for \"Live from Lincoln Center\" won the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Variety, Music, Or Comedy Special.\" He has directed numerous productions at the Chicago Ravinia Festival, including \"Sweeney Todd\", \"Gypsy\", \"Sunday in the Park With George\",", "Leslie Kritzer Leslie Kritzer (born May 24, 1977) is a singer and musical theatre actress. Kritzer was born in Manhattan and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Puerto Rican ancestry. Kritzer was raised Catholic. She attended Livingston High School, graduating in 1995. A 1999 graduate of the University of Cincinnati \u2013 College-Conservatory of Music, she has appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and was the character Serena in \"Legally Blonde The Musical\". Off-Broadway she was seen in \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", \"\" and \"Godspell\", and her regional credits include \"Vanities\" (Kathy), \"Babes in Arms\" (Baby Rose), and both \"Grease\" (Rizzo) and \"Funny Girl\" (Fanny) at Paper Mill Playhouse. Kritzer starred in \"Leslie Kritzer is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches,\" a recreation of Patti LuPone's famed nightclub act. The show premiered at Joe's Pub and was conceived and directed by Ben Rimalower. She received a 2006 Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", followed by a 2007 Special Achievement MAC Award for her show \"Leslie Kritzer Is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches\", and a 2007 Clarence Derwent Award for her performance as Serena in \"Legally Blonde\". Kritzer starred in \"A Catered Affair\", portraying Janey Hurley, the character played by Debbie Reynolds in the 1956 feature film of the same name. \" A Catered Affair\" ran on Broadway from March 2008 through July 27, 2008. She starred in the Encores! staged concert presentation of \"On the Town\" in November 2008, as Hildy, the amorous and aggressive taxi driver."], "answer": {"text": "She reunited with fellow guest star Kellie Martin as her mother", "answer_start": 135}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has she won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "She has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award:", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#3", "question": "In what show was that?", "rewrite": "In what show was Patti LuPone reunited with Kellie Martin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Price made his directorial debut with the Off-Broadway revival of \"The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N\" in 1989 for the American Jewish Theater, followed by \"The Rothschilds\" and \"Juno\", both of which received Outer Critics Circle nominations for Best Revival. He has directed numerous musical productions, both concert and non-concert, with the New York Philharmonic, which include Stephen Sondheim's \"\" with Patti LuPone and George Hearn in 2000, for which he won an Emmy Award, Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\" (2004), with Kristin Chenoweth, Sir Thomas Allen, and Patti LuPone, \"Passion\" with Patti LuPone and Audra McDonald, for which he also won an Emmy Award, and \"Camelot\" with Gabriel Byrne, Marin Mazzie, Christopher Lloyd, and Nathan Gunn, among other productions. In March 2010, he conceived and directed \"Sondheim! The Birthday Concert\" at the New York Philharmonic, celebrating the composer-lyricist's 80th Birthday. The PBS television broadcast was nominated for several Emmy Awards, and Price won for \"Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special.\" In April 2011 he directed an acclaimed concert production of Sondheim's \"Company\" with Neil Patrick Harris, Stephen Colbert, Martha Plimpton, Christina Hendricks, and Patti LuPone, backed by the New York Philharmonic. In 2013, he again directed \"Sweeney Todd\" at the New York Philharmonic, this time starring Emma Thompson and Bryn Terfel. The PBS telecast for \"Live from Lincoln Center\" won the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Variety, Music, Or Comedy Special.\" He has directed numerous productions at the Chicago Ravinia Festival, including \"Sweeney Todd\", \"Gypsy\", \"Sunday in the Park With George\",", "Robert LuPone Robert LuPone (born July 29, 1946) is an American actor and artistic director. He works on stage, in film, and in television. He is the brother of actress Patti LuPone. LuPone was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Angela Louise (n\u00e9e Patti), a school librarian, and Orlando Joseph LuPone, an educational administrator. He trained as a dancer and is a graduate of Juilliard School, having studied with Antony Tudor, Jose Limon, and Martha Graham. He studied theatre at HB Studio under Uta Hagen. LuPone's Broadway performances include \"A Thousand Clowns\" (2001), \"True West\" (2000), \"A View from the Bridge\" (1997), \"Late Nite Comic\" (1987), \"St. Joan\" (1977), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974). For his performance as Zach in \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. As artistic director of MCC Theater in New York City, he produced \"Frozen\" (2004) and \"Reasons To Be Pretty\" (2008), both of which were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. LuPone's many off-Broadway performances include \"Twelfth Night\" (1980), \"Black Angel\" (1982), and \"Lennon\" (1982). He also has appeared in regional theater. LuPone served as director of the MFA Drama Program at The New School for Drama, New York City, until the spring of 2011. On television, LuPone appeared in five episodes of \"The Sopranos\" as Dr. Bruce Cusamano (1999\u20132007). He appeared on \"\" for two episodes as Nelson Broome (2003\u20132009), and on \"\" for one episode in 2004.", "With Patti LuPone, he co-created the concert \"Patti LuPone: Live!\", which ran in Los Angeles in April/May 1993, and played on Broadway as \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" from October to November 1995. He worked as music director on the Sherman Brothers musical \"Busker Alley\" starring Tommy Tune from 1994 to 1995. In 1996, McDaniel became producer and composer on Rosie O'Donnell's talk show, \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\". The series ran until May 22, 2002, garnering McDaniel two Daytime Emmy Awards out of six nominations. On the 1996 television series \"The Nanny\", the talk show was featured in the episode \"The Rosie Show. \" McDaniel appears in scenes of \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" used in the episode. McDaniel and the rest of the house band were dubbed \"The McDLT's.\" On March 4, 1999, a revival of Irving Berlin's \"Annie Get Your Gun\" opened at the Marquis Theatre, with McDaniel as vocal arranger and supervising musical director, which ran until September 2001. In 2000, McDaniel received a Board of Directors' Award from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs. Subsequent Broadway credits include \"Taboo\" in 2003 and \"Brooklyn\" in 2004. McDaniel later served as musical director for the Frank Wildhorn, Don Black and Ivan Menchell musical adaptation of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", in a Roundabout Theatre Company reading in February 2009. McDaniel collaborated with Tyne Daly for a \"much-raved-about gig at Feinstein's at Loews Regency\" in January 2010; he subsequently worked with Daly and Jerry Mitchell on a workshop of the dance show, \"Queen of the Stardust Ballroom\".", "Leslie Kritzer Leslie Kritzer (born May 24, 1977) is a singer and musical theatre actress. Kritzer was born in Manhattan and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Puerto Rican ancestry. Kritzer was raised Catholic. She attended Livingston High School, graduating in 1995. A 1999 graduate of the University of Cincinnati \u2013 College-Conservatory of Music, she has appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and was the character Serena in \"Legally Blonde The Musical\". Off-Broadway she was seen in \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", \"\" and \"Godspell\", and her regional credits include \"Vanities\" (Kathy), \"Babes in Arms\" (Baby Rose), and both \"Grease\" (Rizzo) and \"Funny Girl\" (Fanny) at Paper Mill Playhouse. Kritzer starred in \"Leslie Kritzer is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches,\" a recreation of Patti LuPone's famed nightclub act. The show premiered at Joe's Pub and was conceived and directed by Ben Rimalower. She received a 2006 Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", followed by a 2007 Special Achievement MAC Award for her show \"Leslie Kritzer Is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches\", and a 2007 Clarence Derwent Award for her performance as Serena in \"Legally Blonde\". Kritzer starred in \"A Catered Affair\", portraying Janey Hurley, the character played by Debbie Reynolds in the 1956 feature film of the same name. \" A Catered Affair\" ran on Broadway from March 2008 through July 27, 2008. She starred in the Encores! staged concert presentation of \"On the Town\" in November 2008, as Hildy, the amorous and aggressive taxi driver.", "LuPone appeared as herself in the season two finale of the television series Glee. LuPone guest starred on Army Wives on July 8, 2012. She reunited with fellow guest star Kellie Martin as her mother once again. LuPone appeared in the 2013 film Parker, an action-thriller. In 2013, LuPone was cast in the third season of the FX series American Horror Story as Joan Ramsey, a religious mother with a hidden past, and played herself in the third season of HBO's Girls. In 2015, she appeared in several episodes of the Showtime horror series Penny Dreadful as a cantankerous yet powerful white witch. She returned to the show in 2016 in the role of Dr. Seward, an alienist aiding Eva Green's character. Seward is an adaptation of John Seward from Bram Stoker's Dracula, and claims to be a descendant of Joan Clayton, the character LuPone portrayed in the second season. Also in 2016, she began appearing in Steven Universe as the voice of Yellow Diamond."], "answer": {"text": "LuPone guest starred on Army Wives", "answer_start": 83}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has she won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "She has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award:", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is a costar she had?", "answer": {"text": "She reunited with fellow guest star Kellie Martin as her mother", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#4", "question": "What is a leading role she had?", "rewrite": "What is a leading role Patti LuPone had?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dick Gallagher Dick Gallagher (October 16, 1955 \u2013 January 20, 2005) was a pianist and composer, best known on the New York City cabaret scene. Gallagher graduated from the Northwestern University School of Music and received a master's degree from the University of Illinois at Champaign. He played the piano for performers at many New York City venues, such as Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, the Oak Room at the Algonquin, Rainbow & Stars, and the Carlyle. He was the musical arranger for many performers, including Liza Minnelli and Karen Akers. For many years he was the arranger, accompanist and conductor for Patti LuPone, and with writer-director Scott Wittman created several shows for LuPone. He was the arranger and musical director for two Lupone shows on Broadway: \"Matters of the Heart\" (2000) and \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" (1995). Gallagher co-wrote scores for several musicals: He also wrote the title song for the Charles Busch play \"You Should Be So Lucky\". and wrote the music for two musicals for the theatre company TheatreWorks/USA: \"Gold Rush!\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop) and \"A Christmas Carol\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop). He received the MAC Award, Musical Director of the year, in 2004.", "Leslie Kritzer Leslie Kritzer (born May 24, 1977) is a singer and musical theatre actress. Kritzer was born in Manhattan and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Puerto Rican ancestry. Kritzer was raised Catholic. She attended Livingston High School, graduating in 1995. A 1999 graduate of the University of Cincinnati \u2013 College-Conservatory of Music, she has appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and was the character Serena in \"Legally Blonde The Musical\". Off-Broadway she was seen in \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", \"\" and \"Godspell\", and her regional credits include \"Vanities\" (Kathy), \"Babes in Arms\" (Baby Rose), and both \"Grease\" (Rizzo) and \"Funny Girl\" (Fanny) at Paper Mill Playhouse. Kritzer starred in \"Leslie Kritzer is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches,\" a recreation of Patti LuPone's famed nightclub act. The show premiered at Joe's Pub and was conceived and directed by Ben Rimalower. She received a 2006 Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", followed by a 2007 Special Achievement MAC Award for her show \"Leslie Kritzer Is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches\", and a 2007 Clarence Derwent Award for her performance as Serena in \"Legally Blonde\". Kritzer starred in \"A Catered Affair\", portraying Janey Hurley, the character played by Debbie Reynolds in the 1956 feature film of the same name. \" A Catered Affair\" ran on Broadway from March 2008 through July 27, 2008. She starred in the Encores! staged concert presentation of \"On the Town\" in November 2008, as Hildy, the amorous and aggressive taxi driver.", "With Patti LuPone, he co-created the concert \"Patti LuPone: Live!\", which ran in Los Angeles in April/May 1993, and played on Broadway as \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" from October to November 1995. He worked as music director on the Sherman Brothers musical \"Busker Alley\" starring Tommy Tune from 1994 to 1995. In 1996, McDaniel became producer and composer on Rosie O'Donnell's talk show, \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\". The series ran until May 22, 2002, garnering McDaniel two Daytime Emmy Awards out of six nominations. On the 1996 television series \"The Nanny\", the talk show was featured in the episode \"The Rosie Show. \" McDaniel appears in scenes of \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" used in the episode. McDaniel and the rest of the house band were dubbed \"The McDLT's.\" On March 4, 1999, a revival of Irving Berlin's \"Annie Get Your Gun\" opened at the Marquis Theatre, with McDaniel as vocal arranger and supervising musical director, which ran until September 2001. In 2000, McDaniel received a Board of Directors' Award from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs. Subsequent Broadway credits include \"Taboo\" in 2003 and \"Brooklyn\" in 2004. McDaniel later served as musical director for the Frank Wildhorn, Don Black and Ivan Menchell musical adaptation of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", in a Roundabout Theatre Company reading in February 2009. McDaniel collaborated with Tyne Daly for a \"much-raved-about gig at Feinstein's at Loews Regency\" in January 2010; he subsequently worked with Daly and Jerry Mitchell on a workshop of the dance show, \"Queen of the Stardust Ballroom\".", "Price made his directorial debut with the Off-Broadway revival of \"The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N\" in 1989 for the American Jewish Theater, followed by \"The Rothschilds\" and \"Juno\", both of which received Outer Critics Circle nominations for Best Revival. He has directed numerous musical productions, both concert and non-concert, with the New York Philharmonic, which include Stephen Sondheim's \"\" with Patti LuPone and George Hearn in 2000, for which he won an Emmy Award, Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\" (2004), with Kristin Chenoweth, Sir Thomas Allen, and Patti LuPone, \"Passion\" with Patti LuPone and Audra McDonald, for which he also won an Emmy Award, and \"Camelot\" with Gabriel Byrne, Marin Mazzie, Christopher Lloyd, and Nathan Gunn, among other productions. In March 2010, he conceived and directed \"Sondheim! The Birthday Concert\" at the New York Philharmonic, celebrating the composer-lyricist's 80th Birthday. The PBS television broadcast was nominated for several Emmy Awards, and Price won for \"Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special.\" In April 2011 he directed an acclaimed concert production of Sondheim's \"Company\" with Neil Patrick Harris, Stephen Colbert, Martha Plimpton, Christina Hendricks, and Patti LuPone, backed by the New York Philharmonic. In 2013, he again directed \"Sweeney Todd\" at the New York Philharmonic, this time starring Emma Thompson and Bryn Terfel. The PBS telecast for \"Live from Lincoln Center\" won the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Variety, Music, Or Comedy Special.\" He has directed numerous productions at the Chicago Ravinia Festival, including \"Sweeney Todd\", \"Gypsy\", \"Sunday in the Park With George\",", "Robert LuPone Robert LuPone (born July 29, 1946) is an American actor and artistic director. He works on stage, in film, and in television. He is the brother of actress Patti LuPone. LuPone was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Angela Louise (n\u00e9e Patti), a school librarian, and Orlando Joseph LuPone, an educational administrator. He trained as a dancer and is a graduate of Juilliard School, having studied with Antony Tudor, Jose Limon, and Martha Graham. He studied theatre at HB Studio under Uta Hagen. LuPone's Broadway performances include \"A Thousand Clowns\" (2001), \"True West\" (2000), \"A View from the Bridge\" (1997), \"Late Nite Comic\" (1987), \"St. Joan\" (1977), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974). For his performance as Zach in \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. As artistic director of MCC Theater in New York City, he produced \"Frozen\" (2004) and \"Reasons To Be Pretty\" (2008), both of which were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. LuPone's many off-Broadway performances include \"Twelfth Night\" (1980), \"Black Angel\" (1982), and \"Lennon\" (1982). He also has appeared in regional theater. LuPone served as director of the MFA Drama Program at The New School for Drama, New York City, until the spring of 2011. On television, LuPone appeared in five episodes of \"The Sopranos\" as Dr. Bruce Cusamano (1999\u20132007). He appeared on \"\" for two episodes as Nelson Broome (2003\u20132009), and on \"\" for one episode in 2004."], "answer": {"text": "She played Lady Bird Johnson in the TV movie, LBJ: The Early Years", "answer_start": 710}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has she won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "She has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award:", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is a costar she had?", "answer": {"text": "She reunited with fellow guest star Kellie Martin as her mother", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "In what show was that?", "answer": {"text": "LuPone guest starred on Army Wives", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#5", "question": "In what movie or tv role?", "rewrite": "In what movie or TV role did Patti LuPone play?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Price made his directorial debut with the Off-Broadway revival of \"The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N\" in 1989 for the American Jewish Theater, followed by \"The Rothschilds\" and \"Juno\", both of which received Outer Critics Circle nominations for Best Revival. He has directed numerous musical productions, both concert and non-concert, with the New York Philharmonic, which include Stephen Sondheim's \"\" with Patti LuPone and George Hearn in 2000, for which he won an Emmy Award, Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\" (2004), with Kristin Chenoweth, Sir Thomas Allen, and Patti LuPone, \"Passion\" with Patti LuPone and Audra McDonald, for which he also won an Emmy Award, and \"Camelot\" with Gabriel Byrne, Marin Mazzie, Christopher Lloyd, and Nathan Gunn, among other productions. In March 2010, he conceived and directed \"Sondheim! The Birthday Concert\" at the New York Philharmonic, celebrating the composer-lyricist's 80th Birthday. The PBS television broadcast was nominated for several Emmy Awards, and Price won for \"Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special.\" In April 2011 he directed an acclaimed concert production of Sondheim's \"Company\" with Neil Patrick Harris, Stephen Colbert, Martha Plimpton, Christina Hendricks, and Patti LuPone, backed by the New York Philharmonic. In 2013, he again directed \"Sweeney Todd\" at the New York Philharmonic, this time starring Emma Thompson and Bryn Terfel. The PBS telecast for \"Live from Lincoln Center\" won the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Variety, Music, Or Comedy Special.\" He has directed numerous productions at the Chicago Ravinia Festival, including \"Sweeney Todd\", \"Gypsy\", \"Sunday in the Park With George\",", "With Patti LuPone, he co-created the concert \"Patti LuPone: Live!\", which ran in Los Angeles in April/May 1993, and played on Broadway as \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" from October to November 1995. He worked as music director on the Sherman Brothers musical \"Busker Alley\" starring Tommy Tune from 1994 to 1995. In 1996, McDaniel became producer and composer on Rosie O'Donnell's talk show, \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\". The series ran until May 22, 2002, garnering McDaniel two Daytime Emmy Awards out of six nominations. On the 1996 television series \"The Nanny\", the talk show was featured in the episode \"The Rosie Show. \" McDaniel appears in scenes of \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" used in the episode. McDaniel and the rest of the house band were dubbed \"The McDLT's.\" On March 4, 1999, a revival of Irving Berlin's \"Annie Get Your Gun\" opened at the Marquis Theatre, with McDaniel as vocal arranger and supervising musical director, which ran until September 2001. In 2000, McDaniel received a Board of Directors' Award from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs. Subsequent Broadway credits include \"Taboo\" in 2003 and \"Brooklyn\" in 2004. McDaniel later served as musical director for the Frank Wildhorn, Don Black and Ivan Menchell musical adaptation of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", in a Roundabout Theatre Company reading in February 2009. McDaniel collaborated with Tyne Daly for a \"much-raved-about gig at Feinstein's at Loews Regency\" in January 2010; he subsequently worked with Daly and Jerry Mitchell on a workshop of the dance show, \"Queen of the Stardust Ballroom\".", "Dick Gallagher Dick Gallagher (October 16, 1955 \u2013 January 20, 2005) was a pianist and composer, best known on the New York City cabaret scene. Gallagher graduated from the Northwestern University School of Music and received a master's degree from the University of Illinois at Champaign. He played the piano for performers at many New York City venues, such as Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, the Oak Room at the Algonquin, Rainbow & Stars, and the Carlyle. He was the musical arranger for many performers, including Liza Minnelli and Karen Akers. For many years he was the arranger, accompanist and conductor for Patti LuPone, and with writer-director Scott Wittman created several shows for LuPone. He was the arranger and musical director for two Lupone shows on Broadway: \"Matters of the Heart\" (2000) and \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" (1995). Gallagher co-wrote scores for several musicals: He also wrote the title song for the Charles Busch play \"You Should Be So Lucky\". and wrote the music for two musicals for the theatre company TheatreWorks/USA: \"Gold Rush!\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop) and \"A Christmas Carol\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop). He received the MAC Award, Musical Director of the year, in 2004.", "Leslie Kritzer Leslie Kritzer (born May 24, 1977) is a singer and musical theatre actress. Kritzer was born in Manhattan and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Puerto Rican ancestry. Kritzer was raised Catholic. She attended Livingston High School, graduating in 1995. A 1999 graduate of the University of Cincinnati \u2013 College-Conservatory of Music, she has appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and was the character Serena in \"Legally Blonde The Musical\". Off-Broadway she was seen in \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", \"\" and \"Godspell\", and her regional credits include \"Vanities\" (Kathy), \"Babes in Arms\" (Baby Rose), and both \"Grease\" (Rizzo) and \"Funny Girl\" (Fanny) at Paper Mill Playhouse. Kritzer starred in \"Leslie Kritzer is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches,\" a recreation of Patti LuPone's famed nightclub act. The show premiered at Joe's Pub and was conceived and directed by Ben Rimalower. She received a 2006 Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", followed by a 2007 Special Achievement MAC Award for her show \"Leslie Kritzer Is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches\", and a 2007 Clarence Derwent Award for her performance as Serena in \"Legally Blonde\". Kritzer starred in \"A Catered Affair\", portraying Janey Hurley, the character played by Debbie Reynolds in the 1956 feature film of the same name. \" A Catered Affair\" ran on Broadway from March 2008 through July 27, 2008. She starred in the Encores! staged concert presentation of \"On the Town\" in November 2008, as Hildy, the amorous and aggressive taxi driver.", "Robert LuPone Robert LuPone (born July 29, 1946) is an American actor and artistic director. He works on stage, in film, and in television. He is the brother of actress Patti LuPone. LuPone was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Angela Louise (n\u00e9e Patti), a school librarian, and Orlando Joseph LuPone, an educational administrator. He trained as a dancer and is a graduate of Juilliard School, having studied with Antony Tudor, Jose Limon, and Martha Graham. He studied theatre at HB Studio under Uta Hagen. LuPone's Broadway performances include \"A Thousand Clowns\" (2001), \"True West\" (2000), \"A View from the Bridge\" (1997), \"Late Nite Comic\" (1987), \"St. Joan\" (1977), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974). For his performance as Zach in \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. As artistic director of MCC Theater in New York City, he produced \"Frozen\" (2004) and \"Reasons To Be Pretty\" (2008), both of which were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. LuPone's many off-Broadway performances include \"Twelfth Night\" (1980), \"Black Angel\" (1982), and \"Lennon\" (1982). He also has appeared in regional theater. LuPone served as director of the MFA Drama Program at The New School for Drama, New York City, until the spring of 2011. On television, LuPone appeared in five episodes of \"The Sopranos\" as Dr. Bruce Cusamano (1999\u20132007). He appeared on \"\" for two episodes as Nelson Broome (2003\u20132009), and on \"\" for one episode in 2004."], "answer": {"text": "in the TV movie, LBJ: The Early Years (1987).", "answer_start": 739}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has she won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "She has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award:", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is a costar she had?", "answer": {"text": "She reunited with fellow guest star Kellie Martin as her mother", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "In what show was that?", "answer": {"text": "LuPone guest starred on Army Wives", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is a leading role she had?", "answer": {"text": "She played Lady Bird Johnson in the TV movie, LBJ: The Early Years", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#6", "question": "what movie for her was a big success?", "rewrite": "What movie for Patti LuPone was a big success?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Leslie Kritzer Leslie Kritzer (born May 24, 1977) is a singer and musical theatre actress. Kritzer was born in Manhattan and raised in Livingston, New Jersey. Her father is Jewish and her mother is of Puerto Rican ancestry. Kritzer was raised Catholic. She attended Livingston High School, graduating in 1995. A 1999 graduate of the University of Cincinnati \u2013 College-Conservatory of Music, she has appeared on Broadway in \"Hairspray\" and was the character Serena in \"Legally Blonde The Musical\". Off-Broadway she was seen in \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", \"\" and \"Godspell\", and her regional credits include \"Vanities\" (Kathy), \"Babes in Arms\" (Baby Rose), and both \"Grease\" (Rizzo) and \"Funny Girl\" (Fanny) at Paper Mill Playhouse. Kritzer starred in \"Leslie Kritzer is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches,\" a recreation of Patti LuPone's famed nightclub act. The show premiered at Joe's Pub and was conceived and directed by Ben Rimalower. She received a 2006 Drama Desk nomination for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for \"The Great American Trailer Park Musical\", followed by a 2007 Special Achievement MAC Award for her show \"Leslie Kritzer Is Patti LuPone at Les Mouches\", and a 2007 Clarence Derwent Award for her performance as Serena in \"Legally Blonde\". Kritzer starred in \"A Catered Affair\", portraying Janey Hurley, the character played by Debbie Reynolds in the 1956 feature film of the same name. \" A Catered Affair\" ran on Broadway from March 2008 through July 27, 2008. She starred in the Encores! staged concert presentation of \"On the Town\" in November 2008, as Hildy, the amorous and aggressive taxi driver.", "With Patti LuPone, he co-created the concert \"Patti LuPone: Live!\", which ran in Los Angeles in April/May 1993, and played on Broadway as \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" from October to November 1995. He worked as music director on the Sherman Brothers musical \"Busker Alley\" starring Tommy Tune from 1994 to 1995. In 1996, McDaniel became producer and composer on Rosie O'Donnell's talk show, \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\". The series ran until May 22, 2002, garnering McDaniel two Daytime Emmy Awards out of six nominations. On the 1996 television series \"The Nanny\", the talk show was featured in the episode \"The Rosie Show. \" McDaniel appears in scenes of \"The Rosie O'Donnell Show\" used in the episode. McDaniel and the rest of the house band were dubbed \"The McDLT's.\" On March 4, 1999, a revival of Irving Berlin's \"Annie Get Your Gun\" opened at the Marquis Theatre, with McDaniel as vocal arranger and supervising musical director, which ran until September 2001. In 2000, McDaniel received a Board of Directors' Award from the Manhattan Association of Cabarets & Clubs. Subsequent Broadway credits include \"Taboo\" in 2003 and \"Brooklyn\" in 2004. McDaniel later served as musical director for the Frank Wildhorn, Don Black and Ivan Menchell musical adaptation of \"Bonnie & Clyde\", in a Roundabout Theatre Company reading in February 2009. McDaniel collaborated with Tyne Daly for a \"much-raved-about gig at Feinstein's at Loews Regency\" in January 2010; he subsequently worked with Daly and Jerry Mitchell on a workshop of the dance show, \"Queen of the Stardust Ballroom\".", "Dick Gallagher Dick Gallagher (October 16, 1955 \u2013 January 20, 2005) was a pianist and composer, best known on the New York City cabaret scene. Gallagher graduated from the Northwestern University School of Music and received a master's degree from the University of Illinois at Champaign. He played the piano for performers at many New York City venues, such as Carnegie Hall, Town Hall, the Oak Room at the Algonquin, Rainbow & Stars, and the Carlyle. He was the musical arranger for many performers, including Liza Minnelli and Karen Akers. For many years he was the arranger, accompanist and conductor for Patti LuPone, and with writer-director Scott Wittman created several shows for LuPone. He was the arranger and musical director for two Lupone shows on Broadway: \"Matters of the Heart\" (2000) and \"Patti LuPone on Broadway\" (1995). Gallagher co-wrote scores for several musicals: He also wrote the title song for the Charles Busch play \"You Should Be So Lucky\". and wrote the music for two musicals for the theatre company TheatreWorks/USA: \"Gold Rush!\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop) and \"A Christmas Carol\" (with David Armstrong and Mark Waldrop). He received the MAC Award, Musical Director of the year, in 2004.", "Price made his directorial debut with the Off-Broadway revival of \"The Education of H*Y*M*A*N K*A*P*L*A*N\" in 1989 for the American Jewish Theater, followed by \"The Rothschilds\" and \"Juno\", both of which received Outer Critics Circle nominations for Best Revival. He has directed numerous musical productions, both concert and non-concert, with the New York Philharmonic, which include Stephen Sondheim's \"\" with Patti LuPone and George Hearn in 2000, for which he won an Emmy Award, Leonard Bernstein's \"Candide\" (2004), with Kristin Chenoweth, Sir Thomas Allen, and Patti LuPone, \"Passion\" with Patti LuPone and Audra McDonald, for which he also won an Emmy Award, and \"Camelot\" with Gabriel Byrne, Marin Mazzie, Christopher Lloyd, and Nathan Gunn, among other productions. In March 2010, he conceived and directed \"Sondheim! The Birthday Concert\" at the New York Philharmonic, celebrating the composer-lyricist's 80th Birthday. The PBS television broadcast was nominated for several Emmy Awards, and Price won for \"Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Special.\" In April 2011 he directed an acclaimed concert production of Sondheim's \"Company\" with Neil Patrick Harris, Stephen Colbert, Martha Plimpton, Christina Hendricks, and Patti LuPone, backed by the New York Philharmonic. In 2013, he again directed \"Sweeney Todd\" at the New York Philharmonic, this time starring Emma Thompson and Bryn Terfel. The PBS telecast for \"Live from Lincoln Center\" won the Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Variety, Music, Or Comedy Special.\" He has directed numerous productions at the Chicago Ravinia Festival, including \"Sweeney Todd\", \"Gypsy\", \"Sunday in the Park With George\",", "Robert LuPone Robert LuPone (born July 29, 1946) is an American actor and artistic director. He works on stage, in film, and in television. He is the brother of actress Patti LuPone. LuPone was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Angela Louise (n\u00e9e Patti), a school librarian, and Orlando Joseph LuPone, an educational administrator. He trained as a dancer and is a graduate of Juilliard School, having studied with Antony Tudor, Jose Limon, and Martha Graham. He studied theatre at HB Studio under Uta Hagen. LuPone's Broadway performances include \"A Thousand Clowns\" (2001), \"True West\" (2000), \"A View from the Bridge\" (1997), \"Late Nite Comic\" (1987), \"St. Joan\" (1977), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974). For his performance as Zach in \"A Chorus Line\" (1976), he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical. As artistic director of MCC Theater in New York City, he produced \"Frozen\" (2004) and \"Reasons To Be Pretty\" (2008), both of which were nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. LuPone's many off-Broadway performances include \"Twelfth Night\" (1980), \"Black Angel\" (1982), and \"Lennon\" (1982). He also has appeared in regional theater. LuPone served as director of the MFA Drama Program at The New School for Drama, New York City, until the spring of 2011. On television, LuPone appeared in five episodes of \"The Sopranos\" as Dr. Bruce Cusamano (1999\u20132007). He appeared on \"\" for two episodes as Nelson Broome (2003\u20132009), and on \"\" for one episode in 2004."], "answer": {"text": "the critically acclaimed State and Main,", "answer_start": 353}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has she won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "She has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award:", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is a costar she had?", "answer": {"text": "She reunited with fellow guest star Kellie Martin as her mother", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "In what show was that?", "answer": {"text": "LuPone guest starred on Army Wives", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is a leading role she had?", "answer": {"text": "She played Lady Bird Johnson in the TV movie, LBJ: The Early Years", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what movie or tv role?", "answer": {"text": "in the TV movie, LBJ: The Early Years (1987).", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a22e5d9e44d241979156a8c2a1f36dbf_1_q#7", "question": "what year was that?", "rewrite": "What year was State and Main released?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chicana/o-Latina/o Law Review The Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review (CLLR; formerly Chicano Law Review and Chicano-Latino Law Review) is a student-edited and produced law journal at the University of California, Los Angeles School of Law. The Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review is a student-run law journal which was established by the UCLA law school in 1972. At that time it was the first and only law journal in the United States to focus primarily on how law and policy affect the Chicana/o and Latina/o community within the country. Since then it has provided an essential forum for the discussion of central issues that Latinos in America face. This was a groundbreaking creation because popular law reviews at the time tended to overlook this vibrant and thriving community. Today, the Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review has a strong reputation for publishing reputable scholarly work on an array of topics, such as affirmative action and education, Spanish and Mexican land grants, environmental justice, language rights, and immigration reform. It has been cited as a persuasive authority in courtrooms across the country.<ref name=\"Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review\"></ref > From the beginning of its publication, the most pervasive issue addressed in the Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review is the issue of immigration. Within this topic there have been numerous articles addressing immigration reform laws, immigration restrictions, the process of immigrating to the United States, and the troubles immigrants face once arriving in the United States. Throughout the nearly 40 years of the journal\u2019s publication, the subject of immigration has come up repeatedly. Schooling is also a common topic of import in multiple articles throughout the CLLR\u2019s publication.", "At noon, the corps placed the division on a two-hour alert to initiate the attack. When ordered, the division crossed its assigned line of departure (LD) at 2:34 p.m. when lead elements of 1-1 Cavalry crossed the border berm. In spite of limited visibility caused by an intense sand and dust storm, 1st AD moved rapidly northward in a narrow front in a compressed \"division wedge\" formation. 3rd Armored Division accompanied the division on its eastern flank as the main effort of the corps' deep envelopment of Iraqi defenses west of the Wadi Al Batin. 1st Brigade (TF 1-7 Infantry, TF 4-7 Infantry, TF 4-66 Armor, 26th Support Battalion and 2-41 Field Artillery) the division advance guard, followed 10 km behind the 1-1 Cav screen. 2nd Brigade (TF 6-6 Infantry, TF 1-35 Armor, TF 2-70 Armor TF 4-70 Armor, 47th Support Battalion and 2-1 Field Artillery) followed on the left (west) of sector and 3rd Brigade (TF 7-6 Infantry, TF 1-37 Armor, TF 3-35 Armor, 125th Support Battalion and 3-1 Field Artillery) followed on the right (east) as Maj. Gen. Ronald Griffith, division commander, centered the Force Artillery behind the 1st Brigade and between the wing brigades. The division's support elements (including 123rd Support Battalion), totaling nearly 1000 vehicles, brought up the rear of the division's battle formation. The division moved forward with 2nd Brigade encountering difficult terrain in the west which combined with the poor weather conditions to briefly slow its movement. Foreword of the division, 1-1 Cav reported the division's first battle casualties-three soldiers wounded by fragments from unexploded ordnance.", "she easily overpowers him, but her compassion stays her hand. Row, realizing this, concedes the match. Immediately after this, Lotto runs out to brag to Miss Piri, the NPC storekeep he crushes on. Yureka follows him to fetch him back (Ah-dol and Boromir's match is going on) and inadvertently displays a new power: Yureka pulls Miss Piri free of the strict set of preprogrammed boundaries surrounding her store, that Miss Piri is bound to as an NPC, so that she can watch the tournament. The volume concludes with Boromir and Ah-dol's complete and easy victory over the nameless team, and Miss Piri's thanks for her freedom. All story is still about the All story is still about the tournament. Boromir and Ah-Dol face off against Aradon and Alpha who uses multiple classes to create the \"ninja class.\" All story is still about the tournament. The last battle of the Double Trouble Tournament, Yureka and Lotto against Aradon and Alpha begin. While Lotto and Aradon are in the middle of their fight, a mysterious demon appears\u2014Cube. Cube explains that the demon army will be coming to Normal City to take over their land and that they can try to get to Demon Island, however they will be waiting for them. Various characters begin preparing for the match-off with the demons. The people who will actually be going to Demon's Island turn out to be Yureka, Lotto, Boromir, Ah-Dol, Aradon, an anti-priest named Il-Barn, Capri, Basara, and a player who happens to know where the entrance to Demon's Island (that Basara found) is.", "In the last quarter of the 19th century, Krio planters on the island had shifted from palm oil trading to cocoa cultivation. Their dependence on migrant labour and increasing competition with Europeans resulted in an economic crisis in the first years of the twentieth century. Planters detained labour but failed to pay their contracts, resulting in a situation of \"de facto\" slavery. Liberia prohibited labor traders from contracting with their citizens. During the Nigerian civil war in the 20th century, relief agencies used the island as a base for flights into Biafra. Given the numerous ethnic groups and peoples who operated on Bioko, a creole language developed, known as Pichi. It is based on English grammar, from the period when the British operated bases for their forces. It also incorporates West African languages from Nigeria and Liberia, as well as the Krio language that had developed in Sierra Leone. Workers came from all these areas in the 19th through much of the 20th century. Spanish has been an official language since 1844 when Spain took control of the island. It is still the language of education and administration, related to the more than 100 years as a Spanish colony. 67.6% of Equatoguineans can speak Spanish, especially those living in the capital, Malabo, on Bioko. Malabo is the capital city of Equatorial Guinea. The island is mostly covered by tropical rainforest. Located on Punta Europa, west of Malabo, the Alba Gas Plant processes natural gas delivered from offshore production wells. The plant is operated by Marathon Oil Company through its subsidiary, Marathon Equatorial Guinea Production Limited (MEGPL). The plant produces natural gas liquids (NGL) including propane, butane, and condensate products. The majority of the residue gas from the Alba plant is delivered to a natural gas liquefaction plant operated by EG LNG.", "While Goliad received the gas from Pembina, the separated liquids were returned to the producers. At about the same time, Dome developed a solution gas gathering business based on oilfields around Steelman, Saskatchewan. And in Alberta, plants like the one at Whitecourt began processing liquids-rich gas in 1961. Amoco began planning this gas plant in 1957, as local gas discoveries made it clear a major new plant was necessary. When it went into production, West Whitecourt quickly began to boast the biggest volumes of condensate production in Canada: . And from there, volumes went up. Since that time, bigger plants have made the records of 1962 seem small. However, this plant was nonetheless an industry pioneer. Separated from a gas stream, NGLs are an undifferentiated batch of light hydrocarbons \u2014 ethane, propane, butane and condensate. To separate them into more valuable individual products requires fractionation facilities. Fractionation towers separate a stream of mixed NGL feedstock into specification-grade ethane, propane, butane and condensate products. Distillation is the process used to fractionate NGLs. The different components in a liquids mix evaporate at different temperatures. Thus, when heat is applied to a stream of product entering a fractionation tower, lighter components vapourize and move to the top of the tower; heavier components drop to the bottom. The amount of heat applied to the brew depends on which component is being separated out for sale to the customer. The lighter product coming off the top of the tower as a vapour \u2014 called the overhead product \u2014 is then cooled so it will condense back into a liquid. To achieve full separation, a stream of product is processed through a series of towers. \""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What film has Patti LuPone been in?", "answer": {"text": "Among LuPone's film credits are Fighting Back, Witness, Just Looking, The Victim, Summer of Sam, Driving Miss Daisy,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has she won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "She has twice been nominated for an Emmy Award:", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is a costar she had?", "answer": {"text": "She reunited with fellow guest star Kellie Martin as her mother", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "In what show was that?", "answer": {"text": "LuPone guest starred on Army Wives", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is a leading role she had?", "answer": {"text": "She played Lady Bird Johnson in the TV movie, LBJ: The Early Years", "answer_start": 710, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what movie or tv role?", "answer": {"text": "in the TV movie, LBJ: The Early Years (1987).", "answer_start": 739, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what movie for her was a big success?", "answer": {"text": "the critically acclaimed State and Main,", "answer_start": 353, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1a207f3a2e648579ef56e74dbf1253f_0_q#0", "question": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "rewrite": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["CEvin Key cEvin Key ( born Kevin William Crompton, February 13, 1961) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, producer, and composer. He is best known as a member of the industrial music group Skinny Puppy, which he co-founded in 1982 with singer Nivek Ogre. Initially a side project while he was with the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy quickly became his primary musical outlet following a record deal with Nettwerk Records in 1984. When Skinny Puppy disbanded in 1995 following the death of keyboardist Dwayne Goettel, Key's main project became the electronic noise group Download, whose first album, \"Furnace\", was released that same year. His first solo album, \"Music For Cats\", was released in 1998 on Subconscious Communications, an independent record label he took over following Goettel's death. He reunited with Ogre in 2000 for a one-off performance as Skinny Puppy at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden. The pair officially reformed Skinny Puppy in 2003 and released \"The Greater Wrong of the Right\" a year later. They have since released the albums \"Mythmaker\", \"HanDover\", and \"Weapon\". In addition to his work with Skinny Puppy and Download, Key has had several side projects, most notably The Tear Garden, a project started in 1985 with Legendary Pink Dots singer Edward Ka-Spel. His other projects include platEAU, Doubting Thomas, Cyberaktif, and Hilt. Key was raised in Vancouver in what he considered a dysfunctional family. Due to an alcohol problem their father developed following his service in World War II, he and his siblings, an older brother and younger sister, had to learn to fend for themselves at a young age.", "Track 10 \"Track 10\", originally titled \"Left Handshake\", is a song by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy created for its 1992 album \"Last Rights\". The track was meant to close \"Last Rights\", but it was ultimately cut due to threatened legal action from the owner of a sample that appears in the song. \"Track 10\" did not see individual release until August 20, 2000, when it was sold at Skinny Puppy's in Germany. Skinny Puppy's seventh album, \"Last Rights\", was originally going to end with the song \"Left Handshake\", which prominently featured a number of samples of Timothy Leary's voice from his 1967 release \" Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out\". Because so many clips of Leary speaking were employed in the song, Skinny Puppy sought him out to ask for permission to use the sound bites. Leary agreed, and so the song was completed. \"Left Handshake\" saw release on various bootlegs, but was first officially distributed on some European pressings of the 1996 compilation \"\". It was released as a single on August 20, 2000 as \"Track 10\"; the disc was limited to just 1,000 copies, 600 of which were sold at Skinny Puppy's reunion performance at Doomsday Festival in Dresden, Germany. The cover art of \"Track 10\" is based on John Rheaume's frontispiece for the tenth issue of \"Hellraiser\". The disc was issued in a cardboard sleeve with no catalog number, credits, or mention of the band's name. All credits adapted from \"Last Rights\"' liner notes. Skinny Puppy Additional personnel", "Skinny Puppy discography The Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy has released twelve studio albums and two extended plays along with a number of live albums, compilations, and singles. The group formed in 1982 and released its debut EP, \"Back & Forth\", in 1984. Later that year, Skinny Puppy was picked up by Nettwerk and released another EP, \"Remission\", in December 1984. The band's first studio album, 1985's \"Bites\", was its last with the original lineup of vocalist Nivek Ogre and producer / multi-instrumentalist cEvin Key; Dwayne Goettel joined in 1986, and the band released its next two albums, \"\" and \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\", in 1986 and 1987 respectively. \"VIVIsectVI\" (1988), Skinny Puppy's fourth album, was one of the band's most well-received efforts, placing on \"Melody Maker's\" best of 1988 list and garnering several retrospective accolades. Bradley Torreano of AllMusic hailed the album as a masterpiece, and Jim Harper of the same publication saw \"VIVIsectVI\" as the beginning of electro-industrial music. \"Rabies\" followed \"VIVIsectVI\" in 1989 and marked the band experimenting with industrial metal thanks to the influence of Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen. Key and Goettel expressed dissatisfaction with the album, and Skinny Puppy quickly returned to the studio for its sixth album, 1990's \"Too Dark Park\". \"Too Dark Park\" was another critical highlight of the band's career, and Key described it as a return to form for Skinny Puppy. In 1992, with the band on the brink of dissolution due to Ogre's worsening drug addiction, \"Last Rights\" was released and saw the band pushing further into extreme noise territory.", "VIVIsectVI  VIVIsectVI (pronounced \"vivisect six\") is the fourth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on September 12, 1988 through Nettwerk. Despite tackling controversial topics like animal rights, chemical warfare, and environmental waste, \"VIVIsectVI\" was well-received. It spawned two singles, \"Censor\", which was released on the album as \"Dogshit\", and \"Testure\", which was Skinny Puppy's only song to chart on \"Billboard's\" Dance Club Songs. \" VIVIsectVI\" was followed by a theatrically involved tour with Nine Inch Nails as the opening act. The album saw a refinement of Skinny Puppy's characteristically harsh, mechanical, and sample-heavy sound, with several critics labeling it as the band's best effort. Since its release, \"VIVIsectVI\" has garnered critical acclaim and recognition as a landmark release in industrial and electronic music. After Skinny Puppy's first two releases on a label, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), the band began to hone its messages and focus on social wrongs. 1986's \"\" saw Dwayne Goettel's introduction into the group and marked a shift in Skinny Puppy's sound from dark synth-pop to a more elaborate form of abrasive industrial music. This evolution was furthered on 1987's \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\" when Skinny Puppy started to experiment with ambience and atmosphere. Dave Ogilvie, who had produced some of the group's previous albums, joined as a full-time member, and work on \"VIVIsectVI \" began at Mushroom Studios, Vancouver in mid-1988.", "Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style, Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres in which they may be seen to have spawned \"a litter of like-minded bands\". Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time on their 1988 North American tour. Trent Reznor also acknowledged that Skinny Puppy's \"Dig It\" inspired the very first Nine Inch Nails track written, \"Down in It\". Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene. Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard. Other artists that have been impacted by Skinny Puppy's music include Marilyn Manson, Chester Bennington, 3Teeth, Foals vocalist Yannis Philippakis, Al Jourgensen, X Marks the Pedwalk, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Orgy, Filter, Front Line Assembly, Orphx, Crystal Castles, and Mayhem vocalist Attila Csihar. The band inspired a tribute album, Hymns of the Worlock: A Tribute to Skinny Puppy published by Cleopatra Records, which features groups such as Crocodile Shop and The Electric Hellfire Club. Skinny Puppy's remix album Remix Dystemper, published by Nettwerk Productions, includes contributions from a wide array of musicians such as electronic music DJ Josh Wink, Guru, KMFDM, Deftones, and former Nine Inch Nails drummer Chris Vrenna."], "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres", "answer_start": 255}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c1a207f3a2e648579ef56e74dbf1253f_0_q#1", "question": "what else is skinny puppy known for?", "rewrite": "Besides being known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, what is Skinny Puppy known for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Electro-industrial  Electro-industrial is a music genre that emerged from industrial music in the mid-1980s. While EBM (electronic body music) has a minimal structure and clean production, electro-industrial tends to have a grittier, complex and layered sound. The style was pioneered by Skinny Puppy, Front Line Assembly, and other groups, either from Europe, North America and Australia. In the early 1990s, the style spawned the \"dark electro\" genre, and in the mid-/late-1990s, the \"aggrotech\" offshoot. The fan base for the style is linked to the rivethead subculture. After the EBM movement faded in the early 1990s, electro-industrial increasingly attained popularity in the international club scene. In contrast to the straight EBM style, electro-industrial groups use harsher beats and raspy, distorted, or digitized vocals. In contrast to industrial rock, electro-industrial groups mostly avoided guitars, other than Skinny Puppy, who used E-Guitar Elements since the mid 80s in songs like \"Testure\" or \"Dig It\". Electro-industrial was anticipated by 1980s groups such as SPK, Die Form, Borghesia, Klinik, Skinny Puppy, and Front Line Assembly. Prominent electro-industrial groups of the 1990s include Mentallo and the Fixer, Yeht Mae, Velvet Acid Christ, and Pulse Legion (U.S.); Numb and Decoded Feedback (Canada); X Marks the Pedwalk, Plastic Noise Experience, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Forma Tadre, KMFDM, and Putrefy Factor 7 (Germany); Le\u00e6ther Strip from Denmark; and early Hocico, Cenobita and Amduscia from Mexico.", "Both \"Remission\" and Skinny Puppy's follow-up album \"Bites\" were created before Dwayne Goettel joined in 1986 and helped crystallize the band's hard, percussion-driven industrial sound. As such, \"Remission\" features more synthpop and electro elements than Skinny Puppy would come to be known for. It is the first known commercial release to use a TR-909 drum machine. In 2013, Skinny Puppy's 12th album (4th since being reunited without the presence of Goettel), \"Weapon\", was released as a sort of spiritual successor to both \"Remission\" and \"Bites\". Apart from containing a re-recorded version of \"Solvent\" from \"Remission\", \"Weapon\" was deliberately created with antiquated instruments to achieve their early 80s electronic sound. Contemporary reception of \"Remission\" was mostly positive. The AllMusic review wrote that the EP \"remains the Puppy's finest hour. The breadth of vision and amazing instrumental prowess of vocalist Nivek Ogre and sound-designer cEvin Key will likely never be transcended.\" Retrospectively, \"Remission\" gained more praise, being cited as an important influence to many bands. In an article about Skinny Puppy's broad influence, Alec Chillingworth of \"Metal Hammer\" wrote, \" Al Jourgensen\u2019s Ministry was laughable in \u201984, whereas Puppy gave us \"Remission\": an EP bursting with potential, exuding a dance-ready racket heavier than anything their contemporaries offered.\" \"Fact\" placed \"Remission\" at number 19 on their list of 20 best industrial and EBM albums of all time, calling it \"excellent electro-pop\". All credits adapted from \"Remission\" liner notes. Skinny Puppy Additional personnel", "Skinny Puppy discography The Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy has released twelve studio albums and two extended plays along with a number of live albums, compilations, and singles. The group formed in 1982 and released its debut EP, \"Back & Forth\", in 1984. Later that year, Skinny Puppy was picked up by Nettwerk and released another EP, \"Remission\", in December 1984. The band's first studio album, 1985's \"Bites\", was its last with the original lineup of vocalist Nivek Ogre and producer / multi-instrumentalist cEvin Key; Dwayne Goettel joined in 1986, and the band released its next two albums, \"\" and \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\", in 1986 and 1987 respectively. \"VIVIsectVI\" (1988), Skinny Puppy's fourth album, was one of the band's most well-received efforts, placing on \"Melody Maker's\" best of 1988 list and garnering several retrospective accolades. Bradley Torreano of AllMusic hailed the album as a masterpiece, and Jim Harper of the same publication saw \"VIVIsectVI\" as the beginning of electro-industrial music. \"Rabies\" followed \"VIVIsectVI\" in 1989 and marked the band experimenting with industrial metal thanks to the influence of Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen. Key and Goettel expressed dissatisfaction with the album, and Skinny Puppy quickly returned to the studio for its sixth album, 1990's \"Too Dark Park\". \"Too Dark Park\" was another critical highlight of the band's career, and Key described it as a return to form for Skinny Puppy. In 1992, with the band on the brink of dissolution due to Ogre's worsening drug addiction, \"Last Rights\" was released and saw the band pushing further into extreme noise territory.", "Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style, Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres in which they may be seen to have spawned \"a litter of like-minded bands\". Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time on their 1988 North American tour. Trent Reznor also acknowledged that Skinny Puppy's \"Dig It\" inspired the very first Nine Inch Nails track written, \"Down in It\". Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene. Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard. Other artists that have been impacted by Skinny Puppy's music include Marilyn Manson, Chester Bennington, 3Teeth, Foals vocalist Yannis Philippakis, Al Jourgensen, X Marks the Pedwalk, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Orgy, Filter, Front Line Assembly, Orphx, Crystal Castles, and Mayhem vocalist Attila Csihar. The band inspired a tribute album, Hymns of the Worlock: A Tribute to Skinny Puppy published by Cleopatra Records, which features groups such as Crocodile Shop and The Electric Hellfire Club. Skinny Puppy's remix album Remix Dystemper, published by Nettwerk Productions, includes contributions from a wide array of musicians such as electronic music DJ Josh Wink, Guru, KMFDM, Deftones, and former Nine Inch Nails drummer Chris Vrenna.", "VIVIsectVI  VIVIsectVI (pronounced \"vivisect six\") is the fourth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on September 12, 1988 through Nettwerk. Despite tackling controversial topics like animal rights, chemical warfare, and environmental waste, \"VIVIsectVI\" was well-received. It spawned two singles, \"Censor\", which was released on the album as \"Dogshit\", and \"Testure\", which was Skinny Puppy's only song to chart on \"Billboard's\" Dance Club Songs. \" VIVIsectVI\" was followed by a theatrically involved tour with Nine Inch Nails as the opening act. The album saw a refinement of Skinny Puppy's characteristically harsh, mechanical, and sample-heavy sound, with several critics labeling it as the band's best effort. Since its release, \"VIVIsectVI\" has garnered critical acclaim and recognition as a landmark release in industrial and electronic music. After Skinny Puppy's first two releases on a label, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), the band began to hone its messages and focus on social wrongs. 1986's \"\" saw Dwayne Goettel's introduction into the group and marked a shift in Skinny Puppy's sound from dark synth-pop to a more elaborate form of abrasive industrial music. This evolution was furthered on 1987's \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\" when Skinny Puppy started to experiment with ambience and atmosphere. Dave Ogilvie, who had produced some of the group's previous albums, joined as a full-time member, and work on \"VIVIsectVI \" began at Mushroom Studios, Vancouver in mid-1988."], "answer": {"text": "Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails,", "answer_start": 420}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres", "answer_start": 255, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1a207f3a2e648579ef56e74dbf1253f_0_q#2", "question": "who did they work with?", "rewrite": "Who did Skinny Puppy work for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["CEvin Key cEvin Key ( born Kevin William Crompton, February 13, 1961) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, producer, and composer. He is best known as a member of the industrial music group Skinny Puppy, which he co-founded in 1982 with singer Nivek Ogre. Initially a side project while he was with the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy quickly became his primary musical outlet following a record deal with Nettwerk Records in 1984. When Skinny Puppy disbanded in 1995 following the death of keyboardist Dwayne Goettel, Key's main project became the electronic noise group Download, whose first album, \"Furnace\", was released that same year. His first solo album, \"Music For Cats\", was released in 1998 on Subconscious Communications, an independent record label he took over following Goettel's death. He reunited with Ogre in 2000 for a one-off performance as Skinny Puppy at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden. The pair officially reformed Skinny Puppy in 2003 and released \"The Greater Wrong of the Right\" a year later. They have since released the albums \"Mythmaker\", \"HanDover\", and \"Weapon\". In addition to his work with Skinny Puppy and Download, Key has had several side projects, most notably The Tear Garden, a project started in 1985 with Legendary Pink Dots singer Edward Ka-Spel. His other projects include platEAU, Doubting Thomas, Cyberaktif, and Hilt. Key was raised in Vancouver in what he considered a dysfunctional family. Due to an alcohol problem their father developed following his service in World War II, he and his siblings, an older brother and younger sister, had to learn to fend for themselves at a young age.", "Skinny Puppy discography The Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy has released twelve studio albums and two extended plays along with a number of live albums, compilations, and singles. The group formed in 1982 and released its debut EP, \"Back & Forth\", in 1984. Later that year, Skinny Puppy was picked up by Nettwerk and released another EP, \"Remission\", in December 1984. The band's first studio album, 1985's \"Bites\", was its last with the original lineup of vocalist Nivek Ogre and producer / multi-instrumentalist cEvin Key; Dwayne Goettel joined in 1986, and the band released its next two albums, \"\" and \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\", in 1986 and 1987 respectively. \"VIVIsectVI\" (1988), Skinny Puppy's fourth album, was one of the band's most well-received efforts, placing on \"Melody Maker's\" best of 1988 list and garnering several retrospective accolades. Bradley Torreano of AllMusic hailed the album as a masterpiece, and Jim Harper of the same publication saw \"VIVIsectVI\" as the beginning of electro-industrial music. \"Rabies\" followed \"VIVIsectVI\" in 1989 and marked the band experimenting with industrial metal thanks to the influence of Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen. Key and Goettel expressed dissatisfaction with the album, and Skinny Puppy quickly returned to the studio for its sixth album, 1990's \"Too Dark Park\". \"Too Dark Park\" was another critical highlight of the band's career, and Key described it as a return to form for Skinny Puppy. In 1992, with the band on the brink of dissolution due to Ogre's worsening drug addiction, \"Last Rights\" was released and saw the band pushing further into extreme noise territory.", "Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style, Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres in which they may be seen to have spawned \"a litter of like-minded bands\". Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time on their 1988 North American tour. Trent Reznor also acknowledged that Skinny Puppy's \"Dig It\" inspired the very first Nine Inch Nails track written, \"Down in It\". Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene. Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard. Other artists that have been impacted by Skinny Puppy's music include Marilyn Manson, Chester Bennington, 3Teeth, Foals vocalist Yannis Philippakis, Al Jourgensen, X Marks the Pedwalk, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Orgy, Filter, Front Line Assembly, Orphx, Crystal Castles, and Mayhem vocalist Attila Csihar. The band inspired a tribute album, Hymns of the Worlock: A Tribute to Skinny Puppy published by Cleopatra Records, which features groups such as Crocodile Shop and The Electric Hellfire Club. Skinny Puppy's remix album Remix Dystemper, published by Nettwerk Productions, includes contributions from a wide array of musicians such as electronic music DJ Josh Wink, Guru, KMFDM, Deftones, and former Nine Inch Nails drummer Chris Vrenna.", "Track 10 \"Track 10\", originally titled \"Left Handshake\", is a song by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy created for its 1992 album \"Last Rights\". The track was meant to close \"Last Rights\", but it was ultimately cut due to threatened legal action from the owner of a sample that appears in the song. \"Track 10\" did not see individual release until August 20, 2000, when it was sold at Skinny Puppy's in Germany. Skinny Puppy's seventh album, \"Last Rights\", was originally going to end with the song \"Left Handshake\", which prominently featured a number of samples of Timothy Leary's voice from his 1967 release \" Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out\". Because so many clips of Leary speaking were employed in the song, Skinny Puppy sought him out to ask for permission to use the sound bites. Leary agreed, and so the song was completed. \"Left Handshake\" saw release on various bootlegs, but was first officially distributed on some European pressings of the 1996 compilation \"\". It was released as a single on August 20, 2000 as \"Track 10\"; the disc was limited to just 1,000 copies, 600 of which were sold at Skinny Puppy's reunion performance at Doomsday Festival in Dresden, Germany. The cover art of \"Track 10\" is based on John Rheaume's frontispiece for the tenth issue of \"Hellraiser\". The disc was issued in a cardboard sleeve with no catalog number, credits, or mention of the band's name. All credits adapted from \"Last Rights\"' liner notes. Skinny Puppy Additional personnel", "VIVIsectVI  VIVIsectVI (pronounced \"vivisect six\") is the fourth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on September 12, 1988 through Nettwerk. Despite tackling controversial topics like animal rights, chemical warfare, and environmental waste, \"VIVIsectVI\" was well-received. It spawned two singles, \"Censor\", which was released on the album as \"Dogshit\", and \"Testure\", which was Skinny Puppy's only song to chart on \"Billboard's\" Dance Club Songs. \" VIVIsectVI\" was followed by a theatrically involved tour with Nine Inch Nails as the opening act. The album saw a refinement of Skinny Puppy's characteristically harsh, mechanical, and sample-heavy sound, with several critics labeling it as the band's best effort. Since its release, \"VIVIsectVI\" has garnered critical acclaim and recognition as a landmark release in industrial and electronic music. After Skinny Puppy's first two releases on a label, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), the band began to hone its messages and focus on social wrongs. 1986's \"\" saw Dwayne Goettel's introduction into the group and marked a shift in Skinny Puppy's sound from dark synth-pop to a more elaborate form of abrasive industrial music. This evolution was furthered on 1987's \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\" when Skinny Puppy started to experiment with ambience and atmosphere. Dave Ogilvie, who had produced some of the group's previous albums, joined as a full-time member, and work on \"VIVIsectVI \" began at Mushroom Studios, Vancouver in mid-1988."], "answer": {"text": "Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene.", "answer_start": 732}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres", "answer_start": 255, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else is skinny puppy known for?", "answer": {"text": "Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1a207f3a2e648579ef56e74dbf1253f_0_q#3", "question": "who else did skinny puppy influence?", "rewrite": "Besides Tim Omen, Nine Inch Nails, and Grimes, who did Skinny Puppy influence?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Nine Inch Nails concert tours Nine Inch Nails is an American industrial rock act, founded in 1988 by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio. Since 1988, Nine Inch Nails has performed throughout the world, including tours in North America, South America, Europe, Oceania, and Asia. During its earliest incarnations, Nine Inch Nails as a live band acted as supporting acts on tours for bands and musicians such as Skinny Puppy, The Jesus and Mary Chain, Peter Murphy, and Guns N' Roses. Subsequent tours have featured Nine Inch Nails as the headlining act, with support from bands such as Unkle, Marilyn Manson, Atari Teenage Riot, and A Perfect Circle. Nine Inch Nails' live performances contrast with its in-studio counterpart. Reznor writes and performs nearly all Nine Inch Nails studio material, with occasional instrumental and vocal contributions from others artists. However, Reznor has typically assembled groups of backing musicians to interpret songs for tours and other live performances. The live-band lineup has changed constantly throughout the band's history, with front man Reznor remaining the only constant on vocals and guitar. Notable musicians who have contributed to live performances include Richard Patrick, Chris Vrenna, Jeordie White, Robin Finck, Josh Freese, Alessandro Cortini, Justin Meldal-Johnsen, Ilan Rubin, Mike Garson and Pino Palladino. I The North American and South American legs overlapped in mid-October.", "Vrenna's solo project, Tweaker, opened for Skinny Puppy during their 2004 North American tour. Danny Carey from Tool and Wayne Static of Static-X provided drums and backup vocals, respectively, for the song \"Use Less\" from The Greater Wrong of the Right. Ogre worked with KMFDM on several occasions, touring with them in 1997 and providing vocals on the song \"Torture\" from their album Symbols (the song also features production from Dave Ogilvie) as well as for the songs \"That's All\" and \"Full Worm Garden\" from 1999's Adios. Skinny Puppy also provided a remix for the Motley Crue song \"Hooligan's Holiday\"; Nikki Sixx reported that the band \"just dumped the whole song in the computer and went off\". Skinny Puppy's music has been included in the soundtracks of films such as Bad Influence, An American Werewolf in Paris, The Blair Witch Project, Underworld, and Saw II, among others. The group was given a brief role as the \"gang of goons\" in the 1995 dark comedy film The Doom Generation. The 1996 Video Game Descent II included original music from Ogre and Mark Walk, while the 2014 PlayStation exclusive LittleBigPlanet 3 featured the song \"Rodent\" from the album Rabies. While discussing the possibility of Nine Inch Nails being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Richard Patrick of the band Filter remarked \"what about Skinny Puppy? \", going on to say that while Nine Inch Nails is the more famous of the two, Skinny Puppy were one of the first groups to craft \"scary and mean\" industrial music.", "Other artists of significance to Nine Inch Nails encompass late 70s and 80s acts such as Queen, Devo, Joy Division, Adam Ant, and Soft Cell. Reznor has toured with some of his influences, including a brief tour opening for Skinny Puppy in 1988. In 1995, Nine Inch Nails went on tour with David Bowie, who, along with Pink Floyd, had been a significant influence on \"The Downward Spiral\". Nine Inch Nails has influenced many newer artists, which according to Reznor range from \"generic imitations\" dating from his initial success to younger bands echoing his style in a \"truer, less imitative way\". Following the release of \"The Downward Spiral\", mainstream artists began to take notice of Nine Inch Nails' influence: David Bowie compared Reznor's impact to that of The Velvet Underground. Bob Ezrin, producer for Pink Floyd, Kiss, Alice Cooper, and Peter Gabriel, described Reznor in 2007 as a \"true visionary\" and advised aspiring artists to take note of his no-compromise attitude. Nine Inch Nails has been credited by music journalists for popularizing industrial music, despite ambivalence from Reznor. The act has received four awards from 25 nominations, including two Grammy Awards for the songs \"Wish\" and \"Happiness in Slavery\" in 1993 and 1996 respectively. Nine Inch Nails have received two \"Kerrang!\" Awards; one of them being the \"Kerrang!\" Icon in 2006, honoring the band's overall contributions since 1988 and long-standing influence on rock music. The band has also received nine nominations from the MTV Video Music Awards for several of its videos, including two nominations for the \"Closer\" music video and five nominations for \"The Perfect Drug\" music video, including Video of the Year.", "Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style, Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres in which they may be seen to have spawned \"a litter of like-minded bands\". Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time on their 1988 North American tour. Trent Reznor also acknowledged that Skinny Puppy's \"Dig It\" inspired the very first Nine Inch Nails track written, \"Down in It\". Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene. Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard. Other artists that have been impacted by Skinny Puppy's music include Marilyn Manson, Chester Bennington, 3Teeth, Foals vocalist Yannis Philippakis, Al Jourgensen, X Marks the Pedwalk, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Orgy, Filter, Front Line Assembly, Orphx, Crystal Castles, and Mayhem vocalist Attila Csihar. The band inspired a tribute album, Hymns of the Worlock: A Tribute to Skinny Puppy published by Cleopatra Records, which features groups such as Crocodile Shop and The Electric Hellfire Club. Skinny Puppy's remix album Remix Dystemper, published by Nettwerk Productions, includes contributions from a wide array of musicians such as electronic music DJ Josh Wink, Guru, KMFDM, Deftones, and former Nine Inch Nails drummer Chris Vrenna.", "VIVIsectVI  VIVIsectVI (pronounced \"vivisect six\") is the fourth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on September 12, 1988 through Nettwerk. Despite tackling controversial topics like animal rights, chemical warfare, and environmental waste, \"VIVIsectVI\" was well-received. It spawned two singles, \"Censor\", which was released on the album as \"Dogshit\", and \"Testure\", which was Skinny Puppy's only song to chart on \"Billboard's\" Dance Club Songs. \" VIVIsectVI\" was followed by a theatrically involved tour with Nine Inch Nails as the opening act. The album saw a refinement of Skinny Puppy's characteristically harsh, mechanical, and sample-heavy sound, with several critics labeling it as the band's best effort. Since its release, \"VIVIsectVI\" has garnered critical acclaim and recognition as a landmark release in industrial and electronic music. After Skinny Puppy's first two releases on a label, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), the band began to hone its messages and focus on social wrongs. 1986's \"\" saw Dwayne Goettel's introduction into the group and marked a shift in Skinny Puppy's sound from dark synth-pop to a more elaborate form of abrasive industrial music. This evolution was furthered on 1987's \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\" when Skinny Puppy started to experiment with ambience and atmosphere. Dave Ogilvie, who had produced some of the group's previous albums, joined as a full-time member, and work on \"VIVIsectVI \" began at Mushroom Studios, Vancouver in mid-1988."], "answer": {"text": "Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard.", "answer_start": 871}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres", "answer_start": 255, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else is skinny puppy known for?", "answer": {"text": "Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they work with?", "answer": {"text": "Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene.", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1a207f3a2e648579ef56e74dbf1253f_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides what Skinny Puppy's legacy is and who they influenced, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Weapon (album) Weapon is the twelfth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on May 28, 2013 through Metropolis Records. Skinny Puppy received mainstream media attention when the band billed the U.S. government for using its music as torture in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, which was a primary source of inspiration for the album. Musically, \"Weapon's\" sound is reminiscent of Skinny Puppy's earliest releases, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), due to the employment of old equipment and simplified songwriting. The song \"Salvo\" was released early for streaming on May 14, 2013, a music video for the song \"Illisit\" was directed by Jason Alacrity and released online, and the album was followed by several tours. \"Weapon\" was inspired by the news that Skinny Puppy's music had been used for torture sessions at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In 2011, the band was approached by a Guantanamo prison guard who heard bootlegged Skinny Puppy music being played to prisoners at damaging volumes for six to twelve hours as a punishment. The guard, Terry Holdbrooks, recognized the music as coming from an unofficial 1993 release called \"Heavens Trash\". This revelation prompted the band to develop the concept of \"Weapon\", even going so far as originally planning to include an instructional manual detailing how to use the album to torture people. In early 2014, a few months following the album's release, Skinny Puppy received mainstream media attention after sending an invoice totaling $666,000 to the US Department of Defense for the use of its music during torture sessions. The Department of Defense never responded to the invoice, and governmental officials denied using any music as torture.", "Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style, Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres in which they may be seen to have spawned \"a litter of like-minded bands\". Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time on their 1988 North American tour. Trent Reznor also acknowledged that Skinny Puppy's \"Dig It\" inspired the very first Nine Inch Nails track written, \"Down in It\". Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene. Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard. Other artists that have been impacted by Skinny Puppy's music include Marilyn Manson, Chester Bennington, 3Teeth, Foals vocalist Yannis Philippakis, Al Jourgensen, X Marks the Pedwalk, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Orgy, Filter, Front Line Assembly, Orphx, Crystal Castles, and Mayhem vocalist Attila Csihar. The band inspired a tribute album, Hymns of the Worlock: A Tribute to Skinny Puppy published by Cleopatra Records, which features groups such as Crocodile Shop and The Electric Hellfire Club. Skinny Puppy's remix album Remix Dystemper, published by Nettwerk Productions, includes contributions from a wide array of musicians such as electronic music DJ Josh Wink, Guru, KMFDM, Deftones, and former Nine Inch Nails drummer Chris Vrenna.", "VIVIsectVI  VIVIsectVI (pronounced \"vivisect six\") is the fourth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on September 12, 1988 through Nettwerk. Despite tackling controversial topics like animal rights, chemical warfare, and environmental waste, \"VIVIsectVI\" was well-received. It spawned two singles, \"Censor\", which was released on the album as \"Dogshit\", and \"Testure\", which was Skinny Puppy's only song to chart on \"Billboard's\" Dance Club Songs. \" VIVIsectVI\" was followed by a theatrically involved tour with Nine Inch Nails as the opening act. The album saw a refinement of Skinny Puppy's characteristically harsh, mechanical, and sample-heavy sound, with several critics labeling it as the band's best effort. Since its release, \"VIVIsectVI\" has garnered critical acclaim and recognition as a landmark release in industrial and electronic music. After Skinny Puppy's first two releases on a label, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), the band began to hone its messages and focus on social wrongs. 1986's \"\" saw Dwayne Goettel's introduction into the group and marked a shift in Skinny Puppy's sound from dark synth-pop to a more elaborate form of abrasive industrial music. This evolution was furthered on 1987's \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\" when Skinny Puppy started to experiment with ambience and atmosphere. Dave Ogilvie, who had produced some of the group's previous albums, joined as a full-time member, and work on \"VIVIsectVI \" began at Mushroom Studios, Vancouver in mid-1988.", "Skinny Puppy discography The Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy has released twelve studio albums and two extended plays along with a number of live albums, compilations, and singles. The group formed in 1982 and released its debut EP, \"Back & Forth\", in 1984. Later that year, Skinny Puppy was picked up by Nettwerk and released another EP, \"Remission\", in December 1984. The band's first studio album, 1985's \"Bites\", was its last with the original lineup of vocalist Nivek Ogre and producer / multi-instrumentalist cEvin Key; Dwayne Goettel joined in 1986, and the band released its next two albums, \"\" and \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\", in 1986 and 1987 respectively. \"VIVIsectVI\" (1988), Skinny Puppy's fourth album, was one of the band's most well-received efforts, placing on \"Melody Maker's\" best of 1988 list and garnering several retrospective accolades. Bradley Torreano of AllMusic hailed the album as a masterpiece, and Jim Harper of the same publication saw \"VIVIsectVI\" as the beginning of electro-industrial music. \"Rabies\" followed \"VIVIsectVI\" in 1989 and marked the band experimenting with industrial metal thanks to the influence of Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen. Key and Goettel expressed dissatisfaction with the album, and Skinny Puppy quickly returned to the studio for its sixth album, 1990's \"Too Dark Park\". \"Too Dark Park\" was another critical highlight of the band's career, and Key described it as a return to form for Skinny Puppy. In 1992, with the band on the brink of dissolution due to Ogre's worsening drug addiction, \"Last Rights\" was released and saw the band pushing further into extreme noise territory.", "CEvin Key cEvin Key ( born Kevin William Crompton, February 13, 1961) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, producer, and composer. He is best known as a member of the industrial music group Skinny Puppy, which he co-founded in 1982 with singer Nivek Ogre. Initially a side project while he was with the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy quickly became his primary musical outlet following a record deal with Nettwerk Records in 1984. When Skinny Puppy disbanded in 1995 following the death of keyboardist Dwayne Goettel, Key's main project became the electronic noise group Download, whose first album, \"Furnace\", was released that same year. His first solo album, \"Music For Cats\", was released in 1998 on Subconscious Communications, an independent record label he took over following Goettel's death. He reunited with Ogre in 2000 for a one-off performance as Skinny Puppy at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden. The pair officially reformed Skinny Puppy in 2003 and released \"The Greater Wrong of the Right\" a year later. They have since released the albums \"Mythmaker\", \"HanDover\", and \"Weapon\". In addition to his work with Skinny Puppy and Download, Key has had several side projects, most notably The Tear Garden, a project started in 1985 with Legendary Pink Dots singer Edward Ka-Spel. His other projects include platEAU, Doubting Thomas, Cyberaktif, and Hilt. Key was raised in Vancouver in what he considered a dysfunctional family. Due to an alcohol problem their father developed following his service in World War II, he and his siblings, an older brother and younger sister, had to learn to fend for themselves at a young age."], "answer": {"text": "American Werewolf in Paris, The Blair Witch Project, Underworld, and Saw II, among others.", "answer_start": 796}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres", "answer_start": 255, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else is skinny puppy known for?", "answer": {"text": "Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they work with?", "answer": {"text": "Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene.", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did skinny puppy influence?", "answer": {"text": "Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard.", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1a207f3a2e648579ef56e74dbf1253f_0_q#5", "question": "what did these movies have to do with him?", "rewrite": "What did the movies American Werewolf in Paris, The Blair Witch Project, Underworld, and Saw II, among others, have to do with Skinny Puppy?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vrenna's solo project, Tweaker, opened for Skinny Puppy during their 2004 North American tour. Danny Carey from Tool and Wayne Static of Static-X provided drums and backup vocals, respectively, for the song \"Use Less\" from The Greater Wrong of the Right. Ogre worked with KMFDM on several occasions, touring with them in 1997 and providing vocals on the song \"Torture\" from their album Symbols (the song also features production from Dave Ogilvie) as well as for the songs \"That's All\" and \"Full Worm Garden\" from 1999's Adios. Skinny Puppy also provided a remix for the Motley Crue song \"Hooligan's Holiday\"; Nikki Sixx reported that the band \"just dumped the whole song in the computer and went off\". Skinny Puppy's music has been included in the soundtracks of films such as Bad Influence, An American Werewolf in Paris, The Blair Witch Project, Underworld, and Saw II, among others. The group was given a brief role as the \"gang of goons\" in the 1995 dark comedy film The Doom Generation. The 1996 Video Game Descent II included original music from Ogre and Mark Walk, while the 2014 PlayStation exclusive LittleBigPlanet 3 featured the song \"Rodent\" from the album Rabies. While discussing the possibility of Nine Inch Nails being inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Richard Patrick of the band Filter remarked \"what about Skinny Puppy? \", going on to say that while Nine Inch Nails is the more famous of the two, Skinny Puppy were one of the first groups to craft \"scary and mean\" industrial music.", "In 2011, S\u00e1nchez remarked that further development on a sequel depended on getting Lionsgate to approve the idea and for his and Myrick's schedule to match up. The film went into development hell. By January 2015, a third \"Blair Witch\" was still in talks. Sanchez stated that the film was \"inevitable\". In July 2016, it was revealed at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con that the film marketed with the faux-title \"The Woods\", actually turned out to be the sequel \"Blair Witch\". The film was released on September 16, 2016. Four mockumentaries on the \"Blair Witch\" were produced to promote the films. The first being \"Curse of the Blair Witch\" which aired on the Syfy Channel in 1999, prior to the release of \"The Blair Witch Project\", and the second being \"Sticks and Stones: An Exploration of the Blair Witch Legend\" which overlaps quite a bit with \"Curse of the Blair Witch\". The latter two documentaries, \"The Massacre of The Burkittsville 7: The Blair Witch Legacy\" and \"Shadow of the Blair Witch\", both directed by Ben Rock, aired in 2000. Before the release of \"The Blair Witch Project\" in 1999, the Sci-Fi Channel aired a 45-minute mockumentary about the Blair Witch called \"Curse of the Blair Witch\". The program offers firsthand interviews with several fictional colleagues and relatives of Heather Donahue, Josh Leonard and Michael Williams, including their Montgomery College film professor. One of the highlights of the video is the first mention of Elly Kedward, the woman who would go on to become the Blair Witch. \"Curse of the Blair Witch\" was created to give credibility to the idea that the events of \"The Blair Witch Project\" actually occurred, which was how the film was marketed upon its initial release.", "Directed by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo S\u00e1nchez, considered for inclusion in the theatrical release of \"The Blair Witch Project\" and released to VHS as part of a special promotion that ran when \"The Blair Witch Project\" was released on home video, \"Sticks and Stones\" runs 30 minutes and overlaps with the mockumentary \"Curse of the Blair Witch\". The mockumentary primarily consists of alternate cuts of many of the previous films' interviews, but there is some new material to be found, including a brief 1995 conversation with Joshua Leonard's father about his son's disappearance. \"Sticks and Stones\" also includes an extended conversation between Heather Donahue and Michael Williams from a deleted scene, that was cut from the theatrical release of \"The Blair Witch Project\". When \"The Blair Witch Project\" premiered on Showtime, it was accompanied by a new 40-minute Blair Witch mockumentary named \"The Burkittsville 7\", which delved into the murder case of Rustin Parr that was mentioned in \"The Blair Witch Project\". Within the mockumentary it is theorised that Kyle Brody, the lone survivor of the murders, may have himself been involved in the murders. Within the mockumentary, it is mentioned that after Parr was hanged, Brody grew up to become a troubled adult who spent most of the latter part of his life in mental institutions before committing suicide in the year 1971. Directed by Ben Rock, and airing on the Sci-Fi Channel in conjunction with the release of \"Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2\", the mockumentary \"Shadow of the Blair Witch\" takes an objective look at the events of \"Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2\". Running 45 minutes, it examines the troubled life of \"the real Jeff Patterson\" and his obsession with \"The Blair Witch Project\".", "Within the documentary, the events of \"Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2\" are presented as a film adaptation based on the \"Black Hills murders\" that took place shortly after the events of \"The Blair Witch Project\". This documentary presents \"Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2\" as a film within a film. \"Shadow of the Blair Witch\" follows \"the real James Patterson\"'s defense team as the case prepares for trial and as the public reacts to plans to . Protests of the film \"Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2\" are discussed coming from both the families of those involved with the case and from the Wiccan community as a whole. List indicator(s) In September 1999, D.A. Stern compiled \"The Blair Witch Project: A Dossier\". Perpetuating the film's \"true story\" angle, the dossier consisted of fabricated police reports, pictures, interviews, and newspaper articles presenting the movie's premise as fact, as well as further elaboration on the Elly Kedward and Rustin Parr legends. In 2000 D.A. Stern compiled another dossier in the same fashion called \"Blair Witch: Book of Shadows\" (released in November, 2000) regarding the events of the second movie. Stern wrote the 2000 novel \"Blair Witch: The Secret Confessions of Rustin Parr\" and in 2004, revisited the franchise with the novel \"Blair Witch: Graveyard Shift\", featuring all original characters and plot. In May 1999, a Photonovel adaptation of \"The Blair Witch Project\" was written by Claire Forbes and was released by Fotonovel Publications. A series of eight young adult books entitled \"The Blair Witch Files\" were released by Random subsidiary Bantam from 2000 to 2001.", "The Blair Witch Project The Blair Witch Project is a 1999 American supernatural horror film written, directed and edited by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo S\u00e1nchez. It tells the fictional story of three student filmmakers\u2014Heather Donahue, Michael C. Williams, and Joshua Leonard\u2014who hike in the Black Hills near Burkittsville, Maryland in 1994 to film a documentary about a local legend known as the Blair Witch. The three disappeared, but their equipment and footage is discovered a year later. The purportedly \"recovered footage\" is the film the viewer sees. Myrick and S\u00e1nchez conceived of a fictional legend of the Blair Witch in 1993. They developed a 35-page screenplay with the dialogue to be improvised. A casting call advertisement in \"Backstage\" magazine was prepared by the directors; Donahue, Williams and Leonard were cast. The film entered production in October 1997, with the principal photography taking place in Maryland for eight days. About 20 hours of footage was shot, which was edited down to 82 minutes. When \"The Blair Witch Project\" premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 1999, its promotional marketing campaign listed the actors as either \"missing\" or \"deceased\". Owing to its successful run at Sundance, Artisan Entertainment bought the film's distribution rights for $1.1 million. The film had a limited release on July 14, 1999, before expanding to a wider release starting July 30. While critical reception was mostly positive, audience reception was split. The film is heavily credited with reviving the found-footage technique which was later used by similarly successful horror films such as \"Paranormal Activity\" and \"Cloverfield\". A sleeper hit, \"The Blair Witch Project\" grossed nearly $250 million worldwide on a modest budget of $60,000, making it one of the most successful independent films of all time."], "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy's music has been included in the soundtracks of films", "answer_start": 703}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres", "answer_start": 255, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else is skinny puppy known for?", "answer": {"text": "Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they work with?", "answer": {"text": "Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene.", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did skinny puppy influence?", "answer": {"text": "Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard.", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "American Werewolf in Paris, The Blair Witch Project, Underworld, and Saw II, among others.", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1a207f3a2e648579ef56e74dbf1253f_0_q#6", "question": "did their music make any top charts?", "rewrite": "Did Skinny Puppy's music make any top charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["VIVIsectVI  VIVIsectVI (pronounced \"vivisect six\") is the fourth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on September 12, 1988 through Nettwerk. Despite tackling controversial topics like animal rights, chemical warfare, and environmental waste, \"VIVIsectVI\" was well-received. It spawned two singles, \"Censor\", which was released on the album as \"Dogshit\", and \"Testure\", which was Skinny Puppy's only song to chart on \"Billboard's\" Dance Club Songs. \" VIVIsectVI\" was followed by a theatrically involved tour with Nine Inch Nails as the opening act. The album saw a refinement of Skinny Puppy's characteristically harsh, mechanical, and sample-heavy sound, with several critics labeling it as the band's best effort. Since its release, \"VIVIsectVI\" has garnered critical acclaim and recognition as a landmark release in industrial and electronic music. After Skinny Puppy's first two releases on a label, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), the band began to hone its messages and focus on social wrongs. 1986's \"\" saw Dwayne Goettel's introduction into the group and marked a shift in Skinny Puppy's sound from dark synth-pop to a more elaborate form of abrasive industrial music. This evolution was furthered on 1987's \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\" when Skinny Puppy started to experiment with ambience and atmosphere. Dave Ogilvie, who had produced some of the group's previous albums, joined as a full-time member, and work on \"VIVIsectVI \" began at Mushroom Studios, Vancouver in mid-1988.", "Weapon (album) Weapon is the twelfth studio album by Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy. It was released on May 28, 2013 through Metropolis Records. Skinny Puppy received mainstream media attention when the band billed the U.S. government for using its music as torture in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, which was a primary source of inspiration for the album. Musically, \"Weapon's\" sound is reminiscent of Skinny Puppy's earliest releases, \"Remission\" (1984) and \"Bites\" (1985), due to the employment of old equipment and simplified songwriting. The song \"Salvo\" was released early for streaming on May 14, 2013, a music video for the song \"Illisit\" was directed by Jason Alacrity and released online, and the album was followed by several tours. \"Weapon\" was inspired by the news that Skinny Puppy's music had been used for torture sessions at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In 2011, the band was approached by a Guantanamo prison guard who heard bootlegged Skinny Puppy music being played to prisoners at damaging volumes for six to twelve hours as a punishment. The guard, Terry Holdbrooks, recognized the music as coming from an unofficial 1993 release called \"Heavens Trash\". This revelation prompted the band to develop the concept of \"Weapon\", even going so far as originally planning to include an instructional manual detailing how to use the album to torture people. In early 2014, a few months following the album's release, Skinny Puppy received mainstream media attention after sending an invoice totaling $666,000 to the US Department of Defense for the use of its music during torture sessions. The Department of Defense never responded to the invoice, and governmental officials denied using any music as torture.", "Skinny Puppy discography The Canadian electro-industrial band Skinny Puppy has released twelve studio albums and two extended plays along with a number of live albums, compilations, and singles. The group formed in 1982 and released its debut EP, \"Back & Forth\", in 1984. Later that year, Skinny Puppy was picked up by Nettwerk and released another EP, \"Remission\", in December 1984. The band's first studio album, 1985's \"Bites\", was its last with the original lineup of vocalist Nivek Ogre and producer / multi-instrumentalist cEvin Key; Dwayne Goettel joined in 1986, and the band released its next two albums, \"\" and \"Cleanse Fold and Manipulate\", in 1986 and 1987 respectively. \"VIVIsectVI\" (1988), Skinny Puppy's fourth album, was one of the band's most well-received efforts, placing on \"Melody Maker's\" best of 1988 list and garnering several retrospective accolades. Bradley Torreano of AllMusic hailed the album as a masterpiece, and Jim Harper of the same publication saw \"VIVIsectVI\" as the beginning of electro-industrial music. \"Rabies\" followed \"VIVIsectVI\" in 1989 and marked the band experimenting with industrial metal thanks to the influence of Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen. Key and Goettel expressed dissatisfaction with the album, and Skinny Puppy quickly returned to the studio for its sixth album, 1990's \"Too Dark Park\". \"Too Dark Park\" was another critical highlight of the band's career, and Key described it as a return to form for Skinny Puppy. In 1992, with the band on the brink of dissolution due to Ogre's worsening drug addiction, \"Last Rights\" was released and saw the band pushing further into extreme noise territory.", "Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style, Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres in which they may be seen to have spawned \"a litter of like-minded bands\". Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time on their 1988 North American tour. Trent Reznor also acknowledged that Skinny Puppy's \"Dig It\" inspired the very first Nine Inch Nails track written, \"Down in It\". Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene. Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard. Other artists that have been impacted by Skinny Puppy's music include Marilyn Manson, Chester Bennington, 3Teeth, Foals vocalist Yannis Philippakis, Al Jourgensen, X Marks the Pedwalk, Wumpscut, Haujobb, Orgy, Filter, Front Line Assembly, Orphx, Crystal Castles, and Mayhem vocalist Attila Csihar. The band inspired a tribute album, Hymns of the Worlock: A Tribute to Skinny Puppy published by Cleopatra Records, which features groups such as Crocodile Shop and The Electric Hellfire Club. Skinny Puppy's remix album Remix Dystemper, published by Nettwerk Productions, includes contributions from a wide array of musicians such as electronic music DJ Josh Wink, Guru, KMFDM, Deftones, and former Nine Inch Nails drummer Chris Vrenna.", "CEvin Key cEvin Key ( born Kevin William Crompton, February 13, 1961) is a Canadian musician, songwriter, producer, and composer. He is best known as a member of the industrial music group Skinny Puppy, which he co-founded in 1982 with singer Nivek Ogre. Initially a side project while he was with the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy quickly became his primary musical outlet following a record deal with Nettwerk Records in 1984. When Skinny Puppy disbanded in 1995 following the death of keyboardist Dwayne Goettel, Key's main project became the electronic noise group Download, whose first album, \"Furnace\", was released that same year. His first solo album, \"Music For Cats\", was released in 1998 on Subconscious Communications, an independent record label he took over following Goettel's death. He reunited with Ogre in 2000 for a one-off performance as Skinny Puppy at the Doomsday Festival in Dresden. The pair officially reformed Skinny Puppy in 2003 and released \"The Greater Wrong of the Right\" a year later. They have since released the albums \"Mythmaker\", \"HanDover\", and \"Weapon\". In addition to his work with Skinny Puppy and Download, Key has had several side projects, most notably The Tear Garden, a project started in 1985 with Legendary Pink Dots singer Edward Ka-Spel. His other projects include platEAU, Doubting Thomas, Cyberaktif, and Hilt. Key was raised in Vancouver in what he considered a dysfunctional family. Due to an alcohol problem their father developed following his service in World War II, he and his siblings, an older brother and younger sister, had to learn to fend for themselves at a young age."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Skinny Puppy legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres", "answer_start": 255, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else is skinny puppy known for?", "answer": {"text": "Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did they work with?", "answer": {"text": "Canadian synthpop artist Grimes includes Skinny Puppy as an influence on her music, having grown up in Vancouver's industrial music scene.", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did skinny puppy influence?", "answer": {"text": "Sara Taylor of the EBM group Youth Code has said that the song \"Worlock\" was \"one of the most influential songs\" she had ever heard.", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "American Werewolf in Paris, The Blair Witch Project, Underworld, and Saw II, among others.", "answer_start": 796, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did these movies have to do with him?", "answer": {"text": "Skinny Puppy's music has been included in the soundtracks of films", "answer_start": 703, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_65217eace8c74d9eb414090fa5b7aedc_0_q#0", "question": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Corinth Corinth (; Modern , \"K\u00f3rinthos\", ; Ancient (Doric) Greek: \u03d8\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \"K\u00f3rinthos\") is an ancient city and former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Corinth, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It is the capital of Corinthia. It was founded as Nea Korinthos or New Corinth (\u039d\u03ad\u03b1 \u039a\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2) in 1858 after an earthquake destroyed the existing settlement of Corinth, which had developed in and around the site of ancient Corinth. Located about west of Athens, Corinth is surrounded by the coastal townlets of (clockwise) Lechaio, Isthmia, Kechries, and the inland townlets of Examilia and the archaeological site and village of ancient Corinth. Natural features around the city include the narrow coastal plain of Vocha, the Corinthian Gulf, the Isthmus of Corinth cut by its canal, the Saronic Gulf, the Oneia Mountains, and the monolithic rock of Acrocorinth, where the medieval acropolis was built. Corinth derives its name from Ancient Corinth, a city-state of antiquity. The site was occupied from before 3000 BC. But historical sources about the city concerns the early 8th century BC, when Corinth began to develop as a commercial center. Between the 8th and 7th centuries, the Bacchiad family ruled Corinth. Cypselus overthrew the Bacchiad family, and between 657 and 550 BC, he and his son Periander ruled Corinth as the Tyrants.", "Corinth, Kentucky  Corinth is a home rule-class city mostly in Grant County with a small portion of land in Scott County in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The population was 232 as of the 2010 census, up from 181 at the 2000 census. The Grant County portion of Corinth is part of the Cincinnati-Middletown, OH\u2013KY\u2013IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, while the Scott County portion is part of the Lexington-Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Corinth community began in the late 1820s with the founding of Corinth Christian Church, but the post office was not established until 1868. The town most likely got its name from the church. In 1871, the church relocated to a new site, and in 1873-74 and new church was built, replacing the log church. Until 1876, much of Corinth was in Owen County. In 1876, it was transferred to Grant County. In 1878, Corinth was incorporated by the Kentucky State Legislature, which, in the same year, chartered the Corinth Academy. In 1890, the first of four fires occurred. The salvage of the train depot and three residences is credited to a passing train's boiler water. The fires of 1904 and 1914 were on a similar scale. The Corinth basketball team won the 1930 state and national championships. In 1933, another fire destroyed much of the central business district, but help from other fire departments contained the fire. Much of the destruction was caused by lack of water. Steps to minimize this were taken in 1986 with the creation of the Corinth Water District. In 1995, the city obtained a grant/loan package to establish a water treatment plant in Corinth. Corinth is located in southern Grant County at (38.496042, -84.562131).", "Corinth, Vermont  Corinth is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,461 at the 2000 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 48.5 square miles (125.7 km), of which 48.5 square miles (125.7 km) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km) (0.04%) is water. The Waits River flows through northeastern Corinth. Tim Burton's film \"Beetlejuice\" (1988) was filmed in East Corinth. East Corinth is one of the most photographed New England foliage scenes. Local services include a general store, movie rental store, post office, doctor's office, library, and ball field. Corinth contains seven villages: East Corinth, West Corinth, South Corinth, Corinth Center, Corinth Corners, Cookville, and Goose Green. It has two zip codes - 05039 (Post Office located in Cookeville) and 05040 (Post Office located in East Corinth). As of the census of 2000, there were 1,461 people, 535 households, and 410 families residing in the town. The population density was 30.1 people per square mile (11.6/km). There were 728 housing units at an average density of 15.0 per square mile (5.8/km). The racial makeup of the town was 98.77% White, 0.21% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.14% from other races, and 0.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.", "Corinth, Maine  Corinth is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,878 at the 2010 census. Colin Palmer was the founder of Corinth. In 1792 he built his home on Lot 10 First Range. Tibbetts enlisted as a private in Captain Reuben Dyers' company at the age of 17 on May 26, 1777, from Gouldsboro, Maine. Tibbetts' grave, with an official grave marker of a Revolutionary War soldier, is found in the East Exeter cemetery. The town was settled in the late 1790s by the extended Daniel Skinner family and originally called \"Ohio\". There is still an \"Ohio Street\" in nearby Bangor, being a portion of the original road or trail connecting that town with what is now Corinth. When the town was incorporated in 1811, it changed its name to Corinth, a reference to the classical Greek city. A number of Penobscot County towns incorporated in the same period such as Etna, Carmel, and Levant (and Troy, in neighboring Waldo County) were given similarly exotic names, referencing the ancient Mediterranean world, probably in order to help attract settlers. Some of these names also have Biblical references. By the mid-19th century the town had three villages: East Corinth, West Corinth, and South Corinth. East Corinth emerged as the largest, and had five shops making carriages and sleighs (a local specialty) by the 1850s. The Skinner Settlement in West Corinth is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This early 19th century village-scape includes a general store, schoolhouse, and Methodist church. The Robeyville Covered Bridge near East Corinth is also listed on the National Register, and is one of very few such bridges to survive in Maine.", "Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites The Siege and Battle of Corinth Sites are a National Historic Landmark District encompassing surviving elements of three significant American Civil War engagements in and near Corinth, Mississippi. Included are landscape and battlefield features of the Siege of Corinth (April 29 to June 10, 1862), the Second Battle of Corinth (October 3-4, 1862), and the lesser Battle of Hatchie's Bridge on October 5, 1862. The district includes features located in both Alcorn County, Mississippi and Hardeman County, Tennessee, with some of the former preserved as part of Shiloh National Military Park. It was designated a landmark in 1991. The city of Corinth grew as a railroad town in the 1850s around the railroad crossing point of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad (opened 1857) and the Mobile and Ohio Railroad (opened 1861). This railroad junction, whose planning began in the mid-1850s, made Corinth a key economic junction point in the southern United States, and made it of critical military importance when the American Civil War broke out. Following the bloody Union victory at Shiloh in early April 1862, Confederate forces withdrew to Corinth, which they heavily fortified with earthworks and other defenses, in order to protect the critical railroad lines. The month-long Siege of Corinth followed, in which Union forces again compelled the Confederates to retreat. Confederate reinforcements from the west made an attempt to recapture Corinth in the Second Battle of Corinth, but were repulsed with significant casualties. During their retreat, the Confederates were attacked in the Battle of Hatchie's Bridge, near Pocahontas, Tennessee, by Union forces headed to support those at Corinth. The landmark district includes a number of discontiguous resources associated with these military movements and actions."], "answer": {"text": "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_65217eace8c74d9eb414090fa5b7aedc_0_q#1", "question": "Where did he have these units?", "rewrite": "Where did Albert Sidney Johnston have military units?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1958, the Austin School Board approved a new high school in East Austin for students graduating from the nearby Allan Junior High School, which desegregated that same year. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959. In 1960, with heightened activity focused on the centennial celebration of the American Civil War (1860-1865), the school was renamed after Albert Sidney Johnston, a Civil War general buried at the Texas State Cemetery, 3.5 miles west of the school. Albert Sidney Johnston High School opened in 1960 under the leadership of Austin Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Irby B. Carruth and Johnston High School Principal Gordon A. Bailey, who led the school for 12 years. The school's 1985 Jubilee program notes that Johnston High School was opened in February 1960 with a single administrator, Mr. Bailey, overseeing the education of 325 sophomores and juniors. The following Fall, another administrator, Vice Principal Wallace Dockall, was added to help oversee the growing student body, which now comprised sophomores, juniors and seniors. Albert Sidney Johnston High School graduated its first senior class of 80 students in 1961. In the Fall of 1962, the ninth-grade class was moved from Allan Junior High School, making Johnston High School a full, four-year high school. The desegregation of public schools in Austin was a long and arduous process. The U.S. Department of Education had accepted the district's plan for desegregation in 1955, but the plan was still not implemented in 1966. In 1956, 13 African-American students were integrated into Austin's \u201cWhite\u201d high schools; integration did not occur at the junior high level until 1958 when the first African-American student was integrated into the \u201cWhite\u201d Allan Junior High School, near Johnston High School. The first integration of faculty in Austin did not occur until 1964", "Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery) Albert Sidney Johnston is a memorial statue of General Albert Sidney Johnston by German American sculptor Elisabet Ney. The piece is a life-size recumbent male figure rendered in marble sculpture. It depicts the General at the time of his death in the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War. Completed in 1903, the piece resides atop Johnston's tomb in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas, where it was installed in 1905. After his death in 1862, Johnston was first buried in New Orleans; once the Civil War had ended, the Texas Legislature had his body reinterred in the Texas State Cemetery in 1867. In 1901, the Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy brought a bill before the state legislature that appropriated $10,000 for a memorial to be placed over Johnston's grave. Governor Joseph D. Sayers gave the commission to Austin, Texas sculptor Elisabet Ney, whose statues of Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston had recently been approved for installation in the Texas State Capitol. Ney developed the work between 1902 and 1903 in her Austin studio, \"Formosa\" (now the Elisabet Ney Museum), where the plaster model is still on display. The final marble version was cut in 1904 in Seravezza, Italy, together with copies of Ney's statues of Austin and Houston intended for the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington, D.C. After being shipped to the United States, \"Johnston\" was displayed in the Texas building at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, where it won a bronze medal. It was then permanently installed at Johnston's tomb in Austin in 1905. The statue depicts Johnston lying on a stretcher at the time of his death during the Battle of Shiloh.", "William Preston Johnston William Preston Johnston (January 5, 1831 \u2013 July 16, 1899) was a lawyer, scholar, poet, and Confederate soldier. He was the son and biographer of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. He was a president of Louisiana State University and the first president of Tulane University. Johnston was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Albert Sidney Johnston and Henrietta Preston Johnston. When he was four years old, his mother died; he was then reared by members of her family. Johnston attended several local schools, including the academy of Samuel Venable Womack in Shelbyville, Centre College in Danville, Western Military Institute in Georgetown, and Yale College. In March 1853, he received his law degree from the Louisville School of Law. On July 6, 1853, he married his first wife, Rosa Elizabeth Duncan, the daughter of John N. Duncan of New Orleans. During the American Civil War, Johnston served as an \"aide-de-camp\" to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States. Johnston was a colonel in the Confederate Army. Johnston was captured with Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Georgia, at the end of the war, and was imprisoned for several months at Fort Delaware. After the war (at the invitation of Robert E. Lee), he became a professor at Washington College in Virginia. In 1880, he became president of Louisiana State University, but resigned four years later to become the first president of the new Tulane University in 1884. Johnston wrote two books of poetry, \"My Garden Walk\" (1894) and \"Pictures of the Patriarchs and Other Poems\" (1895). He also wrote \"The Prototype of Hamlet and Other Shakespearean Problems\" (1890) as well as a biography of his father, \"The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston\" (1878). Johnston was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893.", "Albert Sidney Johnston High School Albert Sidney Johnston High School served as a comprehensive, coeducational high school in the Austin Independent School District from 1960 to 2008. Located in Austin, Texas, the school was named after General Albert Sidney Johnston, who served as Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas and as a brigadier general for the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. From its inception in 1960, Johnston High School was well known for a wide variety of vocational and technical programs that prepared students for work in such fields as cosmetology, printing, auto mechanics, industry and business. Primarily a school for the Hispanic and African-American students of East Austin , Johnston High School grew to be a 5A school and weathered the challenges of desegregation, forced busing, and the end of desegregation. From 1988 to 2002, Johnston High School housed the signature Liberal Arts Academy, a college-preparatory liberal arts magnet program that brought students to Johnston High School from throughout the Austin Independent School District. Beginning in 2004, Johnston High School hosted International High School, a \u201cschool within a school\u201d that provided an intensive English program for ninth- and tenth-grade immigrant and refugee students who were bused to Johnston High School from throughout Austin. In 2008, Johnston High School was the first school in Texas to be closed and reconstituted under the accountability system of Texas Education Agency Commissioner Robert Scott. In 1958, the Austin School Board approved the construction of a new high school in East Austin, some 3,000 feet from a bend in the Colorado River. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959.", "Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation). In this role, Johnston participated in actions against the Sioux in the Wyoming Territory and in the violence over slavery in the future state, known as Bleeding Kansas. He developed a mentor relationship and close friendship with one of his junior officers, Capt. George B. McClellan. Later McClellan faced him from the Union Army. In the fall of 1856, Johnston was transferred to a depot for new recruits at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. In 1857 he led surveying expeditions to determine the Kansas border. Later that year, Davis was replaced as Secretary of War by John B. Floyd, a native of Abingdon and a cousin of Johnston's by marriage. He had been a former guardian of Preston Johnston. Floyd made Johnston a brevet colonel for his actions at Cerro Gordo, a promotion that caused grumbling within the Army about favoritism. In 1859, President James Buchanan named Johnston's brother-in-law, Robert McLane, as minister to Mexico, and Johnston accompanied him on a journey to visit Benito Ju\u00e1rez's government in Veracruz. He was also ordered to inspect possible military routes across the country in case of further hostilities. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup, the Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army, died on June 10, 1860. Winfield Scott was responsible for naming a replacement, but instead of one name, he offered four possibilities: Joseph E. Johnston, Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation), Robert E. Lee, and Charles F. Smith. Although Jefferson Davis, now a member of the Senate Military Affairs Committee, favored Albert Sidney Johnston, Secretary of War Floyd chose Joseph E. Johnston for the position. Johnston was promoted to brigadier general on June 28, 1860. Johnston did not enjoy the position, preferring field command to administration in Washington."], "answer": {"text": "Johnston's army of 17,000 men gave the Confederates a combined force of about 40,000 to 44,669 men at Corinth.", "answer_start": 1111}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65217eace8c74d9eb414090fa5b7aedc_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides  Johnston's army of 17,000 men , Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The whole establishment of this branch amounts, therefore, to 180,000 men, belonging to the active service, but its effective strength is at present 123,000. The reserve of four of the six armies consisted of eleven regiments, six of which were infantry, four of cavalry, and one of artillery. The total combined force equalled 12,000 troops, while the other two armies have not met their reserve of soldiers who have served five years. In time of war, however, the reserve would form two corps of 25,000 men in each army; giving a total of 300,000. The two services, therefore, as they stood, formed an effective force of 135,000 men; and when their full strength shall have been filled up it will amount to 480,000. Besides these six armies there were four detached corps. These corps raise the effective strength of the standing army to 365,000 men. Deployment at the time consisted of the following:   Aside from deployed troops, the Ottoman military also had the following units:   Besides augmentation of 32,000 men by the submission of Bosnia and Northern Albania to the new system; and a further increase of 40,000 men, which Serbia had arranged to furnish, 18,000 men served in Egypt, which would act to reinforce the reserve of the fifth army. The marines, sailors, and workmen, enrolled in brigades that amounted to 34,000 total men. The grand total of armed men at the disposal of Ottoman Empire at the time could be calculated at no less than 664,000 men. In addition, the Ottomans could call-up occasional levies, which were more easily and efficiently utilized in the Ottoman Empire than in any other country at the time. After years of peace and stability the modernized army was put to test in the Crimean War. Abdul Hamid II attached utmost importance to the reorganization of the military.", "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off. Johnston himself retreated with the force under his personal command, the Army of Central Kentucky, from the vicinity of Nashville. With Beauregard's help, Johnston decided to concentrate forces with those formerly under Polk and now already under Beauregard's command at the strategically located railroad crossroads of Corinth, Mississippi, which he reached by a circuitous route. Johnston kept the Union forces, now under the overall command of the ponderous Maj. Gen. Henry Halleck, confused and hesitant to move, allowing Johnston to reach his objective undetected. This delay allowed Jefferson Davis finally to send reinforcements from the garrisons of coastal cities and another highly rated but prickly general, Braxton Bragg, to help organize the western forces. Bragg at least calmed the nerves of Beauregard and Polk who had become agitated by their apparent dire situation in the face of numerically superior forces before the arrival of Johnston on March 24, 1862. Johnston's army of 17,000 men gave the Confederates a combined force of about 40,000 to 44,669 men at Corinth. On March 29, 1862, Johnston officially took command of this combined force, which continued to use the Army of the Mississippi name under which it had been organized by Beauregard on March 5. Johnston now planned to defeat the Union forces piecemeal before the various Union units in Kentucky and Tennessee under Grant with 40,000 men at nearby Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, and the now Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell on his way from Nashville with 35,000 men, could unite against him.", "However, on May 27, Johnston learned that McDowell's corps had been diverted to the Shenandoah Valley and would not be reinforcing the Army of the Potomac. He decided against attacking across his own natural defense line, the Chickahominy, and planned to capitalize on the Union army's straddle of the river by attacking the two corps south of the river, leaving them isolated from the other three corps north of the river. If executed correctly, Johnston would engage two thirds of his army (22 of its 29 infantry brigades, about 51,000 men) against the 33,000 men in the III and IV Corps. The Confederate attack plan was complex, calling for the divisions of A.P. Hill and Magruder to engage lightly and distract the Union forces north of the river, while Longstreet, commanding the main attack south of the river, was to converge on Keyes from three directions. The plan had an excellent potential for initial success because the division of the IV Corps farthest forward, manning the earthworks a mile west of Seven Pines, was that of Brig. Gen. Silas Casey, 6,000 men who were the least experienced in Keyes's corps. If Keyes could be defeated, the III Corps, to the east, could then be pinned against the Chickahominy and overwhelmed. The complex plan was mismanaged from the start. Johnston issued orders that were vague and contradictory and failed to inform all of his subordinates about the chain of command. On Longstreet's part, he either misunderstood his orders or chose to modify them without informing Johnston, changing his route of march to collide with Hill's, which not only delayed the advance, but limited the attack to a narrow front with only a fraction of its total force.", "The battle of Fort Donelson, which began on February 12, took place shortly after the surrender of Fort Henry, Tennessee, on February 6, 1862. Fort Henry had been a key position in the center of a line defending Tennessee, and the capture of the fort now opened the Tennessee River to Union troop and supply movements. About 2,500 of Fort Henry's Confederate defenders escaped before its surrender by marching the 12 miles (19 km) east to Fort Donelson. In the days following the surrender at Fort Henry, Union troops cut the railroad lines south of the fort, restricting the Confederates' lateral mobility to move reinforcements into the area to defend against the larger Union forces. With the surrender of Fort Henry, the Confederates faced some difficult choices. Grant's army now divided Confederate Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston's two main forces: P.G.T. Beauregard at Columbus, Kentucky, with 12,000 men, and William J. Hardee at Bowling Green, Kentucky, with 22,000 men. Fort Donelson had only about 5,000 men. Union forces might attack Columbus; they might attack Fort Donelson and thereby threaten Nashville, Tennessee; or Grant and Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, who was quartered in Louisville with 45,000 men, might attack Johnston head-on, with Grant following behind Buell. Johnston was apprehensive about the ease with which Union gunboats defeated Fort Henry (not comprehending that the rising waters of the Tennessee River played a crucial role by inundating the fort). He was more concerned about the threat from Buell than he was from Grant, and suspected the river operations might simply be a diversion. Johnston decided upon a course of action that forfeited the initiative across most of his defensive line, tacitly admitting that the Confederate defensive strategy for Tennessee was a sham.", "The Byzantine army continued to use the same military terms with regards to numbers of troops and officers as did the Komnenian army. However, there were fewer territories to raise troops from. In Anatolia, the local support for the Ottoman conquerors grew daily, whilst in Greece the ravaging by the Crusader states, by Serbia, by Bulgaria, and earlier on by the Angevin Empire ended the region's prominence as a source of Byzantine levies. After 1204, no single Byzantine field army numbered more than 5,000 men. Around 1261, the central army consisted of 6,000 men, while the number of total field troops never exceeded 10,000 men. The total number of troops under Michael VIII was about 20,000 men; the mobile force numbered 15,000 men, while the town garrisons totaled 5,000 men. However, under Andronicus II the more professional elements of the army was demobilized in favor of poorly trained and cheaper militia soldiers. The Emperor decreased the entire army's strength to 4,000 men by 1320, and a year later the Empire's standing army dropped to only 3,000 cavalry. Even though the Empire had shrunk considerably by the time of Andronicus III's reign, he succeeded in assembling an army of 4,000 men for his campaign against the Ottomans. By 1453, the Byzantine army had fallen to a regular garrison of 1,500 men in Constantinople. With a supreme effort, Constantine XI succeeded in assembling a garrison of 7,000 men (included 2,000 foreigners) to defend the city against the Ottoman army. Byzantine troops continued to consist of cavalry, infantry and archers. Since Trebizond had broken away, Cumans and Turks were used for cavalry and missile units."], "answer": {"text": "Johnston now planned to defeat the Union forces piecemeal before the various Union units in Kentucky and Tennessee under Grant with 40,000 men at nearby Pittsburg Landing,", "answer_start": 1414}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he have these units?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston's army of 17,000 men gave the Confederates a combined force of about 40,000 to 44,669 men at Corinth.", "answer_start": 1111, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65217eace8c74d9eb414090fa5b7aedc_0_q#3", "question": "Was he successful at this?", "rewrite": "Was Albert Sidney Johnston  successful at planning to defeat the Union forces piecemeal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery) Albert Sidney Johnston is a memorial statue of General Albert Sidney Johnston by German American sculptor Elisabet Ney. The piece is a life-size recumbent male figure rendered in marble sculpture. It depicts the General at the time of his death in the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War. Completed in 1903, the piece resides atop Johnston's tomb in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas, where it was installed in 1905. After his death in 1862, Johnston was first buried in New Orleans; once the Civil War had ended, the Texas Legislature had his body reinterred in the Texas State Cemetery in 1867. In 1901, the Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy brought a bill before the state legislature that appropriated $10,000 for a memorial to be placed over Johnston's grave. Governor Joseph D. Sayers gave the commission to Austin, Texas sculptor Elisabet Ney, whose statues of Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston had recently been approved for installation in the Texas State Capitol. Ney developed the work between 1902 and 1903 in her Austin studio, \"Formosa\" (now the Elisabet Ney Museum), where the plaster model is still on display. The final marble version was cut in 1904 in Seravezza, Italy, together with copies of Ney's statues of Austin and Houston intended for the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington, D.C. After being shipped to the United States, \"Johnston\" was displayed in the Texas building at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, where it won a bronze medal. It was then permanently installed at Johnston's tomb in Austin in 1905. The statue depicts Johnston lying on a stretcher at the time of his death during the Battle of Shiloh.", "William Preston Johnston William Preston Johnston (January 5, 1831 \u2013 July 16, 1899) was a lawyer, scholar, poet, and Confederate soldier. He was the son and biographer of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. He was a president of Louisiana State University and the first president of Tulane University. Johnston was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Albert Sidney Johnston and Henrietta Preston Johnston. When he was four years old, his mother died; he was then reared by members of her family. Johnston attended several local schools, including the academy of Samuel Venable Womack in Shelbyville, Centre College in Danville, Western Military Institute in Georgetown, and Yale College. In March 1853, he received his law degree from the Louisville School of Law. On July 6, 1853, he married his first wife, Rosa Elizabeth Duncan, the daughter of John N. Duncan of New Orleans. During the American Civil War, Johnston served as an \"aide-de-camp\" to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States. Johnston was a colonel in the Confederate Army. Johnston was captured with Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Georgia, at the end of the war, and was imprisoned for several months at Fort Delaware. After the war (at the invitation of Robert E. Lee), he became a professor at Washington College in Virginia. In 1880, he became president of Louisiana State University, but resigned four years later to become the first president of the new Tulane University in 1884. Johnston wrote two books of poetry, \"My Garden Walk\" (1894) and \"Pictures of the Patriarchs and Other Poems\" (1895). He also wrote \"The Prototype of Hamlet and Other Shakespearean Problems\" (1890) as well as a biography of his father, \"The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston\" (1878). Johnston was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893.", "In 1958, the Austin School Board approved a new high school in East Austin for students graduating from the nearby Allan Junior High School, which desegregated that same year. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959. In 1960, with heightened activity focused on the centennial celebration of the American Civil War (1860-1865), the school was renamed after Albert Sidney Johnston, a Civil War general buried at the Texas State Cemetery, 3.5 miles west of the school. Albert Sidney Johnston High School opened in 1960 under the leadership of Austin Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Irby B. Carruth and Johnston High School Principal Gordon A. Bailey, who led the school for 12 years. The school's 1985 Jubilee program notes that Johnston High School was opened in February 1960 with a single administrator, Mr. Bailey, overseeing the education of 325 sophomores and juniors. The following Fall, another administrator, Vice Principal Wallace Dockall, was added to help oversee the growing student body, which now comprised sophomores, juniors and seniors. Albert Sidney Johnston High School graduated its first senior class of 80 students in 1961. In the Fall of 1962, the ninth-grade class was moved from Allan Junior High School, making Johnston High School a full, four-year high school. The desegregation of public schools in Austin was a long and arduous process. The U.S. Department of Education had accepted the district's plan for desegregation in 1955, but the plan was still not implemented in 1966. In 1956, 13 African-American students were integrated into Austin's \u201cWhite\u201d high schools; integration did not occur at the junior high level until 1958 when the first African-American student was integrated into the \u201cWhite\u201d Allan Junior High School, near Johnston High School. The first integration of faculty in Austin did not occur until 1964", "Albert Sidney Johnston High School Albert Sidney Johnston High School served as a comprehensive, coeducational high school in the Austin Independent School District from 1960 to 2008. Located in Austin, Texas, the school was named after General Albert Sidney Johnston, who served as Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas and as a brigadier general for the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. From its inception in 1960, Johnston High School was well known for a wide variety of vocational and technical programs that prepared students for work in such fields as cosmetology, printing, auto mechanics, industry and business. Primarily a school for the Hispanic and African-American students of East Austin , Johnston High School grew to be a 5A school and weathered the challenges of desegregation, forced busing, and the end of desegregation. From 1988 to 2002, Johnston High School housed the signature Liberal Arts Academy, a college-preparatory liberal arts magnet program that brought students to Johnston High School from throughout the Austin Independent School District. Beginning in 2004, Johnston High School hosted International High School, a \u201cschool within a school\u201d that provided an intensive English program for ninth- and tenth-grade immigrant and refugee students who were bused to Johnston High School from throughout Austin. In 2008, Johnston High School was the first school in Texas to be closed and reconstituted under the accountability system of Texas Education Agency Commissioner Robert Scott. In 1958, the Austin School Board approved the construction of a new high school in East Austin, some 3,000 feet from a bend in the Colorado River. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959.", "Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation). In this role, Johnston participated in actions against the Sioux in the Wyoming Territory and in the violence over slavery in the future state, known as Bleeding Kansas. He developed a mentor relationship and close friendship with one of his junior officers, Capt. George B. McClellan. Later McClellan faced him from the Union Army. In the fall of 1856, Johnston was transferred to a depot for new recruits at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. In 1857 he led surveying expeditions to determine the Kansas border. Later that year, Davis was replaced as Secretary of War by John B. Floyd, a native of Abingdon and a cousin of Johnston's by marriage. He had been a former guardian of Preston Johnston. Floyd made Johnston a brevet colonel for his actions at Cerro Gordo, a promotion that caused grumbling within the Army about favoritism. In 1859, President James Buchanan named Johnston's brother-in-law, Robert McLane, as minister to Mexico, and Johnston accompanied him on a journey to visit Benito Ju\u00e1rez's government in Veracruz. He was also ordered to inspect possible military routes across the country in case of further hostilities. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup, the Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army, died on June 10, 1860. Winfield Scott was responsible for naming a replacement, but instead of one name, he offered four possibilities: Joseph E. Johnston, Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation), Robert E. Lee, and Charles F. Smith. Although Jefferson Davis, now a member of the Senate Military Affairs Committee, favored Albert Sidney Johnston, Secretary of War Floyd chose Joseph E. Johnston for the position. Johnston was promoted to brigadier general on June 28, 1860. Johnston did not enjoy the position, preferring field command to administration in Washington."], "answer": {"text": "intent on surprising Grant's force as soon as the next day, but they moved slowly due to their inexperience, bad roads and lack of adequate staff planning.", "answer_start": 54}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he have these units?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston's army of 17,000 men gave the Confederates a combined force of about 40,000 to 44,669 men at Corinth.", "answer_start": 1111, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston now planned to defeat the Union forces piecemeal before the various Union units in Kentucky and Tennessee under Grant with 40,000 men at nearby Pittsburg Landing,", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65217eace8c74d9eb414090fa5b7aedc_0_q#4", "question": "Does it state how many men he lost?", "rewrite": "Does Albert Sidney Johnston state how many men Albert Sidney Johnston lost?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1958, the Austin School Board approved a new high school in East Austin for students graduating from the nearby Allan Junior High School, which desegregated that same year. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959. In 1960, with heightened activity focused on the centennial celebration of the American Civil War (1860-1865), the school was renamed after Albert Sidney Johnston, a Civil War general buried at the Texas State Cemetery, 3.5 miles west of the school. Albert Sidney Johnston High School opened in 1960 under the leadership of Austin Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Irby B. Carruth and Johnston High School Principal Gordon A. Bailey, who led the school for 12 years. The school's 1985 Jubilee program notes that Johnston High School was opened in February 1960 with a single administrator, Mr. Bailey, overseeing the education of 325 sophomores and juniors. The following Fall, another administrator, Vice Principal Wallace Dockall, was added to help oversee the growing student body, which now comprised sophomores, juniors and seniors. Albert Sidney Johnston High School graduated its first senior class of 80 students in 1961. In the Fall of 1962, the ninth-grade class was moved from Allan Junior High School, making Johnston High School a full, four-year high school. The desegregation of public schools in Austin was a long and arduous process. The U.S. Department of Education had accepted the district's plan for desegregation in 1955, but the plan was still not implemented in 1966. In 1956, 13 African-American students were integrated into Austin's \u201cWhite\u201d high schools; integration did not occur at the junior high level until 1958 when the first African-American student was integrated into the \u201cWhite\u201d Allan Junior High School, near Johnston High School. The first integration of faculty in Austin did not occur until 1964", "Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery) Albert Sidney Johnston is a memorial statue of General Albert Sidney Johnston by German American sculptor Elisabet Ney. The piece is a life-size recumbent male figure rendered in marble sculpture. It depicts the General at the time of his death in the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War. Completed in 1903, the piece resides atop Johnston's tomb in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas, where it was installed in 1905. After his death in 1862, Johnston was first buried in New Orleans; once the Civil War had ended, the Texas Legislature had his body reinterred in the Texas State Cemetery in 1867. In 1901, the Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy brought a bill before the state legislature that appropriated $10,000 for a memorial to be placed over Johnston's grave. Governor Joseph D. Sayers gave the commission to Austin, Texas sculptor Elisabet Ney, whose statues of Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston had recently been approved for installation in the Texas State Capitol. Ney developed the work between 1902 and 1903 in her Austin studio, \"Formosa\" (now the Elisabet Ney Museum), where the plaster model is still on display. The final marble version was cut in 1904 in Seravezza, Italy, together with copies of Ney's statues of Austin and Houston intended for the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington, D.C. After being shipped to the United States, \"Johnston\" was displayed in the Texas building at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, where it won a bronze medal. It was then permanently installed at Johnston's tomb in Austin in 1905. The statue depicts Johnston lying on a stretcher at the time of his death during the Battle of Shiloh.", "William Preston Johnston William Preston Johnston (January 5, 1831 \u2013 July 16, 1899) was a lawyer, scholar, poet, and Confederate soldier. He was the son and biographer of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. He was a president of Louisiana State University and the first president of Tulane University. Johnston was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Albert Sidney Johnston and Henrietta Preston Johnston. When he was four years old, his mother died; he was then reared by members of her family. Johnston attended several local schools, including the academy of Samuel Venable Womack in Shelbyville, Centre College in Danville, Western Military Institute in Georgetown, and Yale College. In March 1853, he received his law degree from the Louisville School of Law. On July 6, 1853, he married his first wife, Rosa Elizabeth Duncan, the daughter of John N. Duncan of New Orleans. During the American Civil War, Johnston served as an \"aide-de-camp\" to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States. Johnston was a colonel in the Confederate Army. Johnston was captured with Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Georgia, at the end of the war, and was imprisoned for several months at Fort Delaware. After the war (at the invitation of Robert E. Lee), he became a professor at Washington College in Virginia. In 1880, he became president of Louisiana State University, but resigned four years later to become the first president of the new Tulane University in 1884. Johnston wrote two books of poetry, \"My Garden Walk\" (1894) and \"Pictures of the Patriarchs and Other Poems\" (1895). He also wrote \"The Prototype of Hamlet and Other Shakespearean Problems\" (1890) as well as a biography of his father, \"The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston\" (1878). Johnston was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893.", "Albert Sidney Johnston High School Albert Sidney Johnston High School served as a comprehensive, coeducational high school in the Austin Independent School District from 1960 to 2008. Located in Austin, Texas, the school was named after General Albert Sidney Johnston, who served as Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas and as a brigadier general for the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. From its inception in 1960, Johnston High School was well known for a wide variety of vocational and technical programs that prepared students for work in such fields as cosmetology, printing, auto mechanics, industry and business. Primarily a school for the Hispanic and African-American students of East Austin , Johnston High School grew to be a 5A school and weathered the challenges of desegregation, forced busing, and the end of desegregation. From 1988 to 2002, Johnston High School housed the signature Liberal Arts Academy, a college-preparatory liberal arts magnet program that brought students to Johnston High School from throughout the Austin Independent School District. Beginning in 2004, Johnston High School hosted International High School, a \u201cschool within a school\u201d that provided an intensive English program for ninth- and tenth-grade immigrant and refugee students who were bused to Johnston High School from throughout Austin. In 2008, Johnston High School was the first school in Texas to be closed and reconstituted under the accountability system of Texas Education Agency Commissioner Robert Scott. In 1958, the Austin School Board approved the construction of a new high school in East Austin, some 3,000 feet from a bend in the Colorado River. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959.", "Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation). In this role, Johnston participated in actions against the Sioux in the Wyoming Territory and in the violence over slavery in the future state, known as Bleeding Kansas. He developed a mentor relationship and close friendship with one of his junior officers, Capt. George B. McClellan. Later McClellan faced him from the Union Army. In the fall of 1856, Johnston was transferred to a depot for new recruits at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. In 1857 he led surveying expeditions to determine the Kansas border. Later that year, Davis was replaced as Secretary of War by John B. Floyd, a native of Abingdon and a cousin of Johnston's by marriage. He had been a former guardian of Preston Johnston. Floyd made Johnston a brevet colonel for his actions at Cerro Gordo, a promotion that caused grumbling within the Army about favoritism. In 1859, President James Buchanan named Johnston's brother-in-law, Robert McLane, as minister to Mexico, and Johnston accompanied him on a journey to visit Benito Ju\u00e1rez's government in Veracruz. He was also ordered to inspect possible military routes across the country in case of further hostilities. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup, the Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army, died on June 10, 1860. Winfield Scott was responsible for naming a replacement, but instead of one name, he offered four possibilities: Joseph E. Johnston, Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation), Robert E. Lee, and Charles F. Smith. Although Jefferson Davis, now a member of the Senate Military Affairs Committee, favored Albert Sidney Johnston, Secretary of War Floyd chose Joseph E. Johnston for the position. Johnston was promoted to brigadier general on June 28, 1860. Johnston did not enjoy the position, preferring field command to administration in Washington."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he have these units?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston's army of 17,000 men gave the Confederates a combined force of about 40,000 to 44,669 men at Corinth.", "answer_start": 1111, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston now planned to defeat the Union forces piecemeal before the various Union units in Kentucky and Tennessee under Grant with 40,000 men at nearby Pittsburg Landing,", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful at this?", "answer": {"text": "intent on surprising Grant's force as soon as the next day, but they moved slowly due to their inexperience, bad roads and lack of adequate staff planning.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_65217eace8c74d9eb414090fa5b7aedc_0_q#5", "question": "Who did he serve with?", "rewrite": "Who did Albert Sidney Johnston serve with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Preston Johnston William Preston Johnston (January 5, 1831 \u2013 July 16, 1899) was a lawyer, scholar, poet, and Confederate soldier. He was the son and biographer of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. He was a president of Louisiana State University and the first president of Tulane University. Johnston was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Albert Sidney Johnston and Henrietta Preston Johnston. When he was four years old, his mother died; he was then reared by members of her family. Johnston attended several local schools, including the academy of Samuel Venable Womack in Shelbyville, Centre College in Danville, Western Military Institute in Georgetown, and Yale College. In March 1853, he received his law degree from the Louisville School of Law. On July 6, 1853, he married his first wife, Rosa Elizabeth Duncan, the daughter of John N. Duncan of New Orleans. During the American Civil War, Johnston served as an \"aide-de-camp\" to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States. Johnston was a colonel in the Confederate Army. Johnston was captured with Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Georgia, at the end of the war, and was imprisoned for several months at Fort Delaware. After the war (at the invitation of Robert E. Lee), he became a professor at Washington College in Virginia. In 1880, he became president of Louisiana State University, but resigned four years later to become the first president of the new Tulane University in 1884. Johnston wrote two books of poetry, \"My Garden Walk\" (1894) and \"Pictures of the Patriarchs and Other Poems\" (1895). He also wrote \"The Prototype of Hamlet and Other Shakespearean Problems\" (1890) as well as a biography of his father, \"The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston\" (1878). Johnston was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893.", "In 1958, the Austin School Board approved a new high school in East Austin for students graduating from the nearby Allan Junior High School, which desegregated that same year. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959. In 1960, with heightened activity focused on the centennial celebration of the American Civil War (1860-1865), the school was renamed after Albert Sidney Johnston, a Civil War general buried at the Texas State Cemetery, 3.5 miles west of the school. Albert Sidney Johnston High School opened in 1960 under the leadership of Austin Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Irby B. Carruth and Johnston High School Principal Gordon A. Bailey, who led the school for 12 years. The school's 1985 Jubilee program notes that Johnston High School was opened in February 1960 with a single administrator, Mr. Bailey, overseeing the education of 325 sophomores and juniors. The following Fall, another administrator, Vice Principal Wallace Dockall, was added to help oversee the growing student body, which now comprised sophomores, juniors and seniors. Albert Sidney Johnston High School graduated its first senior class of 80 students in 1961. In the Fall of 1962, the ninth-grade class was moved from Allan Junior High School, making Johnston High School a full, four-year high school. The desegregation of public schools in Austin was a long and arduous process. The U.S. Department of Education had accepted the district's plan for desegregation in 1955, but the plan was still not implemented in 1966. In 1956, 13 African-American students were integrated into Austin's \u201cWhite\u201d high schools; integration did not occur at the junior high level until 1958 when the first African-American student was integrated into the \u201cWhite\u201d Allan Junior High School, near Johnston High School. The first integration of faculty in Austin did not occur until 1964", "Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery) Albert Sidney Johnston is a memorial statue of General Albert Sidney Johnston by German American sculptor Elisabet Ney. The piece is a life-size recumbent male figure rendered in marble sculpture. It depicts the General at the time of his death in the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War. Completed in 1903, the piece resides atop Johnston's tomb in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas, where it was installed in 1905. After his death in 1862, Johnston was first buried in New Orleans; once the Civil War had ended, the Texas Legislature had his body reinterred in the Texas State Cemetery in 1867. In 1901, the Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy brought a bill before the state legislature that appropriated $10,000 for a memorial to be placed over Johnston's grave. Governor Joseph D. Sayers gave the commission to Austin, Texas sculptor Elisabet Ney, whose statues of Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston had recently been approved for installation in the Texas State Capitol. Ney developed the work between 1902 and 1903 in her Austin studio, \"Formosa\" (now the Elisabet Ney Museum), where the plaster model is still on display. The final marble version was cut in 1904 in Seravezza, Italy, together with copies of Ney's statues of Austin and Houston intended for the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington, D.C. After being shipped to the United States, \"Johnston\" was displayed in the Texas building at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, where it won a bronze medal. It was then permanently installed at Johnston's tomb in Austin in 1905. The statue depicts Johnston lying on a stretcher at the time of his death during the Battle of Shiloh.", "Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation). In this role, Johnston participated in actions against the Sioux in the Wyoming Territory and in the violence over slavery in the future state, known as Bleeding Kansas. He developed a mentor relationship and close friendship with one of his junior officers, Capt. George B. McClellan. Later McClellan faced him from the Union Army. In the fall of 1856, Johnston was transferred to a depot for new recruits at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. In 1857 he led surveying expeditions to determine the Kansas border. Later that year, Davis was replaced as Secretary of War by John B. Floyd, a native of Abingdon and a cousin of Johnston's by marriage. He had been a former guardian of Preston Johnston. Floyd made Johnston a brevet colonel for his actions at Cerro Gordo, a promotion that caused grumbling within the Army about favoritism. In 1859, President James Buchanan named Johnston's brother-in-law, Robert McLane, as minister to Mexico, and Johnston accompanied him on a journey to visit Benito Ju\u00e1rez's government in Veracruz. He was also ordered to inspect possible military routes across the country in case of further hostilities. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup, the Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army, died on June 10, 1860. Winfield Scott was responsible for naming a replacement, but instead of one name, he offered four possibilities: Joseph E. Johnston, Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation), Robert E. Lee, and Charles F. Smith. Although Jefferson Davis, now a member of the Senate Military Affairs Committee, favored Albert Sidney Johnston, Secretary of War Floyd chose Joseph E. Johnston for the position. Johnston was promoted to brigadier general on June 28, 1860. Johnston did not enjoy the position, preferring field command to administration in Washington.", "Albert Sidney Johnston High School Albert Sidney Johnston High School served as a comprehensive, coeducational high school in the Austin Independent School District from 1960 to 2008. Located in Austin, Texas, the school was named after General Albert Sidney Johnston, who served as Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas and as a brigadier general for the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. From its inception in 1960, Johnston High School was well known for a wide variety of vocational and technical programs that prepared students for work in such fields as cosmetology, printing, auto mechanics, industry and business. Primarily a school for the Hispanic and African-American students of East Austin , Johnston High School grew to be a 5A school and weathered the challenges of desegregation, forced busing, and the end of desegregation. From 1988 to 2002, Johnston High School housed the signature Liberal Arts Academy, a college-preparatory liberal arts magnet program that brought students to Johnston High School from throughout the Austin Independent School District. Beginning in 2004, Johnston High School hosted International High School, a \u201cschool within a school\u201d that provided an intensive English program for ninth- and tenth-grade immigrant and refugee students who were bused to Johnston High School from throughout Austin. In 2008, Johnston High School was the first school in Texas to be closed and reconstituted under the accountability system of Texas Education Agency Commissioner Robert Scott. In 1958, the Austin School Board approved the construction of a new high school in East Austin, some 3,000 feet from a bend in the Colorado River. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959."], "answer": {"text": "P. G. T. Beauregard,", "answer_start": 303}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he have these units?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston's army of 17,000 men gave the Confederates a combined force of about 40,000 to 44,669 men at Corinth.", "answer_start": 1111, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston now planned to defeat the Union forces piecemeal before the various Union units in Kentucky and Tennessee under Grant with 40,000 men at nearby Pittsburg Landing,", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful at this?", "answer": {"text": "intent on surprising Grant's force as soon as the next day, but they moved slowly due to their inexperience, bad roads and lack of adequate staff planning.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does it state how many men he lost?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65217eace8c74d9eb414090fa5b7aedc_0_q#6", "question": "Did he find success during any of his battles?", "rewrite": "Did Albert Sidney Johnston find success during any of his battles?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation). In this role, Johnston participated in actions against the Sioux in the Wyoming Territory and in the violence over slavery in the future state, known as Bleeding Kansas. He developed a mentor relationship and close friendship with one of his junior officers, Capt. George B. McClellan. Later McClellan faced him from the Union Army. In the fall of 1856, Johnston was transferred to a depot for new recruits at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri. In 1857 he led surveying expeditions to determine the Kansas border. Later that year, Davis was replaced as Secretary of War by John B. Floyd, a native of Abingdon and a cousin of Johnston's by marriage. He had been a former guardian of Preston Johnston. Floyd made Johnston a brevet colonel for his actions at Cerro Gordo, a promotion that caused grumbling within the Army about favoritism. In 1859, President James Buchanan named Johnston's brother-in-law, Robert McLane, as minister to Mexico, and Johnston accompanied him on a journey to visit Benito Ju\u00e1rez's government in Veracruz. He was also ordered to inspect possible military routes across the country in case of further hostilities. Brig. Gen. Thomas S. Jesup, the Quartermaster General of the U.S. Army, died on June 10, 1860. Winfield Scott was responsible for naming a replacement, but instead of one name, he offered four possibilities: Joseph E. Johnston, Albert Sidney Johnston (no relation), Robert E. Lee, and Charles F. Smith. Although Jefferson Davis, now a member of the Senate Military Affairs Committee, favored Albert Sidney Johnston, Secretary of War Floyd chose Joseph E. Johnston for the position. Johnston was promoted to brigadier general on June 28, 1860. Johnston did not enjoy the position, preferring field command to administration in Washington.", "Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery) Albert Sidney Johnston is a memorial statue of General Albert Sidney Johnston by German American sculptor Elisabet Ney. The piece is a life-size recumbent male figure rendered in marble sculpture. It depicts the General at the time of his death in the Battle of Shiloh during the American Civil War. Completed in 1903, the piece resides atop Johnston's tomb in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas, where it was installed in 1905. After his death in 1862, Johnston was first buried in New Orleans; once the Civil War had ended, the Texas Legislature had his body reinterred in the Texas State Cemetery in 1867. In 1901, the Texas Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy brought a bill before the state legislature that appropriated $10,000 for a memorial to be placed over Johnston's grave. Governor Joseph D. Sayers gave the commission to Austin, Texas sculptor Elisabet Ney, whose statues of Stephen F. Austin and Sam Houston had recently been approved for installation in the Texas State Capitol. Ney developed the work between 1902 and 1903 in her Austin studio, \"Formosa\" (now the Elisabet Ney Museum), where the plaster model is still on display. The final marble version was cut in 1904 in Seravezza, Italy, together with copies of Ney's statues of Austin and Houston intended for the National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington, D.C. After being shipped to the United States, \"Johnston\" was displayed in the Texas building at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, where it won a bronze medal. It was then permanently installed at Johnston's tomb in Austin in 1905. The statue depicts Johnston lying on a stretcher at the time of his death during the Battle of Shiloh.", "In 1958, the Austin School Board approved a new high school in East Austin for students graduating from the nearby Allan Junior High School, which desegregated that same year. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959. In 1960, with heightened activity focused on the centennial celebration of the American Civil War (1860-1865), the school was renamed after Albert Sidney Johnston, a Civil War general buried at the Texas State Cemetery, 3.5 miles west of the school. Albert Sidney Johnston High School opened in 1960 under the leadership of Austin Public Schools Superintendent Dr. Irby B. Carruth and Johnston High School Principal Gordon A. Bailey, who led the school for 12 years. The school's 1985 Jubilee program notes that Johnston High School was opened in February 1960 with a single administrator, Mr. Bailey, overseeing the education of 325 sophomores and juniors. The following Fall, another administrator, Vice Principal Wallace Dockall, was added to help oversee the growing student body, which now comprised sophomores, juniors and seniors. Albert Sidney Johnston High School graduated its first senior class of 80 students in 1961. In the Fall of 1962, the ninth-grade class was moved from Allan Junior High School, making Johnston High School a full, four-year high school. The desegregation of public schools in Austin was a long and arduous process. The U.S. Department of Education had accepted the district's plan for desegregation in 1955, but the plan was still not implemented in 1966. In 1956, 13 African-American students were integrated into Austin's \u201cWhite\u201d high schools; integration did not occur at the junior high level until 1958 when the first African-American student was integrated into the \u201cWhite\u201d Allan Junior High School, near Johnston High School. The first integration of faculty in Austin did not occur until 1964", "Albert Sidney Johnston High School Albert Sidney Johnston High School served as a comprehensive, coeducational high school in the Austin Independent School District from 1960 to 2008. Located in Austin, Texas, the school was named after General Albert Sidney Johnston, who served as Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas and as a brigadier general for the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. From its inception in 1960, Johnston High School was well known for a wide variety of vocational and technical programs that prepared students for work in such fields as cosmetology, printing, auto mechanics, industry and business. Primarily a school for the Hispanic and African-American students of East Austin , Johnston High School grew to be a 5A school and weathered the challenges of desegregation, forced busing, and the end of desegregation. From 1988 to 2002, Johnston High School housed the signature Liberal Arts Academy, a college-preparatory liberal arts magnet program that brought students to Johnston High School from throughout the Austin Independent School District. Beginning in 2004, Johnston High School hosted International High School, a \u201cschool within a school\u201d that provided an intensive English program for ninth- and tenth-grade immigrant and refugee students who were bused to Johnston High School from throughout Austin. In 2008, Johnston High School was the first school in Texas to be closed and reconstituted under the accountability system of Texas Education Agency Commissioner Robert Scott. In 1958, the Austin School Board approved the construction of a new high school in East Austin, some 3,000 feet from a bend in the Colorado River. Construction on the facility\u2014originally named Riverside High School\u2014began in 1959.", "William Preston Johnston William Preston Johnston (January 5, 1831 \u2013 July 16, 1899) was a lawyer, scholar, poet, and Confederate soldier. He was the son and biographer of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. He was a president of Louisiana State University and the first president of Tulane University. Johnston was born in Louisville, Kentucky, to Albert Sidney Johnston and Henrietta Preston Johnston. When he was four years old, his mother died; he was then reared by members of her family. Johnston attended several local schools, including the academy of Samuel Venable Womack in Shelbyville, Centre College in Danville, Western Military Institute in Georgetown, and Yale College. In March 1853, he received his law degree from the Louisville School of Law. On July 6, 1853, he married his first wife, Rosa Elizabeth Duncan, the daughter of John N. Duncan of New Orleans. During the American Civil War, Johnston served as an \"aide-de-camp\" to Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States. Johnston was a colonel in the Confederate Army. Johnston was captured with Jefferson Davis at Irwinville, Georgia, at the end of the war, and was imprisoned for several months at Fort Delaware. After the war (at the invitation of Robert E. Lee), he became a professor at Washington College in Virginia. In 1880, he became president of Louisiana State University, but resigned four years later to become the first president of the new Tulane University in 1884. Johnston wrote two books of poetry, \"My Garden Walk\" (1894) and \"Pictures of the Patriarchs and Other Poems\" (1895). He also wrote \"The Prototype of Hamlet and Other Shakespearean Problems\" (1890) as well as a biography of his father, \"The Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston\" (1878). Johnston was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1893."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What can you tell me about Concentration at Corinth?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston had various remaining military units scattered throughout his territory and retreating to the south to avoid being cut off.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he have these units?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston's army of 17,000 men gave the Confederates a combined force of about 40,000 to 44,669 men at Corinth.", "answer_start": 1111, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Johnston now planned to defeat the Union forces piecemeal before the various Union units in Kentucky and Tennessee under Grant with 40,000 men at nearby Pittsburg Landing,", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful at this?", "answer": {"text": "intent on surprising Grant's force as soon as the next day, but they moved slowly due to their inexperience, bad roads and lack of adequate staff planning.", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does it state how many men he lost?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he serve with?", "answer": {"text": "P. G. T. Beauregard,", "answer_start": 303, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#0", "question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "rewrite": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Kerry Brown (musician)  Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "In March 2010, Pooley left The Smashing Pumpkins to focus on her family, stating: Ginger made a guest appearance during the Smashing Pumpkins' Record Store Day performance on April 17, 2010 in Hollywood, CA. She briefly returned to her duties and played bass during the rendition of \"Bullet with Butterfly Wings\". She also played bass for Glee Live in 2010 and 2011 and is working on a solo EP. During The Smashing Pumpkins' concert on February 16, 2008, at the O2 Arena in London, Billy Corgan announced that Reyes had recently become engaged. She married Kristopher Pooley June 22, 2008, in Los Angeles. Kris is a professional musician who toured as Gwen Stefani's keyboardist and joined the Smashing Pumpkins on their 2008 20th Anniversary tour. On April 6, 2009, it was announced on The Smashing Pumpkins' official website that Ginger and her husband Kris were expecting their first child later that year. It was announced via Twitter that on October 17, 2009, she gave birth to a baby girl, Talula Victoria Pooley."], "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#1", "question": "What was their first album?", "rewrite": "What was the Smashing Pumpkins first album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zeitgeist (The Smashing Pumpkins album) Zeitgeist is the seventh studio album by American rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on July 10, 2007 by Martha's Music and Reprise Records. It was the band's first album following their reunion in 2005, and was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin, and Terry Date. The album debuted strongly, but sales soon decreased, and critical reception was mixed. It was certified Gold in the United States on February 1, 2008. This is their final album to feature the drummer Jimmy Chamberlin, until his comeback in 2018's \"\". After The Smashing Pumpkins disbanded in 2000, Corgan and Chamberlin reunited for the short-lived supergroup Zwan, also featuring members of Slint, Chavez, and A Perfect Circle. The group released one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", before dissolving in 2003. Chamberlin then formed Jimmy Chamberlin Complex, while Corgan would focus on a solo album. On June 21, 2005, the day of the release of his album \"TheFutureEmbrace\", Corgan took out full-page advertisements in the \"Chicago Tribune\" and \"Chicago Sun-Times\" to announce that he had \"made plans to renew and revive the Smashing Pumpkins.\" Chamberlin soon announced that he would be rejoining the band, and the two began living together in north Scottsdale, Arizona in November 2005, writing and rehearsing new songs. Within three weeks of practicing, the pair decided they had recaptured the sound of the band and prepared to record a new album. On April 20, 2006, the band's website confirmed that the band had reunited and started work on a new album. The website later announced that the new album would be produced by Roy Thomas Baker.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album."], "answer": {"text": "the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992 to begin work on their second album, with Butch Vig returning as producer.", "answer_start": 532}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#2", "question": "what was the album called?", "rewrite": "What was the album The Smashing Pumpkins released called?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Kerry Brown (musician)  Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and"], "answer": {"text": "Despite all the problems in its recording, Siamese Dream debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 chart, and sold over four million copies in the U.S. alone.", "answer_start": 1587}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992 to begin work on their second album, with Butch Vig returning as producer.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#3", "question": "Did they tour during this time?", "rewrite": "Did The Smashing Pumpkins tour during the release of Siamese Dream?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Siamese Dream Siamese Dream is the second studio album by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins, released on July 27, 1993 on Virgin Records. The album fused diverse influences such as shoegazing, dream pop, and heavy metal, and has been described as \"closer to progressive rock than to punk or grunge.\" Despite recording sessions fraught with difficulties and tensions, \"Siamese Dream\" debuted at number ten on the \"Billboard\" charts, and eventually sold over four million copies in the US, and over six million worldwide, cementing The Smashing Pumpkins as an important group in alternative rock music. Four singles were released in support of \"Siamese Dream\": \"Cherub Rock\", \"Today\", \"Disarm\", and \"Rocket\". In addition to receiving mostly positive reviews upon its release, \"Siamese Dream\" has widely been regarded as one of the best albums of the 1990s, and one of the best albums of all time. \" Rolling Stone\" magazine have ranked it number 362 on their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. The band's debut album, \"Gish\", was released on Caroline Records in 1991 to unexpected success and acclaim. After the release of Nirvana's \"Nevermind\" later that year, The Smashing Pumpkins were hyped as \"the next Nirvana\". The band was signed to Caroline Records parent Virgin Records and began recording a follow-up album. Frontman Billy Corgan felt \"this great pressure to make the next album to set the world on fire\".", "Wretzky accepted, and Jimmy Chamberlin completed the lineup a few months later, after Joe Shanahan encouraged Corgan to add a live drummer. Wretzky is the credited bassist on the Smashing Pumpkins' first five studio albums: \"Gish\", \"Siamese Dream\", \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\", \"Adore\", and \"Machina/ The Machines of God\". It was confirmed by both her and Corgan, however, that Corgan played the bass tracks for \"Siamese Dream\" because he could complete them in far fewer takes. Wretzky often contributed backing vocals in concert, and on studio albums. She contributes vocally in some Smashing Pumpkins songs including \"Daydream\" from \"Gish\", many songs on \"Siamese Dream\", \"1979\", \"Cupid De Locke\", \"Farewell and Goodnight\", \"Beautiful\"; \"Where Boys Fear to Tread\" from \"Mellon Collie\", and \"Dreaming\" and \"The Bells\" from \" The Aeroplane Flies High\". Wretzky also co-wrote one Smashing Pumpkins song, \"Daughter\". Wretzky's time in the band was marked by alternating periods of happiness and discomfort. Corgan considered her the \"moral authority\" and \"moral conscience\" of the band. In the aftermath of the success of 1995's \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\", Corgan said she began an \"apparent slow descent into insanity and/or drugs (take your pick). \" After the short, nine-date \"The Arising!\" tour in April 1999 which saw all four original members performing together for the first time since 1996, Wretzky decided to leave the band with intentions of pursuing an acting career. The band were recording \"Machina/ The Machines of God\" and \"Machina II/", "Steve Hochman of the \"Los Angeles Times\" predicted that \"the scale of its success will likely be tied to how many fans are willing to stop moshing and enter into some rather contemplative, even tender territory\", and wrote that \"the songs tend to drift in places, and some get a bit long-winded, but the overall balance between the harsh and the sweet makes for a strong and distinctive package\". Lorraine Ali of \"Rolling Stone\" called the album \"a strong, multidimensional extension of \"Gish\" that confirms that Smashing Pumpkins are neither sellouts nor one-offs. \" \"Entertainment Weekly\" critic David Browne praised the band for living up to industry expectations of being the \"next Nirvana\" and compared \"Siamese Dream\" favorably to Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", concluding: \" In aiming for more than just another alternative guitar record, Smashing Pumpkins may have stumbled upon a whole new stance: slackers with a vision.\" Critic Simon Reynolds disagreed; he wrote in his review for \"The New York Times\" that \"fuzzed-up riffs and angst-wracked vocals are quite the norm these days, and Smashing Pumpkins lacks the zeitgeist-defining edge that made Nirvana's breakthrough so thrilling and resonant.\" Robert Christgau of \"The Village Voice\" cited \"Geek U.S.A.\" and \"Today\" as highlights while noting the record's strength is \"the sonics\"; he later rated the album with a . \" Siamese Dream\" earned The Smashing Pumpkins their first Grammy Award nominations. The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Performance, and the group was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance with Vocal at the 36th Annual Grammy Awards.", "Mayonaise (song) \"Mayonaise\" is a song by The Smashing Pumpkins, first officially released on the 1993 breakthrough album \"Siamese Dream\". It was written by Billy Corgan and James Iha and was recorded from December 1992 to March 1993 at Triclops Sound Studios. According to Corgan, the whistling sound (feedback) heard in \"Mayonaise\" came from a cheap guitar he bought, which, whenever he stopped playing it, created the whistling sound. This sound was then incorporated into the song. Corgan apparently got the title for the song after he looked \"in [his] refrigerator\". Later, he stated in an interview with a Colombian radio station that the name stands for the phonetics of 'My Own Eyes'. Despite having garnered considerable radio play and remaining a fan favorite, \"Mayonaise\" was never an officially released single. In 2012 it won a Rolling Stone readers poll for \"The Best Smashing Pumpkins Songs\" by \"a significant margin\". Iha stated that he \"...came up with those chords and did a demo of it, it was an instrumental demo of the song. I played it for Billy and he liked it, he came up with the vocal melody and the lyrics. We worked on the arrangement together.\" Several versions of the song are available. Before being officially released on \"Siamese Dream\", an acoustic mix (labeled as an outtake) of the \"Siamese Dream\" recording was featured on the Mashed Potatoes box set given to friends in 1993-1994. It was also a part of the official promos \"Still Becoming Apart\" and \"The Smashing Pumpkins 1991-1998\", with a slightly phased acoustic guitar part and a tambourine. Most recently, a live acoustic version was released on \"Earphoria\" and the Vieuphoria video.", "Rocket (The Smashing Pumpkins song) \"Rocket\" is a song by American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. It was the fourth and final single from their second album, \"Siamese Dream\", and was written by Billy Corgan. The song charted in Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, as well as on the US \"Billboard\" Album Rock Tracks chart. It was one of the few singles that did not appear on the Smashing Pumpkins' greatest hits album \"Rotten Apples\". Corgan once commented, \"Rocket\" is a rock song. Being more melodic than \"Siamese Dream\" single \"Cherub Rock\" and the band's \"Gish\"-era work in the vein of the track, it was described as a \"standard Pumpkins fuzzed-out heavy blissness.\" The song also features a repetitive guitar line pulsing through, creating a wall of sound effect. A seven-inch vinyl record was released in the United Kingdom as part of the \"Siamese Singles\" box set, and on its own. Its B-side (not taken from the album) was a cover version of the Depeche Mode song \" Never Let Me Down Again. \" The CD single was commercially released only in Australia and is considered a valuable rarity by fans of the band. Promo CD singles, with no B-side songs, were also released in the United States and Spain. The single included a cover of \"Never Let Me Down Again\" by Depeche Mode. The song was recorded by request of bassist D'arcy Wretzky who is a long-time Depeche Mode fan. It was recorded at the BBC, perhaps in one take. It featured on the Depeche Mode tribute album \"For the Masses\", as well as the soundtrack for the film \"Not Another Teen Movie\"."], "answer": {"text": "Amid this environment of intense internal pressure for the band to break through to widespread popularity, the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992", "answer_start": 425}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992 to begin work on their second album, with Butch Vig returning as producer.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "Despite all the problems in its recording, Siamese Dream debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 chart, and sold over four million copies in the U.S. alone.", "answer_start": 1587, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#4", "question": "What happened after the relocated?", "rewrite": "What happened after The Smashing Pumpkins relocated to Georgia in 1992?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "List of awards and nominations received by the Smashing Pumpkins This is a list of awards and nominations received by The Smashing Pumpkins. The American Music Award is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to present the Grammy Awards expired. The Antville Music Video Awards are online awards for the best music video and music video directors of the year. They were first awarded in 2005. The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Design and Art Direction (\"D&AD\") is a British educational charity which exists to promote excellence in design and advertising. Delivered since 1991. The GAFFA Awards (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music, awarded by the GAFFA magazine. The Grammy Award is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The Smashing Pumpkins have received eleven nominations and winning two times in the Best Hard Rock Performance category. The Juno Award are presented annually to Canadians musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. Lunas del Auditorio are sponsored by The National Auditorium in Mexico to honor the best live shows in the country. The MTV Europe Music Awards are an event presented by Viacom International Media Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. The Smashing Pumpkins have received fifteen nominations and eight wins. The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos. The NME Awards were created by the \"NME\" magazine and was first held in 1953. The Smashing Pumpkins has received two nominations.", "In March 2010, Pooley left The Smashing Pumpkins to focus on her family, stating: Ginger made a guest appearance during the Smashing Pumpkins' Record Store Day performance on April 17, 2010 in Hollywood, CA. She briefly returned to her duties and played bass during the rendition of \"Bullet with Butterfly Wings\". She also played bass for Glee Live in 2010 and 2011 and is working on a solo EP. During The Smashing Pumpkins' concert on February 16, 2008, at the O2 Arena in London, Billy Corgan announced that Reyes had recently become engaged. She married Kristopher Pooley June 22, 2008, in Los Angeles. Kris is a professional musician who toured as Gwen Stefani's keyboardist and joined the Smashing Pumpkins on their 2008 20th Anniversary tour. On April 6, 2009, it was announced on The Smashing Pumpkins' official website that Ginger and her husband Kris were expecting their first child later that year. It was announced via Twitter that on October 17, 2009, she gave birth to a baby girl, Talula Victoria Pooley.", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)"], "answer": {"text": "The decision to record so far away from their hometown was motivated partly by the band's desire to avoid friends and distractions during the recording,", "answer_start": 660}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992 to begin work on their second album, with Butch Vig returning as producer.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "Despite all the problems in its recording, Siamese Dream debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 chart, and sold over four million copies in the U.S. alone.", "answer_start": 1587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Amid this environment of intense internal pressure for the band to break through to widespread popularity, the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#5", "question": "What is a single that they released?", "rewrite": "What is a single that The Smashing Pumpkins released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kerry Brown (musician)  Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010) <br> <br> \u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)"], "answer": {"text": "Indie rock band Pavement's 1994 song \"Range Life\" directly mocks the band in its lyrics, although Stephen Malkmus, lead singer of Pavement, has stated, \"I never dissed their music.", "answer_start": 164}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992 to begin work on their second album, with Butch Vig returning as producer.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "Despite all the problems in its recording, Siamese Dream debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 chart, and sold over four million copies in the U.S. alone.", "answer_start": 1587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Amid this environment of intense internal pressure for the band to break through to widespread popularity, the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the relocated?", "answer": {"text": "The decision to record so far away from their hometown was motivated partly by the band's desire to avoid friends and distractions during the recording,", "answer_start": 660, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#6", "question": "What was the response from the band?", "rewrite": "What was the response from The Smashing Pumpkins when Indie rock band Pavement mocked the band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "List of the Smashing Pumpkins band members The Smashing Pumpkins are an alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988. The band was formed by guitarist/vocalist Billy Corgan and guitarist James Iha after the demise of Corgan's first band, the Marked. Since its inception, the Smashing Pumpkins has gone through multiple line-up changes, with Corgan the only consistent member. After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. The pair soon began writing songs together with the aid of a drum machine. Corgan met bassist D'arcy Wretzky in mid 1988 after a show by the Dan Reed Network where they argued the merits of the band. After finding out Wretzky played bass, Corgan stated his band's need for a bassist and gave Wretzky his telephone number. Wretzky soon joined the band, and she and Iha later had a short-lived romance. The first performance of the Smashing Pumpkins was on July 9, 1988, at the Polish bar Chicago 21. This performance included only Corgan and Iha with a drum machine. On August 10, 1988, the band played for the first time as a trio at the Avalon Nightclub. After this show, Cabaret Metro owner Joe Shanahan agreed to book the band on the condition that they replace the drum machine with a live drummer. Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recruited for the band after a recommendation from a friend of Corgan's. On October 5, 1988, the complete band took the stage for the first time at the Cabaret Metro.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Kerry Brown (musician)  Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover"], "answer": {"text": "Husker Du frontman Bob Mould called them \"the grunge Monkees\", and fellow Chicago musician/producer Steve Albini wrote a scathing letter", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992 to begin work on their second album, with Butch Vig returning as producer.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "Despite all the problems in its recording, Siamese Dream debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 chart, and sold over four million copies in the U.S. alone.", "answer_start": 1587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Amid this environment of intense internal pressure for the band to break through to widespread popularity, the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the relocated?", "answer": {"text": "The decision to record so far away from their hometown was motivated partly by the band's desire to avoid friends and distractions during the recording,", "answer_start": 660, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single that they released?", "answer": {"text": "Indie rock band Pavement's 1994 song \"Range Life\" directly mocks the band in its lyrics, although Stephen Malkmus, lead singer of Pavement, has stated, \"I never dissed their music.", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_98c54be7b9924dd3a4d7afcce7c5c7f8_0_q#7", "question": "Was there any band member changes during this time?", "rewrite": "Was there any band member changes for The Smashing Pumpkins during 1992-1994?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Kerry Brown (musician)  Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover"], "answer": {"text": "Corgan's depression, meanwhile, had deepened to the point where he contemplated suicide, and he compensated by practically living in the studio.", "answer_start": 1226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was The Smashing Pumpkins breakout song?", "answer": {"text": "With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992 to begin work on their second album, with Butch Vig returning as producer.", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the album called?", "answer": {"text": "Despite all the problems in its recording, Siamese Dream debuted at number ten on the Billboard 200 chart, and sold over four million copies in the U.S. alone.", "answer_start": 1587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Amid this environment of intense internal pressure for the band to break through to widespread popularity, the band relocated to Marietta, Georgia in late 1992", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after the relocated?", "answer": {"text": "The decision to record so far away from their hometown was motivated partly by the band's desire to avoid friends and distractions during the recording,", "answer_start": 660, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a single that they released?", "answer": {"text": "Indie rock band Pavement's 1994 song \"Range Life\" directly mocks the band in its lyrics, although Stephen Malkmus, lead singer of Pavement, has stated, \"I never dissed their music.", "answer_start": 164, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the response from the band?", "answer": {"text": "Husker Du frontman Bob Mould called them \"the grunge Monkees\", and fellow Chicago musician/producer Steve Albini wrote a scathing letter", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_61a01082d6644e48a1a610e4454fb9a6_1_q#0", "question": "What did David Vitter have to do with sex workers?", "rewrite": "What did David Vitter have to do with sex workers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Conway began the race trailing Paul, but as he attacked his opponent's positions on social-welfare and criminal-justice policies, the polls began to tighten. The campaign attracted $8.5 million in contributions from outside groups, of which $6 million was spent to help Rand Paul and $2.5 million to help Conway. This money influx was in addition to the money spent by the candidates themselves: $6 million by Paul and $4.7 million by Conway. Incumbent Republican David Vitter won re-election to a second term. Some speculated that Vitter's re-election might have become complicated, by the prostitution scandal revealed in 2007, but he continued to lead in aggregate polling against potential opponents. Melan\u00e7on heavily criticized Vitter for prostitution sex scandal. Vitter released television advertising criticizing Melancon for his support for Obama's stimulus package and his support for amnesty for illegal immigrants. Melancon claimed \"In August, Melancon challenged Vitter to a series of five live, televised town hall-style debates across the state. In his 2004 campaign for Senate, Vitter committed to five live, televised debates. Since Melancon issued the challenge, Vitter and Melancon have been invited to a total of seven live, televised debates. Vitter only accepted invitations to debates hosted by WWL-TV and WDSU-TV, both in New Orleans.\" Incumbent Democrat Barbara Mikulski won re-election to a fifth term. Republican nominee Eric Wargotz, Queen Anne's County Commissioner and physician, compared Mikulski to a dinosaur by calling her a political \"insidersaurus\" for being in Washington for over thirty years. An ad showed a hammer hitting a brick wall, breaking it down and citing criticisms of Mikulski's record as a U.S. Senator.", "Fleming was unopposed by a Democratic candidate in his 2012 re-election bid in his district that is 2 to 1 Democratic registration but had a Cook PVI of R +11. In the November 6, 2012, general election, Fleming instead faced opposition from a Libertarian candidate, Randall Lord of Shreveport, a former chiropractor studying psychology at Louisiana State University in Shreveport. Fleming defeated Lord, 187,790 (75.3 percent) to 61,587 (24.7 percent). Lord was subsequently sentenced to 46 months in federal prison for financial scams related to illegal narcotic drug distribution. On April 4, 2013, Fleming announced that he would not in 2014 seek the United States Senate held since 1997 by the Democratic Mary Landrieu. Instead his colleague, U.S. Representative Bill Cassidy of Baton Rouge, had announced on April 3 that he would challenge Landrieu. In his statement, Fleming said: \"For me to enter the race now would risk a contest between two experienced Republican congressmen, potentially offering Senator Landrieu a path back to Washington. I can't let that happen.\" On December 10, 2014, KTBS, a Shreveport based ABC television station, reported that Fleming was considering running for the Senate seat held by David Vitter, who ran in the 2015 gubernatorial election. Vitter would have had to vacate his seat had he been elected as governor. In a statement, Fleming said \"If Senator Vitter is elected as Governor, I would certainly be interested in running for the seat he would vacate.\" On December 7, 2015, Fleming officially announced his candidacy for the United States Senate. He was a candidate to succeed fellow Republican David Vitter, who did not seek a third term in 2016. Vitter lost the gubernatorial runoff election on November 21, 2015, to the Democrat John Bel Edwards.", "2004 United States Senate election in Louisiana The 2004 United States Senate election in Louisiana was held on November 2, 2004. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John Breaux decided to retire after three terms in office. Republican U.S. Representative David Vitter won the jungle primary with 51% of the vote and avoided a runoff, becoming the first ever Republican to be popularly elected to the U.S. Senate from Louisiana. Breaux, considered the most popular politician in Louisiana, endorsed Chris John prior to the jungle primary. During the campaign, Vitter was accused by a member of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee of having had a lengthy affair with a prostitute in New Orleans. Vitter responded that the allegation was \"absolutely and completely untrue\" and that it was \"just crass Louisiana politics. \" The allegation later turned out to be true. Vitter won the Louisiana jungle primary with 51% of the vote, avoiding the need for a runoff. John received 29.2% of the vote and Kennedy (no relation to the Massachusetts Kennedys), took 14.9%. Vitter won at least a plurality in 56 of Louisiana's 64 parishes. John carried nine parishes, all but two of which (Iberville and Orleans) are part of the House district he represented. Kennedy changed parties and unsuccessfully ran as Republican in 2008 against Louisiana's senior Senator, Democrat Mary Landrieu, but he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016 upon Vitter's retirement. Vitter was the first Republican in Louisiana to be popularly elected as a U.S. Senator. The previous Republican Senator, William Pitt Kellogg, was chosen by the state legislature in 1876, in accordance with the process used before the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1914.", "Among its leaders was the Republican political activist and longtime Treen supporter, Beth Rickey of New Orleans and the journalist Quin Hillyer. In 1999, Treen attempted a political comeback by running for the U.S. House. By this time, his home in Mandeville had been drawn into the 1st District. That seat was being vacated by Representative Bob Livingston, who left Congress in a sex scandal amid the House vote on the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. This was the eighth election that Treen's name appeared on a Louisiana ballot for Congress. In the special election with David Duke, also trying to score a comeback, and Republican State Representative David Vitter, Treen finished first with 36,719 votes (25%) to Vitter's 31,741 (22%) and Duke's 28,055 (19%). (Six other candidates, including New Orleans businessman Rob Couhig, shared the remaining 33% of the votes cast.) In the low-turnout special election runoff, Vitter defeated Treen, 61,661 ballots (51%) to 59,849 (49%), a margin of 1,812 votes. The race against Vitter was a bitter contest, with attacks flying back and forth. Many of Vitter's colleagues in the state legislature supported Treen and charged that Vitter was difficult to work with as a legislator. Duke, hoping to damage Treen's chances, endorsed the former governor, and Vitter won the seat. In 2005, Vitter left the House to become the first Republican to be elected to the U.S. Senate from Louisiana since Reconstruction. Treen declared that he would run for governor again in the 2003 election, at the age of 75, but the party leadership coalesced behind Bobby Jindal.", "International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers is observed annually on December 17 by sex workers, their advocates, friends, families and allies. Originally conceived as a memorial and vigil for the victims of the Green River Killer in Seattle Washington, United States (US), it has evolved into an annual international event. The day calls attention to hate crimes committed against sex workers worldwide, as well as the need to remove the social stigma and discrimination that have contributed to violence against sex workers and indifference from the communities they are part of. Sex worker activists also state that custom and prohibitionist laws perpetuate such violence. First observed in 2003, the International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers was founded by Dr. Annie Sprinkle and the Sex Workers Outreach Project USA (SWOP-USA), an American sex worker rights organization. In a public letter, Sprinkle states: Violent crimes against sex workers go underreported, unaddressed and unpunished. There really are people who don't care when prostitutes are victims of hate crimes, beaten, raped, and murdered. No matter what you think about sex workers and the politics surrounding them, sex workers are a part of our neighborhoods, communities and families. The red umbrella is an important symbol for sex worker rights and is used for events that are held on December 17. The red umbrella symbol was first used by sex workers in Venice, Italy in 2001. Slovenian artist Tadej Pogacar collaborated with sex workers to create the \"Prostitute Pavilion\" and CODE: RED art installation for the 49th Venice Biennale of Art. Sex workers also held a street demonstration, the Red Umbrellas March, to protest inhumane work conditions and human rights abuses. The International Committee on the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe (ICRSE) adopted the red umbrella as a symbol of resistance to discrimination in 2005."], "answer": {"text": "a company owned and run by Deborah Jeane Palfrey, also known as the \"D.C. Madam\", who was convicted by the U.S. government for running a prostitution service.", "answer_start": 125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_61a01082d6644e48a1a610e4454fb9a6_1_q#1", "question": "were people supportive of this?", "rewrite": "Were people supportive of the prostitution service?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Her original three-year sentence prompted widespread outrage at her harsh punishment, while her customers had not been punished. Earlier, in the 1980s, a member of Philadelphia's social elite, Sydney Biddle Barrows was revealed as a madam in New York City. She became known as the Mayflower Madam. In 1990, U.S. Representative Barney Frank (D-MA) admitted to paying for sex in 1989. The House of Representatives voted to reprimand him. Ted Haggard, former leader of the National Association of Evangelicals, resigned in 2006 after he was accused of soliciting homosexual sex and methamphetamine. Randall L. Tobias, former Director of U.S. Foreign Assistance and U.S. Agency for International Development Administrator, resigned in 2007 after being accused of patronizing a Washington escort service. In 2007, U.S. Senator from Louisiana David Vitter acknowledged past transgressions after his name was listed as a client of \"D.C. Madam\" Deborah Jeane Palfrey's prostitution service in Washington. Eliot Spitzer resigned as governor of New York in 2008 amid threats of impeachment after news reports alleged he was a client of an international prostitution ring. In 2009, Rhode Island signed a bill into law making prostitution a misdemeanor. Prior to this law, between 1980 and 2009, Rhode Island was the only U.S. state where prostitution was decriminalized, as long as it was done indoors. (See Prostitution in Rhode Island). In 2014, due to the stagnant economy in Puerto Rico, the government considered legalizing prostitution. In 2018, economist Robin Hanson suggested that the legalization of prostitution may solve the problem of inceldom.", "List of red-light districts Red-light districts are areas associated with the sex industry and sex-oriented businesses (e.g. sex shops and strip clubs). In some of these places prostitution occurs, whether legally or illegally. The enforcement of prostitution laws varies by region. Following is a partial list of well known red-light districts around the world, both current and historical. Prostitution is legal but third party involvement is prohibited. Prostitution is not specifically prohibited by the law, but soliciting and pimping are illegal. Prostitution in Egypt is illegal. Prostitution in Ivory Coast is legal. Prostitution is illegal. Prostitution in Mauritania is illegal. Prostitution is illegal. Prostitution is illegal. Prostitution in regulated. Prostitution in Bangladesh is legal and regulated. Prostitution is illegal, but tolerated. Prostitution is illegal. Prostitution itself is not illegal but operating a brothel is illegal. Prostitution is not illegal when performed by a person acting alone in private but public solicitation, brothels and pimping are illegal (however in practice prostitution is tolerated and regulated). Prostitution is illegal in non-regulated areas. Prostitution is legal in some locations (including pimping and maintaining a brothel). Prostitution in Iran is illegal, and incurs various punishments ranging from fines and jail terms to execution for repeat offenders. Prostitution is illegal but narrowly defined. Many sexual acts for pay that would be considered to be prostitution in other countries are legal. Prostitution is illegal. Prostitution is legal but pimping and operating a brothel are illegal. Prostitution is illegal, but in practice it is tolerated and regulated. Prostitution in most of Malaysia is legal and widespread, though there are laws against prostitution-related activities. However, prostitution is illegal in Malaysia's Kelantan state. Prostitution is illegal, but in practice it is somewhat tolerated although not regulated. Prostitution is illegal, but widespread and generally tolerated.", "Night Shift (1982 film) Night Shift is a 1982 American comedy film, directed by Ron Howard, concerning a timid night shift morgue employee whose life is turned upside down by a new co-worker who fancies himself a free-spirited entrepreneur. It stars Howard's \"Happy Days\" co-star Henry Winkler along with Michael Keaton, in his first starring role, and Shelley Long. Also appearing are Richard Belzer and Clint Howard; and there are brief scenes with a young Kevin Costner as \"Frat Boy #1,\" Shannen Doherty as a Bluebell scout, Vincent Schiavelli as a man who delivers a sandwich, and Charles Fleischer as one of the jail prisoners. Winkler was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor \u2013 Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, while Keaton won the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Charles \u201cChuck\u201d Lumley (Winkler), formerly a successful stockbroker, has found a refuge from the ulcer-inducing Wall Street rat race in his job as an attendant at the New York City morgue. His displeasure at being \"promoted\" to Night Shift Supervisor to make room for his boss' nephew Leonard (Di Cicco) is exacerbated by the irrational exuberance of Bill \"Blaze\" Blazejowski (Keaton), his new co-worker. They are inspired by the plight of Chuck's prostitute neighbor, Belinda, to apply Chuck's financial acumen and Bill's entrepreneurial spirit to open a prostitution service headquartered at the morgue. Chuck falls in love with Belinda (Long), but their relationship becomes complicated when Belinda refuses to quit prostitution. Chuck's passiveness keeps him from telling Belinda he loves her.", "\" The authors used the term \"harm minimization\" to describe the objective of the government at the time. When the oppositional Coalition government was elected in 1992 it decided to retain the legislation. Sullivan and Jeffries also wrote in the 2001 report that the legislation change of 1984 created new problems: Ongoing adjustments to legislation became necessary as state policy makers attempted to deal with a myriad of unforeseen issues that are not addressed by treating prostitution as commercial sex\u2014child prostitution, trafficking of women, the exploitation and abuse of prostituted women by big business. Furthermore, according to Sullivan and Jeffries:   In their conclusion, the two authors wrote: The reality is that prostitution cannot be made respectable. Legalisation does not make it so. Prostitution is an industry that arises from the historical subordination of women and the historical right of men to buy and exchange women simply as objects for sexual use. It thrives on poverty, drug abuse, the trafficking in vulnerable women and children... Legalisation compounds the harms of prostitution rather than relieving them. It is not the answer. In November 2005, 95 licensed brothels existed in Victoria and a total of 2007 small owner-operators were registered in the state (Of these, 2003 were escort agents, two were brothels, and two were combined brothels and escort agents.) Of the 95 licensed brothels, 505 rooms existed and four rooms were located in small exempt brothels. Of 157 licensed prostitution service providers (i.e. operators), 47 were brothels, 23 were escort agencies and 87 were combined brothel-escort agencies. In March 2011, government data showed the existence of 98 licensed brothels in Victoria.", "\"Karayuki-san\" was the name given to Japanese girls and women in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who were trafficked from poverty stricken agricultural prefectures in Japan to destinations in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Siberia (Russian Far East), Manchuria, and British India to serve as prostitutes and sexually serviced men from a variety of races, including Chinese, Europeans, native Southeast Asians, and others. Immediately after World War II, the Recreation and Amusement Association was formed by Naruhiko Higashikuni's government to organize brothels to serve the Allied armed forces occupying Japan. On 19 August 1945, the Home Ministry ordered local government offices to establish a prostitution service for Allied soldiers to preserve the \"purity\" of the Japanese race. This prostitution system was similar to the comfort system, because the Japanese police force was responsible for mobilizing the women to serve in these stations similarly to the way that Japanese Military during the Pacific War mobilized women. The police forces mobilized both licensed and unlicensed prostitutes to serve in these camps. The official declaration stated that \"Through the sacrifice of thousands of 'Okichis' of the Sh\u014dwa era, we shall construct a dike to hold back the mad frenzy of the occupation troops and cultivate and preserve the purity of our race long into the future. \" Such clubs were soon established by cabinet councilor Yoshio Kodama and Ryoichi Sasakawa. SCAP abolished the licensed prostitution system (including the RAA) in 1946, which led to the so-called system, under which licensed nightlife establishments offered sexual services under the guise of being an ordinary club or cafe. Local police authorities traditionally regulated the location of such establishments by drawing red lines on a map. In other areas, so-called \"blue line\" establishments offered sexual services under the guise of being restaurants, bars or other less strictly-regulated establishments."], "answer": {"text": "written statement in which he took responsibility for his \"sin\" and asked for forgiveness.", "answer_start": 425}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did David Vitter have to do with sex workers?", "answer": {"text": "a company owned and run by Deborah Jeane Palfrey, also known as the \"D.C. Madam\", who was convicted by the U.S. government for running a prostitution service.", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61a01082d6644e48a1a610e4454fb9a6_1_q#2", "question": "Did the people forgive him for hiring sex workers?", "rewrite": "Did the people forgive David Vitter for hiring sex workers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fleming was unopposed by a Democratic candidate in his 2012 re-election bid in his district that is 2 to 1 Democratic registration but had a Cook PVI of R +11. In the November 6, 2012, general election, Fleming instead faced opposition from a Libertarian candidate, Randall Lord of Shreveport, a former chiropractor studying psychology at Louisiana State University in Shreveport. Fleming defeated Lord, 187,790 (75.3 percent) to 61,587 (24.7 percent). Lord was subsequently sentenced to 46 months in federal prison for financial scams related to illegal narcotic drug distribution. On April 4, 2013, Fleming announced that he would not in 2014 seek the United States Senate held since 1997 by the Democratic Mary Landrieu. Instead his colleague, U.S. Representative Bill Cassidy of Baton Rouge, had announced on April 3 that he would challenge Landrieu. In his statement, Fleming said: \"For me to enter the race now would risk a contest between two experienced Republican congressmen, potentially offering Senator Landrieu a path back to Washington. I can't let that happen.\" On December 10, 2014, KTBS, a Shreveport based ABC television station, reported that Fleming was considering running for the Senate seat held by David Vitter, who ran in the 2015 gubernatorial election. Vitter would have had to vacate his seat had he been elected as governor. In a statement, Fleming said \"If Senator Vitter is elected as Governor, I would certainly be interested in running for the seat he would vacate.\" On December 7, 2015, Fleming officially announced his candidacy for the United States Senate. He was a candidate to succeed fellow Republican David Vitter, who did not seek a third term in 2016. Vitter lost the gubernatorial runoff election on November 21, 2015, to the Democrat John Bel Edwards.", "2004 United States Senate election in Louisiana The 2004 United States Senate election in Louisiana was held on November 2, 2004. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John Breaux decided to retire after three terms in office. Republican U.S. Representative David Vitter won the jungle primary with 51% of the vote and avoided a runoff, becoming the first ever Republican to be popularly elected to the U.S. Senate from Louisiana. Breaux, considered the most popular politician in Louisiana, endorsed Chris John prior to the jungle primary. During the campaign, Vitter was accused by a member of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee of having had a lengthy affair with a prostitute in New Orleans. Vitter responded that the allegation was \"absolutely and completely untrue\" and that it was \"just crass Louisiana politics. \" The allegation later turned out to be true. Vitter won the Louisiana jungle primary with 51% of the vote, avoiding the need for a runoff. John received 29.2% of the vote and Kennedy (no relation to the Massachusetts Kennedys), took 14.9%. Vitter won at least a plurality in 56 of Louisiana's 64 parishes. John carried nine parishes, all but two of which (Iberville and Orleans) are part of the House district he represented. Kennedy changed parties and unsuccessfully ran as Republican in 2008 against Louisiana's senior Senator, Democrat Mary Landrieu, but he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016 upon Vitter's retirement. Vitter was the first Republican in Louisiana to be popularly elected as a U.S. Senator. The previous Republican Senator, William Pitt Kellogg, was chosen by the state legislature in 1876, in accordance with the process used before the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1914.", "International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers is observed annually on December 17 by sex workers, their advocates, friends, families and allies. Originally conceived as a memorial and vigil for the victims of the Green River Killer in Seattle Washington, United States (US), it has evolved into an annual international event. The day calls attention to hate crimes committed against sex workers worldwide, as well as the need to remove the social stigma and discrimination that have contributed to violence against sex workers and indifference from the communities they are part of. Sex worker activists also state that custom and prohibitionist laws perpetuate such violence. First observed in 2003, the International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers was founded by Dr. Annie Sprinkle and the Sex Workers Outreach Project USA (SWOP-USA), an American sex worker rights organization. In a public letter, Sprinkle states: Violent crimes against sex workers go underreported, unaddressed and unpunished. There really are people who don't care when prostitutes are victims of hate crimes, beaten, raped, and murdered. No matter what you think about sex workers and the politics surrounding them, sex workers are a part of our neighborhoods, communities and families. The red umbrella is an important symbol for sex worker rights and is used for events that are held on December 17. The red umbrella symbol was first used by sex workers in Venice, Italy in 2001. Slovenian artist Tadej Pogacar collaborated with sex workers to create the \"Prostitute Pavilion\" and CODE: RED art installation for the 49th Venice Biennale of Art. Sex workers also held a street demonstration, the Red Umbrellas March, to protest inhumane work conditions and human rights abuses. The International Committee on the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe (ICRSE) adopted the red umbrella as a symbol of resistance to discrimination in 2005.", "Among its leaders was the Republican political activist and longtime Treen supporter, Beth Rickey of New Orleans and the journalist Quin Hillyer. In 1999, Treen attempted a political comeback by running for the U.S. House. By this time, his home in Mandeville had been drawn into the 1st District. That seat was being vacated by Representative Bob Livingston, who left Congress in a sex scandal amid the House vote on the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. This was the eighth election that Treen's name appeared on a Louisiana ballot for Congress. In the special election with David Duke, also trying to score a comeback, and Republican State Representative David Vitter, Treen finished first with 36,719 votes (25%) to Vitter's 31,741 (22%) and Duke's 28,055 (19%). (Six other candidates, including New Orleans businessman Rob Couhig, shared the remaining 33% of the votes cast.) In the low-turnout special election runoff, Vitter defeated Treen, 61,661 ballots (51%) to 59,849 (49%), a margin of 1,812 votes. The race against Vitter was a bitter contest, with attacks flying back and forth. Many of Vitter's colleagues in the state legislature supported Treen and charged that Vitter was difficult to work with as a legislator. Duke, hoping to damage Treen's chances, endorsed the former governor, and Vitter won the seat. In 2005, Vitter left the House to become the first Republican to be elected to the U.S. Senate from Louisiana since Reconstruction. Treen declared that he would run for governor again in the 2003 election, at the age of 75, but the party leadership coalesced behind Bobby Jindal.", "Conway began the race trailing Paul, but as he attacked his opponent's positions on social-welfare and criminal-justice policies, the polls began to tighten. The campaign attracted $8.5 million in contributions from outside groups, of which $6 million was spent to help Rand Paul and $2.5 million to help Conway. This money influx was in addition to the money spent by the candidates themselves: $6 million by Paul and $4.7 million by Conway. Incumbent Republican David Vitter won re-election to a second term. Some speculated that Vitter's re-election might have become complicated, by the prostitution scandal revealed in 2007, but he continued to lead in aggregate polling against potential opponents. Melan\u00e7on heavily criticized Vitter for prostitution sex scandal. Vitter released television advertising criticizing Melancon for his support for Obama's stimulus package and his support for amnesty for illegal immigrants. Melancon claimed \"In August, Melancon challenged Vitter to a series of five live, televised town hall-style debates across the state. In his 2004 campaign for Senate, Vitter committed to five live, televised debates. Since Melancon issued the challenge, Vitter and Melancon have been invited to a total of seven live, televised debates. Vitter only accepted invitations to debates hosted by WWL-TV and WDSU-TV, both in New Orleans.\" Incumbent Democrat Barbara Mikulski won re-election to a fifth term. Republican nominee Eric Wargotz, Queen Anne's County Commissioner and physician, compared Mikulski to a dinosaur by calling her a political \"insidersaurus\" for being in Washington for over thirty years. An ad showed a hammer hitting a brick wall, breaking it down and citing criticisms of Mikulski's record as a U.S. Senator."], "answer": {"text": "after a week of self-imposed seclusion, Vitter emerged and called a news conference. As his wife stood next to him, Vitter asked the public for forgiveness.", "answer_start": 534}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did David Vitter have to do with sex workers?", "answer": {"text": "a company owned and run by Deborah Jeane Palfrey, also known as the \"D.C. Madam\", who was convicted by the U.S. government for running a prostitution service.", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were people supportive of this?", "answer": {"text": "written statement in which he took responsibility for his \"sin\" and asked for forgiveness.", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61a01082d6644e48a1a610e4454fb9a6_1_q#3", "question": "How did it affect his career?", "rewrite": "How did hiring sex workers affect David Vitter's career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers is observed annually on December 17 by sex workers, their advocates, friends, families and allies. Originally conceived as a memorial and vigil for the victims of the Green River Killer in Seattle Washington, United States (US), it has evolved into an annual international event. The day calls attention to hate crimes committed against sex workers worldwide, as well as the need to remove the social stigma and discrimination that have contributed to violence against sex workers and indifference from the communities they are part of. Sex worker activists also state that custom and prohibitionist laws perpetuate such violence. First observed in 2003, the International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers was founded by Dr. Annie Sprinkle and the Sex Workers Outreach Project USA (SWOP-USA), an American sex worker rights organization. In a public letter, Sprinkle states: Violent crimes against sex workers go underreported, unaddressed and unpunished. There really are people who don't care when prostitutes are victims of hate crimes, beaten, raped, and murdered. No matter what you think about sex workers and the politics surrounding them, sex workers are a part of our neighborhoods, communities and families. The red umbrella is an important symbol for sex worker rights and is used for events that are held on December 17. The red umbrella symbol was first used by sex workers in Venice, Italy in 2001. Slovenian artist Tadej Pogacar collaborated with sex workers to create the \"Prostitute Pavilion\" and CODE: RED art installation for the 49th Venice Biennale of Art. Sex workers also held a street demonstration, the Red Umbrellas March, to protest inhumane work conditions and human rights abuses. The International Committee on the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe (ICRSE) adopted the red umbrella as a symbol of resistance to discrimination in 2005.", "Among its leaders was the Republican political activist and longtime Treen supporter, Beth Rickey of New Orleans and the journalist Quin Hillyer. In 1999, Treen attempted a political comeback by running for the U.S. House. By this time, his home in Mandeville had been drawn into the 1st District. That seat was being vacated by Representative Bob Livingston, who left Congress in a sex scandal amid the House vote on the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. This was the eighth election that Treen's name appeared on a Louisiana ballot for Congress. In the special election with David Duke, also trying to score a comeback, and Republican State Representative David Vitter, Treen finished first with 36,719 votes (25%) to Vitter's 31,741 (22%) and Duke's 28,055 (19%). (Six other candidates, including New Orleans businessman Rob Couhig, shared the remaining 33% of the votes cast.) In the low-turnout special election runoff, Vitter defeated Treen, 61,661 ballots (51%) to 59,849 (49%), a margin of 1,812 votes. The race against Vitter was a bitter contest, with attacks flying back and forth. Many of Vitter's colleagues in the state legislature supported Treen and charged that Vitter was difficult to work with as a legislator. Duke, hoping to damage Treen's chances, endorsed the former governor, and Vitter won the seat. In 2005, Vitter left the House to become the first Republican to be elected to the U.S. Senate from Louisiana since Reconstruction. Treen declared that he would run for governor again in the 2003 election, at the age of 75, but the party leadership coalesced behind Bobby Jindal.", "Police abuse of sex workers in the United States Police are often a significant source of abuse for sex workers, particularly poor sex workers. One study found that sex workers with greater police oversight were more likely to be obliged to provide free sexual services to the police than sex workers with less police oversight. For some groups of sex workers in some locations in the U.S., police are the primary source of violence. Police may be the most abusive towards sex workers who have experienced the most victimization from other sources; a study found that sex workers who had been manipulated, coerced, or forced into sex work were more likely to suffer police abuse than sex workers who chose to enter sex work. Police abuse can have long-lasting consequences; when police falsely arrest someone for prostitution, the resulting criminal record may make it difficult for that person to find jobs or get housing. Incarceration and court attendance for false charges can disrupt efforts to pursue careers outside of sex work, as when a student misses classes. Seemingly innocuous actions can affect safety; when officers tell sex workers to \"move along\", the workers often end up in areas where they feel less safe. When police target an HIV+ person for repeated arrests, they may prevent the person from going to scheduled appointments with health care providers, and jail disrupts medication routines. And sometimes abuse creates physical harm that is immediate and intentional, as when police officers physically assault a sex worker without evidence of crime and without making an arrest. This article lists government investigations, research reports, and news articles that describe police abuse of sex workers in the United States, and gives a description of the relevant information from each document. People in Alaska's Sex Trade: Their Lived Experiences and Policy Recommendations Tara Burns Undated This is a summary report. There's an email address in the report if you want access to all the data or have questions.", "Fleming was unopposed by a Democratic candidate in his 2012 re-election bid in his district that is 2 to 1 Democratic registration but had a Cook PVI of R +11. In the November 6, 2012, general election, Fleming instead faced opposition from a Libertarian candidate, Randall Lord of Shreveport, a former chiropractor studying psychology at Louisiana State University in Shreveport. Fleming defeated Lord, 187,790 (75.3 percent) to 61,587 (24.7 percent). Lord was subsequently sentenced to 46 months in federal prison for financial scams related to illegal narcotic drug distribution. On April 4, 2013, Fleming announced that he would not in 2014 seek the United States Senate held since 1997 by the Democratic Mary Landrieu. Instead his colleague, U.S. Representative Bill Cassidy of Baton Rouge, had announced on April 3 that he would challenge Landrieu. In his statement, Fleming said: \"For me to enter the race now would risk a contest between two experienced Republican congressmen, potentially offering Senator Landrieu a path back to Washington. I can't let that happen.\" On December 10, 2014, KTBS, a Shreveport based ABC television station, reported that Fleming was considering running for the Senate seat held by David Vitter, who ran in the 2015 gubernatorial election. Vitter would have had to vacate his seat had he been elected as governor. In a statement, Fleming said \"If Senator Vitter is elected as Governor, I would certainly be interested in running for the seat he would vacate.\" On December 7, 2015, Fleming officially announced his candidacy for the United States Senate. He was a candidate to succeed fellow Republican David Vitter, who did not seek a third term in 2016. Vitter lost the gubernatorial runoff election on November 21, 2015, to the Democrat John Bel Edwards.", "Conway began the race trailing Paul, but as he attacked his opponent's positions on social-welfare and criminal-justice policies, the polls began to tighten. The campaign attracted $8.5 million in contributions from outside groups, of which $6 million was spent to help Rand Paul and $2.5 million to help Conway. This money influx was in addition to the money spent by the candidates themselves: $6 million by Paul and $4.7 million by Conway. Incumbent Republican David Vitter won re-election to a second term. Some speculated that Vitter's re-election might have become complicated, by the prostitution scandal revealed in 2007, but he continued to lead in aggregate polling against potential opponents. Melan\u00e7on heavily criticized Vitter for prostitution sex scandal. Vitter released television advertising criticizing Melancon for his support for Obama's stimulus package and his support for amnesty for illegal immigrants. Melancon claimed \"In August, Melancon challenged Vitter to a series of five live, televised town hall-style debates across the state. In his 2004 campaign for Senate, Vitter committed to five live, televised debates. Since Melancon issued the challenge, Vitter and Melancon have been invited to a total of seven live, televised debates. Vitter only accepted invitations to debates hosted by WWL-TV and WDSU-TV, both in New Orleans.\" Incumbent Democrat Barbara Mikulski won re-election to a fifth term. Republican nominee Eric Wargotz, Queen Anne's County Commissioner and physician, compared Mikulski to a dinosaur by calling her a political \"insidersaurus\" for being in Washington for over thirty years. An ad showed a hammer hitting a brick wall, breaking it down and citing criticisms of Mikulski's record as a U.S. Senator."], "answer": {"text": "While the Louisiana state Republican Party offered guarded support, national Republicans offered forgiveness. The Nation predicted that the Republican Party would be in a \"forgiving mood\",", "answer_start": 790}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did David Vitter have to do with sex workers?", "answer": {"text": "a company owned and run by Deborah Jeane Palfrey, also known as the \"D.C. Madam\", who was convicted by the U.S. government for running a prostitution service.", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were people supportive of this?", "answer": {"text": "written statement in which he took responsibility for his \"sin\" and asked for forgiveness.", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the people forgive him for hiring sex workers?", "answer": {"text": "after a week of self-imposed seclusion, Vitter emerged and called a news conference. As his wife stood next to him, Vitter asked the public for forgiveness.", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_61a01082d6644e48a1a610e4454fb9a6_1_q#4", "question": "were there any notable \"workers\" he hired?", "rewrite": "Were there any notable sex workers that David Vitter hired?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Among its leaders was the Republican political activist and longtime Treen supporter, Beth Rickey of New Orleans and the journalist Quin Hillyer. In 1999, Treen attempted a political comeback by running for the U.S. House. By this time, his home in Mandeville had been drawn into the 1st District. That seat was being vacated by Representative Bob Livingston, who left Congress in a sex scandal amid the House vote on the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. This was the eighth election that Treen's name appeared on a Louisiana ballot for Congress. In the special election with David Duke, also trying to score a comeback, and Republican State Representative David Vitter, Treen finished first with 36,719 votes (25%) to Vitter's 31,741 (22%) and Duke's 28,055 (19%). (Six other candidates, including New Orleans businessman Rob Couhig, shared the remaining 33% of the votes cast.) In the low-turnout special election runoff, Vitter defeated Treen, 61,661 ballots (51%) to 59,849 (49%), a margin of 1,812 votes. The race against Vitter was a bitter contest, with attacks flying back and forth. Many of Vitter's colleagues in the state legislature supported Treen and charged that Vitter was difficult to work with as a legislator. Duke, hoping to damage Treen's chances, endorsed the former governor, and Vitter won the seat. In 2005, Vitter left the House to become the first Republican to be elected to the U.S. Senate from Louisiana since Reconstruction. Treen declared that he would run for governor again in the 2003 election, at the age of 75, but the party leadership coalesced behind Bobby Jindal.", "Conway began the race trailing Paul, but as he attacked his opponent's positions on social-welfare and criminal-justice policies, the polls began to tighten. The campaign attracted $8.5 million in contributions from outside groups, of which $6 million was spent to help Rand Paul and $2.5 million to help Conway. This money influx was in addition to the money spent by the candidates themselves: $6 million by Paul and $4.7 million by Conway. Incumbent Republican David Vitter won re-election to a second term. Some speculated that Vitter's re-election might have become complicated, by the prostitution scandal revealed in 2007, but he continued to lead in aggregate polling against potential opponents. Melan\u00e7on heavily criticized Vitter for prostitution sex scandal. Vitter released television advertising criticizing Melancon for his support for Obama's stimulus package and his support for amnesty for illegal immigrants. Melancon claimed \"In August, Melancon challenged Vitter to a series of five live, televised town hall-style debates across the state. In his 2004 campaign for Senate, Vitter committed to five live, televised debates. Since Melancon issued the challenge, Vitter and Melancon have been invited to a total of seven live, televised debates. Vitter only accepted invitations to debates hosted by WWL-TV and WDSU-TV, both in New Orleans.\" Incumbent Democrat Barbara Mikulski won re-election to a fifth term. Republican nominee Eric Wargotz, Queen Anne's County Commissioner and physician, compared Mikulski to a dinosaur by calling her a political \"insidersaurus\" for being in Washington for over thirty years. An ad showed a hammer hitting a brick wall, breaking it down and citing criticisms of Mikulski's record as a U.S. Senator.", "2004 United States Senate election in Louisiana The 2004 United States Senate election in Louisiana was held on November 2, 2004. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator John Breaux decided to retire after three terms in office. Republican U.S. Representative David Vitter won the jungle primary with 51% of the vote and avoided a runoff, becoming the first ever Republican to be popularly elected to the U.S. Senate from Louisiana. Breaux, considered the most popular politician in Louisiana, endorsed Chris John prior to the jungle primary. During the campaign, Vitter was accused by a member of the Louisiana Republican State Central Committee of having had a lengthy affair with a prostitute in New Orleans. Vitter responded that the allegation was \"absolutely and completely untrue\" and that it was \"just crass Louisiana politics. \" The allegation later turned out to be true. Vitter won the Louisiana jungle primary with 51% of the vote, avoiding the need for a runoff. John received 29.2% of the vote and Kennedy (no relation to the Massachusetts Kennedys), took 14.9%. Vitter won at least a plurality in 56 of Louisiana's 64 parishes. John carried nine parishes, all but two of which (Iberville and Orleans) are part of the House district he represented. Kennedy changed parties and unsuccessfully ran as Republican in 2008 against Louisiana's senior Senator, Democrat Mary Landrieu, but he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 2016 upon Vitter's retirement. Vitter was the first Republican in Louisiana to be popularly elected as a U.S. Senator. The previous Republican Senator, William Pitt Kellogg, was chosen by the state legislature in 1876, in accordance with the process used before the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1914.", "International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers is observed annually on December 17 by sex workers, their advocates, friends, families and allies. Originally conceived as a memorial and vigil for the victims of the Green River Killer in Seattle Washington, United States (US), it has evolved into an annual international event. The day calls attention to hate crimes committed against sex workers worldwide, as well as the need to remove the social stigma and discrimination that have contributed to violence against sex workers and indifference from the communities they are part of. Sex worker activists also state that custom and prohibitionist laws perpetuate such violence. First observed in 2003, the International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers was founded by Dr. Annie Sprinkle and the Sex Workers Outreach Project USA (SWOP-USA), an American sex worker rights organization. In a public letter, Sprinkle states: Violent crimes against sex workers go underreported, unaddressed and unpunished. There really are people who don't care when prostitutes are victims of hate crimes, beaten, raped, and murdered. No matter what you think about sex workers and the politics surrounding them, sex workers are a part of our neighborhoods, communities and families. The red umbrella is an important symbol for sex worker rights and is used for events that are held on December 17. The red umbrella symbol was first used by sex workers in Venice, Italy in 2001. Slovenian artist Tadej Pogacar collaborated with sex workers to create the \"Prostitute Pavilion\" and CODE: RED art installation for the 49th Venice Biennale of Art. Sex workers also held a street demonstration, the Red Umbrellas March, to protest inhumane work conditions and human rights abuses. The International Committee on the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe (ICRSE) adopted the red umbrella as a symbol of resistance to discrimination in 2005.", "Fleming was unopposed by a Democratic candidate in his 2012 re-election bid in his district that is 2 to 1 Democratic registration but had a Cook PVI of R +11. In the November 6, 2012, general election, Fleming instead faced opposition from a Libertarian candidate, Randall Lord of Shreveport, a former chiropractor studying psychology at Louisiana State University in Shreveport. Fleming defeated Lord, 187,790 (75.3 percent) to 61,587 (24.7 percent). Lord was subsequently sentenced to 46 months in federal prison for financial scams related to illegal narcotic drug distribution. On April 4, 2013, Fleming announced that he would not in 2014 seek the United States Senate held since 1997 by the Democratic Mary Landrieu. Instead his colleague, U.S. Representative Bill Cassidy of Baton Rouge, had announced on April 3 that he would challenge Landrieu. In his statement, Fleming said: \"For me to enter the race now would risk a contest between two experienced Republican congressmen, potentially offering Senator Landrieu a path back to Washington. I can't let that happen.\" On December 10, 2014, KTBS, a Shreveport based ABC television station, reported that Fleming was considering running for the Senate seat held by David Vitter, who ran in the 2015 gubernatorial election. Vitter would have had to vacate his seat had he been elected as governor. In a statement, Fleming said \"If Senator Vitter is elected as Governor, I would certainly be interested in running for the seat he would vacate.\" On December 7, 2015, Fleming officially announced his candidacy for the United States Senate. He was a candidate to succeed fellow Republican David Vitter, who did not seek a third term in 2016. Vitter lost the gubernatorial runoff election on November 21, 2015, to the Democrat John Bel Edwards."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did David Vitter have to do with sex workers?", "answer": {"text": "a company owned and run by Deborah Jeane Palfrey, also known as the \"D.C. Madam\", who was convicted by the U.S. government for running a prostitution service.", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were people supportive of this?", "answer": {"text": "written statement in which he took responsibility for his \"sin\" and asked for forgiveness.", "answer_start": 425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the people forgive him for hiring sex workers?", "answer": {"text": "after a week of self-imposed seclusion, Vitter emerged and called a news conference. As his wife stood next to him, Vitter asked the public for forgiveness.", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it affect his career?", "answer": {"text": "While the Louisiana state Republican Party offered guarded support, national Republicans offered forgiveness. The Nation predicted that the Republican Party would be in a \"forgiving mood\",", "answer_start": 790, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "rewrite": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Democracy Now! Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez. The show, which airs live each weekday at 08:00 ET, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, and the effects of American foreign policy. The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has \"people speaking for themselves.\" \"Democracy Now!\" describes its staff as \"includ[ing] some of this country's leading progressive journalists.\" Democracy Now Productions, the independent nonprofit organization which produces \"Democracy Now!,\" is funded entirely through contributions from listeners, viewers, and foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Lannan Foundation, J.M. Kaplan Fund, and does not accept advertisers, corporate underwriting or government funding. \"Democracy Now!\" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for \"The Intercept\", has been a frequent contributor since 1997. \"Democracy Now! \" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.", "Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy.", "In 1608 Juan Gonzalez de Albelda, author of the \"Commentariorum & disputationum in primam partem Summa S. Thome de Aquino\" (1621) was regent of studies at the College. In the 1620s Juan Gonzales de Leon was regent Concerning the dispute on the nature of divine grace he took up an alternative doctrine within the Thomist school, that of Juan Gonzalez d'Albeda regent at the College in 1608, that \"sufficient grace not only prepares the will for a perfect act [of contrition], but also gives the will an impulse towards that act. Yet due to man's defectability that impulse is always resisted. \" The College maintained the Dominican tradition of textual and linguistic activities as part of the Order's missionary dimension. Like Moerbeke's translations of Aristotle in the 1260s and the \"editio piana\" of 1570 (see above), editorial and translation projects were undertaken by the college's professors, the most notable of which would be the \"leonine edition\" of Aquinas' works (see below). Vincenzo Candido (1573-1654) presided over the translation of the Bible into Arabic. Candido had entered the Order at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva completing there his novitiate and studies and becoming a doctor of theology, and later rector of the College in 1630. Candido also was part of the commission that concemned Jansenism. His own \"Disquisitionibus moralibus\" (1643) was later accused of laxims.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio. In the Puerto Rico youth league, Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez. When the Yankees scouted Williams, eventually signing him, they declined to pursue Gonzalez, who they perceived as not serious about baseball. The Texas Rangers signed Gonzalez as an amateur free agent on May 30, 1986, at the age of 16. Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico, as they are faced with the downfalls of drugs and prostitution frequently. Gonzalez avoided such temptations growing up. His father, a math teacher, and mother, a housewife, made sure Gonzalez and his two sisters behaved properly and stayed away from negative influences. Gonzalez moved his family out of the barrio early in his MLB career. He paid utility bills for down-on-their-luck friends and plans on working to construct recreation facilities and a baseball diamond in his home town. One of Juan's managers, Johnny Oates, believed that until you've walked where Juan Gonzalez has walked, you just won't understand. Speaking from experience, as Oates has walked the streets of Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, during visits multiple times, he had this to say: \"I don't think you can appreciate how far he's come until you've been there\", Oates said. \"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up - do you want to do drugs or get beaten up? I think it says so much about him that he was able to rise above the peer pressure in Vega Baja."], "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he learn to play baseball?", "rewrite": "Where did Juan Gonzalez learn to play baseball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Democracy Now! Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez. The show, which airs live each weekday at 08:00 ET, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, and the effects of American foreign policy. The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has \"people speaking for themselves.\" \"Democracy Now!\" describes its staff as \"includ[ing] some of this country's leading progressive journalists.\" Democracy Now Productions, the independent nonprofit organization which produces \"Democracy Now!,\" is funded entirely through contributions from listeners, viewers, and foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Lannan Foundation, J.M. Kaplan Fund, and does not accept advertisers, corporate underwriting or government funding. \"Democracy Now!\" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for \"The Intercept\", has been a frequent contributor since 1997. \"Democracy Now! \" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.", "In 1608 Juan Gonzalez de Albelda, author of the \"Commentariorum & disputationum in primam partem Summa S. Thome de Aquino\" (1621) was regent of studies at the College. In the 1620s Juan Gonzales de Leon was regent Concerning the dispute on the nature of divine grace he took up an alternative doctrine within the Thomist school, that of Juan Gonzalez d'Albeda regent at the College in 1608, that \"sufficient grace not only prepares the will for a perfect act [of contrition], but also gives the will an impulse towards that act. Yet due to man's defectability that impulse is always resisted. \" The College maintained the Dominican tradition of textual and linguistic activities as part of the Order's missionary dimension. Like Moerbeke's translations of Aristotle in the 1260s and the \"editio piana\" of 1570 (see above), editorial and translation projects were undertaken by the college's professors, the most notable of which would be the \"leonine edition\" of Aquinas' works (see below). Vincenzo Candido (1573-1654) presided over the translation of the Bible into Arabic. Candido had entered the Order at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva completing there his novitiate and studies and becoming a doctor of theology, and later rector of the College in 1630. Candido also was part of the commission that concemned Jansenism. His own \"Disquisitionibus moralibus\" (1643) was later accused of laxims.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio. In the Puerto Rico youth league, Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez. When the Yankees scouted Williams, eventually signing him, they declined to pursue Gonzalez, who they perceived as not serious about baseball. The Texas Rangers signed Gonzalez as an amateur free agent on May 30, 1986, at the age of 16. Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico, as they are faced with the downfalls of drugs and prostitution frequently. Gonzalez avoided such temptations growing up. His father, a math teacher, and mother, a housewife, made sure Gonzalez and his two sisters behaved properly and stayed away from negative influences. Gonzalez moved his family out of the barrio early in his MLB career. He paid utility bills for down-on-their-luck friends and plans on working to construct recreation facilities and a baseball diamond in his home town. One of Juan's managers, Johnny Oates, believed that until you've walked where Juan Gonzalez has walked, you just won't understand. Speaking from experience, as Oates has walked the streets of Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, during visits multiple times, he had this to say: \"I don't think you can appreciate how far he's come until you've been there\", Oates said. \"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up - do you want to do drugs or get beaten up? I think it says so much about him that he was able to rise above the peer pressure in Vega Baja.", "Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy."], "answer": {"text": "Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio.", "answer_start": 43}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#2", "question": "Did he marry and have children?", "rewrite": "Did Juan Gonzalez marry and have children?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Democracy Now! Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez. The show, which airs live each weekday at 08:00 ET, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, and the effects of American foreign policy. The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has \"people speaking for themselves.\" \"Democracy Now!\" describes its staff as \"includ[ing] some of this country's leading progressive journalists.\" Democracy Now Productions, the independent nonprofit organization which produces \"Democracy Now!,\" is funded entirely through contributions from listeners, viewers, and foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Lannan Foundation, J.M. Kaplan Fund, and does not accept advertisers, corporate underwriting or government funding. \"Democracy Now!\" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for \"The Intercept\", has been a frequent contributor since 1997. \"Democracy Now! \" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.", "In 1608 Juan Gonzalez de Albelda, author of the \"Commentariorum & disputationum in primam partem Summa S. Thome de Aquino\" (1621) was regent of studies at the College. In the 1620s Juan Gonzales de Leon was regent Concerning the dispute on the nature of divine grace he took up an alternative doctrine within the Thomist school, that of Juan Gonzalez d'Albeda regent at the College in 1608, that \"sufficient grace not only prepares the will for a perfect act [of contrition], but also gives the will an impulse towards that act. Yet due to man's defectability that impulse is always resisted. \" The College maintained the Dominican tradition of textual and linguistic activities as part of the Order's missionary dimension. Like Moerbeke's translations of Aristotle in the 1260s and the \"editio piana\" of 1570 (see above), editorial and translation projects were undertaken by the college's professors, the most notable of which would be the \"leonine edition\" of Aquinas' works (see below). Vincenzo Candido (1573-1654) presided over the translation of the Bible into Arabic. Candido had entered the Order at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva completing there his novitiate and studies and becoming a doctor of theology, and later rector of the College in 1630. Candido also was part of the commission that concemned Jansenism. His own \"Disquisitionibus moralibus\" (1643) was later accused of laxims.", "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio. In the Puerto Rico youth league, Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez. When the Yankees scouted Williams, eventually signing him, they declined to pursue Gonzalez, who they perceived as not serious about baseball. The Texas Rangers signed Gonzalez as an amateur free agent on May 30, 1986, at the age of 16. Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico, as they are faced with the downfalls of drugs and prostitution frequently. Gonzalez avoided such temptations growing up. His father, a math teacher, and mother, a housewife, made sure Gonzalez and his two sisters behaved properly and stayed away from negative influences. Gonzalez moved his family out of the barrio early in his MLB career. He paid utility bills for down-on-their-luck friends and plans on working to construct recreation facilities and a baseball diamond in his home town. One of Juan's managers, Johnny Oates, believed that until you've walked where Juan Gonzalez has walked, you just won't understand. Speaking from experience, as Oates has walked the streets of Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, during visits multiple times, he had this to say: \"I don't think you can appreciate how far he's come until you've been there\", Oates said. \"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up - do you want to do drugs or get beaten up? I think it says so much about him that he was able to rise above the peer pressure in Vega Baja.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he learn to play baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#3", "question": "Did he play any other sports?", "rewrite": "Did Juan Gonzalez play any sports other than baseball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio. In the Puerto Rico youth league, Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez. When the Yankees scouted Williams, eventually signing him, they declined to pursue Gonzalez, who they perceived as not serious about baseball. The Texas Rangers signed Gonzalez as an amateur free agent on May 30, 1986, at the age of 16. Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico, as they are faced with the downfalls of drugs and prostitution frequently. Gonzalez avoided such temptations growing up. His father, a math teacher, and mother, a housewife, made sure Gonzalez and his two sisters behaved properly and stayed away from negative influences. Gonzalez moved his family out of the barrio early in his MLB career. He paid utility bills for down-on-their-luck friends and plans on working to construct recreation facilities and a baseball diamond in his home town. One of Juan's managers, Johnny Oates, believed that until you've walked where Juan Gonzalez has walked, you just won't understand. Speaking from experience, as Oates has walked the streets of Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, during visits multiple times, he had this to say: \"I don't think you can appreciate how far he's come until you've been there\", Oates said. \"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up - do you want to do drugs or get beaten up? I think it says so much about him that he was able to rise above the peer pressure in Vega Baja.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "In 1608 Juan Gonzalez de Albelda, author of the \"Commentariorum & disputationum in primam partem Summa S. Thome de Aquino\" (1621) was regent of studies at the College. In the 1620s Juan Gonzales de Leon was regent Concerning the dispute on the nature of divine grace he took up an alternative doctrine within the Thomist school, that of Juan Gonzalez d'Albeda regent at the College in 1608, that \"sufficient grace not only prepares the will for a perfect act [of contrition], but also gives the will an impulse towards that act. Yet due to man's defectability that impulse is always resisted. \" The College maintained the Dominican tradition of textual and linguistic activities as part of the Order's missionary dimension. Like Moerbeke's translations of Aristotle in the 1260s and the \"editio piana\" of 1570 (see above), editorial and translation projects were undertaken by the college's professors, the most notable of which would be the \"leonine edition\" of Aquinas' works (see below). Vincenzo Candido (1573-1654) presided over the translation of the Bible into Arabic. Candido had entered the Order at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva completing there his novitiate and studies and becoming a doctor of theology, and later rector of the College in 1630. Candido also was part of the commission that concemned Jansenism. His own \"Disquisitionibus moralibus\" (1643) was later accused of laxims.", "Democracy Now! Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez. The show, which airs live each weekday at 08:00 ET, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, and the effects of American foreign policy. The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has \"people speaking for themselves.\" \"Democracy Now!\" describes its staff as \"includ[ing] some of this country's leading progressive journalists.\" Democracy Now Productions, the independent nonprofit organization which produces \"Democracy Now!,\" is funded entirely through contributions from listeners, viewers, and foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Lannan Foundation, J.M. Kaplan Fund, and does not accept advertisers, corporate underwriting or government funding. \"Democracy Now!\" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for \"The Intercept\", has been a frequent contributor since 1997. \"Democracy Now! \" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.", "Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy."], "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 565}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he learn to play baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he marry and have children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#4", "question": "What other sports did he play?", "rewrite": "What sports other than baseball did Juan Gonzalez play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1608 Juan Gonzalez de Albelda, author of the \"Commentariorum & disputationum in primam partem Summa S. Thome de Aquino\" (1621) was regent of studies at the College. In the 1620s Juan Gonzales de Leon was regent Concerning the dispute on the nature of divine grace he took up an alternative doctrine within the Thomist school, that of Juan Gonzalez d'Albeda regent at the College in 1608, that \"sufficient grace not only prepares the will for a perfect act [of contrition], but also gives the will an impulse towards that act. Yet due to man's defectability that impulse is always resisted. \" The College maintained the Dominican tradition of textual and linguistic activities as part of the Order's missionary dimension. Like Moerbeke's translations of Aristotle in the 1260s and the \"editio piana\" of 1570 (see above), editorial and translation projects were undertaken by the college's professors, the most notable of which would be the \"leonine edition\" of Aquinas' works (see below). Vincenzo Candido (1573-1654) presided over the translation of the Bible into Arabic. Candido had entered the Order at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva completing there his novitiate and studies and becoming a doctor of theology, and later rector of the College in 1630. Candido also was part of the commission that concemned Jansenism. His own \"Disquisitionibus moralibus\" (1643) was later accused of laxims.", "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio. In the Puerto Rico youth league, Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez. When the Yankees scouted Williams, eventually signing him, they declined to pursue Gonzalez, who they perceived as not serious about baseball. The Texas Rangers signed Gonzalez as an amateur free agent on May 30, 1986, at the age of 16. Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico, as they are faced with the downfalls of drugs and prostitution frequently. Gonzalez avoided such temptations growing up. His father, a math teacher, and mother, a housewife, made sure Gonzalez and his two sisters behaved properly and stayed away from negative influences. Gonzalez moved his family out of the barrio early in his MLB career. He paid utility bills for down-on-their-luck friends and plans on working to construct recreation facilities and a baseball diamond in his home town. One of Juan's managers, Johnny Oates, believed that until you've walked where Juan Gonzalez has walked, you just won't understand. Speaking from experience, as Oates has walked the streets of Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, during visits multiple times, he had this to say: \"I don't think you can appreciate how far he's come until you've been there\", Oates said. \"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up - do you want to do drugs or get beaten up? I think it says so much about him that he was able to rise above the peer pressure in Vega Baja.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "Democracy Now! Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez. The show, which airs live each weekday at 08:00 ET, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, and the effects of American foreign policy. The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has \"people speaking for themselves.\" \"Democracy Now!\" describes its staff as \"includ[ing] some of this country's leading progressive journalists.\" Democracy Now Productions, the independent nonprofit organization which produces \"Democracy Now!,\" is funded entirely through contributions from listeners, viewers, and foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Lannan Foundation, J.M. Kaplan Fund, and does not accept advertisers, corporate underwriting or government funding. \"Democracy Now!\" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for \"The Intercept\", has been a frequent contributor since 1997. \"Democracy Now! \" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.", "Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy."], "answer": {"text": "wrestler", "answer_start": 189}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he learn to play baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he marry and have children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play any other sports?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#5", "question": "Did he help coach any youth sports?", "rewrite": "Did Juan Gonzalez help coach any youth sports?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy.", "He also received the M.V.P. Award for the entire Congress from the TREA Senior Citizens League in 2004 and later received the Seniors Advocate Award for his legislative leadership on behalf of seniors in 2012. Advocacy for youth sports was a priority during Mike McIntyre's congressional career. He coached youth sports in Robeson County for several years in T-ball, baseball, football, and basketball, including three All-American Drug-Free teams. McIntyre was the first volunteer coach in the county to be certified by the National Youth Sports Coaches Association and the first to qualify his teams for the All-American Drug-Free Team based on character development and drug education and awareness. He was a charter member of, and helped to incorporate, the Lumberton Youth Baseball Association, which has subsequently spawned several championship teams on the regional, state, and national levels. Congressman McIntyre is the Founder and Chairman of the Congressional Caucus on Youth Sports. Through cooperative efforts with the Citizenship through Sports Alliance, McIntyre and former NBA star Clark Kellogg, now a CBS Sports analyst and commentator, presented a National Report Card on the State of Youth Sports in 2005 at the National Press Club in Washington. Their goal was to draw attention to the need for greater respect, cooperation, discipline, and commitment to youth sports. Having introduced a Youth Sports Legislative Agenda, McIntyre has also hosted three regional youth sports conferences and has worked with the NFL, NBA, NHL, PGA, NCAA, U.S. Soccer, U.S. Tennis and the U.S. Olympic Committee in promoting youth sports, fitness, and recreation nationally. Because of his commitment, Congressman McIntyre has been given several honors and recognitions. He was honored with the National Congressional Award in 2006 by the National Recreation and Park Association for his leadership in promoting youth sports and recreational programs.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "Prince Okropir of Georgia  Okropir () known in Russia as Tsarevich Okropir Georgievich Gruzinsky (), (June 24, 1795 \u2013 October 30, 1857) was a Georgian prince royal (batonishvili) of the Bagrationi Dynasty. Okropir (\"aka\" \"Chrysosthomus\") was born in Telavi to Crown Prince George (the future king George XII of Georgia, reigned 1798-1800) and his second wife, Mariam. After his father\u2019s death and Russian annexation of Georgia (1800), the royal family was forcibly removed from Georgia. In 1803, Queen Mariam was sent into confinement in Belogorod Monastery at Voronezh for having murdered the Russian general Lazarev who was commanded to convoy the king\u2019s family to Russia. Okropir was carried away to St. Petersburg where he was enlisted into the Page Corps and commissioned, in 1812, as a lieutenant of the Chevalier Guard. He retired in 1816 and lived thereafter in St. Petersburg, being prohibited by the authorities from permanently settling in Georgia. Within Russia, Okropir and his cousin Prince Dimitri, son of Yulon, were principal leaders of Georgian royalists; they held gatherings of Georgian students at Moscow and St. Petersburg, and tried to convince them that Georgia should be independent. Okropir clandestinely visited Tiflis in 1830, and helped to found a secret society with the aim of restoring an independent kingdom under the Bagrationi Dynasty. The society included many leading Georgian nobles and intellectuals, among them Elizbar Eristavi, Philadelphos Kiknadze, Solomon Dodashvili, Dmitri Kipiani, Giorgi Eristavi, Alexander Chavchavadze, Grigol Orbeliani, and Iase Palavandishvili who subsequently betrayed his numbers.", "\u2013 Andrews Air Force Base Youth Sports, Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center, Sasebo Youth Sports, Town of Huntersville Parks & Recreation Department, USAG West Point Youth Sports & Fitness  2010 \u2013 Glynn County Parks & Recreation, MCAS-MCCS Miramar Youth Sports Programs, Oconee County Parks & Recreation, Spangdahlem Air Base Youth Sports, USAG Hawaii Youth Sports and Fitness  2011 \u2013 MCCS Cherry Point Youth Sports, Village of Evendale Recreation, Kaiserslautern Military Community Youth Sports and Fitness Program, Town of Westport Parks and Recreation, Joint Base Elmendorf- Richardson Youth Sports Program 2012 \u2013 Camp Lejeune Youth Sports, Churchville Recreation Council, Gwinnett County Parks and Recreation, Hillsborough County Parks, Recreation and Conservation Department's Youth Athletic Services, Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst Youth Sports & Fitness Program  2013 \u2013 Botetourt County Parks, Recreation and Tourism, Fort Rucker Youth Sports and Fitness, Glynn County Recreation & Parks Department, Mecklenburg County Park and Recreation, Tinker Air Force Base Youth Programs 2014 - Dyess Air Force Base Youth Sports, JBLE Fort Eustis Youth Sports & Fitness Program, Jefferson City Parks, Recreation & Forestry, MCAS Miramar Youth Sports Program, Suffolk Parks & Recreation  2015 - Beale Air Force Base Youth Programs, Camp Pendleton Youth Sports, Cherokee Recreation & Parks Agency, Fort Leonard Wood Youth Sports & Fitness, Mountain Home Air Force Base Youth Sports Programs, NSA Bahrain Child and Youth Programs, Oconee County Parks and Recreation Department, US Army Garrison Hawaii, Youth Sports & Fitness Program  2016 - County of Los Angeles Department of Parks and Recreation \u2013 East Agency, Detroit Parks and Recreation Department, Naval Station Rota Spain Youth Sports and Fitness Program, Town of Cary Parks, Recreation & Cultural Resources, United States Army Garrison Stuttgart Youth Sports & Fitness 2017 - City of Henderson, Public Works,"], "answer": {"text": "\"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up", "answer_start": 1493}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he learn to play baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he marry and have children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play any other sports?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other sports did he play?", "answer": {"text": "wrestler", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#6", "question": "Where did he live after he retired?", "rewrite": "Where did Juan Gonzalez live after he retired?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio. In the Puerto Rico youth league, Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez. When the Yankees scouted Williams, eventually signing him, they declined to pursue Gonzalez, who they perceived as not serious about baseball. The Texas Rangers signed Gonzalez as an amateur free agent on May 30, 1986, at the age of 16. Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico, as they are faced with the downfalls of drugs and prostitution frequently. Gonzalez avoided such temptations growing up. His father, a math teacher, and mother, a housewife, made sure Gonzalez and his two sisters behaved properly and stayed away from negative influences. Gonzalez moved his family out of the barrio early in his MLB career. He paid utility bills for down-on-their-luck friends and plans on working to construct recreation facilities and a baseball diamond in his home town. One of Juan's managers, Johnny Oates, believed that until you've walked where Juan Gonzalez has walked, you just won't understand. Speaking from experience, as Oates has walked the streets of Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, during visits multiple times, he had this to say: \"I don't think you can appreciate how far he's come until you've been there\", Oates said. \"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up - do you want to do drugs or get beaten up? I think it says so much about him that he was able to rise above the peer pressure in Vega Baja.", "Democracy Now! Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez. The show, which airs live each weekday at 08:00 ET, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, and the effects of American foreign policy. The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has \"people speaking for themselves.\" \"Democracy Now!\" describes its staff as \"includ[ing] some of this country's leading progressive journalists.\" Democracy Now Productions, the independent nonprofit organization which produces \"Democracy Now!,\" is funded entirely through contributions from listeners, viewers, and foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Lannan Foundation, J.M. Kaplan Fund, and does not accept advertisers, corporate underwriting or government funding. \"Democracy Now!\" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for \"The Intercept\", has been a frequent contributor since 1997. \"Democracy Now! \" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.", "Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "In 1608 Juan Gonzalez de Albelda, author of the \"Commentariorum & disputationum in primam partem Summa S. Thome de Aquino\" (1621) was regent of studies at the College. In the 1620s Juan Gonzales de Leon was regent Concerning the dispute on the nature of divine grace he took up an alternative doctrine within the Thomist school, that of Juan Gonzalez d'Albeda regent at the College in 1608, that \"sufficient grace not only prepares the will for a perfect act [of contrition], but also gives the will an impulse towards that act. Yet due to man's defectability that impulse is always resisted. \" The College maintained the Dominican tradition of textual and linguistic activities as part of the Order's missionary dimension. Like Moerbeke's translations of Aristotle in the 1260s and the \"editio piana\" of 1570 (see above), editorial and translation projects were undertaken by the college's professors, the most notable of which would be the \"leonine edition\" of Aquinas' works (see below). Vincenzo Candido (1573-1654) presided over the translation of the Bible into Arabic. Candido had entered the Order at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva completing there his novitiate and studies and becoming a doctor of theology, and later rector of the College in 1630. Candido also was part of the commission that concemned Jansenism. His own \"Disquisitionibus moralibus\" (1643) was later accused of laxims."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he learn to play baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he marry and have children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play any other sports?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other sports did he play?", "answer": {"text": "wrestler", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he help coach any youth sports?", "answer": {"text": "\"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_1_q#7", "question": "Where did he play besides Texas?", "rewrite": "Where did Juan Gonzalez play besides Texas?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Democracy Now! Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman, who also acts as the show's executive producer, and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez. The show, which airs live each weekday at 08:00 ET, is broadcast on the internet and by over 1,400 radio and television stations worldwide. The program combines news reporting, interviews, investigative journalism and political commentary. It documents social movements, struggles for justice, and the effects of American foreign policy. The show is described as progressive by fans as well as critics, but Goodman rejects that label, calling the program a global newscast that has \"people speaking for themselves.\" \"Democracy Now!\" describes its staff as \"includ[ing] some of this country's leading progressive journalists.\" Democracy Now Productions, the independent nonprofit organization which produces \"Democracy Now!,\" is funded entirely through contributions from listeners, viewers, and foundations such as the Ford Foundation, Lannan Foundation, J.M. Kaplan Fund, and does not accept advertisers, corporate underwriting or government funding. \"Democracy Now!\" was founded on February 19, 1996 at WBAI in New York City by journalists Amy Goodman, Juan Gonzalez, Larry Bensky, Salim Muwakkil, and Julie Drizin. It originally aired on five Pacifica Radio stations. Goodman is the program's principal host, with Juan Gonzalez and Nermeen Shaikh as frequent co-hosts. Jeremy Scahill, an investigative reporter and co-founding editor for \"The Intercept\", has been a frequent contributor since 1997. \"Democracy Now! \" began broadcasting on television every weekday shortly after September 11, 2001, and is the only public media in the U.S. that airs simultaneously on satellite and cable television, radio, and the internet.", "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio. In the Puerto Rico youth league, Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez. When the Yankees scouted Williams, eventually signing him, they declined to pursue Gonzalez, who they perceived as not serious about baseball. The Texas Rangers signed Gonzalez as an amateur free agent on May 30, 1986, at the age of 16. Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico, as they are faced with the downfalls of drugs and prostitution frequently. Gonzalez avoided such temptations growing up. His father, a math teacher, and mother, a housewife, made sure Gonzalez and his two sisters behaved properly and stayed away from negative influences. Gonzalez moved his family out of the barrio early in his MLB career. He paid utility bills for down-on-their-luck friends and plans on working to construct recreation facilities and a baseball diamond in his home town. One of Juan's managers, Johnny Oates, believed that until you've walked where Juan Gonzalez has walked, you just won't understand. Speaking from experience, as Oates has walked the streets of Vega Baja, Puerto Rico, during visits multiple times, he had this to say: \"I don't think you can appreciate how far he's come until you've been there\", Oates said. \"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up - do you want to do drugs or get beaten up? I think it says so much about him that he was able to rise above the peer pressure in Vega Baja.", "Juan Gonzalez (artist)  Juan Gonzalez (January 12, 1942- December 24, 1993) was an important Cuban-American painter who rose to international fame in the 1970s and remained active until his death in the 1990s. Juan Gonzalez was born in Camaguey, Cuba, in 1942. He spent his early life in Cuba until fleeing to the United States in 1961 as a part of the Cuban exile resulting from the Cuban Revolution. Gonzalez resided in Miami with other exiled Cuban artists and earned his Masters of Fine Arts from the University of Miami in 1972. Later that year he relocated permanently to New York City following a successful exhibition - his first - at the Allan Stone Gallery. Gonzalez had another highly successful exhibition in 1975 at the Nancy Hoffman Gallery, which as a result went on to manage and represent him for the rest of his career and following his death. Throughout the rest of his career, Gonzalez would continue to paint, have solo and group exhibitions, win awards, and have his works added to the permanent collection of renown institutions. He also designed elaborate sets for two plays by famed Spanish poet and playwright Federico Garcia Lorca, \"Blood Wedding\" (1988) and \"As Soon as Five Years Pass\" (1991), and taught and lectured at the New York School of Visual Arts for nearly twenty years. He died in 1993 in New York City of complications stemming from AIDS. His work was the subject of an in-deapth, career-spanning retrospective book, \"Dreamscapes: The Art of Juan Gonzalez\", by Irene McManus, which was published by Hudson Hills Press on the year of his death. Gonzalez in known for creating paintings and collages that ranged from realism to surrealism and fantasy.", "Juan Gonzalez (jockey) Juan T. Gonzalez (February 22, 1948 - July 5, 1975) was a Mexican-born jockey in American Thoroughbred horse racing who died in a racing accident at the Pleasanton Fairgrounds Racetrack at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton, California. Gonzalez dominated thoroughbred racing in Northern California and rode more winners at Northern California tracks than any other jockey during his career. In 1969, Gonzalez became the first jockey to ride more than 100 winners during a single race meet in Northern California. On December 17, of that same year he rode five winners at Bay Meadows Racetrack and in 1973 set a Bay Meadows Racetrack record that stood for thirteen years when he won 118 races at a single meet. A native of Ermita de Guadalupe, a community near Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Gonzalez died instantly from a broken neck when his horse fell on another horse that had stumbled and fallen in front of him. He died on the track where his career began in front of his wife Maria and their two young daughters. A funeral service was held for Juan Gonzalez on July 7 in San Mateo, California after which his remains were returned to his native Jerez for burial. In his memory, the Pleasanton Racetrack annually runs the Juan Gonzalez Memorial Stakes.", "In 1608 Juan Gonzalez de Albelda, author of the \"Commentariorum & disputationum in primam partem Summa S. Thome de Aquino\" (1621) was regent of studies at the College. In the 1620s Juan Gonzales de Leon was regent Concerning the dispute on the nature of divine grace he took up an alternative doctrine within the Thomist school, that of Juan Gonzalez d'Albeda regent at the College in 1608, that \"sufficient grace not only prepares the will for a perfect act [of contrition], but also gives the will an impulse towards that act. Yet due to man's defectability that impulse is always resisted. \" The College maintained the Dominican tradition of textual and linguistic activities as part of the Order's missionary dimension. Like Moerbeke's translations of Aristotle in the 1260s and the \"editio piana\" of 1570 (see above), editorial and translation projects were undertaken by the college's professors, the most notable of which would be the \"leonine edition\" of Aquinas' works (see below). Vincenzo Candido (1573-1654) presided over the translation of the Bible into Arabic. Candido had entered the Order at the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva completing there his novitiate and studies and becoming a doctor of theology, and later rector of the College in 1630. Candido also was part of the commission that concemned Jansenism. His own \"Disquisitionibus moralibus\" (1643) was later accused of laxims."], "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez batted cleanup behind future Yankee center fielder Bernie Williams, where both competed against Gonzalez's future teammate Ivan Rodriguez.", "answer_start": 180}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Juan Gonzalez born?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez grew up in a rough area of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he learn to play baseball?", "answer": {"text": "Rico, where he learned to hit bottlecaps and corks with a broomstick handle in the Alto de Cuba barrio.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he marry and have children?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play any other sports?", "answer": {"text": "Gonzalez has always wanted to serve as a role model for the kids of Puerto Rico,", "answer_start": 565, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other sports did he play?", "answer": {"text": "wrestler", "answer_start": 189, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he help coach any youth sports?", "answer": {"text": "\"We might be making choices between going to the movies or going to the skating rink. But look at the choices the kids there were faced with growing up", "answer_start": 1493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live after he retired?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#0", "question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "rewrite": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Following the unmasking, Gonz\u00e1lez renamed himself Rey Wagner (\"King Wagner\"). Juan Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez Barr\u00f3n was born on August 12, 1965, son of Magdalena Barr\u00f3n and her husband Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez Rivera, better known as the \"luchador\" (professional wrestler) Dr. Wagner. Juan Gonz\u00e1lez was the second son born, with his brother \u00d3scar being two years his elder. His parents later had another son, C\u00e9sar Cuauht\u00e9moc Gonz\u00e1lez Barr\u00f3n and finally a daughter Mayra. At one point in the late 1980s to 1990s Juan Gonz\u00e1lez was married to Mar\u00eda del Roc\u00edo Moreno Le\u00f3n, who is also a professional wrestler under the name Rossy Moreno, and together the couple had at least one son known as El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr.. Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' son's name is not a matter of public knowledge as he wrestles as an \"enmascarado\", which traditionally means that his personal information is kept from the general public per \"lucha libre\" traditions. Juan Gonz\u00e1lez later remarried, although it is unclear if his current wife is directly involved with \"lucha libre\" or not. In the early 2000s C\u00e9sar Gonz\u00e1lez introduced the wrestling world to a son, referred to only as \"El Hijo de Silver King\", who at the time was training to be a wrestler. Gonz\u00e1lez started out working as a masked wrestler known as El Invasor (\"The Invader\"). The anonymity of the El Invasor character allowed Gonz\u00e1lez to gain in ring experience without the pressure of the Dr. Wagner name. Gonz\u00e1lez only worked as El Invasor for about a year before it was decided to reveal his family relationship.", "The season featured the debut of Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, who under the initiative of that season's Manager of the Year, Ram\u00f3n Avil\u00e9s, played every game with Caguas, finishing second in home runs with 9 and RBIs with 34. He was traded for Roberto Alomar during the off-season. Gonz\u00e1lez also reinforced San Juan, recording two home runs in the Caribbean Series. Carlos Baerga and Edgar Mart\u00ednez were the co-MVP players of the 1989-90 season. Mart\u00ednez became the first player in 41 seasons to win the batting crown with an average above.400, registering .424. Santurce won the title the following year, which featured the debut of Wil Cordero, who was named Rookie of the Year. In the 1991\u20131992 season, the \"Criollos de Caguas\" franchise was moved to Bayam\u00f3n, but experienced low attendance in that municipality. Due to this their star players, Juan Gonz\u00e1lez and Iv\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez, were drafted by Santurce and Mayag\u00fcez respectively. The \"Indios\" won that season's championship and the Caribbean Series held in Mexico, with Chad Kreuter winning the series\u2019 MVP award. Roberto Hernandez won a tie-breaker with Venezuela to secure the series, and Cordero was recognized as the league MVP. The 1992-93 season featured the return of Dickie Thon to the league, who led Santurce to a championship over San Juan in the finals as well as the debut of Jos\u00e9 \"Cheo\" Cruz as a manager. The finals series featured both Thon and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, which attracted 90,369 fans throughout six games, including a record of 23,701 in the last game. Gonz\u00e1lez had won consecutive batting titles in Major League Baseball and was selected the MVP after recording an average of .333 with seven home runs and 14 RBIs.", "San Juan won the championship in the 1989\u201390 season. The season featured the debut of Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, who under the initiative of that season's Manager of the Year, Ram\u00f3n Aviles, played every game with Caguas, finishing second in home runs with 9 and RBIs with 34. He was traded for Alomar during the off-season. Gonzalez also reinforced San Juan, recording two home runs in the Caribbean Series. Carlos Baerga and Edgar Martinez were named co-MVPs. Martinez became the first player in 41 seasons to win the batting crown with an average above.400, registering .424. Santurce won the title the following year, which featured the debut of Wil Cordero, who was named Rookie of the Year. In the 1991\u20131992 season, the Criollos de Caguas franchise was moved to Bayam\u00f3n, but experienced low attendance in that municipality. Due to this, their star players, Juan Gonz\u00e1lez and Iv\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez, were drafted by Santurce and Mayag\u00fcez respectively. The Indios won that season's championship and the Caribbean Series held in Mexico, with Chad Kreuter winning the series' MVP award. Roberto Hernandez won a tie-breaker with Venezuela to secure the series. Cordero was recognized as the league's MVP. The 1992\u201393 season featured the return of Dickie Thon to the league, who led Santurce to a championship over San Juan in the finals as well as the debut of Jose Cruz as a manager. The finals series featured both Thon and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, which attracted 90,369 fans throughout six games, including a record of 23,701 in the last game. Gonz\u00e1lez had won consecutive batting titles in Major League Baseball and was selected the MVP after recording an average of .333 with seven home runs and 14 RBIs.", "Juan Gonz\u00e1lez Meneses Juan Gonz\u00e1lez Meneses (\"also Don Juan Gonz\u00e1lez de Meneses y de la Parra\")(died 28 Jun 1521) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Almer\u00eda (1520\u20131521). On 17 September 1520, Juan Gonz\u00e1lez Meneses was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Leo X as Bishop of Almer\u00eda. He served as Bishop of Almer\u00eda until his death on 28 June 1521.", "Juan Gonz\u00e1lez G\u00f3mez Juan Gonz\u00e1lez G\u00f3mez \"Obijuan\" (born Juan Gonz\u00e1lez G\u00f3mez, January 18, 1973 in Madrid, Spain) is a doctor in computer science and telecommunications publicly recognized for having become the first Spanish winner of the O'Reilly Open Source Award, which are awarded to those who \"stand out for their dedication, innovation, leadership and extraordinary contribution to free software\". Juan is one of the pioneers of educational robotics open in Spain and creator of the concept of the \"Humanity's Technological Heritage\" (\"\"Patrimonio Tecnol\u00f3gico de la Humanidad\"\" in spanish). He pioneered the diffusion of free 3D printing and is credited with being the founder of the CloneWars community, which currently brings together more than 4,000 Spanish-speaking members, and that is inspired in the RepRap community created by Adrian Bowyer in 2004. Juan acquired the eighth reprap 3D printer of the world (manufactured by Makerbot) and he edited a series of 63 video-tutorials for the Spanish community that which comprised the step by step instructions to assembly from scratch a Prusa 2 model and became very popular. He also continued its production of open online courses (MOOC), grouped under the brand Obijuan Academy, among which stand out as a reference for the entire maker community the series of 74 video tutorials using the opensource tool FreeCAD with more than 13,000 followers On youtube. Currently, Juan's activity focuses on the promotion and development of free FPGAs, through the creation of FPGAWars, a project that offers designs, tutorials and workshops with the aim of forming a community of users and also spread it to the world of robotics and educational electronics."], "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to the Texas Rangers besides the contract details?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Juan Gonz\u00e1lez Meneses Juan Gonz\u00e1lez Meneses (\"also Don Juan Gonz\u00e1lez de Meneses y de la Parra\")(died 28 Jun 1521) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as the Bishop of Almer\u00eda (1520\u20131521). On 17 September 1520, Juan Gonz\u00e1lez Meneses was selected by the King of Spain and confirmed by Pope Leo X as Bishop of Almer\u00eda. He served as Bishop of Almer\u00eda until his death on 28 June 1521.", "Following the unmasking, Gonz\u00e1lez renamed himself Rey Wagner (\"King Wagner\"). Juan Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez Barr\u00f3n was born on August 12, 1965, son of Magdalena Barr\u00f3n and her husband Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez Rivera, better known as the \"luchador\" (professional wrestler) Dr. Wagner. Juan Gonz\u00e1lez was the second son born, with his brother \u00d3scar being two years his elder. His parents later had another son, C\u00e9sar Cuauht\u00e9moc Gonz\u00e1lez Barr\u00f3n and finally a daughter Mayra. At one point in the late 1980s to 1990s Juan Gonz\u00e1lez was married to Mar\u00eda del Roc\u00edo Moreno Le\u00f3n, who is also a professional wrestler under the name Rossy Moreno, and together the couple had at least one son known as El Hijo de Dr. Wagner Jr.. Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' son's name is not a matter of public knowledge as he wrestles as an \"enmascarado\", which traditionally means that his personal information is kept from the general public per \"lucha libre\" traditions. Juan Gonz\u00e1lez later remarried, although it is unclear if his current wife is directly involved with \"lucha libre\" or not. In the early 2000s C\u00e9sar Gonz\u00e1lez introduced the wrestling world to a son, referred to only as \"El Hijo de Silver King\", who at the time was training to be a wrestler. Gonz\u00e1lez started out working as a masked wrestler known as El Invasor (\"The Invader\"). The anonymity of the El Invasor character allowed Gonz\u00e1lez to gain in ring experience without the pressure of the Dr. Wagner name. Gonz\u00e1lez only worked as El Invasor for about a year before it was decided to reveal his family relationship.", "San Juan won the championship in the 1989\u201390 season. The season featured the debut of Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, who under the initiative of that season's Manager of the Year, Ram\u00f3n Aviles, played every game with Caguas, finishing second in home runs with 9 and RBIs with 34. He was traded for Alomar during the off-season. Gonzalez also reinforced San Juan, recording two home runs in the Caribbean Series. Carlos Baerga and Edgar Martinez were named co-MVPs. Martinez became the first player in 41 seasons to win the batting crown with an average above.400, registering .424. Santurce won the title the following year, which featured the debut of Wil Cordero, who was named Rookie of the Year. In the 1991\u20131992 season, the Criollos de Caguas franchise was moved to Bayam\u00f3n, but experienced low attendance in that municipality. Due to this, their star players, Juan Gonz\u00e1lez and Iv\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez, were drafted by Santurce and Mayag\u00fcez respectively. The Indios won that season's championship and the Caribbean Series held in Mexico, with Chad Kreuter winning the series' MVP award. Roberto Hernandez won a tie-breaker with Venezuela to secure the series. Cordero was recognized as the league's MVP. The 1992\u201393 season featured the return of Dickie Thon to the league, who led Santurce to a championship over San Juan in the finals as well as the debut of Jose Cruz as a manager. The finals series featured both Thon and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, which attracted 90,369 fans throughout six games, including a record of 23,701 in the last game. Gonz\u00e1lez had won consecutive batting titles in Major League Baseball and was selected the MVP after recording an average of .333 with seven home runs and 14 RBIs.", "Danny Patterson Danny Shane Patterson (born February 17, 1971 in San Gabriel, California) is a former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Texas Rangers (1996\u20131999) and the Detroit Tigers (2000\u20132004). In his career, he is 24\u201322 with a 4.14 ERA, 250 strikeouts, 112 walks, 9 saves, in 384.1 innings pitched. His best season was in 1997 with the Texas Rangers, where he went 10\u20136 with a 3.42 ERA. He also walked 23 batters and struck out 69, while also picking up one save. He was a part of a big trade on November 2, 1999, where the Texas Rangers traded Patterson, Juan Gonz\u00e1lez and Gregg Zaun to the Detroit Tigers for Justin Thompson, Francisco Cordero, Gabe Kapler, Bill Haselman, Frank Catalanotto and minor leaguer Alan Webb. He then signed several minor-league contracts with the San Diego Padres (1-18-05) and the St. Louis Cardinals (8-15-04). Patterson went to college at Cerritos Junior College in Norwalk, California. He and wife Francine reside in Scottsdale, Arizona with their two Children Before being drafted to the Texas Rangers, Patterson was a pitcher for the Tulsa Drillers in the early to mid 1990s. At the time the Tulsa Drillers were owned by the Texas Rangers before being bought by the Houston Astros.", "The season featured the debut of Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, who under the initiative of that season's Manager of the Year, Ram\u00f3n Avil\u00e9s, played every game with Caguas, finishing second in home runs with 9 and RBIs with 34. He was traded for Roberto Alomar during the off-season. Gonz\u00e1lez also reinforced San Juan, recording two home runs in the Caribbean Series. Carlos Baerga and Edgar Mart\u00ednez were the co-MVP players of the 1989-90 season. Mart\u00ednez became the first player in 41 seasons to win the batting crown with an average above.400, registering .424. Santurce won the title the following year, which featured the debut of Wil Cordero, who was named Rookie of the Year. In the 1991\u20131992 season, the \"Criollos de Caguas\" franchise was moved to Bayam\u00f3n, but experienced low attendance in that municipality. Due to this their star players, Juan Gonz\u00e1lez and Iv\u00e1n Rodr\u00edguez, were drafted by Santurce and Mayag\u00fcez respectively. The \"Indios\" won that season's championship and the Caribbean Series held in Mexico, with Chad Kreuter winning the series\u2019 MVP award. Roberto Hernandez won a tie-breaker with Venezuela to secure the series, and Cordero was recognized as the league MVP. The 1992-93 season featured the return of Dickie Thon to the league, who led Santurce to a championship over San Juan in the finals as well as the debut of Jos\u00e9 \"Cheo\" Cruz as a manager. The finals series featured both Thon and Juan Gonz\u00e1lez, which attracted 90,369 fans throughout six games, including a record of 23,701 in the last game. Gonz\u00e1lez had won consecutive batting titles in Major League Baseball and was selected the MVP after recording an average of .333 with seven home runs and 14 RBIs."], "answer": {"text": "He ranked 5th on the club in home runs (24), and completed his 11th season with 20 or more home runs.", "answer_start": 1119}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#2", "question": "Was he indluced into the hall of fmae?", "rewrite": "Was Gonz\u00e1lez inducted into the Hall of Fame?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eduardo Ciannelli Eduardo Ciannelli, sometimes credited as Edward Ciannelli, (30 August 1888 \u2013 8 October 1969), was an Italian baritone and character actor with a long career in American films, mostly playing gangsters and criminals. Ciannelli was born on the island of Ischia, in the Gulf of Naples, the son of a doctor who owned a health spa. He studied surgery at the University of Naples, and worked briefly as a doctor, but his love of grand opera and the dramatic stage won out and he became a successful baritone, singing at La Scala and touring Europe. He went to America from the Port of Naples as a first cabin saloon passenger on board the steamship San Guglielmo, which arrived at the Port of New York on March 19, 1914. In New York, he appeared on Broadway in Oscar Hammerstein II's first musical \"Always You\" and later in \"Rose-Marie\". He appeared in Theatre Guild productions in the late 1920s, co-starring with the Lunts (Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne), and Katharine Cornell. During that period, he appeared in \"Uncle Vanya\", \"The Inspector General\", and \"The Front Page\". In 1935, he played Trock Estrella in Maxwell Anderson's \"Winterset\" on Broadway and repeated his performance in the film version (1936). He played Cauchon in Shaw's \"Saint Joan\" in 1936, after which he left Broadway permanently, except for one notable occasion when he returned to play in Dore Schary's \"The Devil's Advocate\" in 1961 and win the Tony Award for Best Featured Actor. His Hollywood career consists of close to 150 film and television appearances.", "Following the film's completion, \"The Great Silence\" was, as per standard procedure for a Spaghetti Western, edited in its final, completed form and dubbed into five languages: Italian, French, Spanish, German and English. Subtitled versions were created for foreign markets outside of the dubbed versions. The English-language version was written by John Davis Hart and Lewis E. Ciannelli (the son of Eduardo Ciannelli) and recorded at Via Margutta Studios in Rome under Ciannelli's direction. Among the voice actors for the English version were Carolyn De Fonseca, Edward Mannix, Ted Rusoff and Mel Welles. Although Hart and Ciannelli's dub script remains relatively faithful to the original Italian dialogue, the meaning of numerous lines and scenes were changed; Ciannelli in particular frequently embellished the dialogue of films in the dubbing stage, such as \"Arizona Colt\". Much of the dialogue concerning the outlaws, such as a remark made by Walter, the leader of the bandits, about their forthcoming amnesty, as well as Loco's conversation with Burnett about the morality of the thieves, were rewritten to imply that most of the outlaws were being persecuted not simply because of their poverty, but for also practising Mormonism. Several of the characters' names were also changed from Corbucci's originals, for example, \"Tigrero\" became \"Loco\", \"Sheriff Gideon Corbett\" changed to \"Sheriff Gideon Burnett\", and \"Bobo Schultz\" was renamed \"Sanchez\". Film historian Howard Hughes suggests that, despite the implications of a large budget as a result of an international cast, as well as elaborate set and costume designs, there are several aspects that suggest otherwise. These include several continuity errors and revealing mistakes present throughout the film, and a variance in the quality of the film stock.", "Many people involved in the serial are singled out for praise, but the main one is Ciannelli as Doctor Satan, a character who steals the show from the relatively bland Copperhead. The directors, William Witney and John English are noted as the best in their field. Cy Feuer is praised for his music, which is both moody and exciting. Mention is also made of the \"superior\" lighting and \"some of the best stunt work in the fights to ever appear on screen in any kind of film\". The tone of the serial was set by Eduardo Ciannelli's \"piercing malevolent countenance\". Ciannelli's performance \"in a role so susceptible to overacting and scenery chewing\" maintained the \"exact balance between a wild-eyed lunatic with dreams of world conquest and the brilliant, gifted man of science that Doctor Satan might have been. There was a poignancy in his portrayal that gave the uneasy feeling that this cruel genius was somehow a victim of forces that drove him to evil against his basic desire. Nothing was said or done in the screenplay to indicate it, but the feeling was there, nonetheless\".", "Notable among these are \"Marked Woman\" (1937) with Bette Davis, \"Strange Cargo\" (1940) with Joan Crawford and Clark Gable, and perhaps his most famous role, as the fanatical Thuggee guru in \"Gunga Din\" (1939) with Cary Grant. In the 1940 serial \"Mysterious Doctor Satan\", he played the eponymous villain, an evil scientist with an army of robots. In the 1950s and throughout the 1960s, he divided his time among Italian films such as \"The City Stands Trial\", directed by Luigi Zampa, \"Attila\" (1954) with Anthony Quinn and Sophia Loren, \"Helen of Troy\" (1956), appearances in American TV shows such as \"Climax Mystery Theater\", \"The Time Tunnel\", \"Perry Mason\", \"Alfred Hitchcock Presents\", \"Johnny Staccato\", \"The Detectives Starring Robert Taylor\", \"Dr. Kildare\" and a few films including \"Houseboat\" (1958), \"The Visit\" (1964), \"The Chase\" (1966) with Marlon Brando, and \"The Secret of Santa Vittoria\" (1969), with Anthony Quinn and Anna Magnani, which was his last film. Ciannelli was married to Alma Wolfe from 1918 until her death (1968). They had two sons, Eduardo and Lewis E. Ciannelli, who is also an actor. On October 8, 1969, Ciannelli died in Rome, and was interred in the Cimitero Flaminio.", "Doctor Satan's Robot Doctor Satan's Robot is a 1966 made for television film condensed from the original 1940 \"Mysterious Doctor Satan\" film serial named after its chief villain. Master criminal Doctor Satan has a nemesis, a masked mystery man, the \"Copperhead\", whose secret identity is Bob Wayne. Wearing a copper mask, Wayne is searching for justice and revenge on Satan for the death of his step-father. With Doctor Satan creating a mechanical robot that will terrorize the world, Wayne is determined to stop the criminal plans of the evil doctor. \"Doctor Satan's Robot\" and \"Mysterious Doctor Satan\" was directed by the directorial team of William Witney and John English. Doctor Satan is played by Edward Ciannelli and the Copperhead/Bob Wayne by Robert Wilcox. Henry Brandon originally cast as Doctor Satan, was to play in a devil costume, complete with horns. The character was developed into a mad scientist played by Ciannelli. Governor Bronson (Charles Trowbridge), who raised Bob Wayne (Robert Wilcox) from childhood after the death of his parents, is killed at the hands of mad scientist Doctor Satan (Edward Ciannelli). Before he dies, Bronson confides to Wayne a secret about his father who had been an outlaw in the Old West, who fought injustice while wearing a chainmail cowl and leaving small coiled copper snakes as his calling card. Following his guardian's death, Wayne decides to adopt his father's thirst for justice and wear his Copperhead mask. Doctor Satan, meanwhile, requires only a remote control device invented by Professor Scott (C. Montague Shaw) to complete his army of killer robots and gain all the power and riches he desires. Knowing that he has an enemy, Satan uses the threat of killing the Professor's daughter, Lois (Ella Neal) to keep the Cooperhead from disrupting his plans."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He ranked 5th on the club in home runs (24), and completed his 11th season with 20 or more home runs.", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#3", "question": "Did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Gonz\u00e1lez win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andy &amp; Lucas  Andy & Lucas is a popular Spanish Flamenco-inspired pop duo originally from the province of C\u00e1diz in Spain. The band consists of Andr\u00e9s Morales and Lucas Gonz\u00e1lez, who first knew each other as neighbours and friends in their C\u00e1diz neighborhood of La Laguna. The boys went to school together from the first grade on, deciding to form a musical group early on in their friendship. At the age of 12, Morales began writing songs, which he began to perform with Gonz\u00e1lez in bars around Cadiz by the time they were 16. The duo made their recording industry debut four years later with the release of Andy & Lucas, produced by the Argentine-born Alejo Stivel. The disc went on to sell more than 200,000 units, topping the national charts for a number of weeks. The second single of their first album, titled \"Son de Amores\" peaked at number-one in the \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks, on September 18, 2004. The production of a live in-concert (Barcelona) DVD, entitled \"Viviendo un Sueno\" (Living a Dream), saw Morales and Gonz\u00e1lez win their first major award, a Premio Onda for Best New Artist. Another song, \"Ganas de Vivir\" landed a spot on Billboard's European Top 100. Ganas de vivir has been certified as Platinum. Andy y Lucas have sold more than 1 mill. Their album \" Desde Mi Barrio\" received a nomination for a Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Album by a Duo or Group with Vocals. \" Con Los Pies en la Tierra\" is the fourth album by the Cadiz duo. Containing twelve new songs, it went on sale on September 30, 2008. \" Tu que quieres que yo le haga\" was the first single, which appeared in 2008, followed by 'tus miradas' in 2009,  Albums:  Singles:", "say he hoped to speak on the subject of medicine to the members of the medical professin one day. Schmiedel took the initiative and organized a course called the \"Spiritual Science and Medicine/Introducing Anthroposophical Medicine\" course given to 40 mainly homeopathic physicians in Dornach. Dr. Otto Palmer established in Stuttgart in 1920 a clinic for patients. In 1921 Dr. Ita Wegman established the Institute of Clinical Medicine in Arlesheim. Further medical courses were given by Steiner in 1921, 1922 and 1923. Soon the Internationale Laboratorien AG (ILAG) came about in Arlesheim. When the economic enterprise \"Der Kommende Tag\" went bankrupt due to inflation, this included the branches in Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd and Stuttgart. Branches were established in the Netherlands, England, France, Austria and the United States. In 1928 the name officially changed from ILAG to that of 'Weleda' which Rudolf Steiner had suggested for the English firm. From 1935 onwards Oskar Schmiedel had to give more time to the German Weleda, together with Wilhelm Pelikan, Fritz Goette and Arthur von Zabern. He moved to Stuttgart and later to Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd. After the war Oskar Schmiedel worked on the establishment and development of a number of firms abroad, doing so in Austria in 1949, where he also explored the places where Rudolf Steiner had lived when young. In 1951, Oskar Schmiedel returned to Schw\u00e4bisch Gm\u00fcnd, where he ran the Weleda together with Wilhelm Pelikan, Arthur von Zabern and Wilhelm Spiess until he died in his 73rd year. Hans Krueger, Walther Cloos, Theodor Schwenk, Alfred Friedrich, Mechthild Werner and others also contributed much to the work.", "After leaving the Marlins, Gonz\u00e1lez spent 2002 with the Braves' Richmond affiliate, and moved up to the major league Atlanta club early in the 2003 season. On October 3, 2006, Gonz\u00e1lez was named the manager of the Florida Marlins within hours of Joe Girardi being fired. Gonz\u00e1lez was named as a coach for the 2007 NL All-Star Team, replacing Willie Randolph who was undergoing shoulder surgery. After the 2008 season, Gonzalez was named the Sporting News Manager of the Year. After a victory against the St. Louis Cardinals in 2010, Gonz\u00e1lez had won more games than any other manager in Marlins history. On June 23, 2010, Gonz\u00e1lez was fired as Marlins manager. Gonz\u00e1lez led the Marlins to winning seasons in 2008 and 2009, despite working with the lowest payroll in the Major Leagues. The Marlins decided to replace Gonz\u00e1lez with Edwin Rodriguez as the interim manager. On October 13, 2010, Gonz\u00e1lez was officially named the new manager for the Atlanta Braves, succeeding the retiring Bobby Cox. On October 5, 2012, Gonz\u00e1lez managed his first postseason game as a Major League manager. It was a 6-3 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2012 National League Wild Card Game at Turner Field. Gonz\u00e1lez put this game under protest after the Infield Fly Rule was called by umpire Sam Holbrook on a ball that fell in shallow left field in the bottom of the eighth inning. Gonz\u00e1lez earned his first major league postseason win on October 4, 2013, in a 4-3 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers at Turner Field in Game 2 of the National League Division Series. After a 9\u201328 start in 2016, Gonz\u00e1lez was fired by the Braves on May 17. On November 7, 2016, the Miami Marlins hired Gonz\u00e1lez as their new third base coach. Gonzalez will not return for the 2020 season. Shortly after leaving the Braves, Gonz\u00e1lez moved to Malvern, Pennsylvania, to be with his fiancee.", "With only nickel, none are known, but with antimony an octanuclear molecule exists [NiSb(\u03bc4\u2212O)(\u03bc3\u2212OEt)(\u2212OEt)(OEt)(EtOH)]. There are many nickel compounds with the formula template Ni(OAr)XL and Ni(OAr)L. L is a ligand with phosphorus or nitrogen atoms. OAr is a phenol group or O- attached to an aromatic ring. Often an extra molecule of the phenol is hydrogen bonded to the oxygen attached to nickel. Others include cyclododecatriene nickel. Nickel bis-dithiobenzoate can form a violet coloured sodium salt. Two bisperfluoromethyl-l,2-dithietene molecules react with nickel carbonyl to make a double ring compound with nickel linked to four sulfur atoms. This contains four trifluoromethyl groups and is dark purple. Instead of this methyl or phenyl can substitute. These can be made by substituted acetylenes with sulfur on nickel carbonyl, or on nickel sulfide. Bis-diphenyldithiene nickel has a planar structure A hexameric compound [Ni(SR)] is produced in the reaction of nickel carbonyl with dialkyl sulfides (RSR). Nickel can be part of a cubane-type cluster with iron and chalcogens. The metal atoms are arranged in a tetrahedron shape, with the sulfur or selenium making up another tetrahedron that combines to make a cube. For example, the [NiFeS(PPh)(SEt)] is a dianion that has a tetraethyl ammonium salt.", "Pertec Computer Pertec Computer Corporation (PCC), formerly Peripheral Equipment Corporation (PEC), was a computer company based in Chatsworth, California which originally designed and manufactured peripherals such as floppy drives, tape drives, instrumentation control and other hardware for computers. Pertec's most successful products were hard disk drives and tape drives, which were sold as OEM to the top computer manufacturers, including IBM, Siemens and DEC. Pertec manufactured multiple models of seven and nine track half-inch tape drives with densities 800CPI (NRZI) and 1600CPI (PE) and phase-encoding formatters, which were used by a myriad of original equipment manufacturers as I/O devices for their product lines. In the 1970s, Pertec entered the computer industry through several acquisitions of computer producers and started manufacturing and marketing mostly minicomputers for data processing and pre-processing. This split up Pertec into two companies. Pertec Peripherals Corporation (PPC), which remained based in Chatsworth, California, and Pertec Computer Corporation (PCC), which was located at 17112 Armstrong Avenue, in Irvine, California. Pertec bought MITS, the manufacturers of the MITS Altair computer, for US$6.5 million in 1976. This purchase was motivated mainly by the ownership of the Microsoft BASIC sources and general license that Pertec erroneously assumed to be included in the deal. They also acquired iCOM, makers of micro peripherals, in the same year. They believed that these acquisitions would change them from selling computers mostly for hobbyists, to selling them for small businesses. Pertec changed their name, after the acquisition of MITS, from Pertec Corporation to Pertec Computer Corporation to \"be more reflective of the company's present position and to clearly state our future direction\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He ranked 5th on the club in home runs (24), and completed his 11th season with 20 or more home runs.", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he indluced into the hall of fmae?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#4", "question": "Who did he play for when he came back?", "rewrite": "Who did Gonz\u00e1lez play for when he came back?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This is much faster, can be used to insert any genes from any organism (even ones from different domains) and prevents other undesirable genes from also being added. Genetic engineering could potentially fix severe genetic disorders in humans by replacing the defective gene with a functioning one. It is an important tool in research that allows the function of specific genes to be studied. Drugs, vaccines and other products have been harvested from organisms engineered to produce them. Crops have been developed that aid food security by increasing yield, nutritional value and tolerance to environmental stresses. The DNA can be introduced directly into the host organism or into a cell that is then fused or hybridised with the host. This relies on recombinant nucleic acid techniques to form new combinations of heritable genetic material followed by the incorporation of that material either indirectly through a vector system or directly through micro-injection, macro-injection or micro-encapsulation. Genetic engineering does not normally include traditional breeding, in vitro fertilisation, induction of polyploidy, mutagenesis and cell fusion techniques that do not use recombinant nucleic acids or a genetically modified organism in the process. However, some broad definitions of genetic engineering include selective breeding. Cloning and stem cell research, although not considered genetic engineering, are closely related and genetic engineering can be used within them. Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline that takes genetic engineering a step further by introducing artificially synthesised material into an organism. Such synthetic DNA as Artificially Expanded Genetic Information System and Hachimoji DNA is made in this new field. Plants, animals or micro organisms that have been changed through genetic engineering are termed genetically modified organisms or GMOs. If genetic material from another species is added to the host, the resulting organism is called transgenic.", "The surprise choices in the starting line up saw Steven Defour start over Jo\u00e3o Moutinho and Christian Atsu start over Silvestre Varela. Acad\u00e9mica went into the 2012 Superta\u00e7a C\u00e2ndido de Oliveira with no injuries to any of its players. Pedro Emanuel selected a squad of 19 players for the Superta\u00e7a. His squad selection for the Superta\u00e7a saw him include ten newly acquired players: Afonso, Bruno China, Cleyton, Edinho, Henrique, John Ogu, Magique, Makelele, Rodrigo Galo and Salim Ciss\u00e9. Of those ten, Afonso, Cleyton, Makelele, Galo and Ciss\u00e9 would start the game. Ogu and Magique were later used in the game as substitutes. The surprise choice in Pedro Emanuel's starting eleven saw first-team goalkeeper Romuald Peiser be replaced by Ricardo. Porto dominated possession early on and created several chances which tested Acad\u00e9mica's defense. The first major chance of the game saw Miguel Lopes receive the ball inside the eighteen yard box and pass it to James Rodr\u00edguez who fired the ball into Ricardo's hands. Porto's dominance continued with Maicon's free kick being parried by Ricardo and on the follow up, Ricardo blocked Christian Atsu's shot. The first half would remain goalless. Porto entered into the second half dominating possession just like they did in the first half. The first major goal scoring chance of the second half saw Lucho Gonz\u00e1lez play the ball into Acad\u00e9mica's penalty box where Jackson Mart\u00ednez couldn't capitalize off Acad\u00e9mica's defense frailties when he shot the ball over the bar. As the score remained goalless, V\u00edtor Pereira brought on Djalma and Jo\u00e3o Moutinho.", "In 1917, after leaving the Northern Division, Gonz\u00e1lez moved to Texas and temporarily sorted mail at a train station in El Paso. Later, across the border in Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez, Gonz\u00e1lez would take up work as a telegraph operator. In the 1920s, Gonz\u00e1lez fled Ciudad Ju\u00e1rez with his wife and his children due to one of the many battles of the Mexican Revolution. In 1921, he would return to work for the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de M\u00e9xico. In 1923, he came back to El Paso, Texas, where he worked as a telegraph operator with the Mexico North Western Railway. Three years later, he left El Paso and moved with his family to Los Angeles, California where the economy was booming. He found work as a longshoreman on the docks in San Pedro, Los Angeles. While working as a longshoreman, Gonz\u00e1lez and the other workers were not allowed to sing as they loaded and unloaded cargo from ships at the docks. However, one day, Gonz\u00e1lez began singing unconsciously and although the workers had been warned that they would lose their job if they did so, Gonz\u00e1lez was neither reprimanded nor fired. Instead, Gonz\u00e1lez earned a reputation as a singer among his fellow workers. Gonz\u00e1lez, as a result, tried to auditioned as a singer for radio station KMPC's popular live radio. However, the station manager denied him simply because he sang in Spanish. Not discouraged, Gonz\u00e1lez got involved in radio through ads, opening a once untapped source of local radio. In the 1920s, many U.S. companies tried to broaden their audience by appealing to the Mexican population by advertising their products in Spanish. After struggling to find a radio station that would accept him, Gonz\u00e1lez saw an ad from a music house owned by Mauricio Caulder\u00f3n in LA, who hired him. Gonz\u00e1lez thus became a paid ad-reader for Spanish language ads.", "Justin Rose had the round of the day with 64, tying for the lowest round at an Open Championship at Carnoustie. \"Sunday, 22 July 2018\" Francesco Molinari shot a bogey-free round of 69 (\u22122) to become the first Italian to win a major championship. Molinari was three shots behind at the start of the round and began with 13 straight pars before a birdie at the par-5 14th. He hit his approach close to the pin at the 18th and converted another birdie to post 8-under. Molinari didn't make a bogey in his last 37 holes. Tiger Woods, paired with Molinari, made two birdies on the front-nine to take solo possession of the lead. At the 11th, however, he hit his tee shot in the rough and his approach over the green. His chip shot came up short of the green and he failed to get up-and-down, settling for a double bogey. He made another bogey at the 12th, and despite getting a birdie at the par-5 14th after chipping from close to the 4th pin on the double green he finished three shots behind after an even-par 71. Xander Schauffele was in a three-way tie for the lead at the start of the round but found trouble at the 5th when his approach shot buried in a greenside bunker. That led to a bogey, and he made another bogey at the 6th after hitting into a bunker once again. At the 7th Schauffele hit his tee shot into the rough and failed to get out on his second shot. His third went over the green and he made double bogey. He rebounded with a birdie at the 10th to get back into the lead, and another at the 14th.", "The Cat Came Back \"The Cat Came Back\" is a comic song written by Harry S. Miller in 1893. It has since entered the folk tradition and been recorded under variations of the title\u2014\"But the Cat Came Back\", \" And the Cat Came Back\", etc. It is also a popular children's song. The song is humorous in nature, telling a silly tale about \"ole Mister Johnson\" who had an \"ole yaller cat\" that he did not want, and which kept coming back when he tried to get rid of it: <poem> But the cat came back, he couldn't stay no long-er, Yes the cat came back de very next day, the cat came back\u2014thought she were a goner, But the cat came back for it wouldn't stay away.</poem> In Miller's original, the cat finally died when an organ grinder came around one day and: <poem>De cat look'd around awhile an' kinder raised her head When he played Ta-rah-dah-boom-da-rah, an' de cat dropped dead.</poem> Even then the cat's ghost came back. The first commercial recording of the song was ca. 1894 for the Columbia Phonograph Company, Washington D.C., performed by Charles Marsh. \" The Cat Came Back\" was later recorded by Fiddlin' John Carson (OKeh catalog #40119) in April 1924. Other early recordings include one by Dock Philipine \"Fiddlin' Doc\" Roberts (\"And The Cat Came Back The Very Next Day\", Gennett 3235), on November 13, 1925. The original sheet music described the song as \"A Comic Negro Absurdity\" on the back page and provided an additional eight verses as well as a final chorus."], "answer": {"text": "Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 110}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He ranked 5th on the club in home runs (24), and completed his 11th season with 20 or more home runs.", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he indluced into the hall of fmae?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#5", "question": "How was his season?", "rewrite": "How was Gonz\u00e1lez' season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Giancarlo Gonz\u00e1lez Giancarlo \"Pipo\" Gonz\u00e1lez Castro (; born 8 February 1988; also known as Juan Carlos Gonz\u00e1lez in Spanish) is a Costa Rican professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for American club LA Galaxy and the Costa Rica national team. Gonz\u00e1lez spent his youth career with Alajuelense except for a stint with Saprissa when he was between 12 and 14 years of age. He began his professional career with Alajuelense in 2007 and was a key player in helping his club win three league titles. Gonz\u00e1lez joined Norwegian club V\u00e5lerenga after his contract expired on 31 July 2012. During his time at V\u00e5lerenga, Gonz\u00e1lez appeared in 37 league matches and scored two goals. On 21 February 2014, Gonz\u00e1lez signed with Columbus Crew. On 15 April 2014, the MLS Disciplinary Committee fined Gonz\u00e1lez an undisclosed amount for \"embellishment\" of an incident in the 92nd minute of the game against the San Jose Earthquakes on 13 April. Gonz\u00e1lez was also nominated for the satirical \"Fallon d'Floor\" award for this effort. After his performances at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Gonz\u00e1lez received interest from a number of European clubs, and on 26 August 2014 Palermo of Italy's Serie A confirmed to have signed him on a three-year deal. The transfer fee was reported to be $5m with 5% of the fee being distributed among his youth clubs Alajuelense and Saprissa as per the FIFA solidarity contribution rules. He made his debut on 19 October 2014 in a home game against Cesena, playing the full 90 minutes and scoring the winning goal in the first minute of injury time. Palermo's 2016\u201317 season ended with relegation from Serie A with Gonz\u00e1lez making 21 appearances. On 22 June 2017, Bologna announced the signing of Gonz\u00e1lez. On 11 April 2019, Gonz\u00e1lez signed with the LA Galaxy. Gonz\u00e1lez played at the 2007 FIFA U-20", "David Gonz\u00e1lez Giraldo David Gonz\u00e1lez Giraldo (born 20 July 1982), known as David Gonz\u00e1lez, is a Colombian goalkeeper who currently plays for Categor\u00eda Primera A club Independiente Medell\u00edn. Born in Medell\u00edn, Gonz\u00e1lez began his career at his hometown club Independiente Medell\u00edn. In 2002, at the age of 20, he became the youngest goalkeeping champion in the history of Colombian football. In 2006, he moved to Deportivo Cali, before going to \u00c7aykur Rizespor, where he spent two seasons. In 2009, he spent a short time at Club Atl\u00e9tico Hurac\u00e1n in Argentina before becoming a free agent. Gonz\u00e1lez has played over 300 professional club games in South America and Turkey along with the SPL and the English Championship. At the end of 2009 he had a trial with Manchester City, which proved to be successful and signed in January 2010. Gonz\u00e1lez was not named, in Manchester City's 25-man squad for the 2010\u201311 season but became the first choice reserve team goalkeeper where he made some outstanding performances, alerting many Championship clubs to a potential loan move. On 31 January 2011, on transfer deadline day, Gonz\u00e1lez signed a short-term loan with Leeds United With injuries to Shay Given and Gunnar Nielsen, City manager Roberto Mancini had hinted he may recall Gonz\u00e1lez as third choice City keeper for the rest of the season. However, Gonz\u00e1lez remained at Leeds as cover for Kasper Schmeichel and Shane Higgs. On 9 May, Gonz\u00e1lez returned to City after playing 2 games for Leeds. However, he impressed Simon Grayson and the coaching staff with his professionalism and attitude. On 21 June, it was announced that Manchester City were in talks with Scottish Premier League side Aberdeen in regards to a loan move for Gonz\u00e1lez. Aberdeen completed the signing of Gonz\u00e1lez on 29 June 2011 on a 6-month loan from Manchester City.", "Igor Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano  Igor Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano Aranzabal (born 1 November 1973 in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country) is a Spanish former professional road bicycle racer and most recently, the team manager of UCI ProTeam . Following a promising start to his career at Vitalicio Seguros, where he finished the 1999 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a in second place, Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano became a key rival of Lance Armstrong in the middle of his Tour de France supremacy. In the 2002 Tour de France, Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano wore the yellow jersey for seven days and in the 2003 Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a wore the gold jersey for one day. At an average speed of 55.17 km/h, Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano also holds the record for the fastest stage win in the Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a, a feat which earned him the nickname \"Speedy Gonz\u00e1lez\". Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano turned professional in 1995 with the Basque team Euskadi (which is now Euskaltel-Euskadi), which at the time was only in its second year of racing and suffering from financial hardship. During his three seasons at Euskadi, Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano achieved two stage victories and a number of sprints and mountains classifications. For the 1999 season, Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano moved on to the Spanish Vitalicio Seguros team, and it was in this season that Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano made a name for himself on the domestic racing scene. Early in the season, Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano won stage five and finishing fifth in the general classification of the Tirreno\u2013Adriatico and adding three more top ten placings in regional Spanish stage races through the season. Yet, Gonz\u00e1lez de Galdeano saved his best for the Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a in September.", "Miguel Gonz\u00e1lez (footballer, born 1990) Miguel Gonz\u00e1lez (born October 1, 1990) is a Mexican footballer who currently plays as a forward for Miami FC in the National Independent Soccer Association. Gonz\u00e1lez began playing college soccer at Peninsula College in 2010, before moving to Seattle University in 2012. He was named WAC Offensive Player of the Year and First Team All-WAC in 2013. While at college in Seattle, Gonz\u00e1lez appeared once for USL PDL club Seattle Sounders U-23 in 2013. After college, Gonz\u00e1lez trialled with Seattle Sounders FC, before signing with PDL side Kitsap Pumas. Gonz\u00e1lez signed with USL club Colorado Springs Switchbacks on January 27, 2015. Gonz\u00e1lez ended his first season with the Switchbacks with 10 goals and 7 assists. On December 9, 2015 it was announced that Gonz\u00e1lez will rejoin the Switchbacks for the 2016 United Soccer League season. On March 12, 2016 Gonz\u00e1lez scored 1 and assisted 1 in a 3-2 preseason victory against UCCS. Gonzalez scored in the Switchbacks opening game victory of the 2016 USL season, against OKC Energy. His performance earned him a spot on the first 2016 USL Team of the Week. On December 6, 2016, Gonz\u00e1lez signed with Oklahoma City Energy FC, also of the USL. His brother, Daniel, had played for the Energy the season before and had re-signed with the club a few weeks before. He scored his first goal on April 11, scoring a very impressive bicycle kick. Gonz\u00e1lez joined Miami FC of the National Premier Soccer League on 4 February 2019. Gonz\u00e1lez's brother, Daniel, also played for Oklahoma City Energy.", "After leaving the Marlins, Gonz\u00e1lez spent 2002 with the Braves' Richmond affiliate, and moved up to the major league Atlanta club early in the 2003 season. On October 3, 2006, Gonz\u00e1lez was named the manager of the Florida Marlins within hours of Joe Girardi being fired. Gonz\u00e1lez was named as a coach for the 2007 NL All-Star Team, replacing Willie Randolph who was undergoing shoulder surgery. After the 2008 season, Gonzalez was named the Sporting News Manager of the Year. After a victory against the St. Louis Cardinals in 2010, Gonz\u00e1lez had won more games than any other manager in Marlins history. On June 23, 2010, Gonz\u00e1lez was fired as Marlins manager. Gonz\u00e1lez led the Marlins to winning seasons in 2008 and 2009, despite working with the lowest payroll in the Major Leagues. The Marlins decided to replace Gonz\u00e1lez with Edwin Rodriguez as the interim manager. On October 13, 2010, Gonz\u00e1lez was officially named the new manager for the Atlanta Braves, succeeding the retiring Bobby Cox. On October 5, 2012, Gonz\u00e1lez managed his first postseason game as a Major League manager. It was a 6-3 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2012 National League Wild Card Game at Turner Field. Gonz\u00e1lez put this game under protest after the Infield Fly Rule was called by umpire Sam Holbrook on a ball that fell in shallow left field in the bottom of the eighth inning. Gonz\u00e1lez earned his first major league postseason win on October 4, 2013, in a 4-3 win over the Los Angeles Dodgers at Turner Field in Game 2 of the National League Division Series. After a 9\u201328 start in 2016, Gonz\u00e1lez was fired by the Braves on May 17. On November 7, 2016, the Miami Marlins hired Gonz\u00e1lez as their new third base coach. Gonzalez will not return for the 2020 season. Shortly after leaving the Braves, Gonz\u00e1lez moved to Malvern, Pennsylvania, to be with his fiancee."], "answer": {"text": "He hit .282/.324/.451 (94 OPS+) the first year in 70 games.", "answer_start": 125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He ranked 5th on the club in home runs (24), and completed his 11th season with 20 or more home runs.", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he indluced into the hall of fmae?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for when he came back?", "answer": {"text": "Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 110, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#6", "question": "Did he do anything else in texas?", "rewrite": "Did Gonz\u00e1lez do anything else in Texas in addition to hitting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On July 21, 2011, he yet again injured the wrist against the Atlanta Braves. On May 14, 2013, he went 5-for-5 against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field, hitting 2 home runs and setting a new career high with 5 hits in one game. On June 5, 2013, he hit 3 home runs against the Cincinnati Reds at Great American Ball Park in a 12-4 victory. In 2014, with the breakout of Corey Dickerson, Gonz\u00e1lez was moved out to right field. Gonz\u00e1lez won a Silver Slugger Award in right field for the 2015 season after hitting 40 home runs, second most in the National League. After his poor performance in the 2017 season it was highly speculated that Gonzalez would not return to play for the Rockies in the 2018 season. After the 2017 season Gonz\u00e1lez did temporarily leave the team, and entered free agency. However Gonz\u00e1lez was re-signed to a one-year, $8 million contract on March 12, 2018, to remain playing for the Rockies. In 2018, he played 132 games hitting 16 home runs and batting .276 with 67 RBI's. He entered free agency at the end of the season. Gonz\u00e1lez signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians on March 19, 2019; the deal included a non-roster invitation to spring training. He is set to make $2 million, plus $1 million in incentives, because he made the big league roster. The Indians purchased Gonz\u00e1lez's contract on April 14, 2019. Gonz\u00e1lez was designated for assignment by the Indians on May 22, 2019 after hitting .210 with 2 home runs and 7 runs batted in. After clearing waivers, Gonz\u00e1lez elected free agency on May 26, 2019. On May 30, 2019, Gonz\u00e1lez agreed to a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs.", "The following night he defeated Vega's bodyguard, Miguel \"Mr.Big\" Maldonado in an anything goes match. Gonz\u00e1lez won his next contest over Jean Pierre Lafitte. The feud continued with him teaming with Banderas victory over Lafitte and Sewell. Gonz\u00e1lez next entered a feud with Jason Bates, trading wins. This came to am end when he teamed with Banderas to defeat Bates and Lafitte. Four days later he participated in a Texas Tornado match teaming with Chicano to defeat Sewell and Maldonado. This was followed by two victories over midcarder Edgar D\u00edaz. The team of Gonz\u00e1lez and Banderas teamed once again to defeat Lafitte and Vega. Gonz\u00e2lez won the V\u00edctor The Bodyguard Memorial Cup, but lost to Vega in the same event. He then entered a concrete feud with Maldonado, picking two wins and one no contest. Gonz\u00e1lez's next neud was with Slash Venom, who defeated him in a tag team match. After interrupting this angle by wrestling Figueroa to a no contest, Gonz\u00e1lez defeated Kindred in a tag team and singles match. Leading to Sumner Attitude 2005, he teamed with Bison Smith to defeat Figueroa and Vega. At the actual event, Gonz\u00e1lez defeated Vega. In his next appearances, Gonz\u00e1lez lost three tag team matches against different variations of La Compa\u00f1ia. However, he did pick two disqualification victories over Vega. In their next confrontation, Gonz\u00e1lez won a lumberjack match. He lost consecutive tag team constests against the team of Maldonado and Hannibal. Gonz\u00e1lez went on to gather singles victories over Maldonado and Ricky Cruz. Gonz\u00e1lez teamed with Thunder and Lightning twice, defeating Vega and different members of La Compa\u00f1ia. He subsequently defeated Cruz and Vega in lumberjack matches. At Hardcore Weekend, Gonz\u00e1lez lost a coal miner's match to Banderas, avenging this lost the following week.", "The truth is that he raised Nature to the rank of God by conceiving Nature as the fulness of reality, as the One and All. He rejected the specious simplicity obtainable by denying the reality of Matter, or of Mind, or of God. The cosmic system comprehends them all. In fact, God and Nature become identical when each is conceived as the Perfect Self-Existent. This constitutes Spinoza's \"Pantheism\". According to Spinoza, God has \"attributes\". One attribute is 'extension', another attribute is 'thought', and there are infinitely many such attributes. Since Spinoza holds that to exist is to \"act\", some readers take 'extension' to refer to an activity characteristic of bodies (for example, the active process of taking up space, exercising physical power, or resisting a change of place or shape). They take 'thought' to refer to the activity that is characteristic of minds, namely thinking, the exercise of mental power. Each attribute has modes. All bodies are modes of extension, and all ideas are modes of thought. Spinoza's ideas relating to the character and structure of reality are expressed by him in terms of \"substance\", \"attributes\", and \"modes\". These terms are very old and familiar, but not in the sense in which Spinoza employs them. To understand Spinoza, it is necessary to lay aside all preconceptions about them, and follow Spinoza closely. Spinoza found it impossible to understand the finite, dependent, transient objects and events of experience without assuming some reality not dependent on anything else but self-existent, not produced by anything else but eternal, not restricted or limited by anything else but infinite. Such an uncaused, self-sustaining reality he called \"substance\".", "If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics."], "answer": {"text": "The Rangers, however, were preparing for a youth movement and on October 26, 2003, he was granted free agency.", "answer_start": 1221}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He ranked 5th on the club in home runs (24), and completed his 11th season with 20 or more home runs.", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he indluced into the hall of fmae?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for when he came back?", "answer": {"text": "Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his season?", "answer": {"text": "He hit .282/.324/.451 (94 OPS+) the first year in 70 games.", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c58184bc6216481ea37dfbd896cd12cd_0_q#7", "question": "Did he work with kids?", "rewrite": "Did Gonz\u00e1lez work with kids?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cyrtodactylus chanhomeae Cyrtodactylus chanhomeae is a species of gecko that is endemic to Thailand.", "Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey; by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 1598\u20131600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his \"Pilgrimes\" (1625\u20131626). Others, consisting chiefly of notes gathered from contemporary authors, are preserved at the University of Oxford. Hakluyt is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his writings. These works were a fertile source of material for William Shakespeare and other authors. Hakluyt also encouraged the production of geographical and historical writings by others. It was at Hakluyt's suggestion that Robert Parke translated Juan Gonz\u00e1lez de Mendoza's \"The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof\" (1588\u20131590), John Pory made his version of Leo Africanus's \"A Geographical Historie of Africa\" (1600), and P. Erondelle translated Marc Lescarbot's \"Nova Francia\" (1609). The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. A 14-volume critical edition of Hakluyt's \"Principal Navigations\" is being prepared by the Hakluyt Edition Project for Oxford University Press under the general editorship of Daniel Carey, National University of Ireland, Galway, and Claire Jowitt, University of East Anglia. Westminster School named a house after him as recognition of achievement of an Old Westminster.", "Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez (writer) Fernando Gonz\u00e1lez Ochoa (April 24, 1895 \u2013 February 16, 1964), was a Colombian writer and existentialist philosopher known as \"\"el fil\u00f3sofo de Otraparte\"\" (\"The Philosopher from Somewhere-Else\"). He wrote about sociology, history, art, morality, economics, epistemology and theology in a magisterial and creative way, using different genres of literature. Gonz\u00e1lez is considered one of the most original writers of Colombia during the 20th century. His ideas were controversial and had a great influence in the Colombian society at his time and today. The Gonz\u00e1lez work was the inspiration of Nadaism, a literary movement founded by one of his disciples, Gonzalo Arango. The \"Otraparte\" Villa, his house in Envigado, is today a museum and the headquarters of the cultural foundation to preserve and promote his legacy. The place was declared a National Patrimony of Colombia in 2006. Gonz\u00e1lez lived during the beginning of the 20th century (1895\u20131964), a time of change, political turbulence and revolutions in industry. He was born seven years after the new political agreement of a more conservative constitution (1888) that gave great influence to the Catholic Church in Colombian society, especially in the education of future generations. Four years after, when he was 4 years old, the nation fell in a bloody civil war, the 1899 - 1902 Thousand Days War. The other important event that happened during his life was in 1903 when Colombia lost Panama. In 1926 the Banana massacre gave evidence of the labor problems of the different growing Colombian industries. He lived also in one of the first industrialist trade centers of the country, the Metropolitan Area of Medell\u00edn and the first to start an industrial revolution in Colombia during the 1930s.", "Gibreab Teferi reached the rank of Shalaqa-Basha () (commander of the colonel) before leaving the Imperial Guard in 1954. He received many awards for his ethics, loyalty, and service to his country. Gibreab Teferi wrote several plays, both during and after his time with the Kebur Zabagna. Some of these plays were never performed; others received recognition from military and government officials. One of Gibreab's most admirable talents was his ability to write plays in dramatic verse. His plays contained poetry and lots of hidden meanings. Like the English William Shakespeare, Gibreab also adapted ancient tales into modern plays. One play, Astyages The Cruel Leader, tells the tale of Astyages, the last king of the Median Empire (in modern-day Iran). This play, written in dramatic verse, was first published as a book in Ethiopia. This is an incomplete list of plays written by Gibreab: In 1953 E.C, the showing of \"Refugee of Two Worlds\" garnered Gibreab appreciation and recognition among elites, higher officials, friends, and relatives. After the play was over, the higher official who was sitting in front Brigadier-General Mengistu Neway \u1265\u122d\u130b\u12f4\u120d \u1300\u1290\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1290\u12cb\u12ed was touched and crying throughout the show. When it was over and Gibreab came out to the stage to greet his audience, Brigadier-General Mengistu Neway \u1265\u122d\u130b\u12f4\u120d \u1300\u1290\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1290\u12cb\u12ed came out to the stage, took off his wristwatch and gave it to Gibreab Teferi. After that Brigadier-General Mengistu Neway \u1265\u122d\u130b\u12f4\u120d \u1300\u1290\u122b\u120d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u1290\u12cb\u12ed went on to commit a coup d'\u00e9tat on the king Haile Selassie.", "Huntsville is accessible through a variety of roadways, including Highway 60, Highway 11 and Muskoka (Regional) Road 3. Buses to and from Toronto come into the city daily. Main Street is the key in town road that connects with Highway 11 to the west and Highway 60 to the north. Passenger train service to the city from Toronto was provided daily by the \"Northlander\" at the Huntsville railway station, until Northlander discontinued train services in September 2012. Today the tracks are used by CN Rail and Ontario Northland for freight service. The station is now home to a music school. Huntsville Transit provides local bus service in the town on a single east-west route. Service is provided Monday to Saturday. Hockey and lacrosse are popular sports in Huntsville. The town is the hometown of sports icons such as Jack Bionda, for whom an ice surface in Huntsville's municipal arena (The Canada Summit Centre) is named. Don Lough Arena is the name of the Olympic ice surface in the new Canada Summit Centre. Huntsville is home to one of the largest running Girls Hockey Associations. This association has been in existence since 1971/72, and is home to Huntsville Honeys Senior C Team, and the Huntsville Sting Bantam BB team. The town has a lacrosse team, the Huntsville Hawks of the OLA Junior C Lacrosse League as well as a full complement of Minor Lacrosse, from Paperweight to Midget age players. The town also had an Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League team called the Huntsville Otters, which has had players move on to major junior A in the Ontario Hockey League. There has been a new Junior C Hockey team reintroduced to the town as of 2012 season. Huntsville is one of three Canadian towns hosting Ironman 70.3 triathlons. Huntsville also has a large soccer community, run by the Huntsville Soccer Club with over 1,000 participants in total."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What prompted Juan Gonz\u00e1lez' return to Texas?", "answer": {"text": "signing a two-year $24 million contract with the Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "He ranked 5th on the club in home runs (24), and completed his 11th season with 20 or more home runs.", "answer_start": 1119, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he indluced into the hall of fmae?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for when he came back?", "answer": {"text": "Texas Rangers.", "answer_start": 110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his season?", "answer": {"text": "He hit .282/.324/.451 (94 OPS+) the first year in 70 games.", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else in texas?", "answer": {"text": "The Rangers, however, were preparing for a youth movement and on October 26, 2003, he was granted free agency.", "answer_start": 1221, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08eed0eaf9d4a3f8eba1807c32966cd_1_q#0", "question": "When did Skunk Anansie originally form?", "rewrite": "When did Skunk Anansie originally form?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Weak (Skunk Anansie song) \"Weak\" is a song by Skunk Anansie, released as their fourth single. It was the last release to be taken from their debut album \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\". The song is one of Skunk Anansie's well known releases, and often a favourite at festivals. Skin performs a slower, more ballad-like version at many of her solo gigs. The song has also been covered by Rod Stewart on his 1998 album \" When We Were the New Boys\". The music video was directed by duo Hammer & Tongs. It is filmed primarily (with cutaways to third party views) from the point of view of a collapsed cameraman in what appears to be an airport hangar. The cameraman collapses behind a car which then drives off to show the lead singer and the band forming to perform for the offset camera. The recording is interrupted by a little boy who, after being pulled out of the way of the camera abruptly, decides to run off with it and the band gives chase after him.", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical."], "answer": {"text": "in March 1994.", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f08eed0eaf9d4a3f8eba1807c32966cd_1_q#1", "question": "Who were the original members of the band?", "rewrite": "Who were the original members Skunk Anansie?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After forming in 1994, the band released three albums, \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", \"Stoosh\" and \"Post Orgasmic Chill\", which sold over 4 million copies worldwide; their biggest hit was the single \"Weak\". The band disbanded in 2001 and reformed in 2009. they are still recording and touring. After Skunk Anansie split, Skin released her debut solo album \"Fleshwounds\". The album was toned down from her Skunk Anansie days and did not gain the same acclaim from Skunk Anansie fans. She even ditched her trademark bald look and grew her hair into a boyish crop. While the album was not a massive success in the UK, two singles were released from it: \"Trashed\" and \"Faithfulness\". \"Lost\", a double A-side with \"Getting Away with It\", was a planned third single but was pulled shortly before release; promo CDs were sent out to radio stations but it received no airplay. Elsewhere in Europe the album's success was greater. For example, in Italy it peaked at number 6 in the album chart and in Germany at number 18. After releasing \"Fleshwounds\", Skin went on to perform various solo gigs around Europe. She was also support for the European leg of Robbie Williams' and Placebo's world tours. Soon after touring she began to record her second album, \"Fake Chemical State\", which was released for sale on 20 March 2006, preceded by new single \"Just Let the Sun\" two weeks earlier. The first single actually issued from this album was \"Alone in My Room\", a download-only track released on 7 November 2005. ' Alone in My Room' was also the name given to Skin's first solo tour in two years, which commenced in Berlin in November 2005.", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11."], "answer": {"text": "Robbie France,", "answer_start": 271}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Skunk Anansie originally form?", "answer": {"text": "in March 1994.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08eed0eaf9d4a3f8eba1807c32966cd_1_q#2", "question": "When was the bands first tour?", "rewrite": "When was Skunk Anansie's first tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "After forming in 1994, the band released three albums, \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", \"Stoosh\" and \"Post Orgasmic Chill\", which sold over 4 million copies worldwide; their biggest hit was the single \"Weak\". The band disbanded in 2001 and reformed in 2009. they are still recording and touring. After Skunk Anansie split, Skin released her debut solo album \"Fleshwounds\". The album was toned down from her Skunk Anansie days and did not gain the same acclaim from Skunk Anansie fans. She even ditched her trademark bald look and grew her hair into a boyish crop. While the album was not a massive success in the UK, two singles were released from it: \"Trashed\" and \"Faithfulness\". \"Lost\", a double A-side with \"Getting Away with It\", was a planned third single but was pulled shortly before release; promo CDs were sent out to radio stations but it received no airplay. Elsewhere in Europe the album's success was greater. For example, in Italy it peaked at number 6 in the album chart and in Germany at number 18. After releasing \"Fleshwounds\", Skin went on to perform various solo gigs around Europe. She was also support for the European leg of Robbie Williams' and Placebo's world tours. Soon after touring she began to record her second album, \"Fake Chemical State\", which was released for sale on 20 March 2006, preceded by new single \"Just Let the Sun\" two weeks earlier. The first single actually issued from this album was \"Alone in My Room\", a download-only track released on 7 November 2005. ' Alone in My Room' was also the name given to Skin's first solo tour in two years, which commenced in Berlin in November 2005.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11."], "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally", "answer_start": 1414}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Skunk Anansie originally form?", "answer": {"text": "in March 1994.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Robbie France,", "answer_start": 271, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08eed0eaf9d4a3f8eba1807c32966cd_1_q#3", "question": "Where did the band first perform?", "rewrite": "Where did Skunk Anansie first perform?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After forming in 1994, the band released three albums, \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", \"Stoosh\" and \"Post Orgasmic Chill\", which sold over 4 million copies worldwide; their biggest hit was the single \"Weak\". The band disbanded in 2001 and reformed in 2009. they are still recording and touring. After Skunk Anansie split, Skin released her debut solo album \"Fleshwounds\". The album was toned down from her Skunk Anansie days and did not gain the same acclaim from Skunk Anansie fans. She even ditched her trademark bald look and grew her hair into a boyish crop. While the album was not a massive success in the UK, two singles were released from it: \"Trashed\" and \"Faithfulness\". \"Lost\", a double A-side with \"Getting Away with It\", was a planned third single but was pulled shortly before release; promo CDs were sent out to radio stations but it received no airplay. Elsewhere in Europe the album's success was greater. For example, in Italy it peaked at number 6 in the album chart and in Germany at number 18. After releasing \"Fleshwounds\", Skin went on to perform various solo gigs around Europe. She was also support for the European leg of Robbie Williams' and Placebo's world tours. Soon after touring she began to record her second album, \"Fake Chemical State\", which was released for sale on 20 March 2006, preceded by new single \"Just Let the Sun\" two weeks earlier. The first single actually issued from this album was \"Alone in My Room\", a download-only track released on 7 November 2005. ' Alone in My Room' was also the name given to Skin's first solo tour in two years, which commenced in Berlin in November 2005.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical."], "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Skunk Anansie originally form?", "answer": {"text": "in March 1994.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Robbie France,", "answer_start": 271, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the bands first tour?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08eed0eaf9d4a3f8eba1807c32966cd_1_q#4", "question": "Did the first gig at Splash club go well?", "rewrite": "Did the first gig at Splash club go well for Skunk Anansie?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994. In 1995 they were voted Best New British Band by the readers of Kerrang! magazine. At the award ceremony that year drummer Mark Richardson met the band who were looking for a permanent replacement for Robbie France, so an audition was set up and the band was reformed. Soon after that, two of their songs, \"Feed\" and \"Selling Jesus\", appeared on the soundtrack of the film Strange Days in 1995. \"Selling Jesus\" became Skunk Anansie's controversial second song to receive radio play, following their first radio release \"Little Baby Swastikkka\". After hearing this song, radio personality Howard Stern claimed that the band would become a huge hit. Success continued for the band and they were also voted Kerrang! 's Best British Live Act in 1996. In 1997 they were nominated for Best Live Act and Best Group at the MTV Europe Music Awards. The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994, subsequently taking six weeks to record its debut album, Paranoid & Sunburnt, with producer Sylvia Massy at a \"haunted house\" outside the city. The band's first single, \"Selling Jesus,\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film Strange Days; Stoosh followed in 1996. Both albums were released under One Little Indian Records. After switching to the Virgin label in 1998, their third album, Post Orgasmic Chill, was released in 1999. Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally with such bands as U2, Aerosmith, Feeder, Lenny Kravitz, Bad Religion, Rollins Band, Therapy?, Rammstein, Killing Joke, Soulfly, Sevendust, Oomph!, Muse, Staind, Powerman 5000, Veruca Salt, Marion and A Perfect Circle.", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11."], "answer": {"text": "In 1995 they were voted Best New British Band by the readers of Kerrang! magazine.", "answer_start": 70}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Skunk Anansie originally form?", "answer": {"text": "in March 1994.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Robbie France,", "answer_start": 271, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the bands first tour?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the band first perform?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f08eed0eaf9d4a3f8eba1807c32966cd_1_q#5", "question": "What was the band's first album released?", "rewrite": "What was Skunk Anansie's first album released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["European sales for the album stand at two million. Skunk Anansie released \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" on Virgin in 1999. The album was certified Platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for selling more than 1 million units in Europe and the UK. The album was multi-platinum in both Italy and Portugal. 2009 saw the band re-unite, with the single releases of \"Because of You\" and \"Squander\", from the compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\". The album was certified Gold in Poland and Italy while also making the top 10 in Portugal. Skunk Anansie's first studio album after the reunion, \"Wonderlustre\", was released internationally on 13 September 2010. Despite debuting at number 1 in Italy, the album charted moderately in many European territories and became their first studio album to miss the UK top 40. \" Wonderlustre\" spawned the singles \"My Ugly Boy\", \"Over the Love\" and \"You Saved Me\". In 2012, the band released the album \"Black Traffic\", which reached the top 10 in Italy and Switzerland. Their sixth studio album, \"Anarchytecture\", was released on 15 January 2016. In July 2019, Skunk Anansie released the single \"What You Do For Love\". A video for the song was also released. Notes", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's"], "answer": {"text": "in 1995.", "answer_start": 456}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Skunk Anansie originally form?", "answer": {"text": "in March 1994.", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the original members of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Robbie France,", "answer_start": 271, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the bands first tour?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the band first perform?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the first gig at Splash club go well?", "answer": {"text": "In 1995 they were voted Best New British Band by the readers of Kerrang! magazine.", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "rewrite": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Love Will See You Through  Love Will See You Through is the first album by the rock group Phil Lesh and Friends. It is also known as Highlights Volume One. It was recorded live in 1999 and released later that year. In addition to Phil Lesh, this version of the constantly changing lineup of Phil Lesh and Friends includes Jorma Kaukonen (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna), Steve Kimock (Kingfish, Missing Man Formation, The Other Ones), Pete Sears (Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna), Prairie Prince ( The Tubes, Journey, Missing Man Formation), Caitlin Cornwell, and Zoe Ellis. Lesh and Kaukonen each sing lead vocals on about half the songs on the album, and the band's vocal capabilities are enhanced by backup singers Cornwell and Ellis. As usual for Phil Lesh and Friends, the musical emphasis is on jam band style interpretations of Grateful Dead songs, although the album also includes a few numbers from the Airplane and Hot Tuna repertoire.", "Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again.", "Box of Rain \"Box of Rain\" is a song by the Grateful Dead, from their 1970 album \"American Beauty\". The song was composed by bassist Phil Lesh and lyricist Robert Hunter, and sung by Lesh. In later years, the song was a favorite and the crowd would shout \"Let Phil sing!\" to hear the song. \"Box of Rain\" is a song that is drawn from American folk and country musical roots. This is true of many Grateful Dead tunes, and most of the songs on \"American Beauty\" and their other 1970 release \"Workingman's Dead\". As the first song on \"American Beauty\", it was also the first Grateful Dead song released on record to feature Phil Lesh as the lead vocalist. The song also featured two musicians who are not in the band. Dave Torbert played bass, while Lesh played acoustic guitar. David Nelson (of New Riders of the Purple Sage) plays the lead guitar with a Fender Telecaster, while Jerry Garcia plays the piano. While many describe Dave Nelson's Telecaster solo as being performed on a b-bender equipped guitar, the solo was recorded before he owned one, and was performed using traditional bending technique. According to lyricist Hunter, Lesh \"wanted a song to sing to his dying father and had composed a piece complete with every vocal nuance but the words. If ever a lyric 'wrote itself,' this did \u2013 as fast as the pen would pull.\" Lesh practiced the song driving to the nursing home where his father lay with terminal cancer. According to an interview of Hunter by Steve Silberman, as asked by Silberman, \"The song 'Box of Rain' began as a rough vocal outline from Phil Lesh. How does that process work?\"", "On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues.", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331."], "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#1", "question": "What was significant about his childhood?", "rewrite": "What was significant about Phil Lesh\u2019s childhood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again.", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331.", "Love Will See You Through  Love Will See You Through is the first album by the rock group Phil Lesh and Friends. It is also known as Highlights Volume One. It was recorded live in 1999 and released later that year. In addition to Phil Lesh, this version of the constantly changing lineup of Phil Lesh and Friends includes Jorma Kaukonen (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna), Steve Kimock (Kingfish, Missing Man Formation, The Other Ones), Pete Sears (Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna), Prairie Prince ( The Tubes, Journey, Missing Man Formation), Caitlin Cornwell, and Zoe Ellis. Lesh and Kaukonen each sing lead vocals on about half the songs on the album, and the band's vocal capabilities are enhanced by backup singers Cornwell and Ellis. As usual for Phil Lesh and Friends, the musical emphasis is on jam band style interpretations of Grateful Dead songs, although the album also includes a few numbers from the Airplane and Hot Tuna repertoire.", "Box of Rain \"Box of Rain\" is a song by the Grateful Dead, from their 1970 album \"American Beauty\". The song was composed by bassist Phil Lesh and lyricist Robert Hunter, and sung by Lesh. In later years, the song was a favorite and the crowd would shout \"Let Phil sing!\" to hear the song. \"Box of Rain\" is a song that is drawn from American folk and country musical roots. This is true of many Grateful Dead tunes, and most of the songs on \"American Beauty\" and their other 1970 release \"Workingman's Dead\". As the first song on \"American Beauty\", it was also the first Grateful Dead song released on record to feature Phil Lesh as the lead vocalist. The song also featured two musicians who are not in the band. Dave Torbert played bass, while Lesh played acoustic guitar. David Nelson (of New Riders of the Purple Sage) plays the lead guitar with a Fender Telecaster, while Jerry Garcia plays the piano. While many describe Dave Nelson's Telecaster solo as being performed on a b-bender equipped guitar, the solo was recorded before he owned one, and was performed using traditional bending technique. According to lyricist Hunter, Lesh \"wanted a song to sing to his dying father and had composed a piece complete with every vocal nuance but the words. If ever a lyric 'wrote itself,' this did \u2013 as fast as the pen would pull.\" Lesh practiced the song driving to the nursing home where his father lay with terminal cancer. According to an interview of Hunter by Steve Silberman, as asked by Silberman, \"The song 'Box of Rain' began as a rough vocal outline from Phil Lesh. How does that process work?\"", "On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues."], "answer": {"text": "started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 43}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#2", "question": "Did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Phil Lesh go to college?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues.", "Box of Rain \"Box of Rain\" is a song by the Grateful Dead, from their 1970 album \"American Beauty\". The song was composed by bassist Phil Lesh and lyricist Robert Hunter, and sung by Lesh. In later years, the song was a favorite and the crowd would shout \"Let Phil sing!\" to hear the song. \"Box of Rain\" is a song that is drawn from American folk and country musical roots. This is true of many Grateful Dead tunes, and most of the songs on \"American Beauty\" and their other 1970 release \"Workingman's Dead\". As the first song on \"American Beauty\", it was also the first Grateful Dead song released on record to feature Phil Lesh as the lead vocalist. The song also featured two musicians who are not in the band. Dave Torbert played bass, while Lesh played acoustic guitar. David Nelson (of New Riders of the Purple Sage) plays the lead guitar with a Fender Telecaster, while Jerry Garcia plays the piano. While many describe Dave Nelson's Telecaster solo as being performed on a b-bender equipped guitar, the solo was recorded before he owned one, and was performed using traditional bending technique. According to lyricist Hunter, Lesh \"wanted a song to sing to his dying father and had composed a piece complete with every vocal nuance but the words. If ever a lyric 'wrote itself,' this did \u2013 as fast as the pen would pull.\" Lesh practiced the song driving to the nursing home where his father lay with terminal cancer. According to an interview of Hunter by Steve Silberman, as asked by Silberman, \"The song 'Box of Rain' began as a rough vocal outline from Phil Lesh. How does that process work?\"", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331.", "Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again.", "Love Will See You Through  Love Will See You Through is the first album by the rock group Phil Lesh and Friends. It is also known as Highlights Volume One. It was recorded live in 1999 and released later that year. In addition to Phil Lesh, this version of the constantly changing lineup of Phil Lesh and Friends includes Jorma Kaukonen (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna), Steve Kimock (Kingfish, Missing Man Formation, The Other Ones), Pete Sears (Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna), Prairie Prince ( The Tubes, Journey, Missing Man Formation), Caitlin Cornwell, and Zoe Ellis. Lesh and Kaukonen each sing lead vocals on about half the songs on the album, and the band's vocal capabilities are enhanced by backup singers Cornwell and Ellis. As usual for Phil Lesh and Friends, the musical emphasis is on jam band style interpretations of Grateful Dead songs, although the album also includes a few numbers from the Airplane and Hot Tuna repertoire."], "answer": {"text": "player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 67}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#3", "question": "Did he play violin in any orchestra in highschool?", "rewrite": "Did Phil Lesh play violin in any orchestra in highschool?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues.", "Box of Rain \"Box of Rain\" is a song by the Grateful Dead, from their 1970 album \"American Beauty\". The song was composed by bassist Phil Lesh and lyricist Robert Hunter, and sung by Lesh. In later years, the song was a favorite and the crowd would shout \"Let Phil sing!\" to hear the song. \"Box of Rain\" is a song that is drawn from American folk and country musical roots. This is true of many Grateful Dead tunes, and most of the songs on \"American Beauty\" and their other 1970 release \"Workingman's Dead\". As the first song on \"American Beauty\", it was also the first Grateful Dead song released on record to feature Phil Lesh as the lead vocalist. The song also featured two musicians who are not in the band. Dave Torbert played bass, while Lesh played acoustic guitar. David Nelson (of New Riders of the Purple Sage) plays the lead guitar with a Fender Telecaster, while Jerry Garcia plays the piano. While many describe Dave Nelson's Telecaster solo as being performed on a b-bender equipped guitar, the solo was recorded before he owned one, and was performed using traditional bending technique. According to lyricist Hunter, Lesh \"wanted a song to sing to his dying father and had composed a piece complete with every vocal nuance but the words. If ever a lyric 'wrote itself,' this did \u2013 as fast as the pen would pull.\" Lesh practiced the song driving to the nursing home where his father lay with terminal cancer. According to an interview of Hunter by Steve Silberman, as asked by Silberman, \"The song 'Box of Rain' began as a rough vocal outline from Phil Lesh. How does that process work?\"", "Over this period, the lineups included:    From November 1999 onwards, the \"core\" of the group was Phil, John Molo, and Rob Barraco on keys (except where noted) For the summer 2000 tour, the lineup primarily consistent of Robben Ford and members of Little Feat The most permanent of the Phil Lesh and Friends lineups, known as the Phil Lesh Quintet (PLQ or just \"the Q\" for short) played on a mostly-regular basis from September 2000 through December 2003. The members of this incarnation were Lesh, Warren Haynes (guitar & vocals; also of Gov't Mule and Allman Brothers Band), Jimmy Herring (guitar; the Allman Brothers Band, Aquarium Rescue Unit, and most recently Widespread Panic), Rob Barraco (keyboards; the Dead, the Zen Tricksters, Dark Star Orchestra) and John Molo (drums; Bruce Hornsby and the Range, the Other Ones, Modereko, Keller Williams, David Nelson Band, Jemimah Puddleduck, and John Fogerty). This lineup released the only Phil Lesh and Friends studio album, \"There and Back Again\", on Columbia Records in 2002. It included several new songs from Lesh and Robert Hunter, longtime Grateful Dead lyricist, as well as one recent favorite from Jerry Garcia and Hunter, and several original contributions from Haynes, Barraco/Mattson and Herring. During the summer tour of 2001, the band performed a series of instrumental numbers composed by Lesh. The songs were inspired by the solar system. While they were never officially released on an album, they have come to be known as the \"Planet Jams\". A very popular bootleg compilation of these songs has been circulating since then. Ryan Adams started performing with the band in June 2005, followed by Chris Robinson in November/December 2005.", "Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again.", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331."], "answer": {"text": "he switched to trumpet and participated in all of the school's music-related extracurricular activities.", "answer_start": 115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#4", "question": "What did he do after school?", "rewrite": "What did Phil Lesh do after high school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues.", "Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again.", "Love Will See You Through  Love Will See You Through is the first album by the rock group Phil Lesh and Friends. It is also known as Highlights Volume One. It was recorded live in 1999 and released later that year. In addition to Phil Lesh, this version of the constantly changing lineup of Phil Lesh and Friends includes Jorma Kaukonen (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna), Steve Kimock (Kingfish, Missing Man Formation, The Other Ones), Pete Sears (Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna), Prairie Prince ( The Tubes, Journey, Missing Man Formation), Caitlin Cornwell, and Zoe Ellis. Lesh and Kaukonen each sing lead vocals on about half the songs on the album, and the band's vocal capabilities are enhanced by backup singers Cornwell and Ellis. As usual for Phil Lesh and Friends, the musical emphasis is on jam band style interpretations of Grateful Dead songs, although the album also includes a few numbers from the Airplane and Hot Tuna repertoire.", "Box of Rain \"Box of Rain\" is a song by the Grateful Dead, from their 1970 album \"American Beauty\". The song was composed by bassist Phil Lesh and lyricist Robert Hunter, and sung by Lesh. In later years, the song was a favorite and the crowd would shout \"Let Phil sing!\" to hear the song. \"Box of Rain\" is a song that is drawn from American folk and country musical roots. This is true of many Grateful Dead tunes, and most of the songs on \"American Beauty\" and their other 1970 release \"Workingman's Dead\". As the first song on \"American Beauty\", it was also the first Grateful Dead song released on record to feature Phil Lesh as the lead vocalist. The song also featured two musicians who are not in the band. Dave Torbert played bass, while Lesh played acoustic guitar. David Nelson (of New Riders of the Purple Sage) plays the lead guitar with a Fender Telecaster, while Jerry Garcia plays the piano. While many describe Dave Nelson's Telecaster solo as being performed on a b-bender equipped guitar, the solo was recorded before he owned one, and was performed using traditional bending technique. According to lyricist Hunter, Lesh \"wanted a song to sing to his dying father and had composed a piece complete with every vocal nuance but the words. If ever a lyric 'wrote itself,' this did \u2013 as fast as the pen would pull.\" Lesh practiced the song driving to the nursing home where his father lay with terminal cancer. According to an interview of Hunter by Steve Silberman, as asked by Silberman, \"The song 'Box of Rain' began as a rough vocal outline from Phil Lesh. How does that process work?\"", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331."], "answer": {"text": "Upon dropping out, he successfully auditioned for the renowned Sixth Army Band", "answer_start": 598}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play violin in any orchestra in highschool?", "answer": {"text": "he switched to trumpet and participated in all of the school's music-related extracurricular activities.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#5", "question": "How long did he stay with the Sixth Army Band?", "rewrite": "How long did Phil Lesh stay with the Sixth Army Band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Love Will See You Through  Love Will See You Through is the first album by the rock group Phil Lesh and Friends. It is also known as Highlights Volume One. It was recorded live in 1999 and released later that year. In addition to Phil Lesh, this version of the constantly changing lineup of Phil Lesh and Friends includes Jorma Kaukonen (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna), Steve Kimock (Kingfish, Missing Man Formation, The Other Ones), Pete Sears (Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna), Prairie Prince ( The Tubes, Journey, Missing Man Formation), Caitlin Cornwell, and Zoe Ellis. Lesh and Kaukonen each sing lead vocals on about half the songs on the album, and the band's vocal capabilities are enhanced by backup singers Cornwell and Ellis. As usual for Phil Lesh and Friends, the musical emphasis is on jam band style interpretations of Grateful Dead songs, although the album also includes a few numbers from the Airplane and Hot Tuna repertoire.", "On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues.", "Box of Rain \"Box of Rain\" is a song by the Grateful Dead, from their 1970 album \"American Beauty\". The song was composed by bassist Phil Lesh and lyricist Robert Hunter, and sung by Lesh. In later years, the song was a favorite and the crowd would shout \"Let Phil sing!\" to hear the song. \"Box of Rain\" is a song that is drawn from American folk and country musical roots. This is true of many Grateful Dead tunes, and most of the songs on \"American Beauty\" and their other 1970 release \"Workingman's Dead\". As the first song on \"American Beauty\", it was also the first Grateful Dead song released on record to feature Phil Lesh as the lead vocalist. The song also featured two musicians who are not in the band. Dave Torbert played bass, while Lesh played acoustic guitar. David Nelson (of New Riders of the Purple Sage) plays the lead guitar with a Fender Telecaster, while Jerry Garcia plays the piano. While many describe Dave Nelson's Telecaster solo as being performed on a b-bender equipped guitar, the solo was recorded before he owned one, and was performed using traditional bending technique. According to lyricist Hunter, Lesh \"wanted a song to sing to his dying father and had composed a piece complete with every vocal nuance but the words. If ever a lyric 'wrote itself,' this did \u2013 as fast as the pen would pull.\" Lesh practiced the song driving to the nursing home where his father lay with terminal cancer. According to an interview of Hunter by Steve Silberman, as asked by Silberman, \"The song 'Box of Rain' began as a rough vocal outline from Phil Lesh. How does that process work?\"", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331.", "Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again."], "answer": {"text": "Shortly thereafter, he enrolled at the College of San Mateo,", "answer_start": 821}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play violin in any orchestra in highschool?", "answer": {"text": "he switched to trumpet and participated in all of the school's music-related extracurricular activities.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after school?", "answer": {"text": "Upon dropping out, he successfully auditioned for the renowned Sixth Army Band", "answer_start": 598, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#6", "question": "What did he major in at the College of San Mateo?", "rewrite": "What did Phil Lesh major in at the College of San Mateo?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["San Mateo County History Museum The San Mateo County History Museum is located in downtown Redwood City, California. Housed inside the former San Mateo County Courthouse built in 1910, the museum showcases the rich history of San Mateo County and the surrounding area. Operations and funding for the museum are by the San Mateo County Historical Association (SMCHA). The current location of this museum opened on February 6, 1999, however from 1963 until 1998 the museum was located at the College of San Mateo. The building is a product of the City Beautiful Movement (1893-1920) and has a stained-glass dome thought to be the largest of its kind on the West Coast. Two other museums are operated by the SMCHA including the Woodside Store and the S\u00e1nchez Adobe Park. The mission of the San Mateo County Historical Association is: \"To inspire wonder and discovery of the cultural and natural history of San Mateo County.\" The San Mateo County Historical Association was founded in 1935. One of its early members was Dr. Frank Stanger, a history professor at San Mateo Junior College, now the College of San Mateo. Through his efforts, the San Mateo County Historical Museum (now the San Mateo County History Museum) was founded in a College classroom in 1941. As the College grew, so did the Museum. Then in 1998, seeking larger and more publicly accessible quarters, the Historical Association's Board of Directors decided to move the Museum into the old courthouse in downtown Redwood City. The Museum expanded from its 6,000 square-foot original location to 40,000 square feet. Between 1998 and 2006, more than $20 million was spent on the restoration and renovation of the exterior and interior of the museum. The San Mateo County Historical Association is known principally for the operation of its San Mateo County History Museum and two historic sites, the Woodside Store and S\u00e1nchez Adobe.", "Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again.", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331.", "On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues.", "Before Time Began  Before Time Began is the eleventh studio album and thirteenth album overall by the country rock group the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released in 1986 on the Relix Records label. The first half of the album contains very early recording sessions by the New Riders. Some of the songs are performed by the original lineup of the band, which consisted of John \"Marmaduke\" Dawson, David Nelson, and three members of the Grateful Dead \u2014 Jerry Garcia, Phil Lesh, and Mickey Hart. The second half of the album contains experimental music created by David Nelson, called \"The Backwards Tapes\". The first four songs on \"Before Time Began\" are from the New Riders' first studio session, at Pacific Heights Recording in San Francisco, California, in November 1969. This is the only known studio recording made by the band's original lineup. In the following two years, NRPS often performed as the opening act at Grateful Dead concerts. In 1970, Dave Torbert replaced Phil Lesh as the New Riders' bass player, and Spencer Dryden replaced Mickey Hart on drums. The next two songs on the album are from an even earlier studio session, before the New Riders of the Purple Sage had formed. This session took place at Pacific Recording in San Mateo, California, on July 31, 1968. These tracks are credited to \"Marmaduke and friends\". According to the album liner notes, which were written by David Nelson, these are \"two songs John [Dawson] cut in 1968 in San Mateo with the help of Garcia and some members of Doug Sahm's group,\" indicating that Jerry Garcia plays pedal steel guitar on these tracks. Bob Matthews was the audio engineer at both studio sessions. Along with Betty Cantor, Matthews recorded many Grateful Dead concerts, and co-produced their albums \"Live/Dead\" and \"American Beauty\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play violin in any orchestra in highschool?", "answer": {"text": "he switched to trumpet and participated in all of the school's music-related extracurricular activities.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after school?", "answer": {"text": "Upon dropping out, he successfully auditioned for the renowned Sixth Army Band", "answer_start": 598, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay with the Sixth Army Band?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly thereafter, he enrolled at the College of San Mateo,", "answer_start": 821, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_728ad71c542c42cdb287a432b9de3d9f_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the backgorund of Phil Lesh, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Box of Rain \"Box of Rain\" is a song by the Grateful Dead, from their 1970 album \"American Beauty\". The song was composed by bassist Phil Lesh and lyricist Robert Hunter, and sung by Lesh. In later years, the song was a favorite and the crowd would shout \"Let Phil sing!\" to hear the song. \"Box of Rain\" is a song that is drawn from American folk and country musical roots. This is true of many Grateful Dead tunes, and most of the songs on \"American Beauty\" and their other 1970 release \"Workingman's Dead\". As the first song on \"American Beauty\", it was also the first Grateful Dead song released on record to feature Phil Lesh as the lead vocalist. The song also featured two musicians who are not in the band. Dave Torbert played bass, while Lesh played acoustic guitar. David Nelson (of New Riders of the Purple Sage) plays the lead guitar with a Fender Telecaster, while Jerry Garcia plays the piano. While many describe Dave Nelson's Telecaster solo as being performed on a b-bender equipped guitar, the solo was recorded before he owned one, and was performed using traditional bending technique. According to lyricist Hunter, Lesh \"wanted a song to sing to his dying father and had composed a piece complete with every vocal nuance but the words. If ever a lyric 'wrote itself,' this did \u2013 as fast as the pen would pull.\" Lesh practiced the song driving to the nursing home where his father lay with terminal cancer. According to an interview of Hunter by Steve Silberman, as asked by Silberman, \"The song 'Box of Rain' began as a rough vocal outline from Phil Lesh. How does that process work?\"", "On February 4, 2008, Phil and Friends joined Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir and drummer Mickey Hart, along with Barry Sless and RatDog guitarist Mark Karan, for a concert called \"Deadheads for Obama\", in support of Barack Obama's presidential campaign. The show was the first time that Weir, Hart, and Lesh had played together since 2004. Even more recently, the band performed the final shows at the Warfield Theatre in San Francisco. Bob Weir sat in for a run of five nights that included sets of the Grateful Dead's first few albums. In the fall of 2008, Phil Lesh and Friends toured the Eastern United States, including a run of 14 shows in 19 days, known as \"Philathon\", at the Nokia Theatre Times Square in New York City. The final Phil Lesh and Friends performance until 2012 was on 12/31/08. Meanwhile, Phil has been touring with The Dead and Furthur. On Phil Lesh's website, 3 dates at the 1stBank Center in Broomfield, Colorado, were scheduled for the February 16, 17, and 18. A twelve-date appearance at Lesh's new club, Terrapin Crossroads, is set to commence on March 17, 2012, which many old members of the band returning to appear alongside Lesh, as well as a few new members. On April 26 through April 29 the original Quintet returned, performing four sold-out shows at Terrapin Crossroads. The band also appeared at the 2012 Gathering of the Vibes and All Good Music Festival, featuring Phil Lesh, Jackie Greene, Grahame Lesh, Brian Lesh, Joe Russo, Larry Campbell, and Teresa Williams In 2014, Phil Lesh signed an exclusive deal with concert promoter Peter Shapiro to perform 44 concerts across Shapiro's venues.", "Rob Barraco Rob Barraco is an American keyboardist. Born and raised in Long Island, NY, he has played with Phil Lesh and Friends, The Dead, Dark Star Orchestra, Chris Robinson & New Earth Mud, the Zen Tricksters, Red Flannel Hash, and The Dragonflys. He was the permanent keyboardist for Phil Lesh and Friends from 2000 to 2003 and has been in the band's line-up at other times. He also played keyboards (alongside Jeff Chimenti) when ex-members of The Grateful Dead reformed as The Other Ones (in 2002), and then as The Dead (in 2003). Rob has played music on both keyboard and guitar since the age of 6 and has been a professional musician all his adult life. For over ten years in the 1980s and early 1990s he was keyboardist for the popular The Cosby Show and its spin-off, A Different World. Rob toured with R&B performer Freddie Jackson in the late 1980s before joining The Zen Tricksters. Rob spent eleven years touring and recording with The Tricksters, turning out two studio albums and playing live shows across the US and Canada. Their second album, A Love Surreal, brought the band to the attention of Grateful Dead bassist Phil Lesh, who summoned Rob and Trickster guitarist Jeff Mattson to play a series of shows in San Francisco and then on to tour the country double billing with Bob Dylan. That band included drummer John Molo and Allman Brothers Band guitarists Derek Trucks and Warren Haynes. The following year Barraco became a member of the Phil Lesh Quintet, including Lesh, Barraco, Molo, Haynes, and guitarist Jimmy Herring. Known by fans as \"The Q\", the Quintet went on to tour the United States for three years and put out one studio album, There and Back Again.", "Love Will See You Through  Love Will See You Through is the first album by the rock group Phil Lesh and Friends. It is also known as Highlights Volume One. It was recorded live in 1999 and released later that year. In addition to Phil Lesh, this version of the constantly changing lineup of Phil Lesh and Friends includes Jorma Kaukonen (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna), Steve Kimock (Kingfish, Missing Man Formation, The Other Ones), Pete Sears (Rod Stewart, Jefferson Starship, Hot Tuna), Prairie Prince ( The Tubes, Journey, Missing Man Formation), Caitlin Cornwell, and Zoe Ellis. Lesh and Kaukonen each sing lead vocals on about half the songs on the album, and the band's vocal capabilities are enhanced by backup singers Cornwell and Ellis. As usual for Phil Lesh and Friends, the musical emphasis is on jam band style interpretations of Grateful Dead songs, although the album also includes a few numbers from the Airplane and Hot Tuna repertoire.", "Thirty of those performances would take place at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York, with the others at the Brooklyn Bowls in New York, London and Las Vegas, as well as the Lockn' Festival in Arrington, Virginia. Phil Lesh and Friends featuring Warren Haynes, Jackie Greene, John Medeski and Joe Russo performed two shows on April 14 and 15 at Brooklyn Academy of Music. Phil and Friends then played two shows at Central Park's Rumsey Playfield on May 28 and 31. The incarnation of this band included Warren Haynes, John Scofield, John Medeski and Joe Russo. Starting in January 2015, Phil Lesh and Friends celebrated the Grateful Dead's by performing tribute concerts, recreating select concerts from the Grateful Dead's 30-year career, at his restaurant Terrapin Crossroads, along with select Grateful Dead Recreational Tribute shows at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester, New York. These celebrations of the Grateful Dead's 50th Anniversary continued into 2016. In 2015, Phil Lesh And Friends had to cancel two shows at Terrapin Crossroads on October 24\u201325, due to the bladder cancer diagnosis of Phil Lesh. At the 2015 Lockn' Festival, Carlos Santana made his debut as one of Phils \"Friends\", sitting in for the whole set. The next night at Lock'n, The Chris Robinson Brotherhood also sat in with Phil Lesh & Friends. In celebration of Phil's 76th birthday in 2015, Phil resurrected the classic \"Q\" lineup for a 2-night run at The Capitol Theatre, in Port Chester. In January 2016, it was announced that Phil Lesh and Friends will perform a New Year's Eve run in Hawaii, from December 29\u201331."], "answer": {"text": "Lesh was unable to secure a favorable position in the school's band or orchestra and determined that he was not ready to pursue a higher education.", "answer_start": 450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Phil Lesh born?", "answer": {"text": "Lesh was born in Berkeley, California,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was significant about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "started out as a violin player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "player. While enrolled at Berkeley High School,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play violin in any orchestra in highschool?", "answer": {"text": "he switched to trumpet and participated in all of the school's music-related extracurricular activities.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after school?", "answer": {"text": "Upon dropping out, he successfully auditioned for the renowned Sixth Army Band", "answer_start": 598, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay with the Sixth Army Band?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly thereafter, he enrolled at the College of San Mateo,", "answer_start": 821, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he major in at the College of San Mateo?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#0", "question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "rewrite": "Was Patsy ever married?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Patsy of Paradise Place Patsy of Paradise Place, is a romantic fiction novel written by the English author Rosie Harris. The story is mostly set in Liverpool, and talks about the struggles of a young woman named Patsy Callaghan. It was first published in 2002. When Patsy Callaghan's father discovers that her mother, Maeve, neglects her, he stops going to sea. John Callagan buys a horse and cart and sets up as a carrier at Liverpool Docks. Patsy loves going out on the carrier with her father and Billy Grant, the boy that helps him. When one day John Callaghan is killed in an accident, and Maeave goes out again drinking binges, Billy, who is deeply in love with Patsy, helps her continue the business. Patsy falls in love with Bruno Alvarez a handsome fairground showman, and believes he is going to marry her and will travel to Spain together. When Patsy brings him to meet Maeve, he stays for the night and the next morning, Patsy finds Bruno and Maeve in bed together. Billy comforts her and tries to calm her down, until they end up making love. But when Maeve finds out that Patsy is pregnant, she throws her out of the house. Patsy hides in the stables and Billy takes care of the baby, Liam, when he is born. While she is hiding in the stables, Billy has an accident and is crippled. Unable to find Bruno, Patsy lives with Billy's family. As Liam gets older, Patsy starts working as a nurse. When Liam develops tuberculosis, Patsy decides to find Bruno and discovers that he and her mother went off together. Eventually, Liam dies and Patsy is once more depressed. Billy comforts her again, and she realises how much she loves him. They decide to open a new business on their own and get married.", "When they asked him, \"Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife for any cause?\" he answered by reaffirming God's will as stated in Genesis and , that in marriage husband and wife are made \"one flesh\", and what God has united man must not separate. There is no evidence that Jesus himself ever married, and considerable evidence that he remained single. In contrast to Judaism and many other traditions, he taught that there is a place for voluntary singleness in Christian service. He believed marriage could be a distraction from an urgent mission, that he was living in a time of crisis and urgency where the Kingdom of God would be established where there would be no marriage nor giving in marriage: In Jesus is asked about the continuing state of marriage after death and he affirms that at the resurrection \"people will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.\" The Apostle Paul quoted passages from Genesis almost verbatim in two of his New Testament books. He used marriage not only to describe the kingdom of God, as Jesus had done, but to define also the nature of the 1st-century Christian church. His theological view was a Christian development of the Old Testament parallel between marriage and the relationship between God and Israel. He analogized the church as a bride and Christ as the bridegroom\u2500drawing parallels between Christian marriage and the relationship between Christ and the Church. There is no hint in the New Testament that Jesus was ever married, and no clear evidence that Paul was ever married. However, both Jesus and Paul seem to view marriage as a legitimate calling from God for Christians. Paul elevates singleness to that of the preferable position, but does offer a caveat suggesting this is \"because of the impending crisis\"\u2014which could itself extend to present times (see also Pauline privilege).", "She later claims that their mother actually loved Patsy since, out of all the children she had, she bothered to send Patsy to school (although Patsy points out that by the time she went, she was \"bigger than the teacher.\") Patsy later aids her in stealing money and jewelry from Edina, before Jackie returns to Paris to run her charity for unwanted cats. In the course of the episode, it is revealed that there are many other Stone siblings, but nobody knows how many, as their mother \"was such a slut\". Jackie also forces Patsy to claim that she is the older of the two, by burning her with a cigarette. Jackie admits to being 72 years old when she is alone with Patsy. Jackie later returns in the series 5 episode \"Cold Turkey\", when she is summoned to the hospital where Patsy is feared to be dying, apparently from the effects of a voodoo doll in Jackie's possession. In the hospital, the two sisters recall how Jackie stole the \"only man Patsy ever loved\". After forcing Patsy to leave her everything in her will, Jackie prepares to murder Patsy through a massive heroin overdose. However, it is Jackie who is discovered dead the next morning, the implication being that Patsy managed to turn the tables and that she in fact murdered Jackie. Magda, Fleur and Catriona are three recurring characters throughout the series, portrayed by Kathy Burke, Harriet Thorpe and Helen Lederer respectively. Initially, the three appear in series one, episode six, \"Magazine\", as colleagues of Patsy's. Magda is the editor of the magazine where Patsy is Fashion Director, whereas Fleur and Catriona are either editors or directors of other departments\u2014their roles never being specified.", "Domokos B\u00f6l\u00f6ni Domokos B\u00f6l\u00f6ni (Daia, August 11, 1946) is a Romanian Magyar writer and journalist. After studying in T\u00e2rn\u0103veni, he studied the Romanian Hungarian language in T\u00e2rgu Mure\u015f. He has worked as a teacher in Corund and as a journalist for N\u00e9p\u00fajs\u00e1g. He is married and has three children and three grandchildren.", "At the time, Philly was acting capo of Junior Soprano's crew and Patsy was a member. He is from Bloomfield, New Jersey. Patsy never had concrete evidence about his brother's murder but it occurred soon after a brief and bloody war between Junior and Tony, and Philly was known to be talking about Tony's actions. It was this killing that prompted Tony to move Patsy to keep an eye on him. Patsy took the killing very hard, which brought on a problem with alcoholism and considering killing Tony \u2014 in 2000, a drunken Patsy was observed by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents outside the Soprano family home leveling a gun at Tony through his window on his birthday. He reconsidered though, and only urinated in the Sopranos' pool. Patsy also openly vented his feelings of loss to the Soprano crew in front of the men responsible for his brother's death, Gigi and Tony, at a dinner in the back of Satriale's. However, he eventually put his grief behind him. Patsy still has questionable loyalties. When Patsy's then capo Paulie Gualtieri was in prison in 2002, Tony promoted Christopher Moltisanti to acting captain over Patsy (who had seniority). Patsy did not take this well, eventually getting into a fight with Christopher. Patsy was given a no-show construction job as a safety inspector or engineer, as he is seen wearing a green helmet on the site. When Paulie was released and promoted to underboss, Christopher was made capo permanently. Patsy eventually seemed comfortable working with him. In the penultimate episode \"The Blue Comet\", Patsy is nearly killed by two men sent to murder Silvio Dante. Patsy manages to hold them off, but Silvio is badly wounded and put into a coma, and Patsy runs into the woods fleeing for his life."], "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#1", "question": "How did she meet her husband?", "rewrite": "How did Patsy meet her husband?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["the hill of \"Profitis Ilias\" (\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0397\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2) overlooks most of the lower plains of the Spercheios and guards the pass of Giannitsou, leading north to Thessaly. A circular wall encloses the two peaks of the hill, creating a double acropolis with a shallow saddle in between. Very little is still to be seen at the site; most of the circular wall is lost, the most striking part being located along the southwestern slope with several foundations of towers. B\u00e9quignon indicates that there were remains of house foundations on mainly the northern peak at the time of his visit in the 1920s.<br> In the foothills and at the plain below the hill, Georges Roux in 1954 noted remains of a possible lower city, as well as some epigraphical material in the nearby village of Platystomo. Roux and most other scholars of the early 20th century interpreted the remains at Profitis Ilias as the remains of Makra K\u014dm\u0113 (\u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u1f70 \u039a\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7), briefly mentioned in Livy, and the nearby town of Varybombi has since changed its name to Makrakomi as a result of this. St\u00e4hlin, B\u00e9quignon and Roux all date the remains at Profitis Ilias to the Hellenistic period (late 4th-early 2nd century B.C.E.), a view supported by finds from excavations conducted by the local ephorate of the Greek Archaeological Service at Lamia in the 1970s. This has been contested by some local authors who claim that the hill is the location of the semi-mythical Phthia, home of Achilles. This is, however, based on philological readings and not supported by any archaeological evidence.", "Profitis Ilias Greek Orthodox Church Profitis Ilias Greek Orthodox Church is a Greek Orthodox church located outside Endeavour, Saskatchewan, Canada, and dedicated to the Prophet Elias. It was built in 2008 on the private property of Ilias Barlas. There is a traditional Greek celebration every July 20 to celebrate Profitis Ilias memory at the church. On July 20, 2009, the Greek Orthodox Church celebrated the life of Profitis Ilias (The Prophet \"Elias\" or \"Elijah\"). On this special occasion, Ilias Barlas, family and friends christened this small church and dedicated it to the memory of Profitis Ilias. The service was conducted by Father Michael Michael of Koimisis Tis Theotokou Greek Orthodox Church, Saskatoon SK. Dedication: \" Because the clouds of flying miracles. Because the mystery of lights that show us the dream.\"", "Mikro Profitis Ilias Mikro Profitis Ilias is a ridge on the Greek island of Santorini. The non-volcanic ridge was greatly expanded by the geological activity of the nearby Santorini caldera. Mikro Profitis Ilias is located on the northern part of the island of Santorini, between Cape Kolumbo to the north and Cape Skaros to the immediate south. The volcanic ridge consists of a northern and southern peak, and the ridge itself lies above a large lava dome. The rock that makes up the ridge is non-volcanic and predates the 1610 BC Minoan eruption of Thera, though the immense amount of volcanic ejecta generated by the eruption did greatly expand the existing ridge line. The northern peak stands at 319.6 meters tall, while the southern peak rests one meter lower at 318 meters tall. The formation is named for the Biblical prophet Elijah.", "Profitis Ilias (Rhodes) Mount Profitis Ilias is a mountain on the Greek island of Rhodes. It is named for the biblical Elijah. Profitis Ilias is formed of uplifted fault blocks themselves a product of the Hellenide orogeny which produced a stack of Alpine nappes of Mesozoic age. These are part of the Pindos-Olonos series of low-grade metamorphic limestone sediments. The mountain overlooks Middle Miocene-Pleistocene sedimentary basins. Sudden topographic variations and land instabilities are due to a multitude of thrust faults. Ophiolites, usually gabbro occur. Profitis Ilias is covered with forests of pines (\"Pinus brutia\") and cypress (\"Cupressus sempervirens\") and maquis shrubland. Notable are the Rhodes Paeony \"Paonia rhodia\" and \"Cyclamen persicum\". The large parasitic orchid \"Limodorum abortivum\" grows in the pinewoods. Also notable are \"Ophrys ferrum-equinum\", the Profitis Ilias Bee Orchid \"Ophrys fuciflora\" ssp. \"oreas\" (found only here), \"Ophrys arachnites\" ssp. \" attica\", \"Ophrys lutea\", \"Ophrys oestrifera\" ssp. dodekanensis, \"Orchis italica\", \"Cephalanthera longifolia\", \"Orchis provincialis\" ( high altitudes moist woodland Prophitas Ilias only) In Spring and Autumn many pasage migrants occur. Rare snakes include leopard snake and Dahl's whip snake. The Mediterranean house gecko is more common.", "Babes in Arms (film)  Babes in Arms is the 1939 American film version of the 1937 Broadway musical of the same name. The film version stars Mickey Rooney and Judy Garland, and features Charles Winninger, Guy Kibbee, June Preisser, Grace Hayes, and Betty Jaynes. The film concerns a group of youngsters trying to put on a show to prove their vaudevillian parents wrong and make it to Broadway. The original Broadway script was significantly revamped, restructured, and rewritten to accommodate Hollywood's needs. In 1921, vaudeville performer Joe Moran (Winninger) announces the birth of a son, but after the advent of talking pictures in 1928, vaudeville fails. His son Mickey Moran (Rooney) writes songs, and Patsy Barton (Judy Garland) sings \"Good Morning\". Mickey sells the song for $100. He gives Patsy his pin and kisses her. Mickey learns that his parents Joe and Florrie (Grace Hayes) are going on the road without the children, and he disagrees. Patsy and Molly Moran (Betty Jaynes) sing \"You Are My Lucky Star\" and \"Broadway Rhythm\", but Joe says no to their going. So, Mickey proposes the kids put on a show, and Don Brice (Douglas McPhail) sings \"Babes in Arms\" as they march and make a bonfire. Joe dismisses Mickey. Martha Steele (Margaret Hamilton) and her nephew Jeff Steele (Rand Brooks) from military school complain to Judge Black (Kibbee) about the Vaudeville kids, but he will not take them from their homes. In a drugstore, Mickey and Patsy meet movie star Baby Rosalie Essex (June Preisser), but Mickey gets in a fight with Jeff. Mickey tells Judge Black that his parents' show flopped. The judge gives Mickey 30 days to pay damages. Don and Molly sing \""], "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#2", "question": "Did they have any children?", "rewrite": "Did Patsy and her husband have any children?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Where or When\" with an orchestra of children. Mickey has a date with Baby and dines in her house. Mickey wants Baby in the show, which needs $287. She offers to pay it. Mickey smokes a cigar and leaves sick. Mickey tells Patsy that Baby has to play the lead because of the money. Baby shows how limber she is. Mickey directs rehearsal with Baby and Don, imitating Clark Gable and Lionel Barrymore. Patsy sees Mickey kiss Baby. Mickey tries to stop Patsy from leaving. On the bus, Patsy sings \" I Cried for You\". Patsy goes to a theater to see her mother (Ann Shoemaker). Patsy says that Mickey is putting on a show to keep the kids out of an institution. Patsy's mother tells Patsy not to quit her show. Baby's father takes her out of the show, and Mickey asks Patsy to go on. In the show, Patsy sings \"Daddy Was a Minstrel Man\". Mickey and Patsy put on blackface and sing a medley with Don. Patsy sings \" I'm Just Wild About Harry\", but a storm drives the audience away. Mickey learns that his father quit theater and got an elevator job. Mrs. Steele says the children must report and gives Joe the paper. Mickey gets a letter from producer Maddox (Henry Hull), who liked the show and produces it. As hidden Mickey listens, Maddox asks bitter Joe to teach the youngsters in the show. Mickey introduces the show by singing \"God's Country\", which the company contrasts to fascism. Mickey and Patsy satirize Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, and then everybody dances and finishes with a chorus of \"God's Country\". Cast notes: \"Babes in Arms\" is the first film directed in its entirety at MGM by choreographer Busby Berkeley. It was produced by the Arthur Freed unit at the studio.", "During the \"Civil War II\" storyline, Patsy Walker learns that She-Hulk is in a coma at the Triskelion. Miss America allows Patsy to visit her. After the visit, Patsy tells Howard the Duck and the other tenants about She-Hulk's current condition, and moves her offices to where Jennifer operated as a lawyer. Afterwards, Hedy dupes Patsy's ex-husbands Mad-Dog and Daimon Hellstrom into fighting her. Daimon sends Patsy to a dimension ruled by the demon Belial, who tries to bring Hellcat to his side. Patsy then confronts her former friend Black Cat, now leading a gang of criminals. Patsy suddenly catches a cold that causes her to alter reality when she sneezes. After several disasters, Patsy accidentally makes a building disappear. Hedy then calls Patsy and reveals that she is dating the demon Belial, who helps Patsy overcome her grief over She-Hulk and cures her of the cold. Patsy then receives a check for a big amount of money from She-Hulk and takes Ian, Tom, and Jubilee to the mall. While shopping, they encounter two teenage girls pretending to be supervillains, who are revealed to be Patsy's biggest fans. Ian then figures out that the girls like each other and resolves their dispute. After that, Patsy expresses joy of how her life has changed. Hellcat is in possession of a magic cloak that enables her to sense mystical phenomena or deflect mystical attacks. She is able to summon her costume at will. She also possesses retractable claws and grappling hooks on her wrists. Patsy is also a well-trained martial artist and gymnast, having trained with the Avengers and Moondragon. Patsy Walker has appeared in Marvel Comics' Multiverse Ultimate Marvel imprint.", "Betsy is the second to youngest and is two at the start of the book. As a child, she mainly raised without her mother. Under the strict eye of Patsy, she becomes the ideal girl of her time and is able to mind her own business. She is seen as the opposite of Anne due to her obedience that Anne often lacks with Patsy. Anne tries to break how Patsy raises Betsy up by playing games. However, Betsy often only cracks a smile at the most. Edward is the baby in the family and is the only one who escapes from Patsy's strict wrath. The book opens up with Edward getting dumped into cold water by Mama. Because his mother goes crazy, he is fed by a slave against the will of Mama. MyJohn is Patsy's boyfriend and husband later on in the novel. He is well-liked by everyone, especially Anne. Unlike Patsy, he is kind and gentle but still able to keep things under control. He is one of the only people Patsy listens aside from her father. MyJohn has a great influence in the Henry family being Patsy's husband and with Patrick Henry gone fighting for independence through speeches, he manages a lot of what goes on as well and works hard on the plantation. Pegg is the main slave in the household and is the seventh daughter of a seventh daughter. While disliked by Patsy, Pegg and Anne get along well. She is more gentle with the children and earns some authority with the children when Patsy realizes she can't handle it by herself. Pegg is related to Neely which leads Mrs. Hooper to the assumption that the Henrys' slaves were writing letters in the newspaper. Neely is let into the house secretly by Pegg without Patsy knowing. She goes with Neely to try to gain freedom from Neely's master, Estave, and possibly escape as well. Anne keeps it a secret", "At the time, Philly was acting capo of Junior Soprano's crew and Patsy was a member. He is from Bloomfield, New Jersey. Patsy never had concrete evidence about his brother's murder but it occurred soon after a brief and bloody war between Junior and Tony, and Philly was known to be talking about Tony's actions. It was this killing that prompted Tony to move Patsy to keep an eye on him. Patsy took the killing very hard, which brought on a problem with alcoholism and considering killing Tony \u2014 in 2000, a drunken Patsy was observed by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents outside the Soprano family home leveling a gun at Tony through his window on his birthday. He reconsidered though, and only urinated in the Sopranos' pool. Patsy also openly vented his feelings of loss to the Soprano crew in front of the men responsible for his brother's death, Gigi and Tony, at a dinner in the back of Satriale's. However, he eventually put his grief behind him. Patsy still has questionable loyalties. When Patsy's then capo Paulie Gualtieri was in prison in 2002, Tony promoted Christopher Moltisanti to acting captain over Patsy (who had seniority). Patsy did not take this well, eventually getting into a fight with Christopher. Patsy was given a no-show construction job as a safety inspector or engineer, as he is seen wearing a green helmet on the site. When Paulie was released and promoted to underboss, Christopher was made capo permanently. Patsy eventually seemed comfortable working with him. In the penultimate episode \"The Blue Comet\", Patsy is nearly killed by two men sent to murder Silvio Dante. Patsy manages to hold them off, but Silvio is badly wounded and put into a coma, and Patsy runs into the woods fleeing for his life.", "Patsy of Paradise Place Patsy of Paradise Place, is a romantic fiction novel written by the English author Rosie Harris. The story is mostly set in Liverpool, and talks about the struggles of a young woman named Patsy Callaghan. It was first published in 2002. When Patsy Callaghan's father discovers that her mother, Maeve, neglects her, he stops going to sea. John Callagan buys a horse and cart and sets up as a carrier at Liverpool Docks. Patsy loves going out on the carrier with her father and Billy Grant, the boy that helps him. When one day John Callaghan is killed in an accident, and Maeave goes out again drinking binges, Billy, who is deeply in love with Patsy, helps her continue the business. Patsy falls in love with Bruno Alvarez a handsome fairground showman, and believes he is going to marry her and will travel to Spain together. When Patsy brings him to meet Maeve, he stays for the night and the next morning, Patsy finds Bruno and Maeve in bed together. Billy comforts her and tries to calm her down, until they end up making love. But when Maeve finds out that Patsy is pregnant, she throws her out of the house. Patsy hides in the stables and Billy takes care of the baby, Liam, when he is born. While she is hiding in the stables, Billy has an accident and is crippled. Unable to find Bruno, Patsy lives with Billy's family. As Liam gets older, Patsy starts working as a nurse. When Liam develops tuberculosis, Patsy decides to find Bruno and discovers that he and her mother went off together. Eventually, Liam dies and Patsy is once more depressed. Billy comforts her again, and she realises how much she loves him. They decide to open a new business on their own and get married."], "answer": {"text": "Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),", "answer_start": 424}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she meet her husband?", "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#3", "question": "Where was her first job?", "rewrite": "Where was Patsy's first job?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After finding the family, which consists of a grandfather (Donald Meek) and a young girl named Patsy (Edith Fellows), Poole tells them that the letter holds a key, reveals that the condemned man had unintentionally killed Patsy's father and that he is giving the Smith family his old house and former hideout, the only thing he has to give as atonement. Susan Sprague (Madge Evans) represents the county welfare department and it is her job to see that Patsy is raised \"properly\", or the girl will go to an orphanage. A variety of misadventures befall Larry as he tries to help \"Gramps\" out with Patsy to save her from the orphanage, all while Susan and he are falling in love, paternally. To get cash for a restaurant license, Larry gets a stunt job at the circus, but is injured. While he is in hospital Gramps comes to let him know that the county has taken Patsy away. Larry believes Susan went behind his back and had Patsy placed in the orphanage. It is discovered that Susan had no part in it, but she loses her job defending Larry and his care of the child. Larry has the circus perform for the children so that he can 'break Patsy out', when Patsy lets Larry know how Susan feels about him. Their attempt to free Patsy fails. Afterwards, Larry finds out that Susan has gone to New York and he goes there to find her. While in New York, Susan is approached by two policemen looking for Larry, not to arrest him as she suspects, but to bring him back to the head of the County Welfare Department to help deal with Patsy, who has gone on a hunger strike. The policemen are watching Susan's apartment in the hopes that Larry will show up. When he does, they make him leave with them, after he and Susan reveal their feelings for each other.", "Where or When\" with an orchestra of children. Mickey has a date with Baby and dines in her house. Mickey wants Baby in the show, which needs $287. She offers to pay it. Mickey smokes a cigar and leaves sick. Mickey tells Patsy that Baby has to play the lead because of the money. Baby shows how limber she is. Mickey directs rehearsal with Baby and Don, imitating Clark Gable and Lionel Barrymore. Patsy sees Mickey kiss Baby. Mickey tries to stop Patsy from leaving. On the bus, Patsy sings \" I Cried for You\". Patsy goes to a theater to see her mother (Ann Shoemaker). Patsy says that Mickey is putting on a show to keep the kids out of an institution. Patsy's mother tells Patsy not to quit her show. Baby's father takes her out of the show, and Mickey asks Patsy to go on. In the show, Patsy sings \"Daddy Was a Minstrel Man\". Mickey and Patsy put on blackface and sing a medley with Don. Patsy sings \" I'm Just Wild About Harry\", but a storm drives the audience away. Mickey learns that his father quit theater and got an elevator job. Mrs. Steele says the children must report and gives Joe the paper. Mickey gets a letter from producer Maddox (Henry Hull), who liked the show and produces it. As hidden Mickey listens, Maddox asks bitter Joe to teach the youngsters in the show. Mickey introduces the show by singing \"God's Country\", which the company contrasts to fascism. Mickey and Patsy satirize Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, and then everybody dances and finishes with a chorus of \"God's Country\". Cast notes: \"Babes in Arms\" is the first film directed in its entirety at MGM by choreographer Busby Berkeley. It was produced by the Arthur Freed unit at the studio.", "Patsy of Paradise Place Patsy of Paradise Place, is a romantic fiction novel written by the English author Rosie Harris. The story is mostly set in Liverpool, and talks about the struggles of a young woman named Patsy Callaghan. It was first published in 2002. When Patsy Callaghan's father discovers that her mother, Maeve, neglects her, he stops going to sea. John Callagan buys a horse and cart and sets up as a carrier at Liverpool Docks. Patsy loves going out on the carrier with her father and Billy Grant, the boy that helps him. When one day John Callaghan is killed in an accident, and Maeave goes out again drinking binges, Billy, who is deeply in love with Patsy, helps her continue the business. Patsy falls in love with Bruno Alvarez a handsome fairground showman, and believes he is going to marry her and will travel to Spain together. When Patsy brings him to meet Maeve, he stays for the night and the next morning, Patsy finds Bruno and Maeve in bed together. Billy comforts her and tries to calm her down, until they end up making love. But when Maeve finds out that Patsy is pregnant, she throws her out of the house. Patsy hides in the stables and Billy takes care of the baby, Liam, when he is born. While she is hiding in the stables, Billy has an accident and is crippled. Unable to find Bruno, Patsy lives with Billy's family. As Liam gets older, Patsy starts working as a nurse. When Liam develops tuberculosis, Patsy decides to find Bruno and discovers that he and her mother went off together. Eventually, Liam dies and Patsy is once more depressed. Billy comforts her again, and she realises how much she loves him. They decide to open a new business on their own and get married.", "During the \"Civil War II\" storyline, Patsy Walker learns that She-Hulk is in a coma at the Triskelion. Miss America allows Patsy to visit her. After the visit, Patsy tells Howard the Duck and the other tenants about She-Hulk's current condition, and moves her offices to where Jennifer operated as a lawyer. Afterwards, Hedy dupes Patsy's ex-husbands Mad-Dog and Daimon Hellstrom into fighting her. Daimon sends Patsy to a dimension ruled by the demon Belial, who tries to bring Hellcat to his side. Patsy then confronts her former friend Black Cat, now leading a gang of criminals. Patsy suddenly catches a cold that causes her to alter reality when she sneezes. After several disasters, Patsy accidentally makes a building disappear. Hedy then calls Patsy and reveals that she is dating the demon Belial, who helps Patsy overcome her grief over She-Hulk and cures her of the cold. Patsy then receives a check for a big amount of money from She-Hulk and takes Ian, Tom, and Jubilee to the mall. While shopping, they encounter two teenage girls pretending to be supervillains, who are revealed to be Patsy's biggest fans. Ian then figures out that the girls like each other and resolves their dispute. After that, Patsy expresses joy of how her life has changed. Hellcat is in possession of a magic cloak that enables her to sense mystical phenomena or deflect mystical attacks. She is able to summon her costume at will. She also possesses retractable claws and grappling hooks on her wrists. Patsy is also a well-trained martial artist and gymnast, having trained with the Avengers and Moondragon. Patsy Walker has appeared in Marvel Comics' Multiverse Ultimate Marvel imprint.", "At the time, Philly was acting capo of Junior Soprano's crew and Patsy was a member. He is from Bloomfield, New Jersey. Patsy never had concrete evidence about his brother's murder but it occurred soon after a brief and bloody war between Junior and Tony, and Philly was known to be talking about Tony's actions. It was this killing that prompted Tony to move Patsy to keep an eye on him. Patsy took the killing very hard, which brought on a problem with alcoholism and considering killing Tony \u2014 in 2000, a drunken Patsy was observed by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents outside the Soprano family home leveling a gun at Tony through his window on his birthday. He reconsidered though, and only urinated in the Sopranos' pool. Patsy also openly vented his feelings of loss to the Soprano crew in front of the men responsible for his brother's death, Gigi and Tony, at a dinner in the back of Satriale's. However, he eventually put his grief behind him. Patsy still has questionable loyalties. When Patsy's then capo Paulie Gualtieri was in prison in 2002, Tony promoted Christopher Moltisanti to acting captain over Patsy (who had seniority). Patsy did not take this well, eventually getting into a fight with Christopher. Patsy was given a no-show construction job as a safety inspector or engineer, as he is seen wearing a green helmet on the site. When Paulie was released and promoted to underboss, Christopher was made capo permanently. Patsy eventually seemed comfortable working with him. In the penultimate episode \"The Blue Comet\", Patsy is nearly killed by two men sent to murder Silvio Dante. Patsy manages to hold them off, but Silvio is badly wounded and put into a coma, and Patsy runs into the woods fleeing for his life."], "answer": {"text": "returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library", "answer_start": 256}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she meet her husband?", "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#4", "question": "Where did she work after the law school library?", "rewrite": "Where did Patsy work after the Chicago Law School Library?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chicago Journal of International Law The Chicago Journal of International Law is a semiannual, student-edited law review published by the University of Chicago Law School since spring 2000. The journal publishes articles covering international law, international relations, and related policy issues. Its articles are often interdisciplinary in focus, and the journal's format allows it to examine international legal issues in a broader cultural and political context. The \"Chicago Journal of International Law\" is one of the three student-edited law journals published at the University of Chicago Law School. Although relatively young, the journal has quickly gained attention in legal circles as a leading international law journal in terms of scholarly impact and influence. In a 2016 ranking of law journals based on a combination of the impact factor and citations, the \"Chicago Journal of International Law\" ranked 3rd among student-edited international and comparative law reviews. The journal's articles are covered by several academic abstracting services, including LegalTrac, EconLit, and CSA Worldwide Political Science Abstracts. The full text of the journal's articles is available via LexisNexis, Westlaw, ProQuest, and HeinOnline. The journal was established during the University of Chicago Law School's 1999-2000 academic year. Its first editor-in-chief was Margaret Peterlin. Since then, it has published seventeen volumes (two issues each) of groundbreaking scholarship in international law with a focus on fields such as law and economics, international administrative law, and human rights. In 2002, when the journal was working on its second volume, it merged with \"The University of Chicago Law School Roundtable: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Studies. \" University of Chicago law students are selected to join the journal as staff members each year by that year's incoming managing board of editors through a blind writing competition, held after the participants' first year of law school.", "University of Chicago Law Review The University of Chicago Law Review (Maroonbook abbreviation: \"U Chi L Rev\") is a law journal published by the University of Chicago Law School. It uses a different citation system than most law journals\u2014the Maroonbook rather than the Bluebook. It is published quarterly in print and also has an online companion, \"The University of Chicago Law Review Online\". The \"Law Review\" was established in 1933. From 1942 through 1945 the review was published by the faculty, due to World War II. Prominent former student members have included Judge Abner J. Mikva, Ohio Attorney General Richard Cordray, Princeton University president Christopher L. Eisgruber, and professor Geoffrey R. Stone (all editors-in-chief); Judges Danny Boggs, Robert Bork, Frank H. Easterbrook, Douglas H. Ginsburg, and David Tatel; professors Marvin Chirelstein, Daniel Fischel, Lawrence M. Friedman, Mary Ann Glendon, and Michael W. McConnell; religious leader Dallin H. Oaks; and co-founder of The Carlyle Group, David M. Rubenstein. The \"Law Review\" is edited by student journal members (University of Chicago Law School students selected on the basis of their grades or performance on a writing assignment after the first year). It publishes articles written by scholars and lawyers from around the world, as well as student articles, or \"Comments.\"", "While attending the University of Chicago Law School, Patsy met hydrologist John Mink while playing bridge at the International House. He would become her husband and lifelong partner. Unable to find work as a married, female, Asian-American attorney, she returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library while her husband found work immediately with the United States Steel Corporation. In 1952, Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy), who later became a prominent author and educator on labor and women's issues. The family soon moved Hawaii in August 1952. By law, Patsy was required to take the residency status of her husband after marriage and needed to re-establish her Hawaiian residency in order to prove that she was eligible to take the Hawaii bar exam. After challenging the statute as sexist, Hawaii's attorney general ruled that since she had not ever physically resided in Pennsylvania, she had not assumed her husband's Philadelphia residency status. After passing the bar exam in June 1953, Mink continued to face gender discrimination in finding work as an attorney in the private or public sector. She created a solo practice with the help of her father. She was the first Japanese woman to practice law in Hawaiian territory. Mink founded the Everyman Organization, a group that served as the hub of the Young Democrats club on Oahu. She was elected chairman of the territory-wide Young Democrats, \"a group that would wield a remarkable influence over Hawaiian politics for several decades.\" In 1954, Patsy worked to help elect John A. Burns to Congress. The following year, she worked as staff attorney during the 1955 legislative session and drafted statutes and observed the inner-workings of the legislature. As the Territory of Hawaii debated statehood in 1956, Mink was elected to the Hawaii Territorial Legislature representing her district in the territorial House of Representatives. In 1958, she was elected to serve in the territorial Senate.", "Jonathan F. Mitchell Jonathan F. Mitchell (born September 2, 1976) is an American attorney, academic, and government official. He has been nominated by President Donald Trump to become Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States (ACUS). If he is confirmed to ACUS by the United States Senate, he will serve a five-year term. Mitchell is currently a visiting professor of law at Stanford Law School. From 2010\u20132015, he served as the Solicitor General of Texas. Mitchell has argued four cases before the Supreme Court of the United States, argued dozens more in other courts, and authored more than one hundred briefs. Mitchell has also served on the faculties of the University of Texas School of Law, the George Mason University School of Law, and the University of Chicago Law School. Mitchell received his Juris doctor with high honors from the University of Chicago Law School in 2001. While in law school, Mitchell was an articles editor of the \"University of Chicago Law Review\" and a member of Order of the Coif. After graduating from law school, Mitchell clerked for Judge J. Michael Luttig of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit from 2001 to 2002, and for Justice Antonin Scalia of the U.S. Supreme Court from 2002 to 2003. After clerking, Mitchell served as an attorney-adviser in the Office of Legal Counsel of the United States Department of Justice. Upon leaving the Department of Justice in 2006, Mitchell served on the faculties of the University of Chicago Law School and the George Mason University School of Law before his appointment as Solicitor General of Texas in 2010. After leaving the Texas Solicitor General\u2019s office in 2015, Mitchell served on the faculties of the University of Texas School of Law and Stanford Law School. He was also a visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution from 2015 to 2016.", "Tracey Meares Tracey L. Meares is the Walton Hale Hamilton Professor of Law at Yale Law School. Previous to joining the Yale Law School faculty, she was Max Pam Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Studies in Criminal Justice at the University of Chicago Law School. At both The University of Chicago and Yale Law Schools, she was the first African American woman to be granted tenure. Meares holds a B.S. in general engineering from the University of Illinois in 1988, and a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1991. Meares' first positions included a stint clerking for Harlington Wood, Jr. when he was on the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, as well as a position at the United States Department of Justice's Antitrust Division, where she was a trial attorney. She taught at the University of Chicago Law School from 1995 to 2007, after which she joined Yale Law School as the Walton Hale Hamilton Professor of Law, a position she has held ever since. She also served as Yale Law School's Deputy Dean from 2009 to 2011. Meares has been a member of the National Research Council's Committee on Law and Justice, and was appointed by then-Attorney General Eric Holder to serve on the Office of Justice Programs' Science Advisory Board. She is also a member of the Joyce Foundation's Board of Directors. In 2014, then-President Barack Obama appointed her to the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing when he created it by signing an executive order."], "answer": {"text": "Patsy worked to help elect John A. Burns to Congress.", "answer_start": 1556}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she meet her husband?", "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was her first job?", "answer": {"text": "returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#5", "question": "Did John Burns get elected?", "rewrite": "Did John Burns get elected?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["James Burns (Scottish shipowner) James Burns (9 June 1789 \u2013 6 September 1871), was a shipowner born in Glasgow Burns was the third son of the Revd Dr John Burns (1744\u20131839), minister of the Barony parish of Glasgow, and his wife, Elizabeth, n\u00e9e Stevenson. His eldest brother, Dr John Burns FRS, became the first professor of surgery in the University of Glasgow, and his second brother, Allan Burns, became physician to the empress of Russia at St Petersburg. Burns was married twice: first, to Margaret Smith and, second, to Margaret Shortridge, who predeceased him. With Margaret Shortridge he had one son, John Burns, who inherited his estates and became chairman of the Cunard Line. Unlike his older brothers, James Burns turned to commerce, and was joined by his younger brother, Sir George Burns, 1st Baronet (1795\u20131890), in 1818, setting up as J. & G. Burns, general merchants in Glasgow. After six years, the two brothers moved into shipping, joining with Hugh Mathie of Liverpool to establish a small shipping line of six sailing vessels plying between the two ports. The Clyde was then the leading waterway for steam navigation; within a year James and George Burns had ordered their first steamer, and they quickly replaced all their sail ships by steamboats. While George was mainly interested in the technical aspects of the ships, it was James who was the chief commercial influence in the business, supervising the day-to-day transactions, the negotiation of cargoes and contracts. The Mathie connection with Liverpool was replaced in 1830 by a new arrangement with two Liverpool-based Scots, David and Charles MacIver, to form the Glasgow Steam Packet Company. This arrangement allowed James and George Burns to extend their steamship business to Londonderry, Larne, and Belfast.", "John Burns (minister) John Burns (13 February 1744 \u2013 26 February 1839) was born in Stirling, Scotland to John Burns of Stirth and Janet Young of Risk. He was a minister in the Church of Scotland, and he served a Glasgow cure longer than any minister on record, having been in the Barony for sixty-nine years. Four of these years he was assistant to Lawrence Hill, and sixty-five as minister himself. Burns became a Doctor of Divinity (DD). He was an ally of the Anti-Slavery Society and the Bible Society. Although Robert Raikes is usually credited with establishing the first Sunday school in the early 1780s, Burns opened a \"Sabbath Night School\" in Calton in 1774 or 1775. He married Elizabeth Stevenson, daughter of John Stevenson, brewer in Glasgow. Among Burns's nine children, John Burns (1775\u20131850) became Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow, Allan Burns (1781\u20131813) was a physician to the Imperial Court of Russia, James Burns (1789\u20131871) was a shipowner and George Burns (1795\u20131890) was his partner in G & J Burns.", "Allan Burns (surgeon) Allan Burns (18 September 1781 \u2013 22 June 1813) was a Scottish surgeon and physician. A lecturer on surgery and anatomy at Glasgow, he studied medicine in Glasgow. He visited Russia in 1804 and he published anatomical treatises. He was the son of Revd Dr John Burns, a minister of the Barony Church, and Elizabeth Stevenson. Of his brothers, Dr John Burns (1775\u20131850) became Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow; James was a shipowner and George was his partner in G & J Burns. Allan Burns commenced medical study at fourteen under his brother, John Burns. In 1804 he went to London to seek medical service in the army, and was induced to go to St. Petersburg to take charge of a hospital about to be established by the Empress Catherine on the English plan; but finding the position uncongenial , he returned to Scotland in a few months. He had taken the position for a three-month trial, and very early he 'got into a scrape' for dissecting a Russian, whom he decapitated, and a German. The removal of any body parts was then prohibited, unless they were Tartars or Jews. He had failed to make arrangements for a salary, and on discovering that government surgeons were paid \u00a390, he returned to Scotland, where he became a highly popular lecturer on anatomy - wearing the diamond and topaz ring given to him by the Empress Catherine when he left Russia. Burns then established himself as a lecturer on anatomy and surgery at Glasgow, his brother having given up his lectures on anatomy, owing to a body-snatching scandal. He attained very considerable success, being both vivid in illustration and accurate in knowledge. Allan authored a number of publications which were quickly translated into German and were published concurrently in the United States. He also published papers in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.", "John Burns (surgeon) John Burns FRS, (13 November 1775 \u2013 18 June 1850) was a Scottish surgeon. He was the eldest son of Elizabeth Stevenson and Rev. John Burns, who was the minister of the Barony Church until his death. Burns became a visiting surgeon at Glasgow Royal Infirmary and the proprietor of the College Street medical school. He was suspected in robbing graves to provide cadavres for dissecting studies. In 1799, he became Professor of Anatomy and Theory at Anderson's University, where he published several text books for students and became an international authority on abortion and midwifery. In 1815 he was appointed the first Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow. He wrote several medical textbooks such as \"Principles of Midwifery\" (1809), as well as two religious tracts. Burns, the brother of two senior figures in the MacBrayne's and Cunard shipping businesses, was among fifty people who died when the G & J Burns paddle steamship \"Orion\" sank off Portpatrick in June 1850 on its way from Liverpool to Glasgow. He married Isabella, daughter of Rev. John Duncan of Alva and had two children. Their first child, John (born 1806) was a member of the 78th Highlanders and later Lieutenant-Colonel of the 2nd Royals and died in service at the Cape in 1853, unmarried. Their second son, Allan (born 1819), was a physician and died in 1843 by typhoid fever which he caught from a patient.", "John Burns (radio presenter) John Burns (born 30 July 1945) is an Australian radio presenter. Burns' radio debut was in 1988 on community radio station 3RRR on the program 'Lawyers, Guns & Money' as the character \"Sir Lunchalot\". Later, the \"Sir Lunchalot\" character switched to commercial radio and became a regular Friday morning contributor to the 3AW breakfast show, providing humorous restaurant reviews and tips on dining etiquette. In 2001 Burns joined Ross Stevenson as co-host of 3AW's breakfast program following the retirement of Dean Banks. \"Breakfast with Ross and John\" is the station's top rating program. Prior to his career in radio, John Burns had an established career as a barrister. He was a Victorian Crown Prosecutor and practiced Law for 22 years. John Burns is married to Monique and they have three sons. He used to speak fondly on-air of his adopted former \"death row\" dog nicknamed \"Rocky\" (formerly called \"Rocca\", because its black and white colour was reminiscent of Collingwood players Saverio and Anthony Rocca). After Rocky\u2019s death, he adopted another dog, named Gus. His son Andrew Burns is an actor, comedian and the founder of Question One, London's largest quiz night company. Burns is a passionate Melbourne Demons supporter in the AFL. On 25 January 2018 Burns was convicted of drink driving, after pleading guilty in the Melbourne Magistrates Court. He apologised on-air for his actions."], "answer": {"text": "elect John A. Burns to", "answer_start": 1577}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she meet her husband?", "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was her first job?", "answer": {"text": "returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she work after the law school library?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy worked to help elect John A. Burns to Congress.", "answer_start": 1556, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#6", "question": "Did she then work for John Burns or somewhere else?", "rewrite": "Did Patsy then work for John Burns or somewhere in addition to her campaign work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Burns (minister) John Burns (13 February 1744 \u2013 26 February 1839) was born in Stirling, Scotland to John Burns of Stirth and Janet Young of Risk. He was a minister in the Church of Scotland, and he served a Glasgow cure longer than any minister on record, having been in the Barony for sixty-nine years. Four of these years he was assistant to Lawrence Hill, and sixty-five as minister himself. Burns became a Doctor of Divinity (DD). He was an ally of the Anti-Slavery Society and the Bible Society. Although Robert Raikes is usually credited with establishing the first Sunday school in the early 1780s, Burns opened a \"Sabbath Night School\" in Calton in 1774 or 1775. He married Elizabeth Stevenson, daughter of John Stevenson, brewer in Glasgow. Among Burns's nine children, John Burns (1775\u20131850) became Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow, Allan Burns (1781\u20131813) was a physician to the Imperial Court of Russia, James Burns (1789\u20131871) was a shipowner and George Burns (1795\u20131890) was his partner in G & J Burns.", "John A. Burns John Anthony Burns (March 30, 1909 \u2013 April 5, 1975) was an American politician. Burns was born in Montana and became a resident of Hawaii in 1913. He served as the second governor of Hawaii from 1962 to 1974. John Burns was born in Fort Assinniboine, Montana on March 30, 1909. He was the eldest son of Anne and Harry Burns. Christened Harry John Burns, as a teenager he changed his name to John Anthony Burns. Burns' father was in the army and was ordered to Fort Shafter in Hawaii, so in 1913 he and his family moved to Hawaii, and eventually to Kalihi. Harry Burns became overwhelmed with responsibility for four children and left the family in 1919. Burns' mother became a launderer for Tripler Army Medical Center. Burns took care of his siblings and attended Saint Louis School, while his mother worked. She joined the Postal Service, and with the help of her brother, became postmaster for Fort Shafter and a clerk at the Honolulu Post office. In 1925 Anne sent John to live with her brother in Kansas, where Jack Scally served as a father figure. In Kansas he attended Immaculata High School in Leavenworth, then transferred to St. Benedict High School (now Maur Hill \u2013 Mount Academy) in Atchison. In 1927 Burns dropped out of high school and joined the army, but did not like taking orders. He was honorably discharged after one year. Burns returned to Hawaii, waiting a semester to attend Saint Louis School and eventually graduate in 1930. Burns' work as a sympathetic police officer, building close ties with working class folks from numerous ethnic groups, notably Japanese and native Hawaiians. While a police officer in Honolulu, his first political efforts arose from his work with the Police Benevolent Society.", "Allan Burns (surgeon) Allan Burns (18 September 1781 \u2013 22 June 1813) was a Scottish surgeon and physician. A lecturer on surgery and anatomy at Glasgow, he studied medicine in Glasgow. He visited Russia in 1804 and he published anatomical treatises. He was the son of Revd Dr John Burns, a minister of the Barony Church, and Elizabeth Stevenson. Of his brothers, Dr John Burns (1775\u20131850) became Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow; James was a shipowner and George was his partner in G & J Burns. Allan Burns commenced medical study at fourteen under his brother, John Burns. In 1804 he went to London to seek medical service in the army, and was induced to go to St. Petersburg to take charge of a hospital about to be established by the Empress Catherine on the English plan; but finding the position uncongenial , he returned to Scotland in a few months. He had taken the position for a three-month trial, and very early he 'got into a scrape' for dissecting a Russian, whom he decapitated, and a German. The removal of any body parts was then prohibited, unless they were Tartars or Jews. He had failed to make arrangements for a salary, and on discovering that government surgeons were paid \u00a390, he returned to Scotland, where he became a highly popular lecturer on anatomy - wearing the diamond and topaz ring given to him by the Empress Catherine when he left Russia. Burns then established himself as a lecturer on anatomy and surgery at Glasgow, his brother having given up his lectures on anatomy, owing to a body-snatching scandal. He attained very considerable success, being both vivid in illustration and accurate in knowledge. Allan authored a number of publications which were quickly translated into German and were published concurrently in the United States. He also published papers in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.", "James Burns (Scottish shipowner) James Burns (9 June 1789 \u2013 6 September 1871), was a shipowner born in Glasgow Burns was the third son of the Revd Dr John Burns (1744\u20131839), minister of the Barony parish of Glasgow, and his wife, Elizabeth, n\u00e9e Stevenson. His eldest brother, Dr John Burns FRS, became the first professor of surgery in the University of Glasgow, and his second brother, Allan Burns, became physician to the empress of Russia at St Petersburg. Burns was married twice: first, to Margaret Smith and, second, to Margaret Shortridge, who predeceased him. With Margaret Shortridge he had one son, John Burns, who inherited his estates and became chairman of the Cunard Line. Unlike his older brothers, James Burns turned to commerce, and was joined by his younger brother, Sir George Burns, 1st Baronet (1795\u20131890), in 1818, setting up as J. & G. Burns, general merchants in Glasgow. After six years, the two brothers moved into shipping, joining with Hugh Mathie of Liverpool to establish a small shipping line of six sailing vessels plying between the two ports. The Clyde was then the leading waterway for steam navigation; within a year James and George Burns had ordered their first steamer, and they quickly replaced all their sail ships by steamboats. While George was mainly interested in the technical aspects of the ships, it was James who was the chief commercial influence in the business, supervising the day-to-day transactions, the negotiation of cargoes and contracts. The Mathie connection with Liverpool was replaced in 1830 by a new arrangement with two Liverpool-based Scots, David and Charles MacIver, to form the Glasgow Steam Packet Company. This arrangement allowed James and George Burns to extend their steamship business to Londonderry, Larne, and Belfast.", "John Burns (radio presenter) John Burns (born 30 July 1945) is an Australian radio presenter. Burns' radio debut was in 1988 on community radio station 3RRR on the program 'Lawyers, Guns & Money' as the character \"Sir Lunchalot\". Later, the \"Sir Lunchalot\" character switched to commercial radio and became a regular Friday morning contributor to the 3AW breakfast show, providing humorous restaurant reviews and tips on dining etiquette. In 2001 Burns joined Ross Stevenson as co-host of 3AW's breakfast program following the retirement of Dean Banks. \"Breakfast with Ross and John\" is the station's top rating program. Prior to his career in radio, John Burns had an established career as a barrister. He was a Victorian Crown Prosecutor and practiced Law for 22 years. John Burns is married to Monique and they have three sons. He used to speak fondly on-air of his adopted former \"death row\" dog nicknamed \"Rocky\" (formerly called \"Rocca\", because its black and white colour was reminiscent of Collingwood players Saverio and Anthony Rocca). After Rocky\u2019s death, he adopted another dog, named Gus. His son Andrew Burns is an actor, comedian and the founder of Question One, London's largest quiz night company. Burns is a passionate Melbourne Demons supporter in the AFL. On 25 January 2018 Burns was convicted of drink driving, after pleading guilty in the Melbourne Magistrates Court. He apologised on-air for his actions."], "answer": {"text": "The following year, she worked as staff attorney during the 1955 legislative session", "answer_start": 1610}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she meet her husband?", "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was her first job?", "answer": {"text": "returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she work after the law school library?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy worked to help elect John A. Burns to Congress.", "answer_start": 1556, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did John Burns get elected?", "answer": {"text": "elect John A. Burns to", "answer_start": 1577, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#7", "question": "What did she do next?", "rewrite": "What Patsy do next after the 1955 legislative session?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While attending the University of Chicago Law School, Patsy met hydrologist John Mink while playing bridge at the International House. He would become her husband and lifelong partner. Unable to find work as a married, female, Asian-American attorney, she returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library while her husband found work immediately with the United States Steel Corporation. In 1952, Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy), who later became a prominent author and educator on labor and women's issues. The family soon moved Hawaii in August 1952. By law, Patsy was required to take the residency status of her husband after marriage and needed to re-establish her Hawaiian residency in order to prove that she was eligible to take the Hawaii bar exam. After challenging the statute as sexist, Hawaii's attorney general ruled that since she had not ever physically resided in Pennsylvania, she had not assumed her husband's Philadelphia residency status. After passing the bar exam in June 1953, Mink continued to face gender discrimination in finding work as an attorney in the private or public sector. She created a solo practice with the help of her father. She was the first Japanese woman to practice law in Hawaiian territory. Mink founded the Everyman Organization, a group that served as the hub of the Young Democrats club on Oahu. She was elected chairman of the territory-wide Young Democrats, \"a group that would wield a remarkable influence over Hawaiian politics for several decades.\" In 1954, Patsy worked to help elect John A. Burns to Congress. The following year, she worked as staff attorney during the 1955 legislative session and drafted statutes and observed the inner-workings of the legislature. As the Territory of Hawaii debated statehood in 1956, Mink was elected to the Hawaii Territorial Legislature representing her district in the territorial House of Representatives. In 1958, she was elected to serve in the territorial Senate.", "Shahrul Saad Shahrul bin Mohd Saad (born 8 July 1993) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a defender for Malaysian club Perak and the Malaysia national team. Shahrul plays mainly as a centre-back but can also plays as a defensive midfielder. He has been appointed as vice-captain of Perak for the 2018 season along with Hafizul Hakim. Shahrul started his career at Perak youth team. He was then transferred to Malaysia national youth setup and has played for Harimau Muda B in the Malaysia league and Harimau Muda A in the Singapore S.League. In 2015, he graduated from the national youth setup and was signed by Felda United. At Felda, he was converted from a defender to a defensive midfielder by head coach Irfan Bakti Abu Salim. In 2016, Shahrul returned to Perak. Shahrul has played for the Malaysia national football team, making his debut in late 2015 by national coach Ong Kim Swee. Shahrul has two older brother who also have played professional football, Shahrizal Saad and Syamsul Saad. Like him, both brothers have played for Perak and Malaysia national team. Shahrul even played under Syamsul when his brother was the head coach of Perak in 2016. Malaysia", "He represented District 26 which included Crook and Jefferson counties. The 1951 legislative session lasted for less than four months, from January 8 through May 3. During the session, he served on three committees: agriculture, alcohol control, and revision of laws. In 1952, Overhulse was unopposed in the Democratic primary and then easily won the general election. The 1953 legislative session only lasted three and a half months, starting on January 12 and ending on April 21. During the session, he was appointed to the agriculture, education, and revision of laws committees. However, Overhulse fell seriously ill with rheumatic fever in March and missed the latter half of the session. He was so sick he was taken home to Madras by ambulance. He finally returned to work at his law practice in July. In 1954, Overhulse decided to run for a third term. He faced two opponents in the Democratic primary and easily defeated both. In the primary, he also won the Republican nomination with write-in votes. As a result, he was unopposed in the general election. While he still represented Crook and Jefferson counties, redistricting changed his legislative district to District 25. The 1955 legislative session ran from January 10 through May 4. During the session, Overhulse served on a special committee that studied and made recommendations to update Oregon election laws. In 1956, Overhulse decided to run for a new state senate seat created by Oregon voters in 1954. The new district, District 17, included Crook, Deschutes, Jefferson, and Lake counties. He was unopposed in the Democratic primary, but faced a Republican and an independent in the general election. Overhulse won the general election with 7,770 votes. His Republican opponent received 5,593 votes while the independent candidate got 4,665 votes. Overhulse took his seat in the Oregon State Senate on January 14, 1957.", "By the end of the 1955 legislative session, due almost entirely to Manuel's unstinting efforts, the bill to kill the Turnpike had been defeated 36-4, the original law had actually been amended to extend the planned route of the new road by another 110 miles from Fort Pierce to Miami, and a $70 million bond issue had been authorized to finance the first stage of construction. Colonel Manuel served as chairman of the Turnpike Authority from 1955 to 1961. During his tenure, the first phase of construction began on July 4, 1955. However, by late 1956, owing to the Federal government's announced plans for a comprehensive interstate network of highways which would become the Interstate Highway System, and which was to include a route down Florida's east coast, designated I-95, which largely duplicated the Turnpike's originally-contemplated \"Coastal Route\" from Jacksonville to Fort Pierce, all work on the Turnpike stopped, and plans for further construction were shelved. Ironically, construction had begun at what was expected to be the southern terminus of what was officially known as the Sunshine State Parkway, rather than near the (northern) state line, meaning the only portion to be completed before the hiatus was the 110 mile stretch between Fort Pierce and Miami - the extension Manuel had proposed and won approval for during the 1955 legislative session. The ribbon-cutting ceremony was held January 25, 1957. Throughout the greater part of his service on the Turnpike Authority, Chairman Manuel was forced to contend with vigorous opposition from diverse segments of the political world, including those who felt it was a waste of tax dollars, rural interests unenthusiastic about devoting resources to a project seen as largely benefiting urban areas, tourism-based interests in the coastal towns of the counties between St. Augustine and Fort Lauderdale, railroad lines, and others.", "Shahrul Igwan Shahrul Igwan bin Samsudin (born 17 May 1994) is a Malaysian footballer for Kedah in the Malaysia Super League. He primarily plays as a defensive midfielder and as an attacking midfielder. Born in Negeri Sembilan, Shahrul joined the Bukit Jalil Sports School at the age of 14, and been promoted to Harimau Muda team at the age 18. At the same time, Shahrul trialled at his hometown Negeri Sembilan in 2014. When the Harimau Muda squad played in the Singapore league (2014, 2015), Shahrul was a key player for the squad, making 42 appearances and scoring four goals. After Harimau Muda team been dissolved in 2015, Shahrul signed two-years contract with his hometown side Negeri Sembilan. On 4 December 2017, Shahrul signed a one-year contract with Malaysia Super League club Selangor on a free transfer. Shahrul played for various Malaysian national youth teams, such as the under-16 and under-19 teams. With the under-16 team, he was a regular in the team making 25 appearances and scoring four goals. On 2009, Shahrul was called up to the Malaysia U-16 for 2010 AFC U-16 Championship qualification."], "answer": {"text": "Mink was elected to the Hawaii Territorial Legislature representing her district", "answer_start": 1822}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she meet her husband?", "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was her first job?", "answer": {"text": "returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she work after the law school library?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy worked to help elect John A. Burns to Congress.", "answer_start": 1556, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did John Burns get elected?", "answer": {"text": "elect John A. Burns to", "answer_start": 1577, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she then work for John Burns or somewhere else?", "answer": {"text": "The following year, she worked as staff attorney during the 1955 legislative session", "answer_start": 1610, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a73c09443204c7aa4fa1097724b8dd4_0_q#8", "question": "Did she do anything interesting as a legislator?", "rewrite": "Did Patsy do anything interesting as a legislator?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Where or When\" with an orchestra of children. Mickey has a date with Baby and dines in her house. Mickey wants Baby in the show, which needs $287. She offers to pay it. Mickey smokes a cigar and leaves sick. Mickey tells Patsy that Baby has to play the lead because of the money. Baby shows how limber she is. Mickey directs rehearsal with Baby and Don, imitating Clark Gable and Lionel Barrymore. Patsy sees Mickey kiss Baby. Mickey tries to stop Patsy from leaving. On the bus, Patsy sings \" I Cried for You\". Patsy goes to a theater to see her mother (Ann Shoemaker). Patsy says that Mickey is putting on a show to keep the kids out of an institution. Patsy's mother tells Patsy not to quit her show. Baby's father takes her out of the show, and Mickey asks Patsy to go on. In the show, Patsy sings \"Daddy Was a Minstrel Man\". Mickey and Patsy put on blackface and sing a medley with Don. Patsy sings \" I'm Just Wild About Harry\", but a storm drives the audience away. Mickey learns that his father quit theater and got an elevator job. Mrs. Steele says the children must report and gives Joe the paper. Mickey gets a letter from producer Maddox (Henry Hull), who liked the show and produces it. As hidden Mickey listens, Maddox asks bitter Joe to teach the youngsters in the show. Mickey introduces the show by singing \"God's Country\", which the company contrasts to fascism. Mickey and Patsy satirize Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, and then everybody dances and finishes with a chorus of \"God's Country\". Cast notes: \"Babes in Arms\" is the first film directed in its entirety at MGM by choreographer Busby Berkeley. It was produced by the Arthur Freed unit at the studio.", "Patsy of Paradise Place Patsy of Paradise Place, is a romantic fiction novel written by the English author Rosie Harris. The story is mostly set in Liverpool, and talks about the struggles of a young woman named Patsy Callaghan. It was first published in 2002. When Patsy Callaghan's father discovers that her mother, Maeve, neglects her, he stops going to sea. John Callagan buys a horse and cart and sets up as a carrier at Liverpool Docks. Patsy loves going out on the carrier with her father and Billy Grant, the boy that helps him. When one day John Callaghan is killed in an accident, and Maeave goes out again drinking binges, Billy, who is deeply in love with Patsy, helps her continue the business. Patsy falls in love with Bruno Alvarez a handsome fairground showman, and believes he is going to marry her and will travel to Spain together. When Patsy brings him to meet Maeve, he stays for the night and the next morning, Patsy finds Bruno and Maeve in bed together. Billy comforts her and tries to calm her down, until they end up making love. But when Maeve finds out that Patsy is pregnant, she throws her out of the house. Patsy hides in the stables and Billy takes care of the baby, Liam, when he is born. While she is hiding in the stables, Billy has an accident and is crippled. Unable to find Bruno, Patsy lives with Billy's family. As Liam gets older, Patsy starts working as a nurse. When Liam develops tuberculosis, Patsy decides to find Bruno and discovers that he and her mother went off together. Eventually, Liam dies and Patsy is once more depressed. Billy comforts her again, and she realises how much she loves him. They decide to open a new business on their own and get married.", "Jim Farber of \"Entertainment Weekly\" called it \"the most deeply personal album Mayer has ever released\", giving it B+ while stating \"if mellowness remains Mayer\u2019s weakness, the brilliance of his best compositions provides a worthy trade-off\". Robert Christgau gave this album a two-star honorable mention: \"If you wonder why women fall for a guy with his romantic history, listen to his songs with an open mind\", highlighting \"Love on the Weekend\" and \"Never on the Day You Leave\". However, Alex McLevy of \"AV Club\" gave the album a D, stating \"John Mayer loses all trace of anything interesting\". The 4.9 out of 10 review from Katherine St. Asaph of \"Pitchfork\" was also unfavorable, saying the album is \"pleasantly bland\". \"The Search for Everything\" debuted at number two on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with 132,000 album-equivalent units, of which 120,000 were pure album sales. It debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" Top Rock Albums, becoming the third number one album by Mayer in 2017 on this chart following the two EPs \"Wave One\" and \"Wave Two.\" Adapted from album's liner notes. \"The Search for Everything\" at Metacritic", "During the \"Civil War II\" storyline, Patsy Walker learns that She-Hulk is in a coma at the Triskelion. Miss America allows Patsy to visit her. After the visit, Patsy tells Howard the Duck and the other tenants about She-Hulk's current condition, and moves her offices to where Jennifer operated as a lawyer. Afterwards, Hedy dupes Patsy's ex-husbands Mad-Dog and Daimon Hellstrom into fighting her. Daimon sends Patsy to a dimension ruled by the demon Belial, who tries to bring Hellcat to his side. Patsy then confronts her former friend Black Cat, now leading a gang of criminals. Patsy suddenly catches a cold that causes her to alter reality when she sneezes. After several disasters, Patsy accidentally makes a building disappear. Hedy then calls Patsy and reveals that she is dating the demon Belial, who helps Patsy overcome her grief over She-Hulk and cures her of the cold. Patsy then receives a check for a big amount of money from She-Hulk and takes Ian, Tom, and Jubilee to the mall. While shopping, they encounter two teenage girls pretending to be supervillains, who are revealed to be Patsy's biggest fans. Ian then figures out that the girls like each other and resolves their dispute. After that, Patsy expresses joy of how her life has changed. Hellcat is in possession of a magic cloak that enables her to sense mystical phenomena or deflect mystical attacks. She is able to summon her costume at will. She also possesses retractable claws and grappling hooks on her wrists. Patsy is also a well-trained martial artist and gymnast, having trained with the Avengers and Moondragon. Patsy Walker has appeared in Marvel Comics' Multiverse Ultimate Marvel imprint.", "At the time, Philly was acting capo of Junior Soprano's crew and Patsy was a member. He is from Bloomfield, New Jersey. Patsy never had concrete evidence about his brother's murder but it occurred soon after a brief and bloody war between Junior and Tony, and Philly was known to be talking about Tony's actions. It was this killing that prompted Tony to move Patsy to keep an eye on him. Patsy took the killing very hard, which brought on a problem with alcoholism and considering killing Tony \u2014 in 2000, a drunken Patsy was observed by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents outside the Soprano family home leveling a gun at Tony through his window on his birthday. He reconsidered though, and only urinated in the Sopranos' pool. Patsy also openly vented his feelings of loss to the Soprano crew in front of the men responsible for his brother's death, Gigi and Tony, at a dinner in the back of Satriale's. However, he eventually put his grief behind him. Patsy still has questionable loyalties. When Patsy's then capo Paulie Gualtieri was in prison in 2002, Tony promoted Christopher Moltisanti to acting captain over Patsy (who had seniority). Patsy did not take this well, eventually getting into a fight with Christopher. Patsy was given a no-show construction job as a safety inspector or engineer, as he is seen wearing a green helmet on the site. When Paulie was released and promoted to underboss, Christopher was made capo permanently. Patsy eventually seemed comfortable working with him. In the penultimate episode \"The Blue Comet\", Patsy is nearly killed by two men sent to murder Silvio Dante. Patsy manages to hold them off, but Silvio is badly wounded and put into a coma, and Patsy runs into the woods fleeing for his life."], "answer": {"text": "Mink served in the Hawaii State Senate.", "answer_start": 68}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Patsy ever married?", "answer": {"text": "He would become her husband and lifelong partner.", "answer_start": 135, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she meet her husband?", "answer": {"text": "While attending the University of Chicago Law School,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any children?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy gave birth to daughter Gwendolyn (Wendy),", "answer_start": 424, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was her first job?", "answer": {"text": "returned to her student job at the University of Chicago Law School library", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she work after the law school library?", "answer": {"text": "Patsy worked to help elect John A. Burns to Congress.", "answer_start": 1556, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did John Burns get elected?", "answer": {"text": "elect John A. Burns to", "answer_start": 1577, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she then work for John Burns or somewhere else?", "answer": {"text": "The following year, she worked as staff attorney during the 1955 legislative session", "answer_start": 1610, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do next?", "answer": {"text": "Mink was elected to the Hawaii Territorial Legislature representing her district", "answer_start": 1822, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3e58aeaa00d495aa9e1f23ee3849066_0_q#0", "question": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "rewrite": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions. The phrase was a label for the particular facet of post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive. This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters.", "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\" At the height of \"Spice mania\", the group were involved in a prolific marketing phenomenon. They advertised for an unprecedented number of brands, becoming the most merchandised group in music history, and were a frequent feature of the global press. According to Rolling Stone's David Sinclair, \"So great was the daily bombardment of Spice images and Spice product that it quickly became oppressive even to people who were well disposed towards the group.\"", "Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals The Spice Girls are an English pop girl group that first came to international prominence with the release of their chart-topping debut single \"Wannabe\" in 1996. In 1997, the band became involved in an unprecedented marketing phenomenon, leading to a prolific number of Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals. With the official Spice Girls branding on hundreds of different products, they became the most merchandised group in music history. The Spice Girls brand reportedly produced over \u00a3300 million worldwide through merchandise in 1997. Globally, the group's total grosses were estimated to have been $500\u2013800 million by May 1998. Off the back of their record-breaking debut album \"Spice\", the Spice Girls began signing many lucrative merchandising and endorsement deals. In February 1997, the Spice Girls were booked to help launch the West McLaren Mercedes MP4/12 at London\u2019s Alexandra Palace. They performed \"Wannabe\", \" Say You'll Be There\" and \"Who Do You Think You Are\" to an assembled audience of five thousand, comprising media, sponsors, VIP guests and fans. The event was filmed by MTV and presented by Davina McCall. In March, \"Girl Power!\" , the Spice Girls' first book was launched at the Virgin Megastore; it sold out its initial print run of 200,000 copies within a day, and was eventually translated into more than 20 languages. Later that month, the group were booked to launch Britain's fifth terrestrial television network, Channel 5, for a reported fee of \u00a3500,000. They appeared in promotional print ads, recorded a song (\"1,2,3,4,5!\") and filmed a music video that became the network's first broadcast programme. The launch was watched by 2.49 million viewers.", "This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters. Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\"", "Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\" The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\""], "answer": {"text": "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a3e58aeaa00d495aa9e1f23ee3849066_0_q#1", "question": "What mixed reactions did it have?", "rewrite": "What mixed reactions did the \"girl power\" slogan have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Girl Power 4 Varna aired on SFR Sport 5 and B1B Pay-Per-View featuring the fighters out of Belgium, France, Romania, Denmark, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia. The program featured Bulgarian Aleksandar Petrov earning WKN European light heavyweight title, via the third-round KO victory over Serbian Bojan Gajic. \"February 9, 2018\" \"Girl Power 5 Stara Zagora\" aired on SFR Sport 5, B1B Action TV and FITE PPV on Friday February 9, 2018 from Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. The event featured the winners of three previous episodes, two semi-finalists and three newcomers. Turkish Irem Akin won three fights in one night, consequently taking all tournament. She has also become the winner of Girl Power Season 1. \"June 29, 2018\"  \"Girl Power 6\" was produced on June 29, 2018 in Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, marking the second visit of women's kickboxing tournament to the city. Italian Jessica Puglisi won the tournament and received WKN championship belt, taking three wins in one night. The event also marked the first time when the fighters out of Middle East and South American took part in the Girl Power contest. \"October 19, 2018\" Girl Power Kickboxing made Czech debut with series 7 produced in Kladno. Lucia Szabova of Slovakia won the tournament taking WKN championship belt. The event was attended by four-time K-1 champion Ernesto Hoost. \"June 7, 2019\"  Girl Power Kickboxing made its debut in Poland with episode 8 produced in Bedzin. Vittoria Di Mauro of Italy won the tournament.", "Girl power Girl power (sometimes spelled grrrl power) is a slogan that encourages and celebrates women's empowerment, independence, confidence and strength. The slogan's invention is credited to US punk band Bikini Kill, who published a zine called \"Girl Power\" in 1991. In 1991, US punk band Bikini Kill published a feminist zine called \"Girl Power\". The band's lead singer, Kathleen Hanna, said was inspired by the Black Power slogan. The term became popular in the early and mid 90s punk culture. \" The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll\" credits the zine with coining the slogan: \" In their feminist fanzine Bikini Kill they articulated an agenda for young women in and outside of music; the band put those ideas to practice. (Ironically, the zine first coined the \"girl power\" slogan, later co-opted by England's bubblegum pop band the Spice Girls.) Bikini Kill earned a reputation in the punk underground for confronting certain standards of that genre; for example, asking people to slam at the side of the stage, so that women would not get pushed out of the front, and inviting women to take the mike and talk about sexual abuse.\" The phrase is sometimes sensationally spelled \"grrrl power\", based on the spelling of \"riot grrrl\". Some other musical artists who have used the slogan in their music are Welsh band Helen Love, with it appearing in the chorus of their 1992 song \u201cFormula One Racing Girls\u201d, and pop-punk duo Shampoo, who released an album and single titled \"Girl Power\" in 1995. British pop quintet Spice Girls popularized the slogan in the mid-1990s.", "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions. The phrase was a label for the particular facet of post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive. This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters.", "In her 2002 book \"Girl Heroes: The New Force in Popular Culture\", Professor Susan Hopkins suggests a correlation between \"girl power\", Spice Girls, and female action heroes at the end of the 20th century. Geri Halliwell, a member of the Spice Girls, credited former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a leading conservative, as the pioneer of their ideology of girl power. The slogan has also been examined within the context of the academic field, for example Buffy studies. Media theorist Kathleen Rowe Karlyn in her article \"Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: I'm Not My Mother\" and Irene Karras in \"The Third Wave's Final girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" suggest a link with third-wave feminism. Frances Early and Kathleen Kennedy in the introduction to \"Athena\u2019s Daughters: Television\u2019s New Women Warriors\", discuss what they describe as a link between girl power and a \"new\" image of women warriors in popular culture. A 2001 update to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" defined \"girl power\" as: The dictionary further offers an example of this term by quoting from \"Angel Delight\", an article in the March 24, 2001 issue of \"Dreamwatch\" about the television series \"Dark Angel\": Dr. Debbie Ging, Chair of the BA in Communications Studies in Dublin City University, was critical of the \"Girl power\" ideals, and linked it to the sexualisation of younger children, girls in particular. Amy McClure of North Carolina State University warns against placing too much hope on girl power as an empowering concept. She says, \u201cAn ideology based on consumerism can never be a revolutionary social movement. The fact that it appears to be a revolutionary movement is a dangerous lie that not only marketers sell to us but that we often happily sell to ourselves.\u201d", "Girl Power (Kickboxing) Girl Power - \"\"Fight Like a Girl\"\" is a series of women's kickboxing tournaments created by Bigger's Better Boxing and World Kickboxing Network, live on SFR Sport 5. The series follow the format of the heavyweight boxing tournaments \"Bigger's Better\" the organization has produced live on Eurosport during three season (2010-2013). Each \"Girl Power\" episode features eight international featherweight female kickboxers battling out in a single elimination tournament (quarter-final, semi-final and final). To take all, the contender has to collect three victories during one evening. WKN championship belt at stake. \"November 14, 2014\" Bigger's Better Boxing presents 8-woman kickboxing tournament \"Girl Power\" live on Pay-Per-View with Dailymotion in Liepaja, Latvia. The event makes history with Hall of Fame American boxing referee Steve Smoger making his debut as a referee in kickboxing. \"February 10, 2017\" Bigger's Better launches \"Girl Power\" series live on SFR Sport 5. The episode is held in Stara Zagora featuring French, Serbian, Belgian, Bosnian and Bulgarian fighters battling out in an eight-woman one-night tournament. French Mallaury Kalachnikoff wins the tournament, taking three victories during one evening. \"June 23, 2017\"  \"Girl Power\" returns to Bulgaria with the third episode held at Platinum Casino & Hotel in Sunny Beach resort. The roster of the contest features female kickboxers representing Turkey, Serbia, Czech Republic, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Russia, Belgium and France. Irem Akin of Turkey earns three victories during one evening, taking all tournament. \"October 13, 2017\""], "answer": {"text": "post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive.", "answer_start": 155}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3e58aeaa00d495aa9e1f23ee3849066_0_q#2", "question": "What else happened following these mixed reactions?", "rewrite": "What else happened following the mixed reactions the \"girl power\" in addition to neo-feminism embracing Spice Girls?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\" At the height of \"Spice mania\", the group were involved in a prolific marketing phenomenon. They advertised for an unprecedented number of brands, becoming the most merchandised group in music history, and were a frequent feature of the global press. According to Rolling Stone's David Sinclair, \"So great was the daily bombardment of Spice images and Spice product that it quickly became oppressive even to people who were well disposed towards the group.\"", "In her 2002 book \"Girl Heroes: The New Force in Popular Culture\", Professor Susan Hopkins suggests a correlation between \"girl power\", Spice Girls, and female action heroes at the end of the 20th century. Geri Halliwell, a member of the Spice Girls, credited former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a leading conservative, as the pioneer of their ideology of girl power. The slogan has also been examined within the context of the academic field, for example Buffy studies. Media theorist Kathleen Rowe Karlyn in her article \"Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: I'm Not My Mother\" and Irene Karras in \"The Third Wave's Final girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" suggest a link with third-wave feminism. Frances Early and Kathleen Kennedy in the introduction to \"Athena\u2019s Daughters: Television\u2019s New Women Warriors\", discuss what they describe as a link between girl power and a \"new\" image of women warriors in popular culture. A 2001 update to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" defined \"girl power\" as: The dictionary further offers an example of this term by quoting from \"Angel Delight\", an article in the March 24, 2001 issue of \"Dreamwatch\" about the television series \"Dark Angel\": Dr. Debbie Ging, Chair of the BA in Communications Studies in Dublin City University, was critical of the \"Girl power\" ideals, and linked it to the sexualisation of younger children, girls in particular. Amy McClure of North Carolina State University warns against placing too much hope on girl power as an empowering concept. She says, \u201cAn ideology based on consumerism can never be a revolutionary social movement. The fact that it appears to be a revolutionary movement is a dangerous lie that not only marketers sell to us but that we often happily sell to ourselves.\u201d", "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions. The phrase was a label for the particular facet of post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive. This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters.", "This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters. Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\"", "Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\" The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\""], "answer": {"text": "it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness.", "answer_start": 703}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mixed reactions did it have?", "answer": {"text": "post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3e58aeaa00d495aa9e1f23ee3849066_0_q#3", "question": "Were there a lot of controversy going on at this time?", "rewrite": "Were there a lot of controversy going on at the time when \"girl power\" became a part of the common consciousness?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters. Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\"", "Girl power Girl power (sometimes spelled grrrl power) is a slogan that encourages and celebrates women's empowerment, independence, confidence and strength. The slogan's invention is credited to US punk band Bikini Kill, who published a zine called \"Girl Power\" in 1991. In 1991, US punk band Bikini Kill published a feminist zine called \"Girl Power\". The band's lead singer, Kathleen Hanna, said was inspired by the Black Power slogan. The term became popular in the early and mid 90s punk culture. \" The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll\" credits the zine with coining the slogan: \" In their feminist fanzine Bikini Kill they articulated an agenda for young women in and outside of music; the band put those ideas to practice. (Ironically, the zine first coined the \"girl power\" slogan, later co-opted by England's bubblegum pop band the Spice Girls.) Bikini Kill earned a reputation in the punk underground for confronting certain standards of that genre; for example, asking people to slam at the side of the stage, so that women would not get pushed out of the front, and inviting women to take the mike and talk about sexual abuse.\" The phrase is sometimes sensationally spelled \"grrrl power\", based on the spelling of \"riot grrrl\". Some other musical artists who have used the slogan in their music are Welsh band Helen Love, with it appearing in the chorus of their 1992 song \u201cFormula One Racing Girls\u201d, and pop-punk duo Shampoo, who released an album and single titled \"Girl Power\" in 1995. British pop quintet Spice Girls popularized the slogan in the mid-1990s.", "In her 2002 book \"Girl Heroes: The New Force in Popular Culture\", Professor Susan Hopkins suggests a correlation between \"girl power\", Spice Girls, and female action heroes at the end of the 20th century. Geri Halliwell, a member of the Spice Girls, credited former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a leading conservative, as the pioneer of their ideology of girl power. The slogan has also been examined within the context of the academic field, for example Buffy studies. Media theorist Kathleen Rowe Karlyn in her article \"Scream, Popular Culture, and Feminism's Third Wave: I'm Not My Mother\" and Irene Karras in \"The Third Wave's Final girl: Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" suggest a link with third-wave feminism. Frances Early and Kathleen Kennedy in the introduction to \"Athena\u2019s Daughters: Television\u2019s New Women Warriors\", discuss what they describe as a link between girl power and a \"new\" image of women warriors in popular culture. A 2001 update to the \"Oxford English Dictionary\" defined \"girl power\" as: The dictionary further offers an example of this term by quoting from \"Angel Delight\", an article in the March 24, 2001 issue of \"Dreamwatch\" about the television series \"Dark Angel\": Dr. Debbie Ging, Chair of the BA in Communications Studies in Dublin City University, was critical of the \"Girl power\" ideals, and linked it to the sexualisation of younger children, girls in particular. Amy McClure of North Carolina State University warns against placing too much hope on girl power as an empowering concept. She says, \u201cAn ideology based on consumerism can never be a revolutionary social movement. The fact that it appears to be a revolutionary movement is a dangerous lie that not only marketers sell to us but that we often happily sell to ourselves.\u201d", "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions. The phrase was a label for the particular facet of post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive. This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters.", "Girl Power 4 Varna aired on SFR Sport 5 and B1B Pay-Per-View featuring the fighters out of Belgium, France, Romania, Denmark, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia. The program featured Bulgarian Aleksandar Petrov earning WKN European light heavyweight title, via the third-round KO victory over Serbian Bojan Gajic. \"February 9, 2018\" \"Girl Power 5 Stara Zagora\" aired on SFR Sport 5, B1B Action TV and FITE PPV on Friday February 9, 2018 from Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. The event featured the winners of three previous episodes, two semi-finalists and three newcomers. Turkish Irem Akin won three fights in one night, consequently taking all tournament. She has also become the winner of Girl Power Season 1. \"June 29, 2018\"  \"Girl Power 6\" was produced on June 29, 2018 in Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, marking the second visit of women's kickboxing tournament to the city. Italian Jessica Puglisi won the tournament and received WKN championship belt, taking three wins in one night. The event also marked the first time when the fighters out of Middle East and South American took part in the Girl Power contest. \"October 19, 2018\" Girl Power Kickboxing made Czech debut with series 7 produced in Kladno. Lucia Szabova of Slovakia won the tournament taking WKN championship belt. The event was attended by four-time K-1 champion Ernesto Hoost. \"June 7, 2019\"  Girl Power Kickboxing made its debut in Poland with episode 8 produced in Bedzin. Vittoria Di Mauro of Italy won the tournament."], "answer": {"text": "some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance,", "answer_start": 1638}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mixed reactions did it have?", "answer": {"text": "post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened following these mixed reactions?", "answer": {"text": "it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness.", "answer_start": 703, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3e58aeaa00d495aa9e1f23ee3849066_0_q#4", "question": "Did the spice girls go on to be successful regarding their girl power?", "rewrite": "Did The Spice Girls go on to be successful regarding the bands \"girl power\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\" The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\"", "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\" At the height of \"Spice mania\", the group were involved in a prolific marketing phenomenon. They advertised for an unprecedented number of brands, becoming the most merchandised group in music history, and were a frequent feature of the global press. According to Rolling Stone's David Sinclair, \"So great was the daily bombardment of Spice images and Spice product that it quickly became oppressive even to people who were well disposed towards the group.\"", "This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters. Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\"", "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions. The phrase was a label for the particular facet of post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive. This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters.", "Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals The Spice Girls are an English pop girl group that first came to international prominence with the release of their chart-topping debut single \"Wannabe\" in 1996. In 1997, the band became involved in an unprecedented marketing phenomenon, leading to a prolific number of Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals. With the official Spice Girls branding on hundreds of different products, they became the most merchandised group in music history. The Spice Girls brand reportedly produced over \u00a3300 million worldwide through merchandise in 1997. Globally, the group's total grosses were estimated to have been $500\u2013800 million by May 1998. Off the back of their record-breaking debut album \"Spice\", the Spice Girls began signing many lucrative merchandising and endorsement deals. In February 1997, the Spice Girls were booked to help launch the West McLaren Mercedes MP4/12 at London\u2019s Alexandra Palace. They performed \"Wannabe\", \" Say You'll Be There\" and \"Who Do You Think You Are\" to an assembled audience of five thousand, comprising media, sponsors, VIP guests and fans. The event was filmed by MTV and presented by Davina McCall. In March, \"Girl Power!\" , the Spice Girls' first book was launched at the Virgin Megastore; it sold out its initial print run of 200,000 copies within a day, and was eventually translated into more than 20 languages. Later that month, the group were booked to launch Britain's fifth terrestrial television network, Channel 5, for a reported fee of \u00a3500,000. They appeared in promotional print ads, recorded a song (\"1,2,3,4,5!\") and filmed a music video that became the network's first broadcast programme. The launch was watched by 2.49 million viewers."], "answer": {"text": "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\".", "answer_start": 307}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mixed reactions did it have?", "answer": {"text": "post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened following these mixed reactions?", "answer": {"text": "it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness.", "answer_start": 703, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there a lot of controversy going on at this time?", "answer": {"text": "some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance,", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3e58aeaa00d495aa9e1f23ee3849066_0_q#5", "question": "Did they have a huge following?", "rewrite": "Did The Spice Girls have a huge following?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Over 40 different Spice Girls-branded goods were stocked including food, clothing, gifts, stationary, party supplies, Christmas crackers, individual pizzas with each band member representing a different flavour, homewear, books, videos, platform shoes and even Spice Girls-branded Kids Meals Boxes in the stores' restaurants. The deal was promoted in Asda\u2019s pre-Christmas television and print advertising campaign. That same month, it was announced that the Spice Girls had signed a licensing deal with merchandising company PMS International to produce a wide range of official Spice Girls products. Over 200 separate Spice Girls items were released including stationery, toys, lunch boxes, bags, purses, party goods, clothing, mugs, cosmetics, postcards, picture frames, keyrings and badges, all in the Spice Girls official colours of magenta and white. Upon the release of Spice World, movie memorabilia was also produced, including toy versions of the Spice Bus. In October 1997, Cadbury signed a deal with the band to release a range of Spice Girls-branded chocolate products. The range consisted of 10 chocolate countlines, assorted boxes and holiday confectioneries including Easter eggs, featuring the Spice Girls individually or as a group. In the same month, it was announced that the Spice Girls had signed a deal with Chupa Chups to release a range of Spice Girls products, including different tins filled with assorted lollipops featuring each girl, \"Fantasy Ball\" Chupa Chups with different packages each featuring a collectible Spice Girl sticker, \"Push Pops\", \"Crazy Dips\", toy microphones and bubblegum packets that came with collectible Spice Girls temporary tattoos. The band also signed a merchandising and distribution deal with American retailer Target.", "The Spice Girls won Top Boxscore for Return of the Spice Girls, The O2 Arena, London December 15 \u2013 January 22 (17 shows). The Spice Girls topped six Billboard year-end charts in just two years. In 1997, the Spice Girls won five year-end chart awards including Billboard's Top Pop Artist and Top Album. The Spice Girls received three nominations and won the Fan.tastic Video award\u2014given by online Billboard readers\u2014at the 1997 Billboard Music Video Awards. The Spice Girls were nominated for their roles in \"Spice World\". The Bravo Otto is a German accolade honoring excellence of performers in film, television and music. Established in 1957, the award is presented annually, with winners selected by the readers of Bravo magazine. The award is presented in gold, silver and bronze and, since 1996, an honorary platinum statuette presented for lifetime achievement. The Spice Girls have received two awards. The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. The Spice Girls have been nominated nine times and have picked up five awards, including three special recognition awards; in 1998 a special recognition award for global album sales, in 2000 a lifetime achievement award recognising outstanding contribution to the British music industry, previous winners include Elton John, Annie Lennox, U2, The Beatles and Queen, and in 2010 a special recognition award recognising the best performances over the past 30 years of the Brit Awards. The Spice Girls have received two Channel V India Music awards. The Spice Girls received one nomination at the annual Danish Grammy Awards in February, 1997 The Echo Music Prize is an accolade by the an association of recording companies of Germany to recognise outstanding achievement in the music industry. Each year's winner is determined by the previous year's sales. The Spice Girls have received one Echo award.", "The discount store retailer was one of the largest suppliers of official Spice Girls merchandise in the United States and Australia, devoting aisles to Spice Girls products such as bikes, school supplies, party supplies, and toys. The Spice Girls were also sponsored by shoe brands Shellys London and Buffalo, and launched an official shoe line for adults and children. In December 1997, the first series of official Spice Girls dolls by toy company Galoob (now Hasbro) was released, with subsequent series released in 1998 and 1999. The dolls became a huge hit during the 1997 and 1998 Christmas seasons, selling over 11 million to become the best-selling celebrity dolls of all time. The dolls were the fifth best-selling toy\u2014despite limited stock\u2014in the UK for the 1997 Christmas season according to the British Association of Toy Retailers' annual Christmas best seller chart, and the second best-selling toy of 1998 in the United States according to toy trade publication \"Playthings\" annual industry survey. By the end of 1997, the Spice Girls had become a \"formidable money making machine\", estimated to have earned over \u00a3300 million worldwide that year through their marketing efforts. The Spice Girls brand was named one of 1997's best brands in \"Advertising Age\"s annual \"Top Marketing 100\" list. Some analysts cautioned of a brand \"overkill\", with \"The Independent\"s Paul McCann warning that the \"endless exploitation of the band's name signals the beginning of the end for the Spice phenomenon.\" However, the Spice Girls continued to sign more merchandising and sponsorship deals in the following year. In early 1998, the Spice Girls signed a sponsorship deal for their 1998 Spiceworld world tour with Italian scooter maker Aprilia. As part of the deal, five different \"Spice Sonic\" scooters\u2014each promoting a Spice Girl\u2014were created and marketed.", "The MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. In 1997, the Spice Girls received two nominations and won in the category of Best Dance Video for Wannabe. The Spice Girls have received one award from one nomination at the . The Music Television Awards (MTAs) were held in Russia. Spice Girls received a total of six nominations and won three awards. The Spice Girls won two Best Seller Awards at the NARM awards in 1998. The Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards is an annual awards show that airs on the Nickelodeon cable channel that honors the year's biggest television, movie, and music acts, as voted by Nickelodeon viewers. The Spice Girls have received three nominations including one for their acting roles in \"Spice World\". The Spice Girls were nominated three times for the Now Music 100 Awards in 2018 The Spice Girls won the Album of the Year award at the 1998 Online Music Awards, hosted by Spin and AOL for having the top selling album of 1997. The Greek Pop Corn Music Awards are a defunct awards ceremony that were the first official Greek music awards show from 1992-2001 and were organised by the Greek magazine Pop Corn. The Arion Music Awards became the new national music awards ceremony in 2001 after the Pop Corns were discontinued. The Spice Girls have won two Pop Corn awards from two nominations. Porin is a Croatian music award founded by Croatian Phonographic Association, Croatian Musicians Union, Croatian Radiotelevision and Croatian Composers' Society. The Spice Girls have won one Amigo award. The Spice Girls have won one Ondas award. The Spice Girls won the award for Best Single at the 1997 Red Nose Awards held in conjunction with the 1997 Comic Relief Red Nose Day telethon. The Smash Hits Poll Winners Party was an awards ceremony which ran from 1988 to 2005.", "Spice Girls filmography  English pop girl group the Spice Girls have starred in one feature film, as well as several television specials, documentaries and commercials. They made their film debut in 1997, starring in their feature film \"Spice World\". The film was a commercial success, but was widely panned by critics, earning the group the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress. The Spice Girls have hosted various television specials. In November 1997, the Spice Girls became the first pop group to host ITV's \"An Audience with...\"; their show featured an all-female audience and was watched by 11.8 million viewers in the UK, one fifth of the country's total population. On Christmas Eve that year, the group presented a \"Spice Girls on Top of the Pops\" television special on BBC One. Concert specials of their three tours in the late 1990s were also broadcast. On Christmas Day 1997, ITV aired a concert special titled \"Spice Up Your Christmas\", which consisted of highlights from the Spice Girls' October 1997 concert in Istanbul. \" The Spice Girls In Concert - Wild! \" pay-per-view concert special of the group's October 1997 show in Istanbul aired on various dates throughout 1998 in the US on Showtime. Its first airing on 17 January 1998 was the highest-rated music pay-per-view in seven years. The concert was aired again in the US on Fox Family Channel on 16 August 1998, receiving a 1.8 household rating despite being up against a four-hour Spice Girls MTV special and a different pay-per-view Spice Girls concert airing the same weekend. In September 1998, a television special titled \"Spice Girls: Live in Your Living Room\" was aired on Sky One."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mixed reactions did it have?", "answer": {"text": "post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened following these mixed reactions?", "answer": {"text": "it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness.", "answer_start": 703, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there a lot of controversy going on at this time?", "answer": {"text": "some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance,", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the spice girls go on to be successful regarding their girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\".", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a3e58aeaa00d495aa9e1f23ee3849066_0_q#6", "question": "What are some important aspects?", "rewrite": "What are some important aspects of the Spice Girls \"girl power\" phenomenon in addition to the criticism and support?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions. The phrase was a label for the particular facet of post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive. This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters.", "This concept was by no means original in the pop world: both Madonna and Bananarama had employed similar outlooks. The phrase itself had also appeared in a few songs by British girl groups and bands since at least 1987; most notably, it was the name of British pop duo Shampoo's 1996 single and album, later credited by Halliwell as the inspiration for the Spice Girls' mantra. However, it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness. The phrase was regularly uttered by all five members--although most closely associated with Halliwell--and was often delivered with a peace sign. The slogan also featured on official Spice Girls merchandise and on some of the outfits the group members wore. The Spice Girls' version was distinctive. Its message of empowerment appealed to young girls, adolescents and adult women, and it emphasised the importance of strong and loyal friendship among females. In all, the focused, consistent presentation of \"girl power\" formed the centrepiece of their appeal as a band. Some commentators credit the Spice Girls with reinvigorating mainstream feminism--popularized as \"girl power\"--in the 1990s, with their mantra serving as a gateway to feminism for their young fans. On the other hand, some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance, concerned about the potential impact on self-conscious and/or impressionable youngsters. Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\"", "Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals The Spice Girls are an English pop girl group that first came to international prominence with the release of their chart-topping debut single \"Wannabe\" in 1996. In 1997, the band became involved in an unprecedented marketing phenomenon, leading to a prolific number of Spice Girls merchandise and sponsorship deals. With the official Spice Girls branding on hundreds of different products, they became the most merchandised group in music history. The Spice Girls brand reportedly produced over \u00a3300 million worldwide through merchandise in 1997. Globally, the group's total grosses were estimated to have been $500\u2013800 million by May 1998. Off the back of their record-breaking debut album \"Spice\", the Spice Girls began signing many lucrative merchandising and endorsement deals. In February 1997, the Spice Girls were booked to help launch the West McLaren Mercedes MP4/12 at London\u2019s Alexandra Palace. They performed \"Wannabe\", \" Say You'll Be There\" and \"Who Do You Think You Are\" to an assembled audience of five thousand, comprising media, sponsors, VIP guests and fans. The event was filmed by MTV and presented by Davina McCall. In March, \"Girl Power!\" , the Spice Girls' first book was launched at the Virgin Megastore; it sold out its initial print run of 200,000 copies within a day, and was eventually translated into more than 20 languages. Later that month, the group were booked to launch Britain's fifth terrestrial television network, Channel 5, for a reported fee of \u00a3500,000. They appeared in promotional print ads, recorded a song (\"1,2,3,4,5!\") and filmed a music video that became the network's first broadcast programme. The launch was watched by 2.49 million viewers.", "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\" At the height of \"Spice mania\", the group were involved in a prolific marketing phenomenon. They advertised for an unprecedented number of brands, becoming the most merchandised group in music history, and were a frequent feature of the global press. According to Rolling Stone's David Sinclair, \"So great was the daily bombardment of Spice images and Spice product that it quickly became oppressive even to people who were well disposed towards the group.\"", "Regardless, the phrase became a cultural phenomenon, adopted as the mantra for millions of girls and even making it into the Oxford English Dictionary. In summation of the concept, author Ryan Dawson said, \"The Spice Girls changed British culture enough for Girl Power to now seem completely unremarkable.\" The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\". In 2016, the United Nations' Global Goals \"#WhatIReallyReallyWant\" campaign filmed a global remake of the original music video for \"Wannabe\" to highlight gender inequality issues faced by women across the world. The video, which was launched on YouTube and ran in movie theatres internationally, featured British girl group M.O, Canadian \"viral sensation\" Taylor Hatala, Nigerian-British singer Seyi Shay and Bollywood actress Jacqueline Fernandez lip-syncing to the song in various locations around the world. In response to the remake, Beckham said, \"How fabulous is it that after 20 years the legacy of the Spice Girls' girl power is being used to encourage and empower a whole new generation?\" At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech, and credited the Spice Girls, saying: \"What was so neat about them was that they're all so distinctly different, and they were women, and they owned who they were, and that was my first introduction into girl power.\""], "answer": {"text": "At the 43rd People's Choice Awards in January 2017, American actress Blake Lively dedicated her \"Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress\" award to \"girl power\" in her acceptance speech,", "answer_start": 1095}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Exactly what is meant by the Spice Girls Girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The phrase \"girl power\" put a name to a social phenomenon, but the slogan was met with mixed reactions.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mixed reactions did it have?", "answer": {"text": "post classical neo-feminist empowerment embraced by the band: that a sensual, feminine appearance and equality between the sexes need not be mutually exclusive.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happened following these mixed reactions?", "answer": {"text": "it was not until the emergence of the Spice Girls in 1996 with \"Wannabe\", that the concept of \"girl power\" exploded onto the common consciousness.", "answer_start": 703, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there a lot of controversy going on at this time?", "answer": {"text": "some critics dismissed it as no more than a shallow marketing tactic, while others took issue with the emphasis on physical appearance,", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the spice girls go on to be successful regarding their girl power?", "answer": {"text": "The Spice Girls' debut single \"Wannabe\" has been hailed as an \"iconic girl power anthem\".", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they have a huge following?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46a4c9062be04c7d8c32f430a8a427e6_1_q#0", "question": "When did Glavine sign with the Atlanta Braves?", "rewrite": "When did Glavine sign with the Atlanta Braves?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Big Three (Atlanta Braves) The Big Three was a trio of Major League Baseball starting pitchers for the Atlanta Braves from 1993-2002 which consisted of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz. The Big Three combined to win six National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s and helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a 1995 World Series win. Each member of the Big Three has had their jersey retired by the Atlanta Braves and has been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Tom Glavine made his Major League debut on August 17, 1987 while John Smoltz made his Major League debut on July 23, 1988. At that time, Greg Maddux was playing with the Chicago Cubs. Both Smoltz and Glavine quickly established themselves as viable starting pitchers for the Braves by 1990. Their dominance begun in 1991 as Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 20 wins, winning his first Cy Young Award. They helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a West Division title and a trip to the World Series that season, where the Braves fell to the Minnesota Twins in 7 games. Smoltz and Glavine's success continued into 1992, with Glavine finishing second in the Cy Young voting, and Smoltz being named to the National League All-Star team. Prior to the 1993 MLB season, the Atlanta Braves signed 1992 NL Cy Young Award Winner Greg Maddux from the Chicago Cubs, marking the beginning of the Big Three era. The Big Three had a strong 1993 season as Greg Maddux posted a 20-10 record, winning his second straight NL Cy Young Award, Tom Glavine led the NL in wins for the third consecutive season as he posted a 22-6 record, and John Smoltz once again making the All Star team.", "List of Atlanta Braves Opening Day starting pitchers The Atlanta Braves are a Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise based in Atlanta. They play in the National League East division. They were based in Milwaukee and Boston before moving to Atlanta for the 1966 season. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starter is an honor, which is often given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. The Atlanta Braves have used 19 different Opening Day starting pitchers in their 47 seasons in Atlanta. The 19 starters have a combined Opening Day record of 14 wins, 20 losses and 13 no decisions. No decisions are only awarded to the starting pitcher if the game is won or lost after the starting pitcher has left the game. Hall of Famer Phil Niekro holds the Atlanta Braves' record for most Opening Day starts, with eight. He has a record in Opening Day starts for the Braves of no wins and six losses with two no decisions. Greg Maddux had seven Opening Day starts for the team and Rick Mahler had five. Tom Glavine and John Smoltz have each made four Opening Day starts for the Braves. Maddux has the record for most wins in Atlanta Braves Opening Day starts, with five. Mahler has the highest winning percentage in Opening Day starts (1.000), with four wins and no losses with one no decision. All of Mahler's four victories were shutouts, including three in consecutive years (1985 to 1987) by identical scores of 6\u20130. Niekro has the record for most losses in Atlanta Braves Opening Day starts, with six. From 1972 through 1980, the Braves lost nine consecutive Opening Day games.", "In 2005, along with several Mets teammates, Glavine served as a spokesman for Volunteers of America's \"Operation Backpack\" program. The program helped equip over 7,000 homeless school children with backpacks full of necessary school supplies. An additional 3,000 back packs were sent to Houston to help Katrina victims. In 2007, Glavine supported the Rally Foundation through the Money in the Mitt 300 Challenge to support childhood cancer care by selling Vineyard Vines Rally Ties to commemorate his historic 300th win in an effort to raise $300,000. 300 signed ties were to be sold for $1,000 each. In 2008, Glavine released a charity wine called \"Cabernet Glavingnon\" to raise funds for CURE Childhood Cancer, an organization founded to help conquer childhood cancer through research, education and support of patients and their families. Since 1992, Glavine has partnered with the Georgia Transplant Foundation to host the annual \"Spring training\" event, raising more than 4.3 million dollars for transplant candidates, recipients, and their families, in the state of Georgia  In 2011, Glavine became a color commentator for Atlanta Braves baseball games. Glavine and his wife Christine have five children. One of their sons, Peyton, was selected in the 2017 MLB draft and is committed to attend Auburn University on a baseball scholarship. They live in Johns Creek, Georgia, and Glavine coaches his sons' baseball and hockey teams. Glavine is a Roman Catholic and has done a recorded piece for Catholic Athletes for Christ. Glavine is known for being humble about his accomplishments and an avid golfer, so a good friend, Jack Kennedy, gifted Glavine six dozen golf balls that display his uniform number, 47, on one side and the number of losses he had in his career on the other, 203.", "1998 Atlanta Braves season The 1998 Atlanta Braves season marked the franchise's 33rd season in Atlanta and 128th overall. They went on to win their fourth consecutive division title, taking the National League East title by 18 games over the second place New York Mets. The team featured six all stars: shortstop Walt Weiss and third baseman Chipper Jones were voted as starters, while first baseman Andr\u00e9s Galarraga, catcher Javy L\u00f3pez, and pitchers Tom Glavine and Greg Maddux were selected as reserves. Jones and Lopez each hit over 30 home runs as Galaragga (acquired from Colorado) led the club in home runs and RBI. Galaragga finished as an MVP candidate. The 1998 Braves beat the Chicago Cubs three games to none in the National League Division Series. In the next round Atlanta then lost to the San Diego Padres in the National League Championship Series four games to two. Despite winning two games after losing the first three, Atlanta's comeback bid came short by being eliminated in game 6. San Diego's winning over Atlanta was seen as one of the biggest upsets in postseason history. This team has earned a few historic accolades. ESPN writer David Schoenfield lists them as one of the top teams in MLB history to not win a World Series ESPN columnist Jeff Merron also writes that the pitching staff of Maddux, Glavine, John Smoltz, Denny Neagle, and Kevin Millwood was the greatest of all time. The quintet posted a cumulative 2.97 ERA and amassed 88 wins (almost 18 wins per starter), equaling the win total of the 2nd place Mets. The 1998 Braves are the only team in MLB history to have five pitchers each strike out 150 batters in the same season. Glavine, the lone 20 game winner in the National League for that year, won the Cy Young Award. C Eddie Perez 1B Andres Galarraga", "Sports in Georgia (U.S. state) Sports in Georgia include professional teams, Olympic Games contenders and medalists, collegiate teams in major and small-school conferences and associations, and active amateur teams and individual sports. The Atlanta Braves are a Major League Baseball (MLB) team that moved to Atlanta in 1966 from Milwaukee where they were known as the Milwaukee Braves. The Braves play their home games at SunTrust Park in suburban Cobb County, which opened in 2017 as the replacement for Turner Field, which had been the team's home since the 1997 season. Before then, they played at Atlanta\u2013Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996. They won the World Series in 1914 (as the Boston Braves), 1957 (as the Milwaukee Braves), and 1995 (as the Atlanta Braves). Braves players in the Baseball Hall of Fame include Hank Aaron, Orlando Cepeda, Tom Glavine, Greg Maddux, Eddie Mathews, Phil Niekro, Gaylord Perry, John Smoltz, Warren Spahn, Bruce Sutter and Hoyt Wilhelm. Two former Braves managers have been inducted to the Hall in that role, Bobby Cox and Joe Torre, although Torre's induction was mainly for his accomplishments with the New York Yankees. Mathews also served as a Braves manager. Braves executive John Schuerholz will enter the Hall in July 2017 for his accomplishments in that role. The AAA minor league baseball Gwinnett Stripers of the International League began play at Coolray Field in 2009. The Atlanta Crackers were the AAA affiliate of the Braves organization before the Braves moved to Atlanta. The Rome Braves, previously known as the Macon Braves, are a Class-A minor league affiliate of the Atlanta Braves. In 2003, the team moved from Macon to Rome. Their home games are played at State Mutual Stadium, which opened April 11, 2003."], "answer": {"text": "1987", "answer_start": 102}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_46a4c9062be04c7d8c32f430a8a427e6_1_q#1", "question": "Was his time with the Braves successful?", "rewrite": "Was Tom Glavine's time with the Braves successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He had another successful year in 2007 with a 14-8 record, a 3.11 ERA, and 197 strikeouts, but again that wasn't enough for the Braves as they finished 3rd in their division yet again and missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season. Tom Glavine returned to the Braves for the 2008 season, but the two of them could not get the Braves back into the playoffs as they finished fourth in their division that season. That season was the last for Tom Glavine as he underwent rehab the following season, and was released from the Braves on June 3, 2009 and he officially retired from baseball on February 11, 2010. The 2008 season was also John Smoltz's last season with the Braves as he signed with the Boston Red Sox for the 2009 season. He spent half of that season with the Red Sox, and the other half of that season with the Cardinals, after which he retired from baseball. Greg Maddux spent three more seasons with the Chicago Cubs and then he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the middle of the 2006 season. Greg Maddux then spent his final two seasons with the San Diego Padres and was traded again to the Dodgers in the middle of the 2008 season, after which he retired from baseball. The \"Big Three\" was considered by many to be the greatest pitching-trio of all-time. All three pitchers would have their numbers retired by the Braves as Greg Maddux would have his number retired on July 31, 2009, Tom Glavine would see his number retired on August 6, 2010, and John Smoltz would have his number retired on July 8, 2012.", "The \"Big There\" were able to adapt well enough to these changes to lead them to their 10th consecutive division title, and seventh consecutive NL East title. After Greg Maddux gave up three runs in six innings in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Astros, John Smoltz pitched two strong innings of relief pitching as the Braves started off the NLDS with a 7-4 win over the Astros in Game 1. Ton Glavine pitched eight scoreless innings in Game 2 and John Smoltz capped it off with a scoreless 9th inning to lead the Braves to a 1-0 win over the Astros in Game 2 to take a 2-0 series lead heading home. The Braves went on to win Game 3 6-2 to advance to the NLCS. Greg Maddux pitched seven strong innings in Game 1 of the NLCS against the Arizona Diamondbacks, only surrendering two runs, but the Braves lost the game 2-0. Tom Glavine went seven innings in Game 2 and only give up one run while John Smoltz pitched a 1-2-3 9th inning to lead the Braves to an 8-1 win in Game 2 to even the series heading home. After the Braves lost Game 3 5-1, Greg Maddux surrendered six runs in just three innings as the Braves lost 11-4 and fell one win away from elimination. Tom Glavine did not have a strong Game 5 either, as he allowed three runs in five innings as the Braves lost Game 5 3-2 and were eliminated from the postseason. In what would be their final season together, the \"Big Three\" led the Braves to a 101-59 record and their 11th consecutive division title, and their 8th consecutive NL East title.", "Tom Glavine did not pitch well in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Giants as he gave up eight runs in five innings as the Braves lost 8-5. After the Braves won Game 2 7-3, Greg Maddux went six innings while allowing two runs to lead the Braves to a 10-2 win over the Giants in Game 3 and put them one win away from a trip to the NLCS. However, Tom Glavine pitched poorly in Game 4 as he allowed seven runs in just 2.2 innings as the Braves lost 8-3. The Braves ended up losing Game 5 3-1 and were eliminated from the postseason in the NLDS. After the 2002 season, Tom Glavine signed with the New York Mets, ending the Big Three's time together in Atlanta. The duo of Greg Maddux and John Smoltz was still good enough to lead the Braves to a 101-61 record and their 12th straight division title, also their 9th consecutive NL East title. After the Braves lost Game 1 of the NLDS 4-2 to the Chicago Cubs and with the Braves leading 3-2 after the 7th inning of Game 2, John Smoltz came into Game 2 and pitch two innings of only allowing one run, including pitching a perfect 9th inning, to lead the Braves to a 5-3 win in Game 2. After allowing two runs in the first inning of Game 3, Greg Maddux pitched five scoreless innings, but that was not enough for the Braves as they fell to the Cubs 3-1 in Game 3. John Smoltz took relief duties in Game 4 and after allowing two doubles to begin the bottom of the 9th inning, he got the next three batters out to seal a 6-4 win for the Braves in Game 4 and force a Game 5 back in Atlanta.", "Big Three (Atlanta Braves) The Big Three was a trio of Major League Baseball starting pitchers for the Atlanta Braves from 1993-2002 which consisted of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz. The Big Three combined to win six National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s and helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a 1995 World Series win. Each member of the Big Three has had their jersey retired by the Atlanta Braves and has been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Tom Glavine made his Major League debut on August 17, 1987 while John Smoltz made his Major League debut on July 23, 1988. At that time, Greg Maddux was playing with the Chicago Cubs. Both Smoltz and Glavine quickly established themselves as viable starting pitchers for the Braves by 1990. Their dominance begun in 1991 as Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 20 wins, winning his first Cy Young Award. They helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a West Division title and a trip to the World Series that season, where the Braves fell to the Minnesota Twins in 7 games. Smoltz and Glavine's success continued into 1992, with Glavine finishing second in the Cy Young voting, and Smoltz being named to the National League All-Star team. Prior to the 1993 MLB season, the Atlanta Braves signed 1992 NL Cy Young Award Winner Greg Maddux from the Chicago Cubs, marking the beginning of the Big Three era. The Big Three had a strong 1993 season as Greg Maddux posted a 20-10 record, winning his second straight NL Cy Young Award, Tom Glavine led the NL in wins for the third consecutive season as he posted a 22-6 record, and John Smoltz once again making the All Star team.", "Greg Maddux started the World Series strong as he pitched seven scoreless innings; however, he put four consecutive hitters on base to start the 8th inning and all four of them scored, which gave the Yankees a 4-1 lead and the Yankees ended up winning 4-1. After the Braves lost Game 2 7-2, Tom Glavine gave up five runs in seven innings as the Braves lost 6-5 in ten innings and faced a 3-0 hole. John Smoltz gave up three runs in seven innings in Game 4 and the Braves were swept in the World Series, losing Game 4 4-1. The 2000 season was a rough one for the Braves, as John Smoltz missed the entire season due to undergoing Tommy John surgery. However, Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine still did what they had to do to lead the Braves to their ninth consecutive division title, and sixth consecutive NL East title as Greg Maddux had a 19-9 record, a 3.00 ERA, and 190 strikeouts and Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 21 wins, a 3.40 ERA, and 152 strikeouts. The postseason did not go well for them as Greg Maddux gave up seven runs in just four innings in Game 1 and Tom Glavine gave up seven runs in just 2.1 innings in Game 2 and the Braves were swept by the Cardinals in the 2000 NLDS and missed the NLCS for the first time since 1990. The 2001 season saw some changes for the Braves as John Smoltz became the Braves closer after recovering from Tommy John Surgery and being unable to perform as a starter, filling in for the void left by John Rocker, who was traded to the Indians. This left Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine as the two left in the starting rotation in the \"Big Three\"."], "answer": {"text": "Glavine had mixed results during his first several years in the majors,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Glavine sign with the Atlanta Braves?", "answer": {"text": "1987", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46a4c9062be04c7d8c32f430a8a427e6_1_q#2", "question": "Did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Tom Glavine win any awards while playing for the Atlanta Braves?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2002 Atlanta Braves season The 2002 Atlanta Braves season marked the franchise's 37th season in Atlanta and 132nd overall. The Braves won their 8th consecutive division title, finishing 19 games ahead of the second-place Montreal Expos. The Braves lost the 2002 Divisional Series to the eventual NL Champion San Francisco Giants, 3 games to 2. 2002 marked the final year that pitchers Tom Glavine, Greg Maddux and John Smoltz played on the same team ending the reign of what has been considered by many the greatest pitching trio of all-time. All three would be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame a decade later. Smoltz set the Braves' single season record for saves (55). Chipper Jones moved to the outfield in left field to allow for Vinny Castilla to be signed and added to the lineup at third base. Julio Franco became a regular player in the second stint of his Major League career and Gary Sheffield was acquired to the Braves in 2002, playing at right field. \"Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average ; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in\"  San Francisco (eventual NL Champion) wins the series, 3-2  2002 Major League Baseball season Braves' team pitching led the league with a 3.13 ERA. John Smoltz was National League Relief Man of the Year, as he led the league with 55 saves, which was a National League record at the time (since broken by \u00c9ric Gagn\u00e9 in 2003). Greg Maddux and Andruw Jones were chosen for Gold Glove awards. 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game Representing the Braves on the 2002 National League All-Star team were pitchers Tom Glavine, Mike Remlinger and John Smoltz.", "Kevin Millwood Kevin Austin Millwood (born December 24, 1974) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves, Philadelphia Phillies, Cleveland Indians, Texas Rangers, Baltimore Orioles, Colorado Rockies and Seattle Mariners. While with the Braves, Millwood was part of a pitching rotation which featured Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine and John Smoltz. In 1999 he was selected to his only All-Star Game and helped the Braves to the 1999 World Series and two seasons later the 2001 National League Championship Series. As a member of the Indians, his 2.86 ERA lead all American League pitchers. In 2012, Millwood became the 67th pitcher to record 2,000 career strikeouts. Millwood was raised by Kathy Coplen and Bill Millwood in Bessemer City, North Carolina. He attended Bessemer City High School where he played baseball, basketball and football. As a basketball player, he scored 1,000 points for the Bessemer City Yellow Jackets. Milwood missed the beginning of every high school baseball season in order to finish the basketball season and did not expect to be drafted by a professional baseball team. Millwood was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 11th round of the 1993 MLB draft. After four years in the minors, Millwood made his debut with the Atlanta Braves on July 14, 1997. A year later, he won 17 games. Millwood formed a part of the Braves' star pitching rotation, which also consisted of Greg Maddux, John Smoltz and Tom Glavine. According to Nate Silver, the 1997 Braves starting rotation was the best in the history of baseball as of the 2010 season. The 1999 campaign was one of Millwood's best.", "Tom Glavine did not pitch well in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Giants as he gave up eight runs in five innings as the Braves lost 8-5. After the Braves won Game 2 7-3, Greg Maddux went six innings while allowing two runs to lead the Braves to a 10-2 win over the Giants in Game 3 and put them one win away from a trip to the NLCS. However, Tom Glavine pitched poorly in Game 4 as he allowed seven runs in just 2.2 innings as the Braves lost 8-3. The Braves ended up losing Game 5 3-1 and were eliminated from the postseason in the NLDS. After the 2002 season, Tom Glavine signed with the New York Mets, ending the Big Three's time together in Atlanta. The duo of Greg Maddux and John Smoltz was still good enough to lead the Braves to a 101-61 record and their 12th straight division title, also their 9th consecutive NL East title. After the Braves lost Game 1 of the NLDS 4-2 to the Chicago Cubs and with the Braves leading 3-2 after the 7th inning of Game 2, John Smoltz came into Game 2 and pitch two innings of only allowing one run, including pitching a perfect 9th inning, to lead the Braves to a 5-3 win in Game 2. After allowing two runs in the first inning of Game 3, Greg Maddux pitched five scoreless innings, but that was not enough for the Braves as they fell to the Cubs 3-1 in Game 3. John Smoltz took relief duties in Game 4 and after allowing two doubles to begin the bottom of the 9th inning, he got the next three batters out to seal a 6-4 win for the Braves in Game 4 and force a Game 5 back in Atlanta.", "Big Three (Atlanta Braves) The Big Three was a trio of Major League Baseball starting pitchers for the Atlanta Braves from 1993-2002 which consisted of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz. The Big Three combined to win six National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s and helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a 1995 World Series win. Each member of the Big Three has had their jersey retired by the Atlanta Braves and has been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Tom Glavine made his Major League debut on August 17, 1987 while John Smoltz made his Major League debut on July 23, 1988. At that time, Greg Maddux was playing with the Chicago Cubs. Both Smoltz and Glavine quickly established themselves as viable starting pitchers for the Braves by 1990. Their dominance begun in 1991 as Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 20 wins, winning his first Cy Young Award. They helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a West Division title and a trip to the World Series that season, where the Braves fell to the Minnesota Twins in 7 games. Smoltz and Glavine's success continued into 1992, with Glavine finishing second in the Cy Young voting, and Smoltz being named to the National League All-Star team. Prior to the 1993 MLB season, the Atlanta Braves signed 1992 NL Cy Young Award Winner Greg Maddux from the Chicago Cubs, marking the beginning of the Big Three era. The Big Three had a strong 1993 season as Greg Maddux posted a 20-10 record, winning his second straight NL Cy Young Award, Tom Glavine led the NL in wins for the third consecutive season as he posted a 22-6 record, and John Smoltz once again making the All Star team.", "Greg Maddux started the World Series strong as he pitched seven scoreless innings; however, he put four consecutive hitters on base to start the 8th inning and all four of them scored, which gave the Yankees a 4-1 lead and the Yankees ended up winning 4-1. After the Braves lost Game 2 7-2, Tom Glavine gave up five runs in seven innings as the Braves lost 6-5 in ten innings and faced a 3-0 hole. John Smoltz gave up three runs in seven innings in Game 4 and the Braves were swept in the World Series, losing Game 4 4-1. The 2000 season was a rough one for the Braves, as John Smoltz missed the entire season due to undergoing Tommy John surgery. However, Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine still did what they had to do to lead the Braves to their ninth consecutive division title, and sixth consecutive NL East title as Greg Maddux had a 19-9 record, a 3.00 ERA, and 190 strikeouts and Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 21 wins, a 3.40 ERA, and 152 strikeouts. The postseason did not go well for them as Greg Maddux gave up seven runs in just four innings in Game 1 and Tom Glavine gave up seven runs in just 2.1 innings in Game 2 and the Braves were swept by the Cardinals in the 2000 NLDS and missed the NLCS for the first time since 1990. The 2001 season saw some changes for the Braves as John Smoltz became the Braves closer after recovering from Tommy John Surgery and being unable to perform as a starter, filling in for the void left by John Rocker, who was traded to the Indians. This left Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine as the two left in the starting rotation in the \"Big Three\"."], "answer": {"text": "named the Series MVP.", "answer_start": 95}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Glavine sign with the Atlanta Braves?", "answer": {"text": "1987", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his time with the Braves successful?", "answer": {"text": "Glavine had mixed results during his first several years in the majors,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46a4c9062be04c7d8c32f430a8a427e6_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Tom Glavine winning awards is there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tom Glavine did not pitch well in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Giants as he gave up eight runs in five innings as the Braves lost 8-5. After the Braves won Game 2 7-3, Greg Maddux went six innings while allowing two runs to lead the Braves to a 10-2 win over the Giants in Game 3 and put them one win away from a trip to the NLCS. However, Tom Glavine pitched poorly in Game 4 as he allowed seven runs in just 2.2 innings as the Braves lost 8-3. The Braves ended up losing Game 5 3-1 and were eliminated from the postseason in the NLDS. After the 2002 season, Tom Glavine signed with the New York Mets, ending the Big Three's time together in Atlanta. The duo of Greg Maddux and John Smoltz was still good enough to lead the Braves to a 101-61 record and their 12th straight division title, also their 9th consecutive NL East title. After the Braves lost Game 1 of the NLDS 4-2 to the Chicago Cubs and with the Braves leading 3-2 after the 7th inning of Game 2, John Smoltz came into Game 2 and pitch two innings of only allowing one run, including pitching a perfect 9th inning, to lead the Braves to a 5-3 win in Game 2. After allowing two runs in the first inning of Game 3, Greg Maddux pitched five scoreless innings, but that was not enough for the Braves as they fell to the Cubs 3-1 in Game 3. John Smoltz took relief duties in Game 4 and after allowing two doubles to begin the bottom of the 9th inning, he got the next three batters out to seal a 6-4 win for the Braves in Game 4 and force a Game 5 back in Atlanta.", "Greg Maddux started the World Series strong as he pitched seven scoreless innings; however, he put four consecutive hitters on base to start the 8th inning and all four of them scored, which gave the Yankees a 4-1 lead and the Yankees ended up winning 4-1. After the Braves lost Game 2 7-2, Tom Glavine gave up five runs in seven innings as the Braves lost 6-5 in ten innings and faced a 3-0 hole. John Smoltz gave up three runs in seven innings in Game 4 and the Braves were swept in the World Series, losing Game 4 4-1. The 2000 season was a rough one for the Braves, as John Smoltz missed the entire season due to undergoing Tommy John surgery. However, Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine still did what they had to do to lead the Braves to their ninth consecutive division title, and sixth consecutive NL East title as Greg Maddux had a 19-9 record, a 3.00 ERA, and 190 strikeouts and Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 21 wins, a 3.40 ERA, and 152 strikeouts. The postseason did not go well for them as Greg Maddux gave up seven runs in just four innings in Game 1 and Tom Glavine gave up seven runs in just 2.1 innings in Game 2 and the Braves were swept by the Cardinals in the 2000 NLDS and missed the NLCS for the first time since 1990. The 2001 season saw some changes for the Braves as John Smoltz became the Braves closer after recovering from Tommy John Surgery and being unable to perform as a starter, filling in for the void left by John Rocker, who was traded to the Indians. This left Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine as the two left in the starting rotation in the \"Big Three\".", "Mike Glavine Michael Patrick Glavine (born January 24, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball first baseman who played for the New York Mets in 2003. He is the brother of Tom Glavine. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 22nd round of the 1995 amateur draft. Glavine was called up to the Mets on September 12, 2003, joining his brother on the team. He played in six games and had one hit in seven at bats for the 2003 Mets. He and his brother Tom were the first set of brothers to play for the Mets. Glavine is a graduate of Northeastern University where he played college baseball. He joined the staff as an assistant coach in 2007 and succeeded Neil McPhee as head coach after the 2014 season. As a player, he was named to the All-Tournament Team at the 1994 NAC Tournament. Glavine became the fourth Husky to play in Major League Baseball. Glavine was elected to the Northeastern Athletics Hall of Fame in 2006. He became coach of the Northeastern Huskies baseball team at the start of the 2015 season.", "He had another successful year in 2007 with a 14-8 record, a 3.11 ERA, and 197 strikeouts, but again that wasn't enough for the Braves as they finished 3rd in their division yet again and missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season. Tom Glavine returned to the Braves for the 2008 season, but the two of them could not get the Braves back into the playoffs as they finished fourth in their division that season. That season was the last for Tom Glavine as he underwent rehab the following season, and was released from the Braves on June 3, 2009 and he officially retired from baseball on February 11, 2010. The 2008 season was also John Smoltz's last season with the Braves as he signed with the Boston Red Sox for the 2009 season. He spent half of that season with the Red Sox, and the other half of that season with the Cardinals, after which he retired from baseball. Greg Maddux spent three more seasons with the Chicago Cubs and then he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the middle of the 2006 season. Greg Maddux then spent his final two seasons with the San Diego Padres and was traded again to the Dodgers in the middle of the 2008 season, after which he retired from baseball. The \"Big Three\" was considered by many to be the greatest pitching-trio of all-time. All three pitchers would have their numbers retired by the Braves as Greg Maddux would have his number retired on July 31, 2009, Tom Glavine would see his number retired on August 6, 2010, and John Smoltz would have his number retired on July 8, 2012.", "Big Three (Atlanta Braves) The Big Three was a trio of Major League Baseball starting pitchers for the Atlanta Braves from 1993-2002 which consisted of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz. The Big Three combined to win six National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s and helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a 1995 World Series win. Each member of the Big Three has had their jersey retired by the Atlanta Braves and has been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Tom Glavine made his Major League debut on August 17, 1987 while John Smoltz made his Major League debut on July 23, 1988. At that time, Greg Maddux was playing with the Chicago Cubs. Both Smoltz and Glavine quickly established themselves as viable starting pitchers for the Braves by 1990. Their dominance begun in 1991 as Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 20 wins, winning his first Cy Young Award. They helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a West Division title and a trip to the World Series that season, where the Braves fell to the Minnesota Twins in 7 games. Smoltz and Glavine's success continued into 1992, with Glavine finishing second in the Cy Young voting, and Smoltz being named to the National League All-Star team. Prior to the 1993 MLB season, the Atlanta Braves signed 1992 NL Cy Young Award Winner Greg Maddux from the Chicago Cubs, marking the beginning of the Big Three era. The Big Three had a strong 1993 season as Greg Maddux posted a 20-10 record, winning his second straight NL Cy Young Award, Tom Glavine led the NL in wins for the third consecutive season as he posted a 22-6 record, and John Smoltz once again making the All Star team."], "answer": {"text": "In addition to the championship won with the Braves in 1995, he also went to four other World Series with the team", "answer_start": 238}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Glavine sign with the Atlanta Braves?", "answer": {"text": "1987", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his time with the Braves successful?", "answer": {"text": "Glavine had mixed results during his first several years in the majors,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "named the Series MVP.", "answer_start": 95, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_46a4c9062be04c7d8c32f430a8a427e6_1_q#4", "question": "How many times did the team win the World Series?", "rewrite": "How many times did The Atlanta Braves win the World Series?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Lemke Mark Alan Lemke (born August 13, 1965) is a former Major League Baseball player and current broadcaster. Nicknamed \"the Lemmer\", he was a popular second baseman for the Atlanta Braves from to . He won the 1995 World Series with the Braves over the Cleveland Indians. Lemke grew up in Whitesboro, New York. He attended the now closed Sacred Heart Elementary Catholic school in West Utica. Lemke is also a graduate of Notre Dame High School in Utica. Lemke was drafted in the 27th round of the amateur draft by the Atlanta Braves. Lemke decided against attending Purdue University and spent the next four years in the Braves' minor league system, spending time with these teams: Gulf Coast League Braves, Anderson Braves, Sumter Braves, Durham Bulls, Greenville Braves, and Richmond Braves. He made his major league debut on September 17, 1988 when the Braves called him up from AAA when the roster expanded to 40 players. In 1988, Lemke won the Hank Aaron Award as the top offensive player in the Braves' minor league system. Lemke split time between the minor and major leagues until . In his 11-year career, Lemke played in 62 postseason games and appeared in four World Series (1991, 1992, 1995, 1996). He won a World Series with the Braves in 1995, and he led all Braves players with a .417 batting average in the 1991 World Series. He also was the last out in the 1996 World Series, when the New York Yankees won their first World Series in 18 years. Lemke is also known to many fans as one of the best utility infielders to ever wear Rec-Specs in Major League Baseball History. Lemke is the all-time record holder for most career plate appearances without being hit by a pitch (3,664).", "Rafael Belliard Rafael Leonidas Belliard Matias (born October 24, 1961 in Pueblo Nuevo, Dominican Republic) is a retired Major League Baseball shortstop who played in the Major Leagues from 1982 to 1998 with the Pittsburgh Pirates and Atlanta Braves. He was a member of Atlanta's 1995 World Series winning team against the Cleveland Indians. He served as the infield and first base coach for the Detroit Tigers from 2006\u20132013. Belliard won a silver medal with the Dominican Republic at the 1979 Pan American Games, signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates as an amateur free agent in 1980 and made his Major League debut as a pinch runner against the New York Mets on September 6, 1982. It was not until 1986 that Belliard became a regular in the Pirates' lineup, batting .233 in 117 games. He remained a versatile yet seldom used player until 1990, when he left Pittsburgh and signed a free agent contract with the Atlanta Braves. Belliard arrived in Atlanta just as the team was emerging as a National League powerhouse. The team made World Series appearances in 1991 and 1992 before finally winning the championship in 1995. Though he had appeared in only 75 games that season, Belliard played shortstop in all six of Atlanta's World Series games. Belliard made his final Major League appearance on April 9, 1998, in a 4\u20133 Braves win over the Pittsburgh Pirates. He concluded his playing career with the Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs of the independent Northern League in 1999. He was named the infield coach for the Detroit Tigers on October 11, 2005. Prior to that, he served five seasons in the Atlanta Braves minor league system as a roving fielding instructor. Belliard, his wife Leonora, and son Kevin reside in Boca Raton, Florida. His cousin, Ronnie Belliard, was also a Major League player.", "Irv Young (1906\u20131908), Bob Smith (1927\u20131929) and Ed Brandt (1932, 1934, 1935) each had three such starts. Other pitchers with multiple Opening Day starts for the Boston and Milwaukee Braves were Charles Radbourn, Jack Stivetts, Hub Perdue, Joe Oeschger, Joe Genewich, Danny MacFayden and Lew Burdette. Prior to moving to Atlanta, the Braves played in the World Series four times. The played in the World Series as the Boston Braves in 1914 and 1948, and as the Milwaukee Braves in 1957 and 1959. They won the World Series in 1914 and 1957. Their Opening Day starting pitchers in World Series years were Lefty Tyler in 1914, Sain in 1948, and Spahn in 1957 and 1958. They lost their Opening Day game in 1914, 1948 and 1958, and won in 1957. In addition, the franchise won the National League championship eight times during the 19th century, prior to the existence of the modern World Series. Nichols was the team's Opening Day starting pitcher in three of those season, Clarkson and Bond in two of those seasons each, and Whitney was the Opening Day starting pitcher in one such season. Jesse Barnes made an Opening Day start for the Braves against the New York Giants in 1925, after having made an Opening Day start for the Giants against the Braves in 1920. Spahn is the only pitcher to make an Opening Day start for both the Boston Braves and the Milwaukee Braves. Tony Cloninger, who made the last Opening Day start for the Milwaukee Braves in 1965 and the first for the Atlanta Braves in 1966, is the only pitcher to make an Opening Day start for both the Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves.", "Big Three (Atlanta Braves) The Big Three was a trio of Major League Baseball starting pitchers for the Atlanta Braves from 1993-2002 which consisted of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz. The Big Three combined to win six National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s and helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a 1995 World Series win. Each member of the Big Three has had their jersey retired by the Atlanta Braves and has been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Tom Glavine made his Major League debut on August 17, 1987 while John Smoltz made his Major League debut on July 23, 1988. At that time, Greg Maddux was playing with the Chicago Cubs. Both Smoltz and Glavine quickly established themselves as viable starting pitchers for the Braves by 1990. Their dominance begun in 1991 as Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 20 wins, winning his first Cy Young Award. They helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a West Division title and a trip to the World Series that season, where the Braves fell to the Minnesota Twins in 7 games. Smoltz and Glavine's success continued into 1992, with Glavine finishing second in the Cy Young voting, and Smoltz being named to the National League All-Star team. Prior to the 1993 MLB season, the Atlanta Braves signed 1992 NL Cy Young Award Winner Greg Maddux from the Chicago Cubs, marking the beginning of the Big Three era. The Big Three had a strong 1993 season as Greg Maddux posted a 20-10 record, winning his second straight NL Cy Young Award, Tom Glavine led the NL in wins for the third consecutive season as he posted a 22-6 record, and John Smoltz once again making the All Star team.", "The \"Big Three\" helped the Atlanta Braves win the NL West for the third consecutive season, despite trailing the San Francisco Giants for most of the season. The Braves eventually fell to the Phillies in the 1993 NLCS. Greg Maddux won his third consecutive NL Cy Young Award in the strike-shortened 1994 season as he posted a 16-6 record, had a NL-leading ERA of 1.56, and struck out 156 batters. The 1995 season saw strong performances from the Big Three, as Greg Maddux won his fourth consecutive NL Cy Young Award with a league-leading 19-2 record and 1.63 ERA. In 1995 the Big Three won its first (and only) World Series over the Cleveland Indians, with Tom Glavine receiving the World Series MVP for his efforts. The Big Three had another strong season in 1996, with John Smoltz leading the league in wins and strikeouts on his way to winning the NL Cy Young Award. The Braves once again won the National League pennant, but in the world series fell to the New York Yankees in six games. Over the next two years the Big Three continued to perform well, with Greg Maddux finishing second in Cy Young voting in 1997 and Tom Glavine capturing his second Cy Young Award in 1998. Unfortunately the Braves failed to reach the World Series in both years. Although their stats didn't look so bright the following year, the \"Big Three\" still led the Braves to a league-best 103-59 record. Greg Maddux pitched seven strong innings in Game 1, only surrendering two runs, but reliever Mike Remlinger surrendered four runs in the ninth inning and the Braves lost to the Astros 6-1. The Braves won Game 2 5-1 to even the series at 1-1 heading to Houston for Games 3 and 4."], "answer": {"text": "6 games in the 1995 World Series,", "answer_start": 45}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Glavine sign with the Atlanta Braves?", "answer": {"text": "1987", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his time with the Braves successful?", "answer": {"text": "Glavine had mixed results during his first several years in the majors,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "named the Series MVP.", "answer_start": 95, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the championship won with the Braves in 1995, he also went to four other World Series with the team", "answer_start": 238, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_46a4c9062be04c7d8c32f430a8a427e6_1_q#5", "question": "What happened in 2002?", "rewrite": "In regards to Tom Glavine and the Braves what happened in 2002?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He had another successful year in 2007 with a 14-8 record, a 3.11 ERA, and 197 strikeouts, but again that wasn't enough for the Braves as they finished 3rd in their division yet again and missed the playoffs for the second consecutive season. Tom Glavine returned to the Braves for the 2008 season, but the two of them could not get the Braves back into the playoffs as they finished fourth in their division that season. That season was the last for Tom Glavine as he underwent rehab the following season, and was released from the Braves on June 3, 2009 and he officially retired from baseball on February 11, 2010. The 2008 season was also John Smoltz's last season with the Braves as he signed with the Boston Red Sox for the 2009 season. He spent half of that season with the Red Sox, and the other half of that season with the Cardinals, after which he retired from baseball. Greg Maddux spent three more seasons with the Chicago Cubs and then he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers in the middle of the 2006 season. Greg Maddux then spent his final two seasons with the San Diego Padres and was traded again to the Dodgers in the middle of the 2008 season, after which he retired from baseball. The \"Big Three\" was considered by many to be the greatest pitching-trio of all-time. All three pitchers would have their numbers retired by the Braves as Greg Maddux would have his number retired on July 31, 2009, Tom Glavine would see his number retired on August 6, 2010, and John Smoltz would have his number retired on July 8, 2012.", "Big Three (Atlanta Braves) The Big Three was a trio of Major League Baseball starting pitchers for the Atlanta Braves from 1993-2002 which consisted of Greg Maddux, Tom Glavine, and John Smoltz. The Big Three combined to win six National League Cy Young Awards in the 1990s and helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a 1995 World Series win. Each member of the Big Three has had their jersey retired by the Atlanta Braves and has been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Tom Glavine made his Major League debut on August 17, 1987 while John Smoltz made his Major League debut on July 23, 1988. At that time, Greg Maddux was playing with the Chicago Cubs. Both Smoltz and Glavine quickly established themselves as viable starting pitchers for the Braves by 1990. Their dominance begun in 1991 as Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 20 wins, winning his first Cy Young Award. They helped lead the Atlanta Braves to a West Division title and a trip to the World Series that season, where the Braves fell to the Minnesota Twins in 7 games. Smoltz and Glavine's success continued into 1992, with Glavine finishing second in the Cy Young voting, and Smoltz being named to the National League All-Star team. Prior to the 1993 MLB season, the Atlanta Braves signed 1992 NL Cy Young Award Winner Greg Maddux from the Chicago Cubs, marking the beginning of the Big Three era. The Big Three had a strong 1993 season as Greg Maddux posted a 20-10 record, winning his second straight NL Cy Young Award, Tom Glavine led the NL in wins for the third consecutive season as he posted a 22-6 record, and John Smoltz once again making the All Star team.", "Greg Maddux started the World Series strong as he pitched seven scoreless innings; however, he put four consecutive hitters on base to start the 8th inning and all four of them scored, which gave the Yankees a 4-1 lead and the Yankees ended up winning 4-1. After the Braves lost Game 2 7-2, Tom Glavine gave up five runs in seven innings as the Braves lost 6-5 in ten innings and faced a 3-0 hole. John Smoltz gave up three runs in seven innings in Game 4 and the Braves were swept in the World Series, losing Game 4 4-1. The 2000 season was a rough one for the Braves, as John Smoltz missed the entire season due to undergoing Tommy John surgery. However, Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine still did what they had to do to lead the Braves to their ninth consecutive division title, and sixth consecutive NL East title as Greg Maddux had a 19-9 record, a 3.00 ERA, and 190 strikeouts and Tom Glavine had a NL-leading 21 wins, a 3.40 ERA, and 152 strikeouts. The postseason did not go well for them as Greg Maddux gave up seven runs in just four innings in Game 1 and Tom Glavine gave up seven runs in just 2.1 innings in Game 2 and the Braves were swept by the Cardinals in the 2000 NLDS and missed the NLCS for the first time since 1990. The 2001 season saw some changes for the Braves as John Smoltz became the Braves closer after recovering from Tommy John Surgery and being unable to perform as a starter, filling in for the void left by John Rocker, who was traded to the Indians. This left Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine as the two left in the starting rotation in the \"Big Three\".", "The \"Big There\" were able to adapt well enough to these changes to lead them to their 10th consecutive division title, and seventh consecutive NL East title. After Greg Maddux gave up three runs in six innings in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Astros, John Smoltz pitched two strong innings of relief pitching as the Braves started off the NLDS with a 7-4 win over the Astros in Game 1. Ton Glavine pitched eight scoreless innings in Game 2 and John Smoltz capped it off with a scoreless 9th inning to lead the Braves to a 1-0 win over the Astros in Game 2 to take a 2-0 series lead heading home. The Braves went on to win Game 3 6-2 to advance to the NLCS. Greg Maddux pitched seven strong innings in Game 1 of the NLCS against the Arizona Diamondbacks, only surrendering two runs, but the Braves lost the game 2-0. Tom Glavine went seven innings in Game 2 and only give up one run while John Smoltz pitched a 1-2-3 9th inning to lead the Braves to an 8-1 win in Game 2 to even the series heading home. After the Braves lost Game 3 5-1, Greg Maddux surrendered six runs in just three innings as the Braves lost 11-4 and fell one win away from elimination. Tom Glavine did not have a strong Game 5 either, as he allowed three runs in five innings as the Braves lost Game 5 3-2 and were eliminated from the postseason. In what would be their final season together, the \"Big Three\" led the Braves to a 101-59 record and their 11th consecutive division title, and their 8th consecutive NL East title.", "Tom Glavine did not pitch well in Game 1 of the NLDS against the Giants as he gave up eight runs in five innings as the Braves lost 8-5. After the Braves won Game 2 7-3, Greg Maddux went six innings while allowing two runs to lead the Braves to a 10-2 win over the Giants in Game 3 and put them one win away from a trip to the NLCS. However, Tom Glavine pitched poorly in Game 4 as he allowed seven runs in just 2.2 innings as the Braves lost 8-3. The Braves ended up losing Game 5 3-1 and were eliminated from the postseason in the NLDS. After the 2002 season, Tom Glavine signed with the New York Mets, ending the Big Three's time together in Atlanta. The duo of Greg Maddux and John Smoltz was still good enough to lead the Braves to a 101-61 record and their 12th straight division title, also their 9th consecutive NL East title. After the Braves lost Game 1 of the NLDS 4-2 to the Chicago Cubs and with the Braves leading 3-2 after the 7th inning of Game 2, John Smoltz came into Game 2 and pitch two innings of only allowing one run, including pitching a perfect 9th inning, to lead the Braves to a 5-3 win in Game 2. After allowing two runs in the first inning of Game 3, Greg Maddux pitched five scoreless innings, but that was not enough for the Braves as they fell to the Cubs 3-1 in Game 3. John Smoltz took relief duties in Game 4 and after allowing two doubles to begin the bottom of the 9th inning, he got the next three batters out to seal a 6-4 win for the Braves in Game 4 and force a Game 5 back in Atlanta."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Glavine sign with the Atlanta Braves?", "answer": {"text": "1987", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his time with the Braves successful?", "answer": {"text": "Glavine had mixed results during his first several years in the majors,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "named the Series MVP.", "answer_start": 95, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In addition to the championship won with the Braves in 1995, he also went to four other World Series with the team", "answer_start": 238, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many times did the team win the World Series?", "answer": {"text": "6 games in the 1995 World Series,", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_574436888ae94ba1bc0a54d63cb99442_0_q#0", "question": "What legal issues did Willie Nelson face?", "rewrite": "What legal issues did Willie Nelson face?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Willie's Place Willie's Place was a truck stop and biodiesel processing plant located in Carl's Corner, Texas that was opened in 2005 and named after Willie Nelson. The facility was originally built circa 1980 by Carl Cornelius and named Carl's Corner. Willie's Place was closed for a time and then reopened in 2008 after a significant expansion. Willie's Place had a gas station that was the first to sell Willie Nelson Biodiesel brand biodiesel, a restaurant that specialized in Southern cuisine, a convenience store and a 750-seat concert theater for performances. The theater had a bar and a dance floor, and various touring country western bands would perform there. Willie Nelson also occasionally visited the site, and occasionally performed. The establishment also had a \"display of rare country music memorabilia\", along with Willie Nelson memorabilia. Willie's Place had about 80 employees. The processing plant at Willie's Place processed over two million gallons of biodiesel annually. Willie's Place closed in 2011 after a loan default occurred, which led to foreclosure and bankruptcy. It was later converted into a Petro truck stop.", "Night Life (Willie Nelson song) \"Night Life\" is a song written by country music singer-songwriter Willie Nelson. Nelson was inspired to write the song during one of his trips from his home in Pasadena, Texas, to his work, singing at the Esquire Ballroom in Houston. Due to financial issues, Nelson sold the song to guitar instructor Paul Buskirk for $150. The recording of the song was rejected by Pappy Daily, owner of Nelson's label, D Records. Daily believed that the song was not country. Encouraged by the amount of money he received for the song, Nelson decided to master it at another studio. To avoid legal actions, it was recorded as \"Nite Life\" under the artist name of \"Paul Buskirk and the Little Men featuring Hugh Nelson. \" In 1963 Bellaire Records reissued the single under the original title of \"Night Life,\" recrediting it to \"Willie Nelson.\" After his son Billy was born in 1958, struggling with financial issues, Nelson moved to Houston. On the way, Nelson stopped by the Esquire Ballroom to sell songs to house band singer Larry Butler. Butler refused to purchase Nelson's songs, giving him instead a $50 loan to rent an apartment and a six-night job singing in the club. Nelson rented an apartment near Houston in Pasadena, Texas, where he also worked at a local radio station as a DJ. During this time, Nelson recorded for Pappy Daily of D Records. While working at the club, Nelson used the time during the thirty-mile commute from his home to the club to write songs. One night he was inspired after thinking of the line \"When the evening sun goes down, you will find me hanging 'round. \" Nelson's inspiration was completed on his way back, with the line", "Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic is an annual concert hosted by country music singer Willie Nelson. Nelson was inspired to create the annual concert after his participation in the 1972 \"Dripping Springs Reunion\", that was hosted at Hurlbut Ranch in Dripping Springs, Texas. As part of the lineup, Nelson performed on the third day. The event failed to meet the expected attendance due to the concert being poorly promoted. Interested in the concept, Nelson decided to host the first annual Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic in the same place, as it was already prepared to host a concert. The success of the event led to other concerts. During the late 1970s, the bad reputation of the concert for recurrent problems with safety of the audience made it difficult to find venues. During the 1980s the security improved, and the event recovered the trust of the potential venues. Willie Nelson was inspired to start a yearly festival by the 1972 \"Dripping Springs Reunion\", where he was a part of the lineup. In 1971, four music promoters from Dallas, Texas, decided to create a massive music festival for country music audiences. Edward Allen, Michael McFarland, Don Snyder and Peter Smith, chose the Hurlbut Ranch, owned by James Hurlbut in Dripping Springs, Texas to be the place for the festival. After working on the grounds for months to prepare the site, the festival was set to last three days, between March 17-19, 1972. The lineup included Earl Scruggs, Hank Snow, Sonny James, Tom T. Hall, Tex Ritter, Roy Acuff, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings and Kris Kristofferson. Due to the lack of funds, the event was poorly promoted. The expected total attendance was 180,000 to 225,000 for the three days, but it failed to reach 40,000.", "Paula Nelson Paula Carlene Nelson (born October 27, 1969, in Houston, Texas) is an American country music singer and disc jockey. She is the daughter of country music singer and musician Willie Nelson. Nelson was born out of wedlock to Willie Nelson and Connie Koepke, while Willie Nelson was married to Shirley Collie Nelson. When Shirley found out about the birth, she divorced him. Willie Nelson then married Koepke. Nelson and Koepke had another daughter, Amy Lee Nelson, before divorcing in 1988. As a child, Paula often went on tour with her father. Country singers such as Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colter were frequently around. When Paula was a child, the family moved to Colorado; they lived in Conifer, Colorado and Upper Bear Creek, near Evergreen, Colorado. At age 16, the family moved to Austin, Texas, and Paula attended Westlake High School. She began to do drugs, including cocaine, then attended a drug rehabilitation clinic in San Diego. She has released the following albums: She sang a duet with Willie Nelson, a cover of \"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?\", on his 2013 album of duets, \"To All the Girls...\". For four years, she was a DJ at the Texas radio station KDRP-LP, or \"Sun Radio\". She hosts \"The Paula Nelson Show\" on weekdays on the Outlaw Country channel on Sirius XM Radio. Since 2016, she has also hosted a Monday-to-Thursday show on the Willie's Roadhouse channel (named after her father), also on Sirius XM. Nelson is also a car racing aficionado, and was an occasional stunt driver for the TV show \"Friday Night Lights\". In October 2016, she was awarded \"Female Artist of Year\" by the Country Music Association of Texas.", "The Party's Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs The Party's Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs is the sixth studio album by country singer Willie Nelson. By 1967, Nelson had enjoyed immense success as a songwriter, penning \u201cCrazy\u201d for Patsy Cline and \u201cPretty Paper\u201d for Roy Orbison, but had enjoyed only middling success as a recording artist himself. His most recent album, \"Make Way for Willie Nelson\", had produced the Top 20 single \u201cOne In a Row,\u201d but his sales paled in comparison to other country stars like Marty Robbins and Johnny Cash. As he later put it, \u201cFor all my songwriting success, my RCA albums languished on the shelves. I was far from what you\u2019d call a superstar. I wasn\u2019t playing concert halls or arenas. I was playing beer joints.\u201d Nelson was becoming increasingly unhappy with RCA, feeling the label did not promote his records enough and kept him around so his stable mates could pillage his poor-selling albums for material. In Nelson's first autobiography Atkins admitted, \"I was just about the worst at promotion and sales. I didn't care anything about that part of the business. What time I wasn't in the studio, I was off somewhere playing my guitar... It hurt Willie a lot to have a guy with my attitude about sales as the one who was suppose to push his product. \" Nelson\u2019s inability to create his live sound on record would remain a source of frustration for him in the years ahead. Chet Atkins, who delegated responsibilities to Felton Jarvis for Nelson\u2019s previous LP, returned as producer for \"The Party\u2019s Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs\"."], "answer": {"text": "Nelson has been arrested several times for marijuana possession.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_574436888ae94ba1bc0a54d63cb99442_0_q#1", "question": "What are details about these arrests?", "rewrite": "What are details about Willie Nelson's arrests for marijuana possession?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Based on the theory espoused by the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy that up to 60% of Mexican drug cartels\u2019 profits come from sales of marijuana, legalizing the drug in nearby California would drastically cut their funding. As a result, supporters of this argument believed that legalization would lead to a decrease in drug-related violent crime in Mexico. Also cited were expected financial benefits of passing the measure. Economists lauded an analysis by Jeffrey Miron predicting $7.7 billion in projected savings on law enforcement expenses related to marijuana offenses, as well as expected revenues of up to $6.2 billion annually in taxes. These revenues were calculated based on marijuana sales taxes structured similarly to alcohol and cigarettes. In 2008, California police made 78,500 arrests related to marijuana. Some civil rights groups lauded Proposition 19 as a way to reduce the disproportionate number of arrests of African-Americans and Latinos in California, many of which were related to marijuana possession. A study released by the New York-based Drug Policy Alliance found that despite having lower marijuana consumption rates than young whites, young Latinos and African Americans were arrested for marijuana possession at much higher rates than whites in the 25 largest California counties. Supporters also argued that passing the measure would result in additional benefits including tourism and spinoff industries such as cafes and paraphernalia. Based on California\u2019s wine industry, proponents of this theory anticipated that legalizing marijuana in the state could generate up to $18 billion, including the creation of 60,000-110,000 jobs. Some argued that legalization of marijuana could reduce drug-related violence, based on a study conducted by the International Centre for Science in Drug Policy. This study found that drug law enforcement contributes to increased levels of drug-related violence and suggests that \"alternative models for drug control\" may be necessary.", "Willie: An Autobiography  Willie: An Autobiography is an autobiographic book, written by American country music singer-songwriter Willie Nelson with the assistance of writer Bud Shrake. Published by Simon & Schuster in 1988, the book received favorable reviews. The book details American singer-songwriter Willie Nelson's life, starting with his upbringing in Abbott, Texas, followed by his start as a musician and his progression on the business from a becoming a famed songwriter to his transition to stardom. Initially titled \"I Didn't Come Here and I Ain't Leaving: The Autobiography of Willie Nelson\", the book was co-written with author Bud Shrake and it was published by Simon & Schuster in 1988. During the time of its release, on an interview with \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" Nelson admitted that he regretted the inclusion of the anecdote of smoking marijuana on the rooftop of the White House with a member of the Carter administration that he refused to name. He expressed that he did not regret the action, but that he did not want to include it in the autobiography. Nelson declared \"it was a dumb thing to do, first of all, and a dumber thing to let get into the book. It wasn't something I was proud of.\" \"Los Angeles Times\" delivered a good review, calling it a \"testament\" to \"(Nelson's) candor\". The \"Chicago Tribune\" felt that the detailed accounts by Nelson, and his interviewed entourage created an autobiography that \"truly illuminates its author\". \" The New York Times\" concluded that Nelson \"knows how to tell a good story [...] and to his credit he does not hesitate to tell a few that place him in a less than favorable light.", "Cannabis in Maryland In the U.S. state of Maryland, the recreational use of marijuana (cannabis) is illegal. However, since 2014, the possession of 10 grams or less of marijuana has been decriminalized. In 2012, a state law was enacted to establish a state-regulated medical marijuana program. The program became operational on December 1, 2017. In 2010, Maryland had the fifth-highest overall arrest rate for marijuana possession in the United States, with 409 arrests per 100,000 residents. (The national rate was 256 per 100,000 people). In that year, marijuana arrests made up 49.9% of all drug possession arrests in the state. In Maryland, blacks were 2.9 times more likely than whites to be arrested for marijuana possession. In April 2014, Governor Martin O'Malley signed a law that decriminalizes the possession of 10 grams or less of marijuana. The measure made such possession a civil infraction, similar to a traffic ticket. The measure took effect on October 1, 2014. Under the law, people over age 21 \"who are accused of having less than 10 grams will have to pay a fine and attend a drug education program.\" In 2016, the Maryland General Assembly, controlled by Democrats, passed SB 517, which decriminalized the possession of marijuana paraphernalia (such as rolling papers, pipes and bongs) and decriminalized the smoking of marijuana in public. The measure makes both civil offenses punishable by a fine of up to $500. Republican Governor Larry Hogan vetoed the bill, but the Assembly overrode the veto. In the 2010s, there were several efforts to legalize the recreational use of marijuana, but none has been successful.", "Willie's Reserve Willie's Reserve is a company started by singer-songwriter Willie Nelson in 2015. Nelson, a longtime supporter of marijuana legalization announced the launch of chain stores of the brand after marijuana was legalized in different states. The first stores were planned to be opened in the states where cannabis was legalized in 2016, with an expansion planned as other states follow. After marijuana was legalized in different parts of the United States, longtime activist Willie Nelson announced in 2015 through spokesman Michael Bowman the establishment of his own marijuana brand, Willie's Reserve. Plans to open chain stores in the states where marijuana was legalized were announced, to be expanded state-to-state if marijuana legalization is further expanded. Bowman called the brand \"a culmination of (Nelson's) vision, and his whole life\". Bowman compared the concept of Willie's Reserve to Whole Foods Market, with the stores planned to carry their own brand of marijuana, while also featuring products by local growers. During an interview with \"Rolling Stone\" Nelson explained that the stores would feature a \"menu\" explaining the effects produced by each type of product sold in the store, while he emphasized that the chain would closely cooperate with other growers. The opening of the chain was announced for 2016 with locations starting in Alaska, Colorado and Washington, with an expansion planned as marijuana becomes legal in other states. In August 2019, Willie\u2019s Reserve partnered with Nathaniel Rateliff & The Night Sweats to produce a limited line of cannabis cartridges titled \u201cNightstache Collection\u201d.", "Cannabis in New Jersey  Cannabis in New Jersey is currently illegal for adult-use, but permitted for medical use. Efforts at legalization during the 2018-2019 legislative session were unsuccessful. Nonetheless, as of August 2019, New Jersey lawmakers have once again confirmed that legislation progress is \u201calive and well,\u201d most prominently that Governor Phil Murphy \u201cis all for\u201d before the end of 2019. In 2013, New Jersey police made 24,765 arrests for possession of small amounts of marijuana, the highest in two decades. The number of 2013 arrests was double that of 1993, when the state's population was smaller. The spike in arrest rates was at odds with the national trend, beginning in 2007, that saw a decline in arrests for marijuana possession. New Jersey arrested 34,500 people on cannabis offenses in 2017, more than any other state in the nation. The maximum penalty for simple possession of 50 grams or less of marijuana is six months in jail and a fine. Few first-time offenders serve jail time. New Jersey United for Marijuana Reform is an advocacy coalition of \"religious, civil rights, law enforcement and medical leaders\" who support legalization of marijuana in the state. A report by New Jersey United for Marijuana Reform and New Jersey Policy Perspective, issued in 2016, concluded that if New Jersey legalized marijuana, it could generate about $300 million a year in sales tax revenue for the state. (The report assumed a sales tax of 25% and annual in-state marijuana sales of $1.2 billion.) Perennial candidate Ed Forchion \u2014known as \"NJ Weedman\"\u2014has been described by NJ.com as \"one of New Jersey's best known marijuana legalization advocates.\" Since the 1990s, Forchion has agitated for marijuana-law reform in the state."], "answer": {"text": "The first occasion was in 1974 in Dallas, Texas.", "answer_start": 65}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What legal issues did Willie Nelson face?", "answer": {"text": "Nelson has been arrested several times for marijuana possession.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_574436888ae94ba1bc0a54d63cb99442_0_q#2", "question": "When did other arrests happen?", "rewrite": "Other than the 1974 arrest in Dallas, When did Willie Nelson's other arrests happen?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paula Nelson Paula Carlene Nelson (born October 27, 1969, in Houston, Texas) is an American country music singer and disc jockey. She is the daughter of country music singer and musician Willie Nelson. Nelson was born out of wedlock to Willie Nelson and Connie Koepke, while Willie Nelson was married to Shirley Collie Nelson. When Shirley found out about the birth, she divorced him. Willie Nelson then married Koepke. Nelson and Koepke had another daughter, Amy Lee Nelson, before divorcing in 1988. As a child, Paula often went on tour with her father. Country singers such as Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colter were frequently around. When Paula was a child, the family moved to Colorado; they lived in Conifer, Colorado and Upper Bear Creek, near Evergreen, Colorado. At age 16, the family moved to Austin, Texas, and Paula attended Westlake High School. She began to do drugs, including cocaine, then attended a drug rehabilitation clinic in San Diego. She has released the following albums: She sang a duet with Willie Nelson, a cover of \"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?\", on his 2013 album of duets, \"To All the Girls...\". For four years, she was a DJ at the Texas radio station KDRP-LP, or \"Sun Radio\". She hosts \"The Paula Nelson Show\" on weekdays on the Outlaw Country channel on Sirius XM Radio. Since 2016, she has also hosted a Monday-to-Thursday show on the Willie's Roadhouse channel (named after her father), also on Sirius XM. Nelson is also a car racing aficionado, and was an occasional stunt driver for the TV show \"Friday Night Lights\". In October 2016, she was awarded \"Female Artist of Year\" by the Country Music Association of Texas.", "The Party's Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs The Party's Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs is the sixth studio album by country singer Willie Nelson. By 1967, Nelson had enjoyed immense success as a songwriter, penning \u201cCrazy\u201d for Patsy Cline and \u201cPretty Paper\u201d for Roy Orbison, but had enjoyed only middling success as a recording artist himself. His most recent album, \"Make Way for Willie Nelson\", had produced the Top 20 single \u201cOne In a Row,\u201d but his sales paled in comparison to other country stars like Marty Robbins and Johnny Cash. As he later put it, \u201cFor all my songwriting success, my RCA albums languished on the shelves. I was far from what you\u2019d call a superstar. I wasn\u2019t playing concert halls or arenas. I was playing beer joints.\u201d Nelson was becoming increasingly unhappy with RCA, feeling the label did not promote his records enough and kept him around so his stable mates could pillage his poor-selling albums for material. In Nelson's first autobiography Atkins admitted, \"I was just about the worst at promotion and sales. I didn't care anything about that part of the business. What time I wasn't in the studio, I was off somewhere playing my guitar... It hurt Willie a lot to have a guy with my attitude about sales as the one who was suppose to push his product. \" Nelson\u2019s inability to create his live sound on record would remain a source of frustration for him in the years ahead. Chet Atkins, who delegated responsibilities to Felton Jarvis for Nelson\u2019s previous LP, returned as producer for \"The Party\u2019s Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs\".", "After their first outing with the Suicide Squad, Waller decided to keep Punch and Jewelee active with the group to observe their actions. The team was then thrust into the governmental upheaval called the Janus Directive, where Punch and Jewelee tried to pilfer property while working as Squad agents. To mission leader Bronze Tiger, it became obvious that while Punch and Jewelee had their skills and good points, they were a liability to the team. The two are some of the many agents/heroes sent into battle against Kobra, whose forces were threatening to kill uncounted millions of innocent citizens. They are seen working together to 'pop' random enemy soldiers. Jewelee soon learned she was pregnant, although for a brief time she was unsure who the child's father was since she did a great deal of flirting with Suicide Squad operative Captain Boomerang. Impending parenthood led Jewelee and Punch to agree that it was time to leave the Squad and settle down in suburbia, to live the Great American Dream as depicted in television sitcoms from the 1950s. Punch and Jewelee were seen in Washington, D.C., where they turned up at a scientific demonstration with their baby (sex and name unknown) and swore to the public that they had reformed, yet they tried to steal an experimental force-field vest to protect their offspring. The vest failed and Punch was injured in an ensuing accident, driving the family back to their suburban home. Punch, Jewelee, and child are now residing somewhere in Middle America. They were part of the \"Night of 1,000 Thieves\" in which a thousand villains attacked Metropolis on Christmas Eve. When Superman stopped them, they complained that without the jewels they had stolen their child would have to go to \"public kindergarten\".", "Punch and Jewelee  Punch and Jewelee are supervillains in the DC Universe. They originally battled Captain Atom and Nightshade and later joined the Suicide Squad. Punch and Jewelee first appeared in \"Captain Atom\" #85 and were created by Steve Ditko. Their first post-Crisis appearance in the DC universe was in \"Secret Origins\" #28. The couple that is known as Punch and Jewelee are considered two of the silliest criminals active today by most superheroes. Most people consider them clowns and do not take them seriously, but discounting them is a mistake, since they are completely amoral individuals who act as much on whim as on any other motivation. This makes them quite unpredictable and dangerous. The couple grew up together in Brooklyn and went into business as puppeteers at Coney Island, moonlighting as thieves. One day, they found a small box containing alien weaponry left behind by careless extraterrestrials. They quickly learned how to use the weapons. Since they had always been puppeteers, they decided to adapt the characters of Punch and Judy to themselves. Calling themselves Punch and Jewelee, they began a brief criminal career along the East Coast. In the original stories prior to the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\", the duo battled Nightshade and Captain Atom. Following the Crisis, it was retconned to reveal that Nightshade's partner was King Faraday, and not Captain Atom. Not long afterwards, Amanda Waller recruited Punch and Jewelee for a mission with the Suicide Squad, a team of \"expendable\" super-operatives. The demented duo went along with the Squad, but seemed more interested in entertaining each other with pure silliness than with the business at hand, and soon exhibited a disturbing propensity for violence.", "Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic is an annual concert hosted by country music singer Willie Nelson. Nelson was inspired to create the annual concert after his participation in the 1972 \"Dripping Springs Reunion\", that was hosted at Hurlbut Ranch in Dripping Springs, Texas. As part of the lineup, Nelson performed on the third day. The event failed to meet the expected attendance due to the concert being poorly promoted. Interested in the concept, Nelson decided to host the first annual Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic in the same place, as it was already prepared to host a concert. The success of the event led to other concerts. During the late 1970s, the bad reputation of the concert for recurrent problems with safety of the audience made it difficult to find venues. During the 1980s the security improved, and the event recovered the trust of the potential venues. Willie Nelson was inspired to start a yearly festival by the 1972 \"Dripping Springs Reunion\", where he was a part of the lineup. In 1971, four music promoters from Dallas, Texas, decided to create a massive music festival for country music audiences. Edward Allen, Michael McFarland, Don Snyder and Peter Smith, chose the Hurlbut Ranch, owned by James Hurlbut in Dripping Springs, Texas to be the place for the festival. After working on the grounds for months to prepare the site, the festival was set to last three days, between March 17-19, 1972. The lineup included Earl Scruggs, Hank Snow, Sonny James, Tom T. Hall, Tex Ritter, Roy Acuff, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings and Kris Kristofferson. Due to the lack of funds, the event was poorly promoted. The expected total attendance was 180,000 to 225,000 for the three days, but it failed to reach 40,000."], "answer": {"text": "In 1977 after a tour with Hank Cochran, Nelson traveled to The Bahamas. Nelson and Cochran arrived late to the airport", "answer_start": 114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What legal issues did Willie Nelson face?", "answer": {"text": "Nelson has been arrested several times for marijuana possession.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are details about these arrests?", "answer": {"text": "The first occasion was in 1974 in Dallas, Texas.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_574436888ae94ba1bc0a54d63cb99442_0_q#3", "question": "What legal punishments did he face?", "rewrite": "What legal punishments did Willie Nelson face?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Willie's Place Willie's Place was a truck stop and biodiesel processing plant located in Carl's Corner, Texas that was opened in 2005 and named after Willie Nelson. The facility was originally built circa 1980 by Carl Cornelius and named Carl's Corner. Willie's Place was closed for a time and then reopened in 2008 after a significant expansion. Willie's Place had a gas station that was the first to sell Willie Nelson Biodiesel brand biodiesel, a restaurant that specialized in Southern cuisine, a convenience store and a 750-seat concert theater for performances. The theater had a bar and a dance floor, and various touring country western bands would perform there. Willie Nelson also occasionally visited the site, and occasionally performed. The establishment also had a \"display of rare country music memorabilia\", along with Willie Nelson memorabilia. Willie's Place had about 80 employees. The processing plant at Willie's Place processed over two million gallons of biodiesel annually. Willie's Place closed in 2011 after a loan default occurred, which led to foreclosure and bankruptcy. It was later converted into a Petro truck stop.", "Country Favorites-Willie Nelson Style Country Favorites-Willie Nelson Style is the fourth studio album by country singer Willie Nelson. He recorded it with Ernest Tubb's band, the Texas Troubadours and Western Swing fiddler-vocalist Wade Ray with studio musicians Jimmy Wilkerson and Hargus \"Pig\" Robbins. At the time of the recording, Nelson was a regular on a syndicated TV show hosted by Tubb. From 1965 to 1971, Nelson would make some 150 appearances on Ernest Tubb\u2019s syndicated television show, serving as the face of modern country in contrast to Tubb\u2019s traditional honky-tonk appeal. A lifelong fan of Tubb, Nelson later stated, \"I could compare Ernest Tubb to Frank Sinatra, in that they both had distinctive styles that you wouldn't confuse with anybody else.\" Nelson, who had already recorded one album with Chet Atkins for RCA after moving there from Liberty, later recalled, \u201c\"The Ernest Tubb Show\" was something else entirely, different from the sparkled-and spangled look of the Opry... My usual outfit was a plain turtleneck and black slacks. Nothing fancy. But it was more casual clothes that made me comfortable.\u201d It was due to his association with the show that Tubb\u2019s band the Texas Troubadours wound up backing him on his second RCA LP. Unlike his previous three albums, \"Country Favorites: Willie Nelson Style\" contains no original songs but rather cover tunes by fellow songwriters and singers such as Hank Cochran, Harlan Howard, Leon Payne, and George Jones.", "Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic is an annual concert hosted by country music singer Willie Nelson. Nelson was inspired to create the annual concert after his participation in the 1972 \"Dripping Springs Reunion\", that was hosted at Hurlbut Ranch in Dripping Springs, Texas. As part of the lineup, Nelson performed on the third day. The event failed to meet the expected attendance due to the concert being poorly promoted. Interested in the concept, Nelson decided to host the first annual Willie Nelson's Fourth of July Picnic in the same place, as it was already prepared to host a concert. The success of the event led to other concerts. During the late 1970s, the bad reputation of the concert for recurrent problems with safety of the audience made it difficult to find venues. During the 1980s the security improved, and the event recovered the trust of the potential venues. Willie Nelson was inspired to start a yearly festival by the 1972 \"Dripping Springs Reunion\", where he was a part of the lineup. In 1971, four music promoters from Dallas, Texas, decided to create a massive music festival for country music audiences. Edward Allen, Michael McFarland, Don Snyder and Peter Smith, chose the Hurlbut Ranch, owned by James Hurlbut in Dripping Springs, Texas to be the place for the festival. After working on the grounds for months to prepare the site, the festival was set to last three days, between March 17-19, 1972. The lineup included Earl Scruggs, Hank Snow, Sonny James, Tom T. Hall, Tex Ritter, Roy Acuff, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings and Kris Kristofferson. Due to the lack of funds, the event was poorly promoted. The expected total attendance was 180,000 to 225,000 for the three days, but it failed to reach 40,000.", "The Party's Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs The Party's Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs is the sixth studio album by country singer Willie Nelson. By 1967, Nelson had enjoyed immense success as a songwriter, penning \u201cCrazy\u201d for Patsy Cline and \u201cPretty Paper\u201d for Roy Orbison, but had enjoyed only middling success as a recording artist himself. His most recent album, \"Make Way for Willie Nelson\", had produced the Top 20 single \u201cOne In a Row,\u201d but his sales paled in comparison to other country stars like Marty Robbins and Johnny Cash. As he later put it, \u201cFor all my songwriting success, my RCA albums languished on the shelves. I was far from what you\u2019d call a superstar. I wasn\u2019t playing concert halls or arenas. I was playing beer joints.\u201d Nelson was becoming increasingly unhappy with RCA, feeling the label did not promote his records enough and kept him around so his stable mates could pillage his poor-selling albums for material. In Nelson's first autobiography Atkins admitted, \"I was just about the worst at promotion and sales. I didn't care anything about that part of the business. What time I wasn't in the studio, I was off somewhere playing my guitar... It hurt Willie a lot to have a guy with my attitude about sales as the one who was suppose to push his product. \" Nelson\u2019s inability to create his live sound on record would remain a source of frustration for him in the years ahead. Chet Atkins, who delegated responsibilities to Felton Jarvis for Nelson\u2019s previous LP, returned as producer for \"The Party\u2019s Over and Other Great Willie Nelson Songs\".", "Paula Nelson Paula Carlene Nelson (born October 27, 1969, in Houston, Texas) is an American country music singer and disc jockey. She is the daughter of country music singer and musician Willie Nelson. Nelson was born out of wedlock to Willie Nelson and Connie Koepke, while Willie Nelson was married to Shirley Collie Nelson. When Shirley found out about the birth, she divorced him. Willie Nelson then married Koepke. Nelson and Koepke had another daughter, Amy Lee Nelson, before divorcing in 1988. As a child, Paula often went on tour with her father. Country singers such as Waylon Jennings and Jessi Colter were frequently around. When Paula was a child, the family moved to Colorado; they lived in Conifer, Colorado and Upper Bear Creek, near Evergreen, Colorado. At age 16, the family moved to Austin, Texas, and Paula attended Westlake High School. She began to do drugs, including cocaine, then attended a drug rehabilitation clinic in San Diego. She has released the following albums: She sang a duet with Willie Nelson, a cover of \"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?\", on his 2013 album of duets, \"To All the Girls...\". For four years, she was a DJ at the Texas radio station KDRP-LP, or \"Sun Radio\". She hosts \"The Paula Nelson Show\" on weekdays on the Outlaw Country channel on Sirius XM Radio. Since 2016, she has also hosted a Monday-to-Thursday show on the Willie's Roadhouse channel (named after her father), also on Sirius XM. Nelson is also a car racing aficionado, and was an occasional stunt driver for the TV show \"Friday Night Lights\". In October 2016, she was awarded \"Female Artist of Year\" by the Country Music Association of Texas."], "answer": {"text": "who dropped the charges but ordered Nelson to never return to the country.", "answer_start": 737}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What legal issues did Willie Nelson face?", "answer": {"text": "Nelson has been arrested several times for marijuana possession.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are details about these arrests?", "answer": {"text": "The first occasion was in 1974 in Dallas, Texas.", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did other arrests happen?", "answer": {"text": "In 1977 after a tour with Hank Cochran, Nelson traveled to The Bahamas. Nelson and Cochran arrived late to the airport", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5b478059f6d44219985faa39469f901_1_q#0", "question": "What is Lady Day in regards to Audra McDonald?", "rewrite": "What is Lady Day in regards to Audra McDonald?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The cast included George Hearn (a last-minute substitute for Bryn Terfel), Patti LuPone, Neil Patrick Harris, Davis Gaines, John Aler, Paul Plishka, Heidi Grant Murphy, Stanford Olsen and Audra McDonald. This concert also played in San Francisco, from July 19, 2001 to July 21, with the San Francisco Symphony. Hearn and LuPone were joined once again by Harris, Aler, and Olsen as well as new additions Victoria Clark, Lisa Vroman and Timothy Nolen. This production was taped for PBS broadcast. The same production played at the Ravinia Festival in Chicago on August 24, 2001, with most of the cast from the preceding concerts, except for Plishka and Clark, who were replaced by Sherrill Milnes and Hollis Resnik. In 2014, Price directed a new concert production, returning to Avery Fisher Hall with the New York Philharmonic on March 5\u20138 with Bryn Terfel as Todd, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Lovett, Philip Quast as Judge Turpin, Jeff Blumenkrantz as The Beadle, Christian Borle as Pirelli, Kyle Brenn as Tobias, Jay Armstrong Johnson as Anthony, Erin Mackey as Johanna and Audra McDonald and Bryonha Marie Parham sharing the role of The Beggar Woman. McDonald was not announced as the Beggar Woman: she was a surprise, her name only being revealed at the time of the first performance. On the Saturday performances, Bryonha Marie Parham played the role of the Beggar Woman, while McDonald played it at the other performances. The concert was again filmed for broadcast on PBS as part of their Live from Lincoln Center series and was first aired on September 26, 2014. This production transferred to London Coliseum Theatre for 13 performances from March 30 through April 12, 2015.", "Private Practice (season 5) The fifth season of \"Private Practice\" premiered on September 29, 2011. It was announced on February 9, 2011 that Audra McDonald, who plays the character Naomi Bennett, will not return as a regular cast member in the fifth season, however she may return as a guest star or a recurring character. Following the departure of Audra McDonald, it was announced on March 20, 2011 that actor Benjamin Bratt will be added to the series as a regular cast member for the fifth season. The details of his character were released on August 7, as he is set to play Jake Reilly, an accomplished fertility specialist that is knowledgeable in cutting-edge technology and procedures. Later in the season, Cooper Freedman was revealed to have had an 8 year old son from a previous one-night stand. Son Mason is portrayed by child actor Griffin Gluck. While Gluck initially served as a guest star, he was promoted to series regular later on in the season. Gluck is notable for being the first child to be a series regular in \"Private Practice\" or in the original series \"Grey's Anatomy\". Following the renewal of \"Private Practice\", it was announced that Benjamin Bratt would be returning to the show as a series regular, and his character was reviewed to be named, Jake Reilly. It was also announced that Audra McDonald would not be returning as a series regular, but instead could possible return as a recurring cast member. All of the regular cast including, Kate Walsh, Tim Daly, Paul Adelstein, KaDee Strickland, Brian Benben, Caterina Scorsone, Taye Diggs, and Amy Brenneman all returned in their roles as series regulars.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "He wrote and directed the short films \"The Overcoat\", with Jason Watkins, Vicki Pepperdine, Tim Key, Alex Macqueen and adapted from Nikolai Gogol's short story, \"A Pornographer Woos\", with Michael Smiley and adapted from Bernard MacLaverty's short story, \"Henry VI, Part 1\" as part of Shakespeare's Globe's Complete Walk, \" Telling Laura\", with Colin Hoult and Louise Ford, \"Anthropopopometry\", with Peter McDonald and Lloyd Hutchinson, \"Santa's Blotto\", with Brian Blessed, which premiered at the BFI London Film Festival and was made with Film London support. Other writing work includes \"Will: The Lost Years\", which won the Channel Four/Stellar Network Pitch Up Competition in 2009. Producing work includes the stage adaptation of Paddy Chayefsky's \"Network (film)\", adapted by Lee Hall (playwright), directed by Ivo van Hove and starring Bryan Cranston and Michelle Dockery, in a co-production with the Royal National Theatre, the West End production of \"Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill\", with Audra McDonald at Wyndham's Theatre, David Mamet's \"Glengarry Glen Ross\", with Jonathan Pryce and Aidan Gillen, at the Apollo Theatre, \"Orwell: A Celebration\" at the Trafalgar Studios, \"Family Affair\" by Alexander Ostrovsky at the Arcola Theatre, as well as productions for Doublethink Theatre, of which he is artistic director. He was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Bursary while at Bristol Old Vic Theatre School"], "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f5b478059f6d44219985faa39469f901_1_q#1", "question": "Was she recognized for this role?", "rewrite": "Was Audra McDonald recognized for the role of Billie Holiday in the play Lady Day?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933\u20131944 Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933\u20131944 is a box set ten-disc compilation of the complete known studio master recordings, plus alternate takes, of Billie Holiday during the time period indicated, released in 2001 on Columbia/Legacy, CXK 85470. Designed like an album of 78s, the medium in which these recordings initially appeared, the 10.5\" \u00d7 12\" box includes 230 tracks, a 116-page booklet with extensive photos, a song list, discography, essays by Michael Brooks, Gary Giddins, and Farah Jasmine Griffin, and an insert of appreciations for Holiday from a diversity of figures including Tony Bennett, Elvis Costello, Marianne Faithfull, B.B. King, Abbey Lincoln, Jill Scott, and Lucinda Williams. At the 44th Grammy Awards on February 27, 2002, the box set won the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album of the previous year. These recordings were made in a time before the LP album, introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. Starting at approximately the turn of the 19th century into the 20th, recorded music arrived on the market in the form of a ten-inch gramophone record that played at 78 revolutions per minute, two songs of generally no more than four minutes duration per side. The advent of radio increased demand for recorded music played in the home through the 1920s. However, during the Great Depression, home record sales decreased dramatically, but a relatively viable market still existed for the inexpensive play of records in jukeboxes, which had proliferated during the 1920s and 1930s. Initially, these records featuring Billie Holiday were made with that market in mind. John Hammond, who had discovered Holiday singing in a Harlem jazz club in 1933, arranged for her first recording session that same year on November 27.", "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill is a play with music by Lanie Robertson, recounting some events in the life of Billie Holiday. The play originally premiered in 1986 at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, and soon played Off-Broadway. The play opened on Broadway in 2014. \"Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill\" premiered at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia, on April 16, 1986, with direction by Woodie King Jr. and Reenie Upchurch as Billie Holiday. The play was next produced Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre on June 5, 1986, and then opened in a Vineyard Theatre production at the Westside Theatre on September 7, 1986. This production closed on May 17, 1987 after 281 performances. Directed by Andre Ernotte, Lonette McKee starred as Holiday. In February 1987 S. Epatha Merkerson took over the role of Billie Holiday. The play won the 1987 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Book (Robertson). The Hollywood Playhouse (in California) produced \"Lady Day\" in October 1987, directed by Andre Ernotte, and with S. Epatha Merkerson reprising her role as Holiday. Ernotte said that he wanted to \"deglamorize Billie: show the dark, sad side. So it's not so much a nightclub act as a theater play with music.\" He also noted that Merkerson brought another aspect to the role as an actress rather than as a singer. The play was presented at the Long Wharf Theatre, New Haven, Connecticut in November 2005, with Ernestine Jackson as Billie Holiday. The play opened on Broadway at Circle in the Square on April 13, 2014.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director.", "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014. After previews that began on March 25, 2014, the play opened at the Circle in the Square Theatre on April 13, 2014. Of the play, McDonald said in an interview:  It's about a woman trying to get through a concert performance, which I know something about, and she's doing it at a time when her liver was pickled and she was still doing heroin regularly...I might have been a little judgmental about Billie Holiday early on in my life, but what I've come to admire most about her - and what is fascinating in this show - is that there is never any self-pity. She's almost laughing at how horrible her life has been. I don't think she sees herself as a victim. And she feels an incredible connection to her music - she can't sing a song if she doesn't have some emotional connection to it, which I really understand. McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role, making her the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories. In her acceptance speech, \"she thanked her parents for encouraging her to pursue her interests as a child.\" She also thanked the \"strong and brave and courageous\" African-American women who came before her, saying in part, \"I am standing on Lena Horne's shoulders. I am standing on Maya Angelou's shoulders. I am standing on Diahann Carroll and Ruby Dee, and most of all, Billie Holiday. You deserved so much more than you were given when you were on this planet.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life."], "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Lady Day in regards to Audra McDonald?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5b478059f6d44219985faa39469f901_1_q#2", "question": "What other awards did she receive?", "rewrite": "Aside from the Tony Award for Best Performance, What other awards did Audra McDonald receive?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "Music and lyrics were by Judd Woldin and Robert Brittan. The cast included Joe Morton (Walter Lee), Virginia Capers (Momma), Ernestine Jackson (Ruth), Debbie Allen (Beneatha) and Ralph Carter (Travis, the Youngers' young son). The show won the Tony Award for Best musical. In 1989 the play was adapted into a TV film for PBS' \"American Playhouse\" series, starring Danny Glover (Walter Lee) and Esther Rolle (Mama), with Kim Yancey (Beneatha), Starletta DuPois (Ruth), and John Fiedler (Karl Lindner). This production received three Emmy Award nominations, but all were for technical categories. Bill Duke directed the production, while Chiz Schultz produced. This production was based on an off-Broadway revival produced by the Roundabout Theatre. On 3 March 1996 the BBC broadcast a production of the play by director/producer Claire Grove, with the following cast: A revival ran on Broadway at the Royale Theatre from April 26, 2004, to July 11, 2004 at the Royale Theatre with the following cast: The director was Kenny Leon with David Binder and Vivek Tiwary producers. The play won two 2004 Tony Awards: Best Actress in a Play (Phylicia Rashad) and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Audra McDonald), and was nominated for Best Revival of a Play and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Sanaa Lathan). In 2008, Sean Combs, Phylicia Rashad and Audra McDonald starred in a television film directed by Kenny Leon. The film debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008. McDonald received an Emmy nomination for her portrayal of Ruth.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director.", "Kevin Adams Kevin Adams is an American theatrical lighting designer. He has earned four Tony Awards for lighting design. Adams grew up in Texas and attended the University of Texas where he received a B.F.A. in scenery design, then attended the California Institute for the Arts where he received a master's degree, also in scenic design. He toured with Rachel Rosenthal, a performance artist, for 5 years, and also worked as a set designer at various theaters and in film in California, before moving to New York. In 2007 he received the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Musical for \"Spring Awakening\". In 2008 he received the Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Play and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lighting Design for \"The 39 Steps\". In 2010 he received his third Tony Award (for light design of a musical) for his work on \"American Idiot\". He won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Lighting Design of a Musical for his work on \"Hedwig and the Angry Inch\". Other productions include \"Passing Strange\", \"Next to Normal\", the 2009 revival of \"Hair\", \"Take Me Out\", Everyday Rapture\", solo shows for Anna Deavere Smith, Eve Ensler, Eric Bogosian and John Leguizamo, concerts for Audra McDonald, Patti Lupone, Sandra Bernhard and The Magnetic Fields. Adams has worked at many regional and off-Broadway theaters and operas, including: The Public Theater, Roundabout Theatre, Second Stage Theatre, Encores!, Williamstown Theatre Festival, Lincoln Center, Kennedy Center, Playwrights Horizons, P.S. 122, Steppenwolf Theatre, Donmar Warehouse, New York City Opera, Glimmerglass Opera, and Houston Grand Opera. In 2009 he received two Tony nominations for lighting \"Hair\" and \"Next To Normal\".", "He mentioned the \"other\" David Alan Grier and the \"Farrakhan - The Musical\" stories. Grier returned to Broadway to perform in the musical \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\". He returned to Broadway for the premiere of \"Race\", written and directed by David Mamet, opposite James Spader, Kerry Washington, and Richard Thomas, which opened at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on December 6, 2009. Grier received his second Tony Award nomination for his role. He also appeared in the revival production of \"The Wiz\" at the La Jolla Playhouse directed by Des McAnuff. Grier appeared on Broadway as Sportin' Life in the Gershwins' \"Porgy and Bess\", which opened at the Richard Rodgers Theatre on January 12, 2012, alongside Norm Lewis and Audra McDonald. He was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical for this role. In addition to his Tony Award nomination, Grier received a 2013 Grammy nomination for Best Musical Theater Album for his performance on the cast recording of the play. David was a contestant on the eighth season of \"Dancing with the Stars\", partnered with Kym Johnson. By the fourth week of the competition, Grier announced that he had lost 26 pounds. He was eliminated in the fifth week. Grier's first book \"Barack Like Me: The Chocolate-Covered Truth\" was published by Simon & Schuster in 2009. The book recounts Grier's own life story, and was written with Alan Eisenstock. Grier appeared in an episode of \"Clean House\" along with his brother and his brother's family. Grier invited the show to help his brother due to his severe problems with clutter, and the family received a home makeover."], "answer": {"text": "the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories.", "answer_start": 1077}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Lady Day in regards to Audra McDonald?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she recognized for this role?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5b478059f6d44219985faa39469f901_1_q#3", "question": "What else is significant about this feature?", "rewrite": "What else is significant about Audra McDonald, besides being the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Other Broadway credits include \"The Playboy of the Western World\", \"Macbeth\", \"The Member of the Wedding\", \"A Shot in the Dark\", \"Skyscraper\", \"And Miss Reardon Drinks a Little\", \"Forty Carats\", \"The Glass Menagerie\", \"A Doll's House\", and \"The Gin Game\", and a North American tour in 1992 of \"Lettice and Lovage\" in the lead part originated by Maggie Smith on Broadway. In 1983, Harris also became a company member of The Mirror Theater Ltd's Mirror Repertory Company. Julie Harris became a mentor to the company, having urged Founding Artistic Director Sabra Jones to create the company from 1976 forward, when Jones married John Strasberg. Harris and Jones met at a performance of \"The Belle of Amherst\", a revival of which The Mirror Theater Ltd recently performed in their summer home in Vermont. With Chita Rivera, Harris holds the record for the most individual Tony Award nominations, with 10 nominations. She held the record for most competitive Tony wins (five) until Angela Lansbury tied her in 2009. Audra McDonald has passed them both, with six acting Tony Award wins. In 1966, Harris won the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre. Harris's screen debut was in 1952, repeating her Broadway success as the lonely teenaged girl Frankie in Carson McCullers' \" The Member of the Wedding\", for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Harris played the ethereal Eleanor Lance in \"The Haunting\" (1963), director Robert Wise's screen adaptation of a novel by Shirley Jackson, a classic film of the horror genre.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director.", "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014. After previews that began on March 25, 2014, the play opened at the Circle in the Square Theatre on April 13, 2014. Of the play, McDonald said in an interview:  It's about a woman trying to get through a concert performance, which I know something about, and she's doing it at a time when her liver was pickled and she was still doing heroin regularly...I might have been a little judgmental about Billie Holiday early on in my life, but what I've come to admire most about her - and what is fascinating in this show - is that there is never any self-pity. She's almost laughing at how horrible her life has been. I don't think she sees herself as a victim. And she feels an incredible connection to her music - she can't sing a song if she doesn't have some emotional connection to it, which I really understand. McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role, making her the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories. In her acceptance speech, \"she thanked her parents for encouraging her to pursue her interests as a child.\" She also thanked the \"strong and brave and courageous\" African-American women who came before her, saying in part, \"I am standing on Lena Horne's shoulders. I am standing on Maya Angelou's shoulders. I am standing on Diahann Carroll and Ruby Dee, and most of all, Billie Holiday. You deserved so much more than you were given when you were on this planet.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "68th Tony Awards The 68th Annual Tony Awards were held June 8, 2014, to recognize achievement in Broadway productions during the 2013\u201314 season. The ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, and was televised live on CBS. Hugh Jackman was the host, his fourth time hosting. The 15 musical Tony Awards went to seven different musicals, and six plays shared the 11 play Tony Awards. The nominations were announced on April 29, 2014 by Jonathan Groff and Lucy Liu. Audra McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. In just her ninth Broadway engagement, McDonald established two records as the first actor to win six Tony Awards for acting and the first to win in all four categories, lead and featured in both a play and a musical. In its seventh Broadway incarnation, \"The Glass Menagerie\" won its first Tony Award (Lighting Design). \"Aladdin\"'s win made it the fourth franchise to complete EGOT status. Shows that opened on Broadway during the 2013\u201314 season before April 24, 2014, were eligible for consideration. During the opening sequence of the ceremony, Jackman hopped along to the song \"Take Me to Broadway,\" in an homage to Bobby Van's hopping in the 1953 film \"Small Town Girl\". The ceremony included performances from the nominated musicals (both new and revival) as well as other current musicals. The performances include:  Neil Patrick Harris (who hosted the last 3 ceremonies) and the cast of \"Hedwig and the Angry Inch\" performing \"Sugar Daddy,\" Sutton Foster with the cast of \"Violet\" performing a medley of \" On My Way\" and \"Raise You Up,\" Alan Cumming and the cast of \"Cabaret\" performing \"Wilkommen,\" and Idina Menzel performing \"Always Starting Over: from \"If/Then\"."], "answer": {"text": "McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast.", "answer_start": 124}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Lady Day in regards to Audra McDonald?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she recognized for this role?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other awards did she receive?", "answer": {"text": "the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories.", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5b478059f6d44219985faa39469f901_1_q#4", "question": "Did she do anything else?", "rewrite": "Did Audra McDonald do anything else, besides receiving a 2016 Emmy Award nomination?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bruce Branit Bruce Branit is an American filmmaker with a strong background in Computer graphics and visual effects. He has received seven Emmy Award nominations for his work on Star Trek and Breaking Bad. He is the owner of Branit FX based in Kansas City which provides visual effects work for feature television, film and commercials. His production company Lucamax Pictures is currently developing several long and short form entertainment projects. Branit recently released World Builder, an emotional short film demonstrating futuristic computer interfaces used to create a holographic world for a woman apparently in a medical coma. The movie won several short film awards such as the KC Filmmakers Jubilee, the Indianapolis International Film Festival and the Indy Shorts Fest. Branit is also known for his work on the short film 405. This 3-minute film, co produced by Jeremy Hunt, shows a DC-10 airliner makes a suspenseful emergency landing on a Los Angeles freeway. Branit studied industrial design at the University of Kansas. 2018 Shore Scripts - Feature Winner - Loop Thief (aka The Branch Manager)<br> 2018 Visual Effects Society (VES) Nomination for Best Supporting VFX in a TV Series - Westworld< br> 2018 Emmy Award Nomination for VFX in a TV Series - Westworld< br> 2016 Emmy Award Nomination for VFX in a TV Series - 11-22-63 <br> 2014 Visual Effects Society (VES) Nomination for Best Supporting VFX in a TV Series- Breaking Bad<br> 2014 Page Screenplay Quarterfinalist \u201cOccupy Dawn (aka State of the Union)\u201d<br> 2013 Emmy Award Nomination for VFX in a TV Series - Breaking Bad <br> 2009 WINNER Cineglobe (CERN) Film Festival - \u201cWorld Builder\u201d Short Film< br> 2008 Seattle International Film Festival Finalist - \u201cWorld Builder\u201d Short Film< br>", "Music and lyrics were by Judd Woldin and Robert Brittan. The cast included Joe Morton (Walter Lee), Virginia Capers (Momma), Ernestine Jackson (Ruth), Debbie Allen (Beneatha) and Ralph Carter (Travis, the Youngers' young son). The show won the Tony Award for Best musical. In 1989 the play was adapted into a TV film for PBS' \"American Playhouse\" series, starring Danny Glover (Walter Lee) and Esther Rolle (Mama), with Kim Yancey (Beneatha), Starletta DuPois (Ruth), and John Fiedler (Karl Lindner). This production received three Emmy Award nominations, but all were for technical categories. Bill Duke directed the production, while Chiz Schultz produced. This production was based on an off-Broadway revival produced by the Roundabout Theatre. On 3 March 1996 the BBC broadcast a production of the play by director/producer Claire Grove, with the following cast: A revival ran on Broadway at the Royale Theatre from April 26, 2004, to July 11, 2004 at the Royale Theatre with the following cast: The director was Kenny Leon with David Binder and Vivek Tiwary producers. The play won two 2004 Tony Awards: Best Actress in a Play (Phylicia Rashad) and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Audra McDonald), and was nominated for Best Revival of a Play and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Sanaa Lathan). In 2008, Sean Combs, Phylicia Rashad and Audra McDonald starred in a television film directed by Kenny Leon. The film debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008. McDonald received an Emmy nomination for her portrayal of Ruth.", "I literally can't give this higher than a 9.0, it was just too sad of an ending.\" Alan Sepinwall of HitFix thought the episode was \"a mostly tremendous episode of a drama\", adding the death of Mike \"is just a gorgeous, devastating scene\", but he was unimpressed by the plotting that led to Mike showing any trust for Walt in that situation, writing that it was a contrived way to ensure that Walt would be in a position to kill Mike per the requirements of the overall show story. Jonathan Banks has received several awards and nominations for his portrayal as Mike Ehrmantraut in both \"Breaking Bad\" and \"Better Call Saul\". In 2012, he received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series for his role in \"Breaking Bad\". In 2013, he received a Critics' Choice Television Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series for \"Breaking Bad\". In 2015, he received a Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for \"Better Call Saul\". In 2016, he received a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. In 2017, he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series and a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor \u2013 Series, Miniseries or Television Film. In 2019, he received another Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director."], "answer": {"text": "She performed in Lady Day in June 2017 through September 9, 2017, at the Wyndham's Theatre in the West End.", "answer_start": 418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Lady Day in regards to Audra McDonald?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she recognized for this role?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other awards did she receive?", "answer": {"text": "the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories.", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant about this feature?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5b478059f6d44219985faa39469f901_1_q#5", "question": "DId she perform anywhere else/", "rewrite": "DId Audra McDonald perform anywhere else, aside from Wyndham's Theatre in the West End?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "Tom Farniok Tom Farniok (born August 31, 1991) is an American football center who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at Iowa State. Farniok was a three-year letterwinner at Washington High School in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. In 2008, he was named Class 11AA first-team All-State. As a sophomore, he was an honorable mention All-conference. He was named Class 11AA First-Team All-State and offensive MVP of All-City Team. He was a first-Team Greater Dakota All-Conference as senior and junior. As a senior, he served as team captain of Washington Warrior team that went 13-0 and claimed the Class 11AA state title (Washington\u2019s first since 1976). In addition, he was also an academic All-Conference and All-State in 2009. Farniok also lettered in basketball and track & field at Washington HS. He had a personal-best throw of 43.73 meters (143 feet, 5 inches) in the discus as a senior. He also recorded a top-throw of 13 meters (42 feet, 8 inches) in the shot put at the Dakota Relays. Considered as a two-star recruit by Rivals.com, Farniok chose Iowa State over offers from North Dakota, North Dakota State and South Dakota State. Farniok did not hear his name called during the 2015 NFL Draft, but signed with the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent shortly after the draft. He was subsequently released prior to the commencement of the 2015 season.", "Private Practice (season 5) The fifth season of \"Private Practice\" premiered on September 29, 2011. It was announced on February 9, 2011 that Audra McDonald, who plays the character Naomi Bennett, will not return as a regular cast member in the fifth season, however she may return as a guest star or a recurring character. Following the departure of Audra McDonald, it was announced on March 20, 2011 that actor Benjamin Bratt will be added to the series as a regular cast member for the fifth season. The details of his character were released on August 7, as he is set to play Jake Reilly, an accomplished fertility specialist that is knowledgeable in cutting-edge technology and procedures. Later in the season, Cooper Freedman was revealed to have had an 8 year old son from a previous one-night stand. Son Mason is portrayed by child actor Griffin Gluck. While Gluck initially served as a guest star, he was promoted to series regular later on in the season. Gluck is notable for being the first child to be a series regular in \"Private Practice\" or in the original series \"Grey's Anatomy\". Following the renewal of \"Private Practice\", it was announced that Benjamin Bratt would be returning to the show as a series regular, and his character was reviewed to be named, Jake Reilly. It was also announced that Audra McDonald would not be returning as a series regular, but instead could possible return as a recurring cast member. All of the regular cast including, Kate Walsh, Tim Daly, Paul Adelstein, KaDee Strickland, Brian Benben, Caterina Scorsone, Taye Diggs, and Amy Brenneman all returned in their roles as series regulars.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director.", "He played the role of Berger again in the West End revival of \"Hair\" which began performances on April 1, 2010, and ended his limited engagement on May 29, 2010. Audra McDonald and Swenson reprised their roles in a two-week fundraising production of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Hale Center Theater in Orem, Utah. On October 8, 2009, Swenson appeared as in the guest cameo slot for the extension performance of Katie Thompson's \"R.R.R.E.D.: A Secret Musical\", as part of the 2009 New York Musical Theatre Festival. In 2010, Swenson played the lead role of \"Tick\"/\"Mitzi\" in the pre-Broadway North American company of \"\" in Toronto, Canada. In October 2013, Swenson was cast as Inspector Javert in the 2014 Broadway revival of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", which opened in March 2014 at New York's Imperial Theatre, where the musical had previously run for 13 years. In 2018, Swenson played Satan in the New Group's off-Broadway production of \".\" Swenson met his first wife Amy (n\u00e9e Westerby) while they were both in one of his grandmother's comedies, \"Hopsville Holiday\". The couple have two sons, Bridger and Sawyer, but have since divorced. Swenson and actress Audra McDonald became engaged in January 2012 and were married on October 6, 2012. In October 2016, McDonald and Swenson welcomed their first child, Sally."], "answer": {"text": "This performance was filmed at Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016.", "answer_start": 26}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Lady Day in regards to Audra McDonald?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she recognized for this role?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other awards did she receive?", "answer": {"text": "the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories.", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant about this feature?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she do anything else?", "answer": {"text": "She performed in Lady Day in June 2017 through September 9, 2017, at the Wyndham's Theatre in the West End.", "answer_start": 418, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b5b146e7f2a4af38f3882cef27d6fba_1_q#0", "question": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "rewrite": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night  Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night was the second solo album by British singer-songwriter Peter Hammill. It followed in the aftermath of the breakup of Hammill's band Van der Graaf Generator, although (as with many of Hammill's \"solo\" albums from this period) the other members of Van der Graaf Generator all perform on the album, blurring the distinction between solo and group work. The album was produced by John Anthony at Rockfield Studios, Wales, for the first time using pre-recorded parts done by Peter Hammill in his home studio in Worth. For final mixing the then much better equipped Trident Studios were used. The album was released in May 1973 on Charisma Records. Some of the songs (\"German Overalls\" and \"In the End\") relate to Van der Graaf Generator's decision to split, following an exhausting, demoralising and poverty-stricken experience of being a touring rock band. \"German Overalls\" even name-checks bandmates Hugh Banton and David Jackson. Hammill has continued to perform \"Easy to Slip Away\" in concert to the present day. The song relates to him losing touch with student housemates Mike and actress Susan Penhaligon (who were also namechecked in the Van der Graaf Generator song \"Refugees\"). The complex and atmospheric \"(In the) Black Room/The Tower\" was originally planned for inclusion on Van der Graaf Generator's album following \"Pawn Hearts\", an album that because of the band's split never came to be. It features all of Van der Graaf Generator's ex-members up to that point, excluding Chris Judge Smith and Keith Ellis. Another recording of it is included on \"Time Vaults\".", "Guy Evans Guy Randolph Evans (born 17 June 1947, Birmingham) is an English drummer, percussionist and composer. He is a member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Whilst at the University of Warwick (1965\u201368), Evans played in the university band which was called The New Economic Model. The band, which mainly played American soul music of the 1960s, played at all the university dances and supported bands such as Pink Floyd and The Move. There is a picture of Evans with the rest of the New Economic Model in \"Van der Graaf Generator \u2013 The Book\". Evans has been a member of Van der Graaf Generator from 1968 until 1978, and since their reformation in 2005. In addition to his work in Van der Graaf Generator, Evans has collaborated with other musicians, frequently with other (ex-) members of Van der Graaf Generator, as on \"The Long Hello\" project and in the K Group. He also works with a group called Echo City constructing \"sonic playgrounds\", outdoor constructions which can be used to make music, many for disabled children. Evans also worked for a number of years at Shape Arts in an administrative role and as a workshop leader. He has been the drummer in Subterraneans since 2002. With Van der Graaf Generator: With The Misunderstood:  With Echo City", "Fool's Mate (album) Fool's Mate is the debut solo album by Peter Hammill of progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. The title is both a chess and tarot reference. It was produced by Trident Studios' in-house producer John Anthony. The album was recorded in 1971, in the midst of one of Van der Graaf Generator's most prolific periods. Hammill used the album to record a backlog of songs which were much shorter and simpler than his Van der Graaf Generator material, and declared on the original album sleeve: \"This isn't intended to be any kind of statement of my present musical position, but at the same time, it is an album which involves a great deal of me, the person, basically a return to the roots.\" Guest musicians on the album included the members of Van der Graaf Generator, members of his label mates Lindisfarne, and guitarist Robert Fripp. The UK music press was generally very positive about \"Fool's Mate\". Melody Maker saw it as \"one of THE albums of the year\". The cover was designed by Paul Whitehead who at the time was the favourite cover artist for Van der Graaf Generator and fellow Charisma band Genesis. \"Fool's Mate\" includes one of Hammill's most celebrated love songs, \"Vision\", which he still performs in concert. Both \"Vision\" and \"The Birds\" were re-worked for Hammill's 1984 album \"The Love Songs\". In 2005 \"Fool's Mate\" was issued in remastered form by EMI Virgin Records, supplemented with bonus demo recordings of several songs. All tracks composed by Peter Hammill; except where indicated   Bonus tracks on 2005 reissue:", "Vital (Van der Graaf Generator album) Vital: Van der Graaf Live is the first live album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was recorded 16 January 1978 at the Marquee Club in London and was released in July, one month after the band's 1978 break-up. The album (on vinyl and, later, on CD) was credited under the abbreviated name Van der Graaf, like the previous year's \"The Quiet Zone/The Pleasure Dome\" (1977), and featured the same line-up plus newcomer cellist Charles Dickie, who had officially joined the band in August 1977, and original saxophonist and flautist David Jackson, who re-joined the band for this recording. The album is noted for its sometimes radical reworking of the older material. Although Van der Graaf Generator were seldom less than intense on stage, the 1977 and 1978 tours were remarkable for their ferocity. The absence of Hugh Banton, whose organ work was a hallmark of the group's sound before his departure in 1976, as well as frontman Peter Hammill's increased duties as a rhythm guitarist, account for much of this. Van der Graaf Generator, in their 'Van der Graaf' incarnation, debuted on 20 February 1977 at the Roundhouse in London. After a European tour with Charisma Records labelmates Hawkwind and a concert at Brunel University on 25 March, the band spent a month recording their next album, \" The Quiet Zone/ The Pleasure Dome\", at the Foel, Rockfield, and Morgan recording studios. Following two concerts in Ibiza, cellist Charles Dickie was added to the line-up in August. Dickie debuted with Van der Graaf in September at the Schee\u00dfel festival.", "Peter Hammill Peter Joseph Andrew Hammill (born 5 November 1948) is an English singer-songwriter. He is a founder member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Best known as a singer, he also plays guitar and piano. He also acts as a record producer for his own recordings and occasionally for other artists. In 2012, he was recognised with the Visionary award at the first Progressive Music Awards. Peter Hammill was born in Ealing, west London, and moved with his family to Derby when he was 12. He attended Beaumont College and Manchester University, where he studied Liberal Studies in Science. Hammill has stated that his grandfather was originally from Pakistan. Hammill's solo career has coexisted with Van der Graaf Generator's activities. The band was offered a contract by Mercury Records in 1968, that only Hammill signed. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up in 1969 he wanted to record his first solo album. In the summer of 1969 Hammill had a residency at The Lyceum and played weekly solo concerts there. Eventually the intended solo album was released under the Van der Graaf Generator banner as their first album (\"The Aerosol Grey Machine\"). Hammill's first real solo album was \"Fool's Mate\" (1971), containing songs from the early (1967/68) Van der Graaf Generator days. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up again in August 1972, Hammill resumed his solo career. Songs that were intended for Van der Graaf Generator now ended up on his solo albums, notably \"Black Room\" (on \"Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night\") and \"A Louse Is Not a Home\" (on \"The Silent Corner and the Empty Stage\")."], "answer": {"text": "Hammill's split with the group was amicable, and Banton, Jackson, and Evans, among others, all contributed to his solo work at various times.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8b5b146e7f2a4af38f3882cef27d6fba_1_q#1", "question": "Why did the group split up?", "rewrite": "Why did Van der Graaf Generatorsplit up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vital (Van der Graaf Generator album) Vital: Van der Graaf Live is the first live album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was recorded 16 January 1978 at the Marquee Club in London and was released in July, one month after the band's 1978 break-up. The album (on vinyl and, later, on CD) was credited under the abbreviated name Van der Graaf, like the previous year's \"The Quiet Zone/The Pleasure Dome\" (1977), and featured the same line-up plus newcomer cellist Charles Dickie, who had officially joined the band in August 1977, and original saxophonist and flautist David Jackson, who re-joined the band for this recording. The album is noted for its sometimes radical reworking of the older material. Although Van der Graaf Generator were seldom less than intense on stage, the 1977 and 1978 tours were remarkable for their ferocity. The absence of Hugh Banton, whose organ work was a hallmark of the group's sound before his departure in 1976, as well as frontman Peter Hammill's increased duties as a rhythm guitarist, account for much of this. Van der Graaf Generator, in their 'Van der Graaf' incarnation, debuted on 20 February 1977 at the Roundhouse in London. After a European tour with Charisma Records labelmates Hawkwind and a concert at Brunel University on 25 March, the band spent a month recording their next album, \" The Quiet Zone/ The Pleasure Dome\", at the Foel, Rockfield, and Morgan recording studios. Following two concerts in Ibiza, cellist Charles Dickie was added to the line-up in August. Dickie debuted with Van der Graaf in September at the Schee\u00dfel festival.", "Her lawyer and the lawyers of Van der Graaf denounced this as an attempt to pressure Van der Graaf into making a statement. She was released two days later and eventually cleared of any suspicion after Van der Graaf made a statement on her behalf. During a second \"pro forma\" hearing on 4 November, it was decided that the trial would be delayed while Van der Graaf was sent for seven weeks of psychiatric observation at the Pieter Baan Centre, starting in the first week of January 2003. In a press statement of 23 November, the prosecution (Public Ministry) announced that Van der Graaf had confessed to the murder. He said he planned it for some time and that nobody else was involved in the plans or knew about them. He believed Fortuyn was a steadily increasing danger for vulnerable groups in society. He saw no other possibility than to end the danger by killing Fortuyn. In response to the confession, Mat Herben said he was still not convinced that Van der Graaf had acted alone. Fortuyn's brother Marten said he was not surprised by the confession but feared that Van der Graaf was setting himself up as \"saviour of the fatherland\". The confession has not been made publicly available. Reports have asserted that Van der Graaf said he was \"not proud\" of the deed. He said if he could consider the decision again, he wouldn't do it. He said that he did not see himself as \"the saviour of the Netherlands\" or as a martyr. On 6 January 2003, Van der Graaf was moved to the Pieter Baan Centrum (PBC) to begin the seven-week behavioural investigation. Disagreements between the Ministry of Justice and the management of the PBC over the conditions of his supervision delayed it.", "Running away, Van der Graaf was chased by Hans Smolders, Fortuyn's chauffeur. Two employees from a different building joined in. During the chase, Van der Graaf threatened them by raising the gun in his jacket pocket toward them. They ran from the grounds of the Mediapark onto a public road, where Van der Graaf pointed the pistol at arm's length at Smolders, who had been reporting their position to the police by mobile phone. Reaching a gas station, Van der Graaf gave himself up when police pointed their pistols at him. For several months Van der Graaf refused to make any statement about the murder, on the advice of his lawyers. He was represented by B\u00f6hler, Koppe and Franken, with B\u00f6hler leading. In the months following the murder, many conspiracy theories were put forth by supporters of Fortuyn and others. Officials investigating the murder dismissed these popular rumours, declaring that no evidence had been found for the involvement of others. No evidence was found to support rumors that Van der Graaf had committed the earlier murder in 1996 of Chris Van der Werken, an environmental official from Nunspeet, or that he had attended other appearances by Fortuyn. On 7 July 2006, the national daily newspaper \"De Telegraaf\" published an article alleging Van der Graaf's connection with the murder of Van der Werken. \" De Telegraaf\" printed extracts of a secret police report on the murder of Van der Werken on its website. Quirijn Meijnen, a Dutch-based media lawyer who represented Van der Graaf, said the accusations were grave and unfounded, and that the publication of extracts of the secret police report infringed Van der Graaf's privacy rights.", "Volkert van der Graaf Volkert van der Graaf (born 9 July 1969) is a Dutch convicted murderer who assassinated politician Pim Fortuyn, the leader of the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF), on 6 May 2002. This occurred during the political campaign for the Dutch general elections of 2002. An environmental and animal rights activist , he said at his trial that he murdered Fortuyn to stop him from exploiting Muslims as \"scapegoats\" and targeting \"the vulnerable sections of society\" in seeking political power. Van der Graaf was arrested shortly after shooting Fortuyn, who died immediately. In court, van der Graaf testified that he had become alarmed that Fortuyn was using Muslims and immigrants as scapegoats in a campaign to seek political power. He thought the politician endangered society with his controversial statements. His trial started on 27 March 2003. He was convicted on 15 April 2003 and sentenced to 18 years in prison. The trial generated large interest from the Dutch public, especially Fortuyn supporters. Van der Graaf appealed for the reduction of the sentence to 16 years, but on 18 July 2003, the appeals court upheld the previous sentence. He was released on parole in May 2014 after serving 12 years, two thirds of his sentence, according to Dutch practice. Van der Graaf was born in Middelburg, in the province of Zeeland. By the time he attended university in Wageningen, he had become a vegan and an advocate of animal rights. At the time of the murder he lived with his girlfriend and their infant daughter in Harderwijk. Van der Graaf worked for the environmental organisation Vereniging Milieu Offensief in Wageningen, which he had co-founded in 1992. His job involved challenging violators of environmental regulations through litigation.", "\"De Telegraaf\" failed to mention that Van der Graaf was never a suspect in the murder case of Van der Werken. After Van der Graaf's arrest, he was held in strict isolation until 1 June. He could speak only to his lawyers and police and justice officials. He was kept under constant observation by video camera. A second search of Van der Graaf's home on 24 June found a chemical mixture, calcium chlorate and sugar, hidden in 35 condoms in his garage. Nearby were flasks of sulphuric acid. Experts said the substances could be combined to make a fire bomb or explosive material. Van der Graaf later said that he had fabricated the materials around 1990\u20131992 for experimentation purposes and had forgotten about them. The first \"pro forma\" hearing in his trial started on 9 August, which Van der Graaf watched on television from his cell in the Bijlmerbajes prison. The prosecution outlined its evidence, which included the finding of DNA matching Fortuyn on Van der Graaf's clothes and gun, matching of the bullets used in the attack with the gun, and eyewitnesses who pursued him continuously from the murder scene to the point of arrest. The defence complained that lack of discretion in reporting by the press and statements by public officials would make it difficult to obtain a fair trial. It requested calling as witnesses several politicians who had made public comments about the murder, including the past and present Prime Ministers Wim Kok and Jan Peter Balkenende, as well as various members of Lijst Pim Fortuyn including Herben and Janssen van Raay. On the morning of 3 September, Van der Graaf's girlfriend was arrested at her workplace in connection with the chemicals found at their former home."], "answer": {"text": "By 1975, the members of the band were ready to work with each other again, and they decided to reform the band.", "answer_start": 142}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "answer": {"text": "Hammill's split with the group was amicable, and Banton, Jackson, and Evans, among others, all contributed to his solo work at various times.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b5b146e7f2a4af38f3882cef27d6fba_1_q#2", "question": "where did they play their first show upon reuniting?", "rewrite": "Where did Van der Graaf Generator play their first show upon reuniting in 1975?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vital (Van der Graaf Generator album) Vital: Van der Graaf Live is the first live album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was recorded 16 January 1978 at the Marquee Club in London and was released in July, one month after the band's 1978 break-up. The album (on vinyl and, later, on CD) was credited under the abbreviated name Van der Graaf, like the previous year's \"The Quiet Zone/The Pleasure Dome\" (1977), and featured the same line-up plus newcomer cellist Charles Dickie, who had officially joined the band in August 1977, and original saxophonist and flautist David Jackson, who re-joined the band for this recording. The album is noted for its sometimes radical reworking of the older material. Although Van der Graaf Generator were seldom less than intense on stage, the 1977 and 1978 tours were remarkable for their ferocity. The absence of Hugh Banton, whose organ work was a hallmark of the group's sound before his departure in 1976, as well as frontman Peter Hammill's increased duties as a rhythm guitarist, account for much of this. Van der Graaf Generator, in their 'Van der Graaf' incarnation, debuted on 20 February 1977 at the Roundhouse in London. After a European tour with Charisma Records labelmates Hawkwind and a concert at Brunel University on 25 March, the band spent a month recording their next album, \" The Quiet Zone/ The Pleasure Dome\", at the Foel, Rockfield, and Morgan recording studios. Following two concerts in Ibiza, cellist Charles Dickie was added to the line-up in August. Dickie debuted with Van der Graaf in September at the Schee\u00dfel festival.", "Guy Evans Guy Randolph Evans (born 17 June 1947, Birmingham) is an English drummer, percussionist and composer. He is a member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Whilst at the University of Warwick (1965\u201368), Evans played in the university band which was called The New Economic Model. The band, which mainly played American soul music of the 1960s, played at all the university dances and supported bands such as Pink Floyd and The Move. There is a picture of Evans with the rest of the New Economic Model in \"Van der Graaf Generator \u2013 The Book\". Evans has been a member of Van der Graaf Generator from 1968 until 1978, and since their reformation in 2005. In addition to his work in Van der Graaf Generator, Evans has collaborated with other musicians, frequently with other (ex-) members of Van der Graaf Generator, as on \"The Long Hello\" project and in the K Group. He also works with a group called Echo City constructing \"sonic playgrounds\", outdoor constructions which can be used to make music, many for disabled children. Evans also worked for a number of years at Shape Arts in an administrative role and as a workshop leader. He has been the drummer in Subterraneans since 2002. With Van der Graaf Generator: With The Misunderstood:  With Echo City", "Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night  Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night was the second solo album by British singer-songwriter Peter Hammill. It followed in the aftermath of the breakup of Hammill's band Van der Graaf Generator, although (as with many of Hammill's \"solo\" albums from this period) the other members of Van der Graaf Generator all perform on the album, blurring the distinction between solo and group work. The album was produced by John Anthony at Rockfield Studios, Wales, for the first time using pre-recorded parts done by Peter Hammill in his home studio in Worth. For final mixing the then much better equipped Trident Studios were used. The album was released in May 1973 on Charisma Records. Some of the songs (\"German Overalls\" and \"In the End\") relate to Van der Graaf Generator's decision to split, following an exhausting, demoralising and poverty-stricken experience of being a touring rock band. \"German Overalls\" even name-checks bandmates Hugh Banton and David Jackson. Hammill has continued to perform \"Easy to Slip Away\" in concert to the present day. The song relates to him losing touch with student housemates Mike and actress Susan Penhaligon (who were also namechecked in the Van der Graaf Generator song \"Refugees\"). The complex and atmospheric \"(In the) Black Room/The Tower\" was originally planned for inclusion on Van der Graaf Generator's album following \"Pawn Hearts\", an album that because of the band's split never came to be. It features all of Van der Graaf Generator's ex-members up to that point, excluding Chris Judge Smith and Keith Ellis. Another recording of it is included on \"Time Vaults\".", "Peter Hammill Peter Joseph Andrew Hammill (born 5 November 1948) is an English singer-songwriter. He is a founder member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Best known as a singer, he also plays guitar and piano. He also acts as a record producer for his own recordings and occasionally for other artists. In 2012, he was recognised with the Visionary award at the first Progressive Music Awards. Peter Hammill was born in Ealing, west London, and moved with his family to Derby when he was 12. He attended Beaumont College and Manchester University, where he studied Liberal Studies in Science. Hammill has stated that his grandfather was originally from Pakistan. Hammill's solo career has coexisted with Van der Graaf Generator's activities. The band was offered a contract by Mercury Records in 1968, that only Hammill signed. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up in 1969 he wanted to record his first solo album. In the summer of 1969 Hammill had a residency at The Lyceum and played weekly solo concerts there. Eventually the intended solo album was released under the Van der Graaf Generator banner as their first album (\"The Aerosol Grey Machine\"). Hammill's first real solo album was \"Fool's Mate\" (1971), containing songs from the early (1967/68) Van der Graaf Generator days. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up again in August 1972, Hammill resumed his solo career. Songs that were intended for Van der Graaf Generator now ended up on his solo albums, notably \"Black Room\" (on \"Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night\") and \"A Louse Is Not a Home\" (on \"The Silent Corner and the Empty Stage\").", "Judge Smith Christopher John Judge Smith (born July 1948), is an English songwriter, author, composer and performer, and a founder member of progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Initially working under the name Chris Judge Smith, he has been known simply as Judge Smith since 1994. After Van der Graaf Generator, he has written songs, stage musicals and operas, and from the early 1990s on he has released a number of solo CDs, including three \"Songstories\". In 1967, with Peter Hammill, Judge Smith founded the band Van der Graaf Generator. He was originally a singing drummer and percussionist (sometimes playing a typewriter), but after drummer Guy Evans joined the band, Smith realized that there wasn't a great deal left for him to do, since his role was reduced to being a harmony singer. After recording the first Van der Graaf Generator-single (\"People You Were Going To\" b/w \"Firebrand\"), Smith amicably left the band in 1968. He went on to form a jazz-rock band called Heebalob, which included saxophonist David Jackson, who would later join Van der Graaf Generator. After the demise of Heebalob, Smith pursued a solo career, and wrote and recorded many songs, some of which appeared on his (currently unavailable) first solo album \"Democrazy\" (1991). Smith also wrote several stage musicals as lyricist with composer Maxwell Hutchinson. These included \"The Kibbo Kift\" (produced at the Traverse Theatre for the Edinburgh Festival of 1976 and at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield the following year) and \"The Ascent Of Wilberforce III\" (subtitled \"The White Hell of Iffish Odorabad\", and produced at the Traverse Theatre, in 1981, and at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, London in 1982)."], "answer": {"text": "The reformed band worked at a prolific pace, rehearsing, and touring France before recording three new albums in just 12 months, beginning with Godbluff (October 1975).", "answer_start": 560}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "answer": {"text": "Hammill's split with the group was amicable, and Banton, Jackson, and Evans, among others, all contributed to his solo work at various times.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the group split up?", "answer": {"text": "By 1975, the members of the band were ready to work with each other again, and they decided to reform the band.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b5b146e7f2a4af38f3882cef27d6fba_1_q#3", "question": "Did their new album do good?", "rewrite": "Did Van der Graaf Generator's new album do good?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Guy Evans Guy Randolph Evans (born 17 June 1947, Birmingham) is an English drummer, percussionist and composer. He is a member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Whilst at the University of Warwick (1965\u201368), Evans played in the university band which was called The New Economic Model. The band, which mainly played American soul music of the 1960s, played at all the university dances and supported bands such as Pink Floyd and The Move. There is a picture of Evans with the rest of the New Economic Model in \"Van der Graaf Generator \u2013 The Book\". Evans has been a member of Van der Graaf Generator from 1968 until 1978, and since their reformation in 2005. In addition to his work in Van der Graaf Generator, Evans has collaborated with other musicians, frequently with other (ex-) members of Van der Graaf Generator, as on \"The Long Hello\" project and in the K Group. He also works with a group called Echo City constructing \"sonic playgrounds\", outdoor constructions which can be used to make music, many for disabled children. Evans also worked for a number of years at Shape Arts in an administrative role and as a workshop leader. He has been the drummer in Subterraneans since 2002. With Van der Graaf Generator: With The Misunderstood:  With Echo City", "Peter Hammill Peter Joseph Andrew Hammill (born 5 November 1948) is an English singer-songwriter. He is a founder member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Best known as a singer, he also plays guitar and piano. He also acts as a record producer for his own recordings and occasionally for other artists. In 2012, he was recognised with the Visionary award at the first Progressive Music Awards. Peter Hammill was born in Ealing, west London, and moved with his family to Derby when he was 12. He attended Beaumont College and Manchester University, where he studied Liberal Studies in Science. Hammill has stated that his grandfather was originally from Pakistan. Hammill's solo career has coexisted with Van der Graaf Generator's activities. The band was offered a contract by Mercury Records in 1968, that only Hammill signed. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up in 1969 he wanted to record his first solo album. In the summer of 1969 Hammill had a residency at The Lyceum and played weekly solo concerts there. Eventually the intended solo album was released under the Van der Graaf Generator banner as their first album (\"The Aerosol Grey Machine\"). Hammill's first real solo album was \"Fool's Mate\" (1971), containing songs from the early (1967/68) Van der Graaf Generator days. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up again in August 1972, Hammill resumed his solo career. Songs that were intended for Van der Graaf Generator now ended up on his solo albums, notably \"Black Room\" (on \"Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night\") and \"A Louse Is Not a Home\" (on \"The Silent Corner and the Empty Stage\").", "Fool's Mate (album) Fool's Mate is the debut solo album by Peter Hammill of progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. The title is both a chess and tarot reference. It was produced by Trident Studios' in-house producer John Anthony. The album was recorded in 1971, in the midst of one of Van der Graaf Generator's most prolific periods. Hammill used the album to record a backlog of songs which were much shorter and simpler than his Van der Graaf Generator material, and declared on the original album sleeve: \"This isn't intended to be any kind of statement of my present musical position, but at the same time, it is an album which involves a great deal of me, the person, basically a return to the roots.\" Guest musicians on the album included the members of Van der Graaf Generator, members of his label mates Lindisfarne, and guitarist Robert Fripp. The UK music press was generally very positive about \"Fool's Mate\". Melody Maker saw it as \"one of THE albums of the year\". The cover was designed by Paul Whitehead who at the time was the favourite cover artist for Van der Graaf Generator and fellow Charisma band Genesis. \"Fool's Mate\" includes one of Hammill's most celebrated love songs, \"Vision\", which he still performs in concert. Both \"Vision\" and \"The Birds\" were re-worked for Hammill's 1984 album \"The Love Songs\". In 2005 \"Fool's Mate\" was issued in remastered form by EMI Virgin Records, supplemented with bonus demo recordings of several songs. All tracks composed by Peter Hammill; except where indicated   Bonus tracks on 2005 reissue:", "Vital (Van der Graaf Generator album) Vital: Van der Graaf Live is the first live album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was recorded 16 January 1978 at the Marquee Club in London and was released in July, one month after the band's 1978 break-up. The album (on vinyl and, later, on CD) was credited under the abbreviated name Van der Graaf, like the previous year's \"The Quiet Zone/The Pleasure Dome\" (1977), and featured the same line-up plus newcomer cellist Charles Dickie, who had officially joined the band in August 1977, and original saxophonist and flautist David Jackson, who re-joined the band for this recording. The album is noted for its sometimes radical reworking of the older material. Although Van der Graaf Generator were seldom less than intense on stage, the 1977 and 1978 tours were remarkable for their ferocity. The absence of Hugh Banton, whose organ work was a hallmark of the group's sound before his departure in 1976, as well as frontman Peter Hammill's increased duties as a rhythm guitarist, account for much of this. Van der Graaf Generator, in their 'Van der Graaf' incarnation, debuted on 20 February 1977 at the Roundhouse in London. After a European tour with Charisma Records labelmates Hawkwind and a concert at Brunel University on 25 March, the band spent a month recording their next album, \" The Quiet Zone/ The Pleasure Dome\", at the Foel, Rockfield, and Morgan recording studios. Following two concerts in Ibiza, cellist Charles Dickie was added to the line-up in August. Dickie debuted with Van der Graaf in September at the Schee\u00dfel festival.", "Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night  Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night was the second solo album by British singer-songwriter Peter Hammill. It followed in the aftermath of the breakup of Hammill's band Van der Graaf Generator, although (as with many of Hammill's \"solo\" albums from this period) the other members of Van der Graaf Generator all perform on the album, blurring the distinction between solo and group work. The album was produced by John Anthony at Rockfield Studios, Wales, for the first time using pre-recorded parts done by Peter Hammill in his home studio in Worth. For final mixing the then much better equipped Trident Studios were used. The album was released in May 1973 on Charisma Records. Some of the songs (\"German Overalls\" and \"In the End\") relate to Van der Graaf Generator's decision to split, following an exhausting, demoralising and poverty-stricken experience of being a touring rock band. \"German Overalls\" even name-checks bandmates Hugh Banton and David Jackson. Hammill has continued to perform \"Easy to Slip Away\" in concert to the present day. The song relates to him losing touch with student housemates Mike and actress Susan Penhaligon (who were also namechecked in the Van der Graaf Generator song \"Refugees\"). The complex and atmospheric \"(In the) Black Room/The Tower\" was originally planned for inclusion on Van der Graaf Generator's album following \"Pawn Hearts\", an album that because of the band's split never came to be. It features all of Van der Graaf Generator's ex-members up to that point, excluding Chris Judge Smith and Keith Ellis. Another recording of it is included on \"Time Vaults\"."], "answer": {"text": "Still Life followed on 15 April 1976. Banton considers this album one of his favourites by the group.", "answer_start": 1031}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "answer": {"text": "Hammill's split with the group was amicable, and Banton, Jackson, and Evans, among others, all contributed to his solo work at various times.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the group split up?", "answer": {"text": "By 1975, the members of the band were ready to work with each other again, and they decided to reform the band.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they play their first show upon reuniting?", "answer": {"text": "The reformed band worked at a prolific pace, rehearsing, and touring France before recording three new albums in just 12 months, beginning with Godbluff (October 1975).", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b5b146e7f2a4af38f3882cef27d6fba_1_q#4", "question": "What are they doing now?", "rewrite": "What are Van der Graaf Generator doing now?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night  Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night was the second solo album by British singer-songwriter Peter Hammill. It followed in the aftermath of the breakup of Hammill's band Van der Graaf Generator, although (as with many of Hammill's \"solo\" albums from this period) the other members of Van der Graaf Generator all perform on the album, blurring the distinction between solo and group work. The album was produced by John Anthony at Rockfield Studios, Wales, for the first time using pre-recorded parts done by Peter Hammill in his home studio in Worth. For final mixing the then much better equipped Trident Studios were used. The album was released in May 1973 on Charisma Records. Some of the songs (\"German Overalls\" and \"In the End\") relate to Van der Graaf Generator's decision to split, following an exhausting, demoralising and poverty-stricken experience of being a touring rock band. \"German Overalls\" even name-checks bandmates Hugh Banton and David Jackson. Hammill has continued to perform \"Easy to Slip Away\" in concert to the present day. The song relates to him losing touch with student housemates Mike and actress Susan Penhaligon (who were also namechecked in the Van der Graaf Generator song \"Refugees\"). The complex and atmospheric \"(In the) Black Room/The Tower\" was originally planned for inclusion on Van der Graaf Generator's album following \"Pawn Hearts\", an album that because of the band's split never came to be. It features all of Van der Graaf Generator's ex-members up to that point, excluding Chris Judge Smith and Keith Ellis. Another recording of it is included on \"Time Vaults\".", "Guy Evans Guy Randolph Evans (born 17 June 1947, Birmingham) is an English drummer, percussionist and composer. He is a member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Whilst at the University of Warwick (1965\u201368), Evans played in the university band which was called The New Economic Model. The band, which mainly played American soul music of the 1960s, played at all the university dances and supported bands such as Pink Floyd and The Move. There is a picture of Evans with the rest of the New Economic Model in \"Van der Graaf Generator \u2013 The Book\". Evans has been a member of Van der Graaf Generator from 1968 until 1978, and since their reformation in 2005. In addition to his work in Van der Graaf Generator, Evans has collaborated with other musicians, frequently with other (ex-) members of Van der Graaf Generator, as on \"The Long Hello\" project and in the K Group. He also works with a group called Echo City constructing \"sonic playgrounds\", outdoor constructions which can be used to make music, many for disabled children. Evans also worked for a number of years at Shape Arts in an administrative role and as a workshop leader. He has been the drummer in Subterraneans since 2002. With Van der Graaf Generator: With The Misunderstood:  With Echo City", "Peter Hammill Peter Joseph Andrew Hammill (born 5 November 1948) is an English singer-songwriter. He is a founder member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Best known as a singer, he also plays guitar and piano. He also acts as a record producer for his own recordings and occasionally for other artists. In 2012, he was recognised with the Visionary award at the first Progressive Music Awards. Peter Hammill was born in Ealing, west London, and moved with his family to Derby when he was 12. He attended Beaumont College and Manchester University, where he studied Liberal Studies in Science. Hammill has stated that his grandfather was originally from Pakistan. Hammill's solo career has coexisted with Van der Graaf Generator's activities. The band was offered a contract by Mercury Records in 1968, that only Hammill signed. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up in 1969 he wanted to record his first solo album. In the summer of 1969 Hammill had a residency at The Lyceum and played weekly solo concerts there. Eventually the intended solo album was released under the Van der Graaf Generator banner as their first album (\"The Aerosol Grey Machine\"). Hammill's first real solo album was \"Fool's Mate\" (1971), containing songs from the early (1967/68) Van der Graaf Generator days. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up again in August 1972, Hammill resumed his solo career. Songs that were intended for Van der Graaf Generator now ended up on his solo albums, notably \"Black Room\" (on \"Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night\") and \"A Louse Is Not a Home\" (on \"The Silent Corner and the Empty Stage\").", "Vital (Van der Graaf Generator album) Vital: Van der Graaf Live is the first live album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was recorded 16 January 1978 at the Marquee Club in London and was released in July, one month after the band's 1978 break-up. The album (on vinyl and, later, on CD) was credited under the abbreviated name Van der Graaf, like the previous year's \"The Quiet Zone/The Pleasure Dome\" (1977), and featured the same line-up plus newcomer cellist Charles Dickie, who had officially joined the band in August 1977, and original saxophonist and flautist David Jackson, who re-joined the band for this recording. The album is noted for its sometimes radical reworking of the older material. Although Van der Graaf Generator were seldom less than intense on stage, the 1977 and 1978 tours were remarkable for their ferocity. The absence of Hugh Banton, whose organ work was a hallmark of the group's sound before his departure in 1976, as well as frontman Peter Hammill's increased duties as a rhythm guitarist, account for much of this. Van der Graaf Generator, in their 'Van der Graaf' incarnation, debuted on 20 February 1977 at the Roundhouse in London. After a European tour with Charisma Records labelmates Hawkwind and a concert at Brunel University on 25 March, the band spent a month recording their next album, \" The Quiet Zone/ The Pleasure Dome\", at the Foel, Rockfield, and Morgan recording studios. Following two concerts in Ibiza, cellist Charles Dickie was added to the line-up in August. Dickie debuted with Van der Graaf in September at the Schee\u00dfel festival.", "Judge Smith Christopher John Judge Smith (born July 1948), is an English songwriter, author, composer and performer, and a founder member of progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Initially working under the name Chris Judge Smith, he has been known simply as Judge Smith since 1994. After Van der Graaf Generator, he has written songs, stage musicals and operas, and from the early 1990s on he has released a number of solo CDs, including three \"Songstories\". In 1967, with Peter Hammill, Judge Smith founded the band Van der Graaf Generator. He was originally a singing drummer and percussionist (sometimes playing a typewriter), but after drummer Guy Evans joined the band, Smith realized that there wasn't a great deal left for him to do, since his role was reduced to being a harmony singer. After recording the first Van der Graaf Generator-single (\"People You Were Going To\" b/w \"Firebrand\"), Smith amicably left the band in 1968. He went on to form a jazz-rock band called Heebalob, which included saxophonist David Jackson, who would later join Van der Graaf Generator. After the demise of Heebalob, Smith pursued a solo career, and wrote and recorded many songs, some of which appeared on his (currently unavailable) first solo album \"Democrazy\" (1991). Smith also wrote several stage musicals as lyricist with composer Maxwell Hutchinson. These included \"The Kibbo Kift\" (produced at the Traverse Theatre for the Edinburgh Festival of 1976 and at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield the following year) and \"The Ascent Of Wilberforce III\" (subtitled \"The White Hell of Iffish Odorabad\", and produced at the Traverse Theatre, in 1981, and at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, London in 1982)."], "answer": {"text": "In 1982 a collection of out-takes and rehearsal recordings from the 1972-1975 hiatus was released (initially on cassette only), called Time Vaults.", "answer_start": 1156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "answer": {"text": "Hammill's split with the group was amicable, and Banton, Jackson, and Evans, among others, all contributed to his solo work at various times.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the group split up?", "answer": {"text": "By 1975, the members of the band were ready to work with each other again, and they decided to reform the band.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they play their first show upon reuniting?", "answer": {"text": "The reformed band worked at a prolific pace, rehearsing, and touring France before recording three new albums in just 12 months, beginning with Godbluff (October 1975).", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did their new album do good?", "answer": {"text": "Still Life followed on 15 April 1976. Banton considers this album one of his favourites by the group.", "answer_start": 1031, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b5b146e7f2a4af38f3882cef27d6fba_1_q#5", "question": "What else interesting can you tell me?", "rewrite": "Aside from Van der Graaf Generator's reunion story, is there else interesting can you tell me about the band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night  Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night was the second solo album by British singer-songwriter Peter Hammill. It followed in the aftermath of the breakup of Hammill's band Van der Graaf Generator, although (as with many of Hammill's \"solo\" albums from this period) the other members of Van der Graaf Generator all perform on the album, blurring the distinction between solo and group work. The album was produced by John Anthony at Rockfield Studios, Wales, for the first time using pre-recorded parts done by Peter Hammill in his home studio in Worth. For final mixing the then much better equipped Trident Studios were used. The album was released in May 1973 on Charisma Records. Some of the songs (\"German Overalls\" and \"In the End\") relate to Van der Graaf Generator's decision to split, following an exhausting, demoralising and poverty-stricken experience of being a touring rock band. \"German Overalls\" even name-checks bandmates Hugh Banton and David Jackson. Hammill has continued to perform \"Easy to Slip Away\" in concert to the present day. The song relates to him losing touch with student housemates Mike and actress Susan Penhaligon (who were also namechecked in the Van der Graaf Generator song \"Refugees\"). The complex and atmospheric \"(In the) Black Room/The Tower\" was originally planned for inclusion on Van der Graaf Generator's album following \"Pawn Hearts\", an album that because of the band's split never came to be. It features all of Van der Graaf Generator's ex-members up to that point, excluding Chris Judge Smith and Keith Ellis. Another recording of it is included on \"Time Vaults\".", "Judge Smith Christopher John Judge Smith (born July 1948), is an English songwriter, author, composer and performer, and a founder member of progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Initially working under the name Chris Judge Smith, he has been known simply as Judge Smith since 1994. After Van der Graaf Generator, he has written songs, stage musicals and operas, and from the early 1990s on he has released a number of solo CDs, including three \"Songstories\". In 1967, with Peter Hammill, Judge Smith founded the band Van der Graaf Generator. He was originally a singing drummer and percussionist (sometimes playing a typewriter), but after drummer Guy Evans joined the band, Smith realized that there wasn't a great deal left for him to do, since his role was reduced to being a harmony singer. After recording the first Van der Graaf Generator-single (\"People You Were Going To\" b/w \"Firebrand\"), Smith amicably left the band in 1968. He went on to form a jazz-rock band called Heebalob, which included saxophonist David Jackson, who would later join Van der Graaf Generator. After the demise of Heebalob, Smith pursued a solo career, and wrote and recorded many songs, some of which appeared on his (currently unavailable) first solo album \"Democrazy\" (1991). Smith also wrote several stage musicals as lyricist with composer Maxwell Hutchinson. These included \"The Kibbo Kift\" (produced at the Traverse Theatre for the Edinburgh Festival of 1976 and at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield the following year) and \"The Ascent Of Wilberforce III\" (subtitled \"The White Hell of Iffish Odorabad\", and produced at the Traverse Theatre, in 1981, and at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith, London in 1982).", "Guy Evans Guy Randolph Evans (born 17 June 1947, Birmingham) is an English drummer, percussionist and composer. He is a member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Whilst at the University of Warwick (1965\u201368), Evans played in the university band which was called The New Economic Model. The band, which mainly played American soul music of the 1960s, played at all the university dances and supported bands such as Pink Floyd and The Move. There is a picture of Evans with the rest of the New Economic Model in \"Van der Graaf Generator \u2013 The Book\". Evans has been a member of Van der Graaf Generator from 1968 until 1978, and since their reformation in 2005. In addition to his work in Van der Graaf Generator, Evans has collaborated with other musicians, frequently with other (ex-) members of Van der Graaf Generator, as on \"The Long Hello\" project and in the K Group. He also works with a group called Echo City constructing \"sonic playgrounds\", outdoor constructions which can be used to make music, many for disabled children. Evans also worked for a number of years at Shape Arts in an administrative role and as a workshop leader. He has been the drummer in Subterraneans since 2002. With Van der Graaf Generator: With The Misunderstood:  With Echo City", "Peter Hammill Peter Joseph Andrew Hammill (born 5 November 1948) is an English singer-songwriter. He is a founder member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Best known as a singer, he also plays guitar and piano. He also acts as a record producer for his own recordings and occasionally for other artists. In 2012, he was recognised with the Visionary award at the first Progressive Music Awards. Peter Hammill was born in Ealing, west London, and moved with his family to Derby when he was 12. He attended Beaumont College and Manchester University, where he studied Liberal Studies in Science. Hammill has stated that his grandfather was originally from Pakistan. Hammill's solo career has coexisted with Van der Graaf Generator's activities. The band was offered a contract by Mercury Records in 1968, that only Hammill signed. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up in 1969 he wanted to record his first solo album. In the summer of 1969 Hammill had a residency at The Lyceum and played weekly solo concerts there. Eventually the intended solo album was released under the Van der Graaf Generator banner as their first album (\"The Aerosol Grey Machine\"). Hammill's first real solo album was \"Fool's Mate\" (1971), containing songs from the early (1967/68) Van der Graaf Generator days. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up again in August 1972, Hammill resumed his solo career. Songs that were intended for Van der Graaf Generator now ended up on his solo albums, notably \"Black Room\" (on \"Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night\") and \"A Louse Is Not a Home\" (on \"The Silent Corner and the Empty Stage\").", "Vital (Van der Graaf Generator album) Vital: Van der Graaf Live is the first live album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was recorded 16 January 1978 at the Marquee Club in London and was released in July, one month after the band's 1978 break-up. The album (on vinyl and, later, on CD) was credited under the abbreviated name Van der Graaf, like the previous year's \"The Quiet Zone/The Pleasure Dome\" (1977), and featured the same line-up plus newcomer cellist Charles Dickie, who had officially joined the band in August 1977, and original saxophonist and flautist David Jackson, who re-joined the band for this recording. The album is noted for its sometimes radical reworking of the older material. Although Van der Graaf Generator were seldom less than intense on stage, the 1977 and 1978 tours were remarkable for their ferocity. The absence of Hugh Banton, whose organ work was a hallmark of the group's sound before his departure in 1976, as well as frontman Peter Hammill's increased duties as a rhythm guitarist, account for much of this. Van der Graaf Generator, in their 'Van der Graaf' incarnation, debuted on 20 February 1977 at the Roundhouse in London. After a European tour with Charisma Records labelmates Hawkwind and a concert at Brunel University on 25 March, the band spent a month recording their next album, \" The Quiet Zone/ The Pleasure Dome\", at the Foel, Rockfield, and Morgan recording studios. Following two concerts in Ibiza, cellist Charles Dickie was added to the line-up in August. Dickie debuted with Van der Graaf in September at the Schee\u00dfel festival."], "answer": {"text": "). The band also shortened its name to Van der Graaf. Charles Dickie then joined the band on cello,", "answer_start": 808}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "answer": {"text": "Hammill's split with the group was amicable, and Banton, Jackson, and Evans, among others, all contributed to his solo work at various times.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the group split up?", "answer": {"text": "By 1975, the members of the band were ready to work with each other again, and they decided to reform the band.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they play their first show upon reuniting?", "answer": {"text": "The reformed band worked at a prolific pace, rehearsing, and touring France before recording three new albums in just 12 months, beginning with Godbluff (October 1975).", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did their new album do good?", "answer": {"text": "Still Life followed on 15 April 1976. Banton considers this album one of his favourites by the group.", "answer_start": 1031, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are they doing now?", "answer": {"text": "In 1982 a collection of out-takes and rehearsal recordings from the 1972-1975 hiatus was released (initially on cassette only), called Time Vaults.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b5b146e7f2a4af38f3882cef27d6fba_1_q#6", "question": "Did they have any regrets about getting back together?", "rewrite": "Did the members of Van der Graaf Generator have any regrets about getting back together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vital (Van der Graaf Generator album) Vital: Van der Graaf Live is the first live album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was recorded 16 January 1978 at the Marquee Club in London and was released in July, one month after the band's 1978 break-up. The album (on vinyl and, later, on CD) was credited under the abbreviated name Van der Graaf, like the previous year's \"The Quiet Zone/The Pleasure Dome\" (1977), and featured the same line-up plus newcomer cellist Charles Dickie, who had officially joined the band in August 1977, and original saxophonist and flautist David Jackson, who re-joined the band for this recording. The album is noted for its sometimes radical reworking of the older material. Although Van der Graaf Generator were seldom less than intense on stage, the 1977 and 1978 tours were remarkable for their ferocity. The absence of Hugh Banton, whose organ work was a hallmark of the group's sound before his departure in 1976, as well as frontman Peter Hammill's increased duties as a rhythm guitarist, account for much of this. Van der Graaf Generator, in their 'Van der Graaf' incarnation, debuted on 20 February 1977 at the Roundhouse in London. After a European tour with Charisma Records labelmates Hawkwind and a concert at Brunel University on 25 March, the band spent a month recording their next album, \" The Quiet Zone/ The Pleasure Dome\", at the Foel, Rockfield, and Morgan recording studios. Following two concerts in Ibiza, cellist Charles Dickie was added to the line-up in August. Dickie debuted with Van der Graaf in September at the Schee\u00dfel festival.", "Fool's Mate (album) Fool's Mate is the debut solo album by Peter Hammill of progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. The title is both a chess and tarot reference. It was produced by Trident Studios' in-house producer John Anthony. The album was recorded in 1971, in the midst of one of Van der Graaf Generator's most prolific periods. Hammill used the album to record a backlog of songs which were much shorter and simpler than his Van der Graaf Generator material, and declared on the original album sleeve: \"This isn't intended to be any kind of statement of my present musical position, but at the same time, it is an album which involves a great deal of me, the person, basically a return to the roots.\" Guest musicians on the album included the members of Van der Graaf Generator, members of his label mates Lindisfarne, and guitarist Robert Fripp. The UK music press was generally very positive about \"Fool's Mate\". Melody Maker saw it as \"one of THE albums of the year\". The cover was designed by Paul Whitehead who at the time was the favourite cover artist for Van der Graaf Generator and fellow Charisma band Genesis. \"Fool's Mate\" includes one of Hammill's most celebrated love songs, \"Vision\", which he still performs in concert. Both \"Vision\" and \"The Birds\" were re-worked for Hammill's 1984 album \"The Love Songs\". In 2005 \"Fool's Mate\" was issued in remastered form by EMI Virgin Records, supplemented with bonus demo recordings of several songs. All tracks composed by Peter Hammill; except where indicated   Bonus tracks on 2005 reissue:", "Peter Hammill Peter Joseph Andrew Hammill (born 5 November 1948) is an English singer-songwriter. He is a founder member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Best known as a singer, he also plays guitar and piano. He also acts as a record producer for his own recordings and occasionally for other artists. In 2012, he was recognised with the Visionary award at the first Progressive Music Awards. Peter Hammill was born in Ealing, west London, and moved with his family to Derby when he was 12. He attended Beaumont College and Manchester University, where he studied Liberal Studies in Science. Hammill has stated that his grandfather was originally from Pakistan. Hammill's solo career has coexisted with Van der Graaf Generator's activities. The band was offered a contract by Mercury Records in 1968, that only Hammill signed. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up in 1969 he wanted to record his first solo album. In the summer of 1969 Hammill had a residency at The Lyceum and played weekly solo concerts there. Eventually the intended solo album was released under the Van der Graaf Generator banner as their first album (\"The Aerosol Grey Machine\"). Hammill's first real solo album was \"Fool's Mate\" (1971), containing songs from the early (1967/68) Van der Graaf Generator days. When Van der Graaf Generator broke up again in August 1972, Hammill resumed his solo career. Songs that were intended for Van der Graaf Generator now ended up on his solo albums, notably \"Black Room\" (on \"Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night\") and \"A Louse Is Not a Home\" (on \"The Silent Corner and the Empty Stage\").", "Guy Evans Guy Randolph Evans (born 17 June 1947, Birmingham) is an English drummer, percussionist and composer. He is a member of the progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. Whilst at the University of Warwick (1965\u201368), Evans played in the university band which was called The New Economic Model. The band, which mainly played American soul music of the 1960s, played at all the university dances and supported bands such as Pink Floyd and The Move. There is a picture of Evans with the rest of the New Economic Model in \"Van der Graaf Generator \u2013 The Book\". Evans has been a member of Van der Graaf Generator from 1968 until 1978, and since their reformation in 2005. In addition to his work in Van der Graaf Generator, Evans has collaborated with other musicians, frequently with other (ex-) members of Van der Graaf Generator, as on \"The Long Hello\" project and in the K Group. He also works with a group called Echo City constructing \"sonic playgrounds\", outdoor constructions which can be used to make music, many for disabled children. Evans also worked for a number of years at Shape Arts in an administrative role and as a workshop leader. He has been the drummer in Subterraneans since 2002. With Van der Graaf Generator: With The Misunderstood:  With Echo City", "Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night  Chameleon in the Shadow of the Night was the second solo album by British singer-songwriter Peter Hammill. It followed in the aftermath of the breakup of Hammill's band Van der Graaf Generator, although (as with many of Hammill's \"solo\" albums from this period) the other members of Van der Graaf Generator all perform on the album, blurring the distinction between solo and group work. The album was produced by John Anthony at Rockfield Studios, Wales, for the first time using pre-recorded parts done by Peter Hammill in his home studio in Worth. For final mixing the then much better equipped Trident Studios were used. The album was released in May 1973 on Charisma Records. Some of the songs (\"German Overalls\" and \"In the End\") relate to Van der Graaf Generator's decision to split, following an exhausting, demoralising and poverty-stricken experience of being a touring rock band. \"German Overalls\" even name-checks bandmates Hugh Banton and David Jackson. Hammill has continued to perform \"Easy to Slip Away\" in concert to the present day. The song relates to him losing touch with student housemates Mike and actress Susan Penhaligon (who were also namechecked in the Van der Graaf Generator song \"Refugees\"). The complex and atmospheric \"(In the) Black Room/The Tower\" was originally planned for inclusion on Van der Graaf Generator's album following \"Pawn Hearts\", an album that because of the band's split never came to be. It features all of Van der Graaf Generator's ex-members up to that point, excluding Chris Judge Smith and Keith Ellis. Another recording of it is included on \"Time Vaults\"."], "answer": {"text": "By the time Vital was released, in July 1978, the band had already split, because of lack of record company support in the United States and financial difficulties.", "answer_start": 991}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Van der Graaf Generator break-up?", "answer": {"text": "Hammill's split with the group was amicable, and Banton, Jackson, and Evans, among others, all contributed to his solo work at various times.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the group split up?", "answer": {"text": "By 1975, the members of the band were ready to work with each other again, and they decided to reform the band.", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they play their first show upon reuniting?", "answer": {"text": "The reformed band worked at a prolific pace, rehearsing, and touring France before recording three new albums in just 12 months, beginning with Godbluff (October 1975).", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did their new album do good?", "answer": {"text": "Still Life followed on 15 April 1976. Banton considers this album one of his favourites by the group.", "answer_start": 1031, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are they doing now?", "answer": {"text": "In 1982 a collection of out-takes and rehearsal recordings from the 1972-1975 hiatus was released (initially on cassette only), called Time Vaults.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else interesting can you tell me?", "answer": {"text": "). The band also shortened its name to Van der Graaf. Charles Dickie then joined the band on cello,", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#0", "question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "rewrite": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Ai Weiwei at Blenheim Palace\", which took place 1 October 2014 - 26 April 2015. It was the \"biggest UK retrospective to date\" by Chinese artist and social activist, Ai Weiwei, which presented more than 50 new and iconic artworks throughout the Palace and its grounds. Artworks ranged from photographs taken by Ai Weiwei while living in New York during the 1980s, to a 40m long carpet created specifically for display in the Great Hall, where a 17 ft glass chandelier was also hung. Also exhibited was a table formed from wood and reclaimed from temples dating to the Qing Dynasty (1644 -1911), intricately hand-painted porcelain plates, and \"Circle of Animals/ Zodiac Heads: Gold\", Ai Weiwei\u2019s reinterpretation of the legendary bronze zodiac head statues that once surrounded the fountain-clock at Emperor Yuanming Yuan\u2019s Beijing imperial retreat. Due to visitor figures, the exhibition \"Ai Weiwei at Blenheim Palace\" was extended for twice the planned duration, finally closing 26 April 2015. Critics focused on the fact that this was \"the most extensive exhibition of his work to be staged in this country\" and that Ai Weiwei, under house-arrest was never able to leave China to see the exhibition, which also marked the inauguration of Blenheim Art Foundation. Blenheim Art Foundation's second exhibition, \"Within A Realm Of Distance\", ran 10 October - 20 December 2015. The exhibition displayed works by American artist and founding figure of Conceptual Art, Lawrence Weiner, who has been using language as a sculptural medium throughout his fifty year career to make interventions into outdoor and indoor spaces. The exhibition included existing works by the artist, in addition to new site-specific works created especially for the Palace.", "Feng Boyi Feng Boyi (fl. c. 2000; Chinese name \u99ae\u535a\u4e00) is an eminent independent art curator and critic in China. He is normally in charge of museums or art collections for primarily contemporary Chinese art. He has worked several times with artist Ai Weiwei with publishing his journals illegally or working with him in exhibitions and has organized many controversial art exhibitions in China. He has been assistant editor of the China Artists' Association newsletter \"Artist's Communication\" since 1988. He has also edited and published numerous catalogues and papers on art and established the Artists' Alliance, a major online forum for contemporary art in China. Feng Boyi has been known to be an instigator to the up-and-coming contemporary art movement in Beijing, starting with publishing articles and journals from artists Ai Weiwei and Xu Bing. He was born in 1960 in Beijing, China, where he is still living today. During 1980 to 1984, he attended and graduated from Capital Normal University Department of History in Beijing. He took an interest in art and learning at the Central Academy of Fine Arts Department in Art History in 1991. \"Since the 1990s, Chinese contemporary art started to review, editing work and plans.\"   After his graduation in 1984, he was assigned to work as an editor of \"The Artists' Bulletin\", which was part of the Chinese Artists' Association. He also began working with Ai Weiwei and chose to be the editor of \"The Black Book (1994)\" and \"The White Book (1995)\", published by Ai Weiwei about contemporary art in China, and this publication was not only private, but illegal. It was kept secretive because it had Ai Weiwei's ideas and opinions about the government, which is why it was difficult to publish. These novels not only dealt with the topic of modern, contemporary art but also reflected the political ideas of Ai Weiwei.", "So Sorry\" shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police. 2011, video, 2h 22 m This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010. During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government.", "Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case Ai Weiwei The Fake Case is a 2013 documentary film about Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei, directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Johnsen. The film won Best 2014 Documentary in Danish Film Critics Association's 67th Bodil Awards, played in the official selection of 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. The documentary explores Ai Weiwei's battle against the fake tax case thrust on him by the Chinese government in effort of political suppression and the consequences that the 81-day detention had on his art, politics and personal life. It was pitched at the 2012 MeetMarket as part of the Sheffield Doc/Fest. \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" opens with scenes of Ai Weiwei being released from his 81-day detention spent in solitary confinement, and he is subsequently put on house arrest following gigantic and inexplicable charges of tax evasion, a case film's title references. He suffers from a sleeping disorder and memory loss, 18 cameras are monitoring his studio and home, police agents follow his every move, and heavy restrictions from the Kafkaesque Chinese authorities weigh him down. Ai Weiwei is visibly shaken, but during his year on probation he steadily finds new ways to provoke and challenge the mighty authoritarian regime in his fight for human rights and free expression. The film picks up where Alison Klayman's \"\" left off, but \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" is more explicitly political. The documentary also features creation of S.A.C.R.E.D., an artwork featuring sculpture dioramas of Ai's time in prison, which premiered during the 2013 Venice Biennale. The film received generally positive reviews, with \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" rated 94% Fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic's Metascore of the documentary is 74%.", "Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign was a series of political street art protest against the PRC government's secret detention of world famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei since 3 April 2011, organised by Hong Kong artists and art supporters. Various slogans calling for the immediate release of the artist such as \"Free Ai Weiwei\", and \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\" accompany stencilled images of Ai were applied onto pavements, pedestrian overpass, and building walls all over Hong Kong. \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) was a popular protest slogan because it is a pun on Ai's name. Chinese internet users posted many variations based on this theme. Posts for the internet campaign were removed relentlessly by state censors. Tangerine, a 22-year-old student artist, was the first Hong Kong artist using graffiti art to promote the awareness of Ai Weiwei among the island's population, by spray-painting Ai's image, with the slogan: \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\", onto street pavement and building wall using a stencil, resulting in Hong Kong police serious crime squad conducting a criminal damage investigation against her, thus turning her into an \"inadvertent counterculture icon. \" Tangerine's comment towards the police:  A group named Art Citizens (\u85dd\u8853\u516c\u6c11), formed by Hong Kong visual artist Kacey Wong, rallied some 2,000 people from the artistic community to march for Ai on 23 April. The group held a month-long exhibition that opened on 26 May named \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) showing works of over 50 artists."], "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#1", "question": "Were they able to pay this?", "rewrite": "Was Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. able to pay 12 million yuan in unpaid taxes and fines?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Xiangyun Town water resources abundant, vigorously develop small hydropower, existing hydropower station 12 seats, installed capacity of 5060 kilowatts, annual generation capacity of 15 million degrees. Shibawan industrial district, the introduction of a number of knitting, clothing, footwear industry based labor-intensive enterprises. By the end of 1998, the town's GDP of 9.9 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15.3%.177.16 million yuan output value of industry and agriculture, an increase of 15.8%, including 39.4 million yuan of the total output value of agriculture, an increase of 9.0%, industrial output 137.76 million yuan, 17.0% increase, total output value of township enterprises 209.94 million yuan, an increase of 18.8% and turned over to the 89.1 million yuan of business revenue, an increase of 18.8%, the town finance income 110 million yuan, which was an increase of 10%, farmers per capita net income 3200 yuan, an increase of 6.7%. Step on the street: every year in February will be held by the large folk custom foot street, time stretching for more than one thousand years of history. During the festive banquet seats: weddings, pay attention to Tuirang seats. The wedding feast, the first East West first push 'brother, mother's closest female statue, the first XI jin. The child, mother and baby Zhou Suiyan, the first statue and so on.  Hospitality: a guest to, go out to meet into the room, let sit cigarettes (smoke handed two),tea giving, then please dot small fried eggs, mushrooms, meat, eggs, line and plane, noodles, dry powder, and other content. Wash the soil: Villagers in transplanting end to wash soil.", "In June 2011, the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines, and accorded three days to appeal the demand in writing. According to Ai's wife, Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. has hired two Beijing lawyers as defense attorneys. Ai's family state that Ai is \"neither the chief executive nor the legal representative of the design company, which is registered in his wife's name.\" Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated on 4 November 2011, and close to 9 million RMB was collected within ten days, from 30,000 contributions. Notes were folded into paper planes and thrown over the studio walls, and donations were made in symbolic amounts such as 8964 (4 June 1989, Tiananmen Massacre) or 512 (12 May 2008, Sichuan earthquake). To thank creditors and acknowledge the contributions as loans, Ai designed and issued loan receipts to all who participated in the campaign. Funds raised from the campaign were used as collateral, required by law for an appeal on the tax case. Lawyers acting for Ai submitted an appeal against the fine in January 2012; the Chinese government subsequently agreed to conduct a review. In June 2012, the court heard the tax appeal case. Ai's wife, Lu Qing, the legal representative of the design company, attended the hearing. Lu was accompanied by several lawyers and an accountant, but the witnesses they had requested to testify, including Ai, were prevented from attending a court hearing. Ai asserts that the entire matter - including the 81 days he spent in jail in 2011 - is intended to suppress his provocations.", "Ai said he had no illusions as to how the case would turn out, as he believes the court will protect the government's own interests. On 20 June, hundreds of Ai's supporters gathered outside the Chaoyang District Court in Beijing despite a small army of police officers, some of whom videotaped the crowd and led several people away. On 20 July, Ai's tax appeal was rejected in court. The same day Ai's studio released \"The Fake Case\" which tracks the status and history of this case including a timeline and the release of official documents. On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine. Ai had previously deposited 1.33 million in a government-controlled account in order to appeal. Ai said he will not pay the remainder because he does not recognize the charge. In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration. The company was not able to complete this procedure as its materials and stamps were confiscated by the government.", "Taiking Life Insurance Co and China Guardian were both founded by Chen Dongsheng. In the past 23 years, China Guardian has successfully held more than 1,200 auctions, with a total sales volume of nearly 50 billion yuan. Nearly 450,000 items were sold at the China Guardian\u2019s auctions. Qianlong edition of LantingTu in silks and gold thread sold at the 2004 Spring Auctions for 35.75 million yuan (USD $5.14 million). Vase painted with patterns of eight immortals crossing the sea made from period of Qianlong Emperor of Qing Dynasty sold at the 2006 Spring Auctions for 35.75 million yuan (USD $5.14 million). Ping\u2019an Tie by ancient Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi sold at the 2010 Autumn Auctions, transaction price: 308 million yuan (USD 46.60 million). Ming Dynasty framed bed made in Huanghuali wood with six horseshoe legs and cloud clusters patterns sold at the 2010 Autumn Auctions for transaction price 43.12 million yuan (USD $6.21 million). Fuxi-style Chinese zither from Tang Dynasty sold at the 2011 Spring Auctions for 115 million yuan (USD $16.55 million). Qi Baishi\u2019s Pine and Cypress sold at the 2011 Spring Auctions for transaction price for 425.5 million yuan (USD $61.23 million). In October 2012, Album of Mountains and Rivers by Qi Baishi sold for almost USD$6 million in China Guardian's Hong Kong auction. Jin Shangyi\u2019s Tajik Bride sold at the 2013 Autumn Auctions for 85.1 million yuan (USD $12.25 million). China Guardian's 2015 Spring Auction sold USD$301.2 million worth of art.", "On 22 June 2011, the Chinese authorities released Ai from jail after almost three months' detention on charges of tax evasion. Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. (Chinese: Bei Jing Fa Ke Wen Hua Gong Si ), a company Ai controlled, had allegedly evaded taxes and intentionally destroyed accounting documents. State media also reports that Ai was granted bail on account of Ai's \"good attitude in confessing his crimes\", willingness to pay back taxes, and his chronic illnesses. According to the Chinese Foreign Ministry, he is prohibited from leaving Beijing without permission for one year. Ai's supporters widely viewed his detention as retaliation for his vocal criticism of the government. On 23 June 2011, professor Wang Yujin of China University of Political Science and Law stated that the release of Ai on bail shows that the Chinese government could not find any solid evidence of Ai's alleged \"economic crime\". On 24 June 2011, Ai told a Radio Free Asia reporter that he was thankful for the support of the Hong Kong public, and praised Hong Kong's conscious society. Ai also mentioned that his detention by the Chinese regime was hellish (Chinese: Jiu Si Yi Sheng ), and stressed that he is forbidden to say too much to reporters. After his release, his sister gave some details about his detention condition to the press, explaining that he was subjected to a kind of psychological torture: he was detained in a tiny room with constant light, and two guards were set very close to him at all times, and watched him constantly. In November, Chinese authorities were again investigating Ai and his associates, this time under the charge of spreading pornography. Lu was subsequently questioned by police, and released after several hours though the exact charges remain unclear. In January 2012, in its International Review issue Art in America magazine featured an interview with Ai Weiwei at his home in China."], "answer": {"text": "Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated", "answer_start": 503}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#2", "question": "Were all the charges of the case dropped?", "rewrite": "Were all the charges of the Ai Weiwei tax case dropped?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign was a series of political street art protest against the PRC government's secret detention of world famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei since 3 April 2011, organised by Hong Kong artists and art supporters. Various slogans calling for the immediate release of the artist such as \"Free Ai Weiwei\", and \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\" accompany stencilled images of Ai were applied onto pavements, pedestrian overpass, and building walls all over Hong Kong. \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) was a popular protest slogan because it is a pun on Ai's name. Chinese internet users posted many variations based on this theme. Posts for the internet campaign were removed relentlessly by state censors. Tangerine, a 22-year-old student artist, was the first Hong Kong artist using graffiti art to promote the awareness of Ai Weiwei among the island's population, by spray-painting Ai's image, with the slogan: \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\", onto street pavement and building wall using a stencil, resulting in Hong Kong police serious crime squad conducting a criminal damage investigation against her, thus turning her into an \"inadvertent counterculture icon. \" Tangerine's comment towards the police:  A group named Art Citizens (\u85dd\u8853\u516c\u6c11), formed by Hong Kong visual artist Kacey Wong, rallied some 2,000 people from the artistic community to march for Ai on 23 April. The group held a month-long exhibition that opened on 26 May named \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) showing works of over 50 artists.", "The film crew was followed, sometimes physically stopped from shooting certain scenes and there were even attempts to buy off footage. All villagers interviewed for the purposes of this documentary have been interrogated or illegally detained by local government to some extent. 2011, video, 1h 1m Early in 2008, the district government of Jiading, Shanghai invited Ai Weiwei to build a studio in Malu Township, as a part of the local government's efforts in developing its cultural assets. By August 2010, the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio completed all of its construction work. In October 2010, the Shanghai government declared the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio an illegal construction, and was subjected to demolition. On 7 November 2010, when Ai Weiwei was placed under house arrest by public security in Beijing, over 1,000 netizens attended the \"River Crab Feast\" at the Shanghai Studio. On 11 January 2011, the Shanghai city government forcibly demolished the Ai Weiwei Studio within a day, without any prior notice. 2013, video, 1h 17m This video tells the story of Liu Ximei, who at her birth in 1985 was given to relatives to be raised because she was born in violation of China's strict one-child policy. When she was ten years old, Liu was severely injured while working in the fields and lost large amounts of blood. While undergoing treatment at a local hospital, she was given a blood transfusion that was later revealed to be contaminated with HIV. Following this exposure to the virus, Liu contracted AIDS. According to official statistics, in 2001 there were 850,000 AIDS sufferers in China, many of whom contracted the illness in the 1980s and 1990s as the result of a widespread plasma market operating in rural, impoverished areas and using unsafe collection methods. 2014, video, 2h 8 m \"Ai Weiwei's Appeal \u00a5", "Feng Boyi Feng Boyi (fl. c. 2000; Chinese name \u99ae\u535a\u4e00) is an eminent independent art curator and critic in China. He is normally in charge of museums or art collections for primarily contemporary Chinese art. He has worked several times with artist Ai Weiwei with publishing his journals illegally or working with him in exhibitions and has organized many controversial art exhibitions in China. He has been assistant editor of the China Artists' Association newsletter \"Artist's Communication\" since 1988. He has also edited and published numerous catalogues and papers on art and established the Artists' Alliance, a major online forum for contemporary art in China. Feng Boyi has been known to be an instigator to the up-and-coming contemporary art movement in Beijing, starting with publishing articles and journals from artists Ai Weiwei and Xu Bing. He was born in 1960 in Beijing, China, where he is still living today. During 1980 to 1984, he attended and graduated from Capital Normal University Department of History in Beijing. He took an interest in art and learning at the Central Academy of Fine Arts Department in Art History in 1991. \"Since the 1990s, Chinese contemporary art started to review, editing work and plans.\"   After his graduation in 1984, he was assigned to work as an editor of \"The Artists' Bulletin\", which was part of the Chinese Artists' Association. He also began working with Ai Weiwei and chose to be the editor of \"The Black Book (1994)\" and \"The White Book (1995)\", published by Ai Weiwei about contemporary art in China, and this publication was not only private, but illegal. It was kept secretive because it had Ai Weiwei's ideas and opinions about the government, which is why it was difficult to publish. These novels not only dealt with the topic of modern, contemporary art but also reflected the political ideas of Ai Weiwei.", "So Sorry\" shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police. 2011, video, 2h 22 m This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010. During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government.", "Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case Ai Weiwei The Fake Case is a 2013 documentary film about Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei, directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Johnsen. The film won Best 2014 Documentary in Danish Film Critics Association's 67th Bodil Awards, played in the official selection of 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. The documentary explores Ai Weiwei's battle against the fake tax case thrust on him by the Chinese government in effort of political suppression and the consequences that the 81-day detention had on his art, politics and personal life. It was pitched at the 2012 MeetMarket as part of the Sheffield Doc/Fest. \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" opens with scenes of Ai Weiwei being released from his 81-day detention spent in solitary confinement, and he is subsequently put on house arrest following gigantic and inexplicable charges of tax evasion, a case film's title references. He suffers from a sleeping disorder and memory loss, 18 cameras are monitoring his studio and home, police agents follow his every move, and heavy restrictions from the Kafkaesque Chinese authorities weigh him down. Ai Weiwei is visibly shaken, but during his year on probation he steadily finds new ways to provoke and challenge the mighty authoritarian regime in his fight for human rights and free expression. The film picks up where Alison Klayman's \"\" left off, but \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" is more explicitly political. The documentary also features creation of S.A.C.R.E.D., an artwork featuring sculpture dioramas of Ai's time in prison, which premiered during the 2013 Venice Biennale. The film received generally positive reviews, with \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" rated 94% Fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic's Metascore of the documentary is 74%."], "answer": {"text": "On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine.", "answer_start": 543}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they able to pay this?", "answer": {"text": "Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated", "answer_start": 503, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#3", "question": "So what happened to WeiWei after that court decision?", "rewrite": "So what happened to Ai Weiwei after the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Feng Boyi Feng Boyi (fl. c. 2000; Chinese name \u99ae\u535a\u4e00) is an eminent independent art curator and critic in China. He is normally in charge of museums or art collections for primarily contemporary Chinese art. He has worked several times with artist Ai Weiwei with publishing his journals illegally or working with him in exhibitions and has organized many controversial art exhibitions in China. He has been assistant editor of the China Artists' Association newsletter \"Artist's Communication\" since 1988. He has also edited and published numerous catalogues and papers on art and established the Artists' Alliance, a major online forum for contemporary art in China. Feng Boyi has been known to be an instigator to the up-and-coming contemporary art movement in Beijing, starting with publishing articles and journals from artists Ai Weiwei and Xu Bing. He was born in 1960 in Beijing, China, where he is still living today. During 1980 to 1984, he attended and graduated from Capital Normal University Department of History in Beijing. He took an interest in art and learning at the Central Academy of Fine Arts Department in Art History in 1991. \"Since the 1990s, Chinese contemporary art started to review, editing work and plans.\"   After his graduation in 1984, he was assigned to work as an editor of \"The Artists' Bulletin\", which was part of the Chinese Artists' Association. He also began working with Ai Weiwei and chose to be the editor of \"The Black Book (1994)\" and \"The White Book (1995)\", published by Ai Weiwei about contemporary art in China, and this publication was not only private, but illegal. It was kept secretive because it had Ai Weiwei's ideas and opinions about the government, which is why it was difficult to publish. These novels not only dealt with the topic of modern, contemporary art but also reflected the political ideas of Ai Weiwei.", "So Sorry\" shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police. 2011, video, 2h 22 m This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010. During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government.", "Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign was a series of political street art protest against the PRC government's secret detention of world famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei since 3 April 2011, organised by Hong Kong artists and art supporters. Various slogans calling for the immediate release of the artist such as \"Free Ai Weiwei\", and \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\" accompany stencilled images of Ai were applied onto pavements, pedestrian overpass, and building walls all over Hong Kong. \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) was a popular protest slogan because it is a pun on Ai's name. Chinese internet users posted many variations based on this theme. Posts for the internet campaign were removed relentlessly by state censors. Tangerine, a 22-year-old student artist, was the first Hong Kong artist using graffiti art to promote the awareness of Ai Weiwei among the island's population, by spray-painting Ai's image, with the slogan: \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\", onto street pavement and building wall using a stencil, resulting in Hong Kong police serious crime squad conducting a criminal damage investigation against her, thus turning her into an \"inadvertent counterculture icon. \" Tangerine's comment towards the police:  A group named Art Citizens (\u85dd\u8853\u516c\u6c11), formed by Hong Kong visual artist Kacey Wong, rallied some 2,000 people from the artistic community to march for Ai on 23 April. The group held a month-long exhibition that opened on 26 May named \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) showing works of over 50 artists.", "Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case Ai Weiwei The Fake Case is a 2013 documentary film about Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei, directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Johnsen. The film won Best 2014 Documentary in Danish Film Critics Association's 67th Bodil Awards, played in the official selection of 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. The documentary explores Ai Weiwei's battle against the fake tax case thrust on him by the Chinese government in effort of political suppression and the consequences that the 81-day detention had on his art, politics and personal life. It was pitched at the 2012 MeetMarket as part of the Sheffield Doc/Fest. \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" opens with scenes of Ai Weiwei being released from his 81-day detention spent in solitary confinement, and he is subsequently put on house arrest following gigantic and inexplicable charges of tax evasion, a case film's title references. He suffers from a sleeping disorder and memory loss, 18 cameras are monitoring his studio and home, police agents follow his every move, and heavy restrictions from the Kafkaesque Chinese authorities weigh him down. Ai Weiwei is visibly shaken, but during his year on probation he steadily finds new ways to provoke and challenge the mighty authoritarian regime in his fight for human rights and free expression. The film picks up where Alison Klayman's \"\" left off, but \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" is more explicitly political. The documentary also features creation of S.A.C.R.E.D., an artwork featuring sculpture dioramas of Ai's time in prison, which premiered during the 2013 Venice Biennale. The film received generally positive reviews, with \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" rated 94% Fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic's Metascore of the documentary is 74%.", "Ai said he had no illusions as to how the case would turn out, as he believes the court will protect the government's own interests. On 20 June, hundreds of Ai's supporters gathered outside the Chaoyang District Court in Beijing despite a small army of police officers, some of whom videotaped the crowd and led several people away. On 20 July, Ai's tax appeal was rejected in court. The same day Ai's studio released \"The Fake Case\" which tracks the status and history of this case including a timeline and the release of official documents. On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine. Ai had previously deposited 1.33 million in a government-controlled account in order to appeal. Ai said he will not pay the remainder because he does not recognize the charge. In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration. The company was not able to complete this procedure as its materials and stamps were confiscated by the government."], "answer": {"text": "In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration.", "answer_start": 787}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they able to pay this?", "answer": {"text": "Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated", "answer_start": 503, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were all the charges of the case dropped?", "answer": {"text": "On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#4", "question": "Did he fight the decision with any repeals?", "rewrite": "Did Ai Weiwei fight the decision to uphold the 2.4 million tax evasion fine with any repeals?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Feng Boyi Feng Boyi (fl. c. 2000; Chinese name \u99ae\u535a\u4e00) is an eminent independent art curator and critic in China. He is normally in charge of museums or art collections for primarily contemporary Chinese art. He has worked several times with artist Ai Weiwei with publishing his journals illegally or working with him in exhibitions and has organized many controversial art exhibitions in China. He has been assistant editor of the China Artists' Association newsletter \"Artist's Communication\" since 1988. He has also edited and published numerous catalogues and papers on art and established the Artists' Alliance, a major online forum for contemporary art in China. Feng Boyi has been known to be an instigator to the up-and-coming contemporary art movement in Beijing, starting with publishing articles and journals from artists Ai Weiwei and Xu Bing. He was born in 1960 in Beijing, China, where he is still living today. During 1980 to 1984, he attended and graduated from Capital Normal University Department of History in Beijing. He took an interest in art and learning at the Central Academy of Fine Arts Department in Art History in 1991. \"Since the 1990s, Chinese contemporary art started to review, editing work and plans.\"   After his graduation in 1984, he was assigned to work as an editor of \"The Artists' Bulletin\", which was part of the Chinese Artists' Association. He also began working with Ai Weiwei and chose to be the editor of \"The Black Book (1994)\" and \"The White Book (1995)\", published by Ai Weiwei about contemporary art in China, and this publication was not only private, but illegal. It was kept secretive because it had Ai Weiwei's ideas and opinions about the government, which is why it was difficult to publish. These novels not only dealt with the topic of modern, contemporary art but also reflected the political ideas of Ai Weiwei.", "So Sorry\" shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police. 2011, video, 2h 22 m This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010. During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government.", "Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign was a series of political street art protest against the PRC government's secret detention of world famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei since 3 April 2011, organised by Hong Kong artists and art supporters. Various slogans calling for the immediate release of the artist such as \"Free Ai Weiwei\", and \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\" accompany stencilled images of Ai were applied onto pavements, pedestrian overpass, and building walls all over Hong Kong. \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) was a popular protest slogan because it is a pun on Ai's name. Chinese internet users posted many variations based on this theme. Posts for the internet campaign were removed relentlessly by state censors. Tangerine, a 22-year-old student artist, was the first Hong Kong artist using graffiti art to promote the awareness of Ai Weiwei among the island's population, by spray-painting Ai's image, with the slogan: \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\", onto street pavement and building wall using a stencil, resulting in Hong Kong police serious crime squad conducting a criminal damage investigation against her, thus turning her into an \"inadvertent counterculture icon. \" Tangerine's comment towards the police:  A group named Art Citizens (\u85dd\u8853\u516c\u6c11), formed by Hong Kong visual artist Kacey Wong, rallied some 2,000 people from the artistic community to march for Ai on 23 April. The group held a month-long exhibition that opened on 26 May named \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) showing works of over 50 artists.", "Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case Ai Weiwei The Fake Case is a 2013 documentary film about Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei, directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Johnsen. The film won Best 2014 Documentary in Danish Film Critics Association's 67th Bodil Awards, played in the official selection of 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. The documentary explores Ai Weiwei's battle against the fake tax case thrust on him by the Chinese government in effort of political suppression and the consequences that the 81-day detention had on his art, politics and personal life. It was pitched at the 2012 MeetMarket as part of the Sheffield Doc/Fest. \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" opens with scenes of Ai Weiwei being released from his 81-day detention spent in solitary confinement, and he is subsequently put on house arrest following gigantic and inexplicable charges of tax evasion, a case film's title references. He suffers from a sleeping disorder and memory loss, 18 cameras are monitoring his studio and home, police agents follow his every move, and heavy restrictions from the Kafkaesque Chinese authorities weigh him down. Ai Weiwei is visibly shaken, but during his year on probation he steadily finds new ways to provoke and challenge the mighty authoritarian regime in his fight for human rights and free expression. The film picks up where Alison Klayman's \"\" left off, but \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" is more explicitly political. The documentary also features creation of S.A.C.R.E.D., an artwork featuring sculpture dioramas of Ai's time in prison, which premiered during the 2013 Venice Biennale. The film received generally positive reviews, with \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" rated 94% Fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic's Metascore of the documentary is 74%.", "The film crew was followed, sometimes physically stopped from shooting certain scenes and there were even attempts to buy off footage. All villagers interviewed for the purposes of this documentary have been interrogated or illegally detained by local government to some extent. 2011, video, 1h 1m Early in 2008, the district government of Jiading, Shanghai invited Ai Weiwei to build a studio in Malu Township, as a part of the local government's efforts in developing its cultural assets. By August 2010, the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio completed all of its construction work. In October 2010, the Shanghai government declared the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio an illegal construction, and was subjected to demolition. On 7 November 2010, when Ai Weiwei was placed under house arrest by public security in Beijing, over 1,000 netizens attended the \"River Crab Feast\" at the Shanghai Studio. On 11 January 2011, the Shanghai city government forcibly demolished the Ai Weiwei Studio within a day, without any prior notice. 2013, video, 1h 17m This video tells the story of Liu Ximei, who at her birth in 1985 was given to relatives to be raised because she was born in violation of China's strict one-child policy. When she was ten years old, Liu was severely injured while working in the fields and lost large amounts of blood. While undergoing treatment at a local hospital, she was given a blood transfusion that was later revealed to be contaminated with HIV. Following this exposure to the virus, Liu contracted AIDS. According to official statistics, in 2001 there were 850,000 AIDS sufferers in China, many of whom contracted the illness in the 1980s and 1990s as the result of a widespread plasma market operating in rural, impoverished areas and using unsafe collection methods. 2014, video, 2h 8 m \"Ai Weiwei's Appeal \u00a5"], "answer": {"text": "The company was not able to complete this procedure as its materials and stamps were confiscated by the government.", "answer_start": 952}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they able to pay this?", "answer": {"text": "Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated", "answer_start": 503, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were all the charges of the case dropped?", "answer": {"text": "On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So what happened to WeiWei after that court decision?", "answer": {"text": "In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration.", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#5", "question": "Did WeiWei have any devoted followers during all this?", "rewrite": "Did Ai Weiwei have any devoted followers during the tax case?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case Ai Weiwei The Fake Case is a 2013 documentary film about Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei, directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Johnsen. The film won Best 2014 Documentary in Danish Film Critics Association's 67th Bodil Awards, played in the official selection of 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. The documentary explores Ai Weiwei's battle against the fake tax case thrust on him by the Chinese government in effort of political suppression and the consequences that the 81-day detention had on his art, politics and personal life. It was pitched at the 2012 MeetMarket as part of the Sheffield Doc/Fest. \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" opens with scenes of Ai Weiwei being released from his 81-day detention spent in solitary confinement, and he is subsequently put on house arrest following gigantic and inexplicable charges of tax evasion, a case film's title references. He suffers from a sleeping disorder and memory loss, 18 cameras are monitoring his studio and home, police agents follow his every move, and heavy restrictions from the Kafkaesque Chinese authorities weigh him down. Ai Weiwei is visibly shaken, but during his year on probation he steadily finds new ways to provoke and challenge the mighty authoritarian regime in his fight for human rights and free expression. The film picks up where Alison Klayman's \"\" left off, but \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" is more explicitly political. The documentary also features creation of S.A.C.R.E.D., an artwork featuring sculpture dioramas of Ai's time in prison, which premiered during the 2013 Venice Biennale. The film received generally positive reviews, with \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" rated 94% Fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic's Metascore of the documentary is 74%.", "Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign was a series of political street art protest against the PRC government's secret detention of world famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei since 3 April 2011, organised by Hong Kong artists and art supporters. Various slogans calling for the immediate release of the artist such as \"Free Ai Weiwei\", and \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\" accompany stencilled images of Ai were applied onto pavements, pedestrian overpass, and building walls all over Hong Kong. \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) was a popular protest slogan because it is a pun on Ai's name. Chinese internet users posted many variations based on this theme. Posts for the internet campaign were removed relentlessly by state censors. Tangerine, a 22-year-old student artist, was the first Hong Kong artist using graffiti art to promote the awareness of Ai Weiwei among the island's population, by spray-painting Ai's image, with the slogan: \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\", onto street pavement and building wall using a stencil, resulting in Hong Kong police serious crime squad conducting a criminal damage investigation against her, thus turning her into an \"inadvertent counterculture icon. \" Tangerine's comment towards the police:  A group named Art Citizens (\u85dd\u8853\u516c\u6c11), formed by Hong Kong visual artist Kacey Wong, rallied some 2,000 people from the artistic community to march for Ai on 23 April. The group held a month-long exhibition that opened on 26 May named \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) showing works of over 50 artists.", "\"Ai Weiwei at Blenheim Palace\", which took place 1 October 2014 - 26 April 2015. It was the \"biggest UK retrospective to date\" by Chinese artist and social activist, Ai Weiwei, which presented more than 50 new and iconic artworks throughout the Palace and its grounds. Artworks ranged from photographs taken by Ai Weiwei while living in New York during the 1980s, to a 40m long carpet created specifically for display in the Great Hall, where a 17 ft glass chandelier was also hung. Also exhibited was a table formed from wood and reclaimed from temples dating to the Qing Dynasty (1644 -1911), intricately hand-painted porcelain plates, and \"Circle of Animals/ Zodiac Heads: Gold\", Ai Weiwei\u2019s reinterpretation of the legendary bronze zodiac head statues that once surrounded the fountain-clock at Emperor Yuanming Yuan\u2019s Beijing imperial retreat. Due to visitor figures, the exhibition \"Ai Weiwei at Blenheim Palace\" was extended for twice the planned duration, finally closing 26 April 2015. Critics focused on the fact that this was \"the most extensive exhibition of his work to be staged in this country\" and that Ai Weiwei, under house-arrest was never able to leave China to see the exhibition, which also marked the inauguration of Blenheim Art Foundation. Blenheim Art Foundation's second exhibition, \"Within A Realm Of Distance\", ran 10 October - 20 December 2015. The exhibition displayed works by American artist and founding figure of Conceptual Art, Lawrence Weiner, who has been using language as a sculptural medium throughout his fifty year career to make interventions into outdoor and indoor spaces. The exhibition included existing works by the artist, in addition to new site-specific works created especially for the Palace.", "The film crew was followed, sometimes physically stopped from shooting certain scenes and there were even attempts to buy off footage. All villagers interviewed for the purposes of this documentary have been interrogated or illegally detained by local government to some extent. 2011, video, 1h 1m Early in 2008, the district government of Jiading, Shanghai invited Ai Weiwei to build a studio in Malu Township, as a part of the local government's efforts in developing its cultural assets. By August 2010, the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio completed all of its construction work. In October 2010, the Shanghai government declared the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio an illegal construction, and was subjected to demolition. On 7 November 2010, when Ai Weiwei was placed under house arrest by public security in Beijing, over 1,000 netizens attended the \"River Crab Feast\" at the Shanghai Studio. On 11 January 2011, the Shanghai city government forcibly demolished the Ai Weiwei Studio within a day, without any prior notice. 2013, video, 1h 17m This video tells the story of Liu Ximei, who at her birth in 1985 was given to relatives to be raised because she was born in violation of China's strict one-child policy. When she was ten years old, Liu was severely injured while working in the fields and lost large amounts of blood. While undergoing treatment at a local hospital, she was given a blood transfusion that was later revealed to be contaminated with HIV. Following this exposure to the virus, Liu contracted AIDS. According to official statistics, in 2001 there were 850,000 AIDS sufferers in China, many of whom contracted the illness in the 1980s and 1990s as the result of a widespread plasma market operating in rural, impoverished areas and using unsafe collection methods. 2014, video, 2h 8 m \"Ai Weiwei's Appeal \u00a5", "So Sorry\" shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police. 2011, video, 2h 22 m This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010. During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government."], "answer": {"text": "On 20 June, hundreds of Ai's supporters gathered outside the Chaoyang District Court in Beijing despite a small army of police officers,", "answer_start": 133}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they able to pay this?", "answer": {"text": "Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated", "answer_start": 503, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were all the charges of the case dropped?", "answer": {"text": "On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So what happened to WeiWei after that court decision?", "answer": {"text": "In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration.", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he fight the decision with any repeals?", "answer": {"text": "The company was not able to complete this procedure as its materials and stamps were confiscated by the government.", "answer_start": 952, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#6", "question": "What other aspects did you find interesting from this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the Ai Weiwei tax case, what other aspects did you find interesting from this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign was a series of political street art protest against the PRC government's secret detention of world famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei since 3 April 2011, organised by Hong Kong artists and art supporters. Various slogans calling for the immediate release of the artist such as \"Free Ai Weiwei\", and \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\" accompany stencilled images of Ai were applied onto pavements, pedestrian overpass, and building walls all over Hong Kong. \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) was a popular protest slogan because it is a pun on Ai's name. Chinese internet users posted many variations based on this theme. Posts for the internet campaign were removed relentlessly by state censors. Tangerine, a 22-year-old student artist, was the first Hong Kong artist using graffiti art to promote the awareness of Ai Weiwei among the island's population, by spray-painting Ai's image, with the slogan: \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\", onto street pavement and building wall using a stencil, resulting in Hong Kong police serious crime squad conducting a criminal damage investigation against her, thus turning her into an \"inadvertent counterculture icon. \" Tangerine's comment towards the police:  A group named Art Citizens (\u85dd\u8853\u516c\u6c11), formed by Hong Kong visual artist Kacey Wong, rallied some 2,000 people from the artistic community to march for Ai on 23 April. The group held a month-long exhibition that opened on 26 May named \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) showing works of over 50 artists.", "The film crew was followed, sometimes physically stopped from shooting certain scenes and there were even attempts to buy off footage. All villagers interviewed for the purposes of this documentary have been interrogated or illegally detained by local government to some extent. 2011, video, 1h 1m Early in 2008, the district government of Jiading, Shanghai invited Ai Weiwei to build a studio in Malu Township, as a part of the local government's efforts in developing its cultural assets. By August 2010, the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio completed all of its construction work. In October 2010, the Shanghai government declared the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio an illegal construction, and was subjected to demolition. On 7 November 2010, when Ai Weiwei was placed under house arrest by public security in Beijing, over 1,000 netizens attended the \"River Crab Feast\" at the Shanghai Studio. On 11 January 2011, the Shanghai city government forcibly demolished the Ai Weiwei Studio within a day, without any prior notice. 2013, video, 1h 17m This video tells the story of Liu Ximei, who at her birth in 1985 was given to relatives to be raised because she was born in violation of China's strict one-child policy. When she was ten years old, Liu was severely injured while working in the fields and lost large amounts of blood. While undergoing treatment at a local hospital, she was given a blood transfusion that was later revealed to be contaminated with HIV. Following this exposure to the virus, Liu contracted AIDS. According to official statistics, in 2001 there were 850,000 AIDS sufferers in China, many of whom contracted the illness in the 1980s and 1990s as the result of a widespread plasma market operating in rural, impoverished areas and using unsafe collection methods. 2014, video, 2h 8 m \"Ai Weiwei's Appeal \u00a5", "So Sorry\" shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police. 2011, video, 2h 22 m This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010. During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government.", "Feng Boyi Feng Boyi (fl. c. 2000; Chinese name \u99ae\u535a\u4e00) is an eminent independent art curator and critic in China. He is normally in charge of museums or art collections for primarily contemporary Chinese art. He has worked several times with artist Ai Weiwei with publishing his journals illegally or working with him in exhibitions and has organized many controversial art exhibitions in China. He has been assistant editor of the China Artists' Association newsletter \"Artist's Communication\" since 1988. He has also edited and published numerous catalogues and papers on art and established the Artists' Alliance, a major online forum for contemporary art in China. Feng Boyi has been known to be an instigator to the up-and-coming contemporary art movement in Beijing, starting with publishing articles and journals from artists Ai Weiwei and Xu Bing. He was born in 1960 in Beijing, China, where he is still living today. During 1980 to 1984, he attended and graduated from Capital Normal University Department of History in Beijing. He took an interest in art and learning at the Central Academy of Fine Arts Department in Art History in 1991. \"Since the 1990s, Chinese contemporary art started to review, editing work and plans.\"   After his graduation in 1984, he was assigned to work as an editor of \"The Artists' Bulletin\", which was part of the Chinese Artists' Association. He also began working with Ai Weiwei and chose to be the editor of \"The Black Book (1994)\" and \"The White Book (1995)\", published by Ai Weiwei about contemporary art in China, and this publication was not only private, but illegal. It was kept secretive because it had Ai Weiwei's ideas and opinions about the government, which is why it was difficult to publish. These novels not only dealt with the topic of modern, contemporary art but also reflected the political ideas of Ai Weiwei.", "Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case Ai Weiwei The Fake Case is a 2013 documentary film about Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei, directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Johnsen. The film won Best 2014 Documentary in Danish Film Critics Association's 67th Bodil Awards, played in the official selection of 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. The documentary explores Ai Weiwei's battle against the fake tax case thrust on him by the Chinese government in effort of political suppression and the consequences that the 81-day detention had on his art, politics and personal life. It was pitched at the 2012 MeetMarket as part of the Sheffield Doc/Fest. \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" opens with scenes of Ai Weiwei being released from his 81-day detention spent in solitary confinement, and he is subsequently put on house arrest following gigantic and inexplicable charges of tax evasion, a case film's title references. He suffers from a sleeping disorder and memory loss, 18 cameras are monitoring his studio and home, police agents follow his every move, and heavy restrictions from the Kafkaesque Chinese authorities weigh him down. Ai Weiwei is visibly shaken, but during his year on probation he steadily finds new ways to provoke and challenge the mighty authoritarian regime in his fight for human rights and free expression. The film picks up where Alison Klayman's \"\" left off, but \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" is more explicitly political. The documentary also features creation of S.A.C.R.E.D., an artwork featuring sculpture dioramas of Ai's time in prison, which premiered during the 2013 Venice Biennale. The film received generally positive reviews, with \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" rated 94% Fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic's Metascore of the documentary is 74%."], "answer": {"text": "Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated on 4 November 2011, and close to 9 million RMB was collected within ten days, from 30,000 contributions.", "answer_start": 594}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they able to pay this?", "answer": {"text": "Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated", "answer_start": 503, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were all the charges of the case dropped?", "answer": {"text": "On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So what happened to WeiWei after that court decision?", "answer": {"text": "In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration.", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he fight the decision with any repeals?", "answer": {"text": "The company was not able to complete this procedure as its materials and stamps were confiscated by the government.", "answer_start": 952, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did WeiWei have any devoted followers during all this?", "answer": {"text": "On 20 June, hundreds of Ai's supporters gathered outside the Chaoyang District Court in Beijing despite a small army of police officers,", "answer_start": 133, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_226e35fb19904ceeb3949a942773ecde_0_q#7", "question": "Did WeiWei do anything to thank his supporters?", "rewrite": "Did Ai Weiwei do anything to thank Ai Weiwei's supporters during the tax case?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ai Weiwei: The Fake Case Ai Weiwei The Fake Case is a 2013 documentary film about Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei, directed by Danish filmmaker Andreas Johnsen. The film won Best 2014 Documentary in Danish Film Critics Association's 67th Bodil Awards, played in the official selection of 2014 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival in Toronto and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. The documentary explores Ai Weiwei's battle against the fake tax case thrust on him by the Chinese government in effort of political suppression and the consequences that the 81-day detention had on his art, politics and personal life. It was pitched at the 2012 MeetMarket as part of the Sheffield Doc/Fest. \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" opens with scenes of Ai Weiwei being released from his 81-day detention spent in solitary confinement, and he is subsequently put on house arrest following gigantic and inexplicable charges of tax evasion, a case film's title references. He suffers from a sleeping disorder and memory loss, 18 cameras are monitoring his studio and home, police agents follow his every move, and heavy restrictions from the Kafkaesque Chinese authorities weigh him down. Ai Weiwei is visibly shaken, but during his year on probation he steadily finds new ways to provoke and challenge the mighty authoritarian regime in his fight for human rights and free expression. The film picks up where Alison Klayman's \"\" left off, but \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" is more explicitly political. The documentary also features creation of S.A.C.R.E.D., an artwork featuring sculpture dioramas of Ai's time in prison, which premiered during the 2013 Venice Biennale. The film received generally positive reviews, with \"Ai Weiwei The Fake Case\" rated 94% Fresh on Rotten Tomatoes. Metacritic's Metascore of the documentary is 74%.", "So Sorry\" shows the investigation led by Ai Weiwei studio to identify the students who died during the Sichuan earthquake as a result of corruption and poor building constructions leading to the confrontation between Ai Weiwei and the Chengdu police. After being beaten by the police, Ai Weiwei traveled to Munich, Germany to prepare his exhibition at the museum Haus der Kunst. The result of his beating led to intense headaches caused by a brain hemorrhage and was treated by emergency surgery. These events mark the beginning of Ai Weiwei's struggle and surveillance at the hands of the state police. 2011, video, 2h 22 m This documentary investigates the death of popular Zhaiqiao village leader Qian Yunhui in the fishing village of Yueqing, Zhejiang province. When the local government confiscated marshlands in order to convert them into construction land, the villagers were deprived of the opportunity to cultivate these lands and be fully self-subsistent. Qian Yunhui, unafraid of speaking up for his villagers, travelled to Beijing several times to report this injustice to the central government. In order to silence him, he was detained by local government repeatedly. On 25 December 2010, Qian Yunhui was hit by a truck and died on the scene. News of the incident and photos of the scene quickly spread over the internet. The local government claimed that Qian Yunhui was the victim of an ordinary traffic accident. This film is an investigation conducted by Ai Weiwei studio into the circumstances of the incident and its connection to the land dispute case, mainly based on interviews of family members, villagers and officials. It is an attempt by Ai Weiwei to establish the facts and find out what really happened on 25 December 2010. During shooting and production, Ai Weiwei studio experienced significant obstruction and resistance from local government.", "Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign Free Ai Weiwei street art campaign was a series of political street art protest against the PRC government's secret detention of world famous Chinese artist Ai Weiwei since 3 April 2011, organised by Hong Kong artists and art supporters. Various slogans calling for the immediate release of the artist such as \"Free Ai Weiwei\", and \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\" accompany stencilled images of Ai were applied onto pavements, pedestrian overpass, and building walls all over Hong Kong. \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) was a popular protest slogan because it is a pun on Ai's name. Chinese internet users posted many variations based on this theme. Posts for the internet campaign were removed relentlessly by state censors. Tangerine, a 22-year-old student artist, was the first Hong Kong artist using graffiti art to promote the awareness of Ai Weiwei among the island's population, by spray-painting Ai's image, with the slogan: \"Who's afraid of Ai Weiwei\", onto street pavement and building wall using a stencil, resulting in Hong Kong police serious crime squad conducting a criminal damage investigation against her, thus turning her into an \"inadvertent counterculture icon. \" Tangerine's comment towards the police:  A group named Art Citizens (\u85dd\u8853\u516c\u6c11), formed by Hong Kong visual artist Kacey Wong, rallied some 2,000 people from the artistic community to march for Ai on 23 April. The group held a month-long exhibition that opened on 26 May named \"Love the Future\" (\u611b\u672a\u4f86) showing works of over 50 artists.", "\"Ai Weiwei at Blenheim Palace\", which took place 1 October 2014 - 26 April 2015. It was the \"biggest UK retrospective to date\" by Chinese artist and social activist, Ai Weiwei, which presented more than 50 new and iconic artworks throughout the Palace and its grounds. Artworks ranged from photographs taken by Ai Weiwei while living in New York during the 1980s, to a 40m long carpet created specifically for display in the Great Hall, where a 17 ft glass chandelier was also hung. Also exhibited was a table formed from wood and reclaimed from temples dating to the Qing Dynasty (1644 -1911), intricately hand-painted porcelain plates, and \"Circle of Animals/ Zodiac Heads: Gold\", Ai Weiwei\u2019s reinterpretation of the legendary bronze zodiac head statues that once surrounded the fountain-clock at Emperor Yuanming Yuan\u2019s Beijing imperial retreat. Due to visitor figures, the exhibition \"Ai Weiwei at Blenheim Palace\" was extended for twice the planned duration, finally closing 26 April 2015. Critics focused on the fact that this was \"the most extensive exhibition of his work to be staged in this country\" and that Ai Weiwei, under house-arrest was never able to leave China to see the exhibition, which also marked the inauguration of Blenheim Art Foundation. Blenheim Art Foundation's second exhibition, \"Within A Realm Of Distance\", ran 10 October - 20 December 2015. The exhibition displayed works by American artist and founding figure of Conceptual Art, Lawrence Weiner, who has been using language as a sculptural medium throughout his fifty year career to make interventions into outdoor and indoor spaces. The exhibition included existing works by the artist, in addition to new site-specific works created especially for the Palace.", "The film crew was followed, sometimes physically stopped from shooting certain scenes and there were even attempts to buy off footage. All villagers interviewed for the purposes of this documentary have been interrogated or illegally detained by local government to some extent. 2011, video, 1h 1m Early in 2008, the district government of Jiading, Shanghai invited Ai Weiwei to build a studio in Malu Township, as a part of the local government's efforts in developing its cultural assets. By August 2010, the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio completed all of its construction work. In October 2010, the Shanghai government declared the Ai Weiwei Shanghai Studio an illegal construction, and was subjected to demolition. On 7 November 2010, when Ai Weiwei was placed under house arrest by public security in Beijing, over 1,000 netizens attended the \"River Crab Feast\" at the Shanghai Studio. On 11 January 2011, the Shanghai city government forcibly demolished the Ai Weiwei Studio within a day, without any prior notice. 2013, video, 1h 17m This video tells the story of Liu Ximei, who at her birth in 1985 was given to relatives to be raised because she was born in violation of China's strict one-child policy. When she was ten years old, Liu was severely injured while working in the fields and lost large amounts of blood. While undergoing treatment at a local hospital, she was given a blood transfusion that was later revealed to be contaminated with HIV. Following this exposure to the virus, Liu contracted AIDS. According to official statistics, in 2001 there were 850,000 AIDS sufferers in China, many of whom contracted the illness in the 1980s and 1990s as the result of a widespread plasma market operating in rural, impoverished areas and using unsafe collection methods. 2014, video, 2h 8 m \"Ai Weiwei's Appeal \u00a5"], "answer": {"text": "To thank creditors and acknowledge the contributions as loans, Ai designed and issued loan receipts to all who participated in the campaign.", "answer_start": 951}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the Ai Weiwei tax case involve?", "answer": {"text": "the Beijing Local Taxation Bureau demanded a total of over 12 million yuan (US$1.85 million) from Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. in unpaid taxes and fines,", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they able to pay this?", "answer": {"text": "Offers of donations poured in from Ai's fans across the world when the fine was announced. Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated", "answer_start": 503, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were all the charges of the case dropped?", "answer": {"text": "On 27 September, the court upheld the 2.4 million tax evasion fine.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So what happened to WeiWei after that court decision?", "answer": {"text": "In October 2012, authorities revoked the license of Beijing Fa Ke Cultural Development Ltd. for failing to re-register, an annual requirement by the administration.", "answer_start": 787, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he fight the decision with any repeals?", "answer": {"text": "The company was not able to complete this procedure as its materials and stamps were confiscated by the government.", "answer_start": 952, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did WeiWei have any devoted followers during all this?", "answer": {"text": "On 20 June, hundreds of Ai's supporters gathered outside the Chaoyang District Court in Beijing despite a small army of police officers,", "answer_start": 133, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other aspects did you find interesting from this article?", "answer": {"text": "Eventually an online loan campaign was initiated on 4 November 2011, and close to 9 million RMB was collected within ten days, from 30,000 contributions.", "answer_start": 594, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c76bfd405d241c6995d986a52937357_0_q#0", "question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) powers?", "rewrite": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) powers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Between 1989 and 1992, Epic published twenty regular series comics. They also published three special issues from 1992 to 1994, one being a holiday special, in addition to an adaptation of \"Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth\" and a collection of the first two issues. Other releases included the limited series Clive Barker's \"Book of the Damned\" and \"Pinhead\", as well as the crossovers \"Hellraiser vs. Nightbreed: Jihad\" and \"Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell\". The following series were released by Epic Comics: In December, 2010, Boom! Studios announced they would be publishing a new \"Hellraiser\" series, written by Clive Barker and Christopher Monfette, beginning March 2011, and would also be reprinting select Epic Comics under the title \"Hellraiser: Masterworks\". The following series were released by Boom! Studios: Seraphim Incorporated, a graphic novel imprint headed by Clive Barker, began publishing a series of original graphic novels titled \"Hellraiser: Anthology\" in 2017. They are collections of stories taking place within the \"Hellraiser\" universe hailing from various creators, including Barker himself. There have been two non-fiction books released that chronicle the \"Hellraiser\" films. The first, released on 21 May 2004, was published by Titan Books and titled \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\". Written by Peter Atkins and Stephen Jones, with a foreword by Clive Barker, \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\" is a collection of production photographs, design sketches, excerpts from the scripts, and interviews with the cast and crew. The next book, \"The Hellraiser Films And Their Legacy\", was released by McFarland & Company on 27 November 2006; it was written by Paul Kane, and features foreword by Pinhead actor Doug Bradley. \"", "Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth is a 1992 American horror film and third installment in the \"Hellraiser\" series. It was directed by Anthony Hickox and stars Doug Bradley, Terry Farrell, Paula Marshall, and Kevin Bernhardt. Ashley Laurence, who starred in the previous two films, has a cameo. Following the events of \"\", in which the demon Pinhead (Bradley) is imprisoned in a statue, he resurrects himself by absorbing the life force of unlucky humans. After converting several power-hungry youths (Marshall and Bernhardt) into new Cenobites, Pinhead goes on a rampage, opposed by a reporter (Farrell) and the spiritual manifestation of his good half (also Bradley). Series creator Clive Barker reprised his role as executive producer, though he was largely uninvolved until post-production. It was the first \"Hellraiser\" film to be filmed outside the United Kingdom and the first Miramax release under its Dimension Films banner. The film's reception on release was better than the previous film, and it grossed $12.5 million in the US. It was followed by \"\", which was the last film in the series to be theatrically released. The revelation of his own former humanity in \"\" causes Pinhead, a demon called a Cenobite, to be split into two entities: his former self, World War I British Army Captain Elliot Spencer, and a manifestation of Spencer's id, which takes on the form of Pinhead. While Spencer ends up in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, among the writhing figures and distorted faces etched into the surface of an intricately carved pillar \u2014 the Pillar of Souls. J. P. Monroe, the womanizing owner of a popular nightclub called The Boiler Room, buys the pillar.", "Upon learning of Dr. Merchant's intentions, they kill the entire crew of the ship, save for Rimmer and Paul, who escape. Paul reveals that the Minos is, in fact, the final, perfected form of the Elysium Configuration, and that by activating it, he can kill Pinhead and permanently seal the gateway to Hell. Paul distracts Pinhead with a hologram while he boards an escape pod with Rimmer. Once clear of the station, he activates the Elysium Configuration. A series of powerful lasers and mirrors create a field of perpetual light, while the station transforms and folds around the light to create a massive box. The light is trapped within the box, killing Pinhead and his followers, thus ending Pinhead's existence, this time, permanently. Clive Barker, acting as executive producer, wanted a fresh turn for the series after two sequels to his original 1987 film. The initial premise for the film, a shape-changing structure used to trap Pinhead, was inspired by the ending of \"Hellraiser III\", which featured a building whose architecture resembled the Lament Configuration. Barker suggested a three-part film set in different time periods, and Peter Atkins added the Lemarchand storyline, going back to Barker's novella. Atkins had previously written \"Hellraiser II\" and co-written \"Hellraiser III\". Atkins and Barker pitched the idea to Miramax, who greenlit it without requiring an outline. In \"The Hellraiser Films and Their Legacy\", author Paul Kane described the screenplay as ambitious and \"one of the best of the \"Hellraiser\" sequels\". This screenplay featured a linear timeline, more special effects, and violent confrontations between Pinhead and Angelique. When Miramax was unwilling to provide a budget to realize these scenes, the film was scaled back.", "According to Clive Barker, as the writing of the Hellraiser script took place during the height of the A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and Halloween film series, his intended portrayal of Pinhead as an articulate and intelligent character was initially not well received by the producers: some suggested that Pinhead should act more like Freddy Krueger and crack jokes, while others suggested that he be a silent character like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. Barker insisted that Pinhead's personality be more evocative of Christopher Lee's portrayal of Count Dracula: \"Part of the chill of Dracula surely lies in the fact that he is very clearly and articulately aware of what he is doing - you feel that this is a penetrating intelligence - and I don't find dumb things terribly scary - I find intelligence scary, particularly twisted intelligence; it's one of the reasons why Hannibal Lecter is scary, isn't it? It's because you always feel that he's going to be three jumps ahead of you.\" Though described by Pinhead's human half in Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as being \"very persuasive and very inventive\", Pinhead prefers using coercive methods in order to obtain his goals, a fact which brings him into conflict with his ally, the demon Princess Angelique. Pinhead can be reasoned and bargained with. In both Hellraiser and Hellraiser: Hellseeker, Kirsty Cotton bargains with Pinhead to offer him more \"souls\" in exchange for her own (in particular, her human adversaries), thus resulting in her life being spared.", "In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\""], "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities.", "answer_start": 77}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3c76bfd405d241c6995d986a52937357_0_q#1", "question": "What are some of these abilities?", "rewrite": "What are some of Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) supernatural abilities?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to Clive Barker, as the writing of the Hellraiser script took place during the height of the A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and Halloween film series, his intended portrayal of Pinhead as an articulate and intelligent character was initially not well received by the producers: some suggested that Pinhead should act more like Freddy Krueger and crack jokes, while others suggested that he be a silent character like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. Barker insisted that Pinhead's personality be more evocative of Christopher Lee's portrayal of Count Dracula: \"Part of the chill of Dracula surely lies in the fact that he is very clearly and articulately aware of what he is doing - you feel that this is a penetrating intelligence - and I don't find dumb things terribly scary - I find intelligence scary, particularly twisted intelligence; it's one of the reasons why Hannibal Lecter is scary, isn't it? It's because you always feel that he's going to be three jumps ahead of you.\" Though described by Pinhead's human half in Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as being \"very persuasive and very inventive\", Pinhead prefers using coercive methods in order to obtain his goals, a fact which brings him into conflict with his ally, the demon Princess Angelique. Pinhead can be reasoned and bargained with. In both Hellraiser and Hellraiser: Hellseeker, Kirsty Cotton bargains with Pinhead to offer him more \"souls\" in exchange for her own (in particular, her human adversaries), thus resulting in her life being spared.", "Described by Doug Bradley as stronger than Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers, Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities. His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart. These chains are subject to his total mental control and he may direct them at will. The chains may even change shape after having attached to a victim. Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons. His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions. He is capable of creating other cenobites from both living and dead victims. In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration, though this in itself is not usually enough for Pinhead to target the puzzle-solver: in Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Pinhead stops the Cenobites from torturing an emotionally traumatised girl who was manipulated as a proxy into opening the Configuration, remarking \"...it is not hands that call us, it is desire.\" In Hell on Earth, he temporarily eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters until he is finally defeated when Spencer willingly merges with Pinhead once again, the combination binding Pinhead as Spencer keeps his extremes in check. During this incident his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\"", "Between 1989 and 1992, Epic published twenty regular series comics. They also published three special issues from 1992 to 1994, one being a holiday special, in addition to an adaptation of \"Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth\" and a collection of the first two issues. Other releases included the limited series Clive Barker's \"Book of the Damned\" and \"Pinhead\", as well as the crossovers \"Hellraiser vs. Nightbreed: Jihad\" and \"Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell\". The following series were released by Epic Comics: In December, 2010, Boom! Studios announced they would be publishing a new \"Hellraiser\" series, written by Clive Barker and Christopher Monfette, beginning March 2011, and would also be reprinting select Epic Comics under the title \"Hellraiser: Masterworks\". The following series were released by Boom! Studios: Seraphim Incorporated, a graphic novel imprint headed by Clive Barker, began publishing a series of original graphic novels titled \"Hellraiser: Anthology\" in 2017. They are collections of stories taking place within the \"Hellraiser\" universe hailing from various creators, including Barker himself. There have been two non-fiction books released that chronicle the \"Hellraiser\" films. The first, released on 21 May 2004, was published by Titan Books and titled \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\". Written by Peter Atkins and Stephen Jones, with a foreword by Clive Barker, \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\" is a collection of production photographs, design sketches, excerpts from the scripts, and interviews with the cast and crew. The next book, \"The Hellraiser Films And Their Legacy\", was released by McFarland & Company on 27 November 2006; it was written by Paul Kane, and features foreword by Pinhead actor Doug Bradley. \"", "Upon learning of Dr. Merchant's intentions, they kill the entire crew of the ship, save for Rimmer and Paul, who escape. Paul reveals that the Minos is, in fact, the final, perfected form of the Elysium Configuration, and that by activating it, he can kill Pinhead and permanently seal the gateway to Hell. Paul distracts Pinhead with a hologram while he boards an escape pod with Rimmer. Once clear of the station, he activates the Elysium Configuration. A series of powerful lasers and mirrors create a field of perpetual light, while the station transforms and folds around the light to create a massive box. The light is trapped within the box, killing Pinhead and his followers, thus ending Pinhead's existence, this time, permanently. Clive Barker, acting as executive producer, wanted a fresh turn for the series after two sequels to his original 1987 film. The initial premise for the film, a shape-changing structure used to trap Pinhead, was inspired by the ending of \"Hellraiser III\", which featured a building whose architecture resembled the Lament Configuration. Barker suggested a three-part film set in different time periods, and Peter Atkins added the Lemarchand storyline, going back to Barker's novella. Atkins had previously written \"Hellraiser II\" and co-written \"Hellraiser III\". Atkins and Barker pitched the idea to Miramax, who greenlit it without requiring an outline. In \"The Hellraiser Films and Their Legacy\", author Paul Kane described the screenplay as ambitious and \"one of the best of the \"Hellraiser\" sequels\". This screenplay featured a linear timeline, more special effects, and violent confrontations between Pinhead and Angelique. When Miramax was unwilling to provide a budget to realize these scenes, the film was scaled back."], "answer": {"text": "His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims,", "answer_start": 166}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) powers?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c76bfd405d241c6995d986a52937357_0_q#2", "question": "What else is significant during this time?", "rewrite": "Besides supernatural abilities, what else is significant during the time Pinhead (Hellraiser) uses his powers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Upon learning of Dr. Merchant's intentions, they kill the entire crew of the ship, save for Rimmer and Paul, who escape. Paul reveals that the Minos is, in fact, the final, perfected form of the Elysium Configuration, and that by activating it, he can kill Pinhead and permanently seal the gateway to Hell. Paul distracts Pinhead with a hologram while he boards an escape pod with Rimmer. Once clear of the station, he activates the Elysium Configuration. A series of powerful lasers and mirrors create a field of perpetual light, while the station transforms and folds around the light to create a massive box. The light is trapped within the box, killing Pinhead and his followers, thus ending Pinhead's existence, this time, permanently. Clive Barker, acting as executive producer, wanted a fresh turn for the series after two sequels to his original 1987 film. The initial premise for the film, a shape-changing structure used to trap Pinhead, was inspired by the ending of \"Hellraiser III\", which featured a building whose architecture resembled the Lament Configuration. Barker suggested a three-part film set in different time periods, and Peter Atkins added the Lemarchand storyline, going back to Barker's novella. Atkins had previously written \"Hellraiser II\" and co-written \"Hellraiser III\". Atkins and Barker pitched the idea to Miramax, who greenlit it without requiring an outline. In \"The Hellraiser Films and Their Legacy\", author Paul Kane described the screenplay as ambitious and \"one of the best of the \"Hellraiser\" sequels\". This screenplay featured a linear timeline, more special effects, and violent confrontations between Pinhead and Angelique. When Miramax was unwilling to provide a budget to realize these scenes, the film was scaled back.", "Described by Doug Bradley as stronger than Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers, Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities. His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart. These chains are subject to his total mental control and he may direct them at will. The chains may even change shape after having attached to a victim. Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons. His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions. He is capable of creating other cenobites from both living and dead victims. In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration, though this in itself is not usually enough for Pinhead to target the puzzle-solver: in Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Pinhead stops the Cenobites from torturing an emotionally traumatised girl who was manipulated as a proxy into opening the Configuration, remarking \"...it is not hands that call us, it is desire.\" In Hell on Earth, he temporarily eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters until he is finally defeated when Spencer willingly merges with Pinhead once again, the combination binding Pinhead as Spencer keeps his extremes in check. During this incident his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\"", "According to Clive Barker, as the writing of the Hellraiser script took place during the height of the A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and Halloween film series, his intended portrayal of Pinhead as an articulate and intelligent character was initially not well received by the producers: some suggested that Pinhead should act more like Freddy Krueger and crack jokes, while others suggested that he be a silent character like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. Barker insisted that Pinhead's personality be more evocative of Christopher Lee's portrayal of Count Dracula: \"Part of the chill of Dracula surely lies in the fact that he is very clearly and articulately aware of what he is doing - you feel that this is a penetrating intelligence - and I don't find dumb things terribly scary - I find intelligence scary, particularly twisted intelligence; it's one of the reasons why Hannibal Lecter is scary, isn't it? It's because you always feel that he's going to be three jumps ahead of you.\" Though described by Pinhead's human half in Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as being \"very persuasive and very inventive\", Pinhead prefers using coercive methods in order to obtain his goals, a fact which brings him into conflict with his ally, the demon Princess Angelique. Pinhead can be reasoned and bargained with. In both Hellraiser and Hellraiser: Hellseeker, Kirsty Cotton bargains with Pinhead to offer him more \"souls\" in exchange for her own (in particular, her human adversaries), thus resulting in her life being spared.", "Between 1989 and 1992, Epic published twenty regular series comics. They also published three special issues from 1992 to 1994, one being a holiday special, in addition to an adaptation of \"Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth\" and a collection of the first two issues. Other releases included the limited series Clive Barker's \"Book of the Damned\" and \"Pinhead\", as well as the crossovers \"Hellraiser vs. Nightbreed: Jihad\" and \"Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell\". The following series were released by Epic Comics: In December, 2010, Boom! Studios announced they would be publishing a new \"Hellraiser\" series, written by Clive Barker and Christopher Monfette, beginning March 2011, and would also be reprinting select Epic Comics under the title \"Hellraiser: Masterworks\". The following series were released by Boom! Studios: Seraphim Incorporated, a graphic novel imprint headed by Clive Barker, began publishing a series of original graphic novels titled \"Hellraiser: Anthology\" in 2017. They are collections of stories taking place within the \"Hellraiser\" universe hailing from various creators, including Barker himself. There have been two non-fiction books released that chronicle the \"Hellraiser\" films. The first, released on 21 May 2004, was published by Titan Books and titled \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\". Written by Peter Atkins and Stephen Jones, with a foreword by Clive Barker, \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\" is a collection of production photographs, design sketches, excerpts from the scripts, and interviews with the cast and crew. The next book, \"The Hellraiser Films And Their Legacy\", was released by McFarland & Company on 27 November 2006; it was written by Paul Kane, and features foreword by Pinhead actor Doug Bradley. \""], "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons.", "answer_start": 473}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) powers?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some of these abilities?", "answer": {"text": "His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims,", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c76bfd405d241c6995d986a52937357_0_q#3", "question": "What are his weaknesses?", "rewrite": "What are Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) weaknesses?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Upon learning of Dr. Merchant's intentions, they kill the entire crew of the ship, save for Rimmer and Paul, who escape. Paul reveals that the Minos is, in fact, the final, perfected form of the Elysium Configuration, and that by activating it, he can kill Pinhead and permanently seal the gateway to Hell. Paul distracts Pinhead with a hologram while he boards an escape pod with Rimmer. Once clear of the station, he activates the Elysium Configuration. A series of powerful lasers and mirrors create a field of perpetual light, while the station transforms and folds around the light to create a massive box. The light is trapped within the box, killing Pinhead and his followers, thus ending Pinhead's existence, this time, permanently. Clive Barker, acting as executive producer, wanted a fresh turn for the series after two sequels to his original 1987 film. The initial premise for the film, a shape-changing structure used to trap Pinhead, was inspired by the ending of \"Hellraiser III\", which featured a building whose architecture resembled the Lament Configuration. Barker suggested a three-part film set in different time periods, and Peter Atkins added the Lemarchand storyline, going back to Barker's novella. Atkins had previously written \"Hellraiser II\" and co-written \"Hellraiser III\". Atkins and Barker pitched the idea to Miramax, who greenlit it without requiring an outline. In \"The Hellraiser Films and Their Legacy\", author Paul Kane described the screenplay as ambitious and \"one of the best of the \"Hellraiser\" sequels\". This screenplay featured a linear timeline, more special effects, and violent confrontations between Pinhead and Angelique. When Miramax was unwilling to provide a budget to realize these scenes, the film was scaled back.", "According to Clive Barker, as the writing of the Hellraiser script took place during the height of the A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and Halloween film series, his intended portrayal of Pinhead as an articulate and intelligent character was initially not well received by the producers: some suggested that Pinhead should act more like Freddy Krueger and crack jokes, while others suggested that he be a silent character like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. Barker insisted that Pinhead's personality be more evocative of Christopher Lee's portrayal of Count Dracula: \"Part of the chill of Dracula surely lies in the fact that he is very clearly and articulately aware of what he is doing - you feel that this is a penetrating intelligence - and I don't find dumb things terribly scary - I find intelligence scary, particularly twisted intelligence; it's one of the reasons why Hannibal Lecter is scary, isn't it? It's because you always feel that he's going to be three jumps ahead of you.\" Though described by Pinhead's human half in Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as being \"very persuasive and very inventive\", Pinhead prefers using coercive methods in order to obtain his goals, a fact which brings him into conflict with his ally, the demon Princess Angelique. Pinhead can be reasoned and bargained with. In both Hellraiser and Hellraiser: Hellseeker, Kirsty Cotton bargains with Pinhead to offer him more \"souls\" in exchange for her own (in particular, her human adversaries), thus resulting in her life being spared.", "Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth is a 1992 American horror film and third installment in the \"Hellraiser\" series. It was directed by Anthony Hickox and stars Doug Bradley, Terry Farrell, Paula Marshall, and Kevin Bernhardt. Ashley Laurence, who starred in the previous two films, has a cameo. Following the events of \"\", in which the demon Pinhead (Bradley) is imprisoned in a statue, he resurrects himself by absorbing the life force of unlucky humans. After converting several power-hungry youths (Marshall and Bernhardt) into new Cenobites, Pinhead goes on a rampage, opposed by a reporter (Farrell) and the spiritual manifestation of his good half (also Bradley). Series creator Clive Barker reprised his role as executive producer, though he was largely uninvolved until post-production. It was the first \"Hellraiser\" film to be filmed outside the United Kingdom and the first Miramax release under its Dimension Films banner. The film's reception on release was better than the previous film, and it grossed $12.5 million in the US. It was followed by \"\", which was the last film in the series to be theatrically released. The revelation of his own former humanity in \"\" causes Pinhead, a demon called a Cenobite, to be split into two entities: his former self, World War I British Army Captain Elliot Spencer, and a manifestation of Spencer's id, which takes on the form of Pinhead. While Spencer ends up in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, among the writhing figures and distorted faces etched into the surface of an intricately carved pillar \u2014 the Pillar of Souls. J. P. Monroe, the womanizing owner of a popular nightclub called The Boiler Room, buys the pillar.", "Between 1989 and 1992, Epic published twenty regular series comics. They also published three special issues from 1992 to 1994, one being a holiday special, in addition to an adaptation of \"Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth\" and a collection of the first two issues. Other releases included the limited series Clive Barker's \"Book of the Damned\" and \"Pinhead\", as well as the crossovers \"Hellraiser vs. Nightbreed: Jihad\" and \"Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell\". The following series were released by Epic Comics: In December, 2010, Boom! Studios announced they would be publishing a new \"Hellraiser\" series, written by Clive Barker and Christopher Monfette, beginning March 2011, and would also be reprinting select Epic Comics under the title \"Hellraiser: Masterworks\". The following series were released by Boom! Studios: Seraphim Incorporated, a graphic novel imprint headed by Clive Barker, began publishing a series of original graphic novels titled \"Hellraiser: Anthology\" in 2017. They are collections of stories taking place within the \"Hellraiser\" universe hailing from various creators, including Barker himself. There have been two non-fiction books released that chronicle the \"Hellraiser\" films. The first, released on 21 May 2004, was published by Titan Books and titled \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\". Written by Peter Atkins and Stephen Jones, with a foreword by Clive Barker, \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\" is a collection of production photographs, design sketches, excerpts from the scripts, and interviews with the cast and crew. The next book, \"The Hellraiser Films And Their Legacy\", was released by McFarland & Company on 27 November 2006; it was written by Paul Kane, and features foreword by Pinhead actor Doug Bradley. \"", "In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\""], "answer": {"text": "In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration,", "answer_start": 821}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) powers?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some of these abilities?", "answer": {"text": "His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims,", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons.", "answer_start": 473, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c76bfd405d241c6995d986a52937357_0_q#4", "question": "What else is a weakness?", "rewrite": "Other than having to be purposely summoned, what else is a weakness of Pinhead (Hellraiser)?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Described by Doug Bradley as stronger than Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers, Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities. His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims, often pulling said victims in several directions to tear them apart. These chains are subject to his total mental control and he may direct them at will. The chains may even change shape after having attached to a victim. Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons. His magic is also used for creating objects out of thin air, teleporting, creating explosions at distances and deceiving opponents with illusions. He is capable of creating other cenobites from both living and dead victims. In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration, though this in itself is not usually enough for Pinhead to target the puzzle-solver: in Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Pinhead stops the Cenobites from torturing an emotionally traumatised girl who was manipulated as a proxy into opening the Configuration, remarking \"...it is not hands that call us, it is desire.\" In Hell on Earth, he temporarily eliminates these restraints when he is separated from the part of him that is Elliot Spencer, wreaking havoc indiscriminately upon every human subject he encounters until he is finally defeated when Spencer willingly merges with Pinhead once again, the combination binding Pinhead as Spencer keeps his extremes in check. During this incident his powers were apparently expanded beyond their normal limits allowing him to physically warp reality to his will.", "According to Clive Barker, as the writing of the Hellraiser script took place during the height of the A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and Halloween film series, his intended portrayal of Pinhead as an articulate and intelligent character was initially not well received by the producers: some suggested that Pinhead should act more like Freddy Krueger and crack jokes, while others suggested that he be a silent character like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. Barker insisted that Pinhead's personality be more evocative of Christopher Lee's portrayal of Count Dracula: \"Part of the chill of Dracula surely lies in the fact that he is very clearly and articulately aware of what he is doing - you feel that this is a penetrating intelligence - and I don't find dumb things terribly scary - I find intelligence scary, particularly twisted intelligence; it's one of the reasons why Hannibal Lecter is scary, isn't it? It's because you always feel that he's going to be three jumps ahead of you.\" Though described by Pinhead's human half in Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as being \"very persuasive and very inventive\", Pinhead prefers using coercive methods in order to obtain his goals, a fact which brings him into conflict with his ally, the demon Princess Angelique. Pinhead can be reasoned and bargained with. In both Hellraiser and Hellraiser: Hellseeker, Kirsty Cotton bargains with Pinhead to offer him more \"souls\" in exchange for her own (in particular, her human adversaries), thus resulting in her life being spared.", "Upon learning of Dr. Merchant's intentions, they kill the entire crew of the ship, save for Rimmer and Paul, who escape. Paul reveals that the Minos is, in fact, the final, perfected form of the Elysium Configuration, and that by activating it, he can kill Pinhead and permanently seal the gateway to Hell. Paul distracts Pinhead with a hologram while he boards an escape pod with Rimmer. Once clear of the station, he activates the Elysium Configuration. A series of powerful lasers and mirrors create a field of perpetual light, while the station transforms and folds around the light to create a massive box. The light is trapped within the box, killing Pinhead and his followers, thus ending Pinhead's existence, this time, permanently. Clive Barker, acting as executive producer, wanted a fresh turn for the series after two sequels to his original 1987 film. The initial premise for the film, a shape-changing structure used to trap Pinhead, was inspired by the ending of \"Hellraiser III\", which featured a building whose architecture resembled the Lament Configuration. Barker suggested a three-part film set in different time periods, and Peter Atkins added the Lemarchand storyline, going back to Barker's novella. Atkins had previously written \"Hellraiser II\" and co-written \"Hellraiser III\". Atkins and Barker pitched the idea to Miramax, who greenlit it without requiring an outline. In \"The Hellraiser Films and Their Legacy\", author Paul Kane described the screenplay as ambitious and \"one of the best of the \"Hellraiser\" sequels\". This screenplay featured a linear timeline, more special effects, and violent confrontations between Pinhead and Angelique. When Miramax was unwilling to provide a budget to realize these scenes, the film was scaled back.", "Between 1989 and 1992, Epic published twenty regular series comics. They also published three special issues from 1992 to 1994, one being a holiday special, in addition to an adaptation of \"Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth\" and a collection of the first two issues. Other releases included the limited series Clive Barker's \"Book of the Damned\" and \"Pinhead\", as well as the crossovers \"Hellraiser vs. Nightbreed: Jihad\" and \"Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell\". The following series were released by Epic Comics: In December, 2010, Boom! Studios announced they would be publishing a new \"Hellraiser\" series, written by Clive Barker and Christopher Monfette, beginning March 2011, and would also be reprinting select Epic Comics under the title \"Hellraiser: Masterworks\". The following series were released by Boom! Studios: Seraphim Incorporated, a graphic novel imprint headed by Clive Barker, began publishing a series of original graphic novels titled \"Hellraiser: Anthology\" in 2017. They are collections of stories taking place within the \"Hellraiser\" universe hailing from various creators, including Barker himself. There have been two non-fiction books released that chronicle the \"Hellraiser\" films. The first, released on 21 May 2004, was published by Titan Books and titled \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\". Written by Peter Atkins and Stephen Jones, with a foreword by Clive Barker, \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\" is a collection of production photographs, design sketches, excerpts from the scripts, and interviews with the cast and crew. The next book, \"The Hellraiser Films And Their Legacy\", was released by McFarland & Company on 27 November 2006; it was written by Paul Kane, and features foreword by Pinhead actor Doug Bradley. \"", "In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\""], "answer": {"text": "\"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 175}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) powers?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some of these abilities?", "answer": {"text": "His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims,", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons.", "answer_start": 473, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are his weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration,", "answer_start": 821, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3c76bfd405d241c6995d986a52937357_0_q#5", "question": "What is an example of his limitations?", "rewrite": "What is an example of Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) limitations?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Between 1989 and 1992, Epic published twenty regular series comics. They also published three special issues from 1992 to 1994, one being a holiday special, in addition to an adaptation of \"Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth\" and a collection of the first two issues. Other releases included the limited series Clive Barker's \"Book of the Damned\" and \"Pinhead\", as well as the crossovers \"Hellraiser vs. Nightbreed: Jihad\" and \"Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell\". The following series were released by Epic Comics: In December, 2010, Boom! Studios announced they would be publishing a new \"Hellraiser\" series, written by Clive Barker and Christopher Monfette, beginning March 2011, and would also be reprinting select Epic Comics under the title \"Hellraiser: Masterworks\". The following series were released by Boom! Studios: Seraphim Incorporated, a graphic novel imprint headed by Clive Barker, began publishing a series of original graphic novels titled \"Hellraiser: Anthology\" in 2017. They are collections of stories taking place within the \"Hellraiser\" universe hailing from various creators, including Barker himself. There have been two non-fiction books released that chronicle the \"Hellraiser\" films. The first, released on 21 May 2004, was published by Titan Books and titled \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\". Written by Peter Atkins and Stephen Jones, with a foreword by Clive Barker, \"The Hellraiser Chronicles\" is a collection of production photographs, design sketches, excerpts from the scripts, and interviews with the cast and crew. The next book, \"The Hellraiser Films And Their Legacy\", was released by McFarland & Company on 27 November 2006; it was written by Paul Kane, and features foreword by Pinhead actor Doug Bradley. \"", "According to Clive Barker, as the writing of the Hellraiser script took place during the height of the A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th and Halloween film series, his intended portrayal of Pinhead as an articulate and intelligent character was initially not well received by the producers: some suggested that Pinhead should act more like Freddy Krueger and crack jokes, while others suggested that he be a silent character like Jason Voorhees and Michael Myers. Barker insisted that Pinhead's personality be more evocative of Christopher Lee's portrayal of Count Dracula: \"Part of the chill of Dracula surely lies in the fact that he is very clearly and articulately aware of what he is doing - you feel that this is a penetrating intelligence - and I don't find dumb things terribly scary - I find intelligence scary, particularly twisted intelligence; it's one of the reasons why Hannibal Lecter is scary, isn't it? It's because you always feel that he's going to be three jumps ahead of you.\" Though described by Pinhead's human half in Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth as being \"very persuasive and very inventive\", Pinhead prefers using coercive methods in order to obtain his goals, a fact which brings him into conflict with his ally, the demon Princess Angelique. Pinhead can be reasoned and bargained with. In both Hellraiser and Hellraiser: Hellseeker, Kirsty Cotton bargains with Pinhead to offer him more \"souls\" in exchange for her own (in particular, her human adversaries), thus resulting in her life being spared.", "In Hellraiser: Revelations, Pinhead is prepared to take Emma to the cenobite realm for having opened the box before other characters explain that she was forced to open it at gunpoint by her boyfriend; Pinhead agrees to let Emma go and take Nico instead. In his demonic incarnations, Pinhead is irreverent toward Christianity: in the third film, club owner J.P. Monroe exclaims \"Jesus Christ,\" to which Pinhead mockingly replies, \"Not quite. \", and later on mockingly imitates the stigmata in a church, and states in the fourth \"Do I look like someone who cares what God thinks?\" In Clive Barker's Hellraiser comics published by BOOM! in 2011, Pinhead has reached a crisis point in his existence and now yearns for spiritual salvation and the opportunity to reach Heaven, and puts into motion a plan to destroy his fellow cenobites as a means of atonement. Paul T. Taylor, who portrays Pinhead in Hellraiser: Judgment, described the character as \"twisted and intelligent\". Finding Pinhead's mannerisms and demeanor to be unique among horror icons, Taylor tried to capture that in his performance: \"It's about the stillness. He's already so terrifying that when he makes a move, it means something. He's very economical and when he speaks, he's so eloquent.\" Taylor also incorporated the uncomfortable make-up and costume into his presentation of the sadomasochist, stating \"Pinhead's always in agony so he likes it. I feel like I was in character the whole time, and I don't mean that in some sort of artistic, lofty way. I mean I maintained the demeanor the whole time because I had to.\"", "Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth is a 1992 American horror film and third installment in the \"Hellraiser\" series. It was directed by Anthony Hickox and stars Doug Bradley, Terry Farrell, Paula Marshall, and Kevin Bernhardt. Ashley Laurence, who starred in the previous two films, has a cameo. Following the events of \"\", in which the demon Pinhead (Bradley) is imprisoned in a statue, he resurrects himself by absorbing the life force of unlucky humans. After converting several power-hungry youths (Marshall and Bernhardt) into new Cenobites, Pinhead goes on a rampage, opposed by a reporter (Farrell) and the spiritual manifestation of his good half (also Bradley). Series creator Clive Barker reprised his role as executive producer, though he was largely uninvolved until post-production. It was the first \"Hellraiser\" film to be filmed outside the United Kingdom and the first Miramax release under its Dimension Films banner. The film's reception on release was better than the previous film, and it grossed $12.5 million in the US. It was followed by \"\", which was the last film in the series to be theatrically released. The revelation of his own former humanity in \"\" causes Pinhead, a demon called a Cenobite, to be split into two entities: his former self, World War I British Army Captain Elliot Spencer, and a manifestation of Spencer's id, which takes on the form of Pinhead. While Spencer ends up in limbo, Pinhead is trapped, along with the puzzle box, among the writhing figures and distorted faces etched into the surface of an intricately carved pillar \u2014 the Pillar of Souls. J. P. Monroe, the womanizing owner of a popular nightclub called The Boiler Room, buys the pillar.", "Upon learning of Dr. Merchant's intentions, they kill the entire crew of the ship, save for Rimmer and Paul, who escape. Paul reveals that the Minos is, in fact, the final, perfected form of the Elysium Configuration, and that by activating it, he can kill Pinhead and permanently seal the gateway to Hell. Paul distracts Pinhead with a hologram while he boards an escape pod with Rimmer. Once clear of the station, he activates the Elysium Configuration. A series of powerful lasers and mirrors create a field of perpetual light, while the station transforms and folds around the light to create a massive box. The light is trapped within the box, killing Pinhead and his followers, thus ending Pinhead's existence, this time, permanently. Clive Barker, acting as executive producer, wanted a fresh turn for the series after two sequels to his original 1987 film. The initial premise for the film, a shape-changing structure used to trap Pinhead, was inspired by the ending of \"Hellraiser III\", which featured a building whose architecture resembled the Lament Configuration. Barker suggested a three-part film set in different time periods, and Peter Atkins added the Lemarchand storyline, going back to Barker's novella. Atkins had previously written \"Hellraiser II\" and co-written \"Hellraiser III\". Atkins and Barker pitched the idea to Miramax, who greenlit it without requiring an outline. In \"The Hellraiser Films and Their Legacy\", author Paul Kane described the screenplay as ambitious and \"one of the best of the \"Hellraiser\" sequels\". This screenplay featured a linear timeline, more special effects, and violent confrontations between Pinhead and Angelique. When Miramax was unwilling to provide a budget to realize these scenes, the film was scaled back."], "answer": {"text": "Pinhead at first has no memory of his human past,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Pinhead's (Hellraiser's) powers?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is an extremely powerful being, and as such, has several supernatural abilities.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some of these abilities?", "answer": {"text": "His preferred method of attack is by summoning hooks and chains to mutilate victims,", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Pinhead is highly resistant to damage and direct assault, being able to resist both gunshots and futuristic energy weapons.", "answer_start": 473, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are his weaknesses?", "answer": {"text": "In order to act in the physical world, Pinhead needs to have been purposely summoned through the Lament Configuration,", "answer_start": 821, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is a weakness?", "answer": {"text": "\"spiritually weakened\" and subsequently killed by the Chanard Cenobite.", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_1b1bbd46c6744fb39c644afcca895f1a_1_q#0", "question": "What was Human Torch's biography about?", "rewrite": "What was Human Torch's biography about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trapster The Trapster (Peter Petruski) is fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is one of the first supervillains who became active during the \"Silver Age\" of Marvel Comics. He makes his first appearance as Paste-Pot Pete in \"Strange Tales\" #104 (January 1963), and as the Trapster in \"Fantastic Four\" #38. Peter Petruski was born in Gary, Indiana. Originally calling himself Paste-Pot Pete, the villain and professional criminal clashed with the Human Torch during his efforts to sell a new American missile to the Soviets. However he escaped by using his paste to catch the wing of a plane, then diving into the sea. Following a failed solo effort against Human Torch, Paste-Pot Pete broke out of jail and teamed with the Wizard in efforts to trump his youthful foe. However Paste-Pot Pete was angered over Wizard acting as the team's leader. Wizard framed Human Torch for a robbery. They got Human Torch to Wizard's house and used compressed air to force him into a chamber of steel mirrors, planning to fill the place with a gas that would cut off the oxygen supply of the Torch. However, Human Torch melted through the paste that held him to the floor, created a flaming duplicate to fool the two, then increased his flame enabling him to burn through the mirrors. The villains only realized this deception when the fake Human Torch faded away due to the gas, by which time Human Torch had regained his flame and captured the two in a flaming ring. Pete later provided the Avengers with a solvent to dissolve Baron Zemo's Adhesive X, and was paroled from prison. He adopted a new costume and weaponry, and battled Human Torch and the Thing using new paste types. He captured Thing, then Human Torch, but was still defeated.", "Human Torch (android) The Human Torch, also known as Jim Hammond (originally, Hamond), is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-artist Carl Burgos, he first appeared in \"Marvel Comics\" #1 (Oct.1939), published by Marvel's predecessor, Timely Comics. The \"Human\" Torch was actually an android created by scientist Phineas Horton. He possessed the ability to surround himself with fire and control flames. In his earliest appearances, he was portrayed as a science fiction monstrosity, but quickly became a hero and adopted a secret identity as a police officer for the New York City Police Department. The Human Torch was one of Timely Comics' three signature characters, along with Captain America and Namor the Sub-Mariner. Like many superheroes, the Human Torch fell into obscurity by the 1950s. In 1961, Stan Lee and Jack Kirby repurposed his name and powers for a new character, Johnny Storm, a member of the Fantastic Four (who was actually human-mutate). Unlike Captain America and the Sub-Mariner, the original Human Torch has had only a small presence in the post-1950s Marvel comic books and is closely associated with the Golden Age. In 2012, Hammond was ranked 28th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\". Following his debut in the hit \"Marvel Comics\" #1, the Human Torch proved popular enough that he soon became one of the first superheroes to headline a solo title.", "The original Human Torch debuted in present-day Marvel Comics continuity in \"Fantastic Four Annual\" #4 (Nov. 1966). Human Torch appeared as a regular character in the 2010\u20132013 \"Secret Avengers\" series, from issue #23 (April 2012) through its final issue #37 (March 2013). Starting in 2014, the Human Torch began appearing as a main character in the Marvel NOW! relaunch of \"The Invaders\". The Human Torch was an android created by Professor Phineas T. Horton in his lab in Brooklyn, New York for scientific purposes. At a press-conference unveiling, however, Horton's creation burst into flames when exposed to oxygen. The android showed human-like sentience, personality, and awareness, but the spectators feared that he posed a safety threat. Public outcry led to the Torch being sealed in concrete, though he escaped due to a crack that let oxygen seep in. The Torch then inadvertently caused parts of New York City to burn and, after dealing with a mobster who wanted to gain advantage of his abilities for fire insurance (and accidentally causing the mobster's death in an explosion), he eventually learned to control his flame, rebelled against his creator, and vowed to help humanity. The Torch later first encountered and battled Namor the Sub-Mariner. He would join other heroes as war broke out in Europe, and later in the Pacific, to fight the Axis powers. In his solo title's debut issue, he acquired a young partner, Thomas \"Toro\" Raymond, the mutant son of two nuclear scientists whose exposure to radiation gave him the ability to control fire. The Human Torch also joined the New York City police force as part of his \"human cover\" under the name James \"Jim\" Hammond.", "During his time in jail Jenkins helped the authorities out, which led to him working for the government after his release from prison. He later began working at the Raft maximum security prison as head of security and worked with the Thunderbolts, who were now a team of criminals who tried to earn time off their sentence by carrying out missions for the government. The character first appeared as the Beetle in \"Strange Tales\" #123 (August 1964), and was created by Stan Lee and Carl Burgos. After some time away from the team, he has appeared as a regular character in \"Thunderbolts\" since issue #144, and has appeared as a supporting character since the title transitioned into \"Dark Avengers\" beginning with issue #175. Abner Jenkins was born in Baltimore, Maryland. Abner Jenkins was a master mechanic at an aircraft parts factory who became dissatisfied with his boring, low paying job. Using his considerable mechanical knowledge, Jenkins built an armor-plated, strength-augmenting suit, a pair of gravity-defying wings, suction-fingered gloves, and a cybernetic control helmet. Calling himself the \"Beetle\", Jenkins decided to use his battle-suit for fame, wealth, and adventure. Believing a victory over half the Fantastic Four would make him an overnight sensation, the Beetle chose to lure the Human Torch and the Thing into battle. However, Thing and Human Torch defeated him, and he was sent to prison. Paroled a short time later, he sought revenge on Human Torch, but found himself in battle with Spider-Man instead. He kidnapped Human Torch's girlfriend, and Human Torch briefly battled Spider-Man, thinking he was in league with Beetle. Once again, with Human Torch's help, he was defeated after a cage of high-temperature flame was created around him. He was jailed once more.", "Sun Girl (Marvel Comics) Sun Girl is the name of two fictional superheroines appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first Sun Girl was created by artist Ken Bald and an unidentified writer. She first appeared in \"Sun Girl\" #1 (Aug. 1948), published by Marvel's 1940s precursor, Timely Comics. Sun Girl starred in a namesake three-issue series cover-dated August to December 1948. She subsequently co-starred in stories of the original Human Torch in \"The Human Torch\" #32-35 (Sept. 1948 - March 1949), \"Captain America Comics\" #69 (Nov. 1948), \"Sub-Mariner Comics\" #29 (Nov. 1948), and \"Marvel Mystery Comics\" #88-91 (Oct. 1948 - April 1949). She additionally starred in a solo story each in the first two of those \"Marvel Mystery\" issues. The Human Torch-Sun Girl story \" The Ray of Madness\" from \"The Human Torch\" #33 (Nov. 1948) was reprinted decades later in Marvel's \"Giant-Size Avengers\" #1 (Aug. 1974). Sun Girl appears in flashback in the final two issues of the four-issue miniseries \"Saga of the Original Human Torch\" (April\u2013July 1990) A new Sun Girl debuted in \"Superior Spider-Man Team-Up\" #1 and will appear as one of the main characters in the upcoming Marvel NOW! relaunch of the \"New Warriors\". A personal secretary for Jim Hammond, the original Human Torch, during the post-war 1940s, Mary Mitchell falls in love with him and becomes his partner as well as his sidekick after Toro leaves to tend to his ailing foster mother."], "answer": {"text": "a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed.", "answer_start": 35}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1b1bbd46c6744fb39c644afcca895f1a_1_q#1", "question": "What else was written about johnny storm", "rewrite": "In addition to Johny Storm losing his mother due to a car accident, what else was written about him in Human Torch?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Trapster The Trapster (Peter Petruski) is fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character is one of the first supervillains who became active during the \"Silver Age\" of Marvel Comics. He makes his first appearance as Paste-Pot Pete in \"Strange Tales\" #104 (January 1963), and as the Trapster in \"Fantastic Four\" #38. Peter Petruski was born in Gary, Indiana. Originally calling himself Paste-Pot Pete, the villain and professional criminal clashed with the Human Torch during his efforts to sell a new American missile to the Soviets. However he escaped by using his paste to catch the wing of a plane, then diving into the sea. Following a failed solo effort against Human Torch, Paste-Pot Pete broke out of jail and teamed with the Wizard in efforts to trump his youthful foe. However Paste-Pot Pete was angered over Wizard acting as the team's leader. Wizard framed Human Torch for a robbery. They got Human Torch to Wizard's house and used compressed air to force him into a chamber of steel mirrors, planning to fill the place with a gas that would cut off the oxygen supply of the Torch. However, Human Torch melted through the paste that held him to the floor, created a flaming duplicate to fool the two, then increased his flame enabling him to burn through the mirrors. The villains only realized this deception when the fake Human Torch faded away due to the gas, by which time Human Torch had regained his flame and captured the two in a flaming ring. Pete later provided the Avengers with a solvent to dissolve Baron Zemo's Adhesive X, and was paroled from prison. He adopted a new costume and weaponry, and battled Human Torch and the Thing using new paste types. He captured Thing, then Human Torch, but was still defeated.", "Growing up in Glenville, New York, a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed. Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a loan shark in self-defense. Johnny Storm was then raised by his older sister, Sue Storm. At 16, Storm joined his sister and her fiance, Reed Richards, in a space flight in which cosmic radiation transformed those three and spacecraft pilot Ben Grimm into superpowered beings who would become the celebrated superhero team the Fantastic Four. Storm, with the ability to become a flaming human with the power of flight and the ability to project fire, dubs himself the Human Torch, in tribute to the World War II-era hero of that name. In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity. Though a member of a world-famous team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville and attended Glenville High School. Here he thought he maintained a secret identity, although his fellow townsfolk were well aware of his being a member of the Fantastic Four and simply humored him. This series introduced what would become the recurring Fantastic Four foes the Wizard and Paste-Pot Pete, later known as the Trapster. In Storm's home life, Mike Snow, a member of the high-school wrestling squad, bullied Storm until an accidental flare-up of the Torch's powers scarred Snow's face. Storm dated fellow student Dorrie Evans, although she eventually grew tired of his constant disappearances and broke off their relationship.", "The original Human Torch debuted in present-day Marvel Comics continuity in \"Fantastic Four Annual\" #4 (Nov. 1966). Human Torch appeared as a regular character in the 2010\u20132013 \"Secret Avengers\" series, from issue #23 (April 2012) through its final issue #37 (March 2013). Starting in 2014, the Human Torch began appearing as a main character in the Marvel NOW! relaunch of \"The Invaders\". The Human Torch was an android created by Professor Phineas T. Horton in his lab in Brooklyn, New York for scientific purposes. At a press-conference unveiling, however, Horton's creation burst into flames when exposed to oxygen. The android showed human-like sentience, personality, and awareness, but the spectators feared that he posed a safety threat. Public outcry led to the Torch being sealed in concrete, though he escaped due to a crack that let oxygen seep in. The Torch then inadvertently caused parts of New York City to burn and, after dealing with a mobster who wanted to gain advantage of his abilities for fire insurance (and accidentally causing the mobster's death in an explosion), he eventually learned to control his flame, rebelled against his creator, and vowed to help humanity. The Torch later first encountered and battled Namor the Sub-Mariner. He would join other heroes as war broke out in Europe, and later in the Pacific, to fight the Axis powers. In his solo title's debut issue, he acquired a young partner, Thomas \"Toro\" Raymond, the mutant son of two nuclear scientists whose exposure to radiation gave him the ability to control fire. The Human Torch also joined the New York City police force as part of his \"human cover\" under the name James \"Jim\" Hammond.", "Human Torch (android) The Human Torch, also known as Jim Hammond (originally, Hamond), is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-artist Carl Burgos, he first appeared in \"Marvel Comics\" #1 (Oct.1939), published by Marvel's predecessor, Timely Comics. The \"Human\" Torch was actually an android created by scientist Phineas Horton. He possessed the ability to surround himself with fire and control flames. In his earliest appearances, he was portrayed as a science fiction monstrosity, but quickly became a hero and adopted a secret identity as a police officer for the New York City Police Department. The Human Torch was one of Timely Comics' three signature characters, along with Captain America and Namor the Sub-Mariner. Like many superheroes, the Human Torch fell into obscurity by the 1950s. In 1961, Stan Lee and Jack Kirby repurposed his name and powers for a new character, Johnny Storm, a member of the Fantastic Four (who was actually human-mutate). Unlike Captain America and the Sub-Mariner, the original Human Torch has had only a small presence in the post-1950s Marvel comic books and is closely associated with the Golden Age. In 2012, Hammond was ranked 28th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\". Following his debut in the hit \"Marvel Comics\" #1, the Human Torch proved popular enough that he soon became one of the first superheroes to headline a solo title.", "Sun Girl (Marvel Comics) Sun Girl is the name of two fictional superheroines appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The first Sun Girl was created by artist Ken Bald and an unidentified writer. She first appeared in \"Sun Girl\" #1 (Aug. 1948), published by Marvel's 1940s precursor, Timely Comics. Sun Girl starred in a namesake three-issue series cover-dated August to December 1948. She subsequently co-starred in stories of the original Human Torch in \"The Human Torch\" #32-35 (Sept. 1948 - March 1949), \"Captain America Comics\" #69 (Nov. 1948), \"Sub-Mariner Comics\" #29 (Nov. 1948), and \"Marvel Mystery Comics\" #88-91 (Oct. 1948 - April 1949). She additionally starred in a solo story each in the first two of those \"Marvel Mystery\" issues. The Human Torch-Sun Girl story \" The Ray of Madness\" from \"The Human Torch\" #33 (Nov. 1948) was reprinted decades later in Marvel's \"Giant-Size Avengers\" #1 (Aug. 1974). Sun Girl appears in flashback in the final two issues of the four-issue miniseries \"Saga of the Original Human Torch\" (April\u2013July 1990) A new Sun Girl debuted in \"Superior Spider-Man Team-Up\" #1 and will appear as one of the main characters in the upcoming Marvel NOW! relaunch of the \"New Warriors\". A personal secretary for Jim Hammond, the original Human Torch, during the post-war 1940s, Mary Mitchell falls in love with him and becomes his partner as well as his sidekick after Toro leaves to tend to his ailing foster mother."], "answer": {"text": "Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a loan shark in self-defense.", "answer_start": 190}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Human Torch's biography about?", "answer": {"text": "a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1b1bbd46c6744fb39c644afcca895f1a_1_q#2", "question": "Why did he spire into alcholism?", "rewrite": "Why did Johny Storm spire into alcholism?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mayookha Johny Mayookha Johny (born 9 April 1988) is an Indian track and field athlete from Kerala who specialises in long jump and triple jump. She holds the current Indian National record for triple jump with a mark of . She is the first Indian woman to cross the fourteen-metre mark. Mayookha was born on 9 August 1988 in koorachund, Kozhikode, a district in Kerala state, India. Her father M. D. Johny was a bodybuilder and a former Mr. Bombay. Her current coach is Shyam Kumar. Performing for Kannur in the 50th Kerala State Athletic Championship at Thrissur, Mayookha won gold in long jump and triple jump (12.38  m) in under-20 category in 2006. In the triple jump event she beat the more experienced M.A. Prajusha and Tincy Mathew. She finished seventh in the long jump at the 2010 Asian Games. Johny fared better at the 2011 National Games of India the following February, taking a long and triple jump double ahead of M. A. Prajusha. Triple Jumper Mayookha Johny has become the first Indian woman to breach the 14-metre mark as she won a bronze medal in the third and final leg of the Asian Athletics Grand Prix in Wujiang, China. At the Daegu 2011 World Championships in Athletics she qualified for the finals in the women's long jump event, thereby becoming only the third Indian ever to qualify for the final of an individual event in World Championships in Athletics. She finished 9th with a best jump of 6.37 meters, far behind her qualifying round performance where she recorded 6.53 meters. In the 2012 Asian games, held at Hangzhou, China, Mayookha tried for olympic games qualification jump, but had to settle in with 6.44m.", "However, Ade has unwillingly been promised in marriage to Johny (N. Riantiarno), the son of her father's business partner. Bastian is hired, but soon afterwards someone claiming to be his father-in-law comes and says that Bastian had killed his child. Then soon after that Bastian disappears, leaving behind a letter for Ade saying that he has returned to his hometown to help his stepparents with their flower garden. One day, Ade is out with Johny when she meets Bastian, who is delivering flowers. Bastian and Johny fight, with Bastian claiming that Johny had raped his wife; when Bastian tried to stop him, he accidentally killed her. Ade returns to Bastian and they are married. Johny later attempts to kill Bastian, only to be foiled and killed himself. \"Cinta Pertama\" was released in 1973 to critical and commercial success. Christine Hakim won a Citra Award for Best Leading Actress, while Karya won one for directing. It also went second place for Best Film and won Best Cinematography and Best Music. The awards convinced Hakim to stay in acting, eventually making it her primary profession. In 2010, Ade Irwansyah of \"Tabloid Bintang\" listed \"Cinta Pertama\" as the 19th best Indonesian film of all time, while another writer, El Masrur Sahlan, noted that Hakim and Rahardjo's on-screen chemistry was some of the best in the business, contributing to their future appearances together. The following year, Irwansyah wrote that \"Cinta Pertama\" had the 12th best Indonesian film poster of all time.", "Johny Johny Yes Appa Johny Johny Yes Appa is a 2018 Indian Malayalam-language family comedy film directed by G. Marthandan, produced by Vaishak Rajan and written by Joji Thomas (debutant writer of \"Vellimoonga\"). It stars Kunchacko Boban and Anu Sithara. The film released with a mixed reports. The story revolves around Johny (Kunchacko Boban) starts off small by stealing a rupee from his father and letting his brother take the blame in his childhood. However, with time, he becomes a thief, while successfully fooling those around him with his charade as the perfect gentleman. However, when a boy Adam (Sanoop Santhosh) enters his life, all his plans derail. Adam brings trouble, shaking the reputation that Johny had built with years of lies and betrayals. The film music was composed by Shaan Rahman. filmibeat rated the film 3/5 and said \"A Film With Comedy & Emotions In The Right Proportions\".", "Oryol State University Oryol State University (; \"Orlovskiy gosudarstvenniy universitet\"; OGU or OSU), formerly Oryol State Pedagogical Institute/University, is a university in Central Federal district of Russia in the city Oryol which is the Administrative centre of Oryol Oblast. OSU opened in 1931 as Industrial-Pedagogical Institute. Today OSU is a member of Association of the Classical Universities of Russia. Officially, the Oryol State University was founded in 1931 with the establishment of \"Orel Industrial-Pedagogical Institute\" (). But even in 1918 in Oryol opened \"Lenin Oryol Proletarian University\" (), which includes 5 departments: Department of Natural Sciences, Department of Health, Department of Humanities, Mathematical and Agronomical Departments. In 1932 it was renamed to \"Oryol State Pedagogical Institute\" (\u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442; \u041e\u0413\u041f\u0418), and in 1993 - to the \"Oryol State Pedagogical University\" (\u041e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442; \u041e\u0413\u041f\u0423). In 1996 OSPU received the status of a classical university and renamed to the \"Oryol State University\". There are 17 faculties in OSU and 2 institutes: According to the investigation by Dissernet the university has awarded numerous (>85) degrees based on heavily plagiarised theses.", "The Buchanan Hotel The Buchanan Hotel is a hotel located in downtown Mercersburg, Pennsylvania, on North Main Street. It was the boyhood home of the fifteenth President of the United States, James Buchanan, Jr. and was built by James Buchanan, Sr. in 1796. Buchanan built it as a two-story brick residence, and the third story was added in the late nineteenth century. It is part of the Mercersburg Historic District, which was listed by the National Register of Historic Places in 1978."], "answer": {"text": "At 16, Storm joined his sister and her fiance, Reed Richards, in a space flight in which cosmic radiation transformed those three and spacecraft pilot Ben Grimm into superpowered beings", "answer_start": 374}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Human Torch's biography about?", "answer": {"text": "a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was written about johnny storm", "answer": {"text": "Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a loan shark in self-defense.", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1b1bbd46c6744fb39c644afcca895f1a_1_q#3", "question": "What are some other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Johny Storm joining his sister and fiance in a space flight, what are some other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Growing up in Glenville, New York, a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed. Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a loan shark in self-defense. Johnny Storm was then raised by his older sister, Sue Storm. At 16, Storm joined his sister and her fiance, Reed Richards, in a space flight in which cosmic radiation transformed those three and spacecraft pilot Ben Grimm into superpowered beings who would become the celebrated superhero team the Fantastic Four. Storm, with the ability to become a flaming human with the power of flight and the ability to project fire, dubs himself the Human Torch, in tribute to the World War II-era hero of that name. In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner, Timely Comics, returning him to modern continuity. Though a member of a world-famous team, Storm still lived primarily in Glenville and attended Glenville High School. Here he thought he maintained a secret identity, although his fellow townsfolk were well aware of his being a member of the Fantastic Four and simply humored him. This series introduced what would become the recurring Fantastic Four foes the Wizard and Paste-Pot Pete, later known as the Trapster. In Storm's home life, Mike Snow, a member of the high-school wrestling squad, bullied Storm until an accidental flare-up of the Torch's powers scarred Snow's face. Storm dated fellow student Dorrie Evans, although she eventually grew tired of his constant disappearances and broke off their relationship.", "List of space flight simulator games This is a comprehensive index of commercial, indie and freeware space flight simulator games. The list is categorized into four sections: space flight simulators, space flight simulators with an added element of combat, space combat simulators with an added element of trading, and unreleased space flight simulators. A space flight simulator game is software that allows the operator to experience spacecraft space flight in outer space with the added elements of gameplay. There are many different types of simulators. These simulators range in purpose from pure simulation to sheer entertainment. Space flight occurs beyond the Earth's atmosphere, and space flight simulators feature the ability to roll, pitch, and yaw. Space flight simulators use flight dynamics in a free environment; this free environment lets the spacecraft move within the three-dimensional coordinate system or the x, y, and z (applicate) axis.", "Cardiac rhythm problems during space flight Heart rhythm disturbances have been seen among astronauts. Most of these have been related to cardiovascular disease, but it is not clear whether this was due to pre-existing conditions or effects of space flight. It is hoped that advanced screening for coronary disease has greatly mitigated this risk. Other heart rhythm problems, such as atrial fibrillation, can develop over time, necessitating periodic screening of crewmembers\u2019 heart rhythms. Beyond these terrestrial heart risks, some concern exists that prolonged exposure to microgravity may lead to heart rhythm disturbances. Although this has not been observed to date, further surveillance is warranted. The incidence and clinical significance of cardiac arrhythmias during long-term exposure to microgravity experienced on the International Space Station (ISS) or during a prolonged (that is, up to 3 years) sojourn to Mars or on the Moon are a concern for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). At present, there are only anecdotal reports of cardiac arrhythmias in space, including one documented episode of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. However, the potential catastrophic nature of a sudden cardiac death in the remote, but highly public, environment of space flight has led to continued concern since the early days of the space program over the possibility that space flight might be arrhythmogenic. Indeed, there are known and well-defined changes in the cardiovascular system with space flight: Combined, these physiologic adaptations suggest that changes in cardiac structure and neurohumoral environment during space flight could alter electrical conduction, although the evidence supporting this contention consists mostly of minor changes in QT interval in a small number of astronauts after long-duration space flight.", "Although much of the occupancy was on a temporary basis and the personnel complement was widely scattered from Anacostia, D.C., to Silver Spring, Maryland, and points between, the Goddard Space Flight Center had become a physical reality. Goddard Space Flight Center contributed to Project Mercury, America's first manned space flight program. The Center assumed a lead role for the project in its early days and managed the first 250 employees involved in the effort, who were stationed at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. However, the size and scope of Project Mercury soon prompted NASA to build a new \"Manned Spacecraft Center\", now the Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas. Project Mercury's personnel and activities were transferred there in 1961. During the early manned space flight years, including the missions of Project Mercury, Project Gemini and the Apollo program, GSFC was responsible for the management and operations of the communication networks. In 1961, Goddard tracking and data engineers were given responsibility for designing and managing the Mercury Space Flight Network (MSFN), the first consolidated communication network to support manned space flight. Later, GSFC was responsible for the design, management, and operation of the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN), Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN), and finally the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN). In April 1962, NASA launched Ariel 1 - a joint effort between Goddard and the United Kingdom and the first international satellite. Researchers in the U.K. developed the instruments for the satellite, and Goddard managed development of the satellite and the overall project. The ending of the Apollo program brought a new era to Goddard. The drive to the Moon had unified NASA and garnered tremendous support for space efforts from Congress and the country in general. But once that goal was achieved, NASA's role, mission and funding became a little less clear.", "Space flight simulation game A space flight simulation game is a genre of flight simulator video games that lets players experience space flight to varying degrees of realism. Many games feature space combat, and some games feature commerce and trading in addition to combat. Some games in the genre aim to recreate a realistic portrayal of space flight, involving the calculation of orbits within a more complete physics simulation than pseudo space flight simulators. Others focus on gameplay rather than simulating space flight in all its facets. The realism of the latter games is limited to what the game designer deems to be appropriate for the gameplay, instead of focusing on the realism of moving the spacecraft in space. Some \"flight models\" use a physics system based on Newtonian physics, but these are usually limited to maneuvering the craft in its direct environment, and do not take into consideration the orbital calculations that would make such a game a simulator. Many of the pseudo simulators feature faster than light travel. Examples of true simulators which aim at piloting a space craft in a manner that conforms with the laws of nature include \"Orbiter\", \"Kerbal Space Program\" and \"Microsoft Space Simulator\". Examples of more fantastical video games that bend the rules of physics in favor of streamlining and entertainment, include \"Wing Commander\", \"\" and \"Freelancer\". The modern space flight game genre emerged at the point when home computers became sufficiently powerful to draw basic wireframe graphics in real-time. The game \"Elite\" is widely considered to be the breakthrough game of the genre, and as having successfully melded the \"space trading\" and flight sim genres. \"Elite\" was highly influential upon later games of its type, although it did have some precursors. Games similar to \"Elite\" are sometimes called \"\"Elite\"-clones\"."], "answer": {"text": "In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner,", "answer_start": 819}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Human Torch's biography about?", "answer": {"text": "a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was written about johnny storm", "answer": {"text": "Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a loan shark in self-defense.", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he spire into alcholism?", "answer": {"text": "At 16, Storm joined his sister and her fiance, Reed Richards, in a space flight in which cosmic radiation transformed those three and spacecraft pilot Ben Grimm into superpowered beings", "answer_start": 374, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1b1bbd46c6744fb39c644afcca895f1a_1_q#4", "question": "Who is namo", "rewrite": "Who is namo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That song was later selected as the National anthem of Sri Lanka by the Sri Lankan government. The love themed song ' \"Endada Menike\" ' unfolds in the form of a dialogue between a young village boy and a girl. Poetic and beautifully rustic, it became a success and Samarakone followed it with a string of successful songs in the early to mid-1940s, the period considered his golden age. Among his best known works are: In 1945 Samarakoon's only son died at the age of five and the grieving Samarakoon left Sri Lanka for India where he pursued a painting career and held eleven art exhibitions there. Though his painting were critically acclaimed, he returned to music in 1951 back in Sri Lanka. One of Samarakoon's early compositions, \"Namo Namo Mata\" was nominated as the national anthem and was officially adopted as the national anthem of Ceylon on 22 November 1951, from a committee headed by Sir Edwin Wijeyeratne. Critics attacked Namo Namo Mata, particularly the \"Gana\" significance of the introductory words (Namo Namo Matha) which designate disease and ill luck. Samarakone was not a believer in \"Gana\" and the criticism caused him to write numerous articles counterattacking his critics to defend his composition. However, without his consent, the introductory words were changed to \"Sri Lanka Mathaa\" so that the \"Gana\" significance now would designate victory and prosperity. On 5 April 1962, at the age of fifty one, Samarakoon committed suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping tablets and the motive is said to be because the lyrics of one of his compositions were changed without his consent.", "The Indian opposition led by the Congress Party and activists opposed to the incumbent Bharatiya Janata Party have expressed outrage and alleged that it violates India's election laws and the regulations on \"broadcast channels\" under the Programme Codes of the Cable TV Act of 1994. The Bharatiya Janata Party and its supporters claim that this is an exercise of the \"Right to Free Speech\" protected by the Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, a means to address the bias against them and to communicate directly to the voters. They also claim that the NaMo TV does not violate any regulations or laws, as similar \"Direct-to-Home (DTH) operator channels\" have already been distributed by cable and satellite operators in the past since 2006. Others state that the audience has a choice to ignore or tune into the channel, and \"only Modi's most devoted loyalists were likely to tune in\". However, they state that if the BJP pressures public facilities and commercial establishments to show it exclusively during the elections then that would lead to abuse. The Congress Party and activists have filed a complaint to the Indian Election Commission, demanding that the NaMo TV channel be stopped. The Election Commission announced on 12 April that any content broadcast on the NaMo TV must be pre-approved by its committee, and only pre-certified content can be broadcast. On 13 April 2019, the BJP submitted the contents of NaMo TV to the Election Commission designated \"certification and monitoring committee\" for its review and pre-certification. The Election Commission ruled on 19 April 2019, that live speeches of Narendra Modi and other BJP leaders can be broadcast on NaMo TV as well as Twitter platform tweets can be broadcast by Rahul Gandhi and Congress leaders during the silence period. However, neither should mention the constituency or candidates covered by the silence period immediately prior to the polling date.", "Namo Media Namo Media was a technology startup providing in-stream advertisements for mobile applications. It was acquired by Twitter in June 2014 for between $50M and $100M. It was founded by former Googler employees Gabor Cselle, Nassar Stoertz, and Tural Badirkhanli, who raised $1.9M in seed funding from investors that included Google Ventures, Andreessen Horowitz, and Betaworks. Cselle had sold his previous startup reMail to Google in 2010. Namo Media's advertising SDK for Android and iOS allowed developers to integrate native advertising into applications with streams of content, and was the first to implement server-side location control of native ads. In April 2014, Namo Media launched ad carousel upgrade. Namo Media's location control technology was integrated into Twitter's MoPub advertising solutions in October 2014.", "Ceylon continued to use the UK's national anthem as its official national anthem after independence. At the first independence day ceremony held on 4 February 1949 at the Independence Memorial Hall in Torrington Square both \"Namo Namo Matha\" and \"Sri Lanka Matha Pala Yasa Mahima\" were sung, in Sinhala and Tamil, as \"national songs\". More specifically, in 1950 Minister of Finance J. R. Jayewardene requested that the government recognise Samarakoon's \"Namo Namo Matha\" as the official national anthem. The government appointed a committee headed by Edwin Wijeyeratne, Minister of Home Affairs and Rural Development, to pick a new national anthem. The committee heard several songs but, after much deliberation, picked \"Namo Namo Matha\". The committee made a minor change to Samarakoon's song, with his approval, changing the tenth line from \"\"Nawajeewana Damine\"\" to \"\"Nawa Jeewana Demine Nithina Apa Pubudu Karan Matha\"\". The committee's decision was endorsed by the government on 22 November 1951. The anthem was translated into the Tamil language by M. Nallathamby. \" Namo Namo Matha\" was first sung as Ceylon's official national anthem at the independence day ceremony in 1952. In the late 1950s controversy arose over its first line, \"\"Namo Namo Matha, Apa Sri Lanka\"\". It was deemed to be \"unlucky\" and blamed for the country's misfortunes including the deaths of two prime ministers. In February 1961 the government changed the line to their present form, \"\"Sri Lanka Matha, Apa Sri Lanka\"\", despite Samarakoon's strong opposition.", "Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya () (in devanagari: \u0950 \u0928\u092e\u094b \u092d\u0917\u0935\u0924\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u0941\u0926\u0947\u0935\u093e\u092f) is one of the most popular Hindu mantras, and the most important mantra in Vaishnavism. It is called the Dwadasakshari Mantra or simply Dwadasakshari, meaning the \"twelve-syllable\" mantra dedicated to Vishnu as Lord Krishna. It has two traditions\u2014Tantric and Puranic. In the Tantric Tradition, the Rishi of the Mantra is Prajapati; in the Puranic Tradition the Rishi is Narada. Both, however, say it is the Supreme Vishnu Mantra. Sharada Tilak Tantram says:   Similarly, this is the ultimate mantra in Shrimad Bhagavatam. This twelve syllable mantra is known as a Mukti (liberation) mantra and a spiritual formula for attaining freedom. The mantra can also be found in the \"Vishnu Purana\". \"Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya\" means \" \"Om\" , I bow to Lord Vasudeva or Lord Krishna\". \"Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya\" means \"prostration to Vasudeva\" who is variously understood as Krishna or Vishnu.\" Krishna Himself asked His devotees to completely surrender to Him: Krishna also proclaimed \"Everybody should recite \"Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya\" mantra daily whenever possible so that I will stand by them. I respond to the call of the heart immediately and invariably. See Me in your duties. I am committed to those who are committed to their duties. Believe in putting faith in Me and make Me your own\"."], "answer": {"text": "Namor the Sub-Mariner, one of the three most popular heroes of Marvel Comics' 1940s forerunner,", "answer_start": 936}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Human Torch's biography about?", "answer": {"text": "a fictional Long Island suburban town, Johnny Storm lost his mother due to a car accident from which his father, surgeon Franklin Storm, escaped unharmed.", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was written about johnny storm", "answer": {"text": "Franklin Storm spiraled into alcoholism and financial ruin, and was imprisoned after killing a loan shark in self-defense.", "answer_start": 190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he spire into alcholism?", "answer": {"text": "At 16, Storm joined his sister and her fiance, Reed Richards, in a space flight in which cosmic radiation transformed those three and spacecraft pilot Ben Grimm into superpowered beings", "answer_start": 374, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In The Fantastic Four #4, it is Storm who discovers an amnesiac hobo whom he helps regain his memory as the antihero Namor the Sub-Mariner,", "answer_start": 819, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#0", "question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "rewrite": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["(as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaelic Ireland consisted of as few as five and as many as nine Primary kingdoms (Cuaighe) which were often subdivided into many minor smaller kingdoms (Tutha). The primary kingdoms were Ailech, Airg\u00edalla, Connacht, Leinster, Mide, Osraige, Munster, Thomond and Ulster. Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities. The role of High King of Ireland was primarily titular and rarely (if ever) absolute. Gaelic Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. The names of Connacht, Ulster, Leinster and Munster are still in use, now applied to the four modern provinces of Ireland. The following is a list of the main Irish kingdoms and their kings: M\u00e1ire Herbert has noted that \"Annal evidence from the late eighth century in Ireland suggests that the larger provincial kingships were already accruing power at the expense of smaller political units. Leading kings appear in public roles at church-state proclamations...and at royal conferences with their peers.\" (2000, p. 62). Responding to the assumption of the title \"ri hErenn uile\" (\"king of all Ireland\") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that the ninth-century assumption of the title of \"ri Erenn\" was a first step towards the definition of a national kingship and a territorially-based Irish realm. Yet change only gained ground after the stranglehold of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill power-structures was broken in the eleventh century. ... The renaming of a kingship ... engendered a new self-perception which shaped the future definition of a kingdom and of its subjects.", "Gaels The Gaels (; ; ; ) are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in northwestern Europe. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Historically, the ethnonyms \"Irish\" and \"Scots\" referred to the Gaels in general, but the scope of those ethnicities and nationalities is today more complex. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to D\u00e1l Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raided Roman Britain. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of Scotland and the Isle of Man. There was also some Gaelic settlement in Wales and Cornwall. In the Viking Age, small numbers of Vikings raided and settled in Gaelic lands, becoming the Norse-Gaels. In the 9th century, D\u00e1l Riata and Pictland merged to form the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. Meanwhile, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King often claiming lordship over them. In the 12th century, Normans conquered parts of Ireland (leading to centuries of conflict), while parts of Scotland became Normanized. However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the Scottish Highlands and Galloway. In the early 17th century, the last Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland fell under English control. James I sought to subdue the Gaels and wipe out their culture; in Ireland by colonizing Gaelic land with English-speaking British settlers, and in the Scottish Highlands via repressive laws such as the Statutes of Iona. In the following centuries the Gaelic language was suppressed and mostly supplanted by English. However, it continues to be the main language in Ireland's Gaeltacht and Scotland's Outer Hebrides.", "In turn this resulted in considerable numbers of the Hiberno-Norman Old English nobility joining the independent Gaelic nobles in asserting their feudal independence. Eventually the crown's power shrank to a small fortified enclave around Dublin known as the Pale. The Parliament thereafter became essentially the forum for the Pale community until the 16th century. Unable to implement and exercise the authority of the Parliament or the Crown's rule outside of this environ, and increasingly under the attack of raids by the Gaelic Irish and independent Hiberno-Norman nobles, the Palesmen themselves encouraged the Kings of England to take a more direct role in the affairs of Ireland. Geographic distance, the lack of attention by the Crown because of the Hundred Years' War and the Wars of the Roses, and the larger power of the Gaelic clans, all reduced the effectiveness of the Irish Parliament. Thus, increasingly worried that the Irish Parliament was essentially being overawed by powerful landed families in Ireland like the Earl of Kildare into passing laws that pursued the agendas of the different dynastic factions in the country, in 1494, the Parliament encouraged the passing of Poynings' Law which subordinated Irish Parliament to the English one. The role of the Parliament changed after 1541, when Henry VIII declared the Kingdom of Ireland and embarked on the Tudor conquest of Ireland. Despite an era which featured royal concentration of power and decreasing feudal power throughout the rest of Europe, King Henry VIII over-ruled earlier court rulings putting families and lands under attainder and recognised the privileges of the Gaelic nobles, thereby expanding the crown's \"de jure\" authority. In return for recognising the crown's authority under the new Kingdom of Ireland, the Gaelic-Anglo-Irish lords had their position legalised and were entitled to attend the Irish Parliament as equals under the policy of surrender and regrant.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes", "Ireland's Own  Ireland's Own is a family magazine published weekly in Ireland. It specialises in lightweight content, traditional stories, and uncontroversial family content, including puzzles and recipes. It was launched on 26 November 1902 by John M. Walshe of People Newspapers, and originally cost just 1d. For the first half of 2007, the magazine had an average circulation of 40,905, according to the Audited Bureau of Circulations. The People Newspaper Group (which also included the \"Wicklow People\", the \"Wexford People\" and the \"Waterford People\") is now owned by the Irish media giant Independent News and Media. The magazine was designed to offer \"wholesome Irish Catholic fare\" to challenge the appearance of British newspapers in Ireland like the \"News of the World\" (which were denounced as \"scandal-sheets\" that lowered the moral tone of late 19th century/early 20th century Ireland). The magazine's appearance coincided with a broad stressing of Irish identity as a reaction to British imports. Among the other examples were the creation of the Gaelic Athletic Association to promote Gaelic games and to halt the growth of soccer and rugby (1880s), the appearance of the Gaelic League to promote the Irish language (1893), and the growth in the \"Irish-Ireland\" movement reflected in the creation of the Abbey Theatre to promote Irish arts (1904) and the creation by Arthur Griffith in 1904 of Cumann na nGaedheal to protest at the visit of King George V and his queen, Mary of Teck. \"Ireland's Own\" saw its role as projecting an image of Ireland free from \"alien\" influence, hence a content free from anything perceived as \"scandalous\" or \"anti-Catholic\"."], "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the trade between Gaelic Ireland and Britain and mainland Europe, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the fifty years before the Norman invasion, the term \"castle\" (Old Irish: caistel/caislen) appears in Gaelic writings, although there are no surviving examples of pre-Norman castles. After the invasion, the Normans built motte-and-bailey castles in the areas they occupied, some of which were converted from ringforts. By 1300 \"some mottes, especially in frontier areas, had almost certainly been built by the Gaelic Irish in imitation\". The Normans gradually replaced wooden motte-and-baileys with stone castles and tower houses. Tower houses are free-standing multi-storey stone towers usually surrounded by a wall (see bawn) and ancillary buildings. Gaelic families had begun to build their own tower houses by the 15th century. As many as 7000 may have been built, but they were rare in areas with little Norman settlement or contact. They are concentrated in counties Limerick and Clare but are lacking in Ulster, except the area around Strangford Lough. In Gaelic law, a 'sanctuary' called a maighin digona surrounded each person's dwelling. The maighin digona's size varied according to the owner's rank. In the case of a boaire it stretched as far as he, while sitting at his house, could cast a cnairsech (variously described as a spear or sledgehammer). The owner of a maighin digona could offer its protection to someone fleeing from pursuers, who would then have to bring that person to justice by lawful means. Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries. Tacitus, for example, wrote in the 1st century that most of Ireland's harbours were known to the Romans through commerce.", "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries. Tacitus, for example, wrote in the 1st century that most of Ireland's harbours were known to the Romans through commerce. There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster included a market of foreign traders. In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items. Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services. The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products. Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth. They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble\". The nobility owned great herds of cattle that had herdsmen and guards. Sheep, goats and pigs were also a valuable resource but had a lesser role in Irish pastoralism. Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen. Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months. The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill) originally meant a herdsman. Many moorland areas were \"shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony\".", "Gaels The Gaels (; ; ; ) are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in northwestern Europe. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Historically, the ethnonyms \"Irish\" and \"Scots\" referred to the Gaels in general, but the scope of those ethnicities and nationalities is today more complex. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to D\u00e1l Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raided Roman Britain. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of Scotland and the Isle of Man. There was also some Gaelic settlement in Wales and Cornwall. In the Viking Age, small numbers of Vikings raided and settled in Gaelic lands, becoming the Norse-Gaels. In the 9th century, D\u00e1l Riata and Pictland merged to form the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. Meanwhile, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King often claiming lordship over them. In the 12th century, Normans conquered parts of Ireland (leading to centuries of conflict), while parts of Scotland became Normanized. However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the Scottish Highlands and Galloway. In the early 17th century, the last Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland fell under English control. James I sought to subdue the Gaels and wipe out their culture; in Ireland by colonizing Gaelic land with English-speaking British settlers, and in the Scottish Highlands via repressive laws such as the Statutes of Iona. In the following centuries the Gaelic language was suppressed and mostly supplanted by English. However, it continues to be the main language in Ireland's Gaeltacht and Scotland's Outer Hebrides.", "(as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaelic Ireland consisted of as few as five and as many as nine Primary kingdoms (Cuaighe) which were often subdivided into many minor smaller kingdoms (Tutha). The primary kingdoms were Ailech, Airg\u00edalla, Connacht, Leinster, Mide, Osraige, Munster, Thomond and Ulster. Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities. The role of High King of Ireland was primarily titular and rarely (if ever) absolute. Gaelic Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. The names of Connacht, Ulster, Leinster and Munster are still in use, now applied to the four modern provinces of Ireland. The following is a list of the main Irish kingdoms and their kings: M\u00e1ire Herbert has noted that \"Annal evidence from the late eighth century in Ireland suggests that the larger provincial kingships were already accruing power at the expense of smaller political units. Leading kings appear in public roles at church-state proclamations...and at royal conferences with their peers.\" (2000, p. 62). Responding to the assumption of the title \"ri hErenn uile\" (\"king of all Ireland\") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that the ninth-century assumption of the title of \"ri Erenn\" was a first step towards the definition of a national kingship and a territorially-based Irish realm. Yet change only gained ground after the stranglehold of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill power-structures was broken in the eleventh century. ... The renaming of a kingship ... engendered a new self-perception which shaped the future definition of a kingdom and of its subjects.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes"], "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#2", "question": "What kind of items", "rewrite": "What kind of luxury items were imported to Gaelic Ireland from foreign lands?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Female intrasexual competition Female intrasexual competition is when females compete with each other over a potential mate. Such behaviour might include self-promotion tactics and competitor derogation (direct and indirect forms of aggression) towards other females. Variables that influence female intrasexual competition include: genetic quality of males, ovarian hormones and hormonal variations and interpersonal dynamics. There are two modes of sexual selection: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection. Intersexual selection is where members of a competitive sex appear to show off desirable characteristics in order to get the attention of a potential mate, increasing their chances of being selected as a mate. Intrasexual selection is when members of the same sex compete with each other over a potential mate. Self-promotion tactics are one of the main strategies that can be used during intrasexual competition for mates. It is often perceived to be the most socially desirable strategy, as it can be perceived as self-improvement, rather than an attack on competitors. Self-promotion tactics are especially useful for when women are looking for short-term mates, as such tactics will directly promote their sexual availability. Self-promotion tactics refers to the different strategies that women might use to make themselves look better compared to other competing women. For example, women are interested in luxury items that enhance their attractiveness. Luxury items can indicate attractiveness by emphasising a higher status, which is a factor that potential mates will take into consideration. When testing for female intrasexual competition, research has shown that women would purposely choose luxury items that boosts their level of attractiveness, and will disregard non-attractive items, even if they are luxury items. When consuming attractive luxury items, women are perceived to be more attractive, young, and flirty by other women.", "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries. Tacitus, for example, wrote in the 1st century that most of Ireland's harbours were known to the Romans through commerce. There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster included a market of foreign traders. In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items. Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services. The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products. Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth. They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble\". The nobility owned great herds of cattle that had herdsmen and guards. Sheep, goats and pigs were also a valuable resource but had a lesser role in Irish pastoralism. Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen. Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months. The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill) originally meant a herdsman. Many moorland areas were \"shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony\".", "Kropotkin further argues that with the level of production output being so high people should not have to work more than five hours a day and they should be able to reduce that as much as possible, giving them free time to work on innovations that would reduce their labor. Near the end of this section, Kropotkin discusses luxury items, recognizing that they are a necessity for a good life and affirming that luxury items would still be produced, even if production was taken under the purview of common need. Kropotkin claims that luxury items would be produced on a collective basis by those most interested in their production. He uses an example of a group of pianists dedicating time to building luxury pianos with the help of a group of collective carpenters who are interested in carpentry. Kropotkin argues that this system of collective production could produce necessary luxury items\u2014on top of the production of the necessities\u2014for everybody to live a fulfilling life. In the final chapters, Kropotkin lays out what he feels will be prominent objections to his theory as well as his response to them. He figures that many critics will claim that people are lazy and they would not work willingly, even if it is only for five hours for the necessities. Kropotkin counters by saying that people are willing to work in jobs they enjoy and given the necessary free time to work on their own, with the guarantee of material stability, people will work willingly on collective gardens or in collective garment factories. Near the end of the work, Kropotkin cautions against the state centralization of industry, warning people against more authoritarian strands of socialism and claiming that any revolution must guarantee bread and freedom to the workers and revolutionaries.", "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster included a market of foreign traders. In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items. Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services. The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products. Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth. They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble\". The nobility owned great herds of cattle that had herdsmen and guards. Sheep, goats and pigs were also a valuable resource but had a lesser role in Irish pastoralism. Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen. Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months. The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill) originally meant a herdsman. Many moorland areas were \"shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony\". Gaelic Ireland was well furnished with roads and bridges. Bridges were typically wooden and in some places the roads were laid with wood and stone.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes"], "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#3", "question": "What else did Gaelic Ireland consist of", "rewrite": "Other than exports of textiles and imports of luxury items, what else did Gaelic Ireland's economy consist of?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster included a market of foreign traders. In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items. Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services. The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products. Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth. They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble\". The nobility owned great herds of cattle that had herdsmen and guards. Sheep, goats and pigs were also a valuable resource but had a lesser role in Irish pastoralism. Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen. Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months. The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill) originally meant a herdsman. Many moorland areas were \"shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony\". Gaelic Ireland was well furnished with roads and bridges. Bridges were typically wooden and in some places the roads were laid with wood and stone.", "The revenue system was biased in favour of higher value cash crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar cane, tree-crops, and opium, providing state incentives to grow cash crops, adding to rising market demand. Under the \"zabt\" system, the Mughals conducted extensive cadastral surveying to assess the cultivated area. The Mughal state encouraged greater land cultivation by offering tax-free periods to those who brought new land under cultivation. According to evidence cited by economic historians Immanuel Wallerstein, Irfan Habib, Percival Spear, and Ashok Desai, per-capita agricultural output and standards of consumption in 17th-century Mughal India was higher than in 17th-century Europe and early 20th-century British India. Until the 18th century, Mughal India was the most important manufacturing center for international trade. Key industries included textiles, shipbuilding and steel. Processed products included cotton textiles, yarns, thread, silk, jute products, metalware, and foods such as sugar, oils and butter. This growth of manufacturing has been referred to as a form of proto-industrialization, similar to 18th-century Western Europe prior to the Industrial Revolution. Early modern Europe imported products from Mughal India, particularly cotton textiles, spices, peppers, indigo, silks and saltpeter (for use in munitions). European fashion, for example, became increasingly dependent on Indian textiles and silks. From the late 17th century to the early 18th century, Mughal India accounted for 95% of British imports from Asia, and the Bengal Subah province alone accounted for 40% of Dutch imports from Asia. In contrast, demand for European goods in Mughal India was light. Exports were limited to some woolens, unprocessed metals and a few luxury items. The trade imbalance caused Europeans to export large quantities of gold and silver to Mughal India to pay for South Asian imports.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes", "Female intrasexual competition Female intrasexual competition is when females compete with each other over a potential mate. Such behaviour might include self-promotion tactics and competitor derogation (direct and indirect forms of aggression) towards other females. Variables that influence female intrasexual competition include: genetic quality of males, ovarian hormones and hormonal variations and interpersonal dynamics. There are two modes of sexual selection: intersexual selection and intrasexual selection. Intersexual selection is where members of a competitive sex appear to show off desirable characteristics in order to get the attention of a potential mate, increasing their chances of being selected as a mate. Intrasexual selection is when members of the same sex compete with each other over a potential mate. Self-promotion tactics are one of the main strategies that can be used during intrasexual competition for mates. It is often perceived to be the most socially desirable strategy, as it can be perceived as self-improvement, rather than an attack on competitors. Self-promotion tactics are especially useful for when women are looking for short-term mates, as such tactics will directly promote their sexual availability. Self-promotion tactics refers to the different strategies that women might use to make themselves look better compared to other competing women. For example, women are interested in luxury items that enhance their attractiveness. Luxury items can indicate attractiveness by emphasising a higher status, which is a factor that potential mates will take into consideration. When testing for female intrasexual competition, research has shown that women would purposely choose luxury items that boosts their level of attractiveness, and will disregard non-attractive items, even if they are luxury items. When consuming attractive luxury items, women are perceived to be more attractive, young, and flirty by other women.", "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries. Tacitus, for example, wrote in the 1st century that most of Ireland's harbours were known to the Romans through commerce. There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster included a market of foreign traders. In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items. Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services. The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products. Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth. They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble\". The nobility owned great herds of cattle that had herdsmen and guards. Sheep, goats and pigs were also a valuable resource but had a lesser role in Irish pastoralism. Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen. Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months. The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill) originally meant a herdsman. Many moorland areas were \"shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony\"."], "answer": {"text": "Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services.", "answer_start": 550}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of items", "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#4", "question": "Where did the exchange happen at", "rewrite": "Where did the exchange of goods and services happen in Gaelic Ireland?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To help compensate, Necro writes that he gave \"1,000's of \"I Need Drugs\" sampler cassettes\" to fans for free, often mailing them as a promotion. \"I Need Drugs\" was followed by his 2000 album \"Instrumentals Vol. 1\", and the following year he released the compilation album \"\" by his collaborator and brother Ill Bill. \" The Early Years: Rare Demos '91\u2013'94\" is the first rarities released under Psycho+Logical-Records. Featured guests on the compilation include Non Phixion and Circle of Tyrants member Goretex. These tracks where recorded between 1991 and 1994. Necro went on to release several more albums in 2001, including \"Gory Days\" with Select-O-Hits as a distributor. The label has a long history of releasing instrumental albums to accompany major studio releases, such as \"Gory Days Instrumentals\" in 2003. The first wave of albums released on Necro's label were entirely produced by Necro himself. This includes the debut solo albums of Non Phixion members Ill Bill, Sabac Red and Goretex after he already produced 7 songs for Non Phixion's debut album \" The Future Is Now\" in 2002 and Non Phixion's \"The Green CD\" in 2004, and two albums for label member Mr Hyde. \" What's Wrong with Bill? \" is Ill Bill's debut studio album, released on March 2, 2004 by Psycho+Logical. The album spawned one single, \"The Anatomy of a School Shooting\", and a music video for \"Chasing the Dragon\". Necro produced the entire album.", "Ill Bill William Braunstein (born July 14, 1972), better known as Ill Bill, is an American rapper and record producer from Brooklyn, New York. Having gained notoriety in the underground hip hop group Non Phixion, Ill Bill is known for his diverse lyrics and as the producer, founder and CEO of Uncle Howie Records. His brother Ron is also a rapper and producer, known as Necro. In late 1994, MC Serch (of 3rd Bass fame) took his prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Sabac Red and teamed him up with DJ Eclipse and Ill Bill, thereby creating the group known as Non Phixion. Within six months Goretex, a childhood friend of Ill Bill, had joined the crew after freestyling for MC Serch. MC Serch did not appear in Non Phixions first album \" The Future Is Now\". Non Phixion made two studio albums and a promotional tape named \"The Past, The Present And The Future Is Now\" that was released before their first album \" The Future Is Now\", all Non Phixion's work is highly regarded in the underground hip hop scene. Ill Bills brother Necro produced a lot of material for Non Phixion, including most of \"The Past, The Present And The Future Is Now\" and several other tracks from \"The Green CD\" and \"The Future Is Now\". Circle of Tyrants was an underground hip hop group consisting of Necro, Ill BIll, Mr Hyde and Goretex. The group only released one album, named \"The Circle of Tyrants\" which was released in 2005 under Necro's Psycho-Logical-Records. Necro produced all tracks on this album. Though only releasing one album, these four members often collaborated at the same time on the members solo albums.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes", "(as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaelic Ireland consisted of as few as five and as many as nine Primary kingdoms (Cuaighe) which were often subdivided into many minor smaller kingdoms (Tutha). The primary kingdoms were Ailech, Airg\u00edalla, Connacht, Leinster, Mide, Osraige, Munster, Thomond and Ulster. Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities. The role of High King of Ireland was primarily titular and rarely (if ever) absolute. Gaelic Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. The names of Connacht, Ulster, Leinster and Munster are still in use, now applied to the four modern provinces of Ireland. The following is a list of the main Irish kingdoms and their kings: M\u00e1ire Herbert has noted that \"Annal evidence from the late eighth century in Ireland suggests that the larger provincial kingships were already accruing power at the expense of smaller political units. Leading kings appear in public roles at church-state proclamations...and at royal conferences with their peers.\" (2000, p. 62). Responding to the assumption of the title \"ri hErenn uile\" (\"king of all Ireland\") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that the ninth-century assumption of the title of \"ri Erenn\" was a first step towards the definition of a national kingship and a territorially-based Irish realm. Yet change only gained ground after the stranglehold of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill power-structures was broken in the eleventh century. ... The renaming of a kingship ... engendered a new self-perception which shaped the future definition of a kingdom and of its subjects.", "Necro plays a hip-hop subgenre called horrorcore. He has played rap metal and has combined rap with death metal music. Necro refers to his music as \"death rap\" to describe his style of ultraviolent hip hop and to distinguish himself from other genre labels created by the media. His music combines death metal beats with explicit raps about violence, death, the occult, drugs and sex. Necro is a self-taught musician and has been playing instruments since the age of ten. He started producing hip hop beats in 1989 by looping up records and bought an Ensoniq EPS in 1991. In the following years he produced beats for artists like Non Phixion, Cage, Krist and Missing Linx, who all released independent singles. The first record he produced that received airplay was \"No Tomorrow\" by Non Phixion in 1996, put out on Searchlight Music /FatBeats Distribution. The first wave of albums released on Necro's label were produced by Necro himself. This includes the debut solo albums of Non-Phixion members Ill Bill, Sabac Red and Goretex after he already produced 7 songs for Non Phixion's debut album \" The Future Is Now\" in 2002 and Non Phixion's \"The Green CD' in 2004, and two albums for label member Mr Hyde. In 2009, a beat Necro produced in 1997 was used by Raekwon on his album \" Only Built 4 Cuban Linx... Pt. II\" for the song \"Gihad\", which also featured Ghostface Killah. Since the inception of his rap career Necro has been influenced by the genre of heavy metal, and more specifically death metal, which has altered his path into hip hop."], "answer": {"text": "The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products.", "answer_start": 672}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of items", "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Gaelic Ireland consist of", "answer": {"text": "Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services.", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#5", "question": "What else happen with the economy", "rewrite": "Aside from imports, exports, the direct exchange of goods and services, and the primarily pastoral products, what else happened with the economy of Gaelic Ireland?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries. Tacitus, for example, wrote in the 1st century that most of Ireland's harbours were known to the Romans through commerce. There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster included a market of foreign traders. In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items. Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services. The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products. Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth. They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble\". The nobility owned great herds of cattle that had herdsmen and guards. Sheep, goats and pigs were also a valuable resource but had a lesser role in Irish pastoralism. Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen. Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months. The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill) originally meant a herdsman. Many moorland areas were \"shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony\".", "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster included a market of foreign traders. In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items. Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services. The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products. Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth. They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble\". The nobility owned great herds of cattle that had herdsmen and guards. Sheep, goats and pigs were also a valuable resource but had a lesser role in Irish pastoralism. Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen. Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months. The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill) originally meant a herdsman. Many moorland areas were \"shared as a common summer pasturage by the people of a whole parish or barony\". Gaelic Ireland was well furnished with roads and bridges. Bridges were typically wooden and in some places the roads were laid with wood and stone.", "One of the very first measures the new central bank took was to give itself the ability to implement its own economic agenda as it saw fit and quickly took strides to better defend the economy and people from the world markets. By the middle of the century, pastoral products made up over 90% of the country's exports with more than 60% of that going towards the British market, which established a heavy reliance upon Britain for access to its markets. Growth and production were strong and consistent beginning in 1935 following the Great Depression and lasting through the Second World War as both men and women worked outside of the home to contribute to the war. The economy slowed down following the end of the war, but surged again from the 1950s through the 1960s and was brought about by high demand for pastoral products and a labor force that was growing fast enough to fit right into the growing manufacturing sector. Trading had never been better for New Zealand and prices skyrocketed for virtually all of their exporting products, which meant that New Zealand was quickly climbing up the income rankings. During the 1950s, the income per-capita in New Zealand was 88% of that in the United States. This was helped by tough import controls, which gave the local manufacturers the ability to manufacture nearly identical products locally, expand their factories and operations, and compete against the much higher priced imports. The Reserve Bank's primary role during this time was to implement and handle the effects of the fluctuations in government spending as the inflation rates remained low through the end of the 1960s. The 1950s were exceptionally prosperous for New Zealand, but it was evident that Britain was beginning to look elsewhere in Europe for trading partners. This meant that New Zealand would have to struggle for access to the markets it once supplied with its products, especially once the United Kingdom joined the EEC in 1973 and all trade agreements with New Zealand officially came to an end.", "The direct exchange geothermal heat pump (DX) is the oldest type of geothermal heat pump technology. The ground-coupling is achieved through a single loop, circulating refrigerant, in direct thermal contact with the ground (as opposed to a combination of a refrigerant loop and a water loop). The refrigerant leaves the heat pump cabinet, circulates through a loop of copper tube buried underground, and exchanges heat with the ground before returning to the pump. The name \"direct exchange\" refers to heat transfer between the refrigerant loop and the ground without the use of an intermediate fluid. There is no direct interaction between the fluid and the earth; only heat transfer through the pipe wall. Direct exchange heat pumps are not to be confused with \"water-source heat pumps\" or \"water loop heat pumps\" since there is no water in the ground loop. ASHRAE defines the term ground-coupled heat pump to encompass closed loop and direct exchange systems, while excluding open loops. Direct exchange systems are more efficient and have potentially lower installation costs than closed loop water systems. Copper's high thermal conductivity contributes to the higher efficiency of the system, but heat flow is predominantly limited by the thermal conductivity of the ground, not the pipe. The main reasons for the higher efficiency are the elimination of the water pump (which uses electricity), the elimination of the water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger (which is a source of heat losses), and most importantly, the latent heat phase change of the refrigerant in the ground itself. However, in case of leakage there is virtually no risk of contaminating the ground or the ground water. Contrary to water-source geothermal systems, direct exchange systems do not contain antifreeze.", "Direct exchange geothermal heat pump A direct exchange (DX) geothermal heat pump is a type of geothermal heat pump (or ground source heat pump) in which refrigerant circulates through copper tubing placed in the ground. It is a closed-loop, refrigerant-based geothermal system. Direct exchange geothermal heat pumps function similarly to air source heat pumps, according to the principles of vapor compression refrigeration, except they take advantage of the relatively constant ground temperatures, which are less variable than outdoor air temperatures. Ground temperature is cooler than the outdoor air temperature in summer \u2013 making for a better heat sink \u2013 and warmer in the winter \u2013 making for a better heat source. Direct exchange geothermal heat pumps are therefore more efficient than air source heat pumps. They are also quieter, more durable and require less maintenance since they don\u2019t have any outdoor fan or outdoor coil. Furthermore, the uniformity of the underground temperature compared to the outdoor air translates into less stress on the systems. In direct exchange systems, the refrigerant exchanges heat directly with the soil through the copper tubing. The designation \u201cdirect exchange\" therefore refers to the heat transfer between the earth and the ground loop without the use of any intermediary. By contrast, water-based geothermal systems rely on two loops on the ground side: a primary refrigerant loop, contained in the appliance cabinet where it exchanges heat with a secondary ground loop that is buried underground and is made of high-density polyethylene containing a mixture of water and anti-freeze (propylene glycol, denatured alcohol or methanol). Direct exchange systems eliminate the plastic water pipe and water circulating pump found in water-source geothermal systems."], "answer": {"text": "Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth.", "answer_start": 783}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of items", "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Gaelic Ireland consist of", "answer": {"text": "Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services.", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the exchange happen at", "answer": {"text": "The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products.", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#6", "question": "what did they do with the items", "rewrite": "What did people in Gaelic Ireland do with the products from cattle?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Armagh  Armagh ( ; , , \"Macha's height\") is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland \u2013 the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (\"Eamhain Mhacha\") was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture. Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012, both by Queen Elizabeth II. It had a population of 14,777 people in the 2011 Census, making it the least-populated city in Ireland and the fifth smallest in the United Kingdom. \"Eamhain Mhacha\" (or Navan Fort), at the western edge of Armagh, is believed to have been an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was one of the great royal sites of Gaelic Ireland and the capital of Ulster. It appears to have been largely abandoned after the 1st century. In the 3rd century, a ditch and bank was dug around the top of Cathedral Hill, the heart of what is now Armagh. Its circular shape matches the modern street layout. Evidence suggests that it was a pagan sanctuary and the successor to Navan. Like Navan, it too was named after the goddess Macha \u2013 \"Ard Mhacha\" means \"Macha's height\". This name was later anglicised as \"Ardmagh\", which eventually became \"Armagh\".", "Gaels The Gaels (; ; ; ) are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in northwestern Europe. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Historically, the ethnonyms \"Irish\" and \"Scots\" referred to the Gaels in general, but the scope of those ethnicities and nationalities is today more complex. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to D\u00e1l Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raided Roman Britain. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of Scotland and the Isle of Man. There was also some Gaelic settlement in Wales and Cornwall. In the Viking Age, small numbers of Vikings raided and settled in Gaelic lands, becoming the Norse-Gaels. In the 9th century, D\u00e1l Riata and Pictland merged to form the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. Meanwhile, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King often claiming lordship over them. In the 12th century, Normans conquered parts of Ireland (leading to centuries of conflict), while parts of Scotland became Normanized. However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the Scottish Highlands and Galloway. In the early 17th century, the last Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland fell under English control. James I sought to subdue the Gaels and wipe out their culture; in Ireland by colonizing Gaelic land with English-speaking British settlers, and in the Scottish Highlands via repressive laws such as the Statutes of Iona. In the following centuries the Gaelic language was suppressed and mostly supplanted by English. However, it continues to be the main language in Ireland's Gaeltacht and Scotland's Outer Hebrides.", "By a certain point, probably during the 11th century, all the inhabitants of Alba had become fully Gaelicised Scots, and Pictish identity was forgotten. In 1018, after the conquest of the Lothians by the Kingdom of Scotland, Gaelic reached its social, cultural, political, and geographic zenith. Colloquial speech in Scotland had been developing independently of that in Ireland since the eighth century. For the first time, the entire region of modern-day Scotland was called ' in Latin, and Gaelic was the '. In southern Scotland, Gaelic was strong in Galloway, adjoining areas to the north and west, West Lothian, and parts of western Midlothian. It was spoken to a lesser degree in north Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, the Clyde Valley and eastern Dumfriesshire. In south-eastern Scotland, there is no evidence that Gaelic was ever widely spoken. Many historians mark the reign of King Malcom Canmore (Malcolm III) as the beginning of Gaelic's eclipse in Scotland. His wife Margaret of Wessex spoke no Gaelic, gave her children Anglo-Saxon rather than Gaelic names, and brought many English bishops, priests, and monastics to Scotland. When Malcolm and Margaret died in 1093, the Gaelic aristocracy rejected their anglicised sons and instead backed Malcolm's brother Donald B\u00e0n. Donald had spent 17 years in Gaelic Ireland and his power base was in the thoroughly Gaelic west of Scotland. He was the last Scottish monarch to be buried on Iona, the traditional burial place of the Gaelic Kings of and the Kingdom of Alba. However, during the reigns of Malcolm Canmore's sons, Edgar, Alexander I and David I (their successive reigns lasting 1097\u20131153), Anglo-Norman names and practices spread throughout Scotland south of the Forth\u2013Clyde line and along the northeastern coastal plain as far north as Moray.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes", "(as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaelic Ireland consisted of as few as five and as many as nine Primary kingdoms (Cuaighe) which were often subdivided into many minor smaller kingdoms (Tutha). The primary kingdoms were Ailech, Airg\u00edalla, Connacht, Leinster, Mide, Osraige, Munster, Thomond and Ulster. Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities. The role of High King of Ireland was primarily titular and rarely (if ever) absolute. Gaelic Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. The names of Connacht, Ulster, Leinster and Munster are still in use, now applied to the four modern provinces of Ireland. The following is a list of the main Irish kingdoms and their kings: M\u00e1ire Herbert has noted that \"Annal evidence from the late eighth century in Ireland suggests that the larger provincial kingships were already accruing power at the expense of smaller political units. Leading kings appear in public roles at church-state proclamations...and at royal conferences with their peers.\" (2000, p. 62). Responding to the assumption of the title \"ri hErenn uile\" (\"king of all Ireland\") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that the ninth-century assumption of the title of \"ri Erenn\" was a first step towards the definition of a national kingship and a territorially-based Irish realm. Yet change only gained ground after the stranglehold of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill power-structures was broken in the eleventh century. ... The renaming of a kingship ... engendered a new self-perception which shaped the future definition of a kingdom and of its subjects."], "answer": {"text": "They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble", "answer_start": 936}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of items", "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Gaelic Ireland consist of", "answer": {"text": "Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services.", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the exchange happen at", "answer": {"text": "The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products.", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happen with the economy", "answer": {"text": "Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth.", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#7", "question": "Was there any problems", "rewrite": "Were there any problems with the economy of Gaelic Ireland?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Armagh  Armagh ( ; , , \"Macha's height\") is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland \u2013 the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (\"Eamhain Mhacha\") was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture. Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012, both by Queen Elizabeth II. It had a population of 14,777 people in the 2011 Census, making it the least-populated city in Ireland and the fifth smallest in the United Kingdom. \"Eamhain Mhacha\" (or Navan Fort), at the western edge of Armagh, is believed to have been an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was one of the great royal sites of Gaelic Ireland and the capital of Ulster. It appears to have been largely abandoned after the 1st century. In the 3rd century, a ditch and bank was dug around the top of Cathedral Hill, the heart of what is now Armagh. Its circular shape matches the modern street layout. Evidence suggests that it was a pagan sanctuary and the successor to Navan. Like Navan, it too was named after the goddess Macha \u2013 \"Ard Mhacha\" means \"Macha's height\". This name was later anglicised as \"Ardmagh\", which eventually became \"Armagh\".", "(as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaelic Ireland consisted of as few as five and as many as nine Primary kingdoms (Cuaighe) which were often subdivided into many minor smaller kingdoms (Tutha). The primary kingdoms were Ailech, Airg\u00edalla, Connacht, Leinster, Mide, Osraige, Munster, Thomond and Ulster. Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities. The role of High King of Ireland was primarily titular and rarely (if ever) absolute. Gaelic Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. The names of Connacht, Ulster, Leinster and Munster are still in use, now applied to the four modern provinces of Ireland. The following is a list of the main Irish kingdoms and their kings: M\u00e1ire Herbert has noted that \"Annal evidence from the late eighth century in Ireland suggests that the larger provincial kingships were already accruing power at the expense of smaller political units. Leading kings appear in public roles at church-state proclamations...and at royal conferences with their peers.\" (2000, p. 62). Responding to the assumption of the title \"ri hErenn uile\" (\"king of all Ireland\") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that the ninth-century assumption of the title of \"ri Erenn\" was a first step towards the definition of a national kingship and a territorially-based Irish realm. Yet change only gained ground after the stranglehold of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill power-structures was broken in the eleventh century. ... The renaming of a kingship ... engendered a new self-perception which shaped the future definition of a kingdom and of its subjects.", "Gaels The Gaels (; ; ; ) are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in northwestern Europe. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Historically, the ethnonyms \"Irish\" and \"Scots\" referred to the Gaels in general, but the scope of those ethnicities and nationalities is today more complex. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to D\u00e1l Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raided Roman Britain. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of Scotland and the Isle of Man. There was also some Gaelic settlement in Wales and Cornwall. In the Viking Age, small numbers of Vikings raided and settled in Gaelic lands, becoming the Norse-Gaels. In the 9th century, D\u00e1l Riata and Pictland merged to form the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. Meanwhile, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King often claiming lordship over them. In the 12th century, Normans conquered parts of Ireland (leading to centuries of conflict), while parts of Scotland became Normanized. However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the Scottish Highlands and Galloway. In the early 17th century, the last Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland fell under English control. James I sought to subdue the Gaels and wipe out their culture; in Ireland by colonizing Gaelic land with English-speaking British settlers, and in the Scottish Highlands via repressive laws such as the Statutes of Iona. In the following centuries the Gaelic language was suppressed and mostly supplanted by English. However, it continues to be the main language in Ireland's Gaeltacht and Scotland's Outer Hebrides.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes", "By a certain point, probably during the 11th century, all the inhabitants of Alba had become fully Gaelicised Scots, and Pictish identity was forgotten. In 1018, after the conquest of the Lothians by the Kingdom of Scotland, Gaelic reached its social, cultural, political, and geographic zenith. Colloquial speech in Scotland had been developing independently of that in Ireland since the eighth century. For the first time, the entire region of modern-day Scotland was called ' in Latin, and Gaelic was the '. In southern Scotland, Gaelic was strong in Galloway, adjoining areas to the north and west, West Lothian, and parts of western Midlothian. It was spoken to a lesser degree in north Ayrshire, Renfrewshire, the Clyde Valley and eastern Dumfriesshire. In south-eastern Scotland, there is no evidence that Gaelic was ever widely spoken. Many historians mark the reign of King Malcom Canmore (Malcolm III) as the beginning of Gaelic's eclipse in Scotland. His wife Margaret of Wessex spoke no Gaelic, gave her children Anglo-Saxon rather than Gaelic names, and brought many English bishops, priests, and monastics to Scotland. When Malcolm and Margaret died in 1093, the Gaelic aristocracy rejected their anglicised sons and instead backed Malcolm's brother Donald B\u00e0n. Donald had spent 17 years in Gaelic Ireland and his power base was in the thoroughly Gaelic west of Scotland. He was the last Scottish monarch to be buried on Iona, the traditional burial place of the Gaelic Kings of and the Kingdom of Alba. However, during the reigns of Malcolm Canmore's sons, Edgar, Alexander I and David I (their successive reigns lasting 1097\u20131153), Anglo-Norman names and practices spread throughout Scotland south of the Forth\u2013Clyde line and along the northeastern coastal plain as far north as Moray."], "answer": {"text": "Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months.", "answer_start": 1375}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of items", "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Gaelic Ireland consist of", "answer": {"text": "Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services.", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the exchange happen at", "answer": {"text": "The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products.", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happen with the economy", "answer": {"text": "Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth.", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did they do with the items", "answer": {"text": "They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble", "answer_start": 936, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#8", "question": "Where did they move to", "rewrite": "Where did people move to with their livestock in Gaelic Ireland?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes", "Armagh  Armagh ( ; , , \"Macha's height\") is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland \u2013 the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (\"Eamhain Mhacha\") was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture. Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012, both by Queen Elizabeth II. It had a population of 14,777 people in the 2011 Census, making it the least-populated city in Ireland and the fifth smallest in the United Kingdom. \"Eamhain Mhacha\" (or Navan Fort), at the western edge of Armagh, is believed to have been an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was one of the great royal sites of Gaelic Ireland and the capital of Ulster. It appears to have been largely abandoned after the 1st century. In the 3rd century, a ditch and bank was dug around the top of Cathedral Hill, the heart of what is now Armagh. Its circular shape matches the modern street layout. Evidence suggests that it was a pagan sanctuary and the successor to Navan. Like Navan, it too was named after the goddess Macha \u2013 \"Ard Mhacha\" means \"Macha's height\". This name was later anglicised as \"Ardmagh\", which eventually became \"Armagh\".", "(as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaelic Ireland consisted of as few as five and as many as nine Primary kingdoms (Cuaighe) which were often subdivided into many minor smaller kingdoms (Tutha). The primary kingdoms were Ailech, Airg\u00edalla, Connacht, Leinster, Mide, Osraige, Munster, Thomond and Ulster. Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities. The role of High King of Ireland was primarily titular and rarely (if ever) absolute. Gaelic Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. The names of Connacht, Ulster, Leinster and Munster are still in use, now applied to the four modern provinces of Ireland. The following is a list of the main Irish kingdoms and their kings: M\u00e1ire Herbert has noted that \"Annal evidence from the late eighth century in Ireland suggests that the larger provincial kingships were already accruing power at the expense of smaller political units. Leading kings appear in public roles at church-state proclamations...and at royal conferences with their peers.\" (2000, p. 62). Responding to the assumption of the title \"ri hErenn uile\" (\"king of all Ireland\") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that the ninth-century assumption of the title of \"ri Erenn\" was a first step towards the definition of a national kingship and a territorially-based Irish realm. Yet change only gained ground after the stranglehold of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill power-structures was broken in the eleventh century. ... The renaming of a kingship ... engendered a new self-perception which shaped the future definition of a kingdom and of its subjects.", "People Move On People Move On is the debut album from English singer-songwriter Bernard Butler released in 1998. The album proved a successful start to his solo career receiving generally positive reviews from critics. The album charted at number 11 on the UK Albums Chart. Following the album's success, Butler was nominated for a BRIT award as best new male artist. Following his split from soul singer David McAlmont in 1995 and a three-year absence from the public eye, Butler re-emerged on Alan McGee's Creation label for his debut solo album. A year earlier McGee had, in fact, dubbed him the \"Neil Young of the Nineties\". Butler wrote all the songs, produced the album and played all the instruments, except drums and strings, which were played by Makoto Sakamoto and The Brilliant Strings respectively. According to Butler, most of the ideas on the album were created in the studio, with only four songs written beforehand. Drawing influences from classic rock from the late 60s and 70s, \"The Independent\" wrote: \"\"People Move On\" echoes the early Seventies cool rock singer/songwriting era in its heartfelt sentiment and warm, melodic approach. \" Though Butler has stressed that it isn't a \"retro record\". The record has a Spector-esque feel, which according to \"Rolling Stone\" displays an \"old-fashioned big-pop-production quality of the songs.\" The album was released to generally positive reviews. Neil McCormick of \"The Telegraph\" said that \"\"People Move On\", was greeted with a kind of astonished acclaim,\" which was \"far better, quite frankly, than anyone expected.\" However, several critics picked up on Butler's vocal abilities as a point of criticism. One reviewer felt that \"his voice doesn't carry enough weight to give the songs a killer instinct.\"", "Gaels The Gaels (; ; ; ) are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in northwestern Europe. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Historically, the ethnonyms \"Irish\" and \"Scots\" referred to the Gaels in general, but the scope of those ethnicities and nationalities is today more complex. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to D\u00e1l Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raided Roman Britain. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of Scotland and the Isle of Man. There was also some Gaelic settlement in Wales and Cornwall. In the Viking Age, small numbers of Vikings raided and settled in Gaelic lands, becoming the Norse-Gaels. In the 9th century, D\u00e1l Riata and Pictland merged to form the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. Meanwhile, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King often claiming lordship over them. In the 12th century, Normans conquered parts of Ireland (leading to centuries of conflict), while parts of Scotland became Normanized. However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the Scottish Highlands and Galloway. In the early 17th century, the last Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland fell under English control. James I sought to subdue the Gaels and wipe out their culture; in Ireland by colonizing Gaelic land with English-speaking British settlers, and in the Scottish Highlands via repressive laws such as the Statutes of Iona. In the following centuries the Gaelic language was suppressed and mostly supplanted by English. However, it continues to be the main language in Ireland's Gaeltacht and Scotland's Outer Hebrides."], "answer": {"text": "The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill)", "answer_start": 1528}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of items", "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Gaelic Ireland consist of", "answer": {"text": "Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services.", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the exchange happen at", "answer": {"text": "The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products.", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happen with the economy", "answer": {"text": "Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth.", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did they do with the items", "answer": {"text": "They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble", "answer_start": 936, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any problems", "answer": {"text": "Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months.", "answer_start": 1375, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fe515e59d85c4f8d850279012b1372da_0_q#9", "question": "What else did they use", "rewrite": "Besides cattle, what else did the people of Gaelic Ireland use for their economy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["(as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Gaelic Ireland consisted of as few as five and as many as nine Primary kingdoms (Cuaighe) which were often subdivided into many minor smaller kingdoms (Tutha). The primary kingdoms were Ailech, Airg\u00edalla, Connacht, Leinster, Mide, Osraige, Munster, Thomond and Ulster. Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities. The role of High King of Ireland was primarily titular and rarely (if ever) absolute. Gaelic Ireland was not ruled as a unitary state. The names of Connacht, Ulster, Leinster and Munster are still in use, now applied to the four modern provinces of Ireland. The following is a list of the main Irish kingdoms and their kings: M\u00e1ire Herbert has noted that \"Annal evidence from the late eighth century in Ireland suggests that the larger provincial kingships were already accruing power at the expense of smaller political units. Leading kings appear in public roles at church-state proclamations...and at royal conferences with their peers.\" (2000, p. 62). Responding to the assumption of the title \"ri hErenn uile\" (\"king of all Ireland\") by Mael Sechlainn I in 862, she furthermore states that the ninth-century assumption of the title of \"ri Erenn\" was a first step towards the definition of a national kingship and a territorially-based Irish realm. Yet change only gained ground after the stranglehold of U\u00ed N\u00e9ill power-structures was broken in the eleventh century. ... The renaming of a kingship ... engendered a new self-perception which shaped the future definition of a kingdom and of its subjects.", "Bernal de Bonaval  Bernal(do) de Bonaval(le), also known as Bernardo (de) Bonaval, was a 13th-century troubadour in the Kingdom of Galicia (in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, in parts of modern Portugal and Spain) who wrote in the Galician-Portuguese language. Little is known for certain about Bernal's background, life, or career. Sources say that he was a native of Santiago de Compostela, which is in the modern Spanish Province of A Coru\u00f1a. He mentions a place called \"Bonaval\" in several of his poems. It has been suggested that he was born outside the mediaeval city walls of Santiago, because \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval, which is outside those walls. It has also been suggested that \"Bernal de Bonaval\" and (in Latin) \"Frater Bernardus, prior Bone Uallis\" (\"Brother Bernardus, prior of Bone Uallis\") may have been one and the same. If that suggestion is correct, then Bernal may have been a friar in the Dominican Order, and \"de Bonaval\" may refer to the convent rather than to his birthplace. He was active in the 13th century. Some sources suggest that he may have been born in the 12th century. He was known at the courts of Fernando III and Alfonso X (kings of Galicia 1231-1252 and 1252-1284 respectively). A poem of 1266 by King Alfonso X directed at the troubadour mentions Bernal: \" \"V\u00f3s nom trobades come proen\u00e7al, / mais come Bernaldo de Bonaval; / por ende nom \u00e9 trobar natural / pois que o del e do dem'aprendestes", "Armagh  Armagh ( ; , , \"Macha's height\") is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish. It is the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland \u2013 the seat of the Archbishops of Armagh, the Primates of All Ireland for both the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland. In ancient times, nearby Navan Fort (\"Eamhain Mhacha\") was a pagan ceremonial site and one of the great royal capitals of Gaelic Ireland. Today, Armagh is home to two cathedrals (both named after Saint Patrick) and the Armagh Observatory, and is known for its Georgian architecture. Although classed as a medium-sized town, Armagh was given city status in 1994 and Lord Mayoralty status in 2012, both by Queen Elizabeth II. It had a population of 14,777 people in the 2011 Census, making it the least-populated city in Ireland and the fifth smallest in the United Kingdom. \"Eamhain Mhacha\" (or Navan Fort), at the western edge of Armagh, is believed to have been an ancient pagan ritual or ceremonial site. According to Irish mythology it was one of the great royal sites of Gaelic Ireland and the capital of Ulster. It appears to have been largely abandoned after the 1st century. In the 3rd century, a ditch and bank was dug around the top of Cathedral Hill, the heart of what is now Armagh. Its circular shape matches the modern street layout. Evidence suggests that it was a pagan sanctuary and the successor to Navan. Like Navan, it too was named after the goddess Macha \u2013 \"Ard Mhacha\" means \"Macha's height\". This name was later anglicised as \"Ardmagh\", which eventually became \"Armagh\".", "Gaels The Gaels (; ; ; ) are an ethnolinguistic group indigenous to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man in northwestern Europe. They are associated with the Gaelic languages: a branch of the Celtic languages comprising Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic. Historically, the ethnonyms \"Irish\" and \"Scots\" referred to the Gaels in general, but the scope of those ethnicities and nationalities is today more complex. Gaelic language and culture originated in Ireland, extending to D\u00e1l Riata in western Scotland. In antiquity the Gaels traded with the Roman Empire and also raided Roman Britain. In the Middle Ages, Gaelic culture became dominant throughout the rest of Scotland and the Isle of Man. There was also some Gaelic settlement in Wales and Cornwall. In the Viking Age, small numbers of Vikings raided and settled in Gaelic lands, becoming the Norse-Gaels. In the 9th century, D\u00e1l Riata and Pictland merged to form the Gaelic Kingdom of Alba. Meanwhile, Gaelic Ireland was made up of several kingdoms, with a High King often claiming lordship over them. In the 12th century, Normans conquered parts of Ireland (leading to centuries of conflict), while parts of Scotland became Normanized. However, Gaelic culture remained strong throughout Ireland, the Scottish Highlands and Galloway. In the early 17th century, the last Gaelic kingdoms in Ireland fell under English control. James I sought to subdue the Gaels and wipe out their culture; in Ireland by colonizing Gaelic land with English-speaking British settlers, and in the Scottish Highlands via repressive laws such as the Statutes of Iona. In the following centuries the Gaelic language was suppressed and mostly supplanted by English. However, it continues to be the main language in Ireland's Gaeltacht and Scotland's Outer Hebrides.", "A 1689 census of the town of Bristol shows that, of the 70 families that lived there, only one had a black slave. So few were black slaves in the colony that the General Court never saw fit to pass any laws dealing with them. The largest source of wealth for Plymouth Colony was the fur trade. The disruption of this trade caused by Myles Standish's raid at Wessagussett created great hardship for the colonists for many years to come, and was directly cited by William Bradford as a contributing factor to the colonists' economic difficulties in their early years. The colonists attempted to supplement their income by fishing; the waters in Cape Cod bay were known to be excellent fisheries. However, they lacked any skill in this area, and it did little to relieve their economic hardship. The colony traded throughout the region, establishing trading posts as far away as Penobscot, Maine. They were also frequent trading partners with the Dutch at New Amsterdam. The economic situation improved with the arrival of cattle in the colony. It is unknown when the first cattle arrived, but the division of land for the grazing of cattle in 1627 represented one of the first moves towards private land ownership in the colony. Cattle became an important source of wealth in the colony; the average cow could sell for \u00a328 in 1638 (\u00a3 in 2010, or $ at PPP). However, the flood of immigrants during the Great Migration drove the price of cattle down. The same cows sold at \u00a328 in 1638 were valued in 1640 at only \u00a35 (\u00a3 in 2010, or $ at PPP). Besides cattle, there were also pigs, sheep, and goats raised in the colony. Agriculture also made up an important part of the Plymouth economy. The colonists adopted Native American agricultural practices and crops. They planted maize, squash, pumpkins, beans, and potatoes."], "answer": {"text": "Horticulture was practised; the main crops being oats, wheat and barley, although flax was also grown for making linen.", "answer_start": 1255}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the economy of Gaelic Ireland like?", "answer": {"text": "Gaelic Ireland was involved in trade with Britain and mainland Europe from ancient times, and this trade increased over the centuries.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "There are many passages in early Irish literature that mention luxury items imported from foreign lands, and the fair of Carman in Leinster", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of items", "answer": {"text": "In the Middle Ages the main exports were textiles such as wool and linen while the main imports were luxury items.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Gaelic Ireland consist of", "answer": {"text": "Money was seldom used in Gaelic society; instead, goods and services were usually exchanged for other goods and services.", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the exchange happen at", "answer": {"text": "The economy was mainly a pastoral one, based on livestock (cows, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) and their products.", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else happen with the economy", "answer": {"text": "Cattle was \"the main element in the Irish pastoral economy\" and the main form of wealth, providing milk, butter, cheese, meat, fat, hides, and so forth.", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did they do with the items", "answer": {"text": "They were a \"highly mobile form of wealth and economic resource which could be quickly and easily moved to a safer locality in time of war or trouble", "answer_start": 936, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any problems", "answer": {"text": "Transhumance was also practised, whereby people moved with their livestock to higher pastures in summer and back to lower pastures in the cooler months.", "answer_start": 1375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they move to", "answer": {"text": "The summer pasture was called the buaile (anglicized as booley) and it is noteworthy that the Irish word for boy (buachaill)", "answer_start": 1528, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94dac338bec64838b4053fc31727774a_0_q#0", "question": "What was Melungeon's origin?", "rewrite": "What was Melungeon's origin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are often referred to as \"Mayles\" (from the most common surname \u2014 Mayle or Male) or \"Guineas\" (now considered a pejorative term). The group has been the subject of county histories and some scholarly studies. Some scholars have classified this group as a tri-racial isolate. Thomas McElwain wrote that many CRP identified as an Indian-white mixed group, or as Native American, but they are not enrolled in any officially recognized tribe. Paul Heinegg documented that many individuals were classified as free people of color, or similar terms in a variety of colonial, local and state records. Some CRP have identified as Melungeon, a mixed-race group based in Kentucky and Tennessee, and attended the Melungeon unions, or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association. In 1997 two local historians made a presentation about the \"Guineas of West Virginia\" at the University of Virginia's College at Wise. In the early days, Barbour County was settled primarily by people from eastern Virginia. It was included in the colony and then state of Virginia until West Virginia was admitted to the union as a separate state during the American Civil War. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community, and their descendants identified as white. Some of the men served in West Virginia Union regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that a dozen men successfully petitioned the courts to be declared legally white after serving in the war for the Union.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames."], "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_94dac338bec64838b4053fc31727774a_0_q#1", "question": "What classified their origin ?", "rewrite": "What classified the Melungeon's origin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are often referred to as \"Mayles\" (from the most common surname \u2014 Mayle or Male) or \"Guineas\" (now considered a pejorative term). The group has been the subject of county histories and some scholarly studies. Some scholars have classified this group as a tri-racial isolate. Thomas McElwain wrote that many CRP identified as an Indian-white mixed group, or as Native American, but they are not enrolled in any officially recognized tribe. Paul Heinegg documented that many individuals were classified as free people of color, or similar terms in a variety of colonial, local and state records. Some CRP have identified as Melungeon, a mixed-race group based in Kentucky and Tennessee, and attended the Melungeon unions, or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association. In 1997 two local historians made a presentation about the \"Guineas of West Virginia\" at the University of Virginia's College at Wise. In the early days, Barbour County was settled primarily by people from eastern Virginia. It was included in the colony and then state of Virginia until West Virginia was admitted to the union as a separate state during the American Civil War. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community, and their descendants identified as white. Some of the men served in West Virginia Union regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that a dozen men successfully petitioned the courts to be declared legally white after serving in the war for the Union.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English."], "answer": {"text": "Each family line has to be traced separately.", "answer_start": 659}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Melungeon's origin?", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94dac338bec64838b4053fc31727774a_0_q#2", "question": "What states did they originate in?", "rewrite": "What states did the Melungeon originate in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Vardy Community School The Vardy Community School was a Presbyterian mission school established in the Vardy community of Hancock County, Tennessee, United States, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. At the time of its founding, the school was the only institution providing primary education to children of the multi-racial Melungeon communities, who lived in the remote mountainous areas along the Tennessee-Virginia border. Part of a segregated system, it was restricted to children considered black or multiracial. Presbyterian missionaries operated the school until 1955; following the United States Supreme Court decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" (1954) ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, it became part of the Hancock County public school system. In 1984, the school and the structures associated with the mission community that developed around it were designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vardy Community School Historic District. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, dozens of settlement schools and mission schools were established across rural Appalachia. In 1892 the Presbyterian Church decided to build such a school at Vardy, a community located near the heart of Melungeon country in the Blackwater Creek Valley. Over the next forty-five years, the mission school complex expanded to include a three-story frame schoolhouse, a church, a manse, a library, and several residences for teachers and children. Although the schoolhouse has collapsed, the school's alumni and other historical groups have preserved its ruins and related structures as a historic site. In 2000, the 19th-century log cabin belonging to Melungeon moonshiner Mahala Mullins was relocated to a site across the street from the Vardy School district."], "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Melungeon's origin?", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What classified their origin ?", "answer": {"text": "Each family line has to be traced separately.", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94dac338bec64838b4053fc31727774a_0_q#3", "question": "What was the most common mixed race?", "rewrite": "What was the most common mixed race for the Melungeon?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are often referred to as \"Mayles\" (from the most common surname \u2014 Mayle or Male) or \"Guineas\" (now considered a pejorative term). The group has been the subject of county histories and some scholarly studies. Some scholars have classified this group as a tri-racial isolate. Thomas McElwain wrote that many CRP identified as an Indian-white mixed group, or as Native American, but they are not enrolled in any officially recognized tribe. Paul Heinegg documented that many individuals were classified as free people of color, or similar terms in a variety of colonial, local and state records. Some CRP have identified as Melungeon, a mixed-race group based in Kentucky and Tennessee, and attended the Melungeon unions, or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association. In 1997 two local historians made a presentation about the \"Guineas of West Virginia\" at the University of Virginia's College at Wise. In the early days, Barbour County was settled primarily by people from eastern Virginia. It was included in the colony and then state of Virginia until West Virginia was admitted to the union as a separate state during the American Civil War. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community, and their descendants identified as white. Some of the men served in West Virginia Union regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that a dozen men successfully petitioned the courts to be declared legally white after serving in the war for the Union."], "answer": {"text": "most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent,", "answer_start": 727}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Melungeon's origin?", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What classified their origin ?", "answer": {"text": "Each family line has to be traced separately.", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What states did they originate in?", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94dac338bec64838b4053fc31727774a_0_q#4", "question": "Did they ever leave Virginia?", "rewrite": "Did the Melungeon ever leave Virginia?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Leave Virginia Alone  \" Leave Virginia Alone\" is a 1995 song written by Tom Petty and performed by Rod Stewart off Stewart's album \"A Spanner in the Works\". The song reached number one on the Canadian \"RPM\" Top Singles chart in July 1995. It also reached number 52 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 53 in Australia. \"Leave Virginia Alone\" was originally meant to be on Tom Petty's studio album \"Wildflowers\", but the track did not make the album. In a \"Billboard\" interview with Rod Stewart, Stewart revealed that Petty's manager gave him the song when Petty believed the track was too similar to a previous hit of his. \" Leave Virginia Alone\" was added to Stewart's album A Spanner in the Works after the audio mastering was finished and was the first single for the album. On May 13, 1995, Stewart debuted \" Leave Virginia Alone\" on \"Saturday Night Live\"s twentieth-season finale. \"Leave Virginia Alone\" received positive reviews from critics. Popdose said the song was a \"solid song with a fitting vocal performance\" while \"Billboard\" complimented the connection between Rod Stewart's voice with the beats and acoustic guitars of the track. All the same, Stewart admitted to \"Billboard\" that at first, he did not like the song and had to be convinced to record the track. In the music video, a woman runs away from people wearing costumes after holding a press conference. In an article in the \"Chicago Tribune\", Susan Alexander said \"Leave Virginia Alone \" fit the music video format of having a \"bad girl\" who uses emotional manipulation. A few years later in \"Michigan Sociological Review\", Alexander said she believed the woman in the video committed a sinful act, and the lyrics of \"Leave Virginia Alone\" point towards drug abuse and promiscuity.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Carpentersville, Illinois Carpentersville is a village in Kane County, Illinois, United States. The population was 37,691 at the 2010 census. Carpentersville is located at (42.121156, -88.274679). According to the 2010 census, Carpentersville has a total area of , of which (or 97.57%) is land and (or 2.43%) is water. Julius Angelo Carpenter (August 19, 1827 \u2013 March 30, 1880) was the founder of Carpentersville, Illinois and its first prominent citizen. Carpenter came with his family from Uxbridge, Massachusetts and settled near the Fox River, along with his father Charles Valentine Carpenter and his uncle Daniel. Angelo was the first person to settle Carpentersville. Carpenter built the settlement's first store, bridge, and factory. He served two consecutive terms in the Illinois House of Representatives. In 1837, the brothers, en route to the Rock River, made camp along the east bank of the Fox River to wait out the spring floods that made continuing their oxcart journey impossible. They ended up staying in the area to settle what was then called Carpenters' Grove. For the next hundred years, Carpentersville did not grow as rapidly as other Fox River communities which had more direct rail connections to Chicago. The electric interurban railroad came to Carpentersville in 1896. The line was built by the Carpentersville, Elgin and Aurora Railway from a connection with the streetcar system in Elgin, Illinois and ran for four miles, terminating at the Illinois Iron and Bolt foundry on Main Street. This company changed ownership several times, including the Aurora, Elgin and Chicago Railway. It ended up being owned by the Aurora, Elgin and Fox River Electric Company in 1924. This line was always operated separately from the rest of the system, which included all traction lines between Carpentersville and Yorkville.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations."], "answer": {"text": "They migrated together from western Virginia through the Piedmont frontier of North Carolina, before settling primarily in the mountains of East Tennessee.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Melungeon's origin?", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What classified their origin ?", "answer": {"text": "Each family line has to be traced separately.", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What states did they originate in?", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the most common mixed race?", "answer": {"text": "most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent,", "answer_start": 727, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94dac338bec64838b4053fc31727774a_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the social status assignment and geographical origins of the Melungeon, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Its biosphere is full of unique animals, famous are especially lyrine - animals that look like horses, with crystalline horns and silver, lavender or blue coats. A Lyshrioli meal is made up entirely of bubbles, which vary in size, color and flavour. Lyshriol is a planet where the humans and the planet seem to have been designed for some unknown purpose, probably by the ancient Ruby Empire. The humans have hinged hands with only four digits and unlike the majority of the population in the Skolian Imperialate, who are swarthy, dark-eyed and dark-haired, they have fair skin, violet eyes and red or blond hair. They have a genetic predisposition to illiteracy, and are mostly not able to learn how to read or write. They are however very musical with chiming voices, love singing, dancing and festivals. Bards record the history of the Lyshrioli people in ballads. They also execute duties of judges, perform marriage ceremonies and lead armies in wars. Every village has its own Bard, a man who is chosen by his fellows for this position because of his ability to sing and lead. Only two Bard titles on Lyshriol are hereditary, passed on from father to son \u2013 Dalvador Bard and Rillia Bard. Memories are women with eidetic memories, who record important events with their mind. They wear long red robes. Their unique memory was genetically engineered into the Lyshrioli by geneticists of the long lost Ruby Empire. Archers are a Lyshrioli ethnic group that was long believed to be extinct. They differ from the overall Lyshrioli population significantly with their lither build, pale skin, white-gold hair, silver eyes and pointed ears. They live in nomadic tribes in Blue Mountains, rarely leaving the area and avoid dealing with other Lyshrioli."], "answer": {"text": "The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry.", "answer_start": 1399}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Melungeon's origin?", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What classified their origin ?", "answer": {"text": "Each family line has to be traced separately.", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What states did they originate in?", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the most common mixed race?", "answer": {"text": "most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent,", "answer_start": 727, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they ever leave Virginia?", "answer": {"text": "They migrated together from western Virginia through the Piedmont frontier of North Carolina, before settling primarily in the mountains of East Tennessee.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6532b3a393a4e2b92278272b5a023cd_0_q#0", "question": "Who is the Cheiron related to Max Martin?", "rewrite": "Who is the Cheiron related to Max Martin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Since the 1990s, Sweden's influence on the international pop music scene has been most evident via a number of heavyweight songwriters and producers. Cheiron Studios, spearheaded by Denniz Pop and his proteg\u00e9 Max Martin, helped Ace of Base become an international success, and then went on to creating some of the biggest hits of Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys, NSYNC and Westlife, to name just a few. Denniz Pop died from cancer in 1998 and Cheiron Studios was closed two years later, but Martin remains a superstar in the industry - only Paul McCartney and John Lennon have written more #1 Billboard hits than Max Martin. Other prominent producers who were part of Cheiron include Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, Kristian Lundin, Per Magnusson and Andreas Carlsson. In Cheiron's and Max Martin's wake a number of successful producers have also emerged in later years, including Shellback, Bloodshy & Avant and Moroccan-Swedish RedOne. The success of Swedish popular music is also evident in the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest attracts great interest and the Swedish contestant is selected through Melodifestivalen, a series of qualifiers which is Sweden's most popular TV show. Since ABBA's win in 1974 Sweden has won the Eurovision Song Contest five more times: 1984 with Herreys, 1991 with Carola H\u00e4ggkvist, 1999 with Charlotte Nilsson, 2012 with Loreen and 2015 with M\u00e5ns Zelmerl\u00f6w. With these six wins, Sweden is the country with the second-highest number of ESC victories - Ireland has one more.", "It's Alive (band) It's Alive was a Swedish glam-style funk metal band, formed in Stockholm in 1985. Karl \"Max Martin\" Sandberg (born February 26, 1971) was one of the founding members of the band. He dropped out of high school to pursue a career with the band under the nickname Martin White. In 1988 the band participated in the national rock championships and they also played as the in-house band at a disco in Cyprus. Their self-titled debut album was released in 1991 \u2013 originally only 1000 copies were pressed and later the album was given away as a free cover tape in the UK by the Metal Forces magazine. They landed a record deal on producer Denniz PoP's label and BMG affiliates Cheiron Studios and released the album Earthquake Visions in 1993 (though only 30,000 copies were sold). The band toured Europe in 1994, supporting Kingdom Come. Frontman Martin White quit in late 1995 and later on became a highly successful producer and songwriter under the alias Max Martin, working with artists such as Ace of Base, Britney Spears and Backstreet Boys, and responsible for numerous radio hits for other artists. Guitarist Per Aldeheim also worked together with Max Martin and the producer's mentor Denniz Pop at Cheiron Studios.", "The album failed to meet with any success but its frontman and singer at that time, Max Martin (who was going by the stage name \"Martin White\") was encouraged to continue and write songs. Denniz had an ear for hit tunes and thought Martin wrote great songs. He then asked Martin if he could write songs for them instead and soon Martin joined Cheiron as an in-house producer. Their partnership proved to be successful, with their first collaboration, \"Wish You Were Here\" by Rednex, reaching #1 in several European countries. Cheiron next hired the duo of John Amatiell and Kristian Lundin (collectively known as \"Amadin\") as songwriters and producers. They were already signed to Dr. Alban\u2019s Dr. Records label and had floor hits through the Cheiron/Pitch Control AB label. David Kreuger and Per Magnusson joined the crew to produce music for various upcoming Swedish and major international artists. 1994 turned out to be a very successful year for Cheiron. Denniz and Amadin helped Dr. Alban to produce his third album \" Look Who's Talking!\", which attained gold certification in Sweden. Denniz PoP set up a meeting with an ex-drummer and former host for ZTV Martin \"E-Type\" Eriksson. He agreed to produce the songs together with Max Martin and Amadin on his successful debut album \"Made in Sweden\" which included the #1 hits \u201cSet the World on Fire\u201d and \u201cThis is the Way.\u201d Those successes stimulated the Cheiron crew to progress and the following years would mark the studio's greatest achievements. Beginning in 1996 until its closure, Cheiron shared a joint production and publishing venture with the Zomba Group. In 1995, Zomba had sent five young American men called the Backstreet Boys into the studio.", "Cheiron Studios Cheiron Studios () was a recording studio located in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm, Sweden. Founded in 1992 by Denniz PoP and Tom Talomaa, it was famous for being the place where popular music acts of the late 1990s/early 2000\u2019s such as Backstreet Boys, Boyzone, Robyn, NSYNC, Britney Spears, and Westlife, produced many of their greatest hits. In addition, Cheiron Studios was also a record label (Cheiron Records) in affiliation with BMG for a while, and a music publishing service (Cheiron Songs), although those ventures were abandoned in favor of music production. After Denniz PoP's death in 1998, Cheiron closed in 2000. Talomaa and Max Martin reformed the company as The Location. The studio is currently owned by Roxy Recordings which also includes the Hanssonic Studios of Anders Hansson. In 1986 a group of ten Swedish disc jockeys founded \"SweMix\", a remix service, as a response to DiscoNet, Hot Tracks and DMC. Those included Denniz PoP (n\u00e9e Dag \"Dagge\" Volle), Ren\u00e9 Hedemyr (JackMaster Fax), Sten Hallstr\u00f6m (StoneBridge), Emil Hellman (SoundFactory) and Johan J\u00e4rpsten (JJ). At the beginning they were producing and distributed remixes of tracks without permission, so-called \"bootlegs\", for limited underground distribution on their newly founded Remixed Records. Though being an underground collective, Remixed Records got noticed by, not only Scandinavia, but also Germany, Italy and The Netherlands. Tom Talomaa, a nightclub owner, got involved and supported the studio with more sophisticated equipment. Artists were dropping by SweMix to get a deal or a production.", "Fool Again\", included on the same album, also opened at #1 on the charts. The year 2000 was a busy one for Cheiron. They were working with Britney Spears and her second album, \"Oops! \u2026 I Did It Again\"; the opening song with the same name was written and produced by Max Martin & Rami. The album broke another sales record beyond the 15 million for Spears' second straight mega success. Westlife's recorded songs for their second album, \"Coast to Coast\" and the track \"My Love\" written and produced by Per Magnusson & David Kreuger was released in October and went straight to #1 in the UK. The Backstreet Boys had recorded another hit for their album \"Black & Blue\": \"Shape of My Heart\" written by Lisa Miskovsky and Max Martin and Rami. The album became a huge international success and was certified platinum eight times over in the US alone. Feeling they had accomplished their goals, Cheiron decided to close its doors. Talomaa and Martin wrote on the company web site, \"Cheiron was created with the intention of having fun, making a few hits and not getting too serious about it. We feel the 'hype' of Cheiron has become bigger than [the studio] itself and it's time to quit while we're ahead.\""], "answer": {"text": "Cheiron Studios", "answer_start": 191}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d6532b3a393a4e2b92278272b5a023cd_0_q#1", "question": "When did he work with Cheiron?", "rewrite": "When did Max Martin work with Cheiron?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It's Alive (band) It's Alive was a Swedish glam-style funk metal band, formed in Stockholm in 1985. Karl \"Max Martin\" Sandberg (born February 26, 1971) was one of the founding members of the band. He dropped out of high school to pursue a career with the band under the nickname Martin White. In 1988 the band participated in the national rock championships and they also played as the in-house band at a disco in Cyprus. Their self-titled debut album was released in 1991 \u2013 originally only 1000 copies were pressed and later the album was given away as a free cover tape in the UK by the Metal Forces magazine. They landed a record deal on producer Denniz PoP's label and BMG affiliates Cheiron Studios and released the album Earthquake Visions in 1993 (though only 30,000 copies were sold). The band toured Europe in 1994, supporting Kingdom Come. Frontman Martin White quit in late 1995 and later on became a highly successful producer and songwriter under the alias Max Martin, working with artists such as Ace of Base, Britney Spears and Backstreet Boys, and responsible for numerous radio hits for other artists. Guitarist Per Aldeheim also worked together with Max Martin and the producer's mentor Denniz Pop at Cheiron Studios.", "The album failed to meet with any success but its frontman and singer at that time, Max Martin (who was going by the stage name \"Martin White\") was encouraged to continue and write songs. Denniz had an ear for hit tunes and thought Martin wrote great songs. He then asked Martin if he could write songs for them instead and soon Martin joined Cheiron as an in-house producer. Their partnership proved to be successful, with their first collaboration, \"Wish You Were Here\" by Rednex, reaching #1 in several European countries. Cheiron next hired the duo of John Amatiell and Kristian Lundin (collectively known as \"Amadin\") as songwriters and producers. They were already signed to Dr. Alban\u2019s Dr. Records label and had floor hits through the Cheiron/Pitch Control AB label. David Kreuger and Per Magnusson joined the crew to produce music for various upcoming Swedish and major international artists. 1994 turned out to be a very successful year for Cheiron. Denniz and Amadin helped Dr. Alban to produce his third album \" Look Who's Talking!\", which attained gold certification in Sweden. Denniz PoP set up a meeting with an ex-drummer and former host for ZTV Martin \"E-Type\" Eriksson. He agreed to produce the songs together with Max Martin and Amadin on his successful debut album \"Made in Sweden\" which included the #1 hits \u201cSet the World on Fire\u201d and \u201cThis is the Way.\u201d Those successes stimulated the Cheiron crew to progress and the following years would mark the studio's greatest achievements. Beginning in 1996 until its closure, Cheiron shared a joint production and publishing venture with the Zomba Group. In 1995, Zomba had sent five young American men called the Backstreet Boys into the studio.", "Fool Again\", included on the same album, also opened at #1 on the charts. The year 2000 was a busy one for Cheiron. They were working with Britney Spears and her second album, \"Oops! \u2026 I Did It Again\"; the opening song with the same name was written and produced by Max Martin & Rami. The album broke another sales record beyond the 15 million for Spears' second straight mega success. Westlife's recorded songs for their second album, \"Coast to Coast\" and the track \"My Love\" written and produced by Per Magnusson & David Kreuger was released in October and went straight to #1 in the UK. The Backstreet Boys had recorded another hit for their album \"Black & Blue\": \"Shape of My Heart\" written by Lisa Miskovsky and Max Martin and Rami. The album became a huge international success and was certified platinum eight times over in the US alone. Feeling they had accomplished their goals, Cheiron decided to close its doors. Talomaa and Martin wrote on the company web site, \"Cheiron was created with the intention of having fun, making a few hits and not getting too serious about it. We feel the 'hype' of Cheiron has become bigger than [the studio] itself and it's time to quit while we're ahead.\"", "Cheiron Studios Cheiron Studios () was a recording studio located in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm, Sweden. Founded in 1992 by Denniz PoP and Tom Talomaa, it was famous for being the place where popular music acts of the late 1990s/early 2000\u2019s such as Backstreet Boys, Boyzone, Robyn, NSYNC, Britney Spears, and Westlife, produced many of their greatest hits. In addition, Cheiron Studios was also a record label (Cheiron Records) in affiliation with BMG for a while, and a music publishing service (Cheiron Songs), although those ventures were abandoned in favor of music production. After Denniz PoP's death in 1998, Cheiron closed in 2000. Talomaa and Max Martin reformed the company as The Location. The studio is currently owned by Roxy Recordings which also includes the Hanssonic Studios of Anders Hansson. In 1986 a group of ten Swedish disc jockeys founded \"SweMix\", a remix service, as a response to DiscoNet, Hot Tracks and DMC. Those included Denniz PoP (n\u00e9e Dag \"Dagge\" Volle), Ren\u00e9 Hedemyr (JackMaster Fax), Sten Hallstr\u00f6m (StoneBridge), Emil Hellman (SoundFactory) and Johan J\u00e4rpsten (JJ). At the beginning they were producing and distributed remixes of tracks without permission, so-called \"bootlegs\", for limited underground distribution on their newly founded Remixed Records. Though being an underground collective, Remixed Records got noticed by, not only Scandinavia, but also Germany, Italy and The Netherlands. Tom Talomaa, a nightclub owner, got involved and supported the studio with more sophisticated equipment. Artists were dropping by SweMix to get a deal or a production.", "Since the 1990s, Sweden's influence on the international pop music scene has been most evident via a number of heavyweight songwriters and producers. Cheiron Studios, spearheaded by Denniz Pop and his proteg\u00e9 Max Martin, helped Ace of Base become an international success, and then went on to creating some of the biggest hits of Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys, NSYNC and Westlife, to name just a few. Denniz Pop died from cancer in 1998 and Cheiron Studios was closed two years later, but Martin remains a superstar in the industry - only Paul McCartney and John Lennon have written more #1 Billboard hits than Max Martin. Other prominent producers who were part of Cheiron include Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, Kristian Lundin, Per Magnusson and Andreas Carlsson. In Cheiron's and Max Martin's wake a number of successful producers have also emerged in later years, including Shellback, Bloodshy & Avant and Moroccan-Swedish RedOne. The success of Swedish popular music is also evident in the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest attracts great interest and the Swedish contestant is selected through Melodifestivalen, a series of qualifiers which is Sweden's most popular TV show. Since ABBA's win in 1974 Sweden has won the Eurovision Song Contest five more times: 1984 with Herreys, 1991 with Carola H\u00e4ggkvist, 1999 with Charlotte Nilsson, 2012 with Loreen and 2015 with M\u00e5ns Zelmerl\u00f6w. With these six wins, Sweden is the country with the second-highest number of ESC victories - Ireland has one more."], "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Martin was hired by Cheiron Studios", "answer_start": 162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is the Cheiron related to Max Martin?", "answer": {"text": "Cheiron Studios", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6532b3a393a4e2b92278272b5a023cd_0_q#2", "question": "What was he hired for?", "rewrite": "What was Max Martin hired for by Cheiron?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cheiron Studios Cheiron Studios () was a recording studio located in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm, Sweden. Founded in 1992 by Denniz PoP and Tom Talomaa, it was famous for being the place where popular music acts of the late 1990s/early 2000\u2019s such as Backstreet Boys, Boyzone, Robyn, NSYNC, Britney Spears, and Westlife, produced many of their greatest hits. In addition, Cheiron Studios was also a record label (Cheiron Records) in affiliation with BMG for a while, and a music publishing service (Cheiron Songs), although those ventures were abandoned in favor of music production. After Denniz PoP's death in 1998, Cheiron closed in 2000. Talomaa and Max Martin reformed the company as The Location. The studio is currently owned by Roxy Recordings which also includes the Hanssonic Studios of Anders Hansson. In 1986 a group of ten Swedish disc jockeys founded \"SweMix\", a remix service, as a response to DiscoNet, Hot Tracks and DMC. Those included Denniz PoP (n\u00e9e Dag \"Dagge\" Volle), Ren\u00e9 Hedemyr (JackMaster Fax), Sten Hallstr\u00f6m (StoneBridge), Emil Hellman (SoundFactory) and Johan J\u00e4rpsten (JJ). At the beginning they were producing and distributed remixes of tracks without permission, so-called \"bootlegs\", for limited underground distribution on their newly founded Remixed Records. Though being an underground collective, Remixed Records got noticed by, not only Scandinavia, but also Germany, Italy and The Netherlands. Tom Talomaa, a nightclub owner, got involved and supported the studio with more sophisticated equipment. Artists were dropping by SweMix to get a deal or a production.", "It's Alive (band) It's Alive was a Swedish glam-style funk metal band, formed in Stockholm in 1985. Karl \"Max Martin\" Sandberg (born February 26, 1971) was one of the founding members of the band. He dropped out of high school to pursue a career with the band under the nickname Martin White. In 1988 the band participated in the national rock championships and they also played as the in-house band at a disco in Cyprus. Their self-titled debut album was released in 1991 \u2013 originally only 1000 copies were pressed and later the album was given away as a free cover tape in the UK by the Metal Forces magazine. They landed a record deal on producer Denniz PoP's label and BMG affiliates Cheiron Studios and released the album Earthquake Visions in 1993 (though only 30,000 copies were sold). The band toured Europe in 1994, supporting Kingdom Come. Frontman Martin White quit in late 1995 and later on became a highly successful producer and songwriter under the alias Max Martin, working with artists such as Ace of Base, Britney Spears and Backstreet Boys, and responsible for numerous radio hits for other artists. Guitarist Per Aldeheim also worked together with Max Martin and the producer's mentor Denniz Pop at Cheiron Studios.", "Fool Again\", included on the same album, also opened at #1 on the charts. The year 2000 was a busy one for Cheiron. They were working with Britney Spears and her second album, \"Oops! \u2026 I Did It Again\"; the opening song with the same name was written and produced by Max Martin & Rami. The album broke another sales record beyond the 15 million for Spears' second straight mega success. Westlife's recorded songs for their second album, \"Coast to Coast\" and the track \"My Love\" written and produced by Per Magnusson & David Kreuger was released in October and went straight to #1 in the UK. The Backstreet Boys had recorded another hit for their album \"Black & Blue\": \"Shape of My Heart\" written by Lisa Miskovsky and Max Martin and Rami. The album became a huge international success and was certified platinum eight times over in the US alone. Feeling they had accomplished their goals, Cheiron decided to close its doors. Talomaa and Martin wrote on the company web site, \"Cheiron was created with the intention of having fun, making a few hits and not getting too serious about it. We feel the 'hype' of Cheiron has become bigger than [the studio] itself and it's time to quit while we're ahead.\"", "Since the 1990s, Sweden's influence on the international pop music scene has been most evident via a number of heavyweight songwriters and producers. Cheiron Studios, spearheaded by Denniz Pop and his proteg\u00e9 Max Martin, helped Ace of Base become an international success, and then went on to creating some of the biggest hits of Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys, NSYNC and Westlife, to name just a few. Denniz Pop died from cancer in 1998 and Cheiron Studios was closed two years later, but Martin remains a superstar in the industry - only Paul McCartney and John Lennon have written more #1 Billboard hits than Max Martin. Other prominent producers who were part of Cheiron include Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, Kristian Lundin, Per Magnusson and Andreas Carlsson. In Cheiron's and Max Martin's wake a number of successful producers have also emerged in later years, including Shellback, Bloodshy & Avant and Moroccan-Swedish RedOne. The success of Swedish popular music is also evident in the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest attracts great interest and the Swedish contestant is selected through Melodifestivalen, a series of qualifiers which is Sweden's most popular TV show. Since ABBA's win in 1974 Sweden has won the Eurovision Song Contest five more times: 1984 with Herreys, 1991 with Carola H\u00e4ggkvist, 1999 with Charlotte Nilsson, 2012 with Loreen and 2015 with M\u00e5ns Zelmerl\u00f6w. With these six wins, Sweden is the country with the second-highest number of ESC victories - Ireland has one more.", "The album failed to meet with any success but its frontman and singer at that time, Max Martin (who was going by the stage name \"Martin White\") was encouraged to continue and write songs. Denniz had an ear for hit tunes and thought Martin wrote great songs. He then asked Martin if he could write songs for them instead and soon Martin joined Cheiron as an in-house producer. Their partnership proved to be successful, with their first collaboration, \"Wish You Were Here\" by Rednex, reaching #1 in several European countries. Cheiron next hired the duo of John Amatiell and Kristian Lundin (collectively known as \"Amadin\") as songwriters and producers. They were already signed to Dr. Alban\u2019s Dr. Records label and had floor hits through the Cheiron/Pitch Control AB label. David Kreuger and Per Magnusson joined the crew to produce music for various upcoming Swedish and major international artists. 1994 turned out to be a very successful year for Cheiron. Denniz and Amadin helped Dr. Alban to produce his third album \" Look Who's Talking!\", which attained gold certification in Sweden. Denniz PoP set up a meeting with an ex-drummer and former host for ZTV Martin \"E-Type\" Eriksson. He agreed to produce the songs together with Max Martin and Amadin on his successful debut album \"Made in Sweden\" which included the #1 hits \u201cSet the World on Fire\u201d and \u201cThis is the Way.\u201d Those successes stimulated the Cheiron crew to progress and the following years would mark the studio's greatest achievements. Beginning in 1996 until its closure, Cheiron shared a joint production and publishing venture with the Zomba Group. In 1995, Zomba had sent five young American men called the Backstreet Boys into the studio."], "answer": {"text": "production collaboration between PoP and Martin: the Rednex song \"Wish You Were Here\" in 1994.", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is the Cheiron related to Max Martin?", "answer": {"text": "Cheiron Studios", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he work with Cheiron?", "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Martin was hired by Cheiron Studios", "answer_start": 162, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d6532b3a393a4e2b92278272b5a023cd_0_q#3", "question": "What other songs did he collaborate on?", "rewrite": "Other than the Rednex song \"Wish You Were Here, What other songs did Max Martin collaborate on with Cheiron?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The album failed to meet with any success but its frontman and singer at that time, Max Martin (who was going by the stage name \"Martin White\") was encouraged to continue and write songs. Denniz had an ear for hit tunes and thought Martin wrote great songs. He then asked Martin if he could write songs for them instead and soon Martin joined Cheiron as an in-house producer. Their partnership proved to be successful, with their first collaboration, \"Wish You Were Here\" by Rednex, reaching #1 in several European countries. Cheiron next hired the duo of John Amatiell and Kristian Lundin (collectively known as \"Amadin\") as songwriters and producers. They were already signed to Dr. Alban\u2019s Dr. Records label and had floor hits through the Cheiron/Pitch Control AB label. David Kreuger and Per Magnusson joined the crew to produce music for various upcoming Swedish and major international artists. 1994 turned out to be a very successful year for Cheiron. Denniz and Amadin helped Dr. Alban to produce his third album \" Look Who's Talking!\", which attained gold certification in Sweden. Denniz PoP set up a meeting with an ex-drummer and former host for ZTV Martin \"E-Type\" Eriksson. He agreed to produce the songs together with Max Martin and Amadin on his successful debut album \"Made in Sweden\" which included the #1 hits \u201cSet the World on Fire\u201d and \u201cThis is the Way.\u201d Those successes stimulated the Cheiron crew to progress and the following years would mark the studio's greatest achievements. Beginning in 1996 until its closure, Cheiron shared a joint production and publishing venture with the Zomba Group. In 1995, Zomba had sent five young American men called the Backstreet Boys into the studio.", "Cheiron Studios Cheiron Studios () was a recording studio located in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm, Sweden. Founded in 1992 by Denniz PoP and Tom Talomaa, it was famous for being the place where popular music acts of the late 1990s/early 2000\u2019s such as Backstreet Boys, Boyzone, Robyn, NSYNC, Britney Spears, and Westlife, produced many of their greatest hits. In addition, Cheiron Studios was also a record label (Cheiron Records) in affiliation with BMG for a while, and a music publishing service (Cheiron Songs), although those ventures were abandoned in favor of music production. After Denniz PoP's death in 1998, Cheiron closed in 2000. Talomaa and Max Martin reformed the company as The Location. The studio is currently owned by Roxy Recordings which also includes the Hanssonic Studios of Anders Hansson. In 1986 a group of ten Swedish disc jockeys founded \"SweMix\", a remix service, as a response to DiscoNet, Hot Tracks and DMC. Those included Denniz PoP (n\u00e9e Dag \"Dagge\" Volle), Ren\u00e9 Hedemyr (JackMaster Fax), Sten Hallstr\u00f6m (StoneBridge), Emil Hellman (SoundFactory) and Johan J\u00e4rpsten (JJ). At the beginning they were producing and distributed remixes of tracks without permission, so-called \"bootlegs\", for limited underground distribution on their newly founded Remixed Records. Though being an underground collective, Remixed Records got noticed by, not only Scandinavia, but also Germany, Italy and The Netherlands. Tom Talomaa, a nightclub owner, got involved and supported the studio with more sophisticated equipment. Artists were dropping by SweMix to get a deal or a production.", "Since the 1990s, Sweden's influence on the international pop music scene has been most evident via a number of heavyweight songwriters and producers. Cheiron Studios, spearheaded by Denniz Pop and his proteg\u00e9 Max Martin, helped Ace of Base become an international success, and then went on to creating some of the biggest hits of Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys, NSYNC and Westlife, to name just a few. Denniz Pop died from cancer in 1998 and Cheiron Studios was closed two years later, but Martin remains a superstar in the industry - only Paul McCartney and John Lennon have written more #1 Billboard hits than Max Martin. Other prominent producers who were part of Cheiron include Carl Falk, Rami Yacoub, Kristian Lundin, Per Magnusson and Andreas Carlsson. In Cheiron's and Max Martin's wake a number of successful producers have also emerged in later years, including Shellback, Bloodshy & Avant and Moroccan-Swedish RedOne. The success of Swedish popular music is also evident in the Eurovision Song Contest. The contest attracts great interest and the Swedish contestant is selected through Melodifestivalen, a series of qualifiers which is Sweden's most popular TV show. Since ABBA's win in 1974 Sweden has won the Eurovision Song Contest five more times: 1984 with Herreys, 1991 with Carola H\u00e4ggkvist, 1999 with Charlotte Nilsson, 2012 with Loreen and 2015 with M\u00e5ns Zelmerl\u00f6w. With these six wins, Sweden is the country with the second-highest number of ESC victories - Ireland has one more.", "Fool Again\", included on the same album, also opened at #1 on the charts. The year 2000 was a busy one for Cheiron. They were working with Britney Spears and her second album, \"Oops! \u2026 I Did It Again\"; the opening song with the same name was written and produced by Max Martin & Rami. The album broke another sales record beyond the 15 million for Spears' second straight mega success. Westlife's recorded songs for their second album, \"Coast to Coast\" and the track \"My Love\" written and produced by Per Magnusson & David Kreuger was released in October and went straight to #1 in the UK. The Backstreet Boys had recorded another hit for their album \"Black & Blue\": \"Shape of My Heart\" written by Lisa Miskovsky and Max Martin and Rami. The album became a huge international success and was certified platinum eight times over in the US alone. Feeling they had accomplished their goals, Cheiron decided to close its doors. Talomaa and Martin wrote on the company web site, \"Cheiron was created with the intention of having fun, making a few hits and not getting too serious about it. We feel the 'hype' of Cheiron has become bigger than [the studio] itself and it's time to quit while we're ahead.\"", "\"I didn't even know what a producer did, I spent two years-day and night-in that studio trying to learn what the hell was going on.\" - Max Martin, 19 March 2001. In 1993, Martin was hired by Cheiron Studios and spent some time learning the basics, before the first production collaboration between PoP and Martin: the Rednex song \"Wish You Were Here\" in 1994. They both worked on Ace of Base's second album, The Bridge (1995), shortly thereafter, as well as on albums by 3T, Army of Lovers and Leila K. To date, The Bridge has sold more than six million copies worldwide, including one million in the United States. When Martin eventually left his band It's Alive in late 1995, he was replaced by Anders Jansson. In 1995, the Cheiron Studios was hired by Zomba to work on Backstreet Boys' self-titled debut album Backstreet Boys (1996). Zomba became the main working partner since the success in 1995. Martin took part in the production of \"Quit Playing Games (With My Heart)\" (1996), co-written with Herbie Crichlow, a single which quickly went platinum and climbed to No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as the singles \"As Long As You Love Me\" (1997) and \"Everybody (Backstreet's Back)\" (1997). The album was not released in the U.S. until 1997, but was released overseas and caught on all across Europe, eventually selling around 8 million copies worldwide. This led to the Backstreet Boys being relaunched in their home country later on, this time more successfully."], "answer": {"text": "They both worked on Ace of Base's second album, The Bridge (1995),", "answer_start": 360}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who is the Cheiron related to Max Martin?", "answer": {"text": "Cheiron Studios", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he work with Cheiron?", "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Martin was hired by Cheiron Studios", "answer_start": 162, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he hired for?", "answer": {"text": "production collaboration between PoP and Martin: the Rednex song \"Wish You Were Here\" in 1994.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f0606366650496dab9bd961c9715fe5_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Neil Diamond grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Neil Diamond grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Essential Neil Diamond The Essential Neil Diamond is a two-disc compilation album by Neil Diamond. It was released by Sony Music in 2001. Diamond and his collaborator Al Quaglieri personally chose the 38 tracks that appeared in the collection. Nine selections were from Diamond's early period with Bang Records (1966\u201368) while 14 were from his Columbia years, which began in 1973. The Bang recordings are now owned by Sony, Columbia's parent company. For the five top ten hits that Diamond record for Uni Records (1968\u201373) Columbia leased the right for their appearance on this collection. Nine recordings that were used for the album were not the original studio recordings but live renditions from concerts. \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", Diamond's 1978 duet with Streisand is included in \"The Essential Barbra Streisand\" as well as this compilation. \"The Essential Neil Diamond\" reached number 90 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and was awarded double platinum status by the RIAA on March 3, 2016. In 2009, Columbia issued an expanded version of the album entitled \" The Essential Neil Diamond 3.0\" which featured the original two discs and a bonus third disc containing eight more selections.", "Neil Diamond 50 \u2013 50th Anniversary Collection Neil Diamond 50 - 50th Anniversary Collection is a retrospective of 50 Neil Diamond songs recorded between 1966 and 2014. It was released in March 2017. Diamond selected the songs for \"Neil Diamond 50.\" Its tracks range from the 1966 album \"The Feel Of Neil Diamond\" to 2014's \"Melody Road\". A three disc set, with liner notes by David Fricke, it includes songs which \"Rolling Stone\" described as \"staples in the American pop songbook.\" A 50th Anniversary World Tour coincided with the release of the box. It began April 7, 2017 in Fresno, California.", "Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits is the first compilation album of songs recorded by Neil Diamond. It was released in 1968 by Bang Records after Diamond left Bang for Uni Records. Bang would eventually release four Neil Diamond compilation albums on top of the two original Diamond albums that Bang issued in 1966 and '67. Ten of the twelve songs on this album are original Diamond compositions with the remaining two cover versions of oldies. After Columbia Records absorbed Bang Records, this album was replaced by a new compilation titled \"\" which replaced the cover songs with additional Diamond originals: \"I'm a Believer\" (which became a hit for The Monkees) and \"Shilo\" which Bang initially rejected as a single but was later released as a single and became a hit in 1970 after this album was released. All songs composed by Neil Diamond unless otherwise indicated.", "Classics: The Early Years  Classics : The Early Years is a compilation album by American musician Neil Diamond released in 1983 featuring the early recordings he made for Bang Records in 1966 and 1967. After CBS acquired the Bang Records catalogue, the twelve best recordings were reissued on this album. Columbia gave Diamond control of the Bang masters of his recordings. The original copyright notice of this album read \"(C) and (P)1983 Neil Diamond and CBS Inc.\" This compilation has a different track lineup compared to the 1968 Bang compilation album titled \"Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits\" which contains two cover songs. All the songs in this album are original Diamond compositions and substitutes \"I'm A Believer\" (which The Monkees covered) and \"Shilo\" in place of the Gary U.S. Bonds hit \"New Orleans\" and the Tommy James and the Shondells hit \"Hanky Panky.\" Only a few tracks are in true stereo. Later Neil Diamond compilations contained the mono versions, which makes this album the only source for the stereo versions of his Bang Records releases. The only true stereo version of \"Kentucky Woman\" was released in 1978 by Frog King records on the album \"Early Classics\". All songs composed by Neil Diamond.", "At these performances Super Diamond perform Neil Diamond's repertoire with full orchestration, often with renowned conductors. Founding Super Diamond band member Rama Kolesnikow also serves as a conductor for symphony performances. \"Irony is dead. How else to explain the amazing success of Super Diamond? The San Francisco group has sold out clubs in Seattle and Portland. Last weekend in Los Angeles, it was SRO at the House of Blues for its musical homage to, yes, Neil Diamond. \" Do young people bring their parents or is it the other way around?\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1997) \"The crown prince of San Francisco tribute bands, Super Diamond, which plays exaggerated versions of Neil Diamond tunes under the direction of the \"Surreal Neil,\" singer Randy Cordeiro. Super Diamond is one of the few cover bands with its own CD, peddled at sell-out gigs at the House of Blues in Los Angeles and thousand-strong venues in San Diego, Seattle and Portland, Ore.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1999) \"I've been doing the Neil thing a long time, but it's really kind of exciting to see the young kids coming out and just digging Neil's music,\" says Abbadessa, 45, who estimates that she has seen nearly 90 Neil Diamond concerts since 1972. \"And these guys are excellent. If they weren't good, believe me, we'd probably be throwing tomatoes and apples.\" (LA Times 1998) \"At 10:15 I followed the band down the stairs and watched them prepare to take the stage. The music started, the lights began to flash, and Bimbo\u2019s overhead disco ball started to twirl. Hundreds were already pushed up against the stage, pumping their cocktail-fueled fists for Super Diamond, a band so popular that it appeared on David Letterman\u2019s show.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 2017)"], "answer": {"text": "He grew up in several homes in Brooklyn, having also spent four years in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where his father was stationed in the army.", "answer_start": 192}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6f0606366650496dab9bd961c9715fe5_1_q#1", "question": "Who were his parents", "rewrite": "Who were Neil Diamond's parents?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits is the first compilation album of songs recorded by Neil Diamond. It was released in 1968 by Bang Records after Diamond left Bang for Uni Records. Bang would eventually release four Neil Diamond compilation albums on top of the two original Diamond albums that Bang issued in 1966 and '67. Ten of the twelve songs on this album are original Diamond compositions with the remaining two cover versions of oldies. After Columbia Records absorbed Bang Records, this album was replaced by a new compilation titled \"\" which replaced the cover songs with additional Diamond originals: \"I'm a Believer\" (which became a hit for The Monkees) and \"Shilo\" which Bang initially rejected as a single but was later released as a single and became a hit in 1970 after this album was released. All songs composed by Neil Diamond unless otherwise indicated.", "Classics: The Early Years  Classics : The Early Years is a compilation album by American musician Neil Diamond released in 1983 featuring the early recordings he made for Bang Records in 1966 and 1967. After CBS acquired the Bang Records catalogue, the twelve best recordings were reissued on this album. Columbia gave Diamond control of the Bang masters of his recordings. The original copyright notice of this album read \"(C) and (P)1983 Neil Diamond and CBS Inc.\" This compilation has a different track lineup compared to the 1968 Bang compilation album titled \"Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits\" which contains two cover songs. All the songs in this album are original Diamond compositions and substitutes \"I'm A Believer\" (which The Monkees covered) and \"Shilo\" in place of the Gary U.S. Bonds hit \"New Orleans\" and the Tommy James and the Shondells hit \"Hanky Panky.\" Only a few tracks are in true stereo. Later Neil Diamond compilations contained the mono versions, which makes this album the only source for the stereo versions of his Bang Records releases. The only true stereo version of \"Kentucky Woman\" was released in 1978 by Frog King records on the album \"Early Classics\". All songs composed by Neil Diamond.", "At these performances Super Diamond perform Neil Diamond's repertoire with full orchestration, often with renowned conductors. Founding Super Diamond band member Rama Kolesnikow also serves as a conductor for symphony performances. \"Irony is dead. How else to explain the amazing success of Super Diamond? The San Francisco group has sold out clubs in Seattle and Portland. Last weekend in Los Angeles, it was SRO at the House of Blues for its musical homage to, yes, Neil Diamond. \" Do young people bring their parents or is it the other way around?\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1997) \"The crown prince of San Francisco tribute bands, Super Diamond, which plays exaggerated versions of Neil Diamond tunes under the direction of the \"Surreal Neil,\" singer Randy Cordeiro. Super Diamond is one of the few cover bands with its own CD, peddled at sell-out gigs at the House of Blues in Los Angeles and thousand-strong venues in San Diego, Seattle and Portland, Ore.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1999) \"I've been doing the Neil thing a long time, but it's really kind of exciting to see the young kids coming out and just digging Neil's music,\" says Abbadessa, 45, who estimates that she has seen nearly 90 Neil Diamond concerts since 1972. \"And these guys are excellent. If they weren't good, believe me, we'd probably be throwing tomatoes and apples.\" (LA Times 1998) \"At 10:15 I followed the band down the stairs and watched them prepare to take the stage. The music started, the lights began to flash, and Bimbo\u2019s overhead disco ball started to twirl. Hundreds were already pushed up against the stage, pumping their cocktail-fueled fists for Super Diamond, a band so popular that it appeared on David Letterman\u2019s show.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 2017)", "The Essential Neil Diamond The Essential Neil Diamond is a two-disc compilation album by Neil Diamond. It was released by Sony Music in 2001. Diamond and his collaborator Al Quaglieri personally chose the 38 tracks that appeared in the collection. Nine selections were from Diamond's early period with Bang Records (1966\u201368) while 14 were from his Columbia years, which began in 1973. The Bang recordings are now owned by Sony, Columbia's parent company. For the five top ten hits that Diamond record for Uni Records (1968\u201373) Columbia leased the right for their appearance on this collection. Nine recordings that were used for the album were not the original studio recordings but live renditions from concerts. \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", Diamond's 1978 duet with Streisand is included in \"The Essential Barbra Streisand\" as well as this compilation. \"The Essential Neil Diamond\" reached number 90 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and was awarded double platinum status by the RIAA on March 3, 2016. In 2009, Columbia issued an expanded version of the album entitled \" The Essential Neil Diamond 3.0\" which featured the original two discs and a bonus third disc containing eight more selections.", "Forever in Blue Jeans \"Forever in Blue Jeans\" is a song by Neil Diamond which was co-written with his guitarist Richard Bennett. This up-tempo track, released as a single by Columbia in February 1979, was taken from the previous year's Neil Diamond album \" You Don't Bring Me Flowers\". Neil Diamond said about the song: \"the simple things are really the important things\". The song officially peaked at #20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and #2 on the Easy Listening chart in March, 1979. According to Cotton Incorporated \"Neil Diamond might have been right when he named his 1979 #1 hit \u201cForever in Blue Jeans\u201d: 81% of women are planning their next jeans purchase to be some shade of blue. \" The song has been used to promote the sale of blue jeans, most notably Will Ferrell, impersonating Neil Diamond singing, for The Gap. Coincidentally, Diamond himself did radio adverts for H.I.S. brand jeans in the 1960s, more than a decade before he sang this song. Later in 1979, Tommy Overstreet recorded a country version of the song, including it on his \"The Real Tommy Overstreet\" album."], "answer": {"text": "a Jewish family descended from Russian and Polish immigrants. His parents were Rose (nee Rapaport) and Akeeba \"Kieve\" Diamond, a dry-goods merchant.", "answer_start": 43}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Neil Diamond grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in several homes in Brooklyn, having also spent four years in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where his father was stationed in the army.", "answer_start": 192, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f0606366650496dab9bd961c9715fe5_1_q#2", "question": "Where did he attend school", "rewrite": "Where did Neil Diamond attend school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits is the first compilation album of songs recorded by Neil Diamond. It was released in 1968 by Bang Records after Diamond left Bang for Uni Records. Bang would eventually release four Neil Diamond compilation albums on top of the two original Diamond albums that Bang issued in 1966 and '67. Ten of the twelve songs on this album are original Diamond compositions with the remaining two cover versions of oldies. After Columbia Records absorbed Bang Records, this album was replaced by a new compilation titled \"\" which replaced the cover songs with additional Diamond originals: \"I'm a Believer\" (which became a hit for The Monkees) and \"Shilo\" which Bang initially rejected as a single but was later released as a single and became a hit in 1970 after this album was released. All songs composed by Neil Diamond unless otherwise indicated.", "Forever in Blue Jeans \"Forever in Blue Jeans\" is a song by Neil Diamond which was co-written with his guitarist Richard Bennett. This up-tempo track, released as a single by Columbia in February 1979, was taken from the previous year's Neil Diamond album \" You Don't Bring Me Flowers\". Neil Diamond said about the song: \"the simple things are really the important things\". The song officially peaked at #20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and #2 on the Easy Listening chart in March, 1979. According to Cotton Incorporated \"Neil Diamond might have been right when he named his 1979 #1 hit \u201cForever in Blue Jeans\u201d: 81% of women are planning their next jeans purchase to be some shade of blue. \" The song has been used to promote the sale of blue jeans, most notably Will Ferrell, impersonating Neil Diamond singing, for The Gap. Coincidentally, Diamond himself did radio adverts for H.I.S. brand jeans in the 1960s, more than a decade before he sang this song. Later in 1979, Tommy Overstreet recorded a country version of the song, including it on his \"The Real Tommy Overstreet\" album.", "The Essential Neil Diamond The Essential Neil Diamond is a two-disc compilation album by Neil Diamond. It was released by Sony Music in 2001. Diamond and his collaborator Al Quaglieri personally chose the 38 tracks that appeared in the collection. Nine selections were from Diamond's early period with Bang Records (1966\u201368) while 14 were from his Columbia years, which began in 1973. The Bang recordings are now owned by Sony, Columbia's parent company. For the five top ten hits that Diamond record for Uni Records (1968\u201373) Columbia leased the right for their appearance on this collection. Nine recordings that were used for the album were not the original studio recordings but live renditions from concerts. \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", Diamond's 1978 duet with Streisand is included in \"The Essential Barbra Streisand\" as well as this compilation. \"The Essential Neil Diamond\" reached number 90 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and was awarded double platinum status by the RIAA on March 3, 2016. In 2009, Columbia issued an expanded version of the album entitled \" The Essential Neil Diamond 3.0\" which featured the original two discs and a bonus third disc containing eight more selections.", "Classics: The Early Years  Classics : The Early Years is a compilation album by American musician Neil Diamond released in 1983 featuring the early recordings he made for Bang Records in 1966 and 1967. After CBS acquired the Bang Records catalogue, the twelve best recordings were reissued on this album. Columbia gave Diamond control of the Bang masters of his recordings. The original copyright notice of this album read \"(C) and (P)1983 Neil Diamond and CBS Inc.\" This compilation has a different track lineup compared to the 1968 Bang compilation album titled \"Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits\" which contains two cover songs. All the songs in this album are original Diamond compositions and substitutes \"I'm A Believer\" (which The Monkees covered) and \"Shilo\" in place of the Gary U.S. Bonds hit \"New Orleans\" and the Tommy James and the Shondells hit \"Hanky Panky.\" Only a few tracks are in true stereo. Later Neil Diamond compilations contained the mono versions, which makes this album the only source for the stereo versions of his Bang Records releases. The only true stereo version of \"Kentucky Woman\" was released in 1978 by Frog King records on the album \"Early Classics\". All songs composed by Neil Diamond.", "At these performances Super Diamond perform Neil Diamond's repertoire with full orchestration, often with renowned conductors. Founding Super Diamond band member Rama Kolesnikow also serves as a conductor for symphony performances. \"Irony is dead. How else to explain the amazing success of Super Diamond? The San Francisco group has sold out clubs in Seattle and Portland. Last weekend in Los Angeles, it was SRO at the House of Blues for its musical homage to, yes, Neil Diamond. \" Do young people bring their parents or is it the other way around?\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1997) \"The crown prince of San Francisco tribute bands, Super Diamond, which plays exaggerated versions of Neil Diamond tunes under the direction of the \"Surreal Neil,\" singer Randy Cordeiro. Super Diamond is one of the few cover bands with its own CD, peddled at sell-out gigs at the House of Blues in Los Angeles and thousand-strong venues in San Diego, Seattle and Portland, Ore.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1999) \"I've been doing the Neil thing a long time, but it's really kind of exciting to see the young kids coming out and just digging Neil's music,\" says Abbadessa, 45, who estimates that she has seen nearly 90 Neil Diamond concerts since 1972. \"And these guys are excellent. If they weren't good, believe me, we'd probably be throwing tomatoes and apples.\" (LA Times 1998) \"At 10:15 I followed the band down the stairs and watched them prepare to take the stage. The music started, the lights began to flash, and Bimbo\u2019s overhead disco ball started to twirl. Hundreds were already pushed up against the stage, pumping their cocktail-fueled fists for Super Diamond, a band so popular that it appeared on David Letterman\u2019s show.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 2017)"], "answer": {"text": "In Brooklyn he attended Erasmus Hall High School and was a member of the Freshman Chorus and Choral Club, along with classmate Barbra Streisand.", "answer_start": 328}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Neil Diamond grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in several homes in Brooklyn, having also spent four years in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where his father was stationed in the army.", "answer_start": 192, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "a Jewish family descended from Russian and Polish immigrants. His parents were Rose (nee Rapaport) and Akeeba \"Kieve\" Diamond, a dry-goods merchant.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f0606366650496dab9bd961c9715fe5_1_q#3", "question": "What year did he graduate", "rewrite": "What year did Neil Diamond graduate?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Classics: The Early Years  Classics : The Early Years is a compilation album by American musician Neil Diamond released in 1983 featuring the early recordings he made for Bang Records in 1966 and 1967. After CBS acquired the Bang Records catalogue, the twelve best recordings were reissued on this album. Columbia gave Diamond control of the Bang masters of his recordings. The original copyright notice of this album read \"(C) and (P)1983 Neil Diamond and CBS Inc.\" This compilation has a different track lineup compared to the 1968 Bang compilation album titled \"Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits\" which contains two cover songs. All the songs in this album are original Diamond compositions and substitutes \"I'm A Believer\" (which The Monkees covered) and \"Shilo\" in place of the Gary U.S. Bonds hit \"New Orleans\" and the Tommy James and the Shondells hit \"Hanky Panky.\" Only a few tracks are in true stereo. Later Neil Diamond compilations contained the mono versions, which makes this album the only source for the stereo versions of his Bang Records releases. The only true stereo version of \"Kentucky Woman\" was released in 1978 by Frog King records on the album \"Early Classics\". All songs composed by Neil Diamond.", "Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits is the first compilation album of songs recorded by Neil Diamond. It was released in 1968 by Bang Records after Diamond left Bang for Uni Records. Bang would eventually release four Neil Diamond compilation albums on top of the two original Diamond albums that Bang issued in 1966 and '67. Ten of the twelve songs on this album are original Diamond compositions with the remaining two cover versions of oldies. After Columbia Records absorbed Bang Records, this album was replaced by a new compilation titled \"\" which replaced the cover songs with additional Diamond originals: \"I'm a Believer\" (which became a hit for The Monkees) and \"Shilo\" which Bang initially rejected as a single but was later released as a single and became a hit in 1970 after this album was released. All songs composed by Neil Diamond unless otherwise indicated.", "The Essential Neil Diamond The Essential Neil Diamond is a two-disc compilation album by Neil Diamond. It was released by Sony Music in 2001. Diamond and his collaborator Al Quaglieri personally chose the 38 tracks that appeared in the collection. Nine selections were from Diamond's early period with Bang Records (1966\u201368) while 14 were from his Columbia years, which began in 1973. The Bang recordings are now owned by Sony, Columbia's parent company. For the five top ten hits that Diamond record for Uni Records (1968\u201373) Columbia leased the right for their appearance on this collection. Nine recordings that were used for the album were not the original studio recordings but live renditions from concerts. \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", Diamond's 1978 duet with Streisand is included in \"The Essential Barbra Streisand\" as well as this compilation. \"The Essential Neil Diamond\" reached number 90 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and was awarded double platinum status by the RIAA on March 3, 2016. In 2009, Columbia issued an expanded version of the album entitled \" The Essential Neil Diamond 3.0\" which featured the original two discs and a bonus third disc containing eight more selections.", "Forever in Blue Jeans \"Forever in Blue Jeans\" is a song by Neil Diamond which was co-written with his guitarist Richard Bennett. This up-tempo track, released as a single by Columbia in February 1979, was taken from the previous year's Neil Diamond album \" You Don't Bring Me Flowers\". Neil Diamond said about the song: \"the simple things are really the important things\". The song officially peaked at #20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and #2 on the Easy Listening chart in March, 1979. According to Cotton Incorporated \"Neil Diamond might have been right when he named his 1979 #1 hit \u201cForever in Blue Jeans\u201d: 81% of women are planning their next jeans purchase to be some shade of blue. \" The song has been used to promote the sale of blue jeans, most notably Will Ferrell, impersonating Neil Diamond singing, for The Gap. Coincidentally, Diamond himself did radio adverts for H.I.S. brand jeans in the 1960s, more than a decade before he sang this song. Later in 1979, Tommy Overstreet recorded a country version of the song, including it on his \"The Real Tommy Overstreet\" album.", "At these performances Super Diamond perform Neil Diamond's repertoire with full orchestration, often with renowned conductors. Founding Super Diamond band member Rama Kolesnikow also serves as a conductor for symphony performances. \"Irony is dead. How else to explain the amazing success of Super Diamond? The San Francisco group has sold out clubs in Seattle and Portland. Last weekend in Los Angeles, it was SRO at the House of Blues for its musical homage to, yes, Neil Diamond. \" Do young people bring their parents or is it the other way around?\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1997) \"The crown prince of San Francisco tribute bands, Super Diamond, which plays exaggerated versions of Neil Diamond tunes under the direction of the \"Surreal Neil,\" singer Randy Cordeiro. Super Diamond is one of the few cover bands with its own CD, peddled at sell-out gigs at the House of Blues in Los Angeles and thousand-strong venues in San Diego, Seattle and Portland, Ore.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1999) \"I've been doing the Neil thing a long time, but it's really kind of exciting to see the young kids coming out and just digging Neil's music,\" says Abbadessa, 45, who estimates that she has seen nearly 90 Neil Diamond concerts since 1972. \"And these guys are excellent. If they weren't good, believe me, we'd probably be throwing tomatoes and apples.\" (LA Times 1998) \"At 10:15 I followed the band down the stairs and watched them prepare to take the stage. The music started, the lights began to flash, and Bimbo\u2019s overhead disco ball started to twirl. Hundreds were already pushed up against the stage, pumping their cocktail-fueled fists for Super Diamond, a band so popular that it appeared on David Letterman\u2019s show.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 2017)"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Neil Diamond grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in several homes in Brooklyn, having also spent four years in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where his father was stationed in the army.", "answer_start": 192, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "a Jewish family descended from Russian and Polish immigrants. His parents were Rose (nee Rapaport) and Akeeba \"Kieve\" Diamond, a dry-goods merchant.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school", "answer": {"text": "In Brooklyn he attended Erasmus Hall High School and was a member of the Freshman Chorus and Choral Club, along with classmate Barbra Streisand.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f0606366650496dab9bd961c9715fe5_1_q#4", "question": "what did he do after high school", "rewrite": "What did Neil Diamond do after high school?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neil Diamond 50 \u2013 50th Anniversary Collection Neil Diamond 50 - 50th Anniversary Collection is a retrospective of 50 Neil Diamond songs recorded between 1966 and 2014. It was released in March 2017. Diamond selected the songs for \"Neil Diamond 50.\" Its tracks range from the 1966 album \"The Feel Of Neil Diamond\" to 2014's \"Melody Road\". A three disc set, with liner notes by David Fricke, it includes songs which \"Rolling Stone\" described as \"staples in the American pop songbook.\" A 50th Anniversary World Tour coincided with the release of the box. It began April 7, 2017 in Fresno, California.", "Classics: The Early Years  Classics : The Early Years is a compilation album by American musician Neil Diamond released in 1983 featuring the early recordings he made for Bang Records in 1966 and 1967. After CBS acquired the Bang Records catalogue, the twelve best recordings were reissued on this album. Columbia gave Diamond control of the Bang masters of his recordings. The original copyright notice of this album read \"(C) and (P)1983 Neil Diamond and CBS Inc.\" This compilation has a different track lineup compared to the 1968 Bang compilation album titled \"Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits\" which contains two cover songs. All the songs in this album are original Diamond compositions and substitutes \"I'm A Believer\" (which The Monkees covered) and \"Shilo\" in place of the Gary U.S. Bonds hit \"New Orleans\" and the Tommy James and the Shondells hit \"Hanky Panky.\" Only a few tracks are in true stereo. Later Neil Diamond compilations contained the mono versions, which makes this album the only source for the stereo versions of his Bang Records releases. The only true stereo version of \"Kentucky Woman\" was released in 1978 by Frog King records on the album \"Early Classics\". All songs composed by Neil Diamond.", "Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits is the first compilation album of songs recorded by Neil Diamond. It was released in 1968 by Bang Records after Diamond left Bang for Uni Records. Bang would eventually release four Neil Diamond compilation albums on top of the two original Diamond albums that Bang issued in 1966 and '67. Ten of the twelve songs on this album are original Diamond compositions with the remaining two cover versions of oldies. After Columbia Records absorbed Bang Records, this album was replaced by a new compilation titled \"\" which replaced the cover songs with additional Diamond originals: \"I'm a Believer\" (which became a hit for The Monkees) and \"Shilo\" which Bang initially rejected as a single but was later released as a single and became a hit in 1970 after this album was released. All songs composed by Neil Diamond unless otherwise indicated.", "The Essential Neil Diamond The Essential Neil Diamond is a two-disc compilation album by Neil Diamond. It was released by Sony Music in 2001. Diamond and his collaborator Al Quaglieri personally chose the 38 tracks that appeared in the collection. Nine selections were from Diamond's early period with Bang Records (1966\u201368) while 14 were from his Columbia years, which began in 1973. The Bang recordings are now owned by Sony, Columbia's parent company. For the five top ten hits that Diamond record for Uni Records (1968\u201373) Columbia leased the right for their appearance on this collection. Nine recordings that were used for the album were not the original studio recordings but live renditions from concerts. \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", Diamond's 1978 duet with Streisand is included in \"The Essential Barbra Streisand\" as well as this compilation. \"The Essential Neil Diamond\" reached number 90 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and was awarded double platinum status by the RIAA on March 3, 2016. In 2009, Columbia issued an expanded version of the album entitled \" The Essential Neil Diamond 3.0\" which featured the original two discs and a bonus third disc containing eight more selections.", "At these performances Super Diamond perform Neil Diamond's repertoire with full orchestration, often with renowned conductors. Founding Super Diamond band member Rama Kolesnikow also serves as a conductor for symphony performances. \"Irony is dead. How else to explain the amazing success of Super Diamond? The San Francisco group has sold out clubs in Seattle and Portland. Last weekend in Los Angeles, it was SRO at the House of Blues for its musical homage to, yes, Neil Diamond. \" Do young people bring their parents or is it the other way around?\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1997) \"The crown prince of San Francisco tribute bands, Super Diamond, which plays exaggerated versions of Neil Diamond tunes under the direction of the \"Surreal Neil,\" singer Randy Cordeiro. Super Diamond is one of the few cover bands with its own CD, peddled at sell-out gigs at the House of Blues in Los Angeles and thousand-strong venues in San Diego, Seattle and Portland, Ore.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1999) \"I've been doing the Neil thing a long time, but it's really kind of exciting to see the young kids coming out and just digging Neil's music,\" says Abbadessa, 45, who estimates that she has seen nearly 90 Neil Diamond concerts since 1972. \"And these guys are excellent. If they weren't good, believe me, we'd probably be throwing tomatoes and apples.\" (LA Times 1998) \"At 10:15 I followed the band down the stairs and watched them prepare to take the stage. The music started, the lights began to flash, and Bimbo\u2019s overhead disco ball started to twirl. Hundreds were already pushed up against the stage, pumping their cocktail-fueled fists for Super Diamond, a band so popular that it appeared on David Letterman\u2019s show.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 2017)"], "answer": {"text": "He spent the summer following his graduation as a waiter in the Catskills resort area. There he first met Jaye Posner, who would years later become his wife.", "answer_start": 125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Neil Diamond grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in several homes in Brooklyn, having also spent four years in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where his father was stationed in the army.", "answer_start": 192, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "a Jewish family descended from Russian and Polish immigrants. His parents were Rose (nee Rapaport) and Akeeba \"Kieve\" Diamond, a dry-goods merchant.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school", "answer": {"text": "In Brooklyn he attended Erasmus Hall High School and was a member of the Freshman Chorus and Choral Club, along with classmate Barbra Streisand.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he graduate", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f0606366650496dab9bd961c9715fe5_1_q#5", "question": "did he go to college", "rewrite": "Did Neil Diamond go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["At these performances Super Diamond perform Neil Diamond's repertoire with full orchestration, often with renowned conductors. Founding Super Diamond band member Rama Kolesnikow also serves as a conductor for symphony performances. \"Irony is dead. How else to explain the amazing success of Super Diamond? The San Francisco group has sold out clubs in Seattle and Portland. Last weekend in Los Angeles, it was SRO at the House of Blues for its musical homage to, yes, Neil Diamond. \" Do young people bring their parents or is it the other way around?\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1997) \"The crown prince of San Francisco tribute bands, Super Diamond, which plays exaggerated versions of Neil Diamond tunes under the direction of the \"Surreal Neil,\" singer Randy Cordeiro. Super Diamond is one of the few cover bands with its own CD, peddled at sell-out gigs at the House of Blues in Los Angeles and thousand-strong venues in San Diego, Seattle and Portland, Ore.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 1999) \"I've been doing the Neil thing a long time, but it's really kind of exciting to see the young kids coming out and just digging Neil's music,\" says Abbadessa, 45, who estimates that she has seen nearly 90 Neil Diamond concerts since 1972. \"And these guys are excellent. If they weren't good, believe me, we'd probably be throwing tomatoes and apples.\" (LA Times 1998) \"At 10:15 I followed the band down the stairs and watched them prepare to take the stage. The music started, the lights began to flash, and Bimbo\u2019s overhead disco ball started to twirl. Hundreds were already pushed up against the stage, pumping their cocktail-fueled fists for Super Diamond, a band so popular that it appeared on David Letterman\u2019s show.\" (San Francisco Chronicle 2017)", "Forever in Blue Jeans \"Forever in Blue Jeans\" is a song by Neil Diamond which was co-written with his guitarist Richard Bennett. This up-tempo track, released as a single by Columbia in February 1979, was taken from the previous year's Neil Diamond album \" You Don't Bring Me Flowers\". Neil Diamond said about the song: \"the simple things are really the important things\". The song officially peaked at #20 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and #2 on the Easy Listening chart in March, 1979. According to Cotton Incorporated \"Neil Diamond might have been right when he named his 1979 #1 hit \u201cForever in Blue Jeans\u201d: 81% of women are planning their next jeans purchase to be some shade of blue. \" The song has been used to promote the sale of blue jeans, most notably Will Ferrell, impersonating Neil Diamond singing, for The Gap. Coincidentally, Diamond himself did radio adverts for H.I.S. brand jeans in the 1960s, more than a decade before he sang this song. Later in 1979, Tommy Overstreet recorded a country version of the song, including it on his \"The Real Tommy Overstreet\" album.", "Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits is the first compilation album of songs recorded by Neil Diamond. It was released in 1968 by Bang Records after Diamond left Bang for Uni Records. Bang would eventually release four Neil Diamond compilation albums on top of the two original Diamond albums that Bang issued in 1966 and '67. Ten of the twelve songs on this album are original Diamond compositions with the remaining two cover versions of oldies. After Columbia Records absorbed Bang Records, this album was replaced by a new compilation titled \"\" which replaced the cover songs with additional Diamond originals: \"I'm a Believer\" (which became a hit for The Monkees) and \"Shilo\" which Bang initially rejected as a single but was later released as a single and became a hit in 1970 after this album was released. All songs composed by Neil Diamond unless otherwise indicated.", "The Essential Neil Diamond The Essential Neil Diamond is a two-disc compilation album by Neil Diamond. It was released by Sony Music in 2001. Diamond and his collaborator Al Quaglieri personally chose the 38 tracks that appeared in the collection. Nine selections were from Diamond's early period with Bang Records (1966\u201368) while 14 were from his Columbia years, which began in 1973. The Bang recordings are now owned by Sony, Columbia's parent company. For the five top ten hits that Diamond record for Uni Records (1968\u201373) Columbia leased the right for their appearance on this collection. Nine recordings that were used for the album were not the original studio recordings but live renditions from concerts. \"You Don't Bring Me Flowers\", Diamond's 1978 duet with Streisand is included in \"The Essential Barbra Streisand\" as well as this compilation. \"The Essential Neil Diamond\" reached number 90 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart and was awarded double platinum status by the RIAA on March 3, 2016. In 2009, Columbia issued an expanded version of the album entitled \" The Essential Neil Diamond 3.0\" which featured the original two discs and a bonus third disc containing eight more selections.", "Classics: The Early Years  Classics : The Early Years is a compilation album by American musician Neil Diamond released in 1983 featuring the early recordings he made for Bang Records in 1966 and 1967. After CBS acquired the Bang Records catalogue, the twelve best recordings were reissued on this album. Columbia gave Diamond control of the Bang masters of his recordings. The original copyright notice of this album read \"(C) and (P)1983 Neil Diamond and CBS Inc.\" This compilation has a different track lineup compared to the 1968 Bang compilation album titled \"Neil Diamond's Greatest Hits\" which contains two cover songs. All the songs in this album are original Diamond compositions and substitutes \"I'm A Believer\" (which The Monkees covered) and \"Shilo\" in place of the Gary U.S. Bonds hit \"New Orleans\" and the Tommy James and the Shondells hit \"Hanky Panky.\" Only a few tracks are in true stereo. Later Neil Diamond compilations contained the mono versions, which makes this album the only source for the stereo versions of his Bang Records releases. The only true stereo version of \"Kentucky Woman\" was released in 1978 by Frog King records on the album \"Early Classics\". All songs composed by Neil Diamond."], "answer": {"text": "Diamond next attended New York University as a pre-med major on a fencing scholarship, again on the fencing team with Herb Cohen.", "answer_start": 283}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Neil Diamond grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in several homes in Brooklyn, having also spent four years in Cheyenne, Wyoming, where his father was stationed in the army.", "answer_start": 192, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents", "answer": {"text": "a Jewish family descended from Russian and Polish immigrants. His parents were Rose (nee Rapaport) and Akeeba \"Kieve\" Diamond, a dry-goods merchant.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he attend school", "answer": {"text": "In Brooklyn he attended Erasmus Hall High School and was a member of the Freshman Chorus and Choral Club, along with classmate Barbra Streisand.", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he graduate", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after high school", "answer": {"text": "He spent the summer following his graduation as a waiter in the Catskills resort area. There he first met Jaye Posner, who would years later become his wife.", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#0", "question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "rewrite": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer. His first defeat in singles competition on ECW came on the July 9 episode of ECW, where he lost a #1 contenders match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions. On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "At Survivor Series, Regal participated in a traditional five-on-five Survivor Series elimination match and was eliminated by MVP. Following Survivor Series, dissension was teased within The Ruthless Roundtable, although Jackson seemed poised to leave the group, Regal ultimately sided with Jackson and turned on Kozlov by assisting Jackson in defeating Kozlov to qualify for an ECW Homecoming battle royal to determine the number one contender to the ECW Championship. Jackson won the ECW Homecoming battle royal and was granted a title shot, but Christian defeated him at the Royal Rumble to retain his title. Despite the loss, Regal and Jackson continued to assault Christian, who accepted Jackson's title challenge. On the final episode of \"ECW\" on 16 February 2010, Regal helped Jackson defeating Christian in an Extreme Rules match to become the final ECW Champion. After \"ECW\" was cancelled to be replaced by \"NXT\", Regal returned to the \"Raw\" brand, but he also became the Pro to Rookie Skip Sheffield on the first season of \"NXT\". Regal made his debut on 2 March episode of \"NXT\", teaming with Sheffield in a losing effort against Matt Hardy and Justin Gabriel. On 13 April episode of \"NXT\", Regal won his first match on the show, defeating former pupil Daniel Bryan. On the 10 May episode of \"NXT\", Sheffield was eliminated from the competition. Regal was mostly involved in lower-card feuds after returning to wrestle on \"Raw\" and also regularly appeared on \"NXT\" and \"Superstars\". In 2010, he regularly lost tag team matches against Santino Marella while trading wins with Goldust. Regal defeated Darren Young in three matches on \"Superstars\" in October and November. In March 2011, Regal became the color commentator for the fifth season of \"NXT\".", "McMahon awarded Punk another rematch, this time a no disqualification match on 19 January episode of \"Raw\", where Regal lost the title. Regal got a rematch, but lost the match. Following the draft, Regal was left alone on the Raw brand as his on-screen manager Layla was drafted to the SmackDown brand. At Extreme Rules, Regal unsuccessfully challenged Kofi Kingston for the United States Championship along with Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Matt Hardy, Kofi Kingston retained the United States Championship by pinning Regal. Regal was traded to the ECW brand on 29 June. In his first match on \"ECW on Syfy\" the following night, he teamed with Vladimir Kozlov to defeat Tommy Dreamer and Christian. After winning a tag match on 6 August episode of Superstars, Regal was named as the number one contender to the ECW Championship. On 18 August episode of \"ECW\", Regal teamed with Kozlov again to face Ezekiel Jackson and the ECW Champion Christian in which Jackson attacked Christian to ensure Regal's victory, with the trio of Regal, Kozlov and Jackson forming a new alliance which was later dubbed the Ruthless Roundtable. At SummerSlam, Regal challenged Christian for his title, but was defeated in eight seconds. With the Roundtable's help, Regal defeated Christian in a non-title match on 25 August episode of \"ECW\" to earn a title rematch against Christian at Breaking Point, but Christian prevailed again with the rest of the Roundtable banned from ringside. Regal was then denied another chance at number one contender-ship, but The Ruthless Roundtable continued to repeatedly attack Christian to continue the feud. As a result, Christian demanded to face Regal, so he received another shot for the ECW Championship on 10 November episode of \"ECW\" in Sheffield, England, but he was once again unsuccessful.", "In September 16, 2014, Hasselblad introduced the H5D-50C WiFi. In April 2016, Hasselblad introduced the H6D product line. The current H6D products include H6D-50c, H6D-100c, and H6D-400c MS. In June 2016, Hasselblad announced the X1D-50c, the first of a new line of medium format mirrorless cameras. The X1D is comparable in size to current full-frame digital SLRs, but is equipped with a 43.8 x 32.9 mm CMOS sensor. The camera uses a new XCD mount, with two lenses initially available for sale. At the same time, an H Mount adapter was announced, allowing H System Lenses to be used with full autofocus. Currently, there are eight XCD Lenses available with the ninth XCD 35-75 Zoom Lens details revealed in June 2019 . When Hasselblad merged with Imacon in 2004, it acquired Imacon's existing range of Flextight scanners. In 2006, Hasselblad launched two additional Flextight models, the X1 and the X5. Hasselblad also produces its own advanced image processing software called \"Phocus\". The latest version of Phocus is available on Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, and by taking advantage of the operating system's raw image format library, the Mac OS X version of Phocus supports raw image formats from other DSLR manufacturers. Phocus is available as a free download from the Hasselblad homepage. In 2010, Hasselblad announced that future Windows versions of Phocus will provide raw file support for 3rd-party cameras.", "Vladimir Kozlov (disambiguation)  Vladimir Kozlov (born 1979) is a Ukrainian-American professional wrestler. Other notable people named Vladimir Kozlov include:"], "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#1", "question": "what was his angle?", "rewrite": "What was Vladimir Kozlov's angle with Ezekiel Jackson in The Ruthless Roundtable?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer. His first defeat in singles competition on ECW came on the July 9 episode of ECW, where he lost a #1 contenders match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions. On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "JTG tagged in Gaspard, who was speared by The Big Show. Jericho applied the Walls of Jericho on JTG, who tried to reach the ropes, but Big Show executed a KO Punch on him, allowing Jericho to pin JTG to retain the title. Next, Kane faced The Great Khali. The two fought until Kane pursued Ranjin Singh. Kane performed a dropkick to Khali's knee and executed a running DDT for the victory. D-Generation X (Triple H and Shawn Michaels) faced The Legacy (Cody Rhodes and Ted Dibiase) in Michaels' first match since WrestleMania XXV. The match started with Triple H fighting DiBiase and Rhodes. When Michaels tagged in, Rhodes left the ring to avoid Sweet Chin Music. After Legacy gained the advantage, Rhodes attempted a diving elbow drop, but Michaels countered the move. Michaels attempted a diving elbow drop, but Rhodes countered and executed Cross Rhodes on Michaels. Triple H broke up the pin and executed the Pedigree on Rhodes, leading to DiBiase executing Dream Street on Triple H. As DiBiase and Triple H fought outside the ring, Michaels executed Sweet Chin Music on Rhodes to win the match. Next, Christian defended the ECW Championship against William Regal, accompanied by Ezekiel Jackson and Vladimir Kozlov. As Regal was removing his coat, Christian executed the Killswitch to retain the title. After the match, Jackson and Kozlov attacked Christian, with Jackson executing The Book of Ezekiel and Kozlov executing the Iron Curtain on Christian and Regal applied the Regal Stretch on Christian. Randy Orton defended the WWE Championship against John Cena. The match started with neither man gaining the advantage until Orton executed an elevated DDT on Cena. As Orton attempted a punt, Cena fought back.", "McMahon awarded Punk another rematch, this time a no disqualification match on 19 January episode of \"Raw\", where Regal lost the title. Regal got a rematch, but lost the match. Following the draft, Regal was left alone on the Raw brand as his on-screen manager Layla was drafted to the SmackDown brand. At Extreme Rules, Regal unsuccessfully challenged Kofi Kingston for the United States Championship along with Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Matt Hardy, Kofi Kingston retained the United States Championship by pinning Regal. Regal was traded to the ECW brand on 29 June. In his first match on \"ECW on Syfy\" the following night, he teamed with Vladimir Kozlov to defeat Tommy Dreamer and Christian. After winning a tag match on 6 August episode of Superstars, Regal was named as the number one contender to the ECW Championship. On 18 August episode of \"ECW\", Regal teamed with Kozlov again to face Ezekiel Jackson and the ECW Champion Christian in which Jackson attacked Christian to ensure Regal's victory, with the trio of Regal, Kozlov and Jackson forming a new alliance which was later dubbed the Ruthless Roundtable. At SummerSlam, Regal challenged Christian for his title, but was defeated in eight seconds. With the Roundtable's help, Regal defeated Christian in a non-title match on 25 August episode of \"ECW\" to earn a title rematch against Christian at Breaking Point, but Christian prevailed again with the rest of the Roundtable banned from ringside. Regal was then denied another chance at number one contender-ship, but The Ruthless Roundtable continued to repeatedly attack Christian to continue the feud. As a result, Christian demanded to face Regal, so he received another shot for the ECW Championship on 10 November episode of \"ECW\" in Sheffield, England, but he was once again unsuccessful.", "The Corre The Corre were a villainous stable that wrestled on World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE's SmackDown brand in 2011. The stable was formed after Heath Slater, Justin Gabriel and Wade Barrett left The Nexus and allied with Ezekiel Jackson. As of 2019, Heath Slater is the only former member of the stable to still work for WWE. After Wade Barrett was kicked out of The Nexus by new leader CM Punk, he moved from Raw to SmackDown. While under CM Punk, Heath Slater and Justin Gabriel refused to perform their initiation to stay in the group and left The Nexus. On the January 14 episode of \"SmackDown\", Gabriel and Slater interfered during Barrett's match with Big Show, attacking Show. They were joined by Ezekiel Jackson who continued the attack by performing a body slam on Big Show. Big Show continued to feud with the group throughout its existence and on the January 21 episode of \"SmackDown\", the group named themselves The Corre, while also announcing that The Corre would be leaderless as all the members were equals. They all competed in the Royal Rumble on January 30, but were all eliminated by different wrestlers (in order: Gabriel by Daniel Bryan, Slater by John Cena, Jackson by Kane, and Barrett by Randy Orton) with Jackson eliminating Big Show and Barrett eliminating Rey Mysterio and Diesel, and making it to the final four. Throughout its tenure, the Corre often employed interference during matches and frequent post-match attacks. Tensions between the members of The Corre and The Nexus led to two brawls between the groups on \"Raw\" and before the Royal Rumble match. At Elimination Chamber on February 20, Gabriel and Slater became the first to gain a championship within The Corre, as they won the WWE Tag Team Championship by defeating Santino Marella and Vladimir Kozlov.", "At The Bash on 28 June, Khali lost to Ziggler by pinfall after Kane returned and attacked Khali. It was later revealed that Ranjin Singh was Khali's brother, while the feud with Kane resulted in matches at SummerSlam on 23 August and Breaking Point on 13 September, both of which Khali lost. Khali required knee surgery and Kane assaulted him with the ring steps during a match so Khali could have time off. Whilst injured, Khali made a surprise appearance alongside Ranjin Singh, Ozzy Osbourne and his wife Sharon on 2 November episode of \"Raw\" as a judge for the Raw's Got Talent segment, in which he hit Chavo Guerrero with a chop. Khali made his official return on 14 December episode of \"Raw\", teaming with Christian and Kane to defeat Ezekiel Jackson, Vladimir Kozlov and William Regal. On 2 April episode of \"SmackDown\" it was announced that Khali would take time off to spend time with his family and regroup his thoughts back in India, but he made an appearance as Khaluber (Khali dressed as MacGruber) on 19 April \"Raw\" by teaming up with special guest host Will Forte (as MacGruber) in a handicap match against Vladimir Kozlov which they won by intentional countout. As part of the 2010 WWE supplemental draft, Khali and Ranjin Singh were both drafted back to the Raw brand. After returning from his hiatus the previous month, Khali was announced by John Cena to be a part of his team along with Bret Hart, Chris Jericho, Edge, John Morrison and R-Truth to face The Nexus at SummerSlam on 15 August, but on 9 August episode of \"Raw\" he was assaulted and injured by The Nexus, thus removing him from the match."], "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#2", "question": "Did this work for them?", "rewrite": "Did the one-upmanship work for Vladimir Kozlov?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["On the July 12 episode of \"Raw\", Tamina and The Usos won their first match by defeating The Hart Dynasty in a six-person mixed tag team match. At the Money in the Bank pay-per-view, Tamina accompanied The Usos to a tag team match against The Hart Dynasty, which the Usos lost. On the July 26 episode of \"Raw\", Tamina, along with Jimmy Uso accompanied Jey Uso to a singles match against Randy Orton, but Jey was unsuccessful in defeating Orton. On the August 9 episode of \"Raw\", Tamina began flirting with Santino Marella, hinting a face turn. Two weeks later, Tamina accompanied The Usos in a tag team match against Marella and Vladimir Kozlov in a losing effort, but Tamina would then afterwards stop the Usos from attacking Marella, and blew a kiss to him as she left the ring. On the September 27 episode of \"Raw\", Tamina competed in a Divas battle royal to determine the number one contender to the WWE Divas Championship, which was ultimately won by Natalya. On the October 11 episode of \"Raw\", Tamina joined Santino Marella after his victory over Zack Ryder and celebrated with him. A few weeks later on the November 8 episode of \"Raw\", Tamina teamed with Alicia Fox and Maryse in a \"Diva Cup Match\" in a losing effort to Eve Torres and The Bella Twins. On the November 15 episode of \"Raw\", Tamina accompanied The Usos to a number one contender's tag team match against Santino Marella and Vladimir Kozlov in a losing effort. Tamina made a backstage appearance with Marella and Kozlov on the November 22 episode of \"Raw\", when she serenaded and kissed Marella.", "In late 2008, Jackson began teaming with Kendrick and both began feuding with the Tag Team Champions The Col\u00f3ns (Carlito and Primo), although Kendrick and Jackson failed to win the championship. He suffered his first defeat on the February 13, 2009 episode of \"SmackDown\", when he lost a singles match to R-Truth. Jackson made his final appearance on the SmackDown brand in a losing effort against Jeff Hardy on the April 3, 2009 episode. On April 15, 2009, Jackson was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 Supplemental Draft, therefore breaking up the team of himself and Kendrick. Jackson returned to FCW for further training, however, without making an immediate appearance for the brand. He made his ECW debut defeating Jack Meridol on the July 9, 2009 episode. Jackson then began an angle with Vladimir Kozlov in which, week after week, after one of them had squashed a local competitor, the other would come out and hit their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson formed an alliance with Kozlov and William Regal after betraying the ECW Champion, Christian, during a tag team match to side with them, and attacking Christian at Regal's request. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the November 24 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson attacked both Regal and Kozlov after Kozlov accused Jackson of costing Regal a match. The following week, Jackson once again betrayed Kozlov and Regal by walking out on Kozlov during a tag team match against Christian and Shelton Benjamin.", "Vladimir Kozlov (disambiguation)  Vladimir Kozlov (born 1979) is a Ukrainian-American professional wrestler. Other notable people named Vladimir Kozlov include:", "Vladimir Kozlov (politician) Vladimir Ivanovich Kozlov (Russian and Kazakh: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432) is a Kazakh journalist and politician who has been a leader of the democratic opposition in Kazakhstan and a candidate for his country's presidency. In 2012, he was the defendant in what \"Deutsche Welle\" described as \u201cthe first political trial in Kazakhstan.\u201d The US charged Kazakhstan with using its criminal-justice system \u201cto silence a leading opposition voice.\u201d Kozlov, who was found guilty and served a prison sentence, has been designated by Amnesty International as a \u201cprisoner of conscience.\u201d He was released in 2016. Kozlov was born on August 10, 1960, in Aktobe. From 1990 to 1996, Kozlov worked as an editor at the TV channel AKTiVi. From 1996-1998, he worked in advertising and public relations. He then served as the communications specialist for the Mangyshlak Nuclear Power Plant. He is a co-founder of Aktau-Lada, the first private television channel in Kazakhstan. He entered politics in 2001, joining the opposition party Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan. In 2003, he was elected to the party's Political Council, and later he became a member of the Presidium of the Political Council. During a visit to Ukraine in 2004, Kozlov was struck by the effects of the Orange Revolution, which had enhanced democratic values in that country. As a result of that experience, he decided to become more politically active. After Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan was declared illegal, Kozlov co-founded the Alga! (Forward!) Party in 2005, and has been its leader since 2007.", "The event featured wrestlers from WWE's Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands\u2014a storyline division in which WWE employees are assigned to the television program of the same name. The main rivalry heading into Armageddon on the SmackDown brand was a match involving three competitors, known as a Triple Threat match in WWE, for the WWE Championship between Edge, Triple H, and Jeff Hardy. At Survivor Series, Jeff Hardy was out of action after being found unconscious in the stairwell of his Boston hotel earlier in the morning. This resulted to Hardy being removed from the WWE title match, leaving Triple H and Vladimir Kozlov battling each other one-on-one. Just when it looked like Triple H had Kozlov beat after nailing him with a hard-hitting Pedigree, SmackDown's primary authority figure Vickie Guerrero interrupted the match to announce that it would indeed be a Triple Threat match\u2013 with Edge as the last minute third competitor. Edge made his way to the ring and nailed Triple H with a vicious Spear. Next, Hardy surprisingly ran into the ring and attacked Edge. Hardy then grabbed a steel chair, returned to the ring and knocked both Triple H and Kozlov with each chair shot to the head. As Hardy was about to nail Edge with the chair, Edge countered by spearing Hardy then capitalized, by covering Triple H for the win and won his 6th World Championship. SmackDown general manager, Vickie Guerrero announced on the November 28, 2008 episode of \"SmackDown\" that Triple H, Hardy, and Vladimir Kozlov would compete in a \"Beat the Clock\" challenge to gain the opportunity to face Edge at Armageddon for the title. In a Beat the Clock challenge, wrestlers compete in separate individual matches and whoever wins their match in the fastest time wins the competition. The first contest saw Hardy defeat The Brian Kendrick in 12:13."], "answer": {"text": "the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.", "answer_start": 965}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his angle?", "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#3", "question": "Was there a storyline associated with this feud?", "rewrite": "Was there a storyline associated with The Ruthless Roundtable feud?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer. His first defeat in singles competition on ECW came on the July 9 episode of ECW, where he lost a #1 contenders match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions. On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "At Survivor Series, Regal participated in a traditional five-on-five Survivor Series elimination match and was eliminated by MVP. Following Survivor Series, dissension was teased within The Ruthless Roundtable, although Jackson seemed poised to leave the group, Regal ultimately sided with Jackson and turned on Kozlov by assisting Jackson in defeating Kozlov to qualify for an ECW Homecoming battle royal to determine the number one contender to the ECW Championship. Jackson won the ECW Homecoming battle royal and was granted a title shot, but Christian defeated him at the Royal Rumble to retain his title. Despite the loss, Regal and Jackson continued to assault Christian, who accepted Jackson's title challenge. On the final episode of \"ECW\" on 16 February 2010, Regal helped Jackson defeating Christian in an Extreme Rules match to become the final ECW Champion. After \"ECW\" was cancelled to be replaced by \"NXT\", Regal returned to the \"Raw\" brand, but he also became the Pro to Rookie Skip Sheffield on the first season of \"NXT\". Regal made his debut on 2 March episode of \"NXT\", teaming with Sheffield in a losing effort against Matt Hardy and Justin Gabriel. On 13 April episode of \"NXT\", Regal won his first match on the show, defeating former pupil Daniel Bryan. On the 10 May episode of \"NXT\", Sheffield was eliminated from the competition. Regal was mostly involved in lower-card feuds after returning to wrestle on \"Raw\" and also regularly appeared on \"NXT\" and \"Superstars\". In 2010, he regularly lost tag team matches against Santino Marella while trading wins with Goldust. Regal defeated Darren Young in three matches on \"Superstars\" in October and November. In March 2011, Regal became the color commentator for the fifth season of \"NXT\".", "In September 16, 2014, Hasselblad introduced the H5D-50C WiFi. In April 2016, Hasselblad introduced the H6D product line. The current H6D products include H6D-50c, H6D-100c, and H6D-400c MS. In June 2016, Hasselblad announced the X1D-50c, the first of a new line of medium format mirrorless cameras. The X1D is comparable in size to current full-frame digital SLRs, but is equipped with a 43.8 x 32.9 mm CMOS sensor. The camera uses a new XCD mount, with two lenses initially available for sale. At the same time, an H Mount adapter was announced, allowing H System Lenses to be used with full autofocus. Currently, there are eight XCD Lenses available with the ninth XCD 35-75 Zoom Lens details revealed in June 2019 . When Hasselblad merged with Imacon in 2004, it acquired Imacon's existing range of Flextight scanners. In 2006, Hasselblad launched two additional Flextight models, the X1 and the X5. Hasselblad also produces its own advanced image processing software called \"Phocus\". The latest version of Phocus is available on Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, and by taking advantage of the operating system's raw image format library, the Mac OS X version of Phocus supports raw image formats from other DSLR manufacturers. Phocus is available as a free download from the Hasselblad homepage. In 2010, Hasselblad announced that future Windows versions of Phocus will provide raw file support for 3rd-party cameras.", "McMahon awarded Punk another rematch, this time a no disqualification match on 19 January episode of \"Raw\", where Regal lost the title. Regal got a rematch, but lost the match. Following the draft, Regal was left alone on the Raw brand as his on-screen manager Layla was drafted to the SmackDown brand. At Extreme Rules, Regal unsuccessfully challenged Kofi Kingston for the United States Championship along with Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Matt Hardy, Kofi Kingston retained the United States Championship by pinning Regal. Regal was traded to the ECW brand on 29 June. In his first match on \"ECW on Syfy\" the following night, he teamed with Vladimir Kozlov to defeat Tommy Dreamer and Christian. After winning a tag match on 6 August episode of Superstars, Regal was named as the number one contender to the ECW Championship. On 18 August episode of \"ECW\", Regal teamed with Kozlov again to face Ezekiel Jackson and the ECW Champion Christian in which Jackson attacked Christian to ensure Regal's victory, with the trio of Regal, Kozlov and Jackson forming a new alliance which was later dubbed the Ruthless Roundtable. At SummerSlam, Regal challenged Christian for his title, but was defeated in eight seconds. With the Roundtable's help, Regal defeated Christian in a non-title match on 25 August episode of \"ECW\" to earn a title rematch against Christian at Breaking Point, but Christian prevailed again with the rest of the Roundtable banned from ringside. Regal was then denied another chance at number one contender-ship, but The Ruthless Roundtable continued to repeatedly attack Christian to continue the feud. As a result, Christian demanded to face Regal, so he received another shot for the ECW Championship on 10 November episode of \"ECW\" in Sheffield, England, but he was once again unsuccessful.", "Global Roundtable on Climate Change The Global Roundtable on Climate Change, convened by the Earth Institute at Columbia University brought together representatives from corporations, research institutions, and government organizations to discuss the scientific consensus, economics, technology, and public policy issues associated with climate change. Following preliminary research and discussions, the group first met in 2005 and held a series of public and private meetings over the next five year. The Roundtable had five objectives:   Participants in the Roundtable meetings: ABB, Air France, Alcan, Alcoa, Alliant Energy, Allianz, American Electric Power, BASF, Bayer, Calvert Group, China Renewable Energy Industry Association, Citigroup, Coalition of Rainforest Nations, Columbia University, Deutsche Telekom, DuPont, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Endesa, Environmental Defense, Eskom, Eni, Exelon, Fairfield University, FPL Group, General Electric, Iberdrola, ING Group, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, International Gas Union, Munich Re, National Grid, NRG Energy, Rainforest Alliance, Republic of Iceland, Ricoh, Suntech Power, Swiss Re, Vattenfall, Volvo, World Council on Churches, World Petroleum Council, and many others. The Roundtable was funded by a grant from the Lenfest Foundation. Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the Earth Institute served as Chair. David L. Downie served as Director of the Global Roundtable on Climate Change before leaving the Earth Institute to join Fairfield University. On February 20, 2007, the Roundtable released \"The Path to Climate Sustainability: A Joint Statement by the Global Roundtable on Climate Change\". The Joint Statement outlines a post-Kyoto framework and has been endorsed by over 100 of the Roundtable participating corporations and organizations."], "answer": {"text": "Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title.", "answer_start": 1096}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his angle?", "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this work for them?", "answer": {"text": "the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#4", "question": "Was there anyone else of note involved?", "rewrite": "Was there anyone else of note involved in the Ruthless Roundtable other than Vladimir Kozlov, Ezekiel Christian, and William Regal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["McMahon awarded Punk another rematch, this time a no disqualification match on 19 January episode of \"Raw\", where Regal lost the title. Regal got a rematch, but lost the match. Following the draft, Regal was left alone on the Raw brand as his on-screen manager Layla was drafted to the SmackDown brand. At Extreme Rules, Regal unsuccessfully challenged Kofi Kingston for the United States Championship along with Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Matt Hardy, Kofi Kingston retained the United States Championship by pinning Regal. Regal was traded to the ECW brand on 29 June. In his first match on \"ECW on Syfy\" the following night, he teamed with Vladimir Kozlov to defeat Tommy Dreamer and Christian. After winning a tag match on 6 August episode of Superstars, Regal was named as the number one contender to the ECW Championship. On 18 August episode of \"ECW\", Regal teamed with Kozlov again to face Ezekiel Jackson and the ECW Champion Christian in which Jackson attacked Christian to ensure Regal's victory, with the trio of Regal, Kozlov and Jackson forming a new alliance which was later dubbed the Ruthless Roundtable. At SummerSlam, Regal challenged Christian for his title, but was defeated in eight seconds. With the Roundtable's help, Regal defeated Christian in a non-title match on 25 August episode of \"ECW\" to earn a title rematch against Christian at Breaking Point, but Christian prevailed again with the rest of the Roundtable banned from ringside. Regal was then denied another chance at number one contender-ship, but The Ruthless Roundtable continued to repeatedly attack Christian to continue the feud. As a result, Christian demanded to face Regal, so he received another shot for the ECW Championship on 10 November episode of \"ECW\" in Sheffield, England, but he was once again unsuccessful.", "In late 2008, Jackson began teaming with Kendrick and both began feuding with the Tag Team Champions The Col\u00f3ns (Carlito and Primo), although Kendrick and Jackson failed to win the championship. He suffered his first defeat on the February 13, 2009 episode of \"SmackDown\", when he lost a singles match to R-Truth. Jackson made his final appearance on the SmackDown brand in a losing effort against Jeff Hardy on the April 3, 2009 episode. On April 15, 2009, Jackson was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 Supplemental Draft, therefore breaking up the team of himself and Kendrick. Jackson returned to FCW for further training, however, without making an immediate appearance for the brand. He made his ECW debut defeating Jack Meridol on the July 9, 2009 episode. Jackson then began an angle with Vladimir Kozlov in which, week after week, after one of them had squashed a local competitor, the other would come out and hit their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson formed an alliance with Kozlov and William Regal after betraying the ECW Champion, Christian, during a tag team match to side with them, and attacking Christian at Regal's request. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the November 24 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson attacked both Regal and Kozlov after Kozlov accused Jackson of costing Regal a match. The following week, Jackson once again betrayed Kozlov and Regal by walking out on Kozlov during a tag team match against Christian and Shelton Benjamin.", "At Survivor Series, Regal participated in a traditional five-on-five Survivor Series elimination match and was eliminated by MVP. Following Survivor Series, dissension was teased within The Ruthless Roundtable, although Jackson seemed poised to leave the group, Regal ultimately sided with Jackson and turned on Kozlov by assisting Jackson in defeating Kozlov to qualify for an ECW Homecoming battle royal to determine the number one contender to the ECW Championship. Jackson won the ECW Homecoming battle royal and was granted a title shot, but Christian defeated him at the Royal Rumble to retain his title. Despite the loss, Regal and Jackson continued to assault Christian, who accepted Jackson's title challenge. On the final episode of \"ECW\" on 16 February 2010, Regal helped Jackson defeating Christian in an Extreme Rules match to become the final ECW Champion. After \"ECW\" was cancelled to be replaced by \"NXT\", Regal returned to the \"Raw\" brand, but he also became the Pro to Rookie Skip Sheffield on the first season of \"NXT\". Regal made his debut on 2 March episode of \"NXT\", teaming with Sheffield in a losing effort against Matt Hardy and Justin Gabriel. On 13 April episode of \"NXT\", Regal won his first match on the show, defeating former pupil Daniel Bryan. On the 10 May episode of \"NXT\", Sheffield was eliminated from the competition. Regal was mostly involved in lower-card feuds after returning to wrestle on \"Raw\" and also regularly appeared on \"NXT\" and \"Superstars\". In 2010, he regularly lost tag team matches against Santino Marella while trading wins with Goldust. Regal defeated Darren Young in three matches on \"Superstars\" in October and November. In March 2011, Regal became the color commentator for the fifth season of \"NXT\".", "On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer. His first defeat in singles competition on ECW came on the July 9 episode of ECW, where he lost a #1 contenders match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions. On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "JTG tagged in Gaspard, who was speared by The Big Show. Jericho applied the Walls of Jericho on JTG, who tried to reach the ropes, but Big Show executed a KO Punch on him, allowing Jericho to pin JTG to retain the title. Next, Kane faced The Great Khali. The two fought until Kane pursued Ranjin Singh. Kane performed a dropkick to Khali's knee and executed a running DDT for the victory. D-Generation X (Triple H and Shawn Michaels) faced The Legacy (Cody Rhodes and Ted Dibiase) in Michaels' first match since WrestleMania XXV. The match started with Triple H fighting DiBiase and Rhodes. When Michaels tagged in, Rhodes left the ring to avoid Sweet Chin Music. After Legacy gained the advantage, Rhodes attempted a diving elbow drop, but Michaels countered the move. Michaels attempted a diving elbow drop, but Rhodes countered and executed Cross Rhodes on Michaels. Triple H broke up the pin and executed the Pedigree on Rhodes, leading to DiBiase executing Dream Street on Triple H. As DiBiase and Triple H fought outside the ring, Michaels executed Sweet Chin Music on Rhodes to win the match. Next, Christian defended the ECW Championship against William Regal, accompanied by Ezekiel Jackson and Vladimir Kozlov. As Regal was removing his coat, Christian executed the Killswitch to retain the title. After the match, Jackson and Kozlov attacked Christian, with Jackson executing The Book of Ezekiel and Kozlov executing the Iron Curtain on Christian and Regal applied the Regal Stretch on Christian. Randy Orton defended the WWE Championship against John Cena. The match started with neither man gaining the advantage until Orton executed an elevated DDT on Cena. As Orton attempted a punt, Cena fought back."], "answer": {"text": "During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside,", "answer_start": 1354}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his angle?", "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this work for them?", "answer": {"text": "the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a storyline associated with this feud?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title.", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#5", "question": "What did he do next?", "rewrite": "What did Vladimir Kozlov do next after William Regal turned on him?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["JTG tagged in Gaspard, who was speared by The Big Show. Jericho applied the Walls of Jericho on JTG, who tried to reach the ropes, but Big Show executed a KO Punch on him, allowing Jericho to pin JTG to retain the title. Next, Kane faced The Great Khali. The two fought until Kane pursued Ranjin Singh. Kane performed a dropkick to Khali's knee and executed a running DDT for the victory. D-Generation X (Triple H and Shawn Michaels) faced The Legacy (Cody Rhodes and Ted Dibiase) in Michaels' first match since WrestleMania XXV. The match started with Triple H fighting DiBiase and Rhodes. When Michaels tagged in, Rhodes left the ring to avoid Sweet Chin Music. After Legacy gained the advantage, Rhodes attempted a diving elbow drop, but Michaels countered the move. Michaels attempted a diving elbow drop, but Rhodes countered and executed Cross Rhodes on Michaels. Triple H broke up the pin and executed the Pedigree on Rhodes, leading to DiBiase executing Dream Street on Triple H. As DiBiase and Triple H fought outside the ring, Michaels executed Sweet Chin Music on Rhodes to win the match. Next, Christian defended the ECW Championship against William Regal, accompanied by Ezekiel Jackson and Vladimir Kozlov. As Regal was removing his coat, Christian executed the Killswitch to retain the title. After the match, Jackson and Kozlov attacked Christian, with Jackson executing The Book of Ezekiel and Kozlov executing the Iron Curtain on Christian and Regal applied the Regal Stretch on Christian. Randy Orton defended the WWE Championship against John Cena. The match started with neither man gaining the advantage until Orton executed an elevated DDT on Cena. As Orton attempted a punt, Cena fought back.", "In late 2008, Jackson began teaming with Kendrick and both began feuding with the Tag Team Champions The Col\u00f3ns (Carlito and Primo), although Kendrick and Jackson failed to win the championship. He suffered his first defeat on the February 13, 2009 episode of \"SmackDown\", when he lost a singles match to R-Truth. Jackson made his final appearance on the SmackDown brand in a losing effort against Jeff Hardy on the April 3, 2009 episode. On April 15, 2009, Jackson was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 Supplemental Draft, therefore breaking up the team of himself and Kendrick. Jackson returned to FCW for further training, however, without making an immediate appearance for the brand. He made his ECW debut defeating Jack Meridol on the July 9, 2009 episode. Jackson then began an angle with Vladimir Kozlov in which, week after week, after one of them had squashed a local competitor, the other would come out and hit their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson formed an alliance with Kozlov and William Regal after betraying the ECW Champion, Christian, during a tag team match to side with them, and attacking Christian at Regal's request. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the November 24 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson attacked both Regal and Kozlov after Kozlov accused Jackson of costing Regal a match. The following week, Jackson once again betrayed Kozlov and Regal by walking out on Kozlov during a tag team match against Christian and Shelton Benjamin.", "Edge attempted a spear on Triple H, but Triple H avoided the move and Edge executed a spear through a broadcast table on Hardy. Triple H executed a Pedigree on Edge, but Vladimir Kozlov interfered and pulled Triple H out of the ring, voiding the pinfall. Kozlov attacked Triple H, but Matt Hardy stopped Kozlov. In the end, Triple H performed a Pedigree on Edge, but Hardy executed a Swanton Bomb on Edge, causing Triple H to roll out of the ring, and pinned Edge to win the title. After Armageddon on the January 2, 2009 episode of \"SmackDown\", Vickie Guerrero announced that Jeff Hardy would defend the WWE Championship against Edge at the WWE's Royal Rumble pay-per-view. At the Royal Rumble, Edge defeated Hardy to regain the WWE Championship with the unexpected help from Matt Hardy. The rivalry between Batista and Orton continued until the December 15, 2008, episode of \"Raw\", when Orton punted Batista in the head, giving him a storyline concussion, causing him to take time off indefinitely. WWE.com later reported that Batista elected to undergo surgery to repair a legitimate hamstring tear (that he suffered during his match with John Cena at SummerSlam). CM Punk received his match for the Intercontinental title on the January 5, 2009 episode of \"Raw\" against William Regal, but failed to win due to Regal getting himself disqualified. Two weeks later, Punk and Regal had another match this time under no disqualifications rules, which Punk won to claim the title. The rivalry between Michelle McCool and Maryse continued on the following edition of \"SmackDown\" when Maryse defeated Maria to earn another shot at Michelle's Divas Championship.", "On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer. His first defeat in singles competition on ECW came on the July 9 episode of ECW, where he lost a #1 contenders match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions. On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "Two weeks later, he faced Mikey Whipwreck, but Jimmy Hart's First Family came out to challenge The Blue Bloods at Road Wild for the Hardcore Trophy, causing Regal to lose the match. Nothing came of this challenge as neither the First Family or the Blue Bloods were featured on the Road Wild card. Similar to his previous run, much of Regal's performances took place in tag team bouts. Regal continued his role as a rule breaking villain and had small feuds with teams such as The Filthy Animals. In late February 2000, Regal lost a career vs. career match against Jim Duggan on \"Saturday Night\" for the World Television Championship, which was done in order to explain Regal's release from the company. Regal was once again hired by the WWF and sent to the developmental territory Memphis Championship Wrestling (MCW) for a short time. He re-debuted in a match with Chris Benoit at the Third Annual Brian Pillman Memorial Show. Regal returned on 18 September 2000 episode of \"Raw\" as a heel, under the name Steven William Regal (later shortened to William Regal). Regal defeated Al Snow to win the WWF European Championship on 16 October episode of \"Raw\". Regal would lose the title to Crash Holly at Rebellion on 2 December, before winning it back two days later on \"Raw\". Regal would enter his first Royal Rumble match at the eponymous pay-per-view on 21 January 2001, but failed to win. The next night on \"Raw\", Regal lost the European Championship to Test. On 8 March episode of \"SmackDown!\", Regal became the new WWF commissioner, after defeating Al Snow. Regal later became the on-screen commissioner and self-proclaimed \"Goodwill Ambassador\" of the WWF and was given a comedy sidekick in Tajiri. During The Invasion storyline, Regal turned face as he remained the WWF Commissioner."], "answer": {"text": "After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal,", "answer_start": 1471}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his angle?", "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this work for them?", "answer": {"text": "the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a storyline associated with this feud?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title.", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anyone else of note involved?", "answer": {"text": "During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside,", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#6", "question": "Was this attempt successful?", "rewrite": "Was Vladimir Kozlov's attempt to attack William Regal successful?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer. His first defeat in singles competition on ECW came on the July 9 episode of ECW, where he lost a #1 contenders match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions. On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "Edge attempted a spear on Triple H, but Triple H avoided the move and Edge executed a spear through a broadcast table on Hardy. Triple H executed a Pedigree on Edge, but Vladimir Kozlov interfered and pulled Triple H out of the ring, voiding the pinfall. Kozlov attacked Triple H, but Matt Hardy stopped Kozlov. In the end, Triple H performed a Pedigree on Edge, but Hardy executed a Swanton Bomb on Edge, causing Triple H to roll out of the ring, and pinned Edge to win the title. After Armageddon on the January 2, 2009 episode of \"SmackDown\", Vickie Guerrero announced that Jeff Hardy would defend the WWE Championship against Edge at the WWE's Royal Rumble pay-per-view. At the Royal Rumble, Edge defeated Hardy to regain the WWE Championship with the unexpected help from Matt Hardy. The rivalry between Batista and Orton continued until the December 15, 2008, episode of \"Raw\", when Orton punted Batista in the head, giving him a storyline concussion, causing him to take time off indefinitely. WWE.com later reported that Batista elected to undergo surgery to repair a legitimate hamstring tear (that he suffered during his match with John Cena at SummerSlam). CM Punk received his match for the Intercontinental title on the January 5, 2009 episode of \"Raw\" against William Regal, but failed to win due to Regal getting himself disqualified. Two weeks later, Punk and Regal had another match this time under no disqualifications rules, which Punk won to claim the title. The rivalry between Michelle McCool and Maryse continued on the following edition of \"SmackDown\" when Maryse defeated Maria to earn another shot at Michelle's Divas Championship.", "McMahon awarded Punk another rematch, this time a no disqualification match on 19 January episode of \"Raw\", where Regal lost the title. Regal got a rematch, but lost the match. Following the draft, Regal was left alone on the Raw brand as his on-screen manager Layla was drafted to the SmackDown brand. At Extreme Rules, Regal unsuccessfully challenged Kofi Kingston for the United States Championship along with Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Matt Hardy, Kofi Kingston retained the United States Championship by pinning Regal. Regal was traded to the ECW brand on 29 June. In his first match on \"ECW on Syfy\" the following night, he teamed with Vladimir Kozlov to defeat Tommy Dreamer and Christian. After winning a tag match on 6 August episode of Superstars, Regal was named as the number one contender to the ECW Championship. On 18 August episode of \"ECW\", Regal teamed with Kozlov again to face Ezekiel Jackson and the ECW Champion Christian in which Jackson attacked Christian to ensure Regal's victory, with the trio of Regal, Kozlov and Jackson forming a new alliance which was later dubbed the Ruthless Roundtable. At SummerSlam, Regal challenged Christian for his title, but was defeated in eight seconds. With the Roundtable's help, Regal defeated Christian in a non-title match on 25 August episode of \"ECW\" to earn a title rematch against Christian at Breaking Point, but Christian prevailed again with the rest of the Roundtable banned from ringside. Regal was then denied another chance at number one contender-ship, but The Ruthless Roundtable continued to repeatedly attack Christian to continue the feud. As a result, Christian demanded to face Regal, so he received another shot for the ECW Championship on 10 November episode of \"ECW\" in Sheffield, England, but he was once again unsuccessful.", "JTG tagged in Gaspard, who was speared by The Big Show. Jericho applied the Walls of Jericho on JTG, who tried to reach the ropes, but Big Show executed a KO Punch on him, allowing Jericho to pin JTG to retain the title. Next, Kane faced The Great Khali. The two fought until Kane pursued Ranjin Singh. Kane performed a dropkick to Khali's knee and executed a running DDT for the victory. D-Generation X (Triple H and Shawn Michaels) faced The Legacy (Cody Rhodes and Ted Dibiase) in Michaels' first match since WrestleMania XXV. The match started with Triple H fighting DiBiase and Rhodes. When Michaels tagged in, Rhodes left the ring to avoid Sweet Chin Music. After Legacy gained the advantage, Rhodes attempted a diving elbow drop, but Michaels countered the move. Michaels attempted a diving elbow drop, but Rhodes countered and executed Cross Rhodes on Michaels. Triple H broke up the pin and executed the Pedigree on Rhodes, leading to DiBiase executing Dream Street on Triple H. As DiBiase and Triple H fought outside the ring, Michaels executed Sweet Chin Music on Rhodes to win the match. Next, Christian defended the ECW Championship against William Regal, accompanied by Ezekiel Jackson and Vladimir Kozlov. As Regal was removing his coat, Christian executed the Killswitch to retain the title. After the match, Jackson and Kozlov attacked Christian, with Jackson executing The Book of Ezekiel and Kozlov executing the Iron Curtain on Christian and Regal applied the Regal Stretch on Christian. Randy Orton defended the WWE Championship against John Cena. The match started with neither man gaining the advantage until Orton executed an elevated DDT on Cena. As Orton attempted a punt, Cena fought back.", "In late 2008, Jackson began teaming with Kendrick and both began feuding with the Tag Team Champions The Col\u00f3ns (Carlito and Primo), although Kendrick and Jackson failed to win the championship. He suffered his first defeat on the February 13, 2009 episode of \"SmackDown\", when he lost a singles match to R-Truth. Jackson made his final appearance on the SmackDown brand in a losing effort against Jeff Hardy on the April 3, 2009 episode. On April 15, 2009, Jackson was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 Supplemental Draft, therefore breaking up the team of himself and Kendrick. Jackson returned to FCW for further training, however, without making an immediate appearance for the brand. He made his ECW debut defeating Jack Meridol on the July 9, 2009 episode. Jackson then began an angle with Vladimir Kozlov in which, week after week, after one of them had squashed a local competitor, the other would come out and hit their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson formed an alliance with Kozlov and William Regal after betraying the ECW Champion, Christian, during a tag team match to side with them, and attacking Christian at Regal's request. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the November 24 episode of \"ECW\", Jackson attacked both Regal and Kozlov after Kozlov accused Jackson of costing Regal a match. The following week, Jackson once again betrayed Kozlov and Regal by walking out on Kozlov during a tag team match against Christian and Shelton Benjamin."], "answer": {"text": "Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov.", "answer_start": 1526}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his angle?", "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this work for them?", "answer": {"text": "the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a storyline associated with this feud?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title.", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anyone else of note involved?", "answer": {"text": "During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside,", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do next?", "answer": {"text": "After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal,", "answer_start": 1471, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article aside from the Ruthless Roundtable feud?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In September 16, 2014, Hasselblad introduced the H5D-50C WiFi. In April 2016, Hasselblad introduced the H6D product line. The current H6D products include H6D-50c, H6D-100c, and H6D-400c MS. In June 2016, Hasselblad announced the X1D-50c, the first of a new line of medium format mirrorless cameras. The X1D is comparable in size to current full-frame digital SLRs, but is equipped with a 43.8 x 32.9 mm CMOS sensor. The camera uses a new XCD mount, with two lenses initially available for sale. At the same time, an H Mount adapter was announced, allowing H System Lenses to be used with full autofocus. Currently, there are eight XCD Lenses available with the ninth XCD 35-75 Zoom Lens details revealed in June 2019 . When Hasselblad merged with Imacon in 2004, it acquired Imacon's existing range of Flextight scanners. In 2006, Hasselblad launched two additional Flextight models, the X1 and the X5. Hasselblad also produces its own advanced image processing software called \"Phocus\". The latest version of Phocus is available on Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, and by taking advantage of the operating system's raw image format library, the Mac OS X version of Phocus supports raw image formats from other DSLR manufacturers. Phocus is available as a free download from the Hasselblad homepage. In 2010, Hasselblad announced that future Windows versions of Phocus will provide raw file support for 3rd-party cameras.", "At Survivor Series, Regal participated in a traditional five-on-five Survivor Series elimination match and was eliminated by MVP. Following Survivor Series, dissension was teased within The Ruthless Roundtable, although Jackson seemed poised to leave the group, Regal ultimately sided with Jackson and turned on Kozlov by assisting Jackson in defeating Kozlov to qualify for an ECW Homecoming battle royal to determine the number one contender to the ECW Championship. Jackson won the ECW Homecoming battle royal and was granted a title shot, but Christian defeated him at the Royal Rumble to retain his title. Despite the loss, Regal and Jackson continued to assault Christian, who accepted Jackson's title challenge. On the final episode of \"ECW\" on 16 February 2010, Regal helped Jackson defeating Christian in an Extreme Rules match to become the final ECW Champion. After \"ECW\" was cancelled to be replaced by \"NXT\", Regal returned to the \"Raw\" brand, but he also became the Pro to Rookie Skip Sheffield on the first season of \"NXT\". Regal made his debut on 2 March episode of \"NXT\", teaming with Sheffield in a losing effort against Matt Hardy and Justin Gabriel. On 13 April episode of \"NXT\", Regal won his first match on the show, defeating former pupil Daniel Bryan. On the 10 May episode of \"NXT\", Sheffield was eliminated from the competition. Regal was mostly involved in lower-card feuds after returning to wrestle on \"Raw\" and also regularly appeared on \"NXT\" and \"Superstars\". In 2010, he regularly lost tag team matches against Santino Marella while trading wins with Goldust. Regal defeated Darren Young in three matches on \"Superstars\" in October and November. In March 2011, Regal became the color commentator for the fifth season of \"NXT\".", "On April 13, 2009, Kozlov was drafted to the ECW brand as part of the 2009 WWE draft, as ECW's only pick of the night. Shortly after the draft, his character was tweaked to further highlight the training he received within the Russian military. He won his first match on the brand when he easily defeated a local competitor. On the June 30 episode of ECW on Syfy, he teamed with William Regal to defeat Christian and Tommy Dreamer. His first defeat in singles competition on ECW came on the July 9 episode of ECW, where he lost a #1 contenders match to Christian for Tommy Dreamer's ECW Championship at Night of Champions. On July 21, Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson in which, week after week, after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship. On the August 18 episode of ECW, Jackson was set to team with ECW Champion Christian against the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov. Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title. On the December 15 episode of ECW, Kozlov came out with Regal to face Jackson in an ECW Homecoming battle royal qualifying match. During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside, which ultimately cost him the match. After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal, but Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov. This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "More importantly, the bonds that form as a result of the 72 students living and working together will offer the basis for lifelong friendships that further strengthen the ties between Japan and the United States. In recent years the conference has attempted to include discussions of the rise of China as a major power in Asia by holding trilateral forums with Chinese students. Additionally, a new Korea-America Student Conference has been established to improve ties between the United States and its regional ally South Korea. The core of JASC is the \"roundtable,\" a subgroup of ten students; four from the Japanese delegation and four from the American delegation, with one member of the Executive Committee from each delegation to act as roundtable leaders. The two Executive Committee Chairs do not lead a roundtable. Roundtable topics vary from year to year, and are decided by the Executive Committee for the conference. Roundtables aim to be diverse and cover a broad range of topics pertaining to U.S.-Japan relations. The 63rd JASC included the \"Ethics of Technology and Its Impact on Human Life\" roundtable, \"Interpretation of History in International Relations\" roundtable, and the \"Comprehensive Security\" roundtable, among others. Delegates spend much time in roundtable groups. Aside from discussions and debates, roundtables also embark on field trips to locations pertaining to the roundtable topic. 63rd JASC field trips included the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant in Niigata Prefecture, Lake Biwa in Shiga Prefecture, Marine Corps Air Station Futenma and Camp Foster in Okinawa, and the Embassy of the United States in Tokyo. Each site also features a forum where delegates engage in lectures with prominent experts and professors in numerous fields. Apart from these forums, delegates also prepare presentations for two forums of their own \u2013 the Midterm and Final Forum.", "McMahon awarded Punk another rematch, this time a no disqualification match on 19 January episode of \"Raw\", where Regal lost the title. Regal got a rematch, but lost the match. Following the draft, Regal was left alone on the Raw brand as his on-screen manager Layla was drafted to the SmackDown brand. At Extreme Rules, Regal unsuccessfully challenged Kofi Kingston for the United States Championship along with Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Matt Hardy, Kofi Kingston retained the United States Championship by pinning Regal. Regal was traded to the ECW brand on 29 June. In his first match on \"ECW on Syfy\" the following night, he teamed with Vladimir Kozlov to defeat Tommy Dreamer and Christian. After winning a tag match on 6 August episode of Superstars, Regal was named as the number one contender to the ECW Championship. On 18 August episode of \"ECW\", Regal teamed with Kozlov again to face Ezekiel Jackson and the ECW Champion Christian in which Jackson attacked Christian to ensure Regal's victory, with the trio of Regal, Kozlov and Jackson forming a new alliance which was later dubbed the Ruthless Roundtable. At SummerSlam, Regal challenged Christian for his title, but was defeated in eight seconds. With the Roundtable's help, Regal defeated Christian in a non-title match on 25 August episode of \"ECW\" to earn a title rematch against Christian at Breaking Point, but Christian prevailed again with the rest of the Roundtable banned from ringside. Regal was then denied another chance at number one contender-ship, but The Ruthless Roundtable continued to repeatedly attack Christian to continue the feud. As a result, Christian demanded to face Regal, so he received another shot for the ECW Championship on 10 November episode of \"ECW\" in Sheffield, England, but he was once again unsuccessful."], "answer": {"text": "This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "answer_start": 1594}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his angle?", "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this work for them?", "answer": {"text": "the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a storyline associated with this feud?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title.", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anyone else of note involved?", "answer": {"text": "During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside,", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do next?", "answer": {"text": "After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal,", "answer_start": 1471, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this attempt successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov.", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24bd54ac012745a1adedfee99b01e688_0_q#8", "question": "What does the article mean by face character?", "rewrite": "What does the article mean by face character?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["character designer and chief animator Katsuz\u014d Hirata during the production of \"Gurren Lagann\" (2007) with his skill as an artist and ability to finish work quickly, but thoroughly. It was after Toba saw Hirata's work as chief animator of \"Strike Witches\" (2008), however, that he pursued Hirata to join the \"Angel Beats!\" staff ; Maeda also gave his seal of approval for Hirata. The 13-episode \"Angel Beats!\" anime television series is directed by Seiji Kishi and produced by P.A.Works and Aniplex. It aired in Japan between April 3 and June 26, 2010 on the CBC television network. The first episode was previewed on March 22, 2010 to a selected number of people who participated in a lottery held earlier that month. The screenplay was written by Jun Maeda, who originally conceived the series. Chief animator Katsuz\u014d Hirata based the character design used in the anime on Na-Ga's original designs. Sound and music direction was headed by Satoki Iida. The series was released on seven BD/DVD compilation volumes between June 23 and December 22, 2010 in limited and regular editions. Three drama CDs, written by Maeda and performed by the anime's cast, were released with the first, fourth and sixth limited edition BD/DVD volumes. The seventh BD/DVD volume featured an original video animation (OVA) episode, as well as a bonus short which serves as another epilogue to the series. Each of the BD/DVD volumes contained commentaries by the characters performed by the voice cast and written by Maeda. A BD box set was released in Japan on June 24, 2015 and also included another OVA episode.", "Diploma (Japan) Diploma in Japanese has 2 meanings. They can be translated into \"Senmonshi\"(Japanese:\u5c02\u9580\u58eb), the Japanese original academic degree, and the certificate of graduation. The first meaning is a Japanese original academic degree given to people who had spent more than 2 years and successfully completed a particular specialized course of study at the vocational school certified by Japanese educational ministry. This academic degree was established in 1994 to improve the graduates' reputation and to promote lifelong learning. This is called \"\"Senmonshi\"\"(\u5c02\u9580\u58eb) which means a specialist or an expert in Japanese. Its level is equal to associate or foundation degree given by the junior college. The name of academic degree in English was translated into \"technical associate\" in the past. The vocational schools in this article mean a \"\"Senmon-gakk\u014d\"\" (\u5c02\u9580\u5b66\u6821) which means a professional training college and a \"\"Sensh\u016b-gakk\u014d\"\" (\u5c02\u4fee\u5b66\u6821) which means a specialized training colleges. The second meaning is documents of certificate of graduation or deed of Graduation issued by the educational institutions, such as an elementary school, a junior high school, a high school, and a university, which testified that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study, or confers an academic degree. This is called a \"Sotsugy\u014d Sh\u014dsho\" (Japanese:\u5352\u696d\u8a3c\u66f8) which literally means the certificate of graduation.", "Unusually, Angle did not use any of these heroic mannerisms when playing a face character, instead acting as somewhat of an antihero with a few elements of the \"lovable loser\" character archetype. The majority of the time, faces who are low-carders, or lesser known, are used as jobbers. These wrestlers usually lose matches against established wrestlers, often heels that then lose to the top faces. Fans sometimes dislike face wrestlers despite the way they are promoted. Some reasons for this include repetitive in-ring antics, a limited moveset, a lengthy title reign, lack of selling their opponents' moves, or an uninteresting character. This often results in wrestlers who are supposed to be cheered receiving a negative or no reaction from the fans. When this happens, it can prompt a change in character for the wrestler in question. For example, Batista's run as a face upon his return to the WWE in 2014 was met with overwhelmingly negative reactions from the fans. Because of this unexpected reaction, Batista turned heel within just a few months of his return. The reaction of the fans can also influence a wrestler's booking and position on the card. Faces that get more support than expected sometimes move closer towards the main event scene, while those getting less of a reaction than hoped might move down on the card. While Batista was getting bad reactions in 2014, another face Daniel Bryan, was getting incredibly positive support. In late 2013 Bryan was constantly cheated out of the WWE Championship by on-screen authority figures, much to the fans' dismay, and it did not look like he was slotted to take back his place in the main event anytime soon. Loud \"Yes!\"", "This set is defined in the HTML 4.0 DTD, which also establishes the syntax (allowable sequences of characters) that can produce a valid HTML document. The HTML document character set for HTML 4.0 consists of most, but not all, of the characters jointly defined by Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646: the Universal Character Set (UCS). Like HTML documents, an XHTML document is a sequence of Unicode characters. However, an XHTML document is an XML document, which, while not having an explicit \"document character\" layer of abstraction, nevertheless relies upon a similar definition of permissible characters that cover most, but not all, of the Unicode/UCS character definitions. The sets used by HTML and XHTML/XML are slightly different, but these differences have little effect on the average document author. Regardless of whether the document is HTML or XHTML, when stored on a file system or transmitted over a network, the document's characters are \"encoded\" as a sequence of bit octets (\"bytes\") according to a particular character encoding. This encoding may either be a Unicode Transformation Format, like UTF-8, that can directly encode any Unicode character, or a legacy encoding, like Windows-1252, that cannot. However, even when using encodings that do not support all Unicode characters, the encoded document may make use of numeric character references. For example, codice_1 (\u263a) is used to indicate a smiling face character in the Unicode character set. In order to support all Unicode characters without resorting to numeric character references, a web page must have an encoding covering all of Unicode. The most popular is UTF-8, where the ASCII characters, such as English letters, digits, and some other common characters are preserved unchanged against ASCII.", "Face (professional wrestling) In professional wrestling, a face (babyface) is a heroic or a \"good guy\" wrestler, booked (scripted) by the promotion with the aim of being cheered by fans. Traditionally, they wrestle within the rules and avoid cheating (in contrast to the villains who use illegal moves and call in additional wrestlers to do their work for them) while behaving positively towards the referee and the audience. Such characters are also referred to as \"blue-eyes\" in British wrestling and \"t\u00e9cnicos\" in \"lucha libre\". The face character is portrayed as a hero relative to the heel wrestlers, who are analogous to villains. Not everything a face wrestler does must be heroic: faces need only to be clapped or cheered by the audience to be effective characters. The vast majority of wrestling storylines involving faces place a face against a heel, although more elaborate set-ups (such as two faces being manipulated by a nefarious outside party into fighting) often happen as well. In the world of \"lucha libre\" wrestling, most \"t\u00e9cnicos\" are generally known for using moves requiring technical skill, particularly aerial maneuvers and wearing outfits using bright colors with positive associations (such as solid white). This is contrasted with most villainous \"rudos\" that are generally of them known for being brawlers, using physical moves that emphasize brute strength or size while often having outfits akin to demons or other nasty characters. Traditional faces are classic \"good guy\" characters who rarely break the rules, follow instructions of those in authority such as the referee, are polite and well-mannered towards the fans and often overcome the rule-breaking actions of their heel opponents to cleanly win matches. While many modern faces still fit this model, other versions of the face character are now also common."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Vladimir Kozlov's The Ruthless Roundtable?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov began an angle with Ezekiel Jackson", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his angle?", "answer": {"text": "after one of them had easily defeated a local competitor, the other would come out and execute their finishing move on the fallen opponent in a game of one-upmanship.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this work for them?", "answer": {"text": "the team of Kozlov and number-one contender William Regal. Jackson turned on Christian, forming an alliance with Regal and Kozlov.", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a storyline associated with this feud?", "answer": {"text": "Kozlov and Jackson aided Regal in his feud with Christian over the ECW Championship, but Regal was unable to capture the title.", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anyone else of note involved?", "answer": {"text": "During the match, Regal turned on Kozlov by pulling his feet while at ringside,", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do next?", "answer": {"text": "After the match, Kozlov attempted to attack Regal,", "answer_start": 1471, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this attempt successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jackson jumped him from behind and both proceeded to attack Kozlov.", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "This split Kozlov from the Ruthless Roundtable, making him a face character.", "answer_start": 1594, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#0", "question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "rewrite": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thor Heyerdahl (ship)  Thor Heyerdahl (named after Thor Heyerdahl), originally named Tinka, later Marga Henning, Silke, and Minnow, was built as a freight carrying motor ship with auxiliary sails at the shipyard Smit & Zoon in Westerbroek, Netherlands, in 1930. Her original homeport being Hamburg, Germany, she was used for the next 50 years as a freighter. Eventually sailing unter the flag of Panama as \"Minnow\" and then awaiting further use in Germany, she was bought in 1979 by two sailing enthusiasts, who turned the now run-down ship into a topsail schooner to use it for sail training, especially for teenagers and young adults. One of the two original owners was Detlef Soitzek, who had sailed with the Norwegian anthropologist, zoologist, ethnologist and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl on his \"Tigris\" expedition in 1977/1978, and suggested to name the ship after the famous researcher and adventurer. The ownership of the ship was subsequently turned over to an association. From spring to fall, \"Thor Heyerdahl\" sails mainly the Baltic Sea and participates in international sail training events. In winter, the ship has repeatedly crossed the Atlantic Ocean and sailed in the Caribbean, especially as \"classroom under sails\" with teenage crews.", "Aku-Aku Aku-Aku: the Secret of Easter Island is a 1957 book by Thor Heyerdahl published in English the following year. The book describes the 1955\u20131956 Norwegian Archaeological Expedition's investigations of Polynesian history and culture at Easter Island, the Austral Islands of Rapa Iti and Raivavae, and the Marquesas Islands of Nuku Hiva and Hiva Oa. Visits to Pitcairn Island, Mangareva and Tahiti are described as well. By far the greatest part of the book tells of the work on Easter Island, where the expedition investigated the giant stone statues (\"moai\"), the quarries at Rano Raraku and Puna Pau, the ceremonial village of Orongo on Rano Kau, as well as many other sites throughout the island. Much of the book's interest derives from the interaction of the expedition staff, from their base at Anakena beach, with the Easter Islanders themselves, who lived mainly in the village of Hanga Roa. The book and a follow-up film of the same name made a major contribution to general public awareness of both the island and the statues. The book was widely distributed, with both hardcover and mass market editions published, as well as several reprint editions. Some of Heyerdahl's conclusions have been questioned by archaeologists, plus his methods of selecting evidence to confirm his point of view. Notable is that professionalism in the fieldwork cannot be disputed since he used educated archaeologists. Heyerdahl is mostly associated with an attempt to revive the theory that some of islanders' stone-carving technology is almost identical to the one in some parts of South America, notably Peru.", "Gonzalo Figueroa Garcia Huidobro Gonzalo Figueroa Garcia Huidobro (February 4, 1931, Santiago, Chile - May 20, 2008, Santiago, Chile), often referred to simply as Gonzalo Figueroa, was an archaeologist and authority on the conservation of the archaeological heritage of Rapa Nui (Easter Island). Figueroa's work included participating in Thor Heyerdahl's Rapa Nui expedition, restoring \"Ahu Akivi\" \"moai\" with William Mulloy, and working generally for over four decades to conserve and, in some cases, restore the archaeological monuments of Rapa Nui for future generations. Thor Heyerdahl long asserted that Polynesia had been colonized not from Southeast Asia, as was (and still is) widely accepted, but from South America. In 1947, Heyerdahl successfully sailed the balsa-wood raft \"Kon-Tiki\" from Peru to the Tuamotu Islands in an effort to prove it could be done. The subsequent Rapa Nui expedition was meant to be less of an adventurous experiment and more of a true scientific expedition. Figueroa was a twenty-four-year-old graduate student in archaeology at the University of Chile and working at Santiago's natural history museum when he joined Heyerdahl's expedition as the official representative of Chile and liaison officer, or, as Edwin Ferndon referred to him, \"a 'watchdog' representative. \" He was also to assist the team's four professional archaeologists, Arne Skjolsvold, William Mulloy, Ferndon, and Carlyle Smith. Heyerdahl described Figueroa as \"an athletic aristocrat with a chameleonic gift of adapting himself naturally to the most variable conditions of life.\"", "Torgeir S\u00e6verud Higraff Torgeir S\u00e6verud Higraff is an explorer, teacher and author with special interest in prehistoric transoceanic contact. Like Thor Heyerdahl, Higraff combines history, anthropology and traditional knowledge with expeditions. In 2002, the year Heyerdahl died, Higraff decided to recreate the Kon-Tiki expedition, and in 2006 the Tangaroa Expedition sailed from Peru to Raiatea in eastern Polynesia. Tangaroa outperformed Kon-Tiki by using an improved sail rig and active use of the guara centerboards. In 2014, Higraff proposed another expedition: to sail roundtrip from Peru to Easter Island. The Kon-Tiki2 expedition built two rafts in Callao in 2015 and reached Easter Island after 43 days at sea, becoming the first rafts to have sailed to Easter Island in modern times. The return journey proved more difficult due to unusual weather patterns and the expedition was terminated halfway between Easter Island and South America.", "Heyerdahl Award The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award was established in 1999 by the explorer and scientist Thor Heyerdahl (1914\u20132002) and the Norwegian Shipowners' Association. The prize recognizes candidates from the shipping industry that have made an outstanding contribution to the environment. To qualify for the award, candidates must have demonstrated exceptional technical innovation and environmental work in correspondence with Thor Heyerdahl's spirit for the conservation of the marine environment. Since the first award in 2001, five winners have received the prize; the Green Award Foundation (2001), the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF) (2003), NYK Line (2005), Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics (2007) and Farstad Shipping (2009) Eligible candidates are legal entities, organisations and individuals worldwide. Government agencies cannot receive the prize. All proposals are considered by an expert committee and the prize for 2011 will be presented to the winner at the NSA Annual Conference to be held in October/November 2011 in Oslo, Norway. Among previous committee members are Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet statesman, as well as several established names from the shipping industry. Anyone can nominate candidates to The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award, but most nominations come from academia, science, government, NGO's and the maritime industry. It is possible to submit nominations online at www.heyerdahlaward.com. The Thor Heyerdahl Environmental Award is additionally supported by Guard, Skuld, Det Norske Veritas and Trade Winds."], "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#1", "question": "Who went with him?", "rewrite": "Who went with Thor Heyerdahl?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thor Heyerdahl Climate Park Thor Heyerdahl Climate Park is an 1,800-acre climate park located in Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar. The park is situated at the delta region of Irrawaddy River at the edge of the Bay of Bengal. The park was named after the Norwegian adventurer and ethnographer, Thor Heyerdahl. It was initiated following the research on mangrove restoration by the Worldview International Foundation (WIF) in 2012 in association with Pathein University, Myeik University and Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar. The park is designed for mangrove restoration in Myanmar to overcome losses of 1 million Hectares since 1980. Thor Heyerdahl Climate Park was started in 2012 by Arne Fj\u00f8rtoft and Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar as a pilot project for large scale mangrove restoration worldwide based on three years research by WIF in co-operation with Pathein University and Myeik University. The park is planned to plant nearly 9 million mangrove trees in three yearly stages between 2015 and 2018. From January 2015 to July 2015, over 400,000 mangrove trees have been planted in the park and 100,000 in the nursery for planting at later stages in 2015. During this period, additional land has been cleared for planting of 1 million mangrove trees in 2016. This will complete planting in 2016 of 2 million trees in the park, with a capacity to mitigate 2 million tons of CO climate gases during 20 years growth period of the trees. During 2017 and 2018, the park is planned to plant the remaining 6 million trees. The project has been supported by Intercultural Open University Foundation, Letten Foundation and other institutions, companies and private individuals.", "Jacqueline Beer Jacqueline Beer (born Jacqueline Vangramberg; 14 October 1932 in Paris, France), sometimes credited as Jacqueline Baer, is a former Hollywood film and television actress who was Miss France in the 1954 Miss Universe Pageant. She is Chair of the Board of Directors of the Thor Heyerdahl Institute, located in Larvik, Norway, birthplace of her last husband, scientist Thor Heyerdahl. Beer's father was \"a well-known writer and owner of a large horse farm. \" Her formal education came at a convent near Paris. Soon after competing in the Miss Universe contest, Beer signed a contract with Paramount Pictures. Her American film debut came in 1956 when she had an uncredited role as a model in \"That Certain Feeling\". She was also in \"Screaming Eagles\" (1956) and \"The Prize\" (1963). She is best remembered today for her five-year role as Suzanne Fabray, nicknamed \"Frenchy,\" the charming and efficient switchboard operator (and occasional operative) on the classic private eye TV series \"77 Sunset Strip\". Beer married Jean Antoine Garcia Roady, an accountant, on November 26, 1955. They had two sons, Serge and Laurent, and a daughter, Sabine. In 1991, Beer married ethnographer and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl, whom she met in G\u00fc\u00edmar, on the Spanish island of Tenerife. She became part of his work, using her skills as an amateur photographer. Since his death in 2002, she has remained active in the Thor Heyerdahl Research Centre in Aylesbury, UK, and is Chair of the Board of Directors.", "Thor Heyerdahl (ship)  Thor Heyerdahl (named after Thor Heyerdahl), originally named Tinka, later Marga Henning, Silke, and Minnow, was built as a freight carrying motor ship with auxiliary sails at the shipyard Smit & Zoon in Westerbroek, Netherlands, in 1930. Her original homeport being Hamburg, Germany, she was used for the next 50 years as a freighter. Eventually sailing unter the flag of Panama as \"Minnow\" and then awaiting further use in Germany, she was bought in 1979 by two sailing enthusiasts, who turned the now run-down ship into a topsail schooner to use it for sail training, especially for teenagers and young adults. One of the two original owners was Detlef Soitzek, who had sailed with the Norwegian anthropologist, zoologist, ethnologist and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl on his \"Tigris\" expedition in 1977/1978, and suggested to name the ship after the famous researcher and adventurer. The ownership of the ship was subsequently turned over to an association. From spring to fall, \"Thor Heyerdahl\" sails mainly the Baltic Sea and participates in international sail training events. In winter, the ship has repeatedly crossed the Atlantic Ocean and sailed in the Caribbean, especially as \"classroom under sails\" with teenage crews.", "Heyerdahl Award The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award was established in 1999 by the explorer and scientist Thor Heyerdahl (1914\u20132002) and the Norwegian Shipowners' Association. The prize recognizes candidates from the shipping industry that have made an outstanding contribution to the environment. To qualify for the award, candidates must have demonstrated exceptional technical innovation and environmental work in correspondence with Thor Heyerdahl's spirit for the conservation of the marine environment. Since the first award in 2001, five winners have received the prize; the Green Award Foundation (2001), the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF) (2003), NYK Line (2005), Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics (2007) and Farstad Shipping (2009) Eligible candidates are legal entities, organisations and individuals worldwide. Government agencies cannot receive the prize. All proposals are considered by an expert committee and the prize for 2011 will be presented to the winner at the NSA Annual Conference to be held in October/November 2011 in Oslo, Norway. Among previous committee members are Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet statesman, as well as several established names from the shipping industry. Anyone can nominate candidates to The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award, but most nominations come from academia, science, government, NGO's and the maritime industry. It is possible to submit nominations online at www.heyerdahlaward.com. The Thor Heyerdahl Environmental Award is additionally supported by Guard, Skuld, Det Norske Veritas and Trade Winds.", "Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School () is an upper secondary school in Larvik, Norway, named for the explorer Thor Heyerdahl, who was born in the city. It was formed by combining the previous upper secondary schools in Larvik. It is one of the largest upper secondary schools in Norway, with approximately 1,650 students , and offers 10 programmes or courses of instruction. The school was split between several locations until a new building, built as a combined project with Arena Larvik, opened on 17 August 2009. Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School was formed in 2004 by the merger of the previously existing upper secondary schools in Larvik: \"Farris videreg\u00e5ende skole\" (previously known as \"Larvik handelsskole\", Larvik business school), \"Gloppe skole\" (previously \"Vestfold fylkes husflidskole\", Vestfold handcrafts school), \"Kilden videreg\u00e5ende skole\" (previously \"Larvik yrkesskole\", Larvik vocational school) and \"Larvik gymnas\" (Larvik \"gymnasium\"). The \"gymnasium\"'s history goes back to the foundation of \"Laurvigs Middelskole\" (Larvik Middle School) in 1824; the Thor Heyerdahl name was first used in 1994. The municipality of Larvik bought the \"gymnasium\" building and acquired Ahlefeldtsgate 6, 8 and 10 for 30.3 million kroner, but did not acquire the Farris or Gloppe school sites. On 17 August 2009 the school's new building opened, uniting all courses on a single campus. The official opening ceremony took place on 18 September."], "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#2", "question": "When did they go?", "rewrite": "When Thor Heyerdah and the expedition\u2019s scientific staff go?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eileen Guppy Eileen Mary Guppy MBE (24 May 1903 \u2013 8 March 1980) was the first female geologist appointed to the scientific staff of the British Geological Survey and was the first female staff member to be awarded an MBE in 1966 for her 39 years of service to the Order of the British Empire. Guppy graduated in Geology from Bedford College, London in around 1925. For the next two years she worked as a research assistant to Prof Leonard Hawkes at Bedford College and published the paper \"A Composite Dyke from Eastern Iceland\" in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London. In 1927 Eileen Guppy was one of two women with geology degrees to be appointed as technical assistants at the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Guppy was appointed to the Petrological Department. She spent many years working in roles subordinate to senior male staff due to her gender and despite her qualifications. By 1935 she was regarded of sufficient status to be given the task of organising the move of the Petrology rock and thin section collections from the old Museum of Practical Geology in Jermyn Street to the new Geological Museum in Exhibition Road (this is now part of the Natural History Museum). Due to World War II in 1943 Guppy was promoted to the rank of assistant geologist, therefore, becoming the first female geology graduate to be appointed to the scientific staff of the Survey. After the war ended, she reverted to her earlier position of Senior Experimental Officer because it was deemed that she had fulfilled her wartime role. She continued to work as a scientific assistant to the survey's Directors Sir William Pugh and Sir James Stubblefield. Guppy later became a secretary for the new Atomic Energy Division, and finally worked with the inspectors from the Public Record Office between 1963 and 1965 evaluating older records from the Geological survey and museum. Upon her retirement in 1966, Guppy was awarded an MBE for her loyal service over 39 years.", "Later, at Upernavik, also joining their ranks would be Hans Hendrik, the esteemed Greenlandic Inuk hunter previously employed by Elisha Kent Kane and Isaac Israel Hayes on their respective expeditions, and whose expertise had been crucial to their survival, helping ward off starvation. Throwing his weight around, Hans, wrote Bessels, \"refused to see that his [wife] and their children were extremely unwelcome extras on such an undertaking.\" Reluctant to increase their number with \"four useless mouths,\" Hall aquiesced, so that now, besides Hans' wife, added to their complement were three young children. Even before leaving the Brooklyn Navy Yard on June 29, 1871, the expedition ran into personnel troubles. The cook, a seaman, a fireman, and assistant engineer deserted. The steward turned out to be a drunk and was left in port. The ship stopped in New London, to pick up a replacement assistant engineer, and left on July 3. By the time the ship reached St. John's, there was dissension among the officers and scientific staff. Bessels, backed by Meyer, had openly rejected Hall's command over the scientific staff. The dissension spread to the crew, which was divided by nationality. In his diary, Tyson wrote that by the time they reached Disko Island, \"[...] expressions are freely made that Hall shall not get any credit out of this expedition. Already some have made up their minds how far they will go and when they will get home again.\" Hall asked Captain Henry K. Davenport of the supply ship to intervene. Davenport threatened to have Meyer shackled for insubordination and sent back to the United States, at which point all of the Germans threatened to quit.", "STScI routinely participates with NASA and industry system engineers and scientists in developing the overall mission architecture. For HST, this includes helping to determine and prioritize servicing mission activities and development of the servicing strategy. For JWST, this includes participating in the definition of high-level science requirements and the overall architecture for the mission. In both cases, the STScI focuses on the scientific capabilities of the mission, and also the requirements for smooth and efficient operations of the observatory. STScI manages the selection of the Hubble Fellowship Program. Since 1990, Hubble Fellowships support outstanding postdoctoral scientists whose research is broadly related to the scientific mission of the Hubble Space Telescope. In 2009 it was combined with the Spitzer Fellowship that since 2002 had been associated with the Spitzer telescope and science program. It now supports fellows undertaking research associated with all missions within the Cosmic Origins theme: the Herschel Space Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope (HST), James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The research may be theoretical, observational, or instrumental. Each year, since HST's launch in 1990, 8 to 12 fellowships are awarded; from 2009 it hovers about 16. STScI also sponsors a summer student intern program that allows talented undergraduate students from around the world to work with the Institute's scientific staff, providing these students with hands-on experience in state-of-the-art astronomical research. STScI's full-time scientific staff conducts original research spanning a broad range of astrophysics including investigations of the solar system, exoplanet detection and characterization, star formation, galaxy evolution, and physical cosmology. STScI hosts an annual scientific symposium held each spring as well as several smaller scientific workshops.", "\u00dej\u00e1lfi and Thor go into the hall to talk while Loki slaughters the goats and prepares the food, which Thor then offers to the people (v. 14-15). Thor and the others eat vigorously while \u00dej\u00e1lfi breaks one of the legs to get to the marrow (v. 15-16). The next day Thor resurrects the goats with his hammer and finds that one of them has a damaged leg (17-20). Thor becomes angry, but the farmer offers him reconciliation (v. 21-23). Thor asks for \u00dej\u00e1lfi and R\u00f6skva as servants and the farmer agrees, both of them happy about the deal (v. 24-26). Thor leaves his goats with the farmer and goes forward on foot with his companions, walking until night falls (v. 27-28). They find a hall in a forest, large and skilfully made, with a strong roof and broad doors. It is decorated with gold (v. 29-30). They enter the hall and go to sleep (v. 30-31). As Thor and his companions fall asleep a strong wind starts shaking the building and the forest (v. 3-4). They get dressed again and find a small house in the middle of the hall (v. 5). Thor sits in the doorway while his companions go inside (v. 6). The next morning Thor goes outside and finds an enormous giant, described at length, sleeping by an oak, his snoring shaking the earth (v. 7-16). Thor grabs his hammer, intending to kill the giant, but just then he wakes up and startles Thor (v. 16-17). The giant sits up and heartily greets Thor and his companions (v. 18). Thor asks the giant for his name (v. 19).", "In that year, the government enacted the Australian Museum Act, thereby incorporating it and establishing a board of trustees consisting of 24 members. William Sharp Macleay, the former committee chairman, continued to serve as the chairman of this committee. The position of \"curator\" was renamed \"director and curator\" in 1918 and from, 1921 \"director\". In 1948, the \"scientific assistants\" (the scientific staff) were redesignated \"curators\" and \"assistant curators\". In 1983, during a period of reorganisation, the position of curator was renamed as \"collection manager\". After a run of field collecting activities by the scientific staff in the 1880s and 1890s, field work ceased until after the First World War. In the 1920s, new expeditions were launched to New Guinea, the Kermadec Islands and Santa Cruz in the Solomon Islands, as well as to many parts of Australia, including the Capricorn Islands off the coast of Queensland. During the 19th century, galleries had mainly included large display cases overly filled with specimens and artifacts. During the 1920s museum displays grew to include dioramas showing habitat groups, but otherwise the Museum was largely unchanged during the period beginning with the curatorship of Robert Etheridge Jr (1895\u20131919), until 1954, with the appointment of John Evans. Under his direction, additional buildings were built, several galleries were entirely overhauled, and a new Exhibitions department was created. The size of the education staff was also radically increased. By the end of the 1950s, all of the galleries had been completely overhauled. The museum's growth in the field of scientific research continued with a new department of environmental studies, created in 1968. The museum support society, The Australian Museum Society (TAMS), now known as Museum Members) was formed in 1972, and in 1973 the Lizard Island Research Station (LIRS), was established near Cairns."], "answer": {"text": "In 1955-1956,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with him?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#3", "question": "Was the trip a success?", "rewrite": "Was the trip to Rapa Nui (Easter Island) a success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The velar nasal is sometimes transcribed with a , but sometimes with a Greek eta, , as a graphic approximation of . It is assumed that rongorongo, the undeciphered script of Easter Island, represents the old Rapa Nui language. The island is under the jurisdiction of Chile and is now home to a number of Chilean continentals most of whom speak only Spanish. The influence of the Spanish language is noticeable in modern Rapa Nui speech. As fewer children learn to speak Rapa Nui at an early age, their superior knowledge of Spanish affects the 'passive knowledge' they have of Rapa Nui. A version of Rapa Nui interspersed with Spanish nouns, verbs and adjectives has become a popular form of casual speech. The most well integrated borrowings are the Spanish conjunctions \"o\" (or), \"pero\" (but) and \"y\" (and). Spanish words such as \"problema\" (problem), which was once rendered as \"poroborema\", are now often integrated with minimal or no change. Spanish words are still often used within Rapa Nui grammatical rules, though some word order changes are occurring and it is argued that Rapa Nui may be undergoing a shift from VSO to the Spanish SVO. This example sentence was recorded first in 1948 and again in 2001 and its expression has changed from VSO to SVO. Easter Island's indigenous Rapa Nui toponymy has survived with few Spanish additions or replacements, a fact that has been attributed in part to the survival of the Rapa Nui language. This contrasts with the toponymy of continental Chile, which has lost most of its indigenous names.", "The increase in population in the last census was partly caused by the arrival of people of European or mixed European and Native American descent from the Chilean mainland. However, most married a Rapa Nui spouse. Around 70% of the population were natives. Estimates of the pre-European population range from 7\u201317,000. Easter Island's all-time low of 111 inhabitants was reported in 1877. Out of these 111 Rapa Nui, only 36 had descendants, and all of today's Rapa Nui claim descent from those 36. Easter Island's traditional language is Rapa Nui, an Eastern Polynesian language, sharing some similarities with Hawaiian and Tahitian. However, as in the rest of mainland Chile, the official language used is Spanish. It is supposed that the 2.700 indigenous Rapa Nui living in the island have a certain degree of knowledge of their traditional language; however, census data do not exist on the primary known and spoken languages among Easter Island's inhabitants and there are recent claims that the number of fluent speakers is as low as 800. Indeed, Rapa Nui has been suffering processes of decline and hispanicization, because the island is under the jurisdiction of Chile and is now home to a number of Chilean continentals, most of whom speak only Spanish. For this reason, most Rapa Nui children now grow up speaking Spanish, and those who do learn Rapa Nui begin learning it later in life. Even with efforts to revitalize the language, Ethnologue has established that Rapa Nui is currently a threatened language. Easter Island's indigenous Rapa Nui toponymy has survived with few Spanish additions or replacements, a fact that has been attributed in part to the survival of the Rapa Nui language.", "Rapa Nui people The Rapa Nui are the aboriginal Polynesian inhabitants of Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. The easternmost Polynesian culture, the descendants of the original people of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) make up about 60% of the current Rapa Nui population and have a significant portion of their population residing in mainland Chile. They speak both the traditional Rapa Nui language and the primary language of Chile, Spanish. At the 2002 census there were 3,304 island inhabitants\u2014almost all living in the village of Hanga Roa on the sheltered west coast. As of 2011, Rapa Nui's main source of income derived from tourism, which focuses on the giant sculptures called moai. Rapa Nui activists have been fighting for their right of self-determination and possession of the island. Protests in 2010 and 2011 by the indigenous Rapa Nui on Easter Island objecting the creation of a marine park and reserve, have led to clashes with Chilean police. Rapa Nui are believed to have settled Easter Island between 300 and 1200 CE. Previously, the date of arrival was estimated to be around 700\u2013800 CE, but more-recent evidence from radiocarbon dating supports an arrival date as late as 1200 CE. The Rapa Nui People have been found to be of Polynesian origin through genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA of pre-historic skeletons. Genetic analysis performed by Erik Thorsby and other geneticists in 2007 revealed genetic markers of European and Amerindian origin that suggest that the Rapa Nui had European and Amerindian contributions to their DNA during or before the early 1800s. Jacob Roggeveen was the first European to record contact with the Rapa Nui. Roggeveen allegedly set sail either in search of Juan Fernandez Islands or David's Island but instead arrived at Easter Island on April 5, 1722 (Easter Sunday).", "Easter Island Foundation The Easter Island Foundation is an American non-profit organization that promotes the conservation and protection of the fragile cultural heritage of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and other Polynesian islands. The Easter Island Foundation (EIF) was organized in 1989 by a group of concerned scientists and interested persons who together were inspired by Polynesia's incomparable archaeological treasures. Among its many projects, the Foundation established the William Mulloy Library on the island and continues to support its operations. The EIF funds archaeological research on Rapa Nui and other Polynesian islands, provides Rapa Nui students with scholarships, books and equipment, and publishes a series of books about Rapa Nui and Polynesia. The Foundation is best known for publishing the Rapa Nui Journal, a unique source of information about Easter Island and Polynesia. The EIF also sponsors conferences about Rapa Nui and Polynesia.", "Rapa Nui language  Rapa Nui or Rapanui () also known as Pascuan (), or Pascuense, is an Eastern Polynesian language of the Austronesian language family. It is spoken on the island of Rapa Nui, also known as Easter Island. The island is home to a population of just under 6,000 and is a special territory of Chile. According to census data, there are about 3,700 people on the island and on the Chilean mainland who identify as ethnically Rapa Nui. Census data does not exist on the primary known and spoken languages among these people. There are recent claims that the number of fluent speakers is as low as 800. Rapa Nui is a minority language and many of its adult speakers also speak Spanish. Most Rapa Nui children now grow up speaking Spanish and those who do learn Rapa Nui begin learning it later in life. Rapa Nui has ten consonants and five vowels. As present generation Rapa Nui speak Spanish as their first language in younger years and learn Rapa Nui later in life, flap in word-initial position can be pronounced alveolar trill . All vowels can be either long or short and are always long when they are stressed in the final position of a word. Most vowel sequences are present, with the exception of \"*uo\". Repetition sequences do not occur except in \"eee\" ('yes'). Written Rapa Nui uses the Latin script. The Latin alphabet for Rapa Nui consists of 20 letters: A, \u0100, E, \u0112, G, H, I, \u012a, K, M, N, O, \u041e\u0304, P, R, T, U, \u016a, V, \ua78c The nasal velar consonant is generally written with the Latin letter , but occasionally as ."], "answer": {"text": "The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports", "answer_start": 559}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with him?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they go?", "answer": {"text": "In 1955-1956,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#4", "question": "Was this the only expedition to Easter Island?", "rewrite": "Was the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui the only expedition to Easter Island?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rapa Nui people The Rapa Nui are the aboriginal Polynesian inhabitants of Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. The easternmost Polynesian culture, the descendants of the original people of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) make up about 60% of the current Rapa Nui population and have a significant portion of their population residing in mainland Chile. They speak both the traditional Rapa Nui language and the primary language of Chile, Spanish. At the 2002 census there were 3,304 island inhabitants\u2014almost all living in the village of Hanga Roa on the sheltered west coast. As of 2011, Rapa Nui's main source of income derived from tourism, which focuses on the giant sculptures called moai. Rapa Nui activists have been fighting for their right of self-determination and possession of the island. Protests in 2010 and 2011 by the indigenous Rapa Nui on Easter Island objecting the creation of a marine park and reserve, have led to clashes with Chilean police. Rapa Nui are believed to have settled Easter Island between 300 and 1200 CE. Previously, the date of arrival was estimated to be around 700\u2013800 CE, but more-recent evidence from radiocarbon dating supports an arrival date as late as 1200 CE. The Rapa Nui People have been found to be of Polynesian origin through genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA of pre-historic skeletons. Genetic analysis performed by Erik Thorsby and other geneticists in 2007 revealed genetic markers of European and Amerindian origin that suggest that the Rapa Nui had European and Amerindian contributions to their DNA during or before the early 1800s. Jacob Roggeveen was the first European to record contact with the Rapa Nui. Roggeveen allegedly set sail either in search of Juan Fernandez Islands or David's Island but instead arrived at Easter Island on April 5, 1722 (Easter Sunday).", "Easter Island Foundation The Easter Island Foundation is an American non-profit organization that promotes the conservation and protection of the fragile cultural heritage of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and other Polynesian islands. The Easter Island Foundation (EIF) was organized in 1989 by a group of concerned scientists and interested persons who together were inspired by Polynesia's incomparable archaeological treasures. Among its many projects, the Foundation established the William Mulloy Library on the island and continues to support its operations. The EIF funds archaeological research on Rapa Nui and other Polynesian islands, provides Rapa Nui students with scholarships, books and equipment, and publishes a series of books about Rapa Nui and Polynesia. The Foundation is best known for publishing the Rapa Nui Journal, a unique source of information about Easter Island and Polynesia. The EIF also sponsors conferences about Rapa Nui and Polynesia.", "In 1955-1956, Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy. Heyerdahl and the professional archaeologists who travelled with him spent several months on Rapa Nui investigating several important archaeological sites. Highlights of the project include experiments in the carving, transport and erection of the notable moai, as well as excavations at such prominent sites as Orongo and Poike. The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports (Reports of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific) and Heyerdahl later added a third (The Art of Easter Island). Heyerdahl's popular book on the subject, Aku-Aku was another international best-seller. In Easter Island: The Mystery Solved (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history. Based on native testimony and archaeological research, he claimed the island was originally colonized by Hanau eepe (\"Long Ears\"), from South America, and that Polynesian Hanau momoko (\"Short Ears\") arrived only in the mid-16th century; they may have come independently or perhaps were imported as workers. According to Heyerdahl, something happened between Admiral Roggeveen's discovery of the island in 1722 and James Cook's visit in 1774; while Roggeveen encountered white, Indian, and Polynesian people living in relative harmony and prosperity, Cook encountered a much smaller population consisting mainly of Polynesians and living in privation. Heyerdahl notes the oral tradition of an uprising of \"Short Ears\" against the ruling \"Long Ears\".", "Although he celebrated Mass in Latin, he preached, heard confessions and catechized the faithful in the Rapa Nui language. He also translated popular Catholic devotions into Rapa Nui and encouraged native religious song. In 1964, he produced a history of the early activity of the French Sacred Hearts missionaries who first evangelized the island. Given the isolation of Rapa Nui during the period before air travel, Father Sebastian researched the language, ethnology and anthropology of Easter Island. His knowledge of Rapa Nui culture and prehistory impressed the scientific staff of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition of 1955. William Mulloy, a member of that expedition, writes:  Father Sebastian published several books, the most important being \"La tierra de Hotu Matu'a\" (The Land of Hotu Matu'a) a 1948 study of the history, archaeology, anthropology, and language of Easter Island. His research is best known to English-speakers through radio broadcasts for Chilean naval personnel in Antarctica, published in the United States as \"Island at the Center of the World: New Light on Easter Island\". Father Sebastian arrived intending to stay only a short time on the island, but in February 1936 he received a letter, via a visiting ship of the Chilean navy, from his superior, Bishop Edwards, asking him to stay for two months more, which he did. However, it was almost a year until the next ship arrived, in January 1937. In that time he had revitalized the island's church, and had himself become attached to the island. The ship carried another letter from Bishop Edwards, appointing Father Sebastian as priest of Easter Island by attaching it to the \"Apostolic Vicariate of Araucania\".", "The increase in population in the last census was partly caused by the arrival of people of European or mixed European and Native American descent from the Chilean mainland. However, most married a Rapa Nui spouse. Around 70% of the population were natives. Estimates of the pre-European population range from 7\u201317,000. Easter Island's all-time low of 111 inhabitants was reported in 1877. Out of these 111 Rapa Nui, only 36 had descendants, and all of today's Rapa Nui claim descent from those 36. Easter Island's traditional language is Rapa Nui, an Eastern Polynesian language, sharing some similarities with Hawaiian and Tahitian. However, as in the rest of mainland Chile, the official language used is Spanish. It is supposed that the 2.700 indigenous Rapa Nui living in the island have a certain degree of knowledge of their traditional language; however, census data do not exist on the primary known and spoken languages among Easter Island's inhabitants and there are recent claims that the number of fluent speakers is as low as 800. Indeed, Rapa Nui has been suffering processes of decline and hispanicization, because the island is under the jurisdiction of Chile and is now home to a number of Chilean continentals, most of whom speak only Spanish. For this reason, most Rapa Nui children now grow up speaking Spanish, and those who do learn Rapa Nui begin learning it later in life. Even with efforts to revitalize the language, Ethnologue has established that Rapa Nui is currently a threatened language. Easter Island's indigenous Rapa Nui toponymy has survived with few Spanish additions or replacements, a fact that has been attributed in part to the survival of the Rapa Nui language."], "answer": {"text": "In Easter Island: The Mystery Solved (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history.", "answer_start": 865}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with him?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they go?", "answer": {"text": "In 1955-1956,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the trip a success?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#5", "question": "How well did his theory go over?", "rewrite": "How well did Thor Heyerdah\u2019s theory of the Easter Island\u2019s history go over?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["History of Easter Island Geologically one of the youngest inhabited territories on Earth, Easter Island, located in the mid-Pacific Ocean, was, for most of its history, one of the most isolated. Its inhabitants, the Rapa Nui, have endured famines, epidemics of disease and cannibalism, civil war, environmental collapse, slave raids, various colonial contacts, and have seen their population crash on more than one occasion. The ensuing cultural legacy has brought the island notoriety out of proportion to the number of its inhabitants. Early European visitors to Easter Island recorded the local oral traditions about the original settlers. In these traditions, Easter Islanders claimed that a chief Hotu Matu'a arrived on the island in one or two large canoes with his wife and extended family. They are believed to have been Polynesian. There is considerable uncertainty about the accuracy of this legend as well as the date of settlement. Published literature suggests the island was settled around 300\u2013400 CE, or at about the time of the arrival of the earliest settlers in Hawaii. Some scientists say that Easter Island was not inhabited until 700\u2013800 CE. This date range is based on glottochronological calculations and on three radiocarbon dates from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities. Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was settled as recently as 1200 CE. This seems to be supported by a 2006 study of the island's deforestation, which could have started around the same time. A large now extinct palm, \"Paschalococos disperta,\" related to the Chilean wine palm \"(Jubaea chilensis)\", was one of the dominant trees as attested by fossil evidence; this species, whose sole occurrence was Easter Island, became extinct due to deforestation by the early settlers.", "Easter Island Easter Island (, ) is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. Easter Island is most famous for its nearly 1,000 extant monumental statues, called \"moai\", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park. It is believed that Easter Island's Polynesian inhabitants arrived on Easter Island sometime near 1200 AD. They created a thriving and industrious culture, as evidenced by the island's numerous enormous stone \"moai\" and other artifacts. However, land clearing for cultivation and the introduction of the Polynesian rat led to gradual deforestation. By the time of European arrival in 1722, the island's population was estimated to be 2,000\u20133,000. European diseases, Peruvian slave raiding expeditions in the 1860s, and emigration to other islands, e.g. Tahiti, further depleted the population, reducing it to a low of 111 native inhabitants in 1877. Chile annexed Easter Island in 1888. In 1966, the Rapa Nui were granted Chilean citizenship. In 2007 the island gained the constitutional status of \"special territory. \" Administratively, it belongs to the Valpara\u00edso Region, constituting a single commune of the Province Isla de Pascua. The 2017 Chilean census registered 7,750 people on the island, of whom 3,512 (45%) considered themselves Rapa Nui. Easter Island is one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world. The nearest inhabited land (around 50 residents in 2013) is Pitcairn Island, away; the nearest town with a population over 500 is Rikitea, on the island of Mangareva, away; the nearest continental point lies in central Chile, away.", "Easter Island is considered part of Insular Chile. The name \"Easter Island\" was given by the island's first recorded European visitor, the Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen, who encountered it on Easter Sunday (5 April) in 1722, while searching for \"Davis Land\". Roggeveen named it \"Paasch-Eyland\" (18th-century Dutch for \"Easter Island\"). The island's official Spanish name, \"Isla de Pascua\", also means \"Easter Island\". The current Polynesian name of the island, \"Rapa Nui\" (\"Big Rapa\"), was coined after the slave raids of the early 1860s, and refers to the island's topographic resemblance to the island of Rapa in the Bass Islands of the Austral Islands group. However, Norwegian ethnographer Thor Heyerdahl argued that \"Rapa\" was the original name of Easter Island and that \"Rapa Iti\" was named by refugees from there. The phrase \"Te pito o te henua\" has been said to be the original name of the island since French ethnologist Alphonse Pinart gave it the romantic translation \"the Navel of the World\" in his \"Voyage \u00e0 l'\u00cele de P\u00e2ques\", published in 1877. William Churchill (1912) inquired about the phrase and was told that there were three \"te pito o te henua\", these being the three capes (land's ends) of the island. The phrase appears to have been used in the same sense as the designation of \"Land's End\" at the tip of Cornwall. He was unable to elicit a Polynesian name for the island and concluded that there may not have been one.", "Jo Anne Van Tilburg Jo Anne Van Tilburg is an American archaeologist best known for her research on the statues of Easter Island (Rapa Nui). Her primary specialty is rock art. Van Tilburg was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1965, receiving her Ph.D. from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1986. She is currently Research Associate of The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA and Director of the UCLA Rock Art Archive. Van Tilburg directs \"Captured Visions\", an award-winning rock art recording project in the Great Basin. Other projets in which Van Tilburg is involved include the administration of a small grants program, training in field methods, and the creation of prototype digital storage projects for special collections. Van Tilburg is also director of the Easter Island Statue Project. She has conducted seasonal fieldwork in the Pacific since 1982, including in the Republic of Palau and on Easter Island. She is considered as one of the world's leading experts on Easter Island statues, and has worked closely with the Easter Island community to inventory, describe and catalog nearly 900 statues. She has produced a typological analysis and classification of the statue corpus that is a significant aid to chronological studies. She has conducted extensive archival and museum studies throughout the world and, since 1995, has researched the life of Edwardian archaeologist Katherine Routledge, the first woman (in company with her husband and fellow anthropologist William Scoresby Routledge), to conduct field work on Easter Island and in the Pacific. Van Tilburg wrote a biography of Routledge entitled \"Among Stone Giants: The Life of Katherine Routledge and Her Remarkable Expedition to Easter Island\". In 1998 she completed an experimental archaeology project to make and move a replica statue on Easter Island. A documentary film and web site were produced for Nova by WGBH Boston.", "Easter Island butterflyfish The Easter Island butterflyfish or white-tip butterflyfish (\"Chaetodon litus\") is a species of subtropical fish in the family Chaetodontidae. It is endemic to the seas round Easter Island, off the coast of mainland Chile. Butterflyfish have deep, laterally flattened bodies, a slightly upturned snout, uninterrupted dorsal fins and unforked, broadly wedge-shaped tail fins with flat ends. \" Chaetodon litus\" has a rectangular outline and is silvery-grey with white-edged scales. The maximum length is long. The dorsal fin has 13 spines and 23 to 25 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 19 or 20 soft rays. The Easter Island butterflyfish is native to the waters around Easter Island and is found nowhere else. Its preferred habitat is on reefs and among volcanic boulders heavily clad in brown algae at depths down to about . Juvenile fish are sometimes found among corals in rock pools. Juvenile Easter Island butterflyfish have been observed to act as cleaner fish, picking parasites off the skin of larger fish. During the breeding season, male and female adult fish form pair bonds. The Easter Island butterflyfish is a bottom feeding fish. Examination of its stomach contents have shown that it feeds on polycheaete worms, shrimps, fish eggs and barnacles, and fragments of the black sponge \"Amphimedon\" sp. were also found. This was unexpected as butterfly fish are not known to feed on sponges, however the explanation may be that the sponge was ingested in error when the fish was feeding on the barnacles which had become entangled in the sponge. At one time this fish was listed as \"Vulnerable\" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature in their Red List of Threatened Species but in 2010, this was changed to being of \"Least Concern\"."], "answer": {"text": "According to Heyerdahl, something happened between Admiral Roggeveen's discovery of the island in 1722", "answer_start": 1297}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with him?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they go?", "answer": {"text": "In 1955-1956,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the trip a success?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only expedition to Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "In Easter Island: The Mystery Solved (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history.", "answer_start": 865, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#6", "question": "What else did Heyerdahl do?", "rewrite": "Besides offering a detailed theory of the island\u2019s history, what else did Thor Heyerdahl do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thor Heyerdahl Climate Park Thor Heyerdahl Climate Park is an 1,800-acre climate park located in Ayeyarwady Region of Myanmar. The park is situated at the delta region of Irrawaddy River at the edge of the Bay of Bengal. The park was named after the Norwegian adventurer and ethnographer, Thor Heyerdahl. It was initiated following the research on mangrove restoration by the Worldview International Foundation (WIF) in 2012 in association with Pathein University, Myeik University and Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar. The park is designed for mangrove restoration in Myanmar to overcome losses of 1 million Hectares since 1980. Thor Heyerdahl Climate Park was started in 2012 by Arne Fj\u00f8rtoft and Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar as a pilot project for large scale mangrove restoration worldwide based on three years research by WIF in co-operation with Pathein University and Myeik University. The park is planned to plant nearly 9 million mangrove trees in three yearly stages between 2015 and 2018. From January 2015 to July 2015, over 400,000 mangrove trees have been planted in the park and 100,000 in the nursery for planting at later stages in 2015. During this period, additional land has been cleared for planting of 1 million mangrove trees in 2016. This will complete planting in 2016 of 2 million trees in the park, with a capacity to mitigate 2 million tons of CO climate gases during 20 years growth period of the trees. During 2017 and 2018, the park is planned to plant the remaining 6 million trees. The project has been supported by Intercultural Open University Foundation, Letten Foundation and other institutions, companies and private individuals.", "Heyerdahl Award The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award was established in 1999 by the explorer and scientist Thor Heyerdahl (1914\u20132002) and the Norwegian Shipowners' Association. The prize recognizes candidates from the shipping industry that have made an outstanding contribution to the environment. To qualify for the award, candidates must have demonstrated exceptional technical innovation and environmental work in correspondence with Thor Heyerdahl's spirit for the conservation of the marine environment. Since the first award in 2001, five winners have received the prize; the Green Award Foundation (2001), the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF) (2003), NYK Line (2005), Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics (2007) and Farstad Shipping (2009) Eligible candidates are legal entities, organisations and individuals worldwide. Government agencies cannot receive the prize. All proposals are considered by an expert committee and the prize for 2011 will be presented to the winner at the NSA Annual Conference to be held in October/November 2011 in Oslo, Norway. Among previous committee members are Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet statesman, as well as several established names from the shipping industry. Anyone can nominate candidates to The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award, but most nominations come from academia, science, government, NGO's and the maritime industry. It is possible to submit nominations online at www.heyerdahlaward.com. The Thor Heyerdahl Environmental Award is additionally supported by Guard, Skuld, Det Norske Veritas and Trade Winds.", "Thor Heyerdahl (ship)  Thor Heyerdahl (named after Thor Heyerdahl), originally named Tinka, later Marga Henning, Silke, and Minnow, was built as a freight carrying motor ship with auxiliary sails at the shipyard Smit & Zoon in Westerbroek, Netherlands, in 1930. Her original homeport being Hamburg, Germany, she was used for the next 50 years as a freighter. Eventually sailing unter the flag of Panama as \"Minnow\" and then awaiting further use in Germany, she was bought in 1979 by two sailing enthusiasts, who turned the now run-down ship into a topsail schooner to use it for sail training, especially for teenagers and young adults. One of the two original owners was Detlef Soitzek, who had sailed with the Norwegian anthropologist, zoologist, ethnologist and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl on his \"Tigris\" expedition in 1977/1978, and suggested to name the ship after the famous researcher and adventurer. The ownership of the ship was subsequently turned over to an association. From spring to fall, \"Thor Heyerdahl\" sails mainly the Baltic Sea and participates in international sail training events. In winter, the ship has repeatedly crossed the Atlantic Ocean and sailed in the Caribbean, especially as \"classroom under sails\" with teenage crews.", "Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School () is an upper secondary school in Larvik, Norway, named for the explorer Thor Heyerdahl, who was born in the city. It was formed by combining the previous upper secondary schools in Larvik. It is one of the largest upper secondary schools in Norway, with approximately 1,650 students , and offers 10 programmes or courses of instruction. The school was split between several locations until a new building, built as a combined project with Arena Larvik, opened on 17 August 2009. Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary School was formed in 2004 by the merger of the previously existing upper secondary schools in Larvik: \"Farris videreg\u00e5ende skole\" (previously known as \"Larvik handelsskole\", Larvik business school), \"Gloppe skole\" (previously \"Vestfold fylkes husflidskole\", Vestfold handcrafts school), \"Kilden videreg\u00e5ende skole\" (previously \"Larvik yrkesskole\", Larvik vocational school) and \"Larvik gymnas\" (Larvik \"gymnasium\"). The \"gymnasium\"'s history goes back to the foundation of \"Laurvigs Middelskole\" (Larvik Middle School) in 1824; the Thor Heyerdahl name was first used in 1994. The municipality of Larvik bought the \"gymnasium\" building and acquired Ahlefeldtsgate 6, 8 and 10 for 30.3 million kroner, but did not acquire the Farris or Gloppe school sites. On 17 August 2009 the school's new building opened, uniting all courses on a single campus. The official opening ceremony took place on 18 September.", "Jacqueline Beer Jacqueline Beer (born Jacqueline Vangramberg; 14 October 1932 in Paris, France), sometimes credited as Jacqueline Baer, is a former Hollywood film and television actress who was Miss France in the 1954 Miss Universe Pageant. She is Chair of the Board of Directors of the Thor Heyerdahl Institute, located in Larvik, Norway, birthplace of her last husband, scientist Thor Heyerdahl. Beer's father was \"a well-known writer and owner of a large horse farm. \" Her formal education came at a convent near Paris. Soon after competing in the Miss Universe contest, Beer signed a contract with Paramount Pictures. Her American film debut came in 1956 when she had an uncredited role as a model in \"That Certain Feeling\". She was also in \"Screaming Eagles\" (1956) and \"The Prize\" (1963). She is best remembered today for her five-year role as Suzanne Fabray, nicknamed \"Frenchy,\" the charming and efficient switchboard operator (and occasional operative) on the classic private eye TV series \"77 Sunset Strip\". Beer married Jean Antoine Garcia Roady, an accountant, on November 26, 1955. They had two sons, Serge and Laurent, and a daughter, Sabine. In 1991, Beer married ethnographer and adventurer Thor Heyerdahl, whom she met in G\u00fc\u00edmar, on the Spanish island of Tenerife. She became part of his work, using her skills as an amateur photographer. Since his death in 2002, she has remained active in the Thor Heyerdahl Research Centre in Aylesbury, UK, and is Chair of the Board of Directors."], "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl notes the oral tradition of an uprising of \"Short Ears\" against the ruling \"Long Ears\".", "answer_start": 1641}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with him?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they go?", "answer": {"text": "In 1955-1956,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the trip a success?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only expedition to Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "In Easter Island: The Mystery Solved (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history.", "answer_start": 865, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did his theory go over?", "answer": {"text": "According to Heyerdahl, something happened between Admiral Roggeveen's discovery of the island in 1722", "answer_start": 1297, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#7", "question": "What does he mean by \"short ears\" and \"long ears\"?", "rewrite": "What does Thor Heyerdahl mean by \"short ears\" and \"long ears\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meanwhile, work on the great Moai has become so important that the Short Ears sacrifice their food to complete it. Finally it is the Birdman Competition. Nine competitors must swim to a close by islet surrounded by pounding surf, climb the cliffs to get an egg from the nest of a sooty tern and bring it back. The first to return wins for his tribe. Noro barely wins and Ariki-mau gets to be the island's ruler for another year. Ramana is brought from the cave, pale from her long underground stay and obviously pregnant. Before anything is decided about the fate of Ramana or Make, an iceberg is spotted off the coast. Ariki-mau believes that the iceberg is the great white canoe sent to take him to the gods and goes out to it with some of his followers. After the iceberg has carried Ariki-mau away, the advisor attempts to seize control of the island, but Make kills him and the Short Ears stage a rebellion, slaughtering and even eating the remains of the Long Ears. Noro alone survives, as Make allows him to live, and Noro, Ramana and their baby escape the island in a canoe Ramana's father built. A post-credits scene states that archaeological evidence proves that Pitcairn Island was settled some away, providing hope that Noro, Ramana and their daughter made it to a new land. The film can be considered a condensed history of the collapse of the Easter Island civilization. The struggle between the Long Ears and Short Ears is derived from the legend of the hanau epe (long ears), who are supposed to have been almost all killed by the hanau momoko (short ears), leaving a sole survivor, as in the film.", "Hanau epe The Hanau epe (also, hanau eepe: supposed to mean \"Long-ears\") were a semi-legendary people who are said to have lived in Easter Island, where they came into conflict with another people known as the Hanau momoko or \"short-ears\". A decisive battle occurred which led to the defeat and extermination of the Hanau epe. According to the legend, these events are supposed to have happened at some point between the 16th and 18th centuries, probably in the late 17th century. The historical facts, if any, behind this story are disputed. Since the victorious \"Hanau momoko\" are usually assumed to be the surviving Polynesian population, there has been much speculation about the identity of the vanished Hanau epe. Various theories have been put forward, most notably Thor Heyerdahl's claim that they were ancient migrants from Peru who were the original occupants of the island and the creators of its famous stone monuments. Heyerdahl's theories have not received much support among modern scholars, many of whom doubt whether the events described in the story ever took place. It has also been argued that the traditional designations of \"long ears\" and \"short ears\" derive from a misinterpretation of similar-sounding words meaning \"stocky\" and \"slim\" peoples. There are two legends about how the Hanau epe reached Easter Island. The first is that they arrived some time after the local Polynesians and tried to enslave them. However, some earlier accounts place the Hanau epe as the original inhabitants, and the Polynesians as later immigrants from Rapa Iti. Alternatively, the \"epe\" and \"momoku\" may simply have been two groups or factions within the Polynesian population.", "In 1955-1956, Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island). The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy. Heyerdahl and the professional archaeologists who travelled with him spent several months on Rapa Nui investigating several important archaeological sites. Highlights of the project include experiments in the carving, transport and erection of the notable moai, as well as excavations at such prominent sites as Orongo and Poike. The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports (Reports of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific) and Heyerdahl later added a third (The Art of Easter Island). Heyerdahl's popular book on the subject, Aku-Aku was another international best-seller. In Easter Island: The Mystery Solved (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history. Based on native testimony and archaeological research, he claimed the island was originally colonized by Hanau eepe (\"Long Ears\"), from South America, and that Polynesian Hanau momoko (\"Short Ears\") arrived only in the mid-16th century; they may have come independently or perhaps were imported as workers. According to Heyerdahl, something happened between Admiral Roggeveen's discovery of the island in 1722 and James Cook's visit in 1774; while Roggeveen encountered white, Indian, and Polynesian people living in relative harmony and prosperity, Cook encountered a much smaller population consisting mainly of Polynesians and living in privation. Heyerdahl notes the oral tradition of an uprising of \"Short Ears\" against the ruling \"Long Ears\".", "Heyerdahl Award The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award was established in 1999 by the explorer and scientist Thor Heyerdahl (1914\u20132002) and the Norwegian Shipowners' Association. The prize recognizes candidates from the shipping industry that have made an outstanding contribution to the environment. To qualify for the award, candidates must have demonstrated exceptional technical innovation and environmental work in correspondence with Thor Heyerdahl's spirit for the conservation of the marine environment. Since the first award in 2001, five winners have received the prize; the Green Award Foundation (2001), the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF) (2003), NYK Line (2005), Wallenius Wilhelmsen Logistics (2007) and Farstad Shipping (2009) Eligible candidates are legal entities, organisations and individuals worldwide. Government agencies cannot receive the prize. All proposals are considered by an expert committee and the prize for 2011 will be presented to the winner at the NSA Annual Conference to be held in October/November 2011 in Oslo, Norway. Among previous committee members are Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Mikhail Gorbachev, the former Soviet statesman, as well as several established names from the shipping industry. Anyone can nominate candidates to The Thor Heyerdahl International Maritime Environmental Award, but most nominations come from academia, science, government, NGO's and the maritime industry. It is possible to submit nominations online at www.heyerdahlaward.com. The Thor Heyerdahl Environmental Award is additionally supported by Guard, Skuld, Det Norske Veritas and Trade Winds.", "The \"Long Ears\" dug a defensive moat on the eastern end of the island and filled it with kindling. During the uprising, Heyerdahl claimed, the \"Long Ears\" ignited their moat and retreated behind it, but the \"Short Ears\" found a way around it, came up from behind, and pushed all but two of the \"Long Ears\" into the fire. This moat was found by the Norwegian expedition and it was partly cut down into the rock. Layers of fire were revealed but no fragments of bodies. As for the origin of the people of Easter Island, DNA tests have shown a connection to South America, critics conjecture that this was a result of recent events, but whether this is inherited from a person coming in later times is hard to know. If the story that (almost) all Long Ears were killed in a civil war is true, as the islanders story goes, it would be expected that the statue-building South American bloodline would have been nearly utterly destroyed, leaving for the most part the invading Polynesian bloodline."], "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl claimed, the \"Long Ears\" ignited their moat and retreated behind it, but the \"Short Ears\" found a way around it,", "answer_start": 120}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with him?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they go?", "answer": {"text": "In 1955-1956,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the trip a success?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only expedition to Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "In Easter Island: The Mystery Solved (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history.", "answer_start": 865, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did his theory go over?", "answer": {"text": "According to Heyerdahl, something happened between Admiral Roggeveen's discovery of the island in 1722", "answer_start": 1297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Heyerdahl do?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl notes the oral tradition of an uprising of \"Short Ears\" against the ruling \"Long Ears\".", "answer_start": 1641, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a056b6044fb4200a61aafb06ff43f38_0_q#8", "question": "Where these people they encountered?", "rewrite": "What about the moat?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Shortly after his release from prison, Moat posted threats to police and others on his Facebook profile. Moat apparently targeted Rathband randomly, simply for being a police officer, although on an earlier occasion Rathband had confiscated Moat's van on the suspicion that it was not insured. Moat also made threats, in two letters and several phone calls, that he would kill any officer who attempted to stop him. Both the police and some of Moat's relatives made several appeals for Moat to give himself up for the sake of his children. After a sighting on the night of 5 July in an armed robbery at Seaton Delaval, on 6 July it was announced that Moat was believed to be in Rothbury. The police manhunt remained focused there with several further suspected sightings, until the final confrontation at Riverside, Rothbury. The manhunt lasted almost seven days, and was the largest in modern British history, involving 160 armed officers and armed response vehicles, many seconded for the operation from other police forces. Police also used sniper teams, helicopters, dogs, armoured anti-terrorist police vehicles from Northern Ireland, tracker Ray Mears, and even a Royal Air Force jet for reconnaissance. In the course of the hunt there were several raids and false alarms across the region. With Moat believed to be sleeping rough, police found Moat's abandoned camp-sites and property as he evaded capture. Armed guards were also posted outside schools in Rothbury after police announced that they believed Moat posed a threat to the wider public. Several people were arrested during the hunt and after Moat's death, suspected of assisting him with equipment, information, and in evading capture and selecting targets. On 5 July, Northumbria Police announced that Durham Prison had told them three days earlier that Moat intended to harm his girlfriend.", "This may be the church built in memory of Kuroda Josui, which is mentioned in an annual report of a Jesuit missionary to Japan. The southern side of the outer castle was demarcated by the inner castle and two linear moats along with mound lines, the total length of which was 1,200 metres (3937 ft). There were three gates along the mound lines. These were called the Akasaka Gate, the Yakui Gate, and the Kazuma Gate (Haruyoshi Gate), respectively from west to east. The moat between the Akasaka Gate Entranceway and the Yakui Gate Entranceway was called the Hizen Moat (Saga Moat), because it was excavated with the help of Nabeshima Naoshige, who was then lord of Hizen Province. The Naka Moat was about 60\u2013110 metres (197\u2013361 ft.) wide, and the Hizen Moat was about 60\u201380 metres (197\u2013263 ft.) wide. Both moats are considerably wider than the moats surrounding outer castles in most of the other Japanese castles. The \"Chronicle of Lord Naoshige\" says that Kuroda Nagamasa sent laborers from Chikuzen to Hizen to excavate the moat on the east of the North Gate Entranceway of Saga Castle in return for the Hizen Moat construction. The moat, excavated with the help of Nagamasa, was called the Chikuzen Moat. On the west side of the outer castle, there was the Tojin-machi-kuchi Moat (Yana Moat) which was about 17\u201335 metres (56\u2013115 ft.) wide. Along the eastern side of this moat, there was the Matsu-dote (Pine Mound), while along the Ohori Moat continuing from the south end of the Matsu-dote", "The \"Qing Huidian\" records that there were six gates to the Forbidden city. This takes into account the two minor side gates of Wumen's two \"arms\". The city of Dadu of the Yuan dynasty had an extensive moat system in and around the city. After Ming troops entered Dadu in 1368, the northern wall was rebuilt slightly south of the original. The new wall was constructed on the piled earthen hill formed from digging the moat of Dadu. A new moat system was built for the three main southern gates of the Palace, Imperial, and Inner city quarters. The three moats were then linked to the eastern and western moats of Dadu. When the Outer city was reconstructed during the Jiajing era (1521\u20131567), another moat was built surrounding the outer wall. The water for the moats was spring water diverted from Mount Yuquan and Baifuquan, northwest of the city. The water followed Changhe and then split into two tributaries at Xizhimen. One route went east, forming the Inner city's moat system, and then divided into two further tributaries at Deshengmen, one flowing south, the other east. The other route entered at Jishuitan in the south, formed the three lakes of the imperial gardens, and finally rejoined the moat system at Tongzihe. From there the water flowed along the curvature of the city wall and joined the city's southern moat system at Zhengyangmen. The eastern route turned 90 degrees south at the northeastern corner guard tower and converged with the city's southern moat system to the northwest of Dongbianmen. Another moat flowed westwards and then southwards, forming the Outer city's moat system. It converged with the Inner city's southern and eastern moat systems at Dongbianmen, and finally entered the Tonghui River.", "City Wall and Moat  City Wall and Moat is located in Beirut, Lebanon. Built around the 9th century, Beirut\u2019s city wall was dismantled at the beginning of the 20th century. Souk Al-Jamil was built over the backfilled moat. Archaeologists have not been able to provide a precise date for the construction of the city wall and its moat, although historical chronicles suggest the 9th century. Located outside the city wall, the moat played an important defensive role in times of war. It kept the invaders at a distance, and prevented them from getting close to the wall with their mobile wooden towers. Attackers had to construct bridges from their wooden towers in order to reach the top of the wall, thus exposing themselves to the defenders of the city. Archaeologists have not been able to provide a precise date for the construction of the city wall and its moat, although historical chronicles suggest the 9th century. Both wall and moat were built atop the Phoenician cemetery, and cut across the ruins of the Phoenico-Persian, Hellenistic and Roman residences. In the late 19th century, the city wall and its moat lost their strategic significance. By the early 1900s, the wall had been dismantled, and Souk Al-Jamil was built over the backfilled moat. 9th century: Suggested date for the construction of the city wall and the moat by archaeologists. Late 19th century: The city wall and moat lost their strategic significance. 1900s: The wall was dismantled.", "Within a tent thought to have been used by Moat at a secluded spot in Cartington, an eight-page letter to Sam Stobbart from Moat was found. In it, Moat continued to assert that Brown was connected to the police, again denied by Detective Chief Superintendent Adamson. The police called in TV survival expert Ray Mears to help track Moat's movements. At the later press conference, the police confirmed the 5 July chip shop robbery was a positive sighting of Moat. Northumbria Police offered a \u00a310,000 reward for information that would lead to Moat's arrest. During the day, Paul Stobbart, the father of Samantha, released a video appealing to Moat to turn himself in. The police announced on 8 July that two more men were arrested in Rothbury the previous day. Detective Chief Superintendent Neil Adamson of Northumbria Police said they considered Moat a wider threat to the public than previously thought, but would not comment further. It had been previously reported that Moat was targeting only the police, and not the public, after his initial note stating that he would not stop killing police until he was dead. Following Moat's death, it was revealed that police asked the media to dampen the reporting on aspects of Moat's private life, as he had threatened to kill a member of the public every time there was an inaccurate report. In the afternoon, police arrested a man and a woman in the Blyth area, revealed by police on 9 July. On 9 July, a cordon was set up around the National Trust's Cragside estate in the parish of Cartington. Northumbria Police reported they had recovered three mobile phones used by Moat in recent days. In the early evening of 9 July, residents of Rothbury were told to stay indoors because a major security operation was taking place."], "answer": {"text": "This moat was found by the Norwegian expedition and it was partly cut down into the rock.", "answer_start": 321}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Thor Heyerdahl related to the expedition of Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl organized the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Rapa Nui (Easter Island).", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with him?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition's scientific staff included Arne Skjolsvold, Carlyle Smith, Edwin Ferdon, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy.", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they go?", "answer": {"text": "In 1955-1956,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the trip a success?", "answer": {"text": "The expedition published two large volumes of scientific reports", "answer_start": 559, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the only expedition to Easter Island?", "answer": {"text": "In Easter Island: The Mystery Solved (Random House, 1989), Heyerdahl offered a more detailed theory of the island's history.", "answer_start": 865, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did his theory go over?", "answer": {"text": "According to Heyerdahl, something happened between Admiral Roggeveen's discovery of the island in 1722", "answer_start": 1297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Heyerdahl do?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl notes the oral tradition of an uprising of \"Short Ears\" against the ruling \"Long Ears\".", "answer_start": 1641, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does he mean by \"short ears\" and \"long ears\"?", "answer": {"text": "Heyerdahl claimed, the \"Long Ears\" ignited their moat and retreated behind it, but the \"Short Ears\" found a way around it,", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#0", "question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "rewrite": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "Also in 2009 they received 6 nominations at the Kerrang! Awards, the most of any band that year and in Slipknot's history. Overall, Slipknot has received 25 awards from 59 nominations. The Fuse Awards are arranged by Fuse TV and are decided by public vote. Slipknot has received one nomination. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Slipknot has received one award from ten nominations. The Kerrang! Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Kerrang!\", a British rock magazine. Slipknot has won seven awards from twenty-four nominations. The Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Metal Hammer\", a British heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from nine nominations. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Slipknot has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. Slipknot has received one nomination. Founded by the music magazine \"NME\", the NME Awards are awarded annually. Slipknot has received two awards. The Revolver Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Revolver\", an American hard rock and heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won Five awards. Lead Singer/Frontman Corey Taylor has won one. The Total Guitar Readers Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Total Guitar\", a British guitar magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from three nominations. http://loudwire.com/4th-annual-loudwire-music-awards-complete-winners-list/", "Isikeli Vuruna Isikeli Vuruna (born 27 January 1988 at Taveuni, Fiji) is a Fijian Rugby Union footballer. He was a member of the Lelean Memorial School 'Dream Team' of 2006 that won the Deans Trophy in the Fiji Secondary Schools Rugby Union Deans competition on 19 August of that year. The 2006 Lelean Dream Team also had players like Iliesa Keresoni and brothers Peni Rokodiva and Tomasi Mawi. He has also played in the national age group teams for Fiji in the Fiji Secondary Schools team of 2006 that played against the Australian Schoolboys on 30 September 2006. Vuruna was selected and played for the Fiji Under 19 Team in the 2007 Under 19 Rugby World Championship that was held in Ireland and the Fiji Under 20 Team in the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship, held in England. He played at wing for the Fiji A Team against the Tonga A Team in 2007. Vuruna was selected for national duties in the Fiji National Sevens Team in the IRB Sevens World Series in 2012 playing for the victorious Fiji Sevens Teams in the Hong Kong and London tournaments. Vuruna is a naval officer in the Fiji Navy and plays for the Fiji Navy Club and for Suva in the Fiji Rugby Union's Provincial Competition.", "List of Slipknot tribute albums This is a guide to music made in tribute of American heavy metal band Slipknot. The first tribute album produced for the band was released on November 16, 2004. Currently the tribute discography for Slipknot consists of four tribute albums and two tribute songs, by Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery. \"A Tribute To Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on November 16, 2004 by Big Eye Records, and was re-released by Redline Records on June 11, 2007. On August 1, 2008, the album was re-released through Tributized Records with a bonus track, which was a cover of \"Psychosocial\" from Slipknot's fourth album \" All Hope Is Gone\". \"Metal Guitar Tribute to Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on May 9, 2005 by Cherry Red Records. \"The Scorched Earth Orchestra Performs Slipknot\" is an orchestral tribute album by The Scorched Earth Orchestra and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 12, 2008 by Vitamin Records. The label's website enthuses that the Scorched Earth Orchestra \"expand on Slipknot's marching-band-from-hell framework\" with \"booming percussion, in-your-face horns [and] string sections that rip at your flesh\". \"Slipknot Heavy String Tribute\" is an orchestral tribute album by String Tribute Players and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 19, 2008 by Copycats Records. The album is available exclusively as an MP3 download."], "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#1", "question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "rewrite": "Why did Slipknot take their third hiatus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Also in 2009 they received 6 nominations at the Kerrang! Awards, the most of any band that year and in Slipknot's history. Overall, Slipknot has received 25 awards from 59 nominations. The Fuse Awards are arranged by Fuse TV and are decided by public vote. Slipknot has received one nomination. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Slipknot has received one award from ten nominations. The Kerrang! Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Kerrang!\", a British rock magazine. Slipknot has won seven awards from twenty-four nominations. The Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Metal Hammer\", a British heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from nine nominations. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Slipknot has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. Slipknot has received one nomination. Founded by the music magazine \"NME\", the NME Awards are awarded annually. Slipknot has received two awards. The Revolver Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Revolver\", an American hard rock and heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won Five awards. Lead Singer/Frontman Corey Taylor has won one. The Total Guitar Readers Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Total Guitar\", a British guitar magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from three nominations. http://loudwire.com/4th-annual-loudwire-music-awards-complete-winners-list/", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "Isikeli Vuruna Isikeli Vuruna (born 27 January 1988 at Taveuni, Fiji) is a Fijian Rugby Union footballer. He was a member of the Lelean Memorial School 'Dream Team' of 2006 that won the Deans Trophy in the Fiji Secondary Schools Rugby Union Deans competition on 19 August of that year. The 2006 Lelean Dream Team also had players like Iliesa Keresoni and brothers Peni Rokodiva and Tomasi Mawi. He has also played in the national age group teams for Fiji in the Fiji Secondary Schools team of 2006 that played against the Australian Schoolboys on 30 September 2006. Vuruna was selected and played for the Fiji Under 19 Team in the 2007 Under 19 Rugby World Championship that was held in Ireland and the Fiji Under 20 Team in the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship, held in England. He played at wing for the Fiji A Team against the Tonga A Team in 2007. Vuruna was selected for national duties in the Fiji National Sevens Team in the IRB Sevens World Series in 2012 playing for the victorious Fiji Sevens Teams in the Hong Kong and London tournaments. Vuruna is a naval officer in the Fiji Navy and plays for the Fiji Navy Club and for Suva in the Fiji Rugby Union's Provincial Competition.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "List of Slipknot tribute albums This is a guide to music made in tribute of American heavy metal band Slipknot. The first tribute album produced for the band was released on November 16, 2004. Currently the tribute discography for Slipknot consists of four tribute albums and two tribute songs, by Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery. \"A Tribute To Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on November 16, 2004 by Big Eye Records, and was re-released by Redline Records on June 11, 2007. On August 1, 2008, the album was re-released through Tributized Records with a bonus track, which was a cover of \"Psychosocial\" from Slipknot's fourth album \" All Hope Is Gone\". \"Metal Guitar Tribute to Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on May 9, 2005 by Cherry Red Records. \"The Scorched Earth Orchestra Performs Slipknot\" is an orchestral tribute album by The Scorched Earth Orchestra and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 12, 2008 by Vitamin Records. The label's website enthuses that the Scorched Earth Orchestra \"expand on Slipknot's marching-band-from-hell framework\" with \"booming percussion, in-your-face horns [and] string sections that rip at your flesh\". \"Slipknot Heavy String Tribute\" is an orchestral tribute album by String Tribute Players and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 19, 2008 by Copycats Records. The album is available exclusively as an MP3 download."], "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#2", "question": "What projects did they work on?", "rewrite": "What projects did Slipknot work on in their third hiatus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of Slipknot tribute albums This is a guide to music made in tribute of American heavy metal band Slipknot. The first tribute album produced for the band was released on November 16, 2004. Currently the tribute discography for Slipknot consists of four tribute albums and two tribute songs, by Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery. \"A Tribute To Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on November 16, 2004 by Big Eye Records, and was re-released by Redline Records on June 11, 2007. On August 1, 2008, the album was re-released through Tributized Records with a bonus track, which was a cover of \"Psychosocial\" from Slipknot's fourth album \" All Hope Is Gone\". \"Metal Guitar Tribute to Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on May 9, 2005 by Cherry Red Records. \"The Scorched Earth Orchestra Performs Slipknot\" is an orchestral tribute album by The Scorched Earth Orchestra and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 12, 2008 by Vitamin Records. The label's website enthuses that the Scorched Earth Orchestra \"expand on Slipknot's marching-band-from-hell framework\" with \"booming percussion, in-your-face horns [and] string sections that rip at your flesh\". \"Slipknot Heavy String Tribute\" is an orchestral tribute album by String Tribute Players and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 19, 2008 by Copycats Records. The album is available exclusively as an MP3 download.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "Isikeli Vuruna Isikeli Vuruna (born 27 January 1988 at Taveuni, Fiji) is a Fijian Rugby Union footballer. He was a member of the Lelean Memorial School 'Dream Team' of 2006 that won the Deans Trophy in the Fiji Secondary Schools Rugby Union Deans competition on 19 August of that year. The 2006 Lelean Dream Team also had players like Iliesa Keresoni and brothers Peni Rokodiva and Tomasi Mawi. He has also played in the national age group teams for Fiji in the Fiji Secondary Schools team of 2006 that played against the Australian Schoolboys on 30 September 2006. Vuruna was selected and played for the Fiji Under 19 Team in the 2007 Under 19 Rugby World Championship that was held in Ireland and the Fiji Under 20 Team in the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship, held in England. He played at wing for the Fiji A Team against the Tonga A Team in 2007. Vuruna was selected for national duties in the Fiji National Sevens Team in the IRB Sevens World Series in 2012 playing for the victorious Fiji Sevens Teams in the Hong Kong and London tournaments. Vuruna is a naval officer in the Fiji Navy and plays for the Fiji Navy Club and for Suva in the Fiji Rugby Union's Provincial Competition.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "Anticipation for Slipknot's second album was intense. In early 2001, the band began recording the second album at Sound City and Sound Image studios in Los Angeles. Around this time, conflicts arose between band members due to extensive touring and recording schedules. Recording of their second album ended in February 2001 and the band embarked on their Iowa World Tour. Entitled Iowa, Slipknot's second album - released on August 28, 2001 - peaked at number three on the Billboard charts and at number one in the UK. The album produced three singles; \"The Heretic Anthem\" (promotional single), \"Left Behind\", and \"My Plague\", which appeared on the soundtrack for the film Resident Evil. In 2002, Slipknot appeared in Rollerball (2002), performing \"I Am Hated\". The release and intense promotion of the album resulted in sold-out shows in large arenas in several countries. In mid-2002, Slipknot went on hiatus because of internal conflicts, and band members focused on side projects. Vocalist Taylor and guitarist Root revived their band Stone Sour, drummer Jordison created Murderdolls with vocalist Wednesday 13, percussionist Crahan founded To My Surprise and DJ Wilson went solo as DJ Starscream. For a while, the future of Slipknot was uncertain and there was much speculation about whether there would be a third album, or if the split would become permanent. \"I don't have a problem with anyone in Slipknot,\" Jordison protested. \"I've seen comments from Corey saying there are things to be resolved, but I have no fucking idea what he's talking about.\" Nonetheless, on November 22, 2002, Slipknot released their second DVD, Disasterpieces."], "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#3", "question": "What did the other members work on?", "rewrite": "Besides All Hope Is Gone, what did the other members of Slipknot work on during their third hiatus?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He went on to compliment Fortman's ear for tone, and considered \"All Hope Is Gone\" to be the band's best album. \"All Hope Is Gone\" was mixed by Colin Richardson in Miloco's The Engine Room studio in the United Kingdom. Rumors that Slipknot would be recording and touring \"All Hope Is Gone\" without their trademark masks circulated after band members appeared unmasked during performances with various side-projects. However, Shawn Crahan dismissed these rumors in an interview on \"The Sauce\". Bassist Paul Gray elaborated that the band would return with a new image; \"It'll still be Slipknot,\" he stated, \"but we're gonna upgrade, step things up a little.\" Beginning April 1, 2008, Slipknot's website displayed ten teasers to promote \"All Hope Is Gone\". The first nine displayed the band in their purgatory masks, however, the final teaser featured a darkened photograph of the band with their new masks. Slipknot premiered their new masks on July 1, 2008 on Spinner.com; eight million people visited the website to view the masks on the first day. On June 15, 2008, a 30-second sample and cover art from the album's title track, \"All Hope Is Gone\", were made available on Amazon.com. The song began airplay the same day and on June 20, 2008, Roadrunner Records offered the track as a free download on their website. \"All Hope Is Gone\" was later released as a digital single. The second single from the album, \"Psychosocial\", began airplay on June 26, 2008 and was released as a digital single on July 7, 2008. Following the album's launch, \"Dead Memories\" was released as a digital single on December 1, 2008, along with an accompanying music video.", "Isikeli Vuruna Isikeli Vuruna (born 27 January 1988 at Taveuni, Fiji) is a Fijian Rugby Union footballer. He was a member of the Lelean Memorial School 'Dream Team' of 2006 that won the Deans Trophy in the Fiji Secondary Schools Rugby Union Deans competition on 19 August of that year. The 2006 Lelean Dream Team also had players like Iliesa Keresoni and brothers Peni Rokodiva and Tomasi Mawi. He has also played in the national age group teams for Fiji in the Fiji Secondary Schools team of 2006 that played against the Australian Schoolboys on 30 September 2006. Vuruna was selected and played for the Fiji Under 19 Team in the 2007 Under 19 Rugby World Championship that was held in Ireland and the Fiji Under 20 Team in the 2008 IRB Junior World Championship, held in England. He played at wing for the Fiji A Team against the Tonga A Team in 2007. Vuruna was selected for national duties in the Fiji National Sevens Team in the IRB Sevens World Series in 2012 playing for the victorious Fiji Sevens Teams in the Hong Kong and London tournaments. Vuruna is a naval officer in the Fiji Navy and plays for the Fiji Navy Club and for Suva in the Fiji Rugby Union's Provincial Competition.", "List of Slipknot tribute albums This is a guide to music made in tribute of American heavy metal band Slipknot. The first tribute album produced for the band was released on November 16, 2004. Currently the tribute discography for Slipknot consists of four tribute albums and two tribute songs, by Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery. \"A Tribute To Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on November 16, 2004 by Big Eye Records, and was re-released by Redline Records on June 11, 2007. On August 1, 2008, the album was re-released through Tributized Records with a bonus track, which was a cover of \"Psychosocial\" from Slipknot's fourth album \" All Hope Is Gone\". \"Metal Guitar Tribute to Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on May 9, 2005 by Cherry Red Records. \"The Scorched Earth Orchestra Performs Slipknot\" is an orchestral tribute album by The Scorched Earth Orchestra and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 12, 2008 by Vitamin Records. The label's website enthuses that the Scorched Earth Orchestra \"expand on Slipknot's marching-band-from-hell framework\" with \"booming percussion, in-your-face horns [and] string sections that rip at your flesh\". \"Slipknot Heavy String Tribute\" is an orchestral tribute album by String Tribute Players and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 19, 2008 by Copycats Records. The album is available exclusively as an MP3 download.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother."], "answer": {"text": "Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits;", "answer_start": 956}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What projects did they work on?", "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#4", "question": "Were there any other members projects?", "rewrite": "Besides All Hope Is Gone did the other members have any other projects?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["All Hope Is Gone (song) \"All Hope Is Gone\" is a song by American heavy metal band Slipknot, released as the first single and title track from the album \" All Hope Is Gone\". It was released on June 20, 2008, as a free MP3 on the band's website, after which it was released as a paid download on June 23. The song was originally announced by blabbermouth.net to be \"a heavier track\" from \"All Hope Is Gone\", scheduled to begin airplay on June 15. \" All Hope Is Gone\" is also the first title track from a Slipknot album to be released as a single. In an interview with \"Kerrang!\" drummer Joey Jordison revealed that \"All Hope Is Gone\" is a true collaborative effort between the band and was one of the final songs recorded for the band's fourth studio album of the same name. \" The song, music and theme speak for itself. It's a song about the world at stake: all the situations at hand, be it personal or worldly, and trying to turn things into a positive. Sometimes you have to face the grotesque to bring about something amazing\". Jordison went on to say, \"I actually demoed this song alone and didn't know what would come of it as we were nearing the end of the album. I was hoping it would make it. I knew it would, once everyone spewed their venom upon it\". Of the song's conception, Jordison said, \"A lot of the grind riffs for the verses were made of riffs Paul had years ago, way before Slipknot. Funny how things won't die. Mick came in and fucking set fire to the track and Jim Root followed as well. Once Corey put his fucking vocals on it, that was it, man.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother.", "He went on to compliment Fortman's ear for tone, and considered \"All Hope Is Gone\" to be the band's best album. \"All Hope Is Gone\" was mixed by Colin Richardson in Miloco's The Engine Room studio in the United Kingdom. Rumors that Slipknot would be recording and touring \"All Hope Is Gone\" without their trademark masks circulated after band members appeared unmasked during performances with various side-projects. However, Shawn Crahan dismissed these rumors in an interview on \"The Sauce\". Bassist Paul Gray elaborated that the band would return with a new image; \"It'll still be Slipknot,\" he stated, \"but we're gonna upgrade, step things up a little.\" Beginning April 1, 2008, Slipknot's website displayed ten teasers to promote \"All Hope Is Gone\". The first nine displayed the band in their purgatory masks, however, the final teaser featured a darkened photograph of the band with their new masks. Slipknot premiered their new masks on July 1, 2008 on Spinner.com; eight million people visited the website to view the masks on the first day. On June 15, 2008, a 30-second sample and cover art from the album's title track, \"All Hope Is Gone\", were made available on Amazon.com. The song began airplay the same day and on June 20, 2008, Roadrunner Records offered the track as a free download on their website. \"All Hope Is Gone\" was later released as a digital single. The second single from the album, \"Psychosocial\", began airplay on June 26, 2008 and was released as a digital single on July 7, 2008. Following the album's launch, \"Dead Memories\" was released as a digital single on December 1, 2008, along with an accompanying music video.", "The Logan family learns that Flo is Storm's daughter revealing that Hope and Flo are cousins. Happy, Hope welcomes Flo into their family and in the Forester Company. Thomas Forester returns to L.A with devastating news, about Caroline passing away. Afterwards Thomas starts to have an obsession with Hope and manipulates Caroline's death by writing a fake letter saying that Douglas needs a mother and wants Hope to be that mother figure for him. Also uses Douglas to convince Hope to be with his dad. Which lead to Hope and Liam getting an annulment, and wanting to fulfill Caroline's wish. However Hope tells Thomas that she is marrying him for Douglas, not him. When Hope and Thomas are married, she still loves Liam, but wants to move forward with Beth being gone. However Hope feels unconformable with Thomas's advances and not wanting to have sex with him. When Hope is about to go on her honeymoon with Thomas, Douglas reveals to Hope and Liam that their daughter Beth is alive. Hope believes that Douglas is just confused, and goes on her Honeymoon with Thomas. Their Honeymoon is cut short when Hope still refuses to have sex with Thomas and Thomas receiving a call from Douglas. Thomas and Hope goes back to L.A at Forester's, and Hope locks the office door. Liam storms in the office to tell Hope that Douglas is telling the truth about , Beth is alive and Flo lied to them. Hope tries to process Liam's information, but Thomas breaks down the door, punches Liam, and grabs Hope to the helicopter. Hope tries to calm him down and asks Thomas to tell her the truth about Beth. Thomas lies to her, and tells her to forget about Beth. Liam sprints and attacks Thomas.", "Preparation for Slipknot's fourth album began towards the end of 2007; work began at Sound Farm Studio in Jamaica, Iowa, with producer Dave Fortman in February 2008. The album was finished in June, and the band the All Hope Is Gone World Tour on July 9, 2008. Slipknot's fourth album, All Hope Is Gone, was released on August 20, 2008, debuting at number one on the Billboard albums chart. The album produced five singles; \"All Hope Is Gone\", \"Psychosocial\", \"Dead Memories\", \"Sulfur\" and \"Snuff\". 2009 marked the 10th anniversary of Slipknot's debut album; to commemorate the event, the band released a special edition version of Slipknot on September 9, 2009. The band toured in support of the album throughout 2008 and continued until October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus. During the hiatus, several band members focused on respective side projects; Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root; Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits; and drummer Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie. Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid. In 2010, Gray was planning to tour with the supergroup, Hail!, but on May 24, 2010, he was found dead in an Urbandale, Iowa hotel room. Circumstances surrounding his death at the time were not immediately known; an autopsy suspected his death was not intentional but did not reveal the cause. The day after his death, the remaining eight members of the band held a live, unmasked, press conference alongside Gray's widow and brother."], "answer": {"text": "Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie.", "answer_start": 1029}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What projects did they work on?", "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the other members work on?", "answer": {"text": "Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits;", "answer_start": 956, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#5", "question": "Was that all of their projects?", "rewrite": "What are all the projects of the other members of Slipknot?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Slipknot (comics) Slipknot (Christopher Weiss) is a fictional character, a supervillain, published by DC Comics. Created by Gerry Conway and Rafael Kayanan, the character made his first appearance in \"The Fury of Firestorm\" #28 (October 1984). Slipknot works for a chemical company in the southern United States, where he develops his formula for the durable ropes he would later use as Slipknot. Slipknot's first appearance, when he is hired by the villain Multiplex to attack Lorraine Reilly/Firehawk (\"The Fury of Firestorm\" #28, October 1984), ends with Slipknot in police custody. He returned from time to time as an antagonist of Firestorm. Slipknot comes under the attention of the Suicide Squad. They are a varied team, all serving the government for their own reasons. Many members are criminals, who are promised a reduced sentence if they survive their missions, with Slipknot first joining in \"The Fury of Firestorm\" #64, October 1987. Slipknot is taken along when the threat of the Manhunters arises on Earth during the Millennium crisis. A stronghold of Manhunter robots is discovered deep in American swamplands, not far from the Suicide Squad's own base located in the Belle Reve prison. Slipknot and the Squad, including members such as Bronze Tiger, Rick Flag, and Captain Boomerang, are sent in to escort the \"Baby Huey\" (a car-bomb laced with an experimental high yield explosive) on a search-and-destroy mission. Slipknot discusses the 'arm band bombs' with Captain Boomerang. These deterrent devices are placed on the less trustworthy members and are set to explode if the person goes too far out of range. Captain Boomerang states that he believes the bombs are fake.", "Also in 2009 they received 6 nominations at the Kerrang! Awards, the most of any band that year and in Slipknot's history. Overall, Slipknot has received 25 awards from 59 nominations. The Fuse Awards are arranged by Fuse TV and are decided by public vote. Slipknot has received one nomination. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Slipknot has received one award from ten nominations. The Kerrang! Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Kerrang!\", a British rock magazine. Slipknot has won seven awards from twenty-four nominations. The Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Metal Hammer\", a British heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from nine nominations. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Slipknot has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. Slipknot has received one nomination. Founded by the music magazine \"NME\", the NME Awards are awarded annually. Slipknot has received two awards. The Revolver Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Revolver\", an American hard rock and heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won Five awards. Lead Singer/Frontman Corey Taylor has won one. The Total Guitar Readers Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Total Guitar\", a British guitar magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from three nominations. http://loudwire.com/4th-annual-loudwire-music-awards-complete-winners-list/", "List of Slipknot tribute albums This is a guide to music made in tribute of American heavy metal band Slipknot. The first tribute album produced for the band was released on November 16, 2004. Currently the tribute discography for Slipknot consists of four tribute albums and two tribute songs, by Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery. \"A Tribute To Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on November 16, 2004 by Big Eye Records, and was re-released by Redline Records on June 11, 2007. On August 1, 2008, the album was re-released through Tributized Records with a bonus track, which was a cover of \"Psychosocial\" from Slipknot's fourth album \" All Hope Is Gone\". \"Metal Guitar Tribute to Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on May 9, 2005 by Cherry Red Records. \"The Scorched Earth Orchestra Performs Slipknot\" is an orchestral tribute album by The Scorched Earth Orchestra and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 12, 2008 by Vitamin Records. The label's website enthuses that the Scorched Earth Orchestra \"expand on Slipknot's marching-band-from-hell framework\" with \"booming percussion, in-your-face horns [and] string sections that rip at your flesh\". \"Slipknot Heavy String Tribute\" is an orchestral tribute album by String Tribute Players and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 19, 2008 by Copycats Records. The album is available exclusively as an MP3 download.", "Shawn Crahan Michael Shawn Crahan (born September 24, 1969), more commonly known by his stage persona \"Clown\", is an American musician who is one of the two percussionists and co-founder of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Slipknot. When performing with Slipknot, he is also known as #6. As of 2013, Crahan is the last remaining original member in Slipknot. Crahan is the oldest member of Slipknot, with extensive involvement in Slipknot's media production, directing Slipknot's music videos. Outside Slipknot, Crahan had two side project bands called To My Surprise and Dirty Little Rabbits. He also directed the 2016 film, \"Officer Downe\". Crahan was born in Des Moines, Iowa in 1969. He majored in Creative Writing. He performed in bands such as Heads on the Wall and One Cup of Fat before forming The Pale Ones, which would later become known as Slipknot. Crahan married his wife Chantel in June 1992, in Des Moines, Iowa. They had four children together: Alexandria, Gage, Gabrielle, and Simon. Crahan is also a filmographer and photographer, having published a Slipknot photo album \"The Apocalyptic Nightmare\" in 2012. In 2012, he also made his debut acting appearance in the film \"The Devil's Carnival\". He is also a collector of baseball cards. He is a smoker and has been willing to break the law to smoke inside venues along with other members of Slipknot, even when subject to a significant fine. On May 18, 2019, Crahan announced on multiple social media networks, that his youngest daughter, Gabrielle, had died at the age of 22.", "Anticipation for Slipknot's second album was intense. In early 2001, the band began recording the second album at Sound City and Sound Image studios in Los Angeles. Around this time, conflicts arose between band members due to extensive touring and recording schedules. Recording of their second album ended in February 2001 and the band embarked on their Iowa World Tour. Entitled Iowa, Slipknot's second album - released on August 28, 2001 - peaked at number three on the Billboard charts and at number one in the UK. The album produced three singles; \"The Heretic Anthem\" (promotional single), \"Left Behind\", and \"My Plague\", which appeared on the soundtrack for the film Resident Evil. In 2002, Slipknot appeared in Rollerball (2002), performing \"I Am Hated\". The release and intense promotion of the album resulted in sold-out shows in large arenas in several countries. In mid-2002, Slipknot went on hiatus because of internal conflicts, and band members focused on side projects. Vocalist Taylor and guitarist Root revived their band Stone Sour, drummer Jordison created Murderdolls with vocalist Wednesday 13, percussionist Crahan founded To My Surprise and DJ Wilson went solo as DJ Starscream. For a while, the future of Slipknot was uncertain and there was much speculation about whether there would be a third album, or if the split would become permanent. \"I don't have a problem with anyone in Slipknot,\" Jordison protested. \"I've seen comments from Corey saying there are things to be resolved, but I have no fucking idea what he's talking about.\" Nonetheless, on November 22, 2002, Slipknot released their second DVD, Disasterpieces."], "answer": {"text": "Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid.", "answer_start": 1125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What projects did they work on?", "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the other members work on?", "answer": {"text": "Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits;", "answer_start": 956, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members projects?", "answer": {"text": "Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie.", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#6", "question": "So the band never got back together?", "rewrite": "Did Slipknot ever get back together?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Also in 2009 they received 6 nominations at the Kerrang! Awards, the most of any band that year and in Slipknot's history. Overall, Slipknot has received 25 awards from 59 nominations. The Fuse Awards are arranged by Fuse TV and are decided by public vote. Slipknot has received one nomination. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Slipknot has received one award from ten nominations. The Kerrang! Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Kerrang!\", a British rock magazine. Slipknot has won seven awards from twenty-four nominations. The Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Metal Hammer\", a British heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from nine nominations. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Slipknot has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards were established in 1984 by MTV to celebrate the top music videos of the year. Slipknot has received one nomination. Founded by the music magazine \"NME\", the NME Awards are awarded annually. Slipknot has received two awards. The Revolver Golden Gods Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Revolver\", an American hard rock and heavy metal magazine. Slipknot has won Five awards. Lead Singer/Frontman Corey Taylor has won one. The Total Guitar Readers Awards is an annual awards ceremony held by \"Total Guitar\", a British guitar magazine. Slipknot has won three awards from three nominations. http://loudwire.com/4th-annual-loudwire-music-awards-complete-winners-list/", "Just minutes later, Nate shows up at her house eager to explain, but Dani attempts to throw him out of the house, leaving her furious with him for lying to her. On August 12, Dani tells her mom that she and Nate broke up and that she does not know if they will ever get back together. On October 14, Nate surprises Dani with a birthday present. Dani agrees to let Nate stay and watch the DVD he gave her. On October 17, Dani forgives him and agrees to go on a date, making it clear that she wants to take it slow. On December 22, Dani and Nate exchange Christmas presents, and they kiss and officially get back together. On January 10, 2012, Nate visits his brother James after their brother Ford dies.", "Slipknot (comics) Slipknot (Christopher Weiss) is a fictional character, a supervillain, published by DC Comics. Created by Gerry Conway and Rafael Kayanan, the character made his first appearance in \"The Fury of Firestorm\" #28 (October 1984). Slipknot works for a chemical company in the southern United States, where he develops his formula for the durable ropes he would later use as Slipknot. Slipknot's first appearance, when he is hired by the villain Multiplex to attack Lorraine Reilly/Firehawk (\"The Fury of Firestorm\" #28, October 1984), ends with Slipknot in police custody. He returned from time to time as an antagonist of Firestorm. Slipknot comes under the attention of the Suicide Squad. They are a varied team, all serving the government for their own reasons. Many members are criminals, who are promised a reduced sentence if they survive their missions, with Slipknot first joining in \"The Fury of Firestorm\" #64, October 1987. Slipknot is taken along when the threat of the Manhunters arises on Earth during the Millennium crisis. A stronghold of Manhunter robots is discovered deep in American swamplands, not far from the Suicide Squad's own base located in the Belle Reve prison. Slipknot and the Squad, including members such as Bronze Tiger, Rick Flag, and Captain Boomerang, are sent in to escort the \"Baby Huey\" (a car-bomb laced with an experimental high yield explosive) on a search-and-destroy mission. Slipknot discusses the 'arm band bombs' with Captain Boomerang. These deterrent devices are placed on the less trustworthy members and are set to explode if the person goes too far out of range. Captain Boomerang states that he believes the bombs are fake.", "List of Slipknot tribute albums This is a guide to music made in tribute of American heavy metal band Slipknot. The first tribute album produced for the band was released on November 16, 2004. Currently the tribute discography for Slipknot consists of four tribute albums and two tribute songs, by Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery. \"A Tribute To Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on November 16, 2004 by Big Eye Records, and was re-released by Redline Records on June 11, 2007. On August 1, 2008, the album was re-released through Tributized Records with a bonus track, which was a cover of \"Psychosocial\" from Slipknot's fourth album \" All Hope Is Gone\". \"Metal Guitar Tribute to Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on May 9, 2005 by Cherry Red Records. \"The Scorched Earth Orchestra Performs Slipknot\" is an orchestral tribute album by The Scorched Earth Orchestra and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 12, 2008 by Vitamin Records. The label's website enthuses that the Scorched Earth Orchestra \"expand on Slipknot's marching-band-from-hell framework\" with \"booming percussion, in-your-face horns [and] string sections that rip at your flesh\". \"Slipknot Heavy String Tribute\" is an orchestral tribute album by String Tribute Players and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 19, 2008 by Copycats Records. The album is available exclusively as an MP3 download.", "Goodbye (Slipknot song) \"Goodbye\" is the fifth single from the American heavy metal band Slipknot off their fifth studio album \"\". \"Goodbye\" was initially going to be the introductory song for \".5 The Gray Chapter\" but ended up becoming a full track. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Corey Taylor, the lead singer of Slipknot, explained that \"Goodbye\" was a song he had written about the death of Paul Gray, one of Slipknot's members. On the other hand, Slipknot's percussionist Shawn Crahan originally believed that \"Goodbye\" was about Taylor leaving the band. Taylor extended his explanation of the song to multiple magazines by saying that \"Goodbye\" was about the loss of words the band experienced after Gray's death and coming back together after \"one of the darkest days of this band\u2019s career\". In an opinion piece by Slipknot's guitarist Jim Root, Root revealed that his performance in \"Goodbye\" was inspired by Jonny Greenwood's playing style. Root also highlighted that the bass played by Corey Taylor was from the demo version of \"Goodbye\". Although the audio for \"Goodbye\" was released in October 2014, the track was picked by Slipknot as an official single in December 2015. \"Goodbye\" was officially released as a single in January 2016. On one hand, critics praised Corey Taylor for his vocals in \"Goodbye\". Ray Van Horn Jr. of Blabbermouth.net praised Taylor for \"staying largely in soar mode once the heavier masses take over the song\" while Emilee Yaw of New-Transcendence complimented Taylor for establishing an emotional connection with the listener. Alternatively, reviewers criticized Slipknot's music style in \"Goodbye\"."], "answer": {"text": "The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews;", "answer_start": 127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What projects did they work on?", "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the other members work on?", "answer": {"text": "Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits;", "answer_start": 956, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members projects?", "answer": {"text": "Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie.", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that all of their projects?", "answer": {"text": "Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid.", "answer_start": 1125, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#7", "question": "What statements did they make?", "rewrite": "What conflicting statements did members of Slipknot make?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Slipknot (comics) Slipknot (Christopher Weiss) is a fictional character, a supervillain, published by DC Comics. Created by Gerry Conway and Rafael Kayanan, the character made his first appearance in \"The Fury of Firestorm\" #28 (October 1984). Slipknot works for a chemical company in the southern United States, where he develops his formula for the durable ropes he would later use as Slipknot. Slipknot's first appearance, when he is hired by the villain Multiplex to attack Lorraine Reilly/Firehawk (\"The Fury of Firestorm\" #28, October 1984), ends with Slipknot in police custody. He returned from time to time as an antagonist of Firestorm. Slipknot comes under the attention of the Suicide Squad. They are a varied team, all serving the government for their own reasons. Many members are criminals, who are promised a reduced sentence if they survive their missions, with Slipknot first joining in \"The Fury of Firestorm\" #64, October 1987. Slipknot is taken along when the threat of the Manhunters arises on Earth during the Millennium crisis. A stronghold of Manhunter robots is discovered deep in American swamplands, not far from the Suicide Squad's own base located in the Belle Reve prison. Slipknot and the Squad, including members such as Bronze Tiger, Rick Flag, and Captain Boomerang, are sent in to escort the \"Baby Huey\" (a car-bomb laced with an experimental high yield explosive) on a search-and-destroy mission. Slipknot discusses the 'arm band bombs' with Captain Boomerang. These deterrent devices are placed on the less trustworthy members and are set to explode if the person goes too far out of range. Captain Boomerang states that he believes the bombs are fake.", "On June 21, the cause of death was confirmed as an accidental overdose of morphine and synthetic morphine substitute fentanyl. The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews; drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\". Vocalist Taylor told FMQB Productions' he was \"very conflicted about whether or not [he wants] to do anything with Slipknot\". The band released their fourth video album (sic)nesses on September 28, 2010; it debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Music Video Charts. The DVD features Slipknot's entire live performance at the 2009 Download Festival and a 45-minute film documenting their tour in support of All Hope Is Gone, and served as a tribute to Paul Gray.", "On June 21, the cause of death was confirmed as an accidental overdose of morphine and synthetic morphine substitute fentanyl. The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews; drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\". Vocalist Taylor told FMQB Productions' he was \"very conflicted about whether or not [he wants] to do anything with Slipknot\". The band released their fourth video album (sic)nesses on September 28, 2010; it debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Music Video Charts. The DVD features Slipknot's entire live performance at the 2009 Download Festival and a 45-minute film documenting their tour in support of All Hope Is Gone, and served as a tribute to Paul Gray. Regarding the continuation of Slipknot, Taylor told NME Gray would want them to continue and he felt they should but he was ambivalent about returning to the band. Slipknot returned to touring in 2011, performing a small number of shows in Europe. They headlined the Sonisphere Festival and Rock in Rio alongside Iron Maiden and Metallica, and performed at Belgium's Graspop Metal Meeting. Donnie Steele substituted for Gray in the concerts; he was positioned behind Jordison and obscured from the audience's view. Slipknot also said the band would complete and release the band's fifth studio album, and that there were no plans to replace Gray. Jordison said the writing process for the album had already begun and that he had written 17 songs. Slipknot performed at the Mayhem Festival tour of 2012. On May 29, 2012, Roadrunner Records posted a teaser video titled Antennas to Hell on its website.", "List of Slipknot tribute albums This is a guide to music made in tribute of American heavy metal band Slipknot. The first tribute album produced for the band was released on November 16, 2004. Currently the tribute discography for Slipknot consists of four tribute albums and two tribute songs, by Bring Me the Horizon and Periphery. \"A Tribute To Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on November 16, 2004 by Big Eye Records, and was re-released by Redline Records on June 11, 2007. On August 1, 2008, the album was re-released through Tributized Records with a bonus track, which was a cover of \"Psychosocial\" from Slipknot's fourth album \" All Hope Is Gone\". \"Metal Guitar Tribute to Slipknot\" is a tribute album by various artists and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on May 9, 2005 by Cherry Red Records. \"The Scorched Earth Orchestra Performs Slipknot\" is an orchestral tribute album by The Scorched Earth Orchestra and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 12, 2008 by Vitamin Records. The label's website enthuses that the Scorched Earth Orchestra \"expand on Slipknot's marching-band-from-hell framework\" with \"booming percussion, in-your-face horns [and] string sections that rip at your flesh\". \"Slipknot Heavy String Tribute\" is an orchestral tribute album by String Tribute Players and includes covers of tracks from Slipknot's first three studio albums. It was released on August 19, 2008 by Copycats Records. The album is available exclusively as an MP3 download.", "Minister of Health v New Clicks: in re Application for Declaratory Relief  Minister of Health & another v New Clicks SA (Pty) Ltd & others: in re Application for Declaratory Relief is an important case in South African law, with significance especially in the areas of civil procedure and constitutional law. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) had set aside regulations relating to a transparent pricing system for medicines and scheduled substances. The Minister of Health sought leave to appeal against that decision to the Constitutional Court. As a result of the application, both parties published conflicting statements about its effect. Members of the Department of Health made various remarks in the media to the effect that the filing of the application for leave to appeal had the effect of suspending the order of the SCA. Furthermore, the regulations were valid; stakeholders were expected to comply with them. Representatives of the pharmaceutical industry, the respondents, retaliated with a press statement to the effect that the mere lodging of an application for leave to appeal does not suspend the order of the SCA. As a result of the conflicting statements, the Minister launched this application for declaratory relief to the effect that the SCA order had been automatically suspended by the application for leave to appeal. Together with their answering affidavit the respondents lodged a conditional counter-application. The thrust of their opposition was that the question of declaratory relief was not incidental to the main relief sought (that is, leave to appeal), and that the application should properly be considered as direct access. The court held that the application was in substance an application for direct access. The court had stressed on more than one occasion that applications for direct access should be granted only in exceptional circumstances. In effect the Minister was asking for an order to suspend the declaration of invalidity."], "answer": {"text": "drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\".", "answer_start": 242}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What projects did they work on?", "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the other members work on?", "answer": {"text": "Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits;", "answer_start": 956, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members projects?", "answer": {"text": "Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie.", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that all of their projects?", "answer": {"text": "Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid.", "answer_start": 1125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So the band never got back together?", "answer": {"text": "The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews;", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#8", "question": "What statements were made from other members that conflicted with that?", "rewrite": "What statements made from other members conflicted with Jordison's \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\"?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Taylor felt the writing process had some problems, but also noted that the creation of every Slipknot album has had conflict and that the band has come to embrace it after realizing that the conflict helps to bring out their creativity. Taylor and guitarist Jim Root paired up with Sid Wilson, performing on keyboards, and percussionist Shawn Crahan to work on \"oblique, arty pieces\". Taylor also experimented with tracking in an old well, stating, \"There was this natural reverb to it that was just intense.\" According to Crahan none of the experimental tracks made it onto the album. However, one of them, \"Til We Die\", appears as a bonus track on the album's special edition along with \"Child of Burning Time\" and the similarly experimental Bloodstone mix of \"Vermillion Pt. 2\". The track \"Sulfur\" was the first combined effort of Jordison and Root, who wrote the song in one evening. Many of the band members have expressed their dissatisfaction with \"All Hope Is Gone\" and is considered to be their least favorite Slipknot album. Feeling discontent over the record's production process, Root said, \"it felt a little bit rushed. And it felt like we were trying to do things just to appease a schedule, which I didn't really like. \" Root was particularly disappointed with the record's producer, Dave Fortman, and said, \"Dave Fortman really helped me appreciate Rick Rubin as a producer. [Fortman] wasn't able to get nine people together on the same page and, to me, that's the most important thing in making a Slipknot record. \" Conversely, Jordison said, \"It's finally the record that I've wanted Slipknot to sound like.\"", "On June 21, the cause of death was confirmed as an accidental overdose of morphine and synthetic morphine substitute fentanyl. The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews; drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\". Vocalist Taylor told FMQB Productions' he was \"very conflicted about whether or not [he wants] to do anything with Slipknot\". The band released their fourth video album (sic)nesses on September 28, 2010; it debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Music Video Charts. The DVD features Slipknot's entire live performance at the 2009 Download Festival and a 45-minute film documenting their tour in support of All Hope Is Gone, and served as a tribute to Paul Gray. Regarding the continuation of Slipknot, Taylor told NME Gray would want them to continue and he felt they should but he was ambivalent about returning to the band. Slipknot returned to touring in 2011, performing a small number of shows in Europe. They headlined the Sonisphere Festival and Rock in Rio alongside Iron Maiden and Metallica, and performed at Belgium's Graspop Metal Meeting. Donnie Steele substituted for Gray in the concerts; he was positioned behind Jordison and obscured from the audience's view. Slipknot also said the band would complete and release the band's fifth studio album, and that there were no plans to replace Gray. Jordison said the writing process for the album had already begun and that he had written 17 songs. Slipknot performed at the Mayhem Festival tour of 2012. On May 29, 2012, Roadrunner Records posted a teaser video titled Antennas to Hell on its website.", "When reviewing the show at Burgettstown, Pennsylvania, Justin Jacobs said Slipknot \"[delivered] the pummeling performance the whole crowd had been waiting for\", while noting that part of Slipknot's appeal was their secrecy, referring to the band's use of masks and aliases and the fact that a curtain was used to hide the stage while it was set up. At the end of the 2008 Mayhem Festival, drummer Joey Jordison broke his ankle. During an interview with \"Drummer\", Jordison explained that the injury happened when he and a friend were \"messing around and kinda wrestling with each other\" one afternoon, and Jordison tripped and twisted his ankle. Despite the injury, Jordison could still walk and subsequently played the next night. However, during a lengthy double bass section of \"The Blister Exists\" he \"felt a snap\" in his ankle. A doctor confirmed he had broken his ankle and suggested surgery. Jordison continued to play with a broken ankle until the band finished the Mayhem Festival. Following the festival Jordison was told that if he continued to play, he could suffer permanent damage that could affect his ability to walk. Subsequently, Slipknot were forced to cancel their European festival appearances due to the injury. On August 22, at Leeds Festival during the Dropkick Murphys performance, a plane flew above the open air crowd advertising tickets for Slipknot's UK dates in December. Unhappy with the fact that the band had pulled out of the festival, the crowd began to boo at the banner advert. During an interview prior to the Japanese leg of the tour, percussionist Shawn Crahan discussed the difference between Japanese audiences and Western audiences.", "On November 28, 1995, Mark Anthony Cadavos approached Jordison while he was working, offering him a position in a new project called The Pale Ones. Intrigued and at a point where he was \"lost\", Jordison attended rehearsals at Anders Colsefini's basement and immediately wanted to be part of this new band. Speaking of this moment he said, \"I remember trying so hard not to smile, so I didn't look like I wanted to join, I remained poker-faced, but I thought they ruled.\" A lot of Slipknot's early development was discussed by band members while Jordison worked night shifts at Sinclair's garage. Of the eventual nine members, Joey was the third to join the band. Slipknot would become pioneers to the New Wave of American Heavy Metal. Jordison is accompanied by two custom percussionists, giving their music a feel that Rolling Stone touted as \"suffocating\". Each member of Slipknot is assigned a number; Joey was assigned \"#1\" because drums are recorded first. Joey has produced one album with Slipknot: 2005 live album 9.0: Live. In August 2008, Jordison broke his ankle and Slipknot had to cancel some of its English tour dates. On August 22, 2009, Jordison was taken to the emergency room for a burst appendix, less than an hour before he was to take the stage for Auburn, Washington's KISW Pain in the Grass concert. As a result, Slipknot canceled following shows in August and September, to give Jordison time to recover. On December 12, 2013, Slipknot announced through their official website that Jordison had left the band, citing personal reasons for his departure.", "On June 21, the cause of death was confirmed as an accidental overdose of morphine and synthetic morphine substitute fentanyl. The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews; drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\". Vocalist Taylor told FMQB Productions' he was \"very conflicted about whether or not [he wants] to do anything with Slipknot\". The band released their fourth video album (sic)nesses on September 28, 2010; it debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Music Video Charts. The DVD features Slipknot's entire live performance at the 2009 Download Festival and a 45-minute film documenting their tour in support of All Hope Is Gone, and served as a tribute to Paul Gray."], "answer": {"text": "Vocalist Taylor told FMQB Productions' he was \"very conflicted about whether or not [he wants] to do anything with Slipknot\".", "answer_start": 347}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What projects did they work on?", "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the other members work on?", "answer": {"text": "Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits;", "answer_start": 956, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members projects?", "answer": {"text": "Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie.", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that all of their projects?", "answer": {"text": "Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid.", "answer_start": 1125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So the band never got back together?", "answer": {"text": "The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews;", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What statements did they make?", "answer": {"text": "drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\".", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3d589dc2a3e343bfb7052d672e10f5fc_0_q#9", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the all different projects members of Slipknot are working on and doubts about the band getting back together are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As of 2019, \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" remains the only country song to top the Billboard Hot 100 in the 2010's decade. \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" entered at number twenty-five on \"Billboard\" Radio Songs, the highest debut rank for a song by a female country act in the airplay tally's 21-year history. The single entered the top ten at number ten on its fourth week, became Swift's fourth top ten hit on \"Billboard\" Radio Songs. It reached its peak at number three on the week-ending October 3, 2012 and stayed there for three non-consecutive weeks. On \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs, it debuted at number thirteen on the week-ending September 1, 2012, thus tied the record for the second highest chart debut on that chart with \"Feel Like a Rock Star\" by Kenny Chesney and Tim McGraw.\" On October 11, 2012, \"Billboard\" implemented a new policy for the Hot Country Songs where digital download sales and streaming data were factored into the 50-position rankings, along with existing radio airplay data monitored by Nielsen BDS. As a result of this methodology change, \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" jumped from number twenty-one to one on \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs and became Swift's seventh song to top the chart. In doing so, \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" became the first song to top both the country and Hot 100 charts since Lonestar's \"Amazed\" in March 2000.", "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\", \"Begin Again\", \" I Knew You Were Trouble\", and \"Red\". The album's supporting world tour ran from March 2013 to June 2014 and grossed over $150 million. On August 13, 2012, Swift gave a live webchat to over 72,500 viewers, in which she answered fan questions, previewed the lead single, \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\", and announced her fourth album's title as \"Red\", as well as its release date. Swift also revealed the meaning behind her album's title: During the live webchat, she also revealed that she wrote more than 30 songs for the album, of which 16 were released, and said that much of her inspiration came from dysfunctional relationships. Contrary to her previous self-written album \"Speak Now\" (2010), Swift enlisted the help of several of her favorite songwriters. In an interview with MTV News, the singer revealed that the album \"is interesting because each song stands on its own. It's this patchwork quilt of different sounds and different emotions, and I don't think anything on the record sounds like We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\". She also previewed songs from the album on \"Good Morning America\" every Monday, beginning on September 24 until October 15. Swift performed on October 22 for the album's release, and the next day, she performed a live concert on the same show. According to the singer she had spent over two years with the recording process, writing and preparation for the album. Sarah Barlow shot the album's cover, which shows Swift's face, particularly her red lipstick. \" Pitchfork\" remarked that it resembled the cover of Joni Mitchell's 1971 album \"Blue\".", "JM Eagle JM Eagle is an American corporation and the world\u2019s largest manufacturer of plastic pipe. At its 22 plants in North America, the company manufactures polyvinyl chloride and high-density polyethylene pipe for a variety of industries including utility, plumbing, electrical, natural gas, irrigation, potable water, drainage and sewage. JM Eagle employs more than 1,000 people at its corporate office and in its 20 plants located in 15 states and Mexico. JM Eagle is the World's Largest Plastic and PVC Pipe Manufacturer In 1982, Formosa Plastics purchased the eight plants comprising the plastic-pipe operations of Johns Manville to form J-M Manufacturing, headquartered in Livingston, N.J. In November 2005, Walter Wang acquired 100 percent of the company from Formosa Plastics. J-M Manufacturing grew to a 14-plant enterprise by 2007, when it acquired the second largest plastic-pipe manufacturer, PW Eagle. The company relocated its headquarters to Los Angeles in 2008. JM Eagle offers full range of common product lines, as well as specialty and unique pipe products. Today, donated JM Eagle pipe - 400 miles - is carrying clean water to nearly 200,000 people in eight countries in the Sub-Saharan region. Thanks to JM Eagle\u2019s financial and product donations in Thailand, the villages of Santisuk and Pateung have received irrigation and clean drinking water. And JM Eagle\u2019s donation of 45,600 feet of PVC pipe to construct an 8.5-mile pipeline now brings clean water to the people of Santa Cruz, Honduras.", "Their last show prior to the hiatus was played on May 6 at The Bamboozle festival in New Jersey. In May 2009, Kumer posted on his Twitter that he and Enders were going to discuss getting the band back together. One week later, Enders addressed the rumors, stating, \"it seems like most of you understand now that Jeff's comment last week about the band getting back together wasn't true, but the responses I've seen got me thinking\". It was rumored that Enders and Anello were planning to play songs from The Early November on their band I Can Make a Mess Like Nobody's Business' tour in summer 2009, which subsequently turned out to be true. On June 22, 2011, Ace Enders and Jeff Kummer both announced that The Early November would be performing a concert at The Electric Factory in Philadelphia, PA on September 10. This was their first show together in 4 years and had sold out. Additionally, they added a concert at the Starland Ballroom on November 26. It was confirmed at this show that they were in the recording process of a new album at Enders' recording studio, The Living Room. Two days later, it was announced that they had signed with Rise Records and would be releasing their first album in over six years sometime in Spring 2012. It was then announced on their website that the new album, titled \"In Currents\" was scheduled to be released on July 10th, 2012. They performed at the South by So What Festival on March 12, 2012 and the Never Say Never music festival in south Texas March 13th. On April 26, they announced that they would be releasing a rough mix of one of the songs from their upcoming album. The song, entitled \"Close To You\", was made available the following day on their website.", "Cog played what many had believed to be their last show at The Tivoli in Brisbane on Saturday 12 June 2010, thanking their various crew members one by one between songs. The band finished with \"No Other Way\", the opening track from their second album, \"Sharing Space\". However, the band played four more shows - one at the Full Noise Festival in Townsville, one at a Sydney nightclub, and two smaller shows in the outer Melbourne suburbs of Frankston and Ferntree Gully. Their Sydney show on 22 December 2010 was Cog's last show as a band, though they would reform six years later. Lucius Borich soon joined Floating Me, a band featuring ex-members of Scary Mother and Jon Stockman of Karnivool. Floating Me released their debut self-titled album in 2011.Flynn and Luke Gower went on to form The Occupants in 2012. Their first single, \"I've Been Thinking,\" was released in April 2013. It was followed by an EP in 2014. In late January 2016, the official Cog Facebook page was updated for the first time in nearly three years with new photos. In the weeks that followed, the band put up entire photo albums of previously-unseen photos taken on tours from over the years. This subsequently lead to speculation regarding the band getting back together. The following month, it was confirmed that Cog would reunite for a run of headlining shows in July 2016. Throughout 2017, Cog have been working on new material, posting regular updates to the band\u2019s Instagram account of the album\u2019s progress. The band new single \"The Middle\" was released in 2018. It was the band\u2019s first new music in ten years. They have since released 2 more singles titled \"Altered States\" and \"Drawn Together\" the latter being the focus of the upcoming 2019 \"Drawn Together Tour\""], "answer": {"text": "The band released their fourth video album (sic)nesses on September 28, 2010; it debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Music Video Charts.", "answer_start": 473}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Slipknot's third hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "October 31, 2009, resulting in Slipknot's third hiatus.", "answer_start": 738, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they take this hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "several band members focused on respective side projects;", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What projects did they work on?", "answer": {"text": "Taylor founded Junk Beer Kidnap Band and returned to Stone Sour with guitarist Root;", "answer_start": 871, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the other members work on?", "answer": {"text": "Crahan continued working with his band Dirty Little Rabbits;", "answer_start": 956, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members projects?", "answer": {"text": "Jordison returned with his band Murderdolls and became the new permanent drummer of Rob Zombie.", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was that all of their projects?", "answer": {"text": "Percussionist Fehn is now a full-time bassist with metalcore band Will Haven and Sid Wilson founded the eponymous band Sid.", "answer_start": 1125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "So the band never got back together?", "answer": {"text": "The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot. The members made conflicting statements in interviews;", "answer_start": 127, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What statements did they make?", "answer": {"text": "drummer Jordison told The Pulse of Radio \"there is another Slipknot record already kinda in the making\".", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What statements were made from other members that conflicted with that?", "answer": {"text": "Vocalist Taylor told FMQB Productions' he was \"very conflicted about whether or not [he wants] to do anything with Slipknot\".", "answer_start": 347, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#0", "question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "rewrite": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:", "Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin.", "Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston."], "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#1", "question": "Who raised the child?", "rewrite": "Who raised Patricia Lake?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin.", "Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#2", "question": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "rewrite": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin.", "Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "Lake said Hearst confirmed that he was her father on her wedding day at age 17 where both Davies and Hearst gave her away.", "answer_start": 1497}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who raised the child?", "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#3", "question": "Where was Patricia Lake educated?", "rewrite": "Where was Patricia Lake educated?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston.", "Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who raised the child?", "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "answer": {"text": "Lake said Hearst confirmed that he was her father on her wedding day at age 17 where both Davies and Hearst gave her away.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#4", "question": "interesting facts about Patricia Lake?", "rewrite": "Are there any interesting facts about Patricia Lake?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:", "Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston.", "Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin."], "answer": {"text": "Lake told her friends and family that Davies became pregnant by Hearst in the early 1920s.", "answer_start": 728}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who raised the child?", "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "answer": {"text": "Lake said Hearst confirmed that he was her father on her wedding day at age 17 where both Davies and Hearst gave her away.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Patricia Lake educated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#5", "question": "When was she born?", "rewrite": "When was Patricia Lake born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:", "Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin."], "answer": {"text": "between 1920 and 1923 (she was unsure of the precise date).", "answer_start": 1103}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who raised the child?", "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "answer": {"text": "Lake said Hearst confirmed that he was her father on her wedding day at age 17 where both Davies and Hearst gave her away.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Patricia Lake educated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "interesting facts about Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Lake told her friends and family that Davies became pregnant by Hearst in the early 1920s.", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#6", "question": "Is she still living?", "rewrite": "Is Patricia Lake still living?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston.", "Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:", "Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin."], "answer": {"text": "October 3, 1993, Lake died of complications from lung cancer in Indian Wells, California.", "answer_start": 235}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who raised the child?", "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "answer": {"text": "Lake said Hearst confirmed that he was her father on her wedding day at age 17 where both Davies and Hearst gave her away.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Patricia Lake educated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "interesting facts about Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Lake told her friends and family that Davies became pregnant by Hearst in the early 1920s.", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was she born?", "answer": {"text": "between 1920 and 1923 (she was unsure of the precise date).", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#7", "question": "Did Lake have children?", "rewrite": "Did Patricia Lake have children?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Patricia Lake Patricia Van Cleeve Lake (between 1919 and 1923 \u2013 October 3, 1993), known as Patricia Lake, was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Presented as the niece of actress Marion Davies, she was long suspected of being her natural daughter, fathered by publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst. Lake acknowledged this relationship shortly before she died. She was born in a hospital outside Paris, France. Her date of birth is not known; according to her \"Los Angeles Times\" obituary, \"The year was sometime between 1920 and 1923; Lake never knew exactly.\" The Social Security Death Index states she was born June 8, 1919. In the 1920s, there was speculation that Lake was the child of Hearst and Davies, who had carried on a public affair since 1919. Hearst never divorced from his wife, Millicent Willson, whom he married in 1903, but the couple maintained separate lives. Many reference books say that Lake's parents were Marion Davies' sister Rose and her first husband, George Van Cleeve. The Lake family asserted that the newborn was given to Davies' sister, whose own child had died in infancy. The dead child's birth certificate was reportedly altered to support the deception. CBS News reported that Hearst acknowledged to Lake on her wedding day that he was her father. According to \"Magazine Americana\", published by The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture, after Rose and George Van Cleve had separated, he kidnapped Patricia in 1924 and went into hiding. Hearst's detectives located the pair after five years and the girl was returned to Rose's custody. She was returned to Van Cleve's custody after a court decision. Patricia attended Lawlor Professional School in Hollywood. The Lake family asserts that when Patricia lived with the Van Cleves, Hearst paid the bills and arranged for her education at schools in New York and Boston.", "Patricia Lake (Alberta) Patricia Lake is a lake in Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada, near the town of Jasper. It was named for Princess Patricia of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. It is connected by Pyramid Lake road and hiking trails to the town of Jasper, as well as other tourist sites such as Pyramid Lake and Pyramid Mountain. Patricia Lake is notable for its involvement during World War II with Project Habbakuk, a plan to build an unsinkable aircraft carrier from an ice-based composite material termed \"Pykrete\". Initial studies of natural lake ice had been carried out at Lake Louise. In January 1943, Patricia Lake was chosen as the test site for building a prototype vessel. The planned vessel was to be long and the prototype was to be a 1:10 scale model of this. In fact, the beam was to approximately this scale, but the length was only 60 feet, about a third of scale. Patricia Lake was chosen for this work on account of having rail connections at Jasper and being a suitably cold, remote area that already had military training involvement in the area as camouflage. There were also Mennonite and Doukhobor communities nearby, religious conscientious objectors, who could provide the labour needed. Pykrete construction material for the full-sized ship was to be a composite of ice and sawdust, maintained by refrigeration. The first experiments had used natural lake ice, in a Canadian winter. The model ship was to use plain ice, but partly natural and partly refrigerated. Construction proceeded through March 1943 by building a wooden cabin on the frozen lake, installing refrigeration equipment and a nest of 6 inch cold air ducts, and then increasing the height of the ice wall around the cabin.", "Patricia Lake (Wisconsin) Patricia Lake is a 32-acre, spring-fed seepage lake close to the town of Minocqua, Oneida County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located on the border between Oneida and Vilas counties, just south of Wisconsin Highway 70 and northwest of Kawaguesaga Lake. The lake has no public access and boats with gasoline engines are prohibited. It has a maximum depth of 23 feet, and bluegill, northern pike and largemouth bass can be caught. There is a small residential development on the northwest shore of the lake, and houses on the north and the eastern sides. Norwood Pines supper club serves food on a screened deck over the lake. On the southwest shore lies Patricia Lake Campground & RV Park. Pine Hill Resort lies to the southeast of the lake, on the shores of the adjacent Kawaguesaga Lake.", "Patricia Lake (disambiguation)  Patricia Lake (1923\u20131993) was an American socialite, actress, and radio comedian. Patricia Lake may also refer to:", "Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake."], "answer": {"text": "before her death, Lake requested that her son publicly announce", "answer_start": 335}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who raised the child?", "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "answer": {"text": "Lake said Hearst confirmed that he was her father on her wedding day at age 17 where both Davies and Hearst gave her away.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Patricia Lake educated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "interesting facts about Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Lake told her friends and family that Davies became pregnant by Hearst in the early 1920s.", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was she born?", "answer": {"text": "between 1920 and 1923 (she was unsure of the precise date).", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is she still living?", "answer": {"text": "October 3, 1993, Lake died of complications from lung cancer in Indian Wells, California.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a08b4a32306c40c7b8cdb33a035e8a15_0_q#8", "question": "Who did Lake marry?", "rewrite": "Who did Patrica Lake marry?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tessolve Tessolve is a multinational semiconductor engineering solution provider based in Bangalore, India. The company offers engineering expertise in the areas of Semiconductor IC Design, Test & Product Engineering, PCB design, Failure Analysis and Systems design. It was started in the year 2004, and is headquartered in the city of Bangalore. The company seems to have evolved from scratch to a multimillion-dollar company in a span of 10\u201311 years. In April 2016, Hero Electronix, an electronics arm of Hero MotoCorp invested a major stake in Tessolve Semiconductor. The investment was a phased acquisition of majority stake. Tessolve Semiconductor was formed in 2004. The company provide Test & Product engineering Solutions & services from simple Logic ICs, high-speed digital, RF, Analog, PMIC, Mixed-signal, MCU/MPU, MEMS, Image Sensors, Memory to complex devices like ASIC/ASSP, SoC / SiP devices that go into Automotive, IoT, Wearable, Wireless, Computing, Network / Fiber optics,2.5D / 3D space and other consumer markets. TOTUS is a generic application tool that acts as Bridge to Interface various bench instrumentation with ATE / PC\u2019s using high level programming instructions and with Interactive GUI. The product development division of Tessolve introduces Automatic meter reading device SAMRAT MCON-GWZ 01-01 which uses the all latest available technologies as transmission medium.- GSM / GPRS / PSDN / CDMA / WI-FI / PLCC / INTERNET. This instrument meets the various requirements of power sectors including real-time monitoring,billing and effective power management. Tessolve has over 1500 employees with offices in", "Patrica Patrica is an ancient hill-top \"comune\" (municipality) in the Province of Frosinone in the Italian region Lazio, located about southeast of Rome and about southwest of Frosinone. It is part of Ciociaria, not far from the Monti Lepini. It borders Ceccano, Frosinone, Giuliano di Roma, and Supino; and overlooks the Sacco and Liri valleys. The origins of the town are not well-known. The Romans called it \"Patricum\". Their presence is attested by aqueduct ruins in the area. Numerous patrician villas which were located below the town. During the 20th century, many residents emigrated from Patrica to Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, in the United States, to work in the steel mills. The Italian community there continues to celebrate each August the Feast of San Rocco, patron saint of Patrica. Mount \"Cacume\" (derived from the Latin \"cacumen\" for top, or peak), is mentioned in Canto IV of Dante\u2019s \u2019\u2019 Purgatory\u2019\u2019: \"Mondazi in Bismantova e iu Cacume\", and lies just southwest of the town. In 1903, a high, cross was erected on the top of the mountain.", "At some point, he married a woman named Josephine, and settled back on the farm. Within the first few years of their marriage, he descended into alcoholism; however, he managed to give up the habit once Maggie was born. When Maggie was older, Josephine died, and Hershel eventually married another woman named Annette (who had a son of her own from a previous marriage named Shawn) and had a daughter with her whom they named Beth. At some point during Maggie's childhood he employed Otis and Patrica as farmhands. Sometime after the apocalypse began, he lost Annette and Shawn to the hordes of zombies. He and the rest of his group remained unaware of the reality of the outside world and strongly believed that there could be a cure. As a result of this mistaken belief, Hershel kept a large group of walkers, mostly family and friends, locked in a nearby barn. Hershel subsequently barricaded his family and surviving friends, consisting of Maggie, Beth, Otis, Patrica and Beth's boyfriend Jimmy within the house. In the episode \"Bloodletting\", after Otis accidentally shoots Carl, Hershel treats the boy as best he can with the limited amount of equipment, but he will need to perform surgery, so Shane and Otis go to get more equipment. In the episode \"Save the Last One\", Shane arrives with the supplies, but reveals that Otis has died; miraculously, Hershel is able to save Carl's life. In the episode \"Cherokee Rose\", Hershel helps organize the group's search for Carol's missing daughter, Sophia. When the survivors settle down at the farm as Carl recovers, Hershel is watchful of their influence - particularly towards Shane's aggressive behavior and the group's hostile view of the walkers.", "Rosemary Davies Rosemary Davies (June 8, 1895 \u2013 September 20, 1963) was an American actress. Born Rose Douras in Brooklyn, New York , she was the sister of the actresses Marion Davies and Reine Davies but did not reach the same fame as her two sisters. However, her name was mentioned in different circles briefly when she was said to be the mother of Patricia Lake by her first husband, George Van Cleeve. After the death of Patricia Lake, Lake's family announced that Lake was in fact the daughter of Marion Davies and William Randolph Hearst, born secretly during a trip abroad in 1923. Davies married Louis Adlon who was an American, German-born motion picture actor. He died 31 March 1947. She died in 1963 in Bel Air, California. She is buried beside her sister Marion in the Douras mausoleum along with Marion's husband Horace Brown, as well as with Patrica Lake and her husband, actor Arthur Lake.", "Mighty Switch Force! 2 Mighty Switch Force! 2 is a puzzle platformer developed and published by WayForward Technologies for the Nintendo 3DS. It is the fourth game in WayForward's \"Mighty\" series and the sequel to 2011's \"Mighty Switch Force!\". The game was released on the Nintendo eShop on June 13, 2013 in North America and in the PAL regions on June 27, 2013. The game was later released for the Wii U in October 2013. A puzzle game using similar elements and assets, \"Mighty Switch Force! Hose It Down!\" , was released for iOS on February 12, 2015 and for Microsoft Windows on June 4, 2015. The \"Galactic Fire Brigade\" has issued a code red: Plant Land is spontaneously combusting and everything is catching ablaze. Patrica Wagon must help as a \"cybernetic firefighter\", using the issued Infinity Dousing Apparatus, and rescue the Hooligan Sisters, who have been reformed since their capture, and are stuck in the infernos. At the same time, HQ has picked up cries of a distressed infant dubbed the \"Ugly Secret Baby\", or, \"U.S.B\". The \"Rapid Sparkle Transmission System\" usually used to extrapolate people was made for use on adults, so Patrica must find an alternative transport means (she achieves this by kicking the babies off screen, in-game). Gameplay follows a similar premise to the previous game in which players assume the role of Patricia Wagon, who is now a firefighter that must rescue the Hooligan Sisters of the last game from blazing fires. Like the previous game, players are tasked with using Patricia's ability to push blocks in and out of the foreground in order to rescue the Hooligan Sisters and reach the extraction point as quickly as possible."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Since the early 1920s, there has been speculation that Davies and Hearst had a child together some time between 1920 and 1923. The child was rumored to be Patricia Lake", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who raised the child?", "answer": {"text": "passed off as Rose and her husband George Van Cleve's daughter.", "answer_start": 1248, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Patricia Lake marry?", "answer": {"text": "Lake said Hearst confirmed that he was her father on her wedding day at age 17 where both Davies and Hearst gave her away.", "answer_start": 1497, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Patricia Lake educated?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "interesting facts about Patricia Lake?", "answer": {"text": "Lake told her friends and family that Davies became pregnant by Hearst in the early 1920s.", "answer_start": 728, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was she born?", "answer": {"text": "between 1920 and 1923 (she was unsure of the precise date).", "answer_start": 1103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is she still living?", "answer": {"text": "October 3, 1993, Lake died of complications from lung cancer in Indian Wells, California.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Lake have children?", "answer": {"text": "before her death, Lake requested that her son publicly announce", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_157fd50686264ff580ec42725fedb525_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "rewrite": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of awards and nominations received by Sheryl Crow Sheryl Crow is an American singer-songwriter. She has released nine studio albums: \"Tuesday Night Music Club\" (1993) , \"Sheryl Crow\" (1996), \"The Globe Sessions\" (1998), \"C'mon C'mon\" (2002), \"Wildflower\" (2005), \"Detours\" (2008), \"Home for Christmas\" (2008), \"100 Miles from Memphis\" (2010) and \"Feels Like Home\" (2013). Her compilation and specialty albums include \"\" (1999), \"The Very Best of Sheryl Crow\" (2003), \"Live at Budokan\" (2003), \"iTunes Originals \u2013 Sheryl Crow\" (2006) and \"Hits & Rarities\" (2007). All of her albums were released through A&M Records, with the exception of \"C'mon C'mon\" and \"Feels Like Home\", which were released through Interscope Records and Warner Bros., respectively. All of Crow's studio albums have reached Top 10 positions on the \"Billboard\" 200, three of which reached peak positions of #2 (\"C'mon, C'mon\", \"Wildflower\", and \"Detours\"). Crow's singles that have charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 include \"Leaving Las Vegas\", \" All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", \"Can't Cry Anymore\", \" If It Makes You Happy\", \"Everyday Is a Winding Road\", \"My Favorite Mistake\", \"Anything but Down\", \"Soak Up the Sun\", \"Steve McQueen\", \"The First Cut Is the Deepest\",", "Sheryl Crow (album) Sheryl Crow is the second studio album by American singer Sheryl Crow, released on September 24, 1996 by A&M Records. Unlike its predecessor \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a casual collective formed by Crow and several other musicians, \"Sheryl Crow\" was entirely produced by Crow, who wrote most of the songs alone or with only one collaborator. Most of the album was recorded at Kingsway Studios in New Orleans, Louisiana. The album covers topics of American life, relationship breakups, and moral and ethical issues, while encompassing a variety of music genres such as rock, blues, alternative rock, country, and folk. \"Sheryl Crow\" was a commercial success, being certified 3\u00d7 platinum by the RIAA and 3\u00d7 platinum by the BPI. It also reached No. 6 on the US \"Billboard\" Top 200 chart and produced five singles, including the international hit \" If It Makes You Happy\". The album received very positive reviews from critics, who praised its intricate production and Crow's louder and more assured singing. At the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, the album was awarded Best Rock Album and Crow received the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance award for \"If It Makes You Happy\". Retrospectively, it is often regarded as Crow's best album. \"Sheryl Crow\" is the follow-up to Sheryl Crow's 1993 album \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a group of musicians known as the \"Tuesday Music Club\". The group existed as a casual collective formed by Crow and musicians Bill Bottrell, David Baerwald, Kevin Gilbert, Brian MacLeod, David Ricketts, and Dan Schwartz. The album was a commercial success and produced several hit singles, including \"All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", and \"Leaving Las Vegas\".", "In January 2016, Trott signed a publishing and catalogue purchase agreement with the world's fasting growing independent rights management company, ole. The BMI Awards are annual award ceremonies for songwriters in various genres organized by Broadcast Music, Inc.. The main pop music award was founded in 1952. The 63rd Annual BMI Pop Awards were held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, on May 13, 2015. The Daytime Emmy Awards are awards presented by the New York\u2013based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Los Angeles\u2013based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming. Jeff Trott and Sheryl Crow have received one nomination in the category \"Outstanding Original Song\". Sheryl Crow- 'Sheryl Crow' (album) Sheryl Crow- ' The Globe Sessions' Sheryl Crow- 'C'mon C'mon' Sheryl Crow- \"Wildflower\" Sheryl Crow- \"Detours\" Sheryl Crow- \" Feels Like Home \"  Counting Crows- \"Hard Candy\" Marc Broussard \u2013 \"Carencro\"  Augustana \u2013 \"Augustana\" Joe Cocker \u2013 \" Fire It Up\"", "Picture (song) \"Picture\" is a duet written by American music artists Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow, released on November 12, 2002 as the fourth single and ninth track from Kid Rock's 2001 album \"Cocky\". The original recording on the album is performed by Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow. Rock re-recorded the song for the radio with alternative country singer Allison Moorer because Atlantic was initially unable to get the rights from Crow's label to release the album version as a single. When the Moorer version was released, some radio stations began playing the Crow version instead, leading \"Billboard\" to credit the song variously to Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. The song was a commercial and critical success and was nominated for Vocal Event of The Year at the 2003 Country Music Association awards. Kid Rock's label, Atlantic Records, was unable to obtain permission from Crow's label, A&M Records, to release the original version as a single. Therefore, Atlantic Records decided to rework the song with country singer Allison Moorer (coincidentally signed to A&M's sister label Universal South Records) instead. Moorer re-recorded Crow\u2019s vocals for the commercial release. Even though Atlantic Records was unable to obtain rights to release Crow's version as a single, mainstream, rock/alternative, and some country radio stations disregarded this and played the original version featuring Crow, while other country music radio stations played the radio edit featuring Allison Moorer instead. Because of this, \"Billboard\" credited the song on the charts as Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. Each version of the song features a different guitar solo. The song is performed in the key of G major in common time with a tempo of 98 beats per minute. The verses of the song follow a chord progression of G\u2013C\u2013D\u2013C.", "During the next five years, Crow and her band would sojourn from \"all in the van\" tours of local establishments to a string of world tours in which they opened for performers such as Bob Dylan, The Rolling Stones, The Eagles, Plant & Page, and Elton John. In 1996, Wolfe co-wrote with Sheryl Crow \"Hard to Make a Stand,\" which appeared on Crow's eponymously titled second album, Sheryl Crow. In 1995, while a member of Crow's band, Wolfe put together a band which signed with A & M Records. The band, Mojoson, included Wolfe as the lead guitarist, Scott Bryan\u2014a fellow member of Crow's band\u2014on guitar, keyboards and lead vocals, bassist Eric Massimino and drummer Michael Lawrence, who also played for Sun 60. Over a three-year period, the band recorded two studio albums. However, A&M underwent a transition of ownership before the albums were released. Consequently, the label's \"takeover\" albums went unissued, Mojoson's contract was dissolved, and the band was disbanded. In 1998, Wolfe left Sheryl Crow's band so that he could focus on a new project. He formed a new band with a varying lineup of players including two former members of Mojoson\u2014Eric Massimino and Michael Lawrence\u2014 as well as Rich Pagano, Dave Hollingsworth, and others. Currently, Wolfe's band features drummer Roger Voss and bassist Justine Gardner who replaced Massimino, Lawrence and Suavek Zaniesienko. This lineup recorded Wolfe's sixth (studio) release since leaving Sheryl's band, \"Stripped Down at The Bang Palace\". Wolfe and his band have kept busy with six album releases and over a dozen European tours to Europe in the last ten years."], "answer": {"text": "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_157fd50686264ff580ec42725fedb525_1_q#1", "question": "who did she have an affair with?", "rewrite": "who did Sheryl Crow have an affair with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Picture (song) \"Picture\" is a duet written by American music artists Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow, released on November 12, 2002 as the fourth single and ninth track from Kid Rock's 2001 album \"Cocky\". The original recording on the album is performed by Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow. Rock re-recorded the song for the radio with alternative country singer Allison Moorer because Atlantic was initially unable to get the rights from Crow's label to release the album version as a single. When the Moorer version was released, some radio stations began playing the Crow version instead, leading \"Billboard\" to credit the song variously to Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. The song was a commercial and critical success and was nominated for Vocal Event of The Year at the 2003 Country Music Association awards. Kid Rock's label, Atlantic Records, was unable to obtain permission from Crow's label, A&M Records, to release the original version as a single. Therefore, Atlantic Records decided to rework the song with country singer Allison Moorer (coincidentally signed to A&M's sister label Universal South Records) instead. Moorer re-recorded Crow\u2019s vocals for the commercial release. Even though Atlantic Records was unable to obtain rights to release Crow's version as a single, mainstream, rock/alternative, and some country radio stations disregarded this and played the original version featuring Crow, while other country music radio stations played the radio edit featuring Allison Moorer instead. Because of this, \"Billboard\" credited the song on the charts as Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. Each version of the song features a different guitar solo. The song is performed in the key of G major in common time with a tempo of 98 beats per minute. The verses of the song follow a chord progression of G\u2013C\u2013D\u2013C.", "In January 2016, Trott signed a publishing and catalogue purchase agreement with the world's fasting growing independent rights management company, ole. The BMI Awards are annual award ceremonies for songwriters in various genres organized by Broadcast Music, Inc.. The main pop music award was founded in 1952. The 63rd Annual BMI Pop Awards were held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, on May 13, 2015. The Daytime Emmy Awards are awards presented by the New York\u2013based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Los Angeles\u2013based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming. Jeff Trott and Sheryl Crow have received one nomination in the category \"Outstanding Original Song\". Sheryl Crow- 'Sheryl Crow' (album) Sheryl Crow- ' The Globe Sessions' Sheryl Crow- 'C'mon C'mon' Sheryl Crow- \"Wildflower\" Sheryl Crow- \"Detours\" Sheryl Crow- \" Feels Like Home \"  Counting Crows- \"Hard Candy\" Marc Broussard \u2013 \"Carencro\"  Augustana \u2013 \"Augustana\" Joe Cocker \u2013 \" Fire It Up\"", "Sheryl Crow (album) Sheryl Crow is the second studio album by American singer Sheryl Crow, released on September 24, 1996 by A&M Records. Unlike its predecessor \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a casual collective formed by Crow and several other musicians, \"Sheryl Crow\" was entirely produced by Crow, who wrote most of the songs alone or with only one collaborator. Most of the album was recorded at Kingsway Studios in New Orleans, Louisiana. The album covers topics of American life, relationship breakups, and moral and ethical issues, while encompassing a variety of music genres such as rock, blues, alternative rock, country, and folk. \"Sheryl Crow\" was a commercial success, being certified 3\u00d7 platinum by the RIAA and 3\u00d7 platinum by the BPI. It also reached No. 6 on the US \"Billboard\" Top 200 chart and produced five singles, including the international hit \" If It Makes You Happy\". The album received very positive reviews from critics, who praised its intricate production and Crow's louder and more assured singing. At the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, the album was awarded Best Rock Album and Crow received the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance award for \"If It Makes You Happy\". Retrospectively, it is often regarded as Crow's best album. \"Sheryl Crow\" is the follow-up to Sheryl Crow's 1993 album \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a group of musicians known as the \"Tuesday Music Club\". The group existed as a casual collective formed by Crow and musicians Bill Bottrell, David Baerwald, Kevin Gilbert, Brian MacLeod, David Ricketts, and Dan Schwartz. The album was a commercial success and produced several hit singles, including \"All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", and \"Leaving Las Vegas\".", "During the next five years, Crow and her band would sojourn from \"all in the van\" tours of local establishments to a string of world tours in which they opened for performers such as Bob Dylan, The Rolling Stones, The Eagles, Plant & Page, and Elton John. In 1996, Wolfe co-wrote with Sheryl Crow \"Hard to Make a Stand,\" which appeared on Crow's eponymously titled second album, Sheryl Crow. In 1995, while a member of Crow's band, Wolfe put together a band which signed with A & M Records. The band, Mojoson, included Wolfe as the lead guitarist, Scott Bryan\u2014a fellow member of Crow's band\u2014on guitar, keyboards and lead vocals, bassist Eric Massimino and drummer Michael Lawrence, who also played for Sun 60. Over a three-year period, the band recorded two studio albums. However, A&M underwent a transition of ownership before the albums were released. Consequently, the label's \"takeover\" albums went unissued, Mojoson's contract was dissolved, and the band was disbanded. In 1998, Wolfe left Sheryl Crow's band so that he could focus on a new project. He formed a new band with a varying lineup of players including two former members of Mojoson\u2014Eric Massimino and Michael Lawrence\u2014 as well as Rich Pagano, Dave Hollingsworth, and others. Currently, Wolfe's band features drummer Roger Voss and bassist Justine Gardner who replaced Massimino, Lawrence and Suavek Zaniesienko. This lineup recorded Wolfe's sixth (studio) release since leaving Sheryl's band, \"Stripped Down at The Bang Palace\". Wolfe and his band have kept busy with six album releases and over a dozen European tours to Europe in the last ten years.", "List of awards and nominations received by Sheryl Crow Sheryl Crow is an American singer-songwriter. She has released nine studio albums: \"Tuesday Night Music Club\" (1993) , \"Sheryl Crow\" (1996), \"The Globe Sessions\" (1998), \"C'mon C'mon\" (2002), \"Wildflower\" (2005), \"Detours\" (2008), \"Home for Christmas\" (2008), \"100 Miles from Memphis\" (2010) and \"Feels Like Home\" (2013). Her compilation and specialty albums include \"\" (1999), \"The Very Best of Sheryl Crow\" (2003), \"Live at Budokan\" (2003), \"iTunes Originals \u2013 Sheryl Crow\" (2006) and \"Hits & Rarities\" (2007). All of her albums were released through A&M Records, with the exception of \"C'mon C'mon\" and \"Feels Like Home\", which were released through Interscope Records and Warner Bros., respectively. All of Crow's studio albums have reached Top 10 positions on the \"Billboard\" 200, three of which reached peak positions of #2 (\"C'mon, C'mon\", \"Wildflower\", and \"Detours\"). Crow's singles that have charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 include \"Leaving Las Vegas\", \" All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", \"Can't Cry Anymore\", \" If It Makes You Happy\", \"Everyday Is a Winding Road\", \"My Favorite Mistake\", \"Anything but Down\", \"Soak Up the Sun\", \"Steve McQueen\", \"The First Cut Is the Deepest\","], "answer": {"text": "about a brief affair with Eric Clapton. The debut single from this album, \"My Favorite Mistake,\" was rumored to be about Clapton,", "answer_start": 156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "answer": {"text": "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_157fd50686264ff580ec42725fedb525_1_q#2", "question": "what was her live album?", "rewrite": "what was Sheryl Crow's live album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Picture (song) \"Picture\" is a duet written by American music artists Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow, released on November 12, 2002 as the fourth single and ninth track from Kid Rock's 2001 album \"Cocky\". The original recording on the album is performed by Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow. Rock re-recorded the song for the radio with alternative country singer Allison Moorer because Atlantic was initially unable to get the rights from Crow's label to release the album version as a single. When the Moorer version was released, some radio stations began playing the Crow version instead, leading \"Billboard\" to credit the song variously to Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. The song was a commercial and critical success and was nominated for Vocal Event of The Year at the 2003 Country Music Association awards. Kid Rock's label, Atlantic Records, was unable to obtain permission from Crow's label, A&M Records, to release the original version as a single. Therefore, Atlantic Records decided to rework the song with country singer Allison Moorer (coincidentally signed to A&M's sister label Universal South Records) instead. Moorer re-recorded Crow\u2019s vocals for the commercial release. Even though Atlantic Records was unable to obtain rights to release Crow's version as a single, mainstream, rock/alternative, and some country radio stations disregarded this and played the original version featuring Crow, while other country music radio stations played the radio edit featuring Allison Moorer instead. Because of this, \"Billboard\" credited the song on the charts as Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. Each version of the song features a different guitar solo. The song is performed in the key of G major in common time with a tempo of 98 beats per minute. The verses of the song follow a chord progression of G\u2013C\u2013D\u2013C.", "Sheryl Crow (album) Sheryl Crow is the second studio album by American singer Sheryl Crow, released on September 24, 1996 by A&M Records. Unlike its predecessor \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a casual collective formed by Crow and several other musicians, \"Sheryl Crow\" was entirely produced by Crow, who wrote most of the songs alone or with only one collaborator. Most of the album was recorded at Kingsway Studios in New Orleans, Louisiana. The album covers topics of American life, relationship breakups, and moral and ethical issues, while encompassing a variety of music genres such as rock, blues, alternative rock, country, and folk. \"Sheryl Crow\" was a commercial success, being certified 3\u00d7 platinum by the RIAA and 3\u00d7 platinum by the BPI. It also reached No. 6 on the US \"Billboard\" Top 200 chart and produced five singles, including the international hit \" If It Makes You Happy\". The album received very positive reviews from critics, who praised its intricate production and Crow's louder and more assured singing. At the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, the album was awarded Best Rock Album and Crow received the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance award for \"If It Makes You Happy\". Retrospectively, it is often regarded as Crow's best album. \"Sheryl Crow\" is the follow-up to Sheryl Crow's 1993 album \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a group of musicians known as the \"Tuesday Music Club\". The group existed as a casual collective formed by Crow and musicians Bill Bottrell, David Baerwald, Kevin Gilbert, Brian MacLeod, David Ricketts, and Dan Schwartz. The album was a commercial success and produced several hit singles, including \"All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", and \"Leaving Las Vegas\".", "List of awards and nominations received by Sheryl Crow Sheryl Crow is an American singer-songwriter. She has released nine studio albums: \"Tuesday Night Music Club\" (1993) , \"Sheryl Crow\" (1996), \"The Globe Sessions\" (1998), \"C'mon C'mon\" (2002), \"Wildflower\" (2005), \"Detours\" (2008), \"Home for Christmas\" (2008), \"100 Miles from Memphis\" (2010) and \"Feels Like Home\" (2013). Her compilation and specialty albums include \"\" (1999), \"The Very Best of Sheryl Crow\" (2003), \"Live at Budokan\" (2003), \"iTunes Originals \u2013 Sheryl Crow\" (2006) and \"Hits & Rarities\" (2007). All of her albums were released through A&M Records, with the exception of \"C'mon C'mon\" and \"Feels Like Home\", which were released through Interscope Records and Warner Bros., respectively. All of Crow's studio albums have reached Top 10 positions on the \"Billboard\" 200, three of which reached peak positions of #2 (\"C'mon, C'mon\", \"Wildflower\", and \"Detours\"). Crow's singles that have charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 include \"Leaving Las Vegas\", \" All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", \"Can't Cry Anymore\", \" If It Makes You Happy\", \"Everyday Is a Winding Road\", \"My Favorite Mistake\", \"Anything but Down\", \"Soak Up the Sun\", \"Steve McQueen\", \"The First Cut Is the Deepest\",", "Strong Enough (Sheryl Crow song) \"Strong Enough\" is a song by Sheryl Crow from the album \"Tuesday Night Music Club\". The song reached number five on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for three consecutive weeks, number three in Australia, and number one in Canada, becoming her second chart-topper there following \"All I Wanna Do\". In Australia, the song received a Platinum certification for sales exceeding 70,000 copies. Crow performed the song on her live album \"\" alongside the Dixie Chicks. The song was later included on Crow's greatest hits album, \"The Very Best of Sheryl Crow\". \"Strong Enough\" is a short acoustic song. In live performances, Crow often plays the accordion to it, although this instrument was not featured on the original recording. The song is written in the key of D major with a moderately slow tempo of 79 beats per minute in the unusual time signature. It follows a chord progression of D\u2013G\u2013Bm\u2013A, and Crow's vocals span from A to B. Lyrically, the song finds the narrarator in a frustrated relationship, looking for solace from her partner, despite the fact that his commitments may not be as true as her own. A simple black-and-white video was directed by Martin Bell. It features Crow in a largely empty room alternatively singing the song into a microphone and pacing anxiously through the room. UK cassette and 7\" single (cat. no. 580-918-4/7)  US, Australian and German CD singles (cats. no. 31458 0866 2 and 580-883-2) US cassette single (cat. no. 31458 0866 4)  Japanese CD (3\"), Australian cassette and European CD singles (cats. no.", "In January 2016, Trott signed a publishing and catalogue purchase agreement with the world's fasting growing independent rights management company, ole. The BMI Awards are annual award ceremonies for songwriters in various genres organized by Broadcast Music, Inc.. The main pop music award was founded in 1952. The 63rd Annual BMI Pop Awards were held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, on May 13, 2015. The Daytime Emmy Awards are awards presented by the New York\u2013based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Los Angeles\u2013based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming. Jeff Trott and Sheryl Crow have received one nomination in the category \"Outstanding Original Song\". Sheryl Crow- 'Sheryl Crow' (album) Sheryl Crow- ' The Globe Sessions' Sheryl Crow- 'C'mon C'mon' Sheryl Crow- \"Wildflower\" Sheryl Crow- \"Detours\" Sheryl Crow- \" Feels Like Home \"  Counting Crows- \"Hard Candy\" Marc Broussard \u2013 \"Carencro\"  Augustana \u2013 \"Augustana\" Joe Cocker \u2013 \" Fire It Up\""], "answer": {"text": "She also released a live album called Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live From Central Park.", "answer_start": 620}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "answer": {"text": "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she have an affair with?", "answer": {"text": "about a brief affair with Eric Clapton. The debut single from this album, \"My Favorite Mistake,\" was rumored to be about Clapton,", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_157fd50686264ff580ec42725fedb525_1_q#3", "question": "did the album do well?", "rewrite": "did Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live from Central Park do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of awards and nominations received by Sheryl Crow Sheryl Crow is an American singer-songwriter. She has released nine studio albums: \"Tuesday Night Music Club\" (1993) , \"Sheryl Crow\" (1996), \"The Globe Sessions\" (1998), \"C'mon C'mon\" (2002), \"Wildflower\" (2005), \"Detours\" (2008), \"Home for Christmas\" (2008), \"100 Miles from Memphis\" (2010) and \"Feels Like Home\" (2013). Her compilation and specialty albums include \"\" (1999), \"The Very Best of Sheryl Crow\" (2003), \"Live at Budokan\" (2003), \"iTunes Originals \u2013 Sheryl Crow\" (2006) and \"Hits & Rarities\" (2007). All of her albums were released through A&M Records, with the exception of \"C'mon C'mon\" and \"Feels Like Home\", which were released through Interscope Records and Warner Bros., respectively. All of Crow's studio albums have reached Top 10 positions on the \"Billboard\" 200, three of which reached peak positions of #2 (\"C'mon, C'mon\", \"Wildflower\", and \"Detours\"). Crow's singles that have charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 include \"Leaving Las Vegas\", \" All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", \"Can't Cry Anymore\", \" If It Makes You Happy\", \"Everyday Is a Winding Road\", \"My Favorite Mistake\", \"Anything but Down\", \"Soak Up the Sun\", \"Steve McQueen\", \"The First Cut Is the Deepest\",", "Sheryl Crow (album) Sheryl Crow is the second studio album by American singer Sheryl Crow, released on September 24, 1996 by A&M Records. Unlike its predecessor \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a casual collective formed by Crow and several other musicians, \"Sheryl Crow\" was entirely produced by Crow, who wrote most of the songs alone or with only one collaborator. Most of the album was recorded at Kingsway Studios in New Orleans, Louisiana. The album covers topics of American life, relationship breakups, and moral and ethical issues, while encompassing a variety of music genres such as rock, blues, alternative rock, country, and folk. \"Sheryl Crow\" was a commercial success, being certified 3\u00d7 platinum by the RIAA and 3\u00d7 platinum by the BPI. It also reached No. 6 on the US \"Billboard\" Top 200 chart and produced five singles, including the international hit \" If It Makes You Happy\". The album received very positive reviews from critics, who praised its intricate production and Crow's louder and more assured singing. At the 39th Annual Grammy Awards, the album was awarded Best Rock Album and Crow received the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance award for \"If It Makes You Happy\". Retrospectively, it is often regarded as Crow's best album. \"Sheryl Crow\" is the follow-up to Sheryl Crow's 1993 album \"Tuesday Night Music Club\", which was written by a group of musicians known as the \"Tuesday Music Club\". The group existed as a casual collective formed by Crow and musicians Bill Bottrell, David Baerwald, Kevin Gilbert, Brian MacLeod, David Ricketts, and Dan Schwartz. The album was a commercial success and produced several hit singles, including \"All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", and \"Leaving Las Vegas\".", "In January 2016, Trott signed a publishing and catalogue purchase agreement with the world's fasting growing independent rights management company, ole. The BMI Awards are annual award ceremonies for songwriters in various genres organized by Broadcast Music, Inc.. The main pop music award was founded in 1952. The 63rd Annual BMI Pop Awards were held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, on May 13, 2015. The Daytime Emmy Awards are awards presented by the New York\u2013based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Los Angeles\u2013based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming. Jeff Trott and Sheryl Crow have received one nomination in the category \"Outstanding Original Song\". Sheryl Crow- 'Sheryl Crow' (album) Sheryl Crow- ' The Globe Sessions' Sheryl Crow- 'C'mon C'mon' Sheryl Crow- \"Wildflower\" Sheryl Crow- \"Detours\" Sheryl Crow- \" Feels Like Home \"  Counting Crows- \"Hard Candy\" Marc Broussard \u2013 \"Carencro\"  Augustana \u2013 \"Augustana\" Joe Cocker \u2013 \" Fire It Up\"", "Picture (song) \"Picture\" is a duet written by American music artists Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow, released on November 12, 2002 as the fourth single and ninth track from Kid Rock's 2001 album \"Cocky\". The original recording on the album is performed by Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow. Rock re-recorded the song for the radio with alternative country singer Allison Moorer because Atlantic was initially unable to get the rights from Crow's label to release the album version as a single. When the Moorer version was released, some radio stations began playing the Crow version instead, leading \"Billboard\" to credit the song variously to Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. The song was a commercial and critical success and was nominated for Vocal Event of The Year at the 2003 Country Music Association awards. Kid Rock's label, Atlantic Records, was unable to obtain permission from Crow's label, A&M Records, to release the original version as a single. Therefore, Atlantic Records decided to rework the song with country singer Allison Moorer (coincidentally signed to A&M's sister label Universal South Records) instead. Moorer re-recorded Crow\u2019s vocals for the commercial release. Even though Atlantic Records was unable to obtain rights to release Crow's version as a single, mainstream, rock/alternative, and some country radio stations disregarded this and played the original version featuring Crow, while other country music radio stations played the radio edit featuring Allison Moorer instead. Because of this, \"Billboard\" credited the song on the charts as Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer. Each version of the song features a different guitar solo. The song is performed in the key of G major in common time with a tempo of 98 beats per minute. The verses of the song follow a chord progression of G\u2013C\u2013D\u2013C.", "Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live from Central Park Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live from Central Park is a live album by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released in 1999 (see 1999 in music). Although it was not commercially successful upon its release, merely reaching  107 on the \"Billboard\" 200, the album has managed to reach US sales of 486,000 units as of January 2008, earning it gold certification consideration. The concert was held in New York's Central Park on September 14, 1999 and featured some of Crow's many musical friends; the Dixie Chicks, Fleetwood Mac's Stevie Nicks, Pretenders leader Chrissie Hynde, the Rolling Stones' Keith Richards, Sarah McLachlan and legendary guitar virtuoso Eric Clapton. The concert's emcee was actor and comedian Bill Murray. Album \u2013 Billboard (North America) Grammy Awards"], "answer": {"text": "The record featured Crow singing many of her hit singles with new musical spins and guest appearances by many other musicians including Sarah McLachlan, Stevie Nicks,", "answer_start": 707}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "answer": {"text": "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she have an affair with?", "answer": {"text": "about a brief affair with Eric Clapton. The debut single from this album, \"My Favorite Mistake,\" was rumored to be about Clapton,", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her live album?", "answer": {"text": "She also released a live album called Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live From Central Park.", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_157fd50686264ff580ec42725fedb525_1_q#4", "question": "were there any other musicians she had appera?", "rewrite": "Besides Stevie  Nicks and Sarah McLachlan, were there any other musicians Sheryl Crow had appear?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live from Central Park Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live from Central Park is a live album by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released in 1999 (see 1999 in music). Although it was not commercially successful upon its release, merely reaching  107 on the \"Billboard\" 200, the album has managed to reach US sales of 486,000 units as of January 2008, earning it gold certification consideration. The concert was held in New York's Central Park on September 14, 1999 and featured some of Crow's many musical friends; the Dixie Chicks, Fleetwood Mac's Stevie Nicks, Pretenders leader Chrissie Hynde, the Rolling Stones' Keith Richards, Sarah McLachlan and legendary guitar virtuoso Eric Clapton. The concert's emcee was actor and comedian Bill Murray. Album \u2013 Billboard (North America) Grammy Awards", "Later in 1998, Crow took part in a live concert in tribute to Burt Bacharach, contributing vocals on \"One Less Bell to Answer.\" In 1999, Crow also made her acting debut as an ill-fated drifter in the suspense/drama The Minus Man, which starred her then-boyfriend Owen Wilson as a serial killer. Also in 1999, she appeared in Prince's album Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, singing backing vocals in the song \"Baby Knows\". Prince included a cover of her \"Everyday Is a Winding Road\" in the album. She also appeared in Zucchero Fornaciari's collection Overdose d'amore/The Ballads featuring the song Blue (co-written by Bono). She also released a live album called Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live From Central Park. The record featured Crow singing many of her hit singles with new musical spins and guest appearances by many other musicians including Sarah McLachlan, Stevie Nicks, the Dixie Chicks, Keith Richards, and Eric Clapton. It included \"There Goes the Neighborhood\", which won the Grammy for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.", "Beauty and the Beast (Stevie Nicks song) \"Beauty and the Beast\" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks. It is the final track on her second album \"The Wild Heart\", released in 1983. It was later released in a live version from Nicks 1986 \"Rock a Little\" tour as a B-side to the UK single \"Whole Lotta Trouble\" in October 1989. It also appears on two compilations: \"Timespace \u2013 The Best of Stevie Nicks\", released in 1991, and the boxset, \"Enchanted\", released in 1998. A new studio version appears on her album, \"The Soundstage Sessions\", released in 2009. The song receives its titles and initial inspiration from French filmmaker Jean Cocteau's 1946 film \"Beauty and the Beast\", one of Stevie Nicks' favorite classic films. Nicks explains the importance of the song to her, both during live performances and in various interviews, as one that encompasses her whole life and represents how everyone is either a beauty or a beast, usually both  On its re-release in \"Timespace \u2013 The Best of Stevie Nicks\" (1991), she dedicates the song to Vincent and Catherine, of the late 80's television show, \"Beauty and the Beast.\" \"Beauty and the Beast\" was recorded during a single three hour session in Gordon Perry's recording studio. It is recorded with a full string orchestra and grand piano. During the recording session, Stevie Nicks and her back-up vocalists wore long black gowns and served champagne to the visiting musicians. Main performers String section Main performers String section During her 2006 and 2007 tours, Stevie Nicks performed \"Beauty and the Beast\" as her encore. For this number, she changed into a black dress and styled her hair into an up-do to resemble Belle from the 1946 film.", "be very happy and hopeful that we will be working again. I can tell you everyone's going to be extremely excited about what's happening with Fleetwood Mac.\" On 14 March 2008, the Associated Press reported Sheryl Crow as saying that she would be working with Fleetwood Mac in 2009. Crow and Stevie Nicks had collaborated in the past and Crow had stated that Nicks had been a great teacher and inspiration to her. In a subsequent interview, Buckingham said that after discussions between the band and Crow, the potential collaboration with Crow had \"lost its momentum\". In an interview in June 2008 Nicks said that Crow would not be joining Fleetwood Mac as a replacement for Christine McVie. According to Nicks, \"the group will start working on material and recording probably in October, and finish an album. \" On 7 October 2008 Mick Fleetwood confirmed on the BBC's \"The One Show\" that the band were working in the studio. He also announced plans for a world tour in 2009. In late 2008, it was announced that Fleetwood Mac would tour in 2009, beginning in March. As in the 2003\u20132004 tour, Christine McVie would not be featured in the line-up. The tour was branded as a greatest hits show entitled \"Unleashed\", although album tracks such as \"Storms\" and \"I Know I'm Not Wrong\" were also played. During their show on 20 June 2009 in New Orleans, Louisiana, Stevie Nicks premiered part of a new song that she had written about Hurricane Katrina. The song was later released as \"New Orleans\" on Stevie Nicks's 2011 album \" In Your Dreams\" with Mick Fleetwood on drums. In October 2009 and November the band toured Europe, followed by Australia and New Zealand in December.", "Peter Stroud Peter Stroud is a US guitarist best known for his work with Sheryl Crow, Don Henley, Pete Droge, and Sarah McLachlan. He is cofounder of 65amps, a company manufacturing guitar amplifiers. Peter Stroud was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. He was raised and received early education in Greensboro, NC. High school years, he attended The Principia Upper School in St. Louis and Greensboro Day School in his hometown, graduating class 1977. In the mid-late 90s, Stroud played with Pete Droge. It was during this period that he met Sheryl Crow, and in late 1998 she asked him to join her band in support of her third release, \"Globe Sessions\". This musical relationship has lasted for over eleven years, where he eventually served as Sheryl\u2019s music director. Soon after the conclusion of the Globe Sessions tour, Peter joined Don Henley in 2000 for his \"Inside Job\" tour. Their debut concert was filmed, originally for A&E\u2019s Live By Request, and later released on DVD. Stroud remained active touring with Sheryl up until late June 2010, when he started touring with Sarah McLachlan's band. His last performances with Crow before moving to McLachlan were on the Lilith Fair 2010 tour, which was also his debut with McLachlan; he played with both artists for the first five dates of the tour. In 2012 Stroud once again joined up with Sheryl Crow and besides being her lead guitar player, he also became her bandleader. He is currently on tour with her at numerous venues in the U.S.  CDs: DVDs"], "answer": {"text": "the Dixie Chicks, Keith Richards, and Eric Clapton.", "answer_start": 874}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "answer": {"text": "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she have an affair with?", "answer": {"text": "about a brief affair with Eric Clapton. The debut single from this album, \"My Favorite Mistake,\" was rumored to be about Clapton,", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her live album?", "answer": {"text": "She also released a live album called Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live From Central Park.", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "The record featured Crow singing many of her hit singles with new musical spins and guest appearances by many other musicians including Sarah McLachlan, Stevie Nicks,", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_157fd50686264ff580ec42725fedb525_1_q#5", "question": "What was the globe sessions?", "rewrite": "What was the globe sessions album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Globe Sessions The Globe Sessions is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released on 21 September 1998 in the United Kingdom and 29 September 1998 in the United States, then re-released in 1999. It was nominated for Album of the Year, Best Rock Album and Best Engineered Non-Classical Album at the 1999 Grammys, winning the latter two awards. \"The Globe Sessions\" reached  2 on the UK Album Chart, while peaking at No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, achieving US sales of two million as of January 2008. The album was recorded at and named for the sessions recorded at Globe Recording Studio in New York owned by Robert FitzSimons and Tracey Loggia. In 2019 it was announced that the 2008 fire that swept through Universal Studios Hollywood ultimately destroyed buildings belonging to Universal Music Group. It has since emerged that \"The Globe Sessions\" was one of hundreds of albums to have had their Studio Masters completely destroyed, making any future remasters or reissues doubtful. Many unreleased tracks and alternate takes on songs have also been lost. On earlier versions of the album the track \"Crash and Burn\" contains the hidden track \"Subway Ride\", running , while omitting the track \"Sweet Child O' Mine\". Another version eliminates both \"Subway Ride\" and \"Sweet Child O' Mine\". The version of \"Sweet Child O' Mine\" included is the 'Rick Rubin New Mix', originally featured on the \"Big Daddy\" soundtrack and later included on \"Hits & Rarities\", and also called the 'Pop Version' on the CD single. It differs from the 'Rock Version' used in the single music video. The European version features \"Resuscitation\" (Crow, Trott) as twelfth track; the Japanese version contains the bonus tracks \"Carolina\" and \"Resuscitation\" (Crow, Trott).", "There Goes the Neighborhood (Sheryl Crow song) \"There Goes the Neighborhood\" is a 1998 song by Sheryl Crow. The song, released as the second single from her platinum album \"The Globe Sessions\", won a Grammy award in 2001 for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. The song failed to chart in the United States except on the \"Billboard\" Triple A chart, where it peaked at number two for three weeks. Conversely, the song became Crow's eighth top-five single in Canada, reaching number four on the \"RPM\" Top Singles chart and number seven on the \"RPM\" Rock Report in April 1999. In Europe, the song reached number 19 on the UK Singles Chart, number 25 in Iceland and number 56 in Sweden. Crow performed the song on her live album \"\". The song, along with the album \"The Globe Sessions\", and the first single (\"My Favorite Mistake\") received nominations on the 1999 Grammy Awards. Crow won only Best Rock Album, and the single lost in the field Best Female Rock Vocal Performance (to \"Uninvited\" by Alanis Morissette). With the release of the album \"\", Crow won the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance with the track for second year in a row, after taking the prize with her rendition of Guns N' Roses hit \"Sweet Child o' Mine at the 2000 Grammy Awards. CD Single #1 (cat. no. 582 807-2) CD Single #2 (cat. no. 582 809-2)", "The album produced five singles: \"If It Makes You Happy\", \"Everyday Is a Winding Road\", \"Hard to Make a Stand\", \"A Change Would Do You Good\", and \"Home\", with the first two peaking at Nos. 10 and 11 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, respectively. The self-titled record remains Crow's most critically acclaimed album to date. Crow won two Grammy Awards for this new effort in 1997 and one additional nomination in 1998. Shortly afterwards, Crow contributed to the \"Tomorrow Never Dies\" soundtrack, writing and performing the theme song for the James Bond movie. The song became Crow's fifth top-20 hit in the UK and received nominations for a Golden Globe and a Grammy. Despite encountering difficulties in recording her third studio album, Crow released \"The Globe Sessions\" in 1998. Preceded by the top 20 hit single \"My Favorite Mistake\", the album debuted at No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and went on to sell more than two million copies in the United States. \"The Globe Sessions\" received five Grammy Award nominations, including for Album of the Year, but won only for Best Rock Album. The next year, Crow's rendition of the song \"Sweet Child O'Mine\" was included in the \"Big Daddy\" soundtrack and won a Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. In addition, Crow released her first live album, recorded at Central Park in the company of guest musicians such as Keith Richards, Stevie Nicks, and Eric Clapton. The album was not as commercially successful as its predecessors, being certified as gold only in Canada but at the same time, garnered Crow three fresh Grammy nominations, winning Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for \" There Goes the Neighborhood\" in 2000.", "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair with Eric Clapton. The debut single from this album, \"My Favorite Mistake,\" was rumored to be about Clapton, but Crow says otherwise--that the song is about a philandering ex-boyfriend. Crow has refused to say who the song was about, telling Billboard Magazine on the release of her album, \"Oh, there will be just so much speculation, and because of that there's great safety and protection in the fact that people will be guessing so many different people and I'm the only person who will ever really know. I'm really private about who I've had relationships with, and I don't talk about them in the press. I don't even really talk about them with the people around me.\" Despite the difficulties in recording the album, Crow told the BBC in 2005 that, \"My favorite single is 'My Favorite Mistake.' It was a lot of fun to record and it's still a lot of fun to play.\" The album won Best Rock Album at the 1999 Grammy Awards. It was re-released in 1999, with a bonus track, Crow's cover of the Guns N' Roses song \"Sweet Child o' Mine,\" which was included on the soundtrack of the film Big Daddy. The song won the 1999 Grammy for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. Other singles included \"There Goes the Neighborhood,\" \"Anything but Down,\" and \"The Difficult Kind.\" Crow won the 2001 Grammy best female rock vocal performance for There Goes the Neighborhood. The Globe Sessions peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard 200 chart, achieving US sales of 2 million as of January 2008.", "My Favorite Mistake \"My Favorite Mistake\" is the first single from Sheryl Crow's third album \"The Globe Sessions\". The song was written about a relationship with a man who proves to be unfaithful and is widely believed to have been written about Eric Clapton. Released in 1998, the single peaked at number 20 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming Crow's fifth top-twenty single in the United States, while reaching number two in Canada and giving Crow her seventh top-five hit there. In the United Kingdom, it reached number nine, becoming her last top-ten single in Britain. The song was written by Crow and her regular collaborator Jeff Trott. The song is about a philandering ex-boyfriend, rumored to be Eric Clapton. Crow, however, has refused to say who the song was about, telling Billboard Magazine on the release of her album, \"Oh, there will be just so much speculation, and because of that there's great safety and protection in the fact that people will be guessing so many different people and I'm the only person who will ever really know. I'm really private about who I've had relationships with, and I don't talk about them in the press. I don't even really talk about them with the people around me.\" Crow compared \"My Favorite Mistake\" to \" You're So Vain\" by Carly Simon. However, she later claimed that she doesn't look at her relationship with Clapton as a mistake and verified that it was definitely not about him. As further corroboration, Crow introduces Clapton as \"a really good friend of mine\" in her , later to be released as an album. The songs on \"The Globe Sessions\" including \"My Favorite Mistake\" were written in the first person as opposed the narrative songs featured on her first two albums."], "answer": {"text": "The Globe Sessions peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard 200 chart, achieving US sales of 2 million as of January 2008.", "answer_start": 1534}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "answer": {"text": "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she have an affair with?", "answer": {"text": "about a brief affair with Eric Clapton. The debut single from this album, \"My Favorite Mistake,\" was rumored to be about Clapton,", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her live album?", "answer": {"text": "She also released a live album called Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live From Central Park.", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "The record featured Crow singing many of her hit singles with new musical spins and guest appearances by many other musicians including Sarah McLachlan, Stevie Nicks,", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were there any other musicians she had appera?", "answer": {"text": "the Dixie Chicks, Keith Richards, and Eric Clapton.", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_157fd50686264ff580ec42725fedb525_1_q#6", "question": "did she have any other albums?", "rewrite": "did Sheryl Crow have any other albums besides the Globe Sessions?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Globe Sessions The Globe Sessions is the third studio album by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released on 21 September 1998 in the United Kingdom and 29 September 1998 in the United States, then re-released in 1999. It was nominated for Album of the Year, Best Rock Album and Best Engineered Non-Classical Album at the 1999 Grammys, winning the latter two awards. \"The Globe Sessions\" reached  2 on the UK Album Chart, while peaking at No. 5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, achieving US sales of two million as of January 2008. The album was recorded at and named for the sessions recorded at Globe Recording Studio in New York owned by Robert FitzSimons and Tracey Loggia. In 2019 it was announced that the 2008 fire that swept through Universal Studios Hollywood ultimately destroyed buildings belonging to Universal Music Group. It has since emerged that \"The Globe Sessions\" was one of hundreds of albums to have had their Studio Masters completely destroyed, making any future remasters or reissues doubtful. Many unreleased tracks and alternate takes on songs have also been lost. On earlier versions of the album the track \"Crash and Burn\" contains the hidden track \"Subway Ride\", running , while omitting the track \"Sweet Child O' Mine\". Another version eliminates both \"Subway Ride\" and \"Sweet Child O' Mine\". The version of \"Sweet Child O' Mine\" included is the 'Rick Rubin New Mix', originally featured on the \"Big Daddy\" soundtrack and later included on \"Hits & Rarities\", and also called the 'Pop Version' on the CD single. It differs from the 'Rock Version' used in the single music video. The European version features \"Resuscitation\" (Crow, Trott) as twelfth track; the Japanese version contains the bonus tracks \"Carolina\" and \"Resuscitation\" (Crow, Trott).", "In January 2016, Trott signed a publishing and catalogue purchase agreement with the world's fasting growing independent rights management company, ole. The BMI Awards are annual award ceremonies for songwriters in various genres organized by Broadcast Music, Inc.. The main pop music award was founded in 1952. The 63rd Annual BMI Pop Awards were held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California, on May 13, 2015. The Daytime Emmy Awards are awards presented by the New York\u2013based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Los Angeles\u2013based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming. Jeff Trott and Sheryl Crow have received one nomination in the category \"Outstanding Original Song\". Sheryl Crow- 'Sheryl Crow' (album) Sheryl Crow- ' The Globe Sessions' Sheryl Crow- 'C'mon C'mon' Sheryl Crow- \"Wildflower\" Sheryl Crow- \"Detours\" Sheryl Crow- \" Feels Like Home \"  Counting Crows- \"Hard Candy\" Marc Broussard \u2013 \"Carencro\"  Augustana \u2013 \"Augustana\" Joe Cocker \u2013 \" Fire It Up\"", "Peter Stroud Peter Stroud is a US guitarist best known for his work with Sheryl Crow, Don Henley, Pete Droge, and Sarah McLachlan. He is cofounder of 65amps, a company manufacturing guitar amplifiers. Peter Stroud was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. He was raised and received early education in Greensboro, NC. High school years, he attended The Principia Upper School in St. Louis and Greensboro Day School in his hometown, graduating class 1977. In the mid-late 90s, Stroud played with Pete Droge. It was during this period that he met Sheryl Crow, and in late 1998 she asked him to join her band in support of her third release, \"Globe Sessions\". This musical relationship has lasted for over eleven years, where he eventually served as Sheryl\u2019s music director. Soon after the conclusion of the Globe Sessions tour, Peter joined Don Henley in 2000 for his \"Inside Job\" tour. Their debut concert was filmed, originally for A&E\u2019s Live By Request, and later released on DVD. Stroud remained active touring with Sheryl up until late June 2010, when he started touring with Sarah McLachlan's band. His last performances with Crow before moving to McLachlan were on the Lilith Fair 2010 tour, which was also his debut with McLachlan; he played with both artists for the first five dates of the tour. In 2012 Stroud once again joined up with Sheryl Crow and besides being her lead guitar player, he also became her bandleader. He is currently on tour with her at numerous venues in the U.S.  CDs: DVDs", "There Goes the Neighborhood (Sheryl Crow song) \"There Goes the Neighborhood\" is a 1998 song by Sheryl Crow. The song, released as the second single from her platinum album \"The Globe Sessions\", won a Grammy award in 2001 for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance. The song failed to chart in the United States except on the \"Billboard\" Triple A chart, where it peaked at number two for three weeks. Conversely, the song became Crow's eighth top-five single in Canada, reaching number four on the \"RPM\" Top Singles chart and number seven on the \"RPM\" Rock Report in April 1999. In Europe, the song reached number 19 on the UK Singles Chart, number 25 in Iceland and number 56 in Sweden. Crow performed the song on her live album \"\". The song, along with the album \"The Globe Sessions\", and the first single (\"My Favorite Mistake\") received nominations on the 1999 Grammy Awards. Crow won only Best Rock Album, and the single lost in the field Best Female Rock Vocal Performance (to \"Uninvited\" by Alanis Morissette). With the release of the album \"\", Crow won the Best Female Rock Vocal Performance with the track for second year in a row, after taking the prize with her rendition of Guns N' Roses hit \"Sweet Child o' Mine at the 2000 Grammy Awards. CD Single #1 (cat. no. 582 807-2) CD Single #2 (cat. no. 582 809-2)", "List of awards and nominations received by Sheryl Crow Sheryl Crow is an American singer-songwriter. She has released nine studio albums: \"Tuesday Night Music Club\" (1993) , \"Sheryl Crow\" (1996), \"The Globe Sessions\" (1998), \"C'mon C'mon\" (2002), \"Wildflower\" (2005), \"Detours\" (2008), \"Home for Christmas\" (2008), \"100 Miles from Memphis\" (2010) and \"Feels Like Home\" (2013). Her compilation and specialty albums include \"\" (1999), \"The Very Best of Sheryl Crow\" (2003), \"Live at Budokan\" (2003), \"iTunes Originals \u2013 Sheryl Crow\" (2006) and \"Hits & Rarities\" (2007). All of her albums were released through A&M Records, with the exception of \"C'mon C'mon\" and \"Feels Like Home\", which were released through Interscope Records and Warner Bros., respectively. All of Crow's studio albums have reached Top 10 positions on the \"Billboard\" 200, three of which reached peak positions of #2 (\"C'mon, C'mon\", \"Wildflower\", and \"Detours\"). Crow's singles that have charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 include \"Leaving Las Vegas\", \" All I Wanna Do\", \"Strong Enough\", \"Can't Cry Anymore\", \" If It Makes You Happy\", \"Everyday Is a Winding Road\", \"My Favorite Mistake\", \"Anything but Down\", \"Soak Up the Sun\", \"Steve McQueen\", \"The First Cut Is the Deepest\","], "answer": {"text": "Crow told the BBC in 2005 that, \"My favorite single is 'My Favorite Mistake.' It was a lot of fun to record", "answer_start": 898}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 1998 with Sheryl Crow?", "answer": {"text": "In 1998, Crow released The Globe Sessions. During this period, she discussed in interviews having gone through a deep depression, and there was speculation about a brief affair", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she have an affair with?", "answer": {"text": "about a brief affair with Eric Clapton. The debut single from this album, \"My Favorite Mistake,\" was rumored to be about Clapton,", "answer_start": 156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her live album?", "answer": {"text": "She also released a live album called Sheryl Crow and Friends: Live From Central Park.", "answer_start": 620, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "The record featured Crow singing many of her hit singles with new musical spins and guest appearances by many other musicians including Sarah McLachlan, Stevie Nicks,", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were there any other musicians she had appera?", "answer": {"text": "the Dixie Chicks, Keith Richards, and Eric Clapton.", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the globe sessions?", "answer": {"text": "The Globe Sessions peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard 200 chart, achieving US sales of 2 million as of January 2008.", "answer_start": 1534, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#0", "question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "rewrite": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed.", "Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first.", "Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "Nina Forever  Nina Forever is a 2015 British horror comedy film written and directed by brothers Ben and Chris Blaine. It stars Fiona O'Shaughnessy, Abigail Hardingham, and Cian Barry. It premiered at the 2015 SXSW film festival. Fiona O'Shaughnessy plays Nina, a revenant who comes back to life to torment her ex-boyfriend and his new girlfriend whenever they have sex. After his girlfriend Nina dies in a car crash, Rob unsuccessfully attempts suicide. As he begins to overcome his grief, he falls in love with a coworker, Holly. Their relationship is complicated when Nina, unable to find rest in the afterlife, comes back to life to sarcastically torment them whenever they have sex. Rob and Holly must find some way to deal with the situation and put Nina to rest. The writer-directors wanted to keep the film from descending into camp, so they kept the tone serious enough that people could still relate to the characters and their actions despite the situations. Focus was also put on keeping the metaphor of baggage in a relationship relatable beyond the literal interpretation of supernatural events. Production began in May 2013 in the UK. The Blaine brothers used a Kickstarter campaign to fund aspects of the film. They said that they did not want to ask permission to make a film; instead, they made the film they wanted and invited others to become involved in the process. \"Nina Forever\" premiered at SXSW on 14 March 2015. It was released via video on demand in the United Kingdom on 15 February 2016, followed by a DVD and Blu-ray release on 22 February. Rotten Tomatoes reports that 97% of 32 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 8/10. Metacritic rated it 75/100 based on 10 reviews."], "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#1", "question": "Who are some other cast members?", "rewrite": "Other than Nina Tucker, Who are some other cast members?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "Neighbours approached Goodrem about appearing in the show after they saw the video for her debut single, \"I Don't Care\"; she was offered the role of Nina Tucker in early 2002. Goodrem almost turned down the part because she was not happy with the character written for her. She had just signed a record deal with Sony Records and felt the part did not suit her music. The Neighbours producers agreed to rewrite the role of Nina for her. In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment. Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health, so there was no getting around it. There was absolutely no question of attempting to keep her working.\" Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and a new character, Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair), was created and introduced to cover Nina's planned storyline with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey). In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract. Of her return, a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us. We can't wait for the days she's back on the set. This is where it all started for her.\" Goodrem told TV Week that it was important to her to tie up Nina's storylines and added: \"I really felt that Nina and myself had a lot of unfinished business there.\" Due to Goodrem's busy schedule, the producers made sure all her scenes were shot in three days.", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed.", "Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first."], "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other cast members?", "rewrite": "Aside from Nina Tucker, Are there any other cast members?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neighbours approached Goodrem about appearing in the show after they saw the video for her debut single, \"I Don't Care\"; she was offered the role of Nina Tucker in early 2002. Goodrem almost turned down the part because she was not happy with the character written for her. She had just signed a record deal with Sony Records and felt the part did not suit her music. The Neighbours producers agreed to rewrite the role of Nina for her. In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment. Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health, so there was no getting around it. There was absolutely no question of attempting to keep her working.\" Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and a new character, Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair), was created and introduced to cover Nina's planned storyline with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey). In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract. Of her return, a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us. We can't wait for the days she's back on the set. This is where it all started for her.\" Goodrem told TV Week that it was important to her to tie up Nina's storylines and added: \"I really felt that Nina and myself had a lot of unfinished business there.\" Due to Goodrem's busy schedule, the producers made sure all her scenes were shot in three days.", "Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first.", "Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed."], "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other cast members or characters?", "rewrite": "Along with Nina Tucker, Are there any other cast members or characters?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "Neighbours approached Goodrem about appearing in the show after they saw the video for her debut single, \"I Don't Care\"; she was offered the role of Nina Tucker in early 2002. Goodrem almost turned down the part because she was not happy with the character written for her. She had just signed a record deal with Sony Records and felt the part did not suit her music. The Neighbours producers agreed to rewrite the role of Nina for her. In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment. Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health, so there was no getting around it. There was absolutely no question of attempting to keep her working.\" Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and a new character, Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair), was created and introduced to cover Nina's planned storyline with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey). In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract. Of her return, a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us. We can't wait for the days she's back on the set. This is where it all started for her.\" Goodrem told TV Week that it was important to her to tie up Nina's storylines and added: \"I really felt that Nina and myself had a lot of unfinished business there.\" Due to Goodrem's busy schedule, the producers made sure all her scenes were shot in three days.", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed.", "Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#4", "question": "Who was the casting director?", "rewrite": "Who was the casting director where Nina Tucker was casted?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Abhishek Banerjee (actor) Abhishek Banerjee is an Indian actor, casting director and screenwriter. Banerjee received his higher education from Delhi. He began his acting career with Delhi theatre. His first film appearance was in \"Rang De Basanti\", as one of the students auditioning for a documentary role. He moved Mumbai from Delhi in 2008. He  worked in \"Knock Out\" as casting director in 2010. He also acted in \"Soul of Sand\" in 2010. In 2011 he worked as casting director in \"The Dirty Picture\" and \"No One Killed Jessica\". He also acted in \"No One Killed Jessica\" in 2011. He worked as casting director in \"Bajatey Raho\" and \"Mickey Virus\" in 2013. He also acted in \"Bombay Talkies\" in 2013. Banerjee acted in \"Fuddu Boys\" and \"Agli Baar\" in 2015. These films were short films. He also worked as casting director in \"Umrika\" and \"Gabbar Is Back\" in 2015. He worked as casting director in \"Dear Dad\", \"Do Lafzon Ki Kahani\", \"Rock On 2\" and \"You Are My Sunday\" in 2016. He worked as casting director in \"Ok Jaanu\", \"\", \"Secret Superstar\" and \"Ajji\" in 2017. In this year he acted in \"Phillauri\" and \"Ajji\". In 2018 he worked as screenwriter of \"Pari\". He worked as casting director of \"Brij Mohan Amar Rahe\" in 2018. He acted in \"Stree\" in 2018. For this film he was nominated for Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role in 2019. In 2019 he worked as casting director of \"Kalank\".", "Mother and daughter move in with Marco, prompting a jealous Oliver to file for sole custody of Chloe, though he later rescinds this decision. Marco proposes to Carmella and she accepts, however later that day he is severely injured in a bushfire. Carmella marries him from his hospital bed, and Marco dies shortly afterwards. Following his death, Carmella believes she is haunted by Marco's spirit. Oliver moves to New York, but she declines his invitation to accompany him. He later moves to Portugal, and in December 2008, Carmella and Chloe leave to be with him. They briefly return to Erinsborough when Oliver's mother Rebecca (Jane Hall) breaks up with her husband Paul (Stefan Dennis), to convince her to come and live with them. Carmella was created following Delta Goodrem's sudden departure from \"Neighbours\" due to illness. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and Carmella was introduced to fill the void left by Goodrem's character, Nina Tucker. As a school graduate, Blair had unsuccessfully auditioned for another role in the serial, but impressed casting director Jan Russ. Six months later, Russ contacted Blair and asked her to audition for the role of Carmella. She was cast immediately, due to the urgent need to fill the void left by Goodrem. She played Carmella on an episodic basis in 2003, then returned for a longer period in 2004, and briefly in 2005. Blair returned to \"Neighbours\" in 2006, and in September 2007, signed a contract keeping her in the show for another year. The serial's official website described Carmella as \"the youngest daughter of local mafioso Rocco Cammeniti. She grew up spoilt and sheltered from the real world, which made her a force to be reckoned with as soon as she was old enough to break free of her father's influence.\"", "New York Teamsters Local 817. A common practice of many casting directors and casting associates have been casting director workshops. The types of workshop practices vary, but typically aspiring actors pay to perform in front of a casting professional who gives back feedback on the performance. Actors and industry professionals against workshops argue that casting directors are paid to find talent, not have talent pay to be seen by them. Supporters of the workshops argue that the workshops have classroom like settings and are a good source of feedback and networking. Because of their mixed reception, casting director workshops have not been met without controversy. Former Criminal Minds casting director Scott David was fired after The Hollywood Reporter published a story about his casting director workshops. In February 2017, five casting director workshops were charged with criminal charges for charging actors to audition for projects. In January 2018, Lindsay Chag, the casting director of films like and , was convicted guilty of violating the Talent Scam Prevention Act for her role in casting director workshops. The highest honor a casting director can receive is awarded by their peers in the Casting Society of America. \"Artios\", comes from the Greek word meaning, \"perfectly fitted. \" The Artios award excellence in casting for all genres of casting except commercials. The Artios are currently held mid-January annually with ceremonies in New York, Los Angeles, and (beginning in 2018) London. Since their incarnation in 1985, they were held in November but were moved in 2013-2014 season to align with the rest of the film and television industry's awards season. The Artios is awarded to those CSA members who receive primary screen (or program) credit for casting on the winning project. Location Casting Directors, Casting Executives and Department Heads who are CSA members and who receive credit on winning projects also receive an Artios Award. CSA Associates on those projects are recognized in the press and with a certificate.", "Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members or characters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to Nina Tucker, Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neighbours approached Goodrem about appearing in the show after they saw the video for her debut single, \"I Don't Care\"; she was offered the role of Nina Tucker in early 2002. Goodrem almost turned down the part because she was not happy with the character written for her. She had just signed a record deal with Sony Records and felt the part did not suit her music. The Neighbours producers agreed to rewrite the role of Nina for her. In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment. Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health, so there was no getting around it. There was absolutely no question of attempting to keep her working.\" Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and a new character, Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair), was created and introduced to cover Nina's planned storyline with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey). In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract. Of her return, a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us. We can't wait for the days she's back on the set. This is where it all started for her.\" Goodrem told TV Week that it was important to her to tie up Nina's storylines and added: \"I really felt that Nina and myself had a lot of unfinished business there.\" Due to Goodrem's busy schedule, the producers made sure all her scenes were shot in three days.", "Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first.", "Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed."], "answer": {"text": "In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment.", "answer_start": 437}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members or characters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the casting director?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#6", "question": "What happened to the show when she left?", "rewrite": "What happened to the show when Nina Tucker left?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed.", "Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first.", "He is hurt so bad, that he falls into a coma for four years. After Tucker wakes Eugene with a baseball bat, he tells him that Cindi stuck around for a little while, but disappeared shortly thereafter because Eugene was \"a vegetable.\" Tucker left Eugene to continue his recovery as Tucker went to work. He came back later to visit Eugene again with the newest edition of Playboy. While discussing where Cindi had vanished to, Tucker happened to stumble across a centerfold in his new issue of none other than Cindi. Tucker devises a plan to go cross country to the Playboy Mansion where there was a party to be held in 3 days for Playboy's annual Birthday bash, where Cindi was sure to be. Tucker left as he had a date with his \"partner\" of 13 months, Candace (Molly Stanton), who back in high school seemed to hate Tucker. Later that night, Tucker broke into the hospital while Eugene was asleep, stating they had to leave on their trip now, as opposed to 3 days later, as Tucker had an incident involving Candace and accidentally forgetting she has seizures caused by strobe lights as a side effect of her epilepsy. Starting out on the road trip, the two are attacked by Candace's brother, Rick (Geoff Meed), and his firemen crew, but manage to escape temporarily. Once in Chicago, they meet up with their old friend MPEG, who has become a famous rapper over the four years. They all hop on board his party bus and begin to trek across the country towards the Playboy Mansion. After an argument between Horsedick and Eugene, Tucker and Eugene were both thrown out of the bus in the middle of nowhere, and left to walk the rest of the way. Just as it seemed all hope was lost, a car pulled up with two lesbian women."], "answer": {"text": "Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health,", "answer_start": 550}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members or characters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the casting director?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment.", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#7", "question": "Can you tell me more about this?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me more about Nina Tucker?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed.", "Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first.", "Neighbours approached Goodrem about appearing in the show after they saw the video for her debut single, \"I Don't Care\"; she was offered the role of Nina Tucker in early 2002. Goodrem almost turned down the part because she was not happy with the character written for her. She had just signed a record deal with Sony Records and felt the part did not suit her music. The Neighbours producers agreed to rewrite the role of Nina for her. In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment. Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health, so there was no getting around it. There was absolutely no question of attempting to keep her working.\" Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and a new character, Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair), was created and introduced to cover Nina's planned storyline with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey). In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract. Of her return, a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us. We can't wait for the days she's back on the set. This is where it all started for her.\" Goodrem told TV Week that it was important to her to tie up Nina's storylines and added: \"I really felt that Nina and myself had a lot of unfinished business there.\" Due to Goodrem's busy schedule, the producers made sure all her scenes were shot in three days.", "Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date."], "answer": {"text": "Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten,", "answer_start": 774}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members or characters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the casting director?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment.", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the show when she left?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health,", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#8", "question": "Was she ever able to return?", "rewrite": "Was Nina Tucker ever able to return?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed.", "Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "Neighbours approached Goodrem about appearing in the show after they saw the video for her debut single, \"I Don't Care\"; she was offered the role of Nina Tucker in early 2002. Goodrem almost turned down the part because she was not happy with the character written for her. She had just signed a record deal with Sony Records and felt the part did not suit her music. The Neighbours producers agreed to rewrite the role of Nina for her. In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment. Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health, so there was no getting around it. There was absolutely no question of attempting to keep her working.\" Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and a new character, Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair), was created and introduced to cover Nina's planned storyline with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey). In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract. Of her return, a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us. We can't wait for the days she's back on the set. This is where it all started for her.\" Goodrem told TV Week that it was important to her to tie up Nina's storylines and added: \"I really felt that Nina and myself had a lot of unfinished business there.\" Due to Goodrem's busy schedule, the producers made sure all her scenes were shot in three days.", "South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive The South Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive is the passenger transport executive for South Yorkshire in England. It is supervised by the Sheffield City Region Combined Authority, which consists of representatives from the metropolitan boroughs of Sheffield, Rotherham, Doncaster, and Barnsley. Between 1974 and 1994 it ran virtually all bus services in the county. From 1986 until 1993, buses were operated by an arms length company, South Yorkshire Transport, until a management buyout created the bus operating company Mainline Group. Shortly after Stagecoach purchased a 20% stake in the company, however this was sold in 1995 to FirstBus. SYPTE is responsible for all the bus stops, shelters and bus interchanges in the county, along with park & ride sites. It provides comprehensive public transport information at stops, in the form of timetable leaflets, information on the web and a telephone enquiry service called Traveline. SYPTE has a network of Information Centres providing information and ticketing. SYPTE administers the concessionary travel schemes for children and students, senior citizens and the mobility impaired and the countywide multi-modal ticket Travelmaster. It is responsible for various public transport services in the county, particularly the Sheffield Supertram and various subsidised bus services. The South Yorkshire public transport network, of which SYPTE is a key deliverer of passenger services, was re-branded as \"Travel South Yorkshire\" in 2006. Changes include the introduction of the \"YourNextBus\" scheme on all stops as well as LED departure boards on the towns most often run routes at certain stops. Travel South Yorkshire provides timetable information for all bus and train services within South Yorkshire. Some leaflets are available from Interchanges. Travel South Yorkshire's interchanges at Sheffield, Arundel Gate in Sheffield, Rotherham, Barnsley, Doncaster, Hillsborough and Dinnington provide information and advice about public transport in South Yorkshire."], "answer": {"text": "In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract.", "answer_start": 1072}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members or characters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the casting director?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment.", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the show when she left?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health,", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me more about this?", "answer": {"text": "Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten,", "answer_start": 774, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e9e36b0b810455c96e1f2f6b0848ab9_1_q#9", "question": "How was her return handled?", "rewrite": "How was Nina Tucker return handled?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bunyan said Jack would have taken the blame for the theft himself if Olivia had not been pressuring him. The following week, Jack found himself waking up in the gutter following yet another night out. He had no recollection of what happened and he was found and taken home by Max Hoyland (Stephen Lovatt) and Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Max became worried about Jack and told Steph about finding him. Steph then confronted Jack about his partying and her suspicion that he was taking drugs. Jack first arrives in Ramsay Street, much to the surprise and relief of his parents who had been notified by his coach in London that he has gone AWOL. Jack is on hand to support his sister Stephanie when her boyfriend Larry \"Woody\" Woodhouse (Andrew Curry) is forced to go into witness protection. When Jack tells his parents that he wants to give up the soccer and return to Australia permanently and follow his father Joe into the building trade, Joe devises a plan to make Jack change his mind. After realising he is not ideal for his father's line of work, Jack returns to London. The following year Jack returns, followed by his girlfriend Lori Lee and they settle into the Scully house. Not long after their arrival, Jack becomes attracted to Michelle's friend Nina Tucker when he and several other teens go on schoolies. Jack unwittingly lands the lead in Harold Bishop's play \"Mission Erinsborough\", which is directed by Lori and is cast opposite Nina, who is dating Taj Coppin. Jack and Nina begin meeting in secret and though both feel guilty, they can not resist the temptation. The truth is revealed after Nina dumps Taj and there is ill feeling for a while between the boys. A while later, Nina reveals to Jack she is still a virgin and wants him to be her first.", "Serena Bishop, played by Lara Sacher, made her first on-screen appearance on 9 October 2003 with her family. Serena is the daughter of David (Kevin Harrington) and Liljana Bishop (Marcella Russo). Sacher was sixteen when she was cast in the role of Serena. The part was her first professional acting job. Trixie Tucker, played by singer Wendy Stapleton, is the mother of Nina Tucker. She made her first screen appearance on 20 October 2003. Trixie was introduced as Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) mother and a love interest for Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver). Trixie arrives in Erinsborough after being dumped by her double act partner and Nina's father, Nick. Stapleton told \"Inside Soap\", \"It's a blow to Trixie's ego and it leaves her vulnerable. Her act is in ruins. She puts on a front, but underneath it all she is completely shattered.\" Lou Carpenter offers Trixie a solo gig at his pub as he likes her, but she cannot perform in public without Nick, so Nina helps out. Stapleton said that the performance enables Trixie to regain some confidence and she and Nina win the audience over. Stapleton also explained that Nina's relationship with her mother was complicated and there were issues between them. Stapleton and Goodrem did not get much of a chance to explore their characters' relationship, as Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma three weeks into the storyline. The scripts were changed so Nina was not as involved. Stapleton said, \"You'll see scenes where we pretend she is upstairs until we got the chance to sort it out properly.\" Trixie eventually went on to marry Lou. Stapleton reprised the role in 2016 for a brief guest stint. Trixie meets an unsuspecting Lou for a date.", "Summer meets a new boyfriend, Caleb Wilson (Joss Kasper), who gives her expensive gifts. Lisa does not believe that Caleb exists, but she is shocked when he turns up at school to meet Summer for lunch. Lisa is then humiliated when she tries to flirt with Caleb and he rejects her. Lisa begins hanging around with her boyfriend and she encourages Summer to smoke. Summer refuses and Lisa calls her a loser, ending their friendship. Summer starts hanging around with Penny Weinberg (Sally Kingsford) and Lisa steals Penny's diary and reads it out to everyone. Melody Jones, played by Robyn Arthur, made her first on-screen appearance on 13 June 2003. Melody is a talent manager whose clients included Robbie D (Khi Robertson) and a boy-band called Roger. Melody approaches Nina Tucker (Delta Goodrem) and asks her to sign with her after seeing her perform at Lou's Place. Nina contacts Melody to arrange a meeting and Melody tells her that she does not need her parents to be involved if she wants to sign up. Melody convinces Lou Carpenter (Tom Oliver) to give Nina a regular singing gig at the pub, so she can showcase her music. Nina agree to sign up, but she has to forge her mother's signature on the forms to keep her out of her work. Melody makes attempts to get Nina into the world of showbiz and she arranges for Nina to go to a movie premiere with Robbie D. Nina tries to pull out because she is dating Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan), but Melody tells her that it could be her big break and she goes. Robbie kisses Nina at the premiere and the moment is captured by a photographer. Melody points out that Nina's profile has been raised and she is taking bookings for interviews and gigs. After a few months, Melody tells Nina that she has a place on an Asian tour for her with", "Neighbours approached Goodrem about appearing in the show after they saw the video for her debut single, \"I Don't Care\"; she was offered the role of Nina Tucker in early 2002. Goodrem almost turned down the part because she was not happy with the character written for her. She had just signed a record deal with Sony Records and felt the part did not suit her music. The Neighbours producers agreed to rewrite the role of Nina for her. In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment. Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health, so there was no getting around it. There was absolutely no question of attempting to keep her working.\" Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten, and a new character, Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair), was created and introduced to cover Nina's planned storyline with Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey). In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract. Of her return, a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us. We can't wait for the days she's back on the set. This is where it all started for her.\" Goodrem told TV Week that it was important to her to tie up Nina's storylines and added: \"I really felt that Nina and myself had a lot of unfinished business there.\" Due to Goodrem's busy schedule, the producers made sure all her scenes were shot in three days.", "The BBC said Taj's most notable moment was \"His reaction to the news that Jack and Nina were having an affair.\" Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture said Taj was a character nobody cared about. Taj attends Erinsborough High and becomes the captain of the football team. He catches Nina Tucker's (Delta Goodrem) attention after she begins receiving mysterious text messages. When Nina receives a text message minutes after seeing Taj, she confronts him. However, Taj denies sending the messages. He and Nina decide to go out on a date though. When Nina gets a message asking to meet her at the rotunda, Taj tells her that he will go with her and hide in the bushes. Nina is surprised to see Taj with a picnic hamper and he reveals that he did send the messages. They go away to the beach and Nina asks if he has a girlfriend, because Michelle Scully (Kate Keltie) told her that he did. Taj explains that he was dating a girl called Allie, but she moved away. Taj gets involved in the community play building props and fails to notice the romantic tension between Nina and Jack Scully (Jay Bunyan). Allie (Jessica Monaghan) comes to stay with Taj's family for a while, which worries Nina. However, she meets Allie and realises that she has nothing to worry about and Taj tells Allie that they will always be friends. Taj then tells Jack that he really loves Nina. Taj believes his relationship with Nina is going well and he buys her a ring, but he is surprised when she does not accept it. Taj is shocked when Nina suddenly breaks up with him. He relies on Lori Lee (Michelle Ang) for support. While they are messing around at the local swimming pool, Lori slips and hits her head, resulting in her becoming paralysed."], "answer": {"text": "a spokesperson said \"We never thought we'd see her back. Her illness stunned us all and her vastly improved health now thrills us.", "answer_start": 1189}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who plays Nina Tucker as a cast?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are some other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Carmella Cammeniti (Natalie Blair", "answer_start": 937, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members?", "answer": {"text": "Connor O'Neill (Patrick Harvey", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other cast members or characters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the casting director?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In July 2003, Goodrem was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma and was forced to leave the show to begin treatment.", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the show when she left?", "answer": {"text": "Goodrem was written out of Neighbours, and script producer, Luke Devenish, said: \"She had to concentrate on her health,", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me more about this?", "answer": {"text": "Nina departed in October 2003, with an exit storyline that allowed for a return in the future. Three months' worth of scripts were rewritten,", "answer_start": 774, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she ever able to return?", "answer": {"text": "In March 2004, it was announced that Goodrem would be returning to Neighbours to finish her contract.", "answer_start": 1072, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ca4f7f82ae74f729665f64573f19eb7_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in 2009 to Beck?", "rewrite": "What happened in 2009 to Beck?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy  Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy, a non-profit organization located in suburban Philadelphia, is an international cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) training and resource center. It was founded in 1994 by Aaron T. Beck and his daughter Judith S. BeckD. Beck Institute offers training in CBT in a variety of forms. Its mission is \"improving lives worldwide through excellence in cognitive behavior therapy.\" Aaron T. Beck is currently Beck Institute's President Emeritus. He is recognized as the founder of cognitive therapy, one of the elements from which cognitive behavior therapy developed. His daughter, Judith Beck, is Beck Institute's current President. Aaron Beck is University Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania and continues to do research there, while Judith Beck is a Clinical Professor of Psychology in Psychiatry at the same university. Lisa Pote, MSW, is Beck Institute's Executive Director, and Allen R. Miller, PhD, MBA is Beck Institute's CBT Program Director. Among Beck Institute's training programs are Philadelphia Workshops held at the Beck Institute, On the Road Workshops held throughout the US, the Beck Institute Supervision program, and Training for Organizations in which Beck faculty travel around the world to teach. Beck Institute's workshops cover a variety of topics, including CBT for Depression, Anxiety, Personality Disorders, Youth, PTSD, Schizophrenia, and more. Beck Institute offers scholarships for therapists working with active duty military and veterans through their Soldier Suicide Prevention initiative and holds an annual scholarship competition for graduate students and faculty. Beck Institute also runs a clinic at its location in suburban Philadelphia.", "Skirden Beck Skirden Beck is a minor river in Lancashire, England (historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire). It is approximately long and has a catchment area of . The Beck is formed at the confluence of New Gill Beck and Grunsagill Beck and flows southward, being joined by Grainings Clough and then Monubent Beck (at \"Forest Becks\" near \"Skirden\"). After passing through Bolton-by-Bowland village it collects Bier Beck and Kirk Beck, before passing Bolton Mill. The confluence with Holden Beck occurs just before Skirden Beck falls into the River Ribble near \"Briery Bank Wood\". Holden Beck rises at \"Dugdales\" where Threap Green Brook (falling south from \"Ling Hill\" picks up another stream near \"Greenwoods\") and flows southwards to its confluence with Skirden Beck. Through \"Alder House Wood\" and \"Clough Wood\", between \"Mear Gill Top\" and \"Holden\", this stream takes the name Mear Gill. Like Skirden Beck, Kirk Beck flows through \"Bolton-by-Bowland\". Prior to this, it is known as Fox Gill Beck (\"Fox Ghyll\" is just to the north of Bolton-by-Bowland). Fox Gill Beck rises near \"Monubent\". Bier Beck rises just above \"Big Holme\". Monubent Beck flows west then north, joining Skirden Beck at \"Forest Becks\". It is swollen by Hen Gill Beck, itself picking up Agden Beck, known above \"Mere Syke Bridge\" as Mere Syke. Grunsagill Beck and New Gill Beck meet near \"Brackenhurst\". Grunsagill Beck, before \"Grunsagill\" is known as Tosside Beck.", "Harden Beck Harden Beck is a stream that flows from Hewenden Reservoir, over Goit Stock Waterfall to the River Aire in Bingley, West Yorkshire. The route starts out further up the valley as Denholme Beck, Hewenden Beck and Hallas Beck. Its waters are fed by Thornton Moor Reservoir, Stubden Reservoir, Doe Park Reservoir and Hewenden Reservoir. Harden Beck is an overflow channel of Glacial Erosion which was carved out during the last Ice Age. The section after the waterfall down to the bridge under the road to Wilsden, is locally referred to as 'The Hidden Valley.' Mapping lists Harden Beck as starting where Hallas Beck and Cow House Beck meet, but documents from Bradford Council and the Yorkshire Invasive Species Forum list the beck as starting at the dam head from Hewenden reservoir In his book, \"Chronicles of Old Bingley\", Harry Speight says that the Beck does start at the confluence of Hallas and Cow House Becks and that Harden Beck was a dividing line in the parishes, deaneries and the Wapentakes. In a book on the place names of West Yorkshire, Harden and Harden Beck are listed as \"Heredene, Heredenbroc\" and \"Hardenbrok\" which translates as either Rock Valley or Hare Valley Beck. In the \"Topographical Dictionary of England\", Lewis describes the Beck as \"powerful Harden Beck, which abounds with trout, runs through a hamlet, and propels the machinery of three worsted mills in which the greater part of the population is employed.\" There were actually six mills on the beck; (from upstream down) Hewenden Mill, Bents Mill, Hallas Bridge Mill, Goit Stock Mill, Harden Bridge Mill and Beckfoot Mill. Hewenden, Bents and Beckfoot mills have all since been converted into private accommodation buildings.", "When he returned, Day alleged that he overheard Beck talking loudly and looked in a window to observe Beck struggling with Mrs. Day, and that she later claimed Beck had taken advantage of the opportunity to embrace her against her will and make sexual advances to her. Day stated he went into the house and either because as an army officer Beck might be armed, or because Beck was of an imposing physical stature, immediately went upstairs to obtain a revolver for self-protection. When he came downstairs, Beck appeared to have departed but Day found him hiding behind a partially closed porti\u00e8re. When Beck emerged, Day alleged that he approached him to compel him to leave his home and that Beck drew back his fist. Day claimed that he struck Beck over the head with the barrel of his gun, an old single-action revolver, which accidentally discharged. Beck's skull was severely fractured, either by the blow or the impact of a bullet fragment, raising doubts about what happened. Pieces of his skull were recovered eight feet (2.4 m) from the body. County Attorney Forrest Hughes questioned the truthfulness of Day's statements, made at the coroner's inquest on April 9 and also in interviews with reporters (which accounted for the differing claims about why he had obtained the pistol), and raised the possibility that Day had argued violently with his wife shortly before he drove their guests home over attention she had paid Beck. Both he and Sheriff Ben Dancy claimed that Beck, shot in the back of the head, could not have been facing Day as claimed by Day when struck with the gun. The Army assigned a board of three officers stationed at Post Field to attend the inquest, investigate the circumstances, and report their findings to the Secretary of War.", "Meanwood Beck The Meanwood Beck is a stream in West Yorkshire, England, which flows southwards through Adel, Meanwood and Sheepscar into the River Aire in central Leeds. Different portions of the same watercourse have been referred to as Adel Beck, Carr Beck, Lady Beck, Mabgate Beck, Sheepscar Beck, Timble Beck or Wortley Beck. The Meanwood Valley Trail footpath follows the line of the beck for much of its course. The ultimate source of the water is Otley Chevin and the Marsh Beck feeds into what is now the Wildfowl Lake (formerly the Black Hill Dam) in Golden Acre Park. According to Ordnance Survey, it is called Adel Beck from the outflow of the lake down to the A6120 Ring Road, then beyond this is the Meanwood Beck. John Cossins' 1775 plan of Leeds shows Sheepscar Beck as essentially the East limits of the town at the time, Adel being some distance away and Meanwood still a wood. It became the Lady Beck from Quarry Hill to the River Aire. It is of historical importance because it deposited silt into the River Aire. Along with the Hol Beck doing the same from the South-West nearby it led to a fording place and a small community which eventually grew into the town of Leeds. The beck was previously a source of water for the village of Headingley and two of its earliest bridges led straight to it. The beck carries a much reduced volume of water over recent years as water is collected instead into the many drains in the centre of one of Britain's largest cities. Meanwood Beck runs through Meanwood Park and Woodhouse Ridge. It provides water and drainage for Meanwood Valley Urban Farm. In the 16th to 18th centuries it provided power for corn mills."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5ca4f7f82ae74f729665f64573f19eb7_1_q#1", "question": "What was the record club?", "rewrite": "What was Beck's The Record Club?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Mutations\" (1998) and \"Midnite Vultures\" (1999) maintained the eclectic sound Beck had become known for and saw favorable reviews with continued chart success. In 2002, \"Sea Change\" was released to considerable praise from both fans and critics, becoming Beck's first US Top 10 album, supported by a tour that featured The Flaming Lips as his backing band. Beck issued \"Guero\" on March 29, 2005, which would become his most successfully charting album to date, reaching #2 on the US \"Billboard\" 200. The album's first single \"E-Pro\" topped the \"Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart, a feat not achieved by any Beck song since \"Loser\", over a decade earlier. Two additional US Top 10 albums followed, including \"The Information\" (2006) and \"Modern Guilt\" (2008), the latter of which gave Beck his first ever Top 10 placing on the UK Albums Chart. His next album, \"Morning Phase\" (2014), won him the 2015 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The following releases include contributions from Beck as a producer, songwriter and/or performer. The following releases feature songs that have been remixed by Beck. In 2009, Beck founded Record Club, an informal meeting of various musicians with the goal of recording an album in one day. To date, albums covered include:  The following is a list of Beck songs that have appeared on film and television soundtracks. The following is a list of non-album tracks by Beck that have appeared on compilations, including tributes and samplers.", "The Columbia Record Club was also notable in continuing to issue product in formats no longer available on the commercial market. After the major record labels quit releasing albums on reel to reel tape format, Columbia still continued to make select new titles available on reel tape up until 1984. 1982 was the approximate year the 8-track tape disappeared from record stores yet Columbia continued to release new titles in the format until 1988 and finally after the major record labels abandoned the vinyl LP format in 1989, Columbia issued select new titles on vinyl until 1992. In all three cases, the new releases on the abandoned formats were usually limited to the new \"Selection of the Month\" title (although the country music Selection of the Month had never been available on reel tape unless the album had possible crossover appeal to the Pop/Rock or Easy Listening club members). By the early 1970s, \"Columbia House\" had become an overarching brand for the various divisions, led by the Columbia Record Club, later renamed the Columbia Record & Tape Club. By 1975, membership was over 3 million. In 1982, the CBS Video Club, which had formed the previous year as the CBS Video Library, became part of the Columbia House family. Also, during that same time period, Columbia House and The Cannon Group founded the UK-exclusive mail-order VHS distribution service Videolog. Sony acquired the CBS Records Group, including Columbia House, in 1988, then at 6 million members. Bertelsmann Music Group had recently acquired RCA Records and changed the name of Columbia House's only surviving rival, RCA Music Service (formerly RCA Victor Record Club), to BMG Music Service. In 1991, the CBS Records Group was renamed as Sony Music Entertainment and Sony sold half of Columbia House to Time Warner and merged in Time-Life's video and music clubs. Membership was over 10 million at the end of that year.", "Beck's Record Club Record Club is a musical project initiated by Beck Hansen in June 2009. The purpose of the project is to cover an entire album by another artist in one day, using an informal and fluid collective of musicians. Albums covered as of July 2010 are The Velvet Underground's \"The Velvet Underground & Nico\", Leonard Cohen's \"Songs of Leonard Cohen\", Skip Spence's \"Oar\", INXS's \"Kick\", and Yanni's \"Yanni Live at the Acropolis\". Video footage of every performance has been made available on Beck's website.", "By the end of that year, the club had 125,175 members who had purchased 700,000 records ($1.174 million net). The operation grew so quickly that, in 1956, it was moved from New York City to a new home base: a distribution center in Terre Haute, Indiana, a railway-accessible city where Columbia had recently opened a record pressing facility. Within a year, the club had 687,652 members and had sold 7 million records ($14.888 million net) and, by 1963, it commanded 10% of the recorded music retail market. In the late 1950s, both RCA Victor and Capitol Records began licensing programs of their own, but the three record clubs rarely allowed any of their own labels' releases to be marketed by rivals. For example, Columbia recordings were not available from the RCA Victor Record Club, and RCA recordings were unavailable through the Columbia Record Club. In 1958, facing the loss of members who wanted a wider variety of records, the club began manufacturing and marketing records for certain competing labels (including Verve, Mercury, Warner Bros., Kapp, Vanguard, United Artists, and Liberty). Rival clubs operated by RCA and Capitol offered only their own labels' products at the time. Licensors were guaranteed a minimum number of sales, but were held to exclusive, restrictive contracts, which led to price-fixing allegations against the club in 1962, followed by 7 years of mostly ineffective litigation. The licensing program continued and expanded in the 1960s as the music industry grew and changed. The Columbia Record Club began marketing stereo records and equipment in 1959, reel-to-reel recordings (via the Columbia Reel-To-Reel Club) in 1960, 8-track cartridges (via the Columbia Cartridge Club) in 1966, and cassettes (via the Columbia Cassette Club) in 1969.", "Modern Guilt was the final release in Beck's contract with Geffen Records. Beck, then 38, had held the contract since his early 20s. Released from his label contract and going independent, Beck began working more heavily on his own seven-year-old label, which went through a variety of names. His focus on smaller, more quixotic projects, Beck moonlighted as a producer, working with artists such as Charlotte Gainsbourg, Thurston Moore and Stephen Malkmus. Beck worked for five or six days a week at the small studio on his property in Malibu, and founded Record Club, a project whereby an entire classic album--by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni--would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day. Beck provided four songs for the film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), each attributed to the title character's fictional band, Sex Bob-Omb. Beck also collaborated with Philip Glass, Jack White, Tobacco of Black Moth Super Rainbow, Jamie Lidell, Seu Jorge, Childish Gambino, and The Lonely Island. Song Reader, a project Beck released in December 2012, is 20 songs presented only as sheet music, in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions. The idea of Song Reader came about nearly fifteen years prior, shortly after the release of Odelay. When sent a book of transcribed sheet music for that album, Beck decided to play through it and grew interested in the world before recorded sound. He aimed to keep the arrangements as open as possible, to re-create the simplicity of the standards, and became preoccupied with creating only pieces that could fit within the Great American Songbook."], "answer": {"text": "an entire classic album--by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni--would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day.", "answer_start": 588}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2009 to Beck?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ca4f7f82ae74f729665f64573f19eb7_1_q#2", "question": "What was the song reader?", "rewrite": "What was Beck's Song Reader?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Song Reader Song Reader is a book of sheet music by the American alternative music artist Beck released on December 11, 2012. The book includes 20 songs worth of sheet music and more than 100 pages of art. The book's publisher, McSweeney's, also announced that versions of the songs performed by other musicians will be featured on its website. Links to YouTube and SoundCloud performances of the songs can be contributed to the official web site for the project. Beck began working on the project in 2004. In 2013 Beck played three concerts with a variety of guests featuring the \"Song Reader\" material. He released a record of \"Song Reader\" with other musicians in 2014, and plans to release a compilation of fan versions. Rolling Stone named it 50th on their list of 50 best albums of 2013. The official CD was released on 29 July 2014 with featuring various artists.", "Modern Guilt was the final release in Beck's contract with Geffen Records. Beck, then 38, had held the contract since his early 20s. Released from his label contract and going independent, Beck began working more heavily on his own seven-year-old label, which went through a variety of names. His focus on smaller, more quixotic projects, Beck moonlighted as a producer, working with artists such as Charlotte Gainsbourg, Thurston Moore and Stephen Malkmus. Beck worked for five or six days a week at the small studio on his property in Malibu, and founded Record Club, a project whereby an entire classic album--by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni--would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day. Beck provided four songs for the film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), each attributed to the title character's fictional band, Sex Bob-Omb. Beck also collaborated with Philip Glass, Jack White, Tobacco of Black Moth Super Rainbow, Jamie Lidell, Seu Jorge, Childish Gambino, and The Lonely Island. Song Reader, a project Beck released in December 2012, is 20 songs presented only as sheet music, in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions. The idea of Song Reader came about nearly fifteen years prior, shortly after the release of Odelay. When sent a book of transcribed sheet music for that album, Beck decided to play through it and grew interested in the world before recorded sound. He aimed to keep the arrangements as open as possible, to re-create the simplicity of the standards, and became preoccupied with creating only pieces that could fit within the Great American Songbook.", "Song Reader: The Musical  Song Reader: The Musical is a stage production with music by Beck, and book and arrangements by Harvey Droke and Daniel Hornal, which premiered at the Capital Fringe Festival in Washington, D.C. in 2016. The music is arrangements from \"Song Reader\", a 2012 Beck concept album released only in sheet music form. A conservative mother and father are praising their young soldier at a farewell gathering the night before his deployment to war ( America Here's My Boy). The soldier's friends pressure the soldier to have some fun. (Do We \u2013 We Do) Wanting to adhere to his father's moral standards he rejects his friends temptations but eventually gives in to his friends desire to go to a strip club, Old Shanghai (Old Shanghai). On the way to the strip club, they run into a pervert who is trying to get into the club but is quickly removed by the bouncer. The bouncer has reservations about military people and patronizes them upon entering (Leave Your Razors at the Door). In the club, after Whorenet sings (Change your shoes) Larcen, the club owner, introduces the headline dancer, Ziz (Ziz) who does a dance number (Won't you Fondle Me). Completely engulfed with Ziz's beauty, the soldier requests to meet her after the show to which he is rejected by the overly protective Larcen but the pervert manages to arrange it (Get The Money) via sneaking him up to her changing room. Alone in Ziz's room, the soldier expresses to Ziz his love for her. (Us Midnight Stars). He pursues her (If You Come into My Garden of Love) until they have sex. Afterwards, he promises to come back for her when he returns from the war", "In 2013 Beck began playing special Song Reader concerts with a variety of guests and announced he was working on a record of Song Reader material with other musicians as well as possibly a compilation of fan versions. In the summer of 2013, Beck was reported to be working on two new studio albums: one a more self-contained acoustic disc in the vein of One Foot in the Grave and another described as a \"proper follow-up\" to Modern Guilt. Beck expected to release both albums independently, and released two standalone singles over the course of the summer: the electro ballad \"Defriended\" and the chorus-heavy \"I Won't Be Long\". A third single, \"Gimme\", appeared on September 17.", "Royal Canoe Royal Canoe is a Canadian indie pop band from Winnipeg and Steinbach, Manitoba. The band formed in 2010 from members of Manitoba bands The Waking Eyes, The Liptonians and TELE. They have toured with Alt-J and Bombay Bicycle Club. In 2014, Royal Canoe was nominated for Alternative Album of the Year at the Juno Awards. They also opened for Bombay Bicycle Club on their So Long, See You Tomorrow tour. On 2 February 2013 Royal Canoe performed Beck's Song Reader project in full at the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra's New Music Festival. (Beck released Song Reader on sheet music without a recorded version.) In 2016, keyboardist Matthew Schellenberg composed, performed and produced songs for the soundtrack to the film \"Lovesick\". At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017, he received a nomination for Best Original Song for \"Draw Blood\". Matt Peters along with Tom Keenan formed the Winnipeg Chamber-pop ensemble Heavy Bell. In January 2018 they released the album \"By Grand Central Station\", a tribute to Canadian author Elizabeth Smart's 1945 novel \"By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept.\""], "answer": {"text": "20 songs presented only as sheet music, in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions.", "answer_start": 1091}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2009 to Beck?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the record club?", "answer": {"text": "an entire classic album--by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni--would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day.", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ca4f7f82ae74f729665f64573f19eb7_1_q#3", "question": "Did it say any of the 20 songs?", "rewrite": "Did Beck's Song Reader say any of the 20 songs?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Song Reader Song Reader is a book of sheet music by the American alternative music artist Beck released on December 11, 2012. The book includes 20 songs worth of sheet music and more than 100 pages of art. The book's publisher, McSweeney's, also announced that versions of the songs performed by other musicians will be featured on its website. Links to YouTube and SoundCloud performances of the songs can be contributed to the official web site for the project. Beck began working on the project in 2004. In 2013 Beck played three concerts with a variety of guests featuring the \"Song Reader\" material. He released a record of \"Song Reader\" with other musicians in 2014, and plans to release a compilation of fan versions. Rolling Stone named it 50th on their list of 50 best albums of 2013. The official CD was released on 29 July 2014 with featuring various artists.", "Song Reader: The Musical  Song Reader: The Musical is a stage production with music by Beck, and book and arrangements by Harvey Droke and Daniel Hornal, which premiered at the Capital Fringe Festival in Washington, D.C. in 2016. The music is arrangements from \"Song Reader\", a 2012 Beck concept album released only in sheet music form. A conservative mother and father are praising their young soldier at a farewell gathering the night before his deployment to war ( America Here's My Boy). The soldier's friends pressure the soldier to have some fun. (Do We \u2013 We Do) Wanting to adhere to his father's moral standards he rejects his friends temptations but eventually gives in to his friends desire to go to a strip club, Old Shanghai (Old Shanghai). On the way to the strip club, they run into a pervert who is trying to get into the club but is quickly removed by the bouncer. The bouncer has reservations about military people and patronizes them upon entering (Leave Your Razors at the Door). In the club, after Whorenet sings (Change your shoes) Larcen, the club owner, introduces the headline dancer, Ziz (Ziz) who does a dance number (Won't you Fondle Me). Completely engulfed with Ziz's beauty, the soldier requests to meet her after the show to which he is rejected by the overly protective Larcen but the pervert manages to arrange it (Get The Money) via sneaking him up to her changing room. Alone in Ziz's room, the soldier expresses to Ziz his love for her. (Us Midnight Stars). He pursues her (If You Come into My Garden of Love) until they have sex. Afterwards, he promises to come back for her when he returns from the war", "Modern Guilt was the final release in Beck's contract with Geffen Records. Beck, then 38, had held the contract since his early 20s. Released from his label contract and going independent, Beck began working more heavily on his own seven-year-old label, which went through a variety of names. His focus on smaller, more quixotic projects, Beck moonlighted as a producer, working with artists such as Charlotte Gainsbourg, Thurston Moore and Stephen Malkmus. Beck worked for five or six days a week at the small studio on his property in Malibu, and founded Record Club, a project whereby an entire classic album--by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni--would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day. Beck provided four songs for the film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), each attributed to the title character's fictional band, Sex Bob-Omb. Beck also collaborated with Philip Glass, Jack White, Tobacco of Black Moth Super Rainbow, Jamie Lidell, Seu Jorge, Childish Gambino, and The Lonely Island. Song Reader, a project Beck released in December 2012, is 20 songs presented only as sheet music, in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions. The idea of Song Reader came about nearly fifteen years prior, shortly after the release of Odelay. When sent a book of transcribed sheet music for that album, Beck decided to play through it and grew interested in the world before recorded sound. He aimed to keep the arrangements as open as possible, to re-create the simplicity of the standards, and became preoccupied with creating only pieces that could fit within the Great American Songbook.", "In 2013 Beck began playing special Song Reader concerts with a variety of guests and announced he was working on a record of Song Reader material with other musicians as well as possibly a compilation of fan versions. In the summer of 2013, Beck was reported to be working on two new studio albums: one a more self-contained acoustic disc in the vein of One Foot in the Grave and another described as a \"proper follow-up\" to Modern Guilt. Beck expected to release both albums independently, and released two standalone singles over the course of the summer: the electro ballad \"Defriended\" and the chorus-heavy \"I Won't Be Long\". A third single, \"Gimme\", appeared on September 17.", "Royal Canoe Royal Canoe is a Canadian indie pop band from Winnipeg and Steinbach, Manitoba. The band formed in 2010 from members of Manitoba bands The Waking Eyes, The Liptonians and TELE. They have toured with Alt-J and Bombay Bicycle Club. In 2014, Royal Canoe was nominated for Alternative Album of the Year at the Juno Awards. They also opened for Bombay Bicycle Club on their So Long, See You Tomorrow tour. On 2 February 2013 Royal Canoe performed Beck's Song Reader project in full at the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra's New Music Festival. (Beck released Song Reader on sheet music without a recorded version.) In 2016, keyboardist Matthew Schellenberg composed, performed and produced songs for the soundtrack to the film \"Lovesick\". At the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017, he received a nomination for Best Original Song for \"Draw Blood\". Matt Peters along with Tom Keenan formed the Winnipeg Chamber-pop ensemble Heavy Bell. In January 2018 they released the album \"By Grand Central Station\", a tribute to Canadian author Elizabeth Smart's 1945 novel \"By Grand Central Station I Sat Down and Wept.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2009 to Beck?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the record club?", "answer": {"text": "an entire classic album--by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni--would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day.", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the song reader?", "answer": {"text": "20 songs presented only as sheet music, in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions.", "answer_start": 1091, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5ca4f7f82ae74f729665f64573f19eb7_1_q#4", "question": "Who produces his albums?", "rewrite": "Who produces Beck's albums?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thus, in seven years, the same brewery had three different names. In addition, the name City Brewery was frequently used. The first logos used for the San Antonio Brewing Company/Association even featured the name City Brewery in the logo. City Brewery was carried over from the Behloradsky days and was used until the beginning of Prohibition in 1918. During these name changes, the brewery found the product that would become their signature brew. Pearl beer was formulated and first brewed in Bremen, Germany, by the Kaiser \u2013Beck Brewery, which produces Beck's beer. Pearl beer's name came from Kaiser\u2013Beck's brewmaster, who thought the foamy bubbles in a freshly poured glass of the brew resembled sparkling pearls. In Germany, the brew was called \"\"Perle\"\". When brought to the United States, the spelling was changed to English: Pearl. In 1886, the first bottles and wooden kegs of American Pearl beer rolled off the line and into local tap rooms. In 1902, Otto Koehler took the helm of the brewery, leaving his position as manager at the Lone Star Brewing Company to become president and manager of the San Antonio Brewing Association. Under Otto's leadership, the brewery set in motion strategic plans to grow in physical size, as well as beer output. The San Antonio Brewing Association went from a microbrewery that produced enough output for local residents and businesses to a strong competitor to the much larger Lone Star Brewing Company. Koehler was one of the first residents to build in the newly opened Laurel Heights section of San Antonio. The hill on which Koehler built his home, now known as the Koehler Cultural Center, provided a clear view of the city skyline and, of course, included an unobstructed view of the San Antonio Brewing Association's City Brewery.", "Skirden Beck Skirden Beck is a minor river in Lancashire, England (historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire). It is approximately long and has a catchment area of . The Beck is formed at the confluence of New Gill Beck and Grunsagill Beck and flows southward, being joined by Grainings Clough and then Monubent Beck (at \"Forest Becks\" near \"Skirden\"). After passing through Bolton-by-Bowland village it collects Bier Beck and Kirk Beck, before passing Bolton Mill. The confluence with Holden Beck occurs just before Skirden Beck falls into the River Ribble near \"Briery Bank Wood\". Holden Beck rises at \"Dugdales\" where Threap Green Brook (falling south from \"Ling Hill\" picks up another stream near \"Greenwoods\") and flows southwards to its confluence with Skirden Beck. Through \"Alder House Wood\" and \"Clough Wood\", between \"Mear Gill Top\" and \"Holden\", this stream takes the name Mear Gill. Like Skirden Beck, Kirk Beck flows through \"Bolton-by-Bowland\". Prior to this, it is known as Fox Gill Beck (\"Fox Ghyll\" is just to the north of Bolton-by-Bowland). Fox Gill Beck rises near \"Monubent\". Bier Beck rises just above \"Big Holme\". Monubent Beck flows west then north, joining Skirden Beck at \"Forest Becks\". It is swollen by Hen Gill Beck, itself picking up Agden Beck, known above \"Mere Syke Bridge\" as Mere Syke. Grunsagill Beck and New Gill Beck meet near \"Brackenhurst\". Grunsagill Beck, before \"Grunsagill\" is known as Tosside Beck.", "Radio Cluj Radio Cluj is a Romanian public radio station from Cluj-Napoca, broadcasting throughout Transylvania. It features Romanian and Hungarian language programmes.", "Borsod Brewery Borsodi Brewery or Brewery of Borsod (Borsodi S\u00f6rgy\u00e1r Rt.) is a brewery located in the village of B\u0151cs, near Miskolc, the capital of Borsod-Aba\u00faj-Zempl\u00e9n county in northeastern Hungary. Construction of a 22,000 m\u00b2 brewery began in 1969 in the village of B\u0151cs, Hungary. The brewery began producing beer in 1973 with initial production of 874,000 hl. In 1991 after the fall of communism, the brewery was privatized and in 1993 it was purchased by the Belgian Interbrew (now InBev). The purchase of the brewery led to significant improvements in several aspects of brewing including higher quality, use of improved technology, and better product development. Although the company has been under foreign ownership since 1993, it still produces a line of Hungarian beers in addition to some foreign beers brewed under license. In mid October 2009, private equity fund CVC Capital Partners bought all of Anheuser\u2013 Busch InBev's holdings in Central Europe (including Borsod) for \u20ac2.23 billion. They renamed the operations StarBev. In 2012, the StarBev Group was taken over by Molson Coors Brewing Company, an American-Canadian brewing company which is the fifth biggest brewer in the world. As of October 2005, \"Borsodi S\u00f6rgy\u00e1r\" produces 5 kinds of Hungarian beer. The beers are well known throughout Hungary. \"Borsodi S\u00f6rgy\u00e1r\" also produces Beck's and Stella Artois under license. In addition to the beers it brews on site, \"Borsodi S\u00f6rgy\u00e1r\" sells and distributes Belle-vue Kriek, Hoegaarden, Leffe, and Staropramen in Hungary.", "Bordetella ansorpii Bordetella ansorpii is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative bacterium from the genus \"Bordetella\" which has been isolated from the purulent exudate of an epidermal cyst of an immunocompromised patient. A 16S rRNA gene analysis has confirmed \"B. ansorpii\" belongs to this genus."], "answer": {"text": "Geffen Records.", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2009 to Beck?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the record club?", "answer": {"text": "an entire classic album--by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni--would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day.", "answer_start": 588, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the song reader?", "answer": {"text": "20 songs presented only as sheet music, in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions.", "answer_start": 1091, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it say any of the 20 songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e5b3ec2e884ba7a28121d3bf08c55a_0_q#0", "question": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "rewrite": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Adalberto Mart\u00ednez Adalberto Mart\u00ednez Ch\u00e1vez (25 January 1916 \u2013 April 4, 2003), better known in the entertainment world as Resortes, was a renowned Mexican actor. Known primarily for his talent as a comedian, Resortes was also a dancer. Resortes, who began his career as a member of a circus, made his motion picture debut in 1946. He participated in more than 50 Mexican movies throughout his career, and he also participated in many television series. Many of his best films he made were \"El Rey de M\u00e9xico\" (\"The King of Mexico\"), \"El Cartero del Barrio\", \"Al son del mambo\" (\"To the Mambo's Rhythm\") and \"El Futbolista Fen\u00f3meno\" (\"The Phenomenal Soccer Player\"). But one of his most famous movies was \"La Ni\u00f1a de la Mochila Azul\" (\"The Girl With the Blue Back Pack\"). That movie also had a sequel, \"La Ni\u00f1a de la Mochila Azul 2\" (\"The Girl With the Blue Back Pack 2\"). Those two movies in particular became two of the largest teen movie hits in Mexican movie history and helped Resortes gain familiarity among the younger generations during the 1980s. Resortes was hospitalized with emphysema on April 3, 2003 and died on April 4. His nephew is the international artist Alex Martinez.", "He has worked with famous names in the industry like Javed Akhtar, Sonu Nigam, KK, Shaan, Sunidhi Chauhan, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan & Asha Bhosale. With Javed Akhtar on albums like Tum Yaad Aayein, Tum Aayein & Shayarana With Sonu Nigam on Sapne ki Baat, Mera dil chahe & Koi baat nahi. With KK on O Jaana in With Sunidhi Chauhan on Aira Gaira Nathu Khaira. List of albums Raju Singh has worked with one of the renowned banners Vishesh Films, he has worked on a total of 25 films within a decade with Mahesh Bhatt & Mukesh Bhatt. Some of the famous films that he worked on are Tum Mile, Jannat 2, Murder 2, Khamoshiyan, City Lights, Mr. X & Crook He has also worked on all the films directed by director Mohit Suri, some of which includes names like Aashiqui 2, Hamari Adhuri Kahani & Ek Villain. With director Madhur Bhandarkar he has worked on famous movies like Chandni Bar, Traffic Signal & Page 3 With T-Series, he has worked on movies like Yaariyan, Sanam Re & Junooniyat. Raju Singh also worked on Punjab 1984 which won a National Award. Raju Singh started his career in TV title songs from the TV Serial Dekh Bhai Dekh produced by Jaya Bachchan in 1993 then there has been no looking today he has given music to nearly 125 serial's amounting to more than 12000 episodes.", "During a talent show scene one of the characters performs a version of Movieoke (though does not mention the word movieoke). Vincent Gallo's character Paul Leger performs a step by step remake of the famous crop dusting scene from Alfred Hitchcock's \"North by Northwest\" as the film is projected over him on stage. Slightly different from East Village Movieoke in that the sound of the film is still present, Gallo syncs with the actor's dialog on stage. Since these early Movieoke events, other businesses have cropped up which make technological advances allowing for people to enact Movieoke on their home computer, one such company is KaraMovie Inc., who introduced the MoXie Player in 2006 which provides the means to receive movieoke content via the internet. Released in November 2008, the Xbox 360 Game \"You're in The Movies\" could be considered the latest incarnation of the movieoke theme. While players do not reenact scenes from famous movies, but rather direct and act in their own films\u2014much of the actions and verisimilitude is the same as Movieoke. Live Movieoke events for the public still take place periodically around the world.", "Mehboob Alam (actor)  Mehboob Alam (14 March 1948 \u2013 18 March 1994) was a Pakistani actor best known for his role in the epic Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) drama serial, Waris (1979-1982). He played the role of Chaudhry Hashmat Khan in that drama serial. He also acted in another popular PTV drama Andhera Ujala (1984-1985 season of PTV). Mehboob Alam acted in 38 movies, 12 Urdu, 15 Punjabi and 11 Sindhi language movies. Some of his famous movies were Sooarth (Sindhi - 1973), Rut Ja Ristha, Dharti La Kunwar (1975) and Dharti Dilwaran Jee (Sindhi - 1975), Shehzor (Sindhi - 1976), films \"Khak-o-Khoon\" (Urdu - 1979), Chan Varyam (1981 Guest appearance in film), Fatafat (Punjabi - 1981), Khan Balouch (Punjabi - 1985) and Darya Khan (Sindhi - 1991). He died on 18 March 1994 in Karachi, Pakistan at age 46.", "Gleason, an avid golfer, in part moved his show to Miami Beach so he could play his favorite sport year round. In order to sustain successful TV shows and movies, the film and entertainment industry began to build infrastructure in South Florida. Studios, film labs, and camera rental facilities were set up in Miami to support the new entertainment industry. The show \"Flipper\" was filmed at Ivan Tors Studios, which subsequently became Greenwich Studios and is still in operation today. Ivan Tors, Continental Film Labs, and the Cinetech camera rental house formed the backbone of the new production industry. The '60s helped establish Miami as a legitimate location for new media with proper facilities and a talented pool of workers. The 1970s and 1980s films reflected the decline of the Miami dream. Famous movies such as \"Scarface\", \"Lenny\", \"Deep Throat\", \"Body Heat\", \"Black Sunday\", and \"Godfather II\" focused on corruption, sex and violence. During the 1980s, Miami had a negative image despite its naturally beautiful environment. The Mariel boatlift cast thousands of unemployed Cuban immigrants into the city, among them many criminals. The city suffered racial tension and the infamous Liberty City riots. The drug culture was rampant and \"Cocaine Cowboy\" violence spread. \"Miami Vice\", one of the most famous Miami based television shows, premiered in 1984. It was produced by Michael Mann based on creator Anthony Yerkovich's idea of \"MTV cops.\" Miami Vice both amplified the area's negative image and helped redefine Miami as a city. Viewers saw the beautiful landscapes and buildings and fell in love with the look. The show was filmed in stereophonic sound with many popular songs from the 1980s which helped create an atmosphere that romanticized Miami. Viewers saw Miami as America's Casablanca - alluring, exotic and a little dangerous. \""], "answer": {"text": "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 68}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e5e5b3ec2e884ba7a28121d3bf08c55a_0_q#1", "question": "What was he famous for", "rewrite": "What was Grant famous for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lasbela Bridge Lasbela bridge (Urdu: \u067e\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647 ) is located in Lasbela neighborhood of Liaquatabad Town, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The Lasbela bridge is over Lyari River and one of the most important bridges in Karachi. Jam of Lasbela () was ruler of Las Bela State in Balochistan of Pakistan. Jam of Lasbela had one of his official residence or consulate near the Lyari River before independence of Pakistan. The area got associated with Jam of Lasbela and was known as Lasbela. The newly built bridge in the area over the Lyari River came to be known as Lasbela bridge.", "The largest of the Transtectors was uncovered by Giga and Mega, who came to serve Devil Z and located two further Transtectors for Buster and Hydra. When a young truck driver named Ginrai rented the Transtector truck from the garage owner who possessed it, he discovered a set of Master-Braces - the metallic bracelets which endow humans with the Masterforce - within it, merging with the Transtector to become the first Autobot Godmaster. His Transtector later activated on its own, locating its secondary portion buried beneath a mountain in Japan, which took the form of a trailer to go along with the cab, allowing Ginrai to merge the two sections to become Super Ginrai. Subsequently, the race began to locate the remaining Godmasters, which Ginrai kicked off by appearing on television to appeal to individuals for a lead. When Lightfoot contacted him, Ginrai soon helped his discover that British Motors' signature car, which his father had constructed and gifted to him, was his Transtector. Investigating the Rockies at Lightfoot's suggestion, the Autobots met with Ranger; when he was given Master-Braces, his Transtector took the form of a dune buggy. The fourth Autobot Godmaster was racing champ, Road King, whose race car was his Transtector, which had been given to him by his mentor. The final Godmaster, Doubleclouder, did not appear for some time afterward, but no explanation for how he discovered the final Transtector was offered. At the conclusion of the series, Buster and Hydra, seeking to discard the humanity that they believe makes them weak, are permanently fused with their Transtectors, becoming wholly robotic beings. Giga, Mega and Clouder are forcibly separated from their Transtectors by Devil Z, who brings the Transtectors to life himself.", "Theodore Roosevelt Jr.'s \"attacks on the Governor of this State and your abortive attempts to associate him with any responsibility for commercialized vice.\" Malone continued his divorce practice until 1935, when he declared bankruptcy in New York and moved to Westwood, Los Angeles in California. He claimed his debts consisted mostly of sums owed to personal friends, including William K. Vanderbilt, Edward F. Hutton and the late Otto H. Kahn. He served as counsel to 20th Century Fox, and appeared in a few movies as a character actor. As Malone bore a strong resemblance to Winston Churchill, he was called on to play Churchill in the film adaptation of Joseph E. Davies's book \"Mission to Moscow\" (1943). On November 14, 1908, he married May Patricia O'Gorman (1884\u20131961), daughter of Judge and U.S. Senator James Aloysius O'Gorman, at the Church of the Ascension on West 107th Street in New York City. May served overseas with the Red Cross during World War I and later worked with Anne Morgan to restore devastated regions in France. After living apart for several years, she obtained a divorce from him in Paris in 1921. A few months after his divorce, he married writer and suffragette activist Doris Stevens (1888\u20131963) on December 9, 1921 in Peekskill, New York. Doris was the first female member of the American Institute of International Law and first chair of the Inter-American Commission of Women. They also divorced in Paris in October 1929, on the ground of abandonment. \" Her plea was based on the alleged impossibility of two persons of equally strong mind living harmoniously together.\" On January 29, 1930 in London, he married Edna Louise Johnson, an actress whom he had met through the novelist William John Locke.", "Museum of Contemporary Art (Tangier) The Galerie d'Art Contemporain Mohamed Drissi, formerly the Museum of Contemporary Art or Mus\u00e9e d' Art Contemporain, is a museum in Tangier, Morocco, housed in the building of the former British consulate near the Church of St. Andrew. The museum has a particular focus on contemporary paintings and features the artwork of artists such as Chrabia Tallal, Fatima Hassan, Mohammed Kacimi, Abdelkebir Rabia, Fouad Belamine and many others. The museum opened in 1986. After a redevelopment in 2006 the museum was renamed and re-opened on April 12, 2007 under its current name. It shows mainly traveling exhibitions.", "Lasbela (Karachi) Lasbela (Urdu: \u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647 ) neighborhood is located in Jamsheed Town, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The Lasbela bridge is over Lyari River and one of the most important bridges in Karachi. sabri Hotel, Chishti Bakery, Aone Cloth House, Naseem Cloth Market  Nawab of Lasbella from Lasbela District in Balochistan, had his official residence or consulate near the Lyari River before independence of Pakistan. The area got associated with Nawab of Lasbela and was known as Lasbela. The newly built bridge in the area over the Lyari River came to be known as Lasbela bridge. There are several ethnic groups in Lasbela including Muhajirs, Sindhis, Punjabis, Kashmiris, Saraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochis, Memons, Bohras, Ismailis, etc. Over 99% of the population is Muslim."], "answer": {"text": "very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant,", "answer_start": 148}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "answer": {"text": "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e5b3ec2e884ba7a28121d3bf08c55a_0_q#2", "question": "did he have any leading ladies", "rewrite": "Did Grant have any leading ladies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They created two cabaret shows based on their \"Leading Ladies\" concept (the second show is entitled \"Leading Ladies of Hollywood\") and have performed for sold old out crowds throughout the United Kingdom in venues such as the Jermyn Street Theatre in London and the Newbury Festival in Sydmonton. A notable interpreter of 20th century and contemporary opera, Caine's world premieres have included: \"Jezebel\", presented by the Toronto Symphony (title role; oratorio by Robertson Davies and Derek Holman); \"Playing Away\", presented by Opera North (role: L.A. Lola; by Howard Brenton and Benedict Mason); \"The Golden Ass\", presented by the Canadian Opera Company (role: Fotis; by Robertson Davies and Randolph Peters); \"Mr Emmet Takes a Walk\", presented by Psappha (6 female roles; by David Pountney and Peter Maxwell Davies); \"Mathilde\", a musical by Conor Mitchell directed by Simon Callow (Edinburgh Fringe Festival); \"Intolerance\", a one-woman opera by Mark Ravenhill and Conor Mitchell presented by T\u00eate-\u00e0-T\u00eate. Caine can be heard on numerous recordings including: \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\" (original London cast); \"The Phantom of The Opera\" (Canadian cast); \"Anything Goes\" (EMI); \"Babes in Toyland\"; \"Mr Emmet Takes a Walk\" (Psappha Ensemble); \"Leading Ladies\" (with Gerald Martin Moore). Caine's BBC broadcasts include: \"Candide\"; \"One Touch of Venus\"; \"Trouble in Tahiti\"; \"The Telephone\"; Concerts of Bernstein, Porter and Kern; \"Friday Night is Music Night\".", "Leading lady Leading lady is a term often applied to the leading actress in the performance if her character is the protagonist. It is also an informal term for the actress who plays a secondary lead, usually a love interest, to the leading actor in a film or play. A leading lady can also be an actress of renown. For example, Lynn Fontanne and Helen Hayes were both referred to as the \"leading lady of the theatre\" in their time. Similarly, Mary Pickford was called the \"leading lady\" of the cinema. The term has been applied to an actress who is often associated with one particular actor. For example, Olivia de Havilland was Errol Flynn's leading lady in several films, Katharine Hepburn had a similar association with Spencer Tracy, Lauren Bacall with Humphrey Bogart, and Maureen O'Hara with John Wayne. A leading lady is also an actress who is typecast in romantic supporting roles. The term can also be used collectively; for example, the phrase \"Hollywood's leading ladies\" can be used to refer to a group of notable, famous, or popular actresses. Modern day leading ladies include: Jennifer Aniston, Halle Berry, Scarlett Johansson, Sarah Jessica Parker, Angelina Jolie, Sigourney Weaver, Meryl Streep, Sandra Bullock, Julianne Moore, Glenn Close, Elisabeth Shue, Ren\u00e9e Zellweger, Emilia Clarke, Emily Blunt, Shannen Doherty, Rene Russo, Nicole Kidman, Saoirse Ronan, Helena Bonham Carter, Emma Watson and Salma Hayek. Minnie Mouse, an anthropomorphic animated character, has been the most notable and most successful cartoon leading lady for The Walt Disney Company for over 90 years, who mostly portrays the secondary lead roles to her lifelong boyfriend and the company's mascot Mickey Mouse.", "Leading Ladies (film) Leading Ladies is an award-winning 2010 dance film, about an overbearing ballroom stage mother and her two daughters who must redefine their roles in life, and on the dance floor, as each learns to \"Let Love Lead.\". The film was directed by Denver husband and wife Daniel Beahm and Erika Randall Beahm (Teahm Beahm), and stars Benji Schwimmer (winner, So You Think You Can Dance (Season 2).), Melanie LaPatin (choreographer, So You Think You Can Dance), Laurel Vail, Shannon Lea Smith, and Nicole Dionne. The film also features dance scenes with finalists from So You Think You Can Dance (Season 3) and So You Think You Can Dance (Season 4): Katee Shean, Kherington Payne, Courtney Galiano, and Sara Von Gillern. \"Leading Ladies\" premiered in April 2010 at the Sonoma International Film Festival, where it won the Showcase Award. Since then, the film has screened at more than 65 festivals worldwide including the 22nd Palm Springs International Film Festival (Gala Screening), the 33rd Starz Denver Film Festival, the 35th Frameline Film Festival. and the Vail International Film Festival After screening at Newfest in NYC, \"Leading Ladies\" received a favorable review in Variety (magazine). The film was picked up for North American distribution by Wolfe Video after screening at Outfest in LA. Sheri Campari (Melanie LaPatin) is the single mother of two daughters: Tasi (Shannon Lea) and Toni (Laurel Vail). Sheri is training Tasi to become a professional competitive ballroom dancer with the help of Toni and flamboyantly gay dance partner Cedric Michaels (Benji Schwimmer). They are always training and the pressure is growing as the prospects of becoming professional get closer.", "Leading Ladies Ken Ludwig's Leading Ladies is a comedy play by Ken Ludwig. It involves two Shakespearean actors who find themselves in the Amish country of York, Pennsylvania, mounting Shakespeare plays. The play, a co-production of the Alley Theatre (Houston) and The Cleveland Play House, premiered in 2004, directed by Ludwig. Set in York, Pennsylvania in 1958, this farce centers on two down-on-their-luck Shakespearean actors, Leo Clark and Jack Gable. The pair discover through a newspaper that Florence, an older ailing woman, has been unable to find Max and Steve, her sister's children who moved away to England as children in order to include them in her multimillion-dollar inheritance. They decide to pose as Max and Steve to claim portions of it. When they discover that \"Max\" and \"Steve\" are actually \"Maxine\" and \"Stephanie,\" they continue on, undaunted, in drag. Leo falls for Florence's actual niece Meg, while Jack swoons over Florence's part-time aide Audrey. Florence recovers just as the pair arrives, but they decide to keep on, both to try to outlast her health and to stay close to the objects of their interest. Leo convinces Meg, who is enamored of Shakespeare and a fan of Jack and Leo, to put on a production at Florence's estate, to give himself more of an opportunity to be with her, both as Leo and Maxine. Meanwhile, Meg's fianc\u00e9 Duncan grows increasingly suspicious of the \"Leading Ladies.\" On the night of the production, a telegram arrives at the house stating that the real Maxine and Stephanie will arrive that night.", "Leading Ladies (group) The Leading Ladies are a British-American girl group/supergroup formed in London, England in 2017. The group consists of three leading women from the London West End stage; American singer and actress Amber Riley, who starred in \"Dreamgirls\", British soul singer Beverley Knight, who featured in \"The Bodyguard\", \"Memphis\" and \"Cats\" and British theatre star Cassidy Janson, who took the leading role in \"\". The idea for forming Leading Ladies came after Beverley Knight was approached by her label East West to record a musicals themed album. She was not sold on the idea of recording a solo album of show songs and turned down the idea. Knight subsequently formed Leading Ladies as she wanted to try something new after having a health scare, which resulted in her having a hysterectomy. After watching both Riley promoting \"Dreamgirls\" on \"The Graham Norton Show\" and Janson performing in \"\", Knight asked East West to approach both women with the offer of recording an album together. Riley and Janson both agreed and the group was formed and signed to East West/Warner Music. The Leading Ladies' debut album \"Songs from the Stage\" was released on 17 November 2017. The album features fourteen songs from musicals including \"Hamilton\", \"Cats\", \"Rent\", \"Dreamgirls\", \"Funny Girl\", \"The Bodyguard\", \"Memphis\" and \"\". \" Songs from the Stage\" was produced by Grammy Award-winning British producer Brian Rawling, who has previously worked with Cher, Tina Turner and Lionel Richie. The setting-up of the music and vocal arrangements were done together as a group, while most of the recording occurred separately within a two-week period due to their busy individual schedules."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "answer": {"text": "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he famous for", "answer": {"text": "very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant,", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e5b3ec2e884ba7a28121d3bf08c55a_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than Grant?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jurassic Park III (film score)  Jurassic Park III: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a score of the film of the same name. Composed by Don Davis and performed by the Hollywood Studio Orchestra, this fast-paced, action score was composed late in the film's post-production. Some of John Williams' themes from the previous films are also featured. \"Jurassic Park III\" features the original themes by John Williams as the main theme for the music. Shorter strains of the \"Main Theme\" from \"Jurassic Park\" are heard continuously throughout the film and soundtrack, with full renditions in the tracks \"Brachiosaurus on the Bank\" and \"The Hat Returns\". Don Davis stated that he used the \"Main Theme's\" numerous strains to represent the character of Alan Grant. Less frequently heard is the island fanfare, \"Journey to the Island\" or \"End Credits\" theme. However it received full renditions in \"The Dinosaur Fly-By\" and the film's alternate ending suite, which is not present in the soundtrack. Davis also composed a new theme which was supposed to recreate the mending relationship between Paul and Amanda Kirby. Davis also composed a theme similar to Williams' \"Raptor theme\" for the Spinosaurus. Davis even composed renditions of a military style theme, heard very briefly in \"Journey to the Island\" by John Williams. One of the most interesting aspects to the score is its very 'King-Kong'-esque style brass sections. In the film mix, however, many cues use alternate mixes where the brass is removed from the mix, leaving behind the wind and strings. Also, at least one cue has an alternate boy choir section. The film's end credits are also a different version than what is released. The complete known cue list is as follows (including alternates):", "National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program The space-grant colleges are educational institutions in the United States that comprise a network of fifty-two consortia formed for the purpose of outer-space\u2013related research. Each consortium is based in one of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico, and each consists of multiple independent space-grant institutions, with one of the institutions acting as lead. Similar programs include land-grant colleges (instituted in 1862), sea-grant colleges (instituted in 1966), and sun-grant colleges (instituted in 2003). Unlike in the land-grant program, no economic rights to outer space have been granted in the space-grant program, only money. The program claims the following objectives:  The National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program was established in 1988 by the US Congress following the success of similar scholarship opportunities in the oceanic Sea Grant and agricultural Land Grant fields. The catch-all term Space Grant refers back to these previous federal programs. In 1989, the program was given over to NASA, which now administers it in the same way that NOAA administers Sea Grant. The first meeting of the National Council of Space Grant Directors took place from January 16, 1990 to January 19, 1990 at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Columbia, Maryland, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Ca\u00f1ada Flintridge, California. Building Leaders for Advancing Science and Technology (BLAST) BLAST is a three-day summer event that takes place at Virginia's Old Dominion University. This free, STEM-centered event, is available to 8th and 9th graders with a 2.3 GPA or better. BLAST's purpose is to show the students the interesting aspects of STEM to those who are unsure whether they want to be involved STEM or not. Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project The NEBP is a high-altitude, balloon launching program. eXploration Systems and Habitation", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Dave Golder of \"SFX\", reviewing the DVD release, gave the story three out of five stars. He noted that it had ambition, but was \"slow\" and \"visually uninspired\". DVD Talk's John Sinnott rated \"Colony in Space\" three out of five stars, describing it as \"a decent adventure\" with minuses that outweighed the pluses. He noted that the six-episode structure allowed for padding and repeated scenes, but it had \"a lot of interesting aspects\", such as the Time Lords sending the Doctor, the way the story was constructed, and Pertwee and Delgado's chemistry. In 2010, Charlie Jane Anders of io9 named the cliffhanger to the fourth episode \u2013 in which the Master decides to shoot the Doctor \u2013 as one of the greatest cliffhangers in \"Doctor Who\". A novelisation of this serial, written by Malcolm Hulke, was published by Target Books in April 1974 as \"Doctor Who and the Doomsday Weapon\". This was the first serial of the 1971 series to be so adapted; as a result, Hulke breaks continuity by having Jo Grant introduced to the Doctor for the first time, even though on television her introduction was in \"Terror of the Autons\" (and this would be reflected in the later novelisation of that serial). There is another extensive Malcolm Hulke prologue as an elderly Time Lord describes the  Doctor-Master rivalry to his assistant and learns of the theft of the Doomsday Weapon files. There have been Dutch, Turkish, Japanese and Portuguese language editions. An unabridged reading of the novelisation by actor Geoffrey Beevers was released on CD in September 2007 by BBC Audiobooks. Although the PAL mastertapes had been wiped, NTSC copies were returned to the BBC in 1983 from TV Ontario in Canada.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil."], "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\",", "answer_start": 491}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "answer": {"text": "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he famous for", "answer": {"text": "very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant,", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any leading ladies", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e5b3ec2e884ba7a28121d3bf08c55a_0_q#4", "question": "Was he famous for anything other than acting", "rewrite": "Was Grant famous for anything other than acting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The film ends with Sir Winston Churchill narrating events that follow including his marriage to Clementine Hozier seven years later. Newsreel footage shows Churchill appearing on the balcony with the Royal family on VE day, May 1945. Carl Foreman was invited to meet Winston Churchill after he had seen and enjoyed Foreman's 1961 production of \"The Guns of Navarone\". At their meeting Churchill suggested that his book \"My Early Life\" would make an excellent film. In 1967 Foreman announced James Fox would play Churchill. Foreman was impressed by Richard Attenborough's \"Oh! What a Lovely War\" and at first wanted him to both direct and play Lord Randolph Churchill; Attenborough declined the latter offer. The film was made in Morocco and the United Kingdom, with several scenes shot at Penwyllt and Coelbren, Powys, on the edge of the Brecon Beacons, and the scene where Churchill learnt to ride at the Cavalry Riding School building at Beaumont Barracks in Aldershot. The film was one of the most popular films in 1972 at the British box office. As of July 2009, the longest edition available on DVD is \"Young Winston: Special Edition\" at 146 minutes, cut from the original U.S. theatrical release which was 157 minutes. VHS tapes cut the film to just 124 minutes. The fully unabridged version is currently unavailable on DVD.", "The largest of the Transtectors was uncovered by Giga and Mega, who came to serve Devil Z and located two further Transtectors for Buster and Hydra. When a young truck driver named Ginrai rented the Transtector truck from the garage owner who possessed it, he discovered a set of Master-Braces - the metallic bracelets which endow humans with the Masterforce - within it, merging with the Transtector to become the first Autobot Godmaster. His Transtector later activated on its own, locating its secondary portion buried beneath a mountain in Japan, which took the form of a trailer to go along with the cab, allowing Ginrai to merge the two sections to become Super Ginrai. Subsequently, the race began to locate the remaining Godmasters, which Ginrai kicked off by appearing on television to appeal to individuals for a lead. When Lightfoot contacted him, Ginrai soon helped his discover that British Motors' signature car, which his father had constructed and gifted to him, was his Transtector. Investigating the Rockies at Lightfoot's suggestion, the Autobots met with Ranger; when he was given Master-Braces, his Transtector took the form of a dune buggy. The fourth Autobot Godmaster was racing champ, Road King, whose race car was his Transtector, which had been given to him by his mentor. The final Godmaster, Doubleclouder, did not appear for some time afterward, but no explanation for how he discovered the final Transtector was offered. At the conclusion of the series, Buster and Hydra, seeking to discard the humanity that they believe makes them weak, are permanently fused with their Transtectors, becoming wholly robotic beings. Giga, Mega and Clouder are forcibly separated from their Transtectors by Devil Z, who brings the Transtectors to life himself.", "Lasbela Bridge Lasbela bridge (Urdu: \u067e\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647 ) is located in Lasbela neighborhood of Liaquatabad Town, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. The Lasbela bridge is over Lyari River and one of the most important bridges in Karachi. Jam of Lasbela () was ruler of Las Bela State in Balochistan of Pakistan. Jam of Lasbela had one of his official residence or consulate near the Lyari River before independence of Pakistan. The area got associated with Jam of Lasbela and was known as Lasbela. The newly built bridge in the area over the Lyari River came to be known as Lasbela bridge.", "Theodore Roosevelt Jr.'s \"attacks on the Governor of this State and your abortive attempts to associate him with any responsibility for commercialized vice.\" Malone continued his divorce practice until 1935, when he declared bankruptcy in New York and moved to Westwood, Los Angeles in California. He claimed his debts consisted mostly of sums owed to personal friends, including William K. Vanderbilt, Edward F. Hutton and the late Otto H. Kahn. He served as counsel to 20th Century Fox, and appeared in a few movies as a character actor. As Malone bore a strong resemblance to Winston Churchill, he was called on to play Churchill in the film adaptation of Joseph E. Davies's book \"Mission to Moscow\" (1943). On November 14, 1908, he married May Patricia O'Gorman (1884\u20131961), daughter of Judge and U.S. Senator James Aloysius O'Gorman, at the Church of the Ascension on West 107th Street in New York City. May served overseas with the Red Cross during World War I and later worked with Anne Morgan to restore devastated regions in France. After living apart for several years, she obtained a divorce from him in Paris in 1921. A few months after his divorce, he married writer and suffragette activist Doris Stevens (1888\u20131963) on December 9, 1921 in Peekskill, New York. Doris was the first female member of the American Institute of International Law and first chair of the Inter-American Commission of Women. They also divorced in Paris in October 1929, on the ground of abandonment. \" Her plea was based on the alleged impossibility of two persons of equally strong mind living harmoniously together.\" On January 29, 1930 in London, he married Edna Louise Johnson, an actress whom he had met through the novelist William John Locke.", "Museum of Contemporary Art (Tangier) The Galerie d'Art Contemporain Mohamed Drissi, formerly the Museum of Contemporary Art or Mus\u00e9e d' Art Contemporain, is a museum in Tangier, Morocco, housed in the building of the former British consulate near the Church of St. Andrew. The museum has a particular focus on contemporary paintings and features the artwork of artists such as Chrabia Tallal, Fatima Hassan, Mohammed Kacimi, Abdelkebir Rabia, Fouad Belamine and many others. The museum opened in 1986. After a redevelopment in 2006 the museum was renamed and re-opened on April 12, 2007 under its current name. It shows mainly traveling exhibitions."], "answer": {"text": "remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for", "answer_start": 585}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "answer": {"text": "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he famous for", "answer": {"text": "very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant,", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any leading ladies", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\",", "answer_start": 491, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e5b3ec2e884ba7a28121d3bf08c55a_0_q#5", "question": "Did he direct any movies?", "rewrite": "Did Grant direct any movies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With the widespread increase in bandits across the Chinese nation, the Han army had no way to repel each and every raiding party. In 188, Emperor Ling accepted a memorial from Liu Yan suggesting he grant direct administrative power over feudal provinces and direct command of regional military to local governors, as well as promoting them in rank and filling such positions with members of the Liu family or court officials. This move made provinces (\"zhou\") official administrative units, and although they had power to combat rebellions, the later intragovernmental chaos allowed these local governors to easily rule independently of the central government. Liu Yan was also promoted as governor of Yi Province. Soon after this move, Liu Yan severed all of his region's ties to the Han imperial court, and several other areas followed suit. In the same year, Emperor Ling died, and another struggle began between the court eunuchs for control of the imperial family. Court eunuch Jian Shuo planned to kill General-in-Chief He Jin, a relative of the imperial family, and to replace the crown prince Liu Bian with his younger brother Liu Xie, the Prince of Chenliu (in present-day Kaifeng), though his plan was unsuccessful. Liu Bian took the Han throne as Emperor Shao, and He Jin plotted with warlord Yuan Shao to assassinate the Ten Attendants, a clique of twelve eunuchs led by Zhang Rang who controlled much of the imperial court. He Jin also ordered Dong Zhuo, the frontier general in Liang Province, and Ding Yuan, Inspector of Bing Province, to bring troops to the capital to reinforce his position of authority. The eunuchs learned of He Jin's plot, and had him assassinated before Dong Zhuo reached the capital Luoyang.", "British Universities Film &amp; Video Council The British Universities Film & Video Council (BUFVC) is a representative body promoting the production, study and use of moving image, sound and related media for learning and research. It is a company limited by guarantee, with charity status, serving schools, colleges and post compulsory education interests in the UK. Founded in 1948 as the \"British Universities Film Council\", the \"BUFC\" was established by a group of academic staff from various subject disciplines across the arts, humanities and sciences. In the 1960s the \"BUFC\" was allocated core funding from government as a grant-in-aid body of the British Film Institute (BFI). In 1982 the \"Council\" left the BFI with the remit to engage with UK higher education, changed its title to British Universities Film \"& Video\" Council and obtained recurrent core grant direct from the Department for Education and Science. In the early 1990s, with the re-organisation of UK higher education funding, the BUFVC's PES line was moved to the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) and was paid over via The Open University. On 12 February 2007 the BUFVC became a 'related body' of HEFCE receiving core grant under \"Section 65\" of the \"Further and Higher Education Act 1992\" with oversight from the Jisc. It now has more than 200 subscribing member institutions in the UK. The BUFVC is governed by a board of fourteen trustees comprising at least ten elected names and up to four appointed names including one trustee appointed by HEFCE. At least one third of the trustees step down and/or are re-elected each year. Trustees are normally nominated and elected from the subscribing membership.", "2012 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates This is a list of the 26 players who earned their 2013 PGA Tour card through Q School in 2012. 2012 was the final year Q School would grant direct access to the PGA Tour. Future Q Schools will only grant access to the second-tier Web.com Tour. Brad Fritsch previously earned his 2013 PGA Tour card through his finish on the 2012 Web.com Tour money list; he did not count against the 25, but did improve his status. Brad Fritsch and Bobby Gates regained their cards for 2014 through the Web.com Tour Finals.", "The first and second respondents objected \"in limine\" that the applicant had no \"locus standi\" to bring the application. As to the applicant's standing to bring the application, the court held that, although he might not have had standing at common law, the present case called for an expanded understanding of what constituted a \"direct and personal interest. \" If the practitioner was able to establish both   then he or she could approach a court to challenge the validity of the proclamation. In the present case, the court found, the applicant met both requirements and accordingly had standing to pursue the application. As to the application for direct access, the court found that it had a discretion on whether or not to grant direct access, but it would only do so in exceptional cases and when it was in the interests of justice in the light of the facts of the particular case. The circumstances in the application for direct access were indeed, in the present case, exceptional. It was in the interests of justice, too, that the validity of the two proclamations be considered together. As to the validity of the first proclamation, the court held that section 4, listed in both the first and the second proclamation, belonged to the cluster of the administrative amendments which were listed in the second proclamation. The effect of the first proclamation was literally to put into operation an arbitrary selection of one of the administrative amendments (section 4) and four of the substantive amendments (sections 6, 10, 11 and 12) made by the Amendment Act. Because it was based on an arbitrary selection, it followed that the first proclamation was objectively irrational. Under the doctrine of objective invalidity, the first proclamation was a nullity from the outset. It was invalid and void \"ab initio\", and therefore had no effect in law. Furthermore, if the first proclamation remained in effect, it would create a number of legal and practical problems.", "Aghbolagh-e Hashtrud Aghbolagh-e Hashtrud (, also Romanized as \u0100ghbol\u0101gh-e Hashtr\u016bd; also known as \u0100q Bol\u0101gh and \u0100qbol\u0101gh-e Hashtr\u016bd) is a village in Nazarkahrizi Rural District, Nazarkahrizi District, Hashtrud County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 118, in 27 families."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "answer": {"text": "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he famous for", "answer": {"text": "very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant,", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any leading ladies", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\",", "answer_start": 491, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he famous for anything other than acting", "answer": {"text": "remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5e5b3ec2e884ba7a28121d3bf08c55a_0_q#6", "question": "What time frame was he in the movies?", "rewrite": "What time frame was Grant in the movies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It indicates an action that was ongoing at the past time being considered:  For stative verbs that do not use the progressive aspect, the simple past is used instead (\"At three o'clock yesterday we were in the garden\"). The past progressive is often used to denote an action that was interrupted by an event, or for two actions taking place in parallel:  The past progressive can also be used to refer to past action that occurred over a range of time and is viewed as an ongoing situation: That could also be expressed using the simple past, as \"I worked...\", which implies that the action is viewed as a unitary event (although the effective meaning is not very different). The past progressive shares certain special uses with other past tense constructions; see , , , and . The \"past perfect\", sometimes called the \"pluperfect\", combines past tense with perfect aspect; it is formed by combining \"had\" (the past tense of the auxiliary \"have\") with the past participle of the main verb. It is used when referring to an event that took place prior to the time frame being considered. This time frame may be stated explicitly, as a stated time or the time of another past action:  The time frame may also be understood implicitly from the previous or later context:  Compare \"He had left when we arrived\" (where his leaving preceded our arrival), with the form with the simple past, \"He left when we arrived\" (where his leaving was concurrent with or shortly after our arrival). Note that unlike the present perfect, the past perfect can readily be used with an adverb specifying a past time frame for the occurrence. For example, while it is incorrect to say *", "The preterite, also called the \"simple past\" and, in Spanish, \"pret\u00e9rito indefinido\" or \"pret\u00e9rito perfecto simple\", is considered a \"simple\" tense because it is formed of a single word: the verb stem with an inflectional ending for person, number, etc. The choice between preterite and perfect, according to prescriptive grammars from both Spain and Latin America, is based on the psychological time frame\u2014whether expressed or merely implied\u2014in which the past action is embedded. If that time frame includes the present moment (i.e. if the speaker views the past action as somehow related to the moment of speaking), then the recommended tense is the perfect (\"he llegado\"). But if the time frame does not include the present\u2014if the speaker views the action as only in the past, with little or no relation to the moment of speaking\u2014then the recommended tense is the preterite (\"llegu\u00e9\"). This is also the real spontaneous usage in most of Spain. Following this criterion, an explicit time frame such as \"hoy\" ('today') or \"este a\u00f1o\" ('this year') includes the present and thus dictates the compound tense: \"Este a\u00f1o he cantado ('I have sung this year'). Conversely, a time frame such as \"ayer\" ('yesterday') or \"la semana pasada\" ('last week') does not include the present and therefore calls for the preterite: \"La semana pasada cant\u00e9 (' I sang last week'). However, in most of Latin America, and in the Canary Islands, the preterite is used for all actions viewed as completed in the past.", "The ultimate target to be reached, however, is that it may be demonstrated to certification authorities (i.e. FAA, EASA) that a safety critical system behaves predictably under foreseeable circumstances. Using CANaerospace, this predictability may be achieved. CANaerospace sets forth a concept of managing the available bandwidth of a multi-drop CAN network to ensure predictable behavior for ATM and PTP communication which is called Time Triggered Bus Scheduling. Time Triggered Bus Scheduling is based on a limitation of the number of CAN messages that any node in the network may transmit within a minor time frame. The minor time frame is defined during initial system design. The maximum number of messages transmitted within one minor time frame may differ from node to node and contain growth potential if granted by system design. It is crucial to the Time Triggered Bus Scheduling concept that every node in the network adheres to its transmission schedule at all times when generating network traffic. It is neither required nor prohibited, however, that nodes in the network synchronize to other nodes concerning their message transmission order or transmission times. CAN error frames may lead to unpredictable behavior if the bandwidth is consumed by error frames resulting from faults of the network or the nodes attached to it. Therefore, CANaerospace recommends to limit the bandwidth usage to 50% of the maximum bandwidth so that unpredictability is mitigated. While Time Triggered Bus Scheduling requires margins and does not optimize network bandwidth usage, it provides a safe and straightforward approach to build certifiable (predictable) systems. For ensuring this under fault conditions the system designer has to define the behaviour under these conditions (error frames and avoidance of priority inversion). Applying the Time Triggered Bus Scheduling concept, it may be demonstrated that a CANaerospace network behaves predictably.", "The distinguishing factor between \"Western Sephardim\" and the nascent \"Neo-Western Sephardim\" is the time frame of the reversions to Judaism, the location of the reversions, and the precarious religious and legal circumstances surrounding their reversions (including impediments and persecutions). Thus, the converso descendants who became the Western Sephardim had reverted to Judaism between the 16th and 18th centuries, they did so at a time before the abolition of the Inquisition in the 19th century, and this time frame necessitated their migration out of the Iberian cultural sphere. Conversely, the converso descendants who are today becoming the nascent Neo-Western Sephardim have been reverting to Judaism between the late 20th and early 21st centuries, they have been doing so at a time after the abolition of the Inquisition in the 19th century, and this time frame has not necessitated their migration out of the Iberian cultural sphere. The Sephardic Anusim (\"forced [converts]\") were the Jewish conversos to Catholicism and their second and third, fourth, and up to fifth generation converso descendants (the maximum acceptable generational distance depended on the particular Jewish responsa being followed by the receiving Jewish community). The Sephardic Bnei Anusim (\"[later] children [of the] coerced [converts]\"), on the other hand, were any subsequent generations of descendants of the Sephardic Anusim. These descendants, the Sephardic Bnei Ansuim, remained hidden in Iberia and Ibero-America ever since, due to the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions in the Iberian Peninsula and its Inquisition franchises exported to the New World. The converso descendants of Sephardic Anusim in the Hispanosphere became the Sephardic Bnei Anusim.", "In the second round evaluation, international jury members selected by the CON-CAN staff select the top three nominations to be awarded the Grand Prix award (best short movie) ($10,000 cash prize) and the two Tamashii awards (special jury awards) ($2,000 cash prize each). The winner of the Grand Prix award and the two Tamashii award winners are invited to Tokyo with travel and accommodations paid for in order to attend the award ceremony. The award ceremony hosts famous people from the movie industry and notable news networks. The international jury which chooses the three best movies during the final evaluation round features famous people from the movie industry. Below is the jury from this year. The movies below have been selected for the 2008 CON-CAN Movie Festival (listed in alphabetical order). All short movies and animations are able to be viewed for free without registering, however, only registered members (registration is free) are able to vote and comment on the movies within the time frame provided. The following movies were selected for Group A of the CON-CAN Movie Festival. Registered members were able to vote and comment on Group A short movies from May 1 - May 31, 2008 for the Audience Award. The following movies were selected for Group B of the CON-CAN Movie Festival. Registered members were able to vote and comment on Group B short movies from June 1 - June 30, 2008 for the Audience Award. The following movies were selected for Group C of the CON-CAN Movie Festival. Registered members were able to vote and comment on Group B short movies from July 1 - July 31, 2008 for the Audience Award. The movies selected for Group D of the CON-CAN Movie Festival will be announced on August 1. Registered members are able to vote and comment on Group A short movies from August 1 - August 31, 2008 for the Audience Award."], "answer": {"text": "almost 30 years.", "answer_start": 644}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Grant's most famous movies?", "answer": {"text": "greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 68, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he famous for", "answer": {"text": "very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant,", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any leading ladies", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\",", "answer_start": 491, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he famous for anything other than acting", "answer": {"text": "remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he direct any movies?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e0e6059874b94492b794ba5c7a107f0b_0_q#0", "question": "What sparked the reunion of Day26?", "rewrite": "What sparked the reunion of Day26?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On Thursday November 21, 2013, fans received word through Twitter from several group members that the group would reunite and be planning a tour for the next year. Several videos have hit the web showing the group recording material for an upcoming new album. The group planned to release the album before the tour kicked off and in doing so, signed with BMG Rights Management. On May 26, 2014, Day26 releases their first single called \"Bullshit\" off their upcoming EP entitled \"The Return\", that was set to release on June 26, 2014. In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26, to commemorate the day they were formed in 2007. Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27. Joining the concerts' roster of performances is the bands' fellow reality show Making The Band 4/label mate Donnie Klang, who will also celebrate his 10-year solo reunion of the day he was chosen by P. Diddy, which kick-started their careers. In a recent interview with radio personality Sway on his radio show, Sways Universe, Willie announced that the group was recording their third studio album, while also discussing what fame has done for the group in their 10-year run as well as opening up about the controversy with Diddy not allowing the band to appear in the Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour.", "Day26 was founded on the Making the Band 4 Season 1 finale on August 26, 2007. Brian Andrews, Michael McCluney, Qwanell Mosley, Robert Curry, and Willie Taylor were chosen to be a part of Diddy's brand new all-male R&B music group, while fellow cast member Donnie Klang was chosen as a solo artist for Bad Boy Records. The name Day 26 was selected from the day that they were picked which was August 26, 2007. After being signed as a group to Bad Boy, Day 26 began another season of Making the Band with label mates Danity Kane and Donnie Klang. Upon this season, Day 26's debut single \"Got Me Going\" was released to download in January 2008. \"Got Me Going\" eventually peaked at #79 on the Billboard Hot 100. Day 26 later released their self-titled album Day26 on March 25, 2008. The next week, the album debuted at #1 on Billboard 200 selling 190,000 copies. This is the third feat. at #1 for Bad Boy winners. Album production includes Mario Winans, Danja, Bryan-Michael Cox, The Runners, and upon many others. The second single \"Since You've Been Gone\" was released on June 9, 2008. The song failed to reach Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at #52 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. A third single was planned, but was scrapped due to low album sales, and production on their next album. Overall, the album sold 387,000 copies. On August 19, 2008, Day26 returned with another season of Making the Band. This season involved in Making the Band 4 - The Tour, which resolved to the break-up of Danity Kane.", "Willie Taylor Willie Taylor (born Willie Madison Taylor III; March 29, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as a contestant from MTV's \"Making the Band 4\", where he was chosen by Diddy to be a member and one of the main vocalists of the band Day26 on August 26, 2007. Taylor was a member of the Chicago-based group Kwiet Storm. Their music video, \"Leave Me Alone\", appeared on BET's \"Midnight Love\", \"Cita's World\", \" Hits from the Street\", and as a New Joint of the Day on \"106 & Park\".. After ten years with Kwiet Storm, Taylor left to start a solo career. Taylor has worked with well-known artists such as Avant (with whom he co-wrote two songs on \"Director\": \" So Many Ways\" and \"With You\"), Ginuwine, Jagged Edge, and Joe. After leaving \"Kwiet Storm\" Taylor began a solo career, putting his first album on hold to audition for \"Making The Band 4\". The second season of \"Making The Band 4\" revolved around Day26, Danity Kane, and Donnie Klang competing to see who can make a better album. In the season finale Diddy announced that \"Making The Band 4\" would have another season. This time it would revolve around Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie Klang touring. He premiered the video for his new single \"Sex Conversation\" from his mixtape \"Sex Tape\". A new Day26 album titled Forever in a Day was released in April 2009. He is also the CEO of Noivak Music Group. On September 7, 2015, Taylor, his wife Lashanda and two children were featured on the second season of the VH1 spin-off show \"\".", "Imma Put It on Her \"Imma Put It on Her\" is the first single from the American R&B boy band Day26's second studio album, \"Forever in a Day\". It features Diddy and Yung Joc. Willie Taylor, Robert Curry, & Que share lead vocals, with Brian Angel and Big Mike providing ad libs. The song was produced by Blaze \"The Champ\" and was released digitally on iTunes on March 31, 2009, with a pre-order of the album \"Forever in a Day\". Though a leaked version of the song containing only Day26 had beenleaked in late February 2009, the updated album version features Diddy and Yung Joc. The song was written by Day26. A video for the song was shot i early March 2009 in Miami, Florida, with director Rage and was released on April 2, 2009, on Day-26.com and Mtv.com. It ranked at #77 on BET's \"Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009\" countdown. Since its release on the iTunes Store, the song has reached #5 on the R&B/Soul chart and #55 on the Top 100 Songs chart. The single entered the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 98 on the issue date of April 11, 2009. The following week it entered on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 11 which equates to 111 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song went on to peak at #79 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #29 on the \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Airplay charts.", "Day26 (album) Day26 is the debut studio album by R&B group Day26 released on March 25, 2008. \"Day26\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with first week sales of about 190,000 copies, making it the third number one album from \"Making The Band\" winners. The album also debuted at the top of Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts. As of October 11, 2008, the album has re-entered at number 192 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the US. \" Day26\" landed at number 119 on the year end \"Billboard\" 2008. The first single is \"Exclusive (No Excuses)\". The song was only released as a digital promo-only single. The second single is \"Got Me Going\", which peaked at number seventy-nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The third single is \"Since You've Been Gone\"."], "answer": {"text": "In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert", "answer_start": 534}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e0e6059874b94492b794ba5c7a107f0b_0_q#1", "question": "Where was the 10 year anniversary experience concert held?", "rewrite": "Where was the 10 year anniversary experience concert of Day26 held?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Willie Taylor Willie Taylor (born Willie Madison Taylor III; March 29, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as a contestant from MTV's \"Making the Band 4\", where he was chosen by Diddy to be a member and one of the main vocalists of the band Day26 on August 26, 2007. Taylor was a member of the Chicago-based group Kwiet Storm. Their music video, \"Leave Me Alone\", appeared on BET's \"Midnight Love\", \"Cita's World\", \" Hits from the Street\", and as a New Joint of the Day on \"106 & Park\".. After ten years with Kwiet Storm, Taylor left to start a solo career. Taylor has worked with well-known artists such as Avant (with whom he co-wrote two songs on \"Director\": \" So Many Ways\" and \"With You\"), Ginuwine, Jagged Edge, and Joe. After leaving \"Kwiet Storm\" Taylor began a solo career, putting his first album on hold to audition for \"Making The Band 4\". The second season of \"Making The Band 4\" revolved around Day26, Danity Kane, and Donnie Klang competing to see who can make a better album. In the season finale Diddy announced that \"Making The Band 4\" would have another season. This time it would revolve around Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie Klang touring. He premiered the video for his new single \"Sex Conversation\" from his mixtape \"Sex Tape\". A new Day26 album titled Forever in a Day was released in April 2009. He is also the CEO of Noivak Music Group. On September 7, 2015, Taylor, his wife Lashanda and two children were featured on the second season of the VH1 spin-off show \"\".", "The album \"A Letter to Jimi\", earned Weise an invitation to perform for an hour, at the 1996 30th Commemoration of the first Jimi Hendrix Experience concert. \" Voodoo Child Magazine\" reported that Weise's personal interpretations, infused \"originality and musicality\" into that night's performance. The ceremony took place at the Palais des Congres in Evreux, France, on 15 October. Celebrating the very first Experience concert during the Jimi Hendrix Experience French Tour 1966, at the Cinema Le Novelty in Evreux, 13 October 1966. The special guests for the 30th Commemoration festival, were Noel Redding (performer) and Kathy Etchingham. A memorial plaque was unveiled by the city mayor before the concert. What could have been Weise's double album, was divided between two productions, with two different record companies. \" Bushman Boogie\" was released in 1998, and \"Bushman Boogie Deluxe\" in 1999. Both albums are compiled entirely of original material, with all texts and music composed by Weise. Who revisited many of his Australian childhood haunts, via album tracks with Australiana titles. \"Broken Hill Blues\", \"Kiama Beach Jamboree\", \"Dreamtime Shuffle\", \"Corroboree\", \"Boomerang Ocean\", \"Rainbow Serpent Dreaming\", \"Katoomba Express\", and \"Last Train to Adelaide\". These Australian place names, along with the aboriginal didgeridoo showcased on several compositions, demonstrates Weise's passion for returning to his roots. Christophe Mourot of \"Soul Bag\" magazine described the \"Bushman Boogie\" series, as being a fine blend of excellent blues rock guitars, coalesced with Australian traditional instruments.", "On Thursday November 21, 2013, fans received word through Twitter from several group members that the group would reunite and be planning a tour for the next year. Several videos have hit the web showing the group recording material for an upcoming new album. The group planned to release the album before the tour kicked off and in doing so, signed with BMG Rights Management. On May 26, 2014, Day26 releases their first single called \"Bullshit\" off their upcoming EP entitled \"The Return\", that was set to release on June 26, 2014. In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26, to commemorate the day they were formed in 2007. Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27. Joining the concerts' roster of performances is the bands' fellow reality show Making The Band 4/label mate Donnie Klang, who will also celebrate his 10-year solo reunion of the day he was chosen by P. Diddy, which kick-started their careers. In a recent interview with radio personality Sway on his radio show, Sways Universe, Willie announced that the group was recording their third studio album, while also discussing what fame has done for the group in their 10-year run as well as opening up about the controversy with Diddy not allowing the band to appear in the Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour.", "Day26 (album) Day26 is the debut studio album by R&B group Day26 released on March 25, 2008. \"Day26\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with first week sales of about 190,000 copies, making it the third number one album from \"Making The Band\" winners. The album also debuted at the top of Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts. As of October 11, 2008, the album has re-entered at number 192 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the US. \" Day26\" landed at number 119 on the year end \"Billboard\" 2008. The first single is \"Exclusive (No Excuses)\". The song was only released as a digital promo-only single. The second single is \"Got Me Going\", which peaked at number seventy-nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The third single is \"Since You've Been Gone\".", "Day26 was founded on the Making the Band 4 Season 1 finale on August 26, 2007. Brian Andrews, Michael McCluney, Qwanell Mosley, Robert Curry, and Willie Taylor were chosen to be a part of Diddy's brand new all-male R&B music group, while fellow cast member Donnie Klang was chosen as a solo artist for Bad Boy Records. The name Day 26 was selected from the day that they were picked which was August 26, 2007. After being signed as a group to Bad Boy, Day 26 began another season of Making the Band with label mates Danity Kane and Donnie Klang. Upon this season, Day 26's debut single \"Got Me Going\" was released to download in January 2008. \"Got Me Going\" eventually peaked at #79 on the Billboard Hot 100. Day 26 later released their self-titled album Day26 on March 25, 2008. The next week, the album debuted at #1 on Billboard 200 selling 190,000 copies. This is the third feat. at #1 for Bad Boy winners. Album production includes Mario Winans, Danja, Bryan-Michael Cox, The Runners, and upon many others. The second single \"Since You've Been Gone\" was released on June 9, 2008. The song failed to reach Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at #52 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. A third single was planned, but was scrapped due to low album sales, and production on their next album. Overall, the album sold 387,000 copies. On August 19, 2008, Day26 returned with another season of Making the Band. This season involved in Making the Band 4 - The Tour, which resolved to the break-up of Danity Kane."], "answer": {"text": "concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26,", "answer_start": 650}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sparked the reunion of Day26?", "answer": {"text": "In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e0e6059874b94492b794ba5c7a107f0b_0_q#2", "question": "Did the band do a full tour for their reunion?", "rewrite": "Did Day26 do a full tour for Day26's reunion?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Day26 (album) Day26 is the debut studio album by R&B group Day26 released on March 25, 2008. \"Day26\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with first week sales of about 190,000 copies, making it the third number one album from \"Making The Band\" winners. The album also debuted at the top of Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts. As of October 11, 2008, the album has re-entered at number 192 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the US. \" Day26\" landed at number 119 on the year end \"Billboard\" 2008. The first single is \"Exclusive (No Excuses)\". The song was only released as a digital promo-only single. The second single is \"Got Me Going\", which peaked at number seventy-nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The third single is \"Since You've Been Gone\".", "Imma Put It on Her \"Imma Put It on Her\" is the first single from the American R&B boy band Day26's second studio album, \"Forever in a Day\". It features Diddy and Yung Joc. Willie Taylor, Robert Curry, & Que share lead vocals, with Brian Angel and Big Mike providing ad libs. The song was produced by Blaze \"The Champ\" and was released digitally on iTunes on March 31, 2009, with a pre-order of the album \"Forever in a Day\". Though a leaked version of the song containing only Day26 had beenleaked in late February 2009, the updated album version features Diddy and Yung Joc. The song was written by Day26. A video for the song was shot i early March 2009 in Miami, Florida, with director Rage and was released on April 2, 2009, on Day-26.com and Mtv.com. It ranked at #77 on BET's \"Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009\" countdown. Since its release on the iTunes Store, the song has reached #5 on the R&B/Soul chart and #55 on the Top 100 Songs chart. The single entered the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 98 on the issue date of April 11, 2009. The following week it entered on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 11 which equates to 111 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song went on to peak at #79 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #29 on the \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Airplay charts.", "Willie Taylor Willie Taylor (born Willie Madison Taylor III; March 29, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as a contestant from MTV's \"Making the Band 4\", where he was chosen by Diddy to be a member and one of the main vocalists of the band Day26 on August 26, 2007. Taylor was a member of the Chicago-based group Kwiet Storm. Their music video, \"Leave Me Alone\", appeared on BET's \"Midnight Love\", \"Cita's World\", \" Hits from the Street\", and as a New Joint of the Day on \"106 & Park\".. After ten years with Kwiet Storm, Taylor left to start a solo career. Taylor has worked with well-known artists such as Avant (with whom he co-wrote two songs on \"Director\": \" So Many Ways\" and \"With You\"), Ginuwine, Jagged Edge, and Joe. After leaving \"Kwiet Storm\" Taylor began a solo career, putting his first album on hold to audition for \"Making The Band 4\". The second season of \"Making The Band 4\" revolved around Day26, Danity Kane, and Donnie Klang competing to see who can make a better album. In the season finale Diddy announced that \"Making The Band 4\" would have another season. This time it would revolve around Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie Klang touring. He premiered the video for his new single \"Sex Conversation\" from his mixtape \"Sex Tape\". A new Day26 album titled Forever in a Day was released in April 2009. He is also the CEO of Noivak Music Group. On September 7, 2015, Taylor, his wife Lashanda and two children were featured on the second season of the VH1 spin-off show \"\".", "Day26 discography The following is the discography of American music group Day26. 2008 2009 2012 5. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvZE7w-F770 Willie says Day26 is over  6. ^https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=33dsHfVuzNM Brian on break-up", "Day26 was founded on the Making the Band 4 Season 1 finale on August 26, 2007. Brian Andrews, Michael McCluney, Qwanell Mosley, Robert Curry, and Willie Taylor were chosen to be a part of Diddy's brand new all-male R&B music group, while fellow cast member Donnie Klang was chosen as a solo artist for Bad Boy Records. The name Day 26 was selected from the day that they were picked which was August 26, 2007. After being signed as a group to Bad Boy, Day 26 began another season of Making the Band with label mates Danity Kane and Donnie Klang. Upon this season, Day 26's debut single \"Got Me Going\" was released to download in January 2008. \"Got Me Going\" eventually peaked at #79 on the Billboard Hot 100. Day 26 later released their self-titled album Day26 on March 25, 2008. The next week, the album debuted at #1 on Billboard 200 selling 190,000 copies. This is the third feat. at #1 for Bad Boy winners. Album production includes Mario Winans, Danja, Bryan-Michael Cox, The Runners, and upon many others. The second single \"Since You've Been Gone\" was released on June 9, 2008. The song failed to reach Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at #52 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. A third single was planned, but was scrapped due to low album sales, and production on their next album. Overall, the album sold 387,000 copies. On August 19, 2008, Day26 returned with another season of Making the Band. This season involved in Making the Band 4 - The Tour, which resolved to the break-up of Danity Kane."], "answer": {"text": "Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27.", "answer_start": 785}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sparked the reunion of Day26?", "answer": {"text": "In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the 10 year anniversary experience concert held?", "answer": {"text": "concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26,", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e0e6059874b94492b794ba5c7a107f0b_0_q#3", "question": "Did the band release any albums after their reunion?", "rewrite": "Did Day26 release any albums after the reunion?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hugh Ermen Hugh Ermen (1928\u20132009) was a British horticulturalist. considered one of the United Kingdom's leading amateur apple breeders. He specialised in breeding new apple varieties, especially own root trees, and was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society Associate of Honour in 1988 for his contributions to pomology. The varieties he propagated at the Brogdale Horticultural Experimental Station include popular British garden apples such as: Trees developed by Ermen, such as Scrumptious, have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. Ermen worked at the Ministry of Agriculture's National Fruit Trials at Brogdale in Kent until his retirement; this is where he began to advocate the use of own root fruit trees. He argued that the artificial propagation of two different types of tree created a degree of incompatibility. By growing the fruit tree on its own roots this incompatibility was removed and as a result the tree would be more healthy, live longer, and the fruit would have more flavour. Since the turn of the millennium this research has been adopted both commercially and academically with a view to producing healthier and longer living fruit trees.", "Baumwollspinnerei Ermen &amp; Engels The Baumwollspinnerei Ermen & Engels is a former cotton mill in Engelskirchen, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. It is now part of the LVR Industrial Museum. Engelskirchen is midway between K\u00f6ln and Olpe, today served by the A4 autobahn. In 1840 it was a quiet village on the banks of the Agger (river), a tributary of the Sieg (river). In Bergisches Land it is 54 km south east of Barmen (Wuppertal). This put it in the heart of the North European Textile belt. Friedrich Engels from Barmen, was the father of Friedrich Engels who worked with Karl Marx on a series of influential literary works in the fields of sociology and economics. Engels senior made a visit to Manchester in 1837 with the manufacturer Peter Albertus Ermen. On their return, they founded the company \"Peter Ermen & Co\", which was renamed \"Ermen & Engels\" on 1 August 1838. They planned to convert the Unterbarmen church into a cotton spinning mill, which would spin and double yarn. The church was a two-story Fachwerkhaus, in the old Bergisches Land tradition, and by 1821 the town already had water-powered mills, warehouses and over 50 textile factories. Also in 1837 Engels acquired the former Schnabelsch Hammerwerk in Engelkirchen with the ensuing water-rights. This enabled him to use water from the River Agger to drive a water-wheel, at a point where it dropped over a waterfall. There were expansion possibilities. This land was less expensive, and being less developed than Barmen there was a pool of available labour.", "Willie Taylor Willie Taylor (born Willie Madison Taylor III; March 29, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as a contestant from MTV's \"Making the Band 4\", where he was chosen by Diddy to be a member and one of the main vocalists of the band Day26 on August 26, 2007. Taylor was a member of the Chicago-based group Kwiet Storm. Their music video, \"Leave Me Alone\", appeared on BET's \"Midnight Love\", \"Cita's World\", \" Hits from the Street\", and as a New Joint of the Day on \"106 & Park\".. After ten years with Kwiet Storm, Taylor left to start a solo career. Taylor has worked with well-known artists such as Avant (with whom he co-wrote two songs on \"Director\": \" So Many Ways\" and \"With You\"), Ginuwine, Jagged Edge, and Joe. After leaving \"Kwiet Storm\" Taylor began a solo career, putting his first album on hold to audition for \"Making The Band 4\". The second season of \"Making The Band 4\" revolved around Day26, Danity Kane, and Donnie Klang competing to see who can make a better album. In the season finale Diddy announced that \"Making The Band 4\" would have another season. This time it would revolve around Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie Klang touring. He premiered the video for his new single \"Sex Conversation\" from his mixtape \"Sex Tape\". A new Day26 album titled Forever in a Day was released in April 2009. He is also the CEO of Noivak Music Group. On September 7, 2015, Taylor, his wife Lashanda and two children were featured on the second season of the VH1 spin-off show \"\".", "Day26 (album) Day26 is the debut studio album by R&B group Day26 released on March 25, 2008. \"Day26\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with first week sales of about 190,000 copies, making it the third number one album from \"Making The Band\" winners. The album also debuted at the top of Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts. As of October 11, 2008, the album has re-entered at number 192 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the US. \" Day26\" landed at number 119 on the year end \"Billboard\" 2008. The first single is \"Exclusive (No Excuses)\". The song was only released as a digital promo-only single. The second single is \"Got Me Going\", which peaked at number seventy-nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The third single is \"Since You've Been Gone\".", "On Thursday November 21, 2013, fans received word through Twitter from several group members that the group would reunite and be planning a tour for the next year. Several videos have hit the web showing the group recording material for an upcoming new album. The group planned to release the album before the tour kicked off and in doing so, signed with BMG Rights Management. On May 26, 2014, Day26 releases their first single called \"Bullshit\" off their upcoming EP entitled \"The Return\", that was set to release on June 26, 2014. In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26, to commemorate the day they were formed in 2007. Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27. Joining the concerts' roster of performances is the bands' fellow reality show Making The Band 4/label mate Donnie Klang, who will also celebrate his 10-year solo reunion of the day he was chosen by P. Diddy, which kick-started their careers. In a recent interview with radio personality Sway on his radio show, Sways Universe, Willie announced that the group was recording their third studio album, while also discussing what fame has done for the group in their 10-year run as well as opening up about the controversy with Diddy not allowing the band to appear in the Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour."], "answer": {"text": "In a recent interview with radio personality Sway on his radio show, Sways Universe, Willie announced that the group was recording their third studio album,", "answer_start": 1160}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What sparked the reunion of Day26?", "answer": {"text": "In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the 10 year anniversary experience concert held?", "answer": {"text": "concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26,", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band do a full tour for their reunion?", "answer": {"text": "Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27.", "answer_start": 785, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e0e6059874b94492b794ba5c7a107f0b_0_q#4", "question": "Has the band released their third album?", "rewrite": "Has Day26 released a third album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Day26 (album) Day26 is the debut studio album by R&B group Day26 released on March 25, 2008. \"Day26\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with first week sales of about 190,000 copies, making it the third number one album from \"Making The Band\" winners. The album also debuted at the top of Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts. As of October 11, 2008, the album has re-entered at number 192 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the US. \" Day26\" landed at number 119 on the year end \"Billboard\" 2008. The first single is \"Exclusive (No Excuses)\". The song was only released as a digital promo-only single. The second single is \"Got Me Going\", which peaked at number seventy-nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The third single is \"Since You've Been Gone\".", "Willie Taylor Willie Taylor (born Willie Madison Taylor III; March 29, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as a contestant from MTV's \"Making the Band 4\", where he was chosen by Diddy to be a member and one of the main vocalists of the band Day26 on August 26, 2007. Taylor was a member of the Chicago-based group Kwiet Storm. Their music video, \"Leave Me Alone\", appeared on BET's \"Midnight Love\", \"Cita's World\", \" Hits from the Street\", and as a New Joint of the Day on \"106 & Park\".. After ten years with Kwiet Storm, Taylor left to start a solo career. Taylor has worked with well-known artists such as Avant (with whom he co-wrote two songs on \"Director\": \" So Many Ways\" and \"With You\"), Ginuwine, Jagged Edge, and Joe. After leaving \"Kwiet Storm\" Taylor began a solo career, putting his first album on hold to audition for \"Making The Band 4\". The second season of \"Making The Band 4\" revolved around Day26, Danity Kane, and Donnie Klang competing to see who can make a better album. In the season finale Diddy announced that \"Making The Band 4\" would have another season. This time it would revolve around Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie Klang touring. He premiered the video for his new single \"Sex Conversation\" from his mixtape \"Sex Tape\". A new Day26 album titled Forever in a Day was released in April 2009. He is also the CEO of Noivak Music Group. On September 7, 2015, Taylor, his wife Lashanda and two children were featured on the second season of the VH1 spin-off show \"\".", "Day26 discography The following is the discography of American music group Day26. 2008 2009 2012 5. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvZE7w-F770 Willie says Day26 is over  6. ^https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=33dsHfVuzNM Brian on break-up", "Imma Put It on Her \"Imma Put It on Her\" is the first single from the American R&B boy band Day26's second studio album, \"Forever in a Day\". It features Diddy and Yung Joc. Willie Taylor, Robert Curry, & Que share lead vocals, with Brian Angel and Big Mike providing ad libs. The song was produced by Blaze \"The Champ\" and was released digitally on iTunes on March 31, 2009, with a pre-order of the album \"Forever in a Day\". Though a leaked version of the song containing only Day26 had beenleaked in late February 2009, the updated album version features Diddy and Yung Joc. The song was written by Day26. A video for the song was shot i early March 2009 in Miami, Florida, with director Rage and was released on April 2, 2009, on Day-26.com and Mtv.com. It ranked at #77 on BET's \"Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009\" countdown. Since its release on the iTunes Store, the song has reached #5 on the R&B/Soul chart and #55 on the Top 100 Songs chart. The single entered the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 98 on the issue date of April 11, 2009. The following week it entered on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 11 which equates to 111 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song went on to peak at #79 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #29 on the \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Airplay charts.", "Day26 was founded on the Making the Band 4 Season 1 finale on August 26, 2007. Brian Andrews, Michael McCluney, Qwanell Mosley, Robert Curry, and Willie Taylor were chosen to be a part of Diddy's brand new all-male R&B music group, while fellow cast member Donnie Klang was chosen as a solo artist for Bad Boy Records. The name Day 26 was selected from the day that they were picked which was August 26, 2007. After being signed as a group to Bad Boy, Day 26 began another season of Making the Band with label mates Danity Kane and Donnie Klang. Upon this season, Day 26's debut single \"Got Me Going\" was released to download in January 2008. \"Got Me Going\" eventually peaked at #79 on the Billboard Hot 100. Day 26 later released their self-titled album Day26 on March 25, 2008. The next week, the album debuted at #1 on Billboard 200 selling 190,000 copies. This is the third feat. at #1 for Bad Boy winners. Album production includes Mario Winans, Danja, Bryan-Michael Cox, The Runners, and upon many others. The second single \"Since You've Been Gone\" was released on June 9, 2008. The song failed to reach Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at #52 on Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. A third single was planned, but was scrapped due to low album sales, and production on their next album. Overall, the album sold 387,000 copies. On August 19, 2008, Day26 returned with another season of Making the Band. This season involved in Making the Band 4 - The Tour, which resolved to the break-up of Danity Kane."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sparked the reunion of Day26?", "answer": {"text": "In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the 10 year anniversary experience concert held?", "answer": {"text": "concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26,", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band do a full tour for their reunion?", "answer": {"text": "Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27.", "answer_start": 785, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band release any albums after their reunion?", "answer": {"text": "In a recent interview with radio personality Sway on his radio show, Sways Universe, Willie announced that the group was recording their third studio album,", "answer_start": 1160, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e0e6059874b94492b794ba5c7a107f0b_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than Day26's reunion?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Imma Put It on Her \"Imma Put It on Her\" is the first single from the American R&B boy band Day26's second studio album, \"Forever in a Day\". It features Diddy and Yung Joc. Willie Taylor, Robert Curry, & Que share lead vocals, with Brian Angel and Big Mike providing ad libs. The song was produced by Blaze \"The Champ\" and was released digitally on iTunes on March 31, 2009, with a pre-order of the album \"Forever in a Day\". Though a leaked version of the song containing only Day26 had beenleaked in late February 2009, the updated album version features Diddy and Yung Joc. The song was written by Day26. A video for the song was shot i early March 2009 in Miami, Florida, with director Rage and was released on April 2, 2009, on Day-26.com and Mtv.com. It ranked at #77 on BET's \"Notarized: Top 100 Videos of 2009\" countdown. Since its release on the iTunes Store, the song has reached #5 on the R&B/Soul chart and #55 on the Top 100 Songs chart. The single entered the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 98 on the issue date of April 11, 2009. The following week it entered on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 11 which equates to 111 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song went on to peak at #79 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #29 on the \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and Airplay charts.", "Day26 (album) Day26 is the debut studio album by R&B group Day26 released on March 25, 2008. \"Day26\" debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, with first week sales of about 190,000 copies, making it the third number one album from \"Making The Band\" winners. The album also debuted at the top of Top R&B/ Hip-Hop Albums and Top Comprehensive Albums charts. As of October 11, 2008, the album has re-entered at number 192 on the \"Billboard\" 200 in the US. \" Day26\" landed at number 119 on the year end \"Billboard\" 2008. The first single is \"Exclusive (No Excuses)\". The song was only released as a digital promo-only single. The second single is \"Got Me Going\", which peaked at number seventy-nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The third single is \"Since You've Been Gone\".", "Day26 discography The following is the discography of American music group Day26. 2008 2009 2012 5. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvZE7w-F770 Willie says Day26 is over  6. ^https://www.youtube.com /watch?v=33dsHfVuzNM Brian on break-up", "Willie Taylor Willie Taylor (born Willie Madison Taylor III; March 29, 1981) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as a contestant from MTV's \"Making the Band 4\", where he was chosen by Diddy to be a member and one of the main vocalists of the band Day26 on August 26, 2007. Taylor was a member of the Chicago-based group Kwiet Storm. Their music video, \"Leave Me Alone\", appeared on BET's \"Midnight Love\", \"Cita's World\", \" Hits from the Street\", and as a New Joint of the Day on \"106 & Park\".. After ten years with Kwiet Storm, Taylor left to start a solo career. Taylor has worked with well-known artists such as Avant (with whom he co-wrote two songs on \"Director\": \" So Many Ways\" and \"With You\"), Ginuwine, Jagged Edge, and Joe. After leaving \"Kwiet Storm\" Taylor began a solo career, putting his first album on hold to audition for \"Making The Band 4\". The second season of \"Making The Band 4\" revolved around Day26, Danity Kane, and Donnie Klang competing to see who can make a better album. In the season finale Diddy announced that \"Making The Band 4\" would have another season. This time it would revolve around Danity Kane, Day26, and Donnie Klang touring. He premiered the video for his new single \"Sex Conversation\" from his mixtape \"Sex Tape\". A new Day26 album titled Forever in a Day was released in April 2009. He is also the CEO of Noivak Music Group. On September 7, 2015, Taylor, his wife Lashanda and two children were featured on the second season of the VH1 spin-off show \"\".", "On Thursday November 21, 2013, fans received word through Twitter from several group members that the group would reunite and be planning a tour for the next year. Several videos have hit the web showing the group recording material for an upcoming new album. The group planned to release the album before the tour kicked off and in doing so, signed with BMG Rights Management. On May 26, 2014, Day26 releases their first single called \"Bullshit\" off their upcoming EP entitled \"The Return\", that was set to release on June 26, 2014. In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26, to commemorate the day they were formed in 2007. Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27. Joining the concerts' roster of performances is the bands' fellow reality show Making The Band 4/label mate Donnie Klang, who will also celebrate his 10-year solo reunion of the day he was chosen by P. Diddy, which kick-started their careers. In a recent interview with radio personality Sway on his radio show, Sways Universe, Willie announced that the group was recording their third studio album, while also discussing what fame has done for the group in their 10-year run as well as opening up about the controversy with Diddy not allowing the band to appear in the Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour."], "answer": {"text": "On May 26, 2014, Day26 releases their first single called \"Bullshit\" off their upcoming EP entitled \"The Return\", that was set to release on June 26, 2014.", "answer_start": 378}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What sparked the reunion of Day26?", "answer": {"text": "In Spring 2017, all members of Day26 announced over social media they would hold a \"10 Year Anniversary Experience\" concert", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the 10 year anniversary experience concert held?", "answer": {"text": "concert that would take place at the Highline Ballroom in New York City on August 26,", "answer_start": 650, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band do a full tour for their reunion?", "answer": {"text": "Due to the venue being sold out and overwhelming fans demanding more tickets, the band decided add an encore concert for August 27.", "answer_start": 785, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band release any albums after their reunion?", "answer": {"text": "In a recent interview with radio personality Sway on his radio show, Sways Universe, Willie announced that the group was recording their third studio album,", "answer_start": 1160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has the band released their third album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#0", "question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "rewrite": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Parseghian quickly turned things around in 1964; he re-established a sense of confidence and team spirit that had been lost under Kuharich and Devore. Practices were carefully planned and organized with the help of a coaching staff that consisted of three assistants from Northwestern and four former Notre Dame players. Parseghian listened to players' concerns about the program and addressed them. He invigorated the team's offense by favoring passing and bringing in smaller and quicker players. A rule change allowing unlimited substitutions starting in 1964 helped make this strategy successful; fast-running receivers could now be taken out of the game and rested as others replaced them. Parseghian also recognized talent in quarterback John Huarte and wide receiver Jack Snow, who had been used only sparingly for two seasons by previous coaches. Huarte could throw far and accurately but was soft-spoken, a trait Parseghian and his staff helped change. Snow was large for a receiver of his era, but Parseghian thought his athleticism and sure hands would make him a good wideout. Still, expectations were muted for the 1964 season: Parseghian told his coaches that the team would have a 6-4 record if they were lucky. Sports Illustrated predicted a 5-5 record at best, and the team did not rank among the top 20 programs in the country in the pre-season AP Poll. Notre Dame nonetheless opened the season with a 31-7 victory over heavily favored Wisconsin, a game in which Huarte threw for more yards than the team's leading passer had over the entire 1963 season. Notre Dame players carried Parseghian off the field after the win, which vaulted the team to ninth place in the polls. A string of victories followed, first against Purdue and then Air Force and UCLA.", "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era. Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring, with an average of 36.2 points per game. The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page. The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls. The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated. The contest, one among a number referred to as the \"game of the century\", ended in a 10-10 tie. Parseghian was criticized for winding down the clock instead of trying to score despite having the ball in the final seconds of the game. He defended his strategy by maintaining that several key starters had been knocked out of action early in the game and that he did not want to spoil a courageous comeback from a 10-0 deficit by risking a turnover deep in his own territory late in the game. When Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week, critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie. Subsequent to the USC rout, the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game. Nine members of the team were selected as All-Americans, and Parseghian was named coach of the year by Sporting News. Several winning seasons followed, but Notre Dame did not repeat as national champion in the late 1960s.", "1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. The Irish, coached by Ara Parseghian, ended the season undefeated with 11 wins and no losses, winning the national championship. The Fighting Irish won the title by defeating the previously unbeaten and No. 1 ranked Alabama Crimson Tide in the Sugar Bowl by a score of a 24\u201323. The 1973 squad became the ninth Irish team to win the national title and the second under Parseghian. Although Notre Dame finished No. 1 in the AP Poll to claim the AP national title, they were not awarded the Coaches title, since Alabama was awarded the Coaches Poll title before the bowl season. Ara Parseghian's second national title team was led by its relentless rushing attack. Fullback Wayne Bullock (750 yards), halfback Art Best (700 yards) , halfback Eric Penick (586 yards) and quarterback Tom Clements (360 yards) comprised one of the fastest Irish backfields, with Peneck and Best clocking in under 10 seconds in the 100-yard dash. The Irish started the season strong, amassing large margins of victory over Northwestern, Rice and Army to set up a highly anticipated contest with No. 6 and unbeaten USC. USC came into the contest riding a 23-game unbeaten streak, and USC's star tailback Anthony Davis ran over the Irish the previous year for 6 touchdowns in a 45\u201323 Trojan victory. Moreover, Parseghian had not outright beaten USC since 1966. The Irish defense responded to the challenge, limiting Davis to 55 yards on 19 carries. The star tailback of the day was Notre Dame's Penick, who ran for 118 yards, 50 more than the entire Trojan team. The Irish won the contest 23\u201314 and won its remaining games.", "As a result of this game, the rule was clarified to state that a half cannot end on an accepted defensive foul\u2014consistent with the officials' ruling in this game. In 1964, Ara Parseghian left his job as the Northwestern head football coach when he was hired to take over the coaching duties at Notre Dame. He immediately brought the team back to a level of success in Irish football history that was comparable only to Rockne and Leahy. These three coaches have an 80% or greater winning percentage while at Notre Dame \u2013 Rockne at .881, Leahy at .864, and Parseghian at .836. Parseghian's teams never won fewer than seven nor lost more than three games during the ten game regular seasons of the era. In his first year, the Irish improved their record to 9\u20131, but they lost the national championship in the last game of the season at USC when Craig Fertig connected with a touchdown pass to Rod Sherman. Parseghian earned coach of the year honors from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association, and \"The Sporting News\", as well as several others, and a cover story in \"Time\" magazine. Parseghian was also named coach of the year by several selectors in his national championship years of 1966 and 1973 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. It was under Parseghian as well that Notre Dame lifted its 40-plus year-old \"no bowl games\" policy, beginning with the season of 1969, after which the Irish played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing in the final minutes in a closely contested game. The following year, Parseghian's 9\u20131 squad ended Texas' Southwest Conference record 30-game winning streak in the 1971 Cotton Bowl.", "In his second year with the Redskins, Hayes led the 1950 squad to a 9\u20131 record and an appearance in the Salad Bowl, where they defeated Arizona State. Before the game, Hayes stated that the Sun Devils were afraid to play Miami, because Miami would beat them by two touchdowns. Hayes made good on the statement, with the Redskins winning, 34\u201321. Hayes had helped bring The Miami football program back to prominence after several years of mediocrity and absence from the spotlight. That success led him to accept the Ohio State head coaching position on February 18, 1951, where Hayes would cement himself as one of college football's greatest coaches. Hayes' final record at Miami is 14\u20135. Ara Parseghian was chosen to take over as head coach of the Redskins after Hayes' departure. Parseghian's teams at Miami consistently did well in the Mid-American Conference, posting a 7\u20133 record in 1951 and improving to 8\u20131 the following year. The Redskins were conference champions in 1954 and in 1955, when they went undefeated. Parseghian's success, which included two wins over larger Big Ten schools, raised his profile nationally as a head coaching prospect. In late 1955, he departed Miami and was hired to become head football coach at Northwestern, one of the Big Ten schools Miami had beaten. Parseghian compiled a 39\u20136\u20131 record in five seasons at Miami. After his tenure at Northwestern, Parseghian would go on to cement a Hall of Fame career as head coach at Notre Dame, where his teams won the National Championship in 1966 and 1973. Parseghian's winning percentage at Miami (.859) is the highest of any full-time Miami head coach in the last 100 years. To replace Parseghian, Miami promoted John Pont from assistant coach to head coach."], "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#1", "question": "How many games did he win?", "rewrite": "How many games did Ara Parseghian win?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["But coach Ara Parseghian, not wanting to risk a turnover that could hand the game to the Spartans, chose to run the clock out, preserving the tie and Notre Dame's No. 1 ranking. After making a first down with ten seconds left, O'Brien dropped back to pass and was sacked by Bubba Smith. On the last play of the game, O'Brien gained five yards on a quarterback sneak. The game ended in a 10\u201310 tie. For nearly 50 years, Parseghian has defended his end-of-the-game strategy, which left many fans feeling disappointed at the game not having some sort of resolution. Michigan State fans and other Notre Dame detractors calling him a coward and college football expert Dan Jenkins leading off his article for Sports Illustrated by saying Parseghian chose to \"Tie one for the Gipper. \" In that same article, Parseghian was quoted as saying, \"We'd fought hard to come back and tie it up. After all that, I didn't want to risk giving it to them cheap. They get reckless and it could cost them the game. I wasn't going to do a jackass thing like that at this point.\" \"The game ended in a tie,\" Parseghian said. \"We didn't play for a tie.\" \"Neither Duffy Daugherty nor I expected a tie or wanted a tie,\" Parseghian said. \"The game ended in a tie in one of the historic games. Strategically, I knew what I was doing in the game. You have to remember Duffy kicked the ball back to me. My starting quarterback, starting center, starting left tackle and all my top guys were over on the bench with me. We hadn't completed a pass in the last seven or eight attempts.\"", "Tirrel Burton Tirrel Burton (November 19, 1929 \u2013 January 17, 2017) was an American football player, coach, and radio broadcaster. He played halfback for Ara Parseghian's championship teams at Miami University in 1954 and 1955 and led the undefeated, untied 1955 team in rushing, scoring, pass interceptions, kickoff returns and punt returns, while breaking the university's all-time single-season scoring record. He played one year of professional football in 1956 for the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League. He was an assistant football coach at Central State University (1968), Miami University (1969) and the University of Michigan (1970\u20131991). He became a radio announcer for Michigan Wolverines football games on WUOM radio in 1994. After three-and-a-half years of military service, Burton enrolled at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Miami's head football coach at the time, Ara Parseghian, recruited Burton to Miami. Parseghian recalled, \"He had tremendous speed and we were anxious to have him. He could break the line. That's what every coach looks for.\" Burton became a two-sport star at Miami, lettering three years each in both football and track from 1953 to 1955. As a halfback on Parseghian's football teams, Burton helped lead Miami to Mid-American Conference championships in both 1954 and 1955. The 1955 team compiled a perfect 9-0 record, and Burton led the team in rushing (722 yards in 82 carries), scoring (84 points), pass interceptions (4), kickoff returns (3 for 68 yards) and punt returns (14 for 216 yards). Burton's 84 points in 1955 (14 touchdowns in nine games) broke the school's single-season scoring record.", "1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. The Irish, coached by Ara Parseghian, ended the season undefeated with 11 wins and no losses, winning the national championship. The Fighting Irish won the title by defeating the previously unbeaten and No. 1 ranked Alabama Crimson Tide in the Sugar Bowl by a score of a 24\u201323. The 1973 squad became the ninth Irish team to win the national title and the second under Parseghian. Although Notre Dame finished No. 1 in the AP Poll to claim the AP national title, they were not awarded the Coaches title, since Alabama was awarded the Coaches Poll title before the bowl season. Ara Parseghian's second national title team was led by its relentless rushing attack. Fullback Wayne Bullock (750 yards), halfback Art Best (700 yards) , halfback Eric Penick (586 yards) and quarterback Tom Clements (360 yards) comprised one of the fastest Irish backfields, with Peneck and Best clocking in under 10 seconds in the 100-yard dash. The Irish started the season strong, amassing large margins of victory over Northwestern, Rice and Army to set up a highly anticipated contest with No. 6 and unbeaten USC. USC came into the contest riding a 23-game unbeaten streak, and USC's star tailback Anthony Davis ran over the Irish the previous year for 6 touchdowns in a 45\u201323 Trojan victory. Moreover, Parseghian had not outright beaten USC since 1966. The Irish defense responded to the challenge, limiting Davis to 55 yards on 19 carries. The star tailback of the day was Notre Dame's Penick, who ran for 118 yards, 50 more than the entire Trojan team. The Irish won the contest 23\u201314 and won its remaining games.", "As a result of this game, the rule was clarified to state that a half cannot end on an accepted defensive foul\u2014consistent with the officials' ruling in this game. In 1964, Ara Parseghian left his job as the Northwestern head football coach when he was hired to take over the coaching duties at Notre Dame. He immediately brought the team back to a level of success in Irish football history that was comparable only to Rockne and Leahy. These three coaches have an 80% or greater winning percentage while at Notre Dame \u2013 Rockne at .881, Leahy at .864, and Parseghian at .836. Parseghian's teams never won fewer than seven nor lost more than three games during the ten game regular seasons of the era. In his first year, the Irish improved their record to 9\u20131, but they lost the national championship in the last game of the season at USC when Craig Fertig connected with a touchdown pass to Rod Sherman. Parseghian earned coach of the year honors from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association, and \"The Sporting News\", as well as several others, and a cover story in \"Time\" magazine. Parseghian was also named coach of the year by several selectors in his national championship years of 1966 and 1973 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. It was under Parseghian as well that Notre Dame lifted its 40-plus year-old \"no bowl games\" policy, beginning with the season of 1969, after which the Irish played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing in the final minutes in a closely contested game. The following year, Parseghian's 9\u20131 squad ended Texas' Southwest Conference record 30-game winning streak in the 1971 Cotton Bowl.", "In his second year with the Redskins, Hayes led the 1950 squad to a 9\u20131 record and an appearance in the Salad Bowl, where they defeated Arizona State. Before the game, Hayes stated that the Sun Devils were afraid to play Miami, because Miami would beat them by two touchdowns. Hayes made good on the statement, with the Redskins winning, 34\u201321. Hayes had helped bring The Miami football program back to prominence after several years of mediocrity and absence from the spotlight. That success led him to accept the Ohio State head coaching position on February 18, 1951, where Hayes would cement himself as one of college football's greatest coaches. Hayes' final record at Miami is 14\u20135. Ara Parseghian was chosen to take over as head coach of the Redskins after Hayes' departure. Parseghian's teams at Miami consistently did well in the Mid-American Conference, posting a 7\u20133 record in 1951 and improving to 8\u20131 the following year. The Redskins were conference champions in 1954 and in 1955, when they went undefeated. Parseghian's success, which included two wins over larger Big Ten schools, raised his profile nationally as a head coaching prospect. In late 1955, he departed Miami and was hired to become head football coach at Northwestern, one of the Big Ten schools Miami had beaten. Parseghian compiled a 39\u20136\u20131 record in five seasons at Miami. After his tenure at Northwestern, Parseghian would go on to cement a Hall of Fame career as head coach at Notre Dame, where his teams won the National Championship in 1966 and 1973. Parseghian's winning percentage at Miami (.859) is the highest of any full-time Miami head coach in the last 100 years. To replace Parseghian, Miami promoted John Pont from assistant coach to head coach."], "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#2", "question": "Who played for the team?", "rewrite": "Who played for Notre Dame?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2007 Navy vs. Notre Dame football game The 2007 Navy vs. Notre Dame football game ended the longest all-time college football consecutive wins streak by one team over another. On November 3, 2007, the Navy Midshipmen defeated the Notre Dame Fighting Irish 46\u201344 in triple-overtime at Notre Dame's home field, Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. Notre Dame came into this annual game with 43 straight wins against Navy since the last loss against Heisman Trophy winner Roger Staubach in 1963. With the win, Navy improved to 5\u20134 and Notre Dame fell to 1\u20138 on the season. The Navy\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry is the longest running college football series between two teams not in the same conference. The 2007 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team began the season with a 33\u20133 loss to Georgia Tech. It was the most lopsided loss Notre Dame had ever suffered in a season-opening game. Notre Dame then lost to Penn State, Michigan (tying Notre Dame's worst-ever loss at 38\u20130), Michigan State, and Purdue It was the first time in school history for Notre Dame to open the season with five losses. Notre Dame's worst opening before 2007 was 0\u20133. The Fighting Irish snapped their losing streak with a win at UCLA but then lost to Boston College and USC to fall to 1\u20137. With only four regular season games remaining, Notre Dame was assured of a losing season and they were out of contention for a bowl game. The 2007 Navy Midshipmen football team was off to a better start. They had achieved victories against Temple, Duke, Air Force, and Pittsburgh. Losses against Rutgers, Ball State, Wake Forest, and Delaware put them 4\u20134 on the season. With four games remaining in the season, Navy needed to win at least two in order to be invited to a bowl game.", "Notre Dame Fighting Irish football The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the intercollegiate football team representing the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. The team is currently coached by Brian Kelly and plays its home games at the campus's Notre Dame Stadium, which has a capacity of 77,622. Notre Dame is one of six schools that competes as an Independent at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision level; however, they play five games a year against opponents from the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), which Notre Dame is a member of in all other sports except ice hockey. The school claims 11 national championships, but the NCAA recognizes the school with 13. Moreover, Notre Dame has 21 national championships recognized by all major selectors; this is tied with Alabama for the most in the FBS. Notre Dame, Oklahoma and Ohio State share the record of seven Heisman Trophy winners. Notre Dame has produced 101 consensus All-Americans, 34 unanimous All-Americans, 52 members of the College Football Hall of Fame, and 13 members of the NFL Hall of Fame, all NCAA records. Notre Dame has had 495 players selected in the NFL Draft, second only to USC. All Notre Dame home games have been televised by NBC since 1991, and Notre Dame is the only school to have such a contract. It was the only independent program to be part of the Bowl Championship Series coalition and its guaranteed payout, and it has one of the largest, most widespread fan bases in college football. These factors help make Notre Dame one of the most financially valuable football programs in the country, which allows the school to remain an independent. Football did not have an auspicious beginning at the University of Notre Dame. In their inaugural game on November 23, 1887, the Irish lost to Michigan by a score of 8\u20130.", "Past sites have included New Zealand, Australia, Spain, Portugal, Croatia, and most recently South Africa in 2018. The Notre Dame Band maintains close ties with all of the Notre Dame Band Alumni through a variety of communications including frequent newsletters. The Notre Dame Band Alumni are invited back to Notre Dame to perform with the student Notre Dame Band during a Notre Dame home football game approximately once every 4 years since 1985. On Saturday, October 13th, 2018, almost 400 Notre Dame Band Alumni returned to practice, march, and perform with the student Notre Dame Band during the halftime show at the Notre Dame vs Pittsburgh football game for a sold out crowd. The Notre Dame Band Alumni participant graduation years ranged from 1952 to 2017, and included 8 drum majors, 70 percussion, 200 woodwinds, and 190 brass. The 2018 Notre Dame Alumni Band played the \"Hike Notre Dame\", \"Down the Line\", \"1812 Overture\", and the \"Notre Dame Victory March\". arrangements. Past Notre Dame Band reunions included the 2006, 2010, 2014 Notre Dame vs. Stanford football Games.", "Notre Dame, Indiana Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of the city of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges: the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973. Holy Cross Village at Notre Dame is a retirement community offering continuing care in Notre Dame, Indiana. It is owned by the Brothers of Holy Cross and managed by the Franciscan Sisters of Chicago Service Corporation. Notre Dame, Indiana, is also the home of three major headquarters of Holy Cross religious communities. On the campus of Saint Mary's College the Sisters of the Holy Cross have their Congregational Administration. The Holy Cross College campus is the location of the Provincial Offices of two provinces of the Congregation of Holy Cross: the Midwest Province of Brothers and the Indiana Province of Priests and Brothers. In addition to these, Notre Dame also holds provinces of the Superior Faith, which are the Eastern Province of Sisters and the Notre Dame Province of Holy Cross. As unincorporated communities do not have a municipal government, Notre Dame, Indiana's government entities are the United States post office and the colleges' police forces. All colleges and universities in Indiana are entitled to an independent police force by law. The University of Notre Dame also has its own fire department and supplies its own water and power utilities, except University Village and Cripe Street Apartments, Notre Dame's family and married housing get their electricity from AEP. A post office has been in operation in Notre Dame since 1851. The United States Postal Service Notre Dame Post Office is located in the northwest corner of Hammes Mowbray Hall, west of East Gate along Juniper Road on the University of Notre Dame campus.", "Michigan\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry The Michigan\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Michigan Wolverines and Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Michigan football and Notre Dame football are considered to be among the most elite college programs. Michigan ranks #1 in all-time win percentage and all-time wins, while Notre Dame ranks #4 in all-time win percentage and #6 in all-time wins. The rivalry is heightened by the two schools' competition for all-time win percentage, which each has held during their history, as well as national championships, with each school claiming 11 titles while the NCAA recognizes 13 Notre Dame titles and 9 Michigan titles. Moreover, both schools are renowned for their Heisman Trophy winners (7 for Notre Dame and 3 for Michigan), consensus All-Americans (101 for Notre Dame and 82 for Michigan), College Football Hall of Fame members (52 for Notre Dame and 36 for Michigan), and NFL draft picks (495 for Notre Dame and 362 for Michigan). Michigan is a member of the Big Ten Conference while Notre Dame football is independent. In 2013, Notre Dame joined the Atlantic Coast Conference in all sports except football and hockey, though the football team has played five ACC opponents each season since 2014. Notre Dame and Michigan initially reached a mutual agreement to suspend the series for the 2018 and 2019 football season. Notre Dame then decided to cancel the 2015 through 2017 games, citing the need to play ACC games. It was announced that after a three-year hiatus, the series will resume in 2018 and 2019. Notre Dame and Michigan first played on November 23, 1887 in Notre Dame's first football game in South Bend, Indiana. The Wolverines proceeded to win the first eight contests, before Notre Dame notched its first win in the series in 1909."], "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#3", "question": "Any other notable players?", "rewrite": "Any other notable players besides Terry Hanratty, Nick Eddy, Jim Seymour and Larry Conjar?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jim Seymour (American football) James Patrick Seymour (November 24, 1946 \u2013 March 29, 2011) was an American football wide receiver who played three seasons for the Chicago Bears in the National Football League. He was originally selected by the Los Angeles Rams in the first round of the 1969 NFL Draft, 10th pick overall. In 1974, he played for the Chicago Fire of the WFL. Seymour played high school football at Shrine of the Little Flower High School, Royal Oak, Michigan, and college football at Notre Dame, where he was a two-time First-team All-American (1967, 1968) while also being a Second-team All-America selection in 1966. He is widely considered to be one of the Top 50 players in Notre Dame history, and is one of only five three-time football All-Americans at the school ( Leon Hart, Ken MacAfee, Chris Zorich, Luther Bradley). Seymour was featured on the cover of Time Magazine in the October 28th, 1966 issue, along with Terry Hanratty. He was the older brother of former professional football player Paul Seymour. Seymour died on March 29, 2011 from cancer.", "Terry Hanratty Terrence Hugh Hanratty (born January 19, 1948) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League during the 1960s and 1970s. He earned two Super Bowl rings as the backup quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Terry's son Conor also plays football for Notre Dame as an offensive guard. Hanratty attended St. Paul Butler Catholic School and Butler Senior High School in western Pennsylvania, before attending the University of Notre Dame where he was a three-year starter and twice an All-American, as well as a Heisman Trophy candidate. Hanratty and Jim Seymour formed a passing/receiving duo leading Notre Dame to the national championship in 1966. Hanratty would also be teammates and friends with halfback Rocky Bleier at Notre Dame before the two were teammates in Pittsburgh. In 1969, Hanratty was selected in the second round of the NFL Draft by the Steelers' new head coach, Chuck Noll, and was the starting quarterback for a short time before losing the job to the Steelers' No. 1 1970 overall draft pick Terry Bradshaw. Hanratty would be the last Pittsburgh-area native to start a game at quarterback for the Steelers, until Homestead native Charlie Batch would fill in for an injured Ben Roethlisberger for two games during the team's Super Bowl-winning season in 2005. Hanratty suited up for Super Bowl IX, but did not see action. In 1975, Hanratty played in only one regular season game, for only two plays. However, he played more in the postseason, getting into two playoff games. In the AFC Championship Game he finished the game at quarterback, taking the Steelers' last two offensive snaps, after Bradshaw was hurt. He also finished Super Bowl X at quarterback in what turned out to be his last game as a Steeler, taking the team's last four offensive snaps.", "The second half exists in its entirety, as do both scoring drives starting in the second quarter (Michigan State's field goal and Notre Dame's touchdown). Irish quarterback Terry Hanratty was knocked out after getting sacked in the first quarter by Spartan defensive lineman Bubba Smith. Starting Notre Dame running back Nick Eddy was out entirely after hurting his shoulder by slipping on ice while getting off the train in East Lansing. Center George Goeddeke wrenched his ankle on a punt play. Michigan State jumped out to a 7\u20130 lead behind a five-yard touchdown run by Regis Cavender early in the second quarter. Later in the half, MSU added a field goal (by barefooted Hawaiian Dick Kenney). But the Irish came back, quickly scoring a touchdown on a 34-yard pass thrown by backup quarterback Coley O'Brien over the outstretched hand of MSU safety Jess Phillips to halfback Bob Gladieux. MSU took a 10\u20137 lead into the locker room at the half. Notre Dame tied the game on the first play of the fourth quarter on Joe Azzaro's 28-yard field goal. Perhaps the best second-half scoring opportunity for MSU occurred during a pass thrown from Jimmy Raye to Gene Washington. The speedy wide receiver had outrun Raye's deep pass and Notre Dame's defensive backfield. Washington was forced to double back, and in so doing was caught by the defense. Tom Schoen's second interception of the game put Notre Dame in a position to take the lead, but Azzaro's 41-yard field goal attempt missed by inches to the right. Later in the game, Notre Dame had the ball on its own 30-yard line with 1:10 left. They needed about 40 yards for a game-winning field goal.", "This was the first time in 20 years that a college football game was given the \"Game of the Century\" tag by the national media. The game was not shown live on national TV. The agreement between the NCAA and ABC in effect at the time limited each team to one national television appearance and two regional television appearances each season. Notre Dame had used their national TV slot in the season opening game against Purdue. ABC executives did not even want to show the game anywhere but the regional area, but pressure from the West Coast and the South (to the tune of 50,000 letters) made ABC air the game on tape delay. Irish quarterback Terry Hanratty was knocked out after getting sacked in the first quarter by Spartan defensive lineman Bubba Smith. Starting Notre Dame running back Nick Eddy was out entirely after hurting his shoulder getting off the train in East Lansing. Michigan State held a 10\u20130 lead by early in the second quarter. But the Irish came back, scoring a touchdown right after Michigan State's field goal and tied the game on the first play of the fourth quarter. Notre Dame had the ball on its own 30-yard line with 1:10 to go, needing about 40 yards for a game-winning field goal. But Notre Dame coach Ara Parseghian chose to run the clock out, not wanting to risk a turnover, preserving the tie and Notre Dame's #1 ranking. The game ended in a 10\u201310 tie. For the subsequent 50 years, Parseghian defended his end-of-the-game strategy, which left many fans feeling disappointed at the game not having some sort of resolution. College football expert Dan Jenkins led off his article for \"Sports Illustrated\" by saying Parseghian chose to \"Tie one for the Gipper.\" Others chided Notre Dame by calling them the \"Tying Irish\" instead of the \"Fighting Irish.\"", "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era. Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring, with an average of 36.2 points per game. The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page. The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls. The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated. The contest, one among a number referred to as the \"game of the century\", ended in a 10-10 tie. Parseghian was criticized for winding down the clock instead of trying to score despite having the ball in the final seconds of the game. He defended his strategy by maintaining that several key starters had been knocked out of action early in the game and that he did not want to spoil a courageous comeback from a 10-0 deficit by risking a turnover deep in his own territory late in the game. When Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week, critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie. Subsequent to the USC rout, the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game. Nine members of the team were selected as All-Americans, and Parseghian was named coach of the year by Sporting News. Several winning seasons followed, but Notre Dame did not repeat as national champion in the late 1960s."], "answer": {"text": "The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page.", "answer_start": 295}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who played for the team?", "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#4", "question": "What else is significant about this national title?", "rewrite": "What else is significant about the national title besides Parseghian guiding Notre Dame to championship?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["From 1928\u20131932, USC and Notre Dame combined to win the national title five straight years, with USC winning in 1928, 1931, and 1932, and Notre Dame winning in 1929 and 1930. During this period, there was some talk of canceling the series, due to the long amount of travel time it took by train from South Bend to Los Angeles. Rockne argued for the series against the Notre Dame faculty board and its chair, Father Mulcaire, countering that \"he saw the day coming when most college teams will be going by air exclusively..\" Notable Games: The 1940s were good for the Irish, which earned national titles in 1943, 1946, 1947, and 1949. Meanwhile, USC was fielding competitive teams, but none of title caliber. Still, this era provided some memorable games, with USC playing spoiler to the Irish in 1948. Notable Games: The 1960s\u20131982 period is considered by most fans to be the golden age of the rivalry, as Notre Dame and USC combined to win eight national titles. Notre Dame won national titles in the 1966, 1973, and 1977 seasons; USC won titles in 1962, 1967, 1972, 1974, and 1978. USC also played spoiler to Notre Dame in the 1964 season, costing them a chance at the national title. The rivalry was equally intense between USC coach John McKay and Notre Dame coach Ara Parseghian. From 1983 to 1993, Notre Dame entered an unprecedented run of success in the series, beating USC 11 straight times. Including a 1994 tie, USC did not beat Notre Dame until 1996, going 13 years without a win. Despite the one-sided nature of the series during this time period, the rivalry still produced several memorable games, including the series' first and only #1 vs #2 matchup to date. Notable Games:", "1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. The Irish, coached by Ara Parseghian, ended the season undefeated with 11 wins and no losses, winning the national championship. The Fighting Irish won the title by defeating the previously unbeaten and No. 1 ranked Alabama Crimson Tide in the Sugar Bowl by a score of a 24\u201323. The 1973 squad became the ninth Irish team to win the national title and the second under Parseghian. Although Notre Dame finished No. 1 in the AP Poll to claim the AP national title, they were not awarded the Coaches title, since Alabama was awarded the Coaches Poll title before the bowl season. Ara Parseghian's second national title team was led by its relentless rushing attack. Fullback Wayne Bullock (750 yards), halfback Art Best (700 yards) , halfback Eric Penick (586 yards) and quarterback Tom Clements (360 yards) comprised one of the fastest Irish backfields, with Peneck and Best clocking in under 10 seconds in the 100-yard dash. The Irish started the season strong, amassing large margins of victory over Northwestern, Rice and Army to set up a highly anticipated contest with No. 6 and unbeaten USC. USC came into the contest riding a 23-game unbeaten streak, and USC's star tailback Anthony Davis ran over the Irish the previous year for 6 touchdowns in a 45\u201323 Trojan victory. Moreover, Parseghian had not outright beaten USC since 1966. The Irish defense responded to the challenge, limiting Davis to 55 yards on 19 carries. The star tailback of the day was Notre Dame's Penick, who ran for 118 yards, 50 more than the entire Trojan team. The Irish won the contest 23\u201314 and won its remaining games.", "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era. Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring, with an average of 36.2 points per game. The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page. The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls. The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated. The contest, one among a number referred to as the \"game of the century\", ended in a 10-10 tie. Parseghian was criticized for winding down the clock instead of trying to score despite having the ball in the final seconds of the game. He defended his strategy by maintaining that several key starters had been knocked out of action early in the game and that he did not want to spoil a courageous comeback from a 10-0 deficit by risking a turnover deep in his own territory late in the game. When Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week, critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie. Subsequent to the USC rout, the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game. Nine members of the team were selected as All-Americans, and Parseghian was named coach of the year by Sporting News. Several winning seasons followed, but Notre Dame did not repeat as national champion in the late 1960s.", "As a result of this game, the rule was clarified to state that a half cannot end on an accepted defensive foul\u2014consistent with the officials' ruling in this game. In 1964, Ara Parseghian left his job as the Northwestern head football coach when he was hired to take over the coaching duties at Notre Dame. He immediately brought the team back to a level of success in Irish football history that was comparable only to Rockne and Leahy. These three coaches have an 80% or greater winning percentage while at Notre Dame \u2013 Rockne at .881, Leahy at .864, and Parseghian at .836. Parseghian's teams never won fewer than seven nor lost more than three games during the ten game regular seasons of the era. In his first year, the Irish improved their record to 9\u20131, but they lost the national championship in the last game of the season at USC when Craig Fertig connected with a touchdown pass to Rod Sherman. Parseghian earned coach of the year honors from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association, and \"The Sporting News\", as well as several others, and a cover story in \"Time\" magazine. Parseghian was also named coach of the year by several selectors in his national championship years of 1966 and 1973 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. It was under Parseghian as well that Notre Dame lifted its 40-plus year-old \"no bowl games\" policy, beginning with the season of 1969, after which the Irish played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing in the final minutes in a closely contested game. The following year, Parseghian's 9\u20131 squad ended Texas' Southwest Conference record 30-game winning streak in the 1971 Cotton Bowl.", "Due to health issues, Parseghian was forced to retire from coaching after the 1974 season. Dan Devine was hired to take over as head coach upon Parseghian's departure from Notre Dame in 1975. Devine was already a highly successful coach and had led Arizona State, Missouri, and the NFL's Green Bay Packers. Devine had been a leading candidate for the head coaching job at Notre Dame in 1964, when Ara Parseghian was hired. When approached for the job following Parseghian's resignation, Devine accepted immediately, joking that it was probably the shortest job interview in history. When he arrived at Notre Dame he already had a college coaching record of 120 wins, 40 losses, and eight ties and had led his teams to victory in four bowl games. At Notre Dame he would lead the Irish to 53 wins, 16 losses, and a tie as well as three bowl victories. His lasting achievement came midway through this run, when Notre Dame won the 1977 national championship, led by junior quarterback Joe Montana. The championship season climaxed with a 38\u201310 win in the 1978 Cotton Bowl Classic over previously top-ranked Texas, led by Heisman Trophy winner Earl Campbell. The win vaulted the Irish from fifth to first in the polls. Earlier in the season, before the annual game against USC, played at home on October 22, Devine changed the team's jerseys from navy blue & white to kelly green & gold, later known as the \"green jersey game\" resulting in a 49\u201319 victory over the Trojans. The Irish continued to wear green for the rest of Devine's tenure at the school. Like Joe Kuharich before him, Devine was involved in a game while at Notre Dame whose ending resulted in a rule change still in effect today."], "answer": {"text": "the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game.", "answer_start": 1393}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who played for the team?", "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable players?", "answer": {"text": "The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page.", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#5", "question": "What teams did they play that season?", "rewrite": "What teams did Parseghian's team play in the 1966 season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era. Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring, with an average of 36.2 points per game. The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page. The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls. The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated. The contest, one among a number referred to as the \"game of the century\", ended in a 10-10 tie. Parseghian was criticized for winding down the clock instead of trying to score despite having the ball in the final seconds of the game. He defended his strategy by maintaining that several key starters had been knocked out of action early in the game and that he did not want to spoil a courageous comeback from a 10-0 deficit by risking a turnover deep in his own territory late in the game. When Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week, critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie. Subsequent to the USC rout, the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game. Nine members of the team were selected as All-Americans, and Parseghian was named coach of the year by Sporting News. Several winning seasons followed, but Notre Dame did not repeat as national champion in the late 1960s.", "Parseghian quickly turned things around in 1964; he re-established a sense of confidence and team spirit that had been lost under Kuharich and Devore. Practices were carefully planned and organized with the help of a coaching staff that consisted of three assistants from Northwestern and four former Notre Dame players. Parseghian listened to players' concerns about the program and addressed them. He invigorated the team's offense by favoring passing and bringing in smaller and quicker players. A rule change allowing unlimited substitutions starting in 1964 helped make this strategy successful; fast-running receivers could now be taken out of the game and rested as others replaced them. Parseghian also recognized talent in quarterback John Huarte and wide receiver Jack Snow, who had been used only sparingly for two seasons by previous coaches. Huarte could throw far and accurately but was soft-spoken, a trait Parseghian and his staff helped change. Snow was large for a receiver of his era, but Parseghian thought his athleticism and sure hands would make him a good wideout. Still, expectations were muted for the 1964 season: Parseghian told his coaches that the team would have a 6-4 record if they were lucky. Sports Illustrated predicted a 5-5 record at best, and the team did not rank among the top 20 programs in the country in the pre-season AP Poll. Notre Dame nonetheless opened the season with a 31-7 victory over heavily favored Wisconsin, a game in which Huarte threw for more yards than the team's leading passer had over the entire 1963 season. Notre Dame players carried Parseghian off the field after the win, which vaulted the team to ninth place in the polls. A string of victories followed, first against Purdue and then Air Force and UCLA.", "In his second year with the Redskins, Hayes led the 1950 squad to a 9\u20131 record and an appearance in the Salad Bowl, where they defeated Arizona State. Before the game, Hayes stated that the Sun Devils were afraid to play Miami, because Miami would beat them by two touchdowns. Hayes made good on the statement, with the Redskins winning, 34\u201321. Hayes had helped bring The Miami football program back to prominence after several years of mediocrity and absence from the spotlight. That success led him to accept the Ohio State head coaching position on February 18, 1951, where Hayes would cement himself as one of college football's greatest coaches. Hayes' final record at Miami is 14\u20135. Ara Parseghian was chosen to take over as head coach of the Redskins after Hayes' departure. Parseghian's teams at Miami consistently did well in the Mid-American Conference, posting a 7\u20133 record in 1951 and improving to 8\u20131 the following year. The Redskins were conference champions in 1954 and in 1955, when they went undefeated. Parseghian's success, which included two wins over larger Big Ten schools, raised his profile nationally as a head coaching prospect. In late 1955, he departed Miami and was hired to become head football coach at Northwestern, one of the Big Ten schools Miami had beaten. Parseghian compiled a 39\u20136\u20131 record in five seasons at Miami. After his tenure at Northwestern, Parseghian would go on to cement a Hall of Fame career as head coach at Notre Dame, where his teams won the National Championship in 1966 and 1973. Parseghian's winning percentage at Miami (.859) is the highest of any full-time Miami head coach in the last 100 years. To replace Parseghian, Miami promoted John Pont from assistant coach to head coach.", "These three coaches have an 80% or greater winning percentage while at Notre Dame \u2013 Rockne at .881, Leahy at .864, and Parseghian at .836. Parseghian's teams never won fewer than seven nor lost more than three games during the ten game regular seasons of the era. In his first year, the Irish improved their record to 9\u20131, but they lost the national championship in the last game of the season at USC when Craig Fertig connected with a touchdown pass to Rod Sherman. Parseghian earned coach of the year honors from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association, and \"The Sporting News\", as well as several others, and a cover story in \"Time\" magazine. Parseghian was also named coach of the year by several selectors in his national championship years of 1966 and 1973 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. It was under Parseghian as well that Notre Dame lifted its 40-plus year-old \"no bowl games\" policy, beginning with the season of 1969, after which the Irish played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing in the final minutes in a closely contested game. The following year, Parseghian's 9\u20131 squad ended Texas' Southwest Conference record 30-game winning streak in the 1971 Cotton Bowl. During his eleven-year career, the Irish amassed a record of 95\u201317\u20134 and captured two national championships as well as the MacArthur Bowl in 1964. The Irish also had undefeated seasons in 1966 and 1973, had three major bowl wins in five appearances, and produced one Heisman Trophy winner (John Huarte in 1964). In 1971, Cliff Brown became the first African-American quarterback to start a game for the program.", "As a result of this game, the rule was clarified to state that a half cannot end on an accepted defensive foul\u2014consistent with the officials' ruling in this game. In 1964, Ara Parseghian left his job as the Northwestern head football coach when he was hired to take over the coaching duties at Notre Dame. He immediately brought the team back to a level of success in Irish football history that was comparable only to Rockne and Leahy. These three coaches have an 80% or greater winning percentage while at Notre Dame \u2013 Rockne at .881, Leahy at .864, and Parseghian at .836. Parseghian's teams never won fewer than seven nor lost more than three games during the ten game regular seasons of the era. In his first year, the Irish improved their record to 9\u20131, but they lost the national championship in the last game of the season at USC when Craig Fertig connected with a touchdown pass to Rod Sherman. Parseghian earned coach of the year honors from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association, and \"The Sporting News\", as well as several others, and a cover story in \"Time\" magazine. Parseghian was also named coach of the year by several selectors in his national championship years of 1966 and 1973 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. It was under Parseghian as well that Notre Dame lifted its 40-plus year-old \"no bowl games\" policy, beginning with the season of 1969, after which the Irish played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing in the final minutes in a closely contested game. The following year, Parseghian's 9\u20131 squad ended Texas' Southwest Conference record 30-game winning streak in the 1971 Cotton Bowl."], "answer": {"text": "Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week,", "answer_start": 1151}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who played for the team?", "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable players?", "answer": {"text": "The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page.", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant about this national title?", "answer": {"text": "the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game.", "answer_start": 1393, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#6", "question": "What other teams were part of their season?", "rewrite": "What other teams were part of the 1966 season besides USC ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1966 NCAA University Division baseball season The 1966 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1966. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1965 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the twentieth time in 1966, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Ohio State claimed the championship. This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1966 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 11 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 17 teams earned at-large selections. The following is an incomplete list of conference standings: The 1966 season marked the twentieth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Ohio State claiming their first championship with an 8\u20132 win over Oklahoma State in the final.", "1966 Daytona 500 The 1966 Daytona 500, the 8th running of the event, was won by Richard Petty driving a 1966 Plymouth on February 27, 1966. Petty drove his number 43 to victory in just over three hours after starting the race on the pole. There were four caution flags which slowed the race for 22 laps. Petty came from two laps down to win the event after 198 laps were completed. The race was shortened by two laps due to rain. The win was Petty's second victory of the season. The 1966 season marked the return of the Chrysler Hemi engine in NASCAR competition, while Ford took a one-year leave from competition before realizing that the ploy was detrimental to their sales. The 1966 Daytona 500 was the fifth event of 49 in the 1966 season, which included the two qualifying races for the 500. The 1966 season opened in Augusta with Petty taking the win in the season inaugural event. Dan Gurney followed with a win in Riverside before the drivers and their teams ventured to Daytona International Speedway for the event. NASCAR ran a total of 49 events, ending at the Rockingham Speedway in October. David Pearson won the NASCAR Grand National Championship (now Sprint Cup) after winning 15 events while 168 drivers competed in at least one event during the 1966 season. Richard Petty captured the pole position for the event with a speed of . The two 100 mile qualifying events were won by Paul Goldsmith driving a number 99 1965 Plymouth, who bested second-place finisher Richard Petty, and Earl Balmer driving his number 3 1965 Dodge. A total of 50 drivers started the Daytona 500 in 1966, and a total of 18 cars were still running at the conclusion of the race. Qualifying race results First qualifier Second qualifier After starting on the 1966 Daytona 500 pole, Petty went on to lead the first six laps of the event, before relinquishing the lead to Paul Goldsmith, who had started in the third position.", "The unheralded Bruins would go on a seven-game undefeated streak, surprising national powers the likes of Syracuse and Penn State. Going into the 1965 UCLA\u2013USC rivalry football game ranked #7, the conference championship and 1966 Rose Bowl were on the line. #6 USC, led by Heisman Trophy winner Mike Garrett led 16\u20136 until UCLA got a touchdown on a pass from Gary Beban to Dick Witcher with four minutes to play. After the two-point conversion made it 16\u201314, UCLA recovered an onside kick. Beban then hit Kurt Altenberg on a 50-yard bomb and UCLA won, 20\u201316. Integrated UCLA then faced all-white Tennessee in the newly built Liberty Bowl stadium in Memphis, Prothro's native city. On the last play of the game, Tennessee defensive back Bob Petrella intercepted a UCLA pass to save a Volunteer win by a score of 37\u201334. Tennessee's winning drive was aided by a controversial pass interference call, the clock had questionably stopped twice, and a dropped pass that appeared to be a lateral was recovered by UCLA, but was later ruled an incomplete forward pass. After the game, Prothro stated, \"For the first time in my life, I am ashamed to be a Southerner.\" Prothro and the Bruins went on to completed the season with a dramatic pay-back upset victory over the #1 ranked Michigan State Spartans in the 1966 Rose Bowl, 14\u201312. This victory over the much stronger Spartans perpetuated the legend of the \"Gutty little Bruins.\" Heading into the final game of the 1966 season vs. USC, UCLA was 2\u20131 in conference games, 8\u20131 overall and ranked #5 in the country.", "1966 UCLA Bruins football team The 1966 UCLA Bruins football team was an American football team that represented the University of California, Los Angeles during the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. In their second year under head coach Tommy Prothro, the Bruins compiled a 9\u20131 record (3\u20131 AAWU), finished in second place in the Athletic Association of Western Universities, and were ranked #5 in the final AP Poll. UCLA's offensive leaders in 1966 were quarterback Gary Beban with 1,245 passing yards, running back Mel Farr with 809 rushing yards, and Harold Busby with 474 receiving yards. Heading into the final game of the 1966 season vs. USC, UCLA was 2\u20131 in conference games, 8\u20131 overall and ranked #5 in the country. The Bruins, featuring a \"dream backfield\" of All-Americans Gary Beban and Mel Farr, lost only one game, at rainy Washington, 16\u20133, where Huskies' head coach Jim Owens had devoted his entire season to beating Prothro. UCLA had beaten UW the season before, 28\u201324, with Prothro's trick play, the Z-streak in which a receiver trots towards the sideline like he's going out of the game and then runs a streak pattern unguarded by the inattentive defender. USC was 4\u20130 in conference and 7\u20131 overall, having lost to the unranked Miami Hurricanes. The Bruins and Trojans played a different number of conference games due to uneven scheduling caused by new AAWU members Oregon and Oregon State and schedules made years in advance. It was widely assumed that only losses would be considered and the winner of the 1966 UCLA-USC game would go to the 1967 Rose Bowl.", "1966 Big Ten Conference football season The 1966 Big Ten Conference football season was the 71st season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. The 1966 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Duffy Daugherty, won the Big Ten football championship, compiled a 9\u20130\u20131 record, and was ranked No. 2 in the final AP Poll. Four Spartans' players were among the first eight selections in the 1967 NFL/AFL Draft: defensive tackle Bubba Smith (first); running back Clinton Jones (second); linebacker George Webster (fifth); and flanker Gene Washington (eighth). The 1966 Purdue Boilermakers football team, under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, finished in second place with a 9\u20132 record and was ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll. The Boilermakers received the conference's berth to play in the 1967 Rose Bowl because of the Big Ten's \"no-repeat\" rule and defeated USC, 14\u201313. Purdue quarterback Bob Griese led the conference in passing yards and total yards and won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the Big Ten's most valuable player and the Sammy Baugh Trophy as the nation's top collegiate passer. Griese also finished second behind Steve Spurrier in the voting for the 1966 Heisman Trophy. Key <br> AP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1966 season< br> AP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1966 season< br> PPG = Average of points scored per game <br> PAG = Average of points allowed per game <br> MVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold"], "answer": {"text": "The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated.", "answer_start": 539}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who played for the team?", "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable players?", "answer": {"text": "The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page.", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant about this national title?", "answer": {"text": "the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game.", "answer_start": 1393, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did they play that season?", "answer": {"text": "Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week,", "answer_start": 1151, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#7", "question": "Were there any controversies that season?", "rewrite": "Were there any controversies in the 1966 season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1966 Big Ten Conference football season The 1966 Big Ten Conference football season was the 71st season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. The 1966 Michigan State Spartans football team, under head coach Duffy Daugherty, won the Big Ten football championship, compiled a 9\u20130\u20131 record, and was ranked No. 2 in the final AP Poll. Four Spartans' players were among the first eight selections in the 1967 NFL/AFL Draft: defensive tackle Bubba Smith (first); running back Clinton Jones (second); linebacker George Webster (fifth); and flanker Gene Washington (eighth). The 1966 Purdue Boilermakers football team, under head coach Jack Mollenkopf, finished in second place with a 9\u20132 record and was ranked No. 7 in the final AP Poll. The Boilermakers received the conference's berth to play in the 1967 Rose Bowl because of the Big Ten's \"no-repeat\" rule and defeated USC, 14\u201313. Purdue quarterback Bob Griese led the conference in passing yards and total yards and won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football as the Big Ten's most valuable player and the Sammy Baugh Trophy as the nation's top collegiate passer. Griese also finished second behind Steve Spurrier in the voting for the 1966 Heisman Trophy. Key <br> AP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1966 season< br> AP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1966 season< br> PPG = Average of points scored per game <br> PAG = Average of points allowed per game <br> MVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold", "1966 Florida Gators football team The 1966 Florida Gators football team represented the University of Florida in the sport of American football during the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. The Gators competed in the University Division of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). In their seventh season under head coach Ray Graves, the Gators compiled a 9\u20132 overall win-loss record, finished 5\u20131 and placed third among the SEC's ten teams. Led by quarterback Steve Spurrier, the Gators outscored their opponents by a combined total of 265 to 147 and concluded their 1966 season with a 27\u201312 victory over the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets in the 1967 Orange Bowl. The Gators were not ranked in the final AP Poll, but finished No. 11 in the final UPI Coaches Poll. Spurrier won the 1966 Heisman Trophy and was the unanimous first-team quarterback on the 1966 All-America Team. He completed 179 of 291 passes for 2,012 yards and 16 touchdowns with eight interceptions. Tailback Larry Smith was the team's leading rusher with 742 yards and nine touchdowns on 162 carries. Smith was also selected as the most valuable player in the 1967 Orange Bowl after setting two Orange Bowl records with 187 rushing yards and a 94-yard touchdown run. Finally, flanker Richard Trapp set a new team record with 63 catches during the 1966 season. In addition to Spurrier, center Bill Carr was the team's only other first-team All-American, receiving first-team honors from \"Time\" magazine and \"The Sporting News\". Five Gators received first-team honors from either the Associated Press (AP) or United Press International (UPI) on the 1966 All-SEC football team.", "1966 NCAA University Division baseball season The 1966 NCAA University Division baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) began in the spring of 1966. The season progressed through the regular season and concluded with the 1965 College World Series. The College World Series, held for the twentieth time in 1966, consisted of one team from each of eight geographical districts and was held in Omaha, Nebraska at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium as a double-elimination tournament. Ohio State claimed the championship. This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1966 season. Each of the eight geographical districts chose, by various methods, the team that would represent them in the NCAA Tournament. 11 teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference championship while 17 teams earned at-large selections. The following is an incomplete list of conference standings: The 1966 season marked the twentieth NCAA Baseball Tournament, which culminated with the eight team College World Series. The College World Series was held in Omaha, Nebraska. The eight teams played a double-elimination format, with Ohio State claiming their first championship with an 8\u20132 win over Oklahoma State in the final.", "1966 Pacific Tigers football team The 1966 Pacific Tigers football team represented the University of the Pacific during the 1966 NCAA University Division football season. Pacific competed as an independent in 1966. They played home games in Pacific Memorial Stadium in Stockton, California. In their first season under head coach Doug Scovil, the Tigers finished with a record of four wins and seven losses (4\u20137). While not a winning record, the 1966 season was an improvement. Four wins were as many as they had the previous three seasons combined. For the 1966 season they were outscored by their opponents 211\u2013303. No University of the Pacific players were selected in the 1967 NFL Draft.", "1966 Daytona 500 The 1966 Daytona 500, the 8th running of the event, was won by Richard Petty driving a 1966 Plymouth on February 27, 1966. Petty drove his number 43 to victory in just over three hours after starting the race on the pole. There were four caution flags which slowed the race for 22 laps. Petty came from two laps down to win the event after 198 laps were completed. The race was shortened by two laps due to rain. The win was Petty's second victory of the season. The 1966 season marked the return of the Chrysler Hemi engine in NASCAR competition, while Ford took a one-year leave from competition before realizing that the ploy was detrimental to their sales. The 1966 Daytona 500 was the fifth event of 49 in the 1966 season, which included the two qualifying races for the 500. The 1966 season opened in Augusta with Petty taking the win in the season inaugural event. Dan Gurney followed with a win in Riverside before the drivers and their teams ventured to Daytona International Speedway for the event. NASCAR ran a total of 49 events, ending at the Rockingham Speedway in October. David Pearson won the NASCAR Grand National Championship (now Sprint Cup) after winning 15 events while 168 drivers competed in at least one event during the 1966 season. Richard Petty captured the pole position for the event with a speed of . The two 100 mile qualifying events were won by Paul Goldsmith driving a number 99 1965 Plymouth, who bested second-place finisher Richard Petty, and Earl Balmer driving his number 3 1965 Dodge. A total of 50 drivers started the Daytona 500 in 1966, and a total of 18 cars were still running at the conclusion of the race. Qualifying race results First qualifier Second qualifier After starting on the 1966 Daytona 500 pole, Petty went on to lead the first six laps of the event, before relinquishing the lead to Paul Goldsmith, who had started in the third position."], "answer": {"text": "critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie.", "answer_start": 1207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who played for the team?", "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable players?", "answer": {"text": "The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page.", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant about this national title?", "answer": {"text": "the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game.", "answer_start": 1393, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did they play that season?", "answer": {"text": "Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week,", "answer_start": 1151, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other teams were part of their season?", "answer": {"text": "The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated.", "answer_start": 539, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#8", "question": "Did he win any awards for the title?", "rewrite": "Did Ara Parseghian win any awards for the national title?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The following year, he was presented with a game ball after Notre Dame's victory over Stanford, and new coach Ara Parseghian praised Devore for making his job that much easier. The arrival of Ara Parseghian brought an exciting new era to the Golden Dome, including a near-national championship during his first season in 1964. Devore served as assistant athletic director during each of Parseghian's first two years, but on February 9, 1966, he was hired as an assistant coach for the American Football League's Houston Oilers under Wally Lemm. After five years in that capacity, Devore then went to work as promotions director for the Houston Sports Association, dealing primarily with bringing in events for the city's Astrodome. He continued working until retiring at the age of 75 in 1986. Health issues led Devore to move in with his daughter, Noreen, in August 1992, and four months later, he died, nearly two weeks after his 82nd birthday. His death was overshadowed in the Notre Dame community by the passing of former Irish athletic director Moose Krause, who died in his sleep three days later. Devore was married to the former Madeline Foster on January 15, 1938, who preceded him in death. They had seven children. Devore's grandsons, Charlie and Russ Haas, were professional wrestlers who worked for WWE.", "In his second year with the Redskins, Hayes led the 1950 squad to a 9\u20131 record and an appearance in the Salad Bowl, where they defeated Arizona State. Before the game, Hayes stated that the Sun Devils were afraid to play Miami, because Miami would beat them by two touchdowns. Hayes made good on the statement, with the Redskins winning, 34\u201321. Hayes had helped bring The Miami football program back to prominence after several years of mediocrity and absence from the spotlight. That success led him to accept the Ohio State head coaching position on February 18, 1951, where Hayes would cement himself as one of college football's greatest coaches. Hayes' final record at Miami is 14\u20135. Ara Parseghian was chosen to take over as head coach of the Redskins after Hayes' departure. Parseghian's teams at Miami consistently did well in the Mid-American Conference, posting a 7\u20133 record in 1951 and improving to 8\u20131 the following year. The Redskins were conference champions in 1954 and in 1955, when they went undefeated. Parseghian's success, which included two wins over larger Big Ten schools, raised his profile nationally as a head coaching prospect. In late 1955, he departed Miami and was hired to become head football coach at Northwestern, one of the Big Ten schools Miami had beaten. Parseghian compiled a 39\u20136\u20131 record in five seasons at Miami. After his tenure at Northwestern, Parseghian would go on to cement a Hall of Fame career as head coach at Notre Dame, where his teams won the National Championship in 1966 and 1973. Parseghian's winning percentage at Miami (.859) is the highest of any full-time Miami head coach in the last 100 years. To replace Parseghian, Miami promoted John Pont from assistant coach to head coach.", "As a result of this game, the rule was clarified to state that a half cannot end on an accepted defensive foul\u2014consistent with the officials' ruling in this game. In 1964, Ara Parseghian left his job as the Northwestern head football coach when he was hired to take over the coaching duties at Notre Dame. He immediately brought the team back to a level of success in Irish football history that was comparable only to Rockne and Leahy. These three coaches have an 80% or greater winning percentage while at Notre Dame \u2013 Rockne at .881, Leahy at .864, and Parseghian at .836. Parseghian's teams never won fewer than seven nor lost more than three games during the ten game regular seasons of the era. In his first year, the Irish improved their record to 9\u20131, but they lost the national championship in the last game of the season at USC when Craig Fertig connected with a touchdown pass to Rod Sherman. Parseghian earned coach of the year honors from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association, and \"The Sporting News\", as well as several others, and a cover story in \"Time\" magazine. Parseghian was also named coach of the year by several selectors in his national championship years of 1966 and 1973 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. It was under Parseghian as well that Notre Dame lifted its 40-plus year-old \"no bowl games\" policy, beginning with the season of 1969, after which the Irish played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing in the final minutes in a closely contested game. The following year, Parseghian's 9\u20131 squad ended Texas' Southwest Conference record 30-game winning streak in the 1971 Cotton Bowl.", "1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. The Irish, coached by Ara Parseghian, ended the season undefeated with 11 wins and no losses, winning the national championship. The Fighting Irish won the title by defeating the previously unbeaten and No. 1 ranked Alabama Crimson Tide in the Sugar Bowl by a score of a 24\u201323. The 1973 squad became the ninth Irish team to win the national title and the second under Parseghian. Although Notre Dame finished No. 1 in the AP Poll to claim the AP national title, they were not awarded the Coaches title, since Alabama was awarded the Coaches Poll title before the bowl season. Ara Parseghian's second national title team was led by its relentless rushing attack. Fullback Wayne Bullock (750 yards), halfback Art Best (700 yards) , halfback Eric Penick (586 yards) and quarterback Tom Clements (360 yards) comprised one of the fastest Irish backfields, with Peneck and Best clocking in under 10 seconds in the 100-yard dash. The Irish started the season strong, amassing large margins of victory over Northwestern, Rice and Army to set up a highly anticipated contest with No. 6 and unbeaten USC. USC came into the contest riding a 23-game unbeaten streak, and USC's star tailback Anthony Davis ran over the Irish the previous year for 6 touchdowns in a 45\u201323 Trojan victory. Moreover, Parseghian had not outright beaten USC since 1966. The Irish defense responded to the challenge, limiting Davis to 55 yards on 19 carries. The star tailback of the day was Notre Dame's Penick, who ran for 118 yards, 50 more than the entire Trojan team. The Irish won the contest 23\u201314 and won its remaining games.", "Tirrel Burton Tirrel Burton (November 19, 1929 \u2013 January 17, 2017) was an American football player, coach, and radio broadcaster. He played halfback for Ara Parseghian's championship teams at Miami University in 1954 and 1955 and led the undefeated, untied 1955 team in rushing, scoring, pass interceptions, kickoff returns and punt returns, while breaking the university's all-time single-season scoring record. He played one year of professional football in 1956 for the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League. He was an assistant football coach at Central State University (1968), Miami University (1969) and the University of Michigan (1970\u20131991). He became a radio announcer for Michigan Wolverines football games on WUOM radio in 1994. After three-and-a-half years of military service, Burton enrolled at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Miami's head football coach at the time, Ara Parseghian, recruited Burton to Miami. Parseghian recalled, \"He had tremendous speed and we were anxious to have him. He could break the line. That's what every coach looks for.\" Burton became a two-sport star at Miami, lettering three years each in both football and track from 1953 to 1955. As a halfback on Parseghian's football teams, Burton helped lead Miami to Mid-American Conference championships in both 1954 and 1955. The 1955 team compiled a perfect 9-0 record, and Burton led the team in rushing (722 yards in 82 carries), scoring (84 points), pass interceptions (4), kickoff returns (3 for 68 yards) and punt returns (14 for 216 yards). Burton's 84 points in 1955 (14 touchdowns in nine games) broke the school's single-season scoring record."], "answer": {"text": "Parseghian was named coach of the year by Sporting News.", "answer_start": 1601}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who played for the team?", "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable players?", "answer": {"text": "The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page.", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant about this national title?", "answer": {"text": "the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game.", "answer_start": 1393, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did they play that season?", "answer": {"text": "Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week,", "answer_start": 1151, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other teams were part of their season?", "answer": {"text": "The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated.", "answer_start": 539, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies that season?", "answer": {"text": "critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie.", "answer_start": 1207, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1e66a6211d784ba18bc7471bef2b90d6_0_q#9", "question": "What else is significant about this title?", "rewrite": "What else is significant about the national title besides Ara Parseghian being named coach of the year?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tirrel Burton Tirrel Burton (November 19, 1929 \u2013 January 17, 2017) was an American football player, coach, and radio broadcaster. He played halfback for Ara Parseghian's championship teams at Miami University in 1954 and 1955 and led the undefeated, untied 1955 team in rushing, scoring, pass interceptions, kickoff returns and punt returns, while breaking the university's all-time single-season scoring record. He played one year of professional football in 1956 for the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League. He was an assistant football coach at Central State University (1968), Miami University (1969) and the University of Michigan (1970\u20131991). He became a radio announcer for Michigan Wolverines football games on WUOM radio in 1994. After three-and-a-half years of military service, Burton enrolled at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. Miami's head football coach at the time, Ara Parseghian, recruited Burton to Miami. Parseghian recalled, \"He had tremendous speed and we were anxious to have him. He could break the line. That's what every coach looks for.\" Burton became a two-sport star at Miami, lettering three years each in both football and track from 1953 to 1955. As a halfback on Parseghian's football teams, Burton helped lead Miami to Mid-American Conference championships in both 1954 and 1955. The 1955 team compiled a perfect 9-0 record, and Burton led the team in rushing (722 yards in 82 carries), scoring (84 points), pass interceptions (4), kickoff returns (3 for 68 yards) and punt returns (14 for 216 yards). Burton's 84 points in 1955 (14 touchdowns in nine games) broke the school's single-season scoring record.", "As a result of this game, the rule was clarified to state that a half cannot end on an accepted defensive foul\u2014consistent with the officials' ruling in this game. In 1964, Ara Parseghian left his job as the Northwestern head football coach when he was hired to take over the coaching duties at Notre Dame. He immediately brought the team back to a level of success in Irish football history that was comparable only to Rockne and Leahy. These three coaches have an 80% or greater winning percentage while at Notre Dame \u2013 Rockne at .881, Leahy at .864, and Parseghian at .836. Parseghian's teams never won fewer than seven nor lost more than three games during the ten game regular seasons of the era. In his first year, the Irish improved their record to 9\u20131, but they lost the national championship in the last game of the season at USC when Craig Fertig connected with a touchdown pass to Rod Sherman. Parseghian earned coach of the year honors from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association, and \"The Sporting News\", as well as several others, and a cover story in \"Time\" magazine. Parseghian was also named coach of the year by several selectors in his national championship years of 1966 and 1973 and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. It was under Parseghian as well that Notre Dame lifted its 40-plus year-old \"no bowl games\" policy, beginning with the season of 1969, after which the Irish played the No. 1 Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic, losing in the final minutes in a closely contested game. The following year, Parseghian's 9\u20131 squad ended Texas' Southwest Conference record 30-game winning streak in the 1971 Cotton Bowl.", "In his second year with the Redskins, Hayes led the 1950 squad to a 9\u20131 record and an appearance in the Salad Bowl, where they defeated Arizona State. Before the game, Hayes stated that the Sun Devils were afraid to play Miami, because Miami would beat them by two touchdowns. Hayes made good on the statement, with the Redskins winning, 34\u201321. Hayes had helped bring The Miami football program back to prominence after several years of mediocrity and absence from the spotlight. That success led him to accept the Ohio State head coaching position on February 18, 1951, where Hayes would cement himself as one of college football's greatest coaches. Hayes' final record at Miami is 14\u20135. Ara Parseghian was chosen to take over as head coach of the Redskins after Hayes' departure. Parseghian's teams at Miami consistently did well in the Mid-American Conference, posting a 7\u20133 record in 1951 and improving to 8\u20131 the following year. The Redskins were conference champions in 1954 and in 1955, when they went undefeated. Parseghian's success, which included two wins over larger Big Ten schools, raised his profile nationally as a head coaching prospect. In late 1955, he departed Miami and was hired to become head football coach at Northwestern, one of the Big Ten schools Miami had beaten. Parseghian compiled a 39\u20136\u20131 record in five seasons at Miami. After his tenure at Northwestern, Parseghian would go on to cement a Hall of Fame career as head coach at Notre Dame, where his teams won the National Championship in 1966 and 1973. Parseghian's winning percentage at Miami (.859) is the highest of any full-time Miami head coach in the last 100 years. To replace Parseghian, Miami promoted John Pont from assistant coach to head coach.", "1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team The 1973 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1973 NCAA Division I football season. The Irish, coached by Ara Parseghian, ended the season undefeated with 11 wins and no losses, winning the national championship. The Fighting Irish won the title by defeating the previously unbeaten and No. 1 ranked Alabama Crimson Tide in the Sugar Bowl by a score of a 24\u201323. The 1973 squad became the ninth Irish team to win the national title and the second under Parseghian. Although Notre Dame finished No. 1 in the AP Poll to claim the AP national title, they were not awarded the Coaches title, since Alabama was awarded the Coaches Poll title before the bowl season. Ara Parseghian's second national title team was led by its relentless rushing attack. Fullback Wayne Bullock (750 yards), halfback Art Best (700 yards) , halfback Eric Penick (586 yards) and quarterback Tom Clements (360 yards) comprised one of the fastest Irish backfields, with Peneck and Best clocking in under 10 seconds in the 100-yard dash. The Irish started the season strong, amassing large margins of victory over Northwestern, Rice and Army to set up a highly anticipated contest with No. 6 and unbeaten USC. USC came into the contest riding a 23-game unbeaten streak, and USC's star tailback Anthony Davis ran over the Irish the previous year for 6 touchdowns in a 45\u201323 Trojan victory. Moreover, Parseghian had not outright beaten USC since 1966. The Irish defense responded to the challenge, limiting Davis to 55 yards on 19 carries. The star tailback of the day was Notre Dame's Penick, who ran for 118 yards, 50 more than the entire Trojan team. The Irish won the contest 23\u201314 and won its remaining games.", "For his football efforts, he received some great praise when legendary Clemson football coach Frank Howard gave his introduction speech for Ara Parseghian, former Notre Dame coach, when Parseghian was named coach of the year. Howard told Parseghian at a special event, which Babb attended: \"You and me are lucky to be on the same program with Pinky Babb. We sure as heck can't coach like him.\" In 1982, a year after Babb retired and the year before his death, the stadium at Greenwood High was named in his honor. The Greenwood Touchdown Club and The Index-Journal Newspaper in Greenwood have named a J.W. \"Pinky\" Babb Coach of the Year every year since 1996, the first year of the All-Lakelands Team, which honors players from four counties."], "answer": {"text": "Nine members of the team were selected as All-Americans,", "answer_start": 1540}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Parseghian win the first national title?", "answer": {"text": "In 1966, Parseghian guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many games did he win?", "answer": {"text": "The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls.", "answer_start": 435, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who played for the team?", "answer": {"text": "Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring,", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other notable players?", "answer": {"text": "The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page.", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else is significant about this national title?", "answer": {"text": "the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame did not participate in a post-season bowl game.", "answer_start": 1393, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did they play that season?", "answer": {"text": "Parseghian's team trounced USC 51-0 the following week,", "answer_start": 1151, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other teams were part of their season?", "answer": {"text": "The team then faced Michigan State (who had Bubba Smith), which ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated.", "answer_start": 539, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies that season?", "answer": {"text": "critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie.", "answer_start": 1207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for the title?", "answer": {"text": "Parseghian was named coach of the year by Sporting News.", "answer_start": 1601, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#0", "question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "rewrite": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tom Ripley Thomas \"Tom\" Ripley is a fictional character in a series of crime novels by American novelist Patricia Highsmith, as well as several film adaptations. The character is an anti-hero: he is a career criminal, a con artist and serial killer. The five novels in which he appears\u2014\"The Talented Mr. Ripley\", \"Ripley Under Ground\", \"Ripley's Game\", \" The Boy Who Followed Ripley\", and \"Ripley Under Water\", were published between 1955 and 1991. Highsmith introduced Tom Ripley in \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\" (1955) as a young man making a meager living as a con artist. The novel also supplies him with a back story: orphaned at age five when his parents drowned, he was raised in Boston by his aunt Dottie, a cold, stingy woman who mocked him as a \"sissy.\" As a teenager, he attempted unsuccessfully to run away from his aunt's home to New York City before finally moving there at age 20. In \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\", he is paid to go to Italy by Herbert Greenleaf, a shipbuilding magnate, to convince his son Dickie (a half-remembered acquaintance) to return to New York and join the family business. Ripley befriends the younger Greenleaf and falls in love with the rich young man's indulgent, carefree lifestyle; he also becomes obsessed with Greenleaf himself. He eventually murders Greenleaf after the playboy tires of him and spurns his friendship. He then assumes Greenleaf's identity, forging the signatures on his monthly remittances from a trust fund. He rents an apartment in Italy and revels in the good life. He also assumes Greenleaf's style and mannerisms, imitating him so well that he essentially \"becomes\" him.", "Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle as her literary agent in 1959, when Schartle was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Schartle continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took. Patricia Schartle Myrer fired Highsmith as her client in 1979. In 1965 Schartle helped Noah Gordon become a serious novelist by getting him a book contract with a publishing firm after he submitted an outline for a novel to Schartle. It was at Schartle's suggestion that Gordon then wrote the Cole trilogy, a series of books about the dynasty of a single family over many generations.", "Ripley Under Water  Ripley Under Water is a 1991 psychological thriller by Patricia Highsmith, the last of five novels featuring Tom Ripley, \"an intelligent, cultured gentleman who dabbles in art, music and, occasionally, murder\". It was the eighteenth of her 22 novels. Tom Ripley spends his days tending his garden and playing the harpsichord at his home near Fontainbleau. An obnoxious American named David Pritchard, motivated by malice rather than any financial interest, threatens to expose Tom's role in the disappearance of Thomas Murchison, an art collector whom Ripley murdered in \"Ripley Under Ground\" when Murchison threatened to expose Ripley's art forgery scheme. Pritchard initially harasses Ripley by talking about his knowledge of the suspicious death of Dickie Greenleaf, whom Ripley murdered in \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\". He photographs Tom's house and follows him on a trip to Tangier. While there, Ripley gets into a fight with Pritchard in a bar. Upon returning to France, Pritchard starts dredging local canals for Murchison's corpse. He locates it, dumps the skeleton on Ripley's doorstep, and calls the police. Ripley hides the body from the police and then dumps it in the pond outside the Pritchards' temporary home. The Pritchards hear the splash, come out to investigate, and fall in while trying to hook the body with a garden tool. Unable to swim, they drown in two meters of water. Police investigate but come up empty-handed. One critic found \"Ripley Under Water\" typical Highsmith: \"No flashy or fashionable effects are allowed to interrupt the flow of a Highsmith narrative, which often appears to be eventful even when nothing is happening.\"", "In 1955, Highsmith wrote The Talented Mr. Ripley, a novel about Tom Ripley, a charming criminal who murders a rich man and steals his identity. Highsmith wrote four sequels: Ripley Under Ground (1970), Ripley's Game (1974), The Boy Who Followed Ripley (1980) and Ripley Under Water (1991), about Ripley's exploits as a con artist and serial killer who always gets away with his crimes. The series--collectively dubbed \"The Ripliad\"--are some of Highsmith's most popular works and have sold millions of copies worldwide. The \"suave, agreeable and utterly amoral\" Ripley is Highsmith's most famous character, and has been critically acclaimed for being \"both a likable character and a cold-blooded killer.\" He has typically been regarded as \"cultivated,\" a \"dapper sociopath,\" and an \"agreeable and urbane psychopath.\" Sam Jordison of The Guardian wrote, \"It is near impossible, I would say, not to root for Tom Ripley. Not to like him. Not, on some level, to want him to win. Patricia Highsmith does a fine job of ensuring he wheedles his way into our sympathies.\" Film critic Roger Ebert made a similar appraisal of the character in his review of Purple Noon, Rene Clement's 1960 film adaptation of The Talented Mr. Ripley: \"Ripley is a criminal of intelligence and cunning who gets away with murder. He's charming and literate, and a monster. It's insidious, the way Highsmith seduces us into identifying with him and sharing his selfishness; Ripley believes that getting his own way is worth whatever price anyone else might have to pay. We all have a little of that in us.\"", "Steinbeck received $125,000 for the film rights, plus 25 percent of the profits. When Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, he gave McIntosh & Otis a percentage of the award money out of gratitude for their support. In 2004, McIntosh & Otis sold the film rights of Steinbeck's classic novel \"East of Eden\" to Universal Pictures, after the book was chosen for Oprah's Book Club list. The option expired, and Universal had to once again obtain the film rights. A forthcoming two-film series, starring Jennifer Lawrence, was scheduled for production as of April 2014. Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle Myrer as her literary agent in 1959, when Myrer was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Myrer continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took, and Myrer fired Highsmith in 1979. McIntosh & Otis handle the subsidiary rights for Louisiana University Press and the University of Nebraska Press. On September 12, 2013 McIntosh & Otis announced that they would handle the subsidiary rights for Rutgers University Press with respect to paperback reprints, audio, e-book, book club, foreign, film, TV and stage rights. In June 2013, McIntosh & Otis filed a lawsuit against a literary agent formerly employed with them, Samuel Pinkus, in relation with another lawsuit that was filed against him by author Harper Lee, who claimed that Pinkus had duped her into handing over her copyright for her novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\". McIntosh & Otis claimed a percentage of commissions Pinkus earned from clients he took with him when he left the company in 2004 but eventually settled the lawsuit in September 2013."], "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#1", "question": "What were the comics she wrote?", "rewrite": "What were the comics Patricia Highsmith wrote?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle as her literary agent in 1959, when Schartle was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Schartle continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took. Patricia Schartle Myrer fired Highsmith as her client in 1979. In 1965 Schartle helped Noah Gordon become a serious novelist by getting him a book contract with a publishing firm after he submitted an outline for a novel to Schartle. It was at Schartle's suggestion that Gordon then wrote the Cole trilogy, a series of books about the dynasty of a single family over many generations.", "The Cry of the Owl The Cry of the Owl is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith, the eighth of her 22 novels. It was first published in the US in 1962 by Harper & Row and in the UK by Heinemann the following year. It explores, in the phrase of critic Brigid Brophy, \"the psychology of the self-selected victim\". Highsmith wrote \"The Cry of the Owl\" between April 1961 and February 1962. She considered it to be one of her weaker efforts, calling its principal character \"rather square ... a polite sitting duck for more evil characters, and a passive bore\". Highsmith drew on her own experience as a stalker; years before, when employed by a New York City store, she became obsessed with a woman she had waited on. She adapted these events for her novel \"The Price of Salt\" (1952). The setting for this book is much like the area where Highsmith was currently living in New Hope, Pennsylvania. The title refers to Jenny's belief that foreboding incidents precede events in her life, which are determined by fate. She considers the owl a harbinger of death. She also believes that, just as years ago an unknown man appeared in her family's house before her younger brother's death, so Robert's appearance foretells a death. Highsmith ended her relationship with Marijane Meaker about the time she started work on this novel, in April 1961. Meaker told an interviewer that Highsmith modeled the character of Nickie after her as an act of \"retaliation\". The novel is dedicated only to \"D.W.\", an apparent reference to Daisy Winston, Highsmith's former lover and neighbor in New Hope.", "In 1955, Highsmith wrote The Talented Mr. Ripley, a novel about Tom Ripley, a charming criminal who murders a rich man and steals his identity. Highsmith wrote four sequels: Ripley Under Ground (1970), Ripley's Game (1974), The Boy Who Followed Ripley (1980) and Ripley Under Water (1991), about Ripley's exploits as a con artist and serial killer who always gets away with his crimes. The series--collectively dubbed \"The Ripliad\"--are some of Highsmith's most popular works and have sold millions of copies worldwide. The \"suave, agreeable and utterly amoral\" Ripley is Highsmith's most famous character, and has been critically acclaimed for being \"both a likable character and a cold-blooded killer.\" He has typically been regarded as \"cultivated,\" a \"dapper sociopath,\" and an \"agreeable and urbane psychopath.\" Sam Jordison of The Guardian wrote, \"It is near impossible, I would say, not to root for Tom Ripley. Not to like him. Not, on some level, to want him to win. Patricia Highsmith does a fine job of ensuring he wheedles his way into our sympathies.\" Film critic Roger Ebert made a similar appraisal of the character in his review of Purple Noon, Rene Clement's 1960 film adaptation of The Talented Mr. Ripley: \"Ripley is a criminal of intelligence and cunning who gets away with murder. He's charming and literate, and a monster. It's insidious, the way Highsmith seduces us into identifying with him and sharing his selfishness; Ripley believes that getting his own way is worth whatever price anyone else might have to pay. We all have a little of that in us.\"", "Before her short stories started appearing in print, Highsmith wrote for comic book publishers from 1942 and 1948, while she lived in New York City and Mexico. Answering an ad for \"reporter/rewrite,\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book stories a day for $55-a-week paychecks, Highsmith soon realized she could make more money by freelance writing for comics, a situation which enabled her to find time to work on her own short stories and live for a period in Mexico. The comic book scriptwriter job was the only long-term job Highsmith ever held. From 1942-43, for the Sangor-Pines shop (Better/Cinema/Pines/Standard/Nedor), Highsmith wrote \"Sergeant Bill King\" stories and contributed to Black Terror and Fighting Yank comics; and wrote profiles such as Catherine the Great, Barney Ross, and Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker for the \"Real Life Comics\" series. From 1943-1946, under editor Vincent Fago at Timely Comics, she contributed to its U.S.A. Comics wartime series, writing scenarios for comics such as Jap Buster Johnson and The Destroyer. During these same years she wrote for Fawcett Publications, scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947. When Highsmith wrote the psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley (1955), one of the title character's first victims is a comic-book artist named Reddington: \"Tom had a hunch about Reddington. He was a comic-book artist. He probably didn't know whether he was coming or going.\"", "Steinbeck received $125,000 for the film rights, plus 25 percent of the profits. When Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, he gave McIntosh & Otis a percentage of the award money out of gratitude for their support. In 2004, McIntosh & Otis sold the film rights of Steinbeck's classic novel \"East of Eden\" to Universal Pictures, after the book was chosen for Oprah's Book Club list. The option expired, and Universal had to once again obtain the film rights. A forthcoming two-film series, starring Jennifer Lawrence, was scheduled for production as of April 2014. Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle Myrer as her literary agent in 1959, when Myrer was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Myrer continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took, and Myrer fired Highsmith in 1979. McIntosh & Otis handle the subsidiary rights for Louisiana University Press and the University of Nebraska Press. On September 12, 2013 McIntosh & Otis announced that they would handle the subsidiary rights for Rutgers University Press with respect to paperback reprints, audio, e-book, book club, foreign, film, TV and stage rights. In June 2013, McIntosh & Otis filed a lawsuit against a literary agent formerly employed with them, Samuel Pinkus, in relation with another lawsuit that was filed against him by author Harper Lee, who claimed that Pinkus had duped her into handing over her copyright for her novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\". McIntosh & Otis claimed a percentage of commissions Pinkus earned from clients he took with him when he left the company in 2004 but eventually settled the lawsuit in September 2013."], "answer": {"text": "scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947.", "answer_start": 1219}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#2", "question": "What comics did she write for Western Comics?", "rewrite": "What comics did Patricia Highsmith write for Western Comics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Before her short stories started appearing in print, Highsmith wrote for comic book publishers from 1942 and 1948, while she lived in New York City and Mexico. Answering an ad for \"reporter/rewrite,\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book stories a day for $55-a-week paychecks, Highsmith soon realized she could make more money by freelance writing for comics, a situation which enabled her to find time to work on her own short stories and live for a period in Mexico. The comic book scriptwriter job was the only long-term job Highsmith ever held. From 1942-43, for the Sangor-Pines shop (Better/Cinema/Pines/Standard/Nedor), Highsmith wrote \"Sergeant Bill King\" stories and contributed to Black Terror and Fighting Yank comics; and wrote profiles such as Catherine the Great, Barney Ross, and Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker for the \"Real Life Comics\" series. From 1943-1946, under editor Vincent Fago at Timely Comics, she contributed to its U.S.A. Comics wartime series, writing scenarios for comics such as Jap Buster Johnson and The Destroyer. During these same years she wrote for Fawcett Publications, scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947. When Highsmith wrote the psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley (1955), one of the title character's first victims is a comic-book artist named Reddington: \"Tom had a hunch about Reddington. He was a comic-book artist. He probably didn't know whether he was coming or going.\"", "By then no major publishers were producing Western titles, though iconic characters from the DC and Marvel canons would occasionally make cameo appearances in other books. The DC Comics imprint Vertigo reintroduced the Western genre in 1995 with \"Preacher\", set in a contemporary version of the West. In the 1990s and 2000s, the Western comic leaned toward the Weird West subgenre, usually involving supernatural monsters. However, more traditional Western comics are found throughout this period, from \"Jonah Hex\" to \"Loveless\". Series like \"Desperadoes\", \"High Moon\", and \"Scalped\" demonstrate the genre's continuing appeal. Creators like Joe R. Lansdale, Michael Fleisher, and Tony DeZuniga were notable contributors to Western comics from this period. In addition, publishers like America's Comics Group and AC Comics have reprinted a number of Western comics from the genre's \"Golden Age.\" \"The Goodbye Family\", about a family of Weird West undertakers, started in 2015 and continues in both online and print formats. The Western genre's overall popularity in Europe spawned a Western comics trend, particularly in Italy, France, Belgium, and England. Many European countries published reprints of American-made Western comics (translated into the respective country's native language). The Italian publishers Sergio Bonelli Editore and Editorial Novaro led the field\u2014Editorial Novaro's \"Gene Autry\" title ran 424 issues from 1954\u20131984. The Norwegian publisher Se-Bladene and the British publisher L. Miller & Son were also particularly known for their Western comics reprint titles. Se-Bladene's \"Texas\" ran 606 issues between 1954\u20131975. The Australian publishers Ayers & James, Cleland, Federal Publishing, Gredown, and Horwitz Publications all published reprints of American Western comics during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle as her literary agent in 1959, when Schartle was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Schartle continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took. Patricia Schartle Myrer fired Highsmith as her client in 1979. In 1965 Schartle helped Noah Gordon become a serious novelist by getting him a book contract with a publishing firm after he submitted an outline for a novel to Schartle. It was at Schartle's suggestion that Gordon then wrote the Cole trilogy, a series of books about the dynasty of a single family over many generations.", "Steinbeck received $125,000 for the film rights, plus 25 percent of the profits. When Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, he gave McIntosh & Otis a percentage of the award money out of gratitude for their support. In 2004, McIntosh & Otis sold the film rights of Steinbeck's classic novel \"East of Eden\" to Universal Pictures, after the book was chosen for Oprah's Book Club list. The option expired, and Universal had to once again obtain the film rights. A forthcoming two-film series, starring Jennifer Lawrence, was scheduled for production as of April 2014. Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle Myrer as her literary agent in 1959, when Myrer was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Myrer continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took, and Myrer fired Highsmith in 1979. McIntosh & Otis handle the subsidiary rights for Louisiana University Press and the University of Nebraska Press. On September 12, 2013 McIntosh & Otis announced that they would handle the subsidiary rights for Rutgers University Press with respect to paperback reprints, audio, e-book, book club, foreign, film, TV and stage rights. In June 2013, McIntosh & Otis filed a lawsuit against a literary agent formerly employed with them, Samuel Pinkus, in relation with another lawsuit that was filed against him by author Harper Lee, who claimed that Pinkus had duped her into handing over her copyright for her novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\". McIntosh & Otis claimed a percentage of commissions Pinkus earned from clients he took with him when he left the company in 2004 but eventually settled the lawsuit in September 2013.", "Kid Colt Outlaw\" debuted in 1948, running until 1979 (though it was primarily a reprint title after 1967). The company soon established itself as the most prolific publisher of Western comics with other notable long-running titles, including \"Rawhide Kid\", \"Two-Gun Kid\", and \"Wild Western\". The six-issue 1950 Harvey Comics series \"Boys' Ranch\", by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, was a seminal example of the Western comics genre. DC Comics published the long-running series \"All-Star Western\" and \"Western Comics\". Charlton Comics published \"Billy the Kid\", \"Cheyenne Kid\", \"Outlaws of the West\", \"Texas Rangers in Action\", and the unusual title \"Black Fury\", about a horse that roamed the West righting wrongs. Both Dell Comics and Fawcett Comics published a number of Western titles, including \"The Lone Ranger\" (Dell) and \"Hopalong Cassidy\" (Fawcett, later continued by DC after Fawcett folded in 1953). Many issues of Dell's \"Four Color\" featured Western stories during the 1950s. Avon Comics published a number of Western comics, the most notable titles being based on historical figures like Jesse James and Wild Bill Hickok. Youthful published the Western titles \"Gunsmoke\", \"Indian Fighter\", and \"Redskin\" (later known as \"Famous Western Badmen\"). And Toby Press published its own \"Billy the Kid Adventure Magazine\". The first Western hero to have his adventures published in the comics was the Masked Raider, published by Timely Comics beginning in 1939."], "answer": {"text": "psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley", "answer_start": 1375}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the comics she wrote?", "answer": {"text": "scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947.", "answer_start": 1219, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#3", "question": "Did Western Comics give her problems when she used the character for her novels?", "rewrite": "Did Western Comics give her problems when Patricia Highsmith used the character from The Talented Mr. Ripley for her novels?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tom Ripley Thomas \"Tom\" Ripley is a fictional character in a series of crime novels by American novelist Patricia Highsmith, as well as several film adaptations. The character is an anti-hero: he is a career criminal, a con artist and serial killer. The five novels in which he appears\u2014\"The Talented Mr. Ripley\", \"Ripley Under Ground\", \"Ripley's Game\", \" The Boy Who Followed Ripley\", and \"Ripley Under Water\", were published between 1955 and 1991. Highsmith introduced Tom Ripley in \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\" (1955) as a young man making a meager living as a con artist. The novel also supplies him with a back story: orphaned at age five when his parents drowned, he was raised in Boston by his aunt Dottie, a cold, stingy woman who mocked him as a \"sissy.\" As a teenager, he attempted unsuccessfully to run away from his aunt's home to New York City before finally moving there at age 20. In \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\", he is paid to go to Italy by Herbert Greenleaf, a shipbuilding magnate, to convince his son Dickie (a half-remembered acquaintance) to return to New York and join the family business. Ripley befriends the younger Greenleaf and falls in love with the rich young man's indulgent, carefree lifestyle; he also becomes obsessed with Greenleaf himself. He eventually murders Greenleaf after the playboy tires of him and spurns his friendship. He then assumes Greenleaf's identity, forging the signatures on his monthly remittances from a trust fund. He rents an apartment in Italy and revels in the good life. He also assumes Greenleaf's style and mannerisms, imitating him so well that he essentially \"becomes\" him.", "In 1955, Highsmith wrote The Talented Mr. Ripley, a novel about Tom Ripley, a charming criminal who murders a rich man and steals his identity. Highsmith wrote four sequels: Ripley Under Ground (1970), Ripley's Game (1974), The Boy Who Followed Ripley (1980) and Ripley Under Water (1991), about Ripley's exploits as a con artist and serial killer who always gets away with his crimes. The series--collectively dubbed \"The Ripliad\"--are some of Highsmith's most popular works and have sold millions of copies worldwide. The \"suave, agreeable and utterly amoral\" Ripley is Highsmith's most famous character, and has been critically acclaimed for being \"both a likable character and a cold-blooded killer.\" He has typically been regarded as \"cultivated,\" a \"dapper sociopath,\" and an \"agreeable and urbane psychopath.\" Sam Jordison of The Guardian wrote, \"It is near impossible, I would say, not to root for Tom Ripley. Not to like him. Not, on some level, to want him to win. Patricia Highsmith does a fine job of ensuring he wheedles his way into our sympathies.\" Film critic Roger Ebert made a similar appraisal of the character in his review of Purple Noon, Rene Clement's 1960 film adaptation of The Talented Mr. Ripley: \"Ripley is a criminal of intelligence and cunning who gets away with murder. He's charming and literate, and a monster. It's insidious, the way Highsmith seduces us into identifying with him and sharing his selfishness; Ripley believes that getting his own way is worth whatever price anyone else might have to pay. We all have a little of that in us.\"", "\"Ripley Under Ground\" was adapted into a 2005 film, starring Barry Pepper. \" Ripley's Game\" was filmed in 1977 as \"The American Friend\", starring Dennis Hopper, and under its original title in 2002, starring John Malkovich. The Ripley novels have also been adapted for television and radio. \" The Talented Mr. Ripley\" was adapted for a January 1956 episode of the anthology television series \" Studio One\", and Jonathan Kent played Ripley in a 1982 episode of \"The South Bank Show\" titled \"Patricia Highsmith: A Gift for Murder\", dramatizing segments of \"Ripley Under Ground\". In 2009, BBC Radio 4 adapted all five Ripley novels with Ian Hart as Ripley. Of the Ripley portrayals that Highsmith saw in her lifetime, she praised Delon's performance in \"Purple Noon\" as \"excellent\" and described Jonathan Kent as \"perfect\". She initially disliked Hopper's Ripley in \"The American Friend\", but changed her mind after seeing the film a second time, feeling that he had captured the essence of the character. In Joanna Murray Smith's 2014 play, \"Switzerland\", Tom Ripley comes to life and visits Highsmith planning to kill her. In the 2014 Sydney Theatre Company premiere production, he was portrayed by Eamon Farren. In 2015, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" announced that a group of production companies were planning a television series based on the novels. The following year, \"Deadline\" announced that the series will be written by Neil Cross, having been in development at Endemol Shine Studios for over a year. In 2019, the show was ordered to series at Showtime, with actor Andrew Scott playing the lead role and writer-director Steven Zaillian replacing Cross.", "Purple Noon Purple Noon (; ; also known as Full Sun, Blazing Sun, Lust for Evil, and Talented Mr. Ripley) is a 1960 crime thriller film directed by Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment, loosely based on the 1955 novel \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\" by Patricia Highsmith. The film stars Alain Delon in his first major film, along with Maurice Ronet (as Philippe Greenleaf) and Marie Lafor\u00eat (as Marge); Billy Kearns (an expatriate American actor well-liked in France) plays Greenleaf's friend Freddy Miles, and Romy Schneider appears briefly in an uncredited role as Freddie Miles' companion. The film, principally in French, contains brief sequences in Italian. Screenwriter Paul G\u00e9gauff wrote a variation on the same story in 1968 when he worked on \"Les biches\" for Claude Chabrol. Highsmith's source novel was adapted again in 1999 under the original title, \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\". The American Tom Ripley (Alain Delon) has been sent to Italy to persuade the wealthy Philippe Greenleaf (Maurice Ronet), to return to the United States and take over his father's business. Philippe intends to do no such thing and the impoverished Tom enjoys living a life of luxury, so the two men essentially spend money all day and carouse all night. Tom is fixated on Philippe and his girlfriend, Marge (Marie Lafor\u00eat), and covets the other man's life. Philippe eventually grows bored with Ripley's fawning and becomes cruel and abusive to him. The final straw is when, during a yachting trip, Philippe strands Tom in the dinghy and leaves him to lie in the sun for hours. Back on board, Tom hatches a plan to kill Philippe and steal his identity. First, he leaves evidence of Philippe's philandering for an outraged Marge to find.", "The film ends with Tom being unknowingly called toward the police. Delon was cast after the director saw him in \"Women Are Weak\" (1959). \"Purple Noon\" was lauded by critics, and made Delon a star. In 1962, Cl\u00e9ment and Paul G\u00e9gauff won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for Best Foreign Film Screenplay. It enjoys a loyal cult following even today, with fans including film director Martin Scorsese. Roger Ebert gave \"Purple Noon\" three stars (compared to the four-star review he gave to the 1999 version), writing that \"the best thing about the film is the way the plot devises a way for Ripley to create a perfect cover-up\", but criticized the \"less than satisfactory ending\", feeling that \"\"Purple Noon\" ends as it does only because Clement doesn't have Highsmith's iron nerve\". James Berardinelli rated \"Purple Noon\" higher than \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\", giving it a four-star review (compared to two and a half stars for \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\"). Berardinelli praised Delon's acting, saying that \"Tom is fascinating because Delon makes him so\" and also complimented the film for \"expert camerawork and crisp direction.\" Berardinelli placed \"Purple Noon\" on his All-Time 100 list and compared it to the 1999 film: \"The remake went back to the source material, Patricia Highsmith's \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\". The result, while arguably truer to the events of Highsmith's book, is vastly inferior. To say it suffers by comparison to \"Purple Noon\" is an understatement."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the comics she wrote?", "answer": {"text": "scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947.", "answer_start": 1219, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What comics did she write for Western Comics?", "answer": {"text": "psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley", "answer_start": 1375, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#4", "question": "How many issues featured Mr. Ripley?", "rewrite": "How many Patricia Highsmith comic issues featured Mr. Ripley?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ripley Under Water  Ripley Under Water is a 1991 psychological thriller by Patricia Highsmith, the last of five novels featuring Tom Ripley, \"an intelligent, cultured gentleman who dabbles in art, music and, occasionally, murder\". It was the eighteenth of her 22 novels. Tom Ripley spends his days tending his garden and playing the harpsichord at his home near Fontainbleau. An obnoxious American named David Pritchard, motivated by malice rather than any financial interest, threatens to expose Tom's role in the disappearance of Thomas Murchison, an art collector whom Ripley murdered in \"Ripley Under Ground\" when Murchison threatened to expose Ripley's art forgery scheme. Pritchard initially harasses Ripley by talking about his knowledge of the suspicious death of Dickie Greenleaf, whom Ripley murdered in \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\". He photographs Tom's house and follows him on a trip to Tangier. While there, Ripley gets into a fight with Pritchard in a bar. Upon returning to France, Pritchard starts dredging local canals for Murchison's corpse. He locates it, dumps the skeleton on Ripley's doorstep, and calls the police. Ripley hides the body from the police and then dumps it in the pond outside the Pritchards' temporary home. The Pritchards hear the splash, come out to investigate, and fall in while trying to hook the body with a garden tool. Unable to swim, they drown in two meters of water. Police investigate but come up empty-handed. One critic found \"Ripley Under Water\" typical Highsmith: \"No flashy or fashionable effects are allowed to interrupt the flow of a Highsmith narrative, which often appears to be eventful even when nothing is happening.\"", "Ripley Under Ground (film)  Ripley Under Ground (also known as White on White) is a 2005 German-British-French crime thriller film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and based on the second novel in Patricia Highsmith's Tom Ripley series. It stars Barry Pepper as the cunning psychopath Ripley and features Willem Dafoe, Alan Cumming and Tom Wilkinson in supporting roles. \"Ripley Under Ground\" was produced during July and August 2003, but was only released two years later. The film was shown on the 2005 AFI Fest by American Film Institute, receiving a low-profile wide theatrical release. After his friend, a successful young artist, is killed in a car accident, Tom Ripley (Pepper) and his friends hide his body and concoct a scheme in which they forge his paintings, eventually making a great deal of money. When an art collector (Dafoe) complains that a painting he bought from the gallery is a fake, Ripley must use his inimitable talents to defuse the problem by whatever means necessary. The film received a wide theatrical release on 6 November 2005, as well as being shown at the AFI Fest film festival in Los Angeles. It was released on DVD on 24 July 2007 in the Netherlands. Given the film's low-profile release, critical reviews have been scarce. \" Variety\"<nowiki>'</nowiki >s review was less than positive, saying: \"Although it strives to push Patricia Highsmith's best-known bad man in a snarky direction, \"Ripley Under Ground\" is too fidgety and unsure to settle on a sustained tone and ends up in a no man's land between hysterical satire and sleek Euro thriller.", "Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle as her literary agent in 1959, when Schartle was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Schartle continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took. Patricia Schartle Myrer fired Highsmith as her client in 1979. In 1965 Schartle helped Noah Gordon become a serious novelist by getting him a book contract with a publishing firm after he submitted an outline for a novel to Schartle. It was at Schartle's suggestion that Gordon then wrote the Cole trilogy, a series of books about the dynasty of a single family over many generations.", "In 1955, Highsmith wrote The Talented Mr. Ripley, a novel about Tom Ripley, a charming criminal who murders a rich man and steals his identity. Highsmith wrote four sequels: Ripley Under Ground (1970), Ripley's Game (1974), The Boy Who Followed Ripley (1980) and Ripley Under Water (1991), about Ripley's exploits as a con artist and serial killer who always gets away with his crimes. The series--collectively dubbed \"The Ripliad\"--are some of Highsmith's most popular works and have sold millions of copies worldwide. The \"suave, agreeable and utterly amoral\" Ripley is Highsmith's most famous character, and has been critically acclaimed for being \"both a likable character and a cold-blooded killer.\" He has typically been regarded as \"cultivated,\" a \"dapper sociopath,\" and an \"agreeable and urbane psychopath.\" Sam Jordison of The Guardian wrote, \"It is near impossible, I would say, not to root for Tom Ripley. Not to like him. Not, on some level, to want him to win. Patricia Highsmith does a fine job of ensuring he wheedles his way into our sympathies.\" Film critic Roger Ebert made a similar appraisal of the character in his review of Purple Noon, Rene Clement's 1960 film adaptation of The Talented Mr. Ripley: \"Ripley is a criminal of intelligence and cunning who gets away with murder. He's charming and literate, and a monster. It's insidious, the way Highsmith seduces us into identifying with him and sharing his selfishness; Ripley believes that getting his own way is worth whatever price anyone else might have to pay. We all have a little of that in us.\"", "Steinbeck received $125,000 for the film rights, plus 25 percent of the profits. When Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, he gave McIntosh & Otis a percentage of the award money out of gratitude for their support. In 2004, McIntosh & Otis sold the film rights of Steinbeck's classic novel \"East of Eden\" to Universal Pictures, after the book was chosen for Oprah's Book Club list. The option expired, and Universal had to once again obtain the film rights. A forthcoming two-film series, starring Jennifer Lawrence, was scheduled for production as of April 2014. Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle Myrer as her literary agent in 1959, when Myrer was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Myrer continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took, and Myrer fired Highsmith in 1979. McIntosh & Otis handle the subsidiary rights for Louisiana University Press and the University of Nebraska Press. On September 12, 2013 McIntosh & Otis announced that they would handle the subsidiary rights for Rutgers University Press with respect to paperback reprints, audio, e-book, book club, foreign, film, TV and stage rights. In June 2013, McIntosh & Otis filed a lawsuit against a literary agent formerly employed with them, Samuel Pinkus, in relation with another lawsuit that was filed against him by author Harper Lee, who claimed that Pinkus had duped her into handing over her copyright for her novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\". McIntosh & Otis claimed a percentage of commissions Pinkus earned from clients he took with him when he left the company in 2004 but eventually settled the lawsuit in September 2013."], "answer": {"text": "\"Tom had a hunch about Reddington. He was a comic-book artist. He probably didn't know whether he was coming or going.\"", "answer_start": 1520}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the comics she wrote?", "answer": {"text": "scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947.", "answer_start": 1219, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What comics did she write for Western Comics?", "answer": {"text": "psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley", "answer_start": 1375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Western Comics give her problems when she used the character for her novels?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#5", "question": "How long did the comic series last?", "rewrite": "How long did the Patricia Highsmith comic series last?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steinbeck received $125,000 for the film rights, plus 25 percent of the profits. When Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, he gave McIntosh & Otis a percentage of the award money out of gratitude for their support. In 2004, McIntosh & Otis sold the film rights of Steinbeck's classic novel \"East of Eden\" to Universal Pictures, after the book was chosen for Oprah's Book Club list. The option expired, and Universal had to once again obtain the film rights. A forthcoming two-film series, starring Jennifer Lawrence, was scheduled for production as of April 2014. Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle Myrer as her literary agent in 1959, when Myrer was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Myrer continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took, and Myrer fired Highsmith in 1979. McIntosh & Otis handle the subsidiary rights for Louisiana University Press and the University of Nebraska Press. On September 12, 2013 McIntosh & Otis announced that they would handle the subsidiary rights for Rutgers University Press with respect to paperback reprints, audio, e-book, book club, foreign, film, TV and stage rights. In June 2013, McIntosh & Otis filed a lawsuit against a literary agent formerly employed with them, Samuel Pinkus, in relation with another lawsuit that was filed against him by author Harper Lee, who claimed that Pinkus had duped her into handing over her copyright for her novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\". McIntosh & Otis claimed a percentage of commissions Pinkus earned from clients he took with him when he left the company in 2004 but eventually settled the lawsuit in September 2013.", "Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle as her literary agent in 1959, when Schartle was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Schartle continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took. Patricia Schartle Myrer fired Highsmith as her client in 1979. In 1965 Schartle helped Noah Gordon become a serious novelist by getting him a book contract with a publishing firm after he submitted an outline for a novel to Schartle. It was at Schartle's suggestion that Gordon then wrote the Cole trilogy, a series of books about the dynasty of a single family over many generations.", "Almost every aspect of Rene Clement's 1960 motion picture is superior to that of Minghella's 1999 version, from the cinematography to the acting to the screenplay. Matt Damon might make a credible Tom Ripley but only for those who never experienced Alain Delon's portrayal.\" Nandini Ramnath wrote for Scroll.in, \"The definitive portrayal of crime novelist Patricia Highsmith's most enduring creation was as early as 1960. Damon and Hopper come close to conveying the ruthlessness and ambition of Tom Ripley, but Delon effortless captures his mystique.\" Highsmith's opinion of the film was mixed. She felt that Alain Delon was \"excellent\" in the role of Tom Ripley and described the film overall as \"very beautiful to the eye and interesting for the intellect\", but criticized the ending in which it is implied that Ripley is to be caught by the police: \" [I]t was a terrible concession to so-called public morality that the criminal had to be caught.\" In 2012 StudioCanal funded a restoration of the movie by the laboratory, a restoration being all the more warranted as part of the film's atmosphere is due to the sun-drenched scenes mentioned in the film's original title. The restored version was to be shown at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival as part of an homage to Delon's career, prior to re-release in France at least. On 4 December 2012, The Criterion Collection released the high-definition digital restoration of \"Purple Noon\" on Blu-ray and DVD. Special features include an interview with Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment scholar and author Denitza Bantcheva, archival interviews with Alain Delon and Patricia Highsmith, the film's original English-language trailer, a booklet featuring an essay by film critic Geoffrey O'Brien and excerpts from a 1981 interview with Cl\u00e9ment.", "It was accepted by Coward-McCann and published in hardcover in 1952 with the \"Claire Morgan\" alias. She dedicated the book to \"Edna, Jordy and Jeff\"\u2014three people whom Highsmith invented. The 25-cent lesbian pulp edition by Bantam Books appeared in 1953, followed by a mass market edition in 1969 by Macfadden Books. \"The Price of Salt\" subsequently fell out of print. In 1983, lesbian publishing house Naiad Press offered Highsmith $5,000 to reprint the novel under her own name, or $2,000 under the pseudonym. Highsmith accepted the latter and it was reissued in 1984. In 1990, the book was republished by Bloomsbury as \"Carol\" under Patricia Highsmith's name, with the addition of an afterword by her. Phyllis Nagy said Highsmith chose \"Carol\" because Highsmith, herself, \"was Therese and the object of her desire wasn't herself... it was someone else. \" The novel was so personal to Highsmith that \"it was difficult for her to take ownership of it as a writer for many years.\" The marketing of the novel in successive editions reflected different strategies for making the story of a lesbian romance attractive or acceptable to the reading public. The Coward-McCann dust jacket called it \"A Modern Novel of Two Women\". The paperboard cover of the 1953 Bantam edition balanced the words \"The Novel of a Love Society Forbids\" with a reassuring quote from \"The New York Times\" that said the novel \"[handles] explosive material ... with sincerity and good taste. \" The 2004 reissue by Norton appealed to highbrow tastes with the tagline \"The novel that inspired Nabokov's \"Lolita\" \" on the cover\u2014a claim that stemmed from a theory by Terry Castle published in a 2003 essay for \"The New Republic\".", "The Cry of the Owl The Cry of the Owl is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith, the eighth of her 22 novels. It was first published in the US in 1962 by Harper & Row and in the UK by Heinemann the following year. It explores, in the phrase of critic Brigid Brophy, \"the psychology of the self-selected victim\". Highsmith wrote \"The Cry of the Owl\" between April 1961 and February 1962. She considered it to be one of her weaker efforts, calling its principal character \"rather square ... a polite sitting duck for more evil characters, and a passive bore\". Highsmith drew on her own experience as a stalker; years before, when employed by a New York City store, she became obsessed with a woman she had waited on. She adapted these events for her novel \"The Price of Salt\" (1952). The setting for this book is much like the area where Highsmith was currently living in New Hope, Pennsylvania. The title refers to Jenny's belief that foreboding incidents precede events in her life, which are determined by fate. She considers the owl a harbinger of death. She also believes that, just as years ago an unknown man appeared in her family's house before her younger brother's death, so Robert's appearance foretells a death. Highsmith ended her relationship with Marijane Meaker about the time she started work on this novel, in April 1961. Meaker told an interviewer that Highsmith modeled the character of Nickie after her as an act of \"retaliation\". The novel is dedicated only to \"D.W.\", an apparent reference to Daisy Winston, Highsmith's former lover and neighbor in New Hope."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the comics she wrote?", "answer": {"text": "scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947.", "answer_start": 1219, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What comics did she write for Western Comics?", "answer": {"text": "psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley", "answer_start": 1375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Western Comics give her problems when she used the character for her novels?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many issues featured Mr. Ripley?", "answer": {"text": "\"Tom had a hunch about Reddington. He was a comic-book artist. He probably didn't know whether he was coming or going.\"", "answer_start": 1520, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#6", "question": "How well did the comic sell?", "rewrite": "How well did the Patricia Highsmith comic sell?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle as her literary agent in 1959, when Schartle was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Schartle continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took. Patricia Schartle Myrer fired Highsmith as her client in 1979. In 1965 Schartle helped Noah Gordon become a serious novelist by getting him a book contract with a publishing firm after he submitted an outline for a novel to Schartle. It was at Schartle's suggestion that Gordon then wrote the Cole trilogy, a series of books about the dynasty of a single family over many generations.", "It was accepted by Coward-McCann and published in hardcover in 1952 with the \"Claire Morgan\" alias. She dedicated the book to \"Edna, Jordy and Jeff\"\u2014three people whom Highsmith invented. The 25-cent lesbian pulp edition by Bantam Books appeared in 1953, followed by a mass market edition in 1969 by Macfadden Books. \"The Price of Salt\" subsequently fell out of print. In 1983, lesbian publishing house Naiad Press offered Highsmith $5,000 to reprint the novel under her own name, or $2,000 under the pseudonym. Highsmith accepted the latter and it was reissued in 1984. In 1990, the book was republished by Bloomsbury as \"Carol\" under Patricia Highsmith's name, with the addition of an afterword by her. Phyllis Nagy said Highsmith chose \"Carol\" because Highsmith, herself, \"was Therese and the object of her desire wasn't herself... it was someone else. \" The novel was so personal to Highsmith that \"it was difficult for her to take ownership of it as a writer for many years.\" The marketing of the novel in successive editions reflected different strategies for making the story of a lesbian romance attractive or acceptable to the reading public. The Coward-McCann dust jacket called it \"A Modern Novel of Two Women\". The paperboard cover of the 1953 Bantam edition balanced the words \"The Novel of a Love Society Forbids\" with a reassuring quote from \"The New York Times\" that said the novel \"[handles] explosive material ... with sincerity and good taste. \" The 2004 reissue by Norton appealed to highbrow tastes with the tagline \"The novel that inspired Nabokov's \"Lolita\" \" on the cover\u2014a claim that stemmed from a theory by Terry Castle published in a 2003 essay for \"The New Republic\".", "The Cry of the Owl The Cry of the Owl is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith, the eighth of her 22 novels. It was first published in the US in 1962 by Harper & Row and in the UK by Heinemann the following year. It explores, in the phrase of critic Brigid Brophy, \"the psychology of the self-selected victim\". Highsmith wrote \"The Cry of the Owl\" between April 1961 and February 1962. She considered it to be one of her weaker efforts, calling its principal character \"rather square ... a polite sitting duck for more evil characters, and a passive bore\". Highsmith drew on her own experience as a stalker; years before, when employed by a New York City store, she became obsessed with a woman she had waited on. She adapted these events for her novel \"The Price of Salt\" (1952). The setting for this book is much like the area where Highsmith was currently living in New Hope, Pennsylvania. The title refers to Jenny's belief that foreboding incidents precede events in her life, which are determined by fate. She considers the owl a harbinger of death. She also believes that, just as years ago an unknown man appeared in her family's house before her younger brother's death, so Robert's appearance foretells a death. Highsmith ended her relationship with Marijane Meaker about the time she started work on this novel, in April 1961. Meaker told an interviewer that Highsmith modeled the character of Nickie after her as an act of \"retaliation\". The novel is dedicated only to \"D.W.\", an apparent reference to Daisy Winston, Highsmith's former lover and neighbor in New Hope.", "Steinbeck received $125,000 for the film rights, plus 25 percent of the profits. When Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, he gave McIntosh & Otis a percentage of the award money out of gratitude for their support. In 2004, McIntosh & Otis sold the film rights of Steinbeck's classic novel \"East of Eden\" to Universal Pictures, after the book was chosen for Oprah's Book Club list. The option expired, and Universal had to once again obtain the film rights. A forthcoming two-film series, starring Jennifer Lawrence, was scheduled for production as of April 2014. Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle Myrer as her literary agent in 1959, when Myrer was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Myrer continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took, and Myrer fired Highsmith in 1979. McIntosh & Otis handle the subsidiary rights for Louisiana University Press and the University of Nebraska Press. On September 12, 2013 McIntosh & Otis announced that they would handle the subsidiary rights for Rutgers University Press with respect to paperback reprints, audio, e-book, book club, foreign, film, TV and stage rights. In June 2013, McIntosh & Otis filed a lawsuit against a literary agent formerly employed with them, Samuel Pinkus, in relation with another lawsuit that was filed against him by author Harper Lee, who claimed that Pinkus had duped her into handing over her copyright for her novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\". McIntosh & Otis claimed a percentage of commissions Pinkus earned from clients he took with him when he left the company in 2004 but eventually settled the lawsuit in September 2013.", "Almost every aspect of Rene Clement's 1960 motion picture is superior to that of Minghella's 1999 version, from the cinematography to the acting to the screenplay. Matt Damon might make a credible Tom Ripley but only for those who never experienced Alain Delon's portrayal.\" Nandini Ramnath wrote for Scroll.in, \"The definitive portrayal of crime novelist Patricia Highsmith's most enduring creation was as early as 1960. Damon and Hopper come close to conveying the ruthlessness and ambition of Tom Ripley, but Delon effortless captures his mystique.\" Highsmith's opinion of the film was mixed. She felt that Alain Delon was \"excellent\" in the role of Tom Ripley and described the film overall as \"very beautiful to the eye and interesting for the intellect\", but criticized the ending in which it is implied that Ripley is to be caught by the police: \" [I]t was a terrible concession to so-called public morality that the criminal had to be caught.\" In 2012 StudioCanal funded a restoration of the movie by the laboratory, a restoration being all the more warranted as part of the film's atmosphere is due to the sun-drenched scenes mentioned in the film's original title. The restored version was to be shown at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival as part of an homage to Delon's career, prior to re-release in France at least. On 4 December 2012, The Criterion Collection released the high-definition digital restoration of \"Purple Noon\" on Blu-ray and DVD. Special features include an interview with Ren\u00e9 Cl\u00e9ment scholar and author Denitza Bantcheva, archival interviews with Alain Delon and Patricia Highsmith, the film's original English-language trailer, a booklet featuring an essay by film critic Geoffrey O'Brien and excerpts from a 1981 interview with Cl\u00e9ment."], "answer": {"text": "Great,", "answer_start": 887}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the comics she wrote?", "answer": {"text": "scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947.", "answer_start": 1219, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What comics did she write for Western Comics?", "answer": {"text": "psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley", "answer_start": 1375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Western Comics give her problems when she used the character for her novels?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many issues featured Mr. Ripley?", "answer": {"text": "\"Tom had a hunch about Reddington. He was a comic-book artist. He probably didn't know whether he was coming or going.\"", "answer_start": 1520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the comic series last?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23fdf1ec48f84f14b6ba708db2036d39_1_q#7", "question": "Did she win any awards for the comic?", "rewrite": "Did Patricia Highsmith win any awards for the comic?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle as her literary agent in 1959, when Schartle was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Schartle continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took. Patricia Schartle Myrer fired Highsmith as her client in 1979. In 1965 Schartle helped Noah Gordon become a serious novelist by getting him a book contract with a publishing firm after he submitted an outline for a novel to Schartle. It was at Schartle's suggestion that Gordon then wrote the Cole trilogy, a series of books about the dynasty of a single family over many generations.", "Steinbeck received $125,000 for the film rights, plus 25 percent of the profits. When Steinbeck won the 1962 Nobel Prize for literature, he gave McIntosh & Otis a percentage of the award money out of gratitude for their support. In 2004, McIntosh & Otis sold the film rights of Steinbeck's classic novel \"East of Eden\" to Universal Pictures, after the book was chosen for Oprah's Book Club list. The option expired, and Universal had to once again obtain the film rights. A forthcoming two-film series, starring Jennifer Lawrence, was scheduled for production as of April 2014. Patricia Highsmith appointed Patricia Schartle Myrer as her literary agent in 1959, when Myrer was with Constance Smith Associates. After Constance Smith Associates merged with McIntosh & Otis in 1963, Myrer continued as Patricia Highsmith's American literary agent. A. M. Heath served as Patricia Highsmith's British agents. Over time, Patricia Highsmith came to resent the 5% commission each literary agency took, and Myrer fired Highsmith in 1979. McIntosh & Otis handle the subsidiary rights for Louisiana University Press and the University of Nebraska Press. On September 12, 2013 McIntosh & Otis announced that they would handle the subsidiary rights for Rutgers University Press with respect to paperback reprints, audio, e-book, book club, foreign, film, TV and stage rights. In June 2013, McIntosh & Otis filed a lawsuit against a literary agent formerly employed with them, Samuel Pinkus, in relation with another lawsuit that was filed against him by author Harper Lee, who claimed that Pinkus had duped her into handing over her copyright for her novel \"To Kill A Mockingbird\". McIntosh & Otis claimed a percentage of commissions Pinkus earned from clients he took with him when he left the company in 2004 but eventually settled the lawsuit in September 2013.", "It was accepted by Coward-McCann and published in hardcover in 1952 with the \"Claire Morgan\" alias. She dedicated the book to \"Edna, Jordy and Jeff\"\u2014three people whom Highsmith invented. The 25-cent lesbian pulp edition by Bantam Books appeared in 1953, followed by a mass market edition in 1969 by Macfadden Books. \"The Price of Salt\" subsequently fell out of print. In 1983, lesbian publishing house Naiad Press offered Highsmith $5,000 to reprint the novel under her own name, or $2,000 under the pseudonym. Highsmith accepted the latter and it was reissued in 1984. In 1990, the book was republished by Bloomsbury as \"Carol\" under Patricia Highsmith's name, with the addition of an afterword by her. Phyllis Nagy said Highsmith chose \"Carol\" because Highsmith, herself, \"was Therese and the object of her desire wasn't herself... it was someone else. \" The novel was so personal to Highsmith that \"it was difficult for her to take ownership of it as a writer for many years.\" The marketing of the novel in successive editions reflected different strategies for making the story of a lesbian romance attractive or acceptable to the reading public. The Coward-McCann dust jacket called it \"A Modern Novel of Two Women\". The paperboard cover of the 1953 Bantam edition balanced the words \"The Novel of a Love Society Forbids\" with a reassuring quote from \"The New York Times\" that said the novel \"[handles] explosive material ... with sincerity and good taste. \" The 2004 reissue by Norton appealed to highbrow tastes with the tagline \"The novel that inspired Nabokov's \"Lolita\" \" on the cover\u2014a claim that stemmed from a theory by Terry Castle published in a 2003 essay for \"The New Republic\".", "Nagy's most recent plays are \"Never Land\", which premiered at the Royal Court Theatre in January 1998, in a co-production with \"The Foundry\"; and \"The Talented Mr. Ripley\", adapted from the novel by Patricia Highsmith which premiered at the Watford Palace Theatre, in October 1998, and later produced by the Melbourne Theatre Company in February 1999. Her version of Anton Chekhov's \"The Seagull\" was produced at Chichester Festival Theatre in the summer of 2003. In 2005, Nagy directed a production of \"The Scarlet Letter\" at the same venue. Nagy wrote the screenplay for \"Carol\", an adaption of the 1952 Patricia Highsmith novel \"The Price of Salt\". Nagy, who was a friend of Highsmith, wrote the first draft of the script in 1997. Nagy was nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards for writing and directing \"Mrs. Harris\" (2006), her screen debut. The film starred Ben Kingsley and Annette Bening (both also Emmy-nominated), and garnered a total of 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, three Golden Globe Award nominations, and three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. Nagy won a number of awards for her writing and directing of \"Mrs. Harris\", including a PEN Center USA West Award for her teleplay and a Gracie Allen Award for Outstanding Director. In 2015, Nagy received many awards and nominations for her work on \"Carol\", including a New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay, and nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, Independent Spirit Award for Best Screenplay, and Writers Guild of America Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.", "The Cry of the Owl The Cry of the Owl is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith, the eighth of her 22 novels. It was first published in the US in 1962 by Harper & Row and in the UK by Heinemann the following year. It explores, in the phrase of critic Brigid Brophy, \"the psychology of the self-selected victim\". Highsmith wrote \"The Cry of the Owl\" between April 1961 and February 1962. She considered it to be one of her weaker efforts, calling its principal character \"rather square ... a polite sitting duck for more evil characters, and a passive bore\". Highsmith drew on her own experience as a stalker; years before, when employed by a New York City store, she became obsessed with a woman she had waited on. She adapted these events for her novel \"The Price of Salt\" (1952). The setting for this book is much like the area where Highsmith was currently living in New Hope, Pennsylvania. The title refers to Jenny's belief that foreboding incidents precede events in her life, which are determined by fate. She considers the owl a harbinger of death. She also believes that, just as years ago an unknown man appeared in her family's house before her younger brother's death, so Robert's appearance foretells a death. Highsmith ended her relationship with Marijane Meaker about the time she started work on this novel, in April 1961. Meaker told an interviewer that Highsmith modeled the character of Nickie after her as an act of \"retaliation\". The novel is dedicated only to \"D.W.\", an apparent reference to Daisy Winston, Highsmith's former lover and neighbor in New Hope."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Are the comic books adaptations of the Mr. Ripley books written by Patricia Highsmith?", "answer": {"text": "\" she landed a job working for comic book publisher Ned Pines in a \"bullpen\" with four artists and three other writers. Initially scripting two comic-book", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the comics she wrote?", "answer": {"text": "scripting for Fawcett Comics characters \"Crisco and Jasper\" and others. Highsmith also wrote for Western Comics from 1945 to 1947.", "answer_start": 1219, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What comics did she write for Western Comics?", "answer": {"text": "psychological thriller novel The Talented Mr. Ripley", "answer_start": 1375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Western Comics give her problems when she used the character for her novels?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many issues featured Mr. Ripley?", "answer": {"text": "\"Tom had a hunch about Reddington. He was a comic-book artist. He probably didn't know whether he was coming or going.\"", "answer_start": 1520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the comic series last?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How well did the comic sell?", "answer": {"text": "Great,", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#0", "question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "rewrite": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "JT LeRoy (a pen name for author Laura Albert) is credited as an associate producer for the film. The title \"Elephant\" is a tribute to the 1989 BBC short film of the same name, directed by Alan Clarke. Van Sant originally believed Clarke's title referred to the parable of the blind men and an elephant, in which several blind men try to describe an elephant, and each draws different conclusions based on which body part he touched, and Van Sant's film uses that interpretation, as the same general timeline is shown multiple times from multiple viewpoints. Later, Van Sant discovered Clarke's film referred to the phrase \"elephant in the room\" (the collective denial of some obvious problem). Also, Gus Van Sant named Chantal Akerman's film \"Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles\" (1975) an inspiration. Clarke's film \"Elephant\" reflects on sectarian violence in Northern Ireland. Van Sant's minimalist style and use of tracking shots mirrors Clarke's film. A drawing of an elephant as well as an image of an elephant on a bed throw can be seen in Alex's room while he plays the piano. The film competed at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2003. Van Sant claimed audiences in attendance at Cannes argued over its quality, leading to altercations. \"Elephant\" premiered in North America at a benefit for the Outside In youth shelter at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, in Portland, Oregon, on Saturday, October 4, 2003, with several teenagers who appeared in the film in attendance. The film was released for incremental distribution by HBO in 38 theaters in the United States, beginning October 24, 2003.", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets."], "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#1", "question": "what did he do with ken?", "rewrite": "What did Gus Van Sant do as production assistant to Ken Shapiro?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets.", "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals. It was never released. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this marginalized section of L.A.'s population, especially in context with the more ordinary, prosperous world that surrounded them. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on society's fringes, making his feature film directorial debut Mala Noche. It was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. The film, which was taken from Portland street writer Walt Curtis' semi-autobiographical novella, featured some of the director's hallmarks, notably an unfulfilled romanticism, a dry sense of the absurd, and the refusal to treat homosexuality as something deserving of judgment. Unlike many gay filmmakers, Van Sant--who had long been openly gay--declined to use same-sex relationships as fodder for overtly political statements, although such relationships would frequently appear in his films. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:"], "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#2", "question": "did he stay with ken?", "rewrite": "Did Gus Van Sant continue working with Ken Shapiro?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals. It was never released. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this marginalized section of L.A.'s population, especially in context with the more ordinary, prosperous world that surrounded them. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on society's fringes, making his feature film directorial debut Mala Noche. It was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. The film, which was taken from Portland street writer Walt Curtis' semi-autobiographical novella, featured some of the director's hallmarks, notably an unfulfilled romanticism, a dry sense of the absurd, and the refusal to treat homosexuality as something deserving of judgment. Unlike many gay filmmakers, Van Sant--who had long been openly gay--declined to use same-sex relationships as fodder for overtly political statements, although such relationships would frequently appear in his films. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "JT LeRoy (a pen name for author Laura Albert) is credited as an associate producer for the film. The title \"Elephant\" is a tribute to the 1989 BBC short film of the same name, directed by Alan Clarke. Van Sant originally believed Clarke's title referred to the parable of the blind men and an elephant, in which several blind men try to describe an elephant, and each draws different conclusions based on which body part he touched, and Van Sant's film uses that interpretation, as the same general timeline is shown multiple times from multiple viewpoints. Later, Van Sant discovered Clarke's film referred to the phrase \"elephant in the room\" (the collective denial of some obvious problem). Also, Gus Van Sant named Chantal Akerman's film \"Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles\" (1975) an inspiration. Clarke's film \"Elephant\" reflects on sectarian violence in Northern Ireland. Van Sant's minimalist style and use of tracking shots mirrors Clarke's film. A drawing of an elephant as well as an image of an elephant on a bed throw can be seen in Alex's room while he plays the piano. The film competed at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2003. Van Sant claimed audiences in attendance at Cannes argued over its quality, leading to altercations. \"Elephant\" premiered in North America at a benefit for the Outside In youth shelter at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, in Portland, Oregon, on Saturday, October 4, 2003, with several teenagers who appeared in the film in attendance. The film was released for incremental distribution by HBO in 38 theaters in the United States, beginning October 24, 2003."], "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#3", "question": "was the movie popular?", "rewrite": "Was the movie Alice in Hollywood popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["It was announced in February 2016 that Pink will cover a Beatles song, \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\", for the upcoming Netflix original series Beat Bugs. In the same month, it was announced that she had recorded a cover of \"White Rabbit\" for the movie Alice Through the Looking Glass, while in April it was revealed that she contributed the song \"Just like Fire\" to the soundtrack of the movie. In Australia, it topped the ARIA Charts. The following July, it was announced that Pink had written a song for French-Canadian singer Celine Dion called \"Recovering\" for inclusion on her upcoming English-language album. Pink provided guest vocals on country singer Kenny Chesney's single \"Setting the World on Fire\" which was released on August 1, 2016. The single topped on the Billboard Hot Country Songs and went platinum in the United States and Canada. On March 10, 2017, Pink teamed up with Stargate and Australian star Sia on the former's debut single, \"Waterfall\". Pink took a break to write songs for her upcoming seventh album. In June 2017, Pink confirmed that she is making her next studio album. On July 17, 2017, she announced via her official Twitter account that the video shoot for the first single will take place the following week. \"What About Us\", the lead single from Pink's seventh studio album, Beautiful Trauma, was released on August 10, 2017 and reached number one in Australia. The album was released on October 13, 2017. On August 27, 2017, Pink received the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the MTV Video Music Awards. She also performed a medley of some of her hits, including her new single, \"What About Us\", before accepting the award, which was presented to her by Ellen DeGeneres.", "John Warner (scholar) John Warner (1736\u20131800) was an English cleric and classical scholar. Son of Ferdinando Warner and born in London in 1736, he was admitted to St Paul's School on 30 March 1747. Going on to Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1754, then shortly moving to Trinity College, he graduated B.A. in 1758, M.A. in 1761, and D.D. in 1773.Trinity College, Cambridge, For many years Warner was popular as a preacher at a chapel, his private property, in Long Acre, London. He was instituted in 1771 to the united rectories of Hockcliffe and Chalgrave, Bedfordshire. These were vacant since the incumbent William Dodd had been executed for forgery. He was later presented by his friend Sir Richard Colt Hoare to the rectory of Stourton, Wiltshire. In 1778 Warner was living as a gentleman of leisure, with rooms in Barnard's Inn, and had formed a connection with George Augustus Selwyn. In August that year he was travelling in Italy. At the beginning of 1779 he was in Paris, where he knew the Abb\u00e9 Raynal. In 1790 Warner went to Paris as chaplain to the English ambassador, and there absorbed revolutionary ideas. Warner knew both William Hayley and Joel Barlow: Hayley was keen that Warner should introduce them. Barlow visited Hayley at Eartham with Warner in 1792, encountering also James Stanier Clarke. Warner stayed on after the embassy of Earl Gower was closed. Becoming involved in French politics, he was once proposed for citizenship, with six others; but was detained in 1793 as he tried to leave the country, living for a time outside Boulogne before being allowed to depart in 1794. Warner was an admirer of John Howard the prison reformer, and it was mainly his efforts that had the statue to Howard in St Paul's Cathedral erected.", "Another contemporary of theirs, Gerald Finzi, lived in nearby Painswick. Gustav Holst titled his Symphony in F major, Op. 8 H47 \"The Cotswolds\". The composer Ralph Vaughan Williams composed his opera \"\"Hugh the Drover\"\" from 1913 to 1924, which depicts life in a Cotswold village and incorporates local folk melodies. In 1988 the 6th symphony (Op. 109) of composer Derek Bourgeois was titled \"\"A Cotswold Symphony\"\". The Cotswolds are a popular location for filming scenes for movies and television programmes. The film \"Better Things\" (2008), directed by Duane Hopkins, is set in a small Cotswold village. The fictional detective Agatha Raisin lives in the fictional village of Carsely in the Cotswolds. The Chipping Norton set are based in the Cotswolds. Other movies filmed in the Cotswolds or nearby, at least in part, include some of the Harry Potter Series (Gloucester Cathedral), Bridget Jones's Diary (film) (Snowshill), Pride and Prejudice (Cheltenham Town Hall) and Braveheart (Cotswold Farm Park). In 2014, some scenes of the 2016 movie Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass were filmed at the Gloucester Docks just outside the Cotswold District; some scenes for the 2006 movie Amazing Grace were also filmed at the Docks. The television series \"Father Brown\" was almost entirely filmed in the Cotswolds. Scenes and buildings in Sudeley Castle was often featured in the series. The vicarage in Blockley was used for the main character's residence while St. Peter and St. Paul church was the Roman Catholic St. Mary's in the series.", "Also that season, Smiley hosted the first segment of \"The Answer Lady,\" featuring an elderly woman named Granny Fanny Nesselrode who claimed she had the answer to everything but never gave the best answer to any question sent in by a viewer. Smiley was later replaced by a regionally accented Muppet host who bore some resemblance to him. Smiley did make some appearances that didn't have anything notable to do with his hosting career. When Cookie Monster was in a bakery chewing up items that rhymed with the word \"buy\", Smiley came in announcing he was \"Guy Smiley, star of daytime television. \" At this point, Cookie couldn't remember that it was a pie he was after, and the repeated use of words that did rhyme with \"pie\" did nothing to jog his memory. The scene ended with him wrongly realizing that the rhyming item was \"GUY!\", and chasing Smiley around the bakery, trying to eat his hand off. He also appeared in a sketch featuring Grover as an Elevator Operator. It was to teach kids to face the front of an elevator. In this sketch, \"Mr. Smiley\" (as Grover calls him) is also voiced by Jim Henson, but with a different voice than that of his game show personality. In one movie theatre skit with Bert and Ernie, using Smiley as a one-line extra, the character is puppeted by Richard Hunt. He also appeared in \"On Vacation With Guy Smiley\", in which he tried to photograph various animals in the jungle, but his loud voice kept scaring them off. At least until a tiger (Martin P. Robinson) came along, roaring and scaring away Guy's guide (Richard Hunt), but the tiger took the camera and took Guy's picture with the other animals. His pith helmet was provided by Zimbabwe After Six.", ", Big Bad Wolf (occasionally), Various  Cookie Monster (2001\u2013present), Baby Bear, Two-Headed Monster (right half) (1998\u2013present), Humphrey, Chicago the Lion, Davey Monkey, Athena, Flo Bear, Sully (1993-1999), Sonny Friendly (1992-2000), Tessie Twiddlebug (1987-1996), Norman, Dr. Edwynn, Ernestine, Rudder Rabbit, Velma Blank, Duane, Tyrone, Freddy (2017), One of the Fuzzy Funk, One of the Git Along Little Doggies, Granny Snuffle (1989), Dip Cat (1992), Cookie Monster's Grandma (1994), Mommy Snuffleupagus (1990s), Yip Yip Martian, Various  Big Bird (occasionally), Guy Smiley (debut sketch), Various  Alice Snuffleupagus Big Bird, Oscar the Grouch, Bruno the Trashman, Granny Bird, Granny Fanny Nesselrode, Sam the Robot (occasionally), Shivers the Penguin, Lefty the Salesman (occasionally - 1970), proto-Cookie Monster (1970 sketch), Various  Various Alfred Duck, Ernie (\"Play with Me Sesame\", \"Sesame Street 4-D Magic\" - 2003), Phoebe (2002), Cookie Monster's Mommy (in Episode 4059), Yip Yip Martian, Various  Barkley Osvaldo, el Gru\u00f1\u00f3n, Dani  Big Bird, Count von Count (2013\u2013present), Mr. Johnson (2014\u2013present), Herb, Hansel (2006\u2013present), Harvey Kneeslapper (2010), Forgetful Jones (2012; 2019), The Big Bad Wolf (2013), Kermit the Frog (2019), Various  Ernie, Kermit the Frog, Dr. Feel, Various"], "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#4", "question": "what else did he play a .part in making?", "rewrite": "What else did Gus Van Sant play a part in making other than Alice in Hollywood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets.", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "JT LeRoy (a pen name for author Laura Albert) is credited as an associate producer for the film. The title \"Elephant\" is a tribute to the 1989 BBC short film of the same name, directed by Alan Clarke. Van Sant originally believed Clarke's title referred to the parable of the blind men and an elephant, in which several blind men try to describe an elephant, and each draws different conclusions based on which body part he touched, and Van Sant's film uses that interpretation, as the same general timeline is shown multiple times from multiple viewpoints. Later, Van Sant discovered Clarke's film referred to the phrase \"elephant in the room\" (the collective denial of some obvious problem). Also, Gus Van Sant named Chantal Akerman's film \"Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles\" (1975) an inspiration. Clarke's film \"Elephant\" reflects on sectarian violence in Northern Ireland. Van Sant's minimalist style and use of tracking shots mirrors Clarke's film. A drawing of an elephant as well as an image of an elephant on a bed throw can be seen in Alex's room while he plays the piano. The film competed at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2003. Van Sant claimed audiences in attendance at Cannes argued over its quality, leading to altercations. \"Elephant\" premiered in North America at a benefit for the Outside In youth shelter at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, in Portland, Oregon, on Saturday, October 4, 2003, with several teenagers who appeared in the film in attendance. The film was released for incremental distribution by HBO in 38 theaters in the United States, beginning October 24, 2003.", "Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \""], "answer": {"text": "Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there,", "answer_start": 827}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the movie popular?", "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#5", "question": "what did he do with the money he saved?", "rewrite": "What did Gus Van Sant do with the money he saved from working at a New York ad agency?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets.", "Peterson said of the promotion at the time: \"If you can put your face in 5,000 homes in Portland, it certainly can't hurt.\" Peterson has cited as his most successful promotion the Tom Peterson watch, also featuring his face. Peterson said in 1988: \"It particularly went well with college youth. They're a big thing on campus. I guess it's kind of a cult thing. \" Northwest native Kurt Cobain wore a Tom Peterson wristwatch, as did David Foraker, the attorney representing the creditors in Peterson's bankruptcy case. Other Peterson giveaways included hats, T-shirts, cups and coloring books. Peterson also turned a bus into a trolley that traveled a circuit around his parking lots on 82nd and Foster. To mark the tenth anniversary of Tom Peterson & Gloria's Too! and the couple's fiftieth wedding anniversary in September 2002 , Peterson offered customers coffee mugs with photos of Tom and Gloria, fifty years ago and present day. Peterson has made three cameo appearances in the films of Gus Van Sant, and as of 1995 had appeared in more Van Sant films than any other actor. His first was \"Drugstore Cowboy\", in which a Peterson commercial plays on the television. Van Sant later cast Peterson in a non-speaking role as a police chief in \"My Own Private Idaho\" and used another Peterson commercial in \"To Die For\". Peterson also appeared in \"Mr. Holland's Opus\", which was filmed in Portland. Van Sant related to the \"Los Angeles Times\", \"So many people responded that I decided to keep using him.\" Van Sant and Peterson have used the same video editor, Wade Evans, and Van Sant bought his Magic Chef refrigerator from Peterson.", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\"."], "answer": {"text": "finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant.", "answer_start": 945}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the movie popular?", "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he play a .part in making?", "answer": {"text": "Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there,", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#6", "question": "what was that movie called?", "rewrite": "What was Gus Van Sant's movie called that was about the doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals. It was never released. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this marginalized section of L.A.'s population, especially in context with the more ordinary, prosperous world that surrounded them. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on society's fringes, making his feature film directorial debut Mala Noche. It was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. The film, which was taken from Portland street writer Walt Curtis' semi-autobiographical novella, featured some of the director's hallmarks, notably an unfulfilled romanticism, a dry sense of the absurd, and the refusal to treat homosexuality as something deserving of judgment. Unlike many gay filmmakers, Van Sant--who had long been openly gay--declined to use same-sex relationships as fodder for overtly political statements, although such relationships would frequently appear in his films. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the movie popular?", "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he play a .part in making?", "answer": {"text": "Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there,", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with the money he saved?", "answer": {"text": "finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant.", "answer_start": 945, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#7", "question": "was he able to make the movie?", "rewrite": "Was Gus Van Sant able to make the movie about the doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets.", "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals. It was never released. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this marginalized section of L.A.'s population, especially in context with the more ordinary, prosperous world that surrounded them. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on society's fringes, making his feature film directorial debut Mala Noche. It was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. The film, which was taken from Portland street writer Walt Curtis' semi-autobiographical novella, featured some of the director's hallmarks, notably an unfulfilled romanticism, a dry sense of the absurd, and the refusal to treat homosexuality as something deserving of judgment. Unlike many gay filmmakers, Van Sant--who had long been openly gay--declined to use same-sex relationships as fodder for overtly political statements, although such relationships would frequently appear in his films. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:"], "answer": {"text": "Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "answer_start": 1547}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the movie popular?", "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he play a .part in making?", "answer": {"text": "Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there,", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with the money he saved?", "answer": {"text": "finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant.", "answer_start": 945, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was that movie called?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#8", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the acclaim it earned Gus Van Sant, are there any interesting aspects about Gus Van Sant's movie about the doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition. In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals. It was never released. During this period, Van Sant began to spend time observing the denizens of the more down-and-out sections of Hollywood Boulevard. He became fascinated by the existence of this marginalized section of L.A.'s population, especially in context with the more ordinary, prosperous world that surrounded them. Van Sant would repeatedly focus his work on those existing on society's fringes, making his feature film directorial debut Mala Noche. It was made two years after Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there, enabling him to finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant. The film, which was taken from Portland street writer Walt Curtis' semi-autobiographical novella, featured some of the director's hallmarks, notably an unfulfilled romanticism, a dry sense of the absurd, and the refusal to treat homosexuality as something deserving of judgment. Unlike many gay filmmakers, Van Sant--who had long been openly gay--declined to use same-sex relationships as fodder for overtly political statements, although such relationships would frequently appear in his films. Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets."], "answer": {"text": "The film's success attracted Hollywood interest, and Van Sant was briefly courted by Universal;", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the movie popular?", "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he play a .part in making?", "answer": {"text": "Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there,", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with the money he saved?", "answer": {"text": "finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant.", "answer_start": 945, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was that movie called?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he able to make the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "answer_start": 1547, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#9", "question": "what did he do with universal?", "rewrite": "What did Gus Van Sant do with universal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets.", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "Peterson said of the promotion at the time: \"If you can put your face in 5,000 homes in Portland, it certainly can't hurt.\" Peterson has cited as his most successful promotion the Tom Peterson watch, also featuring his face. Peterson said in 1988: \"It particularly went well with college youth. They're a big thing on campus. I guess it's kind of a cult thing. \" Northwest native Kurt Cobain wore a Tom Peterson wristwatch, as did David Foraker, the attorney representing the creditors in Peterson's bankruptcy case. Other Peterson giveaways included hats, T-shirts, cups and coloring books. Peterson also turned a bus into a trolley that traveled a circuit around his parking lots on 82nd and Foster. To mark the tenth anniversary of Tom Peterson & Gloria's Too! and the couple's fiftieth wedding anniversary in September 2002 , Peterson offered customers coffee mugs with photos of Tom and Gloria, fifty years ago and present day. Peterson has made three cameo appearances in the films of Gus Van Sant, and as of 1995 had appeared in more Van Sant films than any other actor. His first was \"Drugstore Cowboy\", in which a Peterson commercial plays on the television. Van Sant later cast Peterson in a non-speaking role as a police chief in \"My Own Private Idaho\" and used another Peterson commercial in \"To Die For\". Peterson also appeared in \"Mr. Holland's Opus\", which was filmed in Portland. Van Sant related to the \"Los Angeles Times\", \"So many people responded that I decided to keep using him.\" Van Sant and Peterson have used the same video editor, Wade Evans, and Van Sant bought his Magic Chef refrigerator from Peterson."], "answer": {"text": "the courtship ended after Van Sant pitched a series of project ideas (including what would later become Drugstore Cowboy", "answer_start": 96}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the movie popular?", "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he play a .part in making?", "answer": {"text": "Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there,", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with the money he saved?", "answer": {"text": "finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant.", "answer_start": 945, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was that movie called?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he able to make the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "answer_start": 1547, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film's success attracted Hollywood interest, and Van Sant was briefly courted by Universal;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3bf0ce22ec67476586bc20d8ff4de7de_1_q#10", "question": "did they not like his ideas?", "rewrite": "Did Universal not like Gus Van Sant's ideas?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Rolling Stone\" and MTV compiled a list of the \"100 Greatest Pop Songs Since The Beatles\" in 2000, with \"Under the Bridge\" coming in fifty-fourth. \" Under the Bridge\" was also ranked #98 in the list of \"Rolling Stone\" \"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time\". The music video for \"Under the Bridge\" was directed by Gus Van Sant, who photographed the band during their stay at The Mansion and provided the art direction for \"Blood Sugar Sex Magik\". Van Sant knew Flea due to the bassist's role in his 1991 film \"My Own Private Idaho\". The members of the band respected Van Sant both as a person and an artist, and were elated when he agreed to direct the video for \"Under the Bridge\". Flea credits the video as \"the thing that really made us break through the mainstream of American and worldwide pop culture\". The video was shot on the streets of Los Angeles and in a studio soundstage. It begins with Frusciante standing alone on a pedestal wearing a red-and-white-striped collared shirt, brown khaki pants, brown shoes, and a purple, green and multicolored chullo, with white stitched wolves in the middle. He plays a 1966 Ocean Turquoise Fender Jaguar behind the backdrop of a desert and an inverted cloudy sky. His shadow is projected on the left and right of where he stands. Frusciante's then-girlfriend, Toni Oswald, selected his clothes that day. Frusciante remembers Van Sant's surprised, though favorable, reaction: \"when I got [to the studio] Gus Van Sant was just looking at me and going ' God I'm so glad you wore that hat. I'm so glad you wore that shirt. Oh! Those pants are so great I'm so glad you wore those'\".", "My Own Private River My Own Private River is a re-contextualized adventure drama film of \"My Own Private Idaho\" (1991). Using footage shot and directed by Gus Van Sant in 1990, the new edit gives James Franco and Van Sant a shared director credit. The project is in tribute to Franco's favorite actor, River Phoenix. Franco called \"\"Idaho\"\" one of his favorite movies and praised River's performance as the actor's best. \"My Own Private River\" had its premieres at the Hollywood Theatre on September 25, 2011, at the Walter Reade Theater on February 19, 2012 and at the Film Society of Lincoln Center on February 24, 2012. In 2007, at a conference meeting in New York City for the 2008 film \"Milk\", Franco and Van Sant responded to questions about Franco's favourite movie, which turned out to be \"My Own Private Idaho.\" Van Sant admired Franco's appreciation for the film, while Van Sant enticed Franco to give him a tour of the film's locations in Portland, Oregon. Franco expressed his wish to Van Sant to access the outtake footage for the original film. Van Sant showed Franco the collection of unseen film. Franco was interested to digitize and assemble the footage as a re-contextualized film. About the unseen footage, Franco stated, \"\u201c\"I edited the film as I imagined Gus might have if he made \"My Own Private Idaho\" today,\"\u201d\" In an interview in February, 2012, Franco said he was not sure about releasing the film on DVD, yet sought approval by New Line Cinema who was against the idea, Franco stated that they didn\u2019t want us to compete with the final film. Songs that play during the film include:", "Van Sant faced the problem of casting the two central roles. He decided to send the script to the agents of Keanu Reeves and River Phoenix, figuring that their agents would reject the script. Reeves' agent was amenable to the project, but Phoenix's agent would not even show the screenplay to the young actor. Not to be deterred, Van Sant got the idea for Reeves to personally deliver the film's treatment to Phoenix at his home in Florida. Reeves did so over the Christmas holidays, riding his 1974 Norton Commando motorcycle from his family home in Canada to the Phoenix family ranch in Micanopy, Florida, outside Gainesville. Reeves was no stranger to River Phoenix or members of his family, having worked previously with River on Lawrence Kasdan's \"I Love You to Death\" and with his brother Joaquin and girlfriend Martha Plimpton on Ron Howard's \"Parenthood\". After reading the treatment, Phoenix agreed to play the role of Scott. However, since Van Sant had already cast Reeves in the role, they had to convince River to take on the edgier role of drug-addicted hustler Mike Waters. The director promised not to make either actor do anything embarrassing. Van Sant got an offer of $2 million from an outside investor but when he put off production for nine months so that Phoenix could make \"Dogfight\", the investor and his money disappeared. Producer Laurie Parker shopped the script around and, at the time, New Line Cinema was in the process of branching out into producing arthouse films and decided to back Van Sant's vision with a US$2.5 million budget. In an interview in March 2012, Kiefer Sutherland said that he declined the offer by Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role because he wanted to go skiing, a decision he has said he regrets.", "J. Hoberman, in his review for \"The Village Voice\", wrote, \"While Phoenix vanishes with reckless triumph into his role, Reeves stands, or occasionally struts, uneasily beside his, unable to project even the self-mocking wit of Matt Dillon's star turn in \"Drugstore Cowboy\".\" Hal Hinson from \"The Washington Post\" wrote \" Gus Van Sant's sensibility is wholly original, wholly fresh. My Own Private Idaho adds a new ingredient: a kind of boho sweetness. I loved it.\" Conversely, \"USA Today\" gave \"My Own Private Idaho\" two and half stars out of four, criticizing Van Sant's film for being \" nothing but set pieces; tossed into a mix whose meaning is almost certainly private\". \"Time\" magazine's Richard Schickel wrote, \"What plot it has is borrowed, improbably, from \"Henry IV\", and whenever anyone manages to speak an entire paragraph, it is usually a Shakespearean paraphrase. But this is a desperate imposition on an essentially inert film.\" In his review for \"The New Yorker\", Terrence Rafferty wrote, \"Van Sant has stranded the actor in a movie full of flat characters and bad ideas, but Phoenix walks through the picture, down the road after road after road, as if he were surrounded by glorious phantoms.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 82% based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads: \"A tantalizing glimpse of a talented director and his stars all at the top of their respective games, Gus Van Sant's loose reworking of Henry IV is smart, sad and audacious. \"", "JT LeRoy (a pen name for author Laura Albert) is credited as an associate producer for the film. The title \"Elephant\" is a tribute to the 1989 BBC short film of the same name, directed by Alan Clarke. Van Sant originally believed Clarke's title referred to the parable of the blind men and an elephant, in which several blind men try to describe an elephant, and each draws different conclusions based on which body part he touched, and Van Sant's film uses that interpretation, as the same general timeline is shown multiple times from multiple viewpoints. Later, Van Sant discovered Clarke's film referred to the phrase \"elephant in the room\" (the collective denial of some obvious problem). Also, Gus Van Sant named Chantal Akerman's film \"Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles\" (1975) an inspiration. Clarke's film \"Elephant\" reflects on sectarian violence in Northern Ireland. Van Sant's minimalist style and use of tracking shots mirrors Clarke's film. A drawing of an elephant as well as an image of an elephant on a bed throw can be seen in Alex's room while he plays the piano. The film competed at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2003. Van Sant claimed audiences in attendance at Cannes argued over its quality, leading to altercations. \"Elephant\" premiered in North America at a benefit for the Outside In youth shelter at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, in Portland, Oregon, on Saturday, October 4, 2003, with several teenagers who appeared in the film in attendance. The film was released for incremental distribution by HBO in 38 theaters in the United States, beginning October 24, 2003."], "answer": {"text": "Van Sant moved back to Portland, Oregon, where he set up house and began giving life to the ideas rejected by Universal.", "answer_start": 289}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Gus Van Sant in 1982?", "answer": {"text": "After spending time in Europe, Van Sant went to Los Angeles in 1976. He secured a job as a production assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with ken?", "answer": {"text": "assistant to writer/director Ken Shapiro, with whom he developed a few ideas, none of which came to fruition.", "answer_start": 102, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he stay with ken?", "answer": {"text": "In 1981, Van Sant made Alice in Hollywood, a film about a naive young actress who goes to Hollywood and abandons her ideals.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the movie popular?", "answer": {"text": "It was never released.", "answer_start": 337, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did he play a .part in making?", "answer": {"text": "Van Sant went to New York to work in an advertising agency. He saved $20,000 during his tenure there,", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do with the money he saved?", "answer": {"text": "finance the majority of his tale of doomed love between a gay liquor store clerk and a Mexican immigrant.", "answer_start": 945, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was that movie called?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he able to make the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Shot in black-and-white, the film earned Van Sant almost overnight acclaim on the festival circuit, with the Los Angeles Times naming it the year's Best Independent Film.", "answer_start": 1547, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film's success attracted Hollywood interest, and Van Sant was briefly courted by Universal;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did he do with universal?", "answer": {"text": "the courtship ended after Van Sant pitched a series of project ideas (including what would later become Drugstore Cowboy", "answer_start": 96, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "rewrite": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery.", "TVA's headquarters, also located a few blocks from the hotel, drew a steady stream of curious foreign diplomats and activists to Knoxville during the 1930s and 1940s, among them French existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, who stayed at the hotel in 1945. The rise of automobile travel in the late 1920s brought large numbers of travellers to Knoxville via the Dixie Highway, with many preferring the Andrew Johnson over the rough motels along the highway's Kingston Pike stretch. For most of its early history, the Andrew Johnson was the choice hotel for celebrities travelling through Knoxville. During a stay at the Andrew Johnson in 1936 (the year before her disappearance), aviator Amelia Earhart remarked to a reporter that she didn't expect to live to old age. Swiss travel writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach probably stayed at the hotel while writing her story, \"Auf der Schattenseite von Knoxville\" (\"The Shadow Side of Knoxville\"). In February 1943, Russian pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff stayed at the Andrew Johnson after giving the last recital of his career at the nearby University of Tennessee's Alumni Gymnasium. Perhaps the most well-known stay at the Andrew Johnson Hotel was that of country music singer Hank Williams, who spent the last night of his life at the hotel, and whose death is the source of numerous stories and local legends in Knoxville. Williams and his driver, Charles Carr, checked into the hotel on the evening of December 31, 1952. At some point during the night, Williams grew ill and began convulsing, and a doctor called to the hotel gave Williams injections of Vitamin B12 and morphine. At 10:45 P.M., Williams and Carr checked out and headed north for Canton, Ohio, where Williams was scheduled to perform the next day.", "The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later.", "Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex."], "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#1", "question": "who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Andrew Johnson parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex.", "Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery.", "By the time car reached Oak Hill, West Virginia, around dawn of the following morning, however, Williams had died. Throughout much of the 1930s, radio station WNOX broadcast from the Andrew Johnson's 17th floor. The station's popular show, Mid-Day Merry-Go-Round, had featured performers such as Roy Acuff and Homer and Jethro, and listeners in downtown Knoxville frequented the hotel to see the show's broadcasts. By the late 1930s, the station was drawing some 1,000 fans to the station each day, flooding the hotel's elevators. After guests began to complain, the hotel's management asked the station to move. In the 1940s, R. J. Reynolds, Jr. (1906\u20131964), the son of the tobacco magnate, purchased the Andrew Johnson. After his death, his widow maintained ownership until 1973. By this time, Knoxville's Hyatt Regency (now the Knoxville Marriott) had usurped the Andrew Johnson as the city's premier hotel, and the Andrew Johnson began to decline. The hotel changed owners several times throughout the 1970s, during which time it sometimes served to handle overflow student housing from the nearby University of Tennessee. In the 1980s, the building was renovated as an office building by the Aetna Casualty & Surety Company. The Andrew Johnson Building, which has of office space, currently houses offices for Knox County. The primary occupant is Knox County Schools, the offices of which utilize fourteen of the building's eighteen floors. The building also houses the Finance, Property Development, and Telecommunications offices of the county's Public Building Authority, human resource offices for the Knox County Sheriff's Department, and the county's Probation and Pre-Trial services.", "Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion."], "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#2", "question": "what is his birth date?", "rewrite": "What is Andrew Johnson birth date?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex.", "The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later.", "payment terms, distributing and selling them at or below cost before the payment fell due, and using the interest on the resulting cash flow to fund the business. The first \"Kwik Save Discount\" branded shop opened in Colwyn Bay, produced more sales than the existing supermarkets of \"Value Foods\", and by 1967, Kwik Save Discount had thirteen shops. Just before it was floated on to the London Stock Exchange in November 1970, the company changed its name to Kwik Save Discount Group Ltd. In 1973, Gubay sold Kwik Save for $28 million. Gubay repeated the low price retail model using the \"3 Boys\" brand in New Zealand, Ireland and the United States. In November 1994, Kwik Save acquired 117 supermarkets from Shoprite, a fellow food discounter, for \u00a345 million. The company subsequently accepted that it was focused too much on acquisitions rather than its existing operations. It announced the closure of 107 under performing shops in November 1996. In February 1998, Kwik Save merged with Somerfield, and began operating as a trading division of Somerfield Stores Ltd. Following the merger, Somerfield's Food Giant discount supermarkets were re branded as Kwik Save. All Kwik Save shops were to be re branded as Somerfield, but it was quickly realised that the look and feel of existing Kwik Save shops \u2013 featuring warehouse style wooden shelving, space saving small checkouts and narrow aisles \u2013 would not lend itself well to the Somerfield fascia. For this reason, the plan was abandoned and the best Kwik Save shops were converted, based on location and market demand, receiving a full refurbishment. On 27 February 2006, Somerfield Stores Ltd sold the brand and the remaining 171 shops to BTTF, an investment vehicle headed by Paul Niklas, for an undisclosed sum.", "Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery."], "answer": {"text": "December 29, 1808,", "answer_start": 55}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Johnson have any siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later.", "Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "By the time car reached Oak Hill, West Virginia, around dawn of the following morning, however, Williams had died. Throughout much of the 1930s, radio station WNOX broadcast from the Andrew Johnson's 17th floor. The station's popular show, Mid-Day Merry-Go-Round, had featured performers such as Roy Acuff and Homer and Jethro, and listeners in downtown Knoxville frequented the hotel to see the show's broadcasts. By the late 1930s, the station was drawing some 1,000 fans to the station each day, flooding the hotel's elevators. After guests began to complain, the hotel's management asked the station to move. In the 1940s, R. J. Reynolds, Jr. (1906\u20131964), the son of the tobacco magnate, purchased the Andrew Johnson. After his death, his widow maintained ownership until 1973. By this time, Knoxville's Hyatt Regency (now the Knoxville Marriott) had usurped the Andrew Johnson as the city's premier hotel, and the Andrew Johnson began to decline. The hotel changed owners several times throughout the 1970s, during which time it sometimes served to handle overflow student housing from the nearby University of Tennessee. In the 1980s, the building was renovated as an office building by the Aetna Casualty & Surety Company. The Andrew Johnson Building, which has of office space, currently houses offices for Knox County. The primary occupant is Knox County Schools, the offices of which utilize fourteen of the building's eighteen floors. The building also houses the Finance, Property Development, and Telecommunications offices of the county's Public Building Authority, human resource offices for the Knox County Sheriff's Department, and the county's Probation and Pre-Trial services.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex.", "Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery."], "answer": {"text": "He had a brother William, four years his senior, and an older sister Elizabeth, who died in childhood.", "answer_start": 207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his birth date?", "answer": {"text": "December 29, 1808,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#4", "question": "What did his parents do?", "rewrite": "What did Andrew Johnson parents do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later.", "By the time car reached Oak Hill, West Virginia, around dawn of the following morning, however, Williams had died. Throughout much of the 1930s, radio station WNOX broadcast from the Andrew Johnson's 17th floor. The station's popular show, Mid-Day Merry-Go-Round, had featured performers such as Roy Acuff and Homer and Jethro, and listeners in downtown Knoxville frequented the hotel to see the show's broadcasts. By the late 1930s, the station was drawing some 1,000 fans to the station each day, flooding the hotel's elevators. After guests began to complain, the hotel's management asked the station to move. In the 1940s, R. J. Reynolds, Jr. (1906\u20131964), the son of the tobacco magnate, purchased the Andrew Johnson. After his death, his widow maintained ownership until 1973. By this time, Knoxville's Hyatt Regency (now the Knoxville Marriott) had usurped the Andrew Johnson as the city's premier hotel, and the Andrew Johnson began to decline. The hotel changed owners several times throughout the 1970s, during which time it sometimes served to handle overflow student housing from the nearby University of Tennessee. In the 1980s, the building was renovated as an office building by the Aetna Casualty & Surety Company. The Andrew Johnson Building, which has of office space, currently houses offices for Knox County. The primary occupant is Knox County Schools, the offices of which utilize fourteen of the building's eighteen floors. The building also houses the Finance, Property Development, and Telecommunications offices of the county's Public Building Authority, human resource offices for the Knox County Sheriff's Department, and the county's Probation and Pre-Trial services.", "Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex."], "answer": {"text": "Both Jacob and Mary were illiterate, and had worked as tavern servants, while Johnson never attended school.", "answer_start": 604}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his birth date?", "answer": {"text": "December 29, 1808,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He had a brother William, four years his senior, and an older sister Elizabeth, who died in childhood.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have a job during this time?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Johnson have a job during Childhood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex.", "Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery.", "TVA's headquarters, also located a few blocks from the hotel, drew a steady stream of curious foreign diplomats and activists to Knoxville during the 1930s and 1940s, among them French existentialist Jean-Paul Sartre, who stayed at the hotel in 1945. The rise of automobile travel in the late 1920s brought large numbers of travellers to Knoxville via the Dixie Highway, with many preferring the Andrew Johnson over the rough motels along the highway's Kingston Pike stretch. For most of its early history, the Andrew Johnson was the choice hotel for celebrities travelling through Knoxville. During a stay at the Andrew Johnson in 1936 (the year before her disappearance), aviator Amelia Earhart remarked to a reporter that she didn't expect to live to old age. Swiss travel writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach probably stayed at the hotel while writing her story, \"Auf der Schattenseite von Knoxville\" (\"The Shadow Side of Knoxville\"). In February 1943, Russian pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff stayed at the Andrew Johnson after giving the last recital of his career at the nearby University of Tennessee's Alumni Gymnasium. Perhaps the most well-known stay at the Andrew Johnson Hotel was that of country music singer Hank Williams, who spent the last night of his life at the hotel, and whose death is the source of numerous stories and local legends in Knoxville. Williams and his driver, Charles Carr, checked into the hotel on the evening of December 31, 1952. At some point during the night, Williams grew ill and began convulsing, and a doctor called to the hotel gave Williams injections of Vitamin B12 and morphine. At 10:45 P.M., Williams and Carr checked out and headed north for Canton, Ohio, where Williams was scheduled to perform the next day."], "answer": {"text": "Johnson's mother apprenticed her son William to a tailor, James Selby.", "answer_start": 1271}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his birth date?", "answer": {"text": "December 29, 1808,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He had a brother William, four years his senior, and an older sister Elizabeth, who died in childhood.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Both Jacob and Mary were illiterate, and had worked as tavern servants, while Johnson never attended school.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#6", "question": "Did he always live in Raleigh?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Johnson always live in Raleigh?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery.", "Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "Jacob Johnson (father of Andrew Johnson)  Jacob Johnson (April 17, 1778 \u2013 January 4, 1812) was the father of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States. Jacob Johnson was born on April 17, 1778. The circumstances and location of his birth remain in dispute among scholars. Jacob Johnson married Mary \"Polly\" McDonough (July 17, 1783 \u2013 February 13, 1856) on September 9, 1801 in Wake County, North Carolina. They had three children: William Patterson Johnson (1804\u20131865), Elizabeth Johnson (1806\u2013??), and Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 \u2013 July 31, 1875). Known as \"mud-sills\" (lower-class people), Jacob and Mary Johnson were both employed at Casso's Inn, where Mary worked as a weaver and clothes washer, and Jacob was a hostler. Jacob also was a militia Captain of Muster Division 20, a sexton for the Presbyterian Church, and a porter for the State Bank of North Carolina (chartered in 1811). Jacob Johnson is also said to have been the sole bell toller in Raleigh. The Johnson family home was an out-building of Casso's Inn, a popular antebellum inn northeast of the present-day North Carolina State Capitol building. Casso's Inn was owned by Peter Casso, a Revolutionary War soldier. The out-building is of two rooms, one on the main floor and one in the garret of the dutch or gambrel roof. The Johnson home is now preserved at Mordecai Historic Park in Raleigh, North Carolina. Jacob Johnson saved the lives of Colonel Thomas Henderson, the young editor of the \"Raleigh Star\", and his friend Mr. Callum, when the enthusiastic group of fishermen capsized their fishing skiff on Walnut Creek near Hunter's Mill in December 1811.", "Even before he became an apprentice, Johnson came to listen. The readings caused a lifelong love of learning, and one of his biographers, Annette Gordon-Reed, suggests that Johnson, later a gifted public speaker, learned the art as he threaded needles and cut cloth. Johnson was not happy at James Selby's, and after about five years, both he and his brother ran away. Selby responded by placing a reward for their return: \"Ten Dollars Reward. Ran away from the subscriber, two apprentice boys, legally bound, named William and Andrew Johnson ... [payment] to any person who will deliver said apprentices to me in Raleigh, or I will give the above reward for Andrew Johnson alone.\" The brothers went to Carthage, North Carolina, where Andrew Johnson worked as a tailor for several months. Fearing he would be arrested and returned to Raleigh, Johnson moved to Laurens, South Carolina. He found work quickly, met his first love, Mary Wood, and made her a quilt as a gift. However, she rejected his marriage proposal. He returned to Raleigh, hoping to buy out his apprenticeship, but could not come to terms with Selby. Unable to stay in Raleigh, where he risked being apprehended for abandoning Selby, he decided to move west.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex."], "answer": {"text": "Johnson was not happy at James Selby's, and after about five years, both he and his brother ran away.", "answer_start": 267}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his birth date?", "answer": {"text": "December 29, 1808,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He had a brother William, four years his senior, and an older sister Elizabeth, who died in childhood.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Both Jacob and Mary were illiterate, and had worked as tavern servants, while Johnson never attended school.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a job during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson's mother apprenticed her son William to a tailor, James Selby.", "answer_start": 1271, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#7", "question": "Where did him and his brother run away to?", "rewrite": "Where did Andrew Johnson and his brother run away to?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex.", "Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "Zimling and Tobias attempt to kill Tha, but Tobias has a brief change of heart and flees. Tha then kills Zimling, while Baylor fights Sofia. After knocking her unconscious, he regroups with Tha and they run away. The two go to Tha's house to treat wounds, where Baylor learns something strange about Tha and her village. After running towards the border, Tha and Baylor come across a field full of landmines. Aldrich and the party arrive at the edge of the minefield, having tracked Baylor via the GPS. Tobias, angered by the death of his father, enters the minefield and dies by triggering it. The explosion gives Baylor and Tha enough time to hide in a cave, where Tha finds her missing brother, who is revealed as a previous target of Aldrich's group. He had managed to evade the hunting group's detection and hide. In the morning, Tha and her brother run away, leaving Baylor behind. Tha and her brother are captured, and Baylor rescues them by capturing Landon. Tha then kills Sofia. Meanwhile, Landon is killed by Aldrich for recording all of the events, which was forbidden. Baylor, Tha, and her brother all reach the border and wonder how Aldrich continuously captures them. They find the tracker in the money belt. Baylor takes on the soldiers working for Aldrich and remaining hunters alone while Tha and her brother hide. Esparto goes after Tha and her brother and is killed. Meanwhile, Baylor runs away with the boat from the army camp and heads towards the border. Pursued by the army, Baylor manages to reach the border bridge, where he faces Aldrich and Madden in a final showdown. Finally, Tha uses the money belt to bribe the Army General into killing Aldrich. Having survived the ordeal, Baylor returns to Thailand with Tha to teach children Taekwondo.", "The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later."], "answer": {"text": "The brothers went to Carthage, North Carolina, where Andrew Johnson worked as a tailor for several months.", "answer_start": 682}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his birth date?", "answer": {"text": "December 29, 1808,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He had a brother William, four years his senior, and an older sister Elizabeth, who died in childhood.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Both Jacob and Mary were illiterate, and had worked as tavern servants, while Johnson never attended school.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a job during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson's mother apprenticed her son William to a tailor, James Selby.", "answer_start": 1271, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he always live in Raleigh?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson was not happy at James Selby's, and after about five years, both he and his brother ran away.", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b085fecacd974a738a2b8f20e78422b2_1_q#8", "question": "Did he move from Carthage to Tennessee?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Johnson move from Carthage to Tennessee?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["He also lived with him for two years in Houston, Texas, and at the age of thirteen he moved to Alkmaar. He told newspaper De Volkskrant that he was in juvenile detention for six months at the age of sixteen and one and a half years from the age of eighteen for a criminal offense and then six months for refusing to cooperate with the probation service. Since his release from prison, he started focussing on rap music. He contacted Zonamo Underground through his friend and rapper Otie, after contacting Zonamo Underground they invited Boef for a session in February 2015. This was very well received and gained over a million views on YouTube in no time. After his first zonamo session in 2015, Boef signed a contract with Zonamo Underground. His success grew beyond expectations of both himself and his management. BNN presenter Rotjoch said about his breakthrough: \"In 2015 Boef suddenly arrived; nobody knew him. After his Zonamo session he is indispensable in the scene.\" He released several songs that reached the Single Top 100. His EP Gewoon BOEF came in at number 4 in February 2016 in the Dutch Album Top 100, in which it is recorded around thirty weeks. The album was also in the Flemish Album Top 200 for a few weeks. In April of 2016 Boef released his breakthrough hit Lauw which gained millions of views on youtube and on streaming services, He recorded the whole video clip in Dubai together with the producer", "The interest sparked by this debate led Johnson, McDannel, and several others to form a local debate society. The experience and influence Johnson gained in debating local issues helped him get elected to the Greeneville City Council in 1829. He was elected mayor of Greeneville in 1834, although he resigned after just a few months in office to pursue a position in the Tennessee state legislature, which he attained the following year. As Johnson rose through the ranks of political office in state and national government, he used his influence to help Greeneville constituents obtain government positions, among them his long-time supporter, Sam Milligan, who was appointed to the Court of Claims in Washington, D.C. Whilst Andrew Johnson was away from home, during his vice-presidency, both union and confederate armies often used his home as a place to stay and rest during their travel. Soldiers left graffiti on the walls of Johnson's home. Confederate soldiers left notes on the walls expressing their displeasure, to put it delicately, of Johnson. Evidence of this can still be seen at the Andrew Johnson home. Andrew Johnson had to almost completely renovate his home after he returned home from Washington D.C. The Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, located in Greeneville, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1963. Contributing properties include Johnson's tailor shop at the corner of Depot Street and College Street. The site also maintains Johnson's house on Main Street and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery (atop Monument Hill to the south). A replica of Johnson's birth home and a life-size statue of Johnson have been placed across the street from the visitor center and tailor shop. The rural community of Camp Creek south of Greeneville was severely affected by an EF-3 tornado in the outbreak on the night of April 27\u201328, 2011. Six people were killed immediately and a seventh died later.", "Andrew Johnson National Cemetery The Andrew Johnson National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery on the grounds of the Andrew Johnson National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee. Established in 1906, the cemetery was built around the resting place of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, and holds more than two thousand graves. Andrew Johnson acquired twenty-three acres outside Greeneville on \"Signal Hill\" in 1852. It is held by family tradition that Andrew Johnson greatly enjoyed the view the hill provided. It became known as Signal Hill due to being an excellent place for soldiers to signal to friendly forces. When Johnson died, he was buried on the property on August 3, 1875. The funeral was performed by Freemasons. On June 5, 1878, a tall marble statue was placed by Johnson's grave. The monument was considered so dominant that the hill's name was changed to \"Monument Hill\". His daughter Martha Johnson Patterson willed on September 2, 1898 that the land become a park. She further pushed in 1900 to make the site a national cemetery, so that instead of the Johnson family maintaining it, the federal government would. The United States Congress chose to make the site a National Cemetery in 1906, and by 1908 the United States War Department took control of it. By 1939 there were 100 total graves in the cemetery. On May 23, 1942, control of the cemetery went to the National Park Service. When the area was made a cemetery, two of Andrew Johnson's sons were reinterred. Charles Johnson had been buried in Nashville, Tennessee; he died in 1863 by falling from a horse while serving as a military surgeon. Robert Johnson, who committed suicide shortly after the Johnsons' 1869 return to Greeneville, had originally been buried in Greeneville's Mount Olivet. Several other members of the Johnson family, including grandchildren, would later be buried in the cemetery.", "Andrew Johnson Building The Andrew Johnson Building is a high-rise office building in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1929, the structure was Knoxville's tallest building for nearly a half-century. The building was originally home to the Andrew Johnson Hotel, and is now used for office space by Knox County. In 1980, the Andrew Johnson Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Named for President Andrew Johnson, the Andrew Johnson Hotel was Knoxville's premier hotel from the time of its completion through the 1960s. In its early years, the hotel was popular with foreign dignitaries visiting Knoxville to inquire about the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority, as well as with tourists en route to the newly created Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Country music singer Hank Williams spent the last night of his life at the hotel in 1952. The studios of WNOX, which played a role in the early development of country music, were located in the Andrew Johnson in the late 1930s, and musicians such as Roy Acuff became regional stars broadcasting from the building. The Andrew Johnson Building stands at the southwest corner of Gay Street's 900-block, and shares a central courtyard with the adjacent Riverview Tower. The building's eighteen stories consist of fifteen floors, a mezzanine, and a two-story penthouse. The building is rectangular in shape, with a recess running up the middle of the west facade. The ground floor extends out beyond the rest of the building to provide a base for the unique second story, which includes an open-air pavilion. While most of the building's exterior consists of brick, the ground floor's Gay Street facade is sheathed in concrete cast to appear as rusticated stone. The second story of the Andrew Johnson was designed as the main story, and originally contained the hotel's lobby and front desk, a ballroom, and a pavilion.", "Andrew Johnson National Historic Site Andrew Johnson National Historic Site is a National Historic Site in Greeneville, Tennessee, maintained by the National Park Service. It was established to honor Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States, who became president after Lincoln was assassinated. The site includes two of Johnson's homes, his tailor shop, and his grave site within the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. The cemetery also includes the interments of Johnson's wife, Eliza McCardle Johnson, and son Brigadier General Robert Johnson Henderson. David T. Patterson, a United States Senator from Tennessee, and his son Andrew J. Patterson, who was instrumental in securing historic designation for the Greeneville properties associated with Andrew Johnson, were among others buried in the cemetery. The site was authorized by Congress as a U.S. National Monument in 1935, established on April 27, 1942, and redesignated a National Historic Site on December 11, 1963. Today the site totals sixteen acres in area, and has three separate units. These units are the Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex, the Andrew Johnson Homestead, and the Andrew Johnson National Cemetery. Visitors receive a copy of the admission ticket to Johnson's impeachment hearings; every year on May 26, visitors vote on whether or not Johnson should have been removed from office. The Andrew Johnson Visitor Complex consists of the visitor's center, the museum, and Andrew Johnson's tailor shop. The visitor center shows a 13.5 minute film about Johnson and his time in Greeneville. The one-story/one room tailor shop remains much as it was in Andrew Johnson's day. It is surrounded by a memorial building built by the state of Tennessee in 1923 to prevent wear and tear upon the tailor shop. For kids, they can become Junior Rangers by completing a small activity book. Andrew Johnson's first Greeneville home is located across the Street from the visitor complex."], "answer": {"text": "Fearing he would be arrested and returned to Raleigh, Johnson moved to Laurens, South Carolina.", "answer_start": 789}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Johnson born?", "answer": {"text": "Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "to Jacob Johnson (1778-1812) and Mary (\"Polly\") McDonough (1783-1856), a laundress.", "answer_start": 74, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his birth date?", "answer": {"text": "December 29, 1808,", "answer_start": 55, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He had a brother William, four years his senior, and an older sister Elizabeth, who died in childhood.", "answer_start": 207, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did his parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Both Jacob and Mary were illiterate, and had worked as tavern servants, while Johnson never attended school.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a job during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson's mother apprenticed her son William to a tailor, James Selby.", "answer_start": 1271, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he always live in Raleigh?", "answer": {"text": "Johnson was not happy at James Selby's, and after about five years, both he and his brother ran away.", "answer_start": 267, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where did him and his brother run away to?", "answer": {"text": "The brothers went to Carthage, North Carolina, where Andrew Johnson worked as a tailor for several months.", "answer_start": 682, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_451fc4110c8446859a57b8036f27567e_1_q#0", "question": "When did Pamela Harriman marry Churchill?", "rewrite": "When did Pamela Harriman marry Churchill?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arabella Churchill (charity founder) Arabella Spencer-Churchill (30 October 1949 \u2013 20 December 2007) was an English charity founder, festival co-founder, and fundraiser. In 1971, Churchill played a major role in the development of the Glastonbury Festival. In 1979, she set up the Children's Area of the Festival and also the Theatre Area. Until her death, she ran the Theatre and Circus Fields. Her duties in the 2007 festival involved the booking and management of some 1500 separate acts. She also founded and was the director of the Children's World charity. Churchill was born in London to Randolph Churchill (son of Sir Winston Churchill) and his second wife June Osborne (daughter of Colonel Rex Hamilton Osborne), and was half-sister to Winston Churchill, who was born to Randolph Churchill and his first wife Pamela Beryl Digby, better known as Pamela Harriman. She appeared, at the age of two, in the portrait of Winston Churchill and his family which hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. She went to Fritham School for Girls, where she was Head Girl, and then Ladymede school, near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. She worked at Lepra, the charity for leprosy sufferers, and then briefly at London Weekend Television. In 1954 she had appeared on the cover of \"Life\" as part of a feature on possible future spouses of Prince Charles. In 1967 she was 'Debutante of the Year,' appeared in January UK Vogue feature 'Youthquakers Face '67' photographed by Norman Parkinson, met the Kennedys and Martin Luther King in America, and was romantically linked with Crown Prince (now King) Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in 1970. In 1971 she was invited to represent Britain at the Norfolk International Azalea Festival in Virginia, established in 1953 after NATO's Allied command was established there.", "Beside two additional marriages, Pamela Harriman had numerous affairs with men of prominence and wealth. During her marriage to Randolph Churchill, she had romantic involvements with men such as: W. Averell Harriman, who much later became her third husband; Edward R. Murrow; and John Hay \"Jock\" Whitney. Notable consorts after her divorce included Prince Aly Khan, Alfonso de Portago, Gianni Agnelli, and Baron Elie de Rothschild. Churchill became well known for her attention to detail with men. When involved romantically with a man, she paid extremely close attention to his desires, his preferences, and went to any lengths necessary to satisfy his needs during the affair. William S. Paley, briefly a consort during the war, said: \"She is the greatest courtesan of the century\", meaning it more as a compliment than a detraction. The more critical Max Hastings said, acerbically, \"she was ... described as having become 'a world expert on rich men's bedroom ceilings'.\" After her divorce from Randolph Churchill, she moved to Paris and in 1948 began her five-year-long affair with Gianni Agnelli. She described this as the happiest period of her life. Agnelli, however, was not faithful in this relationship. In 1952, Pamela found him with a young woman, Anne-Marie d'Estainville, and complained strongly about this, despite her own past behaviour. Agnelli sustained a severe leg injury in a car accident while bringing d'Estainville home. Pamela nursed him through his injury, and later became pregnant (although it was never confirmed that this was by Agnelli), but had an abortion in Switzerland. Later, Princess Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto became pregnant by Agnelli, and Pamela Churchill ended the affair.", "He also was the subject of controversy in 1995 when he and his family sold a large archive of his grandfather's papers for \u00a312.5m to Churchill College, Cambridge. The purchase was funded by a grant from the newly established National Lottery. After leaving Parliament, Churchill was a sought-after speaker on the lecture circuit and wrote many articles in support of the Iraq War and the fight against Islamic terrorism. He also edited a compilation of his grandfather's famous speeches entitled \"Never Give In\". In 2007, he acted as a spokesman for the pressure group UK National Defence Association. He was also involved with the National Benevolent Fund for the Aged, as trustee from 1974 and chair from 1995 to 2010. He attempted to be selected as an MEP, but was unsuccessful. Churchill was the son of Randolph Churchill (1911\u20131968), the only son of Sir Winston Churchill, and of Randolph's wife Pamela Digby (1920\u20131997), later to become famous as Pamela Harriman. His parents divorced in 1945. His father married June Osborne: their daughter was Arabella Churchill (1949\u20132007). Churchill's first marriage, in July 1964, was to Mary \"Minnie\" Caroline d'Erlanger, the daughter of the banker Sir Gerard John Regis d'Erlanger and granddaughter of Baron Emile Beaumont d'Erlanger. The couple had four children:   Churchill's second marriage, to Luce Engelen, a Belgian-born jewellery maker, lasted from 1997 until his death. Churchill lived in Belgravia, London, where he died on 2 March 2010 from prostate cancer, from which he had suffered for the last two years of his life.", "Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman  Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman is an unauthorized 1994 biography of Pamela Harriman by Christopher Ogden. The author stated that he chose to write the book anyway after Harriman canceled plans for an authorized biography and did not pay him for the work he did. Kirkus Reviews stated \"That may or may not have influenced his perspective when he decided to write the story anyway\". Ogden had, over a period of several months, collected about forty hours of interview footage. Ogden was a correspondent for \"Time\". There are nineteen chapters, with most of them each being named after a male figure with significance in the biography. Kirkus stated that the author had a negative view of her romantic ties, and according to Kirkus this was not primarily about any promiscuity but instead about allowing her partners to give her support. \"Kirkus Reviews\" stated that \" This is fun to read as the names drop, but it offers more titillation than insight into\" the subject. \"Publishers Weekly\" stated that the book is \"captivating, gossipy, withering\".", "Alexandru \u0218oltoianu Alexandru \u0218oltoianu (born 1934) was a Moldovan activist and a political prisoner in the former Soviet Union. He graduated at Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1965 and became a lecturer in Oriental studies at the Moldova State University in Chi\u0219in\u0103u. In the 1960s and early 1970s he militated for the union of Moldavian SSR with the Socialist Republic of Romania. Between 1969 and 1971, he was a founder of a clandestine National Patriotic Front of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, established by several young intellectuals in Chi\u0219in\u0103u, totaling over 100 members, vowing to fight for the establishment of a Moldavian Democratic Republic, its secession from the Soviet Union and union with Romania. On 13 January 1972, following an informative note from Ion St\u0103nescu, the President of the Romanian Council of State Security, to Yuri Andropov, the chief of KGB, Alexandru \u0218oltoianu as well as Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulg\u0103r, Valeriu Graur, and Gheorghe Ghimpu were arrested and later sentenced to long prison terms. Alexandru \u015eoltoianu was sentenced in 1972 for his activity as leader of the National Patriotic Front. He was incarcerated in a prison camp in Mordovia, southeast of Moscow, notorious for its Soviet Gulag. Gheorghe Ghimpu was incarcerated in the same prison camp. Alexandru \u0218oltoianu was released only in January 1986. The Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Moldova will study and analyze the 1940-1991 period of the communist regime."], "answer": {"text": "they were married on 4 October 1939.", "answer_start": 213}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_451fc4110c8446859a57b8036f27567e_1_q#1", "question": "where did they get married", "rewrite": "where did Pamela Harriman and Churchill get married?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Their cabin steward, on what she described as \"the hellship \"Rangitata\"\", was the future Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott. Half a century later Prescott recalled that, while kneeling down to clean the ship's brass, he had occasion to admire a pair of legs that turned out to be Lady Eden's\u2014\"You naturally look, don't you\"\u2014whereupon Sir Anthony tapped him on the head. When they arrived in New Zealand, which was among the few countries publicly to have supported the Suez operation, the Edens received a rapturous \"red carpet\" reception. Eden had been told by doctors that his life might be in danger if he remained in office. However, he was to live for another twenty years. The Edens' home was at Alvediston, Wiltshire, where he died on 14 January 1977 and is buried. The last entry in Eden's diary, dated 11 September 1976, had read; \"exquisite small vase of crimson glory buds & mignonette from beloved C[larissa]\". When Eden was taken mortally ill with liver cancer, he and Lady Avon had just spent their final Christmas together at Hobe Sound, Florida as guests of former New York Governor Averell Harriman, elder statesman of the Democratic Party, and his English-born wife Pamela. (Mrs Harriman was Lady Avon's exact contemporary, a d\u00e9butante of 1938 who had also taken a room at the Dorchester during the Second World War. She had previously been married to Lady Avon's cousin Randolph Churchill and in the 1990s was President Bill Clinton's Ambassador to Paris, where she died in 1997.) The Edens were flown back to Britain in a Royal Air Force VC-10 that was diverted to Miami after Prime Minister James Callaghan had been alerted to his health situation by Pamela Harriman's son, Winston.", "Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman  Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman is an unauthorized 1994 biography of Pamela Harriman by Christopher Ogden. The author stated that he chose to write the book anyway after Harriman canceled plans for an authorized biography and did not pay him for the work he did. Kirkus Reviews stated \"That may or may not have influenced his perspective when he decided to write the story anyway\". Ogden had, over a period of several months, collected about forty hours of interview footage. Ogden was a correspondent for \"Time\". There are nineteen chapters, with most of them each being named after a male figure with significance in the biography. Kirkus stated that the author had a negative view of her romantic ties, and according to Kirkus this was not primarily about any promiscuity but instead about allowing her partners to give her support. \"Kirkus Reviews\" stated that \" This is fun to read as the names drop, but it offers more titillation than insight into\" the subject. \"Publishers Weekly\" stated that the book is \"captivating, gossipy, withering\".", "Arabella Churchill (charity founder) Arabella Spencer-Churchill (30 October 1949 \u2013 20 December 2007) was an English charity founder, festival co-founder, and fundraiser. In 1971, Churchill played a major role in the development of the Glastonbury Festival. In 1979, she set up the Children's Area of the Festival and also the Theatre Area. Until her death, she ran the Theatre and Circus Fields. Her duties in the 2007 festival involved the booking and management of some 1500 separate acts. She also founded and was the director of the Children's World charity. Churchill was born in London to Randolph Churchill (son of Sir Winston Churchill) and his second wife June Osborne (daughter of Colonel Rex Hamilton Osborne), and was half-sister to Winston Churchill, who was born to Randolph Churchill and his first wife Pamela Beryl Digby, better known as Pamela Harriman. She appeared, at the age of two, in the portrait of Winston Churchill and his family which hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. She went to Fritham School for Girls, where she was Head Girl, and then Ladymede school, near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. She worked at Lepra, the charity for leprosy sufferers, and then briefly at London Weekend Television. In 1954 she had appeared on the cover of \"Life\" as part of a feature on possible future spouses of Prince Charles. In 1967 she was 'Debutante of the Year,' appeared in January UK Vogue feature 'Youthquakers Face '67' photographed by Norman Parkinson, met the Kennedys and Martin Luther King in America, and was romantically linked with Crown Prince (now King) Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in 1970. In 1971 she was invited to represent Britain at the Norfolk International Azalea Festival in Virginia, established in 1953 after NATO's Allied command was established there.", "He also was the subject of controversy in 1995 when he and his family sold a large archive of his grandfather's papers for \u00a312.5m to Churchill College, Cambridge. The purchase was funded by a grant from the newly established National Lottery. After leaving Parliament, Churchill was a sought-after speaker on the lecture circuit and wrote many articles in support of the Iraq War and the fight against Islamic terrorism. He also edited a compilation of his grandfather's famous speeches entitled \"Never Give In\". In 2007, he acted as a spokesman for the pressure group UK National Defence Association. He was also involved with the National Benevolent Fund for the Aged, as trustee from 1974 and chair from 1995 to 2010. He attempted to be selected as an MEP, but was unsuccessful. Churchill was the son of Randolph Churchill (1911\u20131968), the only son of Sir Winston Churchill, and of Randolph's wife Pamela Digby (1920\u20131997), later to become famous as Pamela Harriman. His parents divorced in 1945. His father married June Osborne: their daughter was Arabella Churchill (1949\u20132007). Churchill's first marriage, in July 1964, was to Mary \"Minnie\" Caroline d'Erlanger, the daughter of the banker Sir Gerard John Regis d'Erlanger and granddaughter of Baron Emile Beaumont d'Erlanger. The couple had four children:   Churchill's second marriage, to Luce Engelen, a Belgian-born jewellery maker, lasted from 1997 until his death. Churchill lived in Belgravia, London, where he died on 2 March 2010 from prostate cancer, from which he had suffered for the last two years of his life.", "Beside two additional marriages, Pamela Harriman had numerous affairs with men of prominence and wealth. During her marriage to Randolph Churchill, she had romantic involvements with men such as: W. Averell Harriman, who much later became her third husband; Edward R. Murrow; and John Hay \"Jock\" Whitney. Notable consorts after her divorce included Prince Aly Khan, Alfonso de Portago, Gianni Agnelli, and Baron Elie de Rothschild. Churchill became well known for her attention to detail with men. When involved romantically with a man, she paid extremely close attention to his desires, his preferences, and went to any lengths necessary to satisfy his needs during the affair. William S. Paley, briefly a consort during the war, said: \"She is the greatest courtesan of the century\", meaning it more as a compliment than a detraction. The more critical Max Hastings said, acerbically, \"she was ... described as having become 'a world expert on rich men's bedroom ceilings'.\" After her divorce from Randolph Churchill, she moved to Paris and in 1948 began her five-year-long affair with Gianni Agnelli. She described this as the happiest period of her life. Agnelli, however, was not faithful in this relationship. In 1952, Pamela found him with a young woman, Anne-Marie d'Estainville, and complained strongly about this, despite her own past behaviour. Agnelli sustained a severe leg injury in a car accident while bringing d'Estainville home. Pamela nursed him through his injury, and later became pregnant (although it was never confirmed that this was by Agnelli), but had an abortion in Switzerland. Later, Princess Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto became pregnant by Agnelli, and Pamela Churchill ended the affair."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pamela Harriman marry Churchill?", "answer": {"text": "they were married on 4 October 1939.", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_451fc4110c8446859a57b8036f27567e_1_q#2", "question": "how long were they married for", "rewrite": "how long were Pamela Harriman and Churchill married for", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman  Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman is an unauthorized 1994 biography of Pamela Harriman by Christopher Ogden. The author stated that he chose to write the book anyway after Harriman canceled plans for an authorized biography and did not pay him for the work he did. Kirkus Reviews stated \"That may or may not have influenced his perspective when he decided to write the story anyway\". Ogden had, over a period of several months, collected about forty hours of interview footage. Ogden was a correspondent for \"Time\". There are nineteen chapters, with most of them each being named after a male figure with significance in the biography. Kirkus stated that the author had a negative view of her romantic ties, and according to Kirkus this was not primarily about any promiscuity but instead about allowing her partners to give her support. \"Kirkus Reviews\" stated that \" This is fun to read as the names drop, but it offers more titillation than insight into\" the subject. \"Publishers Weekly\" stated that the book is \"captivating, gossipy, withering\".", "Beside two additional marriages, Pamela Harriman had numerous affairs with men of prominence and wealth. During her marriage to Randolph Churchill, she had romantic involvements with men such as: W. Averell Harriman, who much later became her third husband; Edward R. Murrow; and John Hay \"Jock\" Whitney. Notable consorts after her divorce included Prince Aly Khan, Alfonso de Portago, Gianni Agnelli, and Baron Elie de Rothschild. Churchill became well known for her attention to detail with men. When involved romantically with a man, she paid extremely close attention to his desires, his preferences, and went to any lengths necessary to satisfy his needs during the affair. William S. Paley, briefly a consort during the war, said: \"She is the greatest courtesan of the century\", meaning it more as a compliment than a detraction. The more critical Max Hastings said, acerbically, \"she was ... described as having become 'a world expert on rich men's bedroom ceilings'.\" After her divorce from Randolph Churchill, she moved to Paris and in 1948 began her five-year-long affair with Gianni Agnelli. She described this as the happiest period of her life. Agnelli, however, was not faithful in this relationship. In 1952, Pamela found him with a young woman, Anne-Marie d'Estainville, and complained strongly about this, despite her own past behaviour. Agnelli sustained a severe leg injury in a car accident while bringing d'Estainville home. Pamela nursed him through his injury, and later became pregnant (although it was never confirmed that this was by Agnelli), but had an abortion in Switzerland. Later, Princess Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto became pregnant by Agnelli, and Pamela Churchill ended the affair.", "Arabella Churchill (charity founder) Arabella Spencer-Churchill (30 October 1949 \u2013 20 December 2007) was an English charity founder, festival co-founder, and fundraiser. In 1971, Churchill played a major role in the development of the Glastonbury Festival. In 1979, she set up the Children's Area of the Festival and also the Theatre Area. Until her death, she ran the Theatre and Circus Fields. Her duties in the 2007 festival involved the booking and management of some 1500 separate acts. She also founded and was the director of the Children's World charity. Churchill was born in London to Randolph Churchill (son of Sir Winston Churchill) and his second wife June Osborne (daughter of Colonel Rex Hamilton Osborne), and was half-sister to Winston Churchill, who was born to Randolph Churchill and his first wife Pamela Beryl Digby, better known as Pamela Harriman. She appeared, at the age of two, in the portrait of Winston Churchill and his family which hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. She went to Fritham School for Girls, where she was Head Girl, and then Ladymede school, near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. She worked at Lepra, the charity for leprosy sufferers, and then briefly at London Weekend Television. In 1954 she had appeared on the cover of \"Life\" as part of a feature on possible future spouses of Prince Charles. In 1967 she was 'Debutante of the Year,' appeared in January UK Vogue feature 'Youthquakers Face '67' photographed by Norman Parkinson, met the Kennedys and Martin Luther King in America, and was romantically linked with Crown Prince (now King) Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in 1970. In 1971 she was invited to represent Britain at the Norfolk International Azalea Festival in Virginia, established in 1953 after NATO's Allied command was established there.", "Reverse breathing Reverse Breathing is a breathing technique associated with qigong. It is commonly referred to as Taoist Breathing. It consists of expanding the abdomen while breathing out through the nose and then compressing it while inhaling through the mouth, which is the opposite of what an abdomen would do during natural, instinctive breathing. The technique is also widely practiced in a number of martial arts. Some notable ones include Chinese systems such as Baguazhang, T'ai chi ch'uan and other styles of Kung Fu. Reverse Breathing is believed to activate healing and protective Chi as the practitioner is consciously controlling the breath in a way opposite to normal breathing. By expanding the abdomen while delivering some technique (e.g. punch), the martial artists also protect the inner organs from any received counterattack. There are many benefits to the practice of Reverse Breathing. The Livestrong article says that it is believed to help strengthen abdominal muscles because the practice requires that one uses their abdominal muscles in order to take in breath while shrinking their stomach. It is also believed to strengthen one\u2019s immune system by spreading oxygen throughout the body that creates an energy that can protect the body from viruses and negative bacteria. This Idea is known as Guardian Chi. According to the book, The Tao of Natural Breathing, Reverse Breathing can also improve energy levels by causing a change in pressure between the chest and the abdomen. It is also believed to increase one's lung capacity. Breathing in reverse to how the body naturally would, allows more air to enter one\u2019s lungs, which can help to train the lungs to take in more air. Reverse Breathing is also often practiced for the purpose of deepening a meditation or drawing energy into the body.", "He also was the subject of controversy in 1995 when he and his family sold a large archive of his grandfather's papers for \u00a312.5m to Churchill College, Cambridge. The purchase was funded by a grant from the newly established National Lottery. After leaving Parliament, Churchill was a sought-after speaker on the lecture circuit and wrote many articles in support of the Iraq War and the fight against Islamic terrorism. He also edited a compilation of his grandfather's famous speeches entitled \"Never Give In\". In 2007, he acted as a spokesman for the pressure group UK National Defence Association. He was also involved with the National Benevolent Fund for the Aged, as trustee from 1974 and chair from 1995 to 2010. He attempted to be selected as an MEP, but was unsuccessful. Churchill was the son of Randolph Churchill (1911\u20131968), the only son of Sir Winston Churchill, and of Randolph's wife Pamela Digby (1920\u20131997), later to become famous as Pamela Harriman. His parents divorced in 1945. His father married June Osborne: their daughter was Arabella Churchill (1949\u20132007). Churchill's first marriage, in July 1964, was to Mary \"Minnie\" Caroline d'Erlanger, the daughter of the banker Sir Gerard John Regis d'Erlanger and granddaughter of Baron Emile Beaumont d'Erlanger. The couple had four children:   Churchill's second marriage, to Luce Engelen, a Belgian-born jewellery maker, lasted from 1997 until his death. Churchill lived in Belgravia, London, where he died on 2 March 2010 from prostate cancer, from which he had suffered for the last two years of his life."], "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Pamela filed for divorce in December 1945", "answer_start": 432}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pamela Harriman marry Churchill?", "answer": {"text": "they were married on 4 October 1939.", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they get married", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_451fc4110c8446859a57b8036f27567e_1_q#3", "question": "did Pamela cheat on Churchill", "rewrite": "did Pamela Harriman cheat on Churchill", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Harriman died on July 26, 1986 in Yorktown Heights, New York, at the age of 94. Averell and Pamela Harriman are buried at the Arden Farm Graveyard in Arden, New York. For the state park in New York named after his parents, see Harriman State Park (New York). Harriman State Park is a state park in eastern Idaho, United States. It is located on an 11,000-acre (45 km2) wildlife refuge in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and is home to an abundance of elk, moose, sandhill cranes, trumpeter swans, and the occasional black or grizzly bear. Two-thirds of the trumpeter swans that winter in the contiguous United States spend the season in Harriman State Park. The land was deeded to Idaho for free in 1977 by Roland and W. Averell Harriman, whose insistence that the state have a professional park managing service helped prompt the creation of the Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation in 1965. The park opened to the public in 1982. It is located in Fremont County, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Island Park, Idaho. Henry's Fork, a fly-fishing stream, winds through the meadows of Harriman State Park. In winter, many of its roads and trails are groomed for cross country skiing.", "Beside two additional marriages, Pamela Harriman had numerous affairs with men of prominence and wealth. During her marriage to Randolph Churchill, she had romantic involvements with men such as: W. Averell Harriman, who much later became her third husband; Edward R. Murrow; and John Hay \"Jock\" Whitney. Notable consorts after her divorce included Prince Aly Khan, Alfonso de Portago, Gianni Agnelli, and Baron Elie de Rothschild. Churchill became well known for her attention to detail with men. When involved romantically with a man, she paid extremely close attention to his desires, his preferences, and went to any lengths necessary to satisfy his needs during the affair. William S. Paley, briefly a consort during the war, said: \"She is the greatest courtesan of the century\", meaning it more as a compliment than a detraction. The more critical Max Hastings said, acerbically, \"she was ... described as having become 'a world expert on rich men's bedroom ceilings'.\" After her divorce from Randolph Churchill, she moved to Paris and in 1948 began her five-year-long affair with Gianni Agnelli. She described this as the happiest period of her life. Agnelli, however, was not faithful in this relationship. In 1952, Pamela found him with a young woman, Anne-Marie d'Estainville, and complained strongly about this, despite her own past behaviour. Agnelli sustained a severe leg injury in a car accident while bringing d'Estainville home. Pamela nursed him through his injury, and later became pregnant (although it was never confirmed that this was by Agnelli), but had an abortion in Switzerland. Later, Princess Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto became pregnant by Agnelli, and Pamela Churchill ended the affair.", "Arabella Churchill (charity founder) Arabella Spencer-Churchill (30 October 1949 \u2013 20 December 2007) was an English charity founder, festival co-founder, and fundraiser. In 1971, Churchill played a major role in the development of the Glastonbury Festival. In 1979, she set up the Children's Area of the Festival and also the Theatre Area. Until her death, she ran the Theatre and Circus Fields. Her duties in the 2007 festival involved the booking and management of some 1500 separate acts. She also founded and was the director of the Children's World charity. Churchill was born in London to Randolph Churchill (son of Sir Winston Churchill) and his second wife June Osborne (daughter of Colonel Rex Hamilton Osborne), and was half-sister to Winston Churchill, who was born to Randolph Churchill and his first wife Pamela Beryl Digby, better known as Pamela Harriman. She appeared, at the age of two, in the portrait of Winston Churchill and his family which hangs in the National Portrait Gallery. She went to Fritham School for Girls, where she was Head Girl, and then Ladymede school, near Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. She worked at Lepra, the charity for leprosy sufferers, and then briefly at London Weekend Television. In 1954 she had appeared on the cover of \"Life\" as part of a feature on possible future spouses of Prince Charles. In 1967 she was 'Debutante of the Year,' appeared in January UK Vogue feature 'Youthquakers Face '67' photographed by Norman Parkinson, met the Kennedys and Martin Luther King in America, and was romantically linked with Crown Prince (now King) Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden in 1970. In 1971 she was invited to represent Britain at the Norfolk International Azalea Festival in Virginia, established in 1953 after NATO's Allied command was established there.", "He also was the subject of controversy in 1995 when he and his family sold a large archive of his grandfather's papers for \u00a312.5m to Churchill College, Cambridge. The purchase was funded by a grant from the newly established National Lottery. After leaving Parliament, Churchill was a sought-after speaker on the lecture circuit and wrote many articles in support of the Iraq War and the fight against Islamic terrorism. He also edited a compilation of his grandfather's famous speeches entitled \"Never Give In\". In 2007, he acted as a spokesman for the pressure group UK National Defence Association. He was also involved with the National Benevolent Fund for the Aged, as trustee from 1974 and chair from 1995 to 2010. He attempted to be selected as an MEP, but was unsuccessful. Churchill was the son of Randolph Churchill (1911\u20131968), the only son of Sir Winston Churchill, and of Randolph's wife Pamela Digby (1920\u20131997), later to become famous as Pamela Harriman. His parents divorced in 1945. His father married June Osborne: their daughter was Arabella Churchill (1949\u20132007). Churchill's first marriage, in July 1964, was to Mary \"Minnie\" Caroline d'Erlanger, the daughter of the banker Sir Gerard John Regis d'Erlanger and granddaughter of Baron Emile Beaumont d'Erlanger. The couple had four children:   Churchill's second marriage, to Luce Engelen, a Belgian-born jewellery maker, lasted from 1997 until his death. Churchill lived in Belgravia, London, where he died on 2 March 2010 from prostate cancer, from which he had suffered for the last two years of his life.", "Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman  Life of the Party: The Biography of Pamela Digby Churchill Hayward Harriman is an unauthorized 1994 biography of Pamela Harriman by Christopher Ogden. The author stated that he chose to write the book anyway after Harriman canceled plans for an authorized biography and did not pay him for the work he did. Kirkus Reviews stated \"That may or may not have influenced his perspective when he decided to write the story anyway\". Ogden had, over a period of several months, collected about forty hours of interview footage. Ogden was a correspondent for \"Time\". There are nineteen chapters, with most of them each being named after a male figure with significance in the biography. Kirkus stated that the author had a negative view of her romantic ties, and according to Kirkus this was not primarily about any promiscuity but instead about allowing her partners to give her support. \"Kirkus Reviews\" stated that \" This is fun to read as the names drop, but it offers more titillation than insight into\" the subject. \"Publishers Weekly\" stated that the book is \"captivating, gossipy, withering\"."], "answer": {"text": "After the war, Randolph had an affair with Bevan's wife.", "answer_start": 375}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pamela Harriman marry Churchill?", "answer": {"text": "they were married on 4 October 1939.", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they get married", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how long were they married for", "answer": {"text": "Eventually, Pamela filed for divorce in December 1945", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5f83ac1799c41b5b0dce03e8fe8056f_1_q#0", "question": "What are the Northampton demos?", "rewrite": "What are the Northampton demos?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to Konstantinos Liarikos, environmental programme director of WWF, part of the existing fire service needs to be especially dedicated to forest fire-fighting, and emphasis should be on suppression rather than prevention: the cost of hiring an Erickson Air-Crane Helitanker fire-fighting helicopter is 800,000 euros a season, and is equivalent to the cost of hiring 800 seasonal fire-fighters, which WWF claims would be more effective. In addition, citizen awareness programmes are needed to educated suburban residents about fire prevention and fire-fighting. For example, the connection of electric pumps to swimming pools to help residents to use water for dousing fires. Planting fire-resistant tree species in gardens, such as bay laurel, poplar, acacia and oak, can also help save homes. In 2007, fires spread more slowly in rural areas of the Peloponnese where a farming population kept areas well-managed and clear of grass. About half the burnt woodlands should be able to recover because they are mature pine forests. The other half, are low in regenerative capacity due to repeated burning. Countless animals have perished in the fires, tortoises being the most easily visible, due to their burnt-out shells. Birds and faster-moving animals can flee, but will now over-burden nearby eco-systems. Surviving animals may suffer from burns and smoke inhalation. Re-colonisation of burnt areas will be slow, commencing with insects, lizards and birds, with hares, partridges and foxes only arriving after the first rain has led to new growth. Lack of forest cover will make it easier for predators to locate certain prey species. The Association for the Protection and Welfare of Wildlife (Anima) operate a 24-hour call centre at telephone:", "Mstislav Rostislavich Mstislav Rostislavich (ca. 1143? \u2013 1180), known as \"The Brave\" (), was Prince of Smolensk and Prince of Novgorod. He should not be confused with another prince of the same name, Mstislav Rostislavich Bezokii (\"The Eyeless\" - so named because he and his brother, Iaropolk were blinded by Vsevolod The Big Nest in 1176), who was Prince of Rostov and also Prince of Novgorod and who died in 1178. Mstislav was the fourth of five sons (and the eighth of nine children) of Rostislav Mstislavich, who was briefly Grand Prince of Kiev in 1167. Mstislav himself married twice; his first wife was a daughter of Iaroslav Iziaslavich of Volynia (and later Grand Prince of Kiev), while his second wife, whom he married sometime before 1176, was a daughter of Gleb Rostislavich of Riazan. Mstislav was Prince of Belgorod in 1161 and again from 1171 to 1173, Prince of Toropets since 1167, and Prince of Smolensk from 1175 to 1177. In 1168, he was one of thirteen princes of Rus' who, under Grand Prince Mstislav Iziaslavich, defeated the Polovtsy in a major battle on the steppe. The following year, he and his brother Roman along with the son of Andrey Bogolyubsky, besieged Novgorod the Great but Bogolyubsky's army was defeated in battle. In 1171, Mstislav and his brothers helped place their uncle, Vladimir Mstislavich of Dorogobuzh, on the Kievan throne, although he was soon deposed.", "Beattie was to be a key witness for Paul Fromm during the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal concerning Holocaust denier Ernst Z\u00fcndel in 2000. Fromm's organization, the Canadian Association for Free Expression, had intervenor status during the hearings. Fromm claimed that Beattie would testify that the Canadian Nazi Party had been a front created by the Canadian Jewish Congress as a means to enact Section 319 of the Criminal Code:  When it came time for his testimony however, Beattie was unavailable. Although Fromm later claimed that Beattie's absence was as a result of a scheduling conflict, it appears that Beattie was upset by the wording of the press release that referred to him as a \"dupe\" and \"patsy.\" Beattie, who has since worked as a paralegal, has re-created the British People's League, which claims to promote and protect \"our ancient cultural traditions, as a powerful lobby force. \" Whilst he did host a show for a small time on WTFR He is no longer active in broadcasting. Beattie ran for local office in 2014, as a candidate for deputy reeve of Minden Hills, Ontario.", "After the Spanish Civil War, the Our Lady of the Pillar became a symbol of Hispanidad in Spain and was linked to the National Catholicism of the Franco\u00b4s regime to the ideas of patriotism and \"Hispanic essences\". Franco created the Council of the Hispanidad on 2 November 1940. It was thought at first to be a sort of supranational institution, and it ended up being a council of 74 members, charged with the task of coordinating the relations with Latin America. The Hispanidad became the source of an expansive nationalism (first imperialist and then cultural). Besides its character both as national identitary element and as stalwart of Catholicism, Francoism would use the Hispanidad in international relations. The Council of the Hispanidad would become the in 1946 and change from a more Falangist profile to a more Catholic one. That happened within a framework of a general change in the doctrine of the Hispanidad between 1945 and 1947, with Alberto Mart\u00edn-Artajo at the helm of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The message then became more defensive and less aggressive, with fewer mentions of \"empire\" and \"race\" (biological). Afterwards, later in the Francoist dictatorship, the regime, then less constrained by the international community, recovered more aggressive rhetorics, but it failed to reach the full extent of when Ram\u00f3n Serrano Su\u00f1er was Minister of Foreign Affairs. In 1958, the Day of the Race was renamed to Day of the Hispanidad in Spain. Already in the 1930s, conservative Mexican writer had become an active propagandist of the Hispanidad.", "Mehmed I Giray Mehmed I Giray (b. 1465 \u2013 d. 1523) (reign 1515 \u2013 1523) was khan of the Crimean Khanate. He was preceded by his father Me\u00f1li I Giray (r. 1478 \u2013 1515) and followed by his son \u011eaz\u0131 I Giray (1523 \u2013 24). He gained control of the steppe nomads, put his brother on the throne of Kazan and was killed after taking Astrakhan. Had he not been killed he might have joined the three khanates with the Nogais and re-created something like the Golden Horde. As his father\u2019s Kalga or designated successor and co-ruler, he participated in a number of raids northward. In 1505 he and his father raided what is now Belarus. In 1507 they advanced toward Russia, but turned back on learning of a Nogai raid on Crimea. Mehmed fell from his horse and became ill. The force returned to Crimea. In 1509 the Nogais planned to attack Crimea. Mehmed and a very large army defeated them as they were crossing the Volga. Much booty was taken. In 1510 he was also successful against the Nogais. In 1512 he raided Russia but was driven back by troops from Ryazan. In 1514 he was driven back from the Severia. In 1515, in alliance with the Lithuaneans he besieged Novgorod-Seversky. Starodub and Chernogov and took many captives. (\"A common tactic was to bottle up troops in the towns and loot the surrounding countryside.\") For these raids see Crimean-Nogai Raids#List of raids for years 1505-1523. When his father died in April 1515 Mehmed was at Perekop."], "answer": {"text": "a new demo tape.", "answer_start": 210}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a5f83ac1799c41b5b0dce03e8fe8056f_1_q#1", "question": "What was their style?", "rewrite": "What was the style of Spacemen 3?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Darkside The Darkside (or Darkside) were an indie rock band formed in 1989 by former members of Spacemen 3. After releasing two studio albums they split up in 1993. The band formed in Rugby in 1989 and was led by Pete Bain (aka Bassman), who had left Spacemen 3 just before their 1989 album \"Playing With Fire\". Bain was then joined in the new outfit by his former bandmate, drummer Sterling Roswell (aka Rosco). Vocals were initially handled by Nick Haydn but his departure forced Bain to assume them. The group were signed to Beggars Banquet Records offshoot Situation Two throughout their existence. Contrary to much of what is written about the band, Haydn has always claimed he was a founder member, once played with Spacemen 3 himself and wrote most of the band's early material (although credited to 'The Darkside' on record labels), and also played guitar as well as being the lead vocalist. Hayden left the band shortly before he was due to go on stage at a gig in Oxford. Hayden then formed the Oxford band Flite 118 whose set list included much of the early The Darkside songs such as \"Highrise Love\", \"Ocean of Fire\" and \"Can't Think Straight\". The group debuted in April 1990 with the single \"Highrise Love\", which was followed by \"Waiting for the Angels\" and the album, \"All That Noise\". With Rosco moving to keyboards, the group recruited Craig Wagstaff, whom they had known while in Spacemen 3. The band's next release was the mail-order only \"Psychedelicise Suburbia\" live album in 1991. A double-EP in November 1991 preceded second studio album \"Melomania\", which was released in January 1992.", "In November 1985, Spacemen 3 played a gig at a leisure centre in Coventry to an audience of fewer than ten people. Nevertheless, encouraged by the support of Pat Fish, they determined that they ought to record a new demo tape. By this time they had reconfigured and honed their musical style, and their repertoire consisted of newer songs and re-worked older ones. \"The band's sound had crystallised into the intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia which characterised their early [record] output, and which would serve as a template for their live act throughout their existence\" (Ian Edmond, Record Collector). At Pierce's instigation, Pete Bain rejoined the band on bass in order to fill out their sound. Despite being a 4-piece again, they would retain the name 'Spacemen 3'. Kember and Pierce opted to upgrade their guitar equipment ahead of recording the new demos. Kember purchased a Burns Jazz electric guitar and 1960s Vox Conqueror amplifier; whilst Pierce bought a Fender Telecaster and a 1970s HH amplifier. Both of their new amplifiers included distortion/fuzz and tremolo; these two effects were key components of Spacemen 3's signature sound. In January 1986, Spacemen 3 attended the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton, to record their new demo tape. They spent three-and-a-half days at the 16-track studio. Recording live as a group, with minimal overdubs, they managed to get demos for approximately seven songs. Kember and Pierce handled the production. These \"fine set of performances\" (Ned Raggett, AllMusic) would later be unofficially released as the vinyl album Taking Drugs to Make Music to Take Drugs To on the Father Yod label in 1990 (albeit described incorrectly as \"rehearsals in Rugby\").", "Will Carruthers Will Carruthers (born 9 November 1967, in Chesterfield, England) is a musician, best known for playing bass in the influential alternative rock bands Spacemen 3 and Spiritualized. Carruthers moved to Rugby in 1977, and joined St Mark's Junior school. After leaving Lawrence Sheriff School at the age of 16, he went to work in a sheet metal factory in Birmingham, and it was then he began to teach himself to play bass. He then moved back to Rugby, and became involved in the local music scene, joining the local band, The Cogs of Tyme. Carruthers plays a 1976 Gibson Thunderbird electric bass guitar. Carruthers joined Spacemen 3, replacing bassist Pete Bain, in 1988. One of his first gigs was the performance that would represent the live \"Dreamweapon\" album. He performed on Spacemen 3 third studio album, \"Playing with Fire\" released in 1989. Spacemen 3 toured extensively in Europe in 1989. Carruthers contributed to Peter Kember's solo side project, album \"Spectrum\". He also played on Spacemen 3's fourth and final studio album, \"Recurring\". At a time when internal conflict was rife in the band, Carruthers left the Spacemen 3 in 1990 before the album was completed. He went to work on a building site as a labourer to pay off the debts he had incurred during his time in the band. Following the demise of Spacemen 3, Carruthers was approached by Jason Pierce to join a new band that he was forming with all of the musicians from Spacemen 3 except Peter Kember. Carruthers was eventually persuaded to join, and the band recorded a single \" Anyway That You Want Me\", a cover of a song originally recorded by The Troggs.", "Spiritualized Spiritualized are an English space rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. After several line up-changes, in 1999, the band centered on Pierce (vocals, guitar), John Coxon (guitars, keyboards), Doggen Foster (guitar), Kevin Bales (drums and percussion) and Tom Edwards (percussion and keyboards) with revolving bassists, current player Thomas Wayne has being playing with the band since 2009. Spiritualized have released eight studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's \"Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space\", which \"NME\" magazine named as their Album of the Year, beating other critically acclaimed albums such as Radiohead's \"OK Computer\" and The Verve's \"Urban Hymns\". Following a breakdown in relations between Spacemen 3 co-frontmen Peter Kember and Jason Pierce, the group's bassist Will Carruthers, drummer Jonny Mattock, and guitarist Mark Refoy were asked by Pierce to form a new group alongside local friend Steve Evans, subsequently calling themselves Spiritualized. The band took their name from an adaptation of the text on the back label of a bottle of Pernod. Due to formation from a majority of Spacemen 3 members, a technical clause meant that Spiritualized had to maintain the Spacemen 3 recording contract with Dedicated Records. The first Spiritualized release, in 1990, was a cover of The Troggs' \" Anyway That You Want Me\"; the record heralded the official split of Spacemen 3 following contractual wrangles over the band's name and its use in Spiritualized-related promotional material (initial copies of \"Anyway That You Want Me\" came with a Spacemen 3 logo on the sleeve).", "Peter Kember Peter Kember (born 19 November 1965), also known by his stage name Sonic Boom, is an English singer and record producer. He was a founding member, bassist, vocalist and guitarist of alternative rock band Spacemen 3, lasting from 1982 until the band's dissolution in 1991. He provided the production on MGMT's sophomore album \"Congratulations,\" Panda Bear's albums \"Tomboy\" and \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", and Beach House's seventh album, eponymously titled \"7.\" As a solo artist, Kember has recorded as Spectrum and E.A.R. (Experimental Audio Research), parallel musical projects with recordings under both names occasionally only featuring Kember. He has occasionally performed live under both monikers, most recently in 2008\u201311 as Spectrum, touring as a band in America and Europe. Kember has played and collaborated with a number of artists, including Stereolab and Yo La Tengo. Kember's first solo album, \"Spectrum\", was recorded in 1989 while Spacemen 3 were still a going concern, and featured the other members of the group. Kember recruited new musicians Richard Formby, who had previously contributed guitar and keyboards to Sonic Boom's side of the final Spacemen 3 album 'Recurring', and Mike Stout for the group Spectrum in 1991. Initial Spectrum releases carried on from the sound of late-period Spacemen 3, featuring conventional songs and a regular band. First single \" How You Satisfy Me\" was an original composition by Kember and Formby reminiscent of 1960s garage bands, based as it was upon the Chip Taylor-penned pop hit \"Can't Let Go\". \""], "answer": {"text": "intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia", "answer_start": 409}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the Northampton demos?", "answer": {"text": "a new demo tape.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5f83ac1799c41b5b0dce03e8fe8056f_1_q#2", "question": "How many members were on the demo album?", "rewrite": "How many members of Spacemen 3 were on the demo album 'Northampton Demos'?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Will Carruthers Will Carruthers (born 9 November 1967, in Chesterfield, England) is a musician, best known for playing bass in the influential alternative rock bands Spacemen 3 and Spiritualized. Carruthers moved to Rugby in 1977, and joined St Mark's Junior school. After leaving Lawrence Sheriff School at the age of 16, he went to work in a sheet metal factory in Birmingham, and it was then he began to teach himself to play bass. He then moved back to Rugby, and became involved in the local music scene, joining the local band, The Cogs of Tyme. Carruthers plays a 1976 Gibson Thunderbird electric bass guitar. Carruthers joined Spacemen 3, replacing bassist Pete Bain, in 1988. One of his first gigs was the performance that would represent the live \"Dreamweapon\" album. He performed on Spacemen 3 third studio album, \"Playing with Fire\" released in 1989. Spacemen 3 toured extensively in Europe in 1989. Carruthers contributed to Peter Kember's solo side project, album \"Spectrum\". He also played on Spacemen 3's fourth and final studio album, \"Recurring\". At a time when internal conflict was rife in the band, Carruthers left the Spacemen 3 in 1990 before the album was completed. He went to work on a building site as a labourer to pay off the debts he had incurred during his time in the band. Following the demise of Spacemen 3, Carruthers was approached by Jason Pierce to join a new band that he was forming with all of the musicians from Spacemen 3 except Peter Kember. Carruthers was eventually persuaded to join, and the band recorded a single \" Anyway That You Want Me\", a cover of a song originally recorded by The Troggs.", "Peter Kember Peter Kember (born 19 November 1965), also known by his stage name Sonic Boom, is an English singer and record producer. He was a founding member, bassist, vocalist and guitarist of alternative rock band Spacemen 3, lasting from 1982 until the band's dissolution in 1991. He provided the production on MGMT's sophomore album \"Congratulations,\" Panda Bear's albums \"Tomboy\" and \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", and Beach House's seventh album, eponymously titled \"7.\" As a solo artist, Kember has recorded as Spectrum and E.A.R. (Experimental Audio Research), parallel musical projects with recordings under both names occasionally only featuring Kember. He has occasionally performed live under both monikers, most recently in 2008\u201311 as Spectrum, touring as a band in America and Europe. Kember has played and collaborated with a number of artists, including Stereolab and Yo La Tengo. Kember's first solo album, \"Spectrum\", was recorded in 1989 while Spacemen 3 were still a going concern, and featured the other members of the group. Kember recruited new musicians Richard Formby, who had previously contributed guitar and keyboards to Sonic Boom's side of the final Spacemen 3 album 'Recurring', and Mike Stout for the group Spectrum in 1991. Initial Spectrum releases carried on from the sound of late-period Spacemen 3, featuring conventional songs and a regular band. First single \" How You Satisfy Me\" was an original composition by Kember and Formby reminiscent of 1960s garage bands, based as it was upon the Chip Taylor-penned pop hit \"Can't Let Go\". \"", "In November 1985, Spacemen 3 played a gig at a leisure centre in Coventry to an audience of fewer than ten people. Nevertheless, encouraged by the support of Pat Fish, they determined that they ought to record a new demo tape. By this time they had reconfigured and honed their musical style, and their repertoire consisted of newer songs and re-worked older ones. \"The band's sound had crystallised into the intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia which characterised their early [record] output, and which would serve as a template for their live act throughout their existence\" (Ian Edmond, Record Collector). At Pierce's instigation, Pete Bain rejoined the band on bass in order to fill out their sound. Despite being a 4-piece again, they would retain the name 'Spacemen 3'. Kember and Pierce opted to upgrade their guitar equipment ahead of recording the new demos. Kember purchased a Burns Jazz electric guitar and 1960s Vox Conqueror amplifier; whilst Pierce bought a Fender Telecaster and a 1970s HH amplifier. Both of their new amplifiers included distortion/fuzz and tremolo; these two effects were key components of Spacemen 3's signature sound. In January 1986, Spacemen 3 attended the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton, to record their new demo tape. They spent three-and-a-half days at the 16-track studio. Recording live as a group, with minimal overdubs, they managed to get demos for approximately seven songs. Kember and Pierce handled the production. These \"fine set of performances\" (Ned Raggett, AllMusic) would later be unofficially released as the vinyl album Taking Drugs to Make Music to Take Drugs To on the Father Yod label in 1990 (albeit described incorrectly as \"rehearsals in Rugby\").", "The Darkside The Darkside (or Darkside) were an indie rock band formed in 1989 by former members of Spacemen 3. After releasing two studio albums they split up in 1993. The band formed in Rugby in 1989 and was led by Pete Bain (aka Bassman), who had left Spacemen 3 just before their 1989 album \"Playing With Fire\". Bain was then joined in the new outfit by his former bandmate, drummer Sterling Roswell (aka Rosco). Vocals were initially handled by Nick Haydn but his departure forced Bain to assume them. The group were signed to Beggars Banquet Records offshoot Situation Two throughout their existence. Contrary to much of what is written about the band, Haydn has always claimed he was a founder member, once played with Spacemen 3 himself and wrote most of the band's early material (although credited to 'The Darkside' on record labels), and also played guitar as well as being the lead vocalist. Hayden left the band shortly before he was due to go on stage at a gig in Oxford. Hayden then formed the Oxford band Flite 118 whose set list included much of the early The Darkside songs such as \"Highrise Love\", \"Ocean of Fire\" and \"Can't Think Straight\". The group debuted in April 1990 with the single \"Highrise Love\", which was followed by \"Waiting for the Angels\" and the album, \"All That Noise\". With Rosco moving to keyboards, the group recruited Craig Wagstaff, whom they had known while in Spacemen 3. The band's next release was the mail-order only \"Psychedelicise Suburbia\" live album in 1991. A double-EP in November 1991 preceded second studio album \"Melomania\", which was released in January 1992.", "Spiritualized Spiritualized are an English space rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. After several line up-changes, in 1999, the band centered on Pierce (vocals, guitar), John Coxon (guitars, keyboards), Doggen Foster (guitar), Kevin Bales (drums and percussion) and Tom Edwards (percussion and keyboards) with revolving bassists, current player Thomas Wayne has being playing with the band since 2009. Spiritualized have released eight studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's \"Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space\", which \"NME\" magazine named as their Album of the Year, beating other critically acclaimed albums such as Radiohead's \"OK Computer\" and The Verve's \"Urban Hymns\". Following a breakdown in relations between Spacemen 3 co-frontmen Peter Kember and Jason Pierce, the group's bassist Will Carruthers, drummer Jonny Mattock, and guitarist Mark Refoy were asked by Pierce to form a new group alongside local friend Steve Evans, subsequently calling themselves Spiritualized. The band took their name from an adaptation of the text on the back label of a bottle of Pernod. Due to formation from a majority of Spacemen 3 members, a technical clause meant that Spiritualized had to maintain the Spacemen 3 recording contract with Dedicated Records. The first Spiritualized release, in 1990, was a cover of The Troggs' \" Anyway That You Want Me\"; the record heralded the official split of Spacemen 3 following contractual wrangles over the band's name and its use in Spiritualized-related promotional material (initial copies of \"Anyway That You Want Me\" came with a Spacemen 3 logo on the sleeve)."], "answer": {"text": "4", "answer_start": 726}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the Northampton demos?", "answer": {"text": "a new demo tape.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their style?", "answer": {"text": "intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5f83ac1799c41b5b0dce03e8fe8056f_1_q#3", "question": "where did they record the album?", "rewrite": "Where did Spacemen 3 record 'Northampton Demos'?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 1985, Spacemen 3 played a gig at a leisure centre in Coventry to an audience of fewer than ten people. Nevertheless, encouraged by the support of Pat Fish, they determined that they ought to record a new demo tape. By this time they had reconfigured and honed their musical style, and their repertoire consisted of newer songs and re-worked older ones. \"The band's sound had crystallised into the intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia which characterised their early [record] output, and which would serve as a template for their live act throughout their existence\" (Ian Edmond, Record Collector). At Pierce's instigation, Pete Bain rejoined the band on bass in order to fill out their sound. Despite being a 4-piece again, they would retain the name 'Spacemen 3'. Kember and Pierce opted to upgrade their guitar equipment ahead of recording the new demos. Kember purchased a Burns Jazz electric guitar and 1960s Vox Conqueror amplifier; whilst Pierce bought a Fender Telecaster and a 1970s HH amplifier. Both of their new amplifiers included distortion/fuzz and tremolo; these two effects were key components of Spacemen 3's signature sound. In January 1986, Spacemen 3 attended the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton, to record their new demo tape. They spent three-and-a-half days at the 16-track studio. Recording live as a group, with minimal overdubs, they managed to get demos for approximately seven songs. Kember and Pierce handled the production. These \"fine set of performances\" (Ned Raggett, AllMusic) would later be unofficially released as the vinyl album Taking Drugs to Make Music to Take Drugs To on the Father Yod label in 1990 (albeit described incorrectly as \"rehearsals in Rugby\").", "Spiritualized Spiritualized are an English space rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. After several line up-changes, in 1999, the band centered on Pierce (vocals, guitar), John Coxon (guitars, keyboards), Doggen Foster (guitar), Kevin Bales (drums and percussion) and Tom Edwards (percussion and keyboards) with revolving bassists, current player Thomas Wayne has being playing with the band since 2009. Spiritualized have released eight studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's \"Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space\", which \"NME\" magazine named as their Album of the Year, beating other critically acclaimed albums such as Radiohead's \"OK Computer\" and The Verve's \"Urban Hymns\". Following a breakdown in relations between Spacemen 3 co-frontmen Peter Kember and Jason Pierce, the group's bassist Will Carruthers, drummer Jonny Mattock, and guitarist Mark Refoy were asked by Pierce to form a new group alongside local friend Steve Evans, subsequently calling themselves Spiritualized. The band took their name from an adaptation of the text on the back label of a bottle of Pernod. Due to formation from a majority of Spacemen 3 members, a technical clause meant that Spiritualized had to maintain the Spacemen 3 recording contract with Dedicated Records. The first Spiritualized release, in 1990, was a cover of The Troggs' \" Anyway That You Want Me\"; the record heralded the official split of Spacemen 3 following contractual wrangles over the band's name and its use in Spiritualized-related promotional material (initial copies of \"Anyway That You Want Me\" came with a Spacemen 3 logo on the sleeve).", "Will Carruthers Will Carruthers (born 9 November 1967, in Chesterfield, England) is a musician, best known for playing bass in the influential alternative rock bands Spacemen 3 and Spiritualized. Carruthers moved to Rugby in 1977, and joined St Mark's Junior school. After leaving Lawrence Sheriff School at the age of 16, he went to work in a sheet metal factory in Birmingham, and it was then he began to teach himself to play bass. He then moved back to Rugby, and became involved in the local music scene, joining the local band, The Cogs of Tyme. Carruthers plays a 1976 Gibson Thunderbird electric bass guitar. Carruthers joined Spacemen 3, replacing bassist Pete Bain, in 1988. One of his first gigs was the performance that would represent the live \"Dreamweapon\" album. He performed on Spacemen 3 third studio album, \"Playing with Fire\" released in 1989. Spacemen 3 toured extensively in Europe in 1989. Carruthers contributed to Peter Kember's solo side project, album \"Spectrum\". He also played on Spacemen 3's fourth and final studio album, \"Recurring\". At a time when internal conflict was rife in the band, Carruthers left the Spacemen 3 in 1990 before the album was completed. He went to work on a building site as a labourer to pay off the debts he had incurred during his time in the band. Following the demise of Spacemen 3, Carruthers was approached by Jason Pierce to join a new band that he was forming with all of the musicians from Spacemen 3 except Peter Kember. Carruthers was eventually persuaded to join, and the band recorded a single \" Anyway That You Want Me\", a cover of a song originally recorded by The Troggs.", "The Flowers of Hell (album) The Flowers Of Hell is the 2006 instrumental self-titled debut album from the experimental rock group The Flowers of Hell. It was largely recorded by Tim Holmes of Death In Vegas at the Contino Rooms in London. Peter \u2018Sonic Boom\u2019 Kember of Spacemen 3 mentored the band through its creation, mixed and performed on the track 'Through The F Hole', contributed a liner note poem to the Japanese CD version, and guest deejayed at the record's London release concert. Band leader Greg Jarvis has stated that the goal of the album was to build classical tangents from The Velvet Underground & Nico and the Spacemen 3 / early Spiritualized sound. The record was initially released in the UK in 2006 by Earworm Records (Spacemen 3, Bright Eyes, Apples In Stereo), followed by a release in Japan in 2007 by Starmole Records. The album received coverage from a significant amount of UK press outlets including \"Q magazine\", \"Rock Sound\", \"Time Out\", \"The Sun\", \"The Evening Standard\", \"The Times\", \"The Mail on Sunday\", and \"Metro\", along with feature interviews in Japan's major music magazines (\"Loud\", \"Rockin'On Japan\"), and reviews from key US sites (\"Pitchfork\", \"AllMusic\"). The release was praised for building on a unique combination of the sounds of the early Velvet Underground and the Flowers of Hell's Spacemen 3 mentors by adding strings and trumpets. Some reviews were critical that tracks meandered, yet all were in consensus that the record marked the arrival of a group to watch with \"The Times\" declaring it \"classical music for shoegazers\". BBC radio session recordings of the group performing songs from the album have continued to be aired on BBC 6 from 2007 through to the present.", "The Darkside The Darkside (or Darkside) were an indie rock band formed in 1989 by former members of Spacemen 3. After releasing two studio albums they split up in 1993. The band formed in Rugby in 1989 and was led by Pete Bain (aka Bassman), who had left Spacemen 3 just before their 1989 album \"Playing With Fire\". Bain was then joined in the new outfit by his former bandmate, drummer Sterling Roswell (aka Rosco). Vocals were initially handled by Nick Haydn but his departure forced Bain to assume them. The group were signed to Beggars Banquet Records offshoot Situation Two throughout their existence. Contrary to much of what is written about the band, Haydn has always claimed he was a founder member, once played with Spacemen 3 himself and wrote most of the band's early material (although credited to 'The Darkside' on record labels), and also played guitar as well as being the lead vocalist. Hayden left the band shortly before he was due to go on stage at a gig in Oxford. Hayden then formed the Oxford band Flite 118 whose set list included much of the early The Darkside songs such as \"Highrise Love\", \"Ocean of Fire\" and \"Can't Think Straight\". The group debuted in April 1990 with the single \"Highrise Love\", which was followed by \"Waiting for the Angels\" and the album, \"All That Noise\". With Rosco moving to keyboards, the group recruited Craig Wagstaff, whom they had known while in Spacemen 3. The band's next release was the mail-order only \"Psychedelicise Suburbia\" live album in 1991. A double-EP in November 1991 preceded second studio album \"Melomania\", which was released in January 1992."], "answer": {"text": "the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton,", "answer_start": 1197}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the Northampton demos?", "answer": {"text": "a new demo tape.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their style?", "answer": {"text": "intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many members were on the demo album?", "answer": {"text": "4", "answer_start": 726, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5f83ac1799c41b5b0dce03e8fe8056f_1_q#4", "question": "Did they gain any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Spacemen 3 win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Will Carruthers Will Carruthers (born 9 November 1967, in Chesterfield, England) is a musician, best known for playing bass in the influential alternative rock bands Spacemen 3 and Spiritualized. Carruthers moved to Rugby in 1977, and joined St Mark's Junior school. After leaving Lawrence Sheriff School at the age of 16, he went to work in a sheet metal factory in Birmingham, and it was then he began to teach himself to play bass. He then moved back to Rugby, and became involved in the local music scene, joining the local band, The Cogs of Tyme. Carruthers plays a 1976 Gibson Thunderbird electric bass guitar. Carruthers joined Spacemen 3, replacing bassist Pete Bain, in 1988. One of his first gigs was the performance that would represent the live \"Dreamweapon\" album. He performed on Spacemen 3 third studio album, \"Playing with Fire\" released in 1989. Spacemen 3 toured extensively in Europe in 1989. Carruthers contributed to Peter Kember's solo side project, album \"Spectrum\". He also played on Spacemen 3's fourth and final studio album, \"Recurring\". At a time when internal conflict was rife in the band, Carruthers left the Spacemen 3 in 1990 before the album was completed. He went to work on a building site as a labourer to pay off the debts he had incurred during his time in the band. Following the demise of Spacemen 3, Carruthers was approached by Jason Pierce to join a new band that he was forming with all of the musicians from Spacemen 3 except Peter Kember. Carruthers was eventually persuaded to join, and the band recorded a single \" Anyway That You Want Me\", a cover of a song originally recorded by The Troggs.", "The Darkside The Darkside (or Darkside) were an indie rock band formed in 1989 by former members of Spacemen 3. After releasing two studio albums they split up in 1993. The band formed in Rugby in 1989 and was led by Pete Bain (aka Bassman), who had left Spacemen 3 just before their 1989 album \"Playing With Fire\". Bain was then joined in the new outfit by his former bandmate, drummer Sterling Roswell (aka Rosco). Vocals were initially handled by Nick Haydn but his departure forced Bain to assume them. The group were signed to Beggars Banquet Records offshoot Situation Two throughout their existence. Contrary to much of what is written about the band, Haydn has always claimed he was a founder member, once played with Spacemen 3 himself and wrote most of the band's early material (although credited to 'The Darkside' on record labels), and also played guitar as well as being the lead vocalist. Hayden left the band shortly before he was due to go on stage at a gig in Oxford. Hayden then formed the Oxford band Flite 118 whose set list included much of the early The Darkside songs such as \"Highrise Love\", \"Ocean of Fire\" and \"Can't Think Straight\". The group debuted in April 1990 with the single \"Highrise Love\", which was followed by \"Waiting for the Angels\" and the album, \"All That Noise\". With Rosco moving to keyboards, the group recruited Craig Wagstaff, whom they had known while in Spacemen 3. The band's next release was the mail-order only \"Psychedelicise Suburbia\" live album in 1991. A double-EP in November 1991 preceded second studio album \"Melomania\", which was released in January 1992.", "Spiritualized Spiritualized are an English space rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. After several line up-changes, in 1999, the band centered on Pierce (vocals, guitar), John Coxon (guitars, keyboards), Doggen Foster (guitar), Kevin Bales (drums and percussion) and Tom Edwards (percussion and keyboards) with revolving bassists, current player Thomas Wayne has being playing with the band since 2009. Spiritualized have released eight studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's \"Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space\", which \"NME\" magazine named as their Album of the Year, beating other critically acclaimed albums such as Radiohead's \"OK Computer\" and The Verve's \"Urban Hymns\". Following a breakdown in relations between Spacemen 3 co-frontmen Peter Kember and Jason Pierce, the group's bassist Will Carruthers, drummer Jonny Mattock, and guitarist Mark Refoy were asked by Pierce to form a new group alongside local friend Steve Evans, subsequently calling themselves Spiritualized. The band took their name from an adaptation of the text on the back label of a bottle of Pernod. Due to formation from a majority of Spacemen 3 members, a technical clause meant that Spiritualized had to maintain the Spacemen 3 recording contract with Dedicated Records. The first Spiritualized release, in 1990, was a cover of The Troggs' \" Anyway That You Want Me\"; the record heralded the official split of Spacemen 3 following contractual wrangles over the band's name and its use in Spiritualized-related promotional material (initial copies of \"Anyway That You Want Me\" came with a Spacemen 3 logo on the sleeve).", "Peter Kember Peter Kember (born 19 November 1965), also known by his stage name Sonic Boom, is an English singer and record producer. He was a founding member, bassist, vocalist and guitarist of alternative rock band Spacemen 3, lasting from 1982 until the band's dissolution in 1991. He provided the production on MGMT's sophomore album \"Congratulations,\" Panda Bear's albums \"Tomboy\" and \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", and Beach House's seventh album, eponymously titled \"7.\" As a solo artist, Kember has recorded as Spectrum and E.A.R. (Experimental Audio Research), parallel musical projects with recordings under both names occasionally only featuring Kember. He has occasionally performed live under both monikers, most recently in 2008\u201311 as Spectrum, touring as a band in America and Europe. Kember has played and collaborated with a number of artists, including Stereolab and Yo La Tengo. Kember's first solo album, \"Spectrum\", was recorded in 1989 while Spacemen 3 were still a going concern, and featured the other members of the group. Kember recruited new musicians Richard Formby, who had previously contributed guitar and keyboards to Sonic Boom's side of the final Spacemen 3 album 'Recurring', and Mike Stout for the group Spectrum in 1991. Initial Spectrum releases carried on from the sound of late-period Spacemen 3, featuring conventional songs and a regular band. First single \" How You Satisfy Me\" was an original composition by Kember and Formby reminiscent of 1960s garage bands, based as it was upon the Chip Taylor-penned pop hit \"Can't Let Go\". \"", "The Flowers of Hell (album) The Flowers Of Hell is the 2006 instrumental self-titled debut album from the experimental rock group The Flowers of Hell. It was largely recorded by Tim Holmes of Death In Vegas at the Contino Rooms in London. Peter \u2018Sonic Boom\u2019 Kember of Spacemen 3 mentored the band through its creation, mixed and performed on the track 'Through The F Hole', contributed a liner note poem to the Japanese CD version, and guest deejayed at the record's London release concert. Band leader Greg Jarvis has stated that the goal of the album was to build classical tangents from The Velvet Underground & Nico and the Spacemen 3 / early Spiritualized sound. The record was initially released in the UK in 2006 by Earworm Records (Spacemen 3, Bright Eyes, Apples In Stereo), followed by a release in Japan in 2007 by Starmole Records. The album received coverage from a significant amount of UK press outlets including \"Q magazine\", \"Rock Sound\", \"Time Out\", \"The Sun\", \"The Evening Standard\", \"The Times\", \"The Mail on Sunday\", and \"Metro\", along with feature interviews in Japan's major music magazines (\"Loud\", \"Rockin'On Japan\"), and reviews from key US sites (\"Pitchfork\", \"AllMusic\"). The release was praised for building on a unique combination of the sounds of the early Velvet Underground and the Flowers of Hell's Spacemen 3 mentors by adding strings and trumpets. Some reviews were critical that tracks meandered, yet all were in consensus that the record marked the arrival of a group to watch with \"The Times\" declaring it \"classical music for shoegazers\". BBC radio session recordings of the group performing songs from the album have continued to be aired on BBC 6 from 2007 through to the present."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the Northampton demos?", "answer": {"text": "a new demo tape.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their style?", "answer": {"text": "intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many members were on the demo album?", "answer": {"text": "4", "answer_start": 726, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they record the album?", "answer": {"text": "the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton,", "answer_start": 1197, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5f83ac1799c41b5b0dce03e8fe8056f_1_q#5", "question": "What were the singles on the demo?", "rewrite": "What were the singles on Spacemen 3's 'Northampton Demos'?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["EAR (band) Experimental Audio Research (commonly shortened to E.A.R. or EAR) is a loose collective of experimental musicians formed around Peter Kember (a.k.a. Sonic Boom), formerly of Spacemen 3. While Spacemen 3 were a relatively traditional rock and roll band with strong experimental leanings, E.A.R. is essentially a free improvisation project, creating instrumental music characterized by lengthy, droning textures and slowly evolving structures. The line-up often included Sonic Boom (Spectrum, Spacemen 3), Kevin Martin (God), Kevin Shields (My Bloody Valentine), and Eddie Pr\u00e9vost (AMM). Other collaborators have included Lawrence Chandler of Bowery Electric, Nick Kramer, Delia Derbyshire and Thomas K\u00f6ner, plus various members of Spectrum, though it is generally considered a Kember solo project. The collective is one of Kember's several post-Spacemen 3 projects, which also include Spectrum, as well albums released under the Sonic Boom moniker.", "Will Carruthers Will Carruthers (born 9 November 1967, in Chesterfield, England) is a musician, best known for playing bass in the influential alternative rock bands Spacemen 3 and Spiritualized. Carruthers moved to Rugby in 1977, and joined St Mark's Junior school. After leaving Lawrence Sheriff School at the age of 16, he went to work in a sheet metal factory in Birmingham, and it was then he began to teach himself to play bass. He then moved back to Rugby, and became involved in the local music scene, joining the local band, The Cogs of Tyme. Carruthers plays a 1976 Gibson Thunderbird electric bass guitar. Carruthers joined Spacemen 3, replacing bassist Pete Bain, in 1988. One of his first gigs was the performance that would represent the live \"Dreamweapon\" album. He performed on Spacemen 3 third studio album, \"Playing with Fire\" released in 1989. Spacemen 3 toured extensively in Europe in 1989. Carruthers contributed to Peter Kember's solo side project, album \"Spectrum\". He also played on Spacemen 3's fourth and final studio album, \"Recurring\". At a time when internal conflict was rife in the band, Carruthers left the Spacemen 3 in 1990 before the album was completed. He went to work on a building site as a labourer to pay off the debts he had incurred during his time in the band. Following the demise of Spacemen 3, Carruthers was approached by Jason Pierce to join a new band that he was forming with all of the musicians from Spacemen 3 except Peter Kember. Carruthers was eventually persuaded to join, and the band recorded a single \" Anyway That You Want Me\", a cover of a song originally recorded by The Troggs.", "Spiritualized Spiritualized are an English space rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. After several line up-changes, in 1999, the band centered on Pierce (vocals, guitar), John Coxon (guitars, keyboards), Doggen Foster (guitar), Kevin Bales (drums and percussion) and Tom Edwards (percussion and keyboards) with revolving bassists, current player Thomas Wayne has being playing with the band since 2009. Spiritualized have released eight studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's \"Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space\", which \"NME\" magazine named as their Album of the Year, beating other critically acclaimed albums such as Radiohead's \"OK Computer\" and The Verve's \"Urban Hymns\". Following a breakdown in relations between Spacemen 3 co-frontmen Peter Kember and Jason Pierce, the group's bassist Will Carruthers, drummer Jonny Mattock, and guitarist Mark Refoy were asked by Pierce to form a new group alongside local friend Steve Evans, subsequently calling themselves Spiritualized. The band took their name from an adaptation of the text on the back label of a bottle of Pernod. Due to formation from a majority of Spacemen 3 members, a technical clause meant that Spiritualized had to maintain the Spacemen 3 recording contract with Dedicated Records. The first Spiritualized release, in 1990, was a cover of The Troggs' \" Anyway That You Want Me\"; the record heralded the official split of Spacemen 3 following contractual wrangles over the band's name and its use in Spiritualized-related promotional material (initial copies of \"Anyway That You Want Me\" came with a Spacemen 3 logo on the sleeve).", "The Darkside The Darkside (or Darkside) were an indie rock band formed in 1989 by former members of Spacemen 3. After releasing two studio albums they split up in 1993. The band formed in Rugby in 1989 and was led by Pete Bain (aka Bassman), who had left Spacemen 3 just before their 1989 album \"Playing With Fire\". Bain was then joined in the new outfit by his former bandmate, drummer Sterling Roswell (aka Rosco). Vocals were initially handled by Nick Haydn but his departure forced Bain to assume them. The group were signed to Beggars Banquet Records offshoot Situation Two throughout their existence. Contrary to much of what is written about the band, Haydn has always claimed he was a founder member, once played with Spacemen 3 himself and wrote most of the band's early material (although credited to 'The Darkside' on record labels), and also played guitar as well as being the lead vocalist. Hayden left the band shortly before he was due to go on stage at a gig in Oxford. Hayden then formed the Oxford band Flite 118 whose set list included much of the early The Darkside songs such as \"Highrise Love\", \"Ocean of Fire\" and \"Can't Think Straight\". The group debuted in April 1990 with the single \"Highrise Love\", which was followed by \"Waiting for the Angels\" and the album, \"All That Noise\". With Rosco moving to keyboards, the group recruited Craig Wagstaff, whom they had known while in Spacemen 3. The band's next release was the mail-order only \"Psychedelicise Suburbia\" live album in 1991. A double-EP in November 1991 preceded second studio album \"Melomania\", which was released in January 1992.", "In November 1985, Spacemen 3 played a gig at a leisure centre in Coventry to an audience of fewer than ten people. Nevertheless, encouraged by the support of Pat Fish, they determined that they ought to record a new demo tape. By this time they had reconfigured and honed their musical style, and their repertoire consisted of newer songs and re-worked older ones. \"The band's sound had crystallised into the intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia which characterised their early [record] output, and which would serve as a template for their live act throughout their existence\" (Ian Edmond, Record Collector). At Pierce's instigation, Pete Bain rejoined the band on bass in order to fill out their sound. Despite being a 4-piece again, they would retain the name 'Spacemen 3'. Kember and Pierce opted to upgrade their guitar equipment ahead of recording the new demos. Kember purchased a Burns Jazz electric guitar and 1960s Vox Conqueror amplifier; whilst Pierce bought a Fender Telecaster and a 1970s HH amplifier. Both of their new amplifiers included distortion/fuzz and tremolo; these two effects were key components of Spacemen 3's signature sound. In January 1986, Spacemen 3 attended the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton, to record their new demo tape. They spent three-and-a-half days at the 16-track studio. Recording live as a group, with minimal overdubs, they managed to get demos for approximately seven songs. Kember and Pierce handled the production. These \"fine set of performances\" (Ned Raggett, AllMusic) would later be unofficially released as the vinyl album Taking Drugs to Make Music to Take Drugs To on the Father Yod label in 1990 (albeit described incorrectly as \"rehearsals in Rugby\")."], "answer": {"text": "approximately seven songs.", "answer_start": 1434}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What are the Northampton demos?", "answer": {"text": "a new demo tape.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their style?", "answer": {"text": "intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many members were on the demo album?", "answer": {"text": "4", "answer_start": 726, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they record the album?", "answer": {"text": "the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton,", "answer_start": 1197, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a5f83ac1799c41b5b0dce03e8fe8056f_1_q#6", "question": "Did they get a record deal from the demo?", "rewrite": "Did Spacemen 3 get a record deal from the demo 'Northampton Demos'?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In November 1985, Spacemen 3 played a gig at a leisure centre in Coventry to an audience of fewer than ten people. Nevertheless, encouraged by the support of Pat Fish, they determined that they ought to record a new demo tape. By this time they had reconfigured and honed their musical style, and their repertoire consisted of newer songs and re-worked older ones. \"The band's sound had crystallised into the intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia which characterised their early [record] output, and which would serve as a template for their live act throughout their existence\" (Ian Edmond, Record Collector). At Pierce's instigation, Pete Bain rejoined the band on bass in order to fill out their sound. Despite being a 4-piece again, they would retain the name 'Spacemen 3'. Kember and Pierce opted to upgrade their guitar equipment ahead of recording the new demos. Kember purchased a Burns Jazz electric guitar and 1960s Vox Conqueror amplifier; whilst Pierce bought a Fender Telecaster and a 1970s HH amplifier. Both of their new amplifiers included distortion/fuzz and tremolo; these two effects were key components of Spacemen 3's signature sound. In January 1986, Spacemen 3 attended the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton, to record their new demo tape. They spent three-and-a-half days at the 16-track studio. Recording live as a group, with minimal overdubs, they managed to get demos for approximately seven songs. Kember and Pierce handled the production. These \"fine set of performances\" (Ned Raggett, AllMusic) would later be unofficially released as the vinyl album Taking Drugs to Make Music to Take Drugs To on the Father Yod label in 1990 (albeit described incorrectly as \"rehearsals in Rugby\").", "Will Carruthers Will Carruthers (born 9 November 1967, in Chesterfield, England) is a musician, best known for playing bass in the influential alternative rock bands Spacemen 3 and Spiritualized. Carruthers moved to Rugby in 1977, and joined St Mark's Junior school. After leaving Lawrence Sheriff School at the age of 16, he went to work in a sheet metal factory in Birmingham, and it was then he began to teach himself to play bass. He then moved back to Rugby, and became involved in the local music scene, joining the local band, The Cogs of Tyme. Carruthers plays a 1976 Gibson Thunderbird electric bass guitar. Carruthers joined Spacemen 3, replacing bassist Pete Bain, in 1988. One of his first gigs was the performance that would represent the live \"Dreamweapon\" album. He performed on Spacemen 3 third studio album, \"Playing with Fire\" released in 1989. Spacemen 3 toured extensively in Europe in 1989. Carruthers contributed to Peter Kember's solo side project, album \"Spectrum\". He also played on Spacemen 3's fourth and final studio album, \"Recurring\". At a time when internal conflict was rife in the band, Carruthers left the Spacemen 3 in 1990 before the album was completed. He went to work on a building site as a labourer to pay off the debts he had incurred during his time in the band. Following the demise of Spacemen 3, Carruthers was approached by Jason Pierce to join a new band that he was forming with all of the musicians from Spacemen 3 except Peter Kember. Carruthers was eventually persuaded to join, and the band recorded a single \" Anyway That You Want Me\", a cover of a song originally recorded by The Troggs.", "The Darkside The Darkside (or Darkside) were an indie rock band formed in 1989 by former members of Spacemen 3. After releasing two studio albums they split up in 1993. The band formed in Rugby in 1989 and was led by Pete Bain (aka Bassman), who had left Spacemen 3 just before their 1989 album \"Playing With Fire\". Bain was then joined in the new outfit by his former bandmate, drummer Sterling Roswell (aka Rosco). Vocals were initially handled by Nick Haydn but his departure forced Bain to assume them. The group were signed to Beggars Banquet Records offshoot Situation Two throughout their existence. Contrary to much of what is written about the band, Haydn has always claimed he was a founder member, once played with Spacemen 3 himself and wrote most of the band's early material (although credited to 'The Darkside' on record labels), and also played guitar as well as being the lead vocalist. Hayden left the band shortly before he was due to go on stage at a gig in Oxford. Hayden then formed the Oxford band Flite 118 whose set list included much of the early The Darkside songs such as \"Highrise Love\", \"Ocean of Fire\" and \"Can't Think Straight\". The group debuted in April 1990 with the single \"Highrise Love\", which was followed by \"Waiting for the Angels\" and the album, \"All That Noise\". With Rosco moving to keyboards, the group recruited Craig Wagstaff, whom they had known while in Spacemen 3. The band's next release was the mail-order only \"Psychedelicise Suburbia\" live album in 1991. A double-EP in November 1991 preceded second studio album \"Melomania\", which was released in January 1992.", "The Flowers of Hell (album) The Flowers Of Hell is the 2006 instrumental self-titled debut album from the experimental rock group The Flowers of Hell. It was largely recorded by Tim Holmes of Death In Vegas at the Contino Rooms in London. Peter \u2018Sonic Boom\u2019 Kember of Spacemen 3 mentored the band through its creation, mixed and performed on the track 'Through The F Hole', contributed a liner note poem to the Japanese CD version, and guest deejayed at the record's London release concert. Band leader Greg Jarvis has stated that the goal of the album was to build classical tangents from The Velvet Underground & Nico and the Spacemen 3 / early Spiritualized sound. The record was initially released in the UK in 2006 by Earworm Records (Spacemen 3, Bright Eyes, Apples In Stereo), followed by a release in Japan in 2007 by Starmole Records. The album received coverage from a significant amount of UK press outlets including \"Q magazine\", \"Rock Sound\", \"Time Out\", \"The Sun\", \"The Evening Standard\", \"The Times\", \"The Mail on Sunday\", and \"Metro\", along with feature interviews in Japan's major music magazines (\"Loud\", \"Rockin'On Japan\"), and reviews from key US sites (\"Pitchfork\", \"AllMusic\"). The release was praised for building on a unique combination of the sounds of the early Velvet Underground and the Flowers of Hell's Spacemen 3 mentors by adding strings and trumpets. Some reviews were critical that tracks meandered, yet all were in consensus that the record marked the arrival of a group to watch with \"The Times\" declaring it \"classical music for shoegazers\". BBC radio session recordings of the group performing songs from the album have continued to be aired on BBC 6 from 2007 through to the present.", "Spiritualized Spiritualized are an English space rock band formed in 1990 in Rugby, Warwickshire by Jason Pierce (often known as J. Spaceman), formerly of Spacemen 3. After several line up-changes, in 1999, the band centered on Pierce (vocals, guitar), John Coxon (guitars, keyboards), Doggen Foster (guitar), Kevin Bales (drums and percussion) and Tom Edwards (percussion and keyboards) with revolving bassists, current player Thomas Wayne has being playing with the band since 2009. Spiritualized have released eight studio albums. The best known and most critically acclaimed of these is 1997's \"Ladies and Gentlemen We Are Floating in Space\", which \"NME\" magazine named as their Album of the Year, beating other critically acclaimed albums such as Radiohead's \"OK Computer\" and The Verve's \"Urban Hymns\". Following a breakdown in relations between Spacemen 3 co-frontmen Peter Kember and Jason Pierce, the group's bassist Will Carruthers, drummer Jonny Mattock, and guitarist Mark Refoy were asked by Pierce to form a new group alongside local friend Steve Evans, subsequently calling themselves Spiritualized. The band took their name from an adaptation of the text on the back label of a bottle of Pernod. Due to formation from a majority of Spacemen 3 members, a technical clause meant that Spiritualized had to maintain the Spacemen 3 recording contract with Dedicated Records. The first Spiritualized release, in 1990, was a cover of The Troggs' \" Anyway That You Want Me\"; the record heralded the official split of Spacemen 3 following contractual wrangles over the band's name and its use in Spiritualized-related promotional material (initial copies of \"Anyway That You Want Me\" came with a Spacemen 3 logo on the sleeve)."], "answer": {"text": "Spacemen 3 signed a three-year, two-album recording contract with Glass Records in early 1986.", "answer_start": 250}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the Northampton demos?", "answer": {"text": "a new demo tape.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their style?", "answer": {"text": "intense, hypnotic, overloaded psychedelia", "answer_start": 409, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many members were on the demo album?", "answer": {"text": "4", "answer_start": 726, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they record the album?", "answer": {"text": "the home studio of Carlo Marocco at Piddington, outside Northampton,", "answer_start": 1197, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they gain any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the singles on the demo?", "answer": {"text": "approximately seven songs.", "answer_start": 1434, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#0", "question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The leader of \"The Tonight Show Band\", Skitch Henderson, asked him to be first-chair trumpeter in 1962, and five years later Severinsen was leading the band. Under Severinsen's direction, The Tonight Show Band became a well-known big band in America. Severinsen became one of the most popular bandleaders, appearing almost every night on television. He led the band during commercials and while guests were introduced. He joked with Johnny Carson, the show's host, and developed an amusing habit of wearing gaudy clothing. The show introduced a comic \"Stump the Band\" segment in which audience members called out the titles of obscure songs to see if the band could play them. Severinsen often cried \"key of E\", his signal for the band to strike up a western theme, and then he would enthusiastically sing a country music-flavored nonsense song. Severinsen substituted for Ed McMahon on occasions when Ed was absent as Carson's announcer and sidekick. He typically assumed this role when the show featured a guest host, which became increasingly frequent during the program's later years. Tommy Newsom was usually the band's substitute director when Severinsen was away from the show or filling in for McMahon. The sidekick role was omitted from the show when Leno guest hosted (it was discontinued altogether after Leno replaced Carson on a full-time basis). While Leno guest hosted for Carson, Severinsen typically introduced the guest host and led the band while interacting with Leno in a similar manner to his interactions with Carson and McMahon. Severinsen continued as bandleader until Carson's retirement in 1992. He appeared on Jimmy Fallon's \"Tonight Show\" in February 2015 when the show traveled to Los Angeles for a week. He played for the evening with The Roots.", "Carnac the Magnificent Carnac the Magnificent was a recurring comedic role played by Johnny Carson on \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\". One of Carson's most well-known characters, Carnac was a \"mystic from the East\" who could psychically \"divine\" unknown answers to unseen questions. The character was introduced in 1964. As Carnac, Carson wore a large feathered turban and a cape. The character would emerge from behind the show's curtain accompanied by Indian music, and make his way towards the desk, where he would invariably stumble on the step in front of the desk and lose his balance. On one occasion frequently rebroadcast on anniversary shows, Carson's desk was replaced with a lightweight balsa-wood version; this allowed Carson to trip and smash through it. The character was taken from Steve Allen's essentially identical \"Answer Man\" segment, which Allen performed during his tenure as host of \"The Tonight Show\" in the 1950s. As Allen acknowledged in his book \"The Question Man\", this bit had been created in Kansas City in 1951 by Bob Arbogast and used on \"The Tom Poston Show\" in New York where it eventually ended up on \"The Steve Allen Show\", much to the surprise of both Arbogast and Allen. The Carnac character and routine also closely resemble Ernie Kovacs' \" Mr. Question Man\". As a more serious device, the concept had served as the basis for several game shows including the \"CBS Television Quiz\", \"That's the Question\" and the still-running \"Jeopardy!\", which aired on NBC for much of Carson's run on \"Tonight\". Longtime sidekick Ed McMahon ritualistically and bombastically introduced the Carnac routines.", "In 2016, Jerry Lewis broke a five-year silence by appearing in an online video endorsing MDA's redesigned web site and declaring that the work MDA started be continued. This would be the final time Lewis would make an endorsement for MDA as he died on August 20, 2017. Ed McMahon was Lewis' longtime co-host. McMahon began his involvement with the telethon in 1968 and every year since then participated in some way. Early in 1973, Lewis asked McMahon to be his co-host for the entire show \u2013 his right hand man \u2013 and so the pair united and never separated. Similar to his regular position as announcer and sidekick of \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\", McMahon was Lewis' announcer, voicing the intros and outros of each segment, welcoming corporate and charitable sponsors with their donations, and calling for a roll of a timpani drum for each million dollar mark passed on the tote board (Johnny Carson himself, a longtime friend of Lewis, surprised viewers by opening the 1970 telethon with a \"Tonight Show\"-style monologue while Lewis stood backstage \u2013 a role that Carson would repeat in 1971 and 1972, until the telethon moved to Las Vegas). McMahon, borrowing from Carson's prognosticating character \"Carnac the Magnificent\", also made predictions on what the final total of funds raised would be, and from 1970 though 1979, he was spot on many years, missing by as little as thousands of dollars, considering the final tallies. Unfortunately, the practice was abandoned after the 1982 telethon raised $2 million less than the previous year (which Lewis attributed to the severe 1980\u20131982 recession that had gripped the U.S.). The trend of taking a break during the telethon was started in 1985 by McMahon.", "The Joey Bishop Show (talk show) The Joey Bishop Show is an American talk show that had its first broadcast on ABC on April 17, 1967, hosted by Joey Bishop and featuring Regis Philbin in his first ongoing role with national television exposure, as Bishop's sidekick/announcer (similar to Ed McMahon's job with Johnny Carson). Created to challenge \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" , the show lasted 33 months, with the last show airing on December 26, 1969. Bishop was part of the legendary 1960s entertainment phenomenon \"the Rat Pack\", and other members Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr. and Peter Lawford occasionally appeared on his show, sometimes as unbilled surprises, though Frank Sinatra never did. Famously, sidekick/announcer Regis Philbin walked off the program as a result of the continuous drubbing he had been receiving from critics, stating that the network never wanted him and he feared that he was injuring the series, but he soon returned. This proved to be one of the few installments of the series to top \"The Tonight Show\" in the ratings. In 2011, Philbin revealed that Bishop had conceived the walk-off as a stunt. The show was created to challenge \" The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\", which Bishop frequently guest hosted in its early seasons. Unable to attract high ratings, the show was cancelled after two seasons. The program was shown five nights a week, Monday through Friday, with Carson as competition on NBC and Merv Griffin also hosting a talk show on CBS, all in the same time slot, from 11:30 pm to 1:00 am. Jack Paar appeared on one of the early broadcasts as a kind of co-host as a favor to Bishop. The show ended on December 26, 1969 with Bishop leaving after his monologue, declaring that this was the last show. Philbin was left to finish the final episode.", "Carson's Comedy Classics Carson's Comedy Classics was a stripped half-hour syndicated television show that was first released to U.S. television stations in 1983. The program was made from segments and sketches taken from the first 20 years of \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" (1962-1982). Johnny Carson's full tenure on the program, which originally aired on the NBC Television Network, was from 1962 to 1992. The series is narrated by Ed McMahon, who, as a voiceover, introduces the program and each of the segments. The series was one of the results of Carson coming to terms with NBC on a contract extension in 1981. In exchange for his continued services, Carson received ownership of the show, including the rights to the entire extant archive of his hosting span. \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" was one of the most immediate ways Carson cashed in on his product; he and his staff created a clip show consisting of highlights from the 20 years of \"The Tonight Show\" Carson had hosted up to that point and sold the rights to Columbia Pictures Television for $26 million. When Carson would have his annual \"Tonight Show Anniversary Show\" in prime time on NBC, the anniversary shows were mainly flashback clip shows, and it was usually the same vintage sketches which got the showcase on the shows (examples being Ed Ames' classic miffed tomahawk throw from 1965, Carson and Jack Webb doing a sketch about \"Copper Clappers\" from 1968, and John Twomey playing \"Stars and Stripes Forever\" with his hands from 1974; later anniversary shows would feature stand-up comedians, new sketches and clips from the previous year of \"Tonight Show\"s). The popularity of the anniversary shows helped lead to the creation of \"Carson's Comedy Classics\", which is essentially a classic clip show edited down to a half an hour."], "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#1", "question": "Why did it fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "rewrite": "Why did hosting the first fifteen minutes of The Tonight Show fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On July 1, 2010, \"Variety\" reported that only six months into its second life, Leno's \"Tonight Show\" posted its lowest ratings since 1992. By September 2010, Leno's ratings in the adults 18-49 demographic had fallen below those of O'Brien when he had hosted \"The Tonight Show\". NBC ratings specialist Tom Bierbaum commented that due to the host being out of late night television for a period of time and the subsequent 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict, Leno's ratings fall was \"not a surprise at all\". In October 2010, David Letterman beat Leno's program in the ratings, for the first time since Leno returned to hosting \"The Tonight Show\". By May 2011, Leno's \"Tonight Show\" regained the lead and has held it since then. However, by August 2012, \"The Los Angeles Times\" was reporting that \"The Tonight Show\" was in serious trouble for a number of reasons, most notably that NBC has been losing money. While Leno offered to take a pay cut, at least 24 members of his staff were laid off. By March 2013, there were rumors that NBC would have Jimmy Fallon, who has been hosting \"Late Night\" since 2009 when he succeeded O'Brien, become the next host of \"The Tonight Show\" when Leno's current contract ends in 2014 and NBC would move the show back to New York for the first time in over 40 years. On May 13, 2013, during its fall \"upfronts\" presentation, NBC confirmed Fallon would take over as host of the \"Tonight Show\" beginning on February 17, 2014; Seth Meyers, in turn, would leave \"Saturday Night Live\" (where he was the anchor of \"Weekend Update\") and take over Fallon's time slot.", "On April 26, 1999, the show started broadcasting in 1080i HDTV, becoming the first American nightly talk show to be shot in that format. On March 19, 2009, \"The Tonight Show\" became the first late-night talk show in history to have the sitting President of the United States as a guest, when President Barack Obama visited. Throughout the years, the time when \"The Tonight Show\" aired and the length has changed multiple times. \u00a7Note that many NBC affiliates chose not to carry the first fifteen minutes of the show during this period, instead preferring to air a local newscast from 11 p.m. to 11:30 p.m. As of February 1965, Carson refused to host the first 15 minutes of the program, preferring to wait until the full network was in place before delivering his opening monologue; Ed McMahon hosted the program's first 15 minutes instead. This persisted for nearly two years, until the show's start time was finally adjusted to 11:30 p.m. in January 1967. From 1965 to 1975, until the advent of \"Saturday Night Live\", weekend repeats of \"The Tonight Show\" were staples of the NBC schedule. These repeats ran in the following time slots: Allen Kovacs Paar Carson Leno   O'Brien Fallon Many of Fallon's sketches moved over from \"Late Night\". \"The Tonight Show\" airs on E! Australia and ABC Comedy in Australia, CTV 2 & Access in Canada, E! Europe in the UK, CNBC in Europe, Comedy Central in India, CNBC in Pakistan, Jack TV in the Philippines, OSN in the Middle East and North Africa, and CNBC in Sub-Saharan Africa. \"The Tonight Show\" is also seen around the world. It is broadcast on CNBC Europe, usually three nights after it has been shown in the U.S.", "Hosting duties were taken over by Jimmy Fallon, who like O'Brien before him was seen as being able to attract a younger audience than Leno. On March 1, 2010, Jay Leno returned to \"The Tonight Show\", with Wally Wingert as his announcer. On April 12, 2010, bandleader Kevin Eubanks announced his departure after 18 years (15 years as bandleader) on May 28. He was replaced as bandleader by Rickey Minor on June 7. On July 1, 2010, \"Variety\" reported that only six months into its second life, Jay Leno's \"Tonight Show\" posted its lowest ratings since 1992. By September 2010, Leno's ratings had fallen below O'Brien's when he had hosted \"The Tonight Show\", although O'Brien's ratings had spiked during the show's final days during the media publicity onslaught, and this tally pivots upon that anomalous spike in O'Brien's ratings. NBC ratings specialist Tom Bierbaum commented that due to the host being out of late-night television for a period of time and the subsequent 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict, Leno's ratings fall was \"not a surprise at all.\" In October 2010, David Letterman beat Leno's program in the ratings, for the first time since Leno returned to hosting \"The Tonight Show. \" By May 2011, however, Leno regained the lead over Letterman and held it until leaving the show in February 2014. In August 2012, The \"Los Angeles Times\" reported that \"The Tonight Show\" was in trouble for a number of reasons, notably that NBC was losing money. The \"Times\" later elaborated, noting that advertising revenue from \"The Tonight Show\" had dropped more than 40% since 2007, from $255.9 million annually to $146.1 million.", "The pair joined The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on October 1, 1962 on NBC. He describes what happened when the pair first met, the whole meeting being \"... about as exciting as watching a traffic light change\". For almost 30 years, McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\" His booming voice and constant laughter alongside the \"King of Late Night\" earned McMahon the nickname the \"Human Laugh Track\" and \"Toymaker to the King\". As part of the introductory patter to The Tonight Show, McMahon would state his name out loud, pronouncing it as , but neither long-time cohort Carson nor anyone else who interviewed him ever seemed to pick up on that subtlety, usually pronouncing his name . Aside from his co-hosting duties, it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight, which did not air nationally. McMahon also served as guest host on at least one occasion, substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963. McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson. Nonetheless, McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time he would walk onto a stage and would use that nervousness as a source of energy. His famous opening line, \"Heeere's Johnny! \", was used in the 1980 horror film The Shining by the character Jack Torrance (played by Jack Nicholson) as he goes after his wife and child with an axe.", "Tonight Starring Steve Allen Tonight Starring Steve Allen is an American talk show hosted by Steve Allen. It was the first version of what eventually became known as \"The Tonight Show\". \"Tonight\" was the first late-night talk show, as well as the first late night television series of any time to achieve long-term success. Allen's run as host of the show lasted for two and a half seasons, beginning in fall 1954 and ending with Allen's departure in January 1957. During its run it originated from the Hudson Theatre in New York City. Originally a 40-minute local program airing from 11:20 p.m. to 12 midnight on WNBT New York as \"The Steve Allen Show\" , the program was moved to the full NBC network in the Fall of 1954. The first network episode of \"Tonight\" aired on September 27, 1954, and ran for 105 minutes instead of the 60-minute duration of modern talk shows (however, the first fifteen minutes were shown on very few stations). The announcer of the show was Gene Rayburn (who would eventually become a top-game show emcee, best known for his 22 years at the helm of the \"Match Game\") and the bandleader was Skitch Henderson. Allen's version of the show originated such talk show staples as an opening monologue, celebrity interviews, audience participation, and comedy bits in which cameras were taken outside the studio, as well as music. The success of the show led to Allen receiving a separate weekly prime time show, which aired on Sunday nights. Allen gave up the Monday and Tuesday shows, with guest hosts taking over for the summer of 1956. Beginning that fall, Ernie Kovacs (who came over from the faltering DuMont Television Network) was the regular Monday and Tuesday host for the 1956\u20131957 season with his own cast and regulars, including his own announcer"], "answer": {"text": "substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963.", "answer_start": 988}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#2", "question": "What caused McMahon to leave The Tonight Show?", "rewrite": "What caused McMahon to leave The Tonight Show?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That same week, after Randy Orton turned on Wyatt and cashed in his Royal Rumble winning opportunity, McMahon would go on to book a number one contender's match and the now even more infuriated Styles lost to Orton on the March 7 episode of \"SmackDown\". After losing the match, Styles would confront McMahon in the Gorilla position with things getting physical between the pair. The following week, Styles attacked McMahon inside the parking lot, which caused McMahon to be busted open and suffer a storyline concussion. Due to this, Styles was (kayfabe) \"fired\" from SmackDown. However as McMahon was about to leave, he went back to the arena and announced that he will face Styles at WrestleMania 33. On April 2, at WrestleMania 33, McMahon lost to AJ Styles in a singles match. On April 4, the first episode of \"SmackDown\" after WrestleMania, McMahon and Styles shook hands. On the August 1 episode of \"SmackDown\", McMahon had a serious argument with Kevin Owens due to losing to AJ Styles for the United States Championship. Owens demanded a competent referee, so Daniel Bryan chose McMahon to become the special guest referee. The following week on \"SmackDown\", McMahon was accidentally attacked by Styles during a brawl between Styles and Owens. Following the incident, on the August 15 episode of \"SmackDown\", McMahon warned Styles that if he puts his hands on him, he will put his hands on Styles. The warning later came to Owens after he accidentally attacked McMahon. At SummerSlam, McMahon was about to count the pin and declare Owens the winner, however after seeing Styles' foot on the bottom rope, McMahon continued the match. A frustrated Owens pushed McMahon, causing Shane to push him back. This caused a distraction for Styles to win back the United States Championship. On the August 22 episode of \"SmackDown\", McMahon allowed a rematch between Styles and Owens. During the match.", "As he reached the top Austin met up with him and smashed his head against the cage, McMahon then bounced back and fell off the cage through the announce table. A gurney was brought out for McMahon who was unconscious by this point; Howard Finkel eventually announced that Austin was the winner via forfeit but Austin grabbed the microphone to stop the announcement, demanding that the match did not officially start, and should commence seeing as McMahon was at least still breathing. Austin then left the cage and grabbed McMahon off the gurney, hitting him with it and then putting him inside the cage, officially starting the match. Austin furiously hit and kicked McMahon. As Austin was going to exit the cage by the door, then looked back to see McMahon giving him the finger. Austin then went back into the cage, stomping McMahon in the corner but McMahon lowblowed Austin and threw him into the cage before trying to escape. Austin caught McMahon's leg and caused McMahon's stomach to fall on the top of the cage and was then pulled back into the ring, allowing Austin to repeatedly throw him into the cage walls causing McMahon to bleed. Austin then climbed out of the ring and was almost on the floor outside but again McMahon gave him the finger, this time with both hands, and Austin climbed back in. After delivering a Stone Cold Stunner to him, Austin began to further taunt McMahon. Paul Wight, making his WWE debut, then entered the ring by tearing a hole in the canvas and climbing through it. He proceeded to throw Austin into the cage several times. After checking on McMahon, he was given the instruction to throw Austin into the cage again. This time, Wight threw Austin into the cage with such force that the entire panel swung open and Austin was able to drop to the floor and gain the victory to earn a WWF Championship shot at WrestleMania XV.", "\"Carson's Comedy Classics\" showed that there were many other classic sketches and segments that had rarely if ever been seen between the original airing and 1982-1983 (when the show was put into production). Many of the sketches and segments in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" have never been released on DVD either. Each segment was carefully edited to avoid any reference to \"The Tonight Show\" or \"NBC\". Recurring segments were classic \"Carnac the Magnificent\", \"Aunt Blabby\", \"Floyd R. Turbo\", \"Stump The Band\", \"Tea Time Movie\" and other sketches as well as vintage and memorable bits with animal trainers Jim Fowler and Joan Embery and the animals they brought on \"The Tonight Show\". There are also moments where there are segments where Carson would do an activity, like learning karate (he broke a plywood board with his head on one episode), gymnastics, or volleyball, and even trying to start a campfire in a race to do so spearheaded by some Boy Scouts. Many clips also showcase celebrities with Carson, usually in sketches; George C. Scott, Juliet Prowse, Bob Hope and Don Rickles among others. The Tonight Show stock regulars who were unknowns but may have had a few lines here and there in certain sketches were referred to as \"The Carson Comedy Players\" in the opening credits of \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" (longtime Tonight Show stalwart Carol Wayne also appears in many \"Tea Time Movie\" sketches). And of course, Ed McMahon, who was Carson's sidekick and announcer, and stayed with Johnny for Carson's entire \"Tonight Show\" run (1962-1992), is prominently featured in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\". McMahon also narrates the opening credits on the program as well.", "However, McMahon's plans did not include Hart; McMahon therefore encouraged Hart to reopen negotiations with WCW. While Hart considered an offer from then-WCW President Eric Bischoff, McMahon informed Hart that the WWF would honor his contract if he chose to stay. However, when Hart talked to McMahon about future plans and storylines, he was disappointed by McMahon's response and what he considered lackluster suggestions. At the time, Hart felt as though his career had been sabotaged by changes to his character, which had been retooled as an anti-America Canadian nationalist; as a result, he drew significant ire from American audiences, but remained a hero in his native Canada. As a result, he was neither a hero nor a villain, and as such could not be properly placed into feuds with other wrestlers with more concrete personas. Hart had also been unhappy about McMahon's move towards more controversial subject matter, which would become a staple of the company's product during the Attitude Era. Convinced that McMahon's future plans did not include him, Hart resigned from the WWF and signed an agreement with WCW, which had just offered him a large $3 million per annum contract on November 1, 1997. Hart's signing the WCW deal caused McMahon to worry about the possibility of Hart entering WCW while still WWF World Heavyweight Champion. Hart asked McMahon if he would be mocked after leaving for WCW, as had occurred with other wrestlers who had transferred to WCW from the WWF (for example, Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage in the \"Billionaire Ted\" sketches of early 1996, and Scott Hall and Kevin Nash after they joined WCW later in 1996). McMahon assured him that nothing of the sort would happen.", "Most shows in this genre have an in-house band that plays musical interludes. Popular late night band leaders include Paul Shaffer, leader of The World's Most Dangerous Band/The CBS Orchestra on \"Late Night\" and the \"Late Show with David Letterman\"; Max Weinberg, leader of The Max Weinberg 7 on \"Late Night\" and The Tonight Show Band on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\"; Cleto and the Cletones on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" ; Kevin Eubanks, leader of The Tonight Show Band and the Primetime Band and The Roots, famous eclectic hip-hop band turned host-band of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" (and later \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"). Usually the band leader is a major part of the show, and the band leader and host often exchange playful banter during the monologue and comedy segments; the band leader has thus taken over the part of being the host's sidekick, which in the past was played by an announcer or designated co-host (such as Ed McMahon and Andy Richter). Of the current late night talk show band leaders who play this role, Paul Shaffer is well known for being a straight man to David Letterman. However, on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", Max Weinberg rarely spoke during the show, and his interactions with O'Brien were often short and awkward \u2013 a recurring gag on the show (Richter, now the announcer, was O'Brien's primary sidekick on \"The Tonight Show\" and has carried on in that role on \"Conan\", whereas new band leader Jimmy Vivino has barely any interaction with O'Brien), and Kevin Eubanks was often the butt of Leno's jokes, particularly regarding drug-related stories."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "answer": {"text": "substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#3", "question": "What was McMahons official role?", "rewrite": "What was McMahons official role on The Tonight Show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon is an American late-night talk show hosted by Jimmy Fallon, on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and is produced by Broadway Video and Universal Television. It is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots. \" The Tonight Show\" is produced by Katie Hockmeyer and executive-produced by Lorne Michaels. The show records from Studio 6B in Rockefeller Center, New York City. This was where \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" was filmed until 1972. The program airs weeknights at 11:35 p.m. ET/PT. The show opens with Fallon's topical monologue, then transitions into comedic sketches/games, concluding with guest interviews and musical performance. \" The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" attracted high ratings from its 2014 premiere. Many moments from the show have generated viral videos. The show has been nominated for nine Primetime Emmy Awards, winning two. On August 13, 2015, NBC announced that Fallon signed a contract to remain as host until at least 2021. \"The Tonight Show\" premiered on NBC in 1954 as \"Tonight\", hosted by Steve Allen. Jack Paar hosted the show from 1957 to 1962, but the show's longest-running and most famous host was Johnny Carson, who hosted the show for three decades and received six Emmys. Following Carson's 1992 retirement, \"vast quantities of brainpower, money, and column inches were devoted to the issue of who was truly best suited to carry the franchise forward.\" NBC chose interim guest host Jay Leno, who took over the show that year.", "Kevin Eubanks and The Tonight Show Band Kevin Eubanks and the \"Tonight Show\" Band was the house band of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". It previously served as the house band of \"The Jay Leno Show\" and was the house band of the first incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" from 1995 to 2009 and then for the first few months of the second incarnation of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" in 2010. The band was active between 1995 and 2010, as Kevin Eubanks took over \"The Tonight Show\" Band for the departing Branford Marsalis in 1995. Eubanks had been a member of Marsalis's band since Leno's debut in 1992. Eubanks and the band moved, along with host Jay Leno, to \"The Jay Leno Show\" when it moved to prime time in 2009, performing under the title Kevin Eubanks and the Primetime Band. However, in February 2010, Eubanks announced that both he and the band would be leaving the show shortly after \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" returned in March, Kevin Eubanks final appearance was on May 28, 2010. Rickey Minor replaced Eubanks beginning June 7, 2010, bringing with him his own band of musicians and forming Rickey Minor and \"The Tonight Show\" Band", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon is a 3D motion-simulator attraction at Universal Studios Florida based on Jimmy Fallon's tenure at \"The Tonight Show\". It opened on April 6, 2017. The ride is in 3D. It was revealed by Fallon on social media that Industrial Light & Magic was in charge of filming motion capture footage for the attraction. In a video released by Universal Orlando, early November 2016, and a post by the theme park's official blog various cast and Fallon characters were revealed to have an appearance in the attraction, including Sara and her stepdad, Gary, seen carrying a basket with the Tonight Show Golden Retriever puppies inside, Fallon's Tight Pants character, Steve Higgins, \"Tonight Show\" house band The Roots, The Ragtime Gals and \"Tonight Show\" mascot Hashtag the Panda. The ride is also the first Universal Studios Florida attraction to feature virtual queuing. \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" is an American late-night talk show hosted by \"Saturday Night Live\" alum, Jimmy Fallon, on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and it is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots. \"The Tonight Show\" originates from Studio 6B, where Johnny Carson's \"Tonight Show\" also was taped, in Rockefeller Center, New York City. On the October 27, 2015 episode of \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", Jimmy Fallon officially announced the attraction, which opened in 2017 at Universal Studios Florida. The attraction, which is based on the popular celebrity race segment from Fallon's show, replaced \"Twister... Ride it Out\", which closed on November 2, 2015.", "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien is an American late-night talk show that featured Conan O'Brien as host from June 1, 2009, to January 22, 2010, as part of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise. O'Brien previously hosted NBC's \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", which followed \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" for 16 years, until his brief succession over Leno. Many members of the \"Late Night\" cast and crew made the transition to \"The Tonight Show\". The Max Weinberg 7, the house band from O'Brien's \"Late Night\", served as the house band under the new name, Max Weinberg and The Tonight Show Band. Andy Richter returned to the show as announcer, and also began resuming his role as sidekick, shortly before the show's conclusion. The opening and closing theme song from \"Late Night\" was also carried over to \"Tonight\", in a slightly altered form. In January 2010, after the show had been on the air for seven months, it was announced that NBC was intending to move Jay Leno from primetime back to his original timeslot at 11:35 pm, with O'Brien's show starting shortly after midnight. In response to the announcement, O'Brien released a press statement saying that he would not continue as host of \"The Tonight Show\" if it was moved to any time after midnight to accommodate \"The Jay Leno Show\". He feared it would ruin the long and rich tradition of \"The Tonight Show\", which had been on after the late local newscasts from the beginning.", "On July 1, 2010, \"Variety\" reported that only six months into its second life, Leno's \"Tonight Show\" posted its lowest ratings since 1992. By September 2010, Leno's ratings in the adults 18-49 demographic had fallen below those of O'Brien when he had hosted \"The Tonight Show\". NBC ratings specialist Tom Bierbaum commented that due to the host being out of late night television for a period of time and the subsequent 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict, Leno's ratings fall was \"not a surprise at all\". In October 2010, David Letterman beat Leno's program in the ratings, for the first time since Leno returned to hosting \"The Tonight Show\". By May 2011, Leno's \"Tonight Show\" regained the lead and has held it since then. However, by August 2012, \"The Los Angeles Times\" was reporting that \"The Tonight Show\" was in serious trouble for a number of reasons, most notably that NBC has been losing money. While Leno offered to take a pay cut, at least 24 members of his staff were laid off. By March 2013, there were rumors that NBC would have Jimmy Fallon, who has been hosting \"Late Night\" since 2009 when he succeeded O'Brien, become the next host of \"The Tonight Show\" when Leno's current contract ends in 2014 and NBC would move the show back to New York for the first time in over 40 years. On May 13, 2013, during its fall \"upfronts\" presentation, NBC confirmed Fallon would take over as host of the \"Tonight Show\" beginning on February 17, 2014; Seth Meyers, in turn, would leave \"Saturday Night Live\" (where he was the anchor of \"Weekend Update\") and take over Fallon's time slot."], "answer": {"text": "McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\"", "answer_start": 240}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "answer": {"text": "substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused McMahon to leave The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#4", "question": "Did McMahon release any statements about his time on The Tonight Show?", "rewrite": "Did McMahon release any statements about his time on The Tonight Show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Most shows in this genre have an in-house band that plays musical interludes. Popular late night band leaders include Paul Shaffer, leader of The World's Most Dangerous Band/The CBS Orchestra on \"Late Night\" and the \"Late Show with David Letterman\"; Max Weinberg, leader of The Max Weinberg 7 on \"Late Night\" and The Tonight Show Band on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\"; Cleto and the Cletones on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" ; Kevin Eubanks, leader of The Tonight Show Band and the Primetime Band and The Roots, famous eclectic hip-hop band turned host-band of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" (and later \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"). Usually the band leader is a major part of the show, and the band leader and host often exchange playful banter during the monologue and comedy segments; the band leader has thus taken over the part of being the host's sidekick, which in the past was played by an announcer or designated co-host (such as Ed McMahon and Andy Richter). Of the current late night talk show band leaders who play this role, Paul Shaffer is well known for being a straight man to David Letterman. However, on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", Max Weinberg rarely spoke during the show, and his interactions with O'Brien were often short and awkward \u2013 a recurring gag on the show (Richter, now the announcer, was O'Brien's primary sidekick on \"The Tonight Show\" and has carried on in that role on \"Conan\", whereas new band leader Jimmy Vivino has barely any interaction with O'Brien), and Kevin Eubanks was often the butt of Leno's jokes, particularly regarding drug-related stories.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon is a 3D motion-simulator attraction at Universal Studios Florida based on Jimmy Fallon's tenure at \"The Tonight Show\". It opened on April 6, 2017. The ride is in 3D. It was revealed by Fallon on social media that Industrial Light & Magic was in charge of filming motion capture footage for the attraction. In a video released by Universal Orlando, early November 2016, and a post by the theme park's official blog various cast and Fallon characters were revealed to have an appearance in the attraction, including Sara and her stepdad, Gary, seen carrying a basket with the Tonight Show Golden Retriever puppies inside, Fallon's Tight Pants character, Steve Higgins, \"Tonight Show\" house band The Roots, The Ragtime Gals and \"Tonight Show\" mascot Hashtag the Panda. The ride is also the first Universal Studios Florida attraction to feature virtual queuing. \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" is an American late-night talk show hosted by \"Saturday Night Live\" alum, Jimmy Fallon, on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and it is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots. \"The Tonight Show\" originates from Studio 6B, where Johnny Carson's \"Tonight Show\" also was taped, in Rockefeller Center, New York City. On the October 27, 2015 episode of \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", Jimmy Fallon officially announced the attraction, which opened in 2017 at Universal Studios Florida. The attraction, which is based on the popular celebrity race segment from Fallon's show, replaced \"Twister... Ride it Out\", which closed on November 2, 2015.", "The pair joined The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on October 1, 1962 on NBC. He describes what happened when the pair first met, the whole meeting being \"... about as exciting as watching a traffic light change\". For almost 30 years, McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\" His booming voice and constant laughter alongside the \"King of Late Night\" earned McMahon the nickname the \"Human Laugh Track\" and \"Toymaker to the King\". As part of the introductory patter to The Tonight Show, McMahon would state his name out loud, pronouncing it as , but neither long-time cohort Carson nor anyone else who interviewed him ever seemed to pick up on that subtlety, usually pronouncing his name . Aside from his co-hosting duties, it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight, which did not air nationally. McMahon also served as guest host on at least one occasion, substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963. McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson. Nonetheless, McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time he would walk onto a stage and would use that nervousness as a source of energy. His famous opening line, \"Heeere's Johnny! \", was used in the 1980 horror film The Shining by the character Jack Torrance (played by Jack Nicholson) as he goes after his wife and child with an axe.", "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien is an American late-night talk show that featured Conan O'Brien as host from June 1, 2009, to January 22, 2010, as part of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise. O'Brien previously hosted NBC's \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", which followed \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" for 16 years, until his brief succession over Leno. Many members of the \"Late Night\" cast and crew made the transition to \"The Tonight Show\". The Max Weinberg 7, the house band from O'Brien's \"Late Night\", served as the house band under the new name, Max Weinberg and The Tonight Show Band. Andy Richter returned to the show as announcer, and also began resuming his role as sidekick, shortly before the show's conclusion. The opening and closing theme song from \"Late Night\" was also carried over to \"Tonight\", in a slightly altered form. In January 2010, after the show had been on the air for seven months, it was announced that NBC was intending to move Jay Leno from primetime back to his original timeslot at 11:35 pm, with O'Brien's show starting shortly after midnight. In response to the announcement, O'Brien released a press statement saying that he would not continue as host of \"The Tonight Show\" if it was moved to any time after midnight to accommodate \"The Jay Leno Show\". He feared it would ruin the long and rich tradition of \"The Tonight Show\", which had been on after the late local newscasts from the beginning.", "\"Carson's Comedy Classics\" showed that there were many other classic sketches and segments that had rarely if ever been seen between the original airing and 1982-1983 (when the show was put into production). Many of the sketches and segments in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" have never been released on DVD either. Each segment was carefully edited to avoid any reference to \"The Tonight Show\" or \"NBC\". Recurring segments were classic \"Carnac the Magnificent\", \"Aunt Blabby\", \"Floyd R. Turbo\", \"Stump The Band\", \"Tea Time Movie\" and other sketches as well as vintage and memorable bits with animal trainers Jim Fowler and Joan Embery and the animals they brought on \"The Tonight Show\". There are also moments where there are segments where Carson would do an activity, like learning karate (he broke a plywood board with his head on one episode), gymnastics, or volleyball, and even trying to start a campfire in a race to do so spearheaded by some Boy Scouts. Many clips also showcase celebrities with Carson, usually in sketches; George C. Scott, Juliet Prowse, Bob Hope and Don Rickles among others. The Tonight Show stock regulars who were unknowns but may have had a few lines here and there in certain sketches were referred to as \"The Carson Comedy Players\" in the opening credits of \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" (longtime Tonight Show stalwart Carol Wayne also appears in many \"Tea Time Movie\" sketches). And of course, Ed McMahon, who was Carson's sidekick and announcer, and stayed with Johnny for Carson's entire \"Tonight Show\" run (1962-1992), is prominently featured in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\". McMahon also narrates the opening credits on the program as well."], "answer": {"text": "McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time", "answer_start": 1199}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "answer": {"text": "substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused McMahon to leave The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was McMahons official role?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\"", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#5", "question": "Did McMahon obtain more air time while on the show?", "rewrite": "Did McMahon obtain more air time while on the Tonight Show?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\"Carson's Comedy Classics\" showed that there were many other classic sketches and segments that had rarely if ever been seen between the original airing and 1982-1983 (when the show was put into production). Many of the sketches and segments in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" have never been released on DVD either. Each segment was carefully edited to avoid any reference to \"The Tonight Show\" or \"NBC\". Recurring segments were classic \"Carnac the Magnificent\", \"Aunt Blabby\", \"Floyd R. Turbo\", \"Stump The Band\", \"Tea Time Movie\" and other sketches as well as vintage and memorable bits with animal trainers Jim Fowler and Joan Embery and the animals they brought on \"The Tonight Show\". There are also moments where there are segments where Carson would do an activity, like learning karate (he broke a plywood board with his head on one episode), gymnastics, or volleyball, and even trying to start a campfire in a race to do so spearheaded by some Boy Scouts. Many clips also showcase celebrities with Carson, usually in sketches; George C. Scott, Juliet Prowse, Bob Hope and Don Rickles among others. The Tonight Show stock regulars who were unknowns but may have had a few lines here and there in certain sketches were referred to as \"The Carson Comedy Players\" in the opening credits of \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" (longtime Tonight Show stalwart Carol Wayne also appears in many \"Tea Time Movie\" sketches). And of course, Ed McMahon, who was Carson's sidekick and announcer, and stayed with Johnny for Carson's entire \"Tonight Show\" run (1962-1992), is prominently featured in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\". McMahon also narrates the opening credits on the program as well.", "Most shows in this genre have an in-house band that plays musical interludes. Popular late night band leaders include Paul Shaffer, leader of The World's Most Dangerous Band/The CBS Orchestra on \"Late Night\" and the \"Late Show with David Letterman\"; Max Weinberg, leader of The Max Weinberg 7 on \"Late Night\" and The Tonight Show Band on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\"; Cleto and the Cletones on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" ; Kevin Eubanks, leader of The Tonight Show Band and the Primetime Band and The Roots, famous eclectic hip-hop band turned host-band of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" (and later \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"). Usually the band leader is a major part of the show, and the band leader and host often exchange playful banter during the monologue and comedy segments; the band leader has thus taken over the part of being the host's sidekick, which in the past was played by an announcer or designated co-host (such as Ed McMahon and Andy Richter). Of the current late night talk show band leaders who play this role, Paul Shaffer is well known for being a straight man to David Letterman. However, on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", Max Weinberg rarely spoke during the show, and his interactions with O'Brien were often short and awkward \u2013 a recurring gag on the show (Richter, now the announcer, was O'Brien's primary sidekick on \"The Tonight Show\" and has carried on in that role on \"Conan\", whereas new band leader Jimmy Vivino has barely any interaction with O'Brien), and Kevin Eubanks was often the butt of Leno's jokes, particularly regarding drug-related stories.", "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien is an American late-night talk show that featured Conan O'Brien as host from June 1, 2009, to January 22, 2010, as part of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise. O'Brien previously hosted NBC's \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", which followed \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" for 16 years, until his brief succession over Leno. Many members of the \"Late Night\" cast and crew made the transition to \"The Tonight Show\". The Max Weinberg 7, the house band from O'Brien's \"Late Night\", served as the house band under the new name, Max Weinberg and The Tonight Show Band. Andy Richter returned to the show as announcer, and also began resuming his role as sidekick, shortly before the show's conclusion. The opening and closing theme song from \"Late Night\" was also carried over to \"Tonight\", in a slightly altered form. In January 2010, after the show had been on the air for seven months, it was announced that NBC was intending to move Jay Leno from primetime back to his original timeslot at 11:35 pm, with O'Brien's show starting shortly after midnight. In response to the announcement, O'Brien released a press statement saying that he would not continue as host of \"The Tonight Show\" if it was moved to any time after midnight to accommodate \"The Jay Leno Show\". He feared it would ruin the long and rich tradition of \"The Tonight Show\", which had been on after the late local newscasts from the beginning.", "The pair joined The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on October 1, 1962 on NBC. He describes what happened when the pair first met, the whole meeting being \"... about as exciting as watching a traffic light change\". For almost 30 years, McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\" His booming voice and constant laughter alongside the \"King of Late Night\" earned McMahon the nickname the \"Human Laugh Track\" and \"Toymaker to the King\". As part of the introductory patter to The Tonight Show, McMahon would state his name out loud, pronouncing it as , but neither long-time cohort Carson nor anyone else who interviewed him ever seemed to pick up on that subtlety, usually pronouncing his name . Aside from his co-hosting duties, it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight, which did not air nationally. McMahon also served as guest host on at least one occasion, substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963. McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson. Nonetheless, McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time he would walk onto a stage and would use that nervousness as a source of energy. His famous opening line, \"Heeere's Johnny! \", was used in the 1980 horror film The Shining by the character Jack Torrance (played by Jack Nicholson) as he goes after his wife and child with an axe.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon is a 3D motion-simulator attraction at Universal Studios Florida based on Jimmy Fallon's tenure at \"The Tonight Show\". It opened on April 6, 2017. The ride is in 3D. It was revealed by Fallon on social media that Industrial Light & Magic was in charge of filming motion capture footage for the attraction. In a video released by Universal Orlando, early November 2016, and a post by the theme park's official blog various cast and Fallon characters were revealed to have an appearance in the attraction, including Sara and her stepdad, Gary, seen carrying a basket with the Tonight Show Golden Retriever puppies inside, Fallon's Tight Pants character, Steve Higgins, \"Tonight Show\" house band The Roots, The Ragtime Gals and \"Tonight Show\" mascot Hashtag the Panda. The ride is also the first Universal Studios Florida attraction to feature virtual queuing. \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" is an American late-night talk show hosted by \"Saturday Night Live\" alum, Jimmy Fallon, on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and it is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots. \"The Tonight Show\" originates from Studio 6B, where Johnny Carson's \"Tonight Show\" also was taped, in Rockefeller Center, New York City. On the October 27, 2015 episode of \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", Jimmy Fallon officially announced the attraction, which opened in 2017 at Universal Studios Florida. The attraction, which is based on the popular celebrity race segment from Fallon's show, replaced \"Twister... Ride it Out\", which closed on November 2, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson.", "answer_start": 1127}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "answer": {"text": "substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused McMahon to leave The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was McMahons official role?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\"", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did McMahon release any statements about his time on The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time", "answer_start": 1199, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#6", "question": "Did this work well in McMahon's favor?", "rewrite": "Did serving as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson work well in McMahon's favor?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As a result, most first impressions of Book One still in existence usually have a dustwrapper priced at 12/6. In 1992, a year after Wainwright's death, Michael Joseph took control of all of Wainwright's books, including the Pictorial Guides, a change of which Wainwright himself was in favour. When they ceased publication in 2003, the rights were bought by Frances Lincoln who shortly afterwards embarked on a revised Second Edition of the guides. Each of the fells covered by the guides has its own chapter, which normally includes a map of the fell, comprehensive details and 3-dimensional drawings of ascent routes, ridge routes to other fells, routes of descent and a description of the summit. Carefully annotated pen and ink drawings of ascents and views accompany the details of each fell. Each book starts with a description of the geography of the area and ends with \"Some personal notes in conclusion\". Unlike many authors who dedicate books to particular people known to them, Wainwright commences each book with an unusual dedication. These are:   Wainwright, notoriously shy, also includes one drawing of himself in each book, generally from behind, of him admiring a particular view. These are:   In the notes at the end of Book 7, Wainwright lists what he considers to be the 'finest half-dozen' fells in Lakeland. His list consists of:   A 50th anniversary edition and a box set of the original edition have been published. Leather bound versions can be found secondhand. Between 2005 and 2009, the series was factually revised by the publishers Frances Lincoln, to adjust the content to the present-day Lake District. Chris Jesty undertook the revisions, using an imitation of Wainwright's hand lettering to make the alterations look as unobtrusive as possible.", "The pair joined The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on October 1, 1962 on NBC. He describes what happened when the pair first met, the whole meeting being \"... about as exciting as watching a traffic light change\". For almost 30 years, McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\" His booming voice and constant laughter alongside the \"King of Late Night\" earned McMahon the nickname the \"Human Laugh Track\" and \"Toymaker to the King\". As part of the introductory patter to The Tonight Show, McMahon would state his name out loud, pronouncing it as , but neither long-time cohort Carson nor anyone else who interviewed him ever seemed to pick up on that subtlety, usually pronouncing his name . Aside from his co-hosting duties, it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight, which did not air nationally. McMahon also served as guest host on at least one occasion, substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963. McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson. Nonetheless, McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time he would walk onto a stage and would use that nervousness as a source of energy. His famous opening line, \"Heeere's Johnny! \", was used in the 1980 horror film The Shining by the character Jack Torrance (played by Jack Nicholson) as he goes after his wife and child with an axe.", "Wilbur asked Katharine to go to France with Orville, and in 1909 they joined him in Pau. She quickly dominated the social scene, being far more outgoing and charming than the notoriously shy brothers. French newspapers were fascinated by what they saw as the human side of the Wrights. She was awarded, along with Wilbur and Orville, the Legion d'honneur, making her one of a very few women from the U.S. who have received it. When they returned to Dayton, all three siblings were huge celebrities, and Katharine took on business responsibilities, becoming an officer of the Wright Company in 1912 after Wilbur died. The company was sold in 1915 by Orville. In 1917, their father Milton died, three years after he, Katharine, Orville, and Charles and Carrie Kayler Grumbach moved to Hawthorn Hill, a newly constructed mansion in the Dayton suburb of Oakwood. Orville became increasingly dependent on Katharine. She looked after his social schedule, correspondence and business engagements along with his secretary, Mabel Beck, and ran the household as before. She also participated in the suffragette movement and was an active member of Oberlin College's board of directors. In the 1920s, Katharine renewed correspondence with an old boyfriend from college days, newspaperman Henry Joseph Haskell, a widower who lived in Kansas City, Missouri. They began a romance through their letters, but Katharine feared Orville's reaction. After several attempts, Henry broke the news to Orville. He was devastated, and stopped speaking to his sister. Katharine wed on November 20, 1926. Orville refused to attend the ceremony. Katharine and her husband moved to Kansas City, but she grieved over her broken relationship with Orville. She tried many times for a reconciliation, but Orville refused. Two years after her marriage, Katharine contracted pneumonia. When Orville found out, he still refused to contact her.", "Wolf weight and size can vary greatly worldwide, tending to increase proportionally with latitude as predicted by Bergmann's Rule. Wolves are usually hunted in heavy brush and are considered especially challenging to hunt, because of their elusive nature and sharp senses. Grey wolves are notoriously shy and difficult to kill, having been stated to be almost as hard to stalk as cougars, and being far more problematic to dispatch with poison, traps or hounds. However, wolves generally do not defend themselves as effectively as cougars or bears. Some wolves will evade capture for very long periods of time and display great cunning. One specimen nicknamed \"Three Toes of Harding County\" in South Dakota eluded its pursuers for 13 years before finally being caught. Another wolf nicknamed \"Rags the digger\" near Meeker , Colorado would deliberately ruin trap lines by digging up traps without tripping them. In sport hunting, wolves are usually taken in late autumn and early winter, when their pelts are of the highest quality and because the heavy snow makes it easier for the wolves to be tracked. Adult wolves are usually too fast to be overtaken by wolfhounds, but not for well conditioned horses, especially in thick snow. A shot wolf must be approached with caution, as some wolves will play possum. Accounts as to how wolves react to being trapped or cornered vary. John James Audubon wrote that young wolves typically show little resistance to being caught, whereas older, more experienced wolves will fight savagely. Wolves are commonly hunted for their fur. The color of a wolf's fur can vary, from the pure white of the largest, Alaskan wolves, through the range of reddish brown. Even the so-called \"grey wolves\" can include pure black pups in a litter, although grey is the most common color.", "Hillary Homzie Hillary Homzie is a lecturer, playwright and author from Charlottesville, Virginia. Homzie was born Denver and raised in Virginia, United States of America.. She is the daughter of the late M.J. Homzie. A notoriously shy child, when Homzie moved to England at the age of six years old, she felt she 'had been transported into one of the Brothers Grimm stories' and began pretending with her best friend, creating imaginary fairy worlds in the garden. This act of pretending became a love of performing during high school and university. Homzie received a master's degree in education from Temple University and a masters degree from Hollins University in children's literature and writing. Following her graduation from the University of Virginia, Homzie moved to New York City and began writing and performing sketch comedy in the comedy clubs of Soho, Greenwich Village, and Boston. Homzie didn't start writing novels however until the age of twenty-three after studying a children's writing course at City University, New York. It was during this class that she \"found the voice that came out of a 13-year old\" on the verge of becoming a teenager\". Homzie is now the author of the humorous chapter book series, \"Alien Clones From Outer Space,\" as well as middle grade novels such as Things are going to get ugly (2009) and the Hot List (2011). Alien Clones from Outer Space has also now been adapted as an animated TV series in Australia. In recent years, she has worked as Lecturer of Communication and Media Studies at the Sonoma State University and teaches at Hollins University Graduate Program in Children's Literature. Homzie resides in Napa, California with her family."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "answer": {"text": "substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused McMahon to leave The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was McMahons official role?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\"", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did McMahon release any statements about his time on The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time", "answer_start": 1199, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did McMahon obtain more air time while on the show?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson.", "answer_start": 1127, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_956918195357440a93c2fc91e704503d_0_q#7", "question": "Did McMahon receive a salary on the show?", "rewrite": "Did McMahon receive a salary on The Tonight Show?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The pair joined The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson on October 1, 1962 on NBC. He describes what happened when the pair first met, the whole meeting being \"... about as exciting as watching a traffic light change\". For almost 30 years, McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\" His booming voice and constant laughter alongside the \"King of Late Night\" earned McMahon the nickname the \"Human Laugh Track\" and \"Toymaker to the King\". As part of the introductory patter to The Tonight Show, McMahon would state his name out loud, pronouncing it as , but neither long-time cohort Carson nor anyone else who interviewed him ever seemed to pick up on that subtlety, usually pronouncing his name . Aside from his co-hosting duties, it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight, which did not air nationally. McMahon also served as guest host on at least one occasion, substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963. McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson. Nonetheless, McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time he would walk onto a stage and would use that nervousness as a source of energy. His famous opening line, \"Heeere's Johnny! \", was used in the 1980 horror film The Shining by the character Jack Torrance (played by Jack Nicholson) as he goes after his wife and child with an axe.", "\"Carson's Comedy Classics\" showed that there were many other classic sketches and segments that had rarely if ever been seen between the original airing and 1982-1983 (when the show was put into production). Many of the sketches and segments in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" have never been released on DVD either. Each segment was carefully edited to avoid any reference to \"The Tonight Show\" or \"NBC\". Recurring segments were classic \"Carnac the Magnificent\", \"Aunt Blabby\", \"Floyd R. Turbo\", \"Stump The Band\", \"Tea Time Movie\" and other sketches as well as vintage and memorable bits with animal trainers Jim Fowler and Joan Embery and the animals they brought on \"The Tonight Show\". There are also moments where there are segments where Carson would do an activity, like learning karate (he broke a plywood board with his head on one episode), gymnastics, or volleyball, and even trying to start a campfire in a race to do so spearheaded by some Boy Scouts. Many clips also showcase celebrities with Carson, usually in sketches; George C. Scott, Juliet Prowse, Bob Hope and Don Rickles among others. The Tonight Show stock regulars who were unknowns but may have had a few lines here and there in certain sketches were referred to as \"The Carson Comedy Players\" in the opening credits of \"Carson's Comedy Classics\" (longtime Tonight Show stalwart Carol Wayne also appears in many \"Tea Time Movie\" sketches). And of course, Ed McMahon, who was Carson's sidekick and announcer, and stayed with Johnny for Carson's entire \"Tonight Show\" run (1962-1992), is prominently featured in \"Carson's Comedy Classics\". McMahon also narrates the opening credits on the program as well.", "Not only did O'Brien's final show beat all late night competition, it outscored all prime time shows in the 18\u201349 demo from that night and the night before. The network confirmed that Leno would officially resume as host of \"The Tonight Show\" on March 1, and reruns from O'Brien's time as host aired until NBC began airing the Olympics on February 15. Leno's first \"Tonight Show\" back pulled in 6.6 million viewers, and his margin over Letterman again held for much of the rest of his run until his second \"Tonight Show\" departure in 2014. While his numbers were down from his original incarnation of \"The Tonight Show\", \"It's as if a collective erase button was pushed\", said Robert Thompson, professor of television at Syracuse University, \"with the usual suspects back in their usual locations\u2014except Conan is gone.\" According to NBC, if O'Brien continued hosting, it would have been the first year that \"The Tonight Show\" would have actually lost money, which Leno later contended was damaging to the franchise. This assertion was scorned by skeptical critics as it was calculated that Conan's \"Tonight Show\" would have made significantly more money in advertising than Leno's show did, due to his more favorable youth demographic numbers. Also Leno's larger staff, higher production costs, and higher salary would have by all accounts made Leno's \"Tonight Show\" more costly. O'Brien and Ross also challenged this accusation, concluding that in order for NBC to use such figures, they must have folded in the cost of erecting the new studio/offices, alongside startup costs.", "Most shows in this genre have an in-house band that plays musical interludes. Popular late night band leaders include Paul Shaffer, leader of The World's Most Dangerous Band/The CBS Orchestra on \"Late Night\" and the \"Late Show with David Letterman\"; Max Weinberg, leader of The Max Weinberg 7 on \"Late Night\" and The Tonight Show Band on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\"; Cleto and the Cletones on \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" ; Kevin Eubanks, leader of The Tonight Show Band and the Primetime Band and The Roots, famous eclectic hip-hop band turned host-band of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" (and later \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\"). Usually the band leader is a major part of the show, and the band leader and host often exchange playful banter during the monologue and comedy segments; the band leader has thus taken over the part of being the host's sidekick, which in the past was played by an announcer or designated co-host (such as Ed McMahon and Andy Richter). Of the current late night talk show band leaders who play this role, Paul Shaffer is well known for being a straight man to David Letterman. However, on \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", Max Weinberg rarely spoke during the show, and his interactions with O'Brien were often short and awkward \u2013 a recurring gag on the show (Richter, now the announcer, was O'Brien's primary sidekick on \"The Tonight Show\" and has carried on in that role on \"Conan\", whereas new band leader Jimmy Vivino has barely any interaction with O'Brien), and Kevin Eubanks was often the butt of Leno's jokes, particularly regarding drug-related stories.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon is a 3D motion-simulator attraction at Universal Studios Florida based on Jimmy Fallon's tenure at \"The Tonight Show\". It opened on April 6, 2017. The ride is in 3D. It was revealed by Fallon on social media that Industrial Light & Magic was in charge of filming motion capture footage for the attraction. In a video released by Universal Orlando, early November 2016, and a post by the theme park's official blog various cast and Fallon characters were revealed to have an appearance in the attraction, including Sara and her stepdad, Gary, seen carrying a basket with the Tonight Show Golden Retriever puppies inside, Fallon's Tight Pants character, Steve Higgins, \"Tonight Show\" house band The Roots, The Ragtime Gals and \"Tonight Show\" mascot Hashtag the Panda. The ride is also the first Universal Studios Florida attraction to feature virtual queuing. \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" is an American late-night talk show hosted by \"Saturday Night Live\" alum, Jimmy Fallon, on NBC. The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and it is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host. The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots. \"The Tonight Show\" originates from Studio 6B, where Johnny Carson's \"Tonight Show\" also was taped, in Rockefeller Center, New York City. On the October 27, 2015 episode of \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", Jimmy Fallon officially announced the attraction, which opened in 2017 at Universal Studios Florida. The attraction, which is based on the popular celebrity race segment from Fallon's show, replaced \"Twister... Ride it Out\", which closed on November 2, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Ed McMahon and Johnny Carson, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "it also fell upon McMahon during the early years of Carson's tenure (when the show ran 105 minutes) to host the first fifteen minutes of Tonight,", "answer_start": 752, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it fall upon McMahons shoulders?", "answer": {"text": "substituting for Carson during a week of programs that aired between July 29 and August 2, 1963, and again for two nights in October 1963.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What caused McMahon to leave The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was McMahons official role?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon introduced the show with a drawn-out \"Heeere's Johnny!\"", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did McMahon release any statements about his time on The Tonight Show?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon once told an interviewer that after his many decades as an emcee, he would still get \"butterflies\" in his stomach every time", "answer_start": 1199, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did McMahon obtain more air time while on the show?", "answer": {"text": "McMahon served as a counter to the notoriously shy Carson.", "answer_start": 1127, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this work well in McMahon's favor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92d2a2981b1f478fa511517162390d14_0_q#0", "question": "What is the history of Manorialism?", "rewrite": "What is the history of Manorialism?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The basis of the latifundia in Spain and Sicily was the \"ager publicus\" that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. In the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the largely self-sufficient villa-system of the latifundia remained among the few political-cultural centres of a fragmented Europe. These latifundia had been of great importance economically, until the long-distance shipping of wine and oil, grain and \"garum\" disintegrated, but extensive lands controlled in a single pair of hands still constituted \"power\": it can be argued that the latifundia formed part of the economic basis of the European social feudal system, taking the form of Manorialism, the essential element of feudal society, and the organizing principle of rural economy in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: \"primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a capitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent. \" The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the \"Rittergut\" manors of Junkers remained until World War II.", "The church also clipped the ability of parents to retain kinship ties through arranged marriages by forbidding unions in which the bride did not clearly agree to the union. These rules were not necessarily followed unanimously nor did all cultures across Europe evolve toward nuclear families, but by the latter half of the Middle Ages the nuclear household was dominant over most of Northwestern Europe and where in the old indigenous religions, women married between 12 and 15 years of age (coinciding with puberty) and men married in their middle twenties, as Christianity expanded men married increasingly earlier and women married increasingly later The rise of manorialism in the vacuum left after the Fall of Rome might also have weakened the ties of kinship at the same time that the Church had curtailed the power of clans; as early as the 800s in northern France, families that worked on manors were small, consisting of parents and children and occasionally a grandparent. The Church and State had become allies in erasing the solidarity and thus the political power of the clans; the Church sought to replace traditional religion, whose vehicle was the kin group, and substituting the authority of the elders of the kin group with that of a religious elder, the presbyteros. At the same time, the king's rule was undermined by revolts on the part of powerful, communal kin groups, whose conspiracies and murders threatened the power of the state and, once manorialism had become established, also threatened the demand of manorial lords for obedient, compliant workers; in the west, manorialism was unsuccessful in establishing itself in Frisia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the East of England, and the south of Iberia and Italy.", "In most of Western Europe, later marriage and higher rates of definitive celibacy (the so-called \"European marriage pattern\") helped to constrain patriarchy at its most extreme level. The rise of Christianity and manorialism had both created incentives to keep families nuclear and thus the age of marriage increased; the Western Church instituted marriage laws and practices that undermined large kinship groups. From as early as the 4th century, the Church discouraged any practice that enlarged the family, like adoption, polygamy, taking concubines, divorce, and remarriage. The Church severely discouraged and prohibited consanguineous marriages, a marriage pattern that has constituted a means to maintain clans (and thus their power) throughout history. The church also forbade marriages in which the bride did not clearly agree to the union. After the Fall of Rome, manorialism also helped to weaken the ties of kinship and thus the power of clans; as early as the 9th century in Austrasia, families that worked on manors were small, consisting of parents and children and occasionally a grandparent. The Church and state had become allies in erasing the solidarity and thus the political power of the clans; the Church sought to replace traditional religion, whose vehicle was the kin group, and substituting the authority of the elders of the kin group with that of a religious elder; at the same time, the king's rule was undermined by revolts on the part of the most powerful kin groups, clans or sections, whose conspiracies and murders threatened the power of the state and also the demand of manorial lords for obedient, compliant workers.", "Lord of the manor  Lord of the manor is a title given to a person holding the lordship of a manor in the Anglo-Saxon system of manorialism which emanated from feudalism in English and Irish history. In modern England and Wales, it is recognised as a form of property, one of three elements of a manor that may exist separately or be combined, and may be held in moieties: A title similar to such a lordship is known in French as , in German, (Kaleagasi) in Turkish, in Norwegian and Swedish, in Welsh, in Dutch, and or in Italian. Historically a lord of the manor could either be a tenant-in-chief if he held a capital manor directly from the Crown, or a mesne lord if he was the vassal of another lord. The origins of the lordship of manors arose in the Anglo-Saxon system of manorialism. Following the Norman conquest, land at the manorial level was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 (the Normans' registry in Sicily was called, in Latin, the \"Catalogus Baronum\", compiled a few years later). The title cannot nowadays be subdivided. This has been prohibited since 1290 by the statute of \"Quia Emptores\" that prevents tenants from alienating their lands to others by subinfeudation, instead requiring all tenants wishing to alienate their land to do so by substitution. Lord Denning, in \"Corpus Christi College Oxford v Gloucestershire County Council\" [1983] QB 360, described the manor thus: The owner of a lordship of the manor can be described as [\"Personal Name\"], Lord/Lady of the Manor of [\"Placename\"], sometimes shortened to Lord or Lady of [\"Placename\"]. In modern times any person may choose to use a name that is not the property of another.", "Muscovite manorialism The development of feudal society in the region of Rus' took a different course to that in Western Europe. In particular, under the version of manorialism practised in Rus', knights granted land by a prince were not bound in allegiance to that prince; and instead of serfdom much of the land was worked by a partially free peasant class (\"smerd\"). In consequence, there was no strong central monarchy able to resist invasions by the Poles, Norsemen, Tatars and Mongols. A strong central power emerged only later, particularly under Ivan III of Russia, which defeated the invaders, unified the territory of Rus', and laid claim to large areas of land. At the end of the first millennium AD, Europe was experiencing the full effects of the order and advances in social structure begun during the early Middle Ages; however, the structure and development(s) characterising medieval European society were not found beyond the Carpathian Mountains, and the region of Rus' remained as a disordered regionalist \"state\". The early development of feudal society in the absence of a strong central government helped the European states overcome the harshness experienced in the Dark Ages by enabling the creation of strong governments. In Western Europe, a manorial (economic)/feudal (political) system was created, culminating in the full development of feudal society spreading across Europe and to England; a society which divided land, top to bottom, from the monarch to his immediate trustee or vassal, to the peasant or serf, who worked the fiefs in tribute, in return for protection from invaders. This symbiotic system created the first central governments throughout Christendom since the fall of Rome. The history of Eastern Europe, Rus' in particular, was different."], "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_92d2a2981b1f478fa511517162390d14_0_q#1", "question": "What did that mean", "rewrite": "What is meant that, in the history of Manorialism, the individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["British improvements included Joseph Foljambe's cast iron plough (patented 1730), which combined an earlier Dutch design with a number of innovations. Its fittings and coulter were made of iron and the mouldboard and share were covered with an iron plate, making it easier to pull and more controllable than previous ploughs. By the 1760s Foljambe was making large numbers of these ploughs in a factory outside of Rotherham, England, using standard patterns with interchangeable parts. The plough was easy for a blacksmith to make, but by the end of the 18th century it was being made in rural foundries. By 1770 it was the cheapest and best plough available. It spread to Scotland, America, and France. In Europe, agriculture was feudal from the Middle Ages. In the traditional open field system, many subsistence farmers cropped strips of land in large fields held in common and divided the produce. They typically worked under the auspices of the aristocracy or the Catholic Church, who owned much of the land. As early as the 12th century, some fields in England tilled under the open field system were enclosed into individually owned fields. The Black Death from 1348 onward accelerated the break-up of the feudal system in England. Many farms were bought by yeomen who enclosed their property and improved their use of the land. More secure control of the land allowed the owners to make innovations that improved their yields. Other husbandmen rented property they \"share cropped\" with the land owners. Many of these enclosures were accomplished by acts of Parliament in the 16th and 17th centuries. The process of enclosing property accelerated in the 15th and 16th centuries. The more productive enclosed farms meant that fewer farmers were needed to work the same land, leaving many villagers without land and grazing rights.", "The word derives from traditional inherited divisions of the countryside, reassigned as local jurisdictions known as manors or seigneuries; each manor being subject to a lord (French seigneur), usually holding his position in return for undertakings offered to a higher lord (see Feudalism). The lord held a manorial court, governed by public law and local custom. Not all territorial seigneurs were secular; bishops and abbots also held lands that entailed similar obligations. By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context. In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent. In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor, formerly walled, while the manor lands stretched away outside, as still may be seen at Petworth House. As concerns for privacy increased in the 18th century, manor houses were often located a farther distance from the village. For example, when a grand new house was required by the new owner of Harlaxton Manor, Lincolnshire, in the 1830s, the site of the existing manor house at the edge of its village was abandoned for a new one, isolated in its park, with the village out of view. In an agrarian society, the conditions of land tenure underlie all social or economic factors. There were two legal systems of pre-manorial landholding. One, the most common, was the system of holding land \"allodially\" in full outright ownership. The other was a use of precaria or benefices, in which land was held conditionally (the root of the English word \"precarious\").", "The High Middle Ages was a period of tremendous expansion of population. The estimated population of Europe grew from 35 to 80 million between 1000 and 1347, although the exact causes remain unclear: improved agricultural techniques, the decline of slaveholding, a more clement climate and the lack of invasion have all been suggested. As much as 90 per cent of the European population remained rural peasants. Many were no longer settled in isolated farms but had gathered into small communities, usually known as manors or villages. These peasants were often subject to noble overlords and owed them rents and other services, in a system known as manorialism. There remained a few free peasants throughout this period and beyond, with more of them in the regions of Southern Europe than in the north. The practice of assarting, or bringing new lands into production by offering incentives to the peasants who settled them, also contributed to the expansion of population. The open-field system of agriculture was commonly practiced in most of Europe, especially in \"northwestern and central Europe\". Such agricultural communities had three basic characteristics: individual peasant holdings in the form of strips of land were scattered among the different fields belonging to the manor; crops were rotated from year to year to preserve soil fertility; and common land was used for grazing livestock and other purposes. Some regions used a three-field system of crop rotation, others retained the older two-field system. Other sections of society included the nobility, clergy, and townsmen. Nobles, both the titled nobility and simple knights, exploited the manors and the peasants, although they did not own lands outright but were granted rights to the income from a manor or other lands by an overlord through the system of feudalism.", "One field was planted in fall, one field was planted in spring, and the third field was left fallow. Crops were rotated from year to year and field to field. Thus, cultivation was more intensive than it was under the two-field pattern. In both patterns, common areas of wood and pasture as well as fallowed fields were used for communal grazing and wood-gathering. The woods and meadows comprising common lands were open to exploitation to all farmers in the manor, but under strict management of the number of livestock allowed each farmer to avoid over grazing. Fallow fields were treated as common lands for grazing. The open-field system had a more individualistic, less-communal variant, usually prevalent in less productive areas for agriculture. The strips of land cultivated by farmers were more concentrated, sometimes into a single block of land rather than scattered holdings. Crop decisions were often made by individuals or a small group of farmers rather than a whole village. An individual farmer might possess not only cultivated land, but woods and pastures, rather than the commons of the pure open-field system. Villages were often strung out along a road rather than nucleated as in the archetypal open-field system. An enclosed field system was found mostly in pastoral areas, areas of mixed farming and pasture, and more marginal farming areas. The enclosed field system was characterized by individual decision making. Farmers typically enclosed their land with hedgerows, stones, or trees. The village church was often at a prominent location and houses were scattered rather than collected into a village. This individualistic field system was found in eastern and southwestern England, Normandy and Brittany in France, and scattered throughout Europe. Farmers were not equal in the amount of land they farmed. In a survey of seven English counties in 1279, perhaps typical of Europe as a whole, 46 percent of farmers held less than , which was insufficient land to support a family.", "The basis of the latifundia in Spain and Sicily was the \"ager publicus\" that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. In the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the largely self-sufficient villa-system of the latifundia remained among the few political-cultural centres of a fragmented Europe. These latifundia had been of great importance economically, until the long-distance shipping of wine and oil, grain and \"garum\" disintegrated, but extensive lands controlled in a single pair of hands still constituted \"power\": it can be argued that the latifundia formed part of the economic basis of the European social feudal system, taking the form of Manorialism, the essential element of feudal society, and the organizing principle of rural economy in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: \"primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a capitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent. \" The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the \"Rittergut\" manors of Junkers remained until World War II."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the history of Manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92d2a2981b1f478fa511517162390d14_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the strips of individually worked land, are there any other interesting aspects about the history of Manorialism article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Westferry DLR station Westferry is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), at the junction of Limehouse Causeway and Westferry Road in Limehouse in London Docklands, England. The station is located in Travelcard Zone 2. To the west is Limehouse station, whilst to the east the DLR splits, with one branch going to Poplar station and the other to West India Quay station. The DLR station was built midway between the site of the old Limehouse and West India Docks stations on the disused London and Blackwall Railway. Limehouse Police Station is nearby, as is St Anne's Church, built by Nicholas Hawksmoor and boasting London's tallest church clock tower. The station is also close to Westferry Circus and Canary Wharf Pier. Westferry station is in Limehouse and given its proximity to the former Limehouse station on the London & Blackwall Railway, could have been given this name, but instead Stepney East was renamed Limehouse and the DLR station there given that name. West India Quay was reserved for the station at the other end of West India Dock, so there was no obvious choice. There is no place called Westferry; the name is derived from the nearby Westferry Road. Nor was there ever a west ferry. There was a passenger ferry at the southern tip of the Isle of Dogs run by the Greenwich watermen. It was accessed by two roads, East Ferry Road (also known locally as Farm Road) and Westferry Road, built in 1812 when a horse ferry was introduced alongside the passenger ferry. The two roads still exist, running down the centre and west side of the Isle of Dogs respectively. But the road names refer to an ancient service at the far end of the Isle of Dogs from the station.", "The basis of the latifundia in Spain and Sicily was the \"ager publicus\" that fell to the dispensation of the state through Rome's policy of war in the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. In the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, the largely self-sufficient villa-system of the latifundia remained among the few political-cultural centres of a fragmented Europe. These latifundia had been of great importance economically, until the long-distance shipping of wine and oil, grain and \"garum\" disintegrated, but extensive lands controlled in a single pair of hands still constituted \"power\": it can be argued that the latifundia formed part of the economic basis of the European social feudal system, taking the form of Manorialism, the essential element of feudal society, and the organizing principle of rural economy in medieval Europe. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court. Manorialism died slowly and piecemeal, along with its most vivid feature in the landscape, the open field system. It outlasted serfdom as it outlasted feudalism: \"primarily an economic organization, it could maintain a warrior, but it could equally well maintain a capitalist landlord. It could be self-sufficient, yield produce for the market, or it could yield a money rent. \" The last feudal dues in France were abolished at the French Revolution. In parts of eastern Germany, the \"Rittergut\" manors of Junkers remained until World War II.", "Heading east, the tunnel passes under the north side of Limehouse Basin, turns south-east to pass underneath Limekiln Dock and Dundee Wharf close to the embankment walls of the River Thames before turning north-east under Westferry Road. The eastern portal to the tunnel, emerging onto the A1261 Aspen Way, is just north of the Canary Wharf development, near West India Quay DLR station. Through the Blackwall area, the eastern extremity of Aspen Way includes a flyover crossing of a roundabout close to the line of the twin tunnels of the Blackwall Tunnel. The tunnel has a speed limit, enforced by SpeedCurb speed cameras above the carriageway at the tunnel entrances, exits and inside the tunnel. The Limehouse Link tunnel is notable for including slip roads to and from Westferry Road towards the eastern end of the twin tunnels. Complex ground conditions and the need to avoid several key existing structures including other tunnels and a river basin increased costs. New radio and loudspeaker public address systems were installed in early 2008. The tunnel structures feature substantial works of public art. The western portal has Zadok Ben-David's circle of silhouettes, \"Restless Dream\". The eastern portal has an untitled abstract by Nigel Hall. The eastern services building (Westferry Road) has artwork commissioned from UK artist and sculptor Michael Kenny (1941\u20131999), a relief work in Kilkenny limestone called \"On Strange And Distant Islands\". Two vehicle fires have occurred in the tunnel: one in 2005 and another in 2014.", "The church also clipped the ability of parents to retain kinship ties through arranged marriages by forbidding unions in which the bride did not clearly agree to the union. These rules were not necessarily followed unanimously nor did all cultures across Europe evolve toward nuclear families, but by the latter half of the Middle Ages the nuclear household was dominant over most of Northwestern Europe and where in the old indigenous religions, women married between 12 and 15 years of age (coinciding with puberty) and men married in their middle twenties, as Christianity expanded men married increasingly earlier and women married increasingly later The rise of manorialism in the vacuum left after the Fall of Rome might also have weakened the ties of kinship at the same time that the Church had curtailed the power of clans; as early as the 800s in northern France, families that worked on manors were small, consisting of parents and children and occasionally a grandparent. The Church and State had become allies in erasing the solidarity and thus the political power of the clans; the Church sought to replace traditional religion, whose vehicle was the kin group, and substituting the authority of the elders of the kin group with that of a religious elder, the presbyteros. At the same time, the king's rule was undermined by revolts on the part of powerful, communal kin groups, whose conspiracies and murders threatened the power of the state and, once manorialism had become established, also threatened the demand of manorial lords for obedient, compliant workers; in the west, manorialism was unsuccessful in establishing itself in Frisia, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, the East of England, and the south of Iberia and Italy.", "The word derives from traditional inherited divisions of the countryside, reassigned as local jurisdictions known as manors or seigneuries; each manor being subject to a lord (French seigneur), usually holding his position in return for undertakings offered to a higher lord (see Feudalism). The lord held a manorial court, governed by public law and local custom. Not all territorial seigneurs were secular; bishops and abbots also held lands that entailed similar obligations. By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context. In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent. In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor, formerly walled, while the manor lands stretched away outside, as still may be seen at Petworth House. As concerns for privacy increased in the 18th century, manor houses were often located a farther distance from the village. For example, when a grand new house was required by the new owner of Harlaxton Manor, Lincolnshire, in the 1830s, the site of the existing manor house at the edge of its village was abandoned for a new one, isolated in its park, with the village out of view. In an agrarian society, the conditions of land tenure underlie all social or economic factors. There were two legal systems of pre-manorial landholding. One, the most common, was the system of holding land \"allodially\" in full outright ownership. The other was a use of precaria or benefices, in which land was held conditionally (the root of the English word \"precarious\")."], "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the history of Manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did that mean", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92d2a2981b1f478fa511517162390d14_0_q#3", "question": "Why are they apparent", "rewrite": "Why are the strips of individually worked land immediately apparent in a medieval manor?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Ut\u00f6 hus Ut\u00f6 hus (sometimes Ut\u00f6hus, literally in Swedish \"Ut\u00f6 house\") is a medieval manor on Arn\u00f6 island in lake M\u00e4laren in Uppland, Sweden. The manor is mentioned in written sources for the first time in beginning of the 15th century. At the time, it belonged to the Schack family. In the 1630s, the estate was merged with neighbouring estate of Gr\u00f6ns\u00f6 Manor when the Chancellor of Uppsala University Johan Skytte (1577\u20131645) married Maria N\u00e4f. The building was repaired circa 1740 and occasionally inhabited until the 1840s, when it was transformed into a storage. In 1937 the building was donated to the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities by Alice von Ehrenheim. The manor is a well-preserved, rectangular medieval manor house with crow-stepped gables. It consists of a cellar, two proper floors and two attic floors. The current division of rooms seems to date from the first half of the 17th century.", "Neither Quorn nor Swithland receive an entry, and the Buddon brook valley, along with much of eastern Charnwood, fell within the Manor of Barrow. In the centuries that followed the arrival of Norman lords, some eleven deer parks were established around Charnwood Forest, by the various manorial lords. Barrow Park is first documented in 1135. An almost circular park with Buddon Brook running north-south though its middle. Substantial banks and ditches enclosed an area intended to preserve deer for hunting, and would also have provided timber and other resources of a medieval manor. The northern half of the reservoir lies within Barrow Park, as does the whole of Buddon Wood, and the bank and ditch remain well preserved both around the south-eastern edge of the wood and within the silt of the reservoir floor, as was seen when it was drained in 1976. Also visible in the silt is a moated medieval park-keeper's house site, with several fishponds alongside. Unusually for a medieval manor, its history hinged on four sisters, who each inherited a part of Barrow Manor when their father Roger de Sumery died in 1273. Amongst the parcels of land each daughter inherited was a part of Barrow Park, or as it was becoming known, Quorndon Park, as the newer settlement grew up along the park's northern boundary. With each of the daughters married to landowners elsewhere, the park and other lands in Barrow were sold and exchanged in small parcels, but by the fourteenth century were mainly split between two big landowners, the Despenser and Erdington Families. With the disgrace and execution Hugh Despenser in 1326, his estates, now part of the manor of Beaumanor, passed to the Beaumonts.", "Lasborough Park Lasborough Park (or Lasborough House) is a Grade II listed country house in Newington Bagpath/Lasborough, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England. The estate includes a medieval manor, a house, and parkland. The original medieval manor, Lasborough Farm, dates to the 11th century, and included terraced gardens. A manor house is record in the 14th century. The manor was surrounded by woodland and a deer park. Lasborough House and its pleasure grounds was built in 1794. In the mid 17th century, the Lasborough manor was made up of two farms which were worked by tenant farmers, that of Lasborough Park and also Bowldown Farm. Lasborough Farm had an old manor-house. The country house Lasborough Park was built in 1794 for Edmund Estcourt by James Wyatt in Tudor Gothic style. In the early 1870s, Lasborough Park was owned by Robert Stayner Holford of Westonbirt House. The house was enlarged and altered in the 19th century. It was later purchased by Galbraith Cole. In 1929, the house was purchased by Maj. R. A. Scott who held it until 1950. It passed to a timber merchant firm in 1952 who cut down trees on the property. In 1954, it was purchased by W. Curtis and the old manor-house was sold off. The Middle Avon River rises at two heads; one in Newington Bagpath, which passes through Lasborough Park to Boxwell; the, other in Hawkesbury, which passes by Wickwar. The streams unite below Kingswood, county of Wiltshire.", "St Leonards-on-Sea Congregational Church St Leonards-on-Sea Congregational Church is a former Congregational church in St Leonards-on-Sea, part of the town and borough of Hastings in East Sussex, England. Considered \"one of the most ambitious Nonconformist buildings in Sussex\", the sandstone building of 1863 forms a significant landmark on one of the Victorian resort's main roads\u2014despite the loss of its copper spire in the Great Storm of 1987. Unlike most churches of its denomination, it did not join the United Reformed Church when that denomination was formed in 1972. It fell out of religious use in 2008 and had stood empty and was at risk of demolition. English Heritage has listed the building at Grade II for its architectural and historical importance. Bought by a new owner in 2012 it was almost completely renovated, but was then sold again in 2019. The new owner plans to open the church to the public as an arts and antiques centre with a cafe in the tower. Hastings, an important fishing port, Cinque Port and defence site on the southeast coast of England, was already a significant town in 928 when it was first documented. Its development, constrained for many centuries by a deep valley and poor transport links, accelerated rapidly in the late 18th and early 19th centuries as sea-bathing, promenading and other seaside leisure activities became increasingly fashionable. Roads and (later) railway lines were built, attracting day-trippers and new residents, and by the 1820s the town was a noted leisure destination. James Burton, a London-based builder and speculator who had executed large-scale developments in North London before moving to Tunbridge Wells in Kent, saw the potential of the land immediately west of the growing town. It was originally the pre-medieval Manor of Gensing.", "The word derives from traditional inherited divisions of the countryside, reassigned as local jurisdictions known as manors or seigneuries; each manor being subject to a lord (French seigneur), usually holding his position in return for undertakings offered to a higher lord (see Feudalism). The lord held a manorial court, governed by public law and local custom. Not all territorial seigneurs were secular; bishops and abbots also held lands that entailed similar obligations. By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context. In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent. In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor, formerly walled, while the manor lands stretched away outside, as still may be seen at Petworth House. As concerns for privacy increased in the 18th century, manor houses were often located a farther distance from the village. For example, when a grand new house was required by the new owner of Harlaxton Manor, Lincolnshire, in the 1830s, the site of the existing manor house at the edge of its village was abandoned for a new one, isolated in its park, with the village out of view. In an agrarian society, the conditions of land tenure underlie all social or economic factors. There were two legal systems of pre-manorial landholding. One, the most common, was the system of holding land \"allodially\" in full outright ownership. The other was a use of precaria or benefices, in which land was held conditionally (the root of the English word \"precarious\")."], "answer": {"text": "In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor,", "answer_start": 803}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the history of Manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did that mean", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92d2a2981b1f478fa511517162390d14_0_q#4", "question": "What else was arounf the manor", "rewrite": "Other than the worked lands of the open field system, what else was around the typical medieval manor?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["One field was planted in fall, one field was planted in spring, and the third field was left fallow. Crops were rotated from year to year and field to field. Thus, cultivation was more intensive than it was under the two-field pattern. In both patterns, common areas of wood and pasture as well as fallowed fields were used for communal grazing and wood-gathering. The woods and meadows comprising common lands were open to exploitation to all farmers in the manor, but under strict management of the number of livestock allowed each farmer to avoid over grazing. Fallow fields were treated as common lands for grazing. The open-field system had a more individualistic, less-communal variant, usually prevalent in less productive areas for agriculture. The strips of land cultivated by farmers were more concentrated, sometimes into a single block of land rather than scattered holdings. Crop decisions were often made by individuals or a small group of farmers rather than a whole village. An individual farmer might possess not only cultivated land, but woods and pastures, rather than the commons of the pure open-field system. Villages were often strung out along a road rather than nucleated as in the archetypal open-field system. An enclosed field system was found mostly in pastoral areas, areas of mixed farming and pasture, and more marginal farming areas. The enclosed field system was characterized by individual decision making. Farmers typically enclosed their land with hedgerows, stones, or trees. The village church was often at a prominent location and houses were scattered rather than collected into a village. This individualistic field system was found in eastern and southwestern England, Normandy and Brittany in France, and scattered throughout Europe. Farmers were not equal in the amount of land they farmed. In a survey of seven English counties in 1279, perhaps typical of Europe as a whole, 46 percent of farmers held less than , which was insufficient land to support a family.", "End Hall was built by Sir Nicholas Mosley in 1596 as the new Withington manor house\u2014the original medieval manor house was situated south-east of the modern junction of Mauldeth Road West and Princess Road, which was surrounded by a moat. In 1750 it was demolished to make way for a farm building, but some of the moat was left. An Ordnance Survey map of 1845 shows it as \"Withington Old Hall\", and it later came to be known as \"Chorlton's Farm\" or \"Old Hall Farm\". Today, the site is occupied by Eddisbury Avenue and no trace remains of the old house. There are still today some remnants of this moat underneath Old Moat Primary School, on Old Moat Lane. In the early 18th century, the Withington Manor was once again sold, this time to the Egertons of Tatton. Withington as a village developed around Wilmslow Road, a main road, connecting Manchester to Wilmslow which was the only direct route between Manchester and Wilmslow at the time. Farming still dominated the area, although there is evidence in maps of a substantial cotton house on Cotton Lane, which later appears to become Withington Hall. Some historians dispute the cotton house as there is little record of it, and claim \"\"Cotton Lane\"\" comes from land in the area which was jointly held by the townships of Withington, Didsbury and Burnage (a relic of the medieval open field system). This area was the old village centre however, although the only relic of its former importance is the small flower display on the corner of Wilmslow Road and Cotton Lane. The trade in Withington, and consequent traffic on Wilmslow Road, increased steadily as the city of Manchester flourished in the early 19th century.", "Open-field system The open-field system was the prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages and lasted into the 20th century in parts of western Europe, Russia, Iran and Turkey. Under the open-field system, each manor or village had two or three large fields, usually several hundred acres each, which were divided into many narrow strips of land. The strips or selions were cultivated by individuals or peasant families, often called tenants or serfs. The holdings of a manor also included woodland and pasture areas for common usage and fields belonging to the lord of the manor and the church. The farmers customarily lived in individual houses in a nucleated village with a much larger manor house and church nearby. The open-field system necessitated co-operation among the inhabitants of the manor. The Lord of the Manor, his officials, and a Manorial court administered the manor and exercised jurisdiction over the peasantry. The Lord levied rents and required the peasantry to work on his personal lands, called a demesne. In medieval times, little land was owned outright. Instead, generally the lord had rights given to him by the king and the tenant rented land from the lord. Lords demanded rents and labour from the tenants, but the tenants had firm user rights to cropland and common land and those rights were passed down from generation to generation. A medieval lord could not evict a tenant nor hire labour to replace him without legal cause. Most tenants likewise were not free without penalty to depart the manor for other locations or occupations. The rise of capitalism and the concept of land as a commodity to be bought and sold led to the gradual demise of the open-field system. The open-field system was gradually replaced over several centuries by private ownership of land, especially after the 15th century in the process known as enclosure in England.", "The word derives from traditional inherited divisions of the countryside, reassigned as local jurisdictions known as manors or seigneuries; each manor being subject to a lord (French seigneur), usually holding his position in return for undertakings offered to a higher lord (see Feudalism). The lord held a manorial court, governed by public law and local custom. Not all territorial seigneurs were secular; bishops and abbots also held lands that entailed similar obligations. By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context. In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent. In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor, formerly walled, while the manor lands stretched away outside, as still may be seen at Petworth House. As concerns for privacy increased in the 18th century, manor houses were often located a farther distance from the village. For example, when a grand new house was required by the new owner of Harlaxton Manor, Lincolnshire, in the 1830s, the site of the existing manor house at the edge of its village was abandoned for a new one, isolated in its park, with the village out of view. In an agrarian society, the conditions of land tenure underlie all social or economic factors. There were two legal systems of pre-manorial landholding. One, the most common, was the system of holding land \"allodially\" in full outright ownership. The other was a use of precaria or benefices, in which land was held conditionally (the root of the English word \"precarious\").", "More precise terms that describe current farm laborers without land ownership are farmworker or , tenant farmer, and sharecropper. The word \"peasant\" is derived from the 15th-century French word \"pa\u00efsant\" (compare Italian \"paesano\"), meaning one from the \"pays\", or countryside; ultimately from the Latin \"pagus\", or outlying administrative district. Peasants typically made up the majority of the agricultural labour force in a pre-industrial society. The majority of the people in the Middle Ages were peasants. Though \"peasant\" is a word of loose application, once a market economy had taken root, the term \"peasant proprietors\" was frequently used to describe the traditional rural population in countries where smallholders farmed much of the land. More generally, the word \"peasant\" is sometimes used to refer pejoratively to those considered to be \"lower class\", perhaps defined by poorer education and/or a lower income. The open field system of agriculture dominated most of northern Europe during medieval times and endured until the nineteenth century in many areas. Under this system, peasants lived on a manor presided over by a lord or a bishop of the church. Peasants paid rent or labor services to the lord in exchange for their right to cultivate the land. Fallowed land, pastures, forests, and wasteland were held in common. The open field system required cooperation among the peasants of the manor. It was gradually replaced by individual ownership and management of land. The relative position of peasants in Western Europe improved greatly after the Black Death had reduced the population of medieval Europe in the mid-14th century: resulting in more land for the survivors and making labor more scarce. In the wake of this disruption to the established order, later centuries saw the invention of the printing press, the development of widespread literacy and the enormous social and intellectual changes of the Enlightenment."], "answer": {"text": "while the manor lands stretched away outside,", "answer_start": 963}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the history of Manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did that mean", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why are they apparent", "answer": {"text": "In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor,", "answer_start": 803, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_92d2a2981b1f478fa511517162390d14_0_q#5", "question": "what was outside", "rewrite": "What was outside a typical medieval manor?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Lasborough Park Lasborough Park (or Lasborough House) is a Grade II listed country house in Newington Bagpath/Lasborough, Tetbury, Gloucestershire, England. The estate includes a medieval manor, a house, and parkland. The original medieval manor, Lasborough Farm, dates to the 11th century, and included terraced gardens. A manor house is record in the 14th century. The manor was surrounded by woodland and a deer park. Lasborough House and its pleasure grounds was built in 1794. In the mid 17th century, the Lasborough manor was made up of two farms which were worked by tenant farmers, that of Lasborough Park and also Bowldown Farm. Lasborough Farm had an old manor-house. The country house Lasborough Park was built in 1794 for Edmund Estcourt by James Wyatt in Tudor Gothic style. In the early 1870s, Lasborough Park was owned by Robert Stayner Holford of Westonbirt House. The house was enlarged and altered in the 19th century. It was later purchased by Galbraith Cole. In 1929, the house was purchased by Maj. R. A. Scott who held it until 1950. It passed to a timber merchant firm in 1952 who cut down trees on the property. In 1954, it was purchased by W. Curtis and the old manor-house was sold off. The Middle Avon River rises at two heads; one in Newington Bagpath, which passes through Lasborough Park to Boxwell; the, other in Hawkesbury, which passes by Wickwar. The streams unite below Kingswood, county of Wiltshire.", "Holmside Hall Holmside Hall is an early 19th-century farmhouse and equestrian centre at Holmside, Burnhope, County Durham, England. The farm is built on the site of a medieval manor house which until 1570 was the home of Robert Tempest (High Sheriff of Durham in 1561). The family lost the manor by confiscation following his attainder for his part in the Rising of the North in 1569. The site contains the remains of a medieval moat and the farm outbuildings contain walls and fragments of the medieval manor house. The farmhouse and outbuildings are Grade II listed buildings and the whole site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Holmside New Hall, sometimes known as Little Holmside, is a nearby 17th-century house one time home of the Whittingham family.", "Neither Quorn nor Swithland receive an entry, and the Buddon brook valley, along with much of eastern Charnwood, fell within the Manor of Barrow. In the centuries that followed the arrival of Norman lords, some eleven deer parks were established around Charnwood Forest, by the various manorial lords. Barrow Park is first documented in 1135. An almost circular park with Buddon Brook running north-south though its middle. Substantial banks and ditches enclosed an area intended to preserve deer for hunting, and would also have provided timber and other resources of a medieval manor. The northern half of the reservoir lies within Barrow Park, as does the whole of Buddon Wood, and the bank and ditch remain well preserved both around the south-eastern edge of the wood and within the silt of the reservoir floor, as was seen when it was drained in 1976. Also visible in the silt is a moated medieval park-keeper's house site, with several fishponds alongside. Unusually for a medieval manor, its history hinged on four sisters, who each inherited a part of Barrow Manor when their father Roger de Sumery died in 1273. Amongst the parcels of land each daughter inherited was a part of Barrow Park, or as it was becoming known, Quorndon Park, as the newer settlement grew up along the park's northern boundary. With each of the daughters married to landowners elsewhere, the park and other lands in Barrow were sold and exchanged in small parcels, but by the fourteenth century were mainly split between two big landowners, the Despenser and Erdington Families. With the disgrace and execution Hugh Despenser in 1326, his estates, now part of the manor of Beaumanor, passed to the Beaumonts.", "Bradley (house)  Bradley is a medieval manor house in the parish of Kingsteignton, Devon, England. It is set amongst woodland and meadows in the valley of the River Lemon about a half mile to the west of Newton Abbot. The house is now in the ownership of the National Trust. Bradley is one of the smaller manor houses of the early fifteenth century, and has the advantage of having a contemporary chapel detached from the main house. The architect may have been influenced by Dartington Hall, some six miles to the south. Interesting features include the missing gatehouse, the interior of the chapel, the fenestration of the east front and the wall paintings. The house is one of the most complete medieval manor houses in Devon. Much of it is the creation of Richard and Joan Yarde who owned it from 1402. On the walls of an upstairs room is preserved a late medieval pattern of stencilled black fleur-de-lys. The great hall is emblazoned with the royal arms of Elizabeth I, and there are a number of other rare features. There was a gatehouse until the mid nineteenth century when it was demolished. The woods surrounding the house have been designated as a SSSI, being a fine example of natural limestone woodland. The chapel was consecrated in 1428 and is just . It is a simple building with a stone altar, a fine east window, a tiny gallery and the original wagon-shaped braced-collar roof. It was desecrated in the Protestant Reformation and later used in different periods as a poultry house, a billiard room, a dining room and a barn. The roof was restored in 1993. The house contains a collection of Pre-Raphaelite art and Arts and Crafts furniture.", "Ut\u00f6 hus Ut\u00f6 hus (sometimes Ut\u00f6hus, literally in Swedish \"Ut\u00f6 house\") is a medieval manor on Arn\u00f6 island in lake M\u00e4laren in Uppland, Sweden. The manor is mentioned in written sources for the first time in beginning of the 15th century. At the time, it belonged to the Schack family. In the 1630s, the estate was merged with neighbouring estate of Gr\u00f6ns\u00f6 Manor when the Chancellor of Uppsala University Johan Skytte (1577\u20131645) married Maria N\u00e4f. The building was repaired circa 1740 and occasionally inhabited until the 1840s, when it was transformed into a storage. In 1937 the building was donated to the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities by Alice von Ehrenheim. The manor is a well-preserved, rectangular medieval manor house with crow-stepped gables. It consists of a cellar, two proper floors and two attic floors. The current division of rooms seems to date from the first half of the 17th century."], "answer": {"text": "manor lands", "answer_start": 973}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the history of Manorialism?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did that mean", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why are they apparent", "answer": {"text": "In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor,", "answer_start": 803, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was arounf the manor", "answer": {"text": "while the manor lands stretched away outside,", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2e9481f5089249deb2dbb4c50e8ef1e3_1_q#0", "question": "Who was Mirage Comics?", "rewrite": "Who was Mirage Comics?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When Karai attempted to reclaim leadership of the Foot and Jennika refused to join her side, she stabbed Jennika and blocked off access to the hospital. In a desperate effort to save her, Leonardo transferred his blood to her to heal her, but mutated her into a turtle in the process. Natsu is a young woman who was originally apart of the Yakuza until Karai took over. Ocho is a female Yokai mole who was guarding a magical sword. Cha Ocho is a member of the Foot in the Mirage Comics. The Shredder Clones are the Clones of the Shredder the trio are Claw Shredder, a claw monster clone of Shredder, The Mini-Shredder a small clone, and the Shiva Shredder a hulking brute with four arms. The first appeared in the Mirage Comics. The Shredder Clones appear in the 2003 series and the in the 2012 series. Krang is an alien warlord that comes from Dimension X in several incarnations of the series, while the 2012 cartoon series featured them as a race-here called the Kraang-who sought to conquer Earth for use as a colony world. Ch'rell is a villainous utrom that first appeared in the 2003 series as the Utrom Shredder impersonating Oroku Saki. Ch'rell made a cameo in the Mirage Comics as a bevenolent utrom. Ch'rell appears as a major villain in the IDW comics. He was the right-hand of Krang and was imprisoned in stasis until he was freed by the remaining followers of Krang. Hi-Tech, occasionally referred to as the Hi-Tech, is a humanoid Arthropod alien and Dregg's second in command.", "General Gato (voiced by Fred Tatasciore) cat-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. General Mono (voiced by Vocal Effects) ape-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. General Serpiente (voiced by Paula Mattioli) snake-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. The Dragon lord is a villain In the live action series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation he served as the primary villain. Go Komodo appears in the Image comics vol 3 of the Mirage comics. King Komodo is an evil mutant Komodo Dragon the enemy of Turtles and a servant of the Go Komodo. Savanti Romero is a former servant of Lord Simlulatos and an enemy of Renet. He appears in the Mirage and IDW Comics. In the 2003 series Romero appears in three episodes. In the 2012 series Romero is much more comedic than his 2003 counterpart. Null is a demon that appears as an antagonist in the archie comics as Mr. Null while in the IDW comics Null is female. Maligna is the mother and queen of the Malignoids she appears as one of the antagonists of the Archie comics and later appears in the IDW comics. Adversary was a demon from the Mirage Comics. Chi-You is a member of the Pantheon and was a villain in the Ghostbusters/TMNT crossover. Triceratons are recurring antagonists in the TMNT franchise. Triceratons appear in the Fuigtoid mini series before the turtles until the Triceratons were added in the Mirage Comics. The Triceratons appeared in only one episode in the 1987 series. The Triceratons appeared in the Archie comics as recurring villains. The Triceratons appear in the 2003 series as recurring villains. The Triceratons later appeared in the 2012 series.", "The Foot Lieutenaut appears as member of the Foot Clan in the Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The Foot Brute is a member of the Foot in the Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Khan is a member of the Foot in the 2003 series. Oroku Nagi is the older brother of the Shredder in the Mirage Comics. Lin is a female member of the Foot Clan in the Mirage comics. Pimiko is the daughter of Shredder from the Mirage Comics. Koya is a mutant brown falcon. In the IDW comics, Koya was the pet brown falcon of the Shredder who was used for reconnaissance. Following the \"City Fall\" storyline in the IDW Comics, Koya later mutated into a humanoid form. She ambushes the Turtles and their friends at April's parents' farmhouse during the Northampton storyline. Koya is expressive and is excited and eager to hunt down her prey. Bludgeon is a mutant hammerhead shark who appeared in the IDW comic \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" issue 37. He was created by the Shredder and used alongside Koya as the contingency plan to attack Krang while in the Atlantic Ocean aboard Krang's ship in the event that a deal can't be made between Shredder and Krang. Jennika is a young female assassin from the Foot. She was arrested at a young age for robbery after running away from home and befriended a Foot ninja in prison. After she escaped, she swore loyalty to the Foot. After Shredder's death, she distrusted Splinter as the new Foot leader and attempted to assasinate him with the Street Phantoms, but was defeated and begun to change her ways after Splinter spared her life and became his chunin.", "He and the other turtles along with Casey and April are seen through a portal by their 2012 counterparts walking on a road and he made a speaking cameo along with the other turtles at the end of the episode when a space worm from the 2012 dimension started terrorizing the street. All four turtles see the worm and spring into action while shouting their famous catchphrase, 'Cowabunga'. Townsend Coleman reprised his role as Michelangelo for the cameo. This would mark the first time in over 28 years the 1987 TMNT cast would return to their roles. With exception of Rob Paulsen who returned to the TMNT franchise as Donatello in the 2012 series. The 1987 turtles also had a crossover with the 2012 turtles in the season 4 episode, \"Trans-Dimensional Turtles\". In the live action series, \"\", as well as the crossover episode of \"Power Rangers in Space\", Michelangelo was played by Jarred Blancard, and voiced by Kirby Morrow. In the 2003 TV series, Michelangelo is voiced by Wayne Grayson. Known as 'Mikey' to his brothers, his personality is more akin to the Mirage comics than the 1987 show. Still the comic relief, he often makes statements that spoof pop culture, although he uses less surfer slang than in the 1987 cartoon. His trademark nunchaku are once again his primary weapon, but he has used other weapons such as grappling hooks and those of his brothers. He is slightly more immature than in the Mirage comics-particularly apparent by a high-pitched scream. Unlike other incarnations, he was often more reluctant to fight and he often likes to tease and annoy his older brothers, especially Raphael, for whom Michelangelo is the foil.", "The series originally aired in the US on 4Kids. The show (excluding season 5 and Turtles Forever) aired in the Republic of Ireland on RTE Two from 17 September 2003 to 2010. The series was met with critical acclaim throughout its first five seasons, and is regarded as the most faithful \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" animated series to date. Currently holding a 7.7/10 on IMDb and an 8.8/10 on TV.com. The praise went towards the storytelling, darker tone, humor, character development, the theme song, background musics, animation and appeal to all ages. 4Kids was known for its controversial history of censoring anime, but the series was a most popular and critically for trying to follow the dark and gritty tone of the original Mirage comics. However, due to 4Kids having to keep their ratings under PG, the last two seasons of series, \"Fast Forward\" and \"Back to the Sewer\", received mixed to negative reviews from critics and fans. Several of the characters introduced in the series would later appear in subsequent publications of the TMNT franchise. Hun was introduced into the Mirage Comics with the issue \"Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" Volume 2 #56 in March 2009, and also appears as a recurring figure in the IDW comic series and in the 2012 animated series, as does Agent Bishop. Angel, Ch'rell, Darius Dun and the Street Phantoms would also be featured in the IDW comics, and the Triceraton Mozar as an antagonist during season 4 of the 2012 series."], "answer": {"text": "In the original Mirage Comics storyline for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, April O'Neil was a skilled computer programmer", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2e9481f5089249deb2dbb4c50e8ef1e3_1_q#1", "question": "What year did Teenage Mutant Turtles some out?", "rewrite": "What year did Teenage Mutant Turtles some out?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ryan Brown (comics) Ryan Brown (born May 2, 1962) is a comic book writer and artist and toy designer best known for his work on \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". Ryan Brown is a 1980 graduate of Norwayne High School. Brown began inking the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" in 1985 and continued until 1988, when he and partner Steve Lavigne began producing artwork for licensed TMNT products. Brown worked primarily as inker over Lavigne's pencils. As a Mirage Studios staff artist, Brown designed the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figure Farmer Mike for Playmates Toys. According to credits included on the back of turtles action figures Brown also created Hothead, Scratch, Monty Moose, King Lionheart, Halfcourt, Wyrm, Scumbug, Leatherhead, Doctor El, Wingnut, Ray Fillet, Sandstorm, Mondo Gecko and Rock'N Roll Mondo Gecko. Brown's comic book series, The Selected is populated with his old unused TMNT toy designs. Brown created Ninja April O'Neil in a 1985 pin-up published in the fourth printing of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #1. He would later bring his interpretation of the character to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures title published by Archie comics. Scratch and Farmer Mike are un-credited on the back of the toy packaging, but Brown has confirmed at different convention appearances that he did create the cat burglar as well as designed Farmer Mike. In the late 1980s, Brown, with partner Stephen Murphy, created the Archie \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures\" universe for Mirage Studios. The team of Brown and Murphy created the Mighty Mutanimals as a spin-off of the Adventures title. Brown inked over 80 covers for the Archie \"TMNT Adventures\" title. His character Motorhead appeared in an issue of \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Magazine\".", "Bog Swamp Demon The Bog Swamp Demon is a swamp monster that first appeared in the pages of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comic book series. His adventures are chronicled in issues #4 through #12 of Volume 2 of the Mirage Studios title. He is one of the many comic book swamp creatures from various publishers based on the archetype established by Theodore Sturgeon's \"It!\" Bog fought a horde of demons summoned by a coven of harpy-witch sisters living in the swamp. The demons took human form to do their dirty deeds but, being a demon himself, Bog saw them for what they really were and promptly dispatched them. Bog killed one of the witch sister's thus prompting the remaining two to conjure help from hell. The demon Bathym answered their call only to be killed by Bog who lured him to hallowed ground, a swamp-side cemetery, where he impaled the demon beast on a tombstone. For some reason the story segments are out of sequence in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comic books. A paragraph on the inside front cover of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles volume 2 number ten addresses this but offers no explanation. Part one of Bog begins in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles volume 2 number six then skips an issue and resumes with issue eight but omits Bog part 2, printing instead Bog installment number 3. Bog part two then appears in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles volume 2 number ten instead of issue nine. Things get back in order with Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles volume 2 number eleven which prints Bog part four and finally the Bog Swamp Demon story concludes in issue number twelve of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles volume 2 title. Bog would go on to get his own horror series from Hall of Heroes with award-winning \"Swamp Thing\" artist Steve Bissette illustrating the covers for the 4-issue run. Ethan Van Sciver contributes to the series by illustrating a special alternative cover for issue one.", "Rat King (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) The Rat King is a fictional character from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles multimedia franchise. The character was created by Jim Lawson and first appeared in the comic \"Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" #4 written by Jim Lawson and has made various appearances since, in the comic books and other media, such as animated series' and video games. The Rat King was born and raised in Boston and later migrated to New York, he remains one of the more enigmatic characters in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, with various appearances depicting him as either a villain, a neutral character and even an ally of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The Rat King has distinguishable attire, which consists of filthy, tattered rags and, most prominently, various bandages covering his body. The Rat King has apparent telepathic influence over rats. In the Mirage Studios Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics, the Rat King makes his first appearance in \"Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" #4 as the story's main antagonist. After residing in a swamp for several months, the Rat King (who remains unnamed until the end of the issue) decides to venture into a nearby abandoned industrial park and use it as shelter against the oncoming winter. There, the Rat King happens upon the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and their friend Casey Jones, who had come to the industrial park to train. Believing the Turtles and Casey to be other \"monsters\" who wish to take his territory, the Rat King proceeds to stalk them throughout the park, even capturing Michelangelo and leaving him to be devoured by the rats (Michelangelo later escapes). The Rat King is eventually defeated by Leonardo who, in a duel with the Rat King, flings several shurikens at him, which knock him off balance, sending him plummeting into the bowels of a silo.", "The half-hour episodes were produced by Osamu Yoshioka and the animation was directed by Yoshikatsu Kasai from scripts David Wise and Patti Howeth. The mini-series was successful, leading to a full series, with the mini-series forming the first season. The series had a 9-year, 10-season, 193-episode run. Bob Burden writes: In January 1988, Eastman and Laird visited Playmates Toys, who wished to market action figures based on the comic book and animated cartoon series, further cementing the Turtles' place in history and making Eastman and Laird extremely successful. Multiple other \"Turtles\" comics, toys, books, games, and other merchandising items have subsequently appeared, overseen and sometimes fully created by Eastman and Laird. Among these are five live-action films: \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (1990), \"\" (1991), \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III\" (1993), \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (2014), and \"\" (2016), with Eastman making a brief cameo in the latter. Four more television series were also created: \"\" (1997), \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (2003), \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" (2012), in which Eastman wrote the fifth season episode \"Lone Rat and Cubs\", and \"Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". There was also an animated feature film, \"TMNT\" (2007). Creative differences began to strain Eastman and Laird's partnership. In an interview in 2002, Laird noted that the two hadn't spent much time together since 1993. Eastman moved to California while Laird stayed in Massachusetts. On June 1, 2000 Laird and the Mirage Group purchased Eastman's ownership in the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" property and corporations. Eastman wanted to move on to other projects.", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Danger of the Ooze  Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Danger of the Ooze is a 2.5D platform video game developed by WayForward Technologies and published by Activision. It is the second video game based on the 2012 \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" TV series and features elements from the show's second and third seasons. It was released as a sequel to the 2013 game \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". The game also features gameplay elements and homages to the 1989 \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" NES game. The digital versions of the game, alongside other \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" games published by Activision, were pulled from all digital storefronts in January 2017 when the rights expired and they chose not to renew the license. The Nintendo 3DS version was later bundled on a single cartridge with \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" and was released as \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Master Splinter's Training Pack\" on November 3, 2015, by Abstraction Games. The game was announced by Activision on September 4, 2014. It was released for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on October 28, 2014, while the Nintendo 3DS version was later released on November 11, 2014, in order to better adapt the graphics. Due to sound limitations, the music on the 3DS version is less synthesized compared to the console versions. The game was given generally mixed reviews by critics and fans, though they were still more positive compared to its predecessor. IGN gave it a 5/10 score, calling it \"generic and lifeless\", but praising the solid, although rudimentary, level design and the exploration elements. Games Asylum gave the game a positive 6/10, praising the gameplay style and fan service, even thought it was made in a distinctly limited budget, and considering it an evolvement over the previous Activision-made TMNT games."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Mirage Comics?", "answer": {"text": "In the original Mirage Comics storyline for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, April O'Neil was a skilled computer programmer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2e9481f5089249deb2dbb4c50e8ef1e3_1_q#2", "question": "Did Mirage Comics make any other comics?", "rewrite": "Did Mirage Comics make any other comics other than Teenage Mutant Turtles?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series) Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (also known as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Animated Series) is an American animated television series, based on the fictional superhero team of the same name. The series is a first reboot of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The series is mainly set in New York City. It first aired on February 8, 2003 and ended on March 7, 2009. The series marked the revival of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles as a Saturday-morning cartoon. It first aired on Fox's Fox Box programming block (later known as 4Kids TV), before moving to The CW's The CW4Kids for its last season. \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" was announced in May 2002 and produced by 4Kids Entertainment and Mirage Studios, which co-owned rights to the show and animated by Dong Woo Animation. After buying the TMNT franchise in October 2009, Viacom now owns the rights to the 2003 series. Reruns of the series began airing on the Pluto TV channel May 2, 2019. In the 2003 TV series the first five seasons, the four Turtles' personalities are in some ways different from the 1987 TV series in an attempt to follow the Mirage Comics versions of the characters more closely. All the characters are more complex individuals and the Turtles also have a stronger family bond. The tone is also somewhat more serious with a greater emphasis on action, but still remains lighthearted and less violent enough to be considered appropriate for younger audiences. The show does not feature nearly as much slapstick comedy or heavy puns as its animated predecessor. The 2003 series also features stories with magical powers, usually absent from the earlier animated incarnation. Michelangelo is now the wise guy of the group. He is funny, cocky, lazy, and likes to pull pranks on his brothers. Raphael is bit more grumpy (sometimes explosive).", "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Manhattan Missions Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Manhattan Missions is a 1991 PC (MS-DOS) game featuring the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The goal of the game is to complete a number of missions, consisting of levels divided into screens, culminating in a final battle with The Shredder. The gameplay is similar to the original \"Prince of Persia\", as characters switch between free movement and melee fighting stances in a two-dimensional platformer environment. In between missions the Turtles can rest, regaining lost hit points, but the player only has a limited amount of time in which to find the Shredder. The game is designed to be played with a keyboard, and utilizes a key to switch between walking and fighting modes. Each Turtle has the ability to arm and withdraw his weapon. Each Turtle wields his signature weapon and a number of shuriken. Holding the enter key makes the Turtles attack, and the spacebar is used to block enemy attacks based on which arrow key is held. \"Manhattan Missions\" is notable for its more mature tone and setting than other TMNT games of its time. The game greatly draws upon the original Mirage comics and theatrical films, unlike other contemporary TMNT games which were mostly based on the 1987 TV series. The opening story is loosely based on the story from the original \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" #1. Indeed, the game's title screen is almost an exact reproduction of the splash page from the second and third pages of \"TMNT\" #1. Other elements from the Mirage comics and films include Shredder's red outfit from the first film and base from the comic's \"Return to New York\" storyline; the Foot Clan designs; the Triceratons; Master Splinter's appearance; and the inclusion of Tatsu, a character created for the films; and major references to the Mafia.", "General Gato (voiced by Fred Tatasciore) cat-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. General Mono (voiced by Vocal Effects) ape-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. General Serpiente (voiced by Paula Mattioli) snake-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. The Dragon lord is a villain In the live action series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation he served as the primary villain. Go Komodo appears in the Image comics vol 3 of the Mirage comics. King Komodo is an evil mutant Komodo Dragon the enemy of Turtles and a servant of the Go Komodo. Savanti Romero is a former servant of Lord Simlulatos and an enemy of Renet. He appears in the Mirage and IDW Comics. In the 2003 series Romero appears in three episodes. In the 2012 series Romero is much more comedic than his 2003 counterpart. Null is a demon that appears as an antagonist in the archie comics as Mr. Null while in the IDW comics Null is female. Maligna is the mother and queen of the Malignoids she appears as one of the antagonists of the Archie comics and later appears in the IDW comics. Adversary was a demon from the Mirage Comics. Chi-You is a member of the Pantheon and was a villain in the Ghostbusters/TMNT crossover. Triceratons are recurring antagonists in the TMNT franchise. Triceratons appear in the Fuigtoid mini series before the turtles until the Triceratons were added in the Mirage Comics. The Triceratons appeared in only one episode in the 1987 series. The Triceratons appeared in the Archie comics as recurring villains. The Triceratons appear in the 2003 series as recurring villains. The Triceratons later appeared in the 2012 series.", "The Foot Lieutenaut appears as member of the Foot Clan in the Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The Foot Brute is a member of the Foot in the Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Khan is a member of the Foot in the 2003 series. Oroku Nagi is the older brother of the Shredder in the Mirage Comics. Lin is a female member of the Foot Clan in the Mirage comics. Pimiko is the daughter of Shredder from the Mirage Comics. Koya is a mutant brown falcon. In the IDW comics, Koya was the pet brown falcon of the Shredder who was used for reconnaissance. Following the \"City Fall\" storyline in the IDW Comics, Koya later mutated into a humanoid form. She ambushes the Turtles and their friends at April's parents' farmhouse during the Northampton storyline. Koya is expressive and is excited and eager to hunt down her prey. Bludgeon is a mutant hammerhead shark who appeared in the IDW comic \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" issue 37. He was created by the Shredder and used alongside Koya as the contingency plan to attack Krang while in the Atlantic Ocean aboard Krang's ship in the event that a deal can't be made between Shredder and Krang. Jennika is a young female assassin from the Foot. She was arrested at a young age for robbery after running away from home and befriended a Foot ninja in prison. After she escaped, she swore loyalty to the Foot. After Shredder's death, she distrusted Splinter as the new Foot leader and attempted to assasinate him with the Street Phantoms, but was defeated and begun to change her ways after Splinter spared her life and became his chunin.", "Ryan Brown (comics) Ryan Brown (born May 2, 1962) is a comic book writer and artist and toy designer best known for his work on \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\". Ryan Brown is a 1980 graduate of Norwayne High School. Brown began inking the \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" in 1985 and continued until 1988, when he and partner Steve Lavigne began producing artwork for licensed TMNT products. Brown worked primarily as inker over Lavigne's pencils. As a Mirage Studios staff artist, Brown designed the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles action figure Farmer Mike for Playmates Toys. According to credits included on the back of turtles action figures Brown also created Hothead, Scratch, Monty Moose, King Lionheart, Halfcourt, Wyrm, Scumbug, Leatherhead, Doctor El, Wingnut, Ray Fillet, Sandstorm, Mondo Gecko and Rock'N Roll Mondo Gecko. Brown's comic book series, The Selected is populated with his old unused TMNT toy designs. Brown created Ninja April O'Neil in a 1985 pin-up published in the fourth printing of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #1. He would later bring his interpretation of the character to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures title published by Archie comics. Scratch and Farmer Mike are un-credited on the back of the toy packaging, but Brown has confirmed at different convention appearances that he did create the cat burglar as well as designed Farmer Mike. In the late 1980s, Brown, with partner Stephen Murphy, created the Archie \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures\" universe for Mirage Studios. The team of Brown and Murphy created the Mighty Mutanimals as a spin-off of the Adventures title. Brown inked over 80 covers for the Archie \"TMNT Adventures\" title. His character Motorhead appeared in an issue of \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Magazine\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Mirage Comics?", "answer": {"text": "In the original Mirage Comics storyline for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, April O'Neil was a skilled computer programmer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did Teenage Mutant Turtles some out?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2e9481f5089249deb2dbb4c50e8ef1e3_1_q#3", "question": "How many series did they make?", "rewrite": "How many series did Mirage Comics make?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When Karai attempted to reclaim leadership of the Foot and Jennika refused to join her side, she stabbed Jennika and blocked off access to the hospital. In a desperate effort to save her, Leonardo transferred his blood to her to heal her, but mutated her into a turtle in the process. Natsu is a young woman who was originally apart of the Yakuza until Karai took over. Ocho is a female Yokai mole who was guarding a magical sword. Cha Ocho is a member of the Foot in the Mirage Comics. The Shredder Clones are the Clones of the Shredder the trio are Claw Shredder, a claw monster clone of Shredder, The Mini-Shredder a small clone, and the Shiva Shredder a hulking brute with four arms. The first appeared in the Mirage Comics. The Shredder Clones appear in the 2003 series and the in the 2012 series. Krang is an alien warlord that comes from Dimension X in several incarnations of the series, while the 2012 cartoon series featured them as a race-here called the Kraang-who sought to conquer Earth for use as a colony world. Ch'rell is a villainous utrom that first appeared in the 2003 series as the Utrom Shredder impersonating Oroku Saki. Ch'rell made a cameo in the Mirage Comics as a bevenolent utrom. Ch'rell appears as a major villain in the IDW comics. He was the right-hand of Krang and was imprisoned in stasis until he was freed by the remaining followers of Krang. Hi-Tech, occasionally referred to as the Hi-Tech, is a humanoid Arthropod alien and Dregg's second in command.", "The Foot Lieutenaut appears as member of the Foot Clan in the Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The Foot Brute is a member of the Foot in the Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Khan is a member of the Foot in the 2003 series. Oroku Nagi is the older brother of the Shredder in the Mirage Comics. Lin is a female member of the Foot Clan in the Mirage comics. Pimiko is the daughter of Shredder from the Mirage Comics. Koya is a mutant brown falcon. In the IDW comics, Koya was the pet brown falcon of the Shredder who was used for reconnaissance. Following the \"City Fall\" storyline in the IDW Comics, Koya later mutated into a humanoid form. She ambushes the Turtles and their friends at April's parents' farmhouse during the Northampton storyline. Koya is expressive and is excited and eager to hunt down her prey. Bludgeon is a mutant hammerhead shark who appeared in the IDW comic \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" issue 37. He was created by the Shredder and used alongside Koya as the contingency plan to attack Krang while in the Atlantic Ocean aboard Krang's ship in the event that a deal can't be made between Shredder and Krang. Jennika is a young female assassin from the Foot. She was arrested at a young age for robbery after running away from home and befriended a Foot ninja in prison. After she escaped, she swore loyalty to the Foot. After Shredder's death, she distrusted Splinter as the new Foot leader and attempted to assasinate him with the Street Phantoms, but was defeated and begun to change her ways after Splinter spared her life and became his chunin.", "Becoming the Rat King, the man challenges Splinter to a battle, which he loses after a long fight. With the Rat King defeated, Splinter is offered a chance to take his place in the Pantheon, which he refuses. Accepting Splinter's decision, the Pantheon and Rat King leave, though not before stating that Splinter will be offered membership in the Pantheon one more time, at the moment of his death. Despite being a minor character in the Mirage comics at the time of its initial airing, the Rat King (voiced by Townsend Coleman) is featured as a recurring character in the 1987 \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" animated series, being one of the few villains from the Mirage comics to make the transition into the cartoon (the others being the Shredder, The Foot Clan, the Triceratons, and Dr. Stockman). The cartoon counterpart of the Rat King was somewhat inconsistent in some regards to his comic version, being shown with blonde or orange hair instead of black and having a slightly altered costume; his first few appearances on the show also had him controlling rats with a flute ( \u00e0 la The Pied Piper of Hamelin) instead of his mind as in later episodes. Even Splinter was affected by the music and almost killed the TMNT in a fight. The cartoon version of the Rat King was also depicted as highly intelligent, shown to be able to create such things as various chemical concoctions and bombs. In the series, the Rat King is shown as a homeless man living in a dilapidated portion of the New York City sewer system near the Turtles and Splinter. In episodes featuring him, the Rat King would often enact some sort of plot to establish his own rat-controlled government and bring human rule to an end, believing that rats (which he counted himself as) were superior to all other species, whom he described as \"inferior non-rodents.\"", "General Gato (voiced by Fred Tatasciore) cat-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. General Mono (voiced by Vocal Effects) ape-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. General Serpiente (voiced by Paula Mattioli) snake-themed armoured general of Yaotl's Brotherhood. The Dragon lord is a villain In the live action series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation he served as the primary villain. Go Komodo appears in the Image comics vol 3 of the Mirage comics. King Komodo is an evil mutant Komodo Dragon the enemy of Turtles and a servant of the Go Komodo. Savanti Romero is a former servant of Lord Simlulatos and an enemy of Renet. He appears in the Mirage and IDW Comics. In the 2003 series Romero appears in three episodes. In the 2012 series Romero is much more comedic than his 2003 counterpart. Null is a demon that appears as an antagonist in the archie comics as Mr. Null while in the IDW comics Null is female. Maligna is the mother and queen of the Malignoids she appears as one of the antagonists of the Archie comics and later appears in the IDW comics. Adversary was a demon from the Mirage Comics. Chi-You is a member of the Pantheon and was a villain in the Ghostbusters/TMNT crossover. Triceratons are recurring antagonists in the TMNT franchise. Triceratons appear in the Fuigtoid mini series before the turtles until the Triceratons were added in the Mirage Comics. The Triceratons appeared in only one episode in the 1987 series. The Triceratons appeared in the Archie comics as recurring villains. The Triceratons appear in the 2003 series as recurring villains. The Triceratons later appeared in the 2012 series.", "The series originally aired in the US on 4Kids. The show (excluding season 5 and Turtles Forever) aired in the Republic of Ireland on RTE Two from 17 September 2003 to 2010. The series was met with critical acclaim throughout its first five seasons, and is regarded as the most faithful \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" animated series to date. Currently holding a 7.7/10 on IMDb and an 8.8/10 on TV.com. The praise went towards the storytelling, darker tone, humor, character development, the theme song, background musics, animation and appeal to all ages. 4Kids was known for its controversial history of censoring anime, but the series was a most popular and critically for trying to follow the dark and gritty tone of the original Mirage comics. However, due to 4Kids having to keep their ratings under PG, the last two seasons of series, \"Fast Forward\" and \"Back to the Sewer\", received mixed to negative reviews from critics and fans. Several of the characters introduced in the series would later appear in subsequent publications of the TMNT franchise. Hun was introduced into the Mirage Comics with the issue \"Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" Volume 2 #56 in March 2009, and also appears as a recurring figure in the IDW comic series and in the 2012 animated series, as does Agent Bishop. Angel, Ch'rell, Darius Dun and the Street Phantoms would also be featured in the IDW comics, and the Triceraton Mozar as an antagonist during season 4 of the 2012 series."], "answer": {"text": "In Volume 2 of the TMNT comics, April was attacked by a huge robot controlled by the brain of her former boss,", "answer_start": 1017}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Mirage Comics?", "answer": {"text": "In the original Mirage Comics storyline for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, April O'Neil was a skilled computer programmer", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did Teenage Mutant Turtles some out?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Mirage Comics make any other comics?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#0", "question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "rewrite": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He is quoted as saying in 1986: \"I didn't grow up with the Supremes... I grew up with the Shirelles. \" Dreamgirls\" isn't about any one group. It's a cavalcade of black Motown singers: the Shirelles, the Chiffons, Martha and the Vandellas, Little Richard and Stevie Wonder. All the characters are larger than life.\" Similarities between true life events and the plot of the musical include:   David Geffen, founder of Geffen Records and one of the play's financiers, leased the \"Dreamgirls\" film rights to Warner Bros. in the 1980s through his Geffen Pictures company. Although the film was announced several times, with singers such as Whitney Houston (as Deena), Lauryn Hill (another Deena candidate), and Kelly Price (as Effie) tapped to star, the studio eventually abandoned the project. Geffen eventually began development on the film at DreamWorks SKG, a company he co-founded, in 2004. Warner Bros., which controlled the film rights to \"Dreamgirls\", was also originally announced as a co-financier of the film, but before shooting began, Paramount Pictures stepped in as co-producer after Warner expressed concerns over the film's budget. Laurence Mark served as producer of the DreamWorks/Paramount adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", written and directed by Bill Condon, who had earned an Oscar nomination for his screenplay adaptation of \"Chicago\". The film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\" stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyonc\u00e9 as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie, Anika Noni Rose as Lorrell, and Keith Robinson as C.C..", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork.", "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture  Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served as producers and arrangers for the film's soundtrack, which is performed by the actors in the film, including Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Anika Noni Rose, Sharon Leal, Keith Robinson, and others. The soundtrack includes four new songs not present in the stage version of \"Dreamgirls\": \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", \"Patience\", and \"Perfect World\". \"Listen\" was released to radio the week of October 16 as the first official \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack single; the disco version of \"One Night Only\" was issued in late summer as a 12\" club single and as an exclusive download on iTunes. The \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack was nominated for the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, losing to The Beatles' \"Love\". \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", and \"Patience\" were all nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song. However, \"Love You I Do\" won the Grammy that same year for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "It was her first single release and it met with great success, topping the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In 1983, Holliday won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for the single. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was designed as the closing number of \"Dreamgirls\"' first act. Holliday's performance of the song, in a style owing much to gospel music singing traditions, was regularly staged to thunderous applause; it was hailed as the highlight of the show in several printed reviews of the musical. In his review of \"Dreamgirls' \"opening night performance, \"New York Times\" theatre critic Frank Rich referred to Holliday's \" And I Am Telling You\" as \"one of the most powerful theatrical coups to be found in a Broadway musical since Ethel Merman sang \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" at the end of Act I of \"\" \" \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going \" remains Holliday's signature song. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was recorded in 2006 by former \"American Idol\" contestant Jennifer Hudson, who portrayed Effie White in the DreamWorks/Paramount motion picture adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\". Her recording of the song, the \"Dreamgirls\" film soundtrack's second single, peaked at number 60 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 14 on the R&B chart. Hudson won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in \"Dreamgirls\"; she thanked Holliday in her acceptance speech. The song can be heard on her debut album \"Jennifer Hudson\" (2008).", "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album is the cast album for the original Broadway production of the musical \"Dreamgirls\", which debuted at the Imperial Theatre on December 20, 1981. The album was issued by David Geffen, a co-financier of the musical and later producer of its 2006 film adaptation, on his Geffen Records label during the winter of 1982. The \"Dreamgirls\" cast album features cast performances by the show's performers, including Jennifer Holliday, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, Ben Harney, Cleavant Derricks, Obba Babatund\u00e9, and Vondie Curtis-Hall. The cast album includes highlights from the musical's score; many numbers were truncated or excised in order to fit onto one long-playing vinyl record. A 2006 special edition remastered version, issued to tie-in with both the musical's 25th anniversary and the DreamWorks/Paramount-produced \"Dreamgirls\" feature film adaptation, adds three previously unissued tracks from the original recording sessions. Also included is a bonus disc featuring instrumental mixes (prepared for personal appearances by the cast) and a dance version of the musical's signature number, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Pop music producer David Foster served as producer of the cast album, which peaked at #11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while peaking at #4 on Billboard's Black Albums Chart. It is the highest charting Broadway Cast Recording in history on the Billboard 200. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6114223/idina-menzels-ifthen-scores-show-stopping-chart-debut"], "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#1", "question": "Where was the premiere?", "rewrite": "Where was the premiere of Dreamgirls in 2006?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was her first single release and it met with great success, topping the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In 1983, Holliday won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for the single. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was designed as the closing number of \"Dreamgirls\"' first act. Holliday's performance of the song, in a style owing much to gospel music singing traditions, was regularly staged to thunderous applause; it was hailed as the highlight of the show in several printed reviews of the musical. In his review of \"Dreamgirls' \"opening night performance, \"New York Times\" theatre critic Frank Rich referred to Holliday's \" And I Am Telling You\" as \"one of the most powerful theatrical coups to be found in a Broadway musical since Ethel Merman sang \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" at the end of Act I of \"\" \" \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going \" remains Holliday's signature song. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was recorded in 2006 by former \"American Idol\" contestant Jennifer Hudson, who portrayed Effie White in the DreamWorks/Paramount motion picture adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\". Her recording of the song, the \"Dreamgirls\" film soundtrack's second single, peaked at number 60 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 14 on the R&B chart. Hudson won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in \"Dreamgirls\"; she thanked Holliday in her acceptance speech. The song can be heard on her debut album \"Jennifer Hudson\" (2008).", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork.", "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture  Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served as producers and arrangers for the film's soundtrack, which is performed by the actors in the film, including Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Anika Noni Rose, Sharon Leal, Keith Robinson, and others. The soundtrack includes four new songs not present in the stage version of \"Dreamgirls\": \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", \"Patience\", and \"Perfect World\". \"Listen\" was released to radio the week of October 16 as the first official \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack single; the disco version of \"One Night Only\" was issued in late summer as a 12\" club single and as an exclusive download on iTunes. The \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack was nominated for the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, losing to The Beatles' \"Love\". \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", and \"Patience\" were all nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song. However, \"Love You I Do\" won the Grammy that same year for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album is the cast album for the original Broadway production of the musical \"Dreamgirls\", which debuted at the Imperial Theatre on December 20, 1981. The album was issued by David Geffen, a co-financier of the musical and later producer of its 2006 film adaptation, on his Geffen Records label during the winter of 1982. The \"Dreamgirls\" cast album features cast performances by the show's performers, including Jennifer Holliday, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, Ben Harney, Cleavant Derricks, Obba Babatund\u00e9, and Vondie Curtis-Hall. The cast album includes highlights from the musical's score; many numbers were truncated or excised in order to fit onto one long-playing vinyl record. A 2006 special edition remastered version, issued to tie-in with both the musical's 25th anniversary and the DreamWorks/Paramount-produced \"Dreamgirls\" feature film adaptation, adds three previously unissued tracks from the original recording sessions. Also included is a bonus disc featuring instrumental mixes (prepared for personal appearances by the cast) and a dance version of the musical's signature number, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Pop music producer David Foster served as producer of the cast album, which peaked at #11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while peaking at #4 on Billboard's Black Albums Chart. It is the highest charting Broadway Cast Recording in history on the Billboard 200. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6114223/idina-menzels-ifthen-scores-show-stopping-chart-debut", "He is quoted as saying in 1986: \"I didn't grow up with the Supremes... I grew up with the Shirelles. \" Dreamgirls\" isn't about any one group. It's a cavalcade of black Motown singers: the Shirelles, the Chiffons, Martha and the Vandellas, Little Richard and Stevie Wonder. All the characters are larger than life.\" Similarities between true life events and the plot of the musical include:   David Geffen, founder of Geffen Records and one of the play's financiers, leased the \"Dreamgirls\" film rights to Warner Bros. in the 1980s through his Geffen Pictures company. Although the film was announced several times, with singers such as Whitney Houston (as Deena), Lauryn Hill (another Deena candidate), and Kelly Price (as Effie) tapped to star, the studio eventually abandoned the project. Geffen eventually began development on the film at DreamWorks SKG, a company he co-founded, in 2004. Warner Bros., which controlled the film rights to \"Dreamgirls\", was also originally announced as a co-financier of the film, but before shooting began, Paramount Pictures stepped in as co-producer after Warner expressed concerns over the film's budget. Laurence Mark served as producer of the DreamWorks/Paramount adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", written and directed by Bill Condon, who had earned an Oscar nomination for his screenplay adaptation of \"Chicago\". The film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\" stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyonc\u00e9 as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie, Anika Noni Rose as Lorrell, and Keith Robinson as C.C.."], "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#2", "question": "When was the official release of the movie?", "rewrite": "When was the official release of the movie Dreamgirls?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Spotlight (Jennifer Hudson song) \"Spotlight\" is an R&B song written and produced by Ne-Yo, and Norwegian production duo Stargate for Jennifer Hudson's self titled debut album. It was released digitally on June 10, 2008 as the album's first single, and reached the top thirty of the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Outside the States, the track has reached the top twenty in Turkey and the United Kingdom. The song received two Grammy Award nominations at the 2009 ceremony for Best R&B Song and Best Female R&B Vocal Performance. The video was voted 12th on \"BET: Notarized Top 100 videos of 2008\". The song received generally positive reviews. About.com said that \"If you were one of the people wondering if Jennifer Hudson could sustain her vocal energy, power and passion on a full album like she did in the role of Effie in the movie Dreamgirls and like she also does on the album's opening song and first single, \"Spotlight,\" then wonder no more: the answer's a definite yes. \"Spotlight\" exemplifies the album as a whole: it's got a strong, independent woman singing strongly about love and relationships. In this case, the song is about a controlling lover: \"If I'm just love's prisoner, then I'm bustin' out,\" she sings.\" AllHipHop said that \"\u201cSpotlight\u201d as catchy as it is was not debut single-worthy, and a brand new artist wouldn't have been looked at twice; but because it was Jennifer (and penned by Ne-Yo) attention was paid.\".", "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture  Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served as producers and arrangers for the film's soundtrack, which is performed by the actors in the film, including Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Anika Noni Rose, Sharon Leal, Keith Robinson, and others. The soundtrack includes four new songs not present in the stage version of \"Dreamgirls\": \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", \"Patience\", and \"Perfect World\". \"Listen\" was released to radio the week of October 16 as the first official \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack single; the disco version of \"One Night Only\" was issued in late summer as a 12\" club single and as an exclusive download on iTunes. The \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack was nominated for the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, losing to The Beatles' \"Love\". \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", and \"Patience\" were all nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song. However, \"Love You I Do\" won the Grammy that same year for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "Before Dark  Before Dark was an American R&B girl group that originated in the late 1990s. The group consisted of sisters Arike Rice and Jeni Rice Genzuk (AKA Jeni G.), and their friend Mia Wright (n\u00e9e Lee), all from South Central Los Angeles. The group released the album \"Daydreamin'\" on July 11, 2000 on the RCA Records label with a single called \"Baby\" featuring rapper Sol\u00e9. They also made a guest appearance on Tyrese's self-titled debut album. Later in 2000, the single \"Monica\" hit #77 on the Billboard Top 100 chart and #7 on the \"Billboard\" R&B sales chart. The group disbanded in 2001. Arike Rice was formerly a member of the 90's group The Voices when she was nine. She also appeared on the movie Dreamgirls as a member of 'The Stepp Sisters'. Mia Lee married basketball player Dorrell Wright in 2014. Lastly, Jeni G. became a writer and supervising producer for The CW/Black Entertainment Television series \"The Game\". She is currently a writer and a supervising producer of the American Broadcasting Company series \"Black-ish\", for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2016.", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork.", "Feelin' You (Bright song) \"Feelin' You\" is the fifth single by dance vocal band Bright, released under Rhythm Zone. The title track \"Feelin' You\" is a summer pop song. The song \"Still...\" is written by Megumi making it the first song written by a member of the group. \" Dream Girls\" is a cover of the well-known theme song for the musical and movie Dreamgirls."], "answer": {"text": "The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at", "answer_start": 121}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the premiere?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#3", "question": "Was it successful when it premiered?", "rewrite": "Was Dreamgirls successful when it premiered?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album is the cast album for the original Broadway production of the musical \"Dreamgirls\", which debuted at the Imperial Theatre on December 20, 1981. The album was issued by David Geffen, a co-financier of the musical and later producer of its 2006 film adaptation, on his Geffen Records label during the winter of 1982. The \"Dreamgirls\" cast album features cast performances by the show's performers, including Jennifer Holliday, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, Ben Harney, Cleavant Derricks, Obba Babatund\u00e9, and Vondie Curtis-Hall. The cast album includes highlights from the musical's score; many numbers were truncated or excised in order to fit onto one long-playing vinyl record. A 2006 special edition remastered version, issued to tie-in with both the musical's 25th anniversary and the DreamWorks/Paramount-produced \"Dreamgirls\" feature film adaptation, adds three previously unissued tracks from the original recording sessions. Also included is a bonus disc featuring instrumental mixes (prepared for personal appearances by the cast) and a dance version of the musical's signature number, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Pop music producer David Foster served as producer of the cast album, which peaked at #11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while peaking at #4 on Billboard's Black Albums Chart. It is the highest charting Broadway Cast Recording in history on the Billboard 200. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6114223/idina-menzels-ifthen-scores-show-stopping-chart-debut", "It was her first single release and it met with great success, topping the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In 1983, Holliday won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for the single. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was designed as the closing number of \"Dreamgirls\"' first act. Holliday's performance of the song, in a style owing much to gospel music singing traditions, was regularly staged to thunderous applause; it was hailed as the highlight of the show in several printed reviews of the musical. In his review of \"Dreamgirls' \"opening night performance, \"New York Times\" theatre critic Frank Rich referred to Holliday's \" And I Am Telling You\" as \"one of the most powerful theatrical coups to be found in a Broadway musical since Ethel Merman sang \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" at the end of Act I of \"\" \" \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going \" remains Holliday's signature song. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was recorded in 2006 by former \"American Idol\" contestant Jennifer Hudson, who portrayed Effie White in the DreamWorks/Paramount motion picture adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\". Her recording of the song, the \"Dreamgirls\" film soundtrack's second single, peaked at number 60 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 14 on the R&B chart. Hudson won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in \"Dreamgirls\"; she thanked Holliday in her acceptance speech. The song can be heard on her debut album \"Jennifer Hudson\" (2008).", "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture  Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served as producers and arrangers for the film's soundtrack, which is performed by the actors in the film, including Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Anika Noni Rose, Sharon Leal, Keith Robinson, and others. The soundtrack includes four new songs not present in the stage version of \"Dreamgirls\": \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", \"Patience\", and \"Perfect World\". \"Listen\" was released to radio the week of October 16 as the first official \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack single; the disco version of \"One Night Only\" was issued in late summer as a 12\" club single and as an exclusive download on iTunes. The \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack was nominated for the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, losing to The Beatles' \"Love\". \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", and \"Patience\" were all nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song. However, \"Love You I Do\" won the Grammy that same year for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "He is quoted as saying in 1986: \"I didn't grow up with the Supremes... I grew up with the Shirelles. \" Dreamgirls\" isn't about any one group. It's a cavalcade of black Motown singers: the Shirelles, the Chiffons, Martha and the Vandellas, Little Richard and Stevie Wonder. All the characters are larger than life.\" Similarities between true life events and the plot of the musical include:   David Geffen, founder of Geffen Records and one of the play's financiers, leased the \"Dreamgirls\" film rights to Warner Bros. in the 1980s through his Geffen Pictures company. Although the film was announced several times, with singers such as Whitney Houston (as Deena), Lauryn Hill (another Deena candidate), and Kelly Price (as Effie) tapped to star, the studio eventually abandoned the project. Geffen eventually began development on the film at DreamWorks SKG, a company he co-founded, in 2004. Warner Bros., which controlled the film rights to \"Dreamgirls\", was also originally announced as a co-financier of the film, but before shooting began, Paramount Pictures stepped in as co-producer after Warner expressed concerns over the film's budget. Laurence Mark served as producer of the DreamWorks/Paramount adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", written and directed by Bill Condon, who had earned an Oscar nomination for his screenplay adaptation of \"Chicago\". The film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\" stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyonc\u00e9 as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie, Anika Noni Rose as Lorrell, and Keith Robinson as C.C..", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork."], "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends.", "answer_start": 812}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the premiere?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the official release of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#4", "question": "Where were the roadshow engagements?", "rewrite": "Where were the roadshow engagements of Dreamgirls?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Only two films were made in Dimension 150 \u2013 \"\", directed by John Huston, and \"Patton\", starring George C. Scott. In some venues, however, Todd-AO and Dimension 150 films received their first run in Cinerama theatres in order that they be shown on a deeply curved screen \u2013 such as the first Atlanta showings of \"The Sound of Music\". Todd-AO films were closely associated with what was called roadshow exhibition. At the time, before multiplex theatres became common, most films opened at a large single screen theatre in the downtown area of each large city before eventually moving on to neighborhood theatres. With the roadshow concept, a film would play, often in 70 mm at a movie palace downtown theatre exclusively, sometimes for a year or more. Often a \"hard ticket\" policy was in effect, with tickets sold for specific numbered seats, and limited showings per day. Most Todd-AO films through the late 1960s, including \"Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines\" and \"The Sound of Music\", were initially shown on a roadshow basis. In some US cities, individual theaters were converted for use in the 1950s as dedicated Todd-AO \"Cinestage\" showplaces. These theaters showed exclusive roadshow engagements of Todd-AO and other 70 mm films on large, deeply curved screens. They included the Rivoli Theatre in New York City, the Cinestage Theatre in Chicago, and Hunt's Cinestage Theatre in Columbus, Ohio. The roadshow era ended in the early 1970s, although a very few films (among them \"Gandhi\") were shown in roadshow format after that. In the 1970s, under the leadership of Dr. Richard Vetter, Todd-AO made an attempt to compete with Panavision in the 35 mm motion picture camera rental market.", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork.", "Roadshow Entertainment Roadshow Entertainment (formerly Roadshow Home Video) is a division of the Australian media company Village Roadshow (formerly Roadshow Home Video and Roadshow Entertainment) that distributes films in Australia and New Zealand. Their first release was \"Mad Max\". Roadshow Entertainment is an independent video distributor in Australia and New Zealand. In 1982, Village Roadshow Entertainment was founded as Roadshow Home Video. Their first batch of movie titles, released on both VHS and Betamax format, were:  1983: Palace Films was started as a home video distributor between Roadshow, Blake Films and private investor Antony Veccola. In 1985, Roadshow Home Video became Village Roadshow Home Video and Premiere Home Entertainment was established. Veccola bought out the other company's stock of Palace and it ventured out into the film distribution business and opened a small number of art-house cinemas around Australia's main cities and became an independent company. Its home video release were still handled by Village Roadshow until the late 1990s. 1990: Applause Home Video and Video Selection Australia were established as a Village Roadshow label. 1993 : Village Roadshow Home Video becomes Village Roadshow Entertainment. Late 1990s: Palace home video distribution with Roadshow has been expired. In 1999, Roadshow started releasing DVDs. In 2008, Roadshow started releasing Blu-Rays. 2015 : Roadshow buys full rights for distributing Warner Films Greece titles rather than just those distributed by Village Roadshow Pictures. Roadshow Entertainment has its own label named Roadshow Films, which is in turn the theatrical distribution unit of Village Roadshow. On 16 December 2014, Roadshow Films acquired a 33% stake in American film production and international sales company FilmNation Entertainment. However, as of 2017, Roadshow Films' stake has since reduced to 31%.", "\"Fantasia\", an experimental film produced to an accompanying orchestral arrangement conducted by Leopold Stokowski, was released in November 1940 by Disney itself in a series of limited-seating roadshow engagements. The film cost $2 million to produce, and although the film earned $1.4 million in its roadshow engagements, the high cost ($85,000 per theater) of installing Fantasound placed \"Fantasia\" at an even greater loss than \"Pinocchio\". RKO assumed distribution of \"Fantasia\" in 1941, later reissuing it in severely edited versions over the years. Despite its financial failure, \"Fantasia\" was the subject of two Academy Honorary Awards on February 26, 1942 \u2013 one for the development of the innovative Fantasound system used to create the film's stereoscopic soundtrack, and the other for Stokowski and his contributions to the film. Much of the character animation on these productions and all subsequent features until the late 1970s was supervised by a brain-trust of animators Walt Disney dubbed the \"Nine Old Men,\" many of whom also served as directors and later producers on the Disney features: Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, Woolie Reitherman, Les Clark, Ward Kimball, Eric Larson, John Lounsbery, Milt Kahl, and Marc Davis. Other head animators at Disney during this period included Norm Ferguson, Bill Tytla, and Fred Moore. The development of the feature animation department created a caste system at the Disney studio: lesser animators (and feature animators in-between assignments) were assigned to work on the short subjects, while animators higher in status such as the Nine Old Men worked on the features. Concern over Walt Disney accepting credit for the artists' work as well as debates over compensation led to many of the newer and lower-ranked animators seeking to unionize the Disney studio.", "Two further systems were developed after the film's opening. The arrangement of the \"Mark IX\" setup was changed and two sets of rear speakers were manually switched in to supplement or replace the left and right front speakers at several points in the film. In the \"Mark X\", the switching and level changes in the rear speakers are done automatically using a thyratron and mechanical relay system operated by means of notches on the edge of the film. This was developed by Disney engineers C. A. Hisserich and Tickner. Disney became an early customer for the newly established Hewlett-Packard company when it ordered eight of its Model 200B oscillators to test the Fantasound systems. \"Fantasia\" debuted as a roadshow theatrical release under Walt Disney Productions at The Broadway Theatre in New York City on November 13, 1940. The film was shown in only 13 theatres, as the installation of equipment required for Fantasound at each venue was costly. Twelve of the thirteen theaters were legitimate theaters converted for the purpose, not movie theaters, due to the need to close the theater during installation of Fantasound. With these expenses and its large budget, \"Fantasia\" was unable to make a profit during its initial release. Fantasound never expanded beyond the initial roadshow engagements in New York, Los Angeles (where the automatic Mark X system was used), Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, Baltimore, Washington, Minneapolis, Buffalo, Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Eight of the roadshow engagements used the Mark IX systems. Garity and RCA's Watson Jones ended the roadshows in 1941, and later gave these reasons: In April 1941, RKO Radio Pictures acquired the distribution rights of \"Fantasia\" and replaced the Fantasound soundtrack with a mono soundtrack."], "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the premiere?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the official release of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful when it premiered?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends.", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#5", "question": "Were these the only roadshow engagements?", "rewrite": "Were the ten day roadshow engagements of Drreamgirls the only roadshow engagements?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["\"Fantasia\", an experimental film produced to an accompanying orchestral arrangement conducted by Leopold Stokowski, was released in November 1940 by Disney itself in a series of limited-seating roadshow engagements. The film cost $2 million to produce, and although the film earned $1.4 million in its roadshow engagements, the high cost ($85,000 per theater) of installing Fantasound placed \"Fantasia\" at an even greater loss than \"Pinocchio\". RKO assumed distribution of \"Fantasia\" in 1941, later reissuing it in severely edited versions over the years. Despite its financial failure, \"Fantasia\" was the subject of two Academy Honorary Awards on February 26, 1942 \u2013 one for the development of the innovative Fantasound system used to create the film's stereoscopic soundtrack, and the other for Stokowski and his contributions to the film. Much of the character animation on these productions and all subsequent features until the late 1970s was supervised by a brain-trust of animators Walt Disney dubbed the \"Nine Old Men,\" many of whom also served as directors and later producers on the Disney features: Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, Woolie Reitherman, Les Clark, Ward Kimball, Eric Larson, John Lounsbery, Milt Kahl, and Marc Davis. Other head animators at Disney during this period included Norm Ferguson, Bill Tytla, and Fred Moore. The development of the feature animation department created a caste system at the Disney studio: lesser animators (and feature animators in-between assignments) were assigned to work on the short subjects, while animators higher in status such as the Nine Old Men worked on the features. Concern over Walt Disney accepting credit for the artists' work as well as debates over compensation led to many of the newer and lower-ranked animators seeking to unionize the Disney studio.", "Only two films were made in Dimension 150 \u2013 \"\", directed by John Huston, and \"Patton\", starring George C. Scott. In some venues, however, Todd-AO and Dimension 150 films received their first run in Cinerama theatres in order that they be shown on a deeply curved screen \u2013 such as the first Atlanta showings of \"The Sound of Music\". Todd-AO films were closely associated with what was called roadshow exhibition. At the time, before multiplex theatres became common, most films opened at a large single screen theatre in the downtown area of each large city before eventually moving on to neighborhood theatres. With the roadshow concept, a film would play, often in 70 mm at a movie palace downtown theatre exclusively, sometimes for a year or more. Often a \"hard ticket\" policy was in effect, with tickets sold for specific numbered seats, and limited showings per day. Most Todd-AO films through the late 1960s, including \"Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines\" and \"The Sound of Music\", were initially shown on a roadshow basis. In some US cities, individual theaters were converted for use in the 1950s as dedicated Todd-AO \"Cinestage\" showplaces. These theaters showed exclusive roadshow engagements of Todd-AO and other 70 mm films on large, deeply curved screens. They included the Rivoli Theatre in New York City, the Cinestage Theatre in Chicago, and Hunt's Cinestage Theatre in Columbus, Ohio. The roadshow era ended in the early 1970s, although a very few films (among them \"Gandhi\") were shown in roadshow format after that. In the 1970s, under the leadership of Dr. Richard Vetter, Todd-AO made an attempt to compete with Panavision in the 35 mm motion picture camera rental market.", "Roadshow Entertainment Roadshow Entertainment (formerly Roadshow Home Video) is a division of the Australian media company Village Roadshow (formerly Roadshow Home Video and Roadshow Entertainment) that distributes films in Australia and New Zealand. Their first release was \"Mad Max\". Roadshow Entertainment is an independent video distributor in Australia and New Zealand. In 1982, Village Roadshow Entertainment was founded as Roadshow Home Video. Their first batch of movie titles, released on both VHS and Betamax format, were:  1983: Palace Films was started as a home video distributor between Roadshow, Blake Films and private investor Antony Veccola. In 1985, Roadshow Home Video became Village Roadshow Home Video and Premiere Home Entertainment was established. Veccola bought out the other company's stock of Palace and it ventured out into the film distribution business and opened a small number of art-house cinemas around Australia's main cities and became an independent company. Its home video release were still handled by Village Roadshow until the late 1990s. 1990: Applause Home Video and Video Selection Australia were established as a Village Roadshow label. 1993 : Village Roadshow Home Video becomes Village Roadshow Entertainment. Late 1990s: Palace home video distribution with Roadshow has been expired. In 1999, Roadshow started releasing DVDs. In 2008, Roadshow started releasing Blu-Rays. 2015 : Roadshow buys full rights for distributing Warner Films Greece titles rather than just those distributed by Village Roadshow Pictures. Roadshow Entertainment has its own label named Roadshow Films, which is in turn the theatrical distribution unit of Village Roadshow. On 16 December 2014, Roadshow Films acquired a 33% stake in American film production and international sales company FilmNation Entertainment. However, as of 2017, Roadshow Films' stake has since reduced to 31%.", "Two further systems were developed after the film's opening. The arrangement of the \"Mark IX\" setup was changed and two sets of rear speakers were manually switched in to supplement or replace the left and right front speakers at several points in the film. In the \"Mark X\", the switching and level changes in the rear speakers are done automatically using a thyratron and mechanical relay system operated by means of notches on the edge of the film. This was developed by Disney engineers C. A. Hisserich and Tickner. Disney became an early customer for the newly established Hewlett-Packard company when it ordered eight of its Model 200B oscillators to test the Fantasound systems. \"Fantasia\" debuted as a roadshow theatrical release under Walt Disney Productions at The Broadway Theatre in New York City on November 13, 1940. The film was shown in only 13 theatres, as the installation of equipment required for Fantasound at each venue was costly. Twelve of the thirteen theaters were legitimate theaters converted for the purpose, not movie theaters, due to the need to close the theater during installation of Fantasound. With these expenses and its large budget, \"Fantasia\" was unable to make a profit during its initial release. Fantasound never expanded beyond the initial roadshow engagements in New York, Los Angeles (where the automatic Mark X system was used), Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Detroit, San Francisco, Baltimore, Washington, Minneapolis, Buffalo, Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Eight of the roadshow engagements used the Mark IX systems. Garity and RCA's Watson Jones ended the roadshows in 1941, and later gave these reasons: In April 1941, RKO Radio Pictures acquired the distribution rights of \"Fantasia\" and replaced the Fantasound soundtrack with a mono soundtrack.", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork."], "answer": {"text": "the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "answer_start": 474}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the premiere?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the official release of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful when it premiered?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends.", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the roadshow engagements?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#6", "question": "When did the movie release nationwide?", "rewrite": "When did Dreamgirls release nationwide?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It was her first single release and it met with great success, topping the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In 1983, Holliday won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for the single. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was designed as the closing number of \"Dreamgirls\"' first act. Holliday's performance of the song, in a style owing much to gospel music singing traditions, was regularly staged to thunderous applause; it was hailed as the highlight of the show in several printed reviews of the musical. In his review of \"Dreamgirls' \"opening night performance, \"New York Times\" theatre critic Frank Rich referred to Holliday's \" And I Am Telling You\" as \"one of the most powerful theatrical coups to be found in a Broadway musical since Ethel Merman sang \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" at the end of Act I of \"\" \" \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going \" remains Holliday's signature song. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was recorded in 2006 by former \"American Idol\" contestant Jennifer Hudson, who portrayed Effie White in the DreamWorks/Paramount motion picture adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\". Her recording of the song, the \"Dreamgirls\" film soundtrack's second single, peaked at number 60 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 14 on the R&B chart. Hudson won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in \"Dreamgirls\"; she thanked Holliday in her acceptance speech. The song can be heard on her debut album \"Jennifer Hudson\" (2008).", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork.", "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album is the cast album for the original Broadway production of the musical \"Dreamgirls\", which debuted at the Imperial Theatre on December 20, 1981. The album was issued by David Geffen, a co-financier of the musical and later producer of its 2006 film adaptation, on his Geffen Records label during the winter of 1982. The \"Dreamgirls\" cast album features cast performances by the show's performers, including Jennifer Holliday, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, Ben Harney, Cleavant Derricks, Obba Babatund\u00e9, and Vondie Curtis-Hall. The cast album includes highlights from the musical's score; many numbers were truncated or excised in order to fit onto one long-playing vinyl record. A 2006 special edition remastered version, issued to tie-in with both the musical's 25th anniversary and the DreamWorks/Paramount-produced \"Dreamgirls\" feature film adaptation, adds three previously unissued tracks from the original recording sessions. Also included is a bonus disc featuring instrumental mixes (prepared for personal appearances by the cast) and a dance version of the musical's signature number, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Pop music producer David Foster served as producer of the cast album, which peaked at #11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while peaking at #4 on Billboard's Black Albums Chart. It is the highest charting Broadway Cast Recording in history on the Billboard 200. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6114223/idina-menzels-ifthen-scores-show-stopping-chart-debut", "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture  Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served as producers and arrangers for the film's soundtrack, which is performed by the actors in the film, including Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Anika Noni Rose, Sharon Leal, Keith Robinson, and others. The soundtrack includes four new songs not present in the stage version of \"Dreamgirls\": \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", \"Patience\", and \"Perfect World\". \"Listen\" was released to radio the week of October 16 as the first official \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack single; the disco version of \"One Night Only\" was issued in late summer as a 12\" club single and as an exclusive download on iTunes. The \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack was nominated for the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, losing to The Beatles' \"Love\". \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", and \"Patience\" were all nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song. However, \"Love You I Do\" won the Grammy that same year for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "He is quoted as saying in 1986: \"I didn't grow up with the Supremes... I grew up with the Shirelles. \" Dreamgirls\" isn't about any one group. It's a cavalcade of black Motown singers: the Shirelles, the Chiffons, Martha and the Vandellas, Little Richard and Stevie Wonder. All the characters are larger than life.\" Similarities between true life events and the plot of the musical include:   David Geffen, founder of Geffen Records and one of the play's financiers, leased the \"Dreamgirls\" film rights to Warner Bros. in the 1980s through his Geffen Pictures company. Although the film was announced several times, with singers such as Whitney Houston (as Deena), Lauryn Hill (another Deena candidate), and Kelly Price (as Effie) tapped to star, the studio eventually abandoned the project. Geffen eventually began development on the film at DreamWorks SKG, a company he co-founded, in 2004. Warner Bros., which controlled the film rights to \"Dreamgirls\", was also originally announced as a co-financier of the film, but before shooting began, Paramount Pictures stepped in as co-producer after Warner expressed concerns over the film's budget. Laurence Mark served as producer of the DreamWorks/Paramount adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", written and directed by Bill Condon, who had earned an Oscar nomination for his screenplay adaptation of \"Chicago\". The film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\" stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyonc\u00e9 as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie, Anika Noni Rose as Lorrell, and Keith Robinson as C.C.."], "answer": {"text": "December 15, 2006", "answer_start": 414}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the premiere?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the official release of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful when it premiered?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends.", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the roadshow engagements?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these the only roadshow engagements?", "answer": {"text": "the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#7", "question": "How long was it in theaters?", "rewrite": "How long was Dreamgirls theaters?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture  Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served as producers and arrangers for the film's soundtrack, which is performed by the actors in the film, including Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Anika Noni Rose, Sharon Leal, Keith Robinson, and others. The soundtrack includes four new songs not present in the stage version of \"Dreamgirls\": \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", \"Patience\", and \"Perfect World\". \"Listen\" was released to radio the week of October 16 as the first official \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack single; the disco version of \"One Night Only\" was issued in late summer as a 12\" club single and as an exclusive download on iTunes. The \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack was nominated for the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, losing to The Beatles' \"Love\". \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", and \"Patience\" were all nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song. However, \"Love You I Do\" won the Grammy that same year for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "\"Dreamgirls\" was first exhibited in special ten-day road show engagements beginning December 15, 2006. Subsequently, the film went into national release on December 25, 2006. Loretta Devine, who originated the Lorrell role, has a cameo role as a jazz singer in the film. Two other alumni of the Broadway production \u2013 Will Smith (a James \"Thunder\" Early replacement) and Yvette Cason (Charlene; Effie White understudy) \u2013 also appear. While much of the material remains the same as that of the stage musical, some of the stage musical's songs (most notably \"Ain't No Party\") were removed, and four new songs were added. A number of changes were made to the story as well, including the additions of more overt references to The Supremes and Motown, the death of Jimmy (who is found dead on the road after a heroin overdose), and the relocation of the story's main setting from Chicago to Detroit. The film won two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress (Jennifer Hudson) and Best Sound Mixing. To give the story more exposure for the upcoming film release, DreamWorks Pictures and the licensee of the original play, The Tams-Witmark Music Library, announced they would pay the licensing fees for all non-professional stage performances of \"Dreamgirls\" for the calendar year of 2006. DreamWorks hoped to encourage amateur productions of \"Dreamgirls\", and familiarize a wider audience with the play. As a result, more than fifty high schools, colleges, community theaters, and other non-commercial theater entities staged productions of \"Dreamgirls\" in 2006, and DreamWorks spent up to $250,000 subsidizing the licensing. Act I Act II Notes", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork.", "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album is the cast album for the original Broadway production of the musical \"Dreamgirls\", which debuted at the Imperial Theatre on December 20, 1981. The album was issued by David Geffen, a co-financier of the musical and later producer of its 2006 film adaptation, on his Geffen Records label during the winter of 1982. The \"Dreamgirls\" cast album features cast performances by the show's performers, including Jennifer Holliday, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, Ben Harney, Cleavant Derricks, Obba Babatund\u00e9, and Vondie Curtis-Hall. The cast album includes highlights from the musical's score; many numbers were truncated or excised in order to fit onto one long-playing vinyl record. A 2006 special edition remastered version, issued to tie-in with both the musical's 25th anniversary and the DreamWorks/Paramount-produced \"Dreamgirls\" feature film adaptation, adds three previously unissued tracks from the original recording sessions. Also included is a bonus disc featuring instrumental mixes (prepared for personal appearances by the cast) and a dance version of the musical's signature number, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Pop music producer David Foster served as producer of the cast album, which peaked at #11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while peaking at #4 on Billboard's Black Albums Chart. It is the highest charting Broadway Cast Recording in history on the Billboard 200. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6114223/idina-menzels-ifthen-scores-show-stopping-chart-debut", "Alfred Brooks (dancer) Alfred Brooks also known as Alfred Brooks Pew or Al Brooks (October 19, 1916, Kansas City, Missouri - December 15, 2005) was an early influencer of counterculture, founder of a modern dance company called Munt-Brooks, and later founder of the experimental theatre group The Changing Scene. Alfred Brooks Pew was the youngest of five children born to John Brooks Pew and Maysie Virginia Pew. Brooks attended The Juilliard School in New York with B.A and M.A. degrees in musical composition. As a student at Juilliard he was first exposed to modern dance, and he studied dance with Hanya Holm. In 1952 he opened Munt-Brooks dance studio in New York City with his wife Maxine Munt. In 1968 Brooks and Munt opened the non-profit, theatre/dance school called The Changing Scene in Denver, Colorado, after closing the Munt-Brooks dance studio in New York a few years prior. Everything was volunteer based and was devoted to presenting not just dance and theatre but new work in all media. The Changing Scene was the first to have featured profanity, nudity and sexual situations on a Denver stage and in 1968 they were raided by the Denver vice squad because, Brooks said, \"officers misunderstood what an offering called \"Organum\" must have been about\". Brooks was a co-founder of the Colorado Theatre Guild. After Maxine Munt's death in January 2000, The Changing Scene closed. The Changing Scene influenced a new generation of bohemian theatre including the Changing Scene Northwest, created by a former board member after they moved to Washington."], "answer": {"text": "DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007", "answer_start": 1283}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the premiere?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the official release of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful when it premiered?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends.", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the roadshow engagements?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these the only roadshow engagements?", "answer": {"text": "the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the movie release nationwide?", "answer": {"text": "December 15, 2006", "answer_start": 414, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_66e8aa1b4b8d440ab4cb46b461d563fa_0_q#8", "question": "Was it successful on home video?", "rewrite": "Was Dreamgirls successful on home video?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It was her first single release and it met with great success, topping the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and attaining top forty positions on both the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart. In 1983, Holliday won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Vocal Performance, Female for the single. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was designed as the closing number of \"Dreamgirls\"' first act. Holliday's performance of the song, in a style owing much to gospel music singing traditions, was regularly staged to thunderous applause; it was hailed as the highlight of the show in several printed reviews of the musical. In his review of \"Dreamgirls' \"opening night performance, \"New York Times\" theatre critic Frank Rich referred to Holliday's \" And I Am Telling You\" as \"one of the most powerful theatrical coups to be found in a Broadway musical since Ethel Merman sang \"Everything's Coming Up Roses\" at the end of Act I of \"\" \" \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going \" remains Holliday's signature song. \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\" was recorded in 2006 by former \"American Idol\" contestant Jennifer Hudson, who portrayed Effie White in the DreamWorks/Paramount motion picture adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\". Her recording of the song, the \"Dreamgirls\" film soundtrack's second single, peaked at number 60 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and number 14 on the R&B chart. Hudson won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in \"Dreamgirls\"; she thanked Holliday in her acceptance speech. The song can be heard on her debut album \"Jennifer Hudson\" (2008).", "Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture  Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture is a soundtrack album for the 2006 film \"Dreamgirls\". The album was released by Music World Entertainment and Columbia Records on December 5, 2006 in two versions: a single-disc standard release, and a two-disc deluxe edition. The one-disc version includes highlights from the film's songs, including \" And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\", \"One Night Only\", and \"Listen\", while the two disc version includes all songs present in the film alongside several bonus tracks. Harvey Mason, Jr. and Damon Thomas of the production team The Underdogs served as producers and arrangers for the film's soundtrack, which is performed by the actors in the film, including Jamie Foxx, Beyonc\u00e9 Knowles, Eddie Murphy, Jennifer Hudson, Anika Noni Rose, Sharon Leal, Keith Robinson, and others. The soundtrack includes four new songs not present in the stage version of \"Dreamgirls\": \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", \"Patience\", and \"Perfect World\". \"Listen\" was released to radio the week of October 16 as the first official \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack single; the disco version of \"One Night Only\" was issued in late summer as a 12\" club single and as an exclusive download on iTunes. The \"Dreamgirls\" soundtrack was nominated for the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, losing to The Beatles' \"Love\". \"Listen\", \"Love You I Do\", and \"Patience\" were all nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Original Song. However, \"Love You I Do\" won the Grammy that same year for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.", "He is quoted as saying in 1986: \"I didn't grow up with the Supremes... I grew up with the Shirelles. \" Dreamgirls\" isn't about any one group. It's a cavalcade of black Motown singers: the Shirelles, the Chiffons, Martha and the Vandellas, Little Richard and Stevie Wonder. All the characters are larger than life.\" Similarities between true life events and the plot of the musical include:   David Geffen, founder of Geffen Records and one of the play's financiers, leased the \"Dreamgirls\" film rights to Warner Bros. in the 1980s through his Geffen Pictures company. Although the film was announced several times, with singers such as Whitney Houston (as Deena), Lauryn Hill (another Deena candidate), and Kelly Price (as Effie) tapped to star, the studio eventually abandoned the project. Geffen eventually began development on the film at DreamWorks SKG, a company he co-founded, in 2004. Warner Bros., which controlled the film rights to \"Dreamgirls\", was also originally announced as a co-financier of the film, but before shooting began, Paramount Pictures stepped in as co-producer after Warner expressed concerns over the film's budget. Laurence Mark served as producer of the DreamWorks/Paramount adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\", written and directed by Bill Condon, who had earned an Oscar nomination for his screenplay adaptation of \"Chicago\". The film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\" stars Jamie Foxx as Curtis, Beyonc\u00e9 as Deena, Eddie Murphy as Jimmy, Danny Glover as Marty, Jennifer Hudson as Effie, Anika Noni Rose as Lorrell, and Keith Robinson as C.C..", "Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album Dreamgirls: Original Broadway Cast Album is the cast album for the original Broadway production of the musical \"Dreamgirls\", which debuted at the Imperial Theatre on December 20, 1981. The album was issued by David Geffen, a co-financier of the musical and later producer of its 2006 film adaptation, on his Geffen Records label during the winter of 1982. The \"Dreamgirls\" cast album features cast performances by the show's performers, including Jennifer Holliday, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Loretta Devine, Ben Harney, Cleavant Derricks, Obba Babatund\u00e9, and Vondie Curtis-Hall. The cast album includes highlights from the musical's score; many numbers were truncated or excised in order to fit onto one long-playing vinyl record. A 2006 special edition remastered version, issued to tie-in with both the musical's 25th anniversary and the DreamWorks/Paramount-produced \"Dreamgirls\" feature film adaptation, adds three previously unissued tracks from the original recording sessions. Also included is a bonus disc featuring instrumental mixes (prepared for personal appearances by the cast) and a dance version of the musical's signature number, \"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going\". Pop music producer David Foster served as producer of the cast album, which peaked at #11 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while peaking at #4 on Billboard's Black Albums Chart. It is the highest charting Broadway Cast Recording in history on the Billboard 200. http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6114223/idina-menzels-ifthen-scores-show-stopping-chart-debut", "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, where it received a standing ovation. The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at the Wilshire Theater in Beverly Hills. Similar to the releases of older Hollywood musicals such as The Sound of Music, My Fair Lady, and West Side Story, Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City, the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco. Tickets for the reserved seats were $25 each; the premium price included a forty-eight page full-color program and a limited-print lithograph. This release made Dreamgirls the first American feature film to have a roadshow release since Man of La Mancha in 1972. Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends. The film's national release, at regular prices, began on December 25. Outside of the U.S., Dreamgirls opened in Australia on January 18, and in the United Kingdom on February 2. Releases in other countries began on various dates between January and early March. Dreamgirls eventually grossed $103 million in North America, and almost $155 million worldwide. DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007 in DVD, HD DVD, and Blu-ray formats. The DVD version was issued in two editions: a one-disc standard version and a two-disc \"Showstopper Edition\". The two-disc version also included a feature-length production documentary, production featurettes, screen tests, animatics, and other previsualization materials and artwork."], "answer": {"text": "As of 2017, total domestic video sales to date are at $95.1 million.", "answer_start": 346}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the Premiere of Dreamgirls?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls premiered on December 4, 2006 at", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the premiere?", "answer": {"text": "at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the official release of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "The film's Los Angeles premiere was held on December 11 at", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful when it premiered?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls earned a total of $851,664 from the roadshow engagements, playing to sold-out houses on the weekends.", "answer_start": 812, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the roadshow engagements?", "answer": {"text": "Dreamgirls debuted with three special ten-day roadshow engagements beginning on December 15, 2006 at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City,", "answer_start": 334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were these the only roadshow engagements?", "answer": {"text": "the Cinerama Dome in Los Angeles, and the AMC Metreon 15 in San Francisco.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the movie release nationwide?", "answer": {"text": "December 15, 2006", "answer_start": 414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long was it in theaters?", "answer": {"text": "DreamWorks Home Entertainment released Dreamgirls to home video on May 1, 2007", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#0", "question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "rewrite": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sounds Like Teen Spirit Sounds Like Teen Spirit (also known as Sounds Like Teen Spirit: A Popumentary) is a 2008 documentary and debut feature film of Bafta-Award nominated director Jamie Jay Johnson. It follows the lives of the participants of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2007, specifically the entrants from Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Georgia. The film sees them proceed from the national finals that saw them crowned the representatives of their country through to the international song festival itself held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, where they each compete against 16 other acts. The film was exceptionally well received by critics receiving an 87% 'fresh' rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Director Johnson was praised for his 'crowdpleasing' debut and his success in getting the participants to 'open-up' on camera. In the 2009 Dinard British Film Festival in Brittany, France 'Sounds Like Teen Spirit' played in competition and won the prestigious 'Hitchcock D\u2019Argent' Audience Award. In the Seattle International film festival 2009 the film won a Special Jury Award and was highly commended by the jury \"for excellence in capturing the universal experience of young adults discovering their place in the world\". \"Sounds Like Teen Spirit\" was also nominated for a British Independent Film Award in the 'Best Documentary' category.", "In addition to a number-one placing in the singles category, \"Teen Spirit\" also topped the music video category in the \"Village Voice\"s 1991 \"Pazz & Jop\" poll. The video won Nirvana the Best New Artist and Best Alternative Group awards at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2000 the \"Guinness World Records\" named \"Teen Spirit\" the Most Played Video on MTV Europe. In subsequent years Amy Finnerty, formerly of MTV's Programming department, claimed the video \"changed the entire look of MTV\" by giving them \"a whole new generation to sell to\". \" Rolling Stone\" placed the music video for \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" at number two on their 1993 list of \"The 100 Top Music Videos\". MTV ranked the song's music video at number three on its \"100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made\" list in 1999. VH1 placed the debut of the \"Teen Spirit\" video at number eighteen on its 2000 list of \"100 Greatest Rock & Roll Moments on TV\", noting that \"the video [ushered] in alternative rock as a commercial and pop culture force\". In 2001, VH1 ranked the video fourth on its \"100 Greatest Videos\" list. The video has been parodied at least twice: in \"Weird Al\" Yankovic's music video for \"Smells Like Nirvana\" and in Bob Sinclar's 2006 music video for \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\". Published on YouTube in 2009 upon the debut of the music video streaming website Vevo, the video has over 960 million views . \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was first performed live on April 17, 1991 at the OK Hotel in Seattle, Washington.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit in most countries, placing high on music industry charts around the world in 1991 and 1992. The unexpected success propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where grunge entered the mainstream. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television. The song was dubbed an \"anthem for apathetic kids\" of Generation X, but the band grew uncomfortable with the attention it brought them. In the years since Kurt Cobain's death, listeners and critics have continued to praise \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" as one of the greatest songs in the history of rock music. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain said that \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was an attempt to write a song in the style of the Pixies, a band he greatly admired: Cobain came up with the song's title when his friend Kathleen Hanna, at the time the lead singer of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill, wrote \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his wall. Hanna meant that Cobain smelled like the deodorant Teen Spirit, which his then-girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. Cobain said he was unaware of the deodorant until months after the single was released, and had interpreted it as a revolutionary slogan, as they had been discussing anarchism and punk rock.", "the 'Why Ask Why?' generation. Just don't call Cobain a spokesman for a generation. \" Nevertheless, the music press awarded the song an \"anthem-of-a-generation\" status, placing Cobain as a reluctant spokesman for Generation X. \"The New York Times \" wrote that Smells Like Teen Spirit' could be this generation\u2019s version of the Sex Pistols' 1976 single, 'Anarchy in the U.K.', if it weren\u2019t for the bitter irony that pervades its title ... as Nirvana knows only too well, teen spirit is routinely bottled, shrink-wrapped and sold.\" Nirvana grew uncomfortable with the song's success, and in later concerts often excluded it from the set list. Prior to the release of the band's 1993 follow-up album \"In Utero\", Novoselic remarked, \"If it wasn't for 'Teen Spirit' I don't know how \"Nevermind\" would have done ... There are no 'Teen Spirits' on \" In Utero\". \" Cobain said in 1994, \"I still like playing 'Teen Spirit', but it's almost an embarrassment to play it ... Everyone has focused on that song so much.\" In the years following Cobain's 1994 suicide and Nirvana's breakup, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is often listed as one of the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" in 1997.", "Teen Spirit (deodorant) Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\". When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind, and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick.\" Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances, Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes."], "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#1", "question": "When was the album released?", "rewrite": "When was the A-Teen's album \"Teen Spirit\" released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["the 'Why Ask Why?' generation. Just don't call Cobain a spokesman for a generation. \" Nevertheless, the music press awarded the song an \"anthem-of-a-generation\" status, placing Cobain as a reluctant spokesman for Generation X. \"The New York Times \" wrote that Smells Like Teen Spirit' could be this generation\u2019s version of the Sex Pistols' 1976 single, 'Anarchy in the U.K.', if it weren\u2019t for the bitter irony that pervades its title ... as Nirvana knows only too well, teen spirit is routinely bottled, shrink-wrapped and sold.\" Nirvana grew uncomfortable with the song's success, and in later concerts often excluded it from the set list. Prior to the release of the band's 1993 follow-up album \"In Utero\", Novoselic remarked, \"If it wasn't for 'Teen Spirit' I don't know how \"Nevermind\" would have done ... There are no 'Teen Spirits' on \" In Utero\". \" Cobain said in 1994, \"I still like playing 'Teen Spirit', but it's almost an embarrassment to play it ... Everyone has focused on that song so much.\" In the years following Cobain's 1994 suicide and Nirvana's breakup, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is often listed as one of the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" in 1997.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit in most countries, placing high on music industry charts around the world in 1991 and 1992. The unexpected success propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where grunge entered the mainstream. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television. The song was dubbed an \"anthem for apathetic kids\" of Generation X, but the band grew uncomfortable with the attention it brought them. In the years since Kurt Cobain's death, listeners and critics have continued to praise \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" as one of the greatest songs in the history of rock music. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain said that \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was an attempt to write a song in the style of the Pixies, a band he greatly admired: Cobain came up with the song's title when his friend Kathleen Hanna, at the time the lead singer of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill, wrote \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his wall. Hanna meant that Cobain smelled like the deodorant Teen Spirit, which his then-girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. Cobain said he was unaware of the deodorant until months after the single was released, and had interpreted it as a revolutionary slogan, as they had been discussing anarchism and punk rock.", "Sounds Like Teen Spirit Sounds Like Teen Spirit (also known as Sounds Like Teen Spirit: A Popumentary) is a 2008 documentary and debut feature film of Bafta-Award nominated director Jamie Jay Johnson. It follows the lives of the participants of the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2007, specifically the entrants from Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Georgia. The film sees them proceed from the national finals that saw them crowned the representatives of their country through to the international song festival itself held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, where they each compete against 16 other acts. The film was exceptionally well received by critics receiving an 87% 'fresh' rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Director Johnson was praised for his 'crowdpleasing' debut and his success in getting the participants to 'open-up' on camera. In the 2009 Dinard British Film Festival in Brittany, France 'Sounds Like Teen Spirit' played in competition and won the prestigious 'Hitchcock D\u2019Argent' Audience Award. In the Seattle International film festival 2009 the film won a Special Jury Award and was highly commended by the jury \"for excellence in capturing the universal experience of young adults discovering their place in the world\". \"Sounds Like Teen Spirit\" was also nominated for a British Independent Film Award in the 'Best Documentary' category.", "Teen Spirit (deodorant) Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\". When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind, and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick.\" Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances, Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit\" and \"Nevermind\" became a rare cross-format phenomenon, reaching all the major rock radio formats including modern rock, hard rock, album rock, and college radio. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was also a critical success. It topped the 1991 \"Village Voice\" \"Pazz & Jop\" and \"Melody Maker\" year-end polls, and reached number two on \"Rolling Stone's\" list of best singles of the year. The single peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" singles chart the same week that \"Nevermind\" reached number one on the albums chart. \" Teen Spirit\" hit number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and has been certified platinum (onemillion copies shipped) by the Recording Industry Association of America. However, many American Top 40 stations were reluctant to play the song in regular rotation, and restricted it to night-time play. The single was also successful in other countries. In the United Kingdom, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" reached number seven and charted for 184 weeks. The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Hard Rock Performance with Vocal and Best Rock Song. \"Entertainment Weekly\" would later name Nirvana's loss to Eric Clapton in the Best Rock Song category as one of the 10 biggest upsets in Grammy history. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts of Belgium, France, New Zealand, and Spain. It charted within the top five of several European countries and reached number five in Australia. It appeared on several year-end charts, including number 10 in New Zealand, number 17 in Belgium and Germany, and number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Year-End Chart. In the wake of Nirvana's success, Michael Azerrad wrote in a 1992 \"Rolling Stone\" article: \"'Smells Like Teen Spirit' is an anthem for (or is it against?)"], "answer": {"text": "it was finally released on 26 February 2001,", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#2", "question": "Was the album a hit?", "rewrite": "Was the A-Teen's album \"Teen Spirit\" a hit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Smells Like Teen Spirit \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit in most countries, placing high on music industry charts around the world in 1991 and 1992. The unexpected success propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where grunge entered the mainstream. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television. The song was dubbed an \"anthem for apathetic kids\" of Generation X, but the band grew uncomfortable with the attention it brought them. In the years since Kurt Cobain's death, listeners and critics have continued to praise \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" as one of the greatest songs in the history of rock music. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain said that \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was an attempt to write a song in the style of the Pixies, a band he greatly admired: Cobain came up with the song's title when his friend Kathleen Hanna, at the time the lead singer of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill, wrote \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his wall. Hanna meant that Cobain smelled like the deodorant Teen Spirit, which his then-girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. Cobain said he was unaware of the deodorant until months after the single was released, and had interpreted it as a revolutionary slogan, as they had been discussing anarchism and punk rock.", "In addition to a number-one placing in the singles category, \"Teen Spirit\" also topped the music video category in the \"Village Voice\"s 1991 \"Pazz & Jop\" poll. The video won Nirvana the Best New Artist and Best Alternative Group awards at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2000 the \"Guinness World Records\" named \"Teen Spirit\" the Most Played Video on MTV Europe. In subsequent years Amy Finnerty, formerly of MTV's Programming department, claimed the video \"changed the entire look of MTV\" by giving them \"a whole new generation to sell to\". \" Rolling Stone\" placed the music video for \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" at number two on their 1993 list of \"The 100 Top Music Videos\". MTV ranked the song's music video at number three on its \"100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made\" list in 1999. VH1 placed the debut of the \"Teen Spirit\" video at number eighteen on its 2000 list of \"100 Greatest Rock & Roll Moments on TV\", noting that \"the video [ushered] in alternative rock as a commercial and pop culture force\". In 2001, VH1 ranked the video fourth on its \"100 Greatest Videos\" list. The video has been parodied at least twice: in \"Weird Al\" Yankovic's music video for \"Smells Like Nirvana\" and in Bob Sinclar's 2006 music video for \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\". Published on YouTube in 2009 upon the debut of the music video streaming website Vevo, the video has over 960 million views . \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was first performed live on April 17, 1991 at the OK Hotel in Seattle, Washington.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit\" and \"Nevermind\" became a rare cross-format phenomenon, reaching all the major rock radio formats including modern rock, hard rock, album rock, and college radio. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was also a critical success. It topped the 1991 \"Village Voice\" \"Pazz & Jop\" and \"Melody Maker\" year-end polls, and reached number two on \"Rolling Stone's\" list of best singles of the year. The single peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" singles chart the same week that \"Nevermind\" reached number one on the albums chart. \" Teen Spirit\" hit number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and has been certified platinum (onemillion copies shipped) by the Recording Industry Association of America. However, many American Top 40 stations were reluctant to play the song in regular rotation, and restricted it to night-time play. The single was also successful in other countries. In the United Kingdom, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" reached number seven and charted for 184 weeks. The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Hard Rock Performance with Vocal and Best Rock Song. \"Entertainment Weekly\" would later name Nirvana's loss to Eric Clapton in the Best Rock Song category as one of the 10 biggest upsets in Grammy history. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts of Belgium, France, New Zealand, and Spain. It charted within the top five of several European countries and reached number five in Australia. It appeared on several year-end charts, including number 10 in New Zealand, number 17 in Belgium and Germany, and number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Year-End Chart. In the wake of Nirvana's success, Michael Azerrad wrote in a 1992 \"Rolling Stone\" article: \"'Smells Like Teen Spirit' is an anthem for (or is it against?)", "the 'Why Ask Why?' generation. Just don't call Cobain a spokesman for a generation. \" Nevertheless, the music press awarded the song an \"anthem-of-a-generation\" status, placing Cobain as a reluctant spokesman for Generation X. \"The New York Times \" wrote that Smells Like Teen Spirit' could be this generation\u2019s version of the Sex Pistols' 1976 single, 'Anarchy in the U.K.', if it weren\u2019t for the bitter irony that pervades its title ... as Nirvana knows only too well, teen spirit is routinely bottled, shrink-wrapped and sold.\" Nirvana grew uncomfortable with the song's success, and in later concerts often excluded it from the set list. Prior to the release of the band's 1993 follow-up album \"In Utero\", Novoselic remarked, \"If it wasn't for 'Teen Spirit' I don't know how \"Nevermind\" would have done ... There are no 'Teen Spirits' on \" In Utero\". \" Cobain said in 1994, \"I still like playing 'Teen Spirit', but it's almost an embarrassment to play it ... Everyone has focused on that song so much.\" In the years following Cobain's 1994 suicide and Nirvana's breakup, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is often listed as one of the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" in 1997.", "Teen Spirit (deodorant) Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\". When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind, and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick.\" Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances, Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes."], "answer": {"text": "it debuted at number two in the Swedish Charts.", "answer_start": 162}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "it was finally released on 26 February 2001,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#3", "question": "was it a hit in other parts of the world?", "rewrite": "Other than Sweden, was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit\" a hit in other parts of the world?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Smells Like Teen Spirit \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit in most countries, placing high on music industry charts around the world in 1991 and 1992. The unexpected success propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where grunge entered the mainstream. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television. The song was dubbed an \"anthem for apathetic kids\" of Generation X, but the band grew uncomfortable with the attention it brought them. In the years since Kurt Cobain's death, listeners and critics have continued to praise \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" as one of the greatest songs in the history of rock music. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain said that \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was an attempt to write a song in the style of the Pixies, a band he greatly admired: Cobain came up with the song's title when his friend Kathleen Hanna, at the time the lead singer of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill, wrote \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his wall. Hanna meant that Cobain smelled like the deodorant Teen Spirit, which his then-girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. Cobain said he was unaware of the deodorant until months after the single was released, and had interpreted it as a revolutionary slogan, as they had been discussing anarchism and punk rock.", "In addition to a number-one placing in the singles category, \"Teen Spirit\" also topped the music video category in the \"Village Voice\"s 1991 \"Pazz & Jop\" poll. The video won Nirvana the Best New Artist and Best Alternative Group awards at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2000 the \"Guinness World Records\" named \"Teen Spirit\" the Most Played Video on MTV Europe. In subsequent years Amy Finnerty, formerly of MTV's Programming department, claimed the video \"changed the entire look of MTV\" by giving them \"a whole new generation to sell to\". \" Rolling Stone\" placed the music video for \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" at number two on their 1993 list of \"The 100 Top Music Videos\". MTV ranked the song's music video at number three on its \"100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made\" list in 1999. VH1 placed the debut of the \"Teen Spirit\" video at number eighteen on its 2000 list of \"100 Greatest Rock & Roll Moments on TV\", noting that \"the video [ushered] in alternative rock as a commercial and pop culture force\". In 2001, VH1 ranked the video fourth on its \"100 Greatest Videos\" list. The video has been parodied at least twice: in \"Weird Al\" Yankovic's music video for \"Smells Like Nirvana\" and in Bob Sinclar's 2006 music video for \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\". Published on YouTube in 2009 upon the debut of the music video streaming website Vevo, the video has over 960 million views . \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was first performed live on April 17, 1991 at the OK Hotel in Seattle, Washington.", "the 'Why Ask Why?' generation. Just don't call Cobain a spokesman for a generation. \" Nevertheless, the music press awarded the song an \"anthem-of-a-generation\" status, placing Cobain as a reluctant spokesman for Generation X. \"The New York Times \" wrote that Smells Like Teen Spirit' could be this generation\u2019s version of the Sex Pistols' 1976 single, 'Anarchy in the U.K.', if it weren\u2019t for the bitter irony that pervades its title ... as Nirvana knows only too well, teen spirit is routinely bottled, shrink-wrapped and sold.\" Nirvana grew uncomfortable with the song's success, and in later concerts often excluded it from the set list. Prior to the release of the band's 1993 follow-up album \"In Utero\", Novoselic remarked, \"If it wasn't for 'Teen Spirit' I don't know how \"Nevermind\" would have done ... There are no 'Teen Spirits' on \" In Utero\". \" Cobain said in 1994, \"I still like playing 'Teen Spirit', but it's almost an embarrassment to play it ... Everyone has focused on that song so much.\" In the years following Cobain's 1994 suicide and Nirvana's breakup, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is often listed as one of the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" in 1997.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit\" and \"Nevermind\" became a rare cross-format phenomenon, reaching all the major rock radio formats including modern rock, hard rock, album rock, and college radio. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was also a critical success. It topped the 1991 \"Village Voice\" \"Pazz & Jop\" and \"Melody Maker\" year-end polls, and reached number two on \"Rolling Stone's\" list of best singles of the year. The single peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" singles chart the same week that \"Nevermind\" reached number one on the albums chart. \" Teen Spirit\" hit number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and has been certified platinum (onemillion copies shipped) by the Recording Industry Association of America. However, many American Top 40 stations were reluctant to play the song in regular rotation, and restricted it to night-time play. The single was also successful in other countries. In the United Kingdom, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" reached number seven and charted for 184 weeks. The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Hard Rock Performance with Vocal and Best Rock Song. \"Entertainment Weekly\" would later name Nirvana's loss to Eric Clapton in the Best Rock Song category as one of the 10 biggest upsets in Grammy history. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts of Belgium, France, New Zealand, and Spain. It charted within the top five of several European countries and reached number five in Australia. It appeared on several year-end charts, including number 10 in New Zealand, number 17 in Belgium and Germany, and number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Year-End Chart. In the wake of Nirvana's success, Michael Azerrad wrote in a 1992 \"Rolling Stone\" article: \"'Smells Like Teen Spirit' is an anthem for (or is it against?)", "Teen Spirit (deodorant) Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\". When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind, and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick.\" Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances, Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes."], "answer": {"text": "This pop sensation hit reached the top ten in other countries", "answer_start": 210}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "it was finally released on 26 February 2001,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album a hit?", "answer": {"text": "it debuted at number two in the Swedish Charts.", "answer_start": 162, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#4", "question": "how many copies did it sell worldwide?", "rewrite": "how many copies did the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit\" sell worldwide?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Teen Spirit (deodorant) Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\". When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind, and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick.\" Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances, Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit in most countries, placing high on music industry charts around the world in 1991 and 1992. The unexpected success propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where grunge entered the mainstream. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television. The song was dubbed an \"anthem for apathetic kids\" of Generation X, but the band grew uncomfortable with the attention it brought them. In the years since Kurt Cobain's death, listeners and critics have continued to praise \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" as one of the greatest songs in the history of rock music. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain said that \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was an attempt to write a song in the style of the Pixies, a band he greatly admired: Cobain came up with the song's title when his friend Kathleen Hanna, at the time the lead singer of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill, wrote \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his wall. Hanna meant that Cobain smelled like the deodorant Teen Spirit, which his then-girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. Cobain said he was unaware of the deodorant until months after the single was released, and had interpreted it as a revolutionary slogan, as they had been discussing anarchism and punk rock.", "In addition to a number-one placing in the singles category, \"Teen Spirit\" also topped the music video category in the \"Village Voice\"s 1991 \"Pazz & Jop\" poll. The video won Nirvana the Best New Artist and Best Alternative Group awards at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2000 the \"Guinness World Records\" named \"Teen Spirit\" the Most Played Video on MTV Europe. In subsequent years Amy Finnerty, formerly of MTV's Programming department, claimed the video \"changed the entire look of MTV\" by giving them \"a whole new generation to sell to\". \" Rolling Stone\" placed the music video for \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" at number two on their 1993 list of \"The 100 Top Music Videos\". MTV ranked the song's music video at number three on its \"100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made\" list in 1999. VH1 placed the debut of the \"Teen Spirit\" video at number eighteen on its 2000 list of \"100 Greatest Rock & Roll Moments on TV\", noting that \"the video [ushered] in alternative rock as a commercial and pop culture force\". In 2001, VH1 ranked the video fourth on its \"100 Greatest Videos\" list. The video has been parodied at least twice: in \"Weird Al\" Yankovic's music video for \"Smells Like Nirvana\" and in Bob Sinclar's 2006 music video for \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\". Published on YouTube in 2009 upon the debut of the music video streaming website Vevo, the video has over 960 million views . \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was first performed live on April 17, 1991 at the OK Hotel in Seattle, Washington.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit\" and \"Nevermind\" became a rare cross-format phenomenon, reaching all the major rock radio formats including modern rock, hard rock, album rock, and college radio. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was also a critical success. It topped the 1991 \"Village Voice\" \"Pazz & Jop\" and \"Melody Maker\" year-end polls, and reached number two on \"Rolling Stone's\" list of best singles of the year. The single peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" singles chart the same week that \"Nevermind\" reached number one on the albums chart. \" Teen Spirit\" hit number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and has been certified platinum (onemillion copies shipped) by the Recording Industry Association of America. However, many American Top 40 stations were reluctant to play the song in regular rotation, and restricted it to night-time play. The single was also successful in other countries. In the United Kingdom, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" reached number seven and charted for 184 weeks. The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Hard Rock Performance with Vocal and Best Rock Song. \"Entertainment Weekly\" would later name Nirvana's loss to Eric Clapton in the Best Rock Song category as one of the 10 biggest upsets in Grammy history. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts of Belgium, France, New Zealand, and Spain. It charted within the top five of several European countries and reached number five in Australia. It appeared on several year-end charts, including number 10 in New Zealand, number 17 in Belgium and Germany, and number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Year-End Chart. In the wake of Nirvana's success, Michael Azerrad wrote in a 1992 \"Rolling Stone\" article: \"'Smells Like Teen Spirit' is an anthem for (or is it against?)", "the 'Why Ask Why?' generation. Just don't call Cobain a spokesman for a generation. \" Nevertheless, the music press awarded the song an \"anthem-of-a-generation\" status, placing Cobain as a reluctant spokesman for Generation X. \"The New York Times \" wrote that Smells Like Teen Spirit' could be this generation\u2019s version of the Sex Pistols' 1976 single, 'Anarchy in the U.K.', if it weren\u2019t for the bitter irony that pervades its title ... as Nirvana knows only too well, teen spirit is routinely bottled, shrink-wrapped and sold.\" Nirvana grew uncomfortable with the song's success, and in later concerts often excluded it from the set list. Prior to the release of the band's 1993 follow-up album \"In Utero\", Novoselic remarked, \"If it wasn't for 'Teen Spirit' I don't know how \"Nevermind\" would have done ... There are no 'Teen Spirits' on \" In Utero\". \" Cobain said in 1994, \"I still like playing 'Teen Spirit', but it's almost an embarrassment to play it ... Everyone has focused on that song so much.\" In the years following Cobain's 1994 suicide and Nirvana's breakup, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is often listed as one of the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" in 1997."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "it was finally released on 26 February 2001,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album a hit?", "answer": {"text": "it debuted at number two in the Swedish Charts.", "answer_start": 162, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a hit in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "This pop sensation hit reached the top ten in other countries", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#5", "question": "Could you tell me if there is any interesting information on the article please?", "rewrite": "Besides the hit status of the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit\", could you tell me if there is any interesting information on the article please?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Smells Like Teen Spirit \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit in most countries, placing high on music industry charts around the world in 1991 and 1992. The unexpected success propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where grunge entered the mainstream. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television. The song was dubbed an \"anthem for apathetic kids\" of Generation X, but the band grew uncomfortable with the attention it brought them. In the years since Kurt Cobain's death, listeners and critics have continued to praise \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" as one of the greatest songs in the history of rock music. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain said that \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was an attempt to write a song in the style of the Pixies, a band he greatly admired: Cobain came up with the song's title when his friend Kathleen Hanna, at the time the lead singer of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill, wrote \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his wall. Hanna meant that Cobain smelled like the deodorant Teen Spirit, which his then-girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. Cobain said he was unaware of the deodorant until months after the single was released, and had interpreted it as a revolutionary slogan, as they had been discussing anarchism and punk rock.", "the 'Why Ask Why?' generation. Just don't call Cobain a spokesman for a generation. \" Nevertheless, the music press awarded the song an \"anthem-of-a-generation\" status, placing Cobain as a reluctant spokesman for Generation X. \"The New York Times \" wrote that Smells Like Teen Spirit' could be this generation\u2019s version of the Sex Pistols' 1976 single, 'Anarchy in the U.K.', if it weren\u2019t for the bitter irony that pervades its title ... as Nirvana knows only too well, teen spirit is routinely bottled, shrink-wrapped and sold.\" Nirvana grew uncomfortable with the song's success, and in later concerts often excluded it from the set list. Prior to the release of the band's 1993 follow-up album \"In Utero\", Novoselic remarked, \"If it wasn't for 'Teen Spirit' I don't know how \"Nevermind\" would have done ... There are no 'Teen Spirits' on \" In Utero\". \" Cobain said in 1994, \"I still like playing 'Teen Spirit', but it's almost an embarrassment to play it ... Everyone has focused on that song so much.\" In the years following Cobain's 1994 suicide and Nirvana's breakup, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is often listed as one of the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" in 1997.", "In addition to a number-one placing in the singles category, \"Teen Spirit\" also topped the music video category in the \"Village Voice\"s 1991 \"Pazz & Jop\" poll. The video won Nirvana the Best New Artist and Best Alternative Group awards at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, and in 2000 the \"Guinness World Records\" named \"Teen Spirit\" the Most Played Video on MTV Europe. In subsequent years Amy Finnerty, formerly of MTV's Programming department, claimed the video \"changed the entire look of MTV\" by giving them \"a whole new generation to sell to\". \" Rolling Stone\" placed the music video for \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" at number two on their 1993 list of \"The 100 Top Music Videos\". MTV ranked the song's music video at number three on its \"100 Greatest Music Videos Ever Made\" list in 1999. VH1 placed the debut of the \"Teen Spirit\" video at number eighteen on its 2000 list of \"100 Greatest Rock & Roll Moments on TV\", noting that \"the video [ushered] in alternative rock as a commercial and pop culture force\". In 2001, VH1 ranked the video fourth on its \"100 Greatest Videos\" list. The video has been parodied at least twice: in \"Weird Al\" Yankovic's music video for \"Smells Like Nirvana\" and in Bob Sinclar's 2006 music video for \"Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)\". Published on YouTube in 2009 upon the debut of the music video streaming website Vevo, the video has over 960 million views . \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was first performed live on April 17, 1991 at the OK Hotel in Seattle, Washington.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit\" and \"Nevermind\" became a rare cross-format phenomenon, reaching all the major rock radio formats including modern rock, hard rock, album rock, and college radio. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was also a critical success. It topped the 1991 \"Village Voice\" \"Pazz & Jop\" and \"Melody Maker\" year-end polls, and reached number two on \"Rolling Stone's\" list of best singles of the year. The single peaked at number six on the \"Billboard\" singles chart the same week that \"Nevermind\" reached number one on the albums chart. \" Teen Spirit\" hit number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart, and has been certified platinum (onemillion copies shipped) by the Recording Industry Association of America. However, many American Top 40 stations were reluctant to play the song in regular rotation, and restricted it to night-time play. The single was also successful in other countries. In the United Kingdom, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" reached number seven and charted for 184 weeks. The song was nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Hard Rock Performance with Vocal and Best Rock Song. \"Entertainment Weekly\" would later name Nirvana's loss to Eric Clapton in the Best Rock Song category as one of the 10 biggest upsets in Grammy history. Outside the United States, the song topped the charts of Belgium, France, New Zealand, and Spain. It charted within the top five of several European countries and reached number five in Australia. It appeared on several year-end charts, including number 10 in New Zealand, number 17 in Belgium and Germany, and number 32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Year-End Chart. In the wake of Nirvana's success, Michael Azerrad wrote in a 1992 \"Rolling Stone\" article: \"'Smells Like Teen Spirit' is an anthem for (or is it against?)", "Teen Spirit (deodorant) Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\". When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind, and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick.\" Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances, Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes."], "answer": {"text": "Before they started their concert tour in the U.S. the band went to promote their album to Asia,", "answer_start": 1221}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "it was finally released on 26 February 2001,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album a hit?", "answer": {"text": "it debuted at number two in the Swedish Charts.", "answer_start": 162, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a hit in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "This pop sensation hit reached the top ten in other countries", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many copies did it sell worldwide?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#6", "question": "where in Asia did they go?", "rewrite": "where in Asia did the band the A-Teens go to promote \"Teen Spirit\"?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["more about [the meaning of] 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' now than before I plunked down for the official version of the facts. \" The book \"Teen Spirit: The Stories Behind Every Nirvana Song\" describes \"Teen Spirit\" as \"a typically murky Cobain exploration of meaning and meaninglessness\". Azerrad plays upon the juxtaposition of Cobain's contradictory lyrics (such as \"It's fun to lose and to pretend\") and states \"the point that emerges isn't just the conflict of two opposing ideas, but the confusion and anger that the conflict produces in the narrator\u2014he's angry that he's confused\". Azerrad's conclusion is that the song is \"alternately a sarcastic reaction to the idea of actually having a revolution, yet it also embraces the idea\". In \"Heavier Than Heaven\", Charles R. Cross' biography of Cobain, Cross argues that the song is a reference to Cobain's relationship with ex-girlfriend Tobi Vail. Cross cites the line \"She's over-bored and self-assured\" and states the song \"could not have been about anyone else\". Cross backs up his argument with lyrics which were present in earlier drafts, such as \"Who will be the King & Queen of the outcasted teens.\" \"Teen Spirit\" is widely interpreted as a teen revolution anthem, an interpretation reinforced by the music video. In an interview conducted the day \"Nevermind\" was released, Cobain stated the song was about his friends, explaining, \"We still feel as if we're teenagers because we don't follow the guidelines of what's expected of us to be adults ... It also has kind of a teen revolutionary theme.\"", "Teen Spirit (deodorant) Teen Spirit is a deodorant, originally sold by Mennen, then Colgate-Palmolive (after Colgate-Palmolive acquired Mennen in 1992). Teen Spirit was first released by Mennen early in 1991, and with heavy advertising campaigns, it had soon \"established a market niche\" with teen girls. Sales were boosted by the grunge band Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\". When Mennen was acquired by Colgate-Palmolive in 1992, the Teen Spirit brand was said to be the most popular product of its kind, and was the favorite of nearly 1/4 of all teenage girls. Because of its immense popularity, Colgate-Palmolive planned to begin a new hair care line with the Teen Spirit name. The new hair care products were released in August and sold well, as expected. The Teen Spirit name began to lose its share of the market, just as the song with the same name started to drop off the charts. Before long, the company was forced to drop the hair care line, but kept the deodorants. Today, all that is left of the Teen Spirit franchise is \"Teen-Spirit Stick.\" Teen Spirit Stick is now only offered in two fragrances, Pink Crush and Sweet Strawberry. It is available in either the 1.4 or 2.3 ounce (40 or 69 gram) sizes.", "Heartbreak Lullaby Heartbreak Lullaby was A-Teens fourth and final single from the German and Scandinavian versions of their second studio album \"Teen Spirit\" and for \"The Princess Diaries\" movie soundtrack in Europe and Asia. The song was written by Jan Kask, Peter Mansson and Cathy Dennis. By public demand, the song was released on radio and TV in Mexico in January 2002 to promote the album \"Teen Spirit - New Version\" but failed to get the public's attention peaking only at fifty-eight on the Airplay Chart. The single had minor exposure due to big competition on the winter releases by many artists. \"...To The Music\" was originally planned as the fourth single from the album, but Disney wanted the A-Teens to participate on the soundtrack for the movie \"The Princess Diaries\", the movie was already out in the United States and Latin America, for that reason, the single was only released in Europe and Asia. The song reached number-six on the Swedish charts and seventy-seven on the German charts in December 2001. The single release had \"I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday\" added and it was later included on a Disney Compilation of Christmas Songs for the American market. For the radio promotion and the video, the \"Ray Hedges 7\" Mix\" of the track from the \"Teen Spirit (New Edition)\" album was used instead of the main version of the song. the \"Ballad version\" of the album was later included on the \"Greatest Hits\" and their third studio album \"New Arrival\". The video was filmed in Germany and features scenes from the movie \"The Princess Diaries\". European 2-track CD single European/South-African CD Maxi", "the 'Why Ask Why?' generation. Just don't call Cobain a spokesman for a generation. \" Nevertheless, the music press awarded the song an \"anthem-of-a-generation\" status, placing Cobain as a reluctant spokesman for Generation X. \"The New York Times \" wrote that Smells Like Teen Spirit' could be this generation\u2019s version of the Sex Pistols' 1976 single, 'Anarchy in the U.K.', if it weren\u2019t for the bitter irony that pervades its title ... as Nirvana knows only too well, teen spirit is routinely bottled, shrink-wrapped and sold.\" Nirvana grew uncomfortable with the song's success, and in later concerts often excluded it from the set list. Prior to the release of the band's 1993 follow-up album \"In Utero\", Novoselic remarked, \"If it wasn't for 'Teen Spirit' I don't know how \"Nevermind\" would have done ... There are no 'Teen Spirits' on \" In Utero\". \" Cobain said in 1994, \"I still like playing 'Teen Spirit', but it's almost an embarrassment to play it ... Everyone has focused on that song so much.\" In the years following Cobain's 1994 suicide and Nirvana's breakup, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is often listed as one of the greatest songs of all time. It was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of \"The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\" in 1997.", "Smells Like Teen Spirit \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" is a song by American rock band Nirvana. It is the opening track and lead single from the band's second album, \"Nevermind\" (1991), released on DGC Records. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was Nirvana's biggest hit in most countries, placing high on music industry charts around the world in 1991 and 1992. The unexpected success propelled \"Nevermind\" to the top of the charts at the start of 1992, an event often marked as the point where grunge entered the mainstream. \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" received critical plaudits, including topping the \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critics' poll and winning two MTV Video Music Awards for its music video, which was in heavy rotation on music television. The song was dubbed an \"anthem for apathetic kids\" of Generation X, but the band grew uncomfortable with the attention it brought them. In the years since Kurt Cobain's death, listeners and critics have continued to praise \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" as one of the greatest songs in the history of rock music. Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain said that \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was an attempt to write a song in the style of the Pixies, a band he greatly admired: Cobain came up with the song's title when his friend Kathleen Hanna, at the time the lead singer of the riot grrrl band Bikini Kill, wrote \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his wall. Hanna meant that Cobain smelled like the deodorant Teen Spirit, which his then-girlfriend Tobi Vail wore. Cobain said he was unaware of the deodorant until months after the single was released, and had interpreted it as a revolutionary slogan, as they had been discussing anarchism and punk rock."], "answer": {"text": "stops in Japan, Singapore, Malaysia", "answer_start": 1323}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "it was finally released on 26 February 2001,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album a hit?", "answer": {"text": "it debuted at number two in the Swedish Charts.", "answer_start": 162, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a hit in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "This pop sensation hit reached the top ten in other countries", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many copies did it sell worldwide?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you tell me if there is any interesting information on the article please?", "answer": {"text": "Before they started their concert tour in the U.S. the band went to promote their album to Asia,", "answer_start": 1221, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9393574a6528435a9bcad784e7e6a097_0_q#7", "question": "did they tour anywhere else other than Asia and US?", "rewrite": "did the band the A-Teens tour anywhere else other than Asia and US?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Five years later, the band reunited for a set of shows in New York. Jeff explained: \"We like each other again, and thought it would be fun to play together again. This show is a one time thing. There are absolutely no plans to make another record, to go on a big tour anywhere or anything like that.\" Throughout their career, ASOB was praised for their high-energy live performances. One reviewer described that, \"They're climbing on the ceiling, the keyboardist would be jumping up and down on the keyboard swinging from hanging speakers, and the bassist would stage dive in an empty spot... land straight on his face, and keep rocking out as he had the time of his life.\"", "Marc Arcis Marc Arcis (1655\u20131739, Toulouse) was a French sculptor. He trained the painter Antoine Rivalz. He produced busts for a galerie des Illustres in Toulouse between 1674 and 1677. In Paris, he took part in the interior decoration of the \u00e9glise de la Sorbonne and produced works for Versailles. After 1690, he based himself solely in Toulouse, decorating several chapels and the churches of Saint-Sernin and Saint-\u00c9tienne there.", "The W\u00f6rld Is Ours - Vol. 2: Anyplace Crazy as Anywhere Else The W\u00f6rld Is Ours \u2013 Vol. 2: Anyplace Crazy as Anywhere Else is the twelfth live album by the band Mot\u00f6rhead, released on 21 September 2012, the third UDR GmbH / Mot\u00f6rhead Music / EMI collaboration, and is the entire concert at the Wacken Open Air, Germany, with parts of the Sonisphere, England, and Rock in Rio, Brazil, concerts from 2011. This was recorded on the 2011 leg of \"The W\u00f6rld is Ours\" tour. It is the entire concert at the Wacken Open Air Festival in Itzehoe, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany on 6 August, has parts of the Sinosphere Knebworth Festival, Knebworth, England on 10 July, and parts of the Rock in Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 25 September 2011. Unlike the previous two live albums, there are no guest musicians appearing on the album. This completes \"The W\u00f6rld Is Ours\" tour recordings, which started in 2010 and made it around the world, including Australia. This is released in a single DVD and a 2 CD, both in 5.1 Surround and 2.0 Stereo formats, and had a special DVD and CD release, just like its predecessor. Like the vast majority of albums by Mot\u00f6rhead since the mid 2000s, the release didn't impact on the public at large but did well with its regular fan bases around the world. If anything, it highlights the band's set by this stage in their career, as having progressed for so many years and nineteen albums later, it is at the point where time restraints are the problem. By now the band was playing a mixture of eighties songs - \"Iron Fist\" opening this half of the tour, \"", "Black-eared wheatear The black-eared wheatear (\"Oenanthe hispanica\") is a wheatear, a small migratory passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now more generally considered to be an Old World flycatcher (family Muscicapidae). This long insectivorous species is dimorphic with eastern and western races, sometimes split as eastern black-eared wheatear (\"Oenanthe melanoleuca\") and western black-eared wheatear (which then retains the name \"hispanica\"). In both forms, birds with or without a black throat are met with. The breeding male of the western form \"O. h. hispanica\" of the Iberian peninsula and north Africa has the forehead and crown white or nearly white, the mantle buff, and the wings blacker than those of the northern wheatear. The underparts are white tinged with buff. The back, upper tail coverts and most of the tail are white. The ear coverts and a line from the bill, and sometimes the throat, are black (sometimes referred to as dark morph). In autumn and winter the head and mantle are distinctly buff, as are the underparts, including the throat, but the buff varies in intensity. Except for the central pair, the tail feathers are much whiter than in the northern wheatear, the white on the inner web often extending to the tip. The female is a browner bird, but has the characteristic lower back, and her seasonal changes are less marked. The eastern \"O. h. melanoleuca\" is found in the eastern Mediterranean, and migrates to winter quarters in the Sudan.", "The physical release was limited to 500 copies, and contained the deluxe eight-track EP, plus two further bonus tracks not available anywhere else; a DVD containing an exclusive making-of documentary, four-song live set and three music videos; physical copies of the comic strip adaptations of \"Real Girl\" and \"From Listening to Lightning\"; plus a hand-signed poster and an individually numbered presentation box. After touring to promote the EP, the band returned to the studio to record further demos and improve tracks they had previously recorded. In March 2010, Brendan announced via his Twitter page that a second EP, entitled \"The Jupiter EP\", would be released in May, using the same format of release as the first EP. However, due to the death of one of the tour personnel, and a series of further tour dates being scheduled, the EP was indefinitely delayed. Brendan kept fans informed of the EP's progress, until the EP was finally released for download on December 23, 2010. In a similar format, if the customer donated $5 or less, they would simply receive the six songs contained on the EP. However, if they donated more than $5, they would receive two bonus tracks, plus a PDF file containing the comic strip adaptation of \"Bridges To Jupiter\". In July 2011, a physical release of \"The Jupiter EP\" was made available. The physical release was limited to 500 copies, and contained the deluxe eight-track EP, two further bonus tracks not available anywhere else; a DVD containing an exclusive making-of documentary, music videos to accompany each of the six tracks on the EP, a four-song live set and further bonus content; a physical copy of the comic strip adaptation of \"Bridges To Jupiter\"; plus a hand-signed poster and an individually numbered presentation box."], "answer": {"text": "the band toured with No Angels in Germany.", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the A-Teen's \"Teen Spirit:?", "answer": {"text": "The band's second album, entitled \"Teen Spirit\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the album released?", "answer": {"text": "it was finally released on 26 February 2001,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album a hit?", "answer": {"text": "it debuted at number two in the Swedish Charts.", "answer_start": 162, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it a hit in other parts of the world?", "answer": {"text": "This pop sensation hit reached the top ten in other countries", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many copies did it sell worldwide?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you tell me if there is any interesting information on the article please?", "answer": {"text": "Before they started their concert tour in the U.S. the band went to promote their album to Asia,", "answer_start": 1221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where in Asia did they go?", "answer": {"text": "stops in Japan, Singapore, Malaysia", "answer_start": 1323, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6bbfd0732884c53a6ca05f08d6696e6_0_q#0", "question": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "rewrite": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Henry IV (Pirandello) Henry IV ( ) is an Italian play \"(Enrico IV)\" by Luigi Pirandello written in 1921 and premiered to general acclaim at the Teatro Manzoni in Milan on 24 February 1922. A study on madness with comic and tragic elements , it is about a man who believes himself to be Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. It has been translated into English by Tom Stoppard, among others. Rex Harrison starred in a noted British production which went to Broadway in 1973, though the Stoppard translation was not used in the production. An unnamed Italian aristocrat falls off his horse while playing the role of Henry IV during carnevale festivities, which take place annually before Lent. After he comes to, he believes himself to be Henry. For the next twenty years, his family, including his sister and now his nephew, Marchese Carlo Di Nolli, maintain an elaborate charade in a remote Umbrian villa, decorated to resemble Henry's imperial palace at Goslar and staffed with servants hired to play the roles of Henry's privy councillors and simulate the eleventh-century court. De Nolli's dying mother requests that he bring a doctor, Dionisio Genoni, who is referred to as the latest in a succession to try to cure Henry. All the action of the play occurs on the day of the doctor's visit. Accompanying de Nolli and the doctor are: In the first two acts the visitors play parts from the period whilst interacting with Henry. The play begins with the induction of Berthold into the band of privy councillors. He has prepared for the part in Henry IV's court. The visitors then arrive and are later introduced to Henry. Henry mistakes the disguised Belcredi for the monk Peter Damian and reacts angrily, but is later calmed.", "Doctor Dolittle (musical) Doctor Dolittle is a stage musical with book, music and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse, based on the 1967 movie of the same name and the children's stories by Hugh Lofting about the adventures of a doctor who learns to speak the language of various animals and treats them as patients. The musical features the same songs as the film (which starred Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough), including the Academy Award-winning \"Talk To The Animals\". The musical made its world premiere in London at the Hammersmith Apollo in 1998, followed by tours of the UK and US. The world premiere production opened at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 14 July 1998 starring TV presenter and personality Phillip Schofield in the title role. The role played by Anthony Newley in the film was played by Irish television presenter and actor Bryan Smyth .The production was directed by Steven Pimlott, designed by Mark Thompson, lighting designed by Hugh Vanstone, choreographed by Aletta Collins and featured animal puppets provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The production also featured the pre-recorded voice of Julie Andrews as Polynesia the parrot. Following his run as Joseph in \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" at the London Palladium (after replacing Jason Donovan), \"Doctor Dolittle\" was Schofield's second stage musical he starred in. Leslie Bricusse stated that the title role would be played by someone younger than Rex Harrison was in the original movie;\"Rex Harrison [who originated the role in the 1968 film] was fabulous, but he was a generation and half older than the leading lady Samantha Eggar. With a younger Dr. Dolittle, the potential of that relationship is much greater. \"The", "Randy Harrison Randolph Clarke Harrison (born November 2, 1977) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Justin Taylor on the Showtime drama \"Queer as Folk\". Harrison was born in Nashua, New Hampshire, but moved to Alpharetta, Georgia with his family at age eleven. He attended Pace Academy, a private prep school in Atlanta. His father is an executive with a large paper company, while he has described his mother as a \"thwarted artist. \" His only sibling, an older brother, is a bank manager. Harrison attended the University of Cincinnati's College-Conservatory of Music (CCM), graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in musical theatre. During his time at CCM, Harrison starred in university productions such as \"Hello Again\", \"Shopping and Fucking,\" and \"Children of Eden\". He also had roles in other theatrical venues across the U.S., in productions such as \"Violet\" at the Ensemble Theatre of Cincinnati, \"1776\" at the St. Louis Municipal Theatre and \"West Side Story\" at the Forestburg Playhouse, as well as productions of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"The Real Inspector Hound\" and \"A Cheever Evening\". Harrison made his television debut playing Justin Taylor, a gay teen, in 2000's American version of \"Queer as Folk\", based on the British television series. The series ran for five seasons, ending in 2005. In 2002, Harrison played the character Sean in \"Bang Bang You're Dead\", a made-for-television movie based on the play of the same name. Harrison stars as Brutus in cinematographer/director/writer Patrick Donelley's postmodern feature film adaptation of \"Julius Caesar\" opposite actor John Shea as the title role. In 2002, Harrison starred in the play \"Deviant\" at the New York International Fringe Festival.", "He installed his son Richard D. Zanuck as head of production. In January 1963, Richard Zanuck signed Philip Dunne to write the script. In October 1963 Zanuck announced the film would be one of six \"roadshow\" movies the company would make over the next 12 months, worth $42 million all up. The others would be \"The Day Custer Fell\", \" Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines\", \"Justine\", \"The Sound of Music\" and \"The Sand Pebbles\". In November 1963 Charlton Heston signed to play the lead. Fox wanted Rex Harrison to co star and he wanted Fred Zinnemann to direct. By January Carol Reed was set to direct and Rex Harrison to co star. The film's production schedule ran from June 1964 to September 1964. When it came time to film the feature, the Sistine Chapel could not be used, and it was recreated on a sound stage at Cinecitt\u00e0 Studios in Rome, Italy. During the production, Rex Harrison and Charlton Heston did not get along. Twelve years later, while filming \"The Prince and the Pauper\", Harrison completely avoided Heston. According to his diary, Heston was interested in playing Michelangelo before any studios decided to produce the film. Once cast in the part, he was excited to act under Reed, who had directed \"The Third Man\" (1949). Heston felt that this would be the film to resurrect Reed's directorial reputation, describing it as having the best audience-preview responses than any film he had ever seen. However, it only did modest business at the box office. The film grossed around $4,000,000 during its US theatrical run in 1965. It later went on to make about $8,166,000 worldwide in rentals.", "Shalimar (1978 film)  Shalimar (Hindi : \u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930) is a 1978 Bollywood film, written and directed by Krishna Shah. The movie starred Dharmendra, Zeenat Aman, Shammi Kapoor, Prem Nath and Aruna Irani. English actor Rex Harrison and American actors John Saxon and Sylvia Miles appear in supporting roles in their first and only Bollywood film. Jayamalini does a dance number in the film. This was the last time that Mohammed Rafi's voice was picturized on Shammi Kapoor. Its English version is known as \"Raiders of the Sacred Stone\". Rex Harrison's voice was dubbed by Kader Khan. The plot is inspired by the novel \" The Vulture is a Patient Bird\" by James Hadley Chase. On the run from the police, S.S. Kumar(Dharmendra), a thief, comes across a private invitation to the island of Sir John Locksley (Rex Harrison) addressed to Raja Bahadur Singh. When the Raja is shot, Kumar takes him to a nearby hospital, dons a Sikh's turban, poses as the Raja's son and goes to the private island of Sir John. Also attending are K.P.W. Iyengar aka Romeo, Dr. Dubari, Colonel Columbus, and Countess Sylvia Rasmussen. A stunned Kumar finds out that all of these invitees are master criminals and thieves. Kumar's guise does not fool anyone, including his former sweetheart, Sheila Enders (Zeenat Aman), nevertheless Sir John permits him to stay on, as he feels that Kumar's career, though an amateur, is consistent with those already present. The reason why John has invited them is to find a successor to take his place as he is dying of cancer."], "answer": {"text": "Harrison's film debut was in The Great Game", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a6bbfd0732884c53a6ca05f08d6696e6_0_q#1", "question": "Was is considered to be a success?", "rewrite": "Was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in considered to be a success?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Henry IV (Pirandello) Henry IV ( ) is an Italian play \"(Enrico IV)\" by Luigi Pirandello written in 1921 and premiered to general acclaim at the Teatro Manzoni in Milan on 24 February 1922. A study on madness with comic and tragic elements , it is about a man who believes himself to be Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. It has been translated into English by Tom Stoppard, among others. Rex Harrison starred in a noted British production which went to Broadway in 1973, though the Stoppard translation was not used in the production. An unnamed Italian aristocrat falls off his horse while playing the role of Henry IV during carnevale festivities, which take place annually before Lent. After he comes to, he believes himself to be Henry. For the next twenty years, his family, including his sister and now his nephew, Marchese Carlo Di Nolli, maintain an elaborate charade in a remote Umbrian villa, decorated to resemble Henry's imperial palace at Goslar and staffed with servants hired to play the roles of Henry's privy councillors and simulate the eleventh-century court. De Nolli's dying mother requests that he bring a doctor, Dionisio Genoni, who is referred to as the latest in a succession to try to cure Henry. All the action of the play occurs on the day of the doctor's visit. Accompanying de Nolli and the doctor are: In the first two acts the visitors play parts from the period whilst interacting with Henry. The play begins with the induction of Berthold into the band of privy councillors. He has prepared for the part in Henry IV's court. The visitors then arrive and are later introduced to Henry. Henry mistakes the disguised Belcredi for the monk Peter Damian and reacts angrily, but is later calmed.", "Doctor Dolittle (musical) Doctor Dolittle is a stage musical with book, music and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse, based on the 1967 movie of the same name and the children's stories by Hugh Lofting about the adventures of a doctor who learns to speak the language of various animals and treats them as patients. The musical features the same songs as the film (which starred Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough), including the Academy Award-winning \"Talk To The Animals\". The musical made its world premiere in London at the Hammersmith Apollo in 1998, followed by tours of the UK and US. The world premiere production opened at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 14 July 1998 starring TV presenter and personality Phillip Schofield in the title role. The role played by Anthony Newley in the film was played by Irish television presenter and actor Bryan Smyth .The production was directed by Steven Pimlott, designed by Mark Thompson, lighting designed by Hugh Vanstone, choreographed by Aletta Collins and featured animal puppets provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The production also featured the pre-recorded voice of Julie Andrews as Polynesia the parrot. Following his run as Joseph in \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" at the London Palladium (after replacing Jason Donovan), \"Doctor Dolittle\" was Schofield's second stage musical he starred in. Leslie Bricusse stated that the title role would be played by someone younger than Rex Harrison was in the original movie;\"Rex Harrison [who originated the role in the 1968 film] was fabulous, but he was a generation and half older than the leading lady Samantha Eggar. With a younger Dr. Dolittle, the potential of that relationship is much greater. \"The", "He installed his son Richard D. Zanuck as head of production. In January 1963, Richard Zanuck signed Philip Dunne to write the script. In October 1963 Zanuck announced the film would be one of six \"roadshow\" movies the company would make over the next 12 months, worth $42 million all up. The others would be \"The Day Custer Fell\", \" Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines\", \"Justine\", \"The Sound of Music\" and \"The Sand Pebbles\". In November 1963 Charlton Heston signed to play the lead. Fox wanted Rex Harrison to co star and he wanted Fred Zinnemann to direct. By January Carol Reed was set to direct and Rex Harrison to co star. The film's production schedule ran from June 1964 to September 1964. When it came time to film the feature, the Sistine Chapel could not be used, and it was recreated on a sound stage at Cinecitt\u00e0 Studios in Rome, Italy. During the production, Rex Harrison and Charlton Heston did not get along. Twelve years later, while filming \"The Prince and the Pauper\", Harrison completely avoided Heston. According to his diary, Heston was interested in playing Michelangelo before any studios decided to produce the film. Once cast in the part, he was excited to act under Reed, who had directed \"The Third Man\" (1949). Heston felt that this would be the film to resurrect Reed's directorial reputation, describing it as having the best audience-preview responses than any film he had ever seen. However, it only did modest business at the box office. The film grossed around $4,000,000 during its US theatrical run in 1965. It later went on to make about $8,166,000 worldwide in rentals.", "Randy Harrison Randolph Clarke Harrison (born November 2, 1977) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Justin Taylor on the Showtime drama \"Queer as Folk\". Harrison was born in Nashua, New Hampshire, but moved to Alpharetta, Georgia with his family at age eleven. He attended Pace Academy, a private prep school in Atlanta. His father is an executive with a large paper company, while he has described his mother as a \"thwarted artist. \" His only sibling, an older brother, is a bank manager. Harrison attended the University of Cincinnati's College-Conservatory of Music (CCM), graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in musical theatre. During his time at CCM, Harrison starred in university productions such as \"Hello Again\", \"Shopping and Fucking,\" and \"Children of Eden\". He also had roles in other theatrical venues across the U.S., in productions such as \"Violet\" at the Ensemble Theatre of Cincinnati, \"1776\" at the St. Louis Municipal Theatre and \"West Side Story\" at the Forestburg Playhouse, as well as productions of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"The Real Inspector Hound\" and \"A Cheever Evening\". Harrison made his television debut playing Justin Taylor, a gay teen, in 2000's American version of \"Queer as Folk\", based on the British television series. The series ran for five seasons, ending in 2005. In 2002, Harrison played the character Sean in \"Bang Bang You're Dead\", a made-for-television movie based on the play of the same name. Harrison stars as Brutus in cinematographer/director/writer Patrick Donelley's postmodern feature film adaptation of \"Julius Caesar\" opposite actor John Shea as the title role. In 2002, Harrison starred in the play \"Deviant\" at the New York International Fringe Festival.", "Shalimar (1978 film)  Shalimar (Hindi : \u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930) is a 1978 Bollywood film, written and directed by Krishna Shah. The movie starred Dharmendra, Zeenat Aman, Shammi Kapoor, Prem Nath and Aruna Irani. English actor Rex Harrison and American actors John Saxon and Sylvia Miles appear in supporting roles in their first and only Bollywood film. Jayamalini does a dance number in the film. This was the last time that Mohammed Rafi's voice was picturized on Shammi Kapoor. Its English version is known as \"Raiders of the Sacred Stone\". Rex Harrison's voice was dubbed by Kader Khan. The plot is inspired by the novel \" The Vulture is a Patient Bird\" by James Hadley Chase. On the run from the police, S.S. Kumar(Dharmendra), a thief, comes across a private invitation to the island of Sir John Locksley (Rex Harrison) addressed to Raja Bahadur Singh. When the Raja is shot, Kumar takes him to a nearby hospital, dons a Sikh's turban, poses as the Raja's son and goes to the private island of Sir John. Also attending are K.P.W. Iyengar aka Romeo, Dr. Dubari, Colonel Columbus, and Countess Sylvia Rasmussen. A stunned Kumar finds out that all of these invitees are master criminals and thieves. Kumar's guise does not fool anyone, including his former sweetheart, Sheila Enders (Zeenat Aman), nevertheless Sir John permits him to stay on, as he feels that Kumar's career, though an amateur, is consistent with those already present. The reason why John has invited them is to find a successor to take his place as he is dying of cancer."], "answer": {"text": "). He was best known for his portrayal of Professor Henry Higgins in the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady,", "answer_start": 275}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's film debut was in The Great Game", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6bbfd0732884c53a6ca05f08d6696e6_0_q#2", "question": "Did this film do well with critics?", "rewrite": "Did the first film that Rex Harrison starred in do well with critics?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Doctor Dolittle (musical) Doctor Dolittle is a stage musical with book, music and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse, based on the 1967 movie of the same name and the children's stories by Hugh Lofting about the adventures of a doctor who learns to speak the language of various animals and treats them as patients. The musical features the same songs as the film (which starred Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough), including the Academy Award-winning \"Talk To The Animals\". The musical made its world premiere in London at the Hammersmith Apollo in 1998, followed by tours of the UK and US. The world premiere production opened at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 14 July 1998 starring TV presenter and personality Phillip Schofield in the title role. The role played by Anthony Newley in the film was played by Irish television presenter and actor Bryan Smyth .The production was directed by Steven Pimlott, designed by Mark Thompson, lighting designed by Hugh Vanstone, choreographed by Aletta Collins and featured animal puppets provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The production also featured the pre-recorded voice of Julie Andrews as Polynesia the parrot. Following his run as Joseph in \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" at the London Palladium (after replacing Jason Donovan), \"Doctor Dolittle\" was Schofield's second stage musical he starred in. Leslie Bricusse stated that the title role would be played by someone younger than Rex Harrison was in the original movie;\"Rex Harrison [who originated the role in the 1968 film] was fabulous, but he was a generation and half older than the leading lady Samantha Eggar. With a younger Dr. Dolittle, the potential of that relationship is much greater. \"The", "Henry IV (Pirandello) Henry IV ( ) is an Italian play \"(Enrico IV)\" by Luigi Pirandello written in 1921 and premiered to general acclaim at the Teatro Manzoni in Milan on 24 February 1922. A study on madness with comic and tragic elements , it is about a man who believes himself to be Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. It has been translated into English by Tom Stoppard, among others. Rex Harrison starred in a noted British production which went to Broadway in 1973, though the Stoppard translation was not used in the production. An unnamed Italian aristocrat falls off his horse while playing the role of Henry IV during carnevale festivities, which take place annually before Lent. After he comes to, he believes himself to be Henry. For the next twenty years, his family, including his sister and now his nephew, Marchese Carlo Di Nolli, maintain an elaborate charade in a remote Umbrian villa, decorated to resemble Henry's imperial palace at Goslar and staffed with servants hired to play the roles of Henry's privy councillors and simulate the eleventh-century court. De Nolli's dying mother requests that he bring a doctor, Dionisio Genoni, who is referred to as the latest in a succession to try to cure Henry. All the action of the play occurs on the day of the doctor's visit. Accompanying de Nolli and the doctor are: In the first two acts the visitors play parts from the period whilst interacting with Henry. The play begins with the induction of Berthold into the band of privy councillors. He has prepared for the part in Henry IV's court. The visitors then arrive and are later introduced to Henry. Henry mistakes the disguised Belcredi for the monk Peter Damian and reacts angrily, but is later calmed.", "He installed his son Richard D. Zanuck as head of production. In January 1963, Richard Zanuck signed Philip Dunne to write the script. In October 1963 Zanuck announced the film would be one of six \"roadshow\" movies the company would make over the next 12 months, worth $42 million all up. The others would be \"The Day Custer Fell\", \" Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines\", \"Justine\", \"The Sound of Music\" and \"The Sand Pebbles\". In November 1963 Charlton Heston signed to play the lead. Fox wanted Rex Harrison to co star and he wanted Fred Zinnemann to direct. By January Carol Reed was set to direct and Rex Harrison to co star. The film's production schedule ran from June 1964 to September 1964. When it came time to film the feature, the Sistine Chapel could not be used, and it was recreated on a sound stage at Cinecitt\u00e0 Studios in Rome, Italy. During the production, Rex Harrison and Charlton Heston did not get along. Twelve years later, while filming \"The Prince and the Pauper\", Harrison completely avoided Heston. According to his diary, Heston was interested in playing Michelangelo before any studios decided to produce the film. Once cast in the part, he was excited to act under Reed, who had directed \"The Third Man\" (1949). Heston felt that this would be the film to resurrect Reed's directorial reputation, describing it as having the best audience-preview responses than any film he had ever seen. However, it only did modest business at the box office. The film grossed around $4,000,000 during its US theatrical run in 1965. It later went on to make about $8,166,000 worldwide in rentals.", "Randy Harrison Randolph Clarke Harrison (born November 2, 1977) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of Justin Taylor on the Showtime drama \"Queer as Folk\". Harrison was born in Nashua, New Hampshire, but moved to Alpharetta, Georgia with his family at age eleven. He attended Pace Academy, a private prep school in Atlanta. His father is an executive with a large paper company, while he has described his mother as a \"thwarted artist. \" His only sibling, an older brother, is a bank manager. Harrison attended the University of Cincinnati's College-Conservatory of Music (CCM), graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in musical theatre. During his time at CCM, Harrison starred in university productions such as \"Hello Again\", \"Shopping and Fucking,\" and \"Children of Eden\". He also had roles in other theatrical venues across the U.S., in productions such as \"Violet\" at the Ensemble Theatre of Cincinnati, \"1776\" at the St. Louis Municipal Theatre and \"West Side Story\" at the Forestburg Playhouse, as well as productions of \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\", \"The Real Inspector Hound\" and \"A Cheever Evening\". Harrison made his television debut playing Justin Taylor, a gay teen, in 2000's American version of \"Queer as Folk\", based on the British television series. The series ran for five seasons, ending in 2005. In 2002, Harrison played the character Sean in \"Bang Bang You're Dead\", a made-for-television movie based on the play of the same name. Harrison stars as Brutus in cinematographer/director/writer Patrick Donelley's postmodern feature film adaptation of \"Julius Caesar\" opposite actor John Shea as the title role. In 2002, Harrison starred in the play \"Deviant\" at the New York International Fringe Festival.", "Shalimar (1978 film)  Shalimar (Hindi : \u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930) is a 1978 Bollywood film, written and directed by Krishna Shah. The movie starred Dharmendra, Zeenat Aman, Shammi Kapoor, Prem Nath and Aruna Irani. English actor Rex Harrison and American actors John Saxon and Sylvia Miles appear in supporting roles in their first and only Bollywood film. Jayamalini does a dance number in the film. This was the last time that Mohammed Rafi's voice was picturized on Shammi Kapoor. Its English version is known as \"Raiders of the Sacred Stone\". Rex Harrison's voice was dubbed by Kader Khan. The plot is inspired by the novel \" The Vulture is a Patient Bird\" by James Hadley Chase. On the run from the police, S.S. Kumar(Dharmendra), a thief, comes across a private invitation to the island of Sir John Locksley (Rex Harrison) addressed to Raja Bahadur Singh. When the Raja is shot, Kumar takes him to a nearby hospital, dons a Sikh's turban, poses as the Raja's son and goes to the private island of Sir John. Also attending are K.P.W. Iyengar aka Romeo, Dr. Dubari, Colonel Columbus, and Countess Sylvia Rasmussen. A stunned Kumar finds out that all of these invitees are master criminals and thieves. Kumar's guise does not fool anyone, including his former sweetheart, Sheila Enders (Zeenat Aman), nevertheless Sir John permits him to stay on, as he feels that Kumar's career, though an amateur, is consistent with those already present. The reason why John has invited them is to find a successor to take his place as he is dying of cancer."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's film debut was in The Great Game", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was is considered to be a success?", "answer": {"text": "). He was best known for his portrayal of Professor Henry Higgins in the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady,", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6bbfd0732884c53a6ca05f08d6696e6_0_q#3", "question": "Did he act in any other films?", "rewrite": "Besides the first film, did Rex Harrison act in any other films?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2003, China was estimated to have four million regular drug users and one million registered drug addicts. In the USA, the Harrison Act was passed in 1914, and required sellers of opiates and cocaine to get a license. While originally intended to regulate the trade, it soon became a prohibitive law, eventually becoming legal precedent that any prescription for a narcotic given by a physician or pharmacist \u2013 even in the course of medical treatment for addiction \u2013 constituted conspiracy to violate the Harrison Act. In 1919, the Supreme Court ruled in \"Doremus\" that the Harrison Act was constitutional and in \"Webb\" that physicians could not prescribe narcotics solely for maintenance. In \"Jin Fuey Moy v. United States\", the court upheld that it was a violation of the Harrison Act even if a physician provided prescription of a narcotic for an addict, and thus subject to criminal prosecution. This is also true of the later Marijuana Tax Act in 1937. Soon, however, licensing bodies did not issue licenses, effectively banning the drugs. The American judicial system did not initially accept drug prohibition. Prosecutors argued that possessing drugs was a tax violation, as no legal licenses to sell drugs were in existence; hence, a person possessing drugs must have purchased them from an unlicensed source. After some wrangling, this was accepted as federal jurisdiction under the interstate commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution. The prohibition of alcohol commenced in Finland in 1919 and in the United States in 1920. Because alcohol was the most popular recreational drug in these countries, reactions to its prohibition were far more negative than to the prohibition of other drugs, which were commonly associated with ethnic minorities, prostitution, and vice. Public pressure led to the repeal of alcohol prohibition in Finland in 1932, and in the United States in 1933.", "The committee took into consideration the fact that the federal government had already passed the Harrison Act in 1914 and the Federal Import and Export Act in 1922. Many people assumed that the Harrison Act was all that was necessary. The Harrison Act, however, was a revenue-producing act and, while it provided penalties for violation, it did not give the states themselves authority to exercise police power in regard to seizure of drugs used in illicit trade, or in regard to punishment of those responsible. The act was recommended to the states for that purpose. As a result of the Uniform State Narcotic Act, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics encouraged state governments to adopt the act. By the middle of the 1930s all member states had some regulation of cannabis. The use of cannabis and other drugs came under increasing scrutiny after the formation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (FBN) in 1930, headed by Harry J. Anslinger as part of the government's broader push to outlaw all recreational drugs. Anslinger claimed cannabis caused people to commit violent crimes and act irrationally and overly sexual. The FBN produced propaganda films promoting Anslinger's views and Anslinger often commented to the press regarding his views on marijuana. In 1936 the Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs (1936 Trafficking Convention) was concluded in Geneva. The U.S., led by Anslinger, had attempted to include the criminalization of all activities in the treaty \u2013 cultivation, production, manufacture and distribution \u2013 related to the use of opium, coca (and its derivatives), and cannabis, for non-medical and non-scientific purposes. Many countries opposed this and the focus remained on illicit trafficking. Article 2 of the Convention called upon signatory countries to use their national criminal law systems to \"severely\" punish, \"particularly by imprisonment or other penalties of deprivation of liberty\", acts directly related to drug trafficking.", "It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version.", "He installed his son Richard D. Zanuck as head of production. In January 1963, Richard Zanuck signed Philip Dunne to write the script. In October 1963 Zanuck announced the film would be one of six \"roadshow\" movies the company would make over the next 12 months, worth $42 million all up. The others would be \"The Day Custer Fell\", \" Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines\", \"Justine\", \"The Sound of Music\" and \"The Sand Pebbles\". In November 1963 Charlton Heston signed to play the lead. Fox wanted Rex Harrison to co star and he wanted Fred Zinnemann to direct. By January Carol Reed was set to direct and Rex Harrison to co star. The film's production schedule ran from June 1964 to September 1964. When it came time to film the feature, the Sistine Chapel could not be used, and it was recreated on a sound stage at Cinecitt\u00e0 Studios in Rome, Italy. During the production, Rex Harrison and Charlton Heston did not get along. Twelve years later, while filming \"The Prince and the Pauper\", Harrison completely avoided Heston. According to his diary, Heston was interested in playing Michelangelo before any studios decided to produce the film. Once cast in the part, he was excited to act under Reed, who had directed \"The Third Man\" (1949). Heston felt that this would be the film to resurrect Reed's directorial reputation, describing it as having the best audience-preview responses than any film he had ever seen. However, it only did modest business at the box office. The film grossed around $4,000,000 during its US theatrical run in 1965. It later went on to make about $8,166,000 worldwide in rentals.", "Cullen\u2013Harrison Act The Cullen\u2013Harrison Act, named for its sponsors, Senator Pat Harrison and Representative Thomas H. Cullen, enacted by the United States Congress on March 21, 1933 and signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt the following day, legalized the sale in the United States of beer with an alcohol content of 3.2% (by weight) and wine of similarly low alcohol content, thought to be too low to be intoxicating, effective April 7, 1933. Upon signing the legislation, Roosevelt made his famous remark, \"I think this would be a good time for a beer.\" According to the Cullen\u2013Harrison Act, states had to pass their own similar legislation to legalize sale of the low alcohol beverages within their borders. Roosevelt had previously sent a short message to Congress requesting such a bill. Sale of even low alcohol beer had been illegal in the U.S. since Prohibition started in 1920 following the 1919 passage of the Volstead Act. Throngs gathered outside breweries and taverns to celebrate the return of 3.2 beer. The passage of the Cullen\u2013 Harrison Act is celebrated as National Beer Day every year on April 7 in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "He also starred in 1967's Doctor Dolittle.", "answer_start": 536}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's film debut was in The Great Game", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was is considered to be a success?", "answer": {"text": "). He was best known for his portrayal of Professor Henry Higgins in the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady,", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this film do well with critics?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6bbfd0732884c53a6ca05f08d6696e6_0_q#4", "question": "Who did he act with?", "rewrite": "Who did Rex Harrison act 1967's Doctor Dolittle with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Doctor Dolittle characters This is a list of characters from the \"Doctor Dolittle\" series of children's books by Hugh Lofting and movies based on them. Most of the characters were introduced in the first book, \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\". Doctor John Dolittle is an English doctor who became a doctor for animals after his parrot, Polynesia, taught him to speak animal languages. He lives in the fictional town of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in England's West Country, along with his many animal friends. He has very few human friends and spends most of his time treating animals, travelling the world with his animals and conducting research into new animals and new forms of animal languages. He is portrayed by Rex Harrison in the 1967 film \"Doctor Dolittle\", Eddie Murphy in \"Dr. Dolittle\" (1998) and \"Dr. Dolittle 2\" (2001), and by Robert Downey Jr. in \"Dolittle\" (2020). The Murphy films bear little resemblance to Lofting's character or plots. In the TV series, Doctor Dolittle is voiced by Bob Holt. Tommy Stubbins is a boy from Puddleby who, after taking an injured squirrel to Doctor Dolittle, becomes the doctor's friend and assistant. His father is the doctor's favourite shoemaker. He first appears in \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" and acts as the narrator in all the books that take place after his arrival. He is portrayed by William Dix in the 1967 film, and by Harry Collett in the 2020 film. Matthew Mugg is the Cat's-meat-man from Puddleby. He is a friend of Doctor Dolittle and helps to take care of the doctor's house and garden when the doctor is away travelling.", "Hugh Lofting's character Doctor John Dolittle, an English physician from Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in the West Country, who could speak to animals, first saw light in the author's illustrated letters to children, written from the trenches during the 1914\u20131918 War, when actual news, he later said, was either too horrible or too dull. The stories are set in early Victorian England in the 1820s\u20131840s (\"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" gives a date of 1839). He was living in Killingworth, Connecticut, while he wrote most of the instalments to the series. \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle: Being the History of His Peculiar Life at Home and Astonishing Adventures in Foreign Parts Never Before Printed\" (1920) began the series and won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958. The sequel \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" (1922) won Lofting the prestigious Newbery Medal. Eight more books followed, and after Lofting's death two more appeared, composed of short previously unpublished pieces. The internal chronology of the books is somewhat different from the publishing order. The first book is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle's Post Office\" (1923), \"Doctor Dolittle's Circus\" (1924) and \"Doctor Dolittle's Caravan\" (1926). Only then follows the second book, \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" (1922), continued by \"Doctor Dolittle's Zoo\" (1925). After that, the publishing order is restored; \"Doctor Dolittle's Garden\" (1927) is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle in the Moon\" (1928) and \"Doctor Dolittle's Return\" (1933), ending with \"Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake\" (1948).", "Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)  Doctor Dolittle (also known as Dr. Dolittle) is a 1967 American DeLuxe Color musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough. It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting. It primarily fuses three of the books \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\", \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\", and \"Doctor Dolittle's Circus\". The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story. The film exceeded its original budget of $6 million by three times, and recouped $9 million upon release in 1967, earning only $6.2 million in theatrical rentals. The film received mixed to negative critical reviews, but through the studio's intense lobbying, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects. In early Victorian England, Matthew Mugg (Anthony Newley) takes his young friend Tommy Stubbins (William Dix) to visit eccentric Doctor John Dolittle (Rex Harrison) for an injured duck that Matthew had acquired from a local fisherman. Dolittle, a former medical doctor, lives with an extended menagerie, including a chimpanzee named Chee-Chee, a dog named Jip, and a talking parrot named Polynesia (the uncredited voice of Ginny Tyler). Dolittle claims that he can talk to animals. In a flashback, he explains that he kept so many animals in his home that they created havoc with his human patients, who took their medical needs elsewhere.", "Doctor Dolittle (musical) Doctor Dolittle is a stage musical with book, music and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse, based on the 1967 movie of the same name and the children's stories by Hugh Lofting about the adventures of a doctor who learns to speak the language of various animals and treats them as patients. The musical features the same songs as the film (which starred Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough), including the Academy Award-winning \"Talk To The Animals\". The musical made its world premiere in London at the Hammersmith Apollo in 1998, followed by tours of the UK and US. The world premiere production opened at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 14 July 1998 starring TV presenter and personality Phillip Schofield in the title role. The role played by Anthony Newley in the film was played by Irish television presenter and actor Bryan Smyth .The production was directed by Steven Pimlott, designed by Mark Thompson, lighting designed by Hugh Vanstone, choreographed by Aletta Collins and featured animal puppets provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The production also featured the pre-recorded voice of Julie Andrews as Polynesia the parrot. Following his run as Joseph in \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" at the London Palladium (after replacing Jason Donovan), \"Doctor Dolittle\" was Schofield's second stage musical he starred in. Leslie Bricusse stated that the title role would be played by someone younger than Rex Harrison was in the original movie;\"Rex Harrison [who originated the role in the 1968 film] was fabulous, but he was a generation and half older than the leading lady Samantha Eggar. With a younger Dr. Dolittle, the potential of that relationship is much greater. \"The", "The main events of \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\" take place in 1819 or 1820, although the events of the early chapters seem to be spread over several years. \" The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" begins in 1839. Backstory references indicate that Dr. Dolittle travelled to the North Pole in April 1809, and already knew how to speak to some species of animals at that date, suggesting that the early chapters of \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\" take place before that date. However, it is possible that the internal chronology is not consistent. The internal chronology of the books is somewhat different from the publishing order. The first book is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle's Circus\" (1924), \"Doctor Dolittle's Caravan\" (1926), \"Doctor Dolittle and the Green Canary\" (1950), and \"Doctor Dolittle's Post Office\" (1923). Only then follows the second book, \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" (1922), continued by \"Doctor Dolittle's Zoo\" (1925). After that, the publishing order is restored; \"Doctor Dolittle's Garden\" (1927) is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle in the Moon\" (1928) and \"Doctor Dolittle's Return\" (1933), ending with \"Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake\" (1948). The stories, in order of internal chronology, are:   There have been a number of adaptations of the Doctor Dolittle stories in other media: A Russian children's novel \"Doctor Aybolit\" (Doctor Oh-it-hurts) by Korney Chukovsky (first published in 1924) was loosely based on the stories of Doctor Dolittle. The original novel credited Lofting's work, as did Chukovsky in his memoirs."], "answer": {"text": "Maggie Smith and Cliff Robertson,", "answer_start": 1430}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's film debut was in The Great Game", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was is considered to be a success?", "answer": {"text": "). He was best known for his portrayal of Professor Henry Higgins in the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady,", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this film do well with critics?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other films?", "answer": {"text": "He also starred in 1967's Doctor Dolittle.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6bbfd0732884c53a6ca05f08d6696e6_0_q#5", "question": "Did he star in any other movies?", "rewrite": "Besides 1967's Doctor Dolittle, did Rex Harrison star in any other movies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Doctor Dolittle (musical) Doctor Dolittle is a stage musical with book, music and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse, based on the 1967 movie of the same name and the children's stories by Hugh Lofting about the adventures of a doctor who learns to speak the language of various animals and treats them as patients. The musical features the same songs as the film (which starred Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough), including the Academy Award-winning \"Talk To The Animals\". The musical made its world premiere in London at the Hammersmith Apollo in 1998, followed by tours of the UK and US. The world premiere production opened at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 14 July 1998 starring TV presenter and personality Phillip Schofield in the title role. The role played by Anthony Newley in the film was played by Irish television presenter and actor Bryan Smyth .The production was directed by Steven Pimlott, designed by Mark Thompson, lighting designed by Hugh Vanstone, choreographed by Aletta Collins and featured animal puppets provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The production also featured the pre-recorded voice of Julie Andrews as Polynesia the parrot. Following his run as Joseph in \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" at the London Palladium (after replacing Jason Donovan), \"Doctor Dolittle\" was Schofield's second stage musical he starred in. Leslie Bricusse stated that the title role would be played by someone younger than Rex Harrison was in the original movie;\"Rex Harrison [who originated the role in the 1968 film] was fabulous, but he was a generation and half older than the leading lady Samantha Eggar. With a younger Dr. Dolittle, the potential of that relationship is much greater. \"The", "Doctor Dolittle (1967 film)  Doctor Dolittle (also known as Dr. Dolittle) is a 1967 American DeLuxe Color musical film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough. It was adapted by Leslie Bricusse from the novel series by Hugh Lofting. It primarily fuses three of the books \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\", \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\", and \"Doctor Dolittle's Circus\". The film had a notoriously protracted production with numerous setbacks along the way such as complications from poorly chosen shooting locations and the numerous technical difficulties inherent with the large number of animals required for the story. The film exceeded its original budget of $6 million by three times, and recouped $9 million upon release in 1967, earning only $6.2 million in theatrical rentals. The film received mixed to negative critical reviews, but through the studio's intense lobbying, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and won awards for Best Original Song and Best Visual Effects. In early Victorian England, Matthew Mugg (Anthony Newley) takes his young friend Tommy Stubbins (William Dix) to visit eccentric Doctor John Dolittle (Rex Harrison) for an injured duck that Matthew had acquired from a local fisherman. Dolittle, a former medical doctor, lives with an extended menagerie, including a chimpanzee named Chee-Chee, a dog named Jip, and a talking parrot named Polynesia (the uncredited voice of Ginny Tyler). Dolittle claims that he can talk to animals. In a flashback, he explains that he kept so many animals in his home that they created havoc with his human patients, who took their medical needs elsewhere.", "Hugh Lofting's character Doctor John Dolittle, an English physician from Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in the West Country, who could speak to animals, first saw light in the author's illustrated letters to children, written from the trenches during the 1914\u20131918 War, when actual news, he later said, was either too horrible or too dull. The stories are set in early Victorian England in the 1820s\u20131840s (\"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" gives a date of 1839). He was living in Killingworth, Connecticut, while he wrote most of the instalments to the series. \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle: Being the History of His Peculiar Life at Home and Astonishing Adventures in Foreign Parts Never Before Printed\" (1920) began the series and won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958. The sequel \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" (1922) won Lofting the prestigious Newbery Medal. Eight more books followed, and after Lofting's death two more appeared, composed of short previously unpublished pieces. The internal chronology of the books is somewhat different from the publishing order. The first book is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle's Post Office\" (1923), \"Doctor Dolittle's Circus\" (1924) and \"Doctor Dolittle's Caravan\" (1926). Only then follows the second book, \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" (1922), continued by \"Doctor Dolittle's Zoo\" (1925). After that, the publishing order is restored; \"Doctor Dolittle's Garden\" (1927) is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle in the Moon\" (1928) and \"Doctor Dolittle's Return\" (1933), ending with \"Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake\" (1948).", "The main events of \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\" take place in 1819 or 1820, although the events of the early chapters seem to be spread over several years. \" The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" begins in 1839. Backstory references indicate that Dr. Dolittle travelled to the North Pole in April 1809, and already knew how to speak to some species of animals at that date, suggesting that the early chapters of \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\" take place before that date. However, it is possible that the internal chronology is not consistent. The internal chronology of the books is somewhat different from the publishing order. The first book is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle's Circus\" (1924), \"Doctor Dolittle's Caravan\" (1926), \"Doctor Dolittle and the Green Canary\" (1950), and \"Doctor Dolittle's Post Office\" (1923). Only then follows the second book, \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" (1922), continued by \"Doctor Dolittle's Zoo\" (1925). After that, the publishing order is restored; \"Doctor Dolittle's Garden\" (1927) is followed by \"Doctor Dolittle in the Moon\" (1928) and \"Doctor Dolittle's Return\" (1933), ending with \"Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake\" (1948). The stories, in order of internal chronology, are:   There have been a number of adaptations of the Doctor Dolittle stories in other media: A Russian children's novel \"Doctor Aybolit\" (Doctor Oh-it-hurts) by Korney Chukovsky (first published in 1924) was loosely based on the stories of Doctor Dolittle. The original novel credited Lofting's work, as did Chukovsky in his memoirs.", "List of Doctor Dolittle characters This is a list of characters from the \"Doctor Dolittle\" series of children's books by Hugh Lofting and movies based on them. Most of the characters were introduced in the first book, \"The Story of Doctor Dolittle\". Doctor John Dolittle is an English doctor who became a doctor for animals after his parrot, Polynesia, taught him to speak animal languages. He lives in the fictional town of Puddleby-on-the-Marsh in England's West Country, along with his many animal friends. He has very few human friends and spends most of his time treating animals, travelling the world with his animals and conducting research into new animals and new forms of animal languages. He is portrayed by Rex Harrison in the 1967 film \"Doctor Dolittle\", Eddie Murphy in \"Dr. Dolittle\" (1998) and \"Dr. Dolittle 2\" (2001), and by Robert Downey Jr. in \"Dolittle\" (2020). The Murphy films bear little resemblance to Lofting's character or plots. In the TV series, Doctor Dolittle is voiced by Bob Holt. Tommy Stubbins is a boy from Puddleby who, after taking an injured squirrel to Doctor Dolittle, becomes the doctor's friend and assistant. His father is the doctor's favourite shoemaker. He first appears in \"The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle\" and acts as the narrator in all the books that take place after his arrival. He is portrayed by William Dix in the 1967 film, and by Harry Collett in the 2020 film. Matthew Mugg is the Cat's-meat-man from Puddleby. He is a friend of Doctor Dolittle and helps to take care of the doctor's house and garden when the doctor is away travelling."], "answer": {"text": "He starred in the 1968 comedy The Honey Pot,", "answer_start": 1314}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's film debut was in The Great Game", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was is considered to be a success?", "answer": {"text": "). He was best known for his portrayal of Professor Henry Higgins in the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady,", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this film do well with critics?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other films?", "answer": {"text": "He also starred in 1967's Doctor Dolittle.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he act with?", "answer": {"text": "Maggie Smith and Cliff Robertson,", "answer_start": 1430, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6bbfd0732884c53a6ca05f08d6696e6_0_q#6", "question": "Was he noted for anything else as a film actor?", "rewrite": "Besides acting in films, was Rex Harrison noted for anything else as a film actor?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Shalimar (1978 film)  Shalimar (Hindi : \u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0930) is a 1978 Bollywood film, written and directed by Krishna Shah. The movie starred Dharmendra, Zeenat Aman, Shammi Kapoor, Prem Nath and Aruna Irani. English actor Rex Harrison and American actors John Saxon and Sylvia Miles appear in supporting roles in their first and only Bollywood film. Jayamalini does a dance number in the film. This was the last time that Mohammed Rafi's voice was picturized on Shammi Kapoor. Its English version is known as \"Raiders of the Sacred Stone\". Rex Harrison's voice was dubbed by Kader Khan. The plot is inspired by the novel \" The Vulture is a Patient Bird\" by James Hadley Chase. On the run from the police, S.S. Kumar(Dharmendra), a thief, comes across a private invitation to the island of Sir John Locksley (Rex Harrison) addressed to Raja Bahadur Singh. When the Raja is shot, Kumar takes him to a nearby hospital, dons a Sikh's turban, poses as the Raja's son and goes to the private island of Sir John. Also attending are K.P.W. Iyengar aka Romeo, Dr. Dubari, Colonel Columbus, and Countess Sylvia Rasmussen. A stunned Kumar finds out that all of these invitees are master criminals and thieves. Kumar's guise does not fool anyone, including his former sweetheart, Sheila Enders (Zeenat Aman), nevertheless Sir John permits him to stay on, as he feels that Kumar's career, though an amateur, is consistent with those already present. The reason why John has invited them is to find a successor to take his place as he is dying of cancer.", "Doctor Dolittle (musical) Doctor Dolittle is a stage musical with book, music and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse, based on the 1967 movie of the same name and the children's stories by Hugh Lofting about the adventures of a doctor who learns to speak the language of various animals and treats them as patients. The musical features the same songs as the film (which starred Rex Harrison, Samantha Eggar, Anthony Newley and Richard Attenborough), including the Academy Award-winning \"Talk To The Animals\". The musical made its world premiere in London at the Hammersmith Apollo in 1998, followed by tours of the UK and US. The world premiere production opened at the Hammersmith Apollo in London on 14 July 1998 starring TV presenter and personality Phillip Schofield in the title role. The role played by Anthony Newley in the film was played by Irish television presenter and actor Bryan Smyth .The production was directed by Steven Pimlott, designed by Mark Thompson, lighting designed by Hugh Vanstone, choreographed by Aletta Collins and featured animal puppets provided by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The production also featured the pre-recorded voice of Julie Andrews as Polynesia the parrot. Following his run as Joseph in \"Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat\" at the London Palladium (after replacing Jason Donovan), \"Doctor Dolittle\" was Schofield's second stage musical he starred in. Leslie Bricusse stated that the title role would be played by someone younger than Rex Harrison was in the original movie;\"Rex Harrison [who originated the role in the 1968 film] was fabulous, but he was a generation and half older than the leading lady Samantha Eggar. With a younger Dr. Dolittle, the potential of that relationship is much greater. \"The", "He installed his son Richard D. Zanuck as head of production. In January 1963, Richard Zanuck signed Philip Dunne to write the script. In October 1963 Zanuck announced the film would be one of six \"roadshow\" movies the company would make over the next 12 months, worth $42 million all up. The others would be \"The Day Custer Fell\", \" Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines\", \"Justine\", \"The Sound of Music\" and \"The Sand Pebbles\". In November 1963 Charlton Heston signed to play the lead. Fox wanted Rex Harrison to co star and he wanted Fred Zinnemann to direct. By January Carol Reed was set to direct and Rex Harrison to co star. The film's production schedule ran from June 1964 to September 1964. When it came time to film the feature, the Sistine Chapel could not be used, and it was recreated on a sound stage at Cinecitt\u00e0 Studios in Rome, Italy. During the production, Rex Harrison and Charlton Heston did not get along. Twelve years later, while filming \"The Prince and the Pauper\", Harrison completely avoided Heston. According to his diary, Heston was interested in playing Michelangelo before any studios decided to produce the film. Once cast in the part, he was excited to act under Reed, who had directed \"The Third Man\" (1949). Heston felt that this would be the film to resurrect Reed's directorial reputation, describing it as having the best audience-preview responses than any film he had ever seen. However, it only did modest business at the box office. The film grossed around $4,000,000 during its US theatrical run in 1965. It later went on to make about $8,166,000 worldwide in rentals.", "In films, she continued to play women with lusty appetites as in Lindsay Anderson's \"O Lucky Man!\" (1973), although the haunting Australian-made \"Picnic at Hanging Rock\" (1975), directed by Peter Weir, provided her with a different kind of role, as the authoritarian head teacher of a Victorian girls' school. After relocating to Los Angeles in the early 1970s, she appeared in supporting roles in several American films such as \"Foul Play\" (1978). Her final British film was \"Yanks\" (1979), directed by John Schlesinger, for which she received a Supporting Actress BAFTA. In 1976, she won a Drama Desk Award for her performance in Alan Bennett's play \"Habeas Corpus\". In 1979, Roberts co-starred with Jill Bennett in the London Weekend Television production of Alan Bennett's \"The Old Crowd\", directed by Lindsay Anderson and Stephen Frears. Roberts was married twice and had no children. She first married actor Alan Dobie in 1955. They divorced in 1960. The following year, Roberts married actor Rex Harrison in Genoa, Italy. The marriage was tumultuous; Roberts and Harrison both drank excessively and engaged in public fights. Harrison later left Roberts and they divorced in 1971. Later that year, Harrison married British socialite Elizabeth Rees-Williams, Roberts's former best friend. Roberts was known in the entertainment industry as a legendary alcoholic, with a history of eccentric behaviour. She had a habit of imitating a Welsh Corgi when intoxicated and once, at a party thrown by Richard Harris, attacked actor Robert Mitchum on all fours, chewing his trousers and champing on his bare skin, while he patted her on the head, saying \"there, there\". Devastated by her divorce from Rex Harrison, Roberts' alcoholism and depression worsened.", "It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version."], "answer": {"text": "\"), he attracted favourable notices in dramatic roles such as his portrayal of Julius Caesar in Cleopatra (1963) and as Pope Julius II in The Agony and the Ecstasy (", "answer_start": 542}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first film that Rex Harrison starred in?", "answer": {"text": "Harrison's film debut was in The Great Game", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was is considered to be a success?", "answer": {"text": "). He was best known for his portrayal of Professor Henry Higgins in the 1964 film version of My Fair Lady,", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this film do well with critics?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he act in any other films?", "answer": {"text": "He also starred in 1967's Doctor Dolittle.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he act with?", "answer": {"text": "Maggie Smith and Cliff Robertson,", "answer_start": 1430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he star in any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "He starred in the 1968 comedy The Honey Pot,", "answer_start": 1314, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f02cbbd659b430db4d8d78bd4235163_0_q#0", "question": "Who did Robert F. Kennedy run against in the senate?", "rewrite": "Who did Robert F. Kennedy run against in the senate?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (formerly the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, or RFK Center) is an American nonprofit human rights advocacy organization. It was named after Senator Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, a few months after his assassination. The organization works to support recipients of the RFK Human Rights Award, and supports investigative journalists and authors through the RFK Book and Journalism Awards. It is based in Washington, D.C. The Robert F. Kennedy Memorial was originally established as a non-profit organization in Washington, D.C., in October, 1968. The Kennedy family and friends looked to memorialize Robert Kennedy's public service following his assassination on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California. Fred Dutton, a long-time friend and Kennedy ally, was named executive director, and Peter B. Edelman, a member of Kennedy's senatorial staff, became associate director. The chairman of the executive committee was Robert S. McNamara. The Memorial was announced during a press conference at Hickory Hill in McLean, Virginia, on Tuesday, October 29, 1968. Kennedy's brother Ted led the press conference, stating that the organization would be a \"living memorial\" that would work in areas of poverty, crime, and education in America. He went on to say the Memorial would be \"an action-oriented program that we think will carry on his concerns, his actions, his efforts to work on so many of the problems in this country that have no solutions\". He was joined at the press conference by his sisters, Patricia Kennedy Lawford and Jean Kennedy Smith, as well as dozens of Kennedy family friends and aides. Kennedy's widow Ethel Kennedy did not attend the press conference, but was nearby, in a second-floor bedroom of Hickory Hill on doctor's orders, awaiting the birth of her eleventh child.", "Kerry Kennedy Mary Kerry Kennedy (born September 8, 1959) is an American human rights activist, writer, and president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. She is the seventh child and third daughter of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. During her 15-year marriage to now\u2013New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, she was known as Kerry Kennedy Cuomo from 1990 to 2005. She is the president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy were her uncles, and she is a cousin of former U.S. Ambassador to Japan Caroline Kennedy and Maria Shriver, the former wife of actor, bodybuilder, and former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Her maternal grandfather is Great Lakes Carbon Corporation founder George Skakel. Kennedy was born in Washington, D.C.. Three days after her birth, her father resigned as chief counsel of the Senate Rackets Committee to run his brother's campaign for presidency. She appeared, age 3, in the 1963 Robert Drew documentary \",\" saying hello to U.S. Justice Department official Nicholas Katzenbach by phone from the office of her father, Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General at the time. Her father was assassinated in 1968. She is a graduate of The Putney School and Brown University and received her Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School. Since 1981, Kennedy has worked as a human rights activist, leading delegations into places such as El Salvador, Gaza, Haiti, Kenya, Northern Ireland, and South Korea She was also involved in causes in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sudan, and Pakistan. She became president of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Human Rights (now Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights) in 1988 and was the Executive Director of the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial until 1995.", "1964 United States Senate election in New York The 1964 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Kenneth Keating ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Robert F. Kennedy. The Socialist Labor state convention met on March 29 and nominated John Emanuel. The Republican state convention met on August 31, and re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Kenneth B. Keating. The Conservative state convention met on August 31 at Saratoga Springs, New York, and nominated Prof. Henry Paolucci. The Democratic state convention met on September 1, and nominated U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy on the first ballot with 968 votes against 153 for Congressman Samuel S. Stratton. The Liberal Party met on September 1, and endorsed the Democratic nominee, U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. The Socialist Workers Party filed a petition to nominate candidates on September 7. Richard Garza was nominated. John English, a Nassau County leader who helped John F. Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election, encouraged Robert Kennedy to oppose Keating. At the time, Samuel S. Stratton, a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York's 35th congressional district, was considered the most likely Democratic candidate. At first, Kennedy resisted. After President Kennedy's assassination, Robert Kennedy remained as Attorney General for Lyndon B. Johnson. However, Johnson and Kennedy feuded. Kennedy decided to run for the Senate in New York in August, and resigned from the Cabinet on September 3, 1964. While many reform Democrats resisted Kennedy, support from Robert F. Wagner, Jr., and party bosses like Charles A. Buckley, of The Bronx, and Peter J. Crotty, of Buffalo, helped Kennedy win the nomination at the party convention. During the campaign, Kennedy was frequently met by large crowds.", "The total cost for the project was now US$747,000, with the Kennedy family now paying about 75.8 percent of the total cost. Construction began on November 9, 1970, and was expected to take a year. The approaches to both Kennedy graves were altered when the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built. Previously, the approaches to the John F. Kennedy site consisted of a series of long steps. But several individuals in wheelchairs appealed to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and the steps were replaced by long ramps in June 1971. The design for the Robert Kennedy memorial, too, was changed to feature ramps rather than stairs. Robert F. Kennedy was disinterred on December 1, 1971, and his body moved to the new grave site. The disinterment, witnessed by Ethel Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy, began at 5:30 PM. Reburial was complete at about 9:00 PM. The final grave site and granite plaza were dedicated on December 6, 1971. Robert F. Kennedy's final resting place is about southwest of the terrace of the John F. Kennedy grave site. Robert Kennedy is buried upslope from the plaza, his burial vault marked by a white wooden cross at its head and a slate headstone set flush with the earth at its foot. A low granite wall at the rear (straight, southeast side) of the plaza contains quotations from two famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, with a small reflecting pool at the base of the wall. The granite for the plaza came from Deer Isle, Maine, which was also the source for the granite for the terrace at the John F. Kennedy gravesite. One quotation, which inspired the reflecting pool, is from a speech Kennedy delivered to students in South Africa in 1966. It reads:", "The presence of the headgear was widely criticized after the dedication of the permanent grave site, and the U.S. Army (which administers Arlington National Cemetery) ordered all such memorabilia removed from the grave in April 1967. [[File:Four graves.jpg|right|thumb|upright=.80|Grave site as it was reconfigured after Jacqueline Kennedy's death; this image shows all four graves at the site.]] [[File: Arlington Oak sapling - official replacement tree - Arlington National Cemetery - 2012-05-19.jpg|thumb|upright=.80|Replacement sapling of the Arlington Oak, planted in April 2012 at the Kennedy grave site.]] Robert F. Kennedy was [[Robert F. Kennedy assassination|assassinated]] on June 6, 1968 in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]]. An expansion to the John F. Kennedy grave site was dedicated in 1971 to accommodate [[Grave of Robert F. Kennedy|Robert Kennedy's grave]]. Robert F. Kennedy's resting place is only about southwest from the terrace at the John F. Kennedy site. Robert Kennedy is buried on the upslope side of the walkway, his burial vault marked by a white cross and a slate headstone set flush with the earth. Opposite his grave is a granite plaza designed by architect [[I. M. Pei]] and dedicated on December 6, 1971. A low granite wall similar to the one at the John F. Kennedy terrace contains quotations from famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, and a small reflecting pool. As with his brother, Robert Kennedy's first grave was a temporary one, about upslope from its current location. The Kennedy grave site's approaches were altered at the time the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7f02cbbd659b430db4d8d78bd4235163_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article about Robert F. Kennedy other than the campaign?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1964 United States Senate election in New York The 1964 United States Senate election in New York was held on November 3, 1964. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Kenneth Keating ran for re-election to a second term, but was defeated by Robert F. Kennedy. The Socialist Labor state convention met on March 29 and nominated John Emanuel. The Republican state convention met on August 31, and re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Kenneth B. Keating. The Conservative state convention met on August 31 at Saratoga Springs, New York, and nominated Prof. Henry Paolucci. The Democratic state convention met on September 1, and nominated U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy on the first ballot with 968 votes against 153 for Congressman Samuel S. Stratton. The Liberal Party met on September 1, and endorsed the Democratic nominee, U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. The Socialist Workers Party filed a petition to nominate candidates on September 7. Richard Garza was nominated. John English, a Nassau County leader who helped John F. Kennedy during the 1960 presidential election, encouraged Robert Kennedy to oppose Keating. At the time, Samuel S. Stratton, a member of the United States House of Representatives from New York's 35th congressional district, was considered the most likely Democratic candidate. At first, Kennedy resisted. After President Kennedy's assassination, Robert Kennedy remained as Attorney General for Lyndon B. Johnson. However, Johnson and Kennedy feuded. Kennedy decided to run for the Senate in New York in August, and resigned from the Cabinet on September 3, 1964. While many reform Democrats resisted Kennedy, support from Robert F. Wagner, Jr., and party bosses like Charles A. Buckley, of The Bronx, and Peter J. Crotty, of Buffalo, helped Kennedy win the nomination at the party convention. During the campaign, Kennedy was frequently met by large crowds.", "Kerry Kennedy Mary Kerry Kennedy (born September 8, 1959) is an American human rights activist, writer, and president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. She is the seventh child and third daughter of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. During her 15-year marriage to now\u2013New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, she was known as Kerry Kennedy Cuomo from 1990 to 2005. She is the president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy were her uncles, and she is a cousin of former U.S. Ambassador to Japan Caroline Kennedy and Maria Shriver, the former wife of actor, bodybuilder, and former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Her maternal grandfather is Great Lakes Carbon Corporation founder George Skakel. Kennedy was born in Washington, D.C.. Three days after her birth, her father resigned as chief counsel of the Senate Rackets Committee to run his brother's campaign for presidency. She appeared, age 3, in the 1963 Robert Drew documentary \",\" saying hello to U.S. Justice Department official Nicholas Katzenbach by phone from the office of her father, Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General at the time. Her father was assassinated in 1968. She is a graduate of The Putney School and Brown University and received her Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School. Since 1981, Kennedy has worked as a human rights activist, leading delegations into places such as El Salvador, Gaza, Haiti, Kenya, Northern Ireland, and South Korea She was also involved in causes in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sudan, and Pakistan. She became president of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Human Rights (now Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights) in 1988 and was the Executive Director of the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial until 1995.", "Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (formerly the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, or RFK Center) is an American nonprofit human rights advocacy organization. It was named after Senator Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, a few months after his assassination. The organization works to support recipients of the RFK Human Rights Award, and supports investigative journalists and authors through the RFK Book and Journalism Awards. It is based in Washington, D.C. The Robert F. Kennedy Memorial was originally established as a non-profit organization in Washington, D.C., in October, 1968. The Kennedy family and friends looked to memorialize Robert Kennedy's public service following his assassination on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California. Fred Dutton, a long-time friend and Kennedy ally, was named executive director, and Peter B. Edelman, a member of Kennedy's senatorial staff, became associate director. The chairman of the executive committee was Robert S. McNamara. The Memorial was announced during a press conference at Hickory Hill in McLean, Virginia, on Tuesday, October 29, 1968. Kennedy's brother Ted led the press conference, stating that the organization would be a \"living memorial\" that would work in areas of poverty, crime, and education in America. He went on to say the Memorial would be \"an action-oriented program that we think will carry on his concerns, his actions, his efforts to work on so many of the problems in this country that have no solutions\". He was joined at the press conference by his sisters, Patricia Kennedy Lawford and Jean Kennedy Smith, as well as dozens of Kennedy family friends and aides. Kennedy's widow Ethel Kennedy did not attend the press conference, but was nearby, in a second-floor bedroom of Hickory Hill on doctor's orders, awaiting the birth of her eleventh child.", "The presence of the headgear was widely criticized after the dedication of the permanent grave site, and the U.S. Army (which administers Arlington National Cemetery) ordered all such memorabilia removed from the grave in April 1967. [[File:Four graves.jpg|right|thumb|upright=.80|Grave site as it was reconfigured after Jacqueline Kennedy's death; this image shows all four graves at the site.]] [[File: Arlington Oak sapling - official replacement tree - Arlington National Cemetery - 2012-05-19.jpg|thumb|upright=.80|Replacement sapling of the Arlington Oak, planted in April 2012 at the Kennedy grave site.]] Robert F. Kennedy was [[Robert F. Kennedy assassination|assassinated]] on June 6, 1968 in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]]. An expansion to the John F. Kennedy grave site was dedicated in 1971 to accommodate [[Grave of Robert F. Kennedy|Robert Kennedy's grave]]. Robert F. Kennedy's resting place is only about southwest from the terrace at the John F. Kennedy site. Robert Kennedy is buried on the upslope side of the walkway, his burial vault marked by a white cross and a slate headstone set flush with the earth. Opposite his grave is a granite plaza designed by architect [[I. M. Pei]] and dedicated on December 6, 1971. A low granite wall similar to the one at the John F. Kennedy terrace contains quotations from famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, and a small reflecting pool. As with his brother, Robert Kennedy's first grave was a temporary one, about upslope from its current location. The Kennedy grave site's approaches were altered at the time the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built.", "The total cost for the project was now US$747,000, with the Kennedy family now paying about 75.8 percent of the total cost. Construction began on November 9, 1970, and was expected to take a year. The approaches to both Kennedy graves were altered when the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built. Previously, the approaches to the John F. Kennedy site consisted of a series of long steps. But several individuals in wheelchairs appealed to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and the steps were replaced by long ramps in June 1971. The design for the Robert Kennedy memorial, too, was changed to feature ramps rather than stairs. Robert F. Kennedy was disinterred on December 1, 1971, and his body moved to the new grave site. The disinterment, witnessed by Ethel Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy, began at 5:30 PM. Reburial was complete at about 9:00 PM. The final grave site and granite plaza were dedicated on December 6, 1971. Robert F. Kennedy's final resting place is about southwest of the terrace of the John F. Kennedy grave site. Robert Kennedy is buried upslope from the plaza, his burial vault marked by a white wooden cross at its head and a slate headstone set flush with the earth at its foot. A low granite wall at the rear (straight, southeast side) of the plaza contains quotations from two famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, with a small reflecting pool at the base of the wall. The granite for the plaza came from Deer Isle, Maine, which was also the source for the granite for the terrace at the John F. Kennedy gravesite. One quotation, which inspired the reflecting pool, is from a speech Kennedy delivered to students in South Africa in 1966. It reads:"], "answer": {"text": "The period of July 1953 to January 1954 saw him at \"a professional and personal nadir\",", "answer_start": 1258}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Robert F. Kennedy run against in the senate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f02cbbd659b430db4d8d78bd4235163_0_q#2", "question": "What did he do for living?", "rewrite": "What did Robert F. Kennedy do for living?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ethel Kennedy Ethel Skakel Kennedy (born April 11, 1928) is an American human rights advocate. Kennedy is the widow of U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy as well as the sixth child of George Skakel and Ann Brannack. She married Robert F. Kennedy in 1950, and the couple had eleven children together. Shortly after her husband's June 5, 1968 assassination, Kennedy founded the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights. The organization is a nonprofit charity working to realize Robert F. Kennedy's dream of a just and peaceful world. In 2014, Ethel Kennedy was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. She resides at the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. Ethel Skakel was born in Chicago, to businessman George Skakel and secretary Ann Brannack. Her parents were killed in a 1955 plane crash. She was the Skakels' third of four daughters and sixth child of seven, having five older siblings, Georgeann (1918\u20131983), James (1921\u20131998), George Jr. (1922\u20131966), Rushton (1923\u20132003), and Patricia (1925\u20132000), and one younger sister, Ann (b. 1933). George was a Protestant of Dutch descent while Ann was a Catholic of Irish ancestry. Ethel and her siblings were raised Catholic in Greenwich, Connecticut. George Skakel was the founder of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, now a division of SGLCarbon. She attended the all-girls Greenwich Academy in Greenwich and graduated from the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Manhattan in 1945. In September 1945, Skakel began her college education at Manhattanville College, where she was a classmate of future sister-in-law Jean Kennedy. Ethel first met Jean's brother, Robert F. Kennedy, during a ski trip to Mont Tremblant Resort in Quebec in December 1945.", "The total cost for the project was now US$747,000, with the Kennedy family now paying about 75.8 percent of the total cost. Construction began on November 9, 1970, and was expected to take a year. The approaches to both Kennedy graves were altered when the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built. Previously, the approaches to the John F. Kennedy site consisted of a series of long steps. But several individuals in wheelchairs appealed to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and the steps were replaced by long ramps in June 1971. The design for the Robert Kennedy memorial, too, was changed to feature ramps rather than stairs. Robert F. Kennedy was disinterred on December 1, 1971, and his body moved to the new grave site. The disinterment, witnessed by Ethel Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy, began at 5:30 PM. Reburial was complete at about 9:00 PM. The final grave site and granite plaza were dedicated on December 6, 1971. Robert F. Kennedy's final resting place is about southwest of the terrace of the John F. Kennedy grave site. Robert Kennedy is buried upslope from the plaza, his burial vault marked by a white wooden cross at its head and a slate headstone set flush with the earth at its foot. A low granite wall at the rear (straight, southeast side) of the plaza contains quotations from two famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, with a small reflecting pool at the base of the wall. The granite for the plaza came from Deer Isle, Maine, which was also the source for the granite for the terrace at the John F. Kennedy gravesite. One quotation, which inspired the reflecting pool, is from a speech Kennedy delivered to students in South Africa in 1966. It reads:", "The presence of the headgear was widely criticized after the dedication of the permanent grave site, and the U.S. Army (which administers Arlington National Cemetery) ordered all such memorabilia removed from the grave in April 1967. [[File:Four graves.jpg|right|thumb|upright=.80|Grave site as it was reconfigured after Jacqueline Kennedy's death; this image shows all four graves at the site.]] [[File: Arlington Oak sapling - official replacement tree - Arlington National Cemetery - 2012-05-19.jpg|thumb|upright=.80|Replacement sapling of the Arlington Oak, planted in April 2012 at the Kennedy grave site.]] Robert F. Kennedy was [[Robert F. Kennedy assassination|assassinated]] on June 6, 1968 in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]]. An expansion to the John F. Kennedy grave site was dedicated in 1971 to accommodate [[Grave of Robert F. Kennedy|Robert Kennedy's grave]]. Robert F. Kennedy's resting place is only about southwest from the terrace at the John F. Kennedy site. Robert Kennedy is buried on the upslope side of the walkway, his burial vault marked by a white cross and a slate headstone set flush with the earth. Opposite his grave is a granite plaza designed by architect [[I. M. Pei]] and dedicated on December 6, 1971. A low granite wall similar to the one at the John F. Kennedy terrace contains quotations from famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, and a small reflecting pool. As with his brother, Robert Kennedy's first grave was a temporary one, about upslope from its current location. The Kennedy grave site's approaches were altered at the time the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built.", "Kerry Kennedy Mary Kerry Kennedy (born September 8, 1959) is an American human rights activist, writer, and president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. She is the seventh child and third daughter of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. During her 15-year marriage to now\u2013New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, she was known as Kerry Kennedy Cuomo from 1990 to 2005. She is the president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy were her uncles, and she is a cousin of former U.S. Ambassador to Japan Caroline Kennedy and Maria Shriver, the former wife of actor, bodybuilder, and former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Her maternal grandfather is Great Lakes Carbon Corporation founder George Skakel. Kennedy was born in Washington, D.C.. Three days after her birth, her father resigned as chief counsel of the Senate Rackets Committee to run his brother's campaign for presidency. She appeared, age 3, in the 1963 Robert Drew documentary \",\" saying hello to U.S. Justice Department official Nicholas Katzenbach by phone from the office of her father, Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General at the time. Her father was assassinated in 1968. She is a graduate of The Putney School and Brown University and received her Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School. Since 1981, Kennedy has worked as a human rights activist, leading delegations into places such as El Salvador, Gaza, Haiti, Kenya, Northern Ireland, and South Korea She was also involved in causes in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sudan, and Pakistan. She became president of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Human Rights (now Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights) in 1988 and was the Executive Director of the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial until 1995.", "Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (formerly the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, or RFK Center) is an American nonprofit human rights advocacy organization. It was named after Senator Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, a few months after his assassination. The organization works to support recipients of the RFK Human Rights Award, and supports investigative journalists and authors through the RFK Book and Journalism Awards. It is based in Washington, D.C. The Robert F. Kennedy Memorial was originally established as a non-profit organization in Washington, D.C., in October, 1968. The Kennedy family and friends looked to memorialize Robert Kennedy's public service following his assassination on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California. Fred Dutton, a long-time friend and Kennedy ally, was named executive director, and Peter B. Edelman, a member of Kennedy's senatorial staff, became associate director. The chairman of the executive committee was Robert S. McNamara. The Memorial was announced during a press conference at Hickory Hill in McLean, Virginia, on Tuesday, October 29, 1968. Kennedy's brother Ted led the press conference, stating that the organization would be a \"living memorial\" that would work in areas of poverty, crime, and education in America. He went on to say the Memorial would be \"an action-oriented program that we think will carry on his concerns, his actions, his efforts to work on so many of the problems in this country that have no solutions\". He was joined at the press conference by his sisters, Patricia Kennedy Lawford and Jean Kennedy Smith, as well as dozens of Kennedy family friends and aides. Kennedy's widow Ethel Kennedy did not attend the press conference, but was nearby, in a second-floor bedroom of Hickory Hill on doctor's orders, awaiting the birth of her eleventh child."], "answer": {"text": "work as a lawyer in the Internal Security Section of the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice;", "answer_start": 121}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Robert F. Kennedy run against in the senate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The period of July 1953 to January 1954 saw him at \"a professional and personal nadir\",", "answer_start": 1258, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f02cbbd659b430db4d8d78bd4235163_0_q#3", "question": "what type of lawyer was he?", "rewrite": "what type of lawyer was Robert F. Kennedy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The presence of the headgear was widely criticized after the dedication of the permanent grave site, and the U.S. Army (which administers Arlington National Cemetery) ordered all such memorabilia removed from the grave in April 1967. [[File:Four graves.jpg|right|thumb|upright=.80|Grave site as it was reconfigured after Jacqueline Kennedy's death; this image shows all four graves at the site.]] [[File: Arlington Oak sapling - official replacement tree - Arlington National Cemetery - 2012-05-19.jpg|thumb|upright=.80|Replacement sapling of the Arlington Oak, planted in April 2012 at the Kennedy grave site.]] Robert F. Kennedy was [[Robert F. Kennedy assassination|assassinated]] on June 6, 1968 in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]]. An expansion to the John F. Kennedy grave site was dedicated in 1971 to accommodate [[Grave of Robert F. Kennedy|Robert Kennedy's grave]]. Robert F. Kennedy's resting place is only about southwest from the terrace at the John F. Kennedy site. Robert Kennedy is buried on the upslope side of the walkway, his burial vault marked by a white cross and a slate headstone set flush with the earth. Opposite his grave is a granite plaza designed by architect [[I. M. Pei]] and dedicated on December 6, 1971. A low granite wall similar to the one at the John F. Kennedy terrace contains quotations from famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, and a small reflecting pool. As with his brother, Robert Kennedy's first grave was a temporary one, about upslope from its current location. The Kennedy grave site's approaches were altered at the time the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built.", "Ethel Kennedy Ethel Skakel Kennedy (born April 11, 1928) is an American human rights advocate. Kennedy is the widow of U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy as well as the sixth child of George Skakel and Ann Brannack. She married Robert F. Kennedy in 1950, and the couple had eleven children together. Shortly after her husband's June 5, 1968 assassination, Kennedy founded the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights. The organization is a nonprofit charity working to realize Robert F. Kennedy's dream of a just and peaceful world. In 2014, Ethel Kennedy was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. She resides at the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. Ethel Skakel was born in Chicago, to businessman George Skakel and secretary Ann Brannack. Her parents were killed in a 1955 plane crash. She was the Skakels' third of four daughters and sixth child of seven, having five older siblings, Georgeann (1918\u20131983), James (1921\u20131998), George Jr. (1922\u20131966), Rushton (1923\u20132003), and Patricia (1925\u20132000), and one younger sister, Ann (b. 1933). George was a Protestant of Dutch descent while Ann was a Catholic of Irish ancestry. Ethel and her siblings were raised Catholic in Greenwich, Connecticut. George Skakel was the founder of Great Lakes Carbon Corporation, now a division of SGLCarbon. She attended the all-girls Greenwich Academy in Greenwich and graduated from the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Manhattan in 1945. In September 1945, Skakel began her college education at Manhattanville College, where she was a classmate of future sister-in-law Jean Kennedy. Ethel first met Jean's brother, Robert F. Kennedy, during a ski trip to Mont Tremblant Resort in Quebec in December 1945.", "Kerry Kennedy Mary Kerry Kennedy (born September 8, 1959) is an American human rights activist, writer, and president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. She is the seventh child and third daughter of Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Skakel. During her 15-year marriage to now\u2013New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, she was known as Kerry Kennedy Cuomo from 1990 to 2005. She is the president of Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights. President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy were her uncles, and she is a cousin of former U.S. Ambassador to Japan Caroline Kennedy and Maria Shriver, the former wife of actor, bodybuilder, and former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. Her maternal grandfather is Great Lakes Carbon Corporation founder George Skakel. Kennedy was born in Washington, D.C.. Three days after her birth, her father resigned as chief counsel of the Senate Rackets Committee to run his brother's campaign for presidency. She appeared, age 3, in the 1963 Robert Drew documentary \",\" saying hello to U.S. Justice Department official Nicholas Katzenbach by phone from the office of her father, Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General at the time. Her father was assassinated in 1968. She is a graduate of The Putney School and Brown University and received her Juris Doctor from Boston College Law School. Since 1981, Kennedy has worked as a human rights activist, leading delegations into places such as El Salvador, Gaza, Haiti, Kenya, Northern Ireland, and South Korea She was also involved in causes in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, India, Sudan, and Pakistan. She became president of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Human Rights (now Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights) in 1988 and was the Executive Director of the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial until 1995.", "Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (formerly the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, or RFK Center) is an American nonprofit human rights advocacy organization. It was named after Senator Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, a few months after his assassination. The organization works to support recipients of the RFK Human Rights Award, and supports investigative journalists and authors through the RFK Book and Journalism Awards. It is based in Washington, D.C. The Robert F. Kennedy Memorial was originally established as a non-profit organization in Washington, D.C., in October, 1968. The Kennedy family and friends looked to memorialize Robert Kennedy's public service following his assassination on June 5, 1968, in Los Angeles, California. Fred Dutton, a long-time friend and Kennedy ally, was named executive director, and Peter B. Edelman, a member of Kennedy's senatorial staff, became associate director. The chairman of the executive committee was Robert S. McNamara. The Memorial was announced during a press conference at Hickory Hill in McLean, Virginia, on Tuesday, October 29, 1968. Kennedy's brother Ted led the press conference, stating that the organization would be a \"living memorial\" that would work in areas of poverty, crime, and education in America. He went on to say the Memorial would be \"an action-oriented program that we think will carry on his concerns, his actions, his efforts to work on so many of the problems in this country that have no solutions\". He was joined at the press conference by his sisters, Patricia Kennedy Lawford and Jean Kennedy Smith, as well as dozens of Kennedy family friends and aides. Kennedy's widow Ethel Kennedy did not attend the press conference, but was nearby, in a second-floor bedroom of Hickory Hill on doctor's orders, awaiting the birth of her eleventh child.", "The total cost for the project was now US$747,000, with the Kennedy family now paying about 75.8 percent of the total cost. Construction began on November 9, 1970, and was expected to take a year. The approaches to both Kennedy graves were altered when the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built. Previously, the approaches to the John F. Kennedy site consisted of a series of long steps. But several individuals in wheelchairs appealed to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and the steps were replaced by long ramps in June 1971. The design for the Robert Kennedy memorial, too, was changed to feature ramps rather than stairs. Robert F. Kennedy was disinterred on December 1, 1971, and his body moved to the new grave site. The disinterment, witnessed by Ethel Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy, began at 5:30 PM. Reburial was complete at about 9:00 PM. The final grave site and granite plaza were dedicated on December 6, 1971. Robert F. Kennedy's final resting place is about southwest of the terrace of the John F. Kennedy grave site. Robert Kennedy is buried upslope from the plaza, his burial vault marked by a white wooden cross at its head and a slate headstone set flush with the earth at its foot. A low granite wall at the rear (straight, southeast side) of the plaza contains quotations from two famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, with a small reflecting pool at the base of the wall. The granite for the plaza came from Deer Isle, Maine, which was also the source for the granite for the terrace at the John F. Kennedy gravesite. One quotation, which inspired the reflecting pool, is from a speech Kennedy delivered to students in South Africa in 1966. It reads:"], "answer": {"text": "was charged with investigating suspected Soviet agents.", "answer_start": 243}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Robert F. Kennedy run against in the senate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The period of July 1953 to January 1954 saw him at \"a professional and personal nadir\",", "answer_start": 1258, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do for living?", "answer": {"text": "work as a lawyer in the Internal Security Section of the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice;", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b3c90a6c5bd34237a8a6869b30319896_0_q#0", "question": "When did Brian Wilson begin producing records?", "rewrite": "When did Brian Wilson begin producing records?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cover of The Drifters song recorded on March 3, 1976 with Jardine on lead vocal. Cover of Tommy James and the Shondells song recorded March 15, 1976 with lead vocals by Billy Hinsche. Cover of the Johnny Preston song recorded on April 13 and 14, 1976 with lead vocal by Love. Cover of the Big Joe Turner song recorded on April 14, 1976 with lead vocal by Jardine. Cover of the traditional song recorded April 16 and April 29, 1976 with lead vocal by Love. Cover of Chris Montez song recorded April 27, 1976. Brian Wilson song recorded on May 8, 1976. No lead vocal recorded. Brian Wilson song recorded on August 21, 1976 with lead vocal by Brian. The song is named for his then-wife, Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford. Brian Wilson song recorded in the fall of 1976 with lead vocal by Brian. The chorus utilizes a melody from \"Better Get Back in Bed\", a section of the previously released \"Mount Vernon and Fairway (A Fairy Tale)\". Brian Wilson song recorded in the fall of 1976 with lead vocal by Love. Brian Wilson song recorded in fall 1976 with lead vocal by Brian. Brian Wilson song recorded on October 27, 1976 with lead vocal by Love. The following are listed as part of the February\u2013June 1977 \"Adult Child\" sessions by Andrew Doe. Cover of the Peter DeRose song recorded on February 25 and March 11, 1977 with lead vocal by Brian. Brian Wilson song recorded between February and March 1977 with lead vocals by Brian and Carl. Brian Wilson song recorded between February and March 1977 with lead vocals by Dennis. Brian Wilson instrumental recorded in March 1977. Brian Wilson song recorded on March 11, 1977 with lead vocals by Brian and Carl. Brian Wilson song recorded on April 12, 1977 with lead vocals by Brian and Carl. A cover was recorded by Duglas T. Stewart for \"Caroline Now!\".", "It was written about Stevie Nicks of Fleetwood Mac and considered for the 2013 compilation Made in California. A cover was recorded by Saint Etienne for \"Caroline Now!\" and \"Interlude\". A song recorded by The Beach Boys in the spring of 1981 with Mike Love on lead vocals. Brian Wilson song recorded in the spring of 1981. Brian Wilson song recorded in the spring of 1981 with lead vocals by Brian, Love, and Jardine. Brian Wilson song recorded in the spring of 1981. Brian Wilson song recorded in November of 1982 during the infamous Hamburger Sessions with Dennis, the song was reportedly attempted during The Beach Boys '85 album sessions . Brian Wilson song performed live in November 1983. Lead vocal by Brian. Cover of the Hollywood Flames song performed live in July 1984. Lead vocal by Jardine. Al Jardine song recorded on November 18, 1984 during sessions for \"The Beach Boys\". Later re-recorded for Jardine's album \"A Postcard from California\". Unknown song recorded between October 1984 and January 1985 with lead vocal by Carl. Cover of the Danny & the Juniors song recorded between October 1984 and January 1985. Brian Wilson and Andy Paley song recorded in November 1995. Incomplete lead vocal by Carl. A total of 28 songs were written and recorded for the album. Discounting the 2011 rerecording of \"Do It Again\", only twelve tracks saw release. Outtake with lead vocals by Carl Wilson worked on during the album's sessions. As a solo artist, it was completed by Al Jardine for the 2012 reissue of his album \"A Postcard from California\" (2010). Unknown song intended to bridge the tracks \"Strange World\" and \"From There to Back Again\". It was left unfinished. Cover of The Drifters song recorded September 1, September 18, and October 2, 1976. Brian is on lead vocals.", "Rio Grande (song) \"Rio Grande\" is a psychedelic western saga co-written by Brian Wilson and Andy Paley and co-produced by Brian Wilson and Lenny Waronker for Brian Wilson's first solo album. Its modular set of movements hearkened back to the style that Brian Wilson used during the \"Good Vibrations\"/\"Smile\" era with musique concr\u00e8te. \" Rio Grande\" was evidence that he could still create brilliant, pictorial landscapes of music similar to \"Smile\" whenever he had the freedom, confidence, and courage to do so. It is the longest piece of music in the Brian Wilson catalogue at eight minutes and 12 seconds. Although it did not contain Van Dyke Parks' imagery or have the out-of-the-box, ambitious enlightenment of the \"Smile\"-era work, it gave \"Brian Wilson\" the progressive relativity of a genuine comeback album. Mostly, \"Rio Grande\" unmasked a notion of the old Brian Wilson and helped bridge a gap between the original \"Smile\" and the long-awaited, eventual 2004 release of \"Smile\". Waronker and Seymour Stein, the President of Sire Records, encouraged Wilson to make an impressionistic collage that had made \"Smile\" an interesting listening experience. Eugene Landy suggested to Brian to make a suite about the development of an individual. However, it was Lenny Waronker who insinuated to Brian to undertake a more complex, revealing, and provisional composition with an Old West theme inspired by the Howard Hawks film \"Red River\" and also the movie \"Rio Grande\". A Hawaiian theme was also being considered at the time but was dropped in favor of a Western theme. Work on \"Rio Grande\" began on October 1, 1987, which happened at the same time as a Los Angeles earthquake.", "Beautiful Dreamer: Brian Wilson and the Story of Smile Beautiful Dreamer: Brian Wilson and the Story of Smile is a 2004 documentary film directed by David Leaf about American musician Brian Wilson, the Beach Boys' unfinished \"Smile\" album, and the making of Wilson's \"Brian Wilson Presents Smile\". Besides featuring interviews from Wilson himself, the film includes contributions by Elvis Costello, Burt Bacharach, Paul McCartney, and Roger Daltrey. The title takes its name from the 19th century Stephen Foster song \"Beautiful Dreamer\"; its opening lyrics begin with the phrase \"\"beautiful dreamer wake\"\", the same initials as the documentary's subject, Brian Douglas Wilson, who references this coincidence in the film. The film is divided in three segments: a history of the Beach Boys' original \"Smile\" album, its rebirth as the Brian Wilson solo album \" Brian Wilson Presents Smile\", and the album's 2004 live performances. It originally premiered on the network Showtime before being bundled as an extra on the DVD for the 2005 concert film \"Brian Wilson Presents Smile\".", "List of unreleased songs recorded by the Beach Boys The Beach Boys have been known to perform and/or record a number of songs, instrumentals, and early versions of compositions which have never been officially released on a single, album, or compilation. Only those whose existence can be reliably confirmed are listed here. Some bootleg recordings of the below listed songs are in circulation while other recordings have been lost and unheard of since their creation. This list is ordered by recording date. It does not include the innumerably non-substantial rehearsal tapes, instrumental tracking, and session chatter recorded by the group. The following is a list of studio outtakes and live recordings that later appeared on Beach Boys compilation albums. It is adapted from Andrew Doe, except where otherwise noted. Brian Wilson, Roger Christian, and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Brian Wilson and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Also known as \"Human\". Brian Wilson and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Brian Wilson and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Also known as \"Number One\". Brain Wilson, Bob Norberg, and Pomeroy song recorded in 1962. Brian Wilson song recorded on January 18, 1963. No vocal was recorded. Al Jardine instrumental recorded in February 1963. Brian Wilson and Jan Berry song recorded in spring 1963. Brian Wilson and Roger Christian song recorded in the summer of 1963. Brian Wilson, Gary Usher, and Roger Christian song recorded in mid 1963. Brian Wilson instrumental recorded on August 5, 1963. Brian Wilson song produced for singer Dave Nowlen on August 5, 1963. Brian Wilson song recorded on August 5, 1963. Brian Wilson song recorded in August 1963. Brian Wilson song recorded in January 1964. No vocals. Brian Wilson song recorded in January 1964. Cover of Irving Berlin song recorded on October 15, 1965."], "answer": {"text": "Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963,", "answer_start": 459}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b3c90a6c5bd34237a8a6869b30319896_0_q#1", "question": "What artists did he work with?", "rewrite": "What artists did Brian Wilson work with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cognitive infocommunications Cognitive infocommunications (CogInfoCom) investigates the link between the research areas of infocommunications and the cognitive sciences, as well as the various engineering applications which have emerged as the synergic combination of these sciences. The primary goal of CogInfoCom is to provide a systematic view of how cognitive processes can co-evolve with infocommunications devices so that the capabilities of the human brain may not only be extended through these devices, irrespective of geographical distance, but may also interact with the capabilities of any artificially cognitive system. This merging and extension of cognitive capabilities is targeted towards engineering applications in which artificial and/or natural cognitive systems are enabled to work together more effectively. Two important dimensions of cognitive infocommunications are the mode of communication and the type of communication. The mode of communication refers to the actors at the two endpoints of communication: The type of communication refers to the type of information that is conveyed between the two communicating entities, and the way in which this is done: The first draft definition of CogInfoCom was given in \"Cognitive Infocommunications: CogInfoCom\". The definition was finalized based on the paper with the joint participation of the Startup Committee at the 1st International Workshop on Cognitive Infocommunications, held in Tokyo, Japan in 2010. A recent overview and further information can be found in, and in the two special issues on CogInfoCom which have been published since then, and at the official website of CogInfoCom.", "Cover of The Drifters song recorded on March 3, 1976 with Jardine on lead vocal. Cover of Tommy James and the Shondells song recorded March 15, 1976 with lead vocals by Billy Hinsche. Cover of the Johnny Preston song recorded on April 13 and 14, 1976 with lead vocal by Love. Cover of the Big Joe Turner song recorded on April 14, 1976 with lead vocal by Jardine. Cover of the traditional song recorded April 16 and April 29, 1976 with lead vocal by Love. Cover of Chris Montez song recorded April 27, 1976. Brian Wilson song recorded on May 8, 1976. No lead vocal recorded. Brian Wilson song recorded on August 21, 1976 with lead vocal by Brian. The song is named for his then-wife, Marilyn Wilson-Rutherford. Brian Wilson song recorded in the fall of 1976 with lead vocal by Brian. The chorus utilizes a melody from \"Better Get Back in Bed\", a section of the previously released \"Mount Vernon and Fairway (A Fairy Tale)\". Brian Wilson song recorded in the fall of 1976 with lead vocal by Love. Brian Wilson song recorded in fall 1976 with lead vocal by Brian. Brian Wilson song recorded on October 27, 1976 with lead vocal by Love. The following are listed as part of the February\u2013June 1977 \"Adult Child\" sessions by Andrew Doe. Cover of the Peter DeRose song recorded on February 25 and March 11, 1977 with lead vocal by Brian. Brian Wilson song recorded between February and March 1977 with lead vocals by Brian and Carl. Brian Wilson song recorded between February and March 1977 with lead vocals by Dennis. Brian Wilson instrumental recorded in March 1977. Brian Wilson song recorded on March 11, 1977 with lead vocals by Brian and Carl. Brian Wilson song recorded on April 12, 1977 with lead vocals by Brian and Carl. A cover was recorded by Duglas T. Stewart for \"Caroline Now!\".", "Rio Grande (song) \"Rio Grande\" is a psychedelic western saga co-written by Brian Wilson and Andy Paley and co-produced by Brian Wilson and Lenny Waronker for Brian Wilson's first solo album. Its modular set of movements hearkened back to the style that Brian Wilson used during the \"Good Vibrations\"/\"Smile\" era with musique concr\u00e8te. \" Rio Grande\" was evidence that he could still create brilliant, pictorial landscapes of music similar to \"Smile\" whenever he had the freedom, confidence, and courage to do so. It is the longest piece of music in the Brian Wilson catalogue at eight minutes and 12 seconds. Although it did not contain Van Dyke Parks' imagery or have the out-of-the-box, ambitious enlightenment of the \"Smile\"-era work, it gave \"Brian Wilson\" the progressive relativity of a genuine comeback album. Mostly, \"Rio Grande\" unmasked a notion of the old Brian Wilson and helped bridge a gap between the original \"Smile\" and the long-awaited, eventual 2004 release of \"Smile\". Waronker and Seymour Stein, the President of Sire Records, encouraged Wilson to make an impressionistic collage that had made \"Smile\" an interesting listening experience. Eugene Landy suggested to Brian to make a suite about the development of an individual. However, it was Lenny Waronker who insinuated to Brian to undertake a more complex, revealing, and provisional composition with an Old West theme inspired by the Howard Hawks film \"Red River\" and also the movie \"Rio Grande\". A Hawaiian theme was also being considered at the time but was dropped in favor of a Western theme. Work on \"Rio Grande\" began on October 1, 1987, which happened at the same time as a Los Angeles earthquake.", "List of unreleased songs recorded by the Beach Boys The Beach Boys have been known to perform and/or record a number of songs, instrumentals, and early versions of compositions which have never been officially released on a single, album, or compilation. Only those whose existence can be reliably confirmed are listed here. Some bootleg recordings of the below listed songs are in circulation while other recordings have been lost and unheard of since their creation. This list is ordered by recording date. It does not include the innumerably non-substantial rehearsal tapes, instrumental tracking, and session chatter recorded by the group. The following is a list of studio outtakes and live recordings that later appeared on Beach Boys compilation albums. It is adapted from Andrew Doe, except where otherwise noted. Brian Wilson, Roger Christian, and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Brian Wilson and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Also known as \"Human\". Brian Wilson and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Brian Wilson and Gary Usher song recorded on April 16, 1962. Also known as \"Number One\". Brain Wilson, Bob Norberg, and Pomeroy song recorded in 1962. Brian Wilson song recorded on January 18, 1963. No vocal was recorded. Al Jardine instrumental recorded in February 1963. Brian Wilson and Jan Berry song recorded in spring 1963. Brian Wilson and Roger Christian song recorded in the summer of 1963. Brian Wilson, Gary Usher, and Roger Christian song recorded in mid 1963. Brian Wilson instrumental recorded on August 5, 1963. Brian Wilson song produced for singer Dave Nowlen on August 5, 1963. Brian Wilson song recorded on August 5, 1963. Brian Wilson song recorded in August 1963. Brian Wilson song recorded in January 1964. No vocals. Brian Wilson song recorded in January 1964. Cover of Irving Berlin song recorded on October 15, 1965.", "Beautiful Dreamer: Brian Wilson and the Story of Smile Beautiful Dreamer: Brian Wilson and the Story of Smile is a 2004 documentary film directed by David Leaf about American musician Brian Wilson, the Beach Boys' unfinished \"Smile\" album, and the making of Wilson's \"Brian Wilson Presents Smile\". Besides featuring interviews from Wilson himself, the film includes contributions by Elvis Costello, Burt Bacharach, Paul McCartney, and Roger Daltrey. The title takes its name from the 19th century Stephen Foster song \"Beautiful Dreamer\"; its opening lyrics begin with the phrase \"\"beautiful dreamer wake\"\", the same initials as the documentary's subject, Brian Douglas Wilson, who references this coincidence in the film. The film is divided in three segments: a history of the Beach Boys' original \"Smile\" album, its rebirth as the Brian Wilson solo album \" Brian Wilson Presents Smile\", and the album's 2004 live performances. It originally premiered on the network Showtime before being bundled as an extra on the DVD for the 2005 concert film \"Brian Wilson Presents Smile\"."], "answer": {"text": "Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors.", "answer_start": 872}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brian Wilson begin producing records?", "answer": {"text": "Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963,", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b3c90a6c5bd34237a8a6869b30319896_0_q#2", "question": "Did he work with anyone else?", "rewrite": "Other than the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors, Did Brian Wilson work with anyone else?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Donna Loren Donna Loren (born March 7, 1947) is an American singer and actress. A prolific performer in the 1960s , she was the \"Dr Pepper Girl\" from 1963 to 1968, featured female vocalist on \"Shindig\", and a cast member of the American International Pictures \"Beach Party\" movie franchise. She was signed to Capitol Records in 1964, releasing several singles and the \"Beach Blanket Bingo\" LP soundtrack, which included her signature song \" It Only Hurts When I Cry\". Loren guest starred on episodic television series including \"Dr. Kildare\", \"Batman\", and \"The Monkees\", as well as appearing regularly on network and local variety and music shows. In 1968, Loren retired from her career to marry and raise a family. She recorded again in the 1980s and ran her own fashion business, ADASA Hawaii, throughout the 1990-2000s. In 2009, she returned to performing, and her most recent releases include the album \"Love It Away\" (2010) and the EP \"Donna Does Elvis in Hawaii\" (2010), as well as the compilation \" These Are the Good Times: The Complete Capitol Recordings\" (2014). Her first book, \"Pop Sixties: Shindig!, Dick Clark, Beach Party, and Photographs from the Donna Loren Archive\", was released in 2017. Loren was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her mother Ruth and her adoptive father Morey Zukor (Morris Zukovsky) are deceased. Morey and his brother, Louis, were animators. She has two younger brothers, Alan and Rick Zukovsky. Loren performed in amateur talent shows from the early age of six and, in 1955, sang on a radio commercial for Meadow Gold Ice Cream appearing with Dick Beals, who was famous for playing the character of Speedy Alka Seltzer.", "In 1964 Loren began appearing in the American International Pictures' \"Beach Party\" series. In Loren's first appearance in \"Muscle Beach Party\", she sang \"Muscle Bustle\" with Dick Dale. The \"Galveston Daily News\" wrote \"It didn't take long for Donna, Dr Pepper's new singing star to make her mark. She has a feature singing part\". The release of the single \"Muscle Bustle\", written by Brian Wilson, Gary Usher, and Roger Christian would be Loren's final recording for Challenge (B Side: \"How Can I Face the World\"). Loren would then appear in \"Bikini Beach\" ( singing \"Love's a Secret Weapon\"), and \"Pajama Party\" (\"Among the Young\"). An article regarding the release of \"Pajama Party\" described \"the amazingly-voiced Donna Loren, seventeen-year-old songstress who made her debut in \"Muscle Beach Party\" and who makes a bigger impression each time she sings. She will be seen and heard next in \"Beach Blanket Bingo\"\". She appeared in the series in the fifth film \"Beach Blanket Bingo\" in 1965, performing \"It Only Hurts When I Cry\", which some regard as her \"signature tune\". The film resulted in Loren's first album, \"Beach Blanket Bingo\". Loren told Adam Gerace of the recording of the album: \"I worked for 14 hours straight. The album was completed in that session\". The album was released on Capitol Records (which Loren had signed with in 1964), produced by David Axelrod, and arranged and conducted by H. B. Barnum. Loren also appeared in another AIP Beach Party film, \"Sergeant Deadhead\", where she sang \"Two Timin' Angel\".", "For much of the decade, Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963, \"Surf City\", which he co-wrote with Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, was his first composition to reach the top of the US charts. The resulting success pleased Brian, but angered both Murry and Capitol Records. Murry went so far as to order his oldest son to sever any future collaborations with Jan and Dean. Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors. The most notable group to which Wilson would attach himself in this era would be the Honeys, which Wilson intended as the female counterpart to the Beach Boys, and as an attempt to compete with Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes. He continued juggling between recording with the Beach Boys and producing records for other artists, but with less success at the latter--except for Jan and Dean. In late 1965, Wilson began working on material for a new project, Pet Sounds. He formed a temporary songwriting partnership with lyricist Tony Asher, who was suggested to Wilson by mutual friend Daro. Wilson, who had recorded the album's instrumentation with the Wrecking Crew, then assembled the Beach Boys to record vocal overdubs, following their return from a tour of Japan. Upon hearing what Wilson had created for the first time in 1965, the group, particularly Mike Love, was somewhat critical of their leader's music, and expressed their dissatisfaction. At this time, Wilson still had considerable control within the group and, according to Wilson, they eventually overcame their initial negative reaction, as his newly created music began to near completion.", "Feeling that surfing songs had become limiting, Brian decided to produce a set of largely car-oriented tunes for the Beach Boys' fourth album, Little Deuce Coupe, which was released in October 1963, only three weeks after the Surfer Girl LP. The departure of guitarist David Marks from the band that month meant that Brian was forced to resume touring with the Beach Boys, for a time reducing his availability in the recording studio. For much of the decade, Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963, \"Surf City\", which he co-wrote with Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, was his first composition to reach the top of the US charts. The resulting success pleased Brian, but angered both Murry and Capitol Records. Murry went so far as to order his oldest son to sever any future collaborations with Jan and Dean. Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors. The most notable group to which Wilson would attach himself in this era would be the Honeys, which Wilson intended as the female counterpart to the Beach Boys, and as an attempt to compete with Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes. He continued juggling between recording with the Beach Boys and producing records for other artists, but with less success at the latter--except for Jan and Dean.", "Pet Projects: The Brian Wilson Productions Pet Projects: The Brian Wilson Productions is a CD compilation album of the recorded work of record producer, songwriter, and musician Brian Wilson as he attempted to branch away from his band the Beach Boys during the early-to-mid-1960s and early 1970s. The compilation features performing artists such as Glen Campbell, Gary Usher, the Honeys, American Spring, Jan and Dean, Sharon Marie, and the Survivors. It was released with a full-color 20-page booklet with rare photos and a detailed essay. The compilation is the only one of its kind to be released under internationally legitimate circumstances. Previously, \"Still I Dream of it: Rare Works of Brian Wilson\" was a similarly-themed grey area Japanese release now considered by law as a bootleg. The issue of legality is also prominent on \"Pet Projects\"; some tracks were evidently unavailable due to contractual reasons. Noted absences include Bob & Sheri's \"The Surfer Moon\" & \"Humpty Dumpty\", the Castells' \"I Do\", the Honeys' \" The Love of a Boy and a Girl\", Bob & Bobby's \"Twelve-O-Four\" & \"Baby What You Want Me To Do\", and Ron Wilson's \"I'll Keep on Loving You\" & \"As Tears Go By\"."], "answer": {"text": "Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes.", "answer_start": 1205}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brian Wilson begin producing records?", "answer": {"text": "Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963,", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What artists did he work with?", "answer": {"text": "Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors.", "answer_start": 872, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b3c90a6c5bd34237a8a6869b30319896_0_q#3", "question": "What other success did Wilson have?", "rewrite": "Other than his musical successes with Phil Spector and non-Beach Boy work, What other success did Brian Wilson have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Don't Hurt My Little Sister \"Don't Hurt My Little Sister\" is a song composed and written by Brian Wilson with additional lyrics by Mike Love for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was released on their 1965 album \"The Beach Boys Today!\". Its lyrics are based on Wilson's complicated feelings for his wife Marilyn and her younger sisters. Wilson originally submitted the song to record producer Phil Spector for recording with the Ronettes. Spector accepted on the condition that the song be rewritten with different lyrics as \"Things Are Changing (For the Better)\". This version would later be recorded by The Supremes, Jay and the Americans, and The Blossoms. \"Don't Hurt My Little Sister\" was written about Brian Wilson's relation with the three Rovell sisters, Diane, Marilyn, and Barbara. He had become close with them, and eventually married Marilyn, but also held feelings for her sisters. Brian Wilson later stated that he thought that the Rovell sisters' parents \"assumed I liked Diane best, since she and I still spent the most time together talking. Deep down I still harbored feelings for cute little Barbara, though I continually reminded myself she was too young.\" Brian Wilson's songwriting co-writer Gary Usher said, \"When Brian moved out of his apartment and began living at the Rovells' house, he fell madly in love with Barbara, Marilyn and Diane's younger sister. I was over there many times, and I could see this scene happening and Brian becoming so frustrated because there was nothing he could do about it. \"  As documented by Craig Slowinski. The Beach Boys   Additional musicians and production staff The song was originally given to record producer Phil Spector by Wilson, who wanted the song to be recorded by the Ronettes.", "A Christmas Gift for You from Phil Spector A Christmas Gift for You from Phil Spector (originally released as A Christmas Gift for You from Philles Records) is an album of Christmas songs, produced by Phil Spector, and originally released as Philles 45 in 1963. Spector treated a series of mostly secular Christmas standards to his \"Wall of Sound\" treatment, and the selections feature the vocal performances of Spector's regular artists during this period. The album peaked at number 13 on \"Billboard\" magazine's special, year-end, weekly Christmas Albums sales chart in December 1963. The album was reissued by Apple Records in 1972, with different cover art\u2014a photograph of Spector dressed as a heavily bearded Santa Claus, wearing a \"Back to Mono\" button\u2014and retitled Phil Spector's Christmas Album. This version went to number 6 on \"Billboard\"'s special Christmas Albums sales chart in December of that year, which was its highest chart ranking. It was also in 1972 that it made its debut on the UK charts. It would also re-chart in 1983 peaking at UK #19. In 2003, the album was voted 142 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list. In 2017, it was ranked the 130th greatest album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\". Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys has cited this album as his favorite of all time. The album was included in Robert Dimery's \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". The album was recorded between throughout September and October 1963. Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys attempted to contribute his piano playing to \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\", but was rejected because of his low performing ability.", "In contemporary reviews, \"Stereo Review\" said the album would likely appease those whose expectations were \"\"Pet Sounds II\"\", writing \"Yes, it's true. Brian Wilson's back ... [and he's] clearly at work again with talent intact\". David Fricke wrote for \"Rolling Stone\": \"\"Brian Wilson\" is a stunning reminder of what pop's been missing all these years. It is also the best Beach Boys long player since 1970's \"Sunflower\", although Wilson is the only Beach Boy on it. The songs are full of sunshine choirboy harmonies and sing-along hooks, while the rich, expansive arrangements echo the orchestral radiance of Wilson's spiritual mentor, Phil Spector.\" \"Sun-Sentinel\" reviewed: \" Wilson's clever, mostly upbeat ideas flow magnificently throughout the record, easily transcending his emotional madness. His introspective poems and barbershop harmonies are framed in a series of bouncy melodies that never take a trite or simple path. ... Just when you think you know where one of his songs may lead, he dips into another spacey progression, and the tune is launched again on a separate plane. In particular, the closing six-part piece, 'Rio Grande', is the kind of immensely fulfilling progressive pop with which art-rock bands such as Yes and Genesis formerly toyed, but rarely brought to satisfying completion.\" Reflecting on the album's release years later, Richie Unterberger referred to the album's use of the Yamaha DX7 digital synthesizer as a detracting element, elaborating, \"While he retained his gift for catchy melodies and dense, symphonic production, there was a forced stiffness to both the songwriting and execution.", "For much of the decade, Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963, \"Surf City\", which he co-wrote with Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, was his first composition to reach the top of the US charts. The resulting success pleased Brian, but angered both Murry and Capitol Records. Murry went so far as to order his oldest son to sever any future collaborations with Jan and Dean. Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors. The most notable group to which Wilson would attach himself in this era would be the Honeys, which Wilson intended as the female counterpart to the Beach Boys, and as an attempt to compete with Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes. He continued juggling between recording with the Beach Boys and producing records for other artists, but with less success at the latter--except for Jan and Dean. In late 1965, Wilson began working on material for a new project, Pet Sounds. He formed a temporary songwriting partnership with lyricist Tony Asher, who was suggested to Wilson by mutual friend Daro. Wilson, who had recorded the album's instrumentation with the Wrecking Crew, then assembled the Beach Boys to record vocal overdubs, following their return from a tour of Japan. Upon hearing what Wilson had created for the first time in 1965, the group, particularly Mike Love, was somewhat critical of their leader's music, and expressed their dissatisfaction. At this time, Wilson still had considerable control within the group and, according to Wilson, they eventually overcame their initial negative reaction, as his newly created music began to near completion.", "Feeling that surfing songs had become limiting, Brian decided to produce a set of largely car-oriented tunes for the Beach Boys' fourth album, Little Deuce Coupe, which was released in October 1963, only three weeks after the Surfer Girl LP. The departure of guitarist David Marks from the band that month meant that Brian was forced to resume touring with the Beach Boys, for a time reducing his availability in the recording studio. For much of the decade, Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963, \"Surf City\", which he co-wrote with Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, was his first composition to reach the top of the US charts. The resulting success pleased Brian, but angered both Murry and Capitol Records. Murry went so far as to order his oldest son to sever any future collaborations with Jan and Dean. Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors. The most notable group to which Wilson would attach himself in this era would be the Honeys, which Wilson intended as the female counterpart to the Beach Boys, and as an attempt to compete with Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes. He continued juggling between recording with the Beach Boys and producing records for other artists, but with less success at the latter--except for Jan and Dean."], "answer": {"text": "The Surfin' U.S.A. album was also a big hit in the United States,", "answer_start": 1207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brian Wilson begin producing records?", "answer": {"text": "Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963,", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What artists did he work with?", "answer": {"text": "Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors.", "answer_start": 872, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he work with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes.", "answer_start": 1205, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b3c90a6c5bd34237a8a6869b30319896_0_q#4", "question": "Did he have other successes?", "rewrite": "Other than his musical successes with Phil Spector and non Beach Boy work and The Surfin USA album, Did Brian Wilson have other successes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For much of the decade, Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963, \"Surf City\", which he co-wrote with Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, was his first composition to reach the top of the US charts. The resulting success pleased Brian, but angered both Murry and Capitol Records. Murry went so far as to order his oldest son to sever any future collaborations with Jan and Dean. Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors. The most notable group to which Wilson would attach himself in this era would be the Honeys, which Wilson intended as the female counterpart to the Beach Boys, and as an attempt to compete with Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes. He continued juggling between recording with the Beach Boys and producing records for other artists, but with less success at the latter--except for Jan and Dean. In late 1965, Wilson began working on material for a new project, Pet Sounds. He formed a temporary songwriting partnership with lyricist Tony Asher, who was suggested to Wilson by mutual friend Daro. Wilson, who had recorded the album's instrumentation with the Wrecking Crew, then assembled the Beach Boys to record vocal overdubs, following their return from a tour of Japan. Upon hearing what Wilson had created for the first time in 1965, the group, particularly Mike Love, was somewhat critical of their leader's music, and expressed their dissatisfaction. At this time, Wilson still had considerable control within the group and, according to Wilson, they eventually overcame their initial negative reaction, as his newly created music began to near completion.", "A Christmas Gift for You from Phil Spector A Christmas Gift for You from Phil Spector (originally released as A Christmas Gift for You from Philles Records) is an album of Christmas songs, produced by Phil Spector, and originally released as Philles 45 in 1963. Spector treated a series of mostly secular Christmas standards to his \"Wall of Sound\" treatment, and the selections feature the vocal performances of Spector's regular artists during this period. The album peaked at number 13 on \"Billboard\" magazine's special, year-end, weekly Christmas Albums sales chart in December 1963. The album was reissued by Apple Records in 1972, with different cover art\u2014a photograph of Spector dressed as a heavily bearded Santa Claus, wearing a \"Back to Mono\" button\u2014and retitled Phil Spector's Christmas Album. This version went to number 6 on \"Billboard\"'s special Christmas Albums sales chart in December of that year, which was its highest chart ranking. It was also in 1972 that it made its debut on the UK charts. It would also re-chart in 1983 peaking at UK #19. In 2003, the album was voted 142 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list. In 2017, it was ranked the 130th greatest album of the 1960s by \"Pitchfork\". Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys has cited this album as his favorite of all time. The album was included in Robert Dimery's \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". The album was recorded between throughout September and October 1963. Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys attempted to contribute his piano playing to \"Santa Claus Is Coming to Town\", but was rejected because of his low performing ability.", "Feeling that surfing songs had become limiting, Brian decided to produce a set of largely car-oriented tunes for the Beach Boys' fourth album, Little Deuce Coupe, which was released in October 1963, only three weeks after the Surfer Girl LP. The departure of guitarist David Marks from the band that month meant that Brian was forced to resume touring with the Beach Boys, for a time reducing his availability in the recording studio. For much of the decade, Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963, \"Surf City\", which he co-wrote with Jan Berry of Jan and Dean, was his first composition to reach the top of the US charts. The resulting success pleased Brian, but angered both Murry and Capitol Records. Murry went so far as to order his oldest son to sever any future collaborations with Jan and Dean. Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors. The most notable group to which Wilson would attach himself in this era would be the Honeys, which Wilson intended as the female counterpart to the Beach Boys, and as an attempt to compete with Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes. He continued juggling between recording with the Beach Boys and producing records for other artists, but with less success at the latter--except for Jan and Dean.", "Couch Surfin USA Couch Surfin USA is the debut studio EP from the American rock band YJY. The five-track EP was released with Sniffling Indie Kids as digital download, on 7 July 2015. It also had a limited release on clear vinyl, with one copy available for a fan, which was auctioned for City of Angels. \" Couch Surfin USA\" was recorded at 1989 Recordings and TFMH, mixed by Tim Fitzpatrick and Steve Sachs, produced by YJY, and mastered by Carl Saff. The cover art is by Morgan Turcus. The album draws comparison to the music of the Beach Boys, My Bloody Valentine, and Real Estate. In an interview with \"Impose\", Dave Sachs recalls \"we knew heading into our session at 1989 that we were going to have to work fast, so we came prepared. Kegan and Dara were more than ready for us and we managed to record the entire EP over the span of two days.\" The music video for \"Couch Surfin USA\" released on 26 May 2015, was edited by Lorenzo, and features footage of the band performing live and hanging around New Jersey. The music video for \"Amelie\" was released on 20 January 2016, directed by Dean Luis Chuqui, edited by Lorenzo, and was inspired by the works of underground filmmaker Kenneth Anger. A review of the song and video, as described by Speak Into My Good Eye editor Mike Mehalick, says \"the driving, hazy, wonderfully nostalgic song is appropriately matched with VHS visions of a cloud filled sky and colorful exposures of Steve Sachs waxing and having a moment of sorts with a 1974 Volkswagen Beetle.\" \"Couch Surfin USA\" won \"The Deli\"s Best of 2015 Open Submission Poll.", "Surfin'  \"Surfin'\" is a song by American rock band the Beach Boys, written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love. It was released as the first Beach Boys single (with \"Luau\" on the B-side) in November 1961 on Candix Records and it later appeared on the 1962 album \"Surfin' Safari\". The single effectively began the Beach Boys' music career, establishing them at the vanguard of what would later be regarded the \"California Sound\". Initially, the group were trying to think of something original and creative that they could write a song about. Brian Wilson remembers that \"One day, my brother Dennis came home from the beach and said, 'Hey, surfing's getting really big. You guys ought to write a song about it.\" The song features Mike Love on lead vocals with Carl Wilson on backing vocals and acoustic guitar, Al Jardine on backing vocals and stand-up bass, Brian Wilson on backing vocals and snare drum and Dennis Wilson on backing vocals. The single peaked at number 75 in the US; it was never released in the UK. The Beach Boys later re-recorded the song for their 1992 album \"Summer in Paradise\". Brian Wilson remembers that \"I began noodling around the piano singing 'surfin', surfin', surfin'. It sounded stupid. But then Mike [Love] sang 'ba-ba-dippity-dippity-ba-ba.' He was fooling around, trying to spark a new idea with the same bass sounds he'd sung countless times before. For some reason, though, this time when he sang I pounded out a few chords to accompany him and then he took up the chant I'd been singing, 'surfin', surfin'. \""], "answer": {"text": "The Surfin' U.S.A. album was also a big hit in the United States, reaching number two on the national sales charts by early July 1963.", "answer_start": 1207}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Brian Wilson begin producing records?", "answer": {"text": "Brian attempted to establish himself as a record producer by working with various artists. On July 20, 1963,", "answer_start": 459, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What artists did he work with?", "answer": {"text": "Brian's other non-Beach Boy work in this period included tracks by the Castells, Donna Loren, Sharon Marie, the Timers, and the Survivors.", "answer_start": 872, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he work with anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "Phil Spector-led girl groups such as the Crystals and the Ronettes.", "answer_start": 1205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other success did Wilson have?", "answer": {"text": "The Surfin' U.S.A. album was also a big hit in the United States,", "answer_start": 1207, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5497310d59f3429a948d2617f5f10abd_1_q#0", "question": "What was Hugh Trevor-Roper's interest or views of the English Civil War?", "rewrite": "What was Hugh Trevor-Roper's interest or views of the English Civil War?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Storm over the gentry The Storm over the gentry was a major historiographical debate among scholars that took place in the 1940s and 1950s regarding the role of the gentry in causing the English Civil War of the 17th century. (The British gentry was the rich landowners who were not members of the aristocracy.) Economic historian R.H. Tawney had suggested in 1941 that there was a major economic crisis for the nobility in the 16th and 17th centuries and that the rapidly-rising gentry class was demanding a share of power. When the aristocracy resisted, Tawney argued, the gentry launched the civil war. Lawrence Stone, in a 1948 article, made an effort to use statistical data and methods to prove Tawney's thesis. However, Stone's argument was marred by methodological mistakes, and he came under heavy attack from Hugh Trevor-Roper and others. Trevor-Roper argued that the gentry was declining and so tried to improve its fortune through the law or the court office. Christopher Thompson, for example, showed that the peerage's real income was higher in 1602 than in 1534 and grew substantially by 1641. Many other scholars entered the fray and produced many valuable studies. American scholar JH Hexter developed a widely-accepted view that largely ended the debate by saying neither a rise nor a decline of the gentry could explain the Civil War; such theories could explain only a deliberate revolution, which did not take place.", "The General Crisis The \"General Crisis\" is the term used by some historians to describe the period of widespread conflict and instability that occurred from the early 17th century to the early 18th century in Europe and in more recent historiography in the world at large. The concept is much debated by historians; there is no consensus. The term was coined by Eric Hobsbawm in his pair of 1954 articles entitled \"The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century\" published in \"Past and Present\". As a historiographic concept, the place of the general crisis was cemented by Hugh Trevor-Roper in a 1959 article entitled \"The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century\" published in the same journal. Hobsbawm discussed an economic crisis in Europe; Trevor-Roper saw a wider crisis, \"a crisis in the relations between society and the State\". Trevor-Roper argued that the middle years of the 17th century in Western Europe saw a widespread breakdown in politics, economics and society caused by a complex series of demographic, religious, economic and political problems. In the \"general crisis\", various events such as the English Civil War, the Fronde in France, the climax of the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire and revolts against the Spanish Crown in Portugal, Naples and Catalonia were all manifestations of the same problem. The most important cause of the \"general crisis\", in Trevor-Roper\u2019s opinion, was the conflict between \"Court\" and \"Country\"; that is between the increasingly powerful centralising, bureaucratic, sovereign princely states represented by the court, and the traditional, regional, land-based aristocracy and gentry representing the country. He saw the intellectual and religious changes introduced by the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation as important secondary causes of the \"general crisis\". There were various controversies regarding the \"general crisis\" thesis between historians.", "Some historians, such as John Keegan and Hugh Trevor-Roper, praised the book as well written and well researched \u2013 although they disputed Irving's claim that Hitler had no knowledge of the Holocaust, and Trevor-Roper was strongly critical of Irving's repeating the \"stale and exploded libel\" about Churchill ordering the \"assassination\" of General Sikorski. Keegan wrote that \"Hitler's War\" was \"Irving's greatest achievement... indispensable to anyone seeking to understand the war in the round\". Trevor-Roper's praise was circumspect. Trevor-Roper commended Irving's \"indefatigable, scholarly industry\" and wrote \"I have enjoyed reading his long work from beginning to end\", but he also went on to note that many of the conclusions Irving drew were not supported by the evidence. Trevor-Roper objected to Irving's argument that one entry from Heinrich Himmler's phone log on 30 November 1941, ordering Heydrich to ensure that one train transport of German Jews to Latvia not be executed on arrival, proved that Hitler was opposed to genocide. Trevor-Roper argued that the message concerned only the people aboard that particular train and was not about all the Jews in Europe. (Irving, claiming to have misread the original source document as referring to transportation generally, rather than a specific train, later accepted that his reading of the message was wrong and that it actually referred to a single trainload out of Berlin.) Trevor-Roper noted the contradiction in Irving's argument, based on the assumption that it was Hitler who ordered Himmler to spare the people aboard that train and the claim that Hitler was unaware in the fall of 1941 that the SS were rounding up German and Czech Jews to be sent to be shot in Eastern Europe", "Patrick Trevor-Roper Patrick Dacre Trevor-Roper (7 June 1916 \u2013 22 April 2004), British eye surgeon, author and pioneer gay rights activist, was one of the first people in the United Kingdom to \"come out\" as openly gay, and played a leading role in the campaign to repeal the UK's anti-gay laws. He was born in Northumberland, the son of a doctor, and the brother of historian Hugh Trevor-Roper. He was educated at Charterhouse, the University of Cambridge and the Westminster Medical School. During World War II he served in the Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps in the Mediterranean. After the war he became a specialist in ophthalmic surgery, and divided his working life between work in public hospitals and a lucrative private practice in London. In 1955 Trevor-Roper agreed to appear as a witness before the Wolfenden Committee, which had been appointed by the British government to investigate (among other things) whether male homosexuality should remain a crime. He was one of only three men who could be found to appear as openly gay witnesses before the Committee. The others were the journalist Peter Wildeblood (who had been convicted of a homosexual offence) and Carl Winter, director of the Fitzwilliam Museum. Trevor-Roper told the Wolfenden Committee that the majority of gay men led normal and well-adjusted lives, posed no threat to children or public morality, and that homosexuality was not a physical or mental illness. He pointed out that the existing laws did nothing but encourage blackmailers. He argued that the age of consent should be lowered to 16, and told the committee that many young gay men committed or attempted suicide because of isolation or depression induced by homophobia. These were highly controversial views in the 1950s.", "In his essays in social history, written during the 1950s and 1960s, Trevor-Roper was influenced by the work of the French Annales School, especially Fernand Braudel and did much to introduce the work of the Annales school to the English-speaking world. In the 1950s, Trevor-Roper wrote that Braudel and the rest of the school were doing much innovative historical work but were \"totally excluded from Oxford which remains, in historical matters, a retrograde provincial backwater\". In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War. For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments; only later did the dispute become a matter of the structure of the Church of England. The Puritans desired a more decentralised and egalitarian church, with an emphasis on the laity, while the Arminians wished for an ordered church with a hierarchy, an emphasis on divine right and salvation through free will. As a historian of early modern Britain, Trevor-Roper was known for his disputes with fellow historians such as Lawrence Stone and Christopher Hill, whose materialist (and in some measure \"inevitablist\") explanations of the English Civil War he attacked. Trevor-Roper was a leading player in the historiographical storm over the gentry (also known as the Gentry controversy), a dispute with the historians R. H. Tawney and Stone, about whether the English gentry were, economically, on the way down or up, in the century before the English Civil War and whether this helped cause that war. Stone, Tawney and Hill argued that the gentry were rising economically and that this caused the Civil War."], "answer": {"text": "In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War.", "answer_start": 483}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5497310d59f3429a948d2617f5f10abd_1_q#1", "question": "What else did he think of the war?", "rewrite": "Besides Trevor-Roper believing the English Civil war was caused by the Puritans and the Arminians, , what else did Hugh Trevor-Roper think of the war?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some historians, such as John Keegan and Hugh Trevor-Roper, praised the book as well written and well researched \u2013 although they disputed Irving's claim that Hitler had no knowledge of the Holocaust, and Trevor-Roper was strongly critical of Irving's repeating the \"stale and exploded libel\" about Churchill ordering the \"assassination\" of General Sikorski. Keegan wrote that \"Hitler's War\" was \"Irving's greatest achievement... indispensable to anyone seeking to understand the war in the round\". Trevor-Roper's praise was circumspect. Trevor-Roper commended Irving's \"indefatigable, scholarly industry\" and wrote \"I have enjoyed reading his long work from beginning to end\", but he also went on to note that many of the conclusions Irving drew were not supported by the evidence. Trevor-Roper objected to Irving's argument that one entry from Heinrich Himmler's phone log on 30 November 1941, ordering Heydrich to ensure that one train transport of German Jews to Latvia not be executed on arrival, proved that Hitler was opposed to genocide. Trevor-Roper argued that the message concerned only the people aboard that particular train and was not about all the Jews in Europe. (Irving, claiming to have misread the original source document as referring to transportation generally, rather than a specific train, later accepted that his reading of the message was wrong and that it actually referred to a single trainload out of Berlin.) Trevor-Roper noted the contradiction in Irving's argument, based on the assumption that it was Hitler who ordered Himmler to spare the people aboard that train and the claim that Hitler was unaware in the fall of 1941 that the SS were rounding up German and Czech Jews to be sent to be shot in Eastern Europe", "In his essays in social history, written during the 1950s and 1960s, Trevor-Roper was influenced by the work of the French Annales School, especially Fernand Braudel and did much to introduce the work of the Annales school to the English-speaking world. In the 1950s, Trevor-Roper wrote that Braudel and the rest of the school were doing much innovative historical work but were \"totally excluded from Oxford which remains, in historical matters, a retrograde provincial backwater\". In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War. For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments; only later did the dispute become a matter of the structure of the Church of England. The Puritans desired a more decentralised and egalitarian church, with an emphasis on the laity, while the Arminians wished for an ordered church with a hierarchy, an emphasis on divine right and salvation through free will. As a historian of early modern Britain, Trevor-Roper was known for his disputes with fellow historians such as Lawrence Stone and Christopher Hill, whose materialist (and in some measure \"inevitablist\") explanations of the English Civil War he attacked. Trevor-Roper was a leading player in the historiographical storm over the gentry (also known as the Gentry controversy), a dispute with the historians R. H. Tawney and Stone, about whether the English gentry were, economically, on the way down or up, in the century before the English Civil War and whether this helped cause that war. Stone, Tawney and Hill argued that the gentry were rising economically and that this caused the Civil War.", "In private, he was furious with Trevor-Roper for holding an honour that Taylor considered rightfully his. Adding to Taylor's rancour was the fact that he had arrived at Oxford a decade before Trevor-Roper. From then on, Taylor never missed a chance to disparage Trevor-Roper's character or scholarship. The famously combative Trevor-Roper reciprocated. The feud was given much publicity by the media, not so much because of the merits of their disputes but rather because their acrimonious debates on television made for entertaining viewing. Likewise, the various articles written by Taylor and Trevor-Roper denouncing each other's scholarship, in which both men's considerable powers of invective were employed with maximum effect, made for entertaining reading. Beyond that, it was fashionable to portray the dispute between Taylor and Trevor-Roper as a battle between generations. Taylor, with his populist, irreverent style, was nearly a decade older than Trevor-Roper, but was represented by the media as a symbol of the younger generation that was coming of age in the 1950s\u20131960s. Trevor-Roper, who was unabashedly old-fashioned (he was one of the last Oxford dons to lecture wearing his professor's robes) and inclined to behave in a manner that the media portrayed as pompous and conceited, was seen as a symbol of the older generation. A subtle but important difference in the style between the two historians was their manner of addressing each other during their TV debates: Trevor-Roper always addressed Taylor as \"Mr Taylor\" or just \"Taylor\", while Taylor always addressed Trevor-Roper as \"Hugh\". Another frequent sparring partner on TV for Taylor was the writer Malcolm Muggeridge.", "The General Crisis The \"General Crisis\" is the term used by some historians to describe the period of widespread conflict and instability that occurred from the early 17th century to the early 18th century in Europe and in more recent historiography in the world at large. The concept is much debated by historians; there is no consensus. The term was coined by Eric Hobsbawm in his pair of 1954 articles entitled \"The Crisis of the Seventeenth Century\" published in \"Past and Present\". As a historiographic concept, the place of the general crisis was cemented by Hugh Trevor-Roper in a 1959 article entitled \"The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century\" published in the same journal. Hobsbawm discussed an economic crisis in Europe; Trevor-Roper saw a wider crisis, \"a crisis in the relations between society and the State\". Trevor-Roper argued that the middle years of the 17th century in Western Europe saw a widespread breakdown in politics, economics and society caused by a complex series of demographic, religious, economic and political problems. In the \"general crisis\", various events such as the English Civil War, the Fronde in France, the climax of the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire and revolts against the Spanish Crown in Portugal, Naples and Catalonia were all manifestations of the same problem. The most important cause of the \"general crisis\", in Trevor-Roper\u2019s opinion, was the conflict between \"Court\" and \"Country\"; that is between the increasingly powerful centralising, bureaucratic, sovereign princely states represented by the court, and the traditional, regional, land-based aristocracy and gentry representing the country. He saw the intellectual and religious changes introduced by the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation as important secondary causes of the \"general crisis\". There were various controversies regarding the \"general crisis\" thesis between historians.", "Patrick Trevor-Roper Patrick Dacre Trevor-Roper (7 June 1916 \u2013 22 April 2004), British eye surgeon, author and pioneer gay rights activist, was one of the first people in the United Kingdom to \"come out\" as openly gay, and played a leading role in the campaign to repeal the UK's anti-gay laws. He was born in Northumberland, the son of a doctor, and the brother of historian Hugh Trevor-Roper. He was educated at Charterhouse, the University of Cambridge and the Westminster Medical School. During World War II he served in the Royal New Zealand Army Medical Corps in the Mediterranean. After the war he became a specialist in ophthalmic surgery, and divided his working life between work in public hospitals and a lucrative private practice in London. In 1955 Trevor-Roper agreed to appear as a witness before the Wolfenden Committee, which had been appointed by the British government to investigate (among other things) whether male homosexuality should remain a crime. He was one of only three men who could be found to appear as openly gay witnesses before the Committee. The others were the journalist Peter Wildeblood (who had been convicted of a homosexual offence) and Carl Winter, director of the Fitzwilliam Museum. Trevor-Roper told the Wolfenden Committee that the majority of gay men led normal and well-adjusted lives, posed no threat to children or public morality, and that homosexuality was not a physical or mental illness. He pointed out that the existing laws did nothing but encourage blackmailers. He argued that the age of consent should be lowered to 16, and told the committee that many young gay men committed or attempted suicide because of isolation or depression induced by homophobia. These were highly controversial views in the 1950s."], "answer": {"text": "For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments;", "answer_start": 629}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Hugh Trevor-Roper's interest or views of the English Civil War?", "answer": {"text": "In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War.", "answer_start": 483, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_5497310d59f3429a948d2617f5f10abd_1_q#2", "question": "What other issues were there?", "rewrite": "Besides free will, predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments, what other issues were there during the English Civil War?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Double predestination is the idea that not only does God choose some to be saved, he also creates some people who will be damned. Modern Calvinists respond to the ethical dilemma of double predestination by explaining that God's active predestination is only for the elect. God provides grace to the elect causing salvation, but for the damned God withholds salvific grace. Calvinists teach that God remains just and fair in creating persons he predestines to damnation because although God unilaterally works in the elect producing regeneration, God does not actively force the damned to sin. It is not the view of any of the Reformed confessions, which speak of God passing over rather than actively reprobating the damned. Scholars have disagreed over whether Heinrich Bullinger accepted the doctrine of double predestination. Frank A. James says that he rejected it, preferring a view called \"single predestination\" where God elects some to salvation, but does not in any way predestine to reprobation. Cornelis Venema, on the other hand, argues that \"Bullinger did not consistently articulate a doctrine of single predestination,\" and defended double predestination on a few occasions. As a disciple of Augustine, John Calvin also taught double predestination. He wrote the foundational work on this topic, \"Institutes of the Christian Religion\" (1539), while living in Strasbourg after his expulsion from Geneva and consulting regularly with the Reformed theologian Martin Bucer. Calvin's belief in the uncompromised \"sovereignty of God\" spawned his doctrines of providence and predestination. For the world, without providence it would be \"unlivable\". For individuals, without predestination \"no one would be saved\". Calvin's doctrine of providence is straightforward.", "First English Civil War The First English Civil War (1642\u20131646) began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War (or \"Wars\"). \" The English Civil War\" was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651, and includes the Second English Civil War (1648\u20131649) and the Third English Civil War (1649\u20131651). The wars in England were part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, being fought contemporaneously with equivalents in Scotland and Ireland. The First Civil War ended with King Charles I in custody and cessation of armed political Royalism, though the new power-in-charge was indecisive, as England and Scotland was in the hands potentially of any one of the four parties that opposed the Royalists. Convention uses the name \"The English Civil War\" (1642\u20131651) to refer collectively to the civil wars in England and the Scottish Civil War, which began with the raising of King Charles I's standard at Nottingham on 22 August 1642, and ended on 3 September 1651 at the Battle of Worcester. There was some continued organised Royalist resistance in Scotland, which lasted until the surrender of Dunnottar Castle to Parliament's troops in May 1652, but this resistance is not usually included as part of the English Civil War. The English Civil War can be divided into three: the First English Civil War (1642\u20131646), the Second English Civil War (1648\u20131649), and the Third English Civil War (1649\u20131651). For the most part, accounts summarise the two sides that fought the English Civil Wars as the Royalist Cavaliers of Charles I of England versus the Parliamentarian Roundheads. However, as with many civil wars, loyalties shifted for various reasons, and both sides changed significantly during the conflicts.", "Second English Civil War The Second English Civil War (1648\u20131649) was the second of three civil wars known collectively as the English Civil War (or \"Wars\"), which refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651 and also include the First English Civil War (1642\u20131646) and the Third English Civil War (1649\u20131651), all of which were part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The end of the First Civil War, in 1646, left a partial power vacuum in which any combination of the three English factions, Royalists, Independents of the New Model Army (sometimes called the \"Commonwealth Army\", henceforward called \"the Army\"), and Presbyterians of the English Parliament, as well as the Scottish Parliament allied with the Scottish Presbyterians (the \"Kirk\"), could prove strong enough to dominate the rest. Armed political Royalism was at an end, but despite being a prisoner, King Charles I (1600\u20131649) was considered by himself and his opponents (almost to the last) as necessary to ensure the success of whichever group could come to terms with him. Thus he passed successively into the hands of the Scots, the Parliament and the Army. The King attempted to reverse the verdict of arms by \"coquetting\" with each in turn. On 3 June 1647, Cornet George Joyce of Thomas Fairfax's horse seized the King for the Army, after which the English Presbyterians and the Scots began to prepare for a fresh civil war, less than two years after the conclusion of the first, this time against \"Independency\", as embodied in the Army. After making use of the Army's sword, its opponents attempted to disband it, to send it on foreign service and to cut off its arrears of pay.", "In Reformed theology, sacraments are held to be, along with the word of God preached, the means of grace. In the sacraments, God graciously condescends to use common material objects to communicate divine promises to people. The grace promised consists not only in benefits which God bestows on people, but Christ's person himself, to whom God unites the believer. Sacraments confirm or ratify the promises communicated in preaching. Both preaching and the sacraments are not merely symbolic and representative of the reality to which they refer, but actually create the reality of saving grace. The sacraments are made efficacious by the Holy Spirit in actually bringing into effect the promises signified in the sacraments. This efficacy is only beneficial, however, for those who have faith. The sacrament remains efficacious regardless of the recipient's response. Its effect is negative, resulting in judgement, for the faithless; while it confers Christ and his benefits for the faithful. Reformed theologians believe sacraments to be instituted in the context of covenants between God and people. They believe that when God makes covenants, he provides physical signs associated with the covenant. Old Testament covenant signs include the rainbow which appeared following a covenant made with Noah. Circumcision is believed to be a sign of God's covenant with Abraham and his descendants. Such signs entail blessings and sanctions on those with whom God covenants. In the New Testament period there are two such signs or sacraments: baptism and the Lord's Supper. In Reformed sacramental theology, the sign (in the case of baptism the external washing with water) may be described in terms of the thing signified (regeneration, remission of sin, etc.), because of the close connection between them.", "In his essays in social history, written during the 1950s and 1960s, Trevor-Roper was influenced by the work of the French Annales School, especially Fernand Braudel and did much to introduce the work of the Annales school to the English-speaking world. In the 1950s, Trevor-Roper wrote that Braudel and the rest of the school were doing much innovative historical work but were \"totally excluded from Oxford which remains, in historical matters, a retrograde provincial backwater\". In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War. For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments; only later did the dispute become a matter of the structure of the Church of England. The Puritans desired a more decentralised and egalitarian church, with an emphasis on the laity, while the Arminians wished for an ordered church with a hierarchy, an emphasis on divine right and salvation through free will. As a historian of early modern Britain, Trevor-Roper was known for his disputes with fellow historians such as Lawrence Stone and Christopher Hill, whose materialist (and in some measure \"inevitablist\") explanations of the English Civil War he attacked. Trevor-Roper was a leading player in the historiographical storm over the gentry (also known as the Gentry controversy), a dispute with the historians R. H. Tawney and Stone, about whether the English gentry were, economically, on the way down or up, in the century before the English Civil War and whether this helped cause that war. Stone, Tawney and Hill argued that the gentry were rising economically and that this caused the Civil War."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Hugh Trevor-Roper's interest or views of the English Civil War?", "answer": {"text": "In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War.", "answer_start": 483, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What else did he think of the war?", "answer": {"text": "For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_5497310d59f3429a948d2617f5f10abd_1_q#3", "question": "What were results of the war?", "rewrite": "What were results of the English Civil war?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["First English Civil War The First English Civil War (1642\u20131646) began the series of three wars known as the English Civil War (or \"Wars\"). \" The English Civil War\" was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations that took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651, and includes the Second English Civil War (1648\u20131649) and the Third English Civil War (1649\u20131651). The wars in England were part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, being fought contemporaneously with equivalents in Scotland and Ireland. The First Civil War ended with King Charles I in custody and cessation of armed political Royalism, though the new power-in-charge was indecisive, as England and Scotland was in the hands potentially of any one of the four parties that opposed the Royalists. Convention uses the name \"The English Civil War\" (1642\u20131651) to refer collectively to the civil wars in England and the Scottish Civil War, which began with the raising of King Charles I's standard at Nottingham on 22 August 1642, and ended on 3 September 1651 at the Battle of Worcester. There was some continued organised Royalist resistance in Scotland, which lasted until the surrender of Dunnottar Castle to Parliament's troops in May 1652, but this resistance is not usually included as part of the English Civil War. The English Civil War can be divided into three: the First English Civil War (1642\u20131646), the Second English Civil War (1648\u20131649), and the Third English Civil War (1649\u20131651). For the most part, accounts summarise the two sides that fought the English Civil Wars as the Royalist Cavaliers of Charles I of England versus the Parliamentarian Roundheads. However, as with many civil wars, loyalties shifted for various reasons, and both sides changed significantly during the conflicts.", "Third English Civil War The Third English Civil War (1649\u20131651) was the last of the English Civil Wars (1642\u20131651), a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The Preston campaign of the Second Civil War was undertaken under the direction of the Scots Parliament, not the Kirk, and it took the execution of King Charles I to bring about a union of all Scottish parties against the English Independents. Even so, Charles II in exile had to submit to long negotiations and hard conditions before he was allowed to put himself at the head of the Scottish armies. The Marquess of Huntly was executed for taking up arms for the king on 22 March 1649. The Marquess of Montrose, under the direction of Charles II, made a last attempt to rally the Scottish Royalists early in 1650. But Charles II merely used Montrose as a threat to obtain better conditions for himself from the Covenanters. When Montrose was defeated at the Battle of Carbisdale on 27 April, delivered up to his pursuers on 4 May, and executed on 21 May 1650, Charles II gave way to the demands of the Covenanters and placed himself at their head. Charles II now tried to regain the throne through an alliance with his father's former enemies in Scotland, who intended to impose Presbyterianism on England. He dismissed all the faithful Cavaliers who had followed him to exile. As the Royal army was mostly Scottish, and as the invasion was not accompanied by any major rising or support in England, the war can also be viewed as being primarily an Anglo-Scottish War rather than a continuation of the English Civil War. Ireland had been at war since the rebellion of 1641, with most of the island being controlled by the Irish Confederates. In 1648, in the wake of Charles I's arrest, and the growing threat to them from the armies of the English Parliament", "Second English Civil War The Second English Civil War (1648\u20131649) was the second of three civil wars known collectively as the English Civil War (or \"Wars\"), which refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651 and also include the First English Civil War (1642\u20131646) and the Third English Civil War (1649\u20131651), all of which were part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The end of the First Civil War, in 1646, left a partial power vacuum in which any combination of the three English factions, Royalists, Independents of the New Model Army (sometimes called the \"Commonwealth Army\", henceforward called \"the Army\"), and Presbyterians of the English Parliament, as well as the Scottish Parliament allied with the Scottish Presbyterians (the \"Kirk\"), could prove strong enough to dominate the rest. Armed political Royalism was at an end, but despite being a prisoner, King Charles I (1600\u20131649) was considered by himself and his opponents (almost to the last) as necessary to ensure the success of whichever group could come to terms with him. Thus he passed successively into the hands of the Scots, the Parliament and the Army. The King attempted to reverse the verdict of arms by \"coquetting\" with each in turn. On 3 June 1647, Cornet George Joyce of Thomas Fairfax's horse seized the King for the Army, after which the English Presbyterians and the Scots began to prepare for a fresh civil war, less than two years after the conclusion of the first, this time against \"Independency\", as embodied in the Army. After making use of the Army's sword, its opponents attempted to disband it, to send it on foreign service and to cut off its arrears of pay.", "Worcestershire in the English Civil War Worcestershire was the county where the first battle and last battle of the English Civil War took place. The first battle, the Battle of Powick Bridge, fought on 23 September 1642, was a cavalry skirmish and a victor for the Royalists (Cavaliers). The final battle, the battle of Worcester, fought on 3 September 1651, was decisive and ended the war with a Parliamentary (Roundhead) victory and King Charles IIa wanted fugitive. During the First Civil War the county was under the control of the Royalists although many of their fortified garrisons were besieged by Parliamentarian forces at one time of another. For example Worcester was besieged twice before finally surrendering on 23 July 1646. After the surrender many Royalist families in Worcestershire had their estates sequested and had to compound (pay a fine to buy back their property) calculated in part by the expected income from their estate and also by their involvement in the Royalist cause during the civil war. Other than the Broadway Plot of January 1648 the events of the Second English Civil War (1648) passed Worcestershire by. During Third English Civil War Charles II lead a predominantly Scottish Royalist army to the City of Worcester hoping that English Cavaliers would rally to his banner. While a few did, Charles's army was surrounded by a much larger Parliamentary army under the command of Oliver Cromwell and comprehensively defeated in what Cromwell described as a \"Crowning Mercy\". Charles I's policies of rule without Parliament forced him to raise taxes on imports of goods known as 'tonnage and poundage'. Policies like these particularly reduced the profitability of trade and created opposition in urban centres including Worcester. Similarly, the Ship Money taxation levied in 1636 fell heavily on Worcester, which was the sixteenth highest paying city in England. Puritans including Richard Baxter noted the mounting opposition to Royal policies within the county.", "Bristol in the English Civil War During the English Civil War (1642\u20131651), Bristol was a key port on the west coast of England and considered strategically important by both Royalists and Parliamentarians. Initially, the leadership of Bristol wanted to keep the city neutral in the conflict. In 1642, city officials implored Thomas Essex not to occupy the city with his Parliamentarian forces. The city was weakly defended, and Essex entered without much resistance. During the conflict, Bristol was used as a receiving point for the Royalists to accept reinforcements from Ireland. The town was well fortified by the Frome and Avon rivers, as well as a medieval castle, which had been bought by the corporation when the First English Civil War broke out in 1642, and during the Parliamentary defense, earthen artillery forts. In these years, Bristol failed to play the important role that might have been expected from a large and rich port. However, the populace had no relish for a civil war in which men were fighting for reasons which did not fill most citizens of Bristol with any great enthusiasm. Royal Fort House was built on the site of two bastions on the inside of the lines and three on the outside which were fought over during the English Civil War. It was the strongest part of the defenses of Bristol, designed by Dutch military engineer Sir Bernard de Gomme. It was one of the few purpose-built defensive works of the war era. The fort was designed as the western headquarters of the Royalist army under Prince Rupert. It was demolished in 1655. For Bristol, the central event of the war was the Storming of Bristol by Royalist forces in 1643. The Royalist suffered heavy casualties taking the city, especially among regimental and brigade commanders. After the capture, the city became an important Royalist supply base, and center for communication, administration, and manufacture. The Royalists were dependent on foreign aid and the importation of weaponry."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Hugh Trevor-Roper's interest or views of the English Civil War?", "answer": {"text": "In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War.", "answer_start": 483, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What else did he think of the war?", "answer": {"text": "For him, the dispute was over such issues as free will and predestination and the role of preaching versus the sacraments;", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What other issues were there?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#0", "question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "rewrite": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ray Allen Billington Prize The Ray Allen Billington Prize is given biennially by the Organization of American Historians (OAH) for the best book about American frontier history. The \"American frontier\" includes all of North and South America, all post-1492 pioneer experiences, and comparisons between American frontiers and others around the world. First given in 1981, this prize honors Ray Allen Billington, OAH President (1962-1963) and prolific writer about American frontiers. A three-member committee, chosen by the OAH President for a two-year term, selects the winner who receives $1000. The first award was made posthumously to John D. Unruh who died in 1976. No award was made in 1997, and two awards were made in 1999. The following table lists past recipients.", "Clarence Ray Allen Clarence Ray Allen (January 16, 1930 \u2013 January 17, 2006) was an American criminal who was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison in California for the murders of three people. At age 76 in 2006, he became the second-oldest inmate at the time to be executed in the United States since 1976, after John B. Nixon, who was executed in Mississippi in December 2005 at age 77. This record has since been broken by Walter Moody. Pro-death penalty activists cite Allen's actions as a reason to support capital punishment in the United States. He was already serving a life sentence for one murder when he was convicted of organizing the killing of three more people. While in prison, Allen then acknowledged his Native American Choctaw heritage. He also claimed to be deaf, blind and severely disabled, requiring a wheelchair for mobility. He did not know any sign language to communicate with hearing people. During his execution, he was able to walk from his wheelchair to the death podium unassisted. In addition, he appeared to be looking straight at his family prior to receiving the first dose of drugs during his lethal injection procedure. Allen had a confirmed advanced case of type 2 diabetes, and he suffered a perhaps related heart attack on September 2, 2005. His lawyers declared that \"he presents absolutely no danger at this point, as incapacitated as he is. There's no legitimate state purpose served by executing him. It would be gratuitous punishment. \" They argued that his execution would constitute cruel and unusual punishment and requested that he be granted clemency by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, which was subsequently refused. In 1974, Allen plotted the burglary of Fran's Market, a Fresno area supermarket, owned by Ray and Fran Schletewitz, whom Allen had known for years.", "Royale Racing Royale Race Cars was a British constructor of race cars in the 20th century. The company produced single seaters as well as sports cars. Bob King had experience with the working on and selling of automobiles. When King acquired an Elva he had the intention to race the car himself. This evolved into preparing race cars for others. He founded Racing Preparations, specializing in Coventry Climax engines. After the demand for Climax engines decreased King and business partner Alan Cornock decided to focus on constructing race cars. In 1968 King founded Royale, named after the Park Royal area in London. The first car was the RP1, RP for Racing Preparations. The car was designed by Bob Marston, a future designer for Lola Cars. The RP2 was the first production Royale of which 30 were built. The RP2 had some success in the Brazilian Formula Ford championship. Ray Allen achieved a third place in the championship behind Emerson Fittipaldi and Ian Ashley both driving Lotuses. Royale introduced many new cars in 1970. Ray Allen dominated the newly found Formula F100 in a Royale RP4. Two Formula Atlantic RP8's were built. Chassis number 1 was driven by Ray Allen and Tony Lanfranchi in various Formula Libre races. At the end of the year the car was shipped of to America. The second chassis sold as a Formula 3 car to a German agent. In 1971 Royale had a lot of success in the Formula Super Vee. Syd Williams, fielded by D.J. Bond Racing, won the first race of the German championship. Manfred Schurti and Manfred Trint scored a one-two finish for Royale during the final round of the championship. In the American championship Royale had even more success. Billy Scott won the championship winning four races. Royales were also driven by Ray Heppenstall among others.", "R. S. Allen Morris Saffian (July 11, 1924 \u2013 October 17, 1981), better known by the pseudonyms Ray Saffian (R.S.) Allen, Ray Allen Saffian, and Ray Allen, was an American writer of radio, television, and film, as well as a television producer. Usually collaborating with longtime writing partner Harvey Bullock, Allen co-wrote for a large number of television programs, including \"The Andy Griffith Show\", \"The Flintstones\", \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\", \"Hogan's Heroes\", and \"The Love Boat\". Allen and Bullock also created the TV series \"Rango\", and wrote the screenplays for the feature films \"Girl Happy\" (starring Elvis Presley), \"The Man Called Flintstone\" (1966), and \"Don't Drink the Water\" (1969), among others. As writer-producers, Allen and Bullock collaborated on shows such as \"Wait Till Your Father Gets Home\", \"The Love Boat\", and \"Alice\". Allen was a native of New York City. He died in Los Angeles, California at the age of 57. Allen and Bullock received a Random House award in 1956 and were nominated for an Emmy Award in 1976 for a children's program called \"Papa and Me\".", "Ray Allen Billington Ray Allen Billington (September 28, 1903 in Bay City, Michigan - March 7, 1981 in San Marino, California) was an American historian focusing his work on the history of the American frontier and the American West, becoming one of the leading defenders of Frederick Jackson Turner's \"Frontier Thesis\" from the 1950s to the 1970s, expanding the field of the history of the American West. He was a co-founder of the Western History Association in 1961. Billington studied at the University of Michigan, but was expelled. He held two Ph.D. degrees, one from the University of Wisconsin (1926), and one from Harvard University (1933). He taught at Clark University, Smith College, Northwestern University, and served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting Professor of American History at Oxford University (1953\u201354). He retired from his teaching career in 1964 and became the Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library. He married Mabel R. Crotty; they had two children, Ann and Allan. To honor their former president and longtime member, the Organization of American Historians created the Ray Allen Billington Prize for the best book in American frontier history, \"which is defined broadly to include the pioneer periods of all geographical areas, and comparisons between American frontiers and others. \" The prize has been awarded biennially since 1981, except for in 1997. In the 1970s, Billington served as a trustee of Occidental College in Los Angeles, CA and developed an affection for the school. With funding from his estate, the college's Department of History now hosts the Ray Allen Billington Visiting Professor in U.S. History, given to honor \"the tradition of fine teacher/scholars at American liberal arts colleges. \" The first award was given for the 1999-2000 academic year."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#1", "question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "rewrite": "Why did  Ray Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During this period, the Bucks drafted Glenn Robinson with the first overall pick in the 1994 NBA Draft and in 1996 acquired rookie Ray Allen in a draft day trade with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Both players would have prominent roles in the Bucks resurgence during the late 1990s. After the franchise's 25th anniversary in 1993, the Bucks overhauled their logo and uniforms. The colors were green, purple, and silver. The old logo, which featured a cartoonish deer, was replaced in favor of a more realistic one. The primary color scheme was altered as well, when red was supplanted by purple. Purple road uniforms replaced the former green away uniforms. In 1997, the Bucks sent all-star forward Vin Baker in a three-team trade to the Seattle SuperSonics, and they would acquire Cleveland Cavaliers guard Terrell Brandon and forward Tyrone Hill. They also traded their 10th overall pick Danny Fortson, guard Johnny Newman, and center Joe Wolf to the Denver Nuggets for center Ervin Johnson. The 1997\u201398 Bucks finished their season with a 36\u201346 record, yet failing to make the playoffs for the seventh consecutive time. After a decade of dwelling near the bottom of the NBA's standings, the Bucks looked to add credibility to their basketball operations. In 1998, the team hired veteran coach George Karl, who had reached the NBA Finals with the Seattle SuperSonics. Under the leadership of Karl and general manager Ernie Grunfeld, and with the steady addition of talent such as Tim Thomas and Sam Cassell, the Bucks developed into an elite team in the Eastern Conference. The nucleus of the \"big three\"\u2014consisting of Ray Allen, Cassell, and Robinson\u2014along with Karl, created a successful renaissance era in Milwaukee. The team reached its zenith in 2000\u20132001, winning 52 games and the Central Division title.", "Alchemilla diademata Alchemilla diademata, also known as the diadem lady's mantle (), is a species of the genus \"Alchemilla\" endemic to Lebanon. The plant has been commonly used in folk medicine in Lebanon and its promising bioactive properties have been subject to a number of studies. \"Alchemilla diademata\" has an erect high stem. The stem is highly pubescent at the base, the trichomes become less dense at the tips. The leaves are basal and measure wide and wide; they resemble lobed kidneys with an oval with an inward curve on one side The leaves are incised to the third into 7 to 9 lobes, each of them fringed by 6 to 7 teeth on each side of the lobes. The teeth end with bristles and are slightly connivent. The leaf underside is hispid and its sinus is cordate. The plant has long, membranous and brownish stipules; it has a yellow-green pedicellated and glabrous inflorescence. The ovoid flowers appear from May to July, they produce ovoid and urn-shaped fruits. The plant is only found on the slopes of Mount Sannine in the Mount Lebanon range; it favors humid sandstone. A 2004 screening of Lebanese indigenous plants that have historically been used in folk-medicine conducted in the American University of Beirut Nature Conservation Center laboratories showed that \"A. diademata\" extract had an antimicrobial activity against \"Staphylococcus aureus\". Later studies showed that the plant also has anti-fungal activity against \"Candida albicans\".", "Ray Allen Billington Ray Allen Billington (September 28, 1903 in Bay City, Michigan - March 7, 1981 in San Marino, California) was an American historian focusing his work on the history of the American frontier and the American West, becoming one of the leading defenders of Frederick Jackson Turner's \"Frontier Thesis\" from the 1950s to the 1970s, expanding the field of the history of the American West. He was a co-founder of the Western History Association in 1961. Billington studied at the University of Michigan, but was expelled. He held two Ph.D. degrees, one from the University of Wisconsin (1926), and one from Harvard University (1933). He taught at Clark University, Smith College, Northwestern University, and served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting Professor of American History at Oxford University (1953\u201354). He retired from his teaching career in 1964 and became the Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library. He married Mabel R. Crotty; they had two children, Ann and Allan. To honor their former president and longtime member, the Organization of American Historians created the Ray Allen Billington Prize for the best book in American frontier history, \"which is defined broadly to include the pioneer periods of all geographical areas, and comparisons between American frontiers and others. \" The prize has been awarded biennially since 1981, except for in 1997. In the 1970s, Billington served as a trustee of Occidental College in Los Angeles, CA and developed an affection for the school. With funding from his estate, the college's Department of History now hosts the Ray Allen Billington Visiting Professor in U.S. History, given to honor \"the tradition of fine teacher/scholars at American liberal arts colleges. \" The first award was given for the 1999-2000 academic year.", "2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season The 2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season was the 41st and final season of the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the franchise's final season of play in Seattle before relocating to Oklahoma City to play as the Thunder. With head coach P. J. Carlesimo as replacement of Bob Hill, who was fired at the end of the previous season, the SuperSonics finished in 15th place in the Western Conference with a franchise worst 20\u201362 record. Seattle's first round draft pick and no. 2 overall Kevin Durant was chosen as the Rookie of the Year at the end of the season. As of 2019, the only remaining Sonics in the NBA are Jeff Green of the Utah Jazz and Kevin Durant of the Brooklyn Nets, after Nick Collison retired in 2018. Collison was also the last remaining player on the Thunder roster who previously played for the Sonics team, with Russell Westbrook being drafted under the SuperSonics name in 2008 before moving to Oklahoma City. Until 2019, Mark Bryant was also the last Sonics coach to remain with the franchise on the Thunder roster. Following Bob Hill and Rick Sund's departures as head coach and general manager respectively, President of Basketball Operations Lenny Wilkens was charged with the responsibility of finding replacements. For the general manager position, Wilkens hired Sam Presti and months later P. J. Carlesimo was appointed as head coach of the Sonics. Wilkens quit a day later. Presti's first order of business involved a trade with the Boston Celtics on draft day that sent Ray Allen and the SuperSonics' second round pick Glen Davis to Boston in exchange for the Celtics' first round pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak and Delonte West.", "The 2002\u201303 season saw All-Star Gary Payton traded to the Milwaukee Bucks, and it also marked the end to the SuperSonics 11-year streak of having a season with a winning percentage of at least .500, the second longest current streak in the NBA at the time. The 2004\u201305 team surprised many when it won the organization's sixth division title under the leadership of Ray Allen and Rashard Lewis, winning 52 games and defeating the Sacramento Kings to advance to the 2005 Western Conference Semifinals. The Sonics would proceed to lose in 6 games to the established trio of Tony Parker, Tim Duncan, and Manu Gin\u00f3bili and the San Antonio Spurs, who subsequently defeated the Detroit Pistons in the 2005 NBA Finals. This appearance also marked the last time that this incarnation of the SuperSonics would make the playoffs. During the off-season in 2005, head coach Nate McMillan left the Sonics to accept a high-paying position to coach the Portland Trail Blazers. After his departure, the team regressed the following season with a 35\u201347 record. On May 22, 2007, the SuperSonics were awarded the 2nd pick in the 2007 NBA draft, equaling the highest draft position the team has ever held. They selected Kevin Durant from the University of Texas. On June 28, 2007, the SuperSonics traded Ray Allen and the 35th pick of the 2nd round (Glen Davis) in the 2007 NBA draft to the Boston Celtics for rights to the 5th pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak, and Delonte West. On July 11, 2007, the SuperSonics and the Orlando Magic agreed to a sign and trade for Rashard Lewis. The SuperSonics received a future second-round draft pick and a $9.5 million trade exception from the Magic."], "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#2", "question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "rewrite": "What accomplishments did Ray Allen achieve with the SuperSonics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During this period, the Bucks drafted Glenn Robinson with the first overall pick in the 1994 NBA Draft and in 1996 acquired rookie Ray Allen in a draft day trade with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Both players would have prominent roles in the Bucks resurgence during the late 1990s. After the franchise's 25th anniversary in 1993, the Bucks overhauled their logo and uniforms. The colors were green, purple, and silver. The old logo, which featured a cartoonish deer, was replaced in favor of a more realistic one. The primary color scheme was altered as well, when red was supplanted by purple. Purple road uniforms replaced the former green away uniforms. In 1997, the Bucks sent all-star forward Vin Baker in a three-team trade to the Seattle SuperSonics, and they would acquire Cleveland Cavaliers guard Terrell Brandon and forward Tyrone Hill. They also traded their 10th overall pick Danny Fortson, guard Johnny Newman, and center Joe Wolf to the Denver Nuggets for center Ervin Johnson. The 1997\u201398 Bucks finished their season with a 36\u201346 record, yet failing to make the playoffs for the seventh consecutive time. After a decade of dwelling near the bottom of the NBA's standings, the Bucks looked to add credibility to their basketball operations. In 1998, the team hired veteran coach George Karl, who had reached the NBA Finals with the Seattle SuperSonics. Under the leadership of Karl and general manager Ernie Grunfeld, and with the steady addition of talent such as Tim Thomas and Sam Cassell, the Bucks developed into an elite team in the Eastern Conference. The nucleus of the \"big three\"\u2014consisting of Ray Allen, Cassell, and Robinson\u2014along with Karl, created a successful renaissance era in Milwaukee. The team reached its zenith in 2000\u20132001, winning 52 games and the Central Division title.", "The 2002\u201303 season saw All-Star Gary Payton traded to the Milwaukee Bucks, and it also marked the end to the SuperSonics 11-year streak of having a season with a winning percentage of at least .500, the second longest current streak in the NBA at the time. The 2004\u201305 team surprised many when it won the organization's sixth division title under the leadership of Ray Allen and Rashard Lewis, winning 52 games and defeating the Sacramento Kings to advance to the 2005 Western Conference Semifinals. The Sonics would proceed to lose in 6 games to the established trio of Tony Parker, Tim Duncan, and Manu Gin\u00f3bili and the San Antonio Spurs, who subsequently defeated the Detroit Pistons in the 2005 NBA Finals. This appearance also marked the last time that this incarnation of the SuperSonics would make the playoffs. During the off-season in 2005, head coach Nate McMillan left the Sonics to accept a high-paying position to coach the Portland Trail Blazers. After his departure, the team regressed the following season with a 35\u201347 record. On May 22, 2007, the SuperSonics were awarded the 2nd pick in the 2007 NBA draft, equaling the highest draft position the team has ever held. They selected Kevin Durant from the University of Texas. On June 28, 2007, the SuperSonics traded Ray Allen and the 35th pick of the 2nd round (Glen Davis) in the 2007 NBA draft to the Boston Celtics for rights to the 5th pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak, and Delonte West. On July 11, 2007, the SuperSonics and the Orlando Magic agreed to a sign and trade for Rashard Lewis. The SuperSonics received a future second-round draft pick and a $9.5 million trade exception from the Magic.", "2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season The 2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season was the 41st and final season of the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the franchise's final season of play in Seattle before relocating to Oklahoma City to play as the Thunder. With head coach P. J. Carlesimo as replacement of Bob Hill, who was fired at the end of the previous season, the SuperSonics finished in 15th place in the Western Conference with a franchise worst 20\u201362 record. Seattle's first round draft pick and no. 2 overall Kevin Durant was chosen as the Rookie of the Year at the end of the season. As of 2019, the only remaining Sonics in the NBA are Jeff Green of the Utah Jazz and Kevin Durant of the Brooklyn Nets, after Nick Collison retired in 2018. Collison was also the last remaining player on the Thunder roster who previously played for the Sonics team, with Russell Westbrook being drafted under the SuperSonics name in 2008 before moving to Oklahoma City. Until 2019, Mark Bryant was also the last Sonics coach to remain with the franchise on the Thunder roster. Following Bob Hill and Rick Sund's departures as head coach and general manager respectively, President of Basketball Operations Lenny Wilkens was charged with the responsibility of finding replacements. For the general manager position, Wilkens hired Sam Presti and months later P. J. Carlesimo was appointed as head coach of the Sonics. Wilkens quit a day later. Presti's first order of business involved a trade with the Boston Celtics on draft day that sent Ray Allen and the SuperSonics' second round pick Glen Davis to Boston in exchange for the Celtics' first round pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak and Delonte West.", "Ray Allen Billington Ray Allen Billington (September 28, 1903 in Bay City, Michigan - March 7, 1981 in San Marino, California) was an American historian focusing his work on the history of the American frontier and the American West, becoming one of the leading defenders of Frederick Jackson Turner's \"Frontier Thesis\" from the 1950s to the 1970s, expanding the field of the history of the American West. He was a co-founder of the Western History Association in 1961. Billington studied at the University of Michigan, but was expelled. He held two Ph.D. degrees, one from the University of Wisconsin (1926), and one from Harvard University (1933). He taught at Clark University, Smith College, Northwestern University, and served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting Professor of American History at Oxford University (1953\u201354). He retired from his teaching career in 1964 and became the Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library. He married Mabel R. Crotty; they had two children, Ann and Allan. To honor their former president and longtime member, the Organization of American Historians created the Ray Allen Billington Prize for the best book in American frontier history, \"which is defined broadly to include the pioneer periods of all geographical areas, and comparisons between American frontiers and others. \" The prize has been awarded biennially since 1981, except for in 1997. In the 1970s, Billington served as a trustee of Occidental College in Los Angeles, CA and developed an affection for the school. With funding from his estate, the college's Department of History now hosts the Ray Allen Billington Visiting Professor in U.S. History, given to honor \"the tradition of fine teacher/scholars at American liberal arts colleges. \" The first award was given for the 1999-2000 academic year.", "Rashard Lewis Rashard Quovon Lewis (born August 8, 1979) is an American former professional basketball player. Lewis entered the NBA directly from Alief Elsik High School. He rose to prominence in the NBA as a scorer with the Seattle SuperSonics, and was later a member of the Orlando Magic, Washington Wizards and Miami Heat. He garnered two NBA All-Star selections, one with Seattle and another with Orlando. Lewis reached the NBA Finals three times, winning an NBA championship in 2013 as a member of the Heat. Despite being recruited by Florida State, Kansas and Houston, Lewis bypassed college and opted for the 1998 NBA draft, wherein he was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 32nd overall pick. At the time of his selection, he was the last player remaining in the \"green room\", where fifteen of the top draft prospects sit until their selection. He and teammate Ray Allen made Seattle a contender during the early 2000s. In 2001, Lewis was selected to play for the United States in the Goodwill Games, in which they won the gold medal. On October 31, 2003, Lewis scored a career-high 50 points to lead the SuperSonics to a 124\u2013105 win over the Los Angeles Clippers to close out a two-game series in Saitama, Japan. Lewis was named an All-Star in 2004\u201305. Lewis holds the SuperSonics' record for most three-pointers made, having passed Dale Ellis for second place on November 22, 2005, and Gary Payton for first place on March 13, 2007, when Lewis made his 918th three-pointer in a game against the Detroit Pistons. After playing his first nine seasons for the Seattle SuperSonics, Lewis joined the Orlando Magic in July 2007, as he agreed to a six-year sign-and-trade deal worth $118 million."], "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#3", "question": "Were there any controversies during his time with Seattle?", "rewrite": "Were there any controversies during Ray Allen's time with the SuperSonics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season The 2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season was the 41st and final season of the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the franchise's final season of play in Seattle before relocating to Oklahoma City to play as the Thunder. With head coach P. J. Carlesimo as replacement of Bob Hill, who was fired at the end of the previous season, the SuperSonics finished in 15th place in the Western Conference with a franchise worst 20\u201362 record. Seattle's first round draft pick and no. 2 overall Kevin Durant was chosen as the Rookie of the Year at the end of the season. As of 2019, the only remaining Sonics in the NBA are Jeff Green of the Utah Jazz and Kevin Durant of the Brooklyn Nets, after Nick Collison retired in 2018. Collison was also the last remaining player on the Thunder roster who previously played for the Sonics team, with Russell Westbrook being drafted under the SuperSonics name in 2008 before moving to Oklahoma City. Until 2019, Mark Bryant was also the last Sonics coach to remain with the franchise on the Thunder roster. Following Bob Hill and Rick Sund's departures as head coach and general manager respectively, President of Basketball Operations Lenny Wilkens was charged with the responsibility of finding replacements. For the general manager position, Wilkens hired Sam Presti and months later P. J. Carlesimo was appointed as head coach of the Sonics. Wilkens quit a day later. Presti's first order of business involved a trade with the Boston Celtics on draft day that sent Ray Allen and the SuperSonics' second round pick Glen Davis to Boston in exchange for the Celtics' first round pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak and Delonte West.", "Brown continued as a starter for the Sonics through the 1976-77 season and the start of the 1977-78 season. However, when Lenny Wilkens took over as coach after a slow start, he decided to pair new free-agent signing Gus Williams and second-year guard Dennis Johnson in the Sonics' starting backcourt and bring Brown off the bench. He dubbed Brown \"Instant Offense\". The Sonics made the NBA Finals that season and the next, winning the NBA championship in 1978-79. Brown was captain of the SuperSonics' 1978\u201379 NBA championship team. Often among the league leaders in free-throw percentage, Brown also led the NBA in three-point shooting percentage in 1979\u201380\u2014the first season in which the three-point line was adopted by the league. When he retired in 1984 Brown was the SuperSonics' all-time leader in: Brown still holds the team's all-time marks for points in a regular season game with 58 (a record shared with Russell Westbrook), points in a playoff game with 45 (a record shared with Ray Allen), and steals in a game with 10 (a record shared with Gus Williams). Brown's #32 SuperSonics jersey was retired November 6, 1986 in honor of his career with the SuperSonics. Brown continues to reside in the Seattle area and is one of the former players lobbying to bring NBA basketball back to Seattle after the SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City in 2008.", "Ray Allen Billington Ray Allen Billington (September 28, 1903 in Bay City, Michigan - March 7, 1981 in San Marino, California) was an American historian focusing his work on the history of the American frontier and the American West, becoming one of the leading defenders of Frederick Jackson Turner's \"Frontier Thesis\" from the 1950s to the 1970s, expanding the field of the history of the American West. He was a co-founder of the Western History Association in 1961. Billington studied at the University of Michigan, but was expelled. He held two Ph.D. degrees, one from the University of Wisconsin (1926), and one from Harvard University (1933). He taught at Clark University, Smith College, Northwestern University, and served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting Professor of American History at Oxford University (1953\u201354). He retired from his teaching career in 1964 and became the Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library. He married Mabel R. Crotty; they had two children, Ann and Allan. To honor their former president and longtime member, the Organization of American Historians created the Ray Allen Billington Prize for the best book in American frontier history, \"which is defined broadly to include the pioneer periods of all geographical areas, and comparisons between American frontiers and others. \" The prize has been awarded biennially since 1981, except for in 1997. In the 1970s, Billington served as a trustee of Occidental College in Los Angeles, CA and developed an affection for the school. With funding from his estate, the college's Department of History now hosts the Ray Allen Billington Visiting Professor in U.S. History, given to honor \"the tradition of fine teacher/scholars at American liberal arts colleges. \" The first award was given for the 1999-2000 academic year.", "The 2002\u201303 season saw All-Star Gary Payton traded to the Milwaukee Bucks, and it also marked the end to the SuperSonics 11-year streak of having a season with a winning percentage of at least .500, the second longest current streak in the NBA at the time. The 2004\u201305 team surprised many when it won the organization's sixth division title under the leadership of Ray Allen and Rashard Lewis, winning 52 games and defeating the Sacramento Kings to advance to the 2005 Western Conference Semifinals. The Sonics would proceed to lose in 6 games to the established trio of Tony Parker, Tim Duncan, and Manu Gin\u00f3bili and the San Antonio Spurs, who subsequently defeated the Detroit Pistons in the 2005 NBA Finals. This appearance also marked the last time that this incarnation of the SuperSonics would make the playoffs. During the off-season in 2005, head coach Nate McMillan left the Sonics to accept a high-paying position to coach the Portland Trail Blazers. After his departure, the team regressed the following season with a 35\u201347 record. On May 22, 2007, the SuperSonics were awarded the 2nd pick in the 2007 NBA draft, equaling the highest draft position the team has ever held. They selected Kevin Durant from the University of Texas. On June 28, 2007, the SuperSonics traded Ray Allen and the 35th pick of the 2nd round (Glen Davis) in the 2007 NBA draft to the Boston Celtics for rights to the 5th pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak, and Delonte West. On July 11, 2007, the SuperSonics and the Orlando Magic agreed to a sign and trade for Rashard Lewis. The SuperSonics received a future second-round draft pick and a $9.5 million trade exception from the Magic.", "During this period, the Bucks drafted Glenn Robinson with the first overall pick in the 1994 NBA Draft and in 1996 acquired rookie Ray Allen in a draft day trade with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Both players would have prominent roles in the Bucks resurgence during the late 1990s. After the franchise's 25th anniversary in 1993, the Bucks overhauled their logo and uniforms. The colors were green, purple, and silver. The old logo, which featured a cartoonish deer, was replaced in favor of a more realistic one. The primary color scheme was altered as well, when red was supplanted by purple. Purple road uniforms replaced the former green away uniforms. In 1997, the Bucks sent all-star forward Vin Baker in a three-team trade to the Seattle SuperSonics, and they would acquire Cleveland Cavaliers guard Terrell Brandon and forward Tyrone Hill. They also traded their 10th overall pick Danny Fortson, guard Johnny Newman, and center Joe Wolf to the Denver Nuggets for center Ervin Johnson. The 1997\u201398 Bucks finished their season with a 36\u201346 record, yet failing to make the playoffs for the seventh consecutive time. After a decade of dwelling near the bottom of the NBA's standings, the Bucks looked to add credibility to their basketball operations. In 1998, the team hired veteran coach George Karl, who had reached the NBA Finals with the Seattle SuperSonics. Under the leadership of Karl and general manager Ernie Grunfeld, and with the steady addition of talent such as Tim Thomas and Sam Cassell, the Bucks developed into an elite team in the Eastern Conference. The nucleus of the \"big three\"\u2014consisting of Ray Allen, Cassell, and Robinson\u2014along with Karl, created a successful renaissance era in Milwaukee. The team reached its zenith in 2000\u20132001, winning 52 games and the Central Division title."], "answer": {"text": "Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,", "answer_start": 447}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#4", "question": "What were his problems with Kobe Bryant?", "rewrite": "What were Ray Allen's problems with Kobe Bryant?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Entering the game, they set a record of most playoff games played in one season, with 26, breaking the previous record of 25 set by both the 1994 New York Knicks, whom Celtics Coach Doc Rivers played for, and the 2005 Detroit Pistons, both of whom lost in their respective finals in seven games (Knicks in , Pistons in ). However, for the 1994 Knicks, the first round was a best-of-five. They also set an NBA record for most playoff games ever needed to win a championship, with 26, surpassing the previous record of 24 by the Lakers in 1988. This was the third straight year in which the L.A. Lakers advanced to the NBA Finals. Much of both rosters had been kept intact since the teams last meeting in 2008 and the Celtics' veterans Paul Pierce, Kevin Garnett, Ray Allen, and Rasheed Wallace looked to add to their championship r\u00e9sum\u00e9s, while Kobe Bryant and the Lakers looked to even the score against the Celtics. The Lakers were the defending champions, having beaten the Orlando Magic 4\u20131 in the 2009 NBA Finals. This was the first NBA Finals to go the full seven games since , and only the fourth since the NBA switched the Finals to a 2\u20133\u20132 format in . The Lakers won Game 1 102\u201389, led by Kobe Bryant's 30-point performance. However, Ray Allen would respond in Game 2 by scoring 32-points and sinking a record eight 3-pointers, leading the Celtics to a 103\u201394 victory. Game 3 returned to Boston, where the Lakers took a 2\u20131 series lead by winning 91\u201384, again led by Bryant but with strong support from Derek Fisher. Game 4 would prove to be a close and hard-fought game, with the Lakers up by two at the end of the third quarter.", "NBA Courtside 2: Featuring Kobe Bryant NBA Courtside 2: Featuring Kobe Bryant is a basketball video game developed by Left Field Productions and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. The game was released in North America exclusively on October 31, 1999. It is the sequel to \"Kobe Bryant in NBA Courtside\" and features NBA star Kobe Bryant on its cover. Bryant also performed the motion capture for the game. A Game Boy Color version of the game was released at the same time, entitled \"NBA 3 on 3 featuring Kobe Bryant\". The third and final edition in the \"Courtside\" series, \"NBA Courtside 2002\" was released for the GameCube in 2002. This game features rosters from the 1999\u20132000 NBA Season. The ability to play multiple seasons has been added. New features include the ability to play a three-point contest and additional options for creating a player from scratch. The game features improved artificial intelligence helps to improve the realism of the gameplay. New dunk styles are possible to implement and enhanced motion capturing allows the no-look pass to be used during gameplay. There are more than 300 players and games can either be a realistic simulation of actual NBA action or a full-blown arcade experience. Plays such as the isolation play, the post up, and the triangle offense can be called.", "Kobe Doin' Work Kobe Doin' Work is a 2009 documentary film directed by Spike Lee. It focuses on Kobe Bryant during one day of the 2007\u201308 Los Angeles Lakers season. Bryant granted filmmaker Spike Lee and 30 cameras unprecedented access to his life for one day. \"Kobe: Doin' Work\" premiered on ESPN on May 16, 2009. \"Kobe Doin\u2019 Work\" is an 84-minute exploration of Kobe Bryant's work ethic, his in game mentality, and his bluntness that makes Bryant a great competitor. It focuses on Kobe Bryant during one day of the 2007\u201308 Los Angeles Lakers season. Bryant granted filmmaker Spike Lee and 30 cameras unprecedented access to his life for one day. \"Kobe: Doin' Work\" premiered on ESPN on May 16, 2009.The documentary follows Kobe Bryant during the 2007\u201308 NBA season throughout the April 13, 2008 game against the San Antonio Spurs. The game in which Bryant was documented and given a microphone to capture live in game moments was a heated game with the rival Spurs. Bryant shot 6 of 14 from the field, scored 20 points, and played 32 minutes. The game was a crucial game in the end of the regular season, as the Los Angeles Lakers hoped to keep first place in the Western Conference with a record of 55-25. Spike Lee was interviewed asking why he chose Kobe Bryant to direct this documentary, in which Lee replied, \"I'm a big basketball fan. It was obvious. He was having an MVP-type year, in which he did win the MVP. Also the Lakers looked like they were going to take it to the Finals. And I wanted them to beat the Celtics. I hate the Celtics. But the Celtics won. But I don't think I was taking a gamble by choosing Kobe.\" (Lee, NBA.com)3.", "In 2014, the Spurs and Heat met in the NBA Finals again, with the dominant Spurs beating the Heat in 5 games. As a result of the 2014 victory, Tim Duncan now has as many championships as Kobe Bryant. On Saturday, the 5th of February, Kobe Bryant and the Los Angeles Lakers went to San Antonio, Texas to play the San Antonio Spurs for Kobe's final game there. The Spurs honored Kobe Bryant with a 2\u00bd minute video while the spotlight shone on Kobe, seated on the Lakers bench. The video showed highlight plays of Kobe, and interviews with Coach Greg Popovich, Tim Duncan, Tony Parker and Manu Ginobili. 3 of spurs players who have faced Kobe during his entire career. The Spurs won the game with 106-102 and Kobe finished the game with 25 points and converted just 9 of his 28 shots. The rivalry is once again being intensified with the arrival of LeBron James and Anthony Davis to the Lakers and DeMar DeRozan to the Spurs, a former raptors player that being sweep by the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2017-18 season playoffs. Fans of the Lakers have been known to denounce the Spurs for \"dirty\", \"overaggressive play\", and vice versa with Spurs fans who claim Kobe Bryant is \"overrated\". Notable instances have been observed of fans chanting \"Spurs Suck!\" from the Lakers' fans, and \"Beat LA\" from the Spurs' fans. The results in parenthesis concern playoff games. The following players have played for both the Lakers and the Spurs in their careers:", "Kobe Bryant China Fund Kobe Bryant made his way over to China for the 2008 Olympics, held in Beijing, and launched the China Fund in 2009. The Kobe Bryant China Fund was set up to \"raise money for education, sports, and culture programs for children from China and the United States\". \" In the US, Bryant's existing fund, the Kobe Bryant Family Foundation, set up in 2006, will also work to strengthen ties between the two countries by teaching middle school students about Chinese language and culture\". As of 2009, the fund has \"raised a total of 42 million yuan, which is equivalent to 6.15 million dollars, from various enterprises. \" The first donation was to the children of the quake-hit Sichuan Province, and was worth five million yuan or 732,000 dollars. At the charity event, for the China Fund, Bryant was presented with the Soong Ching-Ling Charity Award. Bryant said at the reception, \"I am very excited to help kids be better (and), to have a better future.\" Kobe helped initiate the foundation, and the chairman of the China Soong Ching-Ling Foundation (CSCLF), Hu Qili, presented him with his award. The CSCLF, \"is a charity backed by the Chinese government which offers educational, healthcare, and sports programs to young people\". Many people like and admire Kobe Bryant but most NBA players do not \"receive the same wild reception\" as he does when he goes to China. Bryant has been on billboards, reality shows, commercials, and websites both in the United States and China. \"Three factors driving Bryant's popularity in China are his on-court talent, his philanthropic actions, and his appreciation of the country's culture\"."], "answer": {"text": "Allen accused of alienating teammates trying to prove that he did not need Shaquille O'Neal to win games and championships.", "answer_start": 526}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,", "answer_start": 447, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#5", "question": "What did Kobe Bryant do during this war of words?", "rewrite": "What did Kobe Bryant do during Ray Allen's war of words?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kobe Doin' Work Kobe Doin' Work is a 2009 documentary film directed by Spike Lee. It focuses on Kobe Bryant during one day of the 2007\u201308 Los Angeles Lakers season. Bryant granted filmmaker Spike Lee and 30 cameras unprecedented access to his life for one day. \"Kobe: Doin' Work\" premiered on ESPN on May 16, 2009. \"Kobe Doin\u2019 Work\" is an 84-minute exploration of Kobe Bryant's work ethic, his in game mentality, and his bluntness that makes Bryant a great competitor. It focuses on Kobe Bryant during one day of the 2007\u201308 Los Angeles Lakers season. Bryant granted filmmaker Spike Lee and 30 cameras unprecedented access to his life for one day. \"Kobe: Doin' Work\" premiered on ESPN on May 16, 2009.The documentary follows Kobe Bryant during the 2007\u201308 NBA season throughout the April 13, 2008 game against the San Antonio Spurs. The game in which Bryant was documented and given a microphone to capture live in game moments was a heated game with the rival Spurs. Bryant shot 6 of 14 from the field, scored 20 points, and played 32 minutes. The game was a crucial game in the end of the regular season, as the Los Angeles Lakers hoped to keep first place in the Western Conference with a record of 55-25. Spike Lee was interviewed asking why he chose Kobe Bryant to direct this documentary, in which Lee replied, \"I'm a big basketball fan. It was obvious. He was having an MVP-type year, in which he did win the MVP. Also the Lakers looked like they were going to take it to the Finals. And I wanted them to beat the Celtics. I hate the Celtics. But the Celtics won. But I don't think I was taking a gamble by choosing Kobe.\" (Lee, NBA.com)3.", "Kobe Bryant China Fund Kobe Bryant made his way over to China for the 2008 Olympics, held in Beijing, and launched the China Fund in 2009. The Kobe Bryant China Fund was set up to \"raise money for education, sports, and culture programs for children from China and the United States\". \" In the US, Bryant's existing fund, the Kobe Bryant Family Foundation, set up in 2006, will also work to strengthen ties between the two countries by teaching middle school students about Chinese language and culture\". As of 2009, the fund has \"raised a total of 42 million yuan, which is equivalent to 6.15 million dollars, from various enterprises. \" The first donation was to the children of the quake-hit Sichuan Province, and was worth five million yuan or 732,000 dollars. At the charity event, for the China Fund, Bryant was presented with the Soong Ching-Ling Charity Award. Bryant said at the reception, \"I am very excited to help kids be better (and), to have a better future.\" Kobe helped initiate the foundation, and the chairman of the China Soong Ching-Ling Foundation (CSCLF), Hu Qili, presented him with his award. The CSCLF, \"is a charity backed by the Chinese government which offers educational, healthcare, and sports programs to young people\". Many people like and admire Kobe Bryant but most NBA players do not \"receive the same wild reception\" as he does when he goes to China. Bryant has been on billboards, reality shows, commercials, and websites both in the United States and China. \"Three factors driving Bryant's popularity in China are his on-court talent, his philanthropic actions, and his appreciation of the country's culture\".", "In 2014, the Spurs and Heat met in the NBA Finals again, with the dominant Spurs beating the Heat in 5 games. As a result of the 2014 victory, Tim Duncan now has as many championships as Kobe Bryant. On Saturday, the 5th of February, Kobe Bryant and the Los Angeles Lakers went to San Antonio, Texas to play the San Antonio Spurs for Kobe's final game there. The Spurs honored Kobe Bryant with a 2\u00bd minute video while the spotlight shone on Kobe, seated on the Lakers bench. The video showed highlight plays of Kobe, and interviews with Coach Greg Popovich, Tim Duncan, Tony Parker and Manu Ginobili. 3 of spurs players who have faced Kobe during his entire career. The Spurs won the game with 106-102 and Kobe finished the game with 25 points and converted just 9 of his 28 shots. The rivalry is once again being intensified with the arrival of LeBron James and Anthony Davis to the Lakers and DeMar DeRozan to the Spurs, a former raptors player that being sweep by the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2017-18 season playoffs. Fans of the Lakers have been known to denounce the Spurs for \"dirty\", \"overaggressive play\", and vice versa with Spurs fans who claim Kobe Bryant is \"overrated\". Notable instances have been observed of fans chanting \"Spurs Suck!\" from the Lakers' fans, and \"Beat LA\" from the Spurs' fans. The results in parenthesis concern playoff games. The following players have played for both the Lakers and the Spurs in their careers:", "NBA Courtside 2: Featuring Kobe Bryant NBA Courtside 2: Featuring Kobe Bryant is a basketball video game developed by Left Field Productions and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64. The game was released in North America exclusively on October 31, 1999. It is the sequel to \"Kobe Bryant in NBA Courtside\" and features NBA star Kobe Bryant on its cover. Bryant also performed the motion capture for the game. A Game Boy Color version of the game was released at the same time, entitled \"NBA 3 on 3 featuring Kobe Bryant\". The third and final edition in the \"Courtside\" series, \"NBA Courtside 2002\" was released for the GameCube in 2002. This game features rosters from the 1999\u20132000 NBA Season. The ability to play multiple seasons has been added. New features include the ability to play a three-point contest and additional options for creating a player from scratch. The game features improved artificial intelligence helps to improve the realism of the gameplay. New dunk styles are possible to implement and enhanced motion capturing allows the no-look pass to be used during gameplay. There are more than 300 players and games can either be a realistic simulation of actual NBA action or a full-blown arcade experience. Plays such as the isolation play, the post up, and the triangle offense can be called.", "Entering the game, they set a record of most playoff games played in one season, with 26, breaking the previous record of 25 set by both the 1994 New York Knicks, whom Celtics Coach Doc Rivers played for, and the 2005 Detroit Pistons, both of whom lost in their respective finals in seven games (Knicks in , Pistons in ). However, for the 1994 Knicks, the first round was a best-of-five. They also set an NBA record for most playoff games ever needed to win a championship, with 26, surpassing the previous record of 24 by the Lakers in 1988. This was the third straight year in which the L.A. Lakers advanced to the NBA Finals. Much of both rosters had been kept intact since the teams last meeting in 2008 and the Celtics' veterans Paul Pierce, Kevin Garnett, Ray Allen, and Rasheed Wallace looked to add to their championship r\u00e9sum\u00e9s, while Kobe Bryant and the Lakers looked to even the score against the Celtics. The Lakers were the defending champions, having beaten the Orlando Magic 4\u20131 in the 2009 NBA Finals. This was the first NBA Finals to go the full seven games since , and only the fourth since the NBA switched the Finals to a 2\u20133\u20132 format in . The Lakers won Game 1 102\u201389, led by Kobe Bryant's 30-point performance. However, Ray Allen would respond in Game 2 by scoring 32-points and sinking a record eight 3-pointers, leading the Celtics to a 103\u201394 victory. Game 3 returned to Boston, where the Lakers took a 2\u20131 series lead by winning 91\u201384, again led by Bryant but with strong support from Derek Fisher. Game 4 would prove to be a close and hard-fought game, with the Lakers up by two at the end of the third quarter."], "answer": {"text": "When asked about Allen's comments, Bryant responded, \"Don't even put me and that dude in the same breath.\"", "answer_start": 839}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,", "answer_start": 447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his problems with Kobe Bryant?", "answer": {"text": "Allen accused of alienating teammates trying to prove that he did not need Shaquille O'Neal to win games and championships.", "answer_start": 526, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#6", "question": "How much money did he make with the SuperSonics?", "rewrite": "How much money did Ray Allen make with the SuperSonics?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rashard Lewis Rashard Quovon Lewis (born August 8, 1979) is an American former professional basketball player. Lewis entered the NBA directly from Alief Elsik High School. He rose to prominence in the NBA as a scorer with the Seattle SuperSonics, and was later a member of the Orlando Magic, Washington Wizards and Miami Heat. He garnered two NBA All-Star selections, one with Seattle and another with Orlando. Lewis reached the NBA Finals three times, winning an NBA championship in 2013 as a member of the Heat. Despite being recruited by Florida State, Kansas and Houston, Lewis bypassed college and opted for the 1998 NBA draft, wherein he was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 32nd overall pick. At the time of his selection, he was the last player remaining in the \"green room\", where fifteen of the top draft prospects sit until their selection. He and teammate Ray Allen made Seattle a contender during the early 2000s. In 2001, Lewis was selected to play for the United States in the Goodwill Games, in which they won the gold medal. On October 31, 2003, Lewis scored a career-high 50 points to lead the SuperSonics to a 124\u2013105 win over the Los Angeles Clippers to close out a two-game series in Saitama, Japan. Lewis was named an All-Star in 2004\u201305. Lewis holds the SuperSonics' record for most three-pointers made, having passed Dale Ellis for second place on November 22, 2005, and Gary Payton for first place on March 13, 2007, when Lewis made his 918th three-pointer in a game against the Detroit Pistons. After playing his first nine seasons for the Seattle SuperSonics, Lewis joined the Orlando Magic in July 2007, as he agreed to a six-year sign-and-trade deal worth $118 million.", "During this period, the Bucks drafted Glenn Robinson with the first overall pick in the 1994 NBA Draft and in 1996 acquired rookie Ray Allen in a draft day trade with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Both players would have prominent roles in the Bucks resurgence during the late 1990s. After the franchise's 25th anniversary in 1993, the Bucks overhauled their logo and uniforms. The colors were green, purple, and silver. The old logo, which featured a cartoonish deer, was replaced in favor of a more realistic one. The primary color scheme was altered as well, when red was supplanted by purple. Purple road uniforms replaced the former green away uniforms. In 1997, the Bucks sent all-star forward Vin Baker in a three-team trade to the Seattle SuperSonics, and they would acquire Cleveland Cavaliers guard Terrell Brandon and forward Tyrone Hill. They also traded their 10th overall pick Danny Fortson, guard Johnny Newman, and center Joe Wolf to the Denver Nuggets for center Ervin Johnson. The 1997\u201398 Bucks finished their season with a 36\u201346 record, yet failing to make the playoffs for the seventh consecutive time. After a decade of dwelling near the bottom of the NBA's standings, the Bucks looked to add credibility to their basketball operations. In 1998, the team hired veteran coach George Karl, who had reached the NBA Finals with the Seattle SuperSonics. Under the leadership of Karl and general manager Ernie Grunfeld, and with the steady addition of talent such as Tim Thomas and Sam Cassell, the Bucks developed into an elite team in the Eastern Conference. The nucleus of the \"big three\"\u2014consisting of Ray Allen, Cassell, and Robinson\u2014along with Karl, created a successful renaissance era in Milwaukee. The team reached its zenith in 2000\u20132001, winning 52 games and the Central Division title.", "The 2002\u201303 season saw All-Star Gary Payton traded to the Milwaukee Bucks, and it also marked the end to the SuperSonics 11-year streak of having a season with a winning percentage of at least .500, the second longest current streak in the NBA at the time. The 2004\u201305 team surprised many when it won the organization's sixth division title under the leadership of Ray Allen and Rashard Lewis, winning 52 games and defeating the Sacramento Kings to advance to the 2005 Western Conference Semifinals. The Sonics would proceed to lose in 6 games to the established trio of Tony Parker, Tim Duncan, and Manu Gin\u00f3bili and the San Antonio Spurs, who subsequently defeated the Detroit Pistons in the 2005 NBA Finals. This appearance also marked the last time that this incarnation of the SuperSonics would make the playoffs. During the off-season in 2005, head coach Nate McMillan left the Sonics to accept a high-paying position to coach the Portland Trail Blazers. After his departure, the team regressed the following season with a 35\u201347 record. On May 22, 2007, the SuperSonics were awarded the 2nd pick in the 2007 NBA draft, equaling the highest draft position the team has ever held. They selected Kevin Durant from the University of Texas. On June 28, 2007, the SuperSonics traded Ray Allen and the 35th pick of the 2nd round (Glen Davis) in the 2007 NBA draft to the Boston Celtics for rights to the 5th pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak, and Delonte West. On July 11, 2007, the SuperSonics and the Orlando Magic agreed to a sign and trade for Rashard Lewis. The SuperSonics received a future second-round draft pick and a $9.5 million trade exception from the Magic.", "Ray Allen Billington Ray Allen Billington (September 28, 1903 in Bay City, Michigan - March 7, 1981 in San Marino, California) was an American historian focusing his work on the history of the American frontier and the American West, becoming one of the leading defenders of Frederick Jackson Turner's \"Frontier Thesis\" from the 1950s to the 1970s, expanding the field of the history of the American West. He was a co-founder of the Western History Association in 1961. Billington studied at the University of Michigan, but was expelled. He held two Ph.D. degrees, one from the University of Wisconsin (1926), and one from Harvard University (1933). He taught at Clark University, Smith College, Northwestern University, and served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting Professor of American History at Oxford University (1953\u201354). He retired from his teaching career in 1964 and became the Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library. He married Mabel R. Crotty; they had two children, Ann and Allan. To honor their former president and longtime member, the Organization of American Historians created the Ray Allen Billington Prize for the best book in American frontier history, \"which is defined broadly to include the pioneer periods of all geographical areas, and comparisons between American frontiers and others. \" The prize has been awarded biennially since 1981, except for in 1997. In the 1970s, Billington served as a trustee of Occidental College in Los Angeles, CA and developed an affection for the school. With funding from his estate, the college's Department of History now hosts the Ray Allen Billington Visiting Professor in U.S. History, given to honor \"the tradition of fine teacher/scholars at American liberal arts colleges. \" The first award was given for the 1999-2000 academic year.", "2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season The 2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season was the 41st and final season of the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the franchise's final season of play in Seattle before relocating to Oklahoma City to play as the Thunder. With head coach P. J. Carlesimo as replacement of Bob Hill, who was fired at the end of the previous season, the SuperSonics finished in 15th place in the Western Conference with a franchise worst 20\u201362 record. Seattle's first round draft pick and no. 2 overall Kevin Durant was chosen as the Rookie of the Year at the end of the season. As of 2019, the only remaining Sonics in the NBA are Jeff Green of the Utah Jazz and Kevin Durant of the Brooklyn Nets, after Nick Collison retired in 2018. Collison was also the last remaining player on the Thunder roster who previously played for the Sonics team, with Russell Westbrook being drafted under the SuperSonics name in 2008 before moving to Oklahoma City. Until 2019, Mark Bryant was also the last Sonics coach to remain with the franchise on the Thunder roster. Following Bob Hill and Rick Sund's departures as head coach and general manager respectively, President of Basketball Operations Lenny Wilkens was charged with the responsibility of finding replacements. For the general manager position, Wilkens hired Sam Presti and months later P. J. Carlesimo was appointed as head coach of the Sonics. Wilkens quit a day later. Presti's first order of business involved a trade with the Boston Celtics on draft day that sent Ray Allen and the SuperSonics' second round pick Glen Davis to Boston in exchange for the Celtics' first round pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak and Delonte West."], "answer": {"text": "After the 2004-05 season, Allen signed a 5-year, $80 million contract extension.", "answer_start": 946}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,", "answer_start": 447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his problems with Kobe Bryant?", "answer": {"text": "Allen accused of alienating teammates trying to prove that he did not need Shaquille O'Neal to win games and championships.", "answer_start": 526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Kobe Bryant do during this war of words?", "answer": {"text": "When asked about Allen's comments, Bryant responded, \"Don't even put me and that dude in the same breath.\"", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#7", "question": "Did he break any records during his time with Seattle?", "rewrite": "Did Ray Allen break any records during his time with the SuperSonics?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Brown continued as a starter for the Sonics through the 1976-77 season and the start of the 1977-78 season. However, when Lenny Wilkens took over as coach after a slow start, he decided to pair new free-agent signing Gus Williams and second-year guard Dennis Johnson in the Sonics' starting backcourt and bring Brown off the bench. He dubbed Brown \"Instant Offense\". The Sonics made the NBA Finals that season and the next, winning the NBA championship in 1978-79. Brown was captain of the SuperSonics' 1978\u201379 NBA championship team. Often among the league leaders in free-throw percentage, Brown also led the NBA in three-point shooting percentage in 1979\u201380\u2014the first season in which the three-point line was adopted by the league. When he retired in 1984 Brown was the SuperSonics' all-time leader in: Brown still holds the team's all-time marks for points in a regular season game with 58 (a record shared with Russell Westbrook), points in a playoff game with 45 (a record shared with Ray Allen), and steals in a game with 10 (a record shared with Gus Williams). Brown's #32 SuperSonics jersey was retired November 6, 1986 in honor of his career with the SuperSonics. Brown continues to reside in the Seattle area and is one of the former players lobbying to bring NBA basketball back to Seattle after the SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City in 2008.", "2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season The 2007\u201308 Seattle SuperSonics season was the 41st and final season of the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the franchise's final season of play in Seattle before relocating to Oklahoma City to play as the Thunder. With head coach P. J. Carlesimo as replacement of Bob Hill, who was fired at the end of the previous season, the SuperSonics finished in 15th place in the Western Conference with a franchise worst 20\u201362 record. Seattle's first round draft pick and no. 2 overall Kevin Durant was chosen as the Rookie of the Year at the end of the season. As of 2019, the only remaining Sonics in the NBA are Jeff Green of the Utah Jazz and Kevin Durant of the Brooklyn Nets, after Nick Collison retired in 2018. Collison was also the last remaining player on the Thunder roster who previously played for the Sonics team, with Russell Westbrook being drafted under the SuperSonics name in 2008 before moving to Oklahoma City. Until 2019, Mark Bryant was also the last Sonics coach to remain with the franchise on the Thunder roster. Following Bob Hill and Rick Sund's departures as head coach and general manager respectively, President of Basketball Operations Lenny Wilkens was charged with the responsibility of finding replacements. For the general manager position, Wilkens hired Sam Presti and months later P. J. Carlesimo was appointed as head coach of the Sonics. Wilkens quit a day later. Presti's first order of business involved a trade with the Boston Celtics on draft day that sent Ray Allen and the SuperSonics' second round pick Glen Davis to Boston in exchange for the Celtics' first round pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak and Delonte West.", "Ray Allen Billington Ray Allen Billington (September 28, 1903 in Bay City, Michigan - March 7, 1981 in San Marino, California) was an American historian focusing his work on the history of the American frontier and the American West, becoming one of the leading defenders of Frederick Jackson Turner's \"Frontier Thesis\" from the 1950s to the 1970s, expanding the field of the history of the American West. He was a co-founder of the Western History Association in 1961. Billington studied at the University of Michigan, but was expelled. He held two Ph.D. degrees, one from the University of Wisconsin (1926), and one from Harvard University (1933). He taught at Clark University, Smith College, Northwestern University, and served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting Professor of American History at Oxford University (1953\u201354). He retired from his teaching career in 1964 and became the Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library. He married Mabel R. Crotty; they had two children, Ann and Allan. To honor their former president and longtime member, the Organization of American Historians created the Ray Allen Billington Prize for the best book in American frontier history, \"which is defined broadly to include the pioneer periods of all geographical areas, and comparisons between American frontiers and others. \" The prize has been awarded biennially since 1981, except for in 1997. In the 1970s, Billington served as a trustee of Occidental College in Los Angeles, CA and developed an affection for the school. With funding from his estate, the college's Department of History now hosts the Ray Allen Billington Visiting Professor in U.S. History, given to honor \"the tradition of fine teacher/scholars at American liberal arts colleges. \" The first award was given for the 1999-2000 academic year.", "The 2002\u201303 season saw All-Star Gary Payton traded to the Milwaukee Bucks, and it also marked the end to the SuperSonics 11-year streak of having a season with a winning percentage of at least .500, the second longest current streak in the NBA at the time. The 2004\u201305 team surprised many when it won the organization's sixth division title under the leadership of Ray Allen and Rashard Lewis, winning 52 games and defeating the Sacramento Kings to advance to the 2005 Western Conference Semifinals. The Sonics would proceed to lose in 6 games to the established trio of Tony Parker, Tim Duncan, and Manu Gin\u00f3bili and the San Antonio Spurs, who subsequently defeated the Detroit Pistons in the 2005 NBA Finals. This appearance also marked the last time that this incarnation of the SuperSonics would make the playoffs. During the off-season in 2005, head coach Nate McMillan left the Sonics to accept a high-paying position to coach the Portland Trail Blazers. After his departure, the team regressed the following season with a 35\u201347 record. On May 22, 2007, the SuperSonics were awarded the 2nd pick in the 2007 NBA draft, equaling the highest draft position the team has ever held. They selected Kevin Durant from the University of Texas. On June 28, 2007, the SuperSonics traded Ray Allen and the 35th pick of the 2nd round (Glen Davis) in the 2007 NBA draft to the Boston Celtics for rights to the 5th pick Jeff Green, Wally Szczerbiak, and Delonte West. On July 11, 2007, the SuperSonics and the Orlando Magic agreed to a sign and trade for Rashard Lewis. The SuperSonics received a future second-round draft pick and a $9.5 million trade exception from the Magic.", "During this period, the Bucks drafted Glenn Robinson with the first overall pick in the 1994 NBA Draft and in 1996 acquired rookie Ray Allen in a draft day trade with the Minnesota Timberwolves. Both players would have prominent roles in the Bucks resurgence during the late 1990s. After the franchise's 25th anniversary in 1993, the Bucks overhauled their logo and uniforms. The colors were green, purple, and silver. The old logo, which featured a cartoonish deer, was replaced in favor of a more realistic one. The primary color scheme was altered as well, when red was supplanted by purple. Purple road uniforms replaced the former green away uniforms. In 1997, the Bucks sent all-star forward Vin Baker in a three-team trade to the Seattle SuperSonics, and they would acquire Cleveland Cavaliers guard Terrell Brandon and forward Tyrone Hill. They also traded their 10th overall pick Danny Fortson, guard Johnny Newman, and center Joe Wolf to the Denver Nuggets for center Ervin Johnson. The 1997\u201398 Bucks finished their season with a 36\u201346 record, yet failing to make the playoffs for the seventh consecutive time. After a decade of dwelling near the bottom of the NBA's standings, the Bucks looked to add credibility to their basketball operations. In 1998, the team hired veteran coach George Karl, who had reached the NBA Finals with the Seattle SuperSonics. Under the leadership of Karl and general manager Ernie Grunfeld, and with the steady addition of talent such as Tim Thomas and Sam Cassell, the Bucks developed into an elite team in the Eastern Conference. The nucleus of the \"big three\"\u2014consisting of Ray Allen, Cassell, and Robinson\u2014along with Karl, created a successful renaissance era in Milwaukee. The team reached its zenith in 2000\u20132001, winning 52 games and the Central Division title."], "answer": {"text": "Allen broke Dennis Scott's ten-year-old NBA record for 3-point field goals made in a season in a game against the Denver Nuggets.", "answer_start": 1483}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,", "answer_start": 447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his problems with Kobe Bryant?", "answer": {"text": "Allen accused of alienating teammates trying to prove that he did not need Shaquille O'Neal to win games and championships.", "answer_start": 526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Kobe Bryant do during this war of words?", "answer": {"text": "When asked about Allen's comments, Bryant responded, \"Don't even put me and that dude in the same breath.\"", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much money did he make with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "After the 2004-05 season, Allen signed a 5-year, $80 million contract extension.", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#8", "question": "Has anybody broken that record since Allen?", "rewrite": "Has anybody else broken Dennis Scott's ten-year-old NBA record for 3-point field goals made in a season besides Ray Allen?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jones then proceeded to have the best statistical season of his career, setting career highs in games started (66), minutes played (2,576), field goals made (331) and attempted (726), field goal percentage (45.6%), three-point field goals made (225) and attempted (521), three-point field goal percentage (43.2%), free throws made (68) and attempted (86), rebounds (231), steals (44), blocked shots (5) and points scored (955). His 225 three-point field goals made was third best in the NBA (and at the time, tied with Mitch Richmond for the ninth most ever in an NBA season) and his three-point field goal percentage was fifth best that season. Jones had a career-high 31 points on February 16, 2005 against the Los Angeles Clippers and scored in double figures on 48 occasions. He also had his only game with two blocked shots on March 10, 2005 against the Minnesota Timberwolves. Jones grabbed a career-high eight rebounds on November 6, 2004 against the Washington Wizards, a mark he tied on February 22, 2005 against the Chicago Bulls. In 15 playoff games, Jones averaged 12.1 points and 4.0 assists, and shot 42.9% from three-point range. He had a career playoff high of 30 points with seven three-point field goals made in Miami's first game of the first round against the New Jersey Nets. Jones scored in double digits during 10 of Miami's 15 playoff games. Jones departed the Miami Heat to sign a four-year contract worth a reported $16.1 million with the Cleveland Cavaliers on September 8, 2005.", "Points, 6-game series: 246, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals (41.0 ppg) Consecutive games scoring 40 or more points: 4, vs. Phoenix Suns, to   Consecutive games scoring 20 or more points: 35, to   Scoring 30 or more points in all games, any championship series: 6 games, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Points, half: 35, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Field goals made, 6-game series: 101, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Field goals made, half: 14, twice <br> 14, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, < br> 14, first half, vs. Phoenix Suns ,   Consecutive field goals made in a game without a miss: 13, vs. Los Angeles Lakers,   Field goals made, 5-game series: 63, vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1991 NBA Finals Field goal attempts, 6-game series: 199, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Three-point field goals made, career: 42  Three-point field goals made, game: 6, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Three-point field goals made, half: 6, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers, Three-point field goal attempts, game: 10, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Three-point field goal attempts, half: 10, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Free throws made, quarter: 9, second quarter, at Utah Jazz,   Free throw attempts, half: 15, second half, vs. Utah Jazz,   Free throw attempts, quarter: 12, fourth quarter, vs. Utah Jazz, Steals, 5-game series: 14, vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 1991 NBA Finals (2.8 spg)  Points, career: 262  Field goals made, career: 110 Field goals made, game: 17, 1988", "Dennis Scott (basketball)  Dennis Eugene Scott (born September 5, 1968) is an American retired professional basketball player. A small forward from Georgia Tech, and the 1990 ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year, Scott was selected by the Orlando Magic with the fourth pick of the 1990 NBA draft after being the leading scorer on a Yellow Jackets team that made the Final Four, and comprising one portion of Georgia Tech's \"Lethal Weapon 3\" attack featuring Scott, Kenny Anderson and Brian Oliver. Scott played for Coach Stu Vetter at Flint Hill in Oakton, Virginia. Flint Hill Prep finished ranked first in the nation Scott's senior year (1987) as ranked by \"USA Today\". In his junior year at Flint Hill Prep, his team finished ranked second in the nation by \"USA Today\" and first as ranked by Blue Ribbon yearbook. Given his size, strength, shooting ability, and quickness Scott played every position at one time or another during his high school career. Scott spent the majority of his career with the Magic, earning the nickname 3-D for his ability to consistently make long three-point field goal attempts. Until the drafting of Shaquille O'Neal in 1992, Scott and Nick Anderson were the leading scorers for the Magic. In 1995\u201396 Scott set an NBA single-season three-point field goal tally with 267 (which was broken ten years later by Ray Allen). He also set the NBA record for most three-pointers made in a single game, with 11 on April 18, 1996. On his record-breaking shot, the assist came from teammate and the holder of the record, Brian Shaw (he made 10 three-pointers on April 8, 1993).", "Allen remained with the Bucks midway through the 2002-03 season, when he was dealt to the Sonics, along with Ronald Murray, former UConn teammate Kevin Ollie, and a conditional first round draft pick, in exchange for Gary Payton and Desmond Mason. After an injury-riddled 2003-04 season, he was named to the All-NBA Second Team and, alongside teammate Rashard Lewis, led the Sonics to the Conference Semifinals in 2005. During the 2004 preseason, Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant, whom Allen accused of alienating teammates trying to prove that he did not need Shaquille O'Neal to win games and championships. Allen told the press that if the Lakers remained a mediocre squad, \"in about a year or two he will be calling out to (Lakers owner) Jerry Buss that we need some help in here, or trade me.\" When asked about Allen's comments, Bryant responded, \"Don't even put me and that dude in the same breath.\" After the 2004-05 season, Allen signed a 5-year, $80 million contract extension. In the 2006-07 regular season, he averaged a career-high 26.4 points per game while adding 4.5 rebounds and 4.1 assists per game. During his Seattle SuperSonics tenure, Allen achieved many individual accomplishments. On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points. On April 7, 2006, Allen moved into second place on the NBA's list of all-time 3-point field goals made, trailing only Reggie Miller. On April 19, 2006, Allen broke Dennis Scott's ten-year-old NBA record for 3-point field goals made in a season in a game against the Denver Nuggets.", "NBA record 5 playoff series averaging at least 40 points per game   Field goals made, 3-game series: 53, vs. Miami Heat, 1992 First Round  Field goals made, 5-game series: 86, vs. Philadelphia 76ers, 1990 Conference Semifinals Field goals made, 6-game series: 101, vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals Field goals made, game: 24, vs. Cleveland Cavaliers,   Consecutive field goals made in a game without a miss: 13, vs. Los Angeles Lakers,   Field goal attempts, career: 4,497  Field goal attempts, half: 25, first half, vs. Cleveland Cavaliers,   Three-point field goals made, half: 6, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Three-point field goal attempts, half: 9, first half, vs. Portland Trail Blazers,   Free throws made, career: 1,463  Free throws made, one postseason: 183 (1989)  Free throws made, game (regulation): 23, vs. New York Knicks,   Free throws made, half: 14, second half, vs. Detroit Pistons,   Free throws made, quarter: 13, fourth quarter, vs. Detroit Pistons,   Free throw attempts, career: 1,766  Free throw attempts, one postseason: 229 (1989) Free throw attempts, 4-game series: 58, vs. Milwaukee Bucks, 1985 First Round Free throw attempts, game (regulation): 28, vs. New York Knicks,   Free throw attempts, half: 17, second half, vs. New York Knicks,   Free throw attempts, quarter: 14, fourth quarter, vs. Detroit Pistons,   Steals, career: 376 Highest scoring average, points per game, any championship series: 41.0 (246/6), vs. Phoenix Suns, 1993 NBA Finals"], "answer": {"text": "The record has since been broken by Stephen Curry.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,", "answer_start": 447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his problems with Kobe Bryant?", "answer": {"text": "Allen accused of alienating teammates trying to prove that he did not need Shaquille O'Neal to win games and championships.", "answer_start": 526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Kobe Bryant do during this war of words?", "answer": {"text": "When asked about Allen's comments, Bryant responded, \"Don't even put me and that dude in the same breath.\"", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much money did he make with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "After the 2004-05 season, Allen signed a 5-year, $80 million contract extension.", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he break any records during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen broke Dennis Scott's ten-year-old NBA record for 3-point field goals made in a season in a game against the Denver Nuggets.", "answer_start": 1483, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ea8702159ac24710a31ce1bfd9a4987f_1_q#9", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to Ray Allen breaking records, is there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Royale Racing Royale Race Cars was a British constructor of race cars in the 20th century. The company produced single seaters as well as sports cars. Bob King had experience with the working on and selling of automobiles. When King acquired an Elva he had the intention to race the car himself. This evolved into preparing race cars for others. He founded Racing Preparations, specializing in Coventry Climax engines. After the demand for Climax engines decreased King and business partner Alan Cornock decided to focus on constructing race cars. In 1968 King founded Royale, named after the Park Royal area in London. The first car was the RP1, RP for Racing Preparations. The car was designed by Bob Marston, a future designer for Lola Cars. The RP2 was the first production Royale of which 30 were built. The RP2 had some success in the Brazilian Formula Ford championship. Ray Allen achieved a third place in the championship behind Emerson Fittipaldi and Ian Ashley both driving Lotuses. Royale introduced many new cars in 1970. Ray Allen dominated the newly found Formula F100 in a Royale RP4. Two Formula Atlantic RP8's were built. Chassis number 1 was driven by Ray Allen and Tony Lanfranchi in various Formula Libre races. At the end of the year the car was shipped of to America. The second chassis sold as a Formula 3 car to a German agent. In 1971 Royale had a lot of success in the Formula Super Vee. Syd Williams, fielded by D.J. Bond Racing, won the first race of the German championship. Manfred Schurti and Manfred Trint scored a one-two finish for Royale during the final round of the championship. In the American championship Royale had even more success. Billy Scott won the championship winning four races. Royales were also driven by Ray Heppenstall among others.", "Ray Allen Billington Ray Allen Billington (September 28, 1903 in Bay City, Michigan - March 7, 1981 in San Marino, California) was an American historian focusing his work on the history of the American frontier and the American West, becoming one of the leading defenders of Frederick Jackson Turner's \"Frontier Thesis\" from the 1950s to the 1970s, expanding the field of the history of the American West. He was a co-founder of the Western History Association in 1961. Billington studied at the University of Michigan, but was expelled. He held two Ph.D. degrees, one from the University of Wisconsin (1926), and one from Harvard University (1933). He taught at Clark University, Smith College, Northwestern University, and served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Visiting Professor of American History at Oxford University (1953\u201354). He retired from his teaching career in 1964 and became the Senior Research Associate at the Huntington Library. He married Mabel R. Crotty; they had two children, Ann and Allan. To honor their former president and longtime member, the Organization of American Historians created the Ray Allen Billington Prize for the best book in American frontier history, \"which is defined broadly to include the pioneer periods of all geographical areas, and comparisons between American frontiers and others. \" The prize has been awarded biennially since 1981, except for in 1997. In the 1970s, Billington served as a trustee of Occidental College in Los Angeles, CA and developed an affection for the school. With funding from his estate, the college's Department of History now hosts the Ray Allen Billington Visiting Professor in U.S. History, given to honor \"the tradition of fine teacher/scholars at American liberal arts colleges. \" The first award was given for the 1999-2000 academic year.", "Jump, Little Children recorded and released \"The Licorice Tea Demos\" in early 1995 and toured the Southeast with vigor. They continued to gain local notoriety and received regional radio airplay for the song \"Quiet.\" Regular touring continued throughout 1996 and 1997, including the first of what would become a yearly tradition: New Year's shows at the Dock Street Theatre in Charleston. \"Buzz\", a live EP, was released in early 1997, and the band was courted by various record labels. The group eventually chose Breaking Records (a subsidiary of Atlantic Records started by Hootie and the Blowfish) in 1998. Jump, Little Children's only album released under Breaking Records, \"Magazine\", was recorded during the summer of 1998 with producer Brad Jones. Magazine was released in the fall of 1998, and the single \"Cathedrals\" achieved radio play nationwide over the following year. Looking to build on the success of \"Cathedrals,\" the band reentered the studio in the fall of 2000 to record \"Vertigo\". Produced by Clifford and Brad Wood and mixed by David Leonard, the album was originally due to be released in May 2001, but was put on hold when Breaking Records was dropped from the Atlantic roster. The rights to \"Vertigo\" were given to Breaking, and after a fierce struggle, Jump, Little Children was able to release the album on their own imprint, EZ Chief Records, in September 2001. \"Vertigo\" reached No. 44 on the Billboard Top Independent Albums chart. The band regrouped over 2002 and 2003, expanding their touring to include the Midwest and West Coast and recording and releasing a DVD titled \"Live At The Music Farm\". They also expanded EZ Chief Records, launching a website where users could create custom CDs using tracks from independent artists.", "Clarence Ray Allen Clarence Ray Allen (January 16, 1930 \u2013 January 17, 2006) was an American criminal who was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison in California for the murders of three people. At age 76 in 2006, he became the second-oldest inmate at the time to be executed in the United States since 1976, after John B. Nixon, who was executed in Mississippi in December 2005 at age 77. This record has since been broken by Walter Moody. Pro-death penalty activists cite Allen's actions as a reason to support capital punishment in the United States. He was already serving a life sentence for one murder when he was convicted of organizing the killing of three more people. While in prison, Allen then acknowledged his Native American Choctaw heritage. He also claimed to be deaf, blind and severely disabled, requiring a wheelchair for mobility. He did not know any sign language to communicate with hearing people. During his execution, he was able to walk from his wheelchair to the death podium unassisted. In addition, he appeared to be looking straight at his family prior to receiving the first dose of drugs during his lethal injection procedure. Allen had a confirmed advanced case of type 2 diabetes, and he suffered a perhaps related heart attack on September 2, 2005. His lawyers declared that \"he presents absolutely no danger at this point, as incapacitated as he is. There's no legitimate state purpose served by executing him. It would be gratuitous punishment. \" They argued that his execution would constitute cruel and unusual punishment and requested that he be granted clemency by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, which was subsequently refused. In 1974, Allen plotted the burglary of Fran's Market, a Fresno area supermarket, owned by Ray and Fran Schletewitz, whom Allen had known for years.", "Ray Allen Billington Prize The Ray Allen Billington Prize is given biennially by the Organization of American Historians (OAH) for the best book about American frontier history. The \"American frontier\" includes all of North and South America, all post-1492 pioneer experiences, and comparisons between American frontiers and others around the world. First given in 1981, this prize honors Ray Allen Billington, OAH President (1962-1963) and prolific writer about American frontiers. A three-member committee, chosen by the OAH President for a two-year term, selects the winner who receives $1000. The first award was made posthumously to John D. Unruh who died in 1976. No award was made in 1997, and two awards were made in 1999. The following table lists past recipients."], "answer": {"text": "he was named to the All-NBA Second Team and, alongside teammate Rashard Lewis, led the Sonics to the Conference Semifinals in 2005.", "answer_start": 288}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ray Allen's first team?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Allen leave the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "he had ankle surgery on both ankles and missed the remainder of the 2006-07 season.", "answer_start": 208, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What accomplishments did he achieve with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "On March 12, 2006, Allen became the 97th player in NBA history to score 15,000 points.", "answer_start": 1244, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any controversies during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen had a brief war of words with Los Angeles Lakers guard Kobe Bryant,", "answer_start": 447, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his problems with Kobe Bryant?", "answer": {"text": "Allen accused of alienating teammates trying to prove that he did not need Shaquille O'Neal to win games and championships.", "answer_start": 526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Kobe Bryant do during this war of words?", "answer": {"text": "When asked about Allen's comments, Bryant responded, \"Don't even put me and that dude in the same breath.\"", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How much money did he make with the SuperSonics?", "answer": {"text": "After the 2004-05 season, Allen signed a 5-year, $80 million contract extension.", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he break any records during his time with Seattle?", "answer": {"text": "Allen broke Dennis Scott's ten-year-old NBA record for 3-point field goals made in a season in a game against the Denver Nuggets.", "answer_start": 1483, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has anybody broken that record since Allen?", "answer": {"text": "The record has since been broken by Stephen Curry.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#0", "question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "rewrite": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brigadier Sayyid Mohammad was their son. The family, whose name became 'Alsagoff', would get involved in a number of philanthropic activities, such as financing the Masjid of Hajjah Fatimah on Beach Road in Kampong Glam. The \"qubur\" (, graves) of Sayyid Ahmad, and his wife and mother-in-law, are in the premises of this Masjid. Syed Mohammad ( \"\") was the most prominent member of the family. He received two land concessions from Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor; one in Kukup where he could print his own currency and the other in Kampong Nong Chik. He was also involved in Singapore's civil service undertaking several diplomatic posts. The first post he held was the Ottoman consul,> where the Osmanieh Order inducted him into their ranks after he became consul. Syed Mohamed was also asked to conduct diplomacy on behalf of the Sultanate of Aceh during its conflict with the Dutch. He owned a large estate where his nephew, Syed Omar Alsagoff, lived in a palatial bungalow and entertained Europeans lavishly, at what is now Kampong Bukit Tunggal, near Chancery Lane. He served dinners on gold plated plates, forks and knives. There was also a lake there which was one of the attractions of old Singapore and canoes could be seen afloat in it. After his death, his sons developed the Bukit Tunggal Estate in the 1920s. The Alsagoffs had additional property in Beach Road and also the former owners of the Raffles Hotel. The tomb (or \"Kerama\"t) of the holy man Habib Nuh bin Muhammad Al-Habshi built by Syed Mohamed in about 1890 is still maintained by the Alsagoff family.", "The reference implementation of RFC 2307 , nss_ldap and pam_ldap provided by PADL.com, support these attributes directly. The default schema for group membership complies with RFC 2307bis (proposed). Windows Server 2003 R2 includes a Microsoft Management Console snap- in that creates and edits the attributes. An alternative option is to use another directory service as non-Windows clients authenticate to this while Windows Clients authenticate to AD. Non-Windows clients include 389 Directory Server (formerly Fedora Directory Server, FDS), ViewDS Identity Solutions - ViewDS v7.2 XML Enabled Directory and Sun Microsystems Sun Java System Directory Server. The latter two both being able to perform two-way synchronization with AD and thus provide a \"deflected\" integration. Another option is to use OpenLDAP with its \"translucent\" overlay, which can extend entries in any remote LDAP server with additional attributes stored in a local database. Clients pointed at the local database see entries containing both the remote and local attributes, while the remote database remains completely untouched. Administration (querying, modifying, and monitoring) of Active Directory can be achieved via many scripting languages, including PowerShell, VBScript, JScript/JavaScript, Perl, Python, and Ruby. Free and non-free AD administration tools can help to simplify and possibly automate AD management tasks. Since October 2017 Amazon AWS offers integration with Microsoft Active Directory.", "XML Enabled Directory XML Enabled Directory (XED) is a framework for managing objects represented using the Extensible Markup Language (XML). XED builds on X.500 and LDAP directory services technologies. XED was originally designed in 2003 by Steven Legg of eNitiatives (formerly of eB2Bcom and Adacel Technologies) and Daniel Prager (formerly of Deakin University). The XML Enabled Directory (XED) framework leverages existing Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and X.500 directory technology to create a directory service that stores, manages and transmits Extensible Markup Language (XML) format data, while maintaining interoperability with LDAP clients, X.500 Directory User Agents (DUAs), and X.500 Directory System Agents (DSAs). The main features of XED are:   The XML Enabled Directory allows directory entries to contain XML formatted data as attribute values. Furthermore, the attribute syntax can be specified in any one of a variety of XML schema languages that the directory understands. The directory server is then able to perform data validation and semantically meaningful matching of XML documents, or their parts, on behalf of client applications, making the implementation of XML-based applications easier and faster. XML applications can also exploit the directory's traditional capabilities of cross-application data sharing, data distribution, data replication, user authentication and user access control, further lowering the cost of building new XML applications XED Implementations eNitiatives's ViewDS Discovery Server provides organisations with a fast, scalable and flexible directory system. As it has been developed strictly adhering to open standards and it features support for the X.500, LDAP, XED and ACP133 Standards. Being standards compliant, ViewDS will interface with a variety of applications, both now and into the future.", "Sethurathnam Ravi Sethurathnam Ravi (S Ravi) is a chartered accountant (CA) based in India, promoter and managing partner of Ravi Rajan & Co and the Chairman of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). He also serves as an Independent Director of Tourism Finance Corporation of India. Before joining BSE, Ravi served on boards of various companies such as, UTI Company Pvt Ltd., SMERA Ratings, SBI-SG Global Securities, STCI Finance, and BOI Merchant Bankers. He also serves as a member of SEBI\u2019s takeover panel.", "Scotty Smith George St Leger Lennox (1845\u20131919) born into a noble Scottish family, popularly known as Scotty Smith, was a South African bandit known as South Africa's Robin Hood. He was well known as a cattle thief, lover (and thief) of horses, dealer in illegal diamonds, smuggler and friend of the poor. A book was written by F. C. Metrowich, \"Scotty Smith\", which was published in 1962 and went through at least three editions. By Scotty's own account, according to Metrowich, he was not willing to marry the girl that his father had chosen for him in Scotland, and therefore did not receive his inheritance. George, or Scotty as he was often called, trained as a veterinarian, before being shipped to the colonies. It is thought that he first went to Australia where it is believed he participated in the Kalgoorlie gold rush. Apparently he did not have much success though, because he it also rumored to have ended up first as a prize fighter in New York, and later as Veterinary Officer of an Army regiment in India. Scotty got this post on recommendation of an uncle who was Commander in Chief of the Indian Army. The officer in charge of his cavalry squadron was killed in one of the Hill campaigns, so Scotty is believed to have taken over, ordered to charge and caused heavy casualties for his troops. After a court martial, he was believed to have been discharged. Scotty arrived in South Africa in 1877 to join the Frontier Armed and Mounted Police. He saw action in the Gaika War. It is not known exactly when his military career ended, or when he got his nickname \"Scotty Smith\", although he claimed that he took the papers of a fallen comrade by that name."], "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#1", "question": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "rewrite": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Abimbola Fernandez Darnel Abimb\u1ecdla \"Bim\" Olumegbon Fernandez (born May 25, 1989) is a French-born American heiress and singer. She is the daughter of Antonio Deinde Fernandez, a Nigerian billionaire ambassador. In 2014, she sang with the band Pink Grenade, and released two controversial videos that picked up millions of online views. She left her label later that year. Fernandez was born at the American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly-sur-Seine, a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Her father was billionaire Antonio Deinde Fernandez from Lagos State in southwestern Nigeria, who had moved to the United States as a young adult. His Fernandez clan descended from a Portuguese-Brazilian slave trader who raised a family with an African wife in Lagos in the early 19th century. Fernandez's father had four earlier unions; his third wife was white American Barbara Joyce who married him in 1961 while they were living in Virginia, bore him three children in the United States, separated from him in 1984 or early 1985, then filed for divorce in 1987. His fourth partner was Princess Abiola Dosunmu, who married him in Nigeria in April 1973 in a well-attended ceremony. The union produced a daughter and lasted until 1987\u20131988. His fifth partner, Fernandez's African-American mother, was born Sandra Inett Price. She took the name Aduke Fernandez at their union, which she said began in 1982 with a tribal wedding in Nigeria, though he later said they were never formally married. The first child born to the couple was daughter Atinuke in 1984, then Abimbola followed in 1989. Her French birth certificate states her name as Darnel Abimbola Olumegbon Fernandez and her mother's name as Aduke Olufunmilola Olumegbon Price Fernandez.", "Gilm\u00e0r Fernandez Gilm\u00e0r Fernandez (born January 21, 1994) is a Filipino professional footballer who currently plays as a winger or striker and is currently Unattached. Born in Lewisham, London, Fernandez started his youth career at Millwall. In 2004, Fernandez had a trial with Spanish giants Barcelona. In 2008, after playing for Millwall's youth team, Fernandez joined the youth team of Leyton Orient. After playing a single season with Leyton Orient's U16 team, Fernandez received scholarship offers from Crawley Town, Macclesfield Town, Cambridge United before joining the youth team of Dagenham & Redbridge. In 2012, after being released by Dagenham & Redbridge, Fernandez joined Maltese Premier League club Floriana. In 2013, Coventry City had reportedly made a \u20ac20,000 bid for Fernandez but the deal was unable to push through due to the club receiving a transfer embargo in January 2014. In 2013, after playing one season with Floriana, Fernandez joined Maltese Premier League club Balzan. In 25 April 2014, Fernandez made his debut for Balzan in a 1-3 defeat against Mosta. In 2015, after his 2-year stint with Balzan, Fernadez joined Scottish Championship club Alloa Athletic. Fernandez featured for the reserve side of the Wasps. Months after joining the club, the management of Alloa then allowed Gilmar to join United Football League club Stallion in a 6-month loan with an option of extending for another 6 months. In 2016, after being released by Alloa Athletic, Fernandez joined Divizia Na\u021bional\u0103 club Dinamo-Auto. In 2017, six months after joining Dinamo-Auto, Fernandez joined Philippines Football League club Davao Aguilas. In 11 May 2017, Fernandez made his debut for Davao in a 1\u20131 away draw against Ilocos United.", "Mike Fernandez Miguel B. \"Mike\" Fernandez is an American health care industry businessman, investor, and philanthropist. He is the founder of MBF Healthcare Partners, a private equity firm founded in 2005 in Coral Gables, Florida. Fernandez is a major Republican donor. Fernandez was born in Manzanillo, Cuba, the elder of two children of Lieba Fernandez and Mario Antonio Fernandez. Fernandez has a younger sister, Pilar Giorgini ( Pilar de los Angeles Fernandez). On Christmas Day, 1964, Fernandez and his family were escorted by the Cuban military out of their own house and told to leave Cuba. The Fernandez family landed in Mexico City, and lived in a convent temporarily and then with other Mexican families. After six months of living in Mexico, the Fernandez family received their U.S. visas and made their way to New York City. Fernandez received a scholarship to attend Xavier High School, an all-boys Jesuit high school in the heart of Manhattan. A proud man, Mario told his son \"we do not take charity nor are you disabled. Get a job and we will split the tuition\". On weeknights, Fernandez worked at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, part of Presbyterian Hospital, cleaning cages of animals that were used in experiments. On weekends, Fernandez worked at the American Museum of Natural History at the kiosk stand selling souvenirs. Fernandez attended the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque and subsequently enlisted in the Army. In 1975, after serving in the United States Army, Fernandez began his career in the insurance field. After seeing an opportunity in packaging health insurance with life insurance policies, Fernandez began selling health insurance to existing clients. In 1981 Fernandez started Group Tech System, the first national database on health insurance quoting programs. Group tech became Comprehensive Benefit Administrators Inc. (CBAI) which was sold to Ramsay HMO.", "Charles Fernandez (pentathlete) Charles Fernandez (born 28 December 1995) is a Guatemalan modern pentathlete. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's event and finished fifteenth. Fernandez won the men's modern pentathlon at the 2015 Pan American Games. He also won a gold medal at the World Junior Championships. Fernandez has competed in three World Modern Pentathlon Championships as well as multiple youth and junior world championships and a Central American and Caribbean Games. Charles Fernandez's father, Carlos, is also a modern pentathlete, competing at the 2014 Modern Pentathlon Masters World Championships in the men's over-50 competition. Charles Fernandez attended Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia. Fernandez's first international competition was in 2012 when he competed at the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne Youth World Championships in Hungary. He finished 27th in the competition. In May 2014 Fernandez competed at the 2014 Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne International Junior Championships in Drzonkow, Poland, finishing 43rd in the individual event. Fernandez's first World Modern Pentathlon Championships was the 2014 event in Warsaw, Poland. Competing in the individual senior men's event, Fernandez finished 25th. Fernandez's next major competition was the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games. Fernandez finished sixth in the individual men's event. He competed at the World Cup final in 2015. At the championships held in Belarus, Fernandez finished 11th. In June 2015 Fernandez competed in the 2015 World Modern Pentathlon Championships and finished 12th in the men's relay event. On 18 July 2015 Fernandez won a gold medal at the 2015 Pan American Games in the men's individual event. Fernandez finished with a points score of 1444 points. His best discipline was the fencing where he scored the most points out of all the competitors.", "The \"Miami Herald\" has described Fernandez as \"one of Florida's biggest conservative Republican moneymen.\" Fernandez was a major supporter of Mitt Romney's 2012 presidential campaign. Fernandez donated $1 million to Restore Our Future, a pro-Romney super PAC. In 2013, Fernandez donated $1 million to Florida Governor Rick Scott in his re-election campaign. Fernandez was the chair of the finance committee for Scott's campaign. During the 2016 election cycle, Fernandez was a major supporter of Jeb Bush, who unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination. Fernandez donated $3.2 million to Bush and his \"Right to Rise\" super PAC, making him Bush's largest donor and (as of February 2016) the 16th largest donor of the 2016 presidential election. He was ranked one of \"Newsmax\"s \"50 Most Influential Latino Republicans\" in 2016. Although a Republican, Fernandez is an opponent of Donald Trump, the 2016 Republican nominee. During the Republican primaries, Fernandez funded newspaper ads comparing Trump to Hitler, Mussolini, and Per\u00f3n. Fernandez endorsed Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton in the presidential election, saying that she is \"a superior choice to Donald Trump.\" Fernandez has praised the Massachusetts health care reform enacted under Mitt Romney, but opposes the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Although a Republican and opponent of President Obama, Fernandez (who was born in Cuba), supported Obama's decision to normalize relations with Cuba and lift the U.S. embargo against Cuba, a decision that Fernandez called \"fifty years overdue.\" Like other prominent Cuban Americans, shifted positions on U.S.-Cuban relations over time, receding from hard-line stance and moving toward a position in favor of rapprochement. Fernandez wrote an op-ed published in the \"Miami Herald\" about his shift."], "answer": {"text": "Fernandez still records for the label, which is now Sony Music Latin of Sony Music Entertainment.", "answer_start": 285}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#2", "question": "By any chance did he act in any movies?", "rewrite": "By any chance did Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez act in any movies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas is the twenty-fifth studio album by Mexican-American singer-songwriter Pepe Aguilar by Equinoccio Records and distributed by Sony Music. It is a tribute album that consists of twelve cover versions of songs recorded by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. \"L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas\" reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums chart in the United States. It was certified gold in Mexico. The album earned a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album at the 15th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2014 and a Grammy nomination for Best Regional Mexican Music Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. Both Pepe Aguilar and Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez are two of Mexico\u2019s top selling and well recognized acts of Mexican ranchera music. Fern\u00e1ndez announced his retirement from music in February 2012. Pepe Aguilar told the Mexican newspaper, \"El Informador\", that he had great admiration and respect for Fern\u00e1ndez's work. He went on to say that when Fernandez announced his retirement, it gave him the idea of recording a tribute album in honor of Fern\u00e1ndez's work. Aguilar went on to say that Fern\u00e1ndez was a colleague of his father, Mexican singer and actor Antonio Aguilar, and he grew up listening to his music. In an interview with Univision, Aguilar stated that his father, Antonio Aguilar, Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, and Javier Solis were responsible for him choosing a career in music. The first track, \"El Tapat\u00edo\", was recorded by Fern\u00e1ndez on his 1994 album of the same name. The second song, \"L\u00e1stima Que Seas Ajena\", was recorded on his 1993 album of the same name.", "Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez (footballer, born 1975) Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez Pujante (born 17 September 1975 in Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Barcelona, Catalonia), known as Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a midfielder.", "Primera Fila (Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez album) Primera Fila (\"Front Row\") is the title of a live album released by Mexican performer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. This album is the 80th release by the performer, and became his third number-one set on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums and the recipient of a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album. After the success of \"Para Siempre\", releases this album, which includes his greatest hits recorded live, with the participation of 30 musicians, in the \"Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez Arena\". This unplugged CD and DVD also contains four songs never recorded before by Fern\u00e1ndez: \"B\u00e9same Mucho\", \"Amor M\u00edo\", \"No Vuelvo a Amar\" and \"Gracias\". According to the record label Sony BMG, this is a live performance dedicated to the families, to see it in high definition and to be close to the idol. \" Primera Fila\" is the 80th album by the singer. This album was released in three different formats, CD/DVD and DVD/CD, and also in \"Blu-ray\", this last format as a collectors item. It was recorded in a \"anti-pirate\" system and in High definition, and in a near future will be released on 3D, to give the best quality for the fans, according to Miguel Trujillo, CEO of Sony Music M\u00e9xico. A day after its release, \"Primera Fila\" it sold 80,000 units in M\u00e9xico, receiving a platinum certification. In the United States, according to the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart it debuted at number one, replacing \"5to Piso\" by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona.", "Arena VFG Arena V.F.G. is an indoor arena located in Guadalajara, Mexico. The arena can accommodate between 3,500 and 15,000 people. It is mainly used for sporting events and concerts. The arena is named after Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, using the initials V.F.G. to represent the singer's full name Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez. The arena was the site for a fight between Mexican, Saul \"El Canelo\" Alvarez vs. Luciano Leonel Cuello of Argentina. The fight was the Main Event of a broadcast by Televisa. The Mexican fighter Alvarez beat Cuello by TKO in the sixth round. Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez himself offered to give Alvarez a horse, when Vicente sat down for the post fight interview with Saul and Oscar De La Hoya. Artists, including Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Muse, Laura Pausini, Robbie Williams, KISS, Oasis, Paramore, Depeche Mode, Shakira, Ricky Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, t. A.T.u., Gwen Stefani, Hilary Duff, , Jordan Pruitt, Sarah Brightman, Aerosmith, Heaven & Hell, Down, Twenty One Pilots, Morrissey, Gloria Gaynor, Guns N' Roses, Judas Priest, Keane, Korn, Iron Maiden, Rammstein, Celine Dion, and Megadeth have previously performed or are scheduled to perform at the arena.", "Para Siempre Para Siempre (\"Forever\") is the 79th studio album released by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez on September 18, 2007 by Sony BMG Norte. Written and produced by Joan Sebastian, and co-produced by Jes\u00fas Rinc\u00f3n, the album is a successful mariachi record. It has sold two million copies worldwide, and is one of the biggest-selling albums by Fern\u00e1ndez. It spawned four singles: \"Estos Celos\", \"La Derrota\", \"Un Mill\u00f3n de Primaveras\" and the title track, the latter of which was used as the main theme to the Mexican telenovela \" Fuego En La Sangre\", which brought the album wider exposure and helped it to stay in the charts for over two years. It was named the best-selling Regional Mexican Album of the decade by Billboard. Originally conceived as a banda music project, the album earned Fern\u00e1ndez a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album, four Premios Oye! and a Grammy nomination. \" Para Siempre\" is considered responsible for bringing Mexican traditional music to a younger audience that had never listened to the singer before. Fern\u00e1ndez released music videos for the twelve tracks and recorded a TV special on his ranch in Guadalajara, Jalisco. A sold-out promotional tour led to the recording of the live album \"Primera Fila\", Fern\u00e1ndez' follow up album. Two recognized artists worked together for the first time on \"Para Siempre\": Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, the \"king\" of Mexico's traditional ranchera music and one of that country's most recognizable and influential cultural icons, and singer-songwriter Joan Sebastian. Since Fern\u00e1ndez's emergence in the mid-'60s, his popularity among Mexicans and Mexican-Americans has been likened to that of Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "He branched into acting with the 1971 film Tacos al Carbon.", "answer_start": 383}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez still records for the label, which is now Sony Music Latin of Sony Music Entertainment.", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#3", "question": "Did he do any soundtracks?", "rewrite": "Did Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez do any soundtracks?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez (footballer, born 1975) Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez Pujante (born 17 September 1975 in Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Barcelona, Catalonia), known as Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a midfielder.", "L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas is the twenty-fifth studio album by Mexican-American singer-songwriter Pepe Aguilar by Equinoccio Records and distributed by Sony Music. It is a tribute album that consists of twelve cover versions of songs recorded by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. \"L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas\" reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums chart in the United States. It was certified gold in Mexico. The album earned a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album at the 15th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2014 and a Grammy nomination for Best Regional Mexican Music Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. Both Pepe Aguilar and Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez are two of Mexico\u2019s top selling and well recognized acts of Mexican ranchera music. Fern\u00e1ndez announced his retirement from music in February 2012. Pepe Aguilar told the Mexican newspaper, \"El Informador\", that he had great admiration and respect for Fern\u00e1ndez's work. He went on to say that when Fernandez announced his retirement, it gave him the idea of recording a tribute album in honor of Fern\u00e1ndez's work. Aguilar went on to say that Fern\u00e1ndez was a colleague of his father, Mexican singer and actor Antonio Aguilar, and he grew up listening to his music. In an interview with Univision, Aguilar stated that his father, Antonio Aguilar, Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, and Javier Solis were responsible for him choosing a career in music. The first track, \"El Tapat\u00edo\", was recorded by Fern\u00e1ndez on his 1994 album of the same name. The second song, \"L\u00e1stima Que Seas Ajena\", was recorded on his 1993 album of the same name.", "Primera Fila (Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez album) Primera Fila (\"Front Row\") is the title of a live album released by Mexican performer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. This album is the 80th release by the performer, and became his third number-one set on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums and the recipient of a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album. After the success of \"Para Siempre\", releases this album, which includes his greatest hits recorded live, with the participation of 30 musicians, in the \"Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez Arena\". This unplugged CD and DVD also contains four songs never recorded before by Fern\u00e1ndez: \"B\u00e9same Mucho\", \"Amor M\u00edo\", \"No Vuelvo a Amar\" and \"Gracias\". According to the record label Sony BMG, this is a live performance dedicated to the families, to see it in high definition and to be close to the idol. \" Primera Fila\" is the 80th album by the singer. This album was released in three different formats, CD/DVD and DVD/CD, and also in \"Blu-ray\", this last format as a collectors item. It was recorded in a \"anti-pirate\" system and in High definition, and in a near future will be released on 3D, to give the best quality for the fans, according to Miguel Trujillo, CEO of Sony Music M\u00e9xico. A day after its release, \"Primera Fila\" it sold 80,000 units in M\u00e9xico, receiving a platinum certification. In the United States, according to the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart it debuted at number one, replacing \"5to Piso\" by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona.", "Para Siempre Para Siempre (\"Forever\") is the 79th studio album released by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez on September 18, 2007 by Sony BMG Norte. Written and produced by Joan Sebastian, and co-produced by Jes\u00fas Rinc\u00f3n, the album is a successful mariachi record. It has sold two million copies worldwide, and is one of the biggest-selling albums by Fern\u00e1ndez. It spawned four singles: \"Estos Celos\", \"La Derrota\", \"Un Mill\u00f3n de Primaveras\" and the title track, the latter of which was used as the main theme to the Mexican telenovela \" Fuego En La Sangre\", which brought the album wider exposure and helped it to stay in the charts for over two years. It was named the best-selling Regional Mexican Album of the decade by Billboard. Originally conceived as a banda music project, the album earned Fern\u00e1ndez a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album, four Premios Oye! and a Grammy nomination. \" Para Siempre\" is considered responsible for bringing Mexican traditional music to a younger audience that had never listened to the singer before. Fern\u00e1ndez released music videos for the twelve tracks and recorded a TV special on his ranch in Guadalajara, Jalisco. A sold-out promotional tour led to the recording of the live album \"Primera Fila\", Fern\u00e1ndez' follow up album. Two recognized artists worked together for the first time on \"Para Siempre\": Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, the \"king\" of Mexico's traditional ranchera music and one of that country's most recognizable and influential cultural icons, and singer-songwriter Joan Sebastian. Since Fern\u00e1ndez's emergence in the mid-'60s, his popularity among Mexicans and Mexican-Americans has been likened to that of Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley in the United States.", "Arena VFG Arena V.F.G. is an indoor arena located in Guadalajara, Mexico. The arena can accommodate between 3,500 and 15,000 people. It is mainly used for sporting events and concerts. The arena is named after Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, using the initials V.F.G. to represent the singer's full name Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez. The arena was the site for a fight between Mexican, Saul \"El Canelo\" Alvarez vs. Luciano Leonel Cuello of Argentina. The fight was the Main Event of a broadcast by Televisa. The Mexican fighter Alvarez beat Cuello by TKO in the sixth round. Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez himself offered to give Alvarez a horse, when Vicente sat down for the post fight interview with Saul and Oscar De La Hoya. Artists, including Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Muse, Laura Pausini, Robbie Williams, KISS, Oasis, Paramore, Depeche Mode, Shakira, Ricky Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, t. A.T.u., Gwen Stefani, Hilary Duff, , Jordan Pruitt, Sarah Brightman, Aerosmith, Heaven & Hell, Down, Twenty One Pilots, Morrissey, Gloria Gaynor, Guns N' Roses, Judas Priest, Keane, Korn, Iron Maiden, Rammstein, Celine Dion, and Megadeth have previously performed or are scheduled to perform at the arena."], "answer": {"text": "His first hit movie, for which he did the soundtrack, was 1974's La Ley del Monte.", "answer_start": 443}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez still records for the label, which is now Sony Music Latin of Sony Music Entertainment.", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "By any chance did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "He branched into acting with the 1971 film Tacos al Carbon.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#4", "question": "Did he have any albums?", "rewrite": "Did Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez have any albums?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas is the twenty-fifth studio album by Mexican-American singer-songwriter Pepe Aguilar by Equinoccio Records and distributed by Sony Music. It is a tribute album that consists of twelve cover versions of songs recorded by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. \"L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas\" reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums chart in the United States. It was certified gold in Mexico. The album earned a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album at the 15th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2014 and a Grammy nomination for Best Regional Mexican Music Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. Both Pepe Aguilar and Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez are two of Mexico\u2019s top selling and well recognized acts of Mexican ranchera music. Fern\u00e1ndez announced his retirement from music in February 2012. Pepe Aguilar told the Mexican newspaper, \"El Informador\", that he had great admiration and respect for Fern\u00e1ndez's work. He went on to say that when Fernandez announced his retirement, it gave him the idea of recording a tribute album in honor of Fern\u00e1ndez's work. Aguilar went on to say that Fern\u00e1ndez was a colleague of his father, Mexican singer and actor Antonio Aguilar, and he grew up listening to his music. In an interview with Univision, Aguilar stated that his father, Antonio Aguilar, Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, and Javier Solis were responsible for him choosing a career in music. The first track, \"El Tapat\u00edo\", was recorded by Fern\u00e1ndez on his 1994 album of the same name. The second song, \"L\u00e1stima Que Seas Ajena\", was recorded on his 1993 album of the same name.", "Para Siempre Para Siempre (\"Forever\") is the 79th studio album released by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez on September 18, 2007 by Sony BMG Norte. Written and produced by Joan Sebastian, and co-produced by Jes\u00fas Rinc\u00f3n, the album is a successful mariachi record. It has sold two million copies worldwide, and is one of the biggest-selling albums by Fern\u00e1ndez. It spawned four singles: \"Estos Celos\", \"La Derrota\", \"Un Mill\u00f3n de Primaveras\" and the title track, the latter of which was used as the main theme to the Mexican telenovela \" Fuego En La Sangre\", which brought the album wider exposure and helped it to stay in the charts for over two years. It was named the best-selling Regional Mexican Album of the decade by Billboard. Originally conceived as a banda music project, the album earned Fern\u00e1ndez a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album, four Premios Oye! and a Grammy nomination. \" Para Siempre\" is considered responsible for bringing Mexican traditional music to a younger audience that had never listened to the singer before. Fern\u00e1ndez released music videos for the twelve tracks and recorded a TV special on his ranch in Guadalajara, Jalisco. A sold-out promotional tour led to the recording of the live album \"Primera Fila\", Fern\u00e1ndez' follow up album. Two recognized artists worked together for the first time on \"Para Siempre\": Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, the \"king\" of Mexico's traditional ranchera music and one of that country's most recognizable and influential cultural icons, and singer-songwriter Joan Sebastian. Since Fern\u00e1ndez's emergence in the mid-'60s, his popularity among Mexicans and Mexican-Americans has been likened to that of Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley in the United States.", "Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez (footballer, born 1975) Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez Pujante (born 17 September 1975 in Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Barcelona, Catalonia), known as Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a midfielder.", "Arena VFG Arena V.F.G. is an indoor arena located in Guadalajara, Mexico. The arena can accommodate between 3,500 and 15,000 people. It is mainly used for sporting events and concerts. The arena is named after Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, using the initials V.F.G. to represent the singer's full name Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez. The arena was the site for a fight between Mexican, Saul \"El Canelo\" Alvarez vs. Luciano Leonel Cuello of Argentina. The fight was the Main Event of a broadcast by Televisa. The Mexican fighter Alvarez beat Cuello by TKO in the sixth round. Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez himself offered to give Alvarez a horse, when Vicente sat down for the post fight interview with Saul and Oscar De La Hoya. Artists, including Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Muse, Laura Pausini, Robbie Williams, KISS, Oasis, Paramore, Depeche Mode, Shakira, Ricky Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, t. A.T.u., Gwen Stefani, Hilary Duff, , Jordan Pruitt, Sarah Brightman, Aerosmith, Heaven & Hell, Down, Twenty One Pilots, Morrissey, Gloria Gaynor, Guns N' Roses, Judas Priest, Keane, Korn, Iron Maiden, Rammstein, Celine Dion, and Megadeth have previously performed or are scheduled to perform at the arena.", "Primera Fila (Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez album) Primera Fila (\"Front Row\") is the title of a live album released by Mexican performer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. This album is the 80th release by the performer, and became his third number-one set on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums and the recipient of a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album. After the success of \"Para Siempre\", releases this album, which includes his greatest hits recorded live, with the participation of 30 musicians, in the \"Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez Arena\". This unplugged CD and DVD also contains four songs never recorded before by Fern\u00e1ndez: \"B\u00e9same Mucho\", \"Amor M\u00edo\", \"No Vuelvo a Amar\" and \"Gracias\". According to the record label Sony BMG, this is a live performance dedicated to the families, to see it in high definition and to be close to the idol. \" Primera Fila\" is the 80th album by the singer. This album was released in three different formats, CD/DVD and DVD/CD, and also in \"Blu-ray\", this last format as a collectors item. It was recorded in a \"anti-pirate\" system and in High definition, and in a near future will be released on 3D, to give the best quality for the fans, according to Miguel Trujillo, CEO of Sony Music M\u00e9xico. A day after its release, \"Primera Fila\" it sold 80,000 units in M\u00e9xico, receiving a platinum certification. In the United States, according to the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart it debuted at number one, replacing \"5to Piso\" by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona."], "answer": {"text": "Fernandez has recorded more than 50 albums in 35 years", "answer_start": 1180}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez still records for the label, which is now Sony Music Latin of Sony Music Entertainment.", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "By any chance did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "He branched into acting with the 1971 film Tacos al Carbon.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any soundtracks?", "answer": {"text": "His first hit movie, for which he did the soundtrack, was 1974's La Ley del Monte.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#5", "question": "How long did it take him to make an album?", "rewrite": "How long did Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez take to make an album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Arena VFG Arena V.F.G. is an indoor arena located in Guadalajara, Mexico. The arena can accommodate between 3,500 and 15,000 people. It is mainly used for sporting events and concerts. The arena is named after Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, using the initials V.F.G. to represent the singer's full name Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez. The arena was the site for a fight between Mexican, Saul \"El Canelo\" Alvarez vs. Luciano Leonel Cuello of Argentina. The fight was the Main Event of a broadcast by Televisa. The Mexican fighter Alvarez beat Cuello by TKO in the sixth round. Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez himself offered to give Alvarez a horse, when Vicente sat down for the post fight interview with Saul and Oscar De La Hoya. Artists, including Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Muse, Laura Pausini, Robbie Williams, KISS, Oasis, Paramore, Depeche Mode, Shakira, Ricky Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, t. A.T.u., Gwen Stefani, Hilary Duff, , Jordan Pruitt, Sarah Brightman, Aerosmith, Heaven & Hell, Down, Twenty One Pilots, Morrissey, Gloria Gaynor, Guns N' Roses, Judas Priest, Keane, Korn, Iron Maiden, Rammstein, Celine Dion, and Megadeth have previously performed or are scheduled to perform at the arena.", "L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas is the twenty-fifth studio album by Mexican-American singer-songwriter Pepe Aguilar by Equinoccio Records and distributed by Sony Music. It is a tribute album that consists of twelve cover versions of songs recorded by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. \"L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas\" reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums chart in the United States. It was certified gold in Mexico. The album earned a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album at the 15th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2014 and a Grammy nomination for Best Regional Mexican Music Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. Both Pepe Aguilar and Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez are two of Mexico\u2019s top selling and well recognized acts of Mexican ranchera music. Fern\u00e1ndez announced his retirement from music in February 2012. Pepe Aguilar told the Mexican newspaper, \"El Informador\", that he had great admiration and respect for Fern\u00e1ndez's work. He went on to say that when Fernandez announced his retirement, it gave him the idea of recording a tribute album in honor of Fern\u00e1ndez's work. Aguilar went on to say that Fern\u00e1ndez was a colleague of his father, Mexican singer and actor Antonio Aguilar, and he grew up listening to his music. In an interview with Univision, Aguilar stated that his father, Antonio Aguilar, Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, and Javier Solis were responsible for him choosing a career in music. The first track, \"El Tapat\u00edo\", was recorded by Fern\u00e1ndez on his 1994 album of the same name. The second song, \"L\u00e1stima Que Seas Ajena\", was recorded on his 1993 album of the same name.", "Montonico bianco Montonico bianco is a white Italian wine grape variety that is grown in the Calabria region of southern Italy. Ampelographers believe that the grape is likely of Greek origins and was transported to southern Italy by ancient Greek settlers. Though the variety has a long history in Calabria, its numbers have been slowly declining with 1100 hectares/2700 acres planted in the region by the end of the 20th century. Recent DNA profiling has shown Garganega to be one of the parent varieties of Montonico bianco. It is not yet clear if the grape is related to red Calabrian wine grape Gaglioppo that is also known as Mantonico/Montonico nero. Montonico bianco is a permitted grape variety in several \"Denominazione di origine controllata\" wines including the Bivongi DOC located on the slopes of Mount Consolino. Here Montonico makes up to 30-50% of the blend along with Greco bianco and Guardavalle with Ansonica and Malvasia bianca permitted to make up an additional 30-50% and other non-aromatic white grape varieties permitted up to 30%. Montonico grapes destined for DOC wine production must be harvested to a yield no greater than 12 tonnes /hectare with the finished wine needing to attain a minimum alcohol level of at least 10.5%. In the Pollino DOC in southern Calabria, vineyards planted in the shadows of the Pollino massif can include Montonico bianco for blending with the Gaglioppo (Montonico nero) grape in the red wines of the DOC.", "Primera Fila (Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez album) Primera Fila (\"Front Row\") is the title of a live album released by Mexican performer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. This album is the 80th release by the performer, and became his third number-one set on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums and the recipient of a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album. After the success of \"Para Siempre\", releases this album, which includes his greatest hits recorded live, with the participation of 30 musicians, in the \"Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez Arena\". This unplugged CD and DVD also contains four songs never recorded before by Fern\u00e1ndez: \"B\u00e9same Mucho\", \"Amor M\u00edo\", \"No Vuelvo a Amar\" and \"Gracias\". According to the record label Sony BMG, this is a live performance dedicated to the families, to see it in high definition and to be close to the idol. \" Primera Fila\" is the 80th album by the singer. This album was released in three different formats, CD/DVD and DVD/CD, and also in \"Blu-ray\", this last format as a collectors item. It was recorded in a \"anti-pirate\" system and in High definition, and in a near future will be released on 3D, to give the best quality for the fans, according to Miguel Trujillo, CEO of Sony Music M\u00e9xico. A day after its release, \"Primera Fila\" it sold 80,000 units in M\u00e9xico, receiving a platinum certification. In the United States, according to the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart it debuted at number one, replacing \"5to Piso\" by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona.", "Para Siempre Para Siempre (\"Forever\") is the 79th studio album released by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez on September 18, 2007 by Sony BMG Norte. Written and produced by Joan Sebastian, and co-produced by Jes\u00fas Rinc\u00f3n, the album is a successful mariachi record. It has sold two million copies worldwide, and is one of the biggest-selling albums by Fern\u00e1ndez. It spawned four singles: \"Estos Celos\", \"La Derrota\", \"Un Mill\u00f3n de Primaveras\" and the title track, the latter of which was used as the main theme to the Mexican telenovela \" Fuego En La Sangre\", which brought the album wider exposure and helped it to stay in the charts for over two years. It was named the best-selling Regional Mexican Album of the decade by Billboard. Originally conceived as a banda music project, the album earned Fern\u00e1ndez a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album, four Premios Oye! and a Grammy nomination. \" Para Siempre\" is considered responsible for bringing Mexican traditional music to a younger audience that had never listened to the singer before. Fern\u00e1ndez released music videos for the twelve tracks and recorded a TV special on his ranch in Guadalajara, Jalisco. A sold-out promotional tour led to the recording of the live album \"Primera Fila\", Fern\u00e1ndez' follow up album. Two recognized artists worked together for the first time on \"Para Siempre\": Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, the \"king\" of Mexico's traditional ranchera music and one of that country's most recognizable and influential cultural icons, and singer-songwriter Joan Sebastian. Since Fern\u00e1ndez's emergence in the mid-'60s, his popularity among Mexicans and Mexican-Americans has been likened to that of Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "When he records an album, he spends 12-13 hours in the studio recording up to 18 songs;", "answer_start": 1333}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez still records for the label, which is now Sony Music Latin of Sony Music Entertainment.", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "By any chance did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "He branched into acting with the 1971 film Tacos al Carbon.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any soundtracks?", "answer": {"text": "His first hit movie, for which he did the soundtrack, was 1974's La Ley del Monte.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez has recorded more than 50 albums in 35 years", "answer_start": 1180, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#6", "question": "During his breakthrough did he ever go on tour?", "rewrite": "During Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez' breakthrough did Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez ever go on tour?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez (footballer, born 1975) Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez Pujante (born 17 September 1975 in Vilanova i la Geltr\u00fa, Barcelona, Catalonia), known as Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a midfielder.", "Arena VFG Arena V.F.G. is an indoor arena located in Guadalajara, Mexico. The arena can accommodate between 3,500 and 15,000 people. It is mainly used for sporting events and concerts. The arena is named after Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, using the initials V.F.G. to represent the singer's full name Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez. The arena was the site for a fight between Mexican, Saul \"El Canelo\" Alvarez vs. Luciano Leonel Cuello of Argentina. The fight was the Main Event of a broadcast by Televisa. The Mexican fighter Alvarez beat Cuello by TKO in the sixth round. Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez himself offered to give Alvarez a horse, when Vicente sat down for the post fight interview with Saul and Oscar De La Hoya. Artists, including Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Muse, Laura Pausini, Robbie Williams, KISS, Oasis, Paramore, Depeche Mode, Shakira, Ricky Martin, Red Hot Chili Peppers, t. A.T.u., Gwen Stefani, Hilary Duff, , Jordan Pruitt, Sarah Brightman, Aerosmith, Heaven & Hell, Down, Twenty One Pilots, Morrissey, Gloria Gaynor, Guns N' Roses, Judas Priest, Keane, Korn, Iron Maiden, Rammstein, Celine Dion, and Megadeth have previously performed or are scheduled to perform at the arena.", "Primera Fila (Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez album) Primera Fila (\"Front Row\") is the title of a live album released by Mexican performer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. This album is the 80th release by the performer, and became his third number-one set on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums and the recipient of a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album. After the success of \"Para Siempre\", releases this album, which includes his greatest hits recorded live, with the participation of 30 musicians, in the \"Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez G\u00f3mez Arena\". This unplugged CD and DVD also contains four songs never recorded before by Fern\u00e1ndez: \"B\u00e9same Mucho\", \"Amor M\u00edo\", \"No Vuelvo a Amar\" and \"Gracias\". According to the record label Sony BMG, this is a live performance dedicated to the families, to see it in high definition and to be close to the idol. \" Primera Fila\" is the 80th album by the singer. This album was released in three different formats, CD/DVD and DVD/CD, and also in \"Blu-ray\", this last format as a collectors item. It was recorded in a \"anti-pirate\" system and in High definition, and in a near future will be released on 3D, to give the best quality for the fans, according to Miguel Trujillo, CEO of Sony Music M\u00e9xico. A day after its release, \"Primera Fila\" it sold 80,000 units in M\u00e9xico, receiving a platinum certification. In the United States, according to the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart it debuted at number one, replacing \"5to Piso\" by Guatemalan singer-songwriter Ricardo Arjona.", "L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas is the twenty-fifth studio album by Mexican-American singer-songwriter Pepe Aguilar by Equinoccio Records and distributed by Sony Music. It is a tribute album that consists of twelve cover versions of songs recorded by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez. \"L\u00e1stima Que Sean Ajenas\" reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Top Latin Albums chart and number one on the \"Billboard\" Regional Mexican Albums chart in the United States. It was certified gold in Mexico. The album earned a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album at the 15th Annual Latin Grammy Awards in 2014 and a Grammy nomination for Best Regional Mexican Music Album at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in 2015. Both Pepe Aguilar and Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez are two of Mexico\u2019s top selling and well recognized acts of Mexican ranchera music. Fern\u00e1ndez announced his retirement from music in February 2012. Pepe Aguilar told the Mexican newspaper, \"El Informador\", that he had great admiration and respect for Fern\u00e1ndez's work. He went on to say that when Fernandez announced his retirement, it gave him the idea of recording a tribute album in honor of Fern\u00e1ndez's work. Aguilar went on to say that Fern\u00e1ndez was a colleague of his father, Mexican singer and actor Antonio Aguilar, and he grew up listening to his music. In an interview with Univision, Aguilar stated that his father, Antonio Aguilar, Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, and Javier Solis were responsible for him choosing a career in music. The first track, \"El Tapat\u00edo\", was recorded by Fern\u00e1ndez on his 1994 album of the same name. The second song, \"L\u00e1stima Que Seas Ajena\", was recorded on his 1993 album of the same name.", "Para Siempre Para Siempre (\"Forever\") is the 79th studio album released by Mexican singer Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez on September 18, 2007 by Sony BMG Norte. Written and produced by Joan Sebastian, and co-produced by Jes\u00fas Rinc\u00f3n, the album is a successful mariachi record. It has sold two million copies worldwide, and is one of the biggest-selling albums by Fern\u00e1ndez. It spawned four singles: \"Estos Celos\", \"La Derrota\", \"Un Mill\u00f3n de Primaveras\" and the title track, the latter of which was used as the main theme to the Mexican telenovela \" Fuego En La Sangre\", which brought the album wider exposure and helped it to stay in the charts for over two years. It was named the best-selling Regional Mexican Album of the decade by Billboard. Originally conceived as a banda music project, the album earned Fern\u00e1ndez a Latin Grammy Award for Best Ranchero Album, four Premios Oye! and a Grammy nomination. \" Para Siempre\" is considered responsible for bringing Mexican traditional music to a younger audience that had never listened to the singer before. Fern\u00e1ndez released music videos for the twelve tracks and recorded a TV special on his ranch in Guadalajara, Jalisco. A sold-out promotional tour led to the recording of the live album \"Primera Fila\", Fern\u00e1ndez' follow up album. Two recognized artists worked together for the first time on \"Para Siempre\": Vicente Fern\u00e1ndez, the \"king\" of Mexico's traditional ranchera music and one of that country's most recognizable and influential cultural icons, and singer-songwriter Joan Sebastian. Since Fern\u00e1ndez's emergence in the mid-'60s, his popularity among Mexicans and Mexican-Americans has been likened to that of Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "In 1998, he continued to tour despite the kidnapping of his oldest son. (", "answer_start": 1053}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez still records for the label, which is now Sony Music Latin of Sony Music Entertainment.", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "By any chance did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "He branched into acting with the 1971 film Tacos al Carbon.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any soundtracks?", "answer": {"text": "His first hit movie, for which he did the soundtrack, was 1974's La Ley del Monte.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez has recorded more than 50 albums in 35 years", "answer_start": 1180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it take him to make an album?", "answer": {"text": "When he records an album, he spends 12-13 hours in the studio recording up to 18 songs;", "answer_start": 1333, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4ea18555fe934d37b53dfc738883896a_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the kidnapping of his oldest son,Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Akaba of Dahomey Akaba was an early King of the Kingdom of Dahomey, in present-day Benin, from 1685 until \"c. \"1716. King Houegbadja had created the basic structure of the kingdom on the Abomey plateau. His first children were the twins of Akaba and Hangbe and they were followed by another son of Houegbadja who would become King Agaja. As the oldest son, Akaba became the king upon Houegbadja's death and ruled until 1716 when he died during battle in the Ou\u00e9m\u00e9 River Valley, either of small pox or in battle. When he died his sister, Hangbe, became the ruler and began preparing Akaba's oldest son, Agbo Sassa, for the throne. In 1718, Agaja, the next oldest son after Akaba from Houegbadja, fought with Agbo Sassa and Hangbe and became the next King of Dahomey. Oral tradition records that Akaba was the eldest born child of Houegbadja with a twin sister named Hangbe. In addition, Houegbadja also had a younger son named Dosu (the traditional name for the first male born after twins in Fon) who would later take the name Agaja. As the oldest son, Houegbadja named Akaba his heir before he died and Akaba assumed the throne in 1685 upon his father's deaths. In some versions, Akaba is the king who kills the chieftain \"Dan\" to establish the dominance of the Dahomey Kingdom over the Abomey plateau, rather than Houegbadja. Akaba's administration continued military expansion off the Abomey plateau and increasing centralization of the kingdom over the region. Some of his most significant military activity was in the Ou\u00e9m\u00e9 River valley.", "Hamza's stepdaughter, Donna Traverso, told \"The Times\" in 2006 that she was convinced Hamza had duped her mother into marrying him in order to gain the right to stay in the UK (see \"Arrests, charges and imprisonment\" below). In 1999, Hamza's son Mohammed, then 17 years old, was arrested in Yemen with Hamza's stepson Mohssin Ghalain and eight other men. All were tried and convicted of planning a terrorist bombing campaign that the prosecution alleged Hamza had sent the men to carry out. Mohammed and Mohssin received prison sentences of three and seven years, respectively. Mohammed, Mohssin, and Hamza's oldest son with Najat, Hamza Mustafa Kamel, were convicted of fraud by a London court in 2009, and sentenced to prison terms. Following his release Hamza, referred to as Tito Ibn Sheikh in court proceedings, was given a 12-year sentence after being convicted of 'orchestrating' a violent kidnapping in 2014. Hamza's third son with Najat, Yasser Kamel, was sentenced to 12 months in youth detention in 2010, for violent disorder at anti-Israel protests in 2009. In 2012, Hamza's second youngest son, Imran Mustafa Kamel, was convicted of armed robbery and illegal possession of a firearm with intent to commit an offence and was sentenced to 11 years' imprisonment. In 2013, the \"Evening Standard\" reported that Hamza's second-oldest son with Najat, Uthman Mustafa Kamal, delivered sermons at An-Noor mosque in Acton, west London, that were allegedly 'in support of holy war', videos of which were uploaded online but have since been taken down.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "He usually selects a certain son as the candidate for his successor. When he has no offspring at all, the patriarch often adopts both a boy as his successor and a girl as the successor\u2019s wife. In Mukoy\u014dshi adoption, it does not matter whether or not the boy and the girl concerned have blood relationship with the patriarch or with his wife. The traditional ideal of the \"ie\" system designates the oldest son as an heir to the family, and expects his family to live with his parents. When the oldest son is not available or not able to assume this position, one of the younger sons may do so. The elderly parents may opt for living with one of their married daughters, usually when they have no available son. Implied here is a sex/age hierarchy in terms of living with the parents, descending from oldest son to youngest son, and oldest to youngest daughter. It thus can be expected that oldest sons and oldest daughters without brothers are more likely to live with their parents than other children."], "answer": {"text": "claims to have recorded 300 more songs, making another 30 albums possible even if he retires.", "answer_start": 1239}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Vicente Fernandezes Breathrough?", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, just as Fernandez was about to go onstage, his father died.", "answer_start": 669, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Fernandez have a label?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez still records for the label, which is now Sony Music Latin of Sony Music Entertainment.", "answer_start": 285, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "By any chance did he act in any movies?", "answer": {"text": "He branched into acting with the 1971 film Tacos al Carbon.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any soundtracks?", "answer": {"text": "His first hit movie, for which he did the soundtrack, was 1974's La Ley del Monte.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Fernandez has recorded more than 50 albums in 35 years", "answer_start": 1180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did it take him to make an album?", "answer": {"text": "When he records an album, he spends 12-13 hours in the studio recording up to 18 songs;", "answer_start": 1333, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "During his breakthrough did he ever go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "In 1998, he continued to tour despite the kidnapping of his oldest son. (", "answer_start": 1053, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c7fe18ba9b3249c4bdf10f65b64b5714_0_q#0", "question": "Were Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on tour in 1969", "rewrite": "Were Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on tour in 1969", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nitty Gritty Ibbotson Nitty Gritty Ibbotson is the first solo album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band member, Jimmy Ibbotson, released in 1977. Ibbotson left the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band at the end 1975, but rejoined them a few years later. The song, \"Sara\", was later recorded as \"Sarah in the Summer\" by Ibbotson as a member of the Wild Jimbos and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The Wild Jimbos included it on their debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included it on their 1994 album \"Acoustic\". The version on \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" has a different ending. He sings about \"driving this road as a gay divorcee\" and being an \"hour closer to Sandy in the summer\". It is a safe assumption that this is about his ex-wife Sandy and their daughter Sarah Jean, and that they were divorced before the LP was released in 1977. All information from album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Not Fade Away (Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album) Not Fade Away is the 1992 album from The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band (a.k.a. The Dirt Band) is notable for having many charting albums and singles. Two singles from this album charted. \"I Fought the Law\" reached 66 on the US Country charts. \"One Good Love\" reached 74 on the US Country charts. Suzy Bogguss appears as guest vocalist on \"Don't Underestimate Love\". They also appeared on her 1992 album \"Voices In The Wind\". Guest vocalist Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography All information from album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Acoustic (Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album) Acoustic is the 1994 album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The song \"Sara In The Summer\" was originally released as \"Sara\" on Ibbotson's first solo album \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" in 1977. The Wild Jimbos also included it on the debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Allmusic review by Jim Newsom awarded the album 4 stars stating \"A couple of years after the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's string of country hits ended, the band returned to its roots to record this appropriately titled collection of original material. Most of the songs are very good, and the sound is refreshingly unadorned with any concessions to the soundalike country mainstream. Because the NGDB was among the many fine artists swept aside by the faceless hat acts and young country babes birthed by the Garth era, Acoustic never found a sizable audience. However, this blend of acoustic guitars, mandolin, dobro, harmonica, accordion, washboard, and beautiful vocal harmonies delivers a bevy of country/folk delights. \". Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography All information is from the album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Jeff Hanna Jeffrey \"Jeff\" R. Hanna (July 11, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter and performance musician, best known for his association with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His professional music career has spanned six decades. Hanna was born in Detroit, Michigan. In 1962 at age 15 he moved with his family to Long Beach, California. As a high school student there, he and some friends started a jug band that ultimately evolved into the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. He was one of the founders and is the longest-serving member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, where he has been a singer, songwriter, lead guitarist, drummer and washboard player. Through the years, he has been a major force in keeping the band together and maintaining its blend of folk, country and rock music. Hanna has over 380 recording credits, primarily as a composer, but also as a vocalist, guitarist (acoustic, electric, steel, slide, twelve-string, and baritone), arranger, and producer. In addition to the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, his credits include work with artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Suzy Bogguss, The Texas Tenors, Patty Loveless, Rascal Flatts, Matraca Berg, Hannah Montana, Emmylou Harris, The Chieftains, Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash, Earl Scruggs, Michael Martin Murphey, Dickey Betts, and Steve Martin. In 2006, his composition \"Bless the Broken Road\", co-written with Marcus Hummon and Bobby Boyd in 1994, won a Grammy Award for Best Country Song. It has been recorded by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Marcus Hummon, and, in the Grammy year, Rascal Flatts. Hanna's children are visual artist Christopher Hanna, and Jaime Hanna of the Hanna-McEuen country music duo.", "William E. McEuen William E. McEuen is a film producer and record producer famous for working with Steve Martin and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His younger brother is John McEuen, banjo player and founding member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. McEuen is credited with earning the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band their first recording contract with Liberty Records. He has also co-written 8 songs with the band. McEuen has five production credits, which include Steve Martin's A Wild and Crazy Guy, Steven Wright's I Have a Pony and three albums by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Writing in 1974 in reference to Stars & Stripes Forever (album), Cashbox (magazine) stated: \"' William E. McEuen Presents' once again becomes an honored phrase as the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band bows their latest album...\" McEuen has also acted as producer or Executive producer for multiple movies, most notably as producer with 1979's \"The Jerk\", 1983's \"The Man with Two Brains\", and executive producer for 1985's \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" and \"The Big Picture\". McEuen has twice been nominated for a Grammy, in 1970 for Best Album Cover for Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy and 1975 for Best Album Package for Symphonion Dream. In 1978 McEuen was nominated at the Academy Awards for Best Short Film with The Absent-Minded Waiter."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c7fe18ba9b3249c4bdf10f65b64b5714_0_q#1", "question": "Did they release any albums during this time period", "rewrite": "Did Nitty Gritty Dirt Band release any albums during 1969-76.", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Acoustic (Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album) Acoustic is the 1994 album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The song \"Sara In The Summer\" was originally released as \"Sara\" on Ibbotson's first solo album \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" in 1977. The Wild Jimbos also included it on the debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Allmusic review by Jim Newsom awarded the album 4 stars stating \"A couple of years after the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's string of country hits ended, the band returned to its roots to record this appropriately titled collection of original material. Most of the songs are very good, and the sound is refreshingly unadorned with any concessions to the soundalike country mainstream. Because the NGDB was among the many fine artists swept aside by the faceless hat acts and young country babes birthed by the Garth era, Acoustic never found a sizable audience. However, this blend of acoustic guitars, mandolin, dobro, harmonica, accordion, washboard, and beautiful vocal harmonies delivers a bevy of country/folk delights. \". Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography All information is from the album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Not Fade Away (Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album) Not Fade Away is the 1992 album from The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band (a.k.a. The Dirt Band) is notable for having many charting albums and singles. Two singles from this album charted. \"I Fought the Law\" reached 66 on the US Country charts. \"One Good Love\" reached 74 on the US Country charts. Suzy Bogguss appears as guest vocalist on \"Don't Underestimate Love\". They also appeared on her 1992 album \"Voices In The Wind\". Guest vocalist Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography All information from album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Nitty Gritty Ibbotson Nitty Gritty Ibbotson is the first solo album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band member, Jimmy Ibbotson, released in 1977. Ibbotson left the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band at the end 1975, but rejoined them a few years later. The song, \"Sara\", was later recorded as \"Sarah in the Summer\" by Ibbotson as a member of the Wild Jimbos and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The Wild Jimbos included it on their debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included it on their 1994 album \"Acoustic\". The version on \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" has a different ending. He sings about \"driving this road as a gay divorcee\" and being an \"hour closer to Sandy in the summer\". It is a safe assumption that this is about his ex-wife Sandy and their daughter Sarah Jean, and that they were divorced before the LP was released in 1977. All information from album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Jeff Hanna Jeffrey \"Jeff\" R. Hanna (July 11, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter and performance musician, best known for his association with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His professional music career has spanned six decades. Hanna was born in Detroit, Michigan. In 1962 at age 15 he moved with his family to Long Beach, California. As a high school student there, he and some friends started a jug band that ultimately evolved into the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. He was one of the founders and is the longest-serving member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, where he has been a singer, songwriter, lead guitarist, drummer and washboard player. Through the years, he has been a major force in keeping the band together and maintaining its blend of folk, country and rock music. Hanna has over 380 recording credits, primarily as a composer, but also as a vocalist, guitarist (acoustic, electric, steel, slide, twelve-string, and baritone), arranger, and producer. In addition to the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, his credits include work with artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Suzy Bogguss, The Texas Tenors, Patty Loveless, Rascal Flatts, Matraca Berg, Hannah Montana, Emmylou Harris, The Chieftains, Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash, Earl Scruggs, Michael Martin Murphey, Dickey Betts, and Steve Martin. In 2006, his composition \"Bless the Broken Road\", co-written with Marcus Hummon and Bobby Boyd in 1994, won a Grammy Award for Best Country Song. It has been recorded by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Marcus Hummon, and, in the Grammy year, Rascal Flatts. Hanna's children are visual artist Christopher Hanna, and Jaime Hanna of the Hanna-McEuen country music duo.", "William E. McEuen William E. McEuen is a film producer and record producer famous for working with Steve Martin and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His younger brother is John McEuen, banjo player and founding member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. McEuen is credited with earning the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band their first recording contract with Liberty Records. He has also co-written 8 songs with the band. McEuen has five production credits, which include Steve Martin's A Wild and Crazy Guy, Steven Wright's I Have a Pony and three albums by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Writing in 1974 in reference to Stars & Stripes Forever (album), Cashbox (magazine) stated: \"' William E. McEuen Presents' once again becomes an honored phrase as the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band bows their latest album...\" McEuen has also acted as producer or Executive producer for multiple movies, most notably as producer with 1979's \"The Jerk\", 1983's \"The Man with Two Brains\", and executive producer for 1985's \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" and \"The Big Picture\". McEuen has twice been nominated for a Grammy, in 1970 for Best Album Cover for Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy and 1975 for Best Album Package for Symphonion Dream. In 1978 McEuen was nominated at the Academy Awards for Best Short Film with The Absent-Minded Waiter."], "answer": {"text": "the band recorded and released Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy,", "answer_start": 228}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on tour in 1969", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c7fe18ba9b3249c4bdf10f65b64b5714_0_q#2", "question": "Was Uncle Charlie and his Dog Teddy a hit?", "rewrite": "Was Uncle Charlie and his Dog Teddy a hit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Charlie refuses to believe it at first, but then observes Uncle Charlie acting strangely, primarily with a news clipping from her father's newspaper that describes a murder. The initials engraved inside the ring he gave her match those of one of the murdered women, and during a family dinner he reveals his hatred of rich widows. One night, when Charlie's father and his friend Herbie discuss how to commit the perfect murder, Uncle Charlie lets his guard down and describes elderly widows as \"fat, wheezing animals\"; he then says, \"What happens to animals when they get too fat and too old?\" Horrified, Charlie runs out. Uncle Charlie follows and takes her into a seedy bar. He admits he is one of the two suspects. He begs her for help; she reluctantly agrees not to say anything, as long as he leaves soon, to avoid a horrible confrontation that would destroy her mother, who idolizes her younger brother. Detective Saunders tells Charlie that the photo they took of Uncle Charlie was sent for identification by witnesses. News breaks that an alternative suspect was chased by police and killed by an airplane propeller; it is assumed that he was the murderer. Jack tells young Charlie that he loves her and would like to marry her, and leaves. Uncle Charlie is delighted to be exonerated, but young Charlie knows all his secrets. Soon, she falls down dangerously steep stairs which she later notices were cut through. Uncle Charlie says he wants to settle down, and young Charlie says she will kill him if he stays. Later that night, she is prodded by Uncle Charlie to get the car in the garage. The engine was left running and the garage is full of exhaust fumes. She tries to turn the engine off but the key is not in the ignition and when she tries to leave she finds the garage door jammed and she is trapped in the garage.", "Uncle Charlie &amp; His Dog Teddy Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy is the 1970 album from The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band that contains the hit song \"Mr. Bojangles\". The album reached #66 on US charts. Three singles charted: \"Mr. Bojangles\" reached #9, \" House On Pooh Corner\" reached #53, and \"Some Of Shelly's Blues\" reached #64. The 1994 CD version has the title \"Uncle Charlie And His Dog\" on the spine. Extra tracks on the 2003 CD reissue: The Band Contributing Musicians (credited on original LP) Not credited on LP or CD According to a blog specializing in country music discographies, the \"Uncle Charlie Interview\" was recorded in November 1968. In actuality, this recording was done in November 1963 (per the liner notes of the Dirt, Silver and Gold LP). The error comes from a typo found on a CD reissue of the Dirt, Silver and Gold album. Despite the fact that this is simply an interview that pre-dates the band's formation and features no other musicians besides the titular Uncle Charlie, it has been blindly assumed on the (incorrect) date alone that Chris Darrow and Ralph Barr play on this track and therefore on this album. 2003 CD reissue with two additional tracks and new liner notes The information in this article comes from the liner notes of the original LP and the 2003 CD reissue, unless otherwise noted.", "Mr. Bojangles (song)  \" Mr. Bojangles\" is a song written and originally recorded by American country music artist Jerry Jeff Walker for his 1968 album of the same title. Since then, it has been recorded by many other artists, including US country music band the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, whose version (recorded for the 1970 album \"Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy\") was issued as a single and rose to #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1971. Live versions of the song appeared on Walker's 1977 album, \"A Man Must Carry On\", and his 1980 album \"The Best of Jerry Jeff Walker\" and he sang it with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on their 2015 concert album entitled \"Circlin' Back\". The song, however, is most widely associated with Sammy Davis Jr., who made the song part of his stage shows and live television performances for nearly two decades. The NGDB's single version begins with the Uncle Charlie interview (subtitled \"Prologue: Uncle Charlie and his Dog Teddy\") that also precedes the song on the \"Uncle Charlie\" album. It was originally backed with another interview with Uncle Charlie, also taken from the album. When \"Mr. Bojangles\" started climbing the charts, the B-side was re-pressed with the same song without the interview. NGDB guitarist Jeff Hanna performed most of the lead vocals on the track, with bandmate Jim Ibbotson performing harmony vocals; the two switched these roles on the last verse. Walker has said he was inspired to write the song after an encounter with a street performer in a New Orleans jail. While in jail for public intoxication in 1965, he met a homeless black man who called himself \"Mr. Bojangles\" to conceal his true identity from the police.", "Mr. Newton's friend Herbie happens to come by and hears Charlie banging on the garage door and gets her out in time. Uncle Charlie announces he is leaving for San Francisco, along with a rich widow, Mrs. Potter. At the train station young Charlie boards the train with her younger sister Ann and their brother to see Uncle Charlie's compartment. As the children disembark, Uncle Charlie restrains his niece Charlie on the train, hoping to kill her by shoving her out after it picks up speed. However, in the ensuing struggle, he falls in front of an oncoming train. At his funeral, Uncle Charlie is honored by the townspeople. Jack has returned, and Charlie confesses that she withheld crucial information. They resolve to keep Uncle Charlie's crimes a secret. Alfred Hitchcock appears about 16 minutes into the film, on the train to Santa Rosa, playing bridge with Doctor and Mrs. Harry. Charlie is traveling on the train under the assumed name of Otis, and is lying down due to a migraine. Mrs. Harry is eager to help him, but her husband is not interested and keeps playing bridge. Doctor Harry replies to Hitchcock that he doesn't look well while Hitchcock is holding a full suit of spades, the best hand for bridge. The project began when the head of David Selznick's story department, Margaret McDonell, told Hitchcock that her husband Gordon had an interesting idea for a novel that she thought would make a good movie. His idea, called \"Uncle Charlie\", was based on the true story of Earle Nelson, a serial killer of the late 1920s known as \"the Gorilla Man\". \"Shadow of a Doubt\" was both filmed and set in Santa Rosa, California, which was portrayed as a paragon of a supposedly peaceful, small, pre-War American city.", "Uncle Charlie Osborne Charles Nelson Osborne (December 26, 1890 \u2013 May 27, 1992), affectionately known as \"Uncle Charlie,\" was a musician in the Appalachian Mountains of southwest Virginia. He was born in what is now known as Cowan Osborne Hollow, named for his father, in Copper Creek, Virginia. He was regionally famous from the time he was about 15 until his death at age 101 in 1992. Charlie had a unique style of playing the fiddle with his left hand, on a right-handed fiddle. He and his brother, Emmett Osborne, played on WOPI radio station in Bristol, Tennessee, from the early 1920s until the early 1930s. They were contemporaries of country music founders Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family, and occasionally gave advice to Tennessee Ernie Ford on his music. Uncle Charlie was blinded in his left eye at age 21 when he was shot in the head with a pistol that had been stolen from him. Beginning in the 1930s, he cut back his music and farmed a large farm near the Osborne Family Homeplace in Copper Creek, Virginia. In the mid-1970s, after the death of his wife, Clara, Charlie began to focus more on his music. In 1985, in conjunction with East Tennessee State University, Appalshop's June Appal Recordings recorded Uncle Charlie's first album, \"Relics And Treasures\". The album contained over a dozen traditional mountain songs, including \"Ida Red\", \"Brown's Dream\", and \"Old Joe Clark\". Uncle Charlie recorded two more albums with the label; his final was 1991's \"One Hundred Years Farther On\", which included the powerful and mournful mountain gospel song \" Farther On,\" which Uncle Charlie called \"As We Travel Through The Desert\"."], "answer": {"text": "Their version of \"Mr. Bojangles\" became the group's first hit, peaking at #9 on Billboard's all genre Hot 100 chart,", "answer_start": 625}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on tour in 1969", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during this time period", "answer": {"text": "the band recorded and released Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy,", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c7fe18ba9b3249c4bdf10f65b64b5714_0_q#3", "question": "Did they have any other singles off this album that were hits", "rewrite": "Besides \"Mr. Bojangles,\" did Nitty Gritty Dirt Band have any other singles which were hits alone?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nitty Gritty Ibbotson Nitty Gritty Ibbotson is the first solo album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band member, Jimmy Ibbotson, released in 1977. Ibbotson left the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band at the end 1975, but rejoined them a few years later. The song, \"Sara\", was later recorded as \"Sarah in the Summer\" by Ibbotson as a member of the Wild Jimbos and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The Wild Jimbos included it on their debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included it on their 1994 album \"Acoustic\". The version on \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" has a different ending. He sings about \"driving this road as a gay divorcee\" and being an \"hour closer to Sandy in the summer\". It is a safe assumption that this is about his ex-wife Sandy and their daughter Sarah Jean, and that they were divorced before the LP was released in 1977. All information from album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "William E. McEuen William E. McEuen is a film producer and record producer famous for working with Steve Martin and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His younger brother is John McEuen, banjo player and founding member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. McEuen is credited with earning the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band their first recording contract with Liberty Records. He has also co-written 8 songs with the band. McEuen has five production credits, which include Steve Martin's A Wild and Crazy Guy, Steven Wright's I Have a Pony and three albums by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Writing in 1974 in reference to Stars & Stripes Forever (album), Cashbox (magazine) stated: \"' William E. McEuen Presents' once again becomes an honored phrase as the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band bows their latest album...\" McEuen has also acted as producer or Executive producer for multiple movies, most notably as producer with 1979's \"The Jerk\", 1983's \"The Man with Two Brains\", and executive producer for 1985's \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" and \"The Big Picture\". McEuen has twice been nominated for a Grammy, in 1970 for Best Album Cover for Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy and 1975 for Best Album Package for Symphonion Dream. In 1978 McEuen was nominated at the Academy Awards for Best Short Film with The Absent-Minded Waiter.", "John McEuen John McEuen (born December 19, 1945), is an American folk musician and a founding member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. McEuen was born in Oakland, California. After seeing the Dillards perform in 1964, he began playing banjo when he was 17. Eventually he took an interest in fiddle and mandolin. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's roots were in a duo formed by two high school friends, Jeff Hanna and Bruce Kunkel, during the early 1960s in southern California. In college, they met musicians Jackson Browne, Ralph Barr, Jimmie Fadden, and Les Thompson and formed the folk-rock group the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in 1966. Les called on his previous band mate from their first group, Willmore City Moonshiners, and John McEuen came in to the now formed band when Browne departed after 5 shows in search of a solo career. John got his brother Bill to manage, and their career got under way. In 1967, the band released its first album, \"The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band\", on Liberty Records, with a minor hit in \"Buy for Me the Rain\". By contrast, they had no hits from their next three albums until their cover version of \"Mr. Bojangles\" by Jerry Jeff Walker. Bill McEuen suggested the band go to Nashville to record, which they did in 1971. Bill and John McEuen came up with the idea of recording an album of traditional bluegrass and country music, different from the electric folk-rock they had been playing in Long Beach, California. John had asked banjoist and new friend Earl Scruggs if he would record with the band in June 1971. A week later he asked Doc Watson the same question - both enthusiastically said yes.", "Acoustic (Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album) Acoustic is the 1994 album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The song \"Sara In The Summer\" was originally released as \"Sara\" on Ibbotson's first solo album \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" in 1977. The Wild Jimbos also included it on the debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Allmusic review by Jim Newsom awarded the album 4 stars stating \"A couple of years after the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's string of country hits ended, the band returned to its roots to record this appropriately titled collection of original material. Most of the songs are very good, and the sound is refreshingly unadorned with any concessions to the soundalike country mainstream. Because the NGDB was among the many fine artists swept aside by the faceless hat acts and young country babes birthed by the Garth era, Acoustic never found a sizable audience. However, this blend of acoustic guitars, mandolin, dobro, harmonica, accordion, washboard, and beautiful vocal harmonies delivers a bevy of country/folk delights. \". Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography All information is from the album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Jeff Hanna Jeffrey \"Jeff\" R. Hanna (July 11, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter and performance musician, best known for his association with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His professional music career has spanned six decades. Hanna was born in Detroit, Michigan. In 1962 at age 15 he moved with his family to Long Beach, California. As a high school student there, he and some friends started a jug band that ultimately evolved into the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. He was one of the founders and is the longest-serving member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, where he has been a singer, songwriter, lead guitarist, drummer and washboard player. Through the years, he has been a major force in keeping the band together and maintaining its blend of folk, country and rock music. Hanna has over 380 recording credits, primarily as a composer, but also as a vocalist, guitarist (acoustic, electric, steel, slide, twelve-string, and baritone), arranger, and producer. In addition to the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, his credits include work with artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Suzy Bogguss, The Texas Tenors, Patty Loveless, Rascal Flatts, Matraca Berg, Hannah Montana, Emmylou Harris, The Chieftains, Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash, Earl Scruggs, Michael Martin Murphey, Dickey Betts, and Steve Martin. In 2006, his composition \"Bless the Broken Road\", co-written with Marcus Hummon and Bobby Boyd in 1994, won a Grammy Award for Best Country Song. It has been recorded by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Marcus Hummon, and, in the Grammy year, Rascal Flatts. Hanna's children are visual artist Christopher Hanna, and Jaime Hanna of the Hanna-McEuen country music duo."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on tour in 1969", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during this time period", "answer": {"text": "the band recorded and released Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy,", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Uncle Charlie and his Dog Teddy a hit?", "answer": {"text": "Their version of \"Mr. Bojangles\" became the group's first hit, peaking at #9 on Billboard's all genre Hot 100 chart,", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c7fe18ba9b3249c4bdf10f65b64b5714_0_q#4", "question": "Did they release any other albums during this time?", "rewrite": "Besides, did Nitty Gritty Dirt Band release any other albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Not Fade Away (Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album) Not Fade Away is the 1992 album from The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band (a.k.a. The Dirt Band) is notable for having many charting albums and singles. Two singles from this album charted. \"I Fought the Law\" reached 66 on the US Country charts. \"One Good Love\" reached 74 on the US Country charts. Suzy Bogguss appears as guest vocalist on \"Don't Underestimate Love\". They also appeared on her 1992 album \"Voices In The Wind\". Guest vocalist Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography All information from album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Acoustic (Nitty Gritty Dirt Band album) Acoustic is the 1994 album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The song \"Sara In The Summer\" was originally released as \"Sara\" on Ibbotson's first solo album \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" in 1977. The Wild Jimbos also included it on the debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Allmusic review by Jim Newsom awarded the album 4 stars stating \"A couple of years after the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band's string of country hits ended, the band returned to its roots to record this appropriately titled collection of original material. Most of the songs are very good, and the sound is refreshingly unadorned with any concessions to the soundalike country mainstream. Because the NGDB was among the many fine artists swept aside by the faceless hat acts and young country babes birthed by the Garth era, Acoustic never found a sizable audience. However, this blend of acoustic guitars, mandolin, dobro, harmonica, accordion, washboard, and beautiful vocal harmonies delivers a bevy of country/folk delights. \". Nitty Gritty Dirt Band discography All information is from the album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Nitty Gritty Ibbotson Nitty Gritty Ibbotson is the first solo album by Nitty Gritty Dirt Band member, Jimmy Ibbotson, released in 1977. Ibbotson left the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band at the end 1975, but rejoined them a few years later. The song, \"Sara\", was later recorded as \"Sarah in the Summer\" by Ibbotson as a member of the Wild Jimbos and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. The Wild Jimbos included it on their debut album \"Wild Jimbos\" in 1991. The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band included it on their 1994 album \"Acoustic\". The version on \"Nitty Gritty Ibbotson\" has a different ending. He sings about \"driving this road as a gay divorcee\" and being an \"hour closer to Sandy in the summer\". It is a safe assumption that this is about his ex-wife Sandy and their daughter Sarah Jean, and that they were divorced before the LP was released in 1977. All information from album liner notes unless otherwise noted.", "Jeff Hanna Jeffrey \"Jeff\" R. Hanna (July 11, 1947) is an American singer-songwriter and performance musician, best known for his association with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His professional music career has spanned six decades. Hanna was born in Detroit, Michigan. In 1962 at age 15 he moved with his family to Long Beach, California. As a high school student there, he and some friends started a jug band that ultimately evolved into the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. He was one of the founders and is the longest-serving member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, where he has been a singer, songwriter, lead guitarist, drummer and washboard player. Through the years, he has been a major force in keeping the band together and maintaining its blend of folk, country and rock music. Hanna has over 380 recording credits, primarily as a composer, but also as a vocalist, guitarist (acoustic, electric, steel, slide, twelve-string, and baritone), arranger, and producer. In addition to the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, his credits include work with artists such as Linda Ronstadt, Suzy Bogguss, The Texas Tenors, Patty Loveless, Rascal Flatts, Matraca Berg, Hannah Montana, Emmylou Harris, The Chieftains, Johnny Cash, June Carter Cash, Earl Scruggs, Michael Martin Murphey, Dickey Betts, and Steve Martin. In 2006, his composition \"Bless the Broken Road\", co-written with Marcus Hummon and Bobby Boyd in 1994, won a Grammy Award for Best Country Song. It has been recorded by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Marcus Hummon, and, in the Grammy year, Rascal Flatts. Hanna's children are visual artist Christopher Hanna, and Jaime Hanna of the Hanna-McEuen country music duo.", "William E. McEuen William E. McEuen is a film producer and record producer famous for working with Steve Martin and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. His younger brother is John McEuen, banjo player and founding member of the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. McEuen is credited with earning the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band their first recording contract with Liberty Records. He has also co-written 8 songs with the band. McEuen has five production credits, which include Steve Martin's A Wild and Crazy Guy, Steven Wright's I Have a Pony and three albums by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Writing in 1974 in reference to Stars & Stripes Forever (album), Cashbox (magazine) stated: \"' William E. McEuen Presents' once again becomes an honored phrase as the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band bows their latest album...\" McEuen has also acted as producer or Executive producer for multiple movies, most notably as producer with 1979's \"The Jerk\", 1983's \"The Man with Two Brains\", and executive producer for 1985's \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" and \"The Big Picture\". McEuen has twice been nominated for a Grammy, in 1970 for Best Album Cover for Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy and 1975 for Best Album Package for Symphonion Dream. In 1978 McEuen was nominated at the Academy Awards for Best Short Film with The Absent-Minded Waiter."], "answer": {"text": "The next album, All The Good Times, released during early 1972, had a similar style.", "answer_start": 782}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on tour in 1969", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during this time period", "answer": {"text": "the band recorded and released Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy,", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Uncle Charlie and his Dog Teddy a hit?", "answer": {"text": "Their version of \"Mr. Bojangles\" became the group's first hit, peaking at #9 on Billboard's all genre Hot 100 chart,", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other singles off this album that were hits", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c7fe18ba9b3249c4bdf10f65b64b5714_0_q#5", "question": "What singles were released from this album?", "rewrite": "What singles were released from All the Good Times?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Good Times Burgers &amp; Frozen Custard Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard is a Lakewood, Colorado-based fast-food restaurant specializing in premium burgers and frozen custard. Good Times Restaurants Inc. owns and operates 36 Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard locations, 34 in Colorado, and 1 in Wyoming. In 1968, Round the Corner Restaurants was started in Boulder, Colorado, and established a chain of gourmet, sit down hamburger restaurants. At its peak, Round the Corner had 30 restaurants in 4 states. In 1986, Round the Corner formed a company to develop the Good Times drive-through concept. By 1987 as \"Good Times Drive-Thru Burgers\", the company opened its first location in Boulder. Between 1990 and 1993, Round the Corner became a subsidiary of Good Times Restaurants, Inc., and was spun off into a separate company in 1995. Round the Corner filed for bankruptcy in 1996, with Good Times as the only secured creditor. By 2000, the last remaining Round the Corner restaurant, located in Aurora, Colorado, had been sold to an independent operator. In 2005, Good Times began a test agreement with Taco John's to open co-branded restaurants. In 2007, Good Times introduced new Bambino Burgers, slider hamburgers similar to those sold by White Castle. In 2009, Good Times' signature Wild Fries were discontinued in favor of standard \"fresh cut\" fries. In 2010, Wild Fries were returned to the menu by popular demand. In 2013, Good Times acquired a 48-percent interest in North Carolina-based franchiser Bad Daddy's Burger Bar, described as a \"full service, upscale, 'small box' restaurant concept\". The agreement included development rights for franchise locations in the states of Colorado, Arizona, and Kansas.", "Good Times (Chic song) \"Good Times\" is a song by American R&B band Chic from their third album \"Risqu\u00e9\" (1979). The disco song, ranked No. 229 on \"Rolling Stone\"s list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, has become one of the most sampled tunes in music history, most notably in hip hop music. The lyrics include a reference to Milton Ager's \"Happy Days Are Here Again\". It also contains lines based on lyrics featured in \"About a Quarter to Nine\" made famous by Al Jolson. Nile Rodgers has stated that these Great Depression-era lyrics were used as a hidden way to comment on the then-current economic conditions in the United States. In a 2015 interview Rodgers stated that \"Good Times\" was partly inspired by the 1974 Kool & The Gang song \"Hollywood Swinging\". In August 1979, it became the band's second number-one single on both the pop and soul chart. Along with the songs \"My Forbidden Lover\" and \"My Feet Keep Dancing\", \"Good Times\" reached #3 on the disco chart. It reportedly sold more than 5 million copies, making it, at the time, the best-selling 45 rpm single in the history of Atlantic Records. \"Billboard\" magazine named \"Good Times\" the number one soul single of 1979. 7\" vinyl single 12\" vinyl single Promo 12\" vinyl single   \"Good Times\" was covered by Australian musicians Disco Montego, Selwyn, Katie Underwood, Peta Morris and Jeremy Gregory and released in November 2002. It was released as part of Australia's largest pop music festival \"Rumba\" which took place in November and December 2002, across Australia. The song peaked at number 52 on the ARIA Singles Chart in December 2002 in its sixth week. CD single", "Good Times (newspaper) Good Times is a free-circulation weekly newspaper based in Santa Cruz, California. \" Good Times\" is distributed in Santa Cruz County, a coastal area that includes Capitola, Rio del Mar, Aptos and Watsonville. It is owned by the Northern California-based Metro Newspapers. Dan Pulcrano is the CEO and executive editor. \"Good Times\" was founded in 1975 by Jay Shore, who remained its owner/operator and editor for 13 years. Shore established \"Good Times\" amidst a proliferation in the 1970s of short-lived free counterculture newspapers in Santa Cruz County that included \"The Free Spaghetti Dinner\", \"Sundaz!\", \"Santa Cruz Times\", \"People\u2019s Press\" and the \"Santa Cruz Independent\". In 1988, Shore sold the paper to Independent Newspapers of New Zealand, part of Rupert Murdoch\u2019s group of holdings, a year before much of downtown Santa Cruz was destroyed in the Loma Prieta earthquake. In 1998, Independent Newspapers sold \"Good Times\" to Central Valley Publishing, later renamed Pacific-Sierra Publishing. In 2003, Pacific-Sierra head Anthony Allegretti lead a buyout to form a new company, MainStreet Media Group. In 2014, New England-based Brookside Capital sold \"Good Times.\" to Metro Newspapers, which owned the competing \"Santa Cruz Weekly\", returning the publication to local ownership for the first time since the 1980s. The \"Santa Cruz Weekly\", which began as \"Metro Santa Cruz\" in 1994, combined operations with \"Good Times\" following the purchase. On the eve of the sale, former \"Good Times\" publisher Ron Slack complained about the lack of investment in the product by its former owners, saying \"Good Times\" didn't get much support from its corporate parent in upgrades in equipment and software.", "Good Times Roll \"Good Times Roll\" is a song by American rock band the Cars released as the first track from their 1978 debut album \"The Cars\". Written by Ric Ocasek as a sarcastic comment on rock's idea of good times, the song features layered harmonies courtesy of producer Roy Thomas Baker. \"Good Times Roll\" was released as the third single from the album in 1979, charting at number 41 in the United States. It has since received positive critical reception and has appeared on many of the Cars' compilation albums. Written and sung by Cars lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Ric Ocasek, \"Good Times Roll\" was released as the third single from the band's debut album. Ocasek wrote the song as a sarcastic commentary on the good times in rock music, saying, \"That was my song about what the good times in rock 'n' roll really mean, instead of what they're supposed to be. It was kind of a parody of good times, really. It was kinda like not about good times at all.\" \"Good Times Roll,\" like the rest of the album, was produced by Roy Thomas Baker, who was responsible for the recording's layered harmonies. Ocasek recalled, \"I just remember when we did 'Good Times Roll' in the studio in England on the first record, and we heard back the vocals. I told Roy that I thought it was way, way too much. ... But you know, it grew on me later and it sounded so smooth. It was a nice process to do it because Roy, you know, was fortunate enough to have a 40-track machine ... so he could do layering of vocals a lot. \" The song begins with electronic drums and a guitar riff, soon joined by Ocasek's lead vocals and synthesizers by keyboardist Greg Hawkes.", "The longer version of the Good Times warning contained descriptions of what Good Times was supposedly capable of doing to computers. In addition to sending itself to every email address in a recipient's received or sent mail, the Good Times virus caused a wide variety of other nasty things to happen. For example, one version said that if an infected computer contained a hard drive, it could be destroyed. If Good Times was not stopped in time, an infected computer would enter an \"nth-complexity infinite binary loop\" (a meaningless term), damaging the processor. The \"ASCII\" buffer email described the mechanism of Good Times as a buffer overflow. A number of computer virus hoaxes appeared in the wake of Good Times. These messages were similar in form to Good Times, warning users not to open messages bearing particular subject lines. Subject lines mentioned in these emails include \"Penpal greetings,\" \"Free Money,\" \"Deeyenda,\" \"Invitation,\", and \"Win a Holiday.\" The Bad Times computer virus warning is generally considered to be a spoof of the Good Times warning. Developments in mail systems, such as Microsoft Outlook, without sufficient thought for security implications, made viruses that indeed propagate themselves via email possible. Notable examples include the Melissa worm, the ILOVEYOU virus, and the Anna Kournikova virus. In some cases, a user must open a document or program contained in an email message in order to spread the virus; in others, notably the Kak worm, merely opening or previewing an email message itself will trigger the virus. Some e-mail viruses written after the Good Times scare contained text announcing that \"This virus is called 'Good Times,'\" presumably hoping to gain kudos amongst other virus writers by appearing to have created a worldwide scare."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Were Nitty Gritty Dirt Band on tour in 1969", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during this time period", "answer": {"text": "the band recorded and released Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy,", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Uncle Charlie and his Dog Teddy a hit?", "answer": {"text": "Their version of \"Mr. Bojangles\" became the group's first hit, peaking at #9 on Billboard's all genre Hot 100 chart,", "answer_start": 625, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other singles off this album that were hits", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any other albums during this time?", "answer": {"text": "The next album, All The Good Times, released during early 1972, had a similar style.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#0", "question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "rewrite": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org", "Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:", "This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP).", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020.", "Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins."], "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#1", "question": "Where was she born?", "rewrite": "Where was Rosalind Franklin born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org", "Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020.", "This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP).", "Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins."], "answer": {"text": "50 Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill, London,", "answer_start": 37}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#2", "question": "Did she have any hobbies?", "rewrite": "Did Rosalind Franklin have any hobbies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org", "This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP).", "Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins.", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020.", "Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:"], "answer": {"text": "Rosalind is alarmingly clever - she spends all her time doing arithmetic for pleasure, and invariably gets her sums right.", "answer_start": 524}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she born?", "answer": {"text": "50 Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill, London,", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#3", "question": "She did this as a child?", "rewrite": "Rosalind Franklin did arithmetic for pleasure as a child?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP).", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020.", "Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:", "The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org", "Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins."], "answer": {"text": "At age six,", "answer_start": 342}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she born?", "answer": {"text": "50 Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill, London,", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any hobbies?", "answer": {"text": "Rosalind is alarmingly clever - she spends all her time doing arithmetic for pleasure, and invariably gets her sums right.", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#4", "question": "Was her IQ ever tested?", "rewrite": "Was Rosalind Franklin's IQ ever tested?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:", "Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins.", "This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP).", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020.", "The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she born?", "answer": {"text": "50 Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill, London,", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any hobbies?", "answer": {"text": "Rosalind is alarmingly clever - she spends all her time doing arithmetic for pleasure, and invariably gets her sums right.", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "She did this as a child?", "answer": {"text": "At age six,", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#5", "question": "Did she start college right after highschool?", "rewrite": "Did Rosalind Franklin start college right after high school?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP).", "Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins.", "Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020.", "The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org"], "answer": {"text": "With six distinctions, she passed her matriculation in 1938, winning a scholarship for university,", "answer_start": 1454}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she born?", "answer": {"text": "50 Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill, London,", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any hobbies?", "answer": {"text": "Rosalind is alarmingly clever - she spends all her time doing arithmetic for pleasure, and invariably gets her sums right.", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "She did this as a child?", "answer": {"text": "At age six,", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was her IQ ever tested?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#6", "question": "What was her dream job?", "rewrite": "What was Rosalind Franklin's dream job?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP).", "Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:", "The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org", "Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins.", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she born?", "answer": {"text": "50 Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill, London,", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any hobbies?", "answer": {"text": "Rosalind is alarmingly clever - she spends all her time doing arithmetic for pleasure, and invariably gets her sums right.", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "She did this as a child?", "answer": {"text": "At age six,", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was her IQ ever tested?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she start college right after highschool?", "answer": {"text": "With six distinctions, she passed her matriculation in 1938, winning a scholarship for university,", "answer_start": 1454, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_145dfae88a7144ceb9aa67cc28dcccd4_1_q#7", "question": "What did she want to do as a child?", "rewrite": "What did Rosalind Franklin want to do as a child?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rosalind Franklin and DNA Rosalind Franklin and DNA is a biography of an English chemist Rosalind Franklin (1920\u20131958) written by her American friend Anne Sayre in 1975. Franklin was a physical chemist who made pivotal research in the discovery of the structure of DNA, known as \"the most important discovery\" in biology. DNA itself had become \"life's most famous molecule\". While working at the King's College London in 1951, she discovered two types of DNA called A-DNA and B-DNA. Her X-ray images of DNA indicated helical structure. Her X-ray image of B-DNA (called Photo 51) taken in 1952 became the best evidence for the structure of DNA. For the discovery of the correct chemical structure of DNA, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was shared by her colleagues and close researchers James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins; she died four years earlier in 1958 making her ineligible for the award. Rosalind Franklin joined King's College London in January 1951 to work on the crystallography of DNA. By the end of that year, she established two important facts: one is that phosphate groups, which are the molecular backbone for the nucleotide chains, lie on the outside (it was a general consensus at the time that they were at the inside); and the other is that DNA exists in two forms, a crystalline (dry form) A-DNA and a hydrated (wet form) B-DNA. With her PhD student Raymond Gosling, she produced a series of X-ray images of DNA. The photograph (number 51, hence, popularised as Photo 51) of B-DNA taken in May 1952 was especially crucial. X-ray crystallography did not immediately show the precise helical structure. Franklin chose to work on A-DNA, while B-DNA was given to Maurice Wilkins.", "Rosalind Franklin Award The Royal Society Rosalind Franklin Award was established in 2003 and is awarded annually by the Royal Society to a woman for an outstanding work in any field of Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). It is named in honour of Rosalind Franklin and initially funded by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) and subsequently the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) as part of its efforts to promote women in STEM. Women are a significantly underrepresented group in STEM making up less than 9% of the United Kingdom's full-time and part-time Professors in Science. The award consists of a medal and a grant of \u00a330,000, and the recipient delivers a lecture as part of the Society's public lecture series, some of which are available on YouTube. the Rosalind Franklin award committee (which takes the decision on the prize each year) includes:", "Rosalind Franklin (rover) Rosalind Franklin, previously known as the ExoMars rover, is a planned robotic Mars rover, part of the international ExoMars programme led by the European Space Agency and the Russian Roscosmos State Corporation. Scheduled to launch in July 2020, the plan calls for a Russian launch vehicle, an ESA carrier module, and a Russian lander named \"Kazachok\", that will deploy the rover to Mars' surface. Once safely landed, the solar powered rover will begin a seven-month (218-sol) mission to search for the existence of past life on Mars. The Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO), launched in 2016, will operate as \"Rosalind Franklin\"s and lander's data-relay satellite. The rover is named after English chemist and DNA pioneer, Rosalind Franklin. The \"Rosalind Franklin\" rover is an autonomous six-wheeled terrain vehicle with mass approximately , about 60% more than NASA's 2004 Mars Exploration Rovers \"Spirit\" and \"Opportunity\", but about one third that of NASA's \"Curiosity\" rover launched in 2011. ESA returned to this original Rover design after NASA descoped its involvement in a joint Rover mission, studied 2009-2012. The Rover will carry a sub-surface sampling drill and Analytical Laboratory Drawer (ALD), supporting the nine 'Pasteur payload' science instruments. The Rover will search for biomolecules or biosignatures from past life. The lead builder of the rover, the British division of Airbus Defence and Space, began procuring critical components in March 2014. In December 2014, ESA member states approved the funding for the rover, to be sent on the second launch in 2018, but insufficient funds had already started to threaten a launch delay until 2020.", "The Rosalind Franklin Society The Rosalind Franklin Society was started by Mary Ann Liebert, a staunch supporter of women in science, to  provide support for female scientists. The Mission To support and showcase the careers of eminent women and minorities in science Annual Meeting The Society holds an annual meeting in November where eminent scientists come together to discuss the roadblocks that women face in the STEM fields and try to implement change. This year's meeting will be held on November 20-21, 2019 at The Wistar Institute in Philadelphia. Speakers include   \u2022 Susan Solomon, New York Stem Cell Foundation The day of talks will be followed by a reception and presentation of Wistar's Women in Science Program,  featuring Kathrin Jansen PhD, Sr. Vice President at Pfizer, a leader in the development of the HPV vaccine. Register at https://rosalindfranklinsociety.org. The Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology The Society also gives an annual award, presented each year at the Biotechnology Innovation Organization\u2019s World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Agtech. This year's winner was Reshma Shetty, PhD, co-founder of Ginkgo Bioworks. Previous Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology have been presented to:   An article written about this year's winner:  Ginkgo Bioworks Co-Founder Honored with Rosalind Franklin Award Leadership President: Rita R. Colwell, PhD University of Maryland College Park and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Executive Director: Karla Shepard Rubinger Contact Rosalind Franklin Society 140 Huguenot Street New Rochelle, New York 10801 914 740-2153 (direct) 914 740-2101 (fax) www.rosalindfranklinsociety.org", "This group produced many key works in the literature, becoming amongst the first podiatrists to be published in JAMA and the Lancet. Armstrong also became the first tenured podiatrist in the history of Rosalind Franklin University and the Scholl College. Armstrong, responding to his love of the Desert Southwest, the rampant diabetic epidemic there, and his long-standing friendship with renowned vascular surgeon Professor Joseph Mills, was recruited again to Tucson and the University of Arizona. It was there he founded, with Mills, the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA). This program serves as a model for interdisciplinary care, worldwide. It was also here that Armstrong and Mills coined the term the \u201cToe and Flow\u201d team. This implies the \u201cirreducible minimum\u201d requirements for a foot specialist and a vascular specialist in order to run a successful amputation prevention service. As with Rosalind Franklin University, at the University of Arizona, he became the first ever podiatrist to be appointed as a tenured professor. It was also here that his interests in a merger between consumer electronics and health care began to flourish. He and Mills became the first surgeons to document a real-time surgical consultation via iPhone's FaceTime with their colleague (and Armstrong's former fellow), Lee C. Rogers. The SALSA vision for merging man and machine was further outlined in his UA College of Science Lecture \"Repair, Regeneration and Replacement Revisited\". In 2012, Armstrong recruited Dr. Bijan Najafi from Rosalind Franklin University to help lead a mobile health program to, as he put it, \"measure how we all move through and interact with our world\". Dr. Najafi, previously at Rosalind Franklin University and Harvard, embarked on development of a broad-based program called the Interdisciplinary Consortium on Advanced Motion Performance (iCAMP)."], "answer": {"text": "She was eleven when she went to St Paul's Girls' School, West London, one of the few girls' schools in London that taught physics and chemistry.", "answer_start": 895}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Rosalind Franklin born?", "answer": {"text": "25 July 1920", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she born?", "answer": {"text": "50 Chepstow Villas, Notting Hill, London,", "answer_start": 37, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any hobbies?", "answer": {"text": "Rosalind is alarmingly clever - she spends all her time doing arithmetic for pleasure, and invariably gets her sums right.", "answer_start": 524, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "She did this as a child?", "answer": {"text": "At age six,", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was her IQ ever tested?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she start college right after highschool?", "answer": {"text": "With six distinctions, she passed her matriculation in 1938, winning a scholarship for university,", "answer_start": 1454, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was her dream job?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#0", "question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "rewrite": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stay with Me (Billie Holiday album) Stay with Me (MGV 8302) is an album by jazz singer Billie Holiday accompanied by Tony Scott and his Orchestra. It contains all the material from a session recorded February 14, 1955, in New York City, and released in 1958 on producer Norman Granz' Verve label. For the CD reissue in 1991 another session was appended, that Granz had previously issued as part of the self-titled \"Billie Holiday\" LP on his Clef Record label (10\" LP, Clef EPC 224 /Verve MGC 690). The recording from April 14, 1954 at the same studio with \"Billie Holliday and Her Band\" consisted of the Oscar Peterson Trio, Ed Shaughnessy on drums, and trumpeter Charlie Shavers as the only members of both sessions beside Holiday. Beyond that all tracks were part of many compilations and the complete recording issues of Billie Holiday. Billie Holiday with Tony Scott and his Orchestra Billie Holiday and Her Band", "An Evening with Billie Holiday An Evening with Billie Holiday (MG C-144) is the second 10 inch LP studio album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, released by Clef Records in 1953. In 1956, when the 10inch format was phased out, the album was reissued by Clef with the same artwork, and seven of the eight tracks, as a twelve-inch LP called A Recital By Billie Holiday (MG C-686). The track \"Tenderly\", was moved to another 12 inch compilation called \"Solitude\". Five additional tracks were added that had been previously released on her third 10\"LP, simply titled \"Billie Holiday\". \"The personnel of the original 10\"LP are from two different recording dates, with different musicians. The 12\" LP adds one track from each of the two sessions, as well as three tracks from a 1954 session.\" April, 1952 Personnel (exact date unknown) <br>(\"Evening\" tracks B3-4; \"Recital\" tracks A1-A3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Charlie Shavers - Trumpet <br>Flip Phillips - Tenor Saxophone <br> Oscar Peterson - Piano < br>Barney Kessel - Guitar < br>Alvin Stoller - Drums < br >Ray Brown - Bass <br> July 27, 1952 Personnel < br>(\"Evening\" tracks A1-B2; \"Recital\" tracks A4-6, B1-3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Joe Newman - Trumpet <br>Paul Quinichette - Tenor Saxophone <br>Oscar Peterson - Piano (Organ on \"Yesterdays\") <br>Freddie Green - Guitar <br>Gus Johnson - Drums <br>Ray Brown - Bass <br> April 14, 1954 Recordings <br> (\"Recital\" tracks B4-6) <br>", "Last Recording Last Recording, originally titled \"Billie Holiday\" before her death, is the last album of Billie Holiday released in 1959, five years after the original album titled \"Billie Holiday\" was released. After the success of her album, \"Lady in Satin\" (1958), Billie Holiday wanted to record another album with arranger Ray Ellis. Ellis had switched from Columbia to MGM, so Billie switched labels also to avoid breaching her contract with Columbia. When she returned to the studio in March 1959, jazz critic and friend of Holiday's Leonard Feather, said Holiday \"walked into the studio statuesque and sharp as ever.\" Unlike \"Lady in Satin\", \"Billie Holiday\" had a lighter string orchestra, minus the choir, and more horns, including a saxophone and a more jazz like feeling. It also demand less fanfare. Songs like \"All of You\", \"' Deed I Do\", and \"Baby Won't You Please Come Home \" have a lighter and happier tempo and do not include strings. Holiday told Ellis she wanted to \u201csound like Sinatra\u201d on this album; but she was in such poor health from years of difficulty and substance abuse that a nurse sometimes had to help keep her propped up on a high stool as she sang. During the time of recording \"Billie Holiday\", Holiday's health was taking its toll. Some say that she did not look like herself at all, and looked like a ghost of what she once was. In the song \"There'll Be Some Changes Made\", Holiday replaces the name Jack Benny in the lyric \"\"Even Jack Benny has been changin' his jokes\"\" to Frank Sinatra, her jazz friend. The album was completed on March 11, 1959. Four days later, Billie Holiday's lifelong friend and music partner Lester Young died on March 15, 1959.", "Billie Holiday at JATP Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic (MG C-169) is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, originally recorded on February 12, 1945 and October 3, 1946 at the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and at Carnegie Hall on June 3, 1946. Jazz at the Philharmonic, or JATP, was the title of a series of jazz concerts, tours and recordings produced by Norman Granz from 1944 through 1983. Billie Holiday would go on to perform at Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts numerous times, even joining the troupe in 1954. The liner notes on the original LP quote a review from Down Beat, praising the album: \"These were recorded at a JATP concert in LA in 1946, and never again will Billie sound this wonderful. The years that have passed since then have taken their toll on the great stylist, but this all happened on a night when she had everything, and you don't find this LP to be one of the most emotional half-hours you've ever spent, there's something wrong. (...) Certainly one of the outstanding records in years.\" \"Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic\" was originally released as a 10 inch LP in 1954, her fourth LP for Norman Granz's Clef label. After the 10 inch form was discontinued, the 8 tracks would be rereleased as parts of various compilations. Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Lester Young, tenor sax <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br> George Auld, alto sax <br>Buck Clayton, trumpet <br>Ken Kersey, piano <br>Tiny Grimes, guitar <br> JC Heard, drums <br>Al McKibbon, bass Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br>Trummy Young, trombone", "Becoming Billie Holiday Becoming Billie Holiday is a 2008 book of poetry for young readers by American poet and author Carole Boston Weatherford and illustrated by Floyd Cooper, originally published by Wordsong. It won an honorary Coretta Scott King Award in 2009. Through a series of poems, Weatherford outlines the evolution from Eleanora Fagan to renowned singer Billie Holiday. Told from Billie's own perspective, she muses on the first 25 years of her life. Most poems are titled after actual Billie Holiday songs. The book starts with poems about her young life. Detailing events like her father's abandonment, her tomboyish attitude, and her time spent in an orphanage with nuns. It continues into her adolescence with poems about her first gig singing jazz, deciding to change her name, and her many relationships with men. Weatherford's book ends with Holiday's rising fame and the tension of racism in the United States. The last poem illustrates Holiday's memorable performance at the Caf\u00e9 Society, singing the song \"Strange Fruit. \" At the end of the book, there are pages giving information for further reading and biographies of others mentioned in the poems. In the book's afterword, Weatherford talks about her childhood listening to jazz music with her father. As a teenager, she started listening to more popular music at the time until she watched the film \"Lady Sings the Blues\" in 1972. From then on, she was listening to and collecting Holiday's music all the time. Weatherford related to much of Holiday's life: a shared hometown of Baltimore, a difficult love life, and navigating the realities of racism. Before writing the poems, the author would listen to early Billie Holiday songs for weeks. For the factual parts of the story, Weatherford referenced oral histories and Holiday's autobiography."], "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#1", "question": "what else did they do?", "rewrite": "Besides performing at clubs, what else Hollan do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Werner Ehrensperger Werner Ehrensperger (born 10 March 1940) is a Swiss coxswain. Ehrensperger was born in 1940 in Lucerne, Switzerland. At the 1957 European Rowing Championships in Duisburg, Ehrensperger won a bronze medal in the coxed four event. At the 1958 European Rowing Championships in Pozna\u0144, Ehrensperger won a bronze medal in the coxed pair event with Gottfried Kottmann and Rolf Streuli. He competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome with the men's eight where they were eliminated in the round one repechage. He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo with the coxed pair with Hugo and Adolf Waser, and they came eleventh.", "Another GUI environment of the 70's which used the zooming idea was Smalltalk at Xerox Parc, which had infinite \"desktops\" (only later coined as such by Apple Computer), that could be zoomed in upon from a birds eye view after the user had recognized a miniature of the window setup for the project. The longest running effort to create a ZUI has been the Pad++ project started by Ken Perlin, Jim Hollan, and Ben Bederson at New York University and continued at the University of New Mexico under Hollan's direction. After Pad++, Bederson developed Jazz, then Piccolo, and now Piccolo2D at the University of Maryland, College Park, which is maintained in Java and C#. More recent ZUI efforts include Archy by the late Jef Raskin, ZVTM developed at INRIA (which uses the Sigma lens technique), and the simple ZUI of the Squeak Smalltalk programming environment and language. The term ZUI itself was coined by Franklin Servan-Schreiber and Tom Grauman while they worked together at the Sony Research Laboratories. They were developing the first Zooming User Interface library based on Java 1.0, in partnership with Prof. Ben Bederson, University of New Mexico, and Prof. Ken Perlin, New York University. GeoPhoenix, a Cambridge, MA, startup associated with the MIT Media Lab, founded by Julian Orbanes, Adriana Guzman, Max Riesenhuber, released the first mass-marketed commercial Zoomspace in 2002-3 on the Sony CLI\u00c9 PDA handheld, with Ken Miura of Sony In 2006, Hillcrest Labs introduced the HoME television navigation system, the first graphical, zooming interface for television.", "Person-centered ethnography Person-centered ethnography is an approach within psychological anthropology that draws on techniques and theories from psychiatry and psychoanalysis to understand how individuals relate to and interact with their sociocultural context. The term was first used by Robert I. Levy, a psychoanalytically trained psychiatrist, to describe his psychodynamically informed approach to interviewing during his anthropological fieldwork in Tahiti and Nepal. A key distinction in person-centered interviewing is that between interviewees as \"informants\" and as \"respondents\". As Levy and Hollan describe it, There is a significant difference between asking a Tahitian interviewee something like \"Please describe for me exactly how and why supercision (a penis-mutilating rite of passage) is done by Tahitians,\" and asking him \"Can you tell me about \"your\" supercision?\"...\"Did it change your life in any way?\" \"How?\" \"What did you think and feel about it then?\" \"What do you think and feel about it now?\" The first question engages interviewees as typical ethnographic informants, asking them to describe features of their culture or social system; the latter questions ask much more directly about their own experiences, feelings, hopes, and desires, as well as changes in these over time. Not surprisingly, asking about these more intimate topics generally requires much longer acquaintance with an interviewee than do questions about more publicly available knowledge. Levy and Hollan note that person-centered interviewing makes use of both modes and tacks back and forth between them; its difference from most methods of ethnographic interviewing lies in its emphasis on the latter and its concern with understanding how individuals relate to, experience, and understand their larger sociocultural context.", "James D. Hollan James D. Hollan is professor of cognitive science and adjunct professor of computer science at the University of California, San Diego. In collaboration with Professor Edwin Hutchins, he directs the Distributed Cognition and Human\u2013Computer Interaction Laboratory at UCSD, and co-directs the Design Lab. Hollan has also spent time working at Xerox PARC and at Bellcore. He was elected to the CHI Academy in 2003 and received the ACM SIGCHI Lifetime Research Award in 2015. His research explores the cognitive consequences of computationally based media. The goal is to understand the cognitive and computational characteristics of dynamic interactive representations as the basis for effective system design. His current work focuses on cognitive ethnography, computer-mediated communication, distributed cognition, human\u2013computer interaction, information visualization, multiscale software, and tools for analysis of video data. His current research is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Intel, Nissan, and the University of California's Digital Media Innovation program. Recently completed research has been funded by Darpa, Intel, NSF, and Sony. After completing a PhD in cognitive psychology at the University of Florida and a postdoctoral fellowship in artificial intelligence at Stanford University, Hollan was on the research faculty at the University of California, San Diego for a decade. Along with Edwin Hutchins and Donald Norman, he led the Intelligent Systems Group in the Institute for Cognitive Science at UCSD and the Future Technologies Group at NPRDC. Hollan left UCSD to become Director of the MCC Human Interface Laboratory and subsequently established the Computer Graphics and Interactive Media Research Group at Bellcore. In 1993, he moved to the University of New Mexico as Chair of the Computer Science Department. In 1997, Hollan returned to UCSD as Professor of Cognitive Science.", "Pig (1998 film) Pig is a 1998 experimental, psychological horror, short silent film directed by underground film maker Nico B. and co-directed by deathrock pioneer Rozz Williams. The film stars Rozz Williams and James Hollan and was produced by Nico B. It was distributed by the CAV Distributing company in South San Francisco and produced by the studios Open Eye Productions and Cult Epics. (The latter of which Nico B. is the founder and owner.) Running about 23 minutes, \"Pig\" is a disjointed, heavily stylized and minimalistic film depicting a serial killer (Williams) journeying out to an abandoned house in Death Valley where he proceeds to ritualistically murder an unidentified man (Hollan). The film details their unspoken relationship through sadomasochism and symbolism. \"Pig\" opens with the scene of the black-garbed killer preparing to disembark from a small house. The individual places several items into a brief case, appearing among them a deck of cards, a notebook, and a copy of the children's novel \"Mr. Pig and Sonny Too\" \u2014 an actual publication written in 1977 by the American author Lillian Hoban. The individual closes up his brief case, standing upright and turning to reveal on camera the bleeding, half-naked body of another man lying prostrate on the floor. The living man kicks aside the corpse of the dead one and continues downstairs, placing his belongings into a black car and driving away along a deserted road. The driver continues through the outstretched desert with power lines lining the side of the dirt trail. His vehicle passes an outcrop of rocks with an inscription painted on its face. Although perhaps being unintelligible, it appears to read either as \"ELLE\" or \"ELLIE\". Another sign crops up immediately after, written in black, reading Dead Man"], "answer": {"text": "As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill,", "answer_start": 663}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#2", "question": "what music did she produce?", "rewrite": "What music did Billie Holiday produce?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billie Holiday at JATP Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic (MG C-169) is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, originally recorded on February 12, 1945 and October 3, 1946 at the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and at Carnegie Hall on June 3, 1946. Jazz at the Philharmonic, or JATP, was the title of a series of jazz concerts, tours and recordings produced by Norman Granz from 1944 through 1983. Billie Holiday would go on to perform at Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts numerous times, even joining the troupe in 1954. The liner notes on the original LP quote a review from Down Beat, praising the album: \"These were recorded at a JATP concert in LA in 1946, and never again will Billie sound this wonderful. The years that have passed since then have taken their toll on the great stylist, but this all happened on a night when she had everything, and you don't find this LP to be one of the most emotional half-hours you've ever spent, there's something wrong. (...) Certainly one of the outstanding records in years.\" \"Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic\" was originally released as a 10 inch LP in 1954, her fourth LP for Norman Granz's Clef label. After the 10 inch form was discontinued, the 8 tracks would be rereleased as parts of various compilations. Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Lester Young, tenor sax <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br> George Auld, alto sax <br>Buck Clayton, trumpet <br>Ken Kersey, piano <br>Tiny Grimes, guitar <br> JC Heard, drums <br>Al McKibbon, bass Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br>Trummy Young, trombone", "Becoming Billie Holiday Becoming Billie Holiday is a 2008 book of poetry for young readers by American poet and author Carole Boston Weatherford and illustrated by Floyd Cooper, originally published by Wordsong. It won an honorary Coretta Scott King Award in 2009. Through a series of poems, Weatherford outlines the evolution from Eleanora Fagan to renowned singer Billie Holiday. Told from Billie's own perspective, she muses on the first 25 years of her life. Most poems are titled after actual Billie Holiday songs. The book starts with poems about her young life. Detailing events like her father's abandonment, her tomboyish attitude, and her time spent in an orphanage with nuns. It continues into her adolescence with poems about her first gig singing jazz, deciding to change her name, and her many relationships with men. Weatherford's book ends with Holiday's rising fame and the tension of racism in the United States. The last poem illustrates Holiday's memorable performance at the Caf\u00e9 Society, singing the song \"Strange Fruit. \" At the end of the book, there are pages giving information for further reading and biographies of others mentioned in the poems. In the book's afterword, Weatherford talks about her childhood listening to jazz music with her father. As a teenager, she started listening to more popular music at the time until she watched the film \"Lady Sings the Blues\" in 1972. From then on, she was listening to and collecting Holiday's music all the time. Weatherford related to much of Holiday's life: a shared hometown of Baltimore, a difficult love life, and navigating the realities of racism. Before writing the poems, the author would listen to early Billie Holiday songs for weeks. For the factual parts of the story, Weatherford referenced oral histories and Holiday's autobiography.", "Last Recording Last Recording, originally titled \"Billie Holiday\" before her death, is the last album of Billie Holiday released in 1959, five years after the original album titled \"Billie Holiday\" was released. After the success of her album, \"Lady in Satin\" (1958), Billie Holiday wanted to record another album with arranger Ray Ellis. Ellis had switched from Columbia to MGM, so Billie switched labels also to avoid breaching her contract with Columbia. When she returned to the studio in March 1959, jazz critic and friend of Holiday's Leonard Feather, said Holiday \"walked into the studio statuesque and sharp as ever.\" Unlike \"Lady in Satin\", \"Billie Holiday\" had a lighter string orchestra, minus the choir, and more horns, including a saxophone and a more jazz like feeling. It also demand less fanfare. Songs like \"All of You\", \"' Deed I Do\", and \"Baby Won't You Please Come Home \" have a lighter and happier tempo and do not include strings. Holiday told Ellis she wanted to \u201csound like Sinatra\u201d on this album; but she was in such poor health from years of difficulty and substance abuse that a nurse sometimes had to help keep her propped up on a high stool as she sang. During the time of recording \"Billie Holiday\", Holiday's health was taking its toll. Some say that she did not look like herself at all, and looked like a ghost of what she once was. In the song \"There'll Be Some Changes Made\", Holiday replaces the name Jack Benny in the lyric \"\"Even Jack Benny has been changin' his jokes\"\" to Frank Sinatra, her jazz friend. The album was completed on March 11, 1959. Four days later, Billie Holiday's lifelong friend and music partner Lester Young died on March 15, 1959.", "Stay with Me (Billie Holiday album) Stay with Me (MGV 8302) is an album by jazz singer Billie Holiday accompanied by Tony Scott and his Orchestra. It contains all the material from a session recorded February 14, 1955, in New York City, and released in 1958 on producer Norman Granz' Verve label. For the CD reissue in 1991 another session was appended, that Granz had previously issued as part of the self-titled \"Billie Holiday\" LP on his Clef Record label (10\" LP, Clef EPC 224 /Verve MGC 690). The recording from April 14, 1954 at the same studio with \"Billie Holliday and Her Band\" consisted of the Oscar Peterson Trio, Ed Shaughnessy on drums, and trumpeter Charlie Shavers as the only members of both sessions beside Holiday. Beyond that all tracks were part of many compilations and the complete recording issues of Billie Holiday. Billie Holiday with Tony Scott and his Orchestra Billie Holiday and Her Band", "An Evening with Billie Holiday An Evening with Billie Holiday (MG C-144) is the second 10 inch LP studio album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, released by Clef Records in 1953. In 1956, when the 10inch format was phased out, the album was reissued by Clef with the same artwork, and seven of the eight tracks, as a twelve-inch LP called A Recital By Billie Holiday (MG C-686). The track \"Tenderly\", was moved to another 12 inch compilation called \"Solitude\". Five additional tracks were added that had been previously released on her third 10\"LP, simply titled \"Billie Holiday\". \"The personnel of the original 10\"LP are from two different recording dates, with different musicians. The 12\" LP adds one track from each of the two sessions, as well as three tracks from a 1954 session.\" April, 1952 Personnel (exact date unknown) <br>(\"Evening\" tracks B3-4; \"Recital\" tracks A1-A3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Charlie Shavers - Trumpet <br>Flip Phillips - Tenor Saxophone <br> Oscar Peterson - Piano < br>Barney Kessel - Guitar < br>Alvin Stoller - Drums < br >Ray Brown - Bass <br> July 27, 1952 Personnel < br>(\"Evening\" tracks A1-B2; \"Recital\" tracks A4-6, B1-3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Joe Newman - Trumpet <br>Paul Quinichette - Tenor Saxophone <br>Oscar Peterson - Piano (Organ on \"Yesterdays\") <br>Freddie Green - Guitar <br>Gus Johnson - Drums <br>Ray Brown - Bass <br> April 14, 1954 Recordings <br> (\"Recital\" tracks B4-6) <br>"], "answer": {"text": "Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933,", "answer_start": 1187}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did they do?", "answer": {"text": "As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#3", "question": "what did she record?", "rewrite": "What did Billie Holiday record at her recording debut?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Complete Commodore &amp; Decca Masters The Complete Commodore & Decca Masters is a 3CD box set of recordings by Billie Holiday, released by Hip-O Records in 2009, compiling all the master takes released as 78rpm singles by Commodore and Decca Records. It includes an essay by Ashley Kahn. In 1939, Columbia Records refused to let Billie Holiday record the anti-lynching protest song \"Strange Fruit\". Milt Gabler invited her to record it for his small specialty label Commodore Records, and Columbia granted her a one-time exemption from her contract to do so, in which she recorded four songs (material for two 78rpm records). \" Strange Fruit\", backed with \"Fine and Mellow\", turned out to be the biggest selling record of her career. Although she continued to record for Columbia, in 1944, following the musicians' strike recording ban, Holiday permanently left Columbia for Commodore. Small labels like Commodore had been quicker to settle with the musician's union than large labels like Columbia, thus Holiday was able to return to recording quicker by switching to the smaller label. The Commodore tracks were more dominated by torch songs and dramatic ballads than her swing oriented Columbia material had been, although her later Columbia sides (e.g. \"God Bless the Child\") show she had already been evolving in this direction. Later the same year, Holiday then followed Gabler to Decca Records, to record \"Lover Man\". Decca had allowed Gabler to keep his own label, while also being employed by them, so long as he directed all potential hits to Decca. Both Holiday and Gabler suspected \"Lover Man\" had the potential to be a hit, thus it became her first Decca single, and indeed another of her biggest hits. \"", "Last Recording Last Recording, originally titled \"Billie Holiday\" before her death, is the last album of Billie Holiday released in 1959, five years after the original album titled \"Billie Holiday\" was released. After the success of her album, \"Lady in Satin\" (1958), Billie Holiday wanted to record another album with arranger Ray Ellis. Ellis had switched from Columbia to MGM, so Billie switched labels also to avoid breaching her contract with Columbia. When she returned to the studio in March 1959, jazz critic and friend of Holiday's Leonard Feather, said Holiday \"walked into the studio statuesque and sharp as ever.\" Unlike \"Lady in Satin\", \"Billie Holiday\" had a lighter string orchestra, minus the choir, and more horns, including a saxophone and a more jazz like feeling. It also demand less fanfare. Songs like \"All of You\", \"' Deed I Do\", and \"Baby Won't You Please Come Home \" have a lighter and happier tempo and do not include strings. Holiday told Ellis she wanted to \u201csound like Sinatra\u201d on this album; but she was in such poor health from years of difficulty and substance abuse that a nurse sometimes had to help keep her propped up on a high stool as she sang. During the time of recording \"Billie Holiday\", Holiday's health was taking its toll. Some say that she did not look like herself at all, and looked like a ghost of what she once was. In the song \"There'll Be Some Changes Made\", Holiday replaces the name Jack Benny in the lyric \"\"Even Jack Benny has been changin' his jokes\"\" to Frank Sinatra, her jazz friend. The album was completed on March 11, 1959. Four days later, Billie Holiday's lifelong friend and music partner Lester Young died on March 15, 1959.", "Billie Holiday at JATP Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic (MG C-169) is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, originally recorded on February 12, 1945 and October 3, 1946 at the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and at Carnegie Hall on June 3, 1946. Jazz at the Philharmonic, or JATP, was the title of a series of jazz concerts, tours and recordings produced by Norman Granz from 1944 through 1983. Billie Holiday would go on to perform at Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts numerous times, even joining the troupe in 1954. The liner notes on the original LP quote a review from Down Beat, praising the album: \"These were recorded at a JATP concert in LA in 1946, and never again will Billie sound this wonderful. The years that have passed since then have taken their toll on the great stylist, but this all happened on a night when she had everything, and you don't find this LP to be one of the most emotional half-hours you've ever spent, there's something wrong. (...) Certainly one of the outstanding records in years.\" \"Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic\" was originally released as a 10 inch LP in 1954, her fourth LP for Norman Granz's Clef label. After the 10 inch form was discontinued, the 8 tracks would be rereleased as parts of various compilations. Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Lester Young, tenor sax <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br> George Auld, alto sax <br>Buck Clayton, trumpet <br>Ken Kersey, piano <br>Tiny Grimes, guitar <br> JC Heard, drums <br>Al McKibbon, bass Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br>Trummy Young, trombone", "An Evening with Billie Holiday An Evening with Billie Holiday (MG C-144) is the second 10 inch LP studio album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, released by Clef Records in 1953. In 1956, when the 10inch format was phased out, the album was reissued by Clef with the same artwork, and seven of the eight tracks, as a twelve-inch LP called A Recital By Billie Holiday (MG C-686). The track \"Tenderly\", was moved to another 12 inch compilation called \"Solitude\". Five additional tracks were added that had been previously released on her third 10\"LP, simply titled \"Billie Holiday\". \"The personnel of the original 10\"LP are from two different recording dates, with different musicians. The 12\" LP adds one track from each of the two sessions, as well as three tracks from a 1954 session.\" April, 1952 Personnel (exact date unknown) <br>(\"Evening\" tracks B3-4; \"Recital\" tracks A1-A3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Charlie Shavers - Trumpet <br>Flip Phillips - Tenor Saxophone <br> Oscar Peterson - Piano < br>Barney Kessel - Guitar < br>Alvin Stoller - Drums < br >Ray Brown - Bass <br> July 27, 1952 Personnel < br>(\"Evening\" tracks A1-B2; \"Recital\" tracks A4-6, B1-3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Joe Newman - Trumpet <br>Paul Quinichette - Tenor Saxophone <br>Oscar Peterson - Piano (Organ on \"Yesterdays\") <br>Freddie Green - Guitar <br>Gus Johnson - Drums <br>Ray Brown - Bass <br> April 14, 1954 Recordings <br> (\"Recital\" tracks B4-6) <br>", "Stay with Me (Billie Holiday album) Stay with Me (MGV 8302) is an album by jazz singer Billie Holiday accompanied by Tony Scott and his Orchestra. It contains all the material from a session recorded February 14, 1955, in New York City, and released in 1958 on producer Norman Granz' Verve label. For the CD reissue in 1991 another session was appended, that Granz had previously issued as part of the self-titled \"Billie Holiday\" LP on his Clef Record label (10\" LP, Clef EPC 224 /Verve MGC 690). The recording from April 14, 1954 at the same studio with \"Billie Holliday and Her Band\" consisted of the Oscar Peterson Trio, Ed Shaughnessy on drums, and trumpeter Charlie Shavers as the only members of both sessions beside Holiday. Beyond that all tracks were part of many compilations and the complete recording issues of Billie Holiday. Billie Holiday with Tony Scott and his Orchestra Billie Holiday and Her Band"], "answer": {"text": "She recorded two songs: \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", the latter being her first hit. \"Son-in-Law\" sold 300 copies,", "answer_start": 1294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did they do?", "answer": {"text": "As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what music did she produce?", "answer": {"text": "Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#4", "question": "how many copies did the other two sell?", "rewrite": "How many copies did \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\" sell?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scotch whisky Scotch whisky (; often simply called Scotch) is malt whisky or grain whisky made in Scotland. Scotch whisky must be made in a manner specified by law. All Scotch whisky was originally made from malted barley. Commercial distilleries began introducing whisky made from wheat and rye in the late 18th century. Scotch whisky is divided into five distinct categories: single malt Scotch whisky, single grain Scotch whisky, blended malt Scotch whisky (formerly called \"vatted malt\" or \"pure malt\"), blended grain Scotch whisky, and blended Scotch whisky. All Scotch whisky must be aged in oak barrels for at least three years. Any age statement on a bottle of Scotch whisky, expressed in numerical form, must reflect the age of the youngest whisky used to produce that product. A whisky with an age statement is known as guaranteed-age whisky. A whisky without an age statement is known as a no age statement (NAS) whisky, the only guarantee being that all whisky contained in that bottle is at least three years old. The first written mention of Scotch whisky is in the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, 1495. A friar named John Cor was the distiller at Lindores Abbey in Newburgh, Fife, where, in October 2017, malt whisky production restarted for the first time in 522 years. Many Scotch whisky drinkers refer to a unit for drinking as a dram. As of 23 November 2009, the Scotch Whisky Regulations 2009 (SWR) define and regulate the production, labelling, packaging as well as the advertising of Scotch whisky in the United Kingdom. They replace previous regulations that focused solely on production. International trade agreements have the effect of making some provisions of the SWR apply in various other countries as well as in the UK.", "Grojband Grojband is a Canadian animated series developed and produced by Fresh TV and was distributed by Fremantle until 2018 when Boat Rocker Media purchased their kids and family catalogue. The series is created and co-directed by Todd Kauffman (co-creator of \"Sidekick\") and Mark Thornton. Executive Producers are Brian Irving, George Elliott and Tom McGillis, Jennifer Pertsch, creators of the hit animated reality franchise \"Total Drama\". It is geared toward children ages 6 to 11. The series premiered on June 10, 2013 in the United States on September 5, 2013 in Canada and on April 21 2014 in The United Kingdom. \"Grojband\" follows a Canadian indie rock garage band of the same name formed by Corey Riffin and his three best friends, Laney and twin brothers Kin and Kon, as they work to propel their band to international stardom. When they don't have the lyrics, Corey and his friends get Trina, Corey's sister, into an emotional mode to write entries in her diary that Corey can use for lyrical inspiration, so that Corey and his friends can perform a perfect song. Corey Jaron Riffin (voiced by Lyon Smith) \u2013 Corey is the 13-year-old charming, laid-back and quirky leader, vocalist, occasional rapper, and guitarist of Grojband. Although kind, he will do whatever it takes to play music, which is usually by angering his sister, Trina, who will write in her diary. He then translates her venting into lyrics for their songs. The Newmans are a gender-reversed doppelg\u00e4nger band to Grojband. The voice actors are the same as the original Grojband In the United States, the series was aired on Cartoon Network and Boomerang from June 10, 2013 to July 12, 2015.", "1989 saw Duke and Leader 1's first album - \"Organised Rhyme\" (Music of Life, 1989), and it was heavily featured on Music of Life's 1989 \"Hustlers Convention\" album. Later lampooned by Overlord X for having Duke on the cover \"looking like a farmer\" - and their most famous single, \"I'm Riffin' (English Rasta)\" (Music of Life, 1989). The single was popular amongst hip hop fans, and received radio airplay and often crops up on compilation albums. More singles followed, as well as the follow-up album \"Return of the Dread-I\" (Music of Life, 1991), but Duke parted company with Music of Life. Following this, he guested on other artist's tracks - such as Phat Skillz' \"Dress Like Your Enemy\"/\"Phat Skillz\" (Effect, 1992) before moving to the Shut Up and Dance record label for the IC3 project. An album for Shut Up and Dance never materialised, but Duke continued to guest on other artist's tunes, such as Lisa Pin-Up, DJ Elvira & DJ Modelle's \"Another Jam\" (Rock Hard Recordings, 2000). Following this, Duke disappeared from the limelight, although his track \"I'm Riffin' (English Rasta)\" was sampled for C90's dance hit \"Miracle Maker (I'm Riffin)\" (Twenty-Three Seven Recordings, 2001). During 1995 he served as an MC on long-running London pirate radio station Kool FM. In 2007 he also appeared in UK hip hop artist Charlie Sloth's song \" Can't Forget About UK\". The song was a tribute to pioneering rappers from the UK. Duke usually appeared at live events and in videos with his backing dancers Billy Boy and Seeker.", "As a young teenager, Holiday started singing in nightclubs in Harlem. She took her professional pseudonym from Billie Dove, an actress she admired, and the musician Clarence Holiday, her probable father. At the outset of her career, she spelled her last name \"Halliday\", the birth surname of her father, but eventually changed it to \"Holiday\", his performing name. The young singer teamed up with a neighbor, the tenor saxophone player Kenneth Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club. Benny Goodman recalled hearing Holiday in 1931 at the Bright Spot. As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill, where she met Charles Linton, a vocalist who later worked with Chick Webb. It was also during this period that she connected with her father, who was playing in Fletcher Henderson's band. Late in 1932, at the age of 17, Holiday replaced the singer Monette Moore at Covan's, a club on West 132nd Street. The producer John Hammond, who loved Moore's singing and had come to hear her, first heard Holiday there in early 1933. Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933, with Benny Goodman. She recorded two songs: \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", the latter being her first hit. \"Son-in-Law\" sold 300 copies, but \"Riffin' the Scotch\", released on November 11, sold 5,000 copies.", "4D LABS 4D LABS is a materials science research institute at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada that focuses on the design, development, demonstration, and delivery of advanced functional materials and nanoscale devices. Its $41 million facility opened in Jan 2007 with funding from Canada Foundation for Innovation, the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, and Simon Fraser University. 4D LABS is located in the Technology and Science Complex 2 (TASC2) building on the Simon Fraser University campus in Burnaby. This research institute houses 4700 sq ft of Class 100 clean room processing space, high resolution microscopy, an advanced spectroscopy and laser laboratory, and a visiting scientists' laboratory. It employs a technical staff to provide users with training and fee-for-hire services in nanofabrication, nanoimaging, and LASIR (Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research). It specializes in the clean energy, information technology, health care, agriculture, and environment sectors. 4D LABS was founded in 2005 with funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the BC Knowledge Development Fund and SFU. Its $41 million facility on the Burnaby SFU campus opened in January, 2007. The name 4D LABS is derived from the four D's that define its focus: design, development, demonstration, and delivery of advanced functional materials and nanoscale devices. The purpose of 4D LABS is to accelerate the commercialization of university research in the areas of advanced materials and nanoscale devices. The operating model includes shared laboratories, equipment, and crosses the boundaries of both scientific and engineering disciplines."], "answer": {"text": "\", released on November 11, sold 5,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1456}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did they do?", "answer": {"text": "As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what music did she produce?", "answer": {"text": "Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she record?", "answer": {"text": "She recorded two songs: \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", the latter being her first hit. \"Son-in-Law\" sold 300 copies,", "answer_start": 1294, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#5", "question": "did any of them chart?", "rewrite": "Did any of the songs Billie Holiday record chart?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["An Evening with Billie Holiday An Evening with Billie Holiday (MG C-144) is the second 10 inch LP studio album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, released by Clef Records in 1953. In 1956, when the 10inch format was phased out, the album was reissued by Clef with the same artwork, and seven of the eight tracks, as a twelve-inch LP called A Recital By Billie Holiday (MG C-686). The track \"Tenderly\", was moved to another 12 inch compilation called \"Solitude\". Five additional tracks were added that had been previously released on her third 10\"LP, simply titled \"Billie Holiday\". \"The personnel of the original 10\"LP are from two different recording dates, with different musicians. The 12\" LP adds one track from each of the two sessions, as well as three tracks from a 1954 session.\" April, 1952 Personnel (exact date unknown) <br>(\"Evening\" tracks B3-4; \"Recital\" tracks A1-A3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Charlie Shavers - Trumpet <br>Flip Phillips - Tenor Saxophone <br> Oscar Peterson - Piano < br>Barney Kessel - Guitar < br>Alvin Stoller - Drums < br >Ray Brown - Bass <br> July 27, 1952 Personnel < br>(\"Evening\" tracks A1-B2; \"Recital\" tracks A4-6, B1-3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Joe Newman - Trumpet <br>Paul Quinichette - Tenor Saxophone <br>Oscar Peterson - Piano (Organ on \"Yesterdays\") <br>Freddie Green - Guitar <br>Gus Johnson - Drums <br>Ray Brown - Bass <br> April 14, 1954 Recordings <br> (\"Recital\" tracks B4-6) <br>", "Billie Holiday at JATP Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic (MG C-169) is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, originally recorded on February 12, 1945 and October 3, 1946 at the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and at Carnegie Hall on June 3, 1946. Jazz at the Philharmonic, or JATP, was the title of a series of jazz concerts, tours and recordings produced by Norman Granz from 1944 through 1983. Billie Holiday would go on to perform at Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts numerous times, even joining the troupe in 1954. The liner notes on the original LP quote a review from Down Beat, praising the album: \"These were recorded at a JATP concert in LA in 1946, and never again will Billie sound this wonderful. The years that have passed since then have taken their toll on the great stylist, but this all happened on a night when she had everything, and you don't find this LP to be one of the most emotional half-hours you've ever spent, there's something wrong. (...) Certainly one of the outstanding records in years.\" \"Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic\" was originally released as a 10 inch LP in 1954, her fourth LP for Norman Granz's Clef label. After the 10 inch form was discontinued, the 8 tracks would be rereleased as parts of various compilations. Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Lester Young, tenor sax <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br> George Auld, alto sax <br>Buck Clayton, trumpet <br>Ken Kersey, piano <br>Tiny Grimes, guitar <br> JC Heard, drums <br>Al McKibbon, bass Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br>Trummy Young, trombone", "Stay with Me (Billie Holiday album) Stay with Me (MGV 8302) is an album by jazz singer Billie Holiday accompanied by Tony Scott and his Orchestra. It contains all the material from a session recorded February 14, 1955, in New York City, and released in 1958 on producer Norman Granz' Verve label. For the CD reissue in 1991 another session was appended, that Granz had previously issued as part of the self-titled \"Billie Holiday\" LP on his Clef Record label (10\" LP, Clef EPC 224 /Verve MGC 690). The recording from April 14, 1954 at the same studio with \"Billie Holliday and Her Band\" consisted of the Oscar Peterson Trio, Ed Shaughnessy on drums, and trumpeter Charlie Shavers as the only members of both sessions beside Holiday. Beyond that all tracks were part of many compilations and the complete recording issues of Billie Holiday. Billie Holiday with Tony Scott and his Orchestra Billie Holiday and Her Band", "Becoming Billie Holiday Becoming Billie Holiday is a 2008 book of poetry for young readers by American poet and author Carole Boston Weatherford and illustrated by Floyd Cooper, originally published by Wordsong. It won an honorary Coretta Scott King Award in 2009. Through a series of poems, Weatherford outlines the evolution from Eleanora Fagan to renowned singer Billie Holiday. Told from Billie's own perspective, she muses on the first 25 years of her life. Most poems are titled after actual Billie Holiday songs. The book starts with poems about her young life. Detailing events like her father's abandonment, her tomboyish attitude, and her time spent in an orphanage with nuns. It continues into her adolescence with poems about her first gig singing jazz, deciding to change her name, and her many relationships with men. Weatherford's book ends with Holiday's rising fame and the tension of racism in the United States. The last poem illustrates Holiday's memorable performance at the Caf\u00e9 Society, singing the song \"Strange Fruit. \" At the end of the book, there are pages giving information for further reading and biographies of others mentioned in the poems. In the book's afterword, Weatherford talks about her childhood listening to jazz music with her father. As a teenager, she started listening to more popular music at the time until she watched the film \"Lady Sings the Blues\" in 1972. From then on, she was listening to and collecting Holiday's music all the time. Weatherford related to much of Holiday's life: a shared hometown of Baltimore, a difficult love life, and navigating the realities of racism. Before writing the poems, the author would listen to early Billie Holiday songs for weeks. For the factual parts of the story, Weatherford referenced oral histories and Holiday's autobiography.", "Last Recording Last Recording, originally titled \"Billie Holiday\" before her death, is the last album of Billie Holiday released in 1959, five years after the original album titled \"Billie Holiday\" was released. After the success of her album, \"Lady in Satin\" (1958), Billie Holiday wanted to record another album with arranger Ray Ellis. Ellis had switched from Columbia to MGM, so Billie switched labels also to avoid breaching her contract with Columbia. When she returned to the studio in March 1959, jazz critic and friend of Holiday's Leonard Feather, said Holiday \"walked into the studio statuesque and sharp as ever.\" Unlike \"Lady in Satin\", \"Billie Holiday\" had a lighter string orchestra, minus the choir, and more horns, including a saxophone and a more jazz like feeling. It also demand less fanfare. Songs like \"All of You\", \"' Deed I Do\", and \"Baby Won't You Please Come Home \" have a lighter and happier tempo and do not include strings. Holiday told Ellis she wanted to \u201csound like Sinatra\u201d on this album; but she was in such poor health from years of difficulty and substance abuse that a nurse sometimes had to help keep her propped up on a high stool as she sang. During the time of recording \"Billie Holiday\", Holiday's health was taking its toll. Some say that she did not look like herself at all, and looked like a ghost of what she once was. In the song \"There'll Be Some Changes Made\", Holiday replaces the name Jack Benny in the lyric \"\"Even Jack Benny has been changin' his jokes\"\" to Frank Sinatra, her jazz friend. The album was completed on March 11, 1959. Four days later, Billie Holiday's lifelong friend and music partner Lester Young died on March 15, 1959."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did they do?", "answer": {"text": "As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what music did she produce?", "answer": {"text": "Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she record?", "answer": {"text": "She recorded two songs: \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", the latter being her first hit. \"Son-in-Law\" sold 300 copies,", "answer_start": 1294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many copies did the other two sell?", "answer": {"text": "\", released on November 11, sold 5,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1456, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#6", "question": "what else did she do early in her career?", "rewrite": "Besides releasing \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", what else did Billie Holiday do early in her career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["An Evening with Billie Holiday An Evening with Billie Holiday (MG C-144) is the second 10 inch LP studio album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, released by Clef Records in 1953. In 1956, when the 10inch format was phased out, the album was reissued by Clef with the same artwork, and seven of the eight tracks, as a twelve-inch LP called A Recital By Billie Holiday (MG C-686). The track \"Tenderly\", was moved to another 12 inch compilation called \"Solitude\". Five additional tracks were added that had been previously released on her third 10\"LP, simply titled \"Billie Holiday\". \"The personnel of the original 10\"LP are from two different recording dates, with different musicians. The 12\" LP adds one track from each of the two sessions, as well as three tracks from a 1954 session.\" April, 1952 Personnel (exact date unknown) <br>(\"Evening\" tracks B3-4; \"Recital\" tracks A1-A3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Charlie Shavers - Trumpet <br>Flip Phillips - Tenor Saxophone <br> Oscar Peterson - Piano < br>Barney Kessel - Guitar < br>Alvin Stoller - Drums < br >Ray Brown - Bass <br> July 27, 1952 Personnel < br>(\"Evening\" tracks A1-B2; \"Recital\" tracks A4-6, B1-3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Joe Newman - Trumpet <br>Paul Quinichette - Tenor Saxophone <br>Oscar Peterson - Piano (Organ on \"Yesterdays\") <br>Freddie Green - Guitar <br>Gus Johnson - Drums <br>Ray Brown - Bass <br> April 14, 1954 Recordings <br> (\"Recital\" tracks B4-6) <br>", "Last Recording Last Recording, originally titled \"Billie Holiday\" before her death, is the last album of Billie Holiday released in 1959, five years after the original album titled \"Billie Holiday\" was released. After the success of her album, \"Lady in Satin\" (1958), Billie Holiday wanted to record another album with arranger Ray Ellis. Ellis had switched from Columbia to MGM, so Billie switched labels also to avoid breaching her contract with Columbia. When she returned to the studio in March 1959, jazz critic and friend of Holiday's Leonard Feather, said Holiday \"walked into the studio statuesque and sharp as ever.\" Unlike \"Lady in Satin\", \"Billie Holiday\" had a lighter string orchestra, minus the choir, and more horns, including a saxophone and a more jazz like feeling. It also demand less fanfare. Songs like \"All of You\", \"' Deed I Do\", and \"Baby Won't You Please Come Home \" have a lighter and happier tempo and do not include strings. Holiday told Ellis she wanted to \u201csound like Sinatra\u201d on this album; but she was in such poor health from years of difficulty and substance abuse that a nurse sometimes had to help keep her propped up on a high stool as she sang. During the time of recording \"Billie Holiday\", Holiday's health was taking its toll. Some say that she did not look like herself at all, and looked like a ghost of what she once was. In the song \"There'll Be Some Changes Made\", Holiday replaces the name Jack Benny in the lyric \"\"Even Jack Benny has been changin' his jokes\"\" to Frank Sinatra, her jazz friend. The album was completed on March 11, 1959. Four days later, Billie Holiday's lifelong friend and music partner Lester Young died on March 15, 1959.", "Stay with Me (Billie Holiday album) Stay with Me (MGV 8302) is an album by jazz singer Billie Holiday accompanied by Tony Scott and his Orchestra. It contains all the material from a session recorded February 14, 1955, in New York City, and released in 1958 on producer Norman Granz' Verve label. For the CD reissue in 1991 another session was appended, that Granz had previously issued as part of the self-titled \"Billie Holiday\" LP on his Clef Record label (10\" LP, Clef EPC 224 /Verve MGC 690). The recording from April 14, 1954 at the same studio with \"Billie Holliday and Her Band\" consisted of the Oscar Peterson Trio, Ed Shaughnessy on drums, and trumpeter Charlie Shavers as the only members of both sessions beside Holiday. Beyond that all tracks were part of many compilations and the complete recording issues of Billie Holiday. Billie Holiday with Tony Scott and his Orchestra Billie Holiday and Her Band", "Billie Holiday at JATP Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic (MG C-169) is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, originally recorded on February 12, 1945 and October 3, 1946 at the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and at Carnegie Hall on June 3, 1946. Jazz at the Philharmonic, or JATP, was the title of a series of jazz concerts, tours and recordings produced by Norman Granz from 1944 through 1983. Billie Holiday would go on to perform at Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts numerous times, even joining the troupe in 1954. The liner notes on the original LP quote a review from Down Beat, praising the album: \"These were recorded at a JATP concert in LA in 1946, and never again will Billie sound this wonderful. The years that have passed since then have taken their toll on the great stylist, but this all happened on a night when she had everything, and you don't find this LP to be one of the most emotional half-hours you've ever spent, there's something wrong. (...) Certainly one of the outstanding records in years.\" \"Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic\" was originally released as a 10 inch LP in 1954, her fourth LP for Norman Granz's Clef label. After the 10 inch form was discontinued, the 8 tracks would be rereleased as parts of various compilations. Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Lester Young, tenor sax <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br> George Auld, alto sax <br>Buck Clayton, trumpet <br>Ken Kersey, piano <br>Tiny Grimes, guitar <br> JC Heard, drums <br>Al McKibbon, bass Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br>Trummy Young, trombone", "As a young teenager, Holiday started singing in nightclubs in Harlem. She took her professional pseudonym from Billie Dove, an actress she admired, and the musician Clarence Holiday, her probable father. At the outset of her career, she spelled her last name \"Halliday\", the birth surname of her father, but eventually changed it to \"Holiday\", his performing name. The young singer teamed up with a neighbor, the tenor saxophone player Kenneth Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club. Benny Goodman recalled hearing Holiday in 1931 at the Bright Spot. As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill, where she met Charles Linton, a vocalist who later worked with Chick Webb. It was also during this period that she connected with her father, who was playing in Fletcher Henderson's band. Late in 1932, at the age of 17, Holiday replaced the singer Monette Moore at Covan's, a club on West 132nd Street. The producer John Hammond, who loved Moore's singing and had come to hear her, first heard Holiday there in early 1933. Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933, with Benny Goodman. She recorded two songs: \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", the latter being her first hit. \"Son-in-Law\" sold 300 copies, but \"Riffin' the Scotch\", released on November 11, sold 5,000 copies."], "answer": {"text": "Late in 1932, at the age of 17, Holiday replaced the singer Monette Moore at Covan's, a club on West 132nd Street.", "answer_start": 952}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did they do?", "answer": {"text": "As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what music did she produce?", "answer": {"text": "Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she record?", "answer": {"text": "She recorded two songs: \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", the latter being her first hit. \"Son-in-Law\" sold 300 copies,", "answer_start": 1294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many copies did the other two sell?", "answer": {"text": "\", released on November 11, sold 5,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did any of them chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_52be57a775c94201a6b8dcb1c2fe9fa9_1_q#7", "question": "did she sing in any other clubs?", "rewrite": "Besides Covan\u2019s, did Billie Holiday sing in any other clubs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After two kilometres is Quintueles' school and church, which are an important part of the community. Another option is to follow the N-632 road towards Villaviciosa. Shortly after passing the installation of Llorea is the council of Gij\u00f3n. Continue past Villaviciosa to arrive in the town of Quintueles. After three more kilometres the route reaches the bypass to Playa de la \u00d1ora. Quintueles is approximately 10 kilometres from Gij\u00f3n. Cuisine of the Lamp (Gastron\u00f3mico de la Ll\u00e1mpara), is a festival organized by the Trumpet Society of Cultural Recreation (Sociedad Cultural Recreativa Clar\u00edn) of a neighbouring municipality, Quintes. The festival is hosted by the townsfolk of both Quintueles and Quintes. Quintueles is situated on the flat coast of Spain's Cantabrian Sea. It is approximately 19 kilometres from Villaviciosa and 12 kilometres from Gij\u00f3n. Quintueles is a coastal town with beautiful, tall cliffs that overlook the Cantabrian Sea. Quintueles currently has a population of 663 people and there are about 460 dwellings. The town has an area of 9,81 square kilometres; the sea marks its northern border, while Gij\u00f3n lies to the west, Quintes to the east and San Miguel de Arroes to the south. Quintueles has ten subdivisions:  The Quintueles community has been dedicated to agriculture and stockbreeding for generations, but the modern trend is displaying growth in the service sector. Many find the appeal of Quintueles to be its convenient location\u2014it is near a large city, but the distance is great enough to maintain a pastoral atmosphere. This theory, however, is simply speculation.", "Quintueles  Quintueles (variant: San Clemente de Quintueles) is one of 41 parishes in Villaviciosa, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. Situated at above sea level, the \"parroquia\" is in area, with a population of 663 (INE 2008). Fossilised pterosaur tracks have been uncovered at Quintueles' Lastres Formation. The climate of Quintueles is oceanic, humid and generally temperate. Spanish beans are produced in great quantities in Quintueles. These Spanish beans, along with the local fish and shellfish, comprise the staple foods of the region. Popular dishes include Spanish beans with clams, sea urchins, goose barnacles, brown shrimp, velvet crabs, European spider crabs, conger eels, and whiting. The local cider is also produced in abundance. Playa de La \u00d1ora, a local beach, is a major attraction in the area. Quintueles' granaries, villages and farms produce the apples and Spanish beans that the community is known for. Also worth mentioning are the local sandstone quarries. Folklore states that a fifteenth-century hermitage was situated among the quarries. Upon paying homage to the Virgin of the Snows, the hermit was said to have received the protection of a large oak tree for his dwelling. The neighbourhood where this oak tree stood was named \"Granderroble\" in observance of the legend. Beginning from Gij\u00f3n, take the A-8 toward Santander and leave at junction 378 for Quintueles. On entering the town, bear left at the intersection with the N-632. After 200 metres, turn right onto highway VV-I in the direction of Playa de la \u00d1ora.", "Last Recording Last Recording, originally titled \"Billie Holiday\" before her death, is the last album of Billie Holiday released in 1959, five years after the original album titled \"Billie Holiday\" was released. After the success of her album, \"Lady in Satin\" (1958), Billie Holiday wanted to record another album with arranger Ray Ellis. Ellis had switched from Columbia to MGM, so Billie switched labels also to avoid breaching her contract with Columbia. When she returned to the studio in March 1959, jazz critic and friend of Holiday's Leonard Feather, said Holiday \"walked into the studio statuesque and sharp as ever.\" Unlike \"Lady in Satin\", \"Billie Holiday\" had a lighter string orchestra, minus the choir, and more horns, including a saxophone and a more jazz like feeling. It also demand less fanfare. Songs like \"All of You\", \"' Deed I Do\", and \"Baby Won't You Please Come Home \" have a lighter and happier tempo and do not include strings. Holiday told Ellis she wanted to \u201csound like Sinatra\u201d on this album; but she was in such poor health from years of difficulty and substance abuse that a nurse sometimes had to help keep her propped up on a high stool as she sang. During the time of recording \"Billie Holiday\", Holiday's health was taking its toll. Some say that she did not look like herself at all, and looked like a ghost of what she once was. In the song \"There'll Be Some Changes Made\", Holiday replaces the name Jack Benny in the lyric \"\"Even Jack Benny has been changin' his jokes\"\" to Frank Sinatra, her jazz friend. The album was completed on March 11, 1959. Four days later, Billie Holiday's lifelong friend and music partner Lester Young died on March 15, 1959.", "Billie Holiday at JATP Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic (MG C-169) is a live album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, originally recorded on February 12, 1945 and October 3, 1946 at the Jazz at the Philharmonic concert at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, and at Carnegie Hall on June 3, 1946. Jazz at the Philharmonic, or JATP, was the title of a series of jazz concerts, tours and recordings produced by Norman Granz from 1944 through 1983. Billie Holiday would go on to perform at Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts numerous times, even joining the troupe in 1954. The liner notes on the original LP quote a review from Down Beat, praising the album: \"These were recorded at a JATP concert in LA in 1946, and never again will Billie sound this wonderful. The years that have passed since then have taken their toll on the great stylist, but this all happened on a night when she had everything, and you don't find this LP to be one of the most emotional half-hours you've ever spent, there's something wrong. (...) Certainly one of the outstanding records in years.\" \"Billie Holiday at Jazz at the Philharmonic\" was originally released as a 10 inch LP in 1954, her fourth LP for Norman Granz's Clef label. After the 10 inch form was discontinued, the 8 tracks would be rereleased as parts of various compilations. Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Lester Young, tenor sax <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br> George Auld, alto sax <br>Buck Clayton, trumpet <br>Ken Kersey, piano <br>Tiny Grimes, guitar <br> JC Heard, drums <br>Al McKibbon, bass Billie Holiday, vocals <br>Illinois Jacquet, tenor sax <br>Trummy Young, trombone", "An Evening with Billie Holiday An Evening with Billie Holiday (MG C-144) is the second 10 inch LP studio album by jazz singer Billie Holiday, released by Clef Records in 1953. In 1956, when the 10inch format was phased out, the album was reissued by Clef with the same artwork, and seven of the eight tracks, as a twelve-inch LP called A Recital By Billie Holiday (MG C-686). The track \"Tenderly\", was moved to another 12 inch compilation called \"Solitude\". Five additional tracks were added that had been previously released on her third 10\"LP, simply titled \"Billie Holiday\". \"The personnel of the original 10\"LP are from two different recording dates, with different musicians. The 12\" LP adds one track from each of the two sessions, as well as three tracks from a 1954 session.\" April, 1952 Personnel (exact date unknown) <br>(\"Evening\" tracks B3-4; \"Recital\" tracks A1-A3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Charlie Shavers - Trumpet <br>Flip Phillips - Tenor Saxophone <br> Oscar Peterson - Piano < br>Barney Kessel - Guitar < br>Alvin Stoller - Drums < br >Ray Brown - Bass <br> July 27, 1952 Personnel < br>(\"Evening\" tracks A1-B2; \"Recital\" tracks A4-6, B1-3): <br> Billie Holiday - Vocal <br>Joe Newman - Trumpet <br>Paul Quinichette - Tenor Saxophone <br>Oscar Peterson - Piano (Organ on \"Yesterdays\") <br>Freddie Green - Guitar <br>Gus Johnson - Drums <br>Ray Brown - Bass <br> April 14, 1954 Recordings <br> (\"Recital\" tracks B4-6) <br>"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Billie Holiday in 1929?", "answer": {"text": "Hollan. From 1929 to 1931, they were a team, performing at clubs such as the Grey Dawn, Pod's and Jerry's on 133rd Street, and the Brooklyn Elks' Club.", "answer_start": 444, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did they do?", "answer": {"text": "As her reputation grew, she played in many clubs, including Mexico's and the Alhambra Bar and Grill,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what music did she produce?", "answer": {"text": "Hammond arranged for Holiday to make her recording debut, at age 18, in November 1933,", "answer_start": 1187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she record?", "answer": {"text": "She recorded two songs: \"Your Mother's Son-in-Law\" and \"Riffin' the Scotch\", the latter being her first hit. \"Son-in-Law\" sold 300 copies,", "answer_start": 1294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how many copies did the other two sell?", "answer": {"text": "\", released on November 11, sold 5,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did any of them chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did she do early in her career?", "answer": {"text": "Late in 1932, at the age of 17, Holiday replaced the singer Monette Moore at Covan's, a club on West 132nd Street.", "answer_start": 952, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "rewrite": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. Also known as a \"black cow\" or \"brown cow\", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance in some localities, a \"root beer float\" has strictly vanilla ice cream; a float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a \"chocolate cow\" or a \"brown cow\". In some places a \"black cow\" or a \"brown cow\" was made with cola instead of root beer. In some areas, for example, Northeastern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, \"black cow\" is said to mean a root beer float where a portion of the vanilla ice cream and root beer have been mixed together before filling the glass with scoops of vanilla ice cream and root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in a creamy, bottled drink. A coke float can be made with any cola, such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi, and vanilla ice-cream. A Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The origin of the term \"Boston cooler\" lies in Detroit, Michigan, the city in which Fred Sanders is credited with inventing the ice cream soda. \u201cBoston\u201d comes from the street north of the New Center Area, a historic neighborhood known as Boston Edison.", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice"], "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#1", "question": "what is his career based on", "rewrite": "What is Vanilla Ice's career based on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice", "The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "The drink is also found at many Detroit-area ice cream parlors (including Dairy Queens) and at Halo Burger, a Flint, Michigan based fast food chain. The Wizarding World of Harry Potter theme park serves \"Butterbeer\", a cream soda and butterscotch drink with a creamy foam topping. A Snow White is made with 7 Up or Sprite and vanilla ice cream. The origin of this variation is unknown, but it is found in some Asian eateries. In the context of ice cream soda, a purple cow is vanilla ice cream in purple grape soda. The Purple Cow, a restaurant chain in the southern United States, features this and similar beverages. In a more general context, a purple cow may refer to a non-carbonated grape juice and vanilla ice cream combination. The American Friendly's chain also had a variation known as a \"sherbet cooler,\" which was a combination of orange or watermelon sherbet, vanilla syrup and seltzer water. (At present, it is billed as a \"slammer\".) At least in Brazil and Portugal, a non-alcoholic ice cream soda made by combining vanilla ice cream and Coca-Cola is known as \"vaca-preta\" (\"black cow\"). In Brazil, a \"vaca dourada\" or golden cow is an ice cream soda combination of vanilla ice cream and guaran\u00e1 soda. In Mexico the most popular version is made with cola and lemon sherbet. An orange float or orange whip consists of vanilla ice cream and orange soft drinks. Guinness stout, Chocolate ice cream, and espresso. Although the Shakin' Jesse version is blended into more of a milkshake consistency, most restaurant bars can make the beer float version.", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,"], "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#2", "question": "did he win anything in 1985", "rewrite": "Did Vanilla Ice win anything in 1985?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bi-Polar (Vanilla Ice album) Bi-Polar is the fourth studio album by Vanilla Ice. Released by Ultrax Records, it is the rapper's second independent release, after \"Hooked\". The song \"Unbreakable\" was remade for \"Dance Dance Revolution II\" as \"Still Unbreakable\", with additional verses from Vanilla Ice himself and production from Konami in-house artist . The album was initially planned as a double album consisting of one disc of rock music (\"Skabz\") and one disc of hip hop music (\"Bomb Tha System\"). Before its release, it was decided that the two parts of the album would be released on one disc, with each part labeled. Each side of the booklet features a different cover for each part. \"Skabz\" features appearances from heavy metal music figures such as former Slipknot guitarist Josh \"Gnar\" Brainard, Roy Mayorga, and Billy Milano. \" Bomb Tha System\" notably features appearances from Insane Poetry's Cyco, Chuck D (of Public Enemy fame), the Insane Clown Posse, and Wu-Tang Clan affiliate La the Darkman. In the initial publicity for the album, Vanilla Ice claimed that the album would feature a guest appearance from Lenny Kravitz. Although Vanilla Ice is credited as \"V-Ice\" and \"Ice\" on the album, there was never any intent to change his stage name. The performer is quoted as saying \"people are asking me that question [...] there's no name change. I'm proud of it and I'm not trying to run from anything or hide from anything.\" On \"Hip Hop Rules\", Vanilla Ice praises what he loves about hip hop while overlooking his career. \" Dirty South\" and \"Tha Weed Song\" are about marijuana. \" Molton\" , \"Nothing is Real\" and", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice", "To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\"."], "answer": {"text": "Ice used his beatboxing and breakdancing skills as a street performer", "answer_start": 287}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his career based on", "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#3", "question": "did he sign contract with any company", "rewrite": "Did Vanilla Ice sign a contract with any company?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice", "To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. Also known as a \"black cow\" or \"brown cow\", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance in some localities, a \"root beer float\" has strictly vanilla ice cream; a float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a \"chocolate cow\" or a \"brown cow\". In some places a \"black cow\" or a \"brown cow\" was made with cola instead of root beer. In some areas, for example, Northeastern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, \"black cow\" is said to mean a root beer float where a portion of the vanilla ice cream and root beer have been mixed together before filling the glass with scoops of vanilla ice cream and root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in a creamy, bottled drink. A coke float can be made with any cola, such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi, and vanilla ice-cream. A Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The origin of the term \"Boston cooler\" lies in Detroit, Michigan, the city in which Fred Sanders is credited with inventing the ice cream soda. \u201cBoston\u201d comes from the street north of the New Center Area, a historic neighborhood known as Boston Edison."], "answer": {"text": "signed a contract with the owner of City Lights,", "answer_start": 1141}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his career based on", "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win anything in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Ice used his beatboxing and breakdancing skills as a street performer", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#4", "question": "What happened in 1987", "rewrite": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1987?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. Also known as a \"black cow\" or \"brown cow\", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance in some localities, a \"root beer float\" has strictly vanilla ice cream; a float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a \"chocolate cow\" or a \"brown cow\". In some places a \"black cow\" or a \"brown cow\" was made with cola instead of root beer. In some areas, for example, Northeastern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, \"black cow\" is said to mean a root beer float where a portion of the vanilla ice cream and root beer have been mixed together before filling the glass with scoops of vanilla ice cream and root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in a creamy, bottled drink. A coke float can be made with any cola, such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi, and vanilla ice-cream. A Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The origin of the term \"Boston cooler\" lies in Detroit, Michigan, the city in which Fred Sanders is credited with inventing the ice cream soda. \u201cBoston\u201d comes from the street north of the New Center Area, a historic neighborhood known as Boston Edison.", "The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken"], "answer": {"text": "In January 1987, Ice was stabbed five times during a scuffle outside of City Lights.", "answer_start": 1011}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his career based on", "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win anything in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Ice used his beatboxing and breakdancing skills as a street performer", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he sign contract with any company", "answer": {"text": "signed a contract with the owner of City Lights,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#5", "question": "any notable person in the article", "rewrite": "Is there any other notable person besides Vanilla Ice in the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. Also known as a \"black cow\" or \"brown cow\", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance in some localities, a \"root beer float\" has strictly vanilla ice cream; a float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a \"chocolate cow\" or a \"brown cow\". In some places a \"black cow\" or a \"brown cow\" was made with cola instead of root beer. In some areas, for example, Northeastern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, \"black cow\" is said to mean a root beer float where a portion of the vanilla ice cream and root beer have been mixed together before filling the glass with scoops of vanilla ice cream and root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in a creamy, bottled drink. A coke float can be made with any cola, such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi, and vanilla ice-cream. A Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The origin of the term \"Boston cooler\" lies in Detroit, Michigan, the city in which Fred Sanders is credited with inventing the ice cream soda. \u201cBoston\u201d comes from the street north of the New Center Area, a historic neighborhood known as Boston Edison.", "The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice"], "answer": {"text": "Suge Knight", "answer_start": 675}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his career based on", "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win anything in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Ice used his beatboxing and breakdancing skills as a street performer", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he sign contract with any company", "answer": {"text": "signed a contract with the owner of City Lights,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1987", "answer": {"text": "In January 1987, Ice was stabbed five times during a scuffle outside of City Lights.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#6", "question": "did he has any injury during this time", "rewrite": "Did Vanilla Ice get injured?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice", "This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. Also known as a \"black cow\" or \"brown cow\", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance in some localities, a \"root beer float\" has strictly vanilla ice cream; a float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a \"chocolate cow\" or a \"brown cow\". In some places a \"black cow\" or a \"brown cow\" was made with cola instead of root beer. In some areas, for example, Northeastern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, \"black cow\" is said to mean a root beer float where a portion of the vanilla ice cream and root beer have been mixed together before filling the glass with scoops of vanilla ice cream and root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in a creamy, bottled drink. A coke float can be made with any cola, such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi, and vanilla ice-cream. A Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The origin of the term \"Boston cooler\" lies in Detroit, Michigan, the city in which Fred Sanders is credited with inventing the ice cream soda. \u201cBoston\u201d comes from the street north of the New Center Area, a historic neighborhood known as Boston Edison.", "To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\"."], "answer": {"text": "After breaking his ankle", "answer_start": 86}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his career based on", "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win anything in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Ice used his beatboxing and breakdancing skills as a street performer", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he sign contract with any company", "answer": {"text": "signed a contract with the owner of City Lights,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1987", "answer": {"text": "In January 1987, Ice was stabbed five times during a scuffle outside of City Lights.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any notable person in the article", "answer": {"text": "Suge Knight", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#7", "question": "what happened after that", "rewrite": "What happened after Vanilla Ice got hurt?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice", "To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. Also known as a \"black cow\" or \"brown cow\", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance in some localities, a \"root beer float\" has strictly vanilla ice cream; a float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a \"chocolate cow\" or a \"brown cow\". In some places a \"black cow\" or a \"brown cow\" was made with cola instead of root beer. In some areas, for example, Northeastern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, \"black cow\" is said to mean a root beer float where a portion of the vanilla ice cream and root beer have been mixed together before filling the glass with scoops of vanilla ice cream and root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in a creamy, bottled drink. A coke float can be made with any cola, such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi, and vanilla ice-cream. A Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The origin of the term \"Boston cooler\" lies in Detroit, Michigan, the city in which Fred Sanders is credited with inventing the ice cream soda. \u201cBoston\u201d comes from the street north of the New Center Area, a historic neighborhood known as Boston Edison."], "answer": {"text": "Ice was not interested in racing professionally for some time,", "answer_start": 126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his career based on", "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win anything in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Ice used his beatboxing and breakdancing skills as a street performer", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he sign contract with any company", "answer": {"text": "signed a contract with the owner of City Lights,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1987", "answer": {"text": "In January 1987, Ice was stabbed five times during a scuffle outside of City Lights.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any notable person in the article", "answer": {"text": "Suge Knight", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he has any injury during this time", "answer": {"text": "After breaking his ankle", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f09d601f560c435d9e3456c12683e17c_1_q#8", "question": "what does he now do with his time", "rewrite": "What does Vanilla Ice do with his time now?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This drink is prepared similarly to a chocolate ice cream soda, but with strawberry syrup and strawberry (or vanilla) ice cream used instead. Also known as a \"black cow\" or \"brown cow\", the root beer float is traditionally made with vanilla ice cream and root beer, but it can also be made with other ice cream flavors. The similarly flavored soft drink birch beer may also be used instead of root beer. In the United States and Canada, the chain A&W Restaurants are well known for their root beer floats. The definition of a black cow varies by region. For instance in some localities, a \"root beer float\" has strictly vanilla ice cream; a float made with root beer and chocolate ice cream is a \"chocolate cow\" or a \"brown cow\". In some places a \"black cow\" or a \"brown cow\" was made with cola instead of root beer. In some areas, for example, Northeastern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois, \"black cow\" is said to mean a root beer float where a portion of the vanilla ice cream and root beer have been mixed together before filling the glass with scoops of vanilla ice cream and root beer. In 2008, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group introduced its Float beverage line. This includes A&W Root Beer, A&W Cream Soda and Sunkist flavors which attempt to simulate the taste of their respective ice cream float flavors in a creamy, bottled drink. A coke float can be made with any cola, such as Coca-Cola or Pepsi, and vanilla ice-cream. A Boston cooler is typically composed of Vernors ginger ale and vanilla ice cream. The origin of the term \"Boston cooler\" lies in Detroit, Michigan, the city in which Fred Sanders is credited with inventing the ice cream soda. \u201cBoston\u201d comes from the street north of the New Center Area, a historic neighborhood known as Boston Edison.", "To the Extreme To the Extreme is the major label debut studio album of American rapper Vanilla Ice. The album was initially released in 1989 by independent record label Ichiban Records under the title \"Hooked\". Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued the album under its current title. The album contains Vanilla Ice's most successful singles, \"Ice Ice Baby\" and a cover of \"Play That Funky Music\". Although reviews of the album were mixed, \"To the Extreme\" spent 16 weeks at the top of the \"Billboard 200\", and sold 15 million copies worldwide. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released independently as a single in 1988. Based on this single, the independent record label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". In 1989 Vanilla Ice released an early version of \"To the Extreme\" under the title \"Hooked\" on Ichiban Records. \"Play That Funky Music\" was released as the album's first single, with \"Ice Ice Baby\" appearing as the B-side. The 12-inch single featured the radio, instrumental and a cappella versions of \"Play That Funky Music\" and the radio version and \"Miami Drop\" remix of \"Ice Ice Baby\". When a disc jockey played \"Ice Ice Baby\" instead of the single's A-side, the song gained more success than \"Play That Funky Music\". A music video for \"Ice Ice Baby\" was produced for $8000. The video was financed by Vanilla Ice's manager, Tommy Quon, and shot on the roof of a warehouse in Dallas, Texas. In 1990, Vanilla Ice signed to SBK Records, who reissued \"Hooked\" under the title \"To the Extreme\".", "The Vanilla Ice Project The Vanilla Ice Project is an American reality television series on the DIY Network. It is hosted by handyman and rapper Rob Van Winkle a.k.a. Vanilla Ice who has experience with home improvement and flipping since the 1990s buying houses in his early twenties and getting more into home improvement starting in 1998. Season 2 of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" premiered on January 21, 2012, and featured a new house and more up-to-date and state-of-the-art improvements. To mark the premiere, Vanilla Ice posted live Tweets during the show on Twitter, answering fan questions and commenting on the show. Due to the success of the show, Vanilla Ice launched a training course that aims to help others succeed at real estate investing. Season 8 premiered in July 2018. In this season, Rob and the Ninjas stick to a $100,000 renovation budget. In addition to winning the Telly Award, the Factual Entertainment Award and Hermes Platinum Press Award, the first season of \"The Vanilla Ice Project\" was selected as a finalist for the Cable Fax Awards. A deluxe edition DVD box set of the first season was released in late 2016. This included deleted scenes as well as a bonus episode that follows Vanilla Ice and his long-time friend Dave Whitman as they remodel Whitman's home in Pennsylvania. 1st 2 links are broken", "Vanilla Ice explained that the album \"just comes out dark because that's the way I feel I've been treated\" and that the album \"wasn't intended to be so dark. I opened up to Ross and I told him a lot of things that happened to me in the past. It was like, really deep conversation, and he was like, you should write about that. And I was like, dude , I didn't want people to judge me for that. But he was right. It was like total therapy.\" The subjects focused on in the album's lyrics include Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood and drug addiction. He stated that \"I wrote 'Fuck Me' 'cause I know how I've been perceived. \"I can look back at the whole Vanilla Ice thing, and it was played way out. It was just an image thing. I was always real to the music. But it built a huge hurdle for me to get over musically. A lot of people didn't even want to admit they bought a Vanilla Ice record.\" \"Too Cold\" is a rap rock remake of Vanilla Ice's biggest hit, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Vanilla Ice stated that he remade the song because \"I wanted to let people know that I'm not running from anything. This is me. This is what I'm about. I think the music speaks for itself. If the music was whack, nobody'd even care to hear anything about no Vanilla Ice. I just think the music is so strong people are kinda comin' out of the closet. It's like, 'You know, hey, I bought it back in the day, and the new stuff is slammin'.' I think there's some hip-hop influenced, stage-diving,", "Hard to Swallow Hard to Swallow is the third studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released by Republic Records in 1998, the album was the first album the performer recorded after a four-year hiatus following the 1994 release of \"Mind Blowin\". Vanilla Ice intended the new musical direction found on the album as an attempt to move away from hip hop music and discard his former pop image. \" Hard to Swallow\" instead featured what he described as \"skate rock\", a fusion of heavy metal, punk rock and hip hop. The album features appearances from Amen vocalist Casey Chaos, Bloodhound Gang vocalist Jimmy Pop, and Insane Poetry front man Cyco. Session musicians included drummer Shannon Larkin, keyboardist Scott Borland, and Snot guitarist Sonny Mayo. Vanilla Ice took an interest in the musical style found on \"Hard to Swallow\" while performing as a member of a Miami grunge band, and was able to develop this sound through a friendship with producer Ross Robinson, with whom he shared an interest in motocross racing. Robinson produced the album after being advised against working with Vanilla Ice. The album's darker lyrical subject matter developed from conversations, in which Robinson encouraged him to write about his past. Subjects included Vanilla Ice's abusive childhood, drug addiction and struggles with fame. While the album revived Vanilla Ice's career, it received largely negative reviews and did not chart. Vanilla Ice was briefly a member of a band called Pickin' Scabs, which he described as being \"like a grunge band. \" He had wanted to perform more hip hop-influenced rock music, but the band \"didn't know how to play this sound that I was looking for.\" Monty Lipman, a founder of Republic Records and former SBK Records promoter, told Vanilla Ice"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in to Vanilla Ice in 1985?", "answer": {"text": "In 1985, he was focusing all of his energy on motocross,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is his career based on", "answer": {"text": "his dance moves", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win anything in 1985", "answer": {"text": "Ice used his beatboxing and breakdancing skills as a street performer", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he sign contract with any company", "answer": {"text": "signed a contract with the owner of City Lights,", "answer_start": 1141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in 1987", "answer": {"text": "In January 1987, Ice was stabbed five times during a scuffle outside of City Lights.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any notable person in the article", "answer": {"text": "Suge Knight", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he has any injury during this time", "answer": {"text": "After breaking his ankle", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what happened after that", "answer": {"text": "Ice was not interested in racing professionally for some time,", "answer_start": 126, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74b09d5e5b6f470a892e3f656c0e4b85_1_q#0", "question": "Howw did Stephen Sondheim collaborate with James Lapine?", "rewrite": "Howw did Stephen Sondheim collaborate with James Lapine?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; Gypsy opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theatre and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: \"I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal.\" Sondheim and Prince's collaboration was suspended from Merrily to the 2003 production of Bounce, another failure. However, Sondheim decided \"that there are better places to start a show\" and found a new collaborator in James Lapine after he saw Lapine's Twelve Dreams off-Broadway in 1981: \"I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the Public Theatre\"; Lapine has a taste \"for the avant-garde and for visually-oriented theatre in particular\". Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking Georges Seurat's pointillism. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the play, and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017. They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring rap music to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of \"Into the Woods\"), he attributes the first rap in theatre to Meredith Willson's \"Rock Island\" from The Music Man.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "James Lapine James Elliot Lapine (born January 10, 1949) is an American stage director, playwright, screenwriter, and librettist. He has won the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical three times, for \"Into the Woods\", \"Falsettos\", and \"Passion\". He has frequently collaborated with Stephen Sondheim and William Finn. Lapine was born in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Lillian (Feld) and David Sanford Lapine. He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1971. Lapine did graduate study in both photography and graphic design at the California Institute of the Arts, where he received an MFA in 1973. He was a photographer, graphic designer, and architectural preservationist and taught design at the Yale School of Drama. At Yale University he wrote an adaptation and directed the Gertrude Stein play \"Photograph\", which was produced Off-Broadway at the Open Space in SoHo in 1977. He proceeded to write and direct Off-Broadway plays and musicals, working with composer William Finn on \"March of the Falsettos\" in 1981 as director; the musical won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Play. Frank Rich, the \"New York Times\" theatre critic, noted \"Mr. Lapine's wildly resourceful staging.\" In 1982 he was introduced to Stephen Sondheim, and they decided to work on a musical together, which became \"Sunday in the Park with George\", with Lapine writing the book and directing with Sondheim's music and lyrics. It was first produced Off-Broadway in 1983 and then transferred to Broadway in 1984. The pair's next musical was \"Into the Woods\", which premiered on Broadway in 1987. Lapine won both the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award for Best Book of a Musical.", "Sondheim on Sondheim Sondheim on Sondheim is a musical revue consisting of music and lyrics written by Stephen Sondheim for his many shows. It is conceived and directed by James Lapine. The revue had a limited run on Broadway in 2010. The revue is based on a show titled \"Moving On\" devised by David Kernan, and produced in 2000 (Kernan also conceived \"Side By Side By Sondheim\"). \"Moving On\" ran at The Bridwell Theatre, London, for 32 performances from July 19 to August 19, 2000. The show featured some narration recorded by Sondheim; a CD of the show was released but did not include the Sondheim narrations. In 2001, \"Moving On\" premiered in the U.S. at The Laguna Playhouse in California. David Kernan, repeated his roles as conceiver and director. Three Sondheim vets, Teri Ralston (\"Company\"), Ann Morrison (\"Merrily We Roll Along\") and David Engel (\"Putting It Together\"), lead the revue with Christopher Carothers and Tami Tappan also in the cast. Under a new title, \"Opening Doors\", the show had several performances in New York at Carnegie Hall's Zankel Hall in September and October 2004. Lapine conceived a version of the revue in 2008, titled \"iSondheim: aMusical Revue\", to help celebrate the 40th anniversary of Alliance Theatre company in Atlanta, Georgia. This was structured as a multimedia revue, incorporating \"original and archival commentary\" from Sondheim. The revue was promoted as taking audience members \"to the very heart of Sondheim's life and work."], "answer": {"text": "Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984),", "answer_start": 1077}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_74b09d5e5b6f470a892e3f656c0e4b85_1_q#1", "question": "What did they do together at that time?", "rewrite": "What did Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine do together in 1984?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sondheim on Sondheim Sondheim on Sondheim is a musical revue consisting of music and lyrics written by Stephen Sondheim for his many shows. It is conceived and directed by James Lapine. The revue had a limited run on Broadway in 2010. The revue is based on a show titled \"Moving On\" devised by David Kernan, and produced in 2000 (Kernan also conceived \"Side By Side By Sondheim\"). \"Moving On\" ran at The Bridwell Theatre, London, for 32 performances from July 19 to August 19, 2000. The show featured some narration recorded by Sondheim; a CD of the show was released but did not include the Sondheim narrations. In 2001, \"Moving On\" premiered in the U.S. at The Laguna Playhouse in California. David Kernan, repeated his roles as conceiver and director. Three Sondheim vets, Teri Ralston (\"Company\"), Ann Morrison (\"Merrily We Roll Along\") and David Engel (\"Putting It Together\"), lead the revue with Christopher Carothers and Tami Tappan also in the cast. Under a new title, \"Opening Doors\", the show had several performances in New York at Carnegie Hall's Zankel Hall in September and October 2004. Lapine conceived a version of the revue in 2008, titled \"iSondheim: aMusical Revue\", to help celebrate the 40th anniversary of Alliance Theatre company in Atlanta, Georgia. This was structured as a multimedia revue, incorporating \"original and archival commentary\" from Sondheim. The revue was promoted as taking audience members \"to the very heart of Sondheim's life and work.", "Signature Theatre (Arlington, Virginia) Signature Theatre is a Tony Award winning regional theater company based in Arlington, Virginia. Founded in 1989, Signature Theatre is known for its productions of contemporary musicals and plays, reinventions of classic musicals, and development of new work. Under the leadership of Co-Founder and Artistic Director Eric D. Schaeffer and Managing Director Maggie Boland, the company has staged 56 world premiere productions, including 19 new musical commissions. Signature is home to the single largest musical theater commissioning project in the United States, The American Musical Voices Project. Cameron Mackintosh, Terrence McNally, James Lapine, John Kander, and Fred Ebb are among those that have presented works here. Since 1991, Signature has had a long relationship with Stephen Sondheim, producing 30 of his musicals, revues and concerts\u2014more than any other professional theater in the country. The theatre established a Sondheim Award \"as a tribute to America's most influential contemporary musical theatre composer\". The first award, to Stephen Sondheim, was presented at an April 27, 2009 benefit with performances by Bernadette Peters, Michael Cerveris, Will Gartshore and Eleasha Gamble. In 1989, in response to DC's theater scene that was dominated by large venues that presented mostly traditional plays and the desire to create a \u201csignature\u201d brand of provocative works, graphic designer and performer Eric Schaeffer founded Signature Theatre with actor Donna Migliaccio. Signature first began in Arlington county's Gunston Middle School auditorium, and in 1991 Signature presented their first production of a musical, Sweeney Todd, a stand-out hit, that put Signature on the map, earned four Helen Hayes Awards and solidified Signature\u2019s (and Eric Schaeffer\u2019s) reputation as an intrepid producer of Stephen Sondheim\u2019s work.", "Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; Gypsy opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theatre and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: \"I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal.\" Sondheim and Prince's collaboration was suspended from Merrily to the 2003 production of Bounce, another failure. However, Sondheim decided \"that there are better places to start a show\" and found a new collaborator in James Lapine after he saw Lapine's Twelve Dreams off-Broadway in 1981: \"I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the Public Theatre\"; Lapine has a taste \"for the avant-garde and for visually-oriented theatre in particular\". Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking Georges Seurat's pointillism. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the play, and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017. They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring rap music to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of \"Into the Woods\"), he attributes the first rap in theatre to Meredith Willson's \"Rock Island\" from The Music Man.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "James Lapine James Elliot Lapine (born January 10, 1949) is an American stage director, playwright, screenwriter, and librettist. He has won the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical three times, for \"Into the Woods\", \"Falsettos\", and \"Passion\". He has frequently collaborated with Stephen Sondheim and William Finn. Lapine was born in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Lillian (Feld) and David Sanford Lapine. He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1971. Lapine did graduate study in both photography and graphic design at the California Institute of the Arts, where he received an MFA in 1973. He was a photographer, graphic designer, and architectural preservationist and taught design at the Yale School of Drama. At Yale University he wrote an adaptation and directed the Gertrude Stein play \"Photograph\", which was produced Off-Broadway at the Open Space in SoHo in 1977. He proceeded to write and direct Off-Broadway plays and musicals, working with composer William Finn on \"March of the Falsettos\" in 1981 as director; the musical won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Play. Frank Rich, the \"New York Times\" theatre critic, noted \"Mr. Lapine's wildly resourceful staging.\" In 1982 he was introduced to Stephen Sondheim, and they decided to work on a musical together, which became \"Sunday in the Park with George\", with Lapine writing the book and directing with Sondheim's music and lyrics. It was first produced Off-Broadway in 1983 and then transferred to Broadway in 1984. The pair's next musical was \"Into the Woods\", which premiered on Broadway in 1987. Lapine won both the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award for Best Book of a Musical."], "answer": {"text": "They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales.", "answer_start": 1354}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Howw did Stephen Sondheim collaborate with James Lapine?", "answer": {"text": "Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984),", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_74b09d5e5b6f470a892e3f656c0e4b85_1_q#2", "question": "Was this collaboration a success?", "rewrite": "Was Sondheim and Lapine's collaboration Into the Woods a success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; Gypsy opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theatre and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: \"I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal.\" Sondheim and Prince's collaboration was suspended from Merrily to the 2003 production of Bounce, another failure. However, Sondheim decided \"that there are better places to start a show\" and found a new collaborator in James Lapine after he saw Lapine's Twelve Dreams off-Broadway in 1981: \"I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the Public Theatre\"; Lapine has a taste \"for the avant-garde and for visually-oriented theatre in particular\". Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking Georges Seurat's pointillism. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the play, and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017. They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring rap music to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of \"Into the Woods\"), he attributes the first rap in theatre to Meredith Willson's \"Rock Island\" from The Music Man.", "Sondheim on Sondheim Sondheim on Sondheim is a musical revue consisting of music and lyrics written by Stephen Sondheim for his many shows. It is conceived and directed by James Lapine. The revue had a limited run on Broadway in 2010. The revue is based on a show titled \"Moving On\" devised by David Kernan, and produced in 2000 (Kernan also conceived \"Side By Side By Sondheim\"). \"Moving On\" ran at The Bridwell Theatre, London, for 32 performances from July 19 to August 19, 2000. The show featured some narration recorded by Sondheim; a CD of the show was released but did not include the Sondheim narrations. In 2001, \"Moving On\" premiered in the U.S. at The Laguna Playhouse in California. David Kernan, repeated his roles as conceiver and director. Three Sondheim vets, Teri Ralston (\"Company\"), Ann Morrison (\"Merrily We Roll Along\") and David Engel (\"Putting It Together\"), lead the revue with Christopher Carothers and Tami Tappan also in the cast. Under a new title, \"Opening Doors\", the show had several performances in New York at Carnegie Hall's Zankel Hall in September and October 2004. Lapine conceived a version of the revue in 2008, titled \"iSondheim: aMusical Revue\", to help celebrate the 40th anniversary of Alliance Theatre company in Atlanta, Georgia. This was structured as a multimedia revue, incorporating \"original and archival commentary\" from Sondheim. The revue was promoted as taking audience members \"to the very heart of Sondheim's life and work.", "They then collaborated on the musical \"Passion\", for which Lapine wrote the book and directed. The musical ran on Broadway in 1994 and in the West End in 1996, receiving a nomination for the Olivier Award for Best New Musical, and winning the Tony Award for Best Musical and Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical, among other awards and nominations. Their latest collaboration is the revue \"Sondheim on Sondheim\", presented on Broadway in 2010 and winning the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical Revue. In 1992 Lapine returned to working with William Finn, and wrote the book and directed the Broadway musical \"Falsettos\". Lapine wrote the book, with Finn composing the music, for \"A New Brain\", which premiered Off-Broadway in 1998. They later worked together with Lapine directing Finn's musical \"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\", which premiered Off-Broadway in 2005 and then transferred to Broadway. The \"New York Times\" reviewer wrote of the \"Spelling Bee\" Broadway transfer that \"Mr. Lapine has sharpened all the musical's elements without betraying its appealing modesty. \" The latest Finn-Lapine work is \"Little Miss Sunshine\", which premiered in 2011 at the La Jolla Playhouse (California). Lapine has also directed dramas, including \"Dirty Blonde\", which ran Off-Broadway and on Broadway in 2000. Conceived by Claudia Shear and Lapine and written by Shear with direction by Lapine, Ben Brantley called Lapine's direction \"stylish and compassionate. \" Lapine was nominated for the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award, for Best Direction of a Play. Lapine directed the 2012 Broadway revival of \"Annie\".", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "James Lapine James Elliot Lapine (born January 10, 1949) is an American stage director, playwright, screenwriter, and librettist. He has won the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical three times, for \"Into the Woods\", \"Falsettos\", and \"Passion\". He has frequently collaborated with Stephen Sondheim and William Finn. Lapine was born in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Lillian (Feld) and David Sanford Lapine. He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1971. Lapine did graduate study in both photography and graphic design at the California Institute of the Arts, where he received an MFA in 1973. He was a photographer, graphic designer, and architectural preservationist and taught design at the Yale School of Drama. At Yale University he wrote an adaptation and directed the Gertrude Stein play \"Photograph\", which was produced Off-Broadway at the Open Space in SoHo in 1977. He proceeded to write and direct Off-Broadway plays and musicals, working with composer William Finn on \"March of the Falsettos\" in 1981 as director; the musical won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Play. Frank Rich, the \"New York Times\" theatre critic, noted \"Mr. Lapine's wildly resourceful staging.\" In 1982 he was introduced to Stephen Sondheim, and they decided to work on a musical together, which became \"Sunday in the Park with George\", with Lapine writing the book and directing with Sondheim's music and lyrics. It was first produced Off-Broadway in 1983 and then transferred to Broadway in 1984. The pair's next musical was \"Into the Woods\", which premiered on Broadway in 1987. Lapine won both the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award for Best Book of a Musical."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Howw did Stephen Sondheim collaborate with James Lapine?", "answer": {"text": "Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984),", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What did they do together at that time?", "answer": {"text": "They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_74b09d5e5b6f470a892e3f656c0e4b85_1_q#3", "question": "Did they collaborate in other projects?", "rewrite": "Did Sondheim and Lapine collaborate in other projects aside from Into the Woods?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["James Lapine James Elliot Lapine (born January 10, 1949) is an American stage director, playwright, screenwriter, and librettist. He has won the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical three times, for \"Into the Woods\", \"Falsettos\", and \"Passion\". He has frequently collaborated with Stephen Sondheim and William Finn. Lapine was born in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Lillian (Feld) and David Sanford Lapine. He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1971. Lapine did graduate study in both photography and graphic design at the California Institute of the Arts, where he received an MFA in 1973. He was a photographer, graphic designer, and architectural preservationist and taught design at the Yale School of Drama. At Yale University he wrote an adaptation and directed the Gertrude Stein play \"Photograph\", which was produced Off-Broadway at the Open Space in SoHo in 1977. He proceeded to write and direct Off-Broadway plays and musicals, working with composer William Finn on \"March of the Falsettos\" in 1981 as director; the musical won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Play. Frank Rich, the \"New York Times\" theatre critic, noted \"Mr. Lapine's wildly resourceful staging.\" In 1982 he was introduced to Stephen Sondheim, and they decided to work on a musical together, which became \"Sunday in the Park with George\", with Lapine writing the book and directing with Sondheim's music and lyrics. It was first produced Off-Broadway in 1983 and then transferred to Broadway in 1984. The pair's next musical was \"Into the Woods\", which premiered on Broadway in 1987. Lapine won both the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award for Best Book of a Musical.", "Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; Gypsy opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theatre and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: \"I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal.\" Sondheim and Prince's collaboration was suspended from Merrily to the 2003 production of Bounce, another failure. However, Sondheim decided \"that there are better places to start a show\" and found a new collaborator in James Lapine after he saw Lapine's Twelve Dreams off-Broadway in 1981: \"I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the Public Theatre\"; Lapine has a taste \"for the avant-garde and for visually-oriented theatre in particular\". Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking Georges Seurat's pointillism. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the play, and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017. They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring rap music to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of \"Into the Woods\"), he attributes the first rap in theatre to Meredith Willson's \"Rock Island\" from The Music Man.", "Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "Sondheim on Sondheim Sondheim on Sondheim is a musical revue consisting of music and lyrics written by Stephen Sondheim for his many shows. It is conceived and directed by James Lapine. The revue had a limited run on Broadway in 2010. The revue is based on a show titled \"Moving On\" devised by David Kernan, and produced in 2000 (Kernan also conceived \"Side By Side By Sondheim\"). \"Moving On\" ran at The Bridwell Theatre, London, for 32 performances from July 19 to August 19, 2000. The show featured some narration recorded by Sondheim; a CD of the show was released but did not include the Sondheim narrations. In 2001, \"Moving On\" premiered in the U.S. at The Laguna Playhouse in California. David Kernan, repeated his roles as conceiver and director. Three Sondheim vets, Teri Ralston (\"Company\"), Ann Morrison (\"Merrily We Roll Along\") and David Engel (\"Putting It Together\"), lead the revue with Christopher Carothers and Tami Tappan also in the cast. Under a new title, \"Opening Doors\", the show had several performances in New York at Carnegie Hall's Zankel Hall in September and October 2004. Lapine conceived a version of the revue in 2008, titled \"iSondheim: aMusical Revue\", to help celebrate the 40th anniversary of Alliance Theatre company in Atlanta, Georgia. This was structured as a multimedia revue, incorporating \"original and archival commentary\" from Sondheim. The revue was promoted as taking audience members \"to the very heart of Sondheim's life and work.", "They then collaborated on the musical \"Passion\", for which Lapine wrote the book and directed. The musical ran on Broadway in 1994 and in the West End in 1996, receiving a nomination for the Olivier Award for Best New Musical, and winning the Tony Award for Best Musical and Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical, among other awards and nominations. Their latest collaboration is the revue \"Sondheim on Sondheim\", presented on Broadway in 2010 and winning the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical Revue. In 1992 Lapine returned to working with William Finn, and wrote the book and directed the Broadway musical \"Falsettos\". Lapine wrote the book, with Finn composing the music, for \"A New Brain\", which premiered Off-Broadway in 1998. They later worked together with Lapine directing Finn's musical \"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\", which premiered Off-Broadway in 2005 and then transferred to Broadway. The \"New York Times\" reviewer wrote of the \"Spelling Bee\" Broadway transfer that \"Mr. Lapine has sharpened all the musical's elements without betraying its appealing modesty. \" The latest Finn-Lapine work is \"Little Miss Sunshine\", which premiered in 2011 at the La Jolla Playhouse (California). Lapine has also directed dramas, including \"Dirty Blonde\", which ran Off-Broadway and on Broadway in 2000. Conceived by Claudia Shear and Lapine and written by Shear with direction by Lapine, Ben Brantley called Lapine's direction \"stylish and compassionate. \" Lapine was nominated for the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award, for Best Direction of a Play. Lapine directed the 2012 Broadway revival of \"Annie\"."], "answer": {"text": "Sondheim and Lapine's last work together was the rhapsodic Passion (1994),", "answer_start": 42}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Howw did Stephen Sondheim collaborate with James Lapine?", "answer": {"text": "Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984),", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What did they do together at that time?", "answer": {"text": "They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Was this collaboration a success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_74b09d5e5b6f470a892e3f656c0e4b85_1_q#4", "question": "Was this last work a success?", "rewrite": "Was Sondheim and Lapine's album Passion a success?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Six by Sondheim Six by Sondheim is an HBO television documentary which pays tribute to Broadway composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim. The film was directed and co-produced by James Lapine, based on an idea by Frank Rich and \"centers on the backstory of six great Sondheim songs.\" The film has performances of six of Sondheim's signature songs: In the documentary, Sondheim himself performs along with Audra McDonald, Jeremy Jordan, Darren Criss, America Ferrera, Jackie Hoffman and Laura Osnes. The documentary contains archival footage as well as footage shot for a revue of Sondheim's music that played on Broadway in 2010 titled \"Sondheim on Sondheim\". The documentary consists of both original short films of several of the songs plus existing material. For example, Lapine directed the part on \"Opening Doors\" which features Criss, Jordan, Ferrera, and Osnes; Todd Haynes directed the film on \"I'm Still Here\" which has Jarvis Cocker; and Autumn De Wilde directed McDonald and Will Swenson in \"Send in the Clowns. \" The film was edited by Miky Wolf who gave an interview to \"The Red Room Podcast\" on episode 68. This interview was then published in the Summer 2014 \"The Sondheim Review\". National Public Radio highly recommended the documentary stating that \"Six\" is \"a superbly compiled work, overseen by two of the people most intimately familiar with the composer himself... If you're new to the works of Stephen Sondheim, this TV special should entice you. If you're already a fan, it should delight you.\" TV Guide stated, \"Sondheim exults in the 'agonizing fun' of his craft. We can only marvel at the results.", "Oscar Carniello Oscar Mat\u00edas Carniello (born 18 September 1988) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a defender, most recently for Torneo Federal A side Boca Unidos. Carniello's career began with Primera B Nacional club Atl\u00e9tico de Rafaela in 2008, he made 61 appearances and scored 5 goals in his first two seasons with Rafaela. In his third season, 2010\u201311, Carniello scored 4 goals in 31 games as the club won promotion to the 2011\u201312 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n. In July 2013, Carniello departed Rafaela to join fellow Primera Divisi\u00f3n side Col\u00f3n. 17 appearances followed prior to him leaving to sign for Chilean Primera Divisi\u00f3n team Everton. However, he participated in just six matches for Everton before returning to Argentina to join San Mart\u00edn in 2014 and subsequently won promotion from Primera B Nacional. Two years later, in July 2016, Carniello rejoined Atl\u00e9tico de Rafaela.", "They then collaborated on the musical \"Passion\", for which Lapine wrote the book and directed. The musical ran on Broadway in 1994 and in the West End in 1996, receiving a nomination for the Olivier Award for Best New Musical, and winning the Tony Award for Best Musical and Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical, among other awards and nominations. Their latest collaboration is the revue \"Sondheim on Sondheim\", presented on Broadway in 2010 and winning the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical Revue. In 1992 Lapine returned to working with William Finn, and wrote the book and directed the Broadway musical \"Falsettos\". Lapine wrote the book, with Finn composing the music, for \"A New Brain\", which premiered Off-Broadway in 1998. They later worked together with Lapine directing Finn's musical \"The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee\", which premiered Off-Broadway in 2005 and then transferred to Broadway. The \"New York Times\" reviewer wrote of the \"Spelling Bee\" Broadway transfer that \"Mr. Lapine has sharpened all the musical's elements without betraying its appealing modesty. \" The latest Finn-Lapine work is \"Little Miss Sunshine\", which premiered in 2011 at the La Jolla Playhouse (California). Lapine has also directed dramas, including \"Dirty Blonde\", which ran Off-Broadway and on Broadway in 2000. Conceived by Claudia Shear and Lapine and written by Shear with direction by Lapine, Ben Brantley called Lapine's direction \"stylish and compassionate. \" Lapine was nominated for the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award, for Best Direction of a Play. Lapine directed the 2012 Broadway revival of \"Annie\".", "Sondheim, concerned that writing lyrics again would pigeonhole him as a lyricist, called his mentor for advice. Hammerstein told him he should take the job, because writing a vehicle for a star would be a good learning experience. Sondheim agreed; Gypsy opened on May 21, 1959, and ran for 702 performances. Merrily's failure greatly affected Sondheim; he was ready to quit theatre and do movies, create video games or write mysteries: \"I wanted to find something to satisfy myself that does not involve Broadway and dealing with all those people who hate me and hate Hal.\" Sondheim and Prince's collaboration was suspended from Merrily to the 2003 production of Bounce, another failure. However, Sondheim decided \"that there are better places to start a show\" and found a new collaborator in James Lapine after he saw Lapine's Twelve Dreams off-Broadway in 1981: \"I was discouraged, and I don't know what would have happened if I hadn't discovered Twelve Dreams at the Public Theatre\"; Lapine has a taste \"for the avant-garde and for visually-oriented theatre in particular\". Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984), with Sondheim's music evoking Georges Seurat's pointillism. Sondheim and Lapine won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for the play, and it was revived on Broadway in 2008, and again in a limited run in 2017. They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales. Although Sondheim has been called the first composer to bring rap music to Broadway (with the Witch in the opening number of \"Into the Woods\"), he attributes the first rap in theatre to Meredith Willson's \"Rock Island\" from The Music Man.", "James Lapine James Elliot Lapine (born January 10, 1949) is an American stage director, playwright, screenwriter, and librettist. He has won the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical three times, for \"Into the Woods\", \"Falsettos\", and \"Passion\". He has frequently collaborated with Stephen Sondheim and William Finn. Lapine was born in Mansfield, Ohio, the son of Lillian (Feld) and David Sanford Lapine. He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1971. Lapine did graduate study in both photography and graphic design at the California Institute of the Arts, where he received an MFA in 1973. He was a photographer, graphic designer, and architectural preservationist and taught design at the Yale School of Drama. At Yale University he wrote an adaptation and directed the Gertrude Stein play \"Photograph\", which was produced Off-Broadway at the Open Space in SoHo in 1977. He proceeded to write and direct Off-Broadway plays and musicals, working with composer William Finn on \"March of the Falsettos\" in 1981 as director; the musical won the Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Play. Frank Rich, the \"New York Times\" theatre critic, noted \"Mr. Lapine's wildly resourceful staging.\" In 1982 he was introduced to Stephen Sondheim, and they decided to work on a musical together, which became \"Sunday in the Park with George\", with Lapine writing the book and directing with Sondheim's music and lyrics. It was first produced Off-Broadway in 1983 and then transferred to Broadway in 1984. The pair's next musical was \"Into the Woods\", which premiered on Broadway in 1987. Lapine won both the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award for Best Book of a Musical."], "answer": {"text": "With a run of 280 performances, Passion was the shortest-running show to win a Tony Award for Best Musical.", "answer_start": 176}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Howw did Stephen Sondheim collaborate with James Lapine?", "answer": {"text": "Their first collaboration was Sunday in the Park with George (1984),", "answer_start": 1077, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "What did they do together at that time?", "answer": {"text": "They collaborated on Into the Woods (1987), a musical based on several Brothers Grimm fairy tales.", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Was this collaboration a success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they collaborate in other projects?", "answer": {"text": "Sondheim and Lapine's last work together was the rhapsodic Passion (1994),", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 4}}]}
{"qid": "C_963a1528a3544f269cb49ee50eab6e0d_1_q#0", "question": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "rewrite": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A4060 road The A4060, also known as the East of Abercynon to East of Dowlais Trunk Road, is a trunk road in Wales. The road starts at A470 The Pentrebach Roundabout South of Merthyr Tydfil. This first stretch is a 3 lane single carriageway road that was the old A470. It then comes to a roundabout by the Hoover Plant and The Premier Inn where there are links to Aberfan and Troedyrhiw via the A4054, Merthyr Town Centre via the A4054 (the old A470). The A4060 then leads to another roundabout a few yards up with turn offs to The Triangle Business Park and the Co Op Supermarket. After this roundabout the road becomes a dual carriageway with quite a steep Hill Climb. After about 3 miles there is another roundabout which has links to Mountain Hare and Dowlais Ind Est and the A4102. The other link is a Mountain Road to Cwm Bargoed and Fochriw. After the Roundabout the dual carriageway continues to Dowlais Top where there are links to Dowlais via the A4102, Neath (Brecon A470) via the A465, Abergavenny via the A465 and Fochriw and ASDA Supermarket Before the new A470 dual carriageway was built between Cefn Coed Y Cymmer and Pentrebach the A4060 was a main alternative route for people coming from the North (Brecon A470) and the West (Neath) via the A465 to avoid traffic hold ups in Merthyr Tydfil town centre.", "A465 road The A465, the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road, is in Wales. The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it joins together the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys. Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey \"Pathfinder\" guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland. The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford. After a short distance on the A49, it crosses the River Wye, the River Monnow and the border into Wales. The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais. Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design. The AbergavennyNeath trunk road opened in 1964. Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242. The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points. Now all of the section of the A465 from Hirwaun to Llandarcy is dual carriageway.", "The highest point (signposted) of is on the Ebbw Vale section which is now dual carriageway and slip roads between Dowlais Top and Tredegar via Rhymney. At Dowlais Top there are link roads such as the A4060, which runs down to the south end of Merthyr Tydfil and links with the A470, and the A4054 which goes through Merthyr Vale and Aberfan. Another link is the A4102 which leads into Dowlais and Merthyr Tydfil town centre. The A465 passes Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil and then continues to Cefn-coed-y-cymmer and the A470 link. It then continues down the floor of the Vale of Neath, bypassing Resolven, Neath and Skewen, before terminating at junction 43 of the M4 at Llandarcy. In 1990, a regional traffic study identified the need for improvements to the A465. In 1994, alternatives were presented for public consultation for the improvement of the 25-mile length between Abergavenny and Hirwaun, connecting the existing A465 dual carriageway link from Swansea to the A40, which is an important part of the route to the M50. In July 1995 the then Secretary of State for Wales announced the preferred route. This mainly consisted of widening the existing road to provide a dual carriageway standard with grade-separated junctions (and extra climbing lanes on certain hills) between Abergavenny and Hirwaun. The design was developed and a draft line order was published in 1997. This was tested at public local inquiry in 1998 after which the Secretary of State for Wales announced the decision to proceed with the scheme in 1999.", "Aylestone School Aylestone School (previously Aylestone Business and Enterprise College) is a co-educational high school in Herefordshire, England, founded in 1976. The curriculum includes business and enterprise skills, English, mathematics, Science, humanities, psychology and modern languages. There are about 500 students, ages 11 through 16. It is situated in the east of Hereford, near the A465 road[A465, and near Hereford Sixth Form College (a highly performing institution), Hereford College of Arts, and Herefordshire College of Technology (HCT). The site was originally called Hereford High School for Girls, a grammar school. Hereford High School for Boys was on Widemarsh Street and was built in 1912. It became the comprehensive Aylestone Business & Enterprise College in 1976, then Aylestone School in 2017. https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/school/116936/aylestone-school/secondary The school has departments in english, maths, science, music, food, computer studies and resistant materials. It also offers psychology, BTEC sport and business studies at GCSE.", "A4109 road The A4109 road links Aberdulais with Glynneath in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. The route begins in Aberdulais at the junction with the A4230 and A465 roads; it diverges northwards away from the A465 up the Dulais Valley and crosses through the settlements of Crynant, Ynysfforch, Seven Sisters, Onllwyn, Dyffryn Cellwen and Banwen where it has a junction with the A4221. The road then continues in a southeasterly direction along the Inter Valley Road to Glynneath where it again connects with the A465."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_963a1528a3544f269cb49ee50eab6e0d_1_q#1", "question": "Who created the band?", "rewrite": "Who created the Darkness band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Now the A465 becomes the primary route between the Midlands to the South Wales Valleys and Swansea; there is a dual-carriageway route to Carmarthen via the A465, M4 and A48. The A40 becomes single carriageway and continues through Abergavenny, following the north side of the Usk valley through the eastern part of the Brecon Beacons National Park until Brecon. At Bwlch, in the section between Abergavenny and Brecon, is one of the highest points of the A40 at above sea level. The A40 is dualled for over as it approaches a junction east of Brecon with the A470 north, which is the main north-south road through mid-Wales. Continuing as a dual carriageway, the A40 and A470 concurrent bypass Brecon to the south, crossing the River Usk here. At the western end of the bypass is a further junction with the A470 south. Beyond this point the A40 continues as a single carriageway, now south of the River Usk, and roughly follows the northern edge of the Brecon Beacons National Park. In Llandovery the road crosses the Heart of Wales railway and the River Tywi; the road, railway and river then run parallel until Llandeilo, where the National Park ends and the railway turns south. The A40 continues west along the Tywi valley to Carmarthen where as a dual carriageway it forms the eastern bypass, meeting the terminus of the A48 at Pensarn. Here the A40 returns to being a primary route westwards.", "The highest point (signposted) of is on the Ebbw Vale section which is now dual carriageway and slip roads between Dowlais Top and Tredegar via Rhymney. At Dowlais Top there are link roads such as the A4060, which runs down to the south end of Merthyr Tydfil and links with the A470, and the A4054 which goes through Merthyr Vale and Aberfan. Another link is the A4102 which leads into Dowlais and Merthyr Tydfil town centre. The A465 passes Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil and then continues to Cefn-coed-y-cymmer and the A470 link. It then continues down the floor of the Vale of Neath, bypassing Resolven, Neath and Skewen, before terminating at junction 43 of the M4 at Llandarcy. In 1990, a regional traffic study identified the need for improvements to the A465. In 1994, alternatives were presented for public consultation for the improvement of the 25-mile length between Abergavenny and Hirwaun, connecting the existing A465 dual carriageway link from Swansea to the A40, which is an important part of the route to the M50. In July 1995 the then Secretary of State for Wales announced the preferred route. This mainly consisted of widening the existing road to provide a dual carriageway standard with grade-separated junctions (and extra climbing lanes on certain hills) between Abergavenny and Hirwaun. The design was developed and a draft line order was published in 1997. This was tested at public local inquiry in 1998 after which the Secretary of State for Wales announced the decision to proceed with the scheme in 1999.", "A4060 road The A4060, also known as the East of Abercynon to East of Dowlais Trunk Road, is a trunk road in Wales. The road starts at A470 The Pentrebach Roundabout South of Merthyr Tydfil. This first stretch is a 3 lane single carriageway road that was the old A470. It then comes to a roundabout by the Hoover Plant and The Premier Inn where there are links to Aberfan and Troedyrhiw via the A4054, Merthyr Town Centre via the A4054 (the old A470). The A4060 then leads to another roundabout a few yards up with turn offs to The Triangle Business Park and the Co Op Supermarket. After this roundabout the road becomes a dual carriageway with quite a steep Hill Climb. After about 3 miles there is another roundabout which has links to Mountain Hare and Dowlais Ind Est and the A4102. The other link is a Mountain Road to Cwm Bargoed and Fochriw. After the Roundabout the dual carriageway continues to Dowlais Top where there are links to Dowlais via the A4102, Neath (Brecon A470) via the A465, Abergavenny via the A465 and Fochriw and ASDA Supermarket Before the new A470 dual carriageway was built between Cefn Coed Y Cymmer and Pentrebach the A4060 was a main alternative route for people coming from the North (Brecon A470) and the West (Neath) via the A465 to avoid traffic hold ups in Merthyr Tydfil town centre.", "A465 road The A465, the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road, is in Wales. The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it joins together the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys. Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey \"Pathfinder\" guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland. The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford. After a short distance on the A49, it crosses the River Wye, the River Monnow and the border into Wales. The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais. Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design. The AbergavennyNeath trunk road opened in 1964. Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242. The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points. Now all of the section of the A465 from Hirwaun to Llandarcy is dual carriageway.", "A4109 road The A4109 road links Aberdulais with Glynneath in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. The route begins in Aberdulais at the junction with the A4230 and A465 roads; it diverges northwards away from the A465 up the Dulais Valley and crosses through the settlements of Crynant, Ynysfforch, Seven Sisters, Onllwyn, Dyffryn Cellwen and Banwen where it has a junction with the A4221. The road then continues in a southeasterly direction along the Inter Valley Road to Glynneath where it again connects with the A465."], "answer": {"text": "Justin Hawkins", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_963a1528a3544f269cb49ee50eab6e0d_1_q#2", "question": "Did they record an album?", "rewrite": "Did The Darkness band record an album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A465 road The A465, the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road, is in Wales. The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it joins together the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys. Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey \"Pathfinder\" guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland. The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford. After a short distance on the A49, it crosses the River Wye, the River Monnow and the border into Wales. The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais. Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design. The AbergavennyNeath trunk road opened in 1964. Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242. The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points. Now all of the section of the A465 from Hirwaun to Llandarcy is dual carriageway.", "The highest point (signposted) of is on the Ebbw Vale section which is now dual carriageway and slip roads between Dowlais Top and Tredegar via Rhymney. At Dowlais Top there are link roads such as the A4060, which runs down to the south end of Merthyr Tydfil and links with the A470, and the A4054 which goes through Merthyr Vale and Aberfan. Another link is the A4102 which leads into Dowlais and Merthyr Tydfil town centre. The A465 passes Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil and then continues to Cefn-coed-y-cymmer and the A470 link. It then continues down the floor of the Vale of Neath, bypassing Resolven, Neath and Skewen, before terminating at junction 43 of the M4 at Llandarcy. In 1990, a regional traffic study identified the need for improvements to the A465. In 1994, alternatives were presented for public consultation for the improvement of the 25-mile length between Abergavenny and Hirwaun, connecting the existing A465 dual carriageway link from Swansea to the A40, which is an important part of the route to the M50. In July 1995 the then Secretary of State for Wales announced the preferred route. This mainly consisted of widening the existing road to provide a dual carriageway standard with grade-separated junctions (and extra climbing lanes on certain hills) between Abergavenny and Hirwaun. The design was developed and a draft line order was published in 1997. This was tested at public local inquiry in 1998 after which the Secretary of State for Wales announced the decision to proceed with the scheme in 1999.", "A4109 road The A4109 road links Aberdulais with Glynneath in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. The route begins in Aberdulais at the junction with the A4230 and A465 roads; it diverges northwards away from the A465 up the Dulais Valley and crosses through the settlements of Crynant, Ynysfforch, Seven Sisters, Onllwyn, Dyffryn Cellwen and Banwen where it has a junction with the A4221. The road then continues in a southeasterly direction along the Inter Valley Road to Glynneath where it again connects with the A465.", "Big Band Record Big Band Record is an album by trombonist Ray Anderson and the George Gruntz Concert Jazz Band which was released on the Gramavision label in 1994. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow stated \"The often riotous trombonist is fortunate to have his complex but always lively music interpreted by quite an all-star group and Gruntz's arrangements give each musician at least one opportunity to solo. ... it is little surprise that this was one of the top jazz albums released in 1994\". All compositions by Ray Anderson except where noted", "A4060 road The A4060, also known as the East of Abercynon to East of Dowlais Trunk Road, is a trunk road in Wales. The road starts at A470 The Pentrebach Roundabout South of Merthyr Tydfil. This first stretch is a 3 lane single carriageway road that was the old A470. It then comes to a roundabout by the Hoover Plant and The Premier Inn where there are links to Aberfan and Troedyrhiw via the A4054, Merthyr Town Centre via the A4054 (the old A470). The A4060 then leads to another roundabout a few yards up with turn offs to The Triangle Business Park and the Co Op Supermarket. After this roundabout the road becomes a dual carriageway with quite a steep Hill Climb. After about 3 miles there is another roundabout which has links to Mountain Hare and Dowlais Ind Est and the A4102. The other link is a Mountain Road to Cwm Bargoed and Fochriw. After the Roundabout the dual carriageway continues to Dowlais Top where there are links to Dowlais via the A4102, Neath (Brecon A470) via the A465, Abergavenny via the A465 and Fochriw and ASDA Supermarket Before the new A470 dual carriageway was built between Cefn Coed Y Cymmer and Pentrebach the A4060 was a main alternative route for people coming from the North (Brecon A470) and the West (Neath) via the A465 to avoid traffic hold ups in Merthyr Tydfil town centre."], "answer": {"text": "Record of the Day,", "answer_start": 718}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the band?", "answer": {"text": "Justin Hawkins", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_963a1528a3544f269cb49ee50eab6e0d_1_q#3", "question": "When did they release Record of the Day?", "rewrite": "When did The Darkness Band release Record of the Day?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A4109 road The A4109 road links Aberdulais with Glynneath in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. The route begins in Aberdulais at the junction with the A4230 and A465 roads; it diverges northwards away from the A465 up the Dulais Valley and crosses through the settlements of Crynant, Ynysfforch, Seven Sisters, Onllwyn, Dyffryn Cellwen and Banwen where it has a junction with the A4221. The road then continues in a southeasterly direction along the Inter Valley Road to Glynneath where it again connects with the A465.", "PixelJunk SideScroller PixelJunk SideScroller is a side-scrolling shoot 'em up game developed by Q-Games for the PlayStation 3 as part of the \"PixelJunk\" series. Visually, it is designed to resemble old vector-based games and is based on the \"Road to Dawn\" bonus stage in \"PixelJunk Shooter 2\". \"PixelJunk SideScroller\" received \"generally favourable reviews\" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.", "The first gigs were either really good or really bad. One of the most talked about gigs in the early years is to be played in Volta, where a girl takes place on a bar stool behind a microphone stand, only to drink wine and smoke cigarettes. In 2003, VPRO 3voor12 and Excelsior Recordings discover the band. On 3voor12 several items about the band are placed in one of which Niels Aalbert (A&R for Universal Music Group in the Netherlands) praises the band for their ambition and commitment, comparing the band to The Lemonheads and Guided by Voices, yet he feels the band would be better at place at a smaller label such as Konkurrent or Excelsior Recordings. The latter take on the challenge, and give the band the gigs and time they need to grow before they can record their debut album. As a taste, the band release a handmade 7\" vinyl split-single featuring the demo version of \"Sparrow\", with the previously unreleased Spinvis song \"Goochelaars en geesten\" as the B-Side. In 2004, Rob decides to leave the band and focus on college even before the band started recording in the studio. A replacement is quickly and easily found: Martien ter Veen. In several sessions LPG record their debut album at the SSE studios in Weesp, with Frans Hagenaars as their producer. They finish recording at the end of 2004, after which the tracks are being mastered in the Wisseloord Studios by Darius van Helfteren. The band find themselves a manager in Sander Zuidema and prepare themselves for the release of their debut album by performing on both the Eurosonic and Noorderslag festival in January 2005. On April 4, 2005, the band release \" I fear no foe\".", "The band is notable for its upbeat demeanor, diverse song subjects, close relationship with its fans, and energetic live shows. Since the group's formation, Patent Pending has released three full-length albums, ten extended plays, and ten singles to date. Patent Pending was formed in 2001 by Joe Ragosta and Drew Buffardi while the two were attending Mount Sinai High School in Mount Sinai, New York. The band was started hastily in order to perform at a local open mic night Ragosta and Buffardi had heard about, recruiting Joe's younger brother Michael on lead vocals, and approaching Anthony Mingoia as he was the only drummer they knew of in their school. Patent Pending began to play shows around Long Island, gaining a consistent following in Nassau County, while the band hailed from adjacent Suffolk County. The group began recording demo CDs with some songs that would go on to be re-recorded and re-released on the band's future albums. The band release its debut EP, \"Meet the Fat Kids\", in 2001, which was self-released and contained only 2 songs. The same year the band release the full-length EP, \"The Pirate House\", which featured both songs from the group's previous EP on it. The name of the EP is a reference to a house decorated like a pirate ship in the band members' home town. Patent Pending released two more EPs in 2002, \"Air Drew\" and \"Drive By\", and second full-length EP, \" Don't Quit Your Day Job\". Later in 2004 the band released the EP, \"... Is Your Biological Father\", filming the group's first music video for the song \"The June Spirit\". In 2005 Patent Pending signed to the record label, We Put Out Records, under the East/West Record Group.", "A465 road The A465, the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road, is in Wales. The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it joins together the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys. Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey \"Pathfinder\" guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland. The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford. After a short distance on the A49, it crosses the River Wye, the River Monnow and the border into Wales. The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais. Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design. The AbergavennyNeath trunk road opened in 1964. Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242. The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points. Now all of the section of the A465 from Hirwaun to Llandarcy is dual carriageway."], "answer": {"text": "around the time of SXSW in March 2003.", "answer_start": 765}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the band?", "answer": {"text": "Justin Hawkins", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record an album?", "answer": {"text": "Record of the Day,", "answer_start": 718, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_963a1528a3544f269cb49ee50eab6e0d_1_q#4", "question": "Were they ever offered a recording deal?", "rewrite": "Were The Darkness Band ever offered a recording deal?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Hefeystos with progressive rock influenced sound released two albums, eventually split up in 2000, while Tower was disbanded in the late 1990s, also with two albums released. Only Sirrah reached short-lived recognition in Europe with a recording deal from Music for Nations. Disbanded in 1998 group was reformed in 2013 and is still active. The second wave of gothic bands includes Artrosis, Lorien (both founded in 1995), Aion, Desdemona (both founded in 1996), Sator later renamed Delight (founded in 1997), and Via Mistica (founded in 1998) among others. Artrosis quickly reached popularity in Poland with albums released by local label Morbid Noizz Productions. In the late 1990s Artrosis became subject of interest from Tilo Wolffs label Hall of Sermon witch released English version of one of their albums. Band reached its popularity in the early 2000s with a contract from Metal Mind Productions. Till 2011 band released seven Polish and four English language albums remaining active. Loriens highlight came with debut album released by underground labels in Europe, USA, and Australia with promotion from Polskie Radio in home country. After several line-up changes and one more album released Lorien split up in 2005. Eight years later the group was reformed and is still active. While Aion gained some European acclaim with two albums released by Massacre Records, and Impact Records. In later years band remained local act with recording deal from Metal Mind Productions. Eventually changing style to modern heavy metal on fifth album, Aion disbanded after its release in 2004. Although Desdemonas debut album was released in Japan, band became local act with albums released by Metal Mind Productions, eventually dropping gothic metal style for industrial with four album released till 2014, and recording deal from Danse Macabre Records.", "The highest point (signposted) of is on the Ebbw Vale section which is now dual carriageway and slip roads between Dowlais Top and Tredegar via Rhymney. At Dowlais Top there are link roads such as the A4060, which runs down to the south end of Merthyr Tydfil and links with the A470, and the A4054 which goes through Merthyr Vale and Aberfan. Another link is the A4102 which leads into Dowlais and Merthyr Tydfil town centre. The A465 passes Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil and then continues to Cefn-coed-y-cymmer and the A470 link. It then continues down the floor of the Vale of Neath, bypassing Resolven, Neath and Skewen, before terminating at junction 43 of the M4 at Llandarcy. In 1990, a regional traffic study identified the need for improvements to the A465. In 1994, alternatives were presented for public consultation for the improvement of the 25-mile length between Abergavenny and Hirwaun, connecting the existing A465 dual carriageway link from Swansea to the A40, which is an important part of the route to the M50. In July 1995 the then Secretary of State for Wales announced the preferred route. This mainly consisted of widening the existing road to provide a dual carriageway standard with grade-separated junctions (and extra climbing lanes on certain hills) between Abergavenny and Hirwaun. The design was developed and a draft line order was published in 1997. This was tested at public local inquiry in 1998 after which the Secretary of State for Wales announced the decision to proceed with the scheme in 1999.", "A465 road The A465, the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road, is in Wales. The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it joins together the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys. Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey \"Pathfinder\" guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland. The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford. After a short distance on the A49, it crosses the River Wye, the River Monnow and the border into Wales. The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais. Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design. The AbergavennyNeath trunk road opened in 1964. Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242. The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points. Now all of the section of the A465 from Hirwaun to Llandarcy is dual carriageway.", "A4060 road The A4060, also known as the East of Abercynon to East of Dowlais Trunk Road, is a trunk road in Wales. The road starts at A470 The Pentrebach Roundabout South of Merthyr Tydfil. This first stretch is a 3 lane single carriageway road that was the old A470. It then comes to a roundabout by the Hoover Plant and The Premier Inn where there are links to Aberfan and Troedyrhiw via the A4054, Merthyr Town Centre via the A4054 (the old A470). The A4060 then leads to another roundabout a few yards up with turn offs to The Triangle Business Park and the Co Op Supermarket. After this roundabout the road becomes a dual carriageway with quite a steep Hill Climb. After about 3 miles there is another roundabout which has links to Mountain Hare and Dowlais Ind Est and the A4102. The other link is a Mountain Road to Cwm Bargoed and Fochriw. After the Roundabout the dual carriageway continues to Dowlais Top where there are links to Dowlais via the A4102, Neath (Brecon A470) via the A465, Abergavenny via the A465 and Fochriw and ASDA Supermarket Before the new A470 dual carriageway was built between Cefn Coed Y Cymmer and Pentrebach the A4060 was a main alternative route for people coming from the North (Brecon A470) and the West (Neath) via the A465 to avoid traffic hold ups in Merthyr Tydfil town centre.", "In 2008, she gained national acceptance throughout Ghana by becoming the first runner up in Charterhouse\u2019s \"Stars of The Future\" television show. She lost to Irene Logan, but secured herself a three-year recording deal. The recording deal enabled her and Irene to do a collaborative album titled \"Unveiled\", which was released in South Africa. Following the conclusion of her recording deal with Charterhouse, Efya continued to record songs and perform at local gigs. She changed her stage name from Miss Jane to Efya prior to going solo. In an interview posted on the Modern Ghana website, Efya said, \"When I decided to go solo, it made sense at the time to reinvent myself in every way, I wanted a name that was African and unique but at the same time relevant to me in some way. My manager, Jimmi, helped me come up with the name Efya\". In 2011, she signed a recording deal with One Nation Entertainment. \"T.I.N.T\", an acronym for \" This Is Not The Album\", was released on November 12, 2013. The mixtape comprises 13 tracks and was released as a precursor to \"Janesis\". It was also released for free digital download and was supported by two singles: \"Getaway\" and \"Best In Me\". On November 10, 2011, Efya released the mixtape's lead single \"Getaway\". The music video for the song was shot and directed in and around Accra by Sony Addo. On 14 February 2012, Efya released the mixtape's second single \"Best In Me\". Directed by OJ of Big OJ Films, the music video for the song was uploaded onto YouTube on September 2013. The mixtape is composed of songs that were released between 2011 and 2013. It features a guest appearance from Black Magic."], "answer": {"text": "As part of Sony Music UK, Raphael had attempted to sign them but the band instead opted to go with Atlantic Records.", "answer_start": 1386}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the band?", "answer": {"text": "Justin Hawkins", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record an album?", "answer": {"text": "Record of the Day,", "answer_start": 718, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they release Record of the Day?", "answer": {"text": "around the time of SXSW in March 2003.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_963a1528a3544f269cb49ee50eab6e0d_1_q#5", "question": "Is there anything significant about the band's history?", "rewrite": "Is there anything significant about the Darkness Band's history?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A4060 road The A4060, also known as the East of Abercynon to East of Dowlais Trunk Road, is a trunk road in Wales. The road starts at A470 The Pentrebach Roundabout South of Merthyr Tydfil. This first stretch is a 3 lane single carriageway road that was the old A470. It then comes to a roundabout by the Hoover Plant and The Premier Inn where there are links to Aberfan and Troedyrhiw via the A4054, Merthyr Town Centre via the A4054 (the old A470). The A4060 then leads to another roundabout a few yards up with turn offs to The Triangle Business Park and the Co Op Supermarket. After this roundabout the road becomes a dual carriageway with quite a steep Hill Climb. After about 3 miles there is another roundabout which has links to Mountain Hare and Dowlais Ind Est and the A4102. The other link is a Mountain Road to Cwm Bargoed and Fochriw. After the Roundabout the dual carriageway continues to Dowlais Top where there are links to Dowlais via the A4102, Neath (Brecon A470) via the A465, Abergavenny via the A465 and Fochriw and ASDA Supermarket Before the new A470 dual carriageway was built between Cefn Coed Y Cymmer and Pentrebach the A4060 was a main alternative route for people coming from the North (Brecon A470) and the West (Neath) via the A465 to avoid traffic hold ups in Merthyr Tydfil town centre.", "The highest point (signposted) of is on the Ebbw Vale section which is now dual carriageway and slip roads between Dowlais Top and Tredegar via Rhymney. At Dowlais Top there are link roads such as the A4060, which runs down to the south end of Merthyr Tydfil and links with the A470, and the A4054 which goes through Merthyr Vale and Aberfan. Another link is the A4102 which leads into Dowlais and Merthyr Tydfil town centre. The A465 passes Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil and then continues to Cefn-coed-y-cymmer and the A470 link. It then continues down the floor of the Vale of Neath, bypassing Resolven, Neath and Skewen, before terminating at junction 43 of the M4 at Llandarcy. In 1990, a regional traffic study identified the need for improvements to the A465. In 1994, alternatives were presented for public consultation for the improvement of the 25-mile length between Abergavenny and Hirwaun, connecting the existing A465 dual carriageway link from Swansea to the A40, which is an important part of the route to the M50. In July 1995 the then Secretary of State for Wales announced the preferred route. This mainly consisted of widening the existing road to provide a dual carriageway standard with grade-separated junctions (and extra climbing lanes on certain hills) between Abergavenny and Hirwaun. The design was developed and a draft line order was published in 1997. This was tested at public local inquiry in 1998 after which the Secretary of State for Wales announced the decision to proceed with the scheme in 1999.", "In October 2018, Cabinet Members allocated \u00a31 million to a future scheme that would \"extend the Aberdare Bypass and link the A4059 to the A465 Heads of the Valleys Road\", which is also due to be improved. In July 2019, Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council began traffic monitoring exercises around the A4059 to assess traffic flow, which would inform the planned future development. The proposed extension is part of a wider investment programme currently being undertaken by Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council. This project would connect key parts of Aberdare directly to the A465 at Croesbychan, which would reduce journey times and relieve Penywaun and Hirwaun of excessive traffic flow.", "A465 road The A465, the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road, is in Wales. The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it joins together the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys. Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey \"Pathfinder\" guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland. The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford. After a short distance on the A49, it crosses the River Wye, the River Monnow and the border into Wales. The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais. Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design. The AbergavennyNeath trunk road opened in 1964. Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242. The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points. Now all of the section of the A465 from Hirwaun to Llandarcy is dual carriageway.", "A4109 road The A4109 road links Aberdulais with Glynneath in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. The route begins in Aberdulais at the junction with the A4230 and A465 roads; it diverges northwards away from the A465 up the Dulais Valley and crosses through the settlements of Crynant, Ynysfforch, Seven Sisters, Onllwyn, Dyffryn Cellwen and Banwen where it has a junction with the A4221. The road then continues in a southeasterly direction along the Inter Valley Road to Glynneath where it again connects with the A465."], "answer": {"text": "there was no initial clamour to sign the band, \"There couldn't have been less of a buzz, and only two record labels showed any interest in them.", "answer_start": 964}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the band?", "answer": {"text": "Justin Hawkins", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record an album?", "answer": {"text": "Record of the Day,", "answer_start": 718, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they release Record of the Day?", "answer": {"text": "around the time of SXSW in March 2003.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they ever offered a recording deal?", "answer": {"text": "As part of Sony Music UK, Raphael had attempted to sign them but the band instead opted to go with Atlantic Records.", "answer_start": 1386, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_963a1528a3544f269cb49ee50eab6e0d_1_q#6", "question": "What were the two record labels?", "rewrite": "What were the two records labels by The Darkness Band?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A465 road The A465, the Neath to Abergavenny Trunk Road, is in Wales. The section westwards from Abergavenny is more commonly known as the Heads of the Valleys Road because it joins together the northern heads of the South Wales Valleys. Approximately following the southern boundary of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Ordnance Survey \"Pathfinder\" guide describes it as the unofficial border between rural and industrial South Wales. The A465 provides an alternative route between England and the counties in South West Wales and to the ferries to Ireland. The A465 runs southwest from Bromyard towards the River Lugg, from where it runs concurrently with the A4103 for a short distance before entering Hereford. After a short distance on the A49, it crosses the River Wye, the River Monnow and the border into Wales. The A465 meets the A40 trunk road in Abergavenny and continues west through the heads of the valleys region past Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale, Tredegar, Rhymney, Merthyr Tydfil, Hirwaun, Glynneath and Aberdulais. Even before the construction of the Heads of the Valleys road began in the 1960s, there were concerns and complaints regarding the capacity and safety of a single carriageway, three-lane design. The AbergavennyNeath trunk road opened in 1964. Until 1996, the A465 ran for most of its length between Glynneath and Aberdulais along a narrow single carriageway road, now redesignated as the B4242. The high accident rate on this stretch was one of the factors leading to the construction of a dual carriageway between these points. Now all of the section of the A465 from Hirwaun to Llandarcy is dual carriageway.", "A4060 road The A4060, also known as the East of Abercynon to East of Dowlais Trunk Road, is a trunk road in Wales. The road starts at A470 The Pentrebach Roundabout South of Merthyr Tydfil. This first stretch is a 3 lane single carriageway road that was the old A470. It then comes to a roundabout by the Hoover Plant and The Premier Inn where there are links to Aberfan and Troedyrhiw via the A4054, Merthyr Town Centre via the A4054 (the old A470). The A4060 then leads to another roundabout a few yards up with turn offs to The Triangle Business Park and the Co Op Supermarket. After this roundabout the road becomes a dual carriageway with quite a steep Hill Climb. After about 3 miles there is another roundabout which has links to Mountain Hare and Dowlais Ind Est and the A4102. The other link is a Mountain Road to Cwm Bargoed and Fochriw. After the Roundabout the dual carriageway continues to Dowlais Top where there are links to Dowlais via the A4102, Neath (Brecon A470) via the A465, Abergavenny via the A465 and Fochriw and ASDA Supermarket Before the new A470 dual carriageway was built between Cefn Coed Y Cymmer and Pentrebach the A4060 was a main alternative route for people coming from the North (Brecon A470) and the West (Neath) via the A465 to avoid traffic hold ups in Merthyr Tydfil town centre.", "A4109 road The A4109 road links Aberdulais with Glynneath in Neath Port Talbot county borough, Wales. The route begins in Aberdulais at the junction with the A4230 and A465 roads; it diverges northwards away from the A465 up the Dulais Valley and crosses through the settlements of Crynant, Ynysfforch, Seven Sisters, Onllwyn, Dyffryn Cellwen and Banwen where it has a junction with the A4221. The road then continues in a southeasterly direction along the Inter Valley Road to Glynneath where it again connects with the A465.", "The highest point (signposted) of is on the Ebbw Vale section which is now dual carriageway and slip roads between Dowlais Top and Tredegar via Rhymney. At Dowlais Top there are link roads such as the A4060, which runs down to the south end of Merthyr Tydfil and links with the A470, and the A4054 which goes through Merthyr Vale and Aberfan. Another link is the A4102 which leads into Dowlais and Merthyr Tydfil town centre. The A465 passes Prince Charles Hospital in Merthyr Tydfil and then continues to Cefn-coed-y-cymmer and the A470 link. It then continues down the floor of the Vale of Neath, bypassing Resolven, Neath and Skewen, before terminating at junction 43 of the M4 at Llandarcy. In 1990, a regional traffic study identified the need for improvements to the A465. In 1994, alternatives were presented for public consultation for the improvement of the 25-mile length between Abergavenny and Hirwaun, connecting the existing A465 dual carriageway link from Swansea to the A40, which is an important part of the route to the M50. In July 1995 the then Secretary of State for Wales announced the preferred route. This mainly consisted of widening the existing road to provide a dual carriageway standard with grade-separated junctions (and extra climbing lanes on certain hills) between Abergavenny and Hirwaun. The design was developed and a draft line order was published in 1997. This was tested at public local inquiry in 1998 after which the Secretary of State for Wales announced the decision to proceed with the scheme in 1999.", "Independent record label An independent record label (or indie label) is a record label that operates without the funding of major record labels; they are a type of small to medium-sized enterprise, or SME. The labels and artists are often represented by trade associations in their country or region, which in turn are represented by the international trade body, the Worldwide Independent Network (WIN). Many of the labels started as producers and distributor of specific genres of music, such as jazz music, or represent something new and non-mainstream, such as Elvis Presley in the early days. Today, music appearing on indie labels is often referred to as indie music, or more specifically by genre, such as indie hip-hop. Independent record labels are small companies that produce and distribute records. They are not affiliated with or funded by the three major records labels. According to SoundScan and the Recording Industry Association of America, indie labels produce and distribute about 66% of music titles, but only account for 20% of sales. Many artists begin their careers on independent labels. The distinction between major and independent labels is not always clear. The traditional definition of a major label is a label that owns its distribution channel. Some independent labels, particularly those with successful artists, sign dual-release, or distribution only agreements with major labels. They may also rely on international licensing deals and other arrangements with major labels. Major labels sometimes fully or partially acquire independent labels. Other nominally independent labels are started and sometimes run by artists on major labels but are still fully or partially owned by the major label. These labels are frequently referred to as vanity labels or boutique labels, and are intended to appease established artists or allow them to discover and promote newer artists."], "answer": {"text": "As part of Sony Music UK, Raphael had attempted to sign them but the band instead opted to go with Atlantic Records.", "answer_start": 1386}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Darkness band form?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who created the band?", "answer": {"text": "Justin Hawkins", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record an album?", "answer": {"text": "Record of the Day,", "answer_start": 718, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they release Record of the Day?", "answer": {"text": "around the time of SXSW in March 2003.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they ever offered a recording deal?", "answer": {"text": "As part of Sony Music UK, Raphael had attempted to sign them but the band instead opted to go with Atlantic Records.", "answer_start": 1386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything significant about the band's history?", "answer": {"text": "there was no initial clamour to sign the band, \"There couldn't have been less of a buzz, and only two record labels showed any interest in them.", "answer_start": 964, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#0", "question": "What happened in 2014?", "rewrite": "What happened in 2014?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Karlsruhe got two goals from Rouwen Hennings and a goal from Hiroki Yamada. 1860 Munich finished matchday 17 in 16th place. Matchday 18 happened on 17 December 2014 against Kaiserslautern. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Yannick Stark scored for 1860 Munich and Markus Karl scored for Kaiserslautern. 1860 Munich finished matchday 18 in 16th place. Matchday 19 happened on 22 December 2014 against Leipzig. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Rubin Okotie scored for 1860 Munich and Yussuf Poulsen scored for Leipzig. 1860 Munich finished matchday 19 in 15th place. Matchday 20 happened on 9 February 2015 against Heidenheim. Heidenheim won the match 2\u20131. Rubin Okotie scored for 1860 Munich. Tim G\u00f6hlert and Florian Niederlechner scored for Heidenheim. Ilie S\u00e1nchez was sent-off during the match. 1860 Munich finished matchday 20 in 16th place. Matchday 21 happened on 15 February 2015 against Darmstadt. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Jannik Bandowski scored for 1860 Munich and Leon Balogun scored for Darmstadt. 1860 Munich finished matchday 21 in 16th place. Matchday 22 happened on 21 February 2015 against St. Pauli. 1860 Munich won the match 2\u20131. 1860 Munich got an own goal from S\u00f6ren Gonther and a goal from Marius Wolf. Christopher N\u00f6the scored for St. Pauli. 1860 Munich finished matchday 22 in 15th place. Matchday 23 happened on 2 March 2015 against Ingolstadt. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Jannik Bandowski scored for 1860 Munich and Danilo scored for Ingolstadt. 1860 Munich finished matchday 23 in 15th place. Matchday 24 happened on 8 March 2015 against Sandhausen.", "Leonardo and Yannick Stark scored for 1860 Munich. John Verhoek scored for St. Pauli. 1860 Munich finished matchday five in 11th place. Matchday six happened on 20 September 2014 against FC Ingolstadt 04. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Rubin Okotie scored for 1860 Munich and Pascal Gro\u00df scored for Ingolstadt. 1860 Munich finished matchday six in 12th place. Matchday seven happened on 23 September 2014 against SV Sandhausen. Sandhausen won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Andrew Wooten. Lukas K\u00fcbler was sent-off during the match. 1860 Munich finished matchday seven in 13th place. Matchday eight happened on 26 September 2014 against Greuther F\u00fcrth. 1860 Munich won 2\u20130 with goals from Rubin Okotie and Ilie S\u00e1nchez. 1860 Munich finished matchday eight in 12th place. Matchday nine happened on 3 October 2014 against VfR Aalen. Aalen won 2\u20130 with goals from Fabian Wei\u00df and Arne Feick. 1860 Munich finished matchday nine in 15th place. Matchday 10 happened on 19 October 2014 against Erzgebirge Aue. Erzgebirge Aue won the match 4\u20131. Valdet Rama scored for 1860 Munich. Ren\u00e9 Klingbeil, Arvydas Novikovas, Romario Kortzorg, and Rico Benatelli scored for Erzgebirge Aue. 1860 Munich finished matchday 10 in 17th place. Matchday 11 happened on 26 October 2014 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Eintracht Braunschweig won the match 2\u20131. Christopher Schindler scored for 2860 Munich. Hendrick Zuck and Raffael Korte scored for Eintracht Braunschweig. 1860 Munich finished matchday 11 in 18th place (last). 1860", "2014\u201315 TSV 1860 Munich season The 2014\u201315 TSV 1860 Munich season happened between 4 August 2014 and 2 June 2015. Matchday one happened on 4 August 2014 against 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Kaiserslautern won the match 3\u20132. Rubin Okotie scored two goals for 1860 Munich. Kaiserslautern got two goals from Sr\u0111an Laki\u0107, including one from the penalty mark, and a goal from Philipp Hofmann. Tobias Sippel was sent-off during the match. 1860 Munich finished matchday one in 15th place. Matchday two happened on 10 August 2014 against RB Leipzig. Leipzig won the match 3\u20130 with goals from Yussuf Poulsen, Matthias Morys, and Denis Thomalla. 1860 Munich finished matchday two in 17th place. On 17 August 2014, 1860 Munich faced Holstein Kiel in the first round of the German Cup. 1860 Munich won the match 2\u20131. Rubin Okotie scored two goals for 1860 Munich, including one from the penalty mark. Tim Siedschlag scored for Holstein Kiel. Matchday three happened on 22 August 2014 against 1. FC Heidenheim. The match finished in a 2\u20132 draw. Rubin Okotie and Leonardo scored for 1860 Munich. Florian Niederlechner and  Sebastian Griesbeck scored for Heidenheim. Smail Morabit was sent-off during the match. 1860 Munich finished matchday three in 17th place. Matchday four happened on 31 August 2014 against SV Darmstadt 98. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Rubin Okotie scored for 1860 Munich and Dominik Stroh-Engel scored for Darmstadt. 1860 Munich finished matchday four in 16th place. Matchday five happened on 14 September 2014 against FC St. Pauli. 1860 Munich won the match 2\u20131.", "Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt got a goal from Olivier Caillas and a goal from the penalty spot from Nils Pfingsten-Reddig. The 23rd match happened on 12 February 2011 against Hansa Rostock. Hansa Rostock won 2\u20130 with goals from Mohammed Lartey and Radovan Vujanovi\u0107. The 24th match happened on 16 February 2011 against Jahn Regensburg. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20130 with a goal from Pascal Testroet and a goal from the penalty spot from Felix Kroos. The 25th match happened on 19 February 2011 against Koblenz. Koblenz won 2\u20130 with goals from Andr\u00e9 Hahn and Manuel Hornig. The 26th match happened on 26 February 2011 against Stuttgart II. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II and Alexander Aschauer scored for Stuttgart II. Kevin Maek was sent-off during the match. The 27th match happened on 5 March 2011 against Unterhaching. Unterhaching won 2\u20130 with goals from Markus Schwabl and Abdenour Amachaibou. The 28th match happened on 11 March 2011 against Babelsberg. Werder Bremen II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Stefan Ronneburg. The 29th match happened on 19 March 2011 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won 2\u20131. Kevin Schindler scored for Werder Bremen II. Darlington Omodiagbe and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. The 30th match happened on 1 April 2011 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. The 31st match happened on 6 April 2011 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20131. Predrag Stevanovi\u0107 scored two goals for Werder Bremen II.", "Munich faced SC Freiburg in the second round of the German Cup on 29 October 2014. Valdet Rama and Rubin Okotie scored for 1860 Munich. Freiburg got three goals from Admir Mehmedi, a goal from Sebastian Freis, and a goal from Jonathan Schmid. Matchday 12 happened on 2 November 2014 against VfL Bochum. 1860 Munich won 3\u20130 with two goals from Rubin Okotie and a goal from Daniel Adlung. 1860 Munich finished matchday 12 in 14th place. Matchday 13 happened on 10 November 2014 against Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf. Fortuna D\u00fcsseldorf won 1\u20130 with a goal from Bruno Soares. 1860 Munich finished matchday 13 in 15th place. Matchday 14 happened on 22 November 2014 against Union Berlin. 1860 Munich won the match 4\u20131. 1860 Munich won the match 4\u20131. 1860 Munich got two goals from Rubin Okotie and a goal from Daniel Adlung, and a goal from Valdet Rama. Sebastian Polter scored for Union Berlin. 1860 Munich finished matchday 14 in 12th place. Matchday 15 happened on 30 November 2014 against FSV Frankfurt. Frankfurt won the match 2\u20130 with goals from Zlatko Dedi\u0107 and Mario Engels. 1860 Munich finished matchday 15 in 15th place. Matchday 16 happened on 8 December 2014 against 1. FC N\u00fcrnberg. N\u00fcrnberg won the match 2\u20131. 1860 Munich got their goal from an own goal by J\u00fcrgen M\u00f6ssmer. Alessandro Sch\u00f6pf and Jakub Sylvestr. Martin Angha was sent-off during the match. 1860 Munich finished matchday 16 in 16th place. Matchday 17 happened on 13 December 2014 against Karlsruher SC. Karlsruhe won the match 3\u20132. Maximilian Wittek and Rubin Okotie scored for 1860 Munich."], "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#1", "question": "Was this a champion game?", "rewrite": "Was the Sony Open Tennis a champion game?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2013 Sony Open Tennis The 2013 Sony Open Tennis (also known as 2013 Miami Masters), a men's and women's tennis tournament, was the 29th edition of the Miami Masters event and played on outdoor hard courts at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Miami. The tournament was held from March 18 to 31, 2013, and was part of the 2013 ATP World Tour and the 2013 WTA Tour, classified as an ATP World Tour Masters 1000 and a Premier Mandatory event, respectively. The total commitment prize money for this year's event was $5,185,625 each (WTA Tour and ATP World Tour). The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following player received entry using a protected ranking into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following players received entry as lucky losers: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: The following players received wildcards into the main draw: The following player received entry using a protected ranking into the main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following players received entry as lucky loser: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: The following pair received entry as alternates:", "The branding was designed by the Wolff Olins consultancy. The campaign lasted until 2009 when it was replaced by multicoloured Sony Ericsson icons using Sony's slogan \"make.believe\". During 2010, in 11 months, Sony Ericsson's Facebook fan count rose from 300,000 to 4 million to become the 40th-largest brand on the social networking site. The company aims to capitalise on this fanbase and increase engagement by profiling these fans and matching them to dedicated content. It will also analyse the top commenters on the Facebook page and ensure engagement through special content and offering these fans the chance to visit Sony Ericsson offices. From 2007 to 2014, Sony Ericsson / Sony Mobile sponsored the Sony Ericsson Open tennis tournament in Miami. According to the head of global marketing partnerships, Stephan Croix, \u201cour sport sponsorships allow us to promote our phones in a subtle and authentic way to our fanbase. Our promise to fans is to enrich their experience during the game but also before and after.\u201d Sony Ericsson Open was renamed to Sony Open Tennis in 2013. Sony Mobile is also a partner with the UEFA Champions League and sponsored the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.", "She successfully defended her Australian Open crown after defeating Li Na in the final, claiming her second Major. Despite defending her Qatar Total Open title and defeating Williams for the first time since 2009 in the final, Azarenka relinquished her number 1 ranking to Williams. At the BNP Paribas Open, she withdrew before her quarterfinals match against Caroline Wozniacki and missed Sony Open Tennis. She reached the final of Internazionali BNL d'Italia losing to Williams in two sets. She reached the semifinals of the French Open for the first time in her career losing to Maria Sharapova in three sets. At Wimbledon, she withdrew before her second round match against Flavia Pennetta due to a knee injury. She returned to competition at the Southern California Open and lost in the final to Samantha Stosur. She then won her 3rd title at the Western & Southern Open, defeating Williams for the second time in the season. Azarenka reached the final of the US Open where she lost to Williams in three sets. In the Toray Pan Pacific Open and China Open, Azarenka suffered two consecutive losses in her opening matches against Venus Williams and Andrea Petkovic, respectively. On 23 September, Maria Sharapova and Agnieszka Radwa\u0144ska were announced as the third and fourth qualifiers for the Championships. Maria Sharapova began her year at the Australian Open as the second seed, dropping a record-low nine games en route to the semifinals, where she lost to Li Na in straight sets. She won her first title of the year at the BNP Paribas Open defeating Caroline Wozniacki in the final. She followed it up with a final appearance at the Sony Open Tennis where she lost to Serena Williams. She began her clay-court season campaign with a successful title-defense in Porsche Tennis Grand Prix over Li.", "2014 Sony Open Tennis The 2014 Sony Open Tennis (also known as 2014 Miami Masters) was a professional men and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 30th edition of the Miami Masters, and was part of the Masters 1000 category on the 2014 ATP World Tour, and of the Premier Mandatory category on the 2014 WTA Tour. All men and women's events took place at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida, United States, from March 17 through March 30, 2014. The total commitment prize money for this year's event was $5,649,405 for men and $5,427,105 for women (WTA Tour and ATP World Tour). The following are the seeded players. Rankings and seedings are according to ATP rankings on March 17, 2014. The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following players received entry as lucky losers: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: The following are the seeded players. Rankings and seedings are according to WTA rankings on March 3, 2014. Points before is as of March 17, 2014. The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: The following players received entry using a protected ranking into the singles main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: The following player received entry as a lucky loser: The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw: The following pair received entry as alternates:", "2014 Sony Open Tennis \u2013 Men's Singles The 2014 Sony Open Tennis \u2013 Men's Singles was the main men's event of the 2014 Sony Open Tennis tennis tournament played in Key Biscane, USA from March 17 through March 30, 2014. Andy Murray was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Novak Djokovic. Djokovic went on to win the title, defeating Rafael Nadal in the final, 6\u20133, 6\u20133. This was the first tour event of any level in the Open Era where two semifinalists issued walkovers to their opponents, resulting in no matches in the semifinal round. The first round match between Jarkko Nieminen and Bernard Tomic lasted 28 minutes and 20 seconds, thus becoming the shortest recorded professional tennis match in Open Era history. All seeds receive a bye into the second round. Andrey Golubev (Qualified)"], "answer": {"text": "the finals of the tournament", "answer_start": 397}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#2", "question": "How many points did she get?", "rewrite": "How many points did Martina get?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Engineering Campus (University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign) The Engineering Campus is the colloquial name for the portions of campus surrounding the Bardeen Quadrangle and the Beckman Quadrangle at the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. It is an area of approximately 30 square blocks, roughly bounded by Green Street on the south, Wright Street on the west, University Avenue on the north, and Gregory Street on the east. The Bardeen Quadrangle, named for John Bardeen, is the central part of the Engineering Campus and home to most of the undergraduate facilities. As such, it is often known as the Engineering Quadrangle. The Boneyard Creek runs through the middle of the quad. Starting at Engineering Hall going clockwise: Engineering Hall is the administrative center for the College of Engineering and prominently faces the Illini Union across Green Street. In addition to dozens of administrative offices and conference rooms, there are numerous classrooms and a pair of computer labs for student use. Many engineering-related student organizations are based in Engineering Hall as well, including the professional societies such as Engineering Council, SHPE, and others. The rear side of Engineering Hall includes a veranda overlooking the Boneyard Creek toward Grainger Library. Engineering Hall is the only building on campus to fully sport university colors with its recognizable orange brickwork. Everitt Lab was the former home of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. The building is named after the renowned ECE professor William L. Everitt. The 4th floor contains communications and silicon chip manufacturing labs, and the Integrated Circuits Fabrication Lab is located in the lower levels. As the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering moved to the newly constructed Electrical and Computer Engineering Building in the summer of 2014, Everitt Lab is now being used as home of the Department of Bioengineering and additional engineering classroom space.", "University of Arkansas College of Engineering The College of Engineering is the University of Arkansas' college for engineering students. The first engineering degree awarded by the University was in civil engineering in 1888. At the time, it was known as Arkansas Industrial University, and did not have a separate engineering college. The College of Engineering was established in 1913. In 2006, a solar boat built by University of Arkansas mechanical engineering students and electrical engineering students won the Collegiate World Championships. There are eight different undergraduate degree programs, with 31 graduate degree programs, currently offered. The Industrial Engineering graduate program ranked 26th in the nation, and the Engineering program as a whole finished 98th, and is one of the \"best values\" for Arkansas students nationally. Prior to the establishment of a separate engineering college, education was conducted in Old Main. Engineering Hall, now known as the John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall became the primary engineering facility upon completion in 1927. In 1964, Mechanical Engineering and Electrical Engineering moved to the new Mechanical Engineering Building and Science Engineering Hall, respectively. Mechanical Engineering remains the only department separated from the others, located one block west at 845 West Dickson. The Department of Electrical Engineering moved with the remaining departments to Bell Engineering Center at 800 West Dickson upon its completion in 1987. Science Engineering Hall, at 850 West Dickson, continues to be used for classroom space by the various engineering departments. A closed factory in south Fayetteville was purchased in 1983, now known as the Engineering Research Center at 600 West Research Center Boulevard. The Nanoscale Material Science and Engineering Building (known as the Nano Building), housing the microelectronics-photonics (MicroEP) program opened September 2011 at 731 West Dickson. The program is coordinated between several engineering departments, science departments, physics department, poultry science department, and the University of Arkansas Graduate School.", "Old Engineering Hall Old Engineering Hall is an academic building at 3943 O'Hara Street on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The building was completed for $1.2 million($ million today) in October, 1955. The seven floor building connects Allen Hall and Thaw Hall, as well as the which was added later. The frieze around the top of the building includes bas-relief of the insignia of several engineering societies. Originally called Engineering Hall, it initially contained engineering offices, classrooms, laboratories, a library, and in the basement, a wind tunnel for the aeronautical engineering department testing of airfoil surfaces. When the School of Engineering moved into Benedum Hall in 1971, it began to house a variety of psychology and other labs, as well as Art and Sciences instruction labs on the 3rd floor, and the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures. Renovations, upgrades, and improvements for Old Engineering Hall, Allen Hall, and Thaw Hall, have been announced and preliminarily targeted in to be in excess of $58.6 million according to the University's 12-year facilities master plan. A new set of physics labs was completed in 2009 on the second floor of OEH, replacing the former Physics and Geology Library; its collection was merged into the engineering library across the street in Benedum Hall. In 2010, it was announced that $28.2 million was allocated to proceed with the creation and renovation of 13 Department of Astronomy and Physics laboratories located in Allen Hall, Old Engineering Hall, and the Van de Graaff Building. Renovations of the basement, 2nd and 3rd floors were completed in 2012; renovation of the 1st floor began in June 2015.", "UIUC Engineering Hall Engineering Hall is an administrative building at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. It is located in the south end of the Bardeen Quadrangle on Green Street in Urbana, Illinois, facing the Illini Union. Engineering Hall serves all disciplines within the UIUC College of Engineering and is well known for representing the school's colors with its orange bricks and blue roof. In addition to many offices and conference rooms, Engineering Hall also includes two computer labs and four lecture halls. Engineering Hall also houses many engineering-based student organizations in its offices. In early 1893, at the request of Professor Nathan Ricker, the UIUC Board of Trustees asked the State of Illinois for $160,000 to construct a building for its College of Engineering. After the state approved of the grant, the board asked for designs for the new building. However, they accepted designs only from the university's graduate architecture students at the request of its alumni. Fifteen designs were received, and after much deliberation, George Bullard's design was accepted. Bullard was from Tacoma, Washington and was a student of UIUC architect and professor Nathan Ricker, the designer of Altgeld Hall. Bullard graduated from the University of Illinois in 1882. He was later made architect of the building. A general contractor was needed to oversee the construction. Bids were advertised starting on September 11, 1893. The project was awarded to Yeager & Schultz of Danville, IL. Engineering Hall was completed on November 15, 1894. It was the first University building constructed solely for the use of a single college. The building consisted of orange bricks and its roof was dark blue. In fact, it was the completion of Engineering Hall that led to the adoption of orange and navy blue as the school colors.", "Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame The Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame, located at the Canada Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa, Ontario, honours Canadians who have made outstanding contributions to society in science and engineering. It also promotes role models to encourage young Canadians to pursue careers in science, engineering and technology. The hall includes a permanent exhibition, a traveling exhibition, a virtual gallery, and events and programming to celebrate inductees. The Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame was established in 1991 through a joint partnership by the Canada Science and Technology Museum, the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Industry Canada and the Association of Partners in Education, to mark the NRC's 75th anniversary. The hall has since become a major feature of the Canada Science and Technology Museum, and has become a part of the museum's permanent Innovation Canada exhibition. The museum uses an open process for nomination of new members. A selection committee reviews nominations annually. Nominees must meet the following criteria:  In April 2015, two members of the selection committee, Judy Illes and Dr. Catherine Anderson, resigned over concerns that, for the second year in a row, there were no female candidates in the list of finalists. The following people have been inducted into the Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame (listed by date of birth):"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a champion game?", "answer": {"text": "the finals of the tournament", "answer_start": 397, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#3", "question": "Has seen been in any finals?", "rewrite": "Has Martina been in any finals?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Martina ranked third in his heat in the 17 August qualifications for the 200m dash, finishing the event in 20.78 seconds and falling behind Azerbaijan's Ramil Guliyev and Nigeria's Obinna Metu. Overall, Martina ranked in twenty-fourth place, but advanced. During round two of qualifications on 17 August, Martina ran the 200m dash in 20.42 seconds, second place in the heat before Antigua and Barbuda's Brendan Christian. In round two, Martina ranked tenth place, tying with the United States' Shawn Crawford. Martina ran the 200m in 20.11 seconds during semifinals, ranking first in his heat and second overall behind Usain Bolt. He then advanced to the finals round. Martina's participation in the 200m finals round was controversial. Martina came in second place to Usain Bolt, completing the event in 19.82 seconds over Usain Bolt's world-record breaking performance of 19.30 seconds. However, when American would-be bronze medalist Wallace Spearmon was disqualified for running outside of his lane, the American coaches reviewed video records of the race and found that Martina had done the same. The United States filed a protest against the Netherlands Antilles. The Dutch Antillean Olympic committee argued that the challenge was invalid, having been filed after the 30-minute post-race deadline, but Martina was disqualified from receiving the silver medal anyway. Shawn Crawford of the United States, who originally finished the race in fourth place, was given the silver medal, and Walter Dix was given the bronze medal in place of Spearmon. Shortly after the 2008 Olympics, Crawford competed against Martina again in a meet in Zurich, Switzerland. At a hotel during the course of the meet, Crawford left the silver medal for Martina, believing that Martina deserved the medal more than he.", "Don Martina Dominico Felipe \"Don\" Martina (born 1 May 1935) is a Cura\u00e7aoan politician. He served two terms as Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles. His first term lasted from November 1979 to October 1984 and his second term from January 1986 to July 1988. One of the founders of the Partido MAN, Martina led his party in multiple cabinets. During his first term as Prime Minister he dealt with discussions regarding Aruba's wish to leave the Netherlands Antilles. At the start of his second term Aruba left, which, together with other circumstances, forced Martina to take austerity measures. Martina was born on Cura\u00e7ao on 1 May 1935. Martina attended the in Haarlem, the Netherlands. He subsequently attend the University of the West Indies and Columbia University. Martina was trained as a civil engineer. After the 1969 Cura\u00e7ao uprising the Movementu Antia Nobo (the later Partido MAN) was founded on 6 February 1971 by a group of young men including Martina. The group opposed the nepotism and corruption on the island, which they saw as persisting after the 1969 events. At the 1971 elections Martina was elected to the Cura\u00e7ao island council. From 1972 to 1976 he was justice commissioner. At the 1979 general Netherlands Antilles elections Martina's Partido MAN became the largest party. Martina subsequently became Prime Minister. He formed a coalition with the Aruban Movimiento Electoral di Pueblo (MEP), Bonaire Patriotic Union. In December 1979 or 1980 the Democratic Party of Cura\u00e7ao also joined. In 1981 talks started on the political future of Aruba. In a round table conference consisting of 65 delegates, the Netherlands Antilles, its six islands, and the Netherlands held discussions. Martina and Dutch Minister Fons van der Stee alternated the chairmanship of the meetings.", "A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947 A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947, formerly A.S. Martina Franca 1947, and A.C. Martina, usually referred to as simply Martina Franca or just Martina, is an Italian association football club, based in Martina Franca, Apulia. The club was re-founded in 2008 as A.S.D. Martina Franca 1947 and again 2016 as A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947. The club was founded in 1947. Martina has played in Serie C1 Group B in the 2007\u201308 season, finishing last, and thus directly relegated to Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (ex-Serie C2). The club needed new financial backers, but with its relegation to Italy's fourth level of professional football, no investors were found and the club decided to withdrew from the 2008\u201309 season. All players were released. At the same time with the dissolve of A.C. Martina, a phoenix club, A.S.D. Martina Franca was founded in the same transfer window. It was admitted in the Prima Categoria Apulia. The club finished as the second in 2008\u201309 Prima Categoria Apulia season and promoted to Promozione Apulia. The has won the Promozione Apulia playoffs and the promotion to season. The company Ostuni Sports, militant in Serie D, Martina proposes an exchange of sports titles that would allow a double promotion, but after a first initial interest in the company it was decided to give up and then participate in Eccellenza Apulia. In the 2010\u201311 season, after a long battle with Cerignola which ended only in extra time of the promotion playoff, Martina was finally promoted to 2011-12 Serie D.", "Steven Martina Ivan Steve \"Steven\" Martina (born 13 November 1961) is a Cura\u00e7aoan businessman and politician. He has been Minister of Economic Development in the cabinet of Eugene Rhuggenaath since 2 June 2017. He previously served as Minister of Economic Development and vice Prime Minister in the cabinet of Daniel Hodge between 31 December 2012 and 7 June 2013. Martina studied in the Netherlands. He obtained a Msc in Information Management at Tilburg University and subsequently a PhD in Applied Economics at Delft University of Technology. From 1999 to 2006 he was director at the public utility Aqualectra. Martina then became president and CEO at insurance company Fatum. Martina is the son of Don Martina, a former Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles. Martina served as Minister of Economic Development and vice Prime Minister in the cabinet of Daniel Hodge between 31 December 2012 and 7 June 2013. Martina was supported for the position of Minister by the Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal. He was succeeded by Stanley Palm. Martina subsequently returned to his previous employer Fatum. Together with his father and brother he left the Partido MAN in 2011. They returned to the party in 2016. On 2 June 2017 Martina was sworn in as Minister of Economic Development in the cabinet of Eugene Rhuggenaath. He temporarily resigned his position on 21 February 2019 after the public prosecutor marked Martina as a suspect in a case regarding the Public Integrity Law. The case related to Martina's former position as CEO of an insurance company and shares in that company and the passing of a law regarding motor vehicle insurance. Martin stated that he was not guilty of any crime and resigned to give the public prosecutor room to investigate further. Martina is married and has two children.", "In 1989 Martina declared his support for a reform of the Netherlands Antilles, with less strong ties between the remaining five islands. This time his government fell in March 1988, after losing support of the Democratic Party of Sint Maarten and the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). Martina was once again succeeded by Liberia Peters. During his political career Martina also served several years in the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles. After serving as Prime Minister he continued as party leader of the Partido MAN. At the 1994 general Netherlands Antilles elections his party obtained 2 of the 22 seats and subsequently participated in the government of Prime Minister Miguel Pourier. Since the 1995 Cura\u00e7ao island council elections, Martina's Partido MAN was member of the government coalition together with the Party for the Restructured Antilles (PAR). During 1997 and 1998 the Partido MAN lost public support. In the 1999 Cura\u00e7ao island council elections Martina's Partido MAN lost four of its six seats. Martina subsequently announced his retirement from active politics. In 2011 Martina, together with his sons, left the Partido MAN. Martina had been unhappy with the course the party was following. He also criticized the collaboration with the Movement for the Future of Cura\u00e7ao and Sovereign People. In August 2016, after Hensley Koeiman took control over the party, Martina and his sons returned to the party. As chairperson of the \"Fundashon Rehabilitashon Tula\" Martina campaigned for the rehabilitation and declaration as national hero of Tula, a slave that led the Cura\u00e7ao Slave Revolt of 1795 and was subsequently executed. In 2013 Tula was declared a national hero. Martina has also spoken out for improved water resource management on Cura\u00e7ao. Martina has one daughter and two sons. His son Steven Martina served as Minister of Economic Development of Cura\u00e7ao."], "answer": {"text": "they beat Cara Black and Caroline Garcia to take the title;", "answer_start": 1363}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a champion game?", "answer": {"text": "the finals of the tournament", "answer_start": 397, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points did she get?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#4", "question": "Did her career end after this?", "rewrite": "Did Martina's career end after winning the title?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1989 Martina declared his support for a reform of the Netherlands Antilles, with less strong ties between the remaining five islands. This time his government fell in March 1988, after losing support of the Democratic Party of Sint Maarten and the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). Martina was once again succeeded by Liberia Peters. During his political career Martina also served several years in the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles. After serving as Prime Minister he continued as party leader of the Partido MAN. At the 1994 general Netherlands Antilles elections his party obtained 2 of the 22 seats and subsequently participated in the government of Prime Minister Miguel Pourier. Since the 1995 Cura\u00e7ao island council elections, Martina's Partido MAN was member of the government coalition together with the Party for the Restructured Antilles (PAR). During 1997 and 1998 the Partido MAN lost public support. In the 1999 Cura\u00e7ao island council elections Martina's Partido MAN lost four of its six seats. Martina subsequently announced his retirement from active politics. In 2011 Martina, together with his sons, left the Partido MAN. Martina had been unhappy with the course the party was following. He also criticized the collaboration with the Movement for the Future of Cura\u00e7ao and Sovereign People. In August 2016, after Hensley Koeiman took control over the party, Martina and his sons returned to the party. As chairperson of the \"Fundashon Rehabilitashon Tula\" Martina campaigned for the rehabilitation and declaration as national hero of Tula, a slave that led the Cura\u00e7ao Slave Revolt of 1795 and was subsequently executed. In 2013 Tula was declared a national hero. Martina has also spoken out for improved water resource management on Cura\u00e7ao. Martina has one daughter and two sons. His son Steven Martina served as Minister of Economic Development of Cura\u00e7ao.", "Martina ranked third in his heat in the 17 August qualifications for the 200m dash, finishing the event in 20.78 seconds and falling behind Azerbaijan's Ramil Guliyev and Nigeria's Obinna Metu. Overall, Martina ranked in twenty-fourth place, but advanced. During round two of qualifications on 17 August, Martina ran the 200m dash in 20.42 seconds, second place in the heat before Antigua and Barbuda's Brendan Christian. In round two, Martina ranked tenth place, tying with the United States' Shawn Crawford. Martina ran the 200m in 20.11 seconds during semifinals, ranking first in his heat and second overall behind Usain Bolt. He then advanced to the finals round. Martina's participation in the 200m finals round was controversial. Martina came in second place to Usain Bolt, completing the event in 19.82 seconds over Usain Bolt's world-record breaking performance of 19.30 seconds. However, when American would-be bronze medalist Wallace Spearmon was disqualified for running outside of his lane, the American coaches reviewed video records of the race and found that Martina had done the same. The United States filed a protest against the Netherlands Antilles. The Dutch Antillean Olympic committee argued that the challenge was invalid, having been filed after the 30-minute post-race deadline, but Martina was disqualified from receiving the silver medal anyway. Shawn Crawford of the United States, who originally finished the race in fourth place, was given the silver medal, and Walter Dix was given the bronze medal in place of Spearmon. Shortly after the 2008 Olympics, Crawford competed against Martina again in a meet in Zurich, Switzerland. At a hotel during the course of the meet, Crawford left the silver medal for Martina, believing that Martina deserved the medal more than he.", "A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947 A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947, formerly A.S. Martina Franca 1947, and A.C. Martina, usually referred to as simply Martina Franca or just Martina, is an Italian association football club, based in Martina Franca, Apulia. The club was re-founded in 2008 as A.S.D. Martina Franca 1947 and again 2016 as A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947. The club was founded in 1947. Martina has played in Serie C1 Group B in the 2007\u201308 season, finishing last, and thus directly relegated to Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (ex-Serie C2). The club needed new financial backers, but with its relegation to Italy's fourth level of professional football, no investors were found and the club decided to withdrew from the 2008\u201309 season. All players were released. At the same time with the dissolve of A.C. Martina, a phoenix club, A.S.D. Martina Franca was founded in the same transfer window. It was admitted in the Prima Categoria Apulia. The club finished as the second in 2008\u201309 Prima Categoria Apulia season and promoted to Promozione Apulia. The has won the Promozione Apulia playoffs and the promotion to season. The company Ostuni Sports, militant in Serie D, Martina proposes an exchange of sports titles that would allow a double promotion, but after a first initial interest in the company it was decided to give up and then participate in Eccellenza Apulia. In the 2010\u201311 season, after a long battle with Cerignola which ended only in extra time of the promotion playoff, Martina was finally promoted to 2011-12 Serie D.", "Steven Martina Ivan Steve \"Steven\" Martina (born 13 November 1961) is a Cura\u00e7aoan businessman and politician. He has been Minister of Economic Development in the cabinet of Eugene Rhuggenaath since 2 June 2017. He previously served as Minister of Economic Development and vice Prime Minister in the cabinet of Daniel Hodge between 31 December 2012 and 7 June 2013. Martina studied in the Netherlands. He obtained a Msc in Information Management at Tilburg University and subsequently a PhD in Applied Economics at Delft University of Technology. From 1999 to 2006 he was director at the public utility Aqualectra. Martina then became president and CEO at insurance company Fatum. Martina is the son of Don Martina, a former Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles. Martina served as Minister of Economic Development and vice Prime Minister in the cabinet of Daniel Hodge between 31 December 2012 and 7 June 2013. Martina was supported for the position of Minister by the Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal. He was succeeded by Stanley Palm. Martina subsequently returned to his previous employer Fatum. Together with his father and brother he left the Partido MAN in 2011. They returned to the party in 2016. On 2 June 2017 Martina was sworn in as Minister of Economic Development in the cabinet of Eugene Rhuggenaath. He temporarily resigned his position on 21 February 2019 after the public prosecutor marked Martina as a suspect in a case regarding the Public Integrity Law. The case related to Martina's former position as CEO of an insurance company and shares in that company and the passing of a law regarding motor vehicle insurance. Martin stated that he was not guilty of any crime and resigned to give the public prosecutor room to investigate further. Martina is married and has two children.", "The composition of these beams ensured that particles generated in the eye were below 500 MeV, which was considered the Cherenkov threshold, thereby allowing the researchers to separate one cause of the LF from the other. Observers viewed the neutron beam after being completely dark-adapted. The 3 MeV neutron beam produced no reporting of LF whether it was exposed to the observers through the front exposure of one eye or through the back of the head. With the 14 MeV neutron beam, however, LF were reported. Lasting for short periods of time, \"streaks\" were reported when the beam entered one eye from the front. The \"streaks\" seen had varying lengths (a maximum of 2 degrees of visual angle), and were seen to either have a blueish-white color or be colorless. All but one observer reported seeing fainter but a higher number of \"points\" or short lines in the center of visual field. When the beam entered both eyes in a lateral orientation, the number of streaks reported increased. The orientation of the streaks corresponded to the orientation of the beam entering the eye. Unlike in the previous case, the streaks seen were more abundant in the periphery than the center of visual field. Lastly, when the beam entered the back of the head, only one person reported seeing the LF. From these results, the researchers concluded that at least for the LF seen in this case, the flashes could not be due to Cherenkov radiation effects in the eye itself (although they did not rule out the possibility that the Cherenkov radiation explanation was applicable to the case of the astronauts)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a champion game?", "answer": {"text": "the finals of the tournament", "answer_start": 397, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points did she get?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has seen been in any finals?", "answer": {"text": "they beat Cara Black and Caroline Garcia to take the title;", "answer_start": 1363, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than winning the title?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He is also the recipient of the prestigious \"Yanai Prize for Academic Excellence\", which is given for exceptional and significant contribution in teaching and academic education. He also was appointed to be a board member of the \u201cScientific Reports. \" As an active innovative scientist and educational developer in his society, he attracted the attentions of the world's billionaires such as Bill Gates and Eric Schmidt, and he's been in collaboration with Bill and Melinda Gates foundation in the diagnostics of diseases arena. Recently, he was granted the title of Changjiang (Yangtze River) professorship, conferred by the ministry of education in China. He holds an Honorary Doctorate (Doctor of Philosophy Honoris Causa) from the University of Haifa. Haick has founded and led many consortia, including the followings:  \u2022 FP-7 consortium (LCAOS; 2011\u20132015): This consortium includes 4 academic partners, 2 hospitals, and 3 SMEs, which was ended with stand-alone, on-line system for cancer detection that has been put in more 11 hospitals (till now) in several countries. \u2022 EuroNanoMed consortium (Volgacore; 2014\u20132017) : This consortium includes 5 academic partners, 3 hospitals, and 2 SMEs. Currently, more than 8 European hospitals use the technology developed in this project by Prof. Haick and his team and collaborators for detection of gastric diseases. \u2022 Horizon2020 ICT consortium (SniffPhone; 2015-2019) : This consortium includes 4 academic partners, 2 hospitals, 3 SMEs, and one big company (SIEMENS AG Corporate Technology; Muenchen, Germany). This project was selected recently as one of the MOST influential projects in the world for 2015-2018 several organizations and has received the EU\u2019s Innovation Award for 2018. \u2022 Horizon2020 Health consortium (VOGAS; 2019-2022)", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "They have won three Region 24 titles and (placed) in the NJCAA Championship: 2000 (8th), 2002 (7th), 2008. They have also produced five NJCAA All-Americans: Shannon Winkeler, Jenny Heimann, Shannon Winkeler, Megan Markwell, Amy Verseman The Kaskaskia College Blue Angels have won one GRAC title, produced 19 Academic All-Americans and were an Academic All-American Team in 2003, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. 2002 was Rend Lake's best season as a Women's Volleyball team. They went 35-17 and gained second in the GRAC. Though not officially sponsored by the GRAC, many of the schools also field teams such as men's and women's track and field, men's and women's cross country, men's and women's soccer, women's golf, men's and women's tennis, and many others. The Kaskaskia College Blue Angels have produced 4 Academic All-Americans and were selected as an Academic All-American Team in 2012 and 2013. The Kaskaskia College Blue Devils have produced 4 Academic All-Americans. The Lady Vols have won three Region 24 Tournament titles and competed as a team in the NJCAA National Tournament seven times. Their best finish at nationals came in 2002 when they placed fourth. Logan has had five individual Region 24 Tournament medalists, three NJCAA All\u2013Americans, and one honorable mention All\u2013American selection. The Kaskaskia College Blue Angels have produced 8 Academic All-Americans and were an Academic All-American Team in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2013 and 2014. The Blue Angels were the Academic All American Team of the Year in 2008. The Kaskaskia College Blue Angels have 1 NJCAA", "On the first Sunday in May, Catholics participate in the traditional religious celebration of the Virgin of the Stone, in the town of La Isla, located 22 kilometers from the city of Combarbal\u00e1. Thousands of pilgrims demonstrate their devotion by climbing the hill were the stone virgin is located. various interesting aspects of the Inca-Catholic mixture are present in this festivity, as in others through the north of Chile. Among these, are: payment of \"\"mandas\"\". which are commitments between the virgin and the pilgrim, were the virgin grants some wish, and the pilgrim pays with physical, usually painful, acts (e.g. climbing the hill on the knees). Another interesting aspect of the festivity are the \"religious dances\", which are Inca in origin, but nowadays represent the mixture between indigenous and Catholic beliefs. In these dances, groups of men, women and children dance in columns, dressed in non-traditional outfits (e.g. gypsies. red skins), while are followed by a band composed of different types of drums, and sometimes different kinds of flutes. Petroglyphs Petroglyphs were ubiquitous in the area and remain as part of the Diaguita heritage. Unfortunately, most of them were stolen by unscrupulous \"private collectionists\". Nowadays, despite the lack of a defined protection policy, they can be found mainly in the areas of Rinc\u00f3n Las Chilcas, Ramadilla and Pama. The main motivations in these carved stones are cosmology of Diaguita people and their religious ceremonies. El Clasico In February, Combarbala lives a unique event: \"El Cl\u00e1sico\". Two of the city's sports, culture and social Clubs, \"Los Loros\" and \"Union Juvenil\", dispute the title of the city championship."], "answer": {"text": "At the 2014 Wimbledon Championships, she reached the quarter-finals with partner Bruno Soares in mixed doubles,", "answer_start": 859}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a champion game?", "answer": {"text": "the finals of the tournament", "answer_start": 397, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points did she get?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has seen been in any finals?", "answer": {"text": "they beat Cara Black and Caroline Garcia to take the title;", "answer_start": 1363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did her career end after this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#6", "question": "Did they win the championship at Wimbledon?", "rewrite": "Did Martina and Bruno win the championship at Wimbledon?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947 A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947, formerly A.S. Martina Franca 1947, and A.C. Martina, usually referred to as simply Martina Franca or just Martina, is an Italian association football club, based in Martina Franca, Apulia. The club was re-founded in 2008 as A.S.D. Martina Franca 1947 and again 2016 as A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947. The club was founded in 1947. Martina has played in Serie C1 Group B in the 2007\u201308 season, finishing last, and thus directly relegated to Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (ex-Serie C2). The club needed new financial backers, but with its relegation to Italy's fourth level of professional football, no investors were found and the club decided to withdrew from the 2008\u201309 season. All players were released. At the same time with the dissolve of A.C. Martina, a phoenix club, A.S.D. Martina Franca was founded in the same transfer window. It was admitted in the Prima Categoria Apulia. The club finished as the second in 2008\u201309 Prima Categoria Apulia season and promoted to Promozione Apulia. The has won the Promozione Apulia playoffs and the promotion to season. The company Ostuni Sports, militant in Serie D, Martina proposes an exchange of sports titles that would allow a double promotion, but after a first initial interest in the company it was decided to give up and then participate in Eccellenza Apulia. In the 2010\u201311 season, after a long battle with Cerignola which ended only in extra time of the promotion playoff, Martina was finally promoted to 2011-12 Serie D.", "He defended his regional title at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games, holding off a challenge from Daniel Bailey to win in 10.07 seconds\u2014just one hundredth off his championship record. After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, Martina has represented the Netherlands in 2011 World Championships and 2012 European Championships, where he won gold in 200 metres and 4x100 metre relay. Martina competed at the London 2012 Summer Olympics, again in his three disciplines, the 100 metres, 200 metres and 4x100 metre relay. Only narrowly making it through to the 100 metre semi-final, Martina improved his personal best in the semi-final to 9.91. This race was also the fastest ever semi-final run, with Justin Gatlin running 9.82. In the final, Martina placed sixth behind Usain Bolt, posting 9.94. Martina then competed in the 200 m, where he finished in fifth, again behind Bolt, in 20 seconds flat. In the relay, the Netherlands finished sixth in a time of 38.39. However, after the Olympics, Martina broke the 200 m national record in Lausanne, lowering the time to 19.85, ending his reasonably successful season. In 2016, Martina won the European Championships 100 metres before a home crowd. The following day, he crossed the line in first place in the 200 metres, but was denied the sprint double because he crossed inside of his lane line again, giving the win to Bruno Hortelano. Did not finish in the final< br> Disqualified in the final", "1986 Wimbledon Championships The 1986 Wimbledon Championships was a tennis tournament played on grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London in England. It was the 100th edition of the Wimbledon Championships and were held from 23 June to 6 July 1986. For the first time yellow balls were used during the tournament. In recognition of the 100th championship, the two oldest living singles champions were invited to present the singles championship trophies: Jean Borotra presented the gentlemen's singles and Kitty Godfree presented the ladies', both alongside the President of the All England Club and his wife, their Royal Highnesses' The Duke and Duchess of Kent. The total prize money for 1986 championships was \u00a32,119,780. The winner of the men's title earned \u00a3140,000 while the women's singles champion earned \u00a3126,000. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl, 6\u20134, 6\u20133, 7\u20135    Martina Navratilova defeated Hana Mandl\u00edkov\u00e1, 7\u20136, 6\u20133 Joakim Nystr\u00f6m / Mats Wilander defeated Gary Donnelly / Peter Fleming, 7\u20136, 6\u20133, 6\u20133 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Hana Mandl\u00edkov\u00e1 / Wendy Turnbull, 6\u20131, 6\u20133    Ken Flach / Kathy Jordan defeated Heinz G\u00fcnthardt / Martina Navratilova, 6\u20133, 7\u20136    Eduardo V\u00e9lez defeated Javier S\u00e1nchez, 6\u20133, 7\u20135    Natasha Zvereva defeated Leila Meskhi, 2\u20136, 6\u20132, 9\u20137 Tom\u00e1s Carbonell / Petr Korda defeated Shane Barr / Hubert Karrasch, 6\u20131, 6\u20131 Michelle Jaggard / Lisa O'Neill defeated Leila Meskhi / Natasha Zvereva, 7\u20136, 6\u20137, 6\u20134", "1998 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles Jana Novotn\u00e1 defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6\u20134, 7\u20136 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1998 Wimbledon Championships. This was Novotn\u00e1's first win in a Wimbledon final on her third attempt. This would be the last time a Czech player would win Wimbledon (or win a Grand Slam title) until Petra Kvitov\u00e1 won in 2011. Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Novotn\u00e1, in a rematch of the previous year's final. The 1998 final was the first time in the Open Era at Wimbledon that neither of the finalists had won a major previously, and the first time this had happened at any major since the 1980 Australian Open. Martina Hingis \"(Semifinals) \" Anna Kournikova withdrew due to a thumb injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Lilia Osterloh.", "2004 Wimbledon Championships \u2013 Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6\u20131, 6\u20134 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \"the most stunning upset in memory\". With this win, Sharapova, who was to become a future world No. 1, entered the top ten for the first time in her career. She also became the third-youngest woman to win Wimbledon (behind Lottie Dod and Martina Hingis) and the second Russian woman (after Anastasia Myskina won the French Open earlier that year) to win a Grand Slam title. Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Venus Williams, who had appeared in the previous four Wimbledon finals, winning in 2000 and 2001, suffered her earliest exit from Wimbledon since her debut, being upset in the second round by Karolina \u0160prem. This was also the last Grand Slam singles tournament that former world No. 1 Martina Navratilova competed in; having been awarded a wild card, she won her first round match and became, at age 47, the oldest player in the Open Era to win a main draw match at Wimbledon. Serena Williams \"(Final)\""], "answer": {"text": "they lost", "answer_start": 802}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a champion game?", "answer": {"text": "the finals of the tournament", "answer_start": 397, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points did she get?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has seen been in any finals?", "answer": {"text": "they beat Cara Black and Caroline Garcia to take the title;", "answer_start": 1363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did her career end after this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2014 Wimbledon Championships, she reached the quarter-finals with partner Bruno Soares in mixed doubles,", "answer_start": 859, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a7f6b32247245deb6a38a8b59fa9718_0_q#7", "question": "Who did she lose against?", "rewrite": "Who did Martina lose against?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1989 Martina declared his support for a reform of the Netherlands Antilles, with less strong ties between the remaining five islands. This time his government fell in March 1988, after losing support of the Democratic Party of Sint Maarten and the Party Workers' Liberation Front 30 May (FOL). Martina was once again succeeded by Liberia Peters. During his political career Martina also served several years in the Estates of the Netherlands Antilles. After serving as Prime Minister he continued as party leader of the Partido MAN. At the 1994 general Netherlands Antilles elections his party obtained 2 of the 22 seats and subsequently participated in the government of Prime Minister Miguel Pourier. Since the 1995 Cura\u00e7ao island council elections, Martina's Partido MAN was member of the government coalition together with the Party for the Restructured Antilles (PAR). During 1997 and 1998 the Partido MAN lost public support. In the 1999 Cura\u00e7ao island council elections Martina's Partido MAN lost four of its six seats. Martina subsequently announced his retirement from active politics. In 2011 Martina, together with his sons, left the Partido MAN. Martina had been unhappy with the course the party was following. He also criticized the collaboration with the Movement for the Future of Cura\u00e7ao and Sovereign People. In August 2016, after Hensley Koeiman took control over the party, Martina and his sons returned to the party. As chairperson of the \"Fundashon Rehabilitashon Tula\" Martina campaigned for the rehabilitation and declaration as national hero of Tula, a slave that led the Cura\u00e7ao Slave Revolt of 1795 and was subsequently executed. In 2013 Tula was declared a national hero. Martina has also spoken out for improved water resource management on Cura\u00e7ao. Martina has one daughter and two sons. His son Steven Martina served as Minister of Economic Development of Cura\u00e7ao.", "A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947 A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947, formerly A.S. Martina Franca 1947, and A.C. Martina, usually referred to as simply Martina Franca or just Martina, is an Italian association football club, based in Martina Franca, Apulia. The club was re-founded in 2008 as A.S.D. Martina Franca 1947 and again 2016 as A.S.D. Martina Calcio 1947. The club was founded in 1947. Martina has played in Serie C1 Group B in the 2007\u201308 season, finishing last, and thus directly relegated to Lega Pro Seconda Divisione (ex-Serie C2). The club needed new financial backers, but with its relegation to Italy's fourth level of professional football, no investors were found and the club decided to withdrew from the 2008\u201309 season. All players were released. At the same time with the dissolve of A.C. Martina, a phoenix club, A.S.D. Martina Franca was founded in the same transfer window. It was admitted in the Prima Categoria Apulia. The club finished as the second in 2008\u201309 Prima Categoria Apulia season and promoted to Promozione Apulia. The has won the Promozione Apulia playoffs and the promotion to season. The company Ostuni Sports, militant in Serie D, Martina proposes an exchange of sports titles that would allow a double promotion, but after a first initial interest in the company it was decided to give up and then participate in Eccellenza Apulia. In the 2010\u201311 season, after a long battle with Cerignola which ended only in extra time of the promotion playoff, Martina was finally promoted to 2011-12 Serie D.", "The BBC issued a statement, saying:  Speaking about how members of the public reacted to the storyline, Latham told \"OK!\" , \"Considering Rob makes Phil Mitchell look like a field mouse, I've got to be quite grateful. I've not had a tin of baked beans chucked at me in Asda by some nice old lady. It's just a bit of banter off the public, which I relish. I've not had anyone threaten to beat me up yet, which is a plus point!\" Shenice Quinn, played by nine-year-old (at the time of casting) Lily Harvey, is the daughter of Martina Quinn (Tamara Wall), who it is an old friend of Kat Moon's (Jessie Wallace) from Spain. Martina reported Kat and her husband Alfie Moon (Shane Richie) to the police in Spain, leading to some animosity between Kat and Martina. Martina and Shenice arrive at The Queen Victoria, and Kat immediately throws water over Martina. However, she reveals that her bar was smashed up by the police and she was worried that she would lose Shenice if she did not tell the truth. Alfie bonds with Shenice, and Martina tells Kat that she has lost her bar and has nothing left, so Kat allows her them to stay. After a night out with Kat, Martina spends the day in bed. Kat later finds Shenice wearing her clothes and makeup. Kat shouts at Shenice to take the clothes off, and Shenice flinches thinking Kat is going to hit her. The next day, Shenice is caught trying to steal cigarettes from the local shop, which Kat chastises a drunken Martina for. Martina calls her daughter useless before going to bed, and Shenice tells Kat and Alfie that Martina says things she does not mean when she is drunk.", "Steven Martina Ivan Steve \"Steven\" Martina (born 13 November 1961) is a Cura\u00e7aoan businessman and politician. He has been Minister of Economic Development in the cabinet of Eugene Rhuggenaath since 2 June 2017. He previously served as Minister of Economic Development and vice Prime Minister in the cabinet of Daniel Hodge between 31 December 2012 and 7 June 2013. Martina studied in the Netherlands. He obtained a Msc in Information Management at Tilburg University and subsequently a PhD in Applied Economics at Delft University of Technology. From 1999 to 2006 he was director at the public utility Aqualectra. Martina then became president and CEO at insurance company Fatum. Martina is the son of Don Martina, a former Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles. Martina served as Minister of Economic Development and vice Prime Minister in the cabinet of Daniel Hodge between 31 December 2012 and 7 June 2013. Martina was supported for the position of Minister by the Partido pa Adelanto I Inovashon Soshal. He was succeeded by Stanley Palm. Martina subsequently returned to his previous employer Fatum. Together with his father and brother he left the Partido MAN in 2011. They returned to the party in 2016. On 2 June 2017 Martina was sworn in as Minister of Economic Development in the cabinet of Eugene Rhuggenaath. He temporarily resigned his position on 21 February 2019 after the public prosecutor marked Martina as a suspect in a case regarding the Public Integrity Law. The case related to Martina's former position as CEO of an insurance company and shares in that company and the passing of a law regarding motor vehicle insurance. Martin stated that he was not guilty of any crime and resigned to give the public prosecutor room to investigate further. Martina is married and has two children.", "Following a downturn in audience figures and rising production costs, Greenbelt faced up to the inevitable in 1998: it was no longer financially viable to continue using the Deene Park site. A bold plan was devised. The 1998 event was pitched as the \"last Greenbelt of its kind\", with two festivals planned for 1999: a youth-oriented event \"Freestate\" in partnership with Spring Harvest to be held the August Bank Holiday weekend and a more family-oriented \"Greenbelt\" to be held over the last weekend in July at Cheltenham Racecourse. In early 1999 plans for Freestate collapsed and its embryonic programme was hastily rolled into the Greenbelt planned for Cheltenham. The 1999 Greenbelt Festival took place at Cheltenham but saw the lowest audiences since the 1970s. It remains the only Greenbelt to have taken place other than on an August Bank Holiday weekend. Greenbelt emerged from its financial difficulties in the early 2000s with ever-increasing audiences for festival held at the new Cheltenham racecourse. Today Greenbelt sees audiences comparable in numbers to those of its \"glory days\" in the early 1980s, and, although there is constant tension between its faith-based origins and a more exploratory attitude to engaging with the world, the perspective of the festival remains one rooted in the Christian tradition. In 2014 Greenbelt moved to Boughton House, Northamptonshire, due to the planned redevelopment of Cheltenham Racecourse, as well as part of the site being unusable after severe weather during the 2012 festival caused flash flooding across parts of the racecourse. Since the move the festival has scaled back after a drop in numbers and possibly due to the related lose of finances. Greenbelt's vision is to be at the collision of arts, justice and faith. With the organisation's blessing, three other events have taken the same blueprint and created festivals along similar lines in other countries."], "answer": {"text": "Makarova and Elena Vesnina in three sets.", "answer_start": 1217}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "Sony Open Tennis", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a champion game?", "answer": {"text": "the finals of the tournament", "answer_start": 397, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points did she get?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has seen been in any finals?", "answer": {"text": "they beat Cara Black and Caroline Garcia to take the title;", "answer_start": 1363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did her career end after this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At the 2014 Wimbledon Championships, she reached the quarter-finals with partner Bruno Soares in mixed doubles,", "answer_start": 859, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the championship at Wimbledon?", "answer": {"text": "they lost", "answer_start": 802, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4dbe5c5d6c934f0881dea31f59490fa3_0_q#0", "question": "When did Harold Shipman die?", "rewrite": "When did Harold Shipman die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Janet Smith (judge)  Dame Janet Hilary Smith, (born 29 November 1940), styled The Rt Hon. Lady Justice Smith, is an English barrister and former High Court Judge and President of the Council of The Inns of Court. She was the judge who prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", a report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman, and the \"Dame Janet Smith Review\", a report on the activities of the British media personality and paedophile Jimmy Savile. On 21 November 2002, Smith became the fourth woman to be promoted to the Court of Appeal, but has since retired from that role. She is a Convenor of the cross-party political movement More United. Smith was born in Stockport, Cheshire, and attended Bolton School. She married, before being called to the Bar in 1972. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. She practised as a barrister for twenty years in Manchester, specialising in personal injury and clinical negligence cases. After being appointed QC in 1986, she was appointed by Lancashire County Council in 1991 to hold a public inquiry into reported abuse of autistic children at Scotforth House in Lancaster. She was appointed a High Court judge in 1992 (and received the customary appointment as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire). As a High Court judge, she was involved in the trials of many notable homicide cases. Smith prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", the report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman.", "The complaint was not upheld, but Roy Greenslade argued that King had a good case. In October 2011 then BBC Director-General Mark Thompson apologised to King for the removal of King's performance of \"It Only Takes a Minute\" from a repeat, on BBC Four, of a 1976 episode of \"Top of the Pops\". King described the cut as a \"Stalinist revision approach to history\". When asked by a newspaper in 2012 if he believed he had anything to apologise for, to anybody from his past, King replied, \"The only apology I have is to say that I was good at seduction. I was good at making myself seem attractive when I wasn't very attractive at all\". He appeared in front of the Leveson Inquiry. Journalist Robert Chalmers wrote that King's creative output after he left prison \"resembled a primal scream of rage\". Two novels appeared: \"Beware the Monkey Man\" (2010), under the pen name Rex Kenny, and \"Death Flies, Missing Girls and Brigitte Bardot\" (2013), under his real name, Kenneth George King. He also published a diary, \"Three Months\" (2012), and two volumes of his autobiography, \"Jonathan King 65: My Life So Far\" (2009) and \"70 FFFY\" (2014). King maintained an interest in prison issues and writes a column for \"Inside Time\", the national newspaper for prisoners. He released \"Earth to King\" in 2008. One of the new songs on the album, \"The True Story of Harold Shipman\" was about the serial killer Dr. Harold Shipman, in which King suggested that Shipman may have been a victim of the media. He also produced three films. \"", "The Shipman Inquiry The Shipman Inquiry was the report produced by a British governmental investigation into the activities of general practitioner and serial killer Harold Shipman. Shipman was arrested in September 1998 and the inquiry commenced shortly after he was found guilty of 15 murders in January 2000. It released its findings in various stages, with its sixth and final report being released on 27 January 2005 \u2013 by which time Shipman had died by suicide in prison. It was chaired by Dame Janet Smith DBE. While Shipman was convicted of 15 murders, the inquiry in July 2002 established that he had killed at least 215 people, and may have killed as many as 260, although the true number could be even higher. The inquiry took approximately 2,500 witness statements and analysed approximately 270,000 pages of evidence. In total the six reports ran to 5,000 pages and the investigation cost \u00a321 million. In May 2001, it was announced that the inquiry would be investigating a total of 618 deaths between 1974 and 1998. On 1 February 2000, the Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn, announced that an independent private inquiry would take place into Shipman's activities. It would decide what \"changes to current systems should be made in order to safeguard patients in the future\". Its findings would be made public, though it would be held in private. It was to be chaired by Lord Laming of Tewin. It began work on 10 March and was to produce a report by September 2000. Many families of the victims along with certain sections of the British media called for a Judicial Review in the High Court. It found in their favour and recommended that the inquiry be held in public. The Secretary of State for Health agreed, and in September 2000 announced that the inquiry would be held under the terms of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921.", "Harold Shipman: Doctor Death Harold Shipman: Doctor Death is a 2002 ITV television drama about the life and crimes of serial killer Harold Shipman. Starring James Bolam in the role of Shipman, the programme was directed by Roger Bamford and written by Michael Eaton. Broadcast on 9 July 2002, the programme attracted a viewing audience of 7.37 million. The programme was released on DVD on 15 July 2013 by Strawberry Media, in association with ITV.", "Thayne Forbes Sir John Thayne Forbes (born 28 June 1938) is a retired British judge and barrister. As a High Court judge, he presided over the trial of Harold Shipman who was convicted of 15 murders in 2000 and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment. Shipman is now recognised as one of the most prolific serial killers in history. He led the Al-Sweady Inquiry, a five-year public enquiry that reported in 2014. Forbes was born of Scottish parents on the Isle of Wight on 28 June 1938. He was educated at Winchester College, a public school in Winchester, Hampshire, and at Wolverton Grammar School, a co-educational state grammar school in Wolverton, Buckinghamshire. From 1957 to 1960, he studied law at University College London. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree and a Master of Laws (LLM) degree. From 1963 to 1966, Forbes served as an Instructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. On 2 December 1966, he was placed on the Emergency List for four years. This marked the end of military service and began the time period during which he was liable for call-up. Forbes was called to the bar in 1966. In 1984, he was appointed Queen's Counsel (QC). On 13 March 1986, he was appointed a Recorder, a part-time judge. On 5 June 1990, he was appointed a Circuit Judge. From 1990 to 1993, he was an Official Referee of the Technology and Construction Court. He was elected Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1991. On 24 May 1993, he was appointed a High Court Judge and was assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. He presided over the trial of Harold Shipman, a serial killer who was convicted 2000. Between 2001 and 2004, he was Presiding Judge of the Technology and Construction Court. He retired from the High Court in January 2009."], "answer": {"text": "13 January 2004,", "answer_start": 67}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4dbe5c5d6c934f0881dea31f59490fa3_0_q#1", "question": "how did he die?", "rewrite": "How did Harold Shipman die?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Shipman Inquiry The Shipman Inquiry was the report produced by a British governmental investigation into the activities of general practitioner and serial killer Harold Shipman. Shipman was arrested in September 1998 and the inquiry commenced shortly after he was found guilty of 15 murders in January 2000. It released its findings in various stages, with its sixth and final report being released on 27 January 2005 \u2013 by which time Shipman had died by suicide in prison. It was chaired by Dame Janet Smith DBE. While Shipman was convicted of 15 murders, the inquiry in July 2002 established that he had killed at least 215 people, and may have killed as many as 260, although the true number could be even higher. The inquiry took approximately 2,500 witness statements and analysed approximately 270,000 pages of evidence. In total the six reports ran to 5,000 pages and the investigation cost \u00a321 million. In May 2001, it was announced that the inquiry would be investigating a total of 618 deaths between 1974 and 1998. On 1 February 2000, the Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn, announced that an independent private inquiry would take place into Shipman's activities. It would decide what \"changes to current systems should be made in order to safeguard patients in the future\". Its findings would be made public, though it would be held in private. It was to be chaired by Lord Laming of Tewin. It began work on 10 March and was to produce a report by September 2000. Many families of the victims along with certain sections of the British media called for a Judicial Review in the High Court. It found in their favour and recommended that the inquiry be held in public. The Secretary of State for Health agreed, and in September 2000 announced that the inquiry would be held under the terms of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921.", "Harold Shipman: Doctor Death Harold Shipman: Doctor Death is a 2002 ITV television drama about the life and crimes of serial killer Harold Shipman. Starring James Bolam in the role of Shipman, the programme was directed by Roger Bamford and written by Michael Eaton. Broadcast on 9 July 2002, the programme attracted a viewing audience of 7.37 million. The programme was released on DVD on 15 July 2013 by Strawberry Media, in association with ITV.", "Janet Smith (judge)  Dame Janet Hilary Smith, (born 29 November 1940), styled The Rt Hon. Lady Justice Smith, is an English barrister and former High Court Judge and President of the Council of The Inns of Court. She was the judge who prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", a report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman, and the \"Dame Janet Smith Review\", a report on the activities of the British media personality and paedophile Jimmy Savile. On 21 November 2002, Smith became the fourth woman to be promoted to the Court of Appeal, but has since retired from that role. She is a Convenor of the cross-party political movement More United. Smith was born in Stockport, Cheshire, and attended Bolton School. She married, before being called to the Bar in 1972. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. She practised as a barrister for twenty years in Manchester, specialising in personal injury and clinical negligence cases. After being appointed QC in 1986, she was appointed by Lancashire County Council in 1991 to hold a public inquiry into reported abuse of autistic children at Scotforth House in Lancaster. She was appointed a High Court judge in 1992 (and received the customary appointment as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire). As a High Court judge, she was involved in the trials of many notable homicide cases. Smith prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", the report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman.", "Thayne Forbes Sir John Thayne Forbes (born 28 June 1938) is a retired British judge and barrister. As a High Court judge, he presided over the trial of Harold Shipman who was convicted of 15 murders in 2000 and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment. Shipman is now recognised as one of the most prolific serial killers in history. He led the Al-Sweady Inquiry, a five-year public enquiry that reported in 2014. Forbes was born of Scottish parents on the Isle of Wight on 28 June 1938. He was educated at Winchester College, a public school in Winchester, Hampshire, and at Wolverton Grammar School, a co-educational state grammar school in Wolverton, Buckinghamshire. From 1957 to 1960, he studied law at University College London. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree and a Master of Laws (LLM) degree. From 1963 to 1966, Forbes served as an Instructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. On 2 December 1966, he was placed on the Emergency List for four years. This marked the end of military service and began the time period during which he was liable for call-up. Forbes was called to the bar in 1966. In 1984, he was appointed Queen's Counsel (QC). On 13 March 1986, he was appointed a Recorder, a part-time judge. On 5 June 1990, he was appointed a Circuit Judge. From 1990 to 1993, he was an Official Referee of the Technology and Construction Court. He was elected Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1991. On 24 May 1993, he was appointed a High Court Judge and was assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. He presided over the trial of Harold Shipman, a serial killer who was convicted 2000. Between 2001 and 2004, he was Presiding Judge of the Technology and Construction Court. He retired from the High Court in January 2009.", "The complaint was not upheld, but Roy Greenslade argued that King had a good case. In October 2011 then BBC Director-General Mark Thompson apologised to King for the removal of King's performance of \"It Only Takes a Minute\" from a repeat, on BBC Four, of a 1976 episode of \"Top of the Pops\". King described the cut as a \"Stalinist revision approach to history\". When asked by a newspaper in 2012 if he believed he had anything to apologise for, to anybody from his past, King replied, \"The only apology I have is to say that I was good at seduction. I was good at making myself seem attractive when I wasn't very attractive at all\". He appeared in front of the Leveson Inquiry. Journalist Robert Chalmers wrote that King's creative output after he left prison \"resembled a primal scream of rage\". Two novels appeared: \"Beware the Monkey Man\" (2010), under the pen name Rex Kenny, and \"Death Flies, Missing Girls and Brigitte Bardot\" (2013), under his real name, Kenneth George King. He also published a diary, \"Three Months\" (2012), and two volumes of his autobiography, \"Jonathan King 65: My Life So Far\" (2009) and \"70 FFFY\" (2014). King maintained an interest in prison issues and writes a column for \"Inside Time\", the national newspaper for prisoners. He released \"Earth to King\" in 2008. One of the new songs on the album, \"The True Story of Harold Shipman\" was about the serial killer Dr. Harold Shipman, in which King suggested that Shipman may have been a victim of the media. He also produced three films. \""], "answer": {"text": "Shipman hanged himself in his cell at Wakefield Prison", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Harold Shipman die?", "answer": {"text": "13 January 2004,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4dbe5c5d6c934f0881dea31f59490fa3_0_q#2", "question": "what did he do leading up to his death?", "rewrite": "What did Harold Shipman do leading up to his death?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Janet Smith (judge)  Dame Janet Hilary Smith, (born 29 November 1940), styled The Rt Hon. Lady Justice Smith, is an English barrister and former High Court Judge and President of the Council of The Inns of Court. She was the judge who prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", a report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman, and the \"Dame Janet Smith Review\", a report on the activities of the British media personality and paedophile Jimmy Savile. On 21 November 2002, Smith became the fourth woman to be promoted to the Court of Appeal, but has since retired from that role. She is a Convenor of the cross-party political movement More United. Smith was born in Stockport, Cheshire, and attended Bolton School. She married, before being called to the Bar in 1972. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. She practised as a barrister for twenty years in Manchester, specialising in personal injury and clinical negligence cases. After being appointed QC in 1986, she was appointed by Lancashire County Council in 1991 to hold a public inquiry into reported abuse of autistic children at Scotforth House in Lancaster. She was appointed a High Court judge in 1992 (and received the customary appointment as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire). As a High Court judge, she was involved in the trials of many notable homicide cases. Smith prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", the report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman.", "Harold Shipman: Doctor Death Harold Shipman: Doctor Death is a 2002 ITV television drama about the life and crimes of serial killer Harold Shipman. Starring James Bolam in the role of Shipman, the programme was directed by Roger Bamford and written by Michael Eaton. Broadcast on 9 July 2002, the programme attracted a viewing audience of 7.37 million. The programme was released on DVD on 15 July 2013 by Strawberry Media, in association with ITV.", "Thayne Forbes Sir John Thayne Forbes (born 28 June 1938) is a retired British judge and barrister. As a High Court judge, he presided over the trial of Harold Shipman who was convicted of 15 murders in 2000 and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment. Shipman is now recognised as one of the most prolific serial killers in history. He led the Al-Sweady Inquiry, a five-year public enquiry that reported in 2014. Forbes was born of Scottish parents on the Isle of Wight on 28 June 1938. He was educated at Winchester College, a public school in Winchester, Hampshire, and at Wolverton Grammar School, a co-educational state grammar school in Wolverton, Buckinghamshire. From 1957 to 1960, he studied law at University College London. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree and a Master of Laws (LLM) degree. From 1963 to 1966, Forbes served as an Instructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. On 2 December 1966, he was placed on the Emergency List for four years. This marked the end of military service and began the time period during which he was liable for call-up. Forbes was called to the bar in 1966. In 1984, he was appointed Queen's Counsel (QC). On 13 March 1986, he was appointed a Recorder, a part-time judge. On 5 June 1990, he was appointed a Circuit Judge. From 1990 to 1993, he was an Official Referee of the Technology and Construction Court. He was elected Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1991. On 24 May 1993, he was appointed a High Court Judge and was assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. He presided over the trial of Harold Shipman, a serial killer who was convicted 2000. Between 2001 and 2004, he was Presiding Judge of the Technology and Construction Court. He retired from the High Court in January 2009.", "The Shipman Inquiry The Shipman Inquiry was the report produced by a British governmental investigation into the activities of general practitioner and serial killer Harold Shipman. Shipman was arrested in September 1998 and the inquiry commenced shortly after he was found guilty of 15 murders in January 2000. It released its findings in various stages, with its sixth and final report being released on 27 January 2005 \u2013 by which time Shipman had died by suicide in prison. It was chaired by Dame Janet Smith DBE. While Shipman was convicted of 15 murders, the inquiry in July 2002 established that he had killed at least 215 people, and may have killed as many as 260, although the true number could be even higher. The inquiry took approximately 2,500 witness statements and analysed approximately 270,000 pages of evidence. In total the six reports ran to 5,000 pages and the investigation cost \u00a321 million. In May 2001, it was announced that the inquiry would be investigating a total of 618 deaths between 1974 and 1998. On 1 February 2000, the Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn, announced that an independent private inquiry would take place into Shipman's activities. It would decide what \"changes to current systems should be made in order to safeguard patients in the future\". Its findings would be made public, though it would be held in private. It was to be chaired by Lord Laming of Tewin. It began work on 10 March and was to produce a report by September 2000. Many families of the victims along with certain sections of the British media called for a Judicial Review in the High Court. It found in their favour and recommended that the inquiry be held in public. The Secretary of State for Health agreed, and in September 2000 announced that the inquiry would be held under the terms of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921.", "The complaint was not upheld, but Roy Greenslade argued that King had a good case. In October 2011 then BBC Director-General Mark Thompson apologised to King for the removal of King's performance of \"It Only Takes a Minute\" from a repeat, on BBC Four, of a 1976 episode of \"Top of the Pops\". King described the cut as a \"Stalinist revision approach to history\". When asked by a newspaper in 2012 if he believed he had anything to apologise for, to anybody from his past, King replied, \"The only apology I have is to say that I was good at seduction. I was good at making myself seem attractive when I wasn't very attractive at all\". He appeared in front of the Leveson Inquiry. Journalist Robert Chalmers wrote that King's creative output after he left prison \"resembled a primal scream of rage\". Two novels appeared: \"Beware the Monkey Man\" (2010), under the pen name Rex Kenny, and \"Death Flies, Missing Girls and Brigitte Bardot\" (2013), under his real name, Kenneth George King. He also published a diary, \"Three Months\" (2012), and two volumes of his autobiography, \"Jonathan King 65: My Life So Far\" (2009) and \"70 FFFY\" (2014). King maintained an interest in prison issues and writes a column for \"Inside Time\", the national newspaper for prisoners. He released \"Earth to King\" in 2008. One of the new songs on the album, \"The True Story of Harold Shipman\" was about the serial killer Dr. Harold Shipman, in which King suggested that Shipman may have been a victim of the media. He also produced three films. \""], "answer": {"text": "he had reportedly told his probation officer that he was considering suicide", "answer_start": 1535}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Harold Shipman die?", "answer": {"text": "13 January 2004,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he die?", "answer": {"text": "Shipman hanged himself in his cell at Wakefield Prison", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4dbe5c5d6c934f0881dea31f59490fa3_0_q#3", "question": "did they do anything to prevent him from trying?", "rewrite": "Did probation officer do anything to prevent Harold Shipman from trying?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Los Angeles County Probation Department The Los Angeles County Probation Department provides services for those placed on probation within Los Angeles County, California, USA. Cal Remington is the current Interim Chief Probation Officer. The department is the largest probation department in the world. The department was established in 1903 with the enactment of California's first probation laws. Captain Augustus C. Dodds was appointed as first Chief Probation Officer of Los Angeles County. The first juvenile detention facility, now known as Central Juvenile Hall, was established on Eastlake Avenue in the City of Los Angeles in 1912. Also in 1912, the new Los Angeles County Charter made the county probation officer a county administrative officer and brought all Department employees under the merit system. The El Retiro School for Girls was established in Sylmar in 1919. By 1920, the department had 27 deputy probation officers, handling 1,893 Juvenile Court petitions and 690 adult cases each month. In 1921, W.H. Holland was named chief probation officer. In 1928, the department opened its first branch office, in Long Beach. In 1931, Kenyon J. Scudder was appointed chief probation officer. The department began its forestry camp program and established the first Community Coordination Council, initiatives which later was models for the California Conservation Corps and other programs. In 1935, the department opened its second branch area office, in Pasadena. In 1938, probation services were extended to Los Angeles Municipal Courts. In 1939, Karl Holton was appointed chief probation officer; he left in 1943 to assume the position of first director of the newly created California Youth Authority; John M. Zuck was appointed to replace him. By 1940, the department has 108 staff members handling 4,063 juvenile and 5,299 adult probation cases. The 1940s saw the creation of the Groups Guidance program to work with juvenile gangs. In 1946, a year-long Deputy Probation Officer Trainee program was established.", "After the interview of the offender, contact with the prosecutor, and the criminal history inquiry, the probation officer must identify any information gaps, must identify potential sources for the missing information, and must plan on how to eliminate the gaps. It may be necessary for the investigating officer to request another probation officer in another jurisdiction to conduct a collateral investigation about a specific aspect of the case. Supplemental interviews may be scheduled with case agents, victims, family members, employers, counselors, or others. Gradually, the emphasis shifts from gathering information to analyzing data. The probation officer must take the tentative findings of fact regarding the offense conduct and criminal history and must make tentative applications of the sentencing guidelines. The applicable sentencing options that the probation officer must recite in the presentence report. Additionally, the probation officer must study the case to identify potential grounds for departure from the guidelines and then must analyze any potential departure to determine if it is valid. During the investigation, the probation officer may consult a probation officer specialist who is a subject matter expert about guidelines, financial investigation, mental health, substance abuse, or some other aspect of the case. The probation officer may also consult a supervisor or, in a team environment, other members of the officer's team. Finally, the probation officer must write a draft of the report for disclosure to the defendant and the attorneys. When objections to report are received, the probation officer must manage the resolution of disputes. The officer must be impartial and open to opposing perspective and must consider all relevant and reliable information before making an independent judgment about the tentative findings of fact and guideline applications that will be recommended to the court. The probation officer must be prepared to report unresolved disputes to the court in a detached, dispassionate manner focusing on the factual or legal disagreement among the parties.", "San Diego County Probation Department The San Diego County Probation Department is the body in San Diego County, California, responsible for supervising convicted offenders in the community, either who are on probation, such as at the conclusion of their sentences, or while on community supervision orders. The department is organized into four service divisions: Administrative Services, Adult Field Services, Juvenile Field Services, and Institutional Services. Collectively the department's 1,000 sworn officers and 400 support staff supervise 19,000 adults and 4,000 juveniles in the community; 900 juveniles in detention/ treatment; and work with an additional 1,000 at-risk juveniles. San Diego County Probation firearm policy requires an OC Spray, which they provide. In 1988, San Diego County Probation was the first county to be armed. Of the 58 counties in California, all but a few of the San Francisco bay area counties are armed. Deputy Probation Officers are classified as peace officers. Officers have the power to arrest or take into custody and are required to undergo psychological testing. In California all Deputy Probation Officers may carry off-duty concealed firearms, this was affirmed in both a California Attorney General's Opinion and by court decision by the 4th Appellate District Court of California in 1993. Correctional Deputy Probation Officer 1, Correctional Deputy Probation Officer 2, Deputy Probation Officer, Senior Probation Officer, Supervising Probation Officer, Probation Division Chief, Deputy Chief Probation Officer, Assistant Chief Probation Officer, Chief Probation Officer The primary mission of probation officers working with adults is to provide public safety and protect the community by providing services to the courts, offenders, and the public. The basic concept of this mission is that probationers under probation supervision will be appropriately supervised and assisted to become law-abiding individuals. The supervision may be intensive for offenders whose behavior poses a continuous threat to public safety or mid-level for those whose offenses pose less of a risk to the public.", "Janet Smith (judge)  Dame Janet Hilary Smith, (born 29 November 1940), styled The Rt Hon. Lady Justice Smith, is an English barrister and former High Court Judge and President of the Council of The Inns of Court. She was the judge who prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", a report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman, and the \"Dame Janet Smith Review\", a report on the activities of the British media personality and paedophile Jimmy Savile. On 21 November 2002, Smith became the fourth woman to be promoted to the Court of Appeal, but has since retired from that role. She is a Convenor of the cross-party political movement More United. Smith was born in Stockport, Cheshire, and attended Bolton School. She married, before being called to the Bar in 1972. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. She practised as a barrister for twenty years in Manchester, specialising in personal injury and clinical negligence cases. After being appointed QC in 1986, she was appointed by Lancashire County Council in 1991 to hold a public inquiry into reported abuse of autistic children at Scotforth House in Lancaster. She was appointed a High Court judge in 1992 (and received the customary appointment as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire). As a High Court judge, she was involved in the trials of many notable homicide cases. Smith prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", the report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman.", "Harold Shipman: Doctor Death Harold Shipman: Doctor Death is a 2002 ITV television drama about the life and crimes of serial killer Harold Shipman. Starring James Bolam in the role of Shipman, the programme was directed by Roger Bamford and written by Michael Eaton. Broadcast on 9 July 2002, the programme attracted a viewing audience of 7.37 million. The programme was released on DVD on 15 July 2013 by Strawberry Media, in association with ITV."], "answer": {"text": "A 2005 inquiry found that Shipman's suicide \"could not have been predicted or prevented\",", "answer_start": 494}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Harold Shipman die?", "answer": {"text": "13 January 2004,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he die?", "answer": {"text": "Shipman hanged himself in his cell at Wakefield Prison", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do leading up to his death?", "answer": {"text": "he had reportedly told his probation officer that he was considering suicide", "answer_start": 1535, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4dbe5c5d6c934f0881dea31f59490fa3_0_q#4", "question": "what happened after his death?", "rewrite": "What happened after Harold Shipman death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Harold Shipman: Doctor Death Harold Shipman: Doctor Death is a 2002 ITV television drama about the life and crimes of serial killer Harold Shipman. Starring James Bolam in the role of Shipman, the programme was directed by Roger Bamford and written by Michael Eaton. Broadcast on 9 July 2002, the programme attracted a viewing audience of 7.37 million. The programme was released on DVD on 15 July 2013 by Strawberry Media, in association with ITV.", "Janet Smith (judge)  Dame Janet Hilary Smith, (born 29 November 1940), styled The Rt Hon. Lady Justice Smith, is an English barrister and former High Court Judge and President of the Council of The Inns of Court. She was the judge who prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", a report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman, and the \"Dame Janet Smith Review\", a report on the activities of the British media personality and paedophile Jimmy Savile. On 21 November 2002, Smith became the fourth woman to be promoted to the Court of Appeal, but has since retired from that role. She is a Convenor of the cross-party political movement More United. Smith was born in Stockport, Cheshire, and attended Bolton School. She married, before being called to the Bar in 1972. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. She practised as a barrister for twenty years in Manchester, specialising in personal injury and clinical negligence cases. After being appointed QC in 1986, she was appointed by Lancashire County Council in 1991 to hold a public inquiry into reported abuse of autistic children at Scotforth House in Lancaster. She was appointed a High Court judge in 1992 (and received the customary appointment as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire). As a High Court judge, she was involved in the trials of many notable homicide cases. Smith prepared \"The Shipman Inquiry\", the report on the activities of the British serial killer Harold Shipman.", "The complaint was not upheld, but Roy Greenslade argued that King had a good case. In October 2011 then BBC Director-General Mark Thompson apologised to King for the removal of King's performance of \"It Only Takes a Minute\" from a repeat, on BBC Four, of a 1976 episode of \"Top of the Pops\". King described the cut as a \"Stalinist revision approach to history\". When asked by a newspaper in 2012 if he believed he had anything to apologise for, to anybody from his past, King replied, \"The only apology I have is to say that I was good at seduction. I was good at making myself seem attractive when I wasn't very attractive at all\". He appeared in front of the Leveson Inquiry. Journalist Robert Chalmers wrote that King's creative output after he left prison \"resembled a primal scream of rage\". Two novels appeared: \"Beware the Monkey Man\" (2010), under the pen name Rex Kenny, and \"Death Flies, Missing Girls and Brigitte Bardot\" (2013), under his real name, Kenneth George King. He also published a diary, \"Three Months\" (2012), and two volumes of his autobiography, \"Jonathan King 65: My Life So Far\" (2009) and \"70 FFFY\" (2014). King maintained an interest in prison issues and writes a column for \"Inside Time\", the national newspaper for prisoners. He released \"Earth to King\" in 2008. One of the new songs on the album, \"The True Story of Harold Shipman\" was about the serial killer Dr. Harold Shipman, in which King suggested that Shipman may have been a victim of the media. He also produced three films. \"", "The Shipman Inquiry The Shipman Inquiry was the report produced by a British governmental investigation into the activities of general practitioner and serial killer Harold Shipman. Shipman was arrested in September 1998 and the inquiry commenced shortly after he was found guilty of 15 murders in January 2000. It released its findings in various stages, with its sixth and final report being released on 27 January 2005 \u2013 by which time Shipman had died by suicide in prison. It was chaired by Dame Janet Smith DBE. While Shipman was convicted of 15 murders, the inquiry in July 2002 established that he had killed at least 215 people, and may have killed as many as 260, although the true number could be even higher. The inquiry took approximately 2,500 witness statements and analysed approximately 270,000 pages of evidence. In total the six reports ran to 5,000 pages and the investigation cost \u00a321 million. In May 2001, it was announced that the inquiry would be investigating a total of 618 deaths between 1974 and 1998. On 1 February 2000, the Secretary of State for Health, Alan Milburn, announced that an independent private inquiry would take place into Shipman's activities. It would decide what \"changes to current systems should be made in order to safeguard patients in the future\". Its findings would be made public, though it would be held in private. It was to be chaired by Lord Laming of Tewin. It began work on 10 March and was to produce a report by September 2000. Many families of the victims along with certain sections of the British media called for a Judicial Review in the High Court. It found in their favour and recommended that the inquiry be held in public. The Secretary of State for Health agreed, and in September 2000 announced that the inquiry would be held under the terms of the Tribunals of Inquiry (Evidence) Act 1921.", "Thayne Forbes Sir John Thayne Forbes (born 28 June 1938) is a retired British judge and barrister. As a High Court judge, he presided over the trial of Harold Shipman who was convicted of 15 murders in 2000 and subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment. Shipman is now recognised as one of the most prolific serial killers in history. He led the Al-Sweady Inquiry, a five-year public enquiry that reported in 2014. Forbes was born of Scottish parents on the Isle of Wight on 28 June 1938. He was educated at Winchester College, a public school in Winchester, Hampshire, and at Wolverton Grammar School, a co-educational state grammar school in Wolverton, Buckinghamshire. From 1957 to 1960, he studied law at University College London. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree and a Master of Laws (LLM) degree. From 1963 to 1966, Forbes served as an Instructor Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. On 2 December 1966, he was placed on the Emergency List for four years. This marked the end of military service and began the time period during which he was liable for call-up. Forbes was called to the bar in 1966. In 1984, he was appointed Queen's Counsel (QC). On 13 March 1986, he was appointed a Recorder, a part-time judge. On 5 June 1990, he was appointed a Circuit Judge. From 1990 to 1993, he was an Official Referee of the Technology and Construction Court. He was elected Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1991. On 24 May 1993, he was appointed a High Court Judge and was assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. He presided over the trial of Harold Shipman, a serial killer who was convicted 2000. Between 2001 and 2004, he was Presiding Judge of the Technology and Construction Court. He retired from the High Court in January 2009."], "answer": {"text": "Some of the victims' families said they felt cheated,", "answer_start": 271}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Harold Shipman die?", "answer": {"text": "13 January 2004,", "answer_start": 67, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did he die?", "answer": {"text": "Shipman hanged himself in his cell at Wakefield Prison", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do leading up to his death?", "answer": {"text": "he had reportedly told his probation officer that he was considering suicide", "answer_start": 1535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they do anything to prevent him from trying?", "answer": {"text": "A 2005 inquiry found that Shipman's suicide \"could not have been predicted or prevented\",", "answer_start": 494, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_98156be5ce99473090796d682f12f826_0_q#0", "question": "What did Bryan Ferry do during his solo years?", "rewrite": "What did Bryan Ferry do during his solo years?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She performed with a wide variety of orchestras, opera and ballet companies, and gave recitals including performances at the Cambridge, Beaumaris and Cheltenham music festivals. She also joined the panel of Yehudi Menuhin's \"Live Music Now!\", which enables young musicians to perform in various communities around the country, such as in schools, day-care centres, homes for the elderly, homes for those suffering from Alzheimers or dementia, prisons and young offenders' institutes. Julia's main breakthrough came at a yoga demo in 1999, where she was playing the harp, and was thus spotted by one of the attendees \u2013 Clare Davies, wife to Bryan Ferry's producer, Rhett Davies. Following an audition, she began working with Bryan Ferry, performing on the harp and percussion instruments on his \"As Time Goes By\" tour, which comprised a collection of 1930s standards such as the title track. In 2001 she was asked to join the Roxy Music reunion tour \u2013 a tour that would involve 50 days of percussion-playing only, and despite her love for the harp, Thornton took this opportunity. The tour involved visits to Australia and Japan, and playing in some of the world's biggest stadia such as Wembley. The seeds of \"Harpistry\" were sown during her involvement with a mediaeval instrumental group, Arcana Mundi, a concept dreamt up by Craig Leon, who would later become her producer. Sure enough, she signed a deal with EMI in 2002, and between trips abroad with Bryan Ferry, she sourced the material for her first album, with help from Leon. She recorded her first album, \"Harpistry\", in the Netherlands in 2003, before going to Brazil on another Bryan Ferry tour. On 1 September 2005, www. PlaybillArts.com reported that Harpistry charted no. 13 on the Billboard Classical chart.", "Another Time, Another Place (Bryan Ferry album) Another Time, Another Place was Bryan Ferry's second studio album as a solo artist. The album reached #4 in the UK charts in 1974. Recording took place in London at Island, Ramport and AIR studios. Like \"These Foolish Things\", \"Another Time, Another Place\" is essentially a cover album, with the exception of the last song, which gave its title to the album and was written by Ferry. It featured a Bob Dylan song (\"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall\" on the former LP, \" It Ain't Me Babe\" on the latter) and a standard (the title track of \"These Foolish Things\", \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" on \"Another Time, Another Place\") but while \"These Foolish Things\" emphasized an early-'60s girl-group repertoire, \"Another Time, Another Place\" turned to soul music (Sam Cooke, Ike & Tina Turner) and country music (Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Joe South). Reviewing for AllMusic, critic Ned Raggett wrote of the album \" The album as a whole feels a touch more formal than its predecessor, but Ferry and company, plus various brass and string sections, turn on the showiness enough to make it all fun. A harbringer of solo albums to come appears at end -- the title track, a Ferry original.\" And the critic Robert Christgau wrote of the album \"Comedy routines are rarely as funny the second time around, especially when you've used up your best lines--\"The `In' Crowd\" is the only zinger Ferry comes up with here.\" Side 1 Side 2 Soloists: Also featuring: (instruments are mentioned tentatively based on the credits of other Bryan Ferry records)", "The Jazz Age (The Bryan Ferry Orchestra album) The Jazz Age, is the fourteenth studio album, is a re-recording of some of Bryan Ferry's compositions, as played in jazz style of the 1920s, by The Bryan Ferry Orchestra. The 13 songs have been chosen from 11 albums, from his very first release \"Roxy Music\" (1972) to his at that time recent solo record \"Olympia\" (2010). The album was co-produced by Ferry and Rhett Davies, with arrangements by Colin Good, and released on 26 November 2012 as a 10in vinyl folio edition and on 12in vinyl, CD and digital download, on BMG Rights Management. The artwork for \"The Jazz Age\" album consists of illustrations by the renowned French poster artist Paul Colin (1892\u20131985). Ferry himself does not perform on the album, which consists entirely of instrumental performances. Talking about the inspiration behind the reinterpretations, Ferry told \"Clash\", \"I've sort of gone back to the music that I liked listening to when I was a young lad, nine or ten years old - I was really fairly precocious for that time.\" The album is Ferry's lowest charting of his career, peaking at #50 on the UK Albums Chart. All songs were written by Bryan Ferry except where noted.", "Taxi (Bryan Ferry album) Taxi is the eighth solo studio album by Bryan Ferry, the former lead vocalist for Roxy Music. The album was released on Virgin Records in April 1993, over five years after the release of his previous album \"B\u00eate Noire\". This was Ferry's third solo album since the second demise of Roxy Music in 1983, ten years earlier. The album was a commercial and critical success, peaking at No. 2 in the U.K., it was certified Gold by the BPI. The first single, \"I Put a Spell on You\" was the album's only top 20 hit in the U.K., peaking at No. 18. The second single, \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\" narrowly missed the U.K. top 20, peaking at No. 23. The third and final single, \"Girl Of My Best Friend\" peaked at 57. When Ferry was asked about the album, he said \"Since I started work on the \"Taxi\" album, everything has gone great for me. The last two years have been terrific, but I had three or four miserable years. Doing the \"Taxi\" album was the start of getting things right. Just getting something done quickly and efficiently was very gratifying. Finishing something I liked and getting back into singing again, getting away from my own writing temporarily was a good thing.\" Reviewing for AllMusic critic, Ned Raggett wrote of the album \" \"Taxi\" shows a mature Bryan Ferry, suave and controlled, very much in line with his general career from 1979 on.\" and he added that \"Ferry's treated vocals, made to sound weirdly flat and compressed, heightens the curious mood.\" And reviewing for Entertainment Weekly, critic David Browne wrote of the album \"", "Oliver Thompson Oliver Thompson is an English guitarist, songwriter and singer. He has toured with Roxy Music and Bryan Ferry since 2005, playing with guitarists including Phil Manzanera, Chris Spedding and Johnny Marr. He has played on Ferry's solo tours, festival dates and recording projects since he began working with him at age 17. He played on Ferry's 2007 solo album \"Dylanesque\" and was the principal guitarist on the 2010 \"Olympia\", which also featured David Gilmour, Nile Rodgers, Johnny Greenwood and Phil Manzanera. He toured with The Bryan Ferry Orchestra in 2013 for \"The Jazz Age\". When asked in a 2013 interview about his favorite guitarists to work with, Ferry said,  Thompson was given his first guitar at 13 and soon started playing in his first band White Vinyl (2003\u20132007). He then started the band Rubber Kiss Goodbye (2008\u20132011) where he was the singer, songwriter and guitarist. The latter also included Bryan Ferry's son Tara Ferry on drums and Peter Perrett Jr. (previously of the band Babyshambles) on bass. Festival appearances for Rubber Kiss Goodbye included the 2009 SXSW in Austin, Texas, The Great Escape Festival (2010) in Brighton, England, and the Lodestar Festival in Cambridgeshire, England (2011). In 2013, he started his first solo project, under his first two names Ollie Forrest. He launched his first single in London on 20 June 2014, featuring the songs \"Gun To Your Baby\" and \"Wild's Rent\"."], "answer": {"text": "In July 1985, Ferry performed at the London Live Aid show, accompanied by Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour.", "answer_start": 241}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_98156be5ce99473090796d682f12f826_0_q#1", "question": "What else did he do?", "rewrite": "In addition to performing at the London Live Aid show, what else did Bryan Ferry do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ferry continued to record as a solo artist, and released his sixth solo album, Boys and Girls, in 1985. The album reached number one in the UK, his first and only solo recording to do so, and also became his biggest selling album in the US. In July 1985, Ferry performed at the London Live Aid show, accompanied by Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour. He was hit with technical difficulties on sound, the drummer's drumstick broke at the start of the first song \"Sensation\" and Gilmour's Fender Stratocaster went dead, so he had to switch to his candy-apple red Stratocaster for the rest of the performance. The difficulties in sound were overcome for \"Slave to Love\" and \"Jealous Guy\". As with other successful Live Aid acts, his then current album, Boys and Girls, remained in the UK chart for almost a year. After the Avalon promotional tours, Ferry was rather reluctant to return to live touring on the road; however, a change of management persuaded him to try touring again in 1988 to promote the previous year's Bete Noire release. Following the tour, Ferry teamed up again with Brian Eno for Mamouna (collaborating with Robin Trower on guitar and as producer). The album took more than five years to produce, and was created under the working title Horoscope. During production, Ferry simultaneously recorded and released another covers album, Taxi in 1993, which proved to be a greater commercial and critical success than Mamouna would be when it was finally released in 1994. In 1996 Ferry performed the song \"Dance With Life\" for the Phenomenon soundtrack, which was written by Bernie Taupin and Martin Page. In 1999 Ferry appeared with Alan Partridge (played by Steve Coogan) on BBC's Comic Relief.", "Chester Kamen Chester Kamen (born in Hackney, London) is an English session guitarist, whose work has included performing with Paul McCartney, Bryan Ferry, Bob Geldof, Madonna, Duran Duran, Robbie Williams, Roger Waters, David Gilmour, Seal, Massive Attack, Kirsty McColl, Belouis Some and Gabrielle. Kamen started playing the guitar at the age of 11, and at 18, he turned professional. His first recording was with the band called Numbers. Kamen and the Numbers vocalist, Ouida, teamed up and were discovered by Bryan Ferry who produced their self-penned single entitled, \"Pick Up In a Nightclub\". In 1985, Kamen performed on stage at Live Aid alongside Pink Floyd's guitarist David Gilmour as part of Bryan Ferry's backing band, first playing with Ferry on his \"Boys and Girls\" album also in 1985. He continued to work with Ferry into the 1990s. Kamen joined him for the 1989 dates of his \"B\u00eate Noire\" tour and was the lead guitarist on the 1994 dates of his Mamouna tour. Kamen also co-wrote and co-produced some of the tracks on Ferry's B\u00eate Noire album including the song \"Seven Deadly Sins\" along with Guy Pratt. In 2002, when Roger Waters continued his In The Flesh Tour, Kamen was brought on board to replace Doyle Bramhall II, who had other commitments and could not commit to the tour. Kamen's association with Waters continued, when he replaced Andy Fairweather-Low on guitars and backing vocals, for the 2008 leg on Waters' The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour. Kamen also notably appeared with Waters and David Gilmour when they performed a short set together for the charity Hoping Foundation, in Oxfordshire, England on 11 July 2010. In 2016, Kamen toured as part of David Gilmour's band, taking part in his Rattle That Lock Tour.", "Neil Hubbard Neil Terrence Hubbard (born 24 February 1948) is a British guitarist who performed with Juicy Lucy, The Grease Band, Bluesology, Joe Cocker, Roxy Music, Kokomo, B.B. King, Kevin Rowland and Tony O'Malley; and played on the original 1970 concept album, \"Jesus Christ Superstar\". Hubbard was educated at King's School, Peterborough, where he was a boarder. He and another pupil were budding guitarists who built their own amplifiers using plans designed by a fellow boarder and electronics wizard named Wright. The duo would entertain their chums with renditions of songs such as Tommy Roe's \"Sheila\" and Buddy Holly's \"Peggy Sue\". Hubbard's association with Bryan Ferry began during the sessions that formed the \"Let's Stick Together\" album, where Hubbard played guitar on a re-recording of Roxy Music's \"Casanova\". Hubbard's guitar playing can also be heard on Roxy Music's \"Flesh and Blood\" and \"Avalon\" albums. He played with the band during the 1980 and 1982 tours. The 1982 tour can be heard on the live album \"Heart Still Beating\" (and also the live DVD \"The High Road\"). Hubbard also played in Ferry's band at Live Aid, the 1988 tour (available on the DVD, \"Bryan Ferry The Bete Noire Tour\") and on the 1994-5 tour. His guitar work can be heard on Ferry's \"Boys And Girls\", \"B\u00eate Noire\", \"Taxi\" and \"Mamouna\" albums. The guitar solo at the end of Ferry's hit single, \"Slave to Love\", featured Hubbard. In May 2008, the 1970s jazz funk band Kokomo was temporarily reformed.", "During their Live Aid set, Le Bon inadvertently hit an off-key falsetto note in the chorus of \"A View to a Kill\", an error that was trumpeted by numerous media outlets as \"The Bum Note Heard Round the World\" (in contrast to Freddie Mercury's \"Note Heard Round the World\" at the Wembley Stadium Live Aid show). Le Bon later described the moment as the most embarrassing of his career. After releasing three studio albums and one live album in five years, each accompanied by heavy media promotion and lengthy concert tours, the band lost two of its core members to fatigue and tension in 1986. After Live Aid and Arcadia, drummer Roger Taylor retired to the English countryside, suffering from exhaustion. This was originally announced as a one-year sabbatical, but it soon became clear that he would not be returning to the band. An official press release was issued in April 1986 confirming his departure. In a 2004 interview with Live Daily, Roger Taylor confirmed his reasons for leaving: \"I was burned out. I think I was just exhausted. It was a very intense five years. We didn't stop. It was constant touring, constant writing, recording. We broke internationally, as well\u2014instantly, pretty well. It's a nonstop schedule, really. I had lost myself somewhere.\" Guitarist Andy Taylor led the remaining members to believe he would return to work on a new Duran Duran album even as he was signing a solo recording contract in Los Angeles, eventually releasing a solo album in 1986 called \"Thunder\". The band resorted to legal measures to get him into the studio, but after numerous delays, they let him go at last. He played on only a few songs on the next album while the disagreements were being settled.", "Kim Basinger reportedly wished to play the role of \"Goldilocks\". However, problems arose (mostly involving the script), and all three actors abandoned the film. While on the \"No Jacket Required\" tour, Collins recorded a song for the movie \"White Nights\", titled \"Separate Lives\". The song, which was written by Collins's friend Stephen Bishop, was a duet that Collins performed with Marilyn Martin. In the US, the song went to number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and it reached number four on the UK charts. The No Jacket Required World Tour ended with Collins performing at both the Wembley Stadium and JFK Stadium Live Aid concerts. Collins claims that it all happened by accident, and that both he and Power Station were going to attend both Live Aid shows as well, but \"they all chickened out.\" \"By default, I was the only one who did it,\" he later claimed. Bob Geldof, the organiser of Live Aid, originally asked Collins to be part of Geldof's first charity effort, Band Aid. Collins played the drums and performed backing vocals for Band Aid's UK number one hit in 1984, \" Do They Know It's Christmas?\". Collins first performed with Sting at Wembley, and together they performed \"In the Air Tonight\", \"Against All Odds\", \"Long Long Way to Go\" and \"Every Breath You Take\", accompanied by saxophonist Branford Marsalis. After Collins finished performing, he flew on Concorde to the Live Aid show in Philadelphia. On the plane, he met Cher, and convinced her to be a part of the event. Once there he met Robert Plant, who had asked him if he would perform with him, Jimmy Page and Tony Thompson in a Led Zeppelin \"reunion\" of sorts."], "answer": {"text": "After the Avalon promotional tours, Ferry was rather reluctant to return to live touring on the road; however, a change of management persuaded him to try touring again in 1988", "answer_start": 810}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Bryan Ferry do during his solo years?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1985, Ferry performed at the London Live Aid show, accompanied by Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour.", "answer_start": 241, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98156be5ce99473090796d682f12f826_0_q#2", "question": "What did Ferry do after this?", "rewrite": "What did Bryan Ferry do after the Avalon promotional tours?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["More than This (compilation album)  More than This a 1995 compilation album featuring music by Roxy Music and solo songs by the group's lead singer, Bryan Ferry. The name of the album is taken from the song \"More than This\" from the 1982 Roxy Music album \"Avalon\". All songs written by Bryan Ferry except where noted. In 1997, \"More Than This\" was also released in Japan. The track listing was slightly different, as \"I Put a Spell on You\" was replaced by \"Tokyo Joe\". In 1999 there was also an American release, again with a different track listing. The Bryan Ferry song \" I'm in the Mood for Love\" was added and both \"Is Your Love Strong Enough?\" and \"Your Painted Smile\" were left out. ! scope=\"row\"|Worldwide (IFPI)", "Oliver Thompson Oliver Thompson is an English guitarist, songwriter and singer. He has toured with Roxy Music and Bryan Ferry since 2005, playing with guitarists including Phil Manzanera, Chris Spedding and Johnny Marr. He has played on Ferry's solo tours, festival dates and recording projects since he began working with him at age 17. He played on Ferry's 2007 solo album \"Dylanesque\" and was the principal guitarist on the 2010 \"Olympia\", which also featured David Gilmour, Nile Rodgers, Johnny Greenwood and Phil Manzanera. He toured with The Bryan Ferry Orchestra in 2013 for \"The Jazz Age\". When asked in a 2013 interview about his favorite guitarists to work with, Ferry said,  Thompson was given his first guitar at 13 and soon started playing in his first band White Vinyl (2003\u20132007). He then started the band Rubber Kiss Goodbye (2008\u20132011) where he was the singer, songwriter and guitarist. The latter also included Bryan Ferry's son Tara Ferry on drums and Peter Perrett Jr. (previously of the band Babyshambles) on bass. Festival appearances for Rubber Kiss Goodbye included the 2009 SXSW in Austin, Texas, The Great Escape Festival (2010) in Brighton, England, and the Lodestar Festival in Cambridgeshire, England (2011). In 2013, he started his first solo project, under his first two names Ollie Forrest. He launched his first single in London on 20 June 2014, featuring the songs \"Gun To Your Baby\" and \"Wild's Rent\".", "Ferry continued to record as a solo artist, and released his sixth solo album, Boys and Girls, in 1985. The album reached number one in the UK, his first and only solo recording to do so, and also became his biggest selling album in the US. In July 1985, Ferry performed at the London Live Aid show, accompanied by Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour. He was hit with technical difficulties on sound, the drummer's drumstick broke at the start of the first song \"Sensation\" and Gilmour's Fender Stratocaster went dead, so he had to switch to his candy-apple red Stratocaster for the rest of the performance. The difficulties in sound were overcome for \"Slave to Love\" and \"Jealous Guy\". As with other successful Live Aid acts, his then current album, Boys and Girls, remained in the UK chart for almost a year. After the Avalon promotional tours, Ferry was rather reluctant to return to live touring on the road; however, a change of management persuaded him to try touring again in 1988 to promote the previous year's Bete Noire release. Following the tour, Ferry teamed up again with Brian Eno for Mamouna (collaborating with Robin Trower on guitar and as producer). The album took more than five years to produce, and was created under the working title Horoscope. During production, Ferry simultaneously recorded and released another covers album, Taxi in 1993, which proved to be a greater commercial and critical success than Mamouna would be when it was finally released in 1994. In 1996 Ferry performed the song \"Dance With Life\" for the Phenomenon soundtrack, which was written by Bernie Taupin and Martin Page. In 1999 Ferry appeared with Alan Partridge (played by Steve Coogan) on BBC's Comic Relief.", "The Jazz Age (The Bryan Ferry Orchestra album) The Jazz Age, is the fourteenth studio album, is a re-recording of some of Bryan Ferry's compositions, as played in jazz style of the 1920s, by The Bryan Ferry Orchestra. The 13 songs have been chosen from 11 albums, from his very first release \"Roxy Music\" (1972) to his at that time recent solo record \"Olympia\" (2010). The album was co-produced by Ferry and Rhett Davies, with arrangements by Colin Good, and released on 26 November 2012 as a 10in vinyl folio edition and on 12in vinyl, CD and digital download, on BMG Rights Management. The artwork for \"The Jazz Age\" album consists of illustrations by the renowned French poster artist Paul Colin (1892\u20131985). Ferry himself does not perform on the album, which consists entirely of instrumental performances. Talking about the inspiration behind the reinterpretations, Ferry told \"Clash\", \"I've sort of gone back to the music that I liked listening to when I was a young lad, nine or ten years old - I was really fairly precocious for that time.\" The album is Ferry's lowest charting of his career, peaking at #50 on the UK Albums Chart. All songs were written by Bryan Ferry except where noted.", "Limbo (Bryan Ferry song) \"Limbo\" is a song by Bryan Ferry, the former lead vocalist for Roxy Music. It was released as the third and final single from his seventh album \"B\u00eate Noire\" in 1988, and was his twenty-seventh single. The song failed to enjoy as much success as the two previous singles from the album; it peaked at number 86 on the UK Singles Chart. It also appears in the ill-fated film \"Big Time\", starring Paul Guilfoyle. The song, like the other singles released from the album (\"The Right Stuff\" and \"Kiss and Tell\"), features The Smiths' lead guitarist Johnny Marr. The promotional video for the song was directed by style and fashion guru Michael Roberts, a longtime friend of Ferry. As well as the song's album and single releases, it has been featured on various Ferry compilation albums, including \"The Platinum Collection\", \"Collection\" and \"The Best Of Bryan Ferry\"."], "answer": {"text": "Following the tour, Ferry teamed up again with Brian Eno for Mamouna", "answer_start": 1038}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Bryan Ferry do during his solo years?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1985, Ferry performed at the London Live Aid show, accompanied by Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour.", "answer_start": 241, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "After the Avalon promotional tours, Ferry was rather reluctant to return to live touring on the road; however, a change of management persuaded him to try touring again in 1988", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98156be5ce99473090796d682f12f826_0_q#3", "question": "Did he have any success?", "rewrite": "Did Bryan Ferry have any success?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Right Stuff (Bryan Ferry song) \"The Right Stuff\" is a song by Bryan Ferry, the former lead vocalist for Roxy Music. It was released as the first single from his seventh album \"B\u00eate Noire\" in late 1987, being Ferry's twenty-fifth single. It was the album's only Top 40 hit in the U.K., peaking at No. 37. The song was co-written by Johnny Marr and adapted from The Smiths' instrumental B-side to \"Bigmouth Strikes Again\" (\"Money Changes Everything\"). When Marr was asked about the collaboration in a 1989 interview with \"Sonics\" he said \"He [Ferry] didn\u2019t know who I was. But he was looking for co-writers and someone suggested me to him. Someone played him some Smiths records and he went 'Oh, this guy plays guitar all right!' So he invited me down to the studio. Bryan Ferry was an old hero of mine and it was great to work with him, but the end result was\u2026he\u2019s a bit blow-waved.\" Guy Pratt, who played bass with Ferry during this period tells it differently in his book. Ferry heard \"Money Changes Everything\" and had the genius idea of putting vocals on it to have a hit. Their then guitar player Chester, \"could play the intro, but couldn't \"play\" it\" and so Ferry enlisted Johnny Marr himself to play on the track.", "She performed with a wide variety of orchestras, opera and ballet companies, and gave recitals including performances at the Cambridge, Beaumaris and Cheltenham music festivals. She also joined the panel of Yehudi Menuhin's \"Live Music Now!\", which enables young musicians to perform in various communities around the country, such as in schools, day-care centres, homes for the elderly, homes for those suffering from Alzheimers or dementia, prisons and young offenders' institutes. Julia's main breakthrough came at a yoga demo in 1999, where she was playing the harp, and was thus spotted by one of the attendees \u2013 Clare Davies, wife to Bryan Ferry's producer, Rhett Davies. Following an audition, she began working with Bryan Ferry, performing on the harp and percussion instruments on his \"As Time Goes By\" tour, which comprised a collection of 1930s standards such as the title track. In 2001 she was asked to join the Roxy Music reunion tour \u2013 a tour that would involve 50 days of percussion-playing only, and despite her love for the harp, Thornton took this opportunity. The tour involved visits to Australia and Japan, and playing in some of the world's biggest stadia such as Wembley. The seeds of \"Harpistry\" were sown during her involvement with a mediaeval instrumental group, Arcana Mundi, a concept dreamt up by Craig Leon, who would later become her producer. Sure enough, she signed a deal with EMI in 2002, and between trips abroad with Bryan Ferry, she sourced the material for her first album, with help from Leon. She recorded her first album, \"Harpistry\", in the Netherlands in 2003, before going to Brazil on another Bryan Ferry tour. On 1 September 2005, www. PlaybillArts.com reported that Harpistry charted no. 13 on the Billboard Classical chart.", "Taxi (Bryan Ferry album) Taxi is the eighth solo studio album by Bryan Ferry, the former lead vocalist for Roxy Music. The album was released on Virgin Records in April 1993, over five years after the release of his previous album \"B\u00eate Noire\". This was Ferry's third solo album since the second demise of Roxy Music in 1983, ten years earlier. The album was a commercial and critical success, peaking at No. 2 in the U.K., it was certified Gold by the BPI. The first single, \"I Put a Spell on You\" was the album's only top 20 hit in the U.K., peaking at No. 18. The second single, \"Will You Love Me Tomorrow\" narrowly missed the U.K. top 20, peaking at No. 23. The third and final single, \"Girl Of My Best Friend\" peaked at 57. When Ferry was asked about the album, he said \"Since I started work on the \"Taxi\" album, everything has gone great for me. The last two years have been terrific, but I had three or four miserable years. Doing the \"Taxi\" album was the start of getting things right. Just getting something done quickly and efficiently was very gratifying. Finishing something I liked and getting back into singing again, getting away from my own writing temporarily was a good thing.\" Reviewing for AllMusic critic, Ned Raggett wrote of the album \" \"Taxi\" shows a mature Bryan Ferry, suave and controlled, very much in line with his general career from 1979 on.\" and he added that \"Ferry's treated vocals, made to sound weirdly flat and compressed, heightens the curious mood.\" And reviewing for Entertainment Weekly, critic David Browne wrote of the album \"", "Another Time, Another Place (Bryan Ferry album) Another Time, Another Place was Bryan Ferry's second studio album as a solo artist. The album reached #4 in the UK charts in 1974. Recording took place in London at Island, Ramport and AIR studios. Like \"These Foolish Things\", \"Another Time, Another Place\" is essentially a cover album, with the exception of the last song, which gave its title to the album and was written by Ferry. It featured a Bob Dylan song (\"A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall\" on the former LP, \" It Ain't Me Babe\" on the latter) and a standard (the title track of \"These Foolish Things\", \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" on \"Another Time, Another Place\") but while \"These Foolish Things\" emphasized an early-'60s girl-group repertoire, \"Another Time, Another Place\" turned to soul music (Sam Cooke, Ike & Tina Turner) and country music (Kris Kristofferson, Willie Nelson, Joe South). Reviewing for AllMusic, critic Ned Raggett wrote of the album \" The album as a whole feels a touch more formal than its predecessor, but Ferry and company, plus various brass and string sections, turn on the showiness enough to make it all fun. A harbringer of solo albums to come appears at end -- the title track, a Ferry original.\" And the critic Robert Christgau wrote of the album \"Comedy routines are rarely as funny the second time around, especially when you've used up your best lines--\"The `In' Crowd\" is the only zinger Ferry comes up with here.\" Side 1 Side 2 Soloists: Also featuring: (instruments are mentioned tentatively based on the credits of other Bryan Ferry records)", "The Jazz Age (The Bryan Ferry Orchestra album) The Jazz Age, is the fourteenth studio album, is a re-recording of some of Bryan Ferry's compositions, as played in jazz style of the 1920s, by The Bryan Ferry Orchestra. The 13 songs have been chosen from 11 albums, from his very first release \"Roxy Music\" (1972) to his at that time recent solo record \"Olympia\" (2010). The album was co-produced by Ferry and Rhett Davies, with arrangements by Colin Good, and released on 26 November 2012 as a 10in vinyl folio edition and on 12in vinyl, CD and digital download, on BMG Rights Management. The artwork for \"The Jazz Age\" album consists of illustrations by the renowned French poster artist Paul Colin (1892\u20131985). Ferry himself does not perform on the album, which consists entirely of instrumental performances. Talking about the inspiration behind the reinterpretations, Ferry told \"Clash\", \"I've sort of gone back to the music that I liked listening to when I was a young lad, nine or ten years old - I was really fairly precocious for that time.\" The album is Ferry's lowest charting of his career, peaking at #50 on the UK Albums Chart. All songs were written by Bryan Ferry except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "After taking some time off from music, Ferry returned in 1999 when he released an album of 1930s songs, As Time Goes By, which was nominated for a Grammy Award.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Bryan Ferry do during his solo years?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1985, Ferry performed at the London Live Aid show, accompanied by Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour.", "answer_start": 241, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "After the Avalon promotional tours, Ferry was rather reluctant to return to live touring on the road; however, a change of management persuaded him to try touring again in 1988", "answer_start": 810, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Ferry do after this?", "answer": {"text": "Following the tour, Ferry teamed up again with Brian Eno for Mamouna", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fad322cf98a44f2a3400d95fc7e3c42_1_q#0", "question": "What was in Bill Lemon Jefferson's biography?", "rewrite": "What was in Bill Lemon Jefferson's biography?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\" Eighinger observed that Forrester \"eventually earned as much respect for his decision to play five black players as he did for leading the Hawks to their first national tournament appearance.\" A second article by Eighinger in the \"Quincy Herald-Whig\" on 3 October 2012, reflected on the death of Ed Crenshaw, the Quincy basketball team's captain and leading scorer in the 1950s: \"'Easy Ed' was one of the nicest men I ever met, and if you are a longtime Quincy University basketball fan that name probably rings a bell. And if you have never heard of Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon, well ... you should have. \" Those five men, and their coach, the late Harry Forrester, made history in the mid-1950s with the Hawks basketball program. The problem, at the time, was no one realized it. \"A decade later, it was a big deal when Texas Western, which is now known as UTEP, started five black players in the NCAA Tournament championship game against Kentucky. A few years ago, they even made a movie about their coach, Don Haskins, and those players. Harry Forrester and the players from Quincy never received that kind of (positive) attention. \"The 1950s and 1960s were a much different time in America when it came to racism and sports, especially at the amateur level. This was a time when the Mississippi State basketball team declined an invitation to take part in the NCAA Tournament because it might have to play against an opponent with black players. At that time, many black players preferred to attend 'historically black colleges' rather than be subjected to the treatment those from Quincy received. Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon were subjected to racial taunts and threats when they played on the road.", "Matchbox (song) \"Matchbox\" is a song written and recorded by Carl Perkins and released in 1957. Blind Lemon Jefferson wrote and recorded a song entitled \"Match Box Blues\" in 1927, which is musically different but which contains some lyric phrases in common. \"Matchbox\" was recorded as a rockabilly song by Carl Perkins in December 1956 and by fellow Sun Records performer, Jerry Lee Lewis - who played piano on the original track - in 1958. The Carl Perkins tune shares some lyrics with 1920s blues songs by Ma Rainey and Blind Lemon Jefferson but the music is totally different. Sam Phillips and Sun Records released the Carl Perkins version as the B-side to \"Your True Love\". Although only the A-side became a record chart hit in 1957, \"Matchbox\" is one of Perkins' best-known recordings and variety of musicians have recorded the tune. Ma Rainey recorded \"Lost Wandering Blues\" in Chicago in March 1924. Paramount Records issued it on the standard ten-inch 78 rpm single (no. 12098) Her lyrics include the matchbox as a suitcase reference:  Three years later, Blind Lemon Jefferson used it for the title of his recording as \"Match Box Blues\" on March 14, 1927, for Okeh Records in Atlanta, Georgia. Blues author Paul Oliver stated that both Rainey and Jefferson \"may have absorbed [the line] from traditional usage.\" Jefferson recorded the song twice more in April 1927 for Paramount Records. Although they contain some differences, they include  Subsequently, the song was recorded by several blues and country swing musicians, such as Lead Belly, Big Bill Broonzy, the Shelton Brothers, and Roy Newman and His Boys. After recording \"Your True Love\" at Sun Records studio, Carl Perkins's father Buck suggested that he write a song based on snatches of lyrics that he remembered.", "That Black Snake Moan  \" That Black Snake Moan\" is a song written and recorded by American country blues musician Blind Lemon Jefferson. Inspired by singer Victoria Spivey's \"Black Snake Blues\", the song was released on Paramount Records in 1926, and has since become recognized as a signature composition which exemplifies Jefferson's unconventional melodic style and utilization of double entendres. The song was re-recorded a year later as \"Black Snake Moan\" for Okeh Records, and both versions have remained accessible through the availability of several compilation albums. During the 1920s, Paramount Records customers were in-demand for genuine country blues recordings. Blind Lemon Jefferson had been performing across Texas and the Mississippi Delta since 1912 and garnered a considerable following. Jefferson was signed to Paramount in 1925 as a result of one of two proposed scenarios: pianist Sammy Price recommended him to the label or Paramount music director Arthur C. Laibly discovered Jefferson performing on Dallas streets. Regardless, a talent scout recorded demos with Jefferson and the singer traveled to Chicago to record his first official sides: a pair of gospel tunes under the pseudonym Deacon L. J. Bates. Sales were strong, prompting further sessions with Jefferson in 1926. In his third session for Paramount, Jefferson recorded \"That Black Snake Moan\", along with \"Black Horse Blues\", \"Corina Blues\", and \"Jack O' Diamond Blues\". Riddled with sexual nuances, lyrically \"That Black Snake Moan\" was explicit with its intentions, with lines such as \"Mmm, black snake crawlin' in my room / And some pretty mama had better come and get this black snake soon\". Record producer J. Mayo Williams recalled Jefferson was \"just as cool and collected as any artist I've ever seen\" as they carried out the session.", "Blind Lemon Jefferson discography This is a comprehensive discography of Blind Lemon Jefferson, who was an East Texas\u2013born and Chicago-based Texas blues musician. He recorded 79 singles from 1925 to 1929. Jefferson was notable among blues musicians of his time for recording both spiritual and secular music, and he recorded both blues and ragtime songs. \"Complete Recorded Works\", vols. 1\u20134. Document Records 5020, 5021, 5022, 5023. \"The Complete Recorded Sides\". JSP Records JSP7706 (4-CD box). \"Too Late, Too Late Blues\", vol. 1. Document Records DOCD-5150 (two alternate takes).", "\" The song's first verse of the song is extracted from Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Broke & Hungry\" and there is a possibility that the remaining verses in the song might have been extracted from older Delta folk songs. In 1964, 77 Records released Sleepy John Estes' album \"Broke & Hungry, Ragged & Dirty too\". The song \"Ragged & Dirty\" appears in the album. Sleepy John Estes' version is a little different than Willie Brown's version and Blind Lemon's version. However, the song might have been recorded back in September 1929 in Memphis, Tennessee with the Three J's Jug Band. This version was recorded in March 3, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois. Sleepy John Estes on vocals and guitar. Yank Rachell on mandolin, Hammie Nixon on harmonica Mike Bloomfield on guitar The first verse of the line is the same as of Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Broke & Hungry\". The next three verses is similar to what Willie Brown had played in 1942 and the next two verses are different than previous versions of this song. Bob Dylan recorded \"Ragged & Dirty\" in 1993 for his album \"World Gone Wrong\". Bob Dylan's version was mostly influenced by Willie Brown's version. Although the two versions of the song had differences in lyrics. Dylan covered the song in acoustic guitar playing in the same style like that of Willie Brown. But, Dylan's version differed in lyrics except for the 1st verse."], "answer": {"text": "Jefferson was born blind (or possibly partially blind), near Coutchman, Texas.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5fad322cf98a44f2a3400d95fc7e3c42_1_q#1", "question": "When was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Bill Lemon Jeffernson born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jamal Sadatian Seyed Jamal Sadatian is an Iranian producer. Sadatian established the Iranian motion picture company BoshraFilm in 1990. Sadatian's films include \"The Color Purple\" (2005), \"Fireworks Wednesday\" (2006), \"Tambourine\" (2008), \"Seven minutes to Fall\" (2010), \"Shabane Rooz\" (2011), \"The Snow on the Pines\" (2012), \"At the End of 8th Street\" (2012), \"Saye Roshan\" (2013), \"Azar, Shahdokht, Parviz, & Others\" (2014), and \"Jameh Daran\" (2015). Fajr Film Festival", "Lemon's major league debut came as a third baseman as a late season call-up on September 9, 1941. He appeared in five games and collected one hit in five plate appearances. He was joined by catcher and fellow rookie Jim Hegan. He repeated the same number of games in the 1942 season and failed to record a hit. Lemon served in the United States Navy during World War II and missed the next three seasons. Before leaving for tour duty in 1943, Lemon married Jane McGee. Lemon was the Indians' center fielder for Opening Day in 1946. On April 30, Indians pitcher Bob Feller no-hit the New York Yankees; Feller later wrote that Lemon's \"daring catch\" and \"throwing to and doubling a man off second base\" were key in \"saving my\" no-hitter. By season's end, however, Lemon had entered more games as a pitcher than a utility player. Before that season, Lemon had only pitched one inning while with Oswego and another while with Wilkes-Barre. Birdie Tebbetts of the Detroit Tigers and Johnny Pesky of the Boston Red Sox had played against Lemon in Navy baseball games, and they spoke to Indians player-manager Lou Boudreau about switching Lemon from the outfield to the pitching mound. Boudreau discussed the potential move to pitcher with Yankees catcher Bill Dickey, who had also played in the Navy with Lemon. \"I knew Lemon had a strong arm, and once I realized he was not going to hit with consistency as an outfielder, I thought it would be worthwhile to look at him as a pitcher\", Boudreau later wrote. Lemon resisted the idea at first, but he agreed to the change after he learned that his salary could be higher as a pitcher. Lemon credited Indians coach Bill McKechnie with helping him to adjust to his new position.", "The discussions considered a wide range of proposals, with initial agreement on finance bills and on a joint sitting of the Commons and the Lords as a means by which to enforce Commons superiority in controversial areas; the number of members of the Lords present would be limited so that a Liberal majority of fifty or more in the House of Commons could overrule the Lords. However, the issue of home rule for Ireland was the main contention, with Unionists looking to exempt such a law from the Parliament Act procedure by means of a general exception for \"constitutional\" or \"structural\" bills. The Liberals supported an exception for bills relating to the monarchy and Protestant succession, but not home rule. On 10 November, the discussions were declared to have failed. The government threatened another dissolution if the Parliament Act were not passed, and followed through on their threat when opposition in the Lords did not diminish. The December 1910 general election produced little change from January. The second dissolution of Parliament now seems to have been contrary to the wishes of Edward VII. Edward had died in May 1910 while the crisis was still in progress. His successor, George V, was asked if he would be prepared to create sufficient peers, which he would only do if the matter arose. This would have meant creating over 400 new Liberal peers. The King, however, demanded that the bill would have to be rejected at least once by the Lords before his intervention. Two amendments made by the Lords were rejected by the Commons, and opposition to the bill showed little sign of reducing. This led H.H. Asquith to declare the King's intention to overcome the majority in the House of Lords by creating sufficient new peers. The bill was finally passed in the Lords by 131 votes to 114 votes, a majority of 17. This reflected a large number of abstentions.", "\" Eighinger observed that Forrester \"eventually earned as much respect for his decision to play five black players as he did for leading the Hawks to their first national tournament appearance.\" A second article by Eighinger in the \"Quincy Herald-Whig\" on 3 October 2012, reflected on the death of Ed Crenshaw, the Quincy basketball team's captain and leading scorer in the 1950s: \"'Easy Ed' was one of the nicest men I ever met, and if you are a longtime Quincy University basketball fan that name probably rings a bell. And if you have never heard of Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon, well ... you should have. \" Those five men, and their coach, the late Harry Forrester, made history in the mid-1950s with the Hawks basketball program. The problem, at the time, was no one realized it. \"A decade later, it was a big deal when Texas Western, which is now known as UTEP, started five black players in the NCAA Tournament championship game against Kentucky. A few years ago, they even made a movie about their coach, Don Haskins, and those players. Harry Forrester and the players from Quincy never received that kind of (positive) attention. \"The 1950s and 1960s were a much different time in America when it came to racism and sports, especially at the amateur level. This was a time when the Mississippi State basketball team declined an invitation to take part in the NCAA Tournament because it might have to play against an opponent with black players. At that time, many black players preferred to attend 'historically black colleges' rather than be subjected to the treatment those from Quincy received. Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon were subjected to racial taunts and threats when they played on the road.", "Between 1906 and 1909, several important measures were considerably watered down or rejected outright: for example, Augustine Birrell introduced the Education Bill 1906, which was intended to address nonconformist grievances arising from the Education Act 1902, but it was amended by the Lords to such an extent that it effectively became a different bill, whereupon the Commons dropped it. This led to a resolution in the House of Commons on 26 June 1907, put forward by Liberal Prime Minister Henry Campbell-Bannerman, declaring that the Lords' power ought to be curtailed. In 1909, hoping to force an election, the Lords rejected the financial bill based on the government budget (the \"People's Budget\") put forward by David Lloyd George, by 350 votes to 75. This action, according to the Commons, was \"a breach of the constitution and a usurpation of the rights of the Commons\". The Lords suggested that the Commons demonstrate at the polls the veracity of its claim that the bill represented the will of the people. The Liberal government sought to do so through the January 1910 general election. Their representation in parliament dropped heavily, but they retained a majority with the help of a significant number of Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) and Labour MPs. The IPP saw the continued power of the Lords as detrimental to securing Home Rule. Following the election, the Lords relented on the budget (which had been reintroduced by the government), and it passed the Lords on 28 April, a day after the Commons vote. The Lords was now faced with the prospect of a Parliament Act, which had considerable support from the Irish Nationalists. However, the issue of home rule for Ireland was the main point of contention, with (UK) Unionists looking to exempt such a law from the Parliament Act procedure, by means of a general exception for \"constitutional\" or \"structural\" bills."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was in Bill Lemon Jefferson's biography?", "answer": {"text": "Jefferson was born blind (or possibly partially blind), near Coutchman, Texas.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fad322cf98a44f2a3400d95fc7e3c42_1_q#2", "question": "When did he start performing?", "rewrite": "When did Bill Lemon Jefferson start performing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\" The song's first verse of the song is extracted from Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Broke & Hungry\" and there is a possibility that the remaining verses in the song might have been extracted from older Delta folk songs. In 1964, 77 Records released Sleepy John Estes' album \"Broke & Hungry, Ragged & Dirty too\". The song \"Ragged & Dirty\" appears in the album. Sleepy John Estes' version is a little different than Willie Brown's version and Blind Lemon's version. However, the song might have been recorded back in September 1929 in Memphis, Tennessee with the Three J's Jug Band. This version was recorded in March 3, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois. Sleepy John Estes on vocals and guitar. Yank Rachell on mandolin, Hammie Nixon on harmonica Mike Bloomfield on guitar The first verse of the line is the same as of Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Broke & Hungry\". The next three verses is similar to what Willie Brown had played in 1942 and the next two verses are different than previous versions of this song. Bob Dylan recorded \"Ragged & Dirty\" in 1993 for his album \"World Gone Wrong\". Bob Dylan's version was mostly influenced by Willie Brown's version. Although the two versions of the song had differences in lyrics. Dylan covered the song in acoustic guitar playing in the same style like that of Willie Brown. But, Dylan's version differed in lyrics except for the 1st verse.", "That Black Snake Moan  \" That Black Snake Moan\" is a song written and recorded by American country blues musician Blind Lemon Jefferson. Inspired by singer Victoria Spivey's \"Black Snake Blues\", the song was released on Paramount Records in 1926, and has since become recognized as a signature composition which exemplifies Jefferson's unconventional melodic style and utilization of double entendres. The song was re-recorded a year later as \"Black Snake Moan\" for Okeh Records, and both versions have remained accessible through the availability of several compilation albums. During the 1920s, Paramount Records customers were in-demand for genuine country blues recordings. Blind Lemon Jefferson had been performing across Texas and the Mississippi Delta since 1912 and garnered a considerable following. Jefferson was signed to Paramount in 1925 as a result of one of two proposed scenarios: pianist Sammy Price recommended him to the label or Paramount music director Arthur C. Laibly discovered Jefferson performing on Dallas streets. Regardless, a talent scout recorded demos with Jefferson and the singer traveled to Chicago to record his first official sides: a pair of gospel tunes under the pseudonym Deacon L. J. Bates. Sales were strong, prompting further sessions with Jefferson in 1926. In his third session for Paramount, Jefferson recorded \"That Black Snake Moan\", along with \"Black Horse Blues\", \"Corina Blues\", and \"Jack O' Diamond Blues\". Riddled with sexual nuances, lyrically \"That Black Snake Moan\" was explicit with its intentions, with lines such as \"Mmm, black snake crawlin' in my room / And some pretty mama had better come and get this black snake soon\". Record producer J. Mayo Williams recalled Jefferson was \"just as cool and collected as any artist I've ever seen\" as they carried out the session.", "\" Eighinger observed that Forrester \"eventually earned as much respect for his decision to play five black players as he did for leading the Hawks to their first national tournament appearance.\" A second article by Eighinger in the \"Quincy Herald-Whig\" on 3 October 2012, reflected on the death of Ed Crenshaw, the Quincy basketball team's captain and leading scorer in the 1950s: \"'Easy Ed' was one of the nicest men I ever met, and if you are a longtime Quincy University basketball fan that name probably rings a bell. And if you have never heard of Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon, well ... you should have. \" Those five men, and their coach, the late Harry Forrester, made history in the mid-1950s with the Hawks basketball program. The problem, at the time, was no one realized it. \"A decade later, it was a big deal when Texas Western, which is now known as UTEP, started five black players in the NCAA Tournament championship game against Kentucky. A few years ago, they even made a movie about their coach, Don Haskins, and those players. Harry Forrester and the players from Quincy never received that kind of (positive) attention. \"The 1950s and 1960s were a much different time in America when it came to racism and sports, especially at the amateur level. This was a time when the Mississippi State basketball team declined an invitation to take part in the NCAA Tournament because it might have to play against an opponent with black players. At that time, many black players preferred to attend 'historically black colleges' rather than be subjected to the treatment those from Quincy received. Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon were subjected to racial taunts and threats when they played on the road.", "Matchbox (song) \"Matchbox\" is a song written and recorded by Carl Perkins and released in 1957. Blind Lemon Jefferson wrote and recorded a song entitled \"Match Box Blues\" in 1927, which is musically different but which contains some lyric phrases in common. \"Matchbox\" was recorded as a rockabilly song by Carl Perkins in December 1956 and by fellow Sun Records performer, Jerry Lee Lewis - who played piano on the original track - in 1958. The Carl Perkins tune shares some lyrics with 1920s blues songs by Ma Rainey and Blind Lemon Jefferson but the music is totally different. Sam Phillips and Sun Records released the Carl Perkins version as the B-side to \"Your True Love\". Although only the A-side became a record chart hit in 1957, \"Matchbox\" is one of Perkins' best-known recordings and variety of musicians have recorded the tune. Ma Rainey recorded \"Lost Wandering Blues\" in Chicago in March 1924. Paramount Records issued it on the standard ten-inch 78 rpm single (no. 12098) Her lyrics include the matchbox as a suitcase reference:  Three years later, Blind Lemon Jefferson used it for the title of his recording as \"Match Box Blues\" on March 14, 1927, for Okeh Records in Atlanta, Georgia. Blues author Paul Oliver stated that both Rainey and Jefferson \"may have absorbed [the line] from traditional usage.\" Jefferson recorded the song twice more in April 1927 for Paramount Records. Although they contain some differences, they include  Subsequently, the song was recorded by several blues and country swing musicians, such as Lead Belly, Big Bill Broonzy, the Shelton Brothers, and Roy Newman and His Boys. After recording \"Your True Love\" at Sun Records studio, Carl Perkins's father Buck suggested that he write a song based on snatches of lyrics that he remembered.", "Jefferson was born blind (or possibly partially blind), near Coutchman, Texas. He was the youngest of seven (or possibly eight) children born to Alex and Clarissa Jefferson, who were sharecroppers. Disputes regarding the date of his birth derive from contradictory census records and draft registration records. By 1900, the family was farming southeast of Streetman, Texas, and his birth date is indicated as September 1893 in the 1900 census. The 1910 census, taken in May, before his birthday, further confirms his year of birth as 1893 and indicated that the family was farming northwest of Wortham, near his birthplace. In his 1917 draft registration, Jefferson gave his birth date as October 26, 1894, further stating that he then lived in Dallas, Texas, and had been blind since birth. In the 1920 census, he is recorded as having returned to Freestone County and was living with his half-brother, Kit Banks, on a farm between Wortham and Streetman. Jefferson began playing the guitar in his early teens and soon after he began performing at picnics and parties. He became a street musician, playing in East Texas towns in front of barbershops and on street corners. According to his cousin Alec Jefferson, quoted in the notes for Blind Lemon Jefferson, Classic Sides:  They were rough. Men were hustling women and selling bootleg and Lemon was singing for them all night... he'd start singing about eight and go on until four in the morning... mostly it would be just him sitting there and playing and singing all night. In the early 1910s, Jefferson began traveling frequently to Dallas, where he met and played with the blues musician Lead Belly. Jefferson was one of the earliest and most prominent figures in the blues movement developing in the Deep Ellum section of Dallas."], "answer": {"text": "In the early 1910s,", "answer_start": 1529}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was in Bill Lemon Jefferson's biography?", "answer": {"text": "Jefferson was born blind (or possibly partially blind), near Coutchman, Texas.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5fad322cf98a44f2a3400d95fc7e3c42_1_q#3", "question": "What instrument did he play?", "rewrite": "What instrument did Bill Lemon Jefferson play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Art Laibly Arthur Charles \"Art\" Laibly (April 17, 1894 \u2013 October 30, 1971) was an American record producer and sales manager. He was the first to make commercial recordings of Blind Lemon Jefferson and Skip James, and also recorded many other notable blues performers including Charley Patton and Son House, for Paramount Records in the 1920s and early 1930s. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, moving with his parents to Covington, Kentucky as a child. He played violin in local dance bands, and later worked for a lumber company, before becoming a sales manager for the Wisconsin Chair Company, the parent company of Paramount Records, in Port Washington, Wisconsin. In 1925 he was appointed as Sales Manager and Recording Director at Paramount, with authority over J. Mayo Williams. In late 1925, Dallas record salesman R. T. Ashford wrote suggesting that Laibly record the then-unknown Blind Lemon Jefferson. He did so, in early 1926 in Chicago, and Jefferson's records became highly successful. Laibly also started recording further blues musicians, including Bo Weavil Jackson, Lucille Bogan, Charley Patton, Son House, and Skip James, who were recommended to him by talent agents in the southern States such as H. C. Speir. Laibly reportedly had little regard for the qualities of the music he was recording. He accepted recommendations from agents without auditioning the musicians, and his approach to recording was described as \"whimsical\"; when recording Son House in Grafton, Wisconsin, in 1930, for instance, Laibly would listen to a single verse of each song before deciding whether or not to record it. Laibly was dismissed by Paramount in 1931, partly as a result of the decline in record sales with the development of radio. He later worked as a salesman of other products, and as an insurance agent. He died in 1971.", "Matchbox (song) \"Matchbox\" is a song written and recorded by Carl Perkins and released in 1957. Blind Lemon Jefferson wrote and recorded a song entitled \"Match Box Blues\" in 1927, which is musically different but which contains some lyric phrases in common. \"Matchbox\" was recorded as a rockabilly song by Carl Perkins in December 1956 and by fellow Sun Records performer, Jerry Lee Lewis - who played piano on the original track - in 1958. The Carl Perkins tune shares some lyrics with 1920s blues songs by Ma Rainey and Blind Lemon Jefferson but the music is totally different. Sam Phillips and Sun Records released the Carl Perkins version as the B-side to \"Your True Love\". Although only the A-side became a record chart hit in 1957, \"Matchbox\" is one of Perkins' best-known recordings and variety of musicians have recorded the tune. Ma Rainey recorded \"Lost Wandering Blues\" in Chicago in March 1924. Paramount Records issued it on the standard ten-inch 78 rpm single (no. 12098) Her lyrics include the matchbox as a suitcase reference:  Three years later, Blind Lemon Jefferson used it for the title of his recording as \"Match Box Blues\" on March 14, 1927, for Okeh Records in Atlanta, Georgia. Blues author Paul Oliver stated that both Rainey and Jefferson \"may have absorbed [the line] from traditional usage.\" Jefferson recorded the song twice more in April 1927 for Paramount Records. Although they contain some differences, they include  Subsequently, the song was recorded by several blues and country swing musicians, such as Lead Belly, Big Bill Broonzy, the Shelton Brothers, and Roy Newman and His Boys. After recording \"Your True Love\" at Sun Records studio, Carl Perkins's father Buck suggested that he write a song based on snatches of lyrics that he remembered.", "\" The song's first verse of the song is extracted from Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Broke & Hungry\" and there is a possibility that the remaining verses in the song might have been extracted from older Delta folk songs. In 1964, 77 Records released Sleepy John Estes' album \"Broke & Hungry, Ragged & Dirty too\". The song \"Ragged & Dirty\" appears in the album. Sleepy John Estes' version is a little different than Willie Brown's version and Blind Lemon's version. However, the song might have been recorded back in September 1929 in Memphis, Tennessee with the Three J's Jug Band. This version was recorded in March 3, 1964, in Chicago, Illinois. Sleepy John Estes on vocals and guitar. Yank Rachell on mandolin, Hammie Nixon on harmonica Mike Bloomfield on guitar The first verse of the line is the same as of Blind Lemon Jefferson's \"Broke & Hungry\". The next three verses is similar to what Willie Brown had played in 1942 and the next two verses are different than previous versions of this song. Bob Dylan recorded \"Ragged & Dirty\" in 1993 for his album \"World Gone Wrong\". Bob Dylan's version was mostly influenced by Willie Brown's version. Although the two versions of the song had differences in lyrics. Dylan covered the song in acoustic guitar playing in the same style like that of Willie Brown. But, Dylan's version differed in lyrics except for the 1st verse.", "That Black Snake Moan  \" That Black Snake Moan\" is a song written and recorded by American country blues musician Blind Lemon Jefferson. Inspired by singer Victoria Spivey's \"Black Snake Blues\", the song was released on Paramount Records in 1926, and has since become recognized as a signature composition which exemplifies Jefferson's unconventional melodic style and utilization of double entendres. The song was re-recorded a year later as \"Black Snake Moan\" for Okeh Records, and both versions have remained accessible through the availability of several compilation albums. During the 1920s, Paramount Records customers were in-demand for genuine country blues recordings. Blind Lemon Jefferson had been performing across Texas and the Mississippi Delta since 1912 and garnered a considerable following. Jefferson was signed to Paramount in 1925 as a result of one of two proposed scenarios: pianist Sammy Price recommended him to the label or Paramount music director Arthur C. Laibly discovered Jefferson performing on Dallas streets. Regardless, a talent scout recorded demos with Jefferson and the singer traveled to Chicago to record his first official sides: a pair of gospel tunes under the pseudonym Deacon L. J. Bates. Sales were strong, prompting further sessions with Jefferson in 1926. In his third session for Paramount, Jefferson recorded \"That Black Snake Moan\", along with \"Black Horse Blues\", \"Corina Blues\", and \"Jack O' Diamond Blues\". Riddled with sexual nuances, lyrically \"That Black Snake Moan\" was explicit with its intentions, with lines such as \"Mmm, black snake crawlin' in my room / And some pretty mama had better come and get this black snake soon\". Record producer J. Mayo Williams recalled Jefferson was \"just as cool and collected as any artist I've ever seen\" as they carried out the session.", "\" Eighinger observed that Forrester \"eventually earned as much respect for his decision to play five black players as he did for leading the Hawks to their first national tournament appearance.\" A second article by Eighinger in the \"Quincy Herald-Whig\" on 3 October 2012, reflected on the death of Ed Crenshaw, the Quincy basketball team's captain and leading scorer in the 1950s: \"'Easy Ed' was one of the nicest men I ever met, and if you are a longtime Quincy University basketball fan that name probably rings a bell. And if you have never heard of Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon, well ... you should have. \" Those five men, and their coach, the late Harry Forrester, made history in the mid-1950s with the Hawks basketball program. The problem, at the time, was no one realized it. \"A decade later, it was a big deal when Texas Western, which is now known as UTEP, started five black players in the NCAA Tournament championship game against Kentucky. A few years ago, they even made a movie about their coach, Don Haskins, and those players. Harry Forrester and the players from Quincy never received that kind of (positive) attention. \"The 1950s and 1960s were a much different time in America when it came to racism and sports, especially at the amateur level. This was a time when the Mississippi State basketball team declined an invitation to take part in the NCAA Tournament because it might have to play against an opponent with black players. At that time, many black players preferred to attend 'historically black colleges' rather than be subjected to the treatment those from Quincy received. Easy Ed, Dick Thompson, Edsel Bester, Ben Bumbry and Bill Lemon were subjected to racial taunts and threats when they played on the road."], "answer": {"text": "Jefferson began playing the guitar in his early teens", "answer_start": 957}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was in Bill Lemon Jefferson's biography?", "answer": {"text": "Jefferson was born blind (or possibly partially blind), near Coutchman, Texas.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he start performing?", "answer": {"text": "In the early 1910s,", "answer_start": 1529, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#0", "question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "rewrite": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rory Jack Thompson Jack Newman (10 May 1942 \u2013 18 September 1999), better known by his birth name Rory Jack Thompson, was an Australian CSIRO scientist and convicted murderer. In September 1983, he was charged for murdering his wife, Maureen Thompson, in their Hobart, Tasmania home and after dismembering her body, he dumped the remains down a toilet. He was not sentenced to serve in prison on the grounds of insanity, but instead, was detained in a hospital attached to the Risdon Prison Complex for an unspecified period of time. Thompson wrote an autobiography in 1993 providing stories of his early life and the subsequent murder. On 18 September 1999, several months after he attempted an escape, Thompson was found dead in his hospital cell after he hanged himself using a shoelace. His suicide, along with that of five other Risdon Prison inmates, prompted an inquest on the prison's procedures. Rory Jack Thompson was born in Seattle, Washington, and was the oldest of Richard Cuthbert and Alice Mary (n\u00e9e Saunders) Thompson's three sons. Richard was a conscripted soldier before working as a fisherman, while Alice was a dental assistant. When Thompson was in the 10th grade, Richard and Alice divorced, which led to Alice's eventual alcoholism. Alice granted full custody of the children to Richard shortly after the divorce and he became their sole provider and parent. Thompson spent his childhood attending various camps and was active in a folk-dancing community in his area. It was through this community that he met his first wife Luella, who was several years his senior. He was a student at San Diego State College at the time of his marriage. After graduating with a degree in mathematics, Thompson applied to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a post-graduate degree in oceanography. During this period Luella and Thompson divorced. Luella retained full custody of their daughter Nuala.", "Earlier, Thompson himself had promised to donate $10,000 if a video game was created in which the player kills video game developers (\"A Modest Video Game Proposal\"), but after a mod to the game \"Grand Theft Auto\" was pointed out to already exist, Thompson called his challenge satire (referring to the title of the letter as a reference to \"A Modest Proposal\") and refused to donate the money. He claimed these games were not going to be manufactured, distributed, or sold like retail games, as his Modest Proposal stated, and therefore, the deal went unfulfilled. His refusal was met with disdain, given that multiple games were created or in the process of being created under Thompson's criteria. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money in his place, with a check containing the memo: \"For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't\". Thompson proceeded to phone Krahulik, as related by Holkins in the corresponding news post. On October 18, 2005 it was reported that Jack Thompson had faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske claiming that \"Penny Arcade\" \"employs certain personnel who have decided to commence and orchestrate criminal harassment of me by various means\". Holkins defended the site by saying that the \"harassment\" Thompson referred to was simply \"the natural result of a public figure making statements that people disagree with, and letting him know their thoughts on the matter via his publicly available contact information\". On October 21, 2005 Thompson claimed to have sent a letter to John McKay, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Washington, in an attempt to get the FBI involved. Thompson re-iterated his claims of \"extortion\" and accused \"Penny Arcade\" of using \"their Internet site and various other means to encourage and solicit criminal harassment\".", "Jack Thompson (boxer) Cecil Lewis \"Jack\" Thompson (August 17, 1904 \u2013 April 11, 1946) was an American boxer who twice held the World Welterweight Championship. Born Cecil Thompson, his name was changed when he decided to become a professional fighter. His father, who was training him, did not think \"Cecil\" was a fighter's name, so he chose \"Jack.\" To avoid confusion with another fighter named \"Jack Thompson,\" his father decided to use the ring name Young Jack Thompson. Thompson became a professional fighter in 1922. He reeled off a series of wins, but also had a draw and a loss to future welterweight champion Young Corbett III. In 1928 he fought the welterweight champion, Joe Dundee, in a bout over the welterweight limit so that Dundee's title was not at stake. He knocked Dundee out in the second round. In 1929 he received a shot at the vacant National Boxing Association title stripped from Dundee. However, Jackie Fields beat him in a ten-round decision for the belt. In 1930 Thompson lost to Jimmy McLarnin but, in his next fight, won the welterweight title by beating his old rival Jackie Fields. After four non-title bouts (including a loss to Young Corbett III), Thompson put his title on the line against Tommy Freeman in September 1930 and lost it by a fifteen-round decision. Freeman gave Thompson a rematch in April 1931 and Thompson regained the title by a twelfth round technical knockout. Thompson again fought a series of non-title bouts. In one of them he lost to Lou Brouillard. That loss prompted a match at the welterweight limit with Thompson's title at stake. Brouillard once again beat Thompson, ending his second reign as champion. He continued fighting until he announced his retirement on June 2, 1932. He died on April 11, 1946, of a heart attack in Los Angeles.", "Thompson argued that the game industry would never make such a game, in which the targets are virtual representations of themselves, for fear of turning players into their own killers. Jack Thompson later claimed that the game didn't come close to his Proposal, although other than the fact that former Take-Two Interactive CEO Paul Eibeler hasn't officially picked a charity, he hasn't gone into detail as to what parts of his proposal are yet to be satisfied. He also announced that \"the attorneys for these idiots will be contacted.\" On October 17, 2005, Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of \"Penny Arcade\" donated the promised $10,000 to charity on Jack Thompson's behalf. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money, under Thompson's name, to the Entertainment Software Association Foundation, the charitable arm of the Entertainment Software Association. Thompson e-mailed both \"Penny Arcade\" and Joystiq, who ran a story about the donation, demanding that the articles be taken down \"or else. \" The check was presented to the ESA Foundation at an ESAF fundraising dinner in San Francisco; in its memo line was written: \"For Jack Thompson Because Jack Thompson Won't\". In retaliation, Jack Thompson faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske, requesting assistance in halting the activities of Krahulik and Holkins. In his letter, he described how personnel within \"Penny Arcade\" were harassing him: the sale of an \"\"I Hate Jack Thompson\"\" shirt and frequent postings on their website where they allegedly admitted to harassment. According to GameSpot, as of 9:55AM PDT October 18, 2005, the Seattle Police Department had not received Thompson's fax, which at that point had been sent to GameSpot, \"Penny Arcade\", and other sites.", "Jack Thompson (politician) John Thompson DL (27 August 1928 \u2013 21 July 2011), known as Jack Thompson, was a British Labour Party politician - the Member of Parliament for Wansbeck from 1983 to 1997. Thompson had a lasting achievement to thwart a plan for a nuclear power station on the long and sandy Druridge Bay, east of Widdrington in the county, one of the leading beaches of Northumberland. Jack Thompson was the son of a clerk. After leaving Bothal School he worked at a local coal mine, completing his education at Ashington Mining College. He became an electrical engineer, and shift charge engineer at Ellington Colliery. Thompson was an undemonstrative leftwinger, described by one of the Conservative candidates he defeated as an \"absolute gentleman\" and became a party whip for seven years. He joined the Labour Party in 1960, and from 1965 was secretary/agent in his constituency. He was elected to Newbiggin council in 1970, and Wansbeck Council which incorporated it in 1974; the same year he became a county councillor. In 1978 he was elected leader of Northumberland County Council Labour group, and when the party took control in 1981 he became council leader, implementing many changes and increasing its effectiveness. Thompson saw the Druridge Bay project as a threat to the environment as well as to the coal industry, and was alarmed that a pressurised water reactor \u2014 which he considered unsafe \u2014 was under consideration by the Central Electricity Generating Board. He therefore persuaded the council to campaign against PWRs as such. It was 1987 before he secured a promise from Lord Marshall, chairman of the CEGB, that there would not be a PWR at Druridge Bay; even then he was unconvinced."], "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#1", "question": "who was Devin Moore?", "rewrite": "Who was Devin Moore from Alabama?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["One of Moore's attorneys, Jack Thompson, claimed it was \"Grand Theft Auto\"s graphic nature\u2014with his constant playing time\u2014that caused Moore to commit the murders, and Moore's family agrees. Damages were being sought from branches of GameStop and Wal-Mart in Jasper, Alabama, the stores from which \"Grand Theft Auto III\" and \"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City\", respectively, were purchased and also from the games' publisher Take-Two Interactive, and the PlayStation 2 manufacturer Sony Computer Entertainment. On 29 March 2006 the case was dismissed and permission to appeal was denied. In May 2005, Jack Thompson appeared via satellite on the \"Glenn Beck\" program on CNN's Headline News. Thompson mentioned Devin Moore and said regarding \"Grand Theft Auto III\" and \"\" \"There's no doubt in my mind [...] that but for Devin Moore's training on this cop killing simulator, he would not have been able to kill three cops in Fayette, Alabama who are now dead and in the ground. We are suing Take-Two, Sony, Wal-Mart, and GameStop for having trained Devin Moore to kill. He had no history of violence. No criminal record.\" In September 2006, Thompson brought another lawsuit, claiming that Cody Posey played the game obsessively before murdering his father Delbert Paul Posey, stepmother Tryone Schmid, and stepsister Marilea Schmid on a ranch in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The suit was filed on behalf of the victims' families. The suit alleged that were it not for his obsessive playing of \"Grand Theft Auto: Vice City\", the murders would not have taken place. Named in the suit were Cody Posey, Rockstar Games, Take-Two Interactive, and Sony. The suit asked for US$600 million in damages.", "Devin Moore Devin Moore (born Devin Darnell Thompson on May 15, 1985 in Fayette, Alabama) is a murderer from Alabama who sparked a large controversy over the video game \"\" when he committed three acts of first-degree murder in the Fayette, Alabama police station in 2003. Moore killed two policemen (Arnold Strickland and James Crump) and a dispatcher (Leslie Mealer) after being booked on suspicion of stealing a car. He then fled in a patrol car. Moore was apprehended later in Mississippi. According to the Associated Press, after his recapture he said, \"Life is a video game. Everybody's got to die sometime. \" Once in custody, Moore quickly confessed. He told detectives that he shot the men because he didn't want to go to jail. The controversy involving his relation to \"Grand Theft Auto\" was revealed during an episode of \"60 Minutes\" on March 4, 2005. In the episode, a student demonstrated \"Grand Theft Auto\" to them, showing them the adult nature of the game. Moore, who recently graduated from high school, was never in trouble before. He enlisted in the Air Force and was due to leave for service at the end of the summer. Moore faced trial in 2005 and pleaded not guilty. The trial judge barred the defense from introducing evidence to the jury that \"Grand Theft Auto\" incited Moore's shooting spree. Moore's attorney, Jim Standridge, contended that Moore was suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder at the time of the crimes. Standridge argued that, as a child, Moore had been emotionally and physically abused by his father. In August 2005, Moore was convicted as charged. On October 9, 2005, he was sentenced to death by lethal injection. Jim Standridge appealed the case.", "Strickland v. Sony  Strickland v. Sony was a court case whose central focus was on whether violent video games played a role in Devin Moore's first-degree murder/shooting of three people in a police station. In August 2005, former attorney Jack Thompson filed the lawsuit against Sony. Devin Moore was convicted in 2005 for the 2003 shooting of two police officers and a dispatcher as he was being detained for allegedly stealing a car. He grabbed one officer's .45 caliber pistol and killed all three before fleeing the station in a police cruiser he stole from the station. He was eventually caught and sentenced to death by lethal injection. In March 2005, Thompson announced he was filing a lawsuit on behalf of the families of two of the three victims in Fayette, Alabama. He was also featured in a \"60 Minutes\" special on the case. On August 12, 2007, the third victim's family later joined the lawsuit. On November 1, 2005, Thompson sent an email to various websites commenting on the opening day of the civil trial. In it, he compared Sony and Take-Two Interactive's sale of the \"Grand Theft Auto\" video game to Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II. According to Thompson, certain regional governments in Japan had prevented the sale of the \"Grand Theft Auto\" games to minors, though Sony continued to sell the game where its sale was not restricted in Japan and abroad (Microsoft is doing the same for its own video game console). Thompson also compared the distribution of violent games to the distribution of pornography. On November 4, 2005, Blank Rome submitted a motion to have Thompson removed from the case, stating that Thompson would \"turn the courtroom into a circus.\" On November 7, 2005, Thompson withdrew from the case, stating, \"It was my idea [to leave the case].", "\u201cFrom the 50\u2019s, A Series of Brushes with Greatness,\u201d The New York Times,  March 19, 1989. Yau, John. \u201cA Month of Valentines,\u201d Cover, February 1989. Kuspit, Donald. Review, ARTforum. May 1989, p. 149, ill. Westfall, Stephen. Review, Art in America, July 1989. 1990 Yau, John. Review, ARTforum. Summer 1990, p. 61.  1991 Ronald Bladen: Early and Late, exhibition catalog, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.  Baker, Kenneth. \u201cSeveral Visions of Ronald Bladen.\u201d Datebook, June 9, 1991. Crohn, Jennifer. Review, Arts Magazine, November 1991, p. 89, ill. 1992 Berkson, Bill. \u201cBladen: Against Gravity.\u201d Art in America, January 1992, pp. 80\u201385, ill. 1995 Ronald Bladen: Early and Late, exhibition catalog, Weatherspoon Art Gallery, The  University of North Carolina at Greensboro. (curator: Douglas Dreishpoon)  1996 \u201cReport from San Francisco; Bay Area Bravura.\u201d Art in America, September 1996, pp. 45\u2013 47 , ill. Cotter, Holland. \u201cWarm Minimalism Rooted in Poetry,\u201d The New York Times, November 1,  1996, ill. Knight, Christopher. \u201cAn Enlightening Show of Abstract Expressionism.\u201d The New York Times,  February 2, 1996, ill. 1998 Ronald Bladen: Sculpture, exhibition catalog, Kunsthalle Bielfeld. (curator:Thomas Kellein) Bell, J. Bower. \u201cAbstracted Presence,\u201d Review, February 1, 1998, p. 43. \u201cRonald Bladen erstmals in Europa,\u201d Neue Westfalische, June 16, 1998.", "Devin Moore (American football)  Devin Moore (born November 6, 1985) is an American football running back who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Seattle Seahawks as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Wyoming. Moore has also been a member of the Carolina Panthers and Indianapolis Colts. Moore was most recently a member of the Detroit Lions, but was cut before training camp. In 2004, Moore graduated from Cardinal Ritter High School in Indianapolis, Indiana."], "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#2", "question": "How did the case go?", "rewrite": "How did Jack Thompson's case go?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rory Jack Thompson Jack Newman (10 May 1942 \u2013 18 September 1999), better known by his birth name Rory Jack Thompson, was an Australian CSIRO scientist and convicted murderer. In September 1983, he was charged for murdering his wife, Maureen Thompson, in their Hobart, Tasmania home and after dismembering her body, he dumped the remains down a toilet. He was not sentenced to serve in prison on the grounds of insanity, but instead, was detained in a hospital attached to the Risdon Prison Complex for an unspecified period of time. Thompson wrote an autobiography in 1993 providing stories of his early life and the subsequent murder. On 18 September 1999, several months after he attempted an escape, Thompson was found dead in his hospital cell after he hanged himself using a shoelace. His suicide, along with that of five other Risdon Prison inmates, prompted an inquest on the prison's procedures. Rory Jack Thompson was born in Seattle, Washington, and was the oldest of Richard Cuthbert and Alice Mary (n\u00e9e Saunders) Thompson's three sons. Richard was a conscripted soldier before working as a fisherman, while Alice was a dental assistant. When Thompson was in the 10th grade, Richard and Alice divorced, which led to Alice's eventual alcoholism. Alice granted full custody of the children to Richard shortly after the divorce and he became their sole provider and parent. Thompson spent his childhood attending various camps and was active in a folk-dancing community in his area. It was through this community that he met his first wife Luella, who was several years his senior. He was a student at San Diego State College at the time of his marriage. After graduating with a degree in mathematics, Thompson applied to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a post-graduate degree in oceanography. During this period Luella and Thompson divorced. Luella retained full custody of their daughter Nuala.", "Earlier, Thompson himself had promised to donate $10,000 if a video game was created in which the player kills video game developers (\"A Modest Video Game Proposal\"), but after a mod to the game \"Grand Theft Auto\" was pointed out to already exist, Thompson called his challenge satire (referring to the title of the letter as a reference to \"A Modest Proposal\") and refused to donate the money. He claimed these games were not going to be manufactured, distributed, or sold like retail games, as his Modest Proposal stated, and therefore, the deal went unfulfilled. His refusal was met with disdain, given that multiple games were created or in the process of being created under Thompson's criteria. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money in his place, with a check containing the memo: \"For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't\". Thompson proceeded to phone Krahulik, as related by Holkins in the corresponding news post. On October 18, 2005 it was reported that Jack Thompson had faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske claiming that \"Penny Arcade\" \"employs certain personnel who have decided to commence and orchestrate criminal harassment of me by various means\". Holkins defended the site by saying that the \"harassment\" Thompson referred to was simply \"the natural result of a public figure making statements that people disagree with, and letting him know their thoughts on the matter via his publicly available contact information\". On October 21, 2005 Thompson claimed to have sent a letter to John McKay, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Washington, in an attempt to get the FBI involved. Thompson re-iterated his claims of \"extortion\" and accused \"Penny Arcade\" of using \"their Internet site and various other means to encourage and solicit criminal harassment\".", "Thompson argued that the game industry would never make such a game, in which the targets are virtual representations of themselves, for fear of turning players into their own killers. Jack Thompson later claimed that the game didn't come close to his Proposal, although other than the fact that former Take-Two Interactive CEO Paul Eibeler hasn't officially picked a charity, he hasn't gone into detail as to what parts of his proposal are yet to be satisfied. He also announced that \"the attorneys for these idiots will be contacted.\" On October 17, 2005, Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of \"Penny Arcade\" donated the promised $10,000 to charity on Jack Thompson's behalf. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money, under Thompson's name, to the Entertainment Software Association Foundation, the charitable arm of the Entertainment Software Association. Thompson e-mailed both \"Penny Arcade\" and Joystiq, who ran a story about the donation, demanding that the articles be taken down \"or else. \" The check was presented to the ESA Foundation at an ESAF fundraising dinner in San Francisco; in its memo line was written: \"For Jack Thompson Because Jack Thompson Won't\". In retaliation, Jack Thompson faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske, requesting assistance in halting the activities of Krahulik and Holkins. In his letter, he described how personnel within \"Penny Arcade\" were harassing him: the sale of an \"\"I Hate Jack Thompson\"\" shirt and frequent postings on their website where they allegedly admitted to harassment. According to GameSpot, as of 9:55AM PDT October 18, 2005, the Seattle Police Department had not received Thompson's fax, which at that point had been sent to GameSpot, \"Penny Arcade\", and other sites.", "Jack Thompson (politician) John Thompson DL (27 August 1928 \u2013 21 July 2011), known as Jack Thompson, was a British Labour Party politician - the Member of Parliament for Wansbeck from 1983 to 1997. Thompson had a lasting achievement to thwart a plan for a nuclear power station on the long and sandy Druridge Bay, east of Widdrington in the county, one of the leading beaches of Northumberland. Jack Thompson was the son of a clerk. After leaving Bothal School he worked at a local coal mine, completing his education at Ashington Mining College. He became an electrical engineer, and shift charge engineer at Ellington Colliery. Thompson was an undemonstrative leftwinger, described by one of the Conservative candidates he defeated as an \"absolute gentleman\" and became a party whip for seven years. He joined the Labour Party in 1960, and from 1965 was secretary/agent in his constituency. He was elected to Newbiggin council in 1970, and Wansbeck Council which incorporated it in 1974; the same year he became a county councillor. In 1978 he was elected leader of Northumberland County Council Labour group, and when the party took control in 1981 he became council leader, implementing many changes and increasing its effectiveness. Thompson saw the Druridge Bay project as a threat to the environment as well as to the coal industry, and was alarmed that a pressurised water reactor \u2014 which he considered unsafe \u2014 was under consideration by the Central Electricity Generating Board. He therefore persuaded the council to campaign against PWRs as such. It was 1987 before he secured a promise from Lord Marshall, chairman of the CEGB, that there would not be a PWR at Druridge Bay; even then he was unconvinced.", "Jack Thompson (boxer) Cecil Lewis \"Jack\" Thompson (August 17, 1904 \u2013 April 11, 1946) was an American boxer who twice held the World Welterweight Championship. Born Cecil Thompson, his name was changed when he decided to become a professional fighter. His father, who was training him, did not think \"Cecil\" was a fighter's name, so he chose \"Jack.\" To avoid confusion with another fighter named \"Jack Thompson,\" his father decided to use the ring name Young Jack Thompson. Thompson became a professional fighter in 1922. He reeled off a series of wins, but also had a draw and a loss to future welterweight champion Young Corbett III. In 1928 he fought the welterweight champion, Joe Dundee, in a bout over the welterweight limit so that Dundee's title was not at stake. He knocked Dundee out in the second round. In 1929 he received a shot at the vacant National Boxing Association title stripped from Dundee. However, Jackie Fields beat him in a ten-round decision for the belt. In 1930 Thompson lost to Jimmy McLarnin but, in his next fight, won the welterweight title by beating his old rival Jackie Fields. After four non-title bouts (including a loss to Young Corbett III), Thompson put his title on the line against Tommy Freeman in September 1930 and lost it by a fifteen-round decision. Freeman gave Thompson a rematch in April 1931 and Thompson regained the title by a twelfth round technical knockout. Thompson again fought a series of non-title bouts. In one of them he lost to Lou Brouillard. That loss prompted a match at the welterweight limit with Thompson's title at stake. Brouillard once again beat Thompson, ending his second reign as champion. He continued fighting until he announced his retirement on June 2, 1932. He died on April 11, 1946, of a heart attack in Los Angeles."], "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#3", "question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "rewrite": "Did Jack Thompson get into trouble because of the dispute?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Earlier, Thompson himself had promised to donate $10,000 if a video game was created in which the player kills video game developers (\"A Modest Video Game Proposal\"), but after a mod to the game \"Grand Theft Auto\" was pointed out to already exist, Thompson called his challenge satire (referring to the title of the letter as a reference to \"A Modest Proposal\") and refused to donate the money. He claimed these games were not going to be manufactured, distributed, or sold like retail games, as his Modest Proposal stated, and therefore, the deal went unfulfilled. His refusal was met with disdain, given that multiple games were created or in the process of being created under Thompson's criteria. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money in his place, with a check containing the memo: \"For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't\". Thompson proceeded to phone Krahulik, as related by Holkins in the corresponding news post. On October 18, 2005 it was reported that Jack Thompson had faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske claiming that \"Penny Arcade\" \"employs certain personnel who have decided to commence and orchestrate criminal harassment of me by various means\". Holkins defended the site by saying that the \"harassment\" Thompson referred to was simply \"the natural result of a public figure making statements that people disagree with, and letting him know their thoughts on the matter via his publicly available contact information\". On October 21, 2005 Thompson claimed to have sent a letter to John McKay, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Washington, in an attempt to get the FBI involved. Thompson re-iterated his claims of \"extortion\" and accused \"Penny Arcade\" of using \"their Internet site and various other means to encourage and solicit criminal harassment\".", "Thompson argued that the game industry would never make such a game, in which the targets are virtual representations of themselves, for fear of turning players into their own killers. Jack Thompson later claimed that the game didn't come close to his Proposal, although other than the fact that former Take-Two Interactive CEO Paul Eibeler hasn't officially picked a charity, he hasn't gone into detail as to what parts of his proposal are yet to be satisfied. He also announced that \"the attorneys for these idiots will be contacted.\" On October 17, 2005, Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of \"Penny Arcade\" donated the promised $10,000 to charity on Jack Thompson's behalf. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money, under Thompson's name, to the Entertainment Software Association Foundation, the charitable arm of the Entertainment Software Association. Thompson e-mailed both \"Penny Arcade\" and Joystiq, who ran a story about the donation, demanding that the articles be taken down \"or else. \" The check was presented to the ESA Foundation at an ESAF fundraising dinner in San Francisco; in its memo line was written: \"For Jack Thompson Because Jack Thompson Won't\". In retaliation, Jack Thompson faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske, requesting assistance in halting the activities of Krahulik and Holkins. In his letter, he described how personnel within \"Penny Arcade\" were harassing him: the sale of an \"\"I Hate Jack Thompson\"\" shirt and frequent postings on their website where they allegedly admitted to harassment. According to GameSpot, as of 9:55AM PDT October 18, 2005, the Seattle Police Department had not received Thompson's fax, which at that point had been sent to GameSpot, \"Penny Arcade\", and other sites.", "Jack Thompson (boxer) Cecil Lewis \"Jack\" Thompson (August 17, 1904 \u2013 April 11, 1946) was an American boxer who twice held the World Welterweight Championship. Born Cecil Thompson, his name was changed when he decided to become a professional fighter. His father, who was training him, did not think \"Cecil\" was a fighter's name, so he chose \"Jack.\" To avoid confusion with another fighter named \"Jack Thompson,\" his father decided to use the ring name Young Jack Thompson. Thompson became a professional fighter in 1922. He reeled off a series of wins, but also had a draw and a loss to future welterweight champion Young Corbett III. In 1928 he fought the welterweight champion, Joe Dundee, in a bout over the welterweight limit so that Dundee's title was not at stake. He knocked Dundee out in the second round. In 1929 he received a shot at the vacant National Boxing Association title stripped from Dundee. However, Jackie Fields beat him in a ten-round decision for the belt. In 1930 Thompson lost to Jimmy McLarnin but, in his next fight, won the welterweight title by beating his old rival Jackie Fields. After four non-title bouts (including a loss to Young Corbett III), Thompson put his title on the line against Tommy Freeman in September 1930 and lost it by a fifteen-round decision. Freeman gave Thompson a rematch in April 1931 and Thompson regained the title by a twelfth round technical knockout. Thompson again fought a series of non-title bouts. In one of them he lost to Lou Brouillard. That loss prompted a match at the welterweight limit with Thompson's title at stake. Brouillard once again beat Thompson, ending his second reign as champion. He continued fighting until he announced his retirement on June 2, 1932. He died on April 11, 1946, of a heart attack in Los Angeles.", "Rory Jack Thompson Jack Newman (10 May 1942 \u2013 18 September 1999), better known by his birth name Rory Jack Thompson, was an Australian CSIRO scientist and convicted murderer. In September 1983, he was charged for murdering his wife, Maureen Thompson, in their Hobart, Tasmania home and after dismembering her body, he dumped the remains down a toilet. He was not sentenced to serve in prison on the grounds of insanity, but instead, was detained in a hospital attached to the Risdon Prison Complex for an unspecified period of time. Thompson wrote an autobiography in 1993 providing stories of his early life and the subsequent murder. On 18 September 1999, several months after he attempted an escape, Thompson was found dead in his hospital cell after he hanged himself using a shoelace. His suicide, along with that of five other Risdon Prison inmates, prompted an inquest on the prison's procedures. Rory Jack Thompson was born in Seattle, Washington, and was the oldest of Richard Cuthbert and Alice Mary (n\u00e9e Saunders) Thompson's three sons. Richard was a conscripted soldier before working as a fisherman, while Alice was a dental assistant. When Thompson was in the 10th grade, Richard and Alice divorced, which led to Alice's eventual alcoholism. Alice granted full custody of the children to Richard shortly after the divorce and he became their sole provider and parent. Thompson spent his childhood attending various camps and was active in a folk-dancing community in his area. It was through this community that he met his first wife Luella, who was several years his senior. He was a student at San Diego State College at the time of his marriage. After graduating with a degree in mathematics, Thompson applied to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a post-graduate degree in oceanography. During this period Luella and Thompson divorced. Luella retained full custody of their daughter Nuala.", "Jack Thompson (politician) John Thompson DL (27 August 1928 \u2013 21 July 2011), known as Jack Thompson, was a British Labour Party politician - the Member of Parliament for Wansbeck from 1983 to 1997. Thompson had a lasting achievement to thwart a plan for a nuclear power station on the long and sandy Druridge Bay, east of Widdrington in the county, one of the leading beaches of Northumberland. Jack Thompson was the son of a clerk. After leaving Bothal School he worked at a local coal mine, completing his education at Ashington Mining College. He became an electrical engineer, and shift charge engineer at Ellington Colliery. Thompson was an undemonstrative leftwinger, described by one of the Conservative candidates he defeated as an \"absolute gentleman\" and became a party whip for seven years. He joined the Labour Party in 1960, and from 1965 was secretary/agent in his constituency. He was elected to Newbiggin council in 1970, and Wansbeck Council which incorporated it in 1974; the same year he became a county councillor. In 1978 he was elected leader of Northumberland County Council Labour group, and when the party took control in 1981 he became council leader, implementing many changes and increasing its effectiveness. Thompson saw the Druridge Bay project as a threat to the environment as well as to the coal industry, and was alarmed that a pressurised water reactor \u2014 which he considered unsafe \u2014 was under consideration by the Central Electricity Generating Board. He therefore persuaded the council to campaign against PWRs as such. It was 1987 before he secured a promise from Lord Marshall, chairman of the CEGB, that there would not be a PWR at Druridge Bay; even then he was unconvinced."], "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#4", "question": "what was his request that was denied?", "rewrite": "what was Jack Thompson's request that was denied?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Earlier, Thompson himself had promised to donate $10,000 if a video game was created in which the player kills video game developers (\"A Modest Video Game Proposal\"), but after a mod to the game \"Grand Theft Auto\" was pointed out to already exist, Thompson called his challenge satire (referring to the title of the letter as a reference to \"A Modest Proposal\") and refused to donate the money. He claimed these games were not going to be manufactured, distributed, or sold like retail games, as his Modest Proposal stated, and therefore, the deal went unfulfilled. His refusal was met with disdain, given that multiple games were created or in the process of being created under Thompson's criteria. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money in his place, with a check containing the memo: \"For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't\". Thompson proceeded to phone Krahulik, as related by Holkins in the corresponding news post. On October 18, 2005 it was reported that Jack Thompson had faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske claiming that \"Penny Arcade\" \"employs certain personnel who have decided to commence and orchestrate criminal harassment of me by various means\". Holkins defended the site by saying that the \"harassment\" Thompson referred to was simply \"the natural result of a public figure making statements that people disagree with, and letting him know their thoughts on the matter via his publicly available contact information\". On October 21, 2005 Thompson claimed to have sent a letter to John McKay, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Washington, in an attempt to get the FBI involved. Thompson re-iterated his claims of \"extortion\" and accused \"Penny Arcade\" of using \"their Internet site and various other means to encourage and solicit criminal harassment\".", "Thompson argued that the game industry would never make such a game, in which the targets are virtual representations of themselves, for fear of turning players into their own killers. Jack Thompson later claimed that the game didn't come close to his Proposal, although other than the fact that former Take-Two Interactive CEO Paul Eibeler hasn't officially picked a charity, he hasn't gone into detail as to what parts of his proposal are yet to be satisfied. He also announced that \"the attorneys for these idiots will be contacted.\" On October 17, 2005, Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of \"Penny Arcade\" donated the promised $10,000 to charity on Jack Thompson's behalf. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money, under Thompson's name, to the Entertainment Software Association Foundation, the charitable arm of the Entertainment Software Association. Thompson e-mailed both \"Penny Arcade\" and Joystiq, who ran a story about the donation, demanding that the articles be taken down \"or else. \" The check was presented to the ESA Foundation at an ESAF fundraising dinner in San Francisco; in its memo line was written: \"For Jack Thompson Because Jack Thompson Won't\". In retaliation, Jack Thompson faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske, requesting assistance in halting the activities of Krahulik and Holkins. In his letter, he described how personnel within \"Penny Arcade\" were harassing him: the sale of an \"\"I Hate Jack Thompson\"\" shirt and frequent postings on their website where they allegedly admitted to harassment. According to GameSpot, as of 9:55AM PDT October 18, 2005, the Seattle Police Department had not received Thompson's fax, which at that point had been sent to GameSpot, \"Penny Arcade\", and other sites.", "Jack Thompson (boxer) Cecil Lewis \"Jack\" Thompson (August 17, 1904 \u2013 April 11, 1946) was an American boxer who twice held the World Welterweight Championship. Born Cecil Thompson, his name was changed when he decided to become a professional fighter. His father, who was training him, did not think \"Cecil\" was a fighter's name, so he chose \"Jack.\" To avoid confusion with another fighter named \"Jack Thompson,\" his father decided to use the ring name Young Jack Thompson. Thompson became a professional fighter in 1922. He reeled off a series of wins, but also had a draw and a loss to future welterweight champion Young Corbett III. In 1928 he fought the welterweight champion, Joe Dundee, in a bout over the welterweight limit so that Dundee's title was not at stake. He knocked Dundee out in the second round. In 1929 he received a shot at the vacant National Boxing Association title stripped from Dundee. However, Jackie Fields beat him in a ten-round decision for the belt. In 1930 Thompson lost to Jimmy McLarnin but, in his next fight, won the welterweight title by beating his old rival Jackie Fields. After four non-title bouts (including a loss to Young Corbett III), Thompson put his title on the line against Tommy Freeman in September 1930 and lost it by a fifteen-round decision. Freeman gave Thompson a rematch in April 1931 and Thompson regained the title by a twelfth round technical knockout. Thompson again fought a series of non-title bouts. In one of them he lost to Lou Brouillard. That loss prompted a match at the welterweight limit with Thompson's title at stake. Brouillard once again beat Thompson, ending his second reign as champion. He continued fighting until he announced his retirement on June 2, 1932. He died on April 11, 1946, of a heart attack in Los Angeles.", "Rory Jack Thompson Jack Newman (10 May 1942 \u2013 18 September 1999), better known by his birth name Rory Jack Thompson, was an Australian CSIRO scientist and convicted murderer. In September 1983, he was charged for murdering his wife, Maureen Thompson, in their Hobart, Tasmania home and after dismembering her body, he dumped the remains down a toilet. He was not sentenced to serve in prison on the grounds of insanity, but instead, was detained in a hospital attached to the Risdon Prison Complex for an unspecified period of time. Thompson wrote an autobiography in 1993 providing stories of his early life and the subsequent murder. On 18 September 1999, several months after he attempted an escape, Thompson was found dead in his hospital cell after he hanged himself using a shoelace. His suicide, along with that of five other Risdon Prison inmates, prompted an inquest on the prison's procedures. Rory Jack Thompson was born in Seattle, Washington, and was the oldest of Richard Cuthbert and Alice Mary (n\u00e9e Saunders) Thompson's three sons. Richard was a conscripted soldier before working as a fisherman, while Alice was a dental assistant. When Thompson was in the 10th grade, Richard and Alice divorced, which led to Alice's eventual alcoholism. Alice granted full custody of the children to Richard shortly after the divorce and he became their sole provider and parent. Thompson spent his childhood attending various camps and was active in a folk-dancing community in his area. It was through this community that he met his first wife Luella, who was several years his senior. He was a student at San Diego State College at the time of his marriage. After graduating with a degree in mathematics, Thompson applied to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a post-graduate degree in oceanography. During this period Luella and Thompson divorced. Luella retained full custody of their daughter Nuala.", "Jack Thompson (politician) John Thompson DL (27 August 1928 \u2013 21 July 2011), known as Jack Thompson, was a British Labour Party politician - the Member of Parliament for Wansbeck from 1983 to 1997. Thompson had a lasting achievement to thwart a plan for a nuclear power station on the long and sandy Druridge Bay, east of Widdrington in the county, one of the leading beaches of Northumberland. Jack Thompson was the son of a clerk. After leaving Bothal School he worked at a local coal mine, completing his education at Ashington Mining College. He became an electrical engineer, and shift charge engineer at Ellington Colliery. Thompson was an undemonstrative leftwinger, described by one of the Conservative candidates he defeated as an \"absolute gentleman\" and became a party whip for seven years. He joined the Labour Party in 1960, and from 1965 was secretary/agent in his constituency. He was elected to Newbiggin council in 1970, and Wansbeck Council which incorporated it in 1974; the same year he became a county councillor. In 1978 he was elected leader of Northumberland County Council Labour group, and when the party took control in 1981 he became council leader, implementing many changes and increasing its effectiveness. Thompson saw the Druridge Bay project as a threat to the environment as well as to the coal industry, and was alarmed that a pressurised water reactor \u2014 which he considered unsafe \u2014 was under consideration by the Central Electricity Generating Board. He therefore persuaded the council to campaign against PWRs as such. It was 1987 before he secured a promise from Lord Marshall, chairman of the CEGB, that there would not be a PWR at Druridge Bay; even then he was unconvinced."], "answer": {"text": "Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge,", "answer_start": 607}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#5", "question": "what did the judge have to say about his request?", "rewrite": "What did the judge have to say about Jack Thompson request for withdrawal?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack Thompson (politician) John Thompson DL (27 August 1928 \u2013 21 July 2011), known as Jack Thompson, was a British Labour Party politician - the Member of Parliament for Wansbeck from 1983 to 1997. Thompson had a lasting achievement to thwart a plan for a nuclear power station on the long and sandy Druridge Bay, east of Widdrington in the county, one of the leading beaches of Northumberland. Jack Thompson was the son of a clerk. After leaving Bothal School he worked at a local coal mine, completing his education at Ashington Mining College. He became an electrical engineer, and shift charge engineer at Ellington Colliery. Thompson was an undemonstrative leftwinger, described by one of the Conservative candidates he defeated as an \"absolute gentleman\" and became a party whip for seven years. He joined the Labour Party in 1960, and from 1965 was secretary/agent in his constituency. He was elected to Newbiggin council in 1970, and Wansbeck Council which incorporated it in 1974; the same year he became a county councillor. In 1978 he was elected leader of Northumberland County Council Labour group, and when the party took control in 1981 he became council leader, implementing many changes and increasing its effectiveness. Thompson saw the Druridge Bay project as a threat to the environment as well as to the coal industry, and was alarmed that a pressurised water reactor \u2014 which he considered unsafe \u2014 was under consideration by the Central Electricity Generating Board. He therefore persuaded the council to campaign against PWRs as such. It was 1987 before he secured a promise from Lord Marshall, chairman of the CEGB, that there would not be a PWR at Druridge Bay; even then he was unconvinced.", "Rory Jack Thompson Jack Newman (10 May 1942 \u2013 18 September 1999), better known by his birth name Rory Jack Thompson, was an Australian CSIRO scientist and convicted murderer. In September 1983, he was charged for murdering his wife, Maureen Thompson, in their Hobart, Tasmania home and after dismembering her body, he dumped the remains down a toilet. He was not sentenced to serve in prison on the grounds of insanity, but instead, was detained in a hospital attached to the Risdon Prison Complex for an unspecified period of time. Thompson wrote an autobiography in 1993 providing stories of his early life and the subsequent murder. On 18 September 1999, several months after he attempted an escape, Thompson was found dead in his hospital cell after he hanged himself using a shoelace. His suicide, along with that of five other Risdon Prison inmates, prompted an inquest on the prison's procedures. Rory Jack Thompson was born in Seattle, Washington, and was the oldest of Richard Cuthbert and Alice Mary (n\u00e9e Saunders) Thompson's three sons. Richard was a conscripted soldier before working as a fisherman, while Alice was a dental assistant. When Thompson was in the 10th grade, Richard and Alice divorced, which led to Alice's eventual alcoholism. Alice granted full custody of the children to Richard shortly after the divorce and he became their sole provider and parent. Thompson spent his childhood attending various camps and was active in a folk-dancing community in his area. It was through this community that he met his first wife Luella, who was several years his senior. He was a student at San Diego State College at the time of his marriage. After graduating with a degree in mathematics, Thompson applied to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a post-graduate degree in oceanography. During this period Luella and Thompson divorced. Luella retained full custody of their daughter Nuala.", "Earlier, Thompson himself had promised to donate $10,000 if a video game was created in which the player kills video game developers (\"A Modest Video Game Proposal\"), but after a mod to the game \"Grand Theft Auto\" was pointed out to already exist, Thompson called his challenge satire (referring to the title of the letter as a reference to \"A Modest Proposal\") and refused to donate the money. He claimed these games were not going to be manufactured, distributed, or sold like retail games, as his Modest Proposal stated, and therefore, the deal went unfulfilled. His refusal was met with disdain, given that multiple games were created or in the process of being created under Thompson's criteria. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money in his place, with a check containing the memo: \"For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't\". Thompson proceeded to phone Krahulik, as related by Holkins in the corresponding news post. On October 18, 2005 it was reported that Jack Thompson had faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske claiming that \"Penny Arcade\" \"employs certain personnel who have decided to commence and orchestrate criminal harassment of me by various means\". Holkins defended the site by saying that the \"harassment\" Thompson referred to was simply \"the natural result of a public figure making statements that people disagree with, and letting him know their thoughts on the matter via his publicly available contact information\". On October 21, 2005 Thompson claimed to have sent a letter to John McKay, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Washington, in an attempt to get the FBI involved. Thompson re-iterated his claims of \"extortion\" and accused \"Penny Arcade\" of using \"their Internet site and various other means to encourage and solicit criminal harassment\".", "Thompson argued that the game industry would never make such a game, in which the targets are virtual representations of themselves, for fear of turning players into their own killers. Jack Thompson later claimed that the game didn't come close to his Proposal, although other than the fact that former Take-Two Interactive CEO Paul Eibeler hasn't officially picked a charity, he hasn't gone into detail as to what parts of his proposal are yet to be satisfied. He also announced that \"the attorneys for these idiots will be contacted.\" On October 17, 2005, Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of \"Penny Arcade\" donated the promised $10,000 to charity on Jack Thompson's behalf. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money, under Thompson's name, to the Entertainment Software Association Foundation, the charitable arm of the Entertainment Software Association. Thompson e-mailed both \"Penny Arcade\" and Joystiq, who ran a story about the donation, demanding that the articles be taken down \"or else. \" The check was presented to the ESA Foundation at an ESAF fundraising dinner in San Francisco; in its memo line was written: \"For Jack Thompson Because Jack Thompson Won't\". In retaliation, Jack Thompson faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske, requesting assistance in halting the activities of Krahulik and Holkins. In his letter, he described how personnel within \"Penny Arcade\" were harassing him: the sale of an \"\"I Hate Jack Thompson\"\" shirt and frequent postings on their website where they allegedly admitted to harassment. According to GameSpot, as of 9:55AM PDT October 18, 2005, the Seattle Police Department had not received Thompson's fax, which at that point had been sent to GameSpot, \"Penny Arcade\", and other sites.", "Jack Thompson (boxer) Cecil Lewis \"Jack\" Thompson (August 17, 1904 \u2013 April 11, 1946) was an American boxer who twice held the World Welterweight Championship. Born Cecil Thompson, his name was changed when he decided to become a professional fighter. His father, who was training him, did not think \"Cecil\" was a fighter's name, so he chose \"Jack.\" To avoid confusion with another fighter named \"Jack Thompson,\" his father decided to use the ring name Young Jack Thompson. Thompson became a professional fighter in 1922. He reeled off a series of wins, but also had a draw and a loss to future welterweight champion Young Corbett III. In 1928 he fought the welterweight champion, Joe Dundee, in a bout over the welterweight limit so that Dundee's title was not at stake. He knocked Dundee out in the second round. In 1929 he received a shot at the vacant National Boxing Association title stripped from Dundee. However, Jackie Fields beat him in a ten-round decision for the belt. In 1930 Thompson lost to Jimmy McLarnin but, in his next fight, won the welterweight title by beating his old rival Jackie Fields. After four non-title bouts (including a loss to Young Corbett III), Thompson put his title on the line against Tommy Freeman in September 1930 and lost it by a fifteen-round decision. Freeman gave Thompson a rematch in April 1931 and Thompson regained the title by a twelfth round technical knockout. Thompson again fought a series of non-title bouts. In one of them he lost to Lou Brouillard. That loss prompted a match at the welterweight limit with Thompson's title at stake. Brouillard once again beat Thompson, ending his second reign as champion. He continued fighting until he announced his retirement on June 2, 1932. He died on April 11, 1946, of a heart attack in Los Angeles."], "answer": {"text": "The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial.", "answer_start": 519}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his request that was denied?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge,", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#6", "question": "How did Thompon feel about this?", "rewrite": "How did Thompson feel about the judge's denial of his request of withdrawal from the case?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carl Schult\u00e9n Carl Schult\u00e9n (1677, V\u00e4stmanland \u2013 1730, Lund) was a Swedish orientalist who was a professor and later the rector of the Academia Gustavo-Carolina (modern-day University of Tartu) in 1709, and the rector for Lund University in 1721. He previously was the first ever professor of eastern languages at the university and later became the third ever professor of theology there. He was the son of Pastor Samuel Schultenius and Margareta Schultin, and his aunt was Haqvin Spegel's wife. His brother, Samuel Schulteen, was a professor in Turku. One of his daughters was married to Carl Tiliander.", "Thompson alluded that the \"fixer\" was local lawyer Clatus Junkin, although Junkin denied he had any influence over any judges, or that he had made such a comment, as he was \"not that dumb [...] or foolish enough to imply that [he] could [influence Judge Moore].\" He also declined Thompson's request to join the plaintiffs' team, citing disagreements over Thompson's demands of complete control of any contact with the news media. Judge Moore noted that even though he had banned comments on the case outside the courtroom, Thompson had issued 7 different communications between the start of the case and the day he revoked Thompson's \"Pro Hac Vice\". After being thrown off the case, Thompson requested that Judge Moore recuse himself from the case. Moore ignored him, stating \"I can\u2019t consider it because he\u2019s no longer practicing in the state of Alabama. If some other lawyer in the case asks me to recuse myself , I\u2019ll consider it in court.\" On December 13, 2005, Thompson announced that he will be \"assisting plaintiffs\u2019 counsel during the discovery process and in the courtroom at trial\" when the civil trial begins in 2006 (the judge ruled on both Thompson's dismissal from the case, and dismissal of the case itself, during pretrial hearings). He also claimed he \"will likely be a witness in the case. \" Although he gave no details as to what he would be a witness to, except that he claimed he had \"warned, in writing,\" Take-Two and Rockstar Games \"that murders such as those in Alabama would occur by teens who had rehearsed the murders on their virtual reality killing simulators.", "Utopian and Scientific\" was an extract from a larger polemic work written in 1876, \"Herrn Eugen D\u00fchring's Umw\u00e4lzung der Wissenschaft\" (Herr Eugen D\u00fchring's Revolution in Science), commonly known as \"Anti-D\u00fchring. \" Three chapters were selected and arranged by Engels and translated into French by Paul Lafargue. The resulting pamphlet was ultimately published in Paris in 1880 as \"Socialisme utopique et Socialisme scientifique\" (Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism). This French translation provided the source of multiple other language versions, including Polish and Spanish editions. The pamphlet was finally published in the original German in 1883. The German edition provided the source for additional translations in Italian, Russian, Danish, Dutch, and Romanian. The tardy release of an English edition in 1892 by Swan Sonnenschein & Co. thus marked the 10th language into which the book had been translated. \"I am not aware that any other Socialist work, not even our \"Communist Manifesto\" of 1848 or Marx's \"Capital,\" has been so often translated,\" Engels proudly noted at the time of the English edition's 1892 release. The first American edition of the work was published by the Socialist Labor Party of America (SLP) in 1895 as part of its \"People's Library,\" featuring a new translation by Daniel DeLeon. A new title was employed by DeLeon, \"Development of Socialism from Utopia to Science. \" The SLP edition was first reissued in February 1900 and reissued again at various subsequent dates. The first American edition of the authorized translation by Edward Aveling was published in 1900 by Charles H. Kerr & Co. According to Kerr his firm sold \"not less than 30,000\" copies of the book between its first release and a new reissue in June 1908.", "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore, a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player. The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state. The opposing attorneys sought removal of the privilege by arguing that Thompson's conduct was unethical and claiming that he had threatened and harassed them in letters and emails. The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial. Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar. For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost. He also complained about the judge's ethics, saying a local attorney who claimed to have influence on the judge had assured him the case would be dismissed unless the attorney was on Thompson's team, and also claimed that Rockstar Entertainment and Take Two Interactive posted slanderous comments about him on their website. In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied Alabama attorney general Troy King to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell \"cop-killing games\". After the slaying of another police officer in Gassville, Arkansas by Jacob D. Robida, an 18-year-old fugitive, Thompson again raised the possibility of a connection to Grand Theft Auto, but investigators found no evidence that video games were involved.", "Elappunkal  Elappunkal is a village close to Erattupetta in the Kottayam district of Kerala state in India. It is situated between the Erattupetta - Thodupuzha state highway route. The Meenachil river flows by one side of the village. Elappunkal's primary exports are rubber and most of its inhabitants are farmers. The main religions are Hindu and Islam. Elappunkal consists of the 5th and 6th wards of Thappulam Panchayath, and falls under the Pala assembly constituency and the Kottayam Parliament constituency. Elappunkal was earlier known as Ilappunkal and Kottakuzi., Kottkuzi which means 'the place around a Fort' (Kotta meaning Fort in Malayam).1100 AD, the Kingdom of Vempolinad had split into the kingdoms of Thekkumkur and Vadakkumkur. That time kotta separated Vadakkumkur Kingdom and Thekkumkur kingdom. Others opinion A rode called kott vazhi stated Elappunkal and running along places Bharananganam ,Lalam(pala) ,Kidangoor , Ettumanoor. This rode was divided kingdom of Vadakkumkur and Thekkumkur. Another argument having understood the importance, Raja Kesavadasan built a long fort from Kumarakom to Elappunkal hills."], "answer": {"text": "For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.", "answer_start": 766}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his request that was denied?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge,", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did the judge have to say about his request?", "answer": {"text": "The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#7", "question": "what did he do about the judge?", "rewrite": "What did Thompson do about the judge's denial of his request of withdrawal from the case?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thompson alluded that the \"fixer\" was local lawyer Clatus Junkin, although Junkin denied he had any influence over any judges, or that he had made such a comment, as he was \"not that dumb [...] or foolish enough to imply that [he] could [influence Judge Moore].\" He also declined Thompson's request to join the plaintiffs' team, citing disagreements over Thompson's demands of complete control of any contact with the news media. Judge Moore noted that even though he had banned comments on the case outside the courtroom, Thompson had issued 7 different communications between the start of the case and the day he revoked Thompson's \"Pro Hac Vice\". After being thrown off the case, Thompson requested that Judge Moore recuse himself from the case. Moore ignored him, stating \"I can\u2019t consider it because he\u2019s no longer practicing in the state of Alabama. If some other lawyer in the case asks me to recuse myself , I\u2019ll consider it in court.\" On December 13, 2005, Thompson announced that he will be \"assisting plaintiffs\u2019 counsel during the discovery process and in the courtroom at trial\" when the civil trial begins in 2006 (the judge ruled on both Thompson's dismissal from the case, and dismissal of the case itself, during pretrial hearings). He also claimed he \"will likely be a witness in the case. \" Although he gave no details as to what he would be a witness to, except that he claimed he had \"warned, in writing,\" Take-Two and Rockstar Games \"that murders such as those in Alabama would occur by teens who had rehearsed the murders on their virtual reality killing simulators.", "This form of denial involves avoiding personal responsibility by:  Someone using denial of responsibility is usually attempting to avoid potential harm or pain by shifting attention away from themselves. Denial of impact involves a person's avoiding thinking about or understanding the harms of his or her behavior has caused to self or others, i.e. denial of consequences. Doing this enables that person to avoid feeling a sense of guilt and it can prevent him or her from developing remorse or empathy for others. Denial of impact reduces or eliminates a sense of pain or harm from poor decisions. Many who use this type of denial will say things such as, \"it just happened\". Denial of cycle is where a person avoids looking at their decisions leading up to an event or does not consider their pattern of decision making and how harmful behavior is repeated. The pain and harm being avoided by this type of denial is more of the effort needed to change the focus from a singular event to looking at preceding events. It can also serve as a way to blame or justify behavior (see above). This form of denial attempts to divert pain by claiming that the level of awareness was inhibited by some mitigating variable. This is most typically seen in addiction situations where drug or alcohol abuse is a factor, though it also occasionally manifests itself in relation to mental health issues or the pharmaceutical substances used to treat mental health issues. This form of denial may also overlap with denial of responsibility. This can be a difficult concept for many people to identify with in themselves, but is a major barrier to changing hurtful behaviors. Denial of denial involves thoughts, actions and behaviors which bolster confidence that nothing needs to be changed in one's personal behavior. This form of denial typically overlaps with all of the other forms of denial, but involves more self-delusion. Denial at this level can have significant consequences both personally and at a societal level.", "Non-denial denial A non-denial denial is a statement that, at first hearing, seems to be a direct, clearcut and unambiguous denial of some alleged accusation, but after being parsed carefully turns out to not be a denial at all, and is thus not explicitly untruthful if the allegation is in fact correct. It is a case in which words that are literally true are used to convey a false impression; analysis of whether or when such behavior constitutes lying is a long-standing issue in ethics. London's newspaper \"The Sunday Times\" has defined it as \"an on-the-record statement, usually made by a politician, repudiating a journalist's story, but in such a way as to leave open the possibility that it is actually true\". \"The Washington Post\" editor Ben Bradlee \"is credited with coining the phrase \"non-denial denial\" to characterize the evasive Oval Office answers to questions\", according to a 1991 retrospective on Bradlee's career in \"The Times\". The phrase was popularized during the Watergate scandal by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein in their 1974 book \"All the President's Men\", in reference to evasive statements and equivocal denials by then-Attorney General John N. Mitchell. William Goldman's screenplay for the 1976 film adaptation put the phrase into the mouth of Ben Bradlee and used it to dramatic purpose. The Bradlee character looks at some White House releases and comments \"All non-denial denials. We're dirty, guys, and they doubt we were ever virgins, but they don't say the story is inaccurate. \" Later, Bradlee worries about the accuracy of a story and asks the reporters \"That didn't sound to me like a non-denial denial. Could you have been wrong?\"", "In August 2005, Moore was convicted as charged. On October 9, 2005, he was sentenced to death by lethal injection. Jim Standridge appealed the case. On February 17, 2012, the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals upheld Moore's conviction in a 5-0 decision. The case will automatically be appealed to the Alabama Supreme Court, and can then be appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States. On November 18, 2005, Judge Moore rejected Thompson's request to withdraw, and instead revoked his \"Pro Hac Vice\" admission (a temporary license to practice in a given jurisdiction), in an 18-page decision. Thompson responded with a letter to Alabama's Judicial Inquiry Commission, questioning Judge Moore's ethics and accusing him of violating the first 3 Alabama Canons of Judicial Ethics Thompson also claimed the judge had \"absolutely no authority\" in preventing him from withdrawing from the case, and so therefore the court's decision to kick him off the case was a \"legal nullity\". He accused the court of punishing him for \"aggressively telling the truth\" while it \"looked the other way when Blank Rome elegantly told those lies.\" Judge Moore has also referred this matter to the Alabama State Bar for \"appropriate action\" remarking among other things: \"Mr. Thompson's actions before this Court suggest that he is unable to conduct himself in a manner befitting practice in this state.\" On November 21, 2005, Thompson claimed that \"We had heard going into this civil case, before it was even filed, that a particular Western Alabama lawyer had to be part of our litigation team or Judge Moore would not give us a fair hearing. This lawyer himself claims, openly, that 'Judge Moore will not allow you to survive summary judgment if I am not on the case.' For too long we have heard swirling around this Judge allegations of improper influence.\" (sic)", "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore, a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player. The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state. The opposing attorneys sought removal of the privilege by arguing that Thompson's conduct was unethical and claiming that he had threatened and harassed them in letters and emails. The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial. Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar. For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost. He also complained about the judge's ethics, saying a local attorney who claimed to have influence on the judge had assured him the case would be dismissed unless the attorney was on Thompson's team, and also claimed that Rockstar Entertainment and Take Two Interactive posted slanderous comments about him on their website. In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied Alabama attorney general Troy King to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell \"cop-killing games\". After the slaying of another police officer in Gassville, Arkansas by Jacob D. Robida, an 18-year-old fugitive, Thompson again raised the possibility of a connection to Grand Theft Auto, but investigators found no evidence that video games were involved."], "answer": {"text": "He also complained about the judge's ethics,", "answer_start": 878}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his request that was denied?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge,", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did the judge have to say about his request?", "answer": {"text": "The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Thompon feel about this?", "answer": {"text": "For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#8", "question": "did he win the alabama case?", "rewrite": "Did Jack Thompson win the Alabama case?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Earlier, Thompson himself had promised to donate $10,000 if a video game was created in which the player kills video game developers (\"A Modest Video Game Proposal\"), but after a mod to the game \"Grand Theft Auto\" was pointed out to already exist, Thompson called his challenge satire (referring to the title of the letter as a reference to \"A Modest Proposal\") and refused to donate the money. He claimed these games were not going to be manufactured, distributed, or sold like retail games, as his Modest Proposal stated, and therefore, the deal went unfulfilled. His refusal was met with disdain, given that multiple games were created or in the process of being created under Thompson's criteria. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money in his place, with a check containing the memo: \"For Jack Thompson, Because Jack Thompson Won't\". Thompson proceeded to phone Krahulik, as related by Holkins in the corresponding news post. On October 18, 2005 it was reported that Jack Thompson had faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske claiming that \"Penny Arcade\" \"employs certain personnel who have decided to commence and orchestrate criminal harassment of me by various means\". Holkins defended the site by saying that the \"harassment\" Thompson referred to was simply \"the natural result of a public figure making statements that people disagree with, and letting him know their thoughts on the matter via his publicly available contact information\". On October 21, 2005 Thompson claimed to have sent a letter to John McKay, U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Washington, in an attempt to get the FBI involved. Thompson re-iterated his claims of \"extortion\" and accused \"Penny Arcade\" of using \"their Internet site and various other means to encourage and solicit criminal harassment\".", "Rory Jack Thompson Jack Newman (10 May 1942 \u2013 18 September 1999), better known by his birth name Rory Jack Thompson, was an Australian CSIRO scientist and convicted murderer. In September 1983, he was charged for murdering his wife, Maureen Thompson, in their Hobart, Tasmania home and after dismembering her body, he dumped the remains down a toilet. He was not sentenced to serve in prison on the grounds of insanity, but instead, was detained in a hospital attached to the Risdon Prison Complex for an unspecified period of time. Thompson wrote an autobiography in 1993 providing stories of his early life and the subsequent murder. On 18 September 1999, several months after he attempted an escape, Thompson was found dead in his hospital cell after he hanged himself using a shoelace. His suicide, along with that of five other Risdon Prison inmates, prompted an inquest on the prison's procedures. Rory Jack Thompson was born in Seattle, Washington, and was the oldest of Richard Cuthbert and Alice Mary (n\u00e9e Saunders) Thompson's three sons. Richard was a conscripted soldier before working as a fisherman, while Alice was a dental assistant. When Thompson was in the 10th grade, Richard and Alice divorced, which led to Alice's eventual alcoholism. Alice granted full custody of the children to Richard shortly after the divorce and he became their sole provider and parent. Thompson spent his childhood attending various camps and was active in a folk-dancing community in his area. It was through this community that he met his first wife Luella, who was several years his senior. He was a student at San Diego State College at the time of his marriage. After graduating with a degree in mathematics, Thompson applied to Massachusetts Institute of Technology for a post-graduate degree in oceanography. During this period Luella and Thompson divorced. Luella retained full custody of their daughter Nuala.", "Thompson argued that the game industry would never make such a game, in which the targets are virtual representations of themselves, for fear of turning players into their own killers. Jack Thompson later claimed that the game didn't come close to his Proposal, although other than the fact that former Take-Two Interactive CEO Paul Eibeler hasn't officially picked a charity, he hasn't gone into detail as to what parts of his proposal are yet to be satisfied. He also announced that \"the attorneys for these idiots will be contacted.\" On October 17, 2005, Mike Krahulik and Jerry Holkins of \"Penny Arcade\" donated the promised $10,000 to charity on Jack Thompson's behalf. Krahulik and Holkins donated the money, under Thompson's name, to the Entertainment Software Association Foundation, the charitable arm of the Entertainment Software Association. Thompson e-mailed both \"Penny Arcade\" and Joystiq, who ran a story about the donation, demanding that the articles be taken down \"or else. \" The check was presented to the ESA Foundation at an ESAF fundraising dinner in San Francisco; in its memo line was written: \"For Jack Thompson Because Jack Thompson Won't\". In retaliation, Jack Thompson faxed a letter to Seattle Police Chief Gil Kerlikowske, requesting assistance in halting the activities of Krahulik and Holkins. In his letter, he described how personnel within \"Penny Arcade\" were harassing him: the sale of an \"\"I Hate Jack Thompson\"\" shirt and frequent postings on their website where they allegedly admitted to harassment. According to GameSpot, as of 9:55AM PDT October 18, 2005, the Seattle Police Department had not received Thompson's fax, which at that point had been sent to GameSpot, \"Penny Arcade\", and other sites.", "Jack Thompson (politician) John Thompson DL (27 August 1928 \u2013 21 July 2011), known as Jack Thompson, was a British Labour Party politician - the Member of Parliament for Wansbeck from 1983 to 1997. Thompson had a lasting achievement to thwart a plan for a nuclear power station on the long and sandy Druridge Bay, east of Widdrington in the county, one of the leading beaches of Northumberland. Jack Thompson was the son of a clerk. After leaving Bothal School he worked at a local coal mine, completing his education at Ashington Mining College. He became an electrical engineer, and shift charge engineer at Ellington Colliery. Thompson was an undemonstrative leftwinger, described by one of the Conservative candidates he defeated as an \"absolute gentleman\" and became a party whip for seven years. He joined the Labour Party in 1960, and from 1965 was secretary/agent in his constituency. He was elected to Newbiggin council in 1970, and Wansbeck Council which incorporated it in 1974; the same year he became a county councillor. In 1978 he was elected leader of Northumberland County Council Labour group, and when the party took control in 1981 he became council leader, implementing many changes and increasing its effectiveness. Thompson saw the Druridge Bay project as a threat to the environment as well as to the coal industry, and was alarmed that a pressurised water reactor \u2014 which he considered unsafe \u2014 was under consideration by the Central Electricity Generating Board. He therefore persuaded the council to campaign against PWRs as such. It was 1987 before he secured a promise from Lord Marshall, chairman of the CEGB, that there would not be a PWR at Druridge Bay; even then he was unconvinced.", "Jack Thompson (boxer) Cecil Lewis \"Jack\" Thompson (August 17, 1904 \u2013 April 11, 1946) was an American boxer who twice held the World Welterweight Championship. Born Cecil Thompson, his name was changed when he decided to become a professional fighter. His father, who was training him, did not think \"Cecil\" was a fighter's name, so he chose \"Jack.\" To avoid confusion with another fighter named \"Jack Thompson,\" his father decided to use the ring name Young Jack Thompson. Thompson became a professional fighter in 1922. He reeled off a series of wins, but also had a draw and a loss to future welterweight champion Young Corbett III. In 1928 he fought the welterweight champion, Joe Dundee, in a bout over the welterweight limit so that Dundee's title was not at stake. He knocked Dundee out in the second round. In 1929 he received a shot at the vacant National Boxing Association title stripped from Dundee. However, Jackie Fields beat him in a ten-round decision for the belt. In 1930 Thompson lost to Jimmy McLarnin but, in his next fight, won the welterweight title by beating his old rival Jackie Fields. After four non-title bouts (including a loss to Young Corbett III), Thompson put his title on the line against Tommy Freeman in September 1930 and lost it by a fifteen-round decision. Freeman gave Thompson a rematch in April 1931 and Thompson regained the title by a twelfth round technical knockout. Thompson again fought a series of non-title bouts. In one of them he lost to Lou Brouillard. That loss prompted a match at the welterweight limit with Thompson's title at stake. Brouillard once again beat Thompson, ending his second reign as champion. He continued fighting until he announced his retirement on June 2, 1932. He died on April 11, 1946, of a heart attack in Los Angeles."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his request that was denied?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge,", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did the judge have to say about his request?", "answer": {"text": "The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Thompon feel about this?", "answer": {"text": "For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do about the judge?", "answer": {"text": "He also complained about the judge's ethics,", "answer_start": 878, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#9", "question": "what else can you tell me about the case that was interesting?", "rewrite": "BesidesJack Thompson request for withdrawal what else can you tell me about the case that was interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jan Khani Jan Khani (, also Romanized as J\u0101n Kh\u0101n\u012b; also known as Jah\u0101n Kh\u0101n\u012b, Qey\u0101m, and Q\u012b\u0101m) is a village in Olya Tayeb Rural District, in the Central District of Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 862, in 164 families.", "In 1875, the Reid brothers and Hugh King purchased the \"Jane Eliza\" from captains Davies and Dorward, and also had an interest in steamers \"Gem\", \"Jupiter\", \"Menindie\" and \"Shannon\". Thousands of tonnes of wool were shipped and the Reid brothers made a fortune. Tolarno was in the 1880s badly infested with rabbits, and was used as a test bed for Dr. Butcher's experiments with \"Tintinallogy disease\", which proved to be a false hope. In 1887 he put \"Rostrevor\" on the market; it was purchased by Melbourne businessman J. S. Reid (no relation). A prolonged drought hit the country in the 1890s, with a considerable loss of stock. Several banks failed and a country-wide recession hit Australia, with consequent loss of sales and low prices. He retired to Glenelg, South Australia, where in his home, \"St Leonards\", he died aged 82, and was buried in the family vault, Magill. On 12 February 1868 Ross Thompson Reid ( \u2013 10 January 1915) married Lucy Reynell (c. 1842 \u2013 c. 20 January 1921), eldest daughter of John Reynell (1809 \u2013 15 June 1873) and Mary Reynell, n\u00e9e Lucas (c. 1805 \u2013 18 November 1867). John arrived aboard \"Surrey\" in October 1838; Mary arrived aboard \"Orleana\" early in January 1839; they married on 31 January 1839. She was in England when husband died. Died in Adelaide but accorded a minimal death notice and no obituary. His remains were interred it the family vault at Magill.", "Brown Stone  Brown Stone (abbreviated BS , Chinese: \u8910\u77f3\u5712, pinyin: H\u00e8sh\u00ed Yu\u00e1n) is an affluent neighborhood in Haidian District, Beijing,   China, surrounded by the famous Tsinghua University and the Old Summer Palace. Originally developed by the Beijing Taiyue Real Estate Development Company (\u5317\u4eac\u6cf0\u8dc3\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5f00\u53d1\u6709\u9650\u8d23\u4efb\u516c\u53f8) in 2005, it now run by its affiliated estate keeping company. The neighborhood was developed in two stages, with the first stage finished in 2008, while the second stage was not completed until 2010. The precise population of Brown Stone is unknown, as there is no census conducted specifically to the neighborhood. But the population density is known to be significantly lower than the Beijing high average, as there are only 25 4-5 story townhouses in the huge 101900 m close neighborhood. Among the residents are famous professors and scholars from nearby reputed Tsinghua University and Peking University, business executives, artists, architects, and designers.", "The process converted 70% of the atomic hydrogen in soy-oil triglycerides to molecular H, and 60% of atomic carbon to carbon monoxide on a Rh-based catalyst with Cerium supported on alpha-alumina. Under different operating conditions, the process can produce a significant amount of ethylene and propylene. The first demonstration of reactive flash volatilization occurred by a series of experimental steps:  An initial supply of heat is necessary to achieve temperatures of 300 \u00b0C, after which the reaction initiates, or \"lights off,\" and quickly rises to temperatures of 700\u2013800 \u00b0C. Under steady conditions, the reaction generates sufficient heat to maintain the high temperature, extremely fast chemistry. The total time for conversion of heavy, nonvolatile compounds to volatile or gaseous species occurs in milliseconds (or thousandths of a second). Reactive flash volatilization of solid particles composed of cellulose, starch, lignin, Quaking Aspen (\"Populus tremuloides\") wood chips, and polyethylene was demonstrated in 2007 in the scientific journal \"Angewandte Chemie\". Particles of cellulose were completely converted to syngas (H and CO) and combustion products (HO and CO) in as little as 30 milliseconds. Catalytic reforming of all materials occurred without the requirement of an external heat source while operating at 500\u2013900 \u00b0C. Under optimal conditions, 50% of all atomic hydrogen and 50% of all atomic carbon can be converted to molecular H and carbon monoxide in as little time as 30 milliseconds. Reaction chemistry was demonstrated on both a Rh-Ce/alumina catalyst and a Ni-Ce/alumina catalyst.", "S. R. Heseltine Samuel Richard Heseltine (1849 \u2013 19 December 1920) was a riverboat captain, businessman, and a longtime secretary of the Adelaide Racing Club. Emily Rose Haussen ( \u2013 1887) arrived with her parents Otto Carl Haussen and his wife Maria Haussen aboard \"John\", arriving February 1840. George Augustus Frederick Heseltine ( \u2013 1904) arrived from London aboard \"Taglioni\" in June 1844. They married 7 May 1846. Heseltine was born in Adelaide, and educated at J. L. Young's Adelaide Educational Institution. He moved to Milang where he became involved in the River Murray steamboat trade. He was owner of \"Menindie\" and \"Shannon\" in partnership with W. L. Reid, and captained \"Prince Alfred\" in 1875; \"Menindie\" in 1875, 1876, and 1879; and \"Shannon\" 1880\u20131882 and 1886. His brothers John and Gus worked on the same boats. Gus (Augustus Frederick Heseltine) fell from \"Menindie\" and was drowned near Overland Corner on 26 April 1879. Later he entered the wine and spirit business of Reid, Jay & Co, later becoming Reid & Heseltine. In 1889 the Licensed Victuallers Racing Club, which at that time raced at Victoria Park, became the Adelaide Racing Club and in February 1891 Heseltine was appointed to the committee. In 1893 he retired from business to become secretary of the club, a position he held from July 1893 until his death. He took his responsibilities very seriously, and was closely associated for 16 years with the club chairman W. B. Carr. The prime motivation for these two leaders was always for the welfare of the club, and were largely responsible for its high reputation with the public."], "answer": {"text": "In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied Alabama attorney general Troy King to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell \"cop-killing games\".", "answer_start": 1203}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his request that was denied?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge,", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did the judge have to say about his request?", "answer": {"text": "The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Thompon feel about this?", "answer": {"text": "For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do about the judge?", "answer": {"text": "He also complained about the judge's ethics,", "answer_start": 878, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the alabama case?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fa68bc9fe464c3a93402b7f33a99db0_0_q#10", "question": "did that work out?", "rewrite": "Did Thompson's lobby with the Alabama attorney general Troy King work out?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["2018 Alabama elections A general election was held in the U.S. state of Alabama on November 6, 2018. All Alabama executive officers were up for election along with all of Alabama's seven seats in the United States House of Representatives. Primary elections took place on June 5, 2018, for both major parties. Incumbent Republican Governor Kay Ivey, who assumed the office upon the resignation of Robert J. Bentley, is running for election to a full term against Tuscaloosa Mayor Walt Maddox and Alabama Independent Write- In Chad Chig Martin. The office of Lieutenant Governor was vacant prior to the election. State House Representative Will Ainsworth, State Senator Rusty Glover, and Public Service Commission President Twinkle Cavanaugh are running for the Republican nomination. Dr. Will Boyd from Florence ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Former Alabama Attorney General Troy King is seeking the Republican nomination. Incumbent Republican Attorney General Steve Marshall, who was appointed by Governor Bentley in February 2017 after appointing Attorney General Luther Strange to the U.S. Senate, is running for a first full term. Former chief deputy attorney general Alice Martin ran for the Republican nomination. Attorney Joseph Siegelman, son of former governor Don Siegelman, is the nominee of the Democratic Party. Chris Christie ran for attorney general on the Democratic ballot. Christie has been a trial lawyer at Bradley Arant Boult Cummings for 30 years. Incumbent Republican Secretary of State John Merrill ran for re-election to a second term. Governing magazine projected the race as \"safe Republican\". Incumbent Republican State Auditor Jim Zeigler is running for re-election to a second term. Incumbent Republican State Treasurer Young Boozer is term-limited and cannot run for re-election to a third consecutive term. No Democratic candidates filed to run in the primary. Incumbent Republican Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries John McMillan is term-limited and cannot run for re-election to a third consecutive term.", "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore, a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player. The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state. The opposing attorneys sought removal of the privilege by arguing that Thompson's conduct was unethical and claiming that he had threatened and harassed them in letters and emails. The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial. Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar. For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost. He also complained about the judge's ethics, saying a local attorney who claimed to have influence on the judge had assured him the case would be dismissed unless the attorney was on Thompson's team, and also claimed that Rockstar Entertainment and Take Two Interactive posted slanderous comments about him on their website. In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied Alabama attorney general Troy King to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell \"cop-killing games\". After the slaying of another police officer in Gassville, Arkansas by Jacob D. Robida, an 18-year-old fugitive, Thompson again raised the possibility of a connection to Grand Theft Auto, but investigators found no evidence that video games were involved.", "Bishop State Community College in Mobile was the target of investigators who found both financial and academic issues at the school in 2006 and 2007. Byrne ordered an audit of the school, which demonstrated many deficiencies. At the time, about 2 dozen people were charged with criminal fraud and theft charges. A total of 27 were charged before the probe ended in May 2007. Byrne also worked with Alabama Attorney General Troy King to recover monies stolen from the community college system. He resigned as Chancellor on August 31, 2009. During the campaign, he was accused by his opponents in the Republican primary of supporting evolution and of doubting that the Bible was infallible. Byrne responded, \"as a Christian and as a public servant, I have never wavered in my belief that this world and everything in it is a masterpiece created by the hands of God ... As a member of the Alabama Board of Education, the record clearly shows that I fought to ensure the teaching of creationism in our school text books. Those who attack me have distorted, twisted and misrepresented my comments and are spewing utter lies to the people of this state.\" He also added that he believed \"every single word\" of the Bible was true. Following the runoff, Byrne went back to practicing business law, joining the Jones Walker law firm on August 16, 2010. On February 23, 2011, Byrne announced he was partnering with other prominent Alabamians to create a nonprofit organization that would push for reforms in state government. Named \"Reform Alabama\", the organization actively supported legislation in the 2011 Alabama Regular Legislative Session. On May 25, 2011, the \"Mobile Press-Register\" reported that Byrne was considering running for chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court in 2012. \"I\u2019ve been encouraged to look at it, and I\u2019m doing that. But I\u2019ve made no decision, and", "Marshall was appointed Attorney General of Alabama by Governor Robert J. Bentley in February 2017, to fill the vacancy caused by Luther Strange's appointment to the United States Senate. He was elected to a full term in 2018, defeating former attorney general Troy King in a July run-off election. In August 2017, after Birmingham Mayor William A. Bell draped a Confederate memorial with plastic and surrounded it with plywood with the rationale \"This country should in no way tolerate the hatred that the KKK, neo-Nazis, fascists and other hate groups spew\", Marshall sued Bell and the city for violating the Alabama Memorial Preservation Act, which prohibits the \"relocation, removal, alteration, or other disturbance of any monument on public property that has been in place for 40 years or more\". In July 2017, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton led a group of Republican Attorneys General from nine other states, including Steve Marshall, plus Idaho Governor Butch Otter, in threatening the Donald Trump administration that they would litigate if the president did not terminate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) policy that had been put into place by president Barack Obama. Tennessee Attorney General Herbert Slatery subsequently reversed his position. In 2018, Marshall's opponent, Troy King, accused him of violating campaign finance laws by accepting money from a banned political action committee. In 2019, Attorneys General from all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and all four U.S. territories were urged by the National Association of Attorneys General to support a bill, the Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act (H.R. 1595), sponsored by U.S. Rep. Ed Perlmutter (D-Colo.), which would permit marijuana-related businesses in states and territories to use the banking system.", "The Alabama Supreme Court ruled against him on September 11, 2009, and the statute's ban is now in effect. State Representative John Rogers of Birmingham has repeatedly introduced legislation to repeal the ban, but each bill has been defeated. However, adult toys continue to be sold as novelty and educational items. Adult clothing is marketed as costumes. San Francisco radio personality Big Joe Lopez held a protest outside the federal courthouse in Huntsville, Alabama, giving away sex toys to passersby. In 2007, Alabama politician Loretta Nall, a former Libertarian Party candidate for governor, launched a well-publicized \"toy drive\" to send sex toys to Alabama Attorney General Troy King, a staunch defender of the law."], "answer": {"text": "but investigators found no evidence that video games were involved.", "answer_start": 1552}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened with Jack Thompson in Alabama?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson was involved in a similar suit in Alabama in 2005 on behalf of the families of police personnel killed by Devin Moore,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was Devin Moore?", "answer": {"text": "a teenager who was reportedly a compulsive Grand Theft Auto player.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the case go?", "answer": {"text": "The lawyer's participation in the case, however, ran into a dispute over his pro hac vice, or temporary, admission to practice in that state.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he get into trouble because of the dispute?", "answer": {"text": "but his request was denied by the judge, who went ahead and revoked Thompson's temporary admission to the state bar.", "answer_start": 649, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his request that was denied?", "answer": {"text": "Thompson tried to withdraw from the case, but his request was denied by the judge,", "answer_start": 607, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did the judge have to say about his request?", "answer": {"text": "The judge added that Thompson had violated his gag order during Moore's criminal trial.", "answer_start": 519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Thompon feel about this?", "answer": {"text": "For his part, Thompson said he thought the judge was trying to protect Moore's criminal conviction at any cost.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do about the judge?", "answer": {"text": "He also complained about the judge's ethics,", "answer_start": 878, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win the alabama case?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else can you tell me about the case that was interesting?", "answer": {"text": "In the aftermath of this lawsuit, Thompson lobbied Alabama attorney general Troy King to file a civil suit and call on retailers not to sell \"cop-killing games\".", "answer_start": 1203, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#0", "question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "rewrite": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["NECC had started to receive complaints in 1999, less than a year after it had been established. Many violations involved filling bulk medication orders without individual prescriptions. In 2004, state health officials charged the pharmacy with failure to comply with accepted standards when mixing methylprednisolone acetate, the same steroid that was the source of the 2012 meningitis outbreak. In 2006, the pharmacy agreed to inspections and improvement measures and an outside investigator was brought in to ensure compliance. On November 12, the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee released a detailed report of NECC's regulatory history. The congressional report shows that in 2003, the FDA considered the company a pharmacy, significant because following the meningitis outbreak, public health officials have charged that NECC was operating more as a manufacturer than a pharmacy. Manufacturers are regulated by the FDA and are subject to stricter quality standards than pharmacies. The report also shows that after investigations in 2003, the FDA officials asked that the compounding pharmacy be \"prohibited from manufacturing\" until it improved its operations, but Massachusetts regulators ultimately reached an agreement with the pharmacy to settle concerns about the quality of its prescription drugs. According to documents summarized by the committee, within less than a year of the pharmacy's opening in 1998, they were cited by the state pharmacy board for providing doctors with blank prescription pads with NECC's information, which are illegal in Massachusetts\u2014the pharmacy's owner and director, Barry Cadden, received an informal reprimand. Cadden continued to receive other complaints involving unprofessional conduct in coming years, and in several instances, Cadden refused to cooperate with investigators and challenged the agency's authority over his business.", "2009\u201310 West African meningitis outbreak The 2009\u20132010 West African meningitis outbreak was an epidemic of bacterial meningitis which occurred in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria since January 2009, an annual risk in the African meningitis belt. A total of 13,516 people have been infected with meningitis, and 931 have died. Nigeria has been the most adversely affected, with over half of the total cases and deaths occurring in the nation. The WHO reported on March 27, 2009 that 1,100 had died and there were 25,000 suspected cases. It is the worst outbreak in the region since 1996, and a third of the world's emergency vaccine stockpile for the bacterial form has been consumed. The GAVI Alliance has been trying to secure more vaccines. West Africa is struck by an annual meningitis epidemic, usually affecting between 25,000 and 200,000 inhabitants. However, the current epidemic has been the deadliest outbreak since 1996. That year meningitis infected over 100,000 people and killed 10,000 during a three-month period. According to doctorswithoutborders.org, Up to 400 vaccination teams of five people each immunized thousands of people every day in the region for a few weeks. In total, 2.8 million people were vaccinated in Zinder, Maradi, and Dosso regions in Niger, and 4.5 million people in Katsina, Jigawa, Bauchi, Kebbi, Sokoto, Niger, Zamfara, Kaduna, and Gombe States in Nigeria. Vaccination campaigns continue at some sites in Nigeria for a total of 255,000 people. The outbreak has affected four departments in Burkina Faso: Bati\u00e9 Department, Manni Department, Solenzo Department, and Toma Department.", "One benefit of meiosis in \"C. neoformans\" could be to promote DNA repair in the DNA-damaging environment caused by the oxidative and nitrosative agents produced in macrophages. Thus, \"C. neoformans\" can undergo a meiotic process, monokaryotic fruiting, that may promote recombinational repair in the oxidative, DNA-damaging environment of the host macrophage, and this may contribute to its virulence. Infection starts in lungs, disseminates via blood to meninges and then to other parts of the body. Capsule inhibits phagocytosis. Can cause a systemic infection, including fatal meningitis known as \"meningoencephalitis\" in normal, diabetic and immunocompromised hosts. The infection from \"C. neoformans\" in the brain can be fatal if untreated. CNS (central nervous system) infection may also be present as a brain abscess known as \"cryptococcomas\", subdural effusion, dementia, isolated cranial nerve lesion, spinal cord lesion, and ischemic stroke. If cryptococcal meningitis occurs, mortality rate is between 10\u201330%. Cryptococcosis that does not affect the central nervous system can be treated with fluconazole alone. Cryptococcal meningitis should be treated for two weeks with intravenous amphotericin B 0.7\u20131.0 mg/kg/day and oral flucytosine 100 mg/kg/day (or intravenous flucytosine 75 mg/kg/day if the patient is unable to swallow).", "Drug Quality and Security Act The Drug Quality and Security Act () is a law that amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs. The bill was written in response to the New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that took place in 2012, which killed 64 people. The bill was signed by President Obama on November 27, 2013. The bill was introduced by Rep. Upton in response to the New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that took place in 2012. 64 people were killed and 750 were infected by fungal meningitis. Rep. Upton's district had 3 deaths and there were 19 total in Michigan. Compounding is the creation of a particular pharmaceutical product to fit the unique need of a patient. To do this, compounding pharmacists combine or process appropriate ingredients using various tools. This may be done for medically necessary reasons, such as to change the form of the medication from a solid tablet to a liquid, to avoid a non-essential ingredient that the patient is allergic to, or to obtain the exact dose(s) needed or deemed best of particular active pharmaceutical ingredient(s). It may also be done for more optional reasons, such as adding flavors to a medication or otherwise altering taste or texture. The law amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs. The bill would also \"make it easier to trace drugs throughout the U.S. supply chain. \" The bill would prohibit reselling drugs that are labeled \"not for resale.\" \"This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.\"", "New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak A New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that began in September 2012 sickened over 800 individuals and resulted in the deaths of initial 76, with a later report of over 100 people killed. In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with state and local health departments and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), began investigating a multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections among patients who had received contaminated steroid injections from the New England Compounding Center (NECC) in Framingham, Massachusetts. The NECC was classified as a compounding pharmacy. Such pharmacies are authorized to combine, mix, or alter ingredients to create specific formulations of drugs to meet the specific needs of individual patients, and only in response to individual prescriptions. In October 2012, an investigation of the NECC revealed the company had been in violation of its state license because it had been functioning as a drug manufacturer, producing drugs for broad use rather than filling individual prescriptions. In December of 2012, federal prosecutors charged 14 former NECC employees, including president Barry Cadden and pharmacist Glenn Chin, with a host of criminal offenses. It alleged that from 2006 to 2012, NECC knowingly sent out drugs that were mislabeled and unsanitary or contaminated. In a congressional hearing the FDA Commissioner was asked why regulators at the FDA and the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy did not take action against the pharmacy years earlier. The legislators were told that the agency was obligated to defer to Massachusetts authorities, who had more direct oversight over pharmacies. The FDA Commissioner also stated, \"In light of growing evidence of threats to the public health, the administration urges Congress to strengthen standards for non-traditional compounding.\""], "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#1", "question": "what were they sickened by?", "rewrite": "what were the people sickened by in the outbreak of 2012?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On October 28, 2007, Jim Riches reported that the City of New York and litigating first responders have shown interest in a legal settlement, to resolve lawsuits against the city. The settlement would yield a financial settlement apportioned in the following manner: forty percent to lawyers, and sixty percent to litigants. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health issued a study on July 17, 2007, indicating that the estimates for monthly costs of treating Ground Zero workers had increased from around $6 million per month to $20 million per month by the end of 2007. The causes of the increased expense lie in the increasing numbers of workers getting sick and the worsening illnesses of workers. This indicated that the planned U.S. House appropriation legislation (of $50 million) for the sick workers, for the coming year, would be inadequate. The number of workers that have registered with area hospitals' Ground Zero programs has reached 37,000. With about 500 new workers registering each month, the institute estimated that the number of registrants could reach 65,000 in two years. (The institute is overseen by the Department of Health and Human Services.) 40 percent of the World Trade Center workers being monitored by a Mount Sinai Hospital study lack health insurance. In June 2008, New York City argued in federal court that 30 percent of the September 11 plaintiffs did not have serious injuries. This is part of a larger debate over the number of people sickened by the collapse of the Twin Towers. On June 11, 2007, Mayor Bloomberg appointed Jeffrey Hon as World Trade Center health coordinator. Hon had previously worked as the spokesman for the American Red Cross September 11 Recovery Program. People have offered conflicting statements, however, regarding Hon's role. In an interview with the \"New York Daily News\" Hon said that his role was to correct inconsistencies in city agencies and to handle related pension issues.", "Ziketan Town Ziketan Town (Tibetan: \u0f62\u0fa9\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f40\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f0b\u0f50\u0f44\u0f0b, \u5b50\u79d1\u6ee9\u9547) is a farming town in Xinghai County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, People's Republic of China. Ziketan town covers approximately and has a population of 10,000. Ziketan is southwest of the Qinghai provincial capital of Xining. Ziketan lies approximately west of Beijing. The outbreak in Ziketan was first detected on Thursday, July 30, 2009. On August 2, the authorities quarantined Ziketan after a dozen people were sickened with pneumonic plague, a lung infection that can kill a human in 24 hours if left untreated. Police checkpoints were set up in a radius around Ziketan, and residents were not allowed to leave. Streets have been largely deserted and most shops shut, and 23 quarantine stations have been set up in the town. The quarantine zone covers an area of centred on the town. The first casualty was a 32-year-old herder who had fallen ill after burying his dog, which had died suddenly after eating a marmot infected with the bacterium \"Yersinia pestis\". The dog's owner caught the disease while burying the dog, according to professor Wang Hu, director of the Qinghai disease control bureau. The herder died four days after the dog's burial, and the relatives who handled his funeral were showing symptoms within days. The 10 people sickened, mostly relatives of the herder, were undergoing isolated treatment in hospital, managed by the local health bureau. There are police guarding the quarantine center at the township hospital. On Sunday, a 37-year-old man identified only as Danzin, a neighbour of the first victim, became the second reported fatality from the outbreak.", "Operation Barrel Roll Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of Laos between 14 December 1964 and 29 March 1973 concurrent with the Vietnam War. The original purpose of the operation was to serve as a signal to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to cease its support for the insurgency then taking place in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). This action was taken within Laos due to the location of North Vietnam's expanding logistical corridor known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Truong Son Road to the North Vietnamese), which ran from southwestern North Vietnam, through southeastern Laos, and into South Vietnam. The campaign then centered on the interdiction of that logistical system. Beginning during the same time frame (and expanding throughout the conflict) the operation became increasingly involved in providing close air support missions for Royal Lao Armed Forces, CIA-backed tribal mercenaries, and Thai Volunteer Defense Corps in a covert ground war in northern and northeastern Laos. \" Barrel Roll\" and the \"Secret Army\" attempted to stem an increasing tide of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Pathet Lao offensives. \"Barrel Roll\" was one of the most closely held secrets and one of the most unknown components of the American military commitment in Southeast Asia. Due to the ostensible neutrality of Laos, guaranteed by the Geneva Conference of 1954 and 1962, both the U.S. and North Vietnam strove to maintain the secrecy of their operations and only slowly escalated military actions there. As much as both parties would have liked to have publicized their enemy's own alleged violation of the accords, both had more to gain by keeping their own roles quiet.", "The FDA advised \"that consumers not eat bagged fresh spinach. \" Three days later, their updated warning said not to eat \"fresh spinach or fresh spinach-containing products.\" On September 17, the United States expanded the warning to avoid all fresh spinach. The Centers for Disease Control issued an official \"Health Alert\", the highest category of alert message, on September 14 and started to investigate the \"E. coli\" outbreak. Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle formally requested federal aid on September 15. His office said the CDC will help assess the causes and the magnitude of the outbreak in his state. On September 17, just three days after the initial warning, the FDA issued an updated warning stating that the public should \"not eat fresh spinach or fresh spinach containing products.\" On September 18, Illinois and Nebraska reported their first cases of \"E. coli\" infection due to spinach, bringing the total number of affected states to 21. Ohio public health officials are investigating a 2-year-old's death that may also be linked. By September 18, the number of people sickened by the \"E. coli\" laced fresh spinach reached 111. On September 19, it was reported that there may be a link to a further death in Ohio and irrigation water is being investigated as a possible source. This is the 9th outbreak traced to the Salinas Valley in California and the 25th leafy green \"E. coli\" outbreak (spinach or lettuce) in the United States since 1993. On September 20, the CDC announced that the genetic fingerprint, a PFGE pattern, of \"E. coli\" O157 isolated from an opened package of \"Dole Baby Spinach, Best if Used by August 30\" packed by Natural Selection in the refrigerator of an ill New Mexico resident matched that of the outbreak strain.", "Culture results at first were negative, which is not unusual, as \"L. pneumophila\" is a \"fastidious\" bacterium, meaning it requires specific nutrients, living conditions or both to grow. The source of the outbreak was traced to the air-conditioning cooling towers on the nursing home's roof. In November 2014, 302 people were hospitalized following an outbreak of Legionella in Portugal and seven related deaths were reported. All cases emerged in three civil parishes from the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira in the northern outskirts of Lisbon, Portugal, and were treated in hospitals of the Greater Lisbon area. The source is suspected to be located in the cooling towers of the fertilizer plant Fertib\u00e9ria. Twelve people were diagnosed with the disease in an outbreak in the Bronx, New York, in December 2014; the source was traced to contaminated cooling towers at a housing development. In July and August 2015, another, unrelated outbreak in the Bronx killed 12 people and made about 120 people sick; the cases arose from a cooling tower on top of a hotel. At the end of September, another person died of the disease and 13 were sickened in yet another unrelated outbreak in the Bronx. The cooling towers from which the people were infected in the latter outbreak had been cleaned during the summer outbreak, raising concerns about how well the bacteria could be controlled. On 28 August 2015, an outbreak of Legionnaire's disease was detected at San Quentin State Prison in Northern California; 81 people were sickened and the cause was sludge that had built up in cooling towers. Between June 2015, and January 2016, 87 cases of Legionnaires' disease were reported by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services for the city of Flint, Michigan, and surrounding areas."], "answer": {"text": "the meningitis outbreak.", "answer_start": 47}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#2", "question": "What was the cause of the outbreak?", "rewrite": "What was the cause of the 2012 Fatal Meningitis Outbreak outbreak?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2009\u201310 West African meningitis outbreak The 2009\u20132010 West African meningitis outbreak was an epidemic of bacterial meningitis which occurred in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria since January 2009, an annual risk in the African meningitis belt. A total of 13,516 people have been infected with meningitis, and 931 have died. Nigeria has been the most adversely affected, with over half of the total cases and deaths occurring in the nation. The WHO reported on March 27, 2009 that 1,100 had died and there were 25,000 suspected cases. It is the worst outbreak in the region since 1996, and a third of the world's emergency vaccine stockpile for the bacterial form has been consumed. The GAVI Alliance has been trying to secure more vaccines. West Africa is struck by an annual meningitis epidemic, usually affecting between 25,000 and 200,000 inhabitants. However, the current epidemic has been the deadliest outbreak since 1996. That year meningitis infected over 100,000 people and killed 10,000 during a three-month period. According to doctorswithoutborders.org, Up to 400 vaccination teams of five people each immunized thousands of people every day in the region for a few weeks. In total, 2.8 million people were vaccinated in Zinder, Maradi, and Dosso regions in Niger, and 4.5 million people in Katsina, Jigawa, Bauchi, Kebbi, Sokoto, Niger, Zamfara, Kaduna, and Gombe States in Nigeria. Vaccination campaigns continue at some sites in Nigeria for a total of 255,000 people. The outbreak has affected four departments in Burkina Faso: Bati\u00e9 Department, Manni Department, Solenzo Department, and Toma Department.", "NECC had started to receive complaints in 1999, less than a year after it had been established. Many violations involved filling bulk medication orders without individual prescriptions. In 2004, state health officials charged the pharmacy with failure to comply with accepted standards when mixing methylprednisolone acetate, the same steroid that was the source of the 2012 meningitis outbreak. In 2006, the pharmacy agreed to inspections and improvement measures and an outside investigator was brought in to ensure compliance. On November 12, the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee released a detailed report of NECC's regulatory history. The congressional report shows that in 2003, the FDA considered the company a pharmacy, significant because following the meningitis outbreak, public health officials have charged that NECC was operating more as a manufacturer than a pharmacy. Manufacturers are regulated by the FDA and are subject to stricter quality standards than pharmacies. The report also shows that after investigations in 2003, the FDA officials asked that the compounding pharmacy be \"prohibited from manufacturing\" until it improved its operations, but Massachusetts regulators ultimately reached an agreement with the pharmacy to settle concerns about the quality of its prescription drugs. According to documents summarized by the committee, within less than a year of the pharmacy's opening in 1998, they were cited by the state pharmacy board for providing doctors with blank prescription pads with NECC's information, which are illegal in Massachusetts\u2014the pharmacy's owner and director, Barry Cadden, received an informal reprimand. Cadden continued to receive other complaints involving unprofessional conduct in coming years, and in several instances, Cadden refused to cooperate with investigators and challenged the agency's authority over his business.", "One benefit of meiosis in \"C. neoformans\" could be to promote DNA repair in the DNA-damaging environment caused by the oxidative and nitrosative agents produced in macrophages. Thus, \"C. neoformans\" can undergo a meiotic process, monokaryotic fruiting, that may promote recombinational repair in the oxidative, DNA-damaging environment of the host macrophage, and this may contribute to its virulence. Infection starts in lungs, disseminates via blood to meninges and then to other parts of the body. Capsule inhibits phagocytosis. Can cause a systemic infection, including fatal meningitis known as \"meningoencephalitis\" in normal, diabetic and immunocompromised hosts. The infection from \"C. neoformans\" in the brain can be fatal if untreated. CNS (central nervous system) infection may also be present as a brain abscess known as \"cryptococcomas\", subdural effusion, dementia, isolated cranial nerve lesion, spinal cord lesion, and ischemic stroke. If cryptococcal meningitis occurs, mortality rate is between 10\u201330%. Cryptococcosis that does not affect the central nervous system can be treated with fluconazole alone. Cryptococcal meningitis should be treated for two weeks with intravenous amphotericin B 0.7\u20131.0 mg/kg/day and oral flucytosine 100 mg/kg/day (or intravenous flucytosine 75 mg/kg/day if the patient is unable to swallow).", "New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak A New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that began in September 2012 sickened over 800 individuals and resulted in the deaths of initial 76, with a later report of over 100 people killed. In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with state and local health departments and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), began investigating a multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections among patients who had received contaminated steroid injections from the New England Compounding Center (NECC) in Framingham, Massachusetts. The NECC was classified as a compounding pharmacy. Such pharmacies are authorized to combine, mix, or alter ingredients to create specific formulations of drugs to meet the specific needs of individual patients, and only in response to individual prescriptions. In October 2012, an investigation of the NECC revealed the company had been in violation of its state license because it had been functioning as a drug manufacturer, producing drugs for broad use rather than filling individual prescriptions. In December of 2012, federal prosecutors charged 14 former NECC employees, including president Barry Cadden and pharmacist Glenn Chin, with a host of criminal offenses. It alleged that from 2006 to 2012, NECC knowingly sent out drugs that were mislabeled and unsanitary or contaminated. In a congressional hearing the FDA Commissioner was asked why regulators at the FDA and the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy did not take action against the pharmacy years earlier. The legislators were told that the agency was obligated to defer to Massachusetts authorities, who had more direct oversight over pharmacies. The FDA Commissioner also stated, \"In light of growing evidence of threats to the public health, the administration urges Congress to strengthen standards for non-traditional compounding.\"", "Drug Quality and Security Act The Drug Quality and Security Act () is a law that amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs. The bill was written in response to the New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that took place in 2012, which killed 64 people. The bill was signed by President Obama on November 27, 2013. The bill was introduced by Rep. Upton in response to the New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that took place in 2012. 64 people were killed and 750 were infected by fungal meningitis. Rep. Upton's district had 3 deaths and there were 19 total in Michigan. Compounding is the creation of a particular pharmaceutical product to fit the unique need of a patient. To do this, compounding pharmacists combine or process appropriate ingredients using various tools. This may be done for medically necessary reasons, such as to change the form of the medication from a solid tablet to a liquid, to avoid a non-essential ingredient that the patient is allergic to, or to obtain the exact dose(s) needed or deemed best of particular active pharmaceutical ingredient(s). It may also be done for more optional reasons, such as adding flavors to a medication or otherwise altering taste or texture. The law amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to grant the Food and Drug Administration more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounded drugs. The bill would also \"make it easier to trace drugs throughout the U.S. supply chain. \" The bill would prohibit reselling drugs that are labeled \"not for resale.\" \"This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.\""], "answer": {"text": "An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product.", "answer_start": 231}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were they sickened by?", "answer": {"text": "the meningitis outbreak.", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#3", "question": "how did they control it?", "rewrite": "How did Centers for Disease Control and Prevention control 2012 Fatal Meningitis Outbreak outbreak?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stearns led the congressional effort involving the meningitis outbreak. As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened across 19 states. An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product. As Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Stearns held a hearing on this outbreak. During the hearing, Stearns stated the outbreak was preventable had the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted. The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC as early as 2002, and in 2006 the FDA threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations. During the hearing, FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg testified that the FDA lacked the authority to close down NECC. Stearns noted that the FDA had authority to close NECC, but simply failed to protect the American people. Dr. Scott Gottlieb, deputy commissioner of the FDA from 2005-07 and Mr. SheldonBradshaw, FDA's chief counsel during that same period, disagreed strongly with Hamburg. In a Wall Street Journal op-ed on November 13, 2012, they stated unequivocally that FDA did have enough authority and could have acted but chose not to because of FDA's desire to regulate \"the full scope of the practice of pharmacy.\" They further stated that NECC's illegal actions, which FDA was aware of, that \"put the NECC firmly in violation of FDA rules-if the agency had chosen to enforce existing provisions.\"", "New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak A New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that began in September 2012 sickened over 800 individuals and resulted in the deaths of initial 76, with a later report of over 100 people killed. In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with state and local health departments and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), began investigating a multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections among patients who had received contaminated steroid injections from the New England Compounding Center (NECC) in Framingham, Massachusetts. The NECC was classified as a compounding pharmacy. Such pharmacies are authorized to combine, mix, or alter ingredients to create specific formulations of drugs to meet the specific needs of individual patients, and only in response to individual prescriptions. In October 2012, an investigation of the NECC revealed the company had been in violation of its state license because it had been functioning as a drug manufacturer, producing drugs for broad use rather than filling individual prescriptions. In December of 2012, federal prosecutors charged 14 former NECC employees, including president Barry Cadden and pharmacist Glenn Chin, with a host of criminal offenses. It alleged that from 2006 to 2012, NECC knowingly sent out drugs that were mislabeled and unsanitary or contaminated. In a congressional hearing the FDA Commissioner was asked why regulators at the FDA and the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy did not take action against the pharmacy years earlier. The legislators were told that the agency was obligated to defer to Massachusetts authorities, who had more direct oversight over pharmacies. The FDA Commissioner also stated, \"In light of growing evidence of threats to the public health, the administration urges Congress to strengthen standards for non-traditional compounding.\"", "John Chapple, manager of Sinoanalytica, a Qingdao-based food analysis laboratory, supplemented Greenpeace's information. He was not surprised by the findings and explained that farmers in China have little knowledge of correct pesticide use. Although many Chinese farms are converting to organic agriculture, pesticide use in many areas remains high. In June, July, and August 2006, the Shuguo Yanyi Restaurant in Beijing served raw Amazonian snail meat and, as a result, 70 diners were diagnosed with angiostrongylus meningitis. The snail meat contained \"Angiostrongylus cantonesis\", \"a parasite that harms people's nervous system\" causing headaches, vomiting, stiff necks, and fevers. No one died from the meningitis outbreak and the Beijing Municipal Office of Health inspection did not find any more raw snails in 2,000 other restaurants. However, the Beijing Municipal Office of Health prohibited restaurants from serving raw or half-cooked snails and disciplined the Shuguo Yanyi Restaurant. The Beijing Friendship Hospital, where the first meningitis case was treated, began a program to educate doctors on the treatment of angiostrongylus meningitis. The Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention explained that these meningitis cases were the first outbreaks since the 1980s. In December 2006, sixteen diners were hospitalized after eating a poisonous variety of boletus mushrooms in Beijing at the Dayali Roast Duck Restaurant. The mushrooms caused nausea, vomiting, and dizziness and the ill diners were treated at the Bo'ai Hospital and the 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army. In November 2006, Chinese authorities at the Ministry of Health had warned of the rising number of mushroom poisonings. \" From July to September, 31 people were killed and 183 were poisoned by toxic mushrooms.", "2009\u201310 West African meningitis outbreak The 2009\u20132010 West African meningitis outbreak was an epidemic of bacterial meningitis which occurred in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria since January 2009, an annual risk in the African meningitis belt. A total of 13,516 people have been infected with meningitis, and 931 have died. Nigeria has been the most adversely affected, with over half of the total cases and deaths occurring in the nation. The WHO reported on March 27, 2009 that 1,100 had died and there were 25,000 suspected cases. It is the worst outbreak in the region since 1996, and a third of the world's emergency vaccine stockpile for the bacterial form has been consumed. The GAVI Alliance has been trying to secure more vaccines. West Africa is struck by an annual meningitis epidemic, usually affecting between 25,000 and 200,000 inhabitants. However, the current epidemic has been the deadliest outbreak since 1996. That year meningitis infected over 100,000 people and killed 10,000 during a three-month period. According to doctorswithoutborders.org, Up to 400 vaccination teams of five people each immunized thousands of people every day in the region for a few weeks. In total, 2.8 million people were vaccinated in Zinder, Maradi, and Dosso regions in Niger, and 4.5 million people in Katsina, Jigawa, Bauchi, Kebbi, Sokoto, Niger, Zamfara, Kaduna, and Gombe States in Nigeria. Vaccination campaigns continue at some sites in Nigeria for a total of 255,000 people. The outbreak has affected four departments in Burkina Faso: Bati\u00e9 Department, Manni Department, Solenzo Department, and Toma Department.", "The \"Centre for AIDS & Related Diseases\" was established at National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) as a National Reference Laboratory as per NACO guidelines in the year 2002. Prior to this it had existed as AIDS Reference Laboratory since 1985, one of the first reference centers in India, which started surveillance of HIV infection in the country. On 30 July 2009, it was named as National Centre for Disease Control. NCDC has eight divisions under it namely  Doctors from NCDC had been previously summoned to investigate potential outbreaks of diseases including suspected cases of Pneumonic plague in Punjab in 2002, SARS outbreaks in 2004, meningitis outbreak in Delhi in 2005, and avian influenza in 2006. The NCDC in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has set up the Global Disease Detection Regional Center in New Delhi, India. This will lead to long-term public health collaboration between the Government of India and the United States in many areas including establishing high quality research and surveillance on important human infectious diseases, establishing the Indian EIS (Epidemiological Intelligence System) program, and developing the NCDC as an international nodal agency in South Asia. For similar agencies elsewhere, please see list of national public health agencies"], "answer": {"text": "The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC", "answer_start": 612}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were they sickened by?", "answer": {"text": "the meningitis outbreak.", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause of the outbreak?", "answer": {"text": "An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#4", "question": "what were some of the violations?", "rewrite": "what were some of the FDA violations at NEC?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Competition heated up later as rival Fujitsu started to aggressively market its computers, which were industry standard (x86) instead of NEC's indigenous models. By 1997 NEC's share was reduced to about 35%. NEC celebrated their 100th anniversary in 1999. In 2000, NEC had formed a joint venture manufacturing OLED displays with Samsung SDI, which had also been a NEC-Samsung JV. NEC Electronics Corporation was separated from NEC in 2002 as a new semiconductor company. NEC Laboratories America, Inc. (NEC Labs) started in November, 2002 as a merger of NEC Research Institute (NECI) and NEC USA's Computer and Communications Research Laboratory (CCRL). NEC built the Earth Simulator Computer (ESC), the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004, and since produced the NEC N343i in 2006. In 2003 NEC had a 20.8% market share in the personal computer market in Japan, slightly ahead of Fujitsu. In 2004, NEC has abandoned not only the OLED business but the emerging displays business as a whole, by selling off its Plasma display business and exiting from the JV with Samsung SDI. In 2007, NEC and Nissan Co. Corp. started evaluating a joint venture to produce lithium ion batteries for hybrid and electric cars. They established Automotive Energy Supply Corporation as a result. On April 23, 2009, Renesas Technology Corp and NEC Electronics Corp struck a basic agreement to merge by around April 2010. On April 1, 2010 NEC Electronics and Renesas Technology merged forming Renesas Electronics which is set to be fourth largest semiconductor company according to iSuppli published data. By Q3 2010, NEC held a 19.8% market share in the PC market in Japan. On January 27, 2011, NEC formed a PC joint venture with Chinese PC maker Lenovo, the fourth largest PC maker in the world.", "In December 2018, NEC announced that it would purchase KMD, the largest Danish IT company, to strengthen its digital government business. As of September 2019, NEC was the largest non-Chinese supplier of AI surveillance technology in the world. As of July 2018, NEC has 6 larger business segments - Public, Enterprise, Network Services, System Platform, Global, Others. It has renamed its Telecom Carrier business to Network Service. Principal subsidiaries of NEC include:   Defense products include:    Achievements of NEC include:  NEC ranked consistently in the top four companies over the previous five years for the number of U.S. patents issued, averaging 1764 each year. NEC was the main (title) sponsor of the Davis Cup competition until 2002, when BNP Paribas took over the sponsorship. NEC between 1982 and 2012 sponsored the NEC Cup, a Go tournament in Japan. NEC between 1986 and 2003 sponsored the NEC Shun-Ei, a Go tournament for young players in Japan. NEC sponsored the English football club Everton from 1985 to 1995. The 1995 FA Cup Final triumph was Everton's final game of the decade-long NEC sponsorship, and Danka took over as sponsors. NEC signed a deal to sponsor the Sauber F1 Team from the 2011 season until the 2014 season. NEC signed a new deal to sponsor the Sahara Force India F1 Team for the 2015 season. In April 2013, NEC became the umbrella sponsor for PGA Tour Latinoam\u00e9rica, a third-tier men's professional golf tour. NEC one sponsored the V.League Volleyball. These started as works teams, but over the years came to include professional players: NEC also used to own Montedio Yamagata of the football (soccer) J. League, but just sponsors them along with other local companies.", "NEC Corporation of America NEC Corporation of America is the principal subsidiary of the multinational IT company NEC in the United States. NEC Corporation of America was formed on 1 July 2006, from the combined operations of NEC America, NEC Solutions America and NEC USA. Nippon Electric New York (later NEC America Inc.) was incorporated in 1963. In October 1986 NEC formed a joint venture with Honeywell, HNSX Supercomputers, to sell NEC's supercomputers in the United States and Canada. NEC established a research lab in South Brunswick, Princeton, New Jersey in 1988. In October 1989 Honeywell agreed to sell its share in HNSX Supercomputers to NEC. NEC Laboratories was created in November 2002 through the merger of NEC Research Institute and NEC USA's Computer and Communications Research Laboratory. NEC Corporation of America was formed on 1 July 2006 from the combined operations of NEC America, NEC Solutions America and NEC USA. NEC Laboratories succeeded in sending over 100 terabits of information per second through a single optical fibre in April 2011, establishing a new world record. Subsidiaries of NEC Corporation of America include:   NEC Corporation of America's products and services include:   In April 1997 HNSX Supercomputers and Fujitsu were jointly found guilty of dumping by bidding below cost in order to sell a supercomputer to the National Center for Atmospheric Research. In September 1997 the United States International Trade Commission found that Cray Research had been financially injured by the pricing practices of HNSX Supercomputers and Fujitsu.", "Stearns led the congressional effort involving the meningitis outbreak. As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened across 19 states. An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product. As Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Stearns held a hearing on this outbreak. During the hearing, Stearns stated the outbreak was preventable had the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted. The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC as early as 2002, and in 2006 the FDA threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations. During the hearing, FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg testified that the FDA lacked the authority to close down NECC. Stearns noted that the FDA had authority to close NECC, but simply failed to protect the American people. Dr. Scott Gottlieb, deputy commissioner of the FDA from 2005-07 and Mr. SheldonBradshaw, FDA's chief counsel during that same period, disagreed strongly with Hamburg. In a Wall Street Journal op-ed on November 13, 2012, they stated unequivocally that FDA did have enough authority and could have acted but chose not to because of FDA's desire to regulate \"the full scope of the practice of pharmacy.\" They further stated that NECC's illegal actions, which FDA was aware of, that \"put the NECC firmly in violation of FDA rules-if the agency had chosen to enforce existing provisions.\"", "FDA warning letter An FDA warning letter is an official message from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to a manufacturer or other organization that has violated some rule in a federally regulated activity. The FDA defines an FDA warning letter as:   ... a correspondence that notifies regulated industry about violations that FDA has documented during its inspections or investigations. Typically, a Warning Letter notifies a responsible individual or firm that the Agency considers one or more products, practices, processes, or other activities to be in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act), its implementing regulations and other federal statutes. Warning Letters should only be issued for violations of regulatory significance, i.e., those that may actually lead to an enforcement action if the documented violations are not promptly and adequately corrected. A Warning Letter is one of the Agency's principal means of achieving prompt voluntary compliance with the Act. While the FDA generally determines violations through its own inspections, they can also issue one based on evidence from state personnel. The FDA considers a warning letter informal and advisory. It communicates the agency's position on a matter, but does not commit the FDA to an enforcement action. For that reason, the FDA does not consider a warning letter a final action on which it can be sued. The FDA expects most individuals, firms, and government establishments to voluntarily comply with the law. When the FDA observes a deviation from acceptable practice, they give the organization an opportunity to take voluntary and prompt corrective action before it initiates an enforcement action. A step in this process, depending on the nature of the violation, is to issue a warning letter, which also establishes \"prior notice.\" The agency has a computer application called the Compliance Management System (CMS, or MARC-CMS).) that district offices use to electronically submit warning letter recommendations to FDA Centers."], "answer": {"text": "threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations.", "answer_start": 707}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were they sickened by?", "answer": {"text": "the meningitis outbreak.", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause of the outbreak?", "answer": {"text": "An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they control it?", "answer": {"text": "The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC", "answer_start": 612, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#5", "question": "how did they threaten the NECC?", "rewrite": "how did the FDA threaten the NECC?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Navy Expeditionary Combat Command The Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) serves as the single functional command to centrally manage current and future readiness, resources, manning, training and equipping of the United States Navy's 21,000 expeditionary forces who are currently serving in every theater of operation. The NECC was established in January 2006. NECC is a subordinate command of the Navy's Fleet Forces Command. NECC components offer functions such as command and control of expeditionary warfare operations, training, maritime and port security, logistics support, construction, littoral and coastal warfare and patrol, coastal riverine warfare, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), expeditionary diving and combat salvage, and combat photography. NECC aligns disparate expeditionary capabilities to coordinate expeditionary practices, procedures and requirements in the joint battlespace. NECC integrates all warfighting requirements for expeditionary combat and combat support elements, consolidating and realigning the Navy's expeditionary forces under a single command to improve fleet readiness. NECC's goal is to improve efficiencies and effectiveness through economies of scale. NECC changed how the U.S. Navy organizes, trains and equips its forces to meet the Maritime Security Operations and Joint contingency operations requirements. NECC is not a stand-alone or combat force, but rather a protection force that fills the gaps in the joint warfare arena and complements capabilities of foreign military partners. As an asset to operational commanders, NECC is designed to provide an array of capabilities that are unique to the expeditionary maritime environment as opposed to the blue water and land warfare environments. NECC seamlessly operates with the other services and coalition partners to provide cooperative assistance as requested. This redistribution of support places naval forces where they are needed the most and establishes new capabilities in support of Maritime Security Operations. Members of most NECC", "New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak A New England Compounding Center meningitis outbreak that began in September 2012 sickened over 800 individuals and resulted in the deaths of initial 76, with a later report of over 100 people killed. In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with state and local health departments and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), began investigating a multistate outbreak of fungal meningitis and other infections among patients who had received contaminated steroid injections from the New England Compounding Center (NECC) in Framingham, Massachusetts. The NECC was classified as a compounding pharmacy. Such pharmacies are authorized to combine, mix, or alter ingredients to create specific formulations of drugs to meet the specific needs of individual patients, and only in response to individual prescriptions. In October 2012, an investigation of the NECC revealed the company had been in violation of its state license because it had been functioning as a drug manufacturer, producing drugs for broad use rather than filling individual prescriptions. In December of 2012, federal prosecutors charged 14 former NECC employees, including president Barry Cadden and pharmacist Glenn Chin, with a host of criminal offenses. It alleged that from 2006 to 2012, NECC knowingly sent out drugs that were mislabeled and unsanitary or contaminated. In a congressional hearing the FDA Commissioner was asked why regulators at the FDA and the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy did not take action against the pharmacy years earlier. The legislators were told that the agency was obligated to defer to Massachusetts authorities, who had more direct oversight over pharmacies. The FDA Commissioner also stated, \"In light of growing evidence of threats to the public health, the administration urges Congress to strengthen standards for non-traditional compounding.\"", "The Ekman transport into the current is typically negligible, at least in the Pacific NECC. The total NECC is found by simply integrating M over the relevant latitudes. The Atlantic NECC consists of the eastward zonal transport of water between 3\u00b0N and 9\u00b0N, with typical widths on the order of 300 km. The Atlantic NECC is unique among the equatorial currents in that basin because of its extreme seasonality. The maximum eastward flow is attained in late boreal summer and fall while the countercurrent is replaced by westward flow in late winter and spring. The NECC has maximum transport of approximately 40 Sv (10^6 m3/s) at 38\u00b0W. Transport reaches 30 Sv two months per year at 44\u00b0W, while farther east at 38\u00b0W the transport reaches that level five months per year. The magnitude of the NECC weakens substantially east of 38\u00b0W due to water being absorbed by the westward equatorial current south of 3\u00b0N. While the variability of the Atlantic NECC is dominated by the annual cycle (weak late winter, strong late summer), there is also interannual variability as well. The strength of the Atlantic NECC is notably stronger in years following El Ni\u00f1o in the tropical Pacific, with 1983 and 1987 being notable examples. Physically, this implies that the altered convection in the Pacific Ocean due to El Ni\u00f1o drives changes in the meridional gradient of wind stress curl over the equatorial Atlantic. The Pacific NECC is the major eastward moving surface current that transports more than 20 Sv from the West Pacific warm pool to the cooler East Pacific. In the western Pacific the countercurrent is centered near 5\u00b0N while in the central Pacific it is located near 7\u00b0N. The northern boundary of the Pacific NECC is easily defined by the adjacent westward flow found in the North Equatorial Current (NEC).", "Stearns led the congressional effort involving the meningitis outbreak. As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened across 19 states. An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product. As Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Stearns held a hearing on this outbreak. During the hearing, Stearns stated the outbreak was preventable had the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted. The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC as early as 2002, and in 2006 the FDA threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations. During the hearing, FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg testified that the FDA lacked the authority to close down NECC. Stearns noted that the FDA had authority to close NECC, but simply failed to protect the American people. Dr. Scott Gottlieb, deputy commissioner of the FDA from 2005-07 and Mr. SheldonBradshaw, FDA's chief counsel during that same period, disagreed strongly with Hamburg. In a Wall Street Journal op-ed on November 13, 2012, they stated unequivocally that FDA did have enough authority and could have acted but chose not to because of FDA's desire to regulate \"the full scope of the practice of pharmacy.\" They further stated that NECC's illegal actions, which FDA was aware of, that \"put the NECC firmly in violation of FDA rules-if the agency had chosen to enforce existing provisions.\"", "In light of growing evidence of threats to the public health, the administration urges Congress to strengthen standards for non-traditional compounding.\" Joyce Lovelace, the widow of 78-year-old Eddie C. Lovelace, who was the first confirmed victim of the outbreak, also spoke at the hearing. Following Lovelace, the committee attempted to question Barry Cadden, the owner and director of the NECC, but Cadden refused to testify, invoking his Fifth Amendment right to not answer questions to avoid self-incrimination. During the second day of hearings, senators said that regulators had not only failed to move aggressively against NECC, but also against a sister company, Ameridose LLC, a large-scale drug compounder that supplies drugs to thousands of hospitals nationwide, as well. Although the FDA had repeatedly found reports of adverse events, faulty products, and medication errors in the last decade, no warning letter had ever been issued. In 2002, five patients became ill and two more were hospitalized with meningitis-like symptoms after they were injected with the same steroid implicated in the current outbreak, and yet the state took no action until 2006. Although the FDA has limited authority over compounders such as NECC, Ameridose is licensed by the FDA as a manufacturer and is clearly subject to its regulatory powers. In October 2012, plaintiffs in federally filed fungal meningitis lawsuits petitioned the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (JPML) for establishment of a consolidated litigation in Minnesota federal court. NECC requested that the litigation be transferred to federal court in Massachusetts. In December 2012, the company filed for bankruptcy and U.S. District Judge Dennis Saylor ruled that meningitis lawsuits pending in Massachusetts federal court would be consolidated and allowed to move forward. By mid-December, over 400 lawsuits had been filed against NECC."], "answer": {"text": "FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg testified that the FDA lacked the authority to close down NECC.", "answer_start": 782}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were they sickened by?", "answer": {"text": "the meningitis outbreak.", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause of the outbreak?", "answer": {"text": "An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they control it?", "answer": {"text": "The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC", "answer_start": 612, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the violations?", "answer": {"text": "threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#6", "question": "were they able to get them to comply with the regulations?", "rewrite": "were the FSA able to get the NECC to comply with the regulations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Navy Expeditionary Combat Command The Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) serves as the single functional command to centrally manage current and future readiness, resources, manning, training and equipping of the United States Navy's 21,000 expeditionary forces who are currently serving in every theater of operation. The NECC was established in January 2006. NECC is a subordinate command of the Navy's Fleet Forces Command. NECC components offer functions such as command and control of expeditionary warfare operations, training, maritime and port security, logistics support, construction, littoral and coastal warfare and patrol, coastal riverine warfare, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), expeditionary diving and combat salvage, and combat photography. NECC aligns disparate expeditionary capabilities to coordinate expeditionary practices, procedures and requirements in the joint battlespace. NECC integrates all warfighting requirements for expeditionary combat and combat support elements, consolidating and realigning the Navy's expeditionary forces under a single command to improve fleet readiness. NECC's goal is to improve efficiencies and effectiveness through economies of scale. NECC changed how the U.S. Navy organizes, trains and equips its forces to meet the Maritime Security Operations and Joint contingency operations requirements. NECC is not a stand-alone or combat force, but rather a protection force that fills the gaps in the joint warfare arena and complements capabilities of foreign military partners. As an asset to operational commanders, NECC is designed to provide an array of capabilities that are unique to the expeditionary maritime environment as opposed to the blue water and land warfare environments. NECC seamlessly operates with the other services and coalition partners to provide cooperative assistance as requested. This redistribution of support places naval forces where they are needed the most and establishes new capabilities in support of Maritime Security Operations. Members of most NECC", "Stearns led the congressional effort involving the meningitis outbreak. As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened across 19 states. An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product. As Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Stearns held a hearing on this outbreak. During the hearing, Stearns stated the outbreak was preventable had the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted. The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC as early as 2002, and in 2006 the FDA threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations. During the hearing, FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg testified that the FDA lacked the authority to close down NECC. Stearns noted that the FDA had authority to close NECC, but simply failed to protect the American people. Dr. Scott Gottlieb, deputy commissioner of the FDA from 2005-07 and Mr. SheldonBradshaw, FDA's chief counsel during that same period, disagreed strongly with Hamburg. In a Wall Street Journal op-ed on November 13, 2012, they stated unequivocally that FDA did have enough authority and could have acted but chose not to because of FDA's desire to regulate \"the full scope of the practice of pharmacy.\" They further stated that NECC's illegal actions, which FDA was aware of, that \"put the NECC firmly in violation of FDA rules-if the agency had chosen to enforce existing provisions.\"", "The southern boundary, however, can be more ambiguous. The southern boundary in the central Pacific is clearly defined by the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC) at the surface, but at depth it merges with the North Subsurface Countercurrent (NSCC). In the western basin, the NECC may merge with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) below the surface. Generally, the current weakens to the east in the basin, with estimated flows of 21 Sv, 14.2 Sv, and 12 Sv in the western, central, and eastern Pacific, respectively. Like the Atlantic NECC, the Pacific NECC undergoes an annual cycle. Unlike the Atlantic however, the eastward Pacific NECC does not generally disappear. During late boreal winter and spring, the current is weaker as the northeasterly trade winds are shifted south, and oppose the current. When the northeasterly trades are shifted north and weaker in the later summer and fall, the NECC is stronger. These seasonal fluctuations are in phase with that of the NEC, but opposite in phase to the SEC. The Pacific NECC is known to be stronger during El Ni\u00f1o events where there is anomalous warming of the eastern and central Pacific that peaks in boreal winter. Klaus Wyrtki hypothesized in the early 1970s that an unusually strong NECC in the western Pacific would lead to an anomalous accumulation of warm water of the coast of Central America and, thus, El Ni\u00f1o. The sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific and the transport of the NECC are indeed highly correlated. This does not, however, exclude other atmospheric and oceanic factors from contributing to anomalous warming. ENSO is a complicated, coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in which basin-wide changes in sea surface temperatures, trade winds, and atmospheric convection are intimately related.", "The Ekman transport into the current is typically negligible, at least in the Pacific NECC. The total NECC is found by simply integrating M over the relevant latitudes. The Atlantic NECC consists of the eastward zonal transport of water between 3\u00b0N and 9\u00b0N, with typical widths on the order of 300 km. The Atlantic NECC is unique among the equatorial currents in that basin because of its extreme seasonality. The maximum eastward flow is attained in late boreal summer and fall while the countercurrent is replaced by westward flow in late winter and spring. The NECC has maximum transport of approximately 40 Sv (10^6 m3/s) at 38\u00b0W. Transport reaches 30 Sv two months per year at 44\u00b0W, while farther east at 38\u00b0W the transport reaches that level five months per year. The magnitude of the NECC weakens substantially east of 38\u00b0W due to water being absorbed by the westward equatorial current south of 3\u00b0N. While the variability of the Atlantic NECC is dominated by the annual cycle (weak late winter, strong late summer), there is also interannual variability as well. The strength of the Atlantic NECC is notably stronger in years following El Ni\u00f1o in the tropical Pacific, with 1983 and 1987 being notable examples. Physically, this implies that the altered convection in the Pacific Ocean due to El Ni\u00f1o drives changes in the meridional gradient of wind stress curl over the equatorial Atlantic. The Pacific NECC is the major eastward moving surface current that transports more than 20 Sv from the West Pacific warm pool to the cooler East Pacific. In the western Pacific the countercurrent is centered near 5\u00b0N while in the central Pacific it is located near 7\u00b0N. The northern boundary of the Pacific NECC is easily defined by the adjacent westward flow found in the North Equatorial Current (NEC).", "Two compounding pharmacies issued drug recalls in March 2013. Med Prep Consulting Inc and Clinical Specialties Compounding Pharmacy both issued recalls after Med Prep found particles floating in five doses of a compounded solution, and Clinical Specialties heard about five eye infections in patients who had received compounded eye injections. In October 2012, an investigation of the NECC revealed the company had been in violation of its state license because it had been functioning as a drug manufacturer, producing drugs for broad use, rather than filling individual prescriptions as prescribed by individual doctors within the state. Some doctors and clinics may have turned away from major drug manufacturers and turned to compounding pharmacies as manufacturers because they often charge much lower prices than the major manufacturers. Reuters news service reviewed over a dozen emails to the NECC and found they solicited bulk orders from physicians and failed to require proof of individual patient prescriptions as required under state regulations. In October, Massachusetts officials launched a criminal investigation of the NECC and the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Pharmacy voted to permanently revoke their license to operate in Massachusetts, as well as the licenses of the company's three principal pharmacists to fill prescriptions in Massachusetts. The preliminary investigation found unsanitary conditions, including fungus in steroid solutions. Massachusetts officials said that the NECC had shipped orders of the contaminated drug without waiting for final results of sterility testing. Records suggested NECC had failed to sterilize products for \"even the minimum amount of time necessary to ensure sterility. \" Mats used to trap dust and dirt outside the rooms were dirty, sterile hoods were not properly cleaned, and a boiler was leaking next to a clean room, according to officials. U.S. and Massachusetts state health regulators were aware in 2002 that steroid treatments from NECC could cause adverse patient reactions."], "answer": {"text": "Stearns noted that the FDA had authority to close NECC, but simply failed to protect the American people.", "answer_start": 884}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were they sickened by?", "answer": {"text": "the meningitis outbreak.", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause of the outbreak?", "answer": {"text": "An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they control it?", "answer": {"text": "The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC", "answer_start": 612, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the violations?", "answer": {"text": "threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they threaten the NECC?", "answer": {"text": "FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg testified that the FDA lacked the authority to close down NECC.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8d89586908d0448ab5c8a786e7d1cbb8_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from the contamination by the NECC, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Drug Quality and Security Act (H.R. 3204), a bill to grant the FDA more authority to regulate and monitor the manufacturing of compounding drugs, was passed by the Senate on November 27, 2013. The incident resulted in numerous lawsuits against NECC. In May 2015, a $200 million settlement plan was approved that set aside funds for victims of the outbreak and their families. In September 2012, an outbreak of fungal meningitis was reported in the United States. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traced the outbreak to fungal contamination in three lots of a medication called methylprednisolone used for epidural steroid injections. The medication was packaged and marketed by the New England Compounding Center (NECC), a compounding pharmacy in Framingham, Massachusetts. Doses from these three lots had been distributed to 75 medical facilities in 23 states, and doses had been administered to about 14,000 patients after May 21 and before September 24, 2012. Patients began reporting symptoms in late August, but, because of the unusual nature of the infection, clinicians did not begin to realize the cases had a common cause until late September. Infections other than meningitis were also associated with this outbreak, which spanned 19 states. As of March 10, 2013, 48 people had died and 720 were being treated for persistent fungal infections. In November 2012, some patients recovering from meningitis were reported to be experiencing secondary infections at the injection site. Although no cases of infection were reported to be associated with any other lots of medication, all lots of all medications distributed by NECC were recalled in separate actions by NECC and regulators. Subsequent analysis identified some contamination in other lots. On October 9, 2012, members of the United States Congress asked federal health officials for briefings on the outbreak as a first step toward possible legislative action to strengthen federal drug safety regulations.", "The southern boundary, however, can be more ambiguous. The southern boundary in the central Pacific is clearly defined by the westward South Equatorial Current (SEC) at the surface, but at depth it merges with the North Subsurface Countercurrent (NSCC). In the western basin, the NECC may merge with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) below the surface. Generally, the current weakens to the east in the basin, with estimated flows of 21 Sv, 14.2 Sv, and 12 Sv in the western, central, and eastern Pacific, respectively. Like the Atlantic NECC, the Pacific NECC undergoes an annual cycle. Unlike the Atlantic however, the eastward Pacific NECC does not generally disappear. During late boreal winter and spring, the current is weaker as the northeasterly trade winds are shifted south, and oppose the current. When the northeasterly trades are shifted north and weaker in the later summer and fall, the NECC is stronger. These seasonal fluctuations are in phase with that of the NEC, but opposite in phase to the SEC. The Pacific NECC is known to be stronger during El Ni\u00f1o events where there is anomalous warming of the eastern and central Pacific that peaks in boreal winter. Klaus Wyrtki hypothesized in the early 1970s that an unusually strong NECC in the western Pacific would lead to an anomalous accumulation of warm water of the coast of Central America and, thus, El Ni\u00f1o. The sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific and the transport of the NECC are indeed highly correlated. This does not, however, exclude other atmospheric and oceanic factors from contributing to anomalous warming. ENSO is a complicated, coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in which basin-wide changes in sea surface temperatures, trade winds, and atmospheric convection are intimately related.", "Equatorial Counter Current The Equatorial Counter Current is an eastward flowing, wind-driven current which extends to depths of 100-150m in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. More often called the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), this current flows west-to-east at about 3-10\u00b0N in the Atlantic, Indian Ocean and Pacific basins, between the North Equatorial Current (NEC) and the South Equatorial Current (SEC). The NECC is not to be confused with the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) that flows eastward along the equator at depths around 200m in the western Pacific rising to 100m in the eastern Pacific. In the Indian Ocean, circulation is dominated by the impact of the reversing Asian monsoon winds. As such, the current tends to reverse hemispheres seasonally in that basin. The NECC has a pronounced seasonal cycle in the Atlantic and Pacific, reaching maximum strength in late boreal summer and fall and minimum strength in late boreal winter and spring. Furthermore, the NECC in the Atlantic disappears in late winter and early spring. The NECC is an interesting case because while it results from wind-driven circulation, it transports water against the mean westward wind stress in the tropics. This apparent paradox is concisely explained by Sverdrup theory, which shows that the east-west transport is governed by the north-south change in the curl of the wind stress. The Pacific NECC is also known to be stronger during warm episodes of the El Ni\u00f1o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Klaus Wyrtki, who first reported this connection, suggested that a stronger than normal NECC could be the cause of an El Ni\u00f1o because of the extra volume of warm water it carried eastwards.", "Navy Expeditionary Combat Command The Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) serves as the single functional command to centrally manage current and future readiness, resources, manning, training and equipping of the United States Navy's 21,000 expeditionary forces who are currently serving in every theater of operation. The NECC was established in January 2006. NECC is a subordinate command of the Navy's Fleet Forces Command. NECC components offer functions such as command and control of expeditionary warfare operations, training, maritime and port security, logistics support, construction, littoral and coastal warfare and patrol, coastal riverine warfare, explosive ordnance disposal (EOD), expeditionary diving and combat salvage, and combat photography. NECC aligns disparate expeditionary capabilities to coordinate expeditionary practices, procedures and requirements in the joint battlespace. NECC integrates all warfighting requirements for expeditionary combat and combat support elements, consolidating and realigning the Navy's expeditionary forces under a single command to improve fleet readiness. NECC's goal is to improve efficiencies and effectiveness through economies of scale. NECC changed how the U.S. Navy organizes, trains and equips its forces to meet the Maritime Security Operations and Joint contingency operations requirements. NECC is not a stand-alone or combat force, but rather a protection force that fills the gaps in the joint warfare arena and complements capabilities of foreign military partners. As an asset to operational commanders, NECC is designed to provide an array of capabilities that are unique to the expeditionary maritime environment as opposed to the blue water and land warfare environments. NECC seamlessly operates with the other services and coalition partners to provide cooperative assistance as requested. This redistribution of support places naval forces where they are needed the most and establishes new capabilities in support of Maritime Security Operations. Members of most NECC", "The Ekman transport into the current is typically negligible, at least in the Pacific NECC. The total NECC is found by simply integrating M over the relevant latitudes. The Atlantic NECC consists of the eastward zonal transport of water between 3\u00b0N and 9\u00b0N, with typical widths on the order of 300 km. The Atlantic NECC is unique among the equatorial currents in that basin because of its extreme seasonality. The maximum eastward flow is attained in late boreal summer and fall while the countercurrent is replaced by westward flow in late winter and spring. The NECC has maximum transport of approximately 40 Sv (10^6 m3/s) at 38\u00b0W. Transport reaches 30 Sv two months per year at 44\u00b0W, while farther east at 38\u00b0W the transport reaches that level five months per year. The magnitude of the NECC weakens substantially east of 38\u00b0W due to water being absorbed by the westward equatorial current south of 3\u00b0N. While the variability of the Atlantic NECC is dominated by the annual cycle (weak late winter, strong late summer), there is also interannual variability as well. The strength of the Atlantic NECC is notably stronger in years following El Ni\u00f1o in the tropical Pacific, with 1983 and 1987 being notable examples. Physically, this implies that the altered convection in the Pacific Ocean due to El Ni\u00f1o drives changes in the meridional gradient of wind stress curl over the equatorial Atlantic. The Pacific NECC is the major eastward moving surface current that transports more than 20 Sv from the West Pacific warm pool to the cooler East Pacific. In the western Pacific the countercurrent is centered near 5\u00b0N while in the central Pacific it is located near 7\u00b0N. The northern boundary of the Pacific NECC is easily defined by the adjacent westward flow found in the North Equatorial Current (NEC)."], "answer": {"text": "During the hearing, Stearns stated the outbreak was preventable had the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted.", "answer_start": 493}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the Fatal Meningitis Outbreak of 2012?", "answer": {"text": "As of November 14, 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed 32 deaths and that 438 people have been sickened", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were they sickened by?", "answer": {"text": "the meningitis outbreak.", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the cause of the outbreak?", "answer": {"text": "An investigation determined that the New England Compounding Center(NECC) was the source of the contaminated product.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they control it?", "answer": {"text": "The FDA knew of severe quality control violations at NEC", "answer_start": 612, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of the violations?", "answer": {"text": "threatened NECC if it did not comply with regulations.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did they threaten the NECC?", "answer": {"text": "FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg testified that the FDA lacked the authority to close down NECC.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were they able to get them to comply with the regulations?", "answer": {"text": "Stearns noted that the FDA had authority to close NECC, but simply failed to protect the American people.", "answer_start": 884, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#0", "question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "rewrite": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jay Cantor Jay Cantor (born 1948 New York City) is an American novelist and essayist. He graduated from Harvard University with a BA, and from University of California, Santa Cruz with a Ph.D. He teaches at Tufts University. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with his wife, Melinda Marble, and their daughter, Grace. His work appeared in \"The Harvard Crimson\". He was on the 2009 ArtScience Competition jury. To call Jay Cantor the thinking man's Tom Wolfe is a little unfair to Tom Wolfe, who surely believes, and with some justification, that he's the thinking man's Tom Wolfe. It's also a little unfair to Jay Cantor, who for all I know abhors Wolfe's politics and his fiction as well. Yet the scope of Cantor's ambition in his teeming new novel, \"Great Neck\"; his avid desire to capture the American scene entire; his crowd of characters, each absorbed in a private drama; certain thrillingly compact episodes that stand out like a prodigy among dull schoolkids; the hankering after abandoned tradition (Cantor is fascinated by the cabala, Wolfe by the Stoics); the stern morality operating just below the surface of the narrative -- all these things, it seems to me, link these two writers, both of whom ardently believe in the power of fiction to bring an American moment to life.", "Tom Wolfe (woodcarver) Tom James Wolfe began woodcarving at the age of 12. He has become one of America's leading wood carvers with nearly 50 books in print with Schiffer Publications to date. Tom currently resides in Spruce Pine, NC and teaches classes several times a year at his workshop on Grandfather Mountain, as well as at the John C. Campbell School in Brasstown NC. In recent years Tom has taught classes in New Jersey, Tennessee, and Canada. Tom is a lifetime member of the Southern Highland Craft Guild, having been awarded this distinction in 2006, and can be found demonstrating and selling his original wood carvings at many of the Guilds shops several times throughout the year. Tom's main area of artistic exploration is what is referred to as Caricature Carving. He is a member of the Caricature Carvers of America (CCA), an association of like-minded artists who work to further the craft and the public's greater appreciation and understanding of it. Caricatures in Clay with Tom Wolfe <br> Basic Penknife Carving with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Traditional Woodspirits with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Bottlestoppers with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Canes & Walking Sticks with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Cigar Humidors with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Desperados with Tom Wolfe< br> Carving Down-Home Angels with Tom Wolfe< br> Carving From Roughouts with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Gnomes with Tom Wolfe< br> Carving Out the Wild West with Tom Wolfe: The Saloon<br> Carving Santas for Today: With Tom Wolfe<br> Carving the Civil War: with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Wizards with Tom Wolfe<br> Country Flat Carving with Tom Wolfe< br> Creative Canes & Walking Sticks: Carving with Tom Wolfe<br>", "He spent years tracking the story, spent considerable time with the people involved, watched hours of film footage, listened to recordings, and read transcripts and notes. He once claimed that everything within the book would be true, word for word. Although this is impossible, the majority of information is accurate and extremely detailed. That Capote was able to interview the murderers, Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, meant that he was able to establish their characters, making the details within the book exceptionally accurate. Capote argued that the non-fiction novel should be devoid of first-person narration and, ideally, free of any mention of the novelist. After the publication of \"In Cold Blood\", many authors tested the form's \"original\" concept; notably including Hunter S. Thompson (with \"\" (1966)), Norman Mailer (with \"Armies of the Night\" (1968)), and Tom Wolfe (with \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" (1968)). Other examples of faction are: In Tom Wolfe's school of New Journalism (often characterized as an invention of the mid-1960s), the novel is hybridized with journalistic narration, which, like Capote's prose, places little emphasis on the process of narration (although Wolfe, unlike Capote, occasionally narrates from first-person). Thompson's approach of \"Gonzo Journalism\" abandoned Capote's narrative style to intermingle personal experiences and observations with more traditional journalism. In the 1970s, authors began to re-publish essays or articles by uniting episodic works into a more cohesive whole, such as Michael Herr's non-fiction novel, \"Dispatches\" (1977), which reflects on the journalist's reporting from Vietnam. Since the 1970s, the non-fiction novel has somewhat fallen out of favor.", "Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast \"Stalking the Billion-Footed Beast\" is an essay by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the November 1989 issue of \"Harper's Magazine\" criticizing the American literary establishment for retreating from realism. After being serialized in \"Rolling Stone\" magazine, Wolfe's first novel, \"The Bonfire of the Vanities\" was published in 1987. Prior to the novel, Wolfe had made his career as a journalist and author of non-fiction books. Wolfe had been a pioneer of \"New Journalism,\" a style of non-fiction that relied heavily on novelistic techniques such as the use of scene, dialogue, first-person point of view from the subjects of the stories and recording minute details of everyday routine. In his novel, \"Bonfire of the Vanities\", Wolfe used many of the writing techniques in his journalism, but this time to tell what Wolfe called a \"fictional novel\" (though novel traditionally denotes fiction and is hence redundant, Wolfe's \"New Journalism\" was sometimes described as non-fiction novels). In addition, Wolfe set out in \"Bonfire\" to capture the spirit of New York City in the 1980s. The book was a commercial success, becoming a New York Times Bestseller and earning critical praise. In his \"Harper's\" essay, Wolfe (at the time a contributing editor of the magazine) argues that American authors had strayed far from the tradition of realism seen in the writing of giants of American literature like Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner and John Steinbeck.", "He was on the development team for \"Sports Illustrated\" and was features editor for \"Esquire\". He later worked for \"TIME\". Felker gave Gloria Steinem what she later called her first \"serious assignment,\" regarding contraception; he didn't like her first draft and had her re-write the article. Her resulting 1962 article about the way in which women are forced to choose between a career and marriage preceded Betty Friedan's book \"The Feminine Mystique\" by one year. She joined the founding staff of Felker's \"New York\" and became politically active in the feminist movement. Felker funded the first issue of \"Ms. Magazine\". After losing a battle for \"Esquire\" editorship to Harold Hayes, Felker left to join \"The New York Herald Tribune\" in 1962. He revamped a Sunday section into \"New York\" and hired writers such as Tom Wolfe and Jimmy Breslin; the section became the \"hottest Sunday read in town.\" A long-time friend of Tom Wolfe , Felker was one of the early proponents of New Journalism and key to its emergence. \" The New York Herald Tribune\" closed its doors in 1966 and Felker later, in 1968, reconstituted the Sunday section as \"New York Magazine\". After founding \"New York Magazine\" in 1968, one of his first features was Wolfe's coverage of Ken Kesey and his Merry Pranksters, a story Wolfe later expanded into his non-fiction novel \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\". \"New York\" became one of the most imitated magazines of its time, both from a design perspective and in the way it combined service and life-style articles."], "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#1", "question": "What were they about", "rewrite": "What were Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers about", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mauve Gloves &amp; Madmen, Clutter &amp; Vine  Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine is a 1976 book by Tom Wolfe, consisting of eleven essays and one short story that Wolfe wrote between 1967 and 1976. It includes the essay in which he coined the term \"the 'Me' Decade\" to refer to the 1970s. In addition to the stories, Wolfe also illustrated the book. \"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\" was Wolfe's third collection of essays and short stories, following \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\" in 1965 and \"The Pump House Gang\" in 1968. Wolfe's 1970 book \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\" contained two lengthy essays and is not generally considered a collection. \" Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\" was published in 1976 by Wolfe's regular publisher Farrar, Straus & Giroux. The subjects of Wolfe's essays were considered less original than his previous efforts. When Wolfe wrote about the culture of surf gangs in \"The Pump House Gang\" or about stock car racing in \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\" it was untrod ground. In \"Mauve Gloves\", Wolfe wrote about subjects that had been widely covered before and sought to bring his unique insight to old stories, rather than tell wholly original stories about unexplored subcultures. The primary theme of Wolfe's essays is the struggle for social status. Wolfe is particularly critical of the intelligentsia and the liberal elite, themes that he had previously explored in \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\".", "Radical Chic &amp; Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers is a 1970 book by Tom Wolfe. The book, Wolfe's fourth, is composed of two articles by Wolfe, \"These Radical Chic Evenings\", first published in June 1970 in \"New York\" magazine, about a gathering Leonard Bernstein held for the Black Panther Party, and \"Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\", about the response of many minorities to San Francisco's poverty programs. Both essays looked at the conflict between black rage and white guilt. The first piece is set in the duplex on Park Avenue in Manhattan inhabited by conductor Leonard Bernstein, his wife the actress Felicia Cohn Montealegre, and their three children. Bernstein assembled many of his wealthy socialite friends to meet with representatives of the controversial Black Panthers and discuss ways to help their cause. The party was a typical affair for Bernstein, a longtime Democrat, who was known for hosting civil rights leaders at such parties. The Bernsteins' usual staff of white South Americans served the party. Some of the Bernsteins' typical friends in the arts and guests in journalism (including Oscar-nominated director Otto Preminger and television reporter Barbara Walters) are labeled the \"radical chic\", as Wolfe characterizes them as pursuing radical ends for social reasons, partially because organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People had become mainstream. Wolfe's criticism is implicitly of the general phenomenon of white guilt and armchair agitation becoming facets of high fashion. When \"Time\" magazine later interviewed a minister of the Black Panthers about Bernstein's party, the official said of Wolfe: \"You mean that dirty, blatant, lying, racist dog who wrote that fascist disgusting thing in \"New York\" magazine?\"", "The second part of Wolfe's book is set at the Office of Economic Opportunity in San Francisco which was in charge of administering many of the anti-poverty programs of the time. Wolfe presents the office as corrupt, continually gamed by hustlers diverting cash into their own pockets. The essay centers on the irony of these failed programs fortifying not the diets but the resentment and contempt of the Black, Chicano, Filipino, Chinese, Indian, and Samoan communities of San Francisco. Wolfe describes hapless bureaucrats (the Flak Catchers) whose function was reduced to taking abuse, or \"mau-mauing\" (in reference to the intimidation tactics employed in Kenya's anti-colonial Mau Mau Uprising) from intimidating young Blacks and Samoans, who are seen as reveling in the newfound vulnerability of \"the Man\". The flak-catchers smile pathetically, allowing their tormentors to indulge themselves in abuse; the process is seen as a farcical but useful expedient, condescending toward the resentment of these communities. He described one mau-mauer who would show up at the offices and hand over icepicks, switchblades and straight razors that he said were taken from gangs, in exchange for payments from the program. As a result, much of the money of these programs was not reaching its intended recipients, rendering the programs largely ineffective. The phrase \"radical chic\" has entered into the political and cultural lexicon to describe the adoption of radical or quasi-radical causes by members of the wealthy high-society and celebrity class. Both essays were later reprinted in Wolfe's collection \"The Purple Decades\", indicating that he considered them among his best work. Mau-Mauing", "Radical chic \"Radical chic\" is a term coined by journalist Tom Wolfe in his 1970 essay \"Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's\" to describe the adoption and promotion of radical political causes by celebrities, socialites, and high society. In languages such as American English, French and Italian the term has become widely used to indicate people identifying themselves as socialists or radical leftists while conducting upper-class lifestyles. Unlike dedicated activists, revolutionaries, or dissenters, those who engage in \"radical chic\" remain frivolous political agitators\u2014ideologically invested in their cause of choice only so far as it advances their social standing. The concept has been described as \"an exercise in double-tracking one's public image: on the one hand, defining oneself through committed allegiance to a radical cause, but on the other, vitally, demonstrating this allegiance because it is the fashionable, \"au courant\" way to be seen in moneyed, name-conscious Society.\" \"Terrorist chic\" is a modern expression with similar connotations. This derivative, however, de-emphasizes the class satire of Wolfe's original term, instead accentuating concerns over the semiotics of radicalism (such as the aestheticization of violence). The phrase \"radical chic\" originated in a 1970 \"New York\" article by Tom Wolfe, titled \"Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's\", which was later reprinted in his books \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\" and \"The Purple Decades\". In the essay, Wolfe used the term to satirize composer Leonard Bernstein and his friends for their absurdity in hosting a fundraising party for the Black Panthers\u2014an organization whose members, activities, and goals were clearly incongruous with those of Bernstein's elite circle.", "In 1965, Wolfe published a collection of his articles in this style, The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby, adding to his notability. He published a second collection of articles, The Pump House Gang, in 1968. Wolfe wrote on popular culture, architecture, politics, and other topics that underscored, among other things, how American life in the 1960s had been transformed by post-WWII economic prosperity. His defining work from this era is The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (published the same day as The Pump House Gang in 1968), which for many epitomized the 1960s. Although a conservative in many ways (in 2008, he claimed never to have used LSD and to have tried marijuana only once) Wolfe became one of the notable figures of the decade. In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party. \"Mau-Mauing The Flak Catchers\" was about the practice by some African Americans of using racial intimidation (\"mau-mauing\") to extract funds from government welfare bureaucrats (\"flak catchers\"). Wolfe's phrase, \"radical chic\", soon became a popular derogatory term for critics to apply to upper-class leftism. His Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine (1977) included Wolfe's noted essay, \"The Me Decade and the Third Great Awakening.\" In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the pilots who became America's first astronauts."], "answer": {"text": "\"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party.", "answer_start": 849}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#2", "question": "What is the black panther party", "rewrite": "What is the black panther party", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Black Panther (newspaper) The Black Panther was the official newspaper of the Black Panther Party. It began as a four-page newsletter in Oakland, California, in 1967, and was founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. It was the main publication of the party and was soon sold in several large cities across the United States, as well as having an international readership. The newspaper distributed information about the party's activities, and expressed through articles the ideology of the Black Panther Party, focusing on both international revolutions as inspiration and contemporary racial struggles of African Americans across the United States. The Black Panther Party maintained a commitment to community service including various \"survival programs\" developed by individual chapters that, by 1969, became part of the national party's \"serve the people program\" to connect their commitments to basic social services with community organizing and consciousness raising. The Black Panther Party's Intercommunal News Service published The Black Panther Party Newspaper as a critical part of its consciousness raising program. The Black Panther Party Newspaper is also known as The Black Panther Intercommunal News Service, Black Panther Black Community News Service, and Black Community News Service, was published by the Black Panther Party from 1967 to 1980. The newspaper was most popular from 1968-1972, and during this time sold a hundred thousand copies a week. An undergraduate student at San Francisco State, Judy Juanita, served as editor at The Black Panther Party Newspaper during the later 1960s. In 1969, two-thirds of Black Panther Party members were women. In its later years it was used to rally support for members of the party who became political prisoners. \"The BPP newspaper grew from a four-page newsletter to a full newspaper in about a year and [537] issues were printed\". Circulation was national and international.", "New Black Panther Party The New Black Panther Party (NBPP) is a U.S.-based black nationalist organization founded in Dallas, Texas, in 1989. Despite its name, the NBPP is not an official successor to the Black Panther Party. Members of the original Black Panther Party have insisted that the newer party is not legitimate and \"there is no new Black Panther Party\". The New Black Panther Party is currently led by Krystal Muhammad. Malik Zulu Shabazz announced on an October 14, 2013 online radio broadcast that he was stepping down and that Hashim Nzinga, then national chief of staff, would replace him. However this move created a schism within the group. A vote was held and Krystal Muhammad was elected leader of the group. However, those loyal to Nzinga left and formed a splinter group called the \"New Black Panther Party for Self Defence\" or \"NBPP SD\". The NBPP still upholds Khalid Abdul Muhammad as the \"de facto\" father of the movement. When former Nation of Islam (NOI) minister Khalid Abdul Muhammad became the national chairman of the NBPP from the late 1990s until his death in 2001, he, Shabazz, and many other breakaway members of the NOI followed Muhammad to the NBPP. In April 2010, Malik Zulu Shabazz appointed French Black leader K\u00e9mi S\u00e9ba as the representative of the movement in France. Capo Chichi has been holding the position of head of the francophone branch of the NBPP. The Anti-Defamation League, the Southern Poverty Law Center, and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights consider the New Black Panthers to be a hate group. In 1987, Michael McGee, an alderman in Milwaukee, threatened to disrupt white events throughout the city unless more jobs were created for black people.", "Founded in Oakland, California on October 15, 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, the party originally identified as the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, and called for the protection of Black neighborhoods from police brutality. Over time, the Party's beliefs and objectives evolved, and the Party developed as a Marxist group. It advocated arming all African Americans for self-defense, exempting African Americans from the draft and from all other sanctions of so-called white America, releasing all African Americans from jail because of bias in the system, and paying compensation to African Americans for the centuries of exploitation by White Americans during and after slavery. At its peak in the late 1960s, the Black Panther Party had more than two thousand members nationwide, and chapters located in several major American cities, including New York City, Chicago, New Orleans, and Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The founders of the Black Panther Party, Huey Lewis and Bobby Seale, created the Party's platform, called the Ten-Point Program. The Ten-Point Program consisted of ten statements advocating changes that would improve the lives of Blacks in the United States. Eric Brown and Harold Avent, two students at North Carolina Agriculture and Technical University, began to organize a Black Panther Party (BPP) in Greensboro in early 1969. Protests, altercations, and arrests motivated by the unofficial BPP in Greensboro caught the attention of Blacks all over North Carolina, with ideals spreading predominantly to Charlotte and Winston-Salem. Jerome Johnson, a student at Johnson C. Smith University spent the summer of 1968 in Oakland and joined the Black Panther Party there. When Jerome returned to JCSU for the 1968 fall semester he called a group of local activists together and along with Benjamin Chavis, Jr., a student at UNC Charlotte, a chapter of the Black Panther Party was organized in Charlotte.", "Black Panther Party The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a revolutionary political organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in October 1966 in Oakland, California. The party was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with chapters in numerous major cities, and international chapters operating in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and in Algeria from 1969 until 1972. At its inception on October 15, 1966, the Black Panther Party's core practice was its armed citizens' patrols to monitor the behavior of officers of the Oakland Police Department, a practice later known as \"copwatching\", and challenge police brutality in the city. In 1969, community social programs became a core activity of party members. The Black Panther Party instituted a variety of community social programs, most extensively the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, to address issues like food injustice, and community health clinics for education and treatment of diseases including sickle cell anemia, tuberculosis, and later HIV/AIDS. Black Panther Party members were involved in many fatal firefights with police: Huey Newton allegedly killed officer John Frey in 1967, and Eldridge Cleaver led an ambush in 1968 of Oakland police officers, in which two officers were wounded and Panther Bobby Hutton was killed. The party suffered many internal conflicts, resulting in the murders of Alex Rackley and Betty Van Patter. In 1967, the Mulford Act was passed by the California legislature and signed into law by governor Ronald Reagan, establishing strict gun laws that stripped legal ownership of firearms from Black Panther members and prevented all citizens, black and white, from carrying firearms in public. In 1969, Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover described the party as \"the greatest threat to the internal security of the country.\"", "If a black woman assumed a role of leadership, she was said to be eroding black manhood, to be hindering the progress of the black race. She was an enemy of the black people... I knew I had to muster something mighty to manage the Black Panther Party.\" During Brown's leadership of the Black Panther Party, she focused on electoral politics and community service. In 1977, she managed Lionel Wilson\u2019s victorious campaign to become Oakland\u2019s first black mayor. Also, Brown developed the Panther's Liberation School, which was recognized by the state of California as a model school. Brown stepped down from chairing the Black Panther Party less than a year after Newton\u2019s return from Cuba in 1977 when Newton authorized the beating of Regina Davis, an administrator of the Panther Liberation School, because she reprimanded a coworker when he did not do an assignment. This incident was the point at which Brown could no longer tolerate the sexism and patriarchy of the Black Panther Party. She left Oakland with her daughter, Ericka, and moved to Los Angeles. Brown recorded two albums, \"Seize the Time\" (Vault, 1969) and \"Until We're Free\" (Motown Records, 1973). \"Seize the Time\" includes \"The Meeting,\" the anthem of the Black Panther Party. After leaving the Black Panther Party in order to raise her daughter Ericka, Brown worked on her memoir, \"A Taste of Power\". She eventually returned to the struggle for black liberation, especially espousing the need for radical prison reform. From 1980 to 1983 she attended Southwestern University School of Law in Los Angeles. From 1990 to 1996, she lived in France. In 1996, Brown moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and founded Fields of Flowers, Inc., a non-profit organization committed to providing educational opportunities for impoverished African-American children."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were they about", "answer": {"text": "\"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party.", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#3", "question": "What did he do after those essays", "rewrite": "What did Tom Wolfe do after Radical Chic?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1965, Wolfe published a collection of his articles in this style, The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby, adding to his notability. He published a second collection of articles, The Pump House Gang, in 1968. Wolfe wrote on popular culture, architecture, politics, and other topics that underscored, among other things, how American life in the 1960s had been transformed by post-WWII economic prosperity. His defining work from this era is The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (published the same day as The Pump House Gang in 1968), which for many epitomized the 1960s. Although a conservative in many ways (in 2008, he claimed never to have used LSD and to have tried marijuana only once) Wolfe became one of the notable figures of the decade. In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party. \"Mau-Mauing The Flak Catchers\" was about the practice by some African Americans of using racial intimidation (\"mau-mauing\") to extract funds from government welfare bureaucrats (\"flak catchers\"). Wolfe's phrase, \"radical chic\", soon became a popular derogatory term for critics to apply to upper-class leftism. His Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine (1977) included Wolfe's noted essay, \"The Me Decade and the Third Great Awakening.\" In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the pilots who became America's first astronauts.", "Mauve Gloves &amp; Madmen, Clutter &amp; Vine  Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine is a 1976 book by Tom Wolfe, consisting of eleven essays and one short story that Wolfe wrote between 1967 and 1976. It includes the essay in which he coined the term \"the 'Me' Decade\" to refer to the 1970s. In addition to the stories, Wolfe also illustrated the book. \"Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\" was Wolfe's third collection of essays and short stories, following \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\" in 1965 and \"The Pump House Gang\" in 1968. Wolfe's 1970 book \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\" contained two lengthy essays and is not generally considered a collection. \" Mauve Gloves & Madmen, Clutter & Vine\" was published in 1976 by Wolfe's regular publisher Farrar, Straus & Giroux. The subjects of Wolfe's essays were considered less original than his previous efforts. When Wolfe wrote about the culture of surf gangs in \"The Pump House Gang\" or about stock car racing in \"The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby\" it was untrod ground. In \"Mauve Gloves\", Wolfe wrote about subjects that had been widely covered before and sought to bring his unique insight to old stories, rather than tell wholly original stories about unexplored subcultures. The primary theme of Wolfe's essays is the struggle for social status. Wolfe is particularly critical of the intelligentsia and the liberal elite, themes that he had previously explored in \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\".", "Radical chic \"Radical chic\" is a term coined by journalist Tom Wolfe in his 1970 essay \"Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's\" to describe the adoption and promotion of radical political causes by celebrities, socialites, and high society. In languages such as American English, French and Italian the term has become widely used to indicate people identifying themselves as socialists or radical leftists while conducting upper-class lifestyles. Unlike dedicated activists, revolutionaries, or dissenters, those who engage in \"radical chic\" remain frivolous political agitators\u2014ideologically invested in their cause of choice only so far as it advances their social standing. The concept has been described as \"an exercise in double-tracking one's public image: on the one hand, defining oneself through committed allegiance to a radical cause, but on the other, vitally, demonstrating this allegiance because it is the fashionable, \"au courant\" way to be seen in moneyed, name-conscious Society.\" \"Terrorist chic\" is a modern expression with similar connotations. This derivative, however, de-emphasizes the class satire of Wolfe's original term, instead accentuating concerns over the semiotics of radicalism (such as the aestheticization of violence). The phrase \"radical chic\" originated in a 1970 \"New York\" article by Tom Wolfe, titled \"Radical Chic: That Party at Lenny's\", which was later reprinted in his books \"Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\" and \"The Purple Decades\". In the essay, Wolfe used the term to satirize composer Leonard Bernstein and his friends for their absurdity in hosting a fundraising party for the Black Panthers\u2014an organization whose members, activities, and goals were clearly incongruous with those of Bernstein's elite circle.", "Tom Wolfe (woodcarver) Tom James Wolfe began woodcarving at the age of 12. He has become one of America's leading wood carvers with nearly 50 books in print with Schiffer Publications to date. Tom currently resides in Spruce Pine, NC and teaches classes several times a year at his workshop on Grandfather Mountain, as well as at the John C. Campbell School in Brasstown NC. In recent years Tom has taught classes in New Jersey, Tennessee, and Canada. Tom is a lifetime member of the Southern Highland Craft Guild, having been awarded this distinction in 2006, and can be found demonstrating and selling his original wood carvings at many of the Guilds shops several times throughout the year. Tom's main area of artistic exploration is what is referred to as Caricature Carving. He is a member of the Caricature Carvers of America (CCA), an association of like-minded artists who work to further the craft and the public's greater appreciation and understanding of it. Caricatures in Clay with Tom Wolfe <br> Basic Penknife Carving with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Traditional Woodspirits with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Bottlestoppers with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Canes & Walking Sticks with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Cigar Humidors with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Desperados with Tom Wolfe< br> Carving Down-Home Angels with Tom Wolfe< br> Carving From Roughouts with Tom Wolfe <br> Carving Gnomes with Tom Wolfe< br> Carving Out the Wild West with Tom Wolfe: The Saloon<br> Carving Santas for Today: With Tom Wolfe<br> Carving the Civil War: with Tom Wolfe<br> Carving Wizards with Tom Wolfe<br> Country Flat Carving with Tom Wolfe< br> Creative Canes & Walking Sticks: Carving with Tom Wolfe<br>", "Radical Chic &amp; Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers is a 1970 book by Tom Wolfe. The book, Wolfe's fourth, is composed of two articles by Wolfe, \"These Radical Chic Evenings\", first published in June 1970 in \"New York\" magazine, about a gathering Leonard Bernstein held for the Black Panther Party, and \"Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers\", about the response of many minorities to San Francisco's poverty programs. Both essays looked at the conflict between black rage and white guilt. The first piece is set in the duplex on Park Avenue in Manhattan inhabited by conductor Leonard Bernstein, his wife the actress Felicia Cohn Montealegre, and their three children. Bernstein assembled many of his wealthy socialite friends to meet with representatives of the controversial Black Panthers and discuss ways to help their cause. The party was a typical affair for Bernstein, a longtime Democrat, who was known for hosting civil rights leaders at such parties. The Bernsteins' usual staff of white South Americans served the party. Some of the Bernsteins' typical friends in the arts and guests in journalism (including Oscar-nominated director Otto Preminger and television reporter Barbara Walters) are labeled the \"radical chic\", as Wolfe characterizes them as pursuing radical ends for social reasons, partially because organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People had become mainstream. Wolfe's criticism is implicitly of the general phenomenon of white guilt and armchair agitation becoming facets of high fashion. When \"Time\" magazine later interviewed a minister of the Black Panthers about Bernstein's party, the official said of Wolfe: \"You mean that dirty, blatant, lying, racist dog who wrote that fascist disgusting thing in \"New York\" magazine?\""], "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff,", "answer_start": 1427}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were they about", "answer": {"text": "\"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party.", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the black panther party", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#4", "question": "What was that about", "rewrite": "What was The Right Stuff about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["You Got It (The Right Stuff) \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" is a 1988 single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg. The second single from the group's second album \"Hangin' Tough\", it peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Chart in early 1989, while topping the UK charts in November 1989. On the album, it was simply listed as \"The Right Stuff\"; the change to the single was likely to avoid confusion with Vanessa Williams' debut hit \"The Right Stuff\", which charted earlier that year. A Spanish version of the song was made (\"Autentica\") and peaked at number 11 in Spain. The single appeared in the Top 40 for the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart the week of January 14, 1989, rising from number 45 to 37. \" You Got It\" reached its peak of number 3 the week of March 11, 1989. Altogether, \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" spent 5 weeks in the Top 10, 8 weeks in the Top 20, and 13 weeks in the Top 40. The song was number one in Australia in August 1989, and in the UK (on its second release) in November 1989. On March 29, 1989 the single was certified Gold. \"You've Got It (The Right Stuff) \" is commonly regarded as one of the band's signature songs. In the music video, Jordan Knight is seen wearing a Bauhaus T-shirt. The song ranked as number 92 on VH1's 100 greatest songs of the 80's. The song can be heard in the 1989 film \"The Wizard\".", "The Right Stuff (dating web site) The Right Stuff is a dating service in New Jersey, in business since 1993. Membership is international, and limited to single students, graduates, and faculty, of medical schools, and of select universities and colleges. TIME Magazine mentioned it in a review of dating services, saying, \"If you\u2019re highly educated and seeking a highly educated partner, Right Stuff Dating ('The Ivy League of Dating') may be right for you.\" According to the Right Stuff web site, as of 2015, there are about 4,900 members, and 310 couples have met and married through the site. The Right Stuff conducted business via paper and United States postal service beginning in 1993. It advertised in magazines such as \"The New Yorker\", \"Boston\", \"New York\", \"Chicago\", and \"Philadelphia\" magazines, similar publications in Washington D.C., and California, and university alumni magazines for the target universities. The Right Stuff went to the web in 1997. Originally, membership was limited to affiliates of Ivy League, the Seven Sisters, MIT, Duke, Northwestern, Stanford,  Berkeley, Chicago, and Johns Hopkins. Over time, the list of eligible universities has expanded to about 70 top-tier schools, and any medical school. Competing niche sites targeting high intelligence or graduates of elite universities have either closed entirely, no longer work with current browsers, or are otherwise essentially moribund. These include docdates.com, fastcupid.com, intellectconnect.com, ivydate.com, mymitra.com, and sweetongeeks.com. As of July 2015, a six-month membership costs $75.00. The membership is discounted for full-time students, recent graduates, and residents of certain states.", "The Right Stuff (TV series) The Right Stuff is an upcoming American drama television miniseries, based on the book of the same name by Tom Wolfe, that is set to premiere in 2020 on National Geographic. \"The Right Stuff\" takes a \"gritty, anti-nostalgic look at what would become America's first reality show as the obsessive original Mercury Seven astronauts and their families become instant celebrities in a competition that will either kill them or make them immortal. The one-hour drama will follow the protagonists from the Mojave Desert to the edges of space, with future seasons carrying through to humankind\u2019s greatest achievement: the moon landing.\" Starring: On July 25, 2017, it was announced that National Geographic was partnering with Appian Way Productions and Warner Horizon Television to option the screen rights to Tom Wolfe's 1979 novel \"The Right Stuff\". The series was set to be written by Will Staples who was also expected to executive produce alongside Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Davisson. On February 10, 2019, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual winter press tour that National Geographic had given the production a series order. David Nutter was expected to direct the premiere episode. Additional executive producers were set to include Mark Lafferty and Lizzie Mickery with Lafferty also serving as showrunner. On May 31, 2019, Patrick J. Adams had been cast in the series lead role of John Glenn. On June 14, 2019, Jake McDorman and Colin O'Donoghue were cast as Alan Shepard and Gordon Cooper, respectively. On June 21, 2019, Eric Ladin, Patrick Fischler, Nora Zehetner, Eloise Mumford, Shannon Lucio, and Josh Cooke joined the cast. On August 19, 2019, Danny Strong was cast as NASA Spokesman John A. \"Shorty\" Powers.", "The Right Stuff (Vanessa Williams song) \"The Right Stuff\" is a song recorded by American singer Vanessa Williams from her 1988 debut album of the same name. The crossover single was very successful and became a top-five hit on the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, as well as making the US Hot 100. \" The Right Stuff\" also went to number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart for one week. It peaked at number 71 on the UK Singles Chart and re-entered the charts in 1989, this time peaking at number 62 with a remixed version. The video for \"The Right Stuff\" was filmed in Baton Rouge and New Orleans.", "The Right Stuff (book) The Right Stuff is a 1979 book by Tom Wolfe about the pilots engaged in U.S. postwar research with experimental rocket-powered, high-speed aircraft as well as documenting the stories of the first Project Mercury astronauts selected for the NASA space program. \" The Right Stuff\" is based on extensive research by Wolfe, who interviewed test pilots, the astronauts and their wives, among others. The story contrasts the \"Mercury Seven\" and their families with test pilots such as Chuck Yeager, who was considered by many contemporaries as the best of them all, but who was never selected as an astronaut. Wolfe wrote that the book was inspired by the desire to find out why the astronauts accepted the danger of space flight. He recounts the enormous risks that test pilots were already taking, and the mental and physical characteristics\u2014the titular \"right stuff\"\u2014required for and reinforced by their jobs. Wolfe likens the astronauts to \"single combat warriors\" from an earlier era who received the honor and adoration of their people before going forth to fight on their behalf. The book was adapted as a film of the same name in 1983. A television series has entered into production with National Geographic scheduled for release in 2020. In 1972 Jann Wenner, the editor of \"Rolling Stone,\" assigned Wolfe to cover the launch of NASA's last Moon mission, Apollo 17. Wolfe became fascinated with the astronauts, and his competitive spirit compelled him to try to outdo Norman Mailer's nonfiction book about the first Moon mission, \"Of a Fire on the Moon\". He published a four-part series for \"Rolling Stone\" in 1973 titled \"Post-Orbital Remorse\", about the depression that some astronauts experienced after having been in space."], "answer": {"text": "an account of the pilots who became America's first astronauts.", "answer_start": 1469}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were they about", "answer": {"text": "\"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party.", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the black panther party", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after those essays", "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff,", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#5", "question": "Did the book sell well", "rewrite": "Did the Right Stuff sell well", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Right Stuff (Vanessa Williams song) \"The Right Stuff\" is a song recorded by American singer Vanessa Williams from her 1988 debut album of the same name. The crossover single was very successful and became a top-five hit on the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, as well as making the US Hot 100. \" The Right Stuff\" also went to number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart for one week. It peaked at number 71 on the UK Singles Chart and re-entered the charts in 1989, this time peaking at number 62 with a remixed version. The video for \"The Right Stuff\" was filmed in Baton Rouge and New Orleans.", "You Got It (The Right Stuff) \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" is a 1988 single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg. The second single from the group's second album \"Hangin' Tough\", it peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Chart in early 1989, while topping the UK charts in November 1989. On the album, it was simply listed as \"The Right Stuff\"; the change to the single was likely to avoid confusion with Vanessa Williams' debut hit \"The Right Stuff\", which charted earlier that year. A Spanish version of the song was made (\"Autentica\") and peaked at number 11 in Spain. The single appeared in the Top 40 for the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart the week of January 14, 1989, rising from number 45 to 37. \" You Got It\" reached its peak of number 3 the week of March 11, 1989. Altogether, \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" spent 5 weeks in the Top 10, 8 weeks in the Top 20, and 13 weeks in the Top 40. The song was number one in Australia in August 1989, and in the UK (on its second release) in November 1989. On March 29, 1989 the single was certified Gold. \"You've Got It (The Right Stuff) \" is commonly regarded as one of the band's signature songs. In the music video, Jordan Knight is seen wearing a Bauhaus T-shirt. The song ranked as number 92 on VH1's 100 greatest songs of the 80's. The song can be heard in the 1989 film \"The Wizard\".", "The Right Stuff (dating web site) The Right Stuff is a dating service in New Jersey, in business since 1993. Membership is international, and limited to single students, graduates, and faculty, of medical schools, and of select universities and colleges. TIME Magazine mentioned it in a review of dating services, saying, \"If you\u2019re highly educated and seeking a highly educated partner, Right Stuff Dating ('The Ivy League of Dating') may be right for you.\" According to the Right Stuff web site, as of 2015, there are about 4,900 members, and 310 couples have met and married through the site. The Right Stuff conducted business via paper and United States postal service beginning in 1993. It advertised in magazines such as \"The New Yorker\", \"Boston\", \"New York\", \"Chicago\", and \"Philadelphia\" magazines, similar publications in Washington D.C., and California, and university alumni magazines for the target universities. The Right Stuff went to the web in 1997. Originally, membership was limited to affiliates of Ivy League, the Seven Sisters, MIT, Duke, Northwestern, Stanford,  Berkeley, Chicago, and Johns Hopkins. Over time, the list of eligible universities has expanded to about 70 top-tier schools, and any medical school. Competing niche sites targeting high intelligence or graduates of elite universities have either closed entirely, no longer work with current browsers, or are otherwise essentially moribund. These include docdates.com, fastcupid.com, intellectconnect.com, ivydate.com, mymitra.com, and sweetongeeks.com. As of July 2015, a six-month membership costs $75.00. The membership is discounted for full-time students, recent graduates, and residents of certain states.", "The Right Stuff (TV series) The Right Stuff is an upcoming American drama television miniseries, based on the book of the same name by Tom Wolfe, that is set to premiere in 2020 on National Geographic. \"The Right Stuff\" takes a \"gritty, anti-nostalgic look at what would become America's first reality show as the obsessive original Mercury Seven astronauts and their families become instant celebrities in a competition that will either kill them or make them immortal. The one-hour drama will follow the protagonists from the Mojave Desert to the edges of space, with future seasons carrying through to humankind\u2019s greatest achievement: the moon landing.\" Starring: On July 25, 2017, it was announced that National Geographic was partnering with Appian Way Productions and Warner Horizon Television to option the screen rights to Tom Wolfe's 1979 novel \"The Right Stuff\". The series was set to be written by Will Staples who was also expected to executive produce alongside Leonardo DiCaprio and Jennifer Davisson. On February 10, 2019, it was announced during the Television Critics Association's annual winter press tour that National Geographic had given the production a series order. David Nutter was expected to direct the premiere episode. Additional executive producers were set to include Mark Lafferty and Lizzie Mickery with Lafferty also serving as showrunner. On May 31, 2019, Patrick J. Adams had been cast in the series lead role of John Glenn. On June 14, 2019, Jake McDorman and Colin O'Donoghue were cast as Alan Shepard and Gordon Cooper, respectively. On June 21, 2019, Eric Ladin, Patrick Fischler, Nora Zehetner, Eloise Mumford, Shannon Lucio, and Josh Cooke joined the cast. On August 19, 2019, Danny Strong was cast as NASA Spokesman John A. \"Shorty\" Powers.", "The Right Stuff (book) The Right Stuff is a 1979 book by Tom Wolfe about the pilots engaged in U.S. postwar research with experimental rocket-powered, high-speed aircraft as well as documenting the stories of the first Project Mercury astronauts selected for the NASA space program. \" The Right Stuff\" is based on extensive research by Wolfe, who interviewed test pilots, the astronauts and their wives, among others. The story contrasts the \"Mercury Seven\" and their families with test pilots such as Chuck Yeager, who was considered by many contemporaries as the best of them all, but who was never selected as an astronaut. Wolfe wrote that the book was inspired by the desire to find out why the astronauts accepted the danger of space flight. He recounts the enormous risks that test pilots were already taking, and the mental and physical characteristics\u2014the titular \"right stuff\"\u2014required for and reinforced by their jobs. Wolfe likens the astronauts to \"single combat warriors\" from an earlier era who received the honor and adoration of their people before going forth to fight on their behalf. The book was adapted as a film of the same name in 1983. A television series has entered into production with National Geographic scheduled for release in 2020. In 1972 Jann Wenner, the editor of \"Rolling Stone,\" assigned Wolfe to cover the launch of NASA's last Moon mission, Apollo 17. Wolfe became fascinated with the astronauts, and his competitive spirit compelled him to try to outdo Norman Mailer's nonfiction book about the first Moon mission, \"Of a Fire on the Moon\". He published a four-part series for \"Rolling Stone\" in 1973 titled \"Post-Orbital Remorse\", about the depression that some astronauts experienced after having been in space."], "answer": {"text": "In 1983, the book was adapted as a successful feature film.", "answer_start": 205}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were they about", "answer": {"text": "\"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party.", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the black panther party", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after those essays", "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff,", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was that about", "answer": {"text": "an account of the pilots who became America's first astronauts.", "answer_start": 1469, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#6", "question": "was the film popular", "rewrite": "was the film The Right Stuff popular", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Right Stuff (Vanessa Williams song) \"The Right Stuff\" is a song recorded by American singer Vanessa Williams from her 1988 debut album of the same name. The crossover single was very successful and became a top-five hit on the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, as well as making the US Hot 100. \" The Right Stuff\" also went to number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart for one week. It peaked at number 71 on the UK Singles Chart and re-entered the charts in 1989, this time peaking at number 62 with a remixed version. The video for \"The Right Stuff\" was filmed in Baton Rouge and New Orleans.", "It was given a limited release on October 21, 1983, in 229 theaters, grossing $1.6 million on its opening weekend. It went into wide release on February 17, 1984, in 627 theaters where it grossed an additional $1.6 million on that weekend. But despite this, the movie bombed at the box office with $21.1 million. The failure of this and \"Twice Upon a Time\" caused The Ladd Company to shut down. As part of the promotion for the film, Veronica Cartwright, Chuck Yeager, Gordon Cooper, Scott Glenn and Dennis Quaid appeared in 1983 at ConStellation, the 41st World Science Fiction Convention in Baltimore. \"The Right Stuff\" received overwhelming acclaim from critics. The film holds a 98% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 48 reviews. Film critic Roger Ebert named \"The Right Stuff\" best film of 1983, and wrote, \"it joins a short list of recent American movies that might be called experimental epics: movies that have an ambitious reach through time and subject matter, that spend freely for locations or special effects, but that consider each scene as intently as an art film\". He later named it one of the best films of the decade and wrote, \"\"The Right Stuff\" is a greater film because it is not a straightforward historical account but pulls back to chronicle the transition from Yeager and other test pilots to a mighty public relations enterprise\". He later put it at #2 on his 10 best of the 1980s, behind Martin Scorsese's \"Raging Bull\". Gene Siskel, Ebert's co-host of \" At the Movies\", also named \"The Right Stuff\" the best film of 1983, and said \"It's a great film, and I hope everyone sees it.\"", "The Right Stuff (dating web site) The Right Stuff is a dating service in New Jersey, in business since 1993. Membership is international, and limited to single students, graduates, and faculty, of medical schools, and of select universities and colleges. TIME Magazine mentioned it in a review of dating services, saying, \"If you\u2019re highly educated and seeking a highly educated partner, Right Stuff Dating ('The Ivy League of Dating') may be right for you.\" According to the Right Stuff web site, as of 2015, there are about 4,900 members, and 310 couples have met and married through the site. The Right Stuff conducted business via paper and United States postal service beginning in 1993. It advertised in magazines such as \"The New Yorker\", \"Boston\", \"New York\", \"Chicago\", and \"Philadelphia\" magazines, similar publications in Washington D.C., and California, and university alumni magazines for the target universities. The Right Stuff went to the web in 1997. Originally, membership was limited to affiliates of Ivy League, the Seven Sisters, MIT, Duke, Northwestern, Stanford,  Berkeley, Chicago, and Johns Hopkins. Over time, the list of eligible universities has expanded to about 70 top-tier schools, and any medical school. Competing niche sites targeting high intelligence or graduates of elite universities have either closed entirely, no longer work with current browsers, or are otherwise essentially moribund. These include docdates.com, fastcupid.com, intellectconnect.com, ivydate.com, mymitra.com, and sweetongeeks.com. As of July 2015, a six-month membership costs $75.00. The membership is discounted for full-time students, recent graduates, and residents of certain states.", "You Got It (The Right Stuff) \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" is a 1988 single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg. The second single from the group's second album \"Hangin' Tough\", it peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Chart in early 1989, while topping the UK charts in November 1989. On the album, it was simply listed as \"The Right Stuff\"; the change to the single was likely to avoid confusion with Vanessa Williams' debut hit \"The Right Stuff\", which charted earlier that year. A Spanish version of the song was made (\"Autentica\") and peaked at number 11 in Spain. The single appeared in the Top 40 for the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart the week of January 14, 1989, rising from number 45 to 37. \" You Got It\" reached its peak of number 3 the week of March 11, 1989. Altogether, \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" spent 5 weeks in the Top 10, 8 weeks in the Top 20, and 13 weeks in the Top 40. The song was number one in Australia in August 1989, and in the UK (on its second release) in November 1989. On March 29, 1989 the single was certified Gold. \"You've Got It (The Right Stuff) \" is commonly regarded as one of the band's signature songs. In the music video, Jordan Knight is seen wearing a Bauhaus T-shirt. The song ranked as number 92 on VH1's 100 greatest songs of the 80's. The song can be heard in the 1989 film \"The Wizard\".", "The Right Stuff (book) The Right Stuff is a 1979 book by Tom Wolfe about the pilots engaged in U.S. postwar research with experimental rocket-powered, high-speed aircraft as well as documenting the stories of the first Project Mercury astronauts selected for the NASA space program. \" The Right Stuff\" is based on extensive research by Wolfe, who interviewed test pilots, the astronauts and their wives, among others. The story contrasts the \"Mercury Seven\" and their families with test pilots such as Chuck Yeager, who was considered by many contemporaries as the best of them all, but who was never selected as an astronaut. Wolfe wrote that the book was inspired by the desire to find out why the astronauts accepted the danger of space flight. He recounts the enormous risks that test pilots were already taking, and the mental and physical characteristics\u2014the titular \"right stuff\"\u2014required for and reinforced by their jobs. Wolfe likens the astronauts to \"single combat warriors\" from an earlier era who received the honor and adoration of their people before going forth to fight on their behalf. The book was adapted as a film of the same name in 1983. A television series has entered into production with National Geographic scheduled for release in 2020. In 1972 Jann Wenner, the editor of \"Rolling Stone,\" assigned Wolfe to cover the launch of NASA's last Moon mission, Apollo 17. Wolfe became fascinated with the astronauts, and his competitive spirit compelled him to try to outdo Norman Mailer's nonfiction book about the first Moon mission, \"Of a Fire on the Moon\". He published a four-part series for \"Rolling Stone\" in 1973 titled \"Post-Orbital Remorse\", about the depression that some astronauts experienced after having been in space."], "answer": {"text": "a successful feature film.", "answer_start": 238}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were they about", "answer": {"text": "\"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party.", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the black panther party", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after those essays", "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff,", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was that about", "answer": {"text": "an account of the pilots who became America's first astronauts.", "answer_start": 1469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the book sell well", "answer": {"text": "In 1983, the book was adapted as a successful feature film.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_46e725a7708748aca24f42541dfad9f4_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article, other than The Right Stuff?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["It was given a limited release on October 21, 1983, in 229 theaters, grossing $1.6 million on its opening weekend. It went into wide release on February 17, 1984, in 627 theaters where it grossed an additional $1.6 million on that weekend. But despite this, the movie bombed at the box office with $21.1 million. The failure of this and \"Twice Upon a Time\" caused The Ladd Company to shut down. As part of the promotion for the film, Veronica Cartwright, Chuck Yeager, Gordon Cooper, Scott Glenn and Dennis Quaid appeared in 1983 at ConStellation, the 41st World Science Fiction Convention in Baltimore. \"The Right Stuff\" received overwhelming acclaim from critics. The film holds a 98% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 48 reviews. Film critic Roger Ebert named \"The Right Stuff\" best film of 1983, and wrote, \"it joins a short list of recent American movies that might be called experimental epics: movies that have an ambitious reach through time and subject matter, that spend freely for locations or special effects, but that consider each scene as intently as an art film\". He later named it one of the best films of the decade and wrote, \"\"The Right Stuff\" is a greater film because it is not a straightforward historical account but pulls back to chronicle the transition from Yeager and other test pilots to a mighty public relations enterprise\". He later put it at #2 on his 10 best of the 1980s, behind Martin Scorsese's \"Raging Bull\". Gene Siskel, Ebert's co-host of \" At the Movies\", also named \"The Right Stuff\" the best film of 1983, and said \"It's a great film, and I hope everyone sees it.\"", "The Right Stuff (dating web site) The Right Stuff is a dating service in New Jersey, in business since 1993. Membership is international, and limited to single students, graduates, and faculty, of medical schools, and of select universities and colleges. TIME Magazine mentioned it in a review of dating services, saying, \"If you\u2019re highly educated and seeking a highly educated partner, Right Stuff Dating ('The Ivy League of Dating') may be right for you.\" According to the Right Stuff web site, as of 2015, there are about 4,900 members, and 310 couples have met and married through the site. The Right Stuff conducted business via paper and United States postal service beginning in 1993. It advertised in magazines such as \"The New Yorker\", \"Boston\", \"New York\", \"Chicago\", and \"Philadelphia\" magazines, similar publications in Washington D.C., and California, and university alumni magazines for the target universities. The Right Stuff went to the web in 1997. Originally, membership was limited to affiliates of Ivy League, the Seven Sisters, MIT, Duke, Northwestern, Stanford,  Berkeley, Chicago, and Johns Hopkins. Over time, the list of eligible universities has expanded to about 70 top-tier schools, and any medical school. Competing niche sites targeting high intelligence or graduates of elite universities have either closed entirely, no longer work with current browsers, or are otherwise essentially moribund. These include docdates.com, fastcupid.com, intellectconnect.com, ivydate.com, mymitra.com, and sweetongeeks.com. As of July 2015, a six-month membership costs $75.00. The membership is discounted for full-time students, recent graduates, and residents of certain states.", "The Right Stuff (book) The Right Stuff is a 1979 book by Tom Wolfe about the pilots engaged in U.S. postwar research with experimental rocket-powered, high-speed aircraft as well as documenting the stories of the first Project Mercury astronauts selected for the NASA space program. \" The Right Stuff\" is based on extensive research by Wolfe, who interviewed test pilots, the astronauts and their wives, among others. The story contrasts the \"Mercury Seven\" and their families with test pilots such as Chuck Yeager, who was considered by many contemporaries as the best of them all, but who was never selected as an astronaut. Wolfe wrote that the book was inspired by the desire to find out why the astronauts accepted the danger of space flight. He recounts the enormous risks that test pilots were already taking, and the mental and physical characteristics\u2014the titular \"right stuff\"\u2014required for and reinforced by their jobs. Wolfe likens the astronauts to \"single combat warriors\" from an earlier era who received the honor and adoration of their people before going forth to fight on their behalf. The book was adapted as a film of the same name in 1983. A television series has entered into production with National Geographic scheduled for release in 2020. In 1972 Jann Wenner, the editor of \"Rolling Stone,\" assigned Wolfe to cover the launch of NASA's last Moon mission, Apollo 17. Wolfe became fascinated with the astronauts, and his competitive spirit compelled him to try to outdo Norman Mailer's nonfiction book about the first Moon mission, \"Of a Fire on the Moon\". He published a four-part series for \"Rolling Stone\" in 1973 titled \"Post-Orbital Remorse\", about the depression that some astronauts experienced after having been in space.", "The Right Stuff (Vanessa Williams song) \"The Right Stuff\" is a song recorded by American singer Vanessa Williams from her 1988 debut album of the same name. The crossover single was very successful and became a top-five hit on the US Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs chart, as well as making the US Hot 100. \" The Right Stuff\" also went to number one on the US Dance Club Songs chart for one week. It peaked at number 71 on the UK Singles Chart and re-entered the charts in 1989, this time peaking at number 62 with a remixed version. The video for \"The Right Stuff\" was filmed in Baton Rouge and New Orleans.", "You Got It (The Right Stuff) \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" is a 1988 single from New Kids on the Block. The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg. The second single from the group's second album \"Hangin' Tough\", it peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 Singles Chart in early 1989, while topping the UK charts in November 1989. On the album, it was simply listed as \"The Right Stuff\"; the change to the single was likely to avoid confusion with Vanessa Williams' debut hit \"The Right Stuff\", which charted earlier that year. A Spanish version of the song was made (\"Autentica\") and peaked at number 11 in Spain. The single appeared in the Top 40 for the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart the week of January 14, 1989, rising from number 45 to 37. \" You Got It\" reached its peak of number 3 the week of March 11, 1989. Altogether, \"You Got It (The Right Stuff)\" spent 5 weeks in the Top 10, 8 weeks in the Top 20, and 13 weeks in the Top 40. The song was number one in Australia in August 1989, and in the UK (on its second release) in November 1989. On March 29, 1989 the single was certified Gold. \"You've Got It (The Right Stuff) \" is commonly regarded as one of the band's signature songs. In the music video, Jordan Knight is seen wearing a Bauhaus T-shirt. The song ranked as number 92 on VH1's 100 greatest songs of the 80's. The song can be heard in the 1989 film \"The Wizard\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 2016 Wolfe published The Kingdom of Speech, a controversial critique of the work of Charles Darwin and Noam Chomsky.", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Tom Wolfe's first non-fiction book", "answer": {"text": "In 1970, he published two essays in book form as Radical Chic & Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers. \"", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were they about", "answer": {"text": "\"Radical Chic\" was a biting account of a party given by composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein to raise money for the Black Panther Party.", "answer_start": 849, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the black panther party", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after those essays", "answer": {"text": "In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff,", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was that about", "answer": {"text": "an account of the pilots who became America's first astronauts.", "answer_start": 1469, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the book sell well", "answer": {"text": "In 1983, the book was adapted as a successful feature film.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was the film popular", "answer": {"text": "a successful feature film.", "answer_start": 238, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0dd521a55de449a4b87a29d550b59837_0_q#0", "question": "What is Excelsior?", "rewrite": "What is Excelsior?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Excelsior District, San Francisco The Excelsior District is a neighborhood in San Francisco, California. The Excelsior District is located along Mission Street, east of San Jose Ave, south of Interstate 280 Southern Fwy, west of John McLaren Park, and somewhat north of Geneva Avenue. Neighborhoods within the Excelsior District include the Excelsior Neighborhood itself, Mission Terrace, Outer Mission neighborhood, Portola, & Crocker Amazon. On April 15, 1869, the Excelsior Homestead was filed at city hall. The record is in books \u201cC\u201d and \u201cD\u201d and in the book of city maps on page 129. This map section showing the area called the Excelsior can be found in \"Bancroft's Official Guide Map of City and County of San Francisco\". This map indicates that the Excelsior area was previously part of the Rancho Rincon de las Salinas y Potrero Viejo. Rancho Rincon de las Salinas y Potrero Viejo later became known as Southern San Francisco on city maps, not to be confused with the town of South San Francisco. The Southern San Francisco area referred to everything south and central along with the eastern bent of Mission Street and District. The neighborhood extends to its end at the county line. Over the years, as the southern end of San Francisco was developed, the city created Major neighborhoods & Districts within the area, and these were given names that appeared on city maps. These are: Bernal Heights, Ingleside, The Excelsior District, Visitacion Valley & The Bay View District. As the city grew, The Excelsior District was developed further, and it was split into even smaller sub-neighborhoods useful for Real Estate. Some of these given names are: the Excelsior neighborhood \"itself\", Mission Terrace, the Outer Mission neighborhood, Portola, and Crocker Amazon.", "As football was still an elite sport at the beginning of the 20th century, Excelsior became one of the first working class clubs in the Netherlands. In the season 1945\u201346, Excelsior gained their first success by promoting to the Eerste Klasse, the highest tier of Dutch football before professional football was introduced in 1954. The deciding match against VUC was played in De Kuip and attracted 52.000 spectators. Excelsior relegated in the next season, but managed to promote for the second time in the season 1951\u201352. After the introduction of professional football, Excelsior won the Eerste Divisie championship three times (1974, 1979 and 2006) and promoted to the Eredivisie various times, usually to relegate not long afterwards. Excelsior once reached the KNVB Cup final in the season 1929\u201330, but lost the match to fellow Rotterdam club Feyenoord (0\u20131). Excelsior's biggest pre-war achievement was the win of the Zilveren Bal trophy. Excelsior beat Feyenoord (5\u20130) in the finals of the highly rated pre-season tournament. Besides Excelsior, there are two more professional clubs from Rotterdam; Feyenoord and Sparta. Being the smallest professional club in Rotterdam, Excelsior always had to be creative to survive. This creativity made Excelsior play a pioneering role within Dutch football. In the mid-fifties, Excelsior were the leading club behind the introduction of professional football in the Netherlands. When the KNVB continued to refuse payments in football, Excelsior chairman Henk Zon and board member Aad Libregts managed to persuade association president Hans Hopster, in cooperation with the directors of Feyenoord, Sparta and ADO Den Haag.", "The biggest one is Jerry Day, which celebrates Jerry Garcia (frontman of the Grateful Dead) and typically draws thousands of residents, former residents, Deadheads, and other revelers to John McLaren Park and the Jerry Garcia Amphitheater, which is bordered by the Excelsior, Visitacion Valley, and Portola districts. This annual event typically occurs in August. The Excelsior Festival draws hundreds to Mission Street to celebrate the neighborhood's assets such as its cultural diversity, food and to draw people together in a family-friendly environment for music, shopping and fun. The Excelsior Festival is typically held on the first Sunday in October. The Excelsior District Annual Car Show, which takes place in Excelsior Park each year and typically in October brings together hundreds of locals residents to celebrate the Chicano Cholo culture & Irish, Italian roots of the Excelsior District. Displays of low riders and Muscle cars line the street of Madrid, food, vendors, live local rap artist performances all take place within Excelsior Park. The Excelsior District Car Show originated when Jim Espinoza, while working with the neighborhood youth, created an organization called The Excelsior Youth Club (there is a mural in the Excelsior Park basketball court with Jim Espinoza along with some of the members of The Excelsior Youth Club). In more recent years, Diane Wunderlich, former Secretary of The Excelsior Youth Club, brought the car show back. Both Jim and Diane have always been heavily involved in the preservation of the neighborhood culture. Also, photographer, Travis Jensen (http://travisjensenphoto.com/excelsior), is currently working on a photo book called \"Forever Upward\", in which he highlights \"San Francisco\u2019s eclectic Excelsior District, one of the last true neighborhoods in The City.", "American Excelsior Company American Excelsior Company is headquartered in Arlington, Texas and was established in the year 1888. American Excelsior Company is a manufacturer and distributor of packed, cushioned and engineered products for flexible foams, erosion control, and wood fibers. Inventors of Erosion Control Blankets \u2013 \u201cCurlex\u00ae\u201d. The company was formed when H.W. Selle Company and Excelsior Wrapper Company was merged. In 1929, Excelsior Wrapper Company, H.W. Selle Company and their associated companies were consolidated under one company, and one name: American Excelsior Corporation. The company started a producer of wood excelsior (Wood wool). From 1969 - 2014, the American Excelsior Company have a total of 5 patent grants originating in Wisconsin. From 2000 - 2013, the company got a total of 3 patent grants originating in Non Metro/Micropolitan Statistical Areas, WI. According to NAICS Industry Classification from 2008 - 2012, the company had a total of 5 patent grants. American Excelsior participated on a feasibility study, entitled \"Feasibility Study of an Erosion Control Laboratory in New England\". The company was mentioned by Virginia Department of Forestry on its document entitled \"Potential Value-added Products from Wildfire Fuel Mitigation Projects in Eastern Virginia\", stating that company can help on erosion control through its products and services. These are the products of American Excelsior. Excelsior Blanket Straw Blanket Bio- Net Blanket Turf Reinforcement Mats", "A majority of the Excelsior fans have always been against a partnership with Feyenoord. Michel van der Neut, chairman of Excelsior's supporters club, claimed: \"Excelsior sold her soul with the extended partnership. Excelsior simply stops existing this way.\" In 2010 Excelsior returned to the highest tier of Dutch football, after defeating crosstown rival Sparta Rotterdam in the final of the Eredivisie promotion/relegation play-offs. The team was mostly composed by Feyenoord loanees and was coached by former Feyenoord youth coach Alex Pastoor. In the 2010\u201311 season Excelsior made a flying start in the Eredivisie, gaining ten points in its first five matches, including a home victory in the Rotterdam derby against Feyenoord (3\u20132). In the remainder of the season, Excelsior upset some of the larger league teams at home, winning against AZ and getting draws against Groningen and eventual league champions Ajax. In the final match of the regular season, Excelsior got a 4\u20131 win away at Vitesse Arnhem, a result that left them one goal short of staying up. Finishing 16th, Excelsior had to face FC Den Bosch and Helmond Sport in the relegation / promotion play-offs. A 4\u20132 home win against Helmond sport ensured another season of Eredivisie football for Excelsior. Excelsior finished bottom of the table in the Eredivisie at the end of the 2011\u201312 season, managing only four wins in 34 matches. The club was again relegated to the Eerste Divisie. Excelsior's home venue is Stadion Woudestein, which has a capacity of 3,531 seats, one of the smallest stadiums hosting professional football in the Netherlands."], "answer": {"text": "Excelsior volume. It included Noaptea de mai, which Vianu sees as \"one of the [vernacular's] most beautiful poems\"", "answer_start": 114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0dd521a55de449a4b87a29d550b59837_0_q#1", "question": "How many poems does it include?", "rewrite": "How many poems does Excelsior include?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The biggest one is Jerry Day, which celebrates Jerry Garcia (frontman of the Grateful Dead) and typically draws thousands of residents, former residents, Deadheads, and other revelers to John McLaren Park and the Jerry Garcia Amphitheater, which is bordered by the Excelsior, Visitacion Valley, and Portola districts. This annual event typically occurs in August. The Excelsior Festival draws hundreds to Mission Street to celebrate the neighborhood's assets such as its cultural diversity, food and to draw people together in a family-friendly environment for music, shopping and fun. The Excelsior Festival is typically held on the first Sunday in October. The Excelsior District Annual Car Show, which takes place in Excelsior Park each year and typically in October brings together hundreds of locals residents to celebrate the Chicano Cholo culture & Irish, Italian roots of the Excelsior District. Displays of low riders and Muscle cars line the street of Madrid, food, vendors, live local rap artist performances all take place within Excelsior Park. The Excelsior District Car Show originated when Jim Espinoza, while working with the neighborhood youth, created an organization called The Excelsior Youth Club (there is a mural in the Excelsior Park basketball court with Jim Espinoza along with some of the members of The Excelsior Youth Club). In more recent years, Diane Wunderlich, former Secretary of The Excelsior Youth Club, brought the car show back. Both Jim and Diane have always been heavily involved in the preservation of the neighborhood culture. Also, photographer, Travis Jensen (http://travisjensenphoto.com/excelsior), is currently working on a photo book called \"Forever Upward\", in which he highlights \"San Francisco\u2019s eclectic Excelsior District, one of the last true neighborhoods in The City.", "However, several colonies have chosen to withdraw from the Commonwealth by severing their wormhole connection. Death may be postponed indefinitely in the Commonwealth. Most Commonwealth citizens have a memory crystal (which has been invented in the events of \"Misspent Youth\") inserted at the base of the brain which is able to record memories including those before insertion. Commonwealth citizens undergo a process called rejuvenation, approximately every thirty to fifty years (also introduced in \"Misspent Youth\"). Rejuvenation is an intense process which leaves the subject's body aged around 20 with adjustment made for personal preference. Citizens can also create backups of memories which are placed in safe environment, called their \"secure store\". In the event of a fatal accident or premature death, a clone of the person is created and the stored memories of the original are inserted. If the memory crystal of the death is still intact, all the memories, including the one of the pain of the death itself, are reinjected into the clone. This is the \"re-life\" process, which effectively makes all humans equipped with a memory crystal immortal. Even if still threatened by the loss of their body, the memory crystal implant and \"secure store\" enable a seamless transition between 'death' and any given human's next life. Not all humans, however, have chosen these implants. In particular, rebels of Far Away are usually not implanted. Most Commonwealth citizens must pay for rejuvenation insurance, similar to superannuation, although some citizens elect to forgo rejuvenation altogether. Rejuvenation is said to be akin to starting a new life, with those who have undergone the process being referred to as second-lifers, third-lifers, and so on. Psychologically, some people tend to shake off the responsibilities of their previous life including employment and marriage.", "Christopher of Mytilene  Christophoros of Mytilene (, \"Christophoros Mytilenaios\"; ca. 1000 \u2013 after 1050) was a Greek-language poet living in the first half of the 11th century. His works include poems on various subjects and four Christian calendars. Christopher was born in Constantinople, and lived in the neighbourhood Sphorakiou for most of his lifetime. He was an important official, holding high ranks such as \"patrikios\", \"protospatharios\", and \"krites\" (judge) of the themes of Armeniakon and Paphlagonia. Events described in his poems suggest that he started writing in the reign of Romanos III (1028\u20131034), but most poems can be dated to the reign of Constantine IX (1042\u20131055), an emperor who favoured culture and literature. Various Verses (\u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9) is the title of his collection of 145 poems, which covers a wide range of genres and topics. The collection seems to have been arranged chronologically. The text of many poems is severely damaged. The metre of most poems is the dodecasyllable, but for some Christopher uses the dactylic hexameter. Their language is an artificial Homeric Greek. Elegiac couplets and anacreontics occur as well. The content of these poems is very heterogeneous. The most remarkable among them are satirical. In these poems Christopher makes fun of unsuccessful chariot drivers, cheated husbands, hypocritical monks, pseudo-intellectuals, etc. Other poems are directed against the mice devouring his books, and an owl that prevents him from sleeping. Many poems are epigrams with a religious content, touching on Biblical figures or Christian feasts.", "Burnett charged that \u201cThe text of many poems was misrepresented: poems not completed by Housman were printed as though complete; versions he cancelled were reinstated; separate texts were conflated; and many poems were mistranscribed from the manuscripts.\u201d Several poems in Laurence's selection for \"More Poems\" had already been considered by Housman for his previous collections, even reaching the page proof stage, before being rejected as not meeting his editorial aims there. Among them was the earnest \u201cThe Sage to the Young Man\u201d (4), with its old fashioned forms of address, originally destined for \"A Shropshire Lad\". It had, however, been published anonymously at a later date in the school magazine \"The Edwardian\" (April 1916). Five more, Poems 18, 26, 33, 45 and 46, had been intended for \"Last Poems\". Among work taken from old publications, Poem 48 was one of the earliest, having appeared as \u201cParta Quies\u201d, under his initials only, in \"Waifs and Strays\" (March 1881). With textual variants, it was retitled \u201cAlta Quies\u201d for \"More Poems\" but the original title and text were restored in \"Collected Poems\" (1939). One of the notable qualitative differences between \"More Poems\" and the earlier collections was the greater use of a personal voice, unmediated by such fictitious masks as the rustic \u2018Shropshire Lad\u2019, on which Laurence commented himself in his memoir: \u201cI found that most of these were more autobiographical than any that had appeared previously,\u201d citing in particular Poems 30-33. The first two of those poems have been taken to refer to the break in relations with Moses Jackson.", "5D optical data storage 5D optical data storage (sometimes known as Superman memory crystal) is a nanostructured glass for permanently recording 5-D digital data using femtosecond laser writing process. The memory crystal is capable of storing up to worth of data for billions of years. The concept was experimentally demonstrated in 2013. As of 2018 the technology is in production use by the Arch Mission Foundation. Its first and second discs were given to Elon Musk; one disc is in his personal library, and the other was placed aboard the Tesla Roadster in space. The concept is the bulk storing of data optically in non-photosensitive transparent materials such as fused quartz, which is renowned for its high chemical stability and resistance. Writing into it using a femtosecond-laser was first proposed and demonstrated in 1996. The storage media consists of fused quartz where the spatial dimensions, intensity, polarization, and wavelength is used to modulate data. By introducing gold or silver nanoparticles embedded in the material, their plasmonic properties can be exploited. Up to 18 layers have been tested using optimized parameters with a light pulse energy of a duration of 600 fs and a repetition rate of 500 kHz. Assuming 100% efficient laser that is 1W power consumption for (at most) 0.5 Mbit/sec data rate. For a data rate of 100MBytes/s that adds up to 1.6 kW. Testing the durability using accelerated aging measurements shows that the decay time of the nanogratings is 3\u00d710 years at room temperature (30 \u00b0C). At an elevated temperature of 189 \u00b0C the extrapolated decay time is comparable to the age of the Universe (). By recording data with a numerical aperture objective of 1.4 NA and a wavelength of a capacity of 360 TBytes can be achieved."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Excelsior?", "answer": {"text": "Excelsior volume. It included Noaptea de mai, which Vianu sees as \"one of the [vernacular's] most beautiful poems\"", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0dd521a55de449a4b87a29d550b59837_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from the poems of Excelsior, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Excelsior (Longfellow) \"Excelsior\" is a short poem written in 1841 by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. The poem describes a young man passing through a mountain village. He bears the banner \"Excelsior\" (translated from Latin as \"higher\", also loosely but more widely as \"onward and upward\"). The traveller disregards warnings from villagers of fearful dangers above, and an offer of rest from a local maiden. The youth climbs higher until a last distant cry interrupts the prayers of the monks of Saint Bernard. \"Lifeless, but beautiful\" he is found by the \"faithful hound\" half-buried in the snow, \"still clasping in his hands of ice that banner with the strange device, \"Excelsior!\" \"  Longfellow's first draft of \"Excelsior\", now in the Harvard University Library, notes that he finished the poem at three o'clock in the morning on September 28, 1841. The poem came to him as he was trying to sleep. \"That \"voice\" kept ringing in my ears\", as he wrote to his friend Samuel Gray Ward, which caused him to get up and write the poem immediately. \"Excelsior\" was printed in \"Supplement to the Courant\", \"Connecticut Courant\", vol. VII no. 2, January 22, 1842. It was also included in Longfellow's collection \"Ballads and Other Poems\" in 1842. The title of \"Excelsior\" was reportedly inspired by the state seal of New York, which bears the Latin motto \"Excelsior\". Longfellow had seen it earlier on a scrap of newspaper. Longfellow explained the repeated title as from the Latin, \"Scopus meus excelsior est\" (\"my goal is higher\").", "A majority of the Excelsior fans have always been against a partnership with Feyenoord. Michel van der Neut, chairman of Excelsior's supporters club, claimed: \"Excelsior sold her soul with the extended partnership. Excelsior simply stops existing this way.\" In 2010 Excelsior returned to the highest tier of Dutch football, after defeating crosstown rival Sparta Rotterdam in the final of the Eredivisie promotion/relegation play-offs. The team was mostly composed by Feyenoord loanees and was coached by former Feyenoord youth coach Alex Pastoor. In the 2010\u201311 season Excelsior made a flying start in the Eredivisie, gaining ten points in its first five matches, including a home victory in the Rotterdam derby against Feyenoord (3\u20132). In the remainder of the season, Excelsior upset some of the larger league teams at home, winning against AZ and getting draws against Groningen and eventual league champions Ajax. In the final match of the regular season, Excelsior got a 4\u20131 win away at Vitesse Arnhem, a result that left them one goal short of staying up. Finishing 16th, Excelsior had to face FC Den Bosch and Helmond Sport in the relegation / promotion play-offs. A 4\u20132 home win against Helmond sport ensured another season of Eredivisie football for Excelsior. Excelsior finished bottom of the table in the Eredivisie at the end of the 2011\u201312 season, managing only four wins in 34 matches. The club was again relegated to the Eerste Divisie. Excelsior's home venue is Stadion Woudestein, which has a capacity of 3,531 seats, one of the smallest stadiums hosting professional football in the Netherlands.", "American Excelsior Company American Excelsior Company is headquartered in Arlington, Texas and was established in the year 1888. American Excelsior Company is a manufacturer and distributor of packed, cushioned and engineered products for flexible foams, erosion control, and wood fibers. Inventors of Erosion Control Blankets \u2013 \u201cCurlex\u00ae\u201d. The company was formed when H.W. Selle Company and Excelsior Wrapper Company was merged. In 1929, Excelsior Wrapper Company, H.W. Selle Company and their associated companies were consolidated under one company, and one name: American Excelsior Corporation. The company started a producer of wood excelsior (Wood wool). From 1969 - 2014, the American Excelsior Company have a total of 5 patent grants originating in Wisconsin. From 2000 - 2013, the company got a total of 3 patent grants originating in Non Metro/Micropolitan Statistical Areas, WI. According to NAICS Industry Classification from 2008 - 2012, the company had a total of 5 patent grants. American Excelsior participated on a feasibility study, entitled \"Feasibility Study of an Erosion Control Laboratory in New England\". The company was mentioned by Virginia Department of Forestry on its document entitled \"Potential Value-added Products from Wildfire Fuel Mitigation Projects in Eastern Virginia\", stating that company can help on erosion control through its products and services. These are the products of American Excelsior. Excelsior Blanket Straw Blanket Bio- Net Blanket Turf Reinforcement Mats", "As football was still an elite sport at the beginning of the 20th century, Excelsior became one of the first working class clubs in the Netherlands. In the season 1945\u201346, Excelsior gained their first success by promoting to the Eerste Klasse, the highest tier of Dutch football before professional football was introduced in 1954. The deciding match against VUC was played in De Kuip and attracted 52.000 spectators. Excelsior relegated in the next season, but managed to promote for the second time in the season 1951\u201352. After the introduction of professional football, Excelsior won the Eerste Divisie championship three times (1974, 1979 and 2006) and promoted to the Eredivisie various times, usually to relegate not long afterwards. Excelsior once reached the KNVB Cup final in the season 1929\u201330, but lost the match to fellow Rotterdam club Feyenoord (0\u20131). Excelsior's biggest pre-war achievement was the win of the Zilveren Bal trophy. Excelsior beat Feyenoord (5\u20130) in the finals of the highly rated pre-season tournament. Besides Excelsior, there are two more professional clubs from Rotterdam; Feyenoord and Sparta. Being the smallest professional club in Rotterdam, Excelsior always had to be creative to survive. This creativity made Excelsior play a pioneering role within Dutch football. In the mid-fifties, Excelsior were the leading club behind the introduction of professional football in the Netherlands. When the KNVB continued to refuse payments in football, Excelsior chairman Henk Zon and board member Aad Libregts managed to persuade association president Hans Hopster, in cooperation with the directors of Feyenoord, Sparta and ADO Den Haag.", "The biggest one is Jerry Day, which celebrates Jerry Garcia (frontman of the Grateful Dead) and typically draws thousands of residents, former residents, Deadheads, and other revelers to John McLaren Park and the Jerry Garcia Amphitheater, which is bordered by the Excelsior, Visitacion Valley, and Portola districts. This annual event typically occurs in August. The Excelsior Festival draws hundreds to Mission Street to celebrate the neighborhood's assets such as its cultural diversity, food and to draw people together in a family-friendly environment for music, shopping and fun. The Excelsior Festival is typically held on the first Sunday in October. The Excelsior District Annual Car Show, which takes place in Excelsior Park each year and typically in October brings together hundreds of locals residents to celebrate the Chicano Cholo culture & Irish, Italian roots of the Excelsior District. Displays of low riders and Muscle cars line the street of Madrid, food, vendors, live local rap artist performances all take place within Excelsior Park. The Excelsior District Car Show originated when Jim Espinoza, while working with the neighborhood youth, created an organization called The Excelsior Youth Club (there is a mural in the Excelsior Park basketball court with Jim Espinoza along with some of the members of The Excelsior Youth Club). In more recent years, Diane Wunderlich, former Secretary of The Excelsior Youth Club, brought the car show back. Both Jim and Diane have always been heavily involved in the preservation of the neighborhood culture. Also, photographer, Travis Jensen (http://travisjensenphoto.com/excelsior), is currently working on a photo book called \"Forever Upward\", in which he highlights \"San Francisco\u2019s eclectic Excelsior District, one of the last true neighborhoods in The City."], "answer": {"text": "Despite having stated his interest in innovation, Macedonski generally displayed a more conventional style", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Excelsior?", "answer": {"text": "Excelsior volume. It included Noaptea de mai, which Vianu sees as \"one of the [vernacular's] most beautiful poems\"", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many poems does it include?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0dd521a55de449a4b87a29d550b59837_0_q#3", "question": "How well received were his works?", "rewrite": "How well received were the works of Alexandru Macedonski?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This context produced the first works by Romanian primitivists: Cecilia Cu\u021bescu-Storck, Friedrich Storck, Ion Theodorescu-Sion, and, foremost among them, sculptor Constantin Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i. Of this group, Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i did not generally follow the Symbolist guidelines, and instead reached international fame with an original semi-abstract modernist style influenced by Romanian folklore. Theodorescu-Sion also discarded all forms of Symbolism by the end of the decade, and incorporated into his art the solid shape painting of Paul C\u00e9zanne, while Cu\u021bescu-Storck was still a classical Symbolist in 1910. With draftsman Ary Murnu, she contributed Art Nouveau illustrations to the \"Tinerimea\" catalogs. By 1911, \"Tinerimea\" had also received into its ranks the painter Theodor Pallady, whose debut works were dominated by Symbolist imagery, but who was later a prominent anti-Symbolist. The new generation of Romanian Symbolist artists also included several sculptors who, like Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i, trained with French master Auguste Rodin: Horia Boamb\u0103, Teodor Burc\u0103, Anghel Chiciu, Filip Marin, Ion Jalea, Dimitrie Paciurea, Alexandru Severin. Boamb\u0103 earned a short-lived notoriety with works contrasting delicate figures with rough surfaces, while Marin alternated academic busts with Symbolist statuettes. A poet as well as sculptor, Severin was close to Alexandru Macedonski, with whom he founded \"Cenaclul Idealist\" (\"The Idealist Club\"), also including painters Alexis Macedonski, Leon Alexandru Biju and Dimitrie Mih\u0103ilescu. His sculptures, notably exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1908, displayed his interest in the mysterious or expressed his admiration for Rodin.", "Comarnescu proposed that Bogdan-Pite\u0219ti and the equally controversial Arghezi were better understood through the logic of Hinduism (\"the ancient Indian ethics\"): \"good and evil are not opposed, but collocated, combined, in a state of confusion\". Taking in view Alexandru Bogdan-Pite\u0219ti's preference for orality, his shady political connections, and his mostly informal channels of influence, Cernat concluded that, \"the necessary changes having been made\", one could compare Bogdan-Pite\u0219ti with Nae Ionescu, a philosopher and far right activist whose career spanned the interwar period, and who had also debuted as a Symbolist. Several anecdotes concerning Bogdan-Pite\u0219ti's morals and extravagant lifestyle were in circulation from his lifetime. In 1912, Macedonski published an autobiographical Christmas story. It tells how, inspired by Macedonski's desire to feed his family a traditional turkey feast, Bogdan-Pite\u0219ti sent him the bird stuffed with 50 gold lei. As T. Vianu writes, such \"attitudes of a grand feudal lord\" made Bogdan-Pite\u0219ti into an \"indisputably picturesque\" person. The account was partly confirmed by Constantin Beldie, who also noted that, during those years, Alexandru Macedonski was \"starving\" and had to provide for \"a house full of children\". Zambaccian however cites a contrasting story once told by actor Ion Iancovescu.", "In reference to Mille's works, he stated: \"Without profound meditation, without sensitivity, without imagination, an artist cannot become anything other than, at most, a fecund and passable worker, and not an illustrious figure that would endure.\" Beginning in 1888, Tradem also authored short memoirs of his many meetings with Macedonski, in particular of their conversations. He recalled being familiar with many of Macedonski's original theories on various subjects, including astronomy and the works of Camille Flammarion. Demetrescu noted that Macedonski's theories claimed to explain the workings of the Universe in \"a different way\" and based \"on his imagination\", but argued that \"for a moment [in conversation], it seemed like he could convince anyone\". He also recorded that the theistic Macedonski answered \"positive science\" with \"the grin of skepticism\". Nevertheless, according to Tradem, Alexandru Macedonski flirted with Naturalism during the early part of his career, and admired the works of Gustave Flaubert and \u00c9mile Zola. His memoirs also provided detail on Macedonski's interest in visual arts, indicating that the older poet had always wished to become a painter, and that his determination had instead shaped the artistic career of his son Alexis. At times, Demetrescu was contradicting himself. C\u0103linescu noted that Tradem initially described \"Florile Bosforului\" (\"The Flowers of the Bosphorus\"), a book of poems by the Bolintineanu, with enthusiasm, but later considered them \"banalities [and] light-hearted fantasies\".", "Urechia had prepared a program for administrative reform at several levels, but the brevity of his term prevented him from putting it into practice. By then, Urechia had also begun collaborating with the younger anti-\"Junimist\" and later Symbolist poet Alexandru Macedonski. In 1881, Minister Urechia granted Macedonski the \"Bene-Merenti\" medal 1st class, even though, C\u0103linescu argues, the poet had been a civil servant for no more than 18 months. A year later, he appointed Macedonski to the post of Historical Monuments Inspector. Also in 1882, he accepted Macedonski's offer to become president of a society formed around the magazine \"Literatorul\". In 1883, following Macedonski's attacks on \"Junimist\" author Mihai Eminescu, later recognized as national poet, the irreverent exposure of Eminescu's mental illness and the widespread condemnation which ensued, \"Literatorul\" went out of print. It resurfaced sporadically after that date, notably in 1885, as \"Revista Literar\u0103\", and continued to receive contributions from Urechia, Anghel Demetriescu, Th. M. Stoenescu and Bonifaciu Florescu, but was eventually turned by Macedonski into a voice for the local Symbolist movement. Urechia grew disillusioned with National Liberal politics, and voted against his party when he felt that their politics no longer coincided with his own views. By 1885, he also made his peace with \"Junimea\", which was generally offering its support to the newly founded Conservative Party, and became a collaborator of its mouthpiece \"Convorbiri Literare\", contributing essays and stories until 1892. Also in 1885, he published his novella \"Logof.", "Dimitrie Macedonski Dimitrie Macedonski ( 1780 or 1782\u20131843) was a Wallachian Pandur captain and revolutionary leader. Dimitrie was born in Macedonia, as the son of Stoyan Mincho (Stogiannis Mintsos), a local chieftain. After the Russo-Turkish wars in the late 18th century the family of Mincho emigrated beyond the Danube. Dimitrie joined the Russian army and became a military officer. He adopted the surname \"Macedonski\", which referred to his home place. Macedonski volunteered in the Russo-Turkish War (1806\u20131812). Afterwards, he was awarded for his bravery and gained the rank of lieutenant. Later he held different administrative positions in Wallachia and Moldavia. Taking part in the Greek War of Independence in the Wallachian battle fields, alongside fellow Serbian commander Had\u017ei-Prodan, he was appointed Tudor Vladimirescu's lieutenant by boyar allies of the revolutionaries, on January 15. Sympathetic to the Philik\u00ed Etaire\u00eda and suspicious of Tudor's level of commitment to the cause, Macedonski, together with Giorgakis Olympios and Iannis Pharmakis, deposed and arrested the rebel leader. Dimitrie Macedonski was also involved in revolutionary agitation in 1840 Wallachia as a member of a radical conspiracy led by Mitic\u0103 Filipescu and Nicolae B\u0103lcescu. He was the grandfather of Romanian poet Alexandru Macedonski. He died on 10 January 1843."], "answer": {"text": "Vianu sees as \"one of the [vernacular's] most beautiful poems\" and as evidence of \"a clear joy, without any torment whatsoever\".", "answer_start": 166}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Excelsior?", "answer": {"text": "Excelsior volume. It included Noaptea de mai, which Vianu sees as \"one of the [vernacular's] most beautiful poems\"", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many poems does it include?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Despite having stated his interest in innovation, Macedonski generally displayed a more conventional style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#0", "question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "rewrite": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Love &amp; Hip Hop: Hollywood cast members The series has a large ensemble cast. Over five seasons, 17 people have appeared in the opening credits as leading cast members. The show features a sprawling supporting cast, with 46 people credited as \"additional cast\" or \"featured\" in the show's end credits. These secondary cast members appear in green screen confessional segments and (for the most part) have the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's main cast members. Over the years, several supporting cast members have been upgraded to lead. The cast of \"Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood\"s current season consists of K. Michelle, Apryl Jones, Lil' Fizz, Yo-Yo, Lyrica Anderson, A1 Bentley, Princess Love and Ray J. Cast timeline Note: Teairra Marquisha Thomas (born December 2, 1987), known professionally as Teairra Mar\u00ed, is a R&B/pop singer and actress, originally from Detroit, Michigan. She rose to fame when Jay Z signed her to Def Jam Recordings at the age of 16, alongside Rihanna. She was dropped from the label in 2006, after poor album sales, and she has struggled to revive her music career ever since. In 2011, Teairra joined the supporting cast of \"\"s , acting as a friend and confidante to Emily. Several episodes in \"\" second season were filmed in Miami, originally intended to set up a spin-off starring Teairra and Erica Mena. In 2014, Teairra joined the cast of \"Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood\", becoming one of the show's original eight cast members. The seasons explore her lingering feelings for Ray J, who she dated on-and-off again for nine years prior to the show, and her violent feud with his girlfriend, Princess Love.", "Although the trading of pins has been suspended in Tokyo Disney Resort, pins are still offered as prizes at carnival games, and a relatively small number of pins are available. In all Disney resorts, a large variety of pins are available for purchase and trade. Most merchandise cast members wear pins on lanyards around their necks, or on a pin display card or hip lanyard \u2013 a piece of colored nylon fabric \u2013 clipped to their belt. Additional cast members may wear lanyards if pin trading does not distract from their responsibilities; some managers choose to wear lanyards, but ride operators are not permitted. Some cast members wear a teal colored lanyard at Disneyland and a green lanyard at Walt Disney World with pins tradable to children and adults of all ages. Each lanyard contains around a dozen unique pins, and cast members must trade with guests if they are presented with an acceptable pin. The cast members may not decline a particular trade based on preference or rarity of the pin but may decline if the pin is not acceptable or pin trading rules are not being observed. Each guest may only trade two pins with the same cast member in one day. If the cast member gives his or her lanyard to a different cast member, a guest may trade again with the new cast member even though the physical lanyard is the same. The specifics of what make a pin acceptable for trading varies from park to park. At Disneyland and California Adventure parks, the cast members are instructed not to accept pins that have a clasp or brooch-type backing (as with jewelry). This limitation is new as of 2008, and notable because it bars cast members from accepting pins that Disney specifically designed and made in the 1980s. The new rule about the pin backing type is printed on brochures and certain informational boards.", "Saturday Night Live cast members  , the late-night live variety series \" Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\") has featured 153 cast members. The ensemble was originally referred to as the \"Not Ready For Prime Time Players.\" The list below includes both repertory and featured players past and present, but omits \"SNL\" writers and others who were not listed as cast members during the show's credits. The dates given are those of the years they were part of the cast. The chart also shows whether the cast member has served as a guest host, appeared as the anchorperson of the \"Weekend Update\" segment (by any of its titles), or has been the subject of their own \"Best of\" home video collection. Many of the cast members were writers as well. \" Middle group\" performers are introduced after the main cast by the announcer saying \"...with\" and reading off these performers before ending with featured players. Lighter colors denote \"featured players\" versus repertory cast members. Cast members with the longest tenures include:  These cast members spent less than a full 20-episode season on the show. After 14 seasons, Hammond left as the show's oldest active cast member, ending his tenure at 53 years during his final season in 2009. Leslie Jones is the oldest female cast member to have left the show, having left at age 51. Portraying the sitting President of the United States is considered \"about as high [...] an honor that can be bestowed upon a cast member. \" Darrell Hammond had the longest tenure portraying a U.S. president, portraying Bill Clinton from 1995\u20132001, and George W. Bush during 2003. This makes him one of only three cast members to have portrayed two sitting presidents, with Joe Piscopo and Phil Hartman being the others.", "List of Love &amp; Hip Hop franchise cast members  Love & Hip Hop is a media franchise that consists of several reality television series broadcast on VH1. The shows document the personal and professional lives of several hip hop and R&B recording artists, music executives and record producers residing in various metropolitan areas of the United States. The original franchise version, \"\", premiered on March 6, 2011. Its success resulted in spin-offs based in , , and . The series is known for its large ensemble cast. Many are notable figures in hip hop and R&B, who appear in the opening credits as leading cast members. The franchise is also known for launching the careers of previously unknown artists, most notably K. Michelle and Cardi B. Each incarnation of the franchise features a sprawling supporting cast, credited as \"additional cast\" or \"featured\" in the show's end credits. These secondary cast members appear in green screen confessional segments and (for the most part) have the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's main cast members. Over the years, several supporting cast members have been upgraded to lead. Several cast members have made crossover appearances on different incarnations throughout the show's history, most notably K. Michelle, who has had a starring role on \"Atlanta\", \"New York\" and \"Hollywood\". Rich Dollaz, Teairra Mar\u00ed, Erica Mena, Lil Scrappy, Shay Johnson, Moniece Slaughter, Cisco Rosado, Safaree Samuels, Juju C., Gunplay and Alexis Skyy have also appeared as main and/or supporting cast members in two or more \"Love & Hip Hop\" shows. The show has aired continuously since May 15, 2014, with an incarnation of the franchise airing nearly every Monday on VH1.", "Viewers had input in the cast eliminations, and elimination face-offs aired exclusively as digital elements on mtv.com. In late 2006, MTV announced they were picking up the series once again, resulting in \"Viewers' Revenge\". MTV revealed the group of alumni who were invited back to participate on Monday, January 8, 2007. The group includes: In addition, eight new cast members were brought on to compete with the alumni for spots on the RV. Two others, Derek and Mike, later joined this group. The additional new cast members are called the \"Pit Crew\". The cast members who comprised the original \"Pit Crew\" are:  Rather than embarking on their trip several months before the air date, this show is being filmed and then broadcast in near real time. Cast members will only have the opportunity to compete in missions and nominate cast members for elimination. Viewers at home will be able to decide most other elements of the game from the MTV website. The rules of \"Viewers' Revenge\" state after each mission, the group nominates one male and one female. The three male cast members are responsible for nominating the female. The three female cast members are responsible for nominating the male. Then viewers at home choose who, of those two people, will have to go into an elimination face-off. If they lose the face-off, the cast member will be replaced by one of the eight-member \"Pit Crew. \" The replacement will be voted on by internet visitors to the MTV.com website. Voted off cast members are eligible to come back on the RV. After a cast member is voted off, they go back to the \"Pit Crew\". Also, if the group loses two missions in a row, they must nominate two males and two females for an elimination face-off. On episode three, due to"], "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#1", "question": "what song did Patti sing?", "rewrite": "what song did Patti Page sing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bob Merrill's lyrics were reworked by Iza Trapani into her 2004 children's book, \"How Much Is That Doggie in the Window?\". The phrase \"How much is that doggie in the window?\" seemed innocent enough in 1953, but in modern times it has become synonymous with the trade in puppies from pet shops, often originating in puppy mills. In 2009, Patti Page recorded a version of the song with a new title (\"Do You See That Doggie in the Shelter\") together with new lyrics by Chris Gantry, with the hopes of emphasizing the adoption of homeless animals from animal shelters. The rights to that song were given exclusively to the Humane Society of the United States. Said Page: A season five episode of Cold Case, \"Devil's Music\", used Patti Page's recording in the opening. The 2007 video game \"BioShock\" does not use the original overdubbed Mercury recording. Instead a 1966 re-recording by Patti Page with full orchestra for Columbia Records was substituted. The most infamous use of the song was in the climax of John Waters's film \"Pink Flamingos\", where Divine proves once and for all she is not only the filthiest person alive, but also the filthiest actress by watching a dog defecate on the sidewalk and then putting some of the feces in her mouth. Roza was a singer with The Ted Heath jazz band during the 1950s. During this period, she was voted Favourite Female Vocalist in a \"Melody Maker\" poll from 1951 to 1955 and a similar poll in \"New Musical Express\" from 1952 to 1955. In 1951, she recorded \"Allentown Jail\" with the Heath Band, which led to her A&R Dick Rowe asking her to sing \" (How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?\".", "In the 1950s Schoen arranged music for an album that was released on Decca called \"Music for a Rainy Night\". Johnny Green was so upset about Schoen's arrangement of his 1933 song I Cover the Waterfront (which appeared on the album) that he never spoke with Schoen again. Green felt that the arrangement was a disgrace to his song. In 1956 Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama from the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen's most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Schoen's arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, \"Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.\" In 1957, Schoen moved to New York City to become the musical director for \"The Big Record\" (1957\u201358), a variety series on CBS hosted by Patti Page. Schoen recalled, \"Virtually all of the most famous singers and big bands of the time performed on this show.\" Schoen also composed and arranged music for numerous Las Vegas productions at the Desert Inn, the Stardust, The Lido in Las Vegas as well as The Lido in Paris (including three world tours). The following is from the original liner notes:  \"Stereophonic Suite For Two Bands\" was first conceived in early 1958 when Vic was musical director for \"The Big Record\" TV series hosted by Patti Page.", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\"", "In the song \"Lord, Mr. Ford\" on the 1979 album \"Matchbox\" by British rockabilly band Matchbox, they cover Jerry Reed's 1973 original, and the line \"Come away with me, Lucille\" is repeated several times, with the addition, at the end of the song, of the line \" In my smoking choking automobile. \" The name Lucille hit its highest number in the US register of 1902; it was highly popular and had a certain glamour at the point of the song's popularity. Oldsmobile sponsored several TV shows starring Patti Page in the 1950s, including \"The Patti Page Show\" from 1955\u201356, \"The Big Record\" from 1957-58 and \"The Oldsmobile Show starring Patti Page\" from 1958-59. \" In My Merry Oldsmobile\" was used as the theme song on every telecast, and Page often sang some form of it with new lyrics. On some of the programs, the musical commercial segments were performed by Bill Hayes and Florence Henderson. It was used as the opening and closing theme on Techdirt's Podcast Episode 28: Is Car Ownership On The Way Out? The words, as sung by Billy Murray, are as follows:  Verse 1  Verse 2 Chorus   Murray revived the old song for a \"follow the bouncing ball\" cartoon in the 1930s.", "The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,"], "answer": {"text": "She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.", "answer_start": 630}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#2", "question": "Who was the leading cast member?", "rewrite": "Who was the leading cast member of the sound of music", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Colette O'Neil Colette O'Neil is a Glasgow-born actress noted for her various roles on British television. She was a semi-regular cast member of \"Coronation Street\" in the mid-1960s as Ruth Winter, and also made frequent guest appearances in series such as \"Z-Cars\", \"Dixon of Dock Green\", \"Adam Adamant Lives!\" , \"No Hiding Place\" and \"Softly, Softly\". She was also a leading cast member in the drama series \" The Standard\" and \"The Spoils of War\". In 1983 she appeared in \"Doctor Who\" in the role of Tanha in the serial \"Snakedance\". More recently, she has appeared in \"Taggart\", \"Lovejoy\", \"Hamish Macbeth\", \"Heartbeat\", \"Peak Practice\", \"Holby City\", \"Monarch of the Glen\" and \"Bad Girls\". Her film appearances were few, but included roles in \"Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed\" (1969), \"The Smashing Bird I Used to Know\" (1969) , \"Dreams Lost, Dreams Found\" (1987), \"Wild Flowers\" (1989), and \"Mortdecai\" (2015).", "Mad TV (season 8) The eighth season of \"Mad TV\", an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on the Fox Network between September 14, 2002, and May 17, 2003. With fan-favorite cast members Alex Borstein, Will Sasso, and Andrew Daly gone, \"MADtv\" scrambled to find new talent to fill the void. Jill-Michele Mele\u00e1n and Bobby Lee were upgraded to repertory status (though Mele\u00e1n left in the middle of the season for undisclosed reasons). New faces in the cast for this season include: Ike Barinholtz, Simon Helberg (who only lasted a short time on this show, but is now more popular in his role on the sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\"), Josh Meyers (younger brother of \"SNL\" cast member, Seth Meyers, making this the only time a \"Saturday Night Live\" cast member has had a family member be hired as a cast member on a competing sketch show), Christina Moore, Ron Pederson (the show's only Canadian cast member), and Paul Vogt (\"MADtv\"'s only male homosexual cast member and the second cast member after season six's Nelson Ascencio to have an identical twin brother). With Sasso gone, Frank Caliendo became the latest cast member to play George W. Bush. Newcomer Ron Pederson played Dick Clark, Woody Allen, Saddam Hussein, and \"Entertainment Tonight\" anchor Mark Steines. Vogt replaced Will Sasso as the James Lipton impersonator and impersonated classic sitcom stars, such as Edward Asner (\"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\"), Jackie Gleason (\"The Honeymooners\"), and Charlotte Rae (\"Diff'rent Strokes\" and \"The Facts Of Life\").", "List of General Hospital cast members \"General Hospital\" is an American television soap opera, airing on ABC. Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, the serial premiered on April 1, 1963. The longest-running cast member is Leslie Charleson, who has portrayed Dr. Monica Quartermaine since August 17, 1977, also making her one of the longest-tenured actors in American soap operas. Former cast member Rachel Ames was previously the series' longest-running cast member, portraying Audrey Hardy from 1964 to 2007, and making guest appearances in 2009 and 2013, the latter for the series' fiftieth anniversary. Ames made a special appearance on October 30, 2015. Actors Genie Francis and Kin Shriner, who portray Laura Spencer and Scott Baldwin, are the second and third longest-running cast members, having joined \"General Hospital\" in February and August 1977, respectively. Actress Jacklyn Zeman \u2014 who portrays Bobbie Spencer \u2014 is the fourth longest-running cast member, joining the serial in December 1977. Actress Jane Elliot, who joined the serial in June 1978 as Tracy Quartermaine, is the fifth longest-running cast member, joining \"General Hospital\" in June 1978 until her departure in May 2017. Former cast member Anthony Geary, who portrayed Luke Spencer, was the sixth longest-running cast member, having joined \"General Hospital\" in November 1978. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: the main and recurring cast members, or those who are debuting, departing or returning to the series.", "From 2002 to 2006, Ventimiglia played brooding teen Jess Mariano on \"Gilmore Girls\"; he was introduced in the second season as a leading cast member. He signed on for a spin-off of \"Gilmore Girls\" called \"Windward Circle\" which was to be focused on the relationship between Jess and his estranged father (played by Rob Estes), but the proposed series never made it to air. Afterward, he dropped down to a guest star/recurring cast member, and he came back for four episodes in season four and two episodes in season six. In the third and final season of \"American Dreams\", Ventimiglia played Chris Pierce, the rebellious boyfriend of Meg Pryor (Brittany Snow); Pierce and his single mother, Shelly (Daphne Zuniga), a Playboy bunny, move into the house next to the Pryors. In 2005, he starred in the mid-season replacement series \"The Bedford Diaries\". The producers had only Ventimiglia in mind, but the show lasted only eight episodes and was one of several shows not picked up by the newly formed network The CW. In between television work, Ventimiglia had supporting roles in the horror films \"Cursed\" (2005), directed by Wes Craven, and \"Stay Alive\" (2006), as well as starring roles in the short-film \"Intelligence\" and the full-length feature \"Dirty Deeds\" (2005). The same year, he was cast as Robert \"Rocky Jr.\" Balboa, the son of Rocky Balboa, in the sixth \"Rocky\" installment \"Rocky Balboa\" which was released in December 2006. He starred as Peter Petrelli in the NBC program \"Heroes\", a show about \"ordinary\" people discovering they have superpowers, and portrayed the character until the series' conclusion in 2010.", "Saturday Night Live (season 31) The thirty-first season of \"Saturday Night Live\", an American sketch comedy series, originally aired in the United States on NBC between October 1, 2005, and May 20, 2006. 19 episodes were produced (rather than the usual 20) due to the 2006 Winter Olympic Games and network budget cuts. This season is notable for the people who hosted the show. Julia Louis-Dreyfus, an \"SNL\" cast member from 1982 to 1985 under Dick Ebersol, became the first former female cast member to come back and host the show (and also the third cast member from \"Seinfeld\" to host). Gilda Radner was originally supposed to host in 1988, but could not due to the Writer's Guild of America Strike and then Radner's death the following year. This season is also known for the return of such frequent hosts as Alec Baldwin (who last hosted in season 29 with musical guest Missy Elliott in 2003), Tom Hanks (who last hosted the first episode of season 22 with musical guest Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in 1996), and Steve Martin (who last hosted the first episode of season 20 with musical guest, Eric Clapton in 1994). This season saw the seventh death of a former cast member when Charles Rocket (a cast member during the notoriously lackluster 1980-1981 season) committed suicide in 2005. Rocket's suicide is the first death of an \"SNL\" cast member who never worked under Lorne Michaels (another cast member who never worked under Michaels wouldn't come until Tony Rosato died in 2017) and is the first (and, so far, only) death of a Weekend Update anchor. This season was the first to broadcast in high-definition (HD), after 30 years of broadcasting in standard definition."], "answer": {"text": "The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Hakan Hagegard as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.", "answer_start": 1526}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what song did Patti sing?", "answer": {"text": "She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.", "answer_start": 630, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#3", "question": "What songs did they sing?", "rewrite": "What songs did the leading cast members of the Sound Of Music sing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Love &amp; Hip Hop: Miami cast members The series has a large ensemble cast. 9 people have appeared in the opening credits as leading cast members. The show features a sprawling supporting cast, with 21 people credited as \"additional cast\" or \"featured\" in the show's end credits. These secondary cast members appear in green screen confessional segments and (for the most part) have the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's main cast members. The cast of \"Love & Hip Hop: Miami\"s current season will consist of Trina, Prince, Amara La Negra, Shay Johnson, Gunplay, Veronica Vega, Bobby Lytes, Jojo Zarur and Trick Daddy. Cast timeline Katrina Laverne Taylor (born December 3, 1974), known professionally as Trina, is a rapper. Trina was born and raised in Liberty City to a Dominican father and Bahamian mother. She made her rap debut on Trick Daddy's 1998 \"Billboard\" Hot 100 single \"Nann Nigga\" and rose to fame in the early 2000s with the release of her debut album \"Da Baddest Bitch\". She is openly bisexual and has been romantically linked with fellow rappers Lil Wayne, Soulja Boy and French Montana. Trina appeared previously in the franchise on the spin-off \"\", acting as K's friend and mentor. The series chronicles her latest music projects, including the launch of \"TNT\", her new joint album with Trick Daddy, as well as her sixth solo album \"The One\". The first season explores her family life, including her strained relationship with her flamboyant cousin Bobby, who is in a violent feud with her assistant Alvin, and her cousin Joy, who is trying to find closure after the failure of her marriage to Trick.", "List of Love &amp; Hip Hop: New York cast members The series has a large ensemble cast. Over nine seasons, 34 people have appeared in the opening credits as leading cast members. The show features a sprawling supporting cast, with 54 people credited as \"additional cast\" or \"featured\" in the show's end credits. These secondary cast members appear in green screen confessional segments and (for the most part) have the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's main cast members. Over the years, several supporting cast members have been upgraded to lead. \"Love & Hip Hop: New York\" has endured the most cast changes in the franchise, with only Rich Dollaz remaining from the original cast. The cast of \"Love & Hip Hop: New York\"s current season consists of Remy Ma, Papoose, Joe Budden, Cyn Santana, Kimbella Vanderhee, Juelz Santana, Yandy Smith, Rich Dollaz, Juju C. and Safaree Samuels. Cast timeline Note: Christine Lampkin (born April 27, 1971) is the long time girlfriend of rapper Jim Jones. She was born in Harlem to Afro-Cuban parents. She has been in a relationship with Jim since 2004, after meeting him in Miami. In 2006, Chrissy appeared in a presentation tape for \"Keeping Up with the Joneses\", a proposed doco-series that would attempt to chronicle Jim's everyday life, as well as the behind-the-scenes difficulties in actually making the documentary. While in development with VH1 under the title \"Diary of a Hip Hop Girlfriend\", the show's focus shifted to Chrissy and her circle of friends, forming the basis of what would eventually become \"Love & Hip Hop\".", "List of Love &amp; Hip Hop: Atlanta cast members The series has a large ensemble cast. Over eight seasons, 15 people have appeared in the opening credits as leading cast members. The show features a sprawling supporting cast, with 63 people credited as \"additional cast\" or \"featured\" in the show's end credits. These secondary cast members appear in green screen confessional segments and (for the most part) have the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's main cast members. Over the years, several supporting cast members have been upgraded to lead. The cast of \"Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta\"s most recent season consists of Rasheeda, Mimi Faust, Karlie Redd, Spice, Scrapp DeLeon, Yung Joc and Stevie J. Cast timeline Note: Joseline Hernandez (born November 3, 1986), also known as The Puerto Rican Princess, is a Latin-American entertainer, originally from Ponce, Puerto Rico. She endured a rough childhood within the public housing system of Puerto Rico, being exposed to drugs and prostitution at an early age. She moved to Miami, Florida with her family at the age of six. From the age of sixteen, she began stripping in order to provide for her family. During this time, she was arrested in 2003 and 2007 under the name Shenellica Bettencourt, for lewd and lascivious behavior. She eventually relocated to Atlanta, and was discovered by Stevie J while performing as a stripper at the Onyx Club. Joseline is as an aspiring rapper and recording artist under Stevie's management. It is eventually revealed that the two are sexually involved after Joseline finds herself pregnant, and decides to have an abortion. This revelation breaks up Stevie's relationship with his girlfriend Mimi, igniting a feud between the two women that would last for the rest of series' run.", "List of Love &amp; Hip Hop franchise cast members  Love & Hip Hop is a media franchise that consists of several reality television series broadcast on VH1. The shows document the personal and professional lives of several hip hop and R&B recording artists, music executives and record producers residing in various metropolitan areas of the United States. The original franchise version, \"\", premiered on March 6, 2011. Its success resulted in spin-offs based in , , and . The series is known for its large ensemble cast. Many are notable figures in hip hop and R&B, who appear in the opening credits as leading cast members. The franchise is also known for launching the careers of previously unknown artists, most notably K. Michelle and Cardi B. Each incarnation of the franchise features a sprawling supporting cast, credited as \"additional cast\" or \"featured\" in the show's end credits. These secondary cast members appear in green screen confessional segments and (for the most part) have the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's main cast members. Over the years, several supporting cast members have been upgraded to lead. Several cast members have made crossover appearances on different incarnations throughout the show's history, most notably K. Michelle, who has had a starring role on \"Atlanta\", \"New York\" and \"Hollywood\". Rich Dollaz, Teairra Mar\u00ed, Erica Mena, Lil Scrappy, Shay Johnson, Moniece Slaughter, Cisco Rosado, Safaree Samuels, Juju C., Gunplay and Alexis Skyy have also appeared as main and/or supporting cast members in two or more \"Love & Hip Hop\" shows. The show has aired continuously since May 15, 2014, with an incarnation of the franchise airing nearly every Monday on VH1.", "List of Love &amp; Hip Hop: Hollywood cast members The series has a large ensemble cast. Over five seasons, 17 people have appeared in the opening credits as leading cast members. The show features a sprawling supporting cast, with 46 people credited as \"additional cast\" or \"featured\" in the show's end credits. These secondary cast members appear in green screen confessional segments and (for the most part) have the same amount of screen time and storyline focus as the show's main cast members. Over the years, several supporting cast members have been upgraded to lead. The cast of \"Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood\"s current season consists of K. Michelle, Apryl Jones, Lil' Fizz, Yo-Yo, Lyrica Anderson, A1 Bentley, Princess Love and Ray J. Cast timeline Note: Teairra Marquisha Thomas (born December 2, 1987), known professionally as Teairra Mar\u00ed, is a R&B/pop singer and actress, originally from Detroit, Michigan. She rose to fame when Jay Z signed her to Def Jam Recordings at the age of 16, alongside Rihanna. She was dropped from the label in 2006, after poor album sales, and she has struggled to revive her music career ever since. In 2011, Teairra joined the supporting cast of \"\"s , acting as a friend and confidante to Emily. Several episodes in \"\" second season were filmed in Miami, originally intended to set up a spin-off starring Teairra and Erica Mena. In 2014, Teairra joined the cast of \"Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood\", becoming one of the show's original eight cast members. The seasons explore her lingering feelings for Ray J, who she dated on-and-off again for nine years prior to the show, and her violent feud with his girlfriend, Princess Love."], "answer": {"text": "two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of \"An Ordinary Couple\"\".", "answer_start": 1703}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what song did Patti sing?", "answer": {"text": "She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.", "answer_start": 630, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the leading cast member?", "answer": {"text": "The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Hakan Hagegard as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#4", "question": "did the songs win any awards?", "rewrite": "did the songs in the Sound of Music win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Best Group (Win)  2013 \u2013 Club Music Video Awards: Video of the Year (Win)  2013 \u2013 Club Music Video Awards: Best Male Video of the Year (Win)  2013 \u2013 Kadanke Awards: Best Group (Win)  2013 \u2013 Kadanke Awards: Best Hip Hop Single (Win)  2013 \u2013 Kandanke Awards: Artist of the Year (Nomination)  2013 \u2013 Kandanke Awards: Best Male Artist (Nomination)  2013 \u2013 Kandanke Awards: Best Hip Hop Single (Nomination)  2012 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Best Male Artist (Win)  2012 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Best Hip Hop Single (Nomination)  2012 \u2013 Kandanke Awards: Artist of the Year (Nomination)  2011 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Hottest group (Win) * Baboon Forest  2011 \u2013 International Education Conference: People's Choice Digital Media (Win)  2011 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Music Awards: Best Hip Hop Single (Win)  2011 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Music Awards: Best Single (Nomination)  2011 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Music Awards: Best Male Artist (Nomination)  2011 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Artist of the Year (Nomination)  2010 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Music Awards: Best Hip Hop Single (Win)  2010 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Best Hood Rapper (Win)  2010 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Artist of the Year (Nomination)  2010 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Best Male Artist (Nomination)  2010 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Music Awards: Best Group (Nomination)  2010 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Music Awards: Best Single (Nomination)  2010 \u2013 Uganda Buzz Music Awards: Song of the Year (Nomination)  2010 \u2013 Kisima Awards, Kenya: Best Hip Hop Artist & Single (Nomination)  2009 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Awards: Best Hip Hop Single (Win)  2009 \u2013 Press Association Awards: Artist of the Year (Win)  2009 \u2013 Pearl of Africa Music Awards:", "While Khan's party PTI won 31 directly elected parliamentary seats which is more than 300 percent more than it got in 2002 elections. PTI was third largest party nationally as well as being the largest in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and second largest in Punjab. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, PTI defeated all mainstream political parties across the province with mostly new candidates. It also won every seat in Peshawar, Nowshera and Mardan district, it is expected that PTI will lead a coalition government in the province. PTI couldn't manage to win a majority in Punjab but made some wins while barely managed to make any inroads in Sindh or Baluchistan. PTI got 34 out of 99 seats in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly. According to the polling data available, PTI performed considerably well in Central and Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, while it ceded ground to Jamaat-e-Islami and Jamiat Ulema (F) in Northern Pakhtunkhwa. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa proper, the party failed to get more than 5% of the polled vote in only one constituency, NA-22 Battagram. The party also didn't fare well in FATA which borders the Pakhtunkhwa province. Here PTI won only one constituency, NA-47, out of 12 while failing to win more than 5% of the vote in 3 constituencies NA-36, NA-37, NA-41. In Punjab, the party performed the best in the North and the South, where its largest share of seats came from. It managed to win more than 5% of the vote in all constituencies of Northern Punjab. While in Southern Punjab its support was mainly concentrated in Multan along with a belt of districts surrounding it, which include Khanewal, Vehari and Pakpattan.", "Israel in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest The participation of Israel in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest first began in Amsterdam, Netherlands, at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2012. Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) a member organisation of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) were responsible for the selection process of their participation in & , with Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation (IPBC) taking over participation from . The first representative to participate for the nation was Kids.il with the song \"Let the Music Win\", which finished in eighth place out of twelve participating entries, achieving a score of sixty-eight points. Israel withdrew from competing in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in 2013, and also sat out of the 2014 and 2015 contests. However, following their success at the 2015 and 2016 Eurovision Song Contests, IBA expressed an interest in making a return to competing at Junior Eurovision. It was announced on the 28 September 2016 that Israel would indeed return to the contest in 2016, with their entrant being selected internally. IBA withdrew from the contest, but Israel will return to the contest in 2018. As of Junior Eurovision 2016, Israel have awarded the most points to and the , and received the most points from . On 10 July 2012, the Israeli national broadcaster, Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), announced that they would be making their Junior Eurovision debut at the in Amsterdam, Netherlands on 1 December 2012. IBA internally selected a sextet group consisting of members Adel Korshov, Adi Bity, Adi Mesilati, Daniel Pruzansky, Libi Panker, and Tali Sorokin. The group who were known by their band name Kids.il, performed the song \"Let the Music Win\", which finished in eighth place achieving a score of sixty-eight points.", "Israel in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 Israel participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018 which took place on 25 November 2018, in Minsk, Belarus. The Israeli broadcaster Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation (KAN) was responsible for organising their entry for the contest. This is Israel's third appearance at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest. Prior to the 2018 contest, Israel had participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest once since its debut in , represented by the group Kids.il, who performed the song \"Let the Music Win\", which finished in eighth place achieving a score of sixty-eight points. Israel has previously shown interest to take part in the and contests, although no reasons were ever published to detail the change of interest. The EBU published the final list of participating countries on 2 August 2018, in which Israel appeared within the participating list for the contest which takes place on 25 November 2018, in Minsk, Belarus. On 6 September 2018, a televised national final was held at the Russel Theatre in Ramat Gan. Six candidates were presented, out of which Noam Dadon was selected by a jury panel consisting of Yardena Arazi, Lior Narkis and Hanan Ben Ari. After Dadon's win, KAN launched an open call for the song, which a jury internally selected the song \"Children Like These (Yelaad\u2019im Kaeele)\" for him. Noam Dadon (; born 20 June 2005) is an Israeli singer. He represented Israel at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2018. His song for the contest, \"Children Like These\" was released 8 October 2018. During the opening ceremony and the running order draw which both took place on 19 November 2018, Israel was drawn to perform fourteenth on 25 November 2018, following Georgia and preceding France. The results of the 2018 Junior Eurovision Song Contest will be determined by national juries and an online audience vote.", "Israel in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016 Israel participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016 which took place on 20 November 2016, in Valletta, Malta. The Israeli broadcaster Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was responsible for organising their entry for the contest. This was Israel's second appearance at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest. Prior to the 2016 contest, Israel had participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest once since its debut in , represented by the group Kids.il, who performed the song \"Let the Music Win\", which finished in eighth place achieving a score of sixty-eight points. Israel has previously shown interest to take part in the and contests, although no reasons were ever published to detail the change of interest. The EBU published the final list of participating countries on 28 September 2016, in which Israel appeared within the participating list for the contest which takes place on 20 November 2016, in Valletta, Malta. On 26 October 2016, Shir & Tim were selected to represent Israel. On 8 November 2016, it was revealed that they were to perform the song \"Follow My Heart\", written by Noam Horev, who is also credited with having written the lyrics for \"Milim\", Israel's entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010. Shira Frieman (; born 4 April 2003) is an Israeli child singer who, prior to representing Israel in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2016, has participated in \"The Music School\", a music competition for children. Besides singing, Frieman plays the saxophone and dances to jazz music. TimoTi Sannikov (; born 20 August 2003) is an Israeli child singer who has participated in several music festivals, including Being a Star and Salvic Bazaar. He also plays the role of Michael in the Israeli production of Billy Elliot the Musical."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what song did Patti sing?", "answer": {"text": "She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.", "answer_start": 630, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the leading cast member?", "answer": {"text": "The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Hakan Hagegard as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did they sing?", "answer": {"text": "two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of \"An Ordinary Couple\"\".", "answer_start": 1703, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#5", "question": "who was a male singer on the recordings?", "rewrite": "who was a male singer on the recordings for the Sound of Music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eason Chan Eason Chan Yick-shun (born 27 July 1974) is a Hong Kong singer and actor. Chan was ranked number \"6\" in the 2013 Forbes China Celebrity Top 100 List. In 2005, Chan's Cantonese album \"U87\" was named one of \"Time\" magazine's \"Five Asian Albums Worth Buying\". Chan has won a number of Golden Melody Awards. In 2003, he won Best Mandarin Male Singer and Best Mandarin Album for \"Special Thanks To...\". In 2009, he won Best Mandarin Album for \"Don't Want to Let Go\". Chan won his second Best Mandarin Male Singer award in 2015, for the album \"Rice and Shine\". In 2014, Chan's net worth was HK$100 million. In 2018, Chan was named Best Mandarin Male Singer for the third time, for the album \"C'mon In~\". Chan was born in Hong Kong on July 27, 1974. Chan went to England to study when he was 12. He attended St. Joseph's kindergarten and St. Joseph's College Primary School in Hong Kong, Dauntsey's School in Wiltshire, England and later Kingston University, studying architecture. He also trained in vocals at the Royal Academy of Music, where he received Grade-8 vocal certifications, which is the highest grade amongst non-professional opera singers, orchestra members, and musical performers. Chan returned to Hong Kong before the completion of his degree to participate in the 1995 New Talent Singing Awards Competition, winning first place. Hong Kong-based record label Capital Artists signed a contract with him, ending his future career as an architect while launching a career in music. Chan has won a number of Asian music awards. He is the second non-Taiwanese singer, after Jacky Cheung, to win Taiwan's Golden Melody Awards.", "Singing News Fan Awards for Favorite Male Singer The \"Favorite Male Singer\" award is awarded yearly in the Singing News Fan Awards ceremony to honor the Southern gospel vocalist fans select as their favorite that year. The award has been given throughout the thirty-seven year history of the Fan Awards. Originally entitled \"Mr. Gospel Singer,\" the award was given under that name in 1970 and 1971. In 1972 it was re-entitled \"Mr. Gospel Music,\" and was given under that title for two years before being changed back to \"Mr. Gospel Singer\" in 1974. The award title alternated between the two until being renamed \"Male Entertainer of the Year\" in 1986. That name lasted only one year, as the award was re-titled \"Favorite Male Gospel Singer\" in 1987. A minor change occurred in 1989, when the award was called \"Favorite Male Southern Gospel Singer.\" In 1990, the award was renamed yet again, this time to \"Favorite Male Singer. \" It has kept this name since, with minor variations such as \"Favorite Male Vocalist\" and \"Favorite Male Artist.\"", "Leo Ku Leo Ku Kui Kei is a Hong Kong Cantopop and Mandopop singer, actor, TV host, model, cartoonist, MV director, and producer and designer. He employs falsetto as a singing technique and was named as one of the Five Fresh Tigers of TVB. Joining TVB in 1991, Ku has released over 35 albums and he has won nearly 300 male singer and music awards since kicking off his music career in 1994, including TVB \"Jade Solid Gold Awards,\" \"Favorite Male Singer\" and \"Golden Award\"; Channel V, \"the most popular male singer\"; MTV Asia Awards \"Favourite Artist of Hong Kong\"; CCTV-MTV Music Awards \"most popular male singer in Hong Kong\"; \"Hit King\" Chinese music world's total annual election of the \"Hit King\" and \"Most Popular Male Singer\"; China Original Music Charts \"most popular male singer in Hong Kong\"; Chinese Music Media Awards, \"the most media attention hundred male singer\"; China Wind Shang Dadian \"Fashion Outstanding Asian Singer\"; Hong Kong \"issued four United Music Awards,\" \"media award (singer)\", \"Song of the Year\" and \"Album Award\"; CRHK903 The songs Awards \"Male Singer Award\" and \"My favorite male singer\"; SINA Music music Popular Awards \"My favorite male singer\"; Yahoo Hong Kong Yahoo! Search Popularity Award \"Local Male Artist\"; IFPI Hong Kong Record Sales Award \" the highest annual sales volume of the local male singer\"; China Radio and Television Awards Best Original Song Award Presentation Ceremony of \"Hong Kong and Taiwan the most popular male singer\"; Top Ten Chinese Gold Songs Awards \u2013 Extreme Global Chinese Gold Songs Award; Music Pioneer Awards list \u2013 \"Pioneer of the most popular male singer,\"", "He won \"Best Male Singer\" third, in 2003, 2015 and 2018, and \"Best Album\" twice. In 2003, 2009 and 2018. He also won Most Popular Male Singer in the Jade Solid Gold Best Ten Music Awards Presentation twice, in 2006 and 2007. He also won his first Asia Pacific's Most Popular Singer Award in 2007, and again in 2008. His album U87, named after his favorite microphone and released in 2005, was labeled by \"Time Magazine\" as one of the five best Asian albums. \"U87\" was the top selling non-concert, non-collection category album in Hong Kong in 2005. He was Hong Kong's highest selling male artist in 2002, 2003 and 2007. He has been one of Hong Kong's top selling artists every year since 2000. His concert DVD \"Get a Life\" was the highest selling album of 2006. Chan has been praised by critics and fellow musicians alike as one of the top singers of his generation. Since the very beginning of his career, he has been one of the favourites to lead the new generation of Cantopop. He has been described as a breath of fresh air in the HK music scene. Over the last ten years, Chan has emerged as the leading male singer of his generation, fulfilling his role as an innovator and a leader in the HK music scene, winning prestigious awards one after another. Chan has also been successful in his work in the Mandopop scene. He has won numerous awards in both mainland China and Taiwan, most notably Taiwan's Golden Melody Awards. His album Admit It was nominated for Golden Melody Awards' Best Male Singer; although it was ultimately won by Gary Chaw. Next year, he was again nominated for", "With the album's positive performance on the music charts, he won his first \"Most Popular Male Singer (Mainland)\" award. In 2009, for the album \" The Day After Tomorrow\", Zhang gained 11 nominations in Beijing pop music ceremony and became the favorite figure. In November, Zhang released the album, \"Through Trilogy\". On December 19, he held the theme concert of Through Trilogy at Beijing Workers' Gymnasium. In April 2010, Zhang attended the Boao Forum for Asia as invited guest to perform two songs of Michael Jackson : \"Billie Jean\" and \"Beat it\". In June, he sang the theme song for the film \"Triple Tap\". In November, he released the 6th album, \"It's Love\". In November, he held a theme concert as \"It's Love\" at Beijing Workers' Gymnasium. On November 28, he won the \"Best Asian Artist\" award in the Mnet Asian Music Awards. In December, he was invited as the only male singer from mainland China to the TVB Golden Melody Awards Ceremony in Hong Kong, and received an award for top ten golden songs of the year and Most Popular Male Singer (Mainland). In 2011, Zhang released his next album, \"Stand Up\". In December, he held the theme concert \"It's Love\" in his hometown Chengdu. On March 1, 2012, as an invited guest, Zhang performed in a collaborative staging of the song My love at the concert of Westlife. He started his new touring concerts at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on 5 May and Shanghai Grand Stage on June 30 respectively. On September 29, he released an album called \"One Chance\" and then on 19 November he released a cover album called \"Love That We Once Encountered\". Also, in this year, he set up his own studio: Zhang Jie Studio."], "answer": {"text": "revival produced by Hallmark Entertainment and featuring the full revival cast, including Rebecca Luker, Michael Siberry, Jan Maxwell and Fred Applegate.", "answer_start": 1234}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what song did Patti sing?", "answer": {"text": "She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.", "answer_start": 630, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the leading cast member?", "answer": {"text": "The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Hakan Hagegard as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did they sing?", "answer": {"text": "two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of \"An Ordinary Couple\"\".", "answer_start": 1703, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the songs win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#6", "question": "What songs did he sing?", "rewrite": "What songs did Michael Siberry sing in the Sound of Music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Michael Siberry Michael Siberry is an Australian stage and screen actor. Siberry graduated from the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney, Australia and began his career in Adelaide at the State Theatre Company of South Australia before moving to England to perform for the Royal Shakespeare Company. On Broadway, Siberry has performed the likes of Nicholas Nickleby in \"The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby\", Gratiano in \"The Merchant of Venice\", Captain Georg von Trapp in \"The Sound of Music\" and Shakespeare in \"The Frogs\" (Lincoln Center). Other theater credits include Morrell in \"Candida\" and Astrov in \"Uncle Vanya\" at the McCarter Theatre in Princeton, New Jersey and Osbourne in \"Journey's End\", Oberon in \"A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream\" and Billy Flynn in \"Chicago\" at London's West end theatre. He portrayed King Arthur in the U.S. National Tour of \"Monty Python's Spamalot\" for two years before reprising it on Broadway in 2008. In 2017, he performed as Leo Tresler in the Tony-nominated Broadway drama at the Lincoln Center. His notable television appearances include \"Sherlock Holmes\"; \"Jeeves and Wooster\"; \"\"; \"The Grand\"; \"Silent Witness\"; \"Victoria & Albert\"; \"House of Cards\"; \"Boardwalk Empire\"; \"The Blacklist\"; \"Jessica Jones\"; \"Madam Secretary\"; \"The Last Tycoon\" and \"The Society\". He had supporting roles in the films \"Boundaries of the Heart\" and \"Teen Agent\".", "Leaving the Sheeba Records office to continue its work in Toronto, Siberry herself then relocated to New York City in search of new inspiration. In 1996, she performed four concerts at the city's famous Bottom Line jazz club \u2013 all of which were recorded and released on a set of live albums between 1997 and 1999, collectively known as the \"New York City Trilogy\". The first of these was 1997's \"\", a double album which combined Christmas standards and carols (such as \"O Holy Night\" and \"In the Bleak Midwinter\") and original Siberry songs containing religious imagery (such as \"An Angel Stepped Down...\") Siberry had also demonstrated the greater creative freedom she had as an independent recording artist via her other 1997 album, \"A Day in the Life\". This was her most unconventional release to date \u2013 although it did feature song excerpts, it was predominantly a sound collage representation of a typical day's experience by Siberry in New York. The album was filled with recordings of yoga classes, phone messages and street sounds; and featured conversations and exchanges with a wide variety of people \u2013 cab drivers, friends, fellow students and Siberry's then-current musical collaborators Patty Larkin, Joe Jackson, k.d. lang and Darol Anger. Also in 1997, Siberry's former label Reprise Records released a second compilation album of her work, \"A Collection 1984\u20131989\", aimed at the Canadian and American markets, and drew from the whole range of Siberry's output prior to \" When I Was a Boy\". With Sheeba running into financial problems, Siberry left New York, returned to Toronto and reestablished her label as a one-woman operation (handling everything from songwriting to envelope-stuffing).", "\"I Muse Aloud\" \u2013 consolidated the success. \" No Borders Here\" sold 40,000 copies and won Siberry a CASBY award for best female vocalist, as well as giving her first opportunity to play live in New York. Siberry's third album, \"The Speckless Sky\" (1985), continued her art-pop approach. It was another commercial and critical success, going gold in Canada by selling over 100,000 units and establishing Siberry as a Canadian pop star. The album provided another hit single, \"One More Colour\" (with an entertaining video featuring Siberry walking a cow) and won the 1985 CASBY for best album, with Siberry also picking up the award for best producer. In 1986 Siberry signed with Warner Brothers subsidiary Reprise Records, which picked up her American contract from Windham Hill, while honouring the existing Canadian arrangement with Duke Street Records. For her fourth album (her first for Reprise) Siberry created \"The Walking\". Released in 1988, it contained a set of intricately structured songs, many of which were lengthy and shifted between narrative viewpoints and characters. Many of the songs dealt with romantic collapse and miscommunication, partially inspired by Siberry's breakup with John Switzer (which happened during the writing and recording of the album). She was marketed as part of the \"high art\" end of rock music, alongside artists such as Kate Bush or Peter Gabriel. Siberry embarked on a tour of Europe and the United States to promote \"The Walking\". This included her first European performance, which took place at the ICA in London. In spite of the efforts of both label and artist, \"The Walking\" was ultimately less of a commercial success than \"The Speckless Sky\", with Siberry failing to make her mainstream breakthrough.", "She began performing in folk clubs in Guelph, linking up first with singer Wendy Davis and then with bass guitarist John Switzer in a group called Java Jive. Following the split of Java Jive in 1979, Siberry maintained both a musical and a romantic relationship with John Switzer (who would work with her on her first four records). On leaving university, she supported her work as a solo performer by working as a waitress, earning enough to finance and tour her debut album, the folk-influenced \"Jane Siberry\", which was released in 1981 on Duke Street Records. The album was relatively successful for an independent release, enabling Siberry to sign a three-album deal with A&M Records via the Windham Hill label. As part of the deal, Siberry was able to release her albums on Duke Street Records in Canada while Windham Hill handled American release and distribution. Assembling a backing band of Switzer, guitarist Ken Myhr, keyboard players Doug Wilde and Jon Goldsmith, and drummer Al Cross, Siberry recorded her second album \"No Borders Here\" (released in 1984) for which she mostly abandoned the folk approach in favour of electronic art-pop. This coincided with a growth in support of new wave and independent music within Canadian broadcast media, including the Toronto radio station CFNY and the video channel MuchMusic. Both of these became keen supporters of Siberry and put her onto high playlist rotation. Siberry's first hit was the \"No Borders Here\" track \"Mimi on the Beach\" \u2013 a seven-and-a-half-minute art-rock single which benefited from the art-friendly broadcast support at the time (and from its video made by Siberry and friends). Both factors earned it heavy MuchMusic and college radio play. Two further singles with videos \u2013 \"You Don't Need\" and", "The Grand (TV series) The Grand is a British television drama series produced by Granada Television for the ITV network, broadcast between 4 April 1997 and 3 April 1998. It was written by Russell T Davies and set in a grand hotel in Manchester in the 1920s. There are two series: eight episodes in the first series were broadcast from 4 April 1997 to 23 May 1997 and ten in the second series from 30 January 1998 to 3 April 1998. All 18 episodes were written by Russell T Davies. The cast included Susan Hampshire, Julia St. John, Tim Healy, Michael Siberry, Stephen Moyer and Mark McGann. The two series were novelised by Catrin Collier, under the pen name Katherine Hardy. The series featured the Bannerman family that owned and ran the hotel, the staff that lived in the basement and occasional guests. At the series opening, the very upright John Bannerman (Michael Siberry) has just reopened the Grand, which he inherited from his overbearing father and which he now owns and operates with his staid and steady wife, Sarah (Julia St. John). On opening night of the new, refurbished Grand, their son, Stephen (Stephen Moyer in the first series, Ifan Meredith in the second) returns from service in World War I. Initially a happy occasion , it soon becomes apparent that Stephen is a damaged young man who hides his pain in alcohol. Their daughter, Adele (Camilla Power), a young teenager, feels ignored and finds more in common with the staff than she does her own family."], "answer": {"text": "The Telarc label made a studio cast recording of The Sound of Music, with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra conducted by Erich Kunzel (1987).", "answer_start": 1388}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what song did Patti sing?", "answer": {"text": "She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.", "answer_start": 630, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the leading cast member?", "answer": {"text": "The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Hakan Hagegard as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did they sing?", "answer": {"text": "two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of \"An Ordinary Couple\"\".", "answer_start": 1703, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the songs win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was a male singer on the recordings?", "answer": {"text": "revival produced by Hallmark Entertainment and featuring the full revival cast, including Rebecca Luker, Michael Siberry, Jan Maxwell and Fred Applegate.", "answer_start": 1234, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544dd0dd27ad45c09a86155db5d68d01_0_q#7", "question": "what year did the song come out?", "rewrite": "what year did the song, the Sound of Music come out?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ilchi states that while although, \"The roots of Hanggai's music come from traditional Mongolian\u2026Hanggai's music doesn't really speak of Genghis Khan's time, but it does reflect the life and ethics of the Mongolian people.\" Hanggai have performed twice at the Edmonton Folk Music Festival, in 2009 and 2015. Although it is known first and foremost as a predominantly heavy-metal oriented music festival, the band performed at the 2010 Wacken Open Air. The band performed at the Sydney Festival in January 2011. Hanggai performed at the Bonnaroo Music & Art Festival in Manchester, Tennessee June 9\u201312, 2011. Hanggai performed at the Woodford Folk Festival in December 2011, drawing huge dancing crowds to each performance. The band has hosted the Hanggai Music Festival yearly since 2010, inviting acts such as Huun-Huur-Tu and The Randy Abel Stable. The band has maintained a steady popularity in the Netherlands, appearing at many summer festivals and concert venues since. The band performed at the Sziget Festival, Budapest in 2017. The band performed at the 2018 Battle of the Nations (Medieval Tournament) at Santa Severa outside Rome as post fight entertainment. The song \u9152\u6b4c (Jiu Ge / Drinking Song) was recorded in bits and pieces at an actual party that the band attended. The song was eventually created by splicing together bits and pieces of audio from that night. The song \u9152\u6b4c (Jiu Ge/ Drinking Song) has also been recorded with Dutch band Jovink for use as the theme song for their 2009 Zwarte Cross festival Front man Ilchi first learned throat singing after Odsuren Baatar, a master throat singer from Mongolia, was invited by the Inner Mongolia Song and Dance Ensemble to conduct workshops on the art in Inner Mongolia.", "and I wonder why/ Why you had to go , go/ I know it's better on the other side. \" The song concludes with one last statement from Diddy, \"People can say what they want about you. We gonna remember the miracles that you showed us. Through your music, through your dance. You were the one that made us realize that you are the world. Through us your legacy lives on, Mike Jackson.\" DJ Skee stated that after notifying Chris Brown and Usher and Boyz II Men, who at the time were in a recording studio, via a phone call, that they'd written and recorded the song overnight and gave him the song to play on June 26, 2009. \"Better on the Other Sides\"s lyrics pertain to the influence of Jackson and his effect on people worldwide, as well as reflecting on their own personal memories of Jackson. In the song's lyrics Diddy opens the song with Jackson's influence in the lyrics \"I believed I can do anything,\" he says. \"You made the world dance. You made the music come to life. \" Brown's part of the song is the chorus, where he described the grief of Jackson's death and noting that \"I know it's better on the other side. \" On The Game's verses he reflects on Jackson's influence on him growing up and comparing himself to Jackson. Towards the ending on the song The Game claims that the feud between him and 50 Cent is over, presumably due to Jackson's death, \"First thing I did when I heard was I called Puff. Cause him and Mike tried to stop the beef between us , Who was us? Me and fifty, that beef is dead, and the young Mike Jackson gonna take us to the ledge. \" After this line, Chris Brown then sings the chorus.", "Jaroslav Volek  Jaroslav Volek (15 July 1923, Tren\u010d\u00edn \u2013 23 February 1989, Prague) was a Czech musicologist, semiotician who developed a theory of modal music. His theory included ideas of poly-modality and alteration of notes that he called \"flex,\" which result in what he called the system of flexible diatonics. He applied this theory to the work of B\u00e9la Bart\u00f3k and Leo\u0161 Jan\u00e1\u010dek. He wrote \"General Theory of Art\" based on semiotic concepts in 1968. During his life he was blacklisted by the authorities of the communist soviet dominated government of Czechoslovakia, who seldom allowed publication of his work. The result is a scarcity of biographical material that is contemporaneous from his homeland, with more available in German translation, or published in English after his death. Late in his life he was allowed to travel, and was a guest at American University during the 1980s. He is particularly cited in relation to the works of 20th-century European composers, because his theory directly confronts the relationship between melodies based on speech and modal sources, with the classical music harmonic tradition of tonality. Jaroslav Volek \"New Forms of Modality in Leo\u0161 Jan\u00e1\u010dek's Song Cycle \"The Diary of One who Vanished\"\", p. 37. Translated by Jan Vi\u010dar Volek argues first that music is not an acoustical phenomenon, but a phenomenon of understanding and incorporating acoustical phenomenon into the psychological. From this, in a structuralist manner, he argues that the actual laws of music come from historical and social forces based on the social practice of music. He argues that musicology must, therefore, study the concrete history of musical practice to be empirical, and not merely sound.", "Ready (B.o.B song) \"Ready\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist B.o. B. It was released on September 10, 2013, as the third single from his third studio album, \"Underground Luxury\" (2013). The song, produced by American record producer Noel \"Detail\" Fisher, features a guest appearance from fellow American rapper Future. In an interview with \"Rolling Stone\", B.o. B spoke on why he decided to release \"Ready\" as the album's third single, saying: \"I feel like it's the season where everybody's going back to school and football is back in season, which is one of my favorite sports, so I just felt like it was a great song for the time. Then me and Future, we're both from the east side [of Atlanta] so it felt like a real necessary move to make. What Future brings to the song is just crazy. Future came up with the hook and brought it to me first. I heard it and I loved it and so I spent a couple of days just trying to live with it and letting the music flow. The way I write now, I just try and let the music come to me. I really don't try to force anything, so if I catch something like a vibe or a feeling then I catch something and go with it and let that direct me. I feel like it's a more natural way to finish songs.\" On August 22, 2013, B.o. B released a video compiling some of the greatest fights in sports history, with his song \"Ready\", playing in the background. On October 15, 2013, a teaser of the official music video was released online. The official video, directed by Mike Ho, was released later that day.", "Almost Free Almost Free is the third studio album by American skate punk band Fidlar, released on January 25, 2019. The album was recorded at Sunset Sound Studios in Hollywood, and produced by Ricky Reed. On recording the album, frontman Zac Carper said in an interview with \"Kerrang!\"s Chris Krovatin that:  Speaking to Kat Corbett on KROQ Radio during an October 2018 interview, guitarist Elvis Kuehn and drummer Max Kuehn stated that Jane's Addiction drummer Stephen Perkins plays drums on a track on the album. In a September 2018 interview with \"Upset Magazine\", on the upcoming record and its sound, Carper said \"it's our most diverse record, 100%, more so than \"Too\", more so than our first record [...] We have horns on this record, fucking trumpets and saxophones and trombones and shit; we went for it. We just completely fucking went for it, so I'm excited for it to come out.\" Speaking of the album in general, Kuehn stated in a press release that \"\"Almost Free\" feels like a step forward for us in a lot of ways. We tried to be true to ourselves and let the music come out naturally, without fear of how people would receive it.\" Elvis Kuehn, in a mid-December 2018 interview with \"Flood Magazine\", said about the album title: \"It was sort of about music being devalued. People don't really buy music as much nowadays. It just kept sticking with us when we thought about other options, because it has so many other meanings too.\""], "answer": {"text": "The 1965 film soundtrack was released by RCA Victor and is one of the most successful soundtrack albums in history,", "answer_start": 826}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were some of the cast members of The Sound of Music?", "answer": {"text": "singer Patti Page recorded the title song from the show for Mercury Records on the day that the musical opened on Broadway.", "answer_start": 373, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what song did Patti sing?", "answer": {"text": "She featured the song on her TV show, The Patti Page Olds Show, helping to popularize the musical.", "answer_start": 630, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was the leading cast member?", "answer": {"text": "The lead roles went to opera stars: Frederica von Stade as Maria, Hakan Hagegard as Captain von Trapp, and Eileen Farrell as the Mother Abbess.", "answer_start": 1526, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did they sing?", "answer": {"text": "two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of \"An Ordinary Couple\"\".", "answer_start": 1703, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the songs win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was a male singer on the recordings?", "answer": {"text": "revival produced by Hallmark Entertainment and featuring the full revival cast, including Rebecca Luker, Michael Siberry, Jan Maxwell and Fred Applegate.", "answer_start": 1234, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs did he sing?", "answer": {"text": "The Telarc label made a studio cast recording of The Sound of Music, with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra conducted by Erich Kunzel (1987).", "answer_start": 1388, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6956937552ab46d0bf1364b83460cb8b_1_q#0", "question": "When did Georgia O'Keeffe arrive in New Mexico?", "rewrite": "When did Georgia O'Keeffe arrive in New Mexico?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["O'Keeffe was a legend beginning in the 1920s, known as much for her independent spirit and female role model, as for her dramatic and innovative works of art. Nancy and Jules Heller said, \"The most remarkable thing about O'Keefe was the audacity and uniqueness of her early work.\" At that time, even in Europe, there were few arts exploring abstraction. Even though her works may show elements of different modernist movements, such as Surrealism and Precisionism, her work is uniquely her own style. She received unprecedented acceptance as a woman artist from the fine art world due to her powerful graphic images and within a decade of moving to New York City, she was the highest paid American woman artist. She was known for a distinctive style in all aspects of her life. O'Keeffe was also known for her relationship with Stieglitz, in which she provided some insight in her autobiography. A substantial part of her estate's assets were transferred to the Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation, a nonprofit. The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum opened in Santa Fe in 1997. The assets included a large body of her work, photographs, archival materials, and her Abiquiu house, library, and property. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio in Abiquiu was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998 and is now owned by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum. In 1996, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 32 cent stamp honoring O'Keeffe. In 2013, on the 100th anniversary of the Armory Show, the USPS issued a stamp featuring O'Keeffe's Black Mesa Landscape, New Mexico/Out Back of Marie's II, 1930 as part of their Modern Art in America series.", "Barbara Buhler Lynes Barbara Buhler Lynes is an art historian, curator, professor, and preeminent scholar on the art and life of Georgia O'Keeffe. She is currently the Sunny Kaufman Senior Curator at the NSU Museum of Art in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. From 1999-2012, she served as the founding curator of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she curated or oversaw more than thirty exhibitions of works by O\u2019Keeffe and her contemporaries. Lynes was also the Founding Emily Fisher Landau Director of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum Research Center from 2001-2012. Prior to her work at the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, Lynes served as an independent consultant to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. from 1992-1999 and has taught art history at Vanderbilt University, Dartmouth College, Montgomery College, and the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA). Lynes holds a PhD in French Literature from the University of California, Riverside and a PhD in Art History from Indiana University Bloomington. She has written books, book chapters, and essays on O'Keeffe and other American modernists, including the award-winning two volume Georgia O'Keeffe catalogue raisonn\u00e9 (1999) that documents and authenticates O'Keeffe's extensive oeuvre.", "Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is a historic house museum at 12 Palvadera Drive in Abiqui\u00fa, New Mexico. It was from 1945 until 1984 the principal residence and studio of artist Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986). It is now owned and managed by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, through which guided tours can be arranged. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998, as one of the most important artistic sites in the southwestern United States. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is located on the east side of the small unincorporated village of Abiqui\u00fa, just east of the St. Thomas Church. The building is a single-story adobe structure, largely built in the traditional style. It has thick adobe walls, and a flat roof supported by a network of vigas and latillas (smaller wooden elements crossing the larger viga beams). The house is organized in wings a single room deep, which surround a central patio/plaza. The house has a number of modernist elements, including skylights and large picture windows that provide expansive views of the surrounding landscape and brought natural light into areas that such houses traditionally did not have. O'Keeffe was insistent on these types of deviations from the traditional form, stating in an interview that \"I didn't want a Spanish house; I didn't want an Indian house, [or] a Mexican house; I wanted my house!\" Portions of the house are believed to date to the 1730s, and it was in deteriorating condition when Georgia O'Keeffe first spotted it in the 1930s. At the time, it was owned by the Roman Catholic church, which did not want to sell it.", "A friend of D.H. Lawrence, Georgia O'Keeffe (1887\u20131986) began to spend summers with the Lawrences starting in 1930. O'Keeffe's inspiration led Lawrence to discover he had a talent for painting, too. She made iconic, colorful paintings of flowers and bones she collected during her walks through the desert. In 1940, she bought her first home in New Mexico. Her husband, Alfred Stieglitz, preferring to stay in New York, O'Keeffe spent much of the year with him. Upon his death in 1946, O'Keeffe moved permanently to her New Mexico home, in an area known as Ghost Ranch, and later built a home in Abiquiu, New Mexico. Like Lawrence, Russian artist Nicolai Fechin (1881\u20131955) suffered from tuberculosis and found Taos helpful for managing his health. In 1927, Fechin moved to Taos with his wife and daughter. For a time they lived with Luhan, but soon purchased an adobe home that was renovated into a beautiful, unusual home with Russian wood carvings, is now the Taos Art Museum. Ansel Easton Adams (1902\u20131984) was a photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. In 1930, Taos Pueblo, Adams's second portfolio, was published. In New Mexico, he was introduced to notables from Alfred Stieglitz's circle, including painter Georgia O'Keeffe, artist John Marin, and photographer Paul Strand, all of whom created famous works during their stays in the Southwest. Cordelia Wilson, an artist from Georgetown, Colorado developed her skills as an artist motivated by latest trends in American realism led by Robert Henri. Her academic training emphasized development of an alla prima technique and painting out of doors, which inspired her to produce bold impasto works quickly.", "University of New Mexico Art Museum The University of New Mexico Art Museum (sometimes referred to as the University Art Museum or UNM Art Museum) is an art museum at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The museum's permanent collection includes nearly 30,000 objects, making it the largest collection of fine art in New Mexico. In the early years following the opening of the museum in 1963, significant exhibitions were held of the work of Georgia O'Keeffe, Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt, Cady Wells, Andrew Dasburg, John Marin, and other Modernists. Van Deren Coke was the founding director of the Art Museum. Robert O. Parks was another early Art Museum director. Georgia O'Keeffe had included the University of New Mexico and another New Mexico museum in her will of 1979, but in a codicil signed in 1984 soon before her death deleted it. An agreement between the State of New Mexico and Juan Hamilton, O'Keeffe's companion and executor of the will, was made in 1986, when the state agreed to drop any challenge to the will in exchange for several O'Keeffe paintings. The Art Museum's permanent collection includes the following collections:  Photographs and prints. This collection includes over 10,000 photographs (ranging from daguerreotypes to digital photographs) and over 17,000 prints (with a focus on lithographs). The earliest prints date to the Nuremberg Chronicle, which appeared in 1493. Many of the museum's photographs, prints, and early cased objects are housed in the museum's Beaumont Newhall Study Room. Beaumont Newhall Collection. The museum holds a collection of works by photographer Beaumont Newhall, who became a professor of art history at UNM in 1971."], "answer": {"text": "O'Keeffe then spent part of nearly every year working in New Mexico.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6956937552ab46d0bf1364b83460cb8b_1_q#1", "question": "What did Georgia do work on while in New Mexico?", "rewrite": "What did Georgia O'Keeffe work on while in New Mexico?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Barbara Buhler Lynes Barbara Buhler Lynes is an art historian, curator, professor, and preeminent scholar on the art and life of Georgia O'Keeffe. She is currently the Sunny Kaufman Senior Curator at the NSU Museum of Art in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. From 1999-2012, she served as the founding curator of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she curated or oversaw more than thirty exhibitions of works by O\u2019Keeffe and her contemporaries. Lynes was also the Founding Emily Fisher Landau Director of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum Research Center from 2001-2012. Prior to her work at the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, Lynes served as an independent consultant to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. from 1992-1999 and has taught art history at Vanderbilt University, Dartmouth College, Montgomery College, and the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA). Lynes holds a PhD in French Literature from the University of California, Riverside and a PhD in Art History from Indiana University Bloomington. She has written books, book chapters, and essays on O'Keeffe and other American modernists, including the award-winning two volume Georgia O'Keeffe catalogue raisonn\u00e9 (1999) that documents and authenticates O'Keeffe's extensive oeuvre.", "A friend of D.H. Lawrence, Georgia O'Keeffe (1887\u20131986) began to spend summers with the Lawrences starting in 1930. O'Keeffe's inspiration led Lawrence to discover he had a talent for painting, too. She made iconic, colorful paintings of flowers and bones she collected during her walks through the desert. In 1940, she bought her first home in New Mexico. Her husband, Alfred Stieglitz, preferring to stay in New York, O'Keeffe spent much of the year with him. Upon his death in 1946, O'Keeffe moved permanently to her New Mexico home, in an area known as Ghost Ranch, and later built a home in Abiquiu, New Mexico. Like Lawrence, Russian artist Nicolai Fechin (1881\u20131955) suffered from tuberculosis and found Taos helpful for managing his health. In 1927, Fechin moved to Taos with his wife and daughter. For a time they lived with Luhan, but soon purchased an adobe home that was renovated into a beautiful, unusual home with Russian wood carvings, is now the Taos Art Museum. Ansel Easton Adams (1902\u20131984) was a photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. In 1930, Taos Pueblo, Adams's second portfolio, was published. In New Mexico, he was introduced to notables from Alfred Stieglitz's circle, including painter Georgia O'Keeffe, artist John Marin, and photographer Paul Strand, all of whom created famous works during their stays in the Southwest. Cordelia Wilson, an artist from Georgetown, Colorado developed her skills as an artist motivated by latest trends in American realism led by Robert Henri. Her academic training emphasized development of an alla prima technique and painting out of doors, which inspired her to produce bold impasto works quickly.", "University of New Mexico Art Museum The University of New Mexico Art Museum (sometimes referred to as the University Art Museum or UNM Art Museum) is an art museum at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The museum's permanent collection includes nearly 30,000 objects, making it the largest collection of fine art in New Mexico. In the early years following the opening of the museum in 1963, significant exhibitions were held of the work of Georgia O'Keeffe, Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt, Cady Wells, Andrew Dasburg, John Marin, and other Modernists. Van Deren Coke was the founding director of the Art Museum. Robert O. Parks was another early Art Museum director. Georgia O'Keeffe had included the University of New Mexico and another New Mexico museum in her will of 1979, but in a codicil signed in 1984 soon before her death deleted it. An agreement between the State of New Mexico and Juan Hamilton, O'Keeffe's companion and executor of the will, was made in 1986, when the state agreed to drop any challenge to the will in exchange for several O'Keeffe paintings. The Art Museum's permanent collection includes the following collections:  Photographs and prints. This collection includes over 10,000 photographs (ranging from daguerreotypes to digital photographs) and over 17,000 prints (with a focus on lithographs). The earliest prints date to the Nuremberg Chronicle, which appeared in 1493. Many of the museum's photographs, prints, and early cased objects are housed in the museum's Beaumont Newhall Study Room. Beaumont Newhall Collection. The museum holds a collection of works by photographer Beaumont Newhall, who became a professor of art history at UNM in 1971.", "O'Keeffe was a legend beginning in the 1920s, known as much for her independent spirit and female role model, as for her dramatic and innovative works of art. Nancy and Jules Heller said, \"The most remarkable thing about O'Keefe was the audacity and uniqueness of her early work.\" At that time, even in Europe, there were few arts exploring abstraction. Even though her works may show elements of different modernist movements, such as Surrealism and Precisionism, her work is uniquely her own style. She received unprecedented acceptance as a woman artist from the fine art world due to her powerful graphic images and within a decade of moving to New York City, she was the highest paid American woman artist. She was known for a distinctive style in all aspects of her life. O'Keeffe was also known for her relationship with Stieglitz, in which she provided some insight in her autobiography. A substantial part of her estate's assets were transferred to the Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation, a nonprofit. The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum opened in Santa Fe in 1997. The assets included a large body of her work, photographs, archival materials, and her Abiquiu house, library, and property. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio in Abiquiu was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998 and is now owned by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum. In 1996, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 32 cent stamp honoring O'Keeffe. In 2013, on the 100th anniversary of the Armory Show, the USPS issued a stamp featuring O'Keeffe's Black Mesa Landscape, New Mexico/Out Back of Marie's II, 1930 as part of their Modern Art in America series.", "Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is a historic house museum at 12 Palvadera Drive in Abiqui\u00fa, New Mexico. It was from 1945 until 1984 the principal residence and studio of artist Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986). It is now owned and managed by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, through which guided tours can be arranged. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998, as one of the most important artistic sites in the southwestern United States. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is located on the east side of the small unincorporated village of Abiqui\u00fa, just east of the St. Thomas Church. The building is a single-story adobe structure, largely built in the traditional style. It has thick adobe walls, and a flat roof supported by a network of vigas and latillas (smaller wooden elements crossing the larger viga beams). The house is organized in wings a single room deep, which surround a central patio/plaza. The house has a number of modernist elements, including skylights and large picture windows that provide expansive views of the surrounding landscape and brought natural light into areas that such houses traditionally did not have. O'Keeffe was insistent on these types of deviations from the traditional form, stating in an interview that \"I didn't want a Spanish house; I didn't want an Indian house, [or] a Mexican house; I wanted my house!\" Portions of the house are believed to date to the 1730s, and it was in deteriorating condition when Georgia O'Keeffe first spotted it in the 1930s. At the time, it was owned by the Roman Catholic church, which did not want to sell it."], "answer": {"text": "She collected rocks and bones from the desert floor and made them and the distinctive architectural and landscape forms of the area subjects in her work.", "answer_start": 69}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Georgia O'Keeffe arrive in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "O'Keeffe then spent part of nearly every year working in New Mexico.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6956937552ab46d0bf1364b83460cb8b_1_q#2", "question": "Where was she before she went to New Mexico?", "rewrite": "Where was Georgia O'Keeffe before she went to New Mexico?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["University of New Mexico Art Museum The University of New Mexico Art Museum (sometimes referred to as the University Art Museum or UNM Art Museum) is an art museum at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The museum's permanent collection includes nearly 30,000 objects, making it the largest collection of fine art in New Mexico. In the early years following the opening of the museum in 1963, significant exhibitions were held of the work of Georgia O'Keeffe, Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt, Cady Wells, Andrew Dasburg, John Marin, and other Modernists. Van Deren Coke was the founding director of the Art Museum. Robert O. Parks was another early Art Museum director. Georgia O'Keeffe had included the University of New Mexico and another New Mexico museum in her will of 1979, but in a codicil signed in 1984 soon before her death deleted it. An agreement between the State of New Mexico and Juan Hamilton, O'Keeffe's companion and executor of the will, was made in 1986, when the state agreed to drop any challenge to the will in exchange for several O'Keeffe paintings. The Art Museum's permanent collection includes the following collections:  Photographs and prints. This collection includes over 10,000 photographs (ranging from daguerreotypes to digital photographs) and over 17,000 prints (with a focus on lithographs). The earliest prints date to the Nuremberg Chronicle, which appeared in 1493. Many of the museum's photographs, prints, and early cased objects are housed in the museum's Beaumont Newhall Study Room. Beaumont Newhall Collection. The museum holds a collection of works by photographer Beaumont Newhall, who became a professor of art history at UNM in 1971.", "A friend of D.H. Lawrence, Georgia O'Keeffe (1887\u20131986) began to spend summers with the Lawrences starting in 1930. O'Keeffe's inspiration led Lawrence to discover he had a talent for painting, too. She made iconic, colorful paintings of flowers and bones she collected during her walks through the desert. In 1940, she bought her first home in New Mexico. Her husband, Alfred Stieglitz, preferring to stay in New York, O'Keeffe spent much of the year with him. Upon his death in 1946, O'Keeffe moved permanently to her New Mexico home, in an area known as Ghost Ranch, and later built a home in Abiquiu, New Mexico. Like Lawrence, Russian artist Nicolai Fechin (1881\u20131955) suffered from tuberculosis and found Taos helpful for managing his health. In 1927, Fechin moved to Taos with his wife and daughter. For a time they lived with Luhan, but soon purchased an adobe home that was renovated into a beautiful, unusual home with Russian wood carvings, is now the Taos Art Museum. Ansel Easton Adams (1902\u20131984) was a photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. In 1930, Taos Pueblo, Adams's second portfolio, was published. In New Mexico, he was introduced to notables from Alfred Stieglitz's circle, including painter Georgia O'Keeffe, artist John Marin, and photographer Paul Strand, all of whom created famous works during their stays in the Southwest. Cordelia Wilson, an artist from Georgetown, Colorado developed her skills as an artist motivated by latest trends in American realism led by Robert Henri. Her academic training emphasized development of an alla prima technique and painting out of doors, which inspired her to produce bold impasto works quickly.", "Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is a historic house museum at 12 Palvadera Drive in Abiqui\u00fa, New Mexico. It was from 1945 until 1984 the principal residence and studio of artist Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986). It is now owned and managed by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, through which guided tours can be arranged. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998, as one of the most important artistic sites in the southwestern United States. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is located on the east side of the small unincorporated village of Abiqui\u00fa, just east of the St. Thomas Church. The building is a single-story adobe structure, largely built in the traditional style. It has thick adobe walls, and a flat roof supported by a network of vigas and latillas (smaller wooden elements crossing the larger viga beams). The house is organized in wings a single room deep, which surround a central patio/plaza. The house has a number of modernist elements, including skylights and large picture windows that provide expansive views of the surrounding landscape and brought natural light into areas that such houses traditionally did not have. O'Keeffe was insistent on these types of deviations from the traditional form, stating in an interview that \"I didn't want a Spanish house; I didn't want an Indian house, [or] a Mexican house; I wanted my house!\" Portions of the house are believed to date to the 1730s, and it was in deteriorating condition when Georgia O'Keeffe first spotted it in the 1930s. At the time, it was owned by the Roman Catholic church, which did not want to sell it.", "Barbara Buhler Lynes Barbara Buhler Lynes is an art historian, curator, professor, and preeminent scholar on the art and life of Georgia O'Keeffe. She is currently the Sunny Kaufman Senior Curator at the NSU Museum of Art in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. From 1999-2012, she served as the founding curator of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she curated or oversaw more than thirty exhibitions of works by O\u2019Keeffe and her contemporaries. Lynes was also the Founding Emily Fisher Landau Director of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum Research Center from 2001-2012. Prior to her work at the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, Lynes served as an independent consultant to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. from 1992-1999 and has taught art history at Vanderbilt University, Dartmouth College, Montgomery College, and the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA). Lynes holds a PhD in French Literature from the University of California, Riverside and a PhD in Art History from Indiana University Bloomington. She has written books, book chapters, and essays on O'Keeffe and other American modernists, including the award-winning two volume Georgia O'Keeffe catalogue raisonn\u00e9 (1999) that documents and authenticates O'Keeffe's extensive oeuvre.", "O'Keeffe was a legend beginning in the 1920s, known as much for her independent spirit and female role model, as for her dramatic and innovative works of art. Nancy and Jules Heller said, \"The most remarkable thing about O'Keefe was the audacity and uniqueness of her early work.\" At that time, even in Europe, there were few arts exploring abstraction. Even though her works may show elements of different modernist movements, such as Surrealism and Precisionism, her work is uniquely her own style. She received unprecedented acceptance as a woman artist from the fine art world due to her powerful graphic images and within a decade of moving to New York City, she was the highest paid American woman artist. She was known for a distinctive style in all aspects of her life. O'Keeffe was also known for her relationship with Stieglitz, in which she provided some insight in her autobiography. A substantial part of her estate's assets were transferred to the Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation, a nonprofit. The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum opened in Santa Fe in 1997. The assets included a large body of her work, photographs, archival materials, and her Abiquiu house, library, and property. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio in Abiquiu was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998 and is now owned by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum. In 1996, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 32 cent stamp honoring O'Keeffe. In 2013, on the 100th anniversary of the Armory Show, the USPS issued a stamp featuring O'Keeffe's Black Mesa Landscape, New Mexico/Out Back of Marie's II, 1930 as part of their Modern Art in America series."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Georgia O'Keeffe arrive in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "O'Keeffe then spent part of nearly every year working in New Mexico.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Georgia do work on while in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "She collected rocks and bones from the desert floor and made them and the distinctive architectural and landscape forms of the area subjects in her work.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6956937552ab46d0bf1364b83460cb8b_1_q#3", "question": "How long did she stay in New Mexico?", "rewrite": "How long did Georgia O'Keeffe stay in New Mexico?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is a historic house museum at 12 Palvadera Drive in Abiqui\u00fa, New Mexico. It was from 1945 until 1984 the principal residence and studio of artist Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986). It is now owned and managed by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, through which guided tours can be arranged. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998, as one of the most important artistic sites in the southwestern United States. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio is located on the east side of the small unincorporated village of Abiqui\u00fa, just east of the St. Thomas Church. The building is a single-story adobe structure, largely built in the traditional style. It has thick adobe walls, and a flat roof supported by a network of vigas and latillas (smaller wooden elements crossing the larger viga beams). The house is organized in wings a single room deep, which surround a central patio/plaza. The house has a number of modernist elements, including skylights and large picture windows that provide expansive views of the surrounding landscape and brought natural light into areas that such houses traditionally did not have. O'Keeffe was insistent on these types of deviations from the traditional form, stating in an interview that \"I didn't want a Spanish house; I didn't want an Indian house, [or] a Mexican house; I wanted my house!\" Portions of the house are believed to date to the 1730s, and it was in deteriorating condition when Georgia O'Keeffe first spotted it in the 1930s. At the time, it was owned by the Roman Catholic church, which did not want to sell it.", "Barbara Buhler Lynes Barbara Buhler Lynes is an art historian, curator, professor, and preeminent scholar on the art and life of Georgia O'Keeffe. She is currently the Sunny Kaufman Senior Curator at the NSU Museum of Art in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. From 1999-2012, she served as the founding curator of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she curated or oversaw more than thirty exhibitions of works by O\u2019Keeffe and her contemporaries. Lynes was also the Founding Emily Fisher Landau Director of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum Research Center from 2001-2012. Prior to her work at the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, Lynes served as an independent consultant to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. from 1992-1999 and has taught art history at Vanderbilt University, Dartmouth College, Montgomery College, and the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA). Lynes holds a PhD in French Literature from the University of California, Riverside and a PhD in Art History from Indiana University Bloomington. She has written books, book chapters, and essays on O'Keeffe and other American modernists, including the award-winning two volume Georgia O'Keeffe catalogue raisonn\u00e9 (1999) that documents and authenticates O'Keeffe's extensive oeuvre.", "University of New Mexico Art Museum The University of New Mexico Art Museum (sometimes referred to as the University Art Museum or UNM Art Museum) is an art museum at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. The museum's permanent collection includes nearly 30,000 objects, making it the largest collection of fine art in New Mexico. In the early years following the opening of the museum in 1963, significant exhibitions were held of the work of Georgia O'Keeffe, Bror Julius Olsson Nordfeldt, Cady Wells, Andrew Dasburg, John Marin, and other Modernists. Van Deren Coke was the founding director of the Art Museum. Robert O. Parks was another early Art Museum director. Georgia O'Keeffe had included the University of New Mexico and another New Mexico museum in her will of 1979, but in a codicil signed in 1984 soon before her death deleted it. An agreement between the State of New Mexico and Juan Hamilton, O'Keeffe's companion and executor of the will, was made in 1986, when the state agreed to drop any challenge to the will in exchange for several O'Keeffe paintings. The Art Museum's permanent collection includes the following collections:  Photographs and prints. This collection includes over 10,000 photographs (ranging from daguerreotypes to digital photographs) and over 17,000 prints (with a focus on lithographs). The earliest prints date to the Nuremberg Chronicle, which appeared in 1493. Many of the museum's photographs, prints, and early cased objects are housed in the museum's Beaumont Newhall Study Room. Beaumont Newhall Collection. The museum holds a collection of works by photographer Beaumont Newhall, who became a professor of art history at UNM in 1971.", "O'Keeffe was a legend beginning in the 1920s, known as much for her independent spirit and female role model, as for her dramatic and innovative works of art. Nancy and Jules Heller said, \"The most remarkable thing about O'Keefe was the audacity and uniqueness of her early work.\" At that time, even in Europe, there were few arts exploring abstraction. Even though her works may show elements of different modernist movements, such as Surrealism and Precisionism, her work is uniquely her own style. She received unprecedented acceptance as a woman artist from the fine art world due to her powerful graphic images and within a decade of moving to New York City, she was the highest paid American woman artist. She was known for a distinctive style in all aspects of her life. O'Keeffe was also known for her relationship with Stieglitz, in which she provided some insight in her autobiography. A substantial part of her estate's assets were transferred to the Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation, a nonprofit. The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum opened in Santa Fe in 1997. The assets included a large body of her work, photographs, archival materials, and her Abiquiu house, library, and property. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio in Abiquiu was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998 and is now owned by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum. In 1996, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 32 cent stamp honoring O'Keeffe. In 2013, on the 100th anniversary of the Armory Show, the USPS issued a stamp featuring O'Keeffe's Black Mesa Landscape, New Mexico/Out Back of Marie's II, 1930 as part of their Modern Art in America series.", "A friend of D.H. Lawrence, Georgia O'Keeffe (1887\u20131986) began to spend summers with the Lawrences starting in 1930. O'Keeffe's inspiration led Lawrence to discover he had a talent for painting, too. She made iconic, colorful paintings of flowers and bones she collected during her walks through the desert. In 1940, she bought her first home in New Mexico. Her husband, Alfred Stieglitz, preferring to stay in New York, O'Keeffe spent much of the year with him. Upon his death in 1946, O'Keeffe moved permanently to her New Mexico home, in an area known as Ghost Ranch, and later built a home in Abiquiu, New Mexico. Like Lawrence, Russian artist Nicolai Fechin (1881\u20131955) suffered from tuberculosis and found Taos helpful for managing his health. In 1927, Fechin moved to Taos with his wife and daughter. For a time they lived with Luhan, but soon purchased an adobe home that was renovated into a beautiful, unusual home with Russian wood carvings, is now the Taos Art Museum. Ansel Easton Adams (1902\u20131984) was a photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. In 1930, Taos Pueblo, Adams's second portfolio, was published. In New Mexico, he was introduced to notables from Alfred Stieglitz's circle, including painter Georgia O'Keeffe, artist John Marin, and photographer Paul Strand, all of whom created famous works during their stays in the Southwest. Cordelia Wilson, an artist from Georgetown, Colorado developed her skills as an artist motivated by latest trends in American realism led by Robert Henri. Her academic training emphasized development of an alla prima technique and painting out of doors, which inspired her to produce bold impasto works quickly."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Georgia O'Keeffe arrive in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "O'Keeffe then spent part of nearly every year working in New Mexico.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Georgia do work on while in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "She collected rocks and bones from the desert floor and made them and the distinctive architectural and landscape forms of the area subjects in her work.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she before she went to New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6956937552ab46d0bf1364b83460cb8b_1_q#4", "question": "When did Georgia go to New York?", "rewrite": "When did Georgia O'Keeffe go to New York?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["O'Keeffe was a legend beginning in the 1920s, known as much for her independent spirit and female role model, as for her dramatic and innovative works of art. Nancy and Jules Heller said, \"The most remarkable thing about O'Keefe was the audacity and uniqueness of her early work.\" At that time, even in Europe, there were few arts exploring abstraction. Even though her works may show elements of different modernist movements, such as Surrealism and Precisionism, her work is uniquely her own style. She received unprecedented acceptance as a woman artist from the fine art world due to her powerful graphic images and within a decade of moving to New York City, she was the highest paid American woman artist. She was known for a distinctive style in all aspects of her life. O'Keeffe was also known for her relationship with Stieglitz, in which she provided some insight in her autobiography. A substantial part of her estate's assets were transferred to the Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation, a nonprofit. The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum opened in Santa Fe in 1997. The assets included a large body of her work, photographs, archival materials, and her Abiquiu house, library, and property. The Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio in Abiquiu was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998 and is now owned by the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum. In 1996, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 32 cent stamp honoring O'Keeffe. In 2013, on the 100th anniversary of the Armory Show, the USPS issued a stamp featuring O'Keeffe's Black Mesa Landscape, New Mexico/Out Back of Marie's II, 1930 as part of their Modern Art in America series.", "Chicago Teacher Education Pipeline The Chicago Teacher Education Pipeline is a partnership by Illinois State University and the Chicago Public School District to prepare qualified teachers for high-need schools. The partners' mission is to increase urban teacher recruitment and improve urban teacher retention through immersive programming. The Chicago Teacher Education Pipeline program began in 2003 through a United States Department of Education, No Child Left Behind federal earmark grant of $198,000. Its office is located in Chicago, Illinois in the East Garfield Park neighborhood. The Chicago Teacher Education Pipeline also partners with Enlace-Chicago in Little Village, the Greater Auburn Gresham Community Development Corporation in Auburn Gresham, and the North River Commission in Albany Park. It is developing a new model for educational renewal through the construction of a community-based residential facility for teacher candidates. The project seeks to address the issue of a shortage of teachers in Chicago's public schools by focusing on recruitment, urban teacher preparation, community-based clinical experiences, faculty development and research. The focus of the program is to develop sustainable responses to challenges faced by urban school districts in hiring effective teachers. The Chicago Teacher Pipeline works with its partners to address urban teacher shortages by: First-year teachers tend to choose to teach in school districts near to where they grew up. By preparing student teachers to live and work in urban settings, and by recruiting students from urban schools for teacher preparation, the Chicago Teacher Education Pipeline works to provide Chicago Public Schools with a continuous supply of well-trained multicultural teachers. The project also offers a variety of professional development, research, and services to community members and students. The Chicago Teacher Education Pipeline project is currently working to establish a community-based facility that provides:  The Professional Articulation for Recruiting/Retaining Teachers for Neighborhood Engagement and Renewal (PARTNER) Project will increase the number of individuals from the Little Village community who enter teacher education programs and return to Chicago to teach.", "Ida O'Keeffe Ida Ten Eyck O'Keeffe (October 23, 1889 \u2013 September 27, 1961) was an American visual artist known for oil paintings, watercolors, and monotypes. Ida O'Keeffe was born in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, on October 23, 1889. She was the third of seven children. When Ida was 13, the family moved to Williamsburg, Virginia, where O'Keeffe took drawing classes in summer school at the University of Virginia. With her younger sister Anita and her more famous older sister Georgia, she studied art with local watercolor artist Sara Mann. They also had two grandmothers who were artists. O'Keeffe's artistic start was as a printmaker. She then briefly worked as a nurse before earning her Master of Fine Arts degree from Columbia University. She painted approximately 70 canvases during her career. Her major themes included colorful, abstracted landscapes, and naturalistic still lifes. A number of her works feature lighthouses. She exhibited some works with her sisters Catherine and Georgia. Georgia gained more fame, partly because of a husband who worked as a well-known photographer and gallerist. O'Keeffe is known to have said, \"I'd be famous, too, if I'd have had a Stieglitz. \" A 1933 review in a newspaper read \"Georgia remains supreme.\" O'Keeffe's first exhibition was in 1927 at the Opportunity Gallery in New York, where she was identified as Ida Ten Eyck, to avoid being compared to her sister, Georgia. In 1974, she was featured in an exhibition in Santa Fe. She was featured in a solo exhibition at the Dallas Museum of Art entitled \"Ida O'Keeffe: Escaping Georgia's Shadow\".", "Barbara Buhler Lynes Barbara Buhler Lynes is an art historian, curator, professor, and preeminent scholar on the art and life of Georgia O'Keeffe. She is currently the Sunny Kaufman Senior Curator at the NSU Museum of Art in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. From 1999-2012, she served as the founding curator of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where she curated or oversaw more than thirty exhibitions of works by O\u2019Keeffe and her contemporaries. Lynes was also the Founding Emily Fisher Landau Director of the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum Research Center from 2001-2012. Prior to her work at the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, Lynes served as an independent consultant to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. from 1992-1999 and has taught art history at Vanderbilt University, Dartmouth College, Montgomery College, and the Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA). Lynes holds a PhD in French Literature from the University of California, Riverside and a PhD in Art History from Indiana University Bloomington. She has written books, book chapters, and essays on O'Keeffe and other American modernists, including the award-winning two volume Georgia O'Keeffe catalogue raisonn\u00e9 (1999) that documents and authenticates O'Keeffe's extensive oeuvre.", "In May 2014, the museum opened a regional office in Dallas, Texas, led by Betty Brownlee. The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum Research Center opened in July 2001. Its opening was celebrated with a three-day symposium, \"Defining American Modernism, 1890-Present,\" which included a keynote address by Kirk Varnedoe, chief curator of painting and sculpture at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. It is housed in a Pueblo Revival-style building located at 135 Grant Street in Santa Fe. The building includes six offices, a library, archives, and meeting rooms. It was renovated by Gluckman Mayner Architects, New York. The research center is the only museum-related research facility in the world dedicated to the study of American modernism. Its collection includes O\u2019Keeffe's library from her Ghost Ranch house, archives with numerous documents and correspondence pertaining to O\u2019Keeffe and her contemporaries, and all of the personal property O\u2019Keeffe owned at the time of her death in 1986, including artist materials and found objects, some of which are on view for scholars in glass-topped drawers. In 2006, the museum became the steward of the historic Georgia O'Keeffe Home and Studio in Abiqui\u00fa, about 53 miles north of Santa Fe. The museum also owns and maintains O'Keeffe's Ghost Ranch property, 20 minutes north of Abiqui\u00fa, which is not currently open to the public. The Georgia O'Keeffe Foundation was established as a self-limiting nonprofit organization in 1989, with the purpose of expanding and publicizing the artistic legacy of Georgia O'Keeffe to help resolve a legal dispute between Juan Hamilton, O'Keeffe's assistant late in her life, and two of O'Keeffe's relatives over O'Keeffe's will."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Georgia O'Keeffe arrive in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "O'Keeffe then spent part of nearly every year working in New Mexico.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Georgia do work on while in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "She collected rocks and bones from the desert floor and made them and the distinctive architectural and landscape forms of the area subjects in her work.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was she before she went to New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did she stay in New Mexico?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#0", "question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "rewrite": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Linguistic determinism Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people who speak different languages as their mother tongues have different thought processes. Linguistic determinism is the \"strong\" form of linguistic relativity (popularly known as the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis), which argues that individuals experience the world based on the structure of the language they habitually use. Though it played a considerable role historically, linguistic determinism is now discredited among mainstream linguists. The principle of linguistic relativity (or, in other words, the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis) in its strong deterministic form first found its clear expression in writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\u201d is considered a misnomer by linguists and academics, because Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works (although they did work together, Sapir being Whorf's mentor), and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis. The distinction between a weak and a strong version of this hypothesis is also a later invention; Sapir and Whorf never set up such a dichotomy, although often in their writings their views of this relativity principle are phrased in stronger or weaker terms. The two linguists were nevertheless among the first to formulate the principle of linguistic relativity. Sapir exercised the idea that language is essential to understanding one's worldview and that difference in language implies a difference in social reality. Though he never directly explored how language affects thought, significant traces of the linguistic relativity principle underlie his perception of language. Whorf took further and reformulated Sapir's thought in his essay \u201cScience and Linguistics\u201d.", "Mike Whorf Michael \"Mike\" Whorf (born April 21, 1932) is an American radio personality based in Detroit, Michigan. He was an announcer and program host on WJR from 1964 to 2003. Whorf was producer and host of the George Foster Peabody Award-winning documentary/narrative program \"Kaleidoscope\", a combination of storytelling, interview, historic recordings and music on a particular topic. Whorf was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and spent his childhood and teen years in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His father was internationally renowned watercolorist John Whorf. Whorf's sisters Carol Whorf Westcott and Nancy Whorf Kelly were also Provincetown artists, and his brother John was an established applied artist in Hingham. Whorf's son Peter Whorf has served as a program director at WNYC-FM and is now the station manager at WKAR public radio at Michigan State University www.msu.edu. Whorf is nephew of linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf and nephew of actor and television director Richard Whorf. Whorf graduated from Provincetown High School in 1950. Upon graduation, Whorf enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) where he served as a radio announcer and entertainer on the Armed Forces Network. His tour of duty included assignments at air bases in California, Texas and Morocco. He narrated short informational films, including one regarding the M65 Atomic Cannon produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Laboratory Air Charting and Photographic Services in Hollywood. After his honorable discharge from the USAF, Whorf worked as an announcer at WOCB in West Yarmouth, Massachusetts and at WCOJ in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where he met and married his wife Barbara Ann Brown. He later developed the \"Kaleidoscope\" predecessor \"Tempo\" while on the air at WTAG in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "It seeks to understand individual expression, which the investment in the linguistic tools that one has access to in order to bring oneself to other people. Sociology of language, particularly American sociolinguistics, was regarded to have been founded in the early 1960s, mainly by William Labov, who developed much of the methodology. Linguistic relativity, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, is named after Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Lee Whorf, although neither scholar used the term. Strong versions of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggest that an individual's language has a profound impact on the way the individual thinks and acts, while the weaker version proposes that language has merely a small influence on an individual's behavior. Some linguists argue that if individuals were truly so profoundly different as a result of their languages, then it would be immensely difficult to translate works between cultures and languages. However, there are Linguistic universals that occur in most, if not all, natural languages. Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural translations happen everyday, some even in a fraction of a second thanks to Artificial intelligence linguistic models such as Google Translate. Further criticism was met from fellow linguist Steven Pinker, who was skeptical of Whorf's evidence based on the Hopi language. According to Pinker, Whorf is \"an amateur scholar of Native American languages\" whose claims are not credible and do not make sense. It has widely been asserted that there are \"many hundreds\" of words for snow in the Inuit language, allegedly due to an improper paraphrase of Franz Boas on Benjamin Whorf's part that changed the meaning of the original text. Although there may not be hundreds of distinct Inuit words for snow, snow expert Matthew Sturm agrees that the English snow lexicon is overall \"clearly inferior\" to the Inuit snow lexicon.", "Though influential in their own right, this work has not been influential in the debate on linguistic relativity, which has tended to center on the American paradigm exemplified by Sapir and Whorf. More than any linguist, Benjamin Lee Whorf has become associated with what he called the \"linguistic relativity principle\". Studying Native American languages, he attempted to account for the ways in which grammatical systems and language use differences affected perception. Whorf also examined how a scientific account of the world differed from a religious account, which led him to study the original languages of religious scripture and to write several anti-evolutionist pamphlets. Whorf's opinions regarding the nature of the relation between language and thought remain under contention. Critics such as Lenneberg, Black and Pinker attribute to Whorf a strong linguistic determinism, while Lucy, Silverstein and Levinson point to Whorf's explicit rejections of determinism, and where he contends that translation and commensuration is possible. Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence. His peers at Yale University considered the 'amateur' Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937\u201338. He was highly regarded by authorities such as Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield and Tozzer. Indeed, Lucy wrote, \"despite his 'amateur' status, Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists\". Detractors such as Lenneberg, Chomsky and Pinker criticized him for insufficient clarity in his description of how language influences thought, and for not proving his conjectures.", "Richard Whorf Richard Whorf (June 4, 1906 \u2013 December 14, 1966) was an American actor, author, director, and designer. Whorf was born in Winthrop, Massachusetts to Harry and Sarah (n\u00e9e Lee) Whorf. His older brother was linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorf began his acting career on the Boston stage as a teenager, then moved to Broadway at age 21. He had a role in a production of \"Taming of the Shrew\" at the Globe Theatre in New York City. He moved to Hollywood and became a contract player in films of the 1930s and 1940s before becoming a director in 1944. He played a famous painter who had resorted to drinking in the 1960 episode \"The Illustrator\" of \"The Rifleman\", starring Chuck Connors and Johnny Crawford. He directed a number of television programs in the 1950s and 1960s, including early episodes of \"Gunsmoke\" and \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (most if not all of the first two seasons), and the entire second season of \"My Three Sons\". He directed the short-lived series \"Border Patrol\", and the 1964\u20131965 ABC sitcom \"Mickey\", starring Mickey Rooney. In the summer of 1960, he guest-starred in one episode and directed other segments of the short-lived western series \"Tate\". Whorf directed the unsuccessful 1961 stage comedy \"Julia, Jake and Uncle Joe\". His hobby was painting; he sold his first painting at the age of 15 for $100. Whorf died at age 60 on December 14, 1966. His grave site is at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles."], "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#1", "question": "What was his influence", "rewrite": "What was Benjamin Lee Whorf's influence?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It seeks to understand individual expression, which the investment in the linguistic tools that one has access to in order to bring oneself to other people. Sociology of language, particularly American sociolinguistics, was regarded to have been founded in the early 1960s, mainly by William Labov, who developed much of the methodology. Linguistic relativity, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, is named after Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Lee Whorf, although neither scholar used the term. Strong versions of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggest that an individual's language has a profound impact on the way the individual thinks and acts, while the weaker version proposes that language has merely a small influence on an individual's behavior. Some linguists argue that if individuals were truly so profoundly different as a result of their languages, then it would be immensely difficult to translate works between cultures and languages. However, there are Linguistic universals that occur in most, if not all, natural languages. Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural translations happen everyday, some even in a fraction of a second thanks to Artificial intelligence linguistic models such as Google Translate. Further criticism was met from fellow linguist Steven Pinker, who was skeptical of Whorf's evidence based on the Hopi language. According to Pinker, Whorf is \"an amateur scholar of Native American languages\" whose claims are not credible and do not make sense. It has widely been asserted that there are \"many hundreds\" of words for snow in the Inuit language, allegedly due to an improper paraphrase of Franz Boas on Benjamin Whorf's part that changed the meaning of the original text. Although there may not be hundreds of distinct Inuit words for snow, snow expert Matthew Sturm agrees that the English snow lexicon is overall \"clearly inferior\" to the Inuit snow lexicon.", "Richard Whorf Richard Whorf (June 4, 1906 \u2013 December 14, 1966) was an American actor, author, director, and designer. Whorf was born in Winthrop, Massachusetts to Harry and Sarah (n\u00e9e Lee) Whorf. His older brother was linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorf began his acting career on the Boston stage as a teenager, then moved to Broadway at age 21. He had a role in a production of \"Taming of the Shrew\" at the Globe Theatre in New York City. He moved to Hollywood and became a contract player in films of the 1930s and 1940s before becoming a director in 1944. He played a famous painter who had resorted to drinking in the 1960 episode \"The Illustrator\" of \"The Rifleman\", starring Chuck Connors and Johnny Crawford. He directed a number of television programs in the 1950s and 1960s, including early episodes of \"Gunsmoke\" and \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (most if not all of the first two seasons), and the entire second season of \"My Three Sons\". He directed the short-lived series \"Border Patrol\", and the 1964\u20131965 ABC sitcom \"Mickey\", starring Mickey Rooney. In the summer of 1960, he guest-starred in one episode and directed other segments of the short-lived western series \"Tate\". Whorf directed the unsuccessful 1961 stage comedy \"Julia, Jake and Uncle Joe\". His hobby was painting; he sold his first painting at the age of 15 for $100. Whorf died at age 60 on December 14, 1966. His grave site is at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles.", "Linguistic determinism Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people who speak different languages as their mother tongues have different thought processes. Linguistic determinism is the \"strong\" form of linguistic relativity (popularly known as the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis), which argues that individuals experience the world based on the structure of the language they habitually use. Though it played a considerable role historically, linguistic determinism is now discredited among mainstream linguists. The principle of linguistic relativity (or, in other words, the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis) in its strong deterministic form first found its clear expression in writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\u201d is considered a misnomer by linguists and academics, because Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works (although they did work together, Sapir being Whorf's mentor), and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis. The distinction between a weak and a strong version of this hypothesis is also a later invention; Sapir and Whorf never set up such a dichotomy, although often in their writings their views of this relativity principle are phrased in stronger or weaker terms. The two linguists were nevertheless among the first to formulate the principle of linguistic relativity. Sapir exercised the idea that language is essential to understanding one's worldview and that difference in language implies a difference in social reality. Though he never directly explored how language affects thought, significant traces of the linguistic relativity principle underlie his perception of language. Whorf took further and reformulated Sapir's thought in his essay \u201cScience and Linguistics\u201d.", "Mike Whorf Michael \"Mike\" Whorf (born April 21, 1932) is an American radio personality based in Detroit, Michigan. He was an announcer and program host on WJR from 1964 to 2003. Whorf was producer and host of the George Foster Peabody Award-winning documentary/narrative program \"Kaleidoscope\", a combination of storytelling, interview, historic recordings and music on a particular topic. Whorf was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and spent his childhood and teen years in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His father was internationally renowned watercolorist John Whorf. Whorf's sisters Carol Whorf Westcott and Nancy Whorf Kelly were also Provincetown artists, and his brother John was an established applied artist in Hingham. Whorf's son Peter Whorf has served as a program director at WNYC-FM and is now the station manager at WKAR public radio at Michigan State University www.msu.edu. Whorf is nephew of linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf and nephew of actor and television director Richard Whorf. Whorf graduated from Provincetown High School in 1950. Upon graduation, Whorf enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) where he served as a radio announcer and entertainer on the Armed Forces Network. His tour of duty included assignments at air bases in California, Texas and Morocco. He narrated short informational films, including one regarding the M65 Atomic Cannon produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Laboratory Air Charting and Photographic Services in Hollywood. After his honorable discharge from the USAF, Whorf worked as an announcer at WOCB in West Yarmouth, Massachusetts and at WCOJ in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where he met and married his wife Barbara Ann Brown. He later developed the \"Kaleidoscope\" predecessor \"Tempo\" while on the air at WTAG in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "Though influential in their own right, this work has not been influential in the debate on linguistic relativity, which has tended to center on the American paradigm exemplified by Sapir and Whorf. More than any linguist, Benjamin Lee Whorf has become associated with what he called the \"linguistic relativity principle\". Studying Native American languages, he attempted to account for the ways in which grammatical systems and language use differences affected perception. Whorf also examined how a scientific account of the world differed from a religious account, which led him to study the original languages of religious scripture and to write several anti-evolutionist pamphlets. Whorf's opinions regarding the nature of the relation between language and thought remain under contention. Critics such as Lenneberg, Black and Pinker attribute to Whorf a strong linguistic determinism, while Lucy, Silverstein and Levinson point to Whorf's explicit rejections of determinism, and where he contends that translation and commensuration is possible. Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence. His peers at Yale University considered the 'amateur' Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937\u201338. He was highly regarded by authorities such as Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield and Tozzer. Indeed, Lucy wrote, \"despite his 'amateur' status, Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists\". Detractors such as Lenneberg, Chomsky and Pinker criticized him for insufficient clarity in his description of how language influences thought, and for not proving his conjectures."], "answer": {"text": "If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#2", "question": "Tell me more about his ideas", "rewrite": "Tell me more about Benjamin Lee Whorf ideas besides supporting linguistic determinism", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Members of the early 20th-century school of American anthropology headed by Franz Boas and Edward Sapir also embraced forms of the idea to a certain extent, including in a 1928 meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, but Sapir in particular, wrote more often against than in favor of anything like linguistic determinism. Sapir's student, Benjamin Lee Whorf, came to be seen as the primary proponent as a result of his published observations of how he perceived linguistic differences to have consequences in human cognition and behavior. Harry Hoijer, another of Sapir's students, introduced the term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\", even though the two scholars never formally advanced any such hypothesis. A strong version of relativist theory was developed from the late 1920s by the German linguist Leo Weisgerber. Whorf's principle of linguistic relativity was reformulated as a testable hypothesis by Roger Brown and Eric Lenneberg who conducted experiments designed to find out whether color perception varies between speakers of languages that classified colors differently. As the study of the universal nature of human language and cognition came into focus in the 1960s the idea of linguistic relativity fell out of favor among linguists. A 1969 study by Brent Berlin and Paul Kay demonstrated the existence of universal semantic constraints in the field of colour terminology which were widely seen to discredit the existence of linguistic relativity in this domain, although this conclusion has been disputed by relativist researchers. From the late 1980s, a new school of linguistic relativity scholars has examined the effects of differences in linguistic categorization on cognition, finding broad support for non-deterministic versions of the hypothesis in experimental contexts. Some effects of linguistic relativity have been shown in several semantic domains, although they are generally weak.", "Though influential in their own right, this work has not been influential in the debate on linguistic relativity, which has tended to center on the American paradigm exemplified by Sapir and Whorf. More than any linguist, Benjamin Lee Whorf has become associated with what he called the \"linguistic relativity principle\". Studying Native American languages, he attempted to account for the ways in which grammatical systems and language use differences affected perception. Whorf also examined how a scientific account of the world differed from a religious account, which led him to study the original languages of religious scripture and to write several anti-evolutionist pamphlets. Whorf's opinions regarding the nature of the relation between language and thought remain under contention. Critics such as Lenneberg, Black and Pinker attribute to Whorf a strong linguistic determinism, while Lucy, Silverstein and Levinson point to Whorf's explicit rejections of determinism, and where he contends that translation and commensuration is possible. Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence. His peers at Yale University considered the 'amateur' Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937\u201338. He was highly regarded by authorities such as Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield and Tozzer. Indeed, Lucy wrote, \"despite his 'amateur' status, Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists\". Detractors such as Lenneberg, Chomsky and Pinker criticized him for insufficient clarity in his description of how language influences thought, and for not proving his conjectures.", "Linguistic determinism Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people who speak different languages as their mother tongues have different thought processes. Linguistic determinism is the \"strong\" form of linguistic relativity (popularly known as the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis), which argues that individuals experience the world based on the structure of the language they habitually use. Though it played a considerable role historically, linguistic determinism is now discredited among mainstream linguists. The principle of linguistic relativity (or, in other words, the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis) in its strong deterministic form first found its clear expression in writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\u201d is considered a misnomer by linguists and academics, because Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works (although they did work together, Sapir being Whorf's mentor), and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis. The distinction between a weak and a strong version of this hypothesis is also a later invention; Sapir and Whorf never set up such a dichotomy, although often in their writings their views of this relativity principle are phrased in stronger or weaker terms. The two linguists were nevertheless among the first to formulate the principle of linguistic relativity. Sapir exercised the idea that language is essential to understanding one's worldview and that difference in language implies a difference in social reality. Though he never directly explored how language affects thought, significant traces of the linguistic relativity principle underlie his perception of language. Whorf took further and reformulated Sapir's thought in his essay \u201cScience and Linguistics\u201d.", "Both these Canadian theorists saw media as the essence of civilization. The association of different media with particular mental consequences by McLuhan and others can be seen as related to technological determinism. It is this variety of determinism that is referred to as media determinism. According to McLuhan, there is an association between communications media/technology and language; similarly, Benjamin Lee Whorf argues that language shapes our perception of thinking (linguistic determinism). For McLuhan, media is a more powerful and explicit determinant than is the more general concept of language. McLuhan was not necessarily a hard determinist. As a more moderate version of media determinism, he proposed that our use of particular media may have subtle influences on us, but more importantly, it is the social context of use that is crucial. See also Media ecology. Media determinism is a form of the popular dominant theory of the relationship between technology and society. In a determinist view, technology takes on an active life of its own and is seen be as a driver of social phenomena. Innis believed that the social, cultural, political, and economic developments of each historical period can be related directly to the technology of the means of mass communication of that period. In this sense, like Dr. Frankenstein's monster, technology itself appears to be alive, or at least capable of shaping human behavior. However, it has been increasingly subject to critical review by scholars. For example, scholar Raymond Williams, criticizes media determinism and rather believes social movements define technological and media processes. With regard to communications media, audience determinism is a viewpoint opposed to media determinism. This is described as instead of media being presented as doing things to people; the stress is on the way people do things with media.", "Mike Whorf Michael \"Mike\" Whorf (born April 21, 1932) is an American radio personality based in Detroit, Michigan. He was an announcer and program host on WJR from 1964 to 2003. Whorf was producer and host of the George Foster Peabody Award-winning documentary/narrative program \"Kaleidoscope\", a combination of storytelling, interview, historic recordings and music on a particular topic. Whorf was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and spent his childhood and teen years in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His father was internationally renowned watercolorist John Whorf. Whorf's sisters Carol Whorf Westcott and Nancy Whorf Kelly were also Provincetown artists, and his brother John was an established applied artist in Hingham. Whorf's son Peter Whorf has served as a program director at WNYC-FM and is now the station manager at WKAR public radio at Michigan State University www.msu.edu. Whorf is nephew of linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf and nephew of actor and television director Richard Whorf. Whorf graduated from Provincetown High School in 1950. Upon graduation, Whorf enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) where he served as a radio announcer and entertainer on the Armed Forces Network. His tour of duty included assignments at air bases in California, Texas and Morocco. He narrated short informational films, including one regarding the M65 Atomic Cannon produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Laboratory Air Charting and Photographic Services in Hollywood. After his honorable discharge from the USAF, Whorf worked as an announcer at WOCB in West Yarmouth, Massachusetts and at WCOJ in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where he met and married his wife Barbara Ann Brown. He later developed the \"Kaleidoscope\" predecessor \"Tempo\" while on the air at WTAG in Worcester, Massachusetts."], "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds--and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds.", "answer_start": 403}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his influence", "answer": {"text": "If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Benjamin Lee Whorf's ideas?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Whorf's law Whorf's law is a sound law in Uto-Aztecan linguistics proposed by the linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf. It explains the origin in the Nahuan languages of the phoneme which is not found in any of the other languages of the Uto-Aztecan family. The existence of in Nahuatl had puzzled previous linguists and caused Edward Sapir to reconstruct a phoneme for Proto-Uto-Aztecan based only on evidence from Aztecan. In a 1937 paper published in the journal American Anthropologist, Whorf argued that phoneme was a result of some of the Nahuan or Aztecan languages having undergone a sound change changing the original */t/ to in the position before */a/. The sound law has come to be known as \"Whorf's law\" and is still considered valid, although a more detailed understanding of the precise conditions under which it took place has been developed. The situation had been obscured by the fact that often the */a/ had then subsequently been lost or changed to another vowel, making it difficult to realize what had conditioned the change. Because some Nahuan languages have /t/ and others have , Whorf thought that the law had been limited to certain dialects and that the dialects that had /t/ were more conservative. In 1978, Lyle Campbell and Ronald Langacker showed that in fact, Whorf's law had affected all of the Nahuan languages and that some dialects had subsequently changed to /l/ or back to /t/, but it remains evident that the language went through a /t\u026c/ stage. In 1996, Alexis Manaster Ramer showed that the sound change had in fact also happened before the Proto-Uto-Aztecan high central vowel * //,", "Richard Whorf Richard Whorf (June 4, 1906 \u2013 December 14, 1966) was an American actor, author, director, and designer. Whorf was born in Winthrop, Massachusetts to Harry and Sarah (n\u00e9e Lee) Whorf. His older brother was linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorf began his acting career on the Boston stage as a teenager, then moved to Broadway at age 21. He had a role in a production of \"Taming of the Shrew\" at the Globe Theatre in New York City. He moved to Hollywood and became a contract player in films of the 1930s and 1940s before becoming a director in 1944. He played a famous painter who had resorted to drinking in the 1960 episode \"The Illustrator\" of \"The Rifleman\", starring Chuck Connors and Johnny Crawford. He directed a number of television programs in the 1950s and 1960s, including early episodes of \"Gunsmoke\" and \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (most if not all of the first two seasons), and the entire second season of \"My Three Sons\". He directed the short-lived series \"Border Patrol\", and the 1964\u20131965 ABC sitcom \"Mickey\", starring Mickey Rooney. In the summer of 1960, he guest-starred in one episode and directed other segments of the short-lived western series \"Tate\". Whorf directed the unsuccessful 1961 stage comedy \"Julia, Jake and Uncle Joe\". His hobby was painting; he sold his first painting at the age of 15 for $100. Whorf died at age 60 on December 14, 1966. His grave site is at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles.", "Though influential in their own right, this work has not been influential in the debate on linguistic relativity, which has tended to center on the American paradigm exemplified by Sapir and Whorf. More than any linguist, Benjamin Lee Whorf has become associated with what he called the \"linguistic relativity principle\". Studying Native American languages, he attempted to account for the ways in which grammatical systems and language use differences affected perception. Whorf also examined how a scientific account of the world differed from a religious account, which led him to study the original languages of religious scripture and to write several anti-evolutionist pamphlets. Whorf's opinions regarding the nature of the relation between language and thought remain under contention. Critics such as Lenneberg, Black and Pinker attribute to Whorf a strong linguistic determinism, while Lucy, Silverstein and Levinson point to Whorf's explicit rejections of determinism, and where he contends that translation and commensuration is possible. Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence. His peers at Yale University considered the 'amateur' Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937\u201338. He was highly regarded by authorities such as Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield and Tozzer. Indeed, Lucy wrote, \"despite his 'amateur' status, Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists\". Detractors such as Lenneberg, Chomsky and Pinker criticized him for insufficient clarity in his description of how language influences thought, and for not proving his conjectures.", "Linguistic determinism Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people who speak different languages as their mother tongues have different thought processes. Linguistic determinism is the \"strong\" form of linguistic relativity (popularly known as the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis), which argues that individuals experience the world based on the structure of the language they habitually use. Though it played a considerable role historically, linguistic determinism is now discredited among mainstream linguists. The principle of linguistic relativity (or, in other words, the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis) in its strong deterministic form first found its clear expression in writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\u201d is considered a misnomer by linguists and academics, because Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works (although they did work together, Sapir being Whorf's mentor), and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis. The distinction between a weak and a strong version of this hypothesis is also a later invention; Sapir and Whorf never set up such a dichotomy, although often in their writings their views of this relativity principle are phrased in stronger or weaker terms. The two linguists were nevertheless among the first to formulate the principle of linguistic relativity. Sapir exercised the idea that language is essential to understanding one's worldview and that difference in language implies a difference in social reality. Though he never directly explored how language affects thought, significant traces of the linguistic relativity principle underlie his perception of language. Whorf took further and reformulated Sapir's thought in his essay \u201cScience and Linguistics\u201d.", "Mike Whorf Michael \"Mike\" Whorf (born April 21, 1932) is an American radio personality based in Detroit, Michigan. He was an announcer and program host on WJR from 1964 to 2003. Whorf was producer and host of the George Foster Peabody Award-winning documentary/narrative program \"Kaleidoscope\", a combination of storytelling, interview, historic recordings and music on a particular topic. Whorf was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and spent his childhood and teen years in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His father was internationally renowned watercolorist John Whorf. Whorf's sisters Carol Whorf Westcott and Nancy Whorf Kelly were also Provincetown artists, and his brother John was an established applied artist in Hingham. Whorf's son Peter Whorf has served as a program director at WNYC-FM and is now the station manager at WKAR public radio at Michigan State University www.msu.edu. Whorf is nephew of linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf and nephew of actor and television director Richard Whorf. Whorf graduated from Provincetown High School in 1950. Upon graduation, Whorf enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) where he served as a radio announcer and entertainer on the Armed Forces Network. His tour of duty included assignments at air bases in California, Texas and Morocco. He narrated short informational films, including one regarding the M65 Atomic Cannon produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Laboratory Air Charting and Photographic Services in Hollywood. After his honorable discharge from the USAF, Whorf worked as an announcer at WOCB in West Yarmouth, Massachusetts and at WCOJ in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where he met and married his wife Barbara Ann Brown. He later developed the \"Kaleidoscope\" predecessor \"Tempo\" while on the air at WTAG in Worcester, Massachusetts."], "answer": {"text": "Whorf is writing about the terms in which we speak of the world, not the terms in which we think of it.", "answer_start": 1524}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his influence", "answer": {"text": "If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me more about his ideas", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds--and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds.", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#4", "question": "What does he say about how we speak of the world", "rewrite": "What does Benjamin Lee Whorf say about how we speak of the world?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard Whorf Richard Whorf (June 4, 1906 \u2013 December 14, 1966) was an American actor, author, director, and designer. Whorf was born in Winthrop, Massachusetts to Harry and Sarah (n\u00e9e Lee) Whorf. His older brother was linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf. Whorf began his acting career on the Boston stage as a teenager, then moved to Broadway at age 21. He had a role in a production of \"Taming of the Shrew\" at the Globe Theatre in New York City. He moved to Hollywood and became a contract player in films of the 1930s and 1940s before becoming a director in 1944. He played a famous painter who had resorted to drinking in the 1960 episode \"The Illustrator\" of \"The Rifleman\", starring Chuck Connors and Johnny Crawford. He directed a number of television programs in the 1950s and 1960s, including early episodes of \"Gunsmoke\" and \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" (most if not all of the first two seasons), and the entire second season of \"My Three Sons\". He directed the short-lived series \"Border Patrol\", and the 1964\u20131965 ABC sitcom \"Mickey\", starring Mickey Rooney. In the summer of 1960, he guest-starred in one episode and directed other segments of the short-lived western series \"Tate\". Whorf directed the unsuccessful 1961 stage comedy \"Julia, Jake and Uncle Joe\". His hobby was painting; he sold his first painting at the age of 15 for $100. Whorf died at age 60 on December 14, 1966. His grave site is at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles.", "Though influential in their own right, this work has not been influential in the debate on linguistic relativity, which has tended to center on the American paradigm exemplified by Sapir and Whorf. More than any linguist, Benjamin Lee Whorf has become associated with what he called the \"linguistic relativity principle\". Studying Native American languages, he attempted to account for the ways in which grammatical systems and language use differences affected perception. Whorf also examined how a scientific account of the world differed from a religious account, which led him to study the original languages of religious scripture and to write several anti-evolutionist pamphlets. Whorf's opinions regarding the nature of the relation between language and thought remain under contention. Critics such as Lenneberg, Black and Pinker attribute to Whorf a strong linguistic determinism, while Lucy, Silverstein and Levinson point to Whorf's explicit rejections of determinism, and where he contends that translation and commensuration is possible. Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence. His peers at Yale University considered the 'amateur' Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937\u201338. He was highly regarded by authorities such as Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield and Tozzer. Indeed, Lucy wrote, \"despite his 'amateur' status, Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists\". Detractors such as Lenneberg, Chomsky and Pinker criticized him for insufficient clarity in his description of how language influences thought, and for not proving his conjectures.", "Mike Whorf Michael \"Mike\" Whorf (born April 21, 1932) is an American radio personality based in Detroit, Michigan. He was an announcer and program host on WJR from 1964 to 2003. Whorf was producer and host of the George Foster Peabody Award-winning documentary/narrative program \"Kaleidoscope\", a combination of storytelling, interview, historic recordings and music on a particular topic. Whorf was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and spent his childhood and teen years in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His father was internationally renowned watercolorist John Whorf. Whorf's sisters Carol Whorf Westcott and Nancy Whorf Kelly were also Provincetown artists, and his brother John was an established applied artist in Hingham. Whorf's son Peter Whorf has served as a program director at WNYC-FM and is now the station manager at WKAR public radio at Michigan State University www.msu.edu. Whorf is nephew of linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf and nephew of actor and television director Richard Whorf. Whorf graduated from Provincetown High School in 1950. Upon graduation, Whorf enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) where he served as a radio announcer and entertainer on the Armed Forces Network. His tour of duty included assignments at air bases in California, Texas and Morocco. He narrated short informational films, including one regarding the M65 Atomic Cannon produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Laboratory Air Charting and Photographic Services in Hollywood. After his honorable discharge from the USAF, Whorf worked as an announcer at WOCB in West Yarmouth, Massachusetts and at WCOJ in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where he met and married his wife Barbara Ann Brown. He later developed the \"Kaleidoscope\" predecessor \"Tempo\" while on the air at WTAG in Worcester, Massachusetts.", "Linguistic determinism Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people who speak different languages as their mother tongues have different thought processes. Linguistic determinism is the \"strong\" form of linguistic relativity (popularly known as the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis), which argues that individuals experience the world based on the structure of the language they habitually use. Though it played a considerable role historically, linguistic determinism is now discredited among mainstream linguists. The principle of linguistic relativity (or, in other words, the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis) in its strong deterministic form first found its clear expression in writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\u201d is considered a misnomer by linguists and academics, because Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works (although they did work together, Sapir being Whorf's mentor), and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis. The distinction between a weak and a strong version of this hypothesis is also a later invention; Sapir and Whorf never set up such a dichotomy, although often in their writings their views of this relativity principle are phrased in stronger or weaker terms. The two linguists were nevertheless among the first to formulate the principle of linguistic relativity. Sapir exercised the idea that language is essential to understanding one's worldview and that difference in language implies a difference in social reality. Though he never directly explored how language affects thought, significant traces of the linguistic relativity principle underlie his perception of language. Whorf took further and reformulated Sapir's thought in his essay \u201cScience and Linguistics\u201d.", "Whorf's law Whorf's law is a sound law in Uto-Aztecan linguistics proposed by the linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf. It explains the origin in the Nahuan languages of the phoneme which is not found in any of the other languages of the Uto-Aztecan family. The existence of in Nahuatl had puzzled previous linguists and caused Edward Sapir to reconstruct a phoneme for Proto-Uto-Aztecan based only on evidence from Aztecan. In a 1937 paper published in the journal American Anthropologist, Whorf argued that phoneme was a result of some of the Nahuan or Aztecan languages having undergone a sound change changing the original */t/ to in the position before */a/. The sound law has come to be known as \"Whorf's law\" and is still considered valid, although a more detailed understanding of the precise conditions under which it took place has been developed. The situation had been obscured by the fact that often the */a/ had then subsequently been lost or changed to another vowel, making it difficult to realize what had conditioned the change. Because some Nahuan languages have /t/ and others have , Whorf thought that the law had been limited to certain dialects and that the dialects that had /t/ were more conservative. In 1978, Lyle Campbell and Ronald Langacker showed that in fact, Whorf's law had affected all of the Nahuan languages and that some dialects had subsequently changed to /l/ or back to /t/, but it remains evident that the language went through a /t\u026c/ stage. In 1996, Alexis Manaster Ramer showed that the sound change had in fact also happened before the Proto-Uto-Aztecan high central vowel * //,"], "answer": {"text": "Whorf noted that to communicate thoughts and experiences with members of a speech community speakers must use the linguistic categories of their shared language,", "answer_start": 1628}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his influence", "answer": {"text": "If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me more about his ideas", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds--and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds.", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Whorf is writing about the terms in which we speak of the world, not the terms in which we think of it.", "answer_start": 1524, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#5", "question": "What were the categories", "rewrite": "What were Benjamin Lee Whorf's linguistic categories?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Though influential in their own right, this work has not been influential in the debate on linguistic relativity, which has tended to center on the American paradigm exemplified by Sapir and Whorf. More than any linguist, Benjamin Lee Whorf has become associated with what he called the \"linguistic relativity principle\". Studying Native American languages, he attempted to account for the ways in which grammatical systems and language use differences affected perception. Whorf also examined how a scientific account of the world differed from a religious account, which led him to study the original languages of religious scripture and to write several anti-evolutionist pamphlets. Whorf's opinions regarding the nature of the relation between language and thought remain under contention. Critics such as Lenneberg, Black and Pinker attribute to Whorf a strong linguistic determinism, while Lucy, Silverstein and Levinson point to Whorf's explicit rejections of determinism, and where he contends that translation and commensuration is possible. Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence. His peers at Yale University considered the 'amateur' Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937\u201338. He was highly regarded by authorities such as Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield and Tozzer. Indeed, Lucy wrote, \"despite his 'amateur' status, Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists\". Detractors such as Lenneberg, Chomsky and Pinker criticized him for insufficient clarity in his description of how language influences thought, and for not proving his conjectures.", "Linguistic determinism Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people who speak different languages as their mother tongues have different thought processes. Linguistic determinism is the \"strong\" form of linguistic relativity (popularly known as the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis), which argues that individuals experience the world based on the structure of the language they habitually use. Though it played a considerable role historically, linguistic determinism is now discredited among mainstream linguists. The principle of linguistic relativity (or, in other words, the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis) in its strong deterministic form first found its clear expression in writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\u201d is considered a misnomer by linguists and academics, because Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works (although they did work together, Sapir being Whorf's mentor), and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis. The distinction between a weak and a strong version of this hypothesis is also a later invention; Sapir and Whorf never set up such a dichotomy, although often in their writings their views of this relativity principle are phrased in stronger or weaker terms. The two linguists were nevertheless among the first to formulate the principle of linguistic relativity. Sapir exercised the idea that language is essential to understanding one's worldview and that difference in language implies a difference in social reality. Though he never directly explored how language affects thought, significant traces of the linguistic relativity principle underlie his perception of language. Whorf took further and reformulated Sapir's thought in his essay \u201cScience and Linguistics\u201d.", "Cryptotype  Cryptotype or covert categories of a language is a concept coined by Benjamin Lee Whorf which describes semantic or syntactic features that do not have a morphological implementation, but which are crucial for the construction and understanding of a phrase. The cryptotype is understood in opposition to the phenotype or overt category, namely a category that is overtly marked as such. Covert categories affect words' combinative power. British linguist Michael Halliday argued that Whorf's notion of the \"cryptotype\" and his conception of \"how grammar models reality\" will \"eventually turn out to be among the major contributions of twentieth century linguistics\". Halliday described the concept in the following way: \"Whorf (1956) distinguished between overt and covert categories and pointed out that covert categories were often also \u201ccryptotypes\u201d \u2014 categories whose meanings were complex and difficult to access. Many aspects of clause grammar, and of the grammar of clause complexes, are essentially cryptotypic.\" Through the use of Halliday, the term has become important in Systemic functional linguistics. Whorf introduced the concept in his 1937 paper \"Grammatical categories\" and based it on his belief that all grammatical categories must be in some way marked in language to be able to contribute to meaning. But Whorf noted that not all categories were marked overtly, and some were only marked overtly in exceptional cases, whereas in most or all cases their marking is covert. As an example he gave the English system of gender, where the gender of nouns only appears when the sentence employs a singular pronoun and has to choose between \"he\", \"she\" or \"it\". As long as no pronouns appear, the gender of the nouns are marked only covertly. The fact that a speaker has to know for each word whether the correct pronoun is \"he\", \"she\" or", "It seeks to understand individual expression, which the investment in the linguistic tools that one has access to in order to bring oneself to other people. Sociology of language, particularly American sociolinguistics, was regarded to have been founded in the early 1960s, mainly by William Labov, who developed much of the methodology. Linguistic relativity, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, is named after Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Lee Whorf, although neither scholar used the term. Strong versions of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggest that an individual's language has a profound impact on the way the individual thinks and acts, while the weaker version proposes that language has merely a small influence on an individual's behavior. Some linguists argue that if individuals were truly so profoundly different as a result of their languages, then it would be immensely difficult to translate works between cultures and languages. However, there are Linguistic universals that occur in most, if not all, natural languages. Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural translations happen everyday, some even in a fraction of a second thanks to Artificial intelligence linguistic models such as Google Translate. Further criticism was met from fellow linguist Steven Pinker, who was skeptical of Whorf's evidence based on the Hopi language. According to Pinker, Whorf is \"an amateur scholar of Native American languages\" whose claims are not credible and do not make sense. It has widely been asserted that there are \"many hundreds\" of words for snow in the Inuit language, allegedly due to an improper paraphrase of Franz Boas on Benjamin Whorf's part that changed the meaning of the original text. Although there may not be hundreds of distinct Inuit words for snow, snow expert Matthew Sturm agrees that the English snow lexicon is overall \"clearly inferior\" to the Inuit snow lexicon.", "Mike Whorf Michael \"Mike\" Whorf (born April 21, 1932) is an American radio personality based in Detroit, Michigan. He was an announcer and program host on WJR from 1964 to 2003. Whorf was producer and host of the George Foster Peabody Award-winning documentary/narrative program \"Kaleidoscope\", a combination of storytelling, interview, historic recordings and music on a particular topic. Whorf was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and spent his childhood and teen years in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His father was internationally renowned watercolorist John Whorf. Whorf's sisters Carol Whorf Westcott and Nancy Whorf Kelly were also Provincetown artists, and his brother John was an established applied artist in Hingham. Whorf's son Peter Whorf has served as a program director at WNYC-FM and is now the station manager at WKAR public radio at Michigan State University www.msu.edu. Whorf is nephew of linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf and nephew of actor and television director Richard Whorf. Whorf graduated from Provincetown High School in 1950. Upon graduation, Whorf enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) where he served as a radio announcer and entertainer on the Armed Forces Network. His tour of duty included assignments at air bases in California, Texas and Morocco. He narrated short informational films, including one regarding the M65 Atomic Cannon produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Laboratory Air Charting and Photographic Services in Hollywood. After his honorable discharge from the USAF, Whorf worked as an announcer at WOCB in West Yarmouth, Massachusetts and at WCOJ in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where he met and married his wife Barbara Ann Brown. He later developed the \"Kaleidoscope\" predecessor \"Tempo\" while on the air at WTAG in Worcester, Massachusetts."], "answer": {"text": "categories of their shared language, which requires moulding experiences into the shape of language to speak them", "answer_start": 1753}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his influence", "answer": {"text": "If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me more about his ideas", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds--and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds.", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Whorf is writing about the terms in which we speak of the world, not the terms in which we think of it.", "answer_start": 1524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does he say about how we speak of the world", "answer": {"text": "Whorf noted that to communicate thoughts and experiences with members of a speech community speakers must use the linguistic categories of their shared language,", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#6", "question": "tell me more about his theory", "rewrite": "tell me more about categories of shared language theory", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Programming language theory Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of programming languages and their individual features. It falls within the discipline of computer science, both depending on and affecting mathematics, software engineering, linguistics and even cognitive science. It is a well-recognized branch of computer science, and an active research area, with results published in numerous journals dedicated to PLT, as well as in general computer science and engineering publications. In some ways, the history of programming language theory predates even the development of programming languages themselves. The lambda calculus, developed by Alonzo Church and Stephen Cole Kleene in the 1930s, is considered by some to be the world's first programming language, even though it was intended to \"model\" computation rather than being a means for programmers to \"describe\" algorithms to a computer system. Many modern functional programming languages have been described as providing a \"thin veneer\" over the lambda calculus, and many are easily described in terms of it. The first programming language to be invented was Plankalk\u00fcl, which was designed by Konrad Zuse in the 1940s, but not publicly known until 1972 (and not implemented until 1998). The first widely known and successful high-level programming language was Fortran, developed from 1954 to 1957 by a team of IBM researchers led by John Backus. The success of FORTRAN led to the formation of a committee of scientists to develop a \"universal\" computer language; the result of their effort was ALGOL 58. Separately, John McCarthy of MIT developed the Lisp programming language (based on the lambda calculus), the first language with origins in academia to be successful. With the success of these initial efforts, programming languages became an active topic of research in the 1960s and beyond. Some other key events in the history of programming language theory since then:", "Formal grammar In formal language theory, a grammar (when the context is not given, often called a formal grammar for clarity) is a set of production rules for strings in a formal language. The rules describe how to form strings from the language's alphabet that are valid according to the language's syntax. A grammar does not describe the meaning of the strings or what can be done with them in whatever context\u2014only their form. Formal language theory, the discipline that studies formal grammars and languages, is a branch of applied mathematics. Its applications are found in theoretical computer science, theoretical linguistics, formal semantics, mathematical logic, and other areas. A formal grammar is a set of rules for rewriting strings, along with a \"start symbol\" from which rewriting starts. Therefore, a grammar is usually thought of as a language generator. However, it can also sometimes be used as the basis for a \"recognizer\"\u2014a function in computing that determines whether a given string belongs to the language or is grammatically incorrect. To describe such recognizers, formal language theory uses separate formalisms, known as automata theory. One of the interesting results of automata theory is that it is not possible to design a recognizer for certain formal languages. Parsing is the process of recognizing an utterance (a string in natural languages) by breaking it down to a set of symbols and analyzing each one against the grammar of the language. Most languages have the meanings of their utterances structured according to their syntax\u2014a practice known as compositional semantics. As a result, the first step to describing the meaning of an utterance in language is to break it down part by part and look at its analyzed form (known as its parse tree in computer science, and as its deep structure in generative grammar). 's", "Seymour Ginsburg Seymour Ginsburg (December 12, 1927 \u2013 December 5, 2004) was an American pioneer of automata theory, formal language theory, and database theory, in particular; and computer science, in general. His work was influential in distinguishing theoretical Computer Science from the disciplines of Mathematics and Electrical Engineering. During his career, Ginsburg published over 100 papers and three books on various topics in theoretical Computer Science. Seymour Ginsburg received his B.S. from City College of New York in 1948, where along with fellow student Martin Davis he attended an honors mathematics class taught by Emil Post. He earned a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Michigan in 1952, studying under Ben Dushnik. Ginsburg's professional career began in 1951 when he accepted a position as Assistant Professor of Mathematics at the University of Miami in Florida. He turned his attention wholly towards Computer Science in 1955, when he moved to California to work for the Northrop Corporation. He followed this with positions at the National Cash Register Corporation, Hughes Aircraft, and System Development Corporation. At SDC, Ginsburg first concentrated on the theory of abstract machines. He subsequently formed and led a research project dedicated to formal language theory and the foundations of Computer Science. Members of the research group included: Sheila Greibach, Michael A. Harrison, Gene Rose, Ed Spanier, and Joe Ullian. The work that came out of this group distinguished Computer Science theory from other fields, putting Ginsburg at the center of what became the theoretical Computer Science community. It was during the SDC years that a young Jeff Ullman spent one summer working for Ginsburg, learning both formal language theory and a broad approach to research in Computer Science theory. Al Aho credited Ullman's summer with Ginsburg as being highly influential on Aho's career in Computer Science.", "Those who benefitted from Ginsburg's mentorship, who were not also his PhD students, included: Jonathan Goldstine, Sheila Greibach, Michael A. Harrison, Richard Hull, and Jeff Ullman. Ginsburg's early work concentrated on automata theory. In 1958, he proved that \"don't-care\" circuit minimization does not necessarily yield a minimal result. His work in automata theory led the switching theory community into a more theoretical direction. This work culminated in the publication of a book on the mathematics of machines in 1962. Ginsburg turned his attention to formal language theory in the 1960s. He studied context-free grammars and published a well-known comprehensive overview of context-free languages in 1966. Ginsburg was the first to observe the connection between context-free languages and \"ALGOL-like\" languages. This brought the field of formal language theory to bear on programming language research. Ginsburg's results on context-free grammars and push-down acceptors are considered to be some of the deepest and most beautiful in the area. They remain standard tools for many computer scientists working in the areas of formal languages and automata. Many of his papers at this time were co-authored with other prominent formal language researchers, including Sheila Greibach, and Michael A. Harrison. The unification of different views of formal systems was a constant theme in Ginsburg's work. In formal language theory his papers examined the relationships between grammar-based systems, acceptor-based systems, and algebraic characterizations of families of languages. The culmination of this work was the creation of one of the deepest branches of Computer Science, Abstract Families of Languages, in collaboration with Sheila Greibach in 1967. In 1974, Ginsburg, along with Armin B. Cremers, developed the theory of Grammar Forms.", "Alternation (formal language theory) In formal language theory and pattern matching, alternation is the union of two sets of strings or patterns. As a pattern, the alternation of \"a\" and \"b\" matches either \"a\" or \"b\". In formal language theory, alternation is commutative and associative. This is not in general true in pattern-matching languages. In the SNOBOL language, regular expression syntax, and some other languages, alternation is a binary infix operator on patterns, notated \"|\"."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his influence", "answer": {"text": "If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me more about his ideas", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds--and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds.", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Whorf is writing about the terms in which we speak of the world, not the terms in which we think of it.", "answer_start": 1524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does he say about how we speak of the world", "answer": {"text": "Whorf noted that to communicate thoughts and experiences with members of a speech community speakers must use the linguistic categories of their shared language,", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the categories", "answer": {"text": "categories of their shared language, which requires moulding experiences into the shape of language to speak them", "answer_start": 1753, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_97218761bc9444fe8e066a0b810e3ee6_0_q#7", "question": "who influenced him into this belief", "rewrite": "who influenced Benjamin Lee Whorf into belief of \"that \"No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Linguistic determinism Linguistic determinism is the idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception. The term implies that people who speak different languages as their mother tongues have different thought processes. Linguistic determinism is the \"strong\" form of linguistic relativity (popularly known as the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis), which argues that individuals experience the world based on the structure of the language they habitually use. Though it played a considerable role historically, linguistic determinism is now discredited among mainstream linguists. The principle of linguistic relativity (or, in other words, the Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis) in its strong deterministic form first found its clear expression in writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. The term \"Sapir\u2013Whorf hypothesis\u201d is considered a misnomer by linguists and academics, because Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf never co-authored any works (although they did work together, Sapir being Whorf's mentor), and never stated their ideas in terms of a hypothesis. The distinction between a weak and a strong version of this hypothesis is also a later invention; Sapir and Whorf never set up such a dichotomy, although often in their writings their views of this relativity principle are phrased in stronger or weaker terms. The two linguists were nevertheless among the first to formulate the principle of linguistic relativity. Sapir exercised the idea that language is essential to understanding one's worldview and that difference in language implies a difference in social reality. Though he never directly explored how language affects thought, significant traces of the linguistic relativity principle underlie his perception of language. Whorf took further and reformulated Sapir's thought in his essay \u201cScience and Linguistics\u201d.", "We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way--an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language. The agreement is of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its terms are absolutely obligatory; we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and classification of data that the agreement decrees. We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar, or can in some way be calibrated. The statements about the obligatory nature of the terms of language have been taken to suggest that Whorf meant that language completely determined the scope of possible conceptualizations. However neo-Whorfians argue that here Whorf is writing about the terms in which we speak of the world, not the terms in which we think of it. Whorf noted that to communicate thoughts and experiences with members of a speech community speakers must use the linguistic categories of their shared language, which requires moulding experiences into the shape of language to speak them--a process called \"thinking for speaking\". This interpretation is supported by Whorf's subsequent statement that \"No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality, but is constrained by certain modes of interpretation even when he thinks himself most free\". Similarly the statement that observers are led to different pictures of the universe has been understood as an argument that different conceptualizations are incommensurable making translation between different conceptual and linguistic systems impossible.", "Though influential in their own right, this work has not been influential in the debate on linguistic relativity, which has tended to center on the American paradigm exemplified by Sapir and Whorf. More than any linguist, Benjamin Lee Whorf has become associated with what he called the \"linguistic relativity principle\". Studying Native American languages, he attempted to account for the ways in which grammatical systems and language use differences affected perception. Whorf also examined how a scientific account of the world differed from a religious account, which led him to study the original languages of religious scripture and to write several anti-evolutionist pamphlets. Whorf's opinions regarding the nature of the relation between language and thought remain under contention. Critics such as Lenneberg, Black and Pinker attribute to Whorf a strong linguistic determinism, while Lucy, Silverstein and Levinson point to Whorf's explicit rejections of determinism, and where he contends that translation and commensuration is possible. Although Whorf lacked an advanced degree in linguistics, his reputation reflects his acquired competence. His peers at Yale University considered the 'amateur' Whorf to be the best man available to take over Sapir's graduate seminar in Native American linguistics while Sapir was on sabbatical in 1937\u201338. He was highly regarded by authorities such as Boas, Sapir, Bloomfield and Tozzer. Indeed, Lucy wrote, \"despite his 'amateur' status, Whorf's work in linguistics was and still is recognized as being of superb professional quality by linguists\". Detractors such as Lenneberg, Chomsky and Pinker criticized him for insufficient clarity in his description of how language influences thought, and for not proving his conjectures.", "It seeks to understand individual expression, which the investment in the linguistic tools that one has access to in order to bring oneself to other people. Sociology of language, particularly American sociolinguistics, was regarded to have been founded in the early 1960s, mainly by William Labov, who developed much of the methodology. Linguistic relativity, also known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, is named after Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Lee Whorf, although neither scholar used the term. Strong versions of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggest that an individual's language has a profound impact on the way the individual thinks and acts, while the weaker version proposes that language has merely a small influence on an individual's behavior. Some linguists argue that if individuals were truly so profoundly different as a result of their languages, then it would be immensely difficult to translate works between cultures and languages. However, there are Linguistic universals that occur in most, if not all, natural languages. Cross-linguistic and cross-cultural translations happen everyday, some even in a fraction of a second thanks to Artificial intelligence linguistic models such as Google Translate. Further criticism was met from fellow linguist Steven Pinker, who was skeptical of Whorf's evidence based on the Hopi language. According to Pinker, Whorf is \"an amateur scholar of Native American languages\" whose claims are not credible and do not make sense. It has widely been asserted that there are \"many hundreds\" of words for snow in the Inuit language, allegedly due to an improper paraphrase of Franz Boas on Benjamin Whorf's part that changed the meaning of the original text. Although there may not be hundreds of distinct Inuit words for snow, snow expert Matthew Sturm agrees that the English snow lexicon is overall \"clearly inferior\" to the Inuit snow lexicon.", "Mike Whorf Michael \"Mike\" Whorf (born April 21, 1932) is an American radio personality based in Detroit, Michigan. He was an announcer and program host on WJR from 1964 to 2003. Whorf was producer and host of the George Foster Peabody Award-winning documentary/narrative program \"Kaleidoscope\", a combination of storytelling, interview, historic recordings and music on a particular topic. Whorf was born in Brookline, Massachusetts and spent his childhood and teen years in Provincetown, Massachusetts. His father was internationally renowned watercolorist John Whorf. Whorf's sisters Carol Whorf Westcott and Nancy Whorf Kelly were also Provincetown artists, and his brother John was an established applied artist in Hingham. Whorf's son Peter Whorf has served as a program director at WNYC-FM and is now the station manager at WKAR public radio at Michigan State University www.msu.edu. Whorf is nephew of linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf and nephew of actor and television director Richard Whorf. Whorf graduated from Provincetown High School in 1950. Upon graduation, Whorf enlisted in the United States Air Force (USAF) where he served as a radio announcer and entertainer on the Armed Forces Network. His tour of duty included assignments at air bases in California, Texas and Morocco. He narrated short informational films, including one regarding the M65 Atomic Cannon produced by the USAF's Lookout Mountain Laboratory Air Charting and Photographic Services in Hollywood. After his honorable discharge from the USAF, Whorf worked as an announcer at WOCB in West Yarmouth, Massachusetts and at WCOJ in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, where he met and married his wife Barbara Ann Brown. He later developed the \"Kaleidoscope\" predecessor \"Tempo\" while on the air at WTAG in Worcester, Massachusetts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "To what degree was Benjamin Lee Whorf influence on language of thought?", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his influence", "answer": {"text": "If read superficially, some of Whorf's statements lend themselves to the interpretation that he supported linguistic determinism.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me more about his ideas", "answer": {"text": "the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds--and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds.", "answer_start": 403, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Whorf is writing about the terms in which we speak of the world, not the terms in which we think of it.", "answer_start": 1524, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does he say about how we speak of the world", "answer": {"text": "Whorf noted that to communicate thoughts and experiences with members of a speech community speakers must use the linguistic categories of their shared language,", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the categories", "answer": {"text": "categories of their shared language, which requires moulding experiences into the shape of language to speak them", "answer_start": 1753, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "tell me more about his theory", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#0", "question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "rewrite": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dorchester Publishing Dorchester Publishing was a publisher of mass market paperback books. Although mostly known for romance, Dorchester also published horror, thriller and Western titles. Dorchester was the original publisher of the \"Hard Case Crime\" line of pulp-style mysteries. In addition, Dorchester distributes the \"Family Doctor\" series of health guides in the U.S. and Canada. Their \"Love Spell\" imprint handles the newer types of romance, and complements their more traditional \"Leisure Books\" imprint. They also have an imprint for thrillers, the \"Smooch\" imprint for young adult literature, and \"Making It\" for trade paperback chick-lit novels. Dorchester also publishes romance magazines such as \"True Confessions\" and \"True Story\". Dorchester offers book clubs, fan registries, and a comprehensive website for readers. Dorchester books are featured in their \"Dear Reader Book Clubs\", which allows readers to read a chapter a day from the book for a week. Dorchester Publishing was founded in 1971, and claims to be the oldest independent mass market publisher in America. Dorchester acquired Leisure Books in c. 1982, making it into a Dorchester imprint and eventually transitioning Leisure into a horror line. They added the \"Love Spell\" imprint in 1993, and new thriller and young adult imprints in 2003. In 2004, they launched their trade paperback chick-lit imprint \"Making It\", and with Charles Ardai they co-founded the \"Hard Case Crime\" imprint. Also in 2004, Dorchester purchased magazine publisher Sterling/MacFadden, acquiring with it several romance magazines. In August 2010, after two years of big drops in sales, Dorchester announced a temporary shift from printing books on paper to e-books and print-on-demand services. At the same time, they announced that they would be setting new royalty rates for their authors.", "(Even though Dorchester was annexed over 100 years ago into the city of Boston, this founding is still celebrated every year on Dorchester Day, which includes festivities and a parade down Dorchester Avenue). Most of the early Dorchester settlers came from the West Country of England, and some from Dorchester, Dorset, where the Rev. John White was chief proponent of a Puritan settlement in the New World. (Rev. John White has been referred to as the unheralded champion of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, because despite his heroic efforts on its behalf, he remained in England and never emigrated to the Colony he championed.) The town that was founded was centered on the First Parish Church of Dorchester, which still exists as the Unitarian-Universalist church on Meeting House Hill and is the oldest religious organization in present-day Boston. On October 8, 1633, the first Town Meeting in America was held in Dorchester. Today, each October 8 is celebrated as Town Meeting Day in Massachusetts. Dorchester is the birthplace of the first public elementary school in America, the Mather School, established in 1639. The school still stands as the oldest elementary school in America. In 1634 Israel Stoughton built one of the earliest grist mills in America on the Neponset River, and Richard Callicott founded a trading post nearby. In 1641, Dorcas Ye Blackmore, a servant to Israel Stoughton, was the first recorded African American to join a church in New England, and she served as an evangelist to Stoughton's Native American servants, and the First Parish Church of Dorchester attempted to help Dorcas gain her freedom. In 1649, Puritan missionaries, including John Eliot, began a campaign to convert the Indigenous people in Dorchester to Christianity with the help of Cockenoe and John Sassamon, two Indian servants in Dorchester.", "Dorchester Penitentiary The Dorchester Penitentiary (French: P\u00e9nitencier de Dorchester) is a Canadian federal corrections facility located in the village of Dorchester, New Brunswick. It shares a property with Westmorland Institution and Shepody Healing Centre. It was opened on 14 July 1880 as a maximum security penitentiary on a hill overlooking the Memramcook River valley. It is now, having been built three years after Stony Mountain Institution (1877), the second oldest federal corrections facility in Canada still in operation following the closure of Kingston Penitentiary on September 30, 2013. The prison became notorious following World War II as it was responsible for all maximum security offenders in Atlantic Canada. It was replaced by the modern Atlantic Institution in Renous and was downgraded to handle medium security offenders. Together with Springhill Institution, Dorchester Penitentiary handles all medium security offenders in the federal system in Atlantic Canada. Springhill Institution has a younger and commensurately more impulsive offender population, whereas Dorchester Penitentiary has specialized in handling Protective Custody offenders in need of treatment and providing psychiatric services to CSC Atlantic Region, therefore having an older offender population. Dorchester Penitentiary recently installed a wind turbine, making it just one of two federal penitentiaries in Canada with such a device. In 2015 Dorchester Pen & Westmorland merged to form Dorchester Institution. They are now referred to as Dorchester Medium Sector (formerly Dorchester Penitentiary) & Dorchester Minimum sector (formerly Westmorland Institution).", "This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer system's headworks, handling all of the city's sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point and is in the National Register of Historic Places. Dorchester was annexed by Boston in pieces beginning on March 6, 1804 and ending with complete annexation to the city of Boston after a plebiscite was held in Boston and Dorchester on June 22, 1869. As a result, Dorchester officially became part of Boston on January 3, 1870. This is also the historic reason that Dorchester Heights is today considered part of South Boston, not modern-day Dorchester, since it was part of the cession of Dorchester to Boston in 1804. Additional parts of Dorchester were ceded to Quincy (in 1792, 1814, 1819, and 1855) and portions of the original town of Dorchester became the separate towns of Hyde Park (1868 and later annexed to Boston in 1912), Milton (1662), and Stoughton (1726, itself later subdivided). In 1895, Frederick Law Olmsted, architect of the Boston Public Garden/Emerald Necklace and Central Park, was commissioned to create Dorchester Park, to be an urban forest for the residents of a growing Dorchester. In 1904, the Dorchester Historical Society incorporated \"Dorchester Day\" which commemorated the settlement of Dorchester in 1630. An annual event, Dorchester Day is a tableau of community events, highlighted by such activities as the Landing Day Observance, the Dorchester Day Parade along Dorchester Avenue the first Sunday in June, and as a grand finale, the Community Banquet. There was also increased social activism in Dorchester during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "The Post War Blues The Post War Blues was a record label set up in 1965 by Mike Rowe. It specialized in reissuing obscure post war blues recordings on LP samplers. The label has been one of the first to systematically put out compilations of recordings by more or less known post war blues artists, such as Big Walter Horton, Joe Hill Louis, Willie Love, Levi Seabury, Charley Booker, Harmonica Frank, Junior Brooks, Driftin' Slim , Luther Huff, Boyd Gilmore, Dan Pickett, Doug Quattlebaum, Skoodle Dum Doo & Sheffield, Leroy Dallas, Carolina Slim, Curley Weaver, Julius King, Jesse Thomas, Alex Moore, Manny Nichols, Soldier Boy Houston, Buddy Chiles, Andy Thomas, Country Jim, Nat Terry, Harvey Hill & His String Band, L.C. Green, Henry Smith & His Blue Flames, Sylvester Cotton, Slim Pickens, Baby Boy Warren, Bobo Jenkins and Andrew Durham. While the so-called blues revivial of the 1960s was going on , it helped gratify the needs of a growing number of white customers to hear those artists' work, without having to search for the rare 78 rpm records on which those recordings were originally released. Blues scholar (and \"Blues & Rhythm\" co-editor) Keith Briggs in his 1986 \"Blues & Rhythm\" article on bootleg blues record labels had the following to say about The Post War Blues: \"Post War Blues only produced five albums but they remain sought-after items to this day. They were 'Chicago', 'Memphis and the Delta', 'Detroit', 'East Coast States' and 'Texas'. Although just about every track on the Chicago album is now available elsewhere the other four all carry rare items otherwise unavailable on LP. '"], "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#1", "question": "What year is post war year", "rewrite": "What year is Dorchester post war year", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Haldeman Joe William Haldeman (born June 9, 1943) is an American science fiction author. He is best known for his novel \"The Forever War\" (1974). That novel, and other of his works, including \"The Hemingway Hoax\" (1991) and \"Forever Peace\" (1997), have won major science fiction awards, including the Hugo Award and Nebula Award. He was awarded the SFWA Grand Master for career achievements. In 2012 he was inducted as a member of the Science Fiction Hall of Fame. Many of Haldeman's works, including his debut novel \"War Year\" and his second novel \"The Forever War\", were inspired by his experiences related to serving in the Vietnam War. Wounded in combat, he struggled to adjust to civilian life after returning home. Haldeman was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. His family traveled and he lived in Puerto Rico, New Orleans, Washington, D.C., Bethesda (Maryland), and Anchorage (Alaska) as a child. He had to repeatedly start classes as a new kid in local schools. In 1965, Haldeman married Mary Gay Potter, known as \"Gay Haldeman\". He received a BS degree in Physics and Astronomy from the University of Maryland in 1967. He was immediately drafted into the United States Army, where he served as a combat engineer in Vietnam. He was wounded in combat and received a Purple Heart. His wartime experience inspired his first novel \"War Year\". In addition, in his later books such as \"The Hemingway Hoax\" and \"Old Twentieth\", he continued to explore through fiction the experience of combat soldiers in Vietnam and other wars, both during the wars and after return home. In 1975, he received an MFA degree in Creative Writing from the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop.", "Other important sports include:   Like other cultural areas in France, sport is overseen by a government ministry, the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports (France) which is in charge of national and public sport associations, youth affairs, public sports centers and national stadia (like the Stade de France). Along with Milan, London and New York, Paris is center of an important number of fashion shows. Some of the world's biggest fashion houses (ex: Chanel) have their headquarters in France. The association of France with fashion () dates largely to the reign of Louis XIV when the luxury goods industries in France came increasingly under royal control and the French royal court became, arguably, the arbiter of taste and style in Europe. France renewed its dominance of the high fashion ( or ) industry in the years 1860\u20131960 through the establishing of the great couturier houses, the fashion press (\"Vogue\" was founded in 1892; \"Elle\" was founded in 1945) and fashion shows. The first modern Parisian couturier house is generally considered the work of the Englishman Charles Frederick Worth who dominated the industry from 1858 to 1895. In the early twentieth century, the industry expanded through such Parisian fashion houses as the house of Chanel (which first came to prominence in 1925) and Balenciaga (founded by a Spaniard in 1937). In the post war year, fashion returned to prominence through Christian Dior's famous \"new look\" in 1947, and through the houses of Pierre Balmain and Hubert de Givenchy (opened in 1952). In the 1960s, \"high fashion\" came under criticism from France's youth culture while designers like Yves Saint Laurent broke with established high fashion norms by launching \"pr\u00eat-\u00e0-porter\" (\"ready to wear\") lines and expanding French fashion into mass manufacturing and marketing.", "In that initial registration, some 59 Cardigans and 240 Pembrokes were listed in the pedigree books. The decisions about the breed to which each dog belonged were sometimes left to the owners, who were free to choose whichever they felt was the most appropriate. The first dog to be named Best in Show at an open conformation show was Ch. Bowhit Pivot. Cardigan Welsh Corgis continued to be rarer than Pembrokes, with only 11 registrations made in the war year of 1940. Both breeds survived the Second World War, although the Cardigans registered with the Kennel Club numbered only 61 by the end of the war. Pembrokes became very popular during the post war years in the United Kingdom; in 1953 it was ranked as the fourth most popular breed by the Kennel Club, behind the English Cocker Spaniel, the German Shepherd and the Pekingese. In 1955, the reserve Best in Show at Crufts was the Pembroke Welsh Corgi Kaytop Maracas Mint, who was beaten by the Standard Poodle Ch. Tzigane Affri of Nashend. The Corgi breeds declined in popularity: veterinary physician Brian Singleton suggested in \"The Times\" in 1963 that this was due to issues with their temperament. The Cardigan Welsh Corgi was listed in the Kennel Club's first list of Vulnerable Native Breeds in 2006. This list is for those breeds which register less than 300 dogs in any one year; there had been 84 Cardigan Corgis registered in 2006. After an initial increase, this declined to 46 in 2010, but then rose to the highest numbers since the list began in 2015, with a total of 124 puppies registered. In 2013, the Pembroke Welsh Corgi was also added, as there had been only 241 puppies registered that year.", "This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer system's headworks, handling all of the city's sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point and is in the National Register of Historic Places. Dorchester was annexed by Boston in pieces beginning on March 6, 1804 and ending with complete annexation to the city of Boston after a plebiscite was held in Boston and Dorchester on June 22, 1869. As a result, Dorchester officially became part of Boston on January 3, 1870. This is also the historic reason that Dorchester Heights is today considered part of South Boston, not modern-day Dorchester, since it was part of the cession of Dorchester to Boston in 1804. Additional parts of Dorchester were ceded to Quincy (in 1792, 1814, 1819, and 1855) and portions of the original town of Dorchester became the separate towns of Hyde Park (1868 and later annexed to Boston in 1912), Milton (1662), and Stoughton (1726, itself later subdivided). In 1895, Frederick Law Olmsted, architect of the Boston Public Garden/Emerald Necklace and Central Park, was commissioned to create Dorchester Park, to be an urban forest for the residents of a growing Dorchester. In 1904, the Dorchester Historical Society incorporated \"Dorchester Day\" which commemorated the settlement of Dorchester in 1630. An annual event, Dorchester Day is a tableau of community events, highlighted by such activities as the Landing Day Observance, the Dorchester Day Parade along Dorchester Avenue the first Sunday in June, and as a grand finale, the Community Banquet. There was also increased social activism in Dorchester during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "The Post War Blues The Post War Blues was a record label set up in 1965 by Mike Rowe. It specialized in reissuing obscure post war blues recordings on LP samplers. The label has been one of the first to systematically put out compilations of recordings by more or less known post war blues artists, such as Big Walter Horton, Joe Hill Louis, Willie Love, Levi Seabury, Charley Booker, Harmonica Frank, Junior Brooks, Driftin' Slim , Luther Huff, Boyd Gilmore, Dan Pickett, Doug Quattlebaum, Skoodle Dum Doo & Sheffield, Leroy Dallas, Carolina Slim, Curley Weaver, Julius King, Jesse Thomas, Alex Moore, Manny Nichols, Soldier Boy Houston, Buddy Chiles, Andy Thomas, Country Jim, Nat Terry, Harvey Hill & His String Band, L.C. Green, Henry Smith & His Blue Flames, Sylvester Cotton, Slim Pickens, Baby Boy Warren, Bobo Jenkins and Andrew Durham. While the so-called blues revivial of the 1960s was going on , it helped gratify the needs of a growing number of white customers to hear those artists' work, without having to search for the rare 78 rpm records on which those recordings were originally released. Blues scholar (and \"Blues & Rhythm\" co-editor) Keith Briggs in his 1986 \"Blues & Rhythm\" article on bootleg blues record labels had the following to say about The Post War Blues: \"Post War Blues only produced five albums but they remain sought-after items to this day. They were 'Chicago', 'Memphis and the Delta', 'Detroit', 'East Coast States' and 'Texas'. Although just about every track on the Chicago album is now available elsewhere the other four all carry rare items otherwise unavailable on LP. '"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#2", "question": "What did carleton do during the year", "rewrite": "What did carleton do during the Post-war years", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Carleton Thomas Carleton (c. 1735 \u2013 2 February 1817) was an Irish-born British Army officer who was promoted to Colonel during the American Revolutionary War after relieving the siege of Quebec in 1776. After the war, he was appointed as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, and supervised the resettlement of Loyalists from the United States in the province. He held this position until his death. Born in Strabane, Co. Tyrone, Ireland to Christoper Carleton and his wife Catherine Ball , he was the younger brother of Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester. As part of a military family, Thomas joined the British Army at a young age. In 1753, he was an ensign in the 20th Regiment of Foot and saw action with his regiment during the Seven Years' War. After the conclusion of the Seven Years' War, Thomas Carleton served as an observer during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768\u20131774. In 1776 during the American Revolutionary War, as a lieutenant colonel, he arrived in Quebec City with forces to relieve his brother, Sir Guy Carleton, the Governor General of Canada, who was besieged in the city by Continental Army troops. With the death of Lt. Col. Patrick Gordon on July 25, 1776, Col. Carleton was promoted to command the 29th Regiment of Foot. In 1777, Thomas Carleton's nephew Christopher Carleton joined the 29th regiment as a major and served under his uncle's command for the rest of the war. Col. Thomas Carleton did not get along well with his new commander, Frederick Haldimand, who replaced Guy Carleton in 1778 as Governor General of Canada. He refused when in 1782 Haldimand demanded that he resign his position as quartermaster general before his planned departure for New York, where his brother Guy had replaced the disgraced Henry Clinton.", "Guy Carleton (general)  Guy Carleton (September 9, 1857 \u2013 January 8, 1946) was a career officer in the United States Army. He attained the rank of major general, and is best known for his World War I command of Camp Wadsworth (near Spartanburg, South Carolina) and the 96th Division. Carleton was an 1881 graduate of the United States Military Academy; assigned to the Cavalry , he served throughout the west during the last of the American Indian Wars. He was a veteran of the Spanish\u2013American War, the Philippine\u2013American War, and the Veracruz Expedition. During World War I, he commanded Camp Zachary Taylor, Kentucky and the 159th Depot Brigade, followed by Camp Wadsworth, South Carolina and the 96th Division, and then Camp Kearny, California and the 16th Division. After the war, Carleton commanded Camp Lewis, Washington and the 166th Depot Brigade. After serving with the Inspector General's Department in San Francisco, Carleton retired in 1921. He died in San Antonio, Texas in 1946, and was buried at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery. Guy Edward Carleton was born in Austin, Texas on September 9, 1857, the son of William Carleton (1812-1865) and Elizabeth (Coxhead) Carleton, natives of England who had immigrated to the United States in 1834. William Carleton was a participant in the Texas Revolution on the side of the Texans, including the Battle of Goliad. William and Elizabeth Carleton subsequently moved to New Orleans, where William Carleton worked as a journalist. He returned to Texas in the 1850s and settled in Austin; awarded bounty lands in recognition of his military service, Carleton sold his grants to finance the start of a newspaper. He served as publisher and editor of the weekly \"Austin Rambler\" until his death.", "(Previous to this estate being built, the area was an old army camp which after World War II was inhabited by dispossessed Polish nationals as well as people on the housing waiting lists for the area). The estate is subdivided into the Frenchfield Way/Frenchfield Gardens area, the original High Carleton area, Carleton Park or Parklands, Carleton Meadows and Carleton Heights. Most of the streets in this area are named after trees or other plants e.g.: Oak Road, Sycamore Drive, Juniper Way. A small stream runs through the estate. Oak Road connects Carleton with the neighbouring estates of Meadow Croft and Scaws. At the junction of Oak Road and Ash Road is a nursery school. Since 2016 the land to the north of High Carleton has been developed by Persimnon Homes as the Carleton Meadows and Woodberry Heights estates, which will eventually include a shop, community centre and primary school. The streets on this development are to be named after flowers. To the east of Carleton Meadows is the Carleton Manor Park development which is next to the grounds of Carleton Hill House and includes an apartment block as well as detached and semi-detached houses. Next to Winters Park and adjoining the Pategill Estate is Carleton Hall Gardens and Carleton Hall Walk. Cumbrian based developers Story Homes have as of 2018 permission to build houses in the fields behind the Cross Keys Pub and the cottages that make up Carleton Village. Carleton Hall is the headquarters of the Cumbria Constabulary, but once was the home of the Carleton family, the last of whom died in the eighteenth century and during the first half of the twentieth century it was the home of the Carleton-Cowper family. The northern part of Carleton Hall's grounds are now divided between the Pategill housing estate and the Penrith Rugby Club. The manor of Carleton was held as a sub-manor of the larger manor or Honour of Penrith.", "Carleton also co-founded The Carleton Company, Inc. in the 1920s. The engineering firm that took part in the construction of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Long Island Railroad, the New York City Subway that ran under Eighth Avenue and Sixth Avenue, and the Holland Tunnel. Carleton was lauded for his ability to work on these transportation hubs without interrupting regular service. In 1941 Carleton negotiated with the United States Government so that The Carleton Company Inc. could build the largest receiving and distributing centers to support war efforts by facilitating the transfer of materials during the Second World War. Robert Carleton was appointed the head of the Engineering Center Development Fund Committee, which oversaw the fundraising and design of what would become the Seeley Wintersmith Mudd and the Engineering Terrace buildings. Under his leadership, construction of the facility was completed in six months. On 4 April 1959, Carleton was awarded the Egleston Medal, Columbia University\u2019s highest award for distinguished engineering achievement due to the breadth of engineering work undertaken during his career. In 1962, the Trustees of the University authorized the establishment of the Robert A. W. Carleton Strength of Materials Laboratory in the department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, due to the support of Robert A. W. (1881\u20131971) and his wife Christine S. Carleton (1905\u20131983). Eight years later, the Columbia Engineering Alumni Association commissioned a portrait of Carleton, painted by artist Lester Bentley. The painting was dedicated and given a place inside the Monnell Engineering Library in the Seeley W. Mudd Building in December 1970. This painting has since been moved into Carleton Lab and placed at the top of the staircase on the main floor. Robert A. W. Carleton died in 1971, but his wife continued to support Carleton Lab and Columbia Engineering in her husband\u2019s name until her death in 1983.", "Carleton University Carleton University is a public comprehensive university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1942 as Carleton College, a private, non-denominational evening college to serve veterans returning from World War II, the institution was chartered as a university by the provincial government in 1952 through \"The Carleton University Act\". The legislation was subsequently amended in 1957 to give the institution its current name. The university moved to its current campus in 1959, expanding rapidly throughout the 1960s amid broader efforts by the provincial government to increase support to post-secondary institutions and enhance access to higher education. The university is named for the now-dissolved Carleton County, which included the city of Ottawa at the time the university was founded. Carleton County, in turn, was named in honour of Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, who served as Governor General of The Canadas from 1786 to 1796. Carleton, which has more than 159,000 alumni worldwide, is reputed for its strength in many disciplines including the humanities, international business, aerospace engineering, computer science, international affairs, journalism, political science, political management, public policy and administration, and legal studies. Carleton has produced 6 Rhodes Scholars, 29 Royal Society Fellows, 20 recipients of the Order of Canada, 8 Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship awardees, and 3 National Killam Award recipients. As of 2019, Carleton has an enrolment of more than 27,000 undergraduate and more than 4,000 graduate students. Its campus is located west of Old Ottawa South, within close proximity to The Glebe and Confederation Heights, and is bounded to the north by the Rideau Canal and Dow's Lake and to the south by the Rideau River. Carleton competes in the U Sports league as the Carleton Ravens."], "answer": {"text": "\"Governor-in-chief\",", "answer_start": 167}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year is post war year", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#3", "question": "what important thing happened in the period", "rewrite": "what important thing happened in the Dorchester Post-war period", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer system's headworks, handling all of the city's sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point and is in the National Register of Historic Places. Dorchester was annexed by Boston in pieces beginning on March 6, 1804 and ending with complete annexation to the city of Boston after a plebiscite was held in Boston and Dorchester on June 22, 1869. As a result, Dorchester officially became part of Boston on January 3, 1870. This is also the historic reason that Dorchester Heights is today considered part of South Boston, not modern-day Dorchester, since it was part of the cession of Dorchester to Boston in 1804. Additional parts of Dorchester were ceded to Quincy (in 1792, 1814, 1819, and 1855) and portions of the original town of Dorchester became the separate towns of Hyde Park (1868 and later annexed to Boston in 1912), Milton (1662), and Stoughton (1726, itself later subdivided). In 1895, Frederick Law Olmsted, architect of the Boston Public Garden/Emerald Necklace and Central Park, was commissioned to create Dorchester Park, to be an urban forest for the residents of a growing Dorchester. In 1904, the Dorchester Historical Society incorporated \"Dorchester Day\" which commemorated the settlement of Dorchester in 1630. An annual event, Dorchester Day is a tableau of community events, highlighted by such activities as the Landing Day Observance, the Dorchester Day Parade along Dorchester Avenue the first Sunday in June, and as a grand finale, the Community Banquet. There was also increased social activism in Dorchester during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "That Most Important Thing: Love That Most Important Thing: Love (original French title: L'important c'est d'aimer) is a French film directed by Polish filmmaker Andrzej \u017bu\u0142awski. It tells the story of a passionate love relationship between Nadine Chevalier, a B-List actress (Romy Schneider) and Servais Mont, a photographer (Fabio Testi) in the violent and unforgiving French show business. In 1975, \u017bu\u0142awski coadapted and directed this movie, based on the novel by Christopher Frank \"\" (unrelated to the 1973 Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut film of that name). The success in France was such \u2013 it was featuring the very popular actress Romy Schneider and French singer Jacques Dutronc \u2013 that it allowed \u017bu\u0142awski to come back to Poland. The film had a total of 1,544,986 admissions in France. Romy Schneider received the inaugural C\u00e9sar Award for Best Actress for this role and Pedro Almod\u00f3var dedicated his film \"All About My Mother\" partially to her in this role. Servais Mont, a photographer, meets Nadine Chevalier who earns her money starring in cheap soft-core movies. Trying to help her, he borrows the money from loan sharks to finance the theatrical production of \"Richard III\" and gives Nadine a part. Nadine is torn between Servais, with whom she is falling in love, and her husband Jacques, to whom she has moral obligations. It was originally released in the U.S. in the 1970s in a dubbed version titled \"That Most Important Thing: Love\". The digitally restored French-language version made its theatrical debut in the U.S. in July 2017.", "His final day as a player was on June 19, playing both games of a doubleheader, against the White Sox. In five total plate appearances, he had two hits, with his final hit being a single in the eighth inning. Allen made one post-season appearance in the 1976 National League Championship Series as a member of the Phillies, batting .222 (2-9) with a run scored as the Phillies were swept by the Reds. Defensively, his best position was at first base, in which he compiled a .989 fielding percentage in 808 games. He also played 652 games at third base, 257 games in the outfield, and seven games at second base and shortstop. Dick Allen sang professionally in a high, delicate tenor. The tone and texture of his voice has drawn comparisons to Harptones' lead singer Willie Winfield. During Allen's time with the Sixties-era Phillies, he sang lead with a doo-wop group called The Ebonistics. Dick Allen and The Ebonistics sang professionally at Philadelphia night clubs. He once entertained during halftime of an NBA Philadelphia 76ers game. The \"Philadelphia Inquirer\" printed a review of his performance: Here came Rich Allen. Flowered shirt. Tie six-inches (152 mm) wide. Hiphugger bell-bottomed pants. A microphone in his hands. Rich Allen, the most booed man in Philadelphia from April to October, when Eagles coach Joe Kuharich takes over, walked out in front of 9,557 people at the Spectrum last night to sing with his group, The Ebonistics, and a most predictable thing happened. He was booed. Two songs later though, a most unpredictable thing happened. They cheered Rich Allen. They cheered him as warmly as they have ever cheered him for a game-winning home run.", "Gelbart co-wrote the long-running Broadway musical farce \" A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum\" with Burt Shevelove and Stephen Sondheim in 1962. After the show received poor reviews and box-office returns during its previews in Washington, D.C., rewrites and restaging helped; it was a smash Broadway hit and ran for 964 performances. Its book won a Tony Award. A film version starring Zero Mostel and directed by Richard Lester, was released in 1966. Gelbart was critical of the movie, as most of his and Shevelove's libretto was largely rewritten. Gelbart's other Broadway credits include the musical \"City of Angels\", which won him the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Book of a Musical, the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical, and an Edgar Award. He also wrote the Iran-contra satire \"Mastergate\", as well as \"Sly Fox\" and a musical adaptation of the Preston Sturges movie \"Hail the Conquering Hero\", whose grueling development inspired Gelbart to utter what evolved into the classic quip, \"If Hitler is alive, I hope he's out of town with a musical.\" In 1997, Gelbart published his memoir, \"Laughing Matters: On Writing M*A*S*H, Tootsie, Oh, God! and a Few Other Funny Things\". Gelbart was a contributing blogger at \"The Huffington Post\", and also was a regular participant on the alt.tv.mash Usenet newsgroup as \"Elsig\". In 1995, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him. He won a Tony Award for the book of \"A Funny Thing Happened On The Way to The Forum. \"", "In March 1945, Ernest Hemingway and \"Time\" correspondent and lover Mary Welsh stayed at the Dorchester, where they were entertained by Emerald, Lady Cunard, who had a three-room suite on the seventh floor. In 1949, the 150th anniversary of Alexander Pushkin's birth was organised at the hotel by the Society of Cultural Relations with the USSR, attended by the Soviet charg\u00e9 d'affaires, the Polish ambassador, the Romanian minister, and Cecil Day-Lewis, raising Mi5's suspicions that he still had communist sympathies, a contention he later denounced. In the post-war period, the Dorchester became one of the most popular hotels in London for actors and entertainers, and the banqueting rooms and suites became known for their press conferences and parties. Diners at the Dorchester included Cyril Connolly, T. S. Eliot, Harold Nicolson, and Edith Sitwell, with a clientele of luminaries such as Ralph Richardson, Elizabeth Taylor, Alfred Hitchcock, and Barbra Streisand. Queen Elizabeth II attended the Dorchester when she was a princess on the day prior to the announcement of her engagement to Philip Mountbatten on 10 July 1947. Philip also held his stag night party at the hotel, which has been documented in a plaque. When Said bin Taimur of Oman was ousted in a coup in July 1970 and replaced with his son Qaboos bin Said, he was sent in exile and lived at the Dorchester until his death in 1972. The McAlpine family owned the hotel until 1977 when they sold it to a consortium of businessmen from the Middle East headed by the Sultan of Brunei. On 3 June 1982, Shlomo Argov, the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom was shot and seriously injured in an assassination attempt as he left the Dorchester. The attack was the immediate cause for the 1982 Lebanon War."], "answer": {"text": "The Constitutional Act of 1791 split the large territory of Quebec", "answer_start": 661}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year is post war year", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did carleton do during the year", "answer": {"text": "\"Governor-in-chief\",", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#4", "question": "was the act approved", "rewrite": "was the Constitutional Act of 1791 approved", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This condition would last until the end of UNTAES mission in 1998. 31st Plenary Meeting Venice Commission on 20-21 June 1997 adopted its \"Memorandum on the revision of the Croatian constitutional law of Human Rights and Rights of Minorities\" in which it recommended \"\"inclusion of elements of the \"Letter of intent of the Government of the Republic of Croatia on the peaceful reintegration of the region under transitional administration\" in the Revised Constitutional Law\"\". Commission expressed its opinion that revised Constitutional Act should: Already before the end of the UNTAES mission on 15 January 1998 Croatian Parliament suspended implementation of certain elements of the Constitutional Law on Human Rights and Freedoms and Rights of National and Ethnic Communities or Minorities in the Republic of Croatia related to territorial autonomy of the Autonomous Districts of Knin and Glina. In that respect the law was not fully in force and both the Government and the Venice Commission favored introduction of a new constitutional act whereby the commission recommended that \u201c\"The rights of national minorities acquired by international agreements before the date this constitutional act takes effect may not be restricted or changed by this Constitutional Act\"\u201d. Number of meetings took place between the 1997 Government's decision on establishment of the Joint Council of Municipalities and 1999 registration in which Serb political representatives and members of Croatian Government negotiated the appropriate format of registration of the new entity. Representatives of the council requested that together with its sui-generis nature it should have properties of public-legal entity. Members of Croatian Government were divided whether to support the request for this type of registration or not which blocked the council from participation in some forms of official communication and standards and fixed streamlines of public funding. Upon the insistence from Serb representatives and the Venice Commission temporary solution was reached until the enactment of the new Constitutional Act on the Rights of National Minorities in the Republic of Croatia in 2003.", "Constitution of Denmark The Constitutional Act of the Kingdom of Denmark (), or simply the Constitution (), is the constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark, applying equally in Denmark proper, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. In its present form, the Constitutional Act is from 1953, but the principal features of the Act go back to 1849, making it one of the oldest constitutions. As defined in the Constitution, Denmark is a constitutional monarchy, governed under a parliamentary system. The constitution lays down the framework for governance and establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of the Folketing (the Danish parliament) and the government, as well as other institutions. Later sections set out fundamental rights and the duties of citizens, such as freedom of speech, freedom of religion and compulsory military service. Its adoption in 1849 ended an absolute monarchy and introduced democracy. Denmark celebrates the adoption of the Constitution on 5 June\u2014the date in which the first Constitution was ratified\u2014every year as Constitution Day. The Danish Parliament () cannot make any laws which may be repugnant or contrary to the Constitutional Act. While Denmark has no constitutional court, laws can be declared unconstitutional and rendered void by the Supreme Court of Denmark. Changes to the Act must be confirmed by a majority in two consecutive parliamentary terms and then approval of the electorate through a national referendum. The Danish Constitution differs from all other Danish laws by virtue of its superseding status. As such, these laws are not permitted to contravene the provisions of the Constitution Act. The main principle of the Constitutional Act was to limit the King's power (section 2). It creates a comparatively weak constitutional monarch who is dependent on Ministers for advice and Parliament to draft and pass legislation. The Constitution of 1849 established a bicameral parliament, the , consisting of the Landsting and the Folketing.", "Constitution of the Czech Republic The Constitution of the Czech Republic () is the supreme law of the Czech Republic. The current constitution was adopted by the Czech National Council on 16 December 1992. It entered into force on 1 January 1993, replacing the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia and the constitutional act No. 143/1968 Col., when Czechoslovakia gave way to the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic in a peaceful dissolution. The constitution is a constitutional act, and together with other constitutional acts constitutes the so-called constitutional order of the Czech Republic, or the constitution (with a small c). While the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms (Listina z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod, No. 2/1993 Coll.), an equally important constitutional act, asserts human and civic rights, the Constitution is concerned with state sovereignty and territorial integrity, and defines the institutions governing the state. The Constitution is divided into a preamble and 8 chapters. The fundamental provisions are followed by long chapters on the legislative power, the executive power (the cabinet and the president), and the judicial power (the Constitutional Court and other courts), and shorter chapters on the Supreme Audit Office, the Czech National Bank, and territorial self-government, concluding with interim provisions. As of April 2013, the constitution has been amended eight times. The most important amendments are Act No. 395/2001 Coll. providing the legal framework for the accession to the EU in 2004, and Act No. 71/2011 Coll., which came into force on 1 October 2012, and provided for the election of the president by popular vote. At the 28th meeting of the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic on 27 October 1968, a bill called the Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation was introduced jointly by the Czech National Council, the Slovak National Council, and the Czechoslovak Cabinet.", "Constitutional act of the Czech Republic A constitutional act, with respect to the laws of the Czech Republic, is an act which can change the Constitution of the Czech Republic, provisions of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms, the conditions under which the citizenry may exercise state power directly, or the exterior or interior frontiers of the territory of the Czech Republic. Passage of such an act can only be accomplished through the agreement of 3/5 of all Deputies and Senators present at the time the proposed act is laid before each house of Parliament. It is the only type of legislation which does not require the signature of the President to become law. Furthermore, it is the only type of legislation which the President cannot veto. A number of constitutional acts were required for the Czech government to function in its first year of existence. However, those had no lasting impact upon the constitution itself, and may, in hindsight, be regarded as \"votes which required 3/5 majorities\". For instance, the Provisional Senate of 1992 was \"constituted in a manner defined by a Constitutional Act\", but that act is not binding upon the Senate today. , only six constitutional acts have been passed which have truly changed the nature of the constitution. They have mostly been the result of implications in the original wording of the constitution that Parliament should pass constitutional acts on various subjects. Article 100 of the constitution provided that \"higher self-governing regions may be created or dissolved only by a constitutional act\". Parliament thus moved on 3 December 1997 to create 14 such regions. This required the act to rewrite Article 99 and repeal Article 103 of the constitution, so as to set the regions as being of higher authority than municipalities. Given the administrative burden of complying with the act, however, it did not come into effect until 1 January 2000.", "Constitutional Act 1791 From 1896 known as The \"Clergy Endowments (Canada) Act 1791\", the statute passed at Westminster in the 31st year of George III, and itemised as chapter 31 (31 Geo 3 c 31), was commonly known as the Constitutional Act 1791 (). It was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The \"Act\" reformed the government of the Province of Quebec (1763-1791) to accommodate, amongst other Loyalists, the 10,000 United Empire Loyalists who had arrived from the United States following the American Revolution. The Province of Quebec, with a population of 145,000 French-speaking Canadians, was divided in two when the Act took effect on 26 December 1791. The largely unpopulated western half became Upper Canada (now southern Ontario) and the eastern half became Lower Canada (now southern Quebec). The names Upper and Lower Canada were given according to their location along the St. Lawrence River. Upper Canada received English law and institutions, while Lower Canada retained French civil law and institutions, including feudal land tenure and the privileges accorded to the Roman Catholic Church. The legislative Council for the Affairs of the Province of Quebec, with its subset Executive Council cabinet, was continued and reinforced by the establishment of freeholder-elected legislative assemblies. These elected assemblies led to a form of representative government in both colonies; the Province of Quebec had not previously had a legislative assembly. The \"Constitutional Act\" attempted to create an established church by forming the clergy reserves, that is, grants of land reserved for the support of the (Protestant) Church of England. Income from the lease or sale of these reserves, which constituted one-seventh of the territory of Upper and Lower Canada, from 1791 went exclusively to the Church of England and, from 1824 on in a complex ratio, the (Presbyterian) Church of Scotland."], "answer": {"text": "split the large territory of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada,", "answer_start": 692}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year is post war year", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did carleton do during the year", "answer": {"text": "\"Governor-in-chief\",", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what important thing happened in the period", "answer": {"text": "The Constitutional Act of 1791 split the large territory of Quebec", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#5", "question": "any notable person during the period", "rewrite": "any notable person during the Dorchester Post-war period", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer system's headworks, handling all of the city's sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point and is in the National Register of Historic Places. Dorchester was annexed by Boston in pieces beginning on March 6, 1804 and ending with complete annexation to the city of Boston after a plebiscite was held in Boston and Dorchester on June 22, 1869. As a result, Dorchester officially became part of Boston on January 3, 1870. This is also the historic reason that Dorchester Heights is today considered part of South Boston, not modern-day Dorchester, since it was part of the cession of Dorchester to Boston in 1804. Additional parts of Dorchester were ceded to Quincy (in 1792, 1814, 1819, and 1855) and portions of the original town of Dorchester became the separate towns of Hyde Park (1868 and later annexed to Boston in 1912), Milton (1662), and Stoughton (1726, itself later subdivided). In 1895, Frederick Law Olmsted, architect of the Boston Public Garden/Emerald Necklace and Central Park, was commissioned to create Dorchester Park, to be an urban forest for the residents of a growing Dorchester. In 1904, the Dorchester Historical Society incorporated \"Dorchester Day\" which commemorated the settlement of Dorchester in 1630. An annual event, Dorchester Day is a tableau of community events, highlighted by such activities as the Landing Day Observance, the Dorchester Day Parade along Dorchester Avenue the first Sunday in June, and as a grand finale, the Community Banquet. There was also increased social activism in Dorchester during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "In March 1945, Ernest Hemingway and \"Time\" correspondent and lover Mary Welsh stayed at the Dorchester, where they were entertained by Emerald, Lady Cunard, who had a three-room suite on the seventh floor. In 1949, the 150th anniversary of Alexander Pushkin's birth was organised at the hotel by the Society of Cultural Relations with the USSR, attended by the Soviet charg\u00e9 d'affaires, the Polish ambassador, the Romanian minister, and Cecil Day-Lewis, raising Mi5's suspicions that he still had communist sympathies, a contention he later denounced. In the post-war period, the Dorchester became one of the most popular hotels in London for actors and entertainers, and the banqueting rooms and suites became known for their press conferences and parties. Diners at the Dorchester included Cyril Connolly, T. S. Eliot, Harold Nicolson, and Edith Sitwell, with a clientele of luminaries such as Ralph Richardson, Elizabeth Taylor, Alfred Hitchcock, and Barbra Streisand. Queen Elizabeth II attended the Dorchester when she was a princess on the day prior to the announcement of her engagement to Philip Mountbatten on 10 July 1947. Philip also held his stag night party at the hotel, which has been documented in a plaque. When Said bin Taimur of Oman was ousted in a coup in July 1970 and replaced with his son Qaboos bin Said, he was sent in exile and lived at the Dorchester until his death in 1972. The McAlpine family owned the hotel until 1977 when they sold it to a consortium of businessmen from the Middle East headed by the Sultan of Brunei. On 3 June 1982, Shlomo Argov, the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom was shot and seriously injured in an assassination attempt as he left the Dorchester. The attack was the immediate cause for the 1982 Lebanon War.", "Yusufpur  Yusufpur-Mohammadabad is a twin town in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. This town is actually a business hub for other near by districts like Ballia, Mau, Buxar etc. notable person: Dr. Sri Govind Rai medical practitioner and social worker. Yusufpur has a railway station which lies on the railway line linking Varanasi to Chhapra via Ghazipur and Ballia in the North Eastern Railway Zone. Notable person from this town are listed below: Dr. Shivpujan Rai, Mangla Rai,  Hari Narayan Singh, Vinod Rai,  Manoj Sinha, Krishnanand Rai,  Afzal Ansari,  Mukhtar Ansari,  Sibakatullah Ansari and  Hamid Ansari, Prasannojeet chaurasia", "Dorchester Publishing Dorchester Publishing was a publisher of mass market paperback books. Although mostly known for romance, Dorchester also published horror, thriller and Western titles. Dorchester was the original publisher of the \"Hard Case Crime\" line of pulp-style mysteries. In addition, Dorchester distributes the \"Family Doctor\" series of health guides in the U.S. and Canada. Their \"Love Spell\" imprint handles the newer types of romance, and complements their more traditional \"Leisure Books\" imprint. They also have an imprint for thrillers, the \"Smooch\" imprint for young adult literature, and \"Making It\" for trade paperback chick-lit novels. Dorchester also publishes romance magazines such as \"True Confessions\" and \"True Story\". Dorchester offers book clubs, fan registries, and a comprehensive website for readers. Dorchester books are featured in their \"Dear Reader Book Clubs\", which allows readers to read a chapter a day from the book for a week. Dorchester Publishing was founded in 1971, and claims to be the oldest independent mass market publisher in America. Dorchester acquired Leisure Books in c. 1982, making it into a Dorchester imprint and eventually transitioning Leisure into a horror line. They added the \"Love Spell\" imprint in 1993, and new thriller and young adult imprints in 2003. In 2004, they launched their trade paperback chick-lit imprint \"Making It\", and with Charles Ardai they co-founded the \"Hard Case Crime\" imprint. Also in 2004, Dorchester purchased magazine publisher Sterling/MacFadden, acquiring with it several romance magazines. In August 2010, after two years of big drops in sales, Dorchester announced a temporary shift from printing books on paper to e-books and print-on-demand services. At the same time, they announced that they would be setting new royalty rates for their authors.", "Though, due to its location, the station is more of service to the Noctorum community, rather than Upton. This is not considered a problem however, as the locality is well served by regular bus services. National Cycle Route 56 passes along the eastern side of the village. This route goes from Chester to Liverpool via Leasowe and Seacombe and includes part of the Wirral Way, along its course. The most notable person, who lived in Upton, was William Inman, who was the owner of the Inman Line of ships which operated from Liverpool to New York. The most notable person to have an association with Upton is Dixie Dean, the professional footballer who holds the league record for the most goals scored in one season. Dixie Dean worked in Upton as a delivery boy. Whilst, the most notable contemporary person, who can be associated with Upton, is the BBC reporter Sally Nugent. Sally Nugent was educated at Upton Hall School and is a sports presenter on BBC Breakfast. Lesser, but still notable, people to have been associated with Upton include the sportsmen Andrew Baddeley, a resident of Upton, who is an English middle distance runner who competed in the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics and Danny Harrison, an English footballer with Tranmere Rovers and latterly Chester, who has also lived in Upton. Berlie Doherty is an English writer who was also educated at Upton Hall School, similarly to Sally Nugent. Meanwhile, a former teacher from the same school, Angela Topping, is also an English writer. Of music, Joan Carlyle, an English opera singer, was born in Upton. Meanwhile, Chris Shaw, is an English synthpop musician, from Upton. Whilst, of religion, notable Anglican priests, who have both been incumbent at St. Mary's Church, are Cecil Druitt and George Aickin."], "answer": {"text": "Robert Prescott,", "answer_start": 1171}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year is post war year", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did carleton do during the year", "answer": {"text": "\"Governor-in-chief\",", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what important thing happened in the period", "answer": {"text": "The Constitutional Act of 1791 split the large territory of Quebec", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the act approved", "answer": {"text": "split the large territory of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada,", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#6", "question": "What is robert known for", "rewrite": "What is robert Prescott known for", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Prescott Valley, Arizona Prescott Valley is a town located in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States, about 8 miles east of Prescott, which it has surpassed in growth. Prescott Valley was the seventh fastest-growing place among all cities and towns in Arizona between 1990 and 2000, with a current population (October 2016) of about 45,500 residents. Prescott Valley's Fitzmaurice Ruins contain artifacts from the early Mountain Patayan people who inhabited the area some 1,400 years ago. The Walker Party discovered gold along Lynx Creek in 1863. The Lynx Creek placers went on to produce a recorded of gold. Estimates of actual production range up to , which would be worth about $108 million at 2017 prices. Prescott Valley, formerly known as Lonesome Valley, was settled by ranchers in the 1880s, raising beef to supply the miners and new settlers. The Fain family, pioneer ranchers, still ranch in the valley. Thomas Gibson Barlow-Massicks arrived in the area in the early 1890s and built the historic \"castle\" that still stands in Fain Park. Massicks had a hydraulic gold mining operation in Lynx Creek Canyon and built the company mining camp of Massicks, Arizona just east of his Victorian home, the castle. The fireplace with chimney just inside the castle's fence is all that remains of the Massicks store. Massicks accidentally shot himself and died in April 1899 at the age of 37. In the 1930s, there was a gold dredging operation, the Doodle Bug Diggings, farther east in Lynx Creek Canyon. In the mid-1960s, Prescott Valley Incorporated, a real-estate company from Phoenix, purchased land in an area 10 miles east of Prescott known as Lonesome Valley. In 1966, representatives from Prescott Valley Inc. began traveling to the Midwest to sell home lots.", "Robert Prescott (disambiguation)  Robert Prescott (c. 1726\u20131815) was a British soldier. Robert Prescott may also refer to:", "Robert Prescott (actor) Robert Prescott (born 1957) is an American actor who has starred in various roles in film and on television. He is best known for his role as Kent in the 1985 hit comedy film \"Real Genius\". He also starred in the 1984 comedy film \"Bachelor Party\" as Cole Whittier, and appeared in the 1987 Mel Brooks hit comedy \"Spaceballs\" in a cameo as the Sand Cruiser Driver. Prescott starred on television in the \"Father Dowling Mysteries\" TV movie \"\". Prescott has also made guest appearances on TV shows such as \"Hill Street Blues\", \"The Sopranos\", \"Law & Order\", and \"\".", "Robert Prescott General Robert Prescott (Lancashire c. 1726 \u2013 21 December 1815 Rose Green West Sussex) was a British soldier and colonial administrator. He enlisted in the British Army in 1745 and served during the Seven Years' War. He was at the siege of Louisburg and became an aide-de-camp to General Jeffery Amherst in 1759 participating in the capture of Montreal. Prescott then served in the West Indies and became Governor of Martinique in 1794. In 1796 he became governor-in-chief of British North America and commander of British forces. He remained in the position until 1807 but spent much of his time outside of Canada. He was unable to resolve growing demands among French-Canadians and was recalled in 1799. Prescott, Ontario and Prescott County are named in his honour.", "Prescott, Ontario  Prescott, Ontario is a small town on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, Canada. In 2016, the town had a population of 3965. The Ogdensburg\u2013Prescott International Bridge, east of Prescott at Johnstown, connects the town with Ogdensburg, New York. The town is about an hour from both Ottawa and Kingston. The town was founded in the early 19th century by Edward Jessup, a Loyalist soldier during the American Revolution, who named the village after a former Governor-in-Chief, Robert Prescott. Prior to 1834, the town was a part of Augusta township; however, in that year the town became a police village, and severed its ties with Augusta. The land here was ideal for settlement during the 18th and 19th centuries as it was situated between Montreal and Kingston along the St. Lawrence River at the head of the rapids. In the mid-to-late 1600s, the French occupied the area surrounding what was to become Prescott, Ontario. The first known location of a French settlement was a trading post in 1673 located east of Prescott in what is now Johnstown. By the 1680s, a small French fort was located in what is believed to be Prescott called Fort la Galette; according to O'Callaghan, the fortified post la Galette was located along the St. Lawrence River, north of Ogdensburg. Additionally, according to Queen's University Quarterly from 1895, the area around Prescott was sometimes referred to as la Galette which it attributed to references to the first fort taken from French diaries. The fort was built to protect their newly established trading posts from British invasion. It is unclear when or why this fort fell into disuse; however, Fort de La Pr\u00e9sentation was built in close proximity in 1749 which could have been built to replace la Galette."], "answer": {"text": "His replacement,", "answer_start": 1154}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year is post war year", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did carleton do during the year", "answer": {"text": "\"Governor-in-chief\",", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what important thing happened in the period", "answer": {"text": "The Constitutional Act of 1791 split the large territory of Quebec", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the act approved", "answer": {"text": "split the large territory of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada,", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any notable person during the period", "answer": {"text": "Robert Prescott,", "answer_start": 1171, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1600d2675e344305ab34e3971a5359f4_0_q#7", "question": "any other person apart from robert", "rewrite": "Was there any other person apart from robert that was notable during the Dorchester Post-war period", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dorchester Publishing Dorchester Publishing was a publisher of mass market paperback books. Although mostly known for romance, Dorchester also published horror, thriller and Western titles. Dorchester was the original publisher of the \"Hard Case Crime\" line of pulp-style mysteries. In addition, Dorchester distributes the \"Family Doctor\" series of health guides in the U.S. and Canada. Their \"Love Spell\" imprint handles the newer types of romance, and complements their more traditional \"Leisure Books\" imprint. They also have an imprint for thrillers, the \"Smooch\" imprint for young adult literature, and \"Making It\" for trade paperback chick-lit novels. Dorchester also publishes romance magazines such as \"True Confessions\" and \"True Story\". Dorchester offers book clubs, fan registries, and a comprehensive website for readers. Dorchester books are featured in their \"Dear Reader Book Clubs\", which allows readers to read a chapter a day from the book for a week. Dorchester Publishing was founded in 1971, and claims to be the oldest independent mass market publisher in America. Dorchester acquired Leisure Books in c. 1982, making it into a Dorchester imprint and eventually transitioning Leisure into a horror line. They added the \"Love Spell\" imprint in 1993, and new thriller and young adult imprints in 2003. In 2004, they launched their trade paperback chick-lit imprint \"Making It\", and with Charles Ardai they co-founded the \"Hard Case Crime\" imprint. Also in 2004, Dorchester purchased magazine publisher Sterling/MacFadden, acquiring with it several romance magazines. In August 2010, after two years of big drops in sales, Dorchester announced a temporary shift from printing books on paper to e-books and print-on-demand services. At the same time, they announced that they would be setting new royalty rates for their authors.", "This system remained in active use and was the Boston Sewer system's headworks, handling all of the city's sewage, until 1968 when a new treatment facility was built on Deer Island. The pumping station is also architecturally significant as a Richardsonian Romanesque designed by the then Boston city architect, George Clough. It is also the only remaining 19th century building on Columbia Point and is in the National Register of Historic Places. Dorchester was annexed by Boston in pieces beginning on March 6, 1804 and ending with complete annexation to the city of Boston after a plebiscite was held in Boston and Dorchester on June 22, 1869. As a result, Dorchester officially became part of Boston on January 3, 1870. This is also the historic reason that Dorchester Heights is today considered part of South Boston, not modern-day Dorchester, since it was part of the cession of Dorchester to Boston in 1804. Additional parts of Dorchester were ceded to Quincy (in 1792, 1814, 1819, and 1855) and portions of the original town of Dorchester became the separate towns of Hyde Park (1868 and later annexed to Boston in 1912), Milton (1662), and Stoughton (1726, itself later subdivided). In 1895, Frederick Law Olmsted, architect of the Boston Public Garden/Emerald Necklace and Central Park, was commissioned to create Dorchester Park, to be an urban forest for the residents of a growing Dorchester. In 1904, the Dorchester Historical Society incorporated \"Dorchester Day\" which commemorated the settlement of Dorchester in 1630. An annual event, Dorchester Day is a tableau of community events, highlighted by such activities as the Landing Day Observance, the Dorchester Day Parade along Dorchester Avenue the first Sunday in June, and as a grand finale, the Community Banquet. There was also increased social activism in Dorchester during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.", "In March 1945, Ernest Hemingway and \"Time\" correspondent and lover Mary Welsh stayed at the Dorchester, where they were entertained by Emerald, Lady Cunard, who had a three-room suite on the seventh floor. In 1949, the 150th anniversary of Alexander Pushkin's birth was organised at the hotel by the Society of Cultural Relations with the USSR, attended by the Soviet charg\u00e9 d'affaires, the Polish ambassador, the Romanian minister, and Cecil Day-Lewis, raising Mi5's suspicions that he still had communist sympathies, a contention he later denounced. In the post-war period, the Dorchester became one of the most popular hotels in London for actors and entertainers, and the banqueting rooms and suites became known for their press conferences and parties. Diners at the Dorchester included Cyril Connolly, T. S. Eliot, Harold Nicolson, and Edith Sitwell, with a clientele of luminaries such as Ralph Richardson, Elizabeth Taylor, Alfred Hitchcock, and Barbra Streisand. Queen Elizabeth II attended the Dorchester when she was a princess on the day prior to the announcement of her engagement to Philip Mountbatten on 10 July 1947. Philip also held his stag night party at the hotel, which has been documented in a plaque. When Said bin Taimur of Oman was ousted in a coup in July 1970 and replaced with his son Qaboos bin Said, he was sent in exile and lived at the Dorchester until his death in 1972. The McAlpine family owned the hotel until 1977 when they sold it to a consortium of businessmen from the Middle East headed by the Sultan of Brunei. On 3 June 1982, Shlomo Argov, the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom was shot and seriously injured in an assassination attempt as he left the Dorchester. The attack was the immediate cause for the 1982 Lebanon War.", "Maria Antonietta Avanzo  Baroness Maria Antonietta Avanzo (5 February 1889 \u2013 17 January 1977) was the first Italian female racetrack driver and \"the most famous Italian woman racing driver of the inter-war period\". She competed in numerous events throughout her career, including racing the Mille Miglia five times. In 1921, she famously drove a twelve-cylinder Packard 299 on the beach of the island of Fan\u00f8, in Denmark. She married her husband Baron Eustachio Avanzo in 1908 with whom she had two children, Luisa in 1909 and Renzo in 1911. In her career she fought for the right to compete as a woman, and became an activist for equality for women and a symbol of early feminism. Maria Antonietta Avanzo (n\u00e9e Bellan) was born in 1889 at Contarina, now Porto Viro, near Rovigo and learned to drive on her father's De Dion-Bouton tricycle. Before the Great War she married Baron Eustachio Avanzo, with whom she later had two children, and they moved to Rome. Both her father and her husband encouraged her driving talents, and Eustachio bought her a 35 hp SPA sportscar to race. In 1920 she began her racing career at the wheel of the SPA 35/50 in the Giro del Lazio. The first big race of Avanzo's career was the 1920 Giro del Lazio. She won her class, despite having to replace an errant wheel during the event. In 1920, she entered the Targa Florio in a Buick, but she did not finish and had to retire during her third lap. 1921 was an eventful year for Avanzo.", "Robert Stone (basketball)  Robert Stone also known as Robbie Stone (born 9 September 1987) is an ex Australian professional basketball player who played for the Melbourne Tigers in the National Basketball League (NBL). Robert Stone lead Camberwell High School to its first ever Schools Sports Victoria (SSV) State title in 2001 averaging 20.4 points per game. Upon graduating from Camberwell High School in 2005, Stone attended California's Lassen College in 2006\u201307 where he started as a freshman in 16 games averaging 9.9 points & 3.1 assists per game. Stone is the only person apart from Adrian Sturt to have played for the Melbourne Tigers in Junior, VBL, ABA & NBL programs. Stone made his professional debut against the Adelaide 36ers on 28 December 2008. Following the 2008/2009 NBL season Stone was a key member of the 2009 Big V State Championship side that showcased players such as Daryl Corletto, Matt O'Hea, Tommy Greer, Daniel Johnson, Adrian Strut & Boden Westover. Stone played for the Melbourne Tigers in the NBL from 2008-2011 & played 103 game in the Championship division in Big V."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did the Dorchester post war started", "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Quebec on 23 October", "answer_start": 328, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year is post war year", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did carleton do during the year", "answer": {"text": "\"Governor-in-chief\",", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what important thing happened in the period", "answer": {"text": "The Constitutional Act of 1791 split the large territory of Quebec", "answer_start": 661, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the act approved", "answer": {"text": "split the large territory of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada,", "answer_start": 692, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any notable person during the period", "answer": {"text": "Robert Prescott,", "answer_start": 1171, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is robert known for", "answer": {"text": "His replacement,", "answer_start": 1154, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#0", "question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "rewrite": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chaumont Historic District Chaumont Historic District is a national historic district located at Chaumont in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 33 contributing buildings. District boundaries encompass 23 residences, one commercial building, one fraternal building, one church, and 15 associated outbuildings and objects. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.", "Physical cosmology Physical cosmology is a branch of cosmology concerned with the studies of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed those physical laws to be understood. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the development in 1915 of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, followed by major observational discoveries in the 1920s: first, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe contains a huge number of external galaxies beyond the Milky Way; then, work by Vesto Slipher and others showed that the universe is expanding. These advances made it possible to speculate about the origin of the universe, and allowed the establishment of the Big Bang theory, by Georges Lema\u00eetre, as the leading cosmological model. A few researchers still advocate a handful of alternative cosmologies; however, most cosmologists agree that the Big Bang theory explains the observations better. Dramatic advances in observational cosmology since the 1990s, including the cosmic microwave background, distant supernovae and galaxy redshift surveys, have led to the development of a standard model of cosmology. This model requires the universe to contain large amounts of dark matter and dark energy whose nature is currently not well understood, but the model gives detailed predictions that are in excellent agreement with many diverse observations. Cosmology draws heavily on the work of many disparate areas of research in theoretical and applied physics. Areas relevant to cosmology include particle physics experiments and theory, theoretical and observational astrophysics, general relativity, quantum mechanics, and plasma physics. Modern cosmology developed along tandem tracks of theory and observation.", "Religious cosmology Religious cosmology is an explanation of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe, from a religious perspective. This may include beliefs on origin in the form of a creation myth, subsequent evolution, current organizational form and nature, and eventual fate or destiny. There are various traditions in religion or religious mythology asserting how and why everything is the way it is and the significance of it all. Religious cosmologies describe the spatial lay-out of the universe in terms of the world in which people typically dwell as well as other dimensions, such as the seven dimensions of religion; these are ritual, experience and emotional, narrative and mythical, doctrinal, ethical, social, and material. Religious mythologies may include descriptions of an act or process of creation by a creator deity or a larger pantheon of deities, explanations of the transformation of chaos into order, or the assertion that existence is a matter of endless cyclical transformations. Religious cosmology differs from a strictly scientific cosmology informed by the results of the study of astronomy and similar fields, and may differ in conceptualizations of the world's physical structure and place in the universe, its creation, and forecasts or predictions on its future. The scope of religious cosmology is more inclusive than a strictly scientific cosmology (physical cosmology) in that religious cosmology is not limited to experiential observation, testing of hypotheses, and proposals of theories; for example, religious cosmology may explain why everything is the way it is or seems to be the way it is and prescribing what humans should do in context. Variations in religious cosmology include those of Indian origin, such as Buddhism, Hindu, and Jain; the religious beliefs of China; and, the beliefs of the Abrahamic faiths, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.", "Mandaeans  Mandaeans () are an ethnoreligious group native to the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia and are followers of Mandaeism, a monotheistic Gnostic religion. They were probably the first to practice baptism and are the last surviving Gnostics from antiquity. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before many switched to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian. Mandaic is mainly preserved as a liturgical language. In the aftermath of the Iraq War of 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which used to number 60,000\u201370,000 persons, collapsed; most of the community relocated to nearby Iran, Syria and Jordan, or formed diaspora communities beyond the Middle East. The other community of Iranian Mandaeans has also been dwindling as a result of religious persecution over that decade. There are several indications of the ultimate origin of the Mandaeans. Early religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and \"Yardena\" (Jordan) has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. The Mandaic language is a dialect of southeastern Aramaic and is closely related to the language of the Babylonian Talmud. They formally refer to themselves as \"Nasurai\" (Nasoraeans). A priest holds the title of Rabbi and a place of worship is called a \"Mashkhanna\". According to Mandaean sources such as the Haran Gawaita, the \"Nasurai\" inhabited the areas around Jerusalem and the River Jordan in the 1st century CE. There is archaeological evidence that attests to the Mandaean presence in pre-Islamic Iraq. Some scholars, including Kurt Rudolph, connect the early Mandaeans with the Jewish sect of the Nasoraeans.", "Chaumont, New York  Chaumont ( ) is a village in Jefferson County, New York, in the United States. Its population was 624 at the 2010 census. The village is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, son of Benjamin Franklin's landlord and friend at Passy in France. The village of Chaumont is in the town of Lyme and is northwest of Watertown. In 1750, Ray had bought the Chaumont castle (named from the Old French for \"bald hill\", and built in two periods around 1500) in the Loire Valley of France. (, the village near it is called Chaumont-sur-Loire to distinguish it from the many other Chaumonts in France.) His son, known as James Leray or James Leray Chaumont, travelled to the United States and later settled there. The first European-descended settlement of the village began in 1802, replacing an unsatisfactory site chosen the previous year. The economy of the early village was based on fishing and ship building. In July 1853, the community contained about fifty dwellings, along with other structures. Chaumont was incorporated as a village in 1874, and its historic core was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Chaumont Historic District. The village has twice been proposed to be dissolved into the surrounding town of Lyme. The first dissolution referendum was defeated by a margin of 129\u201372 in March 1999; a second attempt was rejected by a 145\u2013102 margin on November 6, 2012. In addition to the Chaumont Historic District, the Cedar Grove Cemetery, Chaumont Grange Hall and Dairymen's League Building, Chaumont House, Chaumont Railroad Station, George Brothers Building, George House, and Menzo Wheeler House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places."], "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#1", "question": "What were some of the accounts?", "rewrite": "What were some of the accounts of the creation of the cosmos?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2017 New York Cosmos season The 2017 New York Cosmos season was the new Cosmos' fifth season of existence, playing in the new North American Soccer League. Including the previous franchise, this was the 19th season of a club entitled New York Cosmos playing professional soccer in the New York metropolitan area. The 2016 season saw the Cosmos achieve a league-best 20\u20135\u20137 combined regular season record. In the Soccer Bowl playoffs, the Cosmos defeated Rayo OKC in the semifinals before beating Indy Eleven in penalty kicks in Soccer Bowl 2016 on November 13, 2016. It was the franchise's sixth division two honor. Including the previous franchise, it was the Cosmos' eighth Soccer Bowl title. Following that successful 2016 Championship run, the Cosmos and the league faced serious questions on survival. In the week after the championship game, league officials and team owners met in Atlanta for a crisis meeting on November 29. Two franchises (Ottawa Fury FC and Tampa Bay Rowdies) had already made plans to leave for the USL. The Cosmos had already started laying off front office staff and entered furlough on other staff and club members. On December 14, Cosmos chairman Seamus O'Brien publicly announced that the Cosmos will not field a team in 2017. The USSF still had not made a decision on the divisional status of the NASL or USL. The announcement and talks had been delayed several times, and O'Brien felt that the Cosmos could not play in a Division 3 sanctioned league. By this time the Cosmos had released all of their players and coaching staff from their contracts and left a skeleton crew to operate the front office. The following players signed with other teams prior to the announcement of the Cosmos returning for 2017. (Danny Szetela had signed with the NASL expansion San Francisco Deltas but returned to the Cosmos.)", "Vancouver Whitecaps 4, New York Cosmos 1 Empire Stadium 32,372  June 20, 1979: Minnesota Kicks 3, New York Cosmos 2 Metropolitan Stadium 43,952  June 24, 1979: New York Cosmos 1 , New England Tea Men 0 Giants Stadium 41,428  June 27, 1979: New York Cosmos 3, Portland Timber 1 Giants Stadium 33,721  July 1, 1979: New York Cosmos 5, Rochester Lancers 2 Giants Stadium 40,379  July 7, 1979: New York Cosmos 2, New England Tea Men 1 Foxboro Stadium 15,763  July 11, 1979: New York Cosmos 1, Seattle Sounders 1 (Sounders won in shootout) Giants Stadium 40,207 JUly 15, 1979: Vancouver Whitecaps 4, New York Cosmos 2 Giants Stadium 48,753  July 18, 1979: New York Cosmos 4, Fort Lauredale Strikers 3 Lockhart Stadium 19,850  July 21, 1979: New York Cosmos 1, Philadelphia Fury 0 Veterans Stadium 17,352  July 25, 1979: New York Cosmos 4, Minnesota Kicks 1 Giants Stadium 57,223  July 29, 1979: New York Cosmos 5, San Jose Earthquakes 0 Giants Stadium 35,450 August 1, 1979: New York Cosmos 3, Los Angeles Aztecs 1 Rose Bowl 38,606 August 5, 1979: New York Cosmos 4, Rochester Lancers 2 Holleder Memorial Stadium 18,881 August 8, 1979: New York Cosmos 4, Tampa Bay Rowdies 3 Giants Stadium 70,042 August 12, 1979: New York Cosmos 4, Washington Diplomats 4 (Cosmos won in a shootout) Giants Stadium 34,599", "1982 New York Cosmos season The 1982 New York Cosmos season was the 12th season for the New York Cosmos in the now-defunct North American Soccer League. The Cosmos completed their fourth double\u2014a feat not matched by any NASL or, as yet, MLS club\u2014finishing 37 points ahead of Seattle for the league premiership, and defeating the Sounders in Soccer Bowl '82 for the league championship. \"Pld = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points\" 6 points for a win, 1 point for a shootout win, 0 points for a loss, 1 point for each goal scored (up to three per game). April 10, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Jacksonville Tea Men 2 Jacksonville, Fl Attendance: 4,537 April 18, 1982, New York Cosmos 2, Tampa Bay Rowdies 0 Giants Stadium Attendance 52,436  April 24, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Chicago Sting 1 Wrigley Field Attendance 16,149  April 28, 1982: Fort Lauderdale Strikers 2, New York Cosmos 1 Lockhart Stadium Attendance 17,951 May 2, 1982: New York Cosmos 2, Jacksonville Tea Men 0 Giants Stadium Attendance 32,710 May 5, 1982: New York Cosmos 1, Toronto Blizzard 2 Varsity Stadium Attendance 16,746 May 8, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Tulsa Roughnecks 2 Skelly Stadium Attendance 21,118 May 12, 1982: New York Cosmos 2, San Diego Sockers 1 San Diego Sports Arena 14,805 May 16, 1982: Chicago Sting 1, New York Cosmos 3 Giants Stadium 36,193 May 19, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Portland Timbers 2 Civic Stadium 15,233 May 23, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Fort Lauderdale Strikers 2 Giants Stadium 18,710  June 6, 1982:", "1979 New York Cosmos season The 1979 New York Cosmos season was the ninth season for the New York Cosmos in the now-defunct North American Soccer League. 1979 saw the club continue their premiership streak to three seasons with the league's highest point total, and match their wins record while achieving a record point total, but the Cosmos' quest for a third straight NASL championship ended with a loss in the conference finals to the Vancouver Whitecaps. \"Pld = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points\" 6 points for a win, 1 point for a shootout win, 0 points for a loss, 1 point for each goal scored (up to three per game). April 22, 1979: New York Cosmos 3, Fort Lauderdale Strikers 2 Giants Stadium 72,342 April 29, 1979: New York Cosmos 4, Philadelphia Fury 2 Giants Stadium 46,375 May, 4, 1979: New York Cosmos 1, Toronto Blizzard 0 Varsity Stadium 29,483 May 6, 1979: New York Cosmos 3, Houston Hurricane 0 Giants Stadium 50,142 May 12, 1979: Tampa Bay Rowdies 3, New York Cosmos 2 Tampa Stadium 40,701 May 20, 1979: New York Cosmos 3, Tulsa Roughnecks 1 Giants Stadium 46,344 May 26, 1979: New York Cosmos 1, Portland Timber 1 (Cosmos won in shootout) Civic Center 18,254 May 28, 1979: Chicago Sting 3, New York Cosmos 1 Soldier Field 21,127  June 3, 1979: New York Cosmos 3, Toronto Blizzard 1 Giants Stadium 38,762  June 9, 1979: New York Cosmos 4, Dallas Tornado 1 Giants Stadium 45,031  June 13, 1979: New York Cosmos 3, Tulsa Roughnecks 2 Skelly Stadium 30,162  June 16, 1979:", "New York Cosmos 2, Toronto Blizzard 1 Giants Stadium 18,938 June 12, 1982: New York Cosmos 2, Tampa Bay Rowdies 0 Tampa Stadium 28,475  June 18. 1982: Montreal Manic 3, New York Cosmos 2 Olympic Stadium 32,654  June 20, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Seattle Sounders 2 Giants Stadium 27,397  June 23, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Vancouver Whitecaps 2 Giants Stadium 22,914  June 27, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Edmonton Drillers 1 Giants Stadium 26,379  June 30, 1982: San Jose Earthquakes 4, New York Cosmos 2 Spartan Stadium 18,111  July 3, 1982: Vancouver Whitecaps 1, New York Cosmos 0 Empire Stadium 22,618  July 7, 1982: Edmonton Drillers 2, New York Cosmos 1 Clarke Stadium 8,697  July 10, 1982: New York Cosmos 2, Chicago Sting 1 Wrigley Field 18,023  July 14, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Montreal Manic 2 Giants Stadium 25,634  July 18, 1982: New York Cosmos 6, Portland Timbers 2 Giants Stadium 24,387  July 22, 1982: New York Cosmos 1, Toronto Blizzard 0 Varsity Stadium 10,856  July 25, 1982: New York Cosmos 2, San Diego Sockers 1 Giants Stadium 29,572  July 28, 1982: New York Cosmos 2, San Jose Earthquakes 1 Giants Stadium 18,828  August 1, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Montreal Manic 2 Giants Stadium 38,891  August 4, 1982: Seattle Sounders 3, New York Cosmos 2 Kingdome attendance 23,925 August 11, 1982: Toronto Blizzard 4, New York Cosmos 1 Giants Stadium Attendance 22,158 August 15, 1982: New York Cosmos 3, Chicago Sting 1 Giants Stadium Attendance 36,241 August 18, 1982:"], "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#2", "question": "What divides them?", "rewrite": "What divides the Mandaeism accounts of the creation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Boomerang attack In cryptography, the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David Wagner, who used it to break the COCONUT98 cipher. The boomerang attack has allowed new avenues of attack for many ciphers previously deemed safe from differential cryptanalysis. Refinements on the boomerang attack have been published: the amplified boomerang attack, then the rectangle attack. The boomerang attack is based on differential cryptanalysis. In differential cryptanalysis, an attacker exploits how differences in the input to a cipher (the plaintext) can affect the resultant difference at the output (the ciphertext). A high-probability \"differential\" (that is, an input difference that will produce a likely output difference) is needed that covers all, or nearly all, of the cipher. The boomerang attack allows differentials to be used which cover only part of the cipher. The attack attempts to generate a so-called \"quartet\" structure at a point halfway through the cipher. For this purpose, say that the encryption action, \"E\", of the cipher can be split into two consecutive stages, \"E\" and \"E\", so that \"E(M)\" = \" E\"(\"E\"(M)), where \"M\" is some plaintext message. Suppose we have two differentials for the two stages; say, for \"E\", and The basic attack proceeds as follows: One attack on KASUMI, a block cipher used in 3GPP, is a related-key rectangle attack which breaks the full eight rounds of the cipher faster than exhaustive search (Biham et al., 2005).", "Chaumont, New York  Chaumont ( ) is a village in Jefferson County, New York, in the United States. Its population was 624 at the 2010 census. The village is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, son of Benjamin Franklin's landlord and friend at Passy in France. The village of Chaumont is in the town of Lyme and is northwest of Watertown. In 1750, Ray had bought the Chaumont castle (named from the Old French for \"bald hill\", and built in two periods around 1500) in the Loire Valley of France. (, the village near it is called Chaumont-sur-Loire to distinguish it from the many other Chaumonts in France.) His son, known as James Leray or James Leray Chaumont, travelled to the United States and later settled there. The first European-descended settlement of the village began in 1802, replacing an unsatisfactory site chosen the previous year. The economy of the early village was based on fishing and ship building. In July 1853, the community contained about fifty dwellings, along with other structures. Chaumont was incorporated as a village in 1874, and its historic core was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Chaumont Historic District. The village has twice been proposed to be dissolved into the surrounding town of Lyme. The first dissolution referendum was defeated by a margin of 129\u201372 in March 1999; a second attempt was rejected by a 145\u2013102 margin on November 6, 2012. In addition to the Chaumont Historic District, the Cedar Grove Cemetery, Chaumont Grange Hall and Dairymen's League Building, Chaumont House, Chaumont Railroad Station, George Brothers Building, George House, and Menzo Wheeler House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Chaumont Historic District Chaumont Historic District is a national historic district located at Chaumont in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 33 contributing buildings. District boundaries encompass 23 residences, one commercial building, one fraternal building, one church, and 15 associated outbuildings and objects. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.", "Mandaeans  Mandaeans () are an ethnoreligious group native to the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia and are followers of Mandaeism, a monotheistic Gnostic religion. They were probably the first to practice baptism and are the last surviving Gnostics from antiquity. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before many switched to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian. Mandaic is mainly preserved as a liturgical language. In the aftermath of the Iraq War of 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which used to number 60,000\u201370,000 persons, collapsed; most of the community relocated to nearby Iran, Syria and Jordan, or formed diaspora communities beyond the Middle East. The other community of Iranian Mandaeans has also been dwindling as a result of religious persecution over that decade. There are several indications of the ultimate origin of the Mandaeans. Early religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and \"Yardena\" (Jordan) has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. The Mandaic language is a dialect of southeastern Aramaic and is closely related to the language of the Babylonian Talmud. They formally refer to themselves as \"Nasurai\" (Nasoraeans). A priest holds the title of Rabbi and a place of worship is called a \"Mashkhanna\". According to Mandaean sources such as the Haran Gawaita, the \"Nasurai\" inhabited the areas around Jerusalem and the River Jordan in the 1st century CE. There is archaeological evidence that attests to the Mandaean presence in pre-Islamic Iraq. Some scholars, including Kurt Rudolph, connect the early Mandaeans with the Jewish sect of the Nasoraeans.", "It had been owned by Elisha C. Dick, one of the physicians attending George Washington on his deathbed as well as a noted abolitionist and early mayor of Alexandria. Barrett joined the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1904, as a member of the Mount Vernon Chapter. In 1919, she was elected State Regent of the Virginia Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, an office she held until her death. On February 21, 1925, Barrett held an organizing meeting in her home for what became the Alexandria/Arlington chapter. Upon Barrett's unexpected death two days later, the new chapter changed its name to the Kate Waller Barrett Chapter in her honor. When Barrett died on February 23, 1925, the flag over the Virginia Capitol in Richmond was flown at half-staff. She was the first woman in the history of the commonwealth to be so honored. In 2006, the Library of Virginia honored Barrett as one of the Virginia Women in History. Barrett served on the Board of Visitors of the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, and was the first woman to be made an honorary member of their Phi Beta Kappa chapter. A dormitory has also been named for her. In Virginia, three institutions are named after her: Barrett had a tremendous impact on the developing field of social work and on services for women and children. Under her leadership, the NFCM became an established social service organization that provided a wide spectrum of services to women. The mission initiated activities that many now consider essential services for women and children. Florence Crittenton homes pioneered women-oriented policies in the areas of health care, employment for women, and children's rights. The organization campaigned for equality for women and for recognition of women's needs... Despite differences in class and race with most of their clients, FC volunteers tried to emphasize gender identity..."], "answer": {"text": "The ruler of darkness is called Ptahil (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the accounts?", "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#3", "question": "Can you elaborate on this?", "rewrite": "Can you elaborate on  Mandaeism accounts of the creation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Chaumont, New York  Chaumont ( ) is a village in Jefferson County, New York, in the United States. Its population was 624 at the 2010 census. The village is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, son of Benjamin Franklin's landlord and friend at Passy in France. The village of Chaumont is in the town of Lyme and is northwest of Watertown. In 1750, Ray had bought the Chaumont castle (named from the Old French for \"bald hill\", and built in two periods around 1500) in the Loire Valley of France. (, the village near it is called Chaumont-sur-Loire to distinguish it from the many other Chaumonts in France.) His son, known as James Leray or James Leray Chaumont, travelled to the United States and later settled there. The first European-descended settlement of the village began in 1802, replacing an unsatisfactory site chosen the previous year. The economy of the early village was based on fishing and ship building. In July 1853, the community contained about fifty dwellings, along with other structures. Chaumont was incorporated as a village in 1874, and its historic core was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Chaumont Historic District. The village has twice been proposed to be dissolved into the surrounding town of Lyme. The first dissolution referendum was defeated by a margin of 129\u201372 in March 1999; a second attempt was rejected by a 145\u2013102 margin on November 6, 2012. In addition to the Chaumont Historic District, the Cedar Grove Cemetery, Chaumont Grange Hall and Dairymen's League Building, Chaumont House, Chaumont Railroad Station, George Brothers Building, George House, and Menzo Wheeler House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Courtney Young (librarian) Courtney Young is an American librarian and scholar, who served as the President of the American Library Association for the 2014\u20132015 year. On June 30, 2015, her term as ALA President ended, and she passed the title on to Sari Feldman. Young received a BA in English from The College of Wooster in 1996, and an MLS from Simmons College the following year. She currently serves as University Librarian at Colgate University. Young was previously the Head Librarian and Professor of Women's Studies at Pennsylvania State University, Greater Allegheny campus. Young has previously worked at other campuses of Penn State, as well as at Michigan State University and Ohio State University. Young was a 2011 Library Journal Mover & Shaker \u2013 Change Agent. She was honored for her work to highlight issues of diversity in libraries and academia. Additionally, Young has served as a member for several ALA boards and roundtables, including the ALA Executive Board, New Member's Round Table, ALA Resolutions Committee and the ALA Task Force on Electronic Member Participation. Young was inaugurated as President of the American Library Association at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference in Las Vegas. She served as president until the conclusion of the 2015 ALA Annual Conference in San Francisco, when President-elect Sari Feldman was sworn in as president. During her tenure as President, Young continued her work with ALA's Special Presidential Task Force on Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion. She also supported a new Career Development Facilitator program from ALA's Office for Human Resource Development and Recruitment. Additionally, Young has used her presidency to provide resources to help the ALA bolster its social media presence.", "Chaumont Historic District Chaumont Historic District is a national historic district located at Chaumont in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 33 contributing buildings. District boundaries encompass 23 residences, one commercial building, one fraternal building, one church, and 15 associated outbuildings and objects. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.", "Joseph Francis Barrett Joseph Francis Barrett (1854\u20131918) was an American agricultural supply company executive who was a long-time alumnus leader of Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity, which he co-founded with five others in 1873. Joseph Francis Barrett, commonly known as Frank and later almost exclusively as Joe, was a descendant of the English Barretts who settled in Chelmsford, Massachusetts about 1635. The Fraternity now states his middle name was Francis, although earlier generations of Phi Sigs were taught that it was Franklin. He was born on 7 October 1854 in Barre, Massachusetts at the family farm, the eldest son of William R. and Sarah A. Barrett. Dr. Root, his boyhood friend, and later, a fellow Phi Sig, recalled Barrett's mother as a \"\"most brilliant, witty and charming woman\"\" ( p. 17), socially engaging and thought to be a source of Barrett's own charm. Barrett was educated at Barre High School and Leicester Academy, where he was a standout student. With an impressive mind among his peers, he entered college at Massachusetts Agricultural College, \"Aggie,\" as a sophomore at age seventeen, where he continued to excel. Barrett graduated as the third ranking student in 1875, his senior year, placing behind two other Phi Sigs. Much of Barrett's impact was due to the collegiate activities that indeed defined his life. While at Aggie, Barrett was a member of the Washington Irving Literary Society, a popular pastime among the undergraduates. He was a member of the Gymnastic Association, held the military rank of lieutenant in the College's Battalion, and was an editor of the 1875 version of the college yearbook. His peers honored Barrett by election as president and toastmaster of the class.", "Mandaeans  Mandaeans () are an ethnoreligious group native to the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia and are followers of Mandaeism, a monotheistic Gnostic religion. They were probably the first to practice baptism and are the last surviving Gnostics from antiquity. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before many switched to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian. Mandaic is mainly preserved as a liturgical language. In the aftermath of the Iraq War of 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which used to number 60,000\u201370,000 persons, collapsed; most of the community relocated to nearby Iran, Syria and Jordan, or formed diaspora communities beyond the Middle East. The other community of Iranian Mandaeans has also been dwindling as a result of religious persecution over that decade. There are several indications of the ultimate origin of the Mandaeans. Early religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and \"Yardena\" (Jordan) has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. The Mandaic language is a dialect of southeastern Aramaic and is closely related to the language of the Babylonian Talmud. They formally refer to themselves as \"Nasurai\" (Nasoraeans). A priest holds the title of Rabbi and a place of worship is called a \"Mashkhanna\". According to Mandaean sources such as the Haran Gawaita, the \"Nasurai\" inhabited the areas around Jerusalem and the River Jordan in the 1st century CE. There is archaeological evidence that attests to the Mandaean presence in pre-Islamic Iraq. Some scholars, including Kurt Rudolph, connect the early Mandaeans with the Jewish sect of the Nasoraeans."], "answer": {"text": "When this being emanated, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world.", "answer_start": 1033}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the accounts?", "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What divides them?", "answer": {"text": "The ruler of darkness is called Ptahil (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#4", "question": "Around what time were these theories created?", "rewrite": "Around what time were Mandaeism accounts of the creation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mandaeans  Mandaeans () are an ethnoreligious group native to the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia and are followers of Mandaeism, a monotheistic Gnostic religion. They were probably the first to practice baptism and are the last surviving Gnostics from antiquity. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before many switched to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian. Mandaic is mainly preserved as a liturgical language. In the aftermath of the Iraq War of 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which used to number 60,000\u201370,000 persons, collapsed; most of the community relocated to nearby Iran, Syria and Jordan, or formed diaspora communities beyond the Middle East. The other community of Iranian Mandaeans has also been dwindling as a result of religious persecution over that decade. There are several indications of the ultimate origin of the Mandaeans. Early religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and \"Yardena\" (Jordan) has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. The Mandaic language is a dialect of southeastern Aramaic and is closely related to the language of the Babylonian Talmud. They formally refer to themselves as \"Nasurai\" (Nasoraeans). A priest holds the title of Rabbi and a place of worship is called a \"Mashkhanna\". According to Mandaean sources such as the Haran Gawaita, the \"Nasurai\" inhabited the areas around Jerusalem and the River Jordan in the 1st century CE. There is archaeological evidence that attests to the Mandaean presence in pre-Islamic Iraq. Some scholars, including Kurt Rudolph, connect the early Mandaeans with the Jewish sect of the Nasoraeans.", "Joseph Francis Barrett Joseph Francis Barrett (1854\u20131918) was an American agricultural supply company executive who was a long-time alumnus leader of Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity, which he co-founded with five others in 1873. Joseph Francis Barrett, commonly known as Frank and later almost exclusively as Joe, was a descendant of the English Barretts who settled in Chelmsford, Massachusetts about 1635. The Fraternity now states his middle name was Francis, although earlier generations of Phi Sigs were taught that it was Franklin. He was born on 7 October 1854 in Barre, Massachusetts at the family farm, the eldest son of William R. and Sarah A. Barrett. Dr. Root, his boyhood friend, and later, a fellow Phi Sig, recalled Barrett's mother as a \"\"most brilliant, witty and charming woman\"\" ( p. 17), socially engaging and thought to be a source of Barrett's own charm. Barrett was educated at Barre High School and Leicester Academy, where he was a standout student. With an impressive mind among his peers, he entered college at Massachusetts Agricultural College, \"Aggie,\" as a sophomore at age seventeen, where he continued to excel. Barrett graduated as the third ranking student in 1875, his senior year, placing behind two other Phi Sigs. Much of Barrett's impact was due to the collegiate activities that indeed defined his life. While at Aggie, Barrett was a member of the Washington Irving Literary Society, a popular pastime among the undergraduates. He was a member of the Gymnastic Association, held the military rank of lieutenant in the College's Battalion, and was an editor of the 1875 version of the college yearbook. His peers honored Barrett by election as president and toastmaster of the class.", "Boomerang attack In cryptography, the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David Wagner, who used it to break the COCONUT98 cipher. The boomerang attack has allowed new avenues of attack for many ciphers previously deemed safe from differential cryptanalysis. Refinements on the boomerang attack have been published: the amplified boomerang attack, then the rectangle attack. The boomerang attack is based on differential cryptanalysis. In differential cryptanalysis, an attacker exploits how differences in the input to a cipher (the plaintext) can affect the resultant difference at the output (the ciphertext). A high-probability \"differential\" (that is, an input difference that will produce a likely output difference) is needed that covers all, or nearly all, of the cipher. The boomerang attack allows differentials to be used which cover only part of the cipher. The attack attempts to generate a so-called \"quartet\" structure at a point halfway through the cipher. For this purpose, say that the encryption action, \"E\", of the cipher can be split into two consecutive stages, \"E\" and \"E\", so that \"E(M)\" = \" E\"(\"E\"(M)), where \"M\" is some plaintext message. Suppose we have two differentials for the two stages; say, for \"E\", and The basic attack proceeds as follows: One attack on KASUMI, a block cipher used in 3GPP, is a related-key rectangle attack which breaks the full eight rounds of the cipher faster than exhaustive search (Biham et al., 2005).", "Chaumont Historic District Chaumont Historic District is a national historic district located at Chaumont in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 33 contributing buildings. District boundaries encompass 23 residences, one commercial building, one fraternal building, one church, and 15 associated outbuildings and objects. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.", "Chaumont, New York  Chaumont ( ) is a village in Jefferson County, New York, in the United States. Its population was 624 at the 2010 census. The village is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, son of Benjamin Franklin's landlord and friend at Passy in France. The village of Chaumont is in the town of Lyme and is northwest of Watertown. In 1750, Ray had bought the Chaumont castle (named from the Old French for \"bald hill\", and built in two periods around 1500) in the Loire Valley of France. (, the village near it is called Chaumont-sur-Loire to distinguish it from the many other Chaumonts in France.) His son, known as James Leray or James Leray Chaumont, travelled to the United States and later settled there. The first European-descended settlement of the village began in 1802, replacing an unsatisfactory site chosen the previous year. The economy of the early village was based on fishing and ship building. In July 1853, the community contained about fifty dwellings, along with other structures. Chaumont was incorporated as a village in 1874, and its historic core was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Chaumont Historic District. The village has twice been proposed to be dissolved into the surrounding town of Lyme. The first dissolution referendum was defeated by a margin of 129\u201372 in March 1999; a second attempt was rejected by a 145\u2013102 margin on November 6, 2012. In addition to the Chaumont Historic District, the Cedar Grove Cemetery, Chaumont Grange Hall and Dairymen's League Building, Chaumont House, Chaumont Railroad Station, George Brothers Building, George House, and Menzo Wheeler House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the accounts?", "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What divides them?", "answer": {"text": "The ruler of darkness is called Ptahil (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you elaborate on this?", "answer": {"text": "When this being emanated, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world.", "answer_start": 1033, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article about Mandaeism besides the Mandaeism accounts of the creation ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Chaumont, New York  Chaumont ( ) is a village in Jefferson County, New York, in the United States. Its population was 624 at the 2010 census. The village is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, son of Benjamin Franklin's landlord and friend at Passy in France. The village of Chaumont is in the town of Lyme and is northwest of Watertown. In 1750, Ray had bought the Chaumont castle (named from the Old French for \"bald hill\", and built in two periods around 1500) in the Loire Valley of France. (, the village near it is called Chaumont-sur-Loire to distinguish it from the many other Chaumonts in France.) His son, known as James Leray or James Leray Chaumont, travelled to the United States and later settled there. The first European-descended settlement of the village began in 1802, replacing an unsatisfactory site chosen the previous year. The economy of the early village was based on fishing and ship building. In July 1853, the community contained about fifty dwellings, along with other structures. Chaumont was incorporated as a village in 1874, and its historic core was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Chaumont Historic District. The village has twice been proposed to be dissolved into the surrounding town of Lyme. The first dissolution referendum was defeated by a margin of 129\u201372 in March 1999; a second attempt was rejected by a 145\u2013102 margin on November 6, 2012. In addition to the Chaumont Historic District, the Cedar Grove Cemetery, Chaumont Grange Hall and Dairymen's League Building, Chaumont House, Chaumont Railroad Station, George Brothers Building, George House, and Menzo Wheeler House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Out of the three major Abrahamic faiths, Christianity and Judaism are the two religions that diverge the most in theology and practice. The historical interaction of Islam and Judaism started in the 7th century CE with the origin and spread of Islam. There are many common aspects between Islam and Judaism, and as Islam developed, it gradually became the major religion closest to Judaism. As opposed to Christianity, which originated from interaction between ancient Greek, Roman, and Hebrew cultures, Judaism is very similar to Islam in its fundamental religious outlook, structure, jurisprudence and practice. There are many traditions within Islam originating from traditions within the Hebrew Bible or from post-biblical Jewish traditions. These practices are known collectively as the \"Isra'iliyat\". The historical interaction between Christianity and Islam connects fundamental ideas in Christianity with similar ones in Islam. Islam accepts many aspects of Christianity as part of its faithwith some differences in interpretationand rejects other aspects. Islam believes the Qur'an is the final revelation from God and a completion of all previous revelations, including the Bible. Several important religions and religious movements originated in Greater Iran, that is, among speakers of various Iranian languages. They include Mithraism, \u00c6ts\u00e6g Din, Yazdanism, Ahl-e Haqq, Zurvanism, Mandaeism, Manichaeism, and Mazdakism. In comparative religion, Indian religions consists of all the religions that originated in South Asia. Most scholars believe that Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world with origins perhaps as far back as to the prehistoric times, or 5000 years. So \"the kinship of the religions of India stems from the fact that Jains, Buddhists and Sikhs look back to Hinduism as their common mother.\" Adi Shankaracharya was an early 8th century philosopher and theologian who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.", "Mandaeans  Mandaeans () are an ethnoreligious group native to the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia and are followers of Mandaeism, a monotheistic Gnostic religion. They were probably the first to practice baptism and are the last surviving Gnostics from antiquity. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before many switched to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian. Mandaic is mainly preserved as a liturgical language. In the aftermath of the Iraq War of 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which used to number 60,000\u201370,000 persons, collapsed; most of the community relocated to nearby Iran, Syria and Jordan, or formed diaspora communities beyond the Middle East. The other community of Iranian Mandaeans has also been dwindling as a result of religious persecution over that decade. There are several indications of the ultimate origin of the Mandaeans. Early religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and \"Yardena\" (Jordan) has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. The Mandaic language is a dialect of southeastern Aramaic and is closely related to the language of the Babylonian Talmud. They formally refer to themselves as \"Nasurai\" (Nasoraeans). A priest holds the title of Rabbi and a place of worship is called a \"Mashkhanna\". According to Mandaean sources such as the Haran Gawaita, the \"Nasurai\" inhabited the areas around Jerusalem and the River Jordan in the 1st century CE. There is archaeological evidence that attests to the Mandaean presence in pre-Islamic Iraq. Some scholars, including Kurt Rudolph, connect the early Mandaeans with the Jewish sect of the Nasoraeans.", "Mediated by scribes that had been trained in the language, highly standardized \"written\" Aramaic (in its Achaemenid form called Imperial Aramaic) progressively also become the \"lingua franca\" of trade and commerce throughout the Achaemenid territories, which extended as far east as the Indus valley. (That use of \"written\" Aramaic subsequently led to the adoption of the Aramaic alphabet and\u2014as logograms\u2014some Aramaic vocabulary in the Pahlavi scripts, which were used by several Middle Iranian languages, including Parthian, Middle Persian, Sogdian, and Khwarazmian). Aramaic's long history and diverse and widespread use has led to the development of many divergent varieties, which are sometimes considered dialects, though they have become distinct enough over time that they are now sometimes considered as separate languages. Therefore, there is not one singular, static Aramaic language; each time and place rather has had its own variation. The more widely spoken Eastern Aramaic and Mandaic forms are today largely restricted to northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey, whilst the severely endangered Western Neo-Aramaic is spoken by small communities in southwestern Syria. Certain dialects of Aramaic are also retained as a sacred language by certain religious communities. One of those liturgical dialects is Mandaic, which besides being a living variant of Aramaic is also the liturgical language of Mandaeism. Significantly more widespread is Syriac, the liturgical language of Syriac Christianity, in particular the Assyrian Church of the East, the Chaldean Catholic Church, the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Assyrian Pentecostal Church, Assyrian Evangelical Church, Ancient Church of the East, Syriac Catholic Church, the Maronite Church, and the Saint Thomas Christian denominations of India. Syriac was also the liturgical language of several now-extinct gnostic faiths, such as Manichaeism.", "Chaumont Historic District Chaumont Historic District is a national historic district located at Chaumont in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 33 contributing buildings. District boundaries encompass 23 residences, one commercial building, one fraternal building, one church, and 15 associated outbuildings and objects. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990."], "answer": {"text": "The name Ptahil is suggestive of the Egyptian Ptah--the Mandaeans believe that they were resident in Egypt for a while--joined to the semitic El, meaning \"god\".", "answer_start": 1164}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the accounts?", "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What divides them?", "answer": {"text": "The ruler of darkness is called Ptahil (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you elaborate on this?", "answer": {"text": "When this being emanated, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world.", "answer_start": 1033, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Around what time were these theories created?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#6", "question": "Why do they believe that?", "rewrite": "Why do the Mandaeism  believe that hey were resident in Egypt for a while ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mandaeans  Mandaeans () are an ethnoreligious group native to the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia and are followers of Mandaeism, a monotheistic Gnostic religion. They were probably the first to practice baptism and are the last surviving Gnostics from antiquity. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before many switched to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian. Mandaic is mainly preserved as a liturgical language. In the aftermath of the Iraq War of 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which used to number 60,000\u201370,000 persons, collapsed; most of the community relocated to nearby Iran, Syria and Jordan, or formed diaspora communities beyond the Middle East. The other community of Iranian Mandaeans has also been dwindling as a result of religious persecution over that decade. There are several indications of the ultimate origin of the Mandaeans. Early religious concepts and terminologies recur in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and \"Yardena\" (Jordan) has been the name of every baptismal water in Mandaeism. The Mandaic language is a dialect of southeastern Aramaic and is closely related to the language of the Babylonian Talmud. They formally refer to themselves as \"Nasurai\" (Nasoraeans). A priest holds the title of Rabbi and a place of worship is called a \"Mashkhanna\". According to Mandaean sources such as the Haran Gawaita, the \"Nasurai\" inhabited the areas around Jerusalem and the River Jordan in the 1st century CE. There is archaeological evidence that attests to the Mandaean presence in pre-Islamic Iraq. Some scholars, including Kurt Rudolph, connect the early Mandaeans with the Jewish sect of the Nasoraeans.", "Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey! The song \"Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey\", also known as \"Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey! (Goin' Back to Birmingham)\", was written by Little Richard and recorded in May 9, 1956 at J&M Studio, New Orleans, Louisiana (supervised by Bumps Blackwell). In 1955, Little Richard recorded two different versions of \"Kansas City\" by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller: one on September, 13 (supervised by Bumps Blackwell), and one on November, 29 (with five vocalists, supervised by Art Rupe). The first version, which adheres closely to the original 1952 recording by Little Willie Littlefield for the first two verses, was not released until November 1970, on the compilation album \" Well Alright! \" The second version, which had been substantially re-worked by Little Richard (in particular, it featured a new refrain starting with words, \"Hey, hey, hey, hey; Hey baby, hey child, hey now\") was released in March 1959 on \"The Fabulous Little Richard\" and in April 1959 as single after the success of the Wilbert Harrison hit. \" Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey\" was recorded six months after the second version of \"Kansas City\", incorporating the same refrain. However, as \"Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey\" was released in 1958\u2014with the writing credited solely to Richard Wayne Penniman (Little Richard)\u2014the public perceived it as an earlier recording than \"Kansas City\". In 1964, The Beatles released the albums \"Beatles for Sale\" (in the UK) and \"Beatles VI\" (in the US) featuring an arrangement of \"Kansas City\" based on the issued Little Richard version.", "Hey Hey Hey  \"Hey Hey Hey\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her fifth studio album \"Witness\" (2017). It was sent to Italian contemporary hit radio stations on January 12, 2018 by Universal Music Group as the album's fifth single. The song was written by Perry, Sia Furler, Sarah Hudson, Max Martin and Ali Payami, while production was handled by Martin and Payami. \" Hey Hey Hey\" is a rock and electronica-influenced, dark dream pop and electropop track about female empowerment. Reviewers speculated that the song was also about the 2016 United States presidential election nominees Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Music critics gave mixed reviews of \" Hey Hey Hey\", with some praising it as one of the highlights of \"Witness\", while others deemed it mediocre and called it a failed attempt at duplicating the success of Perry's older hits. It was also compared to the works of American singer Britney Spears and New Zealand recording artist Lorde. To accompany the track, a music video was uploaded onto Perry's official YouTube account on December 20, 2017. The clip was filmed by Isaac Rentz in Beverly Hills, California and is set in the 18th century and the Ancien R\u00e9gime, with the singer's outfits resembling those of the last Queen of France Marie Antoinette and French heroine Joan of Arc. For further promotion, Perry gave several live performances of \"Hey Hey Hey\", including those during her concert tour (2017\u20132018) and her four-day YouTube live stream (2017). Commercially, the song appeared on charts in Czech Republic, New Zealand and Sweden. \"Hey Hey Hey\" was recorded at MXM Studios in Los Angeles, California, and at Wolf Cousins Studios in Stockholm, Sweden.", "Chaumont, New York  Chaumont ( ) is a village in Jefferson County, New York, in the United States. Its population was 624 at the 2010 census. The village is named for Jacques-Donatien Le Ray de Chaumont, son of Benjamin Franklin's landlord and friend at Passy in France. The village of Chaumont is in the town of Lyme and is northwest of Watertown. In 1750, Ray had bought the Chaumont castle (named from the Old French for \"bald hill\", and built in two periods around 1500) in the Loire Valley of France. (, the village near it is called Chaumont-sur-Loire to distinguish it from the many other Chaumonts in France.) His son, known as James Leray or James Leray Chaumont, travelled to the United States and later settled there. The first European-descended settlement of the village began in 1802, replacing an unsatisfactory site chosen the previous year. The economy of the early village was based on fishing and ship building. In July 1853, the community contained about fifty dwellings, along with other structures. Chaumont was incorporated as a village in 1874, and its historic core was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as the Chaumont Historic District. The village has twice been proposed to be dissolved into the surrounding town of Lyme. The first dissolution referendum was defeated by a margin of 129\u201372 in March 1999; a second attempt was rejected by a 145\u2013102 margin on November 6, 2012. In addition to the Chaumont Historic District, the Cedar Grove Cemetery, Chaumont Grange Hall and Dairymen's League Building, Chaumont House, Chaumont Railroad Station, George Brothers Building, George House, and Menzo Wheeler House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "Chaumont Historic District Chaumont Historic District is a national historic district located at Chaumont in Jefferson County, New York. The district includes 33 contributing buildings. District boundaries encompass 23 residences, one commercial building, one fraternal building, one church, and 15 associated outbuildings and objects. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the accounts?", "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What divides them?", "answer": {"text": "The ruler of darkness is called Ptahil (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you elaborate on this?", "answer": {"text": "When this being emanated, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world.", "answer_start": 1033, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Around what time were these theories created?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The name Ptahil is suggestive of the Egyptian Ptah--the Mandaeans believe that they were resident in Egypt for a while--joined to the semitic El, meaning \"god\".", "answer_start": 1164, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#7", "question": "How did cosmology effect the way they lived?", "rewrite": "How did cosmology effect the way the Mandaeism believers lived?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Senior Secondary School, Godavaribai Ramdev Podar Senior Secondary School, Gautam Balika Senior Secondary School, Shekhawati Public School, Dundlod Vidyapeeth, Dundlod and Dundlod Public school (in Dundlod), Mother Teresa Senior Secondary School, Vidhya Bharti Shikshan Sansthan are few names in the list. Nawalgarh also has a science park that has a planetarium and galleries showcasing dinosaur models, nuclear science and fun science for students. Nawalgarh is connected through broad gauge railway line and situated on the Sikar-Loharu railway line section. The broad gauge section passes through the western corner of the city where the main city railway station situated. Now the city has direct connectivity through broad gauge line section to Delhi via Loharu and to Jaipur via Sikar and Ringus. Nawalgarh city starts from Ghoomchakkar on the state highway 8. Recently Nawalgarh got its own bus depot which is situated on the north-west side of the city along with state highway 8. State Highway-8 passes through center of city which connects city to Sikar and Jhunjhunu. Buses for all the major cities of Rajasthan like Jaipur, Ajmer, Kota, Bikaner, Jodhpur and Delhi and other cities also operated from here. All the buses operated from Sikar and Jhunjhunu depot passes through Nawalgarh as well as other depot buses also passes through Nawalgarh. Another important addition to the list is the Roadways Bus Terminal in the Memory of Late Sh. Radheshyam R Morarka, in Nawalgarh, which was inaugurated on 21 April 2011 by Rajasthan Minister of Transport and Sanskrit Education, Sh.", "Its location in Cumberland County, Maine, made it the most northern and eastern of all the Shaker communes. They raised their meetinghouse in April 1794 and built their first dwelling across the road in 1795. The Sabbathday Lake community grew to a size of with 26 large buildings by 1850. Buildings on the grounds included the meetinghouse, the Brethren's Shop which still holds a working blacksmith shop and woodworking operation. A large new Central Dwelling House was built in 1883 or 1884. The Shakers strived to be as self-sufficient as possible, while being an active part of the community. They built a mill and farm that enabled them to sell produce and commercial goods to the outside world. By 1800, more than 140 believers lived at Sabbathday Lake community. By 1850, seventy Shakers lived in the Sabbathday Lake Church Family at New Gloucester. The 1880 census listed 43 believers at Sabbathday Lake. Membership hovered at about that point until the 1930s, when only about thirty members remained. In 1957, after \"months of prayer,\" Eldresses Gertrude, Emma, and Ida, the leaders of the United Society of Believers and members of Canterbury Shaker Village, voted to close the Shaker Covenant, the document which all new members need to sign to become members of the Shakers. In 1988, speaking about the three men and women in their 20s and 30s who had joined the Shakers and were living in the Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village, Eldress Bertha Lindsay said, \"To become a Shaker you have to sign a legal document taking the necessary vows and that document, the official covenant, is locked up in our safe. Membership is closed forever.\" However, a covenant is a contract with reciprocal obligations.", "Dundlod Dundlod is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. It is situated in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. Best known for its fort and havelis, it extends between latitude 28\u00b0.06\u2019 in the north and longitude 75\u00b0.20\u2019 in the east. It is located about seven kilometers north of Nawalgarh in the center of the Shekhawati region. Dundlod is located at . It has an average elevation of 354 metres (1164 feet). Dundlod is a famous for education in near villages and many students come from the different cities of Rajasthan to study.", "Al-Kahf  Al-Kahf (, \"The Cave\") is the 18th chapter (s\u016brah) of the Quran with 110 verses (\u0101y\u0101t). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (\"asb\u0101b al-nuz\u016bl\"), it is an earlier \"Meccan surah\", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, instead of later in Medina. Verses 9\u201326 of the chapter retells the Christian folktale of the \"People of the Cave\". A few young believers lived in a time when they were tortured for their beliefs. Upon the guidance of God, they fled the city where believers were persecuted, together with their dog, and took refuge in a cave where they fell asleep. When they awoke they found that the people of the city had become believers. In verses 32\u201344 the surah discusses a parable of two men, one of whom had been given blessings from God and the other poor. The rich one wronged his soul and started showing off with his wealth and noble lineage. At the end of the parable God destroys what he had given the man. The third main story within the chapter (verses 60\u201382) is that of Musa (Moses) traveling to gain knowledge from another servant of God who is never mentioned by name, in tafsir of ibn Kathir he is called Al-Khidr. Finally, the surah mentions in verses 83\u201398 a man who traveled a great deal and reached the east and the west of the earth \u2013 namely, Dhul-Qarnayn. The Qur'an repeats the Syrian legend of a great king who helps a tribe of people build a massive wall of iron between two mountains. It goes on to say that this wall will be only destroyed on Judgement Day.", "Dundlod Mukundgarh railway station Dundlod Mukundgarh railway station is a railway station in Jhunjhunu district, Rajasthan. Its code is DOB. It serves Dundlod and Mukundgarh town. The station consists of 2 platforms. Passenger, Express trains halt here. The following trains halt at Dundlod Mukundgarh railway station in both directions:"], "answer": {"text": "Some scholars, such as Edmondo Lupieri, maintain that comparison of these different accounts may reveal the diverse religious influences upon which the Mandaeans have drawn", "answer_start": 169}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the accounts?", "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What divides them?", "answer": {"text": "The ruler of darkness is called Ptahil (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you elaborate on this?", "answer": {"text": "When this being emanated, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world.", "answer_start": 1033, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Around what time were these theories created?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The name Ptahil is suggestive of the Egyptian Ptah--the Mandaeans believe that they were resident in Egypt for a while--joined to the semitic El, meaning \"god\".", "answer_start": 1164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why do they believe that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_13e7bbff26bb47448571798c59997346_1_q#8", "question": "Is this a positive thing?", "rewrite": "Is the different Mandaeism creation accounts a positive thing?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fon creation myth The Fon creation myth is the traditional creation story of the Fon peoples of West Africa. Various versions of the creation story are told. In most the creator is either Mawu, the moon being and mother of all the gods and humanity, or Mawu-Lisa, the sun/moon being who is both male and female. In others, Nana Buluku is the ultimate creator, an androgynous deity who gave birth to the female Mawu and the male Lisa and passed the power over creation to them. Many of the creation accounts tell of Mawu creating everything as she was carried from place to place on the back or in the mouth of Aido Hwedo, the rainbow serpent. The earth was created first, its curves, slopes and rises shaped by the winding, snaking motions of Aido Hwedo. Mountains formed from Aido Hwedo's excrement wherever they stopped to rest, leaving precious minerals inside. When Mawu finished, all of the mountains, trees, elephants and other creations left world too heavy, so she asked Aido Hwedo to coil, to encircle the earth and rest underneath to support its weight. Aido Hwedo holds his own tail in his mouth to hold fast to the earth, and rests in the cool of the seas which Mawu made for him to protect him from the heat. Mawu's son, Agbe, now commands them. Whenever Aido Hwedo shifts or readjusts his position, he causes an earthquake or tidal wave.", "Thus the evidence for macroevolution is claimed to be false, but microevolution is accepted as a genetic parameter designed by the Creator into the fabric of genetics to allow for environmental adaptations and survival. Generally, it is viewed by proponents as a middle ground between literal creationism and evolution. Theistic evolution regards religious teachings about God as compatible with modern scientific understanding about biological evolution. Theistic evolution is not in itself a scientific theory, but a range of views about how the science of general evolution relates to religious beliefs in contrast to special creation views. Supporters of theistic evolution generally harmonize evolutionary thought with belief in God, rejecting the conflict thesis regarding the relationship between religion and science they hold that religious teachings about creation and scientific theories of evolution need not contradict each other. Evolutionary creationism, or theistic evolution, asserts that \"the personal God of the Bible created the universe and life through evolutionary processes.\" According to the American Scientific Affiliation:  Old Earth Christian creationists may approach the creation accounts of Genesis in a number of different ways. The framework interpretation (or framework hypothesis) notes that there is a pattern or \"framework\" present in the Genesis account and that, because of this, the account may not have been intended as a strict chronological record of creation. Instead, the creative events may be presented in a topical order. This view is broad enough that proponents of other old earth views (such as many Day-Age creationists) have no problem with many of the key points put forward by the hypothesis, though they might believe that there \"is\" a certain degree of chronology present. Day-age creationism is an effort to reconcile the literal Genesis account of creation with modern scientific theories on the age of the universe, the Earth, life, and humans.", "Alexander Heidel  Alexander Heidel (1907\u20131955) was an Assyriologist and biblical scholar, and a Member of the Research Staff of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. \"Babylonian Genesis\" is a translation and commentary on the Babylonian epic known as Enuma Elish (the first two words of the text, translated as \"When on high...\"). On its publication it was reviewed in the \"Journal of the American Oriental Society\" as \"a sober and lucid translation of the epic in the most completely restored form available to date. \" The University of Chicago Press published the first edition in 1942 and the second edition in 1951. The book remains in print. The book consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 outlines the discovery of the Enuma Elish, its purpose, date, source and structure, followed by a literal translation; chapter 2 gives translations of the other Babylonian and Mesopotamian creation accounts as known at the time; chapter 3 treats the accounts of Babylonian creation stories preserved in Classical texts (Berossus and Damascius); and chapter 4 compares the Babylonian creation stories with those contained in Genesis. Heidel aimed his book not at other Assyriologists but at biblical scholars and Christian ministers, and it should be regarded as a work of Christian apologetics rather than as a contribution to Heidel's own field of Assyriology. Many of his arguments stressing the uniqueness of the Genesis creation story have been overturned by later scholarship, but at the time of its publication the book was a milestone in introducing the wider public to the parallels between Mesopotamian and Hebrew mythology. Heidel's book on the Gilgamesh flood myth is a comparison of the Mesopotamian epic with the biblical account of Noah's Ark and the biblical deluge.", "The sun was also closely associated with creation, and it was said to have first risen from the mound, as the general sun-god Ra or as the god Khepri, who represented the newly-risen sun. There were many versions of the sun's emergence, and it was said to have emerged directly from the mound or from a lotus flower that grew from the mound, in the form of a heron, falcon, scarab beetle, or human child. Another common element of Egyptian cosmogonies is the familiar figure of the cosmic egg, a substitute for the primeval waters or the primeval mound. One variant of the cosmic egg version teaches that the sun god, as primeval power, emerged from the primeval mound, which itself stood in the chaos of the primeval sea. The different creation accounts were each associated with the cult of a particular god in one of the major cities of Egypt: Hermopolis, Heliopolis, Memphis, and Thebes. To some degree, these myths represent competing theologies, but they also represent different aspects of the process of creation. The creation myth promulgated in the city of Hermopolis focused on the nature of the universe before the creation of the world. The inherent qualities of the primeval waters were represented by a set of eight gods, called the Ogdoad. The god Nu and his female counterpart Naunet represented the inert primeval water itself; Huh and his counterpart Hauhet represented the water's infinite extent; Kek and Kauket personified the darkness present within it; and Amun and Amaunet represented its hidden and unknowable nature, in contrast to the tangible world of the living. The primeval waters were themselves part of the creation process, therefore, the deities representing them could be seen as creator gods.", "Theistic evolutionists argue that it is inappropriate to use Genesis as a scientific text, since it was written in a pre-scientific age and originally intended for religious instruction; as such, seemingly chronological aspects of the creation accounts should be thought of in terms of a literary framework. Theistic evolutionists may believe that creation is not literally a week-long process but a process beginning in the time of Genesis and continuing through all of time, including today. This view affirms that God created the world and was the primary causation of our being, while scientific changes such as evolution are part of \"creatio continua\" or continuing creation which is still occurring in the never ending process of creation. This is one possible way of interpreting biblical scriptures, such as Genesis, that seem otherwise to be in opposition to scientific theories, such as evolution. Many religious organizations accept evolutionary theory, though their related theological interpretations vary. Additionally, individuals or movements within such organizations may not accept evolution, and stances on evolution may have adapted (or evolved) throughout history. There is considerable variance in overall acceptance of evolution between different countries, with studies showing that acceptance of evolution is lower in the United States than in Europe or Japan (only Turkey had a lower rate in the 34 countries sampled), and attitudes within religious groups may differ somewhat between counties. In the Bah\u00e1'\u00ed Faith, `Abdul-Bah\u00e1, the son of the founder of the religion, wrote about the origin of life. A fundamental part of `Abdul-Bah\u00e1's teachings on evolution is the belief that all life came from the same origin: \"the origin of all material life is one...\" He states that from this sole origin, the complete diversity of life was generated: \"Consider the world of created beings, how varied and diverse they are in species, yet with one sole origin"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Mandaeism's relationship with Cosmology?", "answer": {"text": "There is no one single authoritative account of the creation of the cosmos, but rather a series of several accounts.", "answer_start": 52, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of the accounts?", "answer": {"text": "In these texts, instead of a large pleroma, there is a discrete division between light and darkness.", "answer_start": 704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What divides them?", "answer": {"text": "The ruler of darkness is called Ptahil (similar to the Gnostic Demiurge), and the originator of the light", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you elaborate on this?", "answer": {"text": "When this being emanated, other spiritual beings became increasingly corrupted, and they and their ruler Ptahil created our world.", "answer_start": 1033, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Around what time were these theories created?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The name Ptahil is suggestive of the Egyptian Ptah--the Mandaeans believe that they were resident in Egypt for a while--joined to the semitic El, meaning \"god\".", "answer_start": 1164, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why do they believe that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did cosmology effect the way they lived?", "answer": {"text": "Some scholars, such as Edmondo Lupieri, maintain that comparison of these different accounts may reveal the diverse religious influences upon which the Mandaeans have drawn", "answer_start": 169, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65871370da554ea89ac79105bcc5beaf_0_q#0", "question": "What is one of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "rewrite": "What is one of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Synagogues in Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan, there are three main Jewish communities - mountain Jews, Ashkenazi Jews and communities of Georgian Jews. The total number of Jews in the country is 16,000. Of these, 11,000 are mountain Jews, about 6,000 in Baku, 4,000 in Guba and thousands in other cities. Ashkenazi Jews are 4.3 thousand people. Most of them live in Baku and Sumgayit. The Georgian Jews are about 700. Q.Zelmanovich said that there are 10 synagogues in Azerbaijan. Two of the synagogues are located in Baku, six of them in Guba and two of them in Oguz: \"Synagogues have been built mainly in areas where Jews live. One of the synagogues in Baku was built in 2003 and another in 2012. Jews living in Azerbaijan, every day worship in the synagogue, celebrate their festivals, hold mourning ceremonies.\" The building of the Mountain Jews Synagogue in Baku has been functioning since 1945. During the Soviet era, after the end of the Second World War, mountain Jews were given an ancient building for religious needs in the center of the city. The condition of the building was very damaging, and those who worshiped here were suffering from unpleasantness. This situation continued until Azerbaijan gained independence. During the period of independence, repair and restoration works were started, the second floor of the synagogue was built, and favorable conditions were created for worshipers. In connection with the reconstruction and capital rehabilitation works carried out, there was a need for a new synagogue for Mountain Jews and has been functioning in Baku in 2010. The opening ceremony of the new temple for the Mountain Jews was held on April 5, 2011.", "Rooms were illuminated by lamps or by a skylight through an opening in the roof. House furniture consisted of low couches, carpeted floors and mattresses. Fireplaces, braziers and ovens were used for heating the home in winter and cooking year round. The property usually has a walled or fenced in yard and almost always has a garden. There is a veranda (\"ayvan\"), a paved drain or a small basin (\"tendir\"), covered cattle-pan, stable and hen-house. Originally the Persians were Zoroastrians. After they had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, Islam became widespread. Today the Tats are mainly Shia Muslims, with a sizeable minority of Sunni Muslims and Jews. The Tat language was widely spread in Eastern South Caucasus. Up to the 20th century it was also used by non-Muslim groups: Mountain Jews, part of the Armenians and the Udins. This has led some to the idea that Muslim Tats, Tat-speaking Mountain Jews and Tat-speaking Christian Armenians are one nation, practicing three different religions. The \"Mountain Jews\" belong to the community of Persian-speaking Jews. Some groups of this community live in Iran, Israel (especially), North America (especially), Europe, and Central Asia (Bukharan Jews). The Jews of Central Asia were classified \"Mountain Jews\" only in 19th-century official Russian documentation. The Mountain Jews call themselves \"Juhuro\". In the year 1888 A. Sh. Anisimov showed the closeness of language of the Mountain Jews and the Tats. In his work \"Caucasian Jews-Mountaineers\" he came to the conclusion that the Mountain Jews were representatives of the Iranian family of the Tats, which had adopted Judaism in Iran and later moved to South Caucasus.", "World Congress of Mountain Jews World Congress of Mountain Jews (WCMJ) \u2013 is an active international non governmental organization, that provide new opportunities to the Mountain Jews, which because of different circumstances and events are spread worldwide, in order to join the efforts for further development of the traditions and cultural values, cooperation with the international society and for the official representation of the interests of the own nation in the governmental and social bodies.<ref name=\"Minyan.ru/rus/9/01.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> WCMJ brings together the mountain Jews of Israel, United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Azerbaijan, Germany, Austria, Georgia, Kazakhstan and of the other countries, where the mountain Jews communities are existing. Since 2017, the WCMJ has a separated consulting statute at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The last time it was talked about the mountain Jews in the recent past in 1927, during the work of the All-Union Conference on cultural construction among the mountain Jews-Tats of the USSR. His chair was Nadezhda Krupskaya.<ref name=\"Ng.ru/ ng_religii/2003-02-19/2_jews.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> In 1996, the well known Moscow philanthropist Tair Ghilalovich Gurshumov<ref name=\"Inopressa.ru/pwa/article/10apr2012/nzz/gilalov.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> (Blessed memory) established the foundation for the preservation and development of the mountain-Jewish culture and laid the first stone for the construction of a synagogue in Tirat-Carmel, Israel.", "The ideas of Anisimov were supported during the Soviet period: the popularization of the idea of the Mountain Jews' Tat origin started in the 1930s. Through efforts of several Mountain Jews, closely connected with the regime, the idea of mountain Jews being not really Jews at all but judaized Tats became widely spread. Some Mountain Jews started to register themselves as Tats because of secret pressure from the authorities. As a result of this the words Tat and Mountain Jew became almost synonymous. The term \"Tat\" was used in research literature as the second or even first name for Mountain Jews. This caused the whole cultural heritage (literature, theatre, music) created by Mountain Jews during the Soviet period to be attributed to the Tats. Comparing physic-anthropological characteristics of Tats and Mountain Jews together with information about their languages suggests no signs of ethnic unity between these two nations. Like most \"Jewish\" languages, the grammatical structure of Juhuri retains archaic features of the language it is derived from. At the same time all of these languages are satiated with Hebrew words. The loanwords from Aramaic and Hebrew in Juhuri include words not directly connected with Judaic rituals (e.g. \"zoft\" resin, \"nokumi\" envy, \"ghuf\" body, \"keton\" linen, etc.) Some syntactical features of Juhuri have are ones typical for Hebrew. The physical-anthropological types of Tats and Mountain Jews are also dissimilar. In 1913 the anthropologist K.M. Kurdov carried out measurements of a large group of Tat population of Lahij village and revealed fundamental differences of their physical-anthropological type from the Mountain Jews. Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers.", "Mountain Jews in Israel Mountain Jews in Israel, also known as the Juhurim, refers to immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Mountain Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. Even before the advent of Zionism, the Juhurim had a desire to return to Zion, which many did in the 1840s and 1850s. Mountain Jews were among the first to make Aliyah, with some immigrating independent of the Zionist movement, while others came inspired by it. They were represented at the Zionist congresses and the first Mountain Jewish settlers in Ottoman Syria established the modern Israeli town of Be'er Ya'akov in 1907. In the early 1920s, Baku became one of the centres of the Jewish national movement, and Zionist newspapers were published in Juhuri. The Mountain Jews living in the Soviet Union celebrated the creation of the State of Israel loudly and proudly, which led to repression by Soviet authorities. Many were arrested and imprisoned for engaging in \"anti-Soviet propaganda. \" The Six-Day War resulted in an eruption of Jewish patriotism among Mountain Jews, although the broader Zionist awakening didn't take place until the early 1970s. It was then when over 10,000 Mountain Jews (about a quarter of the population) emigrated to Israel. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, thousands of Mountain Jews moved to Israel. During the First Chechen War, some left due to the violence. Despite the usual close relations between Jews and Chechens, many were kidnapped by Chechen gangs who ransomed their freedom to \"the international Jewish community.\""], "answer": {"text": "Originally, only boys were educated through synagogue schools.", "answer_start": 764}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_65871370da554ea89ac79105bcc5beaf_0_q#1", "question": "what was the language", "rewrite": "What was the language of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mountain Jews in Israel Mountain Jews in Israel, also known as the Juhurim, refers to immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Mountain Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. Even before the advent of Zionism, the Juhurim had a desire to return to Zion, which many did in the 1840s and 1850s. Mountain Jews were among the first to make Aliyah, with some immigrating independent of the Zionist movement, while others came inspired by it. They were represented at the Zionist congresses and the first Mountain Jewish settlers in Ottoman Syria established the modern Israeli town of Be'er Ya'akov in 1907. In the early 1920s, Baku became one of the centres of the Jewish national movement, and Zionist newspapers were published in Juhuri. The Mountain Jews living in the Soviet Union celebrated the creation of the State of Israel loudly and proudly, which led to repression by Soviet authorities. Many were arrested and imprisoned for engaging in \"anti-Soviet propaganda. \" The Six-Day War resulted in an eruption of Jewish patriotism among Mountain Jews, although the broader Zionist awakening didn't take place until the early 1970s. It was then when over 10,000 Mountain Jews (about a quarter of the population) emigrated to Israel. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, thousands of Mountain Jews moved to Israel. During the First Chechen War, some left due to the violence. Despite the usual close relations between Jews and Chechens, many were kidnapped by Chechen gangs who ransomed their freedom to \"the international Jewish community.\"", "World Congress of Mountain Jews World Congress of Mountain Jews (WCMJ) \u2013 is an active international non governmental organization, that provide new opportunities to the Mountain Jews, which because of different circumstances and events are spread worldwide, in order to join the efforts for further development of the traditions and cultural values, cooperation with the international society and for the official representation of the interests of the own nation in the governmental and social bodies.<ref name=\"Minyan.ru/rus/9/01.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> WCMJ brings together the mountain Jews of Israel, United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Azerbaijan, Germany, Austria, Georgia, Kazakhstan and of the other countries, where the mountain Jews communities are existing. Since 2017, the WCMJ has a separated consulting statute at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The last time it was talked about the mountain Jews in the recent past in 1927, during the work of the All-Union Conference on cultural construction among the mountain Jews-Tats of the USSR. His chair was Nadezhda Krupskaya.<ref name=\"Ng.ru/ ng_religii/2003-02-19/2_jews.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> In 1996, the well known Moscow philanthropist Tair Ghilalovich Gurshumov<ref name=\"Inopressa.ru/pwa/article/10apr2012/nzz/gilalov.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> (Blessed memory) established the foundation for the preservation and development of the mountain-Jewish culture and laid the first stone for the construction of a synagogue in Tirat-Carmel, Israel.", "Synagogues in Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan, there are three main Jewish communities - mountain Jews, Ashkenazi Jews and communities of Georgian Jews. The total number of Jews in the country is 16,000. Of these, 11,000 are mountain Jews, about 6,000 in Baku, 4,000 in Guba and thousands in other cities. Ashkenazi Jews are 4.3 thousand people. Most of them live in Baku and Sumgayit. The Georgian Jews are about 700. Q.Zelmanovich said that there are 10 synagogues in Azerbaijan. Two of the synagogues are located in Baku, six of them in Guba and two of them in Oguz: \"Synagogues have been built mainly in areas where Jews live. One of the synagogues in Baku was built in 2003 and another in 2012. Jews living in Azerbaijan, every day worship in the synagogue, celebrate their festivals, hold mourning ceremonies.\" The building of the Mountain Jews Synagogue in Baku has been functioning since 1945. During the Soviet era, after the end of the Second World War, mountain Jews were given an ancient building for religious needs in the center of the city. The condition of the building was very damaging, and those who worshiped here were suffering from unpleasantness. This situation continued until Azerbaijan gained independence. During the period of independence, repair and restoration works were started, the second floor of the synagogue was built, and favorable conditions were created for worshipers. In connection with the reconstruction and capital rehabilitation works carried out, there was a need for a new synagogue for Mountain Jews and has been functioning in Baku in 2010. The opening ceremony of the new temple for the Mountain Jews was held on April 5, 2011.", "Rooms were illuminated by lamps or by a skylight through an opening in the roof. House furniture consisted of low couches, carpeted floors and mattresses. Fireplaces, braziers and ovens were used for heating the home in winter and cooking year round. The property usually has a walled or fenced in yard and almost always has a garden. There is a veranda (\"ayvan\"), a paved drain or a small basin (\"tendir\"), covered cattle-pan, stable and hen-house. Originally the Persians were Zoroastrians. After they had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, Islam became widespread. Today the Tats are mainly Shia Muslims, with a sizeable minority of Sunni Muslims and Jews. The Tat language was widely spread in Eastern South Caucasus. Up to the 20th century it was also used by non-Muslim groups: Mountain Jews, part of the Armenians and the Udins. This has led some to the idea that Muslim Tats, Tat-speaking Mountain Jews and Tat-speaking Christian Armenians are one nation, practicing three different religions. The \"Mountain Jews\" belong to the community of Persian-speaking Jews. Some groups of this community live in Iran, Israel (especially), North America (especially), Europe, and Central Asia (Bukharan Jews). The Jews of Central Asia were classified \"Mountain Jews\" only in 19th-century official Russian documentation. The Mountain Jews call themselves \"Juhuro\". In the year 1888 A. Sh. Anisimov showed the closeness of language of the Mountain Jews and the Tats. In his work \"Caucasian Jews-Mountaineers\" he came to the conclusion that the Mountain Jews were representatives of the Iranian family of the Tats, which had adopted Judaism in Iran and later moved to South Caucasus.", "The ideas of Anisimov were supported during the Soviet period: the popularization of the idea of the Mountain Jews' Tat origin started in the 1930s. Through efforts of several Mountain Jews, closely connected with the regime, the idea of mountain Jews being not really Jews at all but judaized Tats became widely spread. Some Mountain Jews started to register themselves as Tats because of secret pressure from the authorities. As a result of this the words Tat and Mountain Jew became almost synonymous. The term \"Tat\" was used in research literature as the second or even first name for Mountain Jews. This caused the whole cultural heritage (literature, theatre, music) created by Mountain Jews during the Soviet period to be attributed to the Tats. Comparing physic-anthropological characteristics of Tats and Mountain Jews together with information about their languages suggests no signs of ethnic unity between these two nations. Like most \"Jewish\" languages, the grammatical structure of Juhuri retains archaic features of the language it is derived from. At the same time all of these languages are satiated with Hebrew words. The loanwords from Aramaic and Hebrew in Juhuri include words not directly connected with Judaic rituals (e.g. \"zoft\" resin, \"nokumi\" envy, \"ghuf\" body, \"keton\" linen, etc.) Some syntactical features of Juhuri have are ones typical for Hebrew. The physical-anthropological types of Tats and Mountain Jews are also dissimilar. In 1913 the anthropologist K.M. Kurdov carried out measurements of a large group of Tat population of Lahij village and revealed fundamental differences of their physical-anthropological type from the Mountain Jews. Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers."], "answer": {"text": "Mountain Jews speak Judeo-Tat, also called Juhuri, a form of Persian,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "answer": {"text": "Originally, only boys were educated through synagogue schools.", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65871370da554ea89ac79105bcc5beaf_0_q#2", "question": "what was the literature", "rewrite": "What was the literature of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The ideas of Anisimov were supported during the Soviet period: the popularization of the idea of the Mountain Jews' Tat origin started in the 1930s. Through efforts of several Mountain Jews, closely connected with the regime, the idea of mountain Jews being not really Jews at all but judaized Tats became widely spread. Some Mountain Jews started to register themselves as Tats because of secret pressure from the authorities. As a result of this the words Tat and Mountain Jew became almost synonymous. The term \"Tat\" was used in research literature as the second or even first name for Mountain Jews. This caused the whole cultural heritage (literature, theatre, music) created by Mountain Jews during the Soviet period to be attributed to the Tats. Comparing physic-anthropological characteristics of Tats and Mountain Jews together with information about their languages suggests no signs of ethnic unity between these two nations. Like most \"Jewish\" languages, the grammatical structure of Juhuri retains archaic features of the language it is derived from. At the same time all of these languages are satiated with Hebrew words. The loanwords from Aramaic and Hebrew in Juhuri include words not directly connected with Judaic rituals (e.g. \"zoft\" resin, \"nokumi\" envy, \"ghuf\" body, \"keton\" linen, etc.) Some syntactical features of Juhuri have are ones typical for Hebrew. The physical-anthropological types of Tats and Mountain Jews are also dissimilar. In 1913 the anthropologist K.M. Kurdov carried out measurements of a large group of Tat population of Lahij village and revealed fundamental differences of their physical-anthropological type from the Mountain Jews. Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers.", "Rooms were illuminated by lamps or by a skylight through an opening in the roof. House furniture consisted of low couches, carpeted floors and mattresses. Fireplaces, braziers and ovens were used for heating the home in winter and cooking year round. The property usually has a walled or fenced in yard and almost always has a garden. There is a veranda (\"ayvan\"), a paved drain or a small basin (\"tendir\"), covered cattle-pan, stable and hen-house. Originally the Persians were Zoroastrians. After they had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, Islam became widespread. Today the Tats are mainly Shia Muslims, with a sizeable minority of Sunni Muslims and Jews. The Tat language was widely spread in Eastern South Caucasus. Up to the 20th century it was also used by non-Muslim groups: Mountain Jews, part of the Armenians and the Udins. This has led some to the idea that Muslim Tats, Tat-speaking Mountain Jews and Tat-speaking Christian Armenians are one nation, practicing three different religions. The \"Mountain Jews\" belong to the community of Persian-speaking Jews. Some groups of this community live in Iran, Israel (especially), North America (especially), Europe, and Central Asia (Bukharan Jews). The Jews of Central Asia were classified \"Mountain Jews\" only in 19th-century official Russian documentation. The Mountain Jews call themselves \"Juhuro\". In the year 1888 A. Sh. Anisimov showed the closeness of language of the Mountain Jews and the Tats. In his work \"Caucasian Jews-Mountaineers\" he came to the conclusion that the Mountain Jews were representatives of the Iranian family of the Tats, which had adopted Judaism in Iran and later moved to South Caucasus.", "Mountain Jews in Israel Mountain Jews in Israel, also known as the Juhurim, refers to immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Mountain Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. Even before the advent of Zionism, the Juhurim had a desire to return to Zion, which many did in the 1840s and 1850s. Mountain Jews were among the first to make Aliyah, with some immigrating independent of the Zionist movement, while others came inspired by it. They were represented at the Zionist congresses and the first Mountain Jewish settlers in Ottoman Syria established the modern Israeli town of Be'er Ya'akov in 1907. In the early 1920s, Baku became one of the centres of the Jewish national movement, and Zionist newspapers were published in Juhuri. The Mountain Jews living in the Soviet Union celebrated the creation of the State of Israel loudly and proudly, which led to repression by Soviet authorities. Many were arrested and imprisoned for engaging in \"anti-Soviet propaganda. \" The Six-Day War resulted in an eruption of Jewish patriotism among Mountain Jews, although the broader Zionist awakening didn't take place until the early 1970s. It was then when over 10,000 Mountain Jews (about a quarter of the population) emigrated to Israel. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, thousands of Mountain Jews moved to Israel. During the First Chechen War, some left due to the violence. Despite the usual close relations between Jews and Chechens, many were kidnapped by Chechen gangs who ransomed their freedom to \"the international Jewish community.\"", "Synagogues in Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan, there are three main Jewish communities - mountain Jews, Ashkenazi Jews and communities of Georgian Jews. The total number of Jews in the country is 16,000. Of these, 11,000 are mountain Jews, about 6,000 in Baku, 4,000 in Guba and thousands in other cities. Ashkenazi Jews are 4.3 thousand people. Most of them live in Baku and Sumgayit. The Georgian Jews are about 700. Q.Zelmanovich said that there are 10 synagogues in Azerbaijan. Two of the synagogues are located in Baku, six of them in Guba and two of them in Oguz: \"Synagogues have been built mainly in areas where Jews live. One of the synagogues in Baku was built in 2003 and another in 2012. Jews living in Azerbaijan, every day worship in the synagogue, celebrate their festivals, hold mourning ceremonies.\" The building of the Mountain Jews Synagogue in Baku has been functioning since 1945. During the Soviet era, after the end of the Second World War, mountain Jews were given an ancient building for religious needs in the center of the city. The condition of the building was very damaging, and those who worshiped here were suffering from unpleasantness. This situation continued until Azerbaijan gained independence. During the period of independence, repair and restoration works were started, the second floor of the synagogue was built, and favorable conditions were created for worshipers. In connection with the reconstruction and capital rehabilitation works carried out, there was a need for a new synagogue for Mountain Jews and has been functioning in Baku in 2010. The opening ceremony of the new temple for the Mountain Jews was held on April 5, 2011.", "World Congress of Mountain Jews World Congress of Mountain Jews (WCMJ) \u2013 is an active international non governmental organization, that provide new opportunities to the Mountain Jews, which because of different circumstances and events are spread worldwide, in order to join the efforts for further development of the traditions and cultural values, cooperation with the international society and for the official representation of the interests of the own nation in the governmental and social bodies.<ref name=\"Minyan.ru/rus/9/01.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> WCMJ brings together the mountain Jews of Israel, United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Azerbaijan, Germany, Austria, Georgia, Kazakhstan and of the other countries, where the mountain Jews communities are existing. Since 2017, the WCMJ has a separated consulting statute at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The last time it was talked about the mountain Jews in the recent past in 1927, during the work of the All-Union Conference on cultural construction among the mountain Jews-Tats of the USSR. His chair was Nadezhda Krupskaya.<ref name=\"Ng.ru/ ng_religii/2003-02-19/2_jews.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> In 1996, the well known Moscow philanthropist Tair Ghilalovich Gurshumov<ref name=\"Inopressa.ru/pwa/article/10apr2012/nzz/gilalov.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> (Blessed memory) established the foundation for the preservation and development of the mountain-Jewish culture and laid the first stone for the construction of a synagogue in Tirat-Carmel, Israel."], "answer": {"text": "The first Judeo-Tat-language newspaper, Zakhmetkesh (Working People), was published in 1928", "answer_start": 611}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "answer": {"text": "Originally, only boys were educated through synagogue schools.", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the language", "answer": {"text": "Mountain Jews speak Judeo-Tat, also called Juhuri, a form of Persian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65871370da554ea89ac79105bcc5beaf_0_q#3", "question": "where did women learn", "rewrite": "Where did women learn at the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The ideas of Anisimov were supported during the Soviet period: the popularization of the idea of the Mountain Jews' Tat origin started in the 1930s. Through efforts of several Mountain Jews, closely connected with the regime, the idea of mountain Jews being not really Jews at all but judaized Tats became widely spread. Some Mountain Jews started to register themselves as Tats because of secret pressure from the authorities. As a result of this the words Tat and Mountain Jew became almost synonymous. The term \"Tat\" was used in research literature as the second or even first name for Mountain Jews. This caused the whole cultural heritage (literature, theatre, music) created by Mountain Jews during the Soviet period to be attributed to the Tats. Comparing physic-anthropological characteristics of Tats and Mountain Jews together with information about their languages suggests no signs of ethnic unity between these two nations. Like most \"Jewish\" languages, the grammatical structure of Juhuri retains archaic features of the language it is derived from. At the same time all of these languages are satiated with Hebrew words. The loanwords from Aramaic and Hebrew in Juhuri include words not directly connected with Judaic rituals (e.g. \"zoft\" resin, \"nokumi\" envy, \"ghuf\" body, \"keton\" linen, etc.) Some syntactical features of Juhuri have are ones typical for Hebrew. The physical-anthropological types of Tats and Mountain Jews are also dissimilar. In 1913 the anthropologist K.M. Kurdov carried out measurements of a large group of Tat population of Lahij village and revealed fundamental differences of their physical-anthropological type from the Mountain Jews. Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers.", "Synagogues in Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan, there are three main Jewish communities - mountain Jews, Ashkenazi Jews and communities of Georgian Jews. The total number of Jews in the country is 16,000. Of these, 11,000 are mountain Jews, about 6,000 in Baku, 4,000 in Guba and thousands in other cities. Ashkenazi Jews are 4.3 thousand people. Most of them live in Baku and Sumgayit. The Georgian Jews are about 700. Q.Zelmanovich said that there are 10 synagogues in Azerbaijan. Two of the synagogues are located in Baku, six of them in Guba and two of them in Oguz: \"Synagogues have been built mainly in areas where Jews live. One of the synagogues in Baku was built in 2003 and another in 2012. Jews living in Azerbaijan, every day worship in the synagogue, celebrate their festivals, hold mourning ceremonies.\" The building of the Mountain Jews Synagogue in Baku has been functioning since 1945. During the Soviet era, after the end of the Second World War, mountain Jews were given an ancient building for religious needs in the center of the city. The condition of the building was very damaging, and those who worshiped here were suffering from unpleasantness. This situation continued until Azerbaijan gained independence. During the period of independence, repair and restoration works were started, the second floor of the synagogue was built, and favorable conditions were created for worshipers. In connection with the reconstruction and capital rehabilitation works carried out, there was a need for a new synagogue for Mountain Jews and has been functioning in Baku in 2010. The opening ceremony of the new temple for the Mountain Jews was held on April 5, 2011.", "World Congress of Mountain Jews World Congress of Mountain Jews (WCMJ) \u2013 is an active international non governmental organization, that provide new opportunities to the Mountain Jews, which because of different circumstances and events are spread worldwide, in order to join the efforts for further development of the traditions and cultural values, cooperation with the international society and for the official representation of the interests of the own nation in the governmental and social bodies.<ref name=\"Minyan.ru/rus/9/01.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> WCMJ brings together the mountain Jews of Israel, United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Azerbaijan, Germany, Austria, Georgia, Kazakhstan and of the other countries, where the mountain Jews communities are existing. Since 2017, the WCMJ has a separated consulting statute at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The last time it was talked about the mountain Jews in the recent past in 1927, during the work of the All-Union Conference on cultural construction among the mountain Jews-Tats of the USSR. His chair was Nadezhda Krupskaya.<ref name=\"Ng.ru/ ng_religii/2003-02-19/2_jews.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> In 1996, the well known Moscow philanthropist Tair Ghilalovich Gurshumov<ref name=\"Inopressa.ru/pwa/article/10apr2012/nzz/gilalov.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> (Blessed memory) established the foundation for the preservation and development of the mountain-Jewish culture and laid the first stone for the construction of a synagogue in Tirat-Carmel, Israel.", "Mountain Jews in Israel Mountain Jews in Israel, also known as the Juhurim, refers to immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Mountain Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. Even before the advent of Zionism, the Juhurim had a desire to return to Zion, which many did in the 1840s and 1850s. Mountain Jews were among the first to make Aliyah, with some immigrating independent of the Zionist movement, while others came inspired by it. They were represented at the Zionist congresses and the first Mountain Jewish settlers in Ottoman Syria established the modern Israeli town of Be'er Ya'akov in 1907. In the early 1920s, Baku became one of the centres of the Jewish national movement, and Zionist newspapers were published in Juhuri. The Mountain Jews living in the Soviet Union celebrated the creation of the State of Israel loudly and proudly, which led to repression by Soviet authorities. Many were arrested and imprisoned for engaging in \"anti-Soviet propaganda. \" The Six-Day War resulted in an eruption of Jewish patriotism among Mountain Jews, although the broader Zionist awakening didn't take place until the early 1970s. It was then when over 10,000 Mountain Jews (about a quarter of the population) emigrated to Israel. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, thousands of Mountain Jews moved to Israel. During the First Chechen War, some left due to the violence. Despite the usual close relations between Jews and Chechens, many were kidnapped by Chechen gangs who ransomed their freedom to \"the international Jewish community.\"", "Rooms were illuminated by lamps or by a skylight through an opening in the roof. House furniture consisted of low couches, carpeted floors and mattresses. Fireplaces, braziers and ovens were used for heating the home in winter and cooking year round. The property usually has a walled or fenced in yard and almost always has a garden. There is a veranda (\"ayvan\"), a paved drain or a small basin (\"tendir\"), covered cattle-pan, stable and hen-house. Originally the Persians were Zoroastrians. After they had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, Islam became widespread. Today the Tats are mainly Shia Muslims, with a sizeable minority of Sunni Muslims and Jews. The Tat language was widely spread in Eastern South Caucasus. Up to the 20th century it was also used by non-Muslim groups: Mountain Jews, part of the Armenians and the Udins. This has led some to the idea that Muslim Tats, Tat-speaking Mountain Jews and Tat-speaking Christian Armenians are one nation, practicing three different religions. The \"Mountain Jews\" belong to the community of Persian-speaking Jews. Some groups of this community live in Iran, Israel (especially), North America (especially), Europe, and Central Asia (Bukharan Jews). The Jews of Central Asia were classified \"Mountain Jews\" only in 19th-century official Russian documentation. The Mountain Jews call themselves \"Juhuro\". In the year 1888 A. Sh. Anisimov showed the closeness of language of the Mountain Jews and the Tats. In his work \"Caucasian Jews-Mountaineers\" he came to the conclusion that the Mountain Jews were representatives of the Iranian family of the Tats, which had adopted Judaism in Iran and later moved to South Caucasus."], "answer": {"text": "newly founded elementary schools attended by both Mountain Jewish boys and girls.", "answer_start": 1101}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "answer": {"text": "Originally, only boys were educated through synagogue schools.", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the language", "answer": {"text": "Mountain Jews speak Judeo-Tat, also called Juhuri, a form of Persian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the literature", "answer": {"text": "The first Judeo-Tat-language newspaper, Zakhmetkesh (Working People), was published in 1928", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65871370da554ea89ac79105bcc5beaf_0_q#4", "question": "who taught the people", "rewrite": "Who taught the people at the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["World Congress of Mountain Jews World Congress of Mountain Jews (WCMJ) \u2013 is an active international non governmental organization, that provide new opportunities to the Mountain Jews, which because of different circumstances and events are spread worldwide, in order to join the efforts for further development of the traditions and cultural values, cooperation with the international society and for the official representation of the interests of the own nation in the governmental and social bodies.<ref name=\"Minyan.ru/rus/9/01.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> WCMJ brings together the mountain Jews of Israel, United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Azerbaijan, Germany, Austria, Georgia, Kazakhstan and of the other countries, where the mountain Jews communities are existing. Since 2017, the WCMJ has a separated consulting statute at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The last time it was talked about the mountain Jews in the recent past in 1927, during the work of the All-Union Conference on cultural construction among the mountain Jews-Tats of the USSR. His chair was Nadezhda Krupskaya.<ref name=\"Ng.ru/ ng_religii/2003-02-19/2_jews.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> In 1996, the well known Moscow philanthropist Tair Ghilalovich Gurshumov<ref name=\"Inopressa.ru/pwa/article/10apr2012/nzz/gilalov.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> (Blessed memory) established the foundation for the preservation and development of the mountain-Jewish culture and laid the first stone for the construction of a synagogue in Tirat-Carmel, Israel.", "Synagogues in Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan, there are three main Jewish communities - mountain Jews, Ashkenazi Jews and communities of Georgian Jews. The total number of Jews in the country is 16,000. Of these, 11,000 are mountain Jews, about 6,000 in Baku, 4,000 in Guba and thousands in other cities. Ashkenazi Jews are 4.3 thousand people. Most of them live in Baku and Sumgayit. The Georgian Jews are about 700. Q.Zelmanovich said that there are 10 synagogues in Azerbaijan. Two of the synagogues are located in Baku, six of them in Guba and two of them in Oguz: \"Synagogues have been built mainly in areas where Jews live. One of the synagogues in Baku was built in 2003 and another in 2012. Jews living in Azerbaijan, every day worship in the synagogue, celebrate their festivals, hold mourning ceremonies.\" The building of the Mountain Jews Synagogue in Baku has been functioning since 1945. During the Soviet era, after the end of the Second World War, mountain Jews were given an ancient building for religious needs in the center of the city. The condition of the building was very damaging, and those who worshiped here were suffering from unpleasantness. This situation continued until Azerbaijan gained independence. During the period of independence, repair and restoration works were started, the second floor of the synagogue was built, and favorable conditions were created for worshipers. In connection with the reconstruction and capital rehabilitation works carried out, there was a need for a new synagogue for Mountain Jews and has been functioning in Baku in 2010. The opening ceremony of the new temple for the Mountain Jews was held on April 5, 2011.", "Mountain Jews in Israel Mountain Jews in Israel, also known as the Juhurim, refers to immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Mountain Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. Even before the advent of Zionism, the Juhurim had a desire to return to Zion, which many did in the 1840s and 1850s. Mountain Jews were among the first to make Aliyah, with some immigrating independent of the Zionist movement, while others came inspired by it. They were represented at the Zionist congresses and the first Mountain Jewish settlers in Ottoman Syria established the modern Israeli town of Be'er Ya'akov in 1907. In the early 1920s, Baku became one of the centres of the Jewish national movement, and Zionist newspapers were published in Juhuri. The Mountain Jews living in the Soviet Union celebrated the creation of the State of Israel loudly and proudly, which led to repression by Soviet authorities. Many were arrested and imprisoned for engaging in \"anti-Soviet propaganda. \" The Six-Day War resulted in an eruption of Jewish patriotism among Mountain Jews, although the broader Zionist awakening didn't take place until the early 1970s. It was then when over 10,000 Mountain Jews (about a quarter of the population) emigrated to Israel. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, thousands of Mountain Jews moved to Israel. During the First Chechen War, some left due to the violence. Despite the usual close relations between Jews and Chechens, many were kidnapped by Chechen gangs who ransomed their freedom to \"the international Jewish community.\"", "Rooms were illuminated by lamps or by a skylight through an opening in the roof. House furniture consisted of low couches, carpeted floors and mattresses. Fireplaces, braziers and ovens were used for heating the home in winter and cooking year round. The property usually has a walled or fenced in yard and almost always has a garden. There is a veranda (\"ayvan\"), a paved drain or a small basin (\"tendir\"), covered cattle-pan, stable and hen-house. Originally the Persians were Zoroastrians. After they had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, Islam became widespread. Today the Tats are mainly Shia Muslims, with a sizeable minority of Sunni Muslims and Jews. The Tat language was widely spread in Eastern South Caucasus. Up to the 20th century it was also used by non-Muslim groups: Mountain Jews, part of the Armenians and the Udins. This has led some to the idea that Muslim Tats, Tat-speaking Mountain Jews and Tat-speaking Christian Armenians are one nation, practicing three different religions. The \"Mountain Jews\" belong to the community of Persian-speaking Jews. Some groups of this community live in Iran, Israel (especially), North America (especially), Europe, and Central Asia (Bukharan Jews). The Jews of Central Asia were classified \"Mountain Jews\" only in 19th-century official Russian documentation. The Mountain Jews call themselves \"Juhuro\". In the year 1888 A. Sh. Anisimov showed the closeness of language of the Mountain Jews and the Tats. In his work \"Caucasian Jews-Mountaineers\" he came to the conclusion that the Mountain Jews were representatives of the Iranian family of the Tats, which had adopted Judaism in Iran and later moved to South Caucasus.", "The ideas of Anisimov were supported during the Soviet period: the popularization of the idea of the Mountain Jews' Tat origin started in the 1930s. Through efforts of several Mountain Jews, closely connected with the regime, the idea of mountain Jews being not really Jews at all but judaized Tats became widely spread. Some Mountain Jews started to register themselves as Tats because of secret pressure from the authorities. As a result of this the words Tat and Mountain Jew became almost synonymous. The term \"Tat\" was used in research literature as the second or even first name for Mountain Jews. This caused the whole cultural heritage (literature, theatre, music) created by Mountain Jews during the Soviet period to be attributed to the Tats. Comparing physic-anthropological characteristics of Tats and Mountain Jews together with information about their languages suggests no signs of ethnic unity between these two nations. Like most \"Jewish\" languages, the grammatical structure of Juhuri retains archaic features of the language it is derived from. At the same time all of these languages are satiated with Hebrew words. The loanwords from Aramaic and Hebrew in Juhuri include words not directly connected with Judaic rituals (e.g. \"zoft\" resin, \"nokumi\" envy, \"ghuf\" body, \"keton\" linen, etc.) Some syntactical features of Juhuri have are ones typical for Hebrew. The physical-anthropological types of Tats and Mountain Jews are also dissimilar. In 1913 the anthropologist K.M. Kurdov carried out measurements of a large group of Tat population of Lahij village and revealed fundamental differences of their physical-anthropological type from the Mountain Jews. Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers."], "answer": {"text": "Starting from the 1860s, many well-off families switched to home-schooling,", "answer_start": 827}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "answer": {"text": "Originally, only boys were educated through synagogue schools.", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the language", "answer": {"text": "Mountain Jews speak Judeo-Tat, also called Juhuri, a form of Persian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the literature", "answer": {"text": "The first Judeo-Tat-language newspaper, Zakhmetkesh (Working People), was published in 1928", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did women learn", "answer": {"text": "newly founded elementary schools attended by both Mountain Jewish boys and girls.", "answer_start": 1101, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65871370da554ea89ac79105bcc5beaf_0_q#5", "question": "what is important about the mountain jews teachings", "rewrite": "What is important about the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions teachings?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rooms were illuminated by lamps or by a skylight through an opening in the roof. House furniture consisted of low couches, carpeted floors and mattresses. Fireplaces, braziers and ovens were used for heating the home in winter and cooking year round. The property usually has a walled or fenced in yard and almost always has a garden. There is a veranda (\"ayvan\"), a paved drain or a small basin (\"tendir\"), covered cattle-pan, stable and hen-house. Originally the Persians were Zoroastrians. After they had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate, Islam became widespread. Today the Tats are mainly Shia Muslims, with a sizeable minority of Sunni Muslims and Jews. The Tat language was widely spread in Eastern South Caucasus. Up to the 20th century it was also used by non-Muslim groups: Mountain Jews, part of the Armenians and the Udins. This has led some to the idea that Muslim Tats, Tat-speaking Mountain Jews and Tat-speaking Christian Armenians are one nation, practicing three different religions. The \"Mountain Jews\" belong to the community of Persian-speaking Jews. Some groups of this community live in Iran, Israel (especially), North America (especially), Europe, and Central Asia (Bukharan Jews). The Jews of Central Asia were classified \"Mountain Jews\" only in 19th-century official Russian documentation. The Mountain Jews call themselves \"Juhuro\". In the year 1888 A. Sh. Anisimov showed the closeness of language of the Mountain Jews and the Tats. In his work \"Caucasian Jews-Mountaineers\" he came to the conclusion that the Mountain Jews were representatives of the Iranian family of the Tats, which had adopted Judaism in Iran and later moved to South Caucasus.", "Synagogues in Azerbaijan In Azerbaijan, there are three main Jewish communities - mountain Jews, Ashkenazi Jews and communities of Georgian Jews. The total number of Jews in the country is 16,000. Of these, 11,000 are mountain Jews, about 6,000 in Baku, 4,000 in Guba and thousands in other cities. Ashkenazi Jews are 4.3 thousand people. Most of them live in Baku and Sumgayit. The Georgian Jews are about 700. Q.Zelmanovich said that there are 10 synagogues in Azerbaijan. Two of the synagogues are located in Baku, six of them in Guba and two of them in Oguz: \"Synagogues have been built mainly in areas where Jews live. One of the synagogues in Baku was built in 2003 and another in 2012. Jews living in Azerbaijan, every day worship in the synagogue, celebrate their festivals, hold mourning ceremonies.\" The building of the Mountain Jews Synagogue in Baku has been functioning since 1945. During the Soviet era, after the end of the Second World War, mountain Jews were given an ancient building for religious needs in the center of the city. The condition of the building was very damaging, and those who worshiped here were suffering from unpleasantness. This situation continued until Azerbaijan gained independence. During the period of independence, repair and restoration works were started, the second floor of the synagogue was built, and favorable conditions were created for worshipers. In connection with the reconstruction and capital rehabilitation works carried out, there was a need for a new synagogue for Mountain Jews and has been functioning in Baku in 2010. The opening ceremony of the new temple for the Mountain Jews was held on April 5, 2011.", "The ideas of Anisimov were supported during the Soviet period: the popularization of the idea of the Mountain Jews' Tat origin started in the 1930s. Through efforts of several Mountain Jews, closely connected with the regime, the idea of mountain Jews being not really Jews at all but judaized Tats became widely spread. Some Mountain Jews started to register themselves as Tats because of secret pressure from the authorities. As a result of this the words Tat and Mountain Jew became almost synonymous. The term \"Tat\" was used in research literature as the second or even first name for Mountain Jews. This caused the whole cultural heritage (literature, theatre, music) created by Mountain Jews during the Soviet period to be attributed to the Tats. Comparing physic-anthropological characteristics of Tats and Mountain Jews together with information about their languages suggests no signs of ethnic unity between these two nations. Like most \"Jewish\" languages, the grammatical structure of Juhuri retains archaic features of the language it is derived from. At the same time all of these languages are satiated with Hebrew words. The loanwords from Aramaic and Hebrew in Juhuri include words not directly connected with Judaic rituals (e.g. \"zoft\" resin, \"nokumi\" envy, \"ghuf\" body, \"keton\" linen, etc.) Some syntactical features of Juhuri have are ones typical for Hebrew. The physical-anthropological types of Tats and Mountain Jews are also dissimilar. In 1913 the anthropologist K.M. Kurdov carried out measurements of a large group of Tat population of Lahij village and revealed fundamental differences of their physical-anthropological type from the Mountain Jews. Measurements of Tats and Mountain Jews were also made by some other researchers.", "World Congress of Mountain Jews World Congress of Mountain Jews (WCMJ) \u2013 is an active international non governmental organization, that provide new opportunities to the Mountain Jews, which because of different circumstances and events are spread worldwide, in order to join the efforts for further development of the traditions and cultural values, cooperation with the international society and for the official representation of the interests of the own nation in the governmental and social bodies.<ref name=\"Minyan.ru/rus/9/01.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> WCMJ brings together the mountain Jews of Israel, United States, Russian Federation, Canada, Azerbaijan, Germany, Austria, Georgia, Kazakhstan and of the other countries, where the mountain Jews communities are existing. Since 2017, the WCMJ has a separated consulting statute at the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The last time it was talked about the mountain Jews in the recent past in 1927, during the work of the All-Union Conference on cultural construction among the mountain Jews-Tats of the USSR. His chair was Nadezhda Krupskaya.<ref name=\"Ng.ru/ ng_religii/2003-02-19/2_jews.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> In 1996, the well known Moscow philanthropist Tair Ghilalovich Gurshumov<ref name=\"Inopressa.ru/pwa/article/10apr2012/nzz/gilalov.html_2019-07-10\"></ref> (Blessed memory) established the foundation for the preservation and development of the mountain-Jewish culture and laid the first stone for the construction of a synagogue in Tirat-Carmel, Israel.", "Mountain Jews in Israel Mountain Jews in Israel, also known as the Juhurim, refers to immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Mountain Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. Even before the advent of Zionism, the Juhurim had a desire to return to Zion, which many did in the 1840s and 1850s. Mountain Jews were among the first to make Aliyah, with some immigrating independent of the Zionist movement, while others came inspired by it. They were represented at the Zionist congresses and the first Mountain Jewish settlers in Ottoman Syria established the modern Israeli town of Be'er Ya'akov in 1907. In the early 1920s, Baku became one of the centres of the Jewish national movement, and Zionist newspapers were published in Juhuri. The Mountain Jews living in the Soviet Union celebrated the creation of the State of Israel loudly and proudly, which led to repression by Soviet authorities. Many were arrested and imprisoned for engaging in \"anti-Soviet propaganda. \" The Six-Day War resulted in an eruption of Jewish patriotism among Mountain Jews, although the broader Zionist awakening didn't take place until the early 1970s. It was then when over 10,000 Mountain Jews (about a quarter of the population) emigrated to Israel. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, thousands of Mountain Jews moved to Israel. During the First Chechen War, some left due to the violence. Despite the usual close relations between Jews and Chechens, many were kidnapped by Chechen gangs who ransomed their freedom to \"the international Jewish community.\""], "answer": {"text": "The Mountain Jewish community has had notable figures in public health, education, culture, and art.", "answer_start": 1381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one of the Mountain Jews, Educational institutions?", "answer": {"text": "Originally, only boys were educated through synagogue schools.", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the language", "answer": {"text": "Mountain Jews speak Judeo-Tat, also called Juhuri, a form of Persian,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the literature", "answer": {"text": "The first Judeo-Tat-language newspaper, Zakhmetkesh (Working People), was published in 1928", "answer_start": 611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did women learn", "answer": {"text": "newly founded elementary schools attended by both Mountain Jewish boys and girls.", "answer_start": 1101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who taught the people", "answer": {"text": "Starting from the 1860s, many well-off families switched to home-schooling,", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b266e36c145b4a1a9cd6eae0a45cf57e_0_q#0", "question": "Who was Harry Price's Rosalie?", "rewrite": "Who was Harry Price's Rosalie?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A few reported phenomena were said to have existed before Price was called to the scene, but most of these stories seem to have originated from one of the residents of the rectory, Ethel Bull. Most former residents of the rectory claimed never to have seen anything unusual whilst they lived there. The first full-length independent biography of Harry Price, \"Harry Price: The Psychic Detective\" by former national newspaper journalist Richard Morris. Locally based Morris unearthed a mass of previously hidden information about Price which included the fact that he was a conman who left school at 16, and lived a double-life as a paper-bag salesman and as an expert on psychic matters rubbing shoulders with the rich and famous. Before settling on the subject of spiritualism, he had unsuccessfully attempted to pose as an archaeologist and as an expert on old coins. This has led all recent investigators of Borley Rectory to treat Harry Price's book with great caution. Price's investigation of Borley Rectory is the subject of a 2013 novel, dramatised by Neil Spring, The Ghost Hunters which tells the story through the eyes of Sarah Grey, Harry's secretary. Borley remains a place of great interest to 'psychic tourists' who frequently visit the village looking for the site of the long-gone rectory.", "Henry Strong Price Henry Strong Price (8 May 1825 \u2013 30 November 1889), generally known as H.S. Price, or simply Harry Price, was a pioneer sheep pastoralist of South Australia, best known as founder and proprietor of Wilpena Station at Wilpena Pound, now part of the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park. Born at Marlborough, Wiltshire on 8 May 1825, Price was the second son of Peninsula War veteran Captain David Molloy Price of the 36th Regiment, and Mary, \"nee\" Strong. His elder brother, who remained in England, was Dr. Richard Edmonds Price (1822-1900), M.R.C.S., a captain in the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry and a mayor of Marlborough. Seeking adventure and fortune in his own right, Price arrived in South Australia as a cabin passenger on the barque \"Fortitude\" in April 1842, just a month before his seventeenth birthday. The newly arrived youth became connected that same year with Charles Campbell, a livestock overlander from New South Wales. In January 1843 Campbell and Price took out an occupation licence for a grazing run in the Mid North of South Australia at Hill River, their resident stock keeper being William Roach. By 1844 Campbell and Price had parted, moving on to other interests. In the case of Price, he had soon expanded his pastoralist pursuits to include both the Mid North and Eyre Peninsula. Price eventually made his way over to nearby Booborowie Station, owned by brothers William Browne and John Browne, both medical doctors, also from Wiltshire, with whom he then began a lasting and intimate connection. He not only managed some of their pastoral interests, but also went into working partnerships with them. As well, years later, the Price and Browne families became related when Harry Price's daughter, Helen Mary, married to Leonard, eldest son of Dr William Browne.", "Harry Price (disambiguation) Harry Price (1881\u20131948) was a British psychic researcher and author. Harry Price may also refer to:", "Underwood was much influenced by the work of Harry Price - the grandfather of ghost-hunting - and was particularly struck by Price's \u2018The End of Borley Rectory\u2019, which he read immediately when it was first published in 1946. Investigating Borley himself, he corresponded with Price about it. Price then invited Underwood to join the Ghost Club , of which he would later become President. During his investigations into the Borley Rectory case, over a period of years, Underwood traced and personally interviewed almost every living person who had been connected with what the press had dubbed the 'most haunted house in England'. He built up a volume of correspondence with paranormal investigator Harry Price and after Price's death, Paul Tabori would become literary executor of the Harry Price Estate, with whom Underwood worked with to publish all his research into Borley. (Price had written published two books about Borley- \"The Most Haunted House in England\" (1940), and \"The End of Borley Rectory\" (1946), from which Underwood 'compile[d] a really comprehensive index of the combined volumes'.) Underwood's published work changed the field of literature on the paranormal. For example, his much imitated \"Gazetteer of British Ghosts\" (1971) and \"Haunted London\" (1973) - previously unheard of comprehensive and well-researched surveys (or geographical dictionaries - gazetteers) - which, through their encyclopaedic thoroughness, imparted authority to Underwood as an author on the subject he devoted his life to - ghost hunting. They also encouraged others to use them as resources to use to visit the sites he investigated for themselves.", "National Laboratory of Psychical Research The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in 1926 by Harry Price, at 16 Queensberry Place, London. Its aim was \"to investigate in a dispassionate manner and by purely scientific means every phase of psychic or alleged psychic phenomena\". The honorary president was Lord Sands, K.C., LL.D., acting president was H. G. Bois, and the honorary director was Harry Price. In 1930 the Laboratory moved from Queensberry Square, where it had been a tenant of the London Spiritualist Alliance to 13 Roland Gardens. In 1938, its library was transferred on loan to the University of London. The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was a rival to the Society for Psychical Research. Price had a number of disputes with the SPR, most notably over the mediumship of Rudi Schneider. Price paid mediums to test them, the SPR criticized Price and disagreed about paying mediums for testing. In 1934 the Laboratory was replaced by the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation (not an official body of the University) under the Chairmanship of C. E. M. Joad with Harry Price as Hon. Secretary. John Fl\u00fcgel, Cyril Burt, Cecil Alec Mace and Francis Aveling were members of the Council. Price suspended the operations of the Council in 1938. It was never revived. On October 7, 1930 it was claimed by spiritualists that Eileen J. Garrett made contact with the spirit of Herbert Carmichael Irwin at a s\u00e9ance held with Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research two days after the R101 disaster, while attempting to contact the then recently deceased Arthur Conan Doyle, and discussed possible causes of the accident. The event \"attracted worldwide attention\", thanks to the presence of a reporter."], "answer": {"text": "Price claimed to have attended a private seance on 15 December 1937 in which a small six-year-old girl called Rosalie appeared.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b266e36c145b4a1a9cd6eae0a45cf57e_0_q#1", "question": "What did she say or do?", "rewrite": "What did Harry Price's Rosalie say or do during the 15 December 1937 seance?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Harry Price (disambiguation) Harry Price (1881\u20131948) was a British psychic researcher and author. Harry Price may also refer to:", "A few reported phenomena were said to have existed before Price was called to the scene, but most of these stories seem to have originated from one of the residents of the rectory, Ethel Bull. Most former residents of the rectory claimed never to have seen anything unusual whilst they lived there. The first full-length independent biography of Harry Price, \"Harry Price: The Psychic Detective\" by former national newspaper journalist Richard Morris. Locally based Morris unearthed a mass of previously hidden information about Price which included the fact that he was a conman who left school at 16, and lived a double-life as a paper-bag salesman and as an expert on psychic matters rubbing shoulders with the rich and famous. Before settling on the subject of spiritualism, he had unsuccessfully attempted to pose as an archaeologist and as an expert on old coins. This has led all recent investigators of Borley Rectory to treat Harry Price's book with great caution. Price's investigation of Borley Rectory is the subject of a 2013 novel, dramatised by Neil Spring, The Ghost Hunters which tells the story through the eyes of Sarah Grey, Harry's secretary. Borley remains a place of great interest to 'psychic tourists' who frequently visit the village looking for the site of the long-gone rectory.", "Underwood was much influenced by the work of Harry Price - the grandfather of ghost-hunting - and was particularly struck by Price's \u2018The End of Borley Rectory\u2019, which he read immediately when it was first published in 1946. Investigating Borley himself, he corresponded with Price about it. Price then invited Underwood to join the Ghost Club , of which he would later become President. During his investigations into the Borley Rectory case, over a period of years, Underwood traced and personally interviewed almost every living person who had been connected with what the press had dubbed the 'most haunted house in England'. He built up a volume of correspondence with paranormal investigator Harry Price and after Price's death, Paul Tabori would become literary executor of the Harry Price Estate, with whom Underwood worked with to publish all his research into Borley. (Price had written published two books about Borley- \"The Most Haunted House in England\" (1940), and \"The End of Borley Rectory\" (1946), from which Underwood 'compile[d] a really comprehensive index of the combined volumes'.) Underwood's published work changed the field of literature on the paranormal. For example, his much imitated \"Gazetteer of British Ghosts\" (1971) and \"Haunted London\" (1973) - previously unheard of comprehensive and well-researched surveys (or geographical dictionaries - gazetteers) - which, through their encyclopaedic thoroughness, imparted authority to Underwood as an author on the subject he devoted his life to - ghost hunting. They also encouraged others to use them as resources to use to visit the sites he investigated for themselves.", "Price claimed to have attended a private seance on 15 December 1937 in which a small six-year-old girl called Rosalie appeared. Price wrote he controlled the room by placing starch powder over the floor, locking the door and taping the windows before the seance. However, the identity of the sitters, or the locality where the seance was held was not revealed due to the alleged request of the mother of the child. During the seance Price claimed a small girl emerged, she spoke and he took her pulse. Price was suspicious that the supposed spirit of the child was no different than a human being but after the seance had finished the starch powder was undisturbed and none of the seals had been removed on the window. Price was convinced no one had entered the room via door or window during the seance. Price's Fifty Years of Psychical Research (1939) describes his experiences at the sitting and includes a diagram of the seance room. Eric Dingwall and Trevor Hall wrote the Rosalie seance was fictitious and Price had lied about the whole affair but had based some of the details on the description of the house from a sitting he attended at a much earlier time in Brockley, South London where he used to live. K. M. Goldney who had criticized Price over his investigation into Borley Rectory wrote after the morning of the Rosalie sitting she found Price \"shaken to the core by his experience.\" Goldney believed Price had told the truth about the seance and informed the Two Worlds spiritualist weekly newspaper that she believed the Rosalie sitting to be genuine. In 1985, Peter Underwood published a photograph of part of an anonymous letter that was sent to the SPR member David Cohen in the 1960s which claimed to be from a seance sitter who attended the seance.", "National Laboratory of Psychical Research The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in 1926 by Harry Price, at 16 Queensberry Place, London. Its aim was \"to investigate in a dispassionate manner and by purely scientific means every phase of psychic or alleged psychic phenomena\". The honorary president was Lord Sands, K.C., LL.D., acting president was H. G. Bois, and the honorary director was Harry Price. In 1930 the Laboratory moved from Queensberry Square, where it had been a tenant of the London Spiritualist Alliance to 13 Roland Gardens. In 1938, its library was transferred on loan to the University of London. The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was a rival to the Society for Psychical Research. Price had a number of disputes with the SPR, most notably over the mediumship of Rudi Schneider. Price paid mediums to test them, the SPR criticized Price and disagreed about paying mediums for testing. In 1934 the Laboratory was replaced by the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation (not an official body of the University) under the Chairmanship of C. E. M. Joad with Harry Price as Hon. Secretary. John Fl\u00fcgel, Cyril Burt, Cecil Alec Mace and Francis Aveling were members of the Council. Price suspended the operations of the Council in 1938. It was never revived. On October 7, 1930 it was claimed by spiritualists that Eileen J. Garrett made contact with the spirit of Herbert Carmichael Irwin at a s\u00e9ance held with Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research two days after the R101 disaster, while attempting to contact the then recently deceased Arthur Conan Doyle, and discussed possible causes of the accident. The event \"attracted worldwide attention\", thanks to the presence of a reporter."], "answer": {"text": "During the seance Price claimed a small girl emerged, she spoke and he took her pulse.", "answer_start": 415}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Harry Price's Rosalie?", "answer": {"text": "Price claimed to have attended a private seance on 15 December 1937 in which a small six-year-old girl called Rosalie appeared.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b266e36c145b4a1a9cd6eae0a45cf57e_0_q#2", "question": "What happened after that?", "rewrite": "What happened after Harry Price took Rosalie's pulse?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A few reported phenomena were said to have existed before Price was called to the scene, but most of these stories seem to have originated from one of the residents of the rectory, Ethel Bull. Most former residents of the rectory claimed never to have seen anything unusual whilst they lived there. The first full-length independent biography of Harry Price, \"Harry Price: The Psychic Detective\" by former national newspaper journalist Richard Morris. Locally based Morris unearthed a mass of previously hidden information about Price which included the fact that he was a conman who left school at 16, and lived a double-life as a paper-bag salesman and as an expert on psychic matters rubbing shoulders with the rich and famous. Before settling on the subject of spiritualism, he had unsuccessfully attempted to pose as an archaeologist and as an expert on old coins. This has led all recent investigators of Borley Rectory to treat Harry Price's book with great caution. Price's investigation of Borley Rectory is the subject of a 2013 novel, dramatised by Neil Spring, The Ghost Hunters which tells the story through the eyes of Sarah Grey, Harry's secretary. Borley remains a place of great interest to 'psychic tourists' who frequently visit the village looking for the site of the long-gone rectory.", "Henry Strong Price Henry Strong Price (8 May 1825 \u2013 30 November 1889), generally known as H.S. Price, or simply Harry Price, was a pioneer sheep pastoralist of South Australia, best known as founder and proprietor of Wilpena Station at Wilpena Pound, now part of the Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park. Born at Marlborough, Wiltshire on 8 May 1825, Price was the second son of Peninsula War veteran Captain David Molloy Price of the 36th Regiment, and Mary, \"nee\" Strong. His elder brother, who remained in England, was Dr. Richard Edmonds Price (1822-1900), M.R.C.S., a captain in the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry and a mayor of Marlborough. Seeking adventure and fortune in his own right, Price arrived in South Australia as a cabin passenger on the barque \"Fortitude\" in April 1842, just a month before his seventeenth birthday. The newly arrived youth became connected that same year with Charles Campbell, a livestock overlander from New South Wales. In January 1843 Campbell and Price took out an occupation licence for a grazing run in the Mid North of South Australia at Hill River, their resident stock keeper being William Roach. By 1844 Campbell and Price had parted, moving on to other interests. In the case of Price, he had soon expanded his pastoralist pursuits to include both the Mid North and Eyre Peninsula. Price eventually made his way over to nearby Booborowie Station, owned by brothers William Browne and John Browne, both medical doctors, also from Wiltshire, with whom he then began a lasting and intimate connection. He not only managed some of their pastoral interests, but also went into working partnerships with them. As well, years later, the Price and Browne families became related when Harry Price's daughter, Helen Mary, married to Leonard, eldest son of Dr William Browne.", "National Laboratory of Psychical Research The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in 1926 by Harry Price, at 16 Queensberry Place, London. Its aim was \"to investigate in a dispassionate manner and by purely scientific means every phase of psychic or alleged psychic phenomena\". The honorary president was Lord Sands, K.C., LL.D., acting president was H. G. Bois, and the honorary director was Harry Price. In 1930 the Laboratory moved from Queensberry Square, where it had been a tenant of the London Spiritualist Alliance to 13 Roland Gardens. In 1938, its library was transferred on loan to the University of London. The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was a rival to the Society for Psychical Research. Price had a number of disputes with the SPR, most notably over the mediumship of Rudi Schneider. Price paid mediums to test them, the SPR criticized Price and disagreed about paying mediums for testing. In 1934 the Laboratory was replaced by the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation (not an official body of the University) under the Chairmanship of C. E. M. Joad with Harry Price as Hon. Secretary. John Fl\u00fcgel, Cyril Burt, Cecil Alec Mace and Francis Aveling were members of the Council. Price suspended the operations of the Council in 1938. It was never revived. On October 7, 1930 it was claimed by spiritualists that Eileen J. Garrett made contact with the spirit of Herbert Carmichael Irwin at a s\u00e9ance held with Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research two days after the R101 disaster, while attempting to contact the then recently deceased Arthur Conan Doyle, and discussed possible causes of the accident. The event \"attracted worldwide attention\", thanks to the presence of a reporter.", "Underwood was much influenced by the work of Harry Price - the grandfather of ghost-hunting - and was particularly struck by Price's \u2018The End of Borley Rectory\u2019, which he read immediately when it was first published in 1946. Investigating Borley himself, he corresponded with Price about it. Price then invited Underwood to join the Ghost Club , of which he would later become President. During his investigations into the Borley Rectory case, over a period of years, Underwood traced and personally interviewed almost every living person who had been connected with what the press had dubbed the 'most haunted house in England'. He built up a volume of correspondence with paranormal investigator Harry Price and after Price's death, Paul Tabori would become literary executor of the Harry Price Estate, with whom Underwood worked with to publish all his research into Borley. (Price had written published two books about Borley- \"The Most Haunted House in England\" (1940), and \"The End of Borley Rectory\" (1946), from which Underwood 'compile[d] a really comprehensive index of the combined volumes'.) Underwood's published work changed the field of literature on the paranormal. For example, his much imitated \"Gazetteer of British Ghosts\" (1971) and \"Haunted London\" (1973) - previously unheard of comprehensive and well-researched surveys (or geographical dictionaries - gazetteers) - which, through their encyclopaedic thoroughness, imparted authority to Underwood as an author on the subject he devoted his life to - ghost hunting. They also encouraged others to use them as resources to use to visit the sites he investigated for themselves.", "Harry Price (disambiguation) Harry Price (1881\u20131948) was a British psychic researcher and author. Harry Price may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "Price was suspicious that the supposed spirit of the child was no different than a human being", "answer_start": 502}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Harry Price's Rosalie?", "answer": {"text": "Price claimed to have attended a private seance on 15 December 1937 in which a small six-year-old girl called Rosalie appeared.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she say or do?", "answer": {"text": "During the seance Price claimed a small girl emerged, she spoke and he took her pulse.", "answer_start": 415, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b266e36c145b4a1a9cd6eae0a45cf57e_0_q#3", "question": "Did it do anything to him?", "rewrite": "Did Rosalie do anything to Harry Price?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["A few reported phenomena were said to have existed before Price was called to the scene, but most of these stories seem to have originated from one of the residents of the rectory, Ethel Bull. Most former residents of the rectory claimed never to have seen anything unusual whilst they lived there. The first full-length independent biography of Harry Price, \"Harry Price: The Psychic Detective\" by former national newspaper journalist Richard Morris. Locally based Morris unearthed a mass of previously hidden information about Price which included the fact that he was a conman who left school at 16, and lived a double-life as a paper-bag salesman and as an expert on psychic matters rubbing shoulders with the rich and famous. Before settling on the subject of spiritualism, he had unsuccessfully attempted to pose as an archaeologist and as an expert on old coins. This has led all recent investigators of Borley Rectory to treat Harry Price's book with great caution. Price's investigation of Borley Rectory is the subject of a 2013 novel, dramatised by Neil Spring, The Ghost Hunters which tells the story through the eyes of Sarah Grey, Harry's secretary. Borley remains a place of great interest to 'psychic tourists' who frequently visit the village looking for the site of the long-gone rectory.", "National Laboratory of Psychical Research The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in 1926 by Harry Price, at 16 Queensberry Place, London. Its aim was \"to investigate in a dispassionate manner and by purely scientific means every phase of psychic or alleged psychic phenomena\". The honorary president was Lord Sands, K.C., LL.D., acting president was H. G. Bois, and the honorary director was Harry Price. In 1930 the Laboratory moved from Queensberry Square, where it had been a tenant of the London Spiritualist Alliance to 13 Roland Gardens. In 1938, its library was transferred on loan to the University of London. The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was a rival to the Society for Psychical Research. Price had a number of disputes with the SPR, most notably over the mediumship of Rudi Schneider. Price paid mediums to test them, the SPR criticized Price and disagreed about paying mediums for testing. In 1934 the Laboratory was replaced by the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation (not an official body of the University) under the Chairmanship of C. E. M. Joad with Harry Price as Hon. Secretary. John Fl\u00fcgel, Cyril Burt, Cecil Alec Mace and Francis Aveling were members of the Council. Price suspended the operations of the Council in 1938. It was never revived. On October 7, 1930 it was claimed by spiritualists that Eileen J. Garrett made contact with the spirit of Herbert Carmichael Irwin at a s\u00e9ance held with Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research two days after the R101 disaster, while attempting to contact the then recently deceased Arthur Conan Doyle, and discussed possible causes of the accident. The event \"attracted worldwide attention\", thanks to the presence of a reporter.", "Harry Price (Royal Navy seaman)  Harry Price DSM (1877 \u2013 June 1965) was an ordinary seaman of the Royal Navy. He became a well travelled figure, producing accounts and drawings of his travels, and publishing his account of the Royal cruise he was part of aboard the temporarily commissioned HMS \"Ophir\" in 1901. He served on a number of ships during the First World War, and later took up a number of occupations. Price was born in Birmingham in 1877, the son of parents who had moved from Wales. His father was a master builder in the city. His family produced a minor poet, and a member of the Royal Academy. Price and his family were also keen anglers and became expert coarse fishers, being dubbed the 'champion fishing family of Birmingham'. Price's artistic ability became pronounced and eventually noted. He was sent to the Birmingham School of Art, progressing rapidly through the school until he was told that his natural talent was such that they could not teach him anything. Dissatisfied with life in Birmingham, which he termed 'the land of bricks and mortar', he left home in 1893 and joined the Royal Navy. He only returned to Birmingham to attend his mother's funeral. Price joined the navy's training establishment HMS \"Britannia\", based at Devonport. He was a keen walker, taking with him his fishing rod and paints. During this time he discovered the village of Drewsteignton, and became so enamoured that he decided to settle there after his retirement from the navy. He was a keen patriot, but had joined the navy with the intention of 'seeing the world', and often rebelled against instances of harsh naval discipline. He briefly led a minor mutiny, but after it began to take on 'ugly proportions', he put an end to it. The naval authorities decided to pardon him.", "Harry Price (disambiguation) Harry Price (1881\u20131948) was a British psychic researcher and author. Harry Price may also refer to:", "Underwood was much influenced by the work of Harry Price - the grandfather of ghost-hunting - and was particularly struck by Price's \u2018The End of Borley Rectory\u2019, which he read immediately when it was first published in 1946. Investigating Borley himself, he corresponded with Price about it. Price then invited Underwood to join the Ghost Club , of which he would later become President. During his investigations into the Borley Rectory case, over a period of years, Underwood traced and personally interviewed almost every living person who had been connected with what the press had dubbed the 'most haunted house in England'. He built up a volume of correspondence with paranormal investigator Harry Price and after Price's death, Paul Tabori would become literary executor of the Harry Price Estate, with whom Underwood worked with to publish all his research into Borley. (Price had written published two books about Borley- \"The Most Haunted House in England\" (1940), and \"The End of Borley Rectory\" (1946), from which Underwood 'compile[d] a really comprehensive index of the combined volumes'.) Underwood's published work changed the field of literature on the paranormal. For example, his much imitated \"Gazetteer of British Ghosts\" (1971) and \"Haunted London\" (1973) - previously unheard of comprehensive and well-researched surveys (or geographical dictionaries - gazetteers) - which, through their encyclopaedic thoroughness, imparted authority to Underwood as an author on the subject he devoted his life to - ghost hunting. They also encouraged others to use them as resources to use to visit the sites he investigated for themselves."], "answer": {"text": "Price \"shaken to the core by his experience.\"", "answer_start": 1354}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Harry Price's Rosalie?", "answer": {"text": "Price claimed to have attended a private seance on 15 December 1937 in which a small six-year-old girl called Rosalie appeared.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she say or do?", "answer": {"text": "During the seance Price claimed a small girl emerged, she spoke and he took her pulse.", "answer_start": 415, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "Price was suspicious that the supposed spirit of the child was no different than a human being", "answer_start": 502, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b266e36c145b4a1a9cd6eae0a45cf57e_0_q#4", "question": "Did he write about this event?", "rewrite": "Did Harry Price write about his experience with Rosalie?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Minivac 601  Minivac 601 Digital Computer Kit was an electromechanical digital computer system created by information theory pioneer Claude Shannon as an educational toy using digital circuits. In 1961, the system was sold by Scientific Development Corporation's \"Consumer Products Division\", which was soon renamed as the \"Digital Equipment Division\". The Minivac 601 was originally housed in a blue-painted wooden case. It used DPDT electrical relays as logic switches and for temporary data storage. The main board had a six-bit binary input/output array, consisting of simple DPDT slide switches, SPDT pushbutton switches, and indicator lights. A 16-position motorized dial rotary switch could be used to input decimal or hexadecimal numbers, to output numbers, or to act as a clock signal generator. The components could be interconnected by manually inserting jumper wires fitted with tapered pin connectors into sockets on the main circuit board. The combined components just barely allowed the simple computer to play a winning game of Tic-Tac-Toe, or to simulate a simple elevator control system. An \"advanced and improved\" version called the Minivac 6010 was released in early 1962, housed in a gray metal case and featuring higher-quality components. It was supplied with additional patch cords incorporating special resistors, capacitors, and diodes for further capabilities. Although the price was also increased considerably, the system was more successfully sold to the corporate market, rather than as a toy. In 1962, the Scientific Development Corporation also advertised educational electronic kits based on analog electronics technology.", "Celtis tenuifolia Celtis tenuifolia, the dwarf hackberry or Georgia hackberry is a shrub or small tree 2 to 12 meters high. It is native to eastern North America, but is very uncommon north of the Ohio River. In Canada, dwarf hackberry is designated as threatened and protected under Canada's Species at Risk Act. The leaves are alternate, simple, blades 5 to 7 centimeters long, and 2 to 3.5 centimeters in width, shallowly toothed, and finely hairy. The winter buds are brown and hairy, similar to those of other hackberries, but smaller, only 1 to 2 centimeters long. Terminal buds absent. Flowers are monecious and unisexual, occurring either solitarily or in small clusters. This species is wind-pollinated and appears to be self-compatible. The fruit is a berry-like drupe, 5 to 8 millimeters in diameter, consisting of a single stone encased within a thin, sweet mesocarp. From green, it becomes a light orange, then a dark red, then purplish-brown. This edible mesocarp is composed of a smooth outer crust and a pulpy yellow inside. Dwarf hackberry is shade intolerant, drought tolerant and slow-growing. It grows in dry upland habitats, including open woodlands, alvars, and sandy near-shore habitats. It is usually not found among other hackberries, although when other hackberry species occur in proximity to dwarf hackberry, intermediate forms may occur. Like other \"Celtis\" species, this species is a moderate calciphile, and is often found growing in thin soil over limestone. Dispersal is primarily by birds although mammals are attracted by the sweet fruit and likely play a role in local dispersal.", "A few reported phenomena were said to have existed before Price was called to the scene, but most of these stories seem to have originated from one of the residents of the rectory, Ethel Bull. Most former residents of the rectory claimed never to have seen anything unusual whilst they lived there. The first full-length independent biography of Harry Price, \"Harry Price: The Psychic Detective\" by former national newspaper journalist Richard Morris. Locally based Morris unearthed a mass of previously hidden information about Price which included the fact that he was a conman who left school at 16, and lived a double-life as a paper-bag salesman and as an expert on psychic matters rubbing shoulders with the rich and famous. Before settling on the subject of spiritualism, he had unsuccessfully attempted to pose as an archaeologist and as an expert on old coins. This has led all recent investigators of Borley Rectory to treat Harry Price's book with great caution. Price's investigation of Borley Rectory is the subject of a 2013 novel, dramatised by Neil Spring, The Ghost Hunters which tells the story through the eyes of Sarah Grey, Harry's secretary. Borley remains a place of great interest to 'psychic tourists' who frequently visit the village looking for the site of the long-gone rectory.", "Underwood was much influenced by the work of Harry Price - the grandfather of ghost-hunting - and was particularly struck by Price's \u2018The End of Borley Rectory\u2019, which he read immediately when it was first published in 1946. Investigating Borley himself, he corresponded with Price about it. Price then invited Underwood to join the Ghost Club , of which he would later become President. During his investigations into the Borley Rectory case, over a period of years, Underwood traced and personally interviewed almost every living person who had been connected with what the press had dubbed the 'most haunted house in England'. He built up a volume of correspondence with paranormal investigator Harry Price and after Price's death, Paul Tabori would become literary executor of the Harry Price Estate, with whom Underwood worked with to publish all his research into Borley. (Price had written published two books about Borley- \"The Most Haunted House in England\" (1940), and \"The End of Borley Rectory\" (1946), from which Underwood 'compile[d] a really comprehensive index of the combined volumes'.) Underwood's published work changed the field of literature on the paranormal. For example, his much imitated \"Gazetteer of British Ghosts\" (1971) and \"Haunted London\" (1973) - previously unheard of comprehensive and well-researched surveys (or geographical dictionaries - gazetteers) - which, through their encyclopaedic thoroughness, imparted authority to Underwood as an author on the subject he devoted his life to - ghost hunting. They also encouraged others to use them as resources to use to visit the sites he investigated for themselves.", "National Laboratory of Psychical Research The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in 1926 by Harry Price, at 16 Queensberry Place, London. Its aim was \"to investigate in a dispassionate manner and by purely scientific means every phase of psychic or alleged psychic phenomena\". The honorary president was Lord Sands, K.C., LL.D., acting president was H. G. Bois, and the honorary director was Harry Price. In 1930 the Laboratory moved from Queensberry Square, where it had been a tenant of the London Spiritualist Alliance to 13 Roland Gardens. In 1938, its library was transferred on loan to the University of London. The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was a rival to the Society for Psychical Research. Price had a number of disputes with the SPR, most notably over the mediumship of Rudi Schneider. Price paid mediums to test them, the SPR criticized Price and disagreed about paying mediums for testing. In 1934 the Laboratory was replaced by the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation (not an official body of the University) under the Chairmanship of C. E. M. Joad with Harry Price as Hon. Secretary. John Fl\u00fcgel, Cyril Burt, Cecil Alec Mace and Francis Aveling were members of the Council. Price suspended the operations of the Council in 1938. It was never revived. On October 7, 1930 it was claimed by spiritualists that Eileen J. Garrett made contact with the spirit of Herbert Carmichael Irwin at a s\u00e9ance held with Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research two days after the R101 disaster, while attempting to contact the then recently deceased Arthur Conan Doyle, and discussed possible causes of the accident. The event \"attracted worldwide attention\", thanks to the presence of a reporter."], "answer": {"text": "Price's Fifty Years of Psychical Research (1939) describes his experiences at the sitting and includes a diagram of the seance room.", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Harry Price's Rosalie?", "answer": {"text": "Price claimed to have attended a private seance on 15 December 1937 in which a small six-year-old girl called Rosalie appeared.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she say or do?", "answer": {"text": "During the seance Price claimed a small girl emerged, she spoke and he took her pulse.", "answer_start": 415, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "Price was suspicious that the supposed spirit of the child was no different than a human being", "answer_start": 502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do anything to him?", "answer": {"text": "Price \"shaken to the core by his experience.\"", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b266e36c145b4a1a9cd6eae0a45cf57e_0_q#5", "question": "Was the book well recieved?", "rewrite": "Was Harry Price's book Fifty Years of Psychical Research (1939) well recieved?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although Joad never reverted to pacifism, he actively supported at least one conscientious objector during the war, leading to a pamphlet, \"The Present Position of Conscientious Objection\", published by the Central Board for Conscientious Objectors, 1944. Joad also opposed the continuation of conscription into peacetime, writing the pamphlet \"The Rational Approach to Conscription\", published by the No Conscription Council, 1947. Joad was interested in the paranormal, and partnered Harry Price on a number of ghost-hunting expeditions, also joining the Ghost Club, of which Price became the president. He involved himself in psychical research, travelling to the Harz Mountains to help Price to test whether the 'Bloksberg Tryst' would turn a male goat into a handsome prince at the behest of a maiden pure in heart; it did not. In 1934 he became Chairman of the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation, an unofficial committee formed by Price as a successor body to his National Laboratory of Psychical Research. In 1939, Joad's publications on psychical research were severely criticised in the \"Proceedings\" of the Society for Psychical Research. It was discovered that Joad was not present at s\u00e9ances he had claimed to have attended. Price later suspended the operations of the Council. Joad opposed the spiritualist hypothesis of mediumship. He debated the psychical researcher Shaw Desmond on spiritualism. He argued against immortality and spirit communication, preferring his \"mindlet\" hypothesis which held that bundle of ideas which were formerly regarded as the mind of the dead person may survive death for a temporal period of time. During the later years of his life he published articles on how extrasensory perception may fit into a Christian framework.", "Ren\u00e9 Sudre Ren\u00e9 Sudre (April 19, 1880 - 1968) was a French journalist, parapsychologist and writer. Sudre was born in Angoul\u00eame. He studied philosophy and science at the University of Poitiers and the University of Paris-Sorbonne. He worked as a commenter for Radiodiffusion Fran\u00e7aise (1926-1940) and contributed articles to the newspaper \"Journal des d\u00e9bats\" (1935-1940) and \"Revue des Deux Mondes\". He was Professor at L'Ecole des hautes Etudes Sociales (1931-1940). During 1921-1926 he worked at the Institut M\u00e9tapsychique International (IMI). Sudre came into dispute with the spiritualist orientation of the IMI as his books were critical of the spiritualist hypothesis of mediumship. In 1926, he was dismissed from the IMI by director Eug\u00e9ne Osty. Sudre was \"strongly anti-spiritualistic\". Ernesto Bozzano attempted to refute Sudre's arguments. His book \"Introduction \u00e0 la M\u00e9tapsychique Humaine\" (1926) attacked the spiritualist hypothesis and defended an animist position of creative forces similar to Henri Bergson. Sudre was a loyal friend of Harry Price. Price described him as \"the leading psychist in France.\" He was a member of the National Laboratory of Psychical Research. He was also a member of the Society for Psychical Research and contributed articles to the \"Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research\". He wrote book reviews for the \"Revue M\u00e9tapsychique\" (1921-1926). Sudre interpreted mental and physical phenomena of mediums as evidence for clairvoyance and psychic forces.", "National Laboratory of Psychical Research The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was established in 1926 by Harry Price, at 16 Queensberry Place, London. Its aim was \"to investigate in a dispassionate manner and by purely scientific means every phase of psychic or alleged psychic phenomena\". The honorary president was Lord Sands, K.C., LL.D., acting president was H. G. Bois, and the honorary director was Harry Price. In 1930 the Laboratory moved from Queensberry Square, where it had been a tenant of the London Spiritualist Alliance to 13 Roland Gardens. In 1938, its library was transferred on loan to the University of London. The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was a rival to the Society for Psychical Research. Price had a number of disputes with the SPR, most notably over the mediumship of Rudi Schneider. Price paid mediums to test them, the SPR criticized Price and disagreed about paying mediums for testing. In 1934 the Laboratory was replaced by the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation (not an official body of the University) under the Chairmanship of C. E. M. Joad with Harry Price as Hon. Secretary. John Fl\u00fcgel, Cyril Burt, Cecil Alec Mace and Francis Aveling were members of the Council. Price suspended the operations of the Council in 1938. It was never revived. On October 7, 1930 it was claimed by spiritualists that Eileen J. Garrett made contact with the spirit of Herbert Carmichael Irwin at a s\u00e9ance held with Price at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research two days after the R101 disaster, while attempting to contact the then recently deceased Arthur Conan Doyle, and discussed possible causes of the accident. The event \"attracted worldwide attention\", thanks to the presence of a reporter.", "Founded in London in 1862, its focus was the scientific study of alleged paranormal activities in order to prove (or refute) the existence of paranormal phenomena. Famous members of the club included Charles Dickens, Sir William Crookes, Sir William F. Barrett, and Harry Price. The Paris s\u00e9ances of Eusapia Palladino were attended by an enthusiastic Pierre Curie and a dubious Marie Curie. The celebrated New York City physician, John Franklin Gray, was a prominent spiritualist. The claims of Spiritualists and others as to the reality of spirits were investigated by the Society for Psychical Research, founded in London in 1882. The society set up a Committee on Haunted Houses. Prominent investigators who exposed cases of fraud came from a variety of backgrounds, including professional researchers such as Frank Podmore of the Society for Psychical Research and Harry Price of the National Laboratory of Psychical Research, and professional conjurers such as John Nevil Maskelyne. Maskelyne exposed the Davenport brothers by appearing in the audience during their shows and explaining how the trick was done. The psychical researcher Hereward Carrington exposed fraudulent mediums' tricks, such as those used in slate-writing, table-turning, trumpet mediumship, materializations, sealed-letter reading, and spirit photography. The skeptic Joseph McCabe, in his book \"Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud?\" (1920), documented many fraudulent mediums and their tricks. Magicians and writers on magic have a long history of exposing the fraudulent methods of mediumship. During the 1920s, professional magician Harry Houdini undertook a well-publicised campaign to expose fraudulent mediums; he was adamant that \"Up to the present time everything that I have investigated has been the result of deluded brains.", "Trevor H. Hall Trevor Henry Hall (1910\u20131991) was a British author, surveyor, and sceptic of paranormal phenomena. Hall made controversial claims regarding early members of the Society for Psychical Research. His books caused a heated controversy within the parapsychology community. Hall was born in Wakefield, England. He served as a major in the British army during World War II (1939\u201345) and became a senior partner of V. Walker and Son (chartered surveyors) (1945\u201380) , he was the vice president of the Huddersfield Building Society (1958\u201380). He had a deep interest in magic and mystery. Hall was a student in psychical research at Trinity College, Cambridge (1954\u201356). His knowledge of conjuring and magic helped him discover the tricks of mediums, many of whom had been caught in fraud. Hall was an ex-member and critic of the Society for Psychical Research and published a series of sceptical books on the paranormal and psychical research. He was a collector of magic books and was a member of The Magic Circle. He also wrote three books on the higher criticism of Sherlock Holmes. In his controversial book \"The Spiritualists\" (1962), Hall stated that the famous medium Florence Cook was a fraud who had an affair with the chemist and psychical researcher William Crookes. Hall drew upon Francis G. H. Anderson's statements to the Society for Psychical Research in 1922 and 1941. Anderson claimed to have had an affair with Cook himself, he also stated that she was a sexual maniac who confessed to having an affair with Crookes. In 1964, psychical researchers R. G. Medhurst and K. M. Goldney cast considerable doubt on the reliability of Anderson's testimony and dismissed Hall's allegations."], "answer": {"text": "Eric Dingwall and Trevor Hall wrote the Rosalie seance was fictitious and Price had lied", "answer_start": 938}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Harry Price's Rosalie?", "answer": {"text": "Price claimed to have attended a private seance on 15 December 1937 in which a small six-year-old girl called Rosalie appeared.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she say or do?", "answer": {"text": "During the seance Price claimed a small girl emerged, she spoke and he took her pulse.", "answer_start": 415, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "Price was suspicious that the supposed spirit of the child was no different than a human being", "answer_start": 502, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do anything to him?", "answer": {"text": "Price \"shaken to the core by his experience.\"", "answer_start": 1354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write about this event?", "answer": {"text": "Price's Fifty Years of Psychical Research (1939) describes his experiences at the sitting and includes a diagram of the seance room.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#0", "question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "rewrite": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In December 2002, Facal accepted a preliminary treasury board report that recommended a significant reduction in the size of cabinet and the elimination of several government agencies, some of which were described in the report as redundant. Facal did not run as a candidate in the 2003 general election. He said that his decision was not based on ideological differences with Landry's government and added that he would \"doubtlessly\" return to politics in the future. The Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois was defeated by Jean Charest's Liberals in the election that followed, and Facal formally resigned from cabinet with rest of the Landry ministry on 29 April 2003. He later wrote for the \"Journal de Montr\u00e9al\" and returned to teaching sociology and management at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales de Montr\u00e9al. Bernard Landry faced criticisms over his leadership after the 2003 election, and in August 2004 Pauline Marois challenged him to hold a leadership contest. Facal supported this, saying that the party needed a leadership contest to update its platform. Landry resigned as party leader in June 2005 after receiving only 76.2% support at a party convention. There were rumours that Facal would be a candidate in the leadership contest that followed, although he was not given strong odds of winning. He eventually decided to support Pauline Marois, who finished second to Andr\u00e9 Boisclair. Boisclair resigned as party leader following a poor performance in the 2007 general election. Facal was again considered as possible leadership candidate, but he again chose not to run and was still generally regarded as an ally of Marois, who won the leadership on her third attempt. During this period, Facal worked with former cabinet colleague Fran\u00e7ois Legault to propose a new PQ policy agenda focused on economic growth and the more gradual promotion of sovereignty.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "Also on 30 October, Anas Sarwar announced his resignation as deputy leader at a Scottish Labour fundraising dinner in Glasgow, triggering a deputy leadership election. Sarwar said that he disagreed with Lamont's assessment of UK Labour, and that he was stepping down because he felt that it was \"right that we have a concurrent leadership and deputy leadership election. This will allow a Scottish Labour party, its members and affiliates the opportunity to not only elect a leader, but a new leadership team focused on winning in 2016.\" Anas Sarwar announced details of the timetable for the contest on 26 October 2014, following a meeting of Scottish Labour's executive committee. Potential candidates would be invited to declare their interest from the following day, with nominations open from 31 October to 4 November. Balloting would begin on 17 November, and the announcement of the new leader would occur on 13 December. Sarwar said that voting would be held using the three-tier electoral college, in which three groups \u2013 individual party members, parliamentarians, and affiliated bodies such as trade unions \u2013 each make up a third of the electorate. Plans to change Scottish Labour's electoral system to a one-person, one-vote ballot like that of the UK Labour Party were under review at the time of the leadership contest, but as forging ahead with these changes before the election of a new Scottish leader would delay the process, the decision was taken to use the existing method instead. Explaining this decision on the day the contest was announced, Sarwar told BBC News, \"We have had unanimous agreement to get the balance right between moving quickly to elect a new leader and also allowing a period of time to have an open, frank and honest debate about the future direction of the Scottish Labour party. \" The deputy leadership contest followed the same timetable after Sarwar relinquished that role.", "2014 Scottish Labour Party leadership election The 2014 Scottish Labour Party leadership election was an internal party election to choose a new leader and deputy leader of the Scottish Labour Party, following the resignations of Johann Lamont as leader and Anas Sarwar as deputy. Lamont announced her decision in an interview with the \"Daily Record\" on 24 October, saying that she was stepping down effective immediately because the UK Labour Party treated the Scottish party as a \"branch office of London\". Lamont, who had won the 2011 leadership contest, thus becoming the first Scottish leader to have authority over Labour's Scottish MPs in the House of Commons as well as in the Scottish Parliament, was the second leader of a Scottish political party to resign in the wake of the 2014 independence referendum. Before her resignation, Alex Salmond announced his intention to relinquish the role of Scottish National Party (SNP) leader and First Minister. Sarwar announced his own resignation on 30 October, saying he felt it was right for the party to elect a new leadership team. Sarwar became interim leader following Lamont's resignation, and announced plans for the party to hold a leadership contest, with the winner to be announced on 13 December. Sarah Boyack became the first person to confirm that she would be standing as a candidate for party leader; she was subsequently joined by Neil Findlay and Jim Murphy. Katy Clark and Kezia Dugdale entered the deputy leadership race. Findlay was among those to call on former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown to enter the contest, but he ruled out doing so. Other senior Labour figures who decided not to put their names forward included Sarwar, Jackie Baillie, and Jenny Marra. Voting took place between 17 November and 10 December using the three-tier electoral college system, which gives parliamentarians, individual members, and affiliated bodies such as trade unions an equal say in the outcome.", "Accordingly, after taking legal advice and consulting with the Premier Orlando Smith the Governor, Augustus Jaspert, advised that it had been agreed that no separate by-election should be held, and the election would be held on or before 16 April 2019. The House of Assembly was dissolved on 23 January 2019 and an election date was immediately announced for 25 February 2019. Both of the main political parties which had contested the prior election had leadership contests, and in both cases the person who lost the leadership contest left to form their own party. Accordingly, in the 2019 election, there will be an unprecedented four different political parties with at least one sitting member contesting the general election. In June 2018 the Premier and leader of the National Democratic Party (NDP), Orlando Smith indicated he would be stepping down and not contesting the next general election. In the subsequent leadership contest the party chose Education Minister Myron Walwyn to lead the party into the next election. In the wake of Dr Smith's announced retirement, rumours of splits within the ruling National Democratic Party began to circulate almost immediately. Eventually Ronnie Skelton, runner up in the leadership contest, left to form his own political party, named the Progressive Virgin Islands Movement (PVIM). Second District Representative Melvin \"Mitch\" Turnbull also left the NDP to join Skelton, as did at-large representative, Archie Christian. Certain media houses began to sarcastically refer to the PVIM as \"NDP 2\". The Virgin Islands Party (VIP) also had a leadership contest, and the sitting leader, Julian Fraser, was ousted by the challenger, Andrew Fahie. Fraser subsequently announced he would leave the VIP and set up his own party, which he called Progressives United (PU)."], "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#1", "question": "What was the leadership contest?", "rewrite": "What was the 2005 leadership contest?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Accordingly, after taking legal advice and consulting with the Premier Orlando Smith the Governor, Augustus Jaspert, advised that it had been agreed that no separate by-election should be held, and the election would be held on or before 16 April 2019. The House of Assembly was dissolved on 23 January 2019 and an election date was immediately announced for 25 February 2019. Both of the main political parties which had contested the prior election had leadership contests, and in both cases the person who lost the leadership contest left to form their own party. Accordingly, in the 2019 election, there will be an unprecedented four different political parties with at least one sitting member contesting the general election. In June 2018 the Premier and leader of the National Democratic Party (NDP), Orlando Smith indicated he would be stepping down and not contesting the next general election. In the subsequent leadership contest the party chose Education Minister Myron Walwyn to lead the party into the next election. In the wake of Dr Smith's announced retirement, rumours of splits within the ruling National Democratic Party began to circulate almost immediately. Eventually Ronnie Skelton, runner up in the leadership contest, left to form his own political party, named the Progressive Virgin Islands Movement (PVIM). Second District Representative Melvin \"Mitch\" Turnbull also left the NDP to join Skelton, as did at-large representative, Archie Christian. Certain media houses began to sarcastically refer to the PVIM as \"NDP 2\". The Virgin Islands Party (VIP) also had a leadership contest, and the sitting leader, Julian Fraser, was ousted by the challenger, Andrew Fahie. Fraser subsequently announced he would leave the VIP and set up his own party, which he called Progressives United (PU).", "In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections.", "In December 2002, Facal accepted a preliminary treasury board report that recommended a significant reduction in the size of cabinet and the elimination of several government agencies, some of which were described in the report as redundant. Facal did not run as a candidate in the 2003 general election. He said that his decision was not based on ideological differences with Landry's government and added that he would \"doubtlessly\" return to politics in the future. The Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois was defeated by Jean Charest's Liberals in the election that followed, and Facal formally resigned from cabinet with rest of the Landry ministry on 29 April 2003. He later wrote for the \"Journal de Montr\u00e9al\" and returned to teaching sociology and management at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales de Montr\u00e9al. Bernard Landry faced criticisms over his leadership after the 2003 election, and in August 2004 Pauline Marois challenged him to hold a leadership contest. Facal supported this, saying that the party needed a leadership contest to update its platform. Landry resigned as party leader in June 2005 after receiving only 76.2% support at a party convention. There were rumours that Facal would be a candidate in the leadership contest that followed, although he was not given strong odds of winning. He eventually decided to support Pauline Marois, who finished second to Andr\u00e9 Boisclair. Boisclair resigned as party leader following a poor performance in the 2007 general election. Facal was again considered as possible leadership candidate, but he again chose not to run and was still generally regarded as an ally of Marois, who won the leadership on her third attempt. During this period, Facal worked with former cabinet colleague Fran\u00e7ois Legault to propose a new PQ policy agenda focused on economic growth and the more gradual promotion of sovereignty.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election."], "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#2", "question": "Did he run against anyone?", "rewrite": "Did David Davis (British politician) run against anyone in the 2005 leadership contest?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections.", "On 7 December 2005 he was moved to Shadow Defence Secretary by new Leader of the Opposition David Cameron. In September 2005, Fox announced he would join the contest to be the next leader of the Conservative party. His campaign theme for the 2005 leadership race was based on the \"broken society\" theme, which he said Conservatives could address by returning the emphasis to marriage and reforming welfare. In the initial ballot of Conservative MPs, on 18 October 2005, he gained enough support (42 votes) to enter the second ballot two days later. There he was eliminated with 51 votes in third place behind David Cameron (90 votes) and David Davis (57 votes). Cameron, who eventually won the leadership election, gave Fox the role of Shadow Defence Secretary. In late June 2016, Fox announced on LBC that he intended to run for the leadership of the Conservative party once again, after David Cameron resigned following the result of the EU referendum, in which Fox supported leaving the EU. During the announcement of his candidacy, he said that the UK should trigger Article 50 by the end of 2016 so it could leave the EU by 2019, specifying 1 January 2019 as the date on which the UK should leave. He stated that he would not allow freedom of movement to be considered as part of any alternative trade arrangement with the EU. Fox promised to increase defence spending, stating that he would particularly like to see \"an increase in the size of the Navy and our cyber capability\". He also promised to scrap HS2, spending the \u00a355 billion set aside for the project on regional train lines, cut taxes, cut welfare spending, create a new governmental department for \"trade and foreign affairs\" and review the aid budget. Fox was eliminated in the first ballot, finishing in last place with 16 votes. Theresa May went on to win the leadership and become Prime Minister and gave Fox the job of International Trade Secretary.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "David Davis Mansion The David Davis Mansion, also known as Clover Lawn, is a Victorian home in Bloomington, Illinois that was the residence of David Davis, Supreme Court justice (1862\u20131877) and Senator from Illinois. The mansion has been a state museum since 1960. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, David Davis Mansion was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois). Set in a residential neighborhood on Bloomington's near-south-side, the three-story yellow brick mansion comprises 36 rooms in an Italianate villa style. The mansion's lot includes an 1872 wood house, a barn and stable, privies, a foaling shed, carriage barn, and a flower and ornamental cutting garden. \" Sarah's Garden\", the Victorian cut flower garden, with original heirloom roses and perennials began restoration in 2001. Clover Lawn was built between 1870 and 1872 and is where Justice Davis lived until his death in 1886. Davis commissioned French-born architect Alfred H. Piquenard to design the mansion, which combines Italianate and Second Empire architectural features and is a model of mid-Victorian style and taste. Piquenard was a prominent Midwest architect who designed the State Capitol in Springfield. The home was meant as a residence for Davis' wife, Sarah. David Davis himself spent most of his time there after his retirement from the U.S. Senate in 1883. The house remained in the Davis family until 1960, when it was donated to the state of Illinois, which operates it as a state historic site. The home is open to the general public from Wednesday through Saturday. The home hosts many seasonal events including \"The Glorious Garden Festival\" and \"The Blessings of the Table\" at Thanksgiving.", "After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election."], "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#3", "question": "Was there any scandals?", "rewrite": "Was there any scandals in the 2005 leadership contest?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In December 2002, Facal accepted a preliminary treasury board report that recommended a significant reduction in the size of cabinet and the elimination of several government agencies, some of which were described in the report as redundant. Facal did not run as a candidate in the 2003 general election. He said that his decision was not based on ideological differences with Landry's government and added that he would \"doubtlessly\" return to politics in the future. The Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois was defeated by Jean Charest's Liberals in the election that followed, and Facal formally resigned from cabinet with rest of the Landry ministry on 29 April 2003. He later wrote for the \"Journal de Montr\u00e9al\" and returned to teaching sociology and management at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales de Montr\u00e9al. Bernard Landry faced criticisms over his leadership after the 2003 election, and in August 2004 Pauline Marois challenged him to hold a leadership contest. Facal supported this, saying that the party needed a leadership contest to update its platform. Landry resigned as party leader in June 2005 after receiving only 76.2% support at a party convention. There were rumours that Facal would be a candidate in the leadership contest that followed, although he was not given strong odds of winning. He eventually decided to support Pauline Marois, who finished second to Andr\u00e9 Boisclair. Boisclair resigned as party leader following a poor performance in the 2007 general election. Facal was again considered as possible leadership candidate, but he again chose not to run and was still generally regarded as an ally of Marois, who won the leadership on her third attempt. During this period, Facal worked with former cabinet colleague Fran\u00e7ois Legault to propose a new PQ policy agenda focused on economic growth and the more gradual promotion of sovereignty.", "After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections.", "Accordingly, after taking legal advice and consulting with the Premier Orlando Smith the Governor, Augustus Jaspert, advised that it had been agreed that no separate by-election should be held, and the election would be held on or before 16 April 2019. The House of Assembly was dissolved on 23 January 2019 and an election date was immediately announced for 25 February 2019. Both of the main political parties which had contested the prior election had leadership contests, and in both cases the person who lost the leadership contest left to form their own party. Accordingly, in the 2019 election, there will be an unprecedented four different political parties with at least one sitting member contesting the general election. In June 2018 the Premier and leader of the National Democratic Party (NDP), Orlando Smith indicated he would be stepping down and not contesting the next general election. In the subsequent leadership contest the party chose Education Minister Myron Walwyn to lead the party into the next election. In the wake of Dr Smith's announced retirement, rumours of splits within the ruling National Democratic Party began to circulate almost immediately. Eventually Ronnie Skelton, runner up in the leadership contest, left to form his own political party, named the Progressive Virgin Islands Movement (PVIM). Second District Representative Melvin \"Mitch\" Turnbull also left the NDP to join Skelton, as did at-large representative, Archie Christian. Certain media houses began to sarcastically refer to the PVIM as \"NDP 2\". The Virgin Islands Party (VIP) also had a leadership contest, and the sitting leader, Julian Fraser, was ousted by the challenger, Andrew Fahie. Fraser subsequently announced he would leave the VIP and set up his own party, which he called Progressives United (PU)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he run against anyone?", "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than David Davis in the 2005 leadership contest?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["David Davis Mansion The David Davis Mansion, also known as Clover Lawn, is a Victorian home in Bloomington, Illinois that was the residence of David Davis, Supreme Court justice (1862\u20131877) and Senator from Illinois. The mansion has been a state museum since 1960. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, David Davis Mansion was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois). Set in a residential neighborhood on Bloomington's near-south-side, the three-story yellow brick mansion comprises 36 rooms in an Italianate villa style. The mansion's lot includes an 1872 wood house, a barn and stable, privies, a foaling shed, carriage barn, and a flower and ornamental cutting garden. \" Sarah's Garden\", the Victorian cut flower garden, with original heirloom roses and perennials began restoration in 2001. Clover Lawn was built between 1870 and 1872 and is where Justice Davis lived until his death in 1886. Davis commissioned French-born architect Alfred H. Piquenard to design the mansion, which combines Italianate and Second Empire architectural features and is a model of mid-Victorian style and taste. Piquenard was a prominent Midwest architect who designed the State Capitol in Springfield. The home was meant as a residence for Davis' wife, Sarah. David Davis himself spent most of his time there after his retirement from the U.S. Senate in 1883. The house remained in the Davis family until 1960, when it was donated to the state of Illinois, which operates it as a state historic site. The home is open to the general public from Wednesday through Saturday. The home hosts many seasonal events including \"The Glorious Garden Festival\" and \"The Blessings of the Table\" at Thanksgiving.", "In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections.", "After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "On 7 December 2005 he was moved to Shadow Defence Secretary by new Leader of the Opposition David Cameron. In September 2005, Fox announced he would join the contest to be the next leader of the Conservative party. His campaign theme for the 2005 leadership race was based on the \"broken society\" theme, which he said Conservatives could address by returning the emphasis to marriage and reforming welfare. In the initial ballot of Conservative MPs, on 18 October 2005, he gained enough support (42 votes) to enter the second ballot two days later. There he was eliminated with 51 votes in third place behind David Cameron (90 votes) and David Davis (57 votes). Cameron, who eventually won the leadership election, gave Fox the role of Shadow Defence Secretary. In late June 2016, Fox announced on LBC that he intended to run for the leadership of the Conservative party once again, after David Cameron resigned following the result of the EU referendum, in which Fox supported leaving the EU. During the announcement of his candidacy, he said that the UK should trigger Article 50 by the end of 2016 so it could leave the EU by 2019, specifying 1 January 2019 as the date on which the UK should leave. He stated that he would not allow freedom of movement to be considered as part of any alternative trade arrangement with the EU. Fox promised to increase defence spending, stating that he would particularly like to see \"an increase in the size of the Navy and our cyber capability\". He also promised to scrap HS2, spending the \u00a355 billion set aside for the project on regional train lines, cut taxes, cut welfare spending, create a new governmental department for \"trade and foreign affairs\" and review the aid budget. Fox was eliminated in the first ballot, finishing in last place with 16 votes. Theresa May went on to win the leadership and become Prime Minister and gave Fox the job of International Trade Secretary."], "answer": {"text": "In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1513}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he run against anyone?", "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#5", "question": "Did he lose the elect", "rewrite": "Did David Davis lose the elect in the 2005 leadership contest", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election.", "David Davis Mansion The David Davis Mansion, also known as Clover Lawn, is a Victorian home in Bloomington, Illinois that was the residence of David Davis, Supreme Court justice (1862\u20131877) and Senator from Illinois. The mansion has been a state museum since 1960. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, David Davis Mansion was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois). Set in a residential neighborhood on Bloomington's near-south-side, the three-story yellow brick mansion comprises 36 rooms in an Italianate villa style. The mansion's lot includes an 1872 wood house, a barn and stable, privies, a foaling shed, carriage barn, and a flower and ornamental cutting garden. \" Sarah's Garden\", the Victorian cut flower garden, with original heirloom roses and perennials began restoration in 2001. Clover Lawn was built between 1870 and 1872 and is where Justice Davis lived until his death in 1886. Davis commissioned French-born architect Alfred H. Piquenard to design the mansion, which combines Italianate and Second Empire architectural features and is a model of mid-Victorian style and taste. Piquenard was a prominent Midwest architect who designed the State Capitol in Springfield. The home was meant as a residence for Davis' wife, Sarah. David Davis himself spent most of his time there after his retirement from the U.S. Senate in 1883. The house remained in the Davis family until 1960, when it was donated to the state of Illinois, which operates it as a state historic site. The home is open to the general public from Wednesday through Saturday. The home hosts many seasonal events including \"The Glorious Garden Festival\" and \"The Blessings of the Table\" at Thanksgiving.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "On 7 December 2005 he was moved to Shadow Defence Secretary by new Leader of the Opposition David Cameron. In September 2005, Fox announced he would join the contest to be the next leader of the Conservative party. His campaign theme for the 2005 leadership race was based on the \"broken society\" theme, which he said Conservatives could address by returning the emphasis to marriage and reforming welfare. In the initial ballot of Conservative MPs, on 18 October 2005, he gained enough support (42 votes) to enter the second ballot two days later. There he was eliminated with 51 votes in third place behind David Cameron (90 votes) and David Davis (57 votes). Cameron, who eventually won the leadership election, gave Fox the role of Shadow Defence Secretary. In late June 2016, Fox announced on LBC that he intended to run for the leadership of the Conservative party once again, after David Cameron resigned following the result of the EU referendum, in which Fox supported leaving the EU. During the announcement of his candidacy, he said that the UK should trigger Article 50 by the end of 2016 so it could leave the EU by 2019, specifying 1 January 2019 as the date on which the UK should leave. He stated that he would not allow freedom of movement to be considered as part of any alternative trade arrangement with the EU. Fox promised to increase defence spending, stating that he would particularly like to see \"an increase in the size of the Navy and our cyber capability\". He also promised to scrap HS2, spending the \u00a355 billion set aside for the project on regional train lines, cut taxes, cut welfare spending, create a new governmental department for \"trade and foreign affairs\" and review the aid budget. Fox was eliminated in the first ballot, finishing in last place with 16 votes. Theresa May went on to win the leadership and become Prime Minister and gave Fox the job of International Trade Secretary.", "In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections."], "answer": {"text": "Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1635}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he run against anyone?", "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#6", "question": "What happened after that?", "rewrite": "What happened after David Davis lost the 2005 leadership contest?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 7 December 2005 he was moved to Shadow Defence Secretary by new Leader of the Opposition David Cameron. In September 2005, Fox announced he would join the contest to be the next leader of the Conservative party. His campaign theme for the 2005 leadership race was based on the \"broken society\" theme, which he said Conservatives could address by returning the emphasis to marriage and reforming welfare. In the initial ballot of Conservative MPs, on 18 October 2005, he gained enough support (42 votes) to enter the second ballot two days later. There he was eliminated with 51 votes in third place behind David Cameron (90 votes) and David Davis (57 votes). Cameron, who eventually won the leadership election, gave Fox the role of Shadow Defence Secretary. In late June 2016, Fox announced on LBC that he intended to run for the leadership of the Conservative party once again, after David Cameron resigned following the result of the EU referendum, in which Fox supported leaving the EU. During the announcement of his candidacy, he said that the UK should trigger Article 50 by the end of 2016 so it could leave the EU by 2019, specifying 1 January 2019 as the date on which the UK should leave. He stated that he would not allow freedom of movement to be considered as part of any alternative trade arrangement with the EU. Fox promised to increase defence spending, stating that he would particularly like to see \"an increase in the size of the Navy and our cyber capability\". He also promised to scrap HS2, spending the \u00a355 billion set aside for the project on regional train lines, cut taxes, cut welfare spending, create a new governmental department for \"trade and foreign affairs\" and review the aid budget. Fox was eliminated in the first ballot, finishing in last place with 16 votes. Theresa May went on to win the leadership and become Prime Minister and gave Fox the job of International Trade Secretary.", "In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections.", "After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "Chris Davis (fighter) Chris Davis (born November 18, 1982) is an American mixed martial artist from Gadsden, Alabama. A professional mixed martial artist since 2008 , Davis spent the majority of his earlier fights is smaller organizations, where he would face the likes of Jeremy Horn and Vinny Magalh\u00e3es. By April 23, 2010, Davis had compiled a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. Davis signed with Bellator in February 2011. Davis took part in the season four light-heavyweight tournament quarterfinal at Bellator 38 against Christian M'Pumbu. He lost the fight via TKO at 3:34 in round 3. Over a year later, Davis would return to the Bellator cage when he faced seasoned veteran Travis Wiuff at Bellator 71. Davis lost the fight via TKO in the first round. After his short stint in Bellator, Davis faced William Hill at Rogue Warrior Championships 3 on September 6, 2012. Davis lost the fight via TKO in the first round. Davis next faced Teddy Holder at Strike Hard Productions 28 on August 10, 2013. Davis lost the fight via TKO in the first round, marking Davis' fourth consecutive loss via form of TKO."], "answer": {"text": "Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader,", "answer_start": 1689}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he run against anyone?", "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he lose the elect", "answer": {"text": "Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1635, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#7", "question": "Did he stay in any form of politics after this?", "rewrite": "Did David Davis stay in any form of politics after the 2005 leadership contest?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On 7 December 2005 he was moved to Shadow Defence Secretary by new Leader of the Opposition David Cameron. In September 2005, Fox announced he would join the contest to be the next leader of the Conservative party. His campaign theme for the 2005 leadership race was based on the \"broken society\" theme, which he said Conservatives could address by returning the emphasis to marriage and reforming welfare. In the initial ballot of Conservative MPs, on 18 October 2005, he gained enough support (42 votes) to enter the second ballot two days later. There he was eliminated with 51 votes in third place behind David Cameron (90 votes) and David Davis (57 votes). Cameron, who eventually won the leadership election, gave Fox the role of Shadow Defence Secretary. In late June 2016, Fox announced on LBC that he intended to run for the leadership of the Conservative party once again, after David Cameron resigned following the result of the EU referendum, in which Fox supported leaving the EU. During the announcement of his candidacy, he said that the UK should trigger Article 50 by the end of 2016 so it could leave the EU by 2019, specifying 1 January 2019 as the date on which the UK should leave. He stated that he would not allow freedom of movement to be considered as part of any alternative trade arrangement with the EU. Fox promised to increase defence spending, stating that he would particularly like to see \"an increase in the size of the Navy and our cyber capability\". He also promised to scrap HS2, spending the \u00a355 billion set aside for the project on regional train lines, cut taxes, cut welfare spending, create a new governmental department for \"trade and foreign affairs\" and review the aid budget. Fox was eliminated in the first ballot, finishing in last place with 16 votes. Theresa May went on to win the leadership and become Prime Minister and gave Fox the job of International Trade Secretary.", "David Davis Mansion The David Davis Mansion, also known as Clover Lawn, is a Victorian home in Bloomington, Illinois that was the residence of David Davis, Supreme Court justice (1862\u20131877) and Senator from Illinois. The mansion has been a state museum since 1960. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, David Davis Mansion was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois). Set in a residential neighborhood on Bloomington's near-south-side, the three-story yellow brick mansion comprises 36 rooms in an Italianate villa style. The mansion's lot includes an 1872 wood house, a barn and stable, privies, a foaling shed, carriage barn, and a flower and ornamental cutting garden. \" Sarah's Garden\", the Victorian cut flower garden, with original heirloom roses and perennials began restoration in 2001. Clover Lawn was built between 1870 and 1872 and is where Justice Davis lived until his death in 1886. Davis commissioned French-born architect Alfred H. Piquenard to design the mansion, which combines Italianate and Second Empire architectural features and is a model of mid-Victorian style and taste. Piquenard was a prominent Midwest architect who designed the State Capitol in Springfield. The home was meant as a residence for Davis' wife, Sarah. David Davis himself spent most of his time there after his retirement from the U.S. Senate in 1883. The house remained in the Davis family until 1960, when it was donated to the state of Illinois, which operates it as a state historic site. The home is open to the general public from Wednesday through Saturday. The home hosts many seasonal events including \"The Glorious Garden Festival\" and \"The Blessings of the Table\" at Thanksgiving.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections.", "After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election."], "answer": {"text": "Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "answer_start": 1832}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he run against anyone?", "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he lose the elect", "answer": {"text": "Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader,", "answer_start": 1689, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#8", "question": "What else seems very interesting to you?", "rewrite": "What else seems very interesting to you other than the loss of the 2005 leadership contest by David Davis?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the Conservative landslide defeat at the 1997 general election, she served as Shadow Health Secretary between 1998\u20131999 and later as Shadow Home Secretary from 1999 to 2001 under the leadership of William Hague. During the 2001 Conservative leadership election, she could not find sufficient support amongst Conservative MPs for her leadership candidacy. She first supported Michael Ancram, who was eliminated in the first round, and then Kenneth Clarke, who lost in the final round. She afterwards declined to serve in Iain Duncan Smith's Shadow Cabinet (although she indicated on the television programme \"When Louis Met...\", prior to the leadership contest, that she wished to retire to the backbenches anyway). In the 2005 leadership election, she initially supported Kenneth Clarke again. Once he was eliminated, she turned support towards Liam Fox. Following Fox's subsequent elimination, she took time to reflect before finally declaring for David Davis. She expressed reservations over the eventual winner David Cameron, feeling that he did not, like the other candidates, have a proven track record, and she was later a leading figure in parliamentary opposition to his A-List policy, which she has said is \"an insult to women\". At the October 2006 Conservative Conference, she was Chief Dragon in a political version of the television programme \"Dragons' Den\", in which A-list candidates were invited to put forward a policy proposal, which was then torn apart by her team of Rachel Elnaugh, Oliver Letwin and Michael Brown. In an interview with \"Metro\" in September 2006 she stated that if Parliament were of a normal length, it was likely she would retire at the next general election. She confirmed her intention to stand down to \"The Observer\"'s Pendennis diary in September 2007, and again in October 2007 after Prime Minister Gordon Brown quashed speculation of an autumn 2007 general election.", "In January 2008, Wheeler brought an action against the government, represented by the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, and the Foreign Secretary, David Miliband, over the government's process of ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. The action sought to prevent the government from completing ratification of the treaty, on the grounds that it was illegal for a government to breach the public's legitimate expectation of adherence to manifesto and other commitments. The government, along with the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, had pledged in their 2005 manifestos to hold a referendum on the European Constitution, which Wheeler holds does not have 'significant or material differences' from the Treaty of Lisbon. This action failed. Wheeler was seen as belonging to the right wing of the Conservative Party. He supported Liam Fox in the 2005 leadership contest, and switched his support to David Davis against David Cameron in the final run-off. He was initially critical of the leadership of David Cameron during its first few months. On 28 March 2009, Wheeler donated \u00a3100,000 to the UK Independence Party (UKIP) after criticising David Cameron's stance towards the Treaty of Lisbon and the European Union. He said, \"If they kick me out I will understand. I will be very sorry about it but it won't alter my stance. \" The following day he was expelled from the Conservative Party. On 29 March 2010, Wheeler announced that he was forming a new political party to be called the Trust Party and that he would run for the Bexhill and Battle seat. The seat was won by Gregory Barker for the Conservatives, but Wheeler polled 4.9% and therefore lost his deposit. The new party also fielded a candidate in Perth and North Perthshire, where it won 1.1% of the vote. In 2011, Wheeler was appointed treasurer of UKIP to spearhead fundraising in advance of the 2014 European elections.", "At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet). Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: \"William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well.\" In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with David Cameron. In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity. Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader, Davis losing with 64,398 votes against Cameron's 134,446 votes. Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "David Davis Mansion The David Davis Mansion, also known as Clover Lawn, is a Victorian home in Bloomington, Illinois that was the residence of David Davis, Supreme Court justice (1862\u20131877) and Senator from Illinois. The mansion has been a state museum since 1960. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1975.. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, David Davis Mansion was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois). Set in a residential neighborhood on Bloomington's near-south-side, the three-story yellow brick mansion comprises 36 rooms in an Italianate villa style. The mansion's lot includes an 1872 wood house, a barn and stable, privies, a foaling shed, carriage barn, and a flower and ornamental cutting garden. \" Sarah's Garden\", the Victorian cut flower garden, with original heirloom roses and perennials began restoration in 2001. Clover Lawn was built between 1870 and 1872 and is where Justice Davis lived until his death in 1886. Davis commissioned French-born architect Alfred H. Piquenard to design the mansion, which combines Italianate and Second Empire architectural features and is a model of mid-Victorian style and taste. Piquenard was a prominent Midwest architect who designed the State Capitol in Springfield. The home was meant as a residence for Davis' wife, Sarah. David Davis himself spent most of his time there after his retirement from the U.S. Senate in 1883. The house remained in the Davis family until 1960, when it was donated to the state of Illinois, which operates it as a state historic site. The home is open to the general public from Wednesday through Saturday. The home hosts many seasonal events including \"The Glorious Garden Festival\" and \"The Blessings of the Table\" at Thanksgiving.", "On 7 December 2005 he was moved to Shadow Defence Secretary by new Leader of the Opposition David Cameron. In September 2005, Fox announced he would join the contest to be the next leader of the Conservative party. His campaign theme for the 2005 leadership race was based on the \"broken society\" theme, which he said Conservatives could address by returning the emphasis to marriage and reforming welfare. In the initial ballot of Conservative MPs, on 18 October 2005, he gained enough support (42 votes) to enter the second ballot two days later. There he was eliminated with 51 votes in third place behind David Cameron (90 votes) and David Davis (57 votes). Cameron, who eventually won the leadership election, gave Fox the role of Shadow Defence Secretary. In late June 2016, Fox announced on LBC that he intended to run for the leadership of the Conservative party once again, after David Cameron resigned following the result of the EU referendum, in which Fox supported leaving the EU. During the announcement of his candidacy, he said that the UK should trigger Article 50 by the end of 2016 so it could leave the EU by 2019, specifying 1 January 2019 as the date on which the UK should leave. He stated that he would not allow freedom of movement to be considered as part of any alternative trade arrangement with the EU. Fox promised to increase defence spending, stating that he would particularly like to see \"an increase in the size of the Navy and our cyber capability\". He also promised to scrap HS2, spending the \u00a355 billion set aside for the project on regional train lines, cut taxes, cut welfare spending, create a new governmental department for \"trade and foreign affairs\" and review the aid budget. Fox was eliminated in the first ballot, finishing in last place with 16 votes. Theresa May went on to win the leadership and become Prime Minister and gave Fox the job of International Trade Secretary."], "answer": {"text": "In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters,", "answer_start": 959}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he run against anyone?", "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he lose the elect", "answer": {"text": "Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader,", "answer_start": 1689, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he stay in any form of politics after this?", "answer": {"text": "Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "answer_start": 1832, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c5b540af083f4803b718e9024ab74541_0_q#9", "question": "What happened with this vote?", "rewrite": "What happened with the vote on 18 Octover 2005?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["April Winchell April Winchell Foley (born January 4, 1960) is an American actress, voice actress, writer, talk radio host and commentator. As of 1996, she is the official voice of Clarabelle Cow in the Disney franchise. Winchell is the daughter of Paul Winchell. Winchell was born April Terri Winchell in New York City, New York on January 4, 1960. Winchell's projects include the role of Sylvia in \"Wander Over Yonder,\" a Disney animated series featuring Jack McBrayer in the title role. Created by \"The Powerpuff Girls\" producers Craig McCracken and Lauren Faust, the show chronicles the adventures of \"Wander\" and his trusty (and cynical) steed Sylvia, as they travel the universe. The program premiered on the Disney Channel in September 2013. As a voice actress, she has been heard in hundreds of animated television programs, such as \"Goof Troop\" (Peg Pete), \"Recess\" (as Mrs. Muriel Finster), \"Disney's House of Mouse\" and \"Mickey Mouse Clubhouse\" (as Clarabelle Cow), \"Bonkers\" (as Lucky's wife, Dyl Piquel), \"Pepper Ann\" (as Pepper Ann's mom, Lydia Pearson), and \"Kids from Room 402\" (as Miss Gracie Graves the School teacher, along with a number of other characters that appear on the show), \"The Legend of Tarzan\" (taking over for Rosie O'Donnell as Terk), \"\" (as Cruella De Vil), \"\" (as Molly Mange), \"Robot and Monster\", \"Phineas & Ferb\" and \"Kim Possible\". She has also voiced roles in numerous films, including \"Antz\",", "MacDonald appears to have never felt comfortable with some aspects of Calvinist doctrine, feeling that its principles were inherently \"unfair\"; when the doctrine of predestination was first explained to him, he burst into tears (although assured that he was one of the elect). Later novels, such as \"Robert Falconer\" and \"Lilith\", show a distaste for the idea that God's electing love is limited to some and denied to others. Chesterton noted that only a man who had \"escaped\" Calvinism could say that God is easy to please and hard to satisfy. MacDonald rejected the doctrine of penal substitutionary atonement as developed by John Calvin, which argues that Christ has taken the place of sinners and is punished by the wrath of God in their place, believing that in turn it raised serious questions about the character and nature of God. Instead, he taught that Christ had come to save people from their sins, and not from a Divine penalty for their sins: the problem was not the need to appease a wrathful God, but the disease of cosmic evil itself. MacDonald frequently described the atonement in terms similar to the Christus Victor theory. MacDonald posed the rhetorical question, \"Did he not foil and slay evil by letting all the waves and billows of its horrid sea break upon him, go over him, and die without rebound\u2014spend their rage, fall defeated, and cease? Verily, he made atonement!\" MacDonald was convinced that God does not punish except to amend, and that the sole end of His greatest anger is the amelioration of the guilty. As the doctor uses fire and steel in certain deep-seated diseases, so God may use hell-fire if necessary to heal the hardened sinner.", "While most Democrats were united behind a decrease in tariff rates, most Republicans held that high tariff rates were useful for protecting domestic manufacturing and factory workers against foreign competition. Shortly before Wilson took office, the Sixteenth Amendment, which had been proposed by Congress in 1909 during a debate over tariff legislation, was ratified by the requisite number of states. Following the ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment, Democratic leaders agreed to attach an income tax provision to their tariff reduction bill, partly to make up for lost revenue, and partly to shift the burden of funding the government towards the high earners that would be subject to the income tax. By late May 1913, House Majority Leader Oscar Underwood had passed a bill in the House that cut the average tariff rate by 10 percent. Underwood's bill, which represented the largest downward revision of the tariff since the Civil War, aggressively cut rates for raw materials, goods deemed to be \"necessities,\" and products produced domestically by trusts, but it retained higher tariff rates for luxury goods. The bill also instituted a tax on personal income above $4,000. Passage of Underwood's tariff bill in the Senate would prove more difficult than in the House, partially because some Southern and Western Democrats favored the continued protection of the wool and sugar industries, and partially because Democrats had a narrower majority in that chamber. Seeking to marshal support for the tariff bill, Wilson met extensively with Democratic senators and appealed directly to the people through the press. After weeks of hearings and debate, Wilson and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan managed to unite Senate Democrats behind the bill. The Senate voted 44 to 37 in favor of the bill, with only one Democrat voting against it and only one Republican, progressive leader Robert M. La Follette Sr., voting for it. Wilson signed the Revenue Act of 1913 into law on October 3, 1913.", "In 2004, Urban Xchange regrouped as Parking Lot Pimp and signed with EMI Music Southeast Asia who released their album, Welcome To Our Frequency. After a year, Fernandez, along with Munir Alsagoff and Trisno Ishak, left Parking Lot Pimp. At the end of 2010, Fernandez became part of audio-visual collective, Syndicate, performing with veteran hip-hop producer/DJ, Kiat, at the opening day of the infamous Gilles Peterson Worldwide Festival 2011 in Sete, France. In September that same year, she performed with veteran producer Jason Tan at the Singapore leg of the Worldwide Festival. The duo, known as Octover, released their album on the Syndicate imprint in January 2013. In 2014, Fernandez released the album \" Use Me\" on the Groove Note record label that has also released albums of another Singapore singer, Jacintha Abisheganaden. Recorded in Los Angeles at the famous Ocean Way recording studio, \"Use Me\" consists of covers of songs by Curtis Mayfield, Bill Withers and Al Green, among others. Fernandez also performed at the Singapore leg of the St Jerome's Laneway Festival, alongside James Blake, Syndicate's Gema and The Observatory. In 2015, Fernandez plans to release a new EP under her Vandetta moniker. In 2005, Fernandez completed her diploma in Mass Communication and was scouted by Mediacorp Radio\u2019s 987fm to become a producer/presenter. Over 4 years Fernandez hosted several shows including 987Stripped, and co-hosted the morning drive time show with former 987fm deejays, Daniel Ong, Mister Young and later, Divian Nair. In 2010, she left Mediacorp Radio\u2019s 987fm to return to pursuing music full-time. In 2010, Fernandez joined online radio station sonar.sg.", ", Les Perkins voiced Mr. Toad, Mary Radford voiced Hyacinth Hippo from \"Fantasia\", Nancy Cartwright voiced the toon shoe, Cherry Davis voiced Woody Woodpecker, Peter Westy voiced Pinocchio, and Frank Welker voiced Dumbo. Animation director Richard Williams voiced Droopy. April Winchell voiced Mrs. Herman and the \"baby noises\". David Lander voiced Smart Ass, Fred Newman voices Stupid, and June Foray voiced Wheezy and Lena Hyena, a toon who resembles Jessica and provides a comical role which shows her falling for Eddie and pursuing him. The main characters of the film are Roger Rabbit, a cartoon rabbit, his cartoon-human wife, Jessica, and human detective Eddie Valiant and Toon (in human disguise) villain Judge Doom. Other characters in the film include: Baby Herman is Roger's major co-star in the animated shorts in which they appear. He is Roger's best friend. His \"mother\", Mrs. Herman (voiced by April Winchell), makes an appearance at the beginning of the film and its spin-off short films, but she is only shown from the waist down. Baby Herman and Roger Rabbit comprised an Abbott and Costello-like comedy team for the fictitious Maroon Cartoons studio in the 1940s. A typical Roger/Baby Herman cartoon consists of Roger being given responsibility for Baby Herman's well-being; Baby Herman immediately begins crawling through a number of dangerous situations from which Roger must rescue him. In the process, Roger suffers inventive physical injuries and humiliations reminiscent of those in classic Tex Avery cartoons, while Baby Herman remains unscathed. For both book adaptations, Baby Herman was murdered, leaving behind a doppelganger for Eddie to help solve the crime. In the film, Baby Herman's role was downplayed."], "answer": {"text": "As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum.", "answer_start": 1049}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened in the leadership contest in 2005", "answer": {"text": "David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the leadership contest?", "answer": {"text": "the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he run against anyone?", "answer": {"text": "former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke", "answer_start": 1185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any scandals?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he lose the elect", "answer": {"text": "Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.", "answer_start": 1635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened after that?", "answer": {"text": "Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader,", "answer_start": 1689, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he stay in any form of politics after this?", "answer": {"text": "Cameron chose to re-appoint his rival as Shadow Home Secretary following his victory.", "answer_start": 1832, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else seems very interesting to you?", "answer": {"text": "In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters,", "answer_start": 959, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b2046550e77c4ca9bbbcc7a3d5a4a3c8_0_q#0", "question": "What was the taxpayer protection pledge?", "rewrite": "What was the taxpayer protection pledge?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Previous Nevada governors were also interviewed and they said that they felt it was necessary that they spent most of their time in the office. Gibbons' dedication to his office was called into question again six months later. On April 2, 2009, while appearing before a legislative panel to promote his renewable energy bill, Gibbons pulled out his cellphone and began texting. News stories used this incident to revisit the 860 messages he sent to his alleged paramour, and a 37-second video of him introducing himself to the panel, with a 17-second break in order to send the text message and refocus on the hearing was posted on YouTube. Polling conducted in June 2008 indicated an all-time low 10% approval rating, with 59% disapproving by the \"Las Vegas Review-Journal\". Prior to running for Governor of Nevada, Gibbons signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge (tax pledge) that is promoted at the national level by Americans for Tax Reform and at the state level by Citizen Outreach PAC\u2014whose CEO is Chuck Muth. On at least three separate occasions, Americans for Tax Reform and/or Muth took Gibbons to task for breaking the tax pledge. Each time, in addition to the actual violation of the pledge, they had to correct the record about Gibbons' \"misinformation\", \"fibs\", \"falsehoods\" and \"doublespeak\". Muth even went as far to say \"the non-stop parsing and telling of falsehoods about breaking the Pledge are worse than breaking the Pledge itself\". In its April 2010 report, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), a left-of-center organization, named Gibbons one of 11 \"worst governors\" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Gibbons term as governor and his time in Congress. Some of Gibbons' ethics lapses cited by CREW include:", "Prior to the November 2012 election, 238 of 242 House Republicans and 41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", in which the pledger promises to \"oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business; and to oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits, unless matched dollar for dollar by further reducing tax rates.\" The November 6, 2012 elections resulted in a decline in the number of Taxpayer Protection Pledge signatories in both the upper and lower houses of the 113th Congress: from 41 to 39 in the Senate, and from 238 to \"fewer than ... 218\" in the House of Representatives. According to journalist Alex Seitz-Wald, losses in the election by Norquist supporters and the \"fiscal cliff\" have emboldened and made more vocal critics of Norquist. In November 2011, Senate Majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) blamed Norquist's influence for the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction's lack of progress, claiming that Congressional Republicans \"are being led like puppets by Grover Norquist. They're giving speeches that we should compromise on our deficit, but never do they compromise on Grover Norquist. He is their leader.\" Since Norquist's pledge binds signatories to opposing deficit reduction agreements that include any element of increased tax revenue, some Republican deficit hawks now retired from office have stated that Norquist has become an obstacle to deficit reduction. Former Republican Senator Alan Simpson (R-WY), co-chairman of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, has been particularly critical, describing Norquist's position as \"[n]o taxes, under any situation, even if your country goes to hell.\"", "Americans for Tax Reform Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is a politically conservative U.S. advocacy group whose stated goal is \"a system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today.\" According to ATR, \"The government's power to control one's life derives from its power to tax. We believe that power should be minimized. \" The organization is known for its \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", which asks candidates for federal and state office to commit themselves in writing to oppose all tax increases. The founder and president of ATR is Grover Norquist, a conservative tax activist. Americans for Tax Reform is a 501(c)(4) organization with 14 employees, finances of $3,912,958, and a membership of 60,000 (as of 2004). It was founded by Grover Norquist in 1985. The associated educational wing is the Americans for Tax Reform Foundation, which is classified as a 501(c)(3) research and educational organization. The purpose of both entities is to educate and/or lobby against all tax increases. Americans for Tax Reform is an associate member of the State Policy Network, a U.S. national network of free-market oriented think tanks. Americans for Tax Reform is a grantee of the Donors Trust, a nonprofit donor-advised fund. Since 1986, ATR has sponsored the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, a written promise by legislators and candidates for office that commits them to oppose tax increases. All candidates for state and federal office, and all incumbents are offered the Pledge. Nearly 1,400 elected officials, from state representatives, to governors, to US Senators, have signed the Pledge. There are separate versions at the national and state level. In the version for the U.S. House of Representatives, the signer pledges to:", "Kingston signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge by the Americans for Tax Reform, and in 2009 he was named a \"Taxpayer Hero\" by the Council for Citizens Against Government Waste for his votes to reduce government spending and taxes. In 2010 Kingston signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any Global Warming legislation that would raise taxes. Kingston is a supporter of Medicare prescription drug coverage. He has voted to allow HMOs to be sued, and also to limit damages and shorten time limits for medical lawsuits. In 2010, he voted against the Affordable Care Act, asserting the bill would raise premiums, taxes, and cut Medicare. Kingston has voted to bar the EPA from regulating greenhouse gases, and voted to add pollutants to the Clean Water Act. He has voted against tax incentives for renewable energy and in favor of opening the Outer Continental Shelf to oil drilling. Kingston voted to loosen restrictions on interstate gun purchases and to allow veterans to register unlicensed guns acquired abroad. Kingston sponsored legislation in 1999 to authorize the expansion of the Savannah harbor in order to accommodate larger vessels. Regarding the extension of the House work week from 3 days to 5 in 2006, Kingston commented, \"Keeping us up here eats away at families. Marriages suffer. The Democrats could care less about families \u2013 that's what this says. \" He added, \"Time away from Washington is just as important to being an effective member of Congress as time spent in the Capitol. When I'm here, people call me Mr. Congressman. When I'm home, people call me 'Jack, you stupid SOB, why did you vote that way?' It keeps me grounded.\"", "In the version for state legislators, the signer pledges that:  In the 112th Congress serving in years 2011 and 2012, all but six of the 242 Republican members plus two Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives, for a total of 238 \u2013 a majority of that body \u2013 as well as all but seven of the 47 Republican members plus one Democratic member of the U.S. Senate, for a total of 41, have signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. All except 13 sitting Republicans have signed the pledge, while three Democrats have signed it (outgoing-Sen. Ben Nelson (NE) and House members Robert Andrews (NJ) and Ben Chandler (KY)). ATR's president Grover Norquist has written about the importance of the \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" for many publications including \"Human Events\" in June 2010. In this article, Norquist writes,  Raising taxes is what politicians do when they don't have the strength to actually govern. The taxpayer protection pledge was created in 1986 by Americans for Tax Reform as part of the effort to protect the lower marginal tax rates of Reagan's Tax Reform Act of 1986. It has grown in importance as one of the few black-and-white, yes or no , answers that politicians are forced to give to voters before they ask for their vote. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and individual Democratic candidates began attacking \"The Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" and its signers during the 2010 cycle with charges that the pledge protected tax breaks for companies shipping jobs overseas. The first appearance of the argument arose in the HI-01 special election. Americans for Tax Reform responded by calling the attack ad \"blatantly false.\" They pointed out that the Pledge does not prohibit any deduction or credit from being eliminated."], "answer": {"text": "oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business;", "answer_start": 183}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b2046550e77c4ca9bbbcc7a3d5a4a3c8_0_q#1", "question": "When was the pledge put in place?", "rewrite": "When was the taxpayer protection pledge put in place?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On October 14, 2009, Franks joined with three other members of Congress in calling for the investigation of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) over allegations of trying to plant \"spies\" based on a CAIR memo indicating that the group planned to \"develop national initiatives such as Lobby Day\" and place \"Muslim interns in Congressional offices. \" The request followed publication of the book \"Muslim Mafia\". Representative Sue Myrick had written the foreword, which characterized CAIR as subversive and aligned with terrorists. CAIR countered that these initiatives are extensively used by all advocacy groups and accused Franks and his colleagues of intending to intimidate American Muslims who \"take part in the political process and exercise their rights.\" Franks signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. In 2010, Franks voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. He received high approval ratings from the Small Business and Entrepreneurship Council. In November 2011, he voted to pass H.R. 2930, which authorizes crowdfunding for small businesses. In 2009, Franks signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any global warming legislation that would raise taxes. He opposed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, saying \"the thought of Americans' health care decisions being put into the hands of an unimaginably large bureaucracy is a frightening prospect.\" He was not supported by American Public Health Association or the Children's Health Fund. In September 2009, he called President Barack Obama an \"enemy of humanity\" with his spokesperson later clarifying the remarks were in response to President Obama's position on abortion. In a 2010 interview, discussing the legacy of slavery which Franks described as a \"crushing mark on America's soul\", the congressman said, \"Half of all black children are aborted.", "In the version for state legislators, the signer pledges that:  In the 112th Congress serving in years 2011 and 2012, all but six of the 242 Republican members plus two Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives, for a total of 238 \u2013 a majority of that body \u2013 as well as all but seven of the 47 Republican members plus one Democratic member of the U.S. Senate, for a total of 41, have signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. All except 13 sitting Republicans have signed the pledge, while three Democrats have signed it (outgoing-Sen. Ben Nelson (NE) and House members Robert Andrews (NJ) and Ben Chandler (KY)). ATR's president Grover Norquist has written about the importance of the \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" for many publications including \"Human Events\" in June 2010. In this article, Norquist writes,  Raising taxes is what politicians do when they don't have the strength to actually govern. The taxpayer protection pledge was created in 1986 by Americans for Tax Reform as part of the effort to protect the lower marginal tax rates of Reagan's Tax Reform Act of 1986. It has grown in importance as one of the few black-and-white, yes or no , answers that politicians are forced to give to voters before they ask for their vote. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and individual Democratic candidates began attacking \"The Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" and its signers during the 2010 cycle with charges that the pledge protected tax breaks for companies shipping jobs overseas. The first appearance of the argument arose in the HI-01 special election. Americans for Tax Reform responded by calling the attack ad \"blatantly false.\" They pointed out that the Pledge does not prohibit any deduction or credit from being eliminated.", "Previous Nevada governors were also interviewed and they said that they felt it was necessary that they spent most of their time in the office. Gibbons' dedication to his office was called into question again six months later. On April 2, 2009, while appearing before a legislative panel to promote his renewable energy bill, Gibbons pulled out his cellphone and began texting. News stories used this incident to revisit the 860 messages he sent to his alleged paramour, and a 37-second video of him introducing himself to the panel, with a 17-second break in order to send the text message and refocus on the hearing was posted on YouTube. Polling conducted in June 2008 indicated an all-time low 10% approval rating, with 59% disapproving by the \"Las Vegas Review-Journal\". Prior to running for Governor of Nevada, Gibbons signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge (tax pledge) that is promoted at the national level by Americans for Tax Reform and at the state level by Citizen Outreach PAC\u2014whose CEO is Chuck Muth. On at least three separate occasions, Americans for Tax Reform and/or Muth took Gibbons to task for breaking the tax pledge. Each time, in addition to the actual violation of the pledge, they had to correct the record about Gibbons' \"misinformation\", \"fibs\", \"falsehoods\" and \"doublespeak\". Muth even went as far to say \"the non-stop parsing and telling of falsehoods about breaking the Pledge are worse than breaking the Pledge itself\". In its April 2010 report, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), a left-of-center organization, named Gibbons one of 11 \"worst governors\" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Gibbons term as governor and his time in Congress. Some of Gibbons' ethics lapses cited by CREW include:", "Prior to the November 2012 election, 238 of 242 House Republicans and 41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", in which the pledger promises to \"oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business; and to oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits, unless matched dollar for dollar by further reducing tax rates.\" The November 6, 2012 elections resulted in a decline in the number of Taxpayer Protection Pledge signatories in both the upper and lower houses of the 113th Congress: from 41 to 39 in the Senate, and from 238 to \"fewer than ... 218\" in the House of Representatives. According to journalist Alex Seitz-Wald, losses in the election by Norquist supporters and the \"fiscal cliff\" have emboldened and made more vocal critics of Norquist. In November 2011, Senate Majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) blamed Norquist's influence for the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction's lack of progress, claiming that Congressional Republicans \"are being led like puppets by Grover Norquist. They're giving speeches that we should compromise on our deficit, but never do they compromise on Grover Norquist. He is their leader.\" Since Norquist's pledge binds signatories to opposing deficit reduction agreements that include any element of increased tax revenue, some Republican deficit hawks now retired from office have stated that Norquist has become an obstacle to deficit reduction. Former Republican Senator Alan Simpson (R-WY), co-chairman of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, has been particularly critical, describing Norquist's position as \"[n]o taxes, under any situation, even if your country goes to hell.\"", "Americans for Tax Reform Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is a politically conservative U.S. advocacy group whose stated goal is \"a system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today.\" According to ATR, \"The government's power to control one's life derives from its power to tax. We believe that power should be minimized. \" The organization is known for its \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", which asks candidates for federal and state office to commit themselves in writing to oppose all tax increases. The founder and president of ATR is Grover Norquist, a conservative tax activist. Americans for Tax Reform is a 501(c)(4) organization with 14 employees, finances of $3,912,958, and a membership of 60,000 (as of 2004). It was founded by Grover Norquist in 1985. The associated educational wing is the Americans for Tax Reform Foundation, which is classified as a 501(c)(3) research and educational organization. The purpose of both entities is to educate and/or lobby against all tax increases. Americans for Tax Reform is an associate member of the State Policy Network, a U.S. national network of free-market oriented think tanks. Americans for Tax Reform is a grantee of the Donors Trust, a nonprofit donor-advised fund. Since 1986, ATR has sponsored the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, a written promise by legislators and candidates for office that commits them to oppose tax increases. All candidates for state and federal office, and all incumbents are offered the Pledge. Nearly 1,400 elected officials, from state representatives, to governors, to US Senators, have signed the Pledge. There are separate versions at the national and state level. In the version for the U.S. House of Representatives, the signer pledges to:"], "answer": {"text": "2012", "answer_start": 22}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the taxpayer protection pledge?", "answer": {"text": "oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business;", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b2046550e77c4ca9bbbcc7a3d5a4a3c8_0_q#2", "question": "Who passed the pledge?", "rewrite": "Who passed the taxpayer protection pledge?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the version for state legislators, the signer pledges that:  In the 112th Congress serving in years 2011 and 2012, all but six of the 242 Republican members plus two Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives, for a total of 238 \u2013 a majority of that body \u2013 as well as all but seven of the 47 Republican members plus one Democratic member of the U.S. Senate, for a total of 41, have signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. All except 13 sitting Republicans have signed the pledge, while three Democrats have signed it (outgoing-Sen. Ben Nelson (NE) and House members Robert Andrews (NJ) and Ben Chandler (KY)). ATR's president Grover Norquist has written about the importance of the \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" for many publications including \"Human Events\" in June 2010. In this article, Norquist writes,  Raising taxes is what politicians do when they don't have the strength to actually govern. The taxpayer protection pledge was created in 1986 by Americans for Tax Reform as part of the effort to protect the lower marginal tax rates of Reagan's Tax Reform Act of 1986. It has grown in importance as one of the few black-and-white, yes or no , answers that politicians are forced to give to voters before they ask for their vote. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and individual Democratic candidates began attacking \"The Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" and its signers during the 2010 cycle with charges that the pledge protected tax breaks for companies shipping jobs overseas. The first appearance of the argument arose in the HI-01 special election. Americans for Tax Reform responded by calling the attack ad \"blatantly false.\" They pointed out that the Pledge does not prohibit any deduction or credit from being eliminated.", "Kingston signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge by the Americans for Tax Reform, and in 2009 he was named a \"Taxpayer Hero\" by the Council for Citizens Against Government Waste for his votes to reduce government spending and taxes. In 2010 Kingston signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any Global Warming legislation that would raise taxes. Kingston is a supporter of Medicare prescription drug coverage. He has voted to allow HMOs to be sued, and also to limit damages and shorten time limits for medical lawsuits. In 2010, he voted against the Affordable Care Act, asserting the bill would raise premiums, taxes, and cut Medicare. Kingston has voted to bar the EPA from regulating greenhouse gases, and voted to add pollutants to the Clean Water Act. He has voted against tax incentives for renewable energy and in favor of opening the Outer Continental Shelf to oil drilling. Kingston voted to loosen restrictions on interstate gun purchases and to allow veterans to register unlicensed guns acquired abroad. Kingston sponsored legislation in 1999 to authorize the expansion of the Savannah harbor in order to accommodate larger vessels. Regarding the extension of the House work week from 3 days to 5 in 2006, Kingston commented, \"Keeping us up here eats away at families. Marriages suffer. The Democrats could care less about families \u2013 that's what this says. \" He added, \"Time away from Washington is just as important to being an effective member of Congress as time spent in the Capitol. When I'm here, people call me Mr. Congressman. When I'm home, people call me 'Jack, you stupid SOB, why did you vote that way?' It keeps me grounded.\"", "Prior to the November 2012 election, 238 of 242 House Republicans and 41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", in which the pledger promises to \"oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business; and to oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits, unless matched dollar for dollar by further reducing tax rates.\" The November 6, 2012 elections resulted in a decline in the number of Taxpayer Protection Pledge signatories in both the upper and lower houses of the 113th Congress: from 41 to 39 in the Senate, and from 238 to \"fewer than ... 218\" in the House of Representatives. According to journalist Alex Seitz-Wald, losses in the election by Norquist supporters and the \"fiscal cliff\" have emboldened and made more vocal critics of Norquist. In November 2011, Senate Majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) blamed Norquist's influence for the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction's lack of progress, claiming that Congressional Republicans \"are being led like puppets by Grover Norquist. They're giving speeches that we should compromise on our deficit, but never do they compromise on Grover Norquist. He is their leader.\" Since Norquist's pledge binds signatories to opposing deficit reduction agreements that include any element of increased tax revenue, some Republican deficit hawks now retired from office have stated that Norquist has become an obstacle to deficit reduction. Former Republican Senator Alan Simpson (R-WY), co-chairman of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, has been particularly critical, describing Norquist's position as \"[n]o taxes, under any situation, even if your country goes to hell.\"", "Americans for Tax Reform Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is a politically conservative U.S. advocacy group whose stated goal is \"a system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today.\" According to ATR, \"The government's power to control one's life derives from its power to tax. We believe that power should be minimized. \" The organization is known for its \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", which asks candidates for federal and state office to commit themselves in writing to oppose all tax increases. The founder and president of ATR is Grover Norquist, a conservative tax activist. Americans for Tax Reform is a 501(c)(4) organization with 14 employees, finances of $3,912,958, and a membership of 60,000 (as of 2004). It was founded by Grover Norquist in 1985. The associated educational wing is the Americans for Tax Reform Foundation, which is classified as a 501(c)(3) research and educational organization. The purpose of both entities is to educate and/or lobby against all tax increases. Americans for Tax Reform is an associate member of the State Policy Network, a U.S. national network of free-market oriented think tanks. Americans for Tax Reform is a grantee of the Donors Trust, a nonprofit donor-advised fund. Since 1986, ATR has sponsored the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, a written promise by legislators and candidates for office that commits them to oppose tax increases. All candidates for state and federal office, and all incumbents are offered the Pledge. Nearly 1,400 elected officials, from state representatives, to governors, to US Senators, have signed the Pledge. There are separate versions at the national and state level. In the version for the U.S. House of Representatives, the signer pledges to:", "Previous Nevada governors were also interviewed and they said that they felt it was necessary that they spent most of their time in the office. Gibbons' dedication to his office was called into question again six months later. On April 2, 2009, while appearing before a legislative panel to promote his renewable energy bill, Gibbons pulled out his cellphone and began texting. News stories used this incident to revisit the 860 messages he sent to his alleged paramour, and a 37-second video of him introducing himself to the panel, with a 17-second break in order to send the text message and refocus on the hearing was posted on YouTube. Polling conducted in June 2008 indicated an all-time low 10% approval rating, with 59% disapproving by the \"Las Vegas Review-Journal\". Prior to running for Governor of Nevada, Gibbons signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge (tax pledge) that is promoted at the national level by Americans for Tax Reform and at the state level by Citizen Outreach PAC\u2014whose CEO is Chuck Muth. On at least three separate occasions, Americans for Tax Reform and/or Muth took Gibbons to task for breaking the tax pledge. Each time, in addition to the actual violation of the pledge, they had to correct the record about Gibbons' \"misinformation\", \"fibs\", \"falsehoods\" and \"doublespeak\". Muth even went as far to say \"the non-stop parsing and telling of falsehoods about breaking the Pledge are worse than breaking the Pledge itself\". In its April 2010 report, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), a left-of-center organization, named Gibbons one of 11 \"worst governors\" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Gibbons term as governor and his time in Congress. Some of Gibbons' ethics lapses cited by CREW include:"], "answer": {"text": "41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's", "answer_start": 70}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the taxpayer protection pledge?", "answer": {"text": "oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business;", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the pledge put in place?", "answer": {"text": "2012", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b2046550e77c4ca9bbbcc7a3d5a4a3c8_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the Taxpayer Protection Pledge?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the version for state legislators, the signer pledges that:  In the 112th Congress serving in years 2011 and 2012, all but six of the 242 Republican members plus two Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives, for a total of 238 \u2013 a majority of that body \u2013 as well as all but seven of the 47 Republican members plus one Democratic member of the U.S. Senate, for a total of 41, have signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. All except 13 sitting Republicans have signed the pledge, while three Democrats have signed it (outgoing-Sen. Ben Nelson (NE) and House members Robert Andrews (NJ) and Ben Chandler (KY)). ATR's president Grover Norquist has written about the importance of the \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" for many publications including \"Human Events\" in June 2010. In this article, Norquist writes,  Raising taxes is what politicians do when they don't have the strength to actually govern. The taxpayer protection pledge was created in 1986 by Americans for Tax Reform as part of the effort to protect the lower marginal tax rates of Reagan's Tax Reform Act of 1986. It has grown in importance as one of the few black-and-white, yes or no , answers that politicians are forced to give to voters before they ask for their vote. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and individual Democratic candidates began attacking \"The Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" and its signers during the 2010 cycle with charges that the pledge protected tax breaks for companies shipping jobs overseas. The first appearance of the argument arose in the HI-01 special election. Americans for Tax Reform responded by calling the attack ad \"blatantly false.\" They pointed out that the Pledge does not prohibit any deduction or credit from being eliminated.", "Americans for Tax Reform Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is a politically conservative U.S. advocacy group whose stated goal is \"a system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today.\" According to ATR, \"The government's power to control one's life derives from its power to tax. We believe that power should be minimized. \" The organization is known for its \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", which asks candidates for federal and state office to commit themselves in writing to oppose all tax increases. The founder and president of ATR is Grover Norquist, a conservative tax activist. Americans for Tax Reform is a 501(c)(4) organization with 14 employees, finances of $3,912,958, and a membership of 60,000 (as of 2004). It was founded by Grover Norquist in 1985. The associated educational wing is the Americans for Tax Reform Foundation, which is classified as a 501(c)(3) research and educational organization. The purpose of both entities is to educate and/or lobby against all tax increases. Americans for Tax Reform is an associate member of the State Policy Network, a U.S. national network of free-market oriented think tanks. Americans for Tax Reform is a grantee of the Donors Trust, a nonprofit donor-advised fund. Since 1986, ATR has sponsored the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, a written promise by legislators and candidates for office that commits them to oppose tax increases. All candidates for state and federal office, and all incumbents are offered the Pledge. Nearly 1,400 elected officials, from state representatives, to governors, to US Senators, have signed the Pledge. There are separate versions at the national and state level. In the version for the U.S. House of Representatives, the signer pledges to:", "Prior to the November 2012 election, 238 of 242 House Republicans and 41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", in which the pledger promises to \"oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business; and to oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits, unless matched dollar for dollar by further reducing tax rates.\" The November 6, 2012 elections resulted in a decline in the number of Taxpayer Protection Pledge signatories in both the upper and lower houses of the 113th Congress: from 41 to 39 in the Senate, and from 238 to \"fewer than ... 218\" in the House of Representatives. According to journalist Alex Seitz-Wald, losses in the election by Norquist supporters and the \"fiscal cliff\" have emboldened and made more vocal critics of Norquist. In November 2011, Senate Majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) blamed Norquist's influence for the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction's lack of progress, claiming that Congressional Republicans \"are being led like puppets by Grover Norquist. They're giving speeches that we should compromise on our deficit, but never do they compromise on Grover Norquist. He is their leader.\" Since Norquist's pledge binds signatories to opposing deficit reduction agreements that include any element of increased tax revenue, some Republican deficit hawks now retired from office have stated that Norquist has become an obstacle to deficit reduction. Former Republican Senator Alan Simpson (R-WY), co-chairman of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, has been particularly critical, describing Norquist's position as \"[n]o taxes, under any situation, even if your country goes to hell.\"", "He has signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, a pledge never to increase taxes or revenue. Guinta supports \"broad-based\" tax reforms that \"lower taxes for all Americans\", and simplifications to ensure that average Americans can fill out their own tax forms. He supports reforms to automatic spending programs. Guinta has opposed the automatic cuts required by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (the \"sequester\") that affect defense spending, out of concern for employment at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Guinta organized multiple job fairs in New Hampshire. One such fair, on November 10, 2011 at Manchester Community College, was oriented toward unemployed veterans; it assembled representatives from 40 employers to discuss employment opportunities, and representatives from one dozen organizations to explain services available to veterans. On energy, Guinta has favored an \"all-of-the-above\" energy approach encompassing both fossil fuels and alternative energy sources. Guinta has favored authorization of the Keystone XL Pipeline to expand oil access, help control the price of oil, and create jobs. On July 22, 2012, CREDO activists, joined by Occupy movement members, staged a protest at Manchester's Northeast Delta Dental Stadium, where Guinta was holding a fund-raiser. Guinta describes himself as pro-life. While in Congress, Guinta voted for the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act. Guinta says Social Security reform is needed in order to make the program solvent. He has said that said both parties need to negotiate without any preconceived notions.", "Previous Nevada governors were also interviewed and they said that they felt it was necessary that they spent most of their time in the office. Gibbons' dedication to his office was called into question again six months later. On April 2, 2009, while appearing before a legislative panel to promote his renewable energy bill, Gibbons pulled out his cellphone and began texting. News stories used this incident to revisit the 860 messages he sent to his alleged paramour, and a 37-second video of him introducing himself to the panel, with a 17-second break in order to send the text message and refocus on the hearing was posted on YouTube. Polling conducted in June 2008 indicated an all-time low 10% approval rating, with 59% disapproving by the \"Las Vegas Review-Journal\". Prior to running for Governor of Nevada, Gibbons signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge (tax pledge) that is promoted at the national level by Americans for Tax Reform and at the state level by Citizen Outreach PAC\u2014whose CEO is Chuck Muth. On at least three separate occasions, Americans for Tax Reform and/or Muth took Gibbons to task for breaking the tax pledge. Each time, in addition to the actual violation of the pledge, they had to correct the record about Gibbons' \"misinformation\", \"fibs\", \"falsehoods\" and \"doublespeak\". Muth even went as far to say \"the non-stop parsing and telling of falsehoods about breaking the Pledge are worse than breaking the Pledge itself\". In its April 2010 report, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), a left-of-center organization, named Gibbons one of 11 \"worst governors\" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Gibbons term as governor and his time in Congress. Some of Gibbons' ethics lapses cited by CREW include:"], "answer": {"text": "The November 6, 2012 elections resulted in a decline in the number of Taxpayer Protection Pledge signatories in both the upper and lower houses", "answer_start": 420}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the taxpayer protection pledge?", "answer": {"text": "oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business;", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the pledge put in place?", "answer": {"text": "2012", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who passed the pledge?", "answer": {"text": "41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b2046550e77c4ca9bbbcc7a3d5a4a3c8_0_q#4", "question": "Was there anything else significant about the pledge?", "rewrite": "Was there anything else significant about the Taxpayer Protection pledge besides the 2012 elections?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the version for state legislators, the signer pledges that:  In the 112th Congress serving in years 2011 and 2012, all but six of the 242 Republican members plus two Democratic members of the U.S. House of Representatives, for a total of 238 \u2013 a majority of that body \u2013 as well as all but seven of the 47 Republican members plus one Democratic member of the U.S. Senate, for a total of 41, have signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. All except 13 sitting Republicans have signed the pledge, while three Democrats have signed it (outgoing-Sen. Ben Nelson (NE) and House members Robert Andrews (NJ) and Ben Chandler (KY)). ATR's president Grover Norquist has written about the importance of the \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" for many publications including \"Human Events\" in June 2010. In this article, Norquist writes,  Raising taxes is what politicians do when they don't have the strength to actually govern. The taxpayer protection pledge was created in 1986 by Americans for Tax Reform as part of the effort to protect the lower marginal tax rates of Reagan's Tax Reform Act of 1986. It has grown in importance as one of the few black-and-white, yes or no , answers that politicians are forced to give to voters before they ask for their vote. The Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and individual Democratic candidates began attacking \"The Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" and its signers during the 2010 cycle with charges that the pledge protected tax breaks for companies shipping jobs overseas. The first appearance of the argument arose in the HI-01 special election. Americans for Tax Reform responded by calling the attack ad \"blatantly false.\" They pointed out that the Pledge does not prohibit any deduction or credit from being eliminated.", "Americans for Tax Reform Americans for Tax Reform (ATR) is a politically conservative U.S. advocacy group whose stated goal is \"a system in which taxes are simpler, flatter, more visible, and lower than they are today.\" According to ATR, \"The government's power to control one's life derives from its power to tax. We believe that power should be minimized. \" The organization is known for its \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", which asks candidates for federal and state office to commit themselves in writing to oppose all tax increases. The founder and president of ATR is Grover Norquist, a conservative tax activist. Americans for Tax Reform is a 501(c)(4) organization with 14 employees, finances of $3,912,958, and a membership of 60,000 (as of 2004). It was founded by Grover Norquist in 1985. The associated educational wing is the Americans for Tax Reform Foundation, which is classified as a 501(c)(3) research and educational organization. The purpose of both entities is to educate and/or lobby against all tax increases. Americans for Tax Reform is an associate member of the State Policy Network, a U.S. national network of free-market oriented think tanks. Americans for Tax Reform is a grantee of the Donors Trust, a nonprofit donor-advised fund. Since 1986, ATR has sponsored the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, a written promise by legislators and candidates for office that commits them to oppose tax increases. All candidates for state and federal office, and all incumbents are offered the Pledge. Nearly 1,400 elected officials, from state representatives, to governors, to US Senators, have signed the Pledge. There are separate versions at the national and state level. In the version for the U.S. House of Representatives, the signer pledges to:", "TTR has also hosted its own events such as a 2010 celebration commemorating the anniversary of the signing of the United States Constitution at the Constitutional Convention in 1787, in cooperation with other Tennessee groups. TTR has engaged in a variety of efforts to educate and inform Tennessee citizens and lawmakers. Its web site hosts a page titled as the \"Taxpayer Information Center\" which contains an extensive directory of hyperlinks to online resources relating to Tennessee local and state government, Tennsessee politics, blogs, and other information sources, however as of 2012 many of the links are broken. In 2011 Mr. Cunningham was a guest speaker at a paid event held by several other state organizations and described as a conservative \"grassroots legislative training\" session. TTR has sponsored an ongoing effort to persuade state legislators, officials, and candidates to sign a \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\" promising not to raise taxes. The organization has also sponsored polls of Tennessee voters on various issues. Various candidates over the years have received support from TTR. A 2002 press release presented a long list of endorsements in state elections. Edward Glenn Bryant, former U.S. Representative from Tennessee, was supported by TTR during his unsuccessful 2006 bid for a Tennessee U.S. Senate seat. In 2005 TTR gave a \"Taxpayer Hero Award\" to State Representative Donna Rowland and anointed the City of Memphis the booby prize winner of the \"Tennessee Tax Bowl\" for having the highest combined county and municipal tax rate in the state. The Tennessee Alliance for Progress invited Mr. Cunningham as a panelist in a 2005 \"Ethics Town Hall Meeting\" concerning transparency and accessibility of state government. In 2006 TTR spearheaded a successful effort and petition drive to amend the Nashville city charter requiring any increase in property taxes to be approved by voters. Since 2008 a project of TTR has been monitoring the budgeting process for a planned convention center to be constructed in Nashville.", "Previous Nevada governors were also interviewed and they said that they felt it was necessary that they spent most of their time in the office. Gibbons' dedication to his office was called into question again six months later. On April 2, 2009, while appearing before a legislative panel to promote his renewable energy bill, Gibbons pulled out his cellphone and began texting. News stories used this incident to revisit the 860 messages he sent to his alleged paramour, and a 37-second video of him introducing himself to the panel, with a 17-second break in order to send the text message and refocus on the hearing was posted on YouTube. Polling conducted in June 2008 indicated an all-time low 10% approval rating, with 59% disapproving by the \"Las Vegas Review-Journal\". Prior to running for Governor of Nevada, Gibbons signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge (tax pledge) that is promoted at the national level by Americans for Tax Reform and at the state level by Citizen Outreach PAC\u2014whose CEO is Chuck Muth. On at least three separate occasions, Americans for Tax Reform and/or Muth took Gibbons to task for breaking the tax pledge. Each time, in addition to the actual violation of the pledge, they had to correct the record about Gibbons' \"misinformation\", \"fibs\", \"falsehoods\" and \"doublespeak\". Muth even went as far to say \"the non-stop parsing and telling of falsehoods about breaking the Pledge are worse than breaking the Pledge itself\". In its April 2010 report, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), a left-of-center organization, named Gibbons one of 11 \"worst governors\" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Gibbons term as governor and his time in Congress. Some of Gibbons' ethics lapses cited by CREW include:", "Prior to the November 2012 election, 238 of 242 House Republicans and 41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's \"Taxpayer Protection Pledge\", in which the pledger promises to \"oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business; and to oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits, unless matched dollar for dollar by further reducing tax rates.\" The November 6, 2012 elections resulted in a decline in the number of Taxpayer Protection Pledge signatories in both the upper and lower houses of the 113th Congress: from 41 to 39 in the Senate, and from 238 to \"fewer than ... 218\" in the House of Representatives. According to journalist Alex Seitz-Wald, losses in the election by Norquist supporters and the \"fiscal cliff\" have emboldened and made more vocal critics of Norquist. In November 2011, Senate Majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) blamed Norquist's influence for the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction's lack of progress, claiming that Congressional Republicans \"are being led like puppets by Grover Norquist. They're giving speeches that we should compromise on our deficit, but never do they compromise on Grover Norquist. He is their leader.\" Since Norquist's pledge binds signatories to opposing deficit reduction agreements that include any element of increased tax revenue, some Republican deficit hawks now retired from office have stated that Norquist has become an obstacle to deficit reduction. Former Republican Senator Alan Simpson (R-WY), co-chairman of the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, has been particularly critical, describing Norquist's position as \"[n]o taxes, under any situation, even if your country goes to hell.\""], "answer": {"text": "Senate Majority leader Harry Reid (D-NV) blamed Norquist's influence for the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction's lack of progress,", "answer_start": 871}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the taxpayer protection pledge?", "answer": {"text": "oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rate for individuals and business;", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the pledge put in place?", "answer": {"text": "2012", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who passed the pledge?", "answer": {"text": "41 out of 47 Senate Republicans had signed ATR's", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The November 6, 2012 elections resulted in a decline in the number of Taxpayer Protection Pledge signatories in both the upper and lower houses", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#0", "question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "rewrite": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 2 and 3 July 2011 Biffy Clyro supported Foo Fighters in front of 130,000 fans (65,000 each night) at the Milton Keynes Bowl in the U.K. On Saturday 9 July 2011, Biffy Clyro headlined the main stage (Apollo Stage) at Sonisphere Festival at Knebworth House. The following day, they headlined the main stage (West Stage) at Wakestock in Cardigan Bay, North Wales. Biffy Clyro opened for Metallica in Bangalore, India in 2011. The band revealed via the NME that they would release two studio albums in 2012, The Land at the End of Our Toes, and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones. From 17 May 2012, the band allowed fans to watch the recording process of The Land at the End of Our Toes and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones via a webcam link-up on their official website. [1] The live feed has confirmed the involvement of frequent Biffy Clyro producer Garth Richardson, who also produced Puzzle and Only Revolutions. On 30 July 2012, the band announced on Twitter that a new track titled \"Stingin' Belle\" would be given its official premiere in the UK on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show the following evening, and that the music video for the song would be available from 9pm for 12 hours to members of the band's official fan club. At 19:37 BST on Tuesday 31 July, Simon Neil confirmed on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 that the new album title would be Opposites . Their new single titled Black Chandelier premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 19 November 2012. The band announced they would be playing a large arena tour through March/April 2013, including London's The O2 Arena, with City and Colour in support.", "Many of Horror \"Many of Horror\" is an alternative rock song written by Simon Neil of Scottish band Biffy Clyro for their fifth studio album \"Only Revolutions\". The song was released as the fourth single from the album on 18 January 2010. The song was recorded at Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, California and mastered at Masterdisk. The lyrics of the song concern Neil's wife and family. Jacknife Lee, who previously remixed \"Silhouettes\" for the Biffy Clyro and Sucioperro side project Marmaduke Duke, recorded a remix for the song. Matt Cardle, winner of the 2010 series of \"The X Factor\", recorded a studio version of the song under the title \"When We Collide\" and released it as his debut single, after having performed it in the final of the competition. Biffy Clyro fans launched an internet campaign to get the original track \"Many of Horror\" to the festive charts, with fans joining a Facebook campaign urging people to buy Biffy Clyro's original single rather than Cardle's cover version. This resulted in the Biffy Clyro version reaching number 8 in the UK Singles Chart, its highest position ever, and Cardle's version became the UK Christmas number 1. The song is featured on the deluxe edition to the film \"\" and is played during the end credits. It was also used by Sky Sports as the song for their closing montage of their 2014 Ryder Cup coverage on 28 September 2014. Critical reception of \"Many of Horror\" was generally positive. Jamie Fullerton of \"NME\" called \"Many of Horror\" a \"perfect rock ballad\". Tim Newbound of \"Rock Sound\" described it as \"beautifully serene\" and stated it balances out more aggressive songs on the album.", "Simon Neil Simon Alexander Neil (born 31 August 1979) is a Scottish vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for his work in the bands Biffy Clyro and Marmaduke Duke. Born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, Simon Neil formed Biffy Clyro in 1995 at 15 years old recruiting Kilmarnock-born James Johnston and someone known only as Barry on bass and drums respectively, calling themselves Skrewfish. Barry was soon replaced by Ben Johnston, James's twin brother, and Biffy Clyro was effectively formed. In 1997, the trio moved to Glasgow, where Neil studied Electronics with Music at the University of Glasgow. He also Studied Film and TV for a year before leaving to pursue music full-time. By then, Simon's musical tastes had expanded; In 2000, the band were spotted at the Unsigned Bands stage at T in the Park by a Beggars Banquet representative. Soon after, the band was signed to the independent Beggar's Banquet. Biffy Clyro have since released seven albums, signed to a major record label, and toured relentlessly. Neil has stated that Biffy Clyro lyrics often come from phrases he writes down in a notebook he keeps by his bed. Neil plays with JP Reid of fellow Ayrshire group Sucioperro in Marmaduke Duke, under the pseudonym \"The Atmosphere\", which released their first album, \"The Magnificent Duke\", in 2005. It was announced in late 2008 that the Duke was to make a return in 2009 with the follow-up album and second in the trilogy, \"Duke Pandemonium\". The first single from the second album, \"Kid Gloves\" was released on 9 February 2009. Neil performs under the name ZZC.", "Biffy Clyro discography The discography of Biffy Clyro, a Scottish alternative rock band from Kilmarnock, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, seven compilations, one soundtrack, six extended plays (EPs), 41 singles, 34 music videos and six other appearances. Formed in 1995 by vocalist and guitarist Simon Neil, bassist James Johnston and drummer Ben Johnston, Biffy Clyro released their debut EP \"thekidswhopoptodaywillrocktomorrow\" in 2000 through Electric Honey, and later signed with Beggars Banquet Records. The band's debut full-length album \"Blackened Sky\" was released in 2002, reaching number 25 on the Scottish Albums Chart. \" The Vertigo of Bliss\" followed in 2003, with single \"Questions and Answers\" reaching the top ten of the Scottish Singles Chart. The band's third and final album on Beggars Banquet, \"Infinity Land\", peaked at number 13 in Scotland. \"Glitter and Trauma\", \"My Recovery Injection\" and \"Only One Word Comes to Mind\" all reached the singles chart top ten. After signing with 14th Floor Records, Biffy Clyro returned in 2007 with \"Puzzle\", which topped the Scottish Albums Chart and reached number 2 in the UK. The album was certified platinum in the UK, and spawned three UK top-20 singles: \"Saturday Superhouse\", \"Living Is a Problem Because Everything Dies\", and \"Folding Stars\". After reaching number 1 with \"Mountains\" and \"That Golden Rule\", the band released \"Only Revolutions\" in 2009 which reached number 2 in Scotland, number 3 in the UK, and has since been certified double platinum in the UK. An additional four singles from \"Only Revolutions\" reached the Scottish Singles Chart top 20.", "Ben Johnston (Scottish musician) Ben Hamilton Johnston (born 25 April 1980) is a drummer, vocalist, and songwriter, best known for his work with Scottish group Biffy Clyro. Johnston was born and raised in Kilmarnock with his twin brother James Johnston (who would go on to be the bassist for Biffy Clyro), and his younger brother, Adam (who used to be Biffy Clyro's drum tech). Having previously played drums with schoolfriend Simon Neil and brother James Johnston in a band called Skrewfish in 1995, Simon moved to Glasgow whilst Ben and James stayed in Ayrshire. They were soon discovered by manager Dee Bahl and then signed to Beggars Banquet in 2001. Johnston plays drums when the conceptual rock duo Marmaduke Duke plays live. When Ben was in College he fronted a Rage Against The Machine tribute band Raj Against The Shereen as revealed in an interview with Biffy Clyro at Reading Festival where they (Biffy Clyro) performed a cover version of the song \"Killing In The Name\". Ben is married to Louise Johnston and lives together with their son in Ayrshire. He is an avid fan of Scottish football team Kilmarnock FC. He regularly takes his son to matches when not on tour and in January 2011 was asked by the club to take part in the half time 'Cross Bar Challenge'. He scored on soccer AM whilst sporting a killie strip. Ben and his son also took part in a Kilmarnock FC open day match alongside James and Simon, Ben kicked off the match with the first kick of the ball. The following is a list of musical equipment used by Ben Johnston. Johnston is also endorsed by Pearl."], "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#1", "question": "Did Puzzle hit number 1?", "rewrite": "Did Puzzle by  Biffy Clyro hit number 1?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Biffy Clyro discography The discography of Biffy Clyro, a Scottish alternative rock band from Kilmarnock, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, seven compilations, one soundtrack, six extended plays (EPs), 41 singles, 34 music videos and six other appearances. Formed in 1995 by vocalist and guitarist Simon Neil, bassist James Johnston and drummer Ben Johnston, Biffy Clyro released their debut EP \"thekidswhopoptodaywillrocktomorrow\" in 2000 through Electric Honey, and later signed with Beggars Banquet Records. The band's debut full-length album \"Blackened Sky\" was released in 2002, reaching number 25 on the Scottish Albums Chart. \" The Vertigo of Bliss\" followed in 2003, with single \"Questions and Answers\" reaching the top ten of the Scottish Singles Chart. The band's third and final album on Beggars Banquet, \"Infinity Land\", peaked at number 13 in Scotland. \"Glitter and Trauma\", \"My Recovery Injection\" and \"Only One Word Comes to Mind\" all reached the singles chart top ten. After signing with 14th Floor Records, Biffy Clyro returned in 2007 with \"Puzzle\", which topped the Scottish Albums Chart and reached number 2 in the UK. The album was certified platinum in the UK, and spawned three UK top-20 singles: \"Saturday Superhouse\", \"Living Is a Problem Because Everything Dies\", and \"Folding Stars\". After reaching number 1 with \"Mountains\" and \"That Golden Rule\", the band released \"Only Revolutions\" in 2009 which reached number 2 in Scotland, number 3 in the UK, and has since been certified double platinum in the UK. An additional four singles from \"Only Revolutions\" reached the Scottish Singles Chart top 20.", "Many of Horror \"Many of Horror\" is an alternative rock song written by Simon Neil of Scottish band Biffy Clyro for their fifth studio album \"Only Revolutions\". The song was released as the fourth single from the album on 18 January 2010. The song was recorded at Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, California and mastered at Masterdisk. The lyrics of the song concern Neil's wife and family. Jacknife Lee, who previously remixed \"Silhouettes\" for the Biffy Clyro and Sucioperro side project Marmaduke Duke, recorded a remix for the song. Matt Cardle, winner of the 2010 series of \"The X Factor\", recorded a studio version of the song under the title \"When We Collide\" and released it as his debut single, after having performed it in the final of the competition. Biffy Clyro fans launched an internet campaign to get the original track \"Many of Horror\" to the festive charts, with fans joining a Facebook campaign urging people to buy Biffy Clyro's original single rather than Cardle's cover version. This resulted in the Biffy Clyro version reaching number 8 in the UK Singles Chart, its highest position ever, and Cardle's version became the UK Christmas number 1. The song is featured on the deluxe edition to the film \"\" and is played during the end credits. It was also used by Sky Sports as the song for their closing montage of their 2014 Ryder Cup coverage on 28 September 2014. Critical reception of \"Many of Horror\" was generally positive. Jamie Fullerton of \"NME\" called \"Many of Horror\" a \"perfect rock ballad\". Tim Newbound of \"Rock Sound\" described it as \"beautifully serene\" and stated it balances out more aggressive songs on the album.", "On 2 and 3 July 2011 Biffy Clyro supported Foo Fighters in front of 130,000 fans (65,000 each night) at the Milton Keynes Bowl in the U.K. On Saturday 9 July 2011, Biffy Clyro headlined the main stage (Apollo Stage) at Sonisphere Festival at Knebworth House. The following day, they headlined the main stage (West Stage) at Wakestock in Cardigan Bay, North Wales. Biffy Clyro opened for Metallica in Bangalore, India in 2011. The band revealed via the NME that they would release two studio albums in 2012, The Land at the End of Our Toes, and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones. From 17 May 2012, the band allowed fans to watch the recording process of The Land at the End of Our Toes and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones via a webcam link-up on their official website. [1] The live feed has confirmed the involvement of frequent Biffy Clyro producer Garth Richardson, who also produced Puzzle and Only Revolutions. On 30 July 2012, the band announced on Twitter that a new track titled \"Stingin' Belle\" would be given its official premiere in the UK on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show the following evening, and that the music video for the song would be available from 9pm for 12 hours to members of the band's official fan club. At 19:37 BST on Tuesday 31 July, Simon Neil confirmed on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 that the new album title would be Opposites . Their new single titled Black Chandelier premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 19 November 2012. The band announced they would be playing a large arena tour through March/April 2013, including London's The O2 Arena, with City and Colour in support.", "Ben Johnston (Scottish musician) Ben Hamilton Johnston (born 25 April 1980) is a drummer, vocalist, and songwriter, best known for his work with Scottish group Biffy Clyro. Johnston was born and raised in Kilmarnock with his twin brother James Johnston (who would go on to be the bassist for Biffy Clyro), and his younger brother, Adam (who used to be Biffy Clyro's drum tech). Having previously played drums with schoolfriend Simon Neil and brother James Johnston in a band called Skrewfish in 1995, Simon moved to Glasgow whilst Ben and James stayed in Ayrshire. They were soon discovered by manager Dee Bahl and then signed to Beggars Banquet in 2001. Johnston plays drums when the conceptual rock duo Marmaduke Duke plays live. When Ben was in College he fronted a Rage Against The Machine tribute band Raj Against The Shereen as revealed in an interview with Biffy Clyro at Reading Festival where they (Biffy Clyro) performed a cover version of the song \"Killing In The Name\". Ben is married to Louise Johnston and lives together with their son in Ayrshire. He is an avid fan of Scottish football team Kilmarnock FC. He regularly takes his son to matches when not on tour and in January 2011 was asked by the club to take part in the half time 'Cross Bar Challenge'. He scored on soccer AM whilst sporting a killie strip. Ben and his son also took part in a Kilmarnock FC open day match alongside James and Simon, Ben kicked off the match with the first kick of the ball. The following is a list of musical equipment used by Ben Johnston. Johnston is also endorsed by Pearl.", "Simon Neil Simon Alexander Neil (born 31 August 1979) is a Scottish vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for his work in the bands Biffy Clyro and Marmaduke Duke. Born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, Simon Neil formed Biffy Clyro in 1995 at 15 years old recruiting Kilmarnock-born James Johnston and someone known only as Barry on bass and drums respectively, calling themselves Skrewfish. Barry was soon replaced by Ben Johnston, James's twin brother, and Biffy Clyro was effectively formed. In 1997, the trio moved to Glasgow, where Neil studied Electronics with Music at the University of Glasgow. He also Studied Film and TV for a year before leaving to pursue music full-time. By then, Simon's musical tastes had expanded; In 2000, the band were spotted at the Unsigned Bands stage at T in the Park by a Beggars Banquet representative. Soon after, the band was signed to the independent Beggar's Banquet. Biffy Clyro have since released seven albums, signed to a major record label, and toured relentlessly. Neil has stated that Biffy Clyro lyrics often come from phrases he writes down in a notebook he keeps by his bed. Neil plays with JP Reid of fellow Ayrshire group Sucioperro in Marmaduke Duke, under the pseudonym \"The Atmosphere\", which released their first album, \"The Magnificent Duke\", in 2005. It was announced in late 2008 that the Duke was to make a return in 2009 with the follow-up album and second in the trilogy, \"Duke Pandemonium\". The first single from the second album, \"Kid Gloves\" was released on 9 February 2009. Neil performs under the name ZZC."], "answer": {"text": "hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts.", "answer_start": 622}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#2", "question": "What year did this get released?", "rewrite": "What year did Puzzle get released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The released sporozoites subsequently attach to the microvilli of the epithelial cells of the small intestine. From there they become trophozoites that reproduce asexually by multiple fission, a process known as schizogony. The trophozoites develop into Type 1 meronts [1] that contain 8 daughter cells. These daughter cells are Type 1 merozoites, which get released by the meronts. Some of these merozoites can cause autoinfection by attaching to epithelial cells. Others of these merozoites become Type II meronts, which contain 4 Type II merozoites. These merozoites get released and they attach to the epithelial cells. From there they become either macrogamonts or microgamonts. These are the female and male sexual forms, respectively. This stage, when sexual forms arise, is called gametogony. Zygotes are formed by microgametes from the microgamont penetrating the macrogamonts. The zygotes develop into oocysts of two types. 20% of oocysts have thin walls and so can reinfect the host by rupturing and releasing sporozoites that start the process over again. The thick-walled oocysts are excreted into the environment. The oocysts are mature and infective upon being excreted. The oocysts are ovoid or spherical and measure 5 to 6 micrometers across. When in flotation preparations they appear highly refractile. The oocysts contains up to 4 sporozoites that are bow-shaped. As few as 2 to 10 oocysts can initiate an infection.", "For example, in basketball, in order to anticipate the game one must recognize rhythmic patterns of other players and perform actions calibrated to these movements. \"The rhythm of a game of basketball emerges from the rhythm of individuals, the rhythm among team members, and the rhythmic contrasts between opposing teams\". Although the exact oscillatory pattern that modulates different sports has not been found, there have been studies done to show a correlation between athletic performance and circadian timing. It has been shown certain times of the day are better for training and gametime performance. Training has the best results when done in the morning, while it is better to play a game at night. The ability to perceive and generate music is frequently studied as a way to further understand human rhythmic processing. Research projects, such as Brain Beats, are currently studying this by developing beat tracking algorithms and designing experimental protocols to analyze human rhythmic processing. This is rhythm in its most obvious form. Human beings have an innate ability to listen to a rhythm and track the beat, as seen here \"Dueling Banjos\". This can be done by bobbing the head, tapping of the feet or even clapping. Jessica Grahn and Matthew Brett call this spontaneous movement \"motor prediction\". They hypothesized that it is caused by the basal ganglia and the supplementary motor area (SMA). This would mean that those areas of the brain would be responsible for spontaneous rhythm generation, although further research is required to prove this. However, they did prove that the basal ganglia and SMA are highly involved in rhythm perception. In a study where patients brain activity was recorded using fMRI, increased activity was seen in these areas both in patients moving spontaneously (bobbing their head) and in those who were told to stay still.", "Webtoons in Japan have not caught on as well as in other countries mainly due to the traditional manga industry still being the main way in which manga get released and published. Even web manga, which have seen a recent rise in popularity, get released in black-and-white and not color like in Korea or China despite being released digitally. Despite this, there have been some strides to penetrate the Japanese market and slowly more mangaka are trying out the webtoon format to release their titles. Lezhin, Comico, Naver, and Kakao offer webtoon portals with translated works for Japanese readers. Comico, one of the biggest webtoon publishers in the world, was actually created by the Japanese subsidiary of NHN Entertainment, NHN Japan. To date, there are only two webtoon portals that offer original Japanese webtoons, Comico and Naver (under the name XOY). Kakao has also had success in the Japanese market by offering both licensed manga and translated Korean webtoons with their service, Piccoma. This has been credited to the webtoon pay model that the service implements where some chapters are offered for free for a short period of time. Kakao Japan has announced that it will start offering original Japanese, Korean, and Chinese webtoons for Piccoma in the summer of 2018.", "He first asked a friend what would happen, if he killed somebody or was an accomplice to a murder. He then told him about the incident in the park, even mentioning the stolen mobile phone. Indictments against the pair occurred after one of them used Stoyanov's phone around 50 days following the attack. Georgiev then told a friend of his to claim that he had bought it from somebody. Questionings by investigators and examinations of the places where it was used, however, proved the opposite. During an examination of the crime scene, hairs, keys, coins and a red comb were found, as well as blood under Mihail Stoyanov's nails. The prosecutor made the murder charge, on the basis of hooliganistic tendencies. According to them, the attackers thought that the student looked like a gay, and that's why they hurled themselves at him. One from the group explained after the murder that there were many condoms in the park, which annoyed them very much. They believed it was from homosexuals, who \"messed up the park\". According to the defendant's lawyers, there was no evidence that the murder was done on homophobic grounds. The version that Kirchev and Georgiev had an accomplice remained, as the blood found under Mihail's nails wasn't theirs. Initially, there was a third suspect, but the investigation against him was canceled. Radoslav and Aleksandar were arrested on June 2, 2010. Due to the investigation taking too long, they were released on parole. Hristina Stoyanova pointed out before the media that the slowness of the trial was due to the fact that the accused constantly complained about wanting to get released: \"\"They always wanted to get released from prison and thus stalled the trial\"\".", "When Kajal's father asks Kumar of his family's approval, Kumar brings his family for a meeting where Kajal's father comes to know that they are not a part of Kapoor family. Kajal's father arranges a marriage for Kajal with a different person but it is stopped by Kumar. Out of defeat, Kajal's father meets a rowdy, Sketch Mani (Rajendran) to kill Kumar. Mani asks Kajal's father to bring Kumar and his family in the name of marriage to the haunted house in Sivankodamalai to murder Kumar and his family and blame it on the ghost. Before they leave, Kumar's mother prays to Lord Muruga and accidentally drops the Vel in the bag and takes it along. But nobody knows that the house is haunted. On the way, Kumar's family is haunted by some road-side hotel members. Mani and his sidekicks enter the house as servants. The magical box containing the spirit still remain in the house. Later, Mani and his sidekicks start to scare Kajal with the concept of ghost. Mani and his sidekicks try to scare Kumar and Kumar comes to know that it is just a drama. So Kumar informs this to his family and Kumar asks them to hit anybody in the form of ghost. The monk who realizes,that when the moon's light touches the box, the ghost inside it will get released. The monk sends a disciple to get that box, but Kumar's father and Mohan mistake him for an intruder and knock him out. Eventually, the moon's light touches the box and the ghost inside get released. Kumar comes to know that Mani and his sidekicks are the ones who is scaring them."], "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang! and Rock Sound.", "answer_start": 1056}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Puzzle hit number 1?", "answer": {"text": "hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts.", "answer_start": 622, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#3", "question": "What songs were on the album", "rewrite": "What songs were on the  Puzzle album", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1819 he and Everest returned to the region and during free time in the rainy season would indulge in rolling granite boulders down the hills. The trip however resulted in both suffering from malaria. Voysey's knowledge of French allowed him to interact with Alfred Duvaucel when he was in Calcutta. He was also in touch with French research and when Everest wanted to measure humidity, it was Voysey who suggested the wet and dry bulb thermometer approach invented by the French. In 1823 Voysey wrote in a letter that he was preparing a sketch of the geology of India based on his travels and observations made since 1819: \"\"It may appear rather presumptuous in me to attempt a sketch of Indian geology after so short a residence, particularly when you recollect that Smith's map of English geology took him twenty years to complete. There is, however, this remarkable difference between the two countries, that in India, instead of twenty different formations, as in England, there are only four...\"\" The geological map that Voysey finally submitted to the Asiatic Society of Bengal in Calcutta on 8 August 1821 was lost and attempts were made to obtain a copy but has been untraced. In a letter to William Lambton, Voysey also pointed out the role of geology in surveying and was a forerunner to the work of Pratt: \"\"In addition to the great advantage to Science and to the Arts from a knowledge of the Geological structure of the country obtained from Section maps and collections of Specimens, I conceive that a very important object of a Geological enquiry lies in determining the cause of these anomalies which sometimes occur in Trigonometrical operations and which can only be explained by supposing them to arise from concealing disturbing forces owing to difference in the specific gravity of the upper, lower or contiguous strata.\" \"", "The building dates to the 17th century, and during the 18th century was used as a hostelry by workers digging coal pits, which is reflected in its earlier name, The Kings Pit. It is unusual for its isolation, but it was previously surrounded by miners' cottages. After the closure of the last mine in 1929, and demolition of the associated cottages in the early 1930s, the pub remained open due to the patronage of local farmers and the development of the motor car. From 1974, boundary changes moved it into County Durham, but this was reviewed in 1987 after much protest, and it reverted to within the Yorkshire boundary. In 1995, the Tan Hill Inn became the first public house in the UK to be granted a licence to hold weddings and civil ceremonies, after new laws were established to allow couples to marry in places other than churches or register offices. The pub is a free house and has served a range of beers from the Black Sheep and Theakston breweries. Visiting bands have included Arctic Monkeys, Mark Ronson and British Sea Power. In May 2007, Kentucky Fried Chicken threatened legal action against the Tan Hill Inn for trademark infringement over the use of the term \"Family Feast\" on the inn's Christmas Day menu. But on 10 May 2007 KFC confirmed that it would not be pursuing the case. Revellers celebrating New Year's Eve at the pub on 31 December 2009 were unable to leave the pub for three days as they were snowed-in. In July 2017 the pub was put up for sale. During the 1980s the pub appeared in an advert starring Ted Moult for replacement-window company Everest, and it appeared in the first Vodafone advert, broadcast during the 1990s. Everest returned in 2008 to film a new advert with Craig Doyle and installed new windows and solar panels.", "Poken  Poken is a cloud-based event management platform, utilized by trade shows and exhibitions, corporate and association events, as well as sports and youth events. The modular platform includes features and services such as registration and badging, match-making, meeting scheduling, mobile apps, NFC interactive USB devices, lead generation devices, gamification, access control and metrics reporting. The company Poken S.A. was founded in December 2007 in Lausanne, Switzerland, by St\u00e9phane Doutriaux. The founder had come up with the initial concept of an interactive USB device for sharing personal information and social networks by touch, while doing his MBA at IMD, a business school in Lausanne. The development of the technology was done in collaboration with the Berner Fachhochschule, a university of applied sciences situated in Biel, Switzerland. The project start was in July 2008 and ended in December of the same year . The first release of the interactive USB devices, called \u2018Sparks\u2019, was in January 2009. Since the initial development of the Poken 'Spark', the company has expanded its lines of products and services. Poken currently has a network of partners and resellers in over 12 countries, with headquarters in London, Lausanne, Dubai and New York, and has delivered events in over 80 international locations. Poken is a modular, end-to-end platform, consisting of both software and hardware products. The Poken interactive USB device utilizes Near Field Communication (NFC) technology to allow the exchange of online social networking data between two devices. The primary information exchanged via the poken is a \u2018social business card\u2019, a digital replacement for a physical business card. By touching two devices together, a unique ID is exchanged that links to contact information on the Poken website.", "He joined Lambton at Hyderabad in 1818, where he was in the process of surveying a meridian arc northward from Cape Commorin. He was responsible for much of the fieldwork, and in 1820 contracted malaria, necessitating a period of recovery spent at the Cape of Good Hope. Everest returned to India in 1821. He succeeded as superintendent of the GTS upon Lambton's death in 1823, and over the following years extended his predecessor's efforts on the arc up to Sironj, in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Everest suffered from poor health, however, and the effects of fever and rheumatism left him half paralysed. He left for England in 1825, where he spent the following five years recuperating. Everest was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1827. Most of his free time was spent lobbying the East India Company for better equipment and studying the methods used by the Ordnance Survey; he frequently corresponded with Thomas Frederick Colby. In June 1830, Everest returned to India to continue his work on the GTS, and was simultaneously appointed Surveyor General of India. The arc from Cape Commorin to the northern border of British India was finally completed in 1841, under the supervision of Andrew Scott Waugh. To his dismay, much of his time was spent on administrative concerns, as well as combating criticism from home. The East India Company had provisionally Thomas Jervis as Everest's successor, and Jervis subsequently delivered a series of lectures to the Royal Society on the perceived deficiencies of Everest's methods. In response, Everest penned a series of open letters to Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, the society's president, in which he lambasted the society \"for meddling in matters of which they know little\".", "Lyrically, the album deals mainly with the death of Simon Neil's mother Eleanor, who had died a few years prior to the recording of Puzzle. The most noticeable difference between Puzzle and the band's previous work is the more streamlined and accessible nature of the songs, with fewer of the abrupt structure and time signature changes which characterised their early material. Influences such as Sunny Day Real Estate and Red House Painters can be heard heavily on this album. On the US & Japanese version the first track was split into \"Intro\" (1:25) & \"Living Is A Problem Because Everything Dies\" (3:53) On the iTunes version, the tracks 2/15ths and 4/15ths are included at the beginning of \u201cA Whole Child Ago\u201d and \u201cLove Has A Diameter\u201d respectively, instead of at the end of the previous tracks. was later renamed \"Help Me Be Captain\" and released as a B-side to \"The Captain\". The song remained the same as the original version played at live shows in 2005. was originally a counterpart to \"Help Me Become Captain\". It was developed into \"The Captain\" and was included on their 5th album \"Only Revolutions\" and released as the third single from the album. was originally set to be on \"Only Revolutions\" but it was cut from the album. The track was included on Biffy Clyro's sixth studio album Opposites under the title \"Pocket\". Sections from this song were used in their 2006 cover of a Weezer song \"Buddy Holly\" (for \"Kerrang!\" magazine cover CD, \"\") and in the Puzzle album track 9/15ths. These bonus features are as yet unavailable separately. \"Puzzle\" was released in various countries in 2007."], "answer": {"text": "This album is notable for having somewhat more straightforward song structures and a more melodic overall sound than their previous work,", "answer_start": 868}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Puzzle hit number 1?", "answer": {"text": "hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts.", "answer_start": 622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this get released?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang! and Rock Sound.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#4", "question": "Did they do concerts?", "rewrite": "Did Biffy Clyro do concerts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ben Johnston (Scottish musician) Ben Hamilton Johnston (born 25 April 1980) is a drummer, vocalist, and songwriter, best known for his work with Scottish group Biffy Clyro. Johnston was born and raised in Kilmarnock with his twin brother James Johnston (who would go on to be the bassist for Biffy Clyro), and his younger brother, Adam (who used to be Biffy Clyro's drum tech). Having previously played drums with schoolfriend Simon Neil and brother James Johnston in a band called Skrewfish in 1995, Simon moved to Glasgow whilst Ben and James stayed in Ayrshire. They were soon discovered by manager Dee Bahl and then signed to Beggars Banquet in 2001. Johnston plays drums when the conceptual rock duo Marmaduke Duke plays live. When Ben was in College he fronted a Rage Against The Machine tribute band Raj Against The Shereen as revealed in an interview with Biffy Clyro at Reading Festival where they (Biffy Clyro) performed a cover version of the song \"Killing In The Name\". Ben is married to Louise Johnston and lives together with their son in Ayrshire. He is an avid fan of Scottish football team Kilmarnock FC. He regularly takes his son to matches when not on tour and in January 2011 was asked by the club to take part in the half time 'Cross Bar Challenge'. He scored on soccer AM whilst sporting a killie strip. Ben and his son also took part in a Kilmarnock FC open day match alongside James and Simon, Ben kicked off the match with the first kick of the ball. The following is a list of musical equipment used by Ben Johnston. Johnston is also endorsed by Pearl.", "Simon Neil Simon Alexander Neil (born 31 August 1979) is a Scottish vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for his work in the bands Biffy Clyro and Marmaduke Duke. Born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, Simon Neil formed Biffy Clyro in 1995 at 15 years old recruiting Kilmarnock-born James Johnston and someone known only as Barry on bass and drums respectively, calling themselves Skrewfish. Barry was soon replaced by Ben Johnston, James's twin brother, and Biffy Clyro was effectively formed. In 1997, the trio moved to Glasgow, where Neil studied Electronics with Music at the University of Glasgow. He also Studied Film and TV for a year before leaving to pursue music full-time. By then, Simon's musical tastes had expanded; In 2000, the band were spotted at the Unsigned Bands stage at T in the Park by a Beggars Banquet representative. Soon after, the band was signed to the independent Beggar's Banquet. Biffy Clyro have since released seven albums, signed to a major record label, and toured relentlessly. Neil has stated that Biffy Clyro lyrics often come from phrases he writes down in a notebook he keeps by his bed. Neil plays with JP Reid of fellow Ayrshire group Sucioperro in Marmaduke Duke, under the pseudonym \"The Atmosphere\", which released their first album, \"The Magnificent Duke\", in 2005. It was announced in late 2008 that the Duke was to make a return in 2009 with the follow-up album and second in the trilogy, \"Duke Pandemonium\". The first single from the second album, \"Kid Gloves\" was released on 9 February 2009. Neil performs under the name ZZC.", "On 2 and 3 July 2011 Biffy Clyro supported Foo Fighters in front of 130,000 fans (65,000 each night) at the Milton Keynes Bowl in the U.K. On Saturday 9 July 2011, Biffy Clyro headlined the main stage (Apollo Stage) at Sonisphere Festival at Knebworth House. The following day, they headlined the main stage (West Stage) at Wakestock in Cardigan Bay, North Wales. Biffy Clyro opened for Metallica in Bangalore, India in 2011. The band revealed via the NME that they would release two studio albums in 2012, The Land at the End of Our Toes, and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones. From 17 May 2012, the band allowed fans to watch the recording process of The Land at the End of Our Toes and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones via a webcam link-up on their official website. [1] The live feed has confirmed the involvement of frequent Biffy Clyro producer Garth Richardson, who also produced Puzzle and Only Revolutions. On 30 July 2012, the band announced on Twitter that a new track titled \"Stingin' Belle\" would be given its official premiere in the UK on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show the following evening, and that the music video for the song would be available from 9pm for 12 hours to members of the band's official fan club. At 19:37 BST on Tuesday 31 July, Simon Neil confirmed on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 that the new album title would be Opposites . Their new single titled Black Chandelier premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 19 November 2012. The band announced they would be playing a large arena tour through March/April 2013, including London's The O2 Arena, with City and Colour in support.", "Many of Horror \"Many of Horror\" is an alternative rock song written by Simon Neil of Scottish band Biffy Clyro for their fifth studio album \"Only Revolutions\". The song was released as the fourth single from the album on 18 January 2010. The song was recorded at Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, California and mastered at Masterdisk. The lyrics of the song concern Neil's wife and family. Jacknife Lee, who previously remixed \"Silhouettes\" for the Biffy Clyro and Sucioperro side project Marmaduke Duke, recorded a remix for the song. Matt Cardle, winner of the 2010 series of \"The X Factor\", recorded a studio version of the song under the title \"When We Collide\" and released it as his debut single, after having performed it in the final of the competition. Biffy Clyro fans launched an internet campaign to get the original track \"Many of Horror\" to the festive charts, with fans joining a Facebook campaign urging people to buy Biffy Clyro's original single rather than Cardle's cover version. This resulted in the Biffy Clyro version reaching number 8 in the UK Singles Chart, its highest position ever, and Cardle's version became the UK Christmas number 1. The song is featured on the deluxe edition to the film \"\" and is played during the end credits. It was also used by Sky Sports as the song for their closing montage of their 2014 Ryder Cup coverage on 28 September 2014. Critical reception of \"Many of Horror\" was generally positive. Jamie Fullerton of \"NME\" called \"Many of Horror\" a \"perfect rock ballad\". Tim Newbound of \"Rock Sound\" described it as \"beautifully serene\" and stated it balances out more aggressive songs on the album.", "James Johnston (Scottish musician) James Robert Johnston (born 25 April 1980) is a bassist, vocalist, and songwriter, best known for his work with Scottish group Biffy Clyro. He is also known as Jim or Jimbo and sometimes signs his name as such. Johnston was born and raised in Kilmarnock with his twin brother Ben (who became the drummer for Biffy Clyro), and his younger brother, Adam Johnston (who was Biffy Clyro's drum tech). The first gig he ever attended was Rancid at Glasgow Barrowlands in 1995, when he was fifteen. Having previously played bass with schoolfriend Simon Neil and brother Ben Johnston in a band called Skrewfish in 1995, the trio moved to Glasgow, and were soon discovered by manager Dee Bahl, and then signed to Beggars Banquet, in 2001. Johnston plays bass guitar when the conceptual rock duo Marmaduke Duke plays live. Johnston is fond of cycling, and can often be found cycling around the hills of Ayrshire. Johnston currently resides with his wife in Glasgow, Scotland. The following is a list of musical equipment used by James Johnston. Johnston's basses are usually tuned to Biffy Clyro's preferred tuning of (DADG), but sometimes (BADG) for \"Pause it and Turn It Up\" and (CGCF) for \"Living is a Problem Because Everything Dies\", as well as \"That Golden Rule\", \"The Captain\" and \"Got Wrong\". His tech is Dave White"], "answer": {"text": "The band also played the Download 2007, Glastonbury 2007, Reading and Leeds Festival and T in the Park for a record seventh time.", "answer_start": 1410}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Puzzle hit number 1?", "answer": {"text": "hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts.", "answer_start": 622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this get released?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang! and Rock Sound.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the album", "answer": {"text": "This album is notable for having somewhat more straightforward song structures and a more melodic overall sound than their previous work,", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#5", "question": "What other concerts did they do?", "rewrite": "What other concerts did Biffy Clyro do besides Download 2007, Glastonbury 2007, Reading and Leeds Festival and T?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Many of Horror \"Many of Horror\" is an alternative rock song written by Simon Neil of Scottish band Biffy Clyro for their fifth studio album \"Only Revolutions\". The song was released as the fourth single from the album on 18 January 2010. The song was recorded at Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, California and mastered at Masterdisk. The lyrics of the song concern Neil's wife and family. Jacknife Lee, who previously remixed \"Silhouettes\" for the Biffy Clyro and Sucioperro side project Marmaduke Duke, recorded a remix for the song. Matt Cardle, winner of the 2010 series of \"The X Factor\", recorded a studio version of the song under the title \"When We Collide\" and released it as his debut single, after having performed it in the final of the competition. Biffy Clyro fans launched an internet campaign to get the original track \"Many of Horror\" to the festive charts, with fans joining a Facebook campaign urging people to buy Biffy Clyro's original single rather than Cardle's cover version. This resulted in the Biffy Clyro version reaching number 8 in the UK Singles Chart, its highest position ever, and Cardle's version became the UK Christmas number 1. The song is featured on the deluxe edition to the film \"\" and is played during the end credits. It was also used by Sky Sports as the song for their closing montage of their 2014 Ryder Cup coverage on 28 September 2014. Critical reception of \"Many of Horror\" was generally positive. Jamie Fullerton of \"NME\" called \"Many of Horror\" a \"perfect rock ballad\". Tim Newbound of \"Rock Sound\" described it as \"beautifully serene\" and stated it balances out more aggressive songs on the album.", "Ben Johnston (Scottish musician) Ben Hamilton Johnston (born 25 April 1980) is a drummer, vocalist, and songwriter, best known for his work with Scottish group Biffy Clyro. Johnston was born and raised in Kilmarnock with his twin brother James Johnston (who would go on to be the bassist for Biffy Clyro), and his younger brother, Adam (who used to be Biffy Clyro's drum tech). Having previously played drums with schoolfriend Simon Neil and brother James Johnston in a band called Skrewfish in 1995, Simon moved to Glasgow whilst Ben and James stayed in Ayrshire. They were soon discovered by manager Dee Bahl and then signed to Beggars Banquet in 2001. Johnston plays drums when the conceptual rock duo Marmaduke Duke plays live. When Ben was in College he fronted a Rage Against The Machine tribute band Raj Against The Shereen as revealed in an interview with Biffy Clyro at Reading Festival where they (Biffy Clyro) performed a cover version of the song \"Killing In The Name\". Ben is married to Louise Johnston and lives together with their son in Ayrshire. He is an avid fan of Scottish football team Kilmarnock FC. He regularly takes his son to matches when not on tour and in January 2011 was asked by the club to take part in the half time 'Cross Bar Challenge'. He scored on soccer AM whilst sporting a killie strip. Ben and his son also took part in a Kilmarnock FC open day match alongside James and Simon, Ben kicked off the match with the first kick of the ball. The following is a list of musical equipment used by Ben Johnston. Johnston is also endorsed by Pearl.", "Simon Neil Simon Alexander Neil (born 31 August 1979) is a Scottish vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for his work in the bands Biffy Clyro and Marmaduke Duke. Born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, Simon Neil formed Biffy Clyro in 1995 at 15 years old recruiting Kilmarnock-born James Johnston and someone known only as Barry on bass and drums respectively, calling themselves Skrewfish. Barry was soon replaced by Ben Johnston, James's twin brother, and Biffy Clyro was effectively formed. In 1997, the trio moved to Glasgow, where Neil studied Electronics with Music at the University of Glasgow. He also Studied Film and TV for a year before leaving to pursue music full-time. By then, Simon's musical tastes had expanded; In 2000, the band were spotted at the Unsigned Bands stage at T in the Park by a Beggars Banquet representative. Soon after, the band was signed to the independent Beggar's Banquet. Biffy Clyro have since released seven albums, signed to a major record label, and toured relentlessly. Neil has stated that Biffy Clyro lyrics often come from phrases he writes down in a notebook he keeps by his bed. Neil plays with JP Reid of fellow Ayrshire group Sucioperro in Marmaduke Duke, under the pseudonym \"The Atmosphere\", which released their first album, \"The Magnificent Duke\", in 2005. It was announced in late 2008 that the Duke was to make a return in 2009 with the follow-up album and second in the trilogy, \"Duke Pandemonium\". The first single from the second album, \"Kid Gloves\" was released on 9 February 2009. Neil performs under the name ZZC.", "In 2006, Biffy Clyro left Beggars Banquet and signed a deal with 14th Floor, an offshoot of Warner Bros. In September, the band went to Canada to record their fourth album at The Warehouse Studio in Vancouver (where it was engineered by Mike Fraser), and The Farm Studio in Gibsons. From these sessions the song \"Semi-Mental\" was released as a digital download on 25 December. On 5 March 2007 \"Saturday Superhouse\" was released, reaching No. 13 on the UK Singles Chart, the band's highest single chart position to date. Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts. The album is certified Gold in the UK, having sold over 220,000 copies, and as of February 2009 has sold over 300,000 worldwide. This album is notable for having somewhat more straightforward song structures and a more melodic overall sound than their previous work, while still retaining some more unusual elements. Puzzle was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang! and Rock Sound. On 25 August, it was announced that \"Machines\" would be the next single from Puzzle, which was released on 8 October. Support slots for acts such as Muse (at the new Wembley Stadium), The Who, Red Hot Chili Peppers and The Rolling Stones were significant in expanding Biffy's fan base. The band also played the Download 2007, Glastonbury 2007, Reading and Leeds Festival and T in the Park for a record seventh time. The band opened for Linkin Park during January on their European tour.", "Support slots for acts such as Muse (at the new Wembley Stadium), The Who, Red Hot Chili Peppers and The Rolling Stones were significant in expanding Biffy's fan base. The band also played the Download 2007, Glastonbury 2007, Reading and Leeds Festival and T in the Park for a record seventh time. The band opened for Linkin Park during January on their European tour. In 2008, the band toured with Queens Of The Stone Age on their European and North American tours for Era Vulgaris, and opened for New Jersey rockers Bon Jovi at Twickenham during the Lost Highway Tour. In December 2008 the band played their biggest headline shows, including a date at Glasgow's 10,000 capacity SECC. The band released a new single entitled \"Mountains\" in July 2008, which reached No. 5 in the UK Singles Chart - the band's first song to reach the top 10, and their highest charting single to date. \"Mountains\" would later be included on their new album. In an interview with the NME, the band stated that they had started work on a follow up to Puzzle, with Simon Neil saying that the album would include some of the band's \"heaviest riffs to date\". In an interview with XFM, Ben Johnston revealed that the forthcoming album would be \"Oli Coates\", and that they already had 16 demos laid down. Simon Neil told Kerrang magazine about the new album on 8 December, playfully saying \"The soft bits are softer, and the hard bits are harder...\", mocking how bands always label their new albums the most heavy and yet melodic so far. The band worked with Puzzle producer Garth Richardson once again at Ocean Way studios. Many videos were shown on the internet of them playing along to Shania Twain's \"You're Still the One\". A Kerrang!"], "answer": {"text": "The band opened for Linkin Park during January on their European tour.", "answer_start": 1540}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Puzzle hit number 1?", "answer": {"text": "hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts.", "answer_start": 622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this get released?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang! and Rock Sound.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the album", "answer": {"text": "This album is notable for having somewhat more straightforward song structures and a more melodic overall sound than their previous work,", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they do concerts?", "answer": {"text": "The band also played the Download 2007, Glastonbury 2007, Reading and Leeds Festival and T in the Park for a record seventh time.", "answer_start": 1410, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#6", "question": "Was the band popular during this time", "rewrite": "Was Biffy Clyro  band popular in 2007", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ben Johnston (Scottish musician) Ben Hamilton Johnston (born 25 April 1980) is a drummer, vocalist, and songwriter, best known for his work with Scottish group Biffy Clyro. Johnston was born and raised in Kilmarnock with his twin brother James Johnston (who would go on to be the bassist for Biffy Clyro), and his younger brother, Adam (who used to be Biffy Clyro's drum tech). Having previously played drums with schoolfriend Simon Neil and brother James Johnston in a band called Skrewfish in 1995, Simon moved to Glasgow whilst Ben and James stayed in Ayrshire. They were soon discovered by manager Dee Bahl and then signed to Beggars Banquet in 2001. Johnston plays drums when the conceptual rock duo Marmaduke Duke plays live. When Ben was in College he fronted a Rage Against The Machine tribute band Raj Against The Shereen as revealed in an interview with Biffy Clyro at Reading Festival where they (Biffy Clyro) performed a cover version of the song \"Killing In The Name\". Ben is married to Louise Johnston and lives together with their son in Ayrshire. He is an avid fan of Scottish football team Kilmarnock FC. He regularly takes his son to matches when not on tour and in January 2011 was asked by the club to take part in the half time 'Cross Bar Challenge'. He scored on soccer AM whilst sporting a killie strip. Ben and his son also took part in a Kilmarnock FC open day match alongside James and Simon, Ben kicked off the match with the first kick of the ball. The following is a list of musical equipment used by Ben Johnston. Johnston is also endorsed by Pearl.", "Simon Neil Simon Alexander Neil (born 31 August 1979) is a Scottish vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for his work in the bands Biffy Clyro and Marmaduke Duke. Born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, Simon Neil formed Biffy Clyro in 1995 at 15 years old recruiting Kilmarnock-born James Johnston and someone known only as Barry on bass and drums respectively, calling themselves Skrewfish. Barry was soon replaced by Ben Johnston, James's twin brother, and Biffy Clyro was effectively formed. In 1997, the trio moved to Glasgow, where Neil studied Electronics with Music at the University of Glasgow. He also Studied Film and TV for a year before leaving to pursue music full-time. By then, Simon's musical tastes had expanded; In 2000, the band were spotted at the Unsigned Bands stage at T in the Park by a Beggars Banquet representative. Soon after, the band was signed to the independent Beggar's Banquet. Biffy Clyro have since released seven albums, signed to a major record label, and toured relentlessly. Neil has stated that Biffy Clyro lyrics often come from phrases he writes down in a notebook he keeps by his bed. Neil plays with JP Reid of fellow Ayrshire group Sucioperro in Marmaduke Duke, under the pseudonym \"The Atmosphere\", which released their first album, \"The Magnificent Duke\", in 2005. It was announced in late 2008 that the Duke was to make a return in 2009 with the follow-up album and second in the trilogy, \"Duke Pandemonium\". The first single from the second album, \"Kid Gloves\" was released on 9 February 2009. Neil performs under the name ZZC.", "On 2 and 3 July 2011 Biffy Clyro supported Foo Fighters in front of 130,000 fans (65,000 each night) at the Milton Keynes Bowl in the U.K. On Saturday 9 July 2011, Biffy Clyro headlined the main stage (Apollo Stage) at Sonisphere Festival at Knebworth House. The following day, they headlined the main stage (West Stage) at Wakestock in Cardigan Bay, North Wales. Biffy Clyro opened for Metallica in Bangalore, India in 2011. The band revealed via the NME that they would release two studio albums in 2012, The Land at the End of Our Toes, and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones. From 17 May 2012, the band allowed fans to watch the recording process of The Land at the End of Our Toes and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones via a webcam link-up on their official website. [1] The live feed has confirmed the involvement of frequent Biffy Clyro producer Garth Richardson, who also produced Puzzle and Only Revolutions. On 30 July 2012, the band announced on Twitter that a new track titled \"Stingin' Belle\" would be given its official premiere in the UK on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show the following evening, and that the music video for the song would be available from 9pm for 12 hours to members of the band's official fan club. At 19:37 BST on Tuesday 31 July, Simon Neil confirmed on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 that the new album title would be Opposites . Their new single titled Black Chandelier premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 19 November 2012. The band announced they would be playing a large arena tour through March/April 2013, including London's The O2 Arena, with City and Colour in support.", "Biffy Clyro discography The discography of Biffy Clyro, a Scottish alternative rock band from Kilmarnock, consists of seven studio albums, three live albums, seven compilations, one soundtrack, six extended plays (EPs), 41 singles, 34 music videos and six other appearances. Formed in 1995 by vocalist and guitarist Simon Neil, bassist James Johnston and drummer Ben Johnston, Biffy Clyro released their debut EP \"thekidswhopoptodaywillrocktomorrow\" in 2000 through Electric Honey, and later signed with Beggars Banquet Records. The band's debut full-length album \"Blackened Sky\" was released in 2002, reaching number 25 on the Scottish Albums Chart. \" The Vertigo of Bliss\" followed in 2003, with single \"Questions and Answers\" reaching the top ten of the Scottish Singles Chart. The band's third and final album on Beggars Banquet, \"Infinity Land\", peaked at number 13 in Scotland. \"Glitter and Trauma\", \"My Recovery Injection\" and \"Only One Word Comes to Mind\" all reached the singles chart top ten. After signing with 14th Floor Records, Biffy Clyro returned in 2007 with \"Puzzle\", which topped the Scottish Albums Chart and reached number 2 in the UK. The album was certified platinum in the UK, and spawned three UK top-20 singles: \"Saturday Superhouse\", \"Living Is a Problem Because Everything Dies\", and \"Folding Stars\". After reaching number 1 with \"Mountains\" and \"That Golden Rule\", the band released \"Only Revolutions\" in 2009 which reached number 2 in Scotland, number 3 in the UK, and has since been certified double platinum in the UK. An additional four singles from \"Only Revolutions\" reached the Scottish Singles Chart top 20.", "Many of Horror \"Many of Horror\" is an alternative rock song written by Simon Neil of Scottish band Biffy Clyro for their fifth studio album \"Only Revolutions\". The song was released as the fourth single from the album on 18 January 2010. The song was recorded at Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, California and mastered at Masterdisk. The lyrics of the song concern Neil's wife and family. Jacknife Lee, who previously remixed \"Silhouettes\" for the Biffy Clyro and Sucioperro side project Marmaduke Duke, recorded a remix for the song. Matt Cardle, winner of the 2010 series of \"The X Factor\", recorded a studio version of the song under the title \"When We Collide\" and released it as his debut single, after having performed it in the final of the competition. Biffy Clyro fans launched an internet campaign to get the original track \"Many of Horror\" to the festive charts, with fans joining a Facebook campaign urging people to buy Biffy Clyro's original single rather than Cardle's cover version. This resulted in the Biffy Clyro version reaching number 8 in the UK Singles Chart, its highest position ever, and Cardle's version became the UK Christmas number 1. The song is featured on the deluxe edition to the film \"\" and is played during the end credits. It was also used by Sky Sports as the song for their closing montage of their 2014 Ryder Cup coverage on 28 September 2014. Critical reception of \"Many of Horror\" was generally positive. Jamie Fullerton of \"NME\" called \"Many of Horror\" a \"perfect rock ballad\". Tim Newbound of \"Rock Sound\" described it as \"beautifully serene\" and stated it balances out more aggressive songs on the album."], "answer": {"text": "In 2008, the band toured with Queens Of The Stone Age on their European and North American tours for Era Vulgaris,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Puzzle hit number 1?", "answer": {"text": "hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts.", "answer_start": 622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this get released?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang! and Rock Sound.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the album", "answer": {"text": "This album is notable for having somewhat more straightforward song structures and a more melodic overall sound than their previous work,", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they do concerts?", "answer": {"text": "The band also played the Download 2007, Glastonbury 2007, Reading and Leeds Festival and T in the Park for a record seventh time.", "answer_start": 1410, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other concerts did they do?", "answer": {"text": "The band opened for Linkin Park during January on their European tour.", "answer_start": 1540, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_df19b897d93c40ec9a912b1f6fa2cf12_0_q#7", "question": "Is the band still together?", "rewrite": "Is the Biffy Clyro band still together?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Singles 2001\u20132005 Singles 2001\u20132005 is a compilation album by Scottish rock band Biffy Clyro, released 7 July 2008. The album features singles from the band's time with former label, Beggars Banquet. In 2006, the band signed to 14th Floor Records while still under contract with Beggars Banquet. The band still had one album left on this contract, therefore this album is to fulfill contractual obligations. Beggars has been criticised for cashing in on the success of 2007's \"Puzzle\". Dozens of fans expressed anger at the label for only releasing a 12 track collection of radio edited singles rather than a more expansive album of b-sides and rarities (as Beggars subsidiary Too Pure had done for mclusky - the mcluskyism retrospective featured 57 tracks over three discs). The band and management are thought not to be pleased with the release and are not expected to promote or even look at it. The album collects singles from \"Blackened Sky\" (2002), \"The Vertigo of Bliss\" (2003) and \"Infinity Land\" (2004). Simon Neil - Vocals, Guitar<br> James Johnston - Vocals, Bass <br> Ben Johnston - Vocals, Drums<br> Songs and Lyrics by Simon Neil<br> Music by Biffy Clyro<br> Produced and Mixed by Chris Sheldon and Biffy Clyro \"Singles 2001-2005\" was released in the UK in 2008.", "Ben Johnston (Scottish musician) Ben Hamilton Johnston (born 25 April 1980) is a drummer, vocalist, and songwriter, best known for his work with Scottish group Biffy Clyro. Johnston was born and raised in Kilmarnock with his twin brother James Johnston (who would go on to be the bassist for Biffy Clyro), and his younger brother, Adam (who used to be Biffy Clyro's drum tech). Having previously played drums with schoolfriend Simon Neil and brother James Johnston in a band called Skrewfish in 1995, Simon moved to Glasgow whilst Ben and James stayed in Ayrshire. They were soon discovered by manager Dee Bahl and then signed to Beggars Banquet in 2001. Johnston plays drums when the conceptual rock duo Marmaduke Duke plays live. When Ben was in College he fronted a Rage Against The Machine tribute band Raj Against The Shereen as revealed in an interview with Biffy Clyro at Reading Festival where they (Biffy Clyro) performed a cover version of the song \"Killing In The Name\". Ben is married to Louise Johnston and lives together with their son in Ayrshire. He is an avid fan of Scottish football team Kilmarnock FC. He regularly takes his son to matches when not on tour and in January 2011 was asked by the club to take part in the half time 'Cross Bar Challenge'. He scored on soccer AM whilst sporting a killie strip. Ben and his son also took part in a Kilmarnock FC open day match alongside James and Simon, Ben kicked off the match with the first kick of the ball. The following is a list of musical equipment used by Ben Johnston. Johnston is also endorsed by Pearl.", "Many of Horror \"Many of Horror\" is an alternative rock song written by Simon Neil of Scottish band Biffy Clyro for their fifth studio album \"Only Revolutions\". The song was released as the fourth single from the album on 18 January 2010. The song was recorded at Ocean Way Recording, Hollywood, California and mastered at Masterdisk. The lyrics of the song concern Neil's wife and family. Jacknife Lee, who previously remixed \"Silhouettes\" for the Biffy Clyro and Sucioperro side project Marmaduke Duke, recorded a remix for the song. Matt Cardle, winner of the 2010 series of \"The X Factor\", recorded a studio version of the song under the title \"When We Collide\" and released it as his debut single, after having performed it in the final of the competition. Biffy Clyro fans launched an internet campaign to get the original track \"Many of Horror\" to the festive charts, with fans joining a Facebook campaign urging people to buy Biffy Clyro's original single rather than Cardle's cover version. This resulted in the Biffy Clyro version reaching number 8 in the UK Singles Chart, its highest position ever, and Cardle's version became the UK Christmas number 1. The song is featured on the deluxe edition to the film \"\" and is played during the end credits. It was also used by Sky Sports as the song for their closing montage of their 2014 Ryder Cup coverage on 28 September 2014. Critical reception of \"Many of Horror\" was generally positive. Jamie Fullerton of \"NME\" called \"Many of Horror\" a \"perfect rock ballad\". Tim Newbound of \"Rock Sound\" described it as \"beautifully serene\" and stated it balances out more aggressive songs on the album.", "On 2 and 3 July 2011 Biffy Clyro supported Foo Fighters in front of 130,000 fans (65,000 each night) at the Milton Keynes Bowl in the U.K. On Saturday 9 July 2011, Biffy Clyro headlined the main stage (Apollo Stage) at Sonisphere Festival at Knebworth House. The following day, they headlined the main stage (West Stage) at Wakestock in Cardigan Bay, North Wales. Biffy Clyro opened for Metallica in Bangalore, India in 2011. The band revealed via the NME that they would release two studio albums in 2012, The Land at the End of Our Toes, and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones. From 17 May 2012, the band allowed fans to watch the recording process of The Land at the End of Our Toes and The Sand at the Core of Our Bones via a webcam link-up on their official website. [1] The live feed has confirmed the involvement of frequent Biffy Clyro producer Garth Richardson, who also produced Puzzle and Only Revolutions. On 30 July 2012, the band announced on Twitter that a new track titled \"Stingin' Belle\" would be given its official premiere in the UK on Zane Lowe's Radio 1 show the following evening, and that the music video for the song would be available from 9pm for 12 hours to members of the band's official fan club. At 19:37 BST on Tuesday 31 July, Simon Neil confirmed on Zane Lowe's show on BBC Radio 1 that the new album title would be Opposites . Their new single titled Black Chandelier premiered on BBC Radio 1 on 19 November 2012. The band announced they would be playing a large arena tour through March/April 2013, including London's The O2 Arena, with City and Colour in support.", "Simon Neil Simon Alexander Neil (born 31 August 1979) is a Scottish vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for his work in the bands Biffy Clyro and Marmaduke Duke. Born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, Simon Neil formed Biffy Clyro in 1995 at 15 years old recruiting Kilmarnock-born James Johnston and someone known only as Barry on bass and drums respectively, calling themselves Skrewfish. Barry was soon replaced by Ben Johnston, James's twin brother, and Biffy Clyro was effectively formed. In 1997, the trio moved to Glasgow, where Neil studied Electronics with Music at the University of Glasgow. He also Studied Film and TV for a year before leaving to pursue music full-time. By then, Simon's musical tastes had expanded; In 2000, the band were spotted at the Unsigned Bands stage at T in the Park by a Beggars Banquet representative. Soon after, the band was signed to the independent Beggar's Banquet. Biffy Clyro have since released seven albums, signed to a major record label, and toured relentlessly. Neil has stated that Biffy Clyro lyrics often come from phrases he writes down in a notebook he keeps by his bed. Neil plays with JP Reid of fellow Ayrshire group Sucioperro in Marmaduke Duke, under the pseudonym \"The Atmosphere\", which released their first album, \"The Magnificent Duke\", in 2005. It was announced in late 2008 that the Duke was to make a return in 2009 with the follow-up album and second in the trilogy, \"Duke Pandemonium\". The first single from the second album, \"Kid Gloves\" was released on 9 February 2009. Neil performs under the name ZZC."], "answer": {"text": "In December 2008 the band played their biggest headline shows, including a date at Glasgow's 10,000 capacity SECC.", "answer_start": 202}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Biffy Clyro' puzzle?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was released in June and helped the band to reach their highest UK Albums Chart position ever, hitting No. 2 in the first week of release,", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Puzzle hit number 1?", "answer": {"text": "hitting No. 2 in the first week of release, also reaching No. 17 in Ireland, and No. 39 in the overall world charts.", "answer_start": 622, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this get released?", "answer": {"text": "Puzzle was voted the best album of 2007 by Kerrang! and Rock Sound.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the album", "answer": {"text": "This album is notable for having somewhat more straightforward song structures and a more melodic overall sound than their previous work,", "answer_start": 868, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they do concerts?", "answer": {"text": "The band also played the Download 2007, Glastonbury 2007, Reading and Leeds Festival and T in the Park for a record seventh time.", "answer_start": 1410, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other concerts did they do?", "answer": {"text": "The band opened for Linkin Park during January on their European tour.", "answer_start": 1540, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the band popular during this time", "answer": {"text": "In 2008, the band toured with Queens Of The Stone Age on their European and North American tours for Era Vulgaris,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#0", "question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "rewrite": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eugene M. O'Neill Eugene M O'Neill (September 10, 1850 \u2013 November 26, 1926) was an Irish-born American lawyer and newspaper owner. O'Neill was born in Clonroche, County Wexford, Ireland, the son of Hugh O'Neill, headmaster of town school, and Kate (Navin) O'Neill. He received his primary education at the local school run by his father then went to the University of Dublin where he graduated at age 17. After graduation O'Neill, emigrated to the United States in March, 1867 to Pittsburgh. At the time, O'Neill's brother, Daniel O'Neill, was publisher, editor, and owner of the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\", and O'Neill started work on the paper as a reporter. He worked at the paper as an editorial writer until 1874, when he began practicing law. He was admitted to the bar of Allegheny County and practiced in both county and city courts for three years. In 1875, he was elected City Councilman of Pittsburgh, the only political office he ever accepted. When his brother died on 30 January 1877, O'Neill took over management of the paper, a position he retained until again retiring from newspaper work in March 1902. In addition to practicing law and his work in journalism, O'Neill was an active investor in real estate and industry, accumulating a fortune which at his death was estimated at $8,000,000. Eugene married Daniel's widow, Mrs Emily Martha \"Emma\" (Seely) O'Neill. They had no children. The couple lived in the family home \"Linden House\" in Pittsburgh, located on the corner of Penn Avenue and Linden Street. O'Neill died on 26 November 1926 at St Luke's Hospital in New York City after a three month illness. The cause of death was pneumonia.", "In 1945 he had a sealed copy of the manuscript placed in the document vault of publisher Random House, instructing that it not be published until 25 years after his death. He sent a second sealed copy to the O'Neill collection at Yale University. Soon after O'Neill's death, his widow Carlotta Monterey demanded that Random House contravene O'Neill's explicit wishes and publish the play at once. \"We refused, of course,\" wrote publisher Bennett Cerf in his memoirs, \"but then were horrified to learn that legally all the cards were in her hand. \u2026 I do not regret that we took the stand we did, because I still think we were right. \" Monterey had the play published by the Yale University Press in 1956, with the bulk of the proceeds deeded to Yale's Eugene O'Neill Collection and for scholarships at its drama school. In key aspects, the play closely parallels Eugene O'Neill's own life. The location, a summer home in Connecticut, corresponds to the family home, Monte Cristo Cottage, in New London, Connecticut (the small town of the play). The actual cottage, today owned and operated by the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, is made up as it may appear in the play. The family in the script corresponds to the O'Neill family, which was Irish-American, with three name changes: The family name \"O'Neill\" is changed to \"Tyrone,\" which is the name of the earldom granted to Conn O'Neill by Henry VIII. The names of the second and third sons are reversed, \"Eugene\" with \"Edmund\". In fact, Eugene, the playwright, was the third and the youngest child, and he corresponds to the character of \"Edmund\" in the play.", "Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site The Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, located in Danville, California, preserves Tao House, the Monterey Colonial hillside home of America's only Nobel Prize-winning playwright, Eugene O'Neill. Eugene O'Neill had won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, and used the prize money to build what he named Tao House above Danville. O'Neill and his wife lived in the home from 1937 to 1944. By the time he moved here, O'Neill had already lived in over 35 places, but he called this secluded house his \"final home and harbor\". At this home, O'Neill wrote his final plays: \"The Iceman Cometh\", \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\", \"Hughie\", and \"A Moon for the Misbegotten\". Due to a degenerative condition in his hand, he was unable to complete another play after 1943. O'Neill and his wife, actress Carlotta Monterey, showed their interest in Asian art, decor, and thought in preparing the home. The two personally designed the two-story, three-bedroom home from the ground up. The ceilings were dark blue to mimic the sky with dark wood floors representing the earth, as well as Noh masks, Chinese guardian statues, and Chinese lacquerware furnishings throughout the interior. Outside, Carlotta installed a garden in a zigzag pattern which Chinese tradition indicated would keep away evil spirits. They also planted several trees, including pine, almond, and redwood. The O'Neills moved to Boston after World War II. The house was saved from demolition in the early 1970s. Several women formed the Eugene O\u2019Neill Foundation, including president Darlene Blair and executive vice president Lois Sizoo, in order to raise money to buy Tao House, which had been named a National Landmark in 1971.", "Eugene O'Neill Award The Eugene O'Neill Award (also known as \"The Eugene O'Neill Scholarship Award\" or \"The Eugene O'Neill Acting Award\"), is one of Sweden's finest awards for stage actors. Established by the American playwright Eugene O'Neill, it was first awarded in 1956. Just before Eugene O'Neill died in 1953 he drew up a will in which he gave the then not yet staged play \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\" (written in 1941) to the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Sweden's national theatre, along with exclusive first performance rights. The gesture was as thanks for Dramaten's continued interest in staging his plays (more so than any other theatre in the world), and for the Swedes' appreciation of his work long before he became recognized internationally, or in his home country (O'Neill was also the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936). Later on, his widow Carlotta Monterey O'Neill also gave Dramaten the performing rights to \"A Touch of the Poet\" (written in 1942), \"Hughie\" and \"More Stately Mansions\". She refused staging fees for his plays in Sweden, provided that 8% of the royalties from the revenues of each performance were given to the Eugene O'Neill Memory Fund, which manages the money for the scholarship award. The award is bestowed annually on the 16th of October (O'Neill's birthday) and is, according to O'Neill's own wishes, given to \"highly deserving actors of Dramaten\". Recipients of the award are decided by Dramaten's board of directors. The prize money currently consists of SEK 30,000 (approximately 4,000 USD).", "Monte Cristo Cottage Monte Cristo Cottage (also known as Eugene O'Neill Summer House) was the summer home of American actor James O'Neill and his family, notably his son Eugene O'Neill. It is a National Historic Landmark located at 325 Pequot Avenue in New London, Connecticut. James O'Neill came to New London, Connecticut in June 1884 and purchased two plots of land on Pequot Avenue for his wife Ella's 27th birthday. The property included a cottage built in the 1840s which he expanded. It is now a two-story house, three bays wide with a porch that wraps around the front to the north side. A tower with pyramidal roof stands just beyond the porch on the north side. It was the principal family residence during Eugene O'Neill's childhood. As a child, Eugene spent much of the year traveling with his actor father touring from city to city, but the family returned to this cottage each summer. It was named for the play in which his father starred in touring productions for many years. O'Neill probably wrote his first two plays here, and it is the setting of his plays \" Ah, Wilderness!\" and \"Long Day's Journey into Night\". The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with O'Neill. The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center purchased it in 1976 and operates it as a historic house museum, furnished to appear as it might have for the setting of \"Long Day's Journey into Night\". The house also features exhibits about O'Neill's life and works, as well as artifacts and memorabilia, including the desk which he used to write his drama \"Anna Christie\" which won him the Pulitzer Prize."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to being unknown who was Eugene O'Neill's parents, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eugene M. O'Neill Eugene M O'Neill (September 10, 1850 \u2013 November 26, 1926) was an Irish-born American lawyer and newspaper owner. O'Neill was born in Clonroche, County Wexford, Ireland, the son of Hugh O'Neill, headmaster of town school, and Kate (Navin) O'Neill. He received his primary education at the local school run by his father then went to the University of Dublin where he graduated at age 17. After graduation O'Neill, emigrated to the United States in March, 1867 to Pittsburgh. At the time, O'Neill's brother, Daniel O'Neill, was publisher, editor, and owner of the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\", and O'Neill started work on the paper as a reporter. He worked at the paper as an editorial writer until 1874, when he began practicing law. He was admitted to the bar of Allegheny County and practiced in both county and city courts for three years. In 1875, he was elected City Councilman of Pittsburgh, the only political office he ever accepted. When his brother died on 30 January 1877, O'Neill took over management of the paper, a position he retained until again retiring from newspaper work in March 1902. In addition to practicing law and his work in journalism, O'Neill was an active investor in real estate and industry, accumulating a fortune which at his death was estimated at $8,000,000. Eugene married Daniel's widow, Mrs Emily Martha \"Emma\" (Seely) O'Neill. They had no children. The couple lived in the family home \"Linden House\" in Pittsburgh, located on the corner of Penn Avenue and Linden Street. O'Neill died on 26 November 1926 at St Luke's Hospital in New York City after a three month illness. The cause of death was pneumonia.", "Eugene O'Neill Award The Eugene O'Neill Award (also known as \"The Eugene O'Neill Scholarship Award\" or \"The Eugene O'Neill Acting Award\"), is one of Sweden's finest awards for stage actors. Established by the American playwright Eugene O'Neill, it was first awarded in 1956. Just before Eugene O'Neill died in 1953 he drew up a will in which he gave the then not yet staged play \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\" (written in 1941) to the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Sweden's national theatre, along with exclusive first performance rights. The gesture was as thanks for Dramaten's continued interest in staging his plays (more so than any other theatre in the world), and for the Swedes' appreciation of his work long before he became recognized internationally, or in his home country (O'Neill was also the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936). Later on, his widow Carlotta Monterey O'Neill also gave Dramaten the performing rights to \"A Touch of the Poet\" (written in 1942), \"Hughie\" and \"More Stately Mansions\". She refused staging fees for his plays in Sweden, provided that 8% of the royalties from the revenues of each performance were given to the Eugene O'Neill Memory Fund, which manages the money for the scholarship award. The award is bestowed annually on the 16th of October (O'Neill's birthday) and is, according to O'Neill's own wishes, given to \"highly deserving actors of Dramaten\". Recipients of the award are decided by Dramaten's board of directors. The prize money currently consists of SEK 30,000 (approximately 4,000 USD).", "Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site The Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, located in Danville, California, preserves Tao House, the Monterey Colonial hillside home of America's only Nobel Prize-winning playwright, Eugene O'Neill. Eugene O'Neill had won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, and used the prize money to build what he named Tao House above Danville. O'Neill and his wife lived in the home from 1937 to 1944. By the time he moved here, O'Neill had already lived in over 35 places, but he called this secluded house his \"final home and harbor\". At this home, O'Neill wrote his final plays: \"The Iceman Cometh\", \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\", \"Hughie\", and \"A Moon for the Misbegotten\". Due to a degenerative condition in his hand, he was unable to complete another play after 1943. O'Neill and his wife, actress Carlotta Monterey, showed their interest in Asian art, decor, and thought in preparing the home. The two personally designed the two-story, three-bedroom home from the ground up. The ceilings were dark blue to mimic the sky with dark wood floors representing the earth, as well as Noh masks, Chinese guardian statues, and Chinese lacquerware furnishings throughout the interior. Outside, Carlotta installed a garden in a zigzag pattern which Chinese tradition indicated would keep away evil spirits. They also planted several trees, including pine, almond, and redwood. The O'Neills moved to Boston after World War II. The house was saved from demolition in the early 1970s. Several women formed the Eugene O\u2019Neill Foundation, including president Darlene Blair and executive vice president Lois Sizoo, in order to raise money to buy Tao House, which had been named a National Landmark in 1971.", "Daniel O'Neill (editor) Daniel O'Neill immigrated to the United States from Ireland in 1851, settling in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He became editor and owner of the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\" newspaper along with his brother Eugene M. O'Neill. O'Neill served several terms on the Pittsburgh City Council. Daniel, born Daniel O'Connell O'Neill, at Cloughbawn, County Wexford, Ireland on New Year's Day, 1830. His father, Mr. Hugh O'Neill, was principal of a school there. His mother was Kate (Navin) O'Neill. He was the eldest of twelve children. O'Neill's interest in journalism began at an early age and he was a contributor to the \"Wexford Independent\". O'Neill emigrated to the United States in 1851 and settled in Pittsburgh. His first job was as a reporter with the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\" newspaper, then owned by Colonel J. Heron Foster. After five years with the \"Dispatch\", O'Neill took a job as local editor of a rival newspaper, the \"Chronicle\". When the American Civil War broke out he covered the news for the \"Chronicle\" as a war correspondent. Returning to Pittsburgh after the war, O'Neill purchased a share in the \"Dispatch\" Over time he and his brother Eugene M O'Neill eventually acquired full control of the \"Dispatch\" and Daniel acted as business manager and editor. Perhaps his impact at the paper can be summed up by comments which appeared at the time of his death;  In addition to his activities with the newspaper, O'Neill served several terms in the Pittsburgh City Council and was a member of the Electoral College of Pennsylvania. Daniel O'Neill was first married to Mary O'Neill, daughter of James O'Neill and Rebecca Burchell on 12 April 1853. They did not have children", "In 1945 he had a sealed copy of the manuscript placed in the document vault of publisher Random House, instructing that it not be published until 25 years after his death. He sent a second sealed copy to the O'Neill collection at Yale University. Soon after O'Neill's death, his widow Carlotta Monterey demanded that Random House contravene O'Neill's explicit wishes and publish the play at once. \"We refused, of course,\" wrote publisher Bennett Cerf in his memoirs, \"but then were horrified to learn that legally all the cards were in her hand. \u2026 I do not regret that we took the stand we did, because I still think we were right. \" Monterey had the play published by the Yale University Press in 1956, with the bulk of the proceeds deeded to Yale's Eugene O'Neill Collection and for scholarships at its drama school. In key aspects, the play closely parallels Eugene O'Neill's own life. The location, a summer home in Connecticut, corresponds to the family home, Monte Cristo Cottage, in New London, Connecticut (the small town of the play). The actual cottage, today owned and operated by the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, is made up as it may appear in the play. The family in the script corresponds to the O'Neill family, which was Irish-American, with three name changes: The family name \"O'Neill\" is changed to \"Tyrone,\" which is the name of the earldom granted to Conn O'Neill by Henry VIII. The names of the second and third sons are reversed, \"Eugene\" with \"Edmund\". In fact, Eugene, the playwright, was the third and the youngest child, and he corresponds to the character of \"Edmund\" in the play."], "answer": {"text": "O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#2", "question": "What else do you know about his wife", "rewrite": "Besides Katheleen Jenkins, what else do you know about Eugene O'Neill's wife", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Katheleen Lindor Katheleen Lindor (born ) was a French female artistic gymnast, representing her nation at international competitions. She participated at the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, and 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. She is the twin sister of Lindsay Lindor.", "Malygin (1912 icebreaker) Icebreaker Malygin was a Russian and Soviet icebreaker ship of 3,200 tonnes displacement. She was named after Stepan Malygin. \"Malygin\" was built in 1912 as the \"SS Bruce\" for the Newfoundland shipping company and sold to Russia in 1915. The ship was originally named \"Solovei Budemirovich\" (\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439 \u0411\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447) after Nightingale the Robber. She was renamed \"Malygin\" in 1921. On her maiden voyage as the \"Malygin,\" she led the newly founded Floating Marine Research Institute \"Plavmornin\" (now called the Nikolai M. Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography) to study the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas, rivers, islands, and coastal areas. With various other ships and sister ship Krassin (1916 icebreaker) in 1928, \"Malygin\" took part in the search of the Umberto Nobile's dirigible expedition. On this journey, Junkers pilot Mikhail Babushkin(\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b \u0411\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d) flew several aerial searches over the Arctic in search of the airship. In July 1931, Professor V. Yu. Vize led an expedition on the \"Malygin\" to Franz Josef Land and the northern part of the Kara Sea. Captain D.T. Chertkhov was in command of the \"Malygin\". Other members included technicians whose mission was to locate a suitable place for a Soviet floatplane base in Franz Josef Land. During this expedition German airship \"Graf Zeppelin\" made a memorable rendezvous with icebreaker \"Malygin\" at Bukhta Tikhaya in Hooker Island, Franz Josef Land.", "Dolgy Island Dolgy Island (, meaning \"Long Island\") is an island in the Pechora Sea, east of the Khaypudyr Bay. The landscape of the island is relatively flat with small lakes and tundra patches. This island should not be confused with other islands called \"Dolgy\", one of which is located in the Barents Sea itself in the bay southeast of Khodovarikha and the other in Karelia. Dikson Island was also formerly called \"Dolgy\". Dolgy Island's southern tip is located only from the West Siberian Plain mainland. Long and narrow, it stretches roughly from north-west to south-east and is in length, with an average width of . This island is administratively a part of Nenets Autonomous Okrug, an autonomous okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. There are smaller islands in Dolgy's vicinity at both of its ends which are a prolongation of the same submarine structure. Stepan Malygin undertook a voyage starting from Dolgy Island in 1736-1737. There were two ships in this early expedition, the \"Pervy\", under Malygin and the \"Vtoroy\" under the command of captain A. Skuratov. After entering the little-explored Kara Sea, they sailed to the mouth of the Ob River. Malygin took careful observations of these hitherto almost unknown areas of the Russian Arctic coastline. With this knowledge he was able to draw the first somewhat accurate map of the Arctic shores between the Pechora River and the Ob River.", "Stepan Malygin Stepan Gavrilovich Malygin () (died 1 August 1764) was a Russian Arctic explorer. In 1711\u20131717, Stepan Malygin was a student at the Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation. After his graduation, Malygin began his career as a naval cadet and was then promoted to the rank of lieutenant four years later. He served in the Baltic Fleet until 1735. Stepan Malygin was the first one to write a Russian manual on navigation called \"\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435-\u0420\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\" (1733). In the early 1736, Malygin was appointed leader of the western unit of the Second Kamchatka Expedition. In 1736\u20131737, two boats \"Perviy\" (First) and \"Vtoroy\" (Second) under the command of Stepan Malygin and A.Skuratov undertook a voyage from the Dolgiy Island in the Barents Sea to the mouth of the Ob River. During this trip, Malygin described this part of the Russian Arctic coastline and made a map of the area between the Pechora and Ob Rivers. In 1741\u20131748, Stepan Malygin was in charge of preparing navigators for the Russian Navy. In 1762, he was appointed head of the Admiralty office in Kazan.", "Eugene O'Neill Jr.  Eugene Gladstone O'Neill Jr. (May 5, 1910 \u2013 September 25, 1950) was an American professor of Greek literature and the only child of Nobel Prize-winning playwright Eugene O'Neill and his first wife, Kathleen Jenkins. O'Neill Jr.'s parents divorced in 1912, when he was a toddler. O'Neill once said he did not even meet his father until age 12. He entered Yale in 1928; in his freshman year a poem he had written was widely reprinted. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Yale in 1932, where he was a member of Skull and Bones secret student society. After studying abroad for a year, he earned a PhD in philosophy from Yale in 1936. As a classicist and philosophy scholar, O'Neill taught at Yale, Princeton, Fordham University, Sarah Lawrence College, and the New School for Social Research. He was the editor of a collection of Greek plays; shortly before his death he had contributed book reviews to the New York Times and the Saturday Review of Literature, and also been featured on the CBS radio show, \"Invitation to Learning\". O'Neill married in 1931, to Elizabeth Green; this marriage ended in divorce after six years. He married secondly Sarah Hayward in 1939, whom he divorced after seven years. He then remarried a third time, to Janet Hunter Longley. O'Neill abused alcohol, as did his father and grandfather. On September 25, 1950, in Woodstock, he committed suicide at age 40 by slitting his wrist and ankle with a razor. He then walked downstairs and expired by the front door of his cottage. These lines were found among his effects after his death: \"Never let it be said of O'Neill that he failed to empty a bottle. Ave atque vale [hail and farewell]."], "answer": {"text": "In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918.", "answer_start": 139}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#3", "question": "What did he do career wise", "rewrite": "What did Eugen O'Neill do career wise", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the court in the WNBA, she was known for her sharp and stinging comments directed at other players. Opposition players knew they could get at Jackson by giving her sneaky fouls and nettling her back with some trash talk. While playing in the WNBA, she has dyed her hair different colours several times. She ranks 35th in the league for total played games with 308. She has played 9,958 minutes in the league and ranks 16th all time in this category. In her career, she has made 2056 field goals, ranking third all time in this category. She ranked fifth all time in the league with 4,456 field goal attempts. She ranked 34th overall career wise in the league with a field goal percentage of 46.1%. Career wise, she ranks 10th overall for three-point field goals with 430. She attempted 1219 three-point field goals in her career, ranking 10th on the league's all time leaderboard. She was ranked second all time in the league for turnover percentage with 9.4. In 2001, she was drafted first when she entered the WNBA draft in the fifth year of the league having a draft and was selected by the Seattle Storm. Her parents stayed with her in Seattle for the first month she played in the WNBA in 2001. Jackson's first season included 32 games played over the course of 11 weeks, a much more difficult competition in terms of total games compared to Australia's domestic league. She played in 21 games. She ranked eighth in the league with 406 field goal attempts. In her debut game with the team, she scored 21 points. On 3 July 2001, she set a WNBA record for most minutes played in a single game with 55 in a game against Washington that had four overtime periods. That season, she averaged 15.2 points per game, came in second for the WNBA's Rookie of the Year award.", "Ernest Lewis Ernest Wool Lewis (5 April 1867 \u2013 19 April 1930) was a former British amateur lawn tennis player who was active at the end of the 19th century. Ernest Lewis reached the final of the first Wimbledon Championships gentlemen's doubles competition held in 1884. Partnering E.L. Williams they lost the final to the famous tennis brothers Ernest Renshaw and William Renshaw in four sets. With partner George Hillyard he reached and lost the 1889 and 1890 gentlemen's doubles finals. In 1892 he won his first and only Wimbledon title when together with Harry S. Barlow they defeated another famous team of tennis brothers, Herbert Baddeley and Wilfred Baddeley, in four sets. In total Lewis would reach seven doubles finals at the Wimbledon Championships during his career (1884,1889, 1890, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895). In the gentlemen's singles competition at Wimbledon his best result was reaching the final of the all-comers tournament on four occasions (1886, 1888, 1892 and 1894). In 1886 Lawford beat Ernest Renshaw from 2 sets to 0 down in the quarter finals before losing the all comers final to Herbert Lawford in five sets. In 1888 he lost the all comers final to Ernest Renshaw in four sets. In 1892 Lewis led 2 sets to 0 against Joshua Pim in the all comers final but lost in five sets. In 1894 he won against Herbert Baddeley in the semifinal in a close five set match but was solidly defeated in the final by Wilfred Baddeley, 0\u20136, 1\u20136, 0\u20136. Lewis won the singles title at the Irish Championships in 1890 after a close\u2013fought battle in the challenge round against Willoughby Hamilton, 3\u20136, 3\u20136, 9\u20137, 6\u20134, 7\u20135.", "One of them, the handsome but hypocritical Eugen, shuns Fox for his proletarian manners, but quickly changes his mind when he learns that Fox has won 500,000 German marks in the lottery. The unscrupulous Eugen immediately leaves his boyfriend, Philip, and, with no effort, entices Fox who he finds easy prey. They spend the night at Eugen\u2019s apartment, starting a relationship. The next morning, Philip finds them together, but Eugen convinces Philip to step aside for some time. Later, Fox and Eugen go to a working-class gay bar and then to an up-market restaurant, where they meet Eugen's two other friends. Eugen then takes Fox round his new factory. Later, Fox goes to a gay spa and talks to Max, who suggests investing in Eugen's company. Fox then takes out 100,000 marks and gives them to Eugen; they go to the factory to tell Eugen's father. Eugen gets evicted from his apartment for moral reasons (two men living together); he suggests that Fox buy his own apartment. They visit one and Fox buys it, then buys furniture from Max for 80,000 marks. They go clothes-shopping at Eugen's ex-boyfriend's, Philip's shop, and again Fox pays for it all. Later, they have lunch at Eugen's parents' home and Fox has no table manners. He then signs a contract for the 100,000-Mark loan, which he barely understands. (Eugen's attorney, realizing that Fox is barely literate, gives him only a cursory, patronizing explanation of the contract before he signs.) Fox and Eugen go to the gay bar, and find that Klaus has been released from prison; Fox lends him 30,000 marks, and Eugen is jealous.", "Amar Babaria Amar Babaria is an Indian actor, director, writer, ad film director, and a theater artist, & voice artist . He speaks Hindi, English, Gujarati, Marathi, and Urdu. Amar Babaria started his career as a theatre actor during his college days and won several awards and rewards for his outstanding performances. Professionally, Amar Babaria started with an English play titled \"Carry On Professor\" in 1995. During early years of his theatre career he did many plays (dramas) in various languages, such as English, Marathi, Gujarati, Hindi and Urdu. In 1997, he traveled to USA and Canada for his Gujarati play, \"Derani Jethani\" and got lots of appreciation for his work. In 1999, he did a Hindi play titled \"Maa Retire Hoti Hai\" with Jaya Bachchan and in 2000, a Hindi Play titled \"Dr. Mukta\" with Jaya Bachchan and in 2001 did Hindi play titled \"Pati, Patni, Aur Mein\" with the super star, Shatrughan Sinha. All three plays were directed by Ramesh Talwar. These plays were performed in different parts of India, United States, canada United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, etc. Since 2005 Amar Babaria is actively involved in TV commercials, Corporate videos, films, short films, music video, print shoots copywriting & jingles for ad films, He is currently the owner of production house \"Actors and Models\" (actorsandmodels.in), which specializes in Model portfolios, Glamour shoots, Jewelry Shoots, Cover shoots, Magazine & Print shoots, Indoor and outdoor shoots, Ad films, TV commercials, Documentaries, Hoardings & Pamphlet ads, Corporate films, and Music videos. Amar Babaria has work on several projects for Hollywood films, Telegu, Tamil, Kannada films,dubbings..", "Horace Chapman (tennis) Horace Chapman (1866\u20131937) was a British tennis player who was at his peak in the 1890s. At Wimbledon 1890 Chapman lost in the first round to Ernest Lewis. He lost in the quarter finals in 1891 to Harold Mahony. In 1892 he lost in the semis to Ernest Lewis. In 1893 he lost in round one to Manliffe Goodbody. In 1894 he lost in round one to Tom Chaytor. In 1895 he lost his first match to Herbert Baddeley. In 1896 he beat Charles P. Dixon before losing to Harold Nisbet. Chapman won several tournaments: the Sussex Championships in 1889 (over Wilberforce Eaves), Dinard in 1890 (over Arthur Gore), Bournemouth in 1891 and 1892, the Kent Championships in 1894 (beating Sydney Smith, Manliffe Goodbody and Harry Barlow) and Boulogne in 1899."], "answer": {"text": "devote himself to writing.", "answer_start": 1353}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else do you know about his wife", "answer": {"text": "In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#4", "question": "What did he write", "rewrite": "What did Eugene O'Neill write", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Monte Cristo Cottage Monte Cristo Cottage (also known as Eugene O'Neill Summer House) was the summer home of American actor James O'Neill and his family, notably his son Eugene O'Neill. It is a National Historic Landmark located at 325 Pequot Avenue in New London, Connecticut. James O'Neill came to New London, Connecticut in June 1884 and purchased two plots of land on Pequot Avenue for his wife Ella's 27th birthday. The property included a cottage built in the 1840s which he expanded. It is now a two-story house, three bays wide with a porch that wraps around the front to the north side. A tower with pyramidal roof stands just beyond the porch on the north side. It was the principal family residence during Eugene O'Neill's childhood. As a child, Eugene spent much of the year traveling with his actor father touring from city to city, but the family returned to this cottage each summer. It was named for the play in which his father starred in touring productions for many years. O'Neill probably wrote his first two plays here, and it is the setting of his plays \" Ah, Wilderness!\" and \"Long Day's Journey into Night\". The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with O'Neill. The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center purchased it in 1976 and operates it as a historic house museum, furnished to appear as it might have for the setting of \"Long Day's Journey into Night\". The house also features exhibits about O'Neill's life and works, as well as artifacts and memorabilia, including the desk which he used to write his drama \"Anna Christie\" which won him the Pulitzer Prize.", "Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site The Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, located in Danville, California, preserves Tao House, the Monterey Colonial hillside home of America's only Nobel Prize-winning playwright, Eugene O'Neill. Eugene O'Neill had won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, and used the prize money to build what he named Tao House above Danville. O'Neill and his wife lived in the home from 1937 to 1944. By the time he moved here, O'Neill had already lived in over 35 places, but he called this secluded house his \"final home and harbor\". At this home, O'Neill wrote his final plays: \"The Iceman Cometh\", \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\", \"Hughie\", and \"A Moon for the Misbegotten\". Due to a degenerative condition in his hand, he was unable to complete another play after 1943. O'Neill and his wife, actress Carlotta Monterey, showed their interest in Asian art, decor, and thought in preparing the home. The two personally designed the two-story, three-bedroom home from the ground up. The ceilings were dark blue to mimic the sky with dark wood floors representing the earth, as well as Noh masks, Chinese guardian statues, and Chinese lacquerware furnishings throughout the interior. Outside, Carlotta installed a garden in a zigzag pattern which Chinese tradition indicated would keep away evil spirits. They also planted several trees, including pine, almond, and redwood. The O'Neills moved to Boston after World War II. The house was saved from demolition in the early 1970s. Several women formed the Eugene O\u2019Neill Foundation, including president Darlene Blair and executive vice president Lois Sizoo, in order to raise money to buy Tao House, which had been named a National Landmark in 1971.", "In 1945 he had a sealed copy of the manuscript placed in the document vault of publisher Random House, instructing that it not be published until 25 years after his death. He sent a second sealed copy to the O'Neill collection at Yale University. Soon after O'Neill's death, his widow Carlotta Monterey demanded that Random House contravene O'Neill's explicit wishes and publish the play at once. \"We refused, of course,\" wrote publisher Bennett Cerf in his memoirs, \"but then were horrified to learn that legally all the cards were in her hand. \u2026 I do not regret that we took the stand we did, because I still think we were right. \" Monterey had the play published by the Yale University Press in 1956, with the bulk of the proceeds deeded to Yale's Eugene O'Neill Collection and for scholarships at its drama school. In key aspects, the play closely parallels Eugene O'Neill's own life. The location, a summer home in Connecticut, corresponds to the family home, Monte Cristo Cottage, in New London, Connecticut (the small town of the play). The actual cottage, today owned and operated by the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, is made up as it may appear in the play. The family in the script corresponds to the O'Neill family, which was Irish-American, with three name changes: The family name \"O'Neill\" is changed to \"Tyrone,\" which is the name of the earldom granted to Conn O'Neill by Henry VIII. The names of the second and third sons are reversed, \"Eugene\" with \"Edmund\". In fact, Eugene, the playwright, was the third and the youngest child, and he corresponds to the character of \"Edmund\" in the play.", "Eugene M. O'Neill Eugene M O'Neill (September 10, 1850 \u2013 November 26, 1926) was an Irish-born American lawyer and newspaper owner. O'Neill was born in Clonroche, County Wexford, Ireland, the son of Hugh O'Neill, headmaster of town school, and Kate (Navin) O'Neill. He received his primary education at the local school run by his father then went to the University of Dublin where he graduated at age 17. After graduation O'Neill, emigrated to the United States in March, 1867 to Pittsburgh. At the time, O'Neill's brother, Daniel O'Neill, was publisher, editor, and owner of the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\", and O'Neill started work on the paper as a reporter. He worked at the paper as an editorial writer until 1874, when he began practicing law. He was admitted to the bar of Allegheny County and practiced in both county and city courts for three years. In 1875, he was elected City Councilman of Pittsburgh, the only political office he ever accepted. When his brother died on 30 January 1877, O'Neill took over management of the paper, a position he retained until again retiring from newspaper work in March 1902. In addition to practicing law and his work in journalism, O'Neill was an active investor in real estate and industry, accumulating a fortune which at his death was estimated at $8,000,000. Eugene married Daniel's widow, Mrs Emily Martha \"Emma\" (Seely) O'Neill. They had no children. The couple lived in the family home \"Linden House\" in Pittsburgh, located on the corner of Penn Avenue and Linden Street. O'Neill died on 26 November 1926 at St Luke's Hospital in New York City after a three month illness. The cause of death was pneumonia.", "Eugene O'Neill Award The Eugene O'Neill Award (also known as \"The Eugene O'Neill Scholarship Award\" or \"The Eugene O'Neill Acting Award\"), is one of Sweden's finest awards for stage actors. Established by the American playwright Eugene O'Neill, it was first awarded in 1956. Just before Eugene O'Neill died in 1953 he drew up a will in which he gave the then not yet staged play \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\" (written in 1941) to the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Sweden's national theatre, along with exclusive first performance rights. The gesture was as thanks for Dramaten's continued interest in staging his plays (more so than any other theatre in the world), and for the Swedes' appreciation of his work long before he became recognized internationally, or in his home country (O'Neill was also the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936). Later on, his widow Carlotta Monterey O'Neill also gave Dramaten the performing rights to \"A Touch of the Poet\" (written in 1942), \"Hughie\" and \"More Stately Mansions\". She refused staging fees for his plays in Sweden, provided that 8% of the royalties from the revenues of each performance were given to the Eugene O'Neill Memory Fund, which manages the money for the scholarship award. The award is bestowed annually on the 16th of October (O'Neill's birthday) and is, according to O'Neill's own wishes, given to \"highly deserving actors of Dramaten\". Recipients of the award are decided by Dramaten's board of directors. The prize money currently consists of SEK 30,000 (approximately 4,000 USD)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else do you know about his wife", "answer": {"text": "In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do career wise", "answer": {"text": "devote himself to writing.", "answer_start": 1353, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#5", "question": "Anything else stood out for Eugene", "rewrite": "Besides writing, anything else stood out for Eugene", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "The relations between Zapatero and former U.S. president George W. Bush were difficult, mostly as a result of Zapatero's opposition to the Iraq War. On 12 October 2003, during the Fiesta Nacional de Espa\u00f1a military parade held in Madrid, then opposition leader and presidential candidate Zapatero remained seated as a U.S. Marine Corps honour guard carrying the American flag walked past Zapatero and other VIPs. Everybody else stood as with the rest of the foreign guest armies representations. He declared afterwards that his action was a protest against the war and certainly not intended as an insult to the American people. Later on, during an official visit to Tunisia shortly after Zapatero was elected, he asked all of the countries with troops in Iraq to withdraw their soldiers. This declaration moved Bush to send a letter expressing discontent to the Spanish premier. American troops were subsequently instructed to not take part during the traditional military parade on the Spanish national holiday in 2004 and in 2005, something which they used to, as both the Spanish and American armies \u2013being NATO allies\u2013 are part of joint humanitarian missions; American troops returned to the military parade in 2006; this time Zapatero, being the Spanish premier, stood. Zapatero publicly stated his support for John Kerry as a candidate running in the U.S. Presidential election in 2004. After the election took place, winner George W. Bush did not return Zapatero's congratulation phone call, though the White House firmly denied that Bush's intention was to snub the Spanish prime minister. Meanwhile, Zapatero repeatedly insisted that Spain's relations with the United States were good.", "To the west of the temple on the modern Maidenburgh Street was a 3,000 seat capacity Roman theatre, which now has the Norman chapel of St Helena built into the corner of it, currently open to public viewing. Opposite the Temple, on the south side of the Decumanus Maximus, the remains of a possible Basilica have been identified. At least seven Romano-Celtic temples have been identified at Camulodunum, with the largest located at the Gosbecks area to the south of the town, built within the site of a former Iron-Age enclosure. A large portico with an eastern entrance ran all the way around the outside of the site, with a solid outer wall, a row of columns down the centre of the portico and a second row of columns around the inner side. In all there were about 260 columns placed 2 m apart, and reaching a height of at least 5 m. The portico ran around the outside of a deep, Iron-Age enclosure ditch, which separated the portico from the central space in the middle of the site. This central space contained a large Romano-Celtic temple, which stood off-centre, leading to suggestions that something else stood at the heart of the religious complex. Next to the Gosbecks temple stood a second 5,000 seat theatre, Britain's largest at 82 m in diameter. A group of four Romano-Celtic temples stood at the Sheepen industrial site, one of which was dedicated to Jupiter. \"Temple I\" at the Sheepen site was found to be enclosed by a large, buttressed precinct wall during excavations in 1935 and 2014. In 2005, the only known Roman circus in Britain was discovered on the southern outskirts of the colonia. It is about 450 metres long, with eight starting-gates, and it was built in the early 2nd century.", "The truth is that he raised Nature to the rank of God by conceiving Nature as the fulness of reality, as the One and All. He rejected the specious simplicity obtainable by denying the reality of Matter, or of Mind, or of God. The cosmic system comprehends them all. In fact, God and Nature become identical when each is conceived as the Perfect Self-Existent. This constitutes Spinoza's \"Pantheism\". According to Spinoza, God has \"attributes\". One attribute is 'extension', another attribute is 'thought', and there are infinitely many such attributes. Since Spinoza holds that to exist is to \"act\", some readers take 'extension' to refer to an activity characteristic of bodies (for example, the active process of taking up space, exercising physical power, or resisting a change of place or shape). They take 'thought' to refer to the activity that is characteristic of minds, namely thinking, the exercise of mental power. Each attribute has modes. All bodies are modes of extension, and all ideas are modes of thought. Spinoza's ideas relating to the character and structure of reality are expressed by him in terms of \"substance\", \"attributes\", and \"modes\". These terms are very old and familiar, but not in the sense in which Spinoza employs them. To understand Spinoza, it is necessary to lay aside all preconceptions about them, and follow Spinoza closely. Spinoza found it impossible to understand the finite, dependent, transient objects and events of experience without assuming some reality not dependent on anything else but self-existent, not produced by anything else but eternal, not restricted or limited by anything else but infinite. Such an uncaused, self-sustaining reality he called \"substance\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 1943, O'Neill disowned his daughter Oona for marrying the English actor, director, and producer Charlie Chaplin when she was 18", "answer_start": 1527}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else do you know about his wife", "answer": {"text": "In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do career wise", "answer": {"text": "devote himself to writing.", "answer_start": 1353, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he write", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#6", "question": "What else did he do in the years", "rewrite": "In addition to disowned his daughter, what else did Eugene O'Neill do in the years", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr. (1910-1950). In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918. They lived in a home owned by her parents in Point Pleasant, New Jersey, after their marriage. The years of their marriage--during which the couple lived in Connecticut and Bermuda and had two children, Shane and Oona--are described vividly in her 1958 memoir Part of a Long Story. They divorced in 1929, after O'Neill abandoned Boulton and the children for the actress Carlotta Monterey (born San Francisco, California, December 28, 1888; died Westwood, New Jersey, November 18, 1970). O'Neill and Carlotta married less than a month after he officially divorced his previous wife. In 1929, O'Neill and Monterey moved to the Loire Valley in central France, where they lived in the Chateau du Plessis in Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, Indre-et-Loire. During the early 1930s they returned to the United States and lived in Sea Island, Georgia, at a house called Casa Genotta. He moved to Danville, California in 1937 and lived there until 1944. His house there, Tao House, is today the Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site. In their first years together, Monterey organized O'Neill's life, enabling him to devote himself to writing. She later became addicted to potassium bromide, and the marriage deteriorated, resulting in a number of separations, although they never divorced. In 1943, O'Neill disowned his daughter Oona for marrying the English actor, director, and producer Charlie Chaplin when she was 18 and Chaplin was 54.", "Eugene O'Neill Award The Eugene O'Neill Award (also known as \"The Eugene O'Neill Scholarship Award\" or \"The Eugene O'Neill Acting Award\"), is one of Sweden's finest awards for stage actors. Established by the American playwright Eugene O'Neill, it was first awarded in 1956. Just before Eugene O'Neill died in 1953 he drew up a will in which he gave the then not yet staged play \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\" (written in 1941) to the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Sweden's national theatre, along with exclusive first performance rights. The gesture was as thanks for Dramaten's continued interest in staging his plays (more so than any other theatre in the world), and for the Swedes' appreciation of his work long before he became recognized internationally, or in his home country (O'Neill was also the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936). Later on, his widow Carlotta Monterey O'Neill also gave Dramaten the performing rights to \"A Touch of the Poet\" (written in 1942), \"Hughie\" and \"More Stately Mansions\". She refused staging fees for his plays in Sweden, provided that 8% of the royalties from the revenues of each performance were given to the Eugene O'Neill Memory Fund, which manages the money for the scholarship award. The award is bestowed annually on the 16th of October (O'Neill's birthday) and is, according to O'Neill's own wishes, given to \"highly deserving actors of Dramaten\". Recipients of the award are decided by Dramaten's board of directors. The prize money currently consists of SEK 30,000 (approximately 4,000 USD).", "Daniel O'Neill (editor) Daniel O'Neill immigrated to the United States from Ireland in 1851, settling in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He became editor and owner of the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\" newspaper along with his brother Eugene M. O'Neill. O'Neill served several terms on the Pittsburgh City Council. Daniel, born Daniel O'Connell O'Neill, at Cloughbawn, County Wexford, Ireland on New Year's Day, 1830. His father, Mr. Hugh O'Neill, was principal of a school there. His mother was Kate (Navin) O'Neill. He was the eldest of twelve children. O'Neill's interest in journalism began at an early age and he was a contributor to the \"Wexford Independent\". O'Neill emigrated to the United States in 1851 and settled in Pittsburgh. His first job was as a reporter with the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\" newspaper, then owned by Colonel J. Heron Foster. After five years with the \"Dispatch\", O'Neill took a job as local editor of a rival newspaper, the \"Chronicle\". When the American Civil War broke out he covered the news for the \"Chronicle\" as a war correspondent. Returning to Pittsburgh after the war, O'Neill purchased a share in the \"Dispatch\" Over time he and his brother Eugene M O'Neill eventually acquired full control of the \"Dispatch\" and Daniel acted as business manager and editor. Perhaps his impact at the paper can be summed up by comments which appeared at the time of his death;  In addition to his activities with the newspaper, O'Neill served several terms in the Pittsburgh City Council and was a member of the Electoral College of Pennsylvania. Daniel O'Neill was first married to Mary O'Neill, daughter of James O'Neill and Rebecca Burchell on 12 April 1853. They did not have children", "His lines came out by rote and his performances became lackadaisical. He tried other plays but \"The Three Musketeers\" and \"Julius Caesar\" met with indifferent response, and O'Neill was forced to return to \"Monte Cristo\" in order to recoup the losses sustained in \"artistic successes\". \"Monte Cristo\" remained a popular favorite and would continue to make its appearance on tour as regular as clockwork. O'Neill could not afford to sacrifice wealth in the face of a growing family. His son Eugene was born in New York on October 16, 1888. He went on to play this role over 6000 times. Some, including Eugene, saw O'Neill's willingness to play the role so many times as selling out; squandering the potential of his art in order to make money. By 1887, The \"San Francisco Morning Call\" estimated O'Neill's fortune at a quarter of a million dollars. In March 1894, O'Neill took on the role of Shane O'Neill in the play \"The Prince of Ulster\". According to his son, Eugene,   My father was really a remarkable actor, but the enormous success of \"Monte Cristo\" kept him from doing other things. He could go out year after year and clear fifty thousand in a season. He thought that he simply couldn't afford to do anything else. But in his later years he was full of bitter regrets. He felt \"Monte Cristo\" had ruined his career as an artist. The company toured as far west at St. Louis; Eugene O'Neill who had given up his studies at Princeton, was the assistant treasurer. He left the company to begin his wanderings at sea. O'Neill converted \"Monte Cristo\" into tabloid form for the vaudeville circuit to accommodate changing taste in theater entertainment.", "Eugene M. O'Neill Eugene M O'Neill (September 10, 1850 \u2013 November 26, 1926) was an Irish-born American lawyer and newspaper owner. O'Neill was born in Clonroche, County Wexford, Ireland, the son of Hugh O'Neill, headmaster of town school, and Kate (Navin) O'Neill. He received his primary education at the local school run by his father then went to the University of Dublin where he graduated at age 17. After graduation O'Neill, emigrated to the United States in March, 1867 to Pittsburgh. At the time, O'Neill's brother, Daniel O'Neill, was publisher, editor, and owner of the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\", and O'Neill started work on the paper as a reporter. He worked at the paper as an editorial writer until 1874, when he began practicing law. He was admitted to the bar of Allegheny County and practiced in both county and city courts for three years. In 1875, he was elected City Councilman of Pittsburgh, the only political office he ever accepted. When his brother died on 30 January 1877, O'Neill took over management of the paper, a position he retained until again retiring from newspaper work in March 1902. In addition to practicing law and his work in journalism, O'Neill was an active investor in real estate and industry, accumulating a fortune which at his death was estimated at $8,000,000. Eugene married Daniel's widow, Mrs Emily Martha \"Emma\" (Seely) O'Neill. They had no children. The couple lived in the family home \"Linden House\" in Pittsburgh, located on the corner of Penn Avenue and Linden Street. O'Neill died on 26 November 1926 at St Luke's Hospital in New York City after a three month illness. The cause of death was pneumonia."], "answer": {"text": "He also had distant relationships with his sons. Eugene O'Neill, Jr., a Yale classicist, suffered from alcoholism and committed suicide", "answer_start": 25}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else do you know about his wife", "answer": {"text": "In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do career wise", "answer": {"text": "devote himself to writing.", "answer_start": 1353, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he write", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else stood out for Eugene", "answer": {"text": "In 1943, O'Neill disowned his daughter Oona for marrying the English actor, director, and producer Charlie Chaplin when she was 18", "answer_start": 1527, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ce8d2a911af5437fa5fd1b17109a40ad_1_q#7", "question": "When did he die", "rewrite": "When did Eugene O'Neill die", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Monte Cristo Cottage Monte Cristo Cottage (also known as Eugene O'Neill Summer House) was the summer home of American actor James O'Neill and his family, notably his son Eugene O'Neill. It is a National Historic Landmark located at 325 Pequot Avenue in New London, Connecticut. James O'Neill came to New London, Connecticut in June 1884 and purchased two plots of land on Pequot Avenue for his wife Ella's 27th birthday. The property included a cottage built in the 1840s which he expanded. It is now a two-story house, three bays wide with a porch that wraps around the front to the north side. A tower with pyramidal roof stands just beyond the porch on the north side. It was the principal family residence during Eugene O'Neill's childhood. As a child, Eugene spent much of the year traveling with his actor father touring from city to city, but the family returned to this cottage each summer. It was named for the play in which his father starred in touring productions for many years. O'Neill probably wrote his first two plays here, and it is the setting of his plays \" Ah, Wilderness!\" and \"Long Day's Journey into Night\". The house was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971 for its association with O'Neill. The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center purchased it in 1976 and operates it as a historic house museum, furnished to appear as it might have for the setting of \"Long Day's Journey into Night\". The house also features exhibits about O'Neill's life and works, as well as artifacts and memorabilia, including the desk which he used to write his drama \"Anna Christie\" which won him the Pulitzer Prize.", "Eugene O'Neill Award The Eugene O'Neill Award (also known as \"The Eugene O'Neill Scholarship Award\" or \"The Eugene O'Neill Acting Award\"), is one of Sweden's finest awards for stage actors. Established by the American playwright Eugene O'Neill, it was first awarded in 1956. Just before Eugene O'Neill died in 1953 he drew up a will in which he gave the then not yet staged play \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\" (written in 1941) to the Royal Dramatic Theatre, Sweden's national theatre, along with exclusive first performance rights. The gesture was as thanks for Dramaten's continued interest in staging his plays (more so than any other theatre in the world), and for the Swedes' appreciation of his work long before he became recognized internationally, or in his home country (O'Neill was also the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1936). Later on, his widow Carlotta Monterey O'Neill also gave Dramaten the performing rights to \"A Touch of the Poet\" (written in 1942), \"Hughie\" and \"More Stately Mansions\". She refused staging fees for his plays in Sweden, provided that 8% of the royalties from the revenues of each performance were given to the Eugene O'Neill Memory Fund, which manages the money for the scholarship award. The award is bestowed annually on the 16th of October (O'Neill's birthday) and is, according to O'Neill's own wishes, given to \"highly deserving actors of Dramaten\". Recipients of the award are decided by Dramaten's board of directors. The prize money currently consists of SEK 30,000 (approximately 4,000 USD).", "Eugene M. O'Neill Eugene M O'Neill (September 10, 1850 \u2013 November 26, 1926) was an Irish-born American lawyer and newspaper owner. O'Neill was born in Clonroche, County Wexford, Ireland, the son of Hugh O'Neill, headmaster of town school, and Kate (Navin) O'Neill. He received his primary education at the local school run by his father then went to the University of Dublin where he graduated at age 17. After graduation O'Neill, emigrated to the United States in March, 1867 to Pittsburgh. At the time, O'Neill's brother, Daniel O'Neill, was publisher, editor, and owner of the \"Pittsburgh Dispatch\", and O'Neill started work on the paper as a reporter. He worked at the paper as an editorial writer until 1874, when he began practicing law. He was admitted to the bar of Allegheny County and practiced in both county and city courts for three years. In 1875, he was elected City Councilman of Pittsburgh, the only political office he ever accepted. When his brother died on 30 January 1877, O'Neill took over management of the paper, a position he retained until again retiring from newspaper work in March 1902. In addition to practicing law and his work in journalism, O'Neill was an active investor in real estate and industry, accumulating a fortune which at his death was estimated at $8,000,000. Eugene married Daniel's widow, Mrs Emily Martha \"Emma\" (Seely) O'Neill. They had no children. The couple lived in the family home \"Linden House\" in Pittsburgh, located on the corner of Penn Avenue and Linden Street. O'Neill died on 26 November 1926 at St Luke's Hospital in New York City after a three month illness. The cause of death was pneumonia.", "Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site The Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, located in Danville, California, preserves Tao House, the Monterey Colonial hillside home of America's only Nobel Prize-winning playwright, Eugene O'Neill. Eugene O'Neill had won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936, and used the prize money to build what he named Tao House above Danville. O'Neill and his wife lived in the home from 1937 to 1944. By the time he moved here, O'Neill had already lived in over 35 places, but he called this secluded house his \"final home and harbor\". At this home, O'Neill wrote his final plays: \"The Iceman Cometh\", \"Long Day's Journey Into Night\", \"Hughie\", and \"A Moon for the Misbegotten\". Due to a degenerative condition in his hand, he was unable to complete another play after 1943. O'Neill and his wife, actress Carlotta Monterey, showed their interest in Asian art, decor, and thought in preparing the home. The two personally designed the two-story, three-bedroom home from the ground up. The ceilings were dark blue to mimic the sky with dark wood floors representing the earth, as well as Noh masks, Chinese guardian statues, and Chinese lacquerware furnishings throughout the interior. Outside, Carlotta installed a garden in a zigzag pattern which Chinese tradition indicated would keep away evil spirits. They also planted several trees, including pine, almond, and redwood. The O'Neills moved to Boston after World War II. The house was saved from demolition in the early 1970s. Several women formed the Eugene O\u2019Neill Foundation, including president Darlene Blair and executive vice president Lois Sizoo, in order to raise money to buy Tao House, which had been named a National Landmark in 1971.", "In 1945 he had a sealed copy of the manuscript placed in the document vault of publisher Random House, instructing that it not be published until 25 years after his death. He sent a second sealed copy to the O'Neill collection at Yale University. Soon after O'Neill's death, his widow Carlotta Monterey demanded that Random House contravene O'Neill's explicit wishes and publish the play at once. \"We refused, of course,\" wrote publisher Bennett Cerf in his memoirs, \"but then were horrified to learn that legally all the cards were in her hand. \u2026 I do not regret that we took the stand we did, because I still think we were right. \" Monterey had the play published by the Yale University Press in 1956, with the bulk of the proceeds deeded to Yale's Eugene O'Neill Collection and for scholarships at its drama school. In key aspects, the play closely parallels Eugene O'Neill's own life. The location, a summer home in Connecticut, corresponds to the family home, Monte Cristo Cottage, in New London, Connecticut (the small town of the play). The actual cottage, today owned and operated by the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, is made up as it may appear in the play. The family in the script corresponds to the O'Neill family, which was Irish-American, with three name changes: The family name \"O'Neill\" is changed to \"Tyrone,\" which is the name of the earldom granted to Conn O'Neill by Henry VIII. The names of the second and third sons are reversed, \"Eugene\" with \"Edmund\". In fact, Eugene, the playwright, was the third and the youngest child, and he corresponds to the character of \"Edmund\" in the play."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was Eugene O'Neill parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, 1909 to 1912, during which time they had one son, Eugene O'Neill, Jr.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else do you know about his wife", "answer": {"text": "In 1917, O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, a successful writer of commercial fiction, and they married on April 12, 1918.", "answer_start": 139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do career wise", "answer": {"text": "devote himself to writing.", "answer_start": 1353, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he write", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else stood out for Eugene", "answer": {"text": "In 1943, O'Neill disowned his daughter Oona for marrying the English actor, director, and producer Charlie Chaplin when she was 18", "answer_start": 1527, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in the years", "answer": {"text": "He also had distant relationships with his sons. Eugene O'Neill, Jr., a Yale classicist, suffered from alcoholism and committed suicide", "answer_start": 25, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7243928fb56f4177b004ba20f1d2b42f_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Mary Chapin Carpenter born?", "rewrite": "Where was Mary Chapin Carpenter born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A Place in the World (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) A Place in the World is the sixth album by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and was a No. 3 Country Album on the Billboard charts. Album tracks that entered the Hot Country Singles chart were \"Let Me into Your Heart\" at No. 11, \"I Want to Be Your Girlfriend\" at No. 35, and \"Keeping the Faith\" at No. 58. Carpenter wrote all of the songs on the album singlehandedly. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. Strings and horns conducted and arranged by Michael \"Rico\" Petruccelli.", "The Calling (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) The Calling is the ninth studio album released from country music singer Mary Chapin Carpenter. It is the follow-up album to her 2004 album, \"Between Here and Gone\". \" The Calling\" was released on March 6, 2007 on Zo\u00eb Records. Carpenter had previously been on Columbia Nashville, this being her first release after leaving Columbia. Like her previous album, she wrote every track on the album. From the album, two singles were released. \" On With the Song\" and \"It Must Have Happened\", were released, but neither of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs. Although Carpenter hasn't had a charting single since 2001s \"Simple Life\", \"The Calling\" reached its peak of #10 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Thom Jurek of Allmusic said \"Time will tell, of course, but in \"The Calling\", Carpenter may have her finest moment yet; it also feels like an artistic rebirth. These songs come from her marrow and the conviction she sings them with proves it. Carpenter and her co-producer Matt Rollings should be awfully proud of this one. \" The album was also given 4 stars out of 5. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. All singles failed to chart", "Mary Chapin Carpenter discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter consists of fifteen studio albums, four compilation albums, three video albums, forty-one singles, fifteen music videos, and eighty-eight album appearances. After recording a demo tape, she was signed to Columbia Records in 1987 and released her debut studio album \"Hometown Girl\" (1987). In June 1989, Carpenter's second studio album \"State of the Heart\" was issued, which transitioned more towards country music. Among its four singles, both \"Never Had It So Good\" and \"Quittin' Time\" became top 10 hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart. \" Shooting Straight in the Dark\" was released in October 1990 and certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Its third single \"Down at the Twist and Shout\" won the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1992 and became a top ten hit. In June 1992, Carpenter released \"Come On Come On\", which became her best-selling record. From seven singles issued, the songs \"I Feel Lucky\", \"Passionate Kisses\", and \"He Thinks He'll Keep Her\" became top ten hits on the Billboard country chart. Her fifth album \"Stones in the Road\" (1994) debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and number 10 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Its lead single \"Shut Up and Kiss Me\" topped the Billboard country chart in 1994. Her sixth studio release entitled \"A Place in the World\" (1996) certified gold in sales in the United States. \" Party Doll and Other Favorites\" (1998) was Carpenter's first compilation album, also certifying gold in sales from the RIAA. Carpenter entered the 2000s with her seventh studio album \" Time * Sex", "The Age of Miracles (album) The Age of Miracles is the eleventh studio album released by American music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. The album was released on April 27, 2010 on Zo\u00eb Records and was produced by Carpenter and Matt Rollings. \"The Age of Miracles\" is Carpenter's third album released under the Zo\u00eb record label, and is also her first studio album since \"The Calling\" in 2007. The album peaked at #6 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Top Country Albums chart and #28 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. \"The Age of Miracles\" consists of twelve tracks of new material, all of which were written solely by Mary Chapin Carpenter. In a recent interview, Carpenter explained the album's thematic significance. She commented that the album's title track reflects on Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath, while the album's seventh track (\"Mrs. Hemingway\") is about the first wife of author Ernest Hemingway. She also mentioned that the fifth track \"4 June 1989\" explains the Tiananmen Square Massacre and its remembrance by Chinese activist Chen Gueng. The album is generally considered to feature a mix of styles. Cody Miller of PopMatters found that \"The Age of Miracles\" contained mainly a mixture of \"uptempo numbers and mournful ballads,\" and that the release was \"classic MCC: sober, insightful, whimsical, and beautiful.\" However, in contrast, Jonathan Keefe of \"Slant Magazine\" commented that the album's production never strays too far from the \"pedestrian, coffeehouse blend of hushed acoustic strumming. \" The album reflects its country roots, with Vince Gill and Alison Krauss performing background vocals on several songs. However, other tracks, such as the ninth song \" What You Look For,\" sound \"electric\" according to \"Engine 145\" magazine.", "State of the Heart (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) State of the Heart is singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter's second album. It is much more country sounding than her preceding basically folk d\u00e9but \"Hometown Girl\". \"State of the Heart\" eventually rose to the #28 position on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with four of its tracks finding places within the Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \" How Do\" at #19, \"Never Had It So Good\" at #8, \"Quittin' Time\" at #7, and \"Something of a Dreamer\" at #14. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted."], "answer": {"text": "Carpenter was born in Princeton, New Jersey,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7243928fb56f4177b004ba20f1d2b42f_1_q#1", "question": "When did she start playing music?", "rewrite": "When did Mary Chapin Carpenter start playing music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["State of the Heart (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) State of the Heart is singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter's second album. It is much more country sounding than her preceding basically folk d\u00e9but \"Hometown Girl\". \"State of the Heart\" eventually rose to the #28 position on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with four of its tracks finding places within the Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \" How Do\" at #19, \"Never Had It So Good\" at #8, \"Quittin' Time\" at #7, and \"Something of a Dreamer\" at #14. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted.", "The Calling (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) The Calling is the ninth studio album released from country music singer Mary Chapin Carpenter. It is the follow-up album to her 2004 album, \"Between Here and Gone\". \" The Calling\" was released on March 6, 2007 on Zo\u00eb Records. Carpenter had previously been on Columbia Nashville, this being her first release after leaving Columbia. Like her previous album, she wrote every track on the album. From the album, two singles were released. \" On With the Song\" and \"It Must Have Happened\", were released, but neither of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs. Although Carpenter hasn't had a charting single since 2001s \"Simple Life\", \"The Calling\" reached its peak of #10 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Thom Jurek of Allmusic said \"Time will tell, of course, but in \"The Calling\", Carpenter may have her finest moment yet; it also feels like an artistic rebirth. These songs come from her marrow and the conviction she sings them with proves it. Carpenter and her co-producer Matt Rollings should be awfully proud of this one. \" The album was also given 4 stars out of 5. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. All singles failed to chart", "Hometown Girl Hometown Girl is the debut album from American country music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released on July 30, 1987 (see 1987 in country music) on Columbia Records. The album did not produce any chart singles. It was produced by John Jennings, except for the track \"Come On Home\", which was produced by Steve Buckingham. Vik Iyengar of Allmusic gave the album a two-and-a-half star rating out of five, saying that although \"her songwriting skills are apparent\" on the album, it did not contain as many \"rollicking\" tunes as Carpenter's following albums. \"The Washington Post\" gave it a more favorable review, praising the songs that Carpenter wrote. Initially, Carpenter intended to include the John Stewart song \"Runaway Train\" on this album. Her version did not make the final cut, and was instead recorded by Rosanne Cash on her 1987 album \"King's Record Shop\". All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted. As listed in liner notes.", "Mary Chapin Carpenter discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter consists of fifteen studio albums, four compilation albums, three video albums, forty-one singles, fifteen music videos, and eighty-eight album appearances. After recording a demo tape, she was signed to Columbia Records in 1987 and released her debut studio album \"Hometown Girl\" (1987). In June 1989, Carpenter's second studio album \"State of the Heart\" was issued, which transitioned more towards country music. Among its four singles, both \"Never Had It So Good\" and \"Quittin' Time\" became top 10 hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart. \" Shooting Straight in the Dark\" was released in October 1990 and certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Its third single \"Down at the Twist and Shout\" won the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1992 and became a top ten hit. In June 1992, Carpenter released \"Come On Come On\", which became her best-selling record. From seven singles issued, the songs \"I Feel Lucky\", \"Passionate Kisses\", and \"He Thinks He'll Keep Her\" became top ten hits on the Billboard country chart. Her fifth album \"Stones in the Road\" (1994) debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and number 10 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Its lead single \"Shut Up and Kiss Me\" topped the Billboard country chart in 1994. Her sixth studio release entitled \"A Place in the World\" (1996) certified gold in sales in the United States. \" Party Doll and Other Favorites\" (1998) was Carpenter's first compilation album, also certifying gold in sales from the RIAA. Carpenter entered the 2000s with her seventh studio album \" Time * Sex", "A Place in the World (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) A Place in the World is the sixth album by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and was a No. 3 Country Album on the Billboard charts. Album tracks that entered the Hot Country Singles chart were \"Let Me into Your Heart\" at No. 11, \"I Want to Be Your Girlfriend\" at No. 35, and \"Keeping the Faith\" at No. 58. Carpenter wrote all of the songs on the album singlehandedly. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. Strings and horns conducted and arranged by Michael \"Rico\" Petruccelli."], "answer": {"text": "Carpenter spent much of her time in high school playing the guitar and piano;", "answer_start": 655}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Mary Chapin Carpenter born?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter was born in Princeton, New Jersey,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7243928fb56f4177b004ba20f1d2b42f_1_q#2", "question": "Were her parents musicians?", "rewrite": "Were Mary Chapin Carpenter's parents musicians?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Calling (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) The Calling is the ninth studio album released from country music singer Mary Chapin Carpenter. It is the follow-up album to her 2004 album, \"Between Here and Gone\". \" The Calling\" was released on March 6, 2007 on Zo\u00eb Records. Carpenter had previously been on Columbia Nashville, this being her first release after leaving Columbia. Like her previous album, she wrote every track on the album. From the album, two singles were released. \" On With the Song\" and \"It Must Have Happened\", were released, but neither of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs. Although Carpenter hasn't had a charting single since 2001s \"Simple Life\", \"The Calling\" reached its peak of #10 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Thom Jurek of Allmusic said \"Time will tell, of course, but in \"The Calling\", Carpenter may have her finest moment yet; it also feels like an artistic rebirth. These songs come from her marrow and the conviction she sings them with proves it. Carpenter and her co-producer Matt Rollings should be awfully proud of this one. \" The album was also given 4 stars out of 5. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. All singles failed to chart", "A Place in the World (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) A Place in the World is the sixth album by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and was a No. 3 Country Album on the Billboard charts. Album tracks that entered the Hot Country Singles chart were \"Let Me into Your Heart\" at No. 11, \"I Want to Be Your Girlfriend\" at No. 35, and \"Keeping the Faith\" at No. 58. Carpenter wrote all of the songs on the album singlehandedly. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. Strings and horns conducted and arranged by Michael \"Rico\" Petruccelli.", "Tom Chapin Tom Chapin (born March 13, 1945) is an American musician, entertainer, singer-songwriter, and storyteller. Chapin is the son of Jim Chapin and the brother of the late Harry Chapin. He graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School. He attended State University of New York at Plattsburgh and graduated in 1966. From 1971 to 1976, Chapin hosted \"Make a Wish\", a Sunday-morning TV series broadcast on ABC. He occasionally appears in Harry Chapin tribute concerts (often with brother Steve Chapin). He has appeared in the Broadway production \"Pump Boys and Dinettes\", among others. Chapin has branched in to the storytelling festival circuit and in 2007 was a Featured New Voices Teller at the National Storytelling Festival in Jonesborough, Tennessee. He is married to Bonnie Chapin (n\u00e9e Broecker), former wife of film director Wes Craven. His daughters and stepdaughter are musicians, as well (the Chapin Sisters). He is also the fifth cousin of country music singer Mary Chapin Carpenter. In April 2008, Chapin appeared at the New York State United Teachers' Convention, where he sang his song \"Not on the Test\" for delegates in support of the importance of arts and music education in the age of No Child Left Behind. This song debuted on NPR's \"Morning Edition\" in January 2007. His album with John Forster titled \"Broadsides: A Miscellany of Musical Opinion\" is a collection of socially conscious songs written for \"Morning Edition\"; Forster was nominated for a Grammy for his work producing Chapin's 1998 album \" In My Hometown\". Chapin continues support of WhyHunger (formerly World Hunger Year), a nonprofit organization cofounded by his brother Harry Chapin. He sits on their board of directors.", "Mary Chapin Carpenter discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter consists of fifteen studio albums, four compilation albums, three video albums, forty-one singles, fifteen music videos, and eighty-eight album appearances. After recording a demo tape, she was signed to Columbia Records in 1987 and released her debut studio album \"Hometown Girl\" (1987). In June 1989, Carpenter's second studio album \"State of the Heart\" was issued, which transitioned more towards country music. Among its four singles, both \"Never Had It So Good\" and \"Quittin' Time\" became top 10 hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart. \" Shooting Straight in the Dark\" was released in October 1990 and certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Its third single \"Down at the Twist and Shout\" won the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1992 and became a top ten hit. In June 1992, Carpenter released \"Come On Come On\", which became her best-selling record. From seven singles issued, the songs \"I Feel Lucky\", \"Passionate Kisses\", and \"He Thinks He'll Keep Her\" became top ten hits on the Billboard country chart. Her fifth album \"Stones in the Road\" (1994) debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and number 10 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Its lead single \"Shut Up and Kiss Me\" topped the Billboard country chart in 1994. Her sixth studio release entitled \"A Place in the World\" (1996) certified gold in sales in the United States. \" Party Doll and Other Favorites\" (1998) was Carpenter's first compilation album, also certifying gold in sales from the RIAA. Carpenter entered the 2000s with her seventh studio album \" Time * Sex", "State of the Heart (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) State of the Heart is singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter's second album. It is much more country sounding than her preceding basically folk d\u00e9but \"Hometown Girl\". \"State of the Heart\" eventually rose to the #28 position on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with four of its tracks finding places within the Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \" How Do\" at #19, \"Never Had It So Good\" at #8, \"Quittin' Time\" at #7, and \"Something of a Dreamer\" at #14. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Mary Chapin Carpenter born?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter was born in Princeton, New Jersey,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she start playing music?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter spent much of her time in high school playing the guitar and piano;", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7243928fb56f4177b004ba20f1d2b42f_1_q#3", "question": "Who were her early influences?", "rewrite": "Who were Mary Chapin Carpenter's early influences?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["State of the Heart (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) State of the Heart is singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter's second album. It is much more country sounding than her preceding basically folk d\u00e9but \"Hometown Girl\". \"State of the Heart\" eventually rose to the #28 position on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with four of its tracks finding places within the Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \" How Do\" at #19, \"Never Had It So Good\" at #8, \"Quittin' Time\" at #7, and \"Something of a Dreamer\" at #14. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted.", "The Calling (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) The Calling is the ninth studio album released from country music singer Mary Chapin Carpenter. It is the follow-up album to her 2004 album, \"Between Here and Gone\". \" The Calling\" was released on March 6, 2007 on Zo\u00eb Records. Carpenter had previously been on Columbia Nashville, this being her first release after leaving Columbia. Like her previous album, she wrote every track on the album. From the album, two singles were released. \" On With the Song\" and \"It Must Have Happened\", were released, but neither of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs. Although Carpenter hasn't had a charting single since 2001s \"Simple Life\", \"The Calling\" reached its peak of #10 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Thom Jurek of Allmusic said \"Time will tell, of course, but in \"The Calling\", Carpenter may have her finest moment yet; it also feels like an artistic rebirth. These songs come from her marrow and the conviction she sings them with proves it. Carpenter and her co-producer Matt Rollings should be awfully proud of this one. \" The album was also given 4 stars out of 5. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. All singles failed to chart", "A Place in the World (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) A Place in the World is the sixth album by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and was a No. 3 Country Album on the Billboard charts. Album tracks that entered the Hot Country Singles chart were \"Let Me into Your Heart\" at No. 11, \"I Want to Be Your Girlfriend\" at No. 35, and \"Keeping the Faith\" at No. 58. Carpenter wrote all of the songs on the album singlehandedly. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. Strings and horns conducted and arranged by Michael \"Rico\" Petruccelli.", "Hometown Girl Hometown Girl is the debut album from American country music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. It was released on July 30, 1987 (see 1987 in country music) on Columbia Records. The album did not produce any chart singles. It was produced by John Jennings, except for the track \"Come On Home\", which was produced by Steve Buckingham. Vik Iyengar of Allmusic gave the album a two-and-a-half star rating out of five, saying that although \"her songwriting skills are apparent\" on the album, it did not contain as many \"rollicking\" tunes as Carpenter's following albums. \"The Washington Post\" gave it a more favorable review, praising the songs that Carpenter wrote. Initially, Carpenter intended to include the John Stewart song \"Runaway Train\" on this album. Her version did not make the final cut, and was instead recorded by Rosanne Cash on her 1987 album \"King's Record Shop\". All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted. As listed in liner notes.", "Mary Chapin Carpenter discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter consists of fifteen studio albums, four compilation albums, three video albums, forty-one singles, fifteen music videos, and eighty-eight album appearances. After recording a demo tape, she was signed to Columbia Records in 1987 and released her debut studio album \"Hometown Girl\" (1987). In June 1989, Carpenter's second studio album \"State of the Heart\" was issued, which transitioned more towards country music. Among its four singles, both \"Never Had It So Good\" and \"Quittin' Time\" became top 10 hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart. \" Shooting Straight in the Dark\" was released in October 1990 and certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Its third single \"Down at the Twist and Shout\" won the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1992 and became a top ten hit. In June 1992, Carpenter released \"Come On Come On\", which became her best-selling record. From seven singles issued, the songs \"I Feel Lucky\", \"Passionate Kisses\", and \"He Thinks He'll Keep Her\" became top ten hits on the Billboard country chart. Her fifth album \"Stones in the Road\" (1994) debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and number 10 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Its lead single \"Shut Up and Kiss Me\" topped the Billboard country chart in 1994. Her sixth studio release entitled \"A Place in the World\" (1996) certified gold in sales in the United States. \" Party Doll and Other Favorites\" (1998) was Carpenter's first compilation album, also certifying gold in sales from the RIAA. Carpenter entered the 2000s with her seventh studio album \" Time * Sex"], "answer": {"text": "her musical interests defined chiefly by her sisters' albums of artists such as The Mamas & the Papas, The Beatles, and Judy Collins.", "answer_start": 389}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Mary Chapin Carpenter born?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter was born in Princeton, New Jersey,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she start playing music?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter spent much of her time in high school playing the guitar and piano;", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were her parents musicians?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7243928fb56f4177b004ba20f1d2b42f_1_q#4", "question": "Did she form any groups/bands as a young performer?", "rewrite": "Did Mary Chapin Carpenter form any groups/bands as a young performer?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["However, before she had the opportunity to record or release any product, a change in personnel at the label resulted in her being dropped from Motown. Rather than seek another major label, Redmond founded an independent music company, Spellbound Music, to handle both her albums and her original songs. With the exception of her third album \" Here I Am\", all of Redmond's material has been released on the Spellbound label. In 1995, Mary Ann Redmond formed her own supporting band and went out as a solo act, performing at Washington-area clubs and private parties. One of her first major shows was at the famed jazz club Blues Alley. This performance was recorded and released as Mary Ann's second CD, \"Live At Blues Alley\". Redmond became increasingly well known, earning awards and positive reviews in major trade publications such as \"Billboard\". Other artists began to seek her out, and she occasional worked with other performers in duos for specific shows. One of her friends was another upcoming artist of the period, Eva Cassidy. Redmond and Cassidy had different vocal styles but they admired one another's work, and performed together one night at \"Fleetwoods,\" and when Cassidy was stricken with cancer, Redmond sang at a Georgetown benefit to raise funds for her. Following Cassidy's death in 1996, Redmond added her vocals to a version of Cassidy's song, \"Hear,\" creating a recorded duet that is now considered a special track by fans of both women. After meeting fellow performer Jon Carroll, a member of Mary Chapin Carpenter's band, Carroll produced Redmond's 2000 CD, \" Here I Am\". The album includes a song written by Mary Chapin Carpenter for Redmond, \"Alone but Not Lonely.\" Another band member, John Jennings, later produced Redmond's 2005 release \"Send the Moon\".", "The Calling (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) The Calling is the ninth studio album released from country music singer Mary Chapin Carpenter. It is the follow-up album to her 2004 album, \"Between Here and Gone\". \" The Calling\" was released on March 6, 2007 on Zo\u00eb Records. Carpenter had previously been on Columbia Nashville, this being her first release after leaving Columbia. Like her previous album, she wrote every track on the album. From the album, two singles were released. \" On With the Song\" and \"It Must Have Happened\", were released, but neither of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs. Although Carpenter hasn't had a charting single since 2001s \"Simple Life\", \"The Calling\" reached its peak of #10 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Thom Jurek of Allmusic said \"Time will tell, of course, but in \"The Calling\", Carpenter may have her finest moment yet; it also feels like an artistic rebirth. These songs come from her marrow and the conviction she sings them with proves it. Carpenter and her co-producer Matt Rollings should be awfully proud of this one. \" The album was also given 4 stars out of 5. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. All singles failed to chart", "A Place in the World (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) A Place in the World is the sixth album by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and was a No. 3 Country Album on the Billboard charts. Album tracks that entered the Hot Country Singles chart were \"Let Me into Your Heart\" at No. 11, \"I Want to Be Your Girlfriend\" at No. 35, and \"Keeping the Faith\" at No. 58. Carpenter wrote all of the songs on the album singlehandedly. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. Strings and horns conducted and arranged by Michael \"Rico\" Petruccelli.", "Mary Chapin Carpenter discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter consists of fifteen studio albums, four compilation albums, three video albums, forty-one singles, fifteen music videos, and eighty-eight album appearances. After recording a demo tape, she was signed to Columbia Records in 1987 and released her debut studio album \"Hometown Girl\" (1987). In June 1989, Carpenter's second studio album \"State of the Heart\" was issued, which transitioned more towards country music. Among its four singles, both \"Never Had It So Good\" and \"Quittin' Time\" became top 10 hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart. \" Shooting Straight in the Dark\" was released in October 1990 and certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Its third single \"Down at the Twist and Shout\" won the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1992 and became a top ten hit. In June 1992, Carpenter released \"Come On Come On\", which became her best-selling record. From seven singles issued, the songs \"I Feel Lucky\", \"Passionate Kisses\", and \"He Thinks He'll Keep Her\" became top ten hits on the Billboard country chart. Her fifth album \"Stones in the Road\" (1994) debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and number 10 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Its lead single \"Shut Up and Kiss Me\" topped the Billboard country chart in 1994. Her sixth studio release entitled \"A Place in the World\" (1996) certified gold in sales in the United States. \" Party Doll and Other Favorites\" (1998) was Carpenter's first compilation album, also certifying gold in sales from the RIAA. Carpenter entered the 2000s with her seventh studio album \" Time * Sex", "State of the Heart (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) State of the Heart is singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter's second album. It is much more country sounding than her preceding basically folk d\u00e9but \"Hometown Girl\". \"State of the Heart\" eventually rose to the #28 position on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with four of its tracks finding places within the Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \" How Do\" at #19, \"Never Had It So Good\" at #8, \"Quittin' Time\" at #7, and \"Something of a Dreamer\" at #14. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted."], "answer": {"text": "Carpenter played some summer sets in Washington's music scene, where she met guitarist John Jennings, who would become her producer and long-time collaborator.", "answer_start": 1364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Mary Chapin Carpenter born?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter was born in Princeton, New Jersey,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she start playing music?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter spent much of her time in high school playing the guitar and piano;", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were her parents musicians?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were her early influences?", "answer": {"text": "her musical interests defined chiefly by her sisters' albums of artists such as The Mamas & the Papas, The Beatles, and Judy Collins.", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7243928fb56f4177b004ba20f1d2b42f_1_q#5", "question": "Did she attend college?", "rewrite": "Did Mary Chapin Carpenter attend college?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Age of Miracles (album) The Age of Miracles is the eleventh studio album released by American music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter. The album was released on April 27, 2010 on Zo\u00eb Records and was produced by Carpenter and Matt Rollings. \"The Age of Miracles\" is Carpenter's third album released under the Zo\u00eb record label, and is also her first studio album since \"The Calling\" in 2007. The album peaked at #6 on the \"Billboard Magazine\" Top Country Albums chart and #28 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart. \"The Age of Miracles\" consists of twelve tracks of new material, all of which were written solely by Mary Chapin Carpenter. In a recent interview, Carpenter explained the album's thematic significance. She commented that the album's title track reflects on Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath, while the album's seventh track (\"Mrs. Hemingway\") is about the first wife of author Ernest Hemingway. She also mentioned that the fifth track \"4 June 1989\" explains the Tiananmen Square Massacre and its remembrance by Chinese activist Chen Gueng. The album is generally considered to feature a mix of styles. Cody Miller of PopMatters found that \"The Age of Miracles\" contained mainly a mixture of \"uptempo numbers and mournful ballads,\" and that the release was \"classic MCC: sober, insightful, whimsical, and beautiful.\" However, in contrast, Jonathan Keefe of \"Slant Magazine\" commented that the album's production never strays too far from the \"pedestrian, coffeehouse blend of hushed acoustic strumming. \" The album reflects its country roots, with Vince Gill and Alison Krauss performing background vocals on several songs. However, other tracks, such as the ninth song \" What You Look For,\" sound \"electric\" according to \"Engine 145\" magazine.", "State of the Heart (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) State of the Heart is singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter's second album. It is much more country sounding than her preceding basically folk d\u00e9but \"Hometown Girl\". \"State of the Heart\" eventually rose to the #28 position on the Billboard Country Albums chart, with four of its tracks finding places within the Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \" How Do\" at #19, \"Never Had It So Good\" at #8, \"Quittin' Time\" at #7, and \"Something of a Dreamer\" at #14. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter unless noted.", "Mary Chapin Carpenter discography The discography of American singer-songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter consists of fifteen studio albums, four compilation albums, three video albums, forty-one singles, fifteen music videos, and eighty-eight album appearances. After recording a demo tape, she was signed to Columbia Records in 1987 and released her debut studio album \"Hometown Girl\" (1987). In June 1989, Carpenter's second studio album \"State of the Heart\" was issued, which transitioned more towards country music. Among its four singles, both \"Never Had It So Good\" and \"Quittin' Time\" became top 10 hits on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles and Tracks chart. \" Shooting Straight in the Dark\" was released in October 1990 and certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America. Its third single \"Down at the Twist and Shout\" won the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1992 and became a top ten hit. In June 1992, Carpenter released \"Come On Come On\", which became her best-selling record. From seven singles issued, the songs \"I Feel Lucky\", \"Passionate Kisses\", and \"He Thinks He'll Keep Her\" became top ten hits on the Billboard country chart. Her fifth album \"Stones in the Road\" (1994) debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and number 10 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Its lead single \"Shut Up and Kiss Me\" topped the Billboard country chart in 1994. Her sixth studio release entitled \"A Place in the World\" (1996) certified gold in sales in the United States. \" Party Doll and Other Favorites\" (1998) was Carpenter's first compilation album, also certifying gold in sales from the RIAA. Carpenter entered the 2000s with her seventh studio album \" Time * Sex", "The Calling (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) The Calling is the ninth studio album released from country music singer Mary Chapin Carpenter. It is the follow-up album to her 2004 album, \"Between Here and Gone\". \" The Calling\" was released on March 6, 2007 on Zo\u00eb Records. Carpenter had previously been on Columbia Nashville, this being her first release after leaving Columbia. Like her previous album, she wrote every track on the album. From the album, two singles were released. \" On With the Song\" and \"It Must Have Happened\", were released, but neither of which charted on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs. Although Carpenter hasn't had a charting single since 2001s \"Simple Life\", \"The Calling\" reached its peak of #10 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. Thom Jurek of Allmusic said \"Time will tell, of course, but in \"The Calling\", Carpenter may have her finest moment yet; it also feels like an artistic rebirth. These songs come from her marrow and the conviction she sings them with proves it. Carpenter and her co-producer Matt Rollings should be awfully proud of this one. \" The album was also given 4 stars out of 5. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. All singles failed to chart", "A Place in the World (Mary Chapin Carpenter album) A Place in the World is the sixth album by Mary Chapin Carpenter, and was a No. 3 Country Album on the Billboard charts. Album tracks that entered the Hot Country Singles chart were \"Let Me into Your Heart\" at No. 11, \"I Want to Be Your Girlfriend\" at No. 35, and \"Keeping the Faith\" at No. 58. Carpenter wrote all of the songs on the album singlehandedly. All songs written by Mary Chapin Carpenter. Strings and horns conducted and arranged by Michael \"Rico\" Petruccelli."], "answer": {"text": "Carpenter graduated from Brown University in 1981 with a degree in American Civilization.", "answer_start": 1274}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Mary Chapin Carpenter born?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter was born in Princeton, New Jersey,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she start playing music?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter spent much of her time in high school playing the guitar and piano;", "answer_start": 655, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were her parents musicians?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were her early influences?", "answer": {"text": "her musical interests defined chiefly by her sisters' albums of artists such as The Mamas & the Papas, The Beatles, and Judy Collins.", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she form any groups/bands as a young performer?", "answer": {"text": "Carpenter played some summer sets in Washington's music scene, where she met guitarist John Jennings, who would become her producer and long-time collaborator.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#0", "question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "rewrite": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lusitanians \u00b7 Lusitanic \u00b7 Lusophone \u00b7 Lusophony Games  Macau \u00b7 Malacca \u00b7 Madeira Island \u00b7 Madeira wine \u00b7 Manuel I of Portugal \u00b7 Manuel II of Portugal \u00b7 Marcomanni \u00b7 Marcelo Caetano \u00b7 Maria I of Portugal \u00b7 Maria II of Portugal \u00b7 Miguel of Portugal \u00b7 Military of Portugal \u00b7 Miranda do Douro \u00b7 Mirandese language \u00b7 Monuments of Portugal \u00b7 Moors \u00b7 Mozambique \u00b7 Multibanco \u00b7 Municipalities of Portugal \u00b7 Munuza \u00b7 Music of Portugal \u00b7 Muslim Conquest of Spain  Narbasi \u00b7 Nemetati  Oestriminis \u00b7 Olivenza \u00b7 Ophiussa \u00b7 Order of Aviz \u00b7 Order of Christ \u00b7 Our Lady of Fatima  Paesuri \u00b7 Pastel de nata \u00b7 Patriarch of Lisbon \u00b7 Pedro I of Brazil \u00b7 Peter I of Portugal \u00b7 Peter II of Portugal \u00b7 Peter III of Portugal \u00b7 Pedro V of Portugal \u00b7 Pedro Santana Lopes \u00b7 Peneda-Ger\u00eas National Park \u00b7 Peninsular War \u00b7 Philip II of Spain \u00b7 Philip III of Spain \u00b7 Philip IV of Spain \u00b7 Pimba \u00b7 Pink Map \u00b7 Political divisions of Portugal \u00b7 Politics of Portugal \u00b7 Porto \u00b7 Porto Metro \u00b7 Porto Santo Island \u00b7 Portugal \u00b7 Portugal Day \u00b7 Portugal in the Great War \u00b7 Portugal in the period of discoveries \u00b7 Portuguese Angola \u00b7 Portuguese Cape Verde \u00b7  Portuguese Ceylon \u00b7 Portuguese Colonial War \u00b7 Portuguese Communist Party \u00b7 Portuguese Constitution \u00b7 Portuguese Council of State \u00b7 Portuguese Creole \u00b7 Portuguese cuisine \u00b7 Portuguese Empire \u00b7 Portuguese euro coins \u00b7 Portuguese guitar \u00b7 Portuguese hip hop \u00b7 Portuguese India \u00b7 Portuguese Inquisition \u00b7 Portuguese inventions \u00b7 Portuguese Guinea \u00b7 Portuguese (Guyana) \u00b7 Portuguese language \u00b7 Portuguese literature \u00b7 Portuguese military history \u00b7 Portuguese Mozambique \u00b7 Portuguese pavement \u00b7 Portuguese people \u00b7 Portuguese S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe \u00b7 Portuguese Timor \u00b7 Port wine \u00b7 Public holidays in Portugal  Quadi \u00b7 Quaquerni Raul Pires Ferreira Chaves \u00b7 Reconquista \u00b7 Religion in Portugal \u00b7 Roman Geography of Portugal \u00b7 Royal Patriarchal Music Seminary of Lisbon", "Later, they reached the semi-finals where they were beaten by hosts England 2\u20131; in this game, Portugal would have played in Liverpool, but as England were the hosts, FIFA decided that the game should have been in London, which led the Portuguese team travel unexpectedly from Liverpool to London. It was rumoured that this had happened because of fear from English officials of the Portuguese performance and embarrassment if England lost in their own country with a debuting team. Portugal then defeated the Soviet Union 2\u20131 in the third place match for their best World Cup finish to date. Eus\u00e9bio was the top scorer of the World Cup with nine goals. In the Euro 1972 qualifiers, Portugal had to win its group that comprised the teams of Belgium, Denmark and Scotland. Portugal finished second to Belgium. For the 1974 World Cup qualification stages, Portugal were unable to defeat Bulgaria (2\u20132) in the decisive match, thus not qualifying. Portugal faced tough competition from the strong Poland team for the place in the 1978 World Cup in Argentina. They finished second place, behind Poland. The national team was put alongside Austria, Belgium, Norway and Scotland to fight for the first spot in the group, which would allow them to go to the final stage of UEFA Euro 1980. Portugal took third place. For the 1982 qualification, the Portuguese team had to face Israel, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Sweden for the top two group places. Portugal finished in fourth place. During the qualifying campaign for Euro 1984, Portugal was grouped with Finland, Poland and the Soviet Union. Portugal won the group with a win over the Soviet Union. Portugal ended in Group B, alongside Spain, West Germany and Romania. In the first two matches, they tied 0\u20130 and 1\u20131 against West Germany and Spain, respectively.", "Culture of Portugal  Dadra and Nagar Haveli \u00b7 Daman and Diu \u00b7 Demographics of Portugal \u00b7 Denis of Portugal \u00b7 Drug policy of Portugal  East Timor \u00b7 Economy of Portugal \u00b7 Economic history of Portugal \u00b7 Education in Portugal \u00b7 Edward of Portugal \u00b7 Elections in Portugal \u00b7 Elmina \u00b7 Elmina Castle \u00b7 Equaesi \u00b7 Estado Novo (Portugal) Fado \u00b7 Fernando I of Portugal \u00b7 Flag of Portugal \u00b7 Foreign relations of Portugal \u00b7 Fort of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Baptista de Ajud\u00e1 \u00b7 Funchal  Gallaecia \u00b7 Garcia II of Galicia \u00b7 Geography of Portugal \u00b7 Ginjinha \u00b7 Goa \u00b7 Greater Lisbon \u00b7 Greater Porto \u00b7 Grovii \u00b7 Guinea-Bissau \u00b7  Henry of Portugal (disambiguation) \u00b7 Hispania \u00b7 History of Portugal \u00b7 House of Capet Iberian peninsula \u00b7 Iberian Union \u00b7 Interamici \u00b7 ISCTE John I of Portugal \u00b7 John II of Portugal \u00b7 John III of Portugal \u00b7 John IV of Portugal \u00b7 John V of Portugal \u00b7 John VI of Portugal \u00b7 Joseph I of Portugal \u00b7 Judiciary of Portugal  Kingdom of Galicia \u00b7 Kingdom of Portugal \u00b7 Kionga Triangle Law enforcement in Portugal \u00b7 Leonor of Viseu \u00b7 Leuni \u00b7 Liberalism in Portugal \u00b7 Liberal Wars \u00b7 Limici \u00b7 Limpieza de sangre \u00b7 Lines of Torres Vedras \u00b7 Lisbon \u00b7 Lisbon metropolitan area \u00b7 Lisbon Metro \u00b7 List of Cities in Portugal \u00b7 List of museums in Portugal \u00b7 List of political parties in Portugal \u00b7 List of Portuguese artists - List of Portuguese birds \u00b7 List of Portuguese companies \u00b7 List of Portuguese flags \u00b7 List of Portuguese islands \u00b7 List of Portuguese monarchs \u00b7 List of Portuguese people \u00b7 List of Presidents of Portugal \u00b7 List of Prime Ministers of Portugal \u00b7 List of rivers of Portugal \u00b7 List of schools in Portugal . List of universities in Portugal \u00b7 Luanqui \u00b7 Luis I of Portugal \u00b7 Lusitania \u00b7 Lusitanian language \u00b7 Lusitanian mythology \u00b7", "Index of Portugal-related articles The following is a list of Portugal-related articles. Those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on \"Related changes\" in the sidebar. 1383\u20131385 Crisis \u00b7 1755 Lisbon earthquake \u00b7 1969 Portugal earthquake A Portuguesa \u00b7 Afonso I of Portugal \u00b7 Afonso II of Portugal \u00b7 Afonso III of Portugal \u00b7 Afonso IV of Portugal \u00b7 Afonso V of Portugal \u00b7 Afonso VI of Portugal \u00b7 Alexandre Herculano de Carvalho e Araujo \u00b7 Alves Reis \u00b7 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance \u00b7 Angola \u00b7 Anthony of Portugal \u00b7 Ant\u00f3nio de Oliveira Salazar \u00b7 Ant\u00f3nio de Sp\u00ednola \u00b7 Assembly of the Republic (Portugal) \u00b7 Autonomous Regions of Portugal \u00b7 Avante! \u00b7 Azores \u00b7 Azulejo  Bank of Portugal \u00b7 Battle of Albuera \u00b7 Battle of Alcazarquivir \u00b7 Battle of Alfarrobeira \u00b7 Battle of Aljubarrota \u00b7 Battle of Atoleiros \u00b7 Battle of Ceuta \u00b7 Battle of Covadonga \u00b7 Battle of Guararapes (2nd) \u00b7 Battle of Ourique \u00b7 Battle of S\u00e3o Mamede \u00b7 Bracari \u00b7 Brazil Carlos I of Portugal \u00b7 Carnation Revolution \u00b7 Cape Verde \u00b7 Castro (village) \u00b7 Catholic Church in Portugal \u00b7 Cavaquinho \u00b7 Celtiberians \u00b7 Celtici \u00b7 Chaul \u00b7 Coat of arms of Portugal \u00b7 Coelerni \u00b7 Colonial Heads of Bissau \u00b7 Colonial Heads of Cacheu \u00b7 Colonial Heads of Portuguese Guinea \u00b7 Communications in Portugal \u00b7 Confer\u00eancia das Organiza\u00e7\u00f5es Nacionalistas das Col\u00f3nias Portuguesas \u00b7 Conservation areas of Portugal \u00b7 Converso \u00b7 Conii \u00b7 CPLP \u00b7 County of Portugal \u00b7", "Portugal at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics Portugal was represented at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics, held in Nanjing, China, from 16 to 28 August 2014, with a delegation of 21 competitors, who took part in 10 events. The Portuguese delegation won two medals, a silver in sailing by Rodolfo Pires and a bronze in trampoline gymnastics by Pedro Ferreira. In addition, two gold medals were won by Portuguese athletes as part of mixed teams: in judo by Maria Siderot and in modern pentathlon by Maria Teixeira. Portugal qualified two athletes. Portugal qualified one boat based on its performance at the 2013 World Junior Canoe Sprint and Slalom Championships. Portugal qualified a boys' and girls' team based on its ranking issued by the UCI. Portugal qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2014 European WAG Championships. Portugal qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2014 European Trampoline Championships. Portugal qualified two athletes based on its performance at the 2013 Cadet World Judo Championships. Portugal qualified two athletes based on the 1 June 2014 Olympic Youth A Pentathlon World Rankings. Portugal qualified two boats based on its performance at the Byte CII European Continental Qualifiers. Portugal qualified four swimmers. Portugal qualified one athlete based on its performance at the European Qualification Event. Portugal qualified one athlete based on its performance at the 2014 European Youth Olympic Games Qualifier."], "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#1", "question": "Did they perform at Woodstock?", "rewrite": "Did Portugal. The Man perform at Woodstock?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Woodstock Revisited Woodstock Revisited is a film by David McDonald that tells the story of how the countercultural movement associated most closely with The Woodstock Festival came into being. Ironically enough, while The Woodstock Festival did not end up happening in the town for which it was named, Woodstock, New York, it would never have transpired had it not been for a series of historical events in Woodstock that influenced the rise of the American counterculture. Some of these are already well-known, like Bob Dylan moving to the town in 1964, The Band following Dylan to town, or a series of concerts on a field outside of Woodstock in 1966, 1967, and 1968 called The Woodstock Soundouts that featured many of the same artists later to be involved with the larger-scale Woodstock Festival. In the years prior to The Woodstock Festival, musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, The Mothers of Invention, and Van Morrison all were residents of Woodstock. What adds a unique dimension to this film, however, is the historical line McDonald draws between the events of the sixties and those that happened long before that show that The Woodstock Festival wasn't a historical anomaly, but instead, the culmination of a hundred years worth of developments, beginning with Thoreau\u2019s sojourn at Walden Pond, the mysticism of The Catskill Mountain Painters, and the two arts colonies, Byrdcliffe Colony and The Maverick, which christened the town\u2019s reputation as a colony of the arts. McDonald\u2019s lyrical segments on Byrdcliffe and The Maverick kick off the film and frame the events and characters that would come later in a historical context. Byrdcliffe was founded in 1902 by Ralph Whitehead, an industrialist\u2019s son who came from England to create a back-to-the land paradise in Woodstock devoted to the arts and creativity. The Maverick was an offshoot of Byrdcliffe founded by Herve(y)", "For the 40th anniversary of the Woodstock Festival, a \"Roots of Woodstock Live Concert\" took place at the Bearsville Theater in Woodstock on August 15, 2009. At this concert several of the old Sound-Out bands were re-united for the first time since the 1960s. Performing that night were the Blues Magoos, Hubert Sumlin and band, Ellen McIlwaine, Marc Black, the Robbie Turner Band, and Jerry Moore with the Children of God. Blues hall of famer Hubert Sumlin had been invited to perform in a nod to Sound-Out alumni Brownie McGhee and Sonny Terry. Woodstock troubadour Marc Black had been strongly influenced by the music of original Sound-Out performer Tim Hardin. Robbie Turner, who had attended the sixties Sound-Outs, played on stage this time around. Further Reading Peter Applebome, \u201c50 Miles and 40 Years From Yasgur \u2019s Farm, Woodstock Tries to Move on,\u201d \"The New York Times\", Our Town/NY/Region (August 12, 2009), 1. Weston Blelock and Julia Blelock, \"Roots of the 1969 Woodstock Festival: The Backstory to \u201cWoodstock,\u201d\" (Woodstock, NY: WoodstockArts, 2009). Michael Lang with Holly George-Warren, \" The Road to Woodstock\", (New York, NY: Ecco, 2009). Jennifer Leba, \u201c By The Time We Got To Woodstock,\u201d \"Hudson Valley Magazine\", (August 2009), 60-1. Jean Young and Michael Lang, \"Woodstock Festival Remembered\", (New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 1979). Catskills Concerts Counterculture New York Rock Festivals Woodstock, NY Ulster County, New York", "Woodstock (Portugal. The Man album) Woodstock is the eighth full-length album by American rock band Portugal. The Man, released on June 16, 2017 through Atlantic Records. After having released \"Evil Friends\" in 2013, Portugal. The Man began work on a new project, under the working title \"Gloomin + Doomin\". This album was eventually shelved, partly due to a conversation between John Gourley and his father and the discovery of a lost ticket stub from the Woodstock festival. Work began on the \"Woodstock\" album shortly thereafter, involving new music as well as material from the \"Gloomin + Doomin\" era. In 2014, the band often uploaded to their Instagram account while working on the album . On December 1, 2016, the band released a single and accompanying music video for the track \"Noise Pollution\". The music video was directed by Michael Ragen, and shot on location in Alaska. The label did not release nor promote this song to radio. \"Feel It Still\" was released as the lead single from the album on March 3, 2017. It reached number four on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming their first entry on the chart. The song peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Adult Alternative Songs chart, becoming the band's first chart-topper; as well as number one on the Alternative Songs chart, and is their first top ten on either chart. On April 28, 2017, \"Number One\" was released as a pre release buzz track from \"Woodstock\", along with an official announcement and pre-orders for the album. \"Live in the Moment\" was announced to be the follow up radio single to \"Feel It Still\" by Atlantic Records GM David Saslow in an interview with Sirius FM. It was sent to triple-A radio October 30, 2017, and later to alternative radio in November.", "Woodstock, Queensland Woodstock is a small rural community and suburb south of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. The area in the head of the catchments for the Ross River (Ross River Dam being a major source of water for Townsville), and the Majors Creek/Haughton catchment. There is a sub station at Woodstock to boost power to the area and it feeds into the Kelso sub station in the Upper Ross area of Townsville. Woodstock State School opened on 1 September 1890. In 2015, Woodstock State School celebrated its 125th anniversary. Woodstock and its large surrounding area was in Thuringowa until in 1997, when a major alteration in local government boundaries saw this part of Thuringowa become Townsville City. The Woodstock General Store is the local shop, cafe, news agent, service station, bank and post office. There is also a service station situated at Calcium. The Woodstock branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Hall at 42 Woodstock Avenue. The QCWA Hall is used for many other functions like stalls and markets to bingo and parties. Woodstock has a primary school, The Woodstock State School, with Prep and grades 1 to 7 (There is a new prep building as the old preschool burnt down near Christmas 2004). Woodstock is home to many types of sports, from the Woodstock Horse Sports, Motocross & off road track, to a rifle club, and dog show events held at a dedicated site next to the sports and recreation club. The Woodstock Sport and Recreational Club is used on Friday nights as a bar. The Woodstock Motocross track holds events most weekends and is well known Queensland wide. There is also Sky Diving or you can have a plane ride tour of the area. The area has been nominated as a site for a future motorsports precinct.", "As one of the biggest rock festivals of all time and a cultural touchstone for the late 1960s, Woodstock has been referenced in many different ways in popular culture. The phrase \"the Woodstock generation\" became part of the common lexicon. Tributes and parodies of the festival began almost as soon as the final chords sounded. Cartoonist Charles Schulz named his recurring \"Peanuts\" bird character \u2013 which began appearing in 1966 but was still unnamed \u2013 Woodstock in tribute to the festival. In April 1970, \"Mad\" magazine published a poem by Frank Jacobs and illustrated by Sergio Aragon\u00e9s titled \"I Remember, I Remember The Wondrous Woodstock Music Fair\" that parodies the traffic jams and the challenges of getting close enough to actually hear the music. Keith Robertson's 1970 children's book \"Henry Reed's Big Show\" has the title character attempting to emulate the success of the festival by mounting his own concert at his uncle's farm. Melanie Safka's 1970 song, \"Lay Down (Candles in the Rain)\", recalls the experience of both her Woodstock performance and her participation in the 1969 Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam. Joni Mitchell's 1970 song, \"Woodstock\", was written while she viewed news coverage of the festival and, lamenting her decision not to perform there, described it instead. In 1973, the stage show \"National Lampoon's Lemmings\" portrayed the \"Woodchuck\" festival, featuring parodies of many Woodstock performers. \"Time\" magazine named \"The Who at Woodstock \u2013 1969\" to the magazine's \"Top 10 Music-Festival Moments\" list on March 18, 2010. \"A Walk on the Moon\" is a 1999 film set partially at the Woodstock festival. In 2005, Argentine writer Edgar Brau published \"Woodstock\", a long poem commemorating the festival."], "answer": {"text": "They have since completed another album, titled Woodstock,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#2", "question": "What was a song on the album, Woodstock?", "rewrite": "What was a song on the album, Woodstock?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The next day, all of the artists who had been initially announced as part of the festival's lineup were released from their contracts. Woodstock's co-creator Michael Lang helped organize Woodstock 50. Lang had been planning to hold a 50th anniversary Woodstock festival in 2019 since at least 2014. He began negotiating with Japanese investment firm Dentsu Aegis Network in late 2018 to arrange funding for Woodstock 50. Lang was not a producer for the festival, and was instead hired as a consultant by Woodstock 50 LLC, a production company founded by hoteliers Greg Peck and Susan Cronin and a separate entity from Lang's company Woodstock Ventures. This arrangement was done so Lang could avoid a conflict of interest with Woodstock Ventures, which owns the rights to the Woodstock brand. Woodstock 50 LLC and Lang entered into a partnership with Dentsu Aegis in December 2018, and licensed the rights to use the Woodstock name from Woodstock Ventures. The investment firm was contracted to contribute about $49.1 million to fund the festival, based on Lang's initial estimated attendance number of 150,000 people. In January 2019, Lang confirmed that he would be organizing a fourth three-day Woodstock festival that would take place in August in Watkins Glen, New York. The Watkins Glen International racetrack was chosen as the location of the festival. The site had previously hosted three large music festivals; Summer Jam at Watkins Glen in 1973 and two multi-day concerts organized by the rock band Phish in 2011 and 2015. In August 2018, a third Phish festival scheduled to be held at the racetrack was canceled by New York Department of Health officials one day before it was scheduled to begin due to water quality and safety issues at the site following several days of flooding in the Finger Lakes region. Lang said he planned for a separate water supply to be brought into the Woodstock 50 site to avoid the issues Phish had experienced. \"", "Woodstock School (Portland, Oregon) Woodstock School, also known as Woodstock Elementary School, is an elementary school within Portland Public Schools, located in the Woodstock neighborhood of southeast Portland, Oregon, United States. Established in 1891, the school was housed in a four-room building until it joined School District No. 1 in 1909. The newly constructed two-story, eight-room school opened in 1911 at its current location. The Woodstock School underwent expansions in 1925 and 1955, but a fire in 1980 destroyed the building's two-story center. Protests by Woodstock residents and the Woodstock Parent Teachers Association ended the school district's plans to close the school due to fire damage and low student enrollment throughout the city. The school remained open and underwent repairs, but its second story was lost. The school marks the oldest standing elementary school in Portland. Programs at Woodstock School include a Mandarin Chinese Immersion program for grades K-5. Students in the Immersion program receive instruction in Mandarin for half the day and English instruction the other half. Of the 492 students attending Woodstock School, two thirds participate in the Immersion program. The Woodstock School was established in 1891 in a four-room building in the center of the Woodstock neighborhood (two blocks north of SE Woodstock Boulevard between Southeast 46th and 47th Avenues). In 1909, the school joined School District No. 1 and were purchased where the school remains today, resulting in the construction of a two-story building with eight rooms. The school, designed by Thomas J. Jones, was constructed in 1910 and opened in 1911. The first principal was A. J. Prideaux, who held the position until 1945. Woodstock School underwent expansions in 1925 and 1955. The building has been designated a Portland Historic Landmark by the city's Historic Landmarks Commission.", "Woodstock, Queensland Woodstock is a small rural community and suburb south of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. The area in the head of the catchments for the Ross River (Ross River Dam being a major source of water for Townsville), and the Majors Creek/Haughton catchment. There is a sub station at Woodstock to boost power to the area and it feeds into the Kelso sub station in the Upper Ross area of Townsville. Woodstock State School opened on 1 September 1890. In 2015, Woodstock State School celebrated its 125th anniversary. Woodstock and its large surrounding area was in Thuringowa until in 1997, when a major alteration in local government boundaries saw this part of Thuringowa become Townsville City. The Woodstock General Store is the local shop, cafe, news agent, service station, bank and post office. There is also a service station situated at Calcium. The Woodstock branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Hall at 42 Woodstock Avenue. The QCWA Hall is used for many other functions like stalls and markets to bingo and parties. Woodstock has a primary school, The Woodstock State School, with Prep and grades 1 to 7 (There is a new prep building as the old preschool burnt down near Christmas 2004). Woodstock is home to many types of sports, from the Woodstock Horse Sports, Motocross & off road track, to a rifle club, and dog show events held at a dedicated site next to the sports and recreation club. The Woodstock Sport and Recreational Club is used on Friday nights as a bar. The Woodstock Motocross track holds events most weekends and is well known Queensland wide. There is also Sky Diving or you can have a plane ride tour of the area. The area has been nominated as a site for a future motorsports precinct.", "A number of organizations support and promote live music in Woodstock: Woodstock is home to many Protestant and Catholic churches, a Jewish congregation and The Blue Lotus Buddhist Temple since 2002. Woodstock's public schools are part of Woodstock Community Unit School District 200, which was formed in 1969. The district currently operates 1 early learning center (Verda Dierzen), 6 elementary schools (Dean Street, Greenwood, Mary Endres, Olson, Prariewood and Westwood), two middle schools (Northwood and Creekside) and two high schools (Woodstock High School and Woodstock North High School). The three newest buildings, Prariewood, Creekside and WNHS, were approved in a March 2006 referendum to address crowding in schools due to the area's growth between the mid-1990s and 2008. Woodstock is also currently served by private educational institutions: St. Mary Catholic grade school (K-8) is located in town and students often continue on to Marian Central Catholic High School, also located in Woodstock. Residents pursuing an associate degree normally do so at McHenry County College in neighboring Crystal Lake. Loyola University Chicago owns and operates a large property on Woodstock's eastern edge as its Retreat and Ecology Campus. Aurora University also operates its Woodstock Center downtown. According to Woodstock's 2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: Woodstock's railroad station is the penultimate passenger stop on Metra's Union Pacific Northwest Line, which originates from Ogilvie Transportation Center in downtown Chicago and ends in Harvard, Illinois. At Woodstock, Metra offers passengers 9 daily trains to Chicago on weekdays (11 returning outbound), and between 400 and 500 daily passengers use the train for travel to Chicago or other suburban communities along the line.", "Woodstock Revisited Woodstock Revisited is a film by David McDonald that tells the story of how the countercultural movement associated most closely with The Woodstock Festival came into being. Ironically enough, while The Woodstock Festival did not end up happening in the town for which it was named, Woodstock, New York, it would never have transpired had it not been for a series of historical events in Woodstock that influenced the rise of the American counterculture. Some of these are already well-known, like Bob Dylan moving to the town in 1964, The Band following Dylan to town, or a series of concerts on a field outside of Woodstock in 1966, 1967, and 1968 called The Woodstock Soundouts that featured many of the same artists later to be involved with the larger-scale Woodstock Festival. In the years prior to The Woodstock Festival, musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, The Mothers of Invention, and Van Morrison all were residents of Woodstock. What adds a unique dimension to this film, however, is the historical line McDonald draws between the events of the sixties and those that happened long before that show that The Woodstock Festival wasn't a historical anomaly, but instead, the culmination of a hundred years worth of developments, beginning with Thoreau\u2019s sojourn at Walden Pond, the mysticism of The Catskill Mountain Painters, and the two arts colonies, Byrdcliffe Colony and The Maverick, which christened the town\u2019s reputation as a colony of the arts. McDonald\u2019s lyrical segments on Byrdcliffe and The Maverick kick off the film and frame the events and characters that would come later in a historical context. Byrdcliffe was founded in 1902 by Ralph Whitehead, an industrialist\u2019s son who came from England to create a back-to-the land paradise in Woodstock devoted to the arts and creativity. The Maverick was an offshoot of Byrdcliffe founded by Herve(y)"], "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States,", "answer_start": 735}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "They have since completed another album, titled Woodstock,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#3", "question": "What year was it released?", "rewrite": "What year was Woodstock released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bethel, New York Bethel is a town in Sullivan County, New York, United States. The population was estimated at 4,255 in 2010. The town received worldwide fame after it became the host of the 1969 Woodstock Festival, which was originally planned for Wallkill, New York, but was relocated to Bethel after Wallkill withdrew. The first settlers arrived around 1795 near the present communities of Bethel and White Lake. The Town of Bethel was established in 1809 from the Town of Lumberland. By the middle of the 19th century, a tourist industry began to grow. Bethel was home to numerous hotels that were part of the \"Borscht Belt\" and numerous sleepaway camps for most of the 20th century, including Camp Ma-Ho-Ge, Camp Chipinaw, and Camp Ranger \u2013 all on Silver Lake. In 1961, Son of Sam mass murderer David Berkowitz was a camper at a now defunct summer camp in Bethel. Berkowitz left the camp after a suspicious fire occurred in his cabin. The Town of Bethel was brought to the world's attention in 1969 when nearly 500,000 people gathered at Max Yasgur's Farm for \"Three Days of Peace and Music\". The documentary made about Woodstock released in 1970 showed interviews with numerous Bethel residents, including Art Vassmer, co-owner of Vassmers General Store in Kauneonga Lake. A movie called \"Taking Woodstock\" was released in August 2009 based on the book of the same title by Elliot Tiber, whose parents owned the nearby El Monaco Motel in White Lake and played a pivotal role in bringing the Woodstock nation to Bethel. In 2006, Bethel Woods opened on the original Woodstock site as a state-of-the-art performing arts venue.", "Woodstock Square Historic District The Woodstock Square Historic District is located in the county seat of McHenry County, Illinois, which is Woodstock. The district is located in downtown Woodstock and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1982. Within the district two of Woodstock's other Registered Places can be found, Woodstock Opera House and the Old McHenry County Courthouse. The square consists of historic buildings and is anchored by two key structures, the Old McHenry County Courthouse and the Woodstock Opera House. Most of the other buildings on the square are privately owned and kept up, housing numerous small businesses, including restaurants and shops. The streets of the square are one way and paved with brick, they square off a large public park which features two gazeebos and war memorials. During the winter the square and its buildings and trees are adorned with lights. The Woodstock Square is host to a number of festivals and events throughout the year. Some the events include Harvestdays, Old Time Fiddlers Competition and Groundhog Days, celebrating the city of Woodstock's role in the 1993 film Groundhog Day. Groundhog Day was filmed on location in Woodstock, Illinois, the city portrayed Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania in the film. The Old McHenry County Courthouse is separately listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was long the home for McHenry County government offices, though it no longer serves in that capacity. Today, the courthouse is home to several businesses and is one of the key elements in the Woodstock Square Historic District. Built in 1857 the Old Courthouse is designed in a simple Italianate style. The building is topped with a distinctive white dome which features a lightning rod. The Woodstock Opera House has been in continuous operation since its construction was completed in 1889. Along with the Old Courthouse, the Opera House is one of the key elements of the Woodstock Square Historic District.", "The next day, all of the artists who had been initially announced as part of the festival's lineup were released from their contracts. Woodstock's co-creator Michael Lang helped organize Woodstock 50. Lang had been planning to hold a 50th anniversary Woodstock festival in 2019 since at least 2014. He began negotiating with Japanese investment firm Dentsu Aegis Network in late 2018 to arrange funding for Woodstock 50. Lang was not a producer for the festival, and was instead hired as a consultant by Woodstock 50 LLC, a production company founded by hoteliers Greg Peck and Susan Cronin and a separate entity from Lang's company Woodstock Ventures. This arrangement was done so Lang could avoid a conflict of interest with Woodstock Ventures, which owns the rights to the Woodstock brand. Woodstock 50 LLC and Lang entered into a partnership with Dentsu Aegis in December 2018, and licensed the rights to use the Woodstock name from Woodstock Ventures. The investment firm was contracted to contribute about $49.1 million to fund the festival, based on Lang's initial estimated attendance number of 150,000 people. In January 2019, Lang confirmed that he would be organizing a fourth three-day Woodstock festival that would take place in August in Watkins Glen, New York. The Watkins Glen International racetrack was chosen as the location of the festival. The site had previously hosted three large music festivals; Summer Jam at Watkins Glen in 1973 and two multi-day concerts organized by the rock band Phish in 2011 and 2015. In August 2018, a third Phish festival scheduled to be held at the racetrack was canceled by New York Department of Health officials one day before it was scheduled to begin due to water quality and safety issues at the site following several days of flooding in the Finger Lakes region. Lang said he planned for a separate water supply to be brought into the Woodstock 50 site to avoid the issues Phish had experienced. \"", "Woodstock, Queensland Woodstock is a small rural community and suburb south of Townsville, Queensland, Australia. The area in the head of the catchments for the Ross River (Ross River Dam being a major source of water for Townsville), and the Majors Creek/Haughton catchment. There is a sub station at Woodstock to boost power to the area and it feeds into the Kelso sub station in the Upper Ross area of Townsville. Woodstock State School opened on 1 September 1890. In 2015, Woodstock State School celebrated its 125th anniversary. Woodstock and its large surrounding area was in Thuringowa until in 1997, when a major alteration in local government boundaries saw this part of Thuringowa become Townsville City. The Woodstock General Store is the local shop, cafe, news agent, service station, bank and post office. There is also a service station situated at Calcium. The Woodstock branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Hall at 42 Woodstock Avenue. The QCWA Hall is used for many other functions like stalls and markets to bingo and parties. Woodstock has a primary school, The Woodstock State School, with Prep and grades 1 to 7 (There is a new prep building as the old preschool burnt down near Christmas 2004). Woodstock is home to many types of sports, from the Woodstock Horse Sports, Motocross & off road track, to a rifle club, and dog show events held at a dedicated site next to the sports and recreation club. The Woodstock Sport and Recreational Club is used on Friday nights as a bar. The Woodstock Motocross track holds events most weekends and is well known Queensland wide. There is also Sky Diving or you can have a plane ride tour of the area. The area has been nominated as a site for a future motorsports precinct.", "the official \"CS:GO\" world champions and possibly the best team in the world, given their victory at the major and string of second-place finishes in less important tournaments beforehand. In January 2015, Happy led LDLC to victory at the MLG Aspen Invitational, the first \"CS:GO\" tournament organized by Major League Gaming. Happy had two crucial three-kill rounds against NIP in the first map of the grand finals, a rematch of the previous \"CS:GO\" major. Happy was the standout player of the tournament finals and was voted match MVP. Shortly afterwards, the players signed more lucrative contracts with Team EnVyUs. Happy's squad continued to have good results, winning 5 more 1st place titles before swapping Shox and SmithZz with Titan's KennyS and apEX. Originally it was thought that this new lineup would be less impressive than the first, but Happy lead the new lineup to another Major final at and several other international titles in 2015. EnVyUs won DreamHack Open London 2015 and Happy achieved an all-kill of the Team SoloMid team using a Desert Eagle that was described by \"Kotaku Australia\" as \"one of the most impressive \"Counter-Strike\" plays in recent memory\" and as one of the best aces in \"CS: GO\" history by \"Expressen\". In November 2015, EnVyUs won a second \"CS:GO\" major at DreamHack Open Cluj-Napoca, where they defeated Natus Vincere 2-0 in the grand finals. In the first match of the grand finals, played on the Train map, Happy successfully played mind games with Natus Vincere, and made a key play in the 28th round by holding the B bomb site against enemy defuse attempts using an AK-47."], "answer": {"text": "Woodstock was released on June 16, 2017.", "answer_start": 632}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "They have since completed another album, titled Woodstock,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was a song on the album, Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States,", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#4", "question": "Was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was Woodstock successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Gabrovo humour The city of Gabrovo, Bulgaria is well known for the unique sense of humour possessed by its citizens. Local humour centres on the alleged stinginess of its citizens and a rivalry with the neighbouring city of Sevlievo. Gabrovo prides itself on being a centre for humour; the House of Humour and Satire in Gabrovo exists to promote humour both locally and internationally. Citizens of Gabrovo reputedly excel in business and in bargaining, and developed their sense of humour as an aid to attract customers and improve business relations. As Gabrovo grew in industrial and economic importance, the city's brand of humour and reputation for shrewdness and economy spread nationally in Bulgaria. It is said that the people of Gabrovo (known as \"Gabrovtsi\"): The following are a selection of well-known jokes from Gabrovo.", "Gabrovo  Gabrovo () is a city in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province. It is situated at the foot of the central Balkan Mountains, in the valley of the Yantra River, and is known as an international capital of humour and satire (see Gabrovo humour), as well as noted for its Bulgarian National Revival architecture. Gabrovo is also known as the longest city in Bulgaria, stretching over 25 km along the Yantra, yet reaching only in width at places. The geographic center of Bulgaria - Uzana is located near the city. According to the most widespread legend, Gabrovo was founded by a blacksmith called Racho, close to whose fireplace a hornbeam rose, so the settlement acquired its name, from the Slavic word \"gabar\" (\"hornbeam\") + the Slavic suffix \"-ovo\". The area around Gabrovo, inhabited since the Neolithic, gained economic importance after Veliko Tarnovo became capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire in the 12th century. Craftsmanship and trade prospered due to the proximity to both the capital and the Balkan passes. Medieval Gabrovo was a small pass village of about 100 houses. After the Ottoman invasion of the Balkans in the 14th century, the demographic position of Gabrovo changed significantly, as it was the only settlement in a considerably large geographic area and an attractive place for Bulgarians fleeing from the conquered capital and neighbouring fortresses. It turned from a village into a small town (\"palanka\") and began to develop as an economic, cultural and spiritual centre. During Ottoman rule, the rich tradesmen spent plenty of resources for the small town's public planning.", "Gabrovo Province Gabrovo Province ( (Oblast Gabrovo), former name Gabrovo okrug) is a small province lying at the geographical centre of Bulgaria. It is named after its main town - Gabrovo. In 2009 the total population of the area is 130,001. The Gabrovo province (\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442, \"oblast\") contains four municipalities (singular: \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430, \"obshtina\" - plural: \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0438, \"obshtini\"). The following table shows the names of each municipality in English and Cyrillic, the main town (in bold) or village, and the population of each as of 2009. The Gabrovo province had a population of 144,150 (144,125 also given) according to a 2001 census, of which were male and were female. As of the end of 2009, the population of the province, announced by the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute, numbered 130,001 of which are inhabitants aged over 60 years. The following table represents the change of the population in the province after World War II: Total population (2011 census): 122 702   Ethnic groups (2011 census): Identified themselves: 115 358 persons: Religious adherence in the province according to 2001 census : Gabrovo is the main city of the Province of Gabrovo. Long known for producing leather articles and textiles that earned the town the sobriquet of the \u201cManchester of Bulgaria\u201d, Gabrovo is a charmingly laid-back provincial place. To the Bulgarians, Gabrovo is mainly known as the home of Humour and Satire, which opened on Aprils Fool\u2019s Day 1972 in recognition of the position traditionally occupied by the town in the Bulgarian humour.", "The first Bulgarian secular school, the Aprilov National High School, was founded in Gabrovo in 1835 with the aid of Vasil Aprilov and Nikolay Palauzov. Gabrovo was officially proclaimed a town by the Ottoman authority in May 1860. In the 1870s Felix Kanitz said that Gabrovo is \"a big workshop\" and that it is a \"city that lives from the water,\" referring to widely used water power. The glory of the goods of Gabrovo became known throughout the Ottoman Empire, and beyond that, in Bucharest even nowadays there is a street named \"Gabroveni\". Shortly before and after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, Gabrovo developed as a centre of industry on the basis of its economic traditions. Joint-stock companies emerged, factories were constructed and connections to the large stock exchanges were created, prompting some to label the city \"The Bulgarian Manchester\". Gabrovo saw its most rapid growth in the post-World War II years, when its population was doubled. Following general population trends in Bulgaria, the number of citizens started declining after the fall of Communism in the country. People started emigrating abroad or to the capital of Sofia. Currently, Gabrovo is more than 20,000 people short of its peak, achieved in the period 1985-1991 when the number of the residents exceeded 80,000. The following table presents the change of the population after the liberation of the country in 1887. According to Census 2011, , the population of the city was 58,950 inhabitants. According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows: Total: 58,950 The ethnic composition of Gabrovo Municipality is 60,207 Bulgarians, 504 Turks and 367 Roma among others.", "In 2016, the newly reformed Yantra Gabrovo managed to promote to the V AFG, for the first time since their bankruptcy in 2012. This team claims to be the successor of the entity that existed before, thus carrying its traditions. A separate team from Gabrovo, called Yantra Gabrovo 1919 also promoted to the third tier in 2017. This meant that both teams were to play their home games at the Hristo Botev Stadium in Gabrovo. However, Yantra Gabrovo 1919 was relegated at the end of the 2017-18 V AFG, leaving the original Yantra Gabrovo in the third tier. \" As of 1 September 2019 \" A Group: Bulgarian Cup: Cup of Bulgarian Amateur Football League: Group 1   3 Debel dial Str. 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria tel. +359-66-808353"], "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States, reaching", "answer_start": 735}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "They have since completed another album, titled Woodstock,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was a song on the album, Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States,", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What year was it released?", "answer": {"text": "Woodstock was released on June 16, 2017.", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#5", "question": "Did they tour?", "rewrite": "Did Portugal. The Man tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I'm Your Man Tour The I'm Your Man Tour was a concert tour by Leonard Cohen, in support of his album \"I'm Your Man\", released in 1988. The I'm Your Man Tour consisted of two legs. The first shows of the tour were held in Germany after Cohen and his band went through a short promotional tour across Europe. The first leg of the tour consisted of 56 shows and ran from April to early July. Besides performing in Germany, concerts were held in Netherland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, France, England and Ireland. Countries were concerts were held also included Iceland and Greece. Leonard Cohen also performed at two festivals, the Roskilde Festival in Denmark and Kalvoeya Festival in Norway. In July, Cohen and his band performed four concerts in the United States, two in New York City, one in Berkeley and one in Los Angeles. The final leg of the tour begin in late September with concerts Canada, and would continue with shows being held in the United States as well. The final performance of the tour was held in New York City at the famous Beacon Theatre. Several shows (among others Austin, San Sebastian and Amerstdam) were professionally recorded. A selection of the recorded songs were later released on \"Cohen Live\" in 1994, a live album which consists of recording from the I'm Your Man Tour in 1988 and The Future World Tour in 1993.", "On April 28, the French label Mabell released \"Bijinkei,\" an 11 track compilation album of Vidoll songs for the European market. In May, Vidoll's vocalist Jui performed in France with Kisaki Project. Vidoll was one of five bands to be selected for \"Expect Rush\", a yearly publication by \"Shoxx\" that catalogs independent visual kei artists. On June 30 both the single \"Ningyo\" and the concert DVD \"Gyaku\" went on sale, and \"Ningyo\" reached third place on the Oricon Independent Chart. The tour final \"Ningyou Enzetsu\" was held on September 11 and was the final stop in their one-man tour. A special copy of Romanesque Gothic was released with a special (all black) cover. The First press (red cover) went on sale September 29, along with the second press of Wagahai wa, Korosuke Nari...\". A live DVD of the event went on sale November 17, \"Ningyou Enzetsu 2004.9.11 Liquidroom Ebisu\". Toward the end of the year several more one-man performances were held. On December 15 two mini-albums and a DVD were released. \" Mukashi Natsukashi Ningyoushuu: Sono Ichi\" and \"Mukashi Natsukashi Ningyoushuu: Sono Ni\" were new recordings of songs from previously sold out releases. The DVD \"Ningyou Kai PV\" contained two Music Videos, one for \"Ningyo\" and \"F-Stein to M\". On January 1, Vidoll's official fan club \"Ningyou Kan\" began. In March Vidoll had a One-man tour only for members of their fan club, for a total of 8 shows.", "The Future World Tour The Future World Tour was a concert tour by Leonard Cohen, in support of his album \"The Future\", released in 1992. The tour was the first in five years, after the I'm Your Man Tour in 1988, and would be the last one until the Leonard Cohen Tour 2008\u20132010 15 years later. The tour began with nine concerts in Northern Europe and would continue through Central and Southern Europe as well as two shows in England at the famous Royal Albert Hall. The first leg ended with a concert in Vienna. After a weeks break, the second leg began in Canada where 22 shows would be played during this leg. Another 15 shows would be played in the United States. The tour would eventually wrap up with two shows on the Canadian West Coast at the end of July in 1993. </small>   Several shows (among others Toronto and Vancouver) were professionally recorded. A selection of the recorded songs were later released on \"Cohen Live\" in 1994, a live album which consists of recording from the I'm Your Man Tour in 1988 and The Future World Tour in 1993. Source:", "Screw (band) Screw (typeset as SCREW) was a Japanese visual kei rock band formed in March 2006 by vocalist Byou and Yuuto, who were previously in the band Joker before its disbandment. In 2011, Screw released two new singles, which were later included on their fifth studio album, \"Biran\", released on February 15, 2012. The single \"Deep Six\" reached number 23 on the Oricon charts and number 1 on the Indies chart. The single \"Brainstorm\" reached number 30 on Oricon charts and number 1 on the Indies chart. Their fifth studio album was released on February 15, 2012. It immediately reached number 3 on the Indies chart. Within its first week, the album reached number 42 on the Oricon chart. Screw announced that they are to go major with the release of their new single \"Xanadu\", set to come out on October 17. The group will start a one-man tour, Xanadu -Seventh Heaven...- on the same day at Shibuya O-West with a tour final date at Osaka Muse on December 9. Titled Teardrop, the single will be released on February 6. There are currently no more details available, but more information is expected to be revealed closer to the single's release. Screw have also announced a short one-man tour for 2013, titled Screw 7th Anniversary Live Neverending Breath. The tour will start on April 13 at Osaka Muse and end on April 20 at Shibuya-AX, for a total of three dates. They covered hide's song \"Dice\" for \"Tribute III -Visual Spirits-\", released on July 3, 2013.", "An Innocent Man Tour The An Innocent Man Tour was a 1984 concert tour by singer-songwriter Billy Joel. The tour began on January 18 in Providence, Rhode Island (which went on despite a snow storm) and ended on July 5 with the last of seven shows at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The tour was Joel's first large world tour since a 1982 motorcycle accident. The tour was very popular, with a contemporaneous report stating that finding tickets except through scalpers was \"virtually impossible.\" A report on the February 1, 1984 Toledo show stated that his band included Frank Simms, Peter Huwlett and Bob Duncan on backing vocals, a three-piece brass section of Larry Etkin, Bob Livingood on trumpets, Glenn Stulpin on saxophones as well as Joel's touring/recording band of Liberty DeVitto (drums, percussion), Doug Stegmeyer (bass), Russell Javors (rhythm guitar), David LeBolt (keyboards), David Brown (lead guitar), and Mark Rivera (saxophones, percussion). This is the average setlist for the tour   Encore"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "They have since completed another album, titled Woodstock,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was a song on the album, Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States,", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What year was it released?", "answer": {"text": "Woodstock was released on June 16, 2017.", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States, reaching", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#6", "question": "Any other interesting information about the album?", "rewrite": "Any other interesting information about Woodstock, aside from its release date?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": [": Quantifying the benefits of a TPP without the United States, Release Date: 13-Jun-2017  Strategic Trade Infrastructure Roundtable Summary, Release Date: 16-Feb-2017 Some Assembly Required: Cross-border infrastructure that creates jobs and growth, Release Date: 15-Nov-2016 The infrastructure that matters most, Release Date: 06-Jul-2016 The TPP: The West wants in, Release Date: 6-Jun-2016 A Smoother Track for Exports: A framework for Alberta rail policy, Release Date: 20-Apr-2016 Branching Out: Preparing for life without a Softwood Lumber Agreement, Release Date: 2-Sep-2015 Feeding the Global Middle Class - discussion paper, Release Date: 23-Apr-2015 Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement, Release Date: 24-Feb-2015 The business case for Alberta to provide international aid, Release Date: 24-Dec-2014 Building on Advantage: Improving Canada's trade infrastructure, Release Date: 24-Nov-2014 Miser sur les avantages: Am\u00e9liorer l\u2019infrastructure commerciale du Canada, Release Date: 24-Nov-2014 The Pacific Alliance: Why it's important for western Canada, Release Date: 01-Nov-2014 Mexico's Energy Reform: Potential Impacts and Opportunities for Western Canada, Release Date: 02-Jun-2014 Human Capital Centre The Skill Advantage: The 21st century challenge for Canada\u2019s unions, Release Date: 24-May-2017 Beyond the Rules: Moving safety from compliance to competence, Release Date: 9-May-2017 Matchup: A case for pan-Canadian competency frameworks, Release Date: 27-Feb-2017 Start ' Em Up: Incubating nextgen innovators, Release Date: 25-Oct-2016 Know, Do, Understand, Release Date: 21-Mar-2016 Building Blocks:", "List of World of Springfield figures and playsets  List of World of Springfield figures and playsets is a compilation of action figures and other items related to the animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\" and provided in the World of Springfield play toy line released by Playmates Toys in December 1999. After the last of the toy line was released in December 2004, the fictional toy world eventually encompassed over 200 different figures and characters from the series, 40 interactive playsets (toy re-creations of Simpson's interior settings and town location settings within Springfield), and three non-interactive diorama town settings. Release date: \" January 2000\" Release date: \"February 2000 \" Release date: \"August 2000 \" Release date: \"August 2000 \" Release date: \" January 2001\" Release date: \" January 2001\" Release date: \"April 2001\" Release date: \"April 2001\" Release date: \"July 2001\" \"Note: This is the only series to not release a playset.\" Release date: \"September 2001 \" Release date: \"September 2001 \" Release date: \"December 2001 \" Release date: \"December 2001 \" Release date: \"March 2002\" Release date: \"March 2002\" Release date: \"June 2002 \" Release date: \"June 2002 \" Release date: \"October 2002\" Release date: \"October 2002\" Release date: \"December 2002 \" Release date: \"December 2002\" \"Note: From Wave 11 to 16, only one playset was released, unlike the first ten series.\" Release date: \"April 2003 \" Release date: \"April 2003\" Release date: \"July 2003\" Release date: \"July 2003\" Release date \"October 2003\" Release date: \"October 2003\" Release date: \" January 2004 \" Release date: \" January 2004 \" Release date: \"June 2004 \" Release date: \"September 2004 \" Release date: \"October 2000\"", "The original core set uses X-wing and TIE fighter miniatures and pilots based on the original trilogy. A second edition of the core set with updated rules was released in 2015 as part of the promotion for \"\", featuring updated X-wing and TIE fighter miniatures and pilots from that movie. The \"Force Awakens\" Core Set also introduces sub-factions: The Resistance, a sub-faction of the Rebels and compatible with any Rebel ships, and the First Order, a sub-faction of the Imperials. Released Date: September 14, 2012 Release date: March 1, 2013 Release date: September 13, 2013  Released Date: June 26, 2014 Released Date: November 26, 2014 Released Date: February 26, 2015  Released Date: August 25, 2015 Release date: March 17, 2016 T-70 X-Wing Expansion Pack TIE/ fo Fighter Expansion Pack Release date: September 23, 2016 Release date: February 2, 2017 Release Date: December 15, 2016 Release Date: December 15, 2016 Release Date: July 13, 2017  Released Date: December 8, 2017 Release date: March 14, 2014 Release date: September 25, 2014 Release date: June 30, 2016 Release date: October 26, 2016 Release date: April 30, 2014 Release date: May 22, 2014 Release date: August 13, 2015 Release date: December 23, 2015 Release date: Q1 2017", "Japanese Release Date: 30 August 2007 Japanese Release Date: 29 November 2007 Japanese Release Date: 5 April 2008 Japanese Release Date: 10 July 2008 Japanese Release Date: 20 November 2008 Japanese Release Date: 4 December 2008 Japanese Release Date: 27 March 2010 Japanese Release Date: 30 September 2010 Japanese Release Date: 28 October 2010 Japanese Release Date: 16 December 2010 Japanese Release Date: 27 January 2011 Japanese Release Date: 24 February 2011 Japanese Release Date: 17 March 2011 Japanese Release Date: 17 December 2011 Japanese Release Date: 23 February 2012 Japanese Release Date: 15 March 2012 Japanese Release Date: 4 October 2008 Japanese Release Date: 30 October 2008 Japanese Release Date: 29 February 2009 Japanese Release Date: 25 February 2010 Japanese Release Date: 26 December 2008 Japanese Release Date: 26 March 2009  Japanese Release Date: 15 July 2010 LE Konami Style Japanese Exclusive, Special pack in with Busou Shinki Battle Masters Complete box, PSP game Japanese Release Date: 22 September 2011 LE Konami Style Japanese Exclusive, Special pack in with Busou Shinki Battle Masters Mk.2 Complete box, PSP game Several limited edition versions of the Busou Shinki figures have also been released. These variants sport alternate color schemes and additional parts. Exclusively sold on the Konami Style Japan page, these are unpainted, featureless MMS Figures meant for use with EX sets or for customization. They come in a variety of colors and shades of skintone intended to match other MMS figures. The MMS Naked bodies are available, like the Busou Shinki figures themselves, in three different body archetypes: MMS 1st, MMS 3rd (small) and MMS 3rd (tall). Although similar in form and construction, not all body parts are compatible among them.", "Release date: \"July 2001\" Release date: \"October 2001\" Release date: \"December 2001\" Release date: \"December 2001 \" Release date: \"September 2000\" Release date: \"September 2001\" Release date: \" August 2002\" Release date: \"September 2003\" Release date: \" August 2002\" Release date: \"October 2003\" Release date: \"November 2001\" Release date: \"September 2002\" Release date: \"April 2002\" Release date: \"November 2002\" Release date: \"September 2003\" Release date: \"September 2001\" Release date: \"October 2002\" Release date: \"October 2003\" Release date: \"April 2002\" Release date: \" January 2003\" Release date: \"Late 2002\" Release date: \"Early 2003\" Release date: \"May 2003\" Release date: \"Late 2003\" Release date: \"Late 2003\" Release date: \"Early 2004\" Release date: \"October 2002\" Release date: \"October 2002\" Release date: \"February 2002 \" Release date: \"June 2002 \" Release date: \"October 2002\" \"This item was available as part of Wave Ten \" Release date: \"July 2003 \" Release date: \" April 2003\""], "answer": {"text": "\". The album's title was inspired by an original 1969 Woodstock music festival ticket stub owned by Gourley's father.", "answer_start": 94}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "They have since completed another album, titled Woodstock,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was a song on the album, Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States,", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What year was it released?", "answer": {"text": "Woodstock was released on June 16, 2017.", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States, reaching", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f3a13600ada44fa8ae1e10dbaffd32ab_0_q#7", "question": "What year was their most recent song released?", "rewrite": "What year was Portugal. The Man's most recent song released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The song was dubbed as an \"emotional ballad track\" and \"different to what she's shown through Secret\". The single, released in March 2011, was a success and peaked at number one on Gaon Singles Chart, making it Song's and Bang's first number one single in Korea. In 2013, Song released her first single album \"Hope Torture\", which she unveiled at her album showcase at the Olleh Square in Gwanghwamun. In 2014, Song released her first extended play, titled \"25\", which contained two singles \"Don't Look At Me Like That\" and \"Pretty Age 25\". The same year, Song made her acting debut in the web drama \"Drawing, Spring\", as a part-time worker for a PR team, who loves all living things but has traumatic experience with horses. In April 2015, Song featured in fantasy youth comedy \" The Superman Age\", an 8 episode series which aired on cable channel tvN. She then starred in the web drama \" The Immutable Law of First Love\", based on a web novel of the same name, playing a photographer who loves abandoned dogs. In November, she starred in KBS's daily drama \"Sweet Home, Sweet Honey\" and received positive reception on her performance. In September 2016, Song released her second extended play, titled \"Bobby Doll\" containing six tracks, including the title track of the same name. In April 2017, Song starred in OCN's romantic comedy drama \"My Secret Romance\" alongside Sung Hoon. In August 2017, Song submitted a request to the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board to verify that her contract is no longer valid due to TS Entertainment not following the terms of the contract. Song later took to her Instagram where she announced her departure from Secret.", "The final track listing also revealed features from Theophilus London, ASAP Ferg, James Fauntleroy and Paul Wall. Common and Gunplay would not be featured. MTV revealed that Travis would be dropping the EP free of charge on May 21 and an iTunes release would be cancelled. The first song released during its promotion for the mixtape was \"Blocka La Flame\" featuring Jamaican dancehall recording artist Popcaan. It was released on December 14, 2012. The production was handled by Young Chop, Mike Dean and Scott himself. The second song released from the mixtape was \"Quintana\" featuring fellow rapper Wale. It was released on March 22, 2013. The production was handled by Sak Pase, Anthony Kilhoffer and Scott himself. The song was also accompanied with a video, which features Scott burning in a raging fire, wearing a straitjacket. The third song released from the mixtape, which serviced as the lead single \"Upper Echelon\" featuring 2 Chainz and Grand Hustle label-head T.I.. The song was released on April 18, 2013 and was officially released on iTunes the next day. On June 16, 2013, the music video was released for \"Upper Echelon\" featuring T.I. and 2 Chainz. The production was handled by Anthony Kilhoffer, J Gramm and Scott himself. \"Owl Pharaoh\" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics. Ralph Bristout of \"XXL\" gave the album an XL, saying \"While he\u2019s still finding himself lyrically, his work behind the boards and eagerness to try new things keep this from becoming problematic. Perhaps Owl Pharaoh\u2019s sole drawback is that it still doesn\u2019t quite seem to answer the question 'Who exactly is Travi$ Scott?'", "Peacekeeper (Fleetwood Mac song) \"Peacekeeper\" is a song by Fleetwood Mac, written by guitarist and vocalist Lindsey Buckingham, from the 2003 album \" Say You Will\". It was the first and most commercially successful single released from the album. This was also the band's 25th, and most recent song to reach the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. This was also Buckingham's first US hit since \"Family Man\", which peaked at #90 in 1988. \"Peacekeeper\" was written in 2000, three years before the release of \"Say You Will\", in a house Buckingham was renting with his wife. Like many of Buckingham's contributions on \"Say You Will\", \"Peacekeeper\" was originally going to appear on Buckingham's solo album, \"Gift of Screws\". However, Warner Bros told Buckingham to use all of his material for the upcoming Fleetwood Mac album instead. Warner Bros felt the song had the potential to become a hit, describing the song as \"walking a line between something quite modern and something quite familiar\". Warner Bros ultimately selected the song as the album's first single. \"Peacekeeper\" entered the US charts at #93 on 29 March. Seven weeks later, the song reached its peak position of #80. The song tallied eleven consecutive weeks on the Billboard Hot 100. In New Zealand, the single proved to be far more successful, eventually reaching #31 on the New Zealand Singles Chart. On the other hand, it failed to chart in the UK. The radio edit differs slightly from the album version. The radio edit replaces the line \"only kill\" with \"break their will. \" The latter lyrics are used during live performances.", "On 18 January 2002, the duo released their first and debut song called \"Stop Calling Me\". It is a song about stalking situations based on a real-life experience that they and their male and female friends have had. The song entered the charts at number forty-five on 25 February 2002. The song rose up the charts from then on and because of more airplay the song managed to peak into the top ten at number five. It became Shakaya's biggest hit of their career, being certified platinum by ARIA, becoming the forty-third highest selling single for 2002, and being nominated for the \"Highest Selling Single\" for the 2002 ARIA Awards. The second song released was \"Sublime\", released in Australia on 17 May 2002 and became the duo's second top twenty single peaking at number nineteen in June 2002. \" Cinderella\" was the third and last song released by the duo; it became their third top twenty single, peaking at number sixteen, and it was certified gold by ARIA. Their debut self-titled album \"Shakaya\" was finally released in Australia on 18 October 2002 and was received well, debuting in the charts at number five on 28 October 2002. The album fell to number forty-eight the next week and only spent seven weeks in the top one hundred. On 14 April 2003 the band released a cover version of the Michael Jackson hit \"The Way You Make Me Feel\"; the girls said it was amazing to cover of one of his songs because he is the King of Pop. The song had a minor success on the charts peaking at number twenty-one and staying in the top fifty for seven weeks. \"Are You Ready\" was recorded over an eighteen-month period in Cairns, Sydney and the United States with a range of producers. The first song released from the album was titled", "The album was also a success in Australia peaking at number six, and was certified double platinum and became the 24th-highest-selling album for 1990. Six singles were released from \"Runaway Horses\", and were successful in most markets; the album giving Carlisle four more international top ten hits. \" Leave a Light On\" was the first song released from the album and became a top ten hit around the world including the UK where it hit number four (and certified Silver), Australia where it hit number five and Canada where it hit number six. The song narrowly missed the top ten in the United States peaking at number 11. \" La Luna\" was the second song released from the album and became a top 40 hit in Australia and the UK, also becoming her third top ten in Switzerland. \" Summer Rain\" was the third song released and became a top ten hit in Australia and a top 30 hit in the U.S. (where it was released as the second single) and the UK (where it was released as the sixth single in December 1990). \"Runaway Horses\" (the title track) was the fourth single released, but was not as successful as the previous singles, only managing to reach number 40 in the UK. \"Vision of You\" was the fifth song released and became the lowest-charting single on the album only peaking at number 41 in the UK, and a re-release in 1991 reached 71. The sixth and final song released from the album was \"(We Want) The Same Thing\", becoming Carlisle's fifth top ten single in the UK. For its single release, \"(We Want) The Same Thing\" was totally remixed from a heavily accented punk rock staccato mix to a pop song."], "answer": {"text": "2018.", "answer_start": 1134}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened to Portugal. The Man in 2014?", "answer": {"text": "In November 2014, Portugal. The Man were in the studio recording their eighth album", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they perform at Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "They have since completed another album, titled Woodstock,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was a song on the album, Woodstock?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States,", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What year was it released?", "answer": {"text": "Woodstock was released on June 16, 2017.", "answer_start": 632, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "\"Feel It Still\" became the band's biggest hit single to date in the United States, reaching", "answer_start": 735, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they tour?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other interesting information about the album?", "answer": {"text": "\". The album's title was inspired by an original 1969 Woodstock music festival ticket stub owned by Gourley's father.", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_de2bb4ff465c412eab84e78c335ce227_0_q#0", "question": "What was Cathy Rush's involvement with the USA basketball pan american team?", "rewrite": "What was Cathy Rush's involvement with the USA basketball pan american team?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While just a freshman, Strother was invited to play on the 2003 Pan American team (along with freshman classmate Barbara Turner. The young team would earn a silver medal, going 5\u20132, both losses to gold medal winner Cuba. Strother started six of seven games, and averaged 7.9 points per games, fifth best on her team. Although the UConn faithful normally embrace former players, Strother attended a UConn vs. Notre Dame basketball game in early 2010 wearing a Notre Dame sweatshirt, leading to some ridicule from current UConn students (her boyfriend's brother was playing for Notre Dame at the time). On December 29, 2013, the University of Connecticut inducted two women's basketball team, the National Championship winning teams of 2002\u201303 and 2003\u201304 into the Huskies of Honor. Strother was a player for each of those two seasons. Strother was selected to be on the USA Basketball Women's Junior National team (now known at the U18 and U19 teams). She was the youngest of the invitees at age 17. Strother scored six points per game and helped the US in the bronze medal at the 2001 USA Basketball Women's Junior World Championship held in Brno, Czech Republic. Strother was named to the team representing the US at the 2003 Pan American Games. The team lost the opening game to Cuba, then rebounded to win their next five games, including an overtime win against Brazil. They then faced Cuba for the gold medal, falling short 75\u201364 to take home the silver medal. Strother averaged 7.9 points per game. Strother was also invited to be on the 2012 USA Basketball Women's 3x3 National Team, which will be going to the inaugural FIBA 3x3 World Championship in Athens, Greece, planned for August 2012.", "The AIAW organized national championships starting in 1972, and the USA Basketball teams increasing drew from the ranks of the AIAW members. In 1975, the Pan Am team included players such as Nancy Lieberman, Lusia Harris, Pat Head, and Ann Meyers, and coach Cathy Rush, each of whom would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. The gold medal winning 1975 team was especially dominant, winning all seven games convincingly. The closest game was the final against Brazil, and that game was won by the USA team 74\u201355. The 1979 team, with Pat Head now coaching instead of playing, had high hopes to repeat as gold medal winners. Virtually the same team had won the gold at the world Championships, and the gold at the Jones Cup competition. however, the final game pitted undefeated USA against undefeated Cuba, and the Cuban team prevailed, 91\u201386. The 1983 team returned to gold medal form, winning all five games in Caracas, Venezuela. The scoring leaders were Cheryl Miller, Lynette Woodard at 19.8 and 19.0 points per game, respectively. The team also included Anne Donovan and Kim Mulkey, now better known as coaches. The 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico began on 14 October, but the women's basketball events commenced on the 21st. The team practiced in Texas, and left for Mexico on the 18th of October. The head coach of the USA team was Ceal Barry, from the University of Colorado, who was assisted by Jennifer Gillom and Debbie Ryan. The USA team fell to Argentina 58-55 in their opening match. The USA team opened strong, ending the first period with a 14-point lead, but the USA team let up, and the Argentines closed the half with a 15-5 run which cut the margin to four.", "They were still qualified for the medal round, and played against France in the quarter-final; the USA was down by 13 points early in the game, but took a lead with just over a minute to go in the game and won 70\u201364. The USA took an early lead in the semi-final against Brazil, and qualified for the gold medal game. The final was against Spain, which the USA won 69\u201346. Although she was one of the youngest players on the team, Stewart averaged 11.2 points per game to post the highest scoring average of the USA players. She was one of the five players named to the all tournament team; Ariel Massengale was the other USA player to earn all tournament honors. She competed for the United States at the 2011 Pan American Games. The USA Pan American team members were usually chosen from the college ranks, although many of the other countries use their national teams, which include professional players. Stewart was the only high school player chosen for the 2011 Pan American team, and only the second high school player in Pan American team history for the USA teams. The only other high school player on a Pan American team was Nancy Lieberman, who played on the 1975 team, almost 20 years before Stewart was born. The 2011 team finished seventh, the first time in history they did not earn a medal, but Stewart, almost three years younger than the next youngest player, was still a major contributor, scoring 15.4 points per game to lead the team in scoring. She also led the team in blocks and rebounds. Stewart was named the 2011 USA Basketball Female Athlete of the Year. USA Basketball cited her performance on the U19 team and the Pan American team.", "The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971. In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach. One of the leading players on the Pan American team was Lusia Harris, whose Delta State team had beaten Immaculata in the 1975 Championship game, and would do so again in 1976. There were other notable players on the team, such as Pat Head (Summitt), Ann Meyers and others, as well as a 17-year-old high school player, Nancy Lieberman. The games were originally planned for Chile, then Brazil when Chile withdrew the offer to host, and then Mexico City, where they were eventually held in October. The team roster and coaches were identical to the US National team that placed eighth in the World Championships, held a few weeks earlier. That team finished with a disappointing 4-3 record, but lost the three games by a total of nine points. The USA's team first opponent was Mexico, a team that finished ahead of the USA at the World Championships, and would end up the silver medal winning in this competition. The USA team beat them 99-65, setting a tone for the event. The USA next beat Canada 75-56. They followed that game with a convincing 116-28 victory over El Salvador. Their following game against Cuba was the only close game, with the USA winning by six points 70-64. The USA team then went on to defeat the Dominican Republic 99-50, and Columbia 74-48. This set up the final with Brazil. The team from Brazil had beaten the USA team in the prior three Pan American competitions, and had won the gold medal in two of them.", "United States women's Pan American Games basketball team The Pan American Team is one of the teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. The Pan American Games are held every four years in the year before the Olympics. The first Pan American Games were held in 1951, but those games were men only. The second Pan American games in 1955 included women's teams. Eligible teams are the members of FIBA Americas. The USA has participated every year since the 1955 event, except for 1995, when the game were canceled, due to too few teams committed to play. Participants in the Pan American games included the very best ever to be part of the sport\u2013ten players ended up in the Naismith Hall of Fame, including Cheryl Miller, Nancy Lieberman and Lusia Harris. Hall of Fame members Jody Conradt, Billie Moore, Cathy Rush, C. Vivian Stringer and Kay Yow were coaches for Pan American teams, while Denise Curry and Pat Summitt participated both as players and coaches. In the early years of the Pan American (Pan Am) games, the players came from the AAU teams. The players for the 1955 team were drawn primarily from Hanes Hosiery Mills, Wayland College Flying Queens, the Dons, and Dowells Dolls. These four teams played each other in a tournament to help select the players for the Pan Am team. Hanes Hosiery came in first ahead of Wayland Baptist. This result would not be surprising, as these were the two dominant teams of the era. Hanes Hosiery won the AAU national championship in 1951, 1952, and 1953, beating Wayland two of those three years, and Wayland would go on to win the national championship the net four years 1954\u20131957."], "answer": {"text": "In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach.", "answer_start": 159}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_de2bb4ff465c412eab84e78c335ce227_0_q#1", "question": "Did they win gold?", "rewrite": "Did the USA basketball pan american team win gold in 1975?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["United States women's Pan American Games basketball team The Pan American Team is one of the teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. The Pan American Games are held every four years in the year before the Olympics. The first Pan American Games were held in 1951, but those games were men only. The second Pan American games in 1955 included women's teams. Eligible teams are the members of FIBA Americas. The USA has participated every year since the 1955 event, except for 1995, when the game were canceled, due to too few teams committed to play. Participants in the Pan American games included the very best ever to be part of the sport\u2013ten players ended up in the Naismith Hall of Fame, including Cheryl Miller, Nancy Lieberman and Lusia Harris. Hall of Fame members Jody Conradt, Billie Moore, Cathy Rush, C. Vivian Stringer and Kay Yow were coaches for Pan American teams, while Denise Curry and Pat Summitt participated both as players and coaches. In the early years of the Pan American (Pan Am) games, the players came from the AAU teams. The players for the 1955 team were drawn primarily from Hanes Hosiery Mills, Wayland College Flying Queens, the Dons, and Dowells Dolls. These four teams played each other in a tournament to help select the players for the Pan Am team. Hanes Hosiery came in first ahead of Wayland Baptist. This result would not be surprising, as these were the two dominant teams of the era. Hanes Hosiery won the AAU national championship in 1951, 1952, and 1953, beating Wayland two of those three years, and Wayland would go on to win the national championship the net four years 1954\u20131957.", "While just a freshman, Strother was invited to play on the 2003 Pan American team (along with freshman classmate Barbara Turner. The young team would earn a silver medal, going 5\u20132, both losses to gold medal winner Cuba. Strother started six of seven games, and averaged 7.9 points per games, fifth best on her team. Although the UConn faithful normally embrace former players, Strother attended a UConn vs. Notre Dame basketball game in early 2010 wearing a Notre Dame sweatshirt, leading to some ridicule from current UConn students (her boyfriend's brother was playing for Notre Dame at the time). On December 29, 2013, the University of Connecticut inducted two women's basketball team, the National Championship winning teams of 2002\u201303 and 2003\u201304 into the Huskies of Honor. Strother was a player for each of those two seasons. Strother was selected to be on the USA Basketball Women's Junior National team (now known at the U18 and U19 teams). She was the youngest of the invitees at age 17. Strother scored six points per game and helped the US in the bronze medal at the 2001 USA Basketball Women's Junior World Championship held in Brno, Czech Republic. Strother was named to the team representing the US at the 2003 Pan American Games. The team lost the opening game to Cuba, then rebounded to win their next five games, including an overtime win against Brazil. They then faced Cuba for the gold medal, falling short 75\u201364 to take home the silver medal. Strother averaged 7.9 points per game. Strother was also invited to be on the 2012 USA Basketball Women's 3x3 National Team, which will be going to the inaugural FIBA 3x3 World Championship in Athens, Greece, planned for August 2012.", "They won their next three games, all by single digit margins, against Bulgaria, Romania and Cuba. That performance qualified the USA team for the gold medal game, but it matched them up against undefeated USSR. While the game was closer, the Soviets were much too strong and won 82\u201344 to claim the gold. The USA team earned a silver medal in their first ever World University Games competition. Moore was named to the coaching staff on the USA National Team as an assistant coach in 1975. Because the World Championships and the Pan American Games were scheduled only eight days apart, USA basketball put together a squad of players and coaches for both events. The World Championship was help in Cali, Colombia at the end of September through early October. The USA team had a disappointing result finishing 4\u20133 and missing the medal rounds. In the opening game, the USA lost by two points to Japan. They bounced back to beat Australia, but then faced Czechoslovakia and lost by a single point. This relegated the team to the consolation rounds, where the team won three of four, losing only to Canada, and finishing in eighth place. The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971. In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Billie Jean Moore was named assistant coach. One of the leading players on the Pan American team was Lusia Harris, whose Delta State team had beaten Immaculata in the 1975 Championship game, and would do so again in 1976. There were other notable players on the team, such as Pat Head (Summitt), Ann Meyers and others, as well as a 17-year-old high school player, Nancy Lieberman.", "Trevon Jenifer Trevon \"Trey\" Jenifer (born September 7, 1988 in La Plata, Maryland) is an American Paralympic wheelchair basketball player. In 1992, Jenifer participated in Wheelchair Track and Wheelchair Basketball with New Life Inc. He is an American record holder for the 100, 200, 400 and 800 meters in U11 and U14 age groups. He does several speaking engagements, motivational speeches, and demonstrations for kids, many organizations, etc. Jenifer has been a Keynote Speaker for the Americans with Disabilities Act, Horace Mann School, and many others. In 2006 he published his first book, \"From the Ground Up\". In 2006-2011 Jenifer attended Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, where he played wheelchair basketball and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the Criminal Justice Degree. He was a Captain of the team from 2008 - 2011, a First Team All-American in 2010, Second Team All-American in 2011. In 2009 he made the U23 USA National Wheelchair Basketball Team. He helped his team win Gold at the World Cup in France and Silver at the BT Cup in London. In 2010 Jenifer made the USA Men's National Wheelchair Basketball Team. He helped his team win Gold at Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico in 2011. He then helped his team win Bronze at the 2012 Paralympic Games in London, the first medal the Men's Wheelchair Basketball Team has won in 12 years. He was a member of the team that won the silver medal at the 2014 Incheon World Wheelchair Basketball Championship, losing to Australia in the finals. Jenifer competed in the 2016 Summer Paralympics and won a gold medal, the first in 28 years, with the U.S. Men's wheelchair basketball team. In 2011-2013 Jenifer played for Bay City, a local team based out of Erie, Pennsylvania.", "They were still qualified for the medal round, and played against France in the quarter-final; the USA was down by 13 points early in the game, but took a lead with just over a minute to go in the game and won 70\u201364. The USA took an early lead in the semi-final against Brazil, and qualified for the gold medal game. The final was against Spain, which the USA won 69\u201346. Although she was one of the youngest players on the team, Stewart averaged 11.2 points per game to post the highest scoring average of the USA players. She was one of the five players named to the all tournament team; Ariel Massengale was the other USA player to earn all tournament honors. She competed for the United States at the 2011 Pan American Games. The USA Pan American team members were usually chosen from the college ranks, although many of the other countries use their national teams, which include professional players. Stewart was the only high school player chosen for the 2011 Pan American team, and only the second high school player in Pan American team history for the USA teams. The only other high school player on a Pan American team was Nancy Lieberman, who played on the 1975 team, almost 20 years before Stewart was born. The 2011 team finished seventh, the first time in history they did not earn a medal, but Stewart, almost three years younger than the next youngest player, was still a major contributor, scoring 15.4 points per game to lead the team in scoring. She also led the team in blocks and rebounds. Stewart was named the 2011 USA Basketball Female Athlete of the Year. USA Basketball cited her performance on the U19 team and the Pan American team."], "answer": {"text": "This time, the USA team won easily 74-55, earning the gold medal for the first time in twelve years.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cathy Rush's involvement with the USA basketball pan american team?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach.", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_de2bb4ff465c412eab84e78c335ce227_0_q#2", "question": "What did she do after that?", "rewrite": "What did Cathy Rush do after winning gold in 1975?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Their inspirational story was made into a feature-length theatrical movie called The Mighty Macs and released by Sony Pictures in 2011. The 1972-74 teams have produced 3 Women's Basketball Hall of Fame Inductees. Listed are the individuals associated with the three teams; Janet Ruch Boltz, Denise Conway Crawford, Janet Young Eline, Theresa Shank Grentz (Class of 2001), Barbara Deuble Kelly, Tina Krah, Patricia Mulhern Loughran, Judy Marra Martelli, Sue Forsyth O'Grady, Rene Muth Portland, Betty Ann Hoffman Quinn, Cathy Rush (Class of 2000), Mary Scharff, Marianne Crawford Stanley (Class of 2002), Maureen Stuhlman, and Marie Liguori Williams. The 1975, 1976, and 1977 Delta State teams captured three consecutive AIAW championships. After finishing 16\u20132 in the 1973-74 revival season following a 40-year layoff of the women's basketball program, Delta State proceeded to end Immaculata College's three-year AIAW national championship reign in season No. 2 by going undefeated at 28-0. Delta State followed its first AIAW national crown by also winning the next two as the Lady Statesmen defeated Immaculata (69-64) at Penn State and then LSU (68-55) at Minnesota. During their three championship years, Delta State compiled a 93-4 record (28-0, 33-1, 32-3), including a then-record 51 straight wins. The 1975-77 teams have produced 2 Women's Basketball Hall of Fame inductees, Margaret Wade and Lusia Harris Stewart. The WBCA Wade Trophy, considered the Heisman of women's basketball, is named in honor of Lily Margaret Wade.", "The Mighty Macs The Mighty Macs is a 2009 American film by director Tim Chambers. It stars Carla Gugino in the lead role of Cathy Rush, a Hall of Fame women's basketball coach. The film premiered in the 2009 Heartland Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on October 21, 2011 through indie film label Freestyle Releasing. In 1971, Cathy Rush, a woman ahead of her time, takes a job as the head women's basketball coach at Immaculata College. Rush faces a challenge of trying to compete against perennial powerhouses. Seven members of the 1972 Immaculata championship team appear as nuns in a church scene. The film was filmed in 2007, but not released until 2011 due to the difficulties of finding a distributor. The director, Tim Chambers, had a potential distribution deal with Disney, but turned it down because Disney wanted to add coarse language to earn PG rating, but Chambers preferred to go for a G rating. Chambers worked out a deal with Freestyle Releasing, and the movie opened four years after completing the filming. Some scenes were shot at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Some scenes were shot at The Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. \"The Mighty Macs\" received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 46%, based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's consensus reads, \"Its heart is obviously in the right place, but \"The Mighty Macs\" is too blandly formulaic to transcend the genre's many clich\u00e9s. \" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 49 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\".", "The AIAW organized national championships starting in 1972, and the USA Basketball teams increasing drew from the ranks of the AIAW members. In 1975, the Pan Am team included players such as Nancy Lieberman, Lusia Harris, Pat Head, and Ann Meyers, and coach Cathy Rush, each of whom would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. The gold medal winning 1975 team was especially dominant, winning all seven games convincingly. The closest game was the final against Brazil, and that game was won by the USA team 74\u201355. The 1979 team, with Pat Head now coaching instead of playing, had high hopes to repeat as gold medal winners. Virtually the same team had won the gold at the world Championships, and the gold at the Jones Cup competition. however, the final game pitted undefeated USA against undefeated Cuba, and the Cuban team prevailed, 91\u201386. The 1983 team returned to gold medal form, winning all five games in Caracas, Venezuela. The scoring leaders were Cheryl Miller, Lynette Woodard at 19.8 and 19.0 points per game, respectively. The team also included Anne Donovan and Kim Mulkey, now better known as coaches. The 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico began on 14 October, but the women's basketball events commenced on the 21st. The team practiced in Texas, and left for Mexico on the 18th of October. The head coach of the USA team was Ceal Barry, from the University of Colorado, who was assisted by Jennifer Gillom and Debbie Ryan. The USA team fell to Argentina 58-55 in their opening match. The USA team opened strong, ending the first period with a 14-point lead, but the USA team let up, and the Argentines closed the half with a 15-5 run which cut the margin to four.", "The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971. In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach. One of the leading players on the Pan American team was Lusia Harris, whose Delta State team had beaten Immaculata in the 1975 Championship game, and would do so again in 1976. There were other notable players on the team, such as Pat Head (Summitt), Ann Meyers and others, as well as a 17-year-old high school player, Nancy Lieberman. The games were originally planned for Chile, then Brazil when Chile withdrew the offer to host, and then Mexico City, where they were eventually held in October. The team roster and coaches were identical to the US National team that placed eighth in the World Championships, held a few weeks earlier. That team finished with a disappointing 4-3 record, but lost the three games by a total of nine points. The USA's team first opponent was Mexico, a team that finished ahead of the USA at the World Championships, and would end up the silver medal winning in this competition. The USA team beat them 99-65, setting a tone for the event. The USA next beat Canada 75-56. They followed that game with a convincing 116-28 victory over El Salvador. Their following game against Cuba was the only close game, with the USA winning by six points 70-64. The USA team then went on to defeat the Dominican Republic 99-50, and Columbia 74-48. This set up the final with Brazil. The team from Brazil had beaten the USA team in the prior three Pan American competitions, and had won the gold medal in two of them.", "Ed T. Rush Ed T. Rush (born 1942) is a former professional basketball referee. He joined the NBA as a referee in 1966, at age 24, becoming the youngest referee in NBA history. In 1973, he left for the American Basketball Association, but returned to the NBA when the ABA merged with that league in 1976. Rush became the NBA's director of officiating in 1998, and served in that position until 2003, when he was succeeded by Ronnie Nunn. He was married to three time AIAW Women's Basketball Tournament winning coach and Basketball Hall of Famer Cathy Rush. On April 1, 2013, CBS Sports reported that during a meeting prior to the 2013 Pac-12 Men's Basketball Tournament Rush had jokingly offered $5,000 or a trip to Canc\u00fan to referees who would properly handle the antics of Arizona head coach Sean Miller, who was called for a controversial technical foul in Arizona's semi-final 2-point loss to UCLA, the first technical foul Miller had received that season. The report cited an unnamed referee who claimed that Rush intimidated the Pac-12's referees and \"[bullied] everyone.\" Pac-12 commissioner Larry Scott responded to the allegations in a statement saying that the reports had been investigated and that the conference believed Rush had made the offer \"in jest.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cathy Rush's involvement with the USA basketball pan american team?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach.", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win gold?", "answer": {"text": "This time, the USA team won easily 74-55, earning the gold medal for the first time in twelve years.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_de2bb4ff465c412eab84e78c335ce227_0_q#3", "question": "Did she ever coach the Pan American team again?", "rewrite": "Did Cathy Rush ever coach the Pan American team again after 1975?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They were still qualified for the medal round, and played against France in the quarter-final; the USA was down by 13 points early in the game, but took a lead with just over a minute to go in the game and won 70\u201364. The USA took an early lead in the semi-final against Brazil, and qualified for the gold medal game. The final was against Spain, which the USA won 69\u201346. Although she was one of the youngest players on the team, Stewart averaged 11.2 points per game to post the highest scoring average of the USA players. She was one of the five players named to the all tournament team; Ariel Massengale was the other USA player to earn all tournament honors. She competed for the United States at the 2011 Pan American Games. The USA Pan American team members were usually chosen from the college ranks, although many of the other countries use their national teams, which include professional players. Stewart was the only high school player chosen for the 2011 Pan American team, and only the second high school player in Pan American team history for the USA teams. The only other high school player on a Pan American team was Nancy Lieberman, who played on the 1975 team, almost 20 years before Stewart was born. The 2011 team finished seventh, the first time in history they did not earn a medal, but Stewart, almost three years younger than the next youngest player, was still a major contributor, scoring 15.4 points per game to lead the team in scoring. She also led the team in blocks and rebounds. Stewart was named the 2011 USA Basketball Female Athlete of the Year. USA Basketball cited her performance on the U19 team and the Pan American team.", "The Mighty Macs The Mighty Macs is a 2009 American film by director Tim Chambers. It stars Carla Gugino in the lead role of Cathy Rush, a Hall of Fame women's basketball coach. The film premiered in the 2009 Heartland Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on October 21, 2011 through indie film label Freestyle Releasing. In 1971, Cathy Rush, a woman ahead of her time, takes a job as the head women's basketball coach at Immaculata College. Rush faces a challenge of trying to compete against perennial powerhouses. Seven members of the 1972 Immaculata championship team appear as nuns in a church scene. The film was filmed in 2007, but not released until 2011 due to the difficulties of finding a distributor. The director, Tim Chambers, had a potential distribution deal with Disney, but turned it down because Disney wanted to add coarse language to earn PG rating, but Chambers preferred to go for a G rating. Chambers worked out a deal with Freestyle Releasing, and the movie opened four years after completing the filming. Some scenes were shot at West Chester University in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Some scenes were shot at The Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. \"The Mighty Macs\" received mixed reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 46%, based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10. The site's consensus reads, \"Its heart is obviously in the right place, but \"The Mighty Macs\" is too blandly formulaic to transcend the genre's many clich\u00e9s. \" On Metacritic, the film has a rating of 49 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\".", "United States women's Pan American Games basketball team The Pan American Team is one of the teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. The Pan American Games are held every four years in the year before the Olympics. The first Pan American Games were held in 1951, but those games were men only. The second Pan American games in 1955 included women's teams. Eligible teams are the members of FIBA Americas. The USA has participated every year since the 1955 event, except for 1995, when the game were canceled, due to too few teams committed to play. Participants in the Pan American games included the very best ever to be part of the sport\u2013ten players ended up in the Naismith Hall of Fame, including Cheryl Miller, Nancy Lieberman and Lusia Harris. Hall of Fame members Jody Conradt, Billie Moore, Cathy Rush, C. Vivian Stringer and Kay Yow were coaches for Pan American teams, while Denise Curry and Pat Summitt participated both as players and coaches. In the early years of the Pan American (Pan Am) games, the players came from the AAU teams. The players for the 1955 team were drawn primarily from Hanes Hosiery Mills, Wayland College Flying Queens, the Dons, and Dowells Dolls. These four teams played each other in a tournament to help select the players for the Pan Am team. Hanes Hosiery came in first ahead of Wayland Baptist. This result would not be surprising, as these were the two dominant teams of the era. Hanes Hosiery won the AAU national championship in 1951, 1952, and 1953, beating Wayland two of those three years, and Wayland would go on to win the national championship the net four years 1954\u20131957.", "The AIAW organized national championships starting in 1972, and the USA Basketball teams increasing drew from the ranks of the AIAW members. In 1975, the Pan Am team included players such as Nancy Lieberman, Lusia Harris, Pat Head, and Ann Meyers, and coach Cathy Rush, each of whom would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. The gold medal winning 1975 team was especially dominant, winning all seven games convincingly. The closest game was the final against Brazil, and that game was won by the USA team 74\u201355. The 1979 team, with Pat Head now coaching instead of playing, had high hopes to repeat as gold medal winners. Virtually the same team had won the gold at the world Championships, and the gold at the Jones Cup competition. however, the final game pitted undefeated USA against undefeated Cuba, and the Cuban team prevailed, 91\u201386. The 1983 team returned to gold medal form, winning all five games in Caracas, Venezuela. The scoring leaders were Cheryl Miller, Lynette Woodard at 19.8 and 19.0 points per game, respectively. The team also included Anne Donovan and Kim Mulkey, now better known as coaches. The 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico began on 14 October, but the women's basketball events commenced on the 21st. The team practiced in Texas, and left for Mexico on the 18th of October. The head coach of the USA team was Ceal Barry, from the University of Colorado, who was assisted by Jennifer Gillom and Debbie Ryan. The USA team fell to Argentina 58-55 in their opening match. The USA team opened strong, ending the first period with a 14-point lead, but the USA team let up, and the Argentines closed the half with a 15-5 run which cut the margin to four.", "The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971. In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach. One of the leading players on the Pan American team was Lusia Harris, whose Delta State team had beaten Immaculata in the 1975 Championship game, and would do so again in 1976. There were other notable players on the team, such as Pat Head (Summitt), Ann Meyers and others, as well as a 17-year-old high school player, Nancy Lieberman. The games were originally planned for Chile, then Brazil when Chile withdrew the offer to host, and then Mexico City, where they were eventually held in October. The team roster and coaches were identical to the US National team that placed eighth in the World Championships, held a few weeks earlier. That team finished with a disappointing 4-3 record, but lost the three games by a total of nine points. The USA's team first opponent was Mexico, a team that finished ahead of the USA at the World Championships, and would end up the silver medal winning in this competition. The USA team beat them 99-65, setting a tone for the event. The USA next beat Canada 75-56. They followed that game with a convincing 116-28 victory over El Salvador. Their following game against Cuba was the only close game, with the USA winning by six points 70-64. The USA team then went on to defeat the Dominican Republic 99-50, and Columbia 74-48. This set up the final with Brazil. The team from Brazil had beaten the USA team in the prior three Pan American competitions, and had won the gold medal in two of them."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Cathy Rush's involvement with the USA basketball pan american team?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach.", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win gold?", "answer": {"text": "This time, the USA team won easily 74-55, earning the gold medal for the first time in twelve years.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did she do after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_de2bb4ff465c412eab84e78c335ce227_0_q#4", "question": "What other teams did she coach?", "rewrite": "Besides USA basketball pan american team, what other teams did Cathy Rush coach?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["United States women's Pan American Games basketball team The Pan American Team is one of the teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. The Pan American Games are held every four years in the year before the Olympics. The first Pan American Games were held in 1951, but those games were men only. The second Pan American games in 1955 included women's teams. Eligible teams are the members of FIBA Americas. The USA has participated every year since the 1955 event, except for 1995, when the game were canceled, due to too few teams committed to play. Participants in the Pan American games included the very best ever to be part of the sport\u2013ten players ended up in the Naismith Hall of Fame, including Cheryl Miller, Nancy Lieberman and Lusia Harris. Hall of Fame members Jody Conradt, Billie Moore, Cathy Rush, C. Vivian Stringer and Kay Yow were coaches for Pan American teams, while Denise Curry and Pat Summitt participated both as players and coaches. In the early years of the Pan American (Pan Am) games, the players came from the AAU teams. The players for the 1955 team were drawn primarily from Hanes Hosiery Mills, Wayland College Flying Queens, the Dons, and Dowells Dolls. These four teams played each other in a tournament to help select the players for the Pan Am team. Hanes Hosiery came in first ahead of Wayland Baptist. This result would not be surprising, as these were the two dominant teams of the era. Hanes Hosiery won the AAU national championship in 1951, 1952, and 1953, beating Wayland two of those three years, and Wayland would go on to win the national championship the net four years 1954\u20131957.", "The AIAW organized national championships starting in 1972, and the USA Basketball teams increasing drew from the ranks of the AIAW members. In 1975, the Pan Am team included players such as Nancy Lieberman, Lusia Harris, Pat Head, and Ann Meyers, and coach Cathy Rush, each of whom would be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. The gold medal winning 1975 team was especially dominant, winning all seven games convincingly. The closest game was the final against Brazil, and that game was won by the USA team 74\u201355. The 1979 team, with Pat Head now coaching instead of playing, had high hopes to repeat as gold medal winners. Virtually the same team had won the gold at the world Championships, and the gold at the Jones Cup competition. however, the final game pitted undefeated USA against undefeated Cuba, and the Cuban team prevailed, 91\u201386. The 1983 team returned to gold medal form, winning all five games in Caracas, Venezuela. The scoring leaders were Cheryl Miller, Lynette Woodard at 19.8 and 19.0 points per game, respectively. The team also included Anne Donovan and Kim Mulkey, now better known as coaches. The 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico began on 14 October, but the women's basketball events commenced on the 21st. The team practiced in Texas, and left for Mexico on the 18th of October. The head coach of the USA team was Ceal Barry, from the University of Colorado, who was assisted by Jennifer Gillom and Debbie Ryan. The USA team fell to Argentina 58-55 in their opening match. The USA team opened strong, ending the first period with a 14-point lead, but the USA team let up, and the Argentines closed the half with a 15-5 run which cut the margin to four.", "The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971. In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach. One of the leading players on the Pan American team was Lusia Harris, whose Delta State team had beaten Immaculata in the 1975 Championship game, and would do so again in 1976. There were other notable players on the team, such as Pat Head (Summitt), Ann Meyers and others, as well as a 17-year-old high school player, Nancy Lieberman. The games were originally planned for Chile, then Brazil when Chile withdrew the offer to host, and then Mexico City, where they were eventually held in October. The team roster and coaches were identical to the US National team that placed eighth in the World Championships, held a few weeks earlier. That team finished with a disappointing 4-3 record, but lost the three games by a total of nine points. The USA's team first opponent was Mexico, a team that finished ahead of the USA at the World Championships, and would end up the silver medal winning in this competition. The USA team beat them 99-65, setting a tone for the event. The USA next beat Canada 75-56. They followed that game with a convincing 116-28 victory over El Salvador. Their following game against Cuba was the only close game, with the USA winning by six points 70-64. The USA team then went on to defeat the Dominican Republic 99-50, and Columbia 74-48. This set up the final with Brazil. The team from Brazil had beaten the USA team in the prior three Pan American competitions, and had won the gold medal in two of them.", "While just a freshman, Strother was invited to play on the 2003 Pan American team (along with freshman classmate Barbara Turner. The young team would earn a silver medal, going 5\u20132, both losses to gold medal winner Cuba. Strother started six of seven games, and averaged 7.9 points per games, fifth best on her team. Although the UConn faithful normally embrace former players, Strother attended a UConn vs. Notre Dame basketball game in early 2010 wearing a Notre Dame sweatshirt, leading to some ridicule from current UConn students (her boyfriend's brother was playing for Notre Dame at the time). On December 29, 2013, the University of Connecticut inducted two women's basketball team, the National Championship winning teams of 2002\u201303 and 2003\u201304 into the Huskies of Honor. Strother was a player for each of those two seasons. Strother was selected to be on the USA Basketball Women's Junior National team (now known at the U18 and U19 teams). She was the youngest of the invitees at age 17. Strother scored six points per game and helped the US in the bronze medal at the 2001 USA Basketball Women's Junior World Championship held in Brno, Czech Republic. Strother was named to the team representing the US at the 2003 Pan American Games. The team lost the opening game to Cuba, then rebounded to win their next five games, including an overtime win against Brazil. They then faced Cuba for the gold medal, falling short 75\u201364 to take home the silver medal. Strother averaged 7.9 points per game. Strother was also invited to be on the 2012 USA Basketball Women's 3x3 National Team, which will be going to the inaugural FIBA 3x3 World Championship in Athens, Greece, planned for August 2012.", "They were still qualified for the medal round, and played against France in the quarter-final; the USA was down by 13 points early in the game, but took a lead with just over a minute to go in the game and won 70\u201364. The USA took an early lead in the semi-final against Brazil, and qualified for the gold medal game. The final was against Spain, which the USA won 69\u201346. Although she was one of the youngest players on the team, Stewart averaged 11.2 points per game to post the highest scoring average of the USA players. She was one of the five players named to the all tournament team; Ariel Massengale was the other USA player to earn all tournament honors. She competed for the United States at the 2011 Pan American Games. The USA Pan American team members were usually chosen from the college ranks, although many of the other countries use their national teams, which include professional players. Stewart was the only high school player chosen for the 2011 Pan American team, and only the second high school player in Pan American team history for the USA teams. The only other high school player on a Pan American team was Nancy Lieberman, who played on the 1975 team, almost 20 years before Stewart was born. The 2011 team finished seventh, the first time in history they did not earn a medal, but Stewart, almost three years younger than the next youngest player, was still a major contributor, scoring 15.4 points per game to lead the team in scoring. She also led the team in blocks and rebounds. Stewart was named the 2011 USA Basketball Female Athlete of the Year. USA Basketball cited her performance on the U19 team and the Pan American team."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cathy Rush's involvement with the USA basketball pan american team?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach.", "answer_start": 159, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win gold?", "answer": {"text": "This time, the USA team won easily 74-55, earning the gold medal for the first time in twelve years.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did she do after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she ever coach the Pan American team again?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_929b0635eb014e23acedbe4fdb4c0de2_0_q#0", "question": "When did Terry Bradshaw stop playing football?", "rewrite": "When did Terry Bradshaw stop playing football?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meanwhile, the Steelers scored two second-quarter touchdowns, the first coming on a throw from Terry Bradshaw to John Stallworth. Stallworth caught three passes of twenty yards or longer in the Steelers first two possessions. The Steelers second score came on a one-yard plunge by Franco Harris. When the Steelers scored again on a Sidney Thornton rush at the start of the first quarter to go up 21\u20130, the game appeared to be all but over. However, Bill Munson came into the game in relief of Ferguson and sparked the Bills to two quick scores that brought the Bills to within 11 points. The Steelers put the game away with a 73-yard drive capped by Bradshaw's second touchdown of the game. This game marked the second ever meeting between the Steelers and the Seattle Seahawks, who were playing in just their third NFL season. The Seahawks entered the game hoping to stop the Steelers running game \u2013 while that effort was largely successful the Steelers and quarterback Terry Bradshaw won with the passing game. After a scoreless first quarter, the Steelers took a 14\u20130 lead which they wouldn't relinquish on a pair of Bradshaw touchdown passes. Linebacker Jack Lambert led the Steelers defense with an interception, a fumble recovery and five solo tackles. The first quarter saw Bradshaw injure his throwing hand when he jammed his index finger on a helmet. However, he played through the soreness and threw the two second-quarter scoring passes to Lynn Swann and Sidney Thornton. The Seahawks scored on a David Sims rushing touchdown to stay within one score at halftime. The Seahawks caught the Steelers off guard with a successful onside kick following the Sims score, however the subsequent drive ended in a missed field goal. In the third quarter, the Seahawks narrowed the lead to just four points off an Effren Herrera field goal.", "1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 51st season in the National Football League. They were good enough to win ten games and claim the AFC Central Division title over the 9\u20137 Cleveland Browns. The clincher came in the penultimate game of the regular season, against the New York Jets in what was the final NFL game to be played at Shea Stadium. But to Steelers fans, this was a game that always will be remembered as Terry Bradshaw's final appearance at quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers. By the start of the 1983 season, the Steelers had endured many retirements, they had been forced to adapt to many changes. The Steel Curtain was no more, both from the standpoint of personnel, what with Joe Greene, L.C. Greenwood, Dwight White and Ernie Holmes all retired, but also from the fact the scheme had been switched from a 4\u20133 to the 3\u20134. However, nothing was as dramatic as what they were about to live through for the first time in a very long time. Life without Terry Bradshaw. In another season, Jack Lambert's career would be ended by a dislocated big toe, but at this point in franchise history the most important appendage to them was Bradshaw's right arm. More specifically, his right elbow. Sometime in the months after the 1983 NFL season, a doctor would perform surgery on that very valuable elbow, but in September 1983, the medical plan agreed to by the Steelers and Bradshaw called for rest and treatment. Several times over the season, the false hope for Bradshaw's return to the starting lineup crystallized and then evaporated. Deadlines passed. More deadlines were set. They passed as well. And on and on it went.", "Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships.", "List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero In the National Football League (NFL), the lowest official passer rating that a quarterback (QB) can achieve is 0.0. To achieve a passer rating of 0.0 in a game, a QB must have no touchdowns, complete no more than 30% of his pass attempts, average less than 3 yards per attempt, throw an interception on at least 9.5% of attempts and attempt at least 10 passes. The NFL does not count such games by QBs who attempt fewer than 10 passes in a game. Terry Bradshaw posted a zero rating on a record three occasions, while seven other QBs have two games of 0.0. Gary Keithley is the only QB ever to post zero ratings two straight weeks (1973). There have been two occasions where a starting QB, and his mid-game replacement, have both earned a zero rating in the same game: starter Joe Namath and replacement Richard Todd with the New York Jets (1976), and starter Terry Bradshaw and replacement Cliff Stoudt with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1982). Only once have opposing QBs both posted a zero rating: Gary Keithley and the St. Louis Cardinals defeated Bob Lee and the Atlanta Falcons (1973). No starting QB with a passer rating that low has won the game since Norm Snead in 1976. Twelve QBs have had a zero passer rating and also earned a perfect (158.3) passer rating during their careers: Otto Graham, Johnny Unitas, Joe Namath, Terry Bradshaw, Len Dawson, Bob Griese, James Harris, Bob Lee, Dan Fouts, Craig Morton, Eli Manning, and Peyton Manning.", "Business Day with Terry Bradshaw Business Day With Terry Bradshaw is a television show produced by United States Media Television Productions and hosted by former Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member Terry Bradshaw. Business Day features profiles and interviews of companies, individuals, and communities that impact today\u2019s business world. Paul Douglas Scott, listed on the show's website as President and Founder, is party to a 2007 agreement with the Florida Attorney General. This agreement requires, among other things, that Scott \"shall not represent themselves to be any national news, cable or broadcast network, nor shall Respondents represent that they are 'associated' with any such network.\" The 2007 Agreement also finds that \"Potential clients from Florida and throughout the United States were contacted telephonically by 'creative directors.' These creative directors were actually sales persons who attempted to solicit businesses into signing business contracts with Platinum and New Line. For a 'licensing fee' of approximately $20,000.00 (more, in some cases), a short 5- to 7-minute feature of the business would be produced and inserted into a previously produced magazine style show. The businesses were usually told that the show would air on a combination of national and regional broadcast networks.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_929b0635eb014e23acedbe4fdb4c0de2_0_q#1", "question": "what did he do after football?", "rewrite": "what did Terry Bradshaw do after football?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero In the National Football League (NFL), the lowest official passer rating that a quarterback (QB) can achieve is 0.0. To achieve a passer rating of 0.0 in a game, a QB must have no touchdowns, complete no more than 30% of his pass attempts, average less than 3 yards per attempt, throw an interception on at least 9.5% of attempts and attempt at least 10 passes. The NFL does not count such games by QBs who attempt fewer than 10 passes in a game. Terry Bradshaw posted a zero rating on a record three occasions, while seven other QBs have two games of 0.0. Gary Keithley is the only QB ever to post zero ratings two straight weeks (1973). There have been two occasions where a starting QB, and his mid-game replacement, have both earned a zero rating in the same game: starter Joe Namath and replacement Richard Todd with the New York Jets (1976), and starter Terry Bradshaw and replacement Cliff Stoudt with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1982). Only once have opposing QBs both posted a zero rating: Gary Keithley and the St. Louis Cardinals defeated Bob Lee and the Atlanta Falcons (1973). No starting QB with a passer rating that low has won the game since Norm Snead in 1976. Twelve QBs have had a zero passer rating and also earned a perfect (158.3) passer rating during their careers: Otto Graham, Johnny Unitas, Joe Namath, Terry Bradshaw, Len Dawson, Bob Griese, James Harris, Bob Lee, Dan Fouts, Craig Morton, Eli Manning, and Peyton Manning.", "Business Day with Terry Bradshaw Business Day With Terry Bradshaw is a television show produced by United States Media Television Productions and hosted by former Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member Terry Bradshaw. Business Day features profiles and interviews of companies, individuals, and communities that impact today\u2019s business world. Paul Douglas Scott, listed on the show's website as President and Founder, is party to a 2007 agreement with the Florida Attorney General. This agreement requires, among other things, that Scott \"shall not represent themselves to be any national news, cable or broadcast network, nor shall Respondents represent that they are 'associated' with any such network.\" The 2007 Agreement also finds that \"Potential clients from Florida and throughout the United States were contacted telephonically by 'creative directors.' These creative directors were actually sales persons who attempted to solicit businesses into signing business contracts with Platinum and New Line. For a 'licensing fee' of approximately $20,000.00 (more, in some cases), a short 5- to 7-minute feature of the business would be produced and inserted into a previously produced magazine style show. The businesses were usually told that the show would air on a combination of national and regional broadcast networks.\"", "1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 51st season in the National Football League. They were good enough to win ten games and claim the AFC Central Division title over the 9\u20137 Cleveland Browns. The clincher came in the penultimate game of the regular season, against the New York Jets in what was the final NFL game to be played at Shea Stadium. But to Steelers fans, this was a game that always will be remembered as Terry Bradshaw's final appearance at quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers. By the start of the 1983 season, the Steelers had endured many retirements, they had been forced to adapt to many changes. The Steel Curtain was no more, both from the standpoint of personnel, what with Joe Greene, L.C. Greenwood, Dwight White and Ernie Holmes all retired, but also from the fact the scheme had been switched from a 4\u20133 to the 3\u20134. However, nothing was as dramatic as what they were about to live through for the first time in a very long time. Life without Terry Bradshaw. In another season, Jack Lambert's career would be ended by a dislocated big toe, but at this point in franchise history the most important appendage to them was Bradshaw's right arm. More specifically, his right elbow. Sometime in the months after the 1983 NFL season, a doctor would perform surgery on that very valuable elbow, but in September 1983, the medical plan agreed to by the Steelers and Bradshaw called for rest and treatment. Several times over the season, the false hope for Bradshaw's return to the starting lineup crystallized and then evaporated. Deadlines passed. More deadlines were set. They passed as well. And on and on it went.", "Gilliam was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 11th round of the 1972 NFL Draft, the 273rd overall pick. He made is regular season debut on Monday Night Football, during a Week Eight game against the Miami Dolphins Prior to the 1974 regular season, Steelers head coach Chuck Noll stated that the starting quarterback position was \"wide open\" among Terry Bradshaw, Gilliam, and Terry Hanratty. Gilliam outperformed the other two in the 1974 pre-season and Noll named Gilliam the starting quarterback, the first African American quarterback to start a season opener after the AFL\u2013NFL merger in 1970. After a 30\u20130 win in the season opener over Baltimore, he was featured on the cover of \"Sports Illustrated\". Although he was 4-1-1 in the first six games, he was benched in late October for his lackluster performance and ignoring team rules and game plans. In particular, Gilliam ran afoul of Chuck Noll for his excessive number of pass plays. During the Week 2 game against Denver Broncos, he threw a record 50 passes and almost totally ignored the run game, leading to a 35-35 tie. In Week 3, Gilliam delivered a terrible performance with only 8 completed passes in 31 attempts and 2 interceptions, leading to the Steelers suffering the humiliation of a home shutout by arch-rival Oakland Raiders. After fans began demanding Terry Bradshaw's return, Gilliam was benched. He also received numerous death threats, some of them racially charged. Bradshaw returned as the starter on Monday night in week 7 and led the team to a win in Super Bowl IX, the first of four Super Bowl championships with him at the helm of the offense. \" He gave me my job back,\" Bradshaw told sportscaster James Brown on a February 2000 edition of \"Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel\" on HBO.", "Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships."], "answer": {"text": "In July 1997, Bradshaw served as the presenter", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Terry Bradshaw stop playing football?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_929b0635eb014e23acedbe4fdb4c0de2_0_q#2", "question": "the presenter for what?", "rewrite": "What did Terry Bradshaw serve as the presenter for in 1997?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Father Figures Father Figures (known as Who's Your Daddy? in the United Kingdom) is a 2017 American comedy film directed by Lawrence Sher (in his directorial debut), written by Justin Malen, and starring Owen Wilson, Ed Helms, J. K. Simmons, Katt Williams, Terry Bradshaw, Ving Rhames, Harry Shearer, June Squibb, Christopher Walken, and Glenn Close. The film follows two adult brothers who set out to find their biological father. Principal photography began on October 5, 2015, in Atlanta, and the film was released in the United States on December 22, 2017, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was poorly received by critics, who called it devoid of \"energy or purpose\" and grossed $25 million against its $25 million budget. Kyle (Owen Wilson) and Peter Reynolds (Ed Helms) are fraternal twins who were raised by their mother Helen (Glenn Close) as their father died before they were born. Kyle is dating his pregnant girlfriend Kaylani (Jessica Gomes) and is wealthy from royalties for his image on BBQ sauce labels. Peter is a divorced proctologist with a teenage son (Zachary Haven) who resents him. Shortly after Helen's wedding to Gene (Harry Shearer), Peter recognizes an actor on \"\" from photos of his supposed father and confronts Helen. Helen explains that she had been promiscuous at the time of their conception, and did not want their father involved. When they keep pressing, Helen reveals that their father is Terry Bradshaw. The brothers fly to Florida to meet Bradshaw, who they encounter at a signing event. Bradshaw is excited to have them as sons. As Bradshaw recounts stories with former teammate Rod Hamilton", "Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships.", "List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero In the National Football League (NFL), the lowest official passer rating that a quarterback (QB) can achieve is 0.0. To achieve a passer rating of 0.0 in a game, a QB must have no touchdowns, complete no more than 30% of his pass attempts, average less than 3 yards per attempt, throw an interception on at least 9.5% of attempts and attempt at least 10 passes. The NFL does not count such games by QBs who attempt fewer than 10 passes in a game. Terry Bradshaw posted a zero rating on a record three occasions, while seven other QBs have two games of 0.0. Gary Keithley is the only QB ever to post zero ratings two straight weeks (1973). There have been two occasions where a starting QB, and his mid-game replacement, have both earned a zero rating in the same game: starter Joe Namath and replacement Richard Todd with the New York Jets (1976), and starter Terry Bradshaw and replacement Cliff Stoudt with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1982). Only once have opposing QBs both posted a zero rating: Gary Keithley and the St. Louis Cardinals defeated Bob Lee and the Atlanta Falcons (1973). No starting QB with a passer rating that low has won the game since Norm Snead in 1976. Twelve QBs have had a zero passer rating and also earned a perfect (158.3) passer rating during their careers: Otto Graham, Johnny Unitas, Joe Namath, Terry Bradshaw, Len Dawson, Bob Griese, James Harris, Bob Lee, Dan Fouts, Craig Morton, Eli Manning, and Peyton Manning.", "Meanwhile, the Steelers scored two second-quarter touchdowns, the first coming on a throw from Terry Bradshaw to John Stallworth. Stallworth caught three passes of twenty yards or longer in the Steelers first two possessions. The Steelers second score came on a one-yard plunge by Franco Harris. When the Steelers scored again on a Sidney Thornton rush at the start of the first quarter to go up 21\u20130, the game appeared to be all but over. However, Bill Munson came into the game in relief of Ferguson and sparked the Bills to two quick scores that brought the Bills to within 11 points. The Steelers put the game away with a 73-yard drive capped by Bradshaw's second touchdown of the game. This game marked the second ever meeting between the Steelers and the Seattle Seahawks, who were playing in just their third NFL season. The Seahawks entered the game hoping to stop the Steelers running game \u2013 while that effort was largely successful the Steelers and quarterback Terry Bradshaw won with the passing game. After a scoreless first quarter, the Steelers took a 14\u20130 lead which they wouldn't relinquish on a pair of Bradshaw touchdown passes. Linebacker Jack Lambert led the Steelers defense with an interception, a fumble recovery and five solo tackles. The first quarter saw Bradshaw injure his throwing hand when he jammed his index finger on a helmet. However, he played through the soreness and threw the two second-quarter scoring passes to Lynn Swann and Sidney Thornton. The Seahawks scored on a David Sims rushing touchdown to stay within one score at halftime. The Seahawks caught the Steelers off guard with a successful onside kick following the Sims score, however the subsequent drive ended in a missed field goal. In the third quarter, the Seahawks narrowed the lead to just four points off an Effren Herrera field goal.", "Business Day with Terry Bradshaw Business Day With Terry Bradshaw is a television show produced by United States Media Television Productions and hosted by former Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member Terry Bradshaw. Business Day features profiles and interviews of companies, individuals, and communities that impact today\u2019s business world. Paul Douglas Scott, listed on the show's website as President and Founder, is party to a 2007 agreement with the Florida Attorney General. This agreement requires, among other things, that Scott \"shall not represent themselves to be any national news, cable or broadcast network, nor shall Respondents represent that they are 'associated' with any such network.\" The 2007 Agreement also finds that \"Potential clients from Florida and throughout the United States were contacted telephonically by 'creative directors.' These creative directors were actually sales persons who attempted to solicit businesses into signing business contracts with Platinum and New Line. For a 'licensing fee' of approximately $20,000.00 (more, in some cases), a short 5- to 7-minute feature of the business would be produced and inserted into a previously produced magazine style show. The businesses were usually told that the show would air on a combination of national and regional broadcast networks.\""], "answer": {"text": "when Mike Webster, his center on the Steelers' Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams, was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 47}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Terry Bradshaw stop playing football?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after football?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1997, Bradshaw served as the presenter", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_929b0635eb014e23acedbe4fdb4c0de2_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from playing football and presenting Mike Webster's Hall of Fame induction, Are there any other interesting aspects about Terry Bradshaw from this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships.", "Mike Webster Michael Lewis Webster (March 18, 1952September 24, 2002) was an American football player who played as a center in the National Football League (NFL) from 1974 to 1990 with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Kansas City Chiefs. He is a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame, class of 1997. Nicknamed \"Iron Mike\", Webster anchored the Steelers' offensive line during much of their run of four Super Bowl victories from 1974 to 1979 and is considered by some as one of the best centers in NFL history. Webster was the first former NFL player diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Since his death, he has become a symbol for head injuries in the NFL and the ongoing debate over player safety. His doctors were of the opinion that multiple concussions during his career damaged his frontal lobe, which caused cognitive dysfunction. Webster died in 2002 at the age of 50 of a heart attack. Mike Webster was regarded as the best center in the Big Ten during most of his career at the University of Wisconsin. At 6-foot-1, 255 pounds, he was drafted in the fifth round of the 1974 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers. Serving as a backup at center and guard for two years while being mentored by veteran center Ray Mansfield, Webster became the team's starting center in 1976, where he remained for 150 consecutive games. He was the Steelers' offensive captain for nine years. This ended in 1986 when he dislocated his elbow, causing him to sit out for four games. With the Steelers winning Super Bowl IX, X, XIII, and XIV, Webster and Terry Bradshaw form one of the most well-known center\u2013quarterback pairs in history. Webster was honored as an All-Pro seven times and played in the Pro Bowl nine times.", "Noll rebuilt the Steelers through the NFL draft, selecting defensive tackle Joe Greene and defensive end L. C. Greenwood in his first season as head coach. In 1970, Noll drafted quarterback Terry Bradshaw and cornerback Mel Blount. In 1971, linebacker Jack Ham, defensive tackle Ernie Holmes, defensive end Dwight White, and safety Mike Wagner were selected by the team. Fullback Franco Harris was drafted in 1972. And in 1974, the Steelers picked linebacker Jack Lambert, center Mike Webster and wide receivers Lynn Swann and John Stallworth, and signed safety Donnie Shell as a free agent. Bradshaw, Webster, Swann, Stallworth and Harris ended up being Hall of Fame players on offense, while the others formed the core nucleus of their \"Steel Curtain\" defense, including future Hall of Famers Greene, Ham, Blount and Lambert. But en route to Super Bowl IX, the Steelers had started the regular season slowly, as Bradshaw and Joe Gilliam fought to be the team's starting quarterback. Gilliam had started for the first four games of the season, but Noll eventually made Bradshaw the starter. Although Bradshaw ended up completing only 67 out of 148 passes for 785 yards, 7 touchdowns, and 8 interceptions, he helped lead the team to a 10\u20133\u20131 regular season record. The Steelers main offensive weapon, however, was running the ball. Harris rushed for 1,006 yards and five touchdowns, while also catching 23 passes for 200 yards and another touchdown. Running backs Rocky Bleier, Preston Pearson, and Steve Davis also made important contributions, gaining a combined total of 936 yards and eight touchdowns. But the Steelers' main strength during the season was their staunch \"Steel Curtain\" defense, which led the league with the fewest total yards allowed (3,074) and the fewest passing yards allowed (1,466).", "An avid weightlifter, Webster was known for playing with bare arms to keep opponents from grabbing his sleeves. Webster is also perhaps the best-known of a long line of All-Pro centers for the Steelers. From 1964 to 2006, just four men started at that position: Mansfield, Webster, Dermontti Dawson and Jeff Hartings. In his last year in Pittsburgh, Webster returned the favor by mentoring the then-rookie Dawson in the same manner Mansfield had mentored Webster earlier in his career. Webster was a free agent after 1988 season. He was signed by the Kansas City Chiefs, who initially made him an offensive line coach before allowing him to return as the starting center. Webster played two seasons in Kansas City before announcing his retirement on March 11, 1991 after a 17-year career with a total of 245 games played at center. At the time of his retirement, he was the last active player in the NFL to have played on all four Super Bowl winning teams of the 1970s Steelers. At the time of his retirement, he had played more seasons as a Steeler than anyone else in franchise history (15 seasons), one season ahead of Terry Bradshaw and Hines Ward. Ben Roethlisberger tied Webster's record in the 2018 season, and is poised to break it in 2019. While, at the time of his retirement, the Steelers were no longer officially retiring jerseys, Webster's No. 52 has not been reissued by the team since he retired. In 1999, he was ranked number 75 on \"The Sporting News\"' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players. The football stadium at Rhinelander High School, his alma mater, is named Mike Webster Stadium in his honor. Webster was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007. Webster was proven to have been disabled before retiring from the NFL.", "After retirement, Webster had amnesia, dementia, depression, and acute bone and muscular pain. He lived out of his pickup truck or in train stations between Wisconsin and Pittsburgh, even though his friends and former teammates offered to rent apartments for him. Teammate Terry Bradshaw regularly covered expenses for Webster and his family, while Steelers owner Dan Rooney paid for a hotel room for Webster for over three months. Nonetheless, Webster continued to disappear from contact with friends and family for weeks without explanation. He exhibited unusual changes in behavior, and became so agitated and restless that he used electroshock weapons on himself to induce sleep. In his last years Webster lived with his youngest son, Garrett, who though only a teenager at the time, moved from Wisconsin to Pittsburgh to care for his father. Webster's wife Pamela divorced him six months before his death in 2002 of a heart attack at age 50. Webster was cremated and his ashes were returned to his wife and their four children. After death, Mike Webster was diagnosed with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease. Webster was the first former NFL player diagnosed with CTE. Bennet Omalu, a forensic neuropathologist, examined tissue from Webster and eight other NFL players and determined they all showed the kind of brain damage previously seen in people with Alzheimer's disease or dementia, as well as in some retired boxers. Webster's brain resembled those of boxers with \"dementia pugilistica\", also known as \"punch-drunk syndrome\". Omalu's findings were largely ignored by the NFL until Cincinnati Bengals wide receiver Chris Henry was diagnosed with CTE shortly after his death at age 26 in 2009."], "answer": {"text": "In April 2006, Bradshaw donated his four Super Bowl rings,", "answer_start": 1203}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Terry Bradshaw stop playing football?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after football?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1997, Bradshaw served as the presenter", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "the presenter for what?", "answer": {"text": "when Mike Webster, his center on the Steelers' Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams, was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 47, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a1cdf74456f4deb8e0574eed2f0dc8a_1_q#0", "question": "What was Cibona?", "rewrite": "What was Cibona?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cibona's best player Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 didn't appear in game two somewhat controversially with the official reason provided by the club that he got injured during warm-up right before the game. There has been rife speculation after the game as well as in the years and decades since in the Yugoslav press and public, that, having been so convinced of their superiority over Zadar, Cibona essentially threw game two because they wanted to celebrate the Yugoslav league title in front of their fans at home in game three. With the best-of-three series tied at one apiece, the deciding game 3 was played on Cibona's home court, Dom Sportova, on Saturday, 26 April 1986. Supported by over 10,000 fans, despite plenty of nervy play from the home team (Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 getting a technical for accosting the referee and Franjo Arapovi\u0107 getting thrown out of the game for striking Darko Pahli\u0107), Cibona had the early lead behind Cvjeti\u0107anin's scoring (got 22 of Cibona's 42 first half points) while Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, who returned to the squad after controversially sitting out game two, also scored actively. Still, Zadar kept chasing with most of its first half points coming from their twenty-six-year-old captain Veljko Petranovi\u0107 and twenty-two-year-old center Stojko Vrankovi\u0107. The team's leading scorer, shooting guard Petar Popovi\u0107, on the other hand, was completely out of the shooting rhythm \u2014 missing his first three shots, getting benched seven minutes into the game by head coach Vlade \u0110urovi\u0107, and ending up scoreless at halftime. Cibona was up 42-37 at halftime.", "KK Cibona  KK Cibona (), commonly known as Cibona or Cibona Zagreb, is a Croatian professional basketball club based in Zagreb, Croatia. The club competes in the ABA League and the Croatian League. The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association. Cibona's history dates to late autumn of 1945 when Sloboda (\"Freedom\") was founded as sports society of bank workers, craftsmen, traders and clerks. On April 24, 1946 thanks to basketball enthusiast Branimir Volfer and his friends Ljubo Prosen and Joso Milo\u0161, basketball section of Sloboda, predecessor of today's Cibona, is formed. Its first game was against local rival Slavija on May 7, 1946. Sloboda did not last too long under that name as in November 1946 it merged with Tekstilac, Amater and Grafi\u010dar into Sportsko dru\u0161tvo Zagreb (\"Sports Society Zagreb\"). Name changing continued through next four years. In late 1948 it was known as Vihor (\"Vortex\") and already in 1949 as Polet (\"Elan\"). Finally, in June 1950, the club changed name to Lokomotiva (\"Locomotive\") and that name is going to stick for next 25 years. Lokomotiva competed in Yugoslav top division since 1951, with only two years (1952 and 1960) spent in second division. Lokomotiva's first major trophy came in 1969, when they won the Yugoslav Cup, led by legendary Hall of Famer Mirko Novosel. Final game against A\u0160K Olimpija was played in Lokomotiva's new basketball hall \"Kutija \u0161ibica\" (literally meaning \"Matchbox\").", "This trophy marked the beginning of Cibona's golden era, influenced by two great basketball players and Hall of Famers \u2013 Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 and Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107. Between 1980 and 1988, Cibona won 14 major trophies: 3 Yugoslav League championships (1982, 1984, 1985), 7 Yugoslav Cups (1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988), 2 FIBA European Champions Cups (1985, 1986), and 2 Cup Winners' Cups (1982, 1987). At the beginning of the war in the Former Yugoslavia in 1991, the team was forced to emigrate in order to play their games, and in an area with the minimum guarantees required by FIBA. For this reason, the club played in Spain for two years (seasons 1991\u201392 and 1992\u201393), specifically in Puerto Real (C\u00e1diz). In independent Croatia Cibona became dominant force strongly backed both politically and economically. The crisis of traditionally powerful Dalmatian clubs Split, Zadar and \u0160ibenik also came in hand and Cibona won 11 national titles in a row (from 1992 to 2002). They were also regular Euroleague participant, reaching quarterfinals in 1996/97 and 1999/00. Cibona's dominance in national championship was broken in 2003 when Split CO led by coach Petar Skansi, legendary Dino Ra\u0111a and revived talent Josip Sesar won the championship. Cibona regained the title next season, but was beaten in finals by Zadar season after. In 2005/06 and 2006/07 Cibona won championships beating Zadar in final series twice but then shockingly missed the final series in 2007/08 after Split eliminated them in semifinal series. In 2001 regional basketball league called Adriatic League was formed and Cibona took part in it.", "1981\u201382 Yugoslav First Basketball League The 1981\u201382 Yugoslav First Basketball League season was the 38th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia. The season ended with Cibona winning the league championship by beating Partizan 2 games to none in the playoffs final best-of-three series. The season was another milestone for club basketball in Yugoslavia as the sport began to be played with playoffs at the end of the regular league season, meaning that postseason would determine the league champion rather than regular season as was the case prior to the 1981-82 campaign. KK Partizan finished the regular season on top with an 18-4 record just ahead of Cibona's 17-5; additionally, Partizan won both regular season games against Cibona. The same two teams made the playoff finals, having the home court advantage at every stage of the playoffs. Heading into the final series, Partizan had the home court advantage, but lost it after game 1 at Belgrade's Hala sportova in front of a packed crowd of 4,000 \u2014 a hard-fought contest that visiting Cibona won 108-112 after triple overtime. Game 2 was played in Zagreb on Cibona's home court and Cibona won it assuredly to claim its first-ever Yugoslav title. The 1981-82 season featured the unusual sight of thirty-two-year-old Red Star Belgrade legendary point guard Moka Slavni\u0107 suiting up for their bitter crosstown rivals Partizan. Ever since leaving Red Star in acrimony four years earlier, mercurial Slavni\u0107 had been on such bad terms with the club's management that when he decided to return to his hometown in the twilight of his playing career he controversially joined heated rivals Partizan instead of the club he made his name with and achieved legendary status in.", "After disappointing first and second season, Cibona hosted Final Four and reached final game in 2003/04 but was defeated on home court by FMP Reflex. Recent seasons have been a mixture of success and failure for Cibona. In national championship Cibona won four out of five recent league titles but this dominance is seriously put on test by rise of large company backed Cedevita. In European competitions Cibona lost its Euroleague license for the 2011/12 season after competing in Euroleague since its formation. During 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons Cibona competed in Eurocup but failed to win any game. In regional ABA League Cibona had a great 2009/10 season. Cibona entered Final four held in Arena Zagreb as a top seeded team. After beating Union Olimpija in semifinals, Cibona faced Partizan in final game. Partizan won the title thanks to an off-the-glass three-pointer by Du\u0161an Kecman from half-court at the buzzer, bringing the celebration of Cibona players and staff (who already invaded the floor as Bojan Bogdanovi\u0107 scored a corner three-pointer for Cibona with just 0.6 seconds left on the clock) to an abrupt end. The final score was 75\u201374 and Cibona once again didn't manage to win a title at the home court. The next three seasons in regional league were disappointing for Cibona, finishing 12th, 7th and 11th. In the 2013\u201314 season, under head coach Slaven Rimac, Cibona won the ABA League championship, despite huge financial problems the club was facing. As a champion of the league, Cibona had direct spot in the Euroleague, but withdrew from it in order to stabilize financially."], "answer": {"text": "Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 66}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3a1cdf74456f4deb8e0574eed2f0dc8a_1_q#1", "question": "What position did Petrovic play?", "rewrite": "What position did Petrovic play?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alex Petrovic Alexander Petrovic (born March 3, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for the Providence Bruins in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). Petrovic was selected by the Florida Panthers in the second round, 36th overall, of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft from the Red Deer Rebels in the Western Hockey League (WHL). As a youth, Petrovic played in the 2004 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the North East Eagles minor ice hockey team from Edmonton. Petrovic was drafted by the Red Deer Rebels in the second round of the 2007 Western Hockey League (WHL) Bantam Draft. Prior to being drafted, he had been playing midget hockey in Edmonton. He played his first full WHL season in 2008\u20132009, recording 13 points in 66 games. Leading up to the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, Petrovic was ranked 29th among North American skaters by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, and the Florida Panthers ultimately drafted Petrovic in the second round, 36th overall. Petrovic played his entire junior career with the Rebels, turning pro for good after the 2011\u20132012 WHL season. On April 18, 2011, Florida signed Petrovic to a three-year, entry-level professional contract. He made his professional debut in the American Hockey League (AHL) playoffs with the San Antonio Rampage after the 2011\u201312 season. Petrovic began the 2012\u201313 season with the Rampage in the AHL, but was called up to the Panthers in April 2013. On April 18, he made his NHL debut against the New York Rangers, playing in six games at the NHL level near the end of the season. He did not score any points, however, though he did record 25 penalty minutes.", "Lane counts on I-275 were increased from four to mostly six lanes (with some eight-lane segments). The Ulmerton Rd. and 9th St. N interchanges were originally narrow 1959 configurations that caused much congestion in the area. Additionally, the 9th/MLK St. N exit and Ulmerton Rd. entrance ramps were situated in the left lane of I-275, causing dangerous weaving patterns. These interchanges were reconstructed into right-lane configurations, and two new ramps were added from Ulmerton Rd. (one leading to 9th St. N and one exiting onto southbound I-275). The southbound I-275 exits to Ulmerton and MLK St. N were combined into one exit ramp to provide better flow. The MLK St. N interchange was shut down for several months as a result of the reconstruction. Finally, the ramps to and from 118th Ave. N were opened to traffic. The entire reconstruction project along I-275 in the Gateway area was completed in 2005. In 2003 operational improvements began for the notorious \"Malfunction Junction\" in downtown Tampa. The project consisted of widening mainline I-275 and I-4, along with an array of ramp and bridge improvements, lighting and drainage work, and new signs. The entire project was completed on December 22, 2006, with ITS components installed by March 2007. The renovation of the I-4 corridor through Ybor City was finished around summer 2007, almost one year ahead of schedule. The staged reconstruction project for I-275 between the Howard Frankland Bridge and downtown Tampa was supposed to begin in the summer of 2006.", "Dragutin does a stealth-method conversation with his right-hand Milosz Petrovic (Duken) in Maryland that everything is going as \"planned\". At the Air Force Base in Washington, a maintenance man inserts radioactive tanks onto the landing gear compartment. Romero boards the aircraft minutes from departure. In a small town in Serbia, Markey and other men are breaching Petrovic's residency. However, once they search for him, Markey realizes the men are allies of Petrovic, but are silently taken out. Dragutin does a \"mental\" connection with his hideout base in Serbia, where an Englishman is forced to digitally hijack large aircraft. Up in the air, Air Force One is under outside control and is dropped to 3000 feet. Passengers onboard the aircraft put on their oxygen masks, but the radioactive tanks puts them to sleep. However, Romero stays awake after she lost grip of her phone. With Market and Featherstone in front of the airstrip. The aircraft arrives, and a group of cars arrive at the scene and quickly kidnaps the President, but also Romeroh as she tries to sneak away. With them out of the aircraft, Petrovic sends it back up in the air to destroy it at open waters, witnessed by units of Fast Eagle One. The President regains consciousness at the hideout, and Petrovic orders a man to execute Romero, but she manages to distract him and escape death. She notifies the President is held captive and storms into her cell. Markey and Featherstone sneak into the hideout and find the two. Harriet realizes Petrovic captured her in order to exchange her for Dragutin. The four attempt to the flee the base, but only Markey manages to do so.", "Petrovic's national team debut came at the age of 15, at the Under-18 Balkan Championship in Turkey, where the Yugoslavian junior team won the bronze. The young man regularly played for the Yugoslavian national team in the Balkan Championships, also winning gold with the junior team and silver with the senior team. He also brought back the silver from the 1982 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship in Bulgaria. The 1984 Summer Olympics were Petrovic's first competition of a grand scale with the Yugoslav senior national team, and the bronze medal won in Los Angeles that summer became his first Olympic medal. Third place was also earned at the 1986 FIBA World Championship, remembered for the last minute thriller in the semi-final game against the Soviet Union. At the 1987 EuroBasket, Petrovic again returned with bronze, as Yugoslavia lost to the hosts and gold medalists Greece. The University Games, held in Zagreb in 1987, saw the Yugoslavian squad with Petrovic win the gold. In the 1988 Summer Olympics, Yugoslavia with Petrovic, earned 2nd place, as they lost once more to the Soviet powerhouse. An excellent club season with Real Madrid was topped by Petrovic's 1989 accomplishment with the Yugoslav national team: at the EuroBasket in Zagreb, the young Yugoslavian team went all the way, defeating Greece more than comfortably in the championship game. Petrovic was the tournament's second leading scorer and most valuable player. The very next year, the summer in between the two most frustrating seasons of his professional career, as he struggled for playing time with the Trail Blazers, Petrovic was again making history with the national team, as Yugoslavia became world champions, after beating the Soviet Union for the gold in Buenos Aires, at the 1990 FIBA World Championship.", "TextRecruit  TextRecruit is a San Jose-based recruitment and human resources software company co-founded by Erik Kostelnik (CareerBuilder, Identified) and Jed Danner in 2014. TextApply uses recruiting short codes and keywords to attract potential employees to organizations. JobChat is a live chat agents which sits on career sites and job postings to decrease application drop off. Its core mobile recruiting platform helps recruiters communicate with candidates via two-way text messaging to announce job openings, screen job applicants, and schedule job interviews. These cloud-based platforms are accessible via the web or the IOS/Google Play mobile applications and are built to centralize team texting and ensure legal compliance. TextHR is a module used by HR teams to communicate with employees via text messaging for employee onboarding, open enrollment, payroll, emergency preparedness, and more. Ari is an AI-powered chatbot that assists recruiters in announcing job openings, screening candidates, scheduling interviews, onboarding new employees and answering frequently asked HR questions. TextRecruit was purchased by iCIMS, Inc. in January 2018 for an undisclosed amount. In 2015, TextRecruit won \"Best Mobile Employee Engagement Platform\" at the Mobile Recruitment Awards. In 2016, TextRecruit won Human Capital Software of the Year, B2B Startup of the Year and Tech Startup of the Year at the Stevie Awards hosted by the American Business Association. TextRecruit also won Startup of the Year at the International Best in Biz Awards."], "answer": {"text": "the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 151}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cibona?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a1cdf74456f4deb8e0574eed2f0dc8a_1_q#2", "question": "Did the team do well?", "rewrite": "Did Cibona do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After disappointing first and second season, Cibona hosted Final Four and reached final game in 2003/04 but was defeated on home court by FMP Reflex. Recent seasons have been a mixture of success and failure for Cibona. In national championship Cibona won four out of five recent league titles but this dominance is seriously put on test by rise of large company backed Cedevita. In European competitions Cibona lost its Euroleague license for the 2011/12 season after competing in Euroleague since its formation. During 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons Cibona competed in Eurocup but failed to win any game. In regional ABA League Cibona had a great 2009/10 season. Cibona entered Final four held in Arena Zagreb as a top seeded team. After beating Union Olimpija in semifinals, Cibona faced Partizan in final game. Partizan won the title thanks to an off-the-glass three-pointer by Du\u0161an Kecman from half-court at the buzzer, bringing the celebration of Cibona players and staff (who already invaded the floor as Bojan Bogdanovi\u0107 scored a corner three-pointer for Cibona with just 0.6 seconds left on the clock) to an abrupt end. The final score was 75\u201374 and Cibona once again didn't manage to win a title at the home court. The next three seasons in regional league were disappointing for Cibona, finishing 12th, 7th and 11th. In the 2013\u201314 season, under head coach Slaven Rimac, Cibona won the ABA League championship, despite huge financial problems the club was facing. As a champion of the league, Cibona had direct spot in the Euroleague, but withdrew from it in order to stabilize financially.", "Roko Prka\u010din  Roko Prka\u010din (born November 26, 2002) is a Croatian professional basketball player currently playing for Cibona of the Croatian League. Standing at 2.06 m, he plays at the Power forward position. Prka\u010din grew up in the youth system of Cibona. At a very early age he started to stand out among his teammates. With the U-16 Cibona team, in 2017 he won U-16 Europe Youth Basketball League Tournament. He was the tournament's top scorer ad was named the MVP. He also played the 2017\u201318 Junior ABA League and 2018\u201319 Junior ABA League even though he was in average two to three years younger than his teammates. In August 2018, Cibona decided to loan Prka\u010din to KK Rude\u0161 of the second-tier Croatian First League. After playing very well in Rude\u0161 he was called-up for the Cibona senior team in January 2019. On January 12, 2019, Prka\u010din made his professional and Adriatic League debut for Cibona in a 89\u201368 loss to Cedevita, making 6 points and 6 rebounds. Through 5 Adriatic League games in the 2018\u201319 season, Prka\u010din averaged 2.2 points, 2.0 rebounds, and 0.4 assists per game. Prka\u010din was a member of the Croatia under-17 team that took 7th place at the 2018 FIBA Under-17 Basketball World Cup. In this tournament he averaged 12.3 points, 10.9 rebounds and 1.9 blocks per game. In the same Summer of 2018, Prka\u010din played with the Croatia under-16 team that won the gold medal at the 2018 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship held in Novi Sad. Over seven tournament games", "Cibona's best player Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 didn't appear in game two somewhat controversially with the official reason provided by the club that he got injured during warm-up right before the game. There has been rife speculation after the game as well as in the years and decades since in the Yugoslav press and public, that, having been so convinced of their superiority over Zadar, Cibona essentially threw game two because they wanted to celebrate the Yugoslav league title in front of their fans at home in game three. With the best-of-three series tied at one apiece, the deciding game 3 was played on Cibona's home court, Dom Sportova, on Saturday, 26 April 1986. Supported by over 10,000 fans, despite plenty of nervy play from the home team (Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107 getting a technical for accosting the referee and Franjo Arapovi\u0107 getting thrown out of the game for striking Darko Pahli\u0107), Cibona had the early lead behind Cvjeti\u0107anin's scoring (got 22 of Cibona's 42 first half points) while Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, who returned to the squad after controversially sitting out game two, also scored actively. Still, Zadar kept chasing with most of its first half points coming from their twenty-six-year-old captain Veljko Petranovi\u0107 and twenty-two-year-old center Stojko Vrankovi\u0107. The team's leading scorer, shooting guard Petar Popovi\u0107, on the other hand, was completely out of the shooting rhythm \u2014 missing his first three shots, getting benched seven minutes into the game by head coach Vlade \u0110urovi\u0107, and ending up scoreless at halftime. Cibona was up 42-37 at halftime.", "Filip Kru\u0161lin Filip Kru\u0161lin (born March 18, 1989) is a Croatian professional basketball player for Cedevita Olimpija of the Slovenian League, ABA League and the EuroCup. Kru\u0161lin was also playing for the Croatia's Under-20 national team and has participated at the Junior European Championships in Greece 2006 and Madrid 2007. Filip Kru\u0161lin started his professional career in 2007-08 season, touted as a hot prospect for Cibona's future. He was recognised as a young talent while he played for younger selections in KK Zrinjevac and KK Rude\u0161. His debut for Cibona came against \u0160iroki in Adriatic League season 2007-08. He played a total of 8 minutes and managed to gather up 4 points by getting a three pointer and one free throw scored. After that he played nine more games for Cibona in Adriatic League. His season highlight was 7 points and 1 rebound in 10 minutes spent on court against KK Crvena zvezda. At the start of 2008-09 season Kru\u0161lin was offered a loan move to aid his development since Cibona has already signed five more guards this season, he would hardly get a chance to play. He then moved on loan to another club from Zagreb, KK Dubrava. After that he left Cibona, and after losing the fall of 2009 to injury, signed for KK Dubrovnik. He spent seasons at KK Bosna and KK Zabok before moving, in 2012 to KK Split. On April 3, 2014, Kru\u0161lin signed a contract with Cibona. On July 26, 2016, Kru\u0161lin signed a three-year deal with Cedevita.", "This trophy marked the beginning of Cibona's golden era, influenced by two great basketball players and Hall of Famers \u2013 Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 and Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107. Between 1980 and 1988, Cibona won 14 major trophies: 3 Yugoslav League championships (1982, 1984, 1985), 7 Yugoslav Cups (1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988), 2 FIBA European Champions Cups (1985, 1986), and 2 Cup Winners' Cups (1982, 1987). At the beginning of the war in the Former Yugoslavia in 1991, the team was forced to emigrate in order to play their games, and in an area with the minimum guarantees required by FIBA. For this reason, the club played in Spain for two years (seasons 1991\u201392 and 1992\u201393), specifically in Puerto Real (C\u00e1diz). In independent Croatia Cibona became dominant force strongly backed both politically and economically. The crisis of traditionally powerful Dalmatian clubs Split, Zadar and \u0160ibenik also came in hand and Cibona won 11 national titles in a row (from 1992 to 2002). They were also regular Euroleague participant, reaching quarterfinals in 1996/97 and 1999/00. Cibona's dominance in national championship was broken in 2003 when Split CO led by coach Petar Skansi, legendary Dino Ra\u0111a and revived talent Josip Sesar won the championship. Cibona regained the title next season, but was beaten in finals by Zadar season after. In 2005/06 and 2006/07 Cibona won championships beating Zadar in final series twice but then shockingly missed the final series in 2007/08 after Split eliminated them in semifinal series. In 2001 regional basketball league called Adriatic League was formed and Cibona took part in it."], "answer": {"text": "The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup.", "answer_start": 185}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cibona?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did Petrovic play?", "answer": {"text": "the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a1cdf74456f4deb8e0574eed2f0dc8a_1_q#3", "question": "How many points per game did he score that year?", "rewrite": "How many points per game did Petrovic score his first year at Cibona?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["EuroCup Basketball Individual Statistics EuroCup Basketball individual statistics are the individual stats leaders of the European-wide 2nd-tier level league, the EuroCup. The EuroCup is the European-wide league that is one tier level below the top-tier level EuroLeague. Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating:", "After spending a year serving the mandatory time in the military, Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe. The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup. To top it all off, the 87-78 victory over the Spanish League club Real Madrid, to which Petrovic contributed with 36 points, brought him and Cibona their first European Cup title. The second came the following year, as Petrovic scored 22 points and Cibona defeated the USSR Premier League club Zalgiris Kaunas, which starred the legendary Arvydas Sabonis. The same year brought another Yugoslav national cup title for Cibona, seeing Petrovic score 46 against the old rival Bosna. In 1987, Petrovic earned his third European trophy: a 2nd-tier European Cup Winners' Cup title against the Italian League club Scavolini Pesaro, whose net he filled with 28 points. Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions that he played in, with personal one-time bests of 112 (40/60 FG, 10/20 3Pts, 22/22 FT) in the Yugoslavian League, and 62 points in the 3rd-tier European league, the Korac Cup, respectively.", "His scoring sheet was often known to show 40, 50, even 60 in a single game; in a 1985-86 season European League game against Limoges, Petrovic scored ten 3-pointers, including seven in a row during a first half stretch, for a final tally of 51 points and 10 assists; the same season he scored 45 points and dished out 25 assists against the reigning Italian League champions Simac Milano. Petrovic needed new challenges, which Cibona and the Yugoslavian League could not offer. Across the Atlantic, the Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA had already used their third round pick on young Petrovic in 1986. However, he decided to postpone his departure to the United States. In 1988, he signed with Real Madrid instead, for at that time a hefty sum of around US$4 million. The transfer wasn't without controversy as the Yugoslav sporting laws stipulated that players weren't allowed to professionally move abroad until reaching 28 years of age, while Petrovic was still only 23 when he signed with the famous Madrid club. In 2014, Jose Antonio Arizaga, the sports agent who played a key role in Petrovic's summer 1988 transfer from Cibona to Real, recalled a few details from this transaction: \"I spoke to Mirko Novosel, Drazen's coach at Cibona, and he told me two things. One, every problem in Yugoslavia can be taken care of with the right amount of money, and two, if Drazen leaves, every other player under 28 will be leaving and it'll be chaos. So, you can imagine all the individuals I had to bribe and all the places where I had to pay up in order to circumvent this law\".", "Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Since the beginning of the 1991\u201392 season:   Since the beginning of the 1991\u201392 season:   Since the beginning of the 1991\u201392 season:   Since the beginning of the 1991\u201392 season:   Since the beginning of the 2000\u201301 season:   Regular season stats leaders are not counted as official league stats leaders.<br > Since the beginning of the 2000\u201301 season: Regular season stats leaders are not counted as official league stats leaders.<br > Since the beginning of the 2001\u201302 season:   Since the beginning of the 2000\u201301 season:   <br>", "EuroLeague individual statistics This page details EuroLeague individual statistical leaders since the 1991\u201392 basketball season. \" Regular Season\" stats leaders are not counted as the official league stats leaders in the EuroLeague. Only \"Full Season\" stats leaders are counted as the official league leaders of the EuroLeague. To qualify to be among the EuroLeague stats leaders, a player must play in at least 51% of the possible games that can be played. Therefore, playing solely in the \"Regular Season\" phase of the EuroLeague, does not qualify a player to be among the league's leaders. Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating: Points per game:   Assists per game:   Rebounds per game:   Steals per game:   Blocks per game:   Average Index Rating:"], "answer": {"text": "Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions", "answer_start": 952}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cibona?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did Petrovic play?", "answer": {"text": "the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the team do well?", "answer": {"text": "The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a1cdf74456f4deb8e0574eed2f0dc8a_1_q#4", "question": "Which season was his personal best?", "rewrite": "Which season was Petrovic's personal best?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Petrovic's national team debut came at the age of 15, at the Under-18 Balkan Championship in Turkey, where the Yugoslavian junior team won the bronze. The young man regularly played for the Yugoslavian national team in the Balkan Championships, also winning gold with the junior team and silver with the senior team. He also brought back the silver from the 1982 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship in Bulgaria. The 1984 Summer Olympics were Petrovic's first competition of a grand scale with the Yugoslav senior national team, and the bronze medal won in Los Angeles that summer became his first Olympic medal. Third place was also earned at the 1986 FIBA World Championship, remembered for the last minute thriller in the semi-final game against the Soviet Union. At the 1987 EuroBasket, Petrovic again returned with bronze, as Yugoslavia lost to the hosts and gold medalists Greece. The University Games, held in Zagreb in 1987, saw the Yugoslavian squad with Petrovic win the gold. In the 1988 Summer Olympics, Yugoslavia with Petrovic, earned 2nd place, as they lost once more to the Soviet powerhouse. An excellent club season with Real Madrid was topped by Petrovic's 1989 accomplishment with the Yugoslav national team: at the EuroBasket in Zagreb, the young Yugoslavian team went all the way, defeating Greece more than comfortably in the championship game. Petrovic was the tournament's second leading scorer and most valuable player. The very next year, the summer in between the two most frustrating seasons of his professional career, as he struggled for playing time with the Trail Blazers, Petrovic was again making history with the national team, as Yugoslavia became world champions, after beating the Soviet Union for the gold in Buenos Aires, at the 1990 FIBA World Championship.", "Alex Petrovic Alexander Petrovic (born March 3, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for the Providence Bruins in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). Petrovic was selected by the Florida Panthers in the second round, 36th overall, of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft from the Red Deer Rebels in the Western Hockey League (WHL). As a youth, Petrovic played in the 2004 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the North East Eagles minor ice hockey team from Edmonton. Petrovic was drafted by the Red Deer Rebels in the second round of the 2007 Western Hockey League (WHL) Bantam Draft. Prior to being drafted, he had been playing midget hockey in Edmonton. He played his first full WHL season in 2008\u20132009, recording 13 points in 66 games. Leading up to the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, Petrovic was ranked 29th among North American skaters by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, and the Florida Panthers ultimately drafted Petrovic in the second round, 36th overall. Petrovic played his entire junior career with the Rebels, turning pro for good after the 2011\u20132012 WHL season. On April 18, 2011, Florida signed Petrovic to a three-year, entry-level professional contract. He made his professional debut in the American Hockey League (AHL) playoffs with the San Antonio Rampage after the 2011\u201312 season. Petrovic began the 2012\u201313 season with the Rampage in the AHL, but was called up to the Panthers in April 2013. On April 18, he made his NHL debut against the New York Rangers, playing in six games at the NHL level near the end of the season. He did not score any points, however, though he did record 25 penalty minutes.", "Petrovic attended training camp with the Panthers prior to the 2013\u201314 season, and was expected to stick with the club for the entire season, but he was one of the earliest cuts and returned to San Antonio of the AHL. On January 26, 2016, Petrovic scored his first NHL goal against the Toronto Maple Leafs. Two weeks later on February 9 in a 7\u20134 Panthers win over the Buffalo Sabres at First Niagara Center, he picked up a goal and an assist but fought Evander Kane three times. The three fights by the same two adversaries in a single NHL match was the first such occurrence since Jody Shelley and Bob Probert did it on January 10, 2002. During his seventh season with the Panthers in 2018\u201319, having slowed his production and effectiveness on the third-pairing with Florida producing just 1 assist in 26 games, Petrovic was traded to the Edmonton Oilers in exchange for Chris Wideman and a conditional third-round pick in 2019 on December 30, 2018. In the 2019 offseason, as a unrestricted free agent, Petrovic signed a professional tryout contract with the Boston Bruins. After a successful camp with the Bruins, on September 26, 2019, Petrovic was signed to a one-year, two-way contract by the Bruins and assigned to AHL affiliate, the Providence Bruins. As a child, Petrovic's favourite player was Mike Modano and his favourite team was the Dallas Stars. He models his game after defenceman Chris Pronger. He is of Serbian descent.", "After spending a year serving the mandatory time in the military, Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe. The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup. To top it all off, the 87-78 victory over the Spanish League club Real Madrid, to which Petrovic contributed with 36 points, brought him and Cibona their first European Cup title. The second came the following year, as Petrovic scored 22 points and Cibona defeated the USSR Premier League club Zalgiris Kaunas, which starred the legendary Arvydas Sabonis. The same year brought another Yugoslav national cup title for Cibona, seeing Petrovic score 46 against the old rival Bosna. In 1987, Petrovic earned his third European trophy: a 2nd-tier European Cup Winners' Cup title against the Italian League club Scavolini Pesaro, whose net he filled with 28 points. Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions that he played in, with personal one-time bests of 112 (40/60 FG, 10/20 3Pts, 22/22 FT) in the Yugoslavian League, and 62 points in the 3rd-tier European league, the Korac Cup, respectively.", "TextRecruit  TextRecruit is a San Jose-based recruitment and human resources software company co-founded by Erik Kostelnik (CareerBuilder, Identified) and Jed Danner in 2014. TextApply uses recruiting short codes and keywords to attract potential employees to organizations. JobChat is a live chat agents which sits on career sites and job postings to decrease application drop off. Its core mobile recruiting platform helps recruiters communicate with candidates via two-way text messaging to announce job openings, screen job applicants, and schedule job interviews. These cloud-based platforms are accessible via the web or the IOS/Google Play mobile applications and are built to centralize team texting and ensure legal compliance. TextHR is a module used by HR teams to communicate with employees via text messaging for employee onboarding, open enrollment, payroll, emergency preparedness, and more. Ari is an AI-powered chatbot that assists recruiters in announcing job openings, screening candidates, scheduling interviews, onboarding new employees and answering frequently asked HR questions. TextRecruit was purchased by iCIMS, Inc. in January 2018 for an undisclosed amount. In 2015, TextRecruit won \"Best Mobile Employee Engagement Platform\" at the Mobile Recruitment Awards. In 2016, TextRecruit won Human Capital Software of the Year, B2B Startup of the Year and Tech Startup of the Year at the Stevie Awards hosted by the American Business Association. TextRecruit also won Startup of the Year at the International Best in Biz Awards."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cibona?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did Petrovic play?", "answer": {"text": "the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the team do well?", "answer": {"text": "The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points per game did he score that year?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions", "answer_start": 952, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a1cdf74456f4deb8e0574eed2f0dc8a_1_q#5", "question": "Did they win any more championships?", "rewrite": "Did Cibona win any other championships besides Yugoslav League championship?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Zoran \u010cutura Zoran \u010cutura (born 12 March 1962 in Zagreb) is a former Croatian basketball player. After ending his professional basketball career he started working as a sports journalist and columnist. \u010cutura started playing basketball in his hometown Zagreb. His first club was the second division club Industromonta\u017ea where he spent three years. In 1981 he joined the Zagreb powerhouse Cibona where Mirko Novosel was starting to build the future European champion team with players like the veteran Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107, Aleksandar Petrovi\u0107, Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107, Andro Knego, Ivo Naki\u0107 and Branko Vuki\u010devi\u0107. This team won two back-to-back European Champions Cups in 1985 and 1986. In his first season in Cibona (1981\u201382), \u010cutura won a triple crown: the Yugoslav Cup by defeating Bosna in the final, the Yugoslav League by winning in the first play-off organized by the Basketball Federation of Yugoslavia and the European Cup Winners' Cup by defeating Real Madrid in the final. He won another Yugoslav Cup in 1983 and another Yugoslav League trophy in 1984. The second triple crown came in 1985, this time including the European champion title. For their second European trophy Cibona defeated Real Madrid in the final again with \u010cutura scoring 16 points. \u010cutura won his second European champion title in 1986 participating with 16 points in the final victory against \u017dalgiris. \u010cutura won two more Yugoslav Cups in 1986 and 1988 as well as another European Cup Winners' Cup in 1987. In the final victory against Scavolini Pesaro he scored six points. His last trophy with Cibona was the Croatian League in 1992. In 1993, after 12 seasons spent in Cibona, \u010cutura moved to Split where he spent two seasons before retiring.", "This trophy marked the beginning of Cibona's golden era, influenced by two great basketball players and Hall of Famers \u2013 Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 and Dra\u017een Petrovi\u0107. Between 1980 and 1988, Cibona won 14 major trophies: 3 Yugoslav League championships (1982, 1984, 1985), 7 Yugoslav Cups (1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988), 2 FIBA European Champions Cups (1985, 1986), and 2 Cup Winners' Cups (1982, 1987). At the beginning of the war in the Former Yugoslavia in 1991, the team was forced to emigrate in order to play their games, and in an area with the minimum guarantees required by FIBA. For this reason, the club played in Spain for two years (seasons 1991\u201392 and 1992\u201393), specifically in Puerto Real (C\u00e1diz). In independent Croatia Cibona became dominant force strongly backed both politically and economically. The crisis of traditionally powerful Dalmatian clubs Split, Zadar and \u0160ibenik also came in hand and Cibona won 11 national titles in a row (from 1992 to 2002). They were also regular Euroleague participant, reaching quarterfinals in 1996/97 and 1999/00. Cibona's dominance in national championship was broken in 2003 when Split CO led by coach Petar Skansi, legendary Dino Ra\u0111a and revived talent Josip Sesar won the championship. Cibona regained the title next season, but was beaten in finals by Zadar season after. In 2005/06 and 2006/07 Cibona won championships beating Zadar in final series twice but then shockingly missed the final series in 2007/08 after Split eliminated them in semifinal series. In 2001 regional basketball league called Adriatic League was formed and Cibona took part in it.", "1980\u201381 Yugoslav First Basketball League The 1980\u201381 Yugoslav First Basketball League season was the 37th season of the Yugoslav First Basketball League, the highest professional basketball league in SFR Yugoslavia. The season ended with Partizan winning the league championship; despite finishing the season with an identical 19-3 record as Cibona, Partizan was better in their seasonal head-to-head, winning both of their contests during the season. The season was decided in two Partizan-Cibona games. First one was played in Zagreb during the first part of the season. The visiting team jumped out to an early 20+ point lead carried by Dragan Ki\u0107anovi\u0107, Mi\u0161ko Mari\u0107, and Boban Petrovi\u0107. However, in the second half, led by its center line \u2014 consisting of 32-year-old veteran Kre\u0161imir \u0106osi\u0107 who returned to Yugoslav League after two years in Italy and promising young prospect Andro Knego \u2014 Cibona annulled Partizan's first half lead. Still, Partizan held their nerve at the end, winning the game 94-95. Ki\u0107anovi\u0107 led all scorers with 32 points while his teammates Mari\u0107 and Petrovi\u0107 contributed with 25 and 22 points, respectively. On the other side, Cibona's veteran center \u0106osi\u0107 scored 28 points while Knego added 26. The second Partizan-Cibona game of the season was played during spring 1981 in Belgrade. It turned out to be almost a carbon copy of the first one. Cheered on by a large and boisterous home crowd, Partizan jumped out to an early lead of over 20 points again before Cibona again came back in the second half. Partizan again proved calmer in a tense finish with Boban Petrovi\u0107 making a clutch bank jump shot that won the game for the Belgrade club 91-87.", "After spending a year serving the mandatory time in the military, Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe. The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup. To top it all off, the 87-78 victory over the Spanish League club Real Madrid, to which Petrovic contributed with 36 points, brought him and Cibona their first European Cup title. The second came the following year, as Petrovic scored 22 points and Cibona defeated the USSR Premier League club Zalgiris Kaunas, which starred the legendary Arvydas Sabonis. The same year brought another Yugoslav national cup title for Cibona, seeing Petrovic score 46 against the old rival Bosna. In 1987, Petrovic earned his third European trophy: a 2nd-tier European Cup Winners' Cup title against the Italian League club Scavolini Pesaro, whose net he filled with 28 points. Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions that he played in, with personal one-time bests of 112 (40/60 FG, 10/20 3Pts, 22/22 FT) in the Yugoslavian League, and 62 points in the 3rd-tier European league, the Korac Cup, respectively.", "After disappointing first and second season, Cibona hosted Final Four and reached final game in 2003/04 but was defeated on home court by FMP Reflex. Recent seasons have been a mixture of success and failure for Cibona. In national championship Cibona won four out of five recent league titles but this dominance is seriously put on test by rise of large company backed Cedevita. In European competitions Cibona lost its Euroleague license for the 2011/12 season after competing in Euroleague since its formation. During 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons Cibona competed in Eurocup but failed to win any game. In regional ABA League Cibona had a great 2009/10 season. Cibona entered Final four held in Arena Zagreb as a top seeded team. After beating Union Olimpija in semifinals, Cibona faced Partizan in final game. Partizan won the title thanks to an off-the-glass three-pointer by Du\u0161an Kecman from half-court at the buzzer, bringing the celebration of Cibona players and staff (who already invaded the floor as Bojan Bogdanovi\u0107 scored a corner three-pointer for Cibona with just 0.6 seconds left on the clock) to an abrupt end. The final score was 75\u201374 and Cibona once again didn't manage to win a title at the home court. The next three seasons in regional league were disappointing for Cibona, finishing 12th, 7th and 11th. In the 2013\u201314 season, under head coach Slaven Rimac, Cibona won the ABA League championship, despite huge financial problems the club was facing. As a champion of the league, Cibona had direct spot in the Euroleague, but withdrew from it in order to stabilize financially."], "answer": {"text": "The same year brought another Yugoslav national cup title for Cibona,", "answer_start": 647}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cibona?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did Petrovic play?", "answer": {"text": "the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the team do well?", "answer": {"text": "The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points per game did he score that year?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions", "answer_start": 952, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which season was his personal best?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3a1cdf74456f4deb8e0574eed2f0dc8a_1_q#6", "question": "How many championships did he win with Cibona?", "rewrite": "How many championships did Petrovic win with Cibona?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Petrovic's national team debut came at the age of 15, at the Under-18 Balkan Championship in Turkey, where the Yugoslavian junior team won the bronze. The young man regularly played for the Yugoslavian national team in the Balkan Championships, also winning gold with the junior team and silver with the senior team. He also brought back the silver from the 1982 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship in Bulgaria. The 1984 Summer Olympics were Petrovic's first competition of a grand scale with the Yugoslav senior national team, and the bronze medal won in Los Angeles that summer became his first Olympic medal. Third place was also earned at the 1986 FIBA World Championship, remembered for the last minute thriller in the semi-final game against the Soviet Union. At the 1987 EuroBasket, Petrovic again returned with bronze, as Yugoslavia lost to the hosts and gold medalists Greece. The University Games, held in Zagreb in 1987, saw the Yugoslavian squad with Petrovic win the gold. In the 1988 Summer Olympics, Yugoslavia with Petrovic, earned 2nd place, as they lost once more to the Soviet powerhouse. An excellent club season with Real Madrid was topped by Petrovic's 1989 accomplishment with the Yugoslav national team: at the EuroBasket in Zagreb, the young Yugoslavian team went all the way, defeating Greece more than comfortably in the championship game. Petrovic was the tournament's second leading scorer and most valuable player. The very next year, the summer in between the two most frustrating seasons of his professional career, as he struggled for playing time with the Trail Blazers, Petrovic was again making history with the national team, as Yugoslavia became world champions, after beating the Soviet Union for the gold in Buenos Aires, at the 1990 FIBA World Championship.", "His scoring sheet was often known to show 40, 50, even 60 in a single game; in a 1985-86 season European League game against Limoges, Petrovic scored ten 3-pointers, including seven in a row during a first half stretch, for a final tally of 51 points and 10 assists; the same season he scored 45 points and dished out 25 assists against the reigning Italian League champions Simac Milano. Petrovic needed new challenges, which Cibona and the Yugoslavian League could not offer. Across the Atlantic, the Portland Trail Blazers of the NBA had already used their third round pick on young Petrovic in 1986. However, he decided to postpone his departure to the United States. In 1988, he signed with Real Madrid instead, for at that time a hefty sum of around US$4 million. The transfer wasn't without controversy as the Yugoslav sporting laws stipulated that players weren't allowed to professionally move abroad until reaching 28 years of age, while Petrovic was still only 23 when he signed with the famous Madrid club. In 2014, Jose Antonio Arizaga, the sports agent who played a key role in Petrovic's summer 1988 transfer from Cibona to Real, recalled a few details from this transaction: \"I spoke to Mirko Novosel, Drazen's coach at Cibona, and he told me two things. One, every problem in Yugoslavia can be taken care of with the right amount of money, and two, if Drazen leaves, every other player under 28 will be leaving and it'll be chaos. So, you can imagine all the individuals I had to bribe and all the places where I had to pay up in order to circumvent this law\".", "After spending a year serving the mandatory time in the military, Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe. The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup. To top it all off, the 87-78 victory over the Spanish League club Real Madrid, to which Petrovic contributed with 36 points, brought him and Cibona their first European Cup title. The second came the following year, as Petrovic scored 22 points and Cibona defeated the USSR Premier League club Zalgiris Kaunas, which starred the legendary Arvydas Sabonis. The same year brought another Yugoslav national cup title for Cibona, seeing Petrovic score 46 against the old rival Bosna. In 1987, Petrovic earned his third European trophy: a 2nd-tier European Cup Winners' Cup title against the Italian League club Scavolini Pesaro, whose net he filled with 28 points. Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions that he played in, with personal one-time bests of 112 (40/60 FG, 10/20 3Pts, 22/22 FT) in the Yugoslavian League, and 62 points in the 3rd-tier European league, the Korac Cup, respectively.", "Alex Petrovic Alexander Petrovic (born March 3, 1992) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for the Providence Bruins in the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL). Petrovic was selected by the Florida Panthers in the second round, 36th overall, of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft from the Red Deer Rebels in the Western Hockey League (WHL). As a youth, Petrovic played in the 2004 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the North East Eagles minor ice hockey team from Edmonton. Petrovic was drafted by the Red Deer Rebels in the second round of the 2007 Western Hockey League (WHL) Bantam Draft. Prior to being drafted, he had been playing midget hockey in Edmonton. He played his first full WHL season in 2008\u20132009, recording 13 points in 66 games. Leading up to the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, Petrovic was ranked 29th among North American skaters by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, and the Florida Panthers ultimately drafted Petrovic in the second round, 36th overall. Petrovic played his entire junior career with the Rebels, turning pro for good after the 2011\u20132012 WHL season. On April 18, 2011, Florida signed Petrovic to a three-year, entry-level professional contract. He made his professional debut in the American Hockey League (AHL) playoffs with the San Antonio Rampage after the 2011\u201312 season. Petrovic began the 2012\u201313 season with the Rampage in the AHL, but was called up to the Panthers in April 2013. On April 18, he made his NHL debut against the New York Rangers, playing in six games at the NHL level near the end of the season. He did not score any points, however, though he did record 25 penalty minutes.", "After disappointing first and second season, Cibona hosted Final Four and reached final game in 2003/04 but was defeated on home court by FMP Reflex. Recent seasons have been a mixture of success and failure for Cibona. In national championship Cibona won four out of five recent league titles but this dominance is seriously put on test by rise of large company backed Cedevita. In European competitions Cibona lost its Euroleague license for the 2011/12 season after competing in Euroleague since its formation. During 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons Cibona competed in Eurocup but failed to win any game. In regional ABA League Cibona had a great 2009/10 season. Cibona entered Final four held in Arena Zagreb as a top seeded team. After beating Union Olimpija in semifinals, Cibona faced Partizan in final game. Partizan won the title thanks to an off-the-glass three-pointer by Du\u0161an Kecman from half-court at the buzzer, bringing the celebration of Cibona players and staff (who already invaded the floor as Bojan Bogdanovi\u0107 scored a corner three-pointer for Cibona with just 0.6 seconds left on the clock) to an abrupt end. The final score was 75\u201374 and Cibona once again didn't manage to win a title at the home court. The next three seasons in regional league were disappointing for Cibona, finishing 12th, 7th and 11th. In the 2013\u201314 season, under head coach Slaven Rimac, Cibona won the ABA League championship, despite huge financial problems the club was facing. As a champion of the league, Cibona had direct spot in the Euroleague, but withdrew from it in order to stabilize financially."], "answer": {"text": "In 1987, Petrovic earned his third European trophy: a 2nd-tier European Cup Winners' Cup title", "answer_start": 771}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cibona?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic followed his brother's footsteps and moved to Cibona to form, at that time, the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 66, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did Petrovic play?", "answer": {"text": "the best backcourt duo in Europe.", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the team do well?", "answer": {"text": "The very first year in Cibona he won both the Yugoslav League championship and the Yugoslav National Cup.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many points per game did he score that year?", "answer": {"text": "Petrovic's scoring average during the four years with Cibona stood at 37.7 points in the Yugoslavian first division and 33.8 in all of the European wide competitions", "answer_start": 952, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which season was his personal best?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any more championships?", "answer": {"text": "The same year brought another Yugoslav national cup title for Cibona,", "answer_start": 647, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#0", "question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "rewrite": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and burial site of Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States (1969\u20131974), and his wife Pat Nixon. Located in Yorba Linda, California on land that President Nixon's family once owned, the library is one of 13 administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The campus is located at 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard in Yorba Linda and incorporates the Richard Nixon Birthplace, a National Historic Landmark where Nixon was born in 1913 and spent his childhood. From its dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, the library and museum was operated by the private Richard Nixon Foundation and was known as the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace. The facility underwent an extensive renovation in 2016 and now features tech-savvy museum exhibits; the complex is jointly operated by NARA and the Richard Nixon Foundation. Historically, all presidential papers were considered the personal property of the president. Some took them at the end of their terms while others destroyed them. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first to make them available to the public when he donated them to the National Archives in 1939, as the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, but did so voluntarily. The Watergate scandal and Richard Nixon's subsequent resignation from office complicated the issue, however. In September 1974, Richard Nixon made an agreement with the head of the General Services Administration, Arthur F. Sampson, to turn over most materials from his presidency, including tape recordings of conversations he had made in the White House; however, the recordings were to be destroyed after September 1, 1979, if directed by Nixon or by September 1, 1984, or his death otherwise.", "Presidency of Richard Nixon The presidency of Richard Nixon began at noon EST on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as 37th President of the United States, and ended on August 9, 1974, when he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the only U.S. president ever to do so. He was succeeded by Vice President Gerald Ford. A Republican, Nixon took office after the 1968 presidential election, in which he defeated incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Nixon's primary focus while in office was on foreign affairs. He focused on d\u00e9tente with the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, easing Cold War tensions with both countries. As part of this policy, Nixon signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and SALT I, two landmark arms control treaties with the Soviet Union. Nixon promulgated the Nixon Doctrine, which called for indirect assistance by the United States rather than direct U.S. commitments as seen in the ongoing Vietnam War. After extensive negotiations with North Vietnam, Nixon withdrew the last U.S. soldiers from South Vietnam in 1973, ending the military draft that same year. To prevent the possibility of further U.S. intervention in Vietnam, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution over Nixon's veto. In domestic affairs, Nixon advocated a policy of \"New Federalism,\" in which federal powers and responsibilities would be shifted to the states. However, he faced a Democratic Congress that did not share his goals and, in some cases, enacted legislation over his veto. Nixon's proposed reform of federal welfare programs did not pass Congress, but Congress did adopt one aspect of his proposal in the form of Supplemental Security Income, which provides aid to low-income individuals who are aged or disabled.", "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California. It was founded in August 1983 by Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years. Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration, which is an entity of the federal government of the United States, in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities. The Nixon Foundation founded, controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library's dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control. The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library, welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries. This move allowed President Nixon's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda. The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors, led by former Nixon White House domestic adviser James H. Cavanaugh. The board includes President Nixon's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower, his brother Edward Nixon, former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson, and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez, Jr. The Foundation's President and CEO is nationally-known radio host Hugh Hewitt, who splits his time between Orange County and Washington, D.C. and plans to open a Nixon Foundation office in Washington. The Foundation has hosted United States presidents, first ladies and several vice presidents. Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly, academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin, and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer. The library includes \"Meet the Presidents,\" in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children.", "Foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration The foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration was the foreign policy of the United States from January 20, 1969 to August 9, 1974, when Richard Nixon served as the President of the United States. Nixon held office during the Cold War, a sustained period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Nixon's foreign policy focused on d\u00e9tente with the Soviet Union and China, as he sought to move away from traditional ideological conflicts and the policy of containment. Nixon's 1972 visit to China ushered in a new era of U.S.-Chinese relations and effectively removed China as a Cold War foe. The Nixon administration signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union and organized a conference that would lead to the signing of the Helsinki Accords after Nixon left office. When Nixon took office, the United States had approximately 500,000 soldiers stationed in Southeast Asia as part of an effort to aid South Vietnam in the Vietnam War. Nixon implemented a policy of \"Vietnamization\", carrying out phased withdrawals of U.S. soldiers and shifting combat roles to Vietnamese troops. As peace negotiations continually bogged down, Nixon ordered major bombing campaigns in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. The U.S., South Vietnam, and North Vietnam agreed to the Paris Peace Accords in early 1973, and the U.S. subsequently withdrew its remaining soldiers in South Vietnam. The war resumed as North Vietnam and South Vietnam violated the truce, and in 1975 North Vietnam captured Saigon and completed the reunification of Vietnam. Richard Nixon and his top aide Henry Kissinger focused on the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam, the Middle East, Pakistan, and major arms limitation agreements. Unless a crisis erupted on other matters, they let the State Department handle it with secretary William P. Rogers in charge.", "John H. Taylor (bishop) John Harvey Taylor is the Bishop Los Angeles in the Diocese of Los Angeles of The Episcopal Church. He is a former post-Chief of Staff to former U.S. President Richard Nixon, and served as the Executive Director of the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation. Taylor had served as director of the privately owned and funded Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace prior to it joining the federal presidential libraries system, and becoming the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. Taylor was ordained as an Episcopal priest, and served as the Vicar of St. John's Episcopal Church and School, located in Rancho Santa Margarita, Orange County, California. Until being elected Bishop Coadjutor. In December 2016, he was elected to serve as Bishop Coadjutor of the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. In 2017 he succeeded J. Jon Bruno as bishop upon his retirement. Born in Detroit, Michigan, Taylor held a position as a newspaper reporter. He later moved to California and worked for former President Richard Nixon in 1979. He became the former president's post-Chief of Staff in 1984, and served in that role until 1990. Taylor married Kathy O'Connor in 2002. O'Conner had served as Nixon's post-Chief of Staff from 1990 until the former president's death in 1994. Taylor was appointed Director of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace while still working for the former president. His tenure consisted of the growth and expansion of the library, as well as the fostering and preservation of Richard Nixon's presidential legacy. In 1999, Taylor sought to enhance the former's president's image when he authorized the release of 124 Nixon-era White House tapes regarding the Watergate scandal and Nixon's involvement in it. Taylor acknowledged, \"The entire record of Watergate needs to be viewed through the prism of [the] Vietnam [War]..."], "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#1", "question": "Did he travel to the Soviet Union?", "rewrite": "Did Richard Nixon travel to the Soviet Union?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["John H. Taylor (bishop) John Harvey Taylor is the Bishop Los Angeles in the Diocese of Los Angeles of The Episcopal Church. He is a former post-Chief of Staff to former U.S. President Richard Nixon, and served as the Executive Director of the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation. Taylor had served as director of the privately owned and funded Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace prior to it joining the federal presidential libraries system, and becoming the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. Taylor was ordained as an Episcopal priest, and served as the Vicar of St. John's Episcopal Church and School, located in Rancho Santa Margarita, Orange County, California. Until being elected Bishop Coadjutor. In December 2016, he was elected to serve as Bishop Coadjutor of the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. In 2017 he succeeded J. Jon Bruno as bishop upon his retirement. Born in Detroit, Michigan, Taylor held a position as a newspaper reporter. He later moved to California and worked for former President Richard Nixon in 1979. He became the former president's post-Chief of Staff in 1984, and served in that role until 1990. Taylor married Kathy O'Connor in 2002. O'Conner had served as Nixon's post-Chief of Staff from 1990 until the former president's death in 1994. Taylor was appointed Director of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace while still working for the former president. His tenure consisted of the growth and expansion of the library, as well as the fostering and preservation of Richard Nixon's presidential legacy. In 1999, Taylor sought to enhance the former's president's image when he authorized the release of 124 Nixon-era White House tapes regarding the Watergate scandal and Nixon's involvement in it. Taylor acknowledged, \"The entire record of Watergate needs to be viewed through the prism of [the] Vietnam [War]...", "Foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration The foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration was the foreign policy of the United States from January 20, 1969 to August 9, 1974, when Richard Nixon served as the President of the United States. Nixon held office during the Cold War, a sustained period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Nixon's foreign policy focused on d\u00e9tente with the Soviet Union and China, as he sought to move away from traditional ideological conflicts and the policy of containment. Nixon's 1972 visit to China ushered in a new era of U.S.-Chinese relations and effectively removed China as a Cold War foe. The Nixon administration signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union and organized a conference that would lead to the signing of the Helsinki Accords after Nixon left office. When Nixon took office, the United States had approximately 500,000 soldiers stationed in Southeast Asia as part of an effort to aid South Vietnam in the Vietnam War. Nixon implemented a policy of \"Vietnamization\", carrying out phased withdrawals of U.S. soldiers and shifting combat roles to Vietnamese troops. As peace negotiations continually bogged down, Nixon ordered major bombing campaigns in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. The U.S., South Vietnam, and North Vietnam agreed to the Paris Peace Accords in early 1973, and the U.S. subsequently withdrew its remaining soldiers in South Vietnam. The war resumed as North Vietnam and South Vietnam violated the truce, and in 1975 North Vietnam captured Saigon and completed the reunification of Vietnam. Richard Nixon and his top aide Henry Kissinger focused on the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam, the Middle East, Pakistan, and major arms limitation agreements. Unless a crisis erupted on other matters, they let the State Department handle it with secretary William P. Rogers in charge.", "Presidency of Richard Nixon The presidency of Richard Nixon began at noon EST on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as 37th President of the United States, and ended on August 9, 1974, when he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the only U.S. president ever to do so. He was succeeded by Vice President Gerald Ford. A Republican, Nixon took office after the 1968 presidential election, in which he defeated incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Nixon's primary focus while in office was on foreign affairs. He focused on d\u00e9tente with the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, easing Cold War tensions with both countries. As part of this policy, Nixon signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and SALT I, two landmark arms control treaties with the Soviet Union. Nixon promulgated the Nixon Doctrine, which called for indirect assistance by the United States rather than direct U.S. commitments as seen in the ongoing Vietnam War. After extensive negotiations with North Vietnam, Nixon withdrew the last U.S. soldiers from South Vietnam in 1973, ending the military draft that same year. To prevent the possibility of further U.S. intervention in Vietnam, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution over Nixon's veto. In domestic affairs, Nixon advocated a policy of \"New Federalism,\" in which federal powers and responsibilities would be shifted to the states. However, he faced a Democratic Congress that did not share his goals and, in some cases, enacted legislation over his veto. Nixon's proposed reform of federal welfare programs did not pass Congress, but Congress did adopt one aspect of his proposal in the form of Supplemental Security Income, which provides aid to low-income individuals who are aged or disabled.", "Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and burial site of Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States (1969\u20131974), and his wife Pat Nixon. Located in Yorba Linda, California on land that President Nixon's family once owned, the library is one of 13 administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The campus is located at 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard in Yorba Linda and incorporates the Richard Nixon Birthplace, a National Historic Landmark where Nixon was born in 1913 and spent his childhood. From its dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, the library and museum was operated by the private Richard Nixon Foundation and was known as the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace. The facility underwent an extensive renovation in 2016 and now features tech-savvy museum exhibits; the complex is jointly operated by NARA and the Richard Nixon Foundation. Historically, all presidential papers were considered the personal property of the president. Some took them at the end of their terms while others destroyed them. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first to make them available to the public when he donated them to the National Archives in 1939, as the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, but did so voluntarily. The Watergate scandal and Richard Nixon's subsequent resignation from office complicated the issue, however. In September 1974, Richard Nixon made an agreement with the head of the General Services Administration, Arthur F. Sampson, to turn over most materials from his presidency, including tape recordings of conversations he had made in the White House; however, the recordings were to be destroyed after September 1, 1979, if directed by Nixon or by September 1, 1984, or his death otherwise.", "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California. It was founded in August 1983 by Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years. Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration, which is an entity of the federal government of the United States, in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities. The Nixon Foundation founded, controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library's dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control. The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library, welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries. This move allowed President Nixon's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda. The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors, led by former Nixon White House domestic adviser James H. Cavanaugh. The board includes President Nixon's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower, his brother Edward Nixon, former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson, and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez, Jr. The Foundation's President and CEO is nationally-known radio host Hugh Hewitt, who splits his time between Orange County and Washington, D.C. and plans to open a Nixon Foundation office in Washington. The Foundation has hosted United States presidents, first ladies and several vice presidents. Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly, academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin, and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer. The library includes \"Meet the Presidents,\" in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children."], "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972", "answer_start": 223}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#2", "question": "Who did they deal with while they were there?", "rewrite": "Who did Richard Nixon and the first lady deal with while they were there?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pat Nixon Thelma Catherine \"Pat\" Nixon (\"n\u00e9e\" Ryan; March 16, 1912 \u2013 June 22, 1993), also commonly known as Patricia Nixon, was an American educator and the wife of Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States. During her more than 30 years in public life, she served as both the Second (1953\u20131961) and First Lady of the United States (1969\u20131974). Born in Ely, Nevada, she grew up with her two brothers in what is now Cerritos, California, graduating from high school in 1929. She attended Fullerton Junior College and later the University of Southern California. She paid for her schooling by working multiple jobs, including pharmacy manager, typist, radiographer, and retail clerk. In 1940, she married lawyer Richard Nixon and they had two daughters, Tricia and Julie. Dubbed the \"Nixon team,\" Richard and Pat Nixon campaigned together in his successful congressional campaigns of 1946 and 1948. Richard Nixon was elected Vice President in 1952 alongside General Dwight D. Eisenhower, whereupon Pat became Second Lady. Pat Nixon did much to add substance to the role of the Vice President's wife, insisting on visiting schools, orphanages, hospitals, and village markets as she undertook many missions of goodwill across the world. As First Lady, Pat Nixon promoted a number of charitable causes, including volunteerism. She oversaw the collection of more than 600 pieces of historic art and furnishings for the White House, an acquisition larger than that of any other administration. She was the most traveled First Lady in U.S. history, a record unsurpassed until twenty-five years later.", "Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and burial site of Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States (1969\u20131974), and his wife Pat Nixon. Located in Yorba Linda, California on land that President Nixon's family once owned, the library is one of 13 administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The campus is located at 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard in Yorba Linda and incorporates the Richard Nixon Birthplace, a National Historic Landmark where Nixon was born in 1913 and spent his childhood. From its dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, the library and museum was operated by the private Richard Nixon Foundation and was known as the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace. The facility underwent an extensive renovation in 2016 and now features tech-savvy museum exhibits; the complex is jointly operated by NARA and the Richard Nixon Foundation. Historically, all presidential papers were considered the personal property of the president. Some took them at the end of their terms while others destroyed them. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first to make them available to the public when he donated them to the National Archives in 1939, as the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, but did so voluntarily. The Watergate scandal and Richard Nixon's subsequent resignation from office complicated the issue, however. In September 1974, Richard Nixon made an agreement with the head of the General Services Administration, Arthur F. Sampson, to turn over most materials from his presidency, including tape recordings of conversations he had made in the White House; however, the recordings were to be destroyed after September 1, 1979, if directed by Nixon or by September 1, 1984, or his death otherwise.", "John H. Taylor (bishop) John Harvey Taylor is the Bishop Los Angeles in the Diocese of Los Angeles of The Episcopal Church. He is a former post-Chief of Staff to former U.S. President Richard Nixon, and served as the Executive Director of the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation. Taylor had served as director of the privately owned and funded Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace prior to it joining the federal presidential libraries system, and becoming the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. Taylor was ordained as an Episcopal priest, and served as the Vicar of St. John's Episcopal Church and School, located in Rancho Santa Margarita, Orange County, California. Until being elected Bishop Coadjutor. In December 2016, he was elected to serve as Bishop Coadjutor of the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. In 2017 he succeeded J. Jon Bruno as bishop upon his retirement. Born in Detroit, Michigan, Taylor held a position as a newspaper reporter. He later moved to California and worked for former President Richard Nixon in 1979. He became the former president's post-Chief of Staff in 1984, and served in that role until 1990. Taylor married Kathy O'Connor in 2002. O'Conner had served as Nixon's post-Chief of Staff from 1990 until the former president's death in 1994. Taylor was appointed Director of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace while still working for the former president. His tenure consisted of the growth and expansion of the library, as well as the fostering and preservation of Richard Nixon's presidential legacy. In 1999, Taylor sought to enhance the former's president's image when he authorized the release of 124 Nixon-era White House tapes regarding the Watergate scandal and Nixon's involvement in it. Taylor acknowledged, \"The entire record of Watergate needs to be viewed through the prism of [the] Vietnam [War]...", "But when I don't have work to do, I just think up some new project.\" In the 1960 election, Vice President Nixon ran for President of the United States against Democratic opponent Senator John F. Kennedy. Pat was featured prominently in the effort; an entire advertising campaign was built around the slogan \"Pat for First Lady\". Nixon conceded the election to Kennedy, although the race was very close and there were allegations of voter fraud. Pat had urged her husband to demand a recount of votes, though Nixon declined. Pat was most upset about the television cameras, which recorded her reaction when her husband lost\u2014\"millions of television viewers witnessed her desperate fight to hold a smile upon her lips as her face came apart and the bitter tears flowed from her eyes\", as one reporter put it. This permanently dimmed Pat Nixon's view of politics. In 1962, the Nixons embarked on another campaign, this time for Governor of California. Prior to Richard Nixon's announcement of his candidacy, Pat's brother Tom Ryan said, \"Pat told me that if Dick ran for governor she was going to take her shoe to him.\" She eventually agreed to another run, citing that it meant a great deal to her husband, but Richard Nixon lost the gubernatorial election to Pat Brown. Six years later, Richard Nixon ran again for the presidency. Pat was reluctant to face another campaign, her eighth since 1946. Her husband was a deeply controversial figure in American politics, and Pat had witnessed and shared the praise and vilification he had received without having established an independent public identity for herself. Although she supported him in his career, she feared another \"1960\", when Nixon lost to Kennedy. She consented, however, and participated in the campaign by traveling on campaign trips with her husband.", "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California. It was founded in August 1983 by Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years. Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration, which is an entity of the federal government of the United States, in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities. The Nixon Foundation founded, controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library's dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control. The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library, welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries. This move allowed President Nixon's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda. The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors, led by former Nixon White House domestic adviser James H. Cavanaugh. The board includes President Nixon's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower, his brother Edward Nixon, former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson, and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez, Jr. The Foundation's President and CEO is nationally-known radio host Hugh Hewitt, who splits his time between Orange County and Washington, D.C. and plans to open a Nixon Foundation office in Washington. The Foundation has hosted United States presidents, first ladies and several vice presidents. Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly, academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin, and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer. The library includes \"Meet the Presidents,\" in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children."], "answer": {"text": "met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers;", "answer_start": 290}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he travel to the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#3", "question": "Were they successful with what they were trying to accomplish?", "rewrite": "Were Richard Nixon and the first lady successful with what they were trying to accomplish?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Pat Nixon Thelma Catherine \"Pat\" Nixon (\"n\u00e9e\" Ryan; March 16, 1912 \u2013 June 22, 1993), also commonly known as Patricia Nixon, was an American educator and the wife of Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States. During her more than 30 years in public life, she served as both the Second (1953\u20131961) and First Lady of the United States (1969\u20131974). Born in Ely, Nevada, she grew up with her two brothers in what is now Cerritos, California, graduating from high school in 1929. She attended Fullerton Junior College and later the University of Southern California. She paid for her schooling by working multiple jobs, including pharmacy manager, typist, radiographer, and retail clerk. In 1940, she married lawyer Richard Nixon and they had two daughters, Tricia and Julie. Dubbed the \"Nixon team,\" Richard and Pat Nixon campaigned together in his successful congressional campaigns of 1946 and 1948. Richard Nixon was elected Vice President in 1952 alongside General Dwight D. Eisenhower, whereupon Pat became Second Lady. Pat Nixon did much to add substance to the role of the Vice President's wife, insisting on visiting schools, orphanages, hospitals, and village markets as she undertook many missions of goodwill across the world. As First Lady, Pat Nixon promoted a number of charitable causes, including volunteerism. She oversaw the collection of more than 600 pieces of historic art and furnishings for the White House, an acquisition larger than that of any other administration. She was the most traveled First Lady in U.S. history, a record unsurpassed until twenty-five years later.", "I am happy to tell you that I'm not gone\u2014I mean, not really gone. \" It was Pat's only solo public appearance in five and a half years in California. On July 7, 1976 at \"La Casa Pacifica\", Nixon suffered a stroke, which resulted in the paralysis of her entire left side. Physical therapy enabled her to eventually regain all movement. She said that her recovery was \"the hardest thing I have ever done physically\". In 1979, she and her husband moved to a townhouse on East 65th Street in Manhattan, New York. They lived there only briefly and in 1981 moved to a house in Saddle River, New Jersey. This gave the couple additional space, and enabled them to be near their children and grandchildren. Pat, however, sustained another stroke in 1983 and two lung infections the following year. In December 1987, Richard Nixon wrote to Donald Trump about Pat Nixon believing that Trump had performed well on \"The Phil Donahue Show\", Nixon furthering that his wife was \"an expert on politics\" and that she had predicted Trump would win when he decided to run for office. Decades later, Trump would enter the 2016 U.S. presidential election and fulfill her prophecy by becoming President of the United States. Appearing \"frail and slightly bent\", she appeared in public for the opening of the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace (now Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum) in Yorba Linda, California on July 19, 1990. The dedication ceremony included 50,000 friends and well-wishers, as well as former Presidents Ford, Reagan, and Bush and their wives. The library includes a Pat Nixon room, a Pat Nixon amphitheater, and rose gardens planted with the red-black Pat Nixon Rose developed by a French company in 1972, when she was first lady.", "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda, California. It was founded in August 1983 by Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years. Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration, which is an entity of the federal government of the United States, in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities. The Nixon Foundation founded, controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library's dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control. The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library, welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries. This move allowed President Nixon's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda. The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors, led by former Nixon White House domestic adviser James H. Cavanaugh. The board includes President Nixon's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower, his brother Edward Nixon, former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson, and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez, Jr. The Foundation's President and CEO is nationally-known radio host Hugh Hewitt, who splits his time between Orange County and Washington, D.C. and plans to open a Nixon Foundation office in Washington. The Foundation has hosted United States presidents, first ladies and several vice presidents. Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly, academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin, and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer. The library includes \"Meet the Presidents,\" in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children.", "John H. Taylor (bishop) John Harvey Taylor is the Bishop Los Angeles in the Diocese of Los Angeles of The Episcopal Church. He is a former post-Chief of Staff to former U.S. President Richard Nixon, and served as the Executive Director of the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace Foundation. Taylor had served as director of the privately owned and funded Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace prior to it joining the federal presidential libraries system, and becoming the Richard Nixon Presidential Library. Taylor was ordained as an Episcopal priest, and served as the Vicar of St. John's Episcopal Church and School, located in Rancho Santa Margarita, Orange County, California. Until being elected Bishop Coadjutor. In December 2016, he was elected to serve as Bishop Coadjutor of the Episcopal Diocese of Los Angeles. In 2017 he succeeded J. Jon Bruno as bishop upon his retirement. Born in Detroit, Michigan, Taylor held a position as a newspaper reporter. He later moved to California and worked for former President Richard Nixon in 1979. He became the former president's post-Chief of Staff in 1984, and served in that role until 1990. Taylor married Kathy O'Connor in 2002. O'Conner had served as Nixon's post-Chief of Staff from 1990 until the former president's death in 1994. Taylor was appointed Director of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace while still working for the former president. His tenure consisted of the growth and expansion of the library, as well as the fostering and preservation of Richard Nixon's presidential legacy. In 1999, Taylor sought to enhance the former's president's image when he authorized the release of 124 Nixon-era White House tapes regarding the Watergate scandal and Nixon's involvement in it. Taylor acknowledged, \"The entire record of Watergate needs to be viewed through the prism of [the] Vietnam [War]...", "Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and burial site of Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States (1969\u20131974), and his wife Pat Nixon. Located in Yorba Linda, California on land that President Nixon's family once owned, the library is one of 13 administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The campus is located at 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard in Yorba Linda and incorporates the Richard Nixon Birthplace, a National Historic Landmark where Nixon was born in 1913 and spent his childhood. From its dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, the library and museum was operated by the private Richard Nixon Foundation and was known as the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace. The facility underwent an extensive renovation in 2016 and now features tech-savvy museum exhibits; the complex is jointly operated by NARA and the Richard Nixon Foundation. Historically, all presidential papers were considered the personal property of the president. Some took them at the end of their terms while others destroyed them. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first to make them available to the public when he donated them to the National Archives in 1939, as the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, but did so voluntarily. The Watergate scandal and Richard Nixon's subsequent resignation from office complicated the issue, however. In September 1974, Richard Nixon made an agreement with the head of the General Services Administration, Arthur F. Sampson, to turn over most materials from his presidency, including tape recordings of conversations he had made in the White House; however, the recordings were to be destroyed after September 1, 1979, if directed by Nixon or by September 1, 1984, or his death otherwise."], "answer": {"text": "agreements for increased trade and two landmark arms control treaties:", "answer_start": 575}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he travel to the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they deal with while they were there?", "answer": {"text": "met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers;", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Richard Nixon using the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace. Following the announcement of his visit to China, the Nixon administration concluded negotiations for him to visit the Soviet Union. The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972 and met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers; and Nikolai Podgorny, the head of state, among other leading Soviet officials. Nixon engaged in intense negotiations with Brezhnev. Out of the summit came agreements for increased trade and two landmark arms control treaties: SALT I, the first comprehensive limitation pact signed by the two superpowers, and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, which banned the development of systems designed to intercept incoming missiles. Nixon and Brezhnev proclaimed a new era of \"peaceful coexistence\". A banquet was held that evening at the Kremlin. Seeking to foster better relations with the United States, both China and the Soviet Union cut back on their diplomatic support for North Vietnam and advised Hanoi to come to terms militarily. Nixon later described his strategy:  I had long believed that an indispensable element of any successful peace initiative in Vietnam was to enlist, if possible, the help of the Soviets and the Chinese. Though rapprochement with China and detente with the Soviet Union were ends in themselves, I also considered them possible means to hasten the end of the war. At worst, Hanoi was bound to feel less confident if Washington was dealing with Moscow and Beijing. At best, if the two major Communist powers decided that they had bigger fish to fry, Hanoi would be pressured into negotiating a settlement we could accept. Having made considerable progress over the previous two years in U.S.-Soviet relations, Nixon embarked on a second trip to the Soviet Union in 1974.", "Nuclear peace Nuclear peace is a theory of international relations that argues that under some circumstances nuclear weapons can induce stability and decrease the chances of crisis escalation. In particular, nuclear weapons are said to have induced stability during the Cold War, when both the US and the USSR possessed mutual second strike retaliation capability, eliminating the possibility of nuclear victory for either side. Proponents of nuclear peace argue that controlled nuclear proliferation may be beneficial for inducing stability. Critics of nuclear peace argue that nuclear proliferation not only increases the chance of interstate nuclear conflict, but increases the chances of nuclear material falling into the hands of violent non-state groups who are free from the threat of nuclear retaliation. The major debate on this issue has been between Kenneth Waltz, the founder of neorealist theory in international relations, and Scott Sagan, a leading proponent of organizational theories in international politics. Waltz generally argues that \"more may be better,\" contending that new nuclear states will use their acquired nuclear capabilities to deter threats and preserve peace. Sagan argues that \"more will be worse\", since new nuclear states often lack adequate organizational controls over their new weapons, which makes for a high risk of either deliberate or accidental nuclear war, or theft of nuclear material by terrorists to perpetrate nuclear terrorism. A nuclear peace results when the costs of war are unacceptably high for both sides. In a two-sided conflict where both sides have mutual second strike capability, defense becomes impossible so it is the very prospect of fighting the war, rather than the possibility of losing it, that induces restraint. In a condition of mutually assured destruction, there are civilian \"hostages\" on both sides, which facilitates cooperation by acting as an informal mechanism of contract enforcement between states.", "Though he had a checkered history with the saints and authorities at Vadtal, the task to organize a separate religious community was left to his successor. He himself was not recognized as Akshar by the masses during his lifetime but his inclusion is significant in the BAPS lineage because he was a Sat-Shudra (lower caste) from a family of a tailor caste and was not a sadhu. In 1883, Shastriji Maharaj met Bhagatji Maharaj in Surat. Recognizing Bhagatji Maharaj's spiritual caliber , Shastriji Maharaj began spending increasing amounts of time listening to Bhagatji Maharaj's discourses, and soon, he accepted Bhagatji Maharaj as his guru. Over time, Shastriji Maharaj also became a strong proponent of the Akshar-Purushottam Upasana. After Bhagatji Maharaj died on 7 November 1897, Shastriji Maharaj became the primary proponent of the doctrine of Akshar-Purushottam. He believed that the construction of mandirs guided by this doctrine was urgently needed to facilitate followers' practice of this understanding of Swaminarayan devotion and identified Gunatitanand Swami and Bhagatji Maharaj as the first and second embodiments of Akshar. In this regard, Shastriji Maharaj persuaded Acharya Kunjvihariprasadji to consecrate the murtis of Akshar (Gunatitanand Swami) and Purushottam (Swaminarayan) in the Vadhwan mandir. Shastriji Maharaj's identification of Gunatitanand Swami as the personal form of Akshar was already a paradigm shift for some that led to \"opposition and hostility\" from many within the Vadtal diocese.", "Touched by Pragji's saintly response to his unwarranted excommunication, Pavitranand Swami, a senior sadhu and chief detractor who had earlier vowed to \u201cnever see Pragji\u2019s face again\u201d, became one of Pragji's staunchest defenders and organized his return to the Sampraday. People within the Sampraday began to refer to Pragji as Bhagatji due to his devotion and staunch adherence to his Guru's principles even though he had been expelled from the Sampraday. After nearly three years in exile, he was willingly accepted back into the religious fold at the insistence of a large number of devotees and sadhus. In 1873, Bhagatji Maharaj first met his eventual successor Shastri Yagnapurushdas in Surat. During an assembly, Bhagatji Maharaj delivered a discourse while simultaneously stitching a decorative cloth-piece for the mandir elephant. Yagnapurushdas, already surprised upon seeing this feat, was further impressed when Bhagatji Maharaj spontaneously addressed his incredulity and unspoken question with the phrase, \u201cOne who is wise has innumerable eyes.\u201d Realizing Bhagatji Maharaj's spiritual greatness from this incident, Shastri Yagnapurushdas requested Bhagatji Maharaj to become his guru. Although this decision was criticized by some due to Bhagatji Maharaj's low-caste, Shastri Yagnapurushdas pointed to the teachings of Swaminarayan in the Vachanamrut to argue that a spiritual leader should not be judged by social classifications but by spiritual elevation. Bhagatji Maharaj continued to spread the message of Akshar and Purushottam for the rest of his life.", "Stennis Compromise The Stennis Compromise was a legal maneuver attempted by U.S. President Richard Nixon on October 19, 1973, during the Watergate scandal. The Compromise was offered by Nixon to Archibald Cox, the special prosecutor who was appointed by the Justice Department to investigate the events surrounding the Watergate break-in of June 17, 1972. It was made in response to a subpoena requesting, as evidence, copies of taped conversations which Nixon had made in the Oval Office. After an initial refusal to comply on the grounds of executive privilege, Nixon offered to remit the tapes to a respected U.S. Senator, John C. Stennis, a Democrat from Mississippi. Sen. Stennis would listen to the tapes himself, then summarize the tapes for the special prosecutor's office. The explanation was that Stennis would be sensitive to matters of national security contained within. However, Stennis was famously hard-of-hearing, therefore it is believed that President Nixon did not want the tapes entered into the public record, because they contained recordings of Nixon using coarse language and racial epithets, and \u2013 preeminently \u2013 implicating himself in the \"cover-up\" surrounding the Watergate break-in. Cox refused the compromise that evening. Nixon's response was to have the special prosecutor fired the next day, in a chain of events later known as the \"Saturday Night Massacre.\""], "answer": {"text": "both China and the Soviet Union cut back on their diplomatic support for North Vietnam", "answer_start": 1019}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he travel to the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they deal with while they were there?", "answer": {"text": "met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers;", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they successful with what they were trying to accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "agreements for increased trade and two landmark arms control treaties:", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#5", "question": "Did the soviet leader ever come to America?", "rewrite": "Did the soviet leader ever come to America after 1972?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A Critique of Soviet Economics A Critique of Soviet Economics (\u8bfb\u82cf\u8054\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd) is a work of Marxist\u2013Leninist political economy written by Mao Zedong. It was written between 1958 and 1959 and includes a critique of two Soviet works: \"Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR,\" a short 1951 work by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin; and \"Political Economy: A Textbook,\" an official publication of Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR published in 1957. First published in 1967, the book is regarded as an early polemic of the Sino-Soviet split which emerged in the late 1950s and the 1960s. In \"A Critique of Soviet Economics,\" Chinese leader Mao Zedong sharply criticizes the economic views of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, arguing that the Soviet Union's collectivization of agriculture by means of state expropriation represented a \"rightist deviation\" by substituting the action of the state for the grass-roots action of the peasant masses. Mao additionally criticized Stalin for making the assumption that socialist industrialization was a necessary precondition for the collectivization of agriculture and consequently over-prioritizing the development heavy industry in an unbalanced way. Mao also challenged the division between people's democracy and Soviet democracy. Although written over a period of time from 1958 to 1960, \"A Critique of Soviet Economics\" was only first published in 1967, by which time the Sino-Soviet split had fully erupted. The book was reissued in English translation by the Monthly Review Press in 1977.", "Brezhnev's policies helped the Soviet Union's economy to grow and compete with the United States in an arms race during the 1970s. The 1980s was a different story. Because of Brezhnev's poor health, he could not lead the Soviet Union, which hurt the country's economy, military, living standards, and politics. Brezhnev had to start relying more on his advisors because of his health. Brezhnev's advisors would make critical decisions, and Brezhnev eventually became a figurehead for the Soviet Union. But political corruption spread throughout the Soviet leadership. Brezhnev was eventually criticized for the poor quality of life the Soviet Union's citizens had in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Yuri V. Andropov succeeded Leonid Brezhnev as Soviet leader. His leadership was short lived however, due to his ailing health, he was only the Soviet Union's leader for 15 months. From November 1982 to February 1984. Andropov quickly fell ill in February 1983, and his health deteriorated to the point he began staying in a hospital frequently. On November 7, 1983 he became the first Soviet leader to miss the annual October Revolution parade on Red Square. Andropov spent his last few days in a hospital before he died on February 9, 1984. Andropov wanted to clean up Soviet corruption and attempted systemic reform. He dismissed many party ministers and secretaries due to their corruption. Andropov also established the Soviet Union's rational state-society relations, which was designed to ceate resistance from both the elites and the masses. The statists plan did not work because Andropov died, and the plan alone did not have the strength to be successful. Toward the end of his life, Andropov began to think the Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan might have been an erroneous decision.", "Vasil Mzhavanadze  Vasil Pavlovich Mzhavanadze (also Vasily; ; \u2013 31 August 1988) was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Georgian SSR from September 1953 to September 28, 1972 and a member of the CPSU's Politburo from June 29, 1957 to December 18, 1972. Dismissed after a corruption scandal, he was replaced by Eduard Shevardnadze. Mzhavanadze served in the Red Army as a political commissar during World War II. After the war, he became deputy commander for political affairs in the Kiev military district in the Ukrainian SSR, under the administration of Ukrainian Communist Party leader (and later Soviet leader) Nikita Khrushchev. Georgia was at this time ruled by supporters of Lavrentiy Beria, who had been the First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party from 1931 to 1938. In July 1953, following the death of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and the arrest of Beria, the leadership of the Georgian Communist Party was purged by Khrushchev's supporters. Mzhavanadze was promoted to lead the Party in Georgia, replacing Beria's prot\u00e9g\u00e9 Aleksandre Mirtskhulava as First Secretary in September 1953. In an unprecedented display of military presence on the political arena, Mzhavanadze was joined in the Georgian Central Committee by the generals Alexi Inauri and Aleksei Antonov. When Khrushchev became the leader of the USSR in 1957, Mzhavanadze was appointed to become a candidate (non-voting) member of the Soviet Politburo. He became a full member in 1966. Georgia prospered during Mzhavanadze's term of office against a background of corruption. Mzhavanadze himself became a symbol of corrupt, inefficient governance.", "Khrushchev: The Man and His Era  Khrushchev: The Man and His Era is a 2003 biography of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Written by William Taubman, the book is the first in-depth and comprehensive American biography of Khrushchev. Taubman was the recipient of the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, as well as the 2004 National Book Critics Circle Award. The author spent almost 20 years researching the life of Khrushchev in preparation to write the book. Extensive research was made possible through access to archives in Russia and Ukraine, which were opened to the public following the collapse of the Soviet Union. In addition to printed materials and documentation, he spent time engaging Khrushchev's children and extended relatives, resulting in over 70 personal interviews. Taubman presents a historical narrative and study of the life of Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader who succeeded Joseph Stalin. The book concludes with Khrushchev's death on September 11, 1971. \"Khrushchev: The Man and His Era\" presents a historical narrative and study of the life of Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader who succeeded Joseph Stalin. Historian and author, William Taubman offers a brief overview of Khrushchev's childhood and early life. He was raised in an economically depressed home and received little formal education. After he attended two years of school, his father pulled him out of class to begin working in the fields. Prior to his involvement in politics, he worked as a skilled metal worker in the Russian coal mining region. In spite of being relegated to working in the mines, Khrushchev was naturally intelligent and a quick learner. He was viewed by the Bolshevik party as the ideal recruit.", "The Soviets reacted harshly because they thought it violated the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and would upset the balance of power by giving the U.S. a major military advantage. For years Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev argued vehemently against SDI. However, by the late 1980s he decided the system would never work and should not be used to block disarmament deals with the U.S. Historians argue how great an impact the SDI threat had on the Soviets \u2013 whether it was enough to force Gorbachev to initiate radical reforms, or whether the deterioration of the Soviet economy alone forced the reforms. There is agreement that the Soviets realized they were well behind the Americans in military technology, that to try to catch up would be very expensive, and that the military expenses were already a very heavy burden slowing down their economy. Reagan's Invasion of Grenada and bombing of Libya were popular in the U.S, though his backing of the Contras rebels was mired in the controversy over the Iran\u2013Contra affair that revealed Reagan's poor management style. Reagan met four times with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who ascended to power in 1985, and their summit conferences led to the signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Gorbachev tried to save Communism in the Soviet Union first by ending the expensive arms race with America, then by shedding the East European empire in 1989. The Soviet Union collapsed on Christmas Day 1991, ending the U.S\u2013Soviet Cold War. The United States emerged as the world's sole remaining superpower and continued to intervene in international affairs during the 1990s, including the 1991 Gulf War against Iraq. Following his election in 1992, President Bill Clinton oversaw one of the longest periods of economic expansion and unprecedented gains in securities values, a side effect of the digital revolution and new business opportunities created by the Internet."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he travel to the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they deal with while they were there?", "answer": {"text": "met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers;", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they successful with what they were trying to accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "agreements for increased trade and two landmark arms control treaties:", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "both China and the Soviet Union cut back on their diplomatic support for North Vietnam", "answer_start": 1019, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#6", "question": "Who went with nixon to the Soviet Union?", "rewrite": "Who went with Richard Nixon to the Soviet Union in 1972?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Presidency of Richard Nixon The presidency of Richard Nixon began at noon EST on January 20, 1969, when Richard Nixon was inaugurated as 37th President of the United States, and ended on August 9, 1974, when he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office, the only U.S. president ever to do so. He was succeeded by Vice President Gerald Ford. A Republican, Nixon took office after the 1968 presidential election, in which he defeated incumbent Vice President Hubert Humphrey. Nixon's primary focus while in office was on foreign affairs. He focused on d\u00e9tente with the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, easing Cold War tensions with both countries. As part of this policy, Nixon signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and SALT I, two landmark arms control treaties with the Soviet Union. Nixon promulgated the Nixon Doctrine, which called for indirect assistance by the United States rather than direct U.S. commitments as seen in the ongoing Vietnam War. After extensive negotiations with North Vietnam, Nixon withdrew the last U.S. soldiers from South Vietnam in 1973, ending the military draft that same year. To prevent the possibility of further U.S. intervention in Vietnam, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution over Nixon's veto. In domestic affairs, Nixon advocated a policy of \"New Federalism,\" in which federal powers and responsibilities would be shifted to the states. However, he faced a Democratic Congress that did not share his goals and, in some cases, enacted legislation over his veto. Nixon's proposed reform of federal welfare programs did not pass Congress, but Congress did adopt one aspect of his proposal in the form of Supplemental Security Income, which provides aid to low-income individuals who are aged or disabled.", "Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and burial site of Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States (1969\u20131974), and his wife Pat Nixon. Located in Yorba Linda, California on land that President Nixon's family once owned, the library is one of 13 administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The campus is located at 18001 Yorba Linda Boulevard in Yorba Linda and incorporates the Richard Nixon Birthplace, a National Historic Landmark where Nixon was born in 1913 and spent his childhood. From its dedication on July 19, 1990 until July 11, 2007, the library and museum was operated by the private Richard Nixon Foundation and was known as the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace. The facility underwent an extensive renovation in 2016 and now features tech-savvy museum exhibits; the complex is jointly operated by NARA and the Richard Nixon Foundation. Historically, all presidential papers were considered the personal property of the president. Some took them at the end of their terms while others destroyed them. Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first to make them available to the public when he donated them to the National Archives in 1939, as the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, but did so voluntarily. The Watergate scandal and Richard Nixon's subsequent resignation from office complicated the issue, however. In September 1974, Richard Nixon made an agreement with the head of the General Services Administration, Arthur F. Sampson, to turn over most materials from his presidency, including tape recordings of conversations he had made in the White House; however, the recordings were to be destroyed after September 1, 1979, if directed by Nixon or by September 1, 1984, or his death otherwise.", "Foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration The foreign policy of the Richard Nixon administration was the foreign policy of the United States from January 20, 1969 to August 9, 1974, when Richard Nixon served as the President of the United States. Nixon held office during the Cold War, a sustained period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Nixon's foreign policy focused on d\u00e9tente with the Soviet Union and China, as he sought to move away from traditional ideological conflicts and the policy of containment. Nixon's 1972 visit to China ushered in a new era of U.S.-Chinese relations and effectively removed China as a Cold War foe. The Nixon administration signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with the Soviet Union and organized a conference that would lead to the signing of the Helsinki Accords after Nixon left office. When Nixon took office, the United States had approximately 500,000 soldiers stationed in Southeast Asia as part of an effort to aid South Vietnam in the Vietnam War. Nixon implemented a policy of \"Vietnamization\", carrying out phased withdrawals of U.S. soldiers and shifting combat roles to Vietnamese troops. As peace negotiations continually bogged down, Nixon ordered major bombing campaigns in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos. The U.S., South Vietnam, and North Vietnam agreed to the Paris Peace Accords in early 1973, and the U.S. subsequently withdrew its remaining soldiers in South Vietnam. The war resumed as North Vietnam and South Vietnam violated the truce, and in 1975 North Vietnam captured Saigon and completed the reunification of Vietnam. Richard Nixon and his top aide Henry Kissinger focused on the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam, the Middle East, Pakistan, and major arms limitation agreements. Unless a crisis erupted on other matters, they let the State Department handle it with secretary William P. Rogers in charge.", "Donald Nixon Francis Donald Nixon (November 23, 1914 \u2013 June 27, 1987) was a younger brother of United States President Richard Nixon. He was the third of five children: He married Clara Jane Lemke (1920\u20132013) in 1942 and had two sons, Richard C. Nixon and Donald A. Nixon, and a daughter, Lawrene Mae Nixon Anfinson. In January 1957 Howard Hughes lent Donald Nixon $205,000 to bail out his \"Nixon's\" drive-in restaurant in Whittier, California. The restaurant went bankrupt less than a year later. Questions about whether this was a political favor dogged Richard Nixon during his campaign for president and later when he sought the governorship of California. He never lived it down, and one of the many speculated motives for the 1972 Watergate burglary that ultimately led to Richard Nixon's resignation was a desire to find proof that the then-Democratic National Committee chairman Larry O'Brien was also secretly working for Hughes. John H. Meier, one of Hughes's former business advisers, in collaboration with former vice president Hubert Humphrey and others, was using Donald Nixon to feed misinformation to his brother the President. Meier told Donald that he was sure the Democrats would win the election, since they had a lot of information on Richard Nixon's illicit dealings with Howard Hughes which had never been released, and that Larry O'Brien had the information In 1974 the staff of the Senate Watergate committee disclosed additional information to support the charge that Charles Rebozo gave or lent part of a $100,000 campaign contribution to President Nixon's personal secretary, Rose Mary Woods, and to Nixon's brothers, Donald and Edward Nixon. Donald Nixon was portrayed by Sean Stone in the 1995 Oliver Stone film, \"Nixon\". On June 27, 1987, Donald Nixon died while undergoing hospital treatment for pneumonia.", "Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to the People's Republic of China was an important strategic and diplomatic overture that marked the culmination of the Nixon administration's resumption of harmonious relations between the United States and mainland China after years of diplomatic isolation. The seven-day official visit to three Chinese cities was the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC; Nixon's arrival in Beijing ended 25 years of no communication or diplomatic ties between the two countries and was the key step in normalizing relations between the U.S. and China. Nixon visited China to gain more leverage over relations with the Soviet Union. When the communists took over mainland China in 1949 and the nationalists fled to the island of Taiwan, the United States allied with, and recognized, the Republic of China as the sole government of China. Before his election as president in 1968, former Vice President Richard Nixon hinted at establishing a new relationship with the PRC. Early in his first term, Nixon, through his National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger, sent subtle overtures hinting at warmer relations to the PRC government. After a series of these overtures by both countries, Kissinger flew on secret diplomatic missions to Beijing in 1971, where he met with Premier Zhou Enlai. On July 15, 1971, the President shocked the world by announcing on live television that he would visit the PRC the following year. The week-long visit, from February 21 to 28, 1972, allowed the American public to view images of China for the first time in over two decades. Throughout the week the President and his senior advisers engaged in substantive discussions with the PRC leadership, including a meeting with Chairman Mao Zedong, while First Lady Pat Nixon toured schools, factories and hospitals in the cities of Beijing, Hangzhou and Shanghai with the large American press corps in tow."], "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow", "answer_start": 223}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he travel to the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they deal with while they were there?", "answer": {"text": "met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers;", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they successful with what they were trying to accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "agreements for increased trade and two landmark arms control treaties:", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "both China and the Soviet Union cut back on their diplomatic support for North Vietnam", "answer_start": 1019, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the soviet leader ever come to America?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_77f971c112b1407d9eb4ef23c450b499_0_q#7", "question": "Did they have a welcome party for the President and First Lady", "rewrite": "Did the people in Moscow have a welcome party for the President and First Lady", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Welcome Party \"Welcome Party\" is the twentieth episode of the eighth season of the American comedy television series \"The Office\" and the show's 172nd episode overall. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 12, 2012. \"Welcome Party\" was written by Steve Hely and directed by series regular Ed Helms, who portrays Andy Bernard. The series\u2014presented as if it were a real documentary\u2014depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Robert California (James Spader) forces the office to prepare a welcome party for Nellie Bertram (Catherine Tate), but the party planners seek to sabotage it. Meanwhile, Erin Hannon (Ellie Kemper) helps Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) break up with his girlfriend, Jessica. \"Welcome Party\" was received differently by many critics, resulting in mixed reviews, with multiple critics feeling that the episode never lived up to its potential. According to Nielsen Media Research, \"Welcome Party\" was viewed by an estimated 4.39 million viewers and received a 2.2 rating/6% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. The episode ranked fourth in its timeslot and was also the highest-rated NBC series of the night. Robert California (James Spader) forces the office to throw a welcome party for Nellie Bertram (Catherine Tate), but the Party Planning Committee works on ways to sabotage it. Meanwhile, Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) and Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) are sent to Nellie's apartment to help her move in. When Dwight suggests bringing in a magician to move her furniture magically, Nellie quickly admits her disdain for stage magicians, prompting Jim to tell Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) about hiring a magician for Nellie's party.", "To serve the Chinese Students in Auckland, New Zealand and to provide support to them including providing working experiences and a wide array of events. 1. To act as the bridge between local political, business and education sectors and the local Chinese Students. 2. To promote Chinese culture to the local society. Welcome Party is held annually for NZCSA members at the beginning of the university semester. It's designed to help students, especially those that are new to the university, to get familiar with the new environment and make more friends. There is a different theme for the Welcome Party every year, but the major goal is to provide NZCSA members a relaxing and comfortable environment to enjoy and have fun. Professional Networking aims to provide students a perfect chance to engage with experienced professionals and have a clearer vision for their future career development. The event is made up of three major sections: Discussion Tables Night, which offers a chance for participants to practice interpersonal skills with NZCSA alumni and graduates; PN Evening, which includes a presentation section from experienced speakers and a networking section; and Speed Networking that provides students the opportunity to engage one-on-one with prospective employers. DreamWorks is the largest and most influential singing competition for Asian singers. This is a chance to stand under the spotlight and bath in the attention of the audience. The Constitution has been approved by the Committee with an overall rate of 86.86 per cent of committee members on 5 May 2015, 71 committee members attended, 542 votes counted against 8 modules. The Committee of NZCSA consists of 5 departments, 115 positions. The Presidium of NZCSA consists of 1 President and 2 Vice Presidents. The Executive Group of NZCSA consists of 1 President, 2 Vice Presidents, 1 Treasurer, 1 Director of Business Development, 1 Director of Human Resources, 1 Director of Marketing, 1 Director of Operations, 1 Director of Alumni Relations.", "Throughout the school year, members participate in activities such as the orientation show, the welcoming party for new students, the annual summer and winter gatherings, and festival performances, in addition to semi-weekly practices. The Thu. G club meets regularly to practice rapping and beat box skills. The name \u2018Thu. G\u2019 is an acronym for \u2018The Highest under God\u2019. This club has 127 members (50 of whom are undergraduates), participating in four main performances throughout the school year, including the Welcome Party for New Students, the annual field trip, and alumni events. The Sun C.A Cheerleading Squad meets weekly to practice dances and movement for cheerleading. With 38 members (30 of whom are undergraduates), this group participates in activities like the freshmen orientation, welcome party for new students, annual summer and winter field trips, alumni events, and performances both on and off campus. DENIS ( Dance Energy Nation In Soonchunhyang) practices street dance and always welcomes new members of varying skill, from beginner to advanced. Currently there are 91 members (47 undergraduate students). Throughout the year, DENIS participates in activities such as annual summer and winter field trips, regular practices (including B-boy, poppin\u2019, and girls\u2019 hip-hop), alumni activities, and various festival performances. CHORD is one of Soonchunhyang's longest-standing clubs. Established in 1986, this club currently maintains 200 members (including 50 undergraduate students), who regularly perform at events such as the annual regular and open concerts, mini concerts for new students, SCH Music Festival, and periodic field trips. This club won first place in the KBS TV Academic Music Festival in 1988, and took second place in the same festival in 1991. In 2006, CHORD won first place in the Korean Amateur Music Festival.", "After staying a while, Andy asks Jessica into the kitchen where she deduces that he is breaking up with her. Erin is surprised however when Jessica said that Andy told her he did not think Erin was relationship material. Andy does not deny saying that, instead opting to claim that he is gay and leaves awkwardly with Erin. In the car, Andy says he made those comments about Erin because he was with Jessica before Erin falls asleep. Andy decides to head back to the cabin to tell Jessica and her party that he broke up with her because he wanted to be with Erin and that she is relationship material, while Erin overhears. Jessica and her party chase Andy and Erin back to the car. Erin passionately kisses Andy inside the car while the party throws cake at them, prompting a quick getaway. \"Welcome Party\" was written by Steve Hely, his second writing credit for the season after \"Trivia\". The episode was directed by series regular Ed Helms, who portrays Andy Bernard. This marked his second director's credit for both the series and season, after \"Christmas Wishes\". The Season Eight DVD contains a number of deleted scenes from this episode. Notable cut scenes include Jim trying to stall Nellie, Robert California asking the party planning committee how great the party will be, Nellie checking out her new neighbors and asking her neighbor if he is an abortionist, in order to make sure her building will not be the target of a fire-bombing, and the party planning committee trying to think of catty ways to make Nellie angry. \"Welcome Party\" originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 12, 2012. The episode was viewed by an estimated 4.39 million viewers and received a 2.2 rating/6% share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49.", "During the meeting, Robert chastises Packer for the failure of the store, pretending that the Sabre store itself was a great concept, but that Packer botched in execution. While Packer protests that he has only been Vice President for half an hour, and that Dwight is to blame, Robert commends Dwight for being smart enough not to show up at the meeting, and terminates Packer. Robert and Nellie's interactions also hint that the two might be attracted to one another. In \"Get the Girl\", to the employees' surprise, Robert allows Nellie to have a job at the Scranton branch. Despite the fact that Andy is already employed as Regional Manager, Nellie declares herself the new Manager and takes over the position. However, Robert is unable to stand up to her, and instead takes on a detached Darwinian view of her antics. In \"Welcome Party\", Robert forces the office to throw a welcome party for Nellie, and, throughout the episode, he makes very obvious attempts to make a good impression on her. In \"Angry Andy\", Andy enlists Robert to give him his job back from Nellie by claiming it was an interim position for her. Nellie refuses, but manipulates Robert by flirtatiously hinting that she is attracted to him. Robert then stays detached from their conflict until Andy has an anger outburst, in which he throws his chair at Robert and then punches his hand through the wall over Nellie stealing his job. Robert then chooses Nellie as the branch Manager and demotes Andy to a position that they will create for him. When he tells Andy and Erin this, Andy calmly says \"no\", to which Robert replies that he will fire Andy if he keeps saying \"no\", and asks if he has anything else to say. Andy replies \"no\", and Robert fires him."], "answer": {"text": "He arrived in Moscow on June 27 to a welcome ceremony, cheering crowds, and a state dinner at the Grand Kremlin Palace that evening.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How is Richard Nixon associated with the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he travel to the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow on May 22, 1972", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they deal with while they were there?", "answer": {"text": "met with Leonid Brezhnev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party; Alexei Kosygin, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers;", "answer_start": 290, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they successful with what they were trying to accomplish?", "answer": {"text": "agreements for increased trade and two landmark arms control treaties:", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "both China and the Soviet Union cut back on their diplomatic support for North Vietnam", "answer_start": 1019, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the soviet leader ever come to America?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who went with nixon to the Soviet Union?", "answer": {"text": "The President and First Lady arrived in Moscow", "answer_start": 223, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Salonga born?", "rewrite": "Where was Salonga born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On January 30, 2013, Salonga took part on the 2013 season of Lincoln Center's American Songbook concert series at the Allen Room. In the Philippines, Salonga provided the theme song for TV5's reality singing competition Kanta Pilipinas which premiered on February 8. On February 18, Salonga, Tyne Daly and Norm Lewis starred in a concert performance of Ragtime at Lincoln Center's Avery Fisher Hall. Salonga played Mother. Salonga headlined a concert series, \"4 Stars One World of Broadway Musicals,\" in Tokyo from June 15-23, and in Osaka from June 27-30. She performed with, Ramin Karimloo, Sierra Boggess, and Yu Shirota. She was one of the four coaches, together with apl.de.ap, Sarah Geronimo and Bamboo Manalac for the ABS-CBN program, The Voice of the Philippines, which premiered on June 15, 2013. In December 2013, Salonga began a concert tour in the Philippines titled \"Lea Salonga: Playlist\" that celebrated her 35 years in show business. The concert series was extended to January 2014. Salonga wrote a book, Playlist: A Celebration of 35 Years, which she used as a souvenir program for the concerts and sells on her website. In 2014, she returned for the second season of The Voice of the Philippines and also joined the new Philippine version of The Voice Kids, on which she has appeared for three seasons, as of 2016. Salonga recorded a song called \"Wished That I Could Call You\" that was included in the charity compilation album Children In Need, released in March 2014. Also in 2014-15, she toured in Asia and North America with Il Divo. In mid-2015, she headlined her own concert series in Australasia.", "On 3 July 2008, Salonga became a columnist in the Philippine Daily Inquirer with her column \"Backstory\" (Entertainment section), \"Introducing: Lea Salonga, writer\". Since then she has written numerous columns for the Inquirer. She performed in \"Global Pop\" at the Music Center on July 11, 2008. It was presented by The Blue Ribbon a group founded by Dorothy Chandler in 1968. Salonga gave a concert on July 11 at Los Angeles' Walt Disney Concert Hall. That same year she received a special citation from Awit Awards, the Philippines' version of Grammys. From late July 2008 to mid-2009, Salonga played the title role in the 30-week Asian tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella, which premiered in Manila. Salonga performed a series of concerts in North America in 2009 and was also asked to dance the Filipino novelty dances \"Ocho-ocho\" and \"Spaghetti\". The same year, Salonga advertised the Avon Products line of anti-aging skin care products Anew Rejuvenate in the Philippines. In June 2009, she sang at the 95th Anniversary Special of the Iglesia Ni Cristo. Salonga sang Patriotic song \"Bayan Ko\" at the Requiem Mass for former President Corazon Aquino at Manila Cathedral. Salonga celebrated 20 years of Miss Saigon by performing in concerts called \"Lea Salonga...Your Songs\", at the Philippine International Convention Center Plenary Hall on December 11 and 12, 2009. Her brother, Gerard, was musical director. From July to August 2010, Salonga played the role of Grizabella in the Manila run of the Asia-Pacific tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.", "\"   On August 31, 2007, Salonga received the \"Ramon Magsaysay Award\" for government service. Some 256 Asian people have won the award in various categories since its founding in 1957. Each awardee receives a certificate, a medallion and an undisclosed cash prize. Salonga was one of the 7 Asian awardees, from China, India, South Korea, Nepal and the Philippines. On August 15, 2007 Salonga's book, \"Not by Power or Wealth Alone\", was published. On August 24, 2007, Salonga's \"Bantayog ng mga Bayani Foundation\" launched a commemorative 200-page book, \" Bantayog ng mga Bayani\" (Monument of Heroes) at the Bantayog Memorial Center on Quezon Avenue corner EDSA to honor heroes, 160 Filipino student and community activists, priests, nuns, journalists, lawyers, Supreme Court justices and an Italian priest Tulio Favali, who was murdered in 1985 by a military-backed fanatic cult. Salonga received the Ramon Magsaysay Award for government service on August 31, 2007. He was honored for \"\"the exemplary integrity and substance of his long public career in service to democracy and good government in the Philippines\"\". Other awardees included Kim Sun Tae of Korea, Mahabir Pun of Nepal, Tang Xiyang of China, Palagummi Sainath of India, Chen Guangcheng and Chung To, both of China. On September 14, 2007, Salonga resigned as member of his own Sigma Rho fraternity after its involvement and implication in the hazing death of University of the Philippines, Diliman student, 20-year-old Cris Mendez (on August 27). Salonga joined Sigma Rho as UP student in the 1940s.", "Jovito Salonga Jovito \"Jovy\" Reyes Salonga (June 22, 1920 \u2013 March 10, 2016) was a Filipino statesman and lawyer, as well as a leading opposition leader during the regime of Ferdinand Marcos from the declaration of martial law in 1972 until the People Power Revolution in 1986, which removed Marcos from power. Salonga was the 14th President of the Senate of the Philippines serving from 1987 to 1992. Jovito Salonga was born in poverty in Pasig on June 22, 1920. His father was a Presbyterian pastor, Esteban Salonga and his mother, Bernardita Reyes, was a market vendor. His parents married in 1904. Jovito Salonga, the youngest of five brothers, worked his way through college and law school as a proofreader in the publishing firm of his eldest brother, Isayas. During his senior year at the College of Law at the University of the Philippines (U.P.), he quit his job to prepare for the bar exam. Due to the advent of World War II, he postponed taking the Philippine Bar Examination until 1944, when he and Jose Diokno both topped with a grade point average of 95.3%. A few months after the Japanese invasion in December 1941, Salonga went underground and engaged in anti-Japanese activities. In April 1942, he was captured and tortured by the Japanese Military Police in Pasig in the presence of his aging father. He was transferred to Fort Santiago and several other prisons where he was subjected to further persecution. On June 11, 1942, he was sentenced to 15 years of hard labor by the Japanese and incarcerated at the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa, but was pardoned on the Foundation Day of Japan (Kigen Setsu) in 1943.", "When Larkin first auditioned for the role, \"A Whole New World\", Jasmine's only surviving song, had not yet been written; she admitted, \"there's no way I would have even auditioned ... if there had been a song from the beginning.\" After writing Jasmine's first song, the filmmakers asked Larkin if she would be interested in recording it and providing the character's singing voice. Larkin immediately declined, joking, \"I do [sing] ... but not like a princess!\" Thus, Disney decided to recruit a singer who could mimic Larkin's speaking voice instead, despite the actress' fear that the studio would completely replace her with a professional singer altogether. Jasmine's singing voice is provided by Filipina singer and actress Lea Salonga. Salonga's Tony Award-winning performance in the musical \"Miss Saigon\" helped her garner the interest of casting director Albert Tavares, who proceeded to leave a note for the singer on the stage door before leaving a show he had attended. Salonga's agent then scheduled her audition, at which she performed \"Part of Your World\" from \"The Little Mermaid\". Salonga finally began recording a demo of \"A Whole New World\" a few days later. With the casting of Salonga, Larkin became one of Disney's first voice actors to not provide the singing voice of the character she voices, and thus Jasmine marked the first time Disney decided to separate a Princess's speaking and singing voices. Describing Salonga as \"an incredible singer\", Larkin herself was pleasantly surprised by how much Salonga's voice resembled her own when she first heard \"A Whole New World\", joking, \"the filmmakers almost had me convinced that I sang it\"."], "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#1", "question": "What was her childhood like?", "rewrite": "What was Lea's childhood like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002.", "Lea struggles to adjust to a life with temporary blindness. Sometime later, Tonyo, Lea's next-door neighbor who is also a Filipino introduces himself to her and makes an effort to cook for her and cheer her up despite being rebuffed several times. Tonyo eventually gains Lea's acquaintance and persuades her to tour with him in and around the city. The two spend most of their time traveling around tourist spots in Sapporo, with Tonyo serving as Lea's eyes through all of their moments. The eventually fall in love and make a promise to re-visit all the places they went to as soon as Lea regains her eyesight. They later celebrate a pseudo-wedding where Tonyo gives Lea a Daruma doll\u2014a Japanese doll which is believed to fulfill wishes of the person who fills out its eyes\u2014and wishes her recovery from blindness. During one of their dates, Tonyo leaves Lea by the road to fetch a stuffed toy he intended to give Lea. At this point, Lea begins to regain her sight and, for the first time sees Tonyo waving at her from the other side of the road. Tonyo, surprised and filled with joy, dashes to Lea but is hit by a vehicle and dies. After Tonyo's death, Lea visits his home, and discovers a letter he left for her. She learns that Tonyo moved from Tokyo to Sapporo, having suffered a broken heart when he was cheated on. It is then revealed that Lea had in fact met him early on. He was a drunken man who slept on the street in front of Lea's home. Lea had been consistently taking care of him, providing him with stir-fried cabbage for food and a blanket. Touched by her kindness, he vowed to better himself, and moves to a house right across from Lea's.", "Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879) Luke Lea (April 12, 1879November 18, 1945) was an American attorney, politician and newspaper publisher. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917. Lea was the longtime publisher of \"The Tennessean\" newspaper in Nashville, and a United States Army veteran of World War I. In 1919 he led an unauthorized and unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the recently exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II. Lea was the son of Overton Lea and Ella (Cocke) Lea. He was born into a political family after Reconstruction and named for a paternal great-grandfather, Luke Lea, who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson , the elder Lea later became a member of the Whig Party. One of Lea's maternal great-grandfathers was William Cocke, who served in the U.S. Senate from Tennessee from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1805. Lea received his early education from tutors at home. He attended University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1899. He received a master's degree in 1900. Lea was the manager of the \"Iron Men\" of the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team, who won five road games in six days, and outscored opponents 322 to 10. Lea is credited with putting together that season's team schedule. He attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1903. Lea was admitted to the bar the same year, and began to practice in Nashville. In addition to practicing law, Lea formed a company to purchase the \"Nashville American\" newspaper. Reorganized as the \"Nashville Tennessean\", Lea served as its first editor and publisher.", "Hoare Lea Hoare Lea is a British firm of consulting engineers specialising in mechanical, electrical and environmental engineering (building services engineering). Founded in 1862, Hoare Lea has offices located in Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Leeds, London, Manchester, Oxford, Plymouth and Glasgow. It has a growing international presence. Hoare Lea was founded by Henry Lea in 1862. With an expertise spanning the mechanical and electrical disciplines, he was the first person to advertise himself as a Consulting Mechanical Engineer when he opened his office in Birmingham. Lea pioneered electrical lighting, and methods of efficient heating and air conditioning systems. In 1882, Lea supervised one of the first electrical lighting systems installed in a public building at Birmingham Town Hall. Other notable examples of Lea's work include the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, widely recognised as one of the first air conditioned buildings in the world. Lea died in 1912 leaving control of the practice to his son, Fred M. Lea, also an engineer and his long-standing principal assistant. During the inter war recession, the firm continued to design for public buildings, and in 1939, Donald Lea amalgamated the Practice with that of Edwin S. Hoare and Partners of Bristol to form Hoare Lea. Hoare Lea transitioned its legal status from a partnership to limited liability partnership (LLP) on 1 May 2016. The firm has a range of specialist teams to complement its mechanical and electrical engineering discipline. Hoare Lea has a comprehensive and structured Initial Professional Development (IPD) scheme developed for graduate engineers pursuing Chartered Engineer status. The scheme comprises on the job training as part of a design team; a twoyear lecture programme focused on technical, management and communication subjects, and construction site experience. Hoare Lea has recently established an exchange programme with a leading architectural practice in the United Kingdom. Hoare", "Jeffrey Anderson-Gunter Jeffrey Anderson-Gunter (born 17 September 1946) is a Jamaican-born actor. He was born and raised in Kingston, Jamaica. He spent his childhood like most children who weren't in the acting business. He moved to America in his early twenties. He is currently single and he has never been married, and he is years old. His professional career in the realm of acting is very broad and he has done a lot to keep the arts alive with younger generations. People tend to know of him as being a well-rounded actor. He not only continues his acting career in the current days, he also directs, and teaches children. As an actor, he has made the choice to make most of his life private, to keep his private life out of the public's hands. He attended Boston University, and studied at London's Academy of Business and Dramatic Arts. He started his career by being in a Michael Jackson music video as an extra. He was in two Broadway productions, twenty television series, and numerous movies. The most memorable show he has been in was Hudson Street; this is also what he is most famous for his acting on the television show \"Hudson Street\". Though he has been in many television shows along with movies and live shows. He is continually active with organisations dealing with sickle cell disease, he contributes to the charities dealing with this disease. He announced in May 2013, that he is working on a new film in Jamaica and he is very excited to be working on this new project. He was born 17 September 1946 in Jamaica's capital of Kingston. He spent his entire childhood in Jamaica. Jeffrey wasn't a child star, he had a fairly normal childhood. He left Jamaica and moved to the US in 1968. When he moved to America he wasn't fully immersed in the realm of acting quite yet."], "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#2", "question": "Did she have siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Lea have siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002.", "Hoare Lea Hoare Lea is a British firm of consulting engineers specialising in mechanical, electrical and environmental engineering (building services engineering). Founded in 1862, Hoare Lea has offices located in Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Leeds, London, Manchester, Oxford, Plymouth and Glasgow. It has a growing international presence. Hoare Lea was founded by Henry Lea in 1862. With an expertise spanning the mechanical and electrical disciplines, he was the first person to advertise himself as a Consulting Mechanical Engineer when he opened his office in Birmingham. Lea pioneered electrical lighting, and methods of efficient heating and air conditioning systems. In 1882, Lea supervised one of the first electrical lighting systems installed in a public building at Birmingham Town Hall. Other notable examples of Lea's work include the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, widely recognised as one of the first air conditioned buildings in the world. Lea died in 1912 leaving control of the practice to his son, Fred M. Lea, also an engineer and his long-standing principal assistant. During the inter war recession, the firm continued to design for public buildings, and in 1939, Donald Lea amalgamated the Practice with that of Edwin S. Hoare and Partners of Bristol to form Hoare Lea. Hoare Lea transitioned its legal status from a partnership to limited liability partnership (LLP) on 1 May 2016. The firm has a range of specialist teams to complement its mechanical and electrical engineering discipline. Hoare Lea has a comprehensive and structured Initial Professional Development (IPD) scheme developed for graduate engineers pursuing Chartered Engineer status. The scheme comprises on the job training as part of a design team; a twoyear lecture programme focused on technical, management and communication subjects, and construction site experience. Hoare Lea has recently established an exchange programme with a leading architectural practice in the United Kingdom. Hoare", "Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879) Luke Lea (April 12, 1879November 18, 1945) was an American attorney, politician and newspaper publisher. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917. Lea was the longtime publisher of \"The Tennessean\" newspaper in Nashville, and a United States Army veteran of World War I. In 1919 he led an unauthorized and unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the recently exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II. Lea was the son of Overton Lea and Ella (Cocke) Lea. He was born into a political family after Reconstruction and named for a paternal great-grandfather, Luke Lea, who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson , the elder Lea later became a member of the Whig Party. One of Lea's maternal great-grandfathers was William Cocke, who served in the U.S. Senate from Tennessee from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1805. Lea received his early education from tutors at home. He attended University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1899. He received a master's degree in 1900. Lea was the manager of the \"Iron Men\" of the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team, who won five road games in six days, and outscored opponents 322 to 10. Lea is credited with putting together that season's team schedule. He attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1903. Lea was admitted to the bar the same year, and began to practice in Nashville. In addition to practicing law, Lea formed a company to purchase the \"Nashville American\" newspaper. Reorganized as the \"Nashville Tennessean\", Lea served as its first editor and publisher.", "When accusations of corruption were subsequently made about the bank, Lea and his associates became the subject of rumor. Lea was indicted in North Carolina with others, including his eldest son, for bank fraud resulting from the 1930 collapse of the Central Bank and Trust Company of Asheville, North Carolina, a bank with which he had become affiliated through his connection with Caldwell & Company. Both Lea and his son were tried in North Carolina in 1931. L. E. Gwinn, a prominent Memphis attorney whose specialty was criminal law, was brought in along with other attorneys, and the detailed preparation of the North Carolina case was entrusted to him. The Leas were convicted on three of seven counts. After the Leas\u2019 appeals were exhausted and after the U.S. Supreme Court denied their petition for the writ of \"certiorari\", both Leas reported for imprisonment at Raleigh in May 1934. Lea received a parole in April 1936, and he received a full pardon in June 1937. To the end of his life, Lea maintained that he and his son were wrongly prosecuted and convicted and that the prosecution was political in nature, with Lea being made the scapegoat for the Central Bank and Trust \u2019s failure by his Republican foes in North Carolina and Tennessee. Lea died on November 18, 1945 at the Vanderbilt University Hospital in Nashville, at the age of 66. He was buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Nashville. Lea married Mary Louise Warner in 1906. They were the parents of Luke Lea Jr. and Percy Warner Lea. Mary Lea died while Luke Lea was en route to France during World War I. Lea married Percie Warner in 1920; she was the sister of his first wife. Luke and Percie Lea were the parents of Mary Louise, Laura, and Overton. They resided at 3700 Whitland Avenue in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Lea struggles to adjust to a life with temporary blindness. Sometime later, Tonyo, Lea's next-door neighbor who is also a Filipino introduces himself to her and makes an effort to cook for her and cheer her up despite being rebuffed several times. Tonyo eventually gains Lea's acquaintance and persuades her to tour with him in and around the city. The two spend most of their time traveling around tourist spots in Sapporo, with Tonyo serving as Lea's eyes through all of their moments. The eventually fall in love and make a promise to re-visit all the places they went to as soon as Lea regains her eyesight. They later celebrate a pseudo-wedding where Tonyo gives Lea a Daruma doll\u2014a Japanese doll which is believed to fulfill wishes of the person who fills out its eyes\u2014and wishes her recovery from blindness. During one of their dates, Tonyo leaves Lea by the road to fetch a stuffed toy he intended to give Lea. At this point, Lea begins to regain her sight and, for the first time sees Tonyo waving at her from the other side of the road. Tonyo, surprised and filled with joy, dashes to Lea but is hit by a vehicle and dies. After Tonyo's death, Lea visits his home, and discovers a letter he left for her. She learns that Tonyo moved from Tokyo to Sapporo, having suffered a broken heart when he was cheated on. It is then revealed that Lea had in fact met him early on. He was a drunken man who slept on the street in front of Lea's home. Lea had been consistently taking care of him, providing him with stir-fried cabbage for food and a blanket. Touched by her kindness, he vowed to better himself, and moves to a house right across from Lea's."], "answer": {"text": "brother,", "answer_start": 318}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#3", "question": "What did her parents do?", "rewrite": "What did Lea's parents do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["When accusations of corruption were subsequently made about the bank, Lea and his associates became the subject of rumor. Lea was indicted in North Carolina with others, including his eldest son, for bank fraud resulting from the 1930 collapse of the Central Bank and Trust Company of Asheville, North Carolina, a bank with which he had become affiliated through his connection with Caldwell & Company. Both Lea and his son were tried in North Carolina in 1931. L. E. Gwinn, a prominent Memphis attorney whose specialty was criminal law, was brought in along with other attorneys, and the detailed preparation of the North Carolina case was entrusted to him. The Leas were convicted on three of seven counts. After the Leas\u2019 appeals were exhausted and after the U.S. Supreme Court denied their petition for the writ of \"certiorari\", both Leas reported for imprisonment at Raleigh in May 1934. Lea received a parole in April 1936, and he received a full pardon in June 1937. To the end of his life, Lea maintained that he and his son were wrongly prosecuted and convicted and that the prosecution was political in nature, with Lea being made the scapegoat for the Central Bank and Trust \u2019s failure by his Republican foes in North Carolina and Tennessee. Lea died on November 18, 1945 at the Vanderbilt University Hospital in Nashville, at the age of 66. He was buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Nashville. Lea married Mary Louise Warner in 1906. They were the parents of Luke Lea Jr. and Percy Warner Lea. Mary Lea died while Luke Lea was en route to France during World War I. Lea married Percie Warner in 1920; she was the sister of his first wife. Luke and Percie Lea were the parents of Mary Louise, Laura, and Overton. They resided at 3700 Whitland Avenue in Nashville, Tennessee.", "Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879) Luke Lea (April 12, 1879November 18, 1945) was an American attorney, politician and newspaper publisher. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917. Lea was the longtime publisher of \"The Tennessean\" newspaper in Nashville, and a United States Army veteran of World War I. In 1919 he led an unauthorized and unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the recently exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II. Lea was the son of Overton Lea and Ella (Cocke) Lea. He was born into a political family after Reconstruction and named for a paternal great-grandfather, Luke Lea, who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson , the elder Lea later became a member of the Whig Party. One of Lea's maternal great-grandfathers was William Cocke, who served in the U.S. Senate from Tennessee from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1805. Lea received his early education from tutors at home. He attended University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1899. He received a master's degree in 1900. Lea was the manager of the \"Iron Men\" of the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team, who won five road games in six days, and outscored opponents 322 to 10. Lea is credited with putting together that season's team schedule. He attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1903. Lea was admitted to the bar the same year, and began to practice in Nashville. In addition to practicing law, Lea formed a company to purchase the \"Nashville American\" newspaper. Reorganized as the \"Nashville Tennessean\", Lea served as its first editor and publisher.", "Lea struggles to adjust to a life with temporary blindness. Sometime later, Tonyo, Lea's next-door neighbor who is also a Filipino introduces himself to her and makes an effort to cook for her and cheer her up despite being rebuffed several times. Tonyo eventually gains Lea's acquaintance and persuades her to tour with him in and around the city. The two spend most of their time traveling around tourist spots in Sapporo, with Tonyo serving as Lea's eyes through all of their moments. The eventually fall in love and make a promise to re-visit all the places they went to as soon as Lea regains her eyesight. They later celebrate a pseudo-wedding where Tonyo gives Lea a Daruma doll\u2014a Japanese doll which is believed to fulfill wishes of the person who fills out its eyes\u2014and wishes her recovery from blindness. During one of their dates, Tonyo leaves Lea by the road to fetch a stuffed toy he intended to give Lea. At this point, Lea begins to regain her sight and, for the first time sees Tonyo waving at her from the other side of the road. Tonyo, surprised and filled with joy, dashes to Lea but is hit by a vehicle and dies. After Tonyo's death, Lea visits his home, and discovers a letter he left for her. She learns that Tonyo moved from Tokyo to Sapporo, having suffered a broken heart when he was cheated on. It is then revealed that Lea had in fact met him early on. He was a drunken man who slept on the street in front of Lea's home. Lea had been consistently taking care of him, providing him with stir-fried cabbage for food and a blanket. Touched by her kindness, he vowed to better himself, and moves to a house right across from Lea's.", "Hoare Lea Hoare Lea is a British firm of consulting engineers specialising in mechanical, electrical and environmental engineering (building services engineering). Founded in 1862, Hoare Lea has offices located in Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Leeds, London, Manchester, Oxford, Plymouth and Glasgow. It has a growing international presence. Hoare Lea was founded by Henry Lea in 1862. With an expertise spanning the mechanical and electrical disciplines, he was the first person to advertise himself as a Consulting Mechanical Engineer when he opened his office in Birmingham. Lea pioneered electrical lighting, and methods of efficient heating and air conditioning systems. In 1882, Lea supervised one of the first electrical lighting systems installed in a public building at Birmingham Town Hall. Other notable examples of Lea's work include the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, widely recognised as one of the first air conditioned buildings in the world. Lea died in 1912 leaving control of the practice to his son, Fred M. Lea, also an engineer and his long-standing principal assistant. During the inter war recession, the firm continued to design for public buildings, and in 1939, Donald Lea amalgamated the Practice with that of Edwin S. Hoare and Partners of Bristol to form Hoare Lea. Hoare Lea transitioned its legal status from a partnership to limited liability partnership (LLP) on 1 May 2016. The firm has a range of specialist teams to complement its mechanical and electrical engineering discipline. Hoare Lea has a comprehensive and structured Initial Professional Development (IPD) scheme developed for graduate engineers pursuing Chartered Engineer status. The scheme comprises on the job training as part of a design team; a twoyear lecture programme focused on technical, management and communication subjects, and construction site experience. Hoare Lea has recently established an exchange programme with a leading architectural practice in the United Kingdom. Hoare", "Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002."], "answer": {"text": "Feliciano Genuino Salonga, a naval Rear admiral and shipping company owner (1929-2016), and his wife, Maria Ligaya Alcantara, nee Imutan.", "answer_start": 88}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "brother,", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#4", "question": "When did she get her start in theater?", "rewrite": "When did Lea get her start in theater?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lea struggles to adjust to a life with temporary blindness. Sometime later, Tonyo, Lea's next-door neighbor who is also a Filipino introduces himself to her and makes an effort to cook for her and cheer her up despite being rebuffed several times. Tonyo eventually gains Lea's acquaintance and persuades her to tour with him in and around the city. The two spend most of their time traveling around tourist spots in Sapporo, with Tonyo serving as Lea's eyes through all of their moments. The eventually fall in love and make a promise to re-visit all the places they went to as soon as Lea regains her eyesight. They later celebrate a pseudo-wedding where Tonyo gives Lea a Daruma doll\u2014a Japanese doll which is believed to fulfill wishes of the person who fills out its eyes\u2014and wishes her recovery from blindness. During one of their dates, Tonyo leaves Lea by the road to fetch a stuffed toy he intended to give Lea. At this point, Lea begins to regain her sight and, for the first time sees Tonyo waving at her from the other side of the road. Tonyo, surprised and filled with joy, dashes to Lea but is hit by a vehicle and dies. After Tonyo's death, Lea visits his home, and discovers a letter he left for her. She learns that Tonyo moved from Tokyo to Sapporo, having suffered a broken heart when he was cheated on. It is then revealed that Lea had in fact met him early on. He was a drunken man who slept on the street in front of Lea's home. Lea had been consistently taking care of him, providing him with stir-fried cabbage for food and a blanket. Touched by her kindness, he vowed to better himself, and moves to a house right across from Lea's.", "Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002.", "There are 15 local education authorities in the Yorkshire and Humber region. The schools in each authority are listed in the following \u2013  Schools are mostly comprehensive, with some grammar schools in North Yorkshire, Calderdale and Kirklees. There are around 235,000 at the region's secondary schools, the 4th lowest for English regions. The region has the highest overall truancy rate in England for both urban and rural areas. Inside the region for districts, Leeds has the highest rate with 6.9% persistent truants at secondary school, then Hull is second with 6.3%. Calderdale has the lowest truancy rate for unitary authorities, almost half that of Leeds, followed by North Lincolnshire. For districts Craven has the lowest rate. The schools in Hull have often performed among the worst (on average) in England at GCSE after Knowsley in Merseyside. To Hull's credit, three schools in its LEA get above-average GCSE results whereas Knowsley usually has none (it managed two in 2010). Also at GCSE, schools in Barnsley and Bradford have low-achieving results with Barnsley the worst of these, and the lowest in the region in 2010. All three of these areas coincidentally have an above-average teenage pregnancy problem. In past years, Doncaster would be included in this group, but has managed to perform much better. For the metropolitan areas, Calderdale and Wakefield consistently perform the best, with both above the England average. Rotherham usually has the best results in South Yorkshire, but in 2010 it was Doncaster. York and North Yorkshire consistently perform the best at GCSE in the region, and with the East Riding of Yorkshire have results above the UK average. Schoolchildren in Kingston upon Hull are most likely not to pass any GCSEs \u2013 over 6% with Bradford having a similar proportion, closely followed by Sheffield and North East Lincolnshire.", "Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879) Luke Lea (April 12, 1879November 18, 1945) was an American attorney, politician and newspaper publisher. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917. Lea was the longtime publisher of \"The Tennessean\" newspaper in Nashville, and a United States Army veteran of World War I. In 1919 he led an unauthorized and unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the recently exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II. Lea was the son of Overton Lea and Ella (Cocke) Lea. He was born into a political family after Reconstruction and named for a paternal great-grandfather, Luke Lea, who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson , the elder Lea later became a member of the Whig Party. One of Lea's maternal great-grandfathers was William Cocke, who served in the U.S. Senate from Tennessee from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1805. Lea received his early education from tutors at home. He attended University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1899. He received a master's degree in 1900. Lea was the manager of the \"Iron Men\" of the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team, who won five road games in six days, and outscored opponents 322 to 10. Lea is credited with putting together that season's team schedule. He attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1903. Lea was admitted to the bar the same year, and began to practice in Nashville. In addition to practicing law, Lea formed a company to purchase the \"Nashville American\" newspaper. Reorganized as the \"Nashville Tennessean\", Lea served as its first editor and publisher.", "In 1970 Ambrose Slade adopted a skinhead image and changed their name to Slade. Following their first chart entry with \"Get Down and Get With It\" in 1970, Chandler encouraged the band to write their own material, and the song-writing partnership of Lea and Holder commenced. In most cases Lea wrote the melodies, and Holder concentrated on the lyrics. On the follow-up to \"Get Down and Get With It, \"Coz I Luv You,\" Lea played violin. Lea was the most trained musician in Slade. In 1979 Lea formed Cheapskate Records with his brother Frank and made records under the name of The Dummies. In 1981 Lea began record production and produced some of Slade's recordings. Following their first chart success in America, Slade were to tour the USA with Ozzy Osbourne. Lea fell ill after only one gig with Osbourne, the band returned home and the original line-up with Lea and Holder would never formally play live again. In a Q&A session for his official website in March 2017, Lea commented: \"Over the last 6 months I've come to regret not going back to the States after I was ill in 1984. We did one gig with Ozzy and that was it. We should have gone back!!!!! The emergence of MTV would have made a huge difference.\" In a Q&A session for his official website in March 2017, Lea disclosed his three favourite Slade songs were \"How Does It Feel\", \"Far Far Away\", and \"Coz I Luv You\". He also identified \"When the Lights Are Out\" from \"Old New Borrowed and Blue\" as an album track he would have liked to have seen released as a Slade single. Slade's lack of success during the late 1970s led Lea to wonder if their material would be better received if recorded by another band."], "answer": {"text": "She made her professional debut in 1978 at the age of seven in the musical The King and I with Repertory Philippines.", "answer_start": 359}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "brother,", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did her parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Feliciano Genuino Salonga, a naval Rear admiral and shipping company owner (1929-2016), and his wife, Maria Ligaya Alcantara, nee Imutan.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#5", "question": "What did she do after that?", "rewrite": "What did Lea do after her debut?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Lea Joe Lea (born 16 December 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays for Gosport Borough, as a midfielder. Born in Portsmouth, Lea signed for his local side Portsmouth as a youngster before moving to south-coast rivals Southampton at the age of 9. Lea spent nine years in the Southampton youth academy before being released upon the completion of his two-year scholarship. Upon his release from Southampton, Lea joined Yeovil Town on 2 July 2016, alongside Josh Ezewele from West Bromwich Albion. He made his professional debut on 23 August 2016 as a substitute in a League Cup match at Everton. On 15 October 2016, Lea joined Southern Premier League side Dorchester Town on an initial one-month loan deal, and Lea made his debut for Dorchester that afternoon as a second-half substitute against Dunstable Town. In January 2017, Lea joined National League South side Gosport Borough on loan until the end of the season. At the end of the 2016\u201317 season, Lea was released by Yeovil having only made two appearances for the club. After a successful trial, Lea signed for newly promoted National League South club Bognor Regis Town in July 2017. Lea signed for Gosport Borough on 18 January 2018.", "Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002.", "Hoare Lea Hoare Lea is a British firm of consulting engineers specialising in mechanical, electrical and environmental engineering (building services engineering). Founded in 1862, Hoare Lea has offices located in Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Leeds, London, Manchester, Oxford, Plymouth and Glasgow. It has a growing international presence. Hoare Lea was founded by Henry Lea in 1862. With an expertise spanning the mechanical and electrical disciplines, he was the first person to advertise himself as a Consulting Mechanical Engineer when he opened his office in Birmingham. Lea pioneered electrical lighting, and methods of efficient heating and air conditioning systems. In 1882, Lea supervised one of the first electrical lighting systems installed in a public building at Birmingham Town Hall. Other notable examples of Lea's work include the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, widely recognised as one of the first air conditioned buildings in the world. Lea died in 1912 leaving control of the practice to his son, Fred M. Lea, also an engineer and his long-standing principal assistant. During the inter war recession, the firm continued to design for public buildings, and in 1939, Donald Lea amalgamated the Practice with that of Edwin S. Hoare and Partners of Bristol to form Hoare Lea. Hoare Lea transitioned its legal status from a partnership to limited liability partnership (LLP) on 1 May 2016. The firm has a range of specialist teams to complement its mechanical and electrical engineering discipline. Hoare Lea has a comprehensive and structured Initial Professional Development (IPD) scheme developed for graduate engineers pursuing Chartered Engineer status. The scheme comprises on the job training as part of a design team; a twoyear lecture programme focused on technical, management and communication subjects, and construction site experience. Hoare Lea has recently established an exchange programme with a leading architectural practice in the United Kingdom. Hoare", "Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879) Luke Lea (April 12, 1879November 18, 1945) was an American attorney, politician and newspaper publisher. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917. Lea was the longtime publisher of \"The Tennessean\" newspaper in Nashville, and a United States Army veteran of World War I. In 1919 he led an unauthorized and unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the recently exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II. Lea was the son of Overton Lea and Ella (Cocke) Lea. He was born into a political family after Reconstruction and named for a paternal great-grandfather, Luke Lea, who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson , the elder Lea later became a member of the Whig Party. One of Lea's maternal great-grandfathers was William Cocke, who served in the U.S. Senate from Tennessee from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1805. Lea received his early education from tutors at home. He attended University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1899. He received a master's degree in 1900. Lea was the manager of the \"Iron Men\" of the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team, who won five road games in six days, and outscored opponents 322 to 10. Lea is credited with putting together that season's team schedule. He attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1903. Lea was admitted to the bar the same year, and began to practice in Nashville. In addition to practicing law, Lea formed a company to purchase the \"Nashville American\" newspaper. Reorganized as the \"Nashville Tennessean\", Lea served as its first editor and publisher.", "Lea struggles to adjust to a life with temporary blindness. Sometime later, Tonyo, Lea's next-door neighbor who is also a Filipino introduces himself to her and makes an effort to cook for her and cheer her up despite being rebuffed several times. Tonyo eventually gains Lea's acquaintance and persuades her to tour with him in and around the city. The two spend most of their time traveling around tourist spots in Sapporo, with Tonyo serving as Lea's eyes through all of their moments. The eventually fall in love and make a promise to re-visit all the places they went to as soon as Lea regains her eyesight. They later celebrate a pseudo-wedding where Tonyo gives Lea a Daruma doll\u2014a Japanese doll which is believed to fulfill wishes of the person who fills out its eyes\u2014and wishes her recovery from blindness. During one of their dates, Tonyo leaves Lea by the road to fetch a stuffed toy he intended to give Lea. At this point, Lea begins to regain her sight and, for the first time sees Tonyo waving at her from the other side of the road. Tonyo, surprised and filled with joy, dashes to Lea but is hit by a vehicle and dies. After Tonyo's death, Lea visits his home, and discovers a letter he left for her. She learns that Tonyo moved from Tokyo to Sapporo, having suffered a broken heart when he was cheated on. It is then revealed that Lea had in fact met him early on. He was a drunken man who slept on the street in front of Lea's home. Lea had been consistently taking care of him, providing him with stir-fried cabbage for food and a blanket. Touched by her kindness, he vowed to better himself, and moves to a house right across from Lea's."], "answer": {"text": "She played the title role in Annie in 1980 and appeared in other productions such as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Fiddler on the Roof,", "answer_start": 477}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "brother,", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did her parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Feliciano Genuino Salonga, a naval Rear admiral and shipping company owner (1929-2016), and his wife, Maria Ligaya Alcantara, nee Imutan.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get her start in theater?", "answer": {"text": "She made her professional debut in 1978 at the age of seven in the musical The King and I with Repertory Philippines.", "answer_start": 359, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#6", "question": "Did she win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Lea win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Hoare Lea Hoare Lea is a British firm of consulting engineers specialising in mechanical, electrical and environmental engineering (building services engineering). Founded in 1862, Hoare Lea has offices located in Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Leeds, London, Manchester, Oxford, Plymouth and Glasgow. It has a growing international presence. Hoare Lea was founded by Henry Lea in 1862. With an expertise spanning the mechanical and electrical disciplines, he was the first person to advertise himself as a Consulting Mechanical Engineer when he opened his office in Birmingham. Lea pioneered electrical lighting, and methods of efficient heating and air conditioning systems. In 1882, Lea supervised one of the first electrical lighting systems installed in a public building at Birmingham Town Hall. Other notable examples of Lea's work include the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, widely recognised as one of the first air conditioned buildings in the world. Lea died in 1912 leaving control of the practice to his son, Fred M. Lea, also an engineer and his long-standing principal assistant. During the inter war recession, the firm continued to design for public buildings, and in 1939, Donald Lea amalgamated the Practice with that of Edwin S. Hoare and Partners of Bristol to form Hoare Lea. Hoare Lea transitioned its legal status from a partnership to limited liability partnership (LLP) on 1 May 2016. The firm has a range of specialist teams to complement its mechanical and electrical engineering discipline. Hoare Lea has a comprehensive and structured Initial Professional Development (IPD) scheme developed for graduate engineers pursuing Chartered Engineer status. The scheme comprises on the job training as part of a design team; a twoyear lecture programme focused on technical, management and communication subjects, and construction site experience. Hoare Lea has recently established an exchange programme with a leading architectural practice in the United Kingdom. Hoare", "Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879) Luke Lea (April 12, 1879November 18, 1945) was an American attorney, politician and newspaper publisher. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917. Lea was the longtime publisher of \"The Tennessean\" newspaper in Nashville, and a United States Army veteran of World War I. In 1919 he led an unauthorized and unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the recently exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II. Lea was the son of Overton Lea and Ella (Cocke) Lea. He was born into a political family after Reconstruction and named for a paternal great-grandfather, Luke Lea, who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson , the elder Lea later became a member of the Whig Party. One of Lea's maternal great-grandfathers was William Cocke, who served in the U.S. Senate from Tennessee from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1805. Lea received his early education from tutors at home. He attended University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1899. He received a master's degree in 1900. Lea was the manager of the \"Iron Men\" of the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team, who won five road games in six days, and outscored opponents 322 to 10. Lea is credited with putting together that season's team schedule. He attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1903. Lea was admitted to the bar the same year, and began to practice in Nashville. In addition to practicing law, Lea formed a company to purchase the \"Nashville American\" newspaper. Reorganized as the \"Nashville Tennessean\", Lea served as its first editor and publisher.", "Lea struggles to adjust to a life with temporary blindness. Sometime later, Tonyo, Lea's next-door neighbor who is also a Filipino introduces himself to her and makes an effort to cook for her and cheer her up despite being rebuffed several times. Tonyo eventually gains Lea's acquaintance and persuades her to tour with him in and around the city. The two spend most of their time traveling around tourist spots in Sapporo, with Tonyo serving as Lea's eyes through all of their moments. The eventually fall in love and make a promise to re-visit all the places they went to as soon as Lea regains her eyesight. They later celebrate a pseudo-wedding where Tonyo gives Lea a Daruma doll\u2014a Japanese doll which is believed to fulfill wishes of the person who fills out its eyes\u2014and wishes her recovery from blindness. During one of their dates, Tonyo leaves Lea by the road to fetch a stuffed toy he intended to give Lea. At this point, Lea begins to regain her sight and, for the first time sees Tonyo waving at her from the other side of the road. Tonyo, surprised and filled with joy, dashes to Lea but is hit by a vehicle and dies. After Tonyo's death, Lea visits his home, and discovers a letter he left for her. She learns that Tonyo moved from Tokyo to Sapporo, having suffered a broken heart when he was cheated on. It is then revealed that Lea had in fact met him early on. He was a drunken man who slept on the street in front of Lea's home. Lea had been consistently taking care of him, providing him with stir-fried cabbage for food and a blanket. Touched by her kindness, he vowed to better himself, and moves to a house right across from Lea's.", "Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002.", ", Genesis Awards have featured such celebrity presenters as James Stewart, Jack Lemmon, Milton Berle, Christian Bale, Sidney Poitier, Carl Reiner, Daryl Hannah, Kristen Bell, Pierce Brosnan, James Cromwell, Zooey Deschanel, Emily Deschanel, Melanie Griffith, Teri Hatcher, Isabella Rossellini, Martin Sheen, Kaley Cuoco, Nicollette Sheridan, Alicia Silverstone, Kelsey Grammer, Deepak Chopra, Kim Cattrall, Peter Falk, Walter Matthau, and Kermit the Frog. The Genesis Awards is taped for broadcast. The awards ceremony has been held at both the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills and the Century Plaza Hotel in Century City. Through the years it has aired on the Discovery Channel, American Life Network and Animal Planet. Sponsors for the Genesis Awards have included Warner Bros., Gardein, One Car One Difference, Honda, Bank of America, HBO, Market Development Group Incorporated and more. 1986 Genesis Awards 1987 Genesis Awards 1988 Genesis Awards 1990 Genesis Awards 1991 Genesis Awards 1992 Genesis Awards 1993 Genesis Awards  1994 Genesis Awards 1995 Genesis Awards 1996 Genesis Awards 1997 Genesis Awards \"In Appreciation of Your Words, Your Wisdom and for Helping Develop the Soul of the Ark Trust\" 1998 Genesis Awards 1999 Genesis Awards 2000 Genesis Awards 2001 Genesis Awards 2002 Genesis Awards Winners 2003 Genesis Awards 2004 Genesis Awards Winners 2005 Genesis Awards Winners 2006 Genesis Awards 2007 Genesis Awards 2008 Genesis Awards 2009 Genesis Awards 2010 Genesis Awards 2011 Genesis Awards 2012 Genesis Awards 2013 Genesis Awards"], "answer": {"text": "Salonga received a Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) award nomination for Best Child Actress, and three Aliw Awards for best child performer", "answer_start": 22}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "brother,", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did her parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Feliciano Genuino Salonga, a naval Rear admiral and shipping company owner (1929-2016), and his wife, Maria Ligaya Alcantara, nee Imutan.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get her start in theater?", "answer": {"text": "She made her professional debut in 1978 at the age of seven in the musical The King and I with Repertory Philippines.", "answer_start": 359, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do after that?", "answer": {"text": "She played the title role in Annie in 1980 and appeared in other productions such as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Fiddler on the Roof,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#7", "question": "Did she ever go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Lea ever go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Don't Ever Go Away (Por Causa de Voc\u00ea) \"Don't Ever Go Away (Por Causa de Voc\u00ea)\" aka \"Por Causa de Voc\u00ea (Because of You)\" is a bossa nova song composed in 1957 by Ant\u00f4nio Carlos Jobim, with original lyrics by Dolores Duran. English lyrics were later added by Ray Gilbert. A version in French was written by Serge Rohde. Bossa nova historian Ruy Castro relates a story of how Jobim and Duran wrote the song: \"The two of them had met by chance at R\u00e1dio Nacional, and Jobim had shown her the song, which didn't yet have any lyrics-- Vin\u00edcius de Moraes was supposed to be taking care of that. When Dolores heard the music, she took her eyebrow pencil out of her pocket, rapidly scribbled a few lines on a paper napkin, and showed them to Jobim. He liked them and sighed: 'What do you think this music would sound like with Sinatra?'\" As it turned out, Frank Sinatra recorded the song with Jobim in 1969, under the title \"Don't Ever Go Away (Por Causa de Voc\u00ea), which appeared on his album \"Sinatra & Company\" (1971). The first recording of the song was in 1957 by Sylvia Telles. In 1960, she recorded the first version in French as \"Gardez Moi Pour Toujours.\"", "Havana Daydreamin' Havana Daydreamin' is the sixth studio album by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett and his fourth regular major label album. It was produced by Don Gant and released on January 1, 1976 on ABC ABCD-914 and January 28, 1987 on ABC Dunhill's successor label MCA. The album's name was originally to have been \"Kick It in Second Wind\" and was to have included the songs \"Please Take Your Drunken 15 Year Old Girlfriend Home,\" \"Train to Dixieland,\" and \"Wonder Why You Ever Go Home\" as well as a different version of \"Kick It in Second Wind.\" Instead, these songs were replaced with \"Woman Goin' Crazy on Caroline Street\", \"Havana Daydreamin'\", and \"Cliches.\" \"Wonder Why You Ever Go Home\" was rewritten and rerecorded as \"Wonder Why We Ever Go Home\" for release on Buffett's next album \"Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes\". Several rare versions of this album exist or are rumored to. These have altered song ordering and contain two songs that were deleted from the final release: \"Please Take Your Drunken 15 Year Old Girlfriend Home\" and \"Train to Dixieland.\" A third song that is rumored to exist, \"We've Been Taken to the Cleaners (and I Already Had my Shirts Done),\" is likely apocryphal, as no known recording of it exists whereas the other two tracks are fairly easy to find in Buffett trading circles. Most of the songs on the album were written or co-written by Buffett, two with his future wife, Jane Slagsvol.", "Rancho Deluxe (soundtrack)  Rancho Deluxe is the soundtrack from the film \"Rancho Deluxe\" starring Jeff Bridges and Sam Waterston. It is the sixth album by American singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett. It was initially released in 1975 as United Artists Records UA 466G and later re-released on labels licensed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (who owns the soundtrack's rights) including Capitol and Rykodisc. The 1998 Rykodisc re-release of \"Rancho Deluxe\" includes four tracks of movie dialogue that were not present on the original soundtrack. The soundtrack album contains songs and instrumental incidental music, all written by Buffett. \" Wonder Why We Ever Go Home\" and \"Livingston Saturday Night\" were subsequently re-recorded by Buffett and released on \"Changes in Latitudes, Changes in Attitudes\" and \"Son of a Son of a Sailor\" respectively. Both of the remakes are significantly different than the \"Rancho Deluxe\" originals. \" Livingston Saturday Night\" is a monaural recording and has significant lyrical changes (e.g., \"sixteen may get you twenty\" becomes \"fifteen may get you twenty\") and \"Wonder Why We Ever Go Home\" is extended to become a full-length song. Unlike the music of his previous three albums, \"Rancho Deluxe\" is a heavily country album with none of the \"gulf and western\" feel that has typified most of Buffett's career. It is his only album that contains a song that Buffett himself does not sing on, \"Left Me with A Nail to Drive\" with vocals by Coral Reefer Band member Roger Bartlett. There were no singles released from the album. A one sided 33 rpm 7\" Radio Spots record was released by United Artists UAC 222 to advertise the movie. The advertisement jingle was not by Jimmy Buffett. Side One: Side Two:", "Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002.", "If I Ever Go Crazy \"If I Ever Go Crazy\" is a song recorded by American country music group The Shooters. It was released in February 1989 as the second single from their album \"Solid as a Rock\". The song peaked at number 17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart and reached number 21 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada."], "answer": {"text": "She also attended the University of the Philippines College of Music's extension program aimed at training musically talented children in music and stage movement.", "answer_start": 604}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "brother,", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did her parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Feliciano Genuino Salonga, a naval Rear admiral and shipping company owner (1929-2016), and his wife, Maria Ligaya Alcantara, nee Imutan.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get her start in theater?", "answer": {"text": "She made her professional debut in 1978 at the age of seven in the musical The King and I with Repertory Philippines.", "answer_start": 359, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do after that?", "answer": {"text": "She played the title role in Annie in 1980 and appeared in other productions such as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Fiddler on the Roof,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "Salonga received a Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) award nomination for Best Child Actress, and three Aliw Awards for best child performer", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9b2f062c2492418abaa56a510248f79b_1_q#8", "question": "Did she ever tour?", "rewrite": "Did Lea ever tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lea, Lancashire  Lea ( ), Cottam, and Lea Town are villages in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. Together they form the civil parish of Lea, which has a population of 5,962. In 2011, the population increased to 6157. The area is an electoral ward with Preston, represented by three councillors; the area is part of Fylde constituency. Lea and Cottam form Lea Ward of Preston City council, currently represented by three Conservative councillors, and together with Ingol forms Preston West division of Lancashire County Council, represented by one councillor, currently a Liberal Democrat The area is represented by Lea and Cottam Parish Council. Cottam is a former farming community now almost entirely consisting of new build housing. Lea is also the name given to two areas of the western extremities of Preston; Lea Town (a village, despite its name) on the Fylde border, which had a population of 291 in 2011, and the suburban sprawl of Lea along the Blackpool Road through the city. Lea Town and Lea were called English Lea and French Lea in the 11th to 13th centuries; \"French\" because there was a Norman landowner. From the last census, in 2001, over 83% of the population regarded themselves as Christian, whilst the figure of 11.5% for retired people is one of the highest in the city. There are several churches in Lea including Lea Methodist and St. Christopher's. St. Christopher's is home to \"2nd Lea Scout Group\". The parish of Lea was formed on 1 April 1934 from part of the former parish of Lea Ashton Ingol and Cottam, which was formed in 1866. Lea parish was part of Preston Rural District until its abolition in 1974. In 1974 the parish became part of the Borough of Preston, which became a city in 2002.", "Hoare Lea Hoare Lea is a British firm of consulting engineers specialising in mechanical, electrical and environmental engineering (building services engineering). Founded in 1862, Hoare Lea has offices located in Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Leeds, London, Manchester, Oxford, Plymouth and Glasgow. It has a growing international presence. Hoare Lea was founded by Henry Lea in 1862. With an expertise spanning the mechanical and electrical disciplines, he was the first person to advertise himself as a Consulting Mechanical Engineer when he opened his office in Birmingham. Lea pioneered electrical lighting, and methods of efficient heating and air conditioning systems. In 1882, Lea supervised one of the first electrical lighting systems installed in a public building at Birmingham Town Hall. Other notable examples of Lea's work include the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, widely recognised as one of the first air conditioned buildings in the world. Lea died in 1912 leaving control of the practice to his son, Fred M. Lea, also an engineer and his long-standing principal assistant. During the inter war recession, the firm continued to design for public buildings, and in 1939, Donald Lea amalgamated the Practice with that of Edwin S. Hoare and Partners of Bristol to form Hoare Lea. Hoare Lea transitioned its legal status from a partnership to limited liability partnership (LLP) on 1 May 2016. The firm has a range of specialist teams to complement its mechanical and electrical engineering discipline. Hoare Lea has a comprehensive and structured Initial Professional Development (IPD) scheme developed for graduate engineers pursuing Chartered Engineer status. The scheme comprises on the job training as part of a design team; a twoyear lecture programme focused on technical, management and communication subjects, and construction site experience. Hoare Lea has recently established an exchange programme with a leading architectural practice in the United Kingdom. Hoare", "It's claimed; the wide diversity in the album attracted the broad interest in media and public. The album was recorded in three separate studios, one of which is the famous Nott-in-Pill Studios in Newport, with ex-Skindred duo Jeff and Ginge. The album's release was promoted by a succession of videos and singles and accompanying videos: \"Icon\", \"Solitaire\", \"Passes II\", and \"Electric Medicine\". The videos were directed and edited by Lewis with chosen production teams. He noted the \"Electric Medicine\" video as his proudest achievement to date, both on and off the screen. In September and December 2011, Gary Numan confirmed Jayce as main support on his \"Dead Son Rising\" UK tour, covering 12 shows across the country. In an online interview, Numan hailed Lewis to being one of the best supporting acts to ever tour with him. Numan documented the \"DSR\" tour in a published diary, praising Jayce further. Numan publicly invited Lewis to tour America together in 2012. Later, in 2014, both Numan collaborated with Lewis on \"Redesign\", which featured on Lewis's \"Nemesis\" album (under the project name Protafield). Both Numan and Lewis toured once again later in 2017, confirming Lewis as main support for Gary Numan's UK and European leg of the Savage (Songs from a Broken World) tour promoting his 18th studio solo album. To date, Jayce Lewis is the only live act to have ever tour with Gary Numan twice. Appearing in an interview on Sky TV's \"The Moore Show\", Lewis discussed working on second album, although not naming the title; he described as \"a huge step forwards\" from the first release.", "Luke Lea (American politician, born 1879) Luke Lea (April 12, 1879November 18, 1945) was an American attorney, politician and newspaper publisher. A Democrat, he was most notable for his service as a United States Senator from Tennessee from 1911 to 1917. Lea was the longtime publisher of \"The Tennessean\" newspaper in Nashville, and a United States Army veteran of World War I. In 1919 he led an unauthorized and unsuccessful attempt to kidnap the recently exiled German Kaiser Wilhelm II. Lea was the son of Overton Lea and Ella (Cocke) Lea. He was born into a political family after Reconstruction and named for a paternal great-grandfather, Luke Lea, who was a two-term Congressman from Tennessee in the 1830s. Initially an ardent supporter of Democrat Andrew Jackson , the elder Lea later became a member of the Whig Party. One of Lea's maternal great-grandfathers was William Cocke, who served in the U.S. Senate from Tennessee from 1796 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1805. Lea received his early education from tutors at home. He attended University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1899. He received a master's degree in 1900. Lea was the manager of the \"Iron Men\" of the 1899 Sewanee Tigers football team, who won five road games in six days, and outscored opponents 322 to 10. Lea is credited with putting together that season's team schedule. He attended the Columbia Law School in New York City, from which he graduated in 1903. Lea was admitted to the bar the same year, and began to practice in Nashville. In addition to practicing law, Lea formed a company to purchase the \"Nashville American\" newspaper. Reorganized as the \"Nashville Tennessean\", Lea served as its first editor and publisher.", "Lea struggles to adjust to a life with temporary blindness. Sometime later, Tonyo, Lea's next-door neighbor who is also a Filipino introduces himself to her and makes an effort to cook for her and cheer her up despite being rebuffed several times. Tonyo eventually gains Lea's acquaintance and persuades her to tour with him in and around the city. The two spend most of their time traveling around tourist spots in Sapporo, with Tonyo serving as Lea's eyes through all of their moments. The eventually fall in love and make a promise to re-visit all the places they went to as soon as Lea regains her eyesight. They later celebrate a pseudo-wedding where Tonyo gives Lea a Daruma doll\u2014a Japanese doll which is believed to fulfill wishes of the person who fills out its eyes\u2014and wishes her recovery from blindness. During one of their dates, Tonyo leaves Lea by the road to fetch a stuffed toy he intended to give Lea. At this point, Lea begins to regain her sight and, for the first time sees Tonyo waving at her from the other side of the road. Tonyo, surprised and filled with joy, dashes to Lea but is hit by a vehicle and dies. After Tonyo's death, Lea visits his home, and discovers a letter he left for her. She learns that Tonyo moved from Tokyo to Sapporo, having suffered a broken heart when he was cheated on. It is then revealed that Lea had in fact met him early on. He was a drunken man who slept on the street in front of Lea's home. Lea had been consistently taking care of him, providing him with stir-fried cabbage for food and a blanket. Touched by her kindness, he vowed to better himself, and moves to a house right across from Lea's."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Salonga born?", "answer": {"text": "Medical Center Manila in Ermita, Manila,", "answer_start": 44, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her childhood like?", "answer": {"text": "She spent the first six years of her childhood in Angeles City before moving to Manila.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "brother,", "answer_start": 318, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did her parents do?", "answer": {"text": "Feliciano Genuino Salonga, a naval Rear admiral and shipping company owner (1929-2016), and his wife, Maria Ligaya Alcantara, nee Imutan.", "answer_start": 88, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get her start in theater?", "answer": {"text": "She made her professional debut in 1978 at the age of seven in the musical The King and I with Repertory Philippines.", "answer_start": 359, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do after that?", "answer": {"text": "She played the title role in Annie in 1980 and appeared in other productions such as Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Fiddler on the Roof,", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "Salonga received a Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS) award nomination for Best Child Actress, and three Aliw Awards for best child performer", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she ever go to college?", "answer": {"text": "She also attended the University of the Philippines College of Music's extension program aimed at training musically talented children in music and stage movement.", "answer_start": 604, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f36a7125118b479ebf442f8831306360_1_q#0", "question": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "rewrite": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lew Wallace High School Lew Wallace High School was a four-year (9-12) public high school of the Gary Community School Corporation in Gary, Indiana, United States. The faculty included nearly 65 teachers. In 1926 the 45th Avenue School of Gary, Indiana was officially named Lew Wallace High School named after Lew Wallace. Wallace was a native to Indiana who served as a United States general during the American Civil War, as the governor of the New Mexico Territory, the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and as the author of \"Ben Hur. \" The \"A and B wings\" of Lew Wallace were constructed in 1933. The most recent addition includes the Richard Polk Gymnasium, which was opened in 1972. During a period of time, the school served K-12 students. The school offered community recreation programs on weekends. As of 2014, the school was formally known as Lew Wallace Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) Academy. Athletic programs included baseball, basketball, football, and track. On Tuesday, June 3, 2014, the Gary School Board voted 4-2 to close Lew Wallace, along with 5 other schools. The building was reported to need $2.8 million of repairs. As of 2015, one year after closure, the building was reported to be in worsening condition.", "General Lew Wallace Study The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and in 2008 was awarded a National Medal from the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District. The museum is associated with the life of Lew Wallace and his novel \"\". The study, designed by Wallace, and accompanying carriage house are the only structures pertaining to Lew Wallace that have retained historical integrity. Both of these buildings now make up the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "George Francis McGinnis George Francis McGinnins (March 19, 1826 \u2013 May 29, 1910) was a volunteer soldier during the Mexican\u2013American War and a Union General during the American Civil War. McGinnis was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother died when he was an infant and he lived with his aunt for a time. At age 11 he and his father moved to Ohio where his father became a hatter. It was during his time in Ohio that war with Mexico broke out and George volunteered his services. Commissioned as a lieutenant in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, he was mustered out of the volunteers with the rank of captain in 1847; and returned to Ohio to take up hatting. Immediately after the Civil War began, McGinnis volunteered for service in the 11th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment being raised by Col. Lew Wallace for 3 month service. Within a month he rose from private to captain and then, on April 25, lieutenant colonel. McGinnis and the 11th Indiana took part in Wallace's raid on Romney, West Virginia, on June 13, 1861. The 3-month enlistment ran out, but the regiment was re-mustered, and on August 31, 1861, McGinnis was again made lieutenant colonel with Wallace as colonel. Due to the style of training, the regiment became known as \"Wallace's Zouaves\". On September 3, Wallace was promoted to brigadier general and McGinnis became colonel of the regiment. McGinnis led the regiment during the capture of Fort Henry and then overland toward Fort Donelson. During the Battle of Fort Donelson, his regiment was temporarily attached to Lew Wallace's division and fought in the counterattack on the Union right. He received the praise of Lew Wallace for his actions that battle. McGinnis also led his regiment in the following battles of Shiloh and Corinth.", "Susan Wallace Susan Arnold Elston Wallace (December 25, 1830 \u2013 October 1, 1907) was an American author and poet from Crawfordsville, Indiana. In addition to writing travel articles for several American magazines and newspapers, Wallace published six books, five of which contain collected essays from her travels in the New Mexico Territory, Europe, and the Middle East in the 1880s: \"The Land of the Pueblos\" (1888), \"The Storied Sea\" (1883), \"The Repose in Egypt: A Medley\" (1888), \"Along the Bosphorus, and Other Sketches\" (1898), and \"The City of the King: What the Child Jesus Saw and Heard\" (1903). She was also the wife of Lew Wallace, a lawyer, American Civil War general, politician, author and diplomat. Susan completed the manuscript of Lew Wallace's two-volume autobiography following his death in 1905, with the assistance of Mary Hannah Krout, another Crawfordsville author. Wallace died in Crawfordsville in 1907. Susan Arnold Elston was born on December 25, 1830 in Crawfordsville, Indiana. She was the third daughter, the fourth of nine children, born to wealthy and influential parents, Isaac Compton, a Crawfordsville dry goods merchant, and Maria Eveline (Akin) Elston, whose family were Quakers from upstate New York. Susan was educated at home in Crawfordsville and at Dr. Gibbons' Friends' Boarding School in Poughkeepsie, New York. While at boarding school, she studied literature, geometry, and writing, but preferred music, especially playing guitar and piano. Susan married Lew Wallace on May 6, 1852. The couple first met in 1848 at the home of Joanna and Henry Smith Lane in Crawfordsville.", "Branden Dawson Branden James Dawson (born February 1, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Sun Rockers Shibuya of Japan's B.League. A native of Gary, Indiana, he attended Lew Wallace High School and played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. In his senior season for Michigan State, he helped his team reach the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Dawson played high school basketball for Lew Wallace, under coach Renaldo Thomas. He had to sit out most of his freshman season, being academically ineligible. Dawson was selected for the 2011 McDonald's All-American Boys Game following his senior year. In his senior season, Dawson helped his team win the sectional championship; scoring a team-high 13 points, also adding 8 rebounds and 6 steals to his numbers, he helped his Lew Wallace get past Clark. In the regional finals against Western, Dawson had game-highs in scoring and rebounding with 28 and 15 respectively, but his team lost 69\u201365. As a senior, he averaged 28.7 points, 18.6 rebounds and 5.6 assists for Lew Wallace. Dawson was a five-star recruit according to both Rivals.com and Scout.com and received a 96 grade by ESPN. Following interest from several schools, receiving offers from Purdue, Indiana, UCLA, Georgetown and Marquette among others, Dawson verbally committed to Michigan State in August 2010. He had 15 points and 9 rebounds in his first game for the Spartans, an exhibition 85\u201357 win against Ferris State. Dawson scored 10 points in his competitive debut for Michigan State, a 67\u201355 loss to North Carolina in the 2011 Carrier Classic. He scored a season high 16 points on two occasions, against UMKC and Minnesota. His freshman season came to an end after he tore his left anterior cruciate ligament, in a game against Ohio State."], "answer": {"text": "In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834.", "answer_start": 579}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f36a7125118b479ebf442f8831306360_1_q#1", "question": "What happened to him after she died?", "rewrite": "What happened to Lew Wallace after his mother's death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Branden Dawson Branden James Dawson (born February 1, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Sun Rockers Shibuya of Japan's B.League. A native of Gary, Indiana, he attended Lew Wallace High School and played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. In his senior season for Michigan State, he helped his team reach the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Dawson played high school basketball for Lew Wallace, under coach Renaldo Thomas. He had to sit out most of his freshman season, being academically ineligible. Dawson was selected for the 2011 McDonald's All-American Boys Game following his senior year. In his senior season, Dawson helped his team win the sectional championship; scoring a team-high 13 points, also adding 8 rebounds and 6 steals to his numbers, he helped his Lew Wallace get past Clark. In the regional finals against Western, Dawson had game-highs in scoring and rebounding with 28 and 15 respectively, but his team lost 69\u201365. As a senior, he averaged 28.7 points, 18.6 rebounds and 5.6 assists for Lew Wallace. Dawson was a five-star recruit according to both Rivals.com and Scout.com and received a 96 grade by ESPN. Following interest from several schools, receiving offers from Purdue, Indiana, UCLA, Georgetown and Marquette among others, Dawson verbally committed to Michigan State in August 2010. He had 15 points and 9 rebounds in his first game for the Spartans, an exhibition 85\u201357 win against Ferris State. Dawson scored 10 points in his competitive debut for Michigan State, a 67\u201355 loss to North Carolina in the 2011 Carrier Classic. He scored a season high 16 points on two occasions, against UMKC and Minnesota. His freshman season came to an end after he tore his left anterior cruciate ligament, in a game against Ohio State.", "Lew Wallace High School Lew Wallace High School was a four-year (9-12) public high school of the Gary Community School Corporation in Gary, Indiana, United States. The faculty included nearly 65 teachers. In 1926 the 45th Avenue School of Gary, Indiana was officially named Lew Wallace High School named after Lew Wallace. Wallace was a native to Indiana who served as a United States general during the American Civil War, as the governor of the New Mexico Territory, the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and as the author of \"Ben Hur. \" The \"A and B wings\" of Lew Wallace were constructed in 1933. The most recent addition includes the Richard Polk Gymnasium, which was opened in 1972. During a period of time, the school served K-12 students. The school offered community recreation programs on weekends. As of 2014, the school was formally known as Lew Wallace Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) Academy. Athletic programs included baseball, basketball, football, and track. On Tuesday, June 3, 2014, the Gary School Board voted 4-2 to close Lew Wallace, along with 5 other schools. The building was reported to need $2.8 million of repairs. As of 2015, one year after closure, the building was reported to be in worsening condition.", "General Lew Wallace Study The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and in 2008 was awarded a National Medal from the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District. The museum is associated with the life of Lew Wallace and his novel \"\". The study, designed by Wallace, and accompanying carriage house are the only structures pertaining to Lew Wallace that have retained historical integrity. Both of these buildings now make up the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "George Francis McGinnis George Francis McGinnins (March 19, 1826 \u2013 May 29, 1910) was a volunteer soldier during the Mexican\u2013American War and a Union General during the American Civil War. McGinnis was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother died when he was an infant and he lived with his aunt for a time. At age 11 he and his father moved to Ohio where his father became a hatter. It was during his time in Ohio that war with Mexico broke out and George volunteered his services. Commissioned as a lieutenant in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, he was mustered out of the volunteers with the rank of captain in 1847; and returned to Ohio to take up hatting. Immediately after the Civil War began, McGinnis volunteered for service in the 11th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment being raised by Col. Lew Wallace for 3 month service. Within a month he rose from private to captain and then, on April 25, lieutenant colonel. McGinnis and the 11th Indiana took part in Wallace's raid on Romney, West Virginia, on June 13, 1861. The 3-month enlistment ran out, but the regiment was re-mustered, and on August 31, 1861, McGinnis was again made lieutenant colonel with Wallace as colonel. Due to the style of training, the regiment became known as \"Wallace's Zouaves\". On September 3, Wallace was promoted to brigadier general and McGinnis became colonel of the regiment. McGinnis led the regiment during the capture of Fort Henry and then overland toward Fort Donelson. During the Battle of Fort Donelson, his regiment was temporarily attached to Lew Wallace's division and fought in the counterattack on the Union right. He received the praise of Lew Wallace for his actions that battle. McGinnis also led his regiment in the following battles of Shiloh and Corinth.", "Susan Wallace Susan Arnold Elston Wallace (December 25, 1830 \u2013 October 1, 1907) was an American author and poet from Crawfordsville, Indiana. In addition to writing travel articles for several American magazines and newspapers, Wallace published six books, five of which contain collected essays from her travels in the New Mexico Territory, Europe, and the Middle East in the 1880s: \"The Land of the Pueblos\" (1888), \"The Storied Sea\" (1883), \"The Repose in Egypt: A Medley\" (1888), \"Along the Bosphorus, and Other Sketches\" (1898), and \"The City of the King: What the Child Jesus Saw and Heard\" (1903). She was also the wife of Lew Wallace, a lawyer, American Civil War general, politician, author and diplomat. Susan completed the manuscript of Lew Wallace's two-volume autobiography following his death in 1905, with the assistance of Mary Hannah Krout, another Crawfordsville author. Wallace died in Crawfordsville in 1907. Susan Arnold Elston was born on December 25, 1830 in Crawfordsville, Indiana. She was the third daughter, the fourth of nine children, born to wealthy and influential parents, Isaac Compton, a Crawfordsville dry goods merchant, and Maria Eveline (Akin) Elston, whose family were Quakers from upstate New York. Susan was educated at home in Crawfordsville and at Dr. Gibbons' Friends' Boarding School in Poughkeepsie, New York. While at boarding school, she studied literature, geometry, and writing, but preferred music, especially playing guitar and piano. Susan married Lew Wallace on May 6, 1852. The couple first met in 1848 at the home of Joanna and Henry Smith Lane in Crawfordsville."], "answer": {"text": "Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors.", "answer_start": 922}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "answer": {"text": "In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f36a7125118b479ebf442f8831306360_1_q#2", "question": "Did he finish public school?", "rewrite": "Did Lew Wallace finish his public school education?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Branden Dawson Branden James Dawson (born February 1, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Sun Rockers Shibuya of Japan's B.League. A native of Gary, Indiana, he attended Lew Wallace High School and played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. In his senior season for Michigan State, he helped his team reach the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Dawson played high school basketball for Lew Wallace, under coach Renaldo Thomas. He had to sit out most of his freshman season, being academically ineligible. Dawson was selected for the 2011 McDonald's All-American Boys Game following his senior year. In his senior season, Dawson helped his team win the sectional championship; scoring a team-high 13 points, also adding 8 rebounds and 6 steals to his numbers, he helped his Lew Wallace get past Clark. In the regional finals against Western, Dawson had game-highs in scoring and rebounding with 28 and 15 respectively, but his team lost 69\u201365. As a senior, he averaged 28.7 points, 18.6 rebounds and 5.6 assists for Lew Wallace. Dawson was a five-star recruit according to both Rivals.com and Scout.com and received a 96 grade by ESPN. Following interest from several schools, receiving offers from Purdue, Indiana, UCLA, Georgetown and Marquette among others, Dawson verbally committed to Michigan State in August 2010. He had 15 points and 9 rebounds in his first game for the Spartans, an exhibition 85\u201357 win against Ferris State. Dawson scored 10 points in his competitive debut for Michigan State, a 67\u201355 loss to North Carolina in the 2011 Carrier Classic. He scored a season high 16 points on two occasions, against UMKC and Minnesota. His freshman season came to an end after he tore his left anterior cruciate ligament, in a game against Ohio State.", "Susan Wallace Susan Arnold Elston Wallace (December 25, 1830 \u2013 October 1, 1907) was an American author and poet from Crawfordsville, Indiana. In addition to writing travel articles for several American magazines and newspapers, Wallace published six books, five of which contain collected essays from her travels in the New Mexico Territory, Europe, and the Middle East in the 1880s: \"The Land of the Pueblos\" (1888), \"The Storied Sea\" (1883), \"The Repose in Egypt: A Medley\" (1888), \"Along the Bosphorus, and Other Sketches\" (1898), and \"The City of the King: What the Child Jesus Saw and Heard\" (1903). She was also the wife of Lew Wallace, a lawyer, American Civil War general, politician, author and diplomat. Susan completed the manuscript of Lew Wallace's two-volume autobiography following his death in 1905, with the assistance of Mary Hannah Krout, another Crawfordsville author. Wallace died in Crawfordsville in 1907. Susan Arnold Elston was born on December 25, 1830 in Crawfordsville, Indiana. She was the third daughter, the fourth of nine children, born to wealthy and influential parents, Isaac Compton, a Crawfordsville dry goods merchant, and Maria Eveline (Akin) Elston, whose family were Quakers from upstate New York. Susan was educated at home in Crawfordsville and at Dr. Gibbons' Friends' Boarding School in Poughkeepsie, New York. While at boarding school, she studied literature, geometry, and writing, but preferred music, especially playing guitar and piano. Susan married Lew Wallace on May 6, 1852. The couple first met in 1848 at the home of Joanna and Henry Smith Lane in Crawfordsville.", "General Lew Wallace Study The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and in 2008 was awarded a National Medal from the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District. The museum is associated with the life of Lew Wallace and his novel \"\". The study, designed by Wallace, and accompanying carriage house are the only structures pertaining to Lew Wallace that have retained historical integrity. Both of these buildings now make up the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "Lewis \"Lew\" Wallace was born on April 10, 1827, in Brookville, Indiana. He was the second of four sons born to Esther French Wallace (nee Test) and David Wallace. Lew's father, a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York, left the military in 1822 and moved to Brookville, where he established a law practice and entered Indiana politics. David served in the Indiana General Assembly and later as the state's lieutenant governor, and governor, and as a member of Congress. Lew Wallace's maternal grandfather was circuit court judge and Congressman John Test. In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834. In December 1836, David married nineteen-year-old Zerelda Gray Sanders Wallace, who later became a prominent suffragist and temperance advocate. In 1837, after David's election as governor of Indiana, the family moved to Indianapolis. Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors. Wallace had a talent for drawing and loved to read, but he was a discipline problem at school. In 1836, at the age of nine, Lew joined his older brother in Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he briefly attended the preparatory school division of Wabash College, but soon transferred to another school more suitable for his age. In 1840, when Wallace was thirteen, his father sent him to a private academy at Centerville, Indiana, where his teacher encouraged Lew's natural affinity for writing. Wallace returned to Indianapolis the following year. Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling. Wallace found a job copying records at the Marion County clerk's office and lived in an Indianapolis boardinghouse.", "Lew Wallace High School Lew Wallace High School was a four-year (9-12) public high school of the Gary Community School Corporation in Gary, Indiana, United States. The faculty included nearly 65 teachers. In 1926 the 45th Avenue School of Gary, Indiana was officially named Lew Wallace High School named after Lew Wallace. Wallace was a native to Indiana who served as a United States general during the American Civil War, as the governor of the New Mexico Territory, the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and as the author of \"Ben Hur. \" The \"A and B wings\" of Lew Wallace were constructed in 1933. The most recent addition includes the Richard Polk Gymnasium, which was opened in 1972. During a period of time, the school served K-12 students. The school offered community recreation programs on weekends. As of 2014, the school was formally known as Lew Wallace Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) Academy. Athletic programs included baseball, basketball, football, and track. On Tuesday, June 3, 2014, the Gary School Board voted 4-2 to close Lew Wallace, along with 5 other schools. The building was reported to need $2.8 million of repairs. As of 2015, one year after closure, the building was reported to be in worsening condition."], "answer": {"text": "Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling.", "answer_start": 1584}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "answer": {"text": "In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him after she died?", "answer": {"text": "Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors.", "answer_start": 922, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f36a7125118b479ebf442f8831306360_1_q#3", "question": "What did he do to earn more wages?", "rewrite": "What did Lew Wallace do to earn more wages after his father refused to pay for more schooling?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lew Wallace High School Lew Wallace High School was a four-year (9-12) public high school of the Gary Community School Corporation in Gary, Indiana, United States. The faculty included nearly 65 teachers. In 1926 the 45th Avenue School of Gary, Indiana was officially named Lew Wallace High School named after Lew Wallace. Wallace was a native to Indiana who served as a United States general during the American Civil War, as the governor of the New Mexico Territory, the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and as the author of \"Ben Hur. \" The \"A and B wings\" of Lew Wallace were constructed in 1933. The most recent addition includes the Richard Polk Gymnasium, which was opened in 1972. During a period of time, the school served K-12 students. The school offered community recreation programs on weekends. As of 2014, the school was formally known as Lew Wallace Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) Academy. Athletic programs included baseball, basketball, football, and track. On Tuesday, June 3, 2014, the Gary School Board voted 4-2 to close Lew Wallace, along with 5 other schools. The building was reported to need $2.8 million of repairs. As of 2015, one year after closure, the building was reported to be in worsening condition.", "George Francis McGinnis George Francis McGinnins (March 19, 1826 \u2013 May 29, 1910) was a volunteer soldier during the Mexican\u2013American War and a Union General during the American Civil War. McGinnis was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother died when he was an infant and he lived with his aunt for a time. At age 11 he and his father moved to Ohio where his father became a hatter. It was during his time in Ohio that war with Mexico broke out and George volunteered his services. Commissioned as a lieutenant in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, he was mustered out of the volunteers with the rank of captain in 1847; and returned to Ohio to take up hatting. Immediately after the Civil War began, McGinnis volunteered for service in the 11th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment being raised by Col. Lew Wallace for 3 month service. Within a month he rose from private to captain and then, on April 25, lieutenant colonel. McGinnis and the 11th Indiana took part in Wallace's raid on Romney, West Virginia, on June 13, 1861. The 3-month enlistment ran out, but the regiment was re-mustered, and on August 31, 1861, McGinnis was again made lieutenant colonel with Wallace as colonel. Due to the style of training, the regiment became known as \"Wallace's Zouaves\". On September 3, Wallace was promoted to brigadier general and McGinnis became colonel of the regiment. McGinnis led the regiment during the capture of Fort Henry and then overland toward Fort Donelson. During the Battle of Fort Donelson, his regiment was temporarily attached to Lew Wallace's division and fought in the counterattack on the Union right. He received the praise of Lew Wallace for his actions that battle. McGinnis also led his regiment in the following battles of Shiloh and Corinth.", "Lewis \"Lew\" Wallace was born on April 10, 1827, in Brookville, Indiana. He was the second of four sons born to Esther French Wallace (nee Test) and David Wallace. Lew's father, a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York, left the military in 1822 and moved to Brookville, where he established a law practice and entered Indiana politics. David served in the Indiana General Assembly and later as the state's lieutenant governor, and governor, and as a member of Congress. Lew Wallace's maternal grandfather was circuit court judge and Congressman John Test. In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834. In December 1836, David married nineteen-year-old Zerelda Gray Sanders Wallace, who later became a prominent suffragist and temperance advocate. In 1837, after David's election as governor of Indiana, the family moved to Indianapolis. Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors. Wallace had a talent for drawing and loved to read, but he was a discipline problem at school. In 1836, at the age of nine, Lew joined his older brother in Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he briefly attended the preparatory school division of Wabash College, but soon transferred to another school more suitable for his age. In 1840, when Wallace was thirteen, his father sent him to a private academy at Centerville, Indiana, where his teacher encouraged Lew's natural affinity for writing. Wallace returned to Indianapolis the following year. Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling. Wallace found a job copying records at the Marion County clerk's office and lived in an Indianapolis boardinghouse.", "General Lew Wallace Study The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and in 2008 was awarded a National Medal from the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District. The museum is associated with the life of Lew Wallace and his novel \"\". The study, designed by Wallace, and accompanying carriage house are the only structures pertaining to Lew Wallace that have retained historical integrity. Both of these buildings now make up the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "Branden Dawson Branden James Dawson (born February 1, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Sun Rockers Shibuya of Japan's B.League. A native of Gary, Indiana, he attended Lew Wallace High School and played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. In his senior season for Michigan State, he helped his team reach the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Dawson played high school basketball for Lew Wallace, under coach Renaldo Thomas. He had to sit out most of his freshman season, being academically ineligible. Dawson was selected for the 2011 McDonald's All-American Boys Game following his senior year. In his senior season, Dawson helped his team win the sectional championship; scoring a team-high 13 points, also adding 8 rebounds and 6 steals to his numbers, he helped his Lew Wallace get past Clark. In the regional finals against Western, Dawson had game-highs in scoring and rebounding with 28 and 15 respectively, but his team lost 69\u201365. As a senior, he averaged 28.7 points, 18.6 rebounds and 5.6 assists for Lew Wallace. Dawson was a five-star recruit according to both Rivals.com and Scout.com and received a 96 grade by ESPN. Following interest from several schools, receiving offers from Purdue, Indiana, UCLA, Georgetown and Marquette among others, Dawson verbally committed to Michigan State in August 2010. He had 15 points and 9 rebounds in his first game for the Spartans, an exhibition 85\u201357 win against Ferris State. Dawson scored 10 points in his competitive debut for Michigan State, a 67\u201355 loss to North Carolina in the 2011 Carrier Classic. He scored a season high 16 points on two occasions, against UMKC and Minnesota. His freshman season came to an end after he tore his left anterior cruciate ligament, in a game against Ohio State."], "answer": {"text": "Wallace found a job copying records at the Marion County clerk's office and lived in an Indianapolis boardinghouse.", "answer_start": 1697}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "answer": {"text": "In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him after she died?", "answer": {"text": "Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors.", "answer_start": 922, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he finish public school?", "answer": {"text": "Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling.", "answer_start": 1584, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f36a7125118b479ebf442f8831306360_1_q#4", "question": "When did he join the military?", "rewrite": "When did Lew Wallace join the military?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lew Wallace High School Lew Wallace High School was a four-year (9-12) public high school of the Gary Community School Corporation in Gary, Indiana, United States. The faculty included nearly 65 teachers. In 1926 the 45th Avenue School of Gary, Indiana was officially named Lew Wallace High School named after Lew Wallace. Wallace was a native to Indiana who served as a United States general during the American Civil War, as the governor of the New Mexico Territory, the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and as the author of \"Ben Hur. \" The \"A and B wings\" of Lew Wallace were constructed in 1933. The most recent addition includes the Richard Polk Gymnasium, which was opened in 1972. During a period of time, the school served K-12 students. The school offered community recreation programs on weekends. As of 2014, the school was formally known as Lew Wallace Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) Academy. Athletic programs included baseball, basketball, football, and track. On Tuesday, June 3, 2014, the Gary School Board voted 4-2 to close Lew Wallace, along with 5 other schools. The building was reported to need $2.8 million of repairs. As of 2015, one year after closure, the building was reported to be in worsening condition.", "General Lew Wallace Study The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and in 2008 was awarded a National Medal from the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District. The museum is associated with the life of Lew Wallace and his novel \"\". The study, designed by Wallace, and accompanying carriage house are the only structures pertaining to Lew Wallace that have retained historical integrity. Both of these buildings now make up the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "Branden Dawson Branden James Dawson (born February 1, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Sun Rockers Shibuya of Japan's B.League. A native of Gary, Indiana, he attended Lew Wallace High School and played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. In his senior season for Michigan State, he helped his team reach the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Dawson played high school basketball for Lew Wallace, under coach Renaldo Thomas. He had to sit out most of his freshman season, being academically ineligible. Dawson was selected for the 2011 McDonald's All-American Boys Game following his senior year. In his senior season, Dawson helped his team win the sectional championship; scoring a team-high 13 points, also adding 8 rebounds and 6 steals to his numbers, he helped his Lew Wallace get past Clark. In the regional finals against Western, Dawson had game-highs in scoring and rebounding with 28 and 15 respectively, but his team lost 69\u201365. As a senior, he averaged 28.7 points, 18.6 rebounds and 5.6 assists for Lew Wallace. Dawson was a five-star recruit according to both Rivals.com and Scout.com and received a 96 grade by ESPN. Following interest from several schools, receiving offers from Purdue, Indiana, UCLA, Georgetown and Marquette among others, Dawson verbally committed to Michigan State in August 2010. He had 15 points and 9 rebounds in his first game for the Spartans, an exhibition 85\u201357 win against Ferris State. Dawson scored 10 points in his competitive debut for Michigan State, a 67\u201355 loss to North Carolina in the 2011 Carrier Classic. He scored a season high 16 points on two occasions, against UMKC and Minnesota. His freshman season came to an end after he tore his left anterior cruciate ligament, in a game against Ohio State.", "Susan Wallace Susan Arnold Elston Wallace (December 25, 1830 \u2013 October 1, 1907) was an American author and poet from Crawfordsville, Indiana. In addition to writing travel articles for several American magazines and newspapers, Wallace published six books, five of which contain collected essays from her travels in the New Mexico Territory, Europe, and the Middle East in the 1880s: \"The Land of the Pueblos\" (1888), \"The Storied Sea\" (1883), \"The Repose in Egypt: A Medley\" (1888), \"Along the Bosphorus, and Other Sketches\" (1898), and \"The City of the King: What the Child Jesus Saw and Heard\" (1903). She was also the wife of Lew Wallace, a lawyer, American Civil War general, politician, author and diplomat. Susan completed the manuscript of Lew Wallace's two-volume autobiography following his death in 1905, with the assistance of Mary Hannah Krout, another Crawfordsville author. Wallace died in Crawfordsville in 1907. Susan Arnold Elston was born on December 25, 1830 in Crawfordsville, Indiana. She was the third daughter, the fourth of nine children, born to wealthy and influential parents, Isaac Compton, a Crawfordsville dry goods merchant, and Maria Eveline (Akin) Elston, whose family were Quakers from upstate New York. Susan was educated at home in Crawfordsville and at Dr. Gibbons' Friends' Boarding School in Poughkeepsie, New York. While at boarding school, she studied literature, geometry, and writing, but preferred music, especially playing guitar and piano. Susan married Lew Wallace on May 6, 1852. The couple first met in 1848 at the home of Joanna and Henry Smith Lane in Crawfordsville.", "George Francis McGinnis George Francis McGinnins (March 19, 1826 \u2013 May 29, 1910) was a volunteer soldier during the Mexican\u2013American War and a Union General during the American Civil War. McGinnis was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother died when he was an infant and he lived with his aunt for a time. At age 11 he and his father moved to Ohio where his father became a hatter. It was during his time in Ohio that war with Mexico broke out and George volunteered his services. Commissioned as a lieutenant in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, he was mustered out of the volunteers with the rank of captain in 1847; and returned to Ohio to take up hatting. Immediately after the Civil War began, McGinnis volunteered for service in the 11th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment being raised by Col. Lew Wallace for 3 month service. Within a month he rose from private to captain and then, on April 25, lieutenant colonel. McGinnis and the 11th Indiana took part in Wallace's raid on Romney, West Virginia, on June 13, 1861. The 3-month enlistment ran out, but the regiment was re-mustered, and on August 31, 1861, McGinnis was again made lieutenant colonel with Wallace as colonel. Due to the style of training, the regiment became known as \"Wallace's Zouaves\". On September 3, Wallace was promoted to brigadier general and McGinnis became colonel of the regiment. McGinnis led the regiment during the capture of Fort Henry and then overland toward Fort Donelson. During the Battle of Fort Donelson, his regiment was temporarily attached to Lew Wallace's division and fought in the counterattack on the Union right. He received the praise of Lew Wallace for his actions that battle. McGinnis also led his regiment in the following battles of Shiloh and Corinth."], "answer": {"text": "but left that pursuit to establish a recruiting office for the Marion Volunteers in Indianapolis.", "answer_start": 418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "answer": {"text": "In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him after she died?", "answer": {"text": "Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors.", "answer_start": 922, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he finish public school?", "answer": {"text": "Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling.", "answer_start": 1584, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to earn more wages?", "answer": {"text": "Wallace found a job copying records at the Marion County clerk's office and lived in an Indianapolis boardinghouse.", "answer_start": 1697, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f36a7125118b479ebf442f8831306360_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than Lew Wallace joining the military after his mother died?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lewis \"Lew\" Wallace was born on April 10, 1827, in Brookville, Indiana. He was the second of four sons born to Esther French Wallace (nee Test) and David Wallace. Lew's father, a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York, left the military in 1822 and moved to Brookville, where he established a law practice and entered Indiana politics. David served in the Indiana General Assembly and later as the state's lieutenant governor, and governor, and as a member of Congress. Lew Wallace's maternal grandfather was circuit court judge and Congressman John Test. In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834. In December 1836, David married nineteen-year-old Zerelda Gray Sanders Wallace, who later became a prominent suffragist and temperance advocate. In 1837, after David's election as governor of Indiana, the family moved to Indianapolis. Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors. Wallace had a talent for drawing and loved to read, but he was a discipline problem at school. In 1836, at the age of nine, Lew joined his older brother in Crawfordsville, Indiana, where he briefly attended the preparatory school division of Wabash College, but soon transferred to another school more suitable for his age. In 1840, when Wallace was thirteen, his father sent him to a private academy at Centerville, Indiana, where his teacher encouraged Lew's natural affinity for writing. Wallace returned to Indianapolis the following year. Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling. Wallace found a job copying records at the Marion County clerk's office and lived in an Indianapolis boardinghouse.", "George Francis McGinnis George Francis McGinnins (March 19, 1826 \u2013 May 29, 1910) was a volunteer soldier during the Mexican\u2013American War and a Union General during the American Civil War. McGinnis was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His mother died when he was an infant and he lived with his aunt for a time. At age 11 he and his father moved to Ohio where his father became a hatter. It was during his time in Ohio that war with Mexico broke out and George volunteered his services. Commissioned as a lieutenant in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, he was mustered out of the volunteers with the rank of captain in 1847; and returned to Ohio to take up hatting. Immediately after the Civil War began, McGinnis volunteered for service in the 11th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment being raised by Col. Lew Wallace for 3 month service. Within a month he rose from private to captain and then, on April 25, lieutenant colonel. McGinnis and the 11th Indiana took part in Wallace's raid on Romney, West Virginia, on June 13, 1861. The 3-month enlistment ran out, but the regiment was re-mustered, and on August 31, 1861, McGinnis was again made lieutenant colonel with Wallace as colonel. Due to the style of training, the regiment became known as \"Wallace's Zouaves\". On September 3, Wallace was promoted to brigadier general and McGinnis became colonel of the regiment. McGinnis led the regiment during the capture of Fort Henry and then overland toward Fort Donelson. During the Battle of Fort Donelson, his regiment was temporarily attached to Lew Wallace's division and fought in the counterattack on the Union right. He received the praise of Lew Wallace for his actions that battle. McGinnis also led his regiment in the following battles of Shiloh and Corinth.", "General Lew Wallace Study The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and in 2008 was awarded a National Medal from the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District. The museum is associated with the life of Lew Wallace and his novel \"\". The study, designed by Wallace, and accompanying carriage house are the only structures pertaining to Lew Wallace that have retained historical integrity. Both of these buildings now make up the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "Lew Wallace High School Lew Wallace High School was a four-year (9-12) public high school of the Gary Community School Corporation in Gary, Indiana, United States. The faculty included nearly 65 teachers. In 1926 the 45th Avenue School of Gary, Indiana was officially named Lew Wallace High School named after Lew Wallace. Wallace was a native to Indiana who served as a United States general during the American Civil War, as the governor of the New Mexico Territory, the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and as the author of \"Ben Hur. \" The \"A and B wings\" of Lew Wallace were constructed in 1933. The most recent addition includes the Richard Polk Gymnasium, which was opened in 1972. During a period of time, the school served K-12 students. The school offered community recreation programs on weekends. As of 2014, the school was formally known as Lew Wallace Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) Academy. Athletic programs included baseball, basketball, football, and track. On Tuesday, June 3, 2014, the Gary School Board voted 4-2 to close Lew Wallace, along with 5 other schools. The building was reported to need $2.8 million of repairs. As of 2015, one year after closure, the building was reported to be in worsening condition.", "Branden Dawson Branden James Dawson (born February 1, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Sun Rockers Shibuya of Japan's B.League. A native of Gary, Indiana, he attended Lew Wallace High School and played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. In his senior season for Michigan State, he helped his team reach the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Dawson played high school basketball for Lew Wallace, under coach Renaldo Thomas. He had to sit out most of his freshman season, being academically ineligible. Dawson was selected for the 2011 McDonald's All-American Boys Game following his senior year. In his senior season, Dawson helped his team win the sectional championship; scoring a team-high 13 points, also adding 8 rebounds and 6 steals to his numbers, he helped his Lew Wallace get past Clark. In the regional finals against Western, Dawson had game-highs in scoring and rebounding with 28 and 15 respectively, but his team lost 69\u201365. As a senior, he averaged 28.7 points, 18.6 rebounds and 5.6 assists for Lew Wallace. Dawson was a five-star recruit according to both Rivals.com and Scout.com and received a 96 grade by ESPN. Following interest from several schools, receiving offers from Purdue, Indiana, UCLA, Georgetown and Marquette among others, Dawson verbally committed to Michigan State in August 2010. He had 15 points and 9 rebounds in his first game for the Spartans, an exhibition 85\u201357 win against Ferris State. Dawson scored 10 points in his competitive debut for Michigan State, a 67\u201355 loss to North Carolina in the 2011 Carrier Classic. He scored a season high 16 points on two occasions, against UMKC and Minnesota. His freshman season came to an end after he tore his left anterior cruciate ligament, in a game against Ohio State."], "answer": {"text": "After the war, Wallace and William B. Greer operated a Free Soil newspaper, The Free Soil Banner, in Indianapolis.", "answer_start": 1005}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "answer": {"text": "In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him after she died?", "answer": {"text": "Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors.", "answer_start": 922, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he finish public school?", "answer": {"text": "Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling.", "answer_start": 1584, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to earn more wages?", "answer": {"text": "Wallace found a job copying records at the Marion County clerk's office and lived in an Indianapolis boardinghouse.", "answer_start": 1697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "but left that pursuit to establish a recruiting office for the Marion Volunteers in Indianapolis.", "answer_start": 418, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f36a7125118b479ebf442f8831306360_1_q#6", "question": "What did he write in the paper?", "rewrite": "What did Lew Wallace write about in the paper The Free Soil Banner?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["General Lew Wallace Study The General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, formerly known as the Ben-Hur Museum, is located in Crawfordsville, Indiana. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976, and in 2008 was awarded a National Medal from the federal Institute of Museum and Library Services. It is located in the Elston Grove Historic District. The museum is associated with the life of Lew Wallace and his novel \"\". The study, designed by Wallace, and accompanying carriage house are the only structures pertaining to Lew Wallace that have retained historical integrity. Both of these buildings now make up the museum and exhibit many of the artifacts that Wallace used during his lifetime, as well as many objects pertaining to his literary legacy. Guided tours of the study are available for a small admission fee; the Carriage House Interpretive Center and grounds are open to the public free of charge. Lew Wallace is most famous for his military service and his novel \"\" (1880). He served in the Union Army during the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Fort Donelson, Battle of Shiloh, and Battle of Monocacy as well as managing operations for the Union Army in Indiana in July 1863 when Confederate general John Hunt Morgan invaded the state during Morgan's Raid. After the war, he served on the military commission that tried John Wilkes Booth's assistants in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as well as presiding over the court that resulted in the execution of Henry Wirz for the Union deaths at Andersonville prison. In the postwar years, he began seriously writing, publishing his first novel in 1873. In 1880 he published \"\", a novel set during the time of Jesus Christ in the Roman Empire; it sold poorly at first, but soon became the bestselling novel of the nineteenth century, and continued as first until the publication of \"Gone with the Wind.\"", "Lew Wallace High School Lew Wallace High School was a four-year (9-12) public high school of the Gary Community School Corporation in Gary, Indiana, United States. The faculty included nearly 65 teachers. In 1926 the 45th Avenue School of Gary, Indiana was officially named Lew Wallace High School named after Lew Wallace. Wallace was a native to Indiana who served as a United States general during the American Civil War, as the governor of the New Mexico Territory, the Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and as the author of \"Ben Hur. \" The \"A and B wings\" of Lew Wallace were constructed in 1933. The most recent addition includes the Richard Polk Gymnasium, which was opened in 1972. During a period of time, the school served K-12 students. The school offered community recreation programs on weekends. As of 2014, the school was formally known as Lew Wallace Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) Academy. Athletic programs included baseball, basketball, football, and track. On Tuesday, June 3, 2014, the Gary School Board voted 4-2 to close Lew Wallace, along with 5 other schools. The building was reported to need $2.8 million of repairs. As of 2015, one year after closure, the building was reported to be in worsening condition.", "He also joined the Marion Rifles, a local militia unit, and began writing his first novel, The Fair God, but it was not published until 1873. Wallace said in his autobiography that he had never been a member of any organized religion, but he did believe \"in the Christian conception of God\". By 1846, at the start of the Mexican-American War, the nineteen-year-old Wallace was studying law at his father's law office, but left that pursuit to establish a recruiting office for the Marion Volunteers in Indianapolis. He was appointed a second lieutenant, and on June 19, 1846, mustered into military service with the Marion Volunteers (also known as Company H, 1st Indiana Volunteer Infantry). Wallace rose to the position of regimental adjutant and the rank of first lieutenant while serving in the army of Zachary Taylor, but Wallace personally did not participate in combat. Wallace was mustered out of the volunteer service on June 15, 1847, and returned to Indiana, where he intended to practice law. After the war, Wallace and William B. Greer operated a Free Soil newspaper, The Free Soil Banner, in Indianapolis.", "Inspired by the issue of abolishing slavery, Arnold was a delegate to the national Free Soil Convention in 1848. He left the Democrats to become an organizer of the Free Soil Party in Illinois. Arnold served one term in the state house from 1855-56 under the Free Soil banner. In 1860 he joined the Republican Party and won election to the U.S. House that year. He was reelected in 1862. A strong supporter of President Lincoln during his tenure in Congress, Arnold pushed emancipation in the territories and nation. He defended Lincoln against critics, including within his party. In March 1862, during the American Civil War, Arnold introduced a bill to abolish slavery in U.S. territories, which became law in June 1862. In February 1864, he introduced a resolution for a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery throughout the United States, saying:  He was the first Congressman to introduce a resolution to abolish slavery. In 1865 the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified and slavery was ended. In 1864 Arnold faced a strong challenge from the Democrat John L. Scripps, the postmaster in Chicago, whose appointment he had opposed. By then, Scripps controlled a large field of patronage because of his position. In addition, German Americans made up 25 percent of Arnold's constituents in 1860, and they were unhappy with him about continued drafts of men into the Army. Arnold withdrew from the race in favor of the Republican John Wentworth, the popular former mayor. Wentworth won the seat. Arnold accepted a presidential appointment from Lincoln as the Sixth Auditor of the Treasury Department. In 1866, Arnold left Washington and returned to his law practice in Chicago. Arnold was rapidly working on a book about Lincoln. He published \"The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery\" in 1867. This was considered a general history that suffered from not having sufficient research.", "Branden Dawson Branden James Dawson (born February 1, 1993) is an American professional basketball player who last played for Sun Rockers Shibuya of Japan's B.League. A native of Gary, Indiana, he attended Lew Wallace High School and played college basketball for the Michigan State Spartans. In his senior season for Michigan State, he helped his team reach the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament. Dawson played high school basketball for Lew Wallace, under coach Renaldo Thomas. He had to sit out most of his freshman season, being academically ineligible. Dawson was selected for the 2011 McDonald's All-American Boys Game following his senior year. In his senior season, Dawson helped his team win the sectional championship; scoring a team-high 13 points, also adding 8 rebounds and 6 steals to his numbers, he helped his Lew Wallace get past Clark. In the regional finals against Western, Dawson had game-highs in scoring and rebounding with 28 and 15 respectively, but his team lost 69\u201365. As a senior, he averaged 28.7 points, 18.6 rebounds and 5.6 assists for Lew Wallace. Dawson was a five-star recruit according to both Rivals.com and Scout.com and received a 96 grade by ESPN. Following interest from several schools, receiving offers from Purdue, Indiana, UCLA, Georgetown and Marquette among others, Dawson verbally committed to Michigan State in August 2010. He had 15 points and 9 rebounds in his first game for the Spartans, an exhibition 85\u201357 win against Ferris State. Dawson scored 10 points in his competitive debut for Michigan State, a 67\u201355 loss to North Carolina in the 2011 Carrier Classic. He scored a season high 16 points on two occasions, against UMKC and Minnesota. His freshman season came to an end after he tore his left anterior cruciate ligament, in a game against Ohio State."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Lew Wallace's early life like as a child?", "answer": {"text": "In 1832 the family moved to Covington, Indiana, where Lew's mother died from tuberculosis on July 14, 1834.", "answer_start": 579, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to him after she died?", "answer": {"text": "Lew began his formal education at the age of six at a public school in Covington, but he much preferred the outdoors.", "answer_start": 922, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he finish public school?", "answer": {"text": "Sixteen-year-old Lew went out to earn his own wages in 1842, after his father refused to pay for more schooling.", "answer_start": 1584, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do to earn more wages?", "answer": {"text": "Wallace found a job copying records at the Marion County clerk's office and lived in an Indianapolis boardinghouse.", "answer_start": 1697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he join the military?", "answer": {"text": "but left that pursuit to establish a recruiting office for the Marion Volunteers in Indianapolis.", "answer_start": 418, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "After the war, Wallace and William B. Greer operated a Free Soil newspaper, The Free Soil Banner, in Indianapolis.", "answer_start": 1005, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2be54b0aab524171b04b3ebbdb544c3c_1_q#0", "question": "Did Bobby Fischer start out playing chess with his family?", "rewrite": "Did Bobby Fischer start out playing chess with his family?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pawn Sacrifice Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film. It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the World Chess Championship 1972 match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland. It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy. It was released in the United States on September 16, 2015. In 1972, Bobby Fischer tears apart his hotel room in a paranoid delusional state, believing he is being spied upon by the Soviet KGB. The film flashes back to 1951 Brooklyn, where Fischer's mother, a Soviet Jewish immigrant, explains to 6-year-old Bobby that the FBI has her under surveillance because she supports Marxist revolution in the U.S. She coaches Bobby on what to say to the FBI if he is ever approached. Bobby immerses himself in chess and becomes an expert player. Despite her worries that chess is becoming an obsession, his mother takes takes him to an adult chess club, where he impresses the resident chess master and is accepted as a student. Bobby enters the world of professional chess championships and soon becomes the youngest grandmaster ever. Bobby's hatred of distractions leads to frequent tantrums. He enters a team tournament in Varna, Bulgaria, where he realizes that Soviet grandmasters are deliberately drawing games with the collusion of the World Chess Federation. Erupting in a rant that this system makes it impossible for a non-Soviet player to win the championship, Bobby quits the tournament and gives up chess.", "Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess is a chess puzzle book written by Bobby Fischer and co-authored by Stuart Margulies and Don Mosenfelder, originally published in 1966. It is one of the best-selling chess books of all time, with over one million copies sold. The book is intended for beginners and uses a programmed learning approach, permitting readers to go back and retry each question if they give a wrong answer. Unusually for a modern chess book, it requires no knowledge of chess notation, using only diagrams with arrows and verbal descriptions of chess moves such as \"rook-takes-pawn-check\". The book begins with an explanation of the rules of chess. The puzzles focus exclusively on finding checkmate, beginning with mate in one move and moving on to mate in two, three and four. Combinations involving back rank mates are particularly emphasized. The book was originally published in 1966 by Basic Systems Inc, a subsidiary of Xerox. A paperback edition was published by Bantam Books in 1967 and sold 10,000 copies by early 1972. Due to the interest in the 1972 Fischer\u2013Spassky World Championship match, the book was reprinted eight times that year alone. In 1994, Interplay Entertainment released a computer chess program of the same name based on the book. The software received mixed reviews, \"PC Gamer\" noting the \"ugly 2-D board\" and \"Entertainment Weekly\" describing the lessons as \"humorless... dogmatic, and fearsome\". The extent of Fischer\u2019s involvement in the book has been questioned. Andrew Soltis writes that Fischer \"contributed some ideas, but chiefly his name\".", "For example, the characters in \"Star Trek\" play a futuristic version of the game called \"Tri-Dimensional Chess\". \"Wizard's Chess\" is featured in J.K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" plays. The hero of \"Searching for Bobby Fischer\" struggles against adopting the aggressive and misanthropic views of a world chess champion. Chess is used as the core theme in the musical \"Chess\" by Tim Rice, Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus, and Benny Andersson. The thriller film \"Knight Moves\" is about a chess grandmaster who is accused of being a serial killer. \" Pawn Sacrifice\", starring Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer and Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, depicts the drama surrounding the 1972 World Chess Championship in Iceland during the Cold War. In 1979 in Islamic Republic of Iran, Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued a religious fatwa ruling against chess on the grounds that it \"excessively fatigues the brain\" and constitutes gambling. The same Ayatollah lifted the ban in 1988, however, and said it was permissible as long as it was not a means of gambling. Iran now has an active confederation for playing chess and sends players to international events. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani of Iraq, issued multiple fatwas against chess and backgammon ruling that playing both \u201cis absolutely forbidden even without placing a bet\u201d. In 2016 in Saudi Arabia, Grand Mufti Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh issued a religious fatwa ruling that chess is forbidden in Islam because it constitutes gambling, stating \"chess is a waste of time and an opportunity to squander money. It causes enmity and hatred between people.\" This fatwa is not legally binding, however, and chess remains a popular game in Muslim countries.", "Bobby Fischer Against the World Bobby Fischer Against the World is a documentary feature film that explores the life of chess Grandmaster and 11th World Champion Bobby Fischer. It incorporates interviews with chess players Anthony Saidy, Larry Evans, Sam Sloan, Susan Polgar, Garry Kasparov, Asa Hoffmann, Fri\u00f0rik \u00d3lafsson, Lothar Schmid and others. It includes rare archive footage from the World Chess Championship 1972. Liz Garbus began her work on the film after Fischer's death in 2008 at the age of 64. She said of Fischer: \"It's hard to imagine that in 1972, all eyes were on a chess match, but it does, in fact, seem to be the case. Bobby Fischer was this self-taught Brooklyn boy who took the New York chess scene and then the national chess scene by storm. And the Russians had been dominating the sport for decades. ... So for an American to have a real chance at beating that [Soviet] machine, this was big stuff. ... The symbolism of the match was enormous.\" The documentary has an 87% rating and an average rating of 7.1/10 on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus not yet reached. The film is dedicated to editor Karen Schmeer, who was killed in a hit-and-run accident while they were already a few months into the editing process.", "Bobby Fischer Center The Bobby Fischer Center (Icelandic: \"Fischersetur\") is a small non-profit biographical museum housing memorabilia of the 1972 World Chess Champion, Bobby Fischer. The museum is located in Selfoss, Iceland. The Bobby Fischer Center have on display photos, the scoresheets, a printout for the radiation measurements demanded by Boris Spassky\u00b4s delegation after the 17th game and a replica of the chessboard used during the World Chess Championship 1972. The museum includes interesting artifacts related to Fischer's stay in Iceland from 2005 to 2008, including Fischer's chair from the antiquarian bookshop B\u00f3kin in Reykjav\u00edk. The building facilitates the \"Chess Club of Selfoss and Vicinity\" to play and learn about chess. In addition, the building is a venue for chess exhibitions and presentations. Fischer\u00b4s grave site is at Laugard\u00e6lir cemetery ( ), a few hundred metres away from the Bobby Fischer Center."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2be54b0aab524171b04b3ebbdb544c3c_1_q#1", "question": "When was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Bobby Fischer born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Fischer Against the World Bobby Fischer Against the World is a documentary feature film that explores the life of chess Grandmaster and 11th World Champion Bobby Fischer. It incorporates interviews with chess players Anthony Saidy, Larry Evans, Sam Sloan, Susan Polgar, Garry Kasparov, Asa Hoffmann, Fri\u00f0rik \u00d3lafsson, Lothar Schmid and others. It includes rare archive footage from the World Chess Championship 1972. Liz Garbus began her work on the film after Fischer's death in 2008 at the age of 64. She said of Fischer: \"It's hard to imagine that in 1972, all eyes were on a chess match, but it does, in fact, seem to be the case. Bobby Fischer was this self-taught Brooklyn boy who took the New York chess scene and then the national chess scene by storm. And the Russians had been dominating the sport for decades. ... So for an American to have a real chance at beating that [Soviet] machine, this was big stuff. ... The symbolism of the match was enormous.\" The documentary has an 87% rating and an average rating of 7.1/10 on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus not yet reached. The film is dedicated to editor Karen Schmeer, who was killed in a hit-and-run accident while they were already a few months into the editing process.", "He routinely helped all the players analyze their games during adjournments, and he repeatedly succeeded in getting the temperamental Bobby Fischer to \"relax and play the game\", as he would tell Fischer when stress threatened his continued participation in tournaments. In the late 1950s Byrne contracted lupus, an auto-immune disease that led to the demise of his kidneys and made him allergic to the sun. He was known around campus for his very wide-brimmed brown Stetson hat. He would frequently tell stories about his chess exploits, often turning red from laughter. One story occurred in the 1956 Rosenwald tournament during the Game of the Century between Byrne and Bobby Fischer. Fischer was winning the game decisively, and Byrne asked some of the other players if it would be a good \"tip of the hat\" to Fischer's superb play to let young Fischer play the game to a checkmate instead of Byrne resigning, which would normally happen between masters. When the other players agreed, Byrne played the game out until Fischer checkmated him. Byrne added \"You have to remember, Bobby wasn't yet \"Bobby Fischer\" at that time\", meaning that the then 13-year-old Fischer was \"only\" a master, and not yet the 14-year-old wunderkind and top U.S. player he became the following year. Two other Byrne stories posted online: Fischer and the Border Patrol and The Hustler Gets Byrned. As a player Byrne popularized the ...\"a5\" line in the Yugoslav Attack in the Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defence. Against 1. \"d4\" he often preferred to play the Gruenfeld Defense. As White he preferred using the English Opening. Born in New York City, Byrne was a professor of English.", "Shortly before Fischer's departure for Iceland, on March 23, 2005, Bosnitch and Fischer appeared on the BBC World Service, via a voice link to Bosnitch's mobile telephone at the Tokyo airport. Bosnitch stated that Fischer would never play traditional chess again. Igor Stevanovic made a documentary film about chess legend Bobby Fischer through the eyes of his Serbian friends, chess opponents and acquaintances titled \"Requiem for Bobby Fischer\" (\"Opelo za Bobija Fisera\", 2009) featuring John Bosnitch. John Bosnitch also appears in the documentary \"Me & Bobby Fischer\" by Icelandic filmmaker Fridrik Gudmundsson, that focuses on the role played by a committee of Icelandic activists who joined the battle to save Bobby Fischer by fighting to gain sanctuary for him in Iceland. He also appeared in Sebastian's music video for \"Beograd\".", "Bobby Fischer Center The Bobby Fischer Center (Icelandic: \"Fischersetur\") is a small non-profit biographical museum housing memorabilia of the 1972 World Chess Champion, Bobby Fischer. The museum is located in Selfoss, Iceland. The Bobby Fischer Center have on display photos, the scoresheets, a printout for the radiation measurements demanded by Boris Spassky\u00b4s delegation after the 17th game and a replica of the chessboard used during the World Chess Championship 1972. The museum includes interesting artifacts related to Fischer's stay in Iceland from 2005 to 2008, including Fischer's chair from the antiquarian bookshop B\u00f3kin in Reykjav\u00edk. The building facilitates the \"Chess Club of Selfoss and Vicinity\" to play and learn about chess. In addition, the building is a venue for chess exhibitions and presentations. Fischer\u00b4s grave site is at Laugard\u00e6lir cemetery ( ), a few hundred metres away from the Bobby Fischer Center.", "John Bosnitch John Bosnitch (born February 15, 1961 in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada) is a Canadian journalist, consultant, and political activist of Serbian descent. He's also Bureau Chief of \"The InterMedia Center News Agency\" located in Tokyo, Japan. John Bosnitch volunteered to help 11th World Chess Champion Bobby Fischer (March 9, 1943 \u2013 January 17, 2008) after Fischer was detained in Japan in 2004. The U.S. Bush Administration had told Japanese authorities that it had \"revoked\" Fischer's passport to try to bring him to trial in the United States for playing in a World Chess Championship rematch in Yugoslavia in 1992 in alleged violation of U.S. presidential sanctions against economic activity with Yugoslavia. Japanese immigration authorities then held Fischer in Tokyo's Narita Airport detention center for 16 days after refusing to let him leave the country due to an alleged passport violation, before transferring him to a long-term detention center pending deportation to the United States. Bosnitch set up the \"Committee to Free Bobby Fischer\" after visiting Fischer in the Narita Airport detention center. John Bosnitch argued for and won the right to participate as a friend of the court before the Immigration Bureau tribunal charged with handling Fischer's deportation. Bosnitch filibustered for more than 24 hours through two deportation hearings and then worked to legally block the Japanese Immigration Bureau's efforts to deport Fischer to the United States, coordinating a 9-month legal and public relations 'Free Bobby Fischer' campaign until Fischer's eventual release. Fischer was, after receiving full Icelandic citizenship, allowed to leave for Iceland, instead of being deported to the US."], "answer": {"text": "Bobby Fischer was born at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1943.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Bobby Fischer start out playing chess with his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2be54b0aab524171b04b3ebbdb544c3c_1_q#2", "question": "How did he start playing chess?", "rewrite": "How did Bobby Fischer start playing chess?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For example, the characters in \"Star Trek\" play a futuristic version of the game called \"Tri-Dimensional Chess\". \"Wizard's Chess\" is featured in J.K. Rowling's \"Harry Potter\" plays. The hero of \"Searching for Bobby Fischer\" struggles against adopting the aggressive and misanthropic views of a world chess champion. Chess is used as the core theme in the musical \"Chess\" by Tim Rice, Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus, and Benny Andersson. The thriller film \"Knight Moves\" is about a chess grandmaster who is accused of being a serial killer. \" Pawn Sacrifice\", starring Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer and Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, depicts the drama surrounding the 1972 World Chess Championship in Iceland during the Cold War. In 1979 in Islamic Republic of Iran, Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issued a religious fatwa ruling against chess on the grounds that it \"excessively fatigues the brain\" and constitutes gambling. The same Ayatollah lifted the ban in 1988, however, and said it was permissible as long as it was not a means of gambling. Iran now has an active confederation for playing chess and sends players to international events. Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani of Iraq, issued multiple fatwas against chess and backgammon ruling that playing both \u201cis absolutely forbidden even without placing a bet\u201d. In 2016 in Saudi Arabia, Grand Mufti Abdul-Aziz ibn Abdullah Al ash-Sheikh issued a religious fatwa ruling that chess is forbidden in Islam because it constitutes gambling, stating \"chess is a waste of time and an opportunity to squander money. It causes enmity and hatred between people.\" This fatwa is not legally binding, however, and chess remains a popular game in Muslim countries.", "Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess is a chess puzzle book written by Bobby Fischer and co-authored by Stuart Margulies and Don Mosenfelder, originally published in 1966. It is one of the best-selling chess books of all time, with over one million copies sold. The book is intended for beginners and uses a programmed learning approach, permitting readers to go back and retry each question if they give a wrong answer. Unusually for a modern chess book, it requires no knowledge of chess notation, using only diagrams with arrows and verbal descriptions of chess moves such as \"rook-takes-pawn-check\". The book begins with an explanation of the rules of chess. The puzzles focus exclusively on finding checkmate, beginning with mate in one move and moving on to mate in two, three and four. Combinations involving back rank mates are particularly emphasized. The book was originally published in 1966 by Basic Systems Inc, a subsidiary of Xerox. A paperback edition was published by Bantam Books in 1967 and sold 10,000 copies by early 1972. Due to the interest in the 1972 Fischer\u2013Spassky World Championship match, the book was reprinted eight times that year alone. In 1994, Interplay Entertainment released a computer chess program of the same name based on the book. The software received mixed reviews, \"PC Gamer\" noting the \"ugly 2-D board\" and \"Entertainment Weekly\" describing the lessons as \"humorless... dogmatic, and fearsome\". The extent of Fischer\u2019s involvement in the book has been questioned. Andrew Soltis writes that Fischer \"contributed some ideas, but chiefly his name\".", "Bobby Fischer Center The Bobby Fischer Center (Icelandic: \"Fischersetur\") is a small non-profit biographical museum housing memorabilia of the 1972 World Chess Champion, Bobby Fischer. The museum is located in Selfoss, Iceland. The Bobby Fischer Center have on display photos, the scoresheets, a printout for the radiation measurements demanded by Boris Spassky\u00b4s delegation after the 17th game and a replica of the chessboard used during the World Chess Championship 1972. The museum includes interesting artifacts related to Fischer's stay in Iceland from 2005 to 2008, including Fischer's chair from the antiquarian bookshop B\u00f3kin in Reykjav\u00edk. The building facilitates the \"Chess Club of Selfoss and Vicinity\" to play and learn about chess. In addition, the building is a venue for chess exhibitions and presentations. Fischer\u00b4s grave site is at Laugard\u00e6lir cemetery ( ), a few hundred metres away from the Bobby Fischer Center.", "Pawn Sacrifice Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film. It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the World Chess Championship 1972 match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland. It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight. The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy. It was released in the United States on September 16, 2015. In 1972, Bobby Fischer tears apart his hotel room in a paranoid delusional state, believing he is being spied upon by the Soviet KGB. The film flashes back to 1951 Brooklyn, where Fischer's mother, a Soviet Jewish immigrant, explains to 6-year-old Bobby that the FBI has her under surveillance because she supports Marxist revolution in the U.S. She coaches Bobby on what to say to the FBI if he is ever approached. Bobby immerses himself in chess and becomes an expert player. Despite her worries that chess is becoming an obsession, his mother takes takes him to an adult chess club, where he impresses the resident chess master and is accepted as a student. Bobby enters the world of professional chess championships and soon becomes the youngest grandmaster ever. Bobby's hatred of distractions leads to frequent tantrums. He enters a team tournament in Varna, Bulgaria, where he realizes that Soviet grandmasters are deliberately drawing games with the collusion of the World Chess Federation. Erupting in a rant that this system makes it impossible for a non-Soviet player to win the championship, Bobby quits the tournament and gives up chess.", "Bobby Fischer Against the World Bobby Fischer Against the World is a documentary feature film that explores the life of chess Grandmaster and 11th World Champion Bobby Fischer. It incorporates interviews with chess players Anthony Saidy, Larry Evans, Sam Sloan, Susan Polgar, Garry Kasparov, Asa Hoffmann, Fri\u00f0rik \u00d3lafsson, Lothar Schmid and others. It includes rare archive footage from the World Chess Championship 1972. Liz Garbus began her work on the film after Fischer's death in 2008 at the age of 64. She said of Fischer: \"It's hard to imagine that in 1972, all eyes were on a chess match, but it does, in fact, seem to be the case. Bobby Fischer was this self-taught Brooklyn boy who took the New York chess scene and then the national chess scene by storm. And the Russians had been dominating the sport for decades. ... So for an American to have a real chance at beating that [Soviet] machine, this was big stuff. ... The symbolism of the match was enormous.\" The documentary has an 87% rating and an average rating of 7.1/10 on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus not yet reached. The film is dedicated to editor Karen Schmeer, who was killed in a hit-and-run accident while they were already a few months into the editing process."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Bobby Fischer start out playing chess with his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Fischer was born at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1943.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2be54b0aab524171b04b3ebbdb544c3c_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have any illnesses as a child?", "rewrite": "Did Bobby Fischer have any illnesses as a child?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bobby Fischer Center The Bobby Fischer Center (Icelandic: \"Fischersetur\") is a small non-profit biographical museum housing memorabilia of the 1972 World Chess Champion, Bobby Fischer. The museum is located in Selfoss, Iceland. The Bobby Fischer Center have on display photos, the scoresheets, a printout for the radiation measurements demanded by Boris Spassky\u00b4s delegation after the 17th game and a replica of the chessboard used during the World Chess Championship 1972. The museum includes interesting artifacts related to Fischer's stay in Iceland from 2005 to 2008, including Fischer's chair from the antiquarian bookshop B\u00f3kin in Reykjav\u00edk. The building facilitates the \"Chess Club of Selfoss and Vicinity\" to play and learn about chess. In addition, the building is a venue for chess exhibitions and presentations. Fischer\u00b4s grave site is at Laugard\u00e6lir cemetery ( ), a few hundred metres away from the Bobby Fischer Center.", "He routinely helped all the players analyze their games during adjournments, and he repeatedly succeeded in getting the temperamental Bobby Fischer to \"relax and play the game\", as he would tell Fischer when stress threatened his continued participation in tournaments. In the late 1950s Byrne contracted lupus, an auto-immune disease that led to the demise of his kidneys and made him allergic to the sun. He was known around campus for his very wide-brimmed brown Stetson hat. He would frequently tell stories about his chess exploits, often turning red from laughter. One story occurred in the 1956 Rosenwald tournament during the Game of the Century between Byrne and Bobby Fischer. Fischer was winning the game decisively, and Byrne asked some of the other players if it would be a good \"tip of the hat\" to Fischer's superb play to let young Fischer play the game to a checkmate instead of Byrne resigning, which would normally happen between masters. When the other players agreed, Byrne played the game out until Fischer checkmated him. Byrne added \"You have to remember, Bobby wasn't yet \"Bobby Fischer\" at that time\", meaning that the then 13-year-old Fischer was \"only\" a master, and not yet the 14-year-old wunderkind and top U.S. player he became the following year. Two other Byrne stories posted online: Fischer and the Border Patrol and The Hustler Gets Byrned. As a player Byrne popularized the ...\"a5\" line in the Yugoslav Attack in the Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defence. Against 1. \"d4\" he often preferred to play the Gruenfeld Defense. As White he preferred using the English Opening. Born in New York City, Byrne was a professor of English.", "Shortly before Fischer's departure for Iceland, on March 23, 2005, Bosnitch and Fischer appeared on the BBC World Service, via a voice link to Bosnitch's mobile telephone at the Tokyo airport. Bosnitch stated that Fischer would never play traditional chess again. Igor Stevanovic made a documentary film about chess legend Bobby Fischer through the eyes of his Serbian friends, chess opponents and acquaintances titled \"Requiem for Bobby Fischer\" (\"Opelo za Bobija Fisera\", 2009) featuring John Bosnitch. John Bosnitch also appears in the documentary \"Me & Bobby Fischer\" by Icelandic filmmaker Fridrik Gudmundsson, that focuses on the role played by a committee of Icelandic activists who joined the battle to save Bobby Fischer by fighting to gain sanctuary for him in Iceland. He also appeared in Sebastian's music video for \"Beograd\".", "Bobby Fischer Against the World Bobby Fischer Against the World is a documentary feature film that explores the life of chess Grandmaster and 11th World Champion Bobby Fischer. It incorporates interviews with chess players Anthony Saidy, Larry Evans, Sam Sloan, Susan Polgar, Garry Kasparov, Asa Hoffmann, Fri\u00f0rik \u00d3lafsson, Lothar Schmid and others. It includes rare archive footage from the World Chess Championship 1972. Liz Garbus began her work on the film after Fischer's death in 2008 at the age of 64. She said of Fischer: \"It's hard to imagine that in 1972, all eyes were on a chess match, but it does, in fact, seem to be the case. Bobby Fischer was this self-taught Brooklyn boy who took the New York chess scene and then the national chess scene by storm. And the Russians had been dominating the sport for decades. ... So for an American to have a real chance at beating that [Soviet] machine, this was big stuff. ... The symbolism of the match was enormous.\" The documentary has an 87% rating and an average rating of 7.1/10 on Rotten Tomatoes, with the consensus not yet reached. The film is dedicated to editor Karen Schmeer, who was killed in a hit-and-run accident while they were already a few months into the editing process.", "John Bosnitch John Bosnitch (born February 15, 1961 in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada) is a Canadian journalist, consultant, and political activist of Serbian descent. He's also Bureau Chief of \"The InterMedia Center News Agency\" located in Tokyo, Japan. John Bosnitch volunteered to help 11th World Chess Champion Bobby Fischer (March 9, 1943 \u2013 January 17, 2008) after Fischer was detained in Japan in 2004. The U.S. Bush Administration had told Japanese authorities that it had \"revoked\" Fischer's passport to try to bring him to trial in the United States for playing in a World Chess Championship rematch in Yugoslavia in 1992 in alleged violation of U.S. presidential sanctions against economic activity with Yugoslavia. Japanese immigration authorities then held Fischer in Tokyo's Narita Airport detention center for 16 days after refusing to let him leave the country due to an alleged passport violation, before transferring him to a long-term detention center pending deportation to the United States. Bosnitch set up the \"Committee to Free Bobby Fischer\" after visiting Fischer in the Narita Airport detention center. John Bosnitch argued for and won the right to participate as a friend of the court before the Immigration Bureau tribunal charged with handling Fischer's deportation. Bosnitch filibustered for more than 24 hours through two deportation hearings and then worked to legally block the Japanese Immigration Bureau's efforts to deport Fischer to the United States, coordinating a 9-month legal and public relations 'Free Bobby Fischer' campaign until Fischer's eventual release. Fischer was, after receiving full Icelandic citizenship, allowed to leave for Iceland, instead of being deported to the US."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Bobby Fischer start out playing chess with his family?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he born?", "answer": {"text": "Bobby Fischer was born at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1943.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he start playing chess?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_672c6c49d0d948738552b25aaebe1fb2_1_q#0", "question": "Why did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "rewrite": "Why did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Democratic U.S. Senator Donald Stewart decided to run for his second term, but was defeated in the primary. In November, Republican Jeremiah Denton defeated Democrat Jim Folsom, Public Service Commissioner. Incumbent Democrat Mike Gravel ran for a third term, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for re-election, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won re-election to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years prior, further harmed his re-election bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. The sources of Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former U.S. senator from Alaska, began on March 19, 2019 with the formation of an exploratory committee, followed on April 2, 2019 with his campaign filing with the Federal Elections Commission to officially run for the presidency. Gravel's initial intention was not to win the nomination, but rather to inject his platform into the conversation so that his ideas become part of the mainstream, though he announced that he was \"running to win\" on April 29. The campaign was also notable for its young leadership; manager David Oks and chief of staff Henry Williams were only 18 years old. The pair, and other young staffers, developed an online identity and fanbase as the \"Gravel Teens.\" The campaign reached 65,000 donors on July 12, 2019, unofficially qualifying him for the second Democratic presidential primary debate. However, he was left out of the debate as he only qualified via donations (which are given less weight than polling). Gravel indicated in July (as well as early August) that the campaign would come to a close soon, with Gravel's campaign staff stating on Twitter on August 5, 2019, that they will be \"dropping out very soon\". On August 6, 2019, Gravel officially dropped out and eventually endorsed Bernie Sanders, while simultaneously endorsing Tulsi Gabbard to be Sanders's running mate. Had Gravel won the 2020 election, he would have become the oldest president in American history, being 90 years old at the time of the inauguration in January 2021. Gravel has served in the U.S. Senate representing the state of Alaska from 1969 to 1981, as well as the Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967. He gained national attention during his tenure in the Senate for his strong anti-war beliefs, specifically against the War in Vietnam.", "Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign The 2008 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives and United States Senator from Alaska began on April 17, 2006 when he declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 election, in a speech to the National Press Club. His campaign gained an Internet following and national attention due to outspoken debate appearances during 2007, but consistently showed little support in national polls. In the 2008 Democratic caucuses and primaries, he did not win any delegates. Out of the eight candidates for the Democratic nomination for president, he received the fewest votes - less than one percent. In March 2008, Gravel announced that he had joined the Libertarian Party and would seek its presidential nomination, instead of further pursuing the Democratic nomination. In May 2008, Gravel finished fourth at the 2008 Libertarian National Convention and ended both his presidential quest and his political career, until his 2020 presidential campaign. On April 17, 2006, Gravel became the first candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 election, announcing his run in a speech to the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. Short on campaign cash, he took public transportation to get to his announcement. Gravel had spoken out against the war in Iraq since before the invasion of that country began in March 2003. In his announcement he called for immediate cessation of US military involvement in Iraq via his own-drafted U.S. Armed Forces Withdrawal From Iraq Act, and offered a strategy he claimed would get it passed. He unequivocally denounced any possible war with Iran. His announced campaign platform was centered on systemic changes to the U.S. system. Foremost among these were:  Gravel's initial campaign also emphasized his support for a single-payer national health care system, term limits, nuclear disarmament, and same-sex marriage recognition.", "1980 United States Senate election in Alaska The 1980 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Mike Gravel ran for a third term in the United States Senate, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for reelection, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won reelection to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years earlier, further harmed his reelection bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "Electoral history of Mike Gravel  Electoral history of Mike Gravel, Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives (1965\u20131966), United States Senator from Alaska (1969\u20131981), candidate for the 1972 Democratic Party Vice Presidential nomination and 2008 Democratic and later Libertarian Presidential nomination Alaska House of Representatives, 8th District, 1962 (Democratic primary): Alaska House of Representatives, 8th District, 1962 (general election): Alaska's At-large congressional district, 1966 (Democratic primary):  Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1968: Alaska United States Senate election, 1968:  1972 Democratic National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1974: Alaska United States Senate election, 1974:  Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1980:  2008 New Hampshire Democratic Vice Presidential primary: 2008 Democratic presidential primaries: Excluding Florida and Michigan, only primary and caucuses votes: Including Florida and Michigan:   2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries (selected):  2008 Libertarian National Convention (Presidential tally): First ballot: Second ballot: Third ballot: Fourth ballot:"], "answer": {"text": "Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate.", "answer_start": 252}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_672c6c49d0d948738552b25aaebe1fb2_1_q#1", "question": "when did he move to alaska", "rewrite": "When did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign The 2008 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives and United States Senator from Alaska began on April 17, 2006 when he declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 election, in a speech to the National Press Club. His campaign gained an Internet following and national attention due to outspoken debate appearances during 2007, but consistently showed little support in national polls. In the 2008 Democratic caucuses and primaries, he did not win any delegates. Out of the eight candidates for the Democratic nomination for president, he received the fewest votes - less than one percent. In March 2008, Gravel announced that he had joined the Libertarian Party and would seek its presidential nomination, instead of further pursuing the Democratic nomination. In May 2008, Gravel finished fourth at the 2008 Libertarian National Convention and ended both his presidential quest and his political career, until his 2020 presidential campaign. On April 17, 2006, Gravel became the first candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 election, announcing his run in a speech to the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. Short on campaign cash, he took public transportation to get to his announcement. Gravel had spoken out against the war in Iraq since before the invasion of that country began in March 2003. In his announcement he called for immediate cessation of US military involvement in Iraq via his own-drafted U.S. Armed Forces Withdrawal From Iraq Act, and offered a strategy he claimed would get it passed. He unequivocally denounced any possible war with Iran. His announced campaign platform was centered on systemic changes to the U.S. system. Foremost among these were:  Gravel's initial campaign also emphasized his support for a single-payer national health care system, term limits, nuclear disarmament, and same-sex marriage recognition.", "Electoral history of Mike Gravel  Electoral history of Mike Gravel, Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives (1965\u20131966), United States Senator from Alaska (1969\u20131981), candidate for the 1972 Democratic Party Vice Presidential nomination and 2008 Democratic and later Libertarian Presidential nomination Alaska House of Representatives, 8th District, 1962 (Democratic primary): Alaska House of Representatives, 8th District, 1962 (general election): Alaska's At-large congressional district, 1966 (Democratic primary):  Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1968: Alaska United States Senate election, 1968:  1972 Democratic National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1974: Alaska United States Senate election, 1974:  Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1980:  2008 New Hampshire Democratic Vice Presidential primary: 2008 Democratic presidential primaries: Excluding Florida and Michigan, only primary and caucuses votes: Including Florida and Michigan:   2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries (selected):  2008 Libertarian National Convention (Presidential tally): First ballot: Second ballot: Third ballot: Fourth ballot:", "1980 United States Senate election in Alaska The 1980 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Mike Gravel ran for a third term in the United States Senate, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for reelection, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won reelection to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years earlier, further harmed his reelection bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "Democratic U.S. Senator Donald Stewart decided to run for his second term, but was defeated in the primary. In November, Republican Jeremiah Denton defeated Democrat Jim Folsom, Public Service Commissioner. Incumbent Democrat Mike Gravel ran for a third term, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for re-election, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won re-election to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years prior, further harmed his re-election bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. The sources of Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former U.S. senator from Alaska, began on March 19, 2019 with the formation of an exploratory committee, followed on April 2, 2019 with his campaign filing with the Federal Elections Commission to officially run for the presidency. Gravel's initial intention was not to win the nomination, but rather to inject his platform into the conversation so that his ideas become part of the mainstream, though he announced that he was \"running to win\" on April 29. The campaign was also notable for its young leadership; manager David Oks and chief of staff Henry Williams were only 18 years old. The pair, and other young staffers, developed an online identity and fanbase as the \"Gravel Teens.\" The campaign reached 65,000 donors on July 12, 2019, unofficially qualifying him for the second Democratic presidential primary debate. However, he was left out of the debate as he only qualified via donations (which are given less weight than polling). Gravel indicated in July (as well as early August) that the campaign would come to a close soon, with Gravel's campaign staff stating on Twitter on August 5, 2019, that they will be \"dropping out very soon\". On August 6, 2019, Gravel officially dropped out and eventually endorsed Bernie Sanders, while simultaneously endorsing Tulsi Gabbard to be Sanders's running mate. Had Gravel won the 2020 election, he would have become the oldest president in American history, being 90 years old at the time of the inauguration in January 2021. Gravel has served in the U.S. Senate representing the state of Alaska from 1969 to 1981, as well as the Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967. He gained national attention during his tenure in the Senate for his strong anti-war beliefs, specifically against the War in Vietnam."], "answer": {"text": "moved to pre-statehood Alaska in August 1956,", "answer_start": 61}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "answer": {"text": "Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_672c6c49d0d948738552b25aaebe1fb2_1_q#2", "question": "What did he do in alaska", "rewrite": "What did Mike Gravel do in Alaska?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["1980 United States Senate election in Alaska The 1980 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Mike Gravel ran for a third term in the United States Senate, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for reelection, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won reelection to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years earlier, further harmed his reelection bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "Electoral history of Mike Gravel  Electoral history of Mike Gravel, Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives (1965\u20131966), United States Senator from Alaska (1969\u20131981), candidate for the 1972 Democratic Party Vice Presidential nomination and 2008 Democratic and later Libertarian Presidential nomination Alaska House of Representatives, 8th District, 1962 (Democratic primary): Alaska House of Representatives, 8th District, 1962 (general election): Alaska's At-large congressional district, 1966 (Democratic primary):  Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1968: Alaska United States Senate election, 1968:  1972 Democratic National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1974: Alaska United States Senate election, 1974:  Democratic primary for the United States Senate from Alaska, 1980:  2008 New Hampshire Democratic Vice Presidential primary: 2008 Democratic presidential primaries: Excluding Florida and Michigan, only primary and caucuses votes: Including Florida and Michigan:   2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries (selected):  2008 Libertarian National Convention (Presidential tally): First ballot: Second ballot: Third ballot: Fourth ballot:", "Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign The 2008 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives and United States Senator from Alaska began on April 17, 2006 when he declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 election, in a speech to the National Press Club. His campaign gained an Internet following and national attention due to outspoken debate appearances during 2007, but consistently showed little support in national polls. In the 2008 Democratic caucuses and primaries, he did not win any delegates. Out of the eight candidates for the Democratic nomination for president, he received the fewest votes - less than one percent. In March 2008, Gravel announced that he had joined the Libertarian Party and would seek its presidential nomination, instead of further pursuing the Democratic nomination. In May 2008, Gravel finished fourth at the 2008 Libertarian National Convention and ended both his presidential quest and his political career, until his 2020 presidential campaign. On April 17, 2006, Gravel became the first candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 election, announcing his run in a speech to the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. Short on campaign cash, he took public transportation to get to his announcement. Gravel had spoken out against the war in Iraq since before the invasion of that country began in March 2003. In his announcement he called for immediate cessation of US military involvement in Iraq via his own-drafted U.S. Armed Forces Withdrawal From Iraq Act, and offered a strategy he claimed would get it passed. He unequivocally denounced any possible war with Iran. His announced campaign platform was centered on systemic changes to the U.S. system. Foremost among these were:  Gravel's initial campaign also emphasized his support for a single-payer national health care system, term limits, nuclear disarmament, and same-sex marriage recognition.", "Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former U.S. senator from Alaska, began on March 19, 2019 with the formation of an exploratory committee, followed on April 2, 2019 with his campaign filing with the Federal Elections Commission to officially run for the presidency. Gravel's initial intention was not to win the nomination, but rather to inject his platform into the conversation so that his ideas become part of the mainstream, though he announced that he was \"running to win\" on April 29. The campaign was also notable for its young leadership; manager David Oks and chief of staff Henry Williams were only 18 years old. The pair, and other young staffers, developed an online identity and fanbase as the \"Gravel Teens.\" The campaign reached 65,000 donors on July 12, 2019, unofficially qualifying him for the second Democratic presidential primary debate. However, he was left out of the debate as he only qualified via donations (which are given less weight than polling). Gravel indicated in July (as well as early August) that the campaign would come to a close soon, with Gravel's campaign staff stating on Twitter on August 5, 2019, that they will be \"dropping out very soon\". On August 6, 2019, Gravel officially dropped out and eventually endorsed Bernie Sanders, while simultaneously endorsing Tulsi Gabbard to be Sanders's running mate. Had Gravel won the 2020 election, he would have become the oldest president in American history, being 90 years old at the time of the inauguration in January 2021. Gravel has served in the U.S. Senate representing the state of Alaska from 1969 to 1981, as well as the Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967. He gained national attention during his tenure in the Senate for his strong anti-war beliefs, specifically against the War in Vietnam.", "Democratic U.S. Senator Donald Stewart decided to run for his second term, but was defeated in the primary. In November, Republican Jeremiah Denton defeated Democrat Jim Folsom, Public Service Commissioner. Incumbent Democrat Mike Gravel ran for a third term, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for re-election, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won re-election to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years prior, further harmed his re-election bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. The sources of Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest."], "answer": {"text": "Broke when he arrived, he immediately found work in real estate sales until winter arrived.", "answer_start": 382}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "answer": {"text": "Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he move to alaska", "answer": {"text": "moved to pre-statehood Alaska in August 1956,", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_672c6c49d0d948738552b25aaebe1fb2_1_q#3", "question": "What did he do in winter", "rewrite": "What did Mike Gravel do in winter?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Democratic U.S. Senator Donald Stewart decided to run for his second term, but was defeated in the primary. In November, Republican Jeremiah Denton defeated Democrat Jim Folsom, Public Service Commissioner. Incumbent Democrat Mike Gravel ran for a third term, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for re-election, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won re-election to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years prior, further harmed his re-election bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. The sources of Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "1980 United States Senate election in Alaska The 1980 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Mike Gravel ran for a third term in the United States Senate, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for reelection, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won reelection to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years earlier, further harmed his reelection bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "However, the authority for effecting such a constitutional reform is proposed to derive from:  Although seeking broad public support, the National Initiative for Democracy has been largely spearheaded by the work of Mike Gravel. As well as establishing both The Democracy Foundation and the Philadelphia II corporation, he also authored the bulk of the draft text of the Amendment and Act. Both were vetted publicly at the Democracy Symposium held February 16\u201318, 2002 in Williamsburg, Virginia. The effort to enact a national ballot initiate through popular vote is but one in a series of efforts by Mr Gravel toward the same purpose including formal efforts at promulgating constitution amendments in his former capacity as a Senator. Former presidential candidate Ralph Nader supports the initiative. A proposal for a national initiative is featured as part of the plot in the 1977 film \" Billy Jack Goes to Washington\", the fourth and last of the \"Billy Jack\" series. In the film, Billy Jack is appointed a United States Senator. Seeking to keep him out of the Senate on a day when a controversial energy bill is being voted on, another Senator suggests he meet with a grassroots group that day instead. The group is working to pass a national initiative and Billy Jack becomes convinced of their cause. Billy Jack ends up filibustering in the Senate giving a long speech supporting a national initiative. Mike Gravel and the National Initiative were in the documentary, Dear America, directed by Nico Holthaus. The former United States Senator Mike Gravel in 2006 declared his candidacy for the 2008 Democratic nomination for President of the United States motivated primarily by his ardent support for direct democracy and the National Initiative proposal with which he is closely associated.", "The AFL-CIO Working Families Vote Presidential Forum was held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois in front of approximately 15,000 union members and their families. The questions in the debate were to be used to determine if and whom the AFL-CIO would endorse in the Democratic primary. MSNBC host Keith Olbermann hosted the debate, which featured seven of the candidates. Mike Gravel was excluded because he failed to submit a written questionnaire by the August 6 deadline. Gravel claimed that the questionnaire \"fell through the cracks\" and requested to be invited to the debate anyway, which was rejected by the AFL-CIO. Questionnaires were also sent to Republicans but no candidates responded. LGBT network Logo hosted this debate focusing on LGBT issues, moderated by Human Rights Campaign President Joe Solmonese and singer Melissa Etheridge. Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, Bill Richardson, John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, and Mike Gravel participated. Mike Gravel was originally to be excluded from this debate, it being cited that his campaign had not raised enough money to qualify for participation. Rallying from Gravel's supporters reversed this decision. Dodd and Biden both stated scheduling conflicts prevented them from attending. Logo invited the Republicans presidential candidates to a similar debate, but all the candidates declined. ABC News in conjunction with the Iowa Democratic Party held a debate streamed on \"This Week\" moderated by George Stephanopoulos. ABC has been accused of spinning the results of the debate due to extreme differences in the time allotted to candidates. Univision hosted a forum, \"Destino 2008\", in Spanish at the University of Miami's Bank United Center in Coral Gables, Florida and moderated by Univision's anchors Jorge Ramos and Maria Elena Salinas. Joe Biden did not participate in the debate. Bill Richardson and Chris Dodd objected to the debate being conducted in English with simultaneous translation in Spanish.", "Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former U.S. senator from Alaska, began on March 19, 2019 with the formation of an exploratory committee, followed on April 2, 2019 with his campaign filing with the Federal Elections Commission to officially run for the presidency. Gravel's initial intention was not to win the nomination, but rather to inject his platform into the conversation so that his ideas become part of the mainstream, though he announced that he was \"running to win\" on April 29. The campaign was also notable for its young leadership; manager David Oks and chief of staff Henry Williams were only 18 years old. The pair, and other young staffers, developed an online identity and fanbase as the \"Gravel Teens.\" The campaign reached 65,000 donors on July 12, 2019, unofficially qualifying him for the second Democratic presidential primary debate. However, he was left out of the debate as he only qualified via donations (which are given less weight than polling). Gravel indicated in July (as well as early August) that the campaign would come to a close soon, with Gravel's campaign staff stating on Twitter on August 5, 2019, that they will be \"dropping out very soon\". On August 6, 2019, Gravel officially dropped out and eventually endorsed Bernie Sanders, while simultaneously endorsing Tulsi Gabbard to be Sanders's running mate. Had Gravel won the 2020 election, he would have become the oldest president in American history, being 90 years old at the time of the inauguration in January 2021. Gravel has served in the U.S. Senate representing the state of Alaska from 1969 to 1981, as well as the Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967. He gained national attention during his tenure in the Senate for his strong anti-war beliefs, specifically against the War in Vietnam."], "answer": {"text": "Gravel then was employed as a brakeman for the Alaska Railroad, working the snow-clearing train on the Anchorage", "answer_start": 474}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "answer": {"text": "Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he move to alaska", "answer": {"text": "moved to pre-statehood Alaska in August 1956,", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in alaska", "answer": {"text": "Broke when he arrived, he immediately found work in real estate sales until winter arrived.", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_672c6c49d0d948738552b25aaebe1fb2_1_q#4", "question": "What else did he do in alaska", "rewrite": "Besides working as a brakeman for the Alaska railroad, what else did Mike Gravel do in Alaska?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Democratic U.S. Senator Donald Stewart decided to run for his second term, but was defeated in the primary. In November, Republican Jeremiah Denton defeated Democrat Jim Folsom, Public Service Commissioner. Incumbent Democrat Mike Gravel ran for a third term, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for re-election, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won re-election to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years prior, further harmed his re-election bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. The sources of Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "Gravel \"decided to become a pioneer in a faraway place,\" and moved to pre-statehood Alaska in August 1956, without funds or a job, looking for a place where someone without social or political connections could be a viable candidate for public office. Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate. Broke when he arrived, he immediately found work in real estate sales until winter arrived. Gravel then was employed as a brakeman for the Alaska Railroad, working the snow-clearing train on the Anchorage-Fairbanks run. Subsequently, he opened a small real estate brokerage in Anchorage (the Territory of Alaska not requiring a license) and saved enough so as not to have to work the railroad again. Gravel joined the Anchorage Unitarian Universalist Fellowship, and continued a sporadic relationship with the movement throughout his life. Gravel married Rita Jeannette Martin, who had been Anchorage's \"Miss Fur Rendezvous\" of 1958, on April 29, 1959. They had two children, Martin Anthony Gravel and Lynne Denise Gravel, born c. 1960 and 1962 respectively. Meanwhile, he went to Washington, D.C. in 1957 to campaign for Alaskan statehood via the \"Tennessee Plan\": dressed as Paul Revere, he rode with a petition to the steps of the U.S. Capitol. Seeing Alaska as a wide-open place with no political establishment or entrenched interests, and using the slogan \"Gravel, the Roadbed to Prosperity\", he ran for the territorial legislature in 1958 but lost. He went on a national speaking tour concerning tax reform in 1959, sponsored by the Jaycees. He ran without avail for the City Council in Anchorage in 1960.", "Gravel \"decided to become a pioneer in a faraway place,\" and moved to pre-statehood Alaska in August 1956, without funds or a job, looking for a place where someone without social or political connections could be a viable candidate for public office. Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate. Broke when he arrived, he immediately found work in real estate sales until winter arrived. Gravel then was employed as a brakeman for the Alaska Railroad, working the snow-clearing train on the Anchorage-Fairbanks run. Subsequently, he opened a small real estate brokerage in Anchorage (the Territory of Alaska not requiring a license) and saved enough so as not to have to work the railroad again. Gravel joined the Anchorage Unitarian Universalist Fellowship, and continued a sporadic relationship with the movement throughout his life. Gravel married Rita Jeannette Martin, who had been Anchorage's \"Miss Fur Rendezvous\" of 1958, on April 29, 1959. They had two children, Martin Anthony Gravel and Lynne Denise Gravel, born c. 1960 and 1962 respectively. Meanwhile, he went to Washington, D.C. in 1957 to campaign for Alaskan statehood via the \"Tennessee Plan\": dressed as Paul Revere, he rode with a petition to the steps of the U.S. Capitol. Seeing Alaska as a wide-open place with no political establishment or entrenched interests, and using the slogan \"Gravel, the Roadbed to Prosperity\", he ran for the territorial legislature in 1958 but lost. He went on a national speaking tour concerning tax reform in 1959, sponsored by the Jaycees. He ran without avail for the City Council in Anchorage in 1960.", "1980 United States Senate election in Alaska The 1980 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Mike Gravel ran for a third term in the United States Senate, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for reelection, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won reelection to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years earlier, further harmed his reelection bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "The company, which was owned first by Paul Greimann and later by Walt Conant, mainly linked downtown Fairbanks with the university campus and the military bases. Commercial airlines connect Fairbanks to the rest of Alaska as well as the lower 48 and select international destinations via Fairbanks International Airport. Fairbanks is the smallest city in the United States to be served by transatlantic flights, as Condor operates direct flight to Frankfurt in the summer tourist season. After large-scale gold mining began north of Fairbanks, miners wanted to build a railroad from the steamboat docks on the Chena River to the mine sites in the hills north of the city. The result was the Tanana Mines Railroad, which started operations in September 1905, using what had been the first steam locomotive in the Yukon Territory. In 1907, the railroad was reorganized and named the Tanana Valley Railroad. The railroad continued expanding until 1910, when the first gold boom began to falter and the introduction of automobiles into Fairbanks took business away from the railroad. Despite these problems, railroad backers envisioned a rail line extending from Fairbanks to Seward on the Gulf of Alaska, home to the Alaska Central Railway. In 1914, the US Congress appropriated $35 million for construction of the Alaska Railroad system, but work was delayed by the outbreak of World War I. Three years later, the Alaska Railroad purchased the Tanana Valley Railroad, which had suffered from the wartime economic problems. Rail workers built a line extending northwest from Fairbanks, then south to Nenana, where President Warren G. Harding hammered in the ceremonial final spike in 1923. The rail yards of the Tanana Valley Railroad were converted for use by the Alaska Railroad, and Fairbanks became the northern end of the line and its second-largest depot. From 1923 to 2004, the Alaska Railroad's Fairbanks terminal was in downtown Fairbanks, just north of the Chena River."], "answer": {"text": "Subsequently, he opened a small real estate brokerage in Anchorage", "answer_start": 602}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "answer": {"text": "Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he move to alaska", "answer": {"text": "moved to pre-statehood Alaska in August 1956,", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in alaska", "answer": {"text": "Broke when he arrived, he immediately found work in real estate sales until winter arrived.", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in winter", "answer": {"text": "Gravel then was employed as a brakeman for the Alaska Railroad, working the snow-clearing train on the Anchorage", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_672c6c49d0d948738552b25aaebe1fb2_1_q#5", "question": "Did he meet anyone up there?", "rewrite": "Did Mike Gravel meet anyone up there?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Mike Gravel 2020 presidential campaign The 2020 presidential campaign of Mike Gravel, former U.S. senator from Alaska, began on March 19, 2019 with the formation of an exploratory committee, followed on April 2, 2019 with his campaign filing with the Federal Elections Commission to officially run for the presidency. Gravel's initial intention was not to win the nomination, but rather to inject his platform into the conversation so that his ideas become part of the mainstream, though he announced that he was \"running to win\" on April 29. The campaign was also notable for its young leadership; manager David Oks and chief of staff Henry Williams were only 18 years old. The pair, and other young staffers, developed an online identity and fanbase as the \"Gravel Teens.\" The campaign reached 65,000 donors on July 12, 2019, unofficially qualifying him for the second Democratic presidential primary debate. However, he was left out of the debate as he only qualified via donations (which are given less weight than polling). Gravel indicated in July (as well as early August) that the campaign would come to a close soon, with Gravel's campaign staff stating on Twitter on August 5, 2019, that they will be \"dropping out very soon\". On August 6, 2019, Gravel officially dropped out and eventually endorsed Bernie Sanders, while simultaneously endorsing Tulsi Gabbard to be Sanders's running mate. Had Gravel won the 2020 election, he would have become the oldest president in American history, being 90 years old at the time of the inauguration in January 2021. Gravel has served in the U.S. Senate representing the state of Alaska from 1969 to 1981, as well as the Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives from 1965 to 1967. He gained national attention during his tenure in the Senate for his strong anti-war beliefs, specifically against the War in Vietnam.", "1980 United States Senate election in Alaska The 1980 United States Senate election in Alaska was held on November 4, 1980. Incumbent Democratic United States Senator Mike Gravel ran for a third term in the United States Senate, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for reelection, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won reelection to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years earlier, further harmed his reelection bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest.", "However, the authority for effecting such a constitutional reform is proposed to derive from:  Although seeking broad public support, the National Initiative for Democracy has been largely spearheaded by the work of Mike Gravel. As well as establishing both The Democracy Foundation and the Philadelphia II corporation, he also authored the bulk of the draft text of the Amendment and Act. Both were vetted publicly at the Democracy Symposium held February 16\u201318, 2002 in Williamsburg, Virginia. The effort to enact a national ballot initiate through popular vote is but one in a series of efforts by Mr Gravel toward the same purpose including formal efforts at promulgating constitution amendments in his former capacity as a Senator. Former presidential candidate Ralph Nader supports the initiative. A proposal for a national initiative is featured as part of the plot in the 1977 film \" Billy Jack Goes to Washington\", the fourth and last of the \"Billy Jack\" series. In the film, Billy Jack is appointed a United States Senator. Seeking to keep him out of the Senate on a day when a controversial energy bill is being voted on, another Senator suggests he meet with a grassroots group that day instead. The group is working to pass a national initiative and Billy Jack becomes convinced of their cause. Billy Jack ends up filibustering in the Senate giving a long speech supporting a national initiative. Mike Gravel and the National Initiative were in the documentary, Dear America, directed by Nico Holthaus. The former United States Senator Mike Gravel in 2006 declared his candidacy for the 2008 Democratic nomination for President of the United States motivated primarily by his ardent support for direct democracy and the National Initiative proposal with which he is closely associated.", "The AFL-CIO Working Families Vote Presidential Forum was held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois in front of approximately 15,000 union members and their families. The questions in the debate were to be used to determine if and whom the AFL-CIO would endorse in the Democratic primary. MSNBC host Keith Olbermann hosted the debate, which featured seven of the candidates. Mike Gravel was excluded because he failed to submit a written questionnaire by the August 6 deadline. Gravel claimed that the questionnaire \"fell through the cracks\" and requested to be invited to the debate anyway, which was rejected by the AFL-CIO. Questionnaires were also sent to Republicans but no candidates responded. LGBT network Logo hosted this debate focusing on LGBT issues, moderated by Human Rights Campaign President Joe Solmonese and singer Melissa Etheridge. Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, Bill Richardson, John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, and Mike Gravel participated. Mike Gravel was originally to be excluded from this debate, it being cited that his campaign had not raised enough money to qualify for participation. Rallying from Gravel's supporters reversed this decision. Dodd and Biden both stated scheduling conflicts prevented them from attending. Logo invited the Republicans presidential candidates to a similar debate, but all the candidates declined. ABC News in conjunction with the Iowa Democratic Party held a debate streamed on \"This Week\" moderated by George Stephanopoulos. ABC has been accused of spinning the results of the debate due to extreme differences in the time allotted to candidates. Univision hosted a forum, \"Destino 2008\", in Spanish at the University of Miami's Bank United Center in Coral Gables, Florida and moderated by Univision's anchors Jorge Ramos and Maria Elena Salinas. Joe Biden did not participate in the debate. Bill Richardson and Chris Dodd objected to the debate being conducted in English with simultaneous translation in Spanish.", "Democratic U.S. Senator Donald Stewart decided to run for his second term, but was defeated in the primary. In November, Republican Jeremiah Denton defeated Democrat Jim Folsom, Public Service Commissioner. Incumbent Democrat Mike Gravel ran for a third term, but lost in the Democratic primary to Clark Gruening, a former state representative who was the grandson of Ernest Gruening, whom Gravel had defeated twelve years prior in an election for the same seat. Gruening later went on to lose the general election to Republican nominee Frank Murkowski, a banker. After the loss of Gravel's seat, no Alaska Democrat would win a congressional race again until Mark Begich's narrow, protracted triumph in Alaska's 2008 Senate election. First elected in 1968, by 1980 two-term Democratic incumbent Mike Gravel had become noted for a filibuster that attempted to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for including the full text of the Pentagon Papers in the Congressional Record. Gravel faced a challenging bid for re-election, complicated by the fact that his triumph over Ernest Gruening years prior had made him a pariah in the Alaska Democratic Party. Though Gravel had campaigned to be selected as George McGovern's running mate in the 1972 U.S. presidential election and had easily won re-election to the Senate in 1974, he had never established a strong political base in Alaska. The passage of a controversial land bill earlier in the year, as opposed to a compromise bill worked out by fellow Senator Ted Stevens that failed thanks to Gravel two years prior, further harmed his re-election bid. A group of Democrats, including future governor Steve Cowper, campaigned against Gravel on the land bill issue. The sources of Gravel's campaign funds, some of which came from political action committees outside the state, also became an issue in the contest."], "answer": {"text": "Gravel married Rita Jeannette Martin,", "answer_start": 922}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Why did Mike Gravel move to Alaska?", "answer": {"text": "Alaska's voting age of 19, less than most other states' 21, played a role in his decision, as did its newness and cooler climate.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he move to alaska", "answer": {"text": "moved to pre-statehood Alaska in August 1956,", "answer_start": 61, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in alaska", "answer": {"text": "Broke when he arrived, he immediately found work in real estate sales until winter arrived.", "answer_start": 382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in winter", "answer": {"text": "Gravel then was employed as a brakeman for the Alaska Railroad, working the snow-clearing train on the Anchorage", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in alaska", "answer": {"text": "Subsequently, he opened a small real estate brokerage in Anchorage", "answer_start": 602, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#0", "question": "What was Emergence?", "rewrite": "What was Emergence?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["These patterns may be very illuminating and important, but the underlying causal agencies must be separately specified (though often they are not). But that aside, the game of chess illustrates ... why any laws or rules of emergence and evolution are insufficient. Even in a chess game, you cannot use the rules to predict 'history' \u2013 i.e., the course of any given game. Indeed, you cannot even reliably predict the next move in a chess game. Why? Because the 'system' involves more than the rules of the game. It also includes the players and their unfolding, moment-by-moment decisions among a very large number of available options at each choice point. The game of chess is inescapably historical, even though it is also constrained and shaped by a set of rules, not to mention the laws of physics. Moreover, and this is a key point, the game of chess is also shaped by teleonomic, cybernetic, feedback-driven influences. It is not simply a self-ordered process; it involves an organized, 'purposeful' activity. Usage of the notion \"emergence\" may generally be subdivided into two perspectives, that of \"weak emergence\" and \"strong emergence\". One paper discussing this division is \"Weak Emergence\", by philosopher Mark Bedau. In terms of physical systems, weak emergence is a type of emergence in which the emergent property is amenable to computer simulation (for example, the formation of a traffic jam, the structure of a flight of starlings or a school of fishes, or the formation of galaxies). Crucial in these simulations is that the interacting members retain their independence. If not (for example in a chemical reaction), a new entity is formed with new, emergent properties: this is called strong emergence, which it is argued cannot be simulated by a computer.", "It also has somewhat lengthy antennae and typically exhibits a black/dark red color. Along with an increased size, a dominant female in a \"B. j. juncea\" colony can be identified by abdominal wiggling behavior, as subordinate females and other males or workers do not exhibit this sort of behavior. \"Belonogaster juncea juncea\" has been sighted primarily in Africa and in various parts of Asia such as Saudi Arabia and India. They also are found in both tropical and temperate climates. \" B. j. juncea\" will colonize on buildings with great frequency, as evidenced by the fact that multiple studies have been conducted on colonies found in overhangs and roofs of the buildings of the University of Yaound\u00e9 in Cameroon, Africa. Some nests have also been found on large boulders. Their nests are made of paper, as they are a type of African Paper Wasp, and they contain a single comb. Typically, colonies consist of no more than 20 individuals. Colony foundation occurs throughout the year, independent of the seasons, and has an average cycle time of roughly seven months. Two phases make up the colony cycle: the pre-emergence phase and the post-emergence phase. The pre-emergence phase is the time between the founding of the nest by one or multiple foundresses and the emergence of the first adult. During this phase, labor begins to become divided between dominant and subordinate individuals. For instance, dominant individuals will spend much of their time resting and building the cells in the colony, while subordinate individuals will spend time outside or on the edge of the nest. The pre-emergence phase is typically just over 71 days long and is divided into three portions:   The post-emergence phase is the time between the emergence of the first adult and the abandonment of the colony, and reproductive episodes usually occur during this phase as well.", "On the other hand chaotic, unpredictable behaviour can also be seen as subjective emergent, while at a microscopic scale the movement of the constituent parts can be fully deterministic. In religion, emergence grounds expressions of religious naturalism and syntheism in which a sense of the sacred is perceived in the workings of entirely naturalistic processes by which more complex forms arise or evolve from simpler forms. Examples are detailed in \"The Sacred Emergence of Nature\" by Ursula Goodenough & Terrence Deacon and \"Beyond Reductionism: Reinventing the Sacred\" by Stuart Kauffman, both from 2006, and in \"Syntheism \u2013 Creating God in The Internet Age\" by Alexander Bard & Jan S\u00f6derqvist from 2014. An early argument (1904\u201305) for the emergence of social formations, in part stemming from religion, can be found in Max Weber's most famous work, \"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism\". Recently, the emergence of a new social system is linked with the emergence of order from nonlinear relationships among multiple interacting units, where multiple interacting units are individual thoughts, consciousness, and actions. In art, emergence is used to explore the origins of novelty, creativity, and authorship. Some art/literary theorists (Wheeler, 2006; Alexander, 2011) have proposed alternatives to postmodern understandings of \"authorship\" using the complexity sciences and emergence theory. They contend that artistic selfhood and meaning are emergent, relatively objective phenomena. Michael J. Pearce has used emergence to describe the experience of works of art in relation to contemporary neuroscience. Practicing artist Leonel Moura, in turn, attributes to his \"artbots\" a real, if nonetheless rudimentary, creativity based on emergent principles.", "Season of the Emergence The Season of the Emergence () was the second season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars. It fell after the Season of the Inundation (') and before the Season of the Harvest ('). The pronunciation of the Ancient Egyptian name for the Season of the Emergence is uncertain as the hieroglyphs do not record its vowels. It is conventionally transliterated Peret or Proyet. The name refers to the emergence of the fertile land beside the Nile from its annual flood and to the growth of vegetation and crops over the following season. It is also known as Winter. In the lunar calendar, the intercalary month was added as needed to maintain the heliacal rising of Sirius in the fourth month of the season of the Harvest. This meant that the Season of the Emergence usually lasted from January to May. Because the precise timing of the flood varied, the months of \"Emergence\" no longer precisely reflected the state of the river but the season was usually the time for the planting and growth of Egyptian grain. In the civil calendar, the lack of leap years into the Ptolemaic and Roman periods meant the season lost about one day every four years and was not stable relative to the solar year or Gregorian calendar. The Season of the Emergence was divided into four months. In the lunar calendar, each began on a dawn when the waning crescent moon was no longer visible. In the civil calendar, each consisted of exactly 30 days divided into three 10-day weeks known as decans. In ancient Egypt, these months were usually recorded by their number within the season: I, II, III, and IV \"Prt\". They were also known by the names of their principal festivals, which came to be increasingly used after the Persian occupation. These then became the basis for the names of the months of the Coptic calendar.", "Emergence delirium Emergence delirium is a condition in which emergence from general anesthesia is accompanied by psychomotor agitation. Some see a relation to pavor nocturnus while others see a relation to the excitement stage of anesthesia. The pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale may be used to measure the severity of this condition in children. Elderly people are more likely to experience confusion or problems with thinking following surgery, which can occur up to several days postoperatively. These cognitive problems can last for weeks or months, and can affect the patients\u2019 ability to plan, focus, remember, or undertake activities of daily living. a review of Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery showed little or no difference in postoperative delirium according to the type of anaesthetic maintenance agents from five studies (321 participants). The authors of this review were uncertain whether maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol-based Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) or with inhalational agents can affect incidences of postoperative delirium. The overall incidence of emergence delirium is 5.3%, with a significantly greater incidence (12\u201313%) in children. The incidence of emergence delirium after halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane ranges from 2\u201355%. Most emergence delirium in the literature describes agitated emergence. Unless a delirium detection tool is used, it is difficult to distinguish if the agitated emergence from anesthesia was from delirium or pain or fear, etc. A research study of 400 adult patients emerging from general anesthesia in the PACU were assessed for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU"], "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#1", "question": "How many times did she preform there?", "rewrite": "How many times did Leontyne Price perform there?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Pfeiffer John \"Jack\" Pfeiffer (September 29, 1920 -February 8, 1996),was a classical recording producer, a design engineer, and an occasional electronic music composer. Born in Tucson, Arizona, Pfeiffer studied music and engineering at the University of Arizona and Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas. After naval service in World War II, he moved to New York, where he attended Columbia University and worked as a jazz pianist before joining RCA Victor as a design engineer in 1949. Pfeiffer was best known as a producer of classical music. His reissues of the complete recordings of Arturo Toscanini, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Jascha Heifetz were critically praised and won several awards. The Heifetz Collection received a Grammy award in the historical category. Pfeiffer also recorded contemporary artists, including the mezzo-sopranos Marilyn Horne and Frederica von Stade, and Xiang-Dong Kong, a young Chinese pianist. Pfeiffer also produced recordings by the pianists Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein and Van Cliburn, the harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, and the soprano Leontyne Price. In addition to Toscanini, Pfeiffer worked with Fritz Reiner, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Ormandy and Charles Munch, and produced their initial \"Living Stereo\" recordings. In addition to his recording work, Mr. Pfeiffer was the audio producer for several televised classical music programs, including \"Heifetz on Television,\" for CBS; \"Horowitz Live,\" for NBC; the White House concerts by Horowitz, the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich and the soprano Leontyne Price, as well as installments of \"Live From Lincoln Center\" and \"Live From The Met.\"", "Flagello possessed a dark and very rich voice with a remarkable upper register extending to high A. He left an impressive discography which includes \"Cos\u00ec fan tutte\", opposite Leontyne Price, Tatiana Troyanos, George Shirley, Sherrill Milnes, under Erich Leinsdorf, \"Lucrezia Borgia\", opposite Montserrat Caball\u00e9, Alfredo Kraus, Shirley Verrett, \"Lucia di Lammermoor\" and \"Luisa Miller\", both opposite Anna Moffo and Carlo Bergonzi, \"Rigoletto\", opposite Robert Merrill and under Georg Solti, \"Ernani\", \"Ballo in maschera\", \"Forza del destino\", all opposite Leontyne Price. He also recorded Handel's \"Alcina\" and Bellini's \"I Puritani\", both opposite Joan Sutherland. He also interpreted the role of Harapha in the famous Archiv recording of Handel's oratorio \"Samson\" (1968). Flagello also enjoyed a successful international career, appearing frequently in Vienna, Milan, Berlin, London, and other places. In addition to his operatic career, he had a small role in the flashback sequences in \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974) as an impresario threatened by Don Fanucci. Ezio Flagello retired from the stage in 1987. He was the brother of the composer Nicolas Flagello. He was married to Italian-American writer Anna Mione, with whom he had four children. He died at his Palm Bay, Florida home on March 19, 2009.", "David Garvey David William Garvey (1922 \u2013 February 14, 1995) was an American pianist and academic. He is known as the regular accompanist of Leontyne Price and other performers, including violinists Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, he studied at the Juilliard School with Beveridge Webster, graduating in 1948. He met Leontyne Price there, and began in 1953 to perform with her regularly on tours abroad and in the White House. In concerts with her, he was announced as pianist, not as accompanist. He also collaborated with singers William Blankenship, Elizabeth Mannion, Mary O'Hara, Lucia Popp, Hermann Prey, and Jennie Tourel, and with violinists Joseph Fuchs, Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin, Charles Treger, and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska, among others. Garvey taught at the University of Texas at Austin from 1976. He died in New York City. Garvey recorded the three Violin Sonatas by Frederick Delius with Wanda Wi\u0142komirska in 1987. A review in \"Gramophone\" noted that their rendition was the best of this music until then, saying: \"Both ... have the secret of preserving the music's heartbeat and keeping it moving forward, no matter how slow the tempo might be, and however flexibly they may phrase within a basic pulse.\" A recording of the first recital that Leontyne Price gave at Carnegie Hall on 28 February 1965 was issued first in 2002, and reviewed as exceptional.", "Ryland Davies, Ivan Davis, Placido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Giacomotti, Robert El Hage, Sherrill Milnes, Fritz Peter, Leontyne Price, Margherita Rinaldi, Janis Vakarelis, and Nicola Zaccaria. During the course of a professional musical career which ranged over four decades, Lewis earned critical acclaim from a variety of leading music critics. As early as 1961, Albert Golberg of \"The Los Angeles Times\" noted that Lewis possessed a conductor's natural flair for commanding his orchestra. Donal Henahan of \"The New York Times\" noted in 1972 that Lewis' debut with the Metropolitan Orchestra was highly successful and that Lewis possessed a complete understanding of Puccini's broad musical lyricism. Harold C. Schonberg of \"The New York Times\" observed that his insightful interpretation of Rossini's \"Siege of Corinth\" with Marilyn Horne at Carnegie Hall moved the audience to pandemonium. This was immediately followed by a surge of ovations which brought the concert to a standstill for nearly five minutes. For his outstanding contributions to music, Henry J. Lewis was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame in 2015. His recording with Leontyne Price for RCA Red Seal (ARL1-3522, 1980) of \"Great Soprano Arias from Handel and Britten\" was awarded the Grammy Award in 1981 in the category of Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance. Lewis was also the recipient of several honorary degrees from St. Peter's University (1972), Rutger's University (1969) and Rider University (1969). From 1960 to 1979, Lewis was married to opera singer Marilyn Horne, who often credits him with her early development as a singer. They had a daughter, Angela.", "She created the role of Erika in Samuel Barber's opera \"Vanessa\" on January 15, 1958, and the role of Charmian in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" by the same composer, for the opening of new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, on September 16, 1966. Elias also performed abroad, notably as \"La Cenerentola\" with Scottish Opera in 1970, as Carmen at the Vienna State Opera in 1972, and as Baba the Turk in Stravinsky's \"The Rake's Progress\" at the Glyndebourne Festival in 1975. In the realm of live broadcasting, Elias' performance as Bathsheba under the direction of Alfredo Antonini for CBS Television's premier of Ezra Laderman's opera \"And David Wept,\" earned Ellias critical acclaim in 1971. She made numerous recordings, including Cherubino in \"The Marriage of Figaro\" under Erich Leinsdorf, Preziosilla in \"La forza del destino\" and Laura in \"La Gioconda\", both opposite Zinka Milanov, Giuseppe Di Stefano and Leonard Warren, Suzuki in \"Madama Butterfly\" twice, first opposite Anna Moffo in 1957, and then opposite Leontyne Price in 1962, Azucena in \"Il trovatore\" opposite Leontyne Price, Richard Tucker, Giorgio Tozzi, as well as Maddalena in \"Rigoletto\", Meg Page in \"Falstaff\" (both under Georg Solti in 1963) and Judith in Bart\u00f3k's \"Bluebeard's Castle\". She was the mezzo/contralto soloist in concert works like Berlioz's \"Rom\u00e9o et Juliette\" and the Verdi \"Requiem\"."], "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from what was mentioned, what else was interesting about this article about Leontyne Price?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Flagello possessed a dark and very rich voice with a remarkable upper register extending to high A. He left an impressive discography which includes \"Cos\u00ec fan tutte\", opposite Leontyne Price, Tatiana Troyanos, George Shirley, Sherrill Milnes, under Erich Leinsdorf, \"Lucrezia Borgia\", opposite Montserrat Caball\u00e9, Alfredo Kraus, Shirley Verrett, \"Lucia di Lammermoor\" and \"Luisa Miller\", both opposite Anna Moffo and Carlo Bergonzi, \"Rigoletto\", opposite Robert Merrill and under Georg Solti, \"Ernani\", \"Ballo in maschera\", \"Forza del destino\", all opposite Leontyne Price. He also recorded Handel's \"Alcina\" and Bellini's \"I Puritani\", both opposite Joan Sutherland. He also interpreted the role of Harapha in the famous Archiv recording of Handel's oratorio \"Samson\" (1968). Flagello also enjoyed a successful international career, appearing frequently in Vienna, Milan, Berlin, London, and other places. In addition to his operatic career, he had a small role in the flashback sequences in \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974) as an impresario threatened by Don Fanucci. Ezio Flagello retired from the stage in 1987. He was the brother of the composer Nicolas Flagello. He was married to Italian-American writer Anna Mione, with whom he had four children. He died at his Palm Bay, Florida home on March 19, 2009.", "David Garvey David William Garvey (1922 \u2013 February 14, 1995) was an American pianist and academic. He is known as the regular accompanist of Leontyne Price and other performers, including violinists Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, he studied at the Juilliard School with Beveridge Webster, graduating in 1948. He met Leontyne Price there, and began in 1953 to perform with her regularly on tours abroad and in the White House. In concerts with her, he was announced as pianist, not as accompanist. He also collaborated with singers William Blankenship, Elizabeth Mannion, Mary O'Hara, Lucia Popp, Hermann Prey, and Jennie Tourel, and with violinists Joseph Fuchs, Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin, Charles Treger, and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska, among others. Garvey taught at the University of Texas at Austin from 1976. He died in New York City. Garvey recorded the three Violin Sonatas by Frederick Delius with Wanda Wi\u0142komirska in 1987. A review in \"Gramophone\" noted that their rendition was the best of this music until then, saying: \"Both ... have the secret of preserving the music's heartbeat and keeping it moving forward, no matter how slow the tempo might be, and however flexibly they may phrase within a basic pulse.\" A recording of the first recital that Leontyne Price gave at Carnegie Hall on 28 February 1965 was issued first in 2002, and reviewed as exceptional.", "William Warfield William Caesar Warfield (22 January 1920 \u2013 25 August 2002), was an American concert bass-baritone singer and actor. One of his earliest professional engagements was in Marc Blitzstein's Broadway opera, Regina. His breakthrough came when he gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall in 1950. He went on to produce a highly acclaimed album of selections from Porgy and Bess with Leontyne Price in 1963. Warfield was born in West Helena, Arkansas, the oldest of five sons of a Baptist minister. He grew up in Rochester, New York, where his father was called to serve as pastor of Mt. Vernon Church. He gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall on 19 March 1950. He was quickly invited by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to tour Australia and give 35 concerts. In 1952, Warfield performed in \"Porgy and Bess\" during a tour of Europe sponsored by the U.S. State Department (he made six separate tours for the US Department of State, more than any other American solo artist.) In this production he played opposite the opera star Leontyne Price, whom he soon married, but the demands of two separate careers left them little time together. They divorced in 1972, but were featured together in a 1963 studio recording of excerpts from \"Porgy and Bess\". According to a recent exhibit about World War Two, Warfield was the only African American member of the \"Ritchie Boys\", thousands of soldiers who were trained at Fort Ritchie, Maryland. It was an intelligence center where hundreds of Jewish recruits who fled Nazi Germany for the United States were trained to interrogate their one-time countrymen. According to the exhibit at the Zekelman Holocaust Memorial Center in Farmington Hills, Michigan, Warfield was brought to the camp because of his strong German skills which he perfected while studying music.", "John Pfeiffer John \"Jack\" Pfeiffer (September 29, 1920 -February 8, 1996),was a classical recording producer, a design engineer, and an occasional electronic music composer. Born in Tucson, Arizona, Pfeiffer studied music and engineering at the University of Arizona and Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas. After naval service in World War II, he moved to New York, where he attended Columbia University and worked as a jazz pianist before joining RCA Victor as a design engineer in 1949. Pfeiffer was best known as a producer of classical music. His reissues of the complete recordings of Arturo Toscanini, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Jascha Heifetz were critically praised and won several awards. The Heifetz Collection received a Grammy award in the historical category. Pfeiffer also recorded contemporary artists, including the mezzo-sopranos Marilyn Horne and Frederica von Stade, and Xiang-Dong Kong, a young Chinese pianist. Pfeiffer also produced recordings by the pianists Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein and Van Cliburn, the harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, and the soprano Leontyne Price. In addition to Toscanini, Pfeiffer worked with Fritz Reiner, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Ormandy and Charles Munch, and produced their initial \"Living Stereo\" recordings. In addition to his recording work, Mr. Pfeiffer was the audio producer for several televised classical music programs, including \"Heifetz on Television,\" for CBS; \"Horowitz Live,\" for NBC; the White House concerts by Horowitz, the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich and the soprano Leontyne Price, as well as installments of \"Live From Lincoln Center\" and \"Live From The Met.\"", "Ryland Davies, Ivan Davis, Placido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Giacomotti, Robert El Hage, Sherrill Milnes, Fritz Peter, Leontyne Price, Margherita Rinaldi, Janis Vakarelis, and Nicola Zaccaria. During the course of a professional musical career which ranged over four decades, Lewis earned critical acclaim from a variety of leading music critics. As early as 1961, Albert Golberg of \"The Los Angeles Times\" noted that Lewis possessed a conductor's natural flair for commanding his orchestra. Donal Henahan of \"The New York Times\" noted in 1972 that Lewis' debut with the Metropolitan Orchestra was highly successful and that Lewis possessed a complete understanding of Puccini's broad musical lyricism. Harold C. Schonberg of \"The New York Times\" observed that his insightful interpretation of Rossini's \"Siege of Corinth\" with Marilyn Horne at Carnegie Hall moved the audience to pandemonium. This was immediately followed by a surge of ovations which brought the concert to a standstill for nearly five minutes. For his outstanding contributions to music, Henry J. Lewis was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame in 2015. His recording with Leontyne Price for RCA Red Seal (ARL1-3522, 1980) of \"Great Soprano Arias from Handel and Britten\" was awarded the Grammy Award in 1981 in the category of Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance. Lewis was also the recipient of several honorary degrees from St. Peter's University (1972), Rutger's University (1969) and Rider University (1969). From 1960 to 1979, Lewis was married to opera singer Marilyn Horne, who often credits him with her early development as a singer. They had a daughter, Angela."], "answer": {"text": "becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "answer_start": 1513}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many times did she preform there?", "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#3", "question": "Did she get an award?", "rewrite": "Did Leontyne Price get an award?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Ryland Davies, Ivan Davis, Placido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Giacomotti, Robert El Hage, Sherrill Milnes, Fritz Peter, Leontyne Price, Margherita Rinaldi, Janis Vakarelis, and Nicola Zaccaria. During the course of a professional musical career which ranged over four decades, Lewis earned critical acclaim from a variety of leading music critics. As early as 1961, Albert Golberg of \"The Los Angeles Times\" noted that Lewis possessed a conductor's natural flair for commanding his orchestra. Donal Henahan of \"The New York Times\" noted in 1972 that Lewis' debut with the Metropolitan Orchestra was highly successful and that Lewis possessed a complete understanding of Puccini's broad musical lyricism. Harold C. Schonberg of \"The New York Times\" observed that his insightful interpretation of Rossini's \"Siege of Corinth\" with Marilyn Horne at Carnegie Hall moved the audience to pandemonium. This was immediately followed by a surge of ovations which brought the concert to a standstill for nearly five minutes. For his outstanding contributions to music, Henry J. Lewis was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame in 2015. His recording with Leontyne Price for RCA Red Seal (ARL1-3522, 1980) of \"Great Soprano Arias from Handel and Britten\" was awarded the Grammy Award in 1981 in the category of Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance. Lewis was also the recipient of several honorary degrees from St. Peter's University (1972), Rutger's University (1969) and Rider University (1969). From 1960 to 1979, Lewis was married to opera singer Marilyn Horne, who often credits him with her early development as a singer. They had a daughter, Angela.", "She created the role of Erika in Samuel Barber's opera \"Vanessa\" on January 15, 1958, and the role of Charmian in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" by the same composer, for the opening of new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, on September 16, 1966. Elias also performed abroad, notably as \"La Cenerentola\" with Scottish Opera in 1970, as Carmen at the Vienna State Opera in 1972, and as Baba the Turk in Stravinsky's \"The Rake's Progress\" at the Glyndebourne Festival in 1975. In the realm of live broadcasting, Elias' performance as Bathsheba under the direction of Alfredo Antonini for CBS Television's premier of Ezra Laderman's opera \"And David Wept,\" earned Ellias critical acclaim in 1971. She made numerous recordings, including Cherubino in \"The Marriage of Figaro\" under Erich Leinsdorf, Preziosilla in \"La forza del destino\" and Laura in \"La Gioconda\", both opposite Zinka Milanov, Giuseppe Di Stefano and Leonard Warren, Suzuki in \"Madama Butterfly\" twice, first opposite Anna Moffo in 1957, and then opposite Leontyne Price in 1962, Azucena in \"Il trovatore\" opposite Leontyne Price, Richard Tucker, Giorgio Tozzi, as well as Maddalena in \"Rigoletto\", Meg Page in \"Falstaff\" (both under Georg Solti in 1963) and Judith in Bart\u00f3k's \"Bluebeard's Castle\". She was the mezzo/contralto soloist in concert works like Berlioz's \"Rom\u00e9o et Juliette\" and the Verdi \"Requiem\".", "David Garvey David William Garvey (1922 \u2013 February 14, 1995) was an American pianist and academic. He is known as the regular accompanist of Leontyne Price and other performers, including violinists Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, he studied at the Juilliard School with Beveridge Webster, graduating in 1948. He met Leontyne Price there, and began in 1953 to perform with her regularly on tours abroad and in the White House. In concerts with her, he was announced as pianist, not as accompanist. He also collaborated with singers William Blankenship, Elizabeth Mannion, Mary O'Hara, Lucia Popp, Hermann Prey, and Jennie Tourel, and with violinists Joseph Fuchs, Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin, Charles Treger, and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska, among others. Garvey taught at the University of Texas at Austin from 1976. He died in New York City. Garvey recorded the three Violin Sonatas by Frederick Delius with Wanda Wi\u0142komirska in 1987. A review in \"Gramophone\" noted that their rendition was the best of this music until then, saying: \"Both ... have the secret of preserving the music's heartbeat and keeping it moving forward, no matter how slow the tempo might be, and however flexibly they may phrase within a basic pulse.\" A recording of the first recital that Leontyne Price gave at Carnegie Hall on 28 February 1965 was issued first in 2002, and reviewed as exceptional.", "John Pfeiffer John \"Jack\" Pfeiffer (September 29, 1920 -February 8, 1996),was a classical recording producer, a design engineer, and an occasional electronic music composer. Born in Tucson, Arizona, Pfeiffer studied music and engineering at the University of Arizona and Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas. After naval service in World War II, he moved to New York, where he attended Columbia University and worked as a jazz pianist before joining RCA Victor as a design engineer in 1949. Pfeiffer was best known as a producer of classical music. His reissues of the complete recordings of Arturo Toscanini, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Jascha Heifetz were critically praised and won several awards. The Heifetz Collection received a Grammy award in the historical category. Pfeiffer also recorded contemporary artists, including the mezzo-sopranos Marilyn Horne and Frederica von Stade, and Xiang-Dong Kong, a young Chinese pianist. Pfeiffer also produced recordings by the pianists Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein and Van Cliburn, the harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, and the soprano Leontyne Price. In addition to Toscanini, Pfeiffer worked with Fritz Reiner, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Ormandy and Charles Munch, and produced their initial \"Living Stereo\" recordings. In addition to his recording work, Mr. Pfeiffer was the audio producer for several televised classical music programs, including \"Heifetz on Television,\" for CBS; \"Horowitz Live,\" for NBC; the White House concerts by Horowitz, the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich and the soprano Leontyne Price, as well as installments of \"Live From Lincoln Center\" and \"Live From The Met.\"", "Flagello possessed a dark and very rich voice with a remarkable upper register extending to high A. He left an impressive discography which includes \"Cos\u00ec fan tutte\", opposite Leontyne Price, Tatiana Troyanos, George Shirley, Sherrill Milnes, under Erich Leinsdorf, \"Lucrezia Borgia\", opposite Montserrat Caball\u00e9, Alfredo Kraus, Shirley Verrett, \"Lucia di Lammermoor\" and \"Luisa Miller\", both opposite Anna Moffo and Carlo Bergonzi, \"Rigoletto\", opposite Robert Merrill and under Georg Solti, \"Ernani\", \"Ballo in maschera\", \"Forza del destino\", all opposite Leontyne Price. He also recorded Handel's \"Alcina\" and Bellini's \"I Puritani\", both opposite Joan Sutherland. He also interpreted the role of Harapha in the famous Archiv recording of Handel's oratorio \"Samson\" (1968). Flagello also enjoyed a successful international career, appearing frequently in Vienna, Milan, Berlin, London, and other places. In addition to his operatic career, he had a small role in the flashback sequences in \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974) as an impresario threatened by Don Fanucci. Ezio Flagello retired from the stage in 1987. He was the brother of the composer Nicolas Flagello. He was married to Italian-American writer Anna Mione, with whom he had four children. He died at his Palm Bay, Florida home on March 19, 2009."], "answer": {"text": "In March 1955, she was auditioned at Carnegie Hall", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many times did she preform there?", "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#4", "question": "Did she sing anywhere else", "rewrite": "Aside from Carnegie Hall, did Leontyne Price sing anywhere else?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Billie Lynn Daniel Billie Lynn Daniel is an African-American operatic soprano and composer. A winner of several notable vocal competitions, she is best known for her portrayal of Clara in \"Porgy and Bess\" and for her work as an exponent of American art song. She has performed the world premieres of works by composers Richard Hundley, William Flanagan, and Claude Debussy among other composers. Born and raised in Queens, New York City, Daniel made her Broadway debut as one of the Female Saints in the revival of Virgil Thomson's \"Four Saints in Three Acts\" with Leontyne Price. She made her professional recital debut at Carnegie Hall in 1959 with \"The New York Times\" stating \"[Daniel is] a vocalist who has something to say in song repertory, and the voice and the technique with which to say it\". She performed in recital at Carnegie Hall again in 1970. A graduate of the Juilliard School, in 1961 Daniel won both the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions and the Town Hall Recital Award . That same year she portrayed Clara in the New York City Center revival of George Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" with William Warfield and Martha Flowers in the title roles. In 1962 she performed the world premieres of Claude Debussy's \"Les Papillons\" and William Flanagan's \"Moss\" with pianist Lowell Farr at Town Hall in New York City. In 1963 she won the Marian Anderson Award in Philadelphia. In 1972 Composer Richard Hundley wrote his song cycle \"Birds, U.S.A.\" with text by James Purdy for Daniel. In 1975 she appeared jointly with her husband, baritone Andrew Frierson, in recital at Alice Tully Hall. In 1981 she sang Clara in concert with Thomas Carey as Porgy, Cab Calloway as Sport'n Life, and the Oklahoma City Philharmonic.", "David Garvey David William Garvey (1922 \u2013 February 14, 1995) was an American pianist and academic. He is known as the regular accompanist of Leontyne Price and other performers, including violinists Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, he studied at the Juilliard School with Beveridge Webster, graduating in 1948. He met Leontyne Price there, and began in 1953 to perform with her regularly on tours abroad and in the White House. In concerts with her, he was announced as pianist, not as accompanist. He also collaborated with singers William Blankenship, Elizabeth Mannion, Mary O'Hara, Lucia Popp, Hermann Prey, and Jennie Tourel, and with violinists Joseph Fuchs, Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin, Charles Treger, and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska, among others. Garvey taught at the University of Texas at Austin from 1976. He died in New York City. Garvey recorded the three Violin Sonatas by Frederick Delius with Wanda Wi\u0142komirska in 1987. A review in \"Gramophone\" noted that their rendition was the best of this music until then, saying: \"Both ... have the secret of preserving the music's heartbeat and keeping it moving forward, no matter how slow the tempo might be, and however flexibly they may phrase within a basic pulse.\" A recording of the first recital that Leontyne Price gave at Carnegie Hall on 28 February 1965 was issued first in 2002, and reviewed as exceptional.", "John Pfeiffer John \"Jack\" Pfeiffer (September 29, 1920 -February 8, 1996),was a classical recording producer, a design engineer, and an occasional electronic music composer. Born in Tucson, Arizona, Pfeiffer studied music and engineering at the University of Arizona and Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas. After naval service in World War II, he moved to New York, where he attended Columbia University and worked as a jazz pianist before joining RCA Victor as a design engineer in 1949. Pfeiffer was best known as a producer of classical music. His reissues of the complete recordings of Arturo Toscanini, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Jascha Heifetz were critically praised and won several awards. The Heifetz Collection received a Grammy award in the historical category. Pfeiffer also recorded contemporary artists, including the mezzo-sopranos Marilyn Horne and Frederica von Stade, and Xiang-Dong Kong, a young Chinese pianist. Pfeiffer also produced recordings by the pianists Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein and Van Cliburn, the harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, and the soprano Leontyne Price. In addition to Toscanini, Pfeiffer worked with Fritz Reiner, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Ormandy and Charles Munch, and produced their initial \"Living Stereo\" recordings. In addition to his recording work, Mr. Pfeiffer was the audio producer for several televised classical music programs, including \"Heifetz on Television,\" for CBS; \"Horowitz Live,\" for NBC; the White House concerts by Horowitz, the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich and the soprano Leontyne Price, as well as installments of \"Live From Lincoln Center\" and \"Live From The Met.\"", "Ryland Davies, Ivan Davis, Placido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Giacomotti, Robert El Hage, Sherrill Milnes, Fritz Peter, Leontyne Price, Margherita Rinaldi, Janis Vakarelis, and Nicola Zaccaria. During the course of a professional musical career which ranged over four decades, Lewis earned critical acclaim from a variety of leading music critics. As early as 1961, Albert Golberg of \"The Los Angeles Times\" noted that Lewis possessed a conductor's natural flair for commanding his orchestra. Donal Henahan of \"The New York Times\" noted in 1972 that Lewis' debut with the Metropolitan Orchestra was highly successful and that Lewis possessed a complete understanding of Puccini's broad musical lyricism. Harold C. Schonberg of \"The New York Times\" observed that his insightful interpretation of Rossini's \"Siege of Corinth\" with Marilyn Horne at Carnegie Hall moved the audience to pandemonium. This was immediately followed by a surge of ovations which brought the concert to a standstill for nearly five minutes. For his outstanding contributions to music, Henry J. Lewis was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame in 2015. His recording with Leontyne Price for RCA Red Seal (ARL1-3522, 1980) of \"Great Soprano Arias from Handel and Britten\" was awarded the Grammy Award in 1981 in the category of Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance. Lewis was also the recipient of several honorary degrees from St. Peter's University (1972), Rutger's University (1969) and Rider University (1969). From 1960 to 1979, Lewis was married to opera singer Marilyn Horne, who often credits him with her early development as a singer. They had a daughter, Angela.", "William Warfield William Caesar Warfield (22 January 1920 \u2013 25 August 2002), was an American concert bass-baritone singer and actor. One of his earliest professional engagements was in Marc Blitzstein's Broadway opera, Regina. His breakthrough came when he gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall in 1950. He went on to produce a highly acclaimed album of selections from Porgy and Bess with Leontyne Price in 1963. Warfield was born in West Helena, Arkansas, the oldest of five sons of a Baptist minister. He grew up in Rochester, New York, where his father was called to serve as pastor of Mt. Vernon Church. He gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall on 19 March 1950. He was quickly invited by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to tour Australia and give 35 concerts. In 1952, Warfield performed in \"Porgy and Bess\" during a tour of Europe sponsored by the U.S. State Department (he made six separate tours for the US Department of State, more than any other American solo artist.) In this production he played opposite the opera star Leontyne Price, whom he soon married, but the demands of two separate careers left them little time together. They divorced in 1972, but were featured together in a 1963 studio recording of excerpts from \"Porgy and Bess\". According to a recent exhibit about World War Two, Warfield was the only African American member of the \"Ritchie Boys\", thousands of soldiers who were trained at Fort Ritchie, Maryland. It was an intelligence center where hundreds of Jewish recruits who fled Nazi Germany for the United States were trained to interrogate their one-time countrymen. According to the exhibit at the Zekelman Holocaust Memorial Center in Farmington Hills, Michigan, Warfield was brought to the camp because of his strong German skills which he perfected while studying music."], "answer": {"text": "She also toured India (1956) and Australia (1957), under the auspices of the U.S. State Department.", "answer_start": 1350}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many times did she preform there?", "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she get an award?", "answer": {"text": "In March 1955, she was auditioned at Carnegie Hall", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#5", "question": "Why did the State Department put her on tour", "rewrite": "Why did the State Department put Leontyne Price on tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["David Garvey David William Garvey (1922 \u2013 February 14, 1995) was an American pianist and academic. He is known as the regular accompanist of Leontyne Price and other performers, including violinists Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, he studied at the Juilliard School with Beveridge Webster, graduating in 1948. He met Leontyne Price there, and began in 1953 to perform with her regularly on tours abroad and in the White House. In concerts with her, he was announced as pianist, not as accompanist. He also collaborated with singers William Blankenship, Elizabeth Mannion, Mary O'Hara, Lucia Popp, Hermann Prey, and Jennie Tourel, and with violinists Joseph Fuchs, Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin, Charles Treger, and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska, among others. Garvey taught at the University of Texas at Austin from 1976. He died in New York City. Garvey recorded the three Violin Sonatas by Frederick Delius with Wanda Wi\u0142komirska in 1987. A review in \"Gramophone\" noted that their rendition was the best of this music until then, saying: \"Both ... have the secret of preserving the music's heartbeat and keeping it moving forward, no matter how slow the tempo might be, and however flexibly they may phrase within a basic pulse.\" A recording of the first recital that Leontyne Price gave at Carnegie Hall on 28 February 1965 was issued first in 2002, and reviewed as exceptional.", "John Pfeiffer John \"Jack\" Pfeiffer (September 29, 1920 -February 8, 1996),was a classical recording producer, a design engineer, and an occasional electronic music composer. Born in Tucson, Arizona, Pfeiffer studied music and engineering at the University of Arizona and Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas. After naval service in World War II, he moved to New York, where he attended Columbia University and worked as a jazz pianist before joining RCA Victor as a design engineer in 1949. Pfeiffer was best known as a producer of classical music. His reissues of the complete recordings of Arturo Toscanini, Sergei Rachmaninoff and Jascha Heifetz were critically praised and won several awards. The Heifetz Collection received a Grammy award in the historical category. Pfeiffer also recorded contemporary artists, including the mezzo-sopranos Marilyn Horne and Frederica von Stade, and Xiang-Dong Kong, a young Chinese pianist. Pfeiffer also produced recordings by the pianists Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein and Van Cliburn, the harpsichordist Wanda Landowska, and the soprano Leontyne Price. In addition to Toscanini, Pfeiffer worked with Fritz Reiner, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Ormandy and Charles Munch, and produced their initial \"Living Stereo\" recordings. In addition to his recording work, Mr. Pfeiffer was the audio producer for several televised classical music programs, including \"Heifetz on Television,\" for CBS; \"Horowitz Live,\" for NBC; the White House concerts by Horowitz, the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich and the soprano Leontyne Price, as well as installments of \"Live From Lincoln Center\" and \"Live From The Met.\"", "William Warfield William Caesar Warfield (22 January 1920 \u2013 25 August 2002), was an American concert bass-baritone singer and actor. One of his earliest professional engagements was in Marc Blitzstein's Broadway opera, Regina. His breakthrough came when he gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall in 1950. He went on to produce a highly acclaimed album of selections from Porgy and Bess with Leontyne Price in 1963. Warfield was born in West Helena, Arkansas, the oldest of five sons of a Baptist minister. He grew up in Rochester, New York, where his father was called to serve as pastor of Mt. Vernon Church. He gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall on 19 March 1950. He was quickly invited by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to tour Australia and give 35 concerts. In 1952, Warfield performed in \"Porgy and Bess\" during a tour of Europe sponsored by the U.S. State Department (he made six separate tours for the US Department of State, more than any other American solo artist.) In this production he played opposite the opera star Leontyne Price, whom he soon married, but the demands of two separate careers left them little time together. They divorced in 1972, but were featured together in a 1963 studio recording of excerpts from \"Porgy and Bess\". According to a recent exhibit about World War Two, Warfield was the only African American member of the \"Ritchie Boys\", thousands of soldiers who were trained at Fort Ritchie, Maryland. It was an intelligence center where hundreds of Jewish recruits who fled Nazi Germany for the United States were trained to interrogate their one-time countrymen. According to the exhibit at the Zekelman Holocaust Memorial Center in Farmington Hills, Michigan, Warfield was brought to the camp because of his strong German skills which he perfected while studying music.", "She created the role of Erika in Samuel Barber's opera \"Vanessa\" on January 15, 1958, and the role of Charmian in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" by the same composer, for the opening of new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, on September 16, 1966. Elias also performed abroad, notably as \"La Cenerentola\" with Scottish Opera in 1970, as Carmen at the Vienna State Opera in 1972, and as Baba the Turk in Stravinsky's \"The Rake's Progress\" at the Glyndebourne Festival in 1975. In the realm of live broadcasting, Elias' performance as Bathsheba under the direction of Alfredo Antonini for CBS Television's premier of Ezra Laderman's opera \"And David Wept,\" earned Ellias critical acclaim in 1971. She made numerous recordings, including Cherubino in \"The Marriage of Figaro\" under Erich Leinsdorf, Preziosilla in \"La forza del destino\" and Laura in \"La Gioconda\", both opposite Zinka Milanov, Giuseppe Di Stefano and Leonard Warren, Suzuki in \"Madama Butterfly\" twice, first opposite Anna Moffo in 1957, and then opposite Leontyne Price in 1962, Azucena in \"Il trovatore\" opposite Leontyne Price, Richard Tucker, Giorgio Tozzi, as well as Maddalena in \"Rigoletto\", Meg Page in \"Falstaff\" (both under Georg Solti in 1963) and Judith in Bart\u00f3k's \"Bluebeard's Castle\". She was the mezzo/contralto soloist in concert works like Berlioz's \"Rom\u00e9o et Juliette\" and the Verdi \"Requiem\".", "Ryland Davies, Ivan Davis, Placido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Giacomotti, Robert El Hage, Sherrill Milnes, Fritz Peter, Leontyne Price, Margherita Rinaldi, Janis Vakarelis, and Nicola Zaccaria. During the course of a professional musical career which ranged over four decades, Lewis earned critical acclaim from a variety of leading music critics. As early as 1961, Albert Golberg of \"The Los Angeles Times\" noted that Lewis possessed a conductor's natural flair for commanding his orchestra. Donal Henahan of \"The New York Times\" noted in 1972 that Lewis' debut with the Metropolitan Orchestra was highly successful and that Lewis possessed a complete understanding of Puccini's broad musical lyricism. Harold C. Schonberg of \"The New York Times\" observed that his insightful interpretation of Rossini's \"Siege of Corinth\" with Marilyn Horne at Carnegie Hall moved the audience to pandemonium. This was immediately followed by a surge of ovations which brought the concert to a standstill for nearly five minutes. For his outstanding contributions to music, Henry J. Lewis was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame in 2015. His recording with Leontyne Price for RCA Red Seal (ARL1-3522, 1980) of \"Great Soprano Arias from Handel and Britten\" was awarded the Grammy Award in 1981 in the category of Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance. Lewis was also the recipient of several honorary degrees from St. Peter's University (1972), Rutger's University (1969) and Rider University (1969). From 1960 to 1979, Lewis was married to opera singer Marilyn Horne, who often credits him with her early development as a singer. They had a daughter, Angela."], "answer": {"text": "She sang a concert version of Aida--her first public performance of the role--at the May Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on May 3, 1957.", "answer_start": 1450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many times did she preform there?", "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she get an award?", "answer": {"text": "In March 1955, she was auditioned at Carnegie Hall", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she sing anywhere else", "answer": {"text": "She also toured India (1956) and Australia (1957), under the auspices of the U.S. State Department.", "answer_start": 1350, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#6", "question": "What was the May Festival about", "rewrite": "What was the May Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Regional and local performing arts groups not associated with the university include the Ann Arbor Civic Theatre, the Arbor Opera Theater, the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra, the Ann Arbor Ballet Theater, the Ann Arbor Civic Ballet (established in 1954 as Michigan's first chartered ballet company), The Ark, and Performance Network Theatre. Another unique piece of artistic expression in Ann Arbor is the fairy doors. These small portals are examples of installation art and can be found throughout the downtown area. The Ann Arbor Hands- On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenue areas, Ann Arbor ranks first among U.S. cities in the number of booksellers and books sold per capita. The Ann Arbor District Library maintains four branch outlets in addition to its main downtown building. The city is also home to the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Several annual events\u2014many of them centered on performing and visual arts\u2014draw visitors to Ann Arbor. One such event is the Ann Arbor Art Fairs, a set of four concurrent juried fairs held on downtown streets. Scheduled on Thursday through Sunday of the third week of July, the fairs draw upward of half a million visitors. Another is the Ann Arbor Film Festival, held during the third week of March, which receives more than 2,500 submissions annually from more than 40 countries and serves as one of a handful of Academy Award\u2013qualifying festivals in the United States.", "Culture of Ann Arbor, Michigan The culture of Ann Arbor, Michigan includes various attractions and events, many of which are connected with the University of Michigan. Many performing arts groups and facilities are located on the University of Michigan campus, including Hill Auditorium, the Lydia Mendelssohn Theater, and the Power Center for the Performing Arts. The University Musical Society (UMS) presents approximately 60 to 75 performances and over 100 free educational activities each season. One of the oldest performing arts presenters in the country, UMS is affiliated with the University of Michigan and housed on the UM campus. However, UMS is a separate not-for-profit organization that supports itself from ticket sales, grants, contributions, and endowment income. The University of Michigan Gilbert and Sullivan Society, affiliated with the University's School of Music, Theatre, and Dance, has put on two fully staged performances of a Gilbert and Sullivan Savoy opera every year since 1947, once in fall semester and the other in winter semester. The society is student-run. Performances take place at the Lydia Mendelssohn Theater. Ann Arbor has a number of performing-arts institutions that are not affiliated with the University of Michigan. They include the Ann Arbor Civic Theatre (a nonprofit community theater group), Ann Arbor Ballet Theater, Ann Arbor Civic Ballet (the first chartered ballet company in Michigan when it was founded in 1954), Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra, and Arbor Opera Theater. Theaters in the city include: Ann Arbor also has a number of concert halls and nightclubs serving up jazz and other live music: There are several religious sites in Ann Arbor, including:  The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum, located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station, contains more than 250 interactive exhibits featuring science and technology. Artrain, located on North Main Street, is a traveling art museum located on a train.", "Ann Arbor Charter Township, Michigan Ann Arbor Township, officially the Charter Township of Ann Arbor, is a charter township of Washtenaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the township population was 4,361. The city of Ann Arbor is adjacent to the township on the south and west sides. Small exclaves of the township also lie within the boundaries of the city of Ann Arbor. The \"Township of Ann Arbour\" was organized in 1827 by the Legislative Council of the Michigan Territory and the \"Village of Ann Arbour\", which later became the City of Ann Arbor, was organized in 1833. As villages remain part of the township, the village of Ann Arbour did not become completely detached from the township until it reorganized as the city of Ann Arbor. The now defunct unincorporated community of Osmer lay in the township. The town was a stop on the Tuscola and Saginaw Bay Railway. Another community Cornwell centered around Cornwell Mills, was begun in the township in 1877. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.86%, is water. The city of Ann Arbor was established within the borders of Ann Arbor Township. Over the years, the city expanded, annexing portions of the township as the city grew and reducing the land area of the township. Under a 1994 boundary agreement with the City of Ann Arbor, those areas of the Township lying within the future boundaries of the city will be subject to annexation by the city. To the east of Ann Arbor Township lies Superior Township, to the west lies Scio Township, to the south lies Pittsfield Township, and to the north lies Northfield Township.", "Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra The Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra (ASO) is an American orchestra based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is one of two major symphony orchestras in Southeast Michigan alongside the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. Founded in 1928, the ASO plays most of its concerts at the Michigan Theater and at the University of Michigan's Hill Auditorium. The ASO began as a community orchestra in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1928. From 1935 to 1985, the Ann Arbor Civic Orchestra, renamed the Ann Arbor Civic Symphony Orchestra in 1952, provided concerts free of charge to the Ann Arbor Community in area school auditoriums, the Hill Auditorium at the University of Michigan, the Michigan Theater, and the West Park Shell in Ann Arbor's West Park. The Orchestra maintained a commitment to Ann Arbor artists, to encouraging youth involvement in music, and bringing live, classical symphonic music to the city of Ann Arbor. They often teamed with other artistic and musical organizations like the Women's Chorale and the Ann Arbor Civic Ballet. By 1981, the orchestra had grown to 100 members. During this time, the orchestra had ten conductors, Warren Ketcham (1929-1931), Frederick Ernst (1931-1933), William Champion (1933-1941), Joseph E. Maddy (1941-1951), Orien Dalley (1951-1955), Emil Raab (1955-1957), George C. Wilson (1957-1961), William Fitch (1961-1963), Emil Holz (1963-1972), and Edward Szabo (1972-1985). Throughout its history, the ASO has relied upon the donations of area philanthropists and since 1952, the efforts of the Women's Association. However, starting in the late 1960s, these monies alone could not support the rising operational costs of the orchestra. To raise funds, the orchestra began hosting events to raise both money and awareness.", "Ann Arbor became the seat of Washtenaw County in 1827, and was incorporated as a village in 1833. The Ann Arbor Land Company, a group of speculators, set aside of undeveloped land and offered it to the state of Michigan as the site of the state capital, but lost the bid to Lansing. In 1837, the property was accepted instead as the site of the University of Michigan, which moved from Detroit. Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north\u2013south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other markets to the south was established in 1878. Throughout the 1840s and the 1850s settlers continued to come to Ann Arbor. While the earlier settlers were primarily of British ancestry, the newer settlers also consisted of Germans, Irish, and African-Americans. In 1851, Ann Arbor was chartered as a city, though the city showed a drop in population during the Depression of 1873. It was not until the early 1880s that Ann Arbor again saw robust growth, with new emigrants from Greece, Italy, Russia, and Poland. Ann Arbor saw increased growth in manufacturing, particularly in milling. Ann Arbor's Jewish community also grew after the turn of the 20th century, and its first and oldest synagogue, Beth Israel Congregation, was established in 1916. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as the student movement. The first major meetings of the national left-wing campus group Students for a Democratic Society took place in Ann Arbor in 1960; in 1965, the city was home to the first U.S. teach-in against the Vietnam War."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many times did she preform there?", "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she get an award?", "answer": {"text": "In March 1955, she was auditioned at Carnegie Hall", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she sing anywhere else", "answer": {"text": "She also toured India (1956) and Australia (1957), under the auspices of the U.S. State Department.", "answer_start": 1350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the State Department put her on tour", "answer": {"text": "She sang a concert version of Aida--her first public performance of the role--at the May Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on May 3, 1957.", "answer_start": 1450, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#7", "question": "Was there anything else you found interesting about the article", "rewrite": "Aside from what was mentioned, was there anything else you found interesting about the article on Leontyne Price?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Warfield William Caesar Warfield (22 January 1920 \u2013 25 August 2002), was an American concert bass-baritone singer and actor. One of his earliest professional engagements was in Marc Blitzstein's Broadway opera, Regina. His breakthrough came when he gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall in 1950. He went on to produce a highly acclaimed album of selections from Porgy and Bess with Leontyne Price in 1963. Warfield was born in West Helena, Arkansas, the oldest of five sons of a Baptist minister. He grew up in Rochester, New York, where his father was called to serve as pastor of Mt. Vernon Church. He gave his recital debut in New York's Town Hall on 19 March 1950. He was quickly invited by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to tour Australia and give 35 concerts. In 1952, Warfield performed in \"Porgy and Bess\" during a tour of Europe sponsored by the U.S. State Department (he made six separate tours for the US Department of State, more than any other American solo artist.) In this production he played opposite the opera star Leontyne Price, whom he soon married, but the demands of two separate careers left them little time together. They divorced in 1972, but were featured together in a 1963 studio recording of excerpts from \"Porgy and Bess\". According to a recent exhibit about World War Two, Warfield was the only African American member of the \"Ritchie Boys\", thousands of soldiers who were trained at Fort Ritchie, Maryland. It was an intelligence center where hundreds of Jewish recruits who fled Nazi Germany for the United States were trained to interrogate their one-time countrymen. According to the exhibit at the Zekelman Holocaust Memorial Center in Farmington Hills, Michigan, Warfield was brought to the camp because of his strong German skills which he perfected while studying music.", "Ryland Davies, Ivan Davis, Placido Domingo, Nicolai Gedda, Alfredo Giacomotti, Robert El Hage, Sherrill Milnes, Fritz Peter, Leontyne Price, Margherita Rinaldi, Janis Vakarelis, and Nicola Zaccaria. During the course of a professional musical career which ranged over four decades, Lewis earned critical acclaim from a variety of leading music critics. As early as 1961, Albert Golberg of \"The Los Angeles Times\" noted that Lewis possessed a conductor's natural flair for commanding his orchestra. Donal Henahan of \"The New York Times\" noted in 1972 that Lewis' debut with the Metropolitan Orchestra was highly successful and that Lewis possessed a complete understanding of Puccini's broad musical lyricism. Harold C. Schonberg of \"The New York Times\" observed that his insightful interpretation of Rossini's \"Siege of Corinth\" with Marilyn Horne at Carnegie Hall moved the audience to pandemonium. This was immediately followed by a surge of ovations which brought the concert to a standstill for nearly five minutes. For his outstanding contributions to music, Henry J. Lewis was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame in 2015. His recording with Leontyne Price for RCA Red Seal (ARL1-3522, 1980) of \"Great Soprano Arias from Handel and Britten\" was awarded the Grammy Award in 1981 in the category of Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance. Lewis was also the recipient of several honorary degrees from St. Peter's University (1972), Rutger's University (1969) and Rider University (1969). From 1960 to 1979, Lewis was married to opera singer Marilyn Horne, who often credits him with her early development as a singer. They had a daughter, Angela.", "Flagello possessed a dark and very rich voice with a remarkable upper register extending to high A. He left an impressive discography which includes \"Cos\u00ec fan tutte\", opposite Leontyne Price, Tatiana Troyanos, George Shirley, Sherrill Milnes, under Erich Leinsdorf, \"Lucrezia Borgia\", opposite Montserrat Caball\u00e9, Alfredo Kraus, Shirley Verrett, \"Lucia di Lammermoor\" and \"Luisa Miller\", both opposite Anna Moffo and Carlo Bergonzi, \"Rigoletto\", opposite Robert Merrill and under Georg Solti, \"Ernani\", \"Ballo in maschera\", \"Forza del destino\", all opposite Leontyne Price. He also recorded Handel's \"Alcina\" and Bellini's \"I Puritani\", both opposite Joan Sutherland. He also interpreted the role of Harapha in the famous Archiv recording of Handel's oratorio \"Samson\" (1968). Flagello also enjoyed a successful international career, appearing frequently in Vienna, Milan, Berlin, London, and other places. In addition to his operatic career, he had a small role in the flashback sequences in \"The Godfather Part II\" (1974) as an impresario threatened by Don Fanucci. Ezio Flagello retired from the stage in 1987. He was the brother of the composer Nicolas Flagello. He was married to Italian-American writer Anna Mione, with whom he had four children. He died at his Palm Bay, Florida home on March 19, 2009.", "She created the role of Erika in Samuel Barber's opera \"Vanessa\" on January 15, 1958, and the role of Charmian in \"Antony and Cleopatra\" by the same composer, for the opening of new Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center, on September 16, 1966. Elias also performed abroad, notably as \"La Cenerentola\" with Scottish Opera in 1970, as Carmen at the Vienna State Opera in 1972, and as Baba the Turk in Stravinsky's \"The Rake's Progress\" at the Glyndebourne Festival in 1975. In the realm of live broadcasting, Elias' performance as Bathsheba under the direction of Alfredo Antonini for CBS Television's premier of Ezra Laderman's opera \"And David Wept,\" earned Ellias critical acclaim in 1971. She made numerous recordings, including Cherubino in \"The Marriage of Figaro\" under Erich Leinsdorf, Preziosilla in \"La forza del destino\" and Laura in \"La Gioconda\", both opposite Zinka Milanov, Giuseppe Di Stefano and Leonard Warren, Suzuki in \"Madama Butterfly\" twice, first opposite Anna Moffo in 1957, and then opposite Leontyne Price in 1962, Azucena in \"Il trovatore\" opposite Leontyne Price, Richard Tucker, Giorgio Tozzi, as well as Maddalena in \"Rigoletto\", Meg Page in \"Falstaff\" (both under Georg Solti in 1963) and Judith in Bart\u00f3k's \"Bluebeard's Castle\". She was the mezzo/contralto soloist in concert works like Berlioz's \"Rom\u00e9o et Juliette\" and the Verdi \"Requiem\".", "David Garvey David William Garvey (1922 \u2013 February 14, 1995) was an American pianist and academic. He is known as the regular accompanist of Leontyne Price and other performers, including violinists Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania, he studied at the Juilliard School with Beveridge Webster, graduating in 1948. He met Leontyne Price there, and began in 1953 to perform with her regularly on tours abroad and in the White House. In concerts with her, he was announced as pianist, not as accompanist. He also collaborated with singers William Blankenship, Elizabeth Mannion, Mary O'Hara, Lucia Popp, Hermann Prey, and Jennie Tourel, and with violinists Joseph Fuchs, Itzhak Perlman, Michael Rabin, Charles Treger, and Wanda Wi\u0142komirska, among others. Garvey taught at the University of Texas at Austin from 1976. He died in New York City. Garvey recorded the three Violin Sonatas by Frederick Delius with Wanda Wi\u0142komirska in 1987. A review in \"Gramophone\" noted that their rendition was the best of this music until then, saying: \"Both ... have the secret of preserving the music's heartbeat and keeping it moving forward, no matter how slow the tempo might be, and however flexibly they may phrase within a basic pulse.\" A recording of the first recital that Leontyne Price gave at Carnegie Hall on 28 February 1965 was issued first in 2002, and reviewed as exceptional."], "answer": {"text": "sang operatic scenes by R. Strauss on BBC Radio, and made her debut at the Salzburg Festival in Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, under Karajan.", "answer_start": 731}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many times did she preform there?", "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she get an award?", "answer": {"text": "In March 1955, she was auditioned at Carnegie Hall", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she sing anywhere else", "answer": {"text": "She also toured India (1956) and Australia (1957), under the auspices of the U.S. State Department.", "answer_start": 1350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the State Department put her on tour", "answer": {"text": "She sang a concert version of Aida--her first public performance of the role--at the May Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on May 3, 1957.", "answer_start": 1450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the May Festival about", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fb49c170f66b4961b5145395c13f7ce1_1_q#8", "question": "Did she sing anything else for Karajan", "rewrite": "In addition to singing on BBC Radio and at Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, did Leontyne Price sing for anyone else other than Karajan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Walter Berry (bass-baritone)  Walter Berry (8 April 1929 \u2013 27 October 2000) was an Austrian lyric bass-baritone who enjoyed a prominent career in opera. He has been cited as one of several exemplary operatic bass-baritones of his era. Walter Berry was born in Vienna. He studied voice at the Vienna Music Academy and made his stage debut with the Vienna State Opera in 1947. He became a permanent member of the company in 1950, remaining with that ensemble for his entire career, although he undertook frequent guest appearances elsewhere in Europe and in the UK. In 1952 Berry made his first appearance at the Salzburg Festival, where he subsequently performed on a regular basis. While in Salzburg, he collaborated with Herbert von Karajan conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra in a production of Wolfganag Amadeus Mozart's opera \"Don Giovanni\" with Leontyne Price and Elizabeth Schwarzkopf. While appearing in Vienna and Salzburg he interpreted an extensive operatic repertoire which included over one hundred roles. He received high praise for his interpretations of Franz Schubert's lieder as well as songs by Gustav Mahler. Included among his acclaimed renditions of sacred works were: Johann Sebastian Bach's \"Passions\" and Ludwig von Beethoven's \"Missa Solemnis.\" He made many memorable appearances at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City during the 1960s and 1970s in such roles as Barak in \"Die Frau ohne Schatten\", Telramund in \"Lohengrin\", Wotan in \"Die Walk\u00fcre\", Baron Ochs in \"Der Rosenkavalier\", Don Pizarro in \"Fidelio\", Don Alfonso in \"Cos\u00ec fan tutte\", the Music Master in \"Ariadne auf Naxos\" and Leporello in \"Don Giovanni\". He sang his last Barak on 18 November 1984.", "Missa solemnis (Bruckner) The Missa solemnis, WAB 29, is a solemn mass composed by Anton Bruckner in 1854 for the installation of Friedrich Mayer as abbot of St. Florian Abbey on 14 September 1854. Bruckner composed the \"Missa solemnis\" in 1854 for the installation of Friedrich Mayer as abbot of St. Florian Abbey. The Missa solemnis was performed during the installation of Friedrich Mayer on 14 September 1854. After Robert F\u00fchrer saw the score, he suggested Bruckner study with Simon Sechter, and after seeing the mass, Sechter accepted Bruckner as a pupil. With the possible exception of Psalm 146, the \"Missa solemnis\" was the last major work Bruckner wrote before concluding his studies with Sechter, who did not allow his students to compose freely while studying with him. A second performance of the \"Missa solemnis\" occurred two years after Bruckner's death, on 4 May 1898 (\"Floriani-Tag\"), in the St. Florian Abbey under the baton of Regens chori Berhard Deubler. On 29 March 1921, the \"Missa solemnis\" was performed again by August G\u00f6llerich during the seventh concert of the \"Linzer Bruckner-Stiftung\". Bruckner composed the \"Missa solemnis\", WAB 29, as a setting of the mass ordinary for vocal soloists (soprano, alto, tenor and bass), mixed choir, orchestra (2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, alto, tenor and bass trombones, timpani, and strings) and organ.", "Her first appearance on the grand opera stage occurred in San Francisco on September 20, 1957, singing Madame Lidoine in the U.S. premiere of the Dialogues of the Carmelites. A few weeks later, Price sang her first on-stage Aida, stepping in for Italian soprano Antonietta Stella, who was suffering from appendicitis. The following May, she made her European debut, as Aida, at the Vienna Staatsoper on May 24, 1958, at Karajan's invitation and under his baton. Debuts followed at London's Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (replacing Anita Cerquetti), and at the Arena di Verona, both as Aida. The next season she returned to Vienna to sing Aida and her first onstage Pamina in The Magic Flute, repeated her Aida at Covent Garden, sang operatic scenes by R. Strauss on BBC Radio, and made her debut at the Salzburg Festival in Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, under Karajan. The close artistic understanding between Karajan and Price was reflected in many of her early career successes in the opera house (Mozart's Don Giovanni, Verdi's Il trovatore and Puccini's Tosca), in the concert hall (Bach's Mass in B minor, Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, Bruckner's Te Deum, and the Requiems of Verdi and Mozart), and in the recording studio (complete recordings of Tosca and Carmen, and a bestselling holiday music album, A Christmas Offering). Most of her recordings and many of her live performances have been released on CD. On May 21, 1960, Price made her first appearance at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, again as Aida, becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "Missa solemnis When \"Missa solemnis\" is used as a name, without referring to a composer, Beethoven's work is generally implied. Some of the greatest compositions in the genre have unique common names other than \"Missa solemnis\"\u2014namely, Bach's \"Mass in B minor\" and Mozart's \"Great Mass in C minor\". Some works are solemn settings in proportion and scoring, but are not called a \"Missa solemnis\", for example several late settings of both Haydn and Schubert, and three settings by Anton Bruckner. A solemn mass has been written by well-known composers including:  Other composers who wrote works titled \"Missa solemnis\" have included France A\u010dko (1941), Hendrik Andriessen (1946), Marco Betta, Franti\u0161ek Brixi, Antonio Buonomo (1983), Alfredo Casella (1944), Paul Creston, Georg Druschetzky (1804), Bohumil Fidler (1901), Joseph-Hector Fiocco, Konstanty Gorski, Michael Haydn (1772), V\u00e1clav Emanuel Hor\u00e1k, Sigurd Islandsmoen (1954), Friedrich Kiel, Karel Bla\u017eej Kop\u0159iva, Jean Langlais, Josef Lammerz (1990), Colin Mawby, Boleslaw Ocias, Antonio Sacchini, Johann Nepomuk Schelble, Wolfgang Seifen, Johann Baptist Wanhal (1778), and Bed\u0159ich Anton\u00edn Wiedermann (1848). Festive mass settings in other languages include Jakub Jan Ryba's Czech Christmas Mass.", "Missa solemnis (Beethoven) The Missa solemnis in D major, Op. 123, is a solemn mass composed by Ludwig van Beethoven from 1819 to 1823. It was first performed on 7 April 1824 in Saint Petersburg, Russia, under the auspices of Beethoven's patron Prince Nikolai Galitzin; an incomplete performance was given in Vienna on 7 May 1824, when the Kyrie, Credo, and Agnus Dei were conducted by the composer. It is generally considered one of the composer's supreme achievements and, along with Bach's Mass in B minor, one of the most significant Mass settings of the common practice period. Despite critical recognition as one of Beethoven's great works from the height of his composing career, \"Missa solemnis\" has not achieved the same level of popular attention that many of his symphonies and sonatas have enjoyed. Written around the same time as his Ninth Symphony, it is Beethoven's second setting of the Mass, after his Mass in C major, Op. 86. The mass is scored for 2 flutes; 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in A, C, and B); 2 bassoons; contrabassoon; 4 horns (in D, E, B basso, E, and G); 2 trumpets (D, B, and C); alto, tenor, and bass trombone; timpani; organ continuo; strings (violins I and II, violas, cellos, and basses); soprano, alto, tenor, and bass soloists; and mixed choir. Like most masses, Beethoven's \"Missa solemnis\" is in five movements: The orchestration of the piece features a quartet of vocal soloists, a substantial chorus, and the full orchestra, and each at times is used in virtuosic, textural, and melodic capacities."], "answer": {"text": "The close artistic understanding between Karajan and Price was reflected in many of her early career successes in the opera house (", "answer_start": 870}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Emergence?", "answer": {"text": "In November 1954, Price made her recital debut at New York's Town Hall", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many times did she preform there?", "answer": {"text": "the door to opera opened through television, the NBC Opera Theater series. In February 1955, she sang Puccini's Tosca for the NBC Opera Theater,", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the first African American to sing a leading role in Italy's greatest opera house.", "answer_start": 1513, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did she get an award?", "answer": {"text": "In March 1955, she was auditioned at Carnegie Hall", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she sing anywhere else", "answer": {"text": "She also toured India (1956) and Australia (1957), under the auspices of the U.S. State Department.", "answer_start": 1350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did the State Department put her on tour", "answer": {"text": "She sang a concert version of Aida--her first public performance of the role--at the May Festival in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on May 3, 1957.", "answer_start": 1450, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the May Festival about", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anything else you found interesting about the article", "answer": {"text": "sang operatic scenes by R. Strauss on BBC Radio, and made her debut at the Salzburg Festival in Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, under Karajan.", "answer_start": 731, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "rewrite": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1883, the Louis Dreyfus Group was one of the first companies to engage in futures trading at the Liverpool Corn Trade Association, allowing it to both buy and sell commodities simultaneously. By 1900, the Louis Dreyfus Group was the world's largest grain trader. In 1905, the Banque Louis-Dreyfus was founded to help finance the company's operations in grain markets. Thereafter, the company expanded internationally: in 1909, it opened an office in Duluth, Minnesota and began exporting durum wheat; in 1911, it started trading cotton in Brazil; and in 1913, it set up operations in Melbourne. In 1915, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles. In 1860, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus married \u00c9milie Lang (29 January 1840 \u2013 7 December 1918), daughter of Isaac Lang and Rosalie (\"n\u00e9e\" Aron) Lang. They had three sons: Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940), Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). By the early 20th century, the Louis-Dreyfus family was described as one of the \"five great fortunes of France\". Louis-Dreyfus also served as Consul-General for the Kingdom of Romania in Paris. He was awarded the title of Commander of the Legion of Honour () on 19 April 1912. L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died in 1915 and was succeeded at the Louis Dreyfus Group by his sons Louis and Charles, who expanded the company in the Americas and in the Russian Empire (prior to the 1917 Revolution). In 2013, the Louis Dreyfus Group is considered to be one of the \"big four\" global food trading companies in the world competing with Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge Limited, and Cargill Inc.", "G\u00e9rard Louis-Dreyfus G\u00e9rard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 \u2013 September 16, 2016), also known as William, was an American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by \"Forbes\" in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Paris in 1932. His great-grandfather L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. His mother, Dolores Porges (n\u00e9e Neubauer; 1905\u20131987), was American-born, the daughter of a Brazilian father and a Mexican mother. His father, Pierre Louis-Dreyfus, (1908\u20132011), was a Frenchman who headed the Louis Dreyfus group. His father, who was Jewish, fought in the French Resistance during World War II; his mother was Catholic. He has one sister, Dominique Cornwell. In 1940, Louis-Dreyfus moved to the United States with his mother after her divorce from Pierre. By 1945, he had adopted the name William as a symbol of his integration into American society. After graduating from Duke University and Duke University School of Law, Louis-Dreyfus worked at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine, New York, before joining Louis Dreyfus in 1965. Louis-Dreyfus was chairman of the Poetry Society of America from 1998 to 2008. He had poems published in publications such as The Hudson Review. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in Mount Kisco, New York on September 16, 2016 at the age of 84. His daughter Julia dedicated her 2016 Emmy win to her late father.", "Louis Louis-Dreyfus Louis Louis-Dreyfus (September 6, 1867 \u2013 November 10, 1940) was a member of the French parliament and co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the eldest of three sons of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (1833\u20131915) and Emilie Lang (1840\u20131918). His brothers were Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. After obtaining his law degree, he joined the family business. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus served in the French Parliament during the French Third Republic as a Deputy from Loz\u00e8re from 1905-1910, a Deputy from Alpes-Maritimes from 1930 to 1936, and a Senator from Alpes-Maritimes from 1937 to 1940.", "Pierre Louis-Dreyfus Pierre Louis-Dreyfus (17 May 1908 \u2013 15 January 2011) was a French Resistance fighter during World War II who later served as CEO of the Louis Dreyfus Cie. Pierre Louis-Dreyfus was born on 17 May 1908 in Paris, one of four children born to Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), a merchant and ship-owner, and Sarah Germaine H\u00e9ment. His family was Jewish. His paternal grandfather, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. He had two siblings, brother Fran\u00e7ois Louis Dreyfus (1909\u20131958) and sister, Arlette Louis Dreyfus (1911\u20132001). His granddaughter is Julia Louis-Dreyfus. In 1928, he graduated from the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet with a joint degree in arts and law. Called to military service, he became a cadet in the Reserve Cavalry School at Saumur in October 1928 and was released in May 1929 with the rank of sub-lieutenant. He was then assigned to the 6th Dragoons until his release in October 1929. Thereafter, he worked in the family business, Louis Dreyfus & Cie., eventually becoming a partner. He was recalled in August 1939 and served as a lieutenant in the 2nd Dragoon Regiment. He served two rotations in Luxembourg and France before again being discharged after the French capitulation. In 1941, along with his friends, Emile Laffon, Jacques Bounin and Emmanuel d'Astier, he came into contact with and joined the French Resistance. Having extensive military training, Louis-Dreyfus was assigned responsibility for coordinating the resistance groups in the south of France. He was forced to flee France in December 1942 and arrived back in England in January 1943.", "Charles Louis-Dreyfus Charles Louis-Dreyfus (August 21, 1870 \u2013 July 30, 1929) was a co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the middle of three sons of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (1833\u20131915) and Emilie Lang (1840\u20131918). His brothers were Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus and his brother were shareholders in the French Communist paper \"l'Humanit\u00e9.\" The Legion of Honour was bestowed on him by the French government in 1923. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in the Paris suburb of Ville-d'Avray on July 30, 1929."], "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#1", "question": "Who else was part of this group?", "rewrite": "Who else was part of The Second City group in addition to Louis-Dreyfus?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["City Group City Group () is one of the largest Bangladeshi conglomerates. It began on 6 February 1972 as a mustard oil company venture under the name City Oil Mills. The first project of City Oil Mills turned out to be very successful. After then, the company grew very quickly. It presently owns more than 23 major concerns located throughout Bangladesh. Now City Group stands as one of top ten business houses in Bangladesh. City Group was established by Fazlur Rahman, a business magnate in the private sector of Bangladesh. City Group began on 6 February 1972 as a mustard oil company venture. After its first successful project, City Group invested in new fields,including manufacturing, industry and trading. More enterprises were established in the early 1990s; these included consumer goods, foods, steel, printing & packaging, shipping, power and energy, shares and securities, insurance, media, and healthcare. City Group now operates over 23 major concerns:", "Park City Group Park City Group, Inc. () was established in 1990 and now is headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah. The company focuses on software-as-a-service (SaaS) for the suppliers and retailers in the whole supply chain, reducing out-of-stocks, optimizing inventory, and improving profits and operational efficiencies. In the year of 2009, the company acquired Prescient Applied Intelligence to form \"The New\" Park City Group. In 2013, the company moved trading in its shares from the NYSE, formerly the American Stock Exchange, to the NASDAQ Capital Market. The main purpose of the company \u2019s solutions is to provide a platform for trading partners to share and analyze business data throughout the supply chain to improve operational efficiency. The company's primary solutions include Scan Based Trading, ScoreTracker, Vendor Managed Inventory, Store Level Replenishment (SLR, providing visibility into store level activity), Enterprise Supply Chain Planning Suite, Fresh Market Manager, ResposiTrak (tracing products in the supply chain) and ActionManager (providing automated method to manage the whole business process). In addition, the Company's Business Analytics Group and Professional Services Group provide consulting services, such as business optimization, technical services, and training. In the 1970s, Randall Fields established a Palo Alto based consulting firm named \"Fields Investment Group. \" His wife Debbi Fields sold cookies near Stanford University and established Mrs. Fields Cookies in 1977. The company moved its headquarters to Park City in 1982. In 2013, Park City Group was ranked 381st on Deloitte Fast 500 for companies in the field of technology, media, telecommunications, life sciences and clean technology in North America.", "G\u00e9rard Louis-Dreyfus G\u00e9rard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 \u2013 September 16, 2016), also known as William, was an American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by \"Forbes\" in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Paris in 1932. His great-grandfather L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. His mother, Dolores Porges (n\u00e9e Neubauer; 1905\u20131987), was American-born, the daughter of a Brazilian father and a Mexican mother. His father, Pierre Louis-Dreyfus, (1908\u20132011), was a Frenchman who headed the Louis Dreyfus group. His father, who was Jewish, fought in the French Resistance during World War II; his mother was Catholic. He has one sister, Dominique Cornwell. In 1940, Louis-Dreyfus moved to the United States with his mother after her divorce from Pierre. By 1945, he had adopted the name William as a symbol of his integration into American society. After graduating from Duke University and Duke University School of Law, Louis-Dreyfus worked at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine, New York, before joining Louis Dreyfus in 1965. Louis-Dreyfus was chairman of the Poetry Society of America from 1998 to 2008. He had poems published in publications such as The Hudson Review. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in Mount Kisco, New York on September 16, 2016 at the age of 84. His daughter Julia dedicated her 2016 Emmy win to her late father.", "In 1883, the Louis Dreyfus Group was one of the first companies to engage in futures trading at the Liverpool Corn Trade Association, allowing it to both buy and sell commodities simultaneously. By 1900, the Louis Dreyfus Group was the world's largest grain trader. In 1905, the Banque Louis-Dreyfus was founded to help finance the company's operations in grain markets. Thereafter, the company expanded internationally: in 1909, it opened an office in Duluth, Minnesota and began exporting durum wheat; in 1911, it started trading cotton in Brazil; and in 1913, it set up operations in Melbourne. In 1915, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles. In 1860, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus married \u00c9milie Lang (29 January 1840 \u2013 7 December 1918), daughter of Isaac Lang and Rosalie (\"n\u00e9e\" Aron) Lang. They had three sons: Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940), Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). By the early 20th century, the Louis-Dreyfus family was described as one of the \"five great fortunes of France\". Louis-Dreyfus also served as Consul-General for the Kingdom of Romania in Paris. He was awarded the title of Commander of the Legion of Honour () on 19 April 1912. L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died in 1915 and was succeeded at the Louis Dreyfus Group by his sons Louis and Charles, who expanded the company in the Americas and in the Russian Empire (prior to the 1917 Revolution). In 2013, the Louis Dreyfus Group is considered to be one of the \"big four\" global food trading companies in the world competing with Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge Limited, and Cargill Inc.", "Charles Louis-Dreyfus Charles Louis-Dreyfus (August 21, 1870 \u2013 July 30, 1929) was a co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the middle of three sons of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (1833\u20131915) and Emilie Lang (1840\u20131918). His brothers were Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus and his brother were shareholders in the French Communist paper \"l'Humanit\u00e9.\" The Legion of Honour was bestowed on him by the French government in 1923. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in the Paris suburb of Ville-d'Avray on July 30, 1929."], "answer": {"text": "The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long).", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#2", "question": "When did she get another big break in her career?", "rewrite": "When Louis-Dreyfus get another big break in her career in addition to The Second City?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["G\u00e9rard Louis-Dreyfus G\u00e9rard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 \u2013 September 16, 2016), also known as William, was an American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by \"Forbes\" in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Paris in 1932. His great-grandfather L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. His mother, Dolores Porges (n\u00e9e Neubauer; 1905\u20131987), was American-born, the daughter of a Brazilian father and a Mexican mother. His father, Pierre Louis-Dreyfus, (1908\u20132011), was a Frenchman who headed the Louis Dreyfus group. His father, who was Jewish, fought in the French Resistance during World War II; his mother was Catholic. He has one sister, Dominique Cornwell. In 1940, Louis-Dreyfus moved to the United States with his mother after her divorce from Pierre. By 1945, he had adopted the name William as a symbol of his integration into American society. After graduating from Duke University and Duke University School of Law, Louis-Dreyfus worked at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine, New York, before joining Louis Dreyfus in 1965. Louis-Dreyfus was chairman of the Poetry Society of America from 1998 to 2008. He had poems published in publications such as The Hudson Review. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in Mount Kisco, New York on September 16, 2016 at the age of 84. His daughter Julia dedicated her 2016 Emmy win to her late father.", "This challenge usually takes place in the premiere episode of each edition, although in \"The Big Break II\", it took place in the second episode, used in this case as the \"Mulligan Challenge\" (explained below). The rules of the glass-breaking challenge changed from \"The Big Break I\" to \"The Big Break II\". In \"The Big Break I\", the ten players took aim at their own pane of glass, and all of them stood at a driving range, and fired shots at once. The first one to break his glass was the winner. In \"The Big Break II\" and \"The Big Break III: Ladies Only\", as well as \"The Big Break All-Star Challenge\", players took turns, and had to call out whose glass they intended to break. If successful, the player whose glass pane was broken was eliminated for the rest of the challenge, and the last player whose glass pane remained unbroken was the winner. In \"The Big Break II\", tensions arose when \"Team Bald\" went after Don Donatello. Sean Daly (won the glass breaking competition), Shelby Chrest, and John Turke were the ones responsible for eliminating Don. In \"The Big Break III: Ladies Only\", the winner of the challenge got first choice of the room in which they would stay during their tenure on the show (this, too, is explained below). In \"The Big Break IV: USA vs. Europe\", the format was tweaked again. The challenge became a relay. The first team to have all six of its members break their own glass won. For this edition, the challenge was used as a Mulligan Challenge.", "In 1883, the Louis Dreyfus Group was one of the first companies to engage in futures trading at the Liverpool Corn Trade Association, allowing it to both buy and sell commodities simultaneously. By 1900, the Louis Dreyfus Group was the world's largest grain trader. In 1905, the Banque Louis-Dreyfus was founded to help finance the company's operations in grain markets. Thereafter, the company expanded internationally: in 1909, it opened an office in Duluth, Minnesota and began exporting durum wheat; in 1911, it started trading cotton in Brazil; and in 1913, it set up operations in Melbourne. In 1915, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles. In 1860, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus married \u00c9milie Lang (29 January 1840 \u2013 7 December 1918), daughter of Isaac Lang and Rosalie (\"n\u00e9e\" Aron) Lang. They had three sons: Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940), Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). By the early 20th century, the Louis-Dreyfus family was described as one of the \"five great fortunes of France\". Louis-Dreyfus also served as Consul-General for the Kingdom of Romania in Paris. He was awarded the title of Commander of the Legion of Honour () on 19 April 1912. L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died in 1915 and was succeeded at the Louis Dreyfus Group by his sons Louis and Charles, who expanded the company in the Americas and in the Russian Empire (prior to the 1917 Revolution). In 2013, the Louis Dreyfus Group is considered to be one of the \"big four\" global food trading companies in the world competing with Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge Limited, and Cargill Inc.", "The Big Break The Big Break is a reality television program broadcast by the Golf Channel. The show's premise was to award an aspiring professional golfer exemptions into selected events or full-season exemptions on lower-level tours. The series debuted on October 6, 2003. Traditionally, the show airs at 9 p.m. Eastern time/6 p.m. Pacific time every Monday or Tuesday during its run. Tom Abbott replaced Vince Cellini as the male host at Big Break Sandals Resorts in the spring of 2010. Stephanie Sparks stayed on as female host. Sparks ended her run on the show when Michele Tafoya appeared as co-host for Big Break NFL in 2013. Melanie Collins co-hosted with Abbott on Big Break Florida and Big Break, The Palm Beaches, Florida. LPGA golfer Paige Mackenzie was the female host for Big Break Myrtle Beach in the fall of 2014. Each episode is an hour long, though each season finale is two hours long. The show's chief signature is a giant rock that bears its logo. Until the 11th edition, there was a side rock with the Roman numeral identifying the edition. Now, each show is referred to only by its location. The show was cancelled in 2015 because of budget cuts. Contestants on each season of \"The Big Break\" include professionals on mini-tours as well as amateurs who aspire to play golf professionally. The contestants engage in a series of golfing challenges, with the weakest performer eliminated after each challenge. At the end of the competition, the winner receives prizes including one or more exemptions into a top professional golf tournament. The show's signature challenge involves players breaking panes of glass, each containing a contestant's name (in \"The Big Break All-Star Challenge NASCAR Edition\" , it was changed to the contestant's last name on top and the stylised car number dominating the pane).", "Charles Louis-Dreyfus Charles Louis-Dreyfus (August 21, 1870 \u2013 July 30, 1929) was a co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the middle of three sons of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (1833\u20131915) and Emilie Lang (1840\u20131918). His brothers were Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus and his brother were shareholders in the French Communist paper \"l'Humanit\u00e9.\" The Legion of Honour was bestowed on him by the French government in 1923. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in the Paris suburb of Ville-d'Avray on July 30, 1929."], "answer": {"text": "her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 247}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was part of this group?", "answer": {"text": "The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long).", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#3", "question": "When did she go to SNL?", "rewrite": "When did Louis-Dreyfus go to SNL?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1883, the Louis Dreyfus Group was one of the first companies to engage in futures trading at the Liverpool Corn Trade Association, allowing it to both buy and sell commodities simultaneously. By 1900, the Louis Dreyfus Group was the world's largest grain trader. In 1905, the Banque Louis-Dreyfus was founded to help finance the company's operations in grain markets. Thereafter, the company expanded internationally: in 1909, it opened an office in Duluth, Minnesota and began exporting durum wheat; in 1911, it started trading cotton in Brazil; and in 1913, it set up operations in Melbourne. In 1915, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles. In 1860, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus married \u00c9milie Lang (29 January 1840 \u2013 7 December 1918), daughter of Isaac Lang and Rosalie (\"n\u00e9e\" Aron) Lang. They had three sons: Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940), Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). By the early 20th century, the Louis-Dreyfus family was described as one of the \"five great fortunes of France\". Louis-Dreyfus also served as Consul-General for the Kingdom of Romania in Paris. He was awarded the title of Commander of the Legion of Honour () on 19 April 1912. L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died in 1915 and was succeeded at the Louis Dreyfus Group by his sons Louis and Charles, who expanded the company in the Americas and in the Russian Empire (prior to the 1917 Revolution). In 2013, the Louis Dreyfus Group is considered to be one of the \"big four\" global food trading companies in the world competing with Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge Limited, and Cargill Inc.", "Charles Louis-Dreyfus Charles Louis-Dreyfus (August 21, 1870 \u2013 July 30, 1929) was a co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the middle of three sons of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (1833\u20131915) and Emilie Lang (1840\u20131918). His brothers were Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus and his brother were shareholders in the French Communist paper \"l'Humanit\u00e9.\" The Legion of Honour was bestowed on him by the French government in 1923. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in the Paris suburb of Ville-d'Avray on July 30, 1929.", "Pierre Louis-Dreyfus Pierre Louis-Dreyfus (17 May 1908 \u2013 15 January 2011) was a French Resistance fighter during World War II who later served as CEO of the Louis Dreyfus Cie. Pierre Louis-Dreyfus was born on 17 May 1908 in Paris, one of four children born to Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), a merchant and ship-owner, and Sarah Germaine H\u00e9ment. His family was Jewish. His paternal grandfather, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. He had two siblings, brother Fran\u00e7ois Louis Dreyfus (1909\u20131958) and sister, Arlette Louis Dreyfus (1911\u20132001). His granddaughter is Julia Louis-Dreyfus. In 1928, he graduated from the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet with a joint degree in arts and law. Called to military service, he became a cadet in the Reserve Cavalry School at Saumur in October 1928 and was released in May 1929 with the rank of sub-lieutenant. He was then assigned to the 6th Dragoons until his release in October 1929. Thereafter, he worked in the family business, Louis Dreyfus & Cie., eventually becoming a partner. He was recalled in August 1939 and served as a lieutenant in the 2nd Dragoon Regiment. He served two rotations in Luxembourg and France before again being discharged after the French capitulation. In 1941, along with his friends, Emile Laffon, Jacques Bounin and Emmanuel d'Astier, he came into contact with and joined the French Resistance. Having extensive military training, Louis-Dreyfus was assigned responsibility for coordinating the resistance groups in the south of France. He was forced to flee France in December 1942 and arrived back in England in January 1943.", "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long). It was her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live at the age of 21. Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985, becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time. During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short. It was during her third and final year on SNL that she met writer Larry David during his only year on the show, who would later co-create Seinfeld. Louis-Dreyfus has commented that her casting on SNL was a \"Cinderella-getting-to-go-to-the-ball kind of experience\"; however, she has also admitted that at times it was often quite tense, stating that she \"didn't know how to navigate the waters of show business in general and specifically doing a live sketch-comedy show\". Following her 1985 departure from SNL, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in several films, including the Woody Allen-directed Hannah and Her Sisters (1986); Soul Man (1986), starring C. Thomas Howell; and National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), in which she starred alongside fellow SNL alum Chevy Chase. In 1987, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in the NBC sitcom pilot The Art of Being Nick, an intended spin-off from Family Ties starring Scott Valentine.", "G\u00e9rard Louis-Dreyfus G\u00e9rard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 \u2013 September 16, 2016), also known as William, was an American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by \"Forbes\" in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Paris in 1932. His great-grandfather L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. His mother, Dolores Porges (n\u00e9e Neubauer; 1905\u20131987), was American-born, the daughter of a Brazilian father and a Mexican mother. His father, Pierre Louis-Dreyfus, (1908\u20132011), was a Frenchman who headed the Louis Dreyfus group. His father, who was Jewish, fought in the French Resistance during World War II; his mother was Catholic. He has one sister, Dominique Cornwell. In 1940, Louis-Dreyfus moved to the United States with his mother after her divorce from Pierre. By 1945, he had adopted the name William as a symbol of his integration into American society. After graduating from Duke University and Duke University School of Law, Louis-Dreyfus worked at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine, New York, before joining Louis Dreyfus in 1965. Louis-Dreyfus was chairman of the Poetry Society of America from 1998 to 2008. He had poems published in publications such as The Hudson Review. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in Mount Kisco, New York on September 16, 2016 at the age of 84. His daughter Julia dedicated her 2016 Emmy win to her late father."], "answer": {"text": "Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985,", "answer_start": 433}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was part of this group?", "answer": {"text": "The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long).", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get another big break in her career?", "answer": {"text": "her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#4", "question": "What was notable about her time on SNL?", "rewrite": "What was notable about Louis-Dreyfus's time on SNL?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long). It was her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live at the age of 21. Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985, becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time. During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short. It was during her third and final year on SNL that she met writer Larry David during his only year on the show, who would later co-create Seinfeld. Louis-Dreyfus has commented that her casting on SNL was a \"Cinderella-getting-to-go-to-the-ball kind of experience\"; however, she has also admitted that at times it was often quite tense, stating that she \"didn't know how to navigate the waters of show business in general and specifically doing a live sketch-comedy show\". Following her 1985 departure from SNL, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in several films, including the Woody Allen-directed Hannah and Her Sisters (1986); Soul Man (1986), starring C. Thomas Howell; and National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), in which she starred alongside fellow SNL alum Chevy Chase. In 1987, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in the NBC sitcom pilot The Art of Being Nick, an intended spin-off from Family Ties starring Scott Valentine.", "Charles Louis-Dreyfus Charles Louis-Dreyfus (August 21, 1870 \u2013 July 30, 1929) was a co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the middle of three sons of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (1833\u20131915) and Emilie Lang (1840\u20131918). His brothers were Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus and his brother were shareholders in the French Communist paper \"l'Humanit\u00e9.\" The Legion of Honour was bestowed on him by the French government in 1923. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in the Paris suburb of Ville-d'Avray on July 30, 1929.", "In 1883, the Louis Dreyfus Group was one of the first companies to engage in futures trading at the Liverpool Corn Trade Association, allowing it to both buy and sell commodities simultaneously. By 1900, the Louis Dreyfus Group was the world's largest grain trader. In 1905, the Banque Louis-Dreyfus was founded to help finance the company's operations in grain markets. Thereafter, the company expanded internationally: in 1909, it opened an office in Duluth, Minnesota and began exporting durum wheat; in 1911, it started trading cotton in Brazil; and in 1913, it set up operations in Melbourne. In 1915, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles. In 1860, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus married \u00c9milie Lang (29 January 1840 \u2013 7 December 1918), daughter of Isaac Lang and Rosalie (\"n\u00e9e\" Aron) Lang. They had three sons: Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940), Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). By the early 20th century, the Louis-Dreyfus family was described as one of the \"five great fortunes of France\". Louis-Dreyfus also served as Consul-General for the Kingdom of Romania in Paris. He was awarded the title of Commander of the Legion of Honour () on 19 April 1912. L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died in 1915 and was succeeded at the Louis Dreyfus Group by his sons Louis and Charles, who expanded the company in the Americas and in the Russian Empire (prior to the 1917 Revolution). In 2013, the Louis Dreyfus Group is considered to be one of the \"big four\" global food trading companies in the world competing with Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge Limited, and Cargill Inc.", "G\u00e9rard Louis-Dreyfus G\u00e9rard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 \u2013 September 16, 2016), also known as William, was an American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by \"Forbes\" in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Paris in 1932. His great-grandfather L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. His mother, Dolores Porges (n\u00e9e Neubauer; 1905\u20131987), was American-born, the daughter of a Brazilian father and a Mexican mother. His father, Pierre Louis-Dreyfus, (1908\u20132011), was a Frenchman who headed the Louis Dreyfus group. His father, who was Jewish, fought in the French Resistance during World War II; his mother was Catholic. He has one sister, Dominique Cornwell. In 1940, Louis-Dreyfus moved to the United States with his mother after her divorce from Pierre. By 1945, he had adopted the name William as a symbol of his integration into American society. After graduating from Duke University and Duke University School of Law, Louis-Dreyfus worked at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine, New York, before joining Louis Dreyfus in 1965. Louis-Dreyfus was chairman of the Poetry Society of America from 1998 to 2008. He had poems published in publications such as The Hudson Review. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in Mount Kisco, New York on September 16, 2016 at the age of 84. His daughter Julia dedicated her 2016 Emmy win to her late father.", "Pierre Louis-Dreyfus Pierre Louis-Dreyfus (17 May 1908 \u2013 15 January 2011) was a French Resistance fighter during World War II who later served as CEO of the Louis Dreyfus Cie. Pierre Louis-Dreyfus was born on 17 May 1908 in Paris, one of four children born to Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), a merchant and ship-owner, and Sarah Germaine H\u00e9ment. His family was Jewish. His paternal grandfather, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. He had two siblings, brother Fran\u00e7ois Louis Dreyfus (1909\u20131958) and sister, Arlette Louis Dreyfus (1911\u20132001). His granddaughter is Julia Louis-Dreyfus. In 1928, he graduated from the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet with a joint degree in arts and law. Called to military service, he became a cadet in the Reserve Cavalry School at Saumur in October 1928 and was released in May 1929 with the rank of sub-lieutenant. He was then assigned to the 6th Dragoons until his release in October 1929. Thereafter, he worked in the family business, Louis Dreyfus & Cie., eventually becoming a partner. He was recalled in August 1939 and served as a lieutenant in the 2nd Dragoon Regiment. He served two rotations in Luxembourg and France before again being discharged after the French capitulation. In 1941, along with his friends, Emile Laffon, Jacques Bounin and Emmanuel d'Astier, he came into contact with and joined the French Resistance. Having extensive military training, Louis-Dreyfus was assigned responsibility for coordinating the resistance groups in the south of France. He was forced to flee France in December 1942 and arrived back in England in January 1943."], "answer": {"text": "becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time.", "answer_start": 530}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was part of this group?", "answer": {"text": "The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long).", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get another big break in her career?", "answer": {"text": "her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she go to SNL?", "answer": {"text": "Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985,", "answer_start": 433, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#5", "question": "Was she cast with any other famous people?", "rewrite": "Was Louis-Dreyfus cast with any other famous people on SNL in addition to herself?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Charles Louis-Dreyfus Charles Louis-Dreyfus (August 21, 1870 \u2013 July 30, 1929) was a co-director of the commodity distribution and trading company, Louis Dreyfus Group. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Zurich to a Jewish family, the middle of three sons of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus (1833\u20131915) and Emilie Lang (1840\u20131918). His brothers were Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940) and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). In 1851, his father, the son of a farmer from Alsace, founded the commodity distributor and trader Louis Dreyfus Group growing the business to the point that in 1900, it was the world's largest grain distributor. In 1915, his father died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles who served as co-Directors. In 1917, the Louis Dreyfus Group was forced out of Russia by the Russian Revolution catalyzing their international expansion. During World War I, the firm expanded into the maritime arms trade supplying the belligerents to war. In 1924, they expanded to South Africa and in the 20s and 30s built up their own shipping company, LD Lines. Known as the \"King of Wheat,\" the Dreyfus Group dominated the grain trade through the Great Depression and up to the outbreak of World War II purchasing grain at low cost in producing countries and selling at a higher price in countries that had shortages. Louis-Dreyfus and his brother were shareholders in the French Communist paper \"l'Humanit\u00e9.\" The Legion of Honour was bestowed on him by the French government in 1923. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in the Paris suburb of Ville-d'Avray on July 30, 1929.", "In 1883, the Louis Dreyfus Group was one of the first companies to engage in futures trading at the Liverpool Corn Trade Association, allowing it to both buy and sell commodities simultaneously. By 1900, the Louis Dreyfus Group was the world's largest grain trader. In 1905, the Banque Louis-Dreyfus was founded to help finance the company's operations in grain markets. Thereafter, the company expanded internationally: in 1909, it opened an office in Duluth, Minnesota and began exporting durum wheat; in 1911, it started trading cotton in Brazil; and in 1913, it set up operations in Melbourne. In 1915, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died turning over the family company to sons Louis and Charles. In 1860, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus married \u00c9milie Lang (29 January 1840 \u2013 7 December 1918), daughter of Isaac Lang and Rosalie (\"n\u00e9e\" Aron) Lang. They had three sons: Louis Louis-Dreyfus (1867\u20131940), Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), and Robert Louis-Dreyfus (1877\u20131907). By the early 20th century, the Louis-Dreyfus family was described as one of the \"five great fortunes of France\". Louis-Dreyfus also served as Consul-General for the Kingdom of Romania in Paris. He was awarded the title of Commander of the Legion of Honour () on 19 April 1912. L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus died in 1915 and was succeeded at the Louis Dreyfus Group by his sons Louis and Charles, who expanded the company in the Americas and in the Russian Empire (prior to the 1917 Revolution). In 2013, the Louis Dreyfus Group is considered to be one of the \"big four\" global food trading companies in the world competing with Archer Daniels Midland, Bunge Limited, and Cargill Inc.", "Pierre Louis-Dreyfus Pierre Louis-Dreyfus (17 May 1908 \u2013 15 January 2011) was a French Resistance fighter during World War II who later served as CEO of the Louis Dreyfus Cie. Pierre Louis-Dreyfus was born on 17 May 1908 in Paris, one of four children born to Charles Louis-Dreyfus (1870\u20131929), a merchant and ship-owner, and Sarah Germaine H\u00e9ment. His family was Jewish. His paternal grandfather, L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. He had two siblings, brother Fran\u00e7ois Louis Dreyfus (1909\u20131958) and sister, Arlette Louis Dreyfus (1911\u20132001). His granddaughter is Julia Louis-Dreyfus. In 1928, he graduated from the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet with a joint degree in arts and law. Called to military service, he became a cadet in the Reserve Cavalry School at Saumur in October 1928 and was released in May 1929 with the rank of sub-lieutenant. He was then assigned to the 6th Dragoons until his release in October 1929. Thereafter, he worked in the family business, Louis Dreyfus & Cie., eventually becoming a partner. He was recalled in August 1939 and served as a lieutenant in the 2nd Dragoon Regiment. He served two rotations in Luxembourg and France before again being discharged after the French capitulation. In 1941, along with his friends, Emile Laffon, Jacques Bounin and Emmanuel d'Astier, he came into contact with and joined the French Resistance. Having extensive military training, Louis-Dreyfus was assigned responsibility for coordinating the resistance groups in the south of France. He was forced to flee France in December 1942 and arrived back in England in January 1943.", "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long). It was her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live at the age of 21. Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985, becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time. During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short. It was during her third and final year on SNL that she met writer Larry David during his only year on the show, who would later co-create Seinfeld. Louis-Dreyfus has commented that her casting on SNL was a \"Cinderella-getting-to-go-to-the-ball kind of experience\"; however, she has also admitted that at times it was often quite tense, stating that she \"didn't know how to navigate the waters of show business in general and specifically doing a live sketch-comedy show\". Following her 1985 departure from SNL, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in several films, including the Woody Allen-directed Hannah and Her Sisters (1986); Soul Man (1986), starring C. Thomas Howell; and National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), in which she starred alongside fellow SNL alum Chevy Chase. In 1987, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in the NBC sitcom pilot The Art of Being Nick, an intended spin-off from Family Ties starring Scott Valentine.", "G\u00e9rard Louis-Dreyfus G\u00e9rard C. Louis-Dreyfus (June 21, 1932 \u2013 September 16, 2016), also known as William, was an American businessman. His net worth was estimated at $3.4 billion by \"Forbes\" in 2006. He was the chairman of Louis Dreyfus Energy Services and the great grandson of L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus, founder of Louis Dreyfus Group. He was the father of actress Julia Louis-Dreyfus. Louis-Dreyfus was born in Paris in 1932. His great-grandfather L\u00e9opold Louis-Dreyfus founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in 1851. His mother, Dolores Porges (n\u00e9e Neubauer; 1905\u20131987), was American-born, the daughter of a Brazilian father and a Mexican mother. His father, Pierre Louis-Dreyfus, (1908\u20132011), was a Frenchman who headed the Louis Dreyfus group. His father, who was Jewish, fought in the French Resistance during World War II; his mother was Catholic. He has one sister, Dominique Cornwell. In 1940, Louis-Dreyfus moved to the United States with his mother after her divorce from Pierre. By 1945, he had adopted the name William as a symbol of his integration into American society. After graduating from Duke University and Duke University School of Law, Louis-Dreyfus worked at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine, New York, before joining Louis Dreyfus in 1965. Louis-Dreyfus was chairman of the Poetry Society of America from 1998 to 2008. He had poems published in publications such as The Hudson Review. Louis-Dreyfus died at his home in Mount Kisco, New York on September 16, 2016 at the age of 84. His daughter Julia dedicated her 2016 Emmy win to her late father."], "answer": {"text": "During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short.", "answer_start": 615}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was part of this group?", "answer": {"text": "The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long).", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get another big break in her career?", "answer": {"text": "her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she go to SNL?", "answer": {"text": "Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985,", "answer_start": 433, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about her time on SNL?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time.", "answer_start": 530, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#6", "question": "What happened during her other years with the show?", "rewrite": "What happened during Louis-Dreyfus other years with SNL in addition to working with Murphy, Belushi, Crystal and Short?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aykroyd was a close friend of John Belushi. According to Aykroyd, it was their first meeting that helped spark the Blues Brothers act. When they met in a club Aykroyd frequented, he played a blues record in the background, and it stimulated a fascination with blues in Belushi, who was primarily a fan of heavy rock bands at the time. Aykroyd educated Belushi on the finer points of blues music and, with a little encouragement from then-SNL music director Paul Shaffer, it led to the creation of their Blues Brothers characters. Backed by such experienced professional R&B sidemen as lead guitarist Steve Cropper, sax man Lou Marini, trumpeter Alan Rubin and bass guitarist Donald \"Duck\" Dunn, the Blues Brothers proved more than an SNL novelty. Taking off with the public as a legitimate musical act, they performed live gigs and in 1978 released the hit album Briefcase Full of Blues (drawn from the fact that Aykroyd, as \"Elwood Blues\", carried his blues harmonicas in a briefcase that he kept handcuffed to his wrist, in the manner of a CIA courier; Belushi originally carried the key to those handcuffs). Briefcase Full of Blues eventually sold 3.5 million copies, and is one of the highest-selling blues albums of all time. The band was much further popularized in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, which Aykroyd co-wrote. Early in the incarnation of the Blues Brothers, Belushi joined the Grateful Dead on stage on April 2, 1980, for a rendition of \"Good Morning Little School Girl\" at the Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey that coincided with the Dead's appearance on SNL that weekend. Belushi sang the part usually carried by the late band member Ron \"Pigpen\" McKernan.", "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long). It was her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live at the age of 21. Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985, becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time. During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short. It was during her third and final year on SNL that she met writer Larry David during his only year on the show, who would later co-create Seinfeld. Louis-Dreyfus has commented that her casting on SNL was a \"Cinderella-getting-to-go-to-the-ball kind of experience\"; however, she has also admitted that at times it was often quite tense, stating that she \"didn't know how to navigate the waters of show business in general and specifically doing a live sketch-comedy show\". Following her 1985 departure from SNL, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in several films, including the Woody Allen-directed Hannah and Her Sisters (1986); Soul Man (1986), starring C. Thomas Howell; and National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989), in which she starred alongside fellow SNL alum Chevy Chase. In 1987, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in the NBC sitcom pilot The Art of Being Nick, an intended spin-off from Family Ties starring Scott Valentine.", "Lane wondered how the \"Star Trek\" franchise could ever come back from the total deconstruction the \"SNL\" skit presented. The sketch became a cult classic hit among \"Star Trek\" and science fiction fans. Captain Kirk actor William Shatner was asked which \"Star Trek\" parody was his favorite: Belushi's impression of himself, or the later satire wherein Shatner appeared on \"Saturday Night Live\" in a sketch telling \"Star Trek\" fans known as Trekkies to \"Get a life\". Shatner said he preferred Belushi's impression to his own later appearance on the comedy television program. Shatner commented: \"I like Belushi's work as Kirk better than my own\". DeForest Kelley, the actor who portrayed physician Leonard McCoy on \"Star Trek\", was a personal favorite of John Belushi. Belushi had offices on the same lot as Kelley. Kelley overheard Belushi discussing the \"Saturday Night Live\" parody of \"Star Trek\" with William Shatner, and mentioned to both of them that he had not yet seen the sketch. Belushi immediately escorted Kelley to his office on the lot and had him watch it on videotape. Kelley thoroughly enjoyed it, especially Belushi's impression of Captain Kirk. He later remarked that he had trouble going back to act on the \"Star Trek\" set in a scene opposite Shatner because he could not stop laughing remembering the \"Saturday Night Live\" parody and Belushi's portrayal. Belushi later gave Kelley a signed videotape of the sketch; he had written \"Live Long and Prosper\" on the tape. Kelley sent the videotape to close friends when Belushi died because he did not want to hold on to the memento which brought up sad memories of his loss.", "In 1975 Chevy Chase and writer Michael O'Donoghue recommended Belushi to Lorne Michaels as a potential member for a television show Michaels was about to produce called Saturday Night a.k.a. Saturday Night Live (SNL). Michaels was initially undecided, as he was not sure if Belushi's physical humor would fit with what he was envisioning, but he changed his mind after giving Belushi an audition. Over his four-year tenure at SNL, Belushi developed a series of successful characters, including the belligerent Samurai Futaba, Henry Kissinger, Ludwig van Beethoven, the Greek owner of the Olympia Cafe, Captain James T. Kirk, and a contributor of furious opinion pieces on Weekend Update, during which he coined his catchphrase, \"But N-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O-O!\" With Aykroyd, Belushi created Jake and Elwood, the Blues Brothers. Originally intended to warm up the crowd before the show, the Blues Brothers were eventually featured as music guests. Belushi also reprised his Lemmings imitation of Joe Cocker. Cocker himself joined Belushi in 1976 to sing together Feeling Alright. Like many of his SNL fellow cast members, Belushi began experimenting heavily with drugs to deal with the constant pressure. His unpredictable temper caused him to be fired (and immediately re-hired) by Michaels a number of times. In Rolling Stone's February 2015 appraisal of all 141 SNL cast members to that time, Belushi received the top ranking. \"Belushi was the 'live' in Saturday Night Live,\" they wrote, \"the one who made the show happen on the edge ... Nobody embodied the highs and lows of SNL like Belushi.\"", "Michael O'Donoghue was fired in the middle of season seven after repeated arguments with Ebersol over the creative direction of the show, and because of his abusive treatment of the cast. With the release of the film \"48 Hours\", Murphy's star began to eclipse the other cast members. Murphy's co-star in the film, Nick Nolte, was scheduled to host the show, but canceled at the last minute. Ebersol offered Murphy the chance to host, a move that Piscopo would perceive as a major slight. Piscopo would later claim that Ebersol used Murphy's success to divide the two erstwhile friends and play them against one another. In February 1984, Eddie Murphy left the show. His appearances for the remainder of the season consisted of sketches he had pre-taped in September 1983. Duke, Piscopo, Hall, and Kazurinsky were not invited to return after season nine. Piscopo was offered a chance to guest host during season ten, but declined. Upon the departures of Murphy and Piscopo, Ebersol, having lost his key players, began rebuilding the cast for season ten, enlisting what is in retrospect known as the \"All-Star\" cast. Along with veteran players James Belushi, Gross, Kroeger, and Louis-Dreyfus, Ebersol added, for the first time in the show's history, well-known names to the repertory. This new cast included \"Soap\" star Billy Crystal; Martin Short, who had made a name for himself as Ed Grimley (a character he would bring to \"SNL\" that year) on Canada's \"SCTV\"; Christopher Guest and Harry Shearer (who was also a cast member in 1979) from The Credibility Gap and"], "answer": {"text": "It was during her third and final year on SNL that she met writer Larry David during his only year on the show, who would later co-create Seinfeld.", "answer_start": 781}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was part of this group?", "answer": {"text": "The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long).", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get another big break in her career?", "answer": {"text": "her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she go to SNL?", "answer": {"text": "Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985,", "answer_start": 433, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about her time on SNL?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time.", "answer_start": 530, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she cast with any other famous people?", "answer": {"text": "During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short.", "answer_start": 615, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b80e7efaaae84899b32fadeec27cad96_1_q#7", "question": "What did Julia say about her time with SNL?", "rewrite": "What did Julia say about her time with SNL?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mary Ellen Matthews Mary Ellen Matthews is a photographer based in New York City and East Hampton, New York. She is best known for her photographs featured on the television sketch comedy and variety show \" Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\"); her portraits of the celebrities who appear as guest-hosts and musical guests of \"SNL\" are displayed as the show returns from commercial breaks. Since 2010 she has also directed videos for \"SNL\". A native of New Jersey, and currently living in East Hampton, New York , Matthews began her career in film production and music publicity. She moved into the field of entertainment photography when she joined the staff of \"SNL\" in 1993 as an assistant to photographer Edie Baskin. In 1999 she took over from Baskin, becoming responsible for the celebrity portraits used as commercial bumpers on the show. Matthews' \"SNL\" photographs are taken at NBC headquarters in the GE Building in New York City's Rockefeller Center. Matthews uses Studio 8H as her shooting space\u2014the very same studio from which \"SNL\" is broadcast; she often photographs the week's guest-host as the week's musical guest practices their musical set in the same studio. In the summer of 2010 a retrospective of Matthew's photographs from \"SNL\" titled \"Live from New York: A Decade of Portraits\" was exhibited at the John Varvatos boutique at 315 Bowery in New York City\u2014formerly the site of seminal music club CBGB. She also began directing video clips for \"SNL\" in 2010, such as the show's opening title sequence. In addition to her work on \"SNL\", Matthews works in the realms of promotional, editorial and commercial photography for a variety of clients.", "Terry Sweeney Terry Sweeney is an American artist, actor, and writer. He was a writer and cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in the 1980s, co-wrote the 1989 film \"Shag\", and has written for the television \"series MADtv\", \"Hype\", and \"Tripping the Rift\". Terrence (Terry) Sweeney was born on March 23, 1951 in Queens, New York and raised in Massapequa Park, New York as the younger of two children to Terrence, a butcher, and Lenore Sweeney. As a child, he was bullied and found solace in books and movie musicals as well as in performing his own Broadway plays. At a young age, his interest in the performing arts grew and he became a star of the high school talent show. He graduated Farmingdale High School in 1969 and attended Middlebury College, where he continued his studies in Spanish and Italian, and graduated in 1973 with a bachelor of arts degree. Sweeney is best known for his appearances as a regular cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\") during that program's 1985\u201386 season. After college, Sweeney started out doing edgy performance art as various drag characters at multiple New York City venues. A rave \"New York Times\" review of \"Banned in France\" led to an audition at \"SNL\" for the series producer Lorne Michaels. Sweeney, who is not related to fellow \"SNL\" alumna Julia Sweeney, was also a sketch writer for \"SNL\" during the early 1980s under producer Jean Doumanian prior to being hired as a member of the cast. Not only was he \"SNL\"'s first openly gay male cast member but he was the first openly gay series regular on network television; Sweeney was \"out\" prior to being hired as a cast member.", "While a stand-up comedian, Larry David also worked as a store clerk, limousine driver, and historian. He lived in Manhattan Plaza, a federally subsidized housing complex in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, across the hall from Kenny Kramer, the inspiration for the Cosmo Kramer character in \"Seinfeld\". David then became a writer for and cast member of ABC's \"Fridays\" from 1980 to 1982, and a writer for NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\") from 1984 to 1985. During his time at \"SNL\", he was able to get only one sketch on the show, which aired at 12:50 AM, the last time slot on the show. David quit his writing job at \"SNL\" in the first season, only to show up to work two days later acting as though nothing had happened. That event inspired a second-season episode of \"Seinfeld\" entitled \"The Revenge\". David met his future \"Seinfeld\" stars during that early stage of his career: he worked with Michael Richards (Kramer) on \"Fridays\" and with Julia Louis-Dreyfus (Elaine) on \"SNL\". He can be heard heckling Michael McKean when McKean hosted \"SNL\" in 1984, and he can be seen in the sketch \"The Run, Throw, and Catch Like a Girl Olympics\" when Howard Cosell hosted the season finale in 1985. In 1989 David teamed up with comedian Jerry Seinfeld to create a pilot for NBC called \"The Seinfeld Chronicles\", which became the basis for \"Seinfeld\", one of the most successful shows in history, reaching the top of \"TV Guide\" list of the 50 greatest TV shows of all time. \" Entertainment Weekly\" ranked it the third-best TV show of all time.", "(Adam Levine in Season 38 and Natalie Portman in Season 43); two that aired when Samberg hosted the Season 39 finale in 2014; one created for the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special in February 2015 (featuring Samberg & Adam Sandler); and one that aired during the Season 41 finale in May 2016 to promote The Lonely Island's feature film, \"\". A total of 11 SNL Digital Shorts were created for the 2005\u20132006 season. A total of 12 SNL Digital Shorts were created for the 2006\u20132007 season. A total of 11 SNL Digital Shorts were created for the 2007\u20132008 season. A total of 17 SNL Digital Shorts were created for the 2008\u20132009 season. A total of 19 SNL Digital Shorts were created for the 2009\u20132010 season. A total of 17 SNL Digital Shorts were created for the 2010\u20132011 season. A total of 14 SNL Digital Shorts were created for the 2011\u20132012 season. One SNL Digital Short was created for the 2012\u20132013 season. It aired during the episode hosted by Adam Levine, which also featured a live cameo appearance by Andy Samberg. Two SNL Digital Shorts were created during the 2013\u201314 season. Both aired during the Season 39 finale, which was hosted by Andy Samberg. One short was created for the 2014\u201315 season. One short was aired during the 2015\u201316 season. One short was aired during the 2017-18 season. These shorts were filmed and shown to the studio audience during the weekly SNL dress rehearsal, but were not included in the live show and have yet to appear on air. Produced by The Lonely Island, and/or labeled Digital Shorts on official YouTube postings, these shorts aired on an SNL episode but not with the official \"An SNL Digital Short\" title card.", "Certain sketches from the original program, such as Debbie Downer and Schweddy Balls, were adapted into French, while other sketches were original material written directly for the Quebec series. On May 13, 2014, \"SNL Quebec\" was renewed for another eight episodes to be broadcast monthly over the 2014\u201315 season ending with a \"Best of\" compilation. T\u00e9l\u00e9-Qu\u00e9bec announced in May 2015 that the series would not be renewed due to funding cutbacks, and T\u00e9l\u00e9vision de Radio-Canada subsequently signed the show's production team and cast to produce a new series, \"Le nouveau show\", for that network. The French channel M6 launched the pilot episode of its \"SNL\" adaptation, \"Le Saturday Night Live\", in January 2017. The Polish division of Showmax video-on-demand streaming service launched the first season of its \"SNL\" adaptation, \"SNL Polska\" on December 2, 2017. The show received mixed-to-negative reviews. SNL program items are available from the NBC website and YouTube in the U.S., but are blocked to many overseas (non-U.S.) viewers. Some local television and cable companies outside the U.S. broadcast the show as well, either in live broadcast or as a VOD recording, due to its worldwide reputation. In 2002, \"SNL\" was ranked tenth on \"TV Guide\"s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, while in 2007 it was honored with inclusion on \"Time\" magazine's list of \"100 Best TV Shows of All-\"TIME\".\" In June 2013, the show was placed at number 25 on the list of the 101 best written shows of all time by the Writers Guild of America, assessing series from the previous seventy years."], "answer": {"text": "on SNL was a \"Cinderella-getting-to-go-to-the-ball kind of experience\";", "answer_start": 974}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Louis-Dreyfus begin her early career?", "answer": {"text": "As part of her comedic training, Louis-Dreyfus appeared in The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was part of this group?", "answer": {"text": "The Second City, one of Chicago's best-known improvisation theatre groups (whose alumni include Alan Arkin, Steve Carell, Stephen Colbert, Tina Fey, Amy Poehler, and Shelley Long).", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she get another big break in her career?", "answer": {"text": "her performance with The Practical Theatre Company at their \"Golden 50th Anniversary Jubilee\" that led to her being asked to join the cast of NBC's Saturday Night Live", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she go to SNL?", "answer": {"text": "Louis-Dreyfus was subsequently made into a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985,", "answer_start": 433, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about her time on SNL?", "answer": {"text": "becoming the youngest female cast member in the history of the program at that time.", "answer_start": 530, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she cast with any other famous people?", "answer": {"text": "During her time on SNL, she appeared alongside several actors who would later rise to prominence, such as Eddie Murphy, Jim Belushi, Billy Crystal, and Martin Short.", "answer_start": 615, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened during her other years with the show?", "answer": {"text": "It was during her third and final year on SNL that she met writer Larry David during his only year on the show, who would later co-create Seinfeld.", "answer_start": 781, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c24aca9b6b034257b59e29306f900d94_1_q#0", "question": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "rewrite": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alphabet f\u00fcr Li\u00e8ge  Alphabet f\u00fcr Li\u00e8ge, for soloists and duos, is a composition (or a musical installation) by Karlheinz Stockhausen, and is Work Number 36 in the composer's catalog of works. A performance of it lasts four hours. The fundamental idea underlying \"Alphabet\" is the notion that sound vibrations can affect both living beings and inanimate matter . There are thirteen \"scenes\", or \"musical images\", each illustrating the physical effects of sound, ranging from making acoustic vibrations visible to a demonstration of Asian mantra techniques. These ideas were developed in conversations with the British biophysicist and lecturer on mystical aspects of sound vibration Jill Purce, who also called Stockhausen's attention to the work of Hans Jenny (; ). In a radio interview three months before the premiere, Stockhausen explained his purpose was to show \"how sound waves always change the molecules, even the atoms of a being who listens to music, making them vibrate. And that is what we want to make visible, because most people only believe what they see\" . \"Alphabet\" was created as a commission from the City of Li\u00e8ge on the initiative of Philippe Boesmans, for the Nuits de Septembre festival, and was premiered during a \"Journ\u00e9e Karlheinz Stockhausen\" on 23 September 1972. Stockhausen envisaged the work for performance in a labyrinth-like building. The venue chosen for the premiere consisted of fourteen still-empty areas, all leading off of a central corridor, in the basement level of the half-completed radio and television building in the Li\u00e8ge Palais des Congr\u00e8s, before the wall coverings, doors, and office partitions had been installed. The bare concrete and breeze-block surfaces were whitewashed especially for the performance, and the rooms were all open to each other through open doors and windows.", "Tara Bouman Clarinettist Tara Bouman (born 1970, Leiden, the Netherlands) studied the clarinet at the conservatories of Amsterdam and Rotterdam with Walter Boeijkens and Piet Honingh. She plays the \"corno di bassetto\" or basset horn, clarinet and bass clarinet. Amongst the musicians and conductors she worked with are: Suzanne Stephens, Reinbert de Leeuw, Stephan Asbury, Jonathan Nott, Riccardo Chailly, Roscoe Mitchell, Michael Riessler, Cuarteto de Cuerdas \" Jos\u00e9 White\", Simon Stockhausen and Alain Damiens. Her musical partners of this moment are: Trumpeter Markus Stockhausen, accordionist Edwin Buchholz, percussionist Tatiana Koleva and flutist Helen Bledsoe. With Helen Bledsoe and Tatiana Koleva she forms the ensemble TEYAS. Tara Bouman worked together with a lot of composers whose repertoire she plays. Amongst them were Karlheinz Stockhausen, Georges Aperghis, Gy\u00f6rgy Kurt\u00e1g, Gy\u00f6rgy Ligeti, Oliver Knussen, George Benjamin, Roderik de Man, Magnus Lindberg, Earl Brown and Isabel Mundry, as well as composers of her own generation like Juan Felipe Waller, Vykintas Biliauskas, Robin de Raaff, Sinta Wullur, Hans Koolmees and Symon Clarke. She plays regularly in the ensembles of new music in the Netherlands and Germany (a.o. ASKO Ensemble, Sch\u00f6nberg Ensemble, Ensemble Musikfabrik NRW, Ensemble K\u00f6ln). As a soloist and chamber musician Tara Bouman played concerts all over Europe, Mexico and the United States. She just recorded her first CD with solos and duos by Markus Stockhausen, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Isabel Mundry and Pierre Boulez.", "Markus Stockhausen Markus Stockhausen (born May 2, 1957) is a German trumpeter and composer. His recordings and performances have typically alternated between jazz and chamber or opera music, the latter often in collaboration with his father, composer Karlheinz Stockhausen. Born in Cologne, he is the son of composer Karlheinz Stockhausen. At age four he appeared as \"child at play\" in his father's theatre piece \"Originale\". He received his first piano lessons at age six, and at age twelve he began to play the trumpet. He attended the music secondary school in Cologne. Concerts and festival appearances, also for the Goethe Institute, have taken him around the world. In November 2008 he gave the first performance of \"Freedom Variations\", a composition for trumpet and chamber ensemble written by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero. With Rainer Br\u00fcninghaus With Ralph Towner", "Musik f\u00fcr ein Haus  Musik f\u00fcr ein Haus is a group-composition project devised by Karlheinz Stockhausen for the 1968 Darmst\u00e4dter Ferienkurse. Fourteen composers and twelve instrumentalists participated, with the resulting performance lasting four hours. It was not regarded by Stockhausen as a composition belonging solely to himself, and therefore was not assigned a number in his catalog of works. Since the late 1950s Stockhausen had been considering a piece to be called \"Kammermusik\" (Chamber Music), which would have involved the construction on a stage of a number of chambers (like a multiple stage set), in each of which musicians could be isolated from the others with the sounds of their performances being combined from outside. At the same time, there would be opportunities for individual musicians to move from one chamber to another, in order to produce constantly changing configurations. Stockhausen never realised this idea, but for the 1968 Darmst\u00e4dter Ferienkurse Stockhausen organised a composition seminar as a successor to the previous year's \"Ensemble\" . Between the original planning, which began as early as November 1967, and the start of the courses in August 1968, Stockhausen experienced a personal crisis that changed the shape of the project. Following the premiere of \"Kurzwellen\" in Bremen on 5 May 1968, Stockhausen received a letter from his second wife, Mary Bauermeister, informing him that she would not be returning from America and declaring that their marriage was at an end. The resulting depressive episode prompted Stockhausen to a hunger strike, during which he read Satprem's book on Sri Aurobindo. The result was a new form of composition for Stockhausen, the fifteen texts of \"Aus den sieben Tagen\" .", "Spiel (Stockhausen)  Spiel (Play, or Game) is a two-movement orchestral composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1952. Withdrawn by the composer after its first performance, it was later revised and restored to his catalogue of works, where it bears the work-number \u00bc. The score is dedicated to the composer's first wife, Doris. In November 1951 Stockhausen sketched his first orchestral work and began composing the first of its three planned movements, provisionally titled \"Studie f\u00fcr Orchester\" (Study for Orchestra). Shortly afterward Herbert Eimert introduced Stockhausen to the director of the Donaueschinger Musiktage, Heinrich Strobel, who asked if he would be willing to compose an orchestral work for the festival, for which Strobel was prepared to pay a sum of 1500 DM\u2014the largest sum of money Stockhausen had ever received for any single job up to that point in his life. Stockhausen agreed to send a two-piano reduction of the movement he had already begun to Hans Rosbaud, the conductor of the Southwest German Radio Symphony Orchestra, which would give the premiere at Donaueschingen (, 43; , 52). In January 1952 Stockhausen moved to Paris to pursue post-graduate studies with Darius Milhaud and Olivier Messiaen. By the end of May, he had completed the orchestra work but had decided that the first movement (which would later be published separately under the title \"Formel\") was too melodic and motivic. Consequently, he posted the remaining two movements, now titled \"Spiel\", to Rosbaud in place of the single movement previously sent him (, 50). At the end of September Stockhausen travelled to Donaueschingen for rehearsals and the world premiere."], "answer": {"text": "Doris Andreae", "answer_start": 53}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c24aca9b6b034257b59e29306f900d94_1_q#1", "question": "When was he married to Doris Andreae ?", "rewrite": "When was Stockhausen married to Doris Andreae ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ch\u00f6re f\u00fcr Doris Ch\u00f6re f\u00fcr Doris (Choruses for Doris), after poems by Paul Verlaine, is a three-movement a cappella choral composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1950 and later given the number 1/11 in the composer's catalogue of works. The score is dedicated to the composer's first wife, Doris Stockhausen, n\u00e9e Andreae. During his third year of music-education studies at the Cologne Conservatory, free stylistic exercises in composition were part of the programme of training. Along with fugues, chorale preludes, sonatas, and song arrangements in various traditional styles, and a scherzo in the style of Paul Hindemith, Stockhausen wrote a number of choral pieces for the school choir in which he himself sang. Amongst them were these three \"Ch\u00f6re nach Verlaine\" (Choruses after Verlaine), later retitled \"Ch\u00f6re f\u00fcr Doris\". The first and third choruses were completed on 3 and 1 August 1950, respectively. The exact date of composition of the second is unknown. Stockhausen, who had not considered himself a composer up to this point, decided shortly after finishing these choruses to attempt something a little more ambitious for the first time, and wrote the \"Drei Lieder\" for alto voice and chamber orchestra (; ; ). All of these student works and a number of later ones remained unpublished until 1971, when Stockhausen rediscovered his early work \"Formel\" for chamber orchestra, and noticed affinities with his then-just-completed \"Mantra\" for two pianos and electronics.", "Drei Lieder (Stockhausen)  Drei Lieder (Three Songs), for alto voice and chamber orchestra, is a song cycle by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written while he was still a conservatory student in 1950. In the composer's catalogue of works, it bears the number /. When the 21-year-old Stockhausen wrote the \"Drei Lieder\" in two weeks during the summer of 1950, he had no ambition to become a composer. On the contrary, he was approaching the end of his studies in music education at the Cologne Conservatory and, after numerous classroom exercises, wanted merely to try his hand at composing something of substantial proportions. The work was originally titled \"Lieder der Abtr\u00fcnnung\" (Songs of a Renegade), and set three poems written by the composer himself: \"Mitten im Leben\" (Midway through Life), \"Frei\", and \"Der Saitenmann\". (It is possible that there were originally five songs, but two were later destroyed.) The score is dedicated to Doris Andreae, who later became the composer's wife . Stockhausen submitted the score to the jury for the Darmst\u00e4dter Ferienkurse, but they rejected it, judging it as \"too old-fashioned\" and the texts as \"too gruesome\". In reaction, Stockhausen decided to replace the text of the first song with a German translation of a poem by Charles Baudelaire. When he successfully auditioned for admission to Frank Martin's composition class at the conservatory, it was the \"Drei Lieder\" that he presented, and he also submitted the score as one of two examination papers in his optional subject, composition (the other was the Sonatine for violin and piano).", "Choral (Stockhausen)  Choral (Chorale) is a short a cappella choral composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, who wrote both the words and music in 1950. It was later given the number / in the composer's catalogue of works and lasts about four minutes in performance. The score is dedicated to the composer's first wife, Doris Stockhausen, n\u00e9e Andreae. During his third year of music-education studies at the Cologne Conservatory, free stylistic exercises in composition were part of the programme of training. His teacher was Professor Hermann Schroeder. Along with fugues, chorale preludes, sonatas, and song arrangements in various traditional styles, and a scherzo in the style of Paul Hindemith, Stockhausen wrote a number of choral pieces for the school choir in which he himself sang: The \"Madrigalchor der K\u00f6lner Musikhochschule\" was conducted by Hermann Schroeder and the first performance took place in a recording for Cologne Conservatory, Cologne (WDR) in 1950 . Amongst them was the Choral, with a text written by Stockhausen beginning \" Wer uns trug mit Schmerzen in dies Leben \" (Who has borne us with pain in this life). Stockhausen, who had not considered himself a composer up to this point, decided shortly after finishing this and the \"Ch\u00f6re f\u00fcr Doris\" to attempt something a little more ambitious for the first time, and wrote the \"Drei Lieder\" for alto voice and chamber orchestra (; ; ). All of these student works and a number of later ones remained unpublished until 1971, when Stockhausen rediscovered his early work \"Formel\" for chamber orchestra, and noticed affinities with his then-just-completed \"Mantra\" for two pianos and electronics.", "Edith Andreae Edith Andreae, born Rathenau (18 January 1883\u20131952) was a German saloni\u00e8re. She was literary executor and editor of the works of her brother Walther Rathenau. Edith Rathenau was born in 1883 in Berlin, only daughter of German-Jewish industrialist Emil Rathenau and his wife Mathilde Rathenau (born Nachmann), who belonged to the family of the rabbi Moses ben Nachmann - a mystic of the 12th century. She was the younger sister of the politician Walther Rathenau and the industrialist Erich Rathenau. On 10 February 1902, she married the banker Fritz Andreae, the son of the saloni\u00e8re Bertha von Arnswaldt and Karl Louis Andreae (1839\u20131878), who belonged to the family of Johann Valentin Andreae and Jakob Andreae. In her youth Edith Andreae was a friend of Katia Mann. In 1913 the family moved into the Villa Andreae in Grunewald. Edith Andreae there showed an \"ambitious high degree of sociability\". She was known as \"the most intellectual woman in Berlin\", and she supported Max Reinhardt and numerous intellectuals of her time, including Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Gerhart Hauptmann, Ursula Herking and Thomas Mann. Even politicians as Friedrich Ebert were guests in her house. After the death of her brother Walther Rathenau she was the owner of Castle Freienwalde. The castle became a memorial for Rathenau as a part of the Walther-Rathenau-Foundation, which was dissolved in 1939. During the Nazi era the family had to give up the house in the Grunewald in 1938 and emigrated to Switzerland in 1939. The family settled in Zurich. There Fritz Andreae died in 1950 and Edith Andreae two years later in 1952.", "On 29 December 1951, in Hamburg, Stockhausen married Doris Andreae (Kurtz 1992, 45; Maconie 2005, 47). Together they had four children: Suja (b. 1953), Christel (b. 1956), Markus (b. 1957), and Majella (b. 1961) (Kurtz 1992, 90; Tannenbaum 1987, 94). They were divorced in 1965 (Rathert 2013). On 3 April 1967, in San Francisco, he married Mary Bauermeister, with whom he had two children: Julika (b. 22 January 1966) and Simon (b. 1967) (Kurtz 1992, 141, 149; Tannenbaum 1987, 95). They were divorced in 1972 (Rathert 2013; Stockhausen-Stiftung & [2013]). Four of Stockhausen's children became professional musicians (Kurtz 1992, 202), and he composed some of his works specifically for them. A large number of pieces for the trumpet--from Sirius (1975-77) to the trumpet version of In Freundschaft (1997)--were composed for and premiered by his son Markus (Kurtz 1992, 208; M. Stockhausen 1998, 13-16; Tannenbaum 1987, 61). Markus, at the age of 4 years, had performed the part of The Child in the Cologne premiere of Originale, alternating performances with his sister Christel (Maconie 2005, 220)."], "answer": {"text": "On 29 December 1951,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "answer": {"text": "Doris Andreae", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c24aca9b6b034257b59e29306f900d94_1_q#2", "question": "How many children did they have together ?", "rewrite": "How many children did Karlheinz and Doris have together ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Doris' father wants her to carry on his upward mobility by socialising with well-off young people and attending university, but due to her family background, Doris is uncomfortable with these expectations. She is instead drawn to Tony and the \"kicks\" they enjoy when spending time together, including riding on Tony's motorcycle and having sex. Doris' father disapproves of Tony, thinking Doris can and should do better, and tries to thwart the relationship. Tony soon falls in love with Doris, and tries to convince her to run away with him, but Doris refuses. Instead, she encourages Tony to commit more burglaries and take her along, even after they are nearly caught in the act. The couple eventually burglarise a shoe shop, during which Doris increases the risk on purpose by turning on lights and encouraging Tony to remain in the shop instead of leaving quickly. The police arrive and pursue Doris and Tony, who initially escape, but Tony in his haste leaves behind evidence that is traced to him. He is arrested and sent to borstal, ending his relationship with Doris. Upon being released, he learns that he had made Doris pregnant, and that she married another man before having the child. Doris and her husband were then killed when the motorcycle they were riding crashed. Doris' parents adopted her son. Denied contact with the child he fathered, Tony steals a radio in broad daylight on a busy street and is quickly apprehended. The middle-aged Tony continues his pattern of theft by stealing cheese from his employer. He takes the cheese home to his working-class wife and young sons, with whom he has a loving relationship. Tony is caught with stolen cheese when police wrongly suspect him of a major bank robbery and search his bag. The police inform Tony's manager at the cheese factory, who sacks Tony but declines to press any charges.", "Ch\u00f6re f\u00fcr Doris Ch\u00f6re f\u00fcr Doris (Choruses for Doris), after poems by Paul Verlaine, is a three-movement a cappella choral composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written in 1950 and later given the number 1/11 in the composer's catalogue of works. The score is dedicated to the composer's first wife, Doris Stockhausen, n\u00e9e Andreae. During his third year of music-education studies at the Cologne Conservatory, free stylistic exercises in composition were part of the programme of training. Along with fugues, chorale preludes, sonatas, and song arrangements in various traditional styles, and a scherzo in the style of Paul Hindemith, Stockhausen wrote a number of choral pieces for the school choir in which he himself sang. Amongst them were these three \"Ch\u00f6re nach Verlaine\" (Choruses after Verlaine), later retitled \"Ch\u00f6re f\u00fcr Doris\". The first and third choruses were completed on 3 and 1 August 1950, respectively. The exact date of composition of the second is unknown. Stockhausen, who had not considered himself a composer up to this point, decided shortly after finishing these choruses to attempt something a little more ambitious for the first time, and wrote the \"Drei Lieder\" for alto voice and chamber orchestra (; ; ). All of these student works and a number of later ones remained unpublished until 1971, when Stockhausen rediscovered his early work \"Formel\" for chamber orchestra, and noticed affinities with his then-just-completed \"Mantra\" for two pianos and electronics.", "David Young had also sent a copy of the manifesto to President Ronald Reagan. With permission, teachers brought in books, art supplies and a television to help keep the children occupied. Meanwhile, police and parents gathered out of sight of the school room where hostages were gathered. Doris Young tried numerous times to calm the children by telling them to \"think of it as an adventure movie\", or that they \"would have a great story to tell their grandchildren\". Many children showed signs of distress with sobs, complaining of headaches from the smell of gasoline from the bomb, or simply wanting to go home. One hostage observed a birthday on that day and songs were sung in his honor. The hostage takers took part in the singing. The mood did not lift with the singing and teachers quickly negotiated with the hostage takers to get items from the library to help the kids get their minds off the siege, and help to pass the time. Prayers were offered in small groups among the children. About 2 and 1/2 hours into the standoff, David Young transferred the triggering mechanism of the bomb to Doris' wrist, and went to a small bathroom that connected the first and second grade rooms. While he was gone, Doris Young jerked her hand on the triggering mechanism and the bomb exploded, filling the room with black smoke and severely injuring Doris. Immediately following the detonation, the teachers started to shove children through two open windows onto the grass outside the school, causing chaos as panicked parents tried to break through police lines. Following the explosion, the police report states that David Young opened the door from the connecting bathroom, shot and killed his wife, shot and wounded John Miller, a teacher who was trying to flee, and then closed the door to the small bathroom and killed himself. 76 of the hostages suffered injuries, mostly flash burns and other injuries from the exploding bomb.", "Karlheinz Bux Karlheinz Bux (born 1952 in Ulm, West Germany) is a German artist concentrating on drawing and sculpture works. The central pictorial theme of Karlheinz Bux's artistic practice is the line. Clarity, complexity and emblematic quality define his sculptures and mural reliefs which are made out of steel, bronze and wood. His drawings are executed on transparent materials such as glass and polymer foils, with photographic templates constituting the basis of his glass and foil works, that are altered by superimposition and linear treatment. Thereby, a multi-layered image reality is created, that allows numerous interpretations from the viewer, with the exploration of the peripheral areas of reality being central to his artistic practice. Karlheinz Bux started his artistic career at State Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe (1972\u20131977). Various scholarships brought him to Paris (1986/87 and 1992) and Basel (2004/05). He created art-in-architecture projects among others in the cities of Radolfzell (1995, mural relief, steel 780/110/5 cm) and in Karlsruhe (2005, Lineamento Verticale, steel sculpture, 18m height). At the invitation of Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, he and the artist Michaela K\u00f6lmel produced a room installation dedicated to the topic of light (Multimediale 2, 1991). As visiting professor, Karlheinz Bux taught drawing at the University of Pforzheim (1994\u201395) and principles of design at University of Mainz (2007\u201308). His works can be found in many notable European museums and private collections, among others at Kunsthalle Karlsruhe and the W\u00fcrth Collection.", "George and Doris Hauman George Hauman (1890\u20131961) and Doris Holt Hauman (August 29, 1898 \u2013 1984) were American illustrators of children's books.. They illustrated a popular 1954 edition of \"The Little Engine That Could\". Although there had been many previous editions of this classic story, \"It was the work of George and Doris Hauman that earned \"The Little Engine\" the title of being worthy to sit on the same shelf as \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\". \" Namely, the title was one of 17 that received the inaugural Lewis Carroll Shelf Awards in 1958. Doris Holt was born in West Somerville, Massachusetts, on August 29, 1898. George and Doris were married in 1924, when he lived in a studio apartment directly below hers. He died in 1961 and she died in 1984. Doris and George Hauman lived in Scituate, MA, on Third Cliff overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. The two decided that because they had so many of the same customers, they were going to start working together on projects, using \"Doris and George Hauman\" as the signature on all of their illustrations. Doris wrote the books they created together, and helped George with the illustrations. One of the books they wrote and illustrated, \"Happy Harbor, A Seashore Story\" (New York: Macmillan, 1938), depicts a town much like Scituate. After George's death Doris worked for 14 years at the Derby Academy, where she taught courses in art. Doris went to the Normal Art School located in Boston, Massachusetts. George and Doris had one son."], "answer": {"text": "Together they had four children:", "answer_start": 103}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "answer": {"text": "Doris Andreae", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he married to Doris Andreae ?", "answer": {"text": "On 29 December 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c24aca9b6b034257b59e29306f900d94_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have any other wives ?", "rewrite": "Did Stockhousen have any other wives aside from Doris Andreae ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Drei Lieder (Stockhausen)  Drei Lieder (Three Songs), for alto voice and chamber orchestra, is a song cycle by Karlheinz Stockhausen, written while he was still a conservatory student in 1950. In the composer's catalogue of works, it bears the number /. When the 21-year-old Stockhausen wrote the \"Drei Lieder\" in two weeks during the summer of 1950, he had no ambition to become a composer. On the contrary, he was approaching the end of his studies in music education at the Cologne Conservatory and, after numerous classroom exercises, wanted merely to try his hand at composing something of substantial proportions. The work was originally titled \"Lieder der Abtr\u00fcnnung\" (Songs of a Renegade), and set three poems written by the composer himself: \"Mitten im Leben\" (Midway through Life), \"Frei\", and \"Der Saitenmann\". (It is possible that there were originally five songs, but two were later destroyed.) The score is dedicated to Doris Andreae, who later became the composer's wife . Stockhausen submitted the score to the jury for the Darmst\u00e4dter Ferienkurse, but they rejected it, judging it as \"too old-fashioned\" and the texts as \"too gruesome\". In reaction, Stockhausen decided to replace the text of the first song with a German translation of a poem by Charles Baudelaire. When he successfully auditioned for admission to Frank Martin's composition class at the conservatory, it was the \"Drei Lieder\" that he presented, and he also submitted the score as one of two examination papers in his optional subject, composition (the other was the Sonatine for violin and piano).", "In 1732, the widow and children of the deceased court pharmacist Heinrich Leopold Andreae received a confirmation of their ducal privilege from George II. In 1747, his son Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae, the famous natural scientist, became owner of the pharmacy. He was also a noted philanthropist in Hanover. The botanist Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart worked as an apprentice in the firm under J.G.R. Andreae's ownership, and later named the genus \"Andreaea\" (the type genus of the family \"Andreaeaceae\") for Andreae. The Andreae family were one of the most highly regarded families in Hanover, and J.G.R. Andreae in particular was one of the city's major benefactors. Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae had no children of his own, but he had one sister, Sophie Elisabeth Andreae (1730\u20131764), who was married to the banker turned theatre director Abel Seyler. Following her death, her husband Abel Seyler gave up his paternal rights to their three children to his brother-in-law Andreae, who raised them as his own. They were Abel Jacob Gerhard Seyler (1756\u20131805), who became a court pharmacist and a member of the Illuminati, Ludwig Erdwin Seyler (1758\u20131836), who became a prominent banker and co-owner of Berenberg Bank, and Sophie Seyler (1762\u20131833), who married the poet Johann Anton Leisewitz. After Andreae's death in 1793, the Seyler siblings inherited the pharmacy, and employed Philipp Friedrich David Murray (1770\u20131828) as its administrator. In 1803, Abel Jacob Gerhard Seyler sold the pharmacy to Johann Ludewig Wilhelm Gruner, with a ducal privilege from George III.", "Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae Johann Gerhard Reinhard Andreae (born ca. 17 December 1724 in Hanover, died 1 May 1793 in Hanover), often known as J.G.R. Andreae or I.G.R. Andreae, was a Hanoverian natural scientist, chemist, geologist, court pharmacist (\"Hofapotheker\") and alchemist in the Age of Enlightenment. Internationally noted as a polymath, he was known throughout Europe particularly for his extensive natural history collections and for his pioneering and influential scientific work on soil and their uses for modern agriculture. He was a friend of many of the great scientists of the day, such as Benjamin Franklin, Pieter van Musschenbroek and George Shaw. The genus Andreaea, the type genus of the family Andreaeaceae of mosses, was named in his honour by his friend, the botanist Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart. Andreae was also noted as one of the major benefactors in Hanover in his lifetime. He was the son and one of two children of the wealthy court pharmacist Leopold Andreae (1686\u20131730), owner of the Andreae Pharmacy (Andreae & Co.) in Hanover, and Katharina Elisabeth Rosenhagen (died 1752). His grandfather was the pharmacist Ernst Leopold Andreae (born ca. 1640). The Andreae pharmacy had been founded in 1639 with a ducal privilege from Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg and taken over by his great-grandfather Johann Andreae in 1645. It quickly came to serve the ducal court and became the official court pharmacy. His father died early and he was raised by his mother, \"a very active, intelligent and righteous woman,\" who arranged for him to receive an extraordinarily good education for his era.", "Andreae &amp; Co.  Andreae & Co. (informally the \"Andreasche Apotheke\" or Andreae Pharmacy) was the first court pharmacy in Hanover and was owned by members of the Andreae family from 1645 to 1803. It was founded in 1639 on Klappenburg by Dr. Joachim J\u00e4ger with a ducal privilege from Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg. The pharmacy quickly came to serve the ducal court and became the official court pharmacy. As J\u00e4ger became canonicus at Braunschweig, he sold the pharmacy to Johann Andreae in 1645 with permission from the Duke. In 1657, the pharmacy was taken over by Ernst Andreas Hornbostel, who was married to Andreae's widow. Eleven years later, it was moved to a square near the ducal palace and Hornbostel was officially appointed court pharmacist. In 1679, Hornbostel died and his stepson, Ernst Leopold Andreae (born ca. 1640), succeeded him as court pharmacist. He is mentioned in 1673 as the \"court pharmacist of the Dowager Princess\", i.e. Elisabeth Sophie of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg. In 1668, the Prince-Bishop of Osnabr\u00fcck, the later Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg, had appointed Christian J\u00e4ger as his court pharmacist in Iburg and Osnabr\u00fcck. When Ernest Augustus relocated to Hanover in 1680, J\u00e4ger moved his pharmacy as well and demanded the status of court pharmacist and that the Andreae Pharmacy be closed because he claimed to be the \"true court pharmacist. \" This led to over 20 years of legal wrangling between J\u00e4ger and Johann Andreae's children, which ended with a settlement.", "Edith Andreae Edith Andreae, born Rathenau (18 January 1883\u20131952) was a German saloni\u00e8re. She was literary executor and editor of the works of her brother Walther Rathenau. Edith Rathenau was born in 1883 in Berlin, only daughter of German-Jewish industrialist Emil Rathenau and his wife Mathilde Rathenau (born Nachmann), who belonged to the family of the rabbi Moses ben Nachmann - a mystic of the 12th century. She was the younger sister of the politician Walther Rathenau and the industrialist Erich Rathenau. On 10 February 1902, she married the banker Fritz Andreae, the son of the saloni\u00e8re Bertha von Arnswaldt and Karl Louis Andreae (1839\u20131878), who belonged to the family of Johann Valentin Andreae and Jakob Andreae. In her youth Edith Andreae was a friend of Katia Mann. In 1913 the family moved into the Villa Andreae in Grunewald. Edith Andreae there showed an \"ambitious high degree of sociability\". She was known as \"the most intellectual woman in Berlin\", and she supported Max Reinhardt and numerous intellectuals of her time, including Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Gerhart Hauptmann, Ursula Herking and Thomas Mann. Even politicians as Friedrich Ebert were guests in her house. After the death of her brother Walther Rathenau she was the owner of Castle Freienwalde. The castle became a memorial for Rathenau as a part of the Walther-Rathenau-Foundation, which was dissolved in 1939. During the Nazi era the family had to give up the house in the Grunewald in 1938 and emigrated to Switzerland in 1939. The family settled in Zurich. There Fritz Andreae died in 1950 and Edith Andreae two years later in 1952."], "answer": {"text": "he married Mary Bauermeister,", "answer_start": 329}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "answer": {"text": "Doris Andreae", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he married to Doris Andreae ?", "answer": {"text": "On 29 December 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many children did they have together ?", "answer": {"text": "Together they had four children:", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c24aca9b6b034257b59e29306f900d94_1_q#4", "question": "When did he marry Mary Bauermeister ?", "rewrite": "When did Stockhausen marry Mary Bauermeister ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Momente  Momente (Moments) is a work by the German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, written between 1962 and 1969, scored for solo soprano, four mixed choirs, and thirteen instrumentalists (four trumpets, four trombones, three percussionists, and two electric keyboards). A \"cantata with radiophonic and theatrical overtones\" , it is described by the composer as \"practically an opera of Mother Earth surrounded by her chicks\" . It was Stockhausen's first piece composed on principles of modular transposability, and his first musical form to be determined from categories of sensation or perception rather than by numerical units of musical terminology, which marks a significant change in the composer's musical approach from the abstract forms of the 1950s . Stockhausen began work on \"Momente\" in January 1962, with a performance planned for the following May. He had been invited by Baron Francesco Agnello to withdraw for the period of composition of the work to his palazzo in Siculiana on the south coast of Sicily. Agnello was an ardent supporter of modern music, and directed the Settimane Internazionali di Nuova Musica di Palermo. The plan was that Stockhausen would go to Sicily first, and Mary Bauermeister would follow a week later, to work on paintings for an exhibition planned for Amsterdam in June. Stockhausen's wife Doris would join them in March, leaving their children in someone's care in Cologne. The palazzo was freezing cold, as it was really intended only as a summer residence, and for three months both Stockhausen and Bauermeister \"worked like crazy\" on their respective projects, retreating to a small, easily heated room, furnished with a piano and two tables . Shortly before Doris was to have come to Siculiana a telegram arrived, saying she had been taken seriously ill and required surgery.", "Plus-Minus (Stockhausen) Plus-Minus, 2 \u00d7 7 pages for realisation, is a composition for one or several performers by Karlheinz Stockhausen, first written in 1963 and redrafted in 1974. It is Nr. 14 in the composer's catalogue of works, and has a variable performing length that depends on the version worked out from the given materials. The score is dedicated to Mary Bauermeister. \"Plus-Minus\" is a \"polyvalent process composition\" , designed as a project for the composition students attending the first Cologne Courses for New Music, held at the in October to December 1963. In it, various compositional premises of Stockhausen's are presented in such a way as to enable the most radically different concrete results . \"Plus-Minus\" was composed in September 1963 while Stockhausen was in Siculiana, preparing for what proved to be an aborted performance of \"Momente\" at the Palermo Festival (; : In 1963 I spent a couple of weeks in Sicily by the seashore, and as I couldn't take a lot of paper with me I tried to hide in the shadow of a rock and think clearly about a new piece, and \"Plus-Minus\" is what emerged. (I'd discussed all the possible transformations of the seven 'musical types' that occur in the score with Mary [Bauermeister], and we drew them in the sand together. The piece represents an extreme instance of the new, open type of composition Stockhausen was developing at the time, and evolved from a number of conversations with Mary Bauermeister in Siculiana and Palermo (; ). Stockhausen's intention was to enable a music that reproduces itself, within a strict framework.", "The \"silence\" scene, in which the events on stage and the music stop for just one minute, and then everything resumes again, was inspired by the \"unearthly\" effect of the northerly summer light, which remained in the sky for just two hours or so during which the sun briefly dipped below the horizon, then rose again, \"as the birds began to twitter, the fish stirred again, the wind came up, and there was day\" (; ). Performances of \"Originale\" subsequent to the twelve first performances in Cologne between 26 October and 6 November 1962 have been rare. Productions took place in New York in September 1964, organized jointly by Mary Bauermeister and Charlotte Moorman , in 1990 in San Francisco directed and organized by Randall Packer (; ), and on 21 January 2007 in connection with a 2006\u20132007 exhibition of Mary Bauermeister's tetralogy \"Fama Fluxus\"\u2014\"Mythos Beuys\"\u2014\"Legende Paik\"\u2014\"Atelier Mary Bauermeister\" in Sindelfingen . The New York performances took place at Judson Hall as part of the second annual New York Festival of the Avant-Garde, during the early performative period of the avant-garde movement Fluxus. Outside the concert hall on the opening night, 8 September 1964, several New York artists calling themselves Action Against Cultural Imperialism, including Fluxus founder George Maciunas, Concept Art creator Henry Flynt, poet, journalist, and activist Marc Schleifer, violinist and filmmaker Tony Conrad, and actor/poet Alan Marlowe protested against Stockhausen as a \"cultural imperialist\" because of some reportedly disparaging remarks about jazz and folk music he was supposed to have made at Harvard in 1958 (; ; ; ).", "Mary Bauermeister Mary Hilde Ruth Bauermeister (born 7 September 1934) is a German artist who works in sculpture, drawing, installation, performance, and music. Influenced by Fluxus artists and Nouveau R\u00e9alisme, her work addresses esoteric issues of how information is transferable through society. \"I only followed an inner drive to express what was not yet there, in reality or thought,\" she said of her practice. \" To make art was more a finding, searching process than a knowing.\" Since the 1970s, the artist's work has concentrated on the themes surrounding New Age spirituality, specifically geomancy, the divine interpretation of lines on the ground. Mary Bauermeister was born in Frankfurt am Main to Wolf Bauermeister, a professor of genetics and anthropology, and Laura Bauermeister, a singer. Mary Bauermeister was artistically influenced in secondary school (1946\u201354) by her drawing teacher, G\u00fcnter Ott. She studied in 1954\u201355 at the Hochschule f\u00fcr Gestaltung in Ulm and in 1955\u201356 at the Staatlichen Schule f\u00fcr Kunst und Handwerk in Saarbr\u00fccken. She has been active since 1957 as a freelance artist in Cologne. In 1960, in her studio at Lintgasse 28 in Cologne, she launched a series of gatherings of members of the evolving global artistic movement Fluxus. At her invitation, avant-garde poets, composers and visual artists such as Hans G Helms, David Tudor, John Cage, Christo, Wolf Vostell, George Brecht, and Nam June Paik organised unconventional concerts of the \"newest music\", readings, exhibits, and actions. These activities have been described as \"comparatively non-hierarchical exchanges of information across national, disciplinary and age boundaries\", contributing in that way to the character of the Fluxus movement which had been developing during the 1950s.", "In 1961, she took part in Karlheinz Stockhausen's composition course at the Internationalen Ferienkursen f\u00fcr Neue Musik in Darmstadt. Later that same year she collaborated with Stockhausen in a theatre piece titled \"Originale\" (Originals), which was given twelve performances at the Theater am Dom, Cologne, from 26 October to 6 November 1961. Amongst the performers were Bauermeister herself (as The Painter), Nam June Paik (Actions), David Tudor (Piano and Percussion), and Hans G. Helms (The Poet). In 1962 she had her first solo exhibition at the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam with a simultaneous day-long performance of electronic music under Stockhausen's direction. On 3 April 1967, in San Francisco, she married Stockhausen, with whom she had two children: Julika (born 22 January 1966) and Simon (born 5 June 1967). They were divorced in 1972. She has two younger daughters, Sophie (born July 1972, father David Johnson) and Esther (born 1974, father Josef Halevi). Drawn by the vitality of the Pop Art movement, in October 1962 Bauermeister relocated to New York City. In the artistic circles of Pop Art, Nouveau R\u00e9alisme and Fluxus, she maintained friendships with Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Niki de Saint Phalle and Jean Tinguely. In New York Bauermeister enjoyed considerable artistic success. Since 1964 she has exhibited regularly at the Galeria Bonino on 57th Street. In the 1970s, Mary Bauermeister returned to Germany and began to occupy herself with marginal sciences, for example Geomancy, the science of energy structures in the earth. She used the knowledge she garnered from these studies for the planning of gardens, which she implemented for public and private clients throughout the world. The artist now lives in R\u00f6srath near Cologne."], "answer": {"text": "On 3 April 1967,", "answer_start": 294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "answer": {"text": "Doris Andreae", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he married to Doris Andreae ?", "answer": {"text": "On 29 December 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many children did they have together ?", "answer": {"text": "Together they had four children:", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other wives ?", "answer": {"text": "he married Mary Bauermeister,", "answer_start": 329, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c24aca9b6b034257b59e29306f900d94_1_q#5", "question": "How many kids did they have together ?", "rewrite": "How many kids did Karlheinz and Mary have together ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It Takes Two (1995 film) It Takes Two is a 1995 American film starring Kirstie Alley, Steve Guttenberg and Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. Its title is taken from the song of the same name, by Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston, which is played in the closing credits. Two unrelated young girls who happen to look identical meet by chance. Amanda Lemmon is an orphan, and she is about to be adopted by the Butkises, a family known to \"collect\" kids. She actually wants her child-loving social worker, Diane Barrows, to adopt her instead. Diane would like to do so, but authorities will not let her because of her low salary and unmarried status. Alyssa Callaway is coming home from her school piano recital competition, only to find that her wealthy father, Roger, is about to marry Clarice Kensington, an overbearing self-centered gold-digger socialite who plans to send Alyssa off to boarding school in Tibet after marrying Roger. The identical strangers long for the other's life and decide to switch places. While Amanda enjoys Alyssa's wealthy lifestyle and Alyssa gets to experience being a kid at summer camp, the two get to know the other's parental figure and discover that Roger and Diane would be perfect for each other. Desperate to set them up, the girls arrange many \"chance\" meetings between Diane and Roger, hoping that they fall in love. Upon having spied Roger and Diane laughing and swimming together in a lake one afternoon, Clarice manipulates Roger into moving the wedding up from the next month to the next day. Soon after, Alyssa, while posing as Amanda, ends up being adopted by the Butkises without Diane's knowledge, and is taken away by child services. Alyssa discovers the only reason the Butkises had adopted so many kids was to put them to work in their salvage yard.", "\"My idea was that I would ask ordinary people like me, to help, one goat at a time! If governments and INGOs couldn't do it\u2014we would!\" Kids for Kids supports grass roots projects that communities identify as the most effective way of enabling them to help themselves. \"We don't believe in charity\" said Parker \"our aim is to empower women to take charge of their own lives, long term\". First priority is water and for the first time in a long while the Water Environment and Sanitation Department in North Darfur is in a position to drill as many hand pumps as Kids for Kids has money for. \" A hand pump can be named after a donor\" says Parker. Many Kids for Kids pumps are treasured as a living memorial for someone who has died, or to celebrate something special. In some areas, where hand pumps prove that there is plentiful water, they can be converted to submersible solar powered pumps which will help many people. Kids for Kids also trains midwives because there is no health care in villages. When there is obstructed labour, a common complication in a region where FGM (female genital mutilation) is widespread, rope delivery is the only form of help. The charity trains first aid workers who treat simple wounds, teach hygiene and even build latrines and provides veterinary care to all the animals in each village. Additionally, Kids for Kids trains people in farming techniques and water harvesting, provides donkeys\u2014the only transport in a region where there are no roads\u2014donkey ploughs, carts and water carts, farm tools and seeds, blankets, mosquito nets and other household essentials\u2014and, most importantly, the provides and repairs hand pumps. Long term improvement of the environment, the planting of trees, is another priority, and forms another source of income for families.", "However, the game did feature an elaborate time system that calculated the time of arrival in each country given the flight time and the number of time zones crossed. Traveling to the correct locations is represented by comedic acts of Carmen's pet cat, Carmine, or two bumbling janitors that were assigned to clean up after the crooks. The user is not given dossiers describing the members of V.I.L.E., but all the clues given about the suspect are physical traits, enabling the user to identify the crook on sight. This means that the user will have to compile a full warrant rather than one of just enough traits to distinguish which crook is responsible. In the final destination, the crook is seen walking around the location with several innocent bystanders, meaning the user will have to use the warrant to identify which person is the criminal. A review of the game by Peter Oliver for Kids Domain concluded by saying: \"WWCS is computer gaming at its best. It has great graphics, it's splendidly presented, the sound and music are wonderful, and, most importantly, it's simply a lot of fun to play. The subject matter may be a few years beyond our 4-year-old's level, but he enjoys simply watching and listening to the game. Meanwhile, Mom and Dad have a lot of fun playing the game together after the kids are in bed. We're learning more about geography than we ever did in our school years, and even when its well past any reasonable bed time for parents of young kids, Mom and Dad are saying, 'Just one more.' Now how many kids' computer games can you say that about?\" Lisa Karen Savignano of Allgame said \"Where in the USA is Carmen Sandiego represents a huge leap forward in the Carmen Sandiego series.", "Karlheinz Bux Karlheinz Bux (born 1952 in Ulm, West Germany) is a German artist concentrating on drawing and sculpture works. The central pictorial theme of Karlheinz Bux's artistic practice is the line. Clarity, complexity and emblematic quality define his sculptures and mural reliefs which are made out of steel, bronze and wood. His drawings are executed on transparent materials such as glass and polymer foils, with photographic templates constituting the basis of his glass and foil works, that are altered by superimposition and linear treatment. Thereby, a multi-layered image reality is created, that allows numerous interpretations from the viewer, with the exploration of the peripheral areas of reality being central to his artistic practice. Karlheinz Bux started his artistic career at State Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe (1972\u20131977). Various scholarships brought him to Paris (1986/87 and 1992) and Basel (2004/05). He created art-in-architecture projects among others in the cities of Radolfzell (1995, mural relief, steel 780/110/5 cm) and in Karlsruhe (2005, Lineamento Verticale, steel sculpture, 18m height). At the invitation of Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, he and the artist Michaela K\u00f6lmel produced a room installation dedicated to the topic of light (Multimediale 2, 1991). As visiting professor, Karlheinz Bux taught drawing at the University of Pforzheim (1994\u201395) and principles of design at University of Mainz (2007\u201308). His works can be found in many notable European museums and private collections, among others at Kunsthalle Karlsruhe and the W\u00fcrth Collection.", "Super Singer Junior Super Singer Junior \u2013 \"Thamizhagathin Chellakuralukkana Thedal (the search for the sweet voice of Tamil Nadu)\" \u2013 is a reality TV show hosted by Vijay TV, a popular Tamil channel of the Star Network, and sponsored by Bharti Airtel. It is a singing talent hunt for the children of age group 6\u201314. This is the junior version of the Airtel Super Singer show, which premiered in 2006. Auditions are held in various parts of Tamil Nadu, India. The show attracts many kids from all over the state and rigorous multi-level selection procedures are done in order to select the contestants for the competition. The first season of the show premiered in 2007 and was hosted by Chinmayi. Of the many kids who auditioned for the show, 25 were selected to go on to the stage show, which consisted of a variety of interesting rounds. The judges at the studio were K. S. Chithra and Usha Uthup. Krishnamoorthy emerged the winner after a hard-fought finals with an equally brilliant Vignesh, who had an amazing flavor for folk. The other finalists were Saicharan and Aparna (who won against \"Madhumitha Shankar\" in the wild card round) who also gave a very tough competition. After the show's conclusion, finalist Saicharan and semi-finalist Madhumitha Shankar went onto compete in seasons 3 and 4 of the senior version of the show. Saicharan was subsequently crowned winner of season 3 of Airtel Super Singer and chosen by music directors A. R. Rahman and D. Imman to sing in the films \"Godfather\", \"Manam Kothi Paravai\", and \"Saattai\"."], "answer": {"text": "with whom he had two children:", "answer_start": 359}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "answer": {"text": "Doris Andreae", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he married to Doris Andreae ?", "answer": {"text": "On 29 December 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many children did they have together ?", "answer": {"text": "Together they had four children:", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other wives ?", "answer": {"text": "he married Mary Bauermeister,", "answer_start": 329, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he marry Mary Bauermeister ?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 April 1967,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c24aca9b6b034257b59e29306f900d94_1_q#6", "question": "Can you name any of his children ?", "rewrite": "Can you name any of Stockhousen's children ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Denis Gavini  Denis Gavini (8 October 1820, Campile, Haute-Corse - 2 March 1916) was a French Bonapartist politician. He was a member of the National Legislative Assembly from 1849 to 1851, of the National Assembly from 1871 to 1876 and of the Chamber of Deputies from 1876 to 1885. He sat with the Appel au peuple parliamentary group.", "Gavini  Gavini may refer to:", "In 2006 his comeback album \"Mulovha namusi na matshelo\", included hit songs \"ndo takala hani and zwa mutani wavho\" which remain popular with Venda and Pedi's. He grew up in a family of music. His father Christopher Mukwevho, then leader of the popular band Thrilling Artist, used to feature him at young age. Rudzani Shurflus Ragimana of shurflus was well known for 'muthu wanga a thi mulitshi, shango lo vhifha muvhilini known for venda reggae music together with Khakhathi and friends Tshganzha, Ntshenge. Reggae music is well played by a lot of artists for tshivenda. Others performers include: Makhadzi Fizzy, Prifix, Bhamba, Komrade Li, SubZro, TAKZIT, Humbulani Ramagwedzha, Jahman Chiganja, Khakhathi and Friends, Maduvha Madima, Takalani Mudau, Rapson Mbilummbi Rambuwani, TMan Gavini,Clean-G, Mizo Phyll, Killah Gee, Jininka, Paul Mulaudzi, Malondo Ramulongo, Burning Doctor, Just ice, Lufuno Dagada and Tshidino Ndou. Another singer making a name for himself in the South African music market is Tshidino Ndou, a reggae artist who is also owner of Vhadino Entertainment music company. Tshidino was born and bred in Tshakhuma, a rural village in South Africa in the Limpopo Province. So far he has two albums, \"Ndi do fa na inwi\" (2009)", "Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge is a wildlife refuge located about south of Muleshoe, Texas on Texas State Highway 214. It is the oldest National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. state of Texas, having been established as the Muleshoe Migratory Waterfowl Refuge by executive order of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. Roosevelt issued a proclamation in 1940 changing the name to the Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge. In 1980, Muleshoe National Wildlife Refuge was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service. The refuge is a stop for migratory waterfowl flying between Canada and Mexico. The refuge includes several intermittent salt lakes, some of which have been modified to extend their wet periods. Paul's Lake, on the east side of Highway 214, is spring fed, and hosts wildlife during times when the other lakes are dry. If sufficient water is present during the winter, the refuge hosts tens of thousands of sandhill cranes. The largest number of cranes ever recorded was 250,000, during February, 1981. Other wildlife includes wood warblers, meadowlarks, raptors, burrowing owls, blacktailed prairie dogs, jackrabbits, cottontail rabbits, coyotes, black footed ferrets, spotted chorus frogs, and badgers. The prairie ecosystem includes plant life such as wildflowers, grasses, yucca, cacti, and mesquite. Rangeland management techniques include controlled burning and grazing. Northeast of White Lake is a small area of white gypsum dunes, similar to those found at White Sands National Monument in New Mexico, though these are much less expansive.", "Gammarana Gammarana is a neighborhood in the city of Teramo in Italy's Abruzzo region. It is located near the local railway station. In the 1960s a number of apartment buildings were constructed in the area and in doing its character changed in nature from industrial to residential. Up until World War II Gammarana hosted a small airport. During the war many small military aircraft used the airport to ferry supplies and war materials in and out of Teramo. One street, Via dell'aeroporto (Airport Road), still bears the name of this transportation link. The airport has long been razed to make way for the residential building boom which followed the Allied victories. In the late 1950s and early 1960s several medium industrial enterprises were established in Gammarana. Included among these are Villeroy & Boch (a ceramics company which has since closed in the area and whose partially renovated factory is now a small concert hall), a candy factory ( Confettificio Arcangeli, also closed and now a communications center for the Tercas S.p.A. newsgroup), and another candy manufacturer (Aquila d'Oro, whose factory was later transformed into \"Campo del re\" and today is the headquarters for the television show \"Teleponte\"). Previously located in the area was the recently demolished \"Adone\" factory (a small steel producer specializing in the manufacture of railroad tracks). This site awaits future development, so important for jobs and tax revenues to citizens of Teramo. In the year 2007 the old Gavini factory (a bottling company) is due to reopen as the \"Citt\u00e0 della Scienza\" (\"City of Science\") educational and research center. In future years a physics and astrophysics museum named \"Galileium\" will be colocated in this building."], "answer": {"text": "Julika (b. 22 January 1966) and Simon (b. 1967) (", "answer_start": 390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of Karlheinz Stockhausen's wife ?", "answer": {"text": "Doris Andreae", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was he married to Doris Andreae ?", "answer": {"text": "On 29 December 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many children did they have together ?", "answer": {"text": "Together they had four children:", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other wives ?", "answer": {"text": "he married Mary Bauermeister,", "answer_start": 329, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he marry Mary Bauermeister ?", "answer": {"text": "On 3 April 1967,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many kids did they have together ?", "answer": {"text": "with whom he had two children:", "answer_start": 359, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#0", "question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "rewrite": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Year of Sorrow In the Islamic tradition, the Year of Sorrow (, also translated Year of Sadness) is the Hijri year in which Muhammad's wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib died. The year approximately coincided with 619 CE or the tenth year after Muhammad's first revelation. After the death of Abu Talib, Muhammad became vulnerable due to the loss of clan protection granted by Abu Talib (who was also the chief of Banu Hashim). He began to be the target of physical attacks by his Meccan opponents. He visited Ta'if to look for help and invite the inhabitants to Islam, but was rejected. On the way back to Mecca, he petitioned several prominent Meccans to ask for protection. Chief Mut'im ibn ' Adi, from the Banu Nawfal clan, acceded to his request, escorted Muhammad into the city and announced the clan's protection of Muhammad. Khadija, Muhammad's first and only wife for the 25 years up to her death, died in 619 CE when she was about 65 years old. Muhammad was almost 50 at this time, and the death happened not long after the end of the boycott against Muhammad's clan. The boycott prohibited, among other things, trade with Muhammad's family. The food shortage that it caused probably contributed towards Khadija's death. Muhammad's uncle Abu Talib was the chief of Muhammad's clan, Banu Hashim, in whose household Muhammad (who was an orphan) had lived since the death of his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib. As the clan chief, he granted protection to Muhammad, even as Muhammad gained enmity from some in the Quraish tribe due to his call to Islam.", "Muhammad Haidar Mirza (I) Dughlat Muhammad Haidar Mirza was the Dughlat amir of Kashgar from c. 1465 until 1480. He was the grandfather and namesake of the historian Muhammad Haidar Mirza (1499/1500-1551). Muhammad Haidar Mirza was the son of Amir Sayyid Ali and Urun Sultan Khanim, the aunt of the Moghul Yunus Khan. When his father died in 1457\u201358 his elder brother Saniz Mirza succeeded him as ruler of the territory between Kashgar and Yarkand. Keeping Yarkand for himself, Saniz Mirza gave Kashgar and Yangi Hisar to Muhammad Haidar and his mother. When the Moghul khan Esen Buqa died in 1462, the succession was disputed between his brother Yunus Khan and his son Dost Muhammad. The Dughlat amirs were similarly split over whom to recognize as their suzerain. Muhammad Haidar favored Dost Muhammad, but Saniz Mirza supported Yunus Khan. As a result, relations between the two brothers grew hostile, and Muhammad Haidar was compelled to flee Kashgar for Aksu, where Dost Muhammad resided. Saniz Mirza then took over Kashgar. Saniz Mirza ruled Kashgar until his death in 1464\u201365. Now the senior member of the Dughlat family, Muhammad Haidar was reinstalled in Kashgar. Shortly afterwards Dost Muhammad arrived in Kashgar and plundered the town; this act enraged Muhammad Haidar and caused him to defect to the side of Yunus Khan. Thereafter Muhammad Haidar and Yunus Khan were on generally good terms with one another. During Muhammad Haidar's reign in Kashgar, his brother Saniz Mirza's son Mirza Aba Bakr arrived in the town.", "Among Sunni sources, Abu Bakr's succession is justified by narrations of Muhammad displaying the regard with which he held the former. The most notable of these incidents occurred towards the end of Muhammad's life. Too ill to lead prayers as he usually would, Muhammad had instructed that Abu Bakr instead take his place, ignoring concerns that he was too emotionally delicate for the role. Abu Bakr subsequently took up the position, and when Muhammad entered the prayer hall one morning during Fajr prayers, Abu Bakr attempted to step back to let him to take up his normal place and lead. Muhammad however, allowed him to continue. Other incidents similarly used by Sunnis were Abu Bakr serving as Muhammad's vizier during his time in Medina, as well as him being appointed the first of his companions to lead the Hajj pilgrimage. However, several other companions had held similar positions of authority and trust, including the leading of prayers. Such honours may therefore not hold much importance in matters of succession. Shortly before his death, Muhammad asked for writing materials so as to issue a statement that would prevent the Muslim nation from \"going astray forever\". However, those in the room began to quarrel about whether to obey this request, with concerns being raised that Muhammad may be suffering from delirium. When the argument grew heated, Muhammad ordered the group to leave and subsequently chose not to write anything. Many details regarding the event are disputed, including the nature of Muhammad's planned statement. Though what he had intended to write is unknown, later theologians and writers have offered their own suggestions, with many believing that he had wished to establish his succession.", "Muhammad Anwar, Plastic Surgery, Rahim Yar Khan  115. Muhammad Asghar Khan, Cardiology, Peshawar  116. Muhammad Ashraf Sharif, Histopathology, Islamabad  117. Muhammad Ayub, Physiology, Abbotabad  118. Muhammad Bilal Mirza, Pediatric Surgery Faisalabad  119. Muhammad Fahim, Cardiology, Peshawar  120. Muhammad Hasnain Raza Haider, General/ Oncoplastic &Reconstructive Breast Surgery, UK  121. Muhammad Irfan, Cardiology, Peshawar  122. Muhammad Irfan, Psychiatry, Peshawar  123. Muhammad Mushtaq, Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, Peshawar  124. Muhammad Nadeem, Neurosurgery, Islamabad  125. Muhammad Nawaz Anjum, Radiology, Lahore. 126. Muhammad Salim, Orthopedic surgery, Sialkot  127. Muhammad Sameer Qureshi, Biochemistry, Karachi  128. Muhammad Tahir Khan, Haematology, Peshawar  129. Muhammad Tariq Khan, Ophthalmology, Peshawar  130. Muhammad Yaqub Kazi, Pediatrics, Lahore. 131. Muhammad Younas, ENT, Abbotabad  132. Muhammad Zahir Shah, Community Medicine, Abbotabad  133. Muhammad Zarin Surgery, Peshawar  134. Muhammad Javed, Paediatrics, Karachi  135. Mukhtiar Baig, Biochemistry, Saudi Arabia  136. Mumtaz Khan, Surgery, Peshawar  137. Munir Akmal Lodhi, Paediatrics, Rawalpindi  138. Musarrat Jabeen, Gynae/Obs, Kohat  139. Muslim Khan, Maxillofacial surgery/Dentistry, Peshawar  140. Nadeem Akhtar, Pediatric Surgery, Islamabad  141. Naeema Utman, Gynae/Obs, Peshawar  142. Najamuddin, Oncology, Lahore  143.", "Muhammad bin Jabr Al Thani Muhammad bin Jabr bin Muhammed Al Thani (1916 \u2013 May 1983) was a member of the Qatari royal family. He was the son of Jabr bin Muhammed Al Thani and the grandson of Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani, the second Emir of Qatar. Muhammad al Thani was Minister of Municipal Affairs from 1972 to 1983 under Emir Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, the grandson of his cousin. He died in May 1983. Jabr bin Muhammad, Married, Eleven Sons Hamad bin Muhammad, Married, Five Sons Abdallah bin Muhammad, Married, Four Sons Abdurahman bin Muhammad, Married, Three Sons Abdulaziz bin Muhammad, Married, Three Sons Nasser bin Muhammad, Married, Four Sons Ahmed bin Muhammad Fahad bin Muhammad, Married, Six Sons Mansour bin Muhammad, Married, Three Sons Hasan bin Muhammad, Married, Two Sons Faysal bin Muhammad, Married, Four Sons Khalid bin Muhammad, Married, Three Sons Talal bin Muhammad, Married, Three Sons Thamir bin Muhammad, Married, Two Sons Nawaf bin Muhammad, Married, Three Sons"], "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#1", "question": "What was usamas army doing?", "rewrite": "What was usamas army doing before Muhammad's death?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The largest creditor was Boeing, which was owed NOK 7 million. The creditors and shareholders lost all of their investments in the company because the airline's limited assets were used to pay outstanding wages. Tj\u00f8ntveit stated on 8 September that he intended to sue Boeing for damages from the seizure of the aircraft, but by October no writ of summons had been received by the manufacturer. A police investigation was initiated in October 1971 to uncover any criminal action taken by the company. Tj\u00f8ntveit announced in December 1971 that he had established a new airline\u2014Norwegian Overseas Airways (NOA)\u2014which intended to operate freight routes using the Lockheed L-100 Hercules. The police investigation quickly established that there were shortcomings in Trans Polar's bookkeeping and that there were several violations of aviation regulations. However, they police had difficulty establishing who was responsible in the company. As Tj\u00f8ntveit was no longer a Norwegian citizen, he was prohibited from holding management and board positions in the airline. Still, it was obvious that he had been calling the shots. Because NOA could not obtain Scandinavian operating permits, it moved its operations to Bangladesh\u2014hindering the police from interviewing Tj\u00f8ntveit and other central managers in Trans Polar who had joined the new airline. The police also stated that the investigation took too long because they had too few investigators with expertise in financial crime. The long investigation time span was causing problems for the prosecutors as an increasing number of the counts were meeting their statutes of limitations. The police announced in September 1973 that they were working on indictments towards Tj\u00f8ntveit and two of the creditors who placed their representatives on the board after the company was insolvent. The police investigation was concluded in May 1975.", "2000s: In 2001, Toronto Hydro began powering 100 vehicles with low-sulphur diesel and soy-based biodiesel fuel. In December 2002, Toronto Hydro built a 65-metre tall wind turbine at Exhibition Place in partnership with the Toronto Renewable Energy Co-operative (TREC). Toronto Hydro launched its first smart meter projects in 2005 to approximately 500 customers, and, in 2010, started transitioning customers to Time-of-Use rates to help them better manage their electricity bills. 2010s: In 2011, Toronto Hydro launched various social media channels, which has given its customers the ability to interact with the organization in a variety of convenient ways. In 2013, Toronto Hydro started construction on the new Clare R. Copeland Transformer Station, the first underground station in downtown Toronto. In 2015, Toronto Hydro unveiled Hydrostor, the world's first underwater compressed air energy storage system, located three kilometres off Toronto Island. This \u201cunderwater battery\u201d stores electricity when demand is low and can be released when the grid needs a boost. In 2016, Toronto Hydro installed the world's first pole-top energy storage unit. The unit's lithium-ion batteries charge during off-peak hours and then discharge energy to Toronto Hydro's grid during peak hours. In 2017, Toronto Hydro launched \"PowerLens\"\u00ae, an online platform allowing customers to view how their homes use electricity so that they can take steps towards conservation and saving. The Ontario Energy Board approved Toronto Hydro's 2015-2019 rates application. Over this five-year period, Toronto Hydro has secured more than $2 billion in capital funding that it will use to meet the growing demand for electricity, to safeguard against extreme weather events and upgrade aging infrastructure. Toronto Hydro has been recognized with the following awards:", "By then, the statutes of limitations for the accounting issues had passed, and the police focused on the more serious charge of debt manipulation. Tj\u00f8ntveit and two board members were indicted in 1976. The managing committee for the winding-up released its report in November 1977; the report concluded that although the company's books showed assets of NOK 8.6 million, in reality it only had fifty Norwegian krone. The committee further criticized the company for having too low a share capital, lack of qualified management and insufficient competence in operation and management of large aircraft. The indictment against the two board members was dropped in 1977, and only a single issue, regarding the disappearance of NOK 1.8 million from the books though a cheque swindle, was retained against Tj\u00f8ntveit. The long waiting time caused \"Verdens Gang\" to describe the case as a \"justice scandal.\" The court case started at Oslo District Court on 13 November 1978. Only two of the seven counts were related to Trans Polar; the others regarded other business transaction undertaken by Tj\u00f8ntveit, such as selling aircraft he did not own. During the court proceedings, the prosecutor withdrew all counts related to Trans Polar. Tj\u00f8ntveit was acquitted on 30 November, but the court stated that the police had good reason to investigate the airline and had understanding of the long time frame, pointing to the fact that there were practically no accounts and difficulties interviewing the involved parties. The court also took into consideration that Tj\u00f8ntveit was an aviator and had no education in management. Tj\u00f8ntveit followed up by suing the state for NOK 2.8 million in damages, but the case was dismissed by Oslo District Court in September 1979.", "Toronto Hydro Toronto Hydro is an electric utility that operates the electricity distribution system for the city of Toronto. As of 2018, it serves approximately 772,000 customers and delivers approximately 19% of the electricity consumed in Ontario. Toronto Hydro has been serving the city of Toronto for over a century. 1910s : Electricity first came to Toronto in the late 1880s. A number of private companies were formed to meet demand. In 1908, Torontonians voted overwhelmingly for the formation of a municipal electricity company. Toronto Hydro-Electric System was introduced on May 2, 1911 at Old City Hall. 1920s: Toronto Hydro merged with the private electricity companies in the 1920s, leading to a 95 per cent increase in the number of meters and a 200 per cent increase in the kilowatt-hours (kWh) sold. Further demand came from an approximately 50 per cent rise in appliance sales. 1930s: Demand for electricity decreased for the first time during the Depression. In order to protect jobs, unionized workers agreed to reduce their work hours to 40 hours per week. While some layoffs were necessary, those jobs were offered back to employees when electricity consumption picked up in 1940. By Toronto's centennial in 1934, the city had approximately 920 kilometres (km) of paved streets, 880 km of which were lit by electricity. In 1937, Toronto Hydro sold more than 1 billion kWh of electricity for the first time in its history. 1940s: During the Second World War, Toronto Hydro appealed to its customers to conserve energy. Electricity consumption for signs, show-windows, displays and advertising was banned. Street lighting was reduced by approximately 20 per cent and daylight saving time was extended throughout winter to reduce the afternoon peak electrical load. The increased efficiency created a profit that Toronto Hydro passed down to its customers in temporary rate reductions. 1950s: Between 1945 and 1955, Toronto's kWh consumption increased by 75 per cent.", "This was due to the post-war baby boom and increased immigration. Toronto Hydro raced to keep up, building 12 new electrical substations throughout the city. The electrical system was converted from 25 Hertz (cycles per second) to 60 Hertz, and over 200,000 meters were replaced. 1960s: The convenience of electricity was heavily promoted. As a result, electricity use grew at home and in the workplace. Between 1964 and 1974, Toronto Hydro spent more than $31 million to put overhead wires and transformers underground. 1970s: As environmentalism grew, Toronto Hydro introduced a variety of energy conservation programs and incentives to customers. The building boom of the late 1960s meant that in 1970, Toronto Hydro's peak load increased 5.6 per cent over the previous year. New additions to the Toronto skyline, including the CN Tower, First Canadian Place, the Royal Bank Plaza and Hydro Place, added over 44,500 kW of demand to the grid. 1980s: In the 1980s, Toronto Hydro became the largest municipal electricity distribution utility in Canada. The organization introduced a customized Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA), which enabled operators to accurately and remotely monitor the distribution system. As Toronto Hydro moved to digital, other organizations followed suit. The introduction of desktop computers, printers, networks and photocopiers meant additional demand. 1990s: On January 1, 1998, Bill 103 amalgamated six municipal electric utilities into one, nearly tripling Toronto Hydro's customer base to approximately 650,000 customers. In January 1998, approximately 350 employees helped restore power following the ice storm in eastern Ontario and southern Quebec. Crews worked 12 to 20 hours a day and coped with harsh conditions and unfamiliar equipment. In 1999, the City of Toronto became Toronto Hydro's sole shareholder when the utility incorporated."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to what led up to Muhammad's death, are there any other interesting aspects about this article about Muhammad?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Year of Sorrow In the Islamic tradition, the Year of Sorrow (, also translated Year of Sadness) is the Hijri year in which Muhammad's wife Khadijah and his uncle and protector Abu Talib died. The year approximately coincided with 619 CE or the tenth year after Muhammad's first revelation. After the death of Abu Talib, Muhammad became vulnerable due to the loss of clan protection granted by Abu Talib (who was also the chief of Banu Hashim). He began to be the target of physical attacks by his Meccan opponents. He visited Ta'if to look for help and invite the inhabitants to Islam, but was rejected. On the way back to Mecca, he petitioned several prominent Meccans to ask for protection. Chief Mut'im ibn ' Adi, from the Banu Nawfal clan, acceded to his request, escorted Muhammad into the city and announced the clan's protection of Muhammad. Khadija, Muhammad's first and only wife for the 25 years up to her death, died in 619 CE when she was about 65 years old. Muhammad was almost 50 at this time, and the death happened not long after the end of the boycott against Muhammad's clan. The boycott prohibited, among other things, trade with Muhammad's family. The food shortage that it caused probably contributed towards Khadija's death. Muhammad's uncle Abu Talib was the chief of Muhammad's clan, Banu Hashim, in whose household Muhammad (who was an orphan) had lived since the death of his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib. As the clan chief, he granted protection to Muhammad, even as Muhammad gained enmity from some in the Quraish tribe due to his call to Islam.", "The Quran also categorizes some theological issues regarding Muhammad. The most important among them is the edict to follow the teachings of Muhammad. The Quran repeatedly commands people to \"follow God and his Messenger (Muhammad)\" in verses including , , , and . Muhammad, the son of 'Abdullah ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim and his wife Aminah, was born in 570 CE, approximately, in the city of Mecca in the Arabian Peninsula. He was a member of the family of Banu Hashim, a respected branch of the prestigious and influential Quraysh tribe. It is generally said that 'Abd al-Muttalib named the child \"Muhammad\" (). Muhammad was orphaned when young. Some months before the birth of Muhammad, his father died near Medina on a mercantile expedition to Syria (, \"Ash-Sh\u0101m\"). When Muhammad was six, he accompanied his mother Amina on her visit to Medina, probably to visit her late husband's tomb. While returning to Mecca, Amina died at a desolate place called Abwa, about half-way to Mecca, and was buried there. Muhammad was now taken in by his paternal grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, who himself died when Muhammad was eight, leaving him in the care of his uncle Abu Talib. In Islamic tradition, Muhammad's being orphaned at an early age has been seen as a part of divine plan to enable him to \"develop early the qualities of self-reliance, reflection, and steadfastness\". Muslim scholar Muhammad Ali sees the tale of Muhammad as a spiritual parallel to the life of Moses, considering many aspects of their lives to be shared. The Quran said about Moses: \"I cast (the garment of love) over thee from Me, so that thou might be reared under My eye. ...", "Upon his return, Zore served as Principal of the Chaderghat Government Degree College, head of the Urdu department at Osmania University, and head of the Urdu Department and Dean of Faculty at Jammu and Kashmir University. Zore wrote many articles and books on Urdu language and literature, including \"Tillsm-e-Khayaal\", \"Sayr-e-Golconda\" and \"Golconda ke Heeray\". His poetry includes \"Hubbe Tarang\",\"gulzaar-e-Ibrahim\" and \"Dakkani Adab ki Tareekh\". In addition, \"Kulliyate Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah\" (1940), \"Hayat-e-Mir Muhammad Momin\" (1941), \"Dastane-adab Hyderabad\" (1951), \"Tazkira makhtutat Urdu\" Vols. II and III (1951 and 1957), \"Talib-o-mohni\" (1957), \"Maani sukhan\" (1958), are notable contributions among his works as well. \" Hindustani Lisaniat\" (1932), \"the Languages of India\", throws light on the interesting aspects of the evolution of the Indo-European group of languages. His English composition, \"Hindustani Phonetics\", is a significant work on linguistics. Kuliyat-eMuhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the manuscript was edited and published with a preface by Mohiuddin, Qadri Zore in 1940 A.D. The Kuliyat contains a number of poems written by the Sultan on the occasion of ceremonies and festivals such as Idd-ut-Fittar, Milad-un-Nabi, Mirag and Basant.", "Muhammad Anwar, Plastic Surgery, Rahim Yar Khan  115. Muhammad Asghar Khan, Cardiology, Peshawar  116. Muhammad Ashraf Sharif, Histopathology, Islamabad  117. Muhammad Ayub, Physiology, Abbotabad  118. Muhammad Bilal Mirza, Pediatric Surgery Faisalabad  119. Muhammad Fahim, Cardiology, Peshawar  120. Muhammad Hasnain Raza Haider, General/ Oncoplastic &Reconstructive Breast Surgery, UK  121. Muhammad Irfan, Cardiology, Peshawar  122. Muhammad Irfan, Psychiatry, Peshawar  123. Muhammad Mushtaq, Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery, Peshawar  124. Muhammad Nadeem, Neurosurgery, Islamabad  125. Muhammad Nawaz Anjum, Radiology, Lahore. 126. Muhammad Salim, Orthopedic surgery, Sialkot  127. Muhammad Sameer Qureshi, Biochemistry, Karachi  128. Muhammad Tahir Khan, Haematology, Peshawar  129. Muhammad Tariq Khan, Ophthalmology, Peshawar  130. Muhammad Yaqub Kazi, Pediatrics, Lahore. 131. Muhammad Younas, ENT, Abbotabad  132. Muhammad Zahir Shah, Community Medicine, Abbotabad  133. Muhammad Zarin Surgery, Peshawar  134. Muhammad Javed, Paediatrics, Karachi  135. Mukhtiar Baig, Biochemistry, Saudi Arabia  136. Mumtaz Khan, Surgery, Peshawar  137. Munir Akmal Lodhi, Paediatrics, Rawalpindi  138. Musarrat Jabeen, Gynae/Obs, Kohat  139. Muslim Khan, Maxillofacial surgery/Dentistry, Peshawar  140. Nadeem Akhtar, Pediatric Surgery, Islamabad  141. Naeema Utman, Gynae/Obs, Peshawar  142. Najamuddin, Oncology, Lahore  143.", "And the Jews of the tribe of al-Aws, clients as well as original members, shall have the same rights as the people of this code: and shall behave sincerely and faithfully towards the latter, not perpetrating any breach of covenant. As one shall sow so shall he reap. And God is with him who will most sincerely and faithfully carry out the provisions of this code. (47) And this prescript shall not be of any avail to any oppressor or breaker of covenant. And one shall have security whether one goes out to a campaign or remains in Madina, or else it will be an oppression and breach of covenant. And God is the Protector of him who performs the obligations with faithfulness and care, as also His Messenger Muhammad (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645). Muhammad's Quraysh (or Quraish) tribe appear in the document as both a principal constituent of the community and the enemy. The Quraysh referred to are sometimes the followers of Muhammad as \"migrants\" or \"believers\", but other times, the word refers to those members of the tribe who expelled Muhammad and his followers from Mecca, the Qurayshi capital. Bernard Lewis claims that the charter was not a treaty in the modern sense but a unilateral proclamation by Muhammad. One of the constitution's more interesting aspects was the inclusion of the Jewish tribes in the ummah because although the Jewish tribes were \"one community with the believers\", they also \"have their religion and the Muslims have theirs\". L. Ali Khan says that it was a social contract derived from a treaty and not from any fictional state of nature or from behind the Rawlsian veil of ignorance. It was built upon the concept of one community of diverse tribes living under the sovereignty of one God."], "answer": {"text": "Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to", "answer_start": 675}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was usamas army doing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#3", "question": "What was he too young to do?", "rewrite": "What was Usama too young to do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Abu Bakr attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\"", "Umar attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\"", "However, a group of Muhajirun stood firmly and defended the Prophet on the battlefield. These men were Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, Fadl ibn Abbas, Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith, Usama ibn Zayd and Ayman ibn Ubayd. Usama's half-brother Ayman ibn Ubayd was killed that day whilst defending the Prophet Muhammad. The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim Caliphate led by Usama ibn Zayd that took place in June 632, in which Muslim forces raided Byzantine Syria. After the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. Muhammad commanded all the sahaba, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims\u2019 defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama's leadership was initially rejected by some because of his young age at the time, however the Prophet Muhammad dismissed these concerns. In reference to this event, the Sahih al-Bukhari states that:  However, soon after the expedition was dispatched, news was received of Muhammad's death, forcing the army to return to Medina. The campaign was not reengaged until leadership of the community passed to Abu Bakr, who chose to honour Muhammad's wishes and reaffirmed Usama's command.", "After the Farewell Pilgrimage in 632, the Prophet Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. The stated aim of this expedition was to avenge the Muslim losses at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama was ordered by Muhammad to attack Balqa and Darum. Some weeks later, Muhammad fell ill, and Muslim elders such as Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army. Muhammad dismissed these concerns. This incident is also mentioned in the Sahih al-Bukhari, which states that:  It is also mentioned in and . Usama gathered a force of approximately 3000 men, of which 1000 were cavalry soldiers, and Abu Bakr had intended on joining Usama on campaign. Usama had also sent spies ahead of him, from which he learned that the enemy were still unaware of the imminent approach of his army. However, due to Muhammad's death on 8 June 632, the campaign was delayed and Abu Bakr was elected as Caliph in Medina. With the death of Muhammad, certain companions of the Prophet tried to persuade Abu Bakr, who succeeded Muhammad as leader of the Islamic community, to replace Usama as commander of the army with Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, due to Usama's youth. However, Abu Bakr reaffirmed the decision of Muhammad and dispatched the expedition under Usama's leadership. He then requested that Usama allow Umar ibn al-Khattab to stay behind in Medina to help in the administration, and Usama obliged.", "Usama Young Usama Young (born May 8, 1985) is a former American football safety. He played college football at Kent State University. He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the third round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He also played for the Cleveland Browns. Usama was born in the North East section of Washington D.C. to Dr. Khaula Murtadha and Leroi A. Young (1950-2016). Usama is the youngest son of their four boys. Usama Young attended Largo High School in Largo, Maryland and was a letterman in football, baseball, and track. He started to play football at the age of 8. As the youngest, Usama was given the opportunity to learn from his older brothers who pushed him to never cry, complain or make excuses. When Usama was 12 he was playing football in a local pee-wee football game. During the middle of the game a rabid dog ran onto the field and terrorized the young players, coaches and family members who were on the sidelines watching. To everyone's surprise the twelve-year-old Usama was able to tackle the dog, tie the dog up using the chains from the down markers and successfully restore order to the pee-wee football game. By the time Usama was a freshman in high school he developed a work ethic that would stay with him throughout his football career. As a senior in high school, he was a second team All-State honoree. Young graduated from Largo High School in 2003. He worked as a vendor at FedExField during home games of the Washington Redskins while in high school. This was revealed during the SuperAd that he and his father were featured in during Super Bowl XLIII. Young was regarded as one of the top defensive prospects to emerge from Kent State in the last three decades."], "answer": {"text": "to lead an army,", "answer_start": 809}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was usamas army doing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#4", "question": "What happened as a result of him refusing to follow under him?", "rewrite": "What happened as a result of Abu Bak and Usama refusing to follow under Usama?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However, a group of Muhajirun stood firmly and defended the Prophet on the battlefield. These men were Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, Fadl ibn Abbas, Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith, Usama ibn Zayd and Ayman ibn Ubayd. Usama's half-brother Ayman ibn Ubayd was killed that day whilst defending the Prophet Muhammad. The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim Caliphate led by Usama ibn Zayd that took place in June 632, in which Muslim forces raided Byzantine Syria. After the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. Muhammad commanded all the sahaba, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims\u2019 defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama's leadership was initially rejected by some because of his young age at the time, however the Prophet Muhammad dismissed these concerns. In reference to this event, the Sahih al-Bukhari states that:  However, soon after the expedition was dispatched, news was received of Muhammad's death, forcing the army to return to Medina. The campaign was not reengaged until leadership of the community passed to Abu Bakr, who chose to honour Muhammad's wishes and reaffirmed Usama's command.", "Expedition of Usama bin Zayd The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim Caliphate led by Usama ibn Zayd that took place in June 632, in which Muslim forces raided Byzantine Syria. After the Farewell Pilgrimage, Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. Muhammad commanded all the sahaba, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims\u2019 defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama's campaign was successful and his army was the first Muslim force to successfully invade and raid Byzantine territory, thus paving the way for the subsequent Muslim conquest of the Levant and Muslim conquest of Egypt, both of which took place during Usama's lifetime. The Battle of Mu'tah was fought in September 629 near the village of Mu'tah, east of the Jordan River and Karak, between the forces of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and of the Byzantine Empire and their Arab Christian Ghassanid vassals. In Islamic historical sources, the battle is usually described as the Muslims' attempt to take retribution against the Ghassanids after a Ghassanid official executed Muhammad's emissary who was en route to Bosra. During the battle the Muslim army was routed. After three Muslim leaders (including Usama's father, Zayd ibn Harithah), were killed, the command was given to Khalid ibn al-Walid and he succeeded in saving the rest of the forces. The surviving Muslim forces retreated to Medina.", "Umar attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\"", "After the Farewell Pilgrimage in 632, the Prophet Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. The stated aim of this expedition was to avenge the Muslim losses at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama was ordered by Muhammad to attack Balqa and Darum. Some weeks later, Muhammad fell ill, and Muslim elders such as Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army. Muhammad dismissed these concerns. This incident is also mentioned in the Sahih al-Bukhari, which states that:  It is also mentioned in and . Usama gathered a force of approximately 3000 men, of which 1000 were cavalry soldiers, and Abu Bakr had intended on joining Usama on campaign. Usama had also sent spies ahead of him, from which he learned that the enemy were still unaware of the imminent approach of his army. However, due to Muhammad's death on 8 June 632, the campaign was delayed and Abu Bakr was elected as Caliph in Medina. With the death of Muhammad, certain companions of the Prophet tried to persuade Abu Bakr, who succeeded Muhammad as leader of the Islamic community, to replace Usama as commander of the army with Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, due to Usama's youth. However, Abu Bakr reaffirmed the decision of Muhammad and dispatched the expedition under Usama's leadership. He then requested that Usama allow Umar ibn al-Khattab to stay behind in Medina to help in the administration, and Usama obliged.", "Abu Bakr attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\""], "answer": {"text": "Now obey his orders and go.", "answer_start": 1315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was usamas army doing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he too young to do?", "answer": {"text": "to lead an army,", "answer_start": 809, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#5", "question": "Who stated this?", "rewrite": "Who stated now obey his orders and go as a result of Abu Bak and Usama refusing to follow under Usama?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the Farewell Pilgrimage in 632, the Prophet Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. The stated aim of this expedition was to avenge the Muslim losses at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama was ordered by Muhammad to attack Balqa and Darum. Some weeks later, Muhammad fell ill, and Muslim elders such as Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army. Muhammad dismissed these concerns. This incident is also mentioned in the Sahih al-Bukhari, which states that:  It is also mentioned in and . Usama gathered a force of approximately 3000 men, of which 1000 were cavalry soldiers, and Abu Bakr had intended on joining Usama on campaign. Usama had also sent spies ahead of him, from which he learned that the enemy were still unaware of the imminent approach of his army. However, due to Muhammad's death on 8 June 632, the campaign was delayed and Abu Bakr was elected as Caliph in Medina. With the death of Muhammad, certain companions of the Prophet tried to persuade Abu Bakr, who succeeded Muhammad as leader of the Islamic community, to replace Usama as commander of the army with Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, due to Usama's youth. However, Abu Bakr reaffirmed the decision of Muhammad and dispatched the expedition under Usama's leadership. He then requested that Usama allow Umar ibn al-Khattab to stay behind in Medina to help in the administration, and Usama obliged.", "However, a group of Muhajirun stood firmly and defended the Prophet on the battlefield. These men were Abu Bakr, Umar, Ali, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith, Fadl ibn Abbas, Rabi'ah ibn al-Harith, Usama ibn Zayd and Ayman ibn Ubayd. Usama's half-brother Ayman ibn Ubayd was killed that day whilst defending the Prophet Muhammad. The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim Caliphate led by Usama ibn Zayd that took place in June 632, in which Muslim forces raided Byzantine Syria. After the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. Muhammad commanded all the sahaba, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims\u2019 defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama's leadership was initially rejected by some because of his young age at the time, however the Prophet Muhammad dismissed these concerns. In reference to this event, the Sahih al-Bukhari states that:  However, soon after the expedition was dispatched, news was received of Muhammad's death, forcing the army to return to Medina. The campaign was not reengaged until leadership of the community passed to Abu Bakr, who chose to honour Muhammad's wishes and reaffirmed Usama's command.", "Umar attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\"", "Abu Bakr attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\"", "Expedition of Usama bin Zayd The Expedition of Usama bin Zayd was a military expedition of the early Muslim Caliphate led by Usama ibn Zayd that took place in June 632, in which Muslim forces raided Byzantine Syria. After the Farewell Pilgrimage, Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. Muhammad commanded all the sahaba, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims\u2019 defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama's campaign was successful and his army was the first Muslim force to successfully invade and raid Byzantine territory, thus paving the way for the subsequent Muslim conquest of the Levant and Muslim conquest of Egypt, both of which took place during Usama's lifetime. The Battle of Mu'tah was fought in September 629 near the village of Mu'tah, east of the Jordan River and Karak, between the forces of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and of the Byzantine Empire and their Arab Christian Ghassanid vassals. In Islamic historical sources, the battle is usually described as the Muslims' attempt to take retribution against the Ghassanids after a Ghassanid official executed Muhammad's emissary who was en route to Bosra. During the battle the Muslim army was routed. After three Muslim leaders (including Usama's father, Zayd ibn Harithah), were killed, the command was given to Khalid ibn al-Walid and he succeeded in saving the rest of the forces. The surviving Muslim forces retreated to Medina."], "answer": {"text": "the Prophet", "answer_start": 974}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was usamas army doing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he too young to do?", "answer": {"text": "to lead an army,", "answer_start": 809, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened as a result of him refusing to follow under him?", "answer": {"text": "Now obey his orders and go.", "answer_start": 1315, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#6", "question": "Did he listen and leave?", "rewrite": "Did Abu Bak and Umar listen and leave?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ali did not change his mind when he finally pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr and then to Umar and to Uthman but had done so for the sake of the unity of Islam, at a time when it was clear that the Muslims had turned away from him. Ali also believed that he could fulfill the role of Imam without fighting. At the beginning of Abu Bakr's caliphate, there was a controversy about Muhammad's endowment to his daughter, especially the oasis of Fadak, between Fatimah and Ali on one side and Abu Bakr on the other side. Fatimah asked Abu Bakr to turn over their property, the lands of Fadak and Khaybar, but Abu Bakr refused and told her that prophets did not have any legacy and that Fadak belonged to the Muslim community. Abu Bakr said to her, \"Allah's Apostle said, we do not have heirs, whatever we leave is Sadaqa.\" Together with Umm Ayman, Ali testified to the fact that Muhammad granted it to Fatimah Zahra, when Abu Bakr requested her to summon witnesses for her claim. Fatimah became angry and stopped speaking to Abu Bakr, and continued assuming that attitude until she died. According to some sources, 'Ali did not give his oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr until some time after the death of his wife, Fatimah, in the year 633. He pledged allegiance to the second caliph, 'Umar ibn Khattab, and helped him as a trusted advisor. ' Umar particularly relied upon Ali as the chief judge of Medina. He also advised Umar to set Hijra as the beginning of the Islamic calendar. ' Umar followed 'Ali's suggestions in political matters as well as religious ones. ' Ali was one of the electoral council to choose the third caliph which was appointed by 'Umar.", "Muhammad reassured Umar by saying that \"Hafsa will marry one better than Uthman will marry one better than Abu Bakr. \" Umar was obviously alluding to the fact that Hafsa was to marry Muhammad and that Uthman was to marry a daughter of Muhammad. Hafsa was married to Muhammad in 625. Muhammad's household was not always peaceful as his wives were in two groups. Umar said on one occasion: writes: Shia claim that the despair felt by Umar at the time of Muhammad's death was not genuine, they insist that there was no despair, only threats aimed to delay matters so that his friend and confederate Abu Bakr could return before Ali was confirmed as the successor. As for Ali's allegiance to Abu Bakr's rule, this too was made up to support Abu Bakr's claim to power. writes: Shi'a view Umar as the \"khalifa-maker\" of Abu Bakr and that during Abu Bakr's khilafat, Umar was his principal adviser. Ali is quoted saying: (Then he quoted al-A'sha's verse): states: The majority of Shi'a's are in agreement that Umm Kulthum, the daughter of the Ali, was not married to Umar. One narration concerning the marriage is, Ali is further quoted in the same sermon: It is recorded in some Shi'a texts that Ali said:   wrote: And he also writes that Ali... David Samuel Margoliouth offers this assessment of Umar:", "Soon, Medina's food reserves declined to alarming levels; by this time, Caliph Umar had already written to the governors of his provinces requesting any relevant aid they might assist with. One such letter was rushed to Abu Ubaidah, who responded promptly: True to his assurance, Abu Ubaidah's caravans of food supplies were the first to reach Medina, with 4,000 camels arriving full of food. To handle the overwhelming amount, Umar appointed Abu Ubaidah to distribute this among the thousands of people living in the outskirts of Medina. Following Abu Ubaidah's generous aid and efforts, Umar provided 4,000 dinars as a modest stipend or token of appreciation which, he refused on the grounds that the deed was done for the sake of God. Nine months had passed since the drought and a new problem had started brewing. The plague epidemic broke in Syria and western Iraq; it was most severe in Syria. When the news of plague broke Umar had been on his way for a tour of Syria but, he returned from the Syrian border as advised by his companions. Abu Ubaidah met him there and said:  Umar was shocked by this and said in sorrow: \"if only someone else would have said this other than you Abu Ubaidah\" and then said:  Umar returned from Syria because Muhammad once instructed that one should not enter the place where an epidemic is unless it is absolutely safe. So Abu Ubaidah returned to his army at Emesa. It was then that a plague hit the land of Syria, the like of which people had never experienced before. It devastated the population. As Caliph Umar wanted to make Abu Ubaidah his successor he didn't want him to remain there in the epidemic region. Umar dispatched a messenger to Abu Ubaidah with a letter saying:", "Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi Shaykh Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi (c.1145-1234) was a Persian Sufi and nephew of Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi. He expanded the Sufi order of Suhrawardiyya that had been created by his uncle Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, and is the person responsible for officially formalizing the order. Suhrawardi is the author of the \"Awarif ul-Maarif\", which is recognized as a masterpiece work in Tasawwuf. Other transliterations: \" Shaykh Shihab al-Din \u2018Umar al-Suhrawardi\", \"Shaykh 'Abu Hafs al-Suhrawardi\", \"Hadrat Shaykh Shihab al-Din `Umar b. `Abd Allah al-Suhrawardi,\" \"Shaykh Shahabuddin Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi,\" \"Shaykh Shahabuddin Abu Hafs Umar Soharwardi,\" \"Shaykh Shahabuddin Abu Hafs Umar Soharwardy,\" \"Shaykh Shahabuddin Soharwardi,\" \"Shaykh Shahabuddin Soharwardy,\" \"Shaykh Umar Shahabuddin Soharwardi. \" Suhrawardi traces his lineage back to Abu Bakr, the first Caliph. From an early age onwards, Suhrawardi studied Islamic jurisprudence, law, logic, theology, Quranic studies and Hadith studies. Suhrawardi quickly excelled in his studies and mastered, at an early age, the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhabs. One of his most notable teachers was the famous Sufi, Abdul Qadir Jilani.", "Shia view of Umar Umar ibn al-Khattab was one of the earliest figures in the history of Islam. While Sunnis regard Umar ibn al-Khattab in high esteem and respect his place as one of the \"Four Righteously Guided Caliphs\", the Shia do not view him as a legitimate leader of the Ummah and believe that Umar and Abu Bakr conspired to usurp power from Ali. Shia believe that the Sunni view of Umar was created by the later Umayyad dynasty to honour the man that gave power to the first Umayyad ruler and third Sunni Caliph, Uthman. In this way, it gives legitimacy to Umar's consultation that started their own dynasty. Shia believe that the Umayyad view was propagated with lethal force and heavy duress and as time went on, that view became predominant and eventually taken as truth, cemented by the works of Bukhari. However, Shi'a believe that despite the perceived white washing of Umar, bits of his true qualities can be found in all sources, including Sunni ones. They also believe that invented positive traits attributed to him do not hold up to closer scrutiny. A Sh'ia scholar states: Hafsa, the daughter of Umar, was originally married to Khunais ibn Hudhaifa. When he died, Umar sought to find a husband for her. He approached his friend Uthman who said \"I am of the opinion that I shall not marry at present\", after thinking about the proposal for a few days. Umar became angry with Uthman and asked Abu Bakr the same thing. Abu Bakr did not give him a reply, causing Umar to become even more angry with him than he was with Uthman. Umar then preceded to Muhammad to discuss the previous two incidents."], "answer": {"text": "a few companions were ready to join Usama's army, many other companions, including Abu Bakr and Umar, disobeyed Muhammad's orders.", "answer_start": 15}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was usamas army doing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he too young to do?", "answer": {"text": "to lead an army,", "answer_start": 809, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened as a result of him refusing to follow under him?", "answer": {"text": "Now obey his orders and go.", "answer_start": 1315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who stated this?", "answer": {"text": "the Prophet", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_654036212102425a9563bc9ff40d6c66_1_q#7", "question": "what happened when they disobeyed?", "rewrite": "what happened when Abu Bakr and Umar disobeyed to the profet leaving the Usama's army?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the Farewell Pilgrimage in 632, the Prophet Muhammad appointed Usama ibn Zayd as the commander of an expeditionary force which was to invade the region of Balqa in the Byzantine Empire. The stated aim of this expedition was to avenge the Muslim losses at the Battle of Mu'tah, in which Usama's father and Muhammad's adopted son, Zayd ibn Harithah, had been killed. Usama was ordered by Muhammad to attack Balqa and Darum. Some weeks later, Muhammad fell ill, and Muslim elders such as Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army. Muhammad dismissed these concerns. This incident is also mentioned in the Sahih al-Bukhari, which states that:  It is also mentioned in and . Usama gathered a force of approximately 3000 men, of which 1000 were cavalry soldiers, and Abu Bakr had intended on joining Usama on campaign. Usama had also sent spies ahead of him, from which he learned that the enemy were still unaware of the imminent approach of his army. However, due to Muhammad's death on 8 June 632, the campaign was delayed and Abu Bakr was elected as Caliph in Medina. With the death of Muhammad, certain companions of the Prophet tried to persuade Abu Bakr, who succeeded Muhammad as leader of the Islamic community, to replace Usama as commander of the army with Umar Ibn Al-Khattab, due to Usama's youth. However, Abu Bakr reaffirmed the decision of Muhammad and dispatched the expedition under Usama's leadership. He then requested that Usama allow Umar ibn al-Khattab to stay behind in Medina to help in the administration, and Usama obliged.", "Abu Bakr attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\"", "Ali did not change his mind when he finally pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr and then to Umar and to Uthman but had done so for the sake of the unity of Islam, at a time when it was clear that the Muslims had turned away from him. Ali also believed that he could fulfill the role of Imam without fighting. At the beginning of Abu Bakr's caliphate, there was a controversy about Muhammad's endowment to his daughter, especially the oasis of Fadak, between Fatimah and Ali on one side and Abu Bakr on the other side. Fatimah asked Abu Bakr to turn over their property, the lands of Fadak and Khaybar, but Abu Bakr refused and told her that prophets did not have any legacy and that Fadak belonged to the Muslim community. Abu Bakr said to her, \"Allah's Apostle said, we do not have heirs, whatever we leave is Sadaqa.\" Together with Umm Ayman, Ali testified to the fact that Muhammad granted it to Fatimah Zahra, when Abu Bakr requested her to summon witnesses for her claim. Fatimah became angry and stopped speaking to Abu Bakr, and continued assuming that attitude until she died. According to some sources, 'Ali did not give his oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr until some time after the death of his wife, Fatimah, in the year 633. He pledged allegiance to the second caliph, 'Umar ibn Khattab, and helped him as a trusted advisor. ' Umar particularly relied upon Ali as the chief judge of Medina. He also advised Umar to set Hijra as the beginning of the Islamic calendar. ' Umar followed 'Ali's suggestions in political matters as well as religious ones. ' Ali was one of the electoral council to choose the third caliph which was appointed by 'Umar.", "Umar attended the event of Ghadir Khumm, which took place a few months before Muhammad passed away. According to both Shia and Sunni sources, he was among the many who pledged allegiance to Ali at the event. In Medina, after the Farewell Pilgrimage and the event of Ghadir Khumm, Muhammad ordered an army under the command of Usama bin Zayd. He commanded all the companions, except for his family, to go with Usama to Syria to avenge the Muslims' defeat at the Battle of Mu'tah. Muhammad gave Usama the banner of Islam on the 18th day of the Islamic month of Safar in the year 11 A.H. Abu Bakr and Umar were among those that Muhammad commanded to join Usama's army. However, Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to lead an army, despite Muhammad's teachings that age and standing in society did not necessarily correspond to being a good general. In response to these worries, the Prophet said: \"O Arabs! You are miserable because I have appointed Usama as your general, and you are raising questions if he is qualified to lead you in war. I know you are the same people who had raised the same question about his father. By God, Usama is qualified to be your general just as his father was qualified to be a general. Now obey his orders and go.\" Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet, and would continue urging his companions to leave for Syria. Muhammad even said, \"Usama's army must leave at once. May Allah curse those men who do not go with him.\"", "Ridda wars The Ridda Wars (), also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633, just after Muhammad died. The rebels' position was that they had submitted to Muhammad as the prophet of Allah, but owed nothing to Abu Bakr. Some rebels followed either Tulayha, Musaylima or Sajjah, all of whom claimed prophethood. Most of the tribes were defeated and reintegrated into the Caliphate. The peoples surrounding Mecca did not revolt. A detailed reconstruction of the events is complicated by the frequently contradictory and tendentious accounts found in primary sources. In about the middle of May 632, Muhammad, now ailing, ordered a large expedition to be prepared against the Byzantine Empire in order to avenge the martyrs of the battle of Mu'tah. 3000 Muslims were to join it. Usama ibn Zaid, a young man and son of Zayd ibn Harithah who was killed in the battle at Mu'tah, was appointed as commander of this force so he could avenge the death of his father. However, Muhammad died in June 632 and Abu Bakr was made the Caliph by a \"shura\" council. On the first day of his caliphate, Abu Bakr ordered the army of Usama to prepare for march. Abu Bakr was under great pressure regarding this expedition due to rising rebellion and apostasy across Arabia, but he was determined. Before his march, Usama sent Umar to Abu Bakr and is reported to have said: However, Abu Bakr refused. He was moved to this decision at least partially by his desire to carry out the unfulfilled military plan of Muhammad. On June 26, 632, the army of Usama broke camp and moved out."], "answer": {"text": "if someone was unable to go to the fight, Muhammad would let them stay at home.", "answer_start": 292}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What lead up to Muhammad's death?", "answer": {"text": "Whenever Muhammad felt any relief from his fatal sickness, he would inquire as to whether Usama's army had left for Syria yet,", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was usamas army doing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Abu Bakr and Umar resisted going under the command of Usama because they thought that he, who was 18 or 20 at the time, was too young to", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was he too young to do?", "answer": {"text": "to lead an army,", "answer_start": 809, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened as a result of him refusing to follow under him?", "answer": {"text": "Now obey his orders and go.", "answer_start": 1315, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who stated this?", "answer": {"text": "the Prophet", "answer_start": 974, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he listen and leave?", "answer": {"text": "a few companions were ready to join Usama's army, many other companions, including Abu Bakr and Umar, disobeyed Muhammad's orders.", "answer_start": 15, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#0", "question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "rewrite": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They do not manage to lay Ursula to rest in time to save the last survivor, who is burned to death in an oven. Gabriel is also killed, hurled into a wall by a bursting water main. Eve enters the flooded room and waits underwater with the gun in hand. Joel tells Julia that his theory is that he believes that Eve must have always been mentally deranged. He supposes that her mother and mother's friends had murdered the nun and Eve developed a split personality, taking on the role of the nun, and thus carried out these murders in her name. They go down to where the water is flooded and see Eve killed by her own spear.", "Choorakkattu Bhattathiri is a local black magician who wants to gain supremacy on the locality by destroying the magical powers of Kumaran and he worships Vada-yakshi, who resides in the Banyan tree along with demoness Dhuma. From ghosts to women, he tries everything to do it, but Kumaran escapes with his powers. Meanwhile, Kumaran gets attracted towards Bhanumathi (Pavithra), who starts to disturb him in his dreams. Soon Kumaran loses control over his emotions and breaks his Brahmacharya by having sex with Meenakshi, a local prostitute. Here starts the deterioration of Kumaran's magical powers. The ghost of Lakshmikutty returns, since Kumaran has breached his brahmacharya. Again using his magical powers, Kumaran convinces her and keeps her locked inside his outbuilding. As he broke his celibacy vows, he can't invoke Garuda anymore and loses much of his magical powers. Kumaran starts to perform black magic for making money, since he is not able to concentrate. Choorakkattu Bhattathiri uses Vada Yakshi and Dhuma Demoness to kill all relatives of Kumaran. While Garuda saved the pious mother of Kumaran from Vada Yakshi, Dhuma was successful in burning the niece of Kumaran. However the nephew was saved, as he was wearing the magical amulet. Soon he marries Bhanumathi, which makes his mother leave his home. On the day before his marriage, Kumaran gets attracted to the persuasions from Lakshmikutty and gets trapped by having sexual intercourse with her. Lakshmikutty curses Kumaran that he will not be able to have sex with any other women.", "The Demon's Lexicon The Demon's Lexicon is a 2009 novel by the Irish author Sarah Rees Brennan. It was published worldwide by Simon & Schuster on June 1, 2009. It is the first in The Demon trilogy, the others being \"The Demon's Covenant\" (2010) and \"The Demon's Surrender\" (2011). The story follows two brothers with a sordid past, Nick and Alan Ryves, who fight demons and monsters. They are on the run from a magician, from whom their mother supposedly stole an amulet, when they meet Mae and Jamie, troubled teenagers who come to them for help. Throughout the book they face horror, evil and people who just generally want to kill them, while long kept secrets are threatening to unravel. In the lore of the book, humans can either be born with magical powers, or can make pacts with demons who will grant them power or use their own magic. Very early on, Mae expresses the thought that she may have once had magical powers, but that they went away. Nick chastises her for this, saying that if you have magical powers, they never leave you. \"The Demon's Lexicon\" was published worldwide on June 1, 2009. However, the book had an early Irish release, with Eason's stores selling the book as early as May 29.", "T-Bag  T-Bag is a British television series about an eponymous witch-like character and her assistant, T-shirt. The series ran from 1985 to 1992 on \"Children's ITV\". Written by Grant Cathro and Lee Pressman, each season adopted a different title and featured a single story told over several episodes. The programme was first broadcast on 4 April 1985. The show was originally intended to be educational; however, this aspect was dropped after the first series in favour of simple adventure plots. From 1985 to 1989, Tallulah Bag was played by Elizabeth Estensen. In 1990, Estensen left the show and Tallulah Bag was replaced by her sister Tabatha Bag, played by Georgina Hale. She played the role until the series ended in 1992. The sisters obtain magical powers by drinking tea made from the 'High T-Plant'. They are incapable of brewing it properly, requiring an assistant (T-shirt) to do it for them. In return, T-Bag shares her magical powers with T-shirt (Thomas Shirt), played by John Hasler. He started as a small child and grew until he towered above Hale by the series end in 1992. T-shirt is presented as T-Bag's constant companion, part harassed surrogate son, part household servant. T-Bag and T-shirt's magical powers mostly consist of conjuring objects out of thin air when needed, sending objects elsewhere and teleporting across time and space. T-Bag triggers her teleport ability by clicking her fingers. T-shirt finds finger clicking too difficult and blinks instead. Although T-shirt was T-Bag's assistant, he did not share in her evil ways, and though sometimes he appeared to be faithfully serving T-Bag", "she was the one who threw their marriage away. The couple keep their children in the dark and Moira goes quietly. When Adam, Hannah and Holly do find out what has happened, Holly is firmly on John's side. John later has a fight with Cain in The Woolpack. On 17 November 2011, it was announced a major storyline would see Cain attacked by a mystery person and left for dead. John was named as one of six official suspects, along with Moira. Of John's motive \"Inside Soap's\" Kate White said \"John's family is in ruins thank to Cain's affair with his wife, Moira. Violence erupts as the men have a vicious fight this fortnight \u2013 and when John is discovered fleeing from the crime scene with blood on his hands, it looks like an open-and-shut case!\" Digital Spy conducted a poll asking viewers to select which suspect they thought had carried out the attack and John received 26.3% of the vote, placing him first in the poll. In May 2010, John kissed Eve Jenson (Suzanne Shaw). Prior to the kiss, John had spent weeks trying to fend off Eve's advances. In an interview with \"What's on TV\", Shaw said Eve developed a big crush on John and because they had a few things in common, it made her hopeful that he was interested in her. Both Moira and Adam noticed Eve flirting with John in The Woolpack, but they just teased him about it. Shaw revealed the attention from Eve was just a bit of fun for John, as he had some problems at home and used it as a way of escaping. Thornton told \"Inside Soap's\" Katy Moon that John was so secure in his relationship with Moira that he felt Eve was not a threat, so he did not put up any barriers."], "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#1", "question": "what was the anecdote?", "rewrite": "What was the anecdote in All About Eve that related to Mary Orr?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mary Orr (figure skater) Mary Orr (born September 17, 1996) is a Canadian pair skater. With former partner Phelan Simpson, she finished in the top ten at the 2014 and 2015 World Junior Championships. Orr started learning to skate in 2000. She trained as a single skater at the Brantford Skating Club before moving to the Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club, where she began skating pairs. In January 2013, she and Anthony Furiano became the Canadian junior bronze medalists for the second year in a row. Orr teamed up with Phelan Simpson in 2013. The pair won the junior bronze medal at the 2014 Canadian Championships. They were assigned to the 2014 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria, where they finished sixth. Orr/Simpson won the national junior title at the 2015 Canadian Championships and were named in Canada's team to the 2015 World Junior Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, where they finished tenth. After the event, Simpson retired from competitive skating. Orr teamed up with Brett Varley in 2016. Orr has also competed in running, mainly in 5 kilometre races. \"JGP: Junior Grand Prix\"", "Applause (musical) Applause is a musical with a book by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, lyrics by Lee Adams, and music by Charles Strouse. The musical is based on the 1950 film \"All About Eve\" and the short story on which the movie is based, Mary Orr's \"The Wisdom of Eve\". The story centers on aging star Margo Channing, who innocently takes a fledgling actress under her wing, unaware that the ruthless Eve is plotting to steal her career and her man. The musical opened on Broadway on March 30, 1970, and ran for 896 performances. It won the Tony Award for Best Musical, and Lauren Bacall won the Tony for Best Actress in a Musical. Composer Charles Strouse and lyricist Lee Adams (who had previously collaborated on the score to \"Bye Bye Birdie\", among others) wanted to write a musical version of the 1950 movie, \"All About Eve\". However, Twentieth Century Fox, which owned the rights to the movie, refused to grant them the rights to the script or the title. They were, however, able to purchase the stage rights to the short story on which \"All About Eve\" had been based, Mary Orr's \"The Wisdom of Eve\". The resulting musical could not contain any dialogue or characters that had been created for the movie but could use the original material that the movie also used. In April 1969, it was announced that Strouse, Adams, and book writer Sidney Michaels were beginning to work on the show, with Lawrence Kasha producing. In July 1969, movie star Lauren Bacall was cast as aging theater star Margo Channing, the role played by Bette Davis in \"All About Eve\". Bacall greatly identified with the role, explaining, \"The Margo Channing of \"Applause\" and myself were ideally suited.", "Mary Orr Mary Caswell Orr (December 21, 1910 \u2013 September 22, 2006) was an American actress and author whose short story \"The Wisdom of Eve\", published in the May 1946 issue of \"Cosmopolitan\", was the basis of the Academy Award-winning film \"All About Eve\" (1950). In private life, Orr used her married name, Mary Orr Denham. Orr was born in Brooklyn, New York. She and her family relocated to Canton, Ohio when she was a girl. She studied at Syracuse University and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Manhattan. According to Orr\u2019s obituary in the New York Times, \"The Wisdom of Eve\" was loosely based upon an unnamed woman who had been the secretary of Viennese actress Elisabeth Bergner. Orr wrote a radio adaptation that aired on NBC in 1949, and that led to the movie being made. While she did not receive screen credit for \"All About Eve\" (she had sold the story to Twentieth Century Fox for $5,000), she did receive a Screen Writers Guild award for her original story. An alternative hypothesis to the Martina Lawrence-Elizabeth Bergner origin was the rivalry between Tallulah Bankhead and Lizabeth Scott (her understudy) during the production of Thornton Wilder's \"The Skin of Our Teeth\". Broadway legend had it that Bankhead was being victimized by Scott, who was supposedly the real-life Eve Harrington. In 1964, Orr and her husband, director-playwright Reginald Denham, adapted the short story into a play of the same name, which was produced off-Broadway in 1979. In 1970, a hit Broadway musical, \"Applause\", was based on \"All About Eve\" and gave a credit to Mary Orr for the original story.", "Phelan Simpson Phelan Simpson (born January 24, 1996) is a Canadian former competitive pair skater. With Mary Orr, he finished in the top ten at the 2014 and 2015 World Junior Championships. Simpson started learning to skate in 2004. He moved from Calgary, Alberta to Waterloo, Ontario after being paired with Shalena Rau in 2008. Rau/Simpson were coached by Kristy Sargeant-Wirtz and Kris Wirtz at the Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club. They parted ways following the 2013 Canadian Championships. Simpson teamed up with Mary Orr in 2013. The pair won the junior bronze medal at the 2014 Canadian Championships. They were assigned to the 2014 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria, where they finished sixth. Orr/Simpson won the national junior title at the 2015 Canadian Championships and were named in Canada's team to the 2015 World Junior Championships in Tallinn, Estonia, where they finished tenth. Simpson then retired from competitive skating to pursue other interests. \"JGP: Junior Grand Prix\"", "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner. While performing in The Two Mrs. Carrolls during 1943 and 1944, Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity when the woman attempted to undermine her. Referring to her only as \"the terrible girl,\" Bergner related the events to Orr, who used it as the basis for her short story \"The Wisdom of Eve\" (1946). In the story, Orr gives the girl a more ruthless character and allows her to succeed in stealing the older actress' career. Bergner later confirmed the basis of the story in her autobiography Bewundert viel, und viel gescholten (Greatly Admired and Greatly Scolded). In 1949, Mankiewicz was considering a story about an aging actress and, upon reading \"The Wisdom of Eve,\" felt the conniving girl would be a useful added element. He sent a memo to Darryl F. Zanuck saying it \"fits in with an original idea [of mine] and can be combined. Superb starring role for Susan Hayward.\" Mankiewicz presented a film treatment of the combined stories under the title Best Performance. He changed the main character's name from Margola Cranston to Margo Channing and retained several of Orr's characters -- Eve Harrington, Lloyd and Karen Richards, and Miss Casswell -- while removing Margo Channing's husband completely and replacing him with a new character, Bill Sampson. The intention was to depict Channing in a new relationship and allow Eve Harrington to threaten both Channing's professional and personal lives. Mankiewicz also added the characters Addison DeWitt, Birdie Coonan, Max Fabian, and Phoebe."], "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#2", "question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "rewrite": "Why did Elisabeth Bergner regret allowing fan Martina Lawrence to become part of her household and employed as an assistant?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Elisabeth Bergner was originally cast in the role of Anna. When a Hutterite woman saw Bergner painting her nails and smoking, she became so incensed that she rushed up, knocked the cigarette from the actress's mouth and slapped her in the face. Powell had to make peace with the community and with the outraged star. Bergner later deserted the film, refusing to come back to Britain for the studio scenes. It is believed that, as an ex-German national, she feared for her life if the Nazis were to invade. Glynis Johns stepped in to replace Bergner, a rare instance of an established star standing in for a lesser-known actress. The initial long shots of Anna are of Bergner. For the scene where the Hutterites listen to Eric Portman's impassioned pro-Nazi speech, the actors were all \"hand picked faces\". Over half were refugees from Hitler. Notable crew members included David Lean as editor. Raymond Massey's brother Vincent Massey, then Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and future Governor General, read the prologue. Arthur Horman did a week's uncredited work on the script in Montreal, writing the Laurence Olivier and Raymond Massey sequences. He later wrote \"Desperate Journey\", which has a similar story. Ralph Vaughan Williams provided the stirring music, his first film score. It was directed by Muir Mathieson and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. Along with the credits for the actors before the title at the beginning of the film, there is a credit for 'The music of Ralph Vaughan Williams'. The film was meant to cost \u00a368,000 but ended up costing \u00a3132,000 of which the government provided less than \u00a360,000. The film was picked up by Columbia Pictures for a 1942 American release and retitled \"The Invaders\".", "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner. While performing in The Two Mrs. Carrolls during 1943 and 1944, Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity when the woman attempted to undermine her. Referring to her only as \"the terrible girl,\" Bergner related the events to Orr, who used it as the basis for her short story \"The Wisdom of Eve\" (1946). In the story, Orr gives the girl a more ruthless character and allows her to succeed in stealing the older actress' career. Bergner later confirmed the basis of the story in her autobiography Bewundert viel, und viel gescholten (Greatly Admired and Greatly Scolded). In 1949, Mankiewicz was considering a story about an aging actress and, upon reading \"The Wisdom of Eve,\" felt the conniving girl would be a useful added element. He sent a memo to Darryl F. Zanuck saying it \"fits in with an original idea [of mine] and can be combined. Superb starring role for Susan Hayward.\" Mankiewicz presented a film treatment of the combined stories under the title Best Performance. He changed the main character's name from Margola Cranston to Margo Channing and retained several of Orr's characters -- Eve Harrington, Lloyd and Karen Richards, and Miss Casswell -- while removing Margo Channing's husband completely and replacing him with a new character, Bill Sampson. The intention was to depict Channing in a new relationship and allow Eve Harrington to threaten both Channing's professional and personal lives. Mankiewicz also added the characters Addison DeWitt, Birdie Coonan, Max Fabian, and Phoebe.", "Mary Orr Mary Caswell Orr (December 21, 1910 \u2013 September 22, 2006) was an American actress and author whose short story \"The Wisdom of Eve\", published in the May 1946 issue of \"Cosmopolitan\", was the basis of the Academy Award-winning film \"All About Eve\" (1950). In private life, Orr used her married name, Mary Orr Denham. Orr was born in Brooklyn, New York. She and her family relocated to Canton, Ohio when she was a girl. She studied at Syracuse University and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Manhattan. According to Orr\u2019s obituary in the New York Times, \"The Wisdom of Eve\" was loosely based upon an unnamed woman who had been the secretary of Viennese actress Elisabeth Bergner. Orr wrote a radio adaptation that aired on NBC in 1949, and that led to the movie being made. While she did not receive screen credit for \"All About Eve\" (she had sold the story to Twentieth Century Fox for $5,000), she did receive a Screen Writers Guild award for her original story. An alternative hypothesis to the Martina Lawrence-Elizabeth Bergner origin was the rivalry between Tallulah Bankhead and Lizabeth Scott (her understudy) during the production of Thornton Wilder's \"The Skin of Our Teeth\". Broadway legend had it that Bankhead was being victimized by Scott, who was supposedly the real-life Eve Harrington. In 1964, Orr and her husband, director-playwright Reginald Denham, adapted the short story into a play of the same name, which was produced off-Broadway in 1979. In 1970, a hit Broadway musical, \"Applause\", was based on \"All About Eve\" and gave a credit to Mary Orr for the original story.", "As You Like It (1936 film) As You Like It is a 1936 British film, directed by Paul Czinner and starring Laurence Olivier as Orlando and Elisabeth Bergner as Rosalind. It is based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. It was Olivier's first performance of Shakespeare on screen. It was the final film of stage actors Leon Quartermaine and Henry Ainley, and featured an early screen role for Ainley's son Richard as Sylvius, as well as for John Laurie, who played Orlando's brother Oliver. (Laurie would go on to co-star with Olivier in the three Shakespearean films that Olivier directed.) Bergner had previously played the role of Rosalind in her native Germany and her German accent is apparent in most of her scenes. Duke Frederick (Felix Aylmer) has usurped and deposed his older brother, Duke Senior (Henry Ainley). Frederick allows the exiled Duke's daughter, Rosalind (Elisabeth Bergner), however, to stay, as she is the closest friend of his daughter, Celia (Sophie Stewart). Orlando (Laurence Olivier), who has been forced to flee his home due to the oppression from his brother, Oliver (John Laurie), comes to the Frederick's Duchy, and enters a wrestling tournament. On leaving the Duchy, Orlando encounters Rosalind, and it is love at first sight. Frederick then becomes angry, and banishes Rosalind. Celia decides to accompany her, along with a jester, Touchstone (Mackenzie Ward). Rosalind and Celia disguise themselves as \"Ganymede\", a boy, and \"Aliena\", respectively, and venture into the Forest of Arden, where they eventually encounter the exiled Duke. Orlando, deeply in love, posts love poems on the trees in praise of Rosalind.", "Elisabeth Bergner Elisabeth Bergner (22 August 1897 \u2013 12 May 1986) was an Austrian-British actress. Primarily a stage actress, her career flourished in Berlin and Paris, before she moved to London to work in films. Her signature role was Gemma Jones in \"Escape Me Never\", a play written for her by Margaret Kennedy. She played Gemma first in London, and then in the Broadway debut and a film version, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 1943, Bergner returned to Broadway in the play \"The Two Mrs. Carrolls\", for which she won the Distinguished Performance Medal from the Drama League. She was born Elisabeth Ettel in Drohobych, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Ukraine) to Anna Rosa (n\u00e9e Wagner) and Emil Ettel, a merchant. She grew up in a secular Jewish home. The Hebrew she heard in her childhood was associated with Yom Kippur and Pesach, and on her visits to Israel, she apologized for not knowing the language. She first acted on stage at age 14, and appeared in Innsbruck a year later. In Vienna at age 16, she toured Austrian and German provinces with a Shakespearean company. She worked as an artist's model, posing for sculptor Wilhelm Lehmbruck, who fell in love with her. She eventually moved to Munich and later Berlin. In 1923, she made her film debut in \"Der Evangelimann\". With the rise of Nazism, Bergner moved to London with director Paul Czinner, and they married in 1933. Her stage work in London included \"The Boy David\" (1936) by J. M. Barrie, his last play, which he wrote especially for her, and \"Escape Me Never\" by Margaret Kennedy. \""], "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#3", "question": "how did she try to undermind her?", "rewrite": "How did Martina Lawrence try to undermine Elisabeth Bergner?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mary Orr Mary Caswell Orr (December 21, 1910 \u2013 September 22, 2006) was an American actress and author whose short story \"The Wisdom of Eve\", published in the May 1946 issue of \"Cosmopolitan\", was the basis of the Academy Award-winning film \"All About Eve\" (1950). In private life, Orr used her married name, Mary Orr Denham. Orr was born in Brooklyn, New York. She and her family relocated to Canton, Ohio when she was a girl. She studied at Syracuse University and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Manhattan. According to Orr\u2019s obituary in the New York Times, \"The Wisdom of Eve\" was loosely based upon an unnamed woman who had been the secretary of Viennese actress Elisabeth Bergner. Orr wrote a radio adaptation that aired on NBC in 1949, and that led to the movie being made. While she did not receive screen credit for \"All About Eve\" (she had sold the story to Twentieth Century Fox for $5,000), she did receive a Screen Writers Guild award for her original story. An alternative hypothesis to the Martina Lawrence-Elizabeth Bergner origin was the rivalry between Tallulah Bankhead and Lizabeth Scott (her understudy) during the production of Thornton Wilder's \"The Skin of Our Teeth\". Broadway legend had it that Bankhead was being victimized by Scott, who was supposedly the real-life Eve Harrington. In 1964, Orr and her husband, director-playwright Reginald Denham, adapted the short story into a play of the same name, which was produced off-Broadway in 1979. In 1970, a hit Broadway musical, \"Applause\", was based on \"All About Eve\" and gave a credit to Mary Orr for the original story.", "Elisabeth Bergner Elisabeth Bergner (22 August 1897 \u2013 12 May 1986) was an Austrian-British actress. Primarily a stage actress, her career flourished in Berlin and Paris, before she moved to London to work in films. Her signature role was Gemma Jones in \"Escape Me Never\", a play written for her by Margaret Kennedy. She played Gemma first in London, and then in the Broadway debut and a film version, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 1943, Bergner returned to Broadway in the play \"The Two Mrs. Carrolls\", for which she won the Distinguished Performance Medal from the Drama League. She was born Elisabeth Ettel in Drohobych, Austro-Hungarian Empire (present-day Ukraine) to Anna Rosa (n\u00e9e Wagner) and Emil Ettel, a merchant. She grew up in a secular Jewish home. The Hebrew she heard in her childhood was associated with Yom Kippur and Pesach, and on her visits to Israel, she apologized for not knowing the language. She first acted on stage at age 14, and appeared in Innsbruck a year later. In Vienna at age 16, she toured Austrian and German provinces with a Shakespearean company. She worked as an artist's model, posing for sculptor Wilhelm Lehmbruck, who fell in love with her. She eventually moved to Munich and later Berlin. In 1923, she made her film debut in \"Der Evangelimann\". With the rise of Nazism, Bergner moved to London with director Paul Czinner, and they married in 1933. Her stage work in London included \"The Boy David\" (1936) by J. M. Barrie, his last play, which he wrote especially for her, and \"Escape Me Never\" by Margaret Kennedy. \"", "Elisabeth Bergner was originally cast in the role of Anna. When a Hutterite woman saw Bergner painting her nails and smoking, she became so incensed that she rushed up, knocked the cigarette from the actress's mouth and slapped her in the face. Powell had to make peace with the community and with the outraged star. Bergner later deserted the film, refusing to come back to Britain for the studio scenes. It is believed that, as an ex-German national, she feared for her life if the Nazis were to invade. Glynis Johns stepped in to replace Bergner, a rare instance of an established star standing in for a lesser-known actress. The initial long shots of Anna are of Bergner. For the scene where the Hutterites listen to Eric Portman's impassioned pro-Nazi speech, the actors were all \"hand picked faces\". Over half were refugees from Hitler. Notable crew members included David Lean as editor. Raymond Massey's brother Vincent Massey, then Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and future Governor General, read the prologue. Arthur Horman did a week's uncredited work on the script in Montreal, writing the Laurence Olivier and Raymond Massey sequences. He later wrote \"Desperate Journey\", which has a similar story. Ralph Vaughan Williams provided the stirring music, his first film score. It was directed by Muir Mathieson and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra. Along with the credits for the actors before the title at the beginning of the film, there is a credit for 'The music of Ralph Vaughan Williams'. The film was meant to cost \u00a368,000 but ended up costing \u00a3132,000 of which the government provided less than \u00a360,000. The film was picked up by Columbia Pictures for a 1942 American release and retitled \"The Invaders\".", "As You Like It (1936 film) As You Like It is a 1936 British film, directed by Paul Czinner and starring Laurence Olivier as Orlando and Elisabeth Bergner as Rosalind. It is based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name. It was Olivier's first performance of Shakespeare on screen. It was the final film of stage actors Leon Quartermaine and Henry Ainley, and featured an early screen role for Ainley's son Richard as Sylvius, as well as for John Laurie, who played Orlando's brother Oliver. (Laurie would go on to co-star with Olivier in the three Shakespearean films that Olivier directed.) Bergner had previously played the role of Rosalind in her native Germany and her German accent is apparent in most of her scenes. Duke Frederick (Felix Aylmer) has usurped and deposed his older brother, Duke Senior (Henry Ainley). Frederick allows the exiled Duke's daughter, Rosalind (Elisabeth Bergner), however, to stay, as she is the closest friend of his daughter, Celia (Sophie Stewart). Orlando (Laurence Olivier), who has been forced to flee his home due to the oppression from his brother, Oliver (John Laurie), comes to the Frederick's Duchy, and enters a wrestling tournament. On leaving the Duchy, Orlando encounters Rosalind, and it is love at first sight. Frederick then becomes angry, and banishes Rosalind. Celia decides to accompany her, along with a jester, Touchstone (Mackenzie Ward). Rosalind and Celia disguise themselves as \"Ganymede\", a boy, and \"Aliena\", respectively, and venture into the Forest of Arden, where they eventually encounter the exiled Duke. Orlando, deeply in love, posts love poems on the trees in praise of Rosalind.", "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner. While performing in The Two Mrs. Carrolls during 1943 and 1944, Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity when the woman attempted to undermine her. Referring to her only as \"the terrible girl,\" Bergner related the events to Orr, who used it as the basis for her short story \"The Wisdom of Eve\" (1946). In the story, Orr gives the girl a more ruthless character and allows her to succeed in stealing the older actress' career. Bergner later confirmed the basis of the story in her autobiography Bewundert viel, und viel gescholten (Greatly Admired and Greatly Scolded). In 1949, Mankiewicz was considering a story about an aging actress and, upon reading \"The Wisdom of Eve,\" felt the conniving girl would be a useful added element. He sent a memo to Darryl F. Zanuck saying it \"fits in with an original idea [of mine] and can be combined. Superb starring role for Susan Hayward.\" Mankiewicz presented a film treatment of the combined stories under the title Best Performance. He changed the main character's name from Margola Cranston to Margo Channing and retained several of Orr's characters -- Eve Harrington, Lloyd and Karen Richards, and Miss Casswell -- while removing Margo Channing's husband completely and replacing him with a new character, Bill Sampson. The intention was to depict Channing in a new relationship and allow Eve Harrington to threaten both Channing's professional and personal lives. Mankiewicz also added the characters Addison DeWitt, Birdie Coonan, Max Fabian, and Phoebe."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#4", "question": "who was a part of the development?", "rewrite": "who was a part of the development in All About Eve?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The use of drugs was admitted as a social reality and the abstinence paradigm (the general condemnation of people using illegalized drugs) was classified as out of touch with reality. Therefore, in the year 2000 a team of authors called \"techno-netzwerk berlin\" developed the \"Drug-Checking-Konzept f\u00fcr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland\" (Concept of Drug Checking for the Federal Republic of Germany) addressed to the German \"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Gesundheit\" (Federal Ministry of Health) , co-authored to a large degree by Eve & Rave Berlin. After Eve & Rave Berlin, NRW and Kassel had stopped their activities, only Eve & Rave M\u00fcnster and Eve & Rave (Schweiz) remained active. Eve & Rave e. V. Berlin (eve&rave Berlin) was founded at 12 October 1994 and persists until 21 March 2011. From February 1995 to September 1996 Eve & Rave Berlin was organising so called drug-checking-desks on techno parties, where people could check the mixture and the amount of active ingredients of their drugs. Eve & Rave Berlin has published several booklets and flyers and was provider of a homepage (\"www.eve-rave.net\"). Eve & Rave Kassel (eve&rave Kassel) and its homepage (\"www.eve-rave-kassel.de\" and \"www.eve-rave.org\") persists only a short time. Because of loss of members the activities were stopped in November 2003. \" Since May 2015 the former internet domain of Eve & Rave Kassel \"eve-rave.org\" is now used by Eve & Rave M\u00fcnster.\" Eve & Rave M\u00fcnster (eve&rave M\u00fcnster) was founded in 1996 as a project of the \"AIDS-Hilfe M\u00fcnster e. V.\"", "The Three Faces of Eve The Three Faces of Eve is a 1957 American mystery drama film presented in CinemaScope, based on the book of the same name about the life of Chris Costner Sizemore, which was written by psychiatrists Corbett H. Thigpen and Hervey M. Cleckley, who also helped write the screenplay. Sizemore, also known as Eve White, was a woman they suggested might have dissociative identity disorder (then known as multiple personality disorder). Sizemore's identity was concealed in interviews about this film and was not revealed to the public until 1977. The film was directed by Nunnally Johnson. Joanne Woodward won the Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first actress to win an Oscar for portraying three personalities (Eve White, Eve Black, and Jane). \"The Three Faces of Eve\" also became the first film since 1936 to win the Best Actress award without getting nominated in another category after Bette Davis won for \"Dangerous\" (1935). In 1951, Eve White is a timid, self-effacing wife and mother who has severe and blinding headaches and occasional blackouts. Eventually she is sent to see personality psychiatrist Dr. Luther, and while having a conversation, a \"new personality\", the wild, fun-loving Eve Black, emerges. Eve Black knows everything about Eve White, but Eve White is unaware of Eve Black. Eve White is sent to a hospital for observation after Eve Black tries to kill Eve White's daughter, Bonnie. When Eve is released, her husband finds a job in another state and leaves her in a boarding house, while Bonnie lives with Eve's parents. When Eve White's husband returns, he tells her that he doesn't believe she has multiple personalities and tries to take her back to Jacksonville, Florida, with him", "They are involved in a hit and run accident, which results in the death of their headmistress, Miss Strickland. Marc was the one driving but Eve keeps a cool head and encourages the gang to lie about the accident. In 2002, Eve continues to keep the web of lies going until Marc confesses and is imprisoned. Eve and the other teenagers are given community service. Eve\u2019s true colours come to her grandmother's attention when Eve kicks Edna's Yorkshire terrier, Batley. Edna is shocked and sends Eve to live with her great-aunt, Lily Butterfield (Anne Charleston). In October 2006, Edna, with escort Tom King (Ken Farrington), attends Eve's wedding to James Jenson. During this time, Edna confides in Tom that Eve is actually Lily's granddaughter, as Lily is Peter Birch's birth mother. In April 2010, Eve returns to Emmerdale to stay with Edna after leaving James, who is in debt. Edna discovers that Eve had slept with James's best friend and warns her not to take advantage of her kindness. On discovering Eve is back in the village, Andy and Katie make it clear that Eve is not welcome but she shows up at Ryan Lamb (James Sutton) and Andy's house warming party regardless and kisses Ryan just as a disgusted Katie, Ryan's ex-girlfriend, arrives. Ryan and Eve sleep together but the following day, Eve tells Ryan that she isn't interested in a relationship. By May, Edna is frustrated with Eve's excuses for not being able to find a job. Edna asks Moira Barton (Natalie J. Robb) if her husband John (James Thornton) has any work and she starts work at Butler's Farm as a farmhand. Eve admits to Moira that she is interested in John, much to Moira's annoyance.", "Leecia Eve Leecia Roberta Eve is an attorney from New York with experience in federal government, state government, and the private sector who currently works as a lobbyist for the telecommunications giant, Verizon. Born in Buffalo, Eve was a candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York during the 2006 election. After working for U.S. Sen. Hillary Clinton, Eve served as a senior advisor during Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign. From 2011 to 2013, she was Deputy Secretary for Economic Development in the Executive Chamber of New York Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. She was appointed to the Board of Commissioners of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in July 2017. Eve ran for Attorney General of New York in 2018, but was defeated in the Democratic primary. An African-American native of Buffalo, New York, Eve is the daughter of former Deputy Assembly Speaker Arthur Eve and Constance Eve. Eve is a graduate of Smith College, The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and Harvard Law School. Following her law school graduation, she clerked for New York Court of Appeals Judge Fritz W. Alexander II. Eve eventually became a partner at the Hodgson Russ law firm, and also worked as an aide to U.S. Sens. Joseph Biden and Hillary Clinton. After working as Senate Counsel and Homeland Security Advisor to Clinton, Eve served as a senior policy adviser to during Clinton's 2008 primary campaign for President. In January 2011, Eve was appointed by Governor Andrew Cuomo to serve as Senior Vice President of the Empire State Development Corporation (ESDC). In October 2011, Governor Cuomo appointed her to serve as his Deputy Secretary for Economic Development. On July 12, 2017, Eve was appointed by Gov. Cuomo to the Board of Commissioners of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.", "Eve's life is shattered when Paige is murdered by a serial killer known as the Neck-tie killer, who is later revealed to be Ben Rogers. This prompts Paige's estranged father and Eve's ex-husband Eduardo Larson to come to Salem in the hope of consoling Eve through her grief but Eve is still resentful towards him for abandoning her and Paige years previously. She is even more angered to learn that Eduardo is the father of Rafe and Gabi Hernandez, who are part of another family Eduardo left before he met Eve. Eve begins a relationship with Justin Kiriakis who helped console Eve after Paige's death, when Eduardo wants to set up a music program in Paige's name at the community center, he asks Eve to run it and she accepts. Eve takes a particular interest in Claire Brady, one of her students and believes she possesses great talent as a singer. Eve starts indulging much of her time with Claire much to the annoyance of her mother Belle Brady, who believes Eve is using Claire as a surrogate daughter to replace Paige. When Eve gets Claire an audition for a place at Juilliard School for the performing arts in New York City, she and Claire sneak off to New York without Belle's permission. Claire returns soon after and reveals that she did not get a place in Juilliard but Eve does not return with her and her Whereabouts remain unknown until her sister Theresa reveals that she is no longer living in Salem when talking about her upcoming wedding to her fianc\u00e9e Brady Black. Eve returns several months later for Theresa's bachelorette party and wedding. However, before the wedding starts the party is invaded by former Salem criminal Orpheus who grabs Eve and holds her at gunpoint. She and several other guests are released when Paul Narita takes her place as a hostage."], "answer": {"text": "Zanuck was enthusiastic and provided numerous suggestions for improving the screenplay.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she try to undermind her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#5", "question": "was anyone else involved?", "rewrite": "Besides Zanuck, was anyone else involved in the development of All About Eve?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The movie, released as \"At The Front\" with Zanuck credited as producer, was poorly received in the States, called amateurish, dull, and even lacking in realism, prompting the affronted Zanuck to counter in \"The New York Times\" that he had resisted the temptation to stage events for a more convincing film. Unfortunately, this controversy landed Zanuck into a Senate subcommittee headed by Senator Harry S. Truman, investigating \"instant\" colonels who were popping up and concentrating on famous Hollywood names. Unlike Col. Warner, most colonels from the studio system\u2014Col. Frank Capra, Col. Anatole Litvak, Col. Hal Roach\u2014were actually doing their cinematic jobs, often, like Zanuck, under enemy fire. Nonetheless, when Col. Zanuck was named in this investigation in 1944, the usually combative mogul uncharacteristically and abruptly resigned his commission and left the Army. Biographer Leonard Mosley suggests this to be because of an inadvertent security leak when Zanuck had mentioned a top-secret, brand new, massively powerful bomb the size of a \"golf ball\" to a fellow officer from his Hollywood world. Whatever the reason, despite having published his own first-person account of his wartime adventures (\"The New York Times\" critic Bosley Crowther actually liked this book better than the film), he resigned. Zanuck returned to 20th Century-Fox in 1944 a changed man. He avoided the studio and instead read books at home, surrounded by his growing family, and caught up on all the films he had missed while overseas in his private screening room. He did not return to take the reins until William Goetz, the man Zanuck had left in charge when he went off to war, left for a job at Universal.", "Richard D. Zanuck Richard Darryl Zanuck (December 13, 1934 \u2013 July 13, 2012) was an American film producer. His 1989 film \"Driving Miss Daisy\" won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Zanuck was also instrumental in launching the careers of directors Tim Burton and Steven Spielberg, who described Zanuck as a \"director's producer\" and \"one of the most honorable and loyal men of our profession.\" Richard Darryl Zanuck was born in Los Angeles, to actress Virginia Fox and Darryl F. Zanuck, then head of production for 20th Century Fox. While studying at Stanford University, he began his career in the film industry working for the 20th Century Fox story department. In 1959, Zanuck had his first shot at producing with the film \"Compulsion\". In the 1960s, Zanuck became the president of 20th Century Fox. One year of his tenure was chronicled by John Gregory Dunne in \"The Studio\". After failures like 1967's \"Doctor Dolittle\", he was fired by his father and joined Warner Bros. as Executive Vice President. In 1972, Zanuck joined with David Brown to form an independent production company called the Zanuck/Brown Company at Universal Pictures. The two men produced a pair of Steven Spielberg's early films, \"The Sugarland Express\" (1974) and \"Jaws\" (1975). They subsequently produced such box office hits as \"Cocoon\" (1985) and \"Driving Miss Daisy\" (1989) before dissolving their partnership in 1988. They were jointly awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1990.", "Dean Zanuck Dean Francis Zanuck (born August 11, 1972) is an American production executive and film producer. He was born on August 11, 1972 in Los Angeles. His father was Richard D. Zanuck (1934\u20132012), a film producer, and his mother, Linda Melson Harrison, an actress. His paternal grandfather was Darryl F. Zanuck, film producer and 20th Century Fox co-founder; his paternal grandmother was silent actress Virginia Fox (1902\u20131982), Darryl Zanuck's wife for fifty-five years. Zanuck has been an executive at The Zanuck Company for thirteen years. In 2002 he formed a new division, Zanuck Independent, specifically for the development and production of independent movies. In 2002 Zanuck married Marisa, a real estate agent who later featured on some episodes in 2013 of the reality TV series \" The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills\". The Zanucks lived together in Beverly Hills, California, until Marisa filed for divorce in February 2016. They have one son, Jack, and a daughter, Darryl.", "Weather and Society Integrated Studies Weather and Society Integrated Studies (WAS*IS) is an international movement that is changing the weather enterprise by integrating social science into meteorological research and practice. WAS*IS was formed to build an interdisciplinary community of practitioners, researchers and decision makers collaborating to effectively understand how to improve weather warnings, incorporate societal impacts into weather forecasts, and use social science tools and methods. WAS*IS is changing the culture from what WAS to what IS the future of integrated studies WAS*IS has 276 representatives from the United States, Canada, China, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Finland, the Netherlands, and numerous Caribbean countries. WAS*ISers come from many parts of the weather enterprise, including meteorology, emergency management, hydrology, geography, climatology, psychology, sociology, economics, ecology, education and anthropology. Workshops were held in Boulder, Colorado on August 8\u201315, 2008, August 6\u201314, 2009, August 5\u201313, 2010, and August 4\u201312, 2011. An advanced workshop was held in Norman, Oklahoma September 15\u201317, 2008. The first WAS*IS Caribbean was held June 6\u201310, 2010 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. WAS*IS was established in 2005 at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) located in Boulder, Colorado. WAS*IS was founded by Dr. Eve Gruntfest, a geographer at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, and Julie Demuth, an atmospheric scientist at NCAR, as part of NCAR's Societal Impacts Program. Dr. Gruntfest was inspired by the comments of physical scientists she met during her career who were interested in integrating meteorology and social science but were unsure how to do the work, and did not know anyone else involved in societal impacts research or practice.", "He worked with Tim Burton six times, producing Burton's adaptation of \"Planet of the Apes\" (2001), \"Big Fish\" (2003), \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" (2005), \"\" (2007), \"Alice in Wonderland\" (2010), and \"Dark Shadows\" (2012). He and Burton connected immediately, and Zanuck was Burton's producer of choice. In a May 2012 interview, Zanuck told \"Variety\": \"A producer should contribute from the very beginning until the very end, in all aspects. I'm there at the set every day, on every shot. Not that the director, particularly Tim [Burton], needs me, but just in case.\" Zanuck married three times. On January 14, 1958, he married Lili Charlene Gentle (b. March 4, 1940), an actress from Birmingham, Alabama, and second cousin of Tallulah Bankhead. The marriage, which produced two daughters, Virginia Lorraine Zanuck (born 1959) and Janet Beverly Zanuck (born 1960), was dissolved in 1968. On October 26, 1969, Zanuck and his prot\u00e9g\u00e9, actress Linda Harrison, together with his friend, producer Sy Bartlett, and Harrison's sister Kay, flew to Las Vegas, where Zanuck married Harrison on a balcony of the Sands Hotel. The marriage became difficult after Harrison failed to garner the role of the wife in Zanuck's production of Jaws."], "answer": {"text": "he felt Mankiewicz's writing lacked subtlety or provided excessive detail.", "answer_start": 106}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she try to undermind her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was a part of the development?", "answer": {"text": "Zanuck was enthusiastic and provided numerous suggestions for improving the screenplay.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#6", "question": "were there any problems with development?", "rewrite": "Did Zanuck find any problems in the development of All About Eve?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard D. Zanuck Richard Darryl Zanuck (December 13, 1934 \u2013 July 13, 2012) was an American film producer. His 1989 film \"Driving Miss Daisy\" won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Zanuck was also instrumental in launching the careers of directors Tim Burton and Steven Spielberg, who described Zanuck as a \"director's producer\" and \"one of the most honorable and loyal men of our profession.\" Richard Darryl Zanuck was born in Los Angeles, to actress Virginia Fox and Darryl F. Zanuck, then head of production for 20th Century Fox. While studying at Stanford University, he began his career in the film industry working for the 20th Century Fox story department. In 1959, Zanuck had his first shot at producing with the film \"Compulsion\". In the 1960s, Zanuck became the president of 20th Century Fox. One year of his tenure was chronicled by John Gregory Dunne in \"The Studio\". After failures like 1967's \"Doctor Dolittle\", he was fired by his father and joined Warner Bros. as Executive Vice President. In 1972, Zanuck joined with David Brown to form an independent production company called the Zanuck/Brown Company at Universal Pictures. The two men produced a pair of Steven Spielberg's early films, \"The Sugarland Express\" (1974) and \"Jaws\" (1975). They subsequently produced such box office hits as \"Cocoon\" (1985) and \"Driving Miss Daisy\" (1989) before dissolving their partnership in 1988. They were jointly awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 1990.", "Dean Zanuck Dean Francis Zanuck (born August 11, 1972) is an American production executive and film producer. He was born on August 11, 1972 in Los Angeles. His father was Richard D. Zanuck (1934\u20132012), a film producer, and his mother, Linda Melson Harrison, an actress. His paternal grandfather was Darryl F. Zanuck, film producer and 20th Century Fox co-founder; his paternal grandmother was silent actress Virginia Fox (1902\u20131982), Darryl Zanuck's wife for fifty-five years. Zanuck has been an executive at The Zanuck Company for thirteen years. In 2002 he formed a new division, Zanuck Independent, specifically for the development and production of independent movies. In 2002 Zanuck married Marisa, a real estate agent who later featured on some episodes in 2013 of the reality TV series \" The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills\". The Zanucks lived together in Beverly Hills, California, until Marisa filed for divorce in February 2016. They have one son, Jack, and a daughter, Darryl.", "He worked with Tim Burton six times, producing Burton's adaptation of \"Planet of the Apes\" (2001), \"Big Fish\" (2003), \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\" (2005), \"\" (2007), \"Alice in Wonderland\" (2010), and \"Dark Shadows\" (2012). He and Burton connected immediately, and Zanuck was Burton's producer of choice. In a May 2012 interview, Zanuck told \"Variety\": \"A producer should contribute from the very beginning until the very end, in all aspects. I'm there at the set every day, on every shot. Not that the director, particularly Tim [Burton], needs me, but just in case.\" Zanuck married three times. On January 14, 1958, he married Lili Charlene Gentle (b. March 4, 1940), an actress from Birmingham, Alabama, and second cousin of Tallulah Bankhead. The marriage, which produced two daughters, Virginia Lorraine Zanuck (born 1959) and Janet Beverly Zanuck (born 1960), was dissolved in 1968. On October 26, 1969, Zanuck and his prot\u00e9g\u00e9, actress Linda Harrison, together with his friend, producer Sy Bartlett, and Harrison's sister Kay, flew to Las Vegas, where Zanuck married Harrison on a balcony of the Sands Hotel. The marriage became difficult after Harrison failed to garner the role of the wife in Zanuck's production of Jaws.", "The movie, released as \"At The Front\" with Zanuck credited as producer, was poorly received in the States, called amateurish, dull, and even lacking in realism, prompting the affronted Zanuck to counter in \"The New York Times\" that he had resisted the temptation to stage events for a more convincing film. Unfortunately, this controversy landed Zanuck into a Senate subcommittee headed by Senator Harry S. Truman, investigating \"instant\" colonels who were popping up and concentrating on famous Hollywood names. Unlike Col. Warner, most colonels from the studio system\u2014Col. Frank Capra, Col. Anatole Litvak, Col. Hal Roach\u2014were actually doing their cinematic jobs, often, like Zanuck, under enemy fire. Nonetheless, when Col. Zanuck was named in this investigation in 1944, the usually combative mogul uncharacteristically and abruptly resigned his commission and left the Army. Biographer Leonard Mosley suggests this to be because of an inadvertent security leak when Zanuck had mentioned a top-secret, brand new, massively powerful bomb the size of a \"golf ball\" to a fellow officer from his Hollywood world. Whatever the reason, despite having published his own first-person account of his wartime adventures (\"The New York Times\" critic Bosley Crowther actually liked this book better than the film), he resigned. Zanuck returned to 20th Century-Fox in 1944 a changed man. He avoided the studio and instead read books at home, surrounded by his growing family, and caught up on all the films he had missed while overseas in his private screening room. He did not return to take the reins until William Goetz, the man Zanuck had left in charge when he went off to war, left for a job at Universal.", "In November 1937, Zanuck's perennial emissary Gregory Ratoff brought Preminger the news that Zanuck had selected him to direct \"Kidnapped\", which was to be the most expensive feature to date for Twentieth Century-Fox. Zanuck himself had adapted the Robert Louis Stevenson novel. After reading Zanuck's script, Preminger knew he was in trouble since he would be a foreign director directing in a foreign setting. During the shooting of \"Kidnapped\", while screening footage of the film with Zanuck, the studio head accused Preminger of making changes in a scene; in particular, one with child actor Freddie Bartholomew and a dog. Preminger, composed at first, explained, claiming he shot the scene exactly as written. Zanuck insisted that he knew his own script. The confrontation escalated and ended with Preminger exiting the office and slamming the door. Days later, the lock to Preminger's office was changed, and his name was removed from the door. Later, a representative of Zanuck offered Preminger a buyout deal which he rejected : Preminger wanted to be paid for the remaining eleven months of his two-year contract. He searched for work at other studios, but received no offers \u2013 only two years after his arrival in Hollywood, he was unemployed in the film industry. He returned to New York, and began to re-focus on the stage. Success came quickly on Broadway for Preminger, with long-running productions, including \"Outward Bound\" with Laurette Taylor and Vincent Price, \"My Dear Children\" with John and Elaine Barrymore and \"Margin for Error\", in which Preminger played a shiny-domed villainous Nazi. Preminger was offered a teaching position at the Yale School of Drama and began commuting twice a week to Connecticut to lecture on directing and acting."], "answer": {"text": "He suggested diluting Birdie Coonan's jealousy of Eve so the audience would not recognize Eve as a villain until much later in the story.", "answer_start": 181}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she try to undermind her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was a part of the development?", "answer": {"text": "Zanuck was enthusiastic and provided numerous suggestions for improving the screenplay.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was anyone else involved?", "answer": {"text": "he felt Mankiewicz's writing lacked subtlety or provided excessive detail.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#7", "question": "did it need to be rewritten?", "rewrite": "Did the story of All About Eve need to be rewritten?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\u0160trajk mozga \u0160trajk mozga (Mind on strike) is the fifth studio album by Bosnian hip-hop star Edo Maajka, released on April 21, 2012. Edo explained in an interview that the title refers to the escape from \"norms, media, parents, religion and everything else that takes you away from yourself\". The first single was \"Ima\u0161 li ti \u0161ta para\", followed by \"Panika\", for which a music video was released, and the third single \"D\u017eigera beat\" was released on April 19, 2012. The majority of the album, if not the core of the album was done over the internet with Edo Maajka and his producers exchanging files electronically. Edo Maajka explained in an interview that he already had some songs ready which he made with the band, but after he realized he had to do most of the album of the internet, he gave up those songs and started to select beats to work on new songs. After he assembled a lot of the beats, he started to write and work on those beats. Edo Maajka further states that after he recorded some, he got the arrangement for the song then he worked with Miro Vidovi\u0107 of Morris Studio over Skype to finalize the arrangement and mixing of the songs. \" Basically it is a lot of mails, Skype and uploaded songs\" says Edo Maajka. An\u0111elo Jurkas of Hot Night HR gave the album 8 out of the 10. Furthermore, he stated that the beats from Billain, Koolade, Smak, Dasha and Goce were \"superb\", and that Edo Maajka with his lyrics was in a \"good mood, playful, focused, sharp as the toughest days\".", "The protagonist is Joel Abramowitz, a compassionate but flawed psychoanalyst who inadvertently becomes involved in the disappearance of one woman and the murder of another. \"There\u2019s More Than One Way Home \" is a retelling of \"Anna Karenina\" set in contemporary San Francisco. The novel features an autistic son, and is an addition to the new genre of \"autism lit.\" \"He Could Be Another Bill Gates\", is a sequel to \"There's More Than One Way Home\", and features the same main characters five years later.", "Unfinished (How I Met Your Mother) \"Unfinished\" is the third episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 115th episode overall. It aired on October 4, 2010. Future Ted states that during his early years as a professor, he had a simple goal: to give a lecture that would change someone's life. Ted believes he accomplished that goal, and recalls the story. The story begins when Ted is just beginning a lecture. He takes an airplane out of his pocket, but Future Ted decides to go back in time a couple days earlier, when Barney surprises Ted one day by telling him that Goliath National Bank is reconsidering Ted's design of the new GNB building that had been scrapped before. Ted is intrigued, but decides he doesn't want to work for GNB, with he and Marshall likening them to the Galactic Empire. Barney seems to accept this, but later is seen to be ignoring Ted. Ted realizes Barney is playing him like he would a hot girl, as Barney really does want Ted to design the building. Barney's attempts to \"woo\" Ted seem to be working, as Ted finds himself wanting to accept the job more and more. Finally, Barney tells Ted they have already accepted another offer, with Marshall backing up his claim. Ted goes to Barney and offers to do the job at half price, but Marshall reveals they hadn't accepted another offer, only pretending to do so to convince Ted even more. Shocked that Barney and Marshall had lied to him , Ted declines the offer again. Meanwhile, Robin reveals she may not have gotten over her relationship with Don as easily as everyone thought; having seen him on TV for a news show in Chicago, she ends up drunk dialing him and leaving angry messages.", "Meanwhile, Ted tells Janet that his girlfriend Marjorie broke up with him and returned to her home in Seattle, hiding the truth from her, and in an attempt at comforting her brother, Janet invites him to stay with them. Shaken and fearful of hurting them, Ted declines and Janet, Brett and Thor leave before the sun starts to set, at Ted's insistence. The next day, there is an investigation going on in the woods near Ted's trailer where the mangled bodies of several missing hikers and a Forest Ranger were found. Under fear of being found guilty, Ted calls Janet and tells her he's changed his mind. He parks his trailer in her yard in the hopes that in being near his family, he'll be able to control himself. However, Thor is aware of Ted's nature and becomes suspicious and eventually hostile towards him. Noticing that he goes out to \"jog\" at night with handcuffs, Thor becomes frenzied until Janet lets him out of the house. Tracking his scent, Thor follows Ted into the woods and finds him turned into a werewolf and tied to a tree while growling, clawing and trying to escape. Meanwhile, Janet starts looking for Thor and goes into the woods. Aware of her danger, Thor manages to find and distract her back to the house before she finds Ted. The next day while making breakfast, Janet sees on TV the news coverage on the killings and confronts her brother about not telling her his true reasons for visiting her and invites him to stay permanently. While Brett is watching \"Werewolf of London\" (mistakenly confused for \"The Wolf Man\"), he and Ted discuss werewolves and their existence, with Ted stating that it doesn't take a full moon to start the transformation and that he has \"been acquainted with a few in his time\" and Brett states that werewolves don't exist.", "San Sebasti\u00e1n de Urab\u00e1 San Sebasti\u00e1n de Urab\u00e1 was the first settlement established by Spaniards in the area of the Dari\u00e9n Gap in Colombia. This fortified settlement was founded on 20 January 1510 by Alonso de Ojeda on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Urab\u00e1, in what is today part of the territory of the department of Antioquia, Colombia. Towards the end of 1509, Alonso de Ojeda arrived in the Dari\u00e9n Gap as governor of the province of New Andalusia which included the Dari\u00e9n Gap. He was commanding an expedition that left Hispaniola, made up of 300 men, with which he founded the settlement of San Sebasti\u00e1n de Urab\u00e1, near the present locality of Necocl\u00ed, Antioquia. The native inhabitants were hostile to the Spaniards. They refused to trade food with them and frequently attacked them. Eight months after Ojeda left Hispaniola and founded San Sebasti\u00e1n, the situation in the fort was no longer tenable. Of the 300 men who had initially arrived with Ojeda only 42 survivors remained in the settlement."], "answer": {"text": "Zanuck reduced the screenplay by about 50 pages", "answer_start": 319}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she try to undermind her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was a part of the development?", "answer": {"text": "Zanuck was enthusiastic and provided numerous suggestions for improving the screenplay.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was anyone else involved?", "answer": {"text": "he felt Mankiewicz's writing lacked subtlety or provided excessive detail.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were there any problems with development?", "answer": {"text": "He suggested diluting Birdie Coonan's jealousy of Eve so the audience would not recognize Eve as a villain until much later in the story.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#8", "question": "how many was it before?", "rewrite": "Before being rewritten, how many pages was in All About Eve?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Multiple versions of its many pages were created and its prose then polished over several drafts, with the author occasionally telephoning friends at 2:00 a.m. to solicit opinions on his newly written passages. Many pages and illustrations were cut from the finished work as he sought to maintain a sense of ambiguity to the story's theme and messages. Included among the deletions in its 17th chapter were references to locales in New York, such as the Rockefeller Center and Long Island. Other deleted pages described the prince's vegetarian diet and the garden on his home asteroid that included beans, radishes, potatoes and tomatoes, but which lacked fruit trees that might have overwhelmed the prince's planetoid. Deleted chapters discussed visits to other asteroids occupied by a retailer brimming with marketing phrases, and an inventor whose creation could produce any object desired at a touch of its controls. Likely the result of the ongoing war in Europe weighing on Saint-Exup\u00e9ry's shoulders, the author produced a sombre three-page epilogue lamenting \" On one star someone has lost a friend, on another someone is ill, on another someone is at war...\", with the story's pilot-narrator noting of The Prince: \"he sees all that. . . . For him, the night is hopeless. And for me, his friend, the night is also hopeless.\" The draft epilogue was also omitted from the novella's printing. In April 2012 a Parisian auction house announced the discovery of two previously unknown draft manuscript pages that included new text. In the newly discovered material the Prince meets his first Earthling after his arrival. The person he meets is an \"ambassador of the human spirit\".", "Page modifications are the arrival of the customers, and switch-over times are the interval between page accesses to a single Web site. Under this model, mean waiting time for a customer in the polling system is equivalent to the average age for the Web crawler. The objective of the crawler is to keep the average freshness of pages in its collection as high as possible, or to keep the average age of pages as low as possible. These objectives are not equivalent: in the first case, the crawler is just concerned with how many pages are out-dated, while in the second case, the crawler is concerned with how old the local copies of pages are. Two simple re-visiting policies were studied by Cho and Garcia-Molina: In both cases, the repeated crawling order of pages can be done either in a random or a fixed order. Cho and Garcia-Molina proved the surprising result that, in terms of average freshness, the uniform policy outperforms the proportional policy in both a simulated Web and a real Web crawl. Intuitively, the reasoning is that, as web crawlers have a limit to how many pages they can crawl in a given time frame, (1) they will allocate too many new crawls to rapidly changing pages at the expense of less frequently updating pages, and (2) the freshness of rapidly changing pages lasts for shorter period than that of less frequently changing pages. In other words, a proportional policy allocates more resources to crawling frequently updating pages, but experiences less overall freshness time from them. To improve freshness, the crawler should penalize the elements that change too often. The optimal re-visiting policy is neither the uniform policy nor the proportional policy.", "Working set Working set is a concept in computer science which defines the amount of memory that a process requires in a given time interval. Peter Denning (1968) defines \u201cthe working set of information formula_1 of a process at time formula_2 to be the collection of information referenced by the process during the process time interval formula_3\u201d. Typically the units of information in question are considered to be memory pages. This is suggested to be an approximation of the set of pages that the process will access in the future (say during the next formula_4 time units), and more specifically is suggested to be an indication of what pages ought to be kept in main memory to allow most progress to be made in the execution of that process. The effect of the choice of what pages to be kept in main memory (as distinct from being \"paged out\" to auxiliary storage) is important: if too many pages of a process are kept in main memory, then fewer other processes can be ready at any one time. If too few pages of a process are kept in main memory, then the page fault frequency is greatly increased and the number of active (non-suspended) processes currently executing in the system approaches zero. The working set model states that a process can be in RAM if and only if all of the pages that it is currently using (often approximated by the most recently used pages) can be in RAM. The model is an all or nothing model, meaning if the pages it needs to use increases, and there is no room in RAM, the process is swapped out of memory to free the memory for other processes to use. Often a heavily loaded computer has so many processes queued up that, if all the processes were allowed to run for one scheduling time slice, they would refer to more pages than there is RAM, causing the computer to \"thrash\".", "In 2007, WeRelate and the University of South Florida's Africana Heritage Project launched a research project on slave genealogy, supported by South Carolina's Magnolia Plantation Foundation, including the resulting data in the global genealogy collection. WeRelate allows users to upload GEDCOMs. The system produces a comparison screen for likely candidates, allowing users to determine if subjects are the same person. Duplicate pages for common ancestors can be merged at upload. Information about living people is not accepted; it is automatically replaced by the software with the word \"Living\". Registered users are able to document their research, which can then be edited by anyone else. WeRelate has over 926,000 Source pages which contain reference and access information along with relevant links. Source pages also provide space for review and research tips. Users may link Person and Family pages to any relevant source pages. Users may also create MySource pages for references relevant to only their research such as family bibles, birth, death and marriage certificates. Scans of documentation may be attached to any relevant page. Place information is essential to genealogical research. WeRelate has over 900,000 referenced place pages. Where applicable, Place pages are linked to Family History Library Catalog, and Wikipedia. Where geographic coordinates are available, a Google map is provided. Many pages also include timelines, population history, contained places, history, research tips and images. Compared to other projects that let people publish and share similar data, WeRelate focuses on sourcing files with links to primary genealogy records, and rather than letting users maintain separate personal family trees, aims to align data from different sources into a unified global record. WeRelate includes a family tree explorer, annotated images for sharing images of primary source documents or photos, and generates pedigree maps of up to five generations of data.", "These gatherings could include as many pages as the bookbinder chose, however there were usually relatively few to prevent the gathering from becoming too bulky. An alternative method was to fold a very large sheet of paper repeatedly to create many pages, then slit three of the four sides with a knife to create a sheaf of pages (Hamel 39). Many gatherings were sown together though pre-punched holes known as sowing stations. The pattern of sowing stations and the use of the thread was what determined the structure of the binding. Because scribes and artists often needed access to the entire sheets of paper to do their work, books from this time period were often prepared in loose bindings that could be easily undone to free a sheet of paper (Hamel 40). For both illuminated and unadorned books, these loose bindings cause problems for conservators when they have not been properly and firmly bound after the writing and decorating was completed. Entire gatherings of pages can come loose, needing to be carefully re-stitched into their correct locations. Because of the wide variance in materials used in the bindings of books from the era that illuminated manuscripts were made, it is possible to trace some back to specific binderies, meaning that the materials can be analyzed to understand what trade was going on in that area at the time. For example, if a lavish cover was inlayed with lapis lazuli, if would be possible to infer that the bindery was able to source materials from as far east as Afghanistan (Alexander 40). Certain kinds of leather can also be traced back to specific geographical regions, as some breeds of cow and goat were only found in specific areas at this time. The pages used in books from this period also pose their own concerns."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she try to undermind her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was a part of the development?", "answer": {"text": "Zanuck was enthusiastic and provided numerous suggestions for improving the screenplay.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was anyone else involved?", "answer": {"text": "he felt Mankiewicz's writing lacked subtlety or provided excessive detail.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were there any problems with development?", "answer": {"text": "He suggested diluting Birdie Coonan's jealousy of Eve so the audience would not recognize Eve as a villain until much later in the story.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did it need to be rewritten?", "answer": {"text": "Zanuck reduced the screenplay by about 50 pages", "answer_start": 319, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_51deda39153e42769f0d357e2c743a74_1_q#9", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the play being rewritten, was there any other interesting aspects of All About Eve?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "She stated that the episode \"played to its strengths, namely Eve Myles' Gwen and how she relates to both human and alien\" and stated it to demonstrate \"how perfect Rhys is for Gwen\". She felt that the episode was flawed in its \"cop-out\" ending and Jack's handling of Gwen but in her conclusion noted it be \"the first episode of Torchwood that left me choked up, crying with Gwen at the end\". Airlock Alpha's Alan Stanley Blair felt the episode to be a vast improvement on its predecessors stating it be \"hard hitting, edgy and explores much bleaker and darker avenues to life in Torchwood\". He also felt that the personal effect of Gwen's struggles on her domestic life was one of the most interesting aspects comparing it to the television series \"Angel\" which \"touched on some of these threads through the meta-story and vampire mythology\" but not \"on the scale of this [episode]\". He concluded that the episode's conclusion was both to its credit and its biggest disappointment because it showed that there is \"no way to make everything all right\" but left its audience \"screaming for a happy ending that will never come\". Jason Hughes of AOL TV was more mixed in his review. He felt that the episode was a \"vast improvement over last week's episode\" and stated that it lived up to \"Torchwood\"s reputation as \"the darker, more mature cousin of \"Doctor Who\"\". However, he stated that the episode had \"some logistical problems\" and \"at least one ridiculously convenient coincidence that the emotional hook of the episode hinged on\". He praised the \"tragic emotional impact of the moment when Jonah's mom told Gwen to promise her not to do that to any other families\" and stated that he liked \"that there weren't any easy answers\".", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Out of this combination, and with the Cole brothers' focus on original songwriting came 'Quill', which was then signed as a group to Amphion Management. The band spent 1967, 1968 and 1969 regularly playing rock venues in Boston, Providence, and New York, as well as many other smaller markets around the Northeast. Though Quill rarely played outside of their region, the show made it as far west as Aspen, Colorado. Though most often headlining in smaller clubs, where Quill gained a very loyal following, the group also played in a number of much larger venues, opening for such international acts as The Jeff Beck Group, The Who, The Kinks, Deep Purple, Buddy Guy, Blue Cheer, Sly and the Family Stone, Grateful Dead, and Janis Joplin. It even opened for comedian Steve Martin in one of the interesting pairings in Quill lore. In addition. Quill was featured on several local TV shows in Boston and the Midwest, and was highlighted by the music press on numerous occasions for its originality and creativity. An early summer '69 appearance at Steve Paul's Scene in New York City resulted in Quill being invited to play at the Woodstock Festival. That night at the club also featured the first introduction of Johnny Winter to the NYC record industry crowd. The night ended finding Jimi Hendrix and Stephen Stills joining Johnny and members of Quill for a late jam. Aside from the basic roles of each member of the band, one of the interesting aspects of the band was its ability to mount a variety of instrumental and vocal configurations to play specific songs. Considered by many to be among the best technical and most creative rock drummers of that era, Roger North anchored the band on the drums and percussion. The other members of the band would often switch instruments to create different sounds and effects.", "The House of Mancello The House of Mancello is a 1962 Australian TV drama shot in Melbourne about a new Australian family. It was one of a series of six Australian plays produced by the ABC in 1962. The others were:  An Italian immigrant family, the Mancellos, have a dress manufacturing business which is in trouble. They import Joe, a dress designer relative from Italy to make changes which Mamma Mancello resents. Daughter Lucia is more receptive but not keen on Joe's ideas. She wants to sell the business to help her Australian boyfriend. The \"Sydney Morning Herald\" said that the play \"was yet another classic demonstration of the ruinous effects of poor television techniques on even the best of plays\" in particular, maintaining \"a camera angle of roughly 50 to 60 degrees for the duration of the 45-minute production, and for all shots including groups and close-ups, a fault most box camera enthusiasts would be ashamed of. And lighting, such an important factor, was equally rudimentary. \" The critic did think \"to a really dedicated viewer the play itself revealed many timely, interesting aspects of a migrant family's assimilation problems in Australia. But the dialogue is not brilliant, and such climaxes as there are attain little real force.\" The play was adapted for radio in 1963."], "answer": {"text": "chose the title All About Eve from the opening scenes in which Addison DeWitt says he will soon tell \"more of Eve ... All about Eve, in fact.\"", "answer_start": 371}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when was the story of all about eve developed?", "answer": {"text": "The story of All About Eve originated in an anecdote related to Mary Orr by actress Elisabeth Bergner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the anecdote?", "answer": {"text": "Bergner allowed a young fan, Martina Lawrence, to become part of her household and employed her as an assistant, but later regretted her generosity", "answer_start": 167, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did she regret the generosity?", "answer": {"text": "the woman attempted to undermine her.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how did she try to undermind her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who was a part of the development?", "answer": {"text": "Zanuck was enthusiastic and provided numerous suggestions for improving the screenplay.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was anyone else involved?", "answer": {"text": "he felt Mankiewicz's writing lacked subtlety or provided excessive detail.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were there any problems with development?", "answer": {"text": "He suggested diluting Birdie Coonan's jealousy of Eve so the audience would not recognize Eve as a villain until much later in the story.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did it need to be rewritten?", "answer": {"text": "Zanuck reduced the screenplay by about 50 pages", "answer_start": 319, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how many was it before?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#0", "question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "rewrite": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house.", "It would be hard to improve on the casting (Goldie Hawn, Chevy Chase and Charles Grodin). And there are a couple of really funny, sustained sequences.\" Gene Siskel of the \"Chicago Tribune\" also awarded two stars out of four and called it a \"limp comedy\" with \"only gag lines and no characters.\" Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described the film as \"Neil Simon in very funny form\" and the cast as \"extremely appealing,\" adding, \"The material here is slick and entertaining, and Mr. Sandrich settles for comic simplicity without reaching for anything more. He coaxes the film along at a cheerfully breakneck rhythm.\" Charles Champlin of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that \"if it gets a zero for innovation, it gets somewhere around 93 for the skill with which it delivers an old-fashioned slapstick farce. Like a Henny Youngman routine, it is funny partly because it tries so hard, in a stop-at-nothing-you-take-my-wife-please way, to be funny.\" \"Variety\" wrote that Sandrich \"has relied basically upon Neil Simon's script, often funny but thin on development, to carry things. The result is a picture that is amusing on the surface but very typical in terms of its setups ... Of course, none of the pic's drawbacks much matter thanks to the extremely engaging rapport between Chase and Hawn.\" Jack Kroll of \"Newsweek\" wrote that Simon's working on the models of old screwball comedies gave the movie \"a breeziness most of his film writing has lacked. On the laugh meter this movie does well. Sandrich has a nice light touch, and his cast is excellent.", "Neil Simon Theatre The Neil Simon Theatre, formerly the Alvin Theatre, is a Broadway venue built in 1927 and located at 250 West 52nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. As of 2011, the record for its longest running show is held by the musical \"Hairspray\", which opened August 15, 2002, and ran for 2,642 performances before closing on January 4, 2009. The building was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. The developer, real estate mogul Alexander Pincus, originally named it the \"Alvin Theatre\" as an amalgam of the names of producers ALex Aarons and Vinton Freedley. It opened on November 22, 1927, with George and Ira Gershwin's \"Funny Face\" starring Fred and Adele Astaire. In 1930, Ethel Merman made her Broadway debut in \"Girl Crazy\"; in 1934, she appeared again in Cole Porter's \"Anything Goes\" and again in 1936 in Porter's \"Red, Hot and Blue\". In 1935, the Gershwins' American folk opera \"Porgy and Bess\" had its world premiere at the venue. Due to the Great Depression, Aarons and Freedley lost control of the venue in 1932. For a period, CBS used it as a radio studio. In 1960, Lucille Ball appeared in her only Broadway show, the musical \"Wildcat\". In 1965, Liza Minnelli made her Broadway debut in \"Flora the Red Menace\". The original Broadway production of \"Annie\" opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin. In 1977, the Nederlander Organization purchased the structure and renamed it in honor of American playwright Neil Simon on June 29, 1983, while his play \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\". was playing. In 1985, its sequel \"Biloxi Blues\" also played at the theatre."], "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#1", "question": "Does he act as characters?", "rewrite": "Does Neil Simon act as characters?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neil Simon Theatre The Neil Simon Theatre, formerly the Alvin Theatre, is a Broadway venue built in 1927 and located at 250 West 52nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. As of 2011, the record for its longest running show is held by the musical \"Hairspray\", which opened August 15, 2002, and ran for 2,642 performances before closing on January 4, 2009. The building was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. The developer, real estate mogul Alexander Pincus, originally named it the \"Alvin Theatre\" as an amalgam of the names of producers ALex Aarons and Vinton Freedley. It opened on November 22, 1927, with George and Ira Gershwin's \"Funny Face\" starring Fred and Adele Astaire. In 1930, Ethel Merman made her Broadway debut in \"Girl Crazy\"; in 1934, she appeared again in Cole Porter's \"Anything Goes\" and again in 1936 in Porter's \"Red, Hot and Blue\". In 1935, the Gershwins' American folk opera \"Porgy and Bess\" had its world premiere at the venue. Due to the Great Depression, Aarons and Freedley lost control of the venue in 1932. For a period, CBS used it as a radio studio. In 1960, Lucille Ball appeared in her only Broadway show, the musical \"Wildcat\". In 1965, Liza Minnelli made her Broadway debut in \"Flora the Red Menace\". The original Broadway production of \"Annie\" opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin. In 1977, the Nederlander Organization purchased the structure and renamed it in honor of American playwright Neil Simon on June 29, 1983, while his play \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\". was playing. In 1985, its sequel \"Biloxi Blues\" also played at the theatre.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house.", "Grandma's House Grandma's House is a sitcom television series broadcast on BBC Two. Written by Simon Amstell and long term collaborator Dan Swimer, the series stars Simon Amstell playing a version of himself: an ex-television presenter searching for meaning in his life. Each episode takes place at his Grandma's house, where Grandma (Linda Bassett) welcomes her family, desperate to see everyone happy. The first series was shown in 2010, the second in 2012. In December 2012 Amstell stated that there would not be a third series. The show was created and written by Simon Amstell and Dan Swimer. Six 30-minutes episodes were produced for the first series by Tiger Aspect Productions for BBC Two. These were filmed at Pinewood Studios. The house used for exterior filming is located in Highwood Gardens in Clayhall, Greater London. On 1 July 2010, Geoffrey Hutchings, who portrayed Grandpa, died. The death of his character was said to have occurred between the two series. The show has received a generally positive reaction from critics and audiences alike. TV.com's Ruth Margolis claimed that \"[Amstell's] written a sitcom stuffed with gently funny moments and acerbic gems\", but suggested \"a few more naturalistic pauses would have just polished this into the self-assured comedy it so wants to be.\" Other publications had differing opinions. UK's \"Metro\"' claimed on their website that \"[Amstell's] brilliantly funny but we won\u2019t be inviting him round for tea. \" Sam Wollaston of \"The Guardian\" asked, \"Can Simon act, though?"], "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#2", "question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "rewrite": "How does Neil Simon come up with ideas for his characters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kamina hijacks a Gunmen and names him Gurren, combining him with Lagann to form the mecha Gurren Lagann. Their actions inspire other humans to steal their own Gunmen and join Team Gurren, which makes Kamina rename it Team Dai-Gurren. Eventually Team Dai-Gurren captures an enemy Gunmen fortress to use as their base of operations, though Kamina is killed in the preceding battle by one of Lordgenome's four generals. Rossiu, a boy from another village, takes over the job of piloting Gurren, but Kamina's death causes Simon to sink into depression until he meets Nia, Lordgenome's daughter. Team Dai-Gurren is initially distrustful of her but they allow her to join them when it becomes apparent that she was abandoned by her father, like many who had come before her. Nia helps Simon come to terms with Kamina's death, and the rest of Team Dai-Gurren prompt him to take up the role as the team's leader, leading them and other humans, who captured other Gunmen and Gunmen fortresses, to Lordgenome's palace. As the palace itself turns out to be a gigantic Gunmen called the Teppelin and launches armies of other Gunmen, the human forces hold them off while Simon, Nia, and Rossiu pilot Gurren Lagann enter the Teppelin to fight Lordgenome, who fights back in a similar Gunmen called Lazengann. When both Gunmen are damaged, he himself fights Simon in Lagann with his bare hands. Lordgenome emerges victorious, until Simon uses his Core Drill to defeat him once and for all.", "Simon conferred with Rosenthal, who grew up in Johannesburg, and booked the album's recording sessions, to see if he could plan a trip to the city. Rosenthal sent him dozens of records from South African artists, which piqued his curiosity and played into his decision. Producer Roy Halee remembered that Rosenthal \"knew everyone\" and was able to assemble the variety of musicians who inspired \"Graceland\". Before leaving the US for Johannesburg with Halee, Simon was persuaded to contribute to the recording of \"We Are the World\", a charity single benefiting African famine relief organized by Quincy Jones and Harry Belafonte. Released in March 1985, the single became one of the top-selling singles ever. Simon spoke with Jones and Belafonte about recording in South Africa, considering the region's charged political atmosphere, and they both encouraged him to do it. In addition, the black musician's union in the country voted to let Simon come, as it could potentially benefit their culture's music, placing it on an international stage. In February 1985, Simon and Halee flew to Johannesburg, intending their visit to be secret. Recording sessions took place at Ovation Studios. Halee was initially reluctant, fearing the studio would be a \"horror show,\" but he was pleasantly surprised to find it \"very comfortable. \" The studio was reminiscent of a garage, which Halee feared would be a problem for the production of the recordings, and none of the musicians wore headphones. Simon recorded with artists such as Lulu Masilela, Tao Ea Matsekha, General M. D. Shirinda and the Gaza Sisters, and the Boyoyo Boys Band. Jam sessions ranged from 10 to 30 minutes, with Simon and Halee intending to assemble an album from them upon their return home. Though the playing style was technically simple, Simon found it difficult to mimic.", "Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house."], "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#3", "question": "What is a well known character?", "rewrite": "What is a well known character of Neil Simon's?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neil Simon Theatre The Neil Simon Theatre, formerly the Alvin Theatre, is a Broadway venue built in 1927 and located at 250 West 52nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. As of 2011, the record for its longest running show is held by the musical \"Hairspray\", which opened August 15, 2002, and ran for 2,642 performances before closing on January 4, 2009. The building was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. The developer, real estate mogul Alexander Pincus, originally named it the \"Alvin Theatre\" as an amalgam of the names of producers ALex Aarons and Vinton Freedley. It opened on November 22, 1927, with George and Ira Gershwin's \"Funny Face\" starring Fred and Adele Astaire. In 1930, Ethel Merman made her Broadway debut in \"Girl Crazy\"; in 1934, she appeared again in Cole Porter's \"Anything Goes\" and again in 1936 in Porter's \"Red, Hot and Blue\". In 1935, the Gershwins' American folk opera \"Porgy and Bess\" had its world premiere at the venue. Due to the Great Depression, Aarons and Freedley lost control of the venue in 1932. For a period, CBS used it as a radio studio. In 1960, Lucille Ball appeared in her only Broadway show, the musical \"Wildcat\". In 1965, Liza Minnelli made her Broadway debut in \"Flora the Red Menace\". The original Broadway production of \"Annie\" opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin. In 1977, the Nederlander Organization purchased the structure and renamed it in honor of American playwright Neil Simon on June 29, 1983, while his play \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\". was playing. In 1985, its sequel \"Biloxi Blues\" also played at the theatre.", "Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "Laughter on the 23rd Floor  Laughter on the 23rd Floor is a 1993 play by Neil Simon. It focuses on the star and writers of a TV comedy-variety show in the 1950s, inspired by Simon's own early career experience as a junior writer (along with his brother Danny) for \"Your Show of Shows\" and \"Caesar's Hour\". The play focuses on Sid Caesar-like Max Prince, the star of a weekly comedy-variety show circa 1953, and his staff, including Simon's alter-ego Lucas Brickman, who maintains a running commentary on the writing, fighting, and wacky antics which take place in the writers' room. Max has an ongoing battle with NBC executives, who fear his humor is too sophisticated for Middle America. The play is notable not only for its insider's look at the personalities and processes of television comedy writing, but also for its reflection of the political and social undercurrents of its time, in particular the rise of Joseph McCarthy, relationships between various (European) American ethnicities, and attitudes toward women. \"Laughter on the 23rd Floor\" is a \"roman \u00e0 clef\", with the characters in the play based on Neil Simon's co-writers on \"Your Show Of Shows\". Lloyd Rose, in her \"Washington Post\" review, noted several of the real-life inspirations: the \"Sid Caesar\u2013inspired Max Prince\", \"hypochondriac Ira (played by Ron Orbach, inspired by Mel Brooks)\" ... and \"fussy Russian emigre Val (Mark Linn-Baker, inspired by Mel Tolkin) ... There is no character based on Woody Allen.\" Like many Rose attributes \"dryly witty, sane Kenny (John Slattery) as inspired by Larry Gelbart and Carl Reiner when it was actually only Gelbart.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house."], "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#4", "question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "rewrite": "What does the public think about Neil Simon's characters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house.", "Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "Neil Simon Theatre The Neil Simon Theatre, formerly the Alvin Theatre, is a Broadway venue built in 1927 and located at 250 West 52nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. As of 2011, the record for its longest running show is held by the musical \"Hairspray\", which opened August 15, 2002, and ran for 2,642 performances before closing on January 4, 2009. The building was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. The developer, real estate mogul Alexander Pincus, originally named it the \"Alvin Theatre\" as an amalgam of the names of producers ALex Aarons and Vinton Freedley. It opened on November 22, 1927, with George and Ira Gershwin's \"Funny Face\" starring Fred and Adele Astaire. In 1930, Ethel Merman made her Broadway debut in \"Girl Crazy\"; in 1934, she appeared again in Cole Porter's \"Anything Goes\" and again in 1936 in Porter's \"Red, Hot and Blue\". In 1935, the Gershwins' American folk opera \"Porgy and Bess\" had its world premiere at the venue. Due to the Great Depression, Aarons and Freedley lost control of the venue in 1932. For a period, CBS used it as a radio studio. In 1960, Lucille Ball appeared in her only Broadway show, the musical \"Wildcat\". In 1965, Liza Minnelli made her Broadway debut in \"Flora the Red Menace\". The original Broadway production of \"Annie\" opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin. In 1977, the Nederlander Organization purchased the structure and renamed it in honor of American playwright Neil Simon on June 29, 1983, while his play \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\". was playing. In 1985, its sequel \"Biloxi Blues\" also played at the theatre.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Martha Kwataine Martha Kwataine is a Malawian health and human rights activist, and the founder and former executive director of the Malawi Health Equity Network (MHEN). In October 2006, Kwataine founded the Malawi Health Equity Network (MHEN), and became its executive director. MHEN is an \"independent alliance of organisations and individuals promoting equity and quality\" in health care, and is based in Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi. In 2010, a MHEN report showed that the government's health department had spent 50-60% of its budget on activities at its headquarters, rather than on facilities across the country. Kwataine commented, \"This is money spent on allowances and four-wheel drive vehicles that race in the streets of the capital, yet 80 percent of Malawians are in the rural areas where health problems are forever acute\". In 2012, Kwataine moved to Washington D.C. in the United States to lobby the US government for help and support. In November 2015, Kwataine unexpectedly resigned as executive director of the Malawi Health Equity Network. She is reported to have left MEHN to take up a job with ActionAid."], "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other qualities the audience enjoys?", "rewrite": "Are there any other qualities besides zingers the audience enjoys about Neil Simon's characters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\", according to Koprince, and she traces Simon's style of comedy to that of Menander, a playwright of ancient Greece. Menander, like Simon, also used average people in domestic life settings, the stories also blending humor and tragedy into his themes. Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite. Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters. He says that the play, Star Spangled Girl which was a box-office failure, was \"the only play I ever wrote where I did not have a clear visual image of the characters in my mind as I sat down at the typewriter.\" Simon considers \"character building\" as an obligation, stating that the \"trick is to do it skillfully\". While other writers have created vivid characters, they have not created nearly as many as Simon: \"Simon has no peers among contemporary comedy playwrights,\" states biographer Robert Johnson. Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue. He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at. His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\". McGovern notes that his characters are always impatient \"with phoniness, with shallowness, with amorality\", adding that they sometimes express \"implicit and explicit criticism of modern urban life with its stress, its vacuity, and its materialism.\" However, Simon's characters will never be seen thumbing his or her nose at society.\"", "You Can Thank Me Later You Can Thank Me Later is a 1998 Canadian comedy-drama film directed by Shimon Dotan and starring Ellen Burstyn. The film is based on a play titled \"Hyper-Allergenic\" written and adapted for the screen by Oren Safdie. Conduct under pressure is the source of caustic humor and poignancy in \"You Can Thank Me Later\". Set primarily in a hospital room where a family awaits the results of the father's operation, the emotional battlefield is a series of zingers that touch sensitive nerves and tickle the funnybone. Shirley Cooperberg (Ellen Burstyn) is the strong-willed matriarch of a well-heeled Montreal Jewish family. While her husband is under the surgeon's scalpel, her children arrive at the hospital. Eli (Ted Levine) is an oft-divorced, failed writer; Susan (Amanda Plummer) has been pouring her myriad neuroses onto canvas but has yet to find an appreciative audience; and Edward (Mark Blum) is a successful producer of touring Broadway plays. They are the picture-perfect embodiment of a dysfunctional family. Expanding on Safdie's play, director Shimon Dotan wades into Neil Simon territory. The recriminations, failures and barely contained bile hurled amongst principals are familiar in their wickedly funny, combative bent. It's a dry humor laden with modern-day angst and given a slightly novel spin when transplanted from New York to bilingual Quebec. Otherwise, the uptown group share the affluence and anxieties of Simon's Manhattanites. Also in the stew are a mistress (Genevi\u00e8ve Bujold) posing as a nun,", "Zingers  Zingers is a snack cake produced and sold by Dolly Madison and Hostess, snack food brands owned by Hostess Brands. Zingers come in chocolate, vanilla, and raspberry flavors. Chocolate and vanilla Zingers have a thick layer of icing on top with creamy non-dairy filling in the middle. Raspberry Zingers do not have icing on top but are instead covered in a mixture of shaved coconut and raspberry flavored syrup. A series of commercials for Zingers used the \"Peanuts\" characters, with Snoopy playing the part of the mysterious \"Zinger Zapper\", the thrust of the ads featuring the other characters attempting to discover his true identity by tempting him with Zingers. At least one of these commercials included the only time the Dolly Madison logo came to life (when she admonished the \"Zinger Zapper\" for trying to steal a Zinger in the last scene). Zingers later introduced the Ecto-Cooler flavor in conjunction with the release of \"The Real Ghostbusters\" cartoon series. It featured a vanilla filling topped with a thick orange flavor icing. The entire cake was colored green to match the character Slimer from the series. In 1989, Zingers released a \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" variety of the snack cake. The inside cream was green, to represent the Mutagen Ooze from the series, and had the characters Splinter, Krang, and the four Turtles on the wrappers. The cakes were in production until 1995, for Hostess lost the rights to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles later that same year. Hostess released a limited edition \"One Piece\" Zingers flavor in Japan around 2000, when the anime series was starting to become popular. The snack cake had a purple filling to represent the Devil Fruit from the series.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "They Can't All Be Zingers They Can't All Be Zingers is a greatest hits compilation album by Primus. It was released through Interscope Records on October 17, 2006, the same day that their DVD, \"Blame It on the Fish\", was released. \"They Can't All Be Zingers\" includes 16 digitally remastered songs that span their entire career, including a previously unreleased and extended version of \"Shake Hands With Beef\", the Tom Waits collaboration \"Coattails of a Dead Man\", and \"Mary the Ice Cube\" from the 2003 DVD/EP \"Animals Should Not Try to Act Like People\". The Best Buy version of the album contains a bonus CD with four rare live tracks (\"Those Damned Blue Collar Tweekers,\" \"Bob, \" \"My Name Is Mud,\" & \"Jerry Was a Race Car Driver\") recorded at Woodstock '94, including the infamous version of \"My Name Is Mud\" where they were pelted with mud by the audience (in which Claypool responds by informing them of their \"small and insignificant genitalia\"). The album's title comes from a line from the stand-up act of comedian Neil Hamburger. The CD is packaged with an outer cellophane cover meant to represent a package of individually wrapped single slices of processed cheese. The artwork for the inner booklet and the CD looks like cheese itself. The wedge of cheese pictured on the sleeve has the shape of the head in the frying pan from \"Frizzle Fry\" emerging from it."], "answer": {"text": "His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\".", "answer_start": 1321}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#6", "question": "What does his characters look like ?", "rewrite": "What does Neil Simon's characters look like ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Laughter on the 23rd Floor  Laughter on the 23rd Floor is a 1993 play by Neil Simon. It focuses on the star and writers of a TV comedy-variety show in the 1950s, inspired by Simon's own early career experience as a junior writer (along with his brother Danny) for \"Your Show of Shows\" and \"Caesar's Hour\". The play focuses on Sid Caesar-like Max Prince, the star of a weekly comedy-variety show circa 1953, and his staff, including Simon's alter-ego Lucas Brickman, who maintains a running commentary on the writing, fighting, and wacky antics which take place in the writers' room. Max has an ongoing battle with NBC executives, who fear his humor is too sophisticated for Middle America. The play is notable not only for its insider's look at the personalities and processes of television comedy writing, but also for its reflection of the political and social undercurrents of its time, in particular the rise of Joseph McCarthy, relationships between various (European) American ethnicities, and attitudes toward women. \"Laughter on the 23rd Floor\" is a \"roman \u00e0 clef\", with the characters in the play based on Neil Simon's co-writers on \"Your Show Of Shows\". Lloyd Rose, in her \"Washington Post\" review, noted several of the real-life inspirations: the \"Sid Caesar\u2013inspired Max Prince\", \"hypochondriac Ira (played by Ron Orbach, inspired by Mel Brooks)\" ... and \"fussy Russian emigre Val (Mark Linn-Baker, inspired by Mel Tolkin) ... There is no character based on Woody Allen.\" Like many Rose attributes \"dryly witty, sane Kenny (John Slattery) as inspired by Larry Gelbart and Carl Reiner when it was actually only Gelbart.", "Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Neil Simon Theatre The Neil Simon Theatre, formerly the Alvin Theatre, is a Broadway venue built in 1927 and located at 250 West 52nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. As of 2011, the record for its longest running show is held by the musical \"Hairspray\", which opened August 15, 2002, and ran for 2,642 performances before closing on January 4, 2009. The building was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. The developer, real estate mogul Alexander Pincus, originally named it the \"Alvin Theatre\" as an amalgam of the names of producers ALex Aarons and Vinton Freedley. It opened on November 22, 1927, with George and Ira Gershwin's \"Funny Face\" starring Fred and Adele Astaire. In 1930, Ethel Merman made her Broadway debut in \"Girl Crazy\"; in 1934, she appeared again in Cole Porter's \"Anything Goes\" and again in 1936 in Porter's \"Red, Hot and Blue\". In 1935, the Gershwins' American folk opera \"Porgy and Bess\" had its world premiere at the venue. Due to the Great Depression, Aarons and Freedley lost control of the venue in 1932. For a period, CBS used it as a radio studio. In 1960, Lucille Ball appeared in her only Broadway show, the musical \"Wildcat\". In 1965, Liza Minnelli made her Broadway debut in \"Flora the Red Menace\". The original Broadway production of \"Annie\" opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin. In 1977, the Nederlander Organization purchased the structure and renamed it in honor of American playwright Neil Simon on June 29, 1983, while his play \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\". was playing. In 1985, its sequel \"Biloxi Blues\" also played at the theatre.", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other qualities the audience enjoys?", "answer": {"text": "His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\".", "answer_start": 1321, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#7", "question": "What is an interesting fact regarding his characters?", "rewrite": "What is an interesting fact regarding Neil Simon's characters?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "A rather unexpected and interesting fact regarding the Hereditary Health Courts in [[Nazi Germany]] is that the Nazi race and health administrators gave American eugenicists access to multiple institutions involved in the eugenics movement, which included visits to the Hereditary Health Courts. This access surprisingly had positive influences on the promotion of the Hereditary Health Courts. William W. Peter, an American Eugenicist who visited [[Nazi Germany]], believed that the Hereditary Health Courts were essential in guaranteeing the correct application of the [[Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring]]. Marie E. Kopp, who was an American eugenicist that visited Germany for six months in 1935, was given the opportunity to interview judges of the Hereditary Health Courts. She published various speeches and articles and was convinced that the [[Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring]] was implemented fairly, in part because of her familiarity with the processes and proceedings of the Hereditary Health Courts. Evidence regarding the supposed fairness of the application of the law is provided through facts relating to the [[Sterilization (medicine)|sterilization]] process when deemed necessary by the Hereditary Health Courts. According to Kopp, there were no adverse health effects from properly performed sterilization operations. Apparently, 0.4 percent of all the women who underwent sterilization died during the operation. This would mean that a total of 4,500 women died while undergoing a sterilization operation which judges of the Hereditary Health Court ordered them to receive. Women in general were not involved in the decision making, even when it most often was directly carried out on them. Sterilizations and abortions (almost no castrations) were common responses to deviancy. This was largely due to the fact that women had very little to no say in the inner circles of decision-making courts.", "The Banking and Payment Authorities of Kosovo (BPK) planned to establish an Interbank Payment System since November 2000. This idea was initially supported by the International Monetary Fond (IMF) through their professional payment consultants. The recommendations given were based on three development phases, which helped in creating the existing work plan. With the establishment of the Interbank Payments Advisory Committee (IPAC) under the patronage of the Central Bank of Kosovo with the participation of all the other commerce banks, the work continued on framing all the other operational policies on this subject. Interbank Payment System has gone through three main phases. Interbank Clearing System started to function on May 7, 2001. This phase was characterized with the manual exchange of payments, with settlements based on NET balance between debit and credit. In this way, the receiving bank account was credited and the debiting account was debited. At the start, since the number of payment was low, the registrations in account were done manually or on individual bases. This was reached with an agreement between the Interbank Clearing System (ICS) and other participating banks. Another interesting fact regarding the first phase was the activity of the Interbank Payments Advisory Committee (IPAC). This committee was first composed of several banks like ProCredit Bank, NLB Prishtina, Bank for Business. Moreover, Economic Bank joined in June and, towards the end of 2001, Raiffeissen Bank, BKP, and KSB joined also. The committee's obligation was to set the operating rules, the procedure, and standards for Interbank Clearing System. After a year, this committee worked toward Electronic Interbank Clearing System (EICS) which would make possible electronic exchange. The change into manual and semi-manual exchange led to other developments and transformations of the Electronic Interbank Clearing System (EICS).", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house."], "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters will never be seen thumbing his or her nose at society.\"", "answer_start": 1697}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other qualities the audience enjoys?", "answer": {"text": "His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\".", "answer_start": 1321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does his characters look like ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#8", "question": "How did he learn to create characters?", "rewrite": "How did Neil Simon learn to create characters?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "This is witnessed by a man but isn't believed when he talks about it in the pub. After crossing the Time Barrier Liz and Simon encounter this teenager and help her return to the present day. In the second serial, \"The Time of the Ice Box\", this icy wilderness is revealed to be Antarctica in the year 1990. Liz and Simon are rescued from the ice and brought to a research base \u2013 the International Institute for Biological Research, nicknamed the \"Ice Box\" - headed by Morgan C. Devereaux (John Barron). In the present, Traynor is amazed to learn of Devereaux's presence in the future; he had been a student of Devereaux's and believed he had died in 1969. Meanwhile, Liz is stunned when she encounters first her mother, and then her future self \u2013 a cold, emotionless, scientist going by the name Beth (Mary Preston) \u2013 working in the Ice Box. Her father Frank is also there, but has been buried under the ice for ten years as part of an experiment, which Liz only discovers later to her disgust and horror. The staff of the Ice Box are conducting controlled experiments on human volunteers, including tests of longevity drug called HA57. A catalogue of failures has been plaguing the research effort, but Devereaux refuses to entertain the possibility that the base computer is making errors. The failures get worse, and Devereaux's behaviour becomes more and more erratic. Liz and Simon learn that Devereaux is a clone of the original Devereaux, the first in the world. Investigating further, Liz and Simon discover that the purpose of the computer is to create a new clone of Devereaux. This is so that the formula for the longevity drug, which is known only to Devereaux and not written down, can be preserved and kept secret.", "Neil Simon Theatre The Neil Simon Theatre, formerly the Alvin Theatre, is a Broadway venue built in 1927 and located at 250 West 52nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. As of 2011, the record for its longest running show is held by the musical \"Hairspray\", which opened August 15, 2002, and ran for 2,642 performances before closing on January 4, 2009. The building was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. The developer, real estate mogul Alexander Pincus, originally named it the \"Alvin Theatre\" as an amalgam of the names of producers ALex Aarons and Vinton Freedley. It opened on November 22, 1927, with George and Ira Gershwin's \"Funny Face\" starring Fred and Adele Astaire. In 1930, Ethel Merman made her Broadway debut in \"Girl Crazy\"; in 1934, she appeared again in Cole Porter's \"Anything Goes\" and again in 1936 in Porter's \"Red, Hot and Blue\". In 1935, the Gershwins' American folk opera \"Porgy and Bess\" had its world premiere at the venue. Due to the Great Depression, Aarons and Freedley lost control of the venue in 1932. For a period, CBS used it as a radio studio. In 1960, Lucille Ball appeared in her only Broadway show, the musical \"Wildcat\". In 1965, Liza Minnelli made her Broadway debut in \"Flora the Red Menace\". The original Broadway production of \"Annie\" opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin. In 1977, the Nederlander Organization purchased the structure and renamed it in honor of American playwright Neil Simon on June 29, 1983, while his play \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\". was playing. In 1985, its sequel \"Biloxi Blues\" also played at the theatre.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house."], "answer": {"text": "used average people in domestic life settings, the stories also blending humor and tragedy into his themes.", "answer_start": 256}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other qualities the audience enjoys?", "answer": {"text": "His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\".", "answer_start": 1321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does his characters look like ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is an interesting fact regarding his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters will never be seen thumbing his or her nose at society.\"", "answer_start": 1697, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#9", "question": "What were some shows his characters were in?", "rewrite": "What were some shows Neil Simon's characters were in?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "He requires them to withdraw more than $100,000 from their bank, which Tom burns and throws into a river along with their wallets. Then he requires them to get $300 from nowhere in a part of the town where they don't have any friends. Abby pawns her bracelet and Neil his watch to get the $300. He then requires Abby to deliver a document to Neil's office within twenty minutes, and Tom shows Neil a copy of document that contains details of Neil's hacking into customer accounts, which if leaked will ruin Neil. Neil watches Abby deliver the document from a distance. Neil and Abby try to rescue Sophie from a hotel, only to get caught by Tom, who makes Abby take off her dress and put on an enticing short dress in front of both of them. Tom has one last test for Neil to save Sophie: he requires Neil to enter a house and kill the occupant - a coworker named Judy who Neil has been having an affair with. Neil is greeted warmly by Judy, and is desperately confused as he sees a picture of Tom on the mantel and learns that he and Judy are married. Tom enters the house and tells Neil to shoot Judy or he will kill Neil's daughter Sophie. Neil pulls the trigger but the gun isn't loaded. Tom reveals he knows about their affair and tells Neil his daughter is safe at home. As they return home, Neil lies to Abby and tells her that his boss was having an affair with Judy and Tom mistook Neil for that person, which is why Tom had tormented them the whole day. When they return home, Sophie is asleep and has been there the whole time. Abby reveals to Neil that their daughter had never been kidnapped, and Tom had concocted the entire day to let Neil experience for one day the pain he has undergone.", "World Where You Live \"World Where You Live\" is a 1986 song by Australian-New Zealand rock band Crowded House. It was the second single from the group's debut album \"Crowded House\". Though it was the second single, \"World Where You Live\" was the first internationally released single, as the first single \"Mean to Me\" was only released in Australia. It was released a month before the album \"Crowded House\" was released. The song later appeared on Crowded House's greatest hits compilation \"Recurring Dream\" and was performed at the group's farewell concert \"Farewell to the World\". Despite having a broad, international release in various formats, \"World Where You Live\" only charted in Australia and the United States, reaching #43 in the ARIA Singles Chart and #65 in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1987 The music video for the song shows Neil Finn holding a flying dollhouse in his hands, and then letting it go as he sings the lyrics while an oversized dollhouse comes into view. The rest of the band comes into the house, and then the whole band starts performing in a room inside the house. One scene shows Neil turning a page in a book containing maps of his home country, New Zealand, while experimenting with more dollhouses. Another scene shows the band coming out of the house while a party is going on, and the very last scene shows the empty room in the house, indicating the band has left, except that a chandelier is dangling back and forth and Paul Hester's drums are still left in the room before the video fades to black. \"All songs by Neil Finn except \"Something So Strong\" by Finn and Mitchell Froom and \"That's What I Call Love\" by Paul Hester and Finn."], "answer": {"text": "California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 458}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other qualities the audience enjoys?", "answer": {"text": "His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\".", "answer_start": 1321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does his characters look like ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is an interesting fact regarding his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters will never be seen thumbing his or her nose at society.\"", "answer_start": 1697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he learn to create characters?", "answer": {"text": "used average people in domestic life settings, the stories also blending humor and tragedy into his themes.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#10", "question": "How many characters has he created?", "rewrite": "How many characters has Neil Simon created?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edwin Flavell Brigadier Edwin William Conquest Flavell DSO, MC & Two Bars (22 February 1898 \u2013 29 November 1993) was a British Army officer who served in both World War I and World War II. He served with great distinction during the latter, where he commanded the 1st Parachute Brigade in North Africa and the 6th Airlanding Brigade in Normandy, before becoming Deputy Chief of Staff HQ First Allied Airborne Army. Flavell was born on 22 February 1898 at 15 Stansfield Road, Stockwell, London. He was educated at King's College School in Wimbledon, London. Flavell died on 29 November 1993 aged 95. Some sources give 8 November or 1 December 1993 as the date of death. He was the son of Edwin George Flavell and Emily Eliza Flavell (n\u00e9e Conquest) born 1870 and 1874 respectively. The 1911 Census, dated 2 February, shows his father was a commercial clerk and that he had an older sister named Constance Lillian Flavell (1896-1978). Constance was a cashier in a drapery store or manufacturing outlet at the time. Edwin's younger brother, George Channell Flavell, was born in July 1911. Flavell married Nora Alice Cooper in 1920, they had two sons and one daughter. Sadly, Edwin's father passed away at a young age of 49 in 1920. Six years later his mother, Emily Eliza Flavell, and his younger brother George, emigrated from England to New Zealand. They departed from Southampton, aboard the ship 'Hororata' on 10 April 1926, when George Channell Flavell was just 14 years old. Now grown, the elder children Constance Lillian and Edwin William Conquest Flavell, remained in England. Edwin's mother passed away at age 66 in 1940 and she is buried in Auckland, New Zealand.", "This was a collaboration between Allegheny County, who donated the land, and the Braddock Youth Projects high school students. In 2011 Simon created the Fallen Heroes memorial in honor of Pittsburgh police officers Paul Sciullo II, Stephen J. Mayhle, and Eric G. Kelly, who were killed in the line of duty in Stanton Heights. The statue is outside the Immaculate Conception- St. Joseph Church on Liberty Avenue in the center of Bloomfield, Pennsylvania. The composition consists of a portrait of Saint Michael the patron saint of the Police (concrete), a mosaic podium with the officer's images, and a large-scale stainless steel police badge laser etched with the date of their deaths. In 2011 Simon created the Welcome to Uptown sign in collaboration with Uptown Partners and McAuley Ministries. Located at a strategic gateway to downtown Pittsburgh, this public art signage is part of Uptown communities revitalization vision to bring new vibrancy and life to an abandoned corridor. In 2016 Simon created large-scale gateway sculptures to Perry Harvey Sr. Park. The project was commissioned by the City of Tampa Public Art. The gateway sculptures pay homage to the musical history of the Perry Harvey community, where many important musicians and civil rights leaders lived, including Ray Charles and Ella Fitzgerald. The sculptures were created in clay and cast in concrete with colors and sealers. There are two 16' musicians, two 9' dancers, a juke box, three standup lights, and large dogs In2019 Simon created the \u201cMagic River\u201d mosaic for Bradenton Florida In 2019 Simon created the \"Magic River\" Mosaic, a 120-foot glass and ceramic mosaic commissioned by Realize Bradenton for a new building that houses the Manatee Chamber of Commerce, retail spaces, and a parking garage. The mosaic looks out on to a new public space projected to be completed in 2020.", "Te Ururoa Flavell Te Ururoa James William Ben Flavell (born 7 December 1955), also known as Hemi Flavell, is a New Zealand politician who has been a co-leader of the M\u0101ori Party since 2013 and represented the Waiariki electorate for the party in Parliament from 2005-2017. Flavell, born in Tokoroa, has affiliations to the Ngapuhi, Ngati Rangiwewehi, and Te Arawa iwi. He trained as a teacher, and taught at the secondary and tertiary level for many years. He later held a number of roles in the education sector, including school principal, and then worked as a consultant to various government agencies. In the 2005 general election, Flavell stood as a candidate for the M\u0101ori Party in the Waiariki electorate and as 10th on the party list. He won the election against the incumbent, Mita Ririnui, and entered Parliament. The Waiariki electorate was contested by two contenders in the : the incumbent and Ririnui. Flavell was once again confirmed. The Waiariki electorate was contested by three contenders in the : Flavell, Annette Sykes of the Mana Party and Louis Te Kani of the Labour Party. Flavell was returned to Parliament for the third successive time. In the 48th New Zealand Parliament, his primary M\u0101ori Party portfolios were Education and Treaty of Waitangi Negotiations. He also held a number of minor portfolios including Tourism, Local Government, Internal Affairs, Sport and Recreation, Land Information and Education Review Office. He was a member and Deputy Chairperson of the Education and Science Select Committee as well as being a current member on the Business Select Committee, Whips Select Committee and Standing Orders Committee. In July 2007 Flavell's Public Works (Offer Back of and Compensation for Acquired Land)", "Simon Flavell Leukaemia Research Laboratory The Simon Flavell Leukaemia Research Laboratory is based at Southampton General Hospital and named after ten-year-old Simon Flavell who died in 1990 from an aggressive form of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The laboratory specialises in researching and developing antibody type treatments for adults and children with currently incurable types of leukaemia. The laboratory was opened officially on 21 February, 1993 by Gary Lineker and his former wife Michelle and in 2008 underwent a complete refurbishment. Originally part of the University of Southampton Medical School, The Simon Flavell Laboratory became independent in 2005 though still affiliated to the School of Medicine but now funded by the children\u2019s leukaemia research charity Leukaemia Busters and other charitable sources. The Simon Flavell laboratory focuses on translational research designed to bring benefits to patients directly. In the early years the laboratory was involved in the development and manufacture of two different immunotoxins for treating patients with lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and multiple myeloma in phase I clinical trials. This continues and now the laboratory is involved in developing the next generation of genetically engineered immunotoxins that should prove safer to use and cheaper to manufacture. A main theme of the laboratory\u2019s current research work is to devise ways of improving the therapeutic window for immunotoxins to make them safer and more effective to use clinically. The laboratory is currently headed by Simon\u2019s parents David Flavell and Sopsamorn (Bee) Flavell . The purpose of this Laboratory is to ensure that patients do not have to experience as much chemotherapy.", "John H. Flavell John H. Flavell (born August 9, 1928 in Rockland, Massachusetts) is an American developmental psychologist specializing in children's cognitive development. After serving in The United States Army for two years from 1945\u20131947, John H. Flavell enrolled at Northeastern University where he earned his bachelor's degree in psychology. After graduation, he was admitted into the clinical psychology program at Clark University and Harvard University. John H. Flavell earned his MA from Clark University in 1952 and in 1955 he earned his Ph.D. Through the discovery of new developmental phenomena and analysis of the theories of Jean Piaget, Flavell shifted the direction of developmental psychology in the United States. In 1955-1956 Flavell worked as a clinical psychologist at Fort Lyon V.A. hospital in Colorado. After leaving Fort Lyon he accepted a position at the University of Rochester New York as a clinical associate and then as an assistant professor of psychology. In 1965 Flavell was asked to become a full-time professor at the University of Minnesota's Institute of Child Development. Flavell left after 10 years to join Stanford University in 1976 where he became one of their professors. Some of Flavell's accomplishments include writing a book on children's cognitive development titled The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget in 1963. In 1970 Flavell was the president of the APA's division of Developmental Psychology. Flavell served for eight years on the SRCD's (Society for Research in Child Development) Governing Council and is a charter member of the editorial board of Cognitive Psychology. Flavell has written more than 120 books and in 1984 he received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award of the American Psychological Association (APA). Flavell has conducted extensive research into metacognition and the child's theory of mind."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other qualities the audience enjoys?", "answer": {"text": "His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\".", "answer_start": 1321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does his characters look like ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is an interesting fact regarding his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters will never be seen thumbing his or her nose at society.\"", "answer_start": 1697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he learn to create characters?", "answer": {"text": "used average people in domestic life settings, the stories also blending humor and tragedy into his themes.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some shows his characters were in?", "answer": {"text": "California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f80dbf9baba04cbfa635abb8fcc839ac_0_q#11", "question": "Does he have any bad characters?", "rewrite": "Does Neil Simon have any bad characters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Neil Simon Theatre The Neil Simon Theatre, formerly the Alvin Theatre, is a Broadway venue built in 1927 and located at 250 West 52nd Street in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan, New York City. As of 2011, the record for its longest running show is held by the musical \"Hairspray\", which opened August 15, 2002, and ran for 2,642 performances before closing on January 4, 2009. The building was designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp. The developer, real estate mogul Alexander Pincus, originally named it the \"Alvin Theatre\" as an amalgam of the names of producers ALex Aarons and Vinton Freedley. It opened on November 22, 1927, with George and Ira Gershwin's \"Funny Face\" starring Fred and Adele Astaire. In 1930, Ethel Merman made her Broadway debut in \"Girl Crazy\"; in 1934, she appeared again in Cole Porter's \"Anything Goes\" and again in 1936 in Porter's \"Red, Hot and Blue\". In 1935, the Gershwins' American folk opera \"Porgy and Bess\" had its world premiere at the venue. Due to the Great Depression, Aarons and Freedley lost control of the venue in 1932. For a period, CBS used it as a radio studio. In 1960, Lucille Ball appeared in her only Broadway show, the musical \"Wildcat\". In 1965, Liza Minnelli made her Broadway debut in \"Flora the Red Menace\". The original Broadway production of \"Annie\" opened in 1977 and ran for nearly six years, setting a record for the Alvin. In 1977, the Nederlander Organization purchased the structure and renamed it in honor of American playwright Neil Simon on June 29, 1983, while his play \"Brighton Beach Memoirs\". was playing. In 1985, its sequel \"Biloxi Blues\" also played at the theatre.", "Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures Neil Simon's I Ought to Be in Pictures (also known simply as I Ought to Be in Pictures) is a 1982 American comedy-drama film directed by Herbert Ross and based on Neil Simon's play of the same name. The film stars Walter Matthau, Ann-Margret, and Dinah Manoff (the only cast member to reprise her Broadway role in the film). Other actors who have supporting roles are Lance Guest, Eugene Butler, David Faustino, Martin Ferrero and Michael Dudikoff. The film was released on March 26, 1982, a year after the original broadway play ended and was filmed mainly in Los Angeles, California. A 19-year-old Brooklynite, Libby Tucker is visiting her dead grandma's grave at a New York cemetery, and reveals that she is moving to Hollywood to become an actress and find her father, screenwriter Herbert Tucker. Libby takes a bus to Denver, then hitchhikes the rest of the way. She tries to call Herb, but gets nervous and hangs up. The next morning, Libby goes to the house where Herb lives and meets his girlfriend, Steffy Blondell, who invites Libby inside. After becoming acquainted and learning the reason why Libby is in town, Steffy decides to leave. Herb awakens to find Libby after a 16-year gap in their lives. The two chat about their pasts, and Libby fills Herb in on the family he left behind, including her younger brother Robbie. The two eventually begin arguing about Libby's goal of becoming an actress. Just as Steffy returns, Libby runs out of the house. Herb tracks down Libby at a motel and eventually persuades her to come back to live at his house.", "Chapter Two (play) Chapter Two is a semi-autobiographical play by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1977, where it ran for 857 performances. According to Sheridan Morley, \"This was in some ways the turning-point for Simon, the moment when he started to use his own life as something more than an excuse for a gag-fest. It was written as a tribute to Marsha Mason, his second wife, and her tolerance with his long-lasting grief over the death of his first wife... There is something very painful here, in among the gags, about a man trying to come to terms with death rather than a new life.\" The play focuses on a recently widowed writer, George Schneider, who is introduced by his press agent brother to soap opera actress Jennie Malone. Jennie's marriage to a football player has dissolved after six years. Both are uncertain of their readiness to start dating and developing a new romance when her breakup is so recent and he still has recurring memories of his deceased wife, Barbara. Neil Simon's first wife, Joan Baim, died in 1973. The play had its world premiere at the Los Angeles Ahmanson Theatre on October 7, 1977, closing November 26. Produced by Emanuel Azenberg and directed by Herbert Ross, the cast included: Judd Hirsch as George, Anita Gillette as Jennie, Cliff Gorman as Leo, and Ann Wedgeworth as Faye. The production won the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards (1977\u201378): Distinguished Production; and Neil Simon, Distinguished Playwriting. The play opened on Broadway at the Imperial Theatre on December 4, 1977, and transferred to the Eugene O'Neill Theatre in January 1979, where it closed on December 8, 1979 after 857 performances and seven previews. The Los Angeles cast reprised their roles on Broadway.", "May 1980: \"Pajama Tops\" by Mawby Greene and Ed Feilbert, directed by Jim Bowers Sep 1980 : \"The Oldest Living Graduate\" by Preston Jones, directed by Tom Killough (staged reading: curtain raiser) Oct 1980: \"California Suite\" by Neil Simon, directed by Ivan Woodhouse Nov 1980: \"Absent Friends\" by Alan Ayckbourn, directed by Margaret Grogan Feb 1981: \"The Interview\" by Barry Bermange + \"In Camera\" by Jean-Paul Sartre, directed by David Warren (staged readings)  Mar 1981: \"Deathtrap\" by Ira Levin, directed by Jim Bowers Apr 1981: \"Kings\" (selected scenes) by William Shakespeare, directed by Carol Moore  May 1981: \"The Good Doctor\" by Neil Simon, directed by Barbara Knode (staged reading) Oct 1981: \"Dames at Sea\" by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading: Curtain Raiser) Nov 1981: \"The Prisoner of Second Avenue\" by Neil Simon, directed by Jim Bowers  Jan 1982: \"Vanities\" by Jack Heifner, directed by Joe Grace (staged reading) Feb 1982: \"Tribute\" by Bernard Slade, directed by Barbara Knode Mar 1982: \"A Delicate Balance\" by Edward Albee, directed by Tom Grange (staged reading) Apr 1982: \"The Cherry Orchard\" by Anton Chekhov, directed by Ivan Woodhouse May 1982: \"Close of Play\" by Simon Gray, directed by Margaret Grogan (staged reading) Oct 1982 : \"Little Mary Sunshine\" by Rick Besoyan, directed by Judy Sackheim (staged reading; Curtain Raiser) Nov 1982: \"The Little Foxes\" by Lillian Hellman, directed by Barbara Knode  Jan 1983", "The series was collected into two Trade Paperbacks published by Image Comics; Volume One: Darklyte collected #1-6 while Volume Two: Atrelegis collected #7-12. Good Characters Bad Characters Atrelegis defeated the Vampire hordes of Datara, led by Lord Malagen. Now a never-ending winter has enveloped Warlands and it is up to the archmage Zeph and a new team of heroes to end the cold spell. The series was published from July 2001 and consists of nine issues, a #0 issue and a #\u00bd. The first five issues were published by Image Comics but from the sixth issue the series was published through Dreamwaves own publishing company. The series was again penciled and plotted by Pat Lee with Adrian Tsang also serving as writer. A Trade Paperbacks - Warlands Volume 3: The Age of Ice was published by Dreamwave in May 2003. Good Characters Bad Characters Follows a group of heroes in Warlands when vampires from Malagen's regime find themselves being persecuted by the other races. It also reveals what happens to Tessan. The First issue was published in December 2001 by Image Comics. The series was written by Adrian Tsang, pencilled by Alvin Lee ( Issues #1-2) & Mateo Guerrero (Issues #3-4) and Edited by Roger Lee. Good Characters Bad Characters A gang of heroes arises once again to combat the troubled soul of Warlands, which has become unbalanced. Its dark soul threatens to wipe out all the light and peace in the world. The first issue was published in May 2002 by Dreamwave Productions. The series was written by Bryan Augustyn with pencils by Matteo Guerrero and edited by Roger Lee. Good Characters Bad Characters A line of Action figures was released by D-Boy in 2000, and was previewed at the American International Toy Fair in 2000."], "answer": {"text": "He says that the play, Star Spangled Girl which was a box-office failure,", "answer_start": 558}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is a typical character for Neil Simon?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters are typically portrayed as \"imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings\",", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he act as characters?", "answer": {"text": "He reproduces speech so \"adroitly\" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at.", "answer_start": 1190, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he come up with ideas for his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters.", "answer_start": 492, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is a well known character?", "answer": {"text": "Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does the public think about his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling \"zingers,\" believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue.", "answer_start": 1065, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other qualities the audience enjoys?", "answer": {"text": "His characters may also express \"serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material\".", "answer_start": 1321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does his characters look like ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is an interesting fact regarding his characters?", "answer": {"text": "Simon's characters will never be seen thumbing his or her nose at society.\"", "answer_start": 1697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he learn to create characters?", "answer": {"text": "used average people in domestic life settings, the stories also blending humor and tragedy into his themes.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some shows his characters were in?", "answer": {"text": "California Suite and Plaza Suite.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many characters has he created?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4fc862cac33444c894ac8a0f6fb06bf2_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Rogers Morton go to elementary school?", "rewrite": "Where did Rogers Morton go to elementary school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Oswald Mills William Oswald Mills, Sr. (aka Bill Mills) (August 12, 1924 \u2013 May 24, 1973), was a Republican U.S. congressman who represented the 1st Congressional district of Maryland from May 25, 1971 until he his death in Easton, Maryland on May 24, 1973. U.S. Congressman, Bill Mills was born in the small town of Bethlehem, Maryland on August 12, 1924. He attended Caroline County, Maryland public schools, after graduating from Federalsburg High School in 1941, he then pursued military service. He served in the U.S. Army in 1942, during World War II, as part of general George Patton's Third Army during the crossing of the Rhine River in Germany and was awarded the Bronze Star. After the war, he worked his way up in rank as the manager of the offices of: Easton, Maryland; Preston, Maryland; and Cambridge, Maryland of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company from 1946 to 1962. Beginning in 1962, he served on the staff of then-congressman Rogers Morton as a Democrat until finally becoming a Republican in 1970. When Morton was nominated by U.S. President, Richard Nixon and appointed United States Secretary of the Interior in 1971, Mills won the special election to succeed him as U.S. House Representative of Maryland's 1st District of the 93rd United States Congress. On the morning of May 24, 1973, Mills was found dead at a stable near his home in Easton, Maryland at the age of 48. There was an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the left side of his chest, and a 12-gauge shotgun and spent casing were found by his side. It was reported that he had been depressed following the death of three of his Congressional aides in a 1972 car accident, and by the fact that his mentor and predecessor, Rogers Morton, was suffering from cancer.", "The elementary schools of the American Attendance Area are Ardenwood Elementary School, Brookvale Elementary School, Forest Park Elementary School, Oliveira Elementary School, Patterson Elementary School and Warwick Elementary School. The elementary schools of the Irvington Attendance Area are Harvey Green Elementary School, Grimmer Elementary School, Hirsch Elementary School, Leitch Elementary School, Warm Springs Elementary School and Weibel Elementary School. The elementary schools of the Kennedy Attendance Area are Azevada Elementary School, Blacow Elementary School, Brier Elementary School, Durham Elementary School, Mattos Elementary School and Millard Elementary School. The elementary schools of the Mission Attendance Area are Chadbourne Elementary School, Gomes Elementary School, Mission San Jose Elementary School and Mission Valley Elementary School. The elementary schools of the Washington Attendance Area are Cabrillo Elementary School, Glenmoor Elementary School, Maloney Elementary School, Niles Elementary School, Parkmont Elementary School and Vallejo Mill Elementary School. Fremont Adult School, located on Calaveras Avenue, is a popular educational institution offering a variety of adult education programs including ESL, Adult Basic Education, Community Education, Distance Learning, and ELCivics. There are three alternative schools operated by the Fremont Unified School District. All are at the same location. The junior high school alternative is Opportunity Program. The alternative for high school is Robertson High School. A third alternative school is called Vista Alternative. The Board of Education consists of five individuals elected at large by the voters of the district. A board member's term is for four years and has no term limit. The positions of president, vice president, and clerk are rotated among the members. The board also includes one appointed student member, who is generally the Associated Student Body President of one of the five high schools. As of December 2018, the President of the Board of Education is Michele Berke. The Vice President is Desrie Campbell. The Clerk is Larry Sweeney.", "List of Long Island public school districts and schools Long Island's Nassau and Suffolk counties are home to 125 school districts containing a total of 656 public schools. Amagansett School Amityville Memorial High School, Park Avenue School, Edmund W. Miles Middle School, Northeast School, Northwest Elementary School Babylon Memorial Grade School, Babylon Junior-Senior High School, Babylon Elementary School  Baldwin Middle School, Brookside Elementary School, Baldwin Senior High School, Lenox Elementary School, Meadow Elementary School, Milburn Elementary School, Plaza Elementary School, Shubert Elementary School, Steele Elementary School Bay Shore Middle School, Bay Shore Senior High School, Brook Avenue Elementary School, Fifth Avenue School, Gardiner Manor School, Mary G. Clarkson School, South Country School. James Wilson Young Middle School, Bayport-Blue Point High School, Academy Street Elementary School, Blue Point Elementary School, Sylvan Avenue Elementary School  Shore Road School, Reinhard Early Childhood Center, Winthrop Avenue School  Merrick Avenue Middle School, Grand Avenue Middle School, John F. Kennedy High School, Sanford H. Calhoun High School, Wellington C. Mepham High School Bethpage Senior High School, John F. Kennedy Middle School, Central Boulevard Elementary School, Charles Campagne School, Kramer Lane Elementary School North Middle School, Brentwood High School, South Middle School, West Middle School, East Middle School, Freshman Center, East Elementary School, Hemlock Park Elementary School, Laurel Park Elementary School, Loretta Park Elementary School, North Elementary School, Northeast Elementary School, Oak Park Elementary School, Pine Park Elementary School, Southeast Elementary School, Southwest Elementary School, Twin Pines Elementary School Bridgehampton School Carle Place Middle Senior High School, Cherry Lane School, Rushmore Avenue School Center Moriches High School, Center Moriches Middle School, Clayton Huey Elementary School  Cordello Avenue Elementary School, Central Islip Senior High School, Andrew T. Morrow School, Central Islip", "In its 2010 School Improvement Grants application to the federal government, the Pennsylvania Department of Education identified the following Allentown District Schools as Persistently Low Achieving Schools: Central Elementary School; Francis D Raub Middle School; Harrison-Morton Middle School; Jefferson Elementary School; Louis Dieruff High School; Sheridan Elementary School; Trexler Middle School; Union Terrace Elementary School; and William Allen High School. Central Elementary School was cited by the Pennsylvania Department of Education as one of the lowest 5% persistently lowest-achieving schools in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. In April 2014, the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) released its annual report on lowest achieving schools in the Commonwealth. It identified seventeen Allentown School District schools as among the lowest achieving schools for reading and mathematics. The schools were: Central Elementary School, Cleveland Elementary School, Francis D. Raub Middle School, Harrison-Morton Middle School, Hiram W Dodd Elementary School, Jefferson Elementary School, Louis E. Dieruff High School, Luis A Ramos Elementary School, McKinley Elementary School, Mosser Elementary School, Roosevelt Elementary School, Sheridan Elementary School, South Mountain Middle School, Trexler Middle School, Union Terrace Elementary School, William Allen Senior High School, and Washington Elementary School. In July 2012, the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) released a report identifying seventeen Allentown School District schools as among the lowest achieving schools for reading and mathematics in 2011 and 2012. Eleven of the District's elementary schools, all four middle schools and both high schools were all among the 15% lowest achieving schools in the Commonwealth. Parents and students may be eligible for scholarships to transfer to another public or nonpublic school through the state's Opportunity Scholarship Tax Credit Program passed in June 2012. The scholarships are limited to those students whose family's income is less than $60,000 annually, with another $12,000 allowed per dependent.", "Thruston Ballard Morton Thruston Ballard Morton (August 19, 1907 \u2013 August 14, 1982), was an American politician. A Republican, Morton represented Kentucky in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Morton was born on August 19, 1907, in Louisville, Kentucky, to David Morton and his wife, Mary Ballard, descended from pioneer settlers of the area. He had a brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, who also became a politician, and a sister, Jane, who survived him. He attended local public schools and the Woodberry Forest School, before he entered Yale University. He received a B.A. there in 1929. Morton then worked in the family business, Ballard & Ballard Flour Milling, becoming its chairman of the board before the company was sold to the Pillsbury Company. A lifelong Episcopalian, he married Belle Clay Lyons and was survived by their two sons, Clay Lyons Morton and Thruston Ballard Morton, Jr., and five grandchildren. His brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, represented Maryland in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1963 through 1971. The Morton brothers served together in the U.S. Congress from 1963 to 1968, with Thruston as a U.S. Senator representing Kentucky and Rogers as a U.S. Representative representing Maryland. Both brothers also served as chair of the Republican National Committee. Rogers Morton subsequently became U.S. Secretary of the Interior in the administration of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and then became U.S. Secretary of Commerce under Ford, before chairing Ford's re-election campaign in 1976. After naval service in World War II, Morton defeated the Democratic incumbent, Rep. Emmet O'Neal, in the 1946 election in his native Louisville area (Kentucky's 3rd congressional district), 61,899 votes to 44,599 votes."], "answer": {"text": "early education from the Woodberry Forest School near Orange, Virginia,", "answer_start": 550}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4fc862cac33444c894ac8a0f6fb06bf2_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Where did Rogers Morton go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["William Oswald Mills William Oswald Mills, Sr. (aka Bill Mills) (August 12, 1924 \u2013 May 24, 1973), was a Republican U.S. congressman who represented the 1st Congressional district of Maryland from May 25, 1971 until he his death in Easton, Maryland on May 24, 1973. U.S. Congressman, Bill Mills was born in the small town of Bethlehem, Maryland on August 12, 1924. He attended Caroline County, Maryland public schools, after graduating from Federalsburg High School in 1941, he then pursued military service. He served in the U.S. Army in 1942, during World War II, as part of general George Patton's Third Army during the crossing of the Rhine River in Germany and was awarded the Bronze Star. After the war, he worked his way up in rank as the manager of the offices of: Easton, Maryland; Preston, Maryland; and Cambridge, Maryland of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company from 1946 to 1962. Beginning in 1962, he served on the staff of then-congressman Rogers Morton as a Democrat until finally becoming a Republican in 1970. When Morton was nominated by U.S. President, Richard Nixon and appointed United States Secretary of the Interior in 1971, Mills won the special election to succeed him as U.S. House Representative of Maryland's 1st District of the 93rd United States Congress. On the morning of May 24, 1973, Mills was found dead at a stable near his home in Easton, Maryland at the age of 48. There was an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the left side of his chest, and a 12-gauge shotgun and spent casing were found by his side. It was reported that he had been depressed following the death of three of his Congressional aides in a 1972 car accident, and by the fact that his mentor and predecessor, Rogers Morton, was suffering from cancer.", "The End of the Trail The End of the Trail is a Hardy Boys book. It was first published in 2000. Biff Hooper, Phil Cohen, and Chet Morton go with the Hardy Boys on a hike up the Appalachian Trail, but things take a turn for the worse when Biff is hurt. The boys go to Morgan's Quarry, the nearest town, for help, and find a bag of cash in the middle of the road. Now, the Hardy Boys must find the owner, or face death.", "Thruston Ballard Morton Thruston Ballard Morton (August 19, 1907 \u2013 August 14, 1982), was an American politician. A Republican, Morton represented Kentucky in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Morton was born on August 19, 1907, in Louisville, Kentucky, to David Morton and his wife, Mary Ballard, descended from pioneer settlers of the area. He had a brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, who also became a politician, and a sister, Jane, who survived him. He attended local public schools and the Woodberry Forest School, before he entered Yale University. He received a B.A. there in 1929. Morton then worked in the family business, Ballard & Ballard Flour Milling, becoming its chairman of the board before the company was sold to the Pillsbury Company. A lifelong Episcopalian, he married Belle Clay Lyons and was survived by their two sons, Clay Lyons Morton and Thruston Ballard Morton, Jr., and five grandchildren. His brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, represented Maryland in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1963 through 1971. The Morton brothers served together in the U.S. Congress from 1963 to 1968, with Thruston as a U.S. Senator representing Kentucky and Rogers as a U.S. Representative representing Maryland. Both brothers also served as chair of the Republican National Committee. Rogers Morton subsequently became U.S. Secretary of the Interior in the administration of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and then became U.S. Secretary of Commerce under Ford, before chairing Ford's re-election campaign in 1976. After naval service in World War II, Morton defeated the Democratic incumbent, Rep. Emmet O'Neal, in the 1946 election in his native Louisville area (Kentucky's 3rd congressional district), 61,899 votes to 44,599 votes.", "Also, he was both depressed by the urban violence after the deaths of civil rights leader Martin Luther King and Sen. Robert F. Kennedy from New York, and disappointed in his party's failure to address the broader social issues. He also ultimately counseled then-President Lyndon Johnson to decline to seek re-election, and he supported the unsuccessful presidential candidacy of Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of New York. Morton is interviewed in the 1968 documentary film \" In the Year of the Pig\", and another interview is available through the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library. After his retirement from the U.S. Senate, Morton served as vice chairman of Liberty National Bank in Louisville, president of the American Horse Council, and chairman of the board of Churchill Downs, and he served as one of the directors of the University of Louisville, Pillsbury Company, Pittston Company, Louisville Board of Trade, Texas Gas Company, R.J. Reynolds Company, and the Ohio Valley Assembly. Morton died after many years of declining health. His brother Rogers Morton had died three years previously, and his wife, Belle, survived him by more than a decade. His papers are held by Louisville's Filson Historical Society, which his grandfather had revitalized. The Kentucky Digital Library has a collection of his speeches.", "He served as liaison between the campaign and 14 Republican state organizations. He was able to place a \"mole\" on the Humphrey campaign press plane; the agent sent back almost daily reports on off-the-record or unreported comments made by the Democratic candidate and his staff, and evaluations of their morale. Kevin Phillips said of Nixon's 1968 presidential run, [Mitchell] and Murray Chotiner were the real people in the campaign, not the artificial public relations phonies who called Nixon \"the product\" as if he were some kind of underarm deodorant. The day after Nixon's election as President in November 1968, he asked Chotiner what job he would like, and Chotiner indicated that he wanted to be chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC), but was told that was impossible. However, Mitchell and soon-to-be White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman wished to see Chotiner given a position outside the White House, as they saw him as a rival. Accordingly, they proposed that Chotiner be made RNC executive director, to wield the real power with the chairman as figurehead. A reluctant Nixon, who was worried about Chotiner's hatchet-man reputation, finally agreed, and Chotiner wrapped up his affairs in California. Chotiner was given an office at the RNC, nominally as the official in charge of tickets for the inauguration. RNC chairman Ray Bliss and his aides were disturbed by his presence, and were told he would be gone after January 20. Meanwhile, Nixon and his aides considered a new RNC chairman finally settling on Maryland Congressman Rogers Morton, who agreed to take the position once Bliss left, though Morton was not told of the promise to Chotiner."], "answer": {"text": "in 1937 graduated from Yale University,", "answer_start": 626}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Rogers Morton go to elementary school?", "answer": {"text": "early education from the Woodberry Forest School near Orange, Virginia,", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4fc862cac33444c894ac8a0f6fb06bf2_1_q#2", "question": "Who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Rogers Morton's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thruston Ballard Morton Thruston Ballard Morton (August 19, 1907 \u2013 August 14, 1982), was an American politician. A Republican, Morton represented Kentucky in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Morton was born on August 19, 1907, in Louisville, Kentucky, to David Morton and his wife, Mary Ballard, descended from pioneer settlers of the area. He had a brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, who also became a politician, and a sister, Jane, who survived him. He attended local public schools and the Woodberry Forest School, before he entered Yale University. He received a B.A. there in 1929. Morton then worked in the family business, Ballard & Ballard Flour Milling, becoming its chairman of the board before the company was sold to the Pillsbury Company. A lifelong Episcopalian, he married Belle Clay Lyons and was survived by their two sons, Clay Lyons Morton and Thruston Ballard Morton, Jr., and five grandchildren. His brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, represented Maryland in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1963 through 1971. The Morton brothers served together in the U.S. Congress from 1963 to 1968, with Thruston as a U.S. Senator representing Kentucky and Rogers as a U.S. Representative representing Maryland. Both brothers also served as chair of the Republican National Committee. Rogers Morton subsequently became U.S. Secretary of the Interior in the administration of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and then became U.S. Secretary of Commerce under Ford, before chairing Ford's re-election campaign in 1976. After naval service in World War II, Morton defeated the Democratic incumbent, Rep. Emmet O'Neal, in the 1946 election in his native Louisville area (Kentucky's 3rd congressional district), 61,899 votes to 44,599 votes.", "Also, he was both depressed by the urban violence after the deaths of civil rights leader Martin Luther King and Sen. Robert F. Kennedy from New York, and disappointed in his party's failure to address the broader social issues. He also ultimately counseled then-President Lyndon Johnson to decline to seek re-election, and he supported the unsuccessful presidential candidacy of Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of New York. Morton is interviewed in the 1968 documentary film \" In the Year of the Pig\", and another interview is available through the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library. After his retirement from the U.S. Senate, Morton served as vice chairman of Liberty National Bank in Louisville, president of the American Horse Council, and chairman of the board of Churchill Downs, and he served as one of the directors of the University of Louisville, Pillsbury Company, Pittston Company, Louisville Board of Trade, Texas Gas Company, R.J. Reynolds Company, and the Ohio Valley Assembly. Morton died after many years of declining health. His brother Rogers Morton had died three years previously, and his wife, Belle, survived him by more than a decade. His papers are held by Louisville's Filson Historical Society, which his grandfather had revitalized. The Kentucky Digital Library has a collection of his speeches.", "He served as liaison between the campaign and 14 Republican state organizations. He was able to place a \"mole\" on the Humphrey campaign press plane; the agent sent back almost daily reports on off-the-record or unreported comments made by the Democratic candidate and his staff, and evaluations of their morale. Kevin Phillips said of Nixon's 1968 presidential run, [Mitchell] and Murray Chotiner were the real people in the campaign, not the artificial public relations phonies who called Nixon \"the product\" as if he were some kind of underarm deodorant. The day after Nixon's election as President in November 1968, he asked Chotiner what job he would like, and Chotiner indicated that he wanted to be chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC), but was told that was impossible. However, Mitchell and soon-to-be White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman wished to see Chotiner given a position outside the White House, as they saw him as a rival. Accordingly, they proposed that Chotiner be made RNC executive director, to wield the real power with the chairman as figurehead. A reluctant Nixon, who was worried about Chotiner's hatchet-man reputation, finally agreed, and Chotiner wrapped up his affairs in California. Chotiner was given an office at the RNC, nominally as the official in charge of tickets for the inauguration. RNC chairman Ray Bliss and his aides were disturbed by his presence, and were told he would be gone after January 20. Meanwhile, Nixon and his aides considered a new RNC chairman finally settling on Maryland Congressman Rogers Morton, who agreed to take the position once Bliss left, though Morton was not told of the promise to Chotiner.", "In 1975, the Alaska Board of Geographic Names changed the name of the mountain to Denali, and, at Governor Jay Hammond's behest, the Alaska Legislature officially requested that the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN), the federal governmental body responsible for naming geographic features in the United States, change the name of the mountain from \"Mount McKinley\" to \"Mount Denali\". Ohio congressman Ralph Regula (whose district included Canton, where McKinley spent much of his life) opposed action by the U.S. Board and was able to prevent it. At first, the Board consideration was delayed by opposition from Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton, under whose purview the board fell, as he personally did not favor a change of the mountain's name. Later, in 1977, with Secretary Morton no longer at the helm of the Department of the Interior, the Board again prepared to consider the name change, but Regula gathered signatures from every member of the Ohio congressional delegation against renaming Mount McKinley, and no ruling was made. On December 2, 1980, with President Jimmy Carter's signing into law of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), McKinley National Park\u2014which had been created on February 26, 1917\u2014was incorporated into a larger protected area named Denali National Park and Preserve. Naming the new, larger park Denali, while retaining the name Mount McKinley for the actual mountain was thought to be a compromise by many \"Mount McKinley\" partisans. However, \"Denali\" advocates, including Alaska Congressman Don Young, rejected the position that the 1980 action constituted a real compromise, and instead argued that naming the mountain and park by different names only created confusion. While the Board was originally set to make a ruling on December 10, 1980, with the passage of Lands Conservation Act on December 2, they opted to defer their ruling yet again.", "William Oswald Mills William Oswald Mills, Sr. (aka Bill Mills) (August 12, 1924 \u2013 May 24, 1973), was a Republican U.S. congressman who represented the 1st Congressional district of Maryland from May 25, 1971 until he his death in Easton, Maryland on May 24, 1973. U.S. Congressman, Bill Mills was born in the small town of Bethlehem, Maryland on August 12, 1924. He attended Caroline County, Maryland public schools, after graduating from Federalsburg High School in 1941, he then pursued military service. He served in the U.S. Army in 1942, during World War II, as part of general George Patton's Third Army during the crossing of the Rhine River in Germany and was awarded the Bronze Star. After the war, he worked his way up in rank as the manager of the offices of: Easton, Maryland; Preston, Maryland; and Cambridge, Maryland of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company from 1946 to 1962. Beginning in 1962, he served on the staff of then-congressman Rogers Morton as a Democrat until finally becoming a Republican in 1970. When Morton was nominated by U.S. President, Richard Nixon and appointed United States Secretary of the Interior in 1971, Mills won the special election to succeed him as U.S. House Representative of Maryland's 1st District of the 93rd United States Congress. On the morning of May 24, 1973, Mills was found dead at a stable near his home in Easton, Maryland at the age of 48. There was an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the left side of his chest, and a 12-gauge shotgun and spent casing were found by his side. It was reported that he had been depressed following the death of three of his Congressional aides in a 1972 car accident, and by the fact that his mentor and predecessor, Rogers Morton, was suffering from cancer."], "answer": {"text": "the son of David Clark Morton, a physician, and his wife, Mary Harris Ballard Morton, an heiress to a flour milling business.", "answer_start": 31}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Rogers Morton go to elementary school?", "answer": {"text": "early education from the Woodberry Forest School near Orange, Virginia,", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "in 1937 graduated from Yale University,", "answer_start": 626, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4fc862cac33444c894ac8a0f6fb06bf2_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Rogers Morton have siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1975, the Alaska Board of Geographic Names changed the name of the mountain to Denali, and, at Governor Jay Hammond's behest, the Alaska Legislature officially requested that the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN), the federal governmental body responsible for naming geographic features in the United States, change the name of the mountain from \"Mount McKinley\" to \"Mount Denali\". Ohio congressman Ralph Regula (whose district included Canton, where McKinley spent much of his life) opposed action by the U.S. Board and was able to prevent it. At first, the Board consideration was delayed by opposition from Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton, under whose purview the board fell, as he personally did not favor a change of the mountain's name. Later, in 1977, with Secretary Morton no longer at the helm of the Department of the Interior, the Board again prepared to consider the name change, but Regula gathered signatures from every member of the Ohio congressional delegation against renaming Mount McKinley, and no ruling was made. On December 2, 1980, with President Jimmy Carter's signing into law of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), McKinley National Park\u2014which had been created on February 26, 1917\u2014was incorporated into a larger protected area named Denali National Park and Preserve. Naming the new, larger park Denali, while retaining the name Mount McKinley for the actual mountain was thought to be a compromise by many \"Mount McKinley\" partisans. However, \"Denali\" advocates, including Alaska Congressman Don Young, rejected the position that the 1980 action constituted a real compromise, and instead argued that naming the mountain and park by different names only created confusion. While the Board was originally set to make a ruling on December 10, 1980, with the passage of Lands Conservation Act on December 2, they opted to defer their ruling yet again.", "Also, he was both depressed by the urban violence after the deaths of civil rights leader Martin Luther King and Sen. Robert F. Kennedy from New York, and disappointed in his party's failure to address the broader social issues. He also ultimately counseled then-President Lyndon Johnson to decline to seek re-election, and he supported the unsuccessful presidential candidacy of Gov. Nelson Rockefeller of New York. Morton is interviewed in the 1968 documentary film \" In the Year of the Pig\", and another interview is available through the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library. After his retirement from the U.S. Senate, Morton served as vice chairman of Liberty National Bank in Louisville, president of the American Horse Council, and chairman of the board of Churchill Downs, and he served as one of the directors of the University of Louisville, Pillsbury Company, Pittston Company, Louisville Board of Trade, Texas Gas Company, R.J. Reynolds Company, and the Ohio Valley Assembly. Morton died after many years of declining health. His brother Rogers Morton had died three years previously, and his wife, Belle, survived him by more than a decade. His papers are held by Louisville's Filson Historical Society, which his grandfather had revitalized. The Kentucky Digital Library has a collection of his speeches.", "Thruston Ballard Morton Thruston Ballard Morton (August 19, 1907 \u2013 August 14, 1982), was an American politician. A Republican, Morton represented Kentucky in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Morton was born on August 19, 1907, in Louisville, Kentucky, to David Morton and his wife, Mary Ballard, descended from pioneer settlers of the area. He had a brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, who also became a politician, and a sister, Jane, who survived him. He attended local public schools and the Woodberry Forest School, before he entered Yale University. He received a B.A. there in 1929. Morton then worked in the family business, Ballard & Ballard Flour Milling, becoming its chairman of the board before the company was sold to the Pillsbury Company. A lifelong Episcopalian, he married Belle Clay Lyons and was survived by their two sons, Clay Lyons Morton and Thruston Ballard Morton, Jr., and five grandchildren. His brother, Rogers Clark Ballard Morton, represented Maryland in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1963 through 1971. The Morton brothers served together in the U.S. Congress from 1963 to 1968, with Thruston as a U.S. Senator representing Kentucky and Rogers as a U.S. Representative representing Maryland. Both brothers also served as chair of the Republican National Committee. Rogers Morton subsequently became U.S. Secretary of the Interior in the administration of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, and then became U.S. Secretary of Commerce under Ford, before chairing Ford's re-election campaign in 1976. After naval service in World War II, Morton defeated the Democratic incumbent, Rep. Emmet O'Neal, in the 1946 election in his native Louisville area (Kentucky's 3rd congressional district), 61,899 votes to 44,599 votes.", "He served as liaison between the campaign and 14 Republican state organizations. He was able to place a \"mole\" on the Humphrey campaign press plane; the agent sent back almost daily reports on off-the-record or unreported comments made by the Democratic candidate and his staff, and evaluations of their morale. Kevin Phillips said of Nixon's 1968 presidential run, [Mitchell] and Murray Chotiner were the real people in the campaign, not the artificial public relations phonies who called Nixon \"the product\" as if he were some kind of underarm deodorant. The day after Nixon's election as President in November 1968, he asked Chotiner what job he would like, and Chotiner indicated that he wanted to be chairman of the Republican National Committee (RNC), but was told that was impossible. However, Mitchell and soon-to-be White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman wished to see Chotiner given a position outside the White House, as they saw him as a rival. Accordingly, they proposed that Chotiner be made RNC executive director, to wield the real power with the chairman as figurehead. A reluctant Nixon, who was worried about Chotiner's hatchet-man reputation, finally agreed, and Chotiner wrapped up his affairs in California. Chotiner was given an office at the RNC, nominally as the official in charge of tickets for the inauguration. RNC chairman Ray Bliss and his aides were disturbed by his presence, and were told he would be gone after January 20. Meanwhile, Nixon and his aides considered a new RNC chairman finally settling on Maryland Congressman Rogers Morton, who agreed to take the position once Bliss left, though Morton was not told of the promise to Chotiner.", "William Oswald Mills William Oswald Mills, Sr. (aka Bill Mills) (August 12, 1924 \u2013 May 24, 1973), was a Republican U.S. congressman who represented the 1st Congressional district of Maryland from May 25, 1971 until he his death in Easton, Maryland on May 24, 1973. U.S. Congressman, Bill Mills was born in the small town of Bethlehem, Maryland on August 12, 1924. He attended Caroline County, Maryland public schools, after graduating from Federalsburg High School in 1941, he then pursued military service. He served in the U.S. Army in 1942, during World War II, as part of general George Patton's Third Army during the crossing of the Rhine River in Germany and was awarded the Bronze Star. After the war, he worked his way up in rank as the manager of the offices of: Easton, Maryland; Preston, Maryland; and Cambridge, Maryland of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Company from 1946 to 1962. Beginning in 1962, he served on the staff of then-congressman Rogers Morton as a Democrat until finally becoming a Republican in 1970. When Morton was nominated by U.S. President, Richard Nixon and appointed United States Secretary of the Interior in 1971, Mills won the special election to succeed him as U.S. House Representative of Maryland's 1st District of the 93rd United States Congress. On the morning of May 24, 1973, Mills was found dead at a stable near his home in Easton, Maryland at the age of 48. There was an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the left side of his chest, and a 12-gauge shotgun and spent casing were found by his side. It was reported that he had been depressed following the death of three of his Congressional aides in a 1972 car accident, and by the fact that his mentor and predecessor, Rogers Morton, was suffering from cancer."], "answer": {"text": "Morton was one of three children;", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Rogers Morton go to elementary school?", "answer": {"text": "early education from the Woodberry Forest School near Orange, Virginia,", "answer_start": 550, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "in 1937 graduated from Yale University,", "answer_start": 626, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "the son of David Clark Morton, a physician, and his wife, Mary Harris Ballard Morton, an heiress to a flour milling business.", "answer_start": 31, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#0", "question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "rewrite": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism.", "In later seasons, the contestant's booth was made to appear in disrepair, with a large crack running down the back wall and some wallpaper missing. At the end of the fourth season, three of the best contestants of the season who had earlier won $5,000 returned for a special \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode, for a chance to win $25,000. In the first round, question values were $200, $400, and $600, with follow-up questions worth $200. In the second round, questions were worth $800\u2013$2,000 in increments of $400. The winner attempted to defeat Stein for the entire $25,000. In a previous \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode in season two, three contestants who already won $5,000 received a chance to win another $5,000. Question values in the first two rounds were the same as always. Stein often poked fun at rival quiz show \"Jeopardy!\", given the similarities of formats between both shows. As such, any contestant who accidentally responded in the form of a question was made to wear a dunce cap for the rest of the round. \"Win Roy & H.G.'s Money\", an Australian version hosted by \"Rampaging\" Roy Slaven (John Doyle) and H.G. Nelson (Greg Pickhaver), aired on Seven Network from 1999\u20132000. The grand prize was AUD$5,000. Win Beadle's Money was a British version hosted by Jeremy Beadle and Richard Morton. It aired on Channel 5 from 2 August to 22 December 1999 and was produced by Grundy. The grand prize was \u00a31,000. \"Hoztam egy milli\u00f3t!\" , hosted by Tam\u00e1s Vitray with N\u00f3ra Kov\u00e1cs, aired on Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3 in 2003.", "Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival.", "Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed is a 2008 American documentary-style propaganda film directed by Nathan Frankowski and starring Ben Stein. The film contends that there is a conspiracy in academia to oppress and exclude people who believe in intelligent design. It portrays the scientific theory of evolution as a contributor to communism, fascism, atheism, eugenics and, in particular, Nazi atrocities in the Holocaust. Although intelligent design is a pseudoscientific religious idea, the film presents it as science-based, without giving a detailed definition of the concept or attempting to explain it on a scientific level. Other than briefly addressing issues of irreducible complexity, \"Expelled\" examines intelligent design as a political issue. \"Expelled\" opened in 1,052 movie theaters, more than any other documentary before it, and grossed over $2,900,000 in its first weekend. It earned $7.7 million, making it the 33rd highest-grossing documentary film in the United States (as of 2018, and not adjusted for inflation). Media response to the film has been largely negative. Multiple reviews, including those of \"USA Today\" and \"Scientific American\", described the film as propaganda, with \"USA Today\" adding that it was \"a political rant disguised as a serious commentary on stifled freedom of inquiry\" and \"Scientific American\" calling it \"a science-free attack on Darwin\". \" The New York Times\" deemed it \"a conspiracy-theory rant masquerading as investigative inquiry\" and \"an unprincipled propaganda piece that insults believers and nonbelievers alike\". The film was directed by Nathan Frankowski and stars Ben Stein. Stein provides narrative commentary throughout the film. He is depicted as visiting a sequence of universities to interview proponents of intelligent design who claim to have been victimized, and evolutionary scientists who are presented as atheists.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content."], "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#1", "question": "Did he have any best sellers?", "rewrite": "Did Ben Stein have any best sellers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of Billboard number-one country songs of 1953 In 1953 \"Billboard\" magazine published three charts covering the best-performing country music songs in the United States: Most Played in Juke Boxes, National Best Sellers, and Most Played By Jockeys. All three charts are considered part of the lineage of the current Hot Country Songs chart, which was first published in 1958. At the start of the year, Hank Williams was at number one on the best sellers chart with \"Jambalaya (On the Bayou)\" and he thus held the top spot when he died in the early hours of January 1, 1953. Williams also reached number one in January with the final single released in his lifetime, \"I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive\", and went on to have two further posthumous number ones on the best sellers listing during 1953 with \"Take These Chains from My Heart\" and \"Kaw-Liga\". The latter song had the longest run of any song in the top spot, spending 13 weeks at number one. In total, he spent 19 weeks at number one on the best sellers chart, the most by any act. In addition, \"Your Cheatin' Heart\", which fell short of the number one position on the best sellers chart, topped both the other listings, meaning that five songs by Williams reached number one in 1953. Regarded as one of the most influential musicians in country music history, Williams was among the inaugural class of entrants to the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1961. Seven acts achieved their first number ones in 1953: The Carlisles, Goldie Hill, Jim Reeves, the duo of Jean Shepard and Ferlin Husky, The Davis Sisters, Mitchell Torok and Hank Locklin.", "Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival.", "Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content.", "List of Billboard number-one country songs of 1956 In 1956 \"Billboard\" magazine published three charts covering the best-performing country music songs in the United States. At the start of the year, the charts were published under the titles Most Played in Juke Boxes, Best Sellers in Stores, and Most Played By Jockeys, with the genre denoted in an overall page heading. With effect from the issue of \"Billboard\" dated June 30, the genre was added to the specific titles of the charts, which were thus published as Most Played C&W in Juke Boxes, C&W Best Sellers in Stores, and Most Played C&W By Jockeys, the C&W standing for \"country and western\". All three charts are considered part of the lineage of the current Hot Country Songs chart, which was first published in 1958. The number one positions on both the juke box and best sellers charts were dominated by Elvis Presley, who spent a total of 26 weeks in the top spot on the best sellers listing and 28 weeks (including one tied with another song) atop the juke box chart with four different singles. Presley achieved his first chart-topper in February when he reached the number one spot on the best sellers chart with \"I Forgot To Remember To Forget\". The song was the final single which he recorded for Sun Records, the label for which he had honed his early rockabilly style. After he signed for new label RCA Victor, his recordings began to show more of a pop music influence, but continued to appear on the country charts, and one week after \"I Forgot To Remember To Forget\" was replaced at number one, Presley regained the top spot with \"Heartbreak Hotel\", which remained atop the listing for 17 consecutive weeks. \"I Forgot To Remember To Forget"], "answer": {"text": "His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market.", "answer_start": 675}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#2", "question": "Did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Ben Stein win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In later seasons, the contestant's booth was made to appear in disrepair, with a large crack running down the back wall and some wallpaper missing. At the end of the fourth season, three of the best contestants of the season who had earlier won $5,000 returned for a special \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode, for a chance to win $25,000. In the first round, question values were $200, $400, and $600, with follow-up questions worth $200. In the second round, questions were worth $800\u2013$2,000 in increments of $400. The winner attempted to defeat Stein for the entire $25,000. In a previous \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode in season two, three contestants who already won $5,000 received a chance to win another $5,000. Question values in the first two rounds were the same as always. Stein often poked fun at rival quiz show \"Jeopardy!\", given the similarities of formats between both shows. As such, any contestant who accidentally responded in the form of a question was made to wear a dunce cap for the rest of the round. \"Win Roy & H.G.'s Money\", an Australian version hosted by \"Rampaging\" Roy Slaven (John Doyle) and H.G. Nelson (Greg Pickhaver), aired on Seven Network from 1999\u20132000. The grand prize was AUD$5,000. Win Beadle's Money was a British version hosted by Jeremy Beadle and Richard Morton. It aired on Channel 5 from 2 August to 22 December 1999 and was produced by Grundy. The grand prize was \u00a31,000. \"Hoztam egy milli\u00f3t!\" , hosted by Tam\u00e1s Vitray with N\u00f3ra Kov\u00e1cs, aired on Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3 in 2003.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content.", "Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival.", "Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed is a 2008 American documentary-style propaganda film directed by Nathan Frankowski and starring Ben Stein. The film contends that there is a conspiracy in academia to oppress and exclude people who believe in intelligent design. It portrays the scientific theory of evolution as a contributor to communism, fascism, atheism, eugenics and, in particular, Nazi atrocities in the Holocaust. Although intelligent design is a pseudoscientific religious idea, the film presents it as science-based, without giving a detailed definition of the concept or attempting to explain it on a scientific level. Other than briefly addressing issues of irreducible complexity, \"Expelled\" examines intelligent design as a political issue. \"Expelled\" opened in 1,052 movie theaters, more than any other documentary before it, and grossed over $2,900,000 in its first weekend. It earned $7.7 million, making it the 33rd highest-grossing documentary film in the United States (as of 2018, and not adjusted for inflation). Media response to the film has been largely negative. Multiple reviews, including those of \"USA Today\" and \"Scientific American\", described the film as propaganda, with \"USA Today\" adding that it was \"a political rant disguised as a serious commentary on stifled freedom of inquiry\" and \"Scientific American\" calling it \"a science-free attack on Darwin\". \" The New York Times\" deemed it \"a conspiracy-theory rant masquerading as investigative inquiry\" and \"an unprincipled propaganda piece that insults believers and nonbelievers alike\". The film was directed by Nathan Frankowski and stars Ben Stein. Stein provides narrative commentary throughout the film. He is depicted as visiting a sequence of universities to interview proponents of intelligent design who claim to have been victimized, and evolutionary scientists who are presented as atheists.", "Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any best sellers?", "answer": {"text": "His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market.", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#3", "question": "Did he write any other books?", "rewrite": "Did Ben Stein write any other books other than Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wenatchee Heights, Washington Wenatchee Heights is an unincorporated community in Chelan County, Washington, United States. Wentachee Heights is assigned the ZIP code 98801. Wenatchee Heights is on the Wenatchee Heights U.S. Geological Survey Map.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content.", "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics, including politics, investing, and economics. He writes a regular column in the conservative magazines The American Spectator and Newsmax. He has also written for numerous publications including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Penthouse, Los Angeles Magazine, and Barron's Magazine, where his discussion of the Michael Milken Drexel Burnham Lambert junk bond situation, as well as the ethical dimensions of management buyouts, attracted heavy US national attention in the 1980s and 1990s. He wrote a regular biweekly column for Yahoo! Finance online, with his last article dated August 7, 2009. His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market. In 2009, he published a collection of essays, The Real Stars. Stein was fired from his position as a Sunday Business columnist at The New York Times in August 2009, due to a policy prohibiting writers from performing product endorsements or advertising. Stein had recently become an advertising spokesman for credit information company Freescore.com, and according to a Times statement, had assumed there would be no conflict provided that he did not discuss credit scoring in general or FreeScore.com itself in his column. However, the publication felt that it would be inappropriate for him to write for them while he was involved in advertising, and terminated his contract. Writing in The Spectator, Stein states his belief that the real reasons for his firing were budget cuts at the Times, his criticism of President Obama, and pressure from those critical of Expelled, who \"bamboozled some of the high pooh-bahs at the Times into thinking there was a conflict of interest\". Stein is currently an in-house journalist at Newsmax Magazine, a magazine by the conservative media group Newsmax Media.", "Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism.", "Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival."], "answer": {"text": "He has also written for numerous publications including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Penthouse, Los Angeles Magazine, and Barron's Magazine,", "answer_start": 187}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any best sellers?", "answer": {"text": "His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market.", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#4", "question": "Is he well liked?", "rewrite": "Is Ben Stein well liked?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism.", "Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival.", "In later seasons, the contestant's booth was made to appear in disrepair, with a large crack running down the back wall and some wallpaper missing. At the end of the fourth season, three of the best contestants of the season who had earlier won $5,000 returned for a special \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode, for a chance to win $25,000. In the first round, question values were $200, $400, and $600, with follow-up questions worth $200. In the second round, questions were worth $800\u2013$2,000 in increments of $400. The winner attempted to defeat Stein for the entire $25,000. In a previous \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode in season two, three contestants who already won $5,000 received a chance to win another $5,000. Question values in the first two rounds were the same as always. Stein often poked fun at rival quiz show \"Jeopardy!\", given the similarities of formats between both shows. As such, any contestant who accidentally responded in the form of a question was made to wear a dunce cap for the rest of the round. \"Win Roy & H.G.'s Money\", an Australian version hosted by \"Rampaging\" Roy Slaven (John Doyle) and H.G. Nelson (Greg Pickhaver), aired on Seven Network from 1999\u20132000. The grand prize was AUD$5,000. Win Beadle's Money was a British version hosted by Jeremy Beadle and Richard Morton. It aired on Channel 5 from 2 August to 22 December 1999 and was produced by Grundy. The grand prize was \u00a31,000. \"Hoztam egy milli\u00f3t!\" , hosted by Tam\u00e1s Vitray with N\u00f3ra Kov\u00e1cs, aired on Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3 in 2003.", "Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed is a 2008 American documentary-style propaganda film directed by Nathan Frankowski and starring Ben Stein. The film contends that there is a conspiracy in academia to oppress and exclude people who believe in intelligent design. It portrays the scientific theory of evolution as a contributor to communism, fascism, atheism, eugenics and, in particular, Nazi atrocities in the Holocaust. Although intelligent design is a pseudoscientific religious idea, the film presents it as science-based, without giving a detailed definition of the concept or attempting to explain it on a scientific level. Other than briefly addressing issues of irreducible complexity, \"Expelled\" examines intelligent design as a political issue. \"Expelled\" opened in 1,052 movie theaters, more than any other documentary before it, and grossed over $2,900,000 in its first weekend. It earned $7.7 million, making it the 33rd highest-grossing documentary film in the United States (as of 2018, and not adjusted for inflation). Media response to the film has been largely negative. Multiple reviews, including those of \"USA Today\" and \"Scientific American\", described the film as propaganda, with \"USA Today\" adding that it was \"a political rant disguised as a serious commentary on stifled freedom of inquiry\" and \"Scientific American\" calling it \"a science-free attack on Darwin\". \" The New York Times\" deemed it \"a conspiracy-theory rant masquerading as investigative inquiry\" and \"an unprincipled propaganda piece that insults believers and nonbelievers alike\". The film was directed by Nathan Frankowski and stars Ben Stein. Stein provides narrative commentary throughout the film. He is depicted as visiting a sequence of universities to interview proponents of intelligent design who claim to have been victimized, and evolutionary scientists who are presented as atheists.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content."], "answer": {"text": "Stein was fired from his position as a Sunday Business columnist at The New York Times in August 2009,", "answer_start": 894}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any best sellers?", "answer": {"text": "His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market.", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any other books?", "answer": {"text": "He has also written for numerous publications including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Penthouse, Los Angeles Magazine, and Barron's Magazine,", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#5", "question": "Why was he fired from his position?", "rewrite": "Why was Ben Stein fired from his position?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival.", "Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism.", "For details see [17]. [5] [15]  K-strophanthidin can enter the body by oral ingestion or intravenously. There is a significant difference in urinary excretion between those two possibilities. The half-life of k-strophanthidin when ingested orally is 23.3 hours whereas the half-life after intravenous injection is only 13.4 hours. After 24 hours already 80% of that compound is eliminated from the body. Most the substance is excreted as a conjugated metabolites, only a small amount is excreted unchanged. There are three metabolic routes possible for k-strophanthidin. The first is the cleavage of the cymarose residue of cymarin (k-strophanthidin-alpha) which leads to k-strophantidin. Secondly, a reduction of C aldehyde group of cymarin or k-strophanthidin can take place. This results in the formation of cymarol and k-strophanthidol. The third important route is the conjugation of cymarin and its metabolites with glucuronate and sulfate at the sugar residue or C of the genin. This is the main route of urinary excretion. The metabolization routes do not differ considering the method of administration (orally or intravenously) so it is still unclear why the half-life differs that much. Cymarin (or k-strophanthidin) is a cardiac glycoside which works as an inhibitor of Na /K-ATPase . This inhibition has an inotropic effect on the cardiac muscles increasing their force by approximately 100%.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content.", "This can be done via the Koenigs-Knorr method, in which strophanthidin is glycosylated with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl bromide. These two compounds are the precursors of convallatoxin. After alkaline hydrolysis, extraction from strophanthidin residues and crystallization of isopropanol, the reaction product is liberated. This reaction product is convallatoxin. When using 10 grams of strophanthidin, you can produce 13.6 grams of convallatoxin. Convallatoxin is a digitalis like compound (DLC), which is mainly used as a cardiac glycoside since it can inhibit the Na,K-ATPase in congestive heart failure or arrythmias, which causes an inotropic effect, same as many other digitalis like compounds. The Na,K-ATPase creates the ion gradient between the intra- and extracellular domains of a cell. It does this by transporting three potassium ions out of and two sodium ions into the cell. If the Na,K-ATPase is inhibited, potassium will accumulate in the cell, leading to hyperkalaemia and neuromuscular dysfunction in the heart. Potassium accumulation will inhibit the calcium from exiting the cell, causing calcium accumulation as well. If calcium accumulates in cardiac myocytes, the uptake of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is increased. Thus, when stimulation of the cardiac muscle occurs, the SR releases higher levels of calcium, which increases the contractility of the myocytes."], "answer": {"text": "due to a policy prohibiting writers from performing product endorsements or advertising.", "answer_start": 997}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any best sellers?", "answer": {"text": "His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market.", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any other books?", "answer": {"text": "He has also written for numerous publications including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Penthouse, Los Angeles Magazine, and Barron's Magazine,", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is he well liked?", "answer": {"text": "Stein was fired from his position as a Sunday Business columnist at The New York Times in August 2009,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#6", "question": "Was he guilty of this?", "rewrite": "Was Ben Stein guilty?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Leighton Buzzard Light Railway The Leighton Buzzard Light Railway (LBLR) is a light railway in Leighton Buzzard in Bedfordshire, England. It operates on narrow-gauge track and is just under long. The line was built after the First World War to serve sand quarries north of the town. In the late 1960s the quarries switched to road transport and the railway was taken over by volunteers, who now run the line as a heritage railway. A bed of Lower Cretaceous sand across Bedfordshire has been quarried on a small scale for centuries. The most significant occur around Leighton Buzzard. In the 19th century sand was carried by horse carts from quarries south of the town to be shipped on the Dunstable-Leighton Buzzard railway. The carts damaged roads and resulted in claims for compensation against the quarry owners from Bedfordshire County Council. At the end of the century steam wagons were introduced which increased the damage to roads. The outbreak of the First World War cut off supplies of foundry sand from Belgium. Sand was needed for ammunition factories and new sources were sought. Leighton Buzzard sands proved well suited and production increased. After 1919 the quarry companies were told they could no longer transport sand by roads, so a private industrial railway was proposed to take the traffic. Leighton Buzzard Light Railway opened on Thursday 20 November 1919, linking the sand quarries (Double Arches at the far end of the line) with the mainline railway south of the town at Grovebury sidings. The line was built using surplus equipment from the War Department Light Railways. The railway was built to a gauge of and laid using mostly rail. The line opened using steam traction by two Hudswell Clarke 0-6-0 side tank steam locomotives. These proved inappropriate for the tightly-curved line and the steam locomotives were sold in 1921. From that point the railway was run using internal combustion, almost exclusively the products of the Motor Rail company.", "Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival.", "In later seasons, the contestant's booth was made to appear in disrepair, with a large crack running down the back wall and some wallpaper missing. At the end of the fourth season, three of the best contestants of the season who had earlier won $5,000 returned for a special \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode, for a chance to win $25,000. In the first round, question values were $200, $400, and $600, with follow-up questions worth $200. In the second round, questions were worth $800\u2013$2,000 in increments of $400. The winner attempted to defeat Stein for the entire $25,000. In a previous \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode in season two, three contestants who already won $5,000 received a chance to win another $5,000. Question values in the first two rounds were the same as always. Stein often poked fun at rival quiz show \"Jeopardy!\", given the similarities of formats between both shows. As such, any contestant who accidentally responded in the form of a question was made to wear a dunce cap for the rest of the round. \"Win Roy & H.G.'s Money\", an Australian version hosted by \"Rampaging\" Roy Slaven (John Doyle) and H.G. Nelson (Greg Pickhaver), aired on Seven Network from 1999\u20132000. The grand prize was AUD$5,000. Win Beadle's Money was a British version hosted by Jeremy Beadle and Richard Morton. It aired on Channel 5 from 2 August to 22 December 1999 and was produced by Grundy. The grand prize was \u00a31,000. \"Hoztam egy milli\u00f3t!\" , hosted by Tam\u00e1s Vitray with N\u00f3ra Kov\u00e1cs, aired on Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3 in 2003.", "Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content."], "answer": {"text": "Stein had recently become an advertising spokesman for credit information company Freescore.com, and according to a Times statement, had assumed there would be no conflict", "answer_start": 1086}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any best sellers?", "answer": {"text": "His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market.", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any other books?", "answer": {"text": "He has also written for numerous publications including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Penthouse, Los Angeles Magazine, and Barron's Magazine,", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is he well liked?", "answer": {"text": "Stein was fired from his position as a Sunday Business columnist at The New York Times in August 2009,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he fired from his position?", "answer": {"text": "due to a policy prohibiting writers from performing product endorsements or advertising.", "answer_start": 997, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f5e67e017d9440ddb423bbfa2a281206_1_q#7", "question": "Was he shammed for this?", "rewrite": "Was Ben Stein shammed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In later seasons, the contestant's booth was made to appear in disrepair, with a large crack running down the back wall and some wallpaper missing. At the end of the fourth season, three of the best contestants of the season who had earlier won $5,000 returned for a special \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode, for a chance to win $25,000. In the first round, question values were $200, $400, and $600, with follow-up questions worth $200. In the second round, questions were worth $800\u2013$2,000 in increments of $400. The winner attempted to defeat Stein for the entire $25,000. In a previous \"Ben Stein's Cup\" episode in season two, three contestants who already won $5,000 received a chance to win another $5,000. Question values in the first two rounds were the same as always. Stein often poked fun at rival quiz show \"Jeopardy!\", given the similarities of formats between both shows. As such, any contestant who accidentally responded in the form of a question was made to wear a dunce cap for the rest of the round. \"Win Roy & H.G.'s Money\", an Australian version hosted by \"Rampaging\" Roy Slaven (John Doyle) and H.G. Nelson (Greg Pickhaver), aired on Seven Network from 1999\u20132000. The grand prize was AUD$5,000. Win Beadle's Money was a British version hosted by Jeremy Beadle and Richard Morton. It aired on Channel 5 from 2 August to 22 December 1999 and was produced by Grundy. The grand prize was \u00a31,000. \"Hoztam egy milli\u00f3t!\" , hosted by Tam\u00e1s Vitray with N\u00f3ra Kov\u00e1cs, aired on Magyar Telev\u00edzi\u00f3 in 2003.", "Herbert Stein Herbert Stein (August 27, 1916 \u2013 September 8, 1999) was an American economist, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and was on the board of contributors of \"The Wall Street Journal\". He was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. From 1974 until 1984, he was the A. Willis Robertson Professor of Economics at the University of Virginia. Stein was born on August 27, 1916, in Detroit, Michigan, and his family moved to New York during the Great Depression. He enrolled in Williams College just before he turned sixteen. After graduating with Phi Beta Kappa honors, he went to Washington, D.C., to work as an economist in various agencies. He received his doctorate of philosophy in economics from the University of Chicago in 1958. Stein, who died September 8, 1999, in Washington, D.C. was married to Mildred Stein, who died in 1997 after 61 years of marriage. He is the father of lawyer, author, and actor Ben Stein (\"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\", \"Win Ben Stein's Money\") and writer Rachel Stein. Herbert Stein was also the original writer for the advice column Dear Prudence. Stein was known as a pragmatic conservative and was referred to as \"a liberal's conservative and a conservative's liberal.\" He was the author of \"The Fiscal Revolution in America\". In one article, Stein wrote that the people who wore an \"Adam Smith necktie\" did so to:  make a statement of their devotion to the idea of free markets and limited government. What stands out in [Smith's seminal work] \"Wealth of Nations,\" however, is that their patron saint was not pure or doctrinaire about this idea. He viewed government intervention in the market with great skepticism.", "Win Ben Stein's Money Win Ben Stein's Money is an American television game show created by Al Burton and Donnie Brainard that aired first-run episodes from July 28, 1997 to January 31, 2003 on Comedy Central. The show featured three contestants who competed to answer general knowledge questions in order to win the grand prize of $5,000 from the show's host, Ben Stein. In the second half of each episode, Stein participated as a \"common\" contestant in order to defend his money from being taken by his competitors. The show won six Daytime Emmy awards, with Stein and Jimmy Kimmel, the show's original co-host, sharing the Outstanding Game Show Host award in 1999. As noted in a disclaimer during the closing credits, prize money won by contestants was paid from a prize budget furnished by the producers of the show. Any money left over in that budget at the end of a season was given to Stein. If the total amount paid out during a season exceeded that budget, the production company paid the excess. In this way, Stein was never in any danger of losing money from his own pocket. Stein's co-host was Jimmy Kimmel for the first three years. Kimmel left in 2000 and was replaced by Nancy Pimental, who co-hosted the program through 2001. Kimmel's cousin, \"Cousin Sal\" Iacono, who took over the role in 2002, was the show's last co-host. Although Kimmel left the program in 2000, he occasionally made guest appearances afterward, and hosted College Week episodes in 2001. The game began with three contestants and $5,000 in Stein's bank. Five categories were always available for contestants to choose from, with pun-laden titles hinting at the questions' content.", "Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed is a 2008 American documentary-style propaganda film directed by Nathan Frankowski and starring Ben Stein. The film contends that there is a conspiracy in academia to oppress and exclude people who believe in intelligent design. It portrays the scientific theory of evolution as a contributor to communism, fascism, atheism, eugenics and, in particular, Nazi atrocities in the Holocaust. Although intelligent design is a pseudoscientific religious idea, the film presents it as science-based, without giving a detailed definition of the concept or attempting to explain it on a scientific level. Other than briefly addressing issues of irreducible complexity, \"Expelled\" examines intelligent design as a political issue. \"Expelled\" opened in 1,052 movie theaters, more than any other documentary before it, and grossed over $2,900,000 in its first weekend. It earned $7.7 million, making it the 33rd highest-grossing documentary film in the United States (as of 2018, and not adjusted for inflation). Media response to the film has been largely negative. Multiple reviews, including those of \"USA Today\" and \"Scientific American\", described the film as propaganda, with \"USA Today\" adding that it was \"a political rant disguised as a serious commentary on stifled freedom of inquiry\" and \"Scientific American\" calling it \"a science-free attack on Darwin\". \" The New York Times\" deemed it \"a conspiracy-theory rant masquerading as investigative inquiry\" and \"an unprincipled propaganda piece that insults believers and nonbelievers alike\". The film was directed by Nathan Frankowski and stars Ben Stein. Stein provides narrative commentary throughout the film. He is depicted as visiting a sequence of universities to interview proponents of intelligent design who claim to have been victimized, and evolutionary scientists who are presented as atheists.", "Kimmel went on to host his own show at KCMJ in Palm Springs, California, where he persuaded a young Carson Daly to drop out of college and become his intern. After a morning stint at KRQQ in Tucson, Arizona, Kimmel landed at KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. He spent five years as \"Jimmy The Sports Guy\" for the Kevin and Bean morning show. During this time he met and befriended a struggling comedian named Adam Carolla. Kimmel began his television career as the comedic counterpart to Ben Stein on the game show \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", which began airing on Comedy Central in 1997. His quick wit and \"everyman\" personality were counterpoints to Stein's monotonous vocal style and faux-patrician demeanor. The combination earned the pair an Emmy award for Best Game Show Host. In 1999, during his time with \"Win Ben Stein's Money\", Kimmel co-hosted (with Adam Carolla) and co-produced (with Daniel Kellison), Comedy Central's \"The Man Show\". Kimmel left \"Win Ben Stein's Money\" in 2001 and was replaced by comedian Nancy Pimental, who was eventually replaced by Kimmel's cousin Sal Iacono. \" The Man Show\"'s success allowed Kimmel, Carolla, and Kellison to create and produce, under the banner Jackhole Productions, \"Crank Yankers\" for Comedy Central (on which Kimmel plays the characters \"Elmer Higgins\", \"Terrence Catheter\", \"The Nudge\", \"Karl Malone\" and himself) and later \"The Andy Milonakis Show\" for MTV2. Kimmel also produced and co-wrote the feature film \"Windy City Heat\", Festival Prize winner of the Comedia Award for Best Film at the 2004 Montreal Comedy Festival."], "answer": {"text": "the publication felt that it would be inappropriate for him to write for them while he was involved in advertising, and terminated his contract.", "answer_start": 1365}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Ben Stein a writer?", "answer": {"text": "Stein writes frequently on a variety of topics,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any best sellers?", "answer": {"text": "His bestselling books (with investment advisor Phil DeMuth) include Yes, You Can Retire Comfortably, Can America Survive?, and Yes, You Can Time the Market.", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write any other books?", "answer": {"text": "He has also written for numerous publications including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, New York Magazine, Penthouse, Los Angeles Magazine, and Barron's Magazine,", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is he well liked?", "answer": {"text": "Stein was fired from his position as a Sunday Business columnist at The New York Times in August 2009,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he fired from his position?", "answer": {"text": "due to a policy prohibiting writers from performing product endorsements or advertising.", "answer_start": 997, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he guilty of this?", "answer": {"text": "Stein had recently become an advertising spokesman for credit information company Freescore.com, and according to a Times statement, had assumed there would be no conflict", "answer_start": 1086, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b553ee814864c8887a6c2c7a22544b2_0_q#0", "question": "What is Homicide Life on the street?", "rewrite": "What is Homicide Life on the street?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike initially turns it down, worried that he is not up to the challenge, but after visiting his father at his dead-end job on production line of a local distillery, he returns to the station house to accept Giardello's offer. On the rooftop, Pembleton admits to Bayliss that he is frightened by the prospect of bringing a child into such a dangerous world. 1. Kalat, David P. (1998). \"Homicide: Life on the Street: The Unofficial Companion\". Los Angeles, California: Renaissance Books. p. 102. . 2. Levinson, Barry. (2003) (Audio commentary). \" Homicide Life on the Street - The Seasons 1 & 2\". [DVD]. A&E Home Video.", "They begin to argue, but they are interrupted by news of another arson attack. When Pembleton, Bayliss and Kellerman arrive at the scene, they are told that a body has been spotted inside the burning building, and Kellerman admits that Pembleton's theory about Landry's death may have been right. When the mystery informant calls Pembleton with the tipoff about the fire, he turns up the volume of his car radio, which is playing the Jimi Hendrix version of the Bob Dylan song \"All Along The Watchtower\", and this music carries through the subsequent sequence. 1. Kalat, David P. (1998). \"Homicide: Life on the Street: The Unofficial Companion\". Los Angeles, California: Renaissance Books. p. 102. . 2. Levinson, Barry. (2003) (Audio commentary). \" Homicide Life on the Street - The Seasons 1 & 2\". [DVD]. A&E Home Video.", "Hoping to rattle a confession out of him, Pembleton tricks Pratt into attempting to translate a passage from Plato, but unlike Pembleton, Pratt cannot read the original Greek, and his radical misinterpretation of Plato's words reveals that he is a fake. Unfortunately, this strategy backfires on Pembleton, when an angered Pratt demands a lawyer. The attorney arranges Pratt's release, leading to rising tensions within the Homicide unit and even a physical altercation between Munch and Pembleton. In the episode's epilogue, Bayliss is called to a crime scene and discovers that Pratt has been shot; reporters question Bayliss whether a police officer seeking revenge for the shootings may have been responsible. While searching through Pratt's apartment, the police discover a photograph which echoes Lee Harvey Oswald's infamous \"backyard photos,\" with Pratt himself mimicking Oswald's pose. 1. Kalat, David P. (1998). Homicide: Life on the Street: The Unofficial Companion. Los Angeles, California: Renaissance Books. . 2. Bonner, Lee. (2003). Homicide Life on the Street - Season 3 (episode \"End Game\"). [DVD]. A&E Home Video.", "Al Giardello, John Munch, Paul Falsone, Rene Sheppard, Terri Stivers and Laura Ballard do not appear in this episode. The episode was originally planned for airing on April 30, 1999, but NBC moved it back one week to put more distance between the show's gunman/hostage story and the Columbine massacre. A minor continuity error occurs involving Mike Giardello's character, since he resigns from the FBI in \"Identity Crisis\" (the episode moved into the 4/30 spot). In this episode, he is referred to as \"Officer Giardello.\" 1. Kalat, David P. (1998). Homicide: Life on the Street: The Unofficial Companion. Los Angeles, California: Renaissance Books. . 2. Bigelow, Kathryn. (2005). Homicide Life on the Street - Season 7 (episode \"Lines of Fire\"). [DVD]. A&E Home Video.", "Victor explains to Danny that his plan is to repeatedly tamper with the evidence at the crime scene, in hopes that the investigation will eventually become hopelessly confused, and a public humiliation for Pembleton. His plan starts to work, but Danny\u2014who has come to respect Pembleton after observing the way he lives his life\u2014walks away from Victor's plan, pointing out that unlike Victor the detective takes responsibility for his own life and actions. Losing patience, Victor lures Pembleton into an abandoned building by calling in an anonymous tip on where Frank can retrieve the knife and the head. Victor takes Frank by surprise, putting the knife to his throat, but cannot bring himself to kill the detective. He breaks down in tears and is taken into custody. According to the DVD commentary by director/producer Barry Levinson, NBC was on the fence about whether to renew \"Homicide\" for a fourth season; the show was earning critical acclaim, but struggling in the ratings. Levinson claims that the network led him to believe that the show would be cancelled, and yet failed to give him a definitive answer. Levinson's decision to give the show's acclaimed regular characters minimal screen time was an act of defiance aimed at the network. Danny listens to a constant stream of disco songs from the 1970s; the list of songs is provided on the DVD release of the episode. 1. Kalat, David P. (1998). \"Homicide: Life on the Street: The Unofficial Companion\". Los Angeles, California: Renaissance Books. p. 102. . 2. Levinson, Barry. (2003) (Audio commentary). \" Homicide Life on the Street - The Seasons 1 & 2\". [DVD]. A&E Home Video."], "answer": {"text": "The publishers of Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets were eager for a screen adaptation", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8b553ee814864c8887a6c2c7a22544b2_0_q#1", "question": "Did they get a screen adaption?", "rewrite": "Did David Simon \"Homicide\" get a screen adaption?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Homicide: Life on the Street Homicide: Life on the Street is an American police procedural television series chronicling the work of a fictional version of the Baltimore Police Department's Homicide Unit. It ran for seven seasons (122 episodes) on NBC from January 31, 1993 to May 21, 1999, and was succeeded by \"\" (2000), which served as the \"de facto\" series finale. The series was originally based on David Simon's book \"\" (1991). Many of the characters and stories used throughout the show were based on events depicted in the book. While \"Homicide\" featured an ensemble cast, Andre Braugher emerged as a breakout star through his portrayal of Detective Frank Pembleton. The show won Television Critics Association Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Drama in 1996, 1997, and 1998. It also became the first drama ever to win three Peabody Awards for drama in 1993, 1995, and 1997. It received recognition from the Primetime Emmy Awards, Satellite Awards, Image Awards, Viewers for Quality Television, GLAAD Media Awards and Young Artist Awards. In 1997, the episode \"Prison Riot\" was ranked No. 32 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2007, it was listed as one of \"TIME\" magazine's \"Best TV Shows of All-\"TIME\".\" In 1996, \"TV Guide\" named the series ' The Best Show You're Not Watching'. The show placed #46 on \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"New TV Classics\" list. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #55 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. \"Homicide: Life on the Street\" was adapted from \"\", a non-fiction book by \"Baltimore Sun\" reporter David Simon, based on his experience following a Baltimore Police Department homicide unit.", "Michael and Sean managed to record Stringer's number plate, which aided their father's investigation. In a brief appearance in the fourth season, he says he wants to be a video game designer. The following is a list of actual Baltimore Police Department officers who have appeared on the show at some point. Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of \"The Corner\" and \".\" recurring character  Former Baltimore Police Department Major who was featured homicide unit shift lieutenant in David Simon's \"\". He appears recurringly as a grand jury prosecutor named Gary DiPasquale. Former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in Season 5. recurring character  Former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's \"\". He appears recurringly as Western District Administrative Lieutenant turned Major Dennis Mello. Recurring character Former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a recurring character of the same name working as a homicide detective. Baltimore Police Department C.I.D. Major who appears as a patrolman in Season 4 who encounters mayoral candidate Tommy Carcetti. Worden is a former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's \"\" who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in season five. He is also mentioned in episodes in season one (\"The Pager\"), season three (\"Slapstick\"), season four (\"Margin of Error\") and season five (\"Not for Attribution\"). The following is a list of other Baltimore Police Department officers who have been mentioned on the show at some point. Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of \"The Corner\" and \".\" Mentioned in :Season three: \" Slapstick\"", "Former Baltimore Police Department narcotics detective turned school teacher who co-authored \"The Corner\" with David Simon. recurring character of the same name  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character of the same name played by actor Gregory L. Williams throughout the series. Mentioned in :Season one: \"Cleaning Up\" Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured prominently in David Simon's ''. He is mentioned by his last name as the detective investigating the murder of Nakeysha Lyles. recurring character of the same name  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character of the same name played by actor Brian Anthony Wilson throughout the series. Mentioned in :Season one: \"The Target\" Former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's \"\". Nolan's name is mentioned as the sergeant of another homicide unit in the department. Mentioned in :Season five: \"Transitions\"  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character named Oscar Requer played by actor Roscoe Orman in Season 5. Requer was the basis for the character of Bunk Moreland.", "When the unit was assigned Lieutenant Marimow as a commander, Freamon transferred out. Massey and Sydnor were left to face Marimow closing down their wiretaps and ordering raids on weeks old targets. The Homicide Unit of the Baltimore City Police Department is responsible for the investigation of all unexplained deaths that take place within Baltimore City. They are also responsible for investigating all police-related shootings, and, because the homicide unit is generally regarded as containing the best detectives on the police force, they are often given high-profile cases which are not necessarily homicides. A clearance rate of 50% or more for the year is aimed for and the Unit is among the most demanding in the Criminal Investigations Division. Sergeant Landsman's squad is typically the focus of the show, though there is at least one other squad (according to David Simon's book, there are typically three homicide squads in Baltimore, on rotating shifts). The unit is under the C.I.D. supervision of Rawls in season 2, then Raymond Foerster from the start of season 3 until Foerster's death from cancer, at which point the role is taken over by Cedric Daniels. Like the real department described in David Simon's , the unit uses a red-black system of tracking cases where red is the color for an open/not cleared case and black is the color for a closed/cleared case. Additionally similar slang such as \"dunkers\" (easy cases), \"whodunits\" (difficult cases), and \"redball\" (media attention gaining cases) are used to describe the various cases. Victims who are not associated with the drug trade or other crime are often referred to as \"taxpayers\".", "Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets is a 1991 book written by \"Baltimore Sun\" reporter David Simon describing a year spent with detectives from the Baltimore Police Department Homicide Unit. The book received the 1992 Edgar Award in the Best Fact Crime category. The book was subsequently fictionalized as the NBC television drama \"\" (1993\u201399), on which Simon served as a writer and producer. Many of the key detectives and incidents portrayed in the book provided inspiration for the first two seasons of the show, with other elements surfacing in later seasons as well. It later also provided inspiration for the HBO television series \"The Wire\" (2002\u201308). David Simon, a reporter for \"The Baltimore Sun\", spent four years on the police beat before taking a leave of absence to write this book. He had persuaded the Baltimore Police Department to allow him access to the city's Homicide Unit for calendar year 1988, and throughout that year he shadowed one shift of detectives as they investigated cases, conducted interrogations, executed search and arrest warrants, and testified at trials. Baltimore recorded 234 murders during the year Simon spent with the Homicide Unit. A total of 567 murders occurred in the city for the years 1989 and 1990 combined, the period during which Simon wrote \"Homicide\". The book was published in 1991, during which Baltimore saw a record 353 murders. Simon said he was particularly interested in the demythification of the American detective. Although detectives are typically portrayed as noble characters who care deeply about their victims, Simon believed real detectives regarded violence as a normal aspect of their jobs. \"Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets\" provides a sympathetic but unromantic portrait of crime fighting in a major American city at the height of the late 1980s crime epidemic."], "answer": {"text": "award-winning TV series Homicide: Life on the Street", "answer_start": 386}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Homicide Life on the street?", "answer": {"text": "The publishers of Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets were eager for a screen adaptation", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b553ee814864c8887a6c2c7a22544b2_0_q#2", "question": "What role did David play?", "rewrite": "What role did David play in Homicide: Life on the Street?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child\" and \"Little David Play on Your Harp\". On March 29, 1934, Coretti celebrated her tenth year on the Soviet stage with a radio concert at the Moscow Radio-Theater with many other Soviet entertainers. The radio broadcast reached as far as Paris where it was praised by the French press. After the assassination of Sergei Mironovich Kirov, Stalin's assumed successor, on December 1, 1934, life became much more oppressed within the Soviet Union. Early 1935, Coretti and developed close reltionships with Paul Robeson and Marian Anderson as they toured across the Soviet Union. In May 1936, Coretti appeared in the film \"Circus\" in the minor role as the nanny of the little black son of the heroine of the film Marion Dixon (Lyubov Orlova), before returning to her usual touring. On June 22, 1941, Germany invaded the USSR. Coretti survived the German invasion of Russia, with Hitler's army arrested only 44 miles (71 km) from Moscow. She organized an anti-air-raid squad on the roof of her apartment building and nursed ailing soldiers at Hospital No. 5012. On December 5, the Red Army brought all its might into German positions causing the Wehrmacht to hastily withdraw. This marked the prelude to many victories for the Red Army. Despite the war, on December 7, at the Maly Theatre, the All-Union Tour Association organized a concert revue of English and American Music & Songs. Honored Artist of the USSR, F. Petrova sang \"Cowboy from Texas\" and \"Matrosskaya\". This was followed by Coretti's successful performance, introducing Muscovites to the vocal works of English composers Purcell, Balfi, Quelter and American composers Johnson and Laurent.", "Following the match, Homicide told Ring of Honor commissioner Jim Cornette that he wished to be rewarded with a shot at the ROH World Championship, a match with Steve Corino and the re-instatement of Low Ki, who Cornette had suspended several months earlier. After Cornette granted the first two \"wishes\" but refused to bring back Low Ki, Homicide spat in his face, prompting Cornette and his bodyguard, Adam Pearce, to beat Homicide down. A match was scheduled for August 5 between Homicide and Pearce, which eventually turned into a tag team match involving Homicide, BJ Whitmer, Steve Corino and Adam Pearce. Homicide then began teaming with Samoa Joe against the Briscoes. His feud with Jim Cornette came to an abrupt end, when Cornette left Ring of Honor on November 4, 2006. On November 25, Homicide and Samoa Joe beat the Briscoes in a Street Fight, thus ending their feud. Homicide then focused on facing Bryan Danielson for the ROH World Championship at \"Final Battle 2006\". He stated that if he did not win the ROH World Title at Final Battle, he would leave ROH. On December 23, Homicide defeated Bryan Danielson in 29:12 to win the ROH title. Adam Pearce and Shane Hagadorn attacked Homicide at one point and it was stopped, but the ref refused to end it on a DQ. At another point, Danielson would not break on the ropes and again the ref refused to call a DQ. Danielson even managed to get his hand on the rope after a \"Cop Killa\". Homicide finally won with a lariat. Homicide defended successfully against Chris Hero and Samoa Joe on January 26 and 27. Homicide then successfully defended the championship against Jimmy Rave on February 16 in the same building where he won the belt, the Manhattan Center in New York City.", "Homicide also tried to cut Cabana's tongue out. Even Homicide's enemy Steve Corino returned to help Cabana. After many months, the feud ended when Cabana beat Homicide in a Chicago Street Fight. After the match, Homicide showed a rare display of respect when he hugged Cabana. In February 2006, ROH Commissioner Jim Cornette suspended Low Ki indefinitely for knocking out his tooth (in reality, Low Ki left over a dispute about travel arrangements with ROH). After Homicide became ROH's savior in the Cage of Death match against Combat Zone Wrestling at \"Death Before Dishonor IV\", Cornette said he would grant him three requests. Homicide said he wanted a match with Steve Corino, a shot at the ROH World Championship, and the reinstatement of Low Ki. Cornette granted the first to but refused to allow Low Ki back, infuriating Homicide. Homicide spit in Cornette's face, but was then attacked by Adam Pearce. After being sprayed in the eyes with mace, Homicide was handcuffed to the ringpost, allowing Cornette to whip him with his belt. Despite being in a feud with him, Jim Cornette was true to his word. He booked a match between Homicide and Steve Corino, and he did give Homicide (who vowed to quit ROH if he didn't win the ROH World Championship by the end of the year) a title shot at \"Final Battle 2006\", but he was going to do everything he could to insure Homicide would fail. Around this time, Cornette also stopped booking Ricky Reyes in matches. Cornette sent The Briscoe Brothers and Adam Pearce after Homicide, who, along with Samoa Joe, was able to fight them off. Homicide was set to face Corino in a Fight Without Honor on November 4, but Cornette would not allow a fair match.", "Throughout the development stage of the production of \"Prometheus\", director Ridley Scott considered German-Irish actor Michael Fassbender to be his top choice to portray David. In January 2011, Fassbender was confirmed to have joined the cast of \"Prometheus\". Fassbender was provided with a significant amount of free rein for modeling the character as he saw fit. Rather than taking inspiration from the previous \"Alien\" installments, Fassbender studied Sean Young's character Rachael, a replicant in \"Blade Runner\", noting her vacant demeanor. Fassbender drew inspiration from a number of other film performances, including Douglas Rain as HAL 9000 in \"\", David Bowie in \"The Man Who Fell to Earth\", and Dirk Bogarde in \"The Servant\". Additionally, Fassbender modeled his walk around American Olympic diver Greg Louganis. In the screenplay for \"Prometheus\", David is noted as being unusually fond of the 1962 film \"Lawrence of Arabia\", with the character viewing parallels to himself, as they both have unfaltering pursuits of the objectives. As such, Fassbender elected to model much of his performance and appearance around the Peter O'Toole depiction of T. E. Lawrence. Fassbender would continue to have his role make references to \"Lawrence of Arabia\" in \"\" by having David play samplings of the soundtrack on his flute. For his first appearance in \"Prometheus\", Fassbender, a natural brunette, dyed his hair blonde and fashioned it into a style influenced by Lawrence. Scott requested that Fassbender dye his hair for the role, in order to provide the character with an otherworldly and unsettling appearance.", "Jaque Mate (film) Jaque Mate is a 2011 Dominican drama film directed and written by Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Cabral. The film was selected as the Dominican entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards. David Hernandez is the well-known host of a popular fictional game show, \u201cJaque Mate\u201d (Checkmate). The show has a segment in which he answers calls from audience members. One day he receives an anonymous call, telling him his son and his wife have been kidnapped. The kidnapper threatens him with killing them if he doesn\u2019t follow his instructions, making David play his game on live television. This results in David\u2019s pursuit to get his family back safe and sound. The director was inspired to write the script after watching the documentary \u201cFuga o Muerte\u201d (Run or Die) about the robbery of Dominican Republic\u2019s Banco del Progreso in 1993. Dominican production house, Antena Latina Films, produced the film. The film premiered on 12 April 2011. The premier was widely publicized through social media by the production company. They encouraged the public to attend the premier by raffling tickets through various media outlets."], "answer": {"text": "He collaborated with his old college friend David Mills to write the season two premiere", "answer_start": 623}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Homicide Life on the street?", "answer": {"text": "The publishers of Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets were eager for a screen adaptation", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get a screen adaption?", "answer": {"text": "award-winning TV series Homicide: Life on the Street", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b553ee814864c8887a6c2c7a22544b2_0_q#3", "question": "Was the show well received?", "rewrite": "Was the show Homicide: Life on the Street well received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Following Corino's match, Homicide ran down to the ring and attacked him. Colt Cabana ran down to the ring to save Corino, only to have Homicide pour Drano down his throat. On January 14, at ROH's \"Hell Freezes Over\" Homicide lost the Full Impact Pro Heavyweight Championship to Bryan Danielson in a three\u2013way match which also included Roderick Strong, ending his reign of over 15 months. On February 25 at the \"Fourth Anniversary Show\", Homicide defeated Cabana in a \"Ghetto Fight\". Homicide went on to defeat Cabana once again on March 31. On April 1, in a Chicago Street Fight, Cabana finally defeated Homicide. Following the match, Homicide and Cabana embraced, with Cabana having won Homicide's respect. Throughout mid-2006, Homicide resisted Combat Zone Wrestling's (CZW) invasion of Ring of Honor until May 13, 2006, when he defeated Necro Butcher after a wild brawl in Edison, New Jersey, which involved over 600 chairs being thrown into the ring by the fans. He also challenged Bryan Danielson for the ROH World Championship on June 3, but lost due to referee stoppage, prompting Homicide to attack referee Todd Sinclair. After defeating Chris Hero, the leader of the CZW invasion, on June 17, Homicide said he would quit Ring of Honor if he did not win the ROH World Championship by the end of the year. His frustration with Ring of Honor grew when he was counted-out during an ROH Pure Championship bout with Nigel McGuinness on June 24. On July 15, Homicide took part in a five-on-five Cage of Death match pitting members of the Ring of Honor roster against members of the CZW roster, winning the bout for his team by pinning Nate Webb.", "Barnsdall Main Street Well Site The Barnsdall Main Street Well (also known as Indian Territory Illuminating Oil Company Well #20 Osage County) is a formerly active oil well in the middle of Main Street in the town of Barnsdall, Oklahoma. It is believed to be the only such oil well anywhere in the world. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on October 1, 1997, as part of the \"Energy Related Resources in Northeastern Oklahoma Multiple Property Submission\". According to signage at the site, the well was completed on March 18, 1914, with a depth of 1771 feet. It remained active until the 1960s. The Barnsdall Main Street Well actually sits on Main Street, west of 8th Street in northwest Barnsdall. According to the NRHP application, \"...this is the only publicly accessible historic well site in the Barnsdall oil field. \" It was listed under NRHP Criterion A, with a period of significance of 1914-1930. The application also states that at maximum production, this well could have produced 8 to 10 barrels of oil per day. The pumping unit that is now on site is not the original \"flathead\" model, which was replaced sometime after 1962. The more modern unit is skid mounted whose prime mover (an electric motor), gears, wellhead connections and rods appear in good condition, though the unit no longer operates. The unit is surrounded by a high chain-link fence, blocking access to the pump area. The NRHP application states that the fact that the pump and fence are not original (and therefore not contributing resources) do not compromise the site's integrity. The explanation is that the original casing head is still in place and that it marks the exact location of the well. Moreover, the location and setting have not changed appreciably since the period of significance.", "Homicide also tried to cut Cabana's tongue out. Even Homicide's enemy Steve Corino returned to help Cabana. After many months, the feud ended when Cabana beat Homicide in a Chicago Street Fight. After the match, Homicide showed a rare display of respect when he hugged Cabana. In February 2006, ROH Commissioner Jim Cornette suspended Low Ki indefinitely for knocking out his tooth (in reality, Low Ki left over a dispute about travel arrangements with ROH). After Homicide became ROH's savior in the Cage of Death match against Combat Zone Wrestling at \"Death Before Dishonor IV\", Cornette said he would grant him three requests. Homicide said he wanted a match with Steve Corino, a shot at the ROH World Championship, and the reinstatement of Low Ki. Cornette granted the first to but refused to allow Low Ki back, infuriating Homicide. Homicide spit in Cornette's face, but was then attacked by Adam Pearce. After being sprayed in the eyes with mace, Homicide was handcuffed to the ringpost, allowing Cornette to whip him with his belt. Despite being in a feud with him, Jim Cornette was true to his word. He booked a match between Homicide and Steve Corino, and he did give Homicide (who vowed to quit ROH if he didn't win the ROH World Championship by the end of the year) a title shot at \"Final Battle 2006\", but he was going to do everything he could to insure Homicide would fail. Around this time, Cornette also stopped booking Ricky Reyes in matches. Cornette sent The Briscoe Brothers and Adam Pearce after Homicide, who, along with Samoa Joe, was able to fight them off. Homicide was set to face Corino in a Fight Without Honor on November 4, but Cornette would not allow a fair match.", "Homicide: Life on the Street Homicide: Life on the Street is an American police procedural television series chronicling the work of a fictional version of the Baltimore Police Department's Homicide Unit. It ran for seven seasons (122 episodes) on NBC from January 31, 1993 to May 21, 1999, and was succeeded by \"\" (2000), which served as the \"de facto\" series finale. The series was originally based on David Simon's book \"\" (1991). Many of the characters and stories used throughout the show were based on events depicted in the book. While \"Homicide\" featured an ensemble cast, Andre Braugher emerged as a breakout star through his portrayal of Detective Frank Pembleton. The show won Television Critics Association Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Drama in 1996, 1997, and 1998. It also became the first drama ever to win three Peabody Awards for drama in 1993, 1995, and 1997. It received recognition from the Primetime Emmy Awards, Satellite Awards, Image Awards, Viewers for Quality Television, GLAAD Media Awards and Young Artist Awards. In 1997, the episode \"Prison Riot\" was ranked No. 32 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2007, it was listed as one of \"TIME\" magazine's \"Best TV Shows of All-\"TIME\".\" In 1996, \"TV Guide\" named the series ' The Best Show You're Not Watching'. The show placed #46 on \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"New TV Classics\" list. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #55 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. \"Homicide: Life on the Street\" was adapted from \"\", a non-fiction book by \"Baltimore Sun\" reporter David Simon, based on his experience following a Baltimore Police Department homicide unit.", "Homicide: Second Shift Homicide: Second Shift was an Internet web series presented in a static script/comic book format (there was no streaming video) that tied into the TV series \"\". The web-show started 21 February 1997. The show featured detectives of the homicide squad that worked the second shift, after the television detectives went home for the day. Several of the characters from \"Homicide: Second Shift\" had cameos on \"Homicide: Life on the Street\", and the show had one story crossover with the television show. The on-air/online crossover\u2014the first such crossover for NBC.\u2014was a three-part story-line. \" Homicide.com\", a season 7 episode \" Homicide: Life on the Street\", was the middle part of the crossover with \"Homicide: Second Shift\". Though the television episode was self-contained, parts one and three which were online only provided expanded context for the story."], "answer": {"text": "Simon and Mills won the WGA Award for Best Writing in a Drama for the episode.", "answer_start": 887}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Homicide Life on the street?", "answer": {"text": "The publishers of Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets were eager for a screen adaptation", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get a screen adaption?", "answer": {"text": "award-winning TV series Homicide: Life on the Street", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What role did David play?", "answer": {"text": "He collaborated with his old college friend David Mills to write the season two premiere", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b553ee814864c8887a6c2c7a22544b2_0_q#4", "question": "Was David a good writer?", "rewrite": "Was David Simon a good writer?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michael and Sean managed to record Stringer's number plate, which aided their father's investigation. In a brief appearance in the fourth season, he says he wants to be a video game designer. The following is a list of actual Baltimore Police Department officers who have appeared on the show at some point. Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of \"The Corner\" and \".\" recurring character  Former Baltimore Police Department Major who was featured homicide unit shift lieutenant in David Simon's \"\". He appears recurringly as a grand jury prosecutor named Gary DiPasquale. Former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in Season 5. recurring character  Former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's \"\". He appears recurringly as Western District Administrative Lieutenant turned Major Dennis Mello. Recurring character Former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a recurring character of the same name working as a homicide detective. Baltimore Police Department C.I.D. Major who appears as a patrolman in Season 4 who encounters mayoral candidate Tommy Carcetti. Worden is a former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's \"\" who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in season five. He is also mentioned in episodes in season one (\"The Pager\"), season three (\"Slapstick\"), season four (\"Margin of Error\") and season five (\"Not for Attribution\"). The following is a list of other Baltimore Police Department officers who have been mentioned on the show at some point. Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of \"The Corner\" and \".\" Mentioned in :Season three: \" Slapstick\"", "David Simon (disambiguation)  David Simon (born 1960) is an American journalist, novelist and TV writer. David Simon may also refer to:", "Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets is a 1991 book written by \"Baltimore Sun\" reporter David Simon describing a year spent with detectives from the Baltimore Police Department Homicide Unit. The book received the 1992 Edgar Award in the Best Fact Crime category. The book was subsequently fictionalized as the NBC television drama \"\" (1993\u201399), on which Simon served as a writer and producer. Many of the key detectives and incidents portrayed in the book provided inspiration for the first two seasons of the show, with other elements surfacing in later seasons as well. It later also provided inspiration for the HBO television series \"The Wire\" (2002\u201308). David Simon, a reporter for \"The Baltimore Sun\", spent four years on the police beat before taking a leave of absence to write this book. He had persuaded the Baltimore Police Department to allow him access to the city's Homicide Unit for calendar year 1988, and throughout that year he shadowed one shift of detectives as they investigated cases, conducted interrogations, executed search and arrest warrants, and testified at trials. Baltimore recorded 234 murders during the year Simon spent with the Homicide Unit. A total of 567 murders occurred in the city for the years 1989 and 1990 combined, the period during which Simon wrote \"Homicide\". The book was published in 1991, during which Baltimore saw a record 353 murders. Simon said he was particularly interested in the demythification of the American detective. Although detectives are typically portrayed as noble characters who care deeply about their victims, Simon believed real detectives regarded violence as a normal aspect of their jobs. \"Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets\" provides a sympathetic but unromantic portrait of crime fighting in a major American city at the height of the late 1980s crime epidemic.", "He worked with executive editor James Whiting at \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" and followed him to \"The Baltimore Sun\". Klebanow is often left with the responsibility for cutbacks and buyouts by Whiting. He comes across as vain and lacking character strength, but he has a good sense of the bottom line and the potential of a story to draw readers. Klebanow chairs the daily budget meetings and decides how much space to allocate to each story. Klebanow is based on former \"Baltimore Sun\" managing editor Bill Marimow, whom series creator David Simon despises. Tim Phelps is the editor of the paper's State Desk. He is pressured by cuts to staff and funding. Phelps is particularly displeased to be beaten to a story by the Daily Record. Phelps is a smoker and often spends time on the loading dock with his colleagues Gus Haynes, Roger Twigg and Jeff Price. He is named after Timothy Phelps, the state editor during David Simon's tenure at the \"Baltimore Sun\". Phelps is played by actor Thomas J. McCarthy. Another journalist character named Scott Templeton is played by a different Tom McCarthy. In the David Simon-written episode \"Wu's On First\", Thomas J. McCarthy played a Baltimore Sun editor who has come from Philadelphia obsessed with winning Pulitzers, not unlike Whiting or Klebanow. Steven Luxenberg is the editor of the metro section and oversees other editors including Rebecca on Regional Affairs, Phelps on State Desk and Gus Haynes on City Desk. Luxenberg is a hands-on editor and likes to watch his writers as they work. His section lost its transportation reporter in the last round of buyouts. He is named after real-life former \"Baltimore Sun\" editor Steve Luxenberg.", "Former Baltimore Police Department narcotics detective turned school teacher who co-authored \"The Corner\" with David Simon. recurring character of the same name  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character of the same name played by actor Gregory L. Williams throughout the series. Mentioned in :Season one: \"Cleaning Up\" Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured prominently in David Simon's ''. He is mentioned by his last name as the detective investigating the murder of Nakeysha Lyles. recurring character of the same name  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character of the same name played by actor Brian Anthony Wilson throughout the series. Mentioned in :Season one: \"The Target\" Former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's \"\". Nolan's name is mentioned as the sergeant of another homicide unit in the department. Mentioned in :Season five: \"Transitions\"  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character named Oscar Requer played by actor Roscoe Orman in Season 5. Requer was the basis for the character of Bunk Moreland."], "answer": {"text": "The project became the award-winning TV series Homicide: Life on the Street (1993-1999), on which Simon worked as a writer and producer.", "answer_start": 363}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Homicide Life on the street?", "answer": {"text": "The publishers of Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets were eager for a screen adaptation", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get a screen adaption?", "answer": {"text": "award-winning TV series Homicide: Life on the Street", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What role did David play?", "answer": {"text": "He collaborated with his old college friend David Mills to write the season two premiere", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "Simon and Mills won the WGA Award for Best Writing in a Drama for the episode.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8b553ee814864c8887a6c2c7a22544b2_0_q#5", "question": "What did Simon think of the show?", "rewrite": "What did David Simon think of the Homicide: Life on the Street show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Michael and Sean managed to record Stringer's number plate, which aided their father's investigation. In a brief appearance in the fourth season, he says he wants to be a video game designer. The following is a list of actual Baltimore Police Department officers who have appeared on the show at some point. Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of \"The Corner\" and \".\" recurring character  Former Baltimore Police Department Major who was featured homicide unit shift lieutenant in David Simon's \"\". He appears recurringly as a grand jury prosecutor named Gary DiPasquale. Former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in Season 5. recurring character  Former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's \"\". He appears recurringly as Western District Administrative Lieutenant turned Major Dennis Mello. Recurring character Former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a recurring character of the same name working as a homicide detective. Baltimore Police Department C.I.D. Major who appears as a patrolman in Season 4 who encounters mayoral candidate Tommy Carcetti. Worden is a former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's \"\" who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in season five. He is also mentioned in episodes in season one (\"The Pager\"), season three (\"Slapstick\"), season four (\"Margin of Error\") and season five (\"Not for Attribution\"). The following is a list of other Baltimore Police Department officers who have been mentioned on the show at some point. Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of \"The Corner\" and \".\" Mentioned in :Season three: \" Slapstick\"", "Former Baltimore Police Department narcotics detective turned school teacher who co-authored \"The Corner\" with David Simon. recurring character of the same name  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character of the same name played by actor Gregory L. Williams throughout the series. Mentioned in :Season one: \"Cleaning Up\" Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured prominently in David Simon's ''. He is mentioned by his last name as the detective investigating the murder of Nakeysha Lyles. recurring character of the same name  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character of the same name played by actor Brian Anthony Wilson throughout the series. Mentioned in :Season one: \"The Target\" Former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's \"\". Nolan's name is mentioned as the sergeant of another homicide unit in the department. Mentioned in :Season five: \"Transitions\"  Former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's \"\" who spawned a character named Oscar Requer played by actor Roscoe Orman in Season 5. Requer was the basis for the character of Bunk Moreland.", "Homicide: Life on the Street Homicide: Life on the Street is an American police procedural television series chronicling the work of a fictional version of the Baltimore Police Department's Homicide Unit. It ran for seven seasons (122 episodes) on NBC from January 31, 1993 to May 21, 1999, and was succeeded by \"\" (2000), which served as the \"de facto\" series finale. The series was originally based on David Simon's book \"\" (1991). Many of the characters and stories used throughout the show were based on events depicted in the book. While \"Homicide\" featured an ensemble cast, Andre Braugher emerged as a breakout star through his portrayal of Detective Frank Pembleton. The show won Television Critics Association Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Drama in 1996, 1997, and 1998. It also became the first drama ever to win three Peabody Awards for drama in 1993, 1995, and 1997. It received recognition from the Primetime Emmy Awards, Satellite Awards, Image Awards, Viewers for Quality Television, GLAAD Media Awards and Young Artist Awards. In 1997, the episode \"Prison Riot\" was ranked No. 32 on TV Guide's 100 Greatest Episodes of All Time. In 2007, it was listed as one of \"TIME\" magazine's \"Best TV Shows of All-\"TIME\".\" In 1996, \"TV Guide\" named the series ' The Best Show You're Not Watching'. The show placed #46 on \"Entertainment Weekly\" \"New TV Classics\" list. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it #55 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. \"Homicide: Life on the Street\" was adapted from \"\", a non-fiction book by \"Baltimore Sun\" reporter David Simon, based on his experience following a Baltimore Police Department homicide unit.", "Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets is a 1991 book written by \"Baltimore Sun\" reporter David Simon describing a year spent with detectives from the Baltimore Police Department Homicide Unit. The book received the 1992 Edgar Award in the Best Fact Crime category. The book was subsequently fictionalized as the NBC television drama \"\" (1993\u201399), on which Simon served as a writer and producer. Many of the key detectives and incidents portrayed in the book provided inspiration for the first two seasons of the show, with other elements surfacing in later seasons as well. It later also provided inspiration for the HBO television series \"The Wire\" (2002\u201308). David Simon, a reporter for \"The Baltimore Sun\", spent four years on the police beat before taking a leave of absence to write this book. He had persuaded the Baltimore Police Department to allow him access to the city's Homicide Unit for calendar year 1988, and throughout that year he shadowed one shift of detectives as they investigated cases, conducted interrogations, executed search and arrest warrants, and testified at trials. Baltimore recorded 234 murders during the year Simon spent with the Homicide Unit. A total of 567 murders occurred in the city for the years 1989 and 1990 combined, the period during which Simon wrote \"Homicide\". The book was published in 1991, during which Baltimore saw a record 353 murders. Simon said he was particularly interested in the demythification of the American detective. Although detectives are typically portrayed as noble characters who care deeply about their victims, Simon believed real detectives regarded violence as a normal aspect of their jobs. \"Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets\" provides a sympathetic but unromantic portrait of crime fighting in a major American city at the height of the late 1980s crime epidemic.", "A Shot in the Dark\" continues the story arc of the Adena Watson murder case, which dominates much of the \"Homicide: Life on the Street\" first season. The Watson case was based on the real-life 1988 Baltimore slaying of Latonya Kim Wallace, which is chronicled in \"\", the 1991 David Simon non-fiction book about the Baltimore Police Department, which was adapted into the \"Homicide\" series. The animosity in the episode between Felton and Pembleton is based on the real-life Detective Donald Kincaid, who was the inspiration behind Felton, and the strong dislike Kincaid had for Edgerton, as chronicled in Simon's book. The shooting of Officer Thormann was also adapted from true-life events in Simon's book, although \"Homicide\" writers added the twist of Crosetti taking the case personally based on his close friendship with the victim. Edie Falco made a guest appearance in \"A Shot in the Dark\" as Officer Thormann's wife Eva. Fontana cast Falco after watching her performance in \"Laws of Gravity\" (1992). Fontana said of her, \"She's an actress who's unadorned by any embroidery. She does everything with such simplicity and honesty, it's breathtaking. \" Falco was a struggling actor at the time, and said her salary from one \"Homicide\" episode paid for one month's worth of rent. Fontana cast Falco as a regular in his HBO series \" Oz\" based on her work in the \"Homicide\" episodes. The scene in which Bayliss yells at Barnfather and calls him a \"butthead\" was the only moment in \"Homicide: Life on the Street\" in which a detective openly criticizes the deputy commissioner, who often displays selfish and craven leadership throughout the duration of the series."], "answer": {"text": "Simon was asked by Mutrux to write the show's pilot episode but declined, feeling he did not have the necessary expertise.", "answer_start": 500}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Homicide Life on the street?", "answer": {"text": "The publishers of Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets were eager for a screen adaptation", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get a screen adaption?", "answer": {"text": "award-winning TV series Homicide: Life on the Street", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What role did David play?", "answer": {"text": "He collaborated with his old college friend David Mills to write the season two premiere", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the show well received?", "answer": {"text": "Simon and Mills won the WGA Award for Best Writing in a Drama for the episode.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was David a good writer?", "answer": {"text": "The project became the award-winning TV series Homicide: Life on the Street (1993-1999), on which Simon worked as a writer and producer.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1dc5f3cb170c498c93cda9aa5bae10a9_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Stephen F. Austin born?", "rewrite": "Where was Stephen F. Austin born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stephen F. Austin State University Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) is a public university in Nacogdoches, Texas. Founded as a teachers' college in 1923 as a result of legislation authored by State Senator Wilfred Roy Cousins, Sr., the university was subsequently renamed after one of Texas's founding fathers, Stephen F. Austin. Its campus resides on part of the homestead of Thomas Jefferson Rusk. Stephen F. Austin is one of four independent public universities in Texas (i.e., those not affiliated with one of Texas's six university systems). Stephen F. Austin State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Though the university is located in the rural East Texas college town of Nacogdoches, the vast majority of SFA students come from Greater Houston, the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex, and other cities throughout Texas. SFA has also served students from 46 states outside Texas and 42 countries outside the United States. The Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks are members of the Southland Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Lumberjacks football team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Lumberjacks basketball team has made five appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament, with two upset first-round wins in 2014 and 2016. Stephen F. Austin offers more than 120 areas of study, including more than 80 undergraduate majors, nearly 60 graduate degrees, and three doctoral programs. Stephen F. Austin offers classes through six colleges and one independent school. The Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture is nationally recognized, and houses one of only two schools of forestry in the State of Texas (and the only forestry college in the timber-producing East Texas region). During the 2017\u20132018 academic year, there were 2,833 degrees awarded.", "Mary Brown Austin  Mary Brown Austin (1768\u20131824) had dramatic influence on early Texas history. Perhaps her most important contribution to history is writing a letter to her son, Stephen, two days before the death of her husband, Moses Austin, imploring Stephen F. Austin to carry out the dying wish of his father\u2014that Stephen follow through with the empresario grants for land settlement in Texas. As such, Mary Brown Austin had a significant role in the shaping and development of Texas. Mary was born to Abia Brown and Margaret (Sharp) Brown, at Sharpsborough Furnace, New Jersey, on January 1, 1768. She had eight siblings and she lived the longest. Her father, Abia Brown, had served as a deputy in the provincial congresses of 1775 and 1776. Her father had significant real estate holdings related to iron mining and smelting. After the death of her mother, Abia asked Benjamin Fuller to board Mary and one of her sisters. Fuller was connected to Abia by marriage into the Sharp family and actually was her uncle. Stephen F. Austin's middle name is credited to his great uncle, Benjamin Fuller. Mary Brown Austin was the mother of Stephen F. Austin and Emily Austin Perry, James Elijah Brown Austin, and wife of Moses Austin. Her grandchildren include Guy Morrison Bryan, Stephen Samuel Perry, William Joel Bryan, and Moses Austin Bryan. Her daughter Emily was first married to James Bryan and later to James F. Perry. Mary was also known by the names: Mary is buried in Potosi, Missouri, alongside her husband who founded Potosi.", "2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team The 2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team represented Stephen F. Austin State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Lumberjacks were led by sixth-year head coach J. C. Harper and played their home games at Homer Bryce Stadium. They were a member of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 5\u20136, 4\u20133 in Soutland play to finish in a tie for fourth place. All Lumberjacks games will air on KTBQ 107.7 FM and can be listened to online. Senior wide outs Gralyn Crawford and Cordell Roberson were both named to the 2012 College Football Performance Awards (CFPA) watch list. Senior quarterback Brady Attaway was also named to the watch list. Sources: The Lumberjacks open the season with their lone non-conference home game against the Division II Bulldogs. This will be the first ever meeting between Stephen F. Austin and Southwestern Oklahoma State. The Mustangs and Lumberjacks meet each other for the second time in school history. In the previous match, in 2009, SMU managed to sneak away with a 31-23 win. Sources: The only FCS tuneup before SLC play starts takes place between Montana State and the Lumberjacks. The 2012 meeting will be the fifth meeting between the two squads with Montana State holding a 3-1 advantage. Sources: The team that has typically handled the Lumberjacks the easiest is the Bobcats. Stephen F. Austin enters the 2012 contest with a 29-56-1 record against Texas State. The Bobcats have won 5 contests in a row and 7 of the last 8 against the Lumberjacks. Sources:", "Prior to the trophy, a pair of Colt Walker Pistols were the original prize awarded to the winning team, beginning with the 1976 contest in the Houston Astrodome. These pistols were lost over time and have not been recovered. November 21, 1925 \u2013 Sam Houston 6, Stephen F. Austin 0 The game marked the first time the \"Battle of the Piney Woods\" was played in Nacogdoches. The pair battled at Birdwell Field on November 21, 1925. According to an account of the game in the Sam Houston annual \"The Alcade\" the contest was \"the hardest fought game of the season, the Bearkats downed the sturdy Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks at Nacogdoches.\" Led by team captain Herbert Sandel, the Bearkat defense held SFA scoreless. After only three games, the rivalry had developed into a grudge match. The Alcalde reported \"In the hardest fought game of the season the Bearkats downed the sturdy Lumberjacks at Nacogdoches. This fray was marked by unusual roughness and hard playing.\" November 24, 1930 \u2013 Sam Houston 20, Stephen F. Austin 0 At the end of November in 1930, all that stood between head coach J. W. Jones' Sam Houston team and the Bearkats' first ever conference championship was the Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks. Stephen F. Austin under coach Gene White had won only one game and tied another in its first six games of the season. The Lumberjacks were coming off a 64\u20130 whipping at the hands of the West Texas A&M Buffaloes the previous week. But Coach Jones warned the Bearkats that the Lumberjacks would put up a strong effort against their arch rival and man who had coached Sam Houston in each of its battles with SFA since the first in 1923 was proven correct.", "Jeremy Moses Jeremy Moses (born September 4, 1988) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football for Stephen F. Austin. In his Stephen F. Austin career, Moses passed for 13,401 yards and 121 touchdowns; his 1,184 completions are an FCS record. He is currently an assistant coach for Stephen F. Austin. Moses started at quarterback for Stephen F. Austin from 2007 to 2010. Moses helped Stephen F. Austin to back-to-back conference titles in 2009 and 2010 after an 0\u201311 2007 season. Moses was a two-time Southland Conference Player of the Year. In 2010, he led the FCS in pass attempts, completions, touchdown passes and passing yards; he won the Walter Payton Award, becoming the first Southland Conference player to win the award. Moses spent the 2011 season as an assistant at North Alabama. In January 2012, he returned to Stephen F. Austin as an assistant."], "answer": {"text": "born in the mining region of southwestern Virginia (Wythe County) in what is known as Austinville today, some 256 miles (412 km) southwest of Richmond, Virginia.", "answer_start": 22}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1dc5f3cb170c498c93cda9aa5bae10a9_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Stephen F. Austin go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stephen F. Austin State University Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) is a public university in Nacogdoches, Texas. Founded as a teachers' college in 1923 as a result of legislation authored by State Senator Wilfred Roy Cousins, Sr., the university was subsequently renamed after one of Texas's founding fathers, Stephen F. Austin. Its campus resides on part of the homestead of Thomas Jefferson Rusk. Stephen F. Austin is one of four independent public universities in Texas (i.e., those not affiliated with one of Texas's six university systems). Stephen F. Austin State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Though the university is located in the rural East Texas college town of Nacogdoches, the vast majority of SFA students come from Greater Houston, the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex, and other cities throughout Texas. SFA has also served students from 46 states outside Texas and 42 countries outside the United States. The Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks are members of the Southland Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Lumberjacks football team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Lumberjacks basketball team has made five appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament, with two upset first-round wins in 2014 and 2016. Stephen F. Austin offers more than 120 areas of study, including more than 80 undergraduate majors, nearly 60 graduate degrees, and three doctoral programs. Stephen F. Austin offers classes through six colleges and one independent school. The Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture is nationally recognized, and houses one of only two schools of forestry in the State of Texas (and the only forestry college in the timber-producing East Texas region). During the 2017\u20132018 academic year, there were 2,833 degrees awarded.", "Jeremy Moses Jeremy Moses (born September 4, 1988) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football for Stephen F. Austin. In his Stephen F. Austin career, Moses passed for 13,401 yards and 121 touchdowns; his 1,184 completions are an FCS record. He is currently an assistant coach for Stephen F. Austin. Moses started at quarterback for Stephen F. Austin from 2007 to 2010. Moses helped Stephen F. Austin to back-to-back conference titles in 2009 and 2010 after an 0\u201311 2007 season. Moses was a two-time Southland Conference Player of the Year. In 2010, he led the FCS in pass attempts, completions, touchdown passes and passing yards; he won the Walter Payton Award, becoming the first Southland Conference player to win the award. Moses spent the 2011 season as an assistant at North Alabama. In January 2012, he returned to Stephen F. Austin as an assistant.", "Stephen F. Austin High School (Austin, Texas) Stephen F. Austin High School, more commonly known as Austin High, is a public high school in Austin, Texas, United States, and part of the Austin Independent School District (AISD). Founded in 1881, it is one of the oldest public high schools west of the Mississippi River, and was the first public high school in the state of Texas. The campus is located near Downtown Austin along the Colorado River (Lady Bird Lake). The school, originally known simply as Austin High School, was renamed in 1953 after Stephen F. Austin, locally revered as the \"Father of Texas\". It is one of eleven high schools in the Austin Independent School District. Roughly 2,500 students attend the school in grades nine through twelve. The school's current building is its third, following four 19th-century and 20th-century locations in other buildings. Austin High's official motto is \"Mens Agitat Molem\" () or, \" Mind Over Matter\". The official mascot is Mr. Maroo. Austin High School opened in September 1881, with classes held on the third floor of the West Austin School building at 11th Street and Rio Grande Street. Due to population growth, instruction was held at the First Baptist Church, the temporary State Capitol, and the Smith Opera House. The first Austin High School campus, located at 9th Street and Trinity Street, opened in 1900. In 1925, Austin High School moved to 1212 Rio Grande Street, the former building of John T. Allan Junior High School ( 1916), which had relocated to 9th at Trinity. In 1956, the first seven African-American students began attending Austin High School as part of desegregation; a total of 13 black students attended white high schools in AISD at that time.", "Prior to the trophy, a pair of Colt Walker Pistols were the original prize awarded to the winning team, beginning with the 1976 contest in the Houston Astrodome. These pistols were lost over time and have not been recovered. November 21, 1925 \u2013 Sam Houston 6, Stephen F. Austin 0 The game marked the first time the \"Battle of the Piney Woods\" was played in Nacogdoches. The pair battled at Birdwell Field on November 21, 1925. According to an account of the game in the Sam Houston annual \"The Alcade\" the contest was \"the hardest fought game of the season, the Bearkats downed the sturdy Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks at Nacogdoches.\" Led by team captain Herbert Sandel, the Bearkat defense held SFA scoreless. After only three games, the rivalry had developed into a grudge match. The Alcalde reported \"In the hardest fought game of the season the Bearkats downed the sturdy Lumberjacks at Nacogdoches. This fray was marked by unusual roughness and hard playing.\" November 24, 1930 \u2013 Sam Houston 20, Stephen F. Austin 0 At the end of November in 1930, all that stood between head coach J. W. Jones' Sam Houston team and the Bearkats' first ever conference championship was the Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks. Stephen F. Austin under coach Gene White had won only one game and tied another in its first six games of the season. The Lumberjacks were coming off a 64\u20130 whipping at the hands of the West Texas A&M Buffaloes the previous week. But Coach Jones warned the Bearkats that the Lumberjacks would put up a strong effort against their arch rival and man who had coached Sam Houston in each of its battles with SFA since the first in 1923 was proven correct.", "2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team The 2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team represented Stephen F. Austin State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Lumberjacks were led by sixth-year head coach J. C. Harper and played their home games at Homer Bryce Stadium. They were a member of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 5\u20136, 4\u20133 in Soutland play to finish in a tie for fourth place. All Lumberjacks games will air on KTBQ 107.7 FM and can be listened to online. Senior wide outs Gralyn Crawford and Cordell Roberson were both named to the 2012 College Football Performance Awards (CFPA) watch list. Senior quarterback Brady Attaway was also named to the watch list. Sources: The Lumberjacks open the season with their lone non-conference home game against the Division II Bulldogs. This will be the first ever meeting between Stephen F. Austin and Southwestern Oklahoma State. The Mustangs and Lumberjacks meet each other for the second time in school history. In the previous match, in 2009, SMU managed to sneak away with a 31-23 win. Sources: The only FCS tuneup before SLC play starts takes place between Montana State and the Lumberjacks. The 2012 meeting will be the fifth meeting between the two squads with Montana State holding a 3-1 advantage. Sources: The team that has typically handled the Lumberjacks the easiest is the Bobcats. Stephen F. Austin enters the 2012 contest with a 29-56-1 record against Texas State. The Bobcats have won 5 contests in a row and 7 of the last 8 against the Lumberjacks. Sources:"], "answer": {"text": "his family sent him back east to be educated, first at the preparatory school of Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut,", "answer_start": 869}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Stephen F. Austin born?", "answer": {"text": "born in the mining region of southwestern Virginia (Wythe County) in what is known as Austinville today, some 256 miles (412 km) southwest of Richmond, Virginia.", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1dc5f3cb170c498c93cda9aa5bae10a9_1_q#2", "question": "Where did he go to school after that?", "rewrite": "Where did Stephen F. Austin go to school after the Bacon Academy?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The cellar also has an old furnace that is not in service due to the building using electrical heating. The other contributing property, Day Hall, is a church hall that was originally built in 1858. It was acquired and used for \"high school purposes\" from 1929 until they completed construction of the new Bacon Academy in 1962. After that it was adopted for use as a kindergarten and offices for the trustees. Described as \"vaguely Italianate\", the one-room church hall has a basement and a T-shaped addition dating to around 1928. It has a steep gabled, hipped roof. The entrance has two modern fire doors that lead to an auditorium and gallery on the east and stage on the west end. The school was originally only for white male students, with \"negroes and persons of color\" using a separate facility, but integration occurred thirty years later and the school also began to educate women in 1842. Throughout the first 136 years of Bacon Academy's operation its endowment was its sole provider of funding. In 1939, the town began contributing funds to the institution, resulting in the loss of complete control of its own affairs. In 1982, at the time of its National Register of Historic Places nomination, the trust provided a \"small percentage\" of Bacon Academy's funding. In 2013, the Bacon Academy building was used by the school as part of an alternative education program and Day Hall functions as a nursery school. The school is rented by the Board of Education for around $21,000 a year and the Bacon Academy Board of Trustees says that the operational costs are between $25,000 and $28,000 a year. According to the Colchester Public Schools website, \"the Mission of the Alternative Education Program is to provide academic, social, and emotional supports for students at risk of dropping out of high school.\"", "Bacon Academy celebrated its bicentennary in 2003, commencing the celebration with a special concert by the Bacon Academy Bands led by director Thomas Kessler. Other events included an all-class reunion, a golf tournament, and an open house at each of the buildings that ever had housed the Academy. On March 17, 2012, the varsity girls basketball team won the Class L State Championship with a 38-34 victory over top-seeded E.O. Smith at Mohegan Sun Arena. Head coach Dave Shea, a 1952 Bacon Academy graduate, won his 660th career game (331 with the girls) at Bacon Academy. Also, the girls basketball team finished third in Connecticut in the final 2012 New Haven Register State Poll.", "Bacon Academy Bacon Academy is a public high school in Colchester, Connecticut, in the United States. In 1800 a prominent Colchester farmer, Pierpont Bacon, died and left an endowment of thirty-five thousand dollars (with buying power equivalent to that of about two million dollars in 2009). The endowment was to the This established the academy that bears his name. Bacon Academy's doors opened to the children of Colchester on the first of November 1803 and from that point forward, prepared many young men and women for the life that lay ahead. In its early days, Bacon Academy had a reputation of preparing its students for accomplishment at universities and colleges around the country. Local children attended the school without charge for tuition. The status of the Academy was high in the minds of many prominent fathers of the nineteenth century. The trustees established an academic year of three terms: the first term started in September and ended in December, the second ran from January to April, and the third, from May to August. Early class rolls show that the number of local students would fall in planting and harvesting seasons, many students skipping semesters or returning either late in the first term or leaving early in the second and not attending the Academy at all during the third. Early Bacon students were neither given a diploma nor graduated after four years, as they generally are today. Instead, the school had a system divided into three branches. In the first branch, a young student learned such subjects as languages, English grammar, and mathematics. In the second branch, he or she would be taught writing, geometry, and rhetoric. The last branch was similar to the common or grammar school. Age never factored into a student's placement or progress; some students would leave Bacon at fifteen or sixteen if they had completed all three branches.", "Stephen F. Austin State University Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) is a public university in Nacogdoches, Texas. Founded as a teachers' college in 1923 as a result of legislation authored by State Senator Wilfred Roy Cousins, Sr., the university was subsequently renamed after one of Texas's founding fathers, Stephen F. Austin. Its campus resides on part of the homestead of Thomas Jefferson Rusk. Stephen F. Austin is one of four independent public universities in Texas (i.e., those not affiliated with one of Texas's six university systems). Stephen F. Austin State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Though the university is located in the rural East Texas college town of Nacogdoches, the vast majority of SFA students come from Greater Houston, the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex, and other cities throughout Texas. SFA has also served students from 46 states outside Texas and 42 countries outside the United States. The Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks are members of the Southland Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Lumberjacks football team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Lumberjacks basketball team has made five appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament, with two upset first-round wins in 2014 and 2016. Stephen F. Austin offers more than 120 areas of study, including more than 80 undergraduate majors, nearly 60 graduate degrees, and three doctoral programs. Stephen F. Austin offers classes through six colleges and one independent school. The Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture is nationally recognized, and houses one of only two schools of forestry in the State of Texas (and the only forestry college in the timber-producing East Texas region). During the 2017\u20132018 academic year, there were 2,833 degrees awarded.", "Old Bacon Academy The Bacon Academy, nicknamed Old Bacon Academy, was the original Bacon Academy. The Old Bacon Academy was built in 1803 and is located at 84 Main Street, Colchester, Connecticut. The main structure is a  long by  wide three-story Flemish bond brick structure with Federal style details. Noted for its plain, utilitarian floor plan consisting of two rooms off a central hall and stairway, the inside has seen some renovations throughout its history. The Day Hall, a contributing property purchased by the Bacon Academy trustees in 1929, is a church hall that was used for the high school until 1962. Originally operating as a white male school, Bacon Academy integrated \"negroes and persons of color\" around 1833 and began to educate women in 1842. The school has educated important figures like Edwin Denison Morgan, Morgan Bulkeley, William A. Buckingham, Lyman Trumbull, and Morrison Waite. Due to the structure's utilitarian style combined with its Federal details, the National Register of Historic Places recognizes it as architecturally significant. Currently, the Old Bacon Academy building is used as part of an alternative education program and Day Hall is used as a nursery. The properties were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Bacon Academy is named for Pierpoint Bacon, a prosperous farmer who died childless in 1800. Bacon bequeathed most of his property and assets to the First Society of Colchester to support schooling. The trustees decided to build an academy, an institution to have young men be educated, and then go directly into the workforce. Completed in 1803 for the cost of $7000, the main Bacon Academy structure is a  long by  wide three-story Flemish bond brick structure with Federal style details. The foundation of the academy is made of fieldstone with a facing of dressed granite blocks. The bricks were produced on a local farm for the purpose building Bacon Academy."], "answer": {"text": "Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, from which he graduated in 1810.", "answer_start": 1004}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Stephen F. Austin born?", "answer": {"text": "born in the mining region of southwestern Virginia (Wythe County) in what is known as Austinville today, some 256 miles (412 km) southwest of Richmond, Virginia.", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "his family sent him back east to be educated, first at the preparatory school of Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut,", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1dc5f3cb170c498c93cda9aa5bae10a9_1_q#3", "question": "What did he study at the university?", "rewrite": "What did Stephen F. Austin study at Transylvania University?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stephen F. Austin State University Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) is a public university in Nacogdoches, Texas. Founded as a teachers' college in 1923 as a result of legislation authored by State Senator Wilfred Roy Cousins, Sr., the university was subsequently renamed after one of Texas's founding fathers, Stephen F. Austin. Its campus resides on part of the homestead of Thomas Jefferson Rusk. Stephen F. Austin is one of four independent public universities in Texas (i.e., those not affiliated with one of Texas's six university systems). Stephen F. Austin State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Though the university is located in the rural East Texas college town of Nacogdoches, the vast majority of SFA students come from Greater Houston, the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex, and other cities throughout Texas. SFA has also served students from 46 states outside Texas and 42 countries outside the United States. The Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks are members of the Southland Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Lumberjacks football team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Lumberjacks basketball team has made five appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament, with two upset first-round wins in 2014 and 2016. Stephen F. Austin offers more than 120 areas of study, including more than 80 undergraduate majors, nearly 60 graduate degrees, and three doctoral programs. Stephen F. Austin offers classes through six colleges and one independent school. The Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture is nationally recognized, and houses one of only two schools of forestry in the State of Texas (and the only forestry college in the timber-producing East Texas region). During the 2017\u20132018 academic year, there were 2,833 degrees awarded.", "Jeremy Moses Jeremy Moses (born September 4, 1988) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football for Stephen F. Austin. In his Stephen F. Austin career, Moses passed for 13,401 yards and 121 touchdowns; his 1,184 completions are an FCS record. He is currently an assistant coach for Stephen F. Austin. Moses started at quarterback for Stephen F. Austin from 2007 to 2010. Moses helped Stephen F. Austin to back-to-back conference titles in 2009 and 2010 after an 0\u201311 2007 season. Moses was a two-time Southland Conference Player of the Year. In 2010, he led the FCS in pass attempts, completions, touchdown passes and passing yards; he won the Walter Payton Award, becoming the first Southland Conference player to win the award. Moses spent the 2011 season as an assistant at North Alabama. In January 2012, he returned to Stephen F. Austin as an assistant.", "2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team The 2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team represented Stephen F. Austin State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Lumberjacks were led by sixth-year head coach J. C. Harper and played their home games at Homer Bryce Stadium. They were a member of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 5\u20136, 4\u20133 in Soutland play to finish in a tie for fourth place. All Lumberjacks games will air on KTBQ 107.7 FM and can be listened to online. Senior wide outs Gralyn Crawford and Cordell Roberson were both named to the 2012 College Football Performance Awards (CFPA) watch list. Senior quarterback Brady Attaway was also named to the watch list. Sources: The Lumberjacks open the season with their lone non-conference home game against the Division II Bulldogs. This will be the first ever meeting between Stephen F. Austin and Southwestern Oklahoma State. The Mustangs and Lumberjacks meet each other for the second time in school history. In the previous match, in 2009, SMU managed to sneak away with a 31-23 win. Sources: The only FCS tuneup before SLC play starts takes place between Montana State and the Lumberjacks. The 2012 meeting will be the fifth meeting between the two squads with Montana State holding a 3-1 advantage. Sources: The team that has typically handled the Lumberjacks the easiest is the Bobcats. Stephen F. Austin enters the 2012 contest with a 29-56-1 record against Texas State. The Bobcats have won 5 contests in a row and 7 of the last 8 against the Lumberjacks. Sources:", "Old Morrison, the only campus building at the time, was constructed 1830\u201334, under the supervision of Henry Clay, who both taught law and was a member of Transylvania's Board. After 1818, the university included a medical school, a law school, a divinity school, and a college of arts and sciences. An institution that aided in the development of today's Transylvania University was Bacon College of Georgetown \u2013 named after Sir Francis Bacon \u2013 which would, for a brief time, be known as Kentucky University. This school was not affiliated with the modern University of Kentucky. Founded by Baptist churches in Kentucky, Bacon College operated from 1837 to 1851. It was also distinct from nearby Georgetown College, another Baptist-supported institution. Bacon College closed due to lack of funding, but seven years later, in 1858, when the school had secured significant financial backing, Bacon College's charter was amended to establish Kentucky University, and it was moved to donated land in Harrodsburg. This school closed in 1860 and its Harrodsburg building burned in 1864. By mutual agreement and an act of the state legislature the college was merged with Transylvania University in 1865. From these early years, Transylvania has dominated academe in the bluegrass region, and was the sought-out destination for the children of the South's political leadership, military families, and business elite. It attracted many politically ambitious young men including Stephen F. Austin, the founder of Texas. Following the American Civil War, Kentucky University was hit by a major fire, and both it and Transylvania University were left in dire financial condition. In 1865, both institutions secured permission to merge. The new institution used Transylvania's campus in Lexington while perpetuating the Kentucky University name.", "Transylvania University  Transylvania University, colloquially known as \"Transy\", is a private university in Lexington, Kentucky. It was founded in 1780 and was the first university in Kentucky. It offers 36 major programs, as well as dual-degree engineering programs, and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Its medical program graduated 8,000 physicians by 1859. Transylvania's name, meaning \"across the woods\" in Latin, stems from the university's founding in the heavily forested region of western Virginia known as the Transylvania Colony, which became most of Kentucky in 1792. Transylvania is the alma mater of two U.S. vice presidents, two U.S. Supreme Court justices, 50 U.S. senators, 101 U.S. representatives, 36 U.S. governors, 34 U.S. ambassadors, and the one Confederate President, making it a large producer of U.S. statesmen. Its enduring footprint, both in national and Southern academia, makes it a significant institution in the American South. Transylvania University is affiliated with the Disciples of Christ. Transylvania was the first college west of the Allegheny Mountains, and was named for the Colony of Transylvania, Latin for \"across the woods\", which aimed to educate good citizens. Thomas Jefferson was governor of Virginia when the Virginia Assembly chartered Transylvania Seminary in 1780. Its first sponsor was the Christ Church Cathedral's (Episcopal Church) rector, the Reverend Moore, although the school later became affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. Originally situated in a log cabin in Boyle County, Kentucky, the school moved to Lexington in 1789. The first site in Lexington was a single building in what is now the historic Gratz Park. By 1799, the institution was called Transylvania University. By 1818, a new main building was constructed for students' classes. That building burned down in 1829, and the school was moved to its present location north of Third Street."], "answer": {"text": "studying to be a lawyer.", "answer_start": 1116}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Stephen F. Austin born?", "answer": {"text": "born in the mining region of southwestern Virginia (Wythe County) in what is known as Austinville today, some 256 miles (412 km) southwest of Richmond, Virginia.", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "his family sent him back east to be educated, first at the preparatory school of Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut,", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school after that?", "answer": {"text": "Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, from which he graduated in 1810.", "answer_start": 1004, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1dc5f3cb170c498c93cda9aa5bae10a9_1_q#4", "question": "Did he ever practice law?", "rewrite": "Did Stephen F. Austin ever practice law after graduating university in 1810?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Prior to the trophy, a pair of Colt Walker Pistols were the original prize awarded to the winning team, beginning with the 1976 contest in the Houston Astrodome. These pistols were lost over time and have not been recovered. November 21, 1925 \u2013 Sam Houston 6, Stephen F. Austin 0 The game marked the first time the \"Battle of the Piney Woods\" was played in Nacogdoches. The pair battled at Birdwell Field on November 21, 1925. According to an account of the game in the Sam Houston annual \"The Alcade\" the contest was \"the hardest fought game of the season, the Bearkats downed the sturdy Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks at Nacogdoches.\" Led by team captain Herbert Sandel, the Bearkat defense held SFA scoreless. After only three games, the rivalry had developed into a grudge match. The Alcalde reported \"In the hardest fought game of the season the Bearkats downed the sturdy Lumberjacks at Nacogdoches. This fray was marked by unusual roughness and hard playing.\" November 24, 1930 \u2013 Sam Houston 20, Stephen F. Austin 0 At the end of November in 1930, all that stood between head coach J. W. Jones' Sam Houston team and the Bearkats' first ever conference championship was the Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks. Stephen F. Austin under coach Gene White had won only one game and tied another in its first six games of the season. The Lumberjacks were coming off a 64\u20130 whipping at the hands of the West Texas A&M Buffaloes the previous week. But Coach Jones warned the Bearkats that the Lumberjacks would put up a strong effort against their arch rival and man who had coached Sam Houston in each of its battles with SFA since the first in 1923 was proven correct.", "In 1976, after John Timlock and Ernst Kesa retired, Brian Mathieson became the named partner in Perrott Lyon Mathieson.. Leslie M. Perrott Senior, from a trade background, had become a dominant architect in the inter-war period. A strict teetotaler, he was, nevertheless, the leading designer of Melbourne\u2019s grand hotels. Leslie Marsh Perrott Senior (1892 \u2013 1975), born in Gippsland, Victoria, moved to Melbourne, after the death of his father, with the family. Perrott studied architecture at the Melbourne Technical College. In 1914, Perrott established his own practice which was specialized in the use of concrete in residential work. The practice flourished focusing on hotels, after the fact finding tour of the United States, which he accompanied with Jimmy Richardson, in 1926. Since early 1926, Perrott was a part of government housing policy commentary. During the Great Depression, he became the president of the Building Industry Congress. He also was an active member in RVIA where was elected as vice-president, in 1935 and president, in 1939. In 1955, he was awarded the Barrett Memorial Medal for his contribution in town planning. Perrott retired in 1966 and the firm survived as Perrott Lyon Timlock & Kesa. Later, in 1974 the firm became Perrott Lyon Mathieson. Ronald Grant Lyon represented many of the standards and attitudes of the pre-war era. He has played an integral role in all three generations of the Lyon-Perrott Practices Ronald Lyon was born in Creswick but his family soon moved to Geelong. Ronald and his elder brother Eric were educated at the Geelong Junior Technical School (taught by their father, a respected chemistry teacher), Geelong High School and the Gordon Institute.", "2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team The 2012 Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football team represented Stephen F. Austin State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FCS football season. The Lumberjacks were led by sixth-year head coach J. C. Harper and played their home games at Homer Bryce Stadium. They were a member of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 5\u20136, 4\u20133 in Soutland play to finish in a tie for fourth place. All Lumberjacks games will air on KTBQ 107.7 FM and can be listened to online. Senior wide outs Gralyn Crawford and Cordell Roberson were both named to the 2012 College Football Performance Awards (CFPA) watch list. Senior quarterback Brady Attaway was also named to the watch list. Sources: The Lumberjacks open the season with their lone non-conference home game against the Division II Bulldogs. This will be the first ever meeting between Stephen F. Austin and Southwestern Oklahoma State. The Mustangs and Lumberjacks meet each other for the second time in school history. In the previous match, in 2009, SMU managed to sneak away with a 31-23 win. Sources: The only FCS tuneup before SLC play starts takes place between Montana State and the Lumberjacks. The 2012 meeting will be the fifth meeting between the two squads with Montana State holding a 3-1 advantage. Sources: The team that has typically handled the Lumberjacks the easiest is the Bobcats. Stephen F. Austin enters the 2012 contest with a 29-56-1 record against Texas State. The Bobcats have won 5 contests in a row and 7 of the last 8 against the Lumberjacks. Sources:", "Stephen F. Austin State University Stephen F. Austin State University (SFA) is a public university in Nacogdoches, Texas. Founded as a teachers' college in 1923 as a result of legislation authored by State Senator Wilfred Roy Cousins, Sr., the university was subsequently renamed after one of Texas's founding fathers, Stephen F. Austin. Its campus resides on part of the homestead of Thomas Jefferson Rusk. Stephen F. Austin is one of four independent public universities in Texas (i.e., those not affiliated with one of Texas's six university systems). Stephen F. Austin State University is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Though the university is located in the rural East Texas college town of Nacogdoches, the vast majority of SFA students come from Greater Houston, the Dallas\u2013Fort Worth metroplex, and other cities throughout Texas. SFA has also served students from 46 states outside Texas and 42 countries outside the United States. The Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks are members of the Southland Conference and compete in Division I for all varsity sports. The Lumberjacks football team competes in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Lumberjacks basketball team has made five appearances in the NCAA Division I Tournament, with two upset first-round wins in 2014 and 2016. Stephen F. Austin offers more than 120 areas of study, including more than 80 undergraduate majors, nearly 60 graduate degrees, and three doctoral programs. Stephen F. Austin offers classes through six colleges and one independent school. The Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture is nationally recognized, and houses one of only two schools of forestry in the State of Texas (and the only forestry college in the timber-producing East Texas region). During the 2017\u20132018 academic year, there were 2,833 degrees awarded.", "Jeremy Moses Jeremy Moses (born September 4, 1988) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football for Stephen F. Austin. In his Stephen F. Austin career, Moses passed for 13,401 yards and 121 touchdowns; his 1,184 completions are an FCS record. He is currently an assistant coach for Stephen F. Austin. Moses started at quarterback for Stephen F. Austin from 2007 to 2010. Moses helped Stephen F. Austin to back-to-back conference titles in 2009 and 2010 after an 0\u201311 2007 season. Moses was a two-time Southland Conference Player of the Year. In 2010, he led the FCS in pass attempts, completions, touchdown passes and passing yards; he won the Walter Payton Award, becoming the first Southland Conference player to win the award. Moses spent the 2011 season as an assistant at North Alabama. In January 2012, he returned to Stephen F. Austin as an assistant."], "answer": {"text": "he was appointed as a judge for the First Circuit Court.", "answer_start": 268}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Stephen F. Austin born?", "answer": {"text": "born in the mining region of southwestern Virginia (Wythe County) in what is known as Austinville today, some 256 miles (412 km) southwest of Richmond, Virginia.", "answer_start": 22, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "his family sent him back east to be educated, first at the preparatory school of Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut,", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school after that?", "answer": {"text": "Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, from which he graduated in 1810.", "answer_start": 1004, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study at the university?", "answer": {"text": "studying to be a lawyer.", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6948bc642b0f4599b5044ee9077f0f8e_0_q#0", "question": "What did Chris Christie do about pensions?", "rewrite": "What did Chris Christie do about pensions?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Electoral history of Chris Christie This is the electoral history of Chris Christie, the former Governor of New Jersey. On January 8, 2009, Christie filed papers to run for governor. In the primary on June 2, Christie won the Republican nomination with 55% of the vote, defeating conservative opponents Steve Lonegan and Rick Merkt. On July 20, 2009, Christie announced that he had chosen Kimberly Guadagno, Monmouth County sheriff, to complete his campaign ticket as a candidate for lieutenant governor. Guadagno, who was elected sheriff in 2007, had previously served on the Monmouth Beach Board of Adjustment, and also as an assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey. Christie faced criticism for his acceptance of $23,800 in campaign contributions (and the resulting $47,600 in public finance matching funds) from a law firm that received a federal monitor contract while Christie served as the state's U.S. Attorney. In 2006, Christie approved a deferred prosecution agreement with the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey after it admitted committing Medicare fraud. He appointed Herbert Stern, a former federal judge and prosecutor, to the $500-per-hour post of federal monitor. Christie's close friend and fundraiser John Inglesino, a partner in Stern's law firm, was paid $325 per hour for his work as counsel on the monitorship. Stern's law firm, Stern and Killcullen, received reported more than $10 million in legal fees from the contract. Stern, Inglesino, a third partner, and their wives have since each made the maximum contribution of $3,400 to Christie's gubernatorial campaign. On November 3, Christie defeated incumbent Democratic governor Jon Corzine by a margin of 48.5% to 44.9%, with 5.8% of the vote going to independent candidate Chris Daggett.", "Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power is a political profile of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie by Bob Ingle, and Michael G Symons, two experienced journalists. Christie was told that President Bush had decided to nominate him for appointment to his first political job, United States Attorney for New Jersey, on September 10, 2001. Ingle and Symons write that the appointee might have faced a political battle, but that the September 11 attacks made New Jersey's Democratic senators, Jon Corzine and Robert Toricelli decide to give President Bush the personnel he wanted as the Bush administration worked to respond to Islamist terrorism. Christie used his position as United States Attorney for New Jersey not only to prosecute terrorism cases, but to uncover and prosecute political corruption. Each year he held the Office, his staff prosecuted more cases than it had done the year before. According to Ingle and Symons, Christie left office not only as the longest serving, but as arguably the \"most successful U.S. attorney in New Jersey history.\" Ingle and Symons report that in the mid-90s, when Christie opposed county funding for Planned Parenthood on budgetary grounds, he stated that he supported it ideologically. By their account, Christie stated that \u201cI support Planned Parenthood privately with my personal contribution.\u201d However, in 2016, a Christie spokeswoman stated: \u201cThe governor didn\u2019t donate to Planned Parenthood.\u201d According to the Wall Street Journal, early in his career Christie described himself as pro-choice; he later became pro-life.", "Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign The 2016 presidential campaign of Chris Christie, the 55th Governor of New Jersey, began on June 30, 2015, at an event in his hometown of Livingston, New Jersey. Following a poor showing in the New Hampshire primary, the campaign was suspended on February 10, 2016. He endorsed Donald Trump on February 26, 2016. Some political commentators viewed Christie as a leading contender for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016. According to polls conducted after the George Washington Bridge lane closure scandal, which began in September 2013, Christie sustained a substantial erosion in his political standing and his 2016 presidential campaign prospects, and polls show him behind Hillary Clinton in general election polling. In an interview on Fox News on March 31, 2014, Christie stated that he was still in \"decision-making process\" regarding a possible run in 2016, and forwarded the names of Jeb Bush, Scott Walker, and Paul Ryan as his top three GOP candidate choices. Christie contemplated running for president in the 2012 election, but ultimately declined to do so. He was vetted, but not chosen, by Mitt Romney as a potential vice-presidential candidate. The Romney campaign was reported to have asked him to resign his governorship if he became the vice-presidential nominee because \"pay to play\" laws restrict campaign contributions from financial corporation executives to governors running for federal office when the companies do business with the governor's state. A memo from the campaign attributed Romney's decision not to choose Christie as his running mate in part to unanswered questions during the vetting process regarding a defamation lawsuit following Christie's initial campaign for Morris County Freeholder, a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation of Christie's brother, as well as his weight. Christie gave the keynote address at the 2012 Republican National Convention. On November 21, 2013, Christie was elected Chairman of the Republican Governors Association.", "Matt Katz Matt Katz (born July 4, 1978) is an American journalist. Katz works for WNYC and New Jersey Public Radio, and has written for \"Politico\", \"The New York Times\", \"The Washington Post\" and \"The New Republic. \" He was previously a reporter at the \"Philadelphia Inquirer,\" the \"Courier-Post\" and the \"Daily Record.\" He is known for his coverage of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie. He runs \"The Christie Tracker\" for New Jersey Public Radio. Katz was a member of a WNYC team that won a 2015 Peabody Award for its series on Governor Christie entitled, \"Chris Christie, White House Ambitions and the Abuse of Power. \" He won the Livingston Award for International Reporting for a series on reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan. Katz is the author of \"\", a political profile of Chris Christie published on January 19, 2016 by Simon & Schuster. Prior to becoming a political journalist, Katz was known as South Jersey's Carrie Bradshaw when he wrote a dating advice column. He is Jewish and asserts that he suffered anti-semitic harassment as a result of reporting critically on U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump. Katz is the son of Roberta and Richard Katz of Roslyn, New York. He married Deborah Anne Hurwitz in 2004. Katz has an undergraduate degree in Political Communication from George Washington University. He is member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity.", "Senator Buono is also the prime sponsor of the law prohibiting the practice of predatory lending, in which lenders issue loans with hidden costs and excessive fees to homeowners, eroding their financial security and putting their homes at risk. She currently serves as Vice-Chair of the Senate Legislative Oversight Committee, and serves on the Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens Committee, and the State Government, Wagering, Tourism, & Historic Preservation committee. Buono voted for the legalization of medical marijuana. Word bills related to the measure were signed into law by Democratic Governor Jon Corzine and six bills related to the measure were vetoed by Republican Governor Chris Christie. Each of the forty districts in the New Jersey Legislature has one representative in the New Jersey Senate and two members in the New Jersey General Assembly. The other representatives from the 18th District for the 2012-2013 Legislative Session were:  On December 11, 2012, Buono announced her candidacy for Governor of New Jersey in the Democratic primary, with the winner to face Republican incumbent Chris Christie in the 2013 election. Buono gained considerable party support by late January. In the primary election on June 4, 2013, she was chosen over one opponent to be the Democratic nominee for Governor of New Jersey in the 2013 general election. Despite New Jersey being a historically Democratic state in presidential contests, her campaign struggled to gain traction against Christie. On July 29, Buono selected Milly Silva, executive vice president of 1199 SEIU, as her running mate for lieutenant governor. On November 5, Buono was defeated by incumbent Governor Chris Christie by a 60.3% to 38.2% margin. Buono moved to Portland, Oregon in 2015 and became advisor to Mayor Ted Wheeler. She returned to the East Coast in 2019."], "answer": {"text": "In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6948bc642b0f4599b5044ee9077f0f8e_0_q#1", "question": "What did the pensions say", "rewrite": "What did the three state pension reform bills passed into law by Chris Christie say?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support. The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires and required public employees to contribute 1.5 percent of their salaries toward their health care. The laws prompted a lawsuit by the police and firefighters' unions. In his campaign for governor, Christie opposed any change in pension benefits for firefighters and law enforcement officers, including \"current officers, future officers or retirees\". He described the pension agreement as \"a sacred trust\". Later that year, he called for further cuts, including the elimination of cost-of-living adjustments for all current and future retirees. In June 2011, Christie announced a deal with the Democratic leadership of the legislature on a reform of public employee pensions and benefits. The deal raised public employees' pension contributions, mandated the state to make annual payments into the system, increased public employee contributions toward health insurance premiums, and ended collective bargaining for health benefits. The reform is projected to save the state $120 billion over 30 years. In June 2013, Christie signed a $33 billion state budget that makes a record $1.7 billion payment to the state's pension fund and also increases school funding by almost $100 million. The budget resulted from negotiations between Christie and Democratic leaders in the state legislature and was the first that Christie has signed as passed, without vetoing any of its provisions. In May 2014, Christie cut the contributions to New Jersey public workers' pension funds for a 14-month period by nearly $2.5 billion to deal with a revenue shortfall in the state budget of $2.75 billion. The state will instead make a $1.3 billion payment during the period.", "In 1995, Christie announced a bid for a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly; he and attorney Rick Merkt ran as a ticket against incumbent Assemblyman Anthony Bucco and attorney Michael Patrick Carroll in the Republican primary. Christie ran as a pro-choice candidate and supporter of the ban on assault weapons. Bucco and Carroll, the establishment candidates, defeated the up-and-comers by a wide margin. After this loss, Christie's bid for re-nomination to the freeholder board was unlikely, as unhappy Republicans recruited John J. Murphy to run against Christie in 1997. Murphy defeated Christie in the primary. Murphy, who had falsely accused Christie of having the county pay his legal bills in the architect's lawsuit, was sued by Christie after the election. They settled out of court with the Freeholders admitting wrongdoing and apologizing. Christie's career in Morris County politics was over by 1998. In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support. The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires and required public employees to contribute 1.5 percent of their salaries toward their health care. The laws prompted a lawsuit by the police and firefighters' unions. In his campaign for governor, Christie opposed any change in pension benefits for firefighters and law enforcement officers, including \"current officers, future officers or retirees\". He described the pension agreement as \"a sacred trust\". Later that year, he called for further cuts, including the elimination of cost-of-living adjustments for all current and future retirees. In June 2011, Christie announced a deal with the Democratic leadership of the legislature on a reform of public employee pensions and benefits. The deal raised public employees' pension contributions, mandated the state to make annual payments into the system, increased public employee contributions toward health insurance premiums, and ended collective bargaining for health benefits.", "Pensions in Norway  Pensions in Norway fall into three major divisions; State Pensions, Occupational Pensions and Individual or personal Pensions. All Norwegians citizens are entitled to get a state pension from the age of 67 in accordance with the Norwegian National Insurance Act (Folketrygdloven). The state pension is paid in full to Norwegian citizens who have lived in Norway for at least 40 years after the age of 16 and in lesser amounts to Norwegian citizens who have lived less time in the country (see Minimal state pension (Minstepensjon)). The State Pension is calculated according to what the individual has previously earned from ages 16 to 67. The calculation is made by The Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV). The financing of the state pensions is based on a \"Pay as you go\" system. This means that today's work force is making the payments for the current retirees. The demographic structure in Norway suggests that in the future there will gradually be significantly fewer persons working in proportion to each retired pensioner. The state pension is divided into three different parts, Public pension base rate (which everyone gets), Special supplement and Dependents supplement. Altogether this makes up the state pension scheme. The Minimal state pension is a pension scheme which is paid to retirees who have not earned a special supplement (S\u00e6rtillegg) or who have earned an Occupational pensions which is lower than the State Pension special supplement. The minimal state pension provision is intended to prevent poverty in old age. All Norwegian citizens over the age of 67 are entitled to claim state pension, including Norwegian citizens who have never accrued pension, or those who have accrued a low pension. Living costs in Norway are very high and have been increasing tremendously over the past few decades.", "Men born after 5 April 1945 and women born after 5 April 1950 need 30 qualifying years for a full Basic State Pension, with a single qualifying year required to get any State Pension. Men born before 6 April 1945 needed 44 qualifying years for a full Basic State Pension, and women born before 6 April 1950 needed 39 years; to get any State Pension, an individual needed 25 per cent of the qualifying years required for a full pension. Since April 6, 2016, 35 qualifying years are needed to receive the full new state pension. State pension amounts can be reduced if the pensioner was in a contracted-out works pension scheme. Individuals with less than a full record of qualifying years, may elect to pay \"voluntary National Insurance contributions\", in order to boost their record for pension purposes. People in certain circumstances, such as caring for a severely disabled person for more than 20 hours a week or claiming unemployment or sickness benefits, can claim National Insurance credits. The amount of the Basic State Pension that you actually receive is calculated by multiplying the full rate by the number of your qualifying years and dividing by the number of years needed for the full rate. If you paid NI contributions between April 1961 and April 1975 you would have earned a small Graduated Retirement pension. If you paid NI contributions between April 1978 and April 2002 you would have earned an additional pension from the State Earnings Related Pension Scheme, although this will be very small if you were \"contracted out\" of this arrangement. Since April 2002 NI contributions have earned an additional State Second Pension. A wife or husband can claim extra Basic State Pension based on the National Insurance contributions paid by his or her husband or wife (this extra is called a \"Category B\" pension). If a woman has a \"Category A\" Basic State Pension of less than 60 per cent of the full Basic State Pension, then when she reaches her State Pension Age, she will have", "Pension Fund of Ukraine The Pension Fund of Ukraine is a central executive body that manages a solidarity system of compulsory state pension provision, collects, accumulates and records insurance premiums, allocates pensions and prepares documents for their payment, provides timely and full financing and payment pensions, burial assistance and other social benefits. According to the law, all pension payments are made from the Pension Fund of Ukraine. The Pension Fund of Ukraine monitors the target use of funds that go to payouts. The Pension Fund of Ukraine shall, in accordance with the established procedure, submit proposals to the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy of Ukraine on the issues of formation of the state pension policy and control the implementation of official legislative acts. Activities of the Pension Fund of Ukraine are subordinated and coordinated by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine through the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine. The implementation of pension reform proceeds through the gradual introduction of a three-tier pension system: The main objectives of the pension reform are:   The three-tier pension system will allow the distribution of the three components of the risk associated with changes in the demographic situation (which is more sensitive to the solidarity system) and fluctuations in the economy and in the capital market (which is more experienced by the accumulation system). Such risk-republican sharing will make the pension system more financially balanced and sustainable, which will protect employees from lowering the total income after retirement. Currently, the current President of the Pension Fund of Ukraine is Evgeny V. Kapinus."], "answer": {"text": "The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires", "answer_start": 116}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Chris Christie do about pensions?", "answer": {"text": "In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6948bc642b0f4599b5044ee9077f0f8e_0_q#2", "question": "What else did the reform say", "rewrite": "What else did the pension reforms passed by Chris Christie say in addition to decreasing pension benefits for future hires?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["OPTrust  OPTrust, officially the OPSEU Pension Trust, is a legal trust formed by the contractual agreement between the two plan sponsors, Ontario Public Service Employees Union (OPSEU) and the Government of Ontario. It manages one of Canada's largest pension funds and administers the OPSEU Pension Plan. It is responsible for investing the plan's assets to support the cost of members' and retirees' pension benefits. It manages the fund for OPSEU members who are employed by the Government of Ontario and certain agencies, boards and commissions. OPSEU negotiated the creation of OPTrust, giving Ontario Public Service (OPS) members and pensioners a say in their pension plan through joint trusteeship. It is subject to the rules and regulations governing pension plans in Ontario and Canada, including the Pension Benefits Act (Ontario) and the Income Tax Act (Canada). OPTrust began operations on January 1, 1995, and is a separate organization from both sponsors. As sponsors, the Government of Ontario and OPSEU each appoint five trustees to the OPTrust board of trustees. The OPSEU Pension Plan is a defined benefit pension plan. It was established to provide pension benefits for employees of the province of Ontario in bargaining units represented by OPSEU and other eligible members. When the plan was launched, the pension assets and the liability for members\u2019 earned benefits were transferred from the Public Service Pension Plan (PSPP). Since that time the two plans have been administered separately, and there are differences in the benefits provided under the two plans. The PSPP remains the pension plan for management and excluded staff and employees represented by other bargaining agents in the OPS and certain provincial government agencies. The PSPP is administered by the Ontario Pension Board (OPB).", "Conditioned with the growth of the State budget revenue, the State was able to expand the number of social services provided to citizens by significantly changing their life quality. However, due to the above-mentioned factor, a series of processes took place which later on created a critical situation in the pension systems of those countries. Some of them were of paramount importance: Thus, it was out of the question that this type of pension security system would certainly expire itself and it was necessary to find brand-new solutions. As a result of theoretical and practical steps of different countries undergoing the pension reforms, three main problem solution options were created: Armenia faced the problem of pension provision after the collapse of the Soviet Union. This was promoted by a number of factors such as: The latter resulted in the violation of the digital balance among workers and pensioners and in the increase of tax burden (the ratio of employee to pensioner is 1 to 1 whereas it should be 3 to 1, i.e. three employees make social contributions of which pension is paid to one pensioner). Starting from the 90\u2019s, the Government of Armenia has put the pension issue at the top of its agenda. A number of resolutions and laws were adopted, aimed at the industry regulation: In the initial phase, the preference was given to the situational options such as raising the retirement age, increasing the tax burden which, in fact, proved to be temporary solutions and would not provide reasonable and satisfying results. The need for complete review and radical solution to the issue became more and more prominent. Like numerous countries which have undergone the pension reforms, Armenia has finally decided to set up a new self-financing pension system as an already tested version. In 2005-2006, a new phase of pension reforms launched under which the RA Government adopted a series of regulatory decisions.", "National Employment Savings Trust The National Employment Savings Trust (NEST) is a defined contribution workplace pension scheme in the United Kingdom. It was set up to facilitate automatic enrolment as part of the government's workplace pension reforms under the Pensions Act 2008. Due to its public service obligation, any UK employer can use NEST to meet its new workplace duties as set out in the Pensions Act 2008. The Pensions Act 2008 established new duties which stated that employers need to provide their UK workers with access to a workplace pension plan that meets certain minimum standards. Some workers will be automatically enrolled into the pension plan and others can ask to join. The former is called 'automatic enrolment'. These reforms affect the majority of UK employers and are intended to help up to 11 million more people save for retirement. National Employment Savings Trust (NEST) is one of the qualifying pension schemes that employers can use to meet their new duties. It was set up as part of the government's workplace pension reforms. NEST is a trust-based defined contribution pension scheme, run by a Trustee (NEST Corporation) on a not-for-profit basis. In April 2014 NEST Corporation announced that it had over 1 million members saving in the scheme. NEST is free for employers to use. Members pay a 1.8% charge on contributions plus a 0.3% annual management charge (AMC) on their total pot. Together, the charges are broadly equivalent to a 0.5% AMC for most types of saver. In March 2014 the government announced it plans to apply a charge cap of 0.75% of funds under management on default funds of DC qualifying pension schemes from April 2015. The National Employment Savings Trust currently has an annual contribution limit. It is reviewed annually and is currently \u00a34,900 for the 2016/17 tax year. It also has restrictions on transfers in and out of the scheme.", "In 1995, Christie announced a bid for a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly; he and attorney Rick Merkt ran as a ticket against incumbent Assemblyman Anthony Bucco and attorney Michael Patrick Carroll in the Republican primary. Christie ran as a pro-choice candidate and supporter of the ban on assault weapons. Bucco and Carroll, the establishment candidates, defeated the up-and-comers by a wide margin. After this loss, Christie's bid for re-nomination to the freeholder board was unlikely, as unhappy Republicans recruited John J. Murphy to run against Christie in 1997. Murphy defeated Christie in the primary. Murphy, who had falsely accused Christie of having the county pay his legal bills in the architect's lawsuit, was sued by Christie after the election. They settled out of court with the Freeholders admitting wrongdoing and apologizing. Christie's career in Morris County politics was over by 1998. In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support. The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires and required public employees to contribute 1.5 percent of their salaries toward their health care. The laws prompted a lawsuit by the police and firefighters' unions. In his campaign for governor, Christie opposed any change in pension benefits for firefighters and law enforcement officers, including \"current officers, future officers or retirees\". He described the pension agreement as \"a sacred trust\". Later that year, he called for further cuts, including the elimination of cost-of-living adjustments for all current and future retirees. In June 2011, Christie announced a deal with the Democratic leadership of the legislature on a reform of public employee pensions and benefits. The deal raised public employees' pension contributions, mandated the state to make annual payments into the system, increased public employee contributions toward health insurance premiums, and ended collective bargaining for health benefits.", "In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support. The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires and required public employees to contribute 1.5 percent of their salaries toward their health care. The laws prompted a lawsuit by the police and firefighters' unions. In his campaign for governor, Christie opposed any change in pension benefits for firefighters and law enforcement officers, including \"current officers, future officers or retirees\". He described the pension agreement as \"a sacred trust\". Later that year, he called for further cuts, including the elimination of cost-of-living adjustments for all current and future retirees. In June 2011, Christie announced a deal with the Democratic leadership of the legislature on a reform of public employee pensions and benefits. The deal raised public employees' pension contributions, mandated the state to make annual payments into the system, increased public employee contributions toward health insurance premiums, and ended collective bargaining for health benefits. The reform is projected to save the state $120 billion over 30 years. In June 2013, Christie signed a $33 billion state budget that makes a record $1.7 billion payment to the state's pension fund and also increases school funding by almost $100 million. The budget resulted from negotiations between Christie and Democratic leaders in the state legislature and was the first that Christie has signed as passed, without vetoing any of its provisions. In May 2014, Christie cut the contributions to New Jersey public workers' pension funds for a 14-month period by nearly $2.5 billion to deal with a revenue shortfall in the state budget of $2.75 billion. The state will instead make a $1.3 billion payment during the period."], "answer": {"text": "required public employees to contribute 1.5 percent of their salaries toward their health care.", "answer_start": 173}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What did Chris Christie do about pensions?", "answer": {"text": "In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the pensions say", "answer": {"text": "The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6948bc642b0f4599b5044ee9077f0f8e_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to the pension reforms passed by Chris Christie, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The policy designated areas of cooperation in trade, technology, agriculture, medicine, education, and tourism. In mid-2019, the Taiwanese government announced that since the implementation of the policy, bilateral trade between Taiwan and the targeted countries increased by 22%, while investment by targeted countries increased by 60%. Further, the number of medical patients from targeted countries increased by 50%, the number of visitors increased by 58%, and the number of students increased by 52%. International observers have noted that Taiwan's pre-reform pension system was due to default by 2030 for civil servants and 2020 for the military. Pension reform was passed via two separate bills, one dealing with civil servants and schoolteachers on June 27, 2017 and another dealing with military veterans on June 20, 2018. On July 1, 2018, the pension reforms came into effect. Civil servants, upon retirement, have a choice between receiving pensions in monthly instalments subject to a preferential interest rate or via a lump sum. Under the reforms, the previous preferential interest rate for those who opted for monthly instalments would be gradually reduced from 18% to 0% over the span of 30 months. Civil servants who opted for a lump sum would see their interest rates decreased from 18% to 6% over a period of 6 years. The reforms were estimated to affect 63,000 military veterans, 130,000 public servants and 140,000 schoolteachers. The reforms simultaneously set minimum monthly pensions for schoolteachers and civil servants at $32,160 NTD and for military veterans at $38,990 NTD. The reforms also raised the minimum retirement age to 60 from 55, to increase by 1 per year until the retirement age reaches 65. Though the reforms were met with protests from government retirees and veterans , polls have shown that the majority of Taiwanese are satisfied with the outcome of the pension reforms.", "Conditioned with the growth of the State budget revenue, the State was able to expand the number of social services provided to citizens by significantly changing their life quality. However, due to the above-mentioned factor, a series of processes took place which later on created a critical situation in the pension systems of those countries. Some of them were of paramount importance: Thus, it was out of the question that this type of pension security system would certainly expire itself and it was necessary to find brand-new solutions. As a result of theoretical and practical steps of different countries undergoing the pension reforms, three main problem solution options were created: Armenia faced the problem of pension provision after the collapse of the Soviet Union. This was promoted by a number of factors such as: The latter resulted in the violation of the digital balance among workers and pensioners and in the increase of tax burden (the ratio of employee to pensioner is 1 to 1 whereas it should be 3 to 1, i.e. three employees make social contributions of which pension is paid to one pensioner). Starting from the 90\u2019s, the Government of Armenia has put the pension issue at the top of its agenda. A number of resolutions and laws were adopted, aimed at the industry regulation: In the initial phase, the preference was given to the situational options such as raising the retirement age, increasing the tax burden which, in fact, proved to be temporary solutions and would not provide reasonable and satisfying results. The need for complete review and radical solution to the issue became more and more prominent. Like numerous countries which have undergone the pension reforms, Armenia has finally decided to set up a new self-financing pension system as an already tested version. In 2005-2006, a new phase of pension reforms launched under which the RA Government adopted a series of regulatory decisions.", "National Employment Savings Trust The National Employment Savings Trust (NEST) is a defined contribution workplace pension scheme in the United Kingdom. It was set up to facilitate automatic enrolment as part of the government's workplace pension reforms under the Pensions Act 2008. Due to its public service obligation, any UK employer can use NEST to meet its new workplace duties as set out in the Pensions Act 2008. The Pensions Act 2008 established new duties which stated that employers need to provide their UK workers with access to a workplace pension plan that meets certain minimum standards. Some workers will be automatically enrolled into the pension plan and others can ask to join. The former is called 'automatic enrolment'. These reforms affect the majority of UK employers and are intended to help up to 11 million more people save for retirement. National Employment Savings Trust (NEST) is one of the qualifying pension schemes that employers can use to meet their new duties. It was set up as part of the government's workplace pension reforms. NEST is a trust-based defined contribution pension scheme, run by a Trustee (NEST Corporation) on a not-for-profit basis. In April 2014 NEST Corporation announced that it had over 1 million members saving in the scheme. NEST is free for employers to use. Members pay a 1.8% charge on contributions plus a 0.3% annual management charge (AMC) on their total pot. Together, the charges are broadly equivalent to a 0.5% AMC for most types of saver. In March 2014 the government announced it plans to apply a charge cap of 0.75% of funds under management on default funds of DC qualifying pension schemes from April 2015. The National Employment Savings Trust currently has an annual contribution limit. It is reviewed annually and is currently \u00a34,900 for the 2016/17 tax year. It also has restrictions on transfers in and out of the scheme.", "In 2008, Eristoff served as Manhattan Coordinator for McCain-Palin 2008. On January 14, 2010, he was nominated by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie as State Treasurer. Eristoff assumed the duties of Acting State Treasurer on January 19, 2010. The New Jersey Senate confirmed his nomination on February 22. He was sworn in on March 2, 2010. The longest-serving Treasurer in almost 40 years , Mr. Eristoff oversaw a major department with almost 3,100 employees and more than 10 divisions spanning budget, revenue collection, public finance and debt management, benefits administration, pension fund investments, Statewide information technology standards and infrastructure, procurement, State facilities, risk management, unclaimedproperty administration, and the State Lottery. In addition to managing the development and execution of New Jersey's $30 billion-plus annual budget, Mr. Eristoff played a major role in developing Governor Christie's landmark 2001 pension and health benefits reforms, designed and implemented Governor Christie's Performance Budgeting Initiative, drafted Governor's Christie's $2.3 billion business tax reduction package of 2011, advanced significant procurement process reforms, managed several major privatization initiatives, restructured the State's IT governance configuration, and oversaw debt and financial management reforms that achieved $1.9 billion in budget savings and eliminated the State's exposure to $4.2 billion in risky derivatives.", "Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power Chris Christie: The Inside Story of His Rise to Power is a political profile of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie by Bob Ingle, and Michael G Symons, two experienced journalists. Christie was told that President Bush had decided to nominate him for appointment to his first political job, United States Attorney for New Jersey, on September 10, 2001. Ingle and Symons write that the appointee might have faced a political battle, but that the September 11 attacks made New Jersey's Democratic senators, Jon Corzine and Robert Toricelli decide to give President Bush the personnel he wanted as the Bush administration worked to respond to Islamist terrorism. Christie used his position as United States Attorney for New Jersey not only to prosecute terrorism cases, but to uncover and prosecute political corruption. Each year he held the Office, his staff prosecuted more cases than it had done the year before. According to Ingle and Symons, Christie left office not only as the longest serving, but as arguably the \"most successful U.S. attorney in New Jersey history.\" Ingle and Symons report that in the mid-90s, when Christie opposed county funding for Planned Parenthood on budgetary grounds, he stated that he supported it ideologically. By their account, Christie stated that \u201cI support Planned Parenthood privately with my personal contribution.\u201d However, in 2016, a Christie spokeswoman stated: \u201cThe governor didn\u2019t donate to Planned Parenthood.\u201d According to the Wall Street Journal, early in his career Christie described himself as pro-choice; he later became pro-life."], "answer": {"text": "In his campaign for governor, Christie opposed any change in pension benefits for firefighters and law enforcement officers,", "answer_start": 337}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Chris Christie do about pensions?", "answer": {"text": "In March 2010, Christie signed into law three state pension reform bills, which had passed with bipartisan support.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the pensions say", "answer": {"text": "The laws decreased pension benefits for future hires", "answer_start": 116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did the reform say", "answer": {"text": "required public employees to contribute 1.5 percent of their salaries toward their health care.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#0", "question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "rewrite": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During the summer of 1929, Fox was severely injured in an auto accident. By the time he recovered, the stock market crash had wiped out his fortune, destroying any chance of the deal going through even if the Justice Department had lifted its objections. Nonetheless, Schenck believed Mayer had cost him a fortune and never forgave him, causing an already frigid relationship to get even worse. In late 1922, Mayer was introduced to Irving Thalberg, then working for Universal Pictures. Mayer was searching for someone to help him manage his small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg made an immediate positive impression on Mayer, writes biographer Roland Flamini. Later that evening, after Thalberg had left, Mayer told the studio's attorney, Edwin Loeb, to let Thalberg know that if he wanted to work for Mayer, he would be treated like a son. Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, found it hard to believe that anyone \"so boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, he lacked Thalberg's strong ability to combine making films of quality with gaining commercial success. Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. Mayer and Thalberg were a brilliant team that worked well together.", "Samuel Marx Samuel Marx (January 26, 1902, New York City \u2013 March 2, 1992, Los Angeles) was an American film producer, screenwriter and book author. Died from heart failure. Marx was born to a Jewish family. and started working in 1919 as an office boy at the New York office of Universal Pictures, where he met Irving Thalberg, then secretary to Universal boss Carl Laemmle. On May 24, 1930, he arrived at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) Studios and was hired by Thalberg as Story Editor, the executive in charge of the screenwriting department. Following Irving Thalberg's death in 1936, Marx became a producer and was behind a number of popular films, including \"Lassie Come Home\" (1943) and \"Son of Lassie\" (1945). During the 1950s he began working as an executive producer for Desilu Productions, where he was responsible for films and shows such as \"The General Electric Hour\". During the 1970s, he returned to writing books, such as \"Mayer and Thalberg: The Make-Believe Saints\" (1975). Marx also helped Hollywood historians with their research for television shows. One such show, the TNT special series \"MGM: When the Lion Roars\", was telecast in 1992 during the month Marx died. In 1990, Samuel Marx and Joyce Vanderveen published \"Deadly Illusions\". Marx was MGM's Story Editor and a friend of both Paul Bern and Irving Thalberg at the time of Bern's death. In 1932, Marx had gone to Bern's house before the police were informed of the body's discovery. Thalberg told Marx that Bern was dead, and that he should not go inside, but rather he should go home.", "In a story conference, when her name was suggested to him for the part of a girl threatened with rape, Thalberg shook his head, and, with a wry smile, he said, \"She looks too well able to take care of herself.\" Shearer, for her part, found herself increasingly attracted to her boss. \"Something was understood between us, an indefinite feeling that neither of us could analyze. \" Thalberg's appeal was not primarily sexual. What attracted Shearer was his commanding presence and steely grace, the impression he gave that wherever he sat was always the head of the table. In spite of his youth \u2013 he was only 26 \u2013 Thalberg became a father figure to the 23-year-old actress. At the end of a working day in July 1925, Shearer received a phone call from Thalberg's secretary, asking if she would like to accompany Thalberg to the premiere of Chaplin's \"The Gold Rush\". That night, they made their first appearance as a couple. A few weeks later, Shearer went to Montreal to visit her father. While there, she had a reunion with an old school friend, who remembered: \"At the end of lunch, over coffee, Norma leant in across the table. ' I'm madly in love', she whispered. ' Who with?' I asked. ' With Irving Thalberg', she replied, smiling. I asked how Thalberg felt. ' I hope to marry him', Norma said, and then, with the flash of the assurance I remembered so well, 'I believe I will.'\" Over the next two years, both Shearer and Irving saw other people. Louise Brooks remembered: \"I held a dinner party sometime in 1926. All the place cards at the dinner table were books.", "\"It Happened One Night\" (1934). Mayer and Irving Thalberg's relationship began warmly, but eventually the two became estranged; Thalberg preferred literary works to the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. Thalberg, always physically frail, was removed as head of production in 1932. Mayer encouraged other staff producers, among them his son-in-law David O. Selznick, but no one seemed to have the sure touch of Thalberg. As Thalberg fell increasingly ill in 1936, Louis Mayer could now serve as his temporary replacement. Rumors began circulating that Thalberg was leaving to set up his own independent company; his early death in 1936, at age 37, cost MGM dearly. After Thalberg's untimely death, Mayer became head of production, as well as studio chief, becoming the first million-dollar executive in American history. The company remained profitable, although a change toward \"series\" pictures (\"Andy Hardy\" starring Mickey Rooney, \"Maisie\" starring Ann Sothern, \"Thin Man\" starring William Powell and Myrna Loy,\" et al.\") is seen by some as evidence of Mayer's restored influence. Also playing a huge role was Ida Koverman, Mayer's secretary and \"right hand\". In 1937, Mayer hired Mervyn LeRoy, a former Warner Bros. (WB) producer/director as MGM's top producer and Thalberg's replacement. LeRoy talked Mayer into purchasing the rights to make a film version of the popular book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", which MGM did on June 3, 1938, from Sam Goldwyn for $75,000. Hits in 1939 included \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"Boys Town\" and \"Gone with the Wind\", starring Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara and Clark Gable as Rhett Butler.", "Irving Thalberg Jr. Irving Grant Thalberg Jr. (August 25, 1930 \u2013 August 21, 1987) was an author and the son of 1930s Hollywood producer Irving Thalberg and Academy Award-winning actress Norma Shearer. The Thalberg family lived at 707 Ocean Front Drive in Los Angeles. Thalberg was six years old when his father died from pneumonia at the age of 37. He was educated at Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland and attended Stanford University. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Illinois in Chicago, Ill. until he died of cancer in 1987. Prior to the University of Illinois he was briefly a professor at the University of Washington  Thalberg published two books of philosophical studies through the Muirhead Library of Philosophy: \"Enigmas of Agency\" (Allen & Unwin, London, 1972), and \"Perception, Emotion & Action\" (Blackwells, Oxford, 1977). Unlike most epistemologists, Thalberg published articles that defended the Platonic tripartite analysis of knowledge (justified true belief, a.k.a. \"JTB\") against the more popular view that Gettier counterexamples refuted the JTB account. Specifically, Thalberg argued that justification is not transmissible through valid deduction."], "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#1", "question": "What year was he hired in this role?", "rewrite": "What year was Thalberg hired as an office secretary?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sigismond Thalberg Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 \u2013 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century. Sigismond Thalberg was born in P\u00e2quis near Geneva, Switzerland, on 8 January 1812. According to legend, he was the illegitimate son of Prince Moritz Dietrichstein and Baroness Maria Julia Wetzlar von Plankenstern. However, according to his birth certificate, he was the son of Joseph Thalberg and Fortun\u00e9e Stein who were both from Frankfurt-am-Main. Little is known about Thalberg's childhood and early youth. It is possible that his mother had brought him to Vienna at the age of 10 (the same year in which the 10-year-old Franz Liszt arrived there with his parents). According to Thalberg's own account, he attended the first performance of Beethoven's 9th Symphony on 7 May 1824 in the K\u00e4rntnerthortheater. There is no evidence as to Thalberg's early teachers. Baroness von Wetzlar, his mother, who according to Wurzbach was occupied with his education during his childhood and early youth, was a brilliant amateur pianist. It may be therefore that she gave him his first instruction at the piano. In spring 1826 Thalberg studied with Ignaz Moscheles in London. Moscheles, according to a letter to Felix Mendelssohn of 14 August 1836, had the impression that Thalberg had already reached a level at which no further help would be needed in order to become a great artist. Thalberg's first public performance in London was on 17 May 1826. In Vienna on 6 April 1827 he played the first movement, and on 6 May 1827 the \"Adagio\" and the \"Rondo\" of Hummel's concerto in B Minor. After this, Thalberg performed regularly in Vienna.", "During the summer of 1929, Fox was severely injured in an auto accident. By the time he recovered, the stock market crash had wiped out his fortune, destroying any chance of the deal going through even if the Justice Department had lifted its objections. Nonetheless, Schenck believed Mayer had cost him a fortune and never forgave him, causing an already frigid relationship to get even worse. In late 1922, Mayer was introduced to Irving Thalberg, then working for Universal Pictures. Mayer was searching for someone to help him manage his small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg made an immediate positive impression on Mayer, writes biographer Roland Flamini. Later that evening, after Thalberg had left, Mayer told the studio's attorney, Edwin Loeb, to let Thalberg know that if he wanted to work for Mayer, he would be treated like a son. Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, found it hard to believe that anyone \"so boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, he lacked Thalberg's strong ability to combine making films of quality with gaining commercial success. Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. Mayer and Thalberg were a brilliant team that worked well together.", "Cecil B. DeMille was the first who wanted to hire him, telling his partner, Jesse Lasky, \"The boy is a genius. I can see it. I know it.\" Lasky opposed the hire, stating, \"Geniuses we have all we need.\" Thalberg then received an offer from Hal Roach, but the offer was withdrawn because Thalberg lacked experience with slapstick comedy films. In late 1922, Thalberg was introduced to Louis B. Mayer, president of a small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg \"made a deep, immediate impression on Mayer,\" writes Flamini. After Thalberg had left, Mayer said to studio attorney Edwin Loeb: \"Tell him if he comes to work for me, I'll look after him as though he were my son.\" Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, recalled that \"it was hard to believe anyone that boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, \"what he lacked was Thalberg's almost unerring ability to combine quality with commercial success, to bring artistic aspiration in line with the demands of the box office.\" Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. During his twelve years at MGM, Thalberg supervised the production of over four hundred films.", "He found work as an office secretary at Universal Pictures' New York office, and later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle. Among Thalberg's duties were transcribing and editing notes that Laemmle had written during screenings of his films. He earned $25 weekly, becoming adept at making insightful observations, which impressed Laemmle. Laemmle took Thalberg to see his Los Angeles production facility, where he spent a month watching how movie production worked. Before returning to New York, Laemmle told Thalberg to remain and \"keep an eye on things for me.\" Two months later, Laemmle returned to California, partly to see how well Thalberg was able to handle the responsibilities he was given. Thalberg gave him suggestions, which impressed Laemmle by his ability to understand and explain problems. Thalberg suggested, \"The first thing you should do is establish a new job of studio manager and give him the responsibility of watching day-to-day operations.\" Laemmle immediately agreed, \"All right. You're it.\" In shock, Thalberg replied, \"I'm what?\" Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919. At age 20, Thalberg became responsible for immediately overseeing the nine ongoing film productions and nearly thirty scenarios then under development. In describing the rationale for this early appointment as studio manager, film historian David Thomson writes that his new job \"owed nothing to nepotism, private wealth, or experience in the film industry.\" He reasons that despite \"Thalberg's youth, modest education, and frail appearance . . .", "\"It Happened One Night\" (1934). Mayer and Irving Thalberg's relationship began warmly, but eventually the two became estranged; Thalberg preferred literary works to the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. Thalberg, always physically frail, was removed as head of production in 1932. Mayer encouraged other staff producers, among them his son-in-law David O. Selznick, but no one seemed to have the sure touch of Thalberg. As Thalberg fell increasingly ill in 1936, Louis Mayer could now serve as his temporary replacement. Rumors began circulating that Thalberg was leaving to set up his own independent company; his early death in 1936, at age 37, cost MGM dearly. After Thalberg's untimely death, Mayer became head of production, as well as studio chief, becoming the first million-dollar executive in American history. The company remained profitable, although a change toward \"series\" pictures (\"Andy Hardy\" starring Mickey Rooney, \"Maisie\" starring Ann Sothern, \"Thin Man\" starring William Powell and Myrna Loy,\" et al.\") is seen by some as evidence of Mayer's restored influence. Also playing a huge role was Ida Koverman, Mayer's secretary and \"right hand\". In 1937, Mayer hired Mervyn LeRoy, a former Warner Bros. (WB) producer/director as MGM's top producer and Thalberg's replacement. LeRoy talked Mayer into purchasing the rights to make a film version of the popular book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", which MGM did on June 3, 1938, from Sam Goldwyn for $75,000. Hits in 1939 included \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"Boys Town\" and \"Gone with the Wind\", starring Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara and Clark Gable as Rhett Butler."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#2", "question": "Was he ever promoted during his time with Universal?", "rewrite": "Was Irving Thalberg ever promoted during his time with Universal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Samuel Marx Samuel Marx (January 26, 1902, New York City \u2013 March 2, 1992, Los Angeles) was an American film producer, screenwriter and book author. Died from heart failure. Marx was born to a Jewish family. and started working in 1919 as an office boy at the New York office of Universal Pictures, where he met Irving Thalberg, then secretary to Universal boss Carl Laemmle. On May 24, 1930, he arrived at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) Studios and was hired by Thalberg as Story Editor, the executive in charge of the screenwriting department. Following Irving Thalberg's death in 1936, Marx became a producer and was behind a number of popular films, including \"Lassie Come Home\" (1943) and \"Son of Lassie\" (1945). During the 1950s he began working as an executive producer for Desilu Productions, where he was responsible for films and shows such as \"The General Electric Hour\". During the 1970s, he returned to writing books, such as \"Mayer and Thalberg: The Make-Believe Saints\" (1975). Marx also helped Hollywood historians with their research for television shows. One such show, the TNT special series \"MGM: When the Lion Roars\", was telecast in 1992 during the month Marx died. In 1990, Samuel Marx and Joyce Vanderveen published \"Deadly Illusions\". Marx was MGM's Story Editor and a friend of both Paul Bern and Irving Thalberg at the time of Bern's death. In 1932, Marx had gone to Bern's house before the police were informed of the body's discovery. Thalberg told Marx that Bern was dead, and that he should not go inside, but rather he should go home.", "\"It Happened One Night\" (1934). Mayer and Irving Thalberg's relationship began warmly, but eventually the two became estranged; Thalberg preferred literary works to the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. Thalberg, always physically frail, was removed as head of production in 1932. Mayer encouraged other staff producers, among them his son-in-law David O. Selznick, but no one seemed to have the sure touch of Thalberg. As Thalberg fell increasingly ill in 1936, Louis Mayer could now serve as his temporary replacement. Rumors began circulating that Thalberg was leaving to set up his own independent company; his early death in 1936, at age 37, cost MGM dearly. After Thalberg's untimely death, Mayer became head of production, as well as studio chief, becoming the first million-dollar executive in American history. The company remained profitable, although a change toward \"series\" pictures (\"Andy Hardy\" starring Mickey Rooney, \"Maisie\" starring Ann Sothern, \"Thin Man\" starring William Powell and Myrna Loy,\" et al.\") is seen by some as evidence of Mayer's restored influence. Also playing a huge role was Ida Koverman, Mayer's secretary and \"right hand\". In 1937, Mayer hired Mervyn LeRoy, a former Warner Bros. (WB) producer/director as MGM's top producer and Thalberg's replacement. LeRoy talked Mayer into purchasing the rights to make a film version of the popular book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", which MGM did on June 3, 1938, from Sam Goldwyn for $75,000. Hits in 1939 included \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"Boys Town\" and \"Gone with the Wind\", starring Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara and Clark Gable as Rhett Butler.", "During the summer of 1929, Fox was severely injured in an auto accident. By the time he recovered, the stock market crash had wiped out his fortune, destroying any chance of the deal going through even if the Justice Department had lifted its objections. Nonetheless, Schenck believed Mayer had cost him a fortune and never forgave him, causing an already frigid relationship to get even worse. In late 1922, Mayer was introduced to Irving Thalberg, then working for Universal Pictures. Mayer was searching for someone to help him manage his small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg made an immediate positive impression on Mayer, writes biographer Roland Flamini. Later that evening, after Thalberg had left, Mayer told the studio's attorney, Edwin Loeb, to let Thalberg know that if he wanted to work for Mayer, he would be treated like a son. Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, found it hard to believe that anyone \"so boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, he lacked Thalberg's strong ability to combine making films of quality with gaining commercial success. Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. Mayer and Thalberg were a brilliant team that worked well together.", "Irving Thalberg Jr. Irving Grant Thalberg Jr. (August 25, 1930 \u2013 August 21, 1987) was an author and the son of 1930s Hollywood producer Irving Thalberg and Academy Award-winning actress Norma Shearer. The Thalberg family lived at 707 Ocean Front Drive in Los Angeles. Thalberg was six years old when his father died from pneumonia at the age of 37. He was educated at Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland and attended Stanford University. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Illinois in Chicago, Ill. until he died of cancer in 1987. Prior to the University of Illinois he was briefly a professor at the University of Washington  Thalberg published two books of philosophical studies through the Muirhead Library of Philosophy: \"Enigmas of Agency\" (Allen & Unwin, London, 1972), and \"Perception, Emotion & Action\" (Blackwells, Oxford, 1977). Unlike most epistemologists, Thalberg published articles that defended the Platonic tripartite analysis of knowledge (justified true belief, a.k.a. \"JTB\") against the more popular view that Gettier counterexamples refuted the JTB account. Specifically, Thalberg argued that justification is not transmissible through valid deduction.", "In a story conference, when her name was suggested to him for the part of a girl threatened with rape, Thalberg shook his head, and, with a wry smile, he said, \"She looks too well able to take care of herself.\" Shearer, for her part, found herself increasingly attracted to her boss. \"Something was understood between us, an indefinite feeling that neither of us could analyze. \" Thalberg's appeal was not primarily sexual. What attracted Shearer was his commanding presence and steely grace, the impression he gave that wherever he sat was always the head of the table. In spite of his youth \u2013 he was only 26 \u2013 Thalberg became a father figure to the 23-year-old actress. At the end of a working day in July 1925, Shearer received a phone call from Thalberg's secretary, asking if she would like to accompany Thalberg to the premiere of Chaplin's \"The Gold Rush\". That night, they made their first appearance as a couple. A few weeks later, Shearer went to Montreal to visit her father. While there, she had a reunion with an old school friend, who remembered: \"At the end of lunch, over coffee, Norma leant in across the table. ' I'm madly in love', she whispered. ' Who with?' I asked. ' With Irving Thalberg', she replied, smiling. I asked how Thalberg felt. ' I hope to marry him', Norma said, and then, with the flash of the assurance I remembered so well, 'I believe I will.'\" Over the next two years, both Shearer and Irving saw other people. Louise Brooks remembered: \"I held a dinner party sometime in 1926. All the place cards at the dinner table were books."], "answer": {"text": "later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle.", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he hired in this role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#3", "question": "What did he do after becoming Laemmle's secretary?", "rewrite": "What did Irving Thalberg do after becoming Laemmle's secretary?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Irving Thalberg Jr. Irving Grant Thalberg Jr. (August 25, 1930 \u2013 August 21, 1987) was an author and the son of 1930s Hollywood producer Irving Thalberg and Academy Award-winning actress Norma Shearer. The Thalberg family lived at 707 Ocean Front Drive in Los Angeles. Thalberg was six years old when his father died from pneumonia at the age of 37. He was educated at Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland and attended Stanford University. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Illinois in Chicago, Ill. until he died of cancer in 1987. Prior to the University of Illinois he was briefly a professor at the University of Washington  Thalberg published two books of philosophical studies through the Muirhead Library of Philosophy: \"Enigmas of Agency\" (Allen & Unwin, London, 1972), and \"Perception, Emotion & Action\" (Blackwells, Oxford, 1977). Unlike most epistemologists, Thalberg published articles that defended the Platonic tripartite analysis of knowledge (justified true belief, a.k.a. \"JTB\") against the more popular view that Gettier counterexamples refuted the JTB account. Specifically, Thalberg argued that justification is not transmissible through valid deduction.", "He found work as an office secretary at Universal Pictures' New York office, and later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle. Among Thalberg's duties were transcribing and editing notes that Laemmle had written during screenings of his films. He earned $25 weekly, becoming adept at making insightful observations, which impressed Laemmle. Laemmle took Thalberg to see his Los Angeles production facility, where he spent a month watching how movie production worked. Before returning to New York, Laemmle told Thalberg to remain and \"keep an eye on things for me.\" Two months later, Laemmle returned to California, partly to see how well Thalberg was able to handle the responsibilities he was given. Thalberg gave him suggestions, which impressed Laemmle by his ability to understand and explain problems. Thalberg suggested, \"The first thing you should do is establish a new job of studio manager and give him the responsibility of watching day-to-day operations.\" Laemmle immediately agreed, \"All right. You're it.\" In shock, Thalberg replied, \"I'm what?\" Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919. At age 20, Thalberg became responsible for immediately overseeing the nine ongoing film productions and nearly thirty scenarios then under development. In describing the rationale for this early appointment as studio manager, film historian David Thomson writes that his new job \"owed nothing to nepotism, private wealth, or experience in the film industry.\" He reasons that despite \"Thalberg's youth, modest education, and frail appearance . . .", "\"It Happened One Night\" (1934). Mayer and Irving Thalberg's relationship began warmly, but eventually the two became estranged; Thalberg preferred literary works to the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. Thalberg, always physically frail, was removed as head of production in 1932. Mayer encouraged other staff producers, among them his son-in-law David O. Selznick, but no one seemed to have the sure touch of Thalberg. As Thalberg fell increasingly ill in 1936, Louis Mayer could now serve as his temporary replacement. Rumors began circulating that Thalberg was leaving to set up his own independent company; his early death in 1936, at age 37, cost MGM dearly. After Thalberg's untimely death, Mayer became head of production, as well as studio chief, becoming the first million-dollar executive in American history. The company remained profitable, although a change toward \"series\" pictures (\"Andy Hardy\" starring Mickey Rooney, \"Maisie\" starring Ann Sothern, \"Thin Man\" starring William Powell and Myrna Loy,\" et al.\") is seen by some as evidence of Mayer's restored influence. Also playing a huge role was Ida Koverman, Mayer's secretary and \"right hand\". In 1937, Mayer hired Mervyn LeRoy, a former Warner Bros. (WB) producer/director as MGM's top producer and Thalberg's replacement. LeRoy talked Mayer into purchasing the rights to make a film version of the popular book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", which MGM did on June 3, 1938, from Sam Goldwyn for $75,000. Hits in 1939 included \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"Boys Town\" and \"Gone with the Wind\", starring Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara and Clark Gable as Rhett Butler.", "Samuel Marx Samuel Marx (January 26, 1902, New York City \u2013 March 2, 1992, Los Angeles) was an American film producer, screenwriter and book author. Died from heart failure. Marx was born to a Jewish family. and started working in 1919 as an office boy at the New York office of Universal Pictures, where he met Irving Thalberg, then secretary to Universal boss Carl Laemmle. On May 24, 1930, he arrived at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) Studios and was hired by Thalberg as Story Editor, the executive in charge of the screenwriting department. Following Irving Thalberg's death in 1936, Marx became a producer and was behind a number of popular films, including \"Lassie Come Home\" (1943) and \"Son of Lassie\" (1945). During the 1950s he began working as an executive producer for Desilu Productions, where he was responsible for films and shows such as \"The General Electric Hour\". During the 1970s, he returned to writing books, such as \"Mayer and Thalberg: The Make-Believe Saints\" (1975). Marx also helped Hollywood historians with their research for television shows. One such show, the TNT special series \"MGM: When the Lion Roars\", was telecast in 1992 during the month Marx died. In 1990, Samuel Marx and Joyce Vanderveen published \"Deadly Illusions\". Marx was MGM's Story Editor and a friend of both Paul Bern and Irving Thalberg at the time of Bern's death. In 1932, Marx had gone to Bern's house before the police were informed of the body's discovery. Thalberg told Marx that Bern was dead, and that he should not go inside, but rather he should go home.", "Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists. Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in small towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns and serials. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films\u2014Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women directing films in Hollywood. Despite Laemmle's role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew, Laemmle chose not to develop a theater chain. He also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. This policy nearly bankrupted the studio when actor-director Erich von Stroheim insisted on excessively lavish production values for his films \"Blind Husbands\" (1919) and \"Foolish Wives\" (1922), but Universal shrewdly gained a return on some of the expenditure by launching a sensational ad campaign that attracted moviegoers. Character actor Lon Chaney became a drawing card for Universal in the 1920s, appearing steadily in dramas. His two biggest hits for Universal were \"The Hunchback of Notre Dame\" (1923) and \"The Phantom of the Opera\" (1925). During this period Laemmle entrusted most of the production policy decisions to Irving Thalberg. Thalberg had been Laemmle's personal secretary, and Laemmle was impressed by his cogent observations of how efficiently the studio could be operated."], "answer": {"text": "Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919.", "answer_start": 1099}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he hired in this role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he ever promoted during his time with Universal?", "answer": {"text": "later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#4", "question": "Was he successful running the LA studio?", "rewrite": "Was Thalberg successful running the LA studio?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["During the summer of 1929, Fox was severely injured in an auto accident. By the time he recovered, the stock market crash had wiped out his fortune, destroying any chance of the deal going through even if the Justice Department had lifted its objections. Nonetheless, Schenck believed Mayer had cost him a fortune and never forgave him, causing an already frigid relationship to get even worse. In late 1922, Mayer was introduced to Irving Thalberg, then working for Universal Pictures. Mayer was searching for someone to help him manage his small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg made an immediate positive impression on Mayer, writes biographer Roland Flamini. Later that evening, after Thalberg had left, Mayer told the studio's attorney, Edwin Loeb, to let Thalberg know that if he wanted to work for Mayer, he would be treated like a son. Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, found it hard to believe that anyone \"so boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, he lacked Thalberg's strong ability to combine making films of quality with gaining commercial success. Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. Mayer and Thalberg were a brilliant team that worked well together.", "Sigismond Thalberg Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 \u2013 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century. Sigismond Thalberg was born in P\u00e2quis near Geneva, Switzerland, on 8 January 1812. According to legend, he was the illegitimate son of Prince Moritz Dietrichstein and Baroness Maria Julia Wetzlar von Plankenstern. However, according to his birth certificate, he was the son of Joseph Thalberg and Fortun\u00e9e Stein who were both from Frankfurt-am-Main. Little is known about Thalberg's childhood and early youth. It is possible that his mother had brought him to Vienna at the age of 10 (the same year in which the 10-year-old Franz Liszt arrived there with his parents). According to Thalberg's own account, he attended the first performance of Beethoven's 9th Symphony on 7 May 1824 in the K\u00e4rntnerthortheater. There is no evidence as to Thalberg's early teachers. Baroness von Wetzlar, his mother, who according to Wurzbach was occupied with his education during his childhood and early youth, was a brilliant amateur pianist. It may be therefore that she gave him his first instruction at the piano. In spring 1826 Thalberg studied with Ignaz Moscheles in London. Moscheles, according to a letter to Felix Mendelssohn of 14 August 1836, had the impression that Thalberg had already reached a level at which no further help would be needed in order to become a great artist. Thalberg's first public performance in London was on 17 May 1826. In Vienna on 6 April 1827 he played the first movement, and on 6 May 1827 the \"Adagio\" and the \"Rondo\" of Hummel's concerto in B Minor. After this, Thalberg performed regularly in Vienna.", "He found work as an office secretary at Universal Pictures' New York office, and later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle. Among Thalberg's duties were transcribing and editing notes that Laemmle had written during screenings of his films. He earned $25 weekly, becoming adept at making insightful observations, which impressed Laemmle. Laemmle took Thalberg to see his Los Angeles production facility, where he spent a month watching how movie production worked. Before returning to New York, Laemmle told Thalberg to remain and \"keep an eye on things for me.\" Two months later, Laemmle returned to California, partly to see how well Thalberg was able to handle the responsibilities he was given. Thalberg gave him suggestions, which impressed Laemmle by his ability to understand and explain problems. Thalberg suggested, \"The first thing you should do is establish a new job of studio manager and give him the responsibility of watching day-to-day operations.\" Laemmle immediately agreed, \"All right. You're it.\" In shock, Thalberg replied, \"I'm what?\" Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919. At age 20, Thalberg became responsible for immediately overseeing the nine ongoing film productions and nearly thirty scenarios then under development. In describing the rationale for this early appointment as studio manager, film historian David Thomson writes that his new job \"owed nothing to nepotism, private wealth, or experience in the film industry.\" He reasons that despite \"Thalberg's youth, modest education, and frail appearance . . .", "They relied on each other, and neither operated unilaterally. Mayer took charge of the business part of running the studio, such as setting budgets and approving new productions. Thalberg, eventually called the \"boy wonder\", took charge of all MGM productions. Director Joseph Newman said that their skills complemented each other well, with Thalberg having a great story mind, and Mayer having superior business acumen. They shared a guiding philosophy, to make the best motion pictures they could at any cost, even if it meant reshooting the entire picture. More important than showing a consistent profit with their films was, for them, to see MGM become a high quality studio. That goal began with their early silent films, when stars such as Greta Garbo, Mayer's discovery, acted on lush settings with spectacular camera work. Although they initially got along well, their relationship frayed over philosophical differences. Thalberg preferred literary works over the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. He ousted Thalberg as production chief in 1932, while Thalberg was recovering from a heart attack, and replaced him with producer David O. Selznick. But MGM received a serious blow when Thalberg died suddenly on September 14, 1936, at age 37. His death came as a shock to Mayer and everyone at MGM and the other studios. Mayer issued statements to the press, calling Thalberg \"the finest friend a man could ever have ... the guiding inspiration behind the artistic progress on the screen. \" His funeral was a major news event in Los Angeles. All the studios observed five minutes of silence, while MGM closed its studio for the entire day. Mayer dedicated MGM's front office building and christened it the Thalberg Building.", "Cecil B. DeMille was the first who wanted to hire him, telling his partner, Jesse Lasky, \"The boy is a genius. I can see it. I know it.\" Lasky opposed the hire, stating, \"Geniuses we have all we need.\" Thalberg then received an offer from Hal Roach, but the offer was withdrawn because Thalberg lacked experience with slapstick comedy films. In late 1922, Thalberg was introduced to Louis B. Mayer, president of a small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg \"made a deep, immediate impression on Mayer,\" writes Flamini. After Thalberg had left, Mayer said to studio attorney Edwin Loeb: \"Tell him if he comes to work for me, I'll look after him as though he were my son.\" Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, recalled that \"it was hard to believe anyone that boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, \"what he lacked was Thalberg's almost unerring ability to combine quality with commercial success, to bring artistic aspiration in line with the demands of the box office.\" Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. During his twelve years at MGM, Thalberg supervised the production of over four hundred films."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he hired in this role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he ever promoted during his time with Universal?", "answer": {"text": "later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after becoming Laemmle's secretary?", "answer": {"text": "Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919.", "answer_start": 1099, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#5", "question": "How long did he keep this position?", "rewrite": "How long did Irving Thalberg stay in charge of the LA studio?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During the summer of 1929, Fox was severely injured in an auto accident. By the time he recovered, the stock market crash had wiped out his fortune, destroying any chance of the deal going through even if the Justice Department had lifted its objections. Nonetheless, Schenck believed Mayer had cost him a fortune and never forgave him, causing an already frigid relationship to get even worse. In late 1922, Mayer was introduced to Irving Thalberg, then working for Universal Pictures. Mayer was searching for someone to help him manage his small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg made an immediate positive impression on Mayer, writes biographer Roland Flamini. Later that evening, after Thalberg had left, Mayer told the studio's attorney, Edwin Loeb, to let Thalberg know that if he wanted to work for Mayer, he would be treated like a son. Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, found it hard to believe that anyone \"so boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, he lacked Thalberg's strong ability to combine making films of quality with gaining commercial success. Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. Mayer and Thalberg were a brilliant team that worked well together.", "Irving Thalberg Jr. Irving Grant Thalberg Jr. (August 25, 1930 \u2013 August 21, 1987) was an author and the son of 1930s Hollywood producer Irving Thalberg and Academy Award-winning actress Norma Shearer. The Thalberg family lived at 707 Ocean Front Drive in Los Angeles. Thalberg was six years old when his father died from pneumonia at the age of 37. He was educated at Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland and attended Stanford University. He was a professor of philosophy at the University of Illinois in Chicago, Ill. until he died of cancer in 1987. Prior to the University of Illinois he was briefly a professor at the University of Washington  Thalberg published two books of philosophical studies through the Muirhead Library of Philosophy: \"Enigmas of Agency\" (Allen & Unwin, London, 1972), and \"Perception, Emotion & Action\" (Blackwells, Oxford, 1977). Unlike most epistemologists, Thalberg published articles that defended the Platonic tripartite analysis of knowledge (justified true belief, a.k.a. \"JTB\") against the more popular view that Gettier counterexamples refuted the JTB account. Specifically, Thalberg argued that justification is not transmissible through valid deduction.", "\"It Happened One Night\" (1934). Mayer and Irving Thalberg's relationship began warmly, but eventually the two became estranged; Thalberg preferred literary works to the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. Thalberg, always physically frail, was removed as head of production in 1932. Mayer encouraged other staff producers, among them his son-in-law David O. Selznick, but no one seemed to have the sure touch of Thalberg. As Thalberg fell increasingly ill in 1936, Louis Mayer could now serve as his temporary replacement. Rumors began circulating that Thalberg was leaving to set up his own independent company; his early death in 1936, at age 37, cost MGM dearly. After Thalberg's untimely death, Mayer became head of production, as well as studio chief, becoming the first million-dollar executive in American history. The company remained profitable, although a change toward \"series\" pictures (\"Andy Hardy\" starring Mickey Rooney, \"Maisie\" starring Ann Sothern, \"Thin Man\" starring William Powell and Myrna Loy,\" et al.\") is seen by some as evidence of Mayer's restored influence. Also playing a huge role was Ida Koverman, Mayer's secretary and \"right hand\". In 1937, Mayer hired Mervyn LeRoy, a former Warner Bros. (WB) producer/director as MGM's top producer and Thalberg's replacement. LeRoy talked Mayer into purchasing the rights to make a film version of the popular book \"The Wonderful Wizard of Oz\", which MGM did on June 3, 1938, from Sam Goldwyn for $75,000. Hits in 1939 included \"The Wizard of Oz\", \"Boys Town\" and \"Gone with the Wind\", starring Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara and Clark Gable as Rhett Butler.", "Samuel Marx Samuel Marx (January 26, 1902, New York City \u2013 March 2, 1992, Los Angeles) was an American film producer, screenwriter and book author. Died from heart failure. Marx was born to a Jewish family. and started working in 1919 as an office boy at the New York office of Universal Pictures, where he met Irving Thalberg, then secretary to Universal boss Carl Laemmle. On May 24, 1930, he arrived at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) Studios and was hired by Thalberg as Story Editor, the executive in charge of the screenwriting department. Following Irving Thalberg's death in 1936, Marx became a producer and was behind a number of popular films, including \"Lassie Come Home\" (1943) and \"Son of Lassie\" (1945). During the 1950s he began working as an executive producer for Desilu Productions, where he was responsible for films and shows such as \"The General Electric Hour\". During the 1970s, he returned to writing books, such as \"Mayer and Thalberg: The Make-Believe Saints\" (1975). Marx also helped Hollywood historians with their research for television shows. One such show, the TNT special series \"MGM: When the Lion Roars\", was telecast in 1992 during the month Marx died. In 1990, Samuel Marx and Joyce Vanderveen published \"Deadly Illusions\". Marx was MGM's Story Editor and a friend of both Paul Bern and Irving Thalberg at the time of Bern's death. In 1932, Marx had gone to Bern's house before the police were informed of the body's discovery. Thalberg told Marx that Bern was dead, and that he should not go inside, but rather he should go home.", "In a story conference, when her name was suggested to him for the part of a girl threatened with rape, Thalberg shook his head, and, with a wry smile, he said, \"She looks too well able to take care of herself.\" Shearer, for her part, found herself increasingly attracted to her boss. \"Something was understood between us, an indefinite feeling that neither of us could analyze. \" Thalberg's appeal was not primarily sexual. What attracted Shearer was his commanding presence and steely grace, the impression he gave that wherever he sat was always the head of the table. In spite of his youth \u2013 he was only 26 \u2013 Thalberg became a father figure to the 23-year-old actress. At the end of a working day in July 1925, Shearer received a phone call from Thalberg's secretary, asking if she would like to accompany Thalberg to the premiere of Chaplin's \"The Gold Rush\". That night, they made their first appearance as a couple. A few weeks later, Shearer went to Montreal to visit her father. While there, she had a reunion with an old school friend, who remembered: \"At the end of lunch, over coffee, Norma leant in across the table. ' I'm madly in love', she whispered. ' Who with?' I asked. ' With Irving Thalberg', she replied, smiling. I asked how Thalberg felt. ' I hope to marry him', Norma said, and then, with the flash of the assurance I remembered so well, 'I believe I will.'\" Over the next two years, both Shearer and Irving saw other people. Louise Brooks remembered: \"I held a dinner party sometime in 1926. All the place cards at the dinner table were books."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he hired in this role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he ever promoted during his time with Universal?", "answer": {"text": "later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after becoming Laemmle's secretary?", "answer": {"text": "Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919.", "answer_start": 1099, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful running the LA studio?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than Thalberg taking charge of the LA studio?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["During the summer of 1929, Fox was severely injured in an auto accident. By the time he recovered, the stock market crash had wiped out his fortune, destroying any chance of the deal going through even if the Justice Department had lifted its objections. Nonetheless, Schenck believed Mayer had cost him a fortune and never forgave him, causing an already frigid relationship to get even worse. In late 1922, Mayer was introduced to Irving Thalberg, then working for Universal Pictures. Mayer was searching for someone to help him manage his small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg made an immediate positive impression on Mayer, writes biographer Roland Flamini. Later that evening, after Thalberg had left, Mayer told the studio's attorney, Edwin Loeb, to let Thalberg know that if he wanted to work for Mayer, he would be treated like a son. Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, found it hard to believe that anyone \"so boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, he lacked Thalberg's strong ability to combine making films of quality with gaining commercial success. Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. Mayer and Thalberg were a brilliant team that worked well together.", "They relied on each other, and neither operated unilaterally. Mayer took charge of the business part of running the studio, such as setting budgets and approving new productions. Thalberg, eventually called the \"boy wonder\", took charge of all MGM productions. Director Joseph Newman said that their skills complemented each other well, with Thalberg having a great story mind, and Mayer having superior business acumen. They shared a guiding philosophy, to make the best motion pictures they could at any cost, even if it meant reshooting the entire picture. More important than showing a consistent profit with their films was, for them, to see MGM become a high quality studio. That goal began with their early silent films, when stars such as Greta Garbo, Mayer's discovery, acted on lush settings with spectacular camera work. Although they initially got along well, their relationship frayed over philosophical differences. Thalberg preferred literary works over the crowd-pleasers Mayer wanted. He ousted Thalberg as production chief in 1932, while Thalberg was recovering from a heart attack, and replaced him with producer David O. Selznick. But MGM received a serious blow when Thalberg died suddenly on September 14, 1936, at age 37. His death came as a shock to Mayer and everyone at MGM and the other studios. Mayer issued statements to the press, calling Thalberg \"the finest friend a man could ever have ... the guiding inspiration behind the artistic progress on the screen. \" His funeral was a major news event in Los Angeles. All the studios observed five minutes of silence, while MGM closed its studio for the entire day. Mayer dedicated MGM's front office building and christened it the Thalberg Building.", "Cecil B. DeMille was the first who wanted to hire him, telling his partner, Jesse Lasky, \"The boy is a genius. I can see it. I know it.\" Lasky opposed the hire, stating, \"Geniuses we have all we need.\" Thalberg then received an offer from Hal Roach, but the offer was withdrawn because Thalberg lacked experience with slapstick comedy films. In late 1922, Thalberg was introduced to Louis B. Mayer, president of a small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg \"made a deep, immediate impression on Mayer,\" writes Flamini. After Thalberg had left, Mayer said to studio attorney Edwin Loeb: \"Tell him if he comes to work for me, I'll look after him as though he were my son.\" Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, recalled that \"it was hard to believe anyone that boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, \"what he lacked was Thalberg's almost unerring ability to combine quality with commercial success, to bring artistic aspiration in line with the demands of the box office.\" Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. During his twelve years at MGM, Thalberg supervised the production of over four hundred films.", "The open letter calling for an end to the violence published on the front page of \"El Diario\", the newspaper for which these two photographers worked, illustrates the extent of the problem. It is vital that journalists be allowed to work safely, without fearing for their lives, so that Mexican society may enjoy the basic right of freedom of expression.\u201d His murder was also condemned by Aidan White, who is the general secretary of the International Federation of Journalists: \"Journalists are on the front line in the war between government and drug and crime cartels. Unless the government can provide adequate protection to journalists, there is no hope for an end to organised crime in the country.\" Investigative Reporters & Editors released a statement that acknowledged \"El Diaro\"'s continued role in reporting on crime when many newspapers have withheld information on account of concerns about safety. The statement said that Santiago was following in the tradition of Armando Rodr\u00edguez Carre\u00f3n, who had been killed 13 November 2008 in Cuidad Juarez. His death also prompted a heartfelt response, in Spanish, by a local comic book shop owner who had known Santiago from his time spent playing card games at the shop. The man says Santiago was a person who people looked up to, and his death was felt strongly amongst his circle of friends. Some friends even created a YouTube video memorial in his honor. The staff of El Diaro were at Santiago's funeral when they found out that a severed head was atop a car nearby. They went to investigate and found the head along with the editorial about Luis Carlos Santiago's death in El Diaro. The newspaper responded with a bold headline on the front page -- \"What do you want from us?\"\u2014and an editorial in response. Santiago was a trainee photographer, hired in May 2010 as an intern, and was about to be hired as a full-time employee on September 20.", "He found work as an office secretary at Universal Pictures' New York office, and later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle. Among Thalberg's duties were transcribing and editing notes that Laemmle had written during screenings of his films. He earned $25 weekly, becoming adept at making insightful observations, which impressed Laemmle. Laemmle took Thalberg to see his Los Angeles production facility, where he spent a month watching how movie production worked. Before returning to New York, Laemmle told Thalberg to remain and \"keep an eye on things for me.\" Two months later, Laemmle returned to California, partly to see how well Thalberg was able to handle the responsibilities he was given. Thalberg gave him suggestions, which impressed Laemmle by his ability to understand and explain problems. Thalberg suggested, \"The first thing you should do is establish a new job of studio manager and give him the responsibility of watching day-to-day operations.\" Laemmle immediately agreed, \"All right. You're it.\" In shock, Thalberg replied, \"I'm what?\" Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919. At age 20, Thalberg became responsible for immediately overseeing the nine ongoing film productions and nearly thirty scenarios then under development. In describing the rationale for this early appointment as studio manager, film historian David Thomson writes that his new job \"owed nothing to nepotism, private wealth, or experience in the film industry.\" He reasons that despite \"Thalberg's youth, modest education, and frail appearance . . ."], "answer": {"text": "Thalberg was one among the majority of Hollywood film industry workers who migrated from the East Coast,", "answer_start": 112}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he hired in this role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he ever promoted during his time with Universal?", "answer": {"text": "later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after becoming Laemmle's secretary?", "answer": {"text": "Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919.", "answer_start": 1099, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful running the LA studio?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he keep this position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0cdc930e8e854f949434bb7c03a478f9_0_q#7", "question": "Did he stay on the East Coast for the rest of his career?", "rewrite": "Did Thalberg stay on the East Coast for the rest of his career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 4 February Thalberg heard Liszt play in concert for the first time in his life. Thalberg was stupefied. While Liszt then gave over a dozen concerts, Thalberg gave only one concert on 12 March 1837 in the Paris Conservatoire, and a further concert on 2 April 1837. In addition, on 31 March 1837, both Liszt and Thalberg played at a benefit concert to raise money for Italian refugees. In May 1837 Thalberg gave a concert in London, following which \"The Athenaeum\" gave an enthusiastic review. Such enthusiasm followed Thalberg throughout the following years. His fantasy op.33 on melodies from Rossini's opera \"Mo\u00efse\" became one of the most famous concert pieces of the 19th century, and was still praised by Berlioz in his \"Memoirs\" (1869). The fantasy was published at end of March 1839 and in May 1839 studied by Clara Wieck who was delighted by it. In 1848 the fantasy was played by Liszt's daughter Blandine. After Thalberg's stay in London in May 1837, he made a first, short tour, giving concerts in several towns in Great Britain, but he became ill and soon returned to Vienna. In spring 1838 he gave concerts in Paris again. A note in the \"Revue et Gazette musicale\" of 4 March 1838, shows that Thalberg's fame had in the meanwhile grown. He was now called \"the most famous of our composers\". Thalberg left Paris on 18 April 1838, travelling to Vienna, the very day that Liszt gave there a charity concert for the benefit of the victims of a flood in Hungary. Thalberg invited Liszt for dinner, and the two great pianists dined together on the 28th with Prince Moritz Dietrichstein, who told Liszt, that he was delighted to have \"Castor and Pollux\" together in his home.", "Sigismond Thalberg Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 \u2013 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century. Sigismond Thalberg was born in P\u00e2quis near Geneva, Switzerland, on 8 January 1812. According to legend, he was the illegitimate son of Prince Moritz Dietrichstein and Baroness Maria Julia Wetzlar von Plankenstern. However, according to his birth certificate, he was the son of Joseph Thalberg and Fortun\u00e9e Stein who were both from Frankfurt-am-Main. Little is known about Thalberg's childhood and early youth. It is possible that his mother had brought him to Vienna at the age of 10 (the same year in which the 10-year-old Franz Liszt arrived there with his parents). According to Thalberg's own account, he attended the first performance of Beethoven's 9th Symphony on 7 May 1824 in the K\u00e4rntnerthortheater. There is no evidence as to Thalberg's early teachers. Baroness von Wetzlar, his mother, who according to Wurzbach was occupied with his education during his childhood and early youth, was a brilliant amateur pianist. It may be therefore that she gave him his first instruction at the piano. In spring 1826 Thalberg studied with Ignaz Moscheles in London. Moscheles, according to a letter to Felix Mendelssohn of 14 August 1836, had the impression that Thalberg had already reached a level at which no further help would be needed in order to become a great artist. Thalberg's first public performance in London was on 17 May 1826. In Vienna on 6 April 1827 he played the first movement, and on 6 May 1827 the \"Adagio\" and the \"Rondo\" of Hummel's concerto in B Minor. After this, Thalberg performed regularly in Vienna.", "Carl Friedrich Weitzmann, in his \"Geschichte des Klavierspiels\" (1879), wrote about this. The following example from the \"Mos\u00e8\" fantasy, apparently written after 1836, is typical of Thalberg's style of playing. In a review in the \"Revue et gazette musicale\", the finale of Thalberg's \"Mos\u00e8\" fantasy is described as follows It is not a difficult trick, and it sounds (and looks) much harder than it is, but it was new in the 1830s and it caused a sensation. Audiences were entranced, and would rise up from their seats to see how Thalberg did it. While Thalberg was still in Vienna, in the \"Revue et Gazette musicale\" of 8 January 1837, Liszt's review of some of Thalberg's piano works appeared. Liszt claimed that in the \"Grande fantaisie\" op.22 the left hand continually played arpeggios and nothing else. The description was polemic, since in large parts of the piece the left hand plays a variety of firms: but thumb-melodies were not mentioned by Liszt. In response to Liszt's review, in his essay \"MM. Thalberg et Liszt\"' in the \"Revue et Gazette musicale\" of 23 April 1837 , F\u00e9tis claimed that Thalberg had created a new piano-style by uniting two different schools. While playing brilliant passages, Thalberg simultaneously executed a singing melody. Liszt, in his reply in the \"Revue et Gazette musicale\" of 14 May 1837, wrote:  F\u00e9tis protested against Liszt's insinuation. But Thalberg had at his concert in the Paris Conservatoire on 12 March 1837, played for the first time his \"Mos\u00e8\" fantasy. The audience noted a magical effect. They could see that in the finale Thalberg was playing a bass and accompanying with his left hand.", "In his review of Thalberg's second concert he wrote, Thalberg would in 100 years have been canonized, and by all coming pianists be invoked with name of Holy Thalberg. According to the account by Berlioz, at the end of Thalberg's second concert a golden crown was thrown to the stage. In addition to his own concerts, Thalberg took part in a concert of Emile Prudent. He then travelled via Brussels to London. Later in 1842 Thalberg was decorated with the Cross of the French Legion of Honour. He travelled to Vienna where he stayed until fall 1842. In the second half of November until 12 December 1842, he made a further tour in Great Britain, and in January 1843 he returned to Paris. At end of March 1843 he performed at a private concert of Pierre Erard, but this was his only concert appearance during that season. In March 1843 Heinrich Heine wrote about Thalberg: In winter 1843\u201344 Thalberg gave concerts in Italy again. At end of March 1844 he returned to Paris, where at the same time also Liszt was expected. Liszt arrived on April 8 and gave on 16 April a first concert, at which he played his \"Norma-fantasy\", published shortly before. When composing his fantasy, Liszt had put many Thalberg-effects to it. In his later years, he told August G\u00f6llerich, one of his pupils: Shortly after Liszt's concert on 11 May 1844, Thalberg left Paris. He travelled to London and gave a concert there on 28 May 1844. At a further concert in London he played a concerto for three pianos by J. S. Bach together with Moscheles and Mendelssohn. He also took part in a concert of Jules Benedict. In August 1844 he returned to Paris where he stayed until 1845.", "Cecil B. DeMille was the first who wanted to hire him, telling his partner, Jesse Lasky, \"The boy is a genius. I can see it. I know it.\" Lasky opposed the hire, stating, \"Geniuses we have all we need.\" Thalberg then received an offer from Hal Roach, but the offer was withdrawn because Thalberg lacked experience with slapstick comedy films. In late 1922, Thalberg was introduced to Louis B. Mayer, president of a small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg \"made a deep, immediate impression on Mayer,\" writes Flamini. After Thalberg had left, Mayer said to studio attorney Edwin Loeb: \"Tell him if he comes to work for me, I'll look after him as though he were my son.\" Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, recalled that \"it was hard to believe anyone that boyish could be so important.\" According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, \"what he lacked was Thalberg's almost unerring ability to combine quality with commercial success, to bring artistic aspiration in line with the demands of the box office.\" Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice president in charge of production. Three years after the merger, MGM became the most successful studio in Hollywood. During his twelve years at MGM, Thalberg supervised the production of over four hundred films."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Irving Thalberg's role at Universal Studios?", "answer": {"text": "office secretary", "answer_start": 20, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was he hired in this role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he ever promoted during his time with Universal?", "answer": {"text": "later became personal secretary to the studio's founder and president, Carl Laemmle.", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after becoming Laemmle's secretary?", "answer": {"text": "Laemmle told him to take charge of the Los Angeles studio, which he did in early 1919.", "answer_start": 1099, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful running the LA studio?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he keep this position?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Thalberg was one among the majority of Hollywood film industry workers who migrated from the East Coast,", "answer_start": 112, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_303ca31bb8cf4fb58148a4619ad9e551_0_q#0", "question": "What type of injury did Seabiscuit have?", "rewrite": "What type of injury did Seabiscuit have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Smith then convinces Howard to acquire the colt \"Seabiscuit\", who comes from noted lineage but had been deemed \"incorrigible\" by past handlers. Smith is unable to find a jockey willing to deal with Seabiscuit's temperament, but after witnessing Red Pollard brawling with other stable boys, he sees in him a similar temperament to the feisty horse and appoints him as Seabiscuit's jockey. Seabiscuit and Pollard become close, and they begin to race. After overcoming early difficulties, such as a dismissive media and Pollard's anger issues and blind eye, Seabiscuit earns considerable success and becomes an extremely popular underdog for the millions affected by the Great Depression. Inspired, Howard tries repeatedly to provoke a race with the mocking New York tycoon Samuel Riddle and his \"War Admiral\", the top race horse in the country. Riddle eventually relents to a match race on his terms between War Admiral and Seabiscuit, but while the date approaches, Pollard is injured in a riding accident, fracturing his leg. When the doctor reports that he will be unable to ride again, Red suggests that Howard get an old friend, George Woolf (Gary Stevens) to be Seabiscuit's new rider. Red teaches Woolf about Seabiscuit's handling and mannerisms. At the match race, Seabiscuit upsets the heavy favorite, War Admiral, partly because of a secret that Pollard relates to Woolf, instructing him to hold him head to head with the other horse so he gets \"a good look at the Admiral\". Later Seabiscuit is racing at Santa Anita when he is injured. Red helps him to recover and get fit enough to race again. The last race is again at Santa Anita, and Red rides him this time after putting a special self-made brace on his own leg to keep it stable.", "Sea Sovereign Sea Sovereign was an American Thoroughbred stallion racehorse foaled in 1942, sired by 1930s winner Seabiscuit, for owner Charles Howard. Although Sea Sovereign achieved moderate success as a racehorse, he is most famous for being part of the line sired by Seabiscuit. The fine lines of Sea Sovereign's posture, along with his light-bay coloring, resulted in the horse appearing in the 1949 Shirley Temple film to portray his sire, \"The Story of Seabiscuit\". Sea Sovereign was foaled in 1942, sired by Seabiscuit, who was born on May 23, 1933, in Lexington, Kentucky, and was among the most famous race horses of the century. Both horses were in a line of pedigree descended from Man o' War. Seabiscuit had been mated over one hundred times successfully, though none of his foals turned out to be extraordinary runners. Sea Sovereign's mother was Queen Helen by Light Brigade. One account of Seabiscuit's life is depicted in a Shirley Temple film from 1949 titled \"The Story of Seabiscuit\", though it was Sea Sovereign who portrayed Seabiscuit. The film also included archival racetrack footage which showed the actual Seabiscuit racing in competition. Sea Sovereign was also the great-grandson of Man o' War (who appeared in a separate, 1925 film titled \"Kentucky Pride\"). Sea Sovereign had a very moderate and very brief career as a racehorse. He made eight starts with three firsts and $34,070 in earnings. The most notable win came in the Santa Catalina Handicap in 1945. Very little is known of the subsequent career of Sea Sovereign, and the principal interest in the horse after a moderately successfully racing career appears to be as part of the study of the stud career of Seabiscuit.", "According to the Eastern Racing Association, Foley secretly worked to acquire a license for Outdoor Amusements, Inc. while Connors demanded that his fellow Eastern Racing Association shareholders sell him their stake in Suffolk Downs or they would not get any favorable racing dates. The racing commission voted to revoke Outdoor Amusements' license due to misleading information in their application, but found that there was not enough evidence to establish a conspiracy between Outdoor Amusements, Connors, and Foley. On June 29, 1936, Seabiscuit won an allowance race at Suffolk Downs. This was the first time trainer Tom Smith saw Seabiscuit race and he would later recommend that Charles S. Howard purchase the horse. Smith and Howard would go on to make Seabiscuit a national hero. Seabiscuit would return to the track in 1937 to race in the Massachusetts Handicap. The race was attended by 40,000 people. Seabiscuit won the race in 1:49, which broke the track record for 1 1/8 miles. The victory was Seabiscuit's seventh consecutive win, a career high. The winner\u2019s purse of $51,780 was the largest of Seabiscuit\u2019s career up to that point and would only be surpassed by his final victory, the 1940 Santa Anita Handicap. In 1938, 60,000 people turned out to watch Seabiscuit defend his MassCap title against War Admiral. However, Seabiscuit was scratched due to an injury minutes before post time. The race was won by Menow. War Admiral finished fourth, breaking his streak of eleven-consecutive victories and marking the only time in his career that he would finish out of the money. On July 15, 1942, Whirlaway succeeded Seabiscuit as the all-time leading money-earner by winning the MassCap. During World War II, the track continued to hold races.", "In 1938, he won eight major races, including the Whitney Handicap and the Jockey Club Gold Cup. He is linked forever with the year-older Seabiscuit, who was a grandson of Man o' War and the preeminent horse based in the western U.S. Seabiscuit's owner, Charles Howard, brought his horse across country to give Seabiscuit the chance to prove himself to the eastern racing establishment. Seabiscuit and War Admiral almost faced each other several times that summer but for one reason or another, they never met. Finally, a meeting was arranged for November 1, 1938, in the Pimlico Special, in what was billed as The Match Race of the Century. Samuel Riddle asked that the race be run without a starting gate in light of War Admiral's problematic history. With War Admiral's early speed, he was widely seen to have a tactical advantage in a match race and went off as the favorite. However, Seabiscuit's trainer had secretly conditioned Seabiscuit to bolt at the sound of a bell, which resulted in Seabiscuit getting the all important early lead. Seabiscuit won by four lengths and broke the track record. War Admiral raced twice more, winning the Rhode Island Handicap in 1938 and a race at Hialeah in February 1939, before an injury prompted his retirement. An asterisk before the odds means War Admiral was the post time favorite Source: \"Daily Racing Form\" Past Performances War Admiral stood at Faraway Farm until 1958, when the executors of Riddle's estate sold the remaining portion of the farm. War Admiral was then moved to Hamburg Place, where he died in 1959. War Admiral was the leading American sire in 1945 and the leading juvenile sire in 1948. Before his 1959 death, War Admiral sired 40 stakes winners.", "Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble. The injury was not life-threatening, although many predicted Seabiscuit would never race again. The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg. With Seabiscuit out of action, Smith and Howard concentrated on their horse Kayak II, an Argentine stallion. Seabiscuit and a still-convalescing Pollard recovered together at Howard's ranch, with the help of Pollard's new wife Agnes, who had nursed him through his initial recovery. Slowly, both horse and rider learned to walk again (Pollard joked that they \"had four good legs between\" them). Poverty and his injury had brought Pollard to the edge of alcoholism. A local doctor broke and reset Pollard's leg to aid his recovery, and slowly Pollard regained the confidence to sit on a horse. Wearing a brace to stiffen his atrophied leg, he began to ride Seabiscuit again, first at a walk and later at a trot and canter. Howard was delighted at their improvement, as he longed for Seabiscuit to race again, but was extremely worried about Pollard, as his leg was still fragile. Over the fall and winter of 1939, Seabiscuit's fitness seemed to improve by the day. By the end of the year, Smith was ready to return the horse to race training, with a collection of stable jockeys in the saddle. By the time of his comeback race, Pollard had cajoled Howard into allowing him the ride. After the horse was scratched due to soft going, the pair finally lined up at the start of the La Jolla Handicap at Santa Anita, on February 9, 1940. Seabiscuit was third, beaten by two lengths."], "answer": {"text": "The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg.", "answer_start": 198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_303ca31bb8cf4fb58148a4619ad9e551_0_q#1", "question": "When was this injury?", "rewrite": "When was Seabiscuit's injury in the front left leg?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to the Eastern Racing Association, Foley secretly worked to acquire a license for Outdoor Amusements, Inc. while Connors demanded that his fellow Eastern Racing Association shareholders sell him their stake in Suffolk Downs or they would not get any favorable racing dates. The racing commission voted to revoke Outdoor Amusements' license due to misleading information in their application, but found that there was not enough evidence to establish a conspiracy between Outdoor Amusements, Connors, and Foley. On June 29, 1936, Seabiscuit won an allowance race at Suffolk Downs. This was the first time trainer Tom Smith saw Seabiscuit race and he would later recommend that Charles S. Howard purchase the horse. Smith and Howard would go on to make Seabiscuit a national hero. Seabiscuit would return to the track in 1937 to race in the Massachusetts Handicap. The race was attended by 40,000 people. Seabiscuit won the race in 1:49, which broke the track record for 1 1/8 miles. The victory was Seabiscuit's seventh consecutive win, a career high. The winner\u2019s purse of $51,780 was the largest of Seabiscuit\u2019s career up to that point and would only be surpassed by his final victory, the 1940 Santa Anita Handicap. In 1938, 60,000 people turned out to watch Seabiscuit defend his MassCap title against War Admiral. However, Seabiscuit was scratched due to an injury minutes before post time. The race was won by Menow. War Admiral finished fourth, breaking his streak of eleven-consecutive victories and marking the only time in his career that he would finish out of the money. On July 15, 1942, Whirlaway succeeded Seabiscuit as the all-time leading money-earner by winning the MassCap. During World War II, the track continued to hold races.", "Smith then convinces Howard to acquire the colt \"Seabiscuit\", who comes from noted lineage but had been deemed \"incorrigible\" by past handlers. Smith is unable to find a jockey willing to deal with Seabiscuit's temperament, but after witnessing Red Pollard brawling with other stable boys, he sees in him a similar temperament to the feisty horse and appoints him as Seabiscuit's jockey. Seabiscuit and Pollard become close, and they begin to race. After overcoming early difficulties, such as a dismissive media and Pollard's anger issues and blind eye, Seabiscuit earns considerable success and becomes an extremely popular underdog for the millions affected by the Great Depression. Inspired, Howard tries repeatedly to provoke a race with the mocking New York tycoon Samuel Riddle and his \"War Admiral\", the top race horse in the country. Riddle eventually relents to a match race on his terms between War Admiral and Seabiscuit, but while the date approaches, Pollard is injured in a riding accident, fracturing his leg. When the doctor reports that he will be unable to ride again, Red suggests that Howard get an old friend, George Woolf (Gary Stevens) to be Seabiscuit's new rider. Red teaches Woolf about Seabiscuit's handling and mannerisms. At the match race, Seabiscuit upsets the heavy favorite, War Admiral, partly because of a secret that Pollard relates to Woolf, instructing him to hold him head to head with the other horse so he gets \"a good look at the Admiral\". Later Seabiscuit is racing at Santa Anita when he is injured. Red helps him to recover and get fit enough to race again. The last race is again at Santa Anita, and Red rides him this time after putting a special self-made brace on his own leg to keep it stable.", "It is performed by lifting the knee and quickly extending the leg with toes pulled back while tilting the torso slightly backwards to strike the opponent in the abdomen, chest or face. Contrary to the Ben\u00e7\u00e3o this is intended as a hard and fast striking kick. This is one of the most commonly used of the basic kicks in contemporary regional. To execute with the right leg, one begins in mid-ginga stance, with the left leg back and the right forward. From this position, step slightly to the left with the right leg, shifting body weight onto the forward (right) leg while the body faces left. Immediately bring the left leg forward, crossing it behind the right while beginning to throw body weight forward to gain momentum. When the body weight is fully resting on the left leg, release the right leg, kicking it in a large, sweeping arc to the right, keeping the leg straight throughout. When the kick has been completed, the capoeirista is now in mid-ginga stance, except now with the right leg back and the left forward. Throughout this move one must always remember to guard his or her face using the thick part of the forearms (as is done in all capoeira moves). Reverse all directions (left-right and vice versa) in order to execute a queixada with the left leg. A raiz is a type of kick used in contemporary regional. It could be described as a sideswipe with less rotation, so the practitioner lands on the rear leg from the take off instead of the kicking leg. However, in terms of tricking, the raiz is not a kick, but rather an evasive move aimed to avoid an attack toward the legs. The set-up for the raiz is exactly like the 540 kick, but the technique required for a successful raiz is similar to a Double Leg.", "Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble. The injury was not life-threatening, although many predicted Seabiscuit would never race again. The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg. With Seabiscuit out of action, Smith and Howard concentrated on their horse Kayak II, an Argentine stallion. Seabiscuit and a still-convalescing Pollard recovered together at Howard's ranch, with the help of Pollard's new wife Agnes, who had nursed him through his initial recovery. Slowly, both horse and rider learned to walk again (Pollard joked that they \"had four good legs between\" them). Poverty and his injury had brought Pollard to the edge of alcoholism. A local doctor broke and reset Pollard's leg to aid his recovery, and slowly Pollard regained the confidence to sit on a horse. Wearing a brace to stiffen his atrophied leg, he began to ride Seabiscuit again, first at a walk and later at a trot and canter. Howard was delighted at their improvement, as he longed for Seabiscuit to race again, but was extremely worried about Pollard, as his leg was still fragile. Over the fall and winter of 1939, Seabiscuit's fitness seemed to improve by the day. By the end of the year, Smith was ready to return the horse to race training, with a collection of stable jockeys in the saddle. By the time of his comeback race, Pollard had cajoled Howard into allowing him the ride. After the horse was scratched due to soft going, the pair finally lined up at the start of the La Jolla Handicap at Santa Anita, on February 9, 1940. Seabiscuit was third, beaten by two lengths.", "Flare (acrobatic move) The flare is an acrobatic move in which the performer alternates balancing the torso between either arm while swinging the legs beneath in continuous circles. It is a fundamental b-boying power move, and in gymnastics it may be performed on a pommel horse or during the floor exercise. The move is commonly spelled flair in gymnastics and further may be called a \"Thomas flair\" after its originator, Kurt Thomas. The left leg begins about 10 inches behind the right (not lined up). If the breaker already has momentum, he/she quickly puts down his left hand close to the left leg facing the fingers away from the body, towards the left. Next, the left leg is swung around as hard as possible while doing a jump. The breaker is prepared to put down the right hand. All of the breaker's weight shifts to the right arm, and he/ she kicks the left leg up as high as possible. The right leg swings under the left and then the left hand comes down in front, such that both hands are now in front. Arching his/her back and without touching the ground, the breaker kicks the right leg up again and swings the left leg around low for another rotation. A progression for this move would be double leg circles on a mushroom (similar to a pommel horse but rounded and lower down). This consists of his/her legs rotating around the mushroom 360 degrees elevated roughly 40 cm off the floor with nothing but his/her hands touching the mushroom. There are several flare variants: The Airflare, sometimes also called an Airtrack, is an advanced move that is similar in concept to a Halo, also known as Headtracks or just tracks. This is because they share the feel when it comes to piking your legs and swinging them in between the hand switch."], "answer": {"text": "Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of injury did Seabiscuit have?", "answer": {"text": "The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_303ca31bb8cf4fb58148a4619ad9e551_0_q#2", "question": "How was his return to racing?", "rewrite": "How was Seabiscuit's return to racing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sea Sovereign Sea Sovereign was an American Thoroughbred stallion racehorse foaled in 1942, sired by 1930s winner Seabiscuit, for owner Charles Howard. Although Sea Sovereign achieved moderate success as a racehorse, he is most famous for being part of the line sired by Seabiscuit. The fine lines of Sea Sovereign's posture, along with his light-bay coloring, resulted in the horse appearing in the 1949 Shirley Temple film to portray his sire, \"The Story of Seabiscuit\". Sea Sovereign was foaled in 1942, sired by Seabiscuit, who was born on May 23, 1933, in Lexington, Kentucky, and was among the most famous race horses of the century. Both horses were in a line of pedigree descended from Man o' War. Seabiscuit had been mated over one hundred times successfully, though none of his foals turned out to be extraordinary runners. Sea Sovereign's mother was Queen Helen by Light Brigade. One account of Seabiscuit's life is depicted in a Shirley Temple film from 1949 titled \"The Story of Seabiscuit\", though it was Sea Sovereign who portrayed Seabiscuit. The film also included archival racetrack footage which showed the actual Seabiscuit racing in competition. Sea Sovereign was also the great-grandson of Man o' War (who appeared in a separate, 1925 film titled \"Kentucky Pride\"). Sea Sovereign had a very moderate and very brief career as a racehorse. He made eight starts with three firsts and $34,070 in earnings. The most notable win came in the Santa Catalina Handicap in 1945. Very little is known of the subsequent career of Sea Sovereign, and the principal interest in the horse after a moderately successfully racing career appears to be as part of the study of the stud career of Seabiscuit.", "Smith then convinces Howard to acquire the colt \"Seabiscuit\", who comes from noted lineage but had been deemed \"incorrigible\" by past handlers. Smith is unable to find a jockey willing to deal with Seabiscuit's temperament, but after witnessing Red Pollard brawling with other stable boys, he sees in him a similar temperament to the feisty horse and appoints him as Seabiscuit's jockey. Seabiscuit and Pollard become close, and they begin to race. After overcoming early difficulties, such as a dismissive media and Pollard's anger issues and blind eye, Seabiscuit earns considerable success and becomes an extremely popular underdog for the millions affected by the Great Depression. Inspired, Howard tries repeatedly to provoke a race with the mocking New York tycoon Samuel Riddle and his \"War Admiral\", the top race horse in the country. Riddle eventually relents to a match race on his terms between War Admiral and Seabiscuit, but while the date approaches, Pollard is injured in a riding accident, fracturing his leg. When the doctor reports that he will be unable to ride again, Red suggests that Howard get an old friend, George Woolf (Gary Stevens) to be Seabiscuit's new rider. Red teaches Woolf about Seabiscuit's handling and mannerisms. At the match race, Seabiscuit upsets the heavy favorite, War Admiral, partly because of a secret that Pollard relates to Woolf, instructing him to hold him head to head with the other horse so he gets \"a good look at the Admiral\". Later Seabiscuit is racing at Santa Anita when he is injured. Red helps him to recover and get fit enough to race again. The last race is again at Santa Anita, and Red rides him this time after putting a special self-made brace on his own leg to keep it stable.", "Seabiscuit was foaled in Lexington, Kentucky, on May 23, 1933, from the mare Swing On and sire Hard Tack, a son of Man o' War. Seabiscuit was named for his father, as hardtack or \"sea biscuit\" is the name for a type of cracker eaten by sailors. The bay colt grew up on Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, where he was trained. He was undersized, knobby-kneed, and given to sleeping and eating for long periods. Initially, Seabiscuit was owned by the powerful Wheatley Stable and trained by \"Sunny Jim\" Fitzsimmons, who had taken Gallant Fox to the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing. Fitzsimmons saw some potential in Seabiscuit but felt the horse was too lazy. Fitzsimmons devoted most of his time to training Omaha, who won the 1935 Triple Crown. Seabiscuit was relegated to a heavy schedule of smaller races. He failed to win his first 17 races, usually finishing back in the field. After that, Fitzsimmons did not spend much time on him, and the horse was sometimes the butt of stable jokes. Seabiscuit began to gain attention after winning two races at Narragansett Park and setting a new track record in the second - a Claiming Stakes race. As a two-year-old, Seabiscuit raced 35 times (a heavy racing schedule), coming in first five times and finishing second seven times. These included three claiming races, in which he could have been purchased for $2500, but he had no takers. While Seabiscuit had not lived up to his racing potential, he was not the poor performer Fitzsimmons had taken him for. His last two wins as a two-year-old came in minor stakes races.", "According to the Eastern Racing Association, Foley secretly worked to acquire a license for Outdoor Amusements, Inc. while Connors demanded that his fellow Eastern Racing Association shareholders sell him their stake in Suffolk Downs or they would not get any favorable racing dates. The racing commission voted to revoke Outdoor Amusements' license due to misleading information in their application, but found that there was not enough evidence to establish a conspiracy between Outdoor Amusements, Connors, and Foley. On June 29, 1936, Seabiscuit won an allowance race at Suffolk Downs. This was the first time trainer Tom Smith saw Seabiscuit race and he would later recommend that Charles S. Howard purchase the horse. Smith and Howard would go on to make Seabiscuit a national hero. Seabiscuit would return to the track in 1937 to race in the Massachusetts Handicap. The race was attended by 40,000 people. Seabiscuit won the race in 1:49, which broke the track record for 1 1/8 miles. The victory was Seabiscuit's seventh consecutive win, a career high. The winner\u2019s purse of $51,780 was the largest of Seabiscuit\u2019s career up to that point and would only be surpassed by his final victory, the 1940 Santa Anita Handicap. In 1938, 60,000 people turned out to watch Seabiscuit defend his MassCap title against War Admiral. However, Seabiscuit was scratched due to an injury minutes before post time. The race was won by Menow. War Admiral finished fourth, breaking his streak of eleven-consecutive victories and marking the only time in his career that he would finish out of the money. On July 15, 1942, Whirlaway succeeded Seabiscuit as the all-time leading money-earner by winning the MassCap. During World War II, the track continued to hold races.", "In 1938, he won eight major races, including the Whitney Handicap and the Jockey Club Gold Cup. He is linked forever with the year-older Seabiscuit, who was a grandson of Man o' War and the preeminent horse based in the western U.S. Seabiscuit's owner, Charles Howard, brought his horse across country to give Seabiscuit the chance to prove himself to the eastern racing establishment. Seabiscuit and War Admiral almost faced each other several times that summer but for one reason or another, they never met. Finally, a meeting was arranged for November 1, 1938, in the Pimlico Special, in what was billed as The Match Race of the Century. Samuel Riddle asked that the race be run without a starting gate in light of War Admiral's problematic history. With War Admiral's early speed, he was widely seen to have a tactical advantage in a match race and went off as the favorite. However, Seabiscuit's trainer had secretly conditioned Seabiscuit to bolt at the sound of a bell, which resulted in Seabiscuit getting the all important early lead. Seabiscuit won by four lengths and broke the track record. War Admiral raced twice more, winning the Rhode Island Handicap in 1938 and a race at Hialeah in February 1939, before an injury prompted his retirement. An asterisk before the odds means War Admiral was the post time favorite Source: \"Daily Racing Form\" Past Performances War Admiral stood at Faraway Farm until 1958, when the executors of Riddle's estate sold the remaining portion of the farm. War Admiral was then moved to Hamburg Place, where he died in 1959. War Admiral was the leading American sire in 1945 and the leading juvenile sire in 1948. Before his 1959 death, War Admiral sired 40 stakes winners."], "answer": {"text": "By their third comeback race, Seabiscuit was back to his winning ways,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of injury did Seabiscuit have?", "answer": {"text": "The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this injury?", "answer": {"text": "Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_303ca31bb8cf4fb58148a4619ad9e551_0_q#3", "question": "Did he have more injuries?", "rewrite": "Did Seabiscuit have more injuries besides the ruptured suspensory ligament?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble. The injury was not life-threatening, although many predicted Seabiscuit would never race again. The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg. With Seabiscuit out of action, Smith and Howard concentrated on their horse Kayak II, an Argentine stallion. Seabiscuit and a still-convalescing Pollard recovered together at Howard's ranch, with the help of Pollard's new wife Agnes, who had nursed him through his initial recovery. Slowly, both horse and rider learned to walk again (Pollard joked that they \"had four good legs between\" them). Poverty and his injury had brought Pollard to the edge of alcoholism. A local doctor broke and reset Pollard's leg to aid his recovery, and slowly Pollard regained the confidence to sit on a horse. Wearing a brace to stiffen his atrophied leg, he began to ride Seabiscuit again, first at a walk and later at a trot and canter. Howard was delighted at their improvement, as he longed for Seabiscuit to race again, but was extremely worried about Pollard, as his leg was still fragile. Over the fall and winter of 1939, Seabiscuit's fitness seemed to improve by the day. By the end of the year, Smith was ready to return the horse to race training, with a collection of stable jockeys in the saddle. By the time of his comeback race, Pollard had cajoled Howard into allowing him the ride. After the horse was scratched due to soft going, the pair finally lined up at the start of the La Jolla Handicap at Santa Anita, on February 9, 1940. Seabiscuit was third, beaten by two lengths.", "The Story of Seabiscuit The Story of Seabiscuit is a 1949 American Technicolor drama film directed by David Butler and starring Shirley Temple and Barry Fitzgerald in a semi-fictionalized account of racehorse Seabiscuit, the top money winner up to the 1940s. The screenplay was written by John Taintor Foote, uses the actual racehorse names, but changed the names of people involved. Though shot in Technicolor, the film incorporates actual black-and-white footage of Seabiscuit in races, including the 1940 Santa Anita Handicap and the 1938 match race against rival War Admiral, which is still considered by many to be the greatest horse race of all time. The film is a fictionalized account of the career of the 1930s racehorse Seabiscuit (1933\u20131947), with a subplot involving the romance between the niece (Temple) of a horse trainer (Fitzgerald) and a jockey (Lon McCallister). In July 1940 David Butler was taking technicolor footage of Seabiscuit for a film called \"Blood Will Tell\" for RKO. This included footage of Seabiscuit's win at Santa Anita against Kayak after Seabiscuit had recovered from a ruptured suspensory ligament. The cast was to include Lucille Ball, Edna May Oliver and Leon Errol. Dick Powell was going to play the lead then John Wayne; the title was changed to \"True to Form\". Wayne fell out and Randolph Scott and James Craig were considered for the film. Eventually it was not made. Butler was friends with Charles Howard. A common friend, Phil Hall, told Butler that Howard was ill and would love to see a film made out of Seabiscuit. Butler approached Jack Warner, who was a horse owner, and pitched the project, saying Barry Fitzgerald would be ideal for the role of Tom Smith the trainer.", "Suspensory ligament of ovary The suspensory ligament of the ovary, also infundibulopelvic ligament (commonly abbreviated IP ligament or simply IP), is a fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. Some sources consider it a part of the broad ligament of uterus while other sources just consider it a \"termination\" of the ligament. It is not considered a true ligament in that it does not physically support any anatomical structures; however it is an important landmark and it houses the ovarian vessels. The suspensory ligament is directed upward over the iliac vessels. It contains the ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus, and lymphatic vessels. The suspensory ligament of the ovary is one continuous tissue that connects the ovary to the wall of the pelvis. There are separate names for the two regions of this tissue. In sum, the suspensory ligament consists of a single connective tissue from that has different regional notations, the peritoneum and the broad ligament. Most of the abdominal cavity is lined by a double-membranous sac called peritoneum . The interior is called the peritoneal cavity, this is the location of all 'intra-peritoneal' organs (disambiguation: retro-peritoneal organs ). The most inferior extent of the peritoneum covers the pelvic inlet; in females, this region of the peritoneum is referred to as the 'broad ligament'. The suspensory ligament originates from the mesonephros, which, in turn, originates from intermediate mesoderm.", "Suspensory ligament of thyroid gland The suspensory ligament of the thyroid gland, or Berry's ligament, is a suspensory ligament that passes from the thyroid gland to the trachea. The posterior layer of the thyroid capsule is thick. On either side, it forms suspensory ligament for the thyroid gland known as the suspensory ligament of Berry. The ligaments are attached chiefly to the cricoid cartilage, and may extend to the thyroid cartilage. The thyroid gland and all thyroid swelling move with the deglutition because the thyroid is attached to cartilage of laryng by the suspensory ligament of berry. ligament of berry also prevent the thyroid gland to sink into the mediastinum.", "Suspensory ligament of clitoris The suspensory ligament of the clitoris is a fibrous band at the deep fascial level that extends from the pubic symphysis to the deep fascia of the clitoris, anchoring the clitoris to the pubic symphysis. By virtue of this connection, the pubic symphysis supports the clitoris. The suspensory ligament of clitoris consistently displayed two components: a superficial fibro-fatty structure extending from a broad base within the mons pubis to converge on the body of the clitoris and extending into the labia majora: in addition there is a deep component with a narrow origin on the symphysis pubis extending to the body and the bulbs of the clitoris. Its form and position differs from those of the suspensory ligament of the penis. During sexual arousal, the ligament shortens and swells. This pulls the clitoral shaft in such a way that the clitoral glans appears to retract beneath the clitoral hood."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of injury did Seabiscuit have?", "answer": {"text": "The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this injury?", "answer": {"text": "Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his return to racing?", "answer": {"text": "By their third comeback race, Seabiscuit was back to his winning ways,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_303ca31bb8cf4fb58148a4619ad9e551_0_q#4", "question": "Any other interesting information?", "rewrite": "Besides Seabiscuit's racing injury, is there any other interesting information in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Smith then convinces Howard to acquire the colt \"Seabiscuit\", who comes from noted lineage but had been deemed \"incorrigible\" by past handlers. Smith is unable to find a jockey willing to deal with Seabiscuit's temperament, but after witnessing Red Pollard brawling with other stable boys, he sees in him a similar temperament to the feisty horse and appoints him as Seabiscuit's jockey. Seabiscuit and Pollard become close, and they begin to race. After overcoming early difficulties, such as a dismissive media and Pollard's anger issues and blind eye, Seabiscuit earns considerable success and becomes an extremely popular underdog for the millions affected by the Great Depression. Inspired, Howard tries repeatedly to provoke a race with the mocking New York tycoon Samuel Riddle and his \"War Admiral\", the top race horse in the country. Riddle eventually relents to a match race on his terms between War Admiral and Seabiscuit, but while the date approaches, Pollard is injured in a riding accident, fracturing his leg. When the doctor reports that he will be unable to ride again, Red suggests that Howard get an old friend, George Woolf (Gary Stevens) to be Seabiscuit's new rider. Red teaches Woolf about Seabiscuit's handling and mannerisms. At the match race, Seabiscuit upsets the heavy favorite, War Admiral, partly because of a secret that Pollard relates to Woolf, instructing him to hold him head to head with the other horse so he gets \"a good look at the Admiral\". Later Seabiscuit is racing at Santa Anita when he is injured. Red helps him to recover and get fit enough to race again. The last race is again at Santa Anita, and Red rides him this time after putting a special self-made brace on his own leg to keep it stable.", "In 1938, he won eight major races, including the Whitney Handicap and the Jockey Club Gold Cup. He is linked forever with the year-older Seabiscuit, who was a grandson of Man o' War and the preeminent horse based in the western U.S. Seabiscuit's owner, Charles Howard, brought his horse across country to give Seabiscuit the chance to prove himself to the eastern racing establishment. Seabiscuit and War Admiral almost faced each other several times that summer but for one reason or another, they never met. Finally, a meeting was arranged for November 1, 1938, in the Pimlico Special, in what was billed as The Match Race of the Century. Samuel Riddle asked that the race be run without a starting gate in light of War Admiral's problematic history. With War Admiral's early speed, he was widely seen to have a tactical advantage in a match race and went off as the favorite. However, Seabiscuit's trainer had secretly conditioned Seabiscuit to bolt at the sound of a bell, which resulted in Seabiscuit getting the all important early lead. Seabiscuit won by four lengths and broke the track record. War Admiral raced twice more, winning the Rhode Island Handicap in 1938 and a race at Hialeah in February 1939, before an injury prompted his retirement. An asterisk before the odds means War Admiral was the post time favorite Source: \"Daily Racing Form\" Past Performances War Admiral stood at Faraway Farm until 1958, when the executors of Riddle's estate sold the remaining portion of the farm. War Admiral was then moved to Hamburg Place, where he died in 1959. War Admiral was the leading American sire in 1945 and the leading juvenile sire in 1948. Before his 1959 death, War Admiral sired 40 stakes winners.", "Seabiscuit was foaled in Lexington, Kentucky, on May 23, 1933, from the mare Swing On and sire Hard Tack, a son of Man o' War. Seabiscuit was named for his father, as hardtack or \"sea biscuit\" is the name for a type of cracker eaten by sailors. The bay colt grew up on Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, where he was trained. He was undersized, knobby-kneed, and given to sleeping and eating for long periods. Initially, Seabiscuit was owned by the powerful Wheatley Stable and trained by \"Sunny Jim\" Fitzsimmons, who had taken Gallant Fox to the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing. Fitzsimmons saw some potential in Seabiscuit but felt the horse was too lazy. Fitzsimmons devoted most of his time to training Omaha, who won the 1935 Triple Crown. Seabiscuit was relegated to a heavy schedule of smaller races. He failed to win his first 17 races, usually finishing back in the field. After that, Fitzsimmons did not spend much time on him, and the horse was sometimes the butt of stable jokes. Seabiscuit began to gain attention after winning two races at Narragansett Park and setting a new track record in the second - a Claiming Stakes race. As a two-year-old, Seabiscuit raced 35 times (a heavy racing schedule), coming in first five times and finishing second seven times. These included three claiming races, in which he could have been purchased for $2500, but he had no takers. While Seabiscuit had not lived up to his racing potential, he was not the poor performer Fitzsimmons had taken him for. His last two wins as a two-year-old came in minor stakes races.", "According to the Eastern Racing Association, Foley secretly worked to acquire a license for Outdoor Amusements, Inc. while Connors demanded that his fellow Eastern Racing Association shareholders sell him their stake in Suffolk Downs or they would not get any favorable racing dates. The racing commission voted to revoke Outdoor Amusements' license due to misleading information in their application, but found that there was not enough evidence to establish a conspiracy between Outdoor Amusements, Connors, and Foley. On June 29, 1936, Seabiscuit won an allowance race at Suffolk Downs. This was the first time trainer Tom Smith saw Seabiscuit race and he would later recommend that Charles S. Howard purchase the horse. Smith and Howard would go on to make Seabiscuit a national hero. Seabiscuit would return to the track in 1937 to race in the Massachusetts Handicap. The race was attended by 40,000 people. Seabiscuit won the race in 1:49, which broke the track record for 1 1/8 miles. The victory was Seabiscuit's seventh consecutive win, a career high. The winner\u2019s purse of $51,780 was the largest of Seabiscuit\u2019s career up to that point and would only be surpassed by his final victory, the 1940 Santa Anita Handicap. In 1938, 60,000 people turned out to watch Seabiscuit defend his MassCap title against War Admiral. However, Seabiscuit was scratched due to an injury minutes before post time. The race was won by Menow. War Admiral finished fourth, breaking his streak of eleven-consecutive victories and marking the only time in his career that he would finish out of the money. On July 15, 1942, Whirlaway succeeded Seabiscuit as the all-time leading money-earner by winning the MassCap. During World War II, the track continued to hold races.", "Sea Sovereign Sea Sovereign was an American Thoroughbred stallion racehorse foaled in 1942, sired by 1930s winner Seabiscuit, for owner Charles Howard. Although Sea Sovereign achieved moderate success as a racehorse, he is most famous for being part of the line sired by Seabiscuit. The fine lines of Sea Sovereign's posture, along with his light-bay coloring, resulted in the horse appearing in the 1949 Shirley Temple film to portray his sire, \"The Story of Seabiscuit\". Sea Sovereign was foaled in 1942, sired by Seabiscuit, who was born on May 23, 1933, in Lexington, Kentucky, and was among the most famous race horses of the century. Both horses were in a line of pedigree descended from Man o' War. Seabiscuit had been mated over one hundred times successfully, though none of his foals turned out to be extraordinary runners. Sea Sovereign's mother was Queen Helen by Light Brigade. One account of Seabiscuit's life is depicted in a Shirley Temple film from 1949 titled \"The Story of Seabiscuit\", though it was Sea Sovereign who portrayed Seabiscuit. The film also included archival racetrack footage which showed the actual Seabiscuit racing in competition. Sea Sovereign was also the great-grandson of Man o' War (who appeared in a separate, 1925 film titled \"Kentucky Pride\"). Sea Sovereign had a very moderate and very brief career as a racehorse. He made eight starts with three firsts and $34,070 in earnings. The most notable win came in the Santa Catalina Handicap in 1945. Very little is known of the subsequent career of Sea Sovereign, and the principal interest in the horse after a moderately successfully racing career appears to be as part of the study of the stud career of Seabiscuit."], "answer": {"text": "As Seabiscuit showed his old surge, Wedding Call and Whichcee faltered, and Pollard drove his horse on, taking \"The Hundred Grander", "answer_start": 915}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of injury did Seabiscuit have?", "answer": {"text": "The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this injury?", "answer": {"text": "Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his return to racing?", "answer": {"text": "By their third comeback race, Seabiscuit was back to his winning ways,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have more injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_303ca31bb8cf4fb58148a4619ad9e551_0_q#5", "question": "What race came next?", "rewrite": "What race came after \"The Hundred Grander\" for Seabiscuit?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By their third comeback race, Seabiscuit was back to his winning ways, running away from the field in the San Antonio Handicap to beat his erstwhile training partner, Kayak II, by two and a half lengths. Under 124 pounds (56 kg), Seabiscuit equalled the track record for a mile and 1/16. One race was left in the season. A week after the San Antonio, Seabiscuit and Kayak II both took the gate for the Santa Anita Handicap and its $121,000 prize. 78,000 paying spectators crammed the racetrack, most backing Seabiscuit. Pollard found his horse blocked almost from the start. Picking his way through the field, Seabiscuit briefly led. As they thundered down the back straight, Seabiscuit became trapped in third place, behind leader Whichcee and Wedding Call on the outside. Trusting in his horse's acceleration, Pollard steered between the leaders and burst into the lead, taking the firm ground just off the rail. As Seabiscuit showed his old surge, Wedding Call and Whichcee faltered, and Pollard drove his horse on, taking \"The Hundred Grander\" by a length and a half from the fast-closing Kayak II. Pandemonium engulfed the course. Neither horse and rider, nor trainer and owner, could get through the sea of well-wishers to the winner's enclosure for some time.", "BIOS boot partition The BIOS boot partition is a partition on a data storage device that GNU GRUB uses on legacy BIOS-based personal computers in order to boot an operating system, when the actual boot device contains a GUID Partition Table (GPT). Such a layout is sometimes referred to as BIOS/ GPT boot. A BIOS boot partition is needed on GPT-partitioned storage devices to hold the second stages of GRUB. On traditional MBR-partitioned devices, the disk sectors immediately following the first are usually unused, as the partitioning scheme does not designate them for any special purpose and partitioning tools avoid them for alignment purposes. On GPT-based devices, the sectors hold the actual partition table, necessitating the use of an extra partition. On MBR-partitioned disks, boot loaders are usually implemented so the portion of their code stored within the MBR, which cannot hold more than 512 bytes, operates as a first stage that serves primarily to load a more sophisticated second stage, which is, for example, capable of reading and loading an operating system kernel from a file system. When used, the BIOS boot partition contains the second stage of the boot loader program, such as the GRUB 2; the first stage is the code that is contained within the Master Boot Record (MBR). Use of this partition is not the only way BIOS-based boot can be performed while using GPT-partitioned hard drives; however, complex boot loaders such as GRUB 2 cannot fit entirely within the confines of the MBR's 398 to 446 bytes of space, thus they need an ancillary storage space. On MBR disks, such boot loaders typically use the sectors immediately following the MBR for this storage; that space is usually known as the \"MBR gap\".", "codice_8 in the CPU's real mode. Systems with Plug-and-Play BIOS or BBS support will provide a pointer to PnP data in addition to DL: By convention, a standard conformant MBR passes execution to a successfully loaded VBR, loaded at memory location codice_7: codice_8, by jumping to codice_7:codice_8 in the CPU's real mode with the following registers maintained or specifically set up: The MBR code passes additional information to the VBR in many implementations:  Under DR-DOS 7.07 an extended interface may be optionally provided by the extended MBR and in conjunction with LOADER: In conjunction with GPT, an \"Enhanced Disk Drive Specification\" (EDD) 4 Hybrid MBR proposal recommends another extension to the interface:  Though it is possible to manipulate the bytes in the MBR sector directly using various disk editors, there are tools to write fixed sets of functioning code to the MBR. Since MS-DOS 5.0, the program codice_1 has included the switch codice_109, which will rewrite the MBR code. Under Windows 2000 and Windows XP, the Recovery Console can be used to write new MBR code to a storage device using its codice_110 command. Under Windows Vista and Windows 7, the Recovery Environment can be used to write new MBR code using the codice_111 command. Some third-party utilities may also be used for directly editing the contents of partition tables (without requiring any knowledge of hexadecimal or disk/sector editors), such as MBRWizard. codice_112 is also a commonly used POSIX command to read or write to any location on a storage device, MBR included. In Linux, ms-sys may be used to install a Windows MBR.", "The PC/XT (type 5160) used an Intel 8088 microprocessor. In order to remain compatible, all x86 architecture systems start with the microprocessor in an operating mode referred to as real mode. The BIOS reads the MBR from the storage device into physical memory, and then it directs the microprocessor to the start of the boot code. Since the BIOS runs in real mode, the processor is in real mode when the MBR program begins to execute, and so the beginning of the MBR is expected to contain real-mode machine code. Since the BIOS bootstrap routine loads and runs exactly one sector from the physical disk, having the partition table in the MBR with the boot code simplifies the design of the MBR program. It contains a small program that loads the Volume Boot Record (VBR) of the targeted partition. Control is then passed to this code, which is responsible for loading the actual operating system. This process is known as chain loading. Popular MBR code programs were created for booting PC DOS and MS-DOS, and similar boot code remains in wide use. These boot sectors expect the codice_2 partition table scheme to be in use and scans the list of partitions in the MBR's embedded partition table to find the only one that is marked with the \"active flag\". It then loads and runs the volume boot record (VBR) of the active partition. There are alternative boot code implementations, some of which are installed by boot managers, which operate in a variety of ways. Some MBR code loads additional code for a boot manager from the first track of the disk, which it assumes to be \"free\" space that is not allocated to any disk partition, and executes it.", "Master boot record A master boot record (MBR) is a special type of boot sector at the very beginning of partitioned computer mass storage devices like fixed disks or removable drives intended for use with IBM PC-compatible systems and beyond. The concept of MBRs was publicly introduced in 1983 with PC DOS 2.0. The MBR holds the information on how the logical partitions, containing file systems, are organized on that medium. The MBR also contains executable code to function as a loader for the installed operating system\u2014usually by passing control over to the loader's second stage, or in conjunction with each partition's volume boot record (VBR). This MBR code is usually referred to as a boot loader. The organization of the partition table in the MBR limits the maximum addressable storage space of a disk to 2 TiB ( 2 \u00d7 512 bytes). Approaches to slightly raise this limit assuming 33-bit arithmetics or 4096-byte sectors are not officially supported, as they fatally break compatibility with existing boot loaders and most MBR-compliant operating systems and system tools, and can cause serious data corruption when used outside of narrowly controlled system environments. Therefore, the MBR-based partitioning scheme is in the process of being superseded by the GUID Partition Table (GPT) scheme in new computers. A GPT can coexist with an MBR in order to provide some limited form of backward compatibility for older systems. MBRs are not present on non-partitioned media such as floppies, superfloppies or other storage devices configured to behave as such."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of injury did Seabiscuit have?", "answer": {"text": "The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg.", "answer_start": 198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was this injury?", "answer": {"text": "Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was his return to racing?", "answer": {"text": "By their third comeback race, Seabiscuit was back to his winning ways,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have more injuries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other interesting information?", "answer": {"text": "As Seabiscuit showed his old surge, Wedding Call and Whichcee faltered, and Pollard drove his horse on, taking \"The Hundred Grander", "answer_start": 915, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_96506471c6054108a39a1b6de6cd0ed9_1_q#0", "question": "What Role did Audra McDonald play at Lady Day?", "rewrite": "What Role did Audra McDonald play at Lady Day?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The cast included George Hearn (a last-minute substitute for Bryn Terfel), Patti LuPone, Neil Patrick Harris, Davis Gaines, John Aler, Paul Plishka, Heidi Grant Murphy, Stanford Olsen and Audra McDonald. This concert also played in San Francisco, from July 19, 2001 to July 21, with the San Francisco Symphony. Hearn and LuPone were joined once again by Harris, Aler, and Olsen as well as new additions Victoria Clark, Lisa Vroman and Timothy Nolen. This production was taped for PBS broadcast. The same production played at the Ravinia Festival in Chicago on August 24, 2001, with most of the cast from the preceding concerts, except for Plishka and Clark, who were replaced by Sherrill Milnes and Hollis Resnik. In 2014, Price directed a new concert production, returning to Avery Fisher Hall with the New York Philharmonic on March 5\u20138 with Bryn Terfel as Todd, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Lovett, Philip Quast as Judge Turpin, Jeff Blumenkrantz as The Beadle, Christian Borle as Pirelli, Kyle Brenn as Tobias, Jay Armstrong Johnson as Anthony, Erin Mackey as Johanna and Audra McDonald and Bryonha Marie Parham sharing the role of The Beggar Woman. McDonald was not announced as the Beggar Woman: she was a surprise, her name only being revealed at the time of the first performance. On the Saturday performances, Bryonha Marie Parham played the role of the Beggar Woman, while McDonald played it at the other performances. The concert was again filmed for broadcast on PBS as part of their Live from Lincoln Center series and was first aired on September 26, 2014. This production transferred to London Coliseum Theatre for 13 performances from March 30 through April 12, 2015.", "Private Practice (season 5) The fifth season of \"Private Practice\" premiered on September 29, 2011. It was announced on February 9, 2011 that Audra McDonald, who plays the character Naomi Bennett, will not return as a regular cast member in the fifth season, however she may return as a guest star or a recurring character. Following the departure of Audra McDonald, it was announced on March 20, 2011 that actor Benjamin Bratt will be added to the series as a regular cast member for the fifth season. The details of his character were released on August 7, as he is set to play Jake Reilly, an accomplished fertility specialist that is knowledgeable in cutting-edge technology and procedures. Later in the season, Cooper Freedman was revealed to have had an 8 year old son from a previous one-night stand. Son Mason is portrayed by child actor Griffin Gluck. While Gluck initially served as a guest star, he was promoted to series regular later on in the season. Gluck is notable for being the first child to be a series regular in \"Private Practice\" or in the original series \"Grey's Anatomy\". Following the renewal of \"Private Practice\", it was announced that Benjamin Bratt would be returning to the show as a series regular, and his character was reviewed to be named, Jake Reilly. It was also announced that Audra McDonald would not be returning as a series regular, but instead could possible return as a recurring cast member. All of the regular cast including, Kate Walsh, Tim Daly, Paul Adelstein, KaDee Strickland, Brian Benben, Caterina Scorsone, Taye Diggs, and Amy Brenneman all returned in their roles as series regulars.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director.", "Music and lyrics were by Judd Woldin and Robert Brittan. The cast included Joe Morton (Walter Lee), Virginia Capers (Momma), Ernestine Jackson (Ruth), Debbie Allen (Beneatha) and Ralph Carter (Travis, the Youngers' young son). The show won the Tony Award for Best musical. In 1989 the play was adapted into a TV film for PBS' \"American Playhouse\" series, starring Danny Glover (Walter Lee) and Esther Rolle (Mama), with Kim Yancey (Beneatha), Starletta DuPois (Ruth), and John Fiedler (Karl Lindner). This production received three Emmy Award nominations, but all were for technical categories. Bill Duke directed the production, while Chiz Schultz produced. This production was based on an off-Broadway revival produced by the Roundabout Theatre. On 3 March 1996 the BBC broadcast a production of the play by director/producer Claire Grove, with the following cast: A revival ran on Broadway at the Royale Theatre from April 26, 2004, to July 11, 2004 at the Royale Theatre with the following cast: The director was Kenny Leon with David Binder and Vivek Tiwary producers. The play won two 2004 Tony Awards: Best Actress in a Play (Phylicia Rashad) and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Audra McDonald), and was nominated for Best Revival of a Play and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Sanaa Lathan). In 2008, Sean Combs, Phylicia Rashad and Audra McDonald starred in a television film directed by Kenny Leon. The film debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008. McDonald received an Emmy nomination for her portrayal of Ruth."], "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_96506471c6054108a39a1b6de6cd0ed9_1_q#1", "question": "Did she have to audition for the role?", "rewrite": "Did Audra McDonald have to audition for the role?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director.", "Private Practice (season 5) The fifth season of \"Private Practice\" premiered on September 29, 2011. It was announced on February 9, 2011 that Audra McDonald, who plays the character Naomi Bennett, will not return as a regular cast member in the fifth season, however she may return as a guest star or a recurring character. Following the departure of Audra McDonald, it was announced on March 20, 2011 that actor Benjamin Bratt will be added to the series as a regular cast member for the fifth season. The details of his character were released on August 7, as he is set to play Jake Reilly, an accomplished fertility specialist that is knowledgeable in cutting-edge technology and procedures. Later in the season, Cooper Freedman was revealed to have had an 8 year old son from a previous one-night stand. Son Mason is portrayed by child actor Griffin Gluck. While Gluck initially served as a guest star, he was promoted to series regular later on in the season. Gluck is notable for being the first child to be a series regular in \"Private Practice\" or in the original series \"Grey's Anatomy\". Following the renewal of \"Private Practice\", it was announced that Benjamin Bratt would be returning to the show as a series regular, and his character was reviewed to be named, Jake Reilly. It was also announced that Audra McDonald would not be returning as a series regular, but instead could possible return as a recurring cast member. All of the regular cast including, Kate Walsh, Tim Daly, Paul Adelstein, KaDee Strickland, Brian Benben, Caterina Scorsone, Taye Diggs, and Amy Brenneman all returned in their roles as series regulars.", "He played the role of Berger again in the West End revival of \"Hair\" which began performances on April 1, 2010, and ended his limited engagement on May 29, 2010. Audra McDonald and Swenson reprised their roles in a two-week fundraising production of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Hale Center Theater in Orem, Utah. On October 8, 2009, Swenson appeared as in the guest cameo slot for the extension performance of Katie Thompson's \"R.R.R.E.D.: A Secret Musical\", as part of the 2009 New York Musical Theatre Festival. In 2010, Swenson played the lead role of \"Tick\"/\"Mitzi\" in the pre-Broadway North American company of \"\" in Toronto, Canada. In October 2013, Swenson was cast as Inspector Javert in the 2014 Broadway revival of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\", which opened in March 2014 at New York's Imperial Theatre, where the musical had previously run for 13 years. In 2018, Swenson played Satan in the New Group's off-Broadway production of \".\" Swenson met his first wife Amy (n\u00e9e Westerby) while they were both in one of his grandmother's comedies, \"Hopsville Holiday\". The couple have two sons, Bridger and Sawyer, but have since divorced. Swenson and actress Audra McDonald became engaged in January 2012 and were married on October 6, 2012. In October 2016, McDonald and Swenson welcomed their first child, Sally.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "The cast included George Hearn (a last-minute substitute for Bryn Terfel), Patti LuPone, Neil Patrick Harris, Davis Gaines, John Aler, Paul Plishka, Heidi Grant Murphy, Stanford Olsen and Audra McDonald. This concert also played in San Francisco, from July 19, 2001 to July 21, with the San Francisco Symphony. Hearn and LuPone were joined once again by Harris, Aler, and Olsen as well as new additions Victoria Clark, Lisa Vroman and Timothy Nolen. This production was taped for PBS broadcast. The same production played at the Ravinia Festival in Chicago on August 24, 2001, with most of the cast from the preceding concerts, except for Plishka and Clark, who were replaced by Sherrill Milnes and Hollis Resnik. In 2014, Price directed a new concert production, returning to Avery Fisher Hall with the New York Philharmonic on March 5\u20138 with Bryn Terfel as Todd, Emma Thompson as Mrs. Lovett, Philip Quast as Judge Turpin, Jeff Blumenkrantz as The Beadle, Christian Borle as Pirelli, Kyle Brenn as Tobias, Jay Armstrong Johnson as Anthony, Erin Mackey as Johanna and Audra McDonald and Bryonha Marie Parham sharing the role of The Beggar Woman. McDonald was not announced as the Beggar Woman: she was a surprise, her name only being revealed at the time of the first performance. On the Saturday performances, Bryonha Marie Parham played the role of the Beggar Woman, while McDonald played it at the other performances. The concert was again filmed for broadcast on PBS as part of their Live from Lincoln Center series and was first aired on September 26, 2014. This production transferred to London Coliseum Theatre for 13 performances from March 30 through April 12, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What Role did Audra McDonald play at Lady Day?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96506471c6054108a39a1b6de6cd0ed9_1_q#2", "question": "Who else was in the play with her?", "rewrite": "Together with Audra McDonald who else was in the play with Audra?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Private Practice (season 5) The fifth season of \"Private Practice\" premiered on September 29, 2011. It was announced on February 9, 2011 that Audra McDonald, who plays the character Naomi Bennett, will not return as a regular cast member in the fifth season, however she may return as a guest star or a recurring character. Following the departure of Audra McDonald, it was announced on March 20, 2011 that actor Benjamin Bratt will be added to the series as a regular cast member for the fifth season. The details of his character were released on August 7, as he is set to play Jake Reilly, an accomplished fertility specialist that is knowledgeable in cutting-edge technology and procedures. Later in the season, Cooper Freedman was revealed to have had an 8 year old son from a previous one-night stand. Son Mason is portrayed by child actor Griffin Gluck. While Gluck initially served as a guest star, he was promoted to series regular later on in the season. Gluck is notable for being the first child to be a series regular in \"Private Practice\" or in the original series \"Grey's Anatomy\". Following the renewal of \"Private Practice\", it was announced that Benjamin Bratt would be returning to the show as a series regular, and his character was reviewed to be named, Jake Reilly. It was also announced that Audra McDonald would not be returning as a series regular, but instead could possible return as a recurring cast member. All of the regular cast including, Kate Walsh, Tim Daly, Paul Adelstein, KaDee Strickland, Brian Benben, Caterina Scorsone, Taye Diggs, and Amy Brenneman all returned in their roles as series regulars.", "Music and lyrics were by Judd Woldin and Robert Brittan. The cast included Joe Morton (Walter Lee), Virginia Capers (Momma), Ernestine Jackson (Ruth), Debbie Allen (Beneatha) and Ralph Carter (Travis, the Youngers' young son). The show won the Tony Award for Best musical. In 1989 the play was adapted into a TV film for PBS' \"American Playhouse\" series, starring Danny Glover (Walter Lee) and Esther Rolle (Mama), with Kim Yancey (Beneatha), Starletta DuPois (Ruth), and John Fiedler (Karl Lindner). This production received three Emmy Award nominations, but all were for technical categories. Bill Duke directed the production, while Chiz Schultz produced. This production was based on an off-Broadway revival produced by the Roundabout Theatre. On 3 March 1996 the BBC broadcast a production of the play by director/producer Claire Grove, with the following cast: A revival ran on Broadway at the Royale Theatre from April 26, 2004, to July 11, 2004 at the Royale Theatre with the following cast: The director was Kenny Leon with David Binder and Vivek Tiwary producers. The play won two 2004 Tony Awards: Best Actress in a Play (Phylicia Rashad) and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Audra McDonald), and was nominated for Best Revival of a Play and Best Featured Actress in a Play (Sanaa Lathan). In 2008, Sean Combs, Phylicia Rashad and Audra McDonald starred in a television film directed by Kenny Leon. The film debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008. McDonald received an Emmy nomination for her portrayal of Ruth.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "Master Class Master Class is a 1995 play by American playwright Terrence McNally, presented as a fictional master class by opera singer Maria Callas near the end of her life, in the 1970s. As such, the play features incidental vocal music by Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini, and Vincenzo Bellini. The play opened on Broadway in 1995, with stars Zoe Caldwell and Audra McDonald winning Tony Awards. The opera diva Maria Callas, a glamorous, commanding, larger-than-life, caustic, and surprisingly funny pedagogue is holding a singing master class. Alternately dismayed and impressed by the students who parade before her, she retreats into recollections about the glories of her own life and career. Included in her musings are her younger years as an ugly duckling, her fierce hatred of her rivals, the unforgiving press that savaged her early performances, her triumphs at La Scala, and her relationship with Aristotle Onassis. It culminates in a monologue about sacrifice taken in the name of art. The play originally was staged by the Philadelphia Theatre Company in March 1995, the Mark Taper Forum and the Kennedy Center. The play premiered on Broadway at the John Golden Theatre on November 15, 1995 and closed on June 29, 1997 after 598 performances and twelve previews. Directed by Leonard Foglia, the original cast featured Zoe Caldwell (as Callas), Audra McDonald (as Sharon), Karen Kay Cody, David Loud, Jay Hunter Morris, and Michael Friel. Patti LuPone (from July 1996) and Dixie Carter (from January 1997) subsequently replaced Caldwell as Callas, Matthew Walley replaced Morris and Alaine Rodin replaced McDonald later in the run.", "Audra the Rapper Audra The Rapper is an American rapper, songwriter, and television personality. She is a cast member on the third season of Oxygen Network's hit series 'Sisterhood of Hiphop' executive produced by T.I. Audra started writing music at the age of six years old and recording herself at age thirteen in her mother's closet. She released her first mixtape, Sweet and Sour Vol. I at age 16 and sold it at local malls and car washes. Audra has released 5 studio projects including her most recent, 'Anti Love Songs' which she released under her own label alongside Sony Music's RED Distribution. Audra was born in Washington, DC and raised in Richmond, Virginia by her single-mother and grandmother. Audra has said music was a great inspiration to her, especially when it comes to Jazz and RnB. Listening to her grandmother spin Anita Baker, Louis Armstrong and Ella Fitzgerald made singing an early priority for her. Audra was raised in the church and joined the choir at age 5 and was leading solos by age 6. Audra says she was 6 years old when she got her first CD, Brandy Norwood's (aka Brandy) self-titled debut album and it fixed her attention on having a music career. Audra has stated that her major musical influences are Lauryn Hill, The Diplomats, Kanye West, and Floetry. In the summer of 2009, Audra The Rapper and Rick Ross crossed paths when by chance they were both at iPower 92.1 radio station in Audra's hometown of Richmond, VA. The two met a second time in October 2010 at a university homecoming concert in Richmond where Audra opened for Ross and her performance lead Ross to endorse, mentor, and co-sign her. Audra"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What Role did Audra McDonald play at Lady Day?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have to audition for the role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96506471c6054108a39a1b6de6cd0ed9_1_q#3", "question": "Was Billie Holiday the Lead Role in the play?", "rewrite": "Was Billie Holiday the Lead Role in the play at Lady Day?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill is a play with music by Lanie Robertson, recounting some events in the life of Billie Holiday. The play originally premiered in 1986 at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, and soon played Off-Broadway. The play opened on Broadway in 2014. \"Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill\" premiered at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia, on April 16, 1986, with direction by Woodie King Jr. and Reenie Upchurch as Billie Holiday. The play was next produced Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre on June 5, 1986, and then opened in a Vineyard Theatre production at the Westside Theatre on September 7, 1986. This production closed on May 17, 1987 after 281 performances. Directed by Andre Ernotte, Lonette McKee starred as Holiday. In February 1987 S. Epatha Merkerson took over the role of Billie Holiday. The play won the 1987 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Book (Robertson). The Hollywood Playhouse (in California) produced \"Lady Day\" in October 1987, directed by Andre Ernotte, and with S. Epatha Merkerson reprising her role as Holiday. Ernotte said that he wanted to \"deglamorize Billie: show the dark, sad side. So it's not so much a nightclub act as a theater play with music.\" He also noted that Merkerson brought another aspect to the role as an actress rather than as a singer. The play was presented at the Long Wharf Theatre, New Haven, Connecticut in November 2005, with Ernestine Jackson as Billie Holiday. The play opened on Broadway at Circle in the Square on April 13, 2014.", "Last Recording Last Recording, originally titled \"Billie Holiday\" before her death, is the last album of Billie Holiday released in 1959, five years after the original album titled \"Billie Holiday\" was released. After the success of her album, \"Lady in Satin\" (1958), Billie Holiday wanted to record another album with arranger Ray Ellis. Ellis had switched from Columbia to MGM, so Billie switched labels also to avoid breaching her contract with Columbia. When she returned to the studio in March 1959, jazz critic and friend of Holiday's Leonard Feather, said Holiday \"walked into the studio statuesque and sharp as ever.\" Unlike \"Lady in Satin\", \"Billie Holiday\" had a lighter string orchestra, minus the choir, and more horns, including a saxophone and a more jazz like feeling. It also demand less fanfare. Songs like \"All of You\", \"' Deed I Do\", and \"Baby Won't You Please Come Home \" have a lighter and happier tempo and do not include strings. Holiday told Ellis she wanted to \u201csound like Sinatra\u201d on this album; but she was in such poor health from years of difficulty and substance abuse that a nurse sometimes had to help keep her propped up on a high stool as she sang. During the time of recording \"Billie Holiday\", Holiday's health was taking its toll. Some say that she did not look like herself at all, and looked like a ghost of what she once was. In the song \"There'll Be Some Changes Made\", Holiday replaces the name Jack Benny in the lyric \"\"Even Jack Benny has been changin' his jokes\"\" to Frank Sinatra, her jazz friend. The album was completed on March 11, 1959. Four days later, Billie Holiday's lifelong friend and music partner Lester Young died on March 15, 1959.", "Gardenias for Lady Day Gardenias for Lady Day is the eighth album by saxophonist James Carter featuring tracks associated with Billie Holiday which was released on the Columbia label in 2003. The \"Allmusic\" review by Matt Collar says, \"This is a beautiful album that revels as much in classic melody as it does in Carter's most torrid saxophone \"skronk.\" ... Continuing to display a unique and singular vision, Carter has crafted a fittingly urbane, elegant, and unnerving album that celebrates both Holiday's haunting spirituality and earthy sexuality\". In \"JazzTimes\" Nate Chinen wrote, \"Painstakingly but not excessively produced, it has enormous commercial potential-yet never panders or beseeches. The disc satisfies Carter's aptitude for repertory, his gift for personal interpretation, his saxophone obsession, his historical ken and even his devotion to the art of surprise. In doing so, it presents a musical vision of laserlike focus, suggesting a new threshold of maturity for Carter, whose talents and insights have always been well ahead of his years\". On \"All About Jazz\" Jim Santella noted, \"Carter's tribute to the memory of Billie Holiday weaves lyrical melodies around his own trademark enthusiasm. His desire to build upon what our jazz ancestors laid down for us has matured. Instead of far-out creations that few could understand and that many would bicker with, the 34-year-old saxophone sensation serves up an accessible program that reaches, nevertheless, into the 21st century. Stereo saxophones and deep-throated clarinets surround themes that recall the uniqueness of Lady Day. Her deep, inner strengths, her don\u2019t-quit attitude, and her remarkable perseverance all show up in the musical arrangements that James Carter has adopted for his debut on Columbia\".", "In My Solitude: The Billie Holiday Songbook In My Solitude: The Billie Holiday Songbook is a 1994 jazz album by American trumpeter Terence Blanchard and vocalist Jeanie Bryson, released on the Columbia label. Terence Blanchard plays soothing, appealing ballads, uptempo tunes and wonderful melodies on muted and open horn, cleanly and fully hitting high and low notes, while executing mellow or intense statements smoothly and with flair. His guest vocalist Jeanie Bryson singing immortal compositions previously made anthems by legend Billie Holiday. Scott Yanow of Allmusic stated \"Trumpeter Terence Blanchard's tribute to Billie Holiday is a rather melancholy and often downbeat affair. Sounding less original than usual (he displays a strong Wynton Marsalis influence and also hints at times at both Miles Davis and Thad Jones), there is little joy to these renditions of Lady Day material other than the second half of \"I Cried for You. \" The trumpeter's arrangements for the unswinging string section is occasionally oppressive, sometimes border on muzak and tends to weigh down the music.\" Zan Stewart of \"The Los Angeles Times\" added \"... Blanchard will explore an earlier era on \" In My Solitude: The Billie Holiday Songbook\" (Columbia), his fat, sassy trumpet tone accompanied by a string section\".", "Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933\u20131944 Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933\u20131944 is a box set ten-disc compilation of the complete known studio master recordings, plus alternate takes, of Billie Holiday during the time period indicated, released in 2001 on Columbia/Legacy, CXK 85470. Designed like an album of 78s, the medium in which these recordings initially appeared, the 10.5\" \u00d7 12\" box includes 230 tracks, a 116-page booklet with extensive photos, a song list, discography, essays by Michael Brooks, Gary Giddins, and Farah Jasmine Griffin, and an insert of appreciations for Holiday from a diversity of figures including Tony Bennett, Elvis Costello, Marianne Faithfull, B.B. King, Abbey Lincoln, Jill Scott, and Lucinda Williams. At the 44th Grammy Awards on February 27, 2002, the box set won the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album of the previous year. These recordings were made in a time before the LP album, introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. Starting at approximately the turn of the 19th century into the 20th, recorded music arrived on the market in the form of a ten-inch gramophone record that played at 78 revolutions per minute, two songs of generally no more than four minutes duration per side. The advent of radio increased demand for recorded music played in the home through the 1920s. However, during the Great Depression, home record sales decreased dramatically, but a relatively viable market still existed for the inexpensive play of records in jukeboxes, which had proliferated during the 1920s and 1930s. Initially, these records featuring Billie Holiday were made with that market in mind. John Hammond, who had discovered Holiday singing in a Harlem jazz club in 1933, arranged for her first recording session that same year on November 27."], "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What Role did Audra McDonald play at Lady Day?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have to audition for the role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the play with her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96506471c6054108a39a1b6de6cd0ed9_1_q#4", "question": "How long did she play this part?", "rewrite": "How long did Audra McDonald played Billie Holiday in Lady Day?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933\u20131944 Lady Day: The Complete Billie Holiday on Columbia 1933\u20131944 is a box set ten-disc compilation of the complete known studio master recordings, plus alternate takes, of Billie Holiday during the time period indicated, released in 2001 on Columbia/Legacy, CXK 85470. Designed like an album of 78s, the medium in which these recordings initially appeared, the 10.5\" \u00d7 12\" box includes 230 tracks, a 116-page booklet with extensive photos, a song list, discography, essays by Michael Brooks, Gary Giddins, and Farah Jasmine Griffin, and an insert of appreciations for Holiday from a diversity of figures including Tony Bennett, Elvis Costello, Marianne Faithfull, B.B. King, Abbey Lincoln, Jill Scott, and Lucinda Williams. At the 44th Grammy Awards on February 27, 2002, the box set won the Grammy Award for Best Historical Album of the previous year. These recordings were made in a time before the LP album, introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. Starting at approximately the turn of the 19th century into the 20th, recorded music arrived on the market in the form of a ten-inch gramophone record that played at 78 revolutions per minute, two songs of generally no more than four minutes duration per side. The advent of radio increased demand for recorded music played in the home through the 1920s. However, during the Great Depression, home record sales decreased dramatically, but a relatively viable market still existed for the inexpensive play of records in jukeboxes, which had proliferated during the 1920s and 1930s. Initially, these records featuring Billie Holiday were made with that market in mind. John Hammond, who had discovered Holiday singing in a Harlem jazz club in 1933, arranged for her first recording session that same year on November 27.", "Directed by Lonny Price, the production starred Audra McDonald as Billie Holiday and featured Shelton Becton as pianist Jimmy Powers. The sets are by James Noone, costumes by Esosa, lighting by Robert Wierzel and sound by Steve Canyon Kennedy. The play was originally scheduled for a limited 10-week engagement, but was extended several times until it finally closed on October 5, 2014. Audra McDonald won her record-breaking sixth Tony Award for the production, and she became the only person to win in all four acting categories, this time winning for Best Actress in a Play. The play also won for Best Sound Design of a Play. The 2014 Broadway production was filmed at the Cafe Brasil in New Orleans and broadcast on HBO on March 12, 2016. Audra McDonald received a 2016 Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her role in the broadcast. McDonald was expected to reprise her role in the West End at the Wyndham's Theatre, from June 15 through September 3, 2016. She was to take a 3-month break from her role on Broadway in \"Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed\". However, in a change announced on May 10, 2016, \"Lady Day\" was postponed because McDonald and her husband Will Swenson were expecting a baby. She said, in part: \" Of course, I\u2019m disappointed I have to postpone my West End debut in Lady Day, but I look forward to rescheduling as soon as possible.\u201d The play takes place in South Philadelphia in March 1959. Billie Holiday is performing in a run-down bar, during one of her last performances before her death in July 1959. She sings, accompanied by Jimmy Powers on the piano, and also tells stories about her life.", "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill is a play with music by Lanie Robertson, recounting some events in the life of Billie Holiday. The play originally premiered in 1986 at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, and soon played Off-Broadway. The play opened on Broadway in 2014. \"Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill\" premiered at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia, on April 16, 1986, with direction by Woodie King Jr. and Reenie Upchurch as Billie Holiday. The play was next produced Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre on June 5, 1986, and then opened in a Vineyard Theatre production at the Westside Theatre on September 7, 1986. This production closed on May 17, 1987 after 281 performances. Directed by Andre Ernotte, Lonette McKee starred as Holiday. In February 1987 S. Epatha Merkerson took over the role of Billie Holiday. The play won the 1987 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Book (Robertson). The Hollywood Playhouse (in California) produced \"Lady Day\" in October 1987, directed by Andre Ernotte, and with S. Epatha Merkerson reprising her role as Holiday. Ernotte said that he wanted to \"deglamorize Billie: show the dark, sad side. So it's not so much a nightclub act as a theater play with music.\" He also noted that Merkerson brought another aspect to the role as an actress rather than as a singer. The play was presented at the Long Wharf Theatre, New Haven, Connecticut in November 2005, with Ernestine Jackson as Billie Holiday. The play opened on Broadway at Circle in the Square on April 13, 2014.", "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014. After previews that began on March 25, 2014, the play opened at the Circle in the Square Theatre on April 13, 2014. Of the play, McDonald said in an interview:  It's about a woman trying to get through a concert performance, which I know something about, and she's doing it at a time when her liver was pickled and she was still doing heroin regularly...I might have been a little judgmental about Billie Holiday early on in my life, but what I've come to admire most about her - and what is fascinating in this show - is that there is never any self-pity. She's almost laughing at how horrible her life has been. I don't think she sees herself as a victim. And she feels an incredible connection to her music - she can't sing a song if she doesn't have some emotional connection to it, which I really understand. McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role, making her the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories. In her acceptance speech, \"she thanked her parents for encouraging her to pursue her interests as a child.\" She also thanked the \"strong and brave and courageous\" African-American women who came before her, saying in part, \"I am standing on Lena Horne's shoulders. I am standing on Maya Angelou's shoulders. I am standing on Diahann Carroll and Ruby Dee, and most of all, Billie Holiday. You deserved so much more than you were given when you were on this planet.", "\"Anyone Can Whistle\", \"Passion\", and \"Annie Get Your Gun\". Frequent collaborators for his productions include performers Patti LuPone, Audra McDonald, Michael Cerveris, and George Hearn, and musical director and conductor Paul Gemignani. In 2000, Price co-wrote (with Linda Kline), directed, and starred in \"A Class Act\", based on the life and career of composer-lyricist Edward Kleban, whose sole Broadway credit was \"A Chorus Line\". The score consisted of songs Kleban had written for other shows that remained unproduced. After a two-month run at the Manhattan Theatre Club, it transferred to the Ambassador Theatre, where it fared less successfully and closed after three months. It earned Price his sole Tony Award nomination to date, for Best Book of a Musical. The show was also nominated for four other Tony Awards, including Best Musical. He directed a Broadway revival of \"110 in the Shade\" at the Roundabout Theatre Company in 2007, starring Audra McDonald. The play was nominated for the 2007 Tony Award, Best Revival of a Musicaal (among others). He directed the 2014 Broadway production of Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill starring McDonald, who won her historic sixth Tony Award for her performance as Billie Holiday. He would subsequently stage the production in 2017 on the West End in London, again starring McDonald, as well as the HBO special. In 2016, he directed the acclaimed London revival of \"Sunset Boulevard\" starring Glenn Close, which transferred to Broadway and played a limited run in 2017. Price served as Associate Artistic Director for the American Jewish Theatre from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s. He was resident director at Musical Theatre Works, a non-profit theatre dedicated solely to the development of new musicals until 2002, when he became resident director."], "answer": {"text": "ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 120}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What Role did Audra McDonald play at Lady Day?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have to audition for the role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the play with her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Billie Holiday the Lead Role in the play?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_96506471c6054108a39a1b6de6cd0ed9_1_q#5", "question": "How long did the play last before ending in 2014?", "rewrite": "How long did the play Lady Day last before ending in 2014?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Frohman had been pursuing J. M. Barrie (the future author of \"Peter Pan\") to adapt the author's popular book \"The Little Minister\" into a play, but Barrie had resisted because he felt there was no actress who could play Lady Babbie. On a trip to New York in 1896, Barrie attended a performance of \"Rosemary\" and at once decided that Adams was the actress to play Lady Babbie. Frohman worried that the masculine aspects of the book might overshadow Adams's role. With Barrie's consent, several key scenes were changed to favor Lady Babbie. The play opened in 1897 at the Empire Theatre and was a tremendous success, running for 300 performances in New York (289 of which were standing room only) and setting a new all time box office record of $370,000; it made Adams a star. It also toured successfully, running for 65 performances in Boston. Another play by Barrie, \"Peter Pan; or, The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up\" (1904), became the role with which Adams was most closely identified. She was the first actress to play Peter Pan on Broadway. Only days after her casting was announced, Adams had an emergency appendectomy, and it was uncertain whether her health would allow her to assume the role as planned. \" Peter Pan\" opened on October 16, 1905 at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C. to little success. It soon moved to Broadway, however, where the play had a long run, and Adams appeared in the role on Broadway several times over the following decade. The collar of her 1905 Peter Pan costume, which she had co-designed, was an immediate fashion success and was henceforth known as the \"Peter Pan collar\".", "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014. After previews that began on March 25, 2014, the play opened at the Circle in the Square Theatre on April 13, 2014. Of the play, McDonald said in an interview:  It's about a woman trying to get through a concert performance, which I know something about, and she's doing it at a time when her liver was pickled and she was still doing heroin regularly...I might have been a little judgmental about Billie Holiday early on in my life, but what I've come to admire most about her - and what is fascinating in this show - is that there is never any self-pity. She's almost laughing at how horrible her life has been. I don't think she sees herself as a victim. And she feels an incredible connection to her music - she can't sing a song if she doesn't have some emotional connection to it, which I really understand. McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role, making her the first person to earn six Tony Award wins for acting (not counting honorary awards) and the first person to win a Tony Award in all four acting categories. In her acceptance speech, \"she thanked her parents for encouraging her to pursue her interests as a child.\" She also thanked the \"strong and brave and courageous\" African-American women who came before her, saying in part, \"I am standing on Lena Horne's shoulders. I am standing on Maya Angelou's shoulders. I am standing on Diahann Carroll and Ruby Dee, and most of all, Billie Holiday. You deserved so much more than you were given when you were on this planet.", "The Julian lagged 11 days behind the Gregorian, and hence 25 March (\"Old Lady Day\") became 6 April (\"New Lady Day\"), which assumed the role of fiscal and contractual year-beginning. (The date is significant in some of the works of Thomas Hardy, such as \"Tess of the d'Urbervilles\" and \"Far from the Madding Crowd\", and is discussed in his 1884 essay The Dorset Farm Labourer). The logic of using Lady Day as the start of the year is that it roughly coincides with Equinox (when the length of day and night is equal); many ancient cultures still use this time as the start of the new year, for example, the Iranian new year and the original Hebrew new year. In some traditions it also reckons years AD from the moment of the Annunciation, which is considered to take place at the moment of the conception of Jesus at the Annunciation rather than at the moment of his birth at Christmas. In Ireland, however, Lady's Day means 15 August, the Feast of the Assumption of Mary, and is a day when fairs are celebrated in many country towns.", "In Orthodox Christianity, because it announces the incarnation of Christ, it is counted as one of the 8 great feasts of the Lord, and not among the 4 great Marian feasts, although some prominent aspects of its liturgical observance are Marian. Two examples in liturgical Christianity of the importance attached to the Annunciation are the Angelus prayer, and especially in Roman Catholicism, the event's position as the first Joyful Mystery of the Dominican Rosary. In England, Lady Day was New Year's Day from 1155 until 1752, when the Gregorian calendar was adopted and with it the first of January as the official start of the year. A vestige of this remains in the United Kingdom's tax year, which starts on 6 April, or \"New Lady Day\", i.e., Lady Day adjusted for the 11 \"lost days\" of the calendar change. Until this change Lady Day had been used as the start of the legal year. This should be distinguished from the liturgical and historical year. It appears that in England and Wales, from at least the late 14th century, New Year's Day was celebrated on 1 January as part of Yule. As a year-end and quarter day that conveniently did not fall within or between the seasons for ploughing and harvesting, Lady Day was a traditional day on which year-long contracts between landowners and tenant farmers would begin and end in England and nearby lands (although there were regional variations). Farmers' time of \"entry\" into new farms and onto new fields was often this day. As a result, farming families who were changing farms would travel from the old farm to the new one on Lady Day. In 1752 England finally followed western Europe in switching to the Gregorian calendar from the Julian calendar.", "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill is a play with music by Lanie Robertson, recounting some events in the life of Billie Holiday. The play originally premiered in 1986 at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, and soon played Off-Broadway. The play opened on Broadway in 2014. \"Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill\" premiered at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia, on April 16, 1986, with direction by Woodie King Jr. and Reenie Upchurch as Billie Holiday. The play was next produced Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre on June 5, 1986, and then opened in a Vineyard Theatre production at the Westside Theatre on September 7, 1986. This production closed on May 17, 1987 after 281 performances. Directed by Andre Ernotte, Lonette McKee starred as Holiday. In February 1987 S. Epatha Merkerson took over the role of Billie Holiday. The play won the 1987 Outer Critics Circle Award for Best Off-Broadway Book (Robertson). The Hollywood Playhouse (in California) produced \"Lady Day\" in October 1987, directed by Andre Ernotte, and with S. Epatha Merkerson reprising her role as Holiday. Ernotte said that he wanted to \"deglamorize Billie: show the dark, sad side. So it's not so much a nightclub act as a theater play with music.\" He also noted that Merkerson brought another aspect to the role as an actress rather than as a singer. The play was presented at the Long Wharf Theatre, New Haven, Connecticut in November 2005, with Ernestine Jackson as Billie Holiday. The play opened on Broadway at Circle in the Square on April 13, 2014."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What Role did Audra McDonald play at Lady Day?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald played Billie Holiday on Broadway in the play Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill in a limited engagement that ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have to audition for the role?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else was in the play with her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Billie Holiday the Lead Role in the play?", "answer": {"text": "McDonald won the Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play for this role,", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did she play this part?", "answer": {"text": "ended on August 10, 2014.", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_72c2173245744eeea3ae7541ba451877_1_q#0", "question": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "rewrite": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This included that Cheney could not remember discussing Valerie Plame with Scooter Libby, although Mr. Libby testified that he remembered discussing Valerie Plame with Cheney on two occasions. Cheney had considerable disdain for the CIA, as he spoke of the incompetence of the organization, and three times said \"amateur hour\" in reference to CIA actions. Some observers say that Cheney's faulty memory was his method to avoid telling the truth, and to avoid potential prosecution. In closing arguments at Libby's trial, special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald said \"a cloud over the vice president, persisted.\" According to the court released transcript:  In a January 23, 2006, letter to Scooter Libby's defense team, Patrick Fitzgerald states: \"... [W]e advised you during the January 18 conference call that we were not aware of any reporters who knew prior to July 14, 2003, that Valerie Plame, Ambassador Wilson's wife, worked at the CIA, other than: Bob Woodward, Judith Miller, Bob Novak, Walter Pincus and Matthew Cooper.\" On November 16, 2005, in an article titled \"Woodward Was Told of Plame More Than Two Years Ago\", published in \"The Washington Post\", Jim VandeHei and Carol D. Leonnig revealed that Bob Woodward was told of Valerie Wilson's CIA affiliation a month before it was reported in Robert Novak's column and before Wilson's July 6, 2003 editorial in \"The New York Times\". At an on-the-record dinner at a Harvard University Institute of Politics forum in December 2005, according to the \"Harvard Crimson\", Woodward discussed the matter with fellow Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein, responding to Bernstein's claim that the release of Plame's identity was a \"calculated leak\" by the Bush administration with \" I know a lot about this, and you're wrong. \"", "The commutation of Libby's sentence was controversial for a number of reasons. Some, such as Chairman Conyers, implied that President Bush had abused his power in order to protect himself and Vice President Cheney from oversight:  While I recognize that the clemency power is a Presidential prerogative, your decision to commute Scooter Libby's sentence has proven highly controversial, with commentators suggesting that this act may have had the effect of removing any further incentive that Mr. Libby may have had to provide more complete information about the leak of information on Valerie Wilson's work as an intelligence agent and the role that your Vice President and you yourself may have played in that leak. The commutation angered others, such as Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter, because they felt it represented a failure of accountability. Waxman: Slaughter: The case against Scooter Libby always involved much more than the fate of one man. By revealing Valerie Plame's identity, the Administration endangered her life, the life of everyone in the field she had worked with, and America's national security. This illegal action set back the work of our intelligence community immeasurably by breaking bonds of trust which take years to form. Two years is a paltry price to pay for the damage done to our nation, damage Mr. Libby made possible. The \"Washington Times\" also criticized Bush for failing to hold Libby accountable, calling his decision \"neither wise nor just\":  Perjury is a serious crime. This newspaper argued on behalf of its seriousness in the 1990s, during the Clinton perjury controversy, and today is no different. We'd have hoped that more conservatives would agree. The integrity of the judicial process depends on fact-finding and truth-telling.", "David Corn and Michael Isikoff argued that the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim. On July 14, 2003, Robert Novak, journalist for \"The Washington Post\", using information obtained from Richard Armitage, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby, revealed in his column her identity as a CIA operative. Legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, \"United States v. Libby\", and Congressional investigations, established her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003. In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald explained the necessity of secrecy about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 \u2014 \"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown\" \u2014 and the background and consequences of the indictment of then high-ranking Bush Administration official Scooter Libby as it pertained to her. Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time. Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006 , reveal that Libby testified that \"he was specifically authorized in advance\" of his meeting with Judith Miller, reporter for \"The New York Times\", to disclose the \"key judgments\" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, \"the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller].\"", "As to the leaks' harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame's work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as \"a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years\" \u2014 representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) On January 31, 2006, letters exchanged between Libby's lawyers and Fitzgerald's office concerning matters of discovery were released to the public. Reportedly, Fitgerald states: A formal assessment has not been done of the damage caused by the disclosure of Valerie Wilson's status as a CIA employee, and thus we possess no such document. In any event, we would not view an assessment of the damage caused by the disclosure as relevant to the issue of whether or not Mr. Libby intentionally lied when he made the statements and gave the grand jury testimony which the grand jury alleged was false. On March 17, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team to dismiss the indictments. On April 5, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team on issues of discovery. On April 12, 2006, Fitzgerald issued a correction to some of the information in the government's motion. In the memo, he writes:  Nor would such documents of the CIA, NSC and the State Department place in context the importance of the conversations in which defendant participated.", "Scooter Libby clemency controversy The Scooter Libby clemency controversy arose when U.S. President George W. Bush commuted the prison sentence of Scooter Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, on July 2, 2007. It resulted in a hearing, \"The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials\", held July 11, 2007 by the full Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives. The hearing was intended to \"explore the grave questions that arise when the Presidential clemency power is used to erase criminal penalties for high-ranking executive branch employees whose offenses relate to their work for the President\", as well as to assess the consequences of the perjury and obstruction of justice of which vice-presidential Chief of Staff Lewis Libby was convicted March 6, 2007. In 2003, acting U.S. Attorney General James B. Comey appointed Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald to lead an investigation into the alleged criminal outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. Plame's husband, U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, alleged that Libby and others in the White House leaked her identity in retribution for Wilson's outspoken criticism of the administration's invasion of Iraq. When Libby was convicted, fined, and sentenced to 30 months in prison for obstructing Fitzgerald's investigation, there was speculation as to whether his punishment would be carried out in full or the President would intervene. After President Bush commuted Libby's prison sentence, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Representative John Conyers (D-MI), held a hearing to investigate what many in law and government saw as an abuse of presidential power."], "answer": {"text": "Libby was born to an affluent Jewish family in New Haven, Connecticut;", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_72c2173245744eeea3ae7541ba451877_1_q#1", "question": "Did he have siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Scooter Libby have siblings?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As to the leaks' harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame's work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as \"a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years\" \u2014 representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) On January 31, 2006, letters exchanged between Libby's lawyers and Fitzgerald's office concerning matters of discovery were released to the public. Reportedly, Fitgerald states: A formal assessment has not been done of the damage caused by the disclosure of Valerie Wilson's status as a CIA employee, and thus we possess no such document. In any event, we would not view an assessment of the damage caused by the disclosure as relevant to the issue of whether or not Mr. Libby intentionally lied when he made the statements and gave the grand jury testimony which the grand jury alleged was false. On March 17, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team to dismiss the indictments. On April 5, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team on issues of discovery. On April 12, 2006, Fitzgerald issued a correction to some of the information in the government's motion. In the memo, he writes:  Nor would such documents of the CIA, NSC and the State Department place in context the importance of the conversations in which defendant participated.", "David Corn and Michael Isikoff argued that the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim. On July 14, 2003, Robert Novak, journalist for \"The Washington Post\", using information obtained from Richard Armitage, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby, revealed in his column her identity as a CIA operative. Legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, \"United States v. Libby\", and Congressional investigations, established her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003. In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald explained the necessity of secrecy about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 \u2014 \"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown\" \u2014 and the background and consequences of the indictment of then high-ranking Bush Administration official Scooter Libby as it pertained to her. Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time. Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006 , reveal that Libby testified that \"he was specifically authorized in advance\" of his meeting with Judith Miller, reporter for \"The New York Times\", to disclose the \"key judgments\" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, \"the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller].\"", "The commutation of Libby's sentence was controversial for a number of reasons. Some, such as Chairman Conyers, implied that President Bush had abused his power in order to protect himself and Vice President Cheney from oversight:  While I recognize that the clemency power is a Presidential prerogative, your decision to commute Scooter Libby's sentence has proven highly controversial, with commentators suggesting that this act may have had the effect of removing any further incentive that Mr. Libby may have had to provide more complete information about the leak of information on Valerie Wilson's work as an intelligence agent and the role that your Vice President and you yourself may have played in that leak. The commutation angered others, such as Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter, because they felt it represented a failure of accountability. Waxman: Slaughter: The case against Scooter Libby always involved much more than the fate of one man. By revealing Valerie Plame's identity, the Administration endangered her life, the life of everyone in the field she had worked with, and America's national security. This illegal action set back the work of our intelligence community immeasurably by breaking bonds of trust which take years to form. Two years is a paltry price to pay for the damage done to our nation, damage Mr. Libby made possible. The \"Washington Times\" also criticized Bush for failing to hold Libby accountable, calling his decision \"neither wise nor just\":  Perjury is a serious crime. This newspaper argued on behalf of its seriousness in the 1990s, during the Clinton perjury controversy, and today is no different. We'd have hoped that more conservatives would agree. The integrity of the judicial process depends on fact-finding and truth-telling.", "Scooter Libby clemency controversy The Scooter Libby clemency controversy arose when U.S. President George W. Bush commuted the prison sentence of Scooter Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, on July 2, 2007. It resulted in a hearing, \"The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials\", held July 11, 2007 by the full Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives. The hearing was intended to \"explore the grave questions that arise when the Presidential clemency power is used to erase criminal penalties for high-ranking executive branch employees whose offenses relate to their work for the President\", as well as to assess the consequences of the perjury and obstruction of justice of which vice-presidential Chief of Staff Lewis Libby was convicted March 6, 2007. In 2003, acting U.S. Attorney General James B. Comey appointed Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald to lead an investigation into the alleged criminal outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. Plame's husband, U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, alleged that Libby and others in the White House leaked her identity in retribution for Wilson's outspoken criticism of the administration's invasion of Iraq. When Libby was convicted, fined, and sentenced to 30 months in prison for obstructing Fitzgerald's investigation, there was speculation as to whether his punishment would be carried out in full or the President would intervene. After President Bush commuted Libby's prison sentence, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Representative John Conyers (D-MI), held a hearing to investigate what many in law and government saw as an abuse of presidential power.", "This included that Cheney could not remember discussing Valerie Plame with Scooter Libby, although Mr. Libby testified that he remembered discussing Valerie Plame with Cheney on two occasions. Cheney had considerable disdain for the CIA, as he spoke of the incompetence of the organization, and three times said \"amateur hour\" in reference to CIA actions. Some observers say that Cheney's faulty memory was his method to avoid telling the truth, and to avoid potential prosecution. In closing arguments at Libby's trial, special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald said \"a cloud over the vice president, persisted.\" According to the court released transcript:  In a January 23, 2006, letter to Scooter Libby's defense team, Patrick Fitzgerald states: \"... [W]e advised you during the January 18 conference call that we were not aware of any reporters who knew prior to July 14, 2003, that Valerie Plame, Ambassador Wilson's wife, worked at the CIA, other than: Bob Woodward, Judith Miller, Bob Novak, Walter Pincus and Matthew Cooper.\" On November 16, 2005, in an article titled \"Woodward Was Told of Plame More Than Two Years Ago\", published in \"The Washington Post\", Jim VandeHei and Carol D. Leonnig revealed that Bob Woodward was told of Valerie Wilson's CIA affiliation a month before it was reported in Robert Novak's column and before Wilson's July 6, 2003 editorial in \"The New York Times\". At an on-the-record dinner at a Harvard University Institute of Politics forum in December 2005, according to the \"Harvard Crimson\", Woodward discussed the matter with fellow Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein, responding to Bernstein's claim that the release of Plame's identity was a \"calculated leak\" by the Bush administration with \" I know a lot about this, and you're wrong. \""], "answer": {"text": "He and his elder brother, Hank, a retired tax lawyer, were the first in the family to graduate from college.", "answer_start": 389}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "answer": {"text": "Libby was born to an affluent Jewish family in New Haven, Connecticut;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_72c2173245744eeea3ae7541ba451877_1_q#2", "question": "Who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Scooter Libby's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scooter Libby clemency controversy The Scooter Libby clemency controversy arose when U.S. President George W. Bush commuted the prison sentence of Scooter Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, on July 2, 2007. It resulted in a hearing, \"The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials\", held July 11, 2007 by the full Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives. The hearing was intended to \"explore the grave questions that arise when the Presidential clemency power is used to erase criminal penalties for high-ranking executive branch employees whose offenses relate to their work for the President\", as well as to assess the consequences of the perjury and obstruction of justice of which vice-presidential Chief of Staff Lewis Libby was convicted March 6, 2007. In 2003, acting U.S. Attorney General James B. Comey appointed Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald to lead an investigation into the alleged criminal outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. Plame's husband, U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, alleged that Libby and others in the White House leaked her identity in retribution for Wilson's outspoken criticism of the administration's invasion of Iraq. When Libby was convicted, fined, and sentenced to 30 months in prison for obstructing Fitzgerald's investigation, there was speculation as to whether his punishment would be carried out in full or the President would intervene. After President Bush commuted Libby's prison sentence, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Representative John Conyers (D-MI), held a hearing to investigate what many in law and government saw as an abuse of presidential power.", "This included that Cheney could not remember discussing Valerie Plame with Scooter Libby, although Mr. Libby testified that he remembered discussing Valerie Plame with Cheney on two occasions. Cheney had considerable disdain for the CIA, as he spoke of the incompetence of the organization, and three times said \"amateur hour\" in reference to CIA actions. Some observers say that Cheney's faulty memory was his method to avoid telling the truth, and to avoid potential prosecution. In closing arguments at Libby's trial, special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald said \"a cloud over the vice president, persisted.\" According to the court released transcript:  In a January 23, 2006, letter to Scooter Libby's defense team, Patrick Fitzgerald states: \"... [W]e advised you during the January 18 conference call that we were not aware of any reporters who knew prior to July 14, 2003, that Valerie Plame, Ambassador Wilson's wife, worked at the CIA, other than: Bob Woodward, Judith Miller, Bob Novak, Walter Pincus and Matthew Cooper.\" On November 16, 2005, in an article titled \"Woodward Was Told of Plame More Than Two Years Ago\", published in \"The Washington Post\", Jim VandeHei and Carol D. Leonnig revealed that Bob Woodward was told of Valerie Wilson's CIA affiliation a month before it was reported in Robert Novak's column and before Wilson's July 6, 2003 editorial in \"The New York Times\". At an on-the-record dinner at a Harvard University Institute of Politics forum in December 2005, according to the \"Harvard Crimson\", Woodward discussed the matter with fellow Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein, responding to Bernstein's claim that the release of Plame's identity was a \"calculated leak\" by the Bush administration with \" I know a lot about this, and you're wrong. \"", "As to the leaks' harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame's work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as \"a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years\" \u2014 representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) On January 31, 2006, letters exchanged between Libby's lawyers and Fitzgerald's office concerning matters of discovery were released to the public. Reportedly, Fitgerald states: A formal assessment has not been done of the damage caused by the disclosure of Valerie Wilson's status as a CIA employee, and thus we possess no such document. In any event, we would not view an assessment of the damage caused by the disclosure as relevant to the issue of whether or not Mr. Libby intentionally lied when he made the statements and gave the grand jury testimony which the grand jury alleged was false. On March 17, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team to dismiss the indictments. On April 5, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team on issues of discovery. On April 12, 2006, Fitzgerald issued a correction to some of the information in the government's motion. In the memo, he writes:  Nor would such documents of the CIA, NSC and the State Department place in context the importance of the conversations in which defendant participated.", "David Corn and Michael Isikoff argued that the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim. On July 14, 2003, Robert Novak, journalist for \"The Washington Post\", using information obtained from Richard Armitage, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby, revealed in his column her identity as a CIA operative. Legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, \"United States v. Libby\", and Congressional investigations, established her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003. In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald explained the necessity of secrecy about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 \u2014 \"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown\" \u2014 and the background and consequences of the indictment of then high-ranking Bush Administration official Scooter Libby as it pertained to her. Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time. Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006 , reveal that Libby testified that \"he was specifically authorized in advance\" of his meeting with Judith Miller, reporter for \"The New York Times\", to disclose the \"key judgments\" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, \"the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller].\"", "The commutation of Libby's sentence was controversial for a number of reasons. Some, such as Chairman Conyers, implied that President Bush had abused his power in order to protect himself and Vice President Cheney from oversight:  While I recognize that the clemency power is a Presidential prerogative, your decision to commute Scooter Libby's sentence has proven highly controversial, with commentators suggesting that this act may have had the effect of removing any further incentive that Mr. Libby may have had to provide more complete information about the leak of information on Valerie Wilson's work as an intelligence agent and the role that your Vice President and you yourself may have played in that leak. The commutation angered others, such as Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter, because they felt it represented a failure of accountability. Waxman: Slaughter: The case against Scooter Libby always involved much more than the fate of one man. By revealing Valerie Plame's identity, the Administration endangered her life, the life of everyone in the field she had worked with, and America's national security. This illegal action set back the work of our intelligence community immeasurably by breaking bonds of trust which take years to form. Two years is a paltry price to pay for the damage done to our nation, damage Mr. Libby made possible. The \"Washington Times\" also criticized Bush for failing to hold Libby accountable, calling his decision \"neither wise nor just\":  Perjury is a serious crime. This newspaper argued on behalf of its seriousness in the 1990s, during the Clinton perjury controversy, and today is no different. We'd have hoped that more conservatives would agree. The integrity of the judicial process depends on fact-finding and truth-telling."], "answer": {"text": "his late father, Irving Lewis Liebowitz, was an investment banker.", "answer_start": 71}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "answer": {"text": "Libby was born to an affluent Jewish family in New Haven, Connecticut;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He and his elder brother, Hank, a retired tax lawyer, were the first in the family to graduate from college.", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_72c2173245744eeea3ae7541ba451877_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Scooter Libby go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This included that Cheney could not remember discussing Valerie Plame with Scooter Libby, although Mr. Libby testified that he remembered discussing Valerie Plame with Cheney on two occasions. Cheney had considerable disdain for the CIA, as he spoke of the incompetence of the organization, and three times said \"amateur hour\" in reference to CIA actions. Some observers say that Cheney's faulty memory was his method to avoid telling the truth, and to avoid potential prosecution. In closing arguments at Libby's trial, special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald said \"a cloud over the vice president, persisted.\" According to the court released transcript:  In a January 23, 2006, letter to Scooter Libby's defense team, Patrick Fitzgerald states: \"... [W]e advised you during the January 18 conference call that we were not aware of any reporters who knew prior to July 14, 2003, that Valerie Plame, Ambassador Wilson's wife, worked at the CIA, other than: Bob Woodward, Judith Miller, Bob Novak, Walter Pincus and Matthew Cooper.\" On November 16, 2005, in an article titled \"Woodward Was Told of Plame More Than Two Years Ago\", published in \"The Washington Post\", Jim VandeHei and Carol D. Leonnig revealed that Bob Woodward was told of Valerie Wilson's CIA affiliation a month before it was reported in Robert Novak's column and before Wilson's July 6, 2003 editorial in \"The New York Times\". At an on-the-record dinner at a Harvard University Institute of Politics forum in December 2005, according to the \"Harvard Crimson\", Woodward discussed the matter with fellow Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein, responding to Bernstein's claim that the release of Plame's identity was a \"calculated leak\" by the Bush administration with \" I know a lot about this, and you're wrong. \"", "Scooter Libby clemency controversy The Scooter Libby clemency controversy arose when U.S. President George W. Bush commuted the prison sentence of Scooter Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, on July 2, 2007. It resulted in a hearing, \"The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials\", held July 11, 2007 by the full Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives. The hearing was intended to \"explore the grave questions that arise when the Presidential clemency power is used to erase criminal penalties for high-ranking executive branch employees whose offenses relate to their work for the President\", as well as to assess the consequences of the perjury and obstruction of justice of which vice-presidential Chief of Staff Lewis Libby was convicted March 6, 2007. In 2003, acting U.S. Attorney General James B. Comey appointed Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald to lead an investigation into the alleged criminal outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. Plame's husband, U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, alleged that Libby and others in the White House leaked her identity in retribution for Wilson's outspoken criticism of the administration's invasion of Iraq. When Libby was convicted, fined, and sentenced to 30 months in prison for obstructing Fitzgerald's investigation, there was speculation as to whether his punishment would be carried out in full or the President would intervene. After President Bush commuted Libby's prison sentence, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Representative John Conyers (D-MI), held a hearing to investigate what many in law and government saw as an abuse of presidential power.", "David Corn and Michael Isikoff argued that the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim. On July 14, 2003, Robert Novak, journalist for \"The Washington Post\", using information obtained from Richard Armitage, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby, revealed in his column her identity as a CIA operative. Legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, \"United States v. Libby\", and Congressional investigations, established her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003. In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald explained the necessity of secrecy about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 \u2014 \"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown\" \u2014 and the background and consequences of the indictment of then high-ranking Bush Administration official Scooter Libby as it pertained to her. Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time. Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006 , reveal that Libby testified that \"he was specifically authorized in advance\" of his meeting with Judith Miller, reporter for \"The New York Times\", to disclose the \"key judgments\" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, \"the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller].\"", "The commutation of Libby's sentence was controversial for a number of reasons. Some, such as Chairman Conyers, implied that President Bush had abused his power in order to protect himself and Vice President Cheney from oversight:  While I recognize that the clemency power is a Presidential prerogative, your decision to commute Scooter Libby's sentence has proven highly controversial, with commentators suggesting that this act may have had the effect of removing any further incentive that Mr. Libby may have had to provide more complete information about the leak of information on Valerie Wilson's work as an intelligence agent and the role that your Vice President and you yourself may have played in that leak. The commutation angered others, such as Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter, because they felt it represented a failure of accountability. Waxman: Slaughter: The case against Scooter Libby always involved much more than the fate of one man. By revealing Valerie Plame's identity, the Administration endangered her life, the life of everyone in the field she had worked with, and America's national security. This illegal action set back the work of our intelligence community immeasurably by breaking bonds of trust which take years to form. Two years is a paltry price to pay for the damage done to our nation, damage Mr. Libby made possible. The \"Washington Times\" also criticized Bush for failing to hold Libby accountable, calling his decision \"neither wise nor just\":  Perjury is a serious crime. This newspaper argued on behalf of its seriousness in the 1990s, during the Clinton perjury controversy, and today is no different. We'd have hoped that more conservatives would agree. The integrity of the judicial process depends on fact-finding and truth-telling.", "As to the leaks' harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame's work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as \"a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years\" \u2014 representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) On January 31, 2006, letters exchanged between Libby's lawyers and Fitzgerald's office concerning matters of discovery were released to the public. Reportedly, Fitgerald states: A formal assessment has not been done of the damage caused by the disclosure of Valerie Wilson's status as a CIA employee, and thus we possess no such document. In any event, we would not view an assessment of the damage caused by the disclosure as relevant to the issue of whether or not Mr. Libby intentionally lied when he made the statements and gave the grand jury testimony which the grand jury alleged was false. On March 17, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team to dismiss the indictments. On April 5, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team on issues of discovery. On April 12, 2006, Fitzgerald issued a correction to some of the information in the government's motion. In the memo, he writes:  Nor would such documents of the CIA, NSC and the State Department place in context the importance of the conversations in which defendant participated."], "answer": {"text": "Libby graduated from the Eaglebrook School, in Deerfield, Massachusetts, a middle school, in 1965.", "answer_start": 138}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "answer": {"text": "Libby was born to an affluent Jewish family in New Haven, Connecticut;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He and his elder brother, Hank, a retired tax lawyer, were the first in the family to graduate from college.", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "his late father, Irving Lewis Liebowitz, was an investment banker.", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_72c2173245744eeea3ae7541ba451877_1_q#4", "question": "Where did he go to high school?", "rewrite": "Where did Scooter Libby go to high school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scooter Libby clemency controversy The Scooter Libby clemency controversy arose when U.S. President George W. Bush commuted the prison sentence of Scooter Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, on July 2, 2007. It resulted in a hearing, \"The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials\", held July 11, 2007 by the full Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives. The hearing was intended to \"explore the grave questions that arise when the Presidential clemency power is used to erase criminal penalties for high-ranking executive branch employees whose offenses relate to their work for the President\", as well as to assess the consequences of the perjury and obstruction of justice of which vice-presidential Chief of Staff Lewis Libby was convicted March 6, 2007. In 2003, acting U.S. Attorney General James B. Comey appointed Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald to lead an investigation into the alleged criminal outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. Plame's husband, U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, alleged that Libby and others in the White House leaked her identity in retribution for Wilson's outspoken criticism of the administration's invasion of Iraq. When Libby was convicted, fined, and sentenced to 30 months in prison for obstructing Fitzgerald's investigation, there was speculation as to whether his punishment would be carried out in full or the President would intervene. After President Bush commuted Libby's prison sentence, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Representative John Conyers (D-MI), held a hearing to investigate what many in law and government saw as an abuse of presidential power.", "The commutation of Libby's sentence was controversial for a number of reasons. Some, such as Chairman Conyers, implied that President Bush had abused his power in order to protect himself and Vice President Cheney from oversight:  While I recognize that the clemency power is a Presidential prerogative, your decision to commute Scooter Libby's sentence has proven highly controversial, with commentators suggesting that this act may have had the effect of removing any further incentive that Mr. Libby may have had to provide more complete information about the leak of information on Valerie Wilson's work as an intelligence agent and the role that your Vice President and you yourself may have played in that leak. The commutation angered others, such as Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter, because they felt it represented a failure of accountability. Waxman: Slaughter: The case against Scooter Libby always involved much more than the fate of one man. By revealing Valerie Plame's identity, the Administration endangered her life, the life of everyone in the field she had worked with, and America's national security. This illegal action set back the work of our intelligence community immeasurably by breaking bonds of trust which take years to form. Two years is a paltry price to pay for the damage done to our nation, damage Mr. Libby made possible. The \"Washington Times\" also criticized Bush for failing to hold Libby accountable, calling his decision \"neither wise nor just\":  Perjury is a serious crime. This newspaper argued on behalf of its seriousness in the 1990s, during the Clinton perjury controversy, and today is no different. We'd have hoped that more conservatives would agree. The integrity of the judicial process depends on fact-finding and truth-telling.", "This included that Cheney could not remember discussing Valerie Plame with Scooter Libby, although Mr. Libby testified that he remembered discussing Valerie Plame with Cheney on two occasions. Cheney had considerable disdain for the CIA, as he spoke of the incompetence of the organization, and three times said \"amateur hour\" in reference to CIA actions. Some observers say that Cheney's faulty memory was his method to avoid telling the truth, and to avoid potential prosecution. In closing arguments at Libby's trial, special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald said \"a cloud over the vice president, persisted.\" According to the court released transcript:  In a January 23, 2006, letter to Scooter Libby's defense team, Patrick Fitzgerald states: \"... [W]e advised you during the January 18 conference call that we were not aware of any reporters who knew prior to July 14, 2003, that Valerie Plame, Ambassador Wilson's wife, worked at the CIA, other than: Bob Woodward, Judith Miller, Bob Novak, Walter Pincus and Matthew Cooper.\" On November 16, 2005, in an article titled \"Woodward Was Told of Plame More Than Two Years Ago\", published in \"The Washington Post\", Jim VandeHei and Carol D. Leonnig revealed that Bob Woodward was told of Valerie Wilson's CIA affiliation a month before it was reported in Robert Novak's column and before Wilson's July 6, 2003 editorial in \"The New York Times\". At an on-the-record dinner at a Harvard University Institute of Politics forum in December 2005, according to the \"Harvard Crimson\", Woodward discussed the matter with fellow Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein, responding to Bernstein's claim that the release of Plame's identity was a \"calculated leak\" by the Bush administration with \" I know a lot about this, and you're wrong. \"", "As to the leaks' harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame's work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as \"a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years\" \u2014 representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) On January 31, 2006, letters exchanged between Libby's lawyers and Fitzgerald's office concerning matters of discovery were released to the public. Reportedly, Fitgerald states: A formal assessment has not been done of the damage caused by the disclosure of Valerie Wilson's status as a CIA employee, and thus we possess no such document. In any event, we would not view an assessment of the damage caused by the disclosure as relevant to the issue of whether or not Mr. Libby intentionally lied when he made the statements and gave the grand jury testimony which the grand jury alleged was false. On March 17, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team to dismiss the indictments. On April 5, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team on issues of discovery. On April 12, 2006, Fitzgerald issued a correction to some of the information in the government's motion. In the memo, he writes:  Nor would such documents of the CIA, NSC and the State Department place in context the importance of the conversations in which defendant participated.", "David Corn and Michael Isikoff argued that the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim. On July 14, 2003, Robert Novak, journalist for \"The Washington Post\", using information obtained from Richard Armitage, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby, revealed in his column her identity as a CIA operative. Legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, \"United States v. Libby\", and Congressional investigations, established her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003. In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald explained the necessity of secrecy about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 \u2014 \"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown\" \u2014 and the background and consequences of the indictment of then high-ranking Bush Administration official Scooter Libby as it pertained to her. Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time. Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006 , reveal that Libby testified that \"he was specifically authorized in advance\" of his meeting with Judith Miller, reporter for \"The New York Times\", to disclose the \"key judgments\" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, \"the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller].\""], "answer": {"text": "The family lived in the Washington region, Miami and Connecticut prior to Libby's graduation from Phillips Academy, in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1968.", "answer_start": 237}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "answer": {"text": "Libby was born to an affluent Jewish family in New Haven, Connecticut;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He and his elder brother, Hank, a retired tax lawyer, were the first in the family to graduate from college.", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "his late father, Irving Lewis Liebowitz, was an investment banker.", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Libby graduated from the Eaglebrook School, in Deerfield, Massachusetts, a middle school, in 1965.", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_72c2173245744eeea3ae7541ba451877_1_q#5", "question": "Where did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Where did Scooter Libby go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scooter Libby clemency controversy The Scooter Libby clemency controversy arose when U.S. President George W. Bush commuted the prison sentence of Scooter Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, on July 2, 2007. It resulted in a hearing, \"The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials\", held July 11, 2007 by the full Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives. The hearing was intended to \"explore the grave questions that arise when the Presidential clemency power is used to erase criminal penalties for high-ranking executive branch employees whose offenses relate to their work for the President\", as well as to assess the consequences of the perjury and obstruction of justice of which vice-presidential Chief of Staff Lewis Libby was convicted March 6, 2007. In 2003, acting U.S. Attorney General James B. Comey appointed Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald to lead an investigation into the alleged criminal outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. Plame's husband, U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, alleged that Libby and others in the White House leaked her identity in retribution for Wilson's outspoken criticism of the administration's invasion of Iraq. When Libby was convicted, fined, and sentenced to 30 months in prison for obstructing Fitzgerald's investigation, there was speculation as to whether his punishment would be carried out in full or the President would intervene. After President Bush commuted Libby's prison sentence, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Representative John Conyers (D-MI), held a hearing to investigate what many in law and government saw as an abuse of presidential power.", "David Corn and Michael Isikoff argued that the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim. On July 14, 2003, Robert Novak, journalist for \"The Washington Post\", using information obtained from Richard Armitage, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby, revealed in his column her identity as a CIA operative. Legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, \"United States v. Libby\", and Congressional investigations, established her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003. In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald explained the necessity of secrecy about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 \u2014 \"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown\" \u2014 and the background and consequences of the indictment of then high-ranking Bush Administration official Scooter Libby as it pertained to her. Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time. Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006 , reveal that Libby testified that \"he was specifically authorized in advance\" of his meeting with Judith Miller, reporter for \"The New York Times\", to disclose the \"key judgments\" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, \"the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller].\"", "The commutation of Libby's sentence was controversial for a number of reasons. Some, such as Chairman Conyers, implied that President Bush had abused his power in order to protect himself and Vice President Cheney from oversight:  While I recognize that the clemency power is a Presidential prerogative, your decision to commute Scooter Libby's sentence has proven highly controversial, with commentators suggesting that this act may have had the effect of removing any further incentive that Mr. Libby may have had to provide more complete information about the leak of information on Valerie Wilson's work as an intelligence agent and the role that your Vice President and you yourself may have played in that leak. The commutation angered others, such as Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter, because they felt it represented a failure of accountability. Waxman: Slaughter: The case against Scooter Libby always involved much more than the fate of one man. By revealing Valerie Plame's identity, the Administration endangered her life, the life of everyone in the field she had worked with, and America's national security. This illegal action set back the work of our intelligence community immeasurably by breaking bonds of trust which take years to form. Two years is a paltry price to pay for the damage done to our nation, damage Mr. Libby made possible. The \"Washington Times\" also criticized Bush for failing to hold Libby accountable, calling his decision \"neither wise nor just\":  Perjury is a serious crime. This newspaper argued on behalf of its seriousness in the 1990s, during the Clinton perjury controversy, and today is no different. We'd have hoped that more conservatives would agree. The integrity of the judicial process depends on fact-finding and truth-telling.", "This included that Cheney could not remember discussing Valerie Plame with Scooter Libby, although Mr. Libby testified that he remembered discussing Valerie Plame with Cheney on two occasions. Cheney had considerable disdain for the CIA, as he spoke of the incompetence of the organization, and three times said \"amateur hour\" in reference to CIA actions. Some observers say that Cheney's faulty memory was his method to avoid telling the truth, and to avoid potential prosecution. In closing arguments at Libby's trial, special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald said \"a cloud over the vice president, persisted.\" According to the court released transcript:  In a January 23, 2006, letter to Scooter Libby's defense team, Patrick Fitzgerald states: \"... [W]e advised you during the January 18 conference call that we were not aware of any reporters who knew prior to July 14, 2003, that Valerie Plame, Ambassador Wilson's wife, worked at the CIA, other than: Bob Woodward, Judith Miller, Bob Novak, Walter Pincus and Matthew Cooper.\" On November 16, 2005, in an article titled \"Woodward Was Told of Plame More Than Two Years Ago\", published in \"The Washington Post\", Jim VandeHei and Carol D. Leonnig revealed that Bob Woodward was told of Valerie Wilson's CIA affiliation a month before it was reported in Robert Novak's column and before Wilson's July 6, 2003 editorial in \"The New York Times\". At an on-the-record dinner at a Harvard University Institute of Politics forum in December 2005, according to the \"Harvard Crimson\", Woodward discussed the matter with fellow Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein, responding to Bernstein's claim that the release of Plame's identity was a \"calculated leak\" by the Bush administration with \" I know a lot about this, and you're wrong. \"", "As to the leaks' harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame's work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as \"a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years\" \u2014 representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) On January 31, 2006, letters exchanged between Libby's lawyers and Fitzgerald's office concerning matters of discovery were released to the public. Reportedly, Fitgerald states: A formal assessment has not been done of the damage caused by the disclosure of Valerie Wilson's status as a CIA employee, and thus we possess no such document. In any event, we would not view an assessment of the damage caused by the disclosure as relevant to the issue of whether or not Mr. Libby intentionally lied when he made the statements and gave the grand jury testimony which the grand jury alleged was false. On March 17, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team to dismiss the indictments. On April 5, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team on issues of discovery. On April 12, 2006, Fitzgerald issued a correction to some of the information in the government's motion. In the memo, he writes:  Nor would such documents of the CIA, NSC and the State Department place in context the importance of the conversations in which defendant participated."], "answer": {"text": "Libby matriculated at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, in Fall 1968, graduating magna cum laude in 1972.", "answer_start": 498}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "answer": {"text": "Libby was born to an affluent Jewish family in New Haven, Connecticut;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He and his elder brother, Hank, a retired tax lawyer, were the first in the family to graduate from college.", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "his late father, Irving Lewis Liebowitz, was an investment banker.", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Libby graduated from the Eaglebrook School, in Deerfield, Massachusetts, a middle school, in 1965.", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to high school?", "answer": {"text": "The family lived in the Washington region, Miami and Connecticut prior to Libby's graduation from Phillips Academy, in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1968.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_72c2173245744eeea3ae7541ba451877_1_q#6", "question": "What did he study?", "rewrite": "What did Scooter Libby study?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scooter Libby clemency controversy The Scooter Libby clemency controversy arose when U.S. President George W. Bush commuted the prison sentence of Scooter Libby, the former Chief of Staff to Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, on July 2, 2007. It resulted in a hearing, \"The Use and Misuse of Presidential Clemency Power for Executive Branch Officials\", held July 11, 2007 by the full Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives. The hearing was intended to \"explore the grave questions that arise when the Presidential clemency power is used to erase criminal penalties for high-ranking executive branch employees whose offenses relate to their work for the President\", as well as to assess the consequences of the perjury and obstruction of justice of which vice-presidential Chief of Staff Lewis Libby was convicted March 6, 2007. In 2003, acting U.S. Attorney General James B. Comey appointed Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald to lead an investigation into the alleged criminal outing of CIA operative Valerie Plame. Plame's husband, U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, alleged that Libby and others in the White House leaked her identity in retribution for Wilson's outspoken criticism of the administration's invasion of Iraq. When Libby was convicted, fined, and sentenced to 30 months in prison for obstructing Fitzgerald's investigation, there was speculation as to whether his punishment would be carried out in full or the President would intervene. After President Bush commuted Libby's prison sentence, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee, chaired by Representative John Conyers (D-MI), held a hearing to investigate what many in law and government saw as an abuse of presidential power.", "As to the leaks' harmfulness, although the record omits specifics about Plame's work, it appears to confirm, as alleged in the public record and reported in the press, that she worked for the CIA in some unusual capacity relating to counterproliferation. Addressing deficiencies of proof regarding the Intelligence Identities Protection Act, the special counsel refers to Plame as \"a person whose identity the CIA was making specific efforts to conceal and who had carried out covert work overseas within the last 5 years\" \u2014 representations I trust the special counsel would not make without support. (8/27/04 Aff. at 28 n.15.) On January 31, 2006, letters exchanged between Libby's lawyers and Fitzgerald's office concerning matters of discovery were released to the public. Reportedly, Fitgerald states: A formal assessment has not been done of the damage caused by the disclosure of Valerie Wilson's status as a CIA employee, and thus we possess no such document. In any event, we would not view an assessment of the damage caused by the disclosure as relevant to the issue of whether or not Mr. Libby intentionally lied when he made the statements and gave the grand jury testimony which the grand jury alleged was false. On March 17, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team to dismiss the indictments. On April 5, 2006, Patrick Fitzgerald filed the government's response to a motion by Scooter Libby's defense team on issues of discovery. On April 12, 2006, Fitzgerald issued a correction to some of the information in the government's motion. In the memo, he writes:  Nor would such documents of the CIA, NSC and the State Department place in context the importance of the conversations in which defendant participated.", "The commutation of Libby's sentence was controversial for a number of reasons. Some, such as Chairman Conyers, implied that President Bush had abused his power in order to protect himself and Vice President Cheney from oversight:  While I recognize that the clemency power is a Presidential prerogative, your decision to commute Scooter Libby's sentence has proven highly controversial, with commentators suggesting that this act may have had the effect of removing any further incentive that Mr. Libby may have had to provide more complete information about the leak of information on Valerie Wilson's work as an intelligence agent and the role that your Vice President and you yourself may have played in that leak. The commutation angered others, such as Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Rules Committee Chairwoman Louise Slaughter, because they felt it represented a failure of accountability. Waxman: Slaughter: The case against Scooter Libby always involved much more than the fate of one man. By revealing Valerie Plame's identity, the Administration endangered her life, the life of everyone in the field she had worked with, and America's national security. This illegal action set back the work of our intelligence community immeasurably by breaking bonds of trust which take years to form. Two years is a paltry price to pay for the damage done to our nation, damage Mr. Libby made possible. The \"Washington Times\" also criticized Bush for failing to hold Libby accountable, calling his decision \"neither wise nor just\":  Perjury is a serious crime. This newspaper argued on behalf of its seriousness in the 1990s, during the Clinton perjury controversy, and today is no different. We'd have hoped that more conservatives would agree. The integrity of the judicial process depends on fact-finding and truth-telling.", "This included that Cheney could not remember discussing Valerie Plame with Scooter Libby, although Mr. Libby testified that he remembered discussing Valerie Plame with Cheney on two occasions. Cheney had considerable disdain for the CIA, as he spoke of the incompetence of the organization, and three times said \"amateur hour\" in reference to CIA actions. Some observers say that Cheney's faulty memory was his method to avoid telling the truth, and to avoid potential prosecution. In closing arguments at Libby's trial, special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald said \"a cloud over the vice president, persisted.\" According to the court released transcript:  In a January 23, 2006, letter to Scooter Libby's defense team, Patrick Fitzgerald states: \"... [W]e advised you during the January 18 conference call that we were not aware of any reporters who knew prior to July 14, 2003, that Valerie Plame, Ambassador Wilson's wife, worked at the CIA, other than: Bob Woodward, Judith Miller, Bob Novak, Walter Pincus and Matthew Cooper.\" On November 16, 2005, in an article titled \"Woodward Was Told of Plame More Than Two Years Ago\", published in \"The Washington Post\", Jim VandeHei and Carol D. Leonnig revealed that Bob Woodward was told of Valerie Wilson's CIA affiliation a month before it was reported in Robert Novak's column and before Wilson's July 6, 2003 editorial in \"The New York Times\". At an on-the-record dinner at a Harvard University Institute of Politics forum in December 2005, according to the \"Harvard Crimson\", Woodward discussed the matter with fellow Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein, responding to Bernstein's claim that the release of Plame's identity was a \"calculated leak\" by the Bush administration with \" I know a lot about this, and you're wrong. \"", "David Corn and Michael Isikoff argued that the undercover work being done by Plame and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim. On July 14, 2003, Robert Novak, journalist for \"The Washington Post\", using information obtained from Richard Armitage, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby, revealed in his column her identity as a CIA operative. Legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, \"United States v. Libby\", and Congressional investigations, established her classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time when Novak's column was published in July 2003. In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald explained the necessity of secrecy about his grand jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003 \u2014 \"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown\" \u2014 and the background and consequences of the indictment of then high-ranking Bush Administration official Scooter Libby as it pertained to her. Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the leak investigation and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by the rules of grand jury secrecy, he could and could not reveal legally at the time. Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006 , reveal that Libby testified that \"he was specifically authorized in advance\" of his meeting with Judith Miller, reporter for \"The New York Times\", to disclose the \"key judgments\" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, \"the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller].\""], "answer": {"text": "Two particular Yale courses helped guide Libby's future endeavors. One of these was a creative writing course,", "answer_start": 977}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where is Scooter Libby from?", "answer": {"text": "Libby was born to an affluent Jewish family in New Haven, Connecticut;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He and his elder brother, Hank, a retired tax lawyer, were the first in the family to graduate from college.", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "his late father, Irving Lewis Liebowitz, was an investment banker.", "answer_start": 71, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Libby graduated from the Eaglebrook School, in Deerfield, Massachusetts, a middle school, in 1965.", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to high school?", "answer": {"text": "The family lived in the Washington region, Miami and Connecticut prior to Libby's graduation from Phillips Academy, in Andover, Massachusetts, in 1968.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "Libby matriculated at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, in Fall 1968, graduating magna cum laude in 1972.", "answer_start": 498, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#0", "question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "rewrite": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The beautiful androgynous Kynaston, probably in his early thirties, was a different kind of hero. He had started his career in 1660 as the outstanding Restoration female impersonator \"the prettiest woman in the whole house\" before real women entered the profession in the fall of 1660. (The 2004 movie \"Stage Beauty\" is loosely based on Kynaston's career.) John Harold Wilson argues that the famously virile stage presence of Hart as Horner must be taken into account when interpreting the play. As personified by Hart, Horner will have won women not so much through clever trickery as \"the old-fashioned way\", by being \"dangerously attractive\", and it is only fools like Sir Jaspar Fidget who really believe him harmless. Harcourt/Kynaston, although by 1675 a well-regarded and skilful actor of male roles, would clearly have been overshadowed by Horner/Hart. The actresses associated with each hero must also have tended to make the Horner plot more striking on the stage than the true-love plot. Horner's primary mistress Lady Fidget, spokeswoman for \"the virtuous gang\" of secretly sex-hungry town wives, was played by the dynamic Elizabeth Knepp, who Samuel Pepys declared \"the most excellent, mad-humoured thing, and sings the noblest I've ever heard\", talents that the famous drinking scene in Horner's lodging seems designed to do justice to. By contrast, the choice of the bit-part actress Elizabeth James as Alithea would have de-emphasised the Harcourt-Alithea plot. Such historical considerations have made modern critics sceptical of Norman Holland's classic 1959 \"right way/wrong way\" interpretation of the play, which positions the true-love plot as the most important one.", "One filmed scene from \"Cutbacks\" was cut out from the airing. The scene was included on \"30 Rock\"\u2019s season three DVD as part of the deleted scenes bonus feature. In the scene, Kenneth is instructed by Jack to only interrupt his firing meetings if something important comes up. Kenneth believes that getting Showtime for three months from Time Warner Cable is something he should bring up to Jack, but Jack informs him that getting Showtime does not qualify as something important. Throughout the episode, references are made to the 1993 legal crime thriller film \"The Pelican Brief\". Kenneth tells Jack \"I feel like I'm in \"The Pelican Brief\". Do I already know too much?\" after Jack explains to Kenneth what to do as his assistant. Later, Jack tells Liz to make her budget cuts, with Liz replying \" What? That's it? I thought you'd tell me to cook the numbers or shred something or do some \"Pelican Brief\" stuff.\" Finally, Tracy and Jenna decide to investigate Kenneth's apartment, which leads them to compare themselves to actors Denzel Washington and Julia Roberts, the two leads from the movie. In one scene of \"Cutbacks\", Liz parodies business magnate Steve Jobs's clothing attire while giving her presentation about \"TGS\" to Brad. Later, Tracy goes to Jenna with his suspicions that Kenneth might be a murderer. Jenna tells Tracy that she has knowledge when it comes to serial killers after playing a criminal profiler\u2014named Jill St. Ferrari\u2014in an original Lifetime miniseries \" Hushed Rapings\". When Tracy and Jenna go to Kenneth's apartment, they go to his bedroom and see a bug bomb in his room, which prompts Tracy to say \" Oh no, Kenneth's a killer, and the Riddler is coming!", "Demetrius (A Midsummer Night's Dream) Demetrius is one of the iconic lovers in William Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream. He is a young man who is engaged to a young woman, Helena. He calls off the engagement to pursue Hermia, who is engaged to Lysander. After Hermia has confided in Helena regarding her plans to elope with Lysander, Helena reveals the plan to Demetrius, in the hopes of procuring Demetrius's trust. However, Demetrius merely goes to the forest seeking Hermia, without giving Helena a second thought. After that he returns to the king. Helena follows Demetrius, and Oberon, the fairy king, sees them arguing. Oberon feels pity on Helena and decides to help her by putting love juice on Demetrius's eyes, thereby compelling Demetrius to return Helena's love. Oberon instructs Puck, another fairy, to pour love juice on the eyelids of the \"Athenian man\" However, Puck sees Lysander sleeping, and pours the love juice in Lysander's eyes instead, thus causing Lysander to fall in love with Helena (and abandon Hermia), while Demetrius's love for Hermia continues unaltered. Later, Puck pours the love juice in Demetrius\u2019 eyes as well, with the result of both Demetrius and Lysander falling in love with Helena and despising Hermia. They fight over Helena, until Puck lulls them to sleep, and then Puck reverses the spell upon Lysander so that Lysander will love Hermia again. The spell on Demetrius, however, is not removed, and the play ends with Demetrius very much in love with Helena. Thus the love plot is balanced, with Lysander and Hermia forming one couple, and Demetrius and Helena forming another couple.", "Romantic comedy  Romantic comedy (portmanteaus: romedy, romcom, rom-com or lovecome) is a subgenre of comedy and slice-of-life fiction, focusing on lighthearted, humorous plot lines centered on romantic ideas, such as how true love is able to surmount most obstacles. One dictionary definition is \"a funny movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily\". Another definition suggests that its \"primary distinguishing feature is a love plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled\". Romantic comedy films are a certain genre of comedy films as well as of romance films, and may also have elements of screwball comedies. However, a romantic comedy is classified as a film with two genres, not a single new genre. Some television series can also be classified as romantic comedies. In a typical romantic comedy the two lovers tend to be young, likeable, and seemingly meant for each other, yet they are kept apart by some complicating circumstance (e.g., class differences, parental interference, a previous girlfriend or boyfriend) until, surmounting all obstacles, they are finally reunited. A fairy-tale-style happy ending is a typical feature. The basic plot of a romantic comedy is that two characters meet, part ways due to an argument or other obstacle, then ultimately realize their love for one another and reunite. Sometimes the two leads meet and become involved initially, then must confront challenges to their union. Sometimes they are hesitant to become romantically involved because they believe that they do not like each other, because one of them already has a partner, or because of social pressures. However, the screenwriters leave clues that suggest that the characters are, in fact, attracted to each other and that they would be a good love match.", "John occasionally withdraws from the past to offer criticisms of the Vietnam War and the Iran-Contra Affair. The setting is based on Phillips Exeter Academy, in Exeter, New Hampshire. A real-life John Wheelwright was the founder of the town of Exeter in 1638. John Irving uses a unique style when writing \"A Prayer for Owen Meany\". Shostak noticed Irving's \"repetitive plot\", visible throughout several of his novels. He gave two possible reasons for this, writing about the order this brings to a plot, instead of it being chaotic and corny. This repetition is also to place emphasis on certain key events and ideas. Irving described his writing process by saying, \"I have the last chapters in my mind before I see the first chapters... I usually begin with endings, a sense of aftermath, of dust settling, of epilogue. I love plot, and how can you plot a novel if you don't know the ending first?\" Bernstein also notes that Irving \"strives for big novels in the 19th-century manner-eventful, heavily peopled stories of the sort...that you don't see much anymore.\" Another key feature of the novel's style is that Irving writes Owen's dialogue in all capital letters. Following motifs of faith, religion, war and friendship, John Irving discussed the backstory of \"A Prayer for Owen Meany\" before an assembly of drama students at Yale University. Irving revealed the \"effects of the morbid Vietnam generation\" on the plot of his novel. He tried to communicate, \"a victim of the war, but not the victim you see coming from Vietnam.\" He also mentioned a small boy from his New Hampshire Hometown, a boy named Russell, who inspired the character Owen Meany."], "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#1", "question": "what is a similarity?", "rewrite": "What is a similarity to Shakespeare in Love?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In lines 1 and 2, Shakespeare explains that even though he was angry at his lover for favoring other poets, he was never unfaithful. Furthermore, in lines 3 and 4, Shakespeare continues use of the idea that his lover is a reflection of himself by saying \"As from my soul which in thy breast doth lie\". Quatrain 2 (lines 5-8) When Shakespeare's sonnets on the theme of poetry as perpetuation lead to arguments that support the complex and metaphysical aspects of love, there is a conviction that Shakespeare is wrestling with the notion of time and love fighting one another. Love and time are always changing, dimming, growing, and suffering together, but in the end Shakespeare allows readers to feel that love itself is the \"defier of time\". In the second quatrain Shakespeare resembles his fondness to that of a traveler returning home punctually. Yet while suggesting his travels have been long, he arrives nonetheless back, unchanged by the flow of time. His love resisting all effects of time perpetuates the meaningfulness of his endearment. His internal and genuine love proceeds from the beauty he views in his passion for himself and for his lover. It is separable and inseparable, with time and timeless. It is worthwhile to devote some attention to the immutable passion of love in a world of change and short-lived mortality that Shakespeare elaborates on. While the reader searches for the answer of whose love Shakespeare pines for, the question will remain timeless just as this poem and his message. Volta and Couplet Here Shakespeare lays all of his cards out onto the table with the volta, or shift of mood. The use of the word \"rose\" in the second line of the couplet is especially notable.", "Kinematic similarity In the field of fluid mechanics, kinematic similarity means, when the velocity at any point in the model flow is proportional by a constant scale factor to the velocity at the homologous point in the prototype flow, while considering it is maintaining the same flow streamline shape. This is one of the three (Geometric Similarity, Dynamic Similarity and Kinematic Similarity) necessary conditions for complete similarities between a model and a prototype. The kinematic similarity is the similarity of motion of the fluid. Since motions can be expressed with distance and time, it implies the similarity of lengths (i.e. geometrical similarity) and, in addition, a similarity of the time interval. To achieve kinematic similarity in a scaled model, dimensionless numbers in fluid dynamics come into consideration. For example, Reynolds number of the model and the prototype must match. There are other dimensionless numbers that will also come into consideration, such as Womersley number Assume, we need to make a scaled up model of coronary artery with kinematic similarity. Reynolds Number,<br> Where,<br> Now, there are few ways to maintain kinematic similarity. To keep the Reynolds number same, the scaled-up model can use a different fluid with different viscosity or density. We can also change the velocity of the fluid to maintain the same dynamic characteristics. So, the above equation can be written for artery as,  And for the scaled-up model, At the condition of Kinematic Similarity,  That means,  or,   Substituting variables by provided values will provide important characteristics data for the fluid and flow characteristics for the scaled-up model. A similar approach can be taken for the scaled-down model (i.e. oil refinery scaled-down model) as well.", "Similarity measure In statistics and related fields, a similarity measure or similarity function is a real-valued function that quantifies the similarity between two objects. Although no single definition of a similarity measure exists, usually such measures are in some sense the inverse of distance metrics: they take on large values for similar objects and either zero or a negative value for very dissimilar objects. Cosine similarity is a commonly used similarity measure for real-valued vectors, used in (among other fields) information retrieval to score the similarity of documents in the vector space model. In machine learning, common kernel functions such as the RBF kernel can be viewed as similarity functions. In spectral clustering, a similarity, or affinity, measure is used to transform data to overcome difficulties related to lack of convexity in the shape of the data distribution. The measure gives rise to an formula_1-sized \"similarity matrix\" for a set of points, where the entry formula_2 in the matrix can be simply the (negative of the) Euclidean distance between formula_3 and formula_4, or it can be a more complex measure of distance such as the Gaussian formula_5. Further modifying this result with network analysis techniques is also common. Similarity matrices are used in sequence alignment. Higher scores are given to more-similar characters, and lower or negative scores for dissimilar characters. Nucleotide similarity matrices are used to align nucleic acid sequences. Because there are only four nucleotides commonly found in DNA (Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T)), nucleotide similarity matrices are much simpler than protein similarity matrices. For example, a simple matrix will assign identical bases a score of +1 and non-identical bases a score of \u22121.", "(Show of Strength 1996) \"King Lear\" and \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2000) \"Measure for Measure\" and \"Coriolanus\" ( Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2001 \u2013 Peter Brook/Empty Space Award) \"The Winter's Tale'' and \"Twelfth Night\"\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2002) \"Troilus & Cressida\" and \"As You Like It\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2003) \"Macbeth\" and Middleton & Rowley's \"The Changeling\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2004 at the Tobacco Factory and the Barbican Pit) \"Pericles\" and Chekhov's \"Three Sisters\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2005) \"Titus Andronicus\" and \"Love's Labours Lost\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2006) \"Othello\" and \"Much Ado about Nothing\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2007) \"The Taming of the Shrew'\"' (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2008) \"Julius Caesar\" and \"Antony & Cleopatra\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2009) Chekhov's \"Uncle Vanya\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory & Bristol Old Vic Co-production, Theatre Royal, 2009, and Galway Festival 2010) \"The Tempest\" and \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2010) Moli\u00e8re /Tony Harrison's \"The Misanthrope\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory & Bristol Old Vic Co-production, Theatre Royal, 2010)  \"Richard II\" (SATTF 2011) \"The Comedy of Errors\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory and Exeter Northcott, 2011) \"King Lear\" ( Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory 2012) Chekhov's \"The Cherry Orchard\" (Shakespeare at the Tobacco Factory and Kingston Rose 2012)", "Here, Barbara Mowat offers her opinion of the meaning behind Sonnet 130; this work breaks the mold to which Sonnets had come to conform. Shakespeare composed a sonnet which seems to parody a great many sonnets of the time. Poets like Thomas Watson, Michael Drayton, and Barnabe Barnes were all part of this sonnet craze and each wrote sonnets proclaiming love for an almost unimaginable figure; Patrick Crutwell posits that Sonnet 130 could actually be a satire of the Thomas Watson poem \"Passionate Century of Love\", pointing out that the Watson poem contains all but one of the platitudes that Shakespeare is making fun of in Sonnet 130. However, E.G. Rogers points out the similarities between Watson's \"Passionate Century of Love,\" Sonnet 130, and Richard Linche's Poem collection entitled \"Diella. \" There is a great deal of similarity between sections of the Diella poem collection and Shakespeare's \"Sonnet 130\", for example in \"130\" we see, \"If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head,\" where in \"Diella\" we see \"Her hayre exceeds fold forced in the smallest wire.\" Each work uses a comparison of hairs to wires; while in modern sense this may seem unflattering, one could argue that Linche's work draws upon the beauty of weaving gold and that Shakespeare mocks this with harsh comparison. This, along with other similarities in textual content, leads, as E.G. Rogers points out, the critic to believe that Diella may have been the source of inspiration for both homage, by Watson's \"Passionate Century of Love,\" and satire by Shakespeare's \"Sonnet 130."], "answer": {"text": "The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy,", "answer_start": 940}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#2", "question": "was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was Shakespeare in Love successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Betting Bangaraju Betting Bangarraju is a 2010 Telugu film produced by Ramoji Rao under Ushakiran Movies starring Allari Naresh & Nidhi Subbaiah in the lead roles. The movie revolves around Naresh and his plans to make his love successful. Bangaru raju bets on almost everything , the movies shows how he wins his love by eliminating possible suitors. It is a social comedy based on the nuances of a chronic better, the hero. Bangarraju (Allari Naresh) is a carefree youth and a very lucky guy who is referred to as an idiot in his village, and who bets on almost everything and wins in the bet, whereas his father is a respectable person. One day, his friend visits him telling that he loved and married a city girl whereas this was not the actual story. Raju, inspired by this, goes to the city, loves a girl. But the girl already has three other suitors. She invites all of them to her house and family for they are going to choose her suitor. The rest of the story is about how Raju eliminates the other suitors by betting with them cleverly and winning the girl. It was one of the top 10 movies in Tollywood in 2010 year. It has collected 10 crores gross. The movie received many critical appreciations for Allari Naresh for his performance.", "J. C. Penney (which also owned a small store in downtown Janesville) agreed instead to fill the already-built Welles space, which was subsequently enlarged at J. C. Penney's request. Janesville Mall opened in September 1973, featuring the three anchor stores and 12 other tenants. Unlike nearby Beloit Plaza in Beloit, the newer mall was enclosed, and thus considered more desirable in Wisconsin's often cold climate. The remaining interior spaces of the mall soon filled up with national chain tenants. In 1985, Illinois-based Bergner's acquired the Boston Store chain and then re-branded the Charles V. Weise stores as Bergner's. Montgomery Ward closed its store at Janesville Mall in the 1980s, with Milwaukee-based Kohl's taking its place. Mall management undertook a multimillion-dollar remodeling in 1986, refinishing the mall courts with new flooring, new benches, and live fig trees. The nearby Beloit Plaza began losing stores because of competition from the upgraded Janesville Mall. When Bergner's declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1991, its store at Beloit Plaza was closed, and the Bergner's at Janesville Mall was re-branded to Boston Store. The mall was remodeled again in 1991, this time featuring a brighter, pastel-based color scheme; the fig trees were removed. Janesville Mall's management approached the Sears chain again in 1996 in a second attempt to bring a Sears anchor to the mall. This time, Sears was offered the opportunity to shutter its Beloit Plaza store in favor of a new store at Janesville Mall; various financial incentives, including tax breaks, were also part of this deal.", "Raattinam  Raattinam is a 2012 Tamil romantic drama film, directed by K.S.Thangasamy, starring Laguparan and Swathy. It is produced by S. Madhan and featured music composed by Manu Ramesan. \"Raattinam\" is set in the port city which forms the backdrop for his tale on love and its ramifications. Indiaglitz wrote:\"'Raatinam' is a movie that is entertaining and is an honest attempt\". Behindwoods wrote:\"Raattinam will stay in the minds of those who had struggled to make their love successful and it is not going to leave those who had failed to make their love successful\".", "Dham (film)  Dham (English: Power) is a 2003 Telugu Action film produced by Mohana Radha and Kishore Babu on Radaan Mediaworks Pvt Limited banner, presented by Raadhika and directed by Raju Voopati. Starring Jagapati Babu, Sonia Agarwal, Neha Mehta in the lead roles and music composed by Ramana Gogula. Rushi (Jagapati Babu) runs a yoga center, where he comes across 4 students who are best friends; to Chaitanya, Prasanth, Santosh, Vicky (Nandamuri Chaitanya Krishna, Anil, Ravitej, Vikram) respectively. Pooja (Sonia Agarwal) a girl student falls in love with Rushi. All of them get closer and becomes good friends to Rushi. Meanwhile, Rushi comes to known the 4 youngsters have separate love stories, which are unsuccessful due to various problems. Chaitanya is forcibly separated from his lover Radhika (Uma) by her father Satya (Satya Prakash), Santosh is rejected by his lover Sarada (Swapna Madhuri) a classical singer, because he is having stammering problem and Prasanth is hated by his lover Priya (Sony Raj) because he has cheated her by showcasing himself as sports champion. Rushi helps them out in resolving their problem and makes their love successful. In the process, they come to know about Rushi\u2019s past. Rushi is a hot-blooded angry young man in the past, who gets reacted for each every small bad deed, he falls in love with a girl Anjali (Neha Mehta). Anjali hates violence, but unknowingly she is a daughter of a mafia don Neelakantam (Avinash).", "Shanti (Shriya Sharma), his classmate, daughter of rich landlord Bhupati Raja (Aditya Menon) of the same village also studies in the same convent. Initially, their acquaintance begins with teasing & quarrel but slowly it turns into love. Upon knowing this Bhupati Raja strikes Samuel and also insults his father before everyone. Even then to make his son\u2019s love successful Samuel\u2019s father reaches Bhupati Raja with the marriage proposal, he agrees with it on one condition if Samuel acquires name & money. Now Samuel decides to become popular, he lands at Hyderabad where he meets film star Nagarjuna Akkineni and asks him to conduct the \"Champion of Champions\" program in his village. After some drama, makes him accept. Rest of the story is how Samuel becomes the winner in this challenge and gains his love with Nagarjuna's support & cooperation. Music composed by Roshan Saluri. Music released on ADITYA Music Company. The Audio launch held at N-Convention Centre, on 8 September 2016. Allu Aravind attended the function as chief guest, Nagarjuna Akkineni, Nimmagadda Prasad, Srikanth, Ooha, Koti, G. Naga Koteswara Rao, Roshan Saluri and several industry stalwarts have graced the occasion."], "answer": {"text": "An out-of-court settlement was reached but the sum agreed between the parties indicates that the claim was \"unwarranted\".", "answer_start": 1413}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a similarity?", "answer": {"text": "The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy,", "answer_start": 940, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#3", "question": "what was similar between the two?", "rewrite": "What was similar between Shakespeare in Love and The Quality of Mercy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Divine Mercy The Divine Mercy is a devotion to Jesus Christ associated with the apparitions of Jesus to Faustina Kowalska. The venerated image under this Christological title refers to what Kowalska's diary describes as \"God's loving mercy\" towards all people, especially for sinners. Kowalska was granted the title \"Secretary of Mercy\" by the Holy See in the Jubilee Year of 2000. Kowalska reported a number of apparitions during religious ecstasy which she wrote in her diary, later published as the book \"\". The two main themes of the devotion are to trust in Christ's endless goodness, and to show mercy to others acting as a conduit for God's love towards them. Pope John Paul II, a native of Poland, had great affinity towards this devotion and authorized it in the Liturgical Calendar of the Roman Catholic Church. The liturgical Feast of the Divine Mercy is celebrated on the first Sunday after Easter. Worshippers of the Divine Mercy commemorate the Hour of Mercy (3 PM), which according to Kowalska's diary is the time of the death of Jesus. Another very popular form of the devotion is the Chaplet of the Divine Mercy. Some members of the Anglican Communion also share its pious beliefs and devotions in an effort towards church renewal. The devotion is believed to be the preparation for the end time. The term and concept of divine mercy in Catholicism is from the Hebrew word chesed, which in the Bible can be translated as \"great mercy,\" \"goodness,\" \"loving-kindness, \"steadfast love,\" \"covenant faithfulness,\" \"favor,\" \"grace,\" or \"love and mercy,\" and which refers to God's love for the Children of Israel and for all of mankind.", "He sees in the Parable of the Prodigal Son () \"the essence of the divine mercy\". Having squandered his patrimony, justice would dictate that the prodigal should only expect to be received back as a hireling. The figure of the father is analogous to God as Father, who goes beyond the requirements of justice to welcome his son with compassion. The Catechism of the Catholic Church emphasizes the importance of the Works of Mercy (item 2447) and in Roman Catholic teachings, the mercy of God flows through the work of the Holy Spirit. Roman Catholic liturgy includes frequent references to mercy, e.g., as in \"Kyrie eleison, Christe eleison\": Lord have mercy, Christ have mercy. Mercy has also been an important subject of Christian iconography. Since the Middle Ages, many representations in art encouraged people to practice the works of mercy and, as the art historian Ralf van B\u00fchren explains using the example of Caravaggio, helped \"the audience to explore mercy in their own lives\". In the 20th century, there was new focus on mercy in the Roman Catholic Church, partly due to the Divine Mercy devotion. The primary focus of the Divine Mercy devotion is the merciful love of God and the desire to let that love and mercy flow through one's own heart towards those in need of it. Pope John Paul II was a follower of the Divine Mercy devotion, due to Saint Mary Faustina Kowalska (1905\u20131938), who is known as the \"Apostle of Mercy\". A number of Roman Catholic shrines are specifically dedicated to Divine Mercy, e.g. the Basilica of Divine Mercy in Krakow Poland, and the National Shrine of The Divine Mercy (Stockbridge, Massachusetts).", "The quality of mercy (Shakespeare quote) \"The quality of mercy\" is a soliloquy by Portia in William Shakespeare's \"The Merchant of Venice\"; it occurs during Act 4, Scene 1, set in a Venetian Court of Justice. It is the speech in which Portia begs Shylock for mercy. The speech is regarded as one of the great speeches in Shakespeare, and it is an example of the esteem Shakespeare held for those who showed mercy. The speech is regarded as one of the great speeches in Shakespeare and is made by Portia, disguised as young lawyer Balthazar, who speaks with heightened eloquence to beg Shylock for mercy after traveling from the fictional town of Belmont to Venice. Mercy and forgiveness are enduring themes that pervade Shakespeare's works. The quote is an example of the esteem Shakespeare held for those who showed mercy as expressed in his poetry. Shakespeare presented mercy as a quality most valuable to the most powerful, strongest and highest people in society. Professor Harold Fisch, formerly of Bar-Ilan University, argued that the words of \u201cMy doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew; as the small rain upon the tender grass, and as the showers upon the herb,\u201d were echoed in the first words of the speech, \u201cThe quality of mercy is not strained. / It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven / Upon the place beneath.\u201d All references to \"The Merchant of Venice\", unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Folger Shakespeare Library's \"Folger Digital Editions\" texts edited by Barbara Mowat, Paul Werstine, Michael Poston, and Rebecca Niles. Under their referencing system, 3.1.55 means act 3, scene 1, line 55.", "The primary focus of the Divine Mercy devotion is the merciful love of God and the desire to let that love and mercy flow through one's own heart towards those in need of it. As he dedicated the Shrine of Divine Mercy, John Paul II referred to this when he said: \"Apart from the mercy of God there is no other source of hope for mankind\". There are seven main forms of this devotion: As in the prayers that form the Chaplet of Divine Mercy, there are three main themes to the Divine Mercy devotion: to ask for and obtain the mercy of God, to trust in Christ's abundant mercy, and finally to show mercy to others and act as a conduit for God's mercy towards them. The first and second elements relate to the signature \" Jesus I trust in You\" on the Divine Mercy image and Kowalska stated that on April 28, 1935, the day the first Divine Mercy Sunday was celebrated, Jesus told her: \"Every soul believing and trusting in My Mercy will obtain it.\" The third component is reflected in the statement \"Call upon My mercy on behalf of sinners\" attributed to Jesus in Kowalska's diary (Notebook I, items 186-187). This statement is followed in the diary by a specific short prayer: \"O Blood and Water, which gushed forth from the Heart of Jesus as a fount of Mercy for us, I trust in You.\" which Kowalska also recommended for the Hour of Divine Mercy. In her diary (Notebook II, item 742) Kowalska wrote that Jesus told her: \"I demand from you deeds of mercy, which are to arise out of love for Me.\" and that he explained that there are three ways of exercising mercy toward your neighbor: the first-by deed, the second-by word, the third-by prayer.", "After the film's release, certain publications, including Private Eye, noted strong similarities between the film and the 1941 novel No Bed for Bacon, by Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon, which also features Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays. In a foreword to a subsequent edition of No Bed for Bacon (which traded on the association by declaring itself \"A Story of Shakespeare and Lady Viola in Love\") Ned Sherrin, Private Eye insider and former writing partner of Brahms', confirmed that he had lent a copy of the novel to Stoppard after he joined the writing team, but that the basic plot of the film had been independently developed by Marc Norman, who was unaware of the earlier work. The film's plot can claim a tradition in fiction reaching back to Alexandre Duval's \"Shakespeare amoureux ou la Piece a l'Etude\" (1804), in which Shakespeare falls in love with an actress who is playing Richard III. The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy, in which Shakespeare romances a Jewish woman who dresses as a man, and attempts to solve a murder. Miramax Films spokesman Andrew Stengel derided the claim, filed in the US District Court six days before the 1999 Academy Awards, as \"absurd\", and argued that the timing \"suggests a publicity stunt\". An out-of-court settlement was reached but the sum agreed between the parties indicates that the claim was \"unwarranted\"."], "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare romances a Jewish woman who dresses as a man, and attempts to solve a murder.", "answer_start": 1123}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a similarity?", "answer": {"text": "The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy,", "answer_start": 940, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "An out-of-court settlement was reached but the sum agreed between the parties indicates that the claim was \"unwarranted\".", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#4", "question": "anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Other than the similarity to The Quality of Mercy, is there anything else interesting about Shakespeare in Love?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "Though the two had attended the University of South Dakota at the same time, they had never met. Frantz continued to write until his death in 1993. In the 1950s, Yellow Robe appeared as a regular on NBC children's programs and was featured on Robert Montgomery Presents. In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national publicity tour for the movie \"\"Broken Arrow\". \" The movie, directed by Delmer Daves, starred James Stewart as Tom Jeffords, Jeff Chandler as Cochise and Jay Silverheels as Geronimo. The film is based on historical figures but fictionalizes their story in dramatized form. \" Broken Arrow\" was nominated for three Academy Awards, and won a Golden Globe award for \"Best Film Promoting International Understanding.\" Film historians reported that the movie was one of the first major Westerns since the Second World War to portray the Indians sympathetically. Rosebud was interviewed by newspapers during the tour and explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca. \" The Americans decided that she must be royalty, so they made her \"princess. \" It's an old English rather an old Indian custom.\" Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen and television to \"a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" Rosebud Yellow Robe authored two children's books. \u201d \"An Album of the American Indian\"\u201d, published in 1969, highlights centuries of Native American history depicting the daily lives of seven different Indian tribes prior to European contact.", "Sudden changes in the markets may also be announced throughout the game, giving the player the chance to make a quick profit. A reviewer for \"Next Generation\" focused on the lack of anything to do in the game besides bid for landing rights and choose cargo: \"No cut-throat strategy for undermining the competition's prices, no sabotage of trading routes, no space battles - not even the occasional price war.\" He recommended that players get \"much better\" business sims such as \"Transport Tycoon\" or \"Capitalism\" instead, and gave it 1 out of 5 stars. World Village (Gamer's Zone) wrote \"The plot was a little thin for my taste, but if reading the business section of the paper excites you, then this game would be a must for you. The main weakness that I see in this program is lack of originality. I see parts of Railroad Tycoon, Civilization, Sim City among others, as well as the obvious connection to Air bucks v1.2. Nothing wrong with recycling older programs, especially as hardware improvements allow the newer versions to make improvements on game performance. That is what happened with this game. Unfortunately, it has a rushed feeling and fails to capitalize on the improvements there were put in the game.\" \"Computer Gaming World\" said \"If you love to create ornate moving sculptures that generate endless money but do very little else interesting, then SPACE BUCKS will have some appeal for you. Set at its hardest level, the game offers two or three hours of challenge before your empire grows to the point that nothing can really harm it and you simply sit around absorbing planets from your competitors and doing more and more unwieldy upgrades to your entire fleet. Other than that, it is pretty to look at, but definitely no AIR BUCKS in Space.\"", "\"Broken Arrow\", however, is noteworthy for being one of the first post-war Westerns to portray Native Americans in a balanced, sympathetic way \u2013 although most of the Indians were played by white actors, with Brooklyn-born Jeff Chandler portraying Apache leader Cochise. An exception was that Native Canadian Mohawk actor Jay Silverheels was noted for his role as Geronimo in the film. Some scholars have said that the film appealed to an ideal of tolerance and racial equality that would influence later Westerns and indicate Hollywood's response to the Indian's evolving role in American society. \" Chronicle of the Cinema\" praised the film: \"Based on verifiable fact, it faithfully evokes the historical relationship between Cochise and Jeffords, marking a historical rehabilitation of Indians in the cinema.\" In 1950, Rosebud Yellow Robe, a Native American folklorist, educator, and author, was hired by Twentieth-Century Fox to undertake a national tour to promote the film. Rosebud explained that there were no such things as Indian princesses, and that the myth started when Pocahontas went to England and the English named her \"Lady Rebecca\". Rosebud voiced complaints about the portrayals of Indians on radio, screen, and television to \"... a new generation of children learning the old stereotypes about whooping, warring Indians, as if there weren't anything else interesting about us.\" The Apache Wedding Prayer was written for this movie. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:  \"Broken Arrow\" was dramatized as an hour-long radio play on January 22, 1951, starring Burt Lancaster and Debra Paget. It was also presented as a half-hour broadcast of \"Screen Director's Playhouse\" on September 7, 1951, with James Stewart and Jeff Chandler in their original film roles.", "The quality of mercy (Shakespeare quote) \"The quality of mercy\" is a soliloquy by Portia in William Shakespeare's \"The Merchant of Venice\"; it occurs during Act 4, Scene 1, set in a Venetian Court of Justice. It is the speech in which Portia begs Shylock for mercy. The speech is regarded as one of the great speeches in Shakespeare, and it is an example of the esteem Shakespeare held for those who showed mercy. The speech is regarded as one of the great speeches in Shakespeare and is made by Portia, disguised as young lawyer Balthazar, who speaks with heightened eloquence to beg Shylock for mercy after traveling from the fictional town of Belmont to Venice. Mercy and forgiveness are enduring themes that pervade Shakespeare's works. The quote is an example of the esteem Shakespeare held for those who showed mercy as expressed in his poetry. Shakespeare presented mercy as a quality most valuable to the most powerful, strongest and highest people in society. Professor Harold Fisch, formerly of Bar-Ilan University, argued that the words of \u201cMy doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew; as the small rain upon the tender grass, and as the showers upon the herb,\u201d were echoed in the first words of the speech, \u201cThe quality of mercy is not strained. / It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven / Upon the place beneath.\u201d All references to \"The Merchant of Venice\", unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Folger Shakespeare Library's \"Folger Digital Editions\" texts edited by Barbara Mowat, Paul Werstine, Michael Poston, and Rebecca Niles. Under their referencing system, 3.1.55 means act 3, scene 1, line 55."], "answer": {"text": "certain publications, including Private Eye, noted strong similarities between the film and the 1941 novel No Bed for Bacon, by Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon,", "answer_start": 26}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a similarity?", "answer": {"text": "The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy,", "answer_start": 940, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "An out-of-court settlement was reached but the sum agreed between the parties indicates that the claim was \"unwarranted\".", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was similar between the two?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare romances a Jewish woman who dresses as a man, and attempts to solve a murder.", "answer_start": 1123, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#5", "question": "Who wrote the novel?", "rewrite": "Who wrote the Shakespeare in Love novel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Maribo Cathedral Maribo Cathedral () is a Gothic cathedral church in Maribo on the island of Lolland in the southeast of Denmark. It was originally part of Maribo Abbey which was founded in the early 15th century. The chancel, the oldest section of the cathedral, probably dates from 1416. The plan of the church is unusual in that the chancel is at the west end of the building rather than the east as a result of the design instructions left by Saint Bridget. Maribo church was originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary and to Saint Bridget of Vadstena (1303\u20131373) founder of the Bridgettine order of nuns and monks. The church was built in the village of Skimminge (later renamed Maribo) in the early 15th century. It was Queen Margrethe I who provided land for a monastery to be built there, encouraged by her childhood tutor, M\u00e4rta (1319-1371), who was St. Bridget's daughter. In 1418, in connection with recognition of the monastery, the pope decreed that the town should be renamed the community of Mary (\"Habitaculum Mariae\") leading to the adoption of Danish Marienbo, later Maribo. A note from the journal of Vadstena Abbey, the mother church, states that monks left to found a monastery in Skimminge in 1416. After the Reformation in 1536, the monastery continued to exist but in 1556 was converted into a Protestant convent for young ladies. When the town's main church burnt down in 1596, the convent church became the parish church of Maribo. After the convent was finally demolished in 1621, ownership of the church was transferred to the town.", "Maribo Bryghus Maribo Bryghus is a Danish brewery located in the town of Maribo. The brewery was founded in 1895 by Christian J\u00f8rgensen as Thor Brewery (\"Thor Bryggeri\"). It was renamed ten years later to avoid confusion with the Thor Brewery in Randers. In 1997 Maribo Bryghus was acquired by Albani Brewery, which later merged with Bryggerigruppen, now Royal Unibrew. In 2007 it was decided to close the brewery in the first quarter of 2008. One of the reasons was the increase of the water price in Maribo. Maribo Bryghus was the discount brewery of Royal Unibrew. Production of the most famous Maribo beer brands has been moved to the Faxe Bryggeri in Fakse.", "Bleed screw A bleed screw is a device used to create a temporary opening in an otherwise closed hydraulic system, which facilitates the removal of air or another substance from the system by way of pressure and density differences. On a home radiator unit, the bleed screw can be opened, usually by means of a key, to allow unwanted air to escape from the unit. Bleed screws are also found on some pump types fulfilling a similar purpose. They are most often located at the top of the radiator on the side of the inflow pipe. The screw itself, usually a hexagonal or square knob, is inside a small round protrusion. The key looks similar to that used to wind a clock. It is inserted into the protrusion, mates with the bleed screw and turns it. Opening the bleed screw then allows air which has risen to the top of the radiator system (the top of the radiator itself) to escape and new water to take its place. Removing the air and allowing water to displace it makes the radiator work more efficiently since water conducts heat better than air. Engine cooling systems can also have bleed screws. They can take the form of a bolt with a hole through the middle that is threaded into a hole on the engine's cylinder head. This hole goes into the water jacket of the cylinder head. In other designs, the bleed screw is placed in the uppermost hose which leads to the heater core, i.e. at the highest point of the cooling system. When the bleed screw is loosened, antifreeze is added to the engine's cooling system and the increase in fluid pressure displaces air through the opened bleed screw. When liquid begins to flow out, all air has been removed from the system and the bleed screw is closed.", "Maribo Maribo is a town in Lolland municipality in Region Sj\u00e6lland on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. To the north of Maribo is \"N\u00f8rres\u00f8\" (\"The Northern Lake\" or \"Northern Maribo Lake\") and to the south is \"S\u00f8nders\u00f8\" (\"The Southern Lake\" or \"Southern Maribo Lake\"). \"S\u00f8nders\u00f8\" is the largest lake on Lolland. There are more islands in \"S\u00f8nders\u00f8\" than in any other lake in Denmark. These include the islands of Fruer\u00f8, Hest\u00f8, Pr\u00e6st\u00f8, Borg\u00f8, Lind\u00f8, Ask\u00f8 and Worsaaes. This is part of the Maribo Lakes Nature Park, which spans the towns of Maribo, Holeby, Saksk\u00f8bing and Nysted. The merchant town of Maribo is located centrally on Lolland. Its population is 5,830 (1 January 2019). It has, among other facilities, a gymnasium (highschool), an open-air museum and a cultural heritage museum. A brewery, \"Maribo Bryghus\" used to be located in the town, but it was closed down in 2008 by its owner, Unibrew. Beer labeled \"Maribo \u00d8l\" is still available, but it is brewed elsewhere. Saint Birgitta (1303\u20131373), also known as Birgitta of Vadstena, has cast her shadow on this municipality, and is shown on the municipality's coat-of-arms. Her order established the Bridgettine Order's cloister in Maribo, when in 1416 monks from Vadstena cloister were sent to Maribo, then called Skimminge, to help establish a cloister.", "Bandholm  Bandholm is a small port town and parish on the coast of northern Lolland, Region Zealand, Denmark. On 1 January 2019 it had a population of 530, and is located to the northwest of Knuthenborg Safari Park and Maribo. From Bandholm there is ferry service to Ask\u00f8 and rail link to Maribo, north of Maribo. Stokkemarke is its west and \u00d8stofte Parish forms its southwest border. It is served by Bandholm Station. The Maribo-to-Bandholm rail branch is operated by the Museumsbanen Maribo-Bandholm as a preserved railway. In the 1800s, Bandholm was known for a major cholera epidemic, where the fight was led by Peter Ludvig Panum in 1853. Bandholm has a history going back thousands of years as can be seen from the burial mounds from the Bronze Age in the immediate neighborhood. The port seems to have been used for centuries for ships with supplies for Maribo Abbey. The area then developed with warehouses and storage facilities for goods to be sent to Maribo and R\u00f8dby. At that time it was known as Bandholm Toldsted (Bandholm Customs Point). Initially, in view of the shallow depth of the inlet, goods had to be taken out to the sailing ships by barge but in 1834 a small jetty was built to facilitate mooring. In the early 1840s, the channel was deepened to , allowing larger ships to enter the port which was soon equipped with quays. The facilities grew further with the arrival of steamships bringing corn and other foodstuffs to be transported to Maribo. The traffic intensified with the railway from Maribo to Bandholm in 1870."], "answer": {"text": "Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon,", "answer_start": 154}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a similarity?", "answer": {"text": "The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy,", "answer_start": 940, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "An out-of-court settlement was reached but the sum agreed between the parties indicates that the claim was \"unwarranted\".", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was similar between the two?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare romances a Jewish woman who dresses as a man, and attempts to solve a murder.", "answer_start": 1123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "certain publications, including Private Eye, noted strong similarities between the film and the 1941 novel No Bed for Bacon, by Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#6", "question": "what were the similarities", "rewrite": "What were the similarities between the Shakespeare in Love movie and the novel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Movie Love Movie Love (1991) is the tenth and last collection of film reviews by the critic Pauline Kael and covers the period from October 1988 to March 1991, when she chose to retire from her regular film reviewing duties at \"The New Yorker\". In the \"Author's Note\" that begins the anthology, Kael writes that this period had \"not been a time of great moviemaking fervor\", but \"what has been sustaining is that there is so much to love in movies besides great moviemaking.\" She reviews 85 films in this final collection. She gives rich praise to directors and performers she admires - in this collection for example, Pedro Almod\u00f3var; 'Generalissimo Francisco Franco kept the lid on Spain for 36 years; he died in 1975 and Almod\u00f3var is part of what jumped out of the box. The most original pop writer-director of the 1980s; he's Jean-Luc Godard with a human face - a happy face.' And Chet Baker in \" Let's Get Lost\"; \" He's singing a torch song after the flame is gone; he's selling the romance of burnout. \" Perhaps pre-eminently in this collection she praises Brian De Palma's \"Casualties of War\"; \"Some movies - \"La Grande Illusion\", and \"Shoeshine\" come to mind, - can affect us in more direct, emotional ways than simple entertainment movies. They have more imagination, more poetry, more intensity than the usual fare; they have themes, and a vision. \"Casualties of War\" has this kind of purity. \" And she's cool to what she regards as second rate - \"Field of Dreams\", for example, - 'That the film is sincere doesn't mean it's not manipulative.' Or \"The Rainbow\": \"", "At the height of her popularity in 1997, however, she called it quits and retired from the industry to start an image consultant business with her Singaporean lawyer-boyfriend in Malaysia. In 2004, after a failed relationship and business, she made her comeback as the lead actress in Jackie Chan's \"New Police Story\". Following that, she collaborated once again with Tsui Hark in the martial arts movie \"Seven Swords\" and starred alongside Andy Lau in the love movie \"All About Love\". She later co-starred in the film \"After This Our Exile\" opposite Aaron Kwok. She has made plans to appear in a sequel to \"Seven Swords\". She also played the deaf love interest to Nicolas Cage in \"Bangkok Dangerous\". In 2006, Yeung and her friends Valen Hsu, Gigi Leung and Angelica Lee, formed \"Hope Foundation\", a non-profit organization to help children in need, and later formed \"Save-a-Smile\". Yeung met her boyfriend, a Singaporean lawyer Khoo Shao Tze in 1993, but split up in 2004 for a period of time. They reportedly got back together in 2011. Yeung and Khoo were married on 2 November 2013. In early January 2017, she and Khoo announced that they are expecting. On 27 April 2017, Charlie gave birth to twin boys.", "Golu Hadawatha Golu Hadawatha (Translation: The Silent Heart) was a popular 1968 Sinhalese language romance movie directed by Maestro Lester James Peiris. Wickrama Bogoda and Anula Karunathilake acted the lead roles of Sugath and Dhammhi. The movie's story is built on the novel Golu Hadawatha written by Karunasena Jayalath in 1962, based on his school time experiences and memories. Regi Siriwardena wrote the screenplay and Veteran Sinhala musician Premasiri Khemadasa composed the music. Golu Hadawatha is acclaimed as a movie that set a milestone in Sinhala moviemaking. It introduced a new cinematic format to the romance and love movie genre. The movie departs from the then traditional movie style; no hero, heroine, (\"Boy\" and \"Girl\") no enemy or villain, Joker, no songs, and fights etc. Based on a romantic and emotional attachment between a teenage boy and a girl who study in the same class of their school, Golu Hadawatha is regarded as one of the landmarks in Sri Lankan Cinema. It was awarded the Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress of the year at the prestigious Sarasaviya Awards Festival. The film, which depicts the love affair between two school going teenagers, created a sensation among Sri Lankan film lovers, both young and old, and is considered a landmark in the history of Sri Lankan cinema. The original script was being written by Piyasiri Gunaratne and Karunasena Jayalath. Before being finished, Piyasiri Gunaratna casually mentioned he was working on the script to Lester James Peiris. A few weeks later, the newspapers announced Lester James Peiris was about to shoot the film.", "Keka (film) Keka is a 2008 love movie produced and directed by Teja. It's a different love story with a Kolkata backdrop. Veteran lyricist Sirivennela Sitaramasastri's younger son Raja made debut as a hero in this movie. Arjun (Raja) is a student and he meets a young beauty Sujata (Ishana) in a village. Both of them hail from Hyderabad but they come to this village on holidays where their grandparents live. After an incident, Sujata's grandparents take to her to the city where her parents fix marriage with a rich guy Kiran (Anup) who happens to be Arjun's best friend. Now all these three land in same college and love between Arjun and Sujata blossoms again. When Arjun tells Kiran that he is in love with Sujata, the latter readily sacrifices for their friendship. The movie concludes with a major twist ending. The film failed miserably at the box office. Many expected it to be a turning point in director Teja's career but instead it became the biggest flop in his career. Hero Raja was fully criticized and was barely noticed.", "It is performed by talented, sophisticated people who adopt the faux-naif gestures of an earlier show-biz tradition, and though it is expensive, it sounds peculiarly tacky... the film has the air of an operetta from which the music has been removed. It's even acted that way... Because \"A Matter of Time\" has moments of real visual beauty, and because what the characters say to each other is mostly dumb, it may be a film to attend while wearing your earplugs.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" called it \"a fairly large disappointment as a movie, but as an occasion for reverie, it does very nicely. Once we've finally given up on the plot \u2013 a meandering and jumbled business \u2013 we're left with the opportunity to contemplate Ingrid Bergman at 60. And to contemplate Ingrid Bergman at any age is, I submit, a passable way to spend one's time... she possesses a radiant screen personality...for people who love movie romance, \"A Matter of Time\" must have seemed like a dream project. And yet the movie just doesn't hold together.\" In \"Time\", Jay Cocks wrote \"It makes for an awkward occasion: a group of gifted people working so far below their best talents that everything takes on the giddy air of a runaway charade... the movie could have worked with hard effort and a little magic, but something has gone terribly wrong. Director Minnelli's once wondrous alchemy turns everything to lead. The movie is disjointed, sappy, hysterical; and the actors, perhaps sensing trouble, press on with painful, overbearing desperation... \"A"], "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a similarity?", "answer": {"text": "The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy,", "answer_start": 940, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "An out-of-court settlement was reached but the sum agreed between the parties indicates that the claim was \"unwarranted\".", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was similar between the two?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare romances a Jewish woman who dresses as a man, and attempts to solve a murder.", "answer_start": 1123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "certain publications, including Private Eye, noted strong similarities between the film and the 1941 novel No Bed for Bacon, by Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who wrote the novel?", "answer": {"text": "Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon,", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6622471a2bcf4cbba7f1a9bf30de02e0_0_q#7", "question": "was there a lawsuit from the authors?", "rewrite": "Was there a lawsuit from the authors of the Shakespeare in Love novel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Maribo Maribo is a town in Lolland municipality in Region Sj\u00e6lland on the island of Lolland in south Denmark. To the north of Maribo is \"N\u00f8rres\u00f8\" (\"The Northern Lake\" or \"Northern Maribo Lake\") and to the south is \"S\u00f8nders\u00f8\" (\"The Southern Lake\" or \"Southern Maribo Lake\"). \"S\u00f8nders\u00f8\" is the largest lake on Lolland. There are more islands in \"S\u00f8nders\u00f8\" than in any other lake in Denmark. These include the islands of Fruer\u00f8, Hest\u00f8, Pr\u00e6st\u00f8, Borg\u00f8, Lind\u00f8, Ask\u00f8 and Worsaaes. This is part of the Maribo Lakes Nature Park, which spans the towns of Maribo, Holeby, Saksk\u00f8bing and Nysted. The merchant town of Maribo is located centrally on Lolland. Its population is 5,830 (1 January 2019). It has, among other facilities, a gymnasium (highschool), an open-air museum and a cultural heritage museum. A brewery, \"Maribo Bryghus\" used to be located in the town, but it was closed down in 2008 by its owner, Unibrew. Beer labeled \"Maribo \u00d8l\" is still available, but it is brewed elsewhere. Saint Birgitta (1303\u20131373), also known as Birgitta of Vadstena, has cast her shadow on this municipality, and is shown on the municipality's coat-of-arms. Her order established the Bridgettine Order's cloister in Maribo, when in 1416 monks from Vadstena cloister were sent to Maribo, then called Skimminge, to help establish a cloister.", "Maribo Cathedral Maribo Cathedral () is a Gothic cathedral church in Maribo on the island of Lolland in the southeast of Denmark. It was originally part of Maribo Abbey which was founded in the early 15th century. The chancel, the oldest section of the cathedral, probably dates from 1416. The plan of the church is unusual in that the chancel is at the west end of the building rather than the east as a result of the design instructions left by Saint Bridget. Maribo church was originally dedicated to the Virgin Mary and to Saint Bridget of Vadstena (1303\u20131373) founder of the Bridgettine order of nuns and monks. The church was built in the village of Skimminge (later renamed Maribo) in the early 15th century. It was Queen Margrethe I who provided land for a monastery to be built there, encouraged by her childhood tutor, M\u00e4rta (1319-1371), who was St. Bridget's daughter. In 1418, in connection with recognition of the monastery, the pope decreed that the town should be renamed the community of Mary (\"Habitaculum Mariae\") leading to the adoption of Danish Marienbo, later Maribo. A note from the journal of Vadstena Abbey, the mother church, states that monks left to found a monastery in Skimminge in 1416. After the Reformation in 1536, the monastery continued to exist but in 1556 was converted into a Protestant convent for young ladies. When the town's main church burnt down in 1596, the convent church became the parish church of Maribo. After the convent was finally demolished in 1621, ownership of the church was transferred to the town.", "Maribo Bryghus Maribo Bryghus is a Danish brewery located in the town of Maribo. The brewery was founded in 1895 by Christian J\u00f8rgensen as Thor Brewery (\"Thor Bryggeri\"). It was renamed ten years later to avoid confusion with the Thor Brewery in Randers. In 1997 Maribo Bryghus was acquired by Albani Brewery, which later merged with Bryggerigruppen, now Royal Unibrew. In 2007 it was decided to close the brewery in the first quarter of 2008. One of the reasons was the increase of the water price in Maribo. Maribo Bryghus was the discount brewery of Royal Unibrew. Production of the most famous Maribo beer brands has been moved to the Faxe Bryggeri in Fakse.", "Bandholm  Bandholm is a small port town and parish on the coast of northern Lolland, Region Zealand, Denmark. On 1 January 2019 it had a population of 530, and is located to the northwest of Knuthenborg Safari Park and Maribo. From Bandholm there is ferry service to Ask\u00f8 and rail link to Maribo, north of Maribo. Stokkemarke is its west and \u00d8stofte Parish forms its southwest border. It is served by Bandholm Station. The Maribo-to-Bandholm rail branch is operated by the Museumsbanen Maribo-Bandholm as a preserved railway. In the 1800s, Bandholm was known for a major cholera epidemic, where the fight was led by Peter Ludvig Panum in 1853. Bandholm has a history going back thousands of years as can be seen from the burial mounds from the Bronze Age in the immediate neighborhood. The port seems to have been used for centuries for ships with supplies for Maribo Abbey. The area then developed with warehouses and storage facilities for goods to be sent to Maribo and R\u00f8dby. At that time it was known as Bandholm Toldsted (Bandholm Customs Point). Initially, in view of the shallow depth of the inlet, goods had to be taken out to the sailing ships by barge but in 1834 a small jetty was built to facilitate mooring. In the early 1840s, the channel was deepened to , allowing larger ships to enter the port which was soon equipped with quays. The facilities grew further with the arrival of steamships bringing corn and other foodstuffs to be transported to Maribo. The traffic intensified with the railway from Maribo to Bandholm in 1870.", "Bleed screw A bleed screw is a device used to create a temporary opening in an otherwise closed hydraulic system, which facilitates the removal of air or another substance from the system by way of pressure and density differences. On a home radiator unit, the bleed screw can be opened, usually by means of a key, to allow unwanted air to escape from the unit. Bleed screws are also found on some pump types fulfilling a similar purpose. They are most often located at the top of the radiator on the side of the inflow pipe. The screw itself, usually a hexagonal or square knob, is inside a small round protrusion. The key looks similar to that used to wind a clock. It is inserted into the protrusion, mates with the bleed screw and turns it. Opening the bleed screw then allows air which has risen to the top of the radiator system (the top of the radiator itself) to escape and new water to take its place. Removing the air and allowing water to displace it makes the radiator work more efficiently since water conducts heat better than air. Engine cooling systems can also have bleed screws. They can take the form of a bolt with a hole through the middle that is threaded into a hole on the engine's cylinder head. This hole goes into the water jacket of the cylinder head. In other designs, the bleed screw is placed in the uppermost hose which leads to the heater core, i.e. at the highest point of the cooling system. When the bleed screw is loosened, antifreeze is added to the engine's cooling system and the increase in fluid pressure displaces air through the opened bleed screw. When liquid begins to flow out, all air has been removed from the system and the bleed screw is closed."], "answer": {"text": "a copy of the novel to Stoppard after he joined the writing team, but that the basic plot of the film had been independently developed by Marc Norman,", "answer_start": 536}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was something important from the Shakespeare in Love plot?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is a similarity?", "answer": {"text": "The writers of Shakespeare in Love were sued in 1999 by bestselling author Faye Kellerman. She claimed that the plotline was stolen from her 1989 novel The Quality of Mercy,", "answer_start": 940, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "An out-of-court settlement was reached but the sum agreed between the parties indicates that the claim was \"unwarranted\".", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was similar between the two?", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare romances a Jewish woman who dresses as a man, and attempts to solve a murder.", "answer_start": 1123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "certain publications, including Private Eye, noted strong similarities between the film and the 1941 novel No Bed for Bacon, by Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who wrote the novel?", "answer": {"text": "Caryl Brahms and S. J. Simon,", "answer_start": 154, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were the similarities", "answer": {"text": "Shakespeare falling in love and finding inspiration for his later plays.", "answer_start": 204, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Moral Landscape The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values is a 2010 book by Sam Harris, in which the author promotes a science of morality and argues that many thinkers have long confused the relationship between morality, facts, and science. He aims to carve a third path between secularists who say morality is subjective (e.g. moral relativists), and religionists who say that morality is given by God and scripture. Harris contends that the only moral framework worth talking about is one where \"morally good\" things pertain to increases in the \"well-being of conscious creatures\". He then argues that, problems with philosophy of science and reason in general notwithstanding, 'moral questions' will have objectively right and wrong answers which are grounded in empirical facts about what causes people to flourish. Challenging the traditional philosophical notion that humans can never get an 'ought' from an 'is' (the so-called Hume's law), Harris argues that moral questions are best pursued using not just philosophy, but the methods of science. Thus, \"science can determine human values\" translates to \"science can tell us which values lead to human flourishing\". It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of \"morality\". Publication of the book followed Harris's 2009 receipt of a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles with a similarly titled thesis: \" The moral landscape: How science could determine human values\". Sam Harris's case starts with two premises: \"(1) some people have better lives than others, and (2) these differences are related, in some lawful and not entirely arbitrary way, to states of the human brain and to states of the world\".", "Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:", "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self.", "After the battle of Vittoria, at which he was not present, he collected 20,000 troops of different divisions at Bergana, and had some success in skirmishes with the Spanish corps forming the left wing of the allied army. He arrived at Tolosa about the same time as Lieut-Gen Thomas Graham. After a sanguinary contest in that town, retreated upon Irun, from which he was quickly dislodged, and finally recrossed the Bidassoa River. Foy commanded a division in Marshal Soult's army during the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813. After Soult's defeat at Sorauren, Foy saved his division and parts of other commands by retreating northeast over the Roncesvalles Pass. In the Battle of the Nive on 9 December 1813 and the Battle of St. Pierre d'Irrube on the 13th, Foy distinguished himself. In the hard fought Battle of Orthez, on 27 February 1814, he was left apparently dead on the field. Before this period he had been made count of the empire, and Commander of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur. In March 1815, he was appointed inspector general of the fourteenth military division, but on the return of Napoleon, during the Hundred Days, he embraced the cause of the emperor. Foy commanded a division of infantry in the battles of Quatre Bras and Waterloo, at the last of which he received his fifteenth wound. This terminated his military career. In 1819, he was elected a member of the Chamber of Deputies, the duties of which he discharged until his death in November 1825; and from his first entrance into the chamber, was distinguished for his eloquence, and quickly became the acknowledged leader of the opposition. Before his death he wrote a history of the Peninsular War.", "Annaka Harris Annaka Harris is an editor, consultant to science writers and author of the \"New York Times\" bestseller \" Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. \" Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit scientific education group Project Reason in 2007. She was the editor of the 2011 long-form essay and book \"Lying\" by her husband Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 Children's book \"I Wonder\" and the 2019 \"New York Times\" bestselling science book \"Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind.\" Key subjects of \"Conscious\" include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to neuroscientist, philosopher and author Sam Harris since 2004. They have two daughters."], "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#1", "question": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Moral Landscape The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values is a 2010 book by Sam Harris, in which the author promotes a science of morality and argues that many thinkers have long confused the relationship between morality, facts, and science. He aims to carve a third path between secularists who say morality is subjective (e.g. moral relativists), and religionists who say that morality is given by God and scripture. Harris contends that the only moral framework worth talking about is one where \"morally good\" things pertain to increases in the \"well-being of conscious creatures\". He then argues that, problems with philosophy of science and reason in general notwithstanding, 'moral questions' will have objectively right and wrong answers which are grounded in empirical facts about what causes people to flourish. Challenging the traditional philosophical notion that humans can never get an 'ought' from an 'is' (the so-called Hume's law), Harris argues that moral questions are best pursued using not just philosophy, but the methods of science. Thus, \"science can determine human values\" translates to \"science can tell us which values lead to human flourishing\". It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of \"morality\". Publication of the book followed Harris's 2009 receipt of a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles with a similarly titled thesis: \" The moral landscape: How science could determine human values\". Sam Harris's case starts with two premises: \"(1) some people have better lives than others, and (2) these differences are related, in some lawful and not entirely arbitrary way, to states of the human brain and to states of the world\".", "Annaka Harris Annaka Harris is an editor, consultant to science writers and author of the \"New York Times\" bestseller \" Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. \" Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit scientific education group Project Reason in 2007. She was the editor of the 2011 long-form essay and book \"Lying\" by her husband Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 Children's book \"I Wonder\" and the 2019 \"New York Times\" bestselling science book \"Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind.\" Key subjects of \"Conscious\" include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to neuroscientist, philosopher and author Sam Harris since 2004. They have two daughters.", "Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:", "Edna Mae Harris Edna Mae Harris (September 29, 1914 \u2013 September 15, 1997), sometimes credited as Edna May Harris was an American actress and singer. Harris was one of the premier African\u2013American film actress of the late 1930s and early 1940s, appearing in films featuring mostly African\u2013American casts. Born in Harlem, Harris parents were Sam, a boxer and customs inspector; Her mother Mary Harris (n\u00e9e Walker) worked as a maid. Harris' family is noted as one of the first families to have migrated to Harlem. Settling near the Lafayette Theater, Harris was convinced into pursuing a career in show business by Ethel Waters and Maud Russell who were frequent visitors to her family home. After being coached on her singing and dancing by Waters and Russell, Harris began performing in the Theater Owners Booking Association (TOBA). An African-American vaudeville circuit, Harris performed with TOBA from 1929 until 1933. Harris attended Wadleigh High School (later known as Wadleigh High School for Girls) in Manhattan. During the summer after her sophomore year of high school, Harris worked at the Alhambra Theater doing dramatic sketches with a stock company. During this period, Harris received excellent training in diction and stage delivery through her association with veteran performers. Harris was also an excellent swimmer in high school, and in 1928 she entered the New York Daily News' Swimming Meet and won a championship. Harris first real Hollywood break came when she landed a part in \"The Green Pastures\" (1936), portraying Zeba, starring with Eddie 'Rochester' Anderson. Harris was a leading lady in \"Spirit of Youth\" (1938), the story of the rise of boxer Joe Thomas, which paralleled the life of Joe Louis. Harris also had leading roles in Oscar Micheaux films, \"Lying Lips\" (1939), and \"The Notorious Elinor Lee\" (1940).", "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self."], "answer": {"text": "actor Berkeley Harris and TV producer Susan Harris", "answer_start": 60}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#2", "question": "When was Sam Harris born?", "rewrite": "When was Sam Harris born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self.", "Annaka Harris Annaka Harris is an editor, consultant to science writers and author of the \"New York Times\" bestseller \" Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. \" Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit scientific education group Project Reason in 2007. She was the editor of the 2011 long-form essay and book \"Lying\" by her husband Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 Children's book \"I Wonder\" and the 2019 \"New York Times\" bestselling science book \"Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind.\" Key subjects of \"Conscious\" include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to neuroscientist, philosopher and author Sam Harris since 2004. They have two daughters.", "Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:", "The Way I Rock My Clothes\" was well received by critics and has since garnered mix show airplay on FM stations across the United States. On July 1, 2009, Funkghost released the single and video for \"Vintage Futuristic\". The song was produced by Australian hip hop producer M-Phazes. \" Vintage Futuristic\" spawned several remixes and again, was well received by critics. On April 19, 2010, Funkghost released the single and music video for \"I'm Your DJ\". The song was produced, written, arranged and performed by Funkghost. Although a critical success, \"I'm Your DJ\" was not a significant commercial success. On September 5, 2010, Funkghost teamed up with music video director Jason Colvin (who directed his \"I'm Your DJ\" Music Video) and released a short film to his song \" As Long As You Rock\". The song \" As Long As You Rock\" again was produced, written, arranged and performed by Funkghost. On October 31, 2014 Funkghost released his second full- length studio album entitled Caviar Taste. Funkghost has two daughters. Lilani Zen Mendoza-Harris born on October 30, 2013 and Anastazia Isley Mendoza-Harris born July 10, 2018. St. Petersburg Times, published March 31, 2000 Author: MICHAEL PATRICK WELCH Published Date: Dec 22, 1999", "The Moral Landscape The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values is a 2010 book by Sam Harris, in which the author promotes a science of morality and argues that many thinkers have long confused the relationship between morality, facts, and science. He aims to carve a third path between secularists who say morality is subjective (e.g. moral relativists), and religionists who say that morality is given by God and scripture. Harris contends that the only moral framework worth talking about is one where \"morally good\" things pertain to increases in the \"well-being of conscious creatures\". He then argues that, problems with philosophy of science and reason in general notwithstanding, 'moral questions' will have objectively right and wrong answers which are grounded in empirical facts about what causes people to flourish. Challenging the traditional philosophical notion that humans can never get an 'ought' from an 'is' (the so-called Hume's law), Harris argues that moral questions are best pursued using not just philosophy, but the methods of science. Thus, \"science can determine human values\" translates to \"science can tell us which values lead to human flourishing\". It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of \"morality\". Publication of the book followed Harris's 2009 receipt of a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles with a similarly titled thesis: \" The moral landscape: How science could determine human values\". Sam Harris's case starts with two premises: \"(1) some people have better lives than others, and (2) these differences are related, in some lawful and not entirely arbitrary way, to states of the human brain and to states of the world\"."], "answer": {"text": "April 9, 1967", "answer_start": 19}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "answer": {"text": "actor Berkeley Harris and TV producer Susan Harris", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#3", "question": "Did Sam Harris have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Sam Harris have any siblings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Moral Landscape The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values is a 2010 book by Sam Harris, in which the author promotes a science of morality and argues that many thinkers have long confused the relationship between morality, facts, and science. He aims to carve a third path between secularists who say morality is subjective (e.g. moral relativists), and religionists who say that morality is given by God and scripture. Harris contends that the only moral framework worth talking about is one where \"morally good\" things pertain to increases in the \"well-being of conscious creatures\". He then argues that, problems with philosophy of science and reason in general notwithstanding, 'moral questions' will have objectively right and wrong answers which are grounded in empirical facts about what causes people to flourish. Challenging the traditional philosophical notion that humans can never get an 'ought' from an 'is' (the so-called Hume's law), Harris argues that moral questions are best pursued using not just philosophy, but the methods of science. Thus, \"science can determine human values\" translates to \"science can tell us which values lead to human flourishing\". It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of \"morality\". Publication of the book followed Harris's 2009 receipt of a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles with a similarly titled thesis: \" The moral landscape: How science could determine human values\". Sam Harris's case starts with two premises: \"(1) some people have better lives than others, and (2) these differences are related, in some lawful and not entirely arbitrary way, to states of the human brain and to states of the world\".", "Annaka Harris Annaka Harris is an editor, consultant to science writers and author of the \"New York Times\" bestseller \" Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. \" Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit scientific education group Project Reason in 2007. She was the editor of the 2011 long-form essay and book \"Lying\" by her husband Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 Children's book \"I Wonder\" and the 2019 \"New York Times\" bestselling science book \"Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind.\" Key subjects of \"Conscious\" include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to neuroscientist, philosopher and author Sam Harris since 2004. They have two daughters.", "Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:", "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self.", "Weinberg went on to say: \"Now, Sam Harris is aware of this kind of counter argument [to utilitarianism], and says it's not happiness, it's human welfare. Well, as you make things vaguer and vaguer, of course, it becomes harder and harder to say it doesn't fit your own moral feelings, but it also becomes less and less useful as a means of making moral judgements. You could take that to the extreme and make up some nonsense word and say that's the important thing and no one could refute it, but it wouldn't be very helpful. I regard human welfare and the way Sam Harris refers to it as sort of halfway in that direction to absolute nonsense.\" A few months after the book's release, Harris wrote a follow-up at \"The Huffington Post\" responding to his critics. On August 31, 2013, in response to the negative reviews of his book, Harris issued a public challenge for anyone to write an essay of less than 1,000 words rebutting the \"central argument\" of the book. The submissions were vetted by Russell Blackford, with the author of the essay judged best to receive $2,000, or $20,000 if they succeeded in changing Harris's mind. Four hundred and twenty-four essays were received by the deadline. On March 11, 2014, Blackford announced the winning essay was written by philosophy instructor Ryan Born."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "answer": {"text": "actor Berkeley Harris and TV producer Susan Harris", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Sam Harris born?", "answer": {"text": "April 9, 1967", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#4", "question": "Where did Sam Harris go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Sam Harris go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self.", "Annaka Harris Annaka Harris is an editor, consultant to science writers and author of the \"New York Times\" bestseller \" Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. \" Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit scientific education group Project Reason in 2007. She was the editor of the 2011 long-form essay and book \"Lying\" by her husband Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 Children's book \"I Wonder\" and the 2019 \"New York Times\" bestselling science book \"Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind.\" Key subjects of \"Conscious\" include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to neuroscientist, philosopher and author Sam Harris since 2004. They have two daughters.", "A Storm in a Teacup \"A Storm in a Teacup\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom Porridge. It aired on 18 February 1977. In this episode, Fletcher is tasked by Grouty to replace a bottle of pills Harris stole. But there is a surprise for Fletcher in his teacup. The episode opens in Fletcher\u2019s cell where he is reading the book Mandingo. Warren and McLaren interrupt him. Fletcher leaves his cell and goes downstairs in an attempt to get peace to read. Unfortunately, Fletcher is interrupted again by Mr Mackay shouting at Harris on the landing. Harris has his arm in a sling, but Mackay believes he stole pills from the medical officer. As Mackay is frisking Harris, the pills fall out of Harris\u2019 trouser leg and lands in Fletcher\u2019s tea. Later, Fletcher returns to his cell where he discusses Harris\u2019 predicament with Godber. Fletcher makes it clear to Godber that he does not stand for drugs. After Mackay fails to find any pills on Harris, he is forced to let Harris go. Harris is smug until dragged into Harry Grout\u2019s cell. Grouty interrogates Harris over the pills incident, but Harris denies taking them. Grouty responds by grabbing Harris\u2019 sore arm causing him to scream in pain. Grouty and his henchman Crusher confront Fletcher over the missing pills. Harris told Grouty that he dropped the pills off the landing to where Fletcher and Lukewarm were sitting at the time. Grouty knows that Lukewarm wouldn\u2019t have anything to do with drugs, so Fletcher is the prime suspect. Grouty wants the pills returned to the M.O. (Medical Officer, i.e. the prison doctor) as it is interfering with his own pill peddling operation.", "Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:", "In fact, Harris had told the corporal that the whole thing was a gag. Loggins is furious when he hears this. Thereafter, the Colonel tells Loggins that Headquarters has approved the covert operation of Loggins with Harris as his radioman\u2014Loggins asks for a few hours leave for both of them to take care of some important personal matters in Nice, to which the Colonel agrees. Loggins and Harris go to the Blair mansion, and Loggins forces Harris to admit to Monique that Harris is not going to marry her. Monique runs away in tears. Harris tries to explain himself to Loggins (\"it was a kick\"), and Loggins punches him out. Loggins then goes out to find Monique. It turns out she had tried to drown herself, but a fisherman fished her out of the water while she was still alive. Loggins tries to talk to her, but she doesn't want to talk to him. Back at the US Army base, Loggins and Harris prepare for their mission. Soon after leaving, Loggins tells Harris he is going to kill him. Harris responds that reaction \"works both ways\". They eye each other suspiciously and cautiously. However, Loggins clarifies that Harris won't 'get it in the back'. On the mission, they encounter and kill a German soldier together. The duo establishes themselves at 2 AM in the church tower, calls in, and reports their observations, especially that a hidden section of the village contains an enormous German artillery/ammo dump. Loggins sends an order back to the base to begin a bombardment at 4 AM that will certainly destroy most of the village. They leave the tower, and are soon discovered by a German patrol. Harris is shot by the Germans and dies after Loggins drags him out of the line of fire, but Loggins is pinned down."], "answer": {"text": "Stanford University", "answer_start": 623}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "answer": {"text": "actor Berkeley Harris and TV producer Susan Harris", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Sam Harris born?", "answer": {"text": "April 9, 1967", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Sam Harris have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#5", "question": "Did Sam Harris graduate?", "rewrite": "Did Sam Harris graduate from Stanford University?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:", "Laurence Lynn Jr. Laurence E. Lynn Jr. (born June 10, 1937) is the Sid Richardson Research Professor at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin and Professor of Public Management at the University of Manchester's Business School. From 2002-2007, he was the George H. W. Bush Chair and Professor of Public Affairs at the George Bush School of Government and Public Service, Texas A&M University. He is sometimes referred to as the \"Godfather of Public Management\", as his contributions to academia and publications are often cited. Lynn received an AB in economics from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in economics from Yale University. Lynn is also the Sydney Stein Jr., Professor of Public Management Emeritus in the Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies and the School of Social Service Administration (SSA) at the University of Chicago, where he was a member of the faculty from 1983 until 2002 and Dean of SSA from 1983 until 1988. Lynn is a former professor of public policy and chairman of the Public Policy Program at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He has also served on the faculty of the Business School at Stanford University. He has served as a deputy assistant secretary of defense; director of program analysis at the U.S. National Security Council; assistant secretary, Department of Health, Education and Welfare; and assistant secretary, Department of the Interior. His most recent book, co-authored with Carolyn J. Hill of Georgetown University's Public Policy Institute, is a textbook, Public Management: A Three-Dimensional Approach, published in 2008. Lynn is married to Patricia R. Lynn, with whom he has a daughter, Kathryn Bell Lynn.", "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self.", "Irving Harris Irving B. Harris (August 4, 1910 \u2013 September 25, 2004) was an American businessman and philanthropist. With his brother Neison, he co-founded the Toni Home Permanent Company, which was sold to the Gillette Safety Razor Co. in January 1948 for $12.6 million. The original Toni manufacturing facility was located in a former schoolhouse near Forest Lake, Minnesota. Born and raised in Saint Paul, Minnesota, Harris did much of his charitable work in Chicago, Illinois, but he also donated substantially to the arts in Aspen, Colorado. Harris contributed most of his money to programs for children and the arts such as the Joan W. and Irving B. Harris Theater for Music and Dance. He attended Yale University and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1931. In 1986, Harris gave a donation that established The Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies at The University of Chicago. Mr. Harris gave the lead gift in 1954 to create public television station WTTW in Chicago - he later served as the station's Chairman of the Board. His philanthropy created several non-profits in Chicago - Family Focus (with Bernice Weissbourd) and the Ounce of Prevention Fund are \"children\" of Irving Harris, as is Erikson Institute, the graduate school in child development he helped found in 1966. Harris published a book, \"Children in Jeopardy,\" in 1996. Harris had a wife named Joan; two daughters, Roxanne Harris Frank and Virginia Harris Polsky, as well as a son, William Harris. Harris is also the grandfather of noted New York City restaurateur Danny Meyer, son of Roxanne Harris Frank", "The Moral Landscape The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values is a 2010 book by Sam Harris, in which the author promotes a science of morality and argues that many thinkers have long confused the relationship between morality, facts, and science. He aims to carve a third path between secularists who say morality is subjective (e.g. moral relativists), and religionists who say that morality is given by God and scripture. Harris contends that the only moral framework worth talking about is one where \"morally good\" things pertain to increases in the \"well-being of conscious creatures\". He then argues that, problems with philosophy of science and reason in general notwithstanding, 'moral questions' will have objectively right and wrong answers which are grounded in empirical facts about what causes people to flourish. Challenging the traditional philosophical notion that humans can never get an 'ought' from an 'is' (the so-called Hume's law), Harris argues that moral questions are best pursued using not just philosophy, but the methods of science. Thus, \"science can determine human values\" translates to \"science can tell us which values lead to human flourishing\". It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of \"morality\". Publication of the book followed Harris's 2009 receipt of a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles with a similarly titled thesis: \" The moral landscape: How science could determine human values\". Sam Harris's case starts with two premises: \"(1) some people have better lives than others, and (2) these differences are related, in some lawful and not entirely arbitrary way, to states of the human brain and to states of the world\"."], "answer": {"text": "Leaving Stanford in his second year, a quarter after his psychedelic experience, he went to India and Nepal,", "answer_start": 1058}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "answer": {"text": "actor Berkeley Harris and TV producer Susan Harris", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Sam Harris born?", "answer": {"text": "April 9, 1967", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Sam Harris have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Sam Harris go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Stanford University", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#6", "question": "What did he do in India and Nepal?", "rewrite": "What did Sam Harris do in India and Nepal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Annaka Harris Annaka Harris is an editor, consultant to science writers and author of the \"New York Times\" bestseller \" Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. \" Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit scientific education group Project Reason in 2007. She was the editor of the 2011 long-form essay and book \"Lying\" by her husband Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 Children's book \"I Wonder\" and the 2019 \"New York Times\" bestselling science book \"Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind.\" Key subjects of \"Conscious\" include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to neuroscientist, philosopher and author Sam Harris since 2004. They have two daughters.", "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self.", "The Moral Landscape The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values is a 2010 book by Sam Harris, in which the author promotes a science of morality and argues that many thinkers have long confused the relationship between morality, facts, and science. He aims to carve a third path between secularists who say morality is subjective (e.g. moral relativists), and religionists who say that morality is given by God and scripture. Harris contends that the only moral framework worth talking about is one where \"morally good\" things pertain to increases in the \"well-being of conscious creatures\". He then argues that, problems with philosophy of science and reason in general notwithstanding, 'moral questions' will have objectively right and wrong answers which are grounded in empirical facts about what causes people to flourish. Challenging the traditional philosophical notion that humans can never get an 'ought' from an 'is' (the so-called Hume's law), Harris argues that moral questions are best pursued using not just philosophy, but the methods of science. Thus, \"science can determine human values\" translates to \"science can tell us which values lead to human flourishing\". It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of \"morality\". Publication of the book followed Harris's 2009 receipt of a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles with a similarly titled thesis: \" The moral landscape: How science could determine human values\". Sam Harris's case starts with two premises: \"(1) some people have better lives than others, and (2) these differences are related, in some lawful and not entirely arbitrary way, to states of the human brain and to states of the world\".", "Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:", "Sam Harris (basketball)  Sam Harris ( born 3 May 1984) is an Australian former professional basketball player who played two seasons in the National Basketball League (NBL). At 7'3\" (2.21 m), he is the tallest player ever to play in the National Basketball League. In January 2019 he married longtime girlfriend Anna Maycock. Growing up in the Launceston suburb of Newnham, Harris played junior basketball for the NW Tasmania Thunder and later joined their senior team in 2001 for the SEABL season. From 2002 to 2004, Harris attended the Australian Institute of Sport and Lake Ginninderra College in Canberra. Then from 2004 to 2008, he played college basketball for Old Dominion University in the United States on a four-year scholarship. Upon graduating from ODU, he returned home to Tasmania where he played for the NW Tasmania Thunder again in 2008 and 2009. He also played for the Singapore Slingers in 2008\u201309 during their International Challenge Series. Harris joined the Perth Wildcats as a training player for the 2009\u201310 NBL season. He was elevated to the full squad early in the season as an injury replacement for 7'0\" (213 cm) centre Paul Rogers but returned to a training player role following the club's acquisition of Galen Young (the club had already recruited 7'1\" (216 cm) centre Luke Schenscher). He stuck around with the club for the rest of the season and subsequently became an NBL champion when the Wildcats defeated the Wollongong Hawks in the Grand Final series. In six games for the Wildcats, he averaged one point and 1.2 rebounds per game. In the NBL off-season, he joined the East Perth Eagles for the 2010 SBL season."], "answer": {"text": "he studied meditation with Buddhist and Hindu religious teachers, including Dilgo Khyentse.", "answer_start": 1173}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "answer": {"text": "actor Berkeley Harris and TV producer Susan Harris", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Sam Harris born?", "answer": {"text": "April 9, 1967", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Sam Harris have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Sam Harris go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Stanford University", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Sam Harris graduate?", "answer": {"text": "Leaving Stanford in his second year, a quarter after his psychedelic experience, he went to India and Nepal,", "answer_start": 1058, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c485de700c8e4629acfcd27abb8987c1_1_q#7", "question": "How long did he stay in India and Nepal?", "rewrite": "How long did Sam Harris stay in India and Nepal?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sam Harris (basketball)  Sam Harris ( born 3 May 1984) is an Australian former professional basketball player who played two seasons in the National Basketball League (NBL). At 7'3\" (2.21 m), he is the tallest player ever to play in the National Basketball League. In January 2019 he married longtime girlfriend Anna Maycock. Growing up in the Launceston suburb of Newnham, Harris played junior basketball for the NW Tasmania Thunder and later joined their senior team in 2001 for the SEABL season. From 2002 to 2004, Harris attended the Australian Institute of Sport and Lake Ginninderra College in Canberra. Then from 2004 to 2008, he played college basketball for Old Dominion University in the United States on a four-year scholarship. Upon graduating from ODU, he returned home to Tasmania where he played for the NW Tasmania Thunder again in 2008 and 2009. He also played for the Singapore Slingers in 2008\u201309 during their International Challenge Series. Harris joined the Perth Wildcats as a training player for the 2009\u201310 NBL season. He was elevated to the full squad early in the season as an injury replacement for 7'0\" (213 cm) centre Paul Rogers but returned to a training player role following the club's acquisition of Galen Young (the club had already recruited 7'1\" (216 cm) centre Luke Schenscher). He stuck around with the club for the rest of the season and subsequently became an NBL champion when the Wildcats defeated the Wollongong Hawks in the Grand Final series. In six games for the Wildcats, he averaged one point and 1.2 rebounds per game. In the NBL off-season, he joined the East Perth Eagles for the 2010 SBL season.", "Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris that discusses a wide range of topics including secular spirituality (essentially within the context of spiritual naturalism), the illusion of the self, psychedelics, and meditation. He attempts to show that a certain form of spirituality is integral to understanding the nature of the mind. In late September 2014, the book reached #5 on the \"New York Times\" Non-Fiction Best Sellers list. In September 2018 Harris released a meditation app entitled \"Waking Up with Sam Harris. \" Harris' podcast had previously been titled \"Waking Up\", but he retitled it \"Making Sense\" to differentiate it from his meditation app. Harris rejects the dichotomy between spirituality and rationality, and seeks to define a middle path that preserves spirituality and science but does not involve religion. He writes that spirituality should be understood in light of scientific disciplines like neuroscience and psychology. Science, he contends, can show how to maximize human well-being but may fail to answer certain questions about the nature of being, answers to some of which he says are discoverable directly through our experience. His conception of spirituality does not involve a belief in God. Harris' treatment of the nature of the mind draws on psychology, split-brain scientific literature, and philosophy of mind. He explores various positions on the mind-body problem but states that the solution may lie beyond the capabilities of human reason. Harris writes that the purpose of spirituality (as he defines it \u2013 he says the term's uses are diverse and sometimes indefensible) is to become aware that our sense of self is illusory, and says that this realization brings both happiness and insight into the nature of consciousness. He says spiritual discipline allows us to repeatedly recognize in our day-to-day lives that there is no self.", "The Moral Landscape The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values is a 2010 book by Sam Harris, in which the author promotes a science of morality and argues that many thinkers have long confused the relationship between morality, facts, and science. He aims to carve a third path between secularists who say morality is subjective (e.g. moral relativists), and religionists who say that morality is given by God and scripture. Harris contends that the only moral framework worth talking about is one where \"morally good\" things pertain to increases in the \"well-being of conscious creatures\". He then argues that, problems with philosophy of science and reason in general notwithstanding, 'moral questions' will have objectively right and wrong answers which are grounded in empirical facts about what causes people to flourish. Challenging the traditional philosophical notion that humans can never get an 'ought' from an 'is' (the so-called Hume's law), Harris argues that moral questions are best pursued using not just philosophy, but the methods of science. Thus, \"science can determine human values\" translates to \"science can tell us which values lead to human flourishing\". It is in this sense that Harris advocates that scientists begin conversations about a normative science of \"morality\". Publication of the book followed Harris's 2009 receipt of a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience from the University of California, Los Angeles with a similarly titled thesis: \" The moral landscape: How science could determine human values\". Sam Harris's case starts with two premises: \"(1) some people have better lives than others, and (2) these differences are related, in some lawful and not entirely arbitrary way, to states of the human brain and to states of the world\".", "Annaka Harris Annaka Harris is an editor, consultant to science writers and author of the \"New York Times\" bestseller \" Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind. \" Harris was the co-founder of the non-profit scientific education group Project Reason in 2007. She was the editor of the 2011 long-form essay and book \"Lying\" by her husband Sam Harris. She is the author of the 2013 Children's book \"I Wonder\" and the 2019 \"New York Times\" bestselling science book \"Conscious: A Brief Guide to the Fundamental Mystery of the Mind.\" Key subjects of \"Conscious\" include free will, panpsychism and the hard problem of consciousness. Harris has been married to neuroscientist, philosopher and author Sam Harris since 2004. They have two daughters.", "Sam Harris (disambiguation)  Sam Harris (born 1967) is an American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist. Sam Harris may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "Eleven years", "answer_start": 1265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Sam Harris grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 36, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were Sam Harris parents?", "answer": {"text": "actor Berkeley Harris and TV producer Susan Harris", "answer_start": 60, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Sam Harris born?", "answer": {"text": "April 9, 1967", "answer_start": 19, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Sam Harris have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did Sam Harris go to school?", "answer": {"text": "Stanford University", "answer_start": 623, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Sam Harris graduate?", "answer": {"text": "Leaving Stanford in his second year, a quarter after his psychedelic experience, he went to India and Nepal,", "answer_start": 1058, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in India and Nepal?", "answer": {"text": "he studied meditation with Buddhist and Hindu religious teachers, including Dilgo Khyentse.", "answer_start": 1173, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#0", "question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "rewrite": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy."], "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#1", "question": "what was special about hammers career?", "rewrite": "What was special about MC Hammer's music and entertainment career?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release."], "answer": {"text": "his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga", "answer_start": 121}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#2", "question": "what made hammer stand out as an entertainer his music career?", "rewrite": "What made MC hammer stand out aside from an entertainer and having music career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about hammers career?", "answer": {"text": "his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#3", "question": "DId hammer have any issues with other artists?", "rewrite": "DId MC Hammer have any issues other than with artists?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX", "Disillusioned with the direction of Death Row, artists RBX and The D.O.C. chose to leave, after which Suge Knight exercised tighter control over the rest of the roster. \" Dogg Food\" was not produced by Dr. Dre but was mixed by Dr. Dre, a further testament to Dre's dwindling involvement with his own record label. Dr. Dre also grew tired of Knight's violence within the label, although he contributed toward two tracks on 2Pac's \"All Eyez on Me\". The rest of the tracks on the album, however, were mostly produced by Daz Dillinger and Johnny J, despite Dr. Dre being nominally titled as Executive Producer. Shakur's behavior reportedly became erratic as he continued his verbal wars with The Notorious B.I.G., Bad Boy Records, Puff Daddy, Mobb Deep, and Prodigy, including many violent confrontations with many of those rappers at some points. On March 22 1996, due to the infighting, Dr. Dre officially left Death Row Records to found Aftermath, which provoked 2Pac to turn against Dr. Dre. Suge Knight's relationship with MC Hammer dates back to 1988. With the success of Hammer's 1994 album, \"The Funky Headhunter\" (featuring Tha Dogg Pound), Hammer signed with Death Row in 1995, along with his close friend, 2Pac. The label did not release the album of M.C. Hammer's music (titled \"Too Tight\"), although he did release versions of some tracks on his next album. However, Hammer did record tracks with Shakur and others, most notably the song \"Too Late Playa\" (along with Big Daddy Kane and Danny Boy). After the death of 2Pac in 1996, MC Hammer left Death Row Records.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit."], "answer": {"text": "Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent", "answer_start": 1082}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about hammers career?", "answer": {"text": "his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what made hammer stand out as an entertainer his music career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than MC Hammer's music and entertainment career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX"], "answer": {"text": "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "answer_start": 1473}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about hammers career?", "answer": {"text": "his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what made hammer stand out as an entertainer his music career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId hammer have any issues with other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have anyone who helped him in his career?", "rewrite": "Did MC Hammer have anyone who helped with his music and entertainment career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release."], "answer": {"text": "Gibson's", "answer_start": 517}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about hammers career?", "answer": {"text": "his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what made hammer stand out as an entertainer his music career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId hammer have any issues with other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "answer_start": 1473, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#6", "question": "Was his family supportive of his career and success?", "rewrite": "Was MC Hammer's family supportive of his music and entertainment career and success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about hammers career?", "answer": {"text": "his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what made hammer stand out as an entertainer his music career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId hammer have any issues with other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "answer_start": 1473, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have anyone who helped him in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Gibson's", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c26264eb1c64cabb71b273aaa13ed56_1_q#7", "question": "Did hammer stay in the music industry?", "rewrite": "Did MC Hammer stay in the music and entertainment career industry?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX", "MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did MC Hammer start a music and entertainment career?", "answer": {"text": "formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about hammers career?", "answer": {"text": "his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga", "answer_start": 121, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what made hammer stand out as an entertainer his music career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "DId hammer have any issues with other artists?", "answer": {"text": "Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent", "answer_start": 1082, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "answer_start": 1473, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have anyone who helped him in his career?", "answer": {"text": "Gibson's", "answer_start": 517, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his family supportive of his career and success?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ca8128154b04779af6517daba8a40a2_0_q#0", "question": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "rewrite": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album) Rose Tattoo is the debut self-titled album by Australian hard rock band Rose Tattoo released in November 1978 on the Albert Productions label. It was produced by the famous Vanda & Young team who have worked with AC/DC, The Angels and Stevie Wright. The album was released as Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw (or \"Rock 'n' Roll Outlaws\") in some markets. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. Rose Tattoo formed in Sydney in 1976 by Pete Wells who wanted a tough slide guitar based band. They recorded their debut single, \"Bad Boy for Love\" with Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Mick Cocks on rhythm guitar, Ian Rilen on bass guitar, Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums and Peter Wells on slide guitar during mid-1977. Rilen, the song's writer departed to form punk rock group, X, prior to its release in October 1977. The single was produced by Vanda & Young (ex-The Easybeats, AC/DC's producers) and peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. To cover Rilen's departure, Cocks switched to bass guitar, then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought in. Anderson's one-time band mate, bass guitarist Geordie Leach was recruited to replace Turner and record their self-titled debut LP, \"Rose Tattoo\", which reached the top 40 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart in November 1978. The album, produced by Vanda & Young, was released in some markets as \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" from their second Australian single, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" which did not reach the top 50. Leach left the band in May 1979 to be replaced in October by guitarist Lobby Loyde (Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries).", "His second solo album, \"The Meaning of Life\", appeared in July of the following year, which was \"more straight-up rock'n'blues\". It was co-produced by Fraser and Stevens. In the studio he used De Soto, Gaze and Strutt with Bernie Bremond on saxophone (ex-Johnny Diesel and the Injectors) and Scott Johnson on drums (ex-Jimmy and the Boys, Rose Tattoo). Wells also worked on side projects including Rocks Push with Turner and Rob Grosser. Early in 1993 Wells rejoined Rose Tattoo with the line-up of Anderson, Cocks and Leach adding De Marco as their new drummer. During the brief reunion they supported two gigs by United States group, Guns N' Roses, on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. Rose Tattoo also played solo shows on their own pub tour. In 1994 Hillbilly Moon formed with Wells on lead vocals, lead and bass guitars; Cletis Carr on the same instruments; and Paul Norton on the same instruments plus drums. They issued an album, \"Volume One\", in that year on Pelican Records. His third solo album, \"No Hard Feelings\", appeared in June 1993 and was recorded with De Soto, Bremond, De Marco and Leach. It was co-produced by Wells and De Soto for ATI Records and Mushroom Records. In August that year it was followed by a four-track EP, \"Hard Done by You\", co-credited to Peter Wells, Dave Steel (ex-Weddings Parties Anything), Bob Armstrong. In late 1994 Wells and De Soto reactivated Pete Wells Band with Turner and were joined by Mark Evans on bass guitar (ex-AC/DC, Finch, Heaven) and Mick O'Shea on drums (ex-Swanee, Judge Mercy).", "In 2005, Loyde was diagnosed with lung cancer and a benefit concert, in Melbourne (at which he also played) raised $90,000 for medical costs. In August 2006, Loyde re-joined Rose Tattoo to replace slide guitarist Peter Wells, who had died of cancer. In 1980, Loyde had recorded an as-yet-unreleased album (as from June 2008) in Los Angeles when a member of Rose Tattoo, with Billy Thorpe guesting. He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in August, alongside Rose Tattoo, Divinyls, Icehouse, Daddy Cool and Helen Reddy. Bandmate, Angry Anderson of Rose Tattoo described Loyde's influence: More than anyone else, Lobby helped create the Australian guitar sound, long before Angus [Young] or Billy Thorpe or The Angels or Rose Tattoo. Lobby inspired Australian bands to step forward and play as loud and aggressively as they could. People are still trying to copy it today. The last album Loyde produced and performed on was \"The Odyssey\" by Michael Fein, which was released on 6 October 2008. On 21 April 2007, Lobby Loyde died, from lung cancer, in Box Hill, Melbourne, aged 65. Lobby Loyde's first marriage provided a son, Shane Loyde (born c. 1967). He met Australian actress, Debbie Nankervis (born 1953) when in London in 1979 and they were married for 26 years. Nankervis was later a model and advertising representative. Their children are Frances (born July 1982), Rebecca (born September 1984), Vyvyan (born August 1986) and Lucinda (born March 1988). At the time of his death, on 21 April 2007, he had been separated from Nankervis. Lobby Loyde has produced the following works:", "In 1980 Heaven was a heavy metal band formed in Sydney, they had issued a debut album, \"Twilight of Mischief\". In May 1982 Cocks replaced John Haese on guitar and the group toured the United States' West Coast supporting M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Dio. They relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a second album for RCA during 1983, \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\", which spawned the single, \"Rock School\". In September 1983 Cocks \"had been ousted from Heaven\" to be replaced by Evans. In November 1984, Cocks re-joined his ex-Rose Tattoo band mates, Rilen, Leach, Royall and Wells to form Illustrated Men \u2013 with Rilen handling lead vocals \u2013 which toured Australia. The group \"played loud, barnstorming rock'n'roll in the Rose Tattoo tradition. Most of the songs in the band's repertoire had been written by Rilen\". By mid-1985 Illustrated Men had disbanded. From 1990 Anderson attempted to reform Rose Tattoo with Cocks but the death of Royall in 1991 of cancer stalled the process. In 1993 Rose Tattoo reunited, with Cocks and new drummer Paul DeMarco, to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to other projects. Cocks has also been a member of Pete Wells Heart Attack (1995) and the Ted Mulry Gang. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 as Cocks, Anderson, Wells, Rilen and DeMarco, and undertook an Australian tour. The following year Rilen was replaced by Leach again but Cocks left soon after. In 2003 Cocks rejoined Rose Tattoo to write tracks with Anderson which were recorded for a future album, \"Blood Brothers\".", "Mick Cocks  Michael Thomas Cocks (11 January 1955 \u2013 22 December 2009) was an Australian musician, most noted for his guitar and songwriting work with Rose Tattoo. His original sound and style heavily influenced Guns N' Roses, who recorded a cover of the Rose Tattoo song \"Nice Boys\". He was also a member of Heaven, The Headhunters, Illustrated Men, Doomfoxx, Pete Wells Heart Attack and the Ted Mulry Gang. On 16 August 2006, Rose Tattoo were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame. In April 2009 Cocks was diagnosed with liver cancer and died from the disease on 22 December 2009. He was the fifth member of Rose Tattoo to die of cancer, he was predeceased by Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), and Lobby Loyde (2007). Michael Thomas \"Mick\" Cocks was born on 11 January 1955. Rose Tattoo formed in 1976 in Sydney with a line-up of Leigh Johnston on rhythm guitar, Tony Lake on lead vocals, Michael Vandersluys on drums and Peter Wells (ex-Buffalo) on slide guitar. Ian Rilen from Band of Light joined on bass guitar. Cocks soon joined the group and replaced Johnston on rhythm guitar. Lake and Vandersluys were substituted by former Buster Brown members Angry Anderson on vocals and Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums respectively. Rose Tattoo made their public debut on New Year's Eve at the rock club Chequers. The band's debut single \"Bad Boy for Love\" peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1977. When Rilen left the group Cocks switched to bass guitar then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought and, in turn, was replaced by Geordie Leach (ex-Buster Brown)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8ca8128154b04779af6517daba8a40a2_0_q#1", "question": "Could you give me some interesting information about the side projects and temporary reformations?", "rewrite": "Could you give me some interesting information about Rose Tattoo's side projects and temporary reformations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mick Cocks  Michael Thomas Cocks (11 January 1955 \u2013 22 December 2009) was an Australian musician, most noted for his guitar and songwriting work with Rose Tattoo. His original sound and style heavily influenced Guns N' Roses, who recorded a cover of the Rose Tattoo song \"Nice Boys\". He was also a member of Heaven, The Headhunters, Illustrated Men, Doomfoxx, Pete Wells Heart Attack and the Ted Mulry Gang. On 16 August 2006, Rose Tattoo were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame. In April 2009 Cocks was diagnosed with liver cancer and died from the disease on 22 December 2009. He was the fifth member of Rose Tattoo to die of cancer, he was predeceased by Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), and Lobby Loyde (2007). Michael Thomas \"Mick\" Cocks was born on 11 January 1955. Rose Tattoo formed in 1976 in Sydney with a line-up of Leigh Johnston on rhythm guitar, Tony Lake on lead vocals, Michael Vandersluys on drums and Peter Wells (ex-Buffalo) on slide guitar. Ian Rilen from Band of Light joined on bass guitar. Cocks soon joined the group and replaced Johnston on rhythm guitar. Lake and Vandersluys were substituted by former Buster Brown members Angry Anderson on vocals and Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums respectively. Rose Tattoo made their public debut on New Year's Eve at the rock club Chequers. The band's debut single \"Bad Boy for Love\" peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1977. When Rilen left the group Cocks switched to bass guitar then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought and, in turn, was replaced by Geordie Leach (ex-Buster Brown).", "Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album) Rose Tattoo is the debut self-titled album by Australian hard rock band Rose Tattoo released in November 1978 on the Albert Productions label. It was produced by the famous Vanda & Young team who have worked with AC/DC, The Angels and Stevie Wright. The album was released as Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw (or \"Rock 'n' Roll Outlaws\") in some markets. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. Rose Tattoo formed in Sydney in 1976 by Pete Wells who wanted a tough slide guitar based band. They recorded their debut single, \"Bad Boy for Love\" with Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Mick Cocks on rhythm guitar, Ian Rilen on bass guitar, Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums and Peter Wells on slide guitar during mid-1977. Rilen, the song's writer departed to form punk rock group, X, prior to its release in October 1977. The single was produced by Vanda & Young (ex-The Easybeats, AC/DC's producers) and peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. To cover Rilen's departure, Cocks switched to bass guitar, then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought in. Anderson's one-time band mate, bass guitarist Geordie Leach was recruited to replace Turner and record their self-titled debut LP, \"Rose Tattoo\", which reached the top 40 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart in November 1978. The album, produced by Vanda & Young, was released in some markets as \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" from their second Australian single, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" which did not reach the top 50. Leach left the band in May 1979 to be replaced in October by guitarist Lobby Loyde (Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries).", "In 1980 Heaven was a heavy metal band formed in Sydney, they had issued a debut album, \"Twilight of Mischief\". In May 1982 Cocks replaced John Haese on guitar and the group toured the United States' West Coast supporting M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Dio. They relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a second album for RCA during 1983, \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\", which spawned the single, \"Rock School\". In September 1983 Cocks \"had been ousted from Heaven\" to be replaced by Evans. In November 1984, Cocks re-joined his ex-Rose Tattoo band mates, Rilen, Leach, Royall and Wells to form Illustrated Men \u2013 with Rilen handling lead vocals \u2013 which toured Australia. The group \"played loud, barnstorming rock'n'roll in the Rose Tattoo tradition. Most of the songs in the band's repertoire had been written by Rilen\". By mid-1985 Illustrated Men had disbanded. From 1990 Anderson attempted to reform Rose Tattoo with Cocks but the death of Royall in 1991 of cancer stalled the process. In 1993 Rose Tattoo reunited, with Cocks and new drummer Paul DeMarco, to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to other projects. Cocks has also been a member of Pete Wells Heart Attack (1995) and the Ted Mulry Gang. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 as Cocks, Anderson, Wells, Rilen and DeMarco, and undertook an Australian tour. The following year Rilen was replaced by Leach again but Cocks left soon after. In 2003 Cocks rejoined Rose Tattoo to write tracks with Anderson which were recorded for a future album, \"Blood Brothers\".", "In 2005, Loyde was diagnosed with lung cancer and a benefit concert, in Melbourne (at which he also played) raised $90,000 for medical costs. In August 2006, Loyde re-joined Rose Tattoo to replace slide guitarist Peter Wells, who had died of cancer. In 1980, Loyde had recorded an as-yet-unreleased album (as from June 2008) in Los Angeles when a member of Rose Tattoo, with Billy Thorpe guesting. He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in August, alongside Rose Tattoo, Divinyls, Icehouse, Daddy Cool and Helen Reddy. Bandmate, Angry Anderson of Rose Tattoo described Loyde's influence: More than anyone else, Lobby helped create the Australian guitar sound, long before Angus [Young] or Billy Thorpe or The Angels or Rose Tattoo. Lobby inspired Australian bands to step forward and play as loud and aggressively as they could. People are still trying to copy it today. The last album Loyde produced and performed on was \"The Odyssey\" by Michael Fein, which was released on 6 October 2008. On 21 April 2007, Lobby Loyde died, from lung cancer, in Box Hill, Melbourne, aged 65. Lobby Loyde's first marriage provided a son, Shane Loyde (born c. 1967). He met Australian actress, Debbie Nankervis (born 1953) when in London in 1979 and they were married for 26 years. Nankervis was later a model and advertising representative. Their children are Frances (born July 1982), Rebecca (born September 1984), Vyvyan (born August 1986) and Lucinda (born March 1988). At the time of his death, on 21 April 2007, he had been separated from Nankervis. Lobby Loyde has produced the following works:", "His second solo album, \"The Meaning of Life\", appeared in July of the following year, which was \"more straight-up rock'n'blues\". It was co-produced by Fraser and Stevens. In the studio he used De Soto, Gaze and Strutt with Bernie Bremond on saxophone (ex-Johnny Diesel and the Injectors) and Scott Johnson on drums (ex-Jimmy and the Boys, Rose Tattoo). Wells also worked on side projects including Rocks Push with Turner and Rob Grosser. Early in 1993 Wells rejoined Rose Tattoo with the line-up of Anderson, Cocks and Leach adding De Marco as their new drummer. During the brief reunion they supported two gigs by United States group, Guns N' Roses, on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. Rose Tattoo also played solo shows on their own pub tour. In 1994 Hillbilly Moon formed with Wells on lead vocals, lead and bass guitars; Cletis Carr on the same instruments; and Paul Norton on the same instruments plus drums. They issued an album, \"Volume One\", in that year on Pelican Records. His third solo album, \"No Hard Feelings\", appeared in June 1993 and was recorded with De Soto, Bremond, De Marco and Leach. It was co-produced by Wells and De Soto for ATI Records and Mushroom Records. In August that year it was followed by a four-track EP, \"Hard Done by You\", co-credited to Peter Wells, Dave Steel (ex-Weddings Parties Anything), Bob Armstrong. In late 1994 Wells and De Soto reactivated Pete Wells Band with Turner and were joined by Mark Evans on bass guitar (ex-AC/DC, Finch, Heaven) and Mick O'Shea on drums (ex-Swanee, Judge Mercy)."], "answer": {"text": "We didn't reform until '92. In '93, the word got around, because we had reformed with our existing drummer Paul DeMarco.", "answer_start": 214}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ca8128154b04779af6517daba8a40a2_0_q#2", "question": "Did Paul DeMarco replace somebody?", "rewrite": "Did Paul DeMarco replace somebody in Rose Tattoo?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That was the irony of it, because the cancer had been suppressed by the heroin addiction. Within months he was dead. That shook the band so badly on a personal level, because we had been so enthusiastic to reform. We didn't reform until '92. In '93, the word got around, because we had reformed with our existing drummer Paul DeMarco. The Gunners heard we were out playing again and said, 'We want you to do our support gigs throughout Australia.' We did those two Guns N' Roses raceways gigs - Eastern Creek in Sydney and the raceway down in Melbourne.\" Rose Tattoo supported Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. Anderson, Wells, Cocks, Leach and new drummer Paul DeMarco from Wells' solo band reunited for the 1993 tour. The reunion was brief and each returned to solo projects. Around this time, ex-members of Rose Tattoo formed a short lived band with ex-Candy Harlots vocalist Aiz Lynch. This band had numerous rehearsals, but only recorded one demo before disbanding.", "Mick Cocks  Michael Thomas Cocks (11 January 1955 \u2013 22 December 2009) was an Australian musician, most noted for his guitar and songwriting work with Rose Tattoo. His original sound and style heavily influenced Guns N' Roses, who recorded a cover of the Rose Tattoo song \"Nice Boys\". He was also a member of Heaven, The Headhunters, Illustrated Men, Doomfoxx, Pete Wells Heart Attack and the Ted Mulry Gang. On 16 August 2006, Rose Tattoo were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame. In April 2009 Cocks was diagnosed with liver cancer and died from the disease on 22 December 2009. He was the fifth member of Rose Tattoo to die of cancer, he was predeceased by Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), and Lobby Loyde (2007). Michael Thomas \"Mick\" Cocks was born on 11 January 1955. Rose Tattoo formed in 1976 in Sydney with a line-up of Leigh Johnston on rhythm guitar, Tony Lake on lead vocals, Michael Vandersluys on drums and Peter Wells (ex-Buffalo) on slide guitar. Ian Rilen from Band of Light joined on bass guitar. Cocks soon joined the group and replaced Johnston on rhythm guitar. Lake and Vandersluys were substituted by former Buster Brown members Angry Anderson on vocals and Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums respectively. Rose Tattoo made their public debut on New Year's Eve at the rock club Chequers. The band's debut single \"Bad Boy for Love\" peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1977. When Rilen left the group Cocks switched to bass guitar then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought and, in turn, was replaced by Geordie Leach (ex-Buster Brown).", "In 1980 Heaven was a heavy metal band formed in Sydney, they had issued a debut album, \"Twilight of Mischief\". In May 1982 Cocks replaced John Haese on guitar and the group toured the United States' West Coast supporting M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Dio. They relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a second album for RCA during 1983, \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\", which spawned the single, \"Rock School\". In September 1983 Cocks \"had been ousted from Heaven\" to be replaced by Evans. In November 1984, Cocks re-joined his ex-Rose Tattoo band mates, Rilen, Leach, Royall and Wells to form Illustrated Men \u2013 with Rilen handling lead vocals \u2013 which toured Australia. The group \"played loud, barnstorming rock'n'roll in the Rose Tattoo tradition. Most of the songs in the band's repertoire had been written by Rilen\". By mid-1985 Illustrated Men had disbanded. From 1990 Anderson attempted to reform Rose Tattoo with Cocks but the death of Royall in 1991 of cancer stalled the process. In 1993 Rose Tattoo reunited, with Cocks and new drummer Paul DeMarco, to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to other projects. Cocks has also been a member of Pete Wells Heart Attack (1995) and the Ted Mulry Gang. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 as Cocks, Anderson, Wells, Rilen and DeMarco, and undertook an Australian tour. The following year Rilen was replaced by Leach again but Cocks left soon after. In 2003 Cocks rejoined Rose Tattoo to write tracks with Anderson which were recorded for a future album, \"Blood Brothers\".", "Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album) Rose Tattoo is the debut self-titled album by Australian hard rock band Rose Tattoo released in November 1978 on the Albert Productions label. It was produced by the famous Vanda & Young team who have worked with AC/DC, The Angels and Stevie Wright. The album was released as Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw (or \"Rock 'n' Roll Outlaws\") in some markets. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. Rose Tattoo formed in Sydney in 1976 by Pete Wells who wanted a tough slide guitar based band. They recorded their debut single, \"Bad Boy for Love\" with Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Mick Cocks on rhythm guitar, Ian Rilen on bass guitar, Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums and Peter Wells on slide guitar during mid-1977. Rilen, the song's writer departed to form punk rock group, X, prior to its release in October 1977. The single was produced by Vanda & Young (ex-The Easybeats, AC/DC's producers) and peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. To cover Rilen's departure, Cocks switched to bass guitar, then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought in. Anderson's one-time band mate, bass guitarist Geordie Leach was recruited to replace Turner and record their self-titled debut LP, \"Rose Tattoo\", which reached the top 40 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart in November 1978. The album, produced by Vanda & Young, was released in some markets as \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" from their second Australian single, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" which did not reach the top 50. Leach left the band in May 1979 to be replaced in October by guitarist Lobby Loyde (Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries).", "\"She's a Star\" reached the ARIA Top 100. Also that year Moss played in Don Walker's band Catfish, contributing guitar to their album, \"Ruby\". Subsequently, he made guest appearances on albums by The Black Sorrows' \"Better Times\" (1992) on a track called \"Ain't Love the Strangest Thing\", Richard Clapton's \"Distant Thunder\" (1993), on Barnes' solo album, \"Heat\" (1993), the first time he had worked with Barnes in ten years. In June 1994 he provided lead guitar on the title track of Don Walker's solo album, \"We're All Gunna Die\" (1995). In 1993 Cold Chisel, with Moss as a member, were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. Moss' third solo album, \"Petrolhead\", was released in August 1996, which was produced by Don Walker for TWA Records. For this album Moss used Walker on keyboards with Paul DeMarco on drums (ex-Rose Tattoo), the late Ian Rilen on bass guitar (from Rose Tattoo & X), and Trent Williamson on harmonica. McFarlane declared it was \"his best-ever album ... [by] a down'n'dirty blues-rock outfit ... with gritty, hard-edged tracks ... [and] finely honed guitar work\". Two singles were issued, \"All Alone on a Rock\" and \"Poor Boy\", but neither charted. It was re-released the following year as \"Ian Moss Box Set\" with an additional live CD, \"Ian Moss Live\", the live disc was issued separately in 1998. Those live tracks had been recorded during 1996 to 1997 on his national tour supporting \"Petrolhead\", with Rilen replaced by Paul Wheeler on bass guitar mid-tour."], "answer": {"text": "Anderson, Wells, Cocks, Leach and new drummer Paul DeMarco from Wells' solo band reunited for the 1993 tour.", "answer_start": 646}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you give me some interesting information about the side projects and temporary reformations?", "answer": {"text": "We didn't reform until '92. In '93, the word got around, because we had reformed with our existing drummer Paul DeMarco.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ca8128154b04779af6517daba8a40a2_0_q#3", "question": "Where were they touring?", "rewrite": "Where were Rose Tattoo touring in 1993?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2005, Loyde was diagnosed with lung cancer and a benefit concert, in Melbourne (at which he also played) raised $90,000 for medical costs. In August 2006, Loyde re-joined Rose Tattoo to replace slide guitarist Peter Wells, who had died of cancer. In 1980, Loyde had recorded an as-yet-unreleased album (as from June 2008) in Los Angeles when a member of Rose Tattoo, with Billy Thorpe guesting. He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in August, alongside Rose Tattoo, Divinyls, Icehouse, Daddy Cool and Helen Reddy. Bandmate, Angry Anderson of Rose Tattoo described Loyde's influence: More than anyone else, Lobby helped create the Australian guitar sound, long before Angus [Young] or Billy Thorpe or The Angels or Rose Tattoo. Lobby inspired Australian bands to step forward and play as loud and aggressively as they could. People are still trying to copy it today. The last album Loyde produced and performed on was \"The Odyssey\" by Michael Fein, which was released on 6 October 2008. On 21 April 2007, Lobby Loyde died, from lung cancer, in Box Hill, Melbourne, aged 65. Lobby Loyde's first marriage provided a son, Shane Loyde (born c. 1967). He met Australian actress, Debbie Nankervis (born 1953) when in London in 1979 and they were married for 26 years. Nankervis was later a model and advertising representative. Their children are Frances (born July 1982), Rebecca (born September 1984), Vyvyan (born August 1986) and Lucinda (born March 1988). At the time of his death, on 21 April 2007, he had been separated from Nankervis. Lobby Loyde has produced the following works:", "Mick Cocks  Michael Thomas Cocks (11 January 1955 \u2013 22 December 2009) was an Australian musician, most noted for his guitar and songwriting work with Rose Tattoo. His original sound and style heavily influenced Guns N' Roses, who recorded a cover of the Rose Tattoo song \"Nice Boys\". He was also a member of Heaven, The Headhunters, Illustrated Men, Doomfoxx, Pete Wells Heart Attack and the Ted Mulry Gang. On 16 August 2006, Rose Tattoo were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame. In April 2009 Cocks was diagnosed with liver cancer and died from the disease on 22 December 2009. He was the fifth member of Rose Tattoo to die of cancer, he was predeceased by Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), and Lobby Loyde (2007). Michael Thomas \"Mick\" Cocks was born on 11 January 1955. Rose Tattoo formed in 1976 in Sydney with a line-up of Leigh Johnston on rhythm guitar, Tony Lake on lead vocals, Michael Vandersluys on drums and Peter Wells (ex-Buffalo) on slide guitar. Ian Rilen from Band of Light joined on bass guitar. Cocks soon joined the group and replaced Johnston on rhythm guitar. Lake and Vandersluys were substituted by former Buster Brown members Angry Anderson on vocals and Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums respectively. Rose Tattoo made their public debut on New Year's Eve at the rock club Chequers. The band's debut single \"Bad Boy for Love\" peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1977. When Rilen left the group Cocks switched to bass guitar then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought and, in turn, was replaced by Geordie Leach (ex-Buster Brown).", "In 1980 Heaven was a heavy metal band formed in Sydney, they had issued a debut album, \"Twilight of Mischief\". In May 1982 Cocks replaced John Haese on guitar and the group toured the United States' West Coast supporting M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Dio. They relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a second album for RCA during 1983, \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\", which spawned the single, \"Rock School\". In September 1983 Cocks \"had been ousted from Heaven\" to be replaced by Evans. In November 1984, Cocks re-joined his ex-Rose Tattoo band mates, Rilen, Leach, Royall and Wells to form Illustrated Men \u2013 with Rilen handling lead vocals \u2013 which toured Australia. The group \"played loud, barnstorming rock'n'roll in the Rose Tattoo tradition. Most of the songs in the band's repertoire had been written by Rilen\". By mid-1985 Illustrated Men had disbanded. From 1990 Anderson attempted to reform Rose Tattoo with Cocks but the death of Royall in 1991 of cancer stalled the process. In 1993 Rose Tattoo reunited, with Cocks and new drummer Paul DeMarco, to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to other projects. Cocks has also been a member of Pete Wells Heart Attack (1995) and the Ted Mulry Gang. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 as Cocks, Anderson, Wells, Rilen and DeMarco, and undertook an Australian tour. The following year Rilen was replaced by Leach again but Cocks left soon after. In 2003 Cocks rejoined Rose Tattoo to write tracks with Anderson which were recorded for a future album, \"Blood Brothers\".", "Rose Tattoo (comics) Rose Tattoo is the name of two characters appearing in books owned by Wildstorm Productions, an imprint of DC Comics. Both characters exist within the Wildstorm Universe. Rose Tattoo was the spirit of murder; an ageless representation of a pure idea, who had presumably existed as long as the idea itself before she was killed. In the 1960s, Rose was a member of the superhuman conspiracy founded by The High to create a new world order. While on a mission, Rose was discovered by a young Henry Bendix (a field agent doing favors for Richard Nixon at the time) and he immediately fell in love with her. While the time between their first meeting and Bendix's restructuring of Stormwatch is largely unaccounted for, Rose kept very quiet and remained obedient to Bendix until he called on her. When she initially appeared, she was in a small building in Sicily, Italy, having created a candle-lit 'altar' of dead, bleeding victims. Rose was a member of Stormwatch for some time, killing those Bendix wished, some of whom were criminals, many of whom were innocent bystanders. Rose kept to herself and Bendix had ordered the others not to talk to her. Rose also drove a Stormwatch guard mad by seducing him and then simply talking to him. Rose was meant to be a key player in Bendix's plan to establish his own new world order, but unfortunately, The High's 50-year-old dream of a finer world got in the way. While raiding The Changers' compound, Rose killed one of the Changers while he was in negotiations with Stormwatch Black. Jack Hawksmoor (of Stormwatch Black) then snaps her neck, killing her. Rose Tattoo would eventually find a new host.", "Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album) Rose Tattoo is the debut self-titled album by Australian hard rock band Rose Tattoo released in November 1978 on the Albert Productions label. It was produced by the famous Vanda & Young team who have worked with AC/DC, The Angels and Stevie Wright. The album was released as Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw (or \"Rock 'n' Roll Outlaws\") in some markets. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. Rose Tattoo formed in Sydney in 1976 by Pete Wells who wanted a tough slide guitar based band. They recorded their debut single, \"Bad Boy for Love\" with Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Mick Cocks on rhythm guitar, Ian Rilen on bass guitar, Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums and Peter Wells on slide guitar during mid-1977. Rilen, the song's writer departed to form punk rock group, X, prior to its release in October 1977. The single was produced by Vanda & Young (ex-The Easybeats, AC/DC's producers) and peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. To cover Rilen's departure, Cocks switched to bass guitar, then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought in. Anderson's one-time band mate, bass guitarist Geordie Leach was recruited to replace Turner and record their self-titled debut LP, \"Rose Tattoo\", which reached the top 40 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart in November 1978. The album, produced by Vanda & Young, was released in some markets as \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" from their second Australian single, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" which did not reach the top 50. Leach left the band in May 1979 to be replaced in October by guitarist Lobby Loyde (Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries)."], "answer": {"text": "The reunion was brief and each returned to solo projects.", "answer_start": 755}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you give me some interesting information about the side projects and temporary reformations?", "answer": {"text": "We didn't reform until '92. In '93, the word got around, because we had reformed with our existing drummer Paul DeMarco.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Paul DeMarco replace somebody?", "answer": {"text": "Anderson, Wells, Cocks, Leach and new drummer Paul DeMarco from Wells' solo band reunited for the 1993 tour.", "answer_start": 646, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ca8128154b04779af6517daba8a40a2_0_q#4", "question": "who was the original drummer?", "rewrite": "Who was the original drummer of Rose Tattoo?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2005, Loyde was diagnosed with lung cancer and a benefit concert, in Melbourne (at which he also played) raised $90,000 for medical costs. In August 2006, Loyde re-joined Rose Tattoo to replace slide guitarist Peter Wells, who had died of cancer. In 1980, Loyde had recorded an as-yet-unreleased album (as from June 2008) in Los Angeles when a member of Rose Tattoo, with Billy Thorpe guesting. He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in August, alongside Rose Tattoo, Divinyls, Icehouse, Daddy Cool and Helen Reddy. Bandmate, Angry Anderson of Rose Tattoo described Loyde's influence: More than anyone else, Lobby helped create the Australian guitar sound, long before Angus [Young] or Billy Thorpe or The Angels or Rose Tattoo. Lobby inspired Australian bands to step forward and play as loud and aggressively as they could. People are still trying to copy it today. The last album Loyde produced and performed on was \"The Odyssey\" by Michael Fein, which was released on 6 October 2008. On 21 April 2007, Lobby Loyde died, from lung cancer, in Box Hill, Melbourne, aged 65. Lobby Loyde's first marriage provided a son, Shane Loyde (born c. 1967). He met Australian actress, Debbie Nankervis (born 1953) when in London in 1979 and they were married for 26 years. Nankervis was later a model and advertising representative. Their children are Frances (born July 1982), Rebecca (born September 1984), Vyvyan (born August 1986) and Lucinda (born March 1988). At the time of his death, on 21 April 2007, he had been separated from Nankervis. Lobby Loyde has produced the following works:", "Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album) Rose Tattoo is the debut self-titled album by Australian hard rock band Rose Tattoo released in November 1978 on the Albert Productions label. It was produced by the famous Vanda & Young team who have worked with AC/DC, The Angels and Stevie Wright. The album was released as Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw (or \"Rock 'n' Roll Outlaws\") in some markets. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. Rose Tattoo formed in Sydney in 1976 by Pete Wells who wanted a tough slide guitar based band. They recorded their debut single, \"Bad Boy for Love\" with Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Mick Cocks on rhythm guitar, Ian Rilen on bass guitar, Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums and Peter Wells on slide guitar during mid-1977. Rilen, the song's writer departed to form punk rock group, X, prior to its release in October 1977. The single was produced by Vanda & Young (ex-The Easybeats, AC/DC's producers) and peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. To cover Rilen's departure, Cocks switched to bass guitar, then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought in. Anderson's one-time band mate, bass guitarist Geordie Leach was recruited to replace Turner and record their self-titled debut LP, \"Rose Tattoo\", which reached the top 40 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart in November 1978. The album, produced by Vanda & Young, was released in some markets as \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" from their second Australian single, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" which did not reach the top 50. Leach left the band in May 1979 to be replaced in October by guitarist Lobby Loyde (Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries).", "In 1980 Heaven was a heavy metal band formed in Sydney, they had issued a debut album, \"Twilight of Mischief\". In May 1982 Cocks replaced John Haese on guitar and the group toured the United States' West Coast supporting M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Dio. They relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a second album for RCA during 1983, \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\", which spawned the single, \"Rock School\". In September 1983 Cocks \"had been ousted from Heaven\" to be replaced by Evans. In November 1984, Cocks re-joined his ex-Rose Tattoo band mates, Rilen, Leach, Royall and Wells to form Illustrated Men \u2013 with Rilen handling lead vocals \u2013 which toured Australia. The group \"played loud, barnstorming rock'n'roll in the Rose Tattoo tradition. Most of the songs in the band's repertoire had been written by Rilen\". By mid-1985 Illustrated Men had disbanded. From 1990 Anderson attempted to reform Rose Tattoo with Cocks but the death of Royall in 1991 of cancer stalled the process. In 1993 Rose Tattoo reunited, with Cocks and new drummer Paul DeMarco, to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to other projects. Cocks has also been a member of Pete Wells Heart Attack (1995) and the Ted Mulry Gang. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 as Cocks, Anderson, Wells, Rilen and DeMarco, and undertook an Australian tour. The following year Rilen was replaced by Leach again but Cocks left soon after. In 2003 Cocks rejoined Rose Tattoo to write tracks with Anderson which were recorded for a future album, \"Blood Brothers\".", "Mick Cocks  Michael Thomas Cocks (11 January 1955 \u2013 22 December 2009) was an Australian musician, most noted for his guitar and songwriting work with Rose Tattoo. His original sound and style heavily influenced Guns N' Roses, who recorded a cover of the Rose Tattoo song \"Nice Boys\". He was also a member of Heaven, The Headhunters, Illustrated Men, Doomfoxx, Pete Wells Heart Attack and the Ted Mulry Gang. On 16 August 2006, Rose Tattoo were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame. In April 2009 Cocks was diagnosed with liver cancer and died from the disease on 22 December 2009. He was the fifth member of Rose Tattoo to die of cancer, he was predeceased by Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), and Lobby Loyde (2007). Michael Thomas \"Mick\" Cocks was born on 11 January 1955. Rose Tattoo formed in 1976 in Sydney with a line-up of Leigh Johnston on rhythm guitar, Tony Lake on lead vocals, Michael Vandersluys on drums and Peter Wells (ex-Buffalo) on slide guitar. Ian Rilen from Band of Light joined on bass guitar. Cocks soon joined the group and replaced Johnston on rhythm guitar. Lake and Vandersluys were substituted by former Buster Brown members Angry Anderson on vocals and Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums respectively. Rose Tattoo made their public debut on New Year's Eve at the rock club Chequers. The band's debut single \"Bad Boy for Love\" peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1977. When Rilen left the group Cocks switched to bass guitar then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought and, in turn, was replaced by Geordie Leach (ex-Buster Brown).", "Rose Tattoo (comics) Rose Tattoo is the name of two characters appearing in books owned by Wildstorm Productions, an imprint of DC Comics. Both characters exist within the Wildstorm Universe. Rose Tattoo was the spirit of murder; an ageless representation of a pure idea, who had presumably existed as long as the idea itself before she was killed. In the 1960s, Rose was a member of the superhuman conspiracy founded by The High to create a new world order. While on a mission, Rose was discovered by a young Henry Bendix (a field agent doing favors for Richard Nixon at the time) and he immediately fell in love with her. While the time between their first meeting and Bendix's restructuring of Stormwatch is largely unaccounted for, Rose kept very quiet and remained obedient to Bendix until he called on her. When she initially appeared, she was in a small building in Sicily, Italy, having created a candle-lit 'altar' of dead, bleeding victims. Rose was a member of Stormwatch for some time, killing those Bendix wished, some of whom were criminals, many of whom were innocent bystanders. Rose kept to herself and Bendix had ordered the others not to talk to her. Rose also drove a Stormwatch guard mad by seducing him and then simply talking to him. Rose was meant to be a key player in Bendix's plan to establish his own new world order, but unfortunately, The High's 50-year-old dream of a finer world got in the way. While raiding The Changers' compound, Rose killed one of the Changers while he was in negotiations with Stormwatch Black. Jack Hawksmoor (of Stormwatch Black) then snaps her neck, killing her. Rose Tattoo would eventually find a new host."], "answer": {"text": "original drummer \"Digger\" Royall", "answer_start": 1611}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you give me some interesting information about the side projects and temporary reformations?", "answer": {"text": "We didn't reform until '92. In '93, the word got around, because we had reformed with our existing drummer Paul DeMarco.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Paul DeMarco replace somebody?", "answer": {"text": "Anderson, Wells, Cocks, Leach and new drummer Paul DeMarco from Wells' solo band reunited for the 1993 tour.", "answer_start": 646, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where were they touring?", "answer": {"text": "The reunion was brief and each returned to solo projects.", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ca8128154b04779af6517daba8a40a2_0_q#5", "question": "What happened to Digger?", "rewrite": "What happened to Digger Royall from Rose Tattoo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album) Rose Tattoo is the debut self-titled album by Australian hard rock band Rose Tattoo released in November 1978 on the Albert Productions label. It was produced by the famous Vanda & Young team who have worked with AC/DC, The Angels and Stevie Wright. The album was released as Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw (or \"Rock 'n' Roll Outlaws\") in some markets. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. Rose Tattoo formed in Sydney in 1976 by Pete Wells who wanted a tough slide guitar based band. They recorded their debut single, \"Bad Boy for Love\" with Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Mick Cocks on rhythm guitar, Ian Rilen on bass guitar, Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums and Peter Wells on slide guitar during mid-1977. Rilen, the song's writer departed to form punk rock group, X, prior to its release in October 1977. The single was produced by Vanda & Young (ex-The Easybeats, AC/DC's producers) and peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. To cover Rilen's departure, Cocks switched to bass guitar, then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought in. Anderson's one-time band mate, bass guitarist Geordie Leach was recruited to replace Turner and record their self-titled debut LP, \"Rose Tattoo\", which reached the top 40 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart in November 1978. The album, produced by Vanda & Young, was released in some markets as \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" from their second Australian single, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" which did not reach the top 50. Leach left the band in May 1979 to be replaced in October by guitarist Lobby Loyde (Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries).", "In 1980 Heaven was a heavy metal band formed in Sydney, they had issued a debut album, \"Twilight of Mischief\". In May 1982 Cocks replaced John Haese on guitar and the group toured the United States' West Coast supporting M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Dio. They relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a second album for RCA during 1983, \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\", which spawned the single, \"Rock School\". In September 1983 Cocks \"had been ousted from Heaven\" to be replaced by Evans. In November 1984, Cocks re-joined his ex-Rose Tattoo band mates, Rilen, Leach, Royall and Wells to form Illustrated Men \u2013 with Rilen handling lead vocals \u2013 which toured Australia. The group \"played loud, barnstorming rock'n'roll in the Rose Tattoo tradition. Most of the songs in the band's repertoire had been written by Rilen\". By mid-1985 Illustrated Men had disbanded. From 1990 Anderson attempted to reform Rose Tattoo with Cocks but the death of Royall in 1991 of cancer stalled the process. In 1993 Rose Tattoo reunited, with Cocks and new drummer Paul DeMarco, to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to other projects. Cocks has also been a member of Pete Wells Heart Attack (1995) and the Ted Mulry Gang. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 as Cocks, Anderson, Wells, Rilen and DeMarco, and undertook an Australian tour. The following year Rilen was replaced by Leach again but Cocks left soon after. In 2003 Cocks rejoined Rose Tattoo to write tracks with Anderson which were recorded for a future album, \"Blood Brothers\".", "The band toured the United States, recorded an unreleased album in Los Angeles, and then toured Europe (including UK), but by September Loyde had left and Leach had returned. Early in 1981, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" started to chart in Europe, peaking at No. 2 in France, No. 5 in Germany and No. 60 in UK. The line up of Anderson, Cocks, Leach, Royall and Wells toured Europe from April. Three years after their debut the band issued the follow-up album, \"Assault & Battery\" in September, which reached the top 30 in Australia. Both \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" and \"Assault & Battery\" peaked at No. 1 on the UK heavy metal albums chart. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. All tracks written by members of Rose Tattoo as shown. 1990 Repertoire Records re-release bonus tracks Rose Tattoo members Production The song \"Nice Boys\" was covered by Guns N' Roses in 1986 on their \"Live ?! *@ Like a Suicide\" EP and it was later re-released on their 1988 EP \"G N' R Lies\". Axl Rose and Izzy Stradlin have both claimed that Rose Tattoo changed their lives and confirmed to them that their own future was in rock 'n' roll. \" Nice Boys\" was also covered by punk band Nashville Pussy on their 1998 debut EP \" Eat More Pussy.' In 1987, the song \"Rock & Roll Outlaw\" was covered by American band Keel for the soundtrack of the movie \"Dudes\". It has also been covered by Nashville Pussy on their \"High As Hell\" album, L.A. Guns on their \"Rips the Covers Off\" album and founding member Pete Wells Also covered it on his debut solo record \"Everything You Like Tries To Kill You\".", "In 2005, Loyde was diagnosed with lung cancer and a benefit concert, in Melbourne (at which he also played) raised $90,000 for medical costs. In August 2006, Loyde re-joined Rose Tattoo to replace slide guitarist Peter Wells, who had died of cancer. In 1980, Loyde had recorded an as-yet-unreleased album (as from June 2008) in Los Angeles when a member of Rose Tattoo, with Billy Thorpe guesting. He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in August, alongside Rose Tattoo, Divinyls, Icehouse, Daddy Cool and Helen Reddy. Bandmate, Angry Anderson of Rose Tattoo described Loyde's influence: More than anyone else, Lobby helped create the Australian guitar sound, long before Angus [Young] or Billy Thorpe or The Angels or Rose Tattoo. Lobby inspired Australian bands to step forward and play as loud and aggressively as they could. People are still trying to copy it today. The last album Loyde produced and performed on was \"The Odyssey\" by Michael Fein, which was released on 6 October 2008. On 21 April 2007, Lobby Loyde died, from lung cancer, in Box Hill, Melbourne, aged 65. Lobby Loyde's first marriage provided a son, Shane Loyde (born c. 1967). He met Australian actress, Debbie Nankervis (born 1953) when in London in 1979 and they were married for 26 years. Nankervis was later a model and advertising representative. Their children are Frances (born July 1982), Rebecca (born September 1984), Vyvyan (born August 1986) and Lucinda (born March 1988). At the time of his death, on 21 April 2007, he had been separated from Nankervis. Lobby Loyde has produced the following works:", "Mick Cocks  Michael Thomas Cocks (11 January 1955 \u2013 22 December 2009) was an Australian musician, most noted for his guitar and songwriting work with Rose Tattoo. His original sound and style heavily influenced Guns N' Roses, who recorded a cover of the Rose Tattoo song \"Nice Boys\". He was also a member of Heaven, The Headhunters, Illustrated Men, Doomfoxx, Pete Wells Heart Attack and the Ted Mulry Gang. On 16 August 2006, Rose Tattoo were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame. In April 2009 Cocks was diagnosed with liver cancer and died from the disease on 22 December 2009. He was the fifth member of Rose Tattoo to die of cancer, he was predeceased by Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), and Lobby Loyde (2007). Michael Thomas \"Mick\" Cocks was born on 11 January 1955. Rose Tattoo formed in 1976 in Sydney with a line-up of Leigh Johnston on rhythm guitar, Tony Lake on lead vocals, Michael Vandersluys on drums and Peter Wells (ex-Buffalo) on slide guitar. Ian Rilen from Band of Light joined on bass guitar. Cocks soon joined the group and replaced Johnston on rhythm guitar. Lake and Vandersluys were substituted by former Buster Brown members Angry Anderson on vocals and Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums respectively. Rose Tattoo made their public debut on New Year's Eve at the rock club Chequers. The band's debut single \"Bad Boy for Love\" peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1977. When Rilen left the group Cocks switched to bass guitar then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought and, in turn, was replaced by Geordie Leach (ex-Buster Brown)."], "answer": {"text": "Royall kicked his heroin habit. While he was recovering on methadone, cancer exploded through his body, quite sadly.", "answer_start": 1637}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you give me some interesting information about the side projects and temporary reformations?", "answer": {"text": "We didn't reform until '92. In '93, the word got around, because we had reformed with our existing drummer Paul DeMarco.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Paul DeMarco replace somebody?", "answer": {"text": "Anderson, Wells, Cocks, Leach and new drummer Paul DeMarco from Wells' solo band reunited for the 1993 tour.", "answer_start": 646, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where were they touring?", "answer": {"text": "The reunion was brief and each returned to solo projects.", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who was the original drummer?", "answer": {"text": "original drummer \"Digger\" Royall", "answer_start": 1611, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8ca8128154b04779af6517daba8a40a2_0_q#6", "question": "How did the rest of the band feel about that?", "rewrite": "How did the rest of Rose Tattoo feel about Digger Royall's cancer?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He performed the song during the pre-match entertainment at the 1991 AFL Grand Final between Hawthorn and , appearing on top of a Batmobile. According to The Punch's Michael Phelan, Anderson's performance was \"a teeth-gnashing, eyeballs-bleeding, nails-scratching-down-a-blackboard rendition\" and rates it as the worst pre-game display in Australian sporting history. In 1992, Anderson acted in the Australian arena-style revival of \"Jesus Christ Superstar\" as Herod. On Australia Day (26 January) 1993, Anderson was made a Member of the Order of Australia with the citation, \" In recognition of service to the community, particularly as a youth advocate. \" Also that year, Rose Tattoo reunited to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour, Guns N' Roses specifically requested The Tatts to support Them in Australia. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to their solo projects. From 1994, Anderson has used his contacts in the media to organise a Challenge where a particular charity's project was completed with support of community and business groups. Examples of these Challenges include constructing a playground for handicapped children within 48 hours, assisting drought affected farmers with reserve feed for their stock, organising Christmas presents for socially and economically disadvantaged children, building two respite units for people living with and affected by HIV AIDS and delivering artificial limbs for Cambodian land mine victims. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 and undertook an Australian tour. The group has continued to perform despite five Rose Tattoo former band members dying of cancer: Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), Lobby Loyde (2007), and Mick Cocks (2009).", "In 2005, Loyde was diagnosed with lung cancer and a benefit concert, in Melbourne (at which he also played) raised $90,000 for medical costs. In August 2006, Loyde re-joined Rose Tattoo to replace slide guitarist Peter Wells, who had died of cancer. In 1980, Loyde had recorded an as-yet-unreleased album (as from June 2008) in Los Angeles when a member of Rose Tattoo, with Billy Thorpe guesting. He was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in August, alongside Rose Tattoo, Divinyls, Icehouse, Daddy Cool and Helen Reddy. Bandmate, Angry Anderson of Rose Tattoo described Loyde's influence: More than anyone else, Lobby helped create the Australian guitar sound, long before Angus [Young] or Billy Thorpe or The Angels or Rose Tattoo. Lobby inspired Australian bands to step forward and play as loud and aggressively as they could. People are still trying to copy it today. The last album Loyde produced and performed on was \"The Odyssey\" by Michael Fein, which was released on 6 October 2008. On 21 April 2007, Lobby Loyde died, from lung cancer, in Box Hill, Melbourne, aged 65. Lobby Loyde's first marriage provided a son, Shane Loyde (born c. 1967). He met Australian actress, Debbie Nankervis (born 1953) when in London in 1979 and they were married for 26 years. Nankervis was later a model and advertising representative. Their children are Frances (born July 1982), Rebecca (born September 1984), Vyvyan (born August 1986) and Lucinda (born March 1988). At the time of his death, on 21 April 2007, he had been separated from Nankervis. Lobby Loyde has produced the following works:", "Mick Cocks  Michael Thomas Cocks (11 January 1955 \u2013 22 December 2009) was an Australian musician, most noted for his guitar and songwriting work with Rose Tattoo. His original sound and style heavily influenced Guns N' Roses, who recorded a cover of the Rose Tattoo song \"Nice Boys\". He was also a member of Heaven, The Headhunters, Illustrated Men, Doomfoxx, Pete Wells Heart Attack and the Ted Mulry Gang. On 16 August 2006, Rose Tattoo were inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame. In April 2009 Cocks was diagnosed with liver cancer and died from the disease on 22 December 2009. He was the fifth member of Rose Tattoo to die of cancer, he was predeceased by Dallas Royall (1991), Peter Wells (2006), Ian Rilen (2006), and Lobby Loyde (2007). Michael Thomas \"Mick\" Cocks was born on 11 January 1955. Rose Tattoo formed in 1976 in Sydney with a line-up of Leigh Johnston on rhythm guitar, Tony Lake on lead vocals, Michael Vandersluys on drums and Peter Wells (ex-Buffalo) on slide guitar. Ian Rilen from Band of Light joined on bass guitar. Cocks soon joined the group and replaced Johnston on rhythm guitar. Lake and Vandersluys were substituted by former Buster Brown members Angry Anderson on vocals and Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums respectively. Rose Tattoo made their public debut on New Year's Eve at the rock club Chequers. The band's debut single \"Bad Boy for Love\" peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart in 1977. When Rilen left the group Cocks switched to bass guitar then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought and, in turn, was replaced by Geordie Leach (ex-Buster Brown).", "Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album) Rose Tattoo is the debut self-titled album by Australian hard rock band Rose Tattoo released in November 1978 on the Albert Productions label. It was produced by the famous Vanda & Young team who have worked with AC/DC, The Angels and Stevie Wright. The album was released as Rock 'n' Roll Outlaw (or \"Rock 'n' Roll Outlaws\") in some markets. Eight bonus tracks were added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. Rose Tattoo formed in Sydney in 1976 by Pete Wells who wanted a tough slide guitar based band. They recorded their debut single, \"Bad Boy for Love\" with Angry Anderson on lead vocals, Mick Cocks on rhythm guitar, Ian Rilen on bass guitar, Dallas \"Digger\" Royall on drums and Peter Wells on slide guitar during mid-1977. Rilen, the song's writer departed to form punk rock group, X, prior to its release in October 1977. The single was produced by Vanda & Young (ex-The Easybeats, AC/DC's producers) and peaked at No. 19 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart. To cover Rilen's departure, Cocks switched to bass guitar, then Chris Turner (ex-Buffalo) was brought in. Anderson's one-time band mate, bass guitarist Geordie Leach was recruited to replace Turner and record their self-titled debut LP, \"Rose Tattoo\", which reached the top 40 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart in November 1978. The album, produced by Vanda & Young, was released in some markets as \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" from their second Australian single, \"Rock N' Roll Outlaw\" which did not reach the top 50. Leach left the band in May 1979 to be replaced in October by guitarist Lobby Loyde (Purple Hearts, Wild Cherries).", "In 1980 Heaven was a heavy metal band formed in Sydney, they had issued a debut album, \"Twilight of Mischief\". In May 1982 Cocks replaced John Haese on guitar and the group toured the United States' West Coast supporting M\u00f6tley Cr\u00fce and Dio. They relocated to Los Angeles and recorded a second album for RCA during 1983, \"Where Angels Fear to Tread\", which spawned the single, \"Rock School\". In September 1983 Cocks \"had been ousted from Heaven\" to be replaced by Evans. In November 1984, Cocks re-joined his ex-Rose Tattoo band mates, Rilen, Leach, Royall and Wells to form Illustrated Men \u2013 with Rilen handling lead vocals \u2013 which toured Australia. The group \"played loud, barnstorming rock'n'roll in the Rose Tattoo tradition. Most of the songs in the band's repertoire had been written by Rilen\". By mid-1985 Illustrated Men had disbanded. From 1990 Anderson attempted to reform Rose Tattoo with Cocks but the death of Royall in 1991 of cancer stalled the process. In 1993 Rose Tattoo reunited, with Cocks and new drummer Paul DeMarco, to support Guns N' Roses on the Australian leg of their Use Your Illusion Tour. However the reunion was short-lived and the band's members returned to other projects. Cocks has also been a member of Pete Wells Heart Attack (1995) and the Ted Mulry Gang. Rose Tattoo reconvened in 1998 as Cocks, Anderson, Wells, Rilen and DeMarco, and undertook an Australian tour. The following year Rilen was replaced by Leach again but Cocks left soon after. In 2003 Cocks rejoined Rose Tattoo to write tracks with Anderson which were recorded for a future album, \"Blood Brothers\"."], "answer": {"text": "That shook the band so badly on a personal level, because we had been so enthusiastic to reform.", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What side projects did Rose Tattoo have between 1987 and 1997?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Could you give me some interesting information about the side projects and temporary reformations?", "answer": {"text": "We didn't reform until '92. In '93, the word got around, because we had reformed with our existing drummer Paul DeMarco.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did Paul DeMarco replace somebody?", "answer": {"text": "Anderson, Wells, Cocks, Leach and new drummer Paul DeMarco from Wells' solo band reunited for the 1993 tour.", "answer_start": 646, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where were they touring?", "answer": {"text": "The reunion was brief and each returned to solo projects.", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "who was the original drummer?", "answer": {"text": "original drummer \"Digger\" Royall", "answer_start": 1611, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to Digger?", "answer": {"text": "Royall kicked his heroin habit. While he was recovering on methadone, cancer exploded through his body, quite sadly.", "answer_start": 1637, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8ca45a776974b3386ed86433d463f68_1_q#0", "question": "How did King Crimson work with improvisations ?", "rewrite": "How did King Crimson work with improvisations ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs."], "answer": {"text": "After their first US tour, King Crimson was in a state of flux with various line-up changes, thwarted tour plans, and difficulties in finding a satisfactory musical direction.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d8ca45a776974b3386ed86433d463f68_1_q#1", "question": "Which cities did they tour ?", "rewrite": "Which cities did King Crimson tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "Live in Toronto (King Crimson album) Live in Toronto is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2016. The album was recorded on 20 November at the Queen Elizabeth Theatre in Toronto, Canada during the band's The Elements of King Crimson tour of 2015. It is the second full-length release by the current seven-piece incarnation of the band and featured new compositions never before released by the band on record. The album has received positive reviews. John Kelman, writing for All About Jazz, praises the new lineup, noting \u201c\u2026 with the triple drum set arrangements, twin guitars, reeds and woodwinds, and bass and stick, all played by top- drawer musicians capable of respecting every song's formal construction while, at the same time, introducing interpretive variations and impressive solos, this is no tribute band; this is a Crimson\u2026 bringing the music firmly into the 21st Century.\u201d Mark Hughes of Dutch Progressive Rock Page noted that \u201c(t)he older material is perfectly interpreted/reinterpreted, but with a new vigour and purpose to proceedings. Jakszyk provides assured vocal lines and sounds uncannily like Wetton on the intro to \u2018Easy Money\u2019. However, it is the overall interaction of all seven musicians that makes this performance stand out so much.\u201d Regarding the new compositions, Dom Lawson writes for Prog magazine, \u201cPart wholesale reinvention, part meticulous refinement, the\u2026 new material crackles and pops with exuberance and the infectious thump of hearts buoyed by fresh adrenalin.\u201d King Crimson Production", "ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did King Crimson work with improvisations ?", "answer": {"text": "After their first US tour, King Crimson was in a state of flux with various line-up changes, thwarted tour plans, and difficulties in finding a satisfactory musical direction.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8ca45a776974b3386ed86433d463f68_1_q#2", "question": "How did they improvise together ?", "rewrite": "How did King Crimson improvise together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Crimson Jazz Trio The Crimson Jazz Trio was a jazz trio led by drummer Ian Wallace, formerly of King Crimson, who re-interpreted King Crimson's music. The trio was conceived by Wallace, who recruited Tim Landers (bass) and Jody Nardone (piano) in 2004. They recorded the album \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume One\" (Voiceprint) in 2005. The album includes material from beyond Wallace's early 1970s tenure in King Crimson. It was supported with a few live dates in different parts of the U.S., but plans for further touring were scrapped due to Wallace's falling ill. The band finished recording a second album, \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume Two\", with assistance from Jakko Jakszyk and Mel Collins (Wallace's colleagues in 21st Century Schizoid Band; Collins is also a King Crimson alumnus and Jakszyk later joined King Crimson) before Wallace died on February 22, 2007. It was released on April 7, 2009 on Inner Knot Records.", "King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson.", "ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply."], "answer": {"text": "Fripp and Sinfield recorded the second King Crimson album, In the Wake of Poseidon, in 1970 with the Giles brothers hired back as the session rhythm section,", "answer_start": 461}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did King Crimson work with improvisations ?", "answer": {"text": "After their first US tour, King Crimson was in a state of flux with various line-up changes, thwarted tour plans, and difficulties in finding a satisfactory musical direction.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which cities did they tour ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8ca45a776974b3386ed86433d463f68_1_q#3", "question": "How did the album do in the charts ?", "rewrite": "How did King Crimson's album do in the charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson.", "Crimson Jazz Trio The Crimson Jazz Trio was a jazz trio led by drummer Ian Wallace, formerly of King Crimson, who re-interpreted King Crimson's music. The trio was conceived by Wallace, who recruited Tim Landers (bass) and Jody Nardone (piano) in 2004. They recorded the album \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume One\" (Voiceprint) in 2005. The album includes material from beyond Wallace's early 1970s tenure in King Crimson. It was supported with a few live dates in different parts of the U.S., but plans for further touring were scrapped due to Wallace's falling ill. The band finished recording a second album, \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume Two\", with assistance from Jakko Jakszyk and Mel Collins (Wallace's colleagues in 21st Century Schizoid Band; Collins is also a King Crimson alumnus and Jakszyk later joined King Crimson) before Wallace died on February 22, 2007. It was released on April 7, 2009 on Inner Knot Records.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did King Crimson work with improvisations ?", "answer": {"text": "After their first US tour, King Crimson was in a state of flux with various line-up changes, thwarted tour plans, and difficulties in finding a satisfactory musical direction.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which cities did they tour ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they improvise together ?", "answer": {"text": "Fripp and Sinfield recorded the second King Crimson album, In the Wake of Poseidon, in 1970 with the Giles brothers hired back as the session rhythm section,", "answer_start": 461, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8ca45a776974b3386ed86433d463f68_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about King Crimson and improvisation other than how King Crimson worked, what cities King Crimson toured, how King Crimson's albums did on the charts, and how King Crimson improvised together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "Despite the disagreements of the time, the members of the 1981\u20131984 King Crimson maintained enough camaraderie and mutual respect to reunite in 1994 (adding second drummer Pat Mastellotto and Warr guitarist Trey Gunn) with Belew continuing as the band's singer, guitarist, and frontman. The six-piece King Crimson toured successfully and were together until 1997, releasing the \"THRAK\" album and several live recordings. From 1997 onward, Belew participated in several of the ProjeKcts, a series of instrumental and experimental King Crimson side projects active during the band's hiatuses, in which he predominantly played electronic drums. Belew was a member of the slimmed-down quartet version of King Crimson (minus Bruford and Levin) which played and recorded between 2000 and 2004, releasing \"the construKction of light\" and \"The Power to Believe\" (in addition to several live albums and EPs), as well as touring as an opening act for Tool in 2001. After a further four-year hiatus, the band returned to active work in 2008 as a five-piece (with the addition of Porcupine Tree drummer Gavin Harrison, and Levin returning to replace Gunn). From 2000 through 2008, King Crimson used Belew's studio at his home outside Mount Juliet, Tennessee, for rehearsals and recording. In September 2013, following yet another four-year band hiatus, Fripp announced the formation of a new seven-piece King Crimson which did not include Belew. Belew stated on his Facebook page that Fripp had told him that he \"would not be right\" for what Fripp had in mind for the new version of the band.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson."], "answer": {"text": "Upon its release in May 1970, In the Wake of Poseidon reached No. 4 in the UK and No. 31 in the US.", "answer_start": 1107}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did King Crimson work with improvisations ?", "answer": {"text": "After their first US tour, King Crimson was in a state of flux with various line-up changes, thwarted tour plans, and difficulties in finding a satisfactory musical direction.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which cities did they tour ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they improvise together ?", "answer": {"text": "Fripp and Sinfield recorded the second King Crimson album, In the Wake of Poseidon, in 1970 with the Giles brothers hired back as the session rhythm section,", "answer_start": 461, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the album do in the charts ?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a944f36a6287448db2ccbb1de5afa6ce_1_q#0", "question": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "rewrite": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Speakers have included: Sheryl Sandberg, Shirley Jackson, Carol Bartz, Duy-Loan Le, Maria Klawe, Frances E. Allen, Mary Lou Jepsen, Barbara Liskov, Susan Landau, Jennifer Mankoff, Susan L. Graham, Melinda Gates, and Fernanda Viegas. Speaker presentations are available to watch online after the conference. The Grace Hopper Celebration features one of the largest technical poster sessions of any conference, with over 175 posters. Presenters can choose to have their posters considered for the ACM Student Research Competition (SRC) at the Grace Hopper Celebration, the largest SRC of any technical conference. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech. There are a total of eight Abie Awards: the Technical Leadership Abie Award, Student of Vision Abie Award, Emerging Technologist Abie Award, Educational Abie Award in Honor of A. Richard Newton, Social Impact Abie Award, Technology Entrepreneurship Abie Award, Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton, and Change Agent Abie Award. Each year, five Abie Awards are presented at Grace Hopper Celebration (the Technical Leadership Abie Award and Student of Vision Abie Award are awarded every year, while the remaining awards alternate each year). Past Abie Award winners include Ruzena Bajcsy, BlogHer, Elaine Weyuker and Unoma Ndili Okorafor. The Computing Research Association\u2019s Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W) sponsors a series of sessions at the Grace Hopper Celebration aimed at undergraduates, graduates, and early career researchers. Sessions cover topics such as applying to graduate school, publishing papers, networking, work-life balance, and more.", "Hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the K-12 Computing Teachers Workshop is a two-day event for K-12 teachers, covering challenges and ways to involve more girls in computer science. The workshop began in 2009, attracting more than 650 applications its first year. Begun in 2007, the Technical Executive Forum convenes high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and share solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. In 2010, 65 executives attended the event, from companies including Microsoft, Google, and Symantec. The Senior Women\u2019s Summit is a one-day event held at the Grace Hopper Celebration, that brings together senior-level women to discuss issues facing senior technical women and provide a learning and networking platform. Grace Hopper Open Source Day was held for the first time in 2011. One-day registration is open to the public and included for all conference attendees. The event includes a codeathon, skill-building workshop, and exhibition space featuring open source projects. Participating organizations have included Google Crisis Response, Mozilla, Sahana Software Foundation, The Women\u2019s Peer-to-Peer Network, Open Data Kit, Microsoft Disaster Response, OpenHatch, Wikimedia Foundation, E-Democracy, Systers, WordPress and OpenStack. The Grace Hopper Celebration features a career fair with over 70 high-tech companies, government labs, and universities. Students make up approximately half of the attendees at the Grace Hopper Celebration. The Anita Borg Institute offers scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students to attend the conference. The scholarship includes: In 2010, 321 scholarships were awarded. In addition to the GHC Scholarship, Anita Borg Institute offers the ABI-Heinz College Partnership Program.", "The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. Named in honor of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the conference is presented by AnitaB.org and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The conference features technical sessions and career sessions, including keynote speakers, a poster session, career fair, and awards ceremony. The 2017 conference was held in Orlando, Florida. The 2018 conference will be held in Houston, Texas. The Technical Executive Forum, held annually at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, brings together high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. A two-day workshop for K\u201312 computer science teachers is also held at the conference, hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the AnitaB.org. The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India is the largest conference for technical women in India. Established in 2010, the two-day conference is modeled after the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing and includes multiple tracks with keynote speakers, panels, social networking sessions, and a poster session. The Grace Hopper Regional Consortium is an initiative of AnitaB.org, the ACM Council on Women in Computing, and the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT). Two-day regional conferences attract between 50 and 200 attendees and include keynote speakers, poster sessions, panel discussions, professional development workshops, birds of a feather (Twitter) sessions, and research presentations. There have been 17 regional conferences to date, with 12 upcoming conferences planned. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech.", "Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the world's largest gathering of women in computing. The celebration, named after computer scientist Grace Hopper, is organized by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. The 2020 conference will be held in Orlando, Florida from September 29October 2. In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision. The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women. More than a dozen conferences have been held from 1994 to the present; the second was held in 1997 and the conference has been held annually since 2006. The sold-out 2010 conference attracted 2,147 attendees from 29 countries. Beginning in 2011, the conference has been held in a convention center to accommodate its growing size. The Grace Hopper Celebration consists of a combination of technical sessions and career sessions and includes a poster session, career fair, awards ceremony, and more. The conference features 650 presenters. Potential presenters submit proposals for panels, workshops, presentations, Birds of a Feather sessions, New Investigators papers, PhD Forum, and Poster Session, including ACM Student Research Competition. The Grace Hopper Celebration features 10 tracks:  2010 featured tracks on Open Source and Human-Computer Interaction. The Technical Theme Track for 2011 focused on large scale computing. The Grace Hopper Celebration features prominent women in technology as Keynote Speakers, Plenary Session Panelists, and Invited Technical Speakers.", "AnitaB.org AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global nonprofit organization based in Belmont, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD, the institute\u2019s primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute\u2019s most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original \u201cComputer Science for All\u201d initiative. AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists, Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Anita Borg served as CEO of the Institute for Women in Technology from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, Whitney became President and CEO, and in 2003, the institute was renamed the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. In 2017, Whitney retired and Brenda Darden Wilkerson took over as President and CEO. The organization was also renamed AnitaB.org. Its mission is to increase the impact of women on all aspects of technology, and increase the positive impact of technology on the world\u2019s women."], "answer": {"text": "she was hired as a senior consultant to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).", "answer_start": 40}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a944f36a6287448db2ccbb1de5afa6ce_1_q#1", "question": "What did she do in this role?", "rewrite": "What did Grace Hopper do as a senior consultant?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Speakers have included: Sheryl Sandberg, Shirley Jackson, Carol Bartz, Duy-Loan Le, Maria Klawe, Frances E. Allen, Mary Lou Jepsen, Barbara Liskov, Susan Landau, Jennifer Mankoff, Susan L. Graham, Melinda Gates, and Fernanda Viegas. Speaker presentations are available to watch online after the conference. The Grace Hopper Celebration features one of the largest technical poster sessions of any conference, with over 175 posters. Presenters can choose to have their posters considered for the ACM Student Research Competition (SRC) at the Grace Hopper Celebration, the largest SRC of any technical conference. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech. There are a total of eight Abie Awards: the Technical Leadership Abie Award, Student of Vision Abie Award, Emerging Technologist Abie Award, Educational Abie Award in Honor of A. Richard Newton, Social Impact Abie Award, Technology Entrepreneurship Abie Award, Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton, and Change Agent Abie Award. Each year, five Abie Awards are presented at Grace Hopper Celebration (the Technical Leadership Abie Award and Student of Vision Abie Award are awarded every year, while the remaining awards alternate each year). Past Abie Award winners include Ruzena Bajcsy, BlogHer, Elaine Weyuker and Unoma Ndili Okorafor. The Computing Research Association\u2019s Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W) sponsors a series of sessions at the Grace Hopper Celebration aimed at undergraduates, graduates, and early career researchers. Sessions cover topics such as applying to graduate school, publishing papers, networking, work-life balance, and more.", "The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. Named in honor of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the conference is presented by AnitaB.org and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The conference features technical sessions and career sessions, including keynote speakers, a poster session, career fair, and awards ceremony. The 2017 conference was held in Orlando, Florida. The 2018 conference will be held in Houston, Texas. The Technical Executive Forum, held annually at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, brings together high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. A two-day workshop for K\u201312 computer science teachers is also held at the conference, hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the AnitaB.org. The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India is the largest conference for technical women in India. Established in 2010, the two-day conference is modeled after the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing and includes multiple tracks with keynote speakers, panels, social networking sessions, and a poster session. The Grace Hopper Regional Consortium is an initiative of AnitaB.org, the ACM Council on Women in Computing, and the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT). Two-day regional conferences attract between 50 and 200 attendees and include keynote speakers, poster sessions, panel discussions, professional development workshops, birds of a feather (Twitter) sessions, and research presentations. There have been 17 regional conferences to date, with 12 upcoming conferences planned. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech.", "Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the world's largest gathering of women in computing. The celebration, named after computer scientist Grace Hopper, is organized by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. The 2020 conference will be held in Orlando, Florida from September 29October 2. In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision. The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women. More than a dozen conferences have been held from 1994 to the present; the second was held in 1997 and the conference has been held annually since 2006. The sold-out 2010 conference attracted 2,147 attendees from 29 countries. Beginning in 2011, the conference has been held in a convention center to accommodate its growing size. The Grace Hopper Celebration consists of a combination of technical sessions and career sessions and includes a poster session, career fair, awards ceremony, and more. The conference features 650 presenters. Potential presenters submit proposals for panels, workshops, presentations, Birds of a Feather sessions, New Investigators papers, PhD Forum, and Poster Session, including ACM Student Research Competition. The Grace Hopper Celebration features 10 tracks:  2010 featured tracks on Open Source and Human-Computer Interaction. The Technical Theme Track for 2011 focused on large scale computing. The Grace Hopper Celebration features prominent women in technology as Keynote Speakers, Plenary Session Panelists, and Invited Technical Speakers.", "AnitaB.org AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global nonprofit organization based in Belmont, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD, the institute\u2019s primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute\u2019s most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original \u201cComputer Science for All\u201d initiative. AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists, Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Anita Borg served as CEO of the Institute for Women in Technology from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, Whitney became President and CEO, and in 2003, the institute was renamed the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. In 2017, Whitney retired and Brenda Darden Wilkerson took over as President and CEO. The organization was also renamed AnitaB.org. Its mission is to increase the impact of women on all aspects of technology, and increase the positive impact of technology on the world\u2019s women.", "Hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the K-12 Computing Teachers Workshop is a two-day event for K-12 teachers, covering challenges and ways to involve more girls in computer science. The workshop began in 2009, attracting more than 650 applications its first year. Begun in 2007, the Technical Executive Forum convenes high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and share solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. In 2010, 65 executives attended the event, from companies including Microsoft, Google, and Symantec. The Senior Women\u2019s Summit is a one-day event held at the Grace Hopper Celebration, that brings together senior-level women to discuss issues facing senior technical women and provide a learning and networking platform. Grace Hopper Open Source Day was held for the first time in 2011. One-day registration is open to the public and included for all conference attendees. The event includes a codeathon, skill-building workshop, and exhibition space featuring open source projects. Participating organizations have included Google Crisis Response, Mozilla, Sahana Software Foundation, The Women\u2019s Peer-to-Peer Network, Open Data Kit, Microsoft Disaster Response, OpenHatch, Wikimedia Foundation, E-Democracy, Systers, WordPress and OpenStack. The Grace Hopper Celebration features a career fair with over 70 high-tech companies, government labs, and universities. Students make up approximately half of the attendees at the Grace Hopper Celebration. The Anita Borg Institute offers scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students to attend the conference. The scholarship includes: In 2010, 321 scholarships were awarded. In addition to the GHC Scholarship, Anita Borg Institute offers the ABI-Heinz College Partnership Program."], "answer": {"text": "In this position, Hopper represented the company at industry forums, serving on various industry committees, along with other obligations.", "answer_start": 677}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "answer": {"text": "she was hired as a senior consultant to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a944f36a6287448db2ccbb1de5afa6ce_1_q#2", "question": "Did she give speeches?", "rewrite": "Did Grace Hopper give speeches?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the K-12 Computing Teachers Workshop is a two-day event for K-12 teachers, covering challenges and ways to involve more girls in computer science. The workshop began in 2009, attracting more than 650 applications its first year. Begun in 2007, the Technical Executive Forum convenes high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and share solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. In 2010, 65 executives attended the event, from companies including Microsoft, Google, and Symantec. The Senior Women\u2019s Summit is a one-day event held at the Grace Hopper Celebration, that brings together senior-level women to discuss issues facing senior technical women and provide a learning and networking platform. Grace Hopper Open Source Day was held for the first time in 2011. One-day registration is open to the public and included for all conference attendees. The event includes a codeathon, skill-building workshop, and exhibition space featuring open source projects. Participating organizations have included Google Crisis Response, Mozilla, Sahana Software Foundation, The Women\u2019s Peer-to-Peer Network, Open Data Kit, Microsoft Disaster Response, OpenHatch, Wikimedia Foundation, E-Democracy, Systers, WordPress and OpenStack. The Grace Hopper Celebration features a career fair with over 70 high-tech companies, government labs, and universities. Students make up approximately half of the attendees at the Grace Hopper Celebration. The Anita Borg Institute offers scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students to attend the conference. The scholarship includes: In 2010, 321 scholarships were awarded. In addition to the GHC Scholarship, Anita Borg Institute offers the ABI-Heinz College Partnership Program.", "Speakers have included: Sheryl Sandberg, Shirley Jackson, Carol Bartz, Duy-Loan Le, Maria Klawe, Frances E. Allen, Mary Lou Jepsen, Barbara Liskov, Susan Landau, Jennifer Mankoff, Susan L. Graham, Melinda Gates, and Fernanda Viegas. Speaker presentations are available to watch online after the conference. The Grace Hopper Celebration features one of the largest technical poster sessions of any conference, with over 175 posters. Presenters can choose to have their posters considered for the ACM Student Research Competition (SRC) at the Grace Hopper Celebration, the largest SRC of any technical conference. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech. There are a total of eight Abie Awards: the Technical Leadership Abie Award, Student of Vision Abie Award, Emerging Technologist Abie Award, Educational Abie Award in Honor of A. Richard Newton, Social Impact Abie Award, Technology Entrepreneurship Abie Award, Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton, and Change Agent Abie Award. Each year, five Abie Awards are presented at Grace Hopper Celebration (the Technical Leadership Abie Award and Student of Vision Abie Award are awarded every year, while the remaining awards alternate each year). Past Abie Award winners include Ruzena Bajcsy, BlogHer, Elaine Weyuker and Unoma Ndili Okorafor. The Computing Research Association\u2019s Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W) sponsors a series of sessions at the Grace Hopper Celebration aimed at undergraduates, graduates, and early career researchers. Sessions cover topics such as applying to graduate school, publishing papers, networking, work-life balance, and more.", "Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the world's largest gathering of women in computing. The celebration, named after computer scientist Grace Hopper, is organized by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. The 2020 conference will be held in Orlando, Florida from September 29October 2. In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision. The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women. More than a dozen conferences have been held from 1994 to the present; the second was held in 1997 and the conference has been held annually since 2006. The sold-out 2010 conference attracted 2,147 attendees from 29 countries. Beginning in 2011, the conference has been held in a convention center to accommodate its growing size. The Grace Hopper Celebration consists of a combination of technical sessions and career sessions and includes a poster session, career fair, awards ceremony, and more. The conference features 650 presenters. Potential presenters submit proposals for panels, workshops, presentations, Birds of a Feather sessions, New Investigators papers, PhD Forum, and Poster Session, including ACM Student Research Competition. The Grace Hopper Celebration features 10 tracks:  2010 featured tracks on Open Source and Human-Computer Interaction. The Technical Theme Track for 2011 focused on large scale computing. The Grace Hopper Celebration features prominent women in technology as Keynote Speakers, Plenary Session Panelists, and Invited Technical Speakers.", "The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. Named in honor of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the conference is presented by AnitaB.org and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The conference features technical sessions and career sessions, including keynote speakers, a poster session, career fair, and awards ceremony. The 2017 conference was held in Orlando, Florida. The 2018 conference will be held in Houston, Texas. The Technical Executive Forum, held annually at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, brings together high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. A two-day workshop for K\u201312 computer science teachers is also held at the conference, hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the AnitaB.org. The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India is the largest conference for technical women in India. Established in 2010, the two-day conference is modeled after the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing and includes multiple tracks with keynote speakers, panels, social networking sessions, and a poster session. The Grace Hopper Regional Consortium is an initiative of AnitaB.org, the ACM Council on Women in Computing, and the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT). Two-day regional conferences attract between 50 and 200 attendees and include keynote speakers, poster sessions, panel discussions, professional development workshops, birds of a feather (Twitter) sessions, and research presentations. There have been 17 regional conferences to date, with 12 upcoming conferences planned. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech.", "AnitaB.org AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global nonprofit organization based in Belmont, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD, the institute\u2019s primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute\u2019s most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original \u201cComputer Science for All\u201d initiative. AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists, Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Anita Borg served as CEO of the Institute for Women in Technology from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, Whitney became President and CEO, and in 2003, the institute was renamed the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. In 2017, Whitney retired and Brenda Darden Wilkerson took over as President and CEO. The organization was also renamed AnitaB.org. Its mission is to increase the impact of women on all aspects of technology, and increase the positive impact of technology on the world\u2019s women."], "answer": {"text": "She lectured widely", "answer_start": 953}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "answer": {"text": "she was hired as a senior consultant to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in this role?", "answer": {"text": "In this position, Hopper represented the company at industry forums, serving on various industry committees, along with other obligations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a944f36a6287448db2ccbb1de5afa6ce_1_q#3", "question": "What was her biggest contribution post-retirement?", "rewrite": "What was Grace Hopper's biggest contribution post-retirement?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the K-12 Computing Teachers Workshop is a two-day event for K-12 teachers, covering challenges and ways to involve more girls in computer science. The workshop began in 2009, attracting more than 650 applications its first year. Begun in 2007, the Technical Executive Forum convenes high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and share solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. In 2010, 65 executives attended the event, from companies including Microsoft, Google, and Symantec. The Senior Women\u2019s Summit is a one-day event held at the Grace Hopper Celebration, that brings together senior-level women to discuss issues facing senior technical women and provide a learning and networking platform. Grace Hopper Open Source Day was held for the first time in 2011. One-day registration is open to the public and included for all conference attendees. The event includes a codeathon, skill-building workshop, and exhibition space featuring open source projects. Participating organizations have included Google Crisis Response, Mozilla, Sahana Software Foundation, The Women\u2019s Peer-to-Peer Network, Open Data Kit, Microsoft Disaster Response, OpenHatch, Wikimedia Foundation, E-Democracy, Systers, WordPress and OpenStack. The Grace Hopper Celebration features a career fair with over 70 high-tech companies, government labs, and universities. Students make up approximately half of the attendees at the Grace Hopper Celebration. The Anita Borg Institute offers scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students to attend the conference. The scholarship includes: In 2010, 321 scholarships were awarded. In addition to the GHC Scholarship, Anita Borg Institute offers the ABI-Heinz College Partnership Program.", "Speakers have included: Sheryl Sandberg, Shirley Jackson, Carol Bartz, Duy-Loan Le, Maria Klawe, Frances E. Allen, Mary Lou Jepsen, Barbara Liskov, Susan Landau, Jennifer Mankoff, Susan L. Graham, Melinda Gates, and Fernanda Viegas. Speaker presentations are available to watch online after the conference. The Grace Hopper Celebration features one of the largest technical poster sessions of any conference, with over 175 posters. Presenters can choose to have their posters considered for the ACM Student Research Competition (SRC) at the Grace Hopper Celebration, the largest SRC of any technical conference. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech. There are a total of eight Abie Awards: the Technical Leadership Abie Award, Student of Vision Abie Award, Emerging Technologist Abie Award, Educational Abie Award in Honor of A. Richard Newton, Social Impact Abie Award, Technology Entrepreneurship Abie Award, Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton, and Change Agent Abie Award. Each year, five Abie Awards are presented at Grace Hopper Celebration (the Technical Leadership Abie Award and Student of Vision Abie Award are awarded every year, while the remaining awards alternate each year). Past Abie Award winners include Ruzena Bajcsy, BlogHer, Elaine Weyuker and Unoma Ndili Okorafor. The Computing Research Association\u2019s Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W) sponsors a series of sessions at the Grace Hopper Celebration aimed at undergraduates, graduates, and early career researchers. Sessions cover topics such as applying to graduate school, publishing papers, networking, work-life balance, and more.", "The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. Named in honor of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the conference is presented by AnitaB.org and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The conference features technical sessions and career sessions, including keynote speakers, a poster session, career fair, and awards ceremony. The 2017 conference was held in Orlando, Florida. The 2018 conference will be held in Houston, Texas. The Technical Executive Forum, held annually at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, brings together high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. A two-day workshop for K\u201312 computer science teachers is also held at the conference, hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the AnitaB.org. The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India is the largest conference for technical women in India. Established in 2010, the two-day conference is modeled after the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing and includes multiple tracks with keynote speakers, panels, social networking sessions, and a poster session. The Grace Hopper Regional Consortium is an initiative of AnitaB.org, the ACM Council on Women in Computing, and the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT). Two-day regional conferences attract between 50 and 200 attendees and include keynote speakers, poster sessions, panel discussions, professional development workshops, birds of a feather (Twitter) sessions, and research presentations. There have been 17 regional conferences to date, with 12 upcoming conferences planned. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech.", "AnitaB.org AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global nonprofit organization based in Belmont, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD, the institute\u2019s primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute\u2019s most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original \u201cComputer Science for All\u201d initiative. AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists, Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Anita Borg served as CEO of the Institute for Women in Technology from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, Whitney became President and CEO, and in 2003, the institute was renamed the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. In 2017, Whitney retired and Brenda Darden Wilkerson took over as President and CEO. The organization was also renamed AnitaB.org. Its mission is to increase the impact of women on all aspects of technology, and increase the positive impact of technology on the world\u2019s women.", "Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the world's largest gathering of women in computing. The celebration, named after computer scientist Grace Hopper, is organized by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. The 2020 conference will be held in Orlando, Florida from September 29October 2. In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision. The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women. More than a dozen conferences have been held from 1994 to the present; the second was held in 1997 and the conference has been held annually since 2006. The sold-out 2010 conference attracted 2,147 attendees from 29 countries. Beginning in 2011, the conference has been held in a convention center to accommodate its growing size. The Grace Hopper Celebration consists of a combination of technical sessions and career sessions and includes a poster session, career fair, awards ceremony, and more. The conference features 650 presenters. Potential presenters submit proposals for panels, workshops, presentations, Birds of a Feather sessions, New Investigators papers, PhD Forum, and Poster Session, including ACM Student Research Competition. The Grace Hopper Celebration features 10 tracks:  2010 featured tracks on Open Source and Human-Computer Interaction. The Technical Theme Track for 2011 focused on large scale computing. The Grace Hopper Celebration features prominent women in technology as Keynote Speakers, Plenary Session Panelists, and Invited Technical Speakers."], "answer": {"text": "The most important thing I've accomplished, other than building the compiler, is training young people.", "answer_start": 1799}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "answer": {"text": "she was hired as a senior consultant to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in this role?", "answer": {"text": "In this position, Hopper represented the company at industry forums, serving on various industry committees, along with other obligations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she give speeches?", "answer": {"text": "She lectured widely", "answer_start": 953, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a944f36a6287448db2ccbb1de5afa6ce_1_q#4", "question": "Did she do work with young people after retirement?", "rewrite": "Did Grace Hopper do work with young people after retirement?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. Named in honor of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the conference is presented by AnitaB.org and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The conference features technical sessions and career sessions, including keynote speakers, a poster session, career fair, and awards ceremony. The 2017 conference was held in Orlando, Florida. The 2018 conference will be held in Houston, Texas. The Technical Executive Forum, held annually at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, brings together high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. A two-day workshop for K\u201312 computer science teachers is also held at the conference, hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the AnitaB.org. The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India is the largest conference for technical women in India. Established in 2010, the two-day conference is modeled after the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing and includes multiple tracks with keynote speakers, panels, social networking sessions, and a poster session. The Grace Hopper Regional Consortium is an initiative of AnitaB.org, the ACM Council on Women in Computing, and the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT). Two-day regional conferences attract between 50 and 200 attendees and include keynote speakers, poster sessions, panel discussions, professional development workshops, birds of a feather (Twitter) sessions, and research presentations. There have been 17 regional conferences to date, with 12 upcoming conferences planned. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech.", "AnitaB.org AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global nonprofit organization based in Belmont, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD, the institute\u2019s primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute\u2019s most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original \u201cComputer Science for All\u201d initiative. AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists, Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Anita Borg served as CEO of the Institute for Women in Technology from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, Whitney became President and CEO, and in 2003, the institute was renamed the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. In 2017, Whitney retired and Brenda Darden Wilkerson took over as President and CEO. The organization was also renamed AnitaB.org. Its mission is to increase the impact of women on all aspects of technology, and increase the positive impact of technology on the world\u2019s women.", "Speakers have included: Sheryl Sandberg, Shirley Jackson, Carol Bartz, Duy-Loan Le, Maria Klawe, Frances E. Allen, Mary Lou Jepsen, Barbara Liskov, Susan Landau, Jennifer Mankoff, Susan L. Graham, Melinda Gates, and Fernanda Viegas. Speaker presentations are available to watch online after the conference. The Grace Hopper Celebration features one of the largest technical poster sessions of any conference, with over 175 posters. Presenters can choose to have their posters considered for the ACM Student Research Competition (SRC) at the Grace Hopper Celebration, the largest SRC of any technical conference. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech. There are a total of eight Abie Awards: the Technical Leadership Abie Award, Student of Vision Abie Award, Emerging Technologist Abie Award, Educational Abie Award in Honor of A. Richard Newton, Social Impact Abie Award, Technology Entrepreneurship Abie Award, Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton, and Change Agent Abie Award. Each year, five Abie Awards are presented at Grace Hopper Celebration (the Technical Leadership Abie Award and Student of Vision Abie Award are awarded every year, while the remaining awards alternate each year). Past Abie Award winners include Ruzena Bajcsy, BlogHer, Elaine Weyuker and Unoma Ndili Okorafor. The Computing Research Association\u2019s Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W) sponsors a series of sessions at the Grace Hopper Celebration aimed at undergraduates, graduates, and early career researchers. Sessions cover topics such as applying to graduate school, publishing papers, networking, work-life balance, and more.", "Hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the K-12 Computing Teachers Workshop is a two-day event for K-12 teachers, covering challenges and ways to involve more girls in computer science. The workshop began in 2009, attracting more than 650 applications its first year. Begun in 2007, the Technical Executive Forum convenes high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and share solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. In 2010, 65 executives attended the event, from companies including Microsoft, Google, and Symantec. The Senior Women\u2019s Summit is a one-day event held at the Grace Hopper Celebration, that brings together senior-level women to discuss issues facing senior technical women and provide a learning and networking platform. Grace Hopper Open Source Day was held for the first time in 2011. One-day registration is open to the public and included for all conference attendees. The event includes a codeathon, skill-building workshop, and exhibition space featuring open source projects. Participating organizations have included Google Crisis Response, Mozilla, Sahana Software Foundation, The Women\u2019s Peer-to-Peer Network, Open Data Kit, Microsoft Disaster Response, OpenHatch, Wikimedia Foundation, E-Democracy, Systers, WordPress and OpenStack. The Grace Hopper Celebration features a career fair with over 70 high-tech companies, government labs, and universities. Students make up approximately half of the attendees at the Grace Hopper Celebration. The Anita Borg Institute offers scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students to attend the conference. The scholarship includes: In 2010, 321 scholarships were awarded. In addition to the GHC Scholarship, Anita Borg Institute offers the ABI-Heinz College Partnership Program.", "Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the world's largest gathering of women in computing. The celebration, named after computer scientist Grace Hopper, is organized by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. The 2020 conference will be held in Orlando, Florida from September 29October 2. In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision. The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women. More than a dozen conferences have been held from 1994 to the present; the second was held in 1997 and the conference has been held annually since 2006. The sold-out 2010 conference attracted 2,147 attendees from 29 countries. Beginning in 2011, the conference has been held in a convention center to accommodate its growing size. The Grace Hopper Celebration consists of a combination of technical sessions and career sessions and includes a poster session, career fair, awards ceremony, and more. The conference features 650 presenters. Potential presenters submit proposals for panels, workshops, presentations, Birds of a Feather sessions, New Investigators papers, PhD Forum, and Poster Session, including ACM Student Research Competition. The Grace Hopper Celebration features 10 tracks:  2010 featured tracks on Open Source and Human-Computer Interaction. The Technical Theme Track for 2011 focused on large scale computing. The Grace Hopper Celebration features prominent women in technology as Keynote Speakers, Plenary Session Panelists, and Invited Technical Speakers."], "answer": {"text": "I keep track of them as they get older and I stir 'em up at intervals so they don't forget to take chances.", "answer_start": 119}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "answer": {"text": "she was hired as a senior consultant to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in this role?", "answer": {"text": "In this position, Hopper represented the company at industry forums, serving on various industry committees, along with other obligations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she give speeches?", "answer": {"text": "She lectured widely", "answer_start": 953, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her biggest contribution post-retirement?", "answer": {"text": "The most important thing I've accomplished, other than building the compiler, is training young people.", "answer_start": 1799, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a944f36a6287448db2ccbb1de5afa6ce_1_q#5", "question": "What else did she do in her post-retirement life?", "rewrite": "Aside from working with young people as a consultant, what else did Grace Hopper do in her post-retirement life?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. Named in honor of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the conference is presented by AnitaB.org and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The conference features technical sessions and career sessions, including keynote speakers, a poster session, career fair, and awards ceremony. The 2017 conference was held in Orlando, Florida. The 2018 conference will be held in Houston, Texas. The Technical Executive Forum, held annually at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, brings together high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. A two-day workshop for K\u201312 computer science teachers is also held at the conference, hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the AnitaB.org. The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India is the largest conference for technical women in India. Established in 2010, the two-day conference is modeled after the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing and includes multiple tracks with keynote speakers, panels, social networking sessions, and a poster session. The Grace Hopper Regional Consortium is an initiative of AnitaB.org, the ACM Council on Women in Computing, and the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT). Two-day regional conferences attract between 50 and 200 attendees and include keynote speakers, poster sessions, panel discussions, professional development workshops, birds of a feather (Twitter) sessions, and research presentations. There have been 17 regional conferences to date, with 12 upcoming conferences planned. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech.", "AnitaB.org AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global nonprofit organization based in Belmont, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD, the institute\u2019s primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute\u2019s most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original \u201cComputer Science for All\u201d initiative. AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists, Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Anita Borg served as CEO of the Institute for Women in Technology from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, Whitney became President and CEO, and in 2003, the institute was renamed the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. In 2017, Whitney retired and Brenda Darden Wilkerson took over as President and CEO. The organization was also renamed AnitaB.org. Its mission is to increase the impact of women on all aspects of technology, and increase the positive impact of technology on the world\u2019s women.", "Hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the K-12 Computing Teachers Workshop is a two-day event for K-12 teachers, covering challenges and ways to involve more girls in computer science. The workshop began in 2009, attracting more than 650 applications its first year. Begun in 2007, the Technical Executive Forum convenes high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and share solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. In 2010, 65 executives attended the event, from companies including Microsoft, Google, and Symantec. The Senior Women\u2019s Summit is a one-day event held at the Grace Hopper Celebration, that brings together senior-level women to discuss issues facing senior technical women and provide a learning and networking platform. Grace Hopper Open Source Day was held for the first time in 2011. One-day registration is open to the public and included for all conference attendees. The event includes a codeathon, skill-building workshop, and exhibition space featuring open source projects. Participating organizations have included Google Crisis Response, Mozilla, Sahana Software Foundation, The Women\u2019s Peer-to-Peer Network, Open Data Kit, Microsoft Disaster Response, OpenHatch, Wikimedia Foundation, E-Democracy, Systers, WordPress and OpenStack. The Grace Hopper Celebration features a career fair with over 70 high-tech companies, government labs, and universities. Students make up approximately half of the attendees at the Grace Hopper Celebration. The Anita Borg Institute offers scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students to attend the conference. The scholarship includes: In 2010, 321 scholarships were awarded. In addition to the GHC Scholarship, Anita Borg Institute offers the ABI-Heinz College Partnership Program.", "Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the world's largest gathering of women in computing. The celebration, named after computer scientist Grace Hopper, is organized by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. The 2020 conference will be held in Orlando, Florida from September 29October 2. In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision. The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women. More than a dozen conferences have been held from 1994 to the present; the second was held in 1997 and the conference has been held annually since 2006. The sold-out 2010 conference attracted 2,147 attendees from 29 countries. Beginning in 2011, the conference has been held in a convention center to accommodate its growing size. The Grace Hopper Celebration consists of a combination of technical sessions and career sessions and includes a poster session, career fair, awards ceremony, and more. The conference features 650 presenters. Potential presenters submit proposals for panels, workshops, presentations, Birds of a Feather sessions, New Investigators papers, PhD Forum, and Poster Session, including ACM Student Research Competition. The Grace Hopper Celebration features 10 tracks:  2010 featured tracks on Open Source and Human-Computer Interaction. The Technical Theme Track for 2011 focused on large scale computing. The Grace Hopper Celebration features prominent women in technology as Keynote Speakers, Plenary Session Panelists, and Invited Technical Speakers.", "Speakers have included: Sheryl Sandberg, Shirley Jackson, Carol Bartz, Duy-Loan Le, Maria Klawe, Frances E. Allen, Mary Lou Jepsen, Barbara Liskov, Susan Landau, Jennifer Mankoff, Susan L. Graham, Melinda Gates, and Fernanda Viegas. Speaker presentations are available to watch online after the conference. The Grace Hopper Celebration features one of the largest technical poster sessions of any conference, with over 175 posters. Presenters can choose to have their posters considered for the ACM Student Research Competition (SRC) at the Grace Hopper Celebration, the largest SRC of any technical conference. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech. There are a total of eight Abie Awards: the Technical Leadership Abie Award, Student of Vision Abie Award, Emerging Technologist Abie Award, Educational Abie Award in Honor of A. Richard Newton, Social Impact Abie Award, Technology Entrepreneurship Abie Award, Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton, and Change Agent Abie Award. Each year, five Abie Awards are presented at Grace Hopper Celebration (the Technical Leadership Abie Award and Student of Vision Abie Award are awarded every year, while the remaining awards alternate each year). Past Abie Award winners include Ruzena Bajcsy, BlogHer, Elaine Weyuker and Unoma Ndili Okorafor. The Computing Research Association\u2019s Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W) sponsors a series of sessions at the Grace Hopper Celebration aimed at undergraduates, graduates, and early career researchers. Sessions cover topics such as applying to graduate school, publishing papers, networking, work-life balance, and more."], "answer": {"text": "She visited most of Digital's engineering facilities,", "answer_start": 1105}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "answer": {"text": "she was hired as a senior consultant to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in this role?", "answer": {"text": "In this position, Hopper represented the company at industry forums, serving on various industry committees, along with other obligations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she give speeches?", "answer": {"text": "She lectured widely", "answer_start": 953, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her biggest contribution post-retirement?", "answer": {"text": "The most important thing I've accomplished, other than building the compiler, is training young people.", "answer_start": 1799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do work with young people after retirement?", "answer": {"text": "I keep track of them as they get older and I stir 'em up at intervals so they don't forget to take chances.", "answer_start": 119, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a944f36a6287448db2ccbb1de5afa6ce_1_q#6", "question": "What did she do at Digital's engineering facilities?", "rewrite": "What did Grace Hopper do at Digital's engineering facilities?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing is the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. Named in honor of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the conference is presented by AnitaB.org and the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). The conference features technical sessions and career sessions, including keynote speakers, a poster session, career fair, and awards ceremony. The 2017 conference was held in Orlando, Florida. The 2018 conference will be held in Houston, Texas. The Technical Executive Forum, held annually at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, brings together high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. A two-day workshop for K\u201312 computer science teachers is also held at the conference, hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the AnitaB.org. The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing India is the largest conference for technical women in India. Established in 2010, the two-day conference is modeled after the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing and includes multiple tracks with keynote speakers, panels, social networking sessions, and a poster session. The Grace Hopper Regional Consortium is an initiative of AnitaB.org, the ACM Council on Women in Computing, and the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT). Two-day regional conferences attract between 50 and 200 attendees and include keynote speakers, poster sessions, panel discussions, professional development workshops, birds of a feather (Twitter) sessions, and research presentations. There have been 17 regional conferences to date, with 12 upcoming conferences planned. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech.", "AnitaB.org AnitaB.org (formerly Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, and Institute for Women in Technology) is a global nonprofit organization based in Belmont, California. Founded by computer scientists Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD, the institute\u2019s primary aim is to recruit, retain, and advance women in technology. The institute\u2019s most prominent program is the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference, the world\u2019s largest gathering of women in computing. From 2002 to 2017, AnitaB.org was led by Telle Whitney, who co-founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing with Anita Borg. AnitaB.org is currently led by Brenda Darden Wilkerson, the former Director of Computer Science and IT Education for Chicago Public Schools (CPS) and founder of the original \u201cComputer Science for All\u201d initiative. AnitaB.org was founded in 1997 by computer scientists, Anita Borg, PhD and Telle Whitney, PhD as the Institute for Women in Technology. The institute was preceded by two of its current programs: Systers and the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing Conference. Systers, the first online community for women in computing, was founded in 1987 by Anita Borg. In 1994, Borg and Whitney organized the first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. Anita Borg served as CEO of the Institute for Women in Technology from 1997 to 2002. In 2002, Whitney became President and CEO, and in 2003, the institute was renamed the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology. In 2017, Whitney retired and Brenda Darden Wilkerson took over as President and CEO. The organization was also renamed AnitaB.org. Its mission is to increase the impact of women on all aspects of technology, and increase the positive impact of technology on the world\u2019s women.", "Speakers have included: Sheryl Sandberg, Shirley Jackson, Carol Bartz, Duy-Loan Le, Maria Klawe, Frances E. Allen, Mary Lou Jepsen, Barbara Liskov, Susan Landau, Jennifer Mankoff, Susan L. Graham, Melinda Gates, and Fernanda Viegas. Speaker presentations are available to watch online after the conference. The Grace Hopper Celebration features one of the largest technical poster sessions of any conference, with over 175 posters. Presenters can choose to have their posters considered for the ACM Student Research Competition (SRC) at the Grace Hopper Celebration, the largest SRC of any technical conference. The Abie Awards honor women technologists and those who support women in tech. There are a total of eight Abie Awards: the Technical Leadership Abie Award, Student of Vision Abie Award, Emerging Technologist Abie Award, Educational Abie Award in Honor of A. Richard Newton, Social Impact Abie Award, Technology Entrepreneurship Abie Award, Emerging Leader Abie Award in Honor of Denice Denton, and Change Agent Abie Award. Each year, five Abie Awards are presented at Grace Hopper Celebration (the Technical Leadership Abie Award and Student of Vision Abie Award are awarded every year, while the remaining awards alternate each year). Past Abie Award winners include Ruzena Bajcsy, BlogHer, Elaine Weyuker and Unoma Ndili Okorafor. The Computing Research Association\u2019s Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W) sponsors a series of sessions at the Grace Hopper Celebration aimed at undergraduates, graduates, and early career researchers. Sessions cover topics such as applying to graduate school, publishing papers, networking, work-life balance, and more.", "Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront. It is the world's largest gathering of women in computing. The celebration, named after computer scientist Grace Hopper, is organized by the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery. The 2020 conference will be held in Orlando, Florida from September 29October 2. In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing. With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision. The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women. More than a dozen conferences have been held from 1994 to the present; the second was held in 1997 and the conference has been held annually since 2006. The sold-out 2010 conference attracted 2,147 attendees from 29 countries. Beginning in 2011, the conference has been held in a convention center to accommodate its growing size. The Grace Hopper Celebration consists of a combination of technical sessions and career sessions and includes a poster session, career fair, awards ceremony, and more. The conference features 650 presenters. Potential presenters submit proposals for panels, workshops, presentations, Birds of a Feather sessions, New Investigators papers, PhD Forum, and Poster Session, including ACM Student Research Competition. The Grace Hopper Celebration features 10 tracks:  2010 featured tracks on Open Source and Human-Computer Interaction. The Technical Theme Track for 2011 focused on large scale computing. The Grace Hopper Celebration features prominent women in technology as Keynote Speakers, Plenary Session Panelists, and Invited Technical Speakers.", "Hosted by the Computer Science Teachers Association and the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the K-12 Computing Teachers Workshop is a two-day event for K-12 teachers, covering challenges and ways to involve more girls in computer science. The workshop began in 2009, attracting more than 650 applications its first year. Begun in 2007, the Technical Executive Forum convenes high-level technology executives to discuss challenges and share solutions for recruiting, retaining, and advancing technical women. In 2010, 65 executives attended the event, from companies including Microsoft, Google, and Symantec. The Senior Women\u2019s Summit is a one-day event held at the Grace Hopper Celebration, that brings together senior-level women to discuss issues facing senior technical women and provide a learning and networking platform. Grace Hopper Open Source Day was held for the first time in 2011. One-day registration is open to the public and included for all conference attendees. The event includes a codeathon, skill-building workshop, and exhibition space featuring open source projects. Participating organizations have included Google Crisis Response, Mozilla, Sahana Software Foundation, The Women\u2019s Peer-to-Peer Network, Open Data Kit, Microsoft Disaster Response, OpenHatch, Wikimedia Foundation, E-Democracy, Systers, WordPress and OpenStack. The Grace Hopper Celebration features a career fair with over 70 high-tech companies, government labs, and universities. Students make up approximately half of the attendees at the Grace Hopper Celebration. The Anita Borg Institute offers scholarships to undergraduate and graduate students to attend the conference. The scholarship includes: In 2010, 321 scholarships were awarded. In addition to the GHC Scholarship, Anita Borg Institute offers the ABI-Heinz College Partnership Program."], "answer": {"text": "she generally received a standing ovation at the conclusion of her remarks.", "answer_start": 1165}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Grace Hopper do after she retired?", "answer": {"text": "she was hired as a senior consultant to Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC).", "answer_start": 40, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do in this role?", "answer": {"text": "In this position, Hopper represented the company at industry forums, serving on various industry committees, along with other obligations.", "answer_start": 677, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she give speeches?", "answer": {"text": "She lectured widely", "answer_start": 953, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her biggest contribution post-retirement?", "answer": {"text": "The most important thing I've accomplished, other than building the compiler, is training young people.", "answer_start": 1799, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do work with young people after retirement?", "answer": {"text": "I keep track of them as they get older and I stir 'em up at intervals so they don't forget to take chances.", "answer_start": 119, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did she do in her post-retirement life?", "answer": {"text": "She visited most of Digital's engineering facilities,", "answer_start": 1105, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#0", "question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "rewrite": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "Tweedy (band) Tweedy is an American rock band composed of Jeff Tweedy, from the group Wilco, and his son, Spencer. The duo has released one album, \"Sukierae,\" in 2014. The elder Tweedy had planned \"Sukierae\" to be a solo record, but kept Spencer involved after playing together on early sessions. The group's album name references Susie, Jeff's wife and Spencer's mother, who was diagnosed with cancer during the composition process. When touring, the group includes bassist Darin Gray, guitarist Jim Elkington, keyboardist-guitarist Liam Cunningham and singer Sima Cunningham. Spencer Tweedy had played drums with his father on a previous record, Mavis Staples' \"One True Vine\", which Jeff Tweedy produced.", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival."], "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#1", "question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "rewrite": "Did Jeff Tweedy ever figure out the cause of hid migraines?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Instead, he performed composed solos influenced by Television such as the one during the coda of \"At Least That's What You Said\". Tweedy refers to the guitar solo at the end of the track as a \"musical transcription\" of one of his panic attacks. \" A Ghost Is Born\" was recorded in a manner different from \"Foxtrot\" or 1999's \"Summerteeth\"; whereas those recordings were performed live in the studio and then overdubbed, \"A Ghost Is Born\" was first performed on Pro Tools and only played live once completed. Tweedy was excited about writing an album this way: An unusual feature of \"A Ghost Is Born\" is the fifteen-minute long track \"Less Than You Think\". The first part of the song begins as a ballad which references belief systems and atheism which after 3 minutes, fades out. The second part begins at this moment and consists of electronic drones and noise, intended to audibly represent the migraines that lead singer Jeff Tweedy had been suffering from while addicted to pain killers during the recording sessions for \" A Ghost Is Born\". For the song, each band member created a synthesizer noise that mimicked an electronic sound. The installations were simultaneously activated in the room and recorded. The noise, which served as the coda to the song, was remixed to provide dynamics to the track. Calling it \"the track that everyone will hate,\" Tweedy defended the song's inclusion on the album: \"A Ghost Is Born\" was the first Wilco album with pianist Mikael Jorgensen; he had previously worked as an engineer with the band on their collaboration with The Minus 5. Jeff Tweedy provided lead vocals and acted as lead guitarist for the only time since the band formed. John Stirratt, the only original member aside from Tweedy, played bass and guitar.", "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival."], "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#2", "question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "rewrite": "Did Jeff Tweedy seek help for depressive disorder and severe panic attacks?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year. While he attempted to regulate his use of painkillers, he was never able to stop their use for more than five weeks. Tweedy attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks. In 2004, he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers. Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band. Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller. Tweedy first met Miller when he was trying to get Uncle Tupelo booked at Cubby Bear, where Miller worked. Miller opened a club in Chicago named Lounge Ax in 1989, and booked Uncle Tupelo for 16 shows over four years. Miller and Tweedy began dating in 1991 and they were married on August 9, 1995. Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Tweedy said \"she's doing great now.\" Tweedy also said that music is a healthy distraction in difficult times such as these. They have two sons: Spencer and Sam. Spencer was the drummer for pre-teen rock band The Blisters and a new band called Tully Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young. Miller is Jewish, and Tweedy's oldest son had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. During his son's ceremony, Tweedy played an acoustic version of Bob Dylan's \"Forever Young.\"", "Mixed anxiety\u2013depressive disorder  Mixed anxiety\u2013depressive disorder (MADD) is a diagnostic category defining patients who have both anxiety and depressive symptoms of limited and equal intensity accompanied by at least some autonomic features. Autonomic features are involuntary physical symptoms usually caused by an overactive nervous system, such as panic attacks or intestinal distress. The World Health Organization's ICD-10 describes \"Mixed anxiety and depressive disorder\": \"...when symptoms of anxiety and depression are both present, but neither is clearly predominant, and neither type of symptom is present to the extent that justifies a diagnosis if considered separately. When both anxiety and depressive symptoms are present and severe enough to justify individual diagnoses, both diagnoses should be recorded and this category should not be used. \" Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder should only be considered as a diagnosis when the symptoms impede a person\u2019s functioning in day-to-day life and/or decrease their quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression are roughly in equal measure without the severity of major depressive disorder or an anxiety disorder. Typically, this means that the symptoms of mixed anxiety-depressive disorder are not severe if the anxiety and depression are considered separately. However, when placed together, their effect is strong enough to cause distress and a decrease in functioning. This is what causes mixed anxiety-depressive disorder to be classified as its own distinct psychological disorder. The symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders can be very similar. A diagnosis of mixed anxiety\u2013depressive disorder as opposed to a diagnosis of depression or an anxiety disorder can be difficult. \" The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders IV\" has defined certain requirements for diagnosing mixed anxiety\u2013depressive disorder: Risk factors for mixed anxiety-depressive disorder often overlap with risk factors for anxiety and depression.", "Minor depressive disorder  Minor depressive disorder, also known as minor depression, is a mood disorder that does not meet the full criteria for major depressive disorder but at least two depressive symptoms are present for a long time. These symptoms can be seen in many different psychiatric and mental disorders, which can lead to more specific diagnoses of an individual's condition. However, some of the situations might not fall under specific categories listed in the \"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\". Minor depressive disorder is an example of one of these nonspecific diagnoses, as it is a disorder classified in the DSM-IV-TR under the category Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (DD-NOS). The classification of NOS depressive disorders is up for debate. Minor depressive disorder as a term was never an officially accepted term, but was listed in Appendix B of the DSM-IV-TR. This is the only version of the DSM that contains the term, as the prior versions and the most recent edition, DSM-5, does not mention it. A person is considered to have minor depressive disorder if they experience 2 to 4 depressive symptoms, with one of them being either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, during a 2-week period. The person must not have experienced the symptoms for 2 years and there must not have been one specific event that caused the symptoms to arise. Although not all cases of minor depressive disorder are deemed in need of treatment, some cases are treated similarly to major depressive disorder. This treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), anti-depressant medication, and combination therapy. A lot of research supports the notion that minor depressive disorder is an early stage of major depressive disorder, or that it is simply highly predictive of subsequent major depressive disorder.", "A small subgroup of patients with RBD has temporal lobe epilepsy. From the :  F33 Recurrent depressive disorder F33.0 Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode mild F33.1 Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode moderate F33.2 Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe without psychotic symptoms F33.3 Recurrent depressive disorder, current episode severe with psychotic symptoms F33.4 Recurrent depressive disorder, currently in remission F33.8 Other recurrent depressive disorders  F33.9 Recurrent depressive disorder, unspecified Both psychotherapy as well as different drugs (e.g. serotonin reuptake inhibitors \u2013 SSRIs or mood stabilizers, e.g. lithium, antiepileptics) have been suggested as treatments. However, no randomized controlled treatment trial of RBD has been conducted. Disorders characterized by periods with depressive episodes lasting hours to days have been described since 1852 and have been labelled \"periodic melancholia\", \"intermittent depressive disorder\" or \"very brief depression\". The third version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1980), which relied heavily on findings from studies conducted in psychiatric in- and out-patient settings, required at least 14 days duration for a diagnosis of depression. No diagnostic category was allocated a depressive episode of shorter duration. Thus, intermittent depressive disorder, included in the Research Diagnostic Criteria (1975) was considered to identify minor versions of major depression (\"minor depression\") and not included in the DSM-III. However, based on data from epidemiological studies, the Swiss psychiatrist and researcher, Jules Angst, coined the concept \"recurrent brief depression\" (RBD) and provided diagnostic criteria for this type of mood disorder in 1985.", "Diagnosis is excluded by attacks due to a drug or medical condition, or by panic attacks that are better accounted for by other mental disorders. The diagnostic criteria: The essential feature is recurrent attacks of severe anxiety (panic), which are not restricted to any particular situation or set of circumstances and are therefore unpredictable. The dominant symptoms include:  Panic disorder should not be given as the main diagnosis if the person has a depressive disorder at the time the attacks start; in these circumstances, the panic attacks are probably secondary to depression. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) is a questionnaire for measuring the severity of panic disorder. Panic disorder is a serious health problem that in many cases can be successfully treated, although there is no known cure. Identification of treatments that engender as full a response as possible, and can minimize relapse, is imperative. Cognitive behavioral therapy and positive self-talk specific for panic are the treatments of choice for panic disorder. Several studies show that 85 to 90 percent of panic disorder patients treated with CBT recover completely from their panic attacks within 12 weeks. When cognitive behavioral therapy is not an option, pharmacotherapy can be used. SSRIs are considered a first-line pharmacotherapeutic option. Panic disorder is not the same as phobic symptoms, although phobias commonly result from panic disorder. CBT and one tested form of psychodynamic psychotherapy have been shown efficacious in treating panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. A number of randomized clinical trials have shown that CBT achieves reported panic-free status in 70\u201390% of patients about 2 years after treatment. Clinically, a combination of psychotherapy and medication can often produce good results, although research evidence of this approach has been less robust."], "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#3", "question": "Did the treatment work?", "rewrite": "Did Jeff Tweedy's treatment for addiction work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival.", "Tweedy (band) Tweedy is an American rock band composed of Jeff Tweedy, from the group Wilco, and his son, Spencer. The duo has released one album, \"Sukierae,\" in 2014. The elder Tweedy had planned \"Sukierae\" to be a solo record, but kept Spencer involved after playing together on early sessions. The group's album name references Susie, Jeff's wife and Spencer's mother, who was diagnosed with cancer during the composition process. When touring, the group includes bassist Darin Gray, guitarist Jim Elkington, keyboardist-guitarist Liam Cunningham and singer Sima Cunningham. Spencer Tweedy had played drums with his father on a previous record, Mavis Staples' \"One True Vine\", which Jeff Tweedy produced.", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble."], "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#4", "question": "What did the band do next?", "rewrite": "What did Jeff Tweedy's band do next?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival.", "Tweedy (band) Tweedy is an American rock band composed of Jeff Tweedy, from the group Wilco, and his son, Spencer. The duo has released one album, \"Sukierae,\" in 2014. The elder Tweedy had planned \"Sukierae\" to be a solo record, but kept Spencer involved after playing together on early sessions. The group's album name references Susie, Jeff's wife and Spencer's mother, who was diagnosed with cancer during the composition process. When touring, the group includes bassist Darin Gray, guitarist Jim Elkington, keyboardist-guitarist Liam Cunningham and singer Sima Cunningham. Spencer Tweedy had played drums with his father on a previous record, Mavis Staples' \"One True Vine\", which Jeff Tweedy produced.", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release."], "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#5", "question": "Were they on a tour with Neil young?", "rewrite": "Was Jeff Tweedy's band on a tour with Neil young?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival.", "Stylus Magazine\" editor Ian Cohen criticized the album's disregard for the \"fourth wall\", and expressed concern about its dissimilarities to \"Kicking Television: Live in Chicago\". Dorian Lynskey of \"The Guardian\" gave the album three stars out of five and said, \"On its own terms, \"Sky Blue Sky\" succeeds: it's tender, poignant and sumptuously textured, occasionally jolted into fiery life by flaring guitar passages redolent of Neil Young or Television.\" \"Now\" gave it a positive review and stated: \"All those self-consciously avant bits of the two previous albums have been ditched along with Jeff Tweedy's laughable lyrical abstractions in favour of tuneful, direct songs that at least seem to carry some emotional weight.\" Ted Grant of Playlouder gave the album two stars out of five and called it the \"blandest and most creatively uninspired record of their career\", finding that the album was leading to tame \"dad-rock\". \"Pitchfork\" writer Rob Mitchum also used the \"dad-rock\" colloquialism, dismissing its straightforwardness and arguing \"Tweedy merely ended up with the wrong personnel to articulate his mood here.\" \"Mojo\" also gave the album three stars out of five, stating that \"Many longtime listeners... are sure to be disappointed with the radio-friendly production and sheer innocuousness of [the] lyrics.\" Andy Gill of \"Uncut\" gave the album three stars out of five and called it \"a slight disappointment\". \" Billboard\" gave it an average review and stated: \"On first listen, it might seem too derivative, even dull, but Jeff Tweedy's intricate vocal melodies and Nels Cline's ferocious guitar work keep things interesting.\"", "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett"], "answer": {"text": "Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1272}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band do next?", "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#6", "question": "What else was going on in his personal life?", "rewrite": "In addition to the treatment, what else was going on in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "Tweedy (band) Tweedy is an American rock band composed of Jeff Tweedy, from the group Wilco, and his son, Spencer. The duo has released one album, \"Sukierae,\" in 2014. The elder Tweedy had planned \"Sukierae\" to be a solo record, but kept Spencer involved after playing together on early sessions. The group's album name references Susie, Jeff's wife and Spencer's mother, who was diagnosed with cancer during the composition process. When touring, the group includes bassist Darin Gray, guitarist Jim Elkington, keyboardist-guitarist Liam Cunningham and singer Sima Cunningham. Spencer Tweedy had played drums with his father on a previous record, Mavis Staples' \"One True Vine\", which Jeff Tweedy produced.", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival.", "The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble."], "answer": {"text": "Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014.", "answer_start": 948}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band do next?", "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on a tour with Neil young?", "answer": {"text": "Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1272, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#7", "question": "Who was Sue?", "rewrite": "Who was Sue to Jeff Tweedy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "Tweedy (band) Tweedy is an American rock band composed of Jeff Tweedy, from the group Wilco, and his son, Spencer. The duo has released one album, \"Sukierae,\" in 2014. The elder Tweedy had planned \"Sukierae\" to be a solo record, but kept Spencer involved after playing together on early sessions. The group's album name references Susie, Jeff's wife and Spencer's mother, who was diagnosed with cancer during the composition process. When touring, the group includes bassist Darin Gray, guitarist Jim Elkington, keyboardist-guitarist Liam Cunningham and singer Sima Cunningham. Spencer Tweedy had played drums with his father on a previous record, Mavis Staples' \"One True Vine\", which Jeff Tweedy produced.", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival."], "answer": {"text": "Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller.", "answer_start": 598}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band do next?", "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on a tour with Neil young?", "answer": {"text": "Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was going on in his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014.", "answer_start": 948, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#8", "question": "When did he marry?", "rewrite": "When did Jeff Tweedy marry Sue Miller?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival.", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year. While he attempted to regulate his use of painkillers, he was never able to stop their use for more than five weeks. Tweedy attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks. In 2004, he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers. Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band. Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller. Tweedy first met Miller when he was trying to get Uncle Tupelo booked at Cubby Bear, where Miller worked. Miller opened a club in Chicago named Lounge Ax in 1989, and booked Uncle Tupelo for 16 shows over four years. Miller and Tweedy began dating in 1991 and they were married on August 9, 1995. Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Tweedy said \"she's doing great now.\" Tweedy also said that music is a healthy distraction in difficult times such as these. They have two sons: Spencer and Sam. Spencer was the drummer for pre-teen rock band The Blisters and a new band called Tully Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young. Miller is Jewish, and Tweedy's oldest son had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. During his son's ceremony, Tweedy played an acoustic version of Bob Dylan's \"Forever Young.\""], "answer": {"text": "on August 9, 1995. Sue", "answer_start": 929}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band do next?", "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on a tour with Neil young?", "answer": {"text": "Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was going on in his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014.", "answer_start": 948, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Sue?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller.", "answer_start": 598, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#9", "question": "Did she survive?", "rewrite": "Did Sue Miller survive from cancer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["GUD Magazine Greatest Uncommon Denominator Magazine (also known as GUD Magazine) is an American literary magazine, the first publication from Greatest Uncommon Denominator Publishing, founded in Laconia, New Hampshire in July 2006. \"Greatest Uncommon Denominator\" contains literary and genre fiction, poetry, essays, and art and features authors and artists from around the world. GUD pays semi-pro rates for content and pays royalties on the profits of the sales of the magazine, effectively making the contributors shareholders for that issue. \"GUD Magazine\" also features reviews of small press publications on-line, independent of its publication schedule. The magazine, published twice yearly, is available for purchase in print and many electronic formats, including:   1871 submissions were read and responded to between July 2006 to the end of January 2007. The initial print run for Issue 0 was 200 copies, which was quickly followed up by an additional print run of 200. As of June, 2009, over 11,000 responses have been sent\u2014with a record of over 800 submissions coming in in May, 2009. Working towards its goal of paying out royalties to its contributors, GUD boosted its circulation of early issues from 400 to 700 in the last week of November 2009 with its \"pay what you want\" sale. The magazine is a publication of GUD Publishing, Inc., an organization started in 2006 by Mike Coombes, Sal Coraccio, Kaolin Fire, and Sue Miller. As of February 2007, the active members include Julia Bernd, Sal Coraccio, Kaolin Fire, Sue Miller and Debbie Moorhouse. T. L. Morganfield, \u2018Night Bird Soaring\u2019, Issue #3: Sidewise Awards (Shortlisted: Best Short-Form Alternate History 2009) Kirstyn McDermott, \u2018Painlessness\u2019, Issue #2:", "Electronic persons Electronic persons is a term first proposed by the European Parliament's Committee on Legal Affairs in a draft report on civil law rules on robotics dated May 31, 2016. The term is used to describe the potential legal status of the most sophisticated autonomous robots so that they may have \"specific rights and obligations, including that of making good any damage they may cause, and applying electronic personality to cases where robots make smart autonomous decisions or otherwise interact with third parties independently\".", "Sue Miller Sue Miller (born November 29, 1943) is an American novelist and short story writer who has written a number of best-selling novels. Born in Chicago, Miller was preoccupied with her duties as a single mother, leaving little time to write for many years. As a result she did not publish her first novel until 1986, after spending almost a decade in various fellowships and teaching positions. Since then, two of her novels have been made into feature films, and her book \"While I Was Gone\" was an Oprah's Book Club pick in 2000. Miller has taught creative writing classes at Smith College, Amherst, Tufts, MIT, and Boston University.", "Sue Miller (cancer activist) Natalie Sue Miller (March 7, 1934 \u2013 May 29, 2017) was an American fashion model, breast cancer survivor, breast cancer activist, counselor, and author. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, she moved to Denver, Colorado at age 19 as a newlywed and started a career in fashion modeling. After being diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 34 and undergoing a mastectomy, she created a fashion show featuring models who had also had breast cancer. In 1981, she founded the Sue Miller Day of Caring, a non-profit organization for breast cancer education and awareness. In its first 35 years, the Day of Caring has been a resource for over 17,500 survivors of breast cancer, providing educational forums and support services at its annual event, held in nine U.S. cities. Miller earned her bachelor's and master's degrees at age 60 and 75, respectively, and wrote her autobiography, \"I'm Tougher Than I Look\", in 2004. In 2002, Miller was inducted into the Colorado Women's Hall of Fame. Miller was born March 7, 1934, in Kansas City, Missouri. Her family moved several times during her childhood due to her father's work; she spent her teen years in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In 1953, at age 19, she married Alan Miller and they moved to Denver. Miller first appeared as a model in a television ad for a local store when she was 13. She was offered a contract to model for a Neiman Marcus store in Dallas when she was 17, but her parents did not want her to move to Texas. After she and her husband moved to Denver, she signed with the John Robert Powers modeling agency and with JF Images and had a successful career. At age 34, she was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a bilateral mastectomy.", "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year. While he attempted to regulate his use of painkillers, he was never able to stop their use for more than five weeks. Tweedy attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks. In 2004, he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers. Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band. Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller. Tweedy first met Miller when he was trying to get Uncle Tupelo booked at Cubby Bear, where Miller worked. Miller opened a club in Chicago named Lounge Ax in 1989, and booked Uncle Tupelo for 16 shows over four years. Miller and Tweedy began dating in 1991 and they were married on August 9, 1995. Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Tweedy said \"she's doing great now.\" Tweedy also said that music is a healthy distraction in difficult times such as these. They have two sons: Spencer and Sam. Spencer was the drummer for pre-teen rock band The Blisters and a new band called Tully Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young. Miller is Jewish, and Tweedy's oldest son had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. During his son's ceremony, Tweedy played an acoustic version of Bob Dylan's \"Forever Young.\""], "answer": {"text": "said \"she's doing great now.", "answer_start": 1030}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band do next?", "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on a tour with Neil young?", "answer": {"text": "Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was going on in his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014.", "answer_start": 948, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Sue?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller.", "answer_start": 598, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he marry?", "answer": {"text": "on August 9, 1995. Sue", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#10", "question": "Do they have kids?", "rewrite": "Do Jeff Tweedy and Sue Miller have kids?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival.", "The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year. While he attempted to regulate his use of painkillers, he was never able to stop their use for more than five weeks. Tweedy attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks. In 2004, he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers. Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band. Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller. Tweedy first met Miller when he was trying to get Uncle Tupelo booked at Cubby Bear, where Miller worked. Miller opened a club in Chicago named Lounge Ax in 1989, and booked Uncle Tupelo for 16 shows over four years. Miller and Tweedy began dating in 1991 and they were married on August 9, 1995. Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Tweedy said \"she's doing great now.\" Tweedy also said that music is a healthy distraction in difficult times such as these. They have two sons: Spencer and Sam. Spencer was the drummer for pre-teen rock band The Blisters and a new band called Tully Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young. Miller is Jewish, and Tweedy's oldest son had a Bar Mitzvah ceremony. During his son's ceremony, Tweedy played an acoustic version of Bob Dylan's \"Forever Young.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band do next?", "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on a tour with Neil young?", "answer": {"text": "Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was going on in his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014.", "answer_start": 948, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Sue?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller.", "answer_start": 598, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he marry?", "answer": {"text": "on August 9, 1995. Sue", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she survive?", "answer": {"text": "said \"she's doing great now.", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_53d05845d3ff482296f7050423c4143e_0_q#11", "question": "What happened after his wife recovered?", "rewrite": "What happened after Jeff Tweedy's wife recovered from cancer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco is a black-and-white documentary film by Sam Jones which follows the American alt-country rock band Wilco through the creation and distribution of their fourth studio album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". With Wilco nearing completion of their album \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\", conflict arose between the band and its record label Reprise, a division of the Warner Music Group. Wilco's prior albums hadn't performed to Reprise's sales expectations and Reprise were concerned with how to market the new album. They consequently rejected the work and dropped Wilco from the label. With a completed album and no contractual obligations to Reprise, Wilco made the album available to download on their website. Awareness of the new album became apparent and Wilco's profile was rising. In response, another record label, Nonesuch Records, offered Wilco a new record contract. Nonesuch Records is a division of Warner Music Group, like Reprise, so Wilco were essentially paid twice for the album by the same record company. Other scenes depicted the breakdown of the relationship between members Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett, and Tweedy's debilitating migraines. The film was submitted to and selected as part of the 'Official Selections of the Los Angeles, London and Stockholm International Film Festivals in 2002. Disc 1  Disc 2 Plus:   All songs written by Jeff Tweedy, except as noted *, written by Jeff Tweedy and Jay Bennett", "Sukierae  Sukierae is the debut album by Tweedy, a side project formed by Jeff Tweedy and his son Spencer. It was released on September 23, 2014, and features 20 new songs. The album is promoted by a new band touring under the Tweedy name. After producing albums for Low, White Denim, and Mavis Staples, Jeff Tweedy set out to create a solo album. From the start, the album was intended to be more than simply acoustic guitar and vocals. While recording demos, Tweedy's son Spencer joined him to record drums and \"[help] the songs take shape\". Tweedy had most previously worked with his son when they both appeared on the split single for the \"Songs For Slim\" series in 2013. \"Sukierae\" was completed mostly by the two of them, but also features additional vocals by Jess Wolfe and Holly Laessig of the band Lucius, as well as keyboards by Scott McCaughey. In an interview with The Atlantic, Tweedy spoke about the creative process of making the album and why he decided to release it as a solo album instead of a new Wilco album: \"I like to include elements of early recordings on the finished records when I can. Almost every song on Sukierae has an original demo element somewhere in there. A lot of my iPhone acoustic demos became the basic tracks we overdubbed to, and they\u2019re still there in the finished record. (That\u2019s why we listed the iPhone as an instrument in the track notes.) The song \u201cI\u2019ll Sing It\u201d includes a cassette recording from a \"Being There\" -era demo of that song. Stuff lies around forever, and for this record it was fun to make some use of it. \"It\u2019s a totally different process working with an ensemble.", "Loose Fur Loose Fur is an American rock band comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, and Wilco collaborator Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's \"Loose Fur\" and 2006's \"Born Again in the USA\", for Drag City. The band has only toured once. The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, \"Yankee Hotel Foxtrot\". Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's \"Sky Blue Sky\". Kotche remains a member of Wilco . In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album \"Bad Timing\". The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and \"not easily categorized\". According to Tweedy: Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival.", "The band first played at the Detroit Masonic Temple on June 5, where they played 13 of the songs from the new album. During a Tweedy show, the first half features the full band playing many of the songs from \"Sukierae\", exclusively. So far, the band has not played \" I'll Sing It\" the first single from the album. For the second half, Jeff Tweedy plays a solo acoustic set. At this point, he does not play additional material from \"Sukierae\", but instead draws from songs from his careers in Wilco and Uncle Tupelo, along with covers and songs from other projects. These acoustic sets are effectively truncated versions of the solo acoustic performances that Jeff Tweedy has done concurrently throughout his tenure in Wilco. On May 18, 2014 it was announced that Jeff Tweedy would be releasing a solo album in September, and that he would also begin a solo tour. It was not until June 4 that the nature of the band was revealed, along with its name, number of songs, and a stream for the song \"I'll Sing It\". This song was named the first single from the forthcoming album. \" Summer Noon\" followed in the form of a music video, and on July 8, it was released as part of the soundtrack to the Richard Linklater film \"Boyhood\". Third was \"Wait For Love\", previewed both in its album form, and as a video of a solo acoustic performance. The song \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" was premiered on Stereogum as a Soundcloud stream, and along with \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2\" was released on a 10\" vinyl record on June 17. While \"Diamond Light, Pt. 1\" would go on to appear on \"Sukierae\", \"Diamond Light, Pt. 2 \" only appears on this release.", "Tweedy (band) Tweedy is an American rock band composed of Jeff Tweedy, from the group Wilco, and his son, Spencer. The duo has released one album, \"Sukierae,\" in 2014. The elder Tweedy had planned \"Sukierae\" to be a solo record, but kept Spencer involved after playing together on early sessions. The group's album name references Susie, Jeff's wife and Spencer's mother, who was diagnosed with cancer during the composition process. When touring, the group includes bassist Darin Gray, guitarist Jim Elkington, keyboardist-guitarist Liam Cunningham and singer Sima Cunningham. Spencer Tweedy had played drums with his father on a previous record, Mavis Staples' \"One True Vine\", which Jeff Tweedy produced."], "answer": {"text": "these. They have two sons:", "answer_start": 1140}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was happening in Jeff Tweedy's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy has been prone to migraines throughout his entire life, forcing him to miss forty days of elementary school in one year.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever figure out the cause?", "answer": {"text": "attributes this to comorbidity with major depressive disorder and severe panic attacks.", "answer_start": 252, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he seek help for these issues?", "answer": {"text": "he entered a dual diagnosis rehabilitation clinic in order to receive treatment for an addiction to prescription painkillers.", "answer_start": 349, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the treatment work?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy quit smoking the next year; John Stirratt claimed afterward that this significantly improved the focus of the band.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did the band do next?", "answer": {"text": "joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they on a tour with Neil young?", "answer": {"text": "Monster. In 2008, Spencer joined Wilco on stage at Madison Square Garden to play drums on their song \"The Late Greats,\" while opening for Neil Young.", "answer_start": 1272, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was going on in his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "Sue was diagnosed with cancer in 2014.", "answer_start": 948, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Sue?", "answer": {"text": "Tweedy is married to former talent agent Sue Miller.", "answer_start": 598, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he marry?", "answer": {"text": "on August 9, 1995. Sue", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she survive?", "answer": {"text": "said \"she's doing great now.", "answer_start": 1030, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Do they have kids?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e51d4ce1cf404d7ab520229526e3bcf7_1_q#0", "question": "What type of music did Marmalade play?", "rewrite": "What type of music did Marmalade play?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marmalade Dog Marmalade Dog is an annual gaming convention operated by the Western Michigan Gamers Guild (WMGG) and held on the campus of Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan each spring. Marmalade Dog is traditionally held in The Bernhard Center (WMU's student union). Exceptions to this were in 1999 (Sangren Hall), 2002 (Ellsworth Cafeteria) and 2006 (Student Recreation Center). The distinctive name for the convention was given a brief explanation in the 1994 pre-registration book: The name was actually suggested by John Zimmerman (Guild Librarian around the time of the first Marmalade Dog): Prior to 1994 the WMGG was known as the \"Western Area Role-Players\" and the convention called \"WARPCon\". The original Marmalade Dog logo was also created by John Zimmerman. This illustration was used to brand and promote Marmalade Dog up to and including the 1999 convention. It was at this convention (Marmalade Dog 4) that professional fantasy artist Jeff Easley drew a rendition of Marmalade Dog which he gave to the WMGG. While the Easley illustration did become the new \"official\" Marmalade Dog, the classic logo was still used on some convention materials until 2001 and after that on certain WMGG materials. Most recently the Zimmerman dog was used as a repeating pattern on the WMGG photo ID membership cards issued 2005\u2013present. A new vision of Marmalade Dog has been created for nearly every convention since Marmalade Dog II, however it was not until Mia Paluzzi's illustration for Marmalade Dog 7 in 2002 that all convention materials (web site, books, badges, T-shirts, etc.) began to exclusively use the annually changing image. 1994 1995 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013", "Keiller's marmalade  Keiller's marmalade, is named after its creator James and Janet Keiller (nee Mathewson, 1737-1813), and is believed to have been the first commercial brand of marmalade in Great Britain. It was made by James Keiller in Dundee, Scotland, later creating James Keiller & Son, a brand name which became iconic in the 18th and 19th centuries, and has been sold several times. In the 18th century, James Keiller on speculation bought a Spanish ship's cargo that included Seville oranges when the ship sought refuge from a raging storm. The ship had started its journey in Seville but the delay caused by the storm had made the oranges less fresh than they ought to have been. The bargain gave Keiller's wife, Janet, the opportunity to manufacture a large quantity of marmalade. She boiled the bitter oranges with sugar which resulted in the creation of orange marmalade. The true story is that Janet Keiller did \"not\" invent marmalade. Marmalade existed in Spain and Portugal since at least the 15th century and a Scottish recipe for orange marmalade appears in \"Mrs McLintoch's Receipts (sic)\" of 1736. In the 1760s Keiller ran a small confectionery shop producing jams in Seagate, Dundee. Janet Keiller's main modification to the recipe in 1797 was in the addition of thin strips of orange rind, creating peel or \"chip\" marmalade. The peel was thought to aid digestion, but the pith and much of the fiber was discarded. The consistency was also changed, from its former solid form (akin to quince jelly), to a spreadable semi-liquid form, and only at this point did it begin to be placed on toast (especially morning toast).", "Mr. Marmalade Mr. Marmalade is a black comedy play written by Noah Haidle. It follows Lucy, a four-year-old girl in New Jersey and how she views adult life. It premiered in Costa Mesa, California, on April 25, 2004, by South Coast Repertory and starred Eliza Pryor Nagel as Lucy, Glen Fleshier as Mr. Marmalade, Guilford Adams as Larry and Marc Vietor as Bradley. \"The play is set in the living room in New Jersey\" The play begins with Lucy, a four-year-old girl, sitting by herself in the living room, playing with a Ken and Barbie. Mr Marmalade appears and the two begin to play tea. Mr Marmalade asks Lucy if she's angry with him, who says she just wishes he wasn't too busy. Sookie, Lucy's mother, interrupts the tea party and asks Lucy which dress she should wear. Mr Marmalade, who Sookie cannot see, suggests the red one. Sookie leaves and Mr M and Lucy return to their conversation. Mr M tells Lucy he will take her to Mexico, to Cabo San Lucas. Their happiness is put at an end when Mr Marmalade is sent back to the office, leaving Lucy alone again. Sookie then re-enters and tells Lucy that the babysitter, Emily, will be there in half an hour. Sookie then leaves, leaving Lucy alone once more. The scene opens with Emily watching TV while Lucy is \"on the phone\" with Mr. Marmalade. Emily also pretends to call Mr. Marmalade, angering Lucy. Lucy then demands that she wants to have a tea party. Emily reluctantly agrees and they have a tea party together, but Emily cuts it short to smoke a cigarette.", "Marmalade Atkins Marmalade Atkins is a children's fictional character created by the writer Andrew Davies. Marmalade first appeared in the book \"Marmalade and Rufus\" in 1979, and the character was later brought to television in 1981 in which she was played by the actress Charlotte Coleman. A hair-raising teenage rebel, Marmalade made her TV debut in the one-off \"Marmalade Atkins in Space\" broadcast in 1981 as part of the \"Theatre Box\" series. This was followed by two ten-part series entitled \"Educating Marmalade\" in 1982-83, and \"Danger: Marmalade At Work\" in 1984, both of which continued to feature Coleman in the lead role. Also featuring John Bird and Lynda Marchal as her parents Mr & Mrs Atkins (the latter replaced by Carol MacReady for the \"Marmalade at Work\" series), the programmes were produced by Thames Television for ITV. The show's creator, Andrew Davies, went on to author a series of Marmalade Atkins books. The theme track for \"Educating Marmalade\" was written and performed by Bad Manners.", "Marmalade SDK allows access to the graphics rendering capabilities of mobile devices either by using the OpenGL ES API directly (both OpenGL ES 1.x and 2.x are supported) or by using the functionality provided by the Marmalade SDK layer. Marmalade SDK provides support for loading and rendering graphics resources such as bitmap images and 3D model data which would need to be implemented by the user if using OpenGL ES directly. Marmalade SDK provides exporter plug-ins for use with Autodesk 3DS Max and Autodesk Maya to allow 3D models and animations to be used in applications. For supporting older devices with no dedicated rendering hardware, a legacy software based rendering option is provided. On 9 October 2015, Marmalade introduced its own 2D and 3D authoring tools. Marmalade Technologies Limited formerly Ideaworks Ltd, the maker of the 2D/3D Marmalade SDK announced in September 2016 the ceasing of production and support of its Marmalade Game Platform, choosing instead to focus on the output of its own game studio known as Marmalade Game Studio Ltd. The company announced that after the final iteration in March 2017 the licence server will be turned off and support will cease. In January 2017 GMO Cloud\u2013 based in Japan obtains the exclusive rights to use the Marmalade SDK which supports both native and hybrid browser-based apps, accelerating the development of new features and supporting game and app development. In May 2018, GMO Cloud announced the discontinuation of Marmalade. On November 12, 2015 the Marmalade Platform won at The Independent Game Developers' Association Awards 2015 in the category of \"Best Engines & Middleware, Tools & Tech\". This is a list of notable games which had been built using the Marmalade SDK."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e51d4ce1cf404d7ab520229526e3bcf7_1_q#1", "question": "Who are the Gaylords?", "rewrite": "Who are the Gaylords?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Gaylords (named after the notorious post war Chicago Gaylords street gang) were originally formed by Pat Fairley and Billy Johnston in Baillieston, a suburb east of Glasgow, in 1961. Their initial line-up included Tommy Frew on drums and lead guitarist Pat McGovern, fronted by vocalist Wattie Rodgers. William Junior Campbell joined on his fourteenth birthday on 31 May 1961 replacing McGovern, and Rodgers was then himself replaced, initially by two new lead vocalists, Billy Reid and Tommy Scott, although Reid soon departed leaving Scott as the sole frontman. Bill Irving, from local Baillieston group The Cadillacs, then took over from Johnston on bass. The group began gathering notice and in 1963 Thomas McAleese (who adopted the stage moniker Dean Ford) replaced Scott as lead singer. They then became known as Dean Ford and The Gaylords. Raymond Duffy, from Glasgow group The Escorts, then came in on drums after Frew departed. For a few months, they had an organist, Davey Hunter. By early 1965, Graham Knight, from the local group The Vampires, had displaced Irving on bass. (Pictured; left to right: Bill Irving, Junior Campbell, Dean Ford, Ray Duffy and Pat Fairley (1964))  Becoming popular in Scotland, and under the management of Billy Grainger, in early 1964 they were championed by Scottish music journalist Gordon Reid, which led to them being signed to Columbia (EMI) by Norrie Paramor after auditions at Glasgow's Locarno Ballroom. They went on to record four singles, including a cover of the 1963 Chubby Checker US hit \"Twenty Miles\", which was a big seller locally but failed to chart nationally. The Columbia releases, although uncredited, were all produced by Bob Barratt, EMI staff producer, with Norrie Paramor as executive.", "Chicago Gaylords The Chicago Gaylords, also known as the Almighty Gaylords, is a Chicago street gang which was most active during the mid and late 20th century. It originated in the neighborhood of Grand and Noble. The original president of the Gaylords selected the name after reading about the Gaylords in the public library (the Gaillards, later anglicized to Gaylord, were people from Normandy who lived near the Ch\u00e2teau Gaillard, constructed by Richard I). They were a part of the People Nation alliance. The Chicago Gaylords, one of Chicago's oldest street gangs, was a club founded by World War II veterans and the majority of the original members were Italian, Irish, and Greek Americans. This ethnic makeup reflected the population of the Grand and Ogden area at the time, that was known as one of Chicago's \"Little Italies. \" There were many such clubs in Chicago during the post World War II era, and had their own clubhouses and baseball teams. The Gaylords' clubhouse was on the corner of Ohio and Noble Street. At the height of the Gaylords reign in 1979, they were listed as the fourth most powerful gang in Chicago and were noted as \"Chicago's largest white street gang... considered a violent, bigoted outfit. \" In 1970, they were suspected for being involved in the murder of a black Chicago citizen named Joe Henson, but no charges were brought: a later feature article in the Chicago Reader alleged police and political coverup. During their peak period, the Chicago Gaylords held sets (or sections) on the North Side, West side and the South Side of Chicago. The West side sections included Ohio and Noble, Ohio and Leclaire and Monticelllo and Augusta.", "Dean Ford Dean Ford (born Thomas McAleese; 5 September 1946 \u2013 31 December 2018) was a Scottish singer and songwriter best known for his tenure as lead vocalist and frontman of the beat pop group Marmalade from 1966 to 1974. Ford (credited as McAleese) co-wrote the group's worldwide hit \"Reflections of My Life\" with fellow band member Junior Campbell. \" Reflections of My Life\" has sold more than two million units globally, and in 1998 the writers were awarded a Special Citation of Achievement by BMI for attaining radio broadcast performances in excess of one million in the U.S. alone. Born in Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, to Thomas and Elizabeth McAleese, young Tom first began singing in public accompanying a jazz ensemble at the local Whifflet parish church dance hall. He formed his first musical group The Tonebeats at age 13, one of several he hooked up with during his teenage years. By the time he left Clifton High School in Coatbridge at age 15, he had been gaining more exposure as a featured singer. His break came after a performance with the Monarchs at the Barrowland Ballroom in Glasgow in 1963, where he was seen by Junior Campbell and Pat Fairley of the popular east Glasgow band The Gaylords and subsequently invited to join the group. Shortly thereafter, McAleese adopted his stage name (a moniker he coined by combining the names Dean Martin and Tennessee Ernie Ford) and The Gaylords were re-christened Dean Ford and the Gaylords. With hopes of achieving more commercial success, Ford and the band relocated to London in 1965. Three years later, Marmalade, with Ford as lead singer, became the first Scottish band to score a No. 1 hit on the UK Singles Chart, also racking up many prior and additional consecutive quality hits worldwide.", "Ronnie Gaylord Ronnie Gaylord (June 12, 1930 \u2013 January 25, 2004) was the name taken by Ronald L. Fredianelli, a member of The Gaylords, when he began to perform as a solo singer after entering military service in the 1950s. Fredianelli was born in Detroit, Michigan. He formed the Gaylords (originally The Gay Lords) with Bonaldo Bonaldi and Don Rea in Detroit in 1949. For a while he used the name of Ronnie Vincent before adopting the name Ronnie Gaylord. In the military, he was assigned to Special Services and sang with a military band. He had one hit as Ronnie Gaylord: \"Cuddle Me\" (1954). (Apparently, he was allowed to release it while still in the service.) On Feb 15 1955 he was discharged from the military at Fort Carson, Colorado and rejoined The Gaylords. In 1976, Bonaldi changed his name to Burt Holiday, at which time the group became Gaylord and Holiday. Rea had left the group by that time. With his first wife, Ronnie had two children: Ronald Jr. and Melissa. With his second wife, Terry, he had three children: two sons (Christopher and Anthony) and one daughter (Tiffany). Three of his children (Tony, Chris, and Tiffany) went into show business. He died in Reno, Nevada.", "The Gaylords (American vocal group) The Gaylords were an American singing trio, consisting of Ronald L. Fredianelli (who changed his name for performances to Ronnie Gaylord, taken from the group name), Bonaldo Bonaldi (who also, in 1976, changed his name to Burt Holiday, at which time the group became Gaylord and Holiday), and Don Rea (who had left the group by the time it became Gaylord & Holiday). Fredianelli was born on June 12, 1930, in Detroit, Michigan. They formed the Gaylords (originally The Gay Lords) in Detroit in 1949. The group's name was decided upon after a chance encounter with Marcus Wren. In the 1950s the group had a number of Italian-flavored hits on the charts, often consisting of a song partly sung in Italian and partly in English. Their most successful release was \"Tell Me You're Mine\", which had sold over one million copies by 1958. \"Tell Me You're Mine\" reached #3 on the US chart. As Gaylord and Holiday, the two remaining members of the group continued to perform until 2003. Fredianelli died on January 25, 2004 in Reno, Nevada. Bonaldi still performed with Ron Gaylord, Jr., Ronnie Gaylord's oldest son (the other son being rock guitarist Tony Fredianelli) until his death on May 10, 2017 in Carson City, NV. Donald \"Don\" Rea, keyboardist for The Gaylords, born in Detroit, Michigan, on 9 December 1928, died in Reno, Nevada, on 30 June 2017 after a short battle with cancer."], "answer": {"text": "were originally formed by Pat Fairley and Billy Johnston in Baillieston,", "answer_start": 79}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of music did Marmalade play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e51d4ce1cf404d7ab520229526e3bcf7_1_q#2", "question": "What happened in the early part of the band?", "rewrite": "What happened in the early part of Marmalade?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marmalade SDK allows access to the graphics rendering capabilities of mobile devices either by using the OpenGL ES API directly (both OpenGL ES 1.x and 2.x are supported) or by using the functionality provided by the Marmalade SDK layer. Marmalade SDK provides support for loading and rendering graphics resources such as bitmap images and 3D model data which would need to be implemented by the user if using OpenGL ES directly. Marmalade SDK provides exporter plug-ins for use with Autodesk 3DS Max and Autodesk Maya to allow 3D models and animations to be used in applications. For supporting older devices with no dedicated rendering hardware, a legacy software based rendering option is provided. On 9 October 2015, Marmalade introduced its own 2D and 3D authoring tools. Marmalade Technologies Limited formerly Ideaworks Ltd, the maker of the 2D/3D Marmalade SDK announced in September 2016 the ceasing of production and support of its Marmalade Game Platform, choosing instead to focus on the output of its own game studio known as Marmalade Game Studio Ltd. The company announced that after the final iteration in March 2017 the licence server will be turned off and support will cease. In January 2017 GMO Cloud\u2013 based in Japan obtains the exclusive rights to use the Marmalade SDK which supports both native and hybrid browser-based apps, accelerating the development of new features and supporting game and app development. In May 2018, GMO Cloud announced the discontinuation of Marmalade. On November 12, 2015 the Marmalade Platform won at The Independent Game Developers' Association Awards 2015 in the category of \"Best Engines & Middleware, Tools & Tech\". This is a list of notable games which had been built using the Marmalade SDK.", "Since 1979, the EU directive 79/693/CEE define marmalade as a jam made from citrus fruits. The directive was replaced on 20/12/2001 by the ruling 32001L0113. The Scottish city of Dundee has a long association with marmalade. James Keiller and his wife Janet ran a small sweet and preserves shop in the Seagate area of Dundee. In 1797, they opened a factory to produce \"Dundee Marmalade\", a preserve distinguished by thick chunks of bitter Seville orange rind. The business prospered, and remains a signature marmalade producer today. According to a Scottish legend, the creation of orange marmalade in Britain occurred by accident. The legend tells of a ship carrying a cargo of oranges that broke down in the port of Dundee, resulting in some ingenious locals making marmalade out of the cargo. Paddington Bear is known for his liking of marmalade, particularly in sandwiches, and kept it in his briefcase wherever he went. Paddington Bear is now used on the label of the smaller peel (\"shred\") and clearer/milder Robertson's \"Golden Shred\" marmalade, in place of the previous icon, \"Golliwog\", which is now considered racially offensive. The 2014 movie \"Paddington\" led to a slight increase in marmalade sales in the UK.", "Trevor Marmalade Trevor Marmalade (born Jason van de Velde, 26 April 1962) is an Australian comedian and radio and television presenter. Marmalade is of Dutch descent and grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Surrey Hills. During the 1980s, Marmalade was a member of the alternative comedy show \"Punter to Punter\" with Tracy Harvey, Tony Rickards as \"Con Marasco\", Mitchell Faircloth as \"Slim Whittle\" and John Rothfield as \"Dr Turf\". The show was broadcast on 3RRR on Saturday mornings after the Coodabeen Champions. Marmalade is also a successful standup comic going back to his appearances in the early 1980s at \"Le Joke\" and \"The Last Laugh\". He also appeared on the long-running television show, \"Hey Hey It's Saturday\", from 1991 to 1999. Marmalade appeared on the Nine television network's \"The AFL Footy Show\" from 1994 to 2008, as a comedian based \"behind the bar\". At the end of 2008, his contract for the show was not renewed and the \"behind the bar\" role was dropped altogether. Marmalade did return for one show, on 7 April 2011, to help celebrate its 500th episode. In December 2010, he returned to television as the host of a show titled \"Statesmen of Comedy\". It was broadcast for one season of 15 shows, on Foxtel's The Comedy Channel. In 2012, Trevor was the presenter of a major television and social media advertising campaign for Lawson's bread. The campaign used humour to offer light-hearted advice to parents dealing with stay-at-home adult children. Marmalade has also written several comedy-based books, including \"Any danger?\" published in 1998 and \"Trevor Marmalade's footy show jokes\" published in 2001.", "Marmalade Atkins Marmalade Atkins is a children's fictional character created by the writer Andrew Davies. Marmalade first appeared in the book \"Marmalade and Rufus\" in 1979, and the character was later brought to television in 1981 in which she was played by the actress Charlotte Coleman. A hair-raising teenage rebel, Marmalade made her TV debut in the one-off \"Marmalade Atkins in Space\" broadcast in 1981 as part of the \"Theatre Box\" series. This was followed by two ten-part series entitled \"Educating Marmalade\" in 1982-83, and \"Danger: Marmalade At Work\" in 1984, both of which continued to feature Coleman in the lead role. Also featuring John Bird and Lynda Marchal as her parents Mr & Mrs Atkins (the latter replaced by Carol MacReady for the \"Marmalade at Work\" series), the programmes were produced by Thames Television for ITV. The show's creator, Andrew Davies, went on to author a series of Marmalade Atkins books. The theme track for \"Educating Marmalade\" was written and performed by Bad Manners.", "Marmalade Dog Marmalade Dog is an annual gaming convention operated by the Western Michigan Gamers Guild (WMGG) and held on the campus of Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan each spring. Marmalade Dog is traditionally held in The Bernhard Center (WMU's student union). Exceptions to this were in 1999 (Sangren Hall), 2002 (Ellsworth Cafeteria) and 2006 (Student Recreation Center). The distinctive name for the convention was given a brief explanation in the 1994 pre-registration book: The name was actually suggested by John Zimmerman (Guild Librarian around the time of the first Marmalade Dog): Prior to 1994 the WMGG was known as the \"Western Area Role-Players\" and the convention called \"WARPCon\". The original Marmalade Dog logo was also created by John Zimmerman. This illustration was used to brand and promote Marmalade Dog up to and including the 1999 convention. It was at this convention (Marmalade Dog 4) that professional fantasy artist Jeff Easley drew a rendition of Marmalade Dog which he gave to the WMGG. While the Easley illustration did become the new \"official\" Marmalade Dog, the classic logo was still used on some convention materials until 2001 and after that on certain WMGG materials. Most recently the Zimmerman dog was used as a repeating pattern on the WMGG photo ID membership cards issued 2005\u2013present. A new vision of Marmalade Dog has been created for nearly every convention since Marmalade Dog II, however it was not until Mia Paluzzi's illustration for Marmalade Dog 7 in 2002 that all convention materials (web site, books, badges, T-shirts, etc.) began to exclusively use the annually changing image. 1994 1995 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013"], "answer": {"text": "Their initial line-up included Tommy Frew on drums and lead guitarist Pat McGovern, fronted by vocalist Wattie Rodgers.", "answer_start": 187}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of music did Marmalade play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are the Gaylords?", "answer": {"text": "were originally formed by Pat Fairley and Billy Johnston in Baillieston,", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e51d4ce1cf404d7ab520229526e3bcf7_1_q#3", "question": "Did they have any other band member changes?", "rewrite": "Besides Tommy Frew, Pat McGover, and Wattie Rodgers, did Marmalade have any other band members?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James Wattie Sir James Wattie (23 March 1902 \u2013 8 June 1974) was a New Zealand clerk, accountant, company manager, industrialist, philanthropist and race-horse owner. Wattie was born in Hawarden, New Zealand in 1902. In 1934, he founded food processing company Wattie's. Wattie had a reputation for his humility and friendliness towards his staff, with his constant effort to look after and understand his staff's problems. Upon his death in 1974, his company and workplace philosophies were carried on by his sons, Gordon and Raymond. Since 1992 the company has been owned by H. J. Heinz Company which is one of the world's leading food manufacturing companies. In the 1963 New Year Honours, Wattie was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the process food industry. He was knighted in the 1966 Queen's Birthday Honours. His horse Even Stevens won the 1962 Melbourne Cup.", "The Gaylords (named after the notorious post war Chicago Gaylords street gang) were originally formed by Pat Fairley and Billy Johnston in Baillieston, a suburb east of Glasgow, in 1961. Their initial line-up included Tommy Frew on drums and lead guitarist Pat McGovern, fronted by vocalist Wattie Rodgers. William Junior Campbell joined on his fourteenth birthday on 31 May 1961 replacing McGovern, and Rodgers was then himself replaced, initially by two new lead vocalists, Billy Reid and Tommy Scott, although Reid soon departed leaving Scott as the sole frontman. Bill Irving, from local Baillieston group The Cadillacs, then took over from Johnston on bass. The group began gathering notice and in 1963 Thomas McAleese (who adopted the stage moniker Dean Ford) replaced Scott as lead singer. They then became known as Dean Ford and The Gaylords. Raymond Duffy, from Glasgow group The Escorts, then came in on drums after Frew departed. For a few months, they had an organist, Davey Hunter. By early 1965, Graham Knight, from the local group The Vampires, had displaced Irving on bass. (Pictured; left to right: Bill Irving, Junior Campbell, Dean Ford, Ray Duffy and Pat Fairley (1964))  Becoming popular in Scotland, and under the management of Billy Grainger, in early 1964 they were championed by Scottish music journalist Gordon Reid, which led to them being signed to Columbia (EMI) by Norrie Paramor after auditions at Glasgow's Locarno Ballroom. They went on to record four singles, including a cover of the 1963 Chubby Checker US hit \"Twenty Miles\", which was a big seller locally but failed to chart nationally. The Columbia releases, although uncredited, were all produced by Bob Barratt, EMI staff producer, with Norrie Paramor as executive.", "GPS does not need facilities on the ground for navigational guidance because it uses satellites orbiting the earth to triangulate the aircraft's position. Loran-C basically works the same way as a GPS, but with ground-based facilities around the country. Therefore, IFP does not have any navigational aids on the Airport property. IFP has three instrument approaches. Runway 16 has a GPS approach. Runway 34 has a GPS approach and a VOR approach using the Needles VORTAC. The GPS approach provides vertical guidance as well as course (horizontal) guidance. The Needles VORTAC approach only gives pilots course guidance. Runway 34's GPS approach provides the lowest minimums for the Airport. The FAA approach plate for this instrument approach is shown in Appendix B. The GPS LPV approach allows aircraft to come down to about 640 feet above ground level (AGL). All landing traffic in VFR weather is kept to the west of the airfield. So, right turning traffic for Runway 16 and left turning traffic for Runway 34. An airport traffic control tower is used to control traffic on the ground at IFP and in the vicinity. It is only operational from 8:00 am to 6:00 pm Mountain Standard Time, which is their local time zone. The control tower is stationed at about midfield on the east side. When the control tower is closed, area traffic use the Common Traffic Advisory Frequency (CTAF). During Non-Towered hours, landing traffic operating under instrument flight rules (IFR) are controlled by the Los Angeles air route traffic control facility. There are numerous landside facilities at IFP. A terminal that has ticket sales, security screening, rental car services, and airport administration is on the north side of the apron, connected to the departure holdroom by a covered walkway. There are no actual gates. Passengers walk out to their planes from the holdroom.", "Wattie's  Wattie's or Heinz Wattie's Limited is an American-owned food producer of frozen and packaged fruit, vegetables, sauces, baby food, cooking sauces, dressings and pet foods in the New Zealand market. Founded in 1934 by Sir James Wattie, the company operated in New Zealand under the name of J. Wattie Canneries Limited (later J Wattie Foods Limited and its related companies). In 1980, Wattie Industries and Goodman Fielder purchased shares in each other\u2019s companies that led to a merger in 1987 to create Goodman Fielder Wattie Ltd. In 1992 the Wattie\u2019s group was bought from Goodman Fielder by American-based H. J. Heinz Company for $565 million. The company employs around 1,900 people, of which approximately 350 are temporary or casual. The company produces its own Wattie's products, some international brands of H. J. Heinz Company, as well as local products under brands like Craig's, Farex, Eta, Oak, Good Taste Company, Greenseas, Earth's Best, Complan, Chef and Champ. The company has three production centres in New Zealand. Two are located in Hastings, New Zealand, where the company was founded, and over 1,200 product lines are produced there. In Christchurch, the largest city in the South Island, the company has its third production plant which focuses on producing frozen and dry vegetables. Wattie's has an extensive product line consisting of thousands of products. Its baby food products are broken down into five main categories: birth - 4 months, 4 \u2013 6 months, 6 \u2013 7 months, 8 \u2013 9 months and 12 months or older. Other canned food includes baked beans, spaghetti, soup, preserved fruits such as apricots and pears, sauce bases, animal food, frozen meals and frozen vegetables.", "Shooter (band) Shooter, originally known known as Greaseball Boogie Band, was a Canadian rock music group active in the early 1970s. They were most noted for receiving a Juno Award nomination for Most Promising New Group at the Juno Awards of 1975. The band, which initially tried to market itself as a Canadian version of Sha Na Na, consisted of vocalist Duncan White, keyboardist Ray Harrison, saxophonist Wayne Mills, guitarist John Bride and drummer Tommy Frew. Their debut album as Greaseball Boogie Band, consisting entirely of covers of 1950s rock songs such as \"Be-Bop-A-Lula\", \"Blueberry Hill\" and \"Sea Cruise\", was released in 1973 on GRT Records. They had a modest hit on Toronto's local CHUM Chart with \"Be-Bop-A-Lula\", and received their Juno Award nomination for Most Promising Group in 1975, but changed their name to Shooter, and changed their visual image from a greaser look to a 1930s gangster style, before releasing the album \"Shooter\" in 1975. The album again consisted entirely of covers, this time selecting more current songs by artists such as Leo Sayer, Neil Sedaka and Roger Cook. They had hits on the CHUM Chart with \"Long Tall Glasses (I Can Dance)\", \"Train\" and \"Hard Times\", but GRT Records went bankrupt in 1976 before the band could release another album. They signed to Casino Records, releasing the radio singles \"Cherokee Queen\" and \"Flows Like a River\" in 1978 while working on the followup, but that label also went bankrupt before the album could be released. Harrison, Mills and Bride left to form Cameo Blues Band, while White and Frew briefly carried on with a new band lineup that included Rh\u00e9al Lanthier and John Gibbard of Crowbar, but the band broke up by 1980 without releasing any further new music."], "answer": {"text": "William Junior Campbell joined on his fourteenth birthday on 31 May 1961 replacing McGovern, and Rodgers was then himself replaced, initially by two new lead vocalists,", "answer_start": 307}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of music did Marmalade play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are the Gaylords?", "answer": {"text": "were originally formed by Pat Fairley and Billy Johnston in Baillieston,", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the early part of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Their initial line-up included Tommy Frew on drums and lead guitarist Pat McGovern, fronted by vocalist Wattie Rodgers.", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e51d4ce1cf404d7ab520229526e3bcf7_1_q#4", "question": "Wow was William Junior Campbell the youngest person on the band?", "rewrite": "Wow was William Junior Campbell the youngest person on Marmalade?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Gaylords (named after the notorious post war Chicago Gaylords street gang) were originally formed by Pat Fairley and Billy Johnston in Baillieston, a suburb east of Glasgow, in 1961. Their initial line-up included Tommy Frew on drums and lead guitarist Pat McGovern, fronted by vocalist Wattie Rodgers. William Junior Campbell joined on his fourteenth birthday on 31 May 1961 replacing McGovern, and Rodgers was then himself replaced, initially by two new lead vocalists, Billy Reid and Tommy Scott, although Reid soon departed leaving Scott as the sole frontman. Bill Irving, from local Baillieston group The Cadillacs, then took over from Johnston on bass. The group began gathering notice and in 1963 Thomas McAleese (who adopted the stage moniker Dean Ford) replaced Scott as lead singer. They then became known as Dean Ford and The Gaylords. Raymond Duffy, from Glasgow group The Escorts, then came in on drums after Frew departed. For a few months, they had an organist, Davey Hunter. By early 1965, Graham Knight, from the local group The Vampires, had displaced Irving on bass. (Pictured; left to right: Bill Irving, Junior Campbell, Dean Ford, Ray Duffy and Pat Fairley (1964))  Becoming popular in Scotland, and under the management of Billy Grainger, in early 1964 they were championed by Scottish music journalist Gordon Reid, which led to them being signed to Columbia (EMI) by Norrie Paramor after auditions at Glasgow's Locarno Ballroom. They went on to record four singles, including a cover of the 1963 Chubby Checker US hit \"Twenty Miles\", which was a big seller locally but failed to chart nationally. The Columbia releases, although uncredited, were all produced by Bob Barratt, EMI staff producer, with Norrie Paramor as executive.", "I See the Rain \"I See the Rain\" is a 1967 song recorded by The Marmalade, written by lead guitarist William Junior Campbell and vocalist Dean Ford (born Thomas McAleese). This was the band's third CBS Records release, following their 1966 name change from Dean Ford and the Gaylords and change of label from Columbia (EMI) to CBS, and was one year before their first successful UK release \"Lovin' Things\". The self-penned recording was praised by Jimi Hendrix as the \"best cut of 1967. \" The recording became a chart-topper in the Netherlands that same year. Graham Nash of The Hollies, contributed to the session, but it did not chart in the UK, although the track, with its distinct mid-1960s psychedelic feel, has since attained a cult following and has been covered by artists such as Susanna Hoffs of The Bangles and Matthew Sweet (see \"Under the Covers, Vol. 1\"). The Marmalade's original recording also was used in an advertisement campaign by Gap Inc. in 2002. A commercial was directed by the Coen brothers and featured Dennis Hopper and Christina Ricci.", "Junior Campbell Junior Campbell ( born William Campbell Jnr, 31 May 1947) is a Scottish composer, songwriter and musician. He was a founding member, lead guitarist, piano player, and singer with the Scottish band Marmalade and co-wrote and produced some of their biggest successes, including \"Reflections of My Life\", \"I See The Rain\" and \"Rainbow\". \"Reflections of My Life\" has produced sales of over two million units. In 1998 Campbell and co-writer Dean Ford (Thomas McAleese) were awarded a Special Citation of Achievement by the BMI for attaining radio broadcast performances in excess of one million in the US alone. He also wrote and produced his own solo hits, Hallelujah Freedom and Sweet Illusion and \"Carolina Days\". Campbell is also known for composing music for film and television drama, and as an arranger and producer for many musicians including Barbara Dickson. He is also known for co-composing the music and co-writing the lyrics for 182 episodes and 31 songs of the children's TV series \"Thomas & Friends\" from 1983\u20132003, including \"The Island Song\", \"He's A Really Useful Engine\", \"The Snow Song\" and \"Accidents Happen\", and also composing the music for \"Tugs\" a thirteen part children's television series. Campbell was born in Glasgow, Scotland. He grew up in Springboig, in the east end of Glasgow, and was educated at Thorntree Primary in Greenfield and Eastbank Academy in Shettleston. His paternal grandfather Alfredo Cancellari was an Italian immigrant born near Lucca, Italy, who changed his surname to Campbell in the early 1900s when he settled in Scotland.", "Reflections of My Life \"Reflections Of My Life\" was a 1969/1970 hit single for the Scottish band, Marmalade. It was written by their lead guitarist Junior Campbell, and singer Dean Ford (born Thomas McAleese). Released in late 1969, it was the band's first release on Decca following an earlier spell at CBS. The song went on to chart worldwide, reaching number three in the UK in 1969, number 10 in the US in 1970 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and number seven on the \"Cash Box \" Top 100. Initial sales were significant in both countries, and the one million mark was reported in November 1971, when the group was presented with a gold disc for global sales. The track featured a lead vocal by Ford backed by vocal harmonies, and included a reverse tape guitar solo (backmasking) by Campbell. \"Reflections Of My Life\" has produced sales of over two million units. In 1998 the writers were awarded a Special Citation of Achievement by the BMI for attaining radio broadcast performances in excess of one million in the US alone. The recording took place over three days in October 1969 at Decca Studios 2 and 1 in West Hampstead London with band members Graham Knight on bass, Alan Whitehead on Drums, Pat Fairley on acoustic guitar, and Junior Campbell on keyboards and electric guitars. Dean Ford sang lead vocal and Junior Campbell and Graham Knight provided harmony vocals. The added brass and strings were orchestrated by Keith Mansfield. \" Reflections\" was released 14 November 1969 in the UK. The Decca staff recording engineers were Bill Price and Peter Rynston. The song structure is unusual in that the intro, verses and choruses all share the same 8 bar sequence: G major B minor E minor G7 C major B minor A minor D7 repeated throughout.", "Dean Ford Dean Ford (born Thomas McAleese; 5 September 1946 \u2013 31 December 2018) was a Scottish singer and songwriter best known for his tenure as lead vocalist and frontman of the beat pop group Marmalade from 1966 to 1974. Ford (credited as McAleese) co-wrote the group's worldwide hit \"Reflections of My Life\" with fellow band member Junior Campbell. \" Reflections of My Life\" has sold more than two million units globally, and in 1998 the writers were awarded a Special Citation of Achievement by BMI for attaining radio broadcast performances in excess of one million in the U.S. alone. Born in Airdrie, North Lanarkshire, to Thomas and Elizabeth McAleese, young Tom first began singing in public accompanying a jazz ensemble at the local Whifflet parish church dance hall. He formed his first musical group The Tonebeats at age 13, one of several he hooked up with during his teenage years. By the time he left Clifton High School in Coatbridge at age 15, he had been gaining more exposure as a featured singer. His break came after a performance with the Monarchs at the Barrowland Ballroom in Glasgow in 1963, where he was seen by Junior Campbell and Pat Fairley of the popular east Glasgow band The Gaylords and subsequently invited to join the group. Shortly thereafter, McAleese adopted his stage name (a moniker he coined by combining the names Dean Martin and Tennessee Ernie Ford) and The Gaylords were re-christened Dean Ford and the Gaylords. With hopes of achieving more commercial success, Ford and the band relocated to London in 1965. Three years later, Marmalade, with Ford as lead singer, became the first Scottish band to score a No. 1 hit on the UK Singles Chart, also racking up many prior and additional consecutive quality hits worldwide."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of music did Marmalade play?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are the Gaylords?", "answer": {"text": "were originally formed by Pat Fairley and Billy Johnston in Baillieston,", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the early part of the band?", "answer": {"text": "Their initial line-up included Tommy Frew on drums and lead guitarist Pat McGovern, fronted by vocalist Wattie Rodgers.", "answer_start": 187, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have any other band member changes?", "answer": {"text": "William Junior Campbell joined on his fourteenth birthday on 31 May 1961 replacing McGovern, and Rodgers was then himself replaced, initially by two new lead vocalists,", "answer_start": 307, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#0", "question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "rewrite": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\".", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories.", "Needell has also co-presented 'MPH' at Earls Court in 2003, 2004 and 2005 with Jeremy Clarkson and Richard Hammond and in 2006 with Clarkson and James May (because Hammond was recovering from an on-location accident in a rocket car which rolled over at top speed, leaving him in a coma). He also appeared very briefly in the 2005 \"Top Gear\" Comic Relief special, \"Stars in Fast Cars\". In 2009 he appeared on \"James May's Toy Stories\" featuring the building of a Scalextric around Brooklands, and also visited James' LEGO house. In 2011, he appeared on \"Top Gear\", driving the Ariel Atom V8 in a race against a BMW S1000RR around the Top Gear Test Track. The segment was done in humour, with May supposedly driving the Atom V8, only for it to actually be Needell. He was one of several people suspected of portraying the elusive masked racing driver The Stig on the current format of \"Top Gear\". The true identity of The Stig was eventually revealed as being Ben Collins late in production, necessitating Needell's return to \"Top Gear\" after a nine-year absence to train director Danny Boyle for his lap in the reasonably-priced car. In the same episode Clarkson referred to Needell as the \"Emergency Stig\". On 22 September 2013, Needell co-starred in Tommy Kendall's Fox Sports 1 show, \"Driven - A Race Without Boundaries\". In 2016, Needell announced that \"Fifth Gear\" had ended. In 2018, Needell and others announced a new series of \"Fifth Gear\" was being filmed and will be shown on Quest in September of the same year, the 2019 series no longer has Needell in their presenter line-up.", "In addition to various types of cars, Scalextric vehicles have included motorbikes, sidecars, go-karts, pickup trucks, SUVs, racing trucks, articulated trucks, horses, skateboards and bicycles. Standard track consists of straights of various lengths and corners of different radii and degree of turn. Special track includes several different styles of chicane, cross-over tracks, crossroad track and humpback bridge. Novelty pieces of track have included pit lane tracks, Le Mans start, blow-out track and loop-the-loop tracks. There are five generations of 1:32 scale Scalextric track: In 2009, BBC \"Top Gear\" presenter James May announced plans to recreate the full length Brooklands racing track using Scalextric track and cars. This was undertaken with a team of 350 volunteers building the track from an uncounted number of pieces of Scalextric track, navigating ponds and roads, closely following the route of the old Brooklands track. This event broke the Guinness World Record for the longest ever Scalextric track in the world, intended to measure the original of the original Brooklands circuit but in reality recording in length, because of the need to navigate modern features that block the original course. The episode was first shown on BBC2 on 17 November 2009 as part of \"James May's Toy Stories\". Micro Scalextric (or MicroScalextric, as appears on product boxes) was launched on 1 February 1994 (then known as Scalextric Micro MR-1) at the Olympia toy fair. It became available to the public in October of that year and used a much smaller track geometry to the standard Scalextric product. Many of the Micro MR-1 models were re-badged products manufactured by Marchon,"], "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#1", "question": "What happened in the show ?", "rewrite": "What happened in James May's stories?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories.", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\".", "James May's 20th Century James May's 20th Century is a television series first aired on 10 July 2007 on the British terrestrial channel BBC Two. The series is a co-production by the BBC and the Open University. The series covers various inventions and discoveries over the past century with some reference to discoveries made before the past century. The show features the eponymous James May, exhibiting and discussing the implications of many of the major advances and inventions made during this period. Each episode features some theme, which was discussed in depth during the show, often following sequential advances in chronological order. The programme is now shown on Eden, Yesterday and Dave. The theme tune is called \"The Long Boot\", by Jeff Knowler. Sam Wollaston writing for Guardian Unlimited described James May's 20th Century as \"essentially Top Gear, masquerading as something educational\" but conceded that if \"teaching history can be achieved through Top Gear, then maybe that's not such a bad thing\". The New Statesman thought that James May was \"ill-suited to the task in hand\" and described the biggest problem as May being unable to \"put his wretched motors behind him\". The Lancashire Telegraph wrote positively of the show praising the presenter May as \"someone with genuine enthusiasm for what they were doing.\" The 6 episodes were originally aired in 3 double-bills on BBC Two in a Tuesday 8pm to 9pm timeslot. Episodes 1 & 2 both attracted 2.4 million viewers and a 12% share. Episodes 5 & 6 received slightly less with 1.9 million and 2.3 million viewers, and respective shares of 10% and 12%. The programme finished behind BBC One and ITV but ahead of Channel 4 and Five. Original air dates:", "James May: My Sisters' Top Toys James May: My Sisters Top Toys is a British television documentary. Presented by James May, it was first broadcast on 23 December 2007 on BBC Two. The show was a spin-off from the 2005 documentary \"James May's Top Toys\", and was first shown as one of three shows which made up the \"Top Gear Night In\". The show focused on the toys loved by his elder and younger sisters, including dolls, dolls' houses, dolls' prams, Girls' World, Ladybird Books, Spirograph, and a Palitoy (Kenner) Tree Tots Family House. May speaks about how he often played with them as they were hand-me-downs. During the show, May sets up a race as a girls' school (Skipton Girls' High School) and a boys' school (Ermysted's Grammar School) battle it out in a go-kart time trial, using their own converted Silver Cross prams. May gets his own made by the pram factory. He tests it out, battling for first place alongside the girls and the boys."], "answer": {"text": "In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process.", "answer_start": 231}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#2", "question": "How does he take the toy to its limits, does he play with them?", "rewrite": "How does James May take the toy to its limits in each show, does he play with them?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["James May: My Sisters' Top Toys James May: My Sisters Top Toys is a British television documentary. Presented by James May, it was first broadcast on 23 December 2007 on BBC Two. The show was a spin-off from the 2005 documentary \"James May's Top Toys\", and was first shown as one of three shows which made up the \"Top Gear Night In\". The show focused on the toys loved by his elder and younger sisters, including dolls, dolls' houses, dolls' prams, Girls' World, Ladybird Books, Spirograph, and a Palitoy (Kenner) Tree Tots Family House. May speaks about how he often played with them as they were hand-me-downs. During the show, May sets up a race as a girls' school (Skipton Girls' High School) and a boys' school (Ermysted's Grammar School) battle it out in a go-kart time trial, using their own converted Silver Cross prams. May gets his own made by the pram factory. He tests it out, battling for first place alongside the girls and the boys.", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories.", "James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\".", "James May's 20th Century James May's 20th Century is a television series first aired on 10 July 2007 on the British terrestrial channel BBC Two. The series is a co-production by the BBC and the Open University. The series covers various inventions and discoveries over the past century with some reference to discoveries made before the past century. The show features the eponymous James May, exhibiting and discussing the implications of many of the major advances and inventions made during this period. Each episode features some theme, which was discussed in depth during the show, often following sequential advances in chronological order. The programme is now shown on Eden, Yesterday and Dave. The theme tune is called \"The Long Boot\", by Jeff Knowler. Sam Wollaston writing for Guardian Unlimited described James May's 20th Century as \"essentially Top Gear, masquerading as something educational\" but conceded that if \"teaching history can be achieved through Top Gear, then maybe that's not such a bad thing\". The New Statesman thought that James May was \"ill-suited to the task in hand\" and described the biggest problem as May being unable to \"put his wretched motors behind him\". The Lancashire Telegraph wrote positively of the show praising the presenter May as \"someone with genuine enthusiasm for what they were doing.\" The 6 episodes were originally aired in 3 double-bills on BBC Two in a Tuesday 8pm to 9pm timeslot. Episodes 1 & 2 both attracted 2.4 million viewers and a 12% share. Episodes 5 & 6 received slightly less with 1.9 million and 2.3 million viewers, and respective shares of 10% and 12%. The programme finished behind BBC One and ITV but ahead of Channel 4 and Five. Original air dates:"], "answer": {"text": "In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey.", "answer_start": 352}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the show ?", "answer": {"text": "In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#3", "question": "How else does he put the toys to the test ?", "rewrite": "Besides built a full-sizes housed out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey, how else does May put the toys to the test?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2014 RideLondon\u2013Surrey Classic The 2014 RideLondon\u2013Surrey Classic (also known as the 2014 Prudential RideLondon\u2013Surrey Classic for sponsorship reasons) was the 2nd edition of the RideLondon\u2013Surrey Classic one-day cycling race. It was held on 10 August 2014 as a 1.HC category event within the 2014 UCI Europe Tour. Following the inaugural running of the RideLondon\u2013Surrey Classic the route chosen for the 2014 edition incorporates a number of changes. The route features five categorised climbs and four intermediate sprint points. The biggest changes relate to the Surrey section where local residents complained about the lengthy road closures put in place for the 2013 edition; where possible, the road closures for the 2014 edition will be managed by rolling road closures to limit the impact of the race on the local community. The climb of Newlands Corner has been substituted for Staple Lane in order to route the race further from Guildford. The Leith Hill loop (traversed three times in 2013) has been replaced with two different loops centred on Dorking - riders will tackle Leith Hill (via Coldharbour) once and Denbies Wine Estate twice. The riders will race through the centre of Dorking four times, rather than once in 2013. With three categorised climbs in the vicinity and two intermediate sprint points in the town centre, Dorking was expected to become a focal point for spectators. The route back to London, which still features the climb of Box Hill, was routed via Oxshott rather than Cobham. Minor changes to the route in Kingston upon Thames have been included in order to showcase the recently redeveloped ancient Market Place. Both the climb of Staple Lane and Oxshott were used in the routes of the Olympic Road Cycling races in 2012. There are four Intermediate Sprints that count towards the sprints classification:", "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day. The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby. In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process. In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey. Plans for Legoland to move it to their theme park fell through in September 2009 because costs to deconstruct, move and then rebuild were too high and despite a final Facebook appeal for someone to take it, it was demolished on 22 September, with the plastic bricks planned to be donated to charity. Also for the series, he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail between Barnstaple and Bideford in North Devon, although the attempt was foiled due to parts of the track being stolen and vandals placing coins on the track, causing a short circuit. In December 2012 aired a special Christmas Episode called Flight Club, where James and his team built a huge toy glider that flew 22 miles (35 km) from Devon to the island of Lundy. In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano. Joined by Oz Clark, he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "Lego builders such as Eric Harshbarger have made multiple replicas of Mona Lisa. Matching the approximate 21 by 30 inch size (535 x 760+ mm) of Leonardo's original requires upwards of 5,000 standard Lego \"bricks\", but replicas measuring 6 by 8 feet have been built, requiring more than 30,000 bricks. The Little Artists (John Cake and Darren Neave) have created an entire Modern Art collection in Lego form. Their exhibition 'Art Craziest Nation' was shown at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, UK. A giant legofigure called Ego Leonard washed ashore at several beaches in The Netherlands, UK and Siesta Key Florida  Polish artist Zbigniew Libera created \"Lego Concentration Camp\", a collection of mock Lego sets with a concentration camp theme. Danish artist J\u00f8rn R\u00f8nnau created a sculpture called \"The Walker\" out of 120,000 Lego bricks for the travelling exhibition 'Homo Futurus' at the end of the 1980s. The sculpture later went on display in the Danish pavilion at Expo 2000. The Lego-Br\u00fccke (Lego Bridge) is situated in Wuppertal, Germany. It received an award in 2012. In December 2013, Romanian Raul Oaida and Australian Steve Sammartino completed construction of a Lego Car. The car is constructed of over half a million Lego pieces and runs on compressed air. Lego was the subject of Episode 5 of the 2009 British TV series \"James May's Toy Stories\", in which presenter James May built a full-sized two-story house from 3.3 million Lego bricks in a vineyard of the Denbies Wine Estate in Dorking, Surrey.", "Denbies Denbies is a large estate to the northwest of Dorking in Surrey, England. A farmhouse and surrounding land originally owned by John Denby was purchased in 1734 by Jonathan Tyers, the proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens in London, and converted into a weekend retreat. The house he built appears to have been of little architectural significance, but the Gothic garden he developed in the grounds on the theme of death achieved some notoriety, despite being short-lived. The estate was bought by Lord King of Ockham following Tyers' death in 1767, and the macabre artefacts he had installed, including two stone coffins topped by human skulls, were removed. Joseph Denison, a wealthy banker, purchased the estate in about 1787, and it remained in the Denison family until 1849, when it passed to Thomas Cubitt, a master builder. At the time, Cubitt was working on Osborne House for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, and the mansion he designed to replace the old one was a more modest version of Osborne. It was still a substantial building though, in the Italianate style, with almost 100 rooms on three storeys. The payment of death duties and the difficulty of maintaining a large estate during the Second World War forced the Cubitt family to begin selling packets of land. Cubitt's mansion was abandoned until its demolition in 1953, by which time the family was living in a Regency-style house converted from the housing that had been provided for the garden and stable staff in more affluent times. What remained of the estate \u2013 about  \u2013 was put on the market in 1984 and bought by Biwater, a water-treatment company. Two years later the company chairman Adrian White established Denbies Wine Estate, using on a south-facing piece of land to plant vines.", "Denbies Wine Estate Denbies Wine Estate near Dorking , Surrey has the largest vineyard in England with under vines, representing more than 10 per cent of the plantings in the whole of the United Kingdom. It has a visitors' centre that attracts around 300,000 visitors a year. The estate takes its name from John Denby, who owned the farmhouse in the 16th century. In the mid-18th century Denby's farm buildings were converted into a gentleman's residence by Jonathan Tyers, proprietor of Vauxhall Gardens near London. Tyer's garden at Denbies was in startling contrast to the frivolities of Vauxhall, being adorned with \"memento mori\" (\"reminders of death\"). The property passed through several other hands, and in the 1850s it was rebuilt on a larger scale by the preeminent Victorian master builder, Thomas Cubitt. He was visited at Denbies by Prince Albert, who planted a commemorative tree which survived until the Great Storm of 1990. The house remained in the Cubitt family until the Second World War, when it was requisitioned by the military. In the 1950s Cubitt's great grandson decided to demolish the house as he lacked the funds to restore and maintain it. He converted the laundry and gardener's house into a smaller Regency-style house. According to the Dorking Museum, it was purchased by Biwater in the 1980s with development later by local businessman Adrian White. Denbies is situated on the North Downs, which are a range of chalk hills the topsoil of which consists of fertile loam interspersed with flints. From 1986 to 1989 White had the south-facing slopes planted with vines, which cover of the estate, the remainder of which is woodland and pasture. The average yield is 300,000 litres of wine per year."], "answer": {"text": "attempt at the world's longest working model railway", "answer_start": 839}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the show ?", "answer": {"text": "In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he take the toy to its limits, does he play with them?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#4", "question": "Did he test any other toys in unique ways ?", "rewrite": "Besides attempt at the world's longest working model railway, did May test any other toys in unique ways ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Regardless of whether a letter or number is used, the scale is the same. The NMRA (National Model Railroad Association) standardized the first model railway scales in the 1940s. NMRA standards are used widely in North America and by certain special interest groups all over the world. To some extent NMRA and NEM standards are compatible, but in many areas, the two standards specify certain model railway details in somewhat incompatible ways for the same scale. There are two NMRA standard sheets where the scales have been defined. NMRA standard S-1.2 covers the \"popular model railway scales\" and S-1.3 defines \"scales with deep flanges\" for model railways with very sharp curves or other garden railway specific design features. In certain NMRA scales an alternative designation is sometimes used corresponding the length of one prototype foot in scale either in millimetres or in inches. For instance, 3.5 mm scale is the same as HO. For HO and O -scales, NMRA uses the letter 'O' whereas NEM uses the number zero (H0 instead of HO). NMRA has defined alternative, more prototypical, track and wheel system standards in standard sheet S-1.1 for the purposes of reproducing the prototype proportions in scale model more realistically. These model railway standards are based on the full size prototype standards and the scale model operational reliability is therefore reduced in comparison to the models conforming to the normal NMRA standards. Proto and finescale rails and wheels are generally not compatible with the normal scale model railway material with the same scale ratio. Proto scale was originally developed by the Model Railway Study Group in Great Britain in 1966 and later adopted into NMRA standards with modifications necessary for the North American prototype railway standards. Proto scale reproduces faithfully the prototype wheel tread profile and track work used by the Association of American Railroads and the American Railway Engineering Association.", "Sydney Model Railway Exhibition The Sydney Model Railway Exhibition is an annual railway modelling exhibition, which is held on the Labour Day long weekend in October in Sydney. It is organised by the New South Wales Branch of the Australian Model Railway Association. The Exhibition was first held in 1962 in Burwood, and since then, the Exhibition has been held annually: first at Burwood at the Police-Citizens Boys Club, and then at the Lower Sydney Town Hall. In 1977 the Exhibition moved to the Ford and Mazda pavilions at the Sydney Showground (Moore Park), before moving to the Whitlam Centre in Liverpool in 1984. The Exhibition was held at the Hurstville Leisure and Aquatic Centre in 2005, when the Whitlam Centre at Liverpool was being renovated. The 2019 Exhibition is to be held, for the first time, at the Southee Pavilion at Sydney Olympic Park. It includes various layouts and commercial stands of the following gauges: The programme sponsors a vote of favourite layout, for which the winner receives a prize (usually, but not always, a train set). In the past, \"The Train Shed\" has operated a ride-on Thomas The Tank Engine for children at the show. Ride-on train rides are now operated by the North-West Model Engineers. There is also a \"U-Drive\" display that allows visitors to operate working scale models of Thomas the Tank Engine and Australian prototype trains. In 2005, the Association moved the exhibition to the Hurstville leisure centre for 2005 and 2006 before returning to the Whitlam Centre from 2007 onwards. This model railway exhibition is one of the oldest and largest model railway exhibitions in Australia. In 2012 the Australian Model Railway Association celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Sydney Model Railway Exhibition.", "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day. The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby. In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process. In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey. Plans for Legoland to move it to their theme park fell through in September 2009 because costs to deconstruct, move and then rebuild were too high and despite a final Facebook appeal for someone to take it, it was demolished on 22 September, with the plastic bricks planned to be donated to charity. Also for the series, he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail between Barnstaple and Bideford in North Devon, although the attempt was foiled due to parts of the track being stolen and vandals placing coins on the track, causing a short circuit. In December 2012 aired a special Christmas Episode called Flight Club, where James and his team built a huge toy glider that flew 22 miles (35 km) from Devon to the island of Lundy. In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano. Joined by Oz Clark, he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "Fry Model Railway The Casino Model Railway Museum at Malahide, Ireland commemerates the Fry Model Railway and is the new display home for the Fry Collection in the refurbished Casino cottage building in central Malahide. it scheduled to open in the latter half of 2019. The railway and collection was moved from its' previous home in Malahide Castle in 2010. The collection originated from the work of Cyril Fry who had created the collection to run on his layout at his cottage in Churchtown, Dublin. The layout and collection was created by the railway engineer and draughtsman Cyril Fry, an employee of Inchicore Works, and his family. It outgrew his bungalow in Churchtown, Dublin and passed to Dublin Tourism in the 1970s. Following work by retired CI\u00c9 craftsman Thomas Tighe at Inchicore Works the model railway was moved to Malahide Castle in 1988. The exhibition was forced to be removed to storage for the redevelopment of Malahide Castle in 2010 following notice from the owners Fingal County Council. A 'Friends of the Fry Model Railway' association was formed and initial suggestions of where to relocate included Collins Barracks, Dublin. The only viable proposal to emerge was to re-open the railway at the basement Eblana Theatre in the Bus \u00c9ireann station in Dublin. An unexpected turn of events was that a wealthy farmer who died in January 2012 left a bequest of \u20ac1.5m to restore the Casino House cottage near Malahide railway station but a condition of the legacy was that it be used to hold the Fry model railway exhibition. F\u00e1ilte Ireland initially wished to continue with the Bus \u00c9ireann option however this would have lost the conditions for the bequest. By April 2012 Fingal County Council determined to accept the bequest and the incumbent transport minister Leo Varadkar indicated he was delighted the matter was resolved.", "Once established, internal working models are assumed to remain largely consistent over time, developing primarily in complexity and sophistication. As such, internal working models of young children may include representations of past instances of caregiver responsiveness or availability, while older children's and adults' internal working models may integrate more advanced cognitive abilities such as the imagination of hypothetical future interactions. However, changes to internal representations of attachment relationships can occur. This is most likely to happen upon repeated experiences that are incompatible with the internal working model in place at the time. One way this can happen is during major periods (meaning weeks or months) of absence of the attachment figure. During such prolonged absence, a child's expectation of the caregiver's availability to respond is continuously violated. This results in a change of behaviour toward the caregiver upon reunion, reflecting changes in the child's internal working model of the relationship. Internal working models are subject to intergenerational transmission, meaning that parents' internal working model patterns may be passed on to their children. Indeed, high correlations have been found between security of early infant attachment and parental internal working model security. A central aspect in intergenerational transmission of internal working models is that caretakers themselves are influenced in their behaviour toward children by their own internal working models. For instance, a parent with a secure and consistent internal working model is likely to interpret an infant's attachment signals appropriately, whereas a parent with an insecure internal working model is less likely to do so. In the latter case, the infant itself might be drawn to construct a negative working model of the self and the relationship. Furthermore, a parent with a negative, poorly organized and inconsistent working model might fail to provide useful feedback about the parent-infant dyad and other relationships, thus disrupting the infant's forming of a well-adapted working model at an early stage."], "answer": {"text": "May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1289}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the show ?", "answer": {"text": "In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he take the toy to its limits, does he play with them?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How else does he put the toys to the test ?", "answer": {"text": "attempt at the world's longest working model railway", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#5", "question": "Did he actually drive the motorcycle ?", "rewrite": "Did James May actually drive the motorcycle ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "For instance, one of the key decisions which faced the team \u2013 the status of the Emperor of Japan \u2013 was studied by academic-turned-bureaucrat Hugh Borton. After the war, when Borton returned to the academy, he observed that his 1943 memo recommending the retention of Hirohito was largely unchanged as it passed through the planning process and subsequent implementation by Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers Douglas MacArthur. The SWNCC began its activities by reviewing and compiling existing work on occupation strategy, and in many cases summoning the responsible experts to participate in the committee. Within the U.S. government, planning for the occupation of Japan actually predated the attack on Pearl Harbor, so there were significant resources for the newly created organization. SWNCC in essence took academic and government research and used it to create a detailed set of policies which included the views of the military and civilian bureaucracies and which would be implemented by the military government once it took control. SWNCC consisted of a secretariat which held regular meetings and a number of working groups tasked to address specific problems and present their findings to the committee. Both the working groups and the full committee operated on a strict consensus principle. Any issues which could not be resolved between the participants was advanced to higher levels of leadership. However, it is important to note that of the 750 issues considered by the SWNCC, most were resolved at or below the Assistant Secretary level and only six cases were forwarded to the White House for final decisions.", "State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee The State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee (SWNCC, \"swink\") was a United States federal government committee created in December 1944 to address the political-military issues involved in the occupation of the Axis powers following the end of World War II. SWNCC was an important precursor to the National Security Council, and represents perhaps the most successful integration of military and civilian assets in the history of U.S. foreign policy. As a result, it has received renewed scrutiny in the wake of the Iraq War as the U.S. government attempts to overhaul its interagency national security system. During World War II, interagency coordination had been largely informal and mediated by president Roosevelt, but recognizing the need for deeper integration, the Secretary of State, Secretary of War, and Secretary of the Navy began holding weekly meetings to work through shared problems. However, the so-called \"Committee of Three\" had no specific mandate or authority, and this weakness became apparent as the war moved toward its conclusions and the details of occupation planning began to occupy the various departments. As soon as he became Secretary of State, Edward Stettinius sent a letter to War Secretary Henry Stimson and Navy Secretary James Forrestal proposing that they create a jointly managed secretariat to plan the occupations and achieve full integration of U.S. foreign policy. The secretariat was headed by Roosevelt favorite, Assistant Secretary of War John J. McCloy. SWNCC's plans for the occupation of Europe and Japan were aimed at anticipating and addressing the issues that might confront U.S. forces tasked with occupying and running former enemy states. SWNCC brought together the top experts in the U.S. government and the academy to work on all aspects of the plan.", "James May's 20th Century James May's 20th Century is a television series first aired on 10 July 2007 on the British terrestrial channel BBC Two. The series is a co-production by the BBC and the Open University. The series covers various inventions and discoveries over the past century with some reference to discoveries made before the past century. The show features the eponymous James May, exhibiting and discussing the implications of many of the major advances and inventions made during this period. Each episode features some theme, which was discussed in depth during the show, often following sequential advances in chronological order. The programme is now shown on Eden, Yesterday and Dave. The theme tune is called \"The Long Boot\", by Jeff Knowler. Sam Wollaston writing for Guardian Unlimited described James May's 20th Century as \"essentially Top Gear, masquerading as something educational\" but conceded that if \"teaching history can be achieved through Top Gear, then maybe that's not such a bad thing\". The New Statesman thought that James May was \"ill-suited to the task in hand\" and described the biggest problem as May being unable to \"put his wretched motors behind him\". The Lancashire Telegraph wrote positively of the show praising the presenter May as \"someone with genuine enthusiasm for what they were doing.\" The 6 episodes were originally aired in 3 double-bills on BBC Two in a Tuesday 8pm to 9pm timeslot. Episodes 1 & 2 both attracted 2.4 million viewers and a 12% share. Episodes 5 & 6 received slightly less with 1.9 million and 2.3 million viewers, and respective shares of 10% and 12%. The programme finished behind BBC One and ITV but ahead of Channel 4 and Five. Original air dates:", "Further, the level of informality typical to Facebook can also aid students in self-expression and encourage more frequent student-and-instructor and student-and-student communication. At the same time, Towner and Munoz note that this informality may actually drive many educators and students away from using Facebook for educational purposes. From a course management perspective, Facebook may be less efficient as a replacement for more conventional course management systems, both because of its limitations with regards to uploading assignments and due to some students' (and educators') resistance to its use in education. Specifically, there are features of student-to-student collaboration that may be conducted more efficiently on dedicated course management systems, such as the organization of posts in a nested and linked format. That said, a number of studies suggest that students post to discussion forums more frequently and are generally more active discussants on Facebook posts versus conventional course management systems like WebCT or Blackboard (Chu and Meulemans, 2008; Salaway, et al., 2008; Schroeder and Greenbowe, 2009). Further, familiarity and comfortability with Facebook is often divided by socio-economic class, with students whose parents obtained a college degree, or at least having attended college for some span of time, being more likely to already be active users. Instructors ought to seriously consider and respect these hesitancies, and refrain from \"forcing\" Facebook on their students for academic purposes. Instructors also ought to consider that rendering Facebook optional, but continuing to provide content through it to students who elect to use it, places an unfair burden on hesitant students, who then are forced to choose between using a technology they are uncomfortable with and participating fully in the course."], "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course,", "answer_start": 1425}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the show ?", "answer": {"text": "In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he take the toy to its limits, does he play with them?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How else does he put the toys to the test ?", "answer": {"text": "attempt at the world's longest working model railway", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he test any other toys in unique ways ?", "answer": {"text": "May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1289, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#6", "question": "Did he put any other toys to the test ?", "rewrite": "Along with completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, did James May put any other toys to the test ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["2010 Isle of Man TT The 2010 Isle of Man TT Festival was held between Saturday 29 May and Friday 11 June on the 37.73-mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. The 2010 races again included a second 600 cc Supersport Junior TT race. The Lightweight TT and Ultra-Lightweight TT race class previously held on the Billown Circuit in the Isle of Man for the 2008 Isle of Man TT and 2009 Isle of Man TT were dropped from the 2010 race schedule. The 2010 Isle of Man TT Races included the one-lap TT Zero for racing motorcycles \"to be powered without the use of carbon based fuels and have zero toxic/noxious emissions.\" which replaced the TTXGP and also a Suzuki 50th Anniversary Lap of Honour and the TT Classic Parade which were held before the main Senior TT race. The Blue Riband event of the 2010 TT Race week the Senior TT run over a reduced race distance after the race was red-flagged on lap 3 after an incident at Ballagarey on the TT Course involving Guy Martin and caused a number of protective hay-bails to be set alight. The 2010 Isle of Man TT Races provided a clean-sweep of the solo motorcycle classes for Ian Hutchinson winning five Isle of Man TT races in a week, including the Senior TT race, the Superport and Superstock TT races, the six lap Superbike TT race and also winning the prestigious Joey Dunlop 2010 Isle of Man TT Championship. The previous record for four race wins in a week completed during the 1996 Isle of Man TT was held by Phillip McCallen. During the 2010 Isle of Man TT Races, Ian Hutchinson also completed a Junior/Senior double win and completed two Isle of Man TT race wins in one day, winning the Supersport TT Race 1 and the Superstock TT races for the second consecutive year.", "The course was modified again in 1908 as the 37.50 Mile Four Inch Course for the RAC Tourist Trophy car races held in the Isle of Man between 1908 and 1922. In 1911 the Four Inch Course was first used by the Auto-Cycling Union for the Isle of Man TT motorcycle races. This included the Keppel Gate section and the course later became known as the 37.73 mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course for motor-cycle racing which has been used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT and from 1923 for the \"Mountain Course\" for the Manx Grand Prix races. The Auto-Cycle Union proposed in 1921 to move the Isle of Man TT Races to the Continental Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium. After an offer made by the Belgium Government the move was considered by the Auto-Cycle Union due to financial reasons, organisational problems and criticism of the Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. In response to the problems with the Isle of Man TT Course highlighted by the Auto-Cycle Union, the Isle of Man Highway Board redeveloped large sections of A18 Snaefell Mountain Road. This included the often criticised very narrow section of road from the Windy Corner to Keppel Gate. The old stone mountain track from near Slieau Lhoost Quarry adjacent to Windy Corner across the mountainside to Keppel Gate was subjected to substantial redevelopment and landscaping during the period 1921-23 including the removal of the old Keppel Gate corner for the 1922 Isle of Man TT Races. The section of A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from the \"Thirty-Third Corner\" to near Keppel Gate was widened and road-side fence post relocated below road level for the 1947 Isle of Man TT Races after a fatal accident to Peter M. Aitchison a competitor during the 1946 Senior Manx Grand Prix.", "2013 Isle of Man TT The 2013 Isle of Man TT Races were held between the Saturday 25 May and Friday 7 June 2013 on the 37.73-mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course in the Isle of Man. The event celebrated the 90th anniversary of the first Sidecar TT with a special parade lap for racing sidecar outfits. The 2013 Isle of Man TT Festival also included the Pre-TT Classic Races on 24, 25 & 27 May 2013 and the Post-TT Races on 8 June 2013 and both events held on the Billown Circuit. The Blue Riband event of race meeting the Senior TT race was won by John McGuinness and raising his tally of victories to 20 Isle of Man TT wins and also breaking the outright course record in the Superbike TT with a lap at an average speed of 131.671. The event was dominated by Michael Dunlop winning the Superbike TT race, Supersport TT Races 1 & 2, the Superstock TT and the Joey Dunlop TT Championship with 120 points from John McGuinness and Bruce Anstey in third place. The Sidecar TT race produced a maiden Isle of Man TT wins for the two former Sidecar World Champions with Tim Reeves / Dan Sayle winning Sidecar TT Race 1 and Ben Birchall / Tim Birchall winning Sidecar TT Race 2. The Lightweight TT for 650cc twin-cylinder motor-cycles produced another maiden win for James Hillier and Michael Rutter scored a hattrick or wins in the TT Zero class for electric powered motor-cycles after winning for the third consecutive year. The Senior TT race was red-flagged on the first lap after Isle of Man TT newcomer Jonathan Howarth crashed at the bottom of Bray Hill and 10 spectators were injured in the incident. The first part of practice week was dominated by inclement weather with Monday and the Wednesday evening practice run as untimed sessions.", "Isle of Man TT Mountain Course The Isle of Man TT Mountain Course or \"TT Course\" is a motor-cycle road- racing circuit located in the Isle of Man. The motor-cycle \"TT Course\" is used principally for the Isle of Man TT Races and also the separate event of the Isle of Man Festival of Motorcycling for the Manx Grand Prix and Classic TT Races held in September of each year. The start-line for the Isle of Man TT Mountain Course is located on Glencrutchery Road in the town of Douglas, Isle of Man. The clockwise course has a lap of , from the startline at the TT Grandstand on Glencrutchery Road (A2 Ramsey to Douglas) in the island's main town of Douglas. After negotiating urban streets, the racing circuit turns right to leave Douglas at Quarter Bridge, then proceeds along the A1 Douglas to Peel road through the villages of Braddan, Union Mills, Glen Vine, Crosby, and Greeba. The course then turns right at Ballacraine on to the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road, firstly through countryside glens followed by agricultural land interspersed by the villages of Kirk Michael, Ballaugh and Sulby, finally intersecting with the A18 Snaefell mountain road after negotiating urban streets in the town of Ramsey. The A18 then takes the course back to Douglas through the highest point, situated after the Bungalow at Hailwood's Height near the 31st Milestone and the UK Ordnance Survey spot height of above sea level. The descent starts through countryside before entering the residential outskirts of Douglas back to the finish line. Motor racing began on the Isle of Man in 1904 with the Gordon Bennett Trial and originally was restricted to touring cars.", "List of Isle of Man TT Mountain Course fatalities This list is of fatal accidents on the Mountain Course used in the Isle of Man TT races, Manx Grand Prix and Classic TT races. The TT Course was first used as a road-racing circuit for the 1908 Tourist Trophy event for racing automobiles, then-known as the Four Inch Course. For the 1911 Isle of Man TT race motor-cycle races the event was moved from the St. John's Short Course to the 'Four Inch Course' by the UK Auto-Cycle Club and subsequently became known as the Snaefell Mountain Course or 'TT Course' when used for motor-cycle racing. Victor Surridge was the first fatality on the Snaefell Mountain Course, after an accident at Glen Helen during practice for the 1911 Isle of Man TT races. This was possibly the first death in the Isle of Man of a person in a motor-cycle or road vehicle accident. The deadliest year for the Snaefell Mountain Course was 2005, when 11 people in total died during the two main racing events there. Four people (three riders and one marshal) died during that year's Isle of Man TT race period in June, and six riders and one bystander next to the course died during the Manx Grand Prix in August/September. The deadliest year for the Isle of Man TT race period was 1970, when six people died during the event."], "answer": {"text": "James and his team built a huge toy glider", "answer_start": 1175}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the show ?", "answer": {"text": "In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he take the toy to its limits, does he play with them?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How else does he put the toys to the test ?", "answer": {"text": "attempt at the world's longest working model railway", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he test any other toys in unique ways ?", "answer": {"text": "May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he actually drive the motorcycle ?", "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course,", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e64f37defd5142bca5c1a522a175969e_0_q#7", "question": "Did he or another human try out the glider ?", "rewrite": "Besides builtba huge toy glider, did James May or another human try out the glider ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day. The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby. In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process. In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey. Plans for Legoland to move it to their theme park fell through in September 2009 because costs to deconstruct, move and then rebuild were too high and despite a final Facebook appeal for someone to take it, it was demolished on 22 September, with the plastic bricks planned to be donated to charity. Also for the series, he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail between Barnstaple and Bideford in North Devon, although the attempt was foiled due to parts of the track being stolen and vandals placing coins on the track, causing a short circuit. In December 2012 aired a special Christmas Episode called Flight Club, where James and his team built a huge toy glider that flew 22 miles (35 km) from Devon to the island of Lundy. In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano. Joined by Oz Clark, he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "Glider Badge The Glider Badge was a qualification badge of the United States Army. According to the U.S. Army Institute of Heraldry, the badge was awarded to personnel who had \"been assigned or attached to a glider or airborne unit or to the Airborne Department of the Infantry School; satisfactorily completed a course of instruction, or participated in at least one combat glider mission into enemy-held territory. The badge was authorized on 22 July 1944 A cloth circle with a glider similar to the parachute cap insignia was worn on the overseas cap. Following the close of the Second World War, the Glider Badge was authorized to any service member who had completed glider unit training at the Airborne School. Glider-borne soldiers wore a wing trimming (a.k.a. oval) behind their Glider Badges to signify assignment to glider units. The color pattern of the trimming varied depending upon the unit. (Note: During World War II the term \"Airborne\" included parachute, glider, and air-landing units. With the elimination of glider and air-landing units from the force structure in the post-war years, Airborne became synonymous with parachute units only.) In the post-World War II years, the US Army converted its remaining glider units to parachute. For example, the 325th Glider Infantry Regiment of the 82d Airborne Division was reorganized and redesignated on 15 December 1947 as the 325th Infantry Regiment (no longer glider infantry), and then reorganized and redesignated again on 15 December 1948 as the 325th Airborne Infantry. Likewise, the 319th Glider Field Artillery Battalion, also part of the 82d Airborne Division, was reorganized and redesignated on 15 December 1947 as the 319th Field Artillery Battalion, and then reorganized and redesignated on 15 December 1948 as the 319th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion.", "European Junior Gliding Championships in Falk\u00f6ping (Sweden), 1991 2nd European Junior Gliding Championships in La Roche-sur-Yon (France), 1993 3rd European Junior Gliding Championships in Leszno (Poland), 1995 4th European Junior Gliding Championships in Musbach (Germany), 1997 Later contest have been held as Junior World Gliding Championships. European Glider Aerobatic Championships are held every two years, so that they alternate with World Glider Aerobatic Championships which are held every two years since 1985. These contests are flown in the unlimited category, only. In 2006, the first European Advanced Glider Aerobatic Championships was held in Bad Frankenhausen in conjunction with the German Glider Championships in the unlimited and advanced category. The second European Advanced Glider Aerobatic Championships were held in conjunction with the 2008 German Glider Aerobatic Championships in Rothenburg-G\u00f6rlitz (26 July 2008 \u2013 3 August 2008). 1st European Glider Aerobatic Championships 2nd European Glider Aerobatic Championships, Rieti (Italy) 1994 3rd FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships, P\u00e9r (Hungary), 27 June 1996 \u2013 6 July 1996 4th FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships, Ostr\u00f3w Wielkopolski (Poland), 19 July 1998 \u2013 2 August 1998 5th FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships Salon de Provence (France), 7 August 2000 \u2013 20 August 2000 6th FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships, Pasewalk (Germany) \u2013 16 July 2002 \u2013 26 July 2002 7th FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships, Moravska Trebova (Czech Republic), 6 July 2004 \u2013 18 July 2004 8th FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships, Rybnik (Poland), 19 July 2006 \u2013 29 July 2006 9th FAI European Glider Aerobatic Championships, Radom (Poland), 7 July 2008 \u2013 17 July 2008", "It is therefore necessary to design interconnected ion traps that are capable of transferring information from one trap to another. Ions can be separated from the same interaction region to individual storage regions and brought back together without losing the quantum information stored in their internal states. Ions can also be made to turn corners at a \"T\" junction, allowing a two dimensional trap array design. Semiconductor fabrication techniques have also been employed to manufacture the new generation of traps, making the 'ion trap on a chip' a reality. Such as trap, the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD), has been designed by Kielpinski, Monroe, and Wineland. QCCD's resemble mazes of electrodes with designated areas for storing and manipulating qubits. The variable electric potential created by the electrodes can both trap ions in specific regions and move them through the transport channels, which negates the necessity of containing all ions in a single trap. Ions in the QCCD's memory region are isolated from any operations and therefore the information contained in their states is kept for later use. Gates, including those that entangle two ion states, are applied to qubits in the interaction region by the method already described in this article. When an ion is being transported between regions in an interconnected trap and is subjected to a nonuniform magnetic field, decoherence can occur in the form of the equation below (see Zeeman effect). This is effectively changes the relative phase of the quantum state. The up and down arrows correspond to a general superposition qubit state, in this case the ground and excited states of the ion. formula_15 Additional relative phases could arise from physical movements of the trap or the presence of unintended electric fields."], "answer": {"text": "flew 22 miles (35 km) from Devon to the island of Lundy.", "answer_start": 1223}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are James May's Toy stories ?", "answer": {"text": "a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened in the show ?", "answer": {"text": "In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process.", "answer_start": 231, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How does he take the toy to its limits, does he play with them?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How else does he put the toys to the test ?", "answer": {"text": "attempt at the world's longest working model railway", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he test any other toys in unique ways ?", "answer": {"text": "May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he actually drive the motorcycle ?", "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course,", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he put any other toys to the test ?", "answer": {"text": "James and his team built a huge toy glider", "answer_start": 1175, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f41a6425a2c4a668e2281dbe572efe2_0_q#0", "question": "What was the shadow (1994)", "rewrite": "What was the shadow (1994)", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shadow Cabinet of Neil Kinnock Neil Kinnock was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 2 October 1983 to 18 July 1992. He convincingly defeated Roy Hattersley, Eric Heffer, and Peter Shore in the 1983 leadership election, which was prompted by Michael Foot's resignation following the disastrous general election result earlier that year. Kinnock's period as Leader encompassed the bulk of the Thatcher years and the first two years of Major premiership. Kinnock resigned in 1992 after losing his second election as Leader. Kinnock announced his first Shadow Cabinet on 31 October 1983. On 26 October 1984, Kinnock reshuffled his team in the wake of the 1984 Shadow Cabinet elections. Peter Shore remained Shadow Leader of the House, but Trade and Industry was transferred to John Smith, who was replaced as Shadow Employment Secretary by John Prescott. Gwyneth Dunwoody took over as Shadow Transport Secretary, having previously sat in the Shadow Cabinet without portfolio. Denzil Davies replaced Silkin as Shadow Defence Secretary Eric Heffer's was dropped from the Shadow Cabinet, as, it appears, his portfolio was as well. Brynmor John replaced Hughes as Shadow Agriculture Minister. Kinnock reshuffled his Shadow Cabinet on 13 July 1987 in the aftermath of the general election loss. Denis Healey retired from the front bench and was replaced as Shadow Foreign Secretary by Kaufman, who was in turn replaced by Hattersley as Shadow Home Secretary. John Smith replaced the latter Shadow Chancellor. Bryan Gould replaced Smith as Shadow Trade and Industry Secretary, Alan Williams replaced Barry Jones as Shadow Welsh Secretary, and Kevin McNamara replaced Archer as Shadow Northern Ireland Secretary. Robin Cook replaced Meacher as Shadow Health Secretary, and Meacher took over Employment from Prescott, who in turn took the Energy portfolio, with Orme leaving Shadow Cabinet.", "Eladwen Frostmire (Human Mage), Aramia (Human Mage), Loest, Savior of Layar (Human Mage), Victor Heartstriker (Human Hunter), Gwenneth Truesight (Human Hunter), Ythan Redthorn (Human Hunter), Lance Shadowstalker (Human Rogue), Serena Thoughtripper (Human Rogue), Garth Ravensoul (Human Rogue), Zhanna Mist (Human Priest), Jericho Spellbane (Human Priest), Threbin the Righteous (Human Priest) Current Shadow Faction Heroes: Ter Adun (Shadow Warrior), Logan Stonebreaker (Shadow Warrior), Vess Swifthands (Shadow Warrior), Rothem, King of Layar (Shadow Warrior), Gravebone (Shadow Mage), Majiya (Shadow Mage), Raikka Spellseeker (Shadow Mage), Banebow (Shadow Hunter), Baduruu (Shadow Hunter), Skervox (Shadow Hunter), Zaladar (Shadow Elemental), Elementalis (Shadow Elemental), Praxix (Shadow Elemental), Darkclaw (Shadow Wulven), Moonstalker (Shadow Wulven), Bloodfang (Shadow Wulven) Guilds are a growing and constantly evolving part of Shadow Era. Popular apps on the iOS App Store and the Android Google Play Store are used for communication between members, including Telegram and QQ. Guilds in Shadow Era are free to create, and tend to congregate on their chosen communications app. The guilds in Shadow Era are simply groups of players who wish to excel in the game and formed cooperative and competitive teams to do so. You will see guild members in-game marked by their guild tag in front of their player names. (Example: SD Vexmaw)", "Shadow Cabinet of Tony Blair Tony Blair, as Leader of the Labour Party, was Leader of the Opposition in the United Kingdom from his election as Leader on 21 July 1994 until he became Prime Minister on 2 May 1997. He announced his first Shadow Cabinet on 20 October 1994. On 20 October 1994, following the 1994 Shadow Cabinet elections, Blair announced his first Shadow Cabinet. Blair made a number of significant changes to the Shadow Cabinet on 19 October 1995, following the 1995 Shadow Cabinet elections. Foster, who had been elected to the post, acceded to Blair's request that he step aside as Chief Whip; he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Minister responsible for the Citizen's Charter, taking the latter from Taylor, who remained Shadow Leader of the House. Dewar was appointed Chief Whip under a new rule that made the job appointive and added on additional elective seat in the Shadow Cabinet. Chris Smith replaced Dewar at Social Security, and was replaced as Shadow National Heritage Secretary by Cunningham. Responsibility for the Information Superhighway was transferred from Shadow National Heritage Secretary to a junior Shadow Trade and Industry minister (Geoff Hoon). Cunningham was in turn replaced at the Trade and Industry brief by Beckett. Harman took over the Health portfolio Beckett had held. Blunkett added Harman's Employment portfolio to his own to reflect the created of the Department for Education and Employment. Michael Meacher, while remaining in the Shadow Cabinet, became Blunkett's deputy as Shadow Minister for Employment, leaving the Transport brief to Clare Short, newly elected to the Shadow Cabinet. Another newcomer, Tom Clarke, was appointed to the new post of Shadow Minister for Disabled People's Rights.", "He was replaced by new Shadow Minister of State for Small Business, Chuka Umunna. Harman and Lewis swapped substantive portfolios (International Development to Lewis and Culture to Harman). Trickett took primary responsibility for shadowing the Cabinet Office from Jowell. The latter retained her position in the Shadow Cabinet as well as her roles as Shadow Minister for London and for the Olympics. Woodward (Northern Ireland) and McKechin (Scotland) were both left out of the Shadow Cabinet, being replaced by newcomers: Vernon Coaker and Margaret Curran, respectively. Hillier left the Shadow Cabinet, and was replaced at the Energy portfolio by Flint. She was in turn replaced at Communities and Local Government by Benn, whose role as Shadow Leader of the House went to Angela Eagle. She was replaced as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Rachel Reeves, who was new to the Shadow Cabinet. Hain retained his responsibilities and was named Chair of the National Policy Forum. Byrne likewise retained his portfolio and added \"Policy Review Co-ordinator\", reflecting work he had already taken on. Additionally, Emily Thornberry replaced Patricia Scotland as Shadow Attorney General, with the right to attend Shadow Cabinet, but not full membership. Three others obtained the right to attend Shadow Cabinet: Stewart Lord Wood of Anfield retained his role as a Shadow Minister without Portfolio on the Shadow Cabinet Office team (i.e., the Opposition equivalent of the Cabinet Office). Michael Dugher also became a Shadow Minister without Portfolio with the right to attend Shadow Cabinet meetings. Liz Kendall was appointed Shadow Minister for Care and Older People with the right to attend Shadow Cabinet. Finally, the Shadow Cabinet list announced on the day of the reshuffle did not note Khan, the Shadow Justice Secretary, as having \"responsibility for political and constitutional reform\" as it previously had.", "Shadow Cabinet of John Smith John Smith was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Official Opposition from 18 July 1992 until his death on 12 May 1994. Smith became leader upon succeeding Neil Kinnock, who had resigned following the 1992 general election\u2014for the fourth successive time, the Conservatives had won and Labour lost. Prior to being Leader of the Opposition, Smith had been a member of the Government of James Callaghan as President of the Board of Trade (1978\u20131979), and served under his predecessor Neil Kinnock's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (1987\u20131992). Smith's tenure as Leader of the Opposition saw the Government's policies of the implementation of the Citizen's Charter, progress in the Northern Ireland peace negotiations, and the creation and centralisation of the European Union. Smith died suddenly on 12 May 1994, and was replaced as Acting Leader by Margaret Beckett, who served until 21 July 1994. On 24 July 1992, John Smith announced the following Shadow Cabinet:   Smith reshuffled the Shadow Cabinet on 21 October 1993, following the 1993 Shadow Cabinet elections. Clwyd left the Shadow Cabinet. Mowlam replaced her as Shadow National Heritage Secretary, with Clare Short (who also lost in the Shadow Cabinet elections) replacing her as Shadow Minister for the Status of Women. Meacher replaced Mowlam as Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Minister for the Citizen's Charter. He was in turn replaced by Clarke at the Overseas Development portfolio, and Clarke was replaced as Scottish Spokesperson by new Shadow Cabinet minister George Robertson. Clwyd was replaced as Shadow Welsh Secretary by Davies, who was replaced at Agriculture by Gavin Strang. Prescott and Dobson exchanged portfolios (receiving Employment and Transport, respectively), with Dobson also taking London from Chris Smith. Blunkett became Chair of the Labour Party while retaining the Health portfolio."], "answer": {"text": "The Shadow pulp novels and comic books with the aforementioned ability to cloud minds described only on the radio show.", "answer_start": 581}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4f41a6425a2c4a668e2281dbe572efe2_0_q#1", "question": "What other abilities?", "rewrite": "In addition to the ability to cloud minds what other abilities?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She is a Daughter of both Selene and Hekate resulting in her being a goddess of the moon and a goddess of the dark. She lives with her brother, Collin Killingsworth. Her best friend is Jimena, a fellow goddess. She stars in Into the Cold Fire (Book #2), and Possession (Book #8). She is the only Daughter to have the choice to become a goddess of the dark because she is the key to the balance of good or evil. She has the ability to read and cloud minds, powers similar to the Atrox's. She also has the ability to open and close portals. Serena continues to pursue an on and off relationship with Stanton, a Follower of the Atrox who later becomes the Prince of Night. Stanton is constantly worried because being with Serena can get them both killed by the Regulators. In the end, after she helps to defeat the Atrox, Serena has to make the choice of losing her memories of what she is and her powers, becoming a guardian spirit, or becoming the goddess of the dark. Stanton asks Serena to rule by his side and become the goddess of the dark and she accepts his offer. She stays in Nefandus with Stanton to make it a world of light. Daughter of the Moon and former member of an LA gang. She is Mexican and holds the power of premonition, seeing into the future. She lives with her grandmother in an apartment. Jimena used to be an incredibly tough hood rat with a gang from her neighborhood, Ninth Street, or el Nueve, until she learned of her destiny. Her old gang name Risky is tattooed on her hip. She was sentenced to Youth Camp twice, and has two tear mark tattoos, one for each time. She also has a three dots on the webbing of her thumb from when she joined her gang.", "Raso da Catarina The Raso da Catarina is an ecoregion in the \"caatinga\" biome of Bahia and Pernambuco, Brazil. It is a sandstone plateau, much eroded, that is extremely dry for most of the year. Vegetation includes low bushes, often thorny, cacti and bromeliads. The core of the Raso da Caterina roughly corresponds to a rectangle bounded by the S\u00e3o Francisco River to the north, BR-110 to the east, Vaza-Barris River to the south and BR-116 to the west. It contains the communities of Cocorob\u00f3 in the southwest and Paulo Afonso in the northeast, and holds the Serra Branca in the south. It has an area of about , and covers parts of the municipalities of Paulo Afonso, Jeremoabo, Canudos and Macurur\u00e9. The core Raso da Caterina is a sandstone plateau that dates back to the Cretaceous. The landscape has many canyons and rocks carved by erosion into huge obelisks. In a broader sense the Raso da Catarina Ecoregion comprises portions of the states of Pernambuco and Bahia in a long and narrow north-south strip in the central-eastern part of the biome. It covers defined by the natural geomorphological limits of the Tucano-Jatoba sedimentary basin. It has deep soils, excessively drained, acidic and very low fertility. In Bahia it includes parts of the municipalities of Canudos, C\u00edcero Dantas, Chorroch\u00f3, Euclides da Cunha, Gl\u00f3ria, Jeremoabo, Macurur\u00e9, Paulo Afonso, Ribeira do Pombal, Rodelas, Santa Br\u00edgida and Uau\u00e1.", "Mid Severn Sandstone Plateau The Mid Severn Sandstone Plateau is a rural landscape and one of the natural regions of central England, straddling the border between the counties of Shropshire and Staffordshire. It stretches from the western fringes of the Birmingham conurbation to Telford in the north and Kidderminster in the south. The major feature of the plateau is the valley of the River Severn, which cuts through it from north to south. It consists of Permian and Triassic-age New Red Sandstone getting older as one goes west until one reaches Silurian and Carboniferous-age siltstones and coals west of the river. The plateau is listed as National Character Area 66 by Natural England, the UK Government's advisor on the natural environment. The NCA covers an area of and measures around 25 kilometres from west to east and 50 kilometres from north to south. To the west and southwest, the land ascends from the Severn Valley to the Shropshire Hills and Herefordshire Plateau. To the east it rises from the Stour Valley into the Black Country and Arden. In the south, the rolling terrain gradually descends into the Severn and Avon Vales, while, in the north, it transitions to the clays of the Shropshire and Staffordshire Plain. There is a national nature reserve, the Wye Forest NNR, within the region, as well as a small portion (13 ha) of the Shropshire Hills AONB. Its major watercourses are the rivers Severn, Stour and Worfe. The average elevation is 97 metres; the plateau reaching its highest point at .", "Focusing his mind's psychokinetic power, The Shadow flips a flying piece of jagged mirror in mid-air and then hurls it directly at a spot on Khan's forehead; this does not kill him, it renders him unconscious. To save both the warlord and the world, The Shadow secretly arranges with one of his agents, an administrative doctor at an unidentified New York asylum for the criminally insane, to have Khan locked away permanently in a padded cell; Khan's badly-injured frontal lobe, which controlled his psychic powers, having been surgically removed. The film combines elements from The Shadow pulp novels and comic books with the aforementioned ability to cloud minds described only on the radio show. In the film Alec Baldwin, as The Shadow, wears a red-lined black cloak and a long red scarf that covers his mouth and chin; he also wears a black, double-breasted trench coat and a wide-brimmed, black slouch hat; as in the pulp novels, he is armed with a pair of Browning .45-caliber semi-automatic pistols that for the film have longer barrels, are nickel-plated, and have ivory handles. The film also displays a first: Cranston's ability to conjure a false face whenever he is in his guise as The Shadow, in keeping with his physical portrayal in the pulps and the comics. The film was financially and critically unsuccessful.", "Greater Blue Mountains Area The Greater Blue Mountains Area is a World Heritage Site in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia. The area was inscribed on the World Heritage List at the 24th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Cairns in 2000. This area is one of rugged tablelands, sheer cliffs, deep, inaccessible valleys and rivers and lakes teeming with life. The rare plants and animals that live in this natural place relate an extraordinary story of Australia's antiquity, its diversity of life. This is the story of the evolution of Australia's unique eucalypt vegetation and its associated communities, plants and animals. The Greater Blue Mountains Area consists of of mostly forested landscape on a sandstone plateau inland from the Sydney central business district. The area includes vast expanses of wilderness and is equivalent in area to almost one third of Belgium, or twice the size of Brunei. The area is called \"Blue Mountains\" based on the fact that when atmospheric temperature rise, the essential oil of various eucalyptus species evaporates and disperse in the air, then visible blue spectrum of sunlight propagates more than other colours. Therefore, the reflected landscape from mountains seems bluish by human eyes. The property, which includes eight protected areas in two blocks separated by a transportation and urban development corridor, is made up of seven outstanding national parks as well as the famous Jenolan Caves Karst Conservation Reserve. These are the Blue Mountains National Park, Wollemi National Park, Yengo National Park, Nattai National Park, Kanangra-Boyd National Park, Gardens of Stone National Park and Thirlmere Lakes National Park. The area does not contain mountains in the conventional sense but is described as a deeply incised sandstone plateau rising from less than above sea level to at the highest point. There are basalt outcrops on the higher ridges."], "answer": {"text": "The Shadow, imposes his will on, and defeats, Khan during a psychokinetically enhanced battle in a mirrored room,", "answer_start": 1300}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the shadow (1994)", "answer": {"text": "The Shadow pulp novels and comic books with the aforementioned ability to cloud minds described only on the radio show.", "answer_start": 581, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f41a6425a2c4a668e2281dbe572efe2_0_q#2", "question": "'''who was khan", "rewrite": "'''who was khan defeated by The Shadow", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 14 November 1693, Mughal General Himmat Khan beat back Santaji near Vikramhalli in Karnataka. Soon thereafter, Santaji regrouped his troops and reengaged Himmat Khan again on 21 November 1693 and avenged his earlier defeat. In July 1695, Santaji trapped the Mughal army camping near Khatav and harassed it with lightning strikes. Italian visitor to the Mughal court, Minnucci, has listed details of the lightning-fast and devastating Maratha attacks on the Mughal camps. High level of tension, stress and apprehension among the troops and camp followers, about the ever-present Maratha threat were recorded. On 20 November 1695, Kasim Khan, Aurangzeb's powerful General in Karnataka, was attacked, defeated and killed by Santaji at Doderi near Chitradurga. In December 1695, Dhanaji was defeated in a battle near Vellore by Zulfiquar Khan. On 20 January 1696 near Baswapattan, Santaji attacked, defeated and personally killed the Mughal General Himmat Khan. On 26 February 1696, Mughal General Hamid-uddin Khan defeated Santaji in a brief tussle. In April 1696, Santaji was also defeated by Zulfikhar Khan at Arani in Karnataka. In 1693, after lengthy negotiations with Rajaram, Zulfiquar Khan was granted a safe passage out which Santaji did not approve. Santaji had bravely defeated and captured Zuliquar Khan. It is a widely known fact that Zulfiquar Khan delibrately delayed the capture of Jingee going along with his father Asad Khan's plan to carve a territory for himself, similar to, now defunct, Adilshah and Qutubshah states in the South.", "During his early age, Farid was given a village in Fargana, Delhi (comprising present day districts of Bhojpur, Buxar, Bhabhua of Bihar) by Omar Khan Sarwani, the counselor and courtier of Bahlul Khan Lodi. Farid Khan and his father, a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar, who had several wives, did not get along for a while so he decided to run away from home. When his father discovered that he fled to serve Jamal Khan, the governor of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, he wrote Jamal Khan a letter that stated: Jamal Khan had advised Farid to return home but he refused. Farid replied in a letter: Farid Khan started his service under Bahar Khan Lohani, the Mughal Governor of Bihar. Because of his valour, Bahar Khan rewarded him the title \"Sher Khan\" (\"Lion Lord\"). After the death of Bahar Khan, Sher Khan became the regent ruler of the minor Sultan, Jalal Khan. Later sensing the growth of Sher Shah's power in Bihar, Jalal sought the assistance of Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah, the independent Sultan of Bengal. Ghiyasuddin sent an army under General Ibrahim Khan. But, Sher Khan defeated the force at the battle of Surajgarh in 1534 after forming an alliance with Ujjainiya Rajputs and other local chiefdoms. Thus he achieved complete control of Bihar. In 1538, Sher Khan attacked Bengal and defeated Mahmud Shah. But he could not capture the kingdom because of the sudden expedition of Emperor Humayun. On 26 June 1539, Sher Khan faced Humayun in the Battle of Chausa and defeated him.", "Rejoicing in his victory, he sent his brother Jafar Qoli Khan to conquer the northern part of Persian Iraq. He defeated a Zand army in Ray (or Karaj), and thereafter seized Qazvin. He then marched to Zanjan, which he also seized. In 1783, Agha Mohammad Khan besieged Tehran, a town under Zand control which had proved troublesome. During the siege, plague started spreading in the town, and thereafter to Agha Mohammad Khan's army camp outside the city, which forced him to lift the siege. The next year Ali-Morad Khan, in retaliation for Agha Mohammad Khan's attack on Tehran the previous year, sent a massive army under his son Shaykh Vais Khan to Mazandaran, which made its people quickly surrender. Agha Mohammad Khan and a few of his supporters fled to Astarabad, where he tried to fortify the city as much as possible. Meanwhile, Morteza Qoli changed his allegiance and began serving the Zand dynasty. Ali-Morad Khan then sent an army under his relative Mohammad Zahir Khan to Astarabad, and laid siege to the city. Agha Mohammad Khan had already stocked provisions in case of a siege. Every day his troops would try to lay waste to the countryside to limit the besiegers' provisions. This in the end made the besiegers' situation unsustainable, and allowed Agha Mohammad Khan to leave the city to attack them. Mohammad Zahir Khan fled towards the Karakum Desert, but was captured by Agha Mohammad Khan's Yamut allies. Only a few of his men managed to survive. Meanwhile, Agha Mohammad Khan defeated a Zand garrison near Ashraf and afterward marched towards Sari. By the start of November 1784, Agha Mohammad had expelled the Zand forces from Mazandaran.", "Then the Khan of Quba entered into a friendship alliance with Magomed \u2013 a successor of Tarki shamkhal Murtuzali, and two years later he married his elder brother Ahmad to his daughter Gichi-bike. In that very year, Fatali Khan defeated Nahammad Hasan Khan of Sheki and former ruler of Shamakhi Aghasi Bey. The latter yielded to the winner, but the Khan of Sheki made peace with Fatali Khan. At first, Aghasi Khan was kept in Quba with his sons, but later they were sent to Baku. Besides that, Fatali Khan demanded from Mahammad Hasan Khan of Sheki to givge away his brother Aghasi khan, former Khan of Shamakhi Mahammad Seyid Khan with his two sons, but soon they themselves came to the ruler of Quba and were sent to Salyan. In 1788, Fatali khan ordered to execute khans of Shamakhi with their sons: Aghasi khan with his sons Ahmad bey and Mahammad bey in Baku, Mahammad Seyid Khan with his two sons Mahammad bey and Isgender Bey in Salyan, and also one more son of Mahammad Seyid Khan and his son-in-low Mahammad Rza Bey in Quba. In January, 1787 Fatali Khan defeated opposing him Ibrahimkhalil Khan. Utsmiy of Qaytaq Amir hamza died in that very year. He was inherited by his brother Ustar Khan, who was in friendship relations with the ruler of Quba for a long time. In summer, 1783 Erekle II \u2013 tsar of Kartli-Kakheti signed the treaty of Georgievsk with Russia, according to which Eastern Georgia abjured any form of dependence on Persia and became a protectorate of Russia.", "Khan's cousin Diler Mohammad Khan (or Dalel Khan) had also acquired some territory, establishing the Kurwai State. In 1722, he visited Berasia with a proposal that the two cousins join hands in extending their territory, and their acquisitions of land and property be equally divided. However, Dost Mohammad Khan got his cousin murdered. Dost Mohammad Khan also fought against Diye Bahadur, a Rajput general and Mughal subedar (governor). Diye Bahadur's forces initially defeated Khan's army, which fled from the battlefield. A badly wounded Khan, who had lost one of his brothers in the battle, was taken prisoner. He was well-treated by the Rajputs, and was presented before Diye Bahadur after recuperating from his wounds. Diye Bahadur offered Khan a position in his own forces, but Khan declined, while expressing gratitude for Bahadur's kindness. When asked what he would do if set free, Khan replied that he will wage another battle against Diye Bahadur. Bahadur, impressed by the Khan's bravery, released him. A few months later, Khan defeated Diye Bahadur with his newly raised force. The Sayyid Brothers were two nobles, who had become highly influential in the Mughal Court after the emperor Aurangzeb's death. Aurangzeb's son Bahadur Shah I defeated his brothers to capture the throne with the help of Sayyid Brothers and Nizam-ul-Mulk, another influential administrator in the Mughal court. Bahadur Shah I died in 1712 and his successor Jahandar Shah was assassinated on the orders of the Sayyid Brothers. In 1713, Jahandar's nephew Farrukhsiyar was installed as a puppet king by the Brothers, who conspired to send Nizam-ul-Mulk to the Deccan, away from the Mughal Court."], "answer": {"text": "), the evil Shiwan Khan (John Lone), a descendant of Genghis Khan.", "answer_start": 962}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the shadow (1994)", "answer": {"text": "The Shadow pulp novels and comic books with the aforementioned ability to cloud minds described only on the radio show.", "answer_start": 581, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other abilities?", "answer": {"text": "The Shadow, imposes his will on, and defeats, Khan during a psychokinetically enhanced battle in a mirrored room,", "answer_start": 1300, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f41a6425a2c4a668e2281dbe572efe2_0_q#3", "question": "Why was shadow after him", "rewrite": "Why was shadow after Shiwan Khan, a descendend ot Gengis Khan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1994 the character was adapted once again into a feature film, The Shadow, starring Alec Baldwin as Lamont Cranston and Penelope Ann Miller as Margo Lane. As the film opens, Cranston has become the evil and corrupt Yin-Ko (literally \"Dark Eagle\"), a brutal warlord and opium smuggler in early 1930s Mongolia. Yin-Ko is kidnapped by agents of the mysterious Tulku, who begins to reform the warlord using the psychic power of his evolved mind to restore Cranston's humanity. The Tulku also teaches him the ability to \"cloud men's minds\" using psychic power in order to fight evil in the world. Cranston eventually returns to his native New York City and takes up the guise of the mysterious crime fighter \"The Shadow\", in payment to humanity for his past evil misdeeds: \"Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men? The Shadow knows...\"  His nemesis in the film is adapted from the pulp series' long-running Asian villain (and for the film, a fellow telepath), the evil Shiwan Khan (John Lone), a descendant of Genghis Khan. He seeks to finish his ancestor's legacy of conquering the world by first destroying New York City, using a newly developed atomic bomb, in a show of his power. Khan nearly succeeds in this, but he is thwarted by The Shadow in a final psychic duel of death: Cranston, as The Shadow, imposes his will on, and defeats, Khan during a psychokinetically enhanced battle in a mirrored room, which has exploded into thousands of flying mirror shards.", "The Golden Master The Golden Master (1939) is an American pulp novel featuring The Shadow, written by Walter Gibson under the house name Maxwell Grant. This was the 182nd Shadow story and it was published in \"The Shadow Magazine\" Vol. 31, No. 2 on 15 September 1939. It has the first appearance of the hero's archenemy Shiwan Khan, and deals with a scheme by Khan to conquer the world by hypnotizing arms manufacturers. Shiwan Khan, heir to Genghis Khan, is in the United States to steal military technology in order to build his own army with the intent of conquering the world. He hypnotises Paul Brent of Globe Aircraft through the electronic lights of a nearby billboard. He orders him to create a larger production run of aircraft than originally intended, with the excess being sent on to Shiwan Khan. By similar methods, he also acquired engines and weapons. The Shadow enters the story when Shiwan Khan attempts to dispose of Paul Brent. Working with Brent, The Shadow eventually tracks his opponent to his base of operations and apparently kills him when his escape plane crashes into the river. \"The Golden Master\" was submitted 13 February 1939 and saw print in the pulp magazine \"The Shadow Magazine\" on 15 September of the same year. The story was republished in the hard back book \"The Shadow and the Golden Master\" published in 1984 by Mysterious Press. This book also contained a second Shiwan Khan story, \"Shiwan Khan Returns\". In addition to the standard edition, there was also a signed and numbered limited edition of 250 copies in a slipcover. Shiwan Khan is a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. As a youth, he travelled to Lhasa, Tibet and studied with the monks.", "The Shadow (pinball)  The Shadow is a 1994 pinball game designed by Brian Eddy and released by Midway (under the \"Bally\" label). It is based on the 1994 movie of the same name. This game featured new speech by Penelope Ann Miller (Margo Lane), John Lone (Shiwan Khan), and Tim Curry (Farley Claymore) (reprising their respective roles), as well as speech from the movie. The Shadow's speech for this game was provided by Williams/Midway voice actor, Tim Kitzrow. The game's noted features include player-controlled ball diverters on the left and right ramps, a magnetic ball lock (which freezes the ball and pulls the ball inside the ball lock for Shadow Multiball), and a \"Breakout\"-style upper playfield, called \"The Battlefield\". The goal is to complete the following tasks to engage in a Final Battle with Shiwan Khan, the game's antagonist:", "He recruits some of the people he saves from criminals to act as his agents, providing him with information and specialist knowledge. Cranston's secret identity is endangered upon meeting Margo Lane, a socialite who is also telepathic. Shiwan Khan, the Tulku's rogue prot\u00e9g\u00e9 and a murderer whose powers apparently surpass Cranston's, wakes up inside the sarcophagus that once held his ancestor, the Mongol Empire founder Genghis Khan, retrieved from his unmarked burial site. He uses hypnosis to make a security guard shoot himself in the head after the guard refuses to join Khan's army. Khan plans to fulfill his ancestor's goal of world domination. He offers Cranston an alliance, but Cranston refuses. Cranston acquires a rare coin from Khan and learns that it is made of a metal called \"bronzium\" (an impure form of uranium) that theoretically can generate an atomic explosion. He also learns that Reinhardt, Margo's father, a scientist working on building an atomic device for the Department of War, has disappeared. Cranston deduces that Khan needs Reinhardt and his invention to complete an atomic bomb. Shiwan Khan hypnotizes Margo and commands her to kill the Shadow. She goes to Cranston's home, but after trying to kill him, Cranston breaks Khan's hypnotic hold on her. Because she was ordered to kill the Shadow and instinctively went to Cranston's home, she now realizes that he is the Shadow. After Reinhardt's assistant Farley Claymore allies with Khan, Cranston prepares to rescue Margo's father but is thwarted by Khan's henchmen.", "In an unaired 1954 TV pilot, Paula Raymond played Margo Lane opposite Tom Helmore as The Shadow. On film, Veda Ann Borg matched wits with Victor Jory's Shadow in 1940; Barbara Reed portrayed her three times in the mid-1940s with Kane Richmond; and Penelope Ann Miller was Margo opposite Alec Baldwin in 1994's \"The Shadow\". Margo's introduction to the novels created a storm of controversy reflected in the magazine's letters page. Older fans resented her intrusion, whereas newer readers, perhaps more familiar with the radio show than the pulp novel, accepted her readily. In the DC Comics book series \"The Shadow Strikes!\" , Margot is the daughter of a wealthy Southern land owner and a black prostitute. She is portrayed as one of the Shadow's chief agents. In the 1994 film, \"The Shadow\", Margo (Penelope Ann Miller) has had psychic powers her whole life. Her father, Dr. Reinhardt Lane (Ian McKellen), is a scientist working to develop a new type of power source, using an implosive device to be contained within a beryllium sphere, which the villainous Shiwan Khan (John Lone) tries to turn into a weapon. Lamont Cranston (Alec Baldwin) and Margo first meet at the Cobalt Club, where they find they have an instant attraction. After they go out to dinner together, Lamont realizes that Margo has psychic powers and fears that she may uncover his secret identity as the Shadow if they spend more time together, so he vows never to see her again. However, when Khan begins controlling her father's mind, Margo approaches Lamont and Police Commissioner Wainwright Barth (Jonathan Winters) for help. Khan hypnotizes Margo and orders her to kill the Shadow."], "answer": {"text": "He seeks to finish his ancestor's legacy of conquering the world by first destroying New York City, using a newly developed atomic bomb,", "answer_start": 1029}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the shadow (1994)", "answer": {"text": "The Shadow pulp novels and comic books with the aforementioned ability to cloud minds described only on the radio show.", "answer_start": 581, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other abilities?", "answer": {"text": "The Shadow, imposes his will on, and defeats, Khan during a psychokinetically enhanced battle in a mirrored room,", "answer_start": 1300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "'''who was khan", "answer": {"text": "), the evil Shiwan Khan (John Lone), a descendant of Genghis Khan.", "answer_start": 962, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4f41a6425a2c4a668e2281dbe572efe2_0_q#4", "question": "How does the article end?", "rewrite": "How does the article about The Shadow (1994) end?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Eladwen Frostmire (Human Mage), Aramia (Human Mage), Loest, Savior of Layar (Human Mage), Victor Heartstriker (Human Hunter), Gwenneth Truesight (Human Hunter), Ythan Redthorn (Human Hunter), Lance Shadowstalker (Human Rogue), Serena Thoughtripper (Human Rogue), Garth Ravensoul (Human Rogue), Zhanna Mist (Human Priest), Jericho Spellbane (Human Priest), Threbin the Righteous (Human Priest) Current Shadow Faction Heroes: Ter Adun (Shadow Warrior), Logan Stonebreaker (Shadow Warrior), Vess Swifthands (Shadow Warrior), Rothem, King of Layar (Shadow Warrior), Gravebone (Shadow Mage), Majiya (Shadow Mage), Raikka Spellseeker (Shadow Mage), Banebow (Shadow Hunter), Baduruu (Shadow Hunter), Skervox (Shadow Hunter), Zaladar (Shadow Elemental), Elementalis (Shadow Elemental), Praxix (Shadow Elemental), Darkclaw (Shadow Wulven), Moonstalker (Shadow Wulven), Bloodfang (Shadow Wulven) Guilds are a growing and constantly evolving part of Shadow Era. Popular apps on the iOS App Store and the Android Google Play Store are used for communication between members, including Telegram and QQ. Guilds in Shadow Era are free to create, and tend to congregate on their chosen communications app. The guilds in Shadow Era are simply groups of players who wish to excel in the game and formed cooperative and competitive teams to do so. You will see guild members in-game marked by their guild tag in front of their player names. (Example: SD Vexmaw)", "Shadow Cabinet of Neil Kinnock Neil Kinnock was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 2 October 1983 to 18 July 1992. He convincingly defeated Roy Hattersley, Eric Heffer, and Peter Shore in the 1983 leadership election, which was prompted by Michael Foot's resignation following the disastrous general election result earlier that year. Kinnock's period as Leader encompassed the bulk of the Thatcher years and the first two years of Major premiership. Kinnock resigned in 1992 after losing his second election as Leader. Kinnock announced his first Shadow Cabinet on 31 October 1983. On 26 October 1984, Kinnock reshuffled his team in the wake of the 1984 Shadow Cabinet elections. Peter Shore remained Shadow Leader of the House, but Trade and Industry was transferred to John Smith, who was replaced as Shadow Employment Secretary by John Prescott. Gwyneth Dunwoody took over as Shadow Transport Secretary, having previously sat in the Shadow Cabinet without portfolio. Denzil Davies replaced Silkin as Shadow Defence Secretary Eric Heffer's was dropped from the Shadow Cabinet, as, it appears, his portfolio was as well. Brynmor John replaced Hughes as Shadow Agriculture Minister. Kinnock reshuffled his Shadow Cabinet on 13 July 1987 in the aftermath of the general election loss. Denis Healey retired from the front bench and was replaced as Shadow Foreign Secretary by Kaufman, who was in turn replaced by Hattersley as Shadow Home Secretary. John Smith replaced the latter Shadow Chancellor. Bryan Gould replaced Smith as Shadow Trade and Industry Secretary, Alan Williams replaced Barry Jones as Shadow Welsh Secretary, and Kevin McNamara replaced Archer as Shadow Northern Ireland Secretary. Robin Cook replaced Meacher as Shadow Health Secretary, and Meacher took over Employment from Prescott, who in turn took the Energy portfolio, with Orme leaving Shadow Cabinet.", "Shadow Cabinet of John Smith John Smith was Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Official Opposition from 18 July 1992 until his death on 12 May 1994. Smith became leader upon succeeding Neil Kinnock, who had resigned following the 1992 general election\u2014for the fourth successive time, the Conservatives had won and Labour lost. Prior to being Leader of the Opposition, Smith had been a member of the Government of James Callaghan as President of the Board of Trade (1978\u20131979), and served under his predecessor Neil Kinnock's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (1987\u20131992). Smith's tenure as Leader of the Opposition saw the Government's policies of the implementation of the Citizen's Charter, progress in the Northern Ireland peace negotiations, and the creation and centralisation of the European Union. Smith died suddenly on 12 May 1994, and was replaced as Acting Leader by Margaret Beckett, who served until 21 July 1994. On 24 July 1992, John Smith announced the following Shadow Cabinet:   Smith reshuffled the Shadow Cabinet on 21 October 1993, following the 1993 Shadow Cabinet elections. Clwyd left the Shadow Cabinet. Mowlam replaced her as Shadow National Heritage Secretary, with Clare Short (who also lost in the Shadow Cabinet elections) replacing her as Shadow Minister for the Status of Women. Meacher replaced Mowlam as Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Minister for the Citizen's Charter. He was in turn replaced by Clarke at the Overseas Development portfolio, and Clarke was replaced as Scottish Spokesperson by new Shadow Cabinet minister George Robertson. Clwyd was replaced as Shadow Welsh Secretary by Davies, who was replaced at Agriculture by Gavin Strang. Prescott and Dobson exchanged portfolios (receiving Employment and Transport, respectively), with Dobson also taking London from Chris Smith. Blunkett became Chair of the Labour Party while retaining the Health portfolio.", "Shadow Cabinet of Tony Blair Tony Blair, as Leader of the Labour Party, was Leader of the Opposition in the United Kingdom from his election as Leader on 21 July 1994 until he became Prime Minister on 2 May 1997. He announced his first Shadow Cabinet on 20 October 1994. On 20 October 1994, following the 1994 Shadow Cabinet elections, Blair announced his first Shadow Cabinet. Blair made a number of significant changes to the Shadow Cabinet on 19 October 1995, following the 1995 Shadow Cabinet elections. Foster, who had been elected to the post, acceded to Blair's request that he step aside as Chief Whip; he was appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster and Shadow Minister responsible for the Citizen's Charter, taking the latter from Taylor, who remained Shadow Leader of the House. Dewar was appointed Chief Whip under a new rule that made the job appointive and added on additional elective seat in the Shadow Cabinet. Chris Smith replaced Dewar at Social Security, and was replaced as Shadow National Heritage Secretary by Cunningham. Responsibility for the Information Superhighway was transferred from Shadow National Heritage Secretary to a junior Shadow Trade and Industry minister (Geoff Hoon). Cunningham was in turn replaced at the Trade and Industry brief by Beckett. Harman took over the Health portfolio Beckett had held. Blunkett added Harman's Employment portfolio to his own to reflect the created of the Department for Education and Employment. Michael Meacher, while remaining in the Shadow Cabinet, became Blunkett's deputy as Shadow Minister for Employment, leaving the Transport brief to Clare Short, newly elected to the Shadow Cabinet. Another newcomer, Tom Clarke, was appointed to the new post of Shadow Minister for Disabled People's Rights.", "If shaders are not available, performing the depth map test must usually be implemented by some hardware extension (such as \"GL_ARB_shadow\"), which usually do not allow a choice between two lighting models (lit and shadowed), and necessitate more rendering passes:   The example pictures in this article used the OpenGL extension \"GL_ARB_shadow_ambient\" to accomplish the shadow map process in two passes. One of the key disadvantages of real time shadow mapping is that the size and depth of the shadow map determines the quality of the final shadows. This is usually visible as aliasing or shadow continuity glitches. A simple way to overcome this limitation is to increase the shadow map size, but due to memory, computational or hardware constraints, it is not always possible. Commonly used techniques for real-time shadow mapping have been developed to circumvent this limitation. These include Cascaded Shadow Maps, Trapezoidal Shadow Maps, Light Space Perspective Shadow maps, or Parallel-Split Shadow maps. Also notable is that generated shadows, even if aliasing free, have hard edges, which is not always desirable. In order to emulate real world soft shadows, several solutions have been developed, either by doing several lookups on the shadow map, generating geometry meant to emulate the soft edge or creating non standard depth shadow maps. Notable examples of these are Percentage Closer Filtering, Smoothies, and Variance Shadow maps."], "answer": {"text": "The film was financially and critically unsuccessful.", "answer_start": 1276}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the shadow (1994)", "answer": {"text": "The Shadow pulp novels and comic books with the aforementioned ability to cloud minds described only on the radio show.", "answer_start": 581, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What other abilities?", "answer": {"text": "The Shadow, imposes his will on, and defeats, Khan during a psychokinetically enhanced battle in a mirrored room,", "answer_start": 1300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "'''who was khan", "answer": {"text": "), the evil Shiwan Khan (John Lone), a descendant of Genghis Khan.", "answer_start": 962, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was shadow after him", "answer": {"text": "He seeks to finish his ancestor's legacy of conquering the world by first destroying New York City, using a newly developed atomic bomb,", "answer_start": 1029, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ca2d8e647fb14253bf34f57b5330ba47_0_q#0", "question": "How old was Richard Burton when Richard Burton went on his first exploration?", "rewrite": "How old was Richard Burton when Richard Burton went on his first exploration?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2015/16 Elisabeth worked with Eirwen Hopkins (College of Science Choice Project, Swansea University) on the application stage of the Richard Burton @14 project. Funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund Young Roots Programme, this project enabled students of Neath Port Talbot College to use the Burton diaries and other resources to uncover the social history of the town of Neath Port Talbot, and to see how different \u2013 or not \u2013 the issues facing a young Burton were from those experienced by today's local young people. This project grew out of Sally Burton's expressed desire at the time of deposit of the Richard Burton Collection to see it used to inspire young people by Richard Burton's example. The South Wales Coalfield Collection provides a unique picture of life in the coalfield valleys during the late nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, concentrating on the workers and the organisations they created. It contains records of trade unions, miners' institutes, co-operative societies, and individuals connected with the mining community. Archival material (such as minute books, financial records, correspondence etc.) and photographs are held in the Richard Burton Archives, and published material, is held at the South Wales Miners' Library. Elisabeth was involved in the planning, bid writing and implementation of the following projects:- Between 2008 and 2011, along with colleagues at Swansea University, Elisabeth visited Japan to discuss the preservation and cataloguing work of the South Wales Coalfield Collection, and to tour coalfield and heritage sites on the island of Hokkaido and in the Joban coalfield. The visits were funded by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science and the Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation. Reciprocal visits were made by Japanese researchers for symposia in Swansea and Gregynog.", "Sally Burton Sally Burton (\"n\u00e9e\" Hay), also known as Sally Hay Burton (born 21 January 1948), is an author and theatre producer, and was the fourth wife and widow of actor Richard Burton. She was born in Braintree, Essex, the daughter of journalist Jack Hay. Burton worked as a freelance production assistant on the set of the TV mini-series \"Wagner\" when Richard Burton met her. During a seven-month tour of the United States with No\u00ebl Coward's play \"Private Lives\", in which Elizabeth Taylor was Richard Burton's co-star, Burton and Hay married on 3 July 1983 in Las Vegas; it was Burton's fifth marriage and her first. After the tour, they went to rest in Hawaii for several months before returning to their home in C\u00e9ligny where Burton died on 5 August 1984; Sally Burton was then 36. In 2012 Burton published the diaries of Richard Burton. She said her motivation was to show Burton's \"love for words\". In her review of the book, Barbara Ellen in \"The Guardian\" wrote The suspicion forms that Sally's unspoken motivation was to derail, once and for all, the Liz-Dickie show. To demonstrate that, despite all those tales of Burton's sending secret final love letters to Taylor, in which he wrote of yearning to \"come home\" to her, in truth, he had gone right off her, and, considering what he was writing, near despised her. To my mind, this none-too-subtle attempt to undermine the Burton/Taylor-myth looks a bit vindictive \u2013 especially considering that Taylor is dead now, and can't flash those violet eyes, and open that fabulous fishwife mouth, in reply.", "In 2005 the archive collections of the actor Richard Burton were deposited to the University Archives by his widow, Sally Burton. In 2010 the service was renamed the Richard Burton Archives, Swansea University. In 2014 the Richard Burton Archives became the first university archive in the UK, and the first in Wales, to attain Archives Service Accreditation. This was a major achievement which demonstrated that the management of the archive collections, services to users and accommodation met externally validated professional standards. Elisabeth was invited to speak at the Houses of Parliament. In 2015 the Richard Burton Archives entered Swansea University's Research as Art competition with an image designed to change perceptions about archives. ' The Archives Treasure Hoard' was created in collaboration with Ian Vine and received a Highly Commended prize. The image has gone on to be used in promotional material within Swansea University and beyond, including the ARCW publication 'Into the Archives', and the National Archives 'Archives Unlocked' brochure. Throughout her time at Swansea University, Elisabeth has developed the preservation and access of the archive collections. This has included securing funding for the following:- In 2005 the archive collections of the actor Richard Burton were deposited to the University Archives by his widow, Sally Burton. The collection consists of press cuttings, photographs, and correspondence, and sheds further light on Burton's personal and professional life. Elisabeth arranged for conservation work to be carried out on the 1940 diary and film posters, and funding was secured by Chris West (Director of Library and Information Services, Swansea University, 1999-2010) for a project archivist to catalogue the collection in 2006/7. In 2012 Elisabeth enabled a member of the Archives team to transcribe the Burton diaries, and to provide advice on copyright in the Burton collection, for the publication of the Richard Burton Diaries, edited by Professor Chris Williams. The publication was a great success and brought worldwide publicity for Swansea University and the Archives.", "Where Eagles Dare Where Eagles Dare is a 1968 British Metrocolor World War II action film directed by Brian G. Hutton and starring Richard Burton, Clint Eastwood, and Mary Ure. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, filmed in Panavision, and shot on location in Austria and Bavaria. Alistair MacLean wrote the screenplay, his first, at the same time that he wrote the novel of the same name. Both became commercial successes. The film involved some of the top filmmakers of the day and is now considered a classic. Major contributors included Hollywood stuntman Yakima Canutt, who as second-unit director shot most of the action scenes; British stuntman Alf Joint who doubled for Burton in such sequences as the fight on top of the cable car; award-winning conductor and composer Ron Goodwin, who wrote the film score; and future Oscar-nominee Arthur Ibbetson, who worked on its cinematography. The film is noted for the phrase \"Broadsword calling Danny Boy\", spoken by Richard Burton several times throughout. The phrase is frequently used by Richard Burton impressionists. In the winter of 1943\u201344, U.S. Army Brigadier General George Carnaby (Robert Beatty), a chief planner for the Western Front, is captured by the Germans. He is taken for interrogation to the Schlo\u00df Adler, a mountaintop fortress accessible only by cable car or helicopter. A team of seven Allied commandos, led by British Major John Smith of the Grenadier Guards (Richard Burton) and U.S. Army Ranger Lieutenant Morris Schaffer (Clint Eastwood), is briefed by Colonel Turner (Patrick Wymark) and Admiral Rolland (Michael Hordern) of MI6. Disguised as German troops, they are to parachute in, enter the castle, and rescue General Carnaby before the Germans can interrogate him.", "Simon De Bruxelles wrote of the diaries in 2012, \"The depth of Richard Burton's passion for Elizabeth Taylor is laid bare in diary extracts to be published for the first time this year ... beautiful beyond the dreams of pornography.\" The diaries had been kept since 1965 and Burton, \"... always maintained that they were personal and not intended for publication.\" Burton donated the Richard Burton Collection to Swansea University in 2005 and she received an honorary fellowship from that university in 2006. In 2005, Burton moved to Perth, Western Australia, where her brother and his family had lived for years. In 2009, she launched the Richard Burton Award for New Plays, in conjunction with Black Swan State Theatre Company offering a prize pool of A$30,000 for writers of unproduced scripts; this is Australia's richest prize for playwrights. The 2010 first prize of A$20,000 was awarded to Caleb Lewis; Hellie Turner was awarded the runner-up prize of A$10,000. The prize was not awarded in 2011 and new guidelines were drawn for 2012. The award was shared in 2012 by Ingle Knight and Tommy Murphy who would each receive a commission of $15,000 at the completion of a new play. No further awards have been announced and the award has ceased, Burton was patron of the Black Swan State Theatre Company, 2009-2012 Burton is a supporter of the West Australian Symphony Orchestra; she was a board member of Agelink, a theatre company for older actors. Established in 2007 Burton presents the Sally Burton Awards, a prize pool of A$4,000, to the two most talented performers of Shakespeare texts at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. In 2009 she launched the independent production house Onward Production whose productions ran from 2009 - 2011."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ca2d8e647fb14253bf34f57b5330ba47_0_q#1", "question": "Why did Richard Burton go to Mecca?", "rewrite": "Why did Richard Burton go to Mecca?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sally Burton Sally Burton (\"n\u00e9e\" Hay), also known as Sally Hay Burton (born 21 January 1948), is an author and theatre producer, and was the fourth wife and widow of actor Richard Burton. She was born in Braintree, Essex, the daughter of journalist Jack Hay. Burton worked as a freelance production assistant on the set of the TV mini-series \"Wagner\" when Richard Burton met her. During a seven-month tour of the United States with No\u00ebl Coward's play \"Private Lives\", in which Elizabeth Taylor was Richard Burton's co-star, Burton and Hay married on 3 July 1983 in Las Vegas; it was Burton's fifth marriage and her first. After the tour, they went to rest in Hawaii for several months before returning to their home in C\u00e9ligny where Burton died on 5 August 1984; Sally Burton was then 36. In 2012 Burton published the diaries of Richard Burton. She said her motivation was to show Burton's \"love for words\". In her review of the book, Barbara Ellen in \"The Guardian\" wrote The suspicion forms that Sally's unspoken motivation was to derail, once and for all, the Liz-Dickie show. To demonstrate that, despite all those tales of Burton's sending secret final love letters to Taylor, in which he wrote of yearning to \"come home\" to her, in truth, he had gone right off her, and, considering what he was writing, near despised her. To my mind, this none-too-subtle attempt to undermine the Burton/Taylor-myth looks a bit vindictive \u2013 especially considering that Taylor is dead now, and can't flash those violet eyes, and open that fabulous fishwife mouth, in reply.", "Since becoming a free agent, Perni\u0161 announced his intention to stay in the UK, insisting his family have settled down. Perni\u0161 turned down a move to SPL's rival Hibernian, insisting he want to move to England; Perni\u0161 also turned a move back to his homeland, Senica After deciding to play for an English club, Perni\u0161 went on a trial with Championship side Leicester City Perni\u0161 joined newly promoted Polish side Pogo\u0144 Szczecin on 2 August 2012, on a three-year deal. Aberdeen manager Derek McInnes has expressed an interest in the goalkeeper. However, Perni\u0161 failed to establish himself as a first-choice goalkeeper at Pogo\u0144. He left the club in June 2013 after his contract expired. Although Perni\u0161 went on trials with Danish club Viborg FF, he eventually joined the Corgo\u0148 Liga reigning champions \u0160K Slovan Bratislava. After signing his contract with Slovan in September 2013, Perni\u0161 was sent on loan to fellow league side FC Nitra, where he spent the autumn part of the 2013-2014 season. The goalkeeper returned from loan in the winter break. On 18 July 2015, Perni\u0161 signed a two-year contract with Greek Superleague club Iraklis. On 27 January 2017, Perni\u0161 joined Bulgarian club Beroe Stara Zagora. Perni\u0161 was an unused substitute for Slovakia during the 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship. < br> Perni\u0161 made his debut against Thailand in the Final game of the 2004 King's Cup in Bangkok, Thailand, when he played the entire 90 minutes of the game, conceding one goal in the 13th minute by Sakda Joemdee from a penalty kick.", "Du\u0161an Perni\u0161 Du\u0161an Perni\u0161 (born 28 November 1984) is a Slovak footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Bulgarian First League club Beroe Stara Zagora. Perni\u0161 has been capped for Slovakia at senior level. Perni\u0161 began his professional football career at FC Nitra, in the youth team, before moving to Dubnica at the age of eighteen. However, at first at Dubnica, Perni\u0161 spent time on the bench, but in a few seasons, Perni\u0161 soon became a regular goalkeeper in the first team. In the 2004-05 season, Perni\u0161 made thirty two appearance and the club finished in fourth place, which also earned them a place in Europe. Following two wins against Hungarian side Vasas and Turkish side Ankaraspor in Europe, the club faced the English side Newcastle United. Perni\u0161 was in goal for match, but Newcastle United proved to be too strong and Dubnica failed to win either leg losing 3-1 and 2-0. In the January transfer window, Perni\u0161 joined M\u0160K \u017dilina. At \u017dilina, Perni\u0161 soon faced a fight for the first choice with Du\u0161an Kuciak, but lost. The next season, Perni\u0161 left for Senec on loan and stayed there four months before returning to his parent club, where he made 22 appearances. At the end of the 2006/07 season, the club [\u017dilina] won the league. After his first loan, Perni\u0161 returned once more on loan to Dubnica, the team he started his football career with, and spent 18 months there. During his return, Perni\u0161 made 43 appearance. Upon his return from Dubnica, Perni\u0161 established himself in the first team, following the sale of Kuciak to Vaslui and made 32 appearances.", "During this spell, Perni\u0161 played all the club's European campaign, including a 2-1 win over Aston Villa in the last group-stage match. At the end of the season, which was his return, the club finished in second place. After that, Perni\u0161 was the club's first choice goalkeeper until he left the club. During his time at \u017dilina, Perni\u0161 earned a nickname of Pern\u00edk, which is gingerbread in English. After signing a pre-contract deal in July 2009 to join Dundee United in January 2010, Du\u0161an made his debut in the January 2010 2\u20130 Scottish Cup win against Partick Thistle, also keeping a clean sheet on his league debut four days later. Perni\u0161 kissed silver for the first time on 15 May 2010, when he kept a clean sheet in the Scottish cup final for Dundee United when Dundee United beat Ross County. After the match, Perni\u0161 says winning the Scottish Cup and revealed he cannot wait to show it [medal] to his family; he also cannot wait to have a challenge by playing in European game. Since moving to Dundee United, Perni\u0161 says he is now settled very well at the club, but desires to play in the Premier League in the future. The next season, Perni\u0161' comment on playing in Europe, came true when he was in goal when Dundee United lost and drew 2-1 on aggregate against Greek side AEK Athens. In his first full season at Dundee United, Perni\u0161 was in the club's squad, playing in goal entirely; which also happened again the following season. On 9 February 2012, it announced that Dundee United announced the signing of Polish goalkeeper Rados\u0142aw Cierzniak on a pre-contract agreement and confirmed Pernis would be leaving in the summer when his contract expired. A month ago, Dundee United planned to start entering talks with Perni\u0161 on a new deal.", "In 2005 the archive collections of the actor Richard Burton were deposited to the University Archives by his widow, Sally Burton. In 2010 the service was renamed the Richard Burton Archives, Swansea University. In 2014 the Richard Burton Archives became the first university archive in the UK, and the first in Wales, to attain Archives Service Accreditation. This was a major achievement which demonstrated that the management of the archive collections, services to users and accommodation met externally validated professional standards. Elisabeth was invited to speak at the Houses of Parliament. In 2015 the Richard Burton Archives entered Swansea University's Research as Art competition with an image designed to change perceptions about archives. ' The Archives Treasure Hoard' was created in collaboration with Ian Vine and received a Highly Commended prize. The image has gone on to be used in promotional material within Swansea University and beyond, including the ARCW publication 'Into the Archives', and the National Archives 'Archives Unlocked' brochure. Throughout her time at Swansea University, Elisabeth has developed the preservation and access of the archive collections. This has included securing funding for the following:- In 2005 the archive collections of the actor Richard Burton were deposited to the University Archives by his widow, Sally Burton. The collection consists of press cuttings, photographs, and correspondence, and sheds further light on Burton's personal and professional life. Elisabeth arranged for conservation work to be carried out on the 1940 diary and film posters, and funding was secured by Chris West (Director of Library and Information Services, Swansea University, 1999-2010) for a project archivist to catalogue the collection in 2006/7. In 2012 Elisabeth enabled a member of the Archives team to transcribe the Burton diaries, and to provide advice on copyright in the Burton collection, for the publication of the Richard Burton Diaries, edited by Professor Chris Williams. The publication was a great success and brought worldwide publicity for Swansea University and the Archives."], "answer": {"text": "His seven years in India gave Burton a familiarity with the customs and behaviour of Muslims and prepared him to attempt a Hajj (", "answer_start": 242}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Richard Burton when Richard Burton went on his first exploration?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ca2d8e647fb14253bf34f57b5330ba47_0_q#2", "question": "What did he do in 1851?", "rewrite": "What did Richard Francis Burton do in 1851?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Isabel Burton Isabel Burton (born Arundell; 20 March 1831 \u2013 22 March 1896), later known as Lady Burton, was an English writer. She was the wife and partner of explorer, adventurer, and writer Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821\u20131890). Isabel Arundell was born in London, England, 20 March 1831. She was the daughter of Hon. Henry Raymond Arundell (1799\u20131886) of Kenilworth, Warwickshire, nephew of James Everard Arundell (1785\u20131834), 10th Baron Arundell of Wardour. Her mother, Eliza, was the sister of Robert Tolver Gerard (1808\u20131887), 13th Baronet of Bryn, Lancashire, and 1st Baron Gerard of Bryn. Arundell was one of eleven children born into the Wardour family, a respected and well-to-do Roman Catholic family in England. She grew up enmeshed in London society and attended the convent of the Canonesses of the Holy Sepulchre, where she excelled as a writer and in theological studies. During the Crimean War, Arundell was refused three times in her quest to be a \"Nightingale nurse\" and instead set up a group of 150 like-minded women from Catholic families known as the Stella Club to assist the wives and children of soldiers who had married without permission and for whom the Army took no responsibility. Such women and children were often in dire circumstances at home. Arundell and her group went into the slums of London, against the advice of police, to distribute assistance. While on a school trip to Boulogne, Arundell first met her future husband, Richard Francis Burton, with whom she claims to have fallen in love immediately, though it would be another four years until their courtship began, and ten years until their marriage.", "Richard Francis Burton bibliography The British explorer and Arabist Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821\u20131890) published over 40 books and countless articles, monographs and letters. Most of Burton's books are travel narratives and translations. His only works of original imaginative fiction are both in verse: \"Stone Talk\" (1865) and the well-known \"The Kasidah\" (1880), both of which he published under the pseudonym \"Frank Baker\". A great number of Burton's journal and magazine pieces have never been catalogued.", "His translation, however, became incomplete. In 1923 a translation by Edward Powys Mathers based on the French translation by J. C. Mardrus appeared. Another translation attempt was made by John Payne (\"The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night\", 1882\u201384). He, however, printed just 500 copies for private circulation and ceded the work to Richard Francis Burton. Burton's translation (\"The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night\", 1885\u201388) enjoyed a huge public success, but at the same time was criticized for its reportedly archaic language and excessive erotic details. According to Ulrich Marzolph, as of 2004, Burton's translation remains the most complete version of \"One Thousand and One Nights\" in English. It is also generally considered as one of the finest unexpurgated translations from Calcutta II. It stood as the only complete translation of the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition (Egyptian recension) until the Malcolm C. and Ursula Lyons translation in 2008. In 1825 a Galland-based translation was made by Maximilian Habicht. Later, however, Duncan Black MacDonald showed that the Tunisian provenance of a manuscript Habicht claimed to use during the translation was a forgery which Habicht committed himself. In 1839\u20131842 \"One Thousand and One Nights\" were translated into German by Gustav Weil. In 1895\u20131897 Max Henning published another German translation in 24 small volumes; the first seven volumes were based on the Bulaq edition, while volumes 18\u201324 were largely translated from Richard Francis Burton. In 1912\u201313 another translation was made by Felix Paul Greve. In 1921\u20131928 Enno Littmann produced a six-volume translation of the whole \"One Thousand and One Nights\" on the basis of Calcutta II into German, including the poetry.", "Francis Robert Burton Francis Robert Burton (9 September 1840 \u2013 4 July 1915) was a Public Servant in the early days of South Australia and is remembered for his work in improving penal treatment of delinquent boys. He was born the second son of Dr. Richard Francis Burton (ca.1810 \u2013 24 February 1874), surgeon, of London. In 1852 the family migrated to South Australia and built a home \"Bexley\" in the Adelaide suburb of Sturt. Dr. Richard Francis Burton, aside from his private medical practice, from 1861 to 1874 provided subsidised medical aid to the poor of the Marion district. He served as Major in both the local and Adelaide regiments of the South Australian Volunteer Military Force, and was chairman of the District Council of Brighton from 1867 to 1873. Francis Burton was, in his youth, a fine athlete, successfully competing in walking events. He was a prominent cricketer (listed as \"Frank R. Burton\"), secretary of the Kensington Cricket Club, where his older brother James R. Burton was also a member, and one of the first to be given life membership of the South Australian Cricketing Association. In the late 1850s he joined the Volunteer Regiment. Louisa Harriot Burton (died 22 September 1917), who married Eden Herschel Babbage and settled in Roseville, New South Wales was a sister. His younger brother, William Burton (ca.1848 \u2013 31 May 1913), a banker, was also to settle in Roseville. In 1865 he joined the Public Service as a clerk in the Crown Lands Office and in the following years was successively transferred to the Immigration Office then the Local Courts. He was appointed Clerk of the Local Court, first in Wallaroo in 1877, Port Adelaide in 1879, then Adelaide on 1 March 1894.", "Zero Patience Zero Patience is a 1993 Canadian musical film written and directed by John Greyson. The film examines and refutes the urban legend of the alleged introduction of HIV to North America by a single individual, Ga\u00ebtan Dugas. Dugas, better known as Patient Zero, was tagged in the popular imagination with the blame in large measure because of Randy Shilts's history of the early days of the AIDS epidemic, \"And the Band Played On\" (1987). The film tells its story against the backdrop of a romance between a time-displaced Sir Richard Francis Burton and the ghost of \"Zero\" (the character is not identified by Dugas' name). Produced in partnership with the Canadian Film Centre, the Canada Council, Telefilm Canada and the Ontario Film Development Corporation, \"Zero Patience\" opened to mixed reviews but went on to win a number of prestigious Canadian film awards. The film has been the subject of critical attention in the context of both film theory and queer theory and is considered part of the informal New Queer Cinema movement. Victorian adventurer and sexologist Sir Richard Francis Burton (John Robinson), following an \"unfortunate encounter\" with the Fountain of Youth in 1892, is 170 years old and living in Toronto, Canada. Burton, now living and working as the chief taxidermist at a Museum of Natural History, is searching for a centerpiece display for an exhibit in his Hall of Contagion. He comes up with the idea of featuring AIDS and the Patient Zero hypothesis. Accepting the popular belief that Zero introduced the virus to North America, Burton sets out to collect video footage from those who knew Zero to support the hypothesis."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Richard Burton when Richard Burton went on his first exploration?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Richard Burton go to Mecca?", "answer": {"text": "His seven years in India gave Burton a familiarity with the customs and behaviour of Muslims and prepared him to attempt a Hajj (", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ca2d8e647fb14253bf34f57b5330ba47_0_q#3", "question": "Did anyone accompany him to Mecca?", "rewrite": "Did anyone accompany Richard Francis Burton to Mecca?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Isabel Burton Isabel Burton (born Arundell; 20 March 1831 \u2013 22 March 1896), later known as Lady Burton, was an English writer. She was the wife and partner of explorer, adventurer, and writer Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821\u20131890). Isabel Arundell was born in London, England, 20 March 1831. She was the daughter of Hon. Henry Raymond Arundell (1799\u20131886) of Kenilworth, Warwickshire, nephew of James Everard Arundell (1785\u20131834), 10th Baron Arundell of Wardour. Her mother, Eliza, was the sister of Robert Tolver Gerard (1808\u20131887), 13th Baronet of Bryn, Lancashire, and 1st Baron Gerard of Bryn. Arundell was one of eleven children born into the Wardour family, a respected and well-to-do Roman Catholic family in England. She grew up enmeshed in London society and attended the convent of the Canonesses of the Holy Sepulchre, where she excelled as a writer and in theological studies. During the Crimean War, Arundell was refused three times in her quest to be a \"Nightingale nurse\" and instead set up a group of 150 like-minded women from Catholic families known as the Stella Club to assist the wives and children of soldiers who had married without permission and for whom the Army took no responsibility. Such women and children were often in dire circumstances at home. Arundell and her group went into the slums of London, against the advice of police, to distribute assistance. While on a school trip to Boulogne, Arundell first met her future husband, Richard Francis Burton, with whom she claims to have fallen in love immediately, though it would be another four years until their courtship began, and ten years until their marriage.", "Francis Robert Burton Francis Robert Burton (9 September 1840 \u2013 4 July 1915) was a Public Servant in the early days of South Australia and is remembered for his work in improving penal treatment of delinquent boys. He was born the second son of Dr. Richard Francis Burton (ca.1810 \u2013 24 February 1874), surgeon, of London. In 1852 the family migrated to South Australia and built a home \"Bexley\" in the Adelaide suburb of Sturt. Dr. Richard Francis Burton, aside from his private medical practice, from 1861 to 1874 provided subsidised medical aid to the poor of the Marion district. He served as Major in both the local and Adelaide regiments of the South Australian Volunteer Military Force, and was chairman of the District Council of Brighton from 1867 to 1873. Francis Burton was, in his youth, a fine athlete, successfully competing in walking events. He was a prominent cricketer (listed as \"Frank R. Burton\"), secretary of the Kensington Cricket Club, where his older brother James R. Burton was also a member, and one of the first to be given life membership of the South Australian Cricketing Association. In the late 1850s he joined the Volunteer Regiment. Louisa Harriot Burton (died 22 September 1917), who married Eden Herschel Babbage and settled in Roseville, New South Wales was a sister. His younger brother, William Burton (ca.1848 \u2013 31 May 1913), a banker, was also to settle in Roseville. In 1865 he joined the Public Service as a clerk in the Crown Lands Office and in the following years was successively transferred to the Immigration Office then the Local Courts. He was appointed Clerk of the Local Court, first in Wallaroo in 1877, Port Adelaide in 1879, then Adelaide on 1 March 1894.", "Richard Francis Burton bibliography The British explorer and Arabist Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821\u20131890) published over 40 books and countless articles, monographs and letters. Most of Burton's books are travel narratives and translations. His only works of original imaginative fiction are both in verse: \"Stone Talk\" (1865) and the well-known \"The Kasidah\" (1880), both of which he published under the pseudonym \"Frank Baker\". A great number of Burton's journal and magazine pieces have never been catalogued.", "His translation, however, became incomplete. In 1923 a translation by Edward Powys Mathers based on the French translation by J. C. Mardrus appeared. Another translation attempt was made by John Payne (\"The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night\", 1882\u201384). He, however, printed just 500 copies for private circulation and ceded the work to Richard Francis Burton. Burton's translation (\"The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night\", 1885\u201388) enjoyed a huge public success, but at the same time was criticized for its reportedly archaic language and excessive erotic details. According to Ulrich Marzolph, as of 2004, Burton's translation remains the most complete version of \"One Thousand and One Nights\" in English. It is also generally considered as one of the finest unexpurgated translations from Calcutta II. It stood as the only complete translation of the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition (Egyptian recension) until the Malcolm C. and Ursula Lyons translation in 2008. In 1825 a Galland-based translation was made by Maximilian Habicht. Later, however, Duncan Black MacDonald showed that the Tunisian provenance of a manuscript Habicht claimed to use during the translation was a forgery which Habicht committed himself. In 1839\u20131842 \"One Thousand and One Nights\" were translated into German by Gustav Weil. In 1895\u20131897 Max Henning published another German translation in 24 small volumes; the first seven volumes were based on the Bulaq edition, while volumes 18\u201324 were largely translated from Richard Francis Burton. In 1912\u201313 another translation was made by Felix Paul Greve. In 1921\u20131928 Enno Littmann produced a six-volume translation of the whole \"One Thousand and One Nights\" on the basis of Calcutta II into German, including the poetry.", "The film received favorable reviews, with \"Washington Post\" critic Paul Attanasio writing that \"the joys of \"Black Widow\" are the joys of a film well made--the cinematography of Conrad Hall, the production design of Gene Callahan, and a fabulous cast,\" which also featured Dennis Hopper, Nicol Williamson, and Diane Ladd. In 1990 Rafelson directed \"Mountains of the Moon\", a film about the 1857\u201358 journey of Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke in their expedition to central Africa \u2014 the project that culminated in Speke's discovery of the source of the Nile River. It starred Patrick Bergin as Burton and Iain Glen as Speke, and was hailed by critic Roger Ebert as \"completely absorbing.\" Ebert continued, \"It tells its story soberly and intelligently, and with quiet style... It's the kind of movie that sends you away from the screen filled with curiosity to know more about this man Burton. \" In \"Newsweek\", critic Jack Kroll wrote, \"The exploits of Sir Richard Francis Burton make Lawrence of Arabia look like a tourist. . . . From scene to scene this film grips you as few movies do, moving between Africa and England to spotlight an extraordinary range of characters in both 'primitive' and 'civilized' cultures: from the African tribal chiefs, mild or murderous, to the nabobs of the Royal Geographical Society, honest or treacherous. \" Rafelson later observed, \"I was very lucky to make that movie. And I can tell you, if there was ever a movie that I enjoyed making, it was that one.\" In 1992 Rafelson teamed up with Nicholson and \"Five Easy Pieces\" screenwriter Carole Eastman for the film \"Man Trouble\". In 1996 he made his last film with Nicholson to date, \"Blood and Wine\"."], "answer": {"text": "Burton's trek to Mecca was dangerous, and his caravan was attacked by bandits (a common experience at the time).", "answer_start": 1182}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Richard Burton when Richard Burton went on his first exploration?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Richard Burton go to Mecca?", "answer": {"text": "His seven years in India gave Burton a familiarity with the customs and behaviour of Muslims and prepared him to attempt a Hajj (", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in 1851?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ca2d8e647fb14253bf34f57b5330ba47_0_q#4", "question": "How long did he stay in Mecca?", "rewrite": "How long did Richard Francis Burton stay in Mecca?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zero Patience Zero Patience is a 1993 Canadian musical film written and directed by John Greyson. The film examines and refutes the urban legend of the alleged introduction of HIV to North America by a single individual, Ga\u00ebtan Dugas. Dugas, better known as Patient Zero, was tagged in the popular imagination with the blame in large measure because of Randy Shilts's history of the early days of the AIDS epidemic, \"And the Band Played On\" (1987). The film tells its story against the backdrop of a romance between a time-displaced Sir Richard Francis Burton and the ghost of \"Zero\" (the character is not identified by Dugas' name). Produced in partnership with the Canadian Film Centre, the Canada Council, Telefilm Canada and the Ontario Film Development Corporation, \"Zero Patience\" opened to mixed reviews but went on to win a number of prestigious Canadian film awards. The film has been the subject of critical attention in the context of both film theory and queer theory and is considered part of the informal New Queer Cinema movement. Victorian adventurer and sexologist Sir Richard Francis Burton (John Robinson), following an \"unfortunate encounter\" with the Fountain of Youth in 1892, is 170 years old and living in Toronto, Canada. Burton, now living and working as the chief taxidermist at a Museum of Natural History, is searching for a centerpiece display for an exhibit in his Hall of Contagion. He comes up with the idea of featuring AIDS and the Patient Zero hypothesis. Accepting the popular belief that Zero introduced the virus to North America, Burton sets out to collect video footage from those who knew Zero to support the hypothesis.", "Isabel Burton Isabel Burton (born Arundell; 20 March 1831 \u2013 22 March 1896), later known as Lady Burton, was an English writer. She was the wife and partner of explorer, adventurer, and writer Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821\u20131890). Isabel Arundell was born in London, England, 20 March 1831. She was the daughter of Hon. Henry Raymond Arundell (1799\u20131886) of Kenilworth, Warwickshire, nephew of James Everard Arundell (1785\u20131834), 10th Baron Arundell of Wardour. Her mother, Eliza, was the sister of Robert Tolver Gerard (1808\u20131887), 13th Baronet of Bryn, Lancashire, and 1st Baron Gerard of Bryn. Arundell was one of eleven children born into the Wardour family, a respected and well-to-do Roman Catholic family in England. She grew up enmeshed in London society and attended the convent of the Canonesses of the Holy Sepulchre, where she excelled as a writer and in theological studies. During the Crimean War, Arundell was refused three times in her quest to be a \"Nightingale nurse\" and instead set up a group of 150 like-minded women from Catholic families known as the Stella Club to assist the wives and children of soldiers who had married without permission and for whom the Army took no responsibility. Such women and children were often in dire circumstances at home. Arundell and her group went into the slums of London, against the advice of police, to distribute assistance. While on a school trip to Boulogne, Arundell first met her future husband, Richard Francis Burton, with whom she claims to have fallen in love immediately, though it would be another four years until their courtship began, and ten years until their marriage.", "Richard Francis Burton bibliography The British explorer and Arabist Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821\u20131890) published over 40 books and countless articles, monographs and letters. Most of Burton's books are travel narratives and translations. His only works of original imaginative fiction are both in verse: \"Stone Talk\" (1865) and the well-known \"The Kasidah\" (1880), both of which he published under the pseudonym \"Frank Baker\". A great number of Burton's journal and magazine pieces have never been catalogued.", "His translation, however, became incomplete. In 1923 a translation by Edward Powys Mathers based on the French translation by J. C. Mardrus appeared. Another translation attempt was made by John Payne (\"The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night\", 1882\u201384). He, however, printed just 500 copies for private circulation and ceded the work to Richard Francis Burton. Burton's translation (\"The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night\", 1885\u201388) enjoyed a huge public success, but at the same time was criticized for its reportedly archaic language and excessive erotic details. According to Ulrich Marzolph, as of 2004, Burton's translation remains the most complete version of \"One Thousand and One Nights\" in English. It is also generally considered as one of the finest unexpurgated translations from Calcutta II. It stood as the only complete translation of the Macnaghten or Calcutta II edition (Egyptian recension) until the Malcolm C. and Ursula Lyons translation in 2008. In 1825 a Galland-based translation was made by Maximilian Habicht. Later, however, Duncan Black MacDonald showed that the Tunisian provenance of a manuscript Habicht claimed to use during the translation was a forgery which Habicht committed himself. In 1839\u20131842 \"One Thousand and One Nights\" were translated into German by Gustav Weil. In 1895\u20131897 Max Henning published another German translation in 24 small volumes; the first seven volumes were based on the Bulaq edition, while volumes 18\u201324 were largely translated from Richard Francis Burton. In 1912\u201313 another translation was made by Felix Paul Greve. In 1921\u20131928 Enno Littmann produced a six-volume translation of the whole \"One Thousand and One Nights\" on the basis of Calcutta II into German, including the poetry.", "Francis Robert Burton Francis Robert Burton (9 September 1840 \u2013 4 July 1915) was a Public Servant in the early days of South Australia and is remembered for his work in improving penal treatment of delinquent boys. He was born the second son of Dr. Richard Francis Burton (ca.1810 \u2013 24 February 1874), surgeon, of London. In 1852 the family migrated to South Australia and built a home \"Bexley\" in the Adelaide suburb of Sturt. Dr. Richard Francis Burton, aside from his private medical practice, from 1861 to 1874 provided subsidised medical aid to the poor of the Marion district. He served as Major in both the local and Adelaide regiments of the South Australian Volunteer Military Force, and was chairman of the District Council of Brighton from 1867 to 1873. Francis Burton was, in his youth, a fine athlete, successfully competing in walking events. He was a prominent cricketer (listed as \"Frank R. Burton\"), secretary of the Kensington Cricket Club, where his older brother James R. Burton was also a member, and one of the first to be given life membership of the South Australian Cricketing Association. In the late 1850s he joined the Volunteer Regiment. Louisa Harriot Burton (died 22 September 1917), who married Eden Herschel Babbage and settled in Roseville, New South Wales was a sister. His younger brother, William Burton (ca.1848 \u2013 31 May 1913), a banker, was also to settle in Roseville. In 1865 he joined the Public Service as a clerk in the Crown Lands Office and in the following years was successively transferred to the Immigration Office then the Local Courts. He was appointed Clerk of the Local Court, first in Wallaroo in 1877, Port Adelaide in 1879, then Adelaide on 1 March 1894."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How old was Richard Burton when Richard Burton went on his first exploration?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Richard Burton go to Mecca?", "answer": {"text": "His seven years in India gave Burton a familiarity with the customs and behaviour of Muslims and prepared him to attempt a Hajj (", "answer_start": 242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do in 1851?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone accompany him to Mecca?", "answer": {"text": "Burton's trek to Mecca was dangerous, and his caravan was attacked by bandits (a common experience at the time).", "answer_start": 1182, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#0", "question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "rewrite": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["And Young\" (by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway), and in the related 2002 movie, \"We Were Soldiers\", where he is portrayed by Greg Kinnear. Crandall served as an aviation consultant during filming in 2001. The student senate at the University of Washington rejected a resolution in February 2006 recommending that a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II. Some people did not believe that the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. Ashley Miller said that the University of Washington already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\"; she claimed to have partial Sioux ancestry. Jill Edwards questioned whether the university should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" A new version of the original resolution was submitted which called for a memorial to all eight alumni who received the Medal of Honor. The resolution passed on April 4, 2006 by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (). It was privately funded and was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "In February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated at the University of Washington (Boyington's alma mater) during a meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Washington's Student Senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and questioned the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (47.6573degN 122.3097degW / 47.6573; -122.3097). Privately funded, it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial The Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial, or Oregon's Medal of Honor Memorial, is an outdoor memorial commemorating all veterans, and especially Medal of Honor recipients, installed in Salem, Oregon's State Capitol State Park, in the United States. The memorial features seven granite pillars on each side of the Oregon State Capitol. East of the building, the pillars surround a flagpole with the American flag, and on the opposite side, the pillars encompass a flagpole with the state flag. Thirteen pillars have a bronze plaque depicting one of thirteen Medal of Honor recipients from Oregon; the fourteenth one lists the names of medal recipients with a connection to the state, but who did not enlist in Oregon. Bob Maxwell's name appears on the fourteenth pillar. The monument was erected by the Oregon State Capitol Foundation and Oregon Veterans Group in 2003.", "Riverside National Cemetery is home of the Medal of Honor Memorial, one of four sites in the United States recognized by the U.S. Congress as a National Medal of Honor Memorial Site. The Medal of Honor Memorial, whose walls feature the names of all medal recipients, is located at the third traffic circle in the cemetery. It was dedicated at a ceremony attended by 85 Medal of Honor recipients November 5, 1999. The statue \"Veterans Memorial\", created by Colorado sculptor A. Thomas Schomberg, in commemoration of the veterans, their comrades, their personal and emotional sacrifices and to acknowledge those Americans who have lost loved ones in the service of their country. The statue consists of a 12-foot pedestal, on top of which lies the lifeless body of a soldier partially covered with a poncho that hides the face. The unidentified soldier whether a man or woman, private or officer, will forever remain in silent tribute to every American who has given his or her life in combat. The statue was donated to the Riverside National Cemetery by Thomas F. and Judy Kane and was dedicated May 28, 2000. The Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Memorial was designated a National Memorial by the U.S. Congress on December 10, 2004 and dedicated September 16, 2005. A bronze statue, sculpted by Vietnam veteran Lewis Lee Millett, Jr. is the image of an American serviceman on his knees and bound by his captors. The statue is surrounded by black marble pillars, representing imprisonment. Several members of the legendary Tuskegee Airmen, America\u2019s first aviators of African descent, who trained at Alabama\u2019s Tuskegee University and flew for the United States Army Air Force, are buried at Riverside National Cemetery.", "Doyle Glass Doyle Dudley Glass (born January 22, 1962) is an American historian and sculptor. He specializes in military monuments, having designed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial. Glass was born and raised in Midland, Texas. A sixth generation Texan, his family dates back to the days of the Republic of Texas, with an ancestor who died at the Alamo, another who was a Texas Ranger in Sul Ross' command, a soldier who fought at Gettysburg, and a great-grandfather who was one of the first West Texas cattlemen. After graduating from Midland High School in 1980, Glass attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas where he obtained a BA in history. In 1988, he graduated from Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law with a Juris Doctor degree. In the early 1990s, Glass worked as an assistant district attorney in McLennan County, Texas and Bell County, Texas. In 1994, he moved to Kentucky and began work as a special prosecutor with the Kentucky Attorney General office. In 1999, Glass became a historian and sculptor, specializing in military monuments. He completed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial in 2001, and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial in 2008. As an historian, Glass wrote Lions of Medina, a first-hand account of the Marines of Charlie Company 1/1 during the Vietnam War."], "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#1", "question": "Who commissioned it?", "rewrite": "Who commissioned the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Washington Law Enforcement Medal of Honor The Washington Law Enforcement Medal of Honor is the only state decoration issued by the state of Washington to law enforcement officers, and is established by the Revised Code of Washington. (Individual municipal jurisdictions issue lesser awards to law enforcement officers and the state has three statutory civilian decorations: the Washington Medal of Merit, Washington Medal of Valor and the Washington Gift of Life Award). Washington law does not describe an order of precedence for state decorations and the Washington Law Enforcement Medal of Honor is not customarily placed in relation to other state decorations. All law enforcement officers in the state of Washington (including both those commissioned under the authority of state of Washington, as well as those of the United States), living or dead, who have been seriously injured or killed while in the performance of duty, or who have been distinguished by exceptionally meritorious conduct, are eligible to receive the medal from the Governor of Washington. In issuing the medal, the Governor acts on the recommendation of the \"law enforcement medal of honor committee,\" which consists of the Attorney-General of Washington, a representative of the Governor, and delegates from four police associations. While any person is eligible to nominate a law enforcement officer for the Washington Law Enforcement Medal of Honor, all nominations must be seconded by a sheriff or chief of police of the state of Washington before being submitted to the committee for consideration. The Washington Law Enforcement Medal of Honor is bronze. It depicts the Seal of Washington centered on the obverse side surrounded by the words \"Law Enforcement Medal of Honor. \" The reverse of the decoration is inscribed with the words \"for exceptionally honorable and meritorious conduct in performing services as a law enforcement officer.\" By custom, the medal is annually awarded by the Governor to a slate of recipients during the first week of May in a ceremony held at the Peace Officers Memorial in Olympia, Washington.", "And Young\" (by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway), and in the related 2002 movie, \"We Were Soldiers\", where he is portrayed by Greg Kinnear. Crandall served as an aviation consultant during filming in 2001. The student senate at the University of Washington rejected a resolution in February 2006 recommending that a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II. Some people did not believe that the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. Ashley Miller said that the University of Washington already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\"; she claimed to have partial Sioux ancestry. Jill Edwards questioned whether the university should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" A new version of the original resolution was submitted which called for a memorial to all eight alumni who received the Medal of Honor. The resolution passed on April 4, 2006 by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (). It was privately funded and was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "Riverside National Cemetery is home of the Medal of Honor Memorial, one of four sites in the United States recognized by the U.S. Congress as a National Medal of Honor Memorial Site. The Medal of Honor Memorial, whose walls feature the names of all medal recipients, is located at the third traffic circle in the cemetery. It was dedicated at a ceremony attended by 85 Medal of Honor recipients November 5, 1999. The statue \"Veterans Memorial\", created by Colorado sculptor A. Thomas Schomberg, in commemoration of the veterans, their comrades, their personal and emotional sacrifices and to acknowledge those Americans who have lost loved ones in the service of their country. The statue consists of a 12-foot pedestal, on top of which lies the lifeless body of a soldier partially covered with a poncho that hides the face. The unidentified soldier whether a man or woman, private or officer, will forever remain in silent tribute to every American who has given his or her life in combat. The statue was donated to the Riverside National Cemetery by Thomas F. and Judy Kane and was dedicated May 28, 2000. The Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Memorial was designated a National Memorial by the U.S. Congress on December 10, 2004 and dedicated September 16, 2005. A bronze statue, sculpted by Vietnam veteran Lewis Lee Millett, Jr. is the image of an American serviceman on his knees and bound by his captors. The statue is surrounded by black marble pillars, representing imprisonment. Several members of the legendary Tuskegee Airmen, America\u2019s first aviators of African descent, who trained at Alabama\u2019s Tuskegee University and flew for the United States Army Air Force, are buried at Riverside National Cemetery.", "Doyle Glass Doyle Dudley Glass (born January 22, 1962) is an American historian and sculptor. He specializes in military monuments, having designed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial. Glass was born and raised in Midland, Texas. A sixth generation Texan, his family dates back to the days of the Republic of Texas, with an ancestor who died at the Alamo, another who was a Texas Ranger in Sul Ross' command, a soldier who fought at Gettysburg, and a great-grandfather who was one of the first West Texas cattlemen. After graduating from Midland High School in 1980, Glass attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas where he obtained a BA in history. In 1988, he graduated from Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law with a Juris Doctor degree. In the early 1990s, Glass worked as an assistant district attorney in McLennan County, Texas and Bell County, Texas. In 1994, he moved to Kentucky and began work as a special prosecutor with the Kentucky Attorney General office. In 1999, Glass became a historian and sculptor, specializing in military monuments. He completed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial in 2001, and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial in 2008. As an historian, Glass wrote Lions of Medina, a first-hand account of the Marines of Charlie Company 1/1 during the Vietnam War.", "In February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated at the University of Washington (Boyington's alma mater) during a meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Washington's Student Senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and questioned the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (47.6573degN 122.3097degW / 47.6573; -122.3097). Privately funded, it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009."], "answer": {"text": "Privately funded,", "answer_start": 1620}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#2", "question": "Where was is going to be?", "rewrite": "Where was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial going to be?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Doyle Glass Doyle Dudley Glass (born January 22, 1962) is an American historian and sculptor. He specializes in military monuments, having designed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial. Glass was born and raised in Midland, Texas. A sixth generation Texan, his family dates back to the days of the Republic of Texas, with an ancestor who died at the Alamo, another who was a Texas Ranger in Sul Ross' command, a soldier who fought at Gettysburg, and a great-grandfather who was one of the first West Texas cattlemen. After graduating from Midland High School in 1980, Glass attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas where he obtained a BA in history. In 1988, he graduated from Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law with a Juris Doctor degree. In the early 1990s, Glass worked as an assistant district attorney in McLennan County, Texas and Bell County, Texas. In 1994, he moved to Kentucky and began work as a special prosecutor with the Kentucky Attorney General office. In 1999, Glass became a historian and sculptor, specializing in military monuments. He completed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial in 2001, and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial in 2008. As an historian, Glass wrote Lions of Medina, a first-hand account of the Marines of Charlie Company 1/1 during the Vietnam War.", "And Young\" (by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway), and in the related 2002 movie, \"We Were Soldiers\", where he is portrayed by Greg Kinnear. Crandall served as an aviation consultant during filming in 2001. The student senate at the University of Washington rejected a resolution in February 2006 recommending that a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II. Some people did not believe that the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. Ashley Miller said that the University of Washington already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\"; she claimed to have partial Sioux ancestry. Jill Edwards questioned whether the university should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" A new version of the original resolution was submitted which called for a memorial to all eight alumni who received the Medal of Honor. The resolution passed on April 4, 2006 by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (). It was privately funded and was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "In February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated at the University of Washington (Boyington's alma mater) during a meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Washington's Student Senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and questioned the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (47.6573degN 122.3097degW / 47.6573; -122.3097). Privately funded, it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial The Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial, or Oregon's Medal of Honor Memorial, is an outdoor memorial commemorating all veterans, and especially Medal of Honor recipients, installed in Salem, Oregon's State Capitol State Park, in the United States. The memorial features seven granite pillars on each side of the Oregon State Capitol. East of the building, the pillars surround a flagpole with the American flag, and on the opposite side, the pillars encompass a flagpole with the state flag. Thirteen pillars have a bronze plaque depicting one of thirteen Medal of Honor recipients from Oregon; the fourteenth one lists the names of medal recipients with a connection to the state, but who did not enlist in Oregon. Bob Maxwell's name appears on the fourteenth pillar. The monument was erected by the Oregon State Capitol Foundation and Oregon Veterans Group in 2003.", "Riverside National Cemetery is home of the Medal of Honor Memorial, one of four sites in the United States recognized by the U.S. Congress as a National Medal of Honor Memorial Site. The Medal of Honor Memorial, whose walls feature the names of all medal recipients, is located at the third traffic circle in the cemetery. It was dedicated at a ceremony attended by 85 Medal of Honor recipients November 5, 1999. The statue \"Veterans Memorial\", created by Colorado sculptor A. Thomas Schomberg, in commemoration of the veterans, their comrades, their personal and emotional sacrifices and to acknowledge those Americans who have lost loved ones in the service of their country. The statue consists of a 12-foot pedestal, on top of which lies the lifeless body of a soldier partially covered with a poncho that hides the face. The unidentified soldier whether a man or woman, private or officer, will forever remain in silent tribute to every American who has given his or her life in combat. The statue was donated to the Riverside National Cemetery by Thomas F. and Judy Kane and was dedicated May 28, 2000. The Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Memorial was designated a National Memorial by the U.S. Congress on December 10, 2004 and dedicated September 16, 2005. A bronze statue, sculpted by Vietnam veteran Lewis Lee Millett, Jr. is the image of an American serviceman on his knees and bound by his captors. The statue is surrounded by black marble pillars, representing imprisonment. Several members of the legendary Tuskegee Airmen, America\u2019s first aviators of African descent, who trained at Alabama\u2019s Tuskegee University and flew for the United States Army Air Force, are buried at Riverside National Cemetery."], "answer": {"text": "raised and defeated at the University of Washington", "answer_start": 125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who commissioned it?", "answer": {"text": "Privately funded,", "answer_start": 1620, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#3", "question": "Was it completed?", "rewrite": "Was the Universality of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial completed?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial The Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial, or Oregon's Medal of Honor Memorial, is an outdoor memorial commemorating all veterans, and especially Medal of Honor recipients, installed in Salem, Oregon's State Capitol State Park, in the United States. The memorial features seven granite pillars on each side of the Oregon State Capitol. East of the building, the pillars surround a flagpole with the American flag, and on the opposite side, the pillars encompass a flagpole with the state flag. Thirteen pillars have a bronze plaque depicting one of thirteen Medal of Honor recipients from Oregon; the fourteenth one lists the names of medal recipients with a connection to the state, but who did not enlist in Oregon. Bob Maxwell's name appears on the fourteenth pillar. The monument was erected by the Oregon State Capitol Foundation and Oregon Veterans Group in 2003.", "And Young\" (by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway), and in the related 2002 movie, \"We Were Soldiers\", where he is portrayed by Greg Kinnear. Crandall served as an aviation consultant during filming in 2001. The student senate at the University of Washington rejected a resolution in February 2006 recommending that a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II. Some people did not believe that the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. Ashley Miller said that the University of Washington already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\"; she claimed to have partial Sioux ancestry. Jill Edwards questioned whether the university should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" A new version of the original resolution was submitted which called for a memorial to all eight alumni who received the Medal of Honor. The resolution passed on April 4, 2006 by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (). It was privately funded and was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "Washington Medal of Valor The Washington Medal of Valor is one of three statutory civilian awards and decorations issued by the state of Washington, the others being the Washington Medal of Merit and the Washington Gift of Life Award (the state also issues the Washington Law Enforcement Medal of Honor and a number of military decorations). Washington law does not describe an order of precedence for state decorations, though the Medal of Valor is generally considered the state's second-highest honor, after the Medal of Merit. The Medal of Valor is awarded for valorous actions done to save the life of another person and undertaken at risk of injury or death. All persons, living or dead, except persons employed in \"hazardous professions\" (specifically including police and firefighters), are eligible for the medal. The medal is bestowed by the Governor of Washington on the advice of the \"medal of valor committee,\" which is composed of the governor himself, as well as the chief justice of the Washington State Supreme Court, the speaker of the Washington State House of Representatives, and the president of the Washington State Senate. The Washington Secretary of State serves as the committee's secretary. The process for nomination is not set by law, but, under current rules adopted by the committee, any person may nominate a qualified candidate through submission of a letter of nomination to the secretary of state who periodically presents received nominations to the committee for consideration. State law requires that the Medal of Valor \"be of .999 pure silver and shall consist of the seal of the state of Washington, surrounded by a raised laurel wreath and suspended from a silver bar device inscribed \"For Valor\" which is suspended from a ring attached by a dark green ribbon, bordered by silver.\" In addition to the recipient's name, the reverse reads \"for exceptionally valorous service, given in the act of saving the life of another.\"", "Doyle Glass Doyle Dudley Glass (born January 22, 1962) is an American historian and sculptor. He specializes in military monuments, having designed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial. Glass was born and raised in Midland, Texas. A sixth generation Texan, his family dates back to the days of the Republic of Texas, with an ancestor who died at the Alamo, another who was a Texas Ranger in Sul Ross' command, a soldier who fought at Gettysburg, and a great-grandfather who was one of the first West Texas cattlemen. After graduating from Midland High School in 1980, Glass attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas where he obtained a BA in history. In 1988, he graduated from Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law with a Juris Doctor degree. In the early 1990s, Glass worked as an assistant district attorney in McLennan County, Texas and Bell County, Texas. In 1994, he moved to Kentucky and began work as a special prosecutor with the Kentucky Attorney General office. In 1999, Glass became a historian and sculptor, specializing in military monuments. He completed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial in 2001, and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial in 2008. As an historian, Glass wrote Lions of Medina, a first-hand account of the Marines of Charlie Company 1/1 during the Vietnam War.", "In February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated at the University of Washington (Boyington's alma mater) during a meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Washington's Student Senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and questioned the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (47.6573degN 122.3097degW / 47.6573; -122.3097). Privately funded, it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009."], "answer": {"text": "it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "answer_start": 1638}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who commissioned it?", "answer": {"text": "Privately funded,", "answer_start": 1620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was is going to be?", "answer": {"text": "raised and defeated at the University of Washington", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#4", "question": "Was there any controversy surrounding it?", "rewrite": "Was there any controversy surrounding University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated at the University of Washington (Boyington's alma mater) during a meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Washington's Student Senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and questioned the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (47.6573degN 122.3097degW / 47.6573; -122.3097). Privately funded, it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "Doyle Glass Doyle Dudley Glass (born January 22, 1962) is an American historian and sculptor. He specializes in military monuments, having designed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial. Glass was born and raised in Midland, Texas. A sixth generation Texan, his family dates back to the days of the Republic of Texas, with an ancestor who died at the Alamo, another who was a Texas Ranger in Sul Ross' command, a soldier who fought at Gettysburg, and a great-grandfather who was one of the first West Texas cattlemen. After graduating from Midland High School in 1980, Glass attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas where he obtained a BA in history. In 1988, he graduated from Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law with a Juris Doctor degree. In the early 1990s, Glass worked as an assistant district attorney in McLennan County, Texas and Bell County, Texas. In 1994, he moved to Kentucky and began work as a special prosecutor with the Kentucky Attorney General office. In 1999, Glass became a historian and sculptor, specializing in military monuments. He completed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial in 2001, and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial in 2008. As an historian, Glass wrote Lions of Medina, a first-hand account of the Marines of Charlie Company 1/1 during the Vietnam War.", "And Young\" (by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway), and in the related 2002 movie, \"We Were Soldiers\", where he is portrayed by Greg Kinnear. Crandall served as an aviation consultant during filming in 2001. The student senate at the University of Washington rejected a resolution in February 2006 recommending that a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II. Some people did not believe that the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. Ashley Miller said that the University of Washington already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\"; she claimed to have partial Sioux ancestry. Jill Edwards questioned whether the university should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" A new version of the original resolution was submitted which called for a memorial to all eight alumni who received the Medal of Honor. The resolution passed on April 4, 2006 by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (). It was privately funded and was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "Riverside National Cemetery is home of the Medal of Honor Memorial, one of four sites in the United States recognized by the U.S. Congress as a National Medal of Honor Memorial Site. The Medal of Honor Memorial, whose walls feature the names of all medal recipients, is located at the third traffic circle in the cemetery. It was dedicated at a ceremony attended by 85 Medal of Honor recipients November 5, 1999. The statue \"Veterans Memorial\", created by Colorado sculptor A. Thomas Schomberg, in commemoration of the veterans, their comrades, their personal and emotional sacrifices and to acknowledge those Americans who have lost loved ones in the service of their country. The statue consists of a 12-foot pedestal, on top of which lies the lifeless body of a soldier partially covered with a poncho that hides the face. The unidentified soldier whether a man or woman, private or officer, will forever remain in silent tribute to every American who has given his or her life in combat. The statue was donated to the Riverside National Cemetery by Thomas F. and Judy Kane and was dedicated May 28, 2000. The Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Memorial was designated a National Memorial by the U.S. Congress on December 10, 2004 and dedicated September 16, 2005. A bronze statue, sculpted by Vietnam veteran Lewis Lee Millett, Jr. is the image of an American serviceman on his knees and bound by his captors. The statue is surrounded by black marble pillars, representing imprisonment. Several members of the legendary Tuskegee Airmen, America\u2019s first aviators of African descent, who trained at Alabama\u2019s Tuskegee University and flew for the United States Army Air Force, are buried at Riverside National Cemetery.", "Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial The Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial, or Oregon's Medal of Honor Memorial, is an outdoor memorial commemorating all veterans, and especially Medal of Honor recipients, installed in Salem, Oregon's State Capitol State Park, in the United States. The memorial features seven granite pillars on each side of the Oregon State Capitol. East of the building, the pillars surround a flagpole with the American flag, and on the opposite side, the pillars encompass a flagpole with the state flag. Thirteen pillars have a bronze plaque depicting one of thirteen Medal of Honor recipients from Oregon; the fourteenth one lists the names of medal recipients with a connection to the state, but who did not enlist in Oregon. Bob Maxwell's name appears on the fourteenth pillar. The monument was erected by the Oregon State Capitol Foundation and Oregon Veterans Group in 2003."], "answer": {"text": "Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial,", "answer_start": 296}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who commissioned it?", "answer": {"text": "Privately funded,", "answer_start": 1620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was is going to be?", "answer": {"text": "raised and defeated at the University of Washington", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it completed?", "answer": {"text": "it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from financial difficulties, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["VideoGamer.com's Wesley Yin-Poole called his relationship with Lightning and Hope, and the way he coped with Serah's fate, one of the most interesting aspects of the original game. Aside from his appearance in the \"XIII\" games, the character was featured in the rhythm game \"Theatrhythm Final Fantasy\" as a subcharacter representing \"Final Fantasy XIII\", and his outfit from that game was featured as an optional character costume in \"\" along with Lightning's Guardian Corps uniform. Snow is voiced by Troy Baker in English and by Daisuke Ono in Japanese. is a 14-year-old boy who is an exile at the start of \"Final Fantasy XIII\". At the beginning of the game, Hope and his mother Nora, on vacation in the town of Bodhum, are selected for the Purge. Under Snow's leadership, Nora joins the resistance in the Hanging Edge, but falls to her death during the battle while trying to protect Hope and after saving Snow's life, which angers Hope greatly. After he becomes a l'Cie, and being separated from the main party, Hope follows Lightning to \"toughen up\" while plotting his assassination attempt on Snow for revenge. Despite Lightning's objections, Hope tries to kill Snow once he gets him alone, but after coming to the realization that he had just been blaming Snow to cope with his mother's death, they settle their differences. When Hope returns home to his father, Bartholomew, he tells him what happened to Nora and repairs their relationship. When on Gran Pulse, he tells the others to leave him, afraid they will get hurt because of him, but inadvertently summons his Eidolon Alexander.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Out of this combination, and with the Cole brothers' focus on original songwriting came 'Quill', which was then signed as a group to Amphion Management. The band spent 1967, 1968 and 1969 regularly playing rock venues in Boston, Providence, and New York, as well as many other smaller markets around the Northeast. Though Quill rarely played outside of their region, the show made it as far west as Aspen, Colorado. Though most often headlining in smaller clubs, where Quill gained a very loyal following, the group also played in a number of much larger venues, opening for such international acts as The Jeff Beck Group, The Who, The Kinks, Deep Purple, Buddy Guy, Blue Cheer, Sly and the Family Stone, Grateful Dead, and Janis Joplin. It even opened for comedian Steve Martin in one of the interesting pairings in Quill lore. In addition. Quill was featured on several local TV shows in Boston and the Midwest, and was highlighted by the music press on numerous occasions for its originality and creativity. An early summer '69 appearance at Steve Paul's Scene in New York City resulted in Quill being invited to play at the Woodstock Festival. That night at the club also featured the first introduction of Johnny Winter to the NYC record industry crowd. The night ended finding Jimi Hendrix and Stephen Stills joining Johnny and members of Quill for a late jam. Aside from the basic roles of each member of the band, one of the interesting aspects of the band was its ability to mount a variety of instrumental and vocal configurations to play specific songs. Considered by many to be among the best technical and most creative rock drummers of that era, Roger North anchored the band on the drums and percussion. The other members of the band would often switch instruments to create different sounds and effects.", "When WXXA joined Fox as a charter affiliate in 1986 (displacing WNYW on cable systems), WUSV had some difficulty filling the void. The Capital District was just barely large enough at the time to support what were essentially two independent stations (WXXA, like other early Fox affiliates, was still programmed as an independent at the time), and there simply wasn't enough programming to go around. Due to continuing financial difficulties, Union Street Video finally gave up in 1987 and sold the station in a fire sale to WMHT Educational Telecommunications. Under WMHT's ownership, channel 45 became a secondary PBS member station under the calls WMHX. It was still licensed as a commercial station, but operated as a noncommercial broadcaster\u2014much like Buffalo's WNED-TV (which received an educational license in 2000) and New York City's WNYC-TV (now Ion Television owned-and-operated station WPXN-TV) operated for many years. This arrangement lasted until 1991 when, due to financial difficulties, WMHX was taken off-the-air. Two years later, the station returned to the air as WMHQ, carrying a large amount of instructional programming alongside repeats and double runs from WMHT. Further financial difficulties at WMHT led to WMHQ being put up for sale in the late 1990s. Despite WMHT's financial difficulties, WMHQ's commercial license was still very valuable. By this time, the Capital District had grown large enough that a second non-Big Three station was now viable. After a sale to Sinclair Broadcast Group, which intended to make the station a dual UPN/WB affiliate, fell through, Tribune Broadcasting, part-owner of The WB, bought the station in 1999 for $18.5 million.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil."], "answer": {"text": "Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (", "answer_start": 716}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who commissioned it?", "answer": {"text": "Privately funded,", "answer_start": 1620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was is going to be?", "answer": {"text": "raised and defeated at the University of Washington", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it completed?", "answer": {"text": "it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any controversy surrounding it?", "answer": {"text": "Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial,", "answer_start": 296, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#6", "question": "Was there media coverage?", "rewrite": "Was there media coverage about the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Doyle Glass Doyle Dudley Glass (born January 22, 1962) is an American historian and sculptor. He specializes in military monuments, having designed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial. Glass was born and raised in Midland, Texas. A sixth generation Texan, his family dates back to the days of the Republic of Texas, with an ancestor who died at the Alamo, another who was a Texas Ranger in Sul Ross' command, a soldier who fought at Gettysburg, and a great-grandfather who was one of the first West Texas cattlemen. After graduating from Midland High School in 1980, Glass attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas where he obtained a BA in history. In 1988, he graduated from Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law with a Juris Doctor degree. In the early 1990s, Glass worked as an assistant district attorney in McLennan County, Texas and Bell County, Texas. In 1994, he moved to Kentucky and began work as a special prosecutor with the Kentucky Attorney General office. In 1999, Glass became a historian and sculptor, specializing in military monuments. He completed the Kentucky Medal of Honor Memorial in 2001, and the Texas Medal of Honor Memorial in 2008. As an historian, Glass wrote Lions of Medina, a first-hand account of the Marines of Charlie Company 1/1 during the Vietnam War.", "Riverside National Cemetery is home of the Medal of Honor Memorial, one of four sites in the United States recognized by the U.S. Congress as a National Medal of Honor Memorial Site. The Medal of Honor Memorial, whose walls feature the names of all medal recipients, is located at the third traffic circle in the cemetery. It was dedicated at a ceremony attended by 85 Medal of Honor recipients November 5, 1999. The statue \"Veterans Memorial\", created by Colorado sculptor A. Thomas Schomberg, in commemoration of the veterans, their comrades, their personal and emotional sacrifices and to acknowledge those Americans who have lost loved ones in the service of their country. The statue consists of a 12-foot pedestal, on top of which lies the lifeless body of a soldier partially covered with a poncho that hides the face. The unidentified soldier whether a man or woman, private or officer, will forever remain in silent tribute to every American who has given his or her life in combat. The statue was donated to the Riverside National Cemetery by Thomas F. and Judy Kane and was dedicated May 28, 2000. The Prisoner of War/Missing in Action Memorial was designated a National Memorial by the U.S. Congress on December 10, 2004 and dedicated September 16, 2005. A bronze statue, sculpted by Vietnam veteran Lewis Lee Millett, Jr. is the image of an American serviceman on his knees and bound by his captors. The statue is surrounded by black marble pillars, representing imprisonment. Several members of the legendary Tuskegee Airmen, America\u2019s first aviators of African descent, who trained at Alabama\u2019s Tuskegee University and flew for the United States Army Air Force, are buried at Riverside National Cemetery.", "Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial The Oregon Veterans Medal of Honor Memorial, or Oregon's Medal of Honor Memorial, is an outdoor memorial commemorating all veterans, and especially Medal of Honor recipients, installed in Salem, Oregon's State Capitol State Park, in the United States. The memorial features seven granite pillars on each side of the Oregon State Capitol. East of the building, the pillars surround a flagpole with the American flag, and on the opposite side, the pillars encompass a flagpole with the state flag. Thirteen pillars have a bronze plaque depicting one of thirteen Medal of Honor recipients from Oregon; the fourteenth one lists the names of medal recipients with a connection to the state, but who did not enlist in Oregon. Bob Maxwell's name appears on the fourteenth pillar. The monument was erected by the Oregon State Capitol Foundation and Oregon Veterans Group in 2003.", "And Young\" (by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway), and in the related 2002 movie, \"We Were Soldiers\", where he is portrayed by Greg Kinnear. Crandall served as an aviation consultant during filming in 2001. The student senate at the University of Washington rejected a resolution in February 2006 recommending that a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II. Some people did not believe that the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. Ashley Miller said that the University of Washington already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\"; she claimed to have partial Sioux ancestry. Jill Edwards questioned whether the university should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" A new version of the original resolution was submitted which called for a memorial to all eight alumni who received the Medal of Honor. The resolution passed on April 4, 2006 by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (). It was privately funded and was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "In February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated at the University of Washington (Boyington's alma mater) during a meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Washington's Student Senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and questioned the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (47.6573degN 122.3097degW / 47.6573; -122.3097). Privately funded, it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009."], "answer": {"text": "The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets,", "answer_start": 554}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who commissioned it?", "answer": {"text": "Privately funded,", "answer_start": 1620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was is going to be?", "answer": {"text": "raised and defeated at the University of Washington", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it completed?", "answer": {"text": "it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any controversy surrounding it?", "answer": {"text": "Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial,", "answer_start": 296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (", "answer_start": 716, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b14b4ac5346a4d87a03336468a4ea7eb_0_q#7", "question": "Did anyone contend Ashley?", "rewrite": "Did anyone contend Ashley against her article about Pappy Boyington and the UW's many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Though suffering the extreme physical strain attendant upon protracted fighter operations at an altitude above 25,000 feet, the squadron under his zealous and inspiring leadership shot down a total of 27 Japanese planes. His superb airmanship, his outstanding skill and personal valor reflect great credit upon Maj. Galer's gallant fighting spirit and upon the U.S. Naval Service. At the University of Washington in February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated during a meeting of the student senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor after attending the school. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote.", "And Young\" (by Harold G. Moore and Joseph L. Galloway), and in the related 2002 movie, \"We Were Soldiers\", where he is portrayed by Greg Kinnear. Crandall served as an aviation consultant during filming in 2001. The student senate at the University of Washington rejected a resolution in February 2006 recommending that a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II. Some people did not believe that the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. Ashley Miller said that the University of Washington already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\"; she claimed to have partial Sioux ancestry. Jill Edwards questioned whether the university should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" A new version of the original resolution was submitted which called for a memorial to all eight alumni who received the Medal of Honor. The resolution passed on April 4, 2006 by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (). It was privately funded and was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "In February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated at the University of Washington (Boyington's alma mater) during a meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Washington's Student Senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and questioned the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote. The University of Washington Medal of Honor memorial was constructed at the south end of Memorial Way (17th Ave NE), north of Red Square, in the interior of a traffic circle between Parrington and Kane Halls (47.6573degN 122.3097degW / 47.6573; -122.3097). Privately funded, it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "He returned to his exposed position, repeating this performance until 2 of the tanks were knocked out and a third driven off. Still at great risk, he continued to direct the destroyers' fire into the Germans' wooded position until the enemy came out and surrendered. Sgt. Hawk's fearless initiative and heroic conduct, even while suffering from a painful wound, was in large measure responsible for crushing 2 desperate attempts of the enemy to escape from the Falaise Pocket and for taking more than 500 prisoners. At the University of Washington in February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated during a meeting of the student senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor after attending the UW. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote.", "He was then assisted to cover by another officer who applied first aid. Although bleeding profusely and faint from the loss of blood, 1st Lt. Bronson remained with the survivors of the company throughout the night of the second day, refusing to go to the rear for treatment. His conspicuous gallantry and spirit of self-sacrifice were a source of great inspiration to the members of the entire command. At the University of Washington in February 2006, a resolution recommending a memorial be erected to honor fighter ace and alumnus Pappy Boyington for his service during World War II was raised and defeated during a meeting of the student senate. Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial, and some were questioning the widely held assumption that all warriors and acts of war are automatically worthy of memorialization. The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets, focusing on two statements made by student senators during the meeting. One student senator, Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (Boyington claimed partial Sioux ancestry and was not rich); another, Jill Edwards, questioned whether the UW should memorialize a person who killed others, summarized in the minutes as saying \"she didn't believe a member of the Marine Corps was an example of the sort of person UW wanted to produce.\" After its defeat, a new version of the original resolution was submitted that called for a memorial to all eight UW alumni who received the Medal of Honor after attending the UW. On April 4, 2006, the resolution passed by a vote of 64 to 14 with several abstentions, on a roll call vote."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the University of Washington Medal of Honor Memorial?", "answer": {"text": "memorial be erected to honor Boyington for his service during World War II", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who commissioned it?", "answer": {"text": "Privately funded,", "answer_start": 1620, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was is going to be?", "answer": {"text": "raised and defeated at the University of Washington", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it completed?", "answer": {"text": "it was completed in time for a Veterans Day dedication in November 2009.", "answer_start": 1638, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any controversy surrounding it?", "answer": {"text": "Some people did not believe the resolution's sponsor had fully addressed the financial and logistical problems of installing a memorial,", "answer_start": 296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Ashley Miller, said that the UW already had many monuments to \"rich, white men\" (", "answer_start": 716, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there media coverage?", "answer": {"text": "The story was picked up by some blogs and conservative news outlets,", "answer_start": 554, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1dc0b98d05149bcacd718549f995e6b_0_q#0", "question": "What countries did Gabriel Batistuta reside in?", "rewrite": "What countries did Gabriel Batistuta reside in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With Maradona officially retired, Argentina went into the tournament with high expectations, still fielding players from their previous tournament, with Gabriel Batistuta still a constant goalscoring threat and Diego Simeone remaining as the leading figure from the anchorman position. Drawn into Group H of the competition, their opponents consisted of Japan, Jamaica and Croatia. They began their campaign with a 1\u20130 victory over the Asian nation, following it up with a 5\u20130 demolition of the Caribbeans. Their third group game was against the Croatians, who had also confirmed qualification to the next round and ended with victory for the \"Albiceleste\" by 1\u20130. Argentina went into the knockout phase with the impressive record of seven goals scored, keeping clean sheets in all three group games. Their opponent was England]], fielding an equally strong team. Argentina took the lead with just six minutes played through Gabriel Batistuta from the penalty spot, only for Alan Shearer to equalize through the same means four minutes later. Six minutes after, youngster Michael Owen broke past Roberto Ayala to score a great individual effort, which was eventually cancelled out one minute into stoppage time after a free kick routine put Javier Zanetti through on goal to score, leaving the final result at 2\u20132 at the end of the first half. In the second half, England playmaker David Beckham was sent off after a kick on Simeone, with the scores remaining unchanged until the end of normal time and extra time. Argentina won 4\u20133 on penalties, after Ayala scored the decisive spot kick to book their quarter-final spot, where the Netherlands awaited them. The game was an equally fought match, with both sides scoring early goals; Patrick Kluivert netting after just 12 minutes and Claudio L\u00f3pez equalizing five minutes later.", "Despite reaching the Copa del Rey final and reaching the Champions League quarter-finals for the first time in the club's history, he was sacked by Sevilla 4 months later following a run that included nine matches without a victory. Montella began his club career in Serie C1 at Empoli in 1990 before moving to Serie B club Genoa in 1995, where he scored 21 goals in his only season with the club, at the end of which he lifted the Anglo-Italian Cup. He then moved up to Serie A to city rivals Sampdoria, where he remained three years, until 1999. After Sampdoria's relegation, when he moved to Roma in a 50 billion lire (about \u20ac25.823 million) transfer. Montella made his Serie A debut on 8 September 1996, against Perugia. It was Roma coach Zden\u011bk Zeman that wanted him to spearhead the Roma attack, but that year Roma also signed a new coach, Fabio Capello, who disliked short forwards. Despite this, during the 1999\u20132000 season, Montella scored 18 goals, being the topscorer of the \"giallorossi\", playing alongside Marco Delvecchio, in front of advanced playmaker Francesco Totti. The following year, Roma signed the Argentinian forward Gabriel Batistuta from Fiorentina, the tall striker wanted by Capello. There was a slight controversy between the two forwards concerning the number 9 shirt, the prior number of both players \u2013 Batistuta ultimately chose number 18, although Batistuta was often the coach's first choice, with Montella was usually deployed as a substitute.", "He was a member of the Argentina side that finished runners-up in the 1995 King Fahd Cup, the predecessor to the FIFA Confederations Cup. In 1996, Crespo was a member of the Argentina men's football squad for the Olympic Games. Crespo helped take Argentina to the final with braces against Spain in the quarter-final and Portugal in the semi-final. However, Argentina lost the final to Nigeria, despite Crespo scoring his sixth goal of the tournament from the penalty spot. Crespo scored his first goal for the Argentina senior team in a 1998 World Cup qualifier against Ecuador and hit a hat-trick against FR Yugoslavia in a pre-World Cup friendly. Crespo was called up to the final roster for the 1998 World Cup but only made one substitute appearance, as Gabriel Batistuta led the Argentine attack. Crespo missed his kick in the second round penalty shoot-out with England, but Argentina progressed 4\u20133. During qualification for the 2002 World Cup, Crespo was top scorer for Argentina with nine goals as they topped the South American group. During the finals, Batistuta was again preferred to Crespo as Argentina's starting centre forward. Crespo appeared as a substitute in all three group matches, including the final match against Sweden, which Argentina needed to win in order to qualify for the second round. Though Crespo scored an 88th-minute equaliser, it was not to be enough and Argentina were eliminated. After the 2002 World Cup, Batistuta retired from international football, and Crespo took over as Argentina's number 9. During the 2006 World Cup qualifying stage, Crespo scored seven times, including two goals in Argentina's 3\u20131 World Cup qualifying win over arch-rivals Brazil in Buenos Aires, which made him Argentina's career scoring leader in World Cup qualifiers.", "List of international goals scored by Gabriel Batistuta Gabriel Batistuta is a former Argentine professional footballer who made 78 appearances for Argentina between 1991 and 2002. He is Argentina's second highest goalscorer only behind Lionel Messi. He scored 56 goals in 78 international matches, but two of Batistuta's goals were scored in a 6\u20130 friendly home win against the Slovakian youth team on 22 June 1995, in Mendoza, therefore, they are not recognized by the Argentine Football Association, although the match is recognized by FIFA. The following is a list of all the international goals he has scored:", "Miroslav Klose, 34 years and 330 days Angelo Mattea, 38 years and 7 days, for Casale, in a 5\u20131 away loss to Ambrosiana on 28 October 1930 Francesco Totti, 23 Luca Toni (38 years, 2014\u201315) Gunnar Nordahl, 5 Gonzalo Higua\u00edn (36, 2015\u201316) Christian Vieri Oliver Bierhoff (15 out of 19, 1998\u201399) Gabriel Batistuta (13 consecutive Serie A games, 2 in 1992\u201393 and 11 in 1994\u201395 with Fiorentina) Gabriel Batistuta (in 1994\u201395, with Fiorentina) and Fabio Quagliarella (in 2018\u201319, with Sampdoria) (11 consecutive Serie A games) Gabriel Batistuta (in 1994\u201395, with Fiorentina) (11 consecutive Serie A games) Giuseppe Signori (from 17 May 1992 to 28 February 1993; 1 in 1991\u201392 with Foggia, and 9 in 1992\u201393 with Lazio) (10 consecutive Serie A away games with a goal) Cristiano Ronaldo (in 2018\u201319, with Juventus) and Giuseppe Signori (in 1992\u201393, with Lazio) (9 consecutive Serie A away games with a goal) Alessandro Del Piero (17 seasons) The following table shows the ten Italian players that have scored the most professional goals in total throughout their career, at both club and international level (excluding youth competitions). Players in bold are still active Franco Baresi and Riccardo Ferri (eight) The following table shows the goalkeepers that have longest consecutive run without conceding a goal in Serie A. Length column is in minutes. Players in bold are still active. Minutes in bold indicate an active run. Updated 28 September 2019 Players in bold are still active  Gianluigi Buffon, 294"], "answer": {"text": "In 1991, Batistuta was selected to play for Argentina in the Copa America held in Chile,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c1dc0b98d05149bcacd718549f995e6b_0_q#1", "question": "Did he reside in any other countries?", "rewrite": "Besides Argentina, did Gabriel Batistuta reside in any other countries?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He was a member of the Argentina side that finished runners-up in the 1995 King Fahd Cup, the predecessor to the FIFA Confederations Cup. In 1996, Crespo was a member of the Argentina men's football squad for the Olympic Games. Crespo helped take Argentina to the final with braces against Spain in the quarter-final and Portugal in the semi-final. However, Argentina lost the final to Nigeria, despite Crespo scoring his sixth goal of the tournament from the penalty spot. Crespo scored his first goal for the Argentina senior team in a 1998 World Cup qualifier against Ecuador and hit a hat-trick against FR Yugoslavia in a pre-World Cup friendly. Crespo was called up to the final roster for the 1998 World Cup but only made one substitute appearance, as Gabriel Batistuta led the Argentine attack. Crespo missed his kick in the second round penalty shoot-out with England, but Argentina progressed 4\u20133. During qualification for the 2002 World Cup, Crespo was top scorer for Argentina with nine goals as they topped the South American group. During the finals, Batistuta was again preferred to Crespo as Argentina's starting centre forward. Crespo appeared as a substitute in all three group matches, including the final match against Sweden, which Argentina needed to win in order to qualify for the second round. Though Crespo scored an 88th-minute equaliser, it was not to be enough and Argentina were eliminated. After the 2002 World Cup, Batistuta retired from international football, and Crespo took over as Argentina's number 9. During the 2006 World Cup qualifying stage, Crespo scored seven times, including two goals in Argentina's 3\u20131 World Cup qualifying win over arch-rivals Brazil in Buenos Aires, which made him Argentina's career scoring leader in World Cup qualifiers.", "Miroslav Klose, 34 years and 330 days Angelo Mattea, 38 years and 7 days, for Casale, in a 5\u20131 away loss to Ambrosiana on 28 October 1930 Francesco Totti, 23 Luca Toni (38 years, 2014\u201315) Gunnar Nordahl, 5 Gonzalo Higua\u00edn (36, 2015\u201316) Christian Vieri Oliver Bierhoff (15 out of 19, 1998\u201399) Gabriel Batistuta (13 consecutive Serie A games, 2 in 1992\u201393 and 11 in 1994\u201395 with Fiorentina) Gabriel Batistuta (in 1994\u201395, with Fiorentina) and Fabio Quagliarella (in 2018\u201319, with Sampdoria) (11 consecutive Serie A games) Gabriel Batistuta (in 1994\u201395, with Fiorentina) (11 consecutive Serie A games) Giuseppe Signori (from 17 May 1992 to 28 February 1993; 1 in 1991\u201392 with Foggia, and 9 in 1992\u201393 with Lazio) (10 consecutive Serie A away games with a goal) Cristiano Ronaldo (in 2018\u201319, with Juventus) and Giuseppe Signori (in 1992\u201393, with Lazio) (9 consecutive Serie A away games with a goal) Alessandro Del Piero (17 seasons) The following table shows the ten Italian players that have scored the most professional goals in total throughout their career, at both club and international level (excluding youth competitions). Players in bold are still active Franco Baresi and Riccardo Ferri (eight) The following table shows the goalkeepers that have longest consecutive run without conceding a goal in Serie A. Length column is in minutes. Players in bold are still active. Minutes in bold indicate an active run. Updated 28 September 2019 Players in bold are still active  Gianluigi Buffon, 294", "With Maradona officially retired, Argentina went into the tournament with high expectations, still fielding players from their previous tournament, with Gabriel Batistuta still a constant goalscoring threat and Diego Simeone remaining as the leading figure from the anchorman position. Drawn into Group H of the competition, their opponents consisted of Japan, Jamaica and Croatia. They began their campaign with a 1\u20130 victory over the Asian nation, following it up with a 5\u20130 demolition of the Caribbeans. Their third group game was against the Croatians, who had also confirmed qualification to the next round and ended with victory for the \"Albiceleste\" by 1\u20130. Argentina went into the knockout phase with the impressive record of seven goals scored, keeping clean sheets in all three group games. Their opponent was England]], fielding an equally strong team. Argentina took the lead with just six minutes played through Gabriel Batistuta from the penalty spot, only for Alan Shearer to equalize through the same means four minutes later. Six minutes after, youngster Michael Owen broke past Roberto Ayala to score a great individual effort, which was eventually cancelled out one minute into stoppage time after a free kick routine put Javier Zanetti through on goal to score, leaving the final result at 2\u20132 at the end of the first half. In the second half, England playmaker David Beckham was sent off after a kick on Simeone, with the scores remaining unchanged until the end of normal time and extra time. Argentina won 4\u20133 on penalties, after Ayala scored the decisive spot kick to book their quarter-final spot, where the Netherlands awaited them. The game was an equally fought match, with both sides scoring early goals; Patrick Kluivert netting after just 12 minutes and Claudio L\u00f3pez equalizing five minutes later.", "Gabriel Batistuta was also the leading scorer of the Copa with six goals. Apart from Batistuta, Sergio Goycochea, Leonardo Astrada, Claudio Caniggia, Diego Simeone (who wore the number 10 kit shirt), Dario Franco, Leo Rodr\u00edguez were some of the most notable Argentine players. In 1992, Argentina won the friendly tournament Kirin Cup (defeating Japan and Wales). Then, in October, the team won the King Fahd Cup, where they easily defeated Ivory Coast 4\u20130 in the semi-final and Saudi Arab 3\u20131 in the final game. On 24 February 1993, Maradona returned to the team when Argentina played the Artemio Franchi Trophy against Denmark in Mar del Plata. Argentina won 5\u20134 in a penalty shoot-out after a 1\u20131 draw. That same year, the national team also played the Copa Am\u00e9rica hosted by Ecuador, winning its second consecutive South American title. Maradona had returned to active football after being suspended due to the incident with drugs but Basile did not call him for the Cup, so Simeone wore the emblematic number 10 again. Argentina only drew the matches against Mexico and Colombia (both 1\u20131) and defeated Bolivia 1\u20130 to pass to the next stage. Argentina first eliminated Brazil for the second-straight time, (6\u20135 via penalty shootout after a 1\u20131 draw), then Colombia the same way (6\u20135 p.s.), arriving to the final game against Mexico, which the national team won 2\u20131, with two goals from Batistuta. Argentina achieved its 14th title, winning only two matches in normal time, the rest either in extra time or penalties. This is the last Copa Am\u00e9rica Argentina has won to date.", "List of international goals scored by Gabriel Batistuta Gabriel Batistuta is a former Argentine professional footballer who made 78 appearances for Argentina between 1991 and 2002. He is Argentina's second highest goalscorer only behind Lionel Messi. He scored 56 goals in 78 international matches, but two of Batistuta's goals were scored in a 6\u20130 friendly home win against the Slovakian youth team on 22 June 1995, in Mendoza, therefore, they are not recognized by the Argentine Football Association, although the match is recognized by FIFA. The following is a list of all the international goals he has scored:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What countries did Gabriel Batistuta reside in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, Batistuta was selected to play for Argentina in the Copa America held in Chile,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1dc0b98d05149bcacd718549f995e6b_0_q#2", "question": "Did he have a winning record?", "rewrite": "Did Gabriel Batistuta have a winning record?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Miroslav Klose, 34 years and 330 days Angelo Mattea, 38 years and 7 days, for Casale, in a 5\u20131 away loss to Ambrosiana on 28 October 1930 Francesco Totti, 23 Luca Toni (38 years, 2014\u201315) Gunnar Nordahl, 5 Gonzalo Higua\u00edn (36, 2015\u201316) Christian Vieri Oliver Bierhoff (15 out of 19, 1998\u201399) Gabriel Batistuta (13 consecutive Serie A games, 2 in 1992\u201393 and 11 in 1994\u201395 with Fiorentina) Gabriel Batistuta (in 1994\u201395, with Fiorentina) and Fabio Quagliarella (in 2018\u201319, with Sampdoria) (11 consecutive Serie A games) Gabriel Batistuta (in 1994\u201395, with Fiorentina) (11 consecutive Serie A games) Giuseppe Signori (from 17 May 1992 to 28 February 1993; 1 in 1991\u201392 with Foggia, and 9 in 1992\u201393 with Lazio) (10 consecutive Serie A away games with a goal) Cristiano Ronaldo (in 2018\u201319, with Juventus) and Giuseppe Signori (in 1992\u201393, with Lazio) (9 consecutive Serie A away games with a goal) Alessandro Del Piero (17 seasons) The following table shows the ten Italian players that have scored the most professional goals in total throughout their career, at both club and international level (excluding youth competitions). Players in bold are still active Franco Baresi and Riccardo Ferri (eight) The following table shows the goalkeepers that have longest consecutive run without conceding a goal in Serie A. Length column is in minutes. Players in bold are still active. Minutes in bold indicate an active run. Updated 28 September 2019 Players in bold are still active  Gianluigi Buffon, 294", "List of NFL playoff games This is a complete listing of National Football League (NFL) playoff games, grouped by franchise. Series featuring relocated teams are kept with their ultimate relocation franchises. Bolded years indicate wins. \" \"Years in italics\"\" indicate a pending playoff game. Tables are sorted first by the number of games, then the number of wins, and then by season .<br > \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"   \"Winning record vs. team\"", "Gabriel Batistuta was also the leading scorer of the Copa with six goals. Apart from Batistuta, Sergio Goycochea, Leonardo Astrada, Claudio Caniggia, Diego Simeone (who wore the number 10 kit shirt), Dario Franco, Leo Rodr\u00edguez were some of the most notable Argentine players. In 1992, Argentina won the friendly tournament Kirin Cup (defeating Japan and Wales). Then, in October, the team won the King Fahd Cup, where they easily defeated Ivory Coast 4\u20130 in the semi-final and Saudi Arab 3\u20131 in the final game. On 24 February 1993, Maradona returned to the team when Argentina played the Artemio Franchi Trophy against Denmark in Mar del Plata. Argentina won 5\u20134 in a penalty shoot-out after a 1\u20131 draw. That same year, the national team also played the Copa Am\u00e9rica hosted by Ecuador, winning its second consecutive South American title. Maradona had returned to active football after being suspended due to the incident with drugs but Basile did not call him for the Cup, so Simeone wore the emblematic number 10 again. Argentina only drew the matches against Mexico and Colombia (both 1\u20131) and defeated Bolivia 1\u20130 to pass to the next stage. Argentina first eliminated Brazil for the second-straight time, (6\u20135 via penalty shootout after a 1\u20131 draw), then Colombia the same way (6\u20135 p.s.), arriving to the final game against Mexico, which the national team won 2\u20131, with two goals from Batistuta. Argentina achieved its 14th title, winning only two matches in normal time, the rest either in extra time or penalties. This is the last Copa Am\u00e9rica Argentina has won to date.", "With Maradona officially retired, Argentina went into the tournament with high expectations, still fielding players from their previous tournament, with Gabriel Batistuta still a constant goalscoring threat and Diego Simeone remaining as the leading figure from the anchorman position. Drawn into Group H of the competition, their opponents consisted of Japan, Jamaica and Croatia. They began their campaign with a 1\u20130 victory over the Asian nation, following it up with a 5\u20130 demolition of the Caribbeans. Their third group game was against the Croatians, who had also confirmed qualification to the next round and ended with victory for the \"Albiceleste\" by 1\u20130. Argentina went into the knockout phase with the impressive record of seven goals scored, keeping clean sheets in all three group games. Their opponent was England]], fielding an equally strong team. Argentina took the lead with just six minutes played through Gabriel Batistuta from the penalty spot, only for Alan Shearer to equalize through the same means four minutes later. Six minutes after, youngster Michael Owen broke past Roberto Ayala to score a great individual effort, which was eventually cancelled out one minute into stoppage time after a free kick routine put Javier Zanetti through on goal to score, leaving the final result at 2\u20132 at the end of the first half. In the second half, England playmaker David Beckham was sent off after a kick on Simeone, with the scores remaining unchanged until the end of normal time and extra time. Argentina won 4\u20133 on penalties, after Ayala scored the decisive spot kick to book their quarter-final spot, where the Netherlands awaited them. The game was an equally fought match, with both sides scoring early goals; Patrick Kluivert netting after just 12 minutes and Claudio L\u00f3pez equalizing five minutes later.", "List of international goals scored by Gabriel Batistuta Gabriel Batistuta is a former Argentine professional footballer who made 78 appearances for Argentina between 1991 and 2002. He is Argentina's second highest goalscorer only behind Lionel Messi. He scored 56 goals in 78 international matches, but two of Batistuta's goals were scored in a 6\u20130 friendly home win against the Slovakian youth team on 22 June 1995, in Mendoza, therefore, they are not recognized by the Argentine Football Association, although the match is recognized by FIFA. The following is a list of all the international goals he has scored:"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What countries did Gabriel Batistuta reside in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, Batistuta was selected to play for Argentina in the Copa America held in Chile,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he reside in any other countries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c1dc0b98d05149bcacd718549f995e6b_0_q#3", "question": "Did he play for any other countries besides Argentina?", "rewrite": "Aside from Argentina, did Gabriel Batituta play for any other countries?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Amadora BD Amadora BD (formerly known as FIBDA) is an annual comic book festival held in Amadora, Portugal. Founded in 1989, it is considered the most important cartoon festival in Portugal and one of the most important European competitions. Generally, the show occurs over the course of three weeks in late October\u2013early November. The festival allows for the interaction between professionals and authors of different nationalities with the public, as well as holding public exhibitions, and a multitude of activities related to the \"Ninth art\" including panels and film showings. Since 2000, the festival is organized around an annual theme and each year awards prizes (\"Pr\u00e9mios Nacionais de Banda Desenhada\") to authors and publishers (including a \"\"Trof\u00e9u de Honra\"\" \u2014 \"Trophy of Honor\"). FIBDA (\"Festival Internacional de Banda Desenhada da Amadora\")'s first edition was in 1990, organized by the C\u00e2mara Municipal de Amadora. The first international guest was Belgian cartoonist Morris. Special guests of the eighth edition (1997) included Jean-Claude M\u00e9zi\u00e8res Pierre Christin, Fran\u00e7ois Schuiten, Beno\u00eet Peeters, Enki Bilal, Andr\u00e9 Juillard, Ted Beno\u00eet, Jean Van Hamme, Theo van den Boogaard, Kevin O'Neill, and Miguelanxo Prado. The eleventh edition of the show, held October 20\u2013November 5, 2000, was the first one with a theme: superheroes. Guests included Rick Veitch, Dave Gibbons, Peter David, Joe Kubert, Jerry Robinson, and Luke Ross. The 13th edition was held October 18\u2013November 3, 2002; Michael Dean of \"The Comics Journal\" made a presentation on the \"Century's Greatest Comics in the World\". Guests included Chris Ware.", "The last area of self-assessment Sedikides and Strube reviewed was whether participants would want to construct highly or less accurate tasks and if participants would be more persistent or more likely to succeed if they were taking part in highly or less accurate tasks. The review showed that participants would prefer to make highly accurate tasks which measured their abilities; however they will be more persistent in tasks which are lower in accuracy. The review also showed though that participants were more likely to succeed on tasks that they were told were high in accuracy. It is suggested that this is because when completing tasks that are highly accurate about a person's characteristics there is more to gain from succeeding in a task as it will therefore give more information about the person's characteristics than if it was low in accuracy. A wide view on approaches and practices on self-assessment of competence in Adult education is offered by a European project \"VINTAGE - online tool for self eValuatIoN of key competences in adulT AGE\" that reports a desk study focused on the acquisition and self-assessment of key competences in adult education in Italy, Austria, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands and Sweden. The VINTAGE self-assessment framework has been tested during seven parallel focus group sessions, in the six partner Countries, involving roughly hundred experts and practitioners at European level. The self-assessment procedure offers an innovative alternative to common knowledge based multiple-choice questionnaires to evaluate competences. It assigns an active role to the user, calling upon reflective abilities, self-assessment competences and self-responsibility. The procedure focuses on the Lifelong Learning approach, aiming to offer a tool for personal empowerment and development, rather than for solely selective or professional purposes. Vintage assessment framework focuses on actual behavior a person is demonstrating in a realistic context, or rather a reconstruction of a realistic context in a particular situation, evaluating the mastery level and the quality of the performance.", "Marion Ashmore  Marion Ashmore (born Roger Marion Ashmore) was a player in the National Football League. He played his first two seasons with the Milwaukee Badgers and the Duluth Eskimos before playing his final two with the Green Bay Packers.", "This chosen approach towards the assessment of learning outcomes and competences is as well supported by research that highlights the importance of the performance side in demonstrating (key) competence within the field of education and lifelong learning. It is a process that requires involvement and participation by the user and reflection, bringing into play meta-competences typical of the self-assessment process and therefore particularly suited to an adult context. Engaging the user in such an active and responsible way additionally improves the self-assessment competences and aims at raising motivation of the adult learner and supporting the idea of self-directness of lifelong learning. Five different clusters of the chosen key competence are presented. These clusters are well grounded in Vintage research considering projects and publications throughout European countries and Framework. After deciding for a cluster the user is presented a situation in which the key competence in the chosen domain is performed. Again situations, meant to be broad enough to apply to many common experiences, yet specific enough to identify what a performance in a certain key competence and domain requires, meant to refer to daily life settings, support the user in the reflective abilities to relate own experiences and performances to the described situations. Though self-assessment is one of the self-evaluation motives it could be suggested that it may not be the most popular one. Self-enhancement was displayed in each of the experiments conducted by Sedikides and self-assessment, and even self-verification to an extent was only displayed when it was teased out. This is not to say that self-assessment is not a self-evaluation motive, however most of the experiments conducted by Sedikides ended up with the participants reflecting on central traits rather than peripheral traits.", "Morris, the Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons, had a 14,000 vote majority at the 1992 election, and the seat was considered safe for the Conservatives. At the 2001 general election, Clarke held the seat with a majority of 885 votes over the Conservative candidate Shailesh Vara. However, Conservative Brian Binley took the seat with a majority of 4,419 at the May 2005 General Election. Clarke was regarded as a rebel and an anti-war MP. Despite his stance against the invasion of Iraq, on receiving a copy of a confidential memo between Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Tony Blair, and US President George W. Bush, he chose to report the leak to the police (to protect those in the theatre of war) rather than publicly expose what was said. From 2003 to 2005 he chaired the Northern Ireland Select Committee (Delegated Affairs) during the suspension of the NI Assembly. In May 2007, he was chosen by Northampton Labour Party to stand in the safe Labour Castle ward for the 3 May local elections. The decision created a split between the local Labour Party and the Labour party nationally and regionally, and the reasons have never been clear. It is speculated that the regional and national party forced Clarke out and selected their own candidate Tess Scott on an all women short list against the local party's wishes and outside of the Labour Party rules. They then selected Clarke and had three candidates for a two member ward before telling him he could not stand. As a result, Clarke decided to stand as an Independent and fight against the official Labour Party candidate in Castle ward, a decision which resulted in his expulsion from the Labour Party. Castle was a two-member ward but unusually Labour could only field one candidate."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What countries did Gabriel Batistuta reside in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1991, Batistuta was selected to play for Argentina in the Copa America held in Chile,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he reside in any other countries?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a winning record?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6a58ce686dc4bb99b710731ccc8ad33_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Jayan die?", "rewrite": "Where did Jayan die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.", "The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "In 2010, he signed with Greek club Panathinaikos, to a 2-year \u20ac1,620,000 euros gross income (\u20ac900,000 euros net income) contract. With Panathinaikos, Vougioukas won the EuroLeague and Greek League championships in 2011. He also won the Greek Cup title with Panathinaikos, in 2012. In July 2012, Vougioukas signed two-year deal with the Russian club UNICS Kazan, of the VTB United League. He signed a 2-year \u20ac2 million euros net income contract. In September 2014, Vougioukas signed a one-year deal with the Turkish club Galatasaray, of the Turkish Super League. In December 2014, he left Galatasaray. On February 26, 2015, he signed with ratiopharm Ulm of the German Bundesliga, for the rest of the season. On 8 September 2015, Vougioukas signed a one-year deal with the Lithuanian League club \u017dalgiris Kaunas. On 17 August 2016, Vougioukas signed a 1+1 deal with the Russian club Lokomotiv Kuban. On July 1, 2017, Lokomotiv officially opted out of their deal with Vougioukas. On July 4, 2017, Vougioukas returned to his former team, Panathinaikos, signing a 1+1 deal with them. He was later named the team's captain. On August 1, 2019, Vougioukas renewed his contract with Panathinaikos, signing once again a 1+1 deal. Vougioukas was a member of the junior Greek national basketball teams.", "In the late 1990s and early 21st century, there was a resurgence of Jayan's screen persona in Kerala and his old movie scenes came to prominence again. It was owed mostly to programs by popular mimicry stage artists in the State, whose imitations of the star's mannerisms caught on and soon became commonplace in college stage events, television programs and mimicry stage shows along with quotes of superhuman strength known as Jayan quotes. However, it has been pointed out that many grotesquely imitated screen dialogues of Jayan are not actually his, but that of dubbing artist Aleppey Ashraf, who dubbed for many of his characters after his death. The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death. Today, Jayan is best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms and unique speaking style. He has rightly won immortality in the hearts of the Malayalam film fans as a martyr in his yearning to thrill and entertain them even by putting his life at stake. Madhu, a famous actor prominent in the 1960s, once stated in an interview: \"Jayan will forever be young and alive. No one can ever visualise him as an old man.\" A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies. A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s."], "answer": {"text": "Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a6a58ce686dc4bb99b710731ccc8ad33_1_q#1", "question": "How did it happen?", "rewrite": "How did Jayan die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the late 1990s and early 21st century, there was a resurgence of Jayan's screen persona in Kerala and his old movie scenes came to prominence again. It was owed mostly to programs by popular mimicry stage artists in the State, whose imitations of the star's mannerisms caught on and soon became commonplace in college stage events, television programs and mimicry stage shows along with quotes of superhuman strength known as Jayan quotes. However, it has been pointed out that many grotesquely imitated screen dialogues of Jayan are not actually his, but that of dubbing artist Aleppey Ashraf, who dubbed for many of his characters after his death. The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death. Today, Jayan is best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms and unique speaking style. He has rightly won immortality in the hearts of the Malayalam film fans as a martyr in his yearning to thrill and entertain them even by putting his life at stake. Madhu, a famous actor prominent in the 1960s, once stated in an interview: \"Jayan will forever be young and alive. No one can ever visualise him as an old man.\" A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies. A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "In 2010, he signed with Greek club Panathinaikos, to a 2-year \u20ac1,620,000 euros gross income (\u20ac900,000 euros net income) contract. With Panathinaikos, Vougioukas won the EuroLeague and Greek League championships in 2011. He also won the Greek Cup title with Panathinaikos, in 2012. In July 2012, Vougioukas signed two-year deal with the Russian club UNICS Kazan, of the VTB United League. He signed a 2-year \u20ac2 million euros net income contract. In September 2014, Vougioukas signed a one-year deal with the Turkish club Galatasaray, of the Turkish Super League. In December 2014, he left Galatasaray. On February 26, 2015, he signed with ratiopharm Ulm of the German Bundesliga, for the rest of the season. On 8 September 2015, Vougioukas signed a one-year deal with the Lithuanian League club \u017dalgiris Kaunas. On 17 August 2016, Vougioukas signed a 1+1 deal with the Russian club Lokomotiv Kuban. On July 1, 2017, Lokomotiv officially opted out of their deal with Vougioukas. On July 4, 2017, Vougioukas returned to his former team, Panathinaikos, signing a 1+1 deal with them. He was later named the team's captain. On August 1, 2019, Vougioukas renewed his contract with Panathinaikos, signing once again a 1+1 deal. Vougioukas was a member of the junior Greek national basketball teams.", "Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous."], "answer": {"text": "an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (", "answer_start": 41}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Jayan die?", "answer": {"text": "Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6a58ce686dc4bb99b710731ccc8ad33_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any details on the accident?", "rewrite": "Are there any details regarding the death of Jayan on the set of the movie Kolilakkam?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "Garjanam  Garjanam () is a 1981 Malayalam-language Indian action film, directed by C. V. Rajendran, The film has Rajinikanth in the lead role, supported by Balan K. Nair, Madhavi and Sukumari. Jayan was the original lead actor of the film and had already shot some scenes. But because of his sudden and unexpected death, it was later completed with Rajinikanth. This was the second and last Malayalam movie of Rajinikanth. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi. \"Garjanam\" was the Malayalam version of the Tamil film \"Garjanai\" and the Kannada film \"Garjane\". All three versions were filmed simultaneously. Jayan was the original lead actor of \"Garjanam\". While half the film was shot, he met with an accident while shooting for another film \"Kolilakkam\" and succumbed to his injuries. After that, \"Garjanam\" was completed with Rajinikanth playing the same character. Some shots of Jayan were added to the film's opening reel before the credits at screenings in Kerala.", "Kolilakkam  Kolilakkam (\"\") is a 1981 Malayalam disaster drama film, written and directed by P. N. Sundaram, and starring Jayan. The film was a box office hit. The movie was a remake of the 1965 Hindi movie \"Waqt\". On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of \"Kolilakkam\". The climax scene of the film was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Jayan performed his own stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. Jayan insisted on another take as he was not satisfied. During the take, the pilot lost control and crashed the helicopter while Jayan was hanging below, leading to his death.", "Abhinayam Abhinayam is a 1981 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Baby. The film stars Jayan, Vidhubala, T Jayasree and Vanchiyoor Radha in the lead roles. The film has musical score by K. J. Yesudas and K. Raghavan. The film was produced by B. P. Moideen, whose life story was adapted into the film \"Ennu Ninte Moideen\" in 2015. During the filming of \"Abhinayam\", Jayan and Moideen became great friends and Jayan showed interest to make Moideen's life story as a film. Jayan wanted to play the character of Moideen and Moideen happily agreed to that. However, after a month, Jayan died in an accident while shooting for the film \"Kolilakkam\". Radha (Vidhubala) is a struggling drama artist living in a hut with her mentally unstable mother. Raghu (Jayan) is a recently widowed bank manager working in the same town. Raghu has a baby daughter who is being taken care by his in-laws who refuse to give him the custody of the child until he remarries. Raghu hatches a plan to get the custody of his baby daughter. He approaches Radha with a proposal to act as his wife for a few days in return of 5000 Rs. Raghu takes Radha to his village where they are received by his in-laws (Prathapachandran and Philomina). Raghu and Radha manages to convince his in-laws that they are married. Radha develops maternal feelings for Raghu's baby daughter. Raghu and Radha also develop feelings for each other. On returning to the town with the baby daughter, Radha reveals her heart to Raghu.", "On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (English: Shockwave). The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu. Jayan always performed his own stunts, and for this movie he was performing a particularly dangerous stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. The shot was accepted by the director in the first take; altogether three shots were filmed. According to the film's production executive, Jayan insisted on yet another re-take as he was not satisfied with its perfection. During the re-take, the helicopter lost its balance and crashed along with Jayan who was hanging onto the landing skids, and he later succumbed to his injuries. After his death was confirmed, a slide was added during the theatre show of his movie Deepam, which was running in packed houses, informing his death to the viewers who witnessed it with absolute shock and disbelief. A large number of his fans burst into tears and ran out of the buildings, while many continued to watch the movie, refusing to believe it and taking it for an ingenious promotion for some upcoming project. Jayan's body was taken to Trivandrum via aeroplane and later it was taken to his home in Quilon, where he was cremated. Thousands paid homage to the late actor, and the police had to take huge measures to deal with the crowds. His mother Bharathiyamma became bedridden after this incident, and she too died two years later. Some conspiracy theories emerged regarding the circumstances of his death, primarily because the pilot and his co-star Balan K. Nair, who was in the helicopter, survived with minor or no injuries. Nevertheless, it has been confirmed as a genuine accident."], "answer": {"text": "The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 110}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did Jayan die?", "answer": {"text": "Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it happen?", "answer": {"text": "an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6a58ce686dc4bb99b710731ccc8ad33_1_q#3", "question": "What was the scene about?", "rewrite": "What was the scene in Kolilakkam in which Jayan died about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (English: Shockwave). The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu. Jayan always performed his own stunts, and for this movie he was performing a particularly dangerous stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. The shot was accepted by the director in the first take; altogether three shots were filmed. According to the film's production executive, Jayan insisted on yet another re-take as he was not satisfied with its perfection. During the re-take, the helicopter lost its balance and crashed along with Jayan who was hanging onto the landing skids, and he later succumbed to his injuries. After his death was confirmed, a slide was added during the theatre show of his movie Deepam, which was running in packed houses, informing his death to the viewers who witnessed it with absolute shock and disbelief. A large number of his fans burst into tears and ran out of the buildings, while many continued to watch the movie, refusing to believe it and taking it for an ingenious promotion for some upcoming project. Jayan's body was taken to Trivandrum via aeroplane and later it was taken to his home in Quilon, where he was cremated. Thousands paid homage to the late actor, and the police had to take huge measures to deal with the crowds. His mother Bharathiyamma became bedridden after this incident, and she too died two years later. Some conspiracy theories emerged regarding the circumstances of his death, primarily because the pilot and his co-star Balan K. Nair, who was in the helicopter, survived with minor or no injuries. Nevertheless, it has been confirmed as a genuine accident.", "Garjanam  Garjanam () is a 1981 Malayalam-language Indian action film, directed by C. V. Rajendran, The film has Rajinikanth in the lead role, supported by Balan K. Nair, Madhavi and Sukumari. Jayan was the original lead actor of the film and had already shot some scenes. But because of his sudden and unexpected death, it was later completed with Rajinikanth. This was the second and last Malayalam movie of Rajinikanth. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi. \"Garjanam\" was the Malayalam version of the Tamil film \"Garjanai\" and the Kannada film \"Garjane\". All three versions were filmed simultaneously. Jayan was the original lead actor of \"Garjanam\". While half the film was shot, he met with an accident while shooting for another film \"Kolilakkam\" and succumbed to his injuries. After that, \"Garjanam\" was completed with Rajinikanth playing the same character. Some shots of Jayan were added to the film's opening reel before the credits at screenings in Kerala.", "Abhinayam Abhinayam is a 1981 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Baby. The film stars Jayan, Vidhubala, T Jayasree and Vanchiyoor Radha in the lead roles. The film has musical score by K. J. Yesudas and K. Raghavan. The film was produced by B. P. Moideen, whose life story was adapted into the film \"Ennu Ninte Moideen\" in 2015. During the filming of \"Abhinayam\", Jayan and Moideen became great friends and Jayan showed interest to make Moideen's life story as a film. Jayan wanted to play the character of Moideen and Moideen happily agreed to that. However, after a month, Jayan died in an accident while shooting for the film \"Kolilakkam\". Radha (Vidhubala) is a struggling drama artist living in a hut with her mentally unstable mother. Raghu (Jayan) is a recently widowed bank manager working in the same town. Raghu has a baby daughter who is being taken care by his in-laws who refuse to give him the custody of the child until he remarries. Raghu hatches a plan to get the custody of his baby daughter. He approaches Radha with a proposal to act as his wife for a few days in return of 5000 Rs. Raghu takes Radha to his village where they are received by his in-laws (Prathapachandran and Philomina). Raghu and Radha manages to convince his in-laws that they are married. Radha develops maternal feelings for Raghu's baby daughter. Raghu and Radha also develop feelings for each other. On returning to the town with the baby daughter, Radha reveals her heart to Raghu.", "Kolilakkam  Kolilakkam (\"\") is a 1981 Malayalam disaster drama film, written and directed by P. N. Sundaram, and starring Jayan. The film was a box office hit. The movie was a remake of the 1965 Hindi movie \"Waqt\". On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of \"Kolilakkam\". The climax scene of the film was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Jayan performed his own stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. Jayan insisted on another take as he was not satisfied. During the take, the pilot lost control and crashed the helicopter while Jayan was hanging below, leading to his death.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s."], "answer": {"text": "boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike.", "answer_start": 325}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Jayan die?", "answer": {"text": "Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it happen?", "answer": {"text": "an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any details on the accident?", "answer": {"text": "The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 110, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6a58ce686dc4bb99b710731ccc8ad33_1_q#4", "question": "Was this a stunt Jayan was performing?", "rewrite": "Was Jayan in the stunt boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike in the movie Kolilakam.?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (English: Shockwave). The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu. Jayan always performed his own stunts, and for this movie he was performing a particularly dangerous stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. The shot was accepted by the director in the first take; altogether three shots were filmed. According to the film's production executive, Jayan insisted on yet another re-take as he was not satisfied with its perfection. During the re-take, the helicopter lost its balance and crashed along with Jayan who was hanging onto the landing skids, and he later succumbed to his injuries. After his death was confirmed, a slide was added during the theatre show of his movie Deepam, which was running in packed houses, informing his death to the viewers who witnessed it with absolute shock and disbelief. A large number of his fans burst into tears and ran out of the buildings, while many continued to watch the movie, refusing to believe it and taking it for an ingenious promotion for some upcoming project. Jayan's body was taken to Trivandrum via aeroplane and later it was taken to his home in Quilon, where he was cremated. Thousands paid homage to the late actor, and the police had to take huge measures to deal with the crowds. His mother Bharathiyamma became bedridden after this incident, and she too died two years later. Some conspiracy theories emerged regarding the circumstances of his death, primarily because the pilot and his co-star Balan K. Nair, who was in the helicopter, survived with minor or no injuries. Nevertheless, it has been confirmed as a genuine accident.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s.", "Kolilakkam  Kolilakkam (\"\") is a 1981 Malayalam disaster drama film, written and directed by P. N. Sundaram, and starring Jayan. The film was a box office hit. The movie was a remake of the 1965 Hindi movie \"Waqt\". On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of \"Kolilakkam\". The climax scene of the film was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Jayan performed his own stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. Jayan insisted on another take as he was not satisfied. During the take, the pilot lost control and crashed the helicopter while Jayan was hanging below, leading to his death.", "Available in both the V40 and V40 Cross Country bodies, the D4 Drive E includes a four cylinder twin turbo diesel engine rated and , a six speed manual transmission tuned for improved fuel economy, pressure feedback from each fuel injector, reduced friction, and a smart valve solution on the cooling system for a more rapid heat up phase after a cold start. The T5 Drive-E includes a four cylinder turbo petrol engine rated and , with eight speed automatic transmission. These new engines replace the older, but identically branded, five cylinder engines. After introduction of the VEA D4 and T5, the 1.6 D2 and 2.0 five cylinder D3 are replaced with VEA 2.0 D2 and D3 engines. The 1.6 EcoBoost and 2.0 five cylinder are replaced with VEA 2.0 T2, T3, and T4 engines. For some petrol automatic models, a de stroked version of the VEA 2.0, with 1.5 litre displacement, is used for T2 and T3 The Cross Country is a version of the Volvo V40 with protective body panels, bigger wheels and tyres along with an increased ride height. Its T4 and T5 petrol variants feature Haldex Gen-5 All Wheel Drive as an option, along with hill descent control. The V40 Cross Country is equipped with more powerful engines than the regular V40 In June 2013, Volvo launched the V40 Cross Country in India, and is priced at Rs. 28.5 lakh. A facelifted V40 made an appearance. This new version of the V40 includes the Thor's hammer headlights on all variants of V40, as featured on the XC90 II, S90 II and V90 II. Also added the option opened for straw patterns on the interior seats.", "In the late 1990s and early 21st century, there was a resurgence of Jayan's screen persona in Kerala and his old movie scenes came to prominence again. It was owed mostly to programs by popular mimicry stage artists in the State, whose imitations of the star's mannerisms caught on and soon became commonplace in college stage events, television programs and mimicry stage shows along with quotes of superhuman strength known as Jayan quotes. However, it has been pointed out that many grotesquely imitated screen dialogues of Jayan are not actually his, but that of dubbing artist Aleppey Ashraf, who dubbed for many of his characters after his death. The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death. Today, Jayan is best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms and unique speaking style. He has rightly won immortality in the hearts of the Malayalam film fans as a martyr in his yearning to thrill and entertain them even by putting his life at stake. Madhu, a famous actor prominent in the 1960s, once stated in an interview: \"Jayan will forever be young and alive. No one can ever visualise him as an old man.\" A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies. A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future."], "answer": {"text": "Jayan always performed his own stunts,", "answer_start": 200}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Jayan die?", "answer": {"text": "Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it happen?", "answer": {"text": "an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any details on the accident?", "answer": {"text": "The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scene about?", "answer": {"text": "boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike.", "answer_start": 325, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6a58ce686dc4bb99b710731ccc8ad33_1_q#5", "question": "Was the film ever released?", "rewrite": "Was the Kolilakkam, the film where Jayan died on set, ever released?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Garjanam  Garjanam () is a 1981 Malayalam-language Indian action film, directed by C. V. Rajendran, The film has Rajinikanth in the lead role, supported by Balan K. Nair, Madhavi and Sukumari. Jayan was the original lead actor of the film and had already shot some scenes. But because of his sudden and unexpected death, it was later completed with Rajinikanth. This was the second and last Malayalam movie of Rajinikanth. The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja and the lyrics were written by Sreekumaran Thampi. \"Garjanam\" was the Malayalam version of the Tamil film \"Garjanai\" and the Kannada film \"Garjane\". All three versions were filmed simultaneously. Jayan was the original lead actor of \"Garjanam\". While half the film was shot, he met with an accident while shooting for another film \"Kolilakkam\" and succumbed to his injuries. After that, \"Garjanam\" was completed with Rajinikanth playing the same character. Some shots of Jayan were added to the film's opening reel before the credits at screenings in Kerala.", "Sarapancharam  Sarapancharam () is a 1979 Malayalam film written and directed by Hariharan, starring Jayan, Sheela, Sathaar, P. K. Abraham and Oduvil Unnikrishnan in major roles. It was released in the golden era of Jayan, a popular superstar of Malayalam cinema. He played the main villain role in the film. It was also one of the first notable films of Oduvil Unnikrishnan. The story line of the film is loosely based on D. H. Lawrence's 1928 novel \"Lady Chatterley's Lover\", though there are significant differences in plot and characterization. The film was the highest grossing Malayalam film of the year 1979. The story concerns a young married woman, Soudamini (Sheela), whose upper-class husband (P.K. Abraham) has been paralyzed and rendered impotent. Her sexual frustration leads her into an affair with the servant, Chandrasekharan (Jayan). She eventually gets married to him but later discovers that he has had relationship with many ladies and he aimed only at her wealth. She and her only daughter Baby (born from her first husband) are helpless as they are not able to put him out of their lives. Later, a young man named Prabhakaran, who is the son of an ex-servant of Soudamini, enters their life and helps them to get rid of Chandrasekharan. In the climax, Chandrasekharan is shot dead by Soudamini. This film was commercial success which strengthened the position of lead actor Jayan both as a villain and as a hero. This film also broke many box office records and was declared as the highest-grossing movie ever released until another Jayan film \"Angadi\" broke it.", "On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (English: Shockwave). The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu. Jayan always performed his own stunts, and for this movie he was performing a particularly dangerous stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. The shot was accepted by the director in the first take; altogether three shots were filmed. According to the film's production executive, Jayan insisted on yet another re-take as he was not satisfied with its perfection. During the re-take, the helicopter lost its balance and crashed along with Jayan who was hanging onto the landing skids, and he later succumbed to his injuries. After his death was confirmed, a slide was added during the theatre show of his movie Deepam, which was running in packed houses, informing his death to the viewers who witnessed it with absolute shock and disbelief. A large number of his fans burst into tears and ran out of the buildings, while many continued to watch the movie, refusing to believe it and taking it for an ingenious promotion for some upcoming project. Jayan's body was taken to Trivandrum via aeroplane and later it was taken to his home in Quilon, where he was cremated. Thousands paid homage to the late actor, and the police had to take huge measures to deal with the crowds. His mother Bharathiyamma became bedridden after this incident, and she too died two years later. Some conspiracy theories emerged regarding the circumstances of his death, primarily because the pilot and his co-star Balan K. Nair, who was in the helicopter, survived with minor or no injuries. Nevertheless, it has been confirmed as a genuine accident.", "Abhinayam Abhinayam is a 1981 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Baby. The film stars Jayan, Vidhubala, T Jayasree and Vanchiyoor Radha in the lead roles. The film has musical score by K. J. Yesudas and K. Raghavan. The film was produced by B. P. Moideen, whose life story was adapted into the film \"Ennu Ninte Moideen\" in 2015. During the filming of \"Abhinayam\", Jayan and Moideen became great friends and Jayan showed interest to make Moideen's life story as a film. Jayan wanted to play the character of Moideen and Moideen happily agreed to that. However, after a month, Jayan died in an accident while shooting for the film \"Kolilakkam\". Radha (Vidhubala) is a struggling drama artist living in a hut with her mentally unstable mother. Raghu (Jayan) is a recently widowed bank manager working in the same town. Raghu has a baby daughter who is being taken care by his in-laws who refuse to give him the custody of the child until he remarries. Raghu hatches a plan to get the custody of his baby daughter. He approaches Radha with a proposal to act as his wife for a few days in return of 5000 Rs. Raghu takes Radha to his village where they are received by his in-laws (Prathapachandran and Philomina). Raghu and Radha manages to convince his in-laws that they are married. Radha develops maternal feelings for Raghu's baby daughter. Raghu and Radha also develop feelings for each other. On returning to the town with the baby daughter, Radha reveals her heart to Raghu.", "Kolilakkam  Kolilakkam (\"\") is a 1981 Malayalam disaster drama film, written and directed by P. N. Sundaram, and starring Jayan. The film was a box office hit. The movie was a remake of the 1965 Hindi movie \"Waqt\". On 16 November 1980, Jayan was killed in an accident on the set of \"Kolilakkam\". The climax scene of the film was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Jayan performed his own stunt that involved him boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike. Jayan insisted on another take as he was not satisfied. During the take, the pilot lost control and crashed the helicopter while Jayan was hanging below, leading to his death."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Jayan die?", "answer": {"text": "Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it happen?", "answer": {"text": "an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any details on the accident?", "answer": {"text": "The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scene about?", "answer": {"text": "boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike.", "answer_start": 325, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a stunt Jayan was performing?", "answer": {"text": "Jayan always performed his own stunts,", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6a58ce686dc4bb99b710731ccc8ad33_1_q#6", "question": "What was the reaction to his death?", "rewrite": "What was the reaction to Jayan's death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Minnaminuginum Minnukettu Minnaminuginum Minnukettu is a 1995 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Thulasidas and produced by Mukesh R. Mehta. The film stars Jayaram, Shobhana, Thilakan and Kaviyoor Ponnamma in the lead roles. The film has musical score by S. P. Venkatesh. Jayan (Jayaram) is a happy-go-lucky type guy who leads comfortable life due to his wealthy father (Thilakan) and lives along with his father, mother (Kaviyoor Ponnamma) and sister (Chippy). He is always accompanied by his friend Unni (Jagadeesh) who doesn't have parents or relatives. But even though Jayan was a rebel type of guy, he always has kindness for the poor. Once such incident made him have a clash with Unnithan (Janardhanan), a wealthy contractor. But later Jayan finds that Unnithan and his father were great friends and that incident turns the way for a marriage proposal with Unnithan's daughter Radhika (Shobhana). Even though Jayan initially was disinterested in the proposal, he finally agreed to see Unnithan's daughter. When Jayan saw Radhika, he was set in a motionless state and his hands were shaking when Radhika offered the tea cup to him. There was a flashback story between Jayan and Radhika during their college lives. Suresh Menon (Mahesh), who was then the roommate of Jayan was in love with Radhika. Jayan finally took his proposal only to see him getting insulted and finally slapped by Radhika in front of her friends. This made Jayan set a trap for her.", "In the late 1990s and early 21st century, there was a resurgence of Jayan's screen persona in Kerala and his old movie scenes came to prominence again. It was owed mostly to programs by popular mimicry stage artists in the State, whose imitations of the star's mannerisms caught on and soon became commonplace in college stage events, television programs and mimicry stage shows along with quotes of superhuman strength known as Jayan quotes. However, it has been pointed out that many grotesquely imitated screen dialogues of Jayan are not actually his, but that of dubbing artist Aleppey Ashraf, who dubbed for many of his characters after his death. The \"comeback\" of Jayan and his renewed popularity lately may be taken as an affirmation that Jayan has not been replaced even nearly three decades after his death. Today, Jayan is best remembered as the first and best action star of Malayalam cinema, so far, besides his trademark colourful attire, risky stunts, machismo mannerisms and unique speaking style. He has rightly won immortality in the hearts of the Malayalam film fans as a martyr in his yearning to thrill and entertain them even by putting his life at stake. Madhu, a famous actor prominent in the 1960s, once stated in an interview: \"Jayan will forever be young and alive. No one can ever visualise him as an old man.\" A film titled Avatharam presently under production, is attempting to bring back his screen persona using advanced technologies. A documentary on Jayan's life and death Jayan - The Man behind the Legend is nearing completion for release in the near future.", "The next day he and his friend went to her college and they said sorry in front of the whole college for what they have done. This cools Radhika and they became friends. During one of their meetings, Jayan asks for help from Radhika. Suresh and Lathika (a girl) who was a friend to Radhika was about to get married. But their families didn't agree for that proposal. So Radhika could help them get married by signing as one of the witnesses during their marriage. Radhika agreed and she came to the office only to sign the bride's column of her marriage with Suresh, which was the trap made by Jayan. With his money, he overcame all the legal issues that came during that way as it was illegal way of marriage. This also did not calm Jayan. The next day he and his friend played the climax of their scripted cruel drama only to make Radhika realize that it was cunning plan set by Jayan. She was deeply insulted. Jayan feared that this marriage proposal was a plan by Radhika to avenge for what he has done. Radhika assures Jayan that she has forgotten their past issues and genuinely wants to continue with this marriage as her father wishes it. Radhika wins Jayan's trust and the duo gets married. After marriage, Radhika confesses that she was tricking him into a marriage as she wants to avenge for his deeds. Radhika tortures him in all possible ways, but the couple hides it in front of their families. Jayan, though he wanted to get rid of Radhika, eventually realises that he had actually fallen for Radhika amidst their cat fights. When Jayan's childhood friend Pinky comes, Jayan's closeness with Pinky makes Radhika jealous.", "Mimics sector was going through a period of stagnation with washed up ideas and worn out programs and at one point of time, was even facing a threat of dying out. It was during this crisis period that some groups decided to exploit Jayan's image and devised impersonations & skits based on Jayan persona which became instant hits giving rise to full scale commercialisation of the persona which was presented as a comic superhero who frequently delivered signature quotes demonstrating superhuman strength. Jayan quotes follow a unique pattern in that these are dialogues which are almost always in first person (unlike other trending factoids & jokes which are in third person). These dialogues are depicted as being said by Jayan or the person in the Jayan persona (although the actor has never uttered a single such quote in his lifetime). All known Jayan quotes are originally in Malayalam language which are translated to English in this article. Most of the quotes follow a general format; If there was \"this\", could've turned into \"that\" or If \"this\" was available, (I) could've done \"that\". For example, a popular Jayan quote is \"If there was a football field with four wells, could've played a game of carrom\". There are also quotes which do not follow this general rule such as another quote which says: \" What? the money purse in my pocket was actually a cement bag?\" The voice style used to say Jayan quotes actually come from the style of dialogue delivery in Jayan films released after the actor's death in which the voice was dubbed by Alleppey Ashraf, a popular mimicry artist of the time. Although the tone does resemble Jayan's original sound, the voice imitated widely in mimics programs and grotesquely used style is that of Alleppey Ashraf.", "Jayan quotes Jayan quotes (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d1a\u0d4a\u0d32\u0d4d\u0d32\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) or Jayan dialogues (\u0d1c\u0d2f\u0d7b \u0d21\u0d2f\u0d32\u0d4b\u0d17\u0d41\u0d15\u0d7e) are satirical quotes of superhuman strength in Malayalam that are based on the late action star Jayan who was a famed stunt performer during his movie career. Jayan worked in malayalam cinema, a sector of the Indian movie industry based in Kerala and was a highly popular stunt actor of his time. Jayan quotes began as an internet & sms phenomenon amongst malayalees around the world in the early 2000s as part of the Jayan phenomenon & resurgence which started in the late 1990s. These satirical quotes are the first known collection of its kind from anywhere in the world (other factoids like those on Chuck Norris, Kyle Katarn, Rajnikanth, Dharmendra etc. emerged later after 2004). Soon the quotes attained mainstream popularity and have become an integral part of popular culture in Kerala. The idea behind the origin of the quotes can be traced back to the action thrillers of the late 1970s in Malayalam which were filled with high risk stunt performances from Jayan who seldom relied on stunt doubles. Through such monumental stunt feats, his machismo image, masculine base voice and unique attire like elvis bellbottoms, Jayan had attained a reallife superhero image at the peak of his career. After his death in a helicopter accident while performing a stunt, these gradually paved way to the actor transforming into a legend over time while the fascination towards his image & style remained dormant in later generations, eventually giving rise to his persona's depiction as a comic superhero and in the process, the Jayan quotes. Jayan quotes is related to the popularity of mimicry, an artform of imitation, comedy skits and impersonation, which gained mainstream fame among malayalee communities in the 1990s."], "answer": {"text": "A large number of his fans burst into tears and ran out of the buildings,", "answer_start": 982}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Jayan die?", "answer": {"text": "Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did it happen?", "answer": {"text": "an accident on the set of the movie Kolilakkam (", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any details on the accident?", "answer": {"text": "The climactic scene of the movie was being filmed in Sholavaram, near Madras, Tamil Nadu.", "answer_start": 110, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the scene about?", "answer": {"text": "boarding an airborne helicopter from a moving motorbike.", "answer_start": 325, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a stunt Jayan was performing?", "answer": {"text": "Jayan always performed his own stunts,", "answer_start": 200, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the film ever released?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "rewrite": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jim Sullivan (writer) James Sullivan born 1978 is a British television screenwriter. He is a son of John Sullivan, writer of a number of British sitcoms, but most notably \"Only Fools and Horses\", its spin-off \"The Green Green Grass\" and prequel \"Rock & Chips\". Sullivan wrote seven episodes for his late father's \"Only Fools and Horses\" spin-off, \"The Green Green Grass\". Sullivan helped write the Only Fools and Horses Sport Relief special in 2014 alongside his brother Dan Sullivan by incorporating some of their late father's old notes and bits of dialogue for the show that he never found a place for. Sullivan wrote \"He Who Dares...\", a fictional autobiography, that was released by Ebury Press in October 2015. Sullivan, alongside Rod Green, also wrote \"Only Fools and Horses: The Peckham Archives\", that was released by Ebury Press in August 2017. Sullivan announced in July 2018 that he had written \" You Know It Makes Sense, Lessons From The Derek Trotter School of Business (And Life)\". It was released by Ebury Press in November 2018. Sullivan announced in July 2018 that he and Paul Whitehouse had written \"Only Fools and Horses The Musical\", which launched on 9 February 2019 at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, London.", "Changes leading up to and after this period included the French Quarter region losing Bonfamille's Cafe table-service restaurant, bike rentals, and boat rentals. French Quarter region guests had to use the larger facilities in the Riverside region. Bonfamille's Cafe is now only used occasionally as a meeting space for food and beverage management, and a training facility. Bonfamille's Cafe's kitchen is Disney World's test kitchen. Other theme changes included Colonel's Cotton Mill food court becoming Riverside Mill. In 2011, Disney transformed about a quarter of the 2,000 rooms in the \"Riverside\" section of Disney's Port Orleans Resort into the \"Royal Guest Rooms.\" Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside has a recreation area called Ol' Man Island, which houses the resort's feature swimming pool with a large rustic saw-mill themed water slide and a hot tub. The island also contains a children's playground and the Fishin' Hole, where guests can rent cane fishing poles and bait for a small fee. There are also five smaller \"quiet\" swimming pools at Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside, three located within the Alligator Bayou section, and two in the Magnolia Bend area. Riverside has a marina where guests can rent bicycles or surrey bikes. Rental of personal watercraft was discontinued in early 2014 from all Disney moderate-level resorts, including Riverside. Horse-drawn carriage rides are available in the evening. Disney's Port Orleans Resort French Quarter features the Doubloon Lagoon swimming pool, which has a sea serpent-themed water slide named Scales that is jockeyed by King Neptune. This area also includes a hot tub and a children's playground. At Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside is the Riverside Mill Food Court, a quick service food location where guests can select an entree from several different counters.", "Disney's Port Orleans Resort Disney's Port Orleans Resort \u2013 French Quarter and Disney's Port Orleans Resort \u2013 Riverside are a pair of resort hotels located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The two hotels are themed to look like New Orleans and the Old South. Both resorts are located in the Disney Springs area and owned and operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. The two resorts are connected to each other and Disney Springs via the Sassagoula River. They are jointly the largest resort on the Walt Disney World property by room total, with over 3000 rooms between them. The Riverside section alone is the second-largest resort in Walt Disney World. Disney's Port Orleans Resort French Quarter was designed to reflect the style and architecture of New Orleans' French Quarter. The resort opened on May 17, 1991 as Disney's Port Orleans Resort with 432 guest rooms in three guest buildings, and expanded to its current 1,008 rooms in seven three-story guest buildings containing 144 rooms each. Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside was designed to reflect the antebellum south along the Mississippi River. The resort opened on February 2, 1992 as Disney's Dixie Landings Resort, initially with rooms located in its Alligator Bayou section. Shortly afterward the remaining Magnolia Bend section was opened. Alligator Bayou has 1,024 guest rooms over 16 buildings styled as rustic, weathered lodges, with 64 rooms per lodge. Magnolia Bend has 1,024 guest rooms over four buildings styled as southern plantation grand manor homes, with 256 rooms per mansion. Beginning March 1, 2001, road signage and other theming began to change, reflecting the Disney's Port Orleans Resort and Disney's Dixie Landings Resort properties becoming \"regions\" of a united Disney's Port Orleans Resort. As of April 1, 2001, the regions became French Quarter and Riverside.", "Andrew Sullivan (basketball) Andrew Sullivan (born 12 February 1980) is a British professional basketball player. He plays for the Leicester Riders and is the Captain of the Great Britain national team. The only child of Eunice Sullivan, Andrew moved from his London home to the United States in 1996 where he attended St. Augustine Preparatory School, in Richland, New Jersey. In his prep career he scored 1,368 points, averaging 19.8 PPG as a senior. Coached by Paul Rodio his team had a 24-6 record and he was named in the first team all-state as well as being voted as South Jersey Player of the Year 1999. In 1999, Andrew enrolled in the School of Arts & Sciences at Villanova University, home of the Wildcats basketball team, from where he graduated in 2003. The gifted athlete was Villanova\u2019s most versatile defender and could guard four positions. The point forward (he has played both point guard but more predominantly power forward) is able to run the floor well and his long arms and quick feet make him a strong rebounder. Sullivan took to his first season with the Wildcats in 1999-2000, on his debut chipping in with three rebounds and tough defense in seven minutes against Lafayette, and later the freshman converted his first career points with a 3-point shot from the top of the key in the first half against Fairleigh Dickinson. He tied a career high with seven points in 12 minutes in 67-66 loss to Miami on 17 January 2000 and three days later grabbed five rebounds and scored five points in 66-57 win at Providence. Overall it was a successful rookie season for the Englishman, in which another highlight unfolded when he made several spectacular plays in 86-69 win over Notre Dame, ending the night with seven points and five rebounds in 14 minutes of activity.", "John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 \u2013 May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902. Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts."], "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#1", "question": "when was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Andrew Sullivan born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 \u2013 May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902. Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts.", "Disney's Port Orleans Resort Disney's Port Orleans Resort \u2013 French Quarter and Disney's Port Orleans Resort \u2013 Riverside are a pair of resort hotels located at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. The two hotels are themed to look like New Orleans and the Old South. Both resorts are located in the Disney Springs area and owned and operated by Disney Parks, Experiences and Products. The two resorts are connected to each other and Disney Springs via the Sassagoula River. They are jointly the largest resort on the Walt Disney World property by room total, with over 3000 rooms between them. The Riverside section alone is the second-largest resort in Walt Disney World. Disney's Port Orleans Resort French Quarter was designed to reflect the style and architecture of New Orleans' French Quarter. The resort opened on May 17, 1991 as Disney's Port Orleans Resort with 432 guest rooms in three guest buildings, and expanded to its current 1,008 rooms in seven three-story guest buildings containing 144 rooms each. Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside was designed to reflect the antebellum south along the Mississippi River. The resort opened on February 2, 1992 as Disney's Dixie Landings Resort, initially with rooms located in its Alligator Bayou section. Shortly afterward the remaining Magnolia Bend section was opened. Alligator Bayou has 1,024 guest rooms over 16 buildings styled as rustic, weathered lodges, with 64 rooms per lodge. Magnolia Bend has 1,024 guest rooms over four buildings styled as southern plantation grand manor homes, with 256 rooms per mansion. Beginning March 1, 2001, road signage and other theming began to change, reflecting the Disney's Port Orleans Resort and Disney's Dixie Landings Resort properties becoming \"regions\" of a united Disney's Port Orleans Resort. As of April 1, 2001, the regions became French Quarter and Riverside.", "Andrew Sullivan (basketball) Andrew Sullivan (born 12 February 1980) is a British professional basketball player. He plays for the Leicester Riders and is the Captain of the Great Britain national team. The only child of Eunice Sullivan, Andrew moved from his London home to the United States in 1996 where he attended St. Augustine Preparatory School, in Richland, New Jersey. In his prep career he scored 1,368 points, averaging 19.8 PPG as a senior. Coached by Paul Rodio his team had a 24-6 record and he was named in the first team all-state as well as being voted as South Jersey Player of the Year 1999. In 1999, Andrew enrolled in the School of Arts & Sciences at Villanova University, home of the Wildcats basketball team, from where he graduated in 2003. The gifted athlete was Villanova\u2019s most versatile defender and could guard four positions. The point forward (he has played both point guard but more predominantly power forward) is able to run the floor well and his long arms and quick feet make him a strong rebounder. Sullivan took to his first season with the Wildcats in 1999-2000, on his debut chipping in with three rebounds and tough defense in seven minutes against Lafayette, and later the freshman converted his first career points with a 3-point shot from the top of the key in the first half against Fairleigh Dickinson. He tied a career high with seven points in 12 minutes in 67-66 loss to Miami on 17 January 2000 and three days later grabbed five rebounds and scored five points in 66-57 win at Providence. Overall it was a successful rookie season for the Englishman, in which another highlight unfolded when he made several spectacular plays in 86-69 win over Notre Dame, ending the night with seven points and five rebounds in 14 minutes of activity.", "Changes leading up to and after this period included the French Quarter region losing Bonfamille's Cafe table-service restaurant, bike rentals, and boat rentals. French Quarter region guests had to use the larger facilities in the Riverside region. Bonfamille's Cafe is now only used occasionally as a meeting space for food and beverage management, and a training facility. Bonfamille's Cafe's kitchen is Disney World's test kitchen. Other theme changes included Colonel's Cotton Mill food court becoming Riverside Mill. In 2011, Disney transformed about a quarter of the 2,000 rooms in the \"Riverside\" section of Disney's Port Orleans Resort into the \"Royal Guest Rooms.\" Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside has a recreation area called Ol' Man Island, which houses the resort's feature swimming pool with a large rustic saw-mill themed water slide and a hot tub. The island also contains a children's playground and the Fishin' Hole, where guests can rent cane fishing poles and bait for a small fee. There are also five smaller \"quiet\" swimming pools at Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside, three located within the Alligator Bayou section, and two in the Magnolia Bend area. Riverside has a marina where guests can rent bicycles or surrey bikes. Rental of personal watercraft was discontinued in early 2014 from all Disney moderate-level resorts, including Riverside. Horse-drawn carriage rides are available in the evening. Disney's Port Orleans Resort French Quarter features the Doubloon Lagoon swimming pool, which has a sea serpent-themed water slide named Scales that is jockeyed by King Neptune. This area also includes a hot tub and a children's playground. At Disney's Port Orleans Resort Riverside is the Riverside Mill Food Court, a quick service food location where guests can select an entree from several different counters.", "Jim Sullivan (writer) James Sullivan born 1978 is a British television screenwriter. He is a son of John Sullivan, writer of a number of British sitcoms, but most notably \"Only Fools and Horses\", its spin-off \"The Green Green Grass\" and prequel \"Rock & Chips\". Sullivan wrote seven episodes for his late father's \"Only Fools and Horses\" spin-off, \"The Green Green Grass\". Sullivan helped write the Only Fools and Horses Sport Relief special in 2014 alongside his brother Dan Sullivan by incorporating some of their late father's old notes and bits of dialogue for the show that he never found a place for. Sullivan wrote \"He Who Dares...\", a fictional autobiography, that was released by Ebury Press in October 2015. Sullivan, alongside Rod Green, also wrote \"Only Fools and Horses: The Peckham Archives\", that was released by Ebury Press in August 2017. Sullivan announced in July 2018 that he had written \" You Know It Makes Sense, Lessons From The Derek Trotter School of Business (And Life)\". It was released by Ebury Press in November 2018. Sullivan announced in July 2018 that he and Paul Whitehouse had written \"Only Fools and Horses The Musical\", which launched on 9 February 2019 at the Theatre Royal Haymarket, London."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#2", "question": "who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Andrew Sullivan's parents?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Sullivan (Wisconsin politician) Andrew Sullivan was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1848 session. Sullivan represented the 5th District of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. He was a Democrat.", "Andrew Sullivan (basketball) Andrew Sullivan (born 12 February 1980) is a British professional basketball player. He plays for the Leicester Riders and is the Captain of the Great Britain national team. The only child of Eunice Sullivan, Andrew moved from his London home to the United States in 1996 where he attended St. Augustine Preparatory School, in Richland, New Jersey. In his prep career he scored 1,368 points, averaging 19.8 PPG as a senior. Coached by Paul Rodio his team had a 24-6 record and he was named in the first team all-state as well as being voted as South Jersey Player of the Year 1999. In 1999, Andrew enrolled in the School of Arts & Sciences at Villanova University, home of the Wildcats basketball team, from where he graduated in 2003. The gifted athlete was Villanova\u2019s most versatile defender and could guard four positions. The point forward (he has played both point guard but more predominantly power forward) is able to run the floor well and his long arms and quick feet make him a strong rebounder. Sullivan took to his first season with the Wildcats in 1999-2000, on his debut chipping in with three rebounds and tough defense in seven minutes against Lafayette, and later the freshman converted his first career points with a 3-point shot from the top of the key in the first half against Fairleigh Dickinson. He tied a career high with seven points in 12 minutes in 67-66 loss to Miami on 17 January 2000 and three days later grabbed five rebounds and scored five points in 66-57 win at Providence. Overall it was a successful rookie season for the Englishman, in which another highlight unfolded when he made several spectacular plays in 86-69 win over Notre Dame, ending the night with seven points and five rebounds in 14 minutes of activity.", "King Niko King Niko is an indie rock band from Salt Lake City, Utah, composed of Benjamin Moffat (guitar), Ransom Wydner (vocals), Timothy Rawcliffe (bass), Zachary Sloan (drums) and Reid Laitinen (keys). King Niko has played with bands like Loverboy, Rooney, Say Anything, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Switchfoot, Anberlin, Grouplove, Neon Trees and Panic! at the Disco. King Niko first got together in April 2009 when guitarist Benjamin Moffat decided he wanted to start a dance-rock band that would \"make chicks dance. \" Moffat recruited fellow Salt Lake City musicians Tim Rawcliffe and Zachary Sloan, with whom he had played in other bands, and Ransom Wydner who he knew through a relative. After their first practice, the band decided that they wanted a more modern feel and brought on Andrew Sullivan to play keys. King Niko's first performance was May 20, 2009. Their first EP, \"Gorgeous and Gory,\" was recorded in August 2009 and released in October 2009. The song \"Katrina Sleepover\" became popular on Salt Lake City's largest rock radio station, X96, and the band was offered an opening spot for Say Anything and 30 Seconds to Mars that November. King Niko played a number of high-profile shows in 2010 before recording their second release, \"The French Accent EP,\" which experienced similar radio success and was well-reviewed by local media. In August 2010, Andrew Sullivan decided to leave the band and was replaced on keys by Reid Laitinen. In February 2011 King Niko was named the 2011 City Weekly Music Awards Band of The Year by Salt Lake City Weekly. This title got the attention of Rockfish Records who offered King Niko a recording and distribution deal for their song \"Intentions\" as part of a promotion agreement. \"", "John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 \u2013 May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902. Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts.", "A Union in Wait A Union in Wait is a 2001 documentary film about same-sex marriage directed by Ryan Butler. It was the first documentary about same-sex marriage to air on national television in the United States. Susan Parker and Wendy Scott are members of Wake Forest Baptist Church. In 1997 the couple decided they wanted to have a union ceremony in Wake Forest University's Wait Chapel, but the traditionally Baptist university told them no. Susan Parker, Wendy Scott, their church, and many others joined together to fight the school's decision in what would become a controversy that divided a community in North Carolina and made national headlines. The film includes interviews with Andrew Sullivan, Barney Frank, Robert Knight, Jimmy Creech, Fred Phelps, Candace Gingrich, Wake Forest University students, and local ministers. The film was shot primarily in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, on the campus of Wake Forest University; but portions of the film were shot in Washington, D.C., at the Millennium March on Washington, Family Research Council headquarters, and Andrew Sullivan's house. In 2001, the Sundance Channel licensed the film for television in the United States. \" A Union In Wait\" was also shown at numerous festivals around the world and distributed on video by Frameline. In 2015 Amazon Video made the film available online. Susan Parker (M.Div.) now serves as the Associate Pastor of Wake Forest Baptist Church. Ryan Butler worked as a television editor in Washington, DC after the release of \"A Union In Wait\" for WJLA-TV, National Geographic Channel and CNN. He was also elected to the Advisory Neighborhood Commission in Washington, DC. In 2009 he moved back to North Carolina where he is now working for the North Carolina General Assembly."], "answer": {"text": "a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent,", "answer_start": 50}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#3", "question": "did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Sullivan have any siblings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 \u2013 May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902. Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts.", "BBL Most Valuable Player Award The British Basketball League Most Valuable Player award is an annual award of the United Kingdom's top professional basketball league, the British Basketball League. It is awarded to the league's top performing player throughout the duration of the season. The award is decided by a panel consisting of each of the League\u2019s team's head coaches who submit one vote each at the end of the regular season, and the player with the most votes is presented with the award. Only on one occasion - the 2006\u20132007 season - has the award been shared between two players (Jeff Bonds and Brian Dux) due to a tie in the voting. Four players - Alton Byrd, Tony Dorsey, Trey Moore and Andrew Sullivan - have won the award twice, whilst only three British-born players have won the award, namely Roger Huggins, Andrew Sullivan, and Justin Robinson.", "Andrew Sullivan (basketball) Andrew Sullivan (born 12 February 1980) is a British professional basketball player. He plays for the Leicester Riders and is the Captain of the Great Britain national team. The only child of Eunice Sullivan, Andrew moved from his London home to the United States in 1996 where he attended St. Augustine Preparatory School, in Richland, New Jersey. In his prep career he scored 1,368 points, averaging 19.8 PPG as a senior. Coached by Paul Rodio his team had a 24-6 record and he was named in the first team all-state as well as being voted as South Jersey Player of the Year 1999. In 1999, Andrew enrolled in the School of Arts & Sciences at Villanova University, home of the Wildcats basketball team, from where he graduated in 2003. The gifted athlete was Villanova\u2019s most versatile defender and could guard four positions. The point forward (he has played both point guard but more predominantly power forward) is able to run the floor well and his long arms and quick feet make him a strong rebounder. Sullivan took to his first season with the Wildcats in 1999-2000, on his debut chipping in with three rebounds and tough defense in seven minutes against Lafayette, and later the freshman converted his first career points with a 3-point shot from the top of the key in the first half against Fairleigh Dickinson. He tied a career high with seven points in 12 minutes in 67-66 loss to Miami on 17 January 2000 and three days later grabbed five rebounds and scored five points in 66-57 win at Providence. Overall it was a successful rookie season for the Englishman, in which another highlight unfolded when he made several spectacular plays in 86-69 win over Notre Dame, ending the night with seven points and five rebounds in 14 minutes of activity.", "A Union in Wait A Union in Wait is a 2001 documentary film about same-sex marriage directed by Ryan Butler. It was the first documentary about same-sex marriage to air on national television in the United States. Susan Parker and Wendy Scott are members of Wake Forest Baptist Church. In 1997 the couple decided they wanted to have a union ceremony in Wake Forest University's Wait Chapel, but the traditionally Baptist university told them no. Susan Parker, Wendy Scott, their church, and many others joined together to fight the school's decision in what would become a controversy that divided a community in North Carolina and made national headlines. The film includes interviews with Andrew Sullivan, Barney Frank, Robert Knight, Jimmy Creech, Fred Phelps, Candace Gingrich, Wake Forest University students, and local ministers. The film was shot primarily in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, on the campus of Wake Forest University; but portions of the film were shot in Washington, D.C., at the Millennium March on Washington, Family Research Council headquarters, and Andrew Sullivan's house. In 2001, the Sundance Channel licensed the film for television in the United States. \" A Union In Wait\" was also shown at numerous festivals around the world and distributed on video by Frameline. In 2015 Amazon Video made the film available online. Susan Parker (M.Div.) now serves as the Associate Pastor of Wake Forest Baptist Church. Ryan Butler worked as a television editor in Washington, DC after the release of \"A Union In Wait\" for WJLA-TV, National Geographic Channel and CNN. He was also elected to the Advisory Neighborhood Commission in Washington, DC. In 2009 he moved back to North Carolina where he is now working for the North Carolina General Assembly.", "Andrew Sullivan (Wisconsin politician) Andrew Sullivan was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1848 session. Sullivan represented the 5th District of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. He was a Democrat."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent,", "answer_start": 50, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#4", "question": "where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Andrew Sullivan go to school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew Sullivan (basketball) Andrew Sullivan (born 12 February 1980) is a British professional basketball player. He plays for the Leicester Riders and is the Captain of the Great Britain national team. The only child of Eunice Sullivan, Andrew moved from his London home to the United States in 1996 where he attended St. Augustine Preparatory School, in Richland, New Jersey. In his prep career he scored 1,368 points, averaging 19.8 PPG as a senior. Coached by Paul Rodio his team had a 24-6 record and he was named in the first team all-state as well as being voted as South Jersey Player of the Year 1999. In 1999, Andrew enrolled in the School of Arts & Sciences at Villanova University, home of the Wildcats basketball team, from where he graduated in 2003. The gifted athlete was Villanova\u2019s most versatile defender and could guard four positions. The point forward (he has played both point guard but more predominantly power forward) is able to run the floor well and his long arms and quick feet make him a strong rebounder. Sullivan took to his first season with the Wildcats in 1999-2000, on his debut chipping in with three rebounds and tough defense in seven minutes against Lafayette, and later the freshman converted his first career points with a 3-point shot from the top of the key in the first half against Fairleigh Dickinson. He tied a career high with seven points in 12 minutes in 67-66 loss to Miami on 17 January 2000 and three days later grabbed five rebounds and scored five points in 66-57 win at Providence. Overall it was a successful rookie season for the Englishman, in which another highlight unfolded when he made several spectacular plays in 86-69 win over Notre Dame, ending the night with seven points and five rebounds in 14 minutes of activity.", "The romance between Sullivan and Merit really picks up at this point. They stop by and pick up a world-famous Chicago pizza. They take it back to Sullivan's room and open a bottle of wine. Merit has no thoughts in her mind about what is about to happen. They are enjoying the pizza when talk turns to how Sullivan put his life in danger for Merit. Talk leads to them finally sleeping together. That night everything is perfect between Merit and Sullivan. It's the next day that ruins everything. The next day, Merit and Sullivan go to yet another shifter meeting. It is there that Merit encounters a rough shifter. The shifter starts to pick a fight with Merit. He starts to physically attack her when Sullivan steps in with a little to much power. This does not help the matters between shifters and vampires. The two leave shortly after the encounter. On the way home, Sullivan tells Merit that he can no longer have a personal relationship with her. Things are too complicated between the two of them. Sullivan is the leader of the House and needs to protect all of the vampires there. But Merit makes him only want to protect her. Ethan suggests that everything must be strictly professional between them. Things get to be a little crazy between Merit and Sullivan. There is constant tension between the two. The day after the break-up, Sullivan's old mistress Lacey Sheridan shows up. This causes Merit to be pushed more towards the secret vampire society that Sullivan despises. Finally the day comes where the shifters decide to stay in Chicago. A number of different instances of violence come up. Merit helps put them to an end, but Sullivan speaks about his feelings towards Merit. Merit will have nothing to do with it. She tells him to stop. They are after all working strictly professional. The night ends, and Keene remains alive. The next day, Sullivan is hosting a party for their guest Sheridan.", "Suburban World Newspapers  Suburban World Newspapers, based in Needham, Massachusetts, United States, was a privately owned publisher of seven weekly newspapers in the suburbs west of Boston in the 1980s and 1990s. The \"Boston Herald\" bought the company in 2001 and dissolved it into Community Newspaper Company, the largest weeklies publisher in Massachusetts. After the sale, Suburban World's two youngest newspapers were closed, while the others remain part of CNC, now owned by GateHouse Media. Newspaper publisher William Barrett founded Suburban World in 1978 after purchasing four newspapers in towns west of Boston. Suburban World's success caused Barrett to expand twice, adding papers in Westwood in 1987 and in Millis and Norfolk in 1995. By contrast, the papers he bought in 1978 all had deep community roots: the Natick newspaper had been founded in 1865; two more dated from the early 20th century, and the youngest had been founded in 1956. The newspapers developed a reputation for quality. Kirk Davis, who oversaw Suburban World's competitors in his role as publisher of Community Newspaper Company, said Suburban World did \"an outstanding job, in some instances a better job than we were doing\". In 2001, Barrett, 56, decided to sell his newspapers for an undisclosed amount of money to his longtime competitor, which had long expressed an interest in buying Suburban World. The deal came shortly after CNC had been sold to the \"Boston Herald\". The move filled some gaps in CNC's coverage map, but also set up conflicts with previous CNC papers, notably the former MetroWest \"Tab\" newspapers. Eventually, the competing \"Tabs\" were closed and the Suburban World papers\u2014most of which had decades-long histories in their communities, whereas the \"Tabs\" dated from the 1990s\u2014remain in CNC today. Two Suburban World papers were closed, however, prompting some reader backlash in Millis and Norfolk.", "Many other commercial designs followed, including several hospitals throughout the state; among them were St. Olaf Hospital in Austin (1939, 1954\u201355), Mount Sinai Hospital in Minneapolis (1951), and a portion of North Memorial Hospital in Robbinsdale (1962), as well as other hospitals throughout the state. L&K designed a number places of worship in the Twin Cities, including Beth El Synagogue (1926) The firm's first for a high-profile commission was the design of Temple Israel (1928) in the Lowry Hill district of Minneapolis. Organized in 1878, the congregation had moved to the site in 1920 and in 1926 hired L&K to design a new synagogue on the site. An outstanding feature of the neoclassical revival\u2013style building is the 950-seat main sanctuary, which became known for its superior acoustics. Many other churches of various denominations designed by the firm still stand in the Twin Cities and greater Minnesota, including Hope Presbyterian Church in Richfield (1954). The firm's success with acoustics at Temple Israel led to the emergence of L&K's theater specialization. In 1927 theater owners Rubenstein and Kaplan hired L&K to design the Granada Theater (1928; later renamed the Suburban World). The architectural style chosen by L&K, with its Spanish-inspired Moorish atmosphere, reflected the trend toward \"atmospheric theaters\" and featured stars and moving clouds on the ceiling. The Granada/Suburban World, which was vacant since 2012, remains as the only surviving example of an atmospheric theater in Minneapolis and one of few remaining in the state. An article published in 2017, when the theater was being marketed for sale or lease, notes that the \"Suburban World has been closed for more than five years, in part because a 1991 local historic designation has made it tough to find a tenant. \"", "John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 \u2013 May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902. Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts."], "answer": {"text": "a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard", "answer_start": 430}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent,", "answer_start": 50, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#5", "question": "what were some aspects of his personal life?", "rewrite": "What were some aspects of Andrew Sullivan's  personal life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Niko King Niko is an indie rock band from Salt Lake City, Utah, composed of Benjamin Moffat (guitar), Ransom Wydner (vocals), Timothy Rawcliffe (bass), Zachary Sloan (drums) and Reid Laitinen (keys). King Niko has played with bands like Loverboy, Rooney, Say Anything, Thirty Seconds to Mars, Switchfoot, Anberlin, Grouplove, Neon Trees and Panic! at the Disco. King Niko first got together in April 2009 when guitarist Benjamin Moffat decided he wanted to start a dance-rock band that would \"make chicks dance. \" Moffat recruited fellow Salt Lake City musicians Tim Rawcliffe and Zachary Sloan, with whom he had played in other bands, and Ransom Wydner who he knew through a relative. After their first practice, the band decided that they wanted a more modern feel and brought on Andrew Sullivan to play keys. King Niko's first performance was May 20, 2009. Their first EP, \"Gorgeous and Gory,\" was recorded in August 2009 and released in October 2009. The song \"Katrina Sleepover\" became popular on Salt Lake City's largest rock radio station, X96, and the band was offered an opening spot for Say Anything and 30 Seconds to Mars that November. King Niko played a number of high-profile shows in 2010 before recording their second release, \"The French Accent EP,\" which experienced similar radio success and was well-reviewed by local media. In August 2010, Andrew Sullivan decided to leave the band and was replaced on keys by Reid Laitinen. In February 2011 King Niko was named the 2011 City Weekly Music Awards Band of The Year by Salt Lake City Weekly. This title got the attention of Rockfish Records who offered King Niko a recording and distribution deal for their song \"Intentions\" as part of a promotion agreement. \"", "Andrew Sullivan (basketball) Andrew Sullivan (born 12 February 1980) is a British professional basketball player. He plays for the Leicester Riders and is the Captain of the Great Britain national team. The only child of Eunice Sullivan, Andrew moved from his London home to the United States in 1996 where he attended St. Augustine Preparatory School, in Richland, New Jersey. In his prep career he scored 1,368 points, averaging 19.8 PPG as a senior. Coached by Paul Rodio his team had a 24-6 record and he was named in the first team all-state as well as being voted as South Jersey Player of the Year 1999. In 1999, Andrew enrolled in the School of Arts & Sciences at Villanova University, home of the Wildcats basketball team, from where he graduated in 2003. The gifted athlete was Villanova\u2019s most versatile defender and could guard four positions. The point forward (he has played both point guard but more predominantly power forward) is able to run the floor well and his long arms and quick feet make him a strong rebounder. Sullivan took to his first season with the Wildcats in 1999-2000, on his debut chipping in with three rebounds and tough defense in seven minutes against Lafayette, and later the freshman converted his first career points with a 3-point shot from the top of the key in the first half against Fairleigh Dickinson. He tied a career high with seven points in 12 minutes in 67-66 loss to Miami on 17 January 2000 and three days later grabbed five rebounds and scored five points in 66-57 win at Providence. Overall it was a successful rookie season for the Englishman, in which another highlight unfolded when he made several spectacular plays in 86-69 win over Notre Dame, ending the night with seven points and five rebounds in 14 minutes of activity.", "By removing problematic, visible, queer sex from public spaces, Warner argues, these policies relegated sexuality to a private sphere of presumed heterosexuality. The net effect was to heighten hypocrisy over the conduct of sexual relationships, supporting the impression that the best any sexuality campaigner can aspire to is admission to a limited sphere of normality that is politically sanctioned, but also deliberately placed outside the sphere of the politically debatable. In the final chapter, Warner challenges the assertion, made by gay authors like Larry Kramer, that sexual recklessness is to blame for continuing cases of HIV infection. Warner argues that, on the contrary, the political use of shame to stigmatize certain kinds of sexual activity actually puts more people at risk of contracting HIV and developing AIDS, by marginalizing those in at-risk communities and restricting access to condoms and safer sex advice. He also criticizes abstinence-only sex education as \"an appalling insult to gay men and lesbians among others\" and an inadequate response to the problems of public sexual health, asserting that \"shame and stigma are often among the most intractable dimensions of risk.\" As the \"Library Journal\" noted, \"The Trouble With Normal\" was sometimes construed as a straightforward response to Andrew Sullivan's 1995 \"Virtually Normal\". David Bell, in \"Contemporary Sociology\", accordingly characterized \"The Trouble with Normal\" as a move in the \"assimilationist debates\", over the extent to which gay people should aspire to 'normality', that characterized 1990s and 2000s gay rights activism. In these debates Warner was ranged against Andrew Sullivan and Larry Kramer, who argued that the most radical goals the movement could seek were the acceptance of gay life into the political and cultural mainstream, through rights like marriage.", "John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 \u2013 May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902. Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts.", "Andrew Sullivan (Wisconsin politician) Andrew Sullivan was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1848 session. Sullivan represented the 5th District of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. He was a Democrat."], "answer": {"text": "In 2001, it came to light that Sullivan had posted anonymous online advertisements for unprotected anal sex, preferably with \"other HIV-positive men\".", "answer_start": 732}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent,", "answer_start": 50, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#6", "question": "what came of his?", "rewrite": "What came of Andrew Sullivan's anonymous online advertisements?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Anonymous Online Speakers\" is a case of first impression in the Ninth Circuit on the issue of First Amendment claims of anonymous online speakers involving commercial speech. The Ninth Circuit lowered the standard for plaintiffs who attempt to identify anonymous online speakers during discovery. This case indicates that lower courts within the Ninth Circuit should not apply a heightened standard, such as \"Cahill\", to commercial speech in discovery disputes. Nevertheless, this case leaves some questions unanswered. The Ninth Circuit has yet to define the appropriate standard for commercial speech in discovery disputes. The Ninth Circuit's decision in this case will likely be influential. Many \u201csubpoena targets\u201d such as Google, Yahoo! and Bing are located in the Ninth Circuit and are therefore affected by the decision in \"Anonymous Online Speakers\". Only the Fourth and Sixth Circuits have previously addressed anonymous online commercial speech. Other courts that have not decided on this issue may look to the Ninth Circuit that oversees lawsuits involving major Internet and technology companies.", "Dendrite International, Inc. v. Doe No. 3 Dendrite International, Inc. v. Doe No. 3, 342 N.J. Super. 134, 775 A.2d 756 (App. Div. 2001), is a New Jersey Superior Court case in which Dendrite International, Inc., a purveyor of computer software used in the pharmaceutical industry, brought a John Doe lawsuit against individuals who had anonymously posted criticisms of the company on a Yahoo message board. When Presiding Chancery Judge Kenneth MacKenzie rejected one of Dendrite's requests to compel Yahoo to reveal the identity of an anonymous defendant, Dendrite appealed. The appellate court upheld the district court's decision, and in doing so, created a set of guidelines for determining the circumstances under which an anonymous online speaker may be unmasked. This standard has since been applied to other cases, such as \"Mobilisa, Inc. v. Doe\", \"Gallucci v. New Jersey On-Line LLC\", \"Independent Newspapers v. Brodie\", and \"The Mortgage Specialists, Inc. v. Implode-Explode Heavy Industries, Inc.\"  No uniform standard exists in the United States for determining the circumstances under which an anonymous online speaker may be unmasked. The original Superior Court case, \"Dendrite International, Inc. v. Does\", was a lawsuit brought by Dendrite International, Inc. (since acquired by Cegedim), a company that provided pharmaceutical-industry-specific customer relationship management software, against fourteen anonymous defendants. These individuals had posted messages on a Yahoo message board which Dendrite claimed were breaches of contract, were defamatory and contained trade secrets. The plaintiffs requested that the court reveal the identity of four of the Does.", "Sullivan was born in South Godstone, Surrey, into a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent, and was brought up in the nearby town of East Grinstead, West Sussex. He was educated at Reigate Grammar School and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was awarded a first-class Bachelor of Arts in modern history and modern languages. In his second year, he was elected President of the Oxford Union for Trinity term 1983. Sullivan earned a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard in 1990. His dissertation was titled Intimations Pursued: The Voice of Practice in the Conversation of Michael Oakeshott. In 2001, it came to light that Sullivan had posted anonymous online advertisements for unprotected anal sex, preferably with \"other HIV-positive men\". He was widely criticised in the media for this, with some critics noting that he had condemned President Bill Clinton's \"incautious behavior\", though others wrote in his defense. In 2003, Sullivan wrote a Salon article identifying himself as a member of the gay \"bear community\". On 27 August 2007, he married Aaron Tone in Provincetown, Massachusetts. Sullivan was barred for many years from applying for United States citizenship because of his HIV-positive status. Following the statutory and administrative repeals of the HIV immigration ban in 2008 and 2009, respectively, he announced his intention to begin the process of becoming a permanent resident and citizen. On The Chris Matthews Show on 16 April 2011, Sullivan confirmed that he had become a permanent resident, showing his green card. On 1 December 2016, Sullivan became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He has been a daily user of marijuana since 2001.", "\"Anonymous Online Speakers v. United States District Court for the District of Nevada\" presented an issue of first impression in the Ninth Circuit regarding First Amendment claims of anonymous online speakers involving commercial speech. The Ninth Circuit instructed lower courts not to apply heightened standard, such as \"Cahill\", to commercial speech during discovery disputes. As stated in the court's decision, \"Quixtar [was] a multilevel marketing business that distribut[ed] cosmetics and nutrition supplements through Independent Business Owners (\u201cIBOs\u201d).\" Quixtar sued its competitor, Signature Management TEAM, for tortious interference with existing contracts in the U.S. District Court of Nevada Reno. Quixtar accused TEAM for organizing a \u201csmear campaign\u201d on the Internet to induce Quixtar IBOs to terminate their contracts at Quixtar and to join its competitor affiliated with TEAM. During discovery, Quixtar requested TEAM to identify authors of the anonymous statements made in one video and four blogs. Examples of these statements are \u201cQuixtar has regularly, but secretly, acknowledged that its products are overpriced and not sellable\u201d; \u201cQuixtar refused to pay bonuses to IBOs in good standard\u201d and Quixtar \u201cterminated IBOs without due process.\u201d Quixtar alleged that these statements would support its claims for tortious interference with existing contracts because they are made by TEAM employees or agents. TEAM refused to disclose the identities on First Amendment grounds. After reviewing the specific statements from each source, the district court ordered TEAM to identify three of the five anonymous speakers. In deciding on protections for anonymous speech, the Ninth Circuit cited \"Talley v. California,\" which held that First Amendment protection applied to anonymous speech.", "Anonymous Online Speakers v. United States District Court for the District of Nevada Anonymous Online Speakers v. United States District Court for the District of Nevada (In re Anonymous Online Speakers), 611 F.3d 653 (2010), is a decision by the Ninth Circuit lowering the standard a plaintiff must meet to compel identification of anonymous posters on the Internet. Quixtar, Inc. sued its competitor Signature Management TEAM, LLC for tortious interference with existing contracts. Quixtar claimed that TEAM created an Internet smear campaign involving anonymous postings of content that discredited Quixtar and its business practices. The district court ordered TEAM to identify three of the five anonymous authors who posted content about Quixtar. The Anonymous Online Speakers petitioned to the Ninth Circuit, challenging the district court\u2019s order. Quixtar cross petitioned to the Ninth Circuit for a writ of mandamus which, if granted, would force TEAM to identify the remaining speakers. Since neither Quixtar nor TEAM demonstrated \"an entitlement to the extraordinary relief\" that would be granted by the writ, both parties were denied their requested petitions. The Ninth Circuit recognized that First Amendment protection applied to online speech. The Ninth Circuit decided that the nature of the speech should determine the standard used to protect online speakers and their speech. Historically, courts have awarded greater protection for political speech than commercial speech. The Ninth Circuit classified the Internet postings and video content as commercial speech because they went to \u201cthe heart of Quixtar\u2019s commercial practices and its business operations.\u201d The district court, in this case, used the \"Cahill\" standard which required that parties \"submit sufficient evidence to establish a prima facie case for each essential element of the defamation claim.\" The Ninth Circuit, rejected the application based on the stringency of the test as applied to commercial speech, thereby denying the Anonymous Online Speakers their petition."], "answer": {"text": "On 27 August 2007, he married Aaron Tone in Provincetown, Massachusetts.", "answer_start": 1163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent,", "answer_start": 50, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some aspects of his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, it came to light that Sullivan had posted anonymous online advertisements for unprotected anal sex, preferably with \"other HIV-positive men\".", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2bfcf54e38684d18b82ee82677f91833_1_q#7", "question": "did they have any children?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Sullivan and Aaron Tone have any children?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Andrew Sullivan John Andrew Sullivan (May 10, 1868 \u2013 May 31, 1927) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Sullivan attended the common and high schools. He was graduated from the Boston University Law School in 1896. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Boston, Massachusetts. He served as member of the Massachusetts State Senate 1900-1902. Sullivan was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-eighth and Fifty-ninth Congresses (March 4, 1903-March 3, 1907). He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He resumed the practice of law in Boston, Massachusetts. He was appointed a member of the Boston Finance Commission in July 1907 and served until the commission expired. In June 1909, Sullivan became chairman of the permanent Boston Finance Commission. He resigned in 1914 to become corporation counsel of Boston. Later, he was a lecturer on municipal government at Harvard University in 1912 and 1913 and then at Boston University Law School from 1920-1925. Sullivan resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died in Scituate, Massachusetts, May 31, 1927 and was interred in Holy Cross Cemetery, Malden, Massachusetts.", "Andrew Sullivan (basketball) Andrew Sullivan (born 12 February 1980) is a British professional basketball player. He plays for the Leicester Riders and is the Captain of the Great Britain national team. The only child of Eunice Sullivan, Andrew moved from his London home to the United States in 1996 where he attended St. Augustine Preparatory School, in Richland, New Jersey. In his prep career he scored 1,368 points, averaging 19.8 PPG as a senior. Coached by Paul Rodio his team had a 24-6 record and he was named in the first team all-state as well as being voted as South Jersey Player of the Year 1999. In 1999, Andrew enrolled in the School of Arts & Sciences at Villanova University, home of the Wildcats basketball team, from where he graduated in 2003. The gifted athlete was Villanova\u2019s most versatile defender and could guard four positions. The point forward (he has played both point guard but more predominantly power forward) is able to run the floor well and his long arms and quick feet make him a strong rebounder. Sullivan took to his first season with the Wildcats in 1999-2000, on his debut chipping in with three rebounds and tough defense in seven minutes against Lafayette, and later the freshman converted his first career points with a 3-point shot from the top of the key in the first half against Fairleigh Dickinson. He tied a career high with seven points in 12 minutes in 67-66 loss to Miami on 17 January 2000 and three days later grabbed five rebounds and scored five points in 66-57 win at Providence. Overall it was a successful rookie season for the Englishman, in which another highlight unfolded when he made several spectacular plays in 86-69 win over Notre Dame, ending the night with seven points and five rebounds in 14 minutes of activity.", "By removing problematic, visible, queer sex from public spaces, Warner argues, these policies relegated sexuality to a private sphere of presumed heterosexuality. The net effect was to heighten hypocrisy over the conduct of sexual relationships, supporting the impression that the best any sexuality campaigner can aspire to is admission to a limited sphere of normality that is politically sanctioned, but also deliberately placed outside the sphere of the politically debatable. In the final chapter, Warner challenges the assertion, made by gay authors like Larry Kramer, that sexual recklessness is to blame for continuing cases of HIV infection. Warner argues that, on the contrary, the political use of shame to stigmatize certain kinds of sexual activity actually puts more people at risk of contracting HIV and developing AIDS, by marginalizing those in at-risk communities and restricting access to condoms and safer sex advice. He also criticizes abstinence-only sex education as \"an appalling insult to gay men and lesbians among others\" and an inadequate response to the problems of public sexual health, asserting that \"shame and stigma are often among the most intractable dimensions of risk.\" As the \"Library Journal\" noted, \"The Trouble With Normal\" was sometimes construed as a straightforward response to Andrew Sullivan's 1995 \"Virtually Normal\". David Bell, in \"Contemporary Sociology\", accordingly characterized \"The Trouble with Normal\" as a move in the \"assimilationist debates\", over the extent to which gay people should aspire to 'normality', that characterized 1990s and 2000s gay rights activism. In these debates Warner was ranged against Andrew Sullivan and Larry Kramer, who argued that the most radical goals the movement could seek were the acceptance of gay life into the political and cultural mainstream, through rights like marriage.", "Andrew Sullivan (Wisconsin politician) Andrew Sullivan was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly during the 1848 session. Sullivan represented the 5th District of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. He was a Democrat.", "Sullivan was born in South Godstone, Surrey, into a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent, and was brought up in the nearby town of East Grinstead, West Sussex. He was educated at Reigate Grammar School and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was awarded a first-class Bachelor of Arts in modern history and modern languages. In his second year, he was elected President of the Oxford Union for Trinity term 1983. Sullivan earned a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard in 1990. His dissertation was titled Intimations Pursued: The Voice of Practice in the Conversation of Michael Oakeshott. In 2001, it came to light that Sullivan had posted anonymous online advertisements for unprotected anal sex, preferably with \"other HIV-positive men\". He was widely criticised in the media for this, with some critics noting that he had condemned President Bill Clinton's \"incautious behavior\", though others wrote in his defense. In 2003, Sullivan wrote a Salon article identifying himself as a member of the gay \"bear community\". On 27 August 2007, he married Aaron Tone in Provincetown, Massachusetts. Sullivan was barred for many years from applying for United States citizenship because of his HIV-positive status. Following the statutory and administrative repeals of the HIV immigration ban in 2008 and 2009, respectively, he announced his intention to begin the process of becoming a permanent resident and citizen. On The Chris Matthews Show on 16 April 2011, Sullivan confirmed that he had become a permanent resident, showing his green card. On 1 December 2016, Sullivan became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He has been a daily user of marijuana since 2001."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where was Andrew Sullivan born?", "answer": {"text": "Sullivan was born in South Godstone,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent,", "answer_start": 50, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "a Master of Public Administration in 1986 from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, followed by a Doctor of Philosophy degree in government from Harvard", "answer_start": 430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some aspects of his personal life?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, it came to light that Sullivan had posted anonymous online advertisements for unprotected anal sex, preferably with \"other HIV-positive men\".", "answer_start": 732, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what came of his?", "answer": {"text": "On 27 August 2007, he married Aaron Tone in Provincetown, Massachusetts.", "answer_start": 1163, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#0", "question": "what is nottingham forest?", "rewrite": "what is nottingham forest?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Khaled Al-Rashidi Khaled Al-Rashidi (; born 20 April 1987) is a Kuwaiti goalkeeper who is currently playing for Al-Salmiya, having left Nottingham Forest in January 2014. Al-Rashidi began his senior career with Al Tadamon in 2005, having progressed through the club's youth ranks, before switching to Tatran Presov in 2008. Unable to break into the first team, and having only made ten league appearances, he switched to Al Salibikhaet in 2010, but made just two league appearances before moving once more to Al Arabi SC that year. After 104 league appearances as the first team in 2 and a half seasons he won the Kuwait Crown Prince Cup and Kuwait Super Cup and had 1 goal vs Kuwait SC, he moved to England in 2013 when he joined Nottingham Forest F.C. from Kuwaiti club Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait). He scored a goal in a Kuwaiti Premier League for Al Arabi against Al Kuwait. In July 2012, Al-Rashidi joined Nottingham Forest on a month-long trial. Nottingham Forest put in a work permit application for Al-Rashidi along with two other Kuwait players but they were all turned down on August 23, 2012. On 16 January 2013 it was announced by Nottingham Forest chairman Fawaz Al-Hasawi that a second work permit application had been successful and that Al-Rashidi had signed for the club. He was named as a substitute against Birmingham City on 2 February 2013. On 15 January 2014 Al-Rashidi left Nottingham Forest.", "Brian Clough Trophy The Brian Clough Trophy is contested whenever East Midlands rivals Derby County and Nottingham Forest play each other (known as the East Midlands derby). The trophy is named after Brian Clough, who managed both clubs to great success. The trophy is currently held by Nottingham Forest F.C.  Derby County and Nottingham Forest, football clubs located less than 20 miles apart, have long been arch rivals. Unusually, the same man managed both clubs during their greatest periods of success: Brian Clough. He managed Derby County from 1967\u20131973, a time in which they won their first Football League title, and Nottingham Forest from 1975\u20131993, during which they won their only Football League title and two European Cups. On both occasions, he lifted the club from Football League Second Division to the First Division title. In so doing, Clough was only the second manager, after Herbert Chapman, to win the Football League with two different clubs. Clough himself retired from football in 1993 and died in 2004. In early 2007, officials from Derby County, Nottingham Forest and the Brian Clough Memorial Fund, along with Brian Clough's widow Barbara and his son Nigel, agreed to institute an official tournament between the two clubs that Clough was most successful with as a manager. In a further twist in 2009 Nigel Clough himself became manager of Derby County, having previously played with distinction under his father at Nottingham Forest. The competition does not regularly demand its own fixture, but is competed for whenever the two clubs happened to meet. The first match, however, was a specially-arranged pre-season friendly, with all proceeds going to charity. The trophy itself is a silver loving cup with a lid. The cup is over 100 years old, though it had never been used before becoming the Brian Clough Trophy.", "Andy Reid (Irish footballer) Andrew Matthew Reid (born 29 July 1982) is a retired Irish footballer who played as a midfielder. He turned professional in August 1999 making his debut for Nottingham Forest on 29 November 2000 against Sheffield United. Reid moved from Forest to Tottenham in 2005, then to Charlton Athletic in 2006, Sunderland in 2008 and Blackpool in 2011. In July 2011 he signed a two-year deal back at Nottingham Forest. He has also represented the Republic of Ireland internationally. Reid was born in Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. He went to school at Synge Street CBS, Dublin. Football was in his blood as his father Bill played for St Patrick's Athletic and his uncle Victor played for Shelbourne. He started his footballing career with Irish youth clubs \u2013 Lourdes Celtic and Cherry Orchard. He turned down Manchester United and Arsenal to sign for Nottingham Forest. Reid started his career with the Nottingham Forest youth academy, after joining from Cherry Orchard. Reid said \"I chose Forest years ago because they made me feel wanted, because they had more time for me as a young kid than I felt at Arsenal or United\". He turned professional in August 1999, making made his debut on 29 November 2000 against Sheffield United. In the 2001\u201302 season Reid failed to score a goal, although he played in 31 games. He eventually scored a goal on 15 May 2003 against Sheffield United in the 2003 Football League Division One play-off semi-final, although Nottingham Forest lost the match 4\u20133. (5\u20134 on aggregate). He scored two goals in the 3\u20131 win over Coventry City on 27 August 2003. Reid then scored 13 goals in the 2003\u201304 season, finishing as Nottingham Forest's top scorer of the season, and named in the PFA Division One Team of the Year.", "Nottingham Forest F.C. Under-23s, Under-18s and Academy Nottingham Forest Under-23s are the reserve team of Nottingham Forest. The team mainly consists of Under-23 players at the club, although senior players occasionally play in the reserve side, for instance when they are recovering from injury. Nottingham Forest F.C. Under 18s are the youth team of Nottingham Forest. The youth team is coached by Gareth Holmes. The Nottingham Forest Academy as a whole is managed by Gary Brazil. The Nottingham Forest F.C. Youth Academy was launched in 1997 under the supervision of Paul Hart. The academy is run by full and part-time staff including ex-professional footballers alongside Gary Brazil. The Academy is located at a site in Nottingham. Since its inception the academy has nurtured the talents of many players that have made it into top flight football; these include Jermaine Jenas, Michael Dawson, his brother Andy, James Perch, Carlos Merino, Scott Loach, Andy Reid and Marlon Harewood. Many of these players have gone on to play at international level. Others were released by the Academy and went on to develop their careers successfully elsewhere, including Shaun Wright-Phillips and Tom Huddlestone. The Nottingham Forest youth team has been part of the Premier Academy League since 1997, playing in group D. Their best season was 2000\u201301 when they won the whole competition. They almost repeated this in the 2009\u201310 season but eventually lost 5\u20133 to Arsenal in the play-off final. The Nottingham Forest academy was officially renamed The Nigel Doughty Academy in October 2012 in memory of the former owner Nigel Doughty, who died earlier in the year. Players currently playing for Nottingham Forest are listed below in bold. The decade players are listed in indicates when they began playing with the academy, not the first team.", "Crystal Palace 0 Sheffield Wednesday 0 (Sheffield Wednesday won on pens)<br > Wigan Athletic 0 Sunderland 0 (Wigan Athletic won on pens) <br> Liverpool 0 Newcastle United 0 (Newcastle United won on pens) \" Quarter finals\"<br> Newcastle United 0 Tranmere Rovers 2<br> Nottingham Forest 0 Aston Villa 0 (Nottingham Forest won on penalties)<br > Everton 0 Manchester United 1 <br> Sheffield Wednesday 1 Wigan Athletic 1 (Sheffield Wednesday won on pens)  Sunday 17 April, 1988<br> The Semi-finals and Final were played on the Sunday. Matches were 60 minutes long. \"Semi-Finals\"<br> Tranmere Rovers 2 Nottingham Forest 2 (Nottingham Forest won on pens)<br > Sheffield Wednesday 2 Manchester United 1 \"Final\"  Nottingham Forest 0 Sheffield Wednesday 0 (Nottingham Forest won on pens) The centenary of the Football League was marked with numerous events between mid-1987 and 1988, as well as the above tournament. Other occasions included a match at Wembley between a Football League XI and a Rest of the World XI (featuring Diego Maradona and Gary Lineker) in August 1987; Football League champions Everton facing Bayern Munich in a mid-season challenge match (at a time when English clubs were banned from UEFA competitions) with Everton winning 3\u20131; and the Football League Centenary Trophy between leading teams held during the 1988\u201389 season (the final was won by Arsenal against Manchester United in October 1988). The celebrations were all sponsored by Mercantile Credit."], "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides nottingham forest?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Brian Clough Trophy The Brian Clough Trophy is contested whenever East Midlands rivals Derby County and Nottingham Forest play each other (known as the East Midlands derby). The trophy is named after Brian Clough, who managed both clubs to great success. The trophy is currently held by Nottingham Forest F.C.  Derby County and Nottingham Forest, football clubs located less than 20 miles apart, have long been arch rivals. Unusually, the same man managed both clubs during their greatest periods of success: Brian Clough. He managed Derby County from 1967\u20131973, a time in which they won their first Football League title, and Nottingham Forest from 1975\u20131993, during which they won their only Football League title and two European Cups. On both occasions, he lifted the club from Football League Second Division to the First Division title. In so doing, Clough was only the second manager, after Herbert Chapman, to win the Football League with two different clubs. Clough himself retired from football in 1993 and died in 2004. In early 2007, officials from Derby County, Nottingham Forest and the Brian Clough Memorial Fund, along with Brian Clough's widow Barbara and his son Nigel, agreed to institute an official tournament between the two clubs that Clough was most successful with as a manager. In a further twist in 2009 Nigel Clough himself became manager of Derby County, having previously played with distinction under his father at Nottingham Forest. The competition does not regularly demand its own fixture, but is competed for whenever the two clubs happened to meet. The first match, however, was a specially-arranged pre-season friendly, with all proceeds going to charity. The trophy itself is a silver loving cup with a lid. The cup is over 100 years old, though it had never been used before becoming the Brian Clough Trophy.", "Crystal Palace 0 Sheffield Wednesday 0 (Sheffield Wednesday won on pens)<br > Wigan Athletic 0 Sunderland 0 (Wigan Athletic won on pens) <br> Liverpool 0 Newcastle United 0 (Newcastle United won on pens) \" Quarter finals\"<br> Newcastle United 0 Tranmere Rovers 2<br> Nottingham Forest 0 Aston Villa 0 (Nottingham Forest won on penalties)<br > Everton 0 Manchester United 1 <br> Sheffield Wednesday 1 Wigan Athletic 1 (Sheffield Wednesday won on pens)  Sunday 17 April, 1988<br> The Semi-finals and Final were played on the Sunday. Matches were 60 minutes long. \"Semi-Finals\"<br> Tranmere Rovers 2 Nottingham Forest 2 (Nottingham Forest won on pens)<br > Sheffield Wednesday 2 Manchester United 1 \"Final\"  Nottingham Forest 0 Sheffield Wednesday 0 (Nottingham Forest won on pens) The centenary of the Football League was marked with numerous events between mid-1987 and 1988, as well as the above tournament. Other occasions included a match at Wembley between a Football League XI and a Rest of the World XI (featuring Diego Maradona and Gary Lineker) in August 1987; Football League champions Everton facing Bayern Munich in a mid-season challenge match (at a time when English clubs were banned from UEFA competitions) with Everton winning 3\u20131; and the Football League Centenary Trophy between leading teams held during the 1988\u201389 season (the final was won by Arsenal against Manchester United in October 1988). The celebrations were all sponsored by Mercantile Credit.", "Nottingham Forest F.C. Under-23s, Under-18s and Academy Nottingham Forest Under-23s are the reserve team of Nottingham Forest. The team mainly consists of Under-23 players at the club, although senior players occasionally play in the reserve side, for instance when they are recovering from injury. Nottingham Forest F.C. Under 18s are the youth team of Nottingham Forest. The youth team is coached by Gareth Holmes. The Nottingham Forest Academy as a whole is managed by Gary Brazil. The Nottingham Forest F.C. Youth Academy was launched in 1997 under the supervision of Paul Hart. The academy is run by full and part-time staff including ex-professional footballers alongside Gary Brazil. The Academy is located at a site in Nottingham. Since its inception the academy has nurtured the talents of many players that have made it into top flight football; these include Jermaine Jenas, Michael Dawson, his brother Andy, James Perch, Carlos Merino, Scott Loach, Andy Reid and Marlon Harewood. Many of these players have gone on to play at international level. Others were released by the Academy and went on to develop their careers successfully elsewhere, including Shaun Wright-Phillips and Tom Huddlestone. The Nottingham Forest youth team has been part of the Premier Academy League since 1997, playing in group D. Their best season was 2000\u201301 when they won the whole competition. They almost repeated this in the 2009\u201310 season but eventually lost 5\u20133 to Arsenal in the play-off final. The Nottingham Forest academy was officially renamed The Nigel Doughty Academy in October 2012 in memory of the former owner Nigel Doughty, who died earlier in the year. Players currently playing for Nottingham Forest are listed below in bold. The decade players are listed in indicates when they began playing with the academy, not the first team.", "History of Nottingham Forest F.C.  The history of Nottingham Forest Football Club is an article covering the complete history of the club since its formation in 1865. For general information about the club, see Nottingham Forest F.C. Forest have won 11 major honours during their history\u2013 1 League title, 2 FA Cups, 4 League Cups, 1 FA Charity Shield, 2 European Cups, and 1 UEFA Super Cup. In 1865 a group of Shinty players met at the Clinton Arms on Nottingham's Shakespeare Street. J. S. Scrimshaw's proposal to play football instead was agreed and Nottingham Forest Football Club was formed. It was agreed at the same meeting that the club would purchase twelve tasselled caps coloured 'Garibaldi Red' (named after the leader of the Italian 'Redshirts' freedom fighters). Thus the club's official colours were established. Forest's first ever official game was played against Notts County taking place on 22 March 1866. In their early years Forest were a multi-sports club. As well as their roots in bandy and shinty, Forest's baseball club were British champions in 1899. Forest's charitable approach helped clubs like Liverpool, Arsenal and Brighton & Hove Albion to form. In 1886, Forest donated a set of football kits to help Arsenal establish themselves \u2013 the North London team still wear red. Forest also donated shirts to Everton and helped secure a site to play on for Brighton. In 1878\u201379 season Forest entered the FA Cup for the first time. Forest beat Notts County 3\u20131 in the first round at Beeston Cricket Ground before eventually losing 2\u20131 to Old Etonians in the semi final. Forest's application was rejected to join the Football League at its formation in 1888. Forest instead joined the Football Alliance in 1889. They won the competition in 1892 before then entering the Football League.", "Andy Reid (Irish footballer) Andrew Matthew Reid (born 29 July 1982) is a retired Irish footballer who played as a midfielder. He turned professional in August 1999 making his debut for Nottingham Forest on 29 November 2000 against Sheffield United. Reid moved from Forest to Tottenham in 2005, then to Charlton Athletic in 2006, Sunderland in 2008 and Blackpool in 2011. In July 2011 he signed a two-year deal back at Nottingham Forest. He has also represented the Republic of Ireland internationally. Reid was born in Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. He went to school at Synge Street CBS, Dublin. Football was in his blood as his father Bill played for St Patrick's Athletic and his uncle Victor played for Shelbourne. He started his footballing career with Irish youth clubs \u2013 Lourdes Celtic and Cherry Orchard. He turned down Manchester United and Arsenal to sign for Nottingham Forest. Reid started his career with the Nottingham Forest youth academy, after joining from Cherry Orchard. Reid said \"I chose Forest years ago because they made me feel wanted, because they had more time for me as a young kid than I felt at Arsenal or United\". He turned professional in August 1999, making made his debut on 29 November 2000 against Sheffield United. In the 2001\u201302 season Reid failed to score a goal, although he played in 31 games. He eventually scored a goal on 15 May 2003 against Sheffield United in the 2003 Football League Division One play-off semi-final, although Nottingham Forest lost the match 4\u20133. (5\u20134 on aggregate). He scored two goals in the 3\u20131 win over Coventry City on 27 August 2003. Reid then scored 13 goals in the 2003\u201304 season, finishing as Nottingham Forest's top scorer of the season, and named in the PFA Division One Team of the Year."], "answer": {"text": "Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,", "answer_start": 138}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is nottingham forest?", "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#2", "question": "how long was he under this position?", "rewrite": "how long was stuart Pearce under Forest's position?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The original and most successful coach is Dave Sexton, who led the U21s from 1977 to 1990. In this period he combined his duties with managing the top-flight clubs Manchester United (1977\u20131981) and Coventry City (1981\u20131983). After Coventry he took a position within the FA as their first Technical Director, at Lilleshall. He handed over U21 responsibilities to England manager Graham Taylor's assistant Lawrie McMenemy for three years before resuming control from 1994 to 1996. Peter Taylor took over in 1996 and, although never winning a tournament, his teams had an excellent record. He was controversially removed from the position in early 1999, however, and replaced initially by Peter Reid, who resigned after just one match in charge to dedicate more time to his other job as manager of Sunderland. Howard Wilkinson took over afterwards, yet could only produce four wins in ten competitive matches and quit after a year and a half in charge. David Platt took charge leaving his job at Nottingham Forest. Platt was U21 boss from 2001 to 2004, but had little success before Taylor's return. Taylor left in January 2007, as the senior national manager Steve McClaren wanted the U21s to have a full-time manager. Taylor, at the time, was combining his duties with his role as Crystal Palace boss. On 1 February 2007, Manchester City manager Stuart Pearce was appointed as head coach on a part-time basis until after the European Championships in the summer of 2007. Nigel Pearson, Newcastle United's assistant manager, agreed to become Pearce's assistant. Their first match in charge was a 2\u20132 draw against Spain on 6 February 2007 at Derby County's Pride Park Stadium. For the match against Italy Nigel Pearson took charge as Stuart Pearce had club commitments. Steve Wigley assisted Pearson.", "19 December 1996 \u2013 Frank Clark steps down after three-and-a-half years as manager of Nottingham Forest, with 34-year-old defender Stuart Pearce being appointed player-manager on a temporary basis. 20 December 1996 \u2013 Middlesbrough cancel their Premier League fixture at Blackburn Rovers tomorrow, after manager Bryan Robson insisted he could not field a team, as 23 of his playing staff have been hit by a virus. 22 December 1996 \u2013 Stuart Pearce brings former Nottingham Forest striker Nigel Clough back to the City Ground on loan from Manchester City, more than three years after he left the club for Liverpool. 23 December 1996 \u2013 Division Two strugglers Notts County sack joint managers Steve Thompson and Colin Murphy. 24 December 1996 \u2013 Middlesbrough are charged with bringing the game into disrepute over their cancelled fixture. 26 December 1996 \u2013 The key Boxing Day drama sees Gianfranco Zola score both of Chelsea's goals in a 2\u20130 away win over Aston Villa, Gordon Strachan lead Coventry City to a 3\u20131 away win over his old club Leeds United, and Manchester United boost their title hopes and deepen their opposition's relegation worries with a 4\u20130 win at Nottingham Forest. 28 December 1996 \u2013 Wimbledon continue to defy the odds and challenge for a place in Europe with a 3\u20131 away win over Everton. Newcastle United continue to push for the title with a 7\u20131 home win over Tottenham Hotspur. 29 December 1996 \u2013 31 December 1996 \u2013 1996 draws to a close with Liverpool now leading the Premier League, while a mere five points separate the next six highest clubs \u2013 Manchester United, Arsenal, Wimbledon, Newcastle United, Aston Villa and Chelsea. Nottingham Forest are still bottom with a mere two wins so far this season, while Blackburn Rovers remain in the drop zone along with Southampton who have slipped into the bottom three that has been vacated by an improving Coventry City side.", "In 2015, the main stand at the City Ground was renamed the Peter Taylor stand, in recognition of Taylor's contribution to the club. Clough's managerial record  Played: 908, Won: 418, Drawn: 256, Lost: 234 Frank Clark, who had been a left-back in Nottingham Forest's 1979 European Cup winning team, returned to the club in May 1993 to succeed Brian Clough as manager. His management career had previously been uneventful, although he had won the Fourth Division promotion playoffs with Leyton Orient in 1989. Having inherited most of the players from the Clough era, Clark was able to achieve an instant return to the Premiership when the club finished Division One runners-up at the end of the 1993\u201394 season. Clark looked to be well on the way to re-establishing Forest as a top team. Forest's return to the Premiership was impressive as they finished third in 1994\u201395 and qualified for the UEFA Cup - their first entry to European competition in the post-Heysel era. The 1994\u201395 season was a glorious one as far as Forest were concerned as just about every team promoted into the Premier League are almost certain favourites to be relegated the following season. One of the many highlights of the 1994\u201395 season was a memorable victory over Manchester United at Old Trafford, with Stan Collymore and Stuart Pearce scoring the goals, a game fondly remembered by Forest fans of that era. The likes of Stan Collymore, Stuart Pearce and the Dutch international Bryan Roy were among the most feared players in the Premiership. But Collymore was sold to Liverpool in June 1995 for a then English record fee of \u00a38.4 million, and his \u00a32 million Italian successor Andrea Silenzi was considered to be a disappointing signing.", "On 7 December Todd made his first start for Bristol City against Telford United in the second round proper of the FA Cup, where Todd played the full 90 minutes; the game ended in a 1\u20130 win for Bristol City. In the dying minutes, Todd suffered a shoulder injury from Godfrey Poku. After his loan spell at Bristol City expired, Kane was loaned to Championship club Nottingham Forest until the end of the 2014\u201315 season. Kane made his debut for Nottingham Forest on 10 January 2015 against Sheffield Wednesday, which ended in a 2\u20130 loss for Forest. After his debut, Kane made three consecutive start under the management of Stuart Pearce including a 2\u20131 away win against Derby County. After Dougie Freedman replaced Stuart Pearce Kane's role in the squad was reduced greatly, only making the bench twice and ending up as an unused substitute for both games. On 7 March 2015, Kane returned to the starting line-up in the match against Middlesbrough; the match ended in a 2\u20131 win for Forest. On 6 April 2015, Kane came off the bench replacing fellow goal-scorer, Tyler Walker, in the 75th minute against Brentford. In just two minutes after coming off the bench, Kane scored from a cross Ben Osborn to the far post; though the two-goal lead was not enough for a win as Forest drew 2\u20132. On 3 August 2015, Kane signed a new three-year deal at Chelsea, therefore keeping him at the club until 2018. Three days later, Kane joined NEC Nijmegen on a season-long loan to gain first team experience abroad. On 12 August, Kane made his debut coming off the bench in a match against Excelsior which ended in a 1\u20130 win for NEC Nijmegen. On 23 August, Kane made his first start in a 2\u20130 loss against Ajax.", "Clark's previous greatest management success was promotion from the Fourth Division with Leyton Orient in 1989. Clark convinced Stuart Pearce to remain at the club and also signed Stan Collymore, Lars Bohinen and Colin Cooper. Clark brought immediate return to the Premier League when the club finished Division One runners-up at the end of the 1993\u201394 season. Forest finished third in 1994\u201395 and qualified for the UEFA Cup \u2013 their first entry to European competition in the post-Heysel era. Collymore then transferred in the 1995\u201396 close season to Liverpool for a national record fee of \u00a38.5million. Forest reached the 1995-96 UEFA Cup quarter-finals, the furthest an English team reached in UEFA competition that season. They finished ninth in the league. The 1996\u201397 season quickly became a relegation battle. Clark left the club in December. 34-year-old captain Stuart Pearce was installed as player-manager on a temporary basis just before Christmas in 1996 and he inspired a brief upturn in the club's fortunes. However, in March 1997 he was replaced on a permanent basis by Dave Bassett and left the club that summer after 12 years. Forest were unable to avoid relegation and finished the season in bottom place. They won promotion back to the Premier League at the first attempt, being crowned Division One champions in 1997\u201398. Bassett was sacked in January 1999, with Ron Atkinson replacing him. Ron Atkinson was unable to prevent Forest from once again slipping back into Division One, and announced his retirement from football management when Forest's relegation was confirmed on 24 April 1999, with three weeks of the Premier League seasons still to play. Former England captain David Platt succeeded Atkinson and spent approximately \u00a312 million on players in the space of two seasons, including the Italian veterans Moreno Mannini, Salvatore Matrecano and Gianluca Petrachi."], "answer": {"text": "He had relinquished managerial duties in March 1997", "answer_start": 756}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is nottingham forest?", "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#3", "question": "why did he relinquish them?", "rewrite": "why did Stuart Pearce relinquish managerial duties?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["DuPont has served as a director of Vianix, Speakman, Longwood Gardens Inc., Gigsky, Inc, and Bessemer Trust Delaware. Since 2008 he has been a member of the board of the directors for MSCI.[11] He is also chairman of the board for Mobeam Inc., headquartered in California's Silicon Valley. and a board observer of Ecrio. In 2015, he co-founded Zip Code Wilmington, a nationally recognised non-profit coding boot-camp located in Wilmington Delaware. In April 2018 duPont and business partner Don Wirth announced their plans to purchase the DuPont Country Club (constructed 1921 in Wilmington, DE) from DowDuPont. DuPont and Wirth have plans to renovate the club into a more modern sports facility. Benjamin Franklin duPont was born in 1964. His father is Pierre S. du Pont IV, Republican U.S. Representative and Governor of Delaware from 1977 to 1985. He graduated from Tufts University with a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering in 1986. In August 2001, Ben married Laura Leigh Lemole, a jewelry designer, at her parents' summer home in Cumberland, Maine. They have two children. DuPont's brother-in-law, G. Michael Lemole Jr., is a neurosurgeon who operated on Arizona congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords after she was shot in the head in 2011. His sister-in-law is Lisa Lemole Oz, wife of Mehmet Oz. DuPont's niece is Daphne Oz.", "The original and most successful coach is Dave Sexton, who led the U21s from 1977 to 1990. In this period he combined his duties with managing the top-flight clubs Manchester United (1977\u20131981) and Coventry City (1981\u20131983). After Coventry he took a position within the FA as their first Technical Director, at Lilleshall. He handed over U21 responsibilities to England manager Graham Taylor's assistant Lawrie McMenemy for three years before resuming control from 1994 to 1996. Peter Taylor took over in 1996 and, although never winning a tournament, his teams had an excellent record. He was controversially removed from the position in early 1999, however, and replaced initially by Peter Reid, who resigned after just one match in charge to dedicate more time to his other job as manager of Sunderland. Howard Wilkinson took over afterwards, yet could only produce four wins in ten competitive matches and quit after a year and a half in charge. David Platt took charge leaving his job at Nottingham Forest. Platt was U21 boss from 2001 to 2004, but had little success before Taylor's return. Taylor left in January 2007, as the senior national manager Steve McClaren wanted the U21s to have a full-time manager. Taylor, at the time, was combining his duties with his role as Crystal Palace boss. On 1 February 2007, Manchester City manager Stuart Pearce was appointed as head coach on a part-time basis until after the European Championships in the summer of 2007. Nigel Pearson, Newcastle United's assistant manager, agreed to become Pearce's assistant. Their first match in charge was a 2\u20132 draw against Spain on 6 February 2007 at Derby County's Pride Park Stadium. For the match against Italy Nigel Pearson took charge as Stuart Pearce had club commitments. Steve Wigley assisted Pearson.", "In 2015, the main stand at the City Ground was renamed the Peter Taylor stand, in recognition of Taylor's contribution to the club. Clough's managerial record  Played: 908, Won: 418, Drawn: 256, Lost: 234 Frank Clark, who had been a left-back in Nottingham Forest's 1979 European Cup winning team, returned to the club in May 1993 to succeed Brian Clough as manager. His management career had previously been uneventful, although he had won the Fourth Division promotion playoffs with Leyton Orient in 1989. Having inherited most of the players from the Clough era, Clark was able to achieve an instant return to the Premiership when the club finished Division One runners-up at the end of the 1993\u201394 season. Clark looked to be well on the way to re-establishing Forest as a top team. Forest's return to the Premiership was impressive as they finished third in 1994\u201395 and qualified for the UEFA Cup - their first entry to European competition in the post-Heysel era. The 1994\u201395 season was a glorious one as far as Forest were concerned as just about every team promoted into the Premier League are almost certain favourites to be relegated the following season. One of the many highlights of the 1994\u201395 season was a memorable victory over Manchester United at Old Trafford, with Stan Collymore and Stuart Pearce scoring the goals, a game fondly remembered by Forest fans of that era. The likes of Stan Collymore, Stuart Pearce and the Dutch international Bryan Roy were among the most feared players in the Premiership. But Collymore was sold to Liverpool in June 1995 for a then English record fee of \u00a38.4 million, and his \u00a32 million Italian successor Andrea Silenzi was considered to be a disappointing signing.", "Mind Odyssey Mind Odyssey is a German progressive metal band that formed in 1993, split in 1999 and re-formed in 2007. Mind Odyssey was founded in 1993 by singer and bassist, Mario LeMole, guitarist Dan Uhden, guitarist Rocco Stellmacher and drummer Volker Schultz. The first album Keep it All Turning was released in late 1993. Shortly after the release both guitarists left the band and were replaced by Victor Smolski. The next Album Schizophenia was released in the Summer of 1995. In 1996 Mario LeMole decided to focus more on his singing and hired bassist Jan Michael Keller and later keyboarder Andreas Dirksmeier. In late 1996, after playing various shows in Germany, the band went on a Europe Tour as support band for Vicious Rumors. The next album Nailed to the Shade was recorded in 1997 and released in 1998. The 4th album named Sings was recorded and released in 1999. Shortly after, guitarist Victor Smolski joined German power metal veterans Rage and the band split. In 2007, after helping Victor Smolski with the \"Into the Light\" anniversary sampler for Nuclear Blast Records, Victor Smolski and Mario LeMole decided to bring Mind Odyssey back to live together with sound-engineer Charly Czajkowski. In January 2008 they signed a deal with Napalm Records. In March 2008 the best-of \"15 Years\" was released. In July 2008 Czajkowski left and was replaced by Dan Uhden. In January 2009 the 5th album Time to Change it was released and the band went on tour as support band of Rage on their 25 anniversary tour.", "Lisa Oz Lisa Oz (born Lisa Lemole on July 20, 1963) is an writer, actress, and has a few times being a co-host of \"The Dr. Oz Show\" her husband allowed her to appear on the Oprah and Friends XM radio telecasts. Ms. Oz has co-authored two books, including the \"You: The Owner\u2019s Manual\" series. Lisa Lemole was born in Philadelphia in 1963, to Gerald and Emily Jane Lemole. Her father was a surgeon who was on the team that performed the first heart transplant in America in 1968 with doctors Michael E. DeBakey and Denton Cooley at The Texas Heart Institute. She received her undergraduate degree from Bryn Mawr College in 1985, where she was an award-winning captain of her college tennis team. She attended Union Theological Seminary of Columbia University and has written on and maintains a passion for spiritual studies. She is a Reiki master and has spoken widely of her insights into energy and health. She is also an occasional contributor to \"Good Day New York\", Fox 5 TV. She has been on \"The New York Times\" Best Seller list six times for her best selling books, including the \"US: Transforming Ourselves and the Relationships that Matter Most\" and the \"You: The Owner\u2019s Manual\" series. She suggested the idea Dr.oz does his own show based on\"practicing preventive medicine on a grand scale\". She spoke to her husband friend Campbell who was the president of Discovery Health  Channel. Oz takes part in speaking engagements across the United States and the world on the subject of well-being and relationships."], "answer": {"text": "on the appointment of Dave Bassett.", "answer_start": 808}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is nottingham forest?", "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how long was he under this position?", "answer": {"text": "He had relinquished managerial duties in March 1997", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#4", "question": "what did he do afterward?", "rewrite": "what did Stuart Pearce do after relinquishing managerial duties?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peter Hynes (footballer) Peter Hynes (born 28 November 1983) is an Irish footballer. Hynes began his career as a trainee with Aston Villa where he played in Villa's 2002 FA Youth Cup winning side and turned professional in November 2000. In need of first-team experience, he joined Doncaster Rovers on loan in December 2003, making his league debut on 13 December 2003 when he came on as a late substitute for Gregg Blundell in Rovers' 3\u20131 defeat away to Cheltenham Town. He played in four further games for Rovers, all as a substitute, with his only goal coming in his final game, a 5\u20130 win at home to Leyton Orient on 10 January 2004. Later that month he joined Cheltenham Town on a month's loan, playing four times before returning to Villa. He was released at the end of the season, joining Conference side Tamworth in June 2004 but left in July without playing a single game for the Lambs. Hynes joined Dublin City as John Gill's last signing before relinquishing managerial duties at Dublin City and was deployed primarily as a striker by Gill's successors Roddy Collins and Dermot Keely. Despite scoring the late winner which consummated Dublin City's memorable reversal of a 0\u20132 deficit into a 3\u20132 victory away to Derry City late in the 2004 season. In contrast to his uninspired form with Dublin City, Hynes proved markedly more productive in the colours of Dundalk, whom he joined in 2005, scoring six goals from midfield in 2005. He formed, alongside Philip Hughes (with whom he played at Dublin City) one half of a prolific forward pairing which manoeuvred Dundalk into a strong position in the League of Ireland First Division.", "After an impressive start to the 2012\u201313 season with Leeds United which included two goals in his first four games, Lees was called up to the England U21 squad by manager Stuart Pearce for the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification group matches against Azerbaijan and Norway. He made his debut for the side in the 1\u20130 victory over Norway at Chesterfield's Proact Stadium as a substitute; replacing goalscorer Connor Wickham in the 77th minute. After the game, Pearce praised Lees' versatility and leadership qualities and described him as a 'no-nonsense lad and no-nonsense player.' He retained his place in the squad for the crucial qualification play-off games versus Serbia the following month, appearing as a second- half substitute in the 1\u20130 second leg victory in Kru\u0161evac after replacing Bolton Wanderers striker Marvin Sordell. England won 2\u20130 on aggregate and qualified for the UEFA U21 Championships in 2013 in Israel. After the game, Lees was caught up in a mass-brawl between English and Serbian playing and coaching staff after teammate Danny Rose was allegedly subjected to racist abuse and monkey chanting. He was seen grappling with seventeen-year-old Partizan midfielder Nikola Ninkovi\u0107 whilst a frustrated Rose was sent-off for kicking a ball away in reaction to the abuse after the whistle. Lees made his first start for England U21 on 13 November in Englands 2\u20130 victory over Northern Ireland. Following the end of the 2012\u201313 season, Lees was named in the squad for the European U21 Championship. Stuart Pearce reserved special praise for Lees' attitude to training and his professionalism. Lees was an unused substitute as England crashed out of the tournament following defeats to Italy and Norway. Lees started the final game of England's tournament, playing 90 minutes in the defeat to Israel. Bury Individual", "During the nine years that the show was broadcast in black and white, the blackface makeup was actually red, as black did not film as well. Prior to the creation of the Television Minstrels Show in 1957 the Television Toppers were already very popular, and The BBC Television Toppers first performed in 1953 which was aired on television for the first time February 1953. Originally the Television Toppers were dancers who performed weekly on a television show every Saturday night alongside different celebrities each week, such as Judy Garland. They also performed at Royal Command Performances. They were newspaper entertainment mini celebrities, and headlined as earning \u00a31,000 a year in 1953. The BBC Television Toppers were loaned for one day by the BBC under contract and appear in the iconic 1955 film \"The Dam Busters\" in the spotlight theatre dancing scene. The filming of this scene was at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith. No credits are shown on this film as to who the dancers were or the location of the theatre. By 1964, the show was achieving viewing figures of 21 million. The Minstrels also had a theatrical show at the Victoria Palace Theatre produced by Robert Luff which ran for 6,477 performances from 1962 to 1972 and established itself in \"The Guinness Book of Records\" as the stage show seen by the largest number of people. At this time, the creation gained considerable international regard and was sold to over thirty countries; in 1961 the show won a Golden Rose at Montreux for best light entertainment programme and the first three albums of songs (1960\u20131962) all did extremely well, the first two being long-running #1 albums in the UK Albums Chart. The first of these became the first album in UK album sales history to pass 100,000 sales. In the spring of 1962 the BBC musical variety show, \"The Black and White Minstrel Show\", was to open at the Victoria Palace Theatre.", "The original and most successful coach is Dave Sexton, who led the U21s from 1977 to 1990. In this period he combined his duties with managing the top-flight clubs Manchester United (1977\u20131981) and Coventry City (1981\u20131983). After Coventry he took a position within the FA as their first Technical Director, at Lilleshall. He handed over U21 responsibilities to England manager Graham Taylor's assistant Lawrie McMenemy for three years before resuming control from 1994 to 1996. Peter Taylor took over in 1996 and, although never winning a tournament, his teams had an excellent record. He was controversially removed from the position in early 1999, however, and replaced initially by Peter Reid, who resigned after just one match in charge to dedicate more time to his other job as manager of Sunderland. Howard Wilkinson took over afterwards, yet could only produce four wins in ten competitive matches and quit after a year and a half in charge. David Platt took charge leaving his job at Nottingham Forest. Platt was U21 boss from 2001 to 2004, but had little success before Taylor's return. Taylor left in January 2007, as the senior national manager Steve McClaren wanted the U21s to have a full-time manager. Taylor, at the time, was combining his duties with his role as Crystal Palace boss. On 1 February 2007, Manchester City manager Stuart Pearce was appointed as head coach on a part-time basis until after the European Championships in the summer of 2007. Nigel Pearson, Newcastle United's assistant manager, agreed to become Pearce's assistant. Their first match in charge was a 2\u20132 draw against Spain on 6 February 2007 at Derby County's Pride Park Stadium. For the match against Italy Nigel Pearson took charge as Stuart Pearce had club commitments. Steve Wigley assisted Pearson.", "In 2015, the main stand at the City Ground was renamed the Peter Taylor stand, in recognition of Taylor's contribution to the club. Clough's managerial record  Played: 908, Won: 418, Drawn: 256, Lost: 234 Frank Clark, who had been a left-back in Nottingham Forest's 1979 European Cup winning team, returned to the club in May 1993 to succeed Brian Clough as manager. His management career had previously been uneventful, although he had won the Fourth Division promotion playoffs with Leyton Orient in 1989. Having inherited most of the players from the Clough era, Clark was able to achieve an instant return to the Premiership when the club finished Division One runners-up at the end of the 1993\u201394 season. Clark looked to be well on the way to re-establishing Forest as a top team. Forest's return to the Premiership was impressive as they finished third in 1994\u201395 and qualified for the UEFA Cup - their first entry to European competition in the post-Heysel era. The 1994\u201395 season was a glorious one as far as Forest were concerned as just about every team promoted into the Premier League are almost certain favourites to be relegated the following season. One of the many highlights of the 1994\u201395 season was a memorable victory over Manchester United at Old Trafford, with Stan Collymore and Stuart Pearce scoring the goals, a game fondly remembered by Forest fans of that era. The likes of Stan Collymore, Stuart Pearce and the Dutch international Bryan Roy were among the most feared players in the Premiership. But Collymore was sold to Liverpool in June 1995 for a then English record fee of \u00a38.4 million, and his \u00a32 million Italian successor Andrea Silenzi was considered to be a disappointing signing."], "answer": {"text": "Pearce opted to leave the club at the end of the 1996-97 season after 12 years at the City Ground.", "answer_start": 844}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is nottingham forest?", "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how long was he under this position?", "answer": {"text": "He had relinquished managerial duties in March 1997", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why did he relinquish them?", "answer": {"text": "on the appointment of Dave Bassett.", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#5", "question": "why did he leave?", "rewrite": "why did Stuart Pearce leave the Premier League?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["19 December 1996 \u2013 Frank Clark steps down after three-and-a-half years as manager of Nottingham Forest, with 34-year-old defender Stuart Pearce being appointed player-manager on a temporary basis. 20 December 1996 \u2013 Middlesbrough cancel their Premier League fixture at Blackburn Rovers tomorrow, after manager Bryan Robson insisted he could not field a team, as 23 of his playing staff have been hit by a virus. 22 December 1996 \u2013 Stuart Pearce brings former Nottingham Forest striker Nigel Clough back to the City Ground on loan from Manchester City, more than three years after he left the club for Liverpool. 23 December 1996 \u2013 Division Two strugglers Notts County sack joint managers Steve Thompson and Colin Murphy. 24 December 1996 \u2013 Middlesbrough are charged with bringing the game into disrepute over their cancelled fixture. 26 December 1996 \u2013 The key Boxing Day drama sees Gianfranco Zola score both of Chelsea's goals in a 2\u20130 away win over Aston Villa, Gordon Strachan lead Coventry City to a 3\u20131 away win over his old club Leeds United, and Manchester United boost their title hopes and deepen their opposition's relegation worries with a 4\u20130 win at Nottingham Forest. 28 December 1996 \u2013 Wimbledon continue to defy the odds and challenge for a place in Europe with a 3\u20131 away win over Everton. Newcastle United continue to push for the title with a 7\u20131 home win over Tottenham Hotspur. 29 December 1996 \u2013 31 December 1996 \u2013 1996 draws to a close with Liverpool now leading the Premier League, while a mere five points separate the next six highest clubs \u2013 Manchester United, Arsenal, Wimbledon, Newcastle United, Aston Villa and Chelsea. Nottingham Forest are still bottom with a mere two wins so far this season, while Blackburn Rovers remain in the drop zone along with Southampton who have slipped into the bottom three that has been vacated by an improving Coventry City side.", "In the 1997\u201398 season Barnes played up front mostly, deputising for Alan Shearer after Shearer was injured for most of the season, and Barnes ended up Newcastle's top league scorer with six goals, which highlighted the Magpies' lack of ability to score in the absence of Shearer and Ferdinand (who had been sold along with Beardsley). Former Liverpool colleague Ian Rush and England colleague Stuart Pearce were also drafted in around this time. Pearce has since stated in his autobiography, \"Psycho\", that he felt Barnes was overweight by the time he joined Newcastle and that both Barnes and Rush had less desire than himself to win at that stage in their careers as they had already won everything, and that they could have had more of an edge to them. Newcastle (the previous season's Premier League runners-up) endured a disappointing league campaign and finished 13th, although they did reach the 1998 FA Cup Final, and Barnes went onto the field for the fifth FA Cup final of his career. However, Newcastle lost 2\u20130 to Arsenal, and following the sacking of Dalglish early in the 1998\u201399 season, he was left isolated and shunned along with a number of Kenny Dalglish and Kevin Keegan era players including Rob Lee and Stuart Pearce. Barnes with many others was dropped from the first team by new manager Ruud Gullit and spent several months in the reserves despite, in his opinion, \"excelling in training\" and showing he had lost none of his quality if some of his pace. He felt that himself and others were deliberately being cold shouldered to make it known Gullit wanted his own players in; Barnes had worked briefly with Gullit during the 1998 World Cup ITV commentary team, and they had played numerous international matches played against each other in the 1980s and 1990s, but they were not friends.", "Clark's previous greatest management success was promotion from the Fourth Division with Leyton Orient in 1989. Clark convinced Stuart Pearce to remain at the club and also signed Stan Collymore, Lars Bohinen and Colin Cooper. Clark brought immediate return to the Premier League when the club finished Division One runners-up at the end of the 1993\u201394 season. Forest finished third in 1994\u201395 and qualified for the UEFA Cup \u2013 their first entry to European competition in the post-Heysel era. Collymore then transferred in the 1995\u201396 close season to Liverpool for a national record fee of \u00a38.5million. Forest reached the 1995-96 UEFA Cup quarter-finals, the furthest an English team reached in UEFA competition that season. They finished ninth in the league. The 1996\u201397 season quickly became a relegation battle. Clark left the club in December. 34-year-old captain Stuart Pearce was installed as player-manager on a temporary basis just before Christmas in 1996 and he inspired a brief upturn in the club's fortunes. However, in March 1997 he was replaced on a permanent basis by Dave Bassett and left the club that summer after 12 years. Forest were unable to avoid relegation and finished the season in bottom place. They won promotion back to the Premier League at the first attempt, being crowned Division One champions in 1997\u201398. Bassett was sacked in January 1999, with Ron Atkinson replacing him. Ron Atkinson was unable to prevent Forest from once again slipping back into Division One, and announced his retirement from football management when Forest's relegation was confirmed on 24 April 1999, with three weeks of the Premier League seasons still to play. Former England captain David Platt succeeded Atkinson and spent approximately \u00a312 million on players in the space of two seasons, including the Italian veterans Moreno Mannini, Salvatore Matrecano and Gianluca Petrachi.", "Premier League 10 Seasons Awards The Premier League 10 Seasons Awards were a set of English football awards which marked the first 10 years of competition in the Premier League, the top-level domestic league competition of professional football in England. The awards celebrated the first decade of the Premier League, which was formed in 1992 when the 20 clubs of the old First Division resigned en-masse from The Football League. Awards were presented in a number of categories for both teams and individuals, covering the period from the inaugural 1992\u201393 season which kicked off in August 1992, through to the 2001\u201302 season, which ended in May 2002. The awards were decided by the public through voting on the Premier League website and by a 10-man panel of footballing experts, drawn from representatives of the Premier League, League Managers Association, Professional Footballers' Association, as well as the football television and radio commentators and presenters and football journalists. Voting ran from December 2002 to February 2003, with the awards being announced throughout the month of April 2003. Nearly 750,000 votes were registered from 184 countries, in what the Premier League described as the \"most widely subscribed fan awards ever held\". In the team categories, both a Domestic (British) and Overseas Team of the Decade was named, and from those two teams an Overall Team of the Decade was picked as: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Marcel Desailly, Denis Irwin, David Beckham, Patrick Vieira, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Alan Shearer and Eric Cantona. The rest of the Domestic team were David Seaman, Steve Bruce, Stuart Pearce, Paul Ince and Michael Owen, while the rest of the Overseas team composed of Dan Petrescu, Jaap Stam, Freddie Ljungberg, Roy Keane, Robert Pires and Thierry Henry.", "Ian Pearce Ian Anthony Pearce (born 7 May 1974) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender from 1990 until 2012, notably in the Premier League for Blackburn Rovers where he won the title in 1995. Pearce also played top flight football for Chelsea, West Ham United and Fulham. He played in the Football League for Southampton and Lincoln City, as well as for non-league sides Oxted & District, Kingstonian and Lingfield. Whilst with Lincoln he also worked as the club's assistant manager to Chris Sutton. Pearce started his career at Oxted & District FC before signing for Chelsea during the 1991\u201392 season. He made his debut on 11 May 1991 in a 2\u20132 draw with Aston Villa. He made five substitute appearances in three seasons for the west London club, before moving to Blackburn Rovers in October 1993 for a fee of \u00a3300,000. Pearce's Blackburn debut was in a League Cup third-round replay against Shrewsbury Town on 9 Nov 1993, in which Pearce scored the winning goal in extra time. He scored his first League goal in April 1994 after coming on as a substitute in a 2\u20131 win at West Ham United, a result which guaranteed Rovers a place in Europe for the first time in their history. He moved to centre-half the following season, forming a formidable partnership with Colin Hendry, and won a Premier League medal in the 1994\u201395 season. Pearce moved to West Ham United for \u00a32.3 million on 9 October 1997. After playing regularly in his first two seasons with the club, and being named as runner-up in the 1999 Hammer of the Year award, he played just 37 minutes in 1999\u20132000 after injuring knee ligaments in a clash with teammate Stuart Pearce. Pearce was out for 14 months, returning on 28 October 2000 against Newcastle United."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is nottingham forest?", "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how long was he under this position?", "answer": {"text": "He had relinquished managerial duties in March 1997", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why did he relinquish them?", "answer": {"text": "on the appointment of Dave Bassett.", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did he do afterward?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce opted to leave the club at the end of the 1996-97 season after 12 years at the City Ground.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#6", "question": "what did he do after leaving?", "rewrite": "what did Stuart Pearce do after leaving the Premier League?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Premier League 10 Seasons Awards The Premier League 10 Seasons Awards were a set of English football awards which marked the first 10 years of competition in the Premier League, the top-level domestic league competition of professional football in England. The awards celebrated the first decade of the Premier League, which was formed in 1992 when the 20 clubs of the old First Division resigned en-masse from The Football League. Awards were presented in a number of categories for both teams and individuals, covering the period from the inaugural 1992\u201393 season which kicked off in August 1992, through to the 2001\u201302 season, which ended in May 2002. The awards were decided by the public through voting on the Premier League website and by a 10-man panel of footballing experts, drawn from representatives of the Premier League, League Managers Association, Professional Footballers' Association, as well as the football television and radio commentators and presenters and football journalists. Voting ran from December 2002 to February 2003, with the awards being announced throughout the month of April 2003. Nearly 750,000 votes were registered from 184 countries, in what the Premier League described as the \"most widely subscribed fan awards ever held\". In the team categories, both a Domestic (British) and Overseas Team of the Decade was named, and from those two teams an Overall Team of the Decade was picked as: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Marcel Desailly, Denis Irwin, David Beckham, Patrick Vieira, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Alan Shearer and Eric Cantona. The rest of the Domestic team were David Seaman, Steve Bruce, Stuart Pearce, Paul Ince and Michael Owen, while the rest of the Overseas team composed of Dan Petrescu, Jaap Stam, Freddie Ljungberg, Roy Keane, Robert Pires and Thierry Henry.", "19 December 1996 \u2013 Frank Clark steps down after three-and-a-half years as manager of Nottingham Forest, with 34-year-old defender Stuart Pearce being appointed player-manager on a temporary basis. 20 December 1996 \u2013 Middlesbrough cancel their Premier League fixture at Blackburn Rovers tomorrow, after manager Bryan Robson insisted he could not field a team, as 23 of his playing staff have been hit by a virus. 22 December 1996 \u2013 Stuart Pearce brings former Nottingham Forest striker Nigel Clough back to the City Ground on loan from Manchester City, more than three years after he left the club for Liverpool. 23 December 1996 \u2013 Division Two strugglers Notts County sack joint managers Steve Thompson and Colin Murphy. 24 December 1996 \u2013 Middlesbrough are charged with bringing the game into disrepute over their cancelled fixture. 26 December 1996 \u2013 The key Boxing Day drama sees Gianfranco Zola score both of Chelsea's goals in a 2\u20130 away win over Aston Villa, Gordon Strachan lead Coventry City to a 3\u20131 away win over his old club Leeds United, and Manchester United boost their title hopes and deepen their opposition's relegation worries with a 4\u20130 win at Nottingham Forest. 28 December 1996 \u2013 Wimbledon continue to defy the odds and challenge for a place in Europe with a 3\u20131 away win over Everton. Newcastle United continue to push for the title with a 7\u20131 home win over Tottenham Hotspur. 29 December 1996 \u2013 31 December 1996 \u2013 1996 draws to a close with Liverpool now leading the Premier League, while a mere five points separate the next six highest clubs \u2013 Manchester United, Arsenal, Wimbledon, Newcastle United, Aston Villa and Chelsea. Nottingham Forest are still bottom with a mere two wins so far this season, while Blackburn Rovers remain in the drop zone along with Southampton who have slipped into the bottom three that has been vacated by an improving Coventry City side.", "Ian Pearce Ian Anthony Pearce (born 7 May 1974) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender from 1990 until 2012, notably in the Premier League for Blackburn Rovers where he won the title in 1995. Pearce also played top flight football for Chelsea, West Ham United and Fulham. He played in the Football League for Southampton and Lincoln City, as well as for non-league sides Oxted & District, Kingstonian and Lingfield. Whilst with Lincoln he also worked as the club's assistant manager to Chris Sutton. Pearce started his career at Oxted & District FC before signing for Chelsea during the 1991\u201392 season. He made his debut on 11 May 1991 in a 2\u20132 draw with Aston Villa. He made five substitute appearances in three seasons for the west London club, before moving to Blackburn Rovers in October 1993 for a fee of \u00a3300,000. Pearce's Blackburn debut was in a League Cup third-round replay against Shrewsbury Town on 9 Nov 1993, in which Pearce scored the winning goal in extra time. He scored his first League goal in April 1994 after coming on as a substitute in a 2\u20131 win at West Ham United, a result which guaranteed Rovers a place in Europe for the first time in their history. He moved to centre-half the following season, forming a formidable partnership with Colin Hendry, and won a Premier League medal in the 1994\u201395 season. Pearce moved to West Ham United for \u00a32.3 million on 9 October 1997. After playing regularly in his first two seasons with the club, and being named as runner-up in the 1999 Hammer of the Year award, he played just 37 minutes in 1999\u20132000 after injuring knee ligaments in a clash with teammate Stuart Pearce. Pearce was out for 14 months, returning on 28 October 2000 against Newcastle United.", "Clark's previous greatest management success was promotion from the Fourth Division with Leyton Orient in 1989. Clark convinced Stuart Pearce to remain at the club and also signed Stan Collymore, Lars Bohinen and Colin Cooper. Clark brought immediate return to the Premier League when the club finished Division One runners-up at the end of the 1993\u201394 season. Forest finished third in 1994\u201395 and qualified for the UEFA Cup \u2013 their first entry to European competition in the post-Heysel era. Collymore then transferred in the 1995\u201396 close season to Liverpool for a national record fee of \u00a38.5million. Forest reached the 1995-96 UEFA Cup quarter-finals, the furthest an English team reached in UEFA competition that season. They finished ninth in the league. The 1996\u201397 season quickly became a relegation battle. Clark left the club in December. 34-year-old captain Stuart Pearce was installed as player-manager on a temporary basis just before Christmas in 1996 and he inspired a brief upturn in the club's fortunes. However, in March 1997 he was replaced on a permanent basis by Dave Bassett and left the club that summer after 12 years. Forest were unable to avoid relegation and finished the season in bottom place. They won promotion back to the Premier League at the first attempt, being crowned Division One champions in 1997\u201398. Bassett was sacked in January 1999, with Ron Atkinson replacing him. Ron Atkinson was unable to prevent Forest from once again slipping back into Division One, and announced his retirement from football management when Forest's relegation was confirmed on 24 April 1999, with three weeks of the Premier League seasons still to play. Former England captain David Platt succeeded Atkinson and spent approximately \u00a312 million on players in the space of two seasons, including the Italian veterans Moreno Mannini, Salvatore Matrecano and Gianluca Petrachi.", "In the 1997\u201398 season Barnes played up front mostly, deputising for Alan Shearer after Shearer was injured for most of the season, and Barnes ended up Newcastle's top league scorer with six goals, which highlighted the Magpies' lack of ability to score in the absence of Shearer and Ferdinand (who had been sold along with Beardsley). Former Liverpool colleague Ian Rush and England colleague Stuart Pearce were also drafted in around this time. Pearce has since stated in his autobiography, \"Psycho\", that he felt Barnes was overweight by the time he joined Newcastle and that both Barnes and Rush had less desire than himself to win at that stage in their careers as they had already won everything, and that they could have had more of an edge to them. Newcastle (the previous season's Premier League runners-up) endured a disappointing league campaign and finished 13th, although they did reach the 1998 FA Cup Final, and Barnes went onto the field for the fifth FA Cup final of his career. However, Newcastle lost 2\u20130 to Arsenal, and following the sacking of Dalglish early in the 1998\u201399 season, he was left isolated and shunned along with a number of Kenny Dalglish and Kevin Keegan era players including Rob Lee and Stuart Pearce. Barnes with many others was dropped from the first team by new manager Ruud Gullit and spent several months in the reserves despite, in his opinion, \"excelling in training\" and showing he had lost none of his quality if some of his pace. He felt that himself and others were deliberately being cold shouldered to make it known Gullit wanted his own players in; Barnes had worked briefly with Gullit during the 1998 World Cup ITV commentary team, and they had played numerous international matches played against each other in the 1980s and 1990s, but they were not friends."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is nottingham forest?", "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how long was he under this position?", "answer": {"text": "He had relinquished managerial duties in March 1997", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why did he relinquish them?", "answer": {"text": "on the appointment of Dave Bassett.", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did he do afterward?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce opted to leave the club at the end of the 1996-97 season after 12 years at the City Ground.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why did he leave?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_756648fc7acd4e04ba47b5ea9d8ec9bf_1_q#7", "question": "what was his biggest attribute?", "rewrite": "what was Steve Pearce's biggest attribute?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The previous Congressman, Republican Steve Pearce, retired in 2008 to run for Senate, a race that he lost. Coming off from a large electoral defeat at the hands of Democrat Tom Udall, the former Congressman Pearce re-entered the political sphere and challenged Congressman Teague when he sought election to a second congressional term. A tough campaign ensued, with Pearce taking the lead in most polls. Pearce's advantage widened when the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee announced that it was shifting resources from the 2nd district to the 1st district, a decision that the Pearce campaign responded, \"The DCCC is realizing what we knew all along. Voters do not want the Teague-Pelosi agenda of out-of-control spending and lost jobs.\" In late October, Congressman Teague declined to participate in a debate with Steve Pearce, giving Pearce solo airtime that was broadcast statewide and providing some observers with evidence that Teague was essentially conceding defeat to Pearce. As political prognosticators indicated, on election day, Pearce defeated the incumbent Congressman and returned to Washington for his fourth nonconsecutive term. \u2020Internal poll ( Hamilton Campaigns polls commissioned by Teague; Tarrance Group poll for Pearce) Incumbent Democratic Congressman Ben Ray Luj\u00e1n has represented this liberal district based in northern New Mexico since he was first elected in 2008 to replace outgoing Democratic Congressman Tom Udall, who successfully ran for Senate. Seeking a second term, Congressman Luj\u00e1n faced Republican businessman Tom Mullins in the general election. The Albuquerque Journal endorsed Mullins, praising his plans to \"trim federal spending\" and \"help the private sector create jobs\u2026[by] lowering taxes. \" Despite this, however, Luj\u00e1n was able to use the district\u2019s natural liberal leanings to his advantage and won re-election to a second term in Congress.", "They had a much easier time with the favored Gators in Game 2, winning 5\u20132 to earn the 2011 CWS Championship and their second consecutive national title. The Gamecock defense turned an incredible nine double-plays in this CWS \u2013 no other participant turned more than three. South Carolina finished the season with a 55\u201314 overall record, setting a new NCAA record for consecutive post-season wins with 16, a new record for consecutive College World Series wins with 11, and became the just the sixth program in history to win back-to-back NCAA Division I Baseball Championships. Carolina became the first team to win the College World Series in the new TD Ameritrade Park, and Gamecock second baseman Scott Wingo was named CWS Most Outstanding Player. As of April 2017, 49 former Gamecocks have seen action in the Major Leagues. Five players were/are active for more than 10 seasons: Brian Roberts (14), Dave Hollins (12), Mookie Wilson (12), Adam Everett (11), Steve Pearce (10). In the 2018 World Series, former Gamecock Steve Pearce won the 2018 World Series Most Valuable Player Award as he led the Boston Red Sox to their 9th World Series title in Franchise history. Jackie Bradley Jr. won the 2018 ALCS MVP. During the 2018 season, there have been eight active players on MLB rosters:", "Steve Pearce (baseball)  Steven Wayne Pearce (born April 13, 1983) is an American professional baseball left fielder and first baseman for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, Houston Astros, New York Yankees, Tampa Bay Rays and Toronto Blue Jays. Pearce is only the second player in MLB history to have played for every team in the American League East, the first being Kelly Johnson. Pearce was instrumental in Boston's 2018 World Series triumph over the Los Angeles Dodgers, displaying key outbursts of power en route to being named the World Series Most Valuable Player. Pearce graduated in 2001 from Lakeland High School in Lakeland, Florida, where he was a three-year letterman in baseball and posted a career .383 batting average. Pearce's father, also named Steve, was born in Rehoboth, Massachusetts, south of Boston. As a result, Pearce became a fan of the Boston Red Sox growing up, a team he would eventually play for. \u201cI was brainwashed as a kid. Had no choice.\u201d Pearce played two seasons (2002\u20132003) at Indian River Community College in Fort Pierce, Florida, leading Indian River in batting average both seasons and hitting a total of 17 home runs. Pearce was inducted to the Indian River Pioneer Athletic Hall of Fame on April 16, 2015. Pearce was selected twice in the MLB draft, but did not sign; in the 45th round in the 2003 MLB draft by the Minnesota Twins, and in the 10th round in the 2004 MLB draft by the Boston Red Sox. Pearce played for the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League in the summer of 2004, hitting .277 with one home run and seven RBIs in 24 games.", "Every two years, prior to the primary election, the party holds a pre-primary convention. This is where statewide candidates push to receive delegate support before the primary election. If a candidate receives at least 20% of the delegates vote, they are automatically placed on the primary election ballot. However, if a candidate does not receive at least 20% of the delegation vote, they can still get on the ballot by obtaining at least 1,500 signatures of Republicans who had voted in the most recent election within 10 days of the convention. The party controls none of the state's seven statewide offices, holds a minority in the New Mexico Senate, and a minority in the New Mexico House of Representatives. Republicans also do not hold any of the state's three U.S. House seats. Both of New Mexico's U.S. Senate seats have been held by Democrats since 2008. Pete Domenici was the last Republican to represent New Mexico in the U.S. Senate. First elected in 1972, Domenici opted to retire instead of seeking a seventh term. Congressman Steve Pearce ran as the Republican nominee in the 2008 election and was subsequently defeated by Democratic challenger Tom Udall who has held the seat since. All 3 of New Mexico\u2019s congressional districts have been held by Democrats since 2018. The last Republican to represent New Mexico in the House of Representatives was Steve Pearce who chose not to run for re-election in 2018, instead unsuccessfully running for Governor. New Mexico has not elected any GOP candidates to statewide office since 2014, when Susana Martinez was re-elected as governor. In 2018, term limits prevented Martinez from seeking re-election to a third term. Congressman Steve Pearce ran as the Republican nominee in the 2018 election and was subsequently defeated by Democratic challenger Michelle Lujan Grisham.", "Steve Pearce (politician) Stevan Edward Pearce (born August 24, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who served as the U.S. Representative for from 2003 to 2009 and from 2011 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party and was his party's unsuccessful nominee in the 2018 New Mexico gubernatorial election. On December 8, 2018, Pearce was elected Chair of the New Mexico Republican Party, replacing Ryan Cangiolosi. Pearce was born in Lamesa in Dawson County in west Texas but reared in Hobbs, New Mexico, where he currently resides with his wife, Cynthia. He attended college at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, having earned a Bachelor of Business Administration in economics. Afterward, he received a Master of Business Administration from Eastern New Mexico University in Portales. While at New Mexico State University, Pearce was elected president of the student body. He served in the Vietnam War as a C-130 pilot in the United States Air Force. Pearce flew over 518 hours of combat flight and 77 hours of combat support. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and two Air Medals, as well as seven other military medals and four exceptional service awards. Upon returning to the United States, Pearce was assigned to the Strategic Air Command at Blytheville Air Force Base, Arkansas. He was honorably discharged from the U.S. Air Force with the rank of Captain. Pearce and his wife owned and operated Lea Fishing Tools, an oilfield services company in Hobbs, New Mexico, until they sold the business in 2003 to Key Energy Services for $12 million. Pearce was elected to the New Mexico House of Representatives in 1996 and re-elected in 1998, both times unopposed. He was elected as Republican Caucus Chairman and served on the Appropriations Committee. He ran for the United States Senate in the seat held by longtime incumbent Democrat Jeff Bingaman."], "answer": {"text": "Despite their relegation from the top flight in 1993, Pearce decided to stay, helping Forest to gain promotion the following season, including scoring a header to secure promotion,", "answer_start": 1521}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is nottingham forest?", "answer": {"text": "He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,", "answer_start": 138, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how long was he under this position?", "answer": {"text": "He had relinquished managerial duties in March 1997", "answer_start": 756, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why did he relinquish them?", "answer": {"text": "on the appointment of Dave Bassett.", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "what did he do afterward?", "answer": {"text": "Pearce opted to leave the club at the end of the 1996-97 season after 12 years at the City Ground.", "answer_start": 844, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "why did he leave?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after leaving?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#0", "question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "rewrite": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Also, a couple of the major film studios copied the show's format with \"MGM Parade\" and \"Warner Bros. Presents\". Both shows did not last. With the series' \"Davy Crockett\" episodes generating high sale of merchandise, Disney Productions produced \"The Mickey Mouse Club\", the first youth audience TV and a daily afternoon show. Walt Disney Television was formed in 1983, as the Walt Disney Pictures Television Division, the name was later shortened to Walt Disney Pictures Television in 1986 and later shortened to Walt Disney Television in 1988. Until 1983, Disney shows were aired under the banner of the parent company, then named Walt Disney Productions. In August 1994, with the departure of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, its filmed entertainment business was split into two, with Walt Disney Pictures continuing with motion pictures and the newly created Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications for television under Joe Roth and Richard Frank respectively. At the time when Disney merged with Capital Cities/ABC, Disney Television was a part of Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications (WDTT). With the retirement of WDTT president Dennis Hightower in April 1996 and ongoing post-merger reorganization, Walt Disney Television (along with its Animation unit) was transferred back to The Walt Disney Studios. The Walt Disney Television group, upon the departure of its president Dean Valentine in September 1997, was split into two units: Walt Disney Television (WDT) and Walt Disney Network Television (WDNT), reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth. WDT would be headed by Charles Hirschhorn as president and consisted of Disney Telefilms for ABC, the-direct-to video-unit, and Walt Disney Television Animation. WDNT would handle primetime programming, headed by David Neuman as president. Neuman was also named president of Touchstone Television.", "Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures (branded as simply Disney for short since 2011) is an American film studio and a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, which is ultimately owned by The Walt Disney Company. The subsidiary is the main producer of live-action feature films within the Walt Disney Studios unit, and is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It took on its current name in 1983. Today, in conjunction with the other units of Walt Disney Studios, Walt Disney Pictures is regarded as one of Hollywood's \"Big Five\" film studios. Films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios are also released under this brand. The 2019 remake of \"The Lion King\" is the studio's highest grossing film worldwide with $1.6 billion, and \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" is the studio's most successful franchise, with two of its sequels, released in and , earning over $1 billion in worldwide box office gross. The studio's predecessor (and the modern-day The Walt Disney Company's as a whole) was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, by filmmaker Walt Disney and his business partner and brother, Roy, in 1923. The creation of Mickey Mouse and subsequent short films and merchandise generated revenue for the studio which was renamed as The Walt Disney Studio at the Hyperion Studio in 1926. In 1929, it was renamed again to Walt Disney Productions. The studio's streak of success continued in the 1930s, culminating with the 1937 release of the first feature-length animated film, \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", which becomes a huge financial success. With the profits from \"Snow White\", Walt relocated to a third studio in Burbank, California.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc., known as Walt Disney World Company before March 2009, was created in 1967 as the company that owned and operated Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida. The resort opened in 1971 and the land was owned by Walt Disney World Company, Walt Disney Travel Company, and Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation. In 2009 the name was changed to Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc.. The company is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products which is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, and is based in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Reedy Creek Improvement District is the immediate governing jurisdiction for the land of Walt Disney World Resort including the cities of Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista. Walt Disney World Resort is the Orlando area's largest employer, with approximately 70,000 employees, known as \"Cast Members\". Compass East Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on December 7, 1964. On September 30, 1966, Latin-American Development and Management Corporation, Ayefour Corporation (a pun on Interstate 4, or I-4, which was being built at the time), Tomahawk Properties, Incorporated, Reedy Creek Ranch, Incorporated, and Bay Lake Properties, Incorporated, all Florida corporations, were merged into Compass East Corporation. These companies were responsible for buying up the land that would become Walt Disney World; many companies were used in order to obscure their singular purpose. Reedy Creek Drainage District, later renamed Reedy Creek Improvement District, was incorporated on May 13, 1966 to manage the land owned by the Compass East Corporation. On September 26, 1967, Compass East Corporation was renamed Walt Disney World Company. By this time, most of the land had been bought and the plan for Walt Disney World was public.", "The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. Since the 1980s, Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is known for its film studio division, The Walt Disney Studios, which includes Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Fox, Fox 2000 Pictures, Fox Searchlight Pictures, and Blue Sky Studios. Disney's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International. Through these segments, Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, Freeform, FX, and National Geographic; publishing, merchandising, music, and theater divisions; and Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, a group of 14 theme parks around the world. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. Cartoon character Mickey Mouse, created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, is one of the world's most recognizable characters and serves as the company's official mascot.", "Walt Disney Travel Company The Walt Disney Travel Company is the company name for the services The Walt Disney Company employ to help guests book tickets and reservations for the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts around the world. Travel agencies currently book their vacation packages through the Walt Disney Travel Company. The Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated, along with the Walt Disney World Company, the Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation and the Reedy Creek Improvement District, owns the land in the Walt Disney World Resort. These are all wholly owned subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company. Santa Rosa Land Company, Incorporated, incorporated in or before 1968 to own some of the Walt Disney World Resort, changed its name to Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated on August 16, 1973. All of the land it owns is backstage areas (i.e., areas not normally open to the public). In April 2014, president Randy Garfield retired. Kenneth Svendsen was named president in March 2014. The Walt Disney Travel Company has two main offices, where guests can call-in to get help booking their accommodations, tickets, airfare, and other travel products. The DRTSC is located in Anaheim, California, about a mile from the Disneyland Resort. This location helps guests book tickets for Disneyland and Disney California Adventure. It also books for Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa, Disneyland Hotel, Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel, and a large group of hotels throughout Southern California, including in Los Angeles and San Diego. The DRTSC also provides overflow support for Disney World Reservations and MyDisneyExperience technical support. It also does travel services for Aulani. The Disney Reservation Center is located in Orlando, Florida, with a second office in Tampa, Florida."], "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#1", "question": "when did he recieve those?", "rewrite": "When did Walt Disney receive the Academy Award nominations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Also, a couple of the major film studios copied the show's format with \"MGM Parade\" and \"Warner Bros. Presents\". Both shows did not last. With the series' \"Davy Crockett\" episodes generating high sale of merchandise, Disney Productions produced \"The Mickey Mouse Club\", the first youth audience TV and a daily afternoon show. Walt Disney Television was formed in 1983, as the Walt Disney Pictures Television Division, the name was later shortened to Walt Disney Pictures Television in 1986 and later shortened to Walt Disney Television in 1988. Until 1983, Disney shows were aired under the banner of the parent company, then named Walt Disney Productions. In August 1994, with the departure of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, its filmed entertainment business was split into two, with Walt Disney Pictures continuing with motion pictures and the newly created Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications for television under Joe Roth and Richard Frank respectively. At the time when Disney merged with Capital Cities/ABC, Disney Television was a part of Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications (WDTT). With the retirement of WDTT president Dennis Hightower in April 1996 and ongoing post-merger reorganization, Walt Disney Television (along with its Animation unit) was transferred back to The Walt Disney Studios. The Walt Disney Television group, upon the departure of its president Dean Valentine in September 1997, was split into two units: Walt Disney Television (WDT) and Walt Disney Network Television (WDNT), reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth. WDT would be headed by Charles Hirschhorn as president and consisted of Disney Telefilms for ABC, the-direct-to video-unit, and Walt Disney Television Animation. WDNT would handle primetime programming, headed by David Neuman as president. Neuman was also named president of Touchstone Television.", "The success of these songs gained the attention of Walt Disney, who eventually hired the Sherman Brothers as staff songwriters for Walt Disney Studios. The first song they wrote on personal assignment by Walt Disney was \"Strummin' Song\" in 1961. It was used in the Annette Funicello made-for-television movie called \"The Horsemasters\". The first song that the Sherman Brothers contributed to a Disney movie was \"Medfield Fight Song\" from the film \"The Absent-Minded Professor\" (1961). While at Disney, the Sherman Brothers wrote more motion-picture musical scores than any other songwriters in the history of film. They also wrote what is perhaps their best-known song, \"It's a Small World (After All)\", for the 1964 New York World's Fair. Since then, some have claimed that this has become the most translated and performed song on Earth, although this is largely due to the fact that it is played continuously at Disney's theme park \" It's a Small World\" attractions of the same name. In 1965, the Sherman Brothers won two Academy Awards for \"Mary Poppins\", which includes the songs \"Feed The Birds,\" \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious,\" and the Oscar-winning \"Chim Chim Cher-ee.\" Since \"Mary Poppins\"' premiere, the Shermans have subsequently earned nine Academy Award nominations, two Grammy Awards, four Grammy Award nominations, and 23 gold- and platinum-certified albums. Robert and Richard Sherman worked directly for Walt Disney, completing the scores for the live-action musical films \"The Happiest Millionaire\" and \"The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band\" until Disney's death in 1966.", "The distribution deal ended in 2016, after DreamWorks and Disney decided to not renew their agreement in December 2015, with Universal Pictures replacing Disney as DreamWorks' distributor. By the end of the deal, Disney had distributed 14 of DreamWorks's original 30-picture agreement. Disney took complete ownership rights of those 14 DreamWorks films from Amblin Partners in exchange for loans made to that company. \" The Light Between Oceans\", the final film in that distribution deal, was also the last film released under the Touchstone banner before it was retired by Disney from theatrical distribution. In December 2017, The Walt Disney Company announced plans to purchase 21st Century Fox, which includes 20th Century Fox. In March 2019, the acquisition of 21st Century Fox was completed. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures has distributed 28 films that have received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture; four from Walt Disney Pictures, six from Touchstone Pictures, two from Hollywood Pictures, one from Marvel Studios, and fifteen from Miramax Films. Of those nominations, four Miramax films won the accolade; \"The English Patient\" (1996), \" Shakespeare In Love\" (1998), \"Chicago\" (2002), and \"No Country for Old Men\" (2007). Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures currently distributes films from Walt Disney Studios, other Disney film units and some third-party studios including: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures International was formed in 1961 as Buena Vista International. On May 4, 1987, Disney signed a theatrical distribution agreement with Warner Bros. International, for the release of Disney and Touchstone films in overseas markets after Warner dissolved a previous overseas distribution partnership with Columbia, with Disney retaining full control of all distribution and marketing decisions on their product. In 1992, Disney opted to end their joint venture with Warner Bros. to start autonomously distributing their films in the aforementioned overseas markets.", "List of Academy Awards for Walt Disney Walt Disney (1901\u20131966) won or received a total of thirty-two Academy Awards, according to D23, and holds the record for most Academy Awards in history. He won twenty-two competitive Academy Awards from a total of fifty-nine nominations, and also holds the records for most wins and most nominations for an individual in history. Disney won his first competitive Academy Award and received his first Honorary Academy Award at the 5th Academy Awards (1932). He received the Honorary Academy Award for the creation of Mickey Mouse and won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoon) for the film \"Flowers and Trees\". In the seven Academy Award ceremonies that followed (6th\u201312th), Disney consecutively earned nominations and won in the same category. Disney received three more Honorary Academy Awards, one in 1939 and two in 1942. At the 26th Academy Awards (1954), Disney won the Academy Award in all four categories in which he was nominated: Best Short Subject (Cartoon), Best Short Subject (Two-reel), Best Documentary (Feature), and Best Documentary (Short Subject). In 1965, Disney earned his sole Best Picture nomination, for the film \"Mary Poppins\". He was posthumously awarded his final Academy Award in 1969 for \"Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day\".", "The success of this song attracted the attention of Walt Disney, who hired the Sherman Brothers as staff songwriters for Walt Disney Studios. While at Disney, the Sherman Brothers wrote their most-recognized song, \"It's a Small World (After All)\" for the 1964 New York World's Fair. In 1965, the Sherman brothers won two Academy Awards for \"Mary Poppins,\" Best Original Score and Best Original Song, \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\". Since \"Mary Poppins\"' premiere, Sherman earned nine Academy Award nominations, two Grammy Awards, four Grammy Award nominations and 23 gold and platinum albums. Robert and Richard Sherman worked for Walt Disney until Disney's death in 1966. After leaving the company, the brothers worked freelance as songwriters on scores of motion pictures, television shows, theme park exhibits and stage musicals. Their first non-Disney assignment was in 1968 in Albert R. Broccoli's motion picture \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang,\" which garnered the brothers their third Academy Award nomination. In 1973, the Sherman brothers made history by becoming the only Americans ever to win first prize at the Moscow Film Festival for \"Tom Sawyer,\" for which they authored the screenplay. In 1976, \"The Slipper and the Rose\" was picked to be the Royal Command Performance of the year, attended by Queen Elizabeth. A musical adaptation of Cinderella, \"The Slipper and the Rose\" features both song, score and screenplay by the Sherman brothers. That same year the Sherman brothers received a star on the Hollywood \"Walk of Fame\" across from Grauman's Chinese Theater."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#2", "question": "what other honor did disney get or have", "rewrite": "Aside from his Academy Award nominations, what other honor did Walt Disney get or have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The distribution deal ended in 2016, after DreamWorks and Disney decided to not renew their agreement in December 2015, with Universal Pictures replacing Disney as DreamWorks' distributor. By the end of the deal, Disney had distributed 14 of DreamWorks's original 30-picture agreement. Disney took complete ownership rights of those 14 DreamWorks films from Amblin Partners in exchange for loans made to that company. \" The Light Between Oceans\", the final film in that distribution deal, was also the last film released under the Touchstone banner before it was retired by Disney from theatrical distribution. In December 2017, The Walt Disney Company announced plans to purchase 21st Century Fox, which includes 20th Century Fox. In March 2019, the acquisition of 21st Century Fox was completed. Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures has distributed 28 films that have received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture; four from Walt Disney Pictures, six from Touchstone Pictures, two from Hollywood Pictures, one from Marvel Studios, and fifteen from Miramax Films. Of those nominations, four Miramax films won the accolade; \"The English Patient\" (1996), \" Shakespeare In Love\" (1998), \"Chicago\" (2002), and \"No Country for Old Men\" (2007). Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures currently distributes films from Walt Disney Studios, other Disney film units and some third-party studios including: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures International was formed in 1961 as Buena Vista International. On May 4, 1987, Disney signed a theatrical distribution agreement with Warner Bros. International, for the release of Disney and Touchstone films in overseas markets after Warner dissolved a previous overseas distribution partnership with Columbia, with Disney retaining full control of all distribution and marketing decisions on their product. In 1992, Disney opted to end their joint venture with Warner Bros. to start autonomously distributing their films in the aforementioned overseas markets.", "Also, a couple of the major film studios copied the show's format with \"MGM Parade\" and \"Warner Bros. Presents\". Both shows did not last. With the series' \"Davy Crockett\" episodes generating high sale of merchandise, Disney Productions produced \"The Mickey Mouse Club\", the first youth audience TV and a daily afternoon show. Walt Disney Television was formed in 1983, as the Walt Disney Pictures Television Division, the name was later shortened to Walt Disney Pictures Television in 1986 and later shortened to Walt Disney Television in 1988. Until 1983, Disney shows were aired under the banner of the parent company, then named Walt Disney Productions. In August 1994, with the departure of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, its filmed entertainment business was split into two, with Walt Disney Pictures continuing with motion pictures and the newly created Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications for television under Joe Roth and Richard Frank respectively. At the time when Disney merged with Capital Cities/ABC, Disney Television was a part of Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications (WDTT). With the retirement of WDTT president Dennis Hightower in April 1996 and ongoing post-merger reorganization, Walt Disney Television (along with its Animation unit) was transferred back to The Walt Disney Studios. The Walt Disney Television group, upon the departure of its president Dean Valentine in September 1997, was split into two units: Walt Disney Television (WDT) and Walt Disney Network Television (WDNT), reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth. WDT would be headed by Charles Hirschhorn as president and consisted of Disney Telefilms for ABC, the-direct-to video-unit, and Walt Disney Television Animation. WDNT would handle primetime programming, headed by David Neuman as president. Neuman was also named president of Touchstone Television.", "The success of this song attracted the attention of Walt Disney, who hired the Sherman Brothers as staff songwriters for Walt Disney Studios. While at Disney, the Sherman Brothers wrote their most-recognized song, \"It's a Small World (After All)\" for the 1964 New York World's Fair. In 1965, the Sherman brothers won two Academy Awards for \"Mary Poppins,\" Best Original Score and Best Original Song, \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\". Since \"Mary Poppins\"' premiere, Sherman earned nine Academy Award nominations, two Grammy Awards, four Grammy Award nominations and 23 gold and platinum albums. Robert and Richard Sherman worked for Walt Disney until Disney's death in 1966. After leaving the company, the brothers worked freelance as songwriters on scores of motion pictures, television shows, theme park exhibits and stage musicals. Their first non-Disney assignment was in 1968 in Albert R. Broccoli's motion picture \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang,\" which garnered the brothers their third Academy Award nomination. In 1973, the Sherman brothers made history by becoming the only Americans ever to win first prize at the Moscow Film Festival for \"Tom Sawyer,\" for which they authored the screenplay. In 1976, \"The Slipper and the Rose\" was picked to be the Royal Command Performance of the year, attended by Queen Elizabeth. A musical adaptation of Cinderella, \"The Slipper and the Rose\" features both song, score and screenplay by the Sherman brothers. That same year the Sherman brothers received a star on the Hollywood \"Walk of Fame\" across from Grauman's Chinese Theater.", "List of Academy Awards for Walt Disney Walt Disney (1901\u20131966) won or received a total of thirty-two Academy Awards, according to D23, and holds the record for most Academy Awards in history. He won twenty-two competitive Academy Awards from a total of fifty-nine nominations, and also holds the records for most wins and most nominations for an individual in history. Disney won his first competitive Academy Award and received his first Honorary Academy Award at the 5th Academy Awards (1932). He received the Honorary Academy Award for the creation of Mickey Mouse and won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject (Cartoon) for the film \"Flowers and Trees\". In the seven Academy Award ceremonies that followed (6th\u201312th), Disney consecutively earned nominations and won in the same category. Disney received three more Honorary Academy Awards, one in 1939 and two in 1942. At the 26th Academy Awards (1954), Disney won the Academy Award in all four categories in which he was nominated: Best Short Subject (Cartoon), Best Short Subject (Two-reel), Best Documentary (Feature), and Best Documentary (Short Subject). In 1965, Disney earned his sole Best Picture nomination, for the film \"Mary Poppins\". He was posthumously awarded his final Academy Award in 1969 for \"Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day\".", "The success of these songs gained the attention of Walt Disney, who eventually hired the Sherman Brothers as staff songwriters for Walt Disney Studios. The first song they wrote on personal assignment by Walt Disney was \"Strummin' Song\" in 1961. It was used in the Annette Funicello made-for-television movie called \"The Horsemasters\". The first song that the Sherman Brothers contributed to a Disney movie was \"Medfield Fight Song\" from the film \"The Absent-Minded Professor\" (1961). While at Disney, the Sherman Brothers wrote more motion-picture musical scores than any other songwriters in the history of film. They also wrote what is perhaps their best-known song, \"It's a Small World (After All)\", for the 1964 New York World's Fair. Since then, some have claimed that this has become the most translated and performed song on Earth, although this is largely due to the fact that it is played continuously at Disney's theme park \" It's a Small World\" attractions of the same name. In 1965, the Sherman Brothers won two Academy Awards for \"Mary Poppins\", which includes the songs \"Feed The Birds,\" \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious,\" and the Oscar-winning \"Chim Chim Cher-ee.\" Since \"Mary Poppins\"' premiere, the Shermans have subsequently earned nine Academy Award nominations, two Grammy Awards, four Grammy Award nominations, and 23 gold- and platinum-certified albums. Robert and Richard Sherman worked directly for Walt Disney, completing the scores for the live-action musical films \"The Happiest Millionaire\" and \"The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band\" until Disney's death in 1966."], "answer": {"text": "He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--", "answer_start": 92}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he recieve those?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#3", "question": "is there anything interesting about his honors?", "rewrite": "Is there anything interesting about Walt Disney's honors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc., known as Walt Disney World Company before March 2009, was created in 1967 as the company that owned and operated Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida. The resort opened in 1971 and the land was owned by Walt Disney World Company, Walt Disney Travel Company, and Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation. In 2009 the name was changed to Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc.. The company is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products which is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, and is based in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Reedy Creek Improvement District is the immediate governing jurisdiction for the land of Walt Disney World Resort including the cities of Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista. Walt Disney World Resort is the Orlando area's largest employer, with approximately 70,000 employees, known as \"Cast Members\". Compass East Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on December 7, 1964. On September 30, 1966, Latin-American Development and Management Corporation, Ayefour Corporation (a pun on Interstate 4, or I-4, which was being built at the time), Tomahawk Properties, Incorporated, Reedy Creek Ranch, Incorporated, and Bay Lake Properties, Incorporated, all Florida corporations, were merged into Compass East Corporation. These companies were responsible for buying up the land that would become Walt Disney World; many companies were used in order to obscure their singular purpose. Reedy Creek Drainage District, later renamed Reedy Creek Improvement District, was incorporated on May 13, 1966 to manage the land owned by the Compass East Corporation. On September 26, 1967, Compass East Corporation was renamed Walt Disney World Company. By this time, most of the land had been bought and the plan for Walt Disney World was public.", "The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. Since the 1980s, Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is known for its film studio division, The Walt Disney Studios, which includes Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Fox, Fox 2000 Pictures, Fox Searchlight Pictures, and Blue Sky Studios. Disney's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International. Through these segments, Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, Freeform, FX, and National Geographic; publishing, merchandising, music, and theater divisions; and Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, a group of 14 theme parks around the world. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. Cartoon character Mickey Mouse, created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, is one of the world's most recognizable characters and serves as the company's official mascot.", "Walt Disney Travel Company The Walt Disney Travel Company is the company name for the services The Walt Disney Company employ to help guests book tickets and reservations for the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts around the world. Travel agencies currently book their vacation packages through the Walt Disney Travel Company. The Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated, along with the Walt Disney World Company, the Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation and the Reedy Creek Improvement District, owns the land in the Walt Disney World Resort. These are all wholly owned subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company. Santa Rosa Land Company, Incorporated, incorporated in or before 1968 to own some of the Walt Disney World Resort, changed its name to Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated on August 16, 1973. All of the land it owns is backstage areas (i.e., areas not normally open to the public). In April 2014, president Randy Garfield retired. Kenneth Svendsen was named president in March 2014. The Walt Disney Travel Company has two main offices, where guests can call-in to get help booking their accommodations, tickets, airfare, and other travel products. The DRTSC is located in Anaheim, California, about a mile from the Disneyland Resort. This location helps guests book tickets for Disneyland and Disney California Adventure. It also books for Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa, Disneyland Hotel, Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel, and a large group of hotels throughout Southern California, including in Los Angeles and San Diego. The DRTSC also provides overflow support for Disney World Reservations and MyDisneyExperience technical support. It also does travel services for Aulani. The Disney Reservation Center is located in Orlando, Florida, with a second office in Tampa, Florida.", "Also, a couple of the major film studios copied the show's format with \"MGM Parade\" and \"Warner Bros. Presents\". Both shows did not last. With the series' \"Davy Crockett\" episodes generating high sale of merchandise, Disney Productions produced \"The Mickey Mouse Club\", the first youth audience TV and a daily afternoon show. Walt Disney Television was formed in 1983, as the Walt Disney Pictures Television Division, the name was later shortened to Walt Disney Pictures Television in 1986 and later shortened to Walt Disney Television in 1988. Until 1983, Disney shows were aired under the banner of the parent company, then named Walt Disney Productions. In August 1994, with the departure of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, its filmed entertainment business was split into two, with Walt Disney Pictures continuing with motion pictures and the newly created Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications for television under Joe Roth and Richard Frank respectively. At the time when Disney merged with Capital Cities/ABC, Disney Television was a part of Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications (WDTT). With the retirement of WDTT president Dennis Hightower in April 1996 and ongoing post-merger reorganization, Walt Disney Television (along with its Animation unit) was transferred back to The Walt Disney Studios. The Walt Disney Television group, upon the departure of its president Dean Valentine in September 1997, was split into two units: Walt Disney Television (WDT) and Walt Disney Network Television (WDNT), reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth. WDT would be headed by Charles Hirschhorn as president and consisted of Disney Telefilms for ABC, the-direct-to video-unit, and Walt Disney Television Animation. WDNT would handle primetime programming, headed by David Neuman as president. Neuman was also named president of Touchstone Television.", "Walt Disney Pictures Walt Disney Pictures (branded as simply Disney for short since 2011) is an American film studio and a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Studios, which is ultimately owned by The Walt Disney Company. The subsidiary is the main producer of live-action feature films within the Walt Disney Studios unit, and is based at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It took on its current name in 1983. Today, in conjunction with the other units of Walt Disney Studios, Walt Disney Pictures is regarded as one of Hollywood's \"Big Five\" film studios. Films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios are also released under this brand. The 2019 remake of \"The Lion King\" is the studio's highest grossing film worldwide with $1.6 billion, and \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" is the studio's most successful franchise, with two of its sequels, released in and , earning over $1 billion in worldwide box office gross. The studio's predecessor (and the modern-day The Walt Disney Company's as a whole) was founded as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, by filmmaker Walt Disney and his business partner and brother, Roy, in 1923. The creation of Mickey Mouse and subsequent short films and merchandise generated revenue for the studio which was renamed as The Walt Disney Studio at the Hyperion Studio in 1926. In 1929, it was renamed again to Walt Disney Productions. The studio's streak of success continued in the 1930s, culminating with the 1937 release of the first feature-length animated film, \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", which becomes a huge financial success. With the profits from \"Snow White\", Walt relocated to a third studio in Burbank, California."], "answer": {"text": "He also received four Emmy Award nominations, winning once, for Best Producer for the Disneyland television series.", "answer_start": 294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he recieve those?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other honor did disney get or have", "answer": {"text": "He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#4", "question": "when was the disneyland series produced?", "rewrite": "When was the Disneyland television series produced?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Walt even referred to Donald as the \"Gable of our stable\", in reference to the renowned Hollywood actor, Clark Gable. With such a title, Donald would begin appearing in every form of media and merchandise as Disney's poster-boy and primary audience draw. Much like Mickey and Goofy, Donald's role became a tad tamer and most of his cartoons centered on struggling with everyday life, parenting his nephews, and battling Chip and Dale. The 1950s also marked Walt Disney's entry into television, in which Donald would become a staple, making regular appearances in the Disneyland television series. While many theatrical short subject series ended production during the 1953\u20131954 season, Donald Duck continued to appear in theatrical cartoons after that season. In 1958, Donald co-hosted the 30th Academy Awards ceremony alongside a number of popular film personalities at the time. The final Donald Duck short in the theatrical run was 1961's \"The Litterbug\". Walt Disney passed away five years later. He would continue to appear in a number of educational films (including Donald in Mathmagic Land, How to Have an Accident at Work, and Donald's Fire Survival Plan) and a commercial until entering retirement. Donald wouldn't reappear again until the 1983 short Mickey's Christmas Carol, where he played the role of Nephew Fred. This was Clarence Nash's final theatrical portrayal of Donald, before passing away in 1985. The mantle would be passed down to animator Tony Anselmo, whom Nash had trained for the role for several years prior to his death.", "Since 2013, a Christmas overlay called Jingle Cruise has run during the holiday season in the Magic Kingdom and Disneyland versions of the Jungle Cruise except for 2017 at Disneyland in which the overlay was not installed. In April 2017, it was reported that the ride will undergo extensive planning to change the ride. The updated re-engineering and redesign has extended to the future-star of the film adaptation Dwayne Johnson, and his film production company. Johnson is working with Disney to implement the changes for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts locations worldwide. A studio recorded soundtrack of the \"Jungle Cruise\" was released in 1968 by Disneyland Records included as the B side of the album \" Walt Disney Presents The Enchanted Tiki Room and the Adventurous Jungle Cruise\" (ST-3966). The Jungle Cruise attraction has always featured narration by a live Disney Cast Member; for the release the narration was provided by Thurl Ravenscroft. This soundtrack was also used in Disneyland television features as early as 1964. For years, Walt Disney Pictures had been toying with the idea of turning the \"Jungle Cruise\" into a full-length action adventure motion picture, which it would be loosely inspired by the theme park attraction of the same name. The film, originally scheduled for release in 2007, experienced various delays and changes. Shooting of the film, originally scheduled for 2006, was postponed. Moreover, the original screenplay by Josh Goldstein and John Norville was reportedly rewritten by Al Gough and Miles Millar. The film plot follows a group's riverboat journey through a jungle in search of a cure. Though initially announced to star \"Toy Story\" duo Tom Hanks and Tim Allen, a new iteration of the project is moving forward with Dwayne Johnson starring. The film is described as a \"period piece in the vein of Humphrey Bogart's \"The African Queen\".\"", "The Wiggly Big Show The Wiggly Big Show is The Wiggles' eighth video and their second concert video, after \"Wiggledance! \" It was released in October 1999. The concert was taped on 7\u20138 December 1998 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre during their Toot Toot! tour. The video includes backstage segments that were edited in afterwards. The video was filmed during the group's concert tour to promote the \"Toot, Toot!\" album and companion video. The 1999 video version of \"Toot Toot, Chugga Chugga, Big Red Car\" was used to frame the video; it was split up so that it starts in Wiggles World, transitions to the beginning of the concert, and returns to the video of the group in Wiggles World for the closing credits. The video contains scenes from multiple concerts, as The Wiggles and the supporting cast can be seen in different positions from the scene cuts. Not all concert footage was included in the video, specifically, some scenes involving Dorothy were cut, but were later used in the television series. The \"Wiggly Christmas Medley\" has been incorporated into some episodes in the television series and was added to the 1999 version of \"Wiggly, Wiggly, Christmas\". The Wiggles continue to place family and friends in their videos. In one of the skits involving Captain Feathersword speaking at different speeds, which debuted earlier in a Disneyland television special in 1998 fellow studio drummer Tony Henry from The Cockroaches is shown in the audience with his family. The Wiggles acknowledge their sponsor, OzEmail Internet, at the beginning and at the end of their video. Like \"Wiggledance!\" , the video has not been released in other regions or on DVD.", "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records. He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. He also received four Emmy Award nominations, winning once, for Best Producer for the Disneyland television series. Several of his films are included in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\": Steamboat Willie, The Three Little Pigs, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Pinocchio, Bambi and Mary Poppins. In 1998, the American Film Institute published a list of the 100 greatest American films, according to industry experts; the list included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (at number 49), and Fantasia (at 58). In February 1960, Disney was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame with two stars, one for motion pictures and the other for his television work; Mickey Mouse was given his own star for motion pictures in 1978. Disney was also inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1986, the California Hall of Fame in December 2006, and was the inaugural recipient of a star on the Anaheim walk of stars in 2014. The Walt Disney Family Museum records that he \"along with members of his staff, received more than 950 honors and citations from throughout the world\". He was made a Chevalier in the French Legion d'honneur in 1935, and in 1952 he was awarded the country's highest artistic decoration, the Officer d'Academie. Other national awards include Thailand's Order of the Crown; Brazil's Order of the Southern Cross and Mexico's Order of the Aztec Eagle.", "Ebsen made his television debut on an episode of The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre in 1949. This led to television appearances in: Stars Over Hollywood, Gruen Guild Playhouse, four episodes of Broadway Television Theatre, Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, Corky and White Shadow, the H.J. Heinz Company's Studio 57, Screen Directors Playhouse, two episodes of Climax!, Tales of Wells Fargo, The Martha Raye Show, Playhouse 90, Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse, Johnny Ringo, two episodes of Bonanza, three episodes of Maverick (in which he portrayed assorted homicidal villains), and 77 Sunset Strip. Ebsen received wide television exposure when he played Georgie Russel, a role based on a historical person  and companion to frontiersman Davy Crockett, in the Disneyland television miniseries Davy Crockett (1954-1955). In the 1958-1959 season, Ebsen co-starred in the 26-episode half-hour NBC television adventure series Northwest Passage. This series was a fictionalized account of Major Robert Rogers, a colonial American fighter for the British in the French and Indian War. Ebsen played the role of Sergeant Hunk Marriner; Keith Larsen played Rogers. In 1960, Ebsen appeared in episodes of the television series Rawhide, in the episodes \"The Pitchwagon\" and Tales of Wells Fargo, which he reprised in episodes of both series during 1962 in the roles of different characters. Also in 1960, Ebsen played in season 4 episode 30 of Have Gun, Will Travel called \"El Paso Stage\", as a corrupt marshal. From 1961 to 1962, Ebsen had a recurring role as Virge Blessing in the ABC drama series Bus Stop, the story of travelers passing through the bus station and diner in the fictitious town of Sunrise, Colorado. Robert Altman directed several episodes."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he recieve those?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other honor did disney get or have", "answer": {"text": "He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything interesting about his honors?", "answer": {"text": "He also received four Emmy Award nominations, winning once, for Best Producer for the Disneyland television series.", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#5", "question": "did he recieve any honors after his death?", "rewrite": "Did Walt Disney recieve any honors after his death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. Since the 1980s, Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is known for its film studio division, The Walt Disney Studios, which includes Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Fox, Fox 2000 Pictures, Fox Searchlight Pictures, and Blue Sky Studios. Disney's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International. Through these segments, Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, Freeform, FX, and National Geographic; publishing, merchandising, music, and theater divisions; and Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, a group of 14 theme parks around the world. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. Cartoon character Mickey Mouse, created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, is one of the world's most recognizable characters and serves as the company's official mascot.", "Walt Disney Travel Company The Walt Disney Travel Company is the company name for the services The Walt Disney Company employ to help guests book tickets and reservations for the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts around the world. Travel agencies currently book their vacation packages through the Walt Disney Travel Company. The Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated, along with the Walt Disney World Company, the Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation and the Reedy Creek Improvement District, owns the land in the Walt Disney World Resort. These are all wholly owned subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company. Santa Rosa Land Company, Incorporated, incorporated in or before 1968 to own some of the Walt Disney World Resort, changed its name to Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated on August 16, 1973. All of the land it owns is backstage areas (i.e., areas not normally open to the public). In April 2014, president Randy Garfield retired. Kenneth Svendsen was named president in March 2014. The Walt Disney Travel Company has two main offices, where guests can call-in to get help booking their accommodations, tickets, airfare, and other travel products. The DRTSC is located in Anaheim, California, about a mile from the Disneyland Resort. This location helps guests book tickets for Disneyland and Disney California Adventure. It also books for Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa, Disneyland Hotel, Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel, and a large group of hotels throughout Southern California, including in Los Angeles and San Diego. The DRTSC also provides overflow support for Disney World Reservations and MyDisneyExperience technical support. It also does travel services for Aulani. The Disney Reservation Center is located in Orlando, Florida, with a second office in Tampa, Florida.", "Leandro Cont\u00edn Leandro Nicol\u00e1s Cont\u00edn (born 7 December 1995) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Gimnasia y Esgrima (J), on loan from Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP). Cont\u00edn had a youth spell with Club Sol Naciente, before joining Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n side Gimnasia y Esgrima (LP) in 2013. He was an unused substitute twice during the 2014 Argentine Primera Divisi\u00f3n campaign for matches against Defensa y Justicia and San Lorenzo. Two seasons later, in 2016, Cont\u00edn made his professional debut in a home win against Quilmes on 4 April 2016. Another appearance followed versus Belgrano on 10 April, prior to Cont\u00edn scoring his first senior goal against Rosario Central on 2 May. During 2016 and 2016\u201317, Cont\u00edn scored three goals in thirteen matches. In July 2018, Cont\u00edn was loaned to the club's namesake Gimnasia y Esgrima (J) of Primera B Nacional.", "Also, a couple of the major film studios copied the show's format with \"MGM Parade\" and \"Warner Bros. Presents\". Both shows did not last. With the series' \"Davy Crockett\" episodes generating high sale of merchandise, Disney Productions produced \"The Mickey Mouse Club\", the first youth audience TV and a daily afternoon show. Walt Disney Television was formed in 1983, as the Walt Disney Pictures Television Division, the name was later shortened to Walt Disney Pictures Television in 1986 and later shortened to Walt Disney Television in 1988. Until 1983, Disney shows were aired under the banner of the parent company, then named Walt Disney Productions. In August 1994, with the departure of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, its filmed entertainment business was split into two, with Walt Disney Pictures continuing with motion pictures and the newly created Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications for television under Joe Roth and Richard Frank respectively. At the time when Disney merged with Capital Cities/ABC, Disney Television was a part of Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications (WDTT). With the retirement of WDTT president Dennis Hightower in April 1996 and ongoing post-merger reorganization, Walt Disney Television (along with its Animation unit) was transferred back to The Walt Disney Studios. The Walt Disney Television group, upon the departure of its president Dean Valentine in September 1997, was split into two units: Walt Disney Television (WDT) and Walt Disney Network Television (WDNT), reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth. WDT would be headed by Charles Hirschhorn as president and consisted of Disney Telefilms for ABC, the-direct-to video-unit, and Walt Disney Television Animation. WDNT would handle primetime programming, headed by David Neuman as president. Neuman was also named president of Touchstone Television.", "Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc., known as Walt Disney World Company before March 2009, was created in 1967 as the company that owned and operated Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida. The resort opened in 1971 and the land was owned by Walt Disney World Company, Walt Disney Travel Company, and Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation. In 2009 the name was changed to Walt Disney Parks and Resorts U.S., Inc.. The company is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products which is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, and is based in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Reedy Creek Improvement District is the immediate governing jurisdiction for the land of Walt Disney World Resort including the cities of Bay Lake and Lake Buena Vista. Walt Disney World Resort is the Orlando area's largest employer, with approximately 70,000 employees, known as \"Cast Members\". Compass East Corporation was incorporated in Delaware on December 7, 1964. On September 30, 1966, Latin-American Development and Management Corporation, Ayefour Corporation (a pun on Interstate 4, or I-4, which was being built at the time), Tomahawk Properties, Incorporated, Reedy Creek Ranch, Incorporated, and Bay Lake Properties, Incorporated, all Florida corporations, were merged into Compass East Corporation. These companies were responsible for buying up the land that would become Walt Disney World; many companies were used in order to obscure their singular purpose. Reedy Creek Drainage District, later renamed Reedy Creek Improvement District, was incorporated on May 13, 1966 to manage the land owned by the Compass East Corporation. On September 26, 1967, Compass East Corporation was renamed Walt Disney World Company. By this time, most of the land had been bought and the plan for Walt Disney World was public."], "answer": {"text": "Disney was also inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1986, the California Hall of Fame in December 2006,", "answer_start": 1116}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he recieve those?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other honor did disney get or have", "answer": {"text": "He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything interesting about his honors?", "answer": {"text": "He also received four Emmy Award nominations, winning once, for Best Producer for the Disneyland television series.", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the disneyland series produced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#6", "question": "for what work he was inducted for those two things?", "rewrite": "For what work, was Walt Disney inducted for the Television Hall of Fame and the California Hall of Fame?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Disney replied that the name sounded \"too depressing\" and she was very proud to have suggested the name \"Mickey Mouse\" instead of Mortimer. At the Carolwood Pacific Railroad, Walt Disney named his 1:8-scale live steam locomotive the \"Lilly Belle\" in his wife's honor. Additionally, Walt named one of the Disneyland Railroad cars the \"Lilly Belle\" in her honor, and the Walt Disney World Railroad has a locomotive also named \"Lilly Belle\", where each locomotive is named for someone who greatly contributed to the Walt Disney Company. Walt Disney Imagineering created \"The Empress Lilly\", a paddle steamer replica, at Walt Disney World in Disney Springs and Disney christened it on May 1, 1977. Disney was inducted into the Disney Legends in 2003. Following Walt Disney's death in 1966, Disney was married to John L. Truyens from May 1969 until his death in February 1981. In 1987, she pledged a $50 million gift towards the construction of a new concert hall in Los Angeles. After several delays, the Walt Disney Concert Hall opened in 2003, six years after her death. She also helped fund the founding of The California Institute of the Arts. In the 1990s, reflecting on her 41-year marriage to Walt Disney, she said, \"We shared a wonderful, exciting life, and we loved every minute of it. He was a wonderful husband to me, and wonderful and joyful father and grandfather.\" Disney suffered a stroke on December 15, 1997, which was exactly 31 years after the death of her first husband, Walt. She died the following morning on December 16, 1997, at her home in Los Angeles, California", "Also, a couple of the major film studios copied the show's format with \"MGM Parade\" and \"Warner Bros. Presents\". Both shows did not last. With the series' \"Davy Crockett\" episodes generating high sale of merchandise, Disney Productions produced \"The Mickey Mouse Club\", the first youth audience TV and a daily afternoon show. Walt Disney Television was formed in 1983, as the Walt Disney Pictures Television Division, the name was later shortened to Walt Disney Pictures Television in 1986 and later shortened to Walt Disney Television in 1988. Until 1983, Disney shows were aired under the banner of the parent company, then named Walt Disney Productions. In August 1994, with the departure of Walt Disney Studios chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg, its filmed entertainment business was split into two, with Walt Disney Pictures continuing with motion pictures and the newly created Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications for television under Joe Roth and Richard Frank respectively. At the time when Disney merged with Capital Cities/ABC, Disney Television was a part of Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications (WDTT). With the retirement of WDTT president Dennis Hightower in April 1996 and ongoing post-merger reorganization, Walt Disney Television (along with its Animation unit) was transferred back to The Walt Disney Studios. The Walt Disney Television group, upon the departure of its president Dean Valentine in September 1997, was split into two units: Walt Disney Television (WDT) and Walt Disney Network Television (WDNT), reporting to Walt Disney Studios chairman Joe Roth. WDT would be headed by Charles Hirschhorn as president and consisted of Disney Telefilms for ABC, the-direct-to video-unit, and Walt Disney Television Animation. WDNT would handle primetime programming, headed by David Neuman as president. Neuman was also named president of Touchstone Television.", "Walt Disney Travel Company The Walt Disney Travel Company is the company name for the services The Walt Disney Company employ to help guests book tickets and reservations for the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts around the world. Travel agencies currently book their vacation packages through the Walt Disney Travel Company. The Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated, along with the Walt Disney World Company, the Walt Disney World Hospitality and Recreation Corporation and the Reedy Creek Improvement District, owns the land in the Walt Disney World Resort. These are all wholly owned subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company. Santa Rosa Land Company, Incorporated, incorporated in or before 1968 to own some of the Walt Disney World Resort, changed its name to Walt Disney Travel Company, Incorporated on August 16, 1973. All of the land it owns is backstage areas (i.e., areas not normally open to the public). In April 2014, president Randy Garfield retired. Kenneth Svendsen was named president in March 2014. The Walt Disney Travel Company has two main offices, where guests can call-in to get help booking their accommodations, tickets, airfare, and other travel products. The DRTSC is located in Anaheim, California, about a mile from the Disneyland Resort. This location helps guests book tickets for Disneyland and Disney California Adventure. It also books for Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa, Disneyland Hotel, Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel, and a large group of hotels throughout Southern California, including in Los Angeles and San Diego. The DRTSC also provides overflow support for Disney World Reservations and MyDisneyExperience technical support. It also does travel services for Aulani. The Disney Reservation Center is located in Orlando, Florida, with a second office in Tampa, Florida.", "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records. He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--and the Cecil B. DeMille Award. He also received four Emmy Award nominations, winning once, for Best Producer for the Disneyland television series. Several of his films are included in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\": Steamboat Willie, The Three Little Pigs, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Pinocchio, Bambi and Mary Poppins. In 1998, the American Film Institute published a list of the 100 greatest American films, according to industry experts; the list included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (at number 49), and Fantasia (at 58). In February 1960, Disney was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame with two stars, one for motion pictures and the other for his television work; Mickey Mouse was given his own star for motion pictures in 1978. Disney was also inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1986, the California Hall of Fame in December 2006, and was the inaugural recipient of a star on the Anaheim walk of stars in 2014. The Walt Disney Family Museum records that he \"along with members of his staff, received more than 950 honors and citations from throughout the world\". He was made a Chevalier in the French Legion d'honneur in 1935, and in 1952 he was awarded the country's highest artistic decoration, the Officer d'Academie. Other national awards include Thailand's Order of the Crown; Brazil's Order of the Southern Cross and Mexico's Order of the Aztec Eagle.", "The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney (), is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. Disney was originally founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio; it also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986. The company established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. Since the 1980s, Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is known for its film studio division, The Walt Disney Studios, which includes Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Pixar, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Fox, Fox 2000 Pictures, Fox Searchlight Pictures, and Blue Sky Studios. Disney's other main units and reporting segments are Disney Media Networks, Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, and Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer & International. Through these segments, Disney owns and operates the ABC broadcast network; cable television networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, Freeform, FX, and National Geographic; publishing, merchandising, music, and theater divisions; and Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, a group of 14 theme parks around the world. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1991. Cartoon character Mickey Mouse, created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, is one of the world's most recognizable characters and serves as the company's official mascot."], "answer": {"text": "The Walt Disney Family Museum records that he \"along with members of his staff, received more than 950 honors and citations from throughout the world\".", "answer_start": 1309}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he recieve those?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other honor did disney get or have", "answer": {"text": "He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything interesting about his honors?", "answer": {"text": "He also received four Emmy Award nominations, winning once, for Best Producer for the Disneyland television series.", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the disneyland series produced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any honors after his death?", "answer": {"text": "Disney was also inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1986, the California Hall of Fame in December 2006,", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5bf1a46c5de84a31990562d55adbc505_0_q#7", "question": "is that where he kept his awards and such?", "rewrite": "Is the Walt Disney Family Museum where Walt Disney kept his awards and such?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 2009, Diane co-founded the Walt Disney Family Museum with her son Walter Elias Disney Miller, who is a movie producer, and Disney was also the President of the Board of Directors of the Walt Disney Family Foundation at the time of her death, which is a nonprofit organization that owns and operates the Walt Disney Family Museum, located in Presidio in San Francisco. In 2015, the inaugural Diane Disney Miller Lifetime Achievement Award was created to honor the Museum's founder, to recognize those who have made an outstanding impact in the field of arts, education, community involvement, or technological advancements. Born in Los Angeles on December 18, 1933, Diane Disney Miller attended Los Feliz Grammar School, before moving to Immaculate Heart High School (Los Angeles) for junior high school and high school. She went on to study English at the University of Southern California. When she was 20 years old, Diane was introduced to 21-year-old University of Southern California student Ron Miller, a member of the USC Trojans football team, on a blind date after a University of California\u2013USC game. They married in a small Episcopal church ceremony in Santa Barbara on May 9, 1954. Together, Diane and Ron had several children whom they were survived by: Tamara Scheer, Patrick D., Jennifer Miller-Goff, Christopher D., Walter Elias, Joanna. Ronald then served in the Army and played professional football before Walt convinced him to work for the Walt Disney Studios, and ascended from film directing and production to president and CEO of what is now The Walt Disney Company. In 1988, Lillian Disney, her mother, announced plans to contribute $50 million to the Los Angeles Concert Hall in Downtown Los Angeles, which Diane would later come to support it throughout her life. More than 70 architectural firms submitted proposals to the head director, Frank Gehry.", "Hahn filmed extensively in Bucharest, Transylvania, and in Carroll's home town of Boston. Christmas With Walt Disney (2009) is a feature documentary commissioned by the \"Walt Disney Family Museum\" and directed by Hahn. The film chronicles Disney's life as husband, father, and film maker centered around the holidays. Hahn directed the film, narrated by Walt Disney's daughter Diane Disney Miller. The film runs every holiday season at the Walt Disney Family Museum in San Francisco. Hahn serves as executive producer of numerous Disneynature documentaries such as \"Earth\", \"Oceans\", and \"African Cats\" all of which placed in the top five nature movies of all time. He is Executive Producer on the Alastair Fothergill, Mark Linfield directed \"Chimpanzee\". In January 1999, Hyperion Books published Don's book on creativity called \"Dancing Corndogs in the Night. \" The best selling book is a case study of the human creative spirit. Don has also written three books on Animation. \" Animation Magic\" from Disney Press. Publisher's Weekly said: \"producer Don Hahn distills the difficult and detailed process of animated feature film creation into an easily understood narrative. From the birth of an idea, to voice-overs, special effects and computer-generated imagery, each phase is generously illustrated with sketches, movie stills, scenes of artists at work, flow charts and even a photo of the opening of Pocahontas in New York's Central Park. Don's book \"Alchemy of Animation\" became an extremely popular book on the process of making an animated film. The text covered traditional hand drawn animation as well as 3D digital animation, visual effects and stop motion animation.", "Walt Disney Family Museum The Walt Disney Family Museum (WDFM) is an American museum that features the life and legacy of Walt Disney. The museum is located in The Presidio of San Francisco, part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in San Francisco. The museum retrofitted and expanded three existing historic buildings on the Presidio\u2019s Main Post. The principal building, at 104 Montgomery Street, faces the Parade Ground, and opened on October 1, 2009. The Walt Disney Family Museum is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that was formally owned, operated and funded by the Walt Disney Family Foundation, a non-profit organization established by Disney's heirs including Diane Disney Miller, Disney's daughter and founder of the museum. It is not formally associated with The Walt Disney Company, the media and entertainment enterprise. The 40,000 square foot space in the main museum building features the newest technology and historic materials and artifacts to bring Disney\u2019s achievements to life, with interactive galleries that include early drawings and animation, movies, music, listening stations, and a 12-foot diameter model of Disneyland. The lobby displays 248 awards that Disney won during his career, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and many Academy Awardsincluding the honorary award for \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", which consists of one full-sized Oscar alongside seven miniature ones (representing the Seven Dwarfs). There is also a \"Fantasia\"-inspired state-of-the-art digital Theater on the lower level of the museum, which screens Disney films daily. There are ten permanent galleries, starting with Walt Disney's ancestral history and ending with his death on December 15th, 1966. Pieces related to Walt Disney's ridable miniature Carolwood Pacific Railroad (built in his backyard), including his beloved \"Lilly Belle\" locomotive, are on display at the museum as well.", "Diane Disney Miller Diane Marie Disney-Miller (December 18, 1933 \u2013 November 19, 2013) was the only biological child of Walt Disney and his wife Lillian Bounds Disney. Diane co-founded the Walt Disney Family Museum alongside her family. She was president of the Board of Directors of the Walt Disney Family Foundation. The museum, which opened in 2009, was established to promote and inspire creativity and innovation and celebrate and study the life of Walt Disney. Miller was a patron of the arts, as well as a lifelong classical music enthusiast and a generous philanthropist . Miller published a series of eight pieces for the \"Saturday Evening Post\" in 1956 titled \"My Dad, Walt Disney,\" co-written with Pete Martin. In 1957 she published the book \"The Story of Walt Disney\". After her husband was removed from his executive position at Walt Disney Productions in 1984, Miller began to limit her involvement with the company. In an interview with Diane in 2005, she recalled that she and Sharon lived a typical life, as both parents were very protective, caring and loving. Miller was instrumental in pushing ahead with the Walt Disney Concert Hall in downtown Los Angeles. The project was initiated with a $50 million gift from her mother in 1988, but was stalled for a time due to cost negotiations. She was an ardent supporter of architect Frank Gehry as its designer. The hall finally opened in 2004. After devoting her earlier life to raising her seven children, Miller undertook an active advocacy to document the life and accomplishments of her father, who has been the subject of poorly researched biographies and inaccurate rumors. She was also concerned that his name had become more of a corporate identity than a reference to the man himself. In 2001, the Walt Disney Family Foundation released \"The Man Behind the Myth\", a documentary film about Walt Disney's life featuring interviews with his colleagues, peers, and family.", "After Disney's death, his brother Roy deferred his retirement to take full control of the Disney companies. He changed the focus of the project from a town to an attraction. At the inauguration in 1971, Roy dedicated Walt Disney World to his brother. Walt Disney World expanded with the opening of Epcot Center in 1982; Walt Disney's vision of a functional city was replaced by a park more akin to a permanent world's fair. In 2009, the Walt Disney Family Museum, designed by Disney's daughter Diane and her son Walter E. D. Miller, opened in the Presidio of San Francisco. Thousands of artifacts from Disney's life and career are on display, including numerous awards that he received. In 2014, the Disney theme parks around the world hosted approximately 134 million visitors. Disney has been portrayed numerous times in fictional works. H. G. Wells references Disney in his 1938 novel The Holy Terror, in which World Dictator Rud fears that Donald Duck is meant to lampoon the dictator. Disney was portrayed by Len Cariou in the 1995 made-for-TV film A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes: The Annette Funicello Story, and by Tom Hanks in the 2013 film Saving Mr. Banks. In 2001, the German author Peter Stephan Jungk published Der Konig von Amerika (trans: The King of America), a fictional work of Disney's later years that re-imagines him as a power-hungry racist. The composer Philip Glass later adapted the book into the opera The Perfect American (2013)."], "answer": {"text": "The Walt Disney Family Museum", "answer_start": 1309}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What kind of honors does walt disney have?", "answer": {"text": "Disney received 59 Academy Award nominations, including 22 awards: both totals are records.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he recieve those?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other honor did disney get or have", "answer": {"text": "He was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards, but did not win, but he was presented with two Special Achievement Awards--for Bambi (1942) and The Living Desert (1953)--", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything interesting about his honors?", "answer": {"text": "He also received four Emmy Award nominations, winning once, for Best Producer for the Disneyland television series.", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was the disneyland series produced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he recieve any honors after his death?", "answer": {"text": "Disney was also inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1986, the California Hall of Fame in December 2006,", "answer_start": 1116, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "for what work he was inducted for those two things?", "answer": {"text": "The Walt Disney Family Museum records that he \"along with members of his staff, received more than 950 honors and citations from throughout the world\".", "answer_start": 1309, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#0", "question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter.", "1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts.", "American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "Steve Carlton in 1982 became the first pitcher to win more than three Cy Young Awards, while Greg Maddux in 1994 became the first to win at least three in a row (and received a fourth straight the following year), a feat later repeated by Randy Johnson. Nineteen pitchers have won the award multiple times. Roger Clemens currently holds the record for the most awards won, with seven - his first and last wins separated by eighteen years. Greg Maddux (1992\u20131995) and Randy Johnson (1999\u20132002) share the record for the most consecutive awards won. Clemens, Johnson, Pedro Mart\u00ednez, Gaylord Perry, Roy Halladay and Max Scherzer are the only pitchers to have won the award in both the American League and National League; Sandy Koufax is the only pitcher who won multiple awards during the period when only one award was presented for all of Major League Baseball. Roger Clemens was the youngest pitcher to win a second Cy Young Award, while Tim Lincecum is the youngest pitcher to do so in the National League and Clayton Kershaw is the youngest left-hander to do so. Clayton Kershaw is the youngest pitcher to win a third Cy Young Award. Only four teams have never had a pitcher win the Cy Young Award. The Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have won more than any other team with 12. There have been 17 players who unanimously won the Cy Young Award, for a total of 23 wins. Five of these unanimous wins were accompanied with a win of the Most Valuable Player award (marked with * below; * * denotes that the player's unanimous win was accompanied with a unanimous win of the MVP). In the National League, 11 players have unanimously won the Cy Young Award, for a total of 14 wins. In the American League, 6 players have unanimously won the Cy Young Award, for a total of 9 wins."], "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#1", "question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "rewrite": "did Roger Clemens win any awards during his playing career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "Clemens has appeared as himself in several movies and television episodes and has also occasionally acted in films. Perhaps best known was his appearance in the season three episode of The Simpsons (\"Homer at the Bat\") where he is hypnotized into thinking he is a chicken (he did his own clucking). Clemens has also made guest appearances as himself on the TV shows Hope & Faith, Spin City, Arli$$, and Saturday Night Live as well as the movie Anger Management, and makes a brief appearance in the movie Kingpin as the character Skidmark. He also is shown playing an actual game with the Houston Astros in the film Boyhood. He appeared in the 1994 movie Cobb as an unidentified pitcher for the Philadelphia A's. In 2003, he was part of an advertising campaign for Armour hot dogs with MLB players Ken Griffey Jr., Derek Jeter, and Sammy Sosa. Since 2005, Clemens has also appeared in many commercials for Texas-based supermarket chain H-E-B. In 2007, he appeared on a baseball-themed episode of MythBusters (\"Baseball Myths\"). He has also starred in a commercial for Cingular parodying his return from retirement. He was calling his wife, Debra Godfrey, and a dropped call resulted in his return to the Yankees. He released an early autobiography, Rocket Man: The Roger Clemens Story written with Peter Gammons, in 1987. Clemens is also the spokesperson for Champion car dealerships in South Texas. In April 2009, Clemens was the subject of an unauthorized biography by Jeff Pearlman, titled The Rocket that Fell to Earth-Roger Clemens and the Rage for Baseball Immortality, that focused on his childhood and early career and accused Mike Piazza of using steroids.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter.", "Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts."], "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#2", "question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "rewrite": "Were 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001 the only years Roger Clemens won the Cy Young Awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1999, while many of his performances and milestones were yet to come, he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In 2005, the updated Sporting News list moved Clemens up to #15. By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001, and the National League award in 2004), an MVP and two pitching triple crowns. With his 2004 win, he joined Gaylord Perry, Randy Johnson, and Pedro Martinez as the only pitchers to win it in both leagues and became the oldest pitcher to ever win the Cy Young. He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986. In October 2006, Clemens was named to Sports Illustrated's \"all-time\" team. On August 18, 2007, Clemens got his 1,000th strikeout as a Yankee. He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams. Clemens has recorded a total of 2,590 strikeouts as a member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee. Of his nearly quarter century in the Major Leagues, 13 years have been spent with the Red Sox and 6 with the New York Yankees. In January 2013, in his first year of eligibility, Clemens received only 37.6% of the votes cast and was denied entry into the Hall of Fame, falling short of the 75% required for induction.", "McDonough's co-workers and supporters referred to him as \"Willie\" and credited his ability to get such stories to his ability to \"get anybody to the phone\" and to parlay nuggets of information from his calls into bigger stories. However, even \"Globe\" management admitted that he \"rewarded his friends and slammed his enemies\" in his columns. His critics, meanwhile, said that he only \"publishe[d] what's going to reinforce his sources, his friends, his contacts\", referring to him as \"a management stooge\" and \"Will the Shill\". Examples of this dichotomy marked his career. He regularly referred to superstar pitcher Roger Clemens as the \"Texas Con Man\" after Clemens' tenure with the Boston Red Sox; his bosses said that that was because he saw Clemens as a phony, potentially supported by later allegations of steroid use directed at Clemens, while others claimed that he was defending his friends John Harrington and Dan Duquette, who had stated that Clemens was in the \"twilight of his career\" in 1996\u2014after which Clemens won four more Cy Young Awards as the best pitcher in the American League (1997\u201398, 2001, 2004). McDonough also repeatedly referred to former Red Sox player Mo Vaughn as \"Mo Money\" after Vaughn turned down the Sox's contract offer before the 1998 season to become a free agent after the season.", "Steve Carlton in 1982 became the first pitcher to win more than three Cy Young Awards, while Greg Maddux in 1994 became the first to win at least three in a row (and received a fourth straight the following year), a feat later repeated by Randy Johnson. Nineteen pitchers have won the award multiple times. Roger Clemens currently holds the record for the most awards won, with seven - his first and last wins separated by eighteen years. Greg Maddux (1992\u20131995) and Randy Johnson (1999\u20132002) share the record for the most consecutive awards won. Clemens, Johnson, Pedro Mart\u00ednez, Gaylord Perry, Roy Halladay and Max Scherzer are the only pitchers to have won the award in both the American League and National League; Sandy Koufax is the only pitcher who won multiple awards during the period when only one award was presented for all of Major League Baseball. Roger Clemens was the youngest pitcher to win a second Cy Young Award, while Tim Lincecum is the youngest pitcher to do so in the National League and Clayton Kershaw is the youngest left-hander to do so. Clayton Kershaw is the youngest pitcher to win a third Cy Young Award. Only four teams have never had a pitcher win the Cy Young Award. The Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers have won more than any other team with 12. There have been 17 players who unanimously won the Cy Young Award, for a total of 23 wins. Five of these unanimous wins were accompanied with a win of the Most Valuable Player award (marked with * below; * * denotes that the player's unanimous win was accompanied with a unanimous win of the MVP). In the National League, 11 players have unanimously won the Cy Young Award, for a total of 14 wins. In the American League, 6 players have unanimously won the Cy Young Award, for a total of 9 wins.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter.", "2001 New York Yankees season The New York Yankees' 2001 season was the 99th season for the Yankees. The team finished with a record of 95-65 finishing 13.5 games ahead of the Boston Red Sox. New York was managed by Joe Torre. The Yankees played at Yankee Stadium. Roger Clemens had sixteen straight wins, tying an American League mark shared by Walter Johnson, Lefty Grove, Schoolboy Rowe, and Smoky Joe Wood. Clemens would finish the season with the AL Cy Young Award and become the first pitcher to win six Cy Young Awards. Another chapter was written in the story of the Yankee-Red Sox rivalry. On September 2, 2001, Mike Mussina came within one strike of a perfect game before surrendering a bloop single to Carl Everett. This was Mussina's third time he has taken a perfect game to or beyond the 8th inning. Coincidentally, it would have been the 3rd perfect game in for the Yankees in a span of 4 seasons and could have been the 4th perfect game in franchise history. In the emotional times of September 2001 in New York City, following the September 11 attack on New York's World Trade Center, the Yankees defeated the Oakland A's three games to two in the ALDS, and then the Seattle Mariners, who had won 116 games, four games to one in the ALCS. By winning the pennant for a fourth straight year, the 1998\u20132001 Yankees joined the 1921\u20131924 New York Giants, and the Yankee teams of 1936\u20131939, 1949\u20131953, 1955\u20131958 and 1960\u20131964 as the only dynasties to reach at least four straight pennants. The Yankees had now won eleven consecutive postseason series over a four-year period."], "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#3", "question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "rewrite": "did Roger Clemens ever make the all star team?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts.", "Tim Wakefield Timothy Stephen Wakefield (born August 2, 1966) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Wakefield began his pitching career with the Pittsburgh Pirates, but is most remembered for his 17-year tenure with the Boston Red Sox, starting in 1995 and ending with his retirement in 2012 as the longest-serving player on the team. Wakefield, at the time of his retirement, was the oldest active player in the majors. Known for his signature knuckleball, Wakefield won his 200th career game on September 13, 2011 against the Toronto Blue Jays, and is third on the Boston Red Sox with 186 team victories, behind both Cy Young and Roger Clemens. He is second in all-time wins at Fenway Park with 97, behind Roger Clemens' 100, and is first all-time in innings pitched by a Red Sox pitcher, with 3,006, having surpassed Roger Clemens' total of 2,777 on June 8, 2010. Wakefield was nominated eight times for the Roberto Clemente Award, winning the award in 2010. Wakefield was born in Melbourne, Florida on August 2, 1966. He attended Eau Gallie High School and then attended Florida Tech. At Florida Tech, he was named the Panthers team MVP as a first baseman in his sophomore and junior years. He set single-season records with 22 home runs, as well as the career home run record at 40. In 2006, his number 3 was retired by the college. Wakefield was drafted as a second baseman in 1988 by the Pittsburgh Pirates. After a scout told him that he would never get above Double-A ball as a position player with his skills, Wakefield began developing the knuckleball that has made him so well known, at the time stating \"I just want to be able to say I tried everything I could to make it\".", "Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter."], "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#4", "question": "Did he set any records?", "rewrite": "Did Roger Clemens set any records?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter.", "Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts.", "American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "With his departure increasingly slim, Clemens played his last home again for the club, where he scored in a 2\u20131 loss against Hertha BC on 12 May 2013. Clemens' move to Schalke 04 was confirmed on 17 June 2013. On 17 June 2013, Schalke 04 confirmed that Christian Clemens had signed a 4-year professional contract with them until 30 June 2017. The transfer fee is reported as \u20ac3,000,000 by the S04 Sport and Communications manager Horst Heldt. Upon joining the club, Clemens was assigned a number 11 shirt, previously worn by Ibrahim Afellay. Clemens made his debut for the club, in the opening game of the season, where he played the whole game and set up one of the goals, in a 3\u20133 draw against Hamburger. In the second round of DFB-Pokal, Clemens set one of the goals, in a 3\u20131 win over Darmstadt 98 to progress to the next round. Clemens remained in the first team at the start of the season until he suffered a strain on his muscle thigh. Clemens returned to the first team from injury on 7 December 2013, in a 2\u20131 loss against Borussia M\u00f6nchengladbach. However, Clemens suffered a stubborn palsy problems that kept him out for the rest of the season. Ahead of the 2014\u201315 season, Clemens continued to recover from his injury, but suffered a muscle fiber tears in the pre-season. Soon, he began to recover quickly the following month and made his first appearance on 18 August 2014, in the first round of DFB-Pokal, with a 2\u20131 loss against Dynamo Dresden. However, Clemens struggled to regain his first team place since returning from injury at Schalke 04."], "answer": {"text": "He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams.", "answer_start": 972}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#5", "question": "What teams did he play for?", "rewrite": "What teams did Roger Clemens play for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kody Clemens Kody Clemens (born May 15, 1996) is an American professional baseball second baseman in the Detroit Tigers organization. Clemens was selected by the Detroit Tigers with the 79th overall pick of the 2018 Major League Baseball draft. He played college baseball for the Texas Longhorns. Clemens is the son of former MLB pitcher Roger Clemens. Clemens attended Memorial High School in Houston, Texas. Playing for the school's baseball team, he batted .553 during his senior season. He was named first team all-district selection in 2013 and was a Perfect Game Honorable Mention for high school in 2013 and 2014. He committed to the University of Texas at Austin to play college baseball for the Texas Longhorns As a freshman in 2016, batted with a .242 batting average and five home runs. As a sophomore in 2017, Clemens underwent Tommy John surgery. However, Clemens did play as the team's designated hitter. Clemens had a breakout junior season batting .352 with 23 home runs. These stats even earned him Big 12 player of the week. On June 7, 2018, Clemens was named a finalist for the Golden Spikes Award and the Dick Howser Trophy. The Detroit Tigers selected Clemens with the 79th overall pick in the 2018 Major League Baseball draft. He received a $600,000 signing bonus and made his professional debut with the West Michigan Whitecaps of the Class A Midwest League. He was promoted to the Lakeland Flying Tigers of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League in August. In 52 total games between the two clubs, Clemens slashed .288/.365/.450 with five home runs and twenty RBIs. Clemens began 2019 with Lakeland before being promoted to the Erie SeaWolves at the end of the season. Over 128 games between both teams , he batted .231/.310/.397 with 12 home runs and 63 RBIs.", "American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter.", "1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts."], "answer": {"text": "member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee.", "answer_start": 1139}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#6", "question": "Did he have any other honors?", "rewrite": "Besides 1,014 strikeouts, did Roger Clemens have any other honors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["2004 Houston Astros season The Houston Astros' 2004 season was the 43rd in club history, their 43rd in the National League (NL), eleventh in the National League Central division, and fifth at Minute Maid Park. They hosted that year's All-Star Game, the first at Minute Maid Park. Despite a 44\u201344 record, Phil Garner replaced Jimy Williams as manager during the season. The Astros finished second in the Central division and captured the NL wild card. The Astros won a postseason series for the first time in franchise history by defeating the Atlanta Braves in the National League Division Series (NLDS), scoring an NLDS-record 36 runs. Roger Clemens won the NL Cy Young Award, becoming the fourth pitcher to win the award in both leagues, and the only one with seven overall. When he hit his sixth career grand slam against the Milwaukee Brewers on April 9, first baseman Jeff Bagwell tied a club record. Starting pitcher Roger Clemens was named National League Pitcher of the Month in April after going 5\u20130 in a win\u2013loss record (W\u2013L) with a 1.95 earned run average (ERA), 32 strikeouts and 14 bases on balls in innings pitched. In just one start did he allow more than one run. Clemens passed Steve Carlton to move into then-second place behind Nolan Ryan on the all-time strikeout list on May 6 against the Pittsburgh Pirates in a 6\u20132 victory while striking out nine and bringing his career total to 4,140. In May, outfielder Lance Berkman produced a .785 slugging percentage with 24 runs batted in (RBI), winning his first career National League Player of the Month honors. In a three-team deal involving the Kansas City Royals and Oakland Athletics, the Astros acquired center fielder Carlos Beltr\u00e1n. The Royals sent Beltr\u00e1n to Houston for minor league catcher John Buck and cash.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter.", "Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts.", "In 1999, while many of his performances and milestones were yet to come, he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In 2005, the updated Sporting News list moved Clemens up to #15. By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001, and the National League award in 2004), an MVP and two pitching triple crowns. With his 2004 win, he joined Gaylord Perry, Randy Johnson, and Pedro Martinez as the only pitchers to win it in both leagues and became the oldest pitcher to ever win the Cy Young. He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986. In October 2006, Clemens was named to Sports Illustrated's \"all-time\" team. On August 18, 2007, Clemens got his 1,000th strikeout as a Yankee. He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams. Clemens has recorded a total of 2,590 strikeouts as a member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee. Of his nearly quarter century in the Major Leagues, 13 years have been spent with the Red Sox and 6 with the New York Yankees. In January 2013, in his first year of eligibility, Clemens received only 37.6% of the votes cast and was denied entry into the Hall of Fame, falling short of the 75% required for induction."], "answer": {"text": "Clemens is currently the only eligible member of the 300 win club not to be inducted into the Hall.", "answer_start": 97}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he play for?", "answer": {"text": "member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee.", "answer_start": 1139, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#7", "question": "Who else is in this club?", "rewrite": "Besides Roger Clemens, is anyone else not in the Hall?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts.", "American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter.", "Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "Clemens has appeared as himself in several movies and television episodes and has also occasionally acted in films. Perhaps best known was his appearance in the season three episode of The Simpsons (\"Homer at the Bat\") where he is hypnotized into thinking he is a chicken (he did his own clucking). Clemens has also made guest appearances as himself on the TV shows Hope & Faith, Spin City, Arli$$, and Saturday Night Live as well as the movie Anger Management, and makes a brief appearance in the movie Kingpin as the character Skidmark. He also is shown playing an actual game with the Houston Astros in the film Boyhood. He appeared in the 1994 movie Cobb as an unidentified pitcher for the Philadelphia A's. In 2003, he was part of an advertising campaign for Armour hot dogs with MLB players Ken Griffey Jr., Derek Jeter, and Sammy Sosa. Since 2005, Clemens has also appeared in many commercials for Texas-based supermarket chain H-E-B. In 2007, he appeared on a baseball-themed episode of MythBusters (\"Baseball Myths\"). He has also starred in a commercial for Cingular parodying his return from retirement. He was calling his wife, Debra Godfrey, and a dropped call resulted in his return to the Yankees. He released an early autobiography, Rocket Man: The Roger Clemens Story written with Peter Gammons, in 1987. Clemens is also the spokesperson for Champion car dealerships in South Texas. In April 2009, Clemens was the subject of an unauthorized biography by Jeff Pearlman, titled The Rocket that Fell to Earth-Roger Clemens and the Rage for Baseball Immortality, that focused on his childhood and early career and accused Mike Piazza of using steroids."], "answer": {"text": "With the inductions of Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine the following year and Randy Johnson", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he play for?", "answer": {"text": "member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee.", "answer_start": 1139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other honors?", "answer": {"text": "Clemens is currently the only eligible member of the 300 win club not to be inducted into the Hall.", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#8", "question": "So he never got voted into the hall of fame?", "rewrite": "So Roger Clemens never got voted into the hall of fame?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "Brian McNamee Brian Gerard McNamee (born c. 1967) is a former New York City police officer, personal trainer, and Major League Baseball strength-and-conditioning coach. He is notable for providing performance-enhancing drugs to Major League Baseball players, and also for testifying against former New York Yankees pitcher Roger Clemens at a 2008 United States Congressional hearing that concerned the veracity of the 2007 George J. Mitchell Report. McNamee grew up in Breezy Point, Queens. He attended Archbishop Molloy High School. From 1986 to 1989, McNamee was a student at St. John's University in Queens. At one point he was employed at St John's University, teaching in the sports management program. McNamee falsely held himself out to be a doctor. He claimed his doctorate was from Columbus University (Louisiana). McNamee gained notoriety following the release of Major League Baseball's Mitchell Report, which alleges that McNamee helped acquire performance-enhancing drugs including anabolic steroids, amphetamines, and human growth hormone (HGH) for some or all of the players he personally trained, who included Roger Clemens, Andy Pettitte, and Chuck Knoblauch. McNamee told the Mitchell Commission during their 20-month investigation that he began injecting Clemens with steroids during the 1998 season and that he continued to provide these steroids through 2001. Given the dominant performances produced by Clemens from that time forward, such that Clemens had become widely expected to be a future member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, many feel that this claim constitutes the most incendiary accusation in the Mitchell Report.", "1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter."], "answer": {"text": "denied entry into the Hall of Fame, falling short of the 75% required for induction.", "answer_start": 1427}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he play for?", "answer": {"text": "member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee.", "answer_start": 1139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other honors?", "answer": {"text": "Clemens is currently the only eligible member of the 300 win club not to be inducted into the Hall.", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who else is in this club?", "answer": {"text": "With the inductions of Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine the following year and Randy Johnson", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#9", "question": "What percent did he get?", "rewrite": "What percent did Roger Clemens get?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tim Wakefield Timothy Stephen Wakefield (born August 2, 1966) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. Wakefield began his pitching career with the Pittsburgh Pirates, but is most remembered for his 17-year tenure with the Boston Red Sox, starting in 1995 and ending with his retirement in 2012 as the longest-serving player on the team. Wakefield, at the time of his retirement, was the oldest active player in the majors. Known for his signature knuckleball, Wakefield won his 200th career game on September 13, 2011 against the Toronto Blue Jays, and is third on the Boston Red Sox with 186 team victories, behind both Cy Young and Roger Clemens. He is second in all-time wins at Fenway Park with 97, behind Roger Clemens' 100, and is first all-time in innings pitched by a Red Sox pitcher, with 3,006, having surpassed Roger Clemens' total of 2,777 on June 8, 2010. Wakefield was nominated eight times for the Roberto Clemente Award, winning the award in 2010. Wakefield was born in Melbourne, Florida on August 2, 1966. He attended Eau Gallie High School and then attended Florida Tech. At Florida Tech, he was named the Panthers team MVP as a first baseman in his sophomore and junior years. He set single-season records with 22 home runs, as well as the career home run record at 40. In 2006, his number 3 was retired by the college. Wakefield was drafted as a second baseman in 1988 by the Pittsburgh Pirates. After a scout told him that he would never get above Double-A ball as a position player with his skills, Wakefield began developing the knuckleball that has made him so well known, at the time stating \"I just want to be able to say I tried everything I could to make it\".", "Roger Clemens Award The Roger Clemens Award was an award that honored the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year. The award was created prior to the 2004 season and succeeded the Rotary Smith Award. Roger Clemens was an extremely successful college player with the Texas Longhorns before starting his professional career. The winner was determined by a vote of all Division I head coaches, selected members of the media, all past winners of the Roger Clemens Award, and all past winners of the Rotary Smith Award. The award was discontinued following the 2008 college baseball season. Since 2009, the National Pitcher of the Year Award, presented by the College Baseball Foundation, now honors the top NCAA Division I college baseball pitcher of the year.", "1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game The 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 57th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 15, 1986, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, the home of the Houston Astros of the National League. The game resulted in the American League defeating the National League 3-2 and ended a streak where the NL won 13 of the last 14 games. Boston Red Sox pitcher Roger Clemens was named the Most Valuable Player. Players in \"italics\" have since been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Wally Joyner was the first rookie to be elected to the starting team of an All-Star squad by the fans and the fifteenth rookie overall to actually start in a Midsummer Classic but the evening belonged to Roger Clemens. Roger Clemens made his All-Star Game debut and the game was held in his hometown of Houston. With help from Ted Higuera, Charlie Hough, Dave Righetti and Don Aase, Clemens shut down the National League and started his record setting All-Star Game career. Clemens pitched three perfect innings, had no hits allowed and no walks allowed, which included only three balls and twenty-one strikes, against the formidable National League lineup earning him the All-Star Most Valuable Player Award. The National League pitching staff stuck out twelve batters, a total equaled only three times before in All-Star History: 1934 All-Star Game [National League], 1956 All-Star Game [American League] and 1959 All-Star Game [National League]. In the second inning, Tigers second baseman Lou Whitaker followed a Dave Winfield double with a homer off Mets pitcher Dwight Gooden. By the fourth inning, Fernando Valenzuela had achieved five consecutive strikeouts.", "American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime American Icon: The Fall of Roger Clemens and the Rise of Steroids in America's Pastime is a book written by Teri Thompson, Michael O'Keeffe, Nathaniel Vinton & Christian Red, four sportswriters from the \"New York Daily News\", that was released in 2009. It focuses on seven-time Cy Young Award-winning pitcher Roger Clemens' alleged use of steroids, relationship with trainer Brian McNamee, and both their testimonies in front of Congress regarding the Mitchell Report (2007). The book received a very positive review from Michiko Kakutani of \"The New York Times\". Clemens gave a rare radio interview to ESPN's \"Mike and Mike in the Morning\" on the book's release date to combat its claims.", "Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball is a baseball video game released in North America during the years of 1991 and 1992 for the NES, Game Boy, Super NES, and Sega Genesis. All of the ballplayers have the likenesses and abilities of the 1991 Major League Baseball players they represent. However, since the game is not licensed by the Major League Baseball Players Association, the only player whose name appears in the game is, of course, AL Cy Young Award Winner Roger Clemens. The 26 teams featured in the game correspond to the 1991 MLB teams as well, though team nicknames have been changed due to the lack of an MLB license as well. In 1993, the game was released in Japan as and was only published for Nintendo's Game Boy and Super NES platforms. Kingsley Thurber, the composer for \"Roger Clemens' MVP Baseball\", also did the music for the Super NES version of \"Mortal Kombat\" along with \"Virtual Bart\", \"Looney Tunes B-Ball\" and various WWF video games. The game features 26 teams to use, an exhibition mode and a regular season mode consisting of 162 games. The game allowed players to \"save\" their career progress by giving them a password. Players had to memorize it and enter it at the menu screen when they wanted to continue the season. By pushing a certain sequence of buttons on the Super NES version, a screen can be accessed where the variables for offense (pitchers/runners) and defense (fielding) can be edited. Another test mode can be found by virtue of using either Game Genie or Pro Action Replay on the Super NES version; which acts more like a traditional cheat menu then the debug menu. The Super NES controls puts more emphasis on defense rather than offense as the majority of possible move combinations correspond to pitching a baseball to the batter."], "answer": {"text": "in his first year of eligibility, Clemens received only 37.6% of the votes cast", "answer_start": 1339}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he play for?", "answer": {"text": "member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee.", "answer_start": 1139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other honors?", "answer": {"text": "Clemens is currently the only eligible member of the 300 win club not to be inducted into the Hall.", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who else is in this club?", "answer": {"text": "With the inductions of Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine the following year and Randy Johnson", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So he never got voted into the hall of fame?", "answer": {"text": "denied entry into the Hall of Fame, falling short of the 75% required for induction.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c39ed6a73fd44cf49503de8a554df4c5_0_q#10", "question": "Is there anything else of note in this section?", "rewrite": "Besides not getting into the Hall of Fame, is there anything else of note?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "The truth is that he raised Nature to the rank of God by conceiving Nature as the fulness of reality, as the One and All. He rejected the specious simplicity obtainable by denying the reality of Matter, or of Mind, or of God. The cosmic system comprehends them all. In fact, God and Nature become identical when each is conceived as the Perfect Self-Existent. This constitutes Spinoza's \"Pantheism\". According to Spinoza, God has \"attributes\". One attribute is 'extension', another attribute is 'thought', and there are infinitely many such attributes. Since Spinoza holds that to exist is to \"act\", some readers take 'extension' to refer to an activity characteristic of bodies (for example, the active process of taking up space, exercising physical power, or resisting a change of place or shape). They take 'thought' to refer to the activity that is characteristic of minds, namely thinking, the exercise of mental power. Each attribute has modes. All bodies are modes of extension, and all ideas are modes of thought. Spinoza's ideas relating to the character and structure of reality are expressed by him in terms of \"substance\", \"attributes\", and \"modes\". These terms are very old and familiar, but not in the sense in which Spinoza employs them. To understand Spinoza, it is necessary to lay aside all preconceptions about them, and follow Spinoza closely. Spinoza found it impossible to understand the finite, dependent, transient objects and events of experience without assuming some reality not dependent on anything else but self-existent, not produced by anything else but eternal, not restricted or limited by anything else but infinite. Such an uncaused, self-sustaining reality he called \"substance\".", "Good Sam (2019 film) Good Sam is a 2019 American drama film. The film is a Netflix Original based on Dete Meserve's book of the same name and follows the events of the happenings surrounding an unknown good Samaritan (\"Good Sam\") who leaves cash on seemingly random doorsteps. The investigative news reporter Kate Bradley (Tiya Sircar) tries to find out Good Sam's true identity. Kate Bradley is a young reporter working on tragic stories, known as the \"bummer beat. \" She lives in New York City. One day, she covers a big fire happening at an abandoned warehouse, and a firefighter rescues her from danger. She runs the story, but her boss reprimands her for putting her life on the line. Kate goes to an event where her father is speaking. He is a politician and from their phone conversation beforehand, it is discovered that Kate has little interest or faith in politics. There, she meets Jack Hansen, a hedge fund manager who asks her out. She turns him down. Kate goes to a staff meeting the next day, and her boss gives her a different kind of story to work on: a woman named Christina found $100,000 in cash in a bag with a sideways eight on it on her front doorstep. She believes a Good Samaritan gave it to her. It had no note attached or anything else there except for the bag of money. Kate goes to interview the woman, and along the way we find out that Kate is cynical and believes the person had an ulterior motive. Christina, however, is an optimist who sees the good in others. Bags of money begin to appear all over New York City, all on a doorstep of someone in need or someone who wants to help out a good cause, most without a note or anything else on them.", "Gi is one of the two giraffes in the City of Friends. Her long neck is very useful when she's on lookout duty in her tower at the police station. She keeps an eye out for thieves, fires, accidents or anything else that might be of interest to the city's emergency services. Raffe is the second giraffe in the City of Friends. His long neck is very useful when he's on lookout duty in his tower at the fire station. He keeps an eye out for thieves, fires, accidents or anything else that might be of interest to the city's emergency services. Kimmy the kangaroo hops around the city delivering the post. In her pouch she carries letters and parcels intended for the city's residents. In addition to delivering the post she also has lots of stories to tell. That is probably why she is known as the city's biggest chatterbox \u2013 she talks incessantly. Timba is a German shepherd puppy and police dog in training. He is Tiffany's constant companion and partner. He is an inquisitive, enthusiastic puppy. Timba lives with Tiffany. Tom has just started working for the fire service in the City of Friends. He is always happy and cheerful, and always ready with a quick response. Tom is Frankie's driver, and when they arrive at a fire it is his job to connect the fire hose to a water supply and to operate it. Martin and Mia are active 10-year old twins. They love cycling, running and exploring the countryside and everything they can see around them. Their curiosity and high levels of activity are always getting them into situations that keep the city's emergency services and their recruits busy throughout the week. Their best friend Jumpi is always with them. Mia and Martin's mother and father run the caf\u00e9 in the City of Friends."], "answer": {"text": "Clemens has recorded a total of 2,590 strikeouts as a member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee.", "answer_start": 1085}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Roger Clemens win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he ranked number 53 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected by the fans to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.", "answer_start": 73, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards during his playing career?", "answer": {"text": "By the end of the 2005 season, Clemens had won seven Cy Young Awards (he won the AL award in 1986, 1987, 1991, 1997, 1998, and 2001,", "answer_start": 298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were those the only years he won the Cy Young?", "answer": {"text": "and the National League award in 2004),", "answer_start": 431, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever make the all star team?", "answer": {"text": "He has also won the Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award five times, was named an All-Star 11 times, and won the All-Star MVP in 1986.", "answer_start": 691, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He is only the ninth player in major league history to record 1,000 or more strikeouts with two different teams.", "answer_start": 972, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What teams did he play for?", "answer": {"text": "member of the Red Sox and 1,014 strikeouts as a Yankee.", "answer_start": 1139, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other honors?", "answer": {"text": "Clemens is currently the only eligible member of the 300 win club not to be inducted into the Hall.", "answer_start": 97, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who else is in this club?", "answer": {"text": "With the inductions of Greg Maddux and Tom Glavine the following year and Randy Johnson", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "So he never got voted into the hall of fame?", "answer": {"text": "denied entry into the Hall of Fame, falling short of the 75% required for induction.", "answer_start": 1427, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What percent did he get?", "answer": {"text": "in his first year of eligibility, Clemens received only 37.6% of the votes cast", "answer_start": 1339, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#0", "question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "rewrite": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Western critics also condemned the intervention of Soviet forces during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, the Prague Spring and the war in Afghanistan as aggression against popular uprisings. Maoists argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist fa\u00e7ade (social imperialism). China's reassertion of central control over territories on the frontiers of the Qing dynasty, particularly Tibet, has also been condemned as imperialistic by some. According to Richard Pipes, the Soviet Union shares some responsibility for World War II. Pipes argues that both Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini used the Soviet Union as a model for their own regimes and that Hitler privately considered Stalin a \"genius\". According to Pipes, Stalin privately hoped that another world war would weaken his foreign enemies and allow him to assert Soviet power internationally. Before Hitler took power, Stalin allowed the testing and production of German weapons that were forbidden by the Versailles Treaty to occur on Soviet territory. Stalin is also accused of weakening German opposition to the Nazis before Hitler's rule began in 1933. During the 1932 German elections, for instance, he forbade the German Communists from collaborating with the Social Democrats. These parties together gained more votes than Hitler and some have later surmised could have prevented him from becoming Chancellor. Some states under communist rule have been criticized for directly supporting terrorist groups, such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Red Army Faction and the Japanese Red Army. North Korea has been implicated in terrorist acts such as Korean Air Flight 858. A number of communist states also held forced labor as a legal form of punishment for certain periods of time and again critics of these policies assert that many of those sentenced to forced labor camps such as the Gulag were sent there for political rather than criminal reasons.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes.", "The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "A 2005 review on Christopher Null's Filmcritic.com took issue with Curtis's retelling of the attacks on Bill Clinton in 'The Phantom Victory', crediting these more to the American Religious Right than the \"bookish university types\" of the neoconservative movement. Daniel Pipes, a conservative American political commentator and son of Richard Pipes who was interviewed in the film, wrote that the film dismisses the threat posed by Communism to the United States as, in Pipes words, \"only a scattering of countries that had harmless Communist parties, who could in no way threaten America.\" Pipes noted that the film adopts this conclusion without mentioning the Comintern, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs or Igor Gouzenko. Allegations have been made of omissions in the history described by the film. The absence of discussion of the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict was noticed by some viewers. Davis claimed that Leo Strauss's ideas had been formed by his experiences in Germany during the Weimar Republic, and alleged that the film's failure to mention this was motivated by a wish to portray Strauss as concerned with American suburban culture, like Qutb. After its release, \"The Power of Nightmares\" received multiple comparisons to \"Fahrenheit 9/11\", American filmmaker Michael Moore's 2004 critique of the first four years of George W. Bush's presidency of the United States. The \"Village Voice\" directly named \"The Power of Nightmares\" as, \"the most widely discussed docu agitprop since \"Fahrenheit 9/11\".\""], "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#1", "question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "rewrite": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A 2005 review on Christopher Null's Filmcritic.com took issue with Curtis's retelling of the attacks on Bill Clinton in 'The Phantom Victory', crediting these more to the American Religious Right than the \"bookish university types\" of the neoconservative movement. Daniel Pipes, a conservative American political commentator and son of Richard Pipes who was interviewed in the film, wrote that the film dismisses the threat posed by Communism to the United States as, in Pipes words, \"only a scattering of countries that had harmless Communist parties, who could in no way threaten America.\" Pipes noted that the film adopts this conclusion without mentioning the Comintern, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs or Igor Gouzenko. Allegations have been made of omissions in the history described by the film. The absence of discussion of the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict was noticed by some viewers. Davis claimed that Leo Strauss's ideas had been formed by his experiences in Germany during the Weimar Republic, and alleged that the film's failure to mention this was motivated by a wish to portray Strauss as concerned with American suburban culture, like Qutb. After its release, \"The Power of Nightmares\" received multiple comparisons to \"Fahrenheit 9/11\", American filmmaker Michael Moore's 2004 critique of the first four years of George W. Bush's presidency of the United States. The \"Village Voice\" directly named \"The Power of Nightmares\" as, \"the most widely discussed docu agitprop since \"Fahrenheit 9/11\".\"", "The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "At Harvard, Feith had studied under Richard Pipes, who joined the Reagan administration's National Security Council, in 1981, to help carry out a private intelligence project called Team B that Pipes and his students had conceived. Feith joined the NSC as a Middle East specialist that same year, working under Pipes. He transferred from the NSC staff to the Pentagon, in 1982, to work as special counsel for Richard Perle, who was then serving as assistant secretary to the United States Secretary of Defense. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger promoted Feith, in 1984, to deputy assistant secretary of defense for negotiations policy and when Feith left the Pentagon, in 1986, Weinberger awarded him the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, the department's highest civilian award. During his time in the Pentagon in the Reagan administration, Feith helped to convince the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Weinberger and Secretary of State George Shultz all to recommend against ratification of changes to the Geneva Conventions. The changes, known as the \"Additional Protocols\", grant armed non-state actors prisoner of war status under certain circumstances even if they fail to distinguish themselves from the civilian population to the same extent as members of the armed forces of a high contracting party. Reagan informed the United States Senate in 1987 that he would not ratify Additional Protocol I. At the time, both \"The Washington Post\" and \"The New York Times\" editorialized in favor of Reagan's decision to reject Additional Protocol I as a revision of humanitarian law that protected terrorists. Feith began his career as an attorney in private practice with the law firm Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP for 3 years, after which he joined the Reagan Administration (see previous section).", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes."], "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#2", "question": "What was notable about his approach?", "rewrite": "What was notable about Richard Pipes's approach?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "At Harvard, Feith had studied under Richard Pipes, who joined the Reagan administration's National Security Council, in 1981, to help carry out a private intelligence project called Team B that Pipes and his students had conceived. Feith joined the NSC as a Middle East specialist that same year, working under Pipes. He transferred from the NSC staff to the Pentagon, in 1982, to work as special counsel for Richard Perle, who was then serving as assistant secretary to the United States Secretary of Defense. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger promoted Feith, in 1984, to deputy assistant secretary of defense for negotiations policy and when Feith left the Pentagon, in 1986, Weinberger awarded him the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, the department's highest civilian award. During his time in the Pentagon in the Reagan administration, Feith helped to convince the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Weinberger and Secretary of State George Shultz all to recommend against ratification of changes to the Geneva Conventions. The changes, known as the \"Additional Protocols\", grant armed non-state actors prisoner of war status under certain circumstances even if they fail to distinguish themselves from the civilian population to the same extent as members of the armed forces of a high contracting party. Reagan informed the United States Senate in 1987 that he would not ratify Additional Protocol I. At the time, both \"The Washington Post\" and \"The New York Times\" editorialized in favor of Reagan's decision to reject Additional Protocol I as a revision of humanitarian law that protected terrorists. Feith began his career as an attorney in private practice with the law firm Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP for 3 years, after which he joined the Reagan Administration (see previous section).", "A 2005 review on Christopher Null's Filmcritic.com took issue with Curtis's retelling of the attacks on Bill Clinton in 'The Phantom Victory', crediting these more to the American Religious Right than the \"bookish university types\" of the neoconservative movement. Daniel Pipes, a conservative American political commentator and son of Richard Pipes who was interviewed in the film, wrote that the film dismisses the threat posed by Communism to the United States as, in Pipes words, \"only a scattering of countries that had harmless Communist parties, who could in no way threaten America.\" Pipes noted that the film adopts this conclusion without mentioning the Comintern, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs or Igor Gouzenko. Allegations have been made of omissions in the history described by the film. The absence of discussion of the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict was noticed by some viewers. Davis claimed that Leo Strauss's ideas had been formed by his experiences in Germany during the Weimar Republic, and alleged that the film's failure to mention this was motivated by a wish to portray Strauss as concerned with American suburban culture, like Qutb. After its release, \"The Power of Nightmares\" received multiple comparisons to \"Fahrenheit 9/11\", American filmmaker Michael Moore's 2004 critique of the first four years of George W. Bush's presidency of the United States. The \"Village Voice\" directly named \"The Power of Nightmares\" as, \"the most widely discussed docu agitprop since \"Fahrenheit 9/11\".\"", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes."], "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#3", "question": "How did Pipes answer his critics?", "rewrite": "How did Richard Pipes answer his critics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Western critics also condemned the intervention of Soviet forces during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, the Prague Spring and the war in Afghanistan as aggression against popular uprisings. Maoists argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist fa\u00e7ade (social imperialism). China's reassertion of central control over territories on the frontiers of the Qing dynasty, particularly Tibet, has also been condemned as imperialistic by some. According to Richard Pipes, the Soviet Union shares some responsibility for World War II. Pipes argues that both Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini used the Soviet Union as a model for their own regimes and that Hitler privately considered Stalin a \"genius\". According to Pipes, Stalin privately hoped that another world war would weaken his foreign enemies and allow him to assert Soviet power internationally. Before Hitler took power, Stalin allowed the testing and production of German weapons that were forbidden by the Versailles Treaty to occur on Soviet territory. Stalin is also accused of weakening German opposition to the Nazis before Hitler's rule began in 1933. During the 1932 German elections, for instance, he forbade the German Communists from collaborating with the Social Democrats. These parties together gained more votes than Hitler and some have later surmised could have prevented him from becoming Chancellor. Some states under communist rule have been criticized for directly supporting terrorist groups, such as the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Red Army Faction and the Japanese Red Army. North Korea has been implicated in terrorist acts such as Korean Air Flight 858. A number of communist states also held forced labor as a legal form of punishment for certain periods of time and again critics of these policies assert that many of those sentenced to forced labor camps such as the Gulag were sent there for political rather than criminal reasons.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes.", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "Quiz Kids (game show) Bay Area Quiz Kids is an academic quiz public-access television show for San Francisco Bay Area high schools. From the start in 1999 it has been hosted by Brad Friedman, the Drama Director at San Mateo High School. Originally developed as \"Peninsula Quiz Kids\" by Bob Marks and Liz La Porte of Peninsula TV Cable 26 (Pen-TV) in 1999, the show began airing on KRON-4 in San Francisco as \"Bay Area Quiz Kids\". The show is now a production of TV Game Brains, headed by Executive Producer Marc Balcer. Throughout its run, the show has been sponsored by the San Mateo Credit Union. Other sponsors have included Kaiser Permanente, SamTrans, the San Francisco Chronicle, AT&T, Oracle, Fisher Investments, and Wells Fargo Bank. \" Quiz Kids\" is played by two teams of three players each. The player in the center position is the team captain and is responsible for giving the team's answer on all non-toss-up questions. In early years the format varied somewhat from year to year. A face-off round of five questions from a single field in which one player from each team would answer questions was at one point used, but later dropped. The number of schools involved each year fluctuated from the original 16 up to about 40, but as schools grew discontent with bad judging and bad questions. Thirty-two teams competed in the 2010\u20132011 season with the members of the winning team receiving an all-expense paid trip to Europe courtesy of ACIS. In 2011-12 the competition saw 24 teams. The runners-up receive a $1000 scholarship per student provided by Golden Gate Commandry No. 16, Knights Templar and Burlingame Bodies Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. ACIS withdrew as a sponsor for the 2012\u201313 year."], "answer": {"text": "Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research,", "answer_start": 1536}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his approach?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#4", "question": "What was Pipes' advice regarding the USSR?", "rewrite": "What was Richard Pipes' advice regarding the USSR?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A 2005 review on Christopher Null's Filmcritic.com took issue with Curtis's retelling of the attacks on Bill Clinton in 'The Phantom Victory', crediting these more to the American Religious Right than the \"bookish university types\" of the neoconservative movement. Daniel Pipes, a conservative American political commentator and son of Richard Pipes who was interviewed in the film, wrote that the film dismisses the threat posed by Communism to the United States as, in Pipes words, \"only a scattering of countries that had harmless Communist parties, who could in no way threaten America.\" Pipes noted that the film adopts this conclusion without mentioning the Comintern, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs or Igor Gouzenko. Allegations have been made of omissions in the history described by the film. The absence of discussion of the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict was noticed by some viewers. Davis claimed that Leo Strauss's ideas had been formed by his experiences in Germany during the Weimar Republic, and alleged that the film's failure to mention this was motivated by a wish to portray Strauss as concerned with American suburban culture, like Qutb. After its release, \"The Power of Nightmares\" received multiple comparisons to \"Fahrenheit 9/11\", American filmmaker Michael Moore's 2004 critique of the first four years of George W. Bush's presidency of the United States. The \"Village Voice\" directly named \"The Power of Nightmares\" as, \"the most widely discussed docu agitprop since \"Fahrenheit 9/11\".\"", "The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "Anna Geifman Anna Geifman is an American historian. The field of her scientific interest includes political extremism, terrorism and the history of the Russian revolutionary movements. Geifman was born in 1962 in Leningrad, USSR and moved to Boston, Massachusetts with her parents in 1976. She received her BA from Boston University in 1984 and her PhD from Harvard University in 1990 under professor Richard Pipes. She is a Professor of History at Boston University, where she teaches undergraduate and graduate classes on the history of imperial Russia, the USSR, psychohistory, and modern terrorism. Geifman researches and writes on 20th- and 21st-century fundamentalist terrorism, emphasizing psychological patterns of political violence through comparative analysis. As psychohistorian, she focuses on incentives for extremist behavior, as well as on impact of organized brutality on the daily lives and emotional conditions of civilians in areas affected by terrorism. She has been living in Israel since 2007, working at Bar-Ilan University. Geifman has introduced the comparison between the pre-revolutionary Russian terrorist groups and the contemporary perpetrators of Islamist violence into the conversation on terrorism. Geifman downplays the importance of revolutionary ideologies, focusing not on the intellectual but on the psychological aspects of terrorism, which she relates to the perpetrators' difficulties in dealing with identity crises of modernity and post-modernity. She also underscores criminal tendencies both among the Russian radicals and the contemporary terrorists worldwide. In Geifman\u2019s opinion, the idea that taking on the responsibilities of government will moderate groups like Hamas and Hezbollah is a fallacy. A better understanding of how ideologically-driven groups that use terrorism as a tactic operate may be gained by looking at the Bolshevik Revolution.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes."], "answer": {"text": "He has also stated that their attempt at \"history from below\" only obfuscated the fact that \"Soviet citizens were the helpless victims of a totalitarian regime", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his approach?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Pipes answer his critics?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research,", "answer_start": 1536, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#5", "question": "How did the CIA view Pipes?", "rewrite": "How did the CIA view Richard Pipes?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "\"The administration did not try to determine the membership of Team B nor the process of the exercise, but it gave de facto control over these pivotal issues to a group of outspoken critics of d\u00e9tente who argued publicly that the United States was seriously underestimating the Soviet threat.\" Richard K. Betts, the Arnold Saltzman Professor of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University argues that the underlying problem was confusion about what level of analysis was at issue\u2014an implicit blurring together of Soviet political objectives and military strategy. Paul Warnke, an official at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) at the time of the Team B, wrote:  \" Time Magazine\" editor Strobe Talbott stated in 1990 that:  Richard Pipes has defended the project, and in 2003 said:  Also in 2003, Edward Jay Epstein offered that Team B had been a useful exercise in competitive analysis. Derek Leebaert, professor of government at Georgetown University, supported Team B in his 2002 book \"The Fifty Year Wound: How America's Cold War Victory Shapes Our World\". Although he agrees that \"Team B's alternative National Intelligence Estimate contained its own mistakes\", he claims that \"Russian sources now show that the Team B analysts were fundamentally correct on all the key issues.\" He further says that when Team B and the CIA debated their reports in 1976, the CIA \"conceded all essential points on Soviet nuclear war strategy to its harshest critics.\" In his 2007 book \"The Fall of the House of Bush\", \"Vanity Fair\" contributing editor Craig Unger goes into detail about the formation and inaccuracy of Team B: Jason Vest assessed the lasting implications of Team B:", "According to Mann, \"The underlying issue was whether the C.I.A. and other agencies were underestimating the threat from the Soviet Union, either by intentionally tailoring intelligence to support Kissinger's policy of d\u00e9tente or by simply failing to give enough weight to darker interpretations of Soviet intentions. \" Attempting to counter these claims, Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush formed a committee of anti-Communist experts, headed by Richard Pipes, to reassess the raw data. Based on the recommendation of Perle, Pipes picked Wolfowitz for this committee, which was later called Team B. The team's 1976 report, which was leaked to the press, stated that \"all the evidence points to an undeviating Soviet commitment to what is euphemistically called the 'worldwide triumph of socialism,' but in fact connotes global Soviet hegemony\", highlighting a number of key areas where they believed the government's intelligence analysts had failed. According to Jack Davis, Wolfowitz observed later: The B-Team demonstrated that it was possible to construct a sharply different view of Soviet motivation from the consensus view of the [intelligence] analysts and one that provided a much closer fit to the Soviets' observed behavior (and also provided a much better forecast of subsequent behavior up to and through the invasion of Afghanistan). The formal presentation of the competing views in a session out at [CIA headquarters in] Langley also made clear that the enormous experience and expertise of the B-Team as a group were formidable. Team B's conclusions have faced criticism. They have been called \"worst-case analysis\", ignoring the \"political, demographic, and economic rot\" already eating away at the Soviet system. Wolfowitz reportedly did not have a central role in Team B, mostly focused on analyzing the role that medium-range missiles played in Soviet military strategy.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes.", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his approach?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Pipes answer his critics?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research,", "answer_start": 1536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Pipes' advice regarding the USSR?", "answer": {"text": "He has also stated that their attempt at \"history from below\" only obfuscated the fact that \"Soviet citizens were the helpless victims of a totalitarian regime", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#6", "question": "How did others in the CIA view Pipes?", "rewrite": "How did others in the CIA view Richard Pipes?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to Mann, \"The underlying issue was whether the C.I.A. and other agencies were underestimating the threat from the Soviet Union, either by intentionally tailoring intelligence to support Kissinger's policy of d\u00e9tente or by simply failing to give enough weight to darker interpretations of Soviet intentions. \" Attempting to counter these claims, Director of Central Intelligence George H. W. Bush formed a committee of anti-Communist experts, headed by Richard Pipes, to reassess the raw data. Based on the recommendation of Perle, Pipes picked Wolfowitz for this committee, which was later called Team B. The team's 1976 report, which was leaked to the press, stated that \"all the evidence points to an undeviating Soviet commitment to what is euphemistically called the 'worldwide triumph of socialism,' but in fact connotes global Soviet hegemony\", highlighting a number of key areas where they believed the government's intelligence analysts had failed. According to Jack Davis, Wolfowitz observed later: The B-Team demonstrated that it was possible to construct a sharply different view of Soviet motivation from the consensus view of the [intelligence] analysts and one that provided a much closer fit to the Soviets' observed behavior (and also provided a much better forecast of subsequent behavior up to and through the invasion of Afghanistan). The formal presentation of the competing views in a session out at [CIA headquarters in] Langley also made clear that the enormous experience and expertise of the B-Team as a group were formidable. Team B's conclusions have faced criticism. They have been called \"worst-case analysis\", ignoring the \"political, demographic, and economic rot\" already eating away at the Soviet system. Wolfowitz reportedly did not have a central role in Team B, mostly focused on analyzing the role that medium-range missiles played in Soviet military strategy.", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "\"The administration did not try to determine the membership of Team B nor the process of the exercise, but it gave de facto control over these pivotal issues to a group of outspoken critics of d\u00e9tente who argued publicly that the United States was seriously underestimating the Soviet threat.\" Richard K. Betts, the Arnold Saltzman Professor of War and Peace Studies at Columbia University argues that the underlying problem was confusion about what level of analysis was at issue\u2014an implicit blurring together of Soviet political objectives and military strategy. Paul Warnke, an official at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA) at the time of the Team B, wrote:  \" Time Magazine\" editor Strobe Talbott stated in 1990 that:  Richard Pipes has defended the project, and in 2003 said:  Also in 2003, Edward Jay Epstein offered that Team B had been a useful exercise in competitive analysis. Derek Leebaert, professor of government at Georgetown University, supported Team B in his 2002 book \"The Fifty Year Wound: How America's Cold War Victory Shapes Our World\". Although he agrees that \"Team B's alternative National Intelligence Estimate contained its own mistakes\", he claims that \"Russian sources now show that the Team B analysts were fundamentally correct on all the key issues.\" He further says that when Team B and the CIA debated their reports in 1976, the CIA \"conceded all essential points on Soviet nuclear war strategy to its harshest critics.\" In his 2007 book \"The Fall of the House of Bush\", \"Vanity Fair\" contributing editor Craig Unger goes into detail about the formation and inaccuracy of Team B: Jason Vest assessed the lasting implications of Team B:", "The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his approach?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Pipes answer his critics?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research,", "answer_start": 1536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Pipes' advice regarding the USSR?", "answer": {"text": "He has also stated that their attempt at \"history from below\" only obfuscated the fact that \"Soviet citizens were the helpless victims of a totalitarian regime", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did the CIA view Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Richard Pipes, Criticism of Pipes' approach, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "A 2005 review on Christopher Null's Filmcritic.com took issue with Curtis's retelling of the attacks on Bill Clinton in 'The Phantom Victory', crediting these more to the American Religious Right than the \"bookish university types\" of the neoconservative movement. Daniel Pipes, a conservative American political commentator and son of Richard Pipes who was interviewed in the film, wrote that the film dismisses the threat posed by Communism to the United States as, in Pipes words, \"only a scattering of countries that had harmless Communist parties, who could in no way threaten America.\" Pipes noted that the film adopts this conclusion without mentioning the Comintern, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, Klaus Fuchs or Igor Gouzenko. Allegations have been made of omissions in the history described by the film. The absence of discussion of the Israeli\u2013Palestinian conflict was noticed by some viewers. Davis claimed that Leo Strauss's ideas had been formed by his experiences in Germany during the Weimar Republic, and alleged that the film's failure to mention this was motivated by a wish to portray Strauss as concerned with American suburban culture, like Qutb. After its release, \"The Power of Nightmares\" received multiple comparisons to \"Fahrenheit 9/11\", American filmmaker Michael Moore's 2004 critique of the first four years of George W. Bush's presidency of the United States. The \"Village Voice\" directly named \"The Power of Nightmares\" as, \"the most widely discussed docu agitprop since \"Fahrenheit 9/11\".\"", "At Harvard, Feith had studied under Richard Pipes, who joined the Reagan administration's National Security Council, in 1981, to help carry out a private intelligence project called Team B that Pipes and his students had conceived. Feith joined the NSC as a Middle East specialist that same year, working under Pipes. He transferred from the NSC staff to the Pentagon, in 1982, to work as special counsel for Richard Perle, who was then serving as assistant secretary to the United States Secretary of Defense. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger promoted Feith, in 1984, to deputy assistant secretary of defense for negotiations policy and when Feith left the Pentagon, in 1986, Weinberger awarded him the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, the department's highest civilian award. During his time in the Pentagon in the Reagan administration, Feith helped to convince the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Weinberger and Secretary of State George Shultz all to recommend against ratification of changes to the Geneva Conventions. The changes, known as the \"Additional Protocols\", grant armed non-state actors prisoner of war status under certain circumstances even if they fail to distinguish themselves from the civilian population to the same extent as members of the armed forces of a high contracting party. Reagan informed the United States Senate in 1987 that he would not ratify Additional Protocol I. At the time, both \"The Washington Post\" and \"The New York Times\" editorialized in favor of Reagan's decision to reject Additional Protocol I as a revision of humanitarian law that protected terrorists. Feith began his career as an attorney in private practice with the law firm Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP for 3 years, after which he joined the Reagan Administration (see previous section).", "The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes."], "answer": {"text": "Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents.", "answer_start": 544}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his approach?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Pipes answer his critics?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research,", "answer_start": 1536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Pipes' advice regarding the USSR?", "answer": {"text": "He has also stated that their attempt at \"history from below\" only obfuscated the fact that \"Soviet citizens were the helpless victims of a totalitarian regime", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did the CIA view Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did others in the CIA view Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#8", "question": "What was the result of this narrow focus on intellectuals?", "rewrite": "What was the result of Richard Pipes' narrow focus on intellectuals as causal agents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The organization chosen by the Ford administration to challenge the CIA's analysis was the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). In 1975, PFIAB members asked CIA Director William Colby to approve a project that would result in comparative assessments of the Soviet threat. Colby refused, stating it was hard \"to envisage how an ad hoc independent group of analysts could prepare a more thorough, comprehensive assessment of Soviet strategic capabilities than could the intelligence community. \" Colby was removed from his position in the November 1975 Halloween Massacre; Ford has stated that he had made the decision alone, but the historiography of the \"Halloween Massacre\" appears to support the allegations that Rumsfeld had successfully lobbied for this. When George H. W. Bush became the Director of Central Intelligence in 1976, the PFIAB renewed its request for comparative threat assessments. Although his top analysts argued against such an undertaking, Bush checked with the White House, obtained a go-ahead, and by May 26 had signed off on the experiment. A team of 16 \"outside experts\" were to take an independent look at highly classified data used by the intelligence community to assess Soviet strategic forces in the yearly National Intelligence Estimates. There were three teams: It was the third team, chaired by Harvard University professor Richard Pipes, that ultimately received the most publicity. It is now referred to as Team B.  PFIAB's Team B was headed by Richard Pipes, a Harvard historian and specialist in Russian history. Team B's members included Daniel O. Graham, Thomas Wolf, John Vogt, and William Van Cleave. Advisers included Foy D. Kohler, Seymour Weiss, Jasper Welch, Paul Wolfowitz, and Paul Nitze, who had been instrumental in the creation of the Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) in 1950.", "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes.", "For them, real-life settings are needed in order to produce worthwhile research artifacts. These artifacts are validated by the adoption rate of the practitioners within the community of practice associated with the field. Nowotny (2000) calls knowledge that has been validated by the multidisciplinary community of practice 'socially robust', meaning that it has been developed in (and for) contexts outside the laboratory and can be used by practitioners. In the following statement, Cook (1983) refers to the well-known educational researcher Cronbach about multivariate causal interdependency and validity, and the need for understanding the complexity of the situation being researched. Lawful statements of causation require full knowledge of this system of variables so that total prediction of the outcome can be achieved. From his belief in the systemic organization of causal connections and the utility of causal explanations of this type, Cronbach questions whether the experimentalists' isolation and manipulation of a small set of specific causal agents is sensitive to the real nature of causal agency, which depends on complex patterns of influence between multiple events and also involves characteristics of respondents, settings and times (p.78). Thus, Cook (1983) actually questions the validity of causal explanations generated in a context-free setting (the goal of positivistic, explanatory research). Causal relationships in pragmatic research are looked at somewhat differently, which is apparent in the wording alone. A statement about a causal relationship in positivistic research is something like the following; if you perform action x to subject y, then z happens. This assumes that the confounding variables have been ruled out, and the statement is always true, regardless of the situation (internally and externally valid).", "He wrote that \"from 22 ministers in the first Soviet government three were Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews\". This assertion has been discredited, as the number of Commissars in the first Soviet government on 7 November 1917 was 15, not 22, of whom 11 were ethnic Russians ( Milyutin, Yelizarov, Skvortsov, Lomov, Rykov, Lenin, Shlyapnikov, Nogin, Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko and Avilov), two Ukrainians (Lunacharsky and Dybenko), one Pole (Teodorovich), and only one Jew (Trotsky). Solzhenitsyn stated: \"I had to bury many comrades at the front, but not once did I have to bury a Jew\". He also stated that according to his personal experience, Jews had a much easier life in the GULAG camps that he was interned in. The book has been described by historian Richard Pipes of Harvard University as \"a conscious effort to show empathy for both sides\", and exonerating Jews for responsibility for the revolution: \" No, in no way can it be said that Jews 'made' the revolution of 1905 or 1917 as it was not made by another nation taken as a whole. \" At the same time Pipes writes that Solzhenitsyn is \"too eager to exonerate czarist Russia of mistreating its Jewish subjects, and as a consequence is insensitive to the Jews' predicament\". In Richard Pipes' opinion, the book absolves Solzhenitsyn from the taint of antisemitism, although he thinks the author's nationalism prevents him from being fully impartial, and that Solzhenitsyn is using outdated and inadequate sources.", "Cutting techniques in classical continuity editing serve to help establish or maintain continuity, as in the cross cut, which establishes the concurrence of action in different locations. Jump cuts are allowed in the form of the axial cut, which does not change the angle of shooting at all, but has the clear purpose of showing a perspective closer or farther from the subject, and therefore does not interfere with temporal continuity. Classical narration progresses always through psychological motivation, i.e., by the will of a human character and its struggle with obstacles towards a defined goal. This narrative element is commonly composed of a primary narrative (e.g. a romance) intertwined with a secondary narrative or narratives. This narrative is structured with an unmistakable beginning, middle and end, and generally there is a distinct resolution. Utilizing actors, events, causal effects, main points, and secondary points are basic characteristics of this type of narrative. The characters in Classical Hollywood Cinema have clearly definable traits, are active, and very goal oriented. They are causal agents motivated by psychological rather than social concerns. The narrative is a chain of cause and effect with the characters being the causal agents \u2014 in classical style, events do not occur randomly. Time in classical Hollywood is continuous, linear, and uniform, since non-linearity calls attention to the illusory workings of the medium. The only permissible manipulation of time in this format is the flashback. It is mostly used to introduce a memory sequence of a character, e. g., \"Casablanca\". The greatest rule of classical continuity regarding space is object permanence : the viewer must believe that the scene exists outside the shot of the cinematic frame to maintain the picture's realism. The treatment of space in classical Hollywood strives to overcome or conceal the two-dimensionality of film (\"invisible style\") and is strongly centered upon the human body."], "answer": {"text": "Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor,", "answer_start": 686}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his approach?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Pipes answer his critics?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research,", "answer_start": 1536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Pipes' advice regarding the USSR?", "answer": {"text": "He has also stated that their attempt at \"history from below\" only obfuscated the fact that \"Soviet citizens were the helpless victims of a totalitarian regime", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did the CIA view Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did others in the CIA view Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents.", "answer_start": 544, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_94559ad9239b4085889c5365dc3e152a_0_q#9", "question": "What else can you tell me about Peter Kenez?", "rewrite": "Aside from the fact that he's a one-time PhD student of Richard Pipes what else can you tell me about Peter Kenez?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review. Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians, who under the influence of the French Annales school, have tended since the 1970s to center their interpretation of the Russian Revolution on social movements from below in preference to parties and their leaders and interpreted political movements as responding to pressures from below rather than directing them. Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents. Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else. Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative in an attempt \"to put the clock back a few decades to the times when Cold War demonology was the norm\". Other critics have written that Pipes writes at length about what Pipes describes as Lenin's \"unspoken\" assumptions and conclusions, while neglecting what Lenin actually said. Alexander Rabinowitch writes that whenever a document can serve Pipes' long-standing crusade to demonize Lenin, Pipes will comment on it at length; if the document allows Lenin to be seen in a less negative light, Pipes passes over it without comment. Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research, by means of statistics, to support their preconceived ideological interpretation of events, which made the results of their research \"as unreadable as they were irrelevant for the understanding of the subject\" to provide intellectual cover for Soviet terror and acting as simpletons and /or Communist dupes.", "The film was the first in a series of four which director Chiaureli directed with Joseph Stalin as their main theme, and the marked Mikheil Gelovani's first appearance as Stalin on screen - a role he since played in thirteen other productions. By April 1939, the picture was already viewed by some 15,000,000 people. In 1941, Chiaureli and Gelovani both won the Stalin Prize, 1st class, for their work on the film. \"The Great Dawn\" was released in the United States in 1940. New York Times' critic interpreted its distribution there as being influenced by the signing of the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact, writing: \"conforming with the pact and the new party line, Soviet filmmakers now tell the world that the Russian and the German comrades would have reconciled back in 1917 if it hadn't been for the Anglo-French \"imperialists\"... The rest of it is in the familiar vein of Soviet lily-gilding.\" Historian Peter Kenez viewed the film as the one \"best anticipating the future of Stalin's image\" in cinema, noting that Chiaureli allowed him to \"escape Lenin's shadow\" and turned him to the one the revolutionaries looked up to for leadership. Cinema scholar Nikolas H\u00fclbusch regarded \"The Great Dawn\" as \"the first contribution of the Tbilisi Studio to Stalin's cult of personality\", noting that the premier's character began to exhibit the traits that would define it in later propaganda films, like the ability to mellow out the romantic relationships of his followers. Antonin and Mira Liehm commented that the picture was the first to clearly portray Stalin in the forefront of the Revolution and as Lenin's \"closest collaborator and successor\".", "Some, like Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum, also known as \"Voline\", and Aron Baron were intellectuals who served on the Cultural-Educational Commission, wrote his manifestos, and edited his journals, but the great majority fought in the ranks of the Anarchist Black Army, either in special detachments of Jewish artillery and infantry, or else within the regular anarchist army brigades alongside peasants and workers of Ukrainian, Russian, and other ethnic origins. Together they formed a significant part of Makhno's anarchist army. Significantly, during the Russian civil war, the \"Merkaz\" or \"Central Committee of the Zionist Organization in Russia\" regularly reported on many armed groups committing \"pogroms\" against Jews in Russia, including the Whites, the Russian Ukrainian 'Green' nationalist Nikifor Grigoriev (later shot by Black Army troops on Makhno's orders) as well as Red Army forces, but did not accuse Makhno or the anarchist Black Army of directing pogroms or other attacks against Russian Jews. According to Peter Kenez, \u201cHe was a self-educated man, committed to the teachings of Bakunin and Kropotkin, and he could not fairly be described as an anti-Semite. Makhno had Jewish comrades and friends; and like Symon Petliura, he issued a proclamation forbidding pogroms.\u201d Kenez goes on to claim (with no evidence, reason or source) that the anarchist leader could not or did not impose discipline on his soldiers. In the name of \u2018class struggle\u2019 his troops with particular enthusiasm robbed Jews of whatever they had.\u201d This would be in the spirit of standards of behaviour which Makhno promoted for his troops, which called for war against \"the rich bourgeoisie of all nationalities", "Peter Kenez Peter Kenez (born 1937) is a historian specializing in Russian history and Eastern Europe. He was born in Hungary and a survivor of Holocaust himself. He also teaches courses on Soviet cinema and an interdisciplinary course on the Holocaust with literature professor Murray Baumgarten. He has taught at the University of California, Santa Cruz since 1966, where he is currently Professor Emeritus. He received his PhD from Harvard where his advisor was Richard Pipes.", "At 1971, Du\u0161an Makavejev had used footage from a copy of \"The Vow \" he found in Yugoslav archives for the making of his film \"\". Richard Taylor noted that \"The Vow\" signaled a transformation in Stalin's cult of personality: rather than being seen merely as Lenin's successor, the premier was now also credited as a leader on his own right, by highlighting his role as the nation's savior during World War II. Unlike Chiaureli's next film, \"The Fall of Berlin\", Lenin still had a considerable impact on the plot, but only in an inspirational manner - he was not seen alive, and the film deals with his burial. According to author Evgeni Dobrenko, Stalin's new status was hinted in another form: on the very month in which \"The Vow\" was released, the second part of \"Ivan the Terrible\" was sharply condemned by critics. Historical films like \"Ivan\" and \"Peter the Great\", that depicted great leaders of the past, served to reinforce the need for a strong ruler and legitimize Stalin's autocracy. With the prestige acquired by victory in World War II, he no longer needed this kind of support. Peter Kenez wrote that it was \"the first film entirely devoted to Stalin himself.\" Kenez also noted that the picture was the most exhaustive Stalinist interpretation of history seen on screen. J. Hoberman wrote that it \"replaces history\", by depicting all that transpired between Lenin's death and the victory in the war, in accordance with the official Soviet narrative: Stalin rises to power, promotes the Five-Year Plans, brings prosperity to the people, attempts to convince the treacherous capitalists to form an alliance against Nazi Germany and then leads the Soviet Union to victory against Hitler."], "answer": {"text": "argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor, intent solely on proving the criminal intent of the \"defendant\" to the exclusion of anything else.", "answer_start": 733}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who criticized Richard Pipes' approach?", "answer": {"text": "Criticism of Pipes's interpretation of the events of 1917 has come mostly from \"revisionist\" Soviet historians,", "answer_start": 117, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Richard Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "The writings of Richard Pipes have provoked criticism in the scholarly community, for example in The Russian Review.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was notable about his approach?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes' critics argued that his historical writings perpetuated the Soviet Union as \"evil empire\" narrative", "answer_start": 897, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Pipes answer his critics?", "answer": {"text": "Pipes, in his turn - following the demise of the USSR - has charged the revisionists with skewing their research,", "answer_start": 1536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Pipes' advice regarding the USSR?", "answer": {"text": "He has also stated that their attempt at \"history from below\" only obfuscated the fact that \"Soviet citizens were the helpless victims of a totalitarian regime", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did the CIA view Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did others in the CIA view Pipes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Among members of this school, Lynne Viola and Sheila Fitzpatrick claim that Pipes has focused too narrowly on intellectuals as causal agents.", "answer_start": 544, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the result of this narrow focus on intellectuals?", "answer": {"text": "Peter Kenez (a one-time PhD student of Pipes') argued that Pipes has approached Soviet History as a prosecutor,", "answer_start": 686, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7741363075194a32ac1b945899e91e1b_1_q#0", "question": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "rewrite": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mae West (film)  Mae West (also known as \"The Mae West Story\") is a 1982 television film directed by Lee Philips that originally aired on May 2, 1982. It stars Ann Jillian as comedian actress and writer Mae West. The film features James Brolin, Piper Laurie, and Roddy McDowall in supporting roles. It was the third most-viewed prime time television program in the United States for the week of April 26-May 2, 1982.", "Mae West (sculpture) Mae West is a sculpture in Munich-Bogenhausen designed by Rita McBride. Named after the actress, the plastic artwork is a 52 meter high hyperboloid of one sheet built from carbon fiber reinforced polymer. \"Mae West\" was planned in 2002 for the newly available Effnerplatz after construction of a tunnel. Following highly controversial discussions about size, shape and cost both within the city council and among the citizens, the sculpture was built between October 2010 and January 2011. Since December 2011, the Munich tram drives through it. \"Mae West\" is located at the center of the (Effner square) in Munich-Bogenhausen, at the intersection of the Mittlerer Ring, the B\u00fclowstra\u00dfe and the Effnerstra\u00dfe. The sculpture stands on top of the Effnertunnel, a tunnel constructed for the Mittlerer Ring. East of it, the Arabellapark with its skyscrapers is located. Nearby multiple stops of the Munich Tram and Bus system are located. Trains of the Munich Tram are going through the sculpture. In 2002, due to the planning of the Effnertunnel, the newly available square was selected as the side of a new art project and eight artists were asked to develop ideas for this area. In the end, Rita McBride's idea won against drafts by, among others, Thomas Sch\u00fctte and Dennis Oppenheim. Due to the size of 52 m (171 ft) (previously 60 m) and the projected costs of \u20ac 1.5m, the sculpture was highly controversial. Munich mayor Christian Ude was the most prominent critic, comparing the sculpture to an egg cup. After heated discussions, Munich's city council voted 40-35 to build the sculpture, with the co-ruling Alliance 90/ The Greens party joining the opposition parties to vote for the sculpture.", "MAE-West  MAE-West was an Internet exchange point located on the west coast of the U.S. in San Jose, California and Los Angeles, California. Its name officially stands for \"Metropolitan Area Exchange, West\", although some note the similarity to the name of the actress Mae West. Its San Jose facility was housed in the Market Post Tower. Built in 1985, Market Post Tower, also known as the Gold Building, is a 15-story building located at 55 South Market at the corner Post Street in downtown San Jose, California. According to its website, \u201cMAE West is interconnected with the Ames Internet Exchange, operated by NASA at the Ames Research Center. This connection is currently two OC3c circuits directly between the FDDI switches at each end.\u201d In the 1990s, MAE-West was operated by MCI Worldcom and was the second-busiest exchange point on the internet, handling, by some estimates, as much as 40 percent of the nation's Internet traffic. MAE is a registered trademark of Verizon for internet exchange services.", "Surrealist artist and patron Edward James commissioned both of these pieces from Dali; James inherited a large English estate in West Dean, West Sussex when he was five and was one of the foremost supporters of the surrealists in the 1930s. \"Lobsters and telephones had strong sexual connotations for [Dali]\", according to the display caption for the Lobster Telephone at the Tate Gallery, \"and he drew a close analogy between food and sex.\" The telephone was functional, and James purchased four of them from Dali to replace the phones in his retreat home. One now appears at the Tate Gallery; the second can be found at the German Telephone Museum in Frankfurt; the third belongs to the Edward James Foundation; and the fourth is at the National Gallery of Australia. The wood and satin Mae West Lips Sofa was shaped after the lips of actress Mae West, whom Dali apparently found fascinating. West was previously the subject of Dali's 1935 painting The Face of Mae West. The Mae West Lips Sofa currently resides at the Brighton and Hove Museum in England. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 pieces of jewelry; many pieces are intricate, and some contain moving parts. The most famous assemblage, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds, created in such a way that the center \"beats\" much like a real heart. Dali himself commented that \"Without an audience, without the presence of spectators, these jewels would not fulfill the function for which they came into being. The viewer, then, is the ultimate artist.\" The \"Dali - Joies\" (\"The Jewels of Dali\") collection can be seen at the Dali Theater Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, where it is on permanent exhibition.", "Sextette Sextette is a 1978 American musical comedy film released by Crown International Pictures. The film stars Mae West. Other actors in the cast included Timothy Dalton, Dom DeLuise, Tony Curtis, Ringo Starr, Keith Moon, George Hamilton, Alice Cooper and Walter Pidgeon. Directed by Ken Hughes and produced by Daniel Briggs, Robert Sullivan and Harry Weiss for the production company Briggs and Sullivan, the script was dramatized for the screen, by Herbert Baker, from Mae West's final stage performance play \"Sextette,\" later renamed \"Sextet,\" which West herself had originally written (based on a story idea by Charlotte Francis) and performed on stage in 1961. Costumes were designed by Edith Head. Filmed at Paramount Studios, \"Sextette\" was Mae West's final film, as well as that of Walter Pidgeon and Keith Moon. Featured were cameos by Rona Barrett, Regis Philbin and George Raft, all of whom appeared as themselves. The film turned out to be a major box office bomb, grossing just $50,000 against an estimated budget between $4\u20138 million. The legendary American movie star and sex symbol Marlo Manners (Mae West) is in London, England, where she has just married for the sixth time. She and her new husband, Sir Michael Barrington (Timothy Dalton), then depart for a honeymoon suite at a posh and exclusive hotel that has been reserved for them by her manager, Dan Turner (Dom DeLuise). The hotel is also the location of an international conference, where leaders have come together to resolve tensions and problems that threaten the survival of the world. As the chairman, Mr. Chambers (Walter Pidgeon) is trying to call the meeting to order, the delegates are crowding to the windows in an effort to catch a glimpse of Marlo when she arrives."], "answer": {"text": "early 1930s", "answer_start": 39}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7741363075194a32ac1b945899e91e1b_1_q#1", "question": "what did she do?", "rewrite": "What did Mae West do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Surrealist artist and patron Edward James commissioned both of these pieces from Dali; James inherited a large English estate in West Dean, West Sussex when he was five and was one of the foremost supporters of the surrealists in the 1930s. \"Lobsters and telephones had strong sexual connotations for [Dali]\", according to the display caption for the Lobster Telephone at the Tate Gallery, \"and he drew a close analogy between food and sex.\" The telephone was functional, and James purchased four of them from Dali to replace the phones in his retreat home. One now appears at the Tate Gallery; the second can be found at the German Telephone Museum in Frankfurt; the third belongs to the Edward James Foundation; and the fourth is at the National Gallery of Australia. The wood and satin Mae West Lips Sofa was shaped after the lips of actress Mae West, whom Dali apparently found fascinating. West was previously the subject of Dali's 1935 painting The Face of Mae West. The Mae West Lips Sofa currently resides at the Brighton and Hove Museum in England. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 pieces of jewelry; many pieces are intricate, and some contain moving parts. The most famous assemblage, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds, created in such a way that the center \"beats\" much like a real heart. Dali himself commented that \"Without an audience, without the presence of spectators, these jewels would not fulfill the function for which they came into being. The viewer, then, is the ultimate artist.\" The \"Dali - Joies\" (\"The Jewels of Dali\") collection can be seen at the Dali Theater Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, where it is on permanent exhibition.", "MAE-West  MAE-West was an Internet exchange point located on the west coast of the U.S. in San Jose, California and Los Angeles, California. Its name officially stands for \"Metropolitan Area Exchange, West\", although some note the similarity to the name of the actress Mae West. Its San Jose facility was housed in the Market Post Tower. Built in 1985, Market Post Tower, also known as the Gold Building, is a 15-story building located at 55 South Market at the corner Post Street in downtown San Jose, California. According to its website, \u201cMAE West is interconnected with the Ames Internet Exchange, operated by NASA at the Ames Research Center. This connection is currently two OC3c circuits directly between the FDDI switches at each end.\u201d In the 1990s, MAE-West was operated by MCI Worldcom and was the second-busiest exchange point on the internet, handling, by some estimates, as much as 40 percent of the nation's Internet traffic. MAE is a registered trademark of Verizon for internet exchange services.", "Mae West (sculpture) Mae West is a sculpture in Munich-Bogenhausen designed by Rita McBride. Named after the actress, the plastic artwork is a 52 meter high hyperboloid of one sheet built from carbon fiber reinforced polymer. \"Mae West\" was planned in 2002 for the newly available Effnerplatz after construction of a tunnel. Following highly controversial discussions about size, shape and cost both within the city council and among the citizens, the sculpture was built between October 2010 and January 2011. Since December 2011, the Munich tram drives through it. \"Mae West\" is located at the center of the (Effner square) in Munich-Bogenhausen, at the intersection of the Mittlerer Ring, the B\u00fclowstra\u00dfe and the Effnerstra\u00dfe. The sculpture stands on top of the Effnertunnel, a tunnel constructed for the Mittlerer Ring. East of it, the Arabellapark with its skyscrapers is located. Nearby multiple stops of the Munich Tram and Bus system are located. Trains of the Munich Tram are going through the sculpture. In 2002, due to the planning of the Effnertunnel, the newly available square was selected as the side of a new art project and eight artists were asked to develop ideas for this area. In the end, Rita McBride's idea won against drafts by, among others, Thomas Sch\u00fctte and Dennis Oppenheim. Due to the size of 52 m (171 ft) (previously 60 m) and the projected costs of \u20ac 1.5m, the sculpture was highly controversial. Munich mayor Christian Ude was the most prominent critic, comparing the sculpture to an egg cup. After heated discussions, Munich's city council voted 40-35 to build the sculpture, with the co-ruling Alliance 90/ The Greens party joining the opposition parties to vote for the sculpture.", "Sextette Sextette is a 1978 American musical comedy film released by Crown International Pictures. The film stars Mae West. Other actors in the cast included Timothy Dalton, Dom DeLuise, Tony Curtis, Ringo Starr, Keith Moon, George Hamilton, Alice Cooper and Walter Pidgeon. Directed by Ken Hughes and produced by Daniel Briggs, Robert Sullivan and Harry Weiss for the production company Briggs and Sullivan, the script was dramatized for the screen, by Herbert Baker, from Mae West's final stage performance play \"Sextette,\" later renamed \"Sextet,\" which West herself had originally written (based on a story idea by Charlotte Francis) and performed on stage in 1961. Costumes were designed by Edith Head. Filmed at Paramount Studios, \"Sextette\" was Mae West's final film, as well as that of Walter Pidgeon and Keith Moon. Featured were cameos by Rona Barrett, Regis Philbin and George Raft, all of whom appeared as themselves. The film turned out to be a major box office bomb, grossing just $50,000 against an estimated budget between $4\u20138 million. The legendary American movie star and sex symbol Marlo Manners (Mae West) is in London, England, where she has just married for the sixth time. She and her new husband, Sir Michael Barrington (Timothy Dalton), then depart for a honeymoon suite at a posh and exclusive hotel that has been reserved for them by her manager, Dan Turner (Dom DeLuise). The hotel is also the location of an international conference, where leaders have come together to resolve tensions and problems that threaten the survival of the world. As the chairman, Mr. Chambers (Walter Pidgeon) is trying to call the meeting to order, the delegates are crowding to the windows in an effort to catch a glimpse of Marlo when she arrives.", "Mae West (film)  Mae West (also known as \"The Mae West Story\") is a 1982 television film directed by Lee Philips that originally aired on May 2, 1982. It stars Ann Jillian as comedian actress and writer Mae West. The film features James Brolin, Piper Laurie, and Roddy McDowall in supporting roles. It was the third most-viewed prime time television program in the United States for the week of April 26-May 2, 1982."], "answer": {"text": "with releases of her film songs on shellac 78 rpm records.", "answer_start": 51}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "answer": {"text": "early 1930s", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7741363075194a32ac1b945899e91e1b_1_q#2", "question": "did they become popular?", "rewrite": "Did the Mae West records become popular?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mae West (film)  Mae West (also known as \"The Mae West Story\") is a 1982 television film directed by Lee Philips that originally aired on May 2, 1982. It stars Ann Jillian as comedian actress and writer Mae West. The film features James Brolin, Piper Laurie, and Roddy McDowall in supporting roles. It was the third most-viewed prime time television program in the United States for the week of April 26-May 2, 1982.", "Mae West (sculpture) Mae West is a sculpture in Munich-Bogenhausen designed by Rita McBride. Named after the actress, the plastic artwork is a 52 meter high hyperboloid of one sheet built from carbon fiber reinforced polymer. \"Mae West\" was planned in 2002 for the newly available Effnerplatz after construction of a tunnel. Following highly controversial discussions about size, shape and cost both within the city council and among the citizens, the sculpture was built between October 2010 and January 2011. Since December 2011, the Munich tram drives through it. \"Mae West\" is located at the center of the (Effner square) in Munich-Bogenhausen, at the intersection of the Mittlerer Ring, the B\u00fclowstra\u00dfe and the Effnerstra\u00dfe. The sculpture stands on top of the Effnertunnel, a tunnel constructed for the Mittlerer Ring. East of it, the Arabellapark with its skyscrapers is located. Nearby multiple stops of the Munich Tram and Bus system are located. Trains of the Munich Tram are going through the sculpture. In 2002, due to the planning of the Effnertunnel, the newly available square was selected as the side of a new art project and eight artists were asked to develop ideas for this area. In the end, Rita McBride's idea won against drafts by, among others, Thomas Sch\u00fctte and Dennis Oppenheim. Due to the size of 52 m (171 ft) (previously 60 m) and the projected costs of \u20ac 1.5m, the sculpture was highly controversial. Munich mayor Christian Ude was the most prominent critic, comparing the sculpture to an egg cup. After heated discussions, Munich's city council voted 40-35 to build the sculpture, with the co-ruling Alliance 90/ The Greens party joining the opposition parties to vote for the sculpture.", "The Fabulous Mae West The Fabulous Mae West is a 1956 album released by film star Mae West on Decca Records in 1956. The album featured new songs and classic American popular music of the 1920s, 1930's and 1940s, including several songs long associated with the star. The album was in print for over twenty-five years, available on MCA Records into the 1980s. The record was produced by Milt Gabler.", "Surrealist artist and patron Edward James commissioned both of these pieces from Dali; James inherited a large English estate in West Dean, West Sussex when he was five and was one of the foremost supporters of the surrealists in the 1930s. \"Lobsters and telephones had strong sexual connotations for [Dali]\", according to the display caption for the Lobster Telephone at the Tate Gallery, \"and he drew a close analogy between food and sex.\" The telephone was functional, and James purchased four of them from Dali to replace the phones in his retreat home. One now appears at the Tate Gallery; the second can be found at the German Telephone Museum in Frankfurt; the third belongs to the Edward James Foundation; and the fourth is at the National Gallery of Australia. The wood and satin Mae West Lips Sofa was shaped after the lips of actress Mae West, whom Dali apparently found fascinating. West was previously the subject of Dali's 1935 painting The Face of Mae West. The Mae West Lips Sofa currently resides at the Brighton and Hove Museum in England. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 pieces of jewelry; many pieces are intricate, and some contain moving parts. The most famous assemblage, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds, created in such a way that the center \"beats\" much like a real heart. Dali himself commented that \"Without an audience, without the presence of spectators, these jewels would not fulfill the function for which they came into being. The viewer, then, is the ultimate artist.\" The \"Dali - Joies\" (\"The Jewels of Dali\") collection can be seen at the Dali Theater Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, where it is on permanent exhibition.", "Sextette Sextette is a 1978 American musical comedy film released by Crown International Pictures. The film stars Mae West. Other actors in the cast included Timothy Dalton, Dom DeLuise, Tony Curtis, Ringo Starr, Keith Moon, George Hamilton, Alice Cooper and Walter Pidgeon. Directed by Ken Hughes and produced by Daniel Briggs, Robert Sullivan and Harry Weiss for the production company Briggs and Sullivan, the script was dramatized for the screen, by Herbert Baker, from Mae West's final stage performance play \"Sextette,\" later renamed \"Sextet,\" which West herself had originally written (based on a story idea by Charlotte Francis) and performed on stage in 1961. Costumes were designed by Edith Head. Filmed at Paramount Studios, \"Sextette\" was Mae West's final film, as well as that of Walter Pidgeon and Keith Moon. Featured were cameos by Rona Barrett, Regis Philbin and George Raft, all of whom appeared as themselves. The film turned out to be a major box office bomb, grossing just $50,000 against an estimated budget between $4\u20138 million. The legendary American movie star and sex symbol Marlo Manners (Mae West) is in London, England, where she has just married for the sixth time. She and her new husband, Sir Michael Barrington (Timothy Dalton), then depart for a honeymoon suite at a posh and exclusive hotel that has been reserved for them by her manager, Dan Turner (Dom DeLuise). The hotel is also the location of an international conference, where leaders have come together to resolve tensions and problems that threaten the survival of the world. As the chairman, Mr. Chambers (Walter Pidgeon) is trying to call the meeting to order, the delegates are crowding to the windows in an effort to catch a glimpse of Marlo when she arrives."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "answer": {"text": "early 1930s", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do?", "answer": {"text": "with releases of her film songs on shellac 78 rpm records.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7741363075194a32ac1b945899e91e1b_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Mae West recording songs from her films are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mae West was a shrewd investor, produced her own stage acts, and invested her money in large tracts of land in Van Nuys, a thriving suburb of Los Angeles. With her considerable fortune, she could afford to do as she liked. In 1976, she appeared on Back Lot U.S.A. on CBS, where she was interviewed by Dick Cavett and sang \"Frankie and Johnny\" along with \"After You've Gone.\" That same year, she began work on her final film, Sextette (1978). Adapted from a 1959 script written by West, the film's daily revisions and production disagreements hampered production from the beginning. Due to the near-endless last-minute script changes and tiring production schedule, West agreed to have her lines signaled to her through a speaker concealed in her hair piece. Despite the daily problems, West was, according to Sextette director Ken Hughes, determined to see the film through. At 84, her now-failing eyesight made navigating around the set difficult, but she made it through the filming, a tribute to her self-confidence, remarkable endurance, and stature as a self-created star 67 years after her Broadway debut in 1911 at the age of 18. Time wrote an article on the indomitable star entitled \"At 84, Mae West Is Still Mae West\". Upon its release, Sextette was not a critical or commercial success, but remains notable for the diverse cast, and because none of West's contemporaries such as Dietrich, Garbo, etc., were still making films.", "Surrealist artist and patron Edward James commissioned both of these pieces from Dali; James inherited a large English estate in West Dean, West Sussex when he was five and was one of the foremost supporters of the surrealists in the 1930s. \"Lobsters and telephones had strong sexual connotations for [Dali]\", according to the display caption for the Lobster Telephone at the Tate Gallery, \"and he drew a close analogy between food and sex.\" The telephone was functional, and James purchased four of them from Dali to replace the phones in his retreat home. One now appears at the Tate Gallery; the second can be found at the German Telephone Museum in Frankfurt; the third belongs to the Edward James Foundation; and the fourth is at the National Gallery of Australia. The wood and satin Mae West Lips Sofa was shaped after the lips of actress Mae West, whom Dali apparently found fascinating. West was previously the subject of Dali's 1935 painting The Face of Mae West. The Mae West Lips Sofa currently resides at the Brighton and Hove Museum in England. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 pieces of jewelry; many pieces are intricate, and some contain moving parts. The most famous assemblage, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds, created in such a way that the center \"beats\" much like a real heart. Dali himself commented that \"Without an audience, without the presence of spectators, these jewels would not fulfill the function for which they came into being. The viewer, then, is the ultimate artist.\" The \"Dali - Joies\" (\"The Jewels of Dali\") collection can be seen at the Dali Theater Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, where it is on permanent exhibition.", "Sextette Sextette is a 1978 American musical comedy film released by Crown International Pictures. The film stars Mae West. Other actors in the cast included Timothy Dalton, Dom DeLuise, Tony Curtis, Ringo Starr, Keith Moon, George Hamilton, Alice Cooper and Walter Pidgeon. Directed by Ken Hughes and produced by Daniel Briggs, Robert Sullivan and Harry Weiss for the production company Briggs and Sullivan, the script was dramatized for the screen, by Herbert Baker, from Mae West's final stage performance play \"Sextette,\" later renamed \"Sextet,\" which West herself had originally written (based on a story idea by Charlotte Francis) and performed on stage in 1961. Costumes were designed by Edith Head. Filmed at Paramount Studios, \"Sextette\" was Mae West's final film, as well as that of Walter Pidgeon and Keith Moon. Featured were cameos by Rona Barrett, Regis Philbin and George Raft, all of whom appeared as themselves. The film turned out to be a major box office bomb, grossing just $50,000 against an estimated budget between $4\u20138 million. The legendary American movie star and sex symbol Marlo Manners (Mae West) is in London, England, where she has just married for the sixth time. She and her new husband, Sir Michael Barrington (Timothy Dalton), then depart for a honeymoon suite at a posh and exclusive hotel that has been reserved for them by her manager, Dan Turner (Dom DeLuise). The hotel is also the location of an international conference, where leaders have come together to resolve tensions and problems that threaten the survival of the world. As the chairman, Mr. Chambers (Walter Pidgeon) is trying to call the meeting to order, the delegates are crowding to the windows in an effort to catch a glimpse of Marlo when she arrives.", "Mae West (film)  Mae West (also known as \"The Mae West Story\") is a 1982 television film directed by Lee Philips that originally aired on May 2, 1982. It stars Ann Jillian as comedian actress and writer Mae West. The film features James Brolin, Piper Laurie, and Roddy McDowall in supporting roles. It was the third most-viewed prime time television program in the United States for the week of April 26-May 2, 1982.", "Mae West (sculpture) Mae West is a sculpture in Munich-Bogenhausen designed by Rita McBride. Named after the actress, the plastic artwork is a 52 meter high hyperboloid of one sheet built from carbon fiber reinforced polymer. \"Mae West\" was planned in 2002 for the newly available Effnerplatz after construction of a tunnel. Following highly controversial discussions about size, shape and cost both within the city council and among the citizens, the sculpture was built between October 2010 and January 2011. Since December 2011, the Munich tram drives through it. \"Mae West\" is located at the center of the (Effner square) in Munich-Bogenhausen, at the intersection of the Mittlerer Ring, the B\u00fclowstra\u00dfe and the Effnerstra\u00dfe. The sculpture stands on top of the Effnertunnel, a tunnel constructed for the Mittlerer Ring. East of it, the Arabellapark with its skyscrapers is located. Nearby multiple stops of the Munich Tram and Bus system are located. Trains of the Munich Tram are going through the sculpture. In 2002, due to the planning of the Effnertunnel, the newly available square was selected as the side of a new art project and eight artists were asked to develop ideas for this area. In the end, Rita McBride's idea won against drafts by, among others, Thomas Sch\u00fctte and Dennis Oppenheim. Due to the size of 52 m (171 ft) (previously 60 m) and the projected costs of \u20ac 1.5m, the sculpture was highly controversial. Munich mayor Christian Ude was the most prominent critic, comparing the sculpture to an egg cup. After heated discussions, Munich's city council voted 40-35 to build the sculpture, with the co-ruling Alliance 90/ The Greens party joining the opposition parties to vote for the sculpture."], "answer": {"text": "In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "answer": {"text": "early 1930s", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do?", "answer": {"text": "with releases of her film songs on shellac 78 rpm records.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7741363075194a32ac1b945899e91e1b_1_q#4", "question": "did that sell well?", "rewrite": "Did the Mae West 1975 book Sex, Health, and ESP sell well?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The specialties for the other ranks are field (Esp-01), mechanics (Esp-02), auto mechanics (Esp-03), engineering equipment mechanics (Esp-04), panel beater mechanics (Esp-05), auto body painter mechanics (Esp-06), services (Esp-07), audiovisual-multimedia (Esp-08), audiovisual-graphics (Esp-09), services saddler-upholstery (Esp-10), services psychometric laboratory operator (Esp-11), engineering sapper (Esp-12), NBC sapper (Esp-13), military light vehicles driving (Esp-14), military heavy vehicles driving (Esp-15), Army police (Esp-16), communications (Esp-17), music (Esp-18), health (Esp-19), paratroopers (Esp-20), special operations (Esp-21), commandos (Esp-22), construction (Esp-23), plumbing (Esp-24), construction carpenter (Esp-25), construction electrician (Esp-26), engineering heavy equipment operator (Esp-27), metalworking (Esp-28), farrier (Esp-29), catering (Esp-30), bakery (Esp-31) and rescue and assistance systems operator (Esp-32). The Air Force occupational groups are designated \"specialties\".", "The Corbets of the Channel Islands are documented in numerous Extentes namely; 1309 Roll of Assizes \u2013 2 references to \"Richard Corbel\" of Trinity 1272 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to \"Raoul Corbel\" 1331 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to \"Richard Corbel\", and 2 each to \"Jean Corbey\" and \"William Corbey\" 1528 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to \"Vincent Corbel\" of Trinity 1607 Extentes \u2013 1 reference each to \"Silvester Cobell\", \"Hellier Corbet\", \"Vincent Corbell\", \"John Corbell\" and 2 references to \"Drewet Corbell\" 1668 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to Corbel family 1749 Extentes \u2013 2 references to \"Elizabeth Corbet, daughter of James Corbet\" Some of these Corbets were born Jersey and the most notable was \u2013 Major Gov. Moses Corbet (1728\u20131814) \u2013 Lieutenant Governor of Jersey. Most of the Corbets had already moved to or later moved to Guernsey where the family flourished until c. 1956 upon the death of William Corbet, son of Jean Thomas Corbet. By the 20th century the Corbets were the largest land owners in the Vale Parish once known as the Clos du Valle. The Corbets under Jean Thomas Corbet Esq. (1836\u20131926) owned and operated two granite quarries which they exported stone to England. Louise Corbet, daughter of Jean Thomas married John Bichard and thus together the families created the first glasshouse growing operation in Guernsey; the vast estate was called \"Les Landes\". The Corbets entertained King George V and Queen Mary on their visit to the vineries in 1921.", "Surrealist artist and patron Edward James commissioned both of these pieces from Dali; James inherited a large English estate in West Dean, West Sussex when he was five and was one of the foremost supporters of the surrealists in the 1930s. \"Lobsters and telephones had strong sexual connotations for [Dali]\", according to the display caption for the Lobster Telephone at the Tate Gallery, \"and he drew a close analogy between food and sex.\" The telephone was functional, and James purchased four of them from Dali to replace the phones in his retreat home. One now appears at the Tate Gallery; the second can be found at the German Telephone Museum in Frankfurt; the third belongs to the Edward James Foundation; and the fourth is at the National Gallery of Australia. The wood and satin Mae West Lips Sofa was shaped after the lips of actress Mae West, whom Dali apparently found fascinating. West was previously the subject of Dali's 1935 painting The Face of Mae West. The Mae West Lips Sofa currently resides at the Brighton and Hove Museum in England. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 pieces of jewelry; many pieces are intricate, and some contain moving parts. The most famous assemblage, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds, created in such a way that the center \"beats\" much like a real heart. Dali himself commented that \"Without an audience, without the presence of spectators, these jewels would not fulfill the function for which they came into being. The viewer, then, is the ultimate artist.\" The \"Dali - Joies\" (\"The Jewels of Dali\") collection can be seen at the Dali Theater Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, where it is on permanent exhibition.", "Sextette Sextette is a 1978 American musical comedy film released by Crown International Pictures. The film stars Mae West. Other actors in the cast included Timothy Dalton, Dom DeLuise, Tony Curtis, Ringo Starr, Keith Moon, George Hamilton, Alice Cooper and Walter Pidgeon. Directed by Ken Hughes and produced by Daniel Briggs, Robert Sullivan and Harry Weiss for the production company Briggs and Sullivan, the script was dramatized for the screen, by Herbert Baker, from Mae West's final stage performance play \"Sextette,\" later renamed \"Sextet,\" which West herself had originally written (based on a story idea by Charlotte Francis) and performed on stage in 1961. Costumes were designed by Edith Head. Filmed at Paramount Studios, \"Sextette\" was Mae West's final film, as well as that of Walter Pidgeon and Keith Moon. Featured were cameos by Rona Barrett, Regis Philbin and George Raft, all of whom appeared as themselves. The film turned out to be a major box office bomb, grossing just $50,000 against an estimated budget between $4\u20138 million. The legendary American movie star and sex symbol Marlo Manners (Mae West) is in London, England, where she has just married for the sixth time. She and her new husband, Sir Michael Barrington (Timothy Dalton), then depart for a honeymoon suite at a posh and exclusive hotel that has been reserved for them by her manager, Dan Turner (Dom DeLuise). The hotel is also the location of an international conference, where leaders have come together to resolve tensions and problems that threaten the survival of the world. As the chairman, Mr. Chambers (Walter Pidgeon) is trying to call the meeting to order, the delegates are crowding to the windows in an effort to catch a glimpse of Marlo when she arrives.", "Though Mae West was given star billing to attract ticket buyers, her scenes were truncated by the inexperienced film editor, and her songs were filmed as though they were merely side acts. Despite Myra Breckinridge's mainstream failure, it continued to find an audience on the cult film circuit where West's films were regularly screened and West herself was dubbed \"the queen of camp\". Mae West's counterculture appeal included the young and hip, and by 1971, the student body of UCLA voted Mae West \"Woman of the Century\" in honor of her relevance as a pioneering advocate of sexual frankness and courageous crusader against censorship. In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP (William Allen & Sons, publisher), and Pleasure Man (Dell publishers) based on her 1928 play of the same name. Her autobiography, Goodness Had Nothing to Do with It, was also updated and republished in the 1970s."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "answer": {"text": "early 1930s", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do?", "answer": {"text": "with releases of her film songs on shellac 78 rpm records.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7741363075194a32ac1b945899e91e1b_1_q#5", "question": "did she write anything else?", "rewrite": "Other than the 1975 book Sex, Health, and ESP, did Mae West write anything else?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Surrealist artist and patron Edward James commissioned both of these pieces from Dali; James inherited a large English estate in West Dean, West Sussex when he was five and was one of the foremost supporters of the surrealists in the 1930s. \"Lobsters and telephones had strong sexual connotations for [Dali]\", according to the display caption for the Lobster Telephone at the Tate Gallery, \"and he drew a close analogy between food and sex.\" The telephone was functional, and James purchased four of them from Dali to replace the phones in his retreat home. One now appears at the Tate Gallery; the second can be found at the German Telephone Museum in Frankfurt; the third belongs to the Edward James Foundation; and the fourth is at the National Gallery of Australia. The wood and satin Mae West Lips Sofa was shaped after the lips of actress Mae West, whom Dali apparently found fascinating. West was previously the subject of Dali's 1935 painting The Face of Mae West. The Mae West Lips Sofa currently resides at the Brighton and Hove Museum in England. Between 1941 and 1970, Dali created an ensemble of 39 pieces of jewelry; many pieces are intricate, and some contain moving parts. The most famous assemblage, The Royal Heart, is made of gold and is encrusted with 46 rubies, 42 diamonds, and four emeralds, created in such a way that the center \"beats\" much like a real heart. Dali himself commented that \"Without an audience, without the presence of spectators, these jewels would not fulfill the function for which they came into being. The viewer, then, is the ultimate artist.\" The \"Dali - Joies\" (\"The Jewels of Dali\") collection can be seen at the Dali Theater Museum in Figueres, Catalonia, Spain, where it is on permanent exhibition.", "The Corbets of the Channel Islands are documented in numerous Extentes namely; 1309 Roll of Assizes \u2013 2 references to \"Richard Corbel\" of Trinity 1272 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to \"Raoul Corbel\" 1331 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to \"Richard Corbel\", and 2 each to \"Jean Corbey\" and \"William Corbey\" 1528 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to \"Vincent Corbel\" of Trinity 1607 Extentes \u2013 1 reference each to \"Silvester Cobell\", \"Hellier Corbet\", \"Vincent Corbell\", \"John Corbell\" and 2 references to \"Drewet Corbell\" 1668 Extentes \u2013 1 reference to Corbel family 1749 Extentes \u2013 2 references to \"Elizabeth Corbet, daughter of James Corbet\" Some of these Corbets were born Jersey and the most notable was \u2013 Major Gov. Moses Corbet (1728\u20131814) \u2013 Lieutenant Governor of Jersey. Most of the Corbets had already moved to or later moved to Guernsey where the family flourished until c. 1956 upon the death of William Corbet, son of Jean Thomas Corbet. By the 20th century the Corbets were the largest land owners in the Vale Parish once known as the Clos du Valle. The Corbets under Jean Thomas Corbet Esq. (1836\u20131926) owned and operated two granite quarries which they exported stone to England. Louise Corbet, daughter of Jean Thomas married John Bichard and thus together the families created the first glasshouse growing operation in Guernsey; the vast estate was called \"Les Landes\". The Corbets entertained King George V and Queen Mary on their visit to the vineries in 1921.", "Though Mae West was given star billing to attract ticket buyers, her scenes were truncated by the inexperienced film editor, and her songs were filmed as though they were merely side acts. Despite Myra Breckinridge's mainstream failure, it continued to find an audience on the cult film circuit where West's films were regularly screened and West herself was dubbed \"the queen of camp\". Mae West's counterculture appeal included the young and hip, and by 1971, the student body of UCLA voted Mae West \"Woman of the Century\" in honor of her relevance as a pioneering advocate of sexual frankness and courageous crusader against censorship. In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP (William Allen & Sons, publisher), and Pleasure Man (Dell publishers) based on her 1928 play of the same name. Her autobiography, Goodness Had Nothing to Do with It, was also updated and republished in the 1970s.", "The specialties for the other ranks are field (Esp-01), mechanics (Esp-02), auto mechanics (Esp-03), engineering equipment mechanics (Esp-04), panel beater mechanics (Esp-05), auto body painter mechanics (Esp-06), services (Esp-07), audiovisual-multimedia (Esp-08), audiovisual-graphics (Esp-09), services saddler-upholstery (Esp-10), services psychometric laboratory operator (Esp-11), engineering sapper (Esp-12), NBC sapper (Esp-13), military light vehicles driving (Esp-14), military heavy vehicles driving (Esp-15), Army police (Esp-16), communications (Esp-17), music (Esp-18), health (Esp-19), paratroopers (Esp-20), special operations (Esp-21), commandos (Esp-22), construction (Esp-23), plumbing (Esp-24), construction carpenter (Esp-25), construction electrician (Esp-26), engineering heavy equipment operator (Esp-27), metalworking (Esp-28), farrier (Esp-29), catering (Esp-30), bakery (Esp-31) and rescue and assistance systems operator (Esp-32). The Air Force occupational groups are designated \"specialties\".", "Sextette Sextette is a 1978 American musical comedy film released by Crown International Pictures. The film stars Mae West. Other actors in the cast included Timothy Dalton, Dom DeLuise, Tony Curtis, Ringo Starr, Keith Moon, George Hamilton, Alice Cooper and Walter Pidgeon. Directed by Ken Hughes and produced by Daniel Briggs, Robert Sullivan and Harry Weiss for the production company Briggs and Sullivan, the script was dramatized for the screen, by Herbert Baker, from Mae West's final stage performance play \"Sextette,\" later renamed \"Sextet,\" which West herself had originally written (based on a story idea by Charlotte Francis) and performed on stage in 1961. Costumes were designed by Edith Head. Filmed at Paramount Studios, \"Sextette\" was Mae West's final film, as well as that of Walter Pidgeon and Keith Moon. Featured were cameos by Rona Barrett, Regis Philbin and George Raft, all of whom appeared as themselves. The film turned out to be a major box office bomb, grossing just $50,000 against an estimated budget between $4\u20138 million. The legendary American movie star and sex symbol Marlo Manners (Mae West) is in London, England, where she has just married for the sixth time. She and her new husband, Sir Michael Barrington (Timothy Dalton), then depart for a honeymoon suite at a posh and exclusive hotel that has been reserved for them by her manager, Dan Turner (Dom DeLuise). The hotel is also the location of an international conference, where leaders have come together to resolve tensions and problems that threaten the survival of the world. As the chairman, Mr. Chambers (Walter Pidgeon) is trying to call the meeting to order, the delegates are crowding to the windows in an effort to catch a glimpse of Marlo when she arrives."], "answer": {"text": "Pleasure Man (Dell publishers)", "answer_start": 731}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "answer": {"text": "early 1930s", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do?", "answer": {"text": "with releases of her film songs on shellac 78 rpm records.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did that sell well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7741363075194a32ac1b945899e91e1b_1_q#6", "question": "did that do well?", "rewrite": "Did the Mae West book Pleasure Man do well?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Raji\u2019s theatre work began with the lead role of Frank in the Glasgow Citizens studio production of \"The Wasp Factory\" and in their main house as Mowgli in \"The Jungle Book\". His Shakespeare roles include Puck in \"A Midsummer Night\u2019s Dream\" (Sherman Theatre, 1992) Sebastian in \"Twelfth Night\" (Bedford Open Air, 1994) and Paris in \"Romeo and Juliet\" (Colchester Mercury, 1995). In 1993, Raji was the male lead, Hashim, in the Bush Theatre production of Backstroke in a Crowded Pool. Raji returned to the Glasgow Citizens in 1998 to play Tom Randal in the extravagant revival of Mae West\u2019s \"The Pleasure Man\". Raji was part of the massive cult hit the \"Ray Peacock Podcast\" which climaxed at a final Live show at the Leicester Square Theatre on 12 December 2008. On 13 September 2010, Raji joined \"Ed Gamble\" and Ray Peacock in a special 50th episode of The Ray Peacock Podcast which was released at the same time as the 50th Episode of \"The Peacock and Gamble Podcast\". In addition, Raji worked on a collaboration with Video Artist Gail Pickering for her piece \u201cBrutalist Premonition\u201d that was exhibited at the ICA in London and at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol with an additional Live performance featuring Raji. His film roles include   In 2007, James began participating in the \"Ray Peacock Podcast\" for iTunes and the UK Comedy Website, chortle.co.uk, alongside the comedians Ray Peacock and Ed Gamble. James is the object of many jokes in the series, mostly about his personal life and how he was on \"EastEnders\" but 'ruined it'. Raji was brought up in Paulsgrove.", "(Disc 3 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 14: \"The Future\" (Disc 4 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 15: \"Leiden mit Manu\" (Disc 5 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 16: \"The Andromeda Strain\" (Disc 6 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 17: \"My Virtual Principles\" (Disc 7 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 18: \"The Poet\" (Disc 8 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 19: \"Schwanensee\" (Disc 9 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 20: \"Der Lauf der Dinge\" (Disc 10 of \"Historic Edition\")  Disc 21: \"Tradition & Vision\" (Disc 1 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 22: \"Avec Arthur\" (Disc 2 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 23: \"Budapest\" (Disc 3 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 24: \"Borrowed Time\" (Disc 4 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 25: \"Opera Trance\" (Disc 5 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 26: \"Real Colours\" (Disc 6 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 27: \"Cyborgs Faust\" (Disc 7 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 28: \"Vie de R\u00eave\" (Disc 8 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 29: \"Der Welt Lauf\" (Disc 9 of \"Jubilee Edition\")  Disc 30: \"Die Kunst...\" (Disc 10 of \"Jubilee Edition\") Disc 31: \"Ol\u00e9!\"", "Pleasure Man The Pleasure Man is a 1928 drama/murder mystery play by Mae West. \"The Pleasure Man\" began as a rework of West\u2019s short-lived play \"The Drag\". West made the protagonist of \"The Pleasure Man\" to be heterosexual rather than homosexual, and refined the comedy and plot progression. However, the show still retained the Drag Ball spectacle that concluded the show. Initial rehearsals of the play began with West simply writing notes on scraps of paper and letting the actors improvise and find the scenes themselves. This piece opened outside of Manhattan at the Bronx Opera House September 16 and then showed in Queens, New York at the Boulevard Theatre (Queens). The play's Broadway debut was October 1, 1928 at the Biltmore Theatre. After the show, police arrested the entire cast of 56 after a performance at the Biltmore Theatre and they were charged with indecency. The events stirred the media and the \"Evening Post (New York)\" ran the headline \"Mae West raid open crusade to purify stage; mayor Walker alleged sponsor of drive to purify Broadway\". An injunction allowed for a matinee performance the next day, but even with some bits of the show cut out, it was raided again, this time during the performance, and the cast rearrested, not before a drag queen delivered an oration about police oppression. The show was described as depicting backstage burlesque and one reviewer called it the \"queerest show you've ever seen\" and as having \"all the Queens\" in it. Another review noted the presence of \"Harlem bacchanales\". A couple of favorable reviews found it entertaining, but most reviewers gave it rather scornful criticism including description of it as \"filth\" and \"foul exhibitionism\".", "It was closed during its premiere run after two weeks. The Society for the Prevention of Vice warned the producers that if the play continued, all Broadway productions that season would be scrutinized and censored. The Deputy Police Commissioner at the time issued a police raid of \"The Captive, Sex,\" and \"Virgin Man\" on February 9, 1927. West was tried and found guilty, sentenced to ten days in jail and fined $500. Upon her release, West reportedly announced that \u201cA few days in the pen \u2018n' a $500 fine ain\u2019t too bad a deal\u201d. West then donated to the women\u2019s prison and established the Mae West Memorial Library and continued with other artistic endeavors. Theatre scholar Jordan Schildcrout examines the production history of the play and its representation of gay characters in \"Murder Most Queer: The Homicidal Homosexual in the American Theater\" (2014). In 1928, West opened a re-worked version of \"The Drag\" titled \"The Pleasure Man\". While the lead role of Rolly was replaced with a heterosexual character, the play still experienced backlash for its overtly sexual content.", "Though Mae West was given star billing to attract ticket buyers, her scenes were truncated by the inexperienced film editor, and her songs were filmed as though they were merely side acts. Despite Myra Breckinridge's mainstream failure, it continued to find an audience on the cult film circuit where West's films were regularly screened and West herself was dubbed \"the queen of camp\". Mae West's counterculture appeal included the young and hip, and by 1971, the student body of UCLA voted Mae West \"Woman of the Century\" in honor of her relevance as a pioneering advocate of sexual frankness and courageous crusader against censorship. In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP (William Allen & Sons, publisher), and Pleasure Man (Dell publishers) based on her 1928 play of the same name. Her autobiography, Goodness Had Nothing to Do with It, was also updated and republished in the 1970s."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "when did Mae West begin her recording career?", "answer": {"text": "early 1930s", "answer_start": 39, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do?", "answer": {"text": "with releases of her film songs on shellac 78 rpm records.", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they become popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 1975, West released her book Sex, Health, and ESP", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did that sell well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she write anything else?", "answer": {"text": "Pleasure Man (Dell publishers)", "answer_start": 731, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#0", "question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "rewrite": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The round the world attempt was delayed until 28 February 2005 to obtain a weather forecast with low turbulence for the fragile GlobalFlyer and good tailwinds. Mission Control was at the Salina campus of Kansas State University, located adjacent to the Salina Municipal Airport. A tailwind was essential to making the that it needed to fly to meet the FAI \u2019s definition of circumnavigation, the length of the Tropic of Cancer. The GlobalFlyer was designed to complete the circumnavigation with minimal reserves of fuel. As it turned out, a design flaw in the fuel venting system resulted in the loss of about 1,200 kg (2,600 lb) of fuel early in the flight. This forced Steve Fossett and Mission Control to decide whether to abort the flight as it reached the Pacific Ocean near Japan. Steve Fossett chose to delay the final decision until he reached Hawaii. By that time, favorable winds encouraged the mission team to attempt to complete the circumnavigation. Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer landed at Salina at 19:50 UTC (13:50 CST) on 3 March 2005, having completed its circumnavigation in 2 days, 19 hours, 1 minute and 46 seconds. , this is the fastest world trip in its class at a speed of 550.78 km/h. The distance flown was determined to be , only above the minimum distance required. Steve Fossett planned a second circumnavigation in the GlobalFlyer in 2006, this time taking off from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, flying eastbound around the world then crossing the Atlantic a second time and then landing at Kent International Airport in Kent, England.", "Evans Starzinger  Evans Starzinger and Beth Leonard are among the leading blue water cruising sailors today. During the 1990s they completed a Circumnavigation aboard a Shannon 37' ketch, using the typical tropical route but including Cape Hope. During the 2000s they have taken a custom built Van De Stadt designed 47' aluminum fractional sloop on a second circumnavigation, above the Arctic Circle and around all five great capes - Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope, Cape Leeuwin, South West Cape, Tasmania and South West Cape, New Zealand. This included a 9000-mile, 59-day, non-stop leg sailing East in the Southern Ocean from Puerto Williams to Fremantle. In 2007 they completed a second 65,000 miles circumnavigation, east about, under all the great capes and above the Arctic Circle. In 2008 they cruised again around Patagonia, the Falkland Islands and South Georgia, and then up the Atlantic in 2009 to St Helena, the Caribbean and back to the Chesapeake bay to return to the same slip from which they started the voyage on Hawk. Since the completion of these two circumnavigations they have been back and forth to Newfoundland and Nova Scotia several times. Beth & Evans have won a number of noteworthy awards for their cruising. These include:   Previous to their first voyage they both worked for McKinsey & Company, a leading corporate strategy consulting firm. In between the two voyages, Evans Starzinger was a Vice President at General Electric running an IT business unit and Beth wrote three books (The Voyager's Handbook, Blue Horizon's and Following Seas). Most recently Evans has been CEO of two start-ups (North Thin Ply Technology & Augmented reality Labs) and the Offshore Safety Regulations advisor on two US Sailing accident investigation panels.", "Francis Drake Sir Francis Drake ( \u2013 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, slave trader, pirate, naval officer and explorer of the Elizabethan era. Drake carried out the second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580, and was the first to complete the voyage as captain while leading the expedition throughout the entire circumnavigation. With his incursion into the Pacific Ocean, he claimed what is now California for the English and inaugurated an era of conflict with the Spanish on the western coast of the Americas, an area that had previously been largely unexplored by western shipping. Elizabeth I awarded Drake a knighthood in 1581 which he received on the \"Golden Hind\" in Deptford. As a Vice Admiral, he was second-in-command of the English fleet in the battle against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He died of dysentery in January 1596, after unsuccessfully attacking San Juan, Puerto Rico. Drake's exploits made him a hero to the English, but his privateering led the Spanish to brand him a pirate, known to them as \"El Draque\". King Philip II allegedly offered a reward for his capture or death of 20,000 ducats, about \u00a36 million (US$8 million) in modern currency. Francis Drake was born in Tavistock, Devon, England. Although his birth date is not formally recorded, it is known that he was born while the Six Articles were in force. His birth date is estimated from contemporary sources such as: \"Drake was two and twenty when he obtained the command of the \"Judith\"\" (1566). This would date his birth to 1544.", "If he had also been in the Moluccas islands (located southeast of Cebu) in early 1512 (dubious and controversial), he completed and clearly exceeded an entire circumnavigation of Earth in longitude\u2014though one circumnavigation in the strict sense implies a return to the same exact point. However, traveling west from Europe, in 1521, Magellan reached a region of Southeast Asia (in the Malay Archipelago), which he had reached on previous voyages traveling east. Magellan thereby achieved a nearly complete personal circumnavigation of the globe for the first time in history. In 1577, Elizabeth I sent Francis Drake to start an expedition against the Spanish along the Pacific coast of the Americas. Drake set out from Plymouth, England in November 1577, aboard \"Pelican\", which he renamed \"Golden Hind\" mid-voyage. In September 1578, the ship passed through the Strait of Magellan. In June 1579, Drake landed somewhere north of Spain's northernmost claim in Alta California, which is known as Drakes Bay, California. Drake completed the second circumnavigation of the world in September 1580, becoming the first commander to lead an entire circumnavigation. For the wealthy, long voyages around the world, such as was done by Ulysses S. Grant, became possible in the 19th century, and the two World Wars moved vast numbers of troops around the planet. However, it was the rise of commercial aviation in the late 20th century that made circumnavigation, when compared to the Magellan\u2013 Elcano expedition, quicker and safer. The nautical global and fastest circumnavigation record is currently held by a wind-powered vessel, the trimaran IDEC 3.", "Circumnavigation  Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth. The first circumnavigation of Earth was the Magellan-Elcano expedition, which sailed from Seville, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. Since the rise of commercial aviation in the late 20th century, circumnavigating Earth is straightforward, usually taking days instead of years. Today, the challenge of circumnavigating Earth has shifted towards human and technological endurance, speed, and less conventional methods. The word \"circumnavigation\" is a noun formed from the verb \"circumnavigate\", from the past participle of the Latin verb \"circumnavigare\", from \"circum\" \"around\" + \"navigare\" \"to sail\" (see further Navigation \u00a7 Etymology). If a person walks completely around either Pole, he crosses all meridians, but this is not generally considered a \"circumnavigation\". The path of a true (global) circumnavigation forms a continuous loop on the surface of Earth separating two regions of comparable area. A basic definition of a global circumnavigation would be a route which covers roughly a great circle, and in particular one which passes through at least one pair of points antipodal to each other. In practice, people use different definitions of world circumnavigation to accommodate practical constraints, depending on the method of travel."], "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#1", "question": "Where did he set sail from?", "rewrite": "Where did William Dampier set sail from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Clipperton John Clipperton (1676 \u2013 June 1722) was an English privateer who fought against the Spanish in the 18th century. He was involved in two buccaneering expeditions to the South Pacific\u2014the first led by William Dampier in 1703, and the second under his own command in 1719. He used Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean as a base for his raids. John Clipperton was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 1676 into a family of seafarers. In his younger days he sailed all the seas of Europe, made one trip to the West Indies and one around the world. He was an able pilot and seaman, but also a man of faults. He was a blunt, plain-spoken sailor. He was definitely no gentleman; but at times tried to be seen as one. Rash fits of rage would befall him, although he was soon appeased. Then he would be ready to repair any injustice that he had committed in the heat of anger\u2014at least when this was possible. In 1703 he sailed with the expedition of Captain William Dampier during the War of the Spanish Succession. Dampier appointed Clipperton captain of one of the Spanish ships they had taken as a prize. This first voyage of Clipperton did not proceed well. He led a mutiny against Dampier, and was later taken captive by the Spanish. The Marquis de Villa-Rocha, who would subsequently become governor of Panama, treated him with much indifference. Clipperton returned home in 1712 after four years of captivity. It was, however, during this journey that he is said to have discovered Clipperton Island, which he would use as a hideout.", "Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk (167613 December 1721) was a Scottish privateer and Royal Navy officer who spent four years and four months as a castaway (1704\u20131709) after being marooned by his captain on an uninhabited island in the South Pacific Ocean. He survived that ordeal, but succumbed to tropical illness a dozen years later while serving aboard off West Africa. Selkirk was an unruly youth, and joined buccaneering voyages to the South Pacific during the War of the Spanish Succession. One such expedition was on \"Cinque Ports\", captained by Thomas Stradling under the overall command of William Dampier. Stradling's ship stopped to resupply at the uninhabited Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Islands, and Selkirk judged correctly that the craft was unseaworthy and asked to be left there. By the time he was eventually rescued by English privateer Woodes Rogers, in company with Dampier, Selkirk had become adept at hunting and making use of the resources that he found on the island. His story of survival was widely publicised after his return to England, becoming a source of inspiration for writer Daniel Defoe's fictional character Robinson Crusoe. Alexander Selkirk was the son of a shoemaker and tanner in Lower Largo, Fife, Scotland, born in 1676. In his youth he displayed a quarrelsome and unruly disposition. He was summoned before the Kirk Session in August 1693 for his \"indecent conduct in church\", but he \"did not appear, being gone to sea\". He was back at Largo in 1701 when he again came to the attention of church authorities for assaulting his brothers. Early on, he was engaged in buccaneering. In 1703 he joined an expedition of English privateer and explorer William Dampier to the South Pacific Ocean, setting sail from Kinsale in Ireland on 11 September.", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo.", "The Roman fleet probably was slow to move and was later destroyed near Camarina when the storm finally broke, although the Consul survived the calamity. Diodorus gives a different version of the events. He states (24.1.7-9) that the questors led the bulk of the Roman fleet (probably 84 out of the 120 Roman ships plus any allied squadrons - It is logical for the advanced fleet to be escorted by most of the fleet in seas controlled by Carthage) towards Lilybaeum, and was intercepted by the Carthaginian fleet off Gela. The panicked Romans sailed west and took refuge at Phintias, Carthalo gave chase, and off Phintias his ships attacked the Romans, disabling 50 transports, while 17 warships were sunk and 13 were crippled. In this narrative, Carthalo did not wait at Heraclea but was sailing east when he met the westbound Roman fleet. The Romans panicked, and probably knowing they could not outrun the Carthaginians, chose to sail west and seek refuge at Phintias. Carthaginians ships were faster than the Roman warships, and the Roman fleet had transports with them, which were slower than the warships. Thus, a running battle with Carthaginians while the Roman fleet tried to double back east towards Syracuse would have risked losing several ships to the faster, more maneuverable Carthaginians. As the transports headed for safety at Phintias, fifteen miles west of Gela, the Roman escorts presumably engaged the Carthaginians in a holding action to give their transports time to get away and took a beating before retiring to Phintias. Carthalo, however, did not anchor near Phintias in this narrative.", "Phintias of Agrigentum Phintias was an ancient Greek tyrant of the Sicilian town of Acragas (c. 288 - 279 BC). He appears to have established his power over that city during the period of confusion which followed the death of Agathocles (289 BC), about the same time that Hicetas obtained the chief command at Syracuse. War soon broke out between the two despots, in which Phintias was defeated near Hybla. But this success having induced Hicetas to engage with a more formidable enemy, the Carthaginians, he was defeated in his turn, and Phintias, who was probably in alliance with that power, was now able to extend his authority over a considerable part of Sicily. Among the cities subject to his rule we find mention of Agyrium, which is a sufficient proof of the extent of his dominions. He at the same time made a display of his wealth and power by founding a new city, to which he gave his own name Phintias, and whither he removed all the inhabitants from Gela, which he razed to the ground. His oppressive and tyrannical government subsequently alienated the minds of his subjects, and caused the revolt of many of the dependent cities. But he had the wisdom to change his line of policy, and, by adopting a milder rule, retained possession of the sovereignty until his death. The period of this is not mentioned, but we may probably infer from the fragments of Diodorus, that it preceded the expulsion of Hicetas from Syracuse, and may therefore be referred to 279 BC. There are extant coins of Phintias, from which we learn that he assumed the title of king, in imitation of Agathocles."], "answer": {"text": "from Kinsale, Ireland.", "answer_start": 320}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#2", "question": "Did he encounter pirates?", "rewrite": "Did William Dampier encounter pirates?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Clipperton John Clipperton (1676 \u2013 June 1722) was an English privateer who fought against the Spanish in the 18th century. He was involved in two buccaneering expeditions to the South Pacific\u2014the first led by William Dampier in 1703, and the second under his own command in 1719. He used Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean as a base for his raids. John Clipperton was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 1676 into a family of seafarers. In his younger days he sailed all the seas of Europe, made one trip to the West Indies and one around the world. He was an able pilot and seaman, but also a man of faults. He was a blunt, plain-spoken sailor. He was definitely no gentleman; but at times tried to be seen as one. Rash fits of rage would befall him, although he was soon appeased. Then he would be ready to repair any injustice that he had committed in the heat of anger\u2014at least when this was possible. In 1703 he sailed with the expedition of Captain William Dampier during the War of the Spanish Succession. Dampier appointed Clipperton captain of one of the Spanish ships they had taken as a prize. This first voyage of Clipperton did not proceed well. He led a mutiny against Dampier, and was later taken captive by the Spanish. The Marquis de Villa-Rocha, who would subsequently become governor of Panama, treated him with much indifference. Clipperton returned home in 1712 after four years of captivity. It was, however, during this journey that he is said to have discovered Clipperton Island, which he would use as a hideout.", "Dampier Archipelago The Dampier Archipelago is a group of 42 islands near the town of Dampier in the Pilbara, Western Australia. The archipelago is also made up of reefs, shoals, channels and straits and is the traditional home of five Aboriginal language groups. It was formed 7000 years ago when rising sea levels flooded what were once coastal plains. The underlying rocks are among the oldest on earth, formed in the Archaean period more than 2400 million years ago. It is named after William Dampier, an English buccaneer and explorer who visited in 1699. Dampier named one of the islands Rosemary Island. Despite being a region through which considerable shipping and industrial activity occurs, the archipelago has considerable marine resources. Dampier Archipelago is the site of some of Australia's oldest domestic structures, estimated to be between 8000 and 9000 years old. The largest island (or peninsula) in the group was known as \"Murujuga\" by the Yaburara people. The first British settlers renamed it Dampier Island and it was later officially renamed Burrup Peninsula. The Yinidbarndi, Yaburara, Mardudhunera, and Woon-goo-tt-oo peoples have lived in the area for approximately 50,000 years. In 1868, the area was the site of the Flying Foam massacre, in which between 20 and 150 members of the Yaburara are reported to have been killed.", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo.", "Murujuga  Murujuga, usually known as the Burrup Peninsula, is an island in the Dampier Archipelago, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, containing the town of Dampier. Originally named Dampier Island after the English navigator William Dampier, it lies 3 km off the Pilbara coast. In 1963 the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979 Dampier Peninsula was renamed Burrup Peninsula after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. The region is sometimes confused with the Dampier Peninsula, 800 km to the north-east. In Ngayarda languages, including that of the indigenous people of the peninsula, the Jaburara people, \"murujuga\" meant \"hip bone sticking out\". The peninsula is a unique ecological and archaeological area since it contains the world's largest and most important collection of petroglyphs \u2013 ancient Aboriginal rock carvings some claim to date back as far as the last ice age about 10,000 years ago. The collection of standing stones here is the largest in Australia with rock art petroglyphs numbering over one million, many depicting images of the now extinct thylacine (Tasmanian tiger). The Dampier Rock Art Precinct, which covers the entire archipelago, is the subject of ongoing political debate due to historical and proposed industrial development. Concern around the ecological, historical, cultural and archaeological significance of the area has led to a campaign for its protection, causing conflict with industrial development on the site. The preservation of the Murujuga monument has been called for since 1969, and in 2002 the International Federation of Rock Art Organizations (IFRAO) commenced a campaign to preserve the remaining monument.", "HMS Roebuck (1690)  HMS \"Roebuck\" was a fifth-rate warship in the Royal Navy which, under the command of William Dampier, carried the first English scientific expedition to Australia in 1699. The wreck of the ship has since been located by a team from the Western Australian Maritime Museum at a site on the coast of Ascension Island where it foundered more than 300 years ago. \"Roebuck\" was built by Snellgrove at Wapping, East London, and launched on 17 April 1690 during the reign of William III and Mary II as one of 12 purpose-built fireships. It carried 8 guns, was 292 tons (builder's measure), long, and wide. In June 1690 \"Roebuck\" was present at the Battle of Beachy Head. Around 1695 the ship was upgraded and listed as a 26-gun fifth-rate. Though plans and models of similar ships survive, being a relatively lowly vessel at its time of construction, no contemporary plans of \"Roebuck\" itself have been found. This lack of detail has resulted in considerable disagreement until recently about the vessel's appearance. As a result, only notional images have appeared in artwork and on postage stamps. After a period of relative obscurity, \"Roebuck\" was placed under the command of William Dampier in July 1698. This anomalous appointment of a former buccaneer to the command of one of King William's ships is explained by Dampier\u2019s growing reputation as he travelled widely and exhibited the famous tattooed Prince Jeoly and his mother. Purchased during his first circumnavigation, they had been described in a broadsheet from 1691\u20131692 as a \"just wonder of the age\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he set sail from?", "answer": {"text": "from Kinsale, Ireland.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#3", "question": "Where did they go from Kinsale?", "rewrite": "Where did William Dampier's ships go from Kinsale?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo.", "Alexander Selkirk Alexander Selkirk (167613 December 1721) was a Scottish privateer and Royal Navy officer who spent four years and four months as a castaway (1704\u20131709) after being marooned by his captain on an uninhabited island in the South Pacific Ocean. He survived that ordeal, but succumbed to tropical illness a dozen years later while serving aboard off West Africa. Selkirk was an unruly youth, and joined buccaneering voyages to the South Pacific during the War of the Spanish Succession. One such expedition was on \"Cinque Ports\", captained by Thomas Stradling under the overall command of William Dampier. Stradling's ship stopped to resupply at the uninhabited Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Islands, and Selkirk judged correctly that the craft was unseaworthy and asked to be left there. By the time he was eventually rescued by English privateer Woodes Rogers, in company with Dampier, Selkirk had become adept at hunting and making use of the resources that he found on the island. His story of survival was widely publicised after his return to England, becoming a source of inspiration for writer Daniel Defoe's fictional character Robinson Crusoe. Alexander Selkirk was the son of a shoemaker and tanner in Lower Largo, Fife, Scotland, born in 1676. In his youth he displayed a quarrelsome and unruly disposition. He was summoned before the Kirk Session in August 1693 for his \"indecent conduct in church\", but he \"did not appear, being gone to sea\". He was back at Largo in 1701 when he again came to the attention of church authorities for assaulting his brothers. Early on, he was engaged in buccaneering. In 1703 he joined an expedition of English privateer and explorer William Dampier to the South Pacific Ocean, setting sail from Kinsale in Ireland on 11 September.", "Cinque Ports (1703 ship) Cinque Ports was an English ship whose sailing master was Alexander Selkirk, generally accepted as a model for the fictional Robinson Crusoe. The ship was part of a 1703 expedition commanded by William Dampier, who captained an accompanying ship, the 26-gun \"St George\" with a complement of 120 men. When the War of the Spanish Succession broke out in 1701, English privateers were recruited to act against French and Spanish interests. Despite a court-martial for cruelty to one of his crew in an earlier voyage, Dampier was granted command of the two-ship expedition which departed England on 30 April 1703 for the port of Kinsale in Ireland. William Dampier's original companions dropped out of the scheme and a new agreement was made with Captain Charles Pickering of \"Cinque Ports\". \" Cinque Ports\" was fitted out with 16 guns and a crew of 63. The two ships left Kinsale on 11 September 1703 with the intention of attacking Spanish galleons returning from Buenos Aires. When this plan fell through the privateers decided to make for the South Sea by way of Cape Horn. While the ships were off the coast of Brazil an outbreak of scurvy on board \"Cinque Ports\" led to the death of a number of men, including the captain who was replaced by 21-year-old Lieutenant Thomas Stradling. After rounding the Horn and cruising up the South American coast as far as Panama, capturing several Spanish ships on the way, the two captains decided to separate. Captain Stradling stopped at one of the islands of the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Archipelago off the Chilean coast in September 1704 to resupply. There was a dispute between Stradling and Alexander Selkirk regarding \"Cinque Ports\" seaworthiness, and Selkirk impetuously chose to be put ashore on the uninhabited island.", "John Clipperton John Clipperton (1676 \u2013 June 1722) was an English privateer who fought against the Spanish in the 18th century. He was involved in two buccaneering expeditions to the South Pacific\u2014the first led by William Dampier in 1703, and the second under his own command in 1719. He used Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean as a base for his raids. John Clipperton was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 1676 into a family of seafarers. In his younger days he sailed all the seas of Europe, made one trip to the West Indies and one around the world. He was an able pilot and seaman, but also a man of faults. He was a blunt, plain-spoken sailor. He was definitely no gentleman; but at times tried to be seen as one. Rash fits of rage would befall him, although he was soon appeased. Then he would be ready to repair any injustice that he had committed in the heat of anger\u2014at least when this was possible. In 1703 he sailed with the expedition of Captain William Dampier during the War of the Spanish Succession. Dampier appointed Clipperton captain of one of the Spanish ships they had taken as a prize. This first voyage of Clipperton did not proceed well. He led a mutiny against Dampier, and was later taken captive by the Spanish. The Marquis de Villa-Rocha, who would subsequently become governor of Panama, treated him with much indifference. Clipperton returned home in 1712 after four years of captivity. It was, however, during this journey that he is said to have discovered Clipperton Island, which he would use as a hideout.", "HMS Roebuck (1690)  HMS \"Roebuck\" was a fifth-rate warship in the Royal Navy which, under the command of William Dampier, carried the first English scientific expedition to Australia in 1699. The wreck of the ship has since been located by a team from the Western Australian Maritime Museum at a site on the coast of Ascension Island where it foundered more than 300 years ago. \"Roebuck\" was built by Snellgrove at Wapping, East London, and launched on 17 April 1690 during the reign of William III and Mary II as one of 12 purpose-built fireships. It carried 8 guns, was 292 tons (builder's measure), long, and wide. In June 1690 \"Roebuck\" was present at the Battle of Beachy Head. Around 1695 the ship was upgraded and listed as a 26-gun fifth-rate. Though plans and models of similar ships survive, being a relatively lowly vessel at its time of construction, no contemporary plans of \"Roebuck\" itself have been found. This lack of detail has resulted in considerable disagreement until recently about the vessel's appearance. As a result, only notional images have appeared in artwork and on postage stamps. After a period of relative obscurity, \"Roebuck\" was placed under the command of William Dampier in July 1698. This anomalous appointment of a former buccaneer to the command of one of King William's ships is explained by Dampier\u2019s growing reputation as he travelled widely and exhibited the famous tattooed Prince Jeoly and his mother. Purchased during his first circumnavigation, they had been described in a broadsheet from 1691\u20131692 as a \"just wonder of the age\"."], "answer": {"text": "The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands", "answer_start": 343}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he set sail from?", "answer": {"text": "from Kinsale, Ireland.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he encounter pirates?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#4", "question": "What did they do there?", "rewrite": "What did William Dampier's ships do on the Juan Fernandez Islands?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The other endemic bird species are the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez tit-tyrant (\"Anairetes fernandezianus\") of Robinson Crusoe Island, and the Masafuera rayadito (\"Aphrastura masafuerae\") of Alejandro Selkirk Island. The islands support the entire known breeding populations of two petrel species, Stejneger's Petrel \"Pterodroma longirostris\" (IUCN status VU) and the Juan Fernandez Petrel \"Pterodroma externa\" ( IUCN status VU). In addition, the Juan Fernandez Islands may still support a third breeding petrel species, De Filippi's Petrel \"Pterodroma defilippiana\" (IUCN status VU), whose only other known breeding grounds are on the Desventuradas Islands. The Magellanic penguin breeds on Robinson Crusoe Island within the archipelago. The endemic Juan Fernandez spiny lobster (without claws) lives in the marine waters (\"Jasus frontalis\"). The Juan Fern\u00e1ndez fur seal (\"Arctocephalus philippii\") also lives on the islands. This species was nearly exterminated in the sixteenth to nineteenth century, but it was rediscovered in 1965. A census in 1970 found about 750 fur seals living there. Today, the total population reaches the ten thousands. Only two were sighted on the Desventuradas Islands, located some to the north. The actual population of the Desventuradas may be higher, because the species tends to hide in sea caves. There seems to be a yearly population increase of 16\u201317 percent. From the continent, as expected, the access is only by air or sea. By air: the local airlines LASSA and ATA fly weekly (2.5 hrs. from Santiago).", "The War of the Spanish Succession had broken out in 1701, and English privateers were being readied to act against French and Spanish interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men. They were joined by the 16-gun Cinque Ports with 63 men, and sailed on 11 September 1703 from Kinsale, Ireland. The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands off the coast of Chile in February 1704. While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman, which they engaged in a seven-hour battle but were driven off. Dampier succeeded in capturing a number of small Spanish ships along the coast of Peru, but released them after removing only a fraction of their cargoes because he believed they \"would be a hindrance to his greater designs.\" The greater design he had in mind was a raid on Santa Maria, a town on the Gulf of Panama rumoured to hold stockpiles of gold from nearby mines. When the force of seamen he led against the town met with unexpectedly strong resistance, however, he withdrew. In May 1704, Cinque Ports separated from St George and, after putting Alexander Selkirk ashore alone on an island for complaining about the vessel's seaworthiness, sank off the coast of what is today Colombia. Some of its crew survived being shipwrecked but were made prisoners of the Spanish. It was now left to St George to make an attempt on the Manila galleon, the main object of the expedition. The ship was sighted on 6 December 1704, probably Nuestra Senora del Rosario. It was caught unprepared and had not run out its guns.", "Cinque Ports (1703 ship) Cinque Ports was an English ship whose sailing master was Alexander Selkirk, generally accepted as a model for the fictional Robinson Crusoe. The ship was part of a 1703 expedition commanded by William Dampier, who captained an accompanying ship, the 26-gun \"St George\" with a complement of 120 men. When the War of the Spanish Succession broke out in 1701, English privateers were recruited to act against French and Spanish interests. Despite a court-martial for cruelty to one of his crew in an earlier voyage, Dampier was granted command of the two-ship expedition which departed England on 30 April 1703 for the port of Kinsale in Ireland. William Dampier's original companions dropped out of the scheme and a new agreement was made with Captain Charles Pickering of \"Cinque Ports\". \" Cinque Ports\" was fitted out with 16 guns and a crew of 63. The two ships left Kinsale on 11 September 1703 with the intention of attacking Spanish galleons returning from Buenos Aires. When this plan fell through the privateers decided to make for the South Sea by way of Cape Horn. While the ships were off the coast of Brazil an outbreak of scurvy on board \"Cinque Ports\" led to the death of a number of men, including the captain who was replaced by 21-year-old Lieutenant Thomas Stradling. After rounding the Horn and cruising up the South American coast as far as Panama, capturing several Spanish ships on the way, the two captains decided to separate. Captain Stradling stopped at one of the islands of the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Archipelago off the Chilean coast in September 1704 to resupply. There was a dispute between Stradling and Alexander Selkirk regarding \"Cinque Ports\" seaworthiness, and Selkirk impetuously chose to be put ashore on the uninhabited island.", "With these two men were other famous pirates such as Bartholomew Sharp, Basil Ringrose, William Dampier, William Dick, John Cox, Edmund Cooke, and Lionel Wafer, some of whom left journals of their exploits. The pirates crafted small canoes from trees and eventually traded the canoes for larger ships in the Bay of Panama. After a series of desertions the ships came under command of Bartholemew Sharp who conducted raids in the South Sea for two years using uninhabited lands like the islands of Juan Fernandez and the islas Plata, Gorgona, and Coiba as hiding spots in between raids. From there they plundered the South and Central American Pacific coasts, where attacks spanned from Coquimbo to the Gulf of Nicoya. Soon after, Coxon met with many privateers, staging a raid in the Gulf of Honduras. This raid proved to be useful, as the pirates and privateers collected a stash of five hundred chests of indigo dye, in addition to cocoa, cochineal, money, plate, and tortoiseshell. Shortly afterwards, Coxon made himself an ally of several other important buccaneers of the day, including Cornelius Essex, Bartholomew Sharp, and Robert Allison. They then set sail for Portobelo. Upon reaching Portobelo, they travelled for around four days, and on 17 February, they plundered the town carelessly, escaping the Spanish armies. Through this, each man earned, at the very least, one-hundred pieces of eight. Because of the plundering of Portobelo, the Governor of Jamaica, Lord Carlisle, issued search warrants for Coxon and his notorious crew. In addition, Henry Morgan, when acting as governor, issued another warrant for Coxon, but nothing resulted from these writs.", "Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Plate The Juan Fernandez Plate is a microplate in the Pacific Ocean. With a surface area of approximately 10 km, the microplate is located between 32\u00b0 and 35\u00b0S and 109\u00b0 and 112\u00b0 W. The plate is located at a triple junction between the Pacific Plate, Antarctic Plate, and Nazca Plate. Approximately 2000 km to the west of South America, it is, on average, 3000 meters deep with its shallowest point coming to approximately 1600 meters, and its deepest point reaching 4400 meters. The Juan Fernandez Microplate was first discovered in 1972 via seismicity charts, which showed semi-circular patterns at the Pacific-Nazca-Antarctica triple junction. This implied that Shear zone were present that were inconsistent with existing plate theories in the area. The microplate, as it is known today, was first mapped and named in 1983, during a Sea Beam survey that specifically mapped the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. The first sonar mapping of the JF Microplate was performed in 1983. Shortly after, the RV Endeavor performed another geological survey with the goal of defining the boundaries of the plate and clearly identifying the key features of the triple junction of which the Juan Fernandez Microplate is the center. Since then, the growth of the plate has been theorized to be influenced by spreading ridges between the Pacific and JF Plates, accretion onto the plate by the Nazca and JF shear zones, and compression of both the northern most and south eastern points of the JF Microplate. This microplate is estimated to have formed approximately 3\u20134 Ma ago. Once one single spreading center, the East Pacific Rise at this location split in two, and resulted in two separate spreading ridges between the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate."], "answer": {"text": "While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman,", "answer_start": 482}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he set sail from?", "answer": {"text": "from Kinsale, Ireland.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he encounter pirates?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they go from Kinsale?", "answer": {"text": "The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#5", "question": "Did they fight?", "rewrite": "Did William Dampier's crew fight?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Murujuga  Murujuga, usually known as the Burrup Peninsula, is an island in the Dampier Archipelago, in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, containing the town of Dampier. Originally named Dampier Island after the English navigator William Dampier, it lies 3 km off the Pilbara coast. In 1963 the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979 Dampier Peninsula was renamed Burrup Peninsula after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. The region is sometimes confused with the Dampier Peninsula, 800 km to the north-east. In Ngayarda languages, including that of the indigenous people of the peninsula, the Jaburara people, \"murujuga\" meant \"hip bone sticking out\". The peninsula is a unique ecological and archaeological area since it contains the world's largest and most important collection of petroglyphs \u2013 ancient Aboriginal rock carvings some claim to date back as far as the last ice age about 10,000 years ago. The collection of standing stones here is the largest in Australia with rock art petroglyphs numbering over one million, many depicting images of the now extinct thylacine (Tasmanian tiger). The Dampier Rock Art Precinct, which covers the entire archipelago, is the subject of ongoing political debate due to historical and proposed industrial development. Concern around the ecological, historical, cultural and archaeological significance of the area has led to a campaign for its protection, causing conflict with industrial development on the site. The preservation of the Murujuga monument has been called for since 1969, and in 2002 the International Federation of Rock Art Organizations (IFRAO) commenced a campaign to preserve the remaining monument.", "John Clipperton John Clipperton (1676 \u2013 June 1722) was an English privateer who fought against the Spanish in the 18th century. He was involved in two buccaneering expeditions to the South Pacific\u2014the first led by William Dampier in 1703, and the second under his own command in 1719. He used Clipperton Island in the eastern Pacific Ocean as a base for his raids. John Clipperton was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, in 1676 into a family of seafarers. In his younger days he sailed all the seas of Europe, made one trip to the West Indies and one around the world. He was an able pilot and seaman, but also a man of faults. He was a blunt, plain-spoken sailor. He was definitely no gentleman; but at times tried to be seen as one. Rash fits of rage would befall him, although he was soon appeased. Then he would be ready to repair any injustice that he had committed in the heat of anger\u2014at least when this was possible. In 1703 he sailed with the expedition of Captain William Dampier during the War of the Spanish Succession. Dampier appointed Clipperton captain of one of the Spanish ships they had taken as a prize. This first voyage of Clipperton did not proceed well. He led a mutiny against Dampier, and was later taken captive by the Spanish. The Marquis de Villa-Rocha, who would subsequently become governor of Panama, treated him with much indifference. Clipperton returned home in 1712 after four years of captivity. It was, however, during this journey that he is said to have discovered Clipperton Island, which he would use as a hideout.", "Dampier Archipelago The Dampier Archipelago is a group of 42 islands near the town of Dampier in the Pilbara, Western Australia. The archipelago is also made up of reefs, shoals, channels and straits and is the traditional home of five Aboriginal language groups. It was formed 7000 years ago when rising sea levels flooded what were once coastal plains. The underlying rocks are among the oldest on earth, formed in the Archaean period more than 2400 million years ago. It is named after William Dampier, an English buccaneer and explorer who visited in 1699. Dampier named one of the islands Rosemary Island. Despite being a region through which considerable shipping and industrial activity occurs, the archipelago has considerable marine resources. Dampier Archipelago is the site of some of Australia's oldest domestic structures, estimated to be between 8000 and 9000 years old. The largest island (or peninsula) in the group was known as \"Murujuga\" by the Yaburara people. The first British settlers renamed it Dampier Island and it was later officially renamed Burrup Peninsula. The Yinidbarndi, Yaburara, Mardudhunera, and Woon-goo-tt-oo peoples have lived in the area for approximately 50,000 years. In 1868, the area was the site of the Flying Foam massacre, in which between 20 and 150 members of the Yaburara are reported to have been killed.", "Dampier, Western Australia Dampier is a major industrial port in the Pilbara region in the northwest of Western Australia. It is located near the city of Karratha and Port Walcott. Dampier Port is part of the Dampier Archipelago and is primarily a port for the export of iron ore from Rio Tinto mines, LNG and salt. The port services petrochemical, salt, iron ore and natural gas export industries. Rio Tinto exports large volumes of iron ore, especially Pilbara blend through the port, and in September 2010 announced plans to expand capacity. At the 2011 census, Dampier had a population of 1,341. The Yaburrara Aboriginal tribe lived in the area for many thousands of years. The town derives its name from its location on Dampier Island 3 km off the Pilbara Coast and part of the Dampier Archipelago, both named after the English navigator William Dampier. In 1963, the island became an artificial peninsula when it was connected to the mainland by a causeway for a road and railway. In 1979, Dampier Peninsular was renamed after Mt Burrup, the highest peak on the island, which had been named after Henry Burrup, a Union Bank clerk murdered in 1885 at Roebourne. In 1699, Dampier, in command of the 26-gun warship HMS \"Roebuck\" on a mission to explore the coast of New Holland, following the Dutch route to the Indies, passed between Dirk Hartog Island and the Western Australian mainland into what he called Shark Bay. He then followed the coast northeast, on 21 August 1699, reaching the Dampier Archipelago, which he explored, naming Rosemary Island. He continued to Lagrange Bay, just south of what is now Roebuck Bay, before sailing for Timor. The town was built from 1965 onwards, to serve the railway transporting iron ore from Tom Price and Paraburdoo.", "Cinque Ports (1703 ship) Cinque Ports was an English ship whose sailing master was Alexander Selkirk, generally accepted as a model for the fictional Robinson Crusoe. The ship was part of a 1703 expedition commanded by William Dampier, who captained an accompanying ship, the 26-gun \"St George\" with a complement of 120 men. When the War of the Spanish Succession broke out in 1701, English privateers were recruited to act against French and Spanish interests. Despite a court-martial for cruelty to one of his crew in an earlier voyage, Dampier was granted command of the two-ship expedition which departed England on 30 April 1703 for the port of Kinsale in Ireland. William Dampier's original companions dropped out of the scheme and a new agreement was made with Captain Charles Pickering of \"Cinque Ports\". \" Cinque Ports\" was fitted out with 16 guns and a crew of 63. The two ships left Kinsale on 11 September 1703 with the intention of attacking Spanish galleons returning from Buenos Aires. When this plan fell through the privateers decided to make for the South Sea by way of Cape Horn. While the ships were off the coast of Brazil an outbreak of scurvy on board \"Cinque Ports\" led to the death of a number of men, including the captain who was replaced by 21-year-old Lieutenant Thomas Stradling. After rounding the Horn and cruising up the South American coast as far as Panama, capturing several Spanish ships on the way, the two captains decided to separate. Captain Stradling stopped at one of the islands of the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Archipelago off the Chilean coast in September 1704 to resupply. There was a dispute between Stradling and Alexander Selkirk regarding \"Cinque Ports\" seaworthiness, and Selkirk impetuously chose to be put ashore on the uninhabited island."], "answer": {"text": "they engaged in a seven-hour battle but were driven off.", "answer_start": 576}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he set sail from?", "answer": {"text": "from Kinsale, Ireland.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he encounter pirates?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they go from Kinsale?", "answer": {"text": "The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do there?", "answer": {"text": "While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman,", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#6", "question": "Was anyone badly injured?", "rewrite": "Was anyone badly injured at the seven-hour battle on the Juan Fernandez Islands?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Juan Fern\u00e1ndez (explorer) Juan Fern\u00e1ndez (c. 1536 \u2013 c. 1604) was a Spanish explorer and navigator in the Pacific regions of the Viceroyalty of Peru and Captaincy General of Chile west of colonial South America. He is best known for the discovery of a fast maritime route from Callao (Peru) to Valpara\u00edso (Chile), as well as for the discovery of the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Islands off the coast of Chile. In 1574 he discovered an alternative maritime route between Callao and Valpara\u00edso, much faster than the old route which bordered the coastline. By taking a detour west from the coast, he managed to avoid the northernly Humboldt Current which used to slow down ships sailing south along the coast. In doing so, he discovered the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Islands archipelago, located west of present-day Valpara\u00edso in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. He also discovered the Pacific islands of San F\u00e9lix and San Ambrosio in 1574. Early historians such as Alexander Dalrymple and James Burney claim that Juan Fern\u00e1ndez was the first European to reach New Zealand. In 1575 the governor of Cuyo, Juan Jufr\u00e9, organized an expedition to Terra Australis under the command of Juan Fernandez. The expedition was authorized by the governor of Chile but not the Viceroy of Peru. As a result, Jufr\u00e9 changed the official itinerary and pretended his expedition would only sail to the islands discovered by Fern\u00e1ndez in 1574. In fact, the real destination of the expedition was still Terra Australis. Soon Juan Fernandez set sail from Valpara\u00edso. After heading west for one month along the 40th parallel south, in the spring of 1576 they arrived in an island described as \"mountainous, fertile, with strong-flowing rivers, inhabited by white peoples, and with all the fruits necessary to live\". Later, the expedition set sail back for Chile and Juan Fern\u00e1ndez", "The War of the Spanish Succession had broken out in 1701, and English privateers were being readied to act against French and Spanish interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men. They were joined by the 16-gun Cinque Ports with 63 men, and sailed on 11 September 1703 from Kinsale, Ireland. The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands off the coast of Chile in February 1704. While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman, which they engaged in a seven-hour battle but were driven off. Dampier succeeded in capturing a number of small Spanish ships along the coast of Peru, but released them after removing only a fraction of their cargoes because he believed they \"would be a hindrance to his greater designs.\" The greater design he had in mind was a raid on Santa Maria, a town on the Gulf of Panama rumoured to hold stockpiles of gold from nearby mines. When the force of seamen he led against the town met with unexpectedly strong resistance, however, he withdrew. In May 1704, Cinque Ports separated from St George and, after putting Alexander Selkirk ashore alone on an island for complaining about the vessel's seaworthiness, sank off the coast of what is today Colombia. Some of its crew survived being shipwrecked but were made prisoners of the Spanish. It was now left to St George to make an attempt on the Manila galleon, the main object of the expedition. The ship was sighted on 6 December 1704, probably Nuestra Senora del Rosario. It was caught unprepared and had not run out its guns.", "Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Plate The Juan Fernandez Plate is a microplate in the Pacific Ocean. With a surface area of approximately 10 km, the microplate is located between 32\u00b0 and 35\u00b0S and 109\u00b0 and 112\u00b0 W. The plate is located at a triple junction between the Pacific Plate, Antarctic Plate, and Nazca Plate. Approximately 2000 km to the west of South America, it is, on average, 3000 meters deep with its shallowest point coming to approximately 1600 meters, and its deepest point reaching 4400 meters. The Juan Fernandez Microplate was first discovered in 1972 via seismicity charts, which showed semi-circular patterns at the Pacific-Nazca-Antarctica triple junction. This implied that Shear zone were present that were inconsistent with existing plate theories in the area. The microplate, as it is known today, was first mapped and named in 1983, during a Sea Beam survey that specifically mapped the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. The first sonar mapping of the JF Microplate was performed in 1983. Shortly after, the RV Endeavor performed another geological survey with the goal of defining the boundaries of the plate and clearly identifying the key features of the triple junction of which the Juan Fernandez Microplate is the center. Since then, the growth of the plate has been theorized to be influenced by spreading ridges between the Pacific and JF Plates, accretion onto the plate by the Nazca and JF shear zones, and compression of both the northern most and south eastern points of the JF Microplate. This microplate is estimated to have formed approximately 3\u20134 Ma ago. Once one single spreading center, the East Pacific Rise at this location split in two, and resulted in two separate spreading ridges between the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate.", "The other endemic bird species are the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez tit-tyrant (\"Anairetes fernandezianus\") of Robinson Crusoe Island, and the Masafuera rayadito (\"Aphrastura masafuerae\") of Alejandro Selkirk Island. The islands support the entire known breeding populations of two petrel species, Stejneger's Petrel \"Pterodroma longirostris\" (IUCN status VU) and the Juan Fernandez Petrel \"Pterodroma externa\" ( IUCN status VU). In addition, the Juan Fernandez Islands may still support a third breeding petrel species, De Filippi's Petrel \"Pterodroma defilippiana\" (IUCN status VU), whose only other known breeding grounds are on the Desventuradas Islands. The Magellanic penguin breeds on Robinson Crusoe Island within the archipelago. The endemic Juan Fernandez spiny lobster (without claws) lives in the marine waters (\"Jasus frontalis\"). The Juan Fern\u00e1ndez fur seal (\"Arctocephalus philippii\") also lives on the islands. This species was nearly exterminated in the sixteenth to nineteenth century, but it was rediscovered in 1965. A census in 1970 found about 750 fur seals living there. Today, the total population reaches the ten thousands. Only two were sighted on the Desventuradas Islands, located some to the north. The actual population of the Desventuradas may be higher, because the species tends to hide in sea caves. There seems to be a yearly population increase of 16\u201317 percent. From the continent, as expected, the access is only by air or sea. By air: the local airlines LASSA and ATA fly weekly (2.5 hrs. from Santiago).", "In addition, the Juan Fernandez Islands may still support a third breeding petrel species, De Filippi's Petrel \"Pterodroma defilippiana\" (IUCN status VU), whose only other known breeding grounds are on the Desventuradas Islands. The Magellanic penguin breeds on Robinson Crusoe Island within the archipelago. The endemic Juan-Fernandez spiny lobster (without claws) lives in the marine waters (\"Jasus frontalis\"). The Juan Fern\u00e1ndez fur seal (\"Arctocephalus philippii\") also lives on the islands. This species was nearly exterminated in the sixteenth to nineteenth century, but it was rediscovered in 1965. A census in 1970 found about 750 fur seals living there. Only two were sighted on the Desventuradas Islands, located some to the north. The actual population of the Desventuradas may be higher, because the species tends to hide in sea caves. There seems to be a yearly population increase of 16\u201317 percent. The archipelago was discovered on 22 November 1574, by the Spanish sailor Juan Fern\u00e1ndez, who was sailing south between Callao and Valpara\u00edso along a route which he also discovered, hundreds of miles west of the coast of Chile, which avoided the northerly Humboldt current. He called the islands M\u00e1s Afuera, M\u00e1s a Tierra, and Santa Clara. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the islands were used as a hideout for pirates and became the location of a penal colony. It was during this period that Alexander Selkirk became marooned on the islands. In the 1740s, they were visited by Commodore Anson's flotilla during his ill-fated venture to the South Seas. The location of the archipelago was fixed by Alessandro Malaspina in 1790; previous charts had differed on the location."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he set sail from?", "answer": {"text": "from Kinsale, Ireland.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he encounter pirates?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they go from Kinsale?", "answer": {"text": "The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do there?", "answer": {"text": "While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman,", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they fight?", "answer": {"text": "they engaged in a seven-hour battle but were driven off.", "answer_start": 576, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a4770e9f6ef4485d883570778266d686_0_q#7", "question": "What happened after being driven off from the fight?", "rewrite": "What happened to William Dampier's ships after being driven off from the fight on the Juan Fernandez Islands?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The War of the Spanish Succession had broken out in 1701, and English privateers were being readied to act against French and Spanish interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men. They were joined by the 16-gun Cinque Ports with 63 men, and sailed on 11 September 1703 from Kinsale, Ireland. The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands off the coast of Chile in February 1704. While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman, which they engaged in a seven-hour battle but were driven off. Dampier succeeded in capturing a number of small Spanish ships along the coast of Peru, but released them after removing only a fraction of their cargoes because he believed they \"would be a hindrance to his greater designs.\" The greater design he had in mind was a raid on Santa Maria, a town on the Gulf of Panama rumoured to hold stockpiles of gold from nearby mines. When the force of seamen he led against the town met with unexpectedly strong resistance, however, he withdrew. In May 1704, Cinque Ports separated from St George and, after putting Alexander Selkirk ashore alone on an island for complaining about the vessel's seaworthiness, sank off the coast of what is today Colombia. Some of its crew survived being shipwrecked but were made prisoners of the Spanish. It was now left to St George to make an attempt on the Manila galleon, the main object of the expedition. The ship was sighted on 6 December 1704, probably Nuestra Senora del Rosario. It was caught unprepared and had not run out its guns.", "Cinque Ports (1703 ship) Cinque Ports was an English ship whose sailing master was Alexander Selkirk, generally accepted as a model for the fictional Robinson Crusoe. The ship was part of a 1703 expedition commanded by William Dampier, who captained an accompanying ship, the 26-gun \"St George\" with a complement of 120 men. When the War of the Spanish Succession broke out in 1701, English privateers were recruited to act against French and Spanish interests. Despite a court-martial for cruelty to one of his crew in an earlier voyage, Dampier was granted command of the two-ship expedition which departed England on 30 April 1703 for the port of Kinsale in Ireland. William Dampier's original companions dropped out of the scheme and a new agreement was made with Captain Charles Pickering of \"Cinque Ports\". \" Cinque Ports\" was fitted out with 16 guns and a crew of 63. The two ships left Kinsale on 11 September 1703 with the intention of attacking Spanish galleons returning from Buenos Aires. When this plan fell through the privateers decided to make for the South Sea by way of Cape Horn. While the ships were off the coast of Brazil an outbreak of scurvy on board \"Cinque Ports\" led to the death of a number of men, including the captain who was replaced by 21-year-old Lieutenant Thomas Stradling. After rounding the Horn and cruising up the South American coast as far as Panama, capturing several Spanish ships on the way, the two captains decided to separate. Captain Stradling stopped at one of the islands of the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Archipelago off the Chilean coast in September 1704 to resupply. There was a dispute between Stradling and Alexander Selkirk regarding \"Cinque Ports\" seaworthiness, and Selkirk impetuously chose to be put ashore on the uninhabited island.", "With these two men were other famous pirates such as Bartholomew Sharp, Basil Ringrose, William Dampier, William Dick, John Cox, Edmund Cooke, and Lionel Wafer, some of whom left journals of their exploits. The pirates crafted small canoes from trees and eventually traded the canoes for larger ships in the Bay of Panama. After a series of desertions the ships came under command of Bartholemew Sharp who conducted raids in the South Sea for two years using uninhabited lands like the islands of Juan Fernandez and the islas Plata, Gorgona, and Coiba as hiding spots in between raids. From there they plundered the South and Central American Pacific coasts, where attacks spanned from Coquimbo to the Gulf of Nicoya. Soon after, Coxon met with many privateers, staging a raid in the Gulf of Honduras. This raid proved to be useful, as the pirates and privateers collected a stash of five hundred chests of indigo dye, in addition to cocoa, cochineal, money, plate, and tortoiseshell. Shortly afterwards, Coxon made himself an ally of several other important buccaneers of the day, including Cornelius Essex, Bartholomew Sharp, and Robert Allison. They then set sail for Portobelo. Upon reaching Portobelo, they travelled for around four days, and on 17 February, they plundered the town carelessly, escaping the Spanish armies. Through this, each man earned, at the very least, one-hundred pieces of eight. Because of the plundering of Portobelo, the Governor of Jamaica, Lord Carlisle, issued search warrants for Coxon and his notorious crew. In addition, Henry Morgan, when acting as governor, issued another warrant for Coxon, but nothing resulted from these writs.", "Juan Fern\u00e1ndez Plate The Juan Fernandez Plate is a microplate in the Pacific Ocean. With a surface area of approximately 10 km, the microplate is located between 32\u00b0 and 35\u00b0S and 109\u00b0 and 112\u00b0 W. The plate is located at a triple junction between the Pacific Plate, Antarctic Plate, and Nazca Plate. Approximately 2000 km to the west of South America, it is, on average, 3000 meters deep with its shallowest point coming to approximately 1600 meters, and its deepest point reaching 4400 meters. The Juan Fernandez Microplate was first discovered in 1972 via seismicity charts, which showed semi-circular patterns at the Pacific-Nazca-Antarctica triple junction. This implied that Shear zone were present that were inconsistent with existing plate theories in the area. The microplate, as it is known today, was first mapped and named in 1983, during a Sea Beam survey that specifically mapped the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between the Easter and Juan Fernandez microplates. The first sonar mapping of the JF Microplate was performed in 1983. Shortly after, the RV Endeavor performed another geological survey with the goal of defining the boundaries of the plate and clearly identifying the key features of the triple junction of which the Juan Fernandez Microplate is the center. Since then, the growth of the plate has been theorized to be influenced by spreading ridges between the Pacific and JF Plates, accretion onto the plate by the Nazca and JF shear zones, and compression of both the northern most and south eastern points of the JF Microplate. This microplate is estimated to have formed approximately 3\u20134 Ma ago. Once one single spreading center, the East Pacific Rise at this location split in two, and resulted in two separate spreading ridges between the Nazca Plate and the Pacific Plate.", "The other endemic bird species are the Juan Fern\u00e1ndez tit-tyrant (\"Anairetes fernandezianus\") of Robinson Crusoe Island, and the Masafuera rayadito (\"Aphrastura masafuerae\") of Alejandro Selkirk Island. The islands support the entire known breeding populations of two petrel species, Stejneger's Petrel \"Pterodroma longirostris\" (IUCN status VU) and the Juan Fernandez Petrel \"Pterodroma externa\" ( IUCN status VU). In addition, the Juan Fernandez Islands may still support a third breeding petrel species, De Filippi's Petrel \"Pterodroma defilippiana\" (IUCN status VU), whose only other known breeding grounds are on the Desventuradas Islands. The Magellanic penguin breeds on Robinson Crusoe Island within the archipelago. The endemic Juan Fernandez spiny lobster (without claws) lives in the marine waters (\"Jasus frontalis\"). The Juan Fern\u00e1ndez fur seal (\"Arctocephalus philippii\") also lives on the islands. This species was nearly exterminated in the sixteenth to nineteenth century, but it was rediscovered in 1965. A census in 1970 found about 750 fur seals living there. Today, the total population reaches the ten thousands. Only two were sighted on the Desventuradas Islands, located some to the north. The actual population of the Desventuradas may be higher, because the species tends to hide in sea caves. There seems to be a yearly population increase of 16\u201317 percent. From the continent, as expected, the access is only by air or sea. By air: the local airlines LASSA and ATA fly weekly (2.5 hrs. from Santiago)."], "answer": {"text": "Dampier succeeded in capturing a number of small Spanish ships along the coast of Peru,", "answer_start": 633}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Tell me about the second circumnavigation?", "answer": {"text": "interests. Dampier was appointed commander of the 26-gun ship St George, with a crew of 120 men.", "answer_start": 134, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he set sail from?", "answer": {"text": "from Kinsale, Ireland.", "answer_start": 320, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he encounter pirates?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they go from Kinsale?", "answer": {"text": "The two ships made a storm-tossed passage round Cape Horn, arriving at the Juan Fernandez Islands", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do there?", "answer": {"text": "While watering and provisioning there, they sighted a heavily armed French merchantman,", "answer_start": 482, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they fight?", "answer": {"text": "they engaged in a seven-hour battle but were driven off.", "answer_start": 576, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anyone badly injured?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_31fcf36e0bff465183d7fbc98590df89_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Way It Is (Bruce Hornsby album) The Way It Is is Bruce Hornsby and the Range's debut album, released by RCA Records in 1986. Led by its hit title track, the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status and helped the group to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Other hits from the album include \"Mandolin Rain\" and \"Every Little Kiss\". Huey Lewis features on harmonica and vocals on \"Down the Road Tonight\". Lewis also co-produced the song, along with the tracks \"The Long Race\" and \"The River Runs Low\". The original release of the album featured an impressionistic photograph on the cover of Bruce Hornsby playing an accordion. It was originally targeted at the New Age music market and featured slightly different versions of the songs \"Down the Road Tonight\" and \"The River Runs Low.\" Once the album's tracks started to receive regular airplay on Pop Music stations in late 1986, the album was remixed and was re-released with a new sepia-toned cover featuring a photo of the band superimposed over a photo of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Tracks 2 and 5 written by Bruce Hornsby; all other songs written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby. Track times are for the current release of the album. Note: the opening of \"Every Little Kiss\" features an extended quotation of Charles Ives's Piano Sonata No. 2. Produced by DIR Broadcasting for the \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\". Recorded live at The Ritz, New York City, February 2, 1987 by Effanel Music.", "Big Swing Face Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date; the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano, it relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. The album also boasts a \"stream-of-consciousness wordplay\" of lyrics that are in many ways more eccentric and humorous than previous work. The jazz fusion jam on \"Cartoons & Candy\" and the gesture towards Hornsby's jam band influence with Steve Kimock's extended guitar solo on \" The Chill\" highlighted some of the album's only familiar territory, and Hornsby cites the opening track, \"Sticks and Stones,\" as his partial homage to Radiohead's \"Everything in its Right Place. \" \"Big Swing Face\" received mixed reviews, ranging from \"a new and improved Bruce Hornsby\" to feeling as if \"someone else is singing\", to the album being called one of the \"strangest records of 2002\". The album received little promotion from RCA Records, and sold poorly. Hornsby left RCA shortly afterward. All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted.", "John Hornsby Jonathan Bigelow \"John\" Hornsby (born June 13, 1956, Williamsburg, Virginia) is an American composer, musician and actor. He is the brother of musician and composer Bruce Hornsby, and the two have collaborated often. Hornsby co-wrote seven of nine songs on the multi-platinum album \"The Way It Is\", including the top-five hit \"Mandolin Rain\". Other tracks on the album helped establish what some labeled the \"Virginia sound\", a mixture of rock, jazz, and bluegrass, with an observational Southern feel. Bruce Hornsby's group, Bruce Hornsby and the Range, would go on to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1986. The Hornsby brothers co-wrote \"Jacob's Ladder\", which became a #1 hit for Huey Lewis and the News in 1987, and \"The Valley Road\", for the group's 1988 follow-up album \"Scenes from the Southside\". Hornsby contributed to six film soundtracks and was an actor in \"A Place to Grow\" in 1998, playing one of the \"Centennial Singers.\" He is a graduate of the University of Virginia Law School, class of 1987. He currently lives in Charlottesville, Virginia, with his wife, Paige, and daughters Charlotte, Emily, Jane and son Nathan.", "White Water Summer White Water Summer is a 1987 American drama film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Kevin Bacon, Sean Astin, Jonathan Ward, and Matt Adler. School is out for the summer, and a group of young teenagers go on a hike with Vic, an experienced guide. One teen, Alan, butts heads with Vic during the film, as the life lessons Vic attempts to teach annoy him. The more defiant Alan gets, the more extreme the lessons come from Vic. Alan's defiance and Vic's aggressive lessons culminate in disaster and Vic winds up breaking his leg. Alan then has to use his skills and some of Vic's to get down from the mountain. \"White Water Summer\" was originally produced as \"Rites of Summer\" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains, as well as in western Quebec, Canada, at the small French Quebec town of Fort-Coulonge, and New Zealand locales. Columbia Pictures released the film theatrically in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; a wider release was planned, but never carried out. Nine songs are included in the film: Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range Courtesy of The RCA Records Label of BMG Music Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range", "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Somewhat a musical departure for Hornsby and the Noisemakers , \"Levitate\" features no piano solos. Many of the songs also feature lyrical motifs of science and nature. Several songs were co-written with Chip DeMatteo for a stage musical titled SCKBSTD. The title track was used in Spike Lee's documentary \"Kobe Doin' Work. Invisible\" was featured in the Bobcat Goldthwait movie \"World's Greatest Dad\", in which Hornsby also made a cameo appearance as himself. Much like the 2004 release \"Halcyon Days, Levitate\" features guest artists and those close to Hornsby, most notably Eric Clapton, Hornsby's twin sons Russell and Keith, Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter, and Hornsby's nephew R.S. Hornsby, who was killed in a car accident less than a week after recording a memorable guitar solo on \"Continents Drift. \" The album has been dedicated to his memory."], "answer": {"text": "Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920-1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_31fcf36e0bff465183d7fbc98590df89_1_q#1", "question": "When did he first become interested in music?", "rewrite": "When did Bruce Hornsby first become interested in music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Big Swing Face Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date; the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano, it relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. The album also boasts a \"stream-of-consciousness wordplay\" of lyrics that are in many ways more eccentric and humorous than previous work. The jazz fusion jam on \"Cartoons & Candy\" and the gesture towards Hornsby's jam band influence with Steve Kimock's extended guitar solo on \" The Chill\" highlighted some of the album's only familiar territory, and Hornsby cites the opening track, \"Sticks and Stones,\" as his partial homage to Radiohead's \"Everything in its Right Place. \" \"Big Swing Face\" received mixed reviews, ranging from \"a new and improved Bruce Hornsby\" to feeling as if \"someone else is singing\", to the album being called one of the \"strangest records of 2002\". The album received little promotion from RCA Records, and sold poorly. Hornsby left RCA shortly afterward. All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted.", "Spirit Trail Spirit Trail is the sixth studio album by American pianist and singer Bruce Hornsby, released by RCA Records as a double CD in 1998. The cover artwork depicts Hornsby's uncle, Charles Hornsby. The album blended instrumental tracks with the story-telling, rock, jazz, and other musical forms Hornsby had delved into over his career. Over the two discs, Hornsby wove a tapestry of varied textures, from the fervent spirituality and almost gospel dirge of \"Preacher in the Ring, parts I & II,\" to the catchy chord progressions of \"Sad Moon.\" \"Spirit Trail\" has been often mentioned to be one of Bruce Hornsby's best albums. Several tracks, notably \"Fortunate Son\", have since become fan favorites and staples at Hornsby's concerts. Among other homages, the song \"Sunflower Cat (Some Dour Cat) (Down With That)\" sampled and looped the main lick from the Grateful Dead song \"China Cat Sunflower.\" \"Spirit Trail\" considered \"very Southern\" themes with \"songs about race, religion, judgment and tolerance\" and \"struggles with these issues\"\u2014notably on \"Sneaking Up on Boo Radley,\" which references the character from Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted. In some territories, including the UK, this album was released as a single disc, omitting the tracks \"Sunlight Moon\", \"Listen To The Silence\" and \"Funhouse\".", "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Somewhat a musical departure for Hornsby and the Noisemakers , \"Levitate\" features no piano solos. Many of the songs also feature lyrical motifs of science and nature. Several songs were co-written with Chip DeMatteo for a stage musical titled SCKBSTD. The title track was used in Spike Lee's documentary \"Kobe Doin' Work. Invisible\" was featured in the Bobcat Goldthwait movie \"World's Greatest Dad\", in which Hornsby also made a cameo appearance as himself. Much like the 2004 release \"Halcyon Days, Levitate\" features guest artists and those close to Hornsby, most notably Eric Clapton, Hornsby's twin sons Russell and Keith, Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter, and Hornsby's nephew R.S. Hornsby, who was killed in a car accident less than a week after recording a memorable guitar solo on \"Continents Drift. \" The album has been dedicated to his memory.", "The Way It Is (Bruce Hornsby album) The Way It Is is Bruce Hornsby and the Range's debut album, released by RCA Records in 1986. Led by its hit title track, the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status and helped the group to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Other hits from the album include \"Mandolin Rain\" and \"Every Little Kiss\". Huey Lewis features on harmonica and vocals on \"Down the Road Tonight\". Lewis also co-produced the song, along with the tracks \"The Long Race\" and \"The River Runs Low\". The original release of the album featured an impressionistic photograph on the cover of Bruce Hornsby playing an accordion. It was originally targeted at the New Age music market and featured slightly different versions of the songs \"Down the Road Tonight\" and \"The River Runs Low.\" Once the album's tracks started to receive regular airplay on Pop Music stations in late 1986, the album was remixed and was re-released with a new sepia-toned cover featuring a photo of the band superimposed over a photo of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Tracks 2 and 5 written by Bruce Hornsby; all other songs written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby. Track times are for the current release of the album. Note: the opening of \"Every Little Kiss\" features an extended quotation of Charles Ives's Piano Sonata No. 2. Produced by DIR Broadcasting for the \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\". Recorded live at The Ritz, New York City, February 2, 1987 by Effanel Music.", "White Water Summer White Water Summer is a 1987 American drama film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Kevin Bacon, Sean Astin, Jonathan Ward, and Matt Adler. School is out for the summer, and a group of young teenagers go on a hike with Vic, an experienced guide. One teen, Alan, butts heads with Vic during the film, as the life lessons Vic attempts to teach annoy him. The more defiant Alan gets, the more extreme the lessons come from Vic. Alan's defiance and Vic's aggressive lessons culminate in disaster and Vic winds up breaking his leg. Alan then has to use his skills and some of Vic's to get down from the mountain. \"White Water Summer\" was originally produced as \"Rites of Summer\" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains, as well as in western Quebec, Canada, at the small French Quebec town of Fort-Coulonge, and New Zealand locales. Columbia Pictures released the film theatrically in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; a wider release was planned, but never carried out. Nine songs are included in the film: Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range Courtesy of The RCA Records Label of BMG Music Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range"], "answer": {"text": "He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music and the University of Miami, from which he graduated in 1977.", "answer_start": 529}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920-1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_31fcf36e0bff465183d7fbc98590df89_1_q#2", "question": "Was he from a large family?", "rewrite": "Was Bruce Hornsby from a large family?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["White Water Summer White Water Summer is a 1987 American drama film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Kevin Bacon, Sean Astin, Jonathan Ward, and Matt Adler. School is out for the summer, and a group of young teenagers go on a hike with Vic, an experienced guide. One teen, Alan, butts heads with Vic during the film, as the life lessons Vic attempts to teach annoy him. The more defiant Alan gets, the more extreme the lessons come from Vic. Alan's defiance and Vic's aggressive lessons culminate in disaster and Vic winds up breaking his leg. Alan then has to use his skills and some of Vic's to get down from the mountain. \"White Water Summer\" was originally produced as \"Rites of Summer\" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains, as well as in western Quebec, Canada, at the small French Quebec town of Fort-Coulonge, and New Zealand locales. Columbia Pictures released the film theatrically in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; a wider release was planned, but never carried out. Nine songs are included in the film: Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range Courtesy of The RCA Records Label of BMG Music Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range", "Spirit Trail Spirit Trail is the sixth studio album by American pianist and singer Bruce Hornsby, released by RCA Records as a double CD in 1998. The cover artwork depicts Hornsby's uncle, Charles Hornsby. The album blended instrumental tracks with the story-telling, rock, jazz, and other musical forms Hornsby had delved into over his career. Over the two discs, Hornsby wove a tapestry of varied textures, from the fervent spirituality and almost gospel dirge of \"Preacher in the Ring, parts I & II,\" to the catchy chord progressions of \"Sad Moon.\" \"Spirit Trail\" has been often mentioned to be one of Bruce Hornsby's best albums. Several tracks, notably \"Fortunate Son\", have since become fan favorites and staples at Hornsby's concerts. Among other homages, the song \"Sunflower Cat (Some Dour Cat) (Down With That)\" sampled and looped the main lick from the Grateful Dead song \"China Cat Sunflower.\" \"Spirit Trail\" considered \"very Southern\" themes with \"songs about race, religion, judgment and tolerance\" and \"struggles with these issues\"\u2014notably on \"Sneaking Up on Boo Radley,\" which references the character from Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted. In some territories, including the UK, this album was released as a single disc, omitting the tracks \"Sunlight Moon\", \"Listen To The Silence\" and \"Funhouse\".", "Big Swing Face Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date; the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano, it relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. The album also boasts a \"stream-of-consciousness wordplay\" of lyrics that are in many ways more eccentric and humorous than previous work. The jazz fusion jam on \"Cartoons & Candy\" and the gesture towards Hornsby's jam band influence with Steve Kimock's extended guitar solo on \" The Chill\" highlighted some of the album's only familiar territory, and Hornsby cites the opening track, \"Sticks and Stones,\" as his partial homage to Radiohead's \"Everything in its Right Place. \" \"Big Swing Face\" received mixed reviews, ranging from \"a new and improved Bruce Hornsby\" to feeling as if \"someone else is singing\", to the album being called one of the \"strangest records of 2002\". The album received little promotion from RCA Records, and sold poorly. Hornsby left RCA shortly afterward. All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted.", "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Somewhat a musical departure for Hornsby and the Noisemakers , \"Levitate\" features no piano solos. Many of the songs also feature lyrical motifs of science and nature. Several songs were co-written with Chip DeMatteo for a stage musical titled SCKBSTD. The title track was used in Spike Lee's documentary \"Kobe Doin' Work. Invisible\" was featured in the Bobcat Goldthwait movie \"World's Greatest Dad\", in which Hornsby also made a cameo appearance as himself. Much like the 2004 release \"Halcyon Days, Levitate\" features guest artists and those close to Hornsby, most notably Eric Clapton, Hornsby's twin sons Russell and Keith, Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter, and Hornsby's nephew R.S. Hornsby, who was killed in a car accident less than a week after recording a memorable guitar solo on \"Continents Drift. \" The album has been dedicated to his memory.", "The Way It Is (Bruce Hornsby album) The Way It Is is Bruce Hornsby and the Range's debut album, released by RCA Records in 1986. Led by its hit title track, the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status and helped the group to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Other hits from the album include \"Mandolin Rain\" and \"Every Little Kiss\". Huey Lewis features on harmonica and vocals on \"Down the Road Tonight\". Lewis also co-produced the song, along with the tracks \"The Long Race\" and \"The River Runs Low\". The original release of the album featured an impressionistic photograph on the cover of Bruce Hornsby playing an accordion. It was originally targeted at the New Age music market and featured slightly different versions of the songs \"Down the Road Tonight\" and \"The River Runs Low.\" Once the album's tracks started to receive regular airplay on Pop Music stations in late 1986, the album was remixed and was re-released with a new sepia-toned cover featuring a photo of the band superimposed over a photo of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Tracks 2 and 5 written by Bruce Hornsby; all other songs written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby. Track times are for the current release of the album. Note: the opening of \"Every Little Kiss\" features an extended quotation of Charles Ives's Piano Sonata No. 2. Produced by DIR Broadcasting for the \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\". Recorded live at The Ritz, New York City, February 2, 1987 by Effanel Music."], "answer": {"text": "he has two siblings: Robert Saunier \"Bobby\" Hornsby, a realtor with Hornsby Realty and locally known musician, and Jonathan Bigelow Hornsby, an engineer who has collaborated in songwriting.", "answer_start": 221}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920-1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first become interested in music?", "answer": {"text": "He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music and the University of Miami, from which he graduated in 1977.", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_31fcf36e0bff465183d7fbc98590df89_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Bruce Hornsby go to school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Big Swing Face Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date; the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano, it relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. The album also boasts a \"stream-of-consciousness wordplay\" of lyrics that are in many ways more eccentric and humorous than previous work. The jazz fusion jam on \"Cartoons & Candy\" and the gesture towards Hornsby's jam band influence with Steve Kimock's extended guitar solo on \" The Chill\" highlighted some of the album's only familiar territory, and Hornsby cites the opening track, \"Sticks and Stones,\" as his partial homage to Radiohead's \"Everything in its Right Place. \" \"Big Swing Face\" received mixed reviews, ranging from \"a new and improved Bruce Hornsby\" to feeling as if \"someone else is singing\", to the album being called one of the \"strangest records of 2002\". The album received little promotion from RCA Records, and sold poorly. Hornsby left RCA shortly afterward. All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted.", "White Water Summer White Water Summer is a 1987 American drama film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Kevin Bacon, Sean Astin, Jonathan Ward, and Matt Adler. School is out for the summer, and a group of young teenagers go on a hike with Vic, an experienced guide. One teen, Alan, butts heads with Vic during the film, as the life lessons Vic attempts to teach annoy him. The more defiant Alan gets, the more extreme the lessons come from Vic. Alan's defiance and Vic's aggressive lessons culminate in disaster and Vic winds up breaking his leg. Alan then has to use his skills and some of Vic's to get down from the mountain. \"White Water Summer\" was originally produced as \"Rites of Summer\" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains, as well as in western Quebec, Canada, at the small French Quebec town of Fort-Coulonge, and New Zealand locales. Columbia Pictures released the film theatrically in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; a wider release was planned, but never carried out. Nine songs are included in the film: Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range Courtesy of The RCA Records Label of BMG Music Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range", "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Somewhat a musical departure for Hornsby and the Noisemakers , \"Levitate\" features no piano solos. Many of the songs also feature lyrical motifs of science and nature. Several songs were co-written with Chip DeMatteo for a stage musical titled SCKBSTD. The title track was used in Spike Lee's documentary \"Kobe Doin' Work. Invisible\" was featured in the Bobcat Goldthwait movie \"World's Greatest Dad\", in which Hornsby also made a cameo appearance as himself. Much like the 2004 release \"Halcyon Days, Levitate\" features guest artists and those close to Hornsby, most notably Eric Clapton, Hornsby's twin sons Russell and Keith, Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter, and Hornsby's nephew R.S. Hornsby, who was killed in a car accident less than a week after recording a memorable guitar solo on \"Continents Drift. \" The album has been dedicated to his memory.", "The Way It Is (Bruce Hornsby album) The Way It Is is Bruce Hornsby and the Range's debut album, released by RCA Records in 1986. Led by its hit title track, the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status and helped the group to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Other hits from the album include \"Mandolin Rain\" and \"Every Little Kiss\". Huey Lewis features on harmonica and vocals on \"Down the Road Tonight\". Lewis also co-produced the song, along with the tracks \"The Long Race\" and \"The River Runs Low\". The original release of the album featured an impressionistic photograph on the cover of Bruce Hornsby playing an accordion. It was originally targeted at the New Age music market and featured slightly different versions of the songs \"Down the Road Tonight\" and \"The River Runs Low.\" Once the album's tracks started to receive regular airplay on Pop Music stations in late 1986, the album was remixed and was re-released with a new sepia-toned cover featuring a photo of the band superimposed over a photo of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Tracks 2 and 5 written by Bruce Hornsby; all other songs written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby. Track times are for the current release of the album. Note: the opening of \"Every Little Kiss\" features an extended quotation of Charles Ives's Piano Sonata No. 2. Produced by DIR Broadcasting for the \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\". Recorded live at The Ritz, New York City, February 2, 1987 by Effanel Music.", "John Hornsby Jonathan Bigelow \"John\" Hornsby (born June 13, 1956, Williamsburg, Virginia) is an American composer, musician and actor. He is the brother of musician and composer Bruce Hornsby, and the two have collaborated often. Hornsby co-wrote seven of nine songs on the multi-platinum album \"The Way It Is\", including the top-five hit \"Mandolin Rain\". Other tracks on the album helped establish what some labeled the \"Virginia sound\", a mixture of rock, jazz, and bluegrass, with an observational Southern feel. Bruce Hornsby's group, Bruce Hornsby and the Range, would go on to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1986. The Hornsby brothers co-wrote \"Jacob's Ladder\", which became a #1 hit for Huey Lewis and the News in 1987, and \"The Valley Road\", for the group's 1988 follow-up album \"Scenes from the Southside\". Hornsby contributed to six film soundtracks and was an actor in \"A Place to Grow\" in 1998, playing one of the \"Centennial Singers.\" He is a graduate of the University of Virginia Law School, class of 1987. He currently lives in Charlottesville, Virginia, with his wife, Paige, and daughters Charlotte, Emily, Jane and son Nathan."], "answer": {"text": "He graduated from James Blair High School in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1973,", "answer_start": 411}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920-1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first become interested in music?", "answer": {"text": "He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music and the University of Miami, from which he graduated in 1977.", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he from a large family?", "answer": {"text": "he has two siblings: Robert Saunier \"Bobby\" Hornsby, a realtor with Hornsby Realty and locally known musician, and Jonathan Bigelow Hornsby, an engineer who has collaborated in songwriting.", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_31fcf36e0bff465183d7fbc98590df89_1_q#4", "question": "Did he ever play in any other bands?", "rewrite": "Besides being a former musician,  Bruce Hornsby ever play in any other bands?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Big Swing Face Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date; the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano, it relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. The album also boasts a \"stream-of-consciousness wordplay\" of lyrics that are in many ways more eccentric and humorous than previous work. The jazz fusion jam on \"Cartoons & Candy\" and the gesture towards Hornsby's jam band influence with Steve Kimock's extended guitar solo on \" The Chill\" highlighted some of the album's only familiar territory, and Hornsby cites the opening track, \"Sticks and Stones,\" as his partial homage to Radiohead's \"Everything in its Right Place. \" \"Big Swing Face\" received mixed reviews, ranging from \"a new and improved Bruce Hornsby\" to feeling as if \"someone else is singing\", to the album being called one of the \"strangest records of 2002\". The album received little promotion from RCA Records, and sold poorly. Hornsby left RCA shortly afterward. All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted.", "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Somewhat a musical departure for Hornsby and the Noisemakers , \"Levitate\" features no piano solos. Many of the songs also feature lyrical motifs of science and nature. Several songs were co-written with Chip DeMatteo for a stage musical titled SCKBSTD. The title track was used in Spike Lee's documentary \"Kobe Doin' Work. Invisible\" was featured in the Bobcat Goldthwait movie \"World's Greatest Dad\", in which Hornsby also made a cameo appearance as himself. Much like the 2004 release \"Halcyon Days, Levitate\" features guest artists and those close to Hornsby, most notably Eric Clapton, Hornsby's twin sons Russell and Keith, Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter, and Hornsby's nephew R.S. Hornsby, who was killed in a car accident less than a week after recording a memorable guitar solo on \"Continents Drift. \" The album has been dedicated to his memory.", "John Hornsby Jonathan Bigelow \"John\" Hornsby (born June 13, 1956, Williamsburg, Virginia) is an American composer, musician and actor. He is the brother of musician and composer Bruce Hornsby, and the two have collaborated often. Hornsby co-wrote seven of nine songs on the multi-platinum album \"The Way It Is\", including the top-five hit \"Mandolin Rain\". Other tracks on the album helped establish what some labeled the \"Virginia sound\", a mixture of rock, jazz, and bluegrass, with an observational Southern feel. Bruce Hornsby's group, Bruce Hornsby and the Range, would go on to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1986. The Hornsby brothers co-wrote \"Jacob's Ladder\", which became a #1 hit for Huey Lewis and the News in 1987, and \"The Valley Road\", for the group's 1988 follow-up album \"Scenes from the Southside\". Hornsby contributed to six film soundtracks and was an actor in \"A Place to Grow\" in 1998, playing one of the \"Centennial Singers.\" He is a graduate of the University of Virginia Law School, class of 1987. He currently lives in Charlottesville, Virginia, with his wife, Paige, and daughters Charlotte, Emily, Jane and son Nathan.", "White Water Summer White Water Summer is a 1987 American drama film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Kevin Bacon, Sean Astin, Jonathan Ward, and Matt Adler. School is out for the summer, and a group of young teenagers go on a hike with Vic, an experienced guide. One teen, Alan, butts heads with Vic during the film, as the life lessons Vic attempts to teach annoy him. The more defiant Alan gets, the more extreme the lessons come from Vic. Alan's defiance and Vic's aggressive lessons culminate in disaster and Vic winds up breaking his leg. Alan then has to use his skills and some of Vic's to get down from the mountain. \"White Water Summer\" was originally produced as \"Rites of Summer\" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains, as well as in western Quebec, Canada, at the small French Quebec town of Fort-Coulonge, and New Zealand locales. Columbia Pictures released the film theatrically in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; a wider release was planned, but never carried out. Nine songs are included in the film: Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range Courtesy of The RCA Records Label of BMG Music Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range", "The Way It Is (Bruce Hornsby album) The Way It Is is Bruce Hornsby and the Range's debut album, released by RCA Records in 1986. Led by its hit title track, the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status and helped the group to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Other hits from the album include \"Mandolin Rain\" and \"Every Little Kiss\". Huey Lewis features on harmonica and vocals on \"Down the Road Tonight\". Lewis also co-produced the song, along with the tracks \"The Long Race\" and \"The River Runs Low\". The original release of the album featured an impressionistic photograph on the cover of Bruce Hornsby playing an accordion. It was originally targeted at the New Age music market and featured slightly different versions of the songs \"Down the Road Tonight\" and \"The River Runs Low.\" Once the album's tracks started to receive regular airplay on Pop Music stations in late 1986, the album was remixed and was re-released with a new sepia-toned cover featuring a photo of the band superimposed over a photo of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Tracks 2 and 5 written by Bruce Hornsby; all other songs written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby. Track times are for the current release of the album. Note: the opening of \"Every Little Kiss\" features an extended quotation of Charles Ives's Piano Sonata No. 2. Produced by DIR Broadcasting for the \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\". Recorded live at The Ritz, New York City, February 2, 1987 by Effanel Music."], "answer": {"text": "In the spring of 1974 Hornsby's older brother Bobby, who attended the University of Virginia, formed the band \"Bobby Hi-Test and the Octane Kids\"", "answer_start": 675}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920-1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first become interested in music?", "answer": {"text": "He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music and the University of Miami, from which he graduated in 1977.", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he from a large family?", "answer": {"text": "he has two siblings: Robert Saunier \"Bobby\" Hornsby, a realtor with Hornsby Realty and locally known musician, and Jonathan Bigelow Hornsby, an engineer who has collaborated in songwriting.", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "He graduated from James Blair High School in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1973,", "answer_start": 411, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_31fcf36e0bff465183d7fbc98590df89_1_q#5", "question": "Where did they perform?", "rewrite": "Where did Bruce Hornsby perform?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Spirit Trail Spirit Trail is the sixth studio album by American pianist and singer Bruce Hornsby, released by RCA Records as a double CD in 1998. The cover artwork depicts Hornsby's uncle, Charles Hornsby. The album blended instrumental tracks with the story-telling, rock, jazz, and other musical forms Hornsby had delved into over his career. Over the two discs, Hornsby wove a tapestry of varied textures, from the fervent spirituality and almost gospel dirge of \"Preacher in the Ring, parts I & II,\" to the catchy chord progressions of \"Sad Moon.\" \"Spirit Trail\" has been often mentioned to be one of Bruce Hornsby's best albums. Several tracks, notably \"Fortunate Son\", have since become fan favorites and staples at Hornsby's concerts. Among other homages, the song \"Sunflower Cat (Some Dour Cat) (Down With That)\" sampled and looped the main lick from the Grateful Dead song \"China Cat Sunflower.\" \"Spirit Trail\" considered \"very Southern\" themes with \"songs about race, religion, judgment and tolerance\" and \"struggles with these issues\"\u2014notably on \"Sneaking Up on Boo Radley,\" which references the character from Harper Lee's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted. In some territories, including the UK, this album was released as a single disc, omitting the tracks \"Sunlight Moon\", \"Listen To The Silence\" and \"Funhouse\".", "The Way It Is (Bruce Hornsby album) The Way It Is is Bruce Hornsby and the Range's debut album, released by RCA Records in 1986. Led by its hit title track, the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status and helped the group to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Other hits from the album include \"Mandolin Rain\" and \"Every Little Kiss\". Huey Lewis features on harmonica and vocals on \"Down the Road Tonight\". Lewis also co-produced the song, along with the tracks \"The Long Race\" and \"The River Runs Low\". The original release of the album featured an impressionistic photograph on the cover of Bruce Hornsby playing an accordion. It was originally targeted at the New Age music market and featured slightly different versions of the songs \"Down the Road Tonight\" and \"The River Runs Low.\" Once the album's tracks started to receive regular airplay on Pop Music stations in late 1986, the album was remixed and was re-released with a new sepia-toned cover featuring a photo of the band superimposed over a photo of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Tracks 2 and 5 written by Bruce Hornsby; all other songs written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby. Track times are for the current release of the album. Note: the opening of \"Every Little Kiss\" features an extended quotation of Charles Ives's Piano Sonata No. 2. Produced by DIR Broadcasting for the \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\". Recorded live at The Ritz, New York City, February 2, 1987 by Effanel Music.", "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Somewhat a musical departure for Hornsby and the Noisemakers , \"Levitate\" features no piano solos. Many of the songs also feature lyrical motifs of science and nature. Several songs were co-written with Chip DeMatteo for a stage musical titled SCKBSTD. The title track was used in Spike Lee's documentary \"Kobe Doin' Work. Invisible\" was featured in the Bobcat Goldthwait movie \"World's Greatest Dad\", in which Hornsby also made a cameo appearance as himself. Much like the 2004 release \"Halcyon Days, Levitate\" features guest artists and those close to Hornsby, most notably Eric Clapton, Hornsby's twin sons Russell and Keith, Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter, and Hornsby's nephew R.S. Hornsby, who was killed in a car accident less than a week after recording a memorable guitar solo on \"Continents Drift. \" The album has been dedicated to his memory.", "White Water Summer White Water Summer is a 1987 American drama film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Kevin Bacon, Sean Astin, Jonathan Ward, and Matt Adler. School is out for the summer, and a group of young teenagers go on a hike with Vic, an experienced guide. One teen, Alan, butts heads with Vic during the film, as the life lessons Vic attempts to teach annoy him. The more defiant Alan gets, the more extreme the lessons come from Vic. Alan's defiance and Vic's aggressive lessons culminate in disaster and Vic winds up breaking his leg. Alan then has to use his skills and some of Vic's to get down from the mountain. \"White Water Summer\" was originally produced as \"Rites of Summer\" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains, as well as in western Quebec, Canada, at the small French Quebec town of Fort-Coulonge, and New Zealand locales. Columbia Pictures released the film theatrically in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; a wider release was planned, but never carried out. Nine songs are included in the film: Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range Courtesy of The RCA Records Label of BMG Music Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range", "Big Swing Face Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date; the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano, it relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. The album also boasts a \"stream-of-consciousness wordplay\" of lyrics that are in many ways more eccentric and humorous than previous work. The jazz fusion jam on \"Cartoons & Candy\" and the gesture towards Hornsby's jam band influence with Steve Kimock's extended guitar solo on \" The Chill\" highlighted some of the album's only familiar territory, and Hornsby cites the opening track, \"Sticks and Stones,\" as his partial homage to Radiohead's \"Everything in its Right Place. \" \"Big Swing Face\" received mixed reviews, ranging from \"a new and improved Bruce Hornsby\" to feeling as if \"someone else is singing\", to the album being called one of the \"strangest records of 2002\". The album received little promotion from RCA Records, and sold poorly. Hornsby left RCA shortly afterward. All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "\" to play fraternity parties,", "answer_start": 819}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920-1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first become interested in music?", "answer": {"text": "He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music and the University of Miami, from which he graduated in 1977.", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he from a large family?", "answer": {"text": "he has two siblings: Robert Saunier \"Bobby\" Hornsby, a realtor with Hornsby Realty and locally known musician, and Jonathan Bigelow Hornsby, an engineer who has collaborated in songwriting.", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "He graduated from James Blair High School in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1973,", "answer_start": 411, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever play in any other bands?", "answer": {"text": "In the spring of 1974 Hornsby's older brother Bobby, who attended the University of Virginia, formed the band \"Bobby Hi-Test and the Octane Kids\"", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_31fcf36e0bff465183d7fbc98590df89_1_q#6", "question": "Where did he learn how to play instruments?", "rewrite": "Where did Bruce Hornsby learn how to play instruments?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Hornsby Jonathan Bigelow \"John\" Hornsby (born June 13, 1956, Williamsburg, Virginia) is an American composer, musician and actor. He is the brother of musician and composer Bruce Hornsby, and the two have collaborated often. Hornsby co-wrote seven of nine songs on the multi-platinum album \"The Way It Is\", including the top-five hit \"Mandolin Rain\". Other tracks on the album helped establish what some labeled the \"Virginia sound\", a mixture of rock, jazz, and bluegrass, with an observational Southern feel. Bruce Hornsby's group, Bruce Hornsby and the Range, would go on to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist in 1986. The Hornsby brothers co-wrote \"Jacob's Ladder\", which became a #1 hit for Huey Lewis and the News in 1987, and \"The Valley Road\", for the group's 1988 follow-up album \"Scenes from the Southside\". Hornsby contributed to six film soundtracks and was an actor in \"A Place to Grow\" in 1998, playing one of the \"Centennial Singers.\" He is a graduate of the University of Virginia Law School, class of 1987. He currently lives in Charlottesville, Virginia, with his wife, Paige, and daughters Charlotte, Emily, Jane and son Nathan.", "The Way It Is (Bruce Hornsby album) The Way It Is is Bruce Hornsby and the Range's debut album, released by RCA Records in 1986. Led by its hit title track, the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status and helped the group to win the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. Other hits from the album include \"Mandolin Rain\" and \"Every Little Kiss\". Huey Lewis features on harmonica and vocals on \"Down the Road Tonight\". Lewis also co-produced the song, along with the tracks \"The Long Race\" and \"The River Runs Low\". The original release of the album featured an impressionistic photograph on the cover of Bruce Hornsby playing an accordion. It was originally targeted at the New Age music market and featured slightly different versions of the songs \"Down the Road Tonight\" and \"The River Runs Low.\" Once the album's tracks started to receive regular airplay on Pop Music stations in late 1986, the album was remixed and was re-released with a new sepia-toned cover featuring a photo of the band superimposed over a photo of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Tracks 2 and 5 written by Bruce Hornsby; all other songs written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby. Track times are for the current release of the album. Note: the opening of \"Every Little Kiss\" features an extended quotation of Charles Ives's Piano Sonata No. 2. Produced by DIR Broadcasting for the \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\". Recorded live at The Ritz, New York City, February 2, 1987 by Effanel Music.", "White Water Summer White Water Summer is a 1987 American drama film directed by Jeff Bleckner and starring Kevin Bacon, Sean Astin, Jonathan Ward, and Matt Adler. School is out for the summer, and a group of young teenagers go on a hike with Vic, an experienced guide. One teen, Alan, butts heads with Vic during the film, as the life lessons Vic attempts to teach annoy him. The more defiant Alan gets, the more extreme the lessons come from Vic. Alan's defiance and Vic's aggressive lessons culminate in disaster and Vic winds up breaking his leg. Alan then has to use his skills and some of Vic's to get down from the mountain. \"White Water Summer\" was originally produced as \"Rites of Summer\" in 1985, and given its current name upon release in 1987. The film's action is framed by commentary from the now-older character of Alan (Sean Astin), as he remembers a camping trip led by Vic (Kevin Bacon). The narration was filmed two years after the film itself; Astin is noticeably older. The film was photographed by John Alcott, a frequent collaborator of Stanley Kubrick. Alcott died shortly before the release of the film, which is dedicated to his memory. Scenes were shot in California's Sierra Nevada mountains, as well as in western Quebec, Canada, at the small French Quebec town of Fort-Coulonge, and New Zealand locales. Columbia Pictures released the film theatrically in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States; a wider release was planned, but never carried out. Nine songs are included in the film: Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range Courtesy of The RCA Records Label of BMG Music Written by Bruce Hornsby and John Hornsby Performed by Bruce Hornsby and The Range", "Levitate (Bruce Hornsby album) Levitate is the tenth studio album by Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's third studio album with his touring band, Bruce Hornsby and the Noisemakers, and was his first release with Verve Records. Somewhat a musical departure for Hornsby and the Noisemakers , \"Levitate\" features no piano solos. Many of the songs also feature lyrical motifs of science and nature. Several songs were co-written with Chip DeMatteo for a stage musical titled SCKBSTD. The title track was used in Spike Lee's documentary \"Kobe Doin' Work. Invisible\" was featured in the Bobcat Goldthwait movie \"World's Greatest Dad\", in which Hornsby also made a cameo appearance as himself. Much like the 2004 release \"Halcyon Days, Levitate\" features guest artists and those close to Hornsby, most notably Eric Clapton, Hornsby's twin sons Russell and Keith, Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter, and Hornsby's nephew R.S. Hornsby, who was killed in a car accident less than a week after recording a memorable guitar solo on \"Continents Drift. \" The album has been dedicated to his memory.", "Big Swing Face Big Swing Face is the eighth album by American singer and pianist Bruce Hornsby. It was Hornsby's first studio album with his touring band, the Noisemakers, and his last album for RCA Records . The album was Hornsby's most experimental effort to date; the only album on which Hornsby barely plays any piano, it relied heavily on post-electronica beats, drum loops, Pro Tools editing, and dense synthesizer arrangements. The album also boasts a \"stream-of-consciousness wordplay\" of lyrics that are in many ways more eccentric and humorous than previous work. The jazz fusion jam on \"Cartoons & Candy\" and the gesture towards Hornsby's jam band influence with Steve Kimock's extended guitar solo on \" The Chill\" highlighted some of the album's only familiar territory, and Hornsby cites the opening track, \"Sticks and Stones,\" as his partial homage to Radiohead's \"Everything in its Right Place. \" \"Big Swing Face\" received mixed reviews, ranging from \"a new and improved Bruce Hornsby\" to feeling as if \"someone else is singing\", to the album being called one of the \"strangest records of 2002\". The album received little promotion from RCA Records, and sold poorly. Hornsby left RCA shortly afterward. All songs by Bruce Hornsby, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music and the University of Miami, from which he graduated in 1977.", "answer_start": 529}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Bruce Hornsby grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Bruce Randall Hornsby was born in Williamsburg, Virginia, a son of Robert Stanley Hornsby (1920-1998), an attorney, real-estate developer and former musician,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first become interested in music?", "answer": {"text": "He studied music at the University of Richmond, as well as Berklee College of Music and the University of Miami, from which he graduated in 1977.", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he from a large family?", "answer": {"text": "he has two siblings: Robert Saunier \"Bobby\" Hornsby, a realtor with Hornsby Realty and locally known musician, and Jonathan Bigelow Hornsby, an engineer who has collaborated in songwriting.", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "He graduated from James Blair High School in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1973,", "answer_start": 411, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever play in any other bands?", "answer": {"text": "In the spring of 1974 Hornsby's older brother Bobby, who attended the University of Virginia, formed the band \"Bobby Hi-Test and the Octane Kids\"", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they perform?", "answer": {"text": "\" to play fraternity parties,", "answer_start": 819, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#0", "question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "rewrite": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Liam Cormier Liam Cormier (born February 9, 1980) is a Canadian musician from Toronto, Ontario. He is the lead singer for Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. He is also the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. He is a vegetarian and lives a straight edge lifestyle. He also runs his own clothing brand called Treadwell Clothing. Liam Cormier is the lead singer for the Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. The band is composed of Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cormier has been in the band since 2004. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. Cormier is the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. The band started in 2012. The band consists of Cormier on lead vocals, Matthew Tuck of Bullet for My Valentine on guitar and backing vocals, Mike Kingswood of Glamour of the Kill on guitar, Joe Copcutt of Zoax playing bass and Jason Bowld of Pitchshifter on drums. Cancer Bats AxeWound Liam Cormier", "Limited edition versions of the album was released, with USB flash drives that contained bonus material. The bonus material included: live performances of \"Accidents\" and \"Mailbox Arson\" at the SCENE Music Festival in St. Catharines, Ontario, the making of the videos \"Passing Out in America\" and \"This Could Be Anywhere in the World\", and a slide show to the audio of \"Thrones\". There is also an extra song called \"My God is a Reasonable Man\". The Vagrant version has an insert between the jewel case and original album cover, the insert changed the cover art for the US release, this was not done in any other market. In September and October 2006, the band went on a tour of Canada with Every Time I Die, Cancer Bats and Attack in Black. In October and November, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with Moneen. They were supported by Cancer Bats. In March and April 2007, the band supported Anti-Flag on their War Sucks... tour of the US. In June, the band went on a US tour alongside Funeral for a Friend, Emanuel and Fightstar. In September and October, the group supported Saosin on their headlining tour of the US. In December, the group went on a Canadian tour alongside Anti-Flag, Saosin and the Bled. The album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week. \"Crisis\" was certified platinum in Canada in May 2007. Crisis was voted 50th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century in Kerrang! The album was a big influence on Silverstein's \"Arrivals & Departures\" (2007), Cancer Bats' \"Hail Destroyer\" (2008), We Are the Ocean's \"Cutting Our Teeth\" (2010),", "Cancer Bats (EP) Cancer Bats was the first EP by the band Cancer Bats. It was produced and engineered by Cancer Bats' guitarist Scott Middleton. This EP was sold at all the live shows leading up until the release of Cancer Bats' first album \"Birthing the Giant\" and later repressed as a 7\" record by Tragicomedy Records.", "Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash."], "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#1", "question": "why did they call it Cancer Bats?", "rewrite": "Why was the band called Cancer Bats?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "Limited edition versions of the album was released, with USB flash drives that contained bonus material. The bonus material included: live performances of \"Accidents\" and \"Mailbox Arson\" at the SCENE Music Festival in St. Catharines, Ontario, the making of the videos \"Passing Out in America\" and \"This Could Be Anywhere in the World\", and a slide show to the audio of \"Thrones\". There is also an extra song called \"My God is a Reasonable Man\". The Vagrant version has an insert between the jewel case and original album cover, the insert changed the cover art for the US release, this was not done in any other market. In September and October 2006, the band went on a tour of Canada with Every Time I Die, Cancer Bats and Attack in Black. In October and November, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with Moneen. They were supported by Cancer Bats. In March and April 2007, the band supported Anti-Flag on their War Sucks... tour of the US. In June, the band went on a US tour alongside Funeral for a Friend, Emanuel and Fightstar. In September and October, the group supported Saosin on their headlining tour of the US. In December, the group went on a Canadian tour alongside Anti-Flag, Saosin and the Bled. The album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week. \"Crisis\" was certified platinum in Canada in May 2007. Crisis was voted 50th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century in Kerrang! The album was a big influence on Silverstein's \"Arrivals & Departures\" (2007), Cancer Bats' \"Hail Destroyer\" (2008), We Are the Ocean's \"Cutting Our Teeth\" (2010),", "Liam Cormier Liam Cormier (born February 9, 1980) is a Canadian musician from Toronto, Ontario. He is the lead singer for Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. He is also the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. He is a vegetarian and lives a straight edge lifestyle. He also runs his own clothing brand called Treadwell Clothing. Liam Cormier is the lead singer for the Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. The band is composed of Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cormier has been in the band since 2004. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. Cormier is the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. The band started in 2012. The band consists of Cormier on lead vocals, Matthew Tuck of Bullet for My Valentine on guitar and backing vocals, Mike Kingswood of Glamour of the Kill on guitar, Joe Copcutt of Zoax playing bass and Jason Bowld of Pitchshifter on drums. Cancer Bats AxeWound Liam Cormier", "Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash.", "Cancer Bats (EP) Cancer Bats was the first EP by the band Cancer Bats. It was produced and engineered by Cancer Bats' guitarist Scott Middleton. This EP was sold at all the live shows leading up until the release of Cancer Bats' first album \"Birthing the Giant\" and later repressed as a 7\" record by Tragicomedy Records."], "answer": {"text": "the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name.", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#2", "question": "who else did they add to their band?", "rewrite": "Besides Liam Cormier and Scott Middleton, who else was added to Cancer Bats?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Liam Cormier Liam Cormier (born February 9, 1980) is a Canadian musician from Toronto, Ontario. He is the lead singer for Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. He is also the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. He is a vegetarian and lives a straight edge lifestyle. He also runs his own clothing brand called Treadwell Clothing. Liam Cormier is the lead singer for the Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. The band is composed of Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cormier has been in the band since 2004. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. Cormier is the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. The band started in 2012. The band consists of Cormier on lead vocals, Matthew Tuck of Bullet for My Valentine on guitar and backing vocals, Mike Kingswood of Glamour of the Kill on guitar, Joe Copcutt of Zoax playing bass and Jason Bowld of Pitchshifter on drums. Cancer Bats AxeWound Liam Cormier", "Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash.", "They remained a three-piece until mid-2006 when Todd joined so Dylan could switch to lead vocals. Painted Thin was a Canadian hardcore punk band, formed in Winnipeg, and active from 1994 to 1999. The core of the band consisted of vocalist and guitarist Stephen Carroll and bassist and vocalist Paul Furgale, with a variety of guest musicians, including James Ash, Dan McCafferty and Jason Tait, on individual recordings. The first CD was \"Small Acts of Love and Rebellion\", a split CD with John K. Samson, in 1995 on G7 Welcoming Committee Records, and the albums \" Still They Die of Heartbreak\" in 1997 and \"Clear, Plausible Stories\" in 1999 before breaking up. Carroll and Tait went on to join Samson's indie rock band, The Weakerthans, while Furgale started the band Sixty Stories. Bunchofuckingoofs (BFGs), from the Kensington Market neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, formed in November 1983 as a response to \"a local war with glue huffing Nazi skinheads.\"Armed and Hammered was a hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario, spawned from the Kensington Market, BFG (Bunchofuckingoofs) scene. They played their first show June 7, 1989 and their final show on April 19, 2003. Cancer Bats are a hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They have released four studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats take a wide variety of influences from heavy metal subgenres and fuse them into hardcore punk and punk rock, and include elements of sludge metal, and southern rock. Career Suicide is a Canadian hardcore punk band formed in 2001 in Toronto. The band's first live performance took place in January 2002.", "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton, a former member of Toronto heavy metal band At the Mercy of Inspiration. The two wanted to form a project that combined their favorite parts of bands like Entombed, Refused, Black Flag, Led Zeppelin and Down, among others. The lineup was completed with the addition of Andrew McCracken on bass and Joel Bath on drums, with Cormier moving to vocals. The four-piece wrote and recorded songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005, and led to Canadian independent record label Distort Entertainment signing the band. The story is that the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name. Soon after, Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent, Every Time I Die, Nora, Alexisonfire, Haste the Day, It Dies Today, Bane, Comeback Kid, Buried Inside, Attack in Black, Misery Signals, This Is Hell, Rise Against, The Bronx and Gallows. On June 2, 2006, the band took part in a short interview and then played a free CD release show at The Edge 102.1 (CFNY-FM) and then on June 6 Birthing the Giant was released into major record stores. The album includes guest vocals by George Pettit of Alexisonfire. On June 7, 2006 they hosted All Things Rock, a show on MTV Canada, and had their own video played at the end of the show."], "answer": {"text": "Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent,", "answer_start": 804}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they call it Cancer Bats?", "answer": {"text": "the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#3", "question": "what kind of music did they play?", "rewrite": "What kind of music did Cancer Bats play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["super psyched on a lot of that, like the new \"Helplessness Blues\" by Fleet Foxes\". The album was initially promoted by an album teaser made by the band in December 2011, revealing that it was planned for an April 2012 release. The first single planning to support its release \"Old Blood\" being released. A music video was released for \"Old Blood\" and was played on Scuzz weeks before release online. On 24 January, Distort Entertainment released the video for the single online. On March 7, 2012 Cancer Bats released a second music video in promotion of the album for the song \"Road Sick\". On April 10, 2012 Cancer Bats uploaded the second track \"Bricks and Mortar\" onto YouTube to stream. Cancer Bats will start the touring cycle for \"Dead Set on Living\" with six performances in one day in London, England on April 21, 2012. The venue locations for the mini-tour, dubbed the Pentagram Tour, form a pentagram shape when seen on a map. About the unique structure of the tour, Cormier said, \"We've already done three shows in 24 hours\u2014that's now old hat,\" and that \"it's funny that no-one has done this before. \" All six shows sold out within a week of going on sale. Hassle Records used social media outlets like Twitter to consolidate band and fan interviews and bootleg footage from the tour. Dead Set on Living received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 9 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\"", "Limited edition versions of the album was released, with USB flash drives that contained bonus material. The bonus material included: live performances of \"Accidents\" and \"Mailbox Arson\" at the SCENE Music Festival in St. Catharines, Ontario, the making of the videos \"Passing Out in America\" and \"This Could Be Anywhere in the World\", and a slide show to the audio of \"Thrones\". There is also an extra song called \"My God is a Reasonable Man\". The Vagrant version has an insert between the jewel case and original album cover, the insert changed the cover art for the US release, this was not done in any other market. In September and October 2006, the band went on a tour of Canada with Every Time I Die, Cancer Bats and Attack in Black. In October and November, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with Moneen. They were supported by Cancer Bats. In March and April 2007, the band supported Anti-Flag on their War Sucks... tour of the US. In June, the band went on a US tour alongside Funeral for a Friend, Emanuel and Fightstar. In September and October, the group supported Saosin on their headlining tour of the US. In December, the group went on a Canadian tour alongside Anti-Flag, Saosin and the Bled. The album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week. \"Crisis\" was certified platinum in Canada in May 2007. Crisis was voted 50th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century in Kerrang! The album was a big influence on Silverstein's \"Arrivals & Departures\" (2007), Cancer Bats' \"Hail Destroyer\" (2008), We Are the Ocean's \"Cutting Our Teeth\" (2010),", "Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "Cancer Bats (EP) Cancer Bats was the first EP by the band Cancer Bats. It was produced and engineered by Cancer Bats' guitarist Scott Middleton. This EP was sold at all the live shows leading up until the release of Cancer Bats' first album \"Birthing the Giant\" and later repressed as a 7\" record by Tragicomedy Records.", "Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash."], "answer": {"text": "The two wanted to form a project that combined their favorite parts of bands like Entombed, Refused, Black Flag, Led Zeppelin and Down, among others.", "answer_start": 163}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they call it Cancer Bats?", "answer": {"text": "the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did they add to their band?", "answer": {"text": "Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent,", "answer_start": 804, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#4", "question": "did they record any albums in their early years?", "rewrite": "Did Cancer Bats record any albums in their early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Liam Cormier Liam Cormier (born February 9, 1980) is a Canadian musician from Toronto, Ontario. He is the lead singer for Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. He is also the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. He is a vegetarian and lives a straight edge lifestyle. He also runs his own clothing brand called Treadwell Clothing. Liam Cormier is the lead singer for the Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. The band is composed of Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cormier has been in the band since 2004. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. Cormier is the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. The band started in 2012. The band consists of Cormier on lead vocals, Matthew Tuck of Bullet for My Valentine on guitar and backing vocals, Mike Kingswood of Glamour of the Kill on guitar, Joe Copcutt of Zoax playing bass and Jason Bowld of Pitchshifter on drums. Cancer Bats AxeWound Liam Cormier", "Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash.", "Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "Limited edition versions of the album was released, with USB flash drives that contained bonus material. The bonus material included: live performances of \"Accidents\" and \"Mailbox Arson\" at the SCENE Music Festival in St. Catharines, Ontario, the making of the videos \"Passing Out in America\" and \"This Could Be Anywhere in the World\", and a slide show to the audio of \"Thrones\". There is also an extra song called \"My God is a Reasonable Man\". The Vagrant version has an insert between the jewel case and original album cover, the insert changed the cover art for the US release, this was not done in any other market. In September and October 2006, the band went on a tour of Canada with Every Time I Die, Cancer Bats and Attack in Black. In October and November, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with Moneen. They were supported by Cancer Bats. In March and April 2007, the band supported Anti-Flag on their War Sucks... tour of the US. In June, the band went on a US tour alongside Funeral for a Friend, Emanuel and Fightstar. In September and October, the group supported Saosin on their headlining tour of the US. In December, the group went on a Canadian tour alongside Anti-Flag, Saosin and the Bled. The album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week. \"Crisis\" was certified platinum in Canada in May 2007. Crisis was voted 50th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century in Kerrang! The album was a big influence on Silverstein's \"Arrivals & Departures\" (2007), Cancer Bats' \"Hail Destroyer\" (2008), We Are the Ocean's \"Cutting Our Teeth\" (2010),", "Cancer Bats (EP) Cancer Bats was the first EP by the band Cancer Bats. It was produced and engineered by Cancer Bats' guitarist Scott Middleton. This EP was sold at all the live shows leading up until the release of Cancer Bats' first album \"Birthing the Giant\" and later repressed as a 7\" record by Tragicomedy Records."], "answer": {"text": "The four-piece wrote and recorded songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005,", "answer_start": 439}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they call it Cancer Bats?", "answer": {"text": "the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did they add to their band?", "answer": {"text": "Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent,", "answer_start": 804, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "The two wanted to form a project that combined their favorite parts of bands like Entombed, Refused, Black Flag, Led Zeppelin and Down, among others.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#5", "question": "which label company were they using in the early years?", "rewrite": "Which label company was Cancer Bats using in the early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Limited edition versions of the album was released, with USB flash drives that contained bonus material. The bonus material included: live performances of \"Accidents\" and \"Mailbox Arson\" at the SCENE Music Festival in St. Catharines, Ontario, the making of the videos \"Passing Out in America\" and \"This Could Be Anywhere in the World\", and a slide show to the audio of \"Thrones\". There is also an extra song called \"My God is a Reasonable Man\". The Vagrant version has an insert between the jewel case and original album cover, the insert changed the cover art for the US release, this was not done in any other market. In September and October 2006, the band went on a tour of Canada with Every Time I Die, Cancer Bats and Attack in Black. In October and November, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with Moneen. They were supported by Cancer Bats. In March and April 2007, the band supported Anti-Flag on their War Sucks... tour of the US. In June, the band went on a US tour alongside Funeral for a Friend, Emanuel and Fightstar. In September and October, the group supported Saosin on their headlining tour of the US. In December, the group went on a Canadian tour alongside Anti-Flag, Saosin and the Bled. The album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week. \"Crisis\" was certified platinum in Canada in May 2007. Crisis was voted 50th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century in Kerrang! The album was a big influence on Silverstein's \"Arrivals & Departures\" (2007), Cancer Bats' \"Hail Destroyer\" (2008), We Are the Ocean's \"Cutting Our Teeth\" (2010),", "Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "super psyched on a lot of that, like the new \"Helplessness Blues\" by Fleet Foxes\". The album was initially promoted by an album teaser made by the band in December 2011, revealing that it was planned for an April 2012 release. The first single planning to support its release \"Old Blood\" being released. A music video was released for \"Old Blood\" and was played on Scuzz weeks before release online. On 24 January, Distort Entertainment released the video for the single online. On March 7, 2012 Cancer Bats released a second music video in promotion of the album for the song \"Road Sick\". On April 10, 2012 Cancer Bats uploaded the second track \"Bricks and Mortar\" onto YouTube to stream. Cancer Bats will start the touring cycle for \"Dead Set on Living\" with six performances in one day in London, England on April 21, 2012. The venue locations for the mini-tour, dubbed the Pentagram Tour, form a pentagram shape when seen on a map. About the unique structure of the tour, Cormier said, \"We've already done three shows in 24 hours\u2014that's now old hat,\" and that \"it's funny that no-one has done this before. \" All six shows sold out within a week of going on sale. Hassle Records used social media outlets like Twitter to consolidate band and fan interviews and bootleg footage from the tour. Dead Set on Living received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 9 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\"", "Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash.", "Cancer Bats (EP) Cancer Bats was the first EP by the band Cancer Bats. It was produced and engineered by Cancer Bats' guitarist Scott Middleton. This EP was sold at all the live shows leading up until the release of Cancer Bats' first album \"Birthing the Giant\" and later repressed as a 7\" record by Tragicomedy Records."], "answer": {"text": "songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005, and led to Canadian independent record label Distort Entertainment signing the band.", "answer_start": 473}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they call it Cancer Bats?", "answer": {"text": "the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did they add to their band?", "answer": {"text": "Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent,", "answer_start": 804, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "The two wanted to form a project that combined their favorite parts of bands like Entombed, Refused, Black Flag, Led Zeppelin and Down, among others.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they record any albums in their early years?", "answer": {"text": "The four-piece wrote and recorded songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005,", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#6", "question": "did they work with other bands?", "rewrite": "Did Cancer Bats work with other bands?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash.", "Liam Cormier Liam Cormier (born February 9, 1980) is a Canadian musician from Toronto, Ontario. He is the lead singer for Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. He is also the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. He is a vegetarian and lives a straight edge lifestyle. He also runs his own clothing brand called Treadwell Clothing. Liam Cormier is the lead singer for the Canadian hardcore punk band Cancer Bats. The band is composed of Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cormier has been in the band since 2004. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. Cormier is the lead singer for the supergroup AxeWound. The band started in 2012. The band consists of Cormier on lead vocals, Matthew Tuck of Bullet for My Valentine on guitar and backing vocals, Mike Kingswood of Glamour of the Kill on guitar, Joe Copcutt of Zoax playing bass and Jason Bowld of Pitchshifter on drums. Cancer Bats AxeWound Liam Cormier", "Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "Limited edition versions of the album was released, with USB flash drives that contained bonus material. The bonus material included: live performances of \"Accidents\" and \"Mailbox Arson\" at the SCENE Music Festival in St. Catharines, Ontario, the making of the videos \"Passing Out in America\" and \"This Could Be Anywhere in the World\", and a slide show to the audio of \"Thrones\". There is also an extra song called \"My God is a Reasonable Man\". The Vagrant version has an insert between the jewel case and original album cover, the insert changed the cover art for the US release, this was not done in any other market. In September and October 2006, the band went on a tour of Canada with Every Time I Die, Cancer Bats and Attack in Black. In October and November, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with Moneen. They were supported by Cancer Bats. In March and April 2007, the band supported Anti-Flag on their War Sucks... tour of the US. In June, the band went on a US tour alongside Funeral for a Friend, Emanuel and Fightstar. In September and October, the group supported Saosin on their headlining tour of the US. In December, the group went on a Canadian tour alongside Anti-Flag, Saosin and the Bled. The album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week. \"Crisis\" was certified platinum in Canada in May 2007. Crisis was voted 50th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century in Kerrang! The album was a big influence on Silverstein's \"Arrivals & Departures\" (2007), Cancer Bats' \"Hail Destroyer\" (2008), We Are the Ocean's \"Cutting Our Teeth\" (2010),", "Cancer Bats (EP) Cancer Bats was the first EP by the band Cancer Bats. It was produced and engineered by Cancer Bats' guitarist Scott Middleton. This EP was sold at all the live shows leading up until the release of Cancer Bats' first album \"Birthing the Giant\" and later repressed as a 7\" record by Tragicomedy Records."], "answer": {"text": "The album includes guest vocals by George Pettit of Alexisonfire.", "answer_start": 1336}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they call it Cancer Bats?", "answer": {"text": "the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did they add to their band?", "answer": {"text": "Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent,", "answer_start": 804, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "The two wanted to form a project that combined their favorite parts of bands like Entombed, Refused, Black Flag, Led Zeppelin and Down, among others.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they record any albums in their early years?", "answer": {"text": "The four-piece wrote and recorded songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005,", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which label company were they using in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005, and led to Canadian independent record label Distort Entertainment signing the band.", "answer_start": 473, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_36683c0d0511421f90908acd71048c34_1_q#7", "question": "did they go on tour?", "rewrite": "Did Cancer Bats go on tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["super psyched on a lot of that, like the new \"Helplessness Blues\" by Fleet Foxes\". The album was initially promoted by an album teaser made by the band in December 2011, revealing that it was planned for an April 2012 release. The first single planning to support its release \"Old Blood\" being released. A music video was released for \"Old Blood\" and was played on Scuzz weeks before release online. On 24 January, Distort Entertainment released the video for the single online. On March 7, 2012 Cancer Bats released a second music video in promotion of the album for the song \"Road Sick\". On April 10, 2012 Cancer Bats uploaded the second track \"Bricks and Mortar\" onto YouTube to stream. Cancer Bats will start the touring cycle for \"Dead Set on Living\" with six performances in one day in London, England on April 21, 2012. The venue locations for the mini-tour, dubbed the Pentagram Tour, form a pentagram shape when seen on a map. About the unique structure of the tour, Cormier said, \"We've already done three shows in 24 hours\u2014that's now old hat,\" and that \"it's funny that no-one has done this before. \" All six shows sold out within a week of going on sale. Hassle Records used social media outlets like Twitter to consolidate band and fan interviews and bootleg footage from the tour. Dead Set on Living received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on 9 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\"", "Bass player Andrew McCracken left to concentrate on his design company Doublenaut. His spot was filled in by Jason Bailey (former member of Figure Four and Shattered Realm) for most of 2007. However, Bailey was then replaced by Jaye R. Schwarzer (formerly of Left Behind, Hope to Die, Minesweeper, and Kover) as he wanted to focus on being a graphic designer; he still designs artworks for Cancer Bats and remains friends with Liam Cormier. The band released their second studio album called Hail Destroyer on April 22, 2008. The album features guest vocals by Wade MacNeil of Alexisonfire and Black Lungs, Tim McIlrath of Rise Against and Ben Kowalewicz of Billy Talent. The release was held at the Mod Club in downtown Toronto with Liam Cormier not only singing for Cancer Bats, but also performing drums for Black Lungs. On May 17, 2008, Cancer Bats were put on the cover of Kerrang!, a publication which gave their album Hail Destroyer a KKKKK review (highest possible) as well as a 5k Live review on their headlining UK tour. Cancer Bats were also nominated for 2008 Album of the Year for the 2008 Kerrang! awards. Cancer Bats have performed at the Download Festival in 2007, Groezrock 2007 and at both Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2007 and 2008. In the summer of 2008, the band did an extensive summer and autumn tour with Bullet for My Valentine, Black Tide and Bleeding Through, as part of the No Fear music tour across North America. Also in 2008, they were a support act for Welsh band Funeral for a Friend during their tour of Britain and northern Europe.", "Cancer Bats discography Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released six studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats often incorporate their friends such as Alexisonfire in their music videos. In the French Immersion and Pneumonia Hawk videos the band parodied some of Dallas Green's City and Colour songs. Fellow Alexisonfire members George Pettit and Wade MacNeil performed guest vocals on the tracks \"Pneumonia Hawk\" and \"Deathsmarch\" respectively, and also appeared in the videos for the songs that included their respective contributions. All of their music videos have been directed by Marc Ricciardelli except Old Blood and Road Sick which were directed by Vulture Culture Films. Members of Cancer Bats have also appeared in music videos by other bands, including '\" Hey, It's Your Funeral Mama\"' and \"Waterwings\" by Alexisonfire, \"Vices\" by Silverstein, \"Chelsea Smile\" by Bring Me the Horizon and \"St. Andrew's\" by Bedouin Soundclash.", "Cancer Bats (EP) Cancer Bats was the first EP by the band Cancer Bats. It was produced and engineered by Cancer Bats' guitarist Scott Middleton. This EP was sold at all the live shows leading up until the release of Cancer Bats' first album \"Birthing the Giant\" and later repressed as a 7\" record by Tragicomedy Records.", "Limited edition versions of the album was released, with USB flash drives that contained bonus material. The bonus material included: live performances of \"Accidents\" and \"Mailbox Arson\" at the SCENE Music Festival in St. Catharines, Ontario, the making of the videos \"Passing Out in America\" and \"This Could Be Anywhere in the World\", and a slide show to the audio of \"Thrones\". There is also an extra song called \"My God is a Reasonable Man\". The Vagrant version has an insert between the jewel case and original album cover, the insert changed the cover art for the US release, this was not done in any other market. In September and October 2006, the band went on a tour of Canada with Every Time I Die, Cancer Bats and Attack in Black. In October and November, the band went on a co-headlining tour of the US with Moneen. They were supported by Cancer Bats. In March and April 2007, the band supported Anti-Flag on their War Sucks... tour of the US. In June, the band went on a US tour alongside Funeral for a Friend, Emanuel and Fightstar. In September and October, the group supported Saosin on their headlining tour of the US. In December, the group went on a Canadian tour alongside Anti-Flag, Saosin and the Bled. The album debuted at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, selling over 20,000 copies in its first week. \"Crisis\" was certified platinum in Canada in May 2007. Crisis was voted 50th in the 50 Greatest Albums of the 21st Century in Kerrang! The album was a big influence on Silverstein's \"Arrivals & Departures\" (2007), Cancer Bats' \"Hail Destroyer\" (2008), We Are the Ocean's \"Cutting Our Teeth\" (2010),"], "answer": {"text": "Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands", "answer_start": 804}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the band Cancer Bats formed?", "answer": {"text": "Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did they call it Cancer Bats?", "answer": {"text": "the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else did they add to their band?", "answer": {"text": "Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent,", "answer_start": 804, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "The two wanted to form a project that combined their favorite parts of bands like Entombed, Refused, Black Flag, Led Zeppelin and Down, among others.", "answer_start": 163, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they record any albums in their early years?", "answer": {"text": "The four-piece wrote and recorded songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005,", "answer_start": 439, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "which label company were they using in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005, and led to Canadian independent record label Distort Entertainment signing the band.", "answer_start": 473, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they work with other bands?", "answer": {"text": "The album includes guest vocals by George Pettit of Alexisonfire.", "answer_start": 1336, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#0", "question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "rewrite": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Robert Dale Owen Memorial Robert Dale Owen Memorial is a public artwork located at the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse along Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. The memorial was donated to the state of Indiana and dedicated in 1911 in honor of the Indiana politician, Robert Dale Owen (1807\u20131877). The bronze portrait bust by Indiana sculptor, Frances Goodwin, has been missing from this memorial since 1970. The memorial's remaining pedestal is made from three stone blocks and includes a commemorative plaque. The 200-pound bronze bust of a bearded Robert Dale Owen was once centered on the top of a stone pedestal; however, the bust is missing from the memorial. The remaining pedestal faces the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse. It is composed of three stone blocks and stands 70 inches high. The lowest block is 45.5 inches wide, 42.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; the middle block measures 32 inches wide, 28.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; and the top block is 24 inches wide, 21.5 inches deep, and 50 tall. A memorial plaque, which is centered on the face in the middle of the top block and measures 20 inches by 24 inches, reads: In 1905, the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association was granted permission from the Indiana state government to place a memorial to Owen in the rotunda of the Indiana Statehouse. The present-day memorial, which includes only the remaining pedestal, is installed on the Statehouse grounds, facing the southern entrance to the building. The memorial was dedicated in 1911. In 1905, during the women's movement of the early twentieth century, fundraising efforts began to erect a memorial to Robert Dale Owen, who was known for his early legislative efforts in Indiana in the mid-1800s to protect women's property rights and provide women with greater freedom in divorce, as well as his support of women\u2019s suffrage.", "The memorial was also intended to draw attention to the ongoing struggle for women's suffrage. The Memorial Association hoped to raise $2,000 to $2,500 for the commission of a bust and memorial. Artist Frances Goodwin was chosen to create the bust. After Goodwin's clay model was approved by the Memorial Association and by Owen's son, Ernest Dale Owen, the final bronze bust was cast in Paris. Although the state government granted the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association permission to place a memorial in the rotunda of the Statehouse in 1905, the completed work was not formally dedicated until 1911. The memorial was presented to the State of Indiana on March 8, 1911, \"as a lasting memorial to a man who for many years persistently labored to secure just laws concerning the educational and property rights of women. \" The governor of Indiana, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Owen's great-grandniece, Martha Fitton, attended the dedication. The original memorial included Goowin's bronze portrait bust of Owen on a stone pedestal that included a commemorative plaque. On September 19, 1970, the portrait bust was stolen, and the present-day memorial is installed outside on the Statehouse grounds. It faces the southern entrance to the building where it was dedicated in 1911. The Federated Women's Club of Indiana formed the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association on June 30, 1905, to urge the women of Indiana to help raise funds for a memorial to Robert Dale Owen. The Association consisted of ten women from Indiana, led by Julia Conklin. The group published at least two pamphlets that were distributed around the state to inform others about their efforts. \" Robert Dale Owen and What He Did for Women of Indiana\" offered a brief biography of the politician.", "He continued teaching at IU until his retirement in 1879. Robert Dale Owen, eldest son of Robert Owen, was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. At New Harmony, he taught school and co-edited and published the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Frances Wright. Owen later moved to New York. In 1830 he published \"Moral Philosophy,\" the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother, David Dale Owen, to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853\u20131858) in Naples, where he began studying spiritualism. Owen's book, \"Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World\" (1860), aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his critics in the \"Boston Investigator\" and at home in the \"New Harmony Advertiser\" were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer. Robert Dales Owen died at Lake George, New York, in 1877. Frances Wright (1795\u20131852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co-edited and wrote for the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Robert Dale Owen.", "David Dale Owen David Dale Owen (24 June 1807 \u2013 13 November 1860) was a prominent American geologist who conducted the first geological surveys of Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen served as the first state geologist for three states: Kentucky (1854\u201357), Arkansas (1857\u201359), and Indiana (1837\u201339 and 1859\u201360). His first geological work was as an assistant mapping the geology of Tennessee in 1836. In addition, Owen was appointed as a U.S. geologist in 1839 and led federal surveys of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois (1839\u201340) and in the Upper Midwest (1847-1851). Owen's greatest legacy lies in the eleven volumes of published reports from his state and federal geological surveys, which increased the general knowledge and understanding of American geology, the structural geology and paleontology of the United States, and the mineral wealth of the Midwestern states. Owen's most significant contribution to the field of geology was identifying and naming major geological formations of the Mississippi River Valley and placing them in relative position on a geological timeline. He also helped to standardize the nomenclature of geological structures in the Midwest. David Dale was the third surviving son of Robert Owen, a Welsh-born socialist reformer who established a social experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856.", "Richard Dale Owen, the youngest son of Ann (or Anne) Caroline Dale and Robert Owen, was born on January 6, 1810, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Owen's Welsh-born father was a philanthropist and successful textile manufacturer in New Lanark, Scotland, who became a noted social reformer. Owen's Scottish mother was the daughter of David Dale, a wealthy textile manufacturer. Richard was one of eight children; one of whom died in infancy. His surviving siblings (three brothers and three sisters) were Robert Dale, William, David Dale, Anne (or Anne) Caroline, Jane Dale, and Mary. Owen grew up at Braxfield House, the Owen family's estate in Scotland, and received his early education from private tutors and at New Lanark grammar schools. He attended Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg's school in Hofwyl, Switzerland, where he studied chemistry, physics, and natural sciences, among other subjects. Owen's three years as the Swiss school exposed him to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's method of education. After returning to Scotland, Owen continued his education, specializing in chemistry, under Andrew Ure at Andersonian Institute (the present-day University of Strathclyde) at Glasgow. Owen arrived in the United States in 1828 and joined his brothers (Robert Dale, William, and David Dale Owen) in Indiana, where their father had established a utopian experimental community at New Harmony in 1825. During the Mexican\u2013American War, Owen was stationed in Monterrey overseeing provision trains as a captain from April 1847 until August 1848. Although the socialistic experiment was dissolved in 1827, many of the town's inhabitants, including Owen and his siblings, continued to reside at New Harmony. Owen periodically left the area to travel and for his professional work, but New Harmony remained his permanent home."], "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#1", "question": "What did they supply the union with?", "rewrite": "What did Ordnance Commission supply the union army with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army; on March 16, 1863, he was appointed to the Freedman's Inquiry Commission. The commission was a predecessor to the Freedmen's Bureau. In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, to encourage them to support general emancipation. Owen's letter of July 23, 1862, was published in the New York Evening Post on August 8, 1862, and his letter of September 12, 1862, was published in the same newspaper on September 22, 1862. In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds. Owen also believed that emancipation would weaken the Confederate forces and help the Union army win the war. On September 23, 1862, Lincoln issued a preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation (as he had first resolved to do in mid-July). In Emancipation is Peace, a pamphlet that Owen wrote in 1863, he confirmed his view that general emancipation was a means to end the war. In The Wrong of Slavery, the Right of Emancipation, and the Future of the African Race, a report that Owen wrote in 1864, he also suggested that the Union should provide assistance to freedmen. Toward the end of his political career, Owen continued his effort to obtain federal voting rights for women. In 1865 he submitted an initial draft for a proposed Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would not restrict voting rights to males. However, Article XIV, Section 2, in the final version of the Amendment, which became part of the U.S. Constitution in 1868, was modified to limit suffrage to males who were U.S. citizens over the age of twenty-one.", "During the war, the Ordnance Department furnished 90 million pounds of lead, 13 million pounds of artillery projectiles, and 26 million pounds of powder for a Union Army of over 1 million soldiers. However, despite the growth of the Army, the Ordnance Department did not grow in a corresponding manner. By the end of the war, it numbered only 64 Officers and approximately 600 Soldiers, officially. Yet, to support the Ordnance needs of the Army, Officers and Soldiers who had civilian experience in Ordnance responsibilities (i.e. blacksmiths, etc ...) were assigned additional duty in their units, so that every unit, company-echelon and above, had someone assigned in Ordnance responsibilities. For those few Ordnance officers who had been part of the pre-war Army, several of them accepted line positions, such as Major Generals Oliver O. Howard and Jesse Reno. Most, however, remained in the Ordnance Department and rose in rank to serve as Ordnance officers at one of the various arsenals or senior ordnance command for the Union Army, i.e. in the Army of the Potomac. About half of the Ordnance officers left to join the Confederacy, including its sole Chief of Ordnance during the war, Josiah Gorgas. By 1872, the Ordnance Department reflected the Army's return to a small peacetime status with 50 officers, 475 enlisted soldiers, and 1,738 civilian workers. Despite this constriction, the Ordnance Department continued its tradition of technological innovation and increased professionalism. Ordnance officers, including the Chiefs of Ordnance \u2013 Stephen Vincent Benet, Daniel Flagler, Adelbert Rinaldo Buffington \u2013 refined, improved, and even invented new Ordnance materiel. Steel breech-loading artillery, machine gun development, smokeless powder, improved gun carriages, officer promotion via examination, and training through apprenticeship at government arsenals and shops characterized the Ordnance Department during the latter 19th Century.", "Army Ordnance Corps (India) The Army Ordnance Corps (abbreviated as AOC) is an active corps of the Indian Army and a major formation responsible for providing material and logistical support to the Indian Army during war and peace. The history of the Ordnance Corps dates back to the 18th century, which makes it one of the oldest formations of the Indian Army. The history of ordnance in India dates back to the 15th century. The early ordnance stores in the Indian sub-continent were established by the British East India Company for their logistical requirements. Following the military expansion of the company, the needs of military troops increased which in turn required the support of an ordnance department. By accepting the report of then Commander-in-Chief of the Bengal Army, Lieutenant General Sir John Clavering, the Board of Ordnance was established on April 8, 1775. This is considered to be the first step towards the recognition of the Army Ordnance Corps (AOC). Initially the board was put under the control of the Bengal Presidency. With the increasing influence of the British crown over the sub-continent, the number of British troops increased significantly. In 1874, a \"Special Ordnance Commission\" was appointed by the government to prepare a report on the establishment of a new ordnance system at the national level. The report which was submitted on 7 April 1875 recommended a centralized system and the establishment of ordnance factories in the country. A report by the Army in India Commission, which was constituted in May 1879 by Lord Lytton, recommended the establishment of a centralized all-India organisation, headed by a Director General of Ordnance. On 1 April 1884, the Ordnance Department of India came into existence. The Ordnance's three Presidencies of the British Raj were integrated into one. An Inspector General of Ordnance was appointed to each Presidency and was responsible to the Director General at the national level.", "Lowesby Hall Lowesby Hall is a large Grade II * Georgian mansion in the parish and former manor of Lowesby, eight miles east of Leicester in Leicestershire. It is a famous fox-hunting seat in the heart of the Quorn country. The poem \"Lowesby Hall\" by the Victorian English foxhunting MP William Bromley Davenport (1821\u20131884) was a parody on Alfred Tennyson's 1835 poem Locksley Hall. In the mid-17th.century the manor of Lowesby was acquired by Richard Wollaston (1635\u20131691), son of Henry Wollaston, a citizen of London in 1669, himself the younger brother of Sir John Wollaston (died 1658), Lord Mayor of London in 1643, and second son of Edward Wollaston of Perton in Staffordshire by his wife and cousin Elizabeth Wollaston of Trescot Grange, Staffordshire. He was thus descended from a junior branch of the Wollaston family anciently from Staffordshire and later settled at Shenton Hall, Leicestershire and Finborough Hall in Suffolk. He appears to have been a gun-founder. A Richard Wollaston served in a man-of-war and in 1650 received a gunner's certificate. He was described in 1650 as a \"Master Gunner\" on drawing from stores five barrels of gunpowder for a display on the launch of two frigates at Deptford. He has been described as \"Cromwell's gun founder\", and certainly held a high position in the Ordnance Department and was responsible to the Ordnance Commission. He had two sons Josiah and John (died 1692), who in 1669 purchased from Thomas Johnson a house at Wormley in Hertfordshire then occupied by their father Richard. Also in 1669 John purchased the Manor of Ponsbourne, formerly possessed by Sir Thomas Seymour, Lord Admiral of England.", "It continued its tradition of echeloned-based maintenance and increased the rapidity of maintenance and ammunition supply and repair. Explosive Ordnance Disposal, formerly Bomb Disposal Squads, improved their procedures with a focus on Russian and Chinese ordnance. In Vietnam, the capabilities of Explosive Ordnance Disposal became increasingly important due to the nature of a war with no front lines. EOD and other ordnance units work under the auspices of the 1st Logistical Command, which divided the country into four support zones. Despite the difficult circumstances, the operational readiness rates increased and by 1969 exceeded those of previous wars. In 1962 the Ordnance Corps and the office of the Chief of Ordnance were disestablished. The Ordnance Branch (along with the Transportation and Quartermaster Branches) was placed under the supervision of the Army's Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics. Army Materiel Command assumed responsibility for Ordnance's historical tasks of research and development; procurement, production, and storage; and technical intelligence. Combat Development Command assumed responsibility for developing the Army's organization and doctrine. The Ordnance Center and School trained personnel in ammunition handling, maintenance, and Explosive Ordnance Disposal and was under the direction of Continental Army Command (CONARC). The Ordnance Corps was reestablished on 28 October 1985. In 2008, the Ordnance Corps consolidated the Ordnance Mechanical Maintenance School from Aberdeen Proving Ground and the United States Army Ordnance Munitions and Electronic Maintenance School from Redstone Arsenal into a single training facility based at Fort Lee, Virginia as a part of the 2005 Base Closure and Realignment Commission (BRAC) decision. With an entirely new campus dedicated to the training of all ranks of Ordnance soldiers and civilians, the Ordnance Corps maintains its commitment to the life-cycle sustainment of the Army's materiel from cradle to grave, providing ammunition, and protecting the Army's forces through EOD operations. The Ordnance Corps branch insignia is represented by the \"Shell and Flame\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#2", "question": "What were these letter include?", "rewrite": "What were the open letters to U.S. government officials letter include?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Open letter An open letter is a letter that is intended to be read by a wide audience, or a letter intended for an individual, but that is nonetheless widely distributed intentionally. Open letters usually take the form of a letter addressed to an individual but provided to the public through newspapers and other media, such as a letter to the editor or blog. Especially common are critical open letters addressed to political leaders. Currently there are very few sites solely specialising in publishing open letters. However, there are community sites where visitors can publish their own letters and promote them to a wider audience. Sociological or historical research on open letters are also not found, although sociologists, anthropologists and historians have written open letters. Letters patent are another form of open letter in which a legal document is both mailed to a person by the government and publicized so that all are made aware of it. Open letters can also be addressed directly to a group rather than any individual. There are a number of reasons why an individual would choose the form of an open letter, including the following reasons:", "In June, protesters launched an online crowdfunding campaign to place open letters as full-page ads in major international newspapers before the 28\u201329 June G20 Summit in Osaka, Japan to raise global awareness and appeal for world leaders' intervention on the bill, urging everyone to \"ally with [them]\" and to \"[demand] the preservation of Hong Kong's freedom and autonomy under the Chinese government.\" The goal to raise HK$3 million was accomplished in less than four hours, and successfully raised HK$5.45 million in less than six hours. The open letter was published by popular international newspapers including \"The New York Times\", \"The Guardian\", \"Japan Times\", \"The Globe and Mail\", \"S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung\", \"The Chosun Ilbo\", \"Le Monde\" and the online version of \"Politico Europe\". The advertisements were printed in the local languages of the readership for each periodical, and while graphic design and layout varies, most included the slogan and appeal to \"Stand with Hong Kong at G20\" along with the open letter. A GoFundMe campaign was started on 11 August 2019 to raise funds for a second advertising campaign. It raised US$1.97 million in two hours with contributions from over 22,500 people. The proceeds were used to again place open letters as full-page ads in 13 major international newspapers including the \"Globe and Mail\", \"New York Times\", \"Le Monde\", \"El Mundo\", and \"Kyunghyang Shinmun. \" The ads appeared in the newspapers on 17 August 2019. A group of protesters held a citizens' press conference, hoping to \"broadcast under-represented voices\" and their own perspectives to the public.", "Previous recipients of this prize include Vytautas Landsbergis (1991), Alva Myrdal (1982), Mairead Maguire and Betty Williams. On 24 February 2010, Nobel Institute Director, Geir Lundestad, announced that for the second year in a row, Mordechai Vanunu had declined the honour of being nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. On 21 September 2010, the Teach Peace Foundation recognized Mordechai Vanunu for his courageous actions to halt the development and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by the Israeli government. On 4 October 2010, the International League for Human Rights announced that Vanunu was awarded the Carl von Ossietzky Medal for 2010 and, on 16 November, sent open letters to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Defence Minister Ehud Barak and Interior Minister Eli Yishai, seeking Vanunu's free departure out of Israel to allow him to receive the medal at the Award Ceremony in Berlin on 12 December 2010. Nobel laureates cited as co-signatories to the letter include Mairead Maguire, G\u00fcnter Grass, Harold W. Kroto and Jack Steinberger. The request was refused and the 12 December Berlin medal ceremony was restyled as a protest event in support of Vanunu and nuclear disarmament. On this occasion a musical composition, \"The Dove\", was dedicated to Vanunu and given its premier performance. On 19 May 2015, Vanunu wed Norwegian Professor Kristin Joachimsen at the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer in Jerusalem.", "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army; on March 16, 1863, he was appointed to the Freedman's Inquiry Commission. The commission was a predecessor to the Freedmen's Bureau. In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, to encourage them to support general emancipation. Owen's letter of July 23, 1862, was published in the New York Evening Post on August 8, 1862, and his letter of September 12, 1862, was published in the same newspaper on September 22, 1862. In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds. Owen also believed that emancipation would weaken the Confederate forces and help the Union army win the war. On September 23, 1862, Lincoln issued a preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation (as he had first resolved to do in mid-July). In Emancipation is Peace, a pamphlet that Owen wrote in 1863, he confirmed his view that general emancipation was a means to end the war. In The Wrong of Slavery, the Right of Emancipation, and the Future of the African Race, a report that Owen wrote in 1864, he also suggested that the Union should provide assistance to freedmen. Toward the end of his political career, Owen continued his effort to obtain federal voting rights for women. In 1865 he submitted an initial draft for a proposed Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would not restrict voting rights to males. However, Article XIV, Section 2, in the final version of the Amendment, which became part of the U.S. Constitution in 1868, was modified to limit suffrage to males who were U.S. citizens over the age of twenty-one.", "Open Letters Monthly Open Letters Monthly or Open Letters Monthly: an Arts and Literature Review, was an online arts and culture magazine. It was founded in 2007 by Sam Sacks, John Cotter, and Steve Donoghue, and published its last issue in 2017. It features long-form criticism of books, films, and art exhibits as well as original artwork and poetry. In 2007, M. A. Orthofer of the complete review called \"Open Letters Monthly\" \"the best new on-line literary periodical out there.\" In 2010, blogger, author, and critic Maud Newton noted that \"\"Open Letters\" has been doing really great stuff for a long time.\" Daniel E. Pritchard of \"The Critical Flame\" describes that the \"Open Letters Monthly\" \"presents a primer on some of the best internet reviews and criticism available.\""], "answer": {"text": "to encourage them to support general emancipation.", "answer_start": 391}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they supply the union with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#3", "question": "Was he successful?", "rewrite": "Was Robert Dale Owen successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The memorial was also intended to draw attention to the ongoing struggle for women's suffrage. The Memorial Association hoped to raise $2,000 to $2,500 for the commission of a bust and memorial. Artist Frances Goodwin was chosen to create the bust. After Goodwin's clay model was approved by the Memorial Association and by Owen's son, Ernest Dale Owen, the final bronze bust was cast in Paris. Although the state government granted the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association permission to place a memorial in the rotunda of the Statehouse in 1905, the completed work was not formally dedicated until 1911. The memorial was presented to the State of Indiana on March 8, 1911, \"as a lasting memorial to a man who for many years persistently labored to secure just laws concerning the educational and property rights of women. \" The governor of Indiana, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Owen's great-grandniece, Martha Fitton, attended the dedication. The original memorial included Goowin's bronze portrait bust of Owen on a stone pedestal that included a commemorative plaque. On September 19, 1970, the portrait bust was stolen, and the present-day memorial is installed outside on the Statehouse grounds. It faces the southern entrance to the building where it was dedicated in 1911. The Federated Women's Club of Indiana formed the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association on June 30, 1905, to urge the women of Indiana to help raise funds for a memorial to Robert Dale Owen. The Association consisted of ten women from Indiana, led by Julia Conklin. The group published at least two pamphlets that were distributed around the state to inform others about their efforts. \" Robert Dale Owen and What He Did for Women of Indiana\" offered a brief biography of the politician.", "He continued teaching at IU until his retirement in 1879. Robert Dale Owen, eldest son of Robert Owen, was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. At New Harmony, he taught school and co-edited and published the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Frances Wright. Owen later moved to New York. In 1830 he published \"Moral Philosophy,\" the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother, David Dale Owen, to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853\u20131858) in Naples, where he began studying spiritualism. Owen's book, \"Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World\" (1860), aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his critics in the \"Boston Investigator\" and at home in the \"New Harmony Advertiser\" were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer. Robert Dales Owen died at Lake George, New York, in 1877. Frances Wright (1795\u20131852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co-edited and wrote for the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Robert Dale Owen.", "Robert Dale Owen Memorial Robert Dale Owen Memorial is a public artwork located at the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse along Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. The memorial was donated to the state of Indiana and dedicated in 1911 in honor of the Indiana politician, Robert Dale Owen (1807\u20131877). The bronze portrait bust by Indiana sculptor, Frances Goodwin, has been missing from this memorial since 1970. The memorial's remaining pedestal is made from three stone blocks and includes a commemorative plaque. The 200-pound bronze bust of a bearded Robert Dale Owen was once centered on the top of a stone pedestal; however, the bust is missing from the memorial. The remaining pedestal faces the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse. It is composed of three stone blocks and stands 70 inches high. The lowest block is 45.5 inches wide, 42.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; the middle block measures 32 inches wide, 28.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; and the top block is 24 inches wide, 21.5 inches deep, and 50 tall. A memorial plaque, which is centered on the face in the middle of the top block and measures 20 inches by 24 inches, reads: In 1905, the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association was granted permission from the Indiana state government to place a memorial to Owen in the rotunda of the Indiana Statehouse. The present-day memorial, which includes only the remaining pedestal, is installed on the Statehouse grounds, facing the southern entrance to the building. The memorial was dedicated in 1911. In 1905, during the women's movement of the early twentieth century, fundraising efforts began to erect a memorial to Robert Dale Owen, who was known for his early legislative efforts in Indiana in the mid-1800s to protect women's property rights and provide women with greater freedom in divorce, as well as his support of women\u2019s suffrage.", "David Dale Owen David Dale Owen (24 June 1807 \u2013 13 November 1860) was a prominent American geologist who conducted the first geological surveys of Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen served as the first state geologist for three states: Kentucky (1854\u201357), Arkansas (1857\u201359), and Indiana (1837\u201339 and 1859\u201360). His first geological work was as an assistant mapping the geology of Tennessee in 1836. In addition, Owen was appointed as a U.S. geologist in 1839 and led federal surveys of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois (1839\u201340) and in the Upper Midwest (1847-1851). Owen's greatest legacy lies in the eleven volumes of published reports from his state and federal geological surveys, which increased the general knowledge and understanding of American geology, the structural geology and paleontology of the United States, and the mineral wealth of the Midwestern states. Owen's most significant contribution to the field of geology was identifying and naming major geological formations of the Mississippi River Valley and placing them in relative position on a geological timeline. He also helped to standardize the nomenclature of geological structures in the Midwest. David Dale was the third surviving son of Robert Owen, a Welsh-born socialist reformer who established a social experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856.", "Richard Dale Owen, the youngest son of Ann (or Anne) Caroline Dale and Robert Owen, was born on January 6, 1810, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Owen's Welsh-born father was a philanthropist and successful textile manufacturer in New Lanark, Scotland, who became a noted social reformer. Owen's Scottish mother was the daughter of David Dale, a wealthy textile manufacturer. Richard was one of eight children; one of whom died in infancy. His surviving siblings (three brothers and three sisters) were Robert Dale, William, David Dale, Anne (or Anne) Caroline, Jane Dale, and Mary. Owen grew up at Braxfield House, the Owen family's estate in Scotland, and received his early education from private tutors and at New Lanark grammar schools. He attended Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg's school in Hofwyl, Switzerland, where he studied chemistry, physics, and natural sciences, among other subjects. Owen's three years as the Swiss school exposed him to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's method of education. After returning to Scotland, Owen continued his education, specializing in chemistry, under Andrew Ure at Andersonian Institute (the present-day University of Strathclyde) at Glasgow. Owen arrived in the United States in 1828 and joined his brothers (Robert Dale, William, and David Dale Owen) in Indiana, where their father had established a utopian experimental community at New Harmony in 1825. During the Mexican\u2013American War, Owen was stationed in Monterrey overseeing provision trains as a captain from April 1847 until August 1848. Although the socialistic experiment was dissolved in 1827, many of the town's inhabitants, including Owen and his siblings, continued to reside at New Harmony. Owen periodically left the area to travel and for his professional work, but New Harmony remained his permanent home."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they supply the union with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were these letter include?", "answer": {"text": "to encourage them to support general emancipation.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#4", "question": "Did he have any take in any other political movements?", "rewrite": "Besides encouraging U.S. government officials to support general emancipation, did Robert Dale Owen have any take in any other political movements?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The memorial was also intended to draw attention to the ongoing struggle for women's suffrage. The Memorial Association hoped to raise $2,000 to $2,500 for the commission of a bust and memorial. Artist Frances Goodwin was chosen to create the bust. After Goodwin's clay model was approved by the Memorial Association and by Owen's son, Ernest Dale Owen, the final bronze bust was cast in Paris. Although the state government granted the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association permission to place a memorial in the rotunda of the Statehouse in 1905, the completed work was not formally dedicated until 1911. The memorial was presented to the State of Indiana on March 8, 1911, \"as a lasting memorial to a man who for many years persistently labored to secure just laws concerning the educational and property rights of women. \" The governor of Indiana, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Owen's great-grandniece, Martha Fitton, attended the dedication. The original memorial included Goowin's bronze portrait bust of Owen on a stone pedestal that included a commemorative plaque. On September 19, 1970, the portrait bust was stolen, and the present-day memorial is installed outside on the Statehouse grounds. It faces the southern entrance to the building where it was dedicated in 1911. The Federated Women's Club of Indiana formed the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association on June 30, 1905, to urge the women of Indiana to help raise funds for a memorial to Robert Dale Owen. The Association consisted of ten women from Indiana, led by Julia Conklin. The group published at least two pamphlets that were distributed around the state to inform others about their efforts. \" Robert Dale Owen and What He Did for Women of Indiana\" offered a brief biography of the politician.", "David Dale Owen David Dale Owen (24 June 1807 \u2013 13 November 1860) was a prominent American geologist who conducted the first geological surveys of Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen served as the first state geologist for three states: Kentucky (1854\u201357), Arkansas (1857\u201359), and Indiana (1837\u201339 and 1859\u201360). His first geological work was as an assistant mapping the geology of Tennessee in 1836. In addition, Owen was appointed as a U.S. geologist in 1839 and led federal surveys of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois (1839\u201340) and in the Upper Midwest (1847-1851). Owen's greatest legacy lies in the eleven volumes of published reports from his state and federal geological surveys, which increased the general knowledge and understanding of American geology, the structural geology and paleontology of the United States, and the mineral wealth of the Midwestern states. Owen's most significant contribution to the field of geology was identifying and naming major geological formations of the Mississippi River Valley and placing them in relative position on a geological timeline. He also helped to standardize the nomenclature of geological structures in the Midwest. David Dale was the third surviving son of Robert Owen, a Welsh-born socialist reformer who established a social experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856.", "Robert Dale Owen Memorial Robert Dale Owen Memorial is a public artwork located at the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse along Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. The memorial was donated to the state of Indiana and dedicated in 1911 in honor of the Indiana politician, Robert Dale Owen (1807\u20131877). The bronze portrait bust by Indiana sculptor, Frances Goodwin, has been missing from this memorial since 1970. The memorial's remaining pedestal is made from three stone blocks and includes a commemorative plaque. The 200-pound bronze bust of a bearded Robert Dale Owen was once centered on the top of a stone pedestal; however, the bust is missing from the memorial. The remaining pedestal faces the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse. It is composed of three stone blocks and stands 70 inches high. The lowest block is 45.5 inches wide, 42.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; the middle block measures 32 inches wide, 28.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; and the top block is 24 inches wide, 21.5 inches deep, and 50 tall. A memorial plaque, which is centered on the face in the middle of the top block and measures 20 inches by 24 inches, reads: In 1905, the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association was granted permission from the Indiana state government to place a memorial to Owen in the rotunda of the Indiana Statehouse. The present-day memorial, which includes only the remaining pedestal, is installed on the Statehouse grounds, facing the southern entrance to the building. The memorial was dedicated in 1911. In 1905, during the women's movement of the early twentieth century, fundraising efforts began to erect a memorial to Robert Dale Owen, who was known for his early legislative efforts in Indiana in the mid-1800s to protect women's property rights and provide women with greater freedom in divorce, as well as his support of women\u2019s suffrage.", "He continued teaching at IU until his retirement in 1879. Robert Dale Owen, eldest son of Robert Owen, was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. At New Harmony, he taught school and co-edited and published the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Frances Wright. Owen later moved to New York. In 1830 he published \"Moral Philosophy,\" the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother, David Dale Owen, to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853\u20131858) in Naples, where he began studying spiritualism. Owen's book, \"Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World\" (1860), aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his critics in the \"Boston Investigator\" and at home in the \"New Harmony Advertiser\" were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer. Robert Dales Owen died at Lake George, New York, in 1877. Frances Wright (1795\u20131852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co-edited and wrote for the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Robert Dale Owen.", "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army; on March 16, 1863, he was appointed to the Freedman's Inquiry Commission. The commission was a predecessor to the Freedmen's Bureau. In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, to encourage them to support general emancipation. Owen's letter of July 23, 1862, was published in the New York Evening Post on August 8, 1862, and his letter of September 12, 1862, was published in the same newspaper on September 22, 1862. In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds. Owen also believed that emancipation would weaken the Confederate forces and help the Union army win the war. On September 23, 1862, Lincoln issued a preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation (as he had first resolved to do in mid-July). In Emancipation is Peace, a pamphlet that Owen wrote in 1863, he confirmed his view that general emancipation was a means to end the war. In The Wrong of Slavery, the Right of Emancipation, and the Future of the African Race, a report that Owen wrote in 1864, he also suggested that the Union should provide assistance to freedmen. Toward the end of his political career, Owen continued his effort to obtain federal voting rights for women. In 1865 he submitted an initial draft for a proposed Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would not restrict voting rights to males. However, Article XIV, Section 2, in the final version of the Amendment, which became part of the U.S. Constitution in 1868, was modified to limit suffrage to males who were U.S. citizens over the age of twenty-one."], "answer": {"text": "In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 633}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they supply the union with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were these letter include?", "answer": {"text": "to encourage them to support general emancipation.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#5", "question": "What was his stance on slavery?", "rewrite": "What was Robert Dale Owen stance on slavery?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The memorial was also intended to draw attention to the ongoing struggle for women's suffrage. The Memorial Association hoped to raise $2,000 to $2,500 for the commission of a bust and memorial. Artist Frances Goodwin was chosen to create the bust. After Goodwin's clay model was approved by the Memorial Association and by Owen's son, Ernest Dale Owen, the final bronze bust was cast in Paris. Although the state government granted the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association permission to place a memorial in the rotunda of the Statehouse in 1905, the completed work was not formally dedicated until 1911. The memorial was presented to the State of Indiana on March 8, 1911, \"as a lasting memorial to a man who for many years persistently labored to secure just laws concerning the educational and property rights of women. \" The governor of Indiana, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Owen's great-grandniece, Martha Fitton, attended the dedication. The original memorial included Goowin's bronze portrait bust of Owen on a stone pedestal that included a commemorative plaque. On September 19, 1970, the portrait bust was stolen, and the present-day memorial is installed outside on the Statehouse grounds. It faces the southern entrance to the building where it was dedicated in 1911. The Federated Women's Club of Indiana formed the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association on June 30, 1905, to urge the women of Indiana to help raise funds for a memorial to Robert Dale Owen. The Association consisted of ten women from Indiana, led by Julia Conklin. The group published at least two pamphlets that were distributed around the state to inform others about their efforts. \" Robert Dale Owen and What He Did for Women of Indiana\" offered a brief biography of the politician.", "He continued teaching at IU until his retirement in 1879. Robert Dale Owen, eldest son of Robert Owen, was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. At New Harmony, he taught school and co-edited and published the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Frances Wright. Owen later moved to New York. In 1830 he published \"Moral Philosophy,\" the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother, David Dale Owen, to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853\u20131858) in Naples, where he began studying spiritualism. Owen's book, \"Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World\" (1860), aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his critics in the \"Boston Investigator\" and at home in the \"New Harmony Advertiser\" were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer. Robert Dales Owen died at Lake George, New York, in 1877. Frances Wright (1795\u20131852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co-edited and wrote for the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Robert Dale Owen.", "David Dale Owen David Dale Owen (24 June 1807 \u2013 13 November 1860) was a prominent American geologist who conducted the first geological surveys of Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen served as the first state geologist for three states: Kentucky (1854\u201357), Arkansas (1857\u201359), and Indiana (1837\u201339 and 1859\u201360). His first geological work was as an assistant mapping the geology of Tennessee in 1836. In addition, Owen was appointed as a U.S. geologist in 1839 and led federal surveys of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois (1839\u201340) and in the Upper Midwest (1847-1851). Owen's greatest legacy lies in the eleven volumes of published reports from his state and federal geological surveys, which increased the general knowledge and understanding of American geology, the structural geology and paleontology of the United States, and the mineral wealth of the Midwestern states. Owen's most significant contribution to the field of geology was identifying and naming major geological formations of the Mississippi River Valley and placing them in relative position on a geological timeline. He also helped to standardize the nomenclature of geological structures in the Midwest. David Dale was the third surviving son of Robert Owen, a Welsh-born socialist reformer who established a social experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856.", "Robert Dale Owen Memorial Robert Dale Owen Memorial is a public artwork located at the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse along Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. The memorial was donated to the state of Indiana and dedicated in 1911 in honor of the Indiana politician, Robert Dale Owen (1807\u20131877). The bronze portrait bust by Indiana sculptor, Frances Goodwin, has been missing from this memorial since 1970. The memorial's remaining pedestal is made from three stone blocks and includes a commemorative plaque. The 200-pound bronze bust of a bearded Robert Dale Owen was once centered on the top of a stone pedestal; however, the bust is missing from the memorial. The remaining pedestal faces the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse. It is composed of three stone blocks and stands 70 inches high. The lowest block is 45.5 inches wide, 42.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; the middle block measures 32 inches wide, 28.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; and the top block is 24 inches wide, 21.5 inches deep, and 50 tall. A memorial plaque, which is centered on the face in the middle of the top block and measures 20 inches by 24 inches, reads: In 1905, the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association was granted permission from the Indiana state government to place a memorial to Owen in the rotunda of the Indiana Statehouse. The present-day memorial, which includes only the remaining pedestal, is installed on the Statehouse grounds, facing the southern entrance to the building. The memorial was dedicated in 1911. In 1905, during the women's movement of the early twentieth century, fundraising efforts began to erect a memorial to Robert Dale Owen, who was known for his early legislative efforts in Indiana in the mid-1800s to protect women's property rights and provide women with greater freedom in divorce, as well as his support of women\u2019s suffrage.", "Richard Dale Owen, the youngest son of Ann (or Anne) Caroline Dale and Robert Owen, was born on January 6, 1810, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Owen's Welsh-born father was a philanthropist and successful textile manufacturer in New Lanark, Scotland, who became a noted social reformer. Owen's Scottish mother was the daughter of David Dale, a wealthy textile manufacturer. Richard was one of eight children; one of whom died in infancy. His surviving siblings (three brothers and three sisters) were Robert Dale, William, David Dale, Anne (or Anne) Caroline, Jane Dale, and Mary. Owen grew up at Braxfield House, the Owen family's estate in Scotland, and received his early education from private tutors and at New Lanark grammar schools. He attended Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg's school in Hofwyl, Switzerland, where he studied chemistry, physics, and natural sciences, among other subjects. Owen's three years as the Swiss school exposed him to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's method of education. After returning to Scotland, Owen continued his education, specializing in chemistry, under Andrew Ure at Andersonian Institute (the present-day University of Strathclyde) at Glasgow. Owen arrived in the United States in 1828 and joined his brothers (Robert Dale, William, and David Dale Owen) in Indiana, where their father had established a utopian experimental community at New Harmony in 1825. During the Mexican\u2013American War, Owen was stationed in Monterrey overseeing provision trains as a captain from April 1847 until August 1848. Although the socialistic experiment was dissolved in 1827, many of the town's inhabitants, including Owen and his siblings, continued to reside at New Harmony. Owen periodically left the area to travel and for his professional work, but New Harmony remained his permanent home."], "answer": {"text": "he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 716}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they supply the union with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were these letter include?", "answer": {"text": "to encourage them to support general emancipation.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any take in any other political movements?", "answer": {"text": "In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 633, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#6", "question": "Was he involved in any controversies?", "rewrite": "Was Robert Dale Owen involved in any controversies?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The memorial was also intended to draw attention to the ongoing struggle for women's suffrage. The Memorial Association hoped to raise $2,000 to $2,500 for the commission of a bust and memorial. Artist Frances Goodwin was chosen to create the bust. After Goodwin's clay model was approved by the Memorial Association and by Owen's son, Ernest Dale Owen, the final bronze bust was cast in Paris. Although the state government granted the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association permission to place a memorial in the rotunda of the Statehouse in 1905, the completed work was not formally dedicated until 1911. The memorial was presented to the State of Indiana on March 8, 1911, \"as a lasting memorial to a man who for many years persistently labored to secure just laws concerning the educational and property rights of women. \" The governor of Indiana, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Owen's great-grandniece, Martha Fitton, attended the dedication. The original memorial included Goowin's bronze portrait bust of Owen on a stone pedestal that included a commemorative plaque. On September 19, 1970, the portrait bust was stolen, and the present-day memorial is installed outside on the Statehouse grounds. It faces the southern entrance to the building where it was dedicated in 1911. The Federated Women's Club of Indiana formed the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association on June 30, 1905, to urge the women of Indiana to help raise funds for a memorial to Robert Dale Owen. The Association consisted of ten women from Indiana, led by Julia Conklin. The group published at least two pamphlets that were distributed around the state to inform others about their efforts. \" Robert Dale Owen and What He Did for Women of Indiana\" offered a brief biography of the politician.", "Robert Dale Owen Memorial Robert Dale Owen Memorial is a public artwork located at the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse along Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. The memorial was donated to the state of Indiana and dedicated in 1911 in honor of the Indiana politician, Robert Dale Owen (1807\u20131877). The bronze portrait bust by Indiana sculptor, Frances Goodwin, has been missing from this memorial since 1970. The memorial's remaining pedestal is made from three stone blocks and includes a commemorative plaque. The 200-pound bronze bust of a bearded Robert Dale Owen was once centered on the top of a stone pedestal; however, the bust is missing from the memorial. The remaining pedestal faces the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse. It is composed of three stone blocks and stands 70 inches high. The lowest block is 45.5 inches wide, 42.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; the middle block measures 32 inches wide, 28.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; and the top block is 24 inches wide, 21.5 inches deep, and 50 tall. A memorial plaque, which is centered on the face in the middle of the top block and measures 20 inches by 24 inches, reads: In 1905, the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association was granted permission from the Indiana state government to place a memorial to Owen in the rotunda of the Indiana Statehouse. The present-day memorial, which includes only the remaining pedestal, is installed on the Statehouse grounds, facing the southern entrance to the building. The memorial was dedicated in 1911. In 1905, during the women's movement of the early twentieth century, fundraising efforts began to erect a memorial to Robert Dale Owen, who was known for his early legislative efforts in Indiana in the mid-1800s to protect women's property rights and provide women with greater freedom in divorce, as well as his support of women\u2019s suffrage.", "David Dale Owen David Dale Owen (24 June 1807 \u2013 13 November 1860) was a prominent American geologist who conducted the first geological surveys of Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen served as the first state geologist for three states: Kentucky (1854\u201357), Arkansas (1857\u201359), and Indiana (1837\u201339 and 1859\u201360). His first geological work was as an assistant mapping the geology of Tennessee in 1836. In addition, Owen was appointed as a U.S. geologist in 1839 and led federal surveys of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois (1839\u201340) and in the Upper Midwest (1847-1851). Owen's greatest legacy lies in the eleven volumes of published reports from his state and federal geological surveys, which increased the general knowledge and understanding of American geology, the structural geology and paleontology of the United States, and the mineral wealth of the Midwestern states. Owen's most significant contribution to the field of geology was identifying and naming major geological formations of the Mississippi River Valley and placing them in relative position on a geological timeline. He also helped to standardize the nomenclature of geological structures in the Midwest. David Dale was the third surviving son of Robert Owen, a Welsh-born socialist reformer who established a social experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856.", "Richard Dale Owen, the youngest son of Ann (or Anne) Caroline Dale and Robert Owen, was born on January 6, 1810, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Owen's Welsh-born father was a philanthropist and successful textile manufacturer in New Lanark, Scotland, who became a noted social reformer. Owen's Scottish mother was the daughter of David Dale, a wealthy textile manufacturer. Richard was one of eight children; one of whom died in infancy. His surviving siblings (three brothers and three sisters) were Robert Dale, William, David Dale, Anne (or Anne) Caroline, Jane Dale, and Mary. Owen grew up at Braxfield House, the Owen family's estate in Scotland, and received his early education from private tutors and at New Lanark grammar schools. He attended Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg's school in Hofwyl, Switzerland, where he studied chemistry, physics, and natural sciences, among other subjects. Owen's three years as the Swiss school exposed him to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's method of education. After returning to Scotland, Owen continued his education, specializing in chemistry, under Andrew Ure at Andersonian Institute (the present-day University of Strathclyde) at Glasgow. Owen arrived in the United States in 1828 and joined his brothers (Robert Dale, William, and David Dale Owen) in Indiana, where their father had established a utopian experimental community at New Harmony in 1825. During the Mexican\u2013American War, Owen was stationed in Monterrey overseeing provision trains as a captain from April 1847 until August 1848. Although the socialistic experiment was dissolved in 1827, many of the town's inhabitants, including Owen and his siblings, continued to reside at New Harmony. Owen periodically left the area to travel and for his professional work, but New Harmony remained his permanent home.", "He continued teaching at IU until his retirement in 1879. Robert Dale Owen, eldest son of Robert Owen, was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. At New Harmony, he taught school and co-edited and published the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Frances Wright. Owen later moved to New York. In 1830 he published \"Moral Philosophy,\" the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother, David Dale Owen, to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853\u20131858) in Naples, where he began studying spiritualism. Owen's book, \"Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World\" (1860), aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his critics in the \"Boston Investigator\" and at home in the \"New Harmony Advertiser\" were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer. Robert Dales Owen died at Lake George, New York, in 1877. Frances Wright (1795\u20131852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co-edited and wrote for the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Robert Dale Owen."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they supply the union with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were these letter include?", "answer": {"text": "to encourage them to support general emancipation.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any take in any other political movements?", "answer": {"text": "In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 633, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his stance on slavery?", "answer": {"text": "he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 716, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#7", "question": "Was there any other notable activities he was involved in?", "rewrite": "Aside from urging the president to abolish slavery, was there any other notable activities Robert Dale Owen was involved in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Robert Dale Owen Memorial Robert Dale Owen Memorial is a public artwork located at the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse along Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. The memorial was donated to the state of Indiana and dedicated in 1911 in honor of the Indiana politician, Robert Dale Owen (1807\u20131877). The bronze portrait bust by Indiana sculptor, Frances Goodwin, has been missing from this memorial since 1970. The memorial's remaining pedestal is made from three stone blocks and includes a commemorative plaque. The 200-pound bronze bust of a bearded Robert Dale Owen was once centered on the top of a stone pedestal; however, the bust is missing from the memorial. The remaining pedestal faces the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse. It is composed of three stone blocks and stands 70 inches high. The lowest block is 45.5 inches wide, 42.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; the middle block measures 32 inches wide, 28.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; and the top block is 24 inches wide, 21.5 inches deep, and 50 tall. A memorial plaque, which is centered on the face in the middle of the top block and measures 20 inches by 24 inches, reads: In 1905, the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association was granted permission from the Indiana state government to place a memorial to Owen in the rotunda of the Indiana Statehouse. The present-day memorial, which includes only the remaining pedestal, is installed on the Statehouse grounds, facing the southern entrance to the building. The memorial was dedicated in 1911. In 1905, during the women's movement of the early twentieth century, fundraising efforts began to erect a memorial to Robert Dale Owen, who was known for his early legislative efforts in Indiana in the mid-1800s to protect women's property rights and provide women with greater freedom in divorce, as well as his support of women\u2019s suffrage.", "Richard Dale Owen, the youngest son of Ann (or Anne) Caroline Dale and Robert Owen, was born on January 6, 1810, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Owen's Welsh-born father was a philanthropist and successful textile manufacturer in New Lanark, Scotland, who became a noted social reformer. Owen's Scottish mother was the daughter of David Dale, a wealthy textile manufacturer. Richard was one of eight children; one of whom died in infancy. His surviving siblings (three brothers and three sisters) were Robert Dale, William, David Dale, Anne (or Anne) Caroline, Jane Dale, and Mary. Owen grew up at Braxfield House, the Owen family's estate in Scotland, and received his early education from private tutors and at New Lanark grammar schools. He attended Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg's school in Hofwyl, Switzerland, where he studied chemistry, physics, and natural sciences, among other subjects. Owen's three years as the Swiss school exposed him to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's method of education. After returning to Scotland, Owen continued his education, specializing in chemistry, under Andrew Ure at Andersonian Institute (the present-day University of Strathclyde) at Glasgow. Owen arrived in the United States in 1828 and joined his brothers (Robert Dale, William, and David Dale Owen) in Indiana, where their father had established a utopian experimental community at New Harmony in 1825. During the Mexican\u2013American War, Owen was stationed in Monterrey overseeing provision trains as a captain from April 1847 until August 1848. Although the socialistic experiment was dissolved in 1827, many of the town's inhabitants, including Owen and his siblings, continued to reside at New Harmony. Owen periodically left the area to travel and for his professional work, but New Harmony remained his permanent home.", "He continued teaching at IU until his retirement in 1879. Robert Dale Owen, eldest son of Robert Owen, was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. At New Harmony, he taught school and co-edited and published the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Frances Wright. Owen later moved to New York. In 1830 he published \"Moral Philosophy,\" the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother, David Dale Owen, to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853\u20131858) in Naples, where he began studying spiritualism. Owen's book, \"Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World\" (1860), aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his critics in the \"Boston Investigator\" and at home in the \"New Harmony Advertiser\" were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer. Robert Dales Owen died at Lake George, New York, in 1877. Frances Wright (1795\u20131852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co-edited and wrote for the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Robert Dale Owen.", "David Dale Owen David Dale Owen (24 June 1807 \u2013 13 November 1860) was a prominent American geologist who conducted the first geological surveys of Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen served as the first state geologist for three states: Kentucky (1854\u201357), Arkansas (1857\u201359), and Indiana (1837\u201339 and 1859\u201360). His first geological work was as an assistant mapping the geology of Tennessee in 1836. In addition, Owen was appointed as a U.S. geologist in 1839 and led federal surveys of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois (1839\u201340) and in the Upper Midwest (1847-1851). Owen's greatest legacy lies in the eleven volumes of published reports from his state and federal geological surveys, which increased the general knowledge and understanding of American geology, the structural geology and paleontology of the United States, and the mineral wealth of the Midwestern states. Owen's most significant contribution to the field of geology was identifying and naming major geological formations of the Mississippi River Valley and placing them in relative position on a geological timeline. He also helped to standardize the nomenclature of geological structures in the Midwest. David Dale was the third surviving son of Robert Owen, a Welsh-born socialist reformer who established a social experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856.", "The memorial was also intended to draw attention to the ongoing struggle for women's suffrage. The Memorial Association hoped to raise $2,000 to $2,500 for the commission of a bust and memorial. Artist Frances Goodwin was chosen to create the bust. After Goodwin's clay model was approved by the Memorial Association and by Owen's son, Ernest Dale Owen, the final bronze bust was cast in Paris. Although the state government granted the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association permission to place a memorial in the rotunda of the Statehouse in 1905, the completed work was not formally dedicated until 1911. The memorial was presented to the State of Indiana on March 8, 1911, \"as a lasting memorial to a man who for many years persistently labored to secure just laws concerning the educational and property rights of women. \" The governor of Indiana, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Owen's great-grandniece, Martha Fitton, attended the dedication. The original memorial included Goowin's bronze portrait bust of Owen on a stone pedestal that included a commemorative plaque. On September 19, 1970, the portrait bust was stolen, and the present-day memorial is installed outside on the Statehouse grounds. It faces the southern entrance to the building where it was dedicated in 1911. The Federated Women's Club of Indiana formed the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association on June 30, 1905, to urge the women of Indiana to help raise funds for a memorial to Robert Dale Owen. The Association consisted of ten women from Indiana, led by Julia Conklin. The group published at least two pamphlets that were distributed around the state to inform others about their efforts. \" Robert Dale Owen and What He Did for Women of Indiana\" offered a brief biography of the politician."], "answer": {"text": "Owen also believed that emancipation would weaken the Confederate forces and help the Union army win the war.", "answer_start": 776}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they supply the union with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were these letter include?", "answer": {"text": "to encourage them to support general emancipation.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any take in any other political movements?", "answer": {"text": "In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 633, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his stance on slavery?", "answer": {"text": "he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 716, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he involved in any controversies?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ef36a200a9f646208e02f75249bd469a_0_q#8", "question": "Did he hold political office?", "rewrite": "Did Robert Dale Owen hold political office?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard Dale Owen, the youngest son of Ann (or Anne) Caroline Dale and Robert Owen, was born on January 6, 1810, in Lanarkshire, Scotland. Owen's Welsh-born father was a philanthropist and successful textile manufacturer in New Lanark, Scotland, who became a noted social reformer. Owen's Scottish mother was the daughter of David Dale, a wealthy textile manufacturer. Richard was one of eight children; one of whom died in infancy. His surviving siblings (three brothers and three sisters) were Robert Dale, William, David Dale, Anne (or Anne) Caroline, Jane Dale, and Mary. Owen grew up at Braxfield House, the Owen family's estate in Scotland, and received his early education from private tutors and at New Lanark grammar schools. He attended Philipp Emanuel von Fellenberg's school in Hofwyl, Switzerland, where he studied chemistry, physics, and natural sciences, among other subjects. Owen's three years as the Swiss school exposed him to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's method of education. After returning to Scotland, Owen continued his education, specializing in chemistry, under Andrew Ure at Andersonian Institute (the present-day University of Strathclyde) at Glasgow. Owen arrived in the United States in 1828 and joined his brothers (Robert Dale, William, and David Dale Owen) in Indiana, where their father had established a utopian experimental community at New Harmony in 1825. During the Mexican\u2013American War, Owen was stationed in Monterrey overseeing provision trains as a captain from April 1847 until August 1848. Although the socialistic experiment was dissolved in 1827, many of the town's inhabitants, including Owen and his siblings, continued to reside at New Harmony. Owen periodically left the area to travel and for his professional work, but New Harmony remained his permanent home.", "David Dale Owen David Dale Owen (24 June 1807 \u2013 13 November 1860) was a prominent American geologist who conducted the first geological surveys of Indiana, Kentucky, Arkansas, Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota. Owen served as the first state geologist for three states: Kentucky (1854\u201357), Arkansas (1857\u201359), and Indiana (1837\u201339 and 1859\u201360). His first geological work was as an assistant mapping the geology of Tennessee in 1836. In addition, Owen was appointed as a U.S. geologist in 1839 and led federal surveys of Iowa, Wisconsin, and northern Illinois (1839\u201340) and in the Upper Midwest (1847-1851). Owen's greatest legacy lies in the eleven volumes of published reports from his state and federal geological surveys, which increased the general knowledge and understanding of American geology, the structural geology and paleontology of the United States, and the mineral wealth of the Midwestern states. Owen's most significant contribution to the field of geology was identifying and naming major geological formations of the Mississippi River Valley and placing them in relative position on a geological timeline. He also helped to standardize the nomenclature of geological structures in the Midwest. David Dale was the third surviving son of Robert Owen, a Welsh-born socialist reformer who established a social experiment at New Harmony, Indiana. The experiment failed within few years, but David Dale and his three brothers, Robert Dale Owen, William, and Richard Dale Owen, as well as their sister, Jane Dale Owen Fauntleroy, established a permanent home at New Harmony. Owen amassed an extensive personal collection of natural history specimens at New Harmony, as well as a geological laboratory and museum that served as the headquarters of the U.S. Geological Survey until 1856.", "He continued teaching at IU until his retirement in 1879. Robert Dale Owen, eldest son of Robert Owen, was a social reformer and intellectual of national importance. At New Harmony, he taught school and co-edited and published the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Frances Wright. Owen later moved to New York. In 1830 he published \"Moral Philosophy,\" the first treatise in the United States to support birth control, and returned to New Harmony in 1834. From 1836 to 1838, and in 1851, Owen served in the Indiana legislature and was also a delegate to the state's constitutional convention of 1850. Owen was an advocate for women's rights, free public education, and opposed slavery. As a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1843 to 1847, Owen introduced a bill in 1846 that established the Smithsonian Institution. He also served as chairman of the Smithsonian Building Committee. He arranged for his brother, David Dale Owen, to sample a large number of possible building stones for the Smithsonian Castle. From 1852 to 1858 Owen held the diplomatic position of charge d'affairs (1853\u20131858) in Naples, where he began studying spiritualism. Owen's book, \"Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World\" (1860), aroused something of a literary sensation. Among his critics in the \"Boston Investigator\" and at home in the \"New Harmony Advertiser\" were John and Margaret Chappellsmith, he formerly an artist for David Dale Owen's geological publications, and she a former Owenite lecturer. Robert Dales Owen died at Lake George, New York, in 1877. Frances Wright (1795\u20131852) came to New Harmony in 1824, where she co-edited and wrote for the \"New Harmony Gazette\" with Robert Dale Owen.", "Robert Dale Owen Memorial Robert Dale Owen Memorial is a public artwork located at the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse along Washington Street in Indianapolis, Indiana. The memorial was donated to the state of Indiana and dedicated in 1911 in honor of the Indiana politician, Robert Dale Owen (1807\u20131877). The bronze portrait bust by Indiana sculptor, Frances Goodwin, has been missing from this memorial since 1970. The memorial's remaining pedestal is made from three stone blocks and includes a commemorative plaque. The 200-pound bronze bust of a bearded Robert Dale Owen was once centered on the top of a stone pedestal; however, the bust is missing from the memorial. The remaining pedestal faces the south entrance of the Indiana Statehouse. It is composed of three stone blocks and stands 70 inches high. The lowest block is 45.5 inches wide, 42.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; the middle block measures 32 inches wide, 28.5 inches deep, and 10 inches tall; and the top block is 24 inches wide, 21.5 inches deep, and 50 tall. A memorial plaque, which is centered on the face in the middle of the top block and measures 20 inches by 24 inches, reads: In 1905, the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association was granted permission from the Indiana state government to place a memorial to Owen in the rotunda of the Indiana Statehouse. The present-day memorial, which includes only the remaining pedestal, is installed on the Statehouse grounds, facing the southern entrance to the building. The memorial was dedicated in 1911. In 1905, during the women's movement of the early twentieth century, fundraising efforts began to erect a memorial to Robert Dale Owen, who was known for his early legislative efforts in Indiana in the mid-1800s to protect women's property rights and provide women with greater freedom in divorce, as well as his support of women\u2019s suffrage.", "The memorial was also intended to draw attention to the ongoing struggle for women's suffrage. The Memorial Association hoped to raise $2,000 to $2,500 for the commission of a bust and memorial. Artist Frances Goodwin was chosen to create the bust. After Goodwin's clay model was approved by the Memorial Association and by Owen's son, Ernest Dale Owen, the final bronze bust was cast in Paris. Although the state government granted the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association permission to place a memorial in the rotunda of the Statehouse in 1905, the completed work was not formally dedicated until 1911. The memorial was presented to the State of Indiana on March 8, 1911, \"as a lasting memorial to a man who for many years persistently labored to secure just laws concerning the educational and property rights of women. \" The governor of Indiana, members of the Indiana General Assembly, and Owen's great-grandniece, Martha Fitton, attended the dedication. The original memorial included Goowin's bronze portrait bust of Owen on a stone pedestal that included a commemorative plaque. On September 19, 1970, the portrait bust was stolen, and the present-day memorial is installed outside on the Statehouse grounds. It faces the southern entrance to the building where it was dedicated in 1911. The Federated Women's Club of Indiana formed the Robert Dale Owen Memorial Association on June 30, 1905, to urge the women of Indiana to help raise funds for a memorial to Robert Dale Owen. The Association consisted of ten women from Indiana, led by Julia Conklin. The group published at least two pamphlets that were distributed around the state to inform others about their efforts. \" Robert Dale Owen and What He Did for Women of Indiana\" offered a brief biography of the politician."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was some political activities that Robert Dale Owen partook in?", "answer": {"text": "During the American Civil War, Owen served in the Ordnance Commission to supply the Union army;", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they supply the union with?", "answer": {"text": "In 1862 Owen wrote a series of open letters to U.S. government officials, including President Abraham Lincoln and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase,", "answer_start": 229, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were these letter include?", "answer": {"text": "to encourage them to support general emancipation.", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any take in any other political movements?", "answer": {"text": "In another open letter that Owen wrote to President Lincoln on September 17, 1862, he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 633, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his stance on slavery?", "answer": {"text": "he urged the president to abolish slavery on moral grounds.", "answer_start": 716, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he involved in any controversies?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any other notable activities he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "Owen also believed that emancipation would weaken the Confederate forces and help the Union army win the war.", "answer_start": 776, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6fb4435c688408f87ec651339bfac49_0_q#0", "question": "What year was the original Gypsy production?", "rewrite": "What year was the original Gypsy production?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The aim of the HRFS is to ultimately defend and protect against human rights violations in Saudi Arabia. The HRFS believes in freedom of expression and association, as well as condemning all discrimination against gender or religious beliefs in Saudi Arabian society. The Human Rights First Society aims to monitor human rights violations and support victims of human rights violations, using \"all peaceful means to advocate that the Saudi government respects and defends all human rights.\" In fulfilling the role of the HRFS to protect the freedom of expression and association as well as condemning discrimination, the HRFS may release reports to Saudi officials as a recommendation. The reports essentially serve as a \u2018road map\u2019 as to whether certain laws in Saudi are in violation of international human rights conventions or treaties, or that these laws, when they exist, are not respected by the Saudi authorities. As well as making recommendations to officials, the HRFS may also welcome measures by government officials to create more accepted laws. , Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb is the head of HRFS. al-Mugaiteeb is a leading human rights activist and the founder and president of the Human Rights First Society (Saudi Arabia). Despite being previously imprisoned for political activism and barred from travel, al-Mugaiteeb continues to condemn human rights abuses and speak out against discrimination. Although al-Mugaiteeb was denied a licence permitting his organisation to function as a government organisation, he continues to operate the HRFS in the Kingdom at his own risk and has done so since the introduction of the HRFS in 2002. The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Fahd Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud issued a Royal Decree embodying the Basic Law of Governance for Saudi Arabia. After taking into consideration the interests of the public and with a view to progress the State, the \u2018Basic Law of Governance\u2019 came into force on 1 March 1992.", "Human Rights First Society The Human Rights First Society (\"HRFS\", ) is a non-governmental and non-profit organisation which seeks to promote human rights in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It is one of the few independent groups in Saudi Arabia monitoring human rights, along with the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association, the Society for Development and Change and the Association for the Protection and Defense of Women's Rights in Saudi Arabia. The HRFS was initiated as an organisation dedicated to protecting and defending human rights in Saudi Arabia according to Islamic teachings. The HRFS stands for applying the rule of law, freedoms of expression and association, and abolishing all discrimination in Saudi society on the basis of gender or religious beliefs. In 2002, the Human Rights First Society (HRFS) was created and led by Ibrahim al-Mugaiteeb whom applied to the Saudi government for legal recognition of the group. However, the application was denied. Although the HRFS was not granted governmental status, , it remained unrecognised, but was allowed by the government to exist informally. The Saudi Basic Law does not address freedom of association, and the government strictly limited this right in practice. The government prohibited the establishment of political parties or any group it considered as opposing the regime or challenging the King\u2019s authority. All associations must therefore be licensed and comply with its rules and regulations. The HRFS have had no response to their request for a governmental license, however, they have continued to pursue their purpose. As the group is formally 'unlicensed', it remains unclear which group activities are permitted and which could draw punishment from the government. Furthermore, without a license the group may not raise any operating funds which consequently limits its activities. Despite this, now in 2016, the HRFS continues to operate independently as a non-government organisation and is still recognised by governmental organisations.", "Kumpan\u00eda: Flamenco Los Angeles Kumpan\u00eda: Flamenco Los Angeles is a 2011 independent documentary film by director Katina Dunn. The film explores flamenco, including its origins in the oppressed Gypsy community in 17th-century southern Spain and also the flamenco culture of contemporary Spain. The documentary focuses specifically on a group of flamenco dancers, singers, and guitarists in Los Angeles, who are dedicated to preserving the art in its original form. \" Kumpan\u00eda\" is a Romani word meaning \"people who travel the same territory\". After providing an overview of the Romani origins of flamenco in 17th-century Spain, \"Kumpan\u00eda\" intercuts live performance footage with interviews and opinions from various singers, guitarists, and dancers. The performers describe what flamenco means both historically and also to them personally, and relate how they came to be involved in it. The focus of \"Kumpan\u00eda\" is a group of contemporary musicians and dancers in Los Angeles. These performers are dedicated to preserving the \"flamenco puro\" style of music and dance closely aligned with its original Gypsy roots, rather than the diluted showy style commonly seen in popular culture. Although dedicated to authentic flamenco, diversity is also present both in the film and in the artists showcased. \"The dozen-plus performers featured in the film hail from varied backgrounds. Singer Antonio de Jerez is Spanish Romani, dancer Mizuho Sato and guitarist Jos\u00e9 Tanaka are Japanese, and dancer Briseyda Zarate Fernandez and percussionist Joey Heredia are of Mexican descent\", noted the \"Los Angeles Times\". \"Shockya\" notes that \"Gitano, Spanish, Mexican, Japanese and French flamenco, among others\" are displayed in the film. The film also focuses on the emotional depth and commitment of both the music and the performers.", "Over the years, de Syllos has been working on a solo career as a composer and band leader, and has accompanied top Brazilian and International artists like Ivan Vilela, Izzy Gordon, Paulo Jobim, Roberto Menescal, N\u00e1 Ozetti, Toninho Ferraguti, Duofel, Hermeto Pascoal, Lenine, Zeca Baleiro, Marlui Miranda, Lupa Santiago, Pedro de Alc\u00e2ntara, Bina Coquet, Hot Jazz Club, Bloody Mary & Os Caipirinhas, Marcelo Onofri, Connie Evingson, Laura Penn,  Maria Sole (Italy), Sally Burgues (New Zealand), Robin Nolan (Netherlands), Richard Smith (England), Thomas Walburn (Denmark), Connie Evingson, Laura Penn, and Jason S. Smith (USA), Niclas Campagnol (Switzerland), Dario Napoli (Italy) among others, in stage performances and recordings. More recently, De Syllos has dedicated more of his time to be the dubbing and musical director for Atma Entretenimento, in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, where he creates Brazilian versions for a variety of projects including live-action and animated movies, broadcast series and documentaries, as well as supervising the whole dubbing and music production team in the studio. Gilberto de Syllos has taken gipsy jazz with so much passion, he has even changed his stage name to Seo Manouche (Brazilian Portuguese for Mister Manouche) whenever he plays this style of music. His first album for this project, the eponymous Seo Manouche, contains original gypsy jazz songs sung in Brazilian Portuguese as shown in the local press and the Brazilian Edition of Bass Player magazine . Seo Manouche brings to light a unique universe where Brazilian root music and gipsy jazz are blended together.", "Anti-government protests demanding release of prisoners held without charge or trial continued in various cities and protests demanding the Eastern province to have a constitution and legislature. Throughout the duration of the protests, a number of protesters were shot dead by Saudi authorities following chants aimed against the House of Saud and Minister of Interior, Nayef, calling them \"terrorists\", \"butchers\" and \"criminal. On 24 March 2011, during the 2011 Saudi Arabian protests, HRFS said that 100 protestors remained under arrest following the 15\u201318 March protests in and near Qatif and that some had been tortured. Alongside the HRFS, the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association (ACPRA) called for the ACPRA co-founder Mohammed Saleh al-Bejadi to be released following his arbitrary arrest in Buraidah on 21 March by the Internal Security Agency. The protests continued calling for the release of these prisoners, for the Peninsula Shield Force to be withdrawn from Bahrain, for equal representation in key offices and for reforms in political positions, as they feel marginalised. In working toward promoting and defending the rule of law, protecting freedoms of expression and association, and abolishing discrimination in Saudi society, the HRFS has compiled a report on the rule of law in Saudi Arabia and its impact on the freedoms of the Saudi people titled \"Unholy Trespass: How the Saudi Legal Code Violates International Human Rights\" (The Report). The report holds that many of the unwritten laws in Saudi Arabia are \"enormously regressive\" and \"ultimately lethal\" to human rights. A nation state has a legal obligation to abide by and to enact legislation cogent with the treaties it has ratified. Furthermore, pursuant to the law of treaties, a State that has signed but not ratified a treaty is obliged to refrain from \"acts which would defeat the object and purpose\" of that treaty."], "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 51}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a6fb4435c688408f87ec651339bfac49_0_q#1", "question": "Who was it staring", "rewrite": "Who was Gypsy staring?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He is very happy to meet a \"real\" Gypsy. He asks the \"Gypsy Girl\" (Aurelia) where her company is. Aurelia recognises Dondolo immediately. She asks if he is Lactantio's servant. Dondolo haughtily replies that he serves no man. He says that he has left his master to pursue a Gypsy lifestyle. Before Aurelia has a chance to press Dondolo further, a company of Gypsies enters singing and dancing. The Gypsy Captain addresses Aurelia in a strange Gypsy language (this language includes words such as \"piss-kitch.\") Aurelia tells him that she cannot understand the Gypsy language because she has only recently turned to the Gypsy lifestyle. The Gypsy captain welcomes her with good cheer. Dondolo requests admittance into the Gypsy company. The Gypsy Captain picks Dondolo's pocket while he reads his palm. Dondolo tries to pay the Gypsy Captain and realises that his money has been stolen. Exceedingly impressed, he begs the captain to teach him the art of Gypsy thievery. The Gypsy Captain tells Dondolo that he will have everything he desires. He gives him the new \"Gypsy Girl\" (this is the second time that Aurelia has been \"given\" to an undesirable male) and instructs him to get her pregnant so she produce Gypsy children. Dondolo is very pleased. The Gypsy Captain marks Dondolo's face with bacon (to \"Gypsify\" him) and instructs him to go out and steal as much as he can for the company. Aurelia's father and the Old Governor of the Fort enter. They are searching for Aurelia. Aurelia is afraid she will be discovered.", "Internationally reputed to be the \"highest motorsport event in the world\", the Raid de Himalaya was created by HMA and has been organized and conducted by the club for the past 15 years consecutively. Other events run by HMA include the Dhorra Kross (Desert 4 x 4 training in Rajasthan) and the Ice Kross ( Snow and Ice 4 x 4 training in Himachal/ Kashmir). Both these events are organized annually and showcase HMA's expertise in the field of cross country driving. Year driver Vehicle  1999 - Sanjay sikand gypsy \"2000- Abhilash P G Esteem\" 2001- Along aier gypsy 2002- Lima Jamie gypsy 2003-sunny sidhu gypsy 2004-suresh rana gypsy 2005-suresh rana gypsy 2006-suresh rana gypsy 2007-suresh rana gypsy 2008-suresh rana gypsy 2009-amarindar brar gypsy 2010-suresh rana gypsy 2011-suresh rana gypsy 2012-suresh rana gypsy 2013-suresh rana gypsy 2014-amartej ps buwal gypsy 2015-tsering lhakpa gypsy 2016-suresh rana grand vitara 2017-suresh rana grand vitara", "Staring  Staring is a prolonged gaze or fixed look. In staring, one object or person is the continual focus of visual interest, for an amount of time. Staring can be interpreted as being either hostile like disapproval of another's behavior, or the result of intense concentration, interest or affection. Staring behavior can be considered as a form of aggression like when it is an invasion of an individual's privacy in certain contexts, or as a nonverbal cue to convey feelings of attraction in a social setting. The resultant behavior or action defines whether it is aggressive in nature (e.g. leering that result's in street harassment), passive or active expression of attraction, etc. However, to some extent staring often occurs accidentally, and often it would be simply staring into a space for awareness, or could be lost in thought, stupefied, or be unable to see. As such, the meaning of a person\u2019s staring behavior depends upon the attributions made by the observer. In a staring contest, a mutual staring can take the form of a battle of wills when an eye contact is reciprocated, it could be an aggressive-dominating game where the loser is the person who looks away first. Staring conceptually also implies confronting the inevitable \u2013 \u2018staring death in the face\u2019, or \u2018staring into the abyss\u2019. Group staring evokes and emphasizes paranoia; such as the archetypal stranger walking into a saloon in a Western to be greeted by the stares of all the regulars. The fear of being stared at is called Scopophobia. Children have to be socialised into learning acceptable staring behaviour. This is often difficult because children have different sensitivities to self-esteem. Staring is also sometimes used as a technique of flirting with an object of affection.", "Immediately afterwards, Charlie's drinking involves the pair in a car accident resulting in Charlie's death and Gypsy receiving serious injuries. Gypsy then bonds with Natalie, who like herself is, vilified for an affair and is upset when she and Tom leave the Bay, leaving Gypsy alone with Joel. Kieran Fletcher (Spencer McLaren), Sally's fianc\u00e9 makes advances towards Gypysy and taunts her by saying no-one will believe her. Gypsy remains silent until halfway through the wedding when she announces what has been going on. Hayley and Colleen Smart (Lyn Collingwood) confirm this and Sally jilts Kieran. Joel and Gypsy move back into Joel's old family home with Vinnie. Gypsy then takes a job at the local Drop-in-center and forms a close bond with boss Shelley Sutherland (Paula Forrest) but things are made uncomfortable by the fact that her daughter, Dani (Tammin Sursok) is seeing Will. Gypsy begins seeing Harry Reynolds (Justin Melvey). Charlie's ex, Kirsten (Christa Nicola) makes a hoax call to Gypsy telling her Harry is dead and is arrested as a result. Gypsy and Harry's relationship crumbles when she finds out he still has feeling for Shauna. Gypsy finds herself developing romantic feelings for Shelley. She then goes out with Desiree Upton (Simone Robertson) and shares a kiss and realises she is not a lesbian. Gypsy later sleeps with Will and she soon falls pregnant and lies about the baby's paternity but Sally and Tom soon realise the truth. Will eventually realises he is the father and Gypsy considers leaving town but eventually accepts Will has a right to choose to be involved. They reunite after Will and Dani break up and Gypsy moves in with him. She gives birth to a daughter, Lily by the roadside with Will supporting her. Will proposes and Gypsy accepts.", "After accepting a job in Queensland near Gypsy's family, they have a symbolic wedding ceremony as a marriage license will not be available for four weeks. They later marry legally in Queensland. They later adopt Jesse's Daughter, Rachel (Sarah Mumcu). When Will returns to the Bay in 2010, he reveals he had cheated on Gypsy and they have separated. Gypsy returns the following year in 2011 to see Irene, following her breast cancer diagnosis. Gypsy and Lily (Charlie Rose Maclennan) move in with Irene, Bianca Scott (Lisa Gormley) and April Scott (Rhiannon Fish). Gypsy tells Irene she is dating a man named Mark Gilmour (Shane Emmett), but he and Lily do not get on well. Gypsy tries to help care for Irene and she gets on Bianca's nerves. Gypsy is attracted to Liam Murphy (Axle Whitehead) and she organises a gig for him at the restaurant. Mark comes to visit Gypsy and he and Lily clash. Mark later suggests sending Lily to boarding school, but Gypsy disagrees with the idea. She later has sex with Liam on the beach, but they are interrupted by Bianca. Lily tells Mark and he and Gypsy break up. Irene tells Gypsy to leave and she and Lily pack up and go home. At the 41st Logie Awards Cooper won the \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" award for her portrayal of Gypsy, she was the first ever recipient of the award. Gypsy's kidnapping was nominated for \"Most Dramatic Storyline\" at the 1999 Inside Soap Awards. The following year, Cooper won an award in the \"Best Aussie actress\" category. In 2002, Chris Middendorp of \"The Age\" said Gypsy was a \"schoolgirl tart\" who dominated the 2000 season of \"Home and Away\" as \"she explored romantic opportunity in all the wrong places - rich playboys, schoolboys, older men."], "answer": {"text": "Ethel Merman starred as Rose, with Jack Klugman as Herbie and Sandra Church as Louise.", "answer_start": 277}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was the original Gypsy production?", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6fb4435c688408f87ec651339bfac49_0_q#2", "question": "Were there any other main characters", "rewrite": "Besides Ethel Merman, Jack Klugman, and Sandra Church, were there any other main characters?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The cast included Vera Zorina, Bobby Van, and Elaine Stritch. On November 23 of that year he starred in another Broadway play \"Sandhog\". In 1956 he played the role of Melville in \"Rock, Rock, Rock!. \" It\u2019s a jukebox musical featuring performances by established rock and roll singers of the era, including Chuck Berry, LaVern Baker, Teddy Randazzo, the Moonglows, the Flamingos, the Teenagers with Frankie Lymon as lead singer, and disc jockey Alan Freed. The cast includes Tuesday Weld, Connie Francis, Teddy Randazzo, and Jack Collins. In 1957, he acted in \"Shinbone Alley\". The Broadway production opened on April 13, 1957 at The Broadway Theatre and closed on May 25, 1957 after 49 performances. Other actors involved in the production were Eartha Kitt , Erik Rhodes, George S. Irving, Cathryn Damon, Jacques d'Amboise, Ross Martin, Lillian Hayman, and Allegra Kent. Later that year, he played the role of Baby John in the original Broadway production of \"West Side Story\". It was conceived, directed and choreographed by Jerome Robbins and produced by Robert E. Griffith and Harold Prince, marked Sondheim's Broadway debut. It ran for 732 performances before going on tour. The production was nominated for six Tony Awards including Best Musical in 1957. On May 21, 1959, he starred as Yonkers in the original production of \"Gypsy.\" The show was produced by David Merrick and directed and choreographed by Jerome Robbins. Ethel Merman starred as Rose, with Jack Klugman as Herbie and Sandra Church as Louise. Scenic and lighting design were by Jo Mielziner and costumes were by Raoul P\u00e8ne Du Bois.", "Together (Wherever We Go) \"Together (Wherever We Go)\" is a song, now considered a standard, with music by Jule Styne and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, written for the musical play \"Gypsy\" in 1959. It was introduced by Ethel Merman, Jack Klugman, and Sandra Church.", "While Ball would ad-lib during rehearsals, she followed the script when filming the actual show. While filming the 1963 episode \"Lucy and Viv Put In A Shower\", in which the leading ladies attempted to install a shower stall (but become trapped inside, unable to shut the water off), Ball nearly drowned while performing in the tank of water. She was unable to bring herself back to the surface, and it was Vance who realized there was a problem and pulled her co-star to safety ; Vance went on to ad lib until Ball could catch her breath to resume speaking her lines (all the while, cameras continued to film). Neither the film crew nor the live studio audience realized there was a problem. In her autobiography \"Love Lucy\", Lucy talks of this episode:  The two special episodes to feature Ethel Merman (\"Lucy Teaches Ethel Merman to Sing\" and \"Ethel Merman and the Boy Scout Show\") were originally just one episode, \"Lucy Teaches Ethel Merman to Sing\". This installment was a consolation prize to Merman after her Desilu-produced pilot, \"Maggie Brown\", was rejected as a regular series by CBS. The plot was much as it remains today with Lucy and Viv trying to pass off Agnes Schmidlap as Ethel Merman, not knowing that it really is Ethel Merman, and Lucy attempts to teach her how to sing.", "The Ethel Merman Disco Album The Ethel Merman Disco Album is a 1979 album by American Broadway performer Ethel Merman. It was released on A&M Records. Over the years, the record became a camp classic, with vinyl copies highly sought out by collectors. Merman recorded 14 songs for \"The Ethel Merman Disco Album\", although only seven were released on the finished record. Each of the songs was recorded in only one take and arranged vocally the way she always recorded them, with disco instrumentation added later as a backtrack. In 2002, Fynsworth Alley Records acquired the rights to release the album on CD. The CD release contains one bonus track, a recording of \"They Say It's Wonderful\". There are no plans yet to release the other six tracks. In a retrospective review, William Ruhlmann of music database website Allmusic rated \"The Ethel Merman Disco Album\" two-and-a-half out of five stars. Ruhlmann noted that \"everyone, it seemed, was adding a disco beat and trying to cash in on the current \u2013 and temporary \u2013 fad\" and that Merman \"was 20 years past her last big success on the Great White Way and, you'd have thought, ready for retirement. \" He called the album \"pretty much like you'd expect. Arranger Peter Matz creates typical disco arrangements - and Merman sings the way she always does, sounding like she has nothing to do with the background at all. \" Ruhlmann concluded: \"The record is really only good for a laugh, but there's just one joke.\"", "The original Broadway production opened on May 21, 1959 at The Broadway Theatre, transferred to the Imperial Theatre, and closed on March 25, 1961 after 702 performances and two previews. The show was produced by David Merrick and directed and choreographed by Jerome Robbins. Ethel Merman starred as Rose, with Jack Klugman as Herbie and Sandra Church as Louise. Scenic and Lighting design were by Jo Mielziner and costumes were by Raoul Pene Du Bois. The orchestrations, including an overture, were supplied by Sid Ramin and Robert Ginzler. Critic Frank Rich has referred to Robbins' work as one of the most influential stagings of a musical in American theatrical history. The original production received eight Tony Award nominations, including Best Musical, Best Actress in a Musical, Best Featured Actor in a Musical, Best Featured Actress in a Musical, Best Scenic Design, Best Costume Design and Best Direction of a Musical, but failed to win any. When the show closed in March 1961, two national touring companies toured the US. The first company starred Merman and opened in March 1961 at the Rochester, New York Auditorium, and closed in December 1961 at the American, St. Louis, Missouri. The second national company starred Mitzi Green as Rose, followed by Mary McCarty. A young Bernadette Peters appeared in the ensemble and understudied Dainty June, a role she would play the following year in summer stock, opposite Betty Hutton's Rose. It opened in September 1961 at the Shubert Theatre, Detroit and closed in January 1962 at the Hanna, Cleveland, Ohio."], "answer": {"text": "Scenic and Lighting design were by Jo Mielziner and costumes were by Raoul Pene Du Bois.", "answer_start": 364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What year was the original Gypsy production?", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was it staring", "answer": {"text": "Ethel Merman starred as Rose, with Jack Klugman as Herbie and Sandra Church as Louise.", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6fb4435c688408f87ec651339bfac49_0_q#3", "question": "Was it popular", "rewrite": "Was Gypsy popular?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Dicalcium phosphate Dicalcium phosphate is the calcium phosphate with the formula CaHPO and its dihydrate. The \"di\" prefix in the common name arises because the formation of the HPO anion involves the removal of two protons from phosphoric acid, HPO. It is also known as dibasic calcium phosphate or calcium monohydrogen phosphate. Dicalcium phosphate is used as a food additive, it is found in some toothpastes as a polishing agent and is a biomaterial. Dibasic calcium phosphate is produced by the neutralization of calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid, which precipitates the dihydrate as a solid. At 60 \u00b0C the anhydrous form is precipitated:  To prevent degradation that would form hydroxyapatite, sodium pyrophosphate or trimagnesium phosphate octahydrate are added when for example, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is to be used as a polishing agent in toothpaste. In a continuous process CaCl can be treated with (NH)HPO to form the dihydrate: A slurry of the dihydrate is then heated to around 65\u201370 \u00b0C to form anhydrous CaHPO as a crystalline precipitate, typically as flat diamondoid crystals, which are suitable for further processing. Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate is formed in \"brushite\" calcium phosphate cements (CPC's), which have medical applications. An example of the overall setting reaction in the formation of \"\u03b2-TCP/MCPM\" (\u03b2-tricalcium phosphate/monocalcium phosphate) calcium phosphate cements is:  Three (3) forms of dicalcium phosphate are known:", "The ratio of caseins to whey proteins varies greatly between species; for example, it is 82:18 in cows and around 32:68 in humans. Minerals or milk salts, are traditional names for a variety of cations and anions within bovine milk. Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, sodium, potassium, citrate, and chloride are all included as minerals and they typically occur at concentration of 5\u201340 mM. The milk salts strongly interact with casein, most notably calcium phosphate. It is present in excess and often, much greater excess of solubility of solid calcium phosphate. In addition to calcium, milk is a good source of many other vitamins. Vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, K, E, thiamine, niacin, biotin, riboflavin, folates, and pantothenic acid are all present in milk. For many years the most accepted theory of the structure of a micelle was that it was composed of spherical casein aggregates, called submicelles, that were held together by calcium phosphate linkages. However, there are two recent models of the casein micelle that refute the distinct micellular structures within the micelle. The first theory attributed to de Kruif and Holt, proposes that nanoclusters of calcium phosphate and the phosphopeptide fraction of beta-casein are the centerpiece to micellular structure. Specifically in this view, unstructured proteins organize around the calcium phosphate giving rise to their structure and thus no specific structure is formed. The second theory proposed by Horne, the growth of calcium phosphate nanoclusters begins the process of micelle formation but is limited by binding phosphopeptide loop regions of the caseins.", "Calcium phosphate Calcium phosphate is a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well. They are white solids of nutritious value. Calcium phosphates are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein with magnesium, zinc, and citrate - collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP). Various calcium phosphate minerals are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient-containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication. These materials contain Ca combined with PO,HPO , and/or HPO:  These materials contain Ca combined with the polyphosphates, such as PO and triphosphate [PO]: These materials contain other anions in addition to phosphate:", "Amorphous calcium phosphate Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP or ATCP) is a glassy precipitate of variable composition that is formed in double decomposition reactions involving a soluble phosphate and calcium salts (e.g. (NH)HPO + Ca(NO)) performed under carefully controlled pH conditions. The precipitate will either be \"amorphous tricalcium phosphate\", ATCP, or calcium deficient hydroxypatite, CDHA, Ca(HPO)(PO)(OH), (note that CDHA is sometimes termed apatitic calcium triphosphate). The composition of amorphous calcium phosphate is CaH(PO)\u00b7\"n\"HO, where \"n\" is between 3 and 4.5. Precipitation from the moderately supersaturated and basic solution containing magnesium produces amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate (AMCP) in which magnesium incorporated into the ACP structure. Biogenic ACP has been found in the inner ear of embryonic sharks, mammalian milk and dental enamel. However, whilst the unequivocal presence of ACP in bones and teeth is the subject of debate, there is evidence that transient amorphous precursors are involved in the development of bone and teeth. The ACP in bovine milk is believed to involve calcium phosphate nanoclusters covered in a shell of casein phosphopeptides. A typical casein micelle of radius 100 nm contains around 10,000 casein molecules and 800 nanoclusters of ACP, each of an approximate diameter of 4.8 nm. The concentration of calcium phosphate is higher in milk than in serum, but it rarely forms deposits of insoluble phosphates.", "In animals, calculus should not be confused with crown cementum, a layer of calcified dental tissue that encases the tooth root underneath the gingival margin and is gradually lost through periodontal disease. Dental calculus has been shown to contain well preserved microparticles, DNA and protein in archaeological samples. The information these molecules contain can reveal information about the oral microbiome of the host and the presence of pathogens. It is also possible to identify dietary sources as well as study dietary shifts and occasionally evidence of craft activities. Sub-gingival calculus is composed almost entirely of two components: fossilized anaerobic bacteria whose biological composition has been replaced by calcium phosphate salts, and calcium phosphate salts that have joined the fossilized bacteria in calculus formations. The initial attachment mechanism and the development of mature calculus formations are based on electrical charge. Unlike calcium phosphate, the primary component of teeth, calcium phosphate salts exist as electrically unstable ions. The following minerals are detectable in calculus by X-ray diffraction: brushite (), octacalcium phosphate (CaH(PO).5HO), magnesium-containing whitlockite (Ca(MgFe)(PO)POOH), and carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite (approximately Ca(PO)(OH) but containing some carbonate). The reason fossilized bacteria are initially attracted to one part of the subgingival tooth surface over another is not fully understood; once the first layer is attached, ionized calculus components are naturally attracted to the same places due to electrical charge. The fossilized bacteria pile on top of one another, in a rather haphazard manner. All the while, free-floating ionic components fill in the gaps left by the fossilized bacteria."], "answer": {"text": "When the show closed in March 1961, two national touring companies toured the US.", "answer_start": 956}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was the original Gypsy production?", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was it staring", "answer": {"text": "Ethel Merman starred as Rose, with Jack Klugman as Herbie and Sandra Church as Louise.", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other main characters", "answer": {"text": "Scenic and Lighting design were by Jo Mielziner and costumes were by Raoul Pene Du Bois.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a6fb4435c688408f87ec651339bfac49_0_q#4", "question": "did it win any awards", "rewrite": "Did Gypsy win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kabfah Boonmatoon Kabfah Boonmatoon (, born March 12, 1987), simply known as Fah () is a Thai professional footballer who plays as an Attacking Midfielder for Thai League T1 club Sukhothai. In November 2009 he was called up to the Thailand squad for the 2009 Southeast Asian Games.", "Internationally reputed to be the \"highest motorsport event in the world\", the Raid de Himalaya was created by HMA and has been organized and conducted by the club for the past 15 years consecutively. Other events run by HMA include the Dhorra Kross (Desert 4 x 4 training in Rajasthan) and the Ice Kross ( Snow and Ice 4 x 4 training in Himachal/ Kashmir). Both these events are organized annually and showcase HMA's expertise in the field of cross country driving. Year driver Vehicle  1999 - Sanjay sikand gypsy \"2000- Abhilash P G Esteem\" 2001- Along aier gypsy 2002- Lima Jamie gypsy 2003-sunny sidhu gypsy 2004-suresh rana gypsy 2005-suresh rana gypsy 2006-suresh rana gypsy 2007-suresh rana gypsy 2008-suresh rana gypsy 2009-amarindar brar gypsy 2010-suresh rana gypsy 2011-suresh rana gypsy 2012-suresh rana gypsy 2013-suresh rana gypsy 2014-amartej ps buwal gypsy 2015-tsering lhakpa gypsy 2016-suresh rana grand vitara 2017-suresh rana grand vitara", "Immediately afterwards, Charlie's drinking involves the pair in a car accident resulting in Charlie's death and Gypsy receiving serious injuries. Gypsy then bonds with Natalie, who like herself is, vilified for an affair and is upset when she and Tom leave the Bay, leaving Gypsy alone with Joel. Kieran Fletcher (Spencer McLaren), Sally's fianc\u00e9 makes advances towards Gypysy and taunts her by saying no-one will believe her. Gypsy remains silent until halfway through the wedding when she announces what has been going on. Hayley and Colleen Smart (Lyn Collingwood) confirm this and Sally jilts Kieran. Joel and Gypsy move back into Joel's old family home with Vinnie. Gypsy then takes a job at the local Drop-in-center and forms a close bond with boss Shelley Sutherland (Paula Forrest) but things are made uncomfortable by the fact that her daughter, Dani (Tammin Sursok) is seeing Will. Gypsy begins seeing Harry Reynolds (Justin Melvey). Charlie's ex, Kirsten (Christa Nicola) makes a hoax call to Gypsy telling her Harry is dead and is arrested as a result. Gypsy and Harry's relationship crumbles when she finds out he still has feeling for Shauna. Gypsy finds herself developing romantic feelings for Shelley. She then goes out with Desiree Upton (Simone Robertson) and shares a kiss and realises she is not a lesbian. Gypsy later sleeps with Will and she soon falls pregnant and lies about the baby's paternity but Sally and Tom soon realise the truth. Will eventually realises he is the father and Gypsy considers leaving town but eventually accepts Will has a right to choose to be involved. They reunite after Will and Dani break up and Gypsy moves in with him. She gives birth to a daughter, Lily by the roadside with Will supporting her. Will proposes and Gypsy accepts.", "After accepting a job in Queensland near Gypsy's family, they have a symbolic wedding ceremony as a marriage license will not be available for four weeks. They later marry legally in Queensland. They later adopt Jesse's Daughter, Rachel (Sarah Mumcu). When Will returns to the Bay in 2010, he reveals he had cheated on Gypsy and they have separated. Gypsy returns the following year in 2011 to see Irene, following her breast cancer diagnosis. Gypsy and Lily (Charlie Rose Maclennan) move in with Irene, Bianca Scott (Lisa Gormley) and April Scott (Rhiannon Fish). Gypsy tells Irene she is dating a man named Mark Gilmour (Shane Emmett), but he and Lily do not get on well. Gypsy tries to help care for Irene and she gets on Bianca's nerves. Gypsy is attracted to Liam Murphy (Axle Whitehead) and she organises a gig for him at the restaurant. Mark comes to visit Gypsy and he and Lily clash. Mark later suggests sending Lily to boarding school, but Gypsy disagrees with the idea. She later has sex with Liam on the beach, but they are interrupted by Bianca. Lily tells Mark and he and Gypsy break up. Irene tells Gypsy to leave and she and Lily pack up and go home. At the 41st Logie Awards Cooper won the \"Most Popular New Female Talent\" award for her portrayal of Gypsy, she was the first ever recipient of the award. Gypsy's kidnapping was nominated for \"Most Dramatic Storyline\" at the 1999 Inside Soap Awards. The following year, Cooper won an award in the \"Best Aussie actress\" category. In 2002, Chris Middendorp of \"The Age\" said Gypsy was a \"schoolgirl tart\" who dominated the 2000 season of \"Home and Away\" as \"she explored romantic opportunity in all the wrong places - rich playboys, schoolboys, older men.", "He is very happy to meet a \"real\" Gypsy. He asks the \"Gypsy Girl\" (Aurelia) where her company is. Aurelia recognises Dondolo immediately. She asks if he is Lactantio's servant. Dondolo haughtily replies that he serves no man. He says that he has left his master to pursue a Gypsy lifestyle. Before Aurelia has a chance to press Dondolo further, a company of Gypsies enters singing and dancing. The Gypsy Captain addresses Aurelia in a strange Gypsy language (this language includes words such as \"piss-kitch.\") Aurelia tells him that she cannot understand the Gypsy language because she has only recently turned to the Gypsy lifestyle. The Gypsy captain welcomes her with good cheer. Dondolo requests admittance into the Gypsy company. The Gypsy Captain picks Dondolo's pocket while he reads his palm. Dondolo tries to pay the Gypsy Captain and realises that his money has been stolen. Exceedingly impressed, he begs the captain to teach him the art of Gypsy thievery. The Gypsy Captain tells Dondolo that he will have everything he desires. He gives him the new \"Gypsy Girl\" (this is the second time that Aurelia has been \"given\" to an undesirable male) and instructs him to get her pregnant so she produce Gypsy children. Dondolo is very pleased. The Gypsy Captain marks Dondolo's face with bacon (to \"Gypsify\" him) and instructs him to go out and steal as much as he can for the company. Aurelia's father and the Old Governor of the Fort enter. They are searching for Aurelia. Aurelia is afraid she will be discovered."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was the original Gypsy production?", "answer": {"text": "1959", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was it staring", "answer": {"text": "Ethel Merman starred as Rose, with Jack Klugman as Herbie and Sandra Church as Louise.", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other main characters", "answer": {"text": "Scenic and Lighting design were by Jo Mielziner and costumes were by Raoul Pene Du Bois.", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it popular", "answer": {"text": "When the show closed in March 1961, two national touring companies toured the US.", "answer_start": 956, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#0", "question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "rewrite": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chevalier Jacob's husband disappeared during a trading trip. She later married his partner William Farnsworth of the American Fur Company. They also had three children together. Marie Antoinette Chevalier Farnsworth continued with the trading post after Farnsworth left the area for the next frontier at Sheboygan. She was known for her business sense, fairness, and influence in the region, as she had ties to both the Menominee and European communities. After her death, Chevalier was buried in Allouez, Wisconsin. In 1987 her descendants had Chevalier reinterred in a sarcophagus at the Forest Home Mausoleum in Marinette. Her original tombstone is on display at the museum on Stephenson Island in Marinette. The site of Marinette was first settled by a small Algonquin band of Menominee people, referred to by the neighboring Ojibwe as \"the wild rice people\" for their staple crop. The band consisted of 40 to 80 men and their families. They lived at the mouth of the Menominee River in the 17th and 18th centuries, which, according to their creation story, was the tribe's place of origin. Before 1830, French Canadians established a fur trading post at the settlement. The first European settler was Stanislaus Chappu, also known as Chappee. After the War of 1812, the United States took over this area and the fur trade. They refused to license Canadian traders to operate on the American side of the border, although prior to the war, they and the Americans had easily passed back and forth across the border. John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company became most prominent in the region, although the fur trade was declining after 1830. In the late 19th century, the city developed rapidly as a port and processing area for lumber harvested in the interior.", "So sure was he that he was near the ocean, that he stopped and went back to Quebec to report his discovery of a passage to the \"South Sea,\" unaware that he had just missed finding the upper Mississippi River. In the last couple decades, some have questioned the traditional account of Nicolet's arrival in Green bay, saying that Nicolet was not looking for a route to China, did not wear a Chinese robe, and did not meet the Puans at Red Banks. Ronald Stiebe proposed that Nicolet didn't even go to Lake Michigan, but that the Puans were actually Algonquin people and Nicolet met them at Keweenaw Bay, Michigan. Nancy Oestreich Lurie, of the Milwaukee Public Museum\u2014followed by Patrick J. Jung, of the Milwaukee School of Engineering (PBS video, \"Rethinking Jean Nicolet's Journey to Wisconsin,\" 2014)\u2014concluded that Nicolet actually met the Puans near Menominee, Michigan. Although the Menominee people and the Puans were different tribes, they were allies who jointly controlled access to Green Bay. Also, the Menominee would have been able to serve as interpreters for Nicolet in negotiations with the Puans. Lurie and Jung propose that the main purpose of Nicolet's mission was to establish peace between New France and the Puans and an alliance against the Iroquois people. Jean Nicolet drowned after his boat capsized during a storm while traveling.", "In April 1975, MEI was dissolved and all Menominee lands were transferred back to the tribe, to be held in trust by the United States of America and governed by the sovereign Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin. Although DRUMS set its sights on improving the status of the local Menominee people, it was a big step toward the nationwide self-determination movement. The success of DRUMS let other Indians know that they too could make an impact, if only on a local level, and motivated other tribes to fight for their rights. On the national scope, DRUMS allowed Native American leaders to assume prominent positions. For instance, Ada Deer was catapulted to the top of the federal government; In 1993, Deer was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior by President Bill Clinton and served as head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs from 1993\u20131997. The new policy of the Office of Economic Opportunity, which sought to directly involve the recipients of its aid, provided further impetus for self-determination in education. The success of the OEO Head Start preschool program was attributed primarily to the fact that Indians were \"allowed to operate programs. \" For the first time in history, Deloria commented, \"Indian parents have become excited about education for their children. . . . For the last 100 years, the Government has been doing things for us and telling us what is best for Indians . . . of course there has been no progress . . . \" Progress in education was just one area in which Native Americans were gaining more independence. As tribes began to have more control over their own affairs and have more infrastructure entitled to them, they were able to be in much more command of their space, make more money, which led to power and progress.", "Menominee language  Menominee (also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language spoken by the historic Menominee people of what is now northern Wisconsin in the United States. The federally recognized tribe has been working to encourage revival of use of the language by intensive classes locally and partnerships with universities. Most of the fluent speakers are elderly. Many of the people use English as their first language. The name of the tribe, and the language, \"Oma\u035eeqnomenew\", comes from the word for wild rice. The tribe has gathered and cultivated this native food as a staple for millennia. The Anishinaabe (Ojibwa), their neighbors to the north who also speak an Algonquian language, also use this term for them. The main characteristics of Menominee, as compared to other Algonquian languages, are its extensive use of the low front vowel , its rich negation morphology, and its lexicon. Some scholars (notably Bloomfield and Sapir) have classified it as a Central Algonquian language based on its phonology. For good sources of information on both the Menominee and their language, some valuable resources include Leonard Bloomfield's 1928 bilingual text collection, his 1962 grammar (a landmark in its own right), and Skinner's earlier anthropological work. Menominee is a highly endangered language, with only a handful of fluent speakers left. According to a 1997 report by the Menominee Historic Preservation Office, 39 people spoke Menominee as their first language, all of whom were elderly; 26 spoke it as their second language; and 65 others had learned some of it for the purpose of understanding the language and/or teaching it to others. The Menominee Language & Culture Commission has been established by the Menominee Nation to promote the continued use of the language.", "Kaukauna, Wisconsin  Kaukauna () is a city in Outagamie and Calumet counties, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the Fox River, approximately north of Milwaukee. The population was 15,462 at the 2010 census. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. Kaukauna is a Native American word and in various languages means \"portage\", \"long portage\", \"place where pickerel are caught\", and \"place of pike\". This area was traditionally home to the Ho-Chunk and Menominee peoples. The first Europeans in the area were the French. The first Catholic missionary in the area, Fr. Claude Allouez, commented on the \"apple trees and vine stalks in abundance\" that he found the people of Kaukauna cultivating. Kaukuana became an outpost of trade in Green Bay and saw much intermarriage between French and Menominee people, leading to a M\u00e9tis culture which produced local leaders such as Augustin Grignon. In 1836, following years of negotiations about how to accommodate the Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Brothertown peoples who were removed from New York, the Menominee ceded over four million acres of land to the United States in the Treaty of the Cedars. Grignon of Kaukuana was one of the signatories of the treaty. Prior to 1880, and shortly afterwards, Kaukauna was known as \"The Lion on the Fox\". This nickname was changed to \"The Electric City\" upon the completion of the hydroelectric plant. When the city was incorporated in 1885, it was separated from the adjacent rural parts of the town. The first recorded land deed in Wisconsin was assigned to Dominique Ducharme in 1793. He obtained from the Menominee Indians for two barrels of rum and other gifts."], "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#1", "question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "rewrite": "From which country were the Europeans that the Menominee people met?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chevalier Jacob's husband disappeared during a trading trip. She later married his partner William Farnsworth of the American Fur Company. They also had three children together. Marie Antoinette Chevalier Farnsworth continued with the trading post after Farnsworth left the area for the next frontier at Sheboygan. She was known for her business sense, fairness, and influence in the region, as she had ties to both the Menominee and European communities. After her death, Chevalier was buried in Allouez, Wisconsin. In 1987 her descendants had Chevalier reinterred in a sarcophagus at the Forest Home Mausoleum in Marinette. Her original tombstone is on display at the museum on Stephenson Island in Marinette. The site of Marinette was first settled by a small Algonquin band of Menominee people, referred to by the neighboring Ojibwe as \"the wild rice people\" for their staple crop. The band consisted of 40 to 80 men and their families. They lived at the mouth of the Menominee River in the 17th and 18th centuries, which, according to their creation story, was the tribe's place of origin. Before 1830, French Canadians established a fur trading post at the settlement. The first European settler was Stanislaus Chappu, also known as Chappee. After the War of 1812, the United States took over this area and the fur trade. They refused to license Canadian traders to operate on the American side of the border, although prior to the war, they and the Americans had easily passed back and forth across the border. John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company became most prominent in the region, although the fur trade was declining after 1830. In the late 19th century, the city developed rapidly as a port and processing area for lumber harvested in the interior.", "Menominee language  Menominee (also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language spoken by the historic Menominee people of what is now northern Wisconsin in the United States. The federally recognized tribe has been working to encourage revival of use of the language by intensive classes locally and partnerships with universities. Most of the fluent speakers are elderly. Many of the people use English as their first language. The name of the tribe, and the language, \"Oma\u035eeqnomenew\", comes from the word for wild rice. The tribe has gathered and cultivated this native food as a staple for millennia. The Anishinaabe (Ojibwa), their neighbors to the north who also speak an Algonquian language, also use this term for them. The main characteristics of Menominee, as compared to other Algonquian languages, are its extensive use of the low front vowel , its rich negation morphology, and its lexicon. Some scholars (notably Bloomfield and Sapir) have classified it as a Central Algonquian language based on its phonology. For good sources of information on both the Menominee and their language, some valuable resources include Leonard Bloomfield's 1928 bilingual text collection, his 1962 grammar (a landmark in its own right), and Skinner's earlier anthropological work. Menominee is a highly endangered language, with only a handful of fluent speakers left. According to a 1997 report by the Menominee Historic Preservation Office, 39 people spoke Menominee as their first language, all of whom were elderly; 26 spoke it as their second language; and 65 others had learned some of it for the purpose of understanding the language and/or teaching it to others. The Menominee Language & Culture Commission has been established by the Menominee Nation to promote the continued use of the language.", "In April 1975, MEI was dissolved and all Menominee lands were transferred back to the tribe, to be held in trust by the United States of America and governed by the sovereign Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin. Although DRUMS set its sights on improving the status of the local Menominee people, it was a big step toward the nationwide self-determination movement. The success of DRUMS let other Indians know that they too could make an impact, if only on a local level, and motivated other tribes to fight for their rights. On the national scope, DRUMS allowed Native American leaders to assume prominent positions. For instance, Ada Deer was catapulted to the top of the federal government; In 1993, Deer was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior by President Bill Clinton and served as head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs from 1993\u20131997. The new policy of the Office of Economic Opportunity, which sought to directly involve the recipients of its aid, provided further impetus for self-determination in education. The success of the OEO Head Start preschool program was attributed primarily to the fact that Indians were \"allowed to operate programs. \" For the first time in history, Deloria commented, \"Indian parents have become excited about education for their children. . . . For the last 100 years, the Government has been doing things for us and telling us what is best for Indians . . . of course there has been no progress . . . \" Progress in education was just one area in which Native Americans were gaining more independence. As tribes began to have more control over their own affairs and have more infrastructure entitled to them, they were able to be in much more command of their space, make more money, which led to power and progress.", "Kaukauna, Wisconsin  Kaukauna () is a city in Outagamie and Calumet counties, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the Fox River, approximately north of Milwaukee. The population was 15,462 at the 2010 census. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. Kaukauna is a Native American word and in various languages means \"portage\", \"long portage\", \"place where pickerel are caught\", and \"place of pike\". This area was traditionally home to the Ho-Chunk and Menominee peoples. The first Europeans in the area were the French. The first Catholic missionary in the area, Fr. Claude Allouez, commented on the \"apple trees and vine stalks in abundance\" that he found the people of Kaukauna cultivating. Kaukuana became an outpost of trade in Green Bay and saw much intermarriage between French and Menominee people, leading to a M\u00e9tis culture which produced local leaders such as Augustin Grignon. In 1836, following years of negotiations about how to accommodate the Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Brothertown peoples who were removed from New York, the Menominee ceded over four million acres of land to the United States in the Treaty of the Cedars. Grignon of Kaukuana was one of the signatories of the treaty. Prior to 1880, and shortly afterwards, Kaukauna was known as \"The Lion on the Fox\". This nickname was changed to \"The Electric City\" upon the completion of the hydroelectric plant. When the city was incorporated in 1885, it was separated from the adjacent rural parts of the town. The first recorded land deed in Wisconsin was assigned to Dominique Ducharme in 1793. He obtained from the Menominee Indians for two barrels of rum and other gifts.", "So sure was he that he was near the ocean, that he stopped and went back to Quebec to report his discovery of a passage to the \"South Sea,\" unaware that he had just missed finding the upper Mississippi River. In the last couple decades, some have questioned the traditional account of Nicolet's arrival in Green bay, saying that Nicolet was not looking for a route to China, did not wear a Chinese robe, and did not meet the Puans at Red Banks. Ronald Stiebe proposed that Nicolet didn't even go to Lake Michigan, but that the Puans were actually Algonquin people and Nicolet met them at Keweenaw Bay, Michigan. Nancy Oestreich Lurie, of the Milwaukee Public Museum\u2014followed by Patrick J. Jung, of the Milwaukee School of Engineering (PBS video, \"Rethinking Jean Nicolet's Journey to Wisconsin,\" 2014)\u2014concluded that Nicolet actually met the Puans near Menominee, Michigan. Although the Menominee people and the Puans were different tribes, they were allies who jointly controlled access to Green Bay. Also, the Menominee would have been able to serve as interpreters for Nicolet in negotiations with the Puans. Lurie and Jung propose that the main purpose of Nicolet's mission was to establish peace between New France and the Puans and an alliance against the Iroquois people. Jean Nicolet drowned after his boat capsized during a storm while traveling."], "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#2", "question": "Why were the French there?", "rewrite": "Why were the French in the same area as the Menominee people in 1634?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In April 1975, MEI was dissolved and all Menominee lands were transferred back to the tribe, to be held in trust by the United States of America and governed by the sovereign Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin. Although DRUMS set its sights on improving the status of the local Menominee people, it was a big step toward the nationwide self-determination movement. The success of DRUMS let other Indians know that they too could make an impact, if only on a local level, and motivated other tribes to fight for their rights. On the national scope, DRUMS allowed Native American leaders to assume prominent positions. For instance, Ada Deer was catapulted to the top of the federal government; In 1993, Deer was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Interior by President Bill Clinton and served as head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs from 1993\u20131997. The new policy of the Office of Economic Opportunity, which sought to directly involve the recipients of its aid, provided further impetus for self-determination in education. The success of the OEO Head Start preschool program was attributed primarily to the fact that Indians were \"allowed to operate programs. \" For the first time in history, Deloria commented, \"Indian parents have become excited about education for their children. . . . For the last 100 years, the Government has been doing things for us and telling us what is best for Indians . . . of course there has been no progress . . . \" Progress in education was just one area in which Native Americans were gaining more independence. As tribes began to have more control over their own affairs and have more infrastructure entitled to them, they were able to be in much more command of their space, make more money, which led to power and progress.", "So sure was he that he was near the ocean, that he stopped and went back to Quebec to report his discovery of a passage to the \"South Sea,\" unaware that he had just missed finding the upper Mississippi River. In the last couple decades, some have questioned the traditional account of Nicolet's arrival in Green bay, saying that Nicolet was not looking for a route to China, did not wear a Chinese robe, and did not meet the Puans at Red Banks. Ronald Stiebe proposed that Nicolet didn't even go to Lake Michigan, but that the Puans were actually Algonquin people and Nicolet met them at Keweenaw Bay, Michigan. Nancy Oestreich Lurie, of the Milwaukee Public Museum\u2014followed by Patrick J. Jung, of the Milwaukee School of Engineering (PBS video, \"Rethinking Jean Nicolet's Journey to Wisconsin,\" 2014)\u2014concluded that Nicolet actually met the Puans near Menominee, Michigan. Although the Menominee people and the Puans were different tribes, they were allies who jointly controlled access to Green Bay. Also, the Menominee would have been able to serve as interpreters for Nicolet in negotiations with the Puans. Lurie and Jung propose that the main purpose of Nicolet's mission was to establish peace between New France and the Puans and an alliance against the Iroquois people. Jean Nicolet drowned after his boat capsized during a storm while traveling.", "Kaukauna, Wisconsin  Kaukauna () is a city in Outagamie and Calumet counties, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the Fox River, approximately north of Milwaukee. The population was 15,462 at the 2010 census. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. Kaukauna is a Native American word and in various languages means \"portage\", \"long portage\", \"place where pickerel are caught\", and \"place of pike\". This area was traditionally home to the Ho-Chunk and Menominee peoples. The first Europeans in the area were the French. The first Catholic missionary in the area, Fr. Claude Allouez, commented on the \"apple trees and vine stalks in abundance\" that he found the people of Kaukauna cultivating. Kaukuana became an outpost of trade in Green Bay and saw much intermarriage between French and Menominee people, leading to a M\u00e9tis culture which produced local leaders such as Augustin Grignon. In 1836, following years of negotiations about how to accommodate the Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Brothertown peoples who were removed from New York, the Menominee ceded over four million acres of land to the United States in the Treaty of the Cedars. Grignon of Kaukuana was one of the signatories of the treaty. Prior to 1880, and shortly afterwards, Kaukauna was known as \"The Lion on the Fox\". This nickname was changed to \"The Electric City\" upon the completion of the hydroelectric plant. When the city was incorporated in 1885, it was separated from the adjacent rural parts of the town. The first recorded land deed in Wisconsin was assigned to Dominique Ducharme in 1793. He obtained from the Menominee Indians for two barrels of rum and other gifts.", "Chevalier Jacob's husband disappeared during a trading trip. She later married his partner William Farnsworth of the American Fur Company. They also had three children together. Marie Antoinette Chevalier Farnsworth continued with the trading post after Farnsworth left the area for the next frontier at Sheboygan. She was known for her business sense, fairness, and influence in the region, as she had ties to both the Menominee and European communities. After her death, Chevalier was buried in Allouez, Wisconsin. In 1987 her descendants had Chevalier reinterred in a sarcophagus at the Forest Home Mausoleum in Marinette. Her original tombstone is on display at the museum on Stephenson Island in Marinette. The site of Marinette was first settled by a small Algonquin band of Menominee people, referred to by the neighboring Ojibwe as \"the wild rice people\" for their staple crop. The band consisted of 40 to 80 men and their families. They lived at the mouth of the Menominee River in the 17th and 18th centuries, which, according to their creation story, was the tribe's place of origin. Before 1830, French Canadians established a fur trading post at the settlement. The first European settler was Stanislaus Chappu, also known as Chappee. After the War of 1812, the United States took over this area and the fur trade. They refused to license Canadian traders to operate on the American side of the border, although prior to the war, they and the Americans had easily passed back and forth across the border. John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company became most prominent in the region, although the fur trade was declining after 1830. In the late 19th century, the city developed rapidly as a port and processing area for lumber harvested in the interior.", "Menominee language  Menominee (also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language spoken by the historic Menominee people of what is now northern Wisconsin in the United States. The federally recognized tribe has been working to encourage revival of use of the language by intensive classes locally and partnerships with universities. Most of the fluent speakers are elderly. Many of the people use English as their first language. The name of the tribe, and the language, \"Oma\u035eeqnomenew\", comes from the word for wild rice. The tribe has gathered and cultivated this native food as a staple for millennia. The Anishinaabe (Ojibwa), their neighbors to the north who also speak an Algonquian language, also use this term for them. The main characteristics of Menominee, as compared to other Algonquian languages, are its extensive use of the low front vowel , its rich negation morphology, and its lexicon. Some scholars (notably Bloomfield and Sapir) have classified it as a Central Algonquian language based on its phonology. For good sources of information on both the Menominee and their language, some valuable resources include Leonard Bloomfield's 1928 bilingual text collection, his 1962 grammar (a landmark in its own right), and Skinner's earlier anthropological work. Menominee is a highly endangered language, with only a handful of fluent speakers left. According to a 1997 report by the Menominee Historic Preservation Office, 39 people spoke Menominee as their first language, all of whom were elderly; 26 spoke it as their second language; and 65 others had learned some of it for the purpose of understanding the language and/or teaching it to others. The Menominee Language & Culture Commission has been established by the Menominee Nation to promote the continued use of the language."], "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#3", "question": "How did the Menominee react?", "rewrite": "How did the Menominee react to meeting European people?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Menominee Restoration Act The Menominee Restoration Act, signed by President of the United States Richard Nixon on December 22, 1973, returned federally recognized sovereignty to the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin. It also restored tribal supervision over property and members, as well as federal services granted to American Indian tribes. The Act officially repealed the \"Termination Act\" of 1954. It also called for the creation of the Menominee Restoration Committee, which would be responsible for drafting new tribal constitutions and serve as an interim authority until an officially elected tribal government was put into place. In addition, all Menominee Indians born after the termination of the action would be added to the tribal roll. Restoration came about as a result of years of poor social and economic conditions that followed the \"Menominee Termination Act\" of 1954. Following termination, all Menominee tribal property was transferred to a new corporation, Menominee Enterprises, Inc. (MEI) and the reservation became a new county for Wisconsin: Menominee County. The least populated and poorest county in Wisconsin, Menominee County was unable to fund the taxes needed to support social services such as schools, utilities and the area hospital. A lumber mill was the area\u2019s main source of employment and it was not able to employ all Menominee. Standards of living and services for Menominee had been significantly lowered and ultimately led to conditions that inspired activism within the community. Activism began when the Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Stockholders (DRUMS) was formed with Jim White and Ada Deer as leaders in the fight against a proposed land development of Legend Lake, a non-Indian owned artificial lake and housing property plan. The selling of land as economic stimulus to non-Indians was a direct result of poor economic conditions that the Menominee had been living in since termination.", "Boletus fagicola Boletus fagicola is a fungus of the genus \"Boletus\" native to the United States. It was first described officially in 1971 by mycologists Alexander H. Smith and Harry Delbert Thiers.", "Menominee, Michigan Menominee is a city in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 8,599 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Menominee County. Menominee is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula, behind Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, and Escanaba. Menominee Township is located to the north of the city, but is politically autonomous. Menominee is part of the Marinette, WI\u2013MI Micropolitan Statistical Area. In historic times, this area was the traditional territory of the Menominee Indian Tribe. The town of Menominee was named after their English name which roughly translates as \"wild rice,\" a nickname given to them by their Ojibwe neighbours based on their cultivation of wild rice as a staple food. In their own language, they are known as \"Mamaceqtaw\" which means simply \"the people\", and the town of Menominee is known as \"Men\u012bk\u0101neh\", which means \"at the good village\". They were removed to west of the Mississippi River and now have a reservation along the Wolf River in North Central Wisconsin after ceding their territory to the United States in the 1836 Treaty of the Cedars. Menominee gained prominence in the 19th century as a lumber town; in its heyday, it produced more lumber than any other city in the United States of America. During this time of prosperity, the Menominee Opera House was built. It is being restored. In the 1910s a cycle car, the \"Dudly Bug\", was manufactured in Menominee.", "In the 21st century, residents of the Menominee reservation at Keshena have held intensive classes for learners of all ages, and have worked with linguists from the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison to document the language and to develop curriculum and learning materials. In 1977, Menominee High School, founded when \"the Indians of the Menominee Reservation separated from the Shawano-Gresham School District to open their own district,\" began to offer Menominee language, drumming, and tribal dance in addition to its academic program. Classes in the Menominee language are available locally at the pre-school, high-school, and adult levels, and at the College of Menominee Nation and University of Wisconsin\u2013Green Bay. In 2012, the Catholic Diocese of Green Bay issued an apology to \"a seventh-grader who was punished after using her native Menominee language in the classroom\" in Shawano, Wisconsin. As of 2013, there are \"six or seven people ... able to be conversational in the language,\" according to an article on the Menominee Place Names Map, a collaborative project at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Stevens Point. Below are the basic orthography and phonemes (represented in IPA) of Menominee. Vowels are slightly nasalized before or after or .   Consonants, including nasals, are palatalized before front vowels and labialized before back vowels. Menominee does not make contrasts between voiced and voiceless stops and voicing from a following vowel may set in before the opening is complete. Syllable structure in Menominee is typically VC(C) or C(C)VC(C); syllables do not end in vowels. Any consonant can begin or end a syllable except \"h\" and \"q\".", "Accomplishments and progress of Native American organizations on the national level inspired change on the local level. It did not take too long for local tribes to begin to establish their own organizations that would benefit them directly. One of the earliest of such organizations was the Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Shareholders (DRUMS) - a citizens' group founded in 1970. It focused on stopping the Legend Lake sales, establishing Menominee control over the Menominee Enterprises, Inc. (MEI), and, eventually, even reversing termination, which was the main purpose of self-determination. DRUMS made an immediate impact. Within months of establishment, the Menominee organized a series of well-planned and smoothly executed demonstrations. In an effort to interrupt the Legend Lake land development, DRUMS picketed Legend Lake's Menominee County sales office and promotional events in nearby cities, such as Milwaukee, Green Bay, and Appleton. In October 1971, DRUMS led an impressive 12-day, from Menominee County, to the state capitol in Madison. Like the other DRUMS protests, the march to Madison, was non-violent but sharp-edged nonetheless. Minnesota Governor Patrick Lucey met with DRUMS leaders and discussed prevalent issues in the Menominee community. Within a month of the march, Governor Lucey visited Menominee County, and consistently supported the Menominee movement. In addition, DRUMS managed to produce a first draft of the Menominee restoration bill by the end of 1971 and by early 1972 the tribe had already obtained an astounding level of support, including the support of Democratic Presidential nominee Henry Jackson. Though it took a prodigious amount of work, the Menominee Restoration Act moved through Congress with rare speed."], "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#4", "question": "How did they \"make thunder\"?", "rewrite": "How did the Menominee people \"make thunder\"?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1634, the Menominee and Ho-Chunk people (along with a band of Potawatomi who had recently moved into Wisconsin) witnessed the French explorer Jean Nicolet's approach and landing. Red Banks, near the present-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, later developed in this area. Nicolet, looking for a Northwest Passage to China, hoped to find and impress the Chinese. As the canoe approached the shore, Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols. For at least forty years in the 20th century, this event was presented in a biased fashion to elementary school students studying Wisconsin history. The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\" John Boatman has said it was more likely the native people feared for the light-skinned man, as he had demonstrated questionable mental faculties. Anyone with local knowledge would know better than to stand up in a canoe on the choppy waters of Green Bay. Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix (1682-1761), a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer, kept a detailed journal of his travels through Wisconsin and Louisiana. In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:  After we had advanced five or six leagues, we found ourselves abreast of a little island, which lies near the western side of the bay, and which concealed from our view, the mouth of a river, on which stands the village of the Malhomines Indians, called by our French \"peuples d'avoines\" or Wild Oat Indians, probably from their living chiefly on this sort of grain.", "He explains \"It's sort of a subliminal thing that you are telling yourself what the song is about somehow, from there I try to make sense of lyrics and make something that does make sense, I don't want to make something that is sort of a stream on conscious sort of thing that has a theme that people can connect to \u2013 I tried to make it so with every song, you know what it's about, not about a million things, just one thing.\" Matheos reiterates that rather than typical songwriting \"starting with a riff or a chord progression, [most songs] start with a sound.\" \"Fire Make Thunder\" was released by Metal Blade Records on March 27, 2012. Once again Moore and Matheos have deliberated and expressed interest in a live performance. Moore said it was something \"always on our minds\" and discussed the idea of performing a live studio version before embarking on any larger scale tours. With no plans yet solidified with the label it remains a possibility. Critical reception for \"Fire Make Thunder\" was generally favorable. Todd Lyons of \"About.com\" gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and described the album as \"evocative progressive metal, with the emphasis on the progressive\" saying it \"melts together from one track to the next to give it an artsy yet satisfying integrity\". Ken McGrath of \"Blistering\" gave the album 7 out of 10, stating that it \"may require a little work initially from the listener\", but called it a \"real charmer of an album\" consisting of \"sepia-toned memory spiral\", \"big, fuzzy guitar chorus [riffs]\" and \"shimmering notes as if water dripping down glass\". \"", "Kaukauna, Wisconsin  Kaukauna () is a city in Outagamie and Calumet counties, Wisconsin, United States. It is situated on the Fox River, approximately north of Milwaukee. The population was 15,462 at the 2010 census. It is a part of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. Kaukauna is a Native American word and in various languages means \"portage\", \"long portage\", \"place where pickerel are caught\", and \"place of pike\". This area was traditionally home to the Ho-Chunk and Menominee peoples. The first Europeans in the area were the French. The first Catholic missionary in the area, Fr. Claude Allouez, commented on the \"apple trees and vine stalks in abundance\" that he found the people of Kaukauna cultivating. Kaukuana became an outpost of trade in Green Bay and saw much intermarriage between French and Menominee people, leading to a M\u00e9tis culture which produced local leaders such as Augustin Grignon. In 1836, following years of negotiations about how to accommodate the Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, and Brothertown peoples who were removed from New York, the Menominee ceded over four million acres of land to the United States in the Treaty of the Cedars. Grignon of Kaukuana was one of the signatories of the treaty. Prior to 1880, and shortly afterwards, Kaukauna was known as \"The Lion on the Fox\". This nickname was changed to \"The Electric City\" upon the completion of the hydroelectric plant. When the city was incorporated in 1885, it was separated from the adjacent rural parts of the town. The first recorded land deed in Wisconsin was assigned to Dominique Ducharme in 1793. He obtained from the Menominee Indians for two barrels of rum and other gifts.", "Fire Make Thunder Fire Make Thunder is the fourth studio album by American progressive rock band OSI, released by Metal Blade Records on March 27, 2012 in Europe and North America. As with the previous albums, both Jim Matheos and Kevin Moore wrote and recorded alone and sent song ideas back and forth for further elaboration. The album was written and recorded throughout most of 2011. Returning as the band's session drummer was Gavin Harrison of Porcupine Tree, this time co-writing one of the tracks with the band. All other instruments and programming were performed by both Matheos and Moore, while vocals and lyrics were handled exclusively by Moore. Critical reception for \"Fire Make Thunder\" was generally positive while the album sold 1,900 copies in the United States in its first week of release and peaked at position No. 18 on the Top New Artist Albums chart. In May 2010 Metal Blade announced they had signed OSI and that guitarist Jim Matheos and keyboardist/vocalist Kevin Moore were currently working on the fourth album originally slated for a late 2010 release. It was not until January 2012 that the fourth album's track list, artwork and release date were revealed. Gavin Harrison of Porcupine Tree was reenlisted to take the role of session drummer with a co-writing credit for \"Enemy Prayer\", which was composed based on Harrison's drum contributions. Unlike previous albums the album marks the first not to feature any additional vocals beyond Moore. Matheos contributed this to the fact that there was ultimately enough material for an entire album and any additional vocals were unnecessary, but the decision to exclude additional vocalists was not necessarily intentional. Moore also stated that the album has a mood of consistency, better production and is more organic and unified than any previous release. Jimmy Ahlander directed a music video for the track \"For Nothing\".", "Menominee language  Menominee (also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language spoken by the historic Menominee people of what is now northern Wisconsin in the United States. The federally recognized tribe has been working to encourage revival of use of the language by intensive classes locally and partnerships with universities. Most of the fluent speakers are elderly. Many of the people use English as their first language. The name of the tribe, and the language, \"Oma\u035eeqnomenew\", comes from the word for wild rice. The tribe has gathered and cultivated this native food as a staple for millennia. The Anishinaabe (Ojibwa), their neighbors to the north who also speak an Algonquian language, also use this term for them. The main characteristics of Menominee, as compared to other Algonquian languages, are its extensive use of the low front vowel , its rich negation morphology, and its lexicon. Some scholars (notably Bloomfield and Sapir) have classified it as a Central Algonquian language based on its phonology. For good sources of information on both the Menominee and their language, some valuable resources include Leonard Bloomfield's 1928 bilingual text collection, his 1962 grammar (a landmark in its own right), and Skinner's earlier anthropological work. Menominee is a highly endangered language, with only a handful of fluent speakers left. According to a 1997 report by the Menominee Historic Preservation Office, 39 people spoke Menominee as their first language, all of whom were elderly; 26 spoke it as their second language; and 65 others had learned some of it for the purpose of understanding the language and/or teaching it to others. The Menominee Language & Culture Commission has been established by the Menominee Nation to promote the continued use of the language."], "answer": {"text": "Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols.", "answer_start": 399}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Menominee react?", "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#5", "question": "Did Nicolet fight the Menominee?", "rewrite": "Did French explorer Jean Nicolet fight the Menominee people?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1634, the Menominee and Ho-Chunk people (along with a band of Potawatomi who had recently moved into Wisconsin) witnessed the French explorer Jean Nicolet's approach and landing. Red Banks, near the present-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, later developed in this area. Nicolet, looking for a Northwest Passage to China, hoped to find and impress the Chinese. As the canoe approached the shore, Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols. For at least forty years in the 20th century, this event was presented in a biased fashion to elementary school students studying Wisconsin history. The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\" John Boatman has said it was more likely the native people feared for the light-skinned man, as he had demonstrated questionable mental faculties. Anyone with local knowledge would know better than to stand up in a canoe on the choppy waters of Green Bay. Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix (1682-1761), a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer, kept a detailed journal of his travels through Wisconsin and Louisiana. In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:  After we had advanced five or six leagues, we found ourselves abreast of a little island, which lies near the western side of the bay, and which concealed from our view, the mouth of a river, on which stands the village of the Malhomines Indians, called by our French \"peuples d'avoines\" or Wild Oat Indians, probably from their living chiefly on this sort of grain.", "Nicolet, Quebec  Nicolet, Quebec is the county seat of Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 7,828. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet. The residents of the town pronounce the final \"t\" in Nicolet, however people outside of the region do not. The town took its name from Jean Nicolet, a French explorer and clerk of the Company of One Hundred Associates, who explored the Great Lakes region west to Wisconsin. Despite never having lived there, he explored the area during the seven years he lived in Trois-Rivi\u00e8res. The area was originally settled by the Abenaki tribe, who knew it as \"Pithigan\" or \"Pithiganek\", meaning \"entrance\". French colonial settlement of Nicolet area began in the late 17th century, with Pierre Monet de Moras constructing a seigneurial manor on what is now known as Moras Island. Rights to the territory of Nicolet was accorded in 1672 by Jean Talon, passing through several hands in the next thirty years. Significant land development began at the opening of the 18th century, with the construction of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Jesuit mission in 1701, a chapel in 1710, a presbytery in 1722, and a second church being raised in 1740. The first Acadian settlers arrived in 1756, after their expulsion by the British, who had defeated the French in the Seven Years' War. During the late 18th century, the area eventually became a major centre for the Acadian diaspora. Some Acadian refugees continued south into the United States. Development continued with the construction of a third church in 1784, the first elementary school in 1801, and establishment of the Nicolet Seminary School in 1803.", "Nicolet (provincial electoral district) Nicolet was a provincial electoral district in the Mont\u00e9r\u00e9gie region of Quebec, Canada. It was created for the 1867 election (and an electoral district of that name existed earlier in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada). It disappeared in the 1973 election and its successor electoral district was Nicolet-Yamaska. Nicolet-Yamaska, in turn, disappeared in the 1981 election and Nicolet reappeared. However, Nicolet's final election was in 1985. It disappeared for good in the 1989 election and its successor electoral district was the re-created Nicolet-Yamaska. It was named in honour of French explorer Jean Nicolet who also worked for the Company of One Hundred Associates in the 17th century.", "So sure was he that he was near the ocean, that he stopped and went back to Quebec to report his discovery of a passage to the \"South Sea,\" unaware that he had just missed finding the upper Mississippi River. In the last couple decades, some have questioned the traditional account of Nicolet's arrival in Green bay, saying that Nicolet was not looking for a route to China, did not wear a Chinese robe, and did not meet the Puans at Red Banks. Ronald Stiebe proposed that Nicolet didn't even go to Lake Michigan, but that the Puans were actually Algonquin people and Nicolet met them at Keweenaw Bay, Michigan. Nancy Oestreich Lurie, of the Milwaukee Public Museum\u2014followed by Patrick J. Jung, of the Milwaukee School of Engineering (PBS video, \"Rethinking Jean Nicolet's Journey to Wisconsin,\" 2014)\u2014concluded that Nicolet actually met the Puans near Menominee, Michigan. Although the Menominee people and the Puans were different tribes, they were allies who jointly controlled access to Green Bay. Also, the Menominee would have been able to serve as interpreters for Nicolet in negotiations with the Puans. Lurie and Jung propose that the main purpose of Nicolet's mission was to establish peace between New France and the Puans and an alliance against the Iroquois people. Jean Nicolet drowned after his boat capsized during a storm while traveling.", "In addition to \"Dukes of Hazzard\", he oversaw \"Scruples\", \"California Fever\" and \"The Pirate\". He died at his home in Tuscany, Italy from pancreatic cancer on October 3, 1994. Paul was first married to Phyllis Carolyn Keune in Cranston, Rhode Island on May 19, 1951. Then his third marriage was to Louise Latham in Hamilton, Texas on July 23, 1968. Paul Romeo Picard is the direct descendant of the French pioneer Philippe Destroismasons dit Picard Senior and his wife Marie Martine Crosnier. He's also a descendant of Zacharie Cloutier, Jean Guyon, and as well as the French explorer Jean Nicolet and Jean's native American spouse Gisis Bahmahmaadjimiwin a.k.a. Jeanne Nipissing through their daughter Madeleine Euphrosine Nicolet. Basically all on his father Romeo Joseph Picard's side of his family. He's also a descendant of Pierre de St. Pierre and French pioneer Jean Pelletier as well as the French pioneer Robert Levesque. So Paul Romeo Picard is basically purely of French Canadian ancestry with small amounts of native American ancestry since Jean Nicolet's native American spouse is the only native American ancestor that can be found in the Picard family's ancestry dating back to the 17th century of Paul R. Picard's family history going back to the native homeland of the Picard family in France. Paul Picard's obituary as published in the Providence Journal. October 4, 1994"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Menominee react?", "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they \"make thunder\"?", "answer": {"text": "Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#6", "question": "Did the Menominee encounter any other specific Europeans?", "rewrite": "Did the Menominee encounter any other Europeans besides the French?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Menominee Indian Reservation The Menominee Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation located in northeastern Wisconsin held in trust by the United States for the Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin. For the most part it is conterminous with Menominee County, Wisconsin and the town of Menominee. It is known in the Menominee language as \"Om\u0101\u0113qnomen\u0113w-Ot\u0101\u0113skonenan\", \"Menominee Thing Set Apart\". It has numerous small pockets of territory that are not considered to be part of the reservation. These pockets amount to 1.14 percent of the county's area; the reservation takes up about 98.86 percent of the county's area. The largest of these pockets is in the western part of the community of Keshena. A section of the reservation is located in the town of Red Springs, in Shawano County, Wisconsin. The reservation has a plot of off-reservation trust land of in Winnebago County to the south, west of the city of Oshkosh. The reservation's total land area is , while Menominee County's land area is . The non-reservation parts of the county are more densely populated than the reservation, with 1,337 (29.3%) of the county's 4,562 total population, as opposed to the reservation's 3,225 (70.7%) population in the 2000 census. (The plot of land in Winnebago County is unpopulated.) The most populous communities are Legend Lake and Keshena. The Menominee operate a number of gambling facilities. The Menominee founded the College of the Menominee Nation, a tribal college, in 1993. It was accredited in 1998. The main campus is in Keshena.", "Accomplishments and progress of Native American organizations on the national level inspired change on the local level. It did not take too long for local tribes to begin to establish their own organizations that would benefit them directly. One of the earliest of such organizations was the Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Shareholders (DRUMS) - a citizens' group founded in 1970. It focused on stopping the Legend Lake sales, establishing Menominee control over the Menominee Enterprises, Inc. (MEI), and, eventually, even reversing termination, which was the main purpose of self-determination. DRUMS made an immediate impact. Within months of establishment, the Menominee organized a series of well-planned and smoothly executed demonstrations. In an effort to interrupt the Legend Lake land development, DRUMS picketed Legend Lake's Menominee County sales office and promotional events in nearby cities, such as Milwaukee, Green Bay, and Appleton. In October 1971, DRUMS led an impressive 12-day, from Menominee County, to the state capitol in Madison. Like the other DRUMS protests, the march to Madison, was non-violent but sharp-edged nonetheless. Minnesota Governor Patrick Lucey met with DRUMS leaders and discussed prevalent issues in the Menominee community. Within a month of the march, Governor Lucey visited Menominee County, and consistently supported the Menominee movement. In addition, DRUMS managed to produce a first draft of the Menominee restoration bill by the end of 1971 and by early 1972 the tribe had already obtained an astounding level of support, including the support of Democratic Presidential nominee Henry Jackson. Though it took a prodigious amount of work, the Menominee Restoration Act moved through Congress with rare speed.", "Menominee, Michigan Menominee is a city in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 8,599 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Menominee County. Menominee is the fourth-largest city in the Upper Peninsula, behind Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, and Escanaba. Menominee Township is located to the north of the city, but is politically autonomous. Menominee is part of the Marinette, WI\u2013MI Micropolitan Statistical Area. In historic times, this area was the traditional territory of the Menominee Indian Tribe. The town of Menominee was named after their English name which roughly translates as \"wild rice,\" a nickname given to them by their Ojibwe neighbours based on their cultivation of wild rice as a staple food. In their own language, they are known as \"Mamaceqtaw\" which means simply \"the people\", and the town of Menominee is known as \"Men\u012bk\u0101neh\", which means \"at the good village\". They were removed to west of the Mississippi River and now have a reservation along the Wolf River in North Central Wisconsin after ceding their territory to the United States in the 1836 Treaty of the Cedars. Menominee gained prominence in the 19th century as a lumber town; in its heyday, it produced more lumber than any other city in the United States of America. During this time of prosperity, the Menominee Opera House was built. It is being restored. In the 1910s a cycle car, the \"Dudly Bug\", was manufactured in Menominee.", "In the 21st century, residents of the Menominee reservation at Keshena have held intensive classes for learners of all ages, and have worked with linguists from the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison to document the language and to develop curriculum and learning materials. In 1977, Menominee High School, founded when \"the Indians of the Menominee Reservation separated from the Shawano-Gresham School District to open their own district,\" began to offer Menominee language, drumming, and tribal dance in addition to its academic program. Classes in the Menominee language are available locally at the pre-school, high-school, and adult levels, and at the College of Menominee Nation and University of Wisconsin\u2013Green Bay. In 2012, the Catholic Diocese of Green Bay issued an apology to \"a seventh-grader who was punished after using her native Menominee language in the classroom\" in Shawano, Wisconsin. As of 2013, there are \"six or seven people ... able to be conversational in the language,\" according to an article on the Menominee Place Names Map, a collaborative project at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Stevens Point. Below are the basic orthography and phonemes (represented in IPA) of Menominee. Vowels are slightly nasalized before or after or .   Consonants, including nasals, are palatalized before front vowels and labialized before back vowels. Menominee does not make contrasts between voiced and voiceless stops and voicing from a following vowel may set in before the opening is complete. Syllable structure in Menominee is typically VC(C) or C(C)VC(C); syllables do not end in vowels. Any consonant can begin or end a syllable except \"h\" and \"q\".", "Menominee Restoration Act The Menominee Restoration Act, signed by President of the United States Richard Nixon on December 22, 1973, returned federally recognized sovereignty to the Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin. It also restored tribal supervision over property and members, as well as federal services granted to American Indian tribes. The Act officially repealed the \"Termination Act\" of 1954. It also called for the creation of the Menominee Restoration Committee, which would be responsible for drafting new tribal constitutions and serve as an interim authority until an officially elected tribal government was put into place. In addition, all Menominee Indians born after the termination of the action would be added to the tribal roll. Restoration came about as a result of years of poor social and economic conditions that followed the \"Menominee Termination Act\" of 1954. Following termination, all Menominee tribal property was transferred to a new corporation, Menominee Enterprises, Inc. (MEI) and the reservation became a new county for Wisconsin: Menominee County. The least populated and poorest county in Wisconsin, Menominee County was unable to fund the taxes needed to support social services such as schools, utilities and the area hospital. A lumber mill was the area\u2019s main source of employment and it was not able to employ all Menominee. Standards of living and services for Menominee had been significantly lowered and ultimately led to conditions that inspired activism within the community. Activism began when the Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Stockholders (DRUMS) was formed with Jim White and Ada Deer as leaders in the fight against a proposed land development of Legend Lake, a non-Indian owned artificial lake and housing property plan. The selling of land as economic stimulus to non-Indians was a direct result of poor economic conditions that the Menominee had been living in since termination."], "answer": {"text": "Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix", "answer_start": 997}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Menominee react?", "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they \"make thunder\"?", "answer": {"text": "Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Nicolet fight the Menominee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#7", "question": "Who was Pierre?", "rewrite": "Who was Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1634, the Menominee and Ho-Chunk people (along with a band of Potawatomi who had recently moved into Wisconsin) witnessed the French explorer Jean Nicolet's approach and landing. Red Banks, near the present-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, later developed in this area. Nicolet, looking for a Northwest Passage to China, hoped to find and impress the Chinese. As the canoe approached the shore, Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols. For at least forty years in the 20th century, this event was presented in a biased fashion to elementary school students studying Wisconsin history. The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\" John Boatman has said it was more likely the native people feared for the light-skinned man, as he had demonstrated questionable mental faculties. Anyone with local knowledge would know better than to stand up in a canoe on the choppy waters of Green Bay. Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix (1682-1761), a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer, kept a detailed journal of his travels through Wisconsin and Louisiana. In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:  After we had advanced five or six leagues, we found ourselves abreast of a little island, which lies near the western side of the bay, and which concealed from our view, the mouth of a river, on which stands the village of the Malhomines Indians, called by our French \"peuples d'avoines\" or Wild Oat Indians, probably from their living chiefly on this sort of grain.", "Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix, S.J. (; 1682\u20131761) was a French Jesuit priest, traveller, and historian, often considered the first historian of New France. He had little interest for \"a life of suffering and deprivation for the conversion of Indian souls\", but \"an eager curiosity concerning life\". Charlevoix's name also appears as Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Charlevoix, Pierre De Charlevoix, and Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Charlevoix. Charlevoix was born at Saint-Quentin in the province of Picardy on 24 or 29 October 1682. A descendant from a line of lesser nobility, his father held the post of deputy attorney general. His ancestors had served in positions in \u201cgreat trust and high responsibility\u201d such as legal officers, aldermen, and mayors. On 15 September 1698, at age 16, he entered the Jesuit novitiate in Paris. He studied philosophy at the College Louis-le-Grand from 1700 to 1704. Between 1705 and 1709, Charlevoix was sent for his period of training in the Society called the regency to the Jesuit College in Quebec in the French colony of Canada, where he taught grammar. Upon completion of this stage of his training, Charlevoix returned to the College Louis-le-Grand in Paris to study theology, becoming a professor of \"belles lettres\". One of his students was the young Voltaire, who later developed strong views on New France. (See \"A few acres of snow\".) Charlevoix was ordained as a priest in 1713.", "the 41' UTB and the 25' RB-S are in operation and during the winter months, the 14' ice skiff is put into operation. There is also a U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla based at the Station. Some USCG Auxiliary surface facilities are occasionally moored at Station Charlevoix. Regular intercity passenger train service ended on September 1, 1962 after the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) discontinued Traverse City, Michigan \u2013 Charlevoix \u2013 Petoskey, Michigan service. Freight rail service ended between Charlevoix and Williamsburg, Michigan in 1982 after Chessie System abandoned the track. The state of Michigan purchased the track between Charlevoix and Petoskey from the Chessie System Railroads and contracted Michigan Northern Railway to operate it. This section of track was removed in the 1990s because of a series of washouts and no rail freight customers in Charlevoix. Sections of this rail line now serve as a bicycle trail. The Charlevoix railroad depot has been adapted as a museum of the Charlevoix Historical Society. Charlevoix is named after Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix, a French explorer who travelled the Great Lakes and was said to have stayed the night on Fisherman's Island during a harsh storm. During this time Native Americans were thought to have lived in the Pine River valley. The Odawa and Ojibwe lived throughout northern Michigan prior to European colonization. European-American settlement of Charlevoix was initially by fishermen, who were there by 1852. Soon after its formation in the 1850s, the residents of Charlevoix entered into a short-lived conflict with Jesse Strang, leader and namesake of the Strangite Mormons, and then self-proclaimed 'king' of Beaver Island. Relations between Charlevoix residents and the Strangites were often tense.", "Casino de Charlevoix The Casino de Charlevoix is located in Pointe-au-Pic, now part of La Malbaie, about east of Quebec City. The historic Manoir Richelieu hotel is located right next to the casino. Charlevoix is a very popular tourist destination because of its location, next to the Saint Lawrence River and the Laurentian mountains. Inaugurated on June 24, 1994, the Casino de Charlevoix was established in the Manoir Richelieu's former summer playhouse on the cliffs of Pointe-au-Pic, a panoramic site visited by vacationers for over a century. The current hotel was built in 1928-1929, using the Ch\u00e2teauesque style, by architect John Archibald to replace the original 250 room structure (1899) that was destroyed in a fire. Owned by Canada Steamship Lines, it was sold in 1966 to Warnock Hersey. In 1971, the hotel was sold to Irish football star John Dempsey, then to the provincial government in 1975 and Raymond Malenfant in 1986. In 1998, Loto-Qu\u00e9bec teamed up with Canadian Pacific Hotels and the Solidarity Fund QFL to acquire the Manoir Richelieu (now called Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu), renovate it and expand the Casino de Charlevoix. Reopening in June 1999, the complex has since become a world-class resort. The Casino de Charlevoix also became the first of Qu\u00e9bec's casinos to be linked to a hotel. The Casino de Charlevoix offers more than 20 gaming tables and 800 slot machines. Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu is a hotel with 405 rooms, a Conference Center which accommodates over 1,000 people, a spa, a health club, two all-season outdoor pools, and a 27-hole golf course.", "Le Massif Le Massif de Charlevoix (French ) is a ski area in Quebec, Canada, northeast of Quebec City and directly overlooking the St. Lawrence River. Le Massif de Charlevoix ski area is located in Petite-Rivi\u00e8re-Saint-Fran\u00e7ois, Charlevoix, Quebec, a 50-minute drive from Quebec City. Its vertical drop is , the highest in Eastern Canada and east of the Rockies. It is one of the few ski areas that is accessible from both the base and summit. Skiing season usually lasts from early December to late April. Le Massif de Charlevoix's has an above average annual snowfall compared to other ski areas in Eastern Canada with a five-year average of . While the snow pack at the summit can exceed in a typical winter, the base is near sea level and can quickly begin to melt by April. La Charlevoix, the steepest trail with a pitch of 64%, is home to the only alpine training center east of the Rockies for Canada's athletes. The resort stretches from the top of the escarpment (actually a half-graben) to the bottom where the Saint Lawrence River flows past. Skiing at Le Massif de Charlevoix started at the end of the 1970s, with snowmobiles towing groups of skiers from the main road at the top and a van serving as the lift. In the early 1980s, commercial operations started with la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement du Massif. Starting in 1983\u20131984, school buses were used to drive skiers from the base to the top after each run. In the summer of 1992, two chairlifts were installed: a high-speed quad and a fixed-grip double. The year of 2001 saw significant change for Le Massif de Charlevoix. A new road was built from Route 138 to the top of the mountain."], "answer": {"text": "a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer,", "answer_start": 1047}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Menominee react?", "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they \"make thunder\"?", "answer": {"text": "Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Nicolet fight the Menominee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Menominee encounter any other specific Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix", "answer_start": 997, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#8", "question": "How did he interact with the Menominee?", "rewrite": "How did Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix interact with the Menominee?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix, S.J. (; 1682\u20131761) was a French Jesuit priest, traveller, and historian, often considered the first historian of New France. He had little interest for \"a life of suffering and deprivation for the conversion of Indian souls\", but \"an eager curiosity concerning life\". Charlevoix's name also appears as Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Charlevoix, Pierre De Charlevoix, and Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Charlevoix. Charlevoix was born at Saint-Quentin in the province of Picardy on 24 or 29 October 1682. A descendant from a line of lesser nobility, his father held the post of deputy attorney general. His ancestors had served in positions in \u201cgreat trust and high responsibility\u201d such as legal officers, aldermen, and mayors. On 15 September 1698, at age 16, he entered the Jesuit novitiate in Paris. He studied philosophy at the College Louis-le-Grand from 1700 to 1704. Between 1705 and 1709, Charlevoix was sent for his period of training in the Society called the regency to the Jesuit College in Quebec in the French colony of Canada, where he taught grammar. Upon completion of this stage of his training, Charlevoix returned to the College Louis-le-Grand in Paris to study theology, becoming a professor of \"belles lettres\". One of his students was the young Voltaire, who later developed strong views on New France. (See \"A few acres of snow\".) Charlevoix was ordained as a priest in 1713.", "the 41' UTB and the 25' RB-S are in operation and during the winter months, the 14' ice skiff is put into operation. There is also a U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla based at the Station. Some USCG Auxiliary surface facilities are occasionally moored at Station Charlevoix. Regular intercity passenger train service ended on September 1, 1962 after the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) discontinued Traverse City, Michigan \u2013 Charlevoix \u2013 Petoskey, Michigan service. Freight rail service ended between Charlevoix and Williamsburg, Michigan in 1982 after Chessie System abandoned the track. The state of Michigan purchased the track between Charlevoix and Petoskey from the Chessie System Railroads and contracted Michigan Northern Railway to operate it. This section of track was removed in the 1990s because of a series of washouts and no rail freight customers in Charlevoix. Sections of this rail line now serve as a bicycle trail. The Charlevoix railroad depot has been adapted as a museum of the Charlevoix Historical Society. Charlevoix is named after Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix, a French explorer who travelled the Great Lakes and was said to have stayed the night on Fisherman's Island during a harsh storm. During this time Native Americans were thought to have lived in the Pine River valley. The Odawa and Ojibwe lived throughout northern Michigan prior to European colonization. European-American settlement of Charlevoix was initially by fishermen, who were there by 1852. Soon after its formation in the 1850s, the residents of Charlevoix entered into a short-lived conflict with Jesse Strang, leader and namesake of the Strangite Mormons, and then self-proclaimed 'king' of Beaver Island. Relations between Charlevoix residents and the Strangites were often tense.", "Casino de Charlevoix The Casino de Charlevoix is located in Pointe-au-Pic, now part of La Malbaie, about east of Quebec City. The historic Manoir Richelieu hotel is located right next to the casino. Charlevoix is a very popular tourist destination because of its location, next to the Saint Lawrence River and the Laurentian mountains. Inaugurated on June 24, 1994, the Casino de Charlevoix was established in the Manoir Richelieu's former summer playhouse on the cliffs of Pointe-au-Pic, a panoramic site visited by vacationers for over a century. The current hotel was built in 1928-1929, using the Ch\u00e2teauesque style, by architect John Archibald to replace the original 250 room structure (1899) that was destroyed in a fire. Owned by Canada Steamship Lines, it was sold in 1966 to Warnock Hersey. In 1971, the hotel was sold to Irish football star John Dempsey, then to the provincial government in 1975 and Raymond Malenfant in 1986. In 1998, Loto-Qu\u00e9bec teamed up with Canadian Pacific Hotels and the Solidarity Fund QFL to acquire the Manoir Richelieu (now called Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu), renovate it and expand the Casino de Charlevoix. Reopening in June 1999, the complex has since become a world-class resort. The Casino de Charlevoix also became the first of Qu\u00e9bec's casinos to be linked to a hotel. The Casino de Charlevoix offers more than 20 gaming tables and 800 slot machines. Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu is a hotel with 405 rooms, a Conference Center which accommodates over 1,000 people, a spa, a health club, two all-season outdoor pools, and a 27-hole golf course.", "Le Massif Le Massif de Charlevoix (French ) is a ski area in Quebec, Canada, northeast of Quebec City and directly overlooking the St. Lawrence River. Le Massif de Charlevoix ski area is located in Petite-Rivi\u00e8re-Saint-Fran\u00e7ois, Charlevoix, Quebec, a 50-minute drive from Quebec City. Its vertical drop is , the highest in Eastern Canada and east of the Rockies. It is one of the few ski areas that is accessible from both the base and summit. Skiing season usually lasts from early December to late April. Le Massif de Charlevoix's has an above average annual snowfall compared to other ski areas in Eastern Canada with a five-year average of . While the snow pack at the summit can exceed in a typical winter, the base is near sea level and can quickly begin to melt by April. La Charlevoix, the steepest trail with a pitch of 64%, is home to the only alpine training center east of the Rockies for Canada's athletes. The resort stretches from the top of the escarpment (actually a half-graben) to the bottom where the Saint Lawrence River flows past. Skiing at Le Massif de Charlevoix started at the end of the 1970s, with snowmobiles towing groups of skiers from the main road at the top and a van serving as the lift. In the early 1980s, commercial operations started with la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement du Massif. Starting in 1983\u20131984, school buses were used to drive skiers from the base to the top after each run. In the summer of 1992, two chairlifts were installed: a high-speed quad and a fixed-grip double. The year of 2001 saw significant change for Le Massif de Charlevoix. A new road was built from Route 138 to the top of the mountain.", "In 1634, the Menominee and Ho-Chunk people (along with a band of Potawatomi who had recently moved into Wisconsin) witnessed the French explorer Jean Nicolet's approach and landing. Red Banks, near the present-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, later developed in this area. Nicolet, looking for a Northwest Passage to China, hoped to find and impress the Chinese. As the canoe approached the shore, Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols. For at least forty years in the 20th century, this event was presented in a biased fashion to elementary school students studying Wisconsin history. The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\" John Boatman has said it was more likely the native people feared for the light-skinned man, as he had demonstrated questionable mental faculties. Anyone with local knowledge would know better than to stand up in a canoe on the choppy waters of Green Bay. Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix (1682-1761), a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer, kept a detailed journal of his travels through Wisconsin and Louisiana. In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:  After we had advanced five or six leagues, we found ourselves abreast of a little island, which lies near the western side of the bay, and which concealed from our view, the mouth of a river, on which stands the village of the Malhomines Indians, called by our French \"peuples d'avoines\" or Wild Oat Indians, probably from their living chiefly on this sort of grain."], "answer": {"text": "In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"", "answer_start": 1191}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Menominee react?", "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they \"make thunder\"?", "answer": {"text": "Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Nicolet fight the Menominee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Menominee encounter any other specific Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix", "answer_start": 997, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Pierre?", "answer": {"text": "a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer,", "answer_start": 1047, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#9", "question": "Why did he refer to them as Malhomines?", "rewrite": "Why did Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix call the Menominee people Malhomines?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["the 41' UTB and the 25' RB-S are in operation and during the winter months, the 14' ice skiff is put into operation. There is also a U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla based at the Station. Some USCG Auxiliary surface facilities are occasionally moored at Station Charlevoix. Regular intercity passenger train service ended on September 1, 1962 after the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) discontinued Traverse City, Michigan \u2013 Charlevoix \u2013 Petoskey, Michigan service. Freight rail service ended between Charlevoix and Williamsburg, Michigan in 1982 after Chessie System abandoned the track. The state of Michigan purchased the track between Charlevoix and Petoskey from the Chessie System Railroads and contracted Michigan Northern Railway to operate it. This section of track was removed in the 1990s because of a series of washouts and no rail freight customers in Charlevoix. Sections of this rail line now serve as a bicycle trail. The Charlevoix railroad depot has been adapted as a museum of the Charlevoix Historical Society. Charlevoix is named after Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix, a French explorer who travelled the Great Lakes and was said to have stayed the night on Fisherman's Island during a harsh storm. During this time Native Americans were thought to have lived in the Pine River valley. The Odawa and Ojibwe lived throughout northern Michigan prior to European colonization. European-American settlement of Charlevoix was initially by fishermen, who were there by 1852. Soon after its formation in the 1850s, the residents of Charlevoix entered into a short-lived conflict with Jesse Strang, leader and namesake of the Strangite Mormons, and then self-proclaimed 'king' of Beaver Island. Relations between Charlevoix residents and the Strangites were often tense.", "Le Massif Le Massif de Charlevoix (French ) is a ski area in Quebec, Canada, northeast of Quebec City and directly overlooking the St. Lawrence River. Le Massif de Charlevoix ski area is located in Petite-Rivi\u00e8re-Saint-Fran\u00e7ois, Charlevoix, Quebec, a 50-minute drive from Quebec City. Its vertical drop is , the highest in Eastern Canada and east of the Rockies. It is one of the few ski areas that is accessible from both the base and summit. Skiing season usually lasts from early December to late April. Le Massif de Charlevoix's has an above average annual snowfall compared to other ski areas in Eastern Canada with a five-year average of . While the snow pack at the summit can exceed in a typical winter, the base is near sea level and can quickly begin to melt by April. La Charlevoix, the steepest trail with a pitch of 64%, is home to the only alpine training center east of the Rockies for Canada's athletes. The resort stretches from the top of the escarpment (actually a half-graben) to the bottom where the Saint Lawrence River flows past. Skiing at Le Massif de Charlevoix started at the end of the 1970s, with snowmobiles towing groups of skiers from the main road at the top and a van serving as the lift. In the early 1980s, commercial operations started with la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de d\u00e9veloppement du Massif. Starting in 1983\u20131984, school buses were used to drive skiers from the base to the top after each run. In the summer of 1992, two chairlifts were installed: a high-speed quad and a fixed-grip double. The year of 2001 saw significant change for Le Massif de Charlevoix. A new road was built from Route 138 to the top of the mountain.", "Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix Pierre Fran\u00e7ois Xavier de Charlevoix, S.J. (; 1682\u20131761) was a French Jesuit priest, traveller, and historian, often considered the first historian of New France. He had little interest for \"a life of suffering and deprivation for the conversion of Indian souls\", but \"an eager curiosity concerning life\". Charlevoix's name also appears as Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Charlevoix, Pierre De Charlevoix, and Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Charlevoix. Charlevoix was born at Saint-Quentin in the province of Picardy on 24 or 29 October 1682. A descendant from a line of lesser nobility, his father held the post of deputy attorney general. His ancestors had served in positions in \u201cgreat trust and high responsibility\u201d such as legal officers, aldermen, and mayors. On 15 September 1698, at age 16, he entered the Jesuit novitiate in Paris. He studied philosophy at the College Louis-le-Grand from 1700 to 1704. Between 1705 and 1709, Charlevoix was sent for his period of training in the Society called the regency to the Jesuit College in Quebec in the French colony of Canada, where he taught grammar. Upon completion of this stage of his training, Charlevoix returned to the College Louis-le-Grand in Paris to study theology, becoming a professor of \"belles lettres\". One of his students was the young Voltaire, who later developed strong views on New France. (See \"A few acres of snow\".) Charlevoix was ordained as a priest in 1713.", "Casino de Charlevoix The Casino de Charlevoix is located in Pointe-au-Pic, now part of La Malbaie, about east of Quebec City. The historic Manoir Richelieu hotel is located right next to the casino. Charlevoix is a very popular tourist destination because of its location, next to the Saint Lawrence River and the Laurentian mountains. Inaugurated on June 24, 1994, the Casino de Charlevoix was established in the Manoir Richelieu's former summer playhouse on the cliffs of Pointe-au-Pic, a panoramic site visited by vacationers for over a century. The current hotel was built in 1928-1929, using the Ch\u00e2teauesque style, by architect John Archibald to replace the original 250 room structure (1899) that was destroyed in a fire. Owned by Canada Steamship Lines, it was sold in 1966 to Warnock Hersey. In 1971, the hotel was sold to Irish football star John Dempsey, then to the provincial government in 1975 and Raymond Malenfant in 1986. In 1998, Loto-Qu\u00e9bec teamed up with Canadian Pacific Hotels and the Solidarity Fund QFL to acquire the Manoir Richelieu (now called Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu), renovate it and expand the Casino de Charlevoix. Reopening in June 1999, the complex has since become a world-class resort. The Casino de Charlevoix also became the first of Qu\u00e9bec's casinos to be linked to a hotel. The Casino de Charlevoix offers more than 20 gaming tables and 800 slot machines. Fairmont Le Manoir Richelieu is a hotel with 405 rooms, a Conference Center which accommodates over 1,000 people, a spa, a health club, two all-season outdoor pools, and a 27-hole golf course.", "In 1634, the Menominee and Ho-Chunk people (along with a band of Potawatomi who had recently moved into Wisconsin) witnessed the French explorer Jean Nicolet's approach and landing. Red Banks, near the present-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, later developed in this area. Nicolet, looking for a Northwest Passage to China, hoped to find and impress the Chinese. As the canoe approached the shore, Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols. For at least forty years in the 20th century, this event was presented in a biased fashion to elementary school students studying Wisconsin history. The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\" John Boatman has said it was more likely the native people feared for the light-skinned man, as he had demonstrated questionable mental faculties. Anyone with local knowledge would know better than to stand up in a canoe on the choppy waters of Green Bay. Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix (1682-1761), a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer, kept a detailed journal of his travels through Wisconsin and Louisiana. In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:  After we had advanced five or six leagues, we found ourselves abreast of a little island, which lies near the western side of the bay, and which concealed from our view, the mouth of a river, on which stands the village of the Malhomines Indians, called by our French \"peuples d'avoines\" or Wild Oat Indians, probably from their living chiefly on this sort of grain."], "answer": {"text": "(\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:", "answer_start": 1261}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Menominee react?", "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they \"make thunder\"?", "answer": {"text": "Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Nicolet fight the Menominee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Menominee encounter any other specific Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix", "answer_start": 997, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Pierre?", "answer": {"text": "a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer,", "answer_start": 1047, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he interact with the Menominee?", "answer": {"text": "In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"", "answer_start": 1191, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8dea77e9fe2742e5925cebb59f48da41_1_q#10", "question": "What Ojibwe term?", "rewrite": "What Ojibwe term did the French adapt for peuples d'avoines?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["An Ojibwe pidgin language is discussed at Ojibwe language: Broken Ogghibbeway, and the use of various dialects of Ojibwe as lingua franca is at Ojibwe language: Lingua franca. Ojibwe borrowed words are found in Menominee and Michif; for discussion see Ojibwe language: Ojibwe influence on other languages. The recognized dialects of Ojibwe are spoken in the region surrounding the Great Lakes, in Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, with other groups of speakers in western Qu\u00e9bec in the area along the Qu\u00e9bec-Ontario border, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and a few communities in Alberta, North Dakota, Montana, British Columbia, Oklahoma and Kansas. While there is some variation in the classification of Ojibwe dialects, at a minimum the following are recognized, proceeding west to east: Western Ojibwe (Saulteaux), Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa), Northwestern Ojibwe, Severn Ojibwe (Oji-Cree), Ottawa (Odawa), Eastern Ojibwe, and Algonquin. Field research conducted in the 1980s and 1990s led to the recognition of several other dialects: (a) Berens Ojibwe along the Berens River in northwestern Ontario, to be distinguished from Northwestern Ojibwe; (b) Border Lakes Ojibwe, in western Ontario in the area bounded by the borders of Ontario, Manitoba, and Minnesota; (c) North of (Lake) Superior; and (d) Nipissing. Some sources recognize a Central Ojibwe dialect, covering approximately the same territory as North of (Lake) Superior and Nipissing. In this article the analysis in which Central Ojibwe is not recognized is accepted.", "Totem A totem (Ojibwe \"doodem\") is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe. While the term \"totem\" is derived from the North American Ojibwe language, belief in tutelary spirits and deities is not limited to indigenous peoples of the Americas but common to a number of cultures worldwide. However, the traditional people of those cultures have words for their guardian spirits in their own languages, and do not call these spirits or symbols \"totems\". Contemporary neoshamanic, New Age, and mythopoetic men's movements not otherwise involved in the practice of a tribal religion have been known to use \"totem\" terminology for the personal identification with a tutelary spirit or guide, however this is generally seen by the originating cultures as cultural misappropriation. The spiritual, mutual relationships between Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders and the natural world are often described as totems. Many Indigenous groups object to using the imported Ojibwe term \"totem\" to describe a pre-existing and independent practice, although others use the term. The term \"token\" has replaced \"totem\" in some areas. In some cases, such as the Yuin of coastal New South Wales, a person may have multiple totems of different types (personal, family or clan, gender, tribal and ceremonial). The \"lakinyeri\" or clans of the Ngarrindjeri were each associated with one or two plant or animal totems, called \"ngaitji\". Totems are sometimes attached to moiety relations (such as in the case of Wangarr relationships for the Yolngu).", "In 1634, the Menominee and Ho-Chunk people (along with a band of Potawatomi who had recently moved into Wisconsin) witnessed the French explorer Jean Nicolet's approach and landing. Red Banks, near the present-day city of Green Bay, Wisconsin, later developed in this area. Nicolet, looking for a Northwest Passage to China, hoped to find and impress the Chinese. As the canoe approached the shore, Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols. For at least forty years in the 20th century, this event was presented in a biased fashion to elementary school students studying Wisconsin history. The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\" John Boatman has said it was more likely the native people feared for the light-skinned man, as he had demonstrated questionable mental faculties. Anyone with local knowledge would know better than to stand up in a canoe on the choppy waters of Green Bay. Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix (1682-1761), a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer, kept a detailed journal of his travels through Wisconsin and Louisiana. In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:  After we had advanced five or six leagues, we found ourselves abreast of a little island, which lies near the western side of the bay, and which concealed from our view, the mouth of a river, on which stands the village of the Malhomines Indians, called by our French \"peuples d'avoines\" or Wild Oat Indians, probably from their living chiefly on this sort of grain.", "Ottawa and the neighboring Eastern Ojibwe dialect are characterized by extensive vowel Syncope, which deletes metrically weak short vowels. The most general term for the Ottawa dialect is \"Nishnaabemwin,\" which is also applied to Eastern Ojibwe. The term \"Daawaamwin\" ' (speaking the) Ottawa language' is also used to refer specifically to Ottawa. Ottawa is generally written with a version of the Double vowel writing system. The Eastern Ojibwe dialect is spoken east of Georgian Bay, Ontario. The main Eastern Ojibwe communities are Curve Lake, Ontario and Rama, Ontario. Eastern Ojibwe and the neighboring Ottawa dialect are characterized by extensive vowel Syncope, which deletes metrically weak short vowels. The most general term for the Eastern Ojibwe dialect is \"Nishnaabemwin,\" which is also applied to Ottawa. The term \"Jibwemwin\" '(speaking the) Ojibwe language' is not restricted to a specific dialect; a recent Eastern Ojibwe dictionary notes that \"Jibwemwin\" and \"Nishnaabemwin\" are interchangeable. Eastern Ojibwe is generally written with a version of the Double vowel writing system. Southwestern Ojibwe is spoken in Minnesota and Wisconsin. This dialect is also referred in English as \"Chippewa\". The general Ojibwe term \"Anishinaabemowin\" is applied to this dialect. Southwestern Ojibwe is most generally written using the Double vowel writing system. There is no Ethnologue entry or ISO 639-3 code for this dialect of Ojibwe. Border Lakes Ojibwe is spoken in the Lake of the Woods area of Ontario near the borders of Ontario, Minnesota, and Manitoba.", "A widespread pattern of asymmetrical bilingualism is found in the area south of the Great Lakes in which speakers of Potawatomi or Menominee, both Algonquian languages, also spoke Ojibwe, but Ojibwe speakers did not speak the other languages. It is known that some speakers of Menominee also speak Ojibwe and that the pattern persisted into the 20th century. Similarly, bilingualism in Ojibwe is still common among Potawatomis who speak Potawatomi. Reports from traders and travellers as early as 1744 indicate that speakers of Menominee, another Algonquian language, used Ojibwe as a \"lingua franca\". Other reports from the 18th century and the early 19th century indicate that speakers of the unrelated Siouan language Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) also used Ojibwe when dealing with Europeans and others. Other reports indicate that agents of the American government at Green Bay, Wisconsin spoke Ojibwe in their interactions with Menominee, with other reports indicating that \"the Chippewa, Menominee, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Sac, and Fox tribes used Ojibwe in intertribal communication...\" Some reports indicate that farther west, speakers of non-Algonquian languages such as Ho-Chunk (Winnebago), Iowa, and Pawnee spoke Ojibwe as an \"acquired language.\" Michif is a mixed language that primarily is based upon French and Plains Cree, with some vocabulary from Ojibwe, in addition to phonological influence in Michif-speaking communities where there is a significant Ojibwe influence. In locations such as Turtle Mountain, North Dakota individuals of Ojibwe ancestry now speak Michif and Ojibwe."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Menominee people first encounter Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "1634,", "answer_start": 3, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which country were the Europeans from?", "answer": {"text": "French", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were the French there?", "answer": {"text": "French explorer Jean Nicolet's", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the Menominee react?", "answer": {"text": "The Native people were said to fear \"the light-skinned man who could make thunder.\"", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they \"make thunder\"?", "answer": {"text": "Nicolet put on a silk Chinese ceremonial robe, stood up in the middle of the canoe and shot off two pistols.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Nicolet fight the Menominee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the Menominee encounter any other specific Europeans?", "answer": {"text": "Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix", "answer_start": 997, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was Pierre?", "answer": {"text": "a French Catholic clergyman, professor, historian, author and explorer,", "answer_start": 1047, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he interact with the Menominee?", "answer": {"text": "In 1721 he came upon the Menominee, whom he referred to as Malhomines (\"", "answer_start": 1191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he refer to them as Malhomines?", "answer": {"text": "(\"peuples d'avoines\" or (Wild Oat Indians), which the French had adapted from an Ojibwe term:", "answer_start": 1261, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cbe0c12436a7458182cd88a2ea018a4f_0_q#0", "question": "When did the Minit and Instant Records become popular?", "rewrite": "When did the Minit and Instant Records become popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Minit Records Minit Records was an American independent record label, originally based in New Orleans and founded by Joe Banashak in 1959. Ernie K. Doe, Aaron Neville, Irma Thomas, and Benny Spellman were early artists on the label. Later artist included Bobby Womack and Ike & Tina Turner. Allen Toussaint was responsible for much of the label's early success, he wrote, produced, arranged and played piano on a number of tracks. The label's first hit was Toussaint's production of \"Ooh Poo Pah Doo - Part 2\" by Jessie Hill in 1960. After making a distribution deal with Imperial Records, the label released its biggest hit, \"Mother-in Law\" by Ernie K-Doe reached the top of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the R&B singles chart in 1961. When Allen Toussaint was drafted into the Army in 1963, the hits dried up and the label was sold to Imperial. Banashak also owned Instant Records, which he kept. Minit was acquired by Liberty Records in 1963 as part of its acquisition of Imperial Records. In 1968, Liberty was bought by Transamerica Corporation and combined with United Artists Records. Two years later Imperial and Minit were shut down and transferred to Liberty. In 1971, Liberty and its remaining labels (except for Soul City, whose catalog was sold to Bell Records) were absorbed into United Artists. In 1979, EMI purchased United Artists. The Minit catalog is currently owned by UMG, successor-in-interest to previous owner EMI.", "Minit Mart Foods Inc.  Minit Mart LLC is a chain of convenience stores operating in South central and Western Kentucky, Northern middle Tennessee, Eastern Wisconsin, Kansas City, Northeast Illinois, and Northeast Ohio. Its corporate offices are located in Cincinnati, OH, and the chain consists of 231 locations scattered around the United States. In 1967, Fred Higgins, and his father, Ralph, founded a convenience store, known by the name of Minit Mart. By the time Fred graduated from the law school at the University of Kentucky in the spring of 1969, he expanded the operation to a chain of six locations in the metro Lexington area. Fred Higgins served in the U.S. Army in the time between 1969 and 1972. When he returned in 1972, Minit Mart Foods became incorporated with 16 locations. After that time, Fred began acquiring single convenience stores and select sites on which to build new locations across Kentucky. During the 1970s, Minit Mart became one of the first convenience store chains to add gas pumps to their locations. an innovation that has changed the way Americans buy gasoline for their transportation vehicles. Marathon brand gasoline has been part of Minit Mart\u2019s offered services since then. Minit Mart has been at the forefront of adding delis and game machines during the same decade. Minit Mart started offering videotaped movie rentals when the VHS format gained popularity in the very late 1970s and early 1980s after it beat out the Betamax videocassette format. DVD movie rentals began to be utilized by Minit Mart around the dawn of the then-new millennium around the year 2000. Ralph Higgins, the co-founder, played an active role in the management of Minit Mart Foods Inc until his 1987 death. Minit Mart began to expand in Tennessee in 1988 after acquiring 19 Bread Box convenience stores. After that point, Minit Mart had 87 stores in Kentucky and Tennessee.", "Instant Records Instant Records was an American independent record label based in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, which was founded in 1961 by Joe Banashak (owner of Minit Records) and Irvin Smith. It was originally called Valiant Records until another Valiant Records threatened to sue and forced the label's renaming to Instant Records. The most successful artist on Instant was Chris Kenner. Several Instant recordings were distributed by Atlantic Records. Skip Easterling's version of Willie Dixon's \"I'm Your Hoochie Koochie Man\" (1970) was Easterling's biggest success, but its release on Instant proved to be the finale of the label's chart career.", "Larry McKinley Larry McKinley (8 December 1927 \u2013 13 December 2013) was a New Orleans-based music promoter, record label co-owner, radio personality and festival icon. He was most well known as the \"Voice of Jazzfest\", co-founder of Minit Records, and the host of several shows on the New Orleans radio stations WNNR-AM and WMRY-FM (now known as WYLD (AM)). McKinley was born on December 13, 1927, in Chicago, Illinois. He spent his early years in the Chicago area and went on to study at Roosevelt University. While studying there in September 1954, he received an internship with the radio station WMRY-FM in New Orleans. He decided to settle there permanently after he covered a speech by Martin Luther King, after which he was quoted having said \"I can't go back I feel like I'm being a part of history here\". In 1959 McKinley's success in hosting the radio station WMRY-FM led to a close friendship with a local businessman named Joe Banashak. Together the two each invested $650 to found a record label called Minit Records. The name came to Banashak when he drove by a restaurant called \"Meal a Minit\". McKinley, who was also promoting local artists, eventually signed Allen Toussaint as the producer for the label. The production efforts of Toussaint earned the label a #1 spot on the national pop and R&B charts through Ernie K-Doe's 1961 hit Mother-in-Law. McKinley went on to briefly own one third of the record label Instant Records but dropped out for reasons that are not entirely clear. After leaving the record label business for good McKinley went back to radio, hosting the popular local radio show \"The Frank and Larry Show\".", "In 1960, Joe Banashak, of Minit Records and later Instant Records, hired Toussaint as an A&R man and record producer. He also did freelance work for other labels, such as Fury. Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists such as Ernie K-Doe, Chris Kenner, Irma Thomas (including \"It's Raining\"), Art and Aaron Neville, the Showmen, and Lee Dorsey, whose first hit \"Ya Ya\" he produced in 1961. The early to mid-1960s are regarded as Toussaint's most creatively successful period. Notable examples of his work are Jessie Hill's \"Ooh Poo Pah Doo\" (written by Hill and arranged and produced by Toussaint), Ernie K-Doe's \"Mother-in-Law\", and Chris Kenner's \"I Like It Like That\". A two-sided 1962 hit by Benny Spellman comprised \"Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)\" (covered by the O'Jays, Ringo Starr, and Alex Chilton) and the simple but effective \"Fortune Teller\" (covered by various 1960s rock groups, including the Rolling Stones, the Nashville Teens, the Who, the Hollies, the Throb, and ex-Searchers founder Tony Jackson). \"Ruler of My Heart\", written under his pseudonym Naomi Neville, first recorded by Irma Thomas for the Minit label in 1963, was adapted by Otis Redding under the title \"Pain in My Heart\" later that year, prompting Toussaint to file a lawsuit against Redding and his record company, Stax (the claim was settled out of court, with Stax agreeing to credit Naomi Neville as the songwriter)."], "answer": {"text": "Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists", "answer_start": 177}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cbe0c12436a7458182cd88a2ea018a4f_0_q#1", "question": "Did Toussaint have other artists he played music with?", "rewrite": "Other than New Orleans R&B artists, did Toussaint play with other artists?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["New Orleans rhythm and blues New Orleans rhythm and blues is a style of rhythm and blues music that originated in the U.S. city of New Orleans. Most popular from 1948 to 1955, it was a direct precursor to rock and roll and strongly influenced ska. Instrumentation typically includes drums, bass, piano, horns, electric guitar, and vocals. The style is characterized by syncopated \"second line\" rhythms, a strong backbeat, and soulful vocals. Artists such as Roy Brown, Dave Bartholomew, and Fats Domino are representative of the New Orleans R&B sound. New Orleans rhythm and blues can be characterized by predominant piano, \"singing\" horns, and call-and-response elements. Clear influences of Kansas City Swing bands can be heard through the extensive use of trumpet and saxophone solos. A \"double\" bass line, when the guitar and bass play in unison, was combined with a strong backbeat to make the music easy to dance to. It is also common to hear the influence of Caribbean rhythms such as the mambo, rhumba, and the calypso. In addition, the usage of blue notes is characteristic. Like most blues, New Orleans R&B typically follows a standard three-stanza form that contains tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords. Within these chords, the three \"blue notes\", also known as flatted notes, are the third, fifth, and seventh scale degrees. In New Orleans R&B, the flatted third is particularly notable. New Orleans Rhythm and blues was pioneered by local barrelhouse pianists Champion Jack Dupree, Archibald, and Professor Longhair. Professor Longhair, otherwise known as \"Fess\", was considerably influential in the development of the New Orleans R&B sound.", "Southern Nights (Allen Toussaint album) Southern Nights is a 1975 R&B concept album by Allen Toussaint. Seminal to the development of New Orleans R&B, Toussaint incorporated into the album elements of funk and soul music, while, according to AllMusic, suggesting neo-psychedelia. Two singles were released in support of the album, \"Country John\" backed with \"When the Party's Over\" and \"Southern Nights\"\u2014Toussaint's signature song\u2014backed with \"Out of the City\". Although neither single charted for Toussaint, \"Southern Nights\" as later covered by Glen Campbell in 1977 reached number one in \"Billboard\"s country, pop and adult contemporary charts. Released in May 1975 by Reprise Records, the album has been subsequently reissued multiple times on both LP and CD. Among the better known songs of the album, \"Southern Nights\" was Toussaint's tribute to evenings spent with his Creole family on a porch in the songwriter's native Louisiana. The song that would become Toussaint's signature song was brought to the attention of Glen Campbell by Campbell-collaborator Jimmy Webb. Campbell released it on an album he titled \"Southern Nights\" in February 1977, whereupon it spent four weeks at the top of the country, pop and adult contemporary charts. Toussaint's version of the song was very different from the \"cheerful catchiness and...bright, colorful feel\" of Campbell's; AllMusic comments in its album review on the \"swirling, trippy arrangement that plays like a heat mirage\" of Toussaint's version, while \"The Times-Picayune\" remarked in 2009 on its \"strange psychedelic-swamp-water sound.\"", "In 1960, Joe Banashak, of Minit Records and later Instant Records, hired Toussaint as an A&R man and record producer. He also did freelance work for other labels, such as Fury. Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists such as Ernie K-Doe, Chris Kenner, Irma Thomas (including \"It's Raining\"), Art and Aaron Neville, the Showmen, and Lee Dorsey, whose first hit \"Ya Ya\" he produced in 1961. The early to mid-1960s are regarded as Toussaint's most creatively successful period. Notable examples of his work are Jessie Hill's \"Ooh Poo Pah Doo\" (written by Hill and arranged and produced by Toussaint), Ernie K-Doe's \"Mother-in-Law\", and Chris Kenner's \"I Like It Like That\". A two-sided 1962 hit by Benny Spellman comprised \"Lipstick Traces (on a Cigarette)\" (covered by the O'Jays, Ringo Starr, and Alex Chilton) and the simple but effective \"Fortune Teller\" (covered by various 1960s rock groups, including the Rolling Stones, the Nashville Teens, the Who, the Hollies, the Throb, and ex-Searchers founder Tony Jackson). \"Ruler of My Heart\", written under his pseudonym Naomi Neville, first recorded by Irma Thomas for the Minit label in 1963, was adapted by Otis Redding under the title \"Pain in My Heart\" later that year, prompting Toussaint to file a lawsuit against Redding and his record company, Stax (the claim was settled out of court, with Stax agreeing to credit Naomi Neville as the songwriter).", "Allen Toussaint, an important figure in New Orleans R&B, described him as \"The Bach of Rock 'n' Roll\". He combined Caribbean and boogie-woogie rhythms to create his signature style. The result was a usage of polyrhythms that he often whistled while playing. Although he was admired by other New Orleans musicians, he did not gain national attention until the end of his career. During his early career, Longhair visited the Caldonia Inn to listen to Dave Bartholomew's band. When he sat in for Bartholomew's pianist, a large crowd suddenly flooded the venue. He then decided to start his own band called the Four Hairs combo. Soon after, the band recorded their first four tunes at the Hi-Hat club for the Star Talent Label. In 1950, Longhair worked briefly with Mercury Records and recorded \"Baldheaded\". The song reached No.5 on \"Billboard's\" R&B chart. Due to financial complications, his work with Mercury was cut short. During the 1950s, he worked with Atlantic Records and recorded \"Tipitina\", which at the time was only a local hit, but today is recognized as a New Orleans R&B classic. There were two types of local pianists in New Orleans; professor pianists and barrelhouse pianists. \"Professors\" were often classically trained and understood music theory. They played in a variety of styles in the brothels of Storyville. Because they were more skilled, audiences expected them play any request that was thrown their way. Notable \"professor\" pianists include Buddy Christian, Clarence Williams, Alton Purnell, Spencer Williams, and Jelly Roll Morton. Barrelhouse pianists were often untrained with little to no background in music theory. They were mostly self-taught and played mostly in a blues style.", "Curley Moore  June \"Curley\" Moore (1943 \u2013 December 14, 1985) was an American R&B singer. He began his music career in New Orleans in 1960, as vocalist with Huey \"Piano\" Smith's band The Clowns. He sang on most of the band's recordings over the next decade. During the 1960s Curley had minor regional solo hits under his own name. Those songs included \"Don't Pity Me\" on SanSu Records, \"Soul Train\" on Hotline Records and \"Get Low Down\" also on SanSu. SanSu was headed by Marshall Sehorn and Allen Toussaint who were prolific producers and writers of many New Orleans R&B 45's issued in the 1960s. The 1970s was a period of struggle for Curley as New Orleans R&B and soul music in general moved toward a harder funk sound and Curley struggled with drugs and gun related issues. An instrumental stab at this harder sound yielded the 45 \"Funky, Yeah\" on the House of the Fox label which became a cult classic for its hard driving heavy psychedelic sound. In 1979, Curley Moore joined a reformed version of the Clowns with Huey \"Piano\" Smith at the 1979 New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival. After serving prison time in the early 1980s, Moore's murdered body was found in Algiers, Louisiana, in December 1985. He was 42 years old."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Minit and Instant Records become popular?", "answer": {"text": "Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cbe0c12436a7458182cd88a2ea018a4f_0_q#2", "question": "How many hits did Toussaint have in his career?", "rewrite": "How many hits did Allen Toussaint have?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Southern Nights (Allen Toussaint album) Southern Nights is a 1975 R&B concept album by Allen Toussaint. Seminal to the development of New Orleans R&B, Toussaint incorporated into the album elements of funk and soul music, while, according to AllMusic, suggesting neo-psychedelia. Two singles were released in support of the album, \"Country John\" backed with \"When the Party's Over\" and \"Southern Nights\"\u2014Toussaint's signature song\u2014backed with \"Out of the City\". Although neither single charted for Toussaint, \"Southern Nights\" as later covered by Glen Campbell in 1977 reached number one in \"Billboard\"s country, pop and adult contemporary charts. Released in May 1975 by Reprise Records, the album has been subsequently reissued multiple times on both LP and CD. Among the better known songs of the album, \"Southern Nights\" was Toussaint's tribute to evenings spent with his Creole family on a porch in the songwriter's native Louisiana. The song that would become Toussaint's signature song was brought to the attention of Glen Campbell by Campbell-collaborator Jimmy Webb. Campbell released it on an album he titled \"Southern Nights\" in February 1977, whereupon it spent four weeks at the top of the country, pop and adult contemporary charts. Toussaint's version of the song was very different from the \"cheerful catchiness and...bright, colorful feel\" of Campbell's; AllMusic comments in its album review on the \"swirling, trippy arrangement that plays like a heat mirage\" of Toussaint's version, while \"The Times-Picayune\" remarked in 2009 on its \"strange psychedelic-swamp-water sound.\"", "American Tunes American Tunes is the final recording from New Orleans jazz and R&B pianist Allen Toussaint, released on Nonesuch Records on June 10, 2016. It was produced by Joe Henry and includes music from a 2013 solo session at the pianist's home studio in New Orleans and an October 2015 session featuring musicians Bill Frisell, Charles Lloyd, Greg Leisz, Jay Bellerose, and David Piltch, with special guest vocalist Rhiannon Giddens and pianist Van Dyke Parks, recorded in Los Angeles the month before Toussaint died. The album title is taken from the 1973 Paul Simon song \"American Tune,\" which Toussaint performs on the album. Also included are songs written or recorded by Toussaint, Professor Longhair, Duke Ellington, Bill Evans, and Fats Waller. Allen Toussaint was due to play with Paul Simon in a New Orleans benefit concert to celebrate the 30th anniversary of New Orleans Artists Against Hunger and Homelessness, an organization Toussaint co-founded, on December 8, 2015; instead, Simon played the concert without Toussaint in tribute to the late musician. \" Allen Toussaint brought New Orleans to the world,\" Simon has said, \"and he left before he could bless us with the complete genius of his music.\"", "Marshall Sehorn Marshall Estus Sehorn (June 25, 1934 \u2013 December 5, 2006) was an American A&R man, songwriter, music publisher and entrepreneur who played an important role in the development of R&B and popular music in New Orleans between the 1950s and 1970s, particularly as the business partner of record producer Allen Toussaint. He was born in Concord, North Carolina, and played guitar in local bands while attending North Carolina State University. After graduating, he moved to New York City in 1958, and joined the A&R staff at Bobby Robinson's Fury and Fire record labels as their Southern promotions executive. He soon discovered singer Wilbert Harrison, whose recording of the Leiber and Stoller song \"Kansas City\" topped the US pop and R&B charts in 1959. The following year he secured another chart-topper for the Fire label, when he signed flamboyant New Orleans singer Bobby Marchan, who had a hit with \"There's Something on Your Mind\". He also discovered Lee Dorsey, pairing him with young songwriter and pianist Allen Toussaint, and helped secure hits for Gladys Knight and the Pips and Buster Brown. He ran sessions for the Fire and Fury labels in New Orleans, until the labels collapsed in 1963. He was credited as co-writer on many recordings including \"One Way Out\", which is usually credited to Sehorn and Elmore James. Sehorn remained in New Orleans after the labels folded, and set up his own music publishing company, Rhinelander Music. He persuaded Toussaint to write new material for Lee Dorsey, which included \"Ride Your Pony\" and \"Working in the Coal Mine\", both of which became international hits. With Toussaint, he founded the Sansu record label, and signed singer Betty Harris.", "It's Raining (Irma Thomas song) \"It's Raining\" is a soul/R&B ballad, credited as written by Naomi Neville. It was first recorded in November 1961 by Irma Thomas, and produced by Allen Toussaint. The song has emotional ties to Louisiana, having been written and sung by people born in that State, being released on a New Orleans\u2013based record label and enduring in the Deep South as a regional classic. \"It's Raining\", alongside \"Ruler of My Heart\" and \"I Done Got Over It\", remain some of Thomas' best\u2013known recordings. Initially Thomas recorded for Ron Records but, in 1961, she left for Minit Records, feeling that her original label did not pay her due royalties. This move paired her with Allen Toussaint, who both wrote and produced most of her work with Minit. As well as \"It's Raining\", Thomas recorded other notable tracks such as \"Time Is on My Side\" and \"Ruler of My Heart. \" The name \"Naomi Neville\" was simply a pseudonym used by Toussaint, on many of his early compositions. Although most of her 1961\u201363 Minit recordings were written and produced by Toussaint, only one of these, \"Two Winters Long\", made the national charts. It spent three weeks on the \"Cashbox\" R&B chart in February 1963, peaking at no. 43. Her version of \"It's Too Soon to Know\" (Minit 633) was another that failed to chart, however all sold well regionally. The origins of the song came when Thomas visited Allen Toussaint's parents' house in New Orleans. Sat at the piano Toussaint composed many of his early songs. Toussaint later stated \"I remember when I was writing", "Lee Dorsey Irving Lee Dorsey (December 24, 1924 \u2013 December 1, 1986) was an American pop and R&B singer during the 1960s. His biggest hits were \"Ya Ya\" (1961) and \"Working in the Coal Mine\" (1966). Much of his work was produced by Allen Toussaint, with instrumental backing provided by The Meters. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, Dorsey was a childhood friend of Fats Domino before moving to Portland, Oregon when he was ten years old. He served in the United States Navy in World War II and then began a career in prizefighting. Boxing as a lightweight in Portland in the early 1950s, he fought under the name Kid Chocolate and was reasonably successful. He retired from boxing in 1955 and returned to New Orleans, where he opened an auto repair business as well as singing in clubs at night. His first recording was \"Rock Pretty Baby/Lonely Evening\" on Cosimo Mattasa's Rex label, in 1958. This was followed by the Allen Toussaint-produced \"Lottie Mo/Lover of Love\", for the small Valiant label in late 1960 (picked up by ABC Paramount in 1961). These efforts were unsuccessful, but around 1960 he was discovered by A&R man Marshall Sehorn, who secured him a contract with Fury Records, owned by Bobby Robinson. After meeting songwriter and record producer Allen Toussaint at a party, he recorded \"Ya Ya\", a song inspired by a group of children chanting nursery rhymes. It went to number seven on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1961, sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Although the follow-up \"Do-Re-Mi\" also made the charts, later releases on Fury were not successful. Dorsey returned to running his repair business, but also released singles on the Smash and Constellation labels in 1963 and 1964."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Minit and Instant Records become popular?", "answer": {"text": "Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Toussaint have other artists he played music with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cbe0c12436a7458182cd88a2ea018a4f_0_q#3", "question": "At what age did Toussaint start playing music?", "rewrite": "At what age did Toussaint start playing music?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Touki Toussaint Dany Gilbert Kiti \"Touki\" Toussaint (; born June 20, 1996) is a Haitian-American professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball (MLB). He was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the first round of the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. Toussaint was born in Pembroke Pines, Florida, to Dany Toussaint and Kahaso Kiti. He is of Haitian and Kenyan descent. Toussaint's nickname, Touki, is a portmanteau of his parents' surnames. The family moved to Haiti when he was three months old. Toussaint and his mother moved back to Florida when he was six. He stopped playing baseball at age 10 due to a strikeout-filled season as a batter, and focused on soccer and hockey only to return to baseball two years later. Toussaint attended Coral Springs Charter School for his freshman year before transferring to Coral Springs Christian Academy also in Coral Springs, Florida. As a junior in 2013, Toussaint was a MaxPreps All-American after he was 6\u20132 with a 0.78 earned run average (ERA) and 83 strikeouts. He also hit .458 with six home runs and 32 runs batted in. He was named Broward County's Class 5A-4A-3A-2A Player of the Year. Toussaint committed to play college baseball at Vanderbilt University. Toussaint was considered one of the top prospects for the 2014 Major League Baseball draft. The Arizona Diamondbacks selected Toussaint in the first round, 16th overall, of the draft. He signed on June 20, agreeing to a $2.7 million signing bonus, and made his professional debut with the Arizona League Diamondbacks on July 2. On August 3, he was promoted to the Missoula Osprey.", "Jean Toussaint Jean Toussaint (born July 27, 1960) is an American jazz tenor and soprano saxophonist. Toussaint was born in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, and was raised in Saint Thomas and New York City. He learned to play calypso as a child and attended Berklee College of Music in the late 1970s, studying under Bill Pierce (saxophonist). In 1979 he formed a group with Wallace Roney and from 1982 to 1986 was a member of Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers alongside Terence Blanchard, Donald Harrison, Mulgrew Miller and Lonnie Plaxico.<ref name=\"Allmusic/bio\"></ref> With Blakey he recorded three studio albums, including \"New York Scene\", which won a Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance. In 1987, Toussaint moved to London when was he invited to be artist-in-residence at the Guildhall School of Music by Lionel Grigson, at the time the school's professor of jazz. In the late 1980s Toussaint had a regular slot at the fabled Dingwalls club in Camden Town on Sunday afternoons. Since then, Toussaint has maintained a profile as a band leader in the UK and Europe, playing with British musicians including, among others, Steve Williamson, Courtney Pine, Julian Joseph, Jason Rebello, Cleveland Watkiss. He has also performed in groups led by McCoy Tyner, Gil Evans, Kirk Lightsey, Cedar Walton, Max Roach, Horace Silver and Jeff Tain Watts. In addition he has collaborated with Lionel Loueke. Toussaint has released ten albums as a leader, his most recent entitled \"Tate Song\" in February 2014 with LYTE Records. In 2015/16 Toussaint devised a project dedicated to his mentor Blakey.", "In August 1793, the new commissioner Sonthonax proclaimed freedom for all slaves in Saint-Domingue, in an effort to counteract a counterrevolutionary white planters' revolt in Le Cap, a British invasion, and a Spanish invasion from neighboring Santo Domingo, as part of the War of the First Coalition. After they abolished slavery, Sonthonax and his fellow commissioner Polverel successfully convinced Toussaint to join the French Republican side of the conflict. Toussaint and Rigaud had become allies by 1794. In early 1795, the French National Convention promoted both men to the rank of brigadier general. By 1798, Toussaint and Rigaud had jointly contained both the external and internal threats to the colony. In April 1798, the British commander Thomas Maitland approached Toussaint to negotiate a British withdrawal, which was concluded in August. In early 1799, Toussaint also independently negotiated \"Toussaint's Clause\" with the U.S., allowing American merchants to trade with Saint-Domingue despite the ongoing Quasi War between the U.S. and France. These developments significantly augmented Toussaint's power and demonstrated his emergence as a \"de facto\" independent ruler. Going forward, Toussaint and Rigaud effectively controlled all of the troops and territory within Saint-Domingue, although the colony was still nominally under French oversight. Toussaint ruled the colony's northern region around Le Cap and the western region around the capital of Port-au-Prince. Meanwhile, Rigaud independently ruled the southern region around Les Cayes, although Toussaint was technically his superior. In July 1798, Toussaint and Rigaud traveled in a carriage together from Port-au-Prince to Le Cap to meet the recently arrived representative Th\u00e9odore-Joseph d'H\u00e9douville, sent by France's new Directory regime.", "In May 2016, comedy impressionist and musician Stevie Riks vocals on his take of David Bowie singing \"My Way\" \u2013 Bowie's attempt to write the song for Frank Sinatra and re-creating it on \"Life on Mars?\" \u2013 were featured around the world \u2013 on the air, online and in print \u2013 by newspapers and trade magazines including \"Rolling Stone\", \"NME\" and \"Billboard\". The confusion caused in the music world began with Riks' vocals being replaced by pictures of Bowie on a YouTube video by an unknown source, credited as Bowie's \"newly discovered, unreleased music\" and had to be subsequently retracted by the media outlets. Tribute acts are not always welcomed by the original acts they are patterned after. In April 2009, Bon Jovi sued the Los Angeles-based all-female tribute Blonde Jovi for copyright infringement. After temporarily using the name Blonde Jersey, the band reverted to Blonde Jovi before disbanding in February 2010. In 2012 the first ever television show dedicated to tribute bands called \"The Tribute Show\" made its debut on Australian cable channel Aurora Community Channel (channel 183) on Foxtel in Australia. The show is still currently on air. In 2013 through 2017, a television series titled \"The World's Greatest Tribute Bands\" appeared on American cable television network AXS TV. Some notable tribute acts include (alphabetically by covered act, and alphabetically for each): Playing music by ABBA: Playing music by AC/DC:   Playing music by Aerosmith: Playing music by Animetal: Playing music by The Band: Playing music by The Beatles: Playing music by Bj\u00f6rk: Playing music by Black Sabbath: Playing music by Bob Dylan: Playing music by The Cure: Playing music by Duran Duran: Playing music by Genesis: Playing music by The Grateful Dead: Playing music by Iron Maiden: Playing music by KISS:", "Playing music by Led Zeppelin: Playing music by Bob Marley: Playing music by Metallica: Playing music by Oasis: Playing music by One Direction: Playing music by the Pet Shop Boys: Playing music by Pink Floyd: Playing music by Queen: Playing music by The Ramones  Playing music by The Rolling Stones: Playing music by The Smiths: Playing music by Siouxsie and The Banshees: Playing music by Styx:  Playing music by George Strait Playing music by Sublime: Playing music by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers: Playing music by The Who  Playing music by Frank Zappa: Some groups have played and recorded music that parodies a specific artist or band, either by performing the original songs with modified lyrics or doing more general stylistic parodies. Examples include The Rutles and Zombeatles (for The Beatles), Beatallica (for The Beatles and Metallica), Take Fat (for Take That), 2 Live Jews (for 2 Live Crew) and The Pizza Underground (for The Velvet Underground). They Might Be Giants has occasionally played their own tribute band, opening for themselves as \"Sapphire Bullets\" and performing the album Flood from start to finish."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did the Minit and Instant Records become popular?", "answer": {"text": "Toussaint played piano, wrote, arranged and produced a string of hits in the early and mid-1960s for New Orleans R&B artists", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Toussaint have other artists he played music with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many hits did Toussaint have in his career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#0", "question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "rewrite": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The official constellation boundaries, as set by Eug\u00e8ne Delporte in 1930, are defined by a polygon of 10 segments. In the equatorial coordinate system, the right ascension coordinates of these borders lie between and , while the declination coordinates are between \u221239.31\u00b0 and \u221257.84\u00b0. This means it remains below the horizon to anyone living north of the 40th parallel in the Northern Hemisphere, and remains low in the sky for anyone living north of the equator. It is most visible from locations such as Australia and South Africa during late Southern Hemisphere spring. Most of the constellation lies within, and can be located by, forming a triangle of the bright stars Achernar, Fomalhaut and Beta Ceti\u2014Ankaa lies roughly in the centre of this. A curved line of stars comprising Alpha, Kappa, Mu, Beta, Nu and Gamma Phoenicis was seen as a boat by the ancient Arabs. French explorer and astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille charted and designated 27 stars with the Bayer designations Alpha through to Omega in 1756. Of these, he labelled two stars close together Lambda, and assigned Omicron, Psi and Omega to three stars, which subsequent astronomers such as Benjamin Gould felt were too dim to warrant their letters. A different star was subsequently labelled Psi Phoenicis, while the other two designations fell out of use. Ankaa is the brightest star in the constellation. It is an orange giant of apparent visual magnitude 2.37 and spectral type K0.5IIIb, 77 light years distant from Earth and orbited by a secondary object about which little is known. Lying close by Ankaa is Kappa Phoenicis, a main sequence star of spectral type A5IVn and apparent magnitude 3.90.", "Alpha Phoenicis Alpha Phoenicis (\u03b1 Phoenicis, abbreviated Alpha Phe or \u03b1 Phe), formally named Ankaa (distinguish Ancha, with the same pronunciation) is the brightest star in the constellation of Phoenix. \"Alpha Phoenicis\" is the star's Bayer designation. It also bore the traditional name Ankaa sometime after 1800, from the Arabic \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \"al-\u02bdanq\u0101\u02bc\" \"the phoenix\" for the name of the constellation. Medieval Arab astronomers formed the constellation of the dhow (where Phoenix is), so another popular name for the star is \"Nair al Zaurak\" from \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0642 \"nayyir az-zawraq\" \"the bright (star) of the skiff\". The Latin translation is \"Cymbae,\" from \"l\u016bcida cumbae\". In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included \"Ankaa\" for this star. In Chinese caused by adaptation of the European southern hemisphere constellations into the Chinese system, (), meaning \"Firebird\", refers to an asterism consisting of \u03b1 Phoenicis, \u03b9 Phoenicis, \u03c3 Phoenicis, \u03b5 Phoenicis, \u03ba Phoenicis, \u03bc Phoenicis, \u03bb Phoenicis, \u03b2 Phoenicis and \u03b3 Phoenicis . Consequently, \u03b1 Phoenicis itself is known as (, .)", "Ankaa (album) Ankaa is the fourth studio album by the French metal band Eths, released on 22 April 2016 via Season of Mist. It is the first full album to feature vocalist Rachel Aspe, as well as the first without second guitarist Gr\u00e9gory \"Greg\" Rouvi\u00e8re and Guillaume \"Yom\" Dupr\u00e9 since Yom rejoined the band in 2011 (the pair left in 2013 and 2015 respectively). For this album, Dirk Verbeuren was hired to perform drum duties despite new drummer RUL joining Eths in 2015. The album's track list and first single \"Alnilam\" were first announced on February 18. On 2 March they released their second song, \"Nihil Sine Causa\", which features additional vocals from Sarah Layssac (Arkan) and Jon Howard (Threat Signal).", "This is a spectroscopic binary star system with components that orbit each other every 3848.8 days (10.5 years). The combined stellar classification of the system is K0.5 IIIb, which matches the spectrum of a normal luminosity giant star. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 2.4, so it is somewhat outshined by its first magnitude neighbors Achernar (\u03b1 Eridani) and Fomalhaut (\u03b1 Piscis Australis). Based upon parallax measurements, this system is at a distance of about from the Earth. The interferometry-measured angular diameter of the primary component, after correcting for limb darkening, is , which, at its estimated distance, equates to a physical radius of about 15 times the radius of the Sun. Ankaa is similar to many of the visible stars of the night sky, being an orange giant of relatively average stellar size. It is currently thought to be in the midst of a short but stable helium burning phase of its stellar evolution, although it probably will not be long in astronomical terms before it sheds its outer layers as a planetary nebula and ends its life quietly as a white dwarf. Ankaa has a small stellar companion, about which little is known. \\end{align}</math></ref>", "Grapevine and the DFW Lakes Hilton complex also lay adjacent to Grapevine Mills and Bass Pro Shops. In addition to these areas, Main Street in historic downtown Grapevine is a popular attraction. City Hall, the Grapevine Convention and Visitor's Bureau, public library, and recreation center are on Main Street in addition to many small businesses. These include antique stores, restaurants, bars, theaters, a park, and many specialty shops. The Grapevine Vintage Railroad follows a historic route between Grapevine and the Fort Worth Stockyards, departing from a station on South Main Street. The city is also the home of several wineries and tasting rooms to include Umbra Winery as well as the Texas Wine and Grape Growers Association. According to the City's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's top employers are:  GameStop, a national electronics retailer and one of the city's largest corporate employers, is headquartered in Grapevine. As of 2015 Kubota Corp. is establishing a new U.S. headquarters in Grapevine, moving about 350 employees from California and spending $51 million. The facility at 1639 West 23rd Street is on the property of DFW Airport and in Grapevine. Tenants include China Airlines, Lufthansa Cargo, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Historically, Grapevine was the headquarters of a collection of now-defunct air carriers. In 1978 Braniff Place, the final world headquarters for Braniff International Airways, was built in what is now Grapevine, on the grounds of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Following Braniff's 1982 bankruptcy, the structure is now known as Verizon Place. In the 1990s Metro Airlines maintained its main offices in the city of Grapevine, as did Kitty Hawk Aircargo for a time. Two grade-separated highways run through the city."], "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#1", "question": "What other recordings did they make?", "rewrite": "What other recordings did Motown make besides the Grapevin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2018 Mercedes-Benz Challenge season The 2018 Mercedes-Benz Challenge is the eighth season of the Mercedes-Benz Challenge. Fernando J\u00fanior is the defending champion in the CLA AMG Cup whilst Claudio Sim\u00e3o is the defending champion for the C250 Cup class. The entire championship will be accompanied by the Copa Truck in eight of the nine stages of the category, with exercise of the stage of Buenos Aires, counting with a stage in the Aut\u00f3dromo de Rivera in Uruguay.", "In December 1998, PolyGram was acquired by Seagram, and Motown was absorbed into the Universal Music Group. Seagram had purchased Motown's former parent MCA in 1995, and Motown was in effect reunited with many of its MCA corporate siblings (Seagram had hoped to build a media empire around Universal, and started by purchasing PolyGram). Universal briefly considered shuttering the label, but instead decided to restructure it. Kedar Massenburg, a producer for Erykah Badu, became the head of the label, and oversaw successful recordings from Badu, McKnight, Michael McDonald, and new Motown artist India. Arie. Diana Ross, Smokey Robinson, Stevie Wonder, and the Temptations had remained with the label since its early days, although all except Wonder recorded for other labels for several years. Ross left Motown for RCA Records from 1981 to 1988, but returned in 1989 and stayed until 2002, while Robinson left Motown in 1991 (although he did return to release one more album for the label in 1999). The Temptations left for Atlantic Records in 1977, but returned in 1980 and eventually left again in 2004. , Wonder is the only artist from Motown's early period still on the label. In 2005, Massenburg was replaced by Sylvia Rhone, former CEO of Elektra Records. Motown was merged with Universal Records to create the Universal Motown Records and placed under the newly created umbrella division of Universal Motown Republic Group. Notable artists on Universal Motown included Drake Bell, Ryan Leslie, Melanie Fiona, Kelly Rowland, Forever the Sickest Kids, The Veer Union and Four Year Strong. Motown celebrated its 50th anniversary on January 12, 2009. In the Summer of 2011, Universal Motown reverted back to the Motown brand after having been separated from Universal Motown Republic Group, hired Ethiopia Habtemariam as its Senior Vice President, and operated under The Island Def Jam Music Group.", "Etioplast  Etioplasts are chloroplasts that have not been exposed to light. They are usually found in flowering plants (Angiosperms) grown in the dark. If a plant is kept out of light for several days, its normal chloroplasts will actually convert into etioplasts. Etioplasts lack active pigment and can technically be considered leucoplasts. High concentrations of etioplasts will cause leaves to appear yellow rather than green. These plant organelles contain prolamellar bodies, which are membrane aggregations of semi-crystalline lattices of branched tubules that carry the precursor pigment for chlorophyll. The prolamellar bodies are often (and presumed always) arranged in geometric patterns. They are converted to chloroplasts via the stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis by the plant hormone cytokinin soon after exposure to light. Thylakoids and grana arise from the prolamellar bodies during this process.", "Etioplasts, which are pre-granal, immature chloroplasts but can also be chloroplasts that have been deprived of light, lack active pigment and can be considered leucoplasts. After several minutes exposure to light, etioplasts begin to transform into functioning chloroplasts and cease being leucoplasts. Amyloplasts are of large size and store starch. Proteinoplasts store proteins and are found in seeds (pulses). Elaioplasts store fats and oils and are found in seeds. They are also called oleosomes. [castor, groundnut] Etioplasts are plastids without pigments and store food and lamellar structures. These plastids occur in etiolated plants due to the absence of light.", "Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts, but become more common when the chloroplast is under oxidative stress, or when it ages and transitions into a gerontoplast. Plastoglobuli also exhibit a greater size variation under these conditions. They are also common in etioplasts, but decrease in number as the etioplasts mature into chloroplasts. Plastoglubuli contain both structural proteins and enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism. They contain many types of lipids including plastoquinone, vitamin E, carotenoids and chlorophylls. Plastoglobuli were once thought to be free-floating in the stroma, but it is now thought that they are permanently attached either to a thylakoid or to another plastoglobulus attached to a thylakoid, a configuration that allows a plastoglobulus to exchange its contents with the thylakoid network. In normal green chloroplasts, the vast majority of plastoglobuli occur singularly, attached directly to their parent thylakoid. In old or stressed chloroplasts, plastoglobuli tend to occur in linked groups or chains, still always anchored to a thylakoid. Plastoglobuli form when a bubble appears between the layers of the lipid bilayer of the thylakoid membrane, or bud from existing plastoglubuli\u2014though they never detach and float off into the stroma. Practically all plastoglobuli form on or near the highly curved edges of the thylakoid disks or sheets. They are also more common on stromal thylakoids than on granal ones."], "answer": {"text": "The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers,", "answer_start": 99}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#2", "question": "Did that recording go missing?", "rewrite": "Didwith the Miracles recording go missing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In most parts of the world, criminal abductions make up only a small percentage of missing person cases and, in turn, most of these abductions are by someone who knows the child (such as a non-custodial parent). A child staying too long with a non-custodial parent can be enough to qualify as an abduction. During the year 1999 in the United States, there were 800,000 reported missing children cases. Of these, 203,900 children were reported as the victims of family abductions and 58,200 of non-family abductions. However, only 115 were the result of \"stereotypical\" kidnaps (by someone unknown or of slight acquaintance to the child, taking them a long distance with intent to murder or to hold them permanently or for ransom). The \"Wall Street Journal\" reported in 2012 that: \"It is estimated that some 8 million children go missing around the world each year. \" The BBC News reported that of the children who go missing worldwide, \"while usually the child is found quickly the ordeal can sometimes last months, even years.\" Over 305,000 people were reported missing in Australia from 2008-2015 (Bricknell, 2017), which is estimated to be one person reported missing every 18 minutes (Henderson, Henderson & Kienan, 2000). Around 38,159 missing person reports are made on average every year in Australia (Bricknell, 2017). James, Anderson and Putt (2008) found that around 12,001 females and 12,505 males went missing in Australia in 2008. Royal Canadian Mounted Police missing child statistics for a ten-year period show a total of 60,582 missing children in 2007. The founder of Jamaica's Hear the Children's Cry, child-rights advocate Betty Ann Blaine, asked the government to introduce missing-children legislation in Jamaica.", "By 1992, LePage's sold 88% of U.S. private label tape, which represented, however, only a small portion of the U.S. transparent tape market. LePage's sold its private label tape to retailers at a lower price to the retailer and the customer than branded tape such as Scotch Tape. In response to the growth of this market segment, 3M entered this submarket with a second, \"off brand\" tape and private-label tape. In addition, 3M engaged in actions allegedly aimed at restricting the availability of cheap off-brand transparent tape to consumers, including establishing a bundling program that prevented LePage's from gaining or maintaining large volume sales. Allegedly, 3M maintained its monopoly by stifling growth of private label tape and by coordinating efforts aimed at large distributors to keep retail prices for Scotch Tape high. LePage's sued 3M, asserting that 3M used its monopoly over its Scotch Tape brand to gain a competitive advantage in the private-label tape portion of the transparent-tape market through the use of a \"multi-tiered, bundled rebate\" program. This program gave progressively higher rebates when customers purchased greater amounts of products in a number of 3M's different product lines. The jury returned a verdict for LePage's on the monopolization claim under \u00a7 2 of the Sherman Act, and assessed damages of $ 23 million. The jury found in 3M's favor on LePage's claims under \u00a7 1 of the Sherman Act and \u00a7 3 of the Clayton Act. Cross-appeals to the Third Circuit followed, and the court heard the case \"en banc\". The \"en banc\" court affirmed the jury verdict (7-3). The Third Circuit majority began by explaining the issue before it:", "Oxalobacter formigenes Oxalobacter formigenes is an oxalate-degrading anaerobic bacterium that colonizes the large intestines of numerous vertebrates, including humans. \" O. formigenes\" and humans share a beneficial symbiosis. The broad-spectrum quinolone antibiotics kill \"O. formigenes\". If a person's gastrointestinal (GI) tract lacks this bacterium, and therefore lacks the primary source for the oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase enzyme, then the GI tract cannot degrade dietary oxalates which on digestion get absorbed easily and after some vitamin B-modulated partial metabolical degradation in the body, is excreted in the kidney, where it precipitates with calcium to form calcium oxalate kidney stones. The role and presence of \"O. formigenes\" in the human gut is an area of active research.", "She said in May 2015: \"Jamaica is facing a crisis of missing children. Every single month, we have approximately 150 reports of children who go missing. That is a crisis because we are only 2.7 million people.\" She said her organization would work with the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) to recommend a model law to the Parliament of Jamaica. In the United Kingdom, \"The Huffington Post\" reported in 2012, over 140,000 children go missing each year, as calculated by the Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP) of the United Kingdom's National Crime Agency. In the United States, 800,000 children were going missing annually according to a 2002 government study. These figures have been widely circulated in the popular press. As the findings from the 2002 Second National Incidence Studies of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrownaway Children (NISMART\u20132) study summary by the US Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) indicate, a child can be missing for many reasons, including \"Nonfamily abductions\", \"Family abductions,\" \"Runaway/thrownaway episodes,\" \"Missing involuntary, lost, or injured events,\" and \"Missing benign explanation situations.\" NISMART\u20132 defined a missing child both with regard to children who were missing from their caretakers, and children who were missing from their caretakers and reported to an agency for assistance locating the missing children. NISMART\u20132 considered a child as missing \"when the child experienced a qualifying episode during which the child's whereabouts were unknown to the primary caretaker, with the result that the caretaker was alarmed for at least 1 hour and tried to locate the child.", "Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase In enzymology, an oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase (OXC) () is an enzyme primarily produced by the gastrointestinal bacterium \"Oxalobacter formigenes\" that catalyzes the chemical reaction OXC belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases (decarboxylases), which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is oxalyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (formyl-CoA-forming). Other names in common use include oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase, and oxalyl-CoA carboxy-lyase. This enzyme participates in glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, thiamin diphosphate (TPP), and plays a key role in catabolism of oxalate, a highly toxic compound that is a product of the oxidation of carbohydrates in many bacteria and plants. Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase is extremely important for the elimination of ingested oxalates found in human foodstuffs like coffee, tea, and chocolate, and the ingestion of such foods in the absence of \"Oxalobacter formigenes\" in the gut can result in kidney disease or even death as a result of oxalate poisoning. Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase is hypothesized to be evolutionarily related to acetolactate synthase, a TPP-dependent enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids in certain organisms."], "answer": {"text": "a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled.", "answer_start": 297}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other recordings did they make?", "answer": {"text": "The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#3", "question": "Were there other recordings?", "rewrite": "Were there other recordings besides thewith the Miracles ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Similarly, the saints of other Orthodox Churches were added to the Church calendar: in 1962 St. John the Russian, in 1970 St. Herman of Alaska, in 1993 Silouan the Athonite, the elder of Mount Athos, already canonized in 1987 by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. In the 1980s the Russian Orthodox Church re-established the process for canonization; a practice that had ceased for half a century. In 1989, the Holy Synod established the Synodal Commission for canonization. The 1990 Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church gave an order for the Synodal Commission for Canonisation to prepare documents for canonization of new martyrs who had suffered from the 20th century Communist repressions. In 1991 it was decided that a local commission for canonization would be established in every eparchy which would gather the local documents and would send them to the Synodal Commission. Its task was to study the local archives, collect memories of believers, record all the miracles that are connected with addressing the martyrs. In 1992 the Church established 25 January as a day when it venerates the new 20th century martyrs of faith. The day was specifically chosen because on this day in 1918 the Metropolitan of Kiev Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky) was killed, thus becoming the first victim of communist terror among the hierarchs of the Church. During the 2000 Council of the Russian Orthodox Church, the greatest general canonization in the history of the Orthodox Church took place: not only regarding the number of saints but also as in this canonization, all unknown saints were mentioned. There were 1,765 canonized saints known by name and others unknown by name but \"known to God\". The use and making of icons entered Kievan Rus' following its conversion to Orthodox Christianity in AD 988.", "His lead to the chasing group fell on the way to the third climb of the day, but then rose again on the climb to reach three minutes. Plaza's lead was nearly two minutes at the top of the final climb and he held on to take the stage victory. Gon\u00e7alves and Alessandro De Marchi (Lotto-Soudal) broke away from the rest of the group and took second and third places respectively, over a minute behind Plaza. Plaza's solo effort started from the finish line and lasted for more than three hours. Astana moved to the head of the main peloton after the second climb of the day. Although Dumoulin was still in the group, he had lost most of his teammates. Astana then attacked with remaining on the third climb: Mikel Landa attacked first; Aru followed him and was joined by Quintana and Rafa\u0142 Majka. Dumoulin was dropped but was then able to ride back to the group. By this point the group contained just eight riders: Landa, Aru, Quintana, Majka, Dumoulin, Rodr\u00edguez, Chaves and Mikel Nieve (Sky). Towards the summit, Dumoulin and Nieve were dropped. Dumoulin attempted to ride back to the group on the descent and flat; Aru, however, had three teammates in the group ( Luis Le\u00f3n S\u00e1nchez and Andrey Zeits had dropped back from the early breakaway) and they were able to defend their lead. On the final climb, Quintana and Majka attacked and gained over a minute's lead ahead of the rest of the group; they were assisted by Andrey Amador, Quintana's teammate, who had also been in the breakaway. Rodr\u00edguez rode hard at the front of the group to defend his overall position.", "The frequency stability is determined by the crystal's Q. It is inversely dependent on the frequency, and on the constant that is dependent on the particular cut. Other factors influencing Q are the overtone used, the temperature, the level of driving of the crystal, the quality of the surface finish, the mechanical stresses imposed on the crystal by bonding and mounting, the geometry of the crystal and the attached electrodes, the material purity and defects in the crystal, type and pressure of the gas in the enclosure, interfering modes, and presence and absorbed dose of ionizing and neutron radiation. Temperature influences the operating frequency; various forms of compensation are used, from analog compensation (TCXO) and microcontroller compensation (MCXO) to stabilization of the temperature with a crystal oven (OCXO). The crystals possess temperature hysteresis; the frequency at a given temperature achieved by increasing the temperature is not equal to the frequency on the same temperature achieved by decreasing the temperature. The temperature sensitivity depends primarily on the cut; the temperature compensated cuts are chosen as to minimize frequency/temperature dependence. Special cuts can be made with linear temperature characteristics; the LC cut is used in quartz thermometers. Other influencing factors are the overtone used, the mounting and electrodes, impurities in the crystal, mechanical strain, crystal geometry, rate of temperature change, thermal history (due to hysteresis), ionizing radiation, and drive level. Crystals tend to suffer anomalies in their frequency/temperature and resistance/temperature characteristics, known as activity dips. These are small downward frequency or upward resistance excursions localized at certain temperatures, with their temperature position dependent on the value of the load capacitors. Mechanical stresses also influence the frequency.", "Tour de Molvccas Tour de Molvccas(abbreviated TdM) is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Maluku, Indonesia. The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race. The participants pass through four areas of the Maluku province namely West Seram Regency, Central Maluku Regency, East Seram Regency and Ambon. The first international cycling competition Tour de Molvccas (TdM) 2017 was held September 18 and end on September 23. Cyclists from 20 countries participated the race of five stages with a total distance of 713.7 kilometers. Four stages of the race were located on Seram Island while the other one is located on Ambon.", "Smokey Robinson &amp; the Miracles LIVE! Smokey Robinson & the Miracles LIVE! (TS289) is a 1969 album by R&B group The Miracles (aka \"Smokey Robinson & the Miracles\"). Issued on Motown's Tamla label, it is the second of three live albums the Miracles recorded during their career. The album was recorded in 1968 at Detroit's famous Roostertail Restaurant, a popular venue where Motown artists appeared during the 1960s and 1970s. Released January 6, 1969, it charted at #71 on the \"Billboard\" Pop Album Chart and peaked at #7 on the \"Billboard\" R&B Album Chart. The concert that spawned the album was aimed at an adult supper-club crowd, instead of the group's usual teenaged market. It consisted of a combination of several of the group's greatest hits, along with standards. The album, which documented a much more polished and professional performance than the one on the group's first live album, \"The Miracles Recorded Live on Stage\", revealed the Miracles' tremendous growth as experienced performers during the intervening six years. There were two important changes in the group's personnel since the previous live album. Miracles' bass singer Pete Moore, whose career had been interrupted by military service, had returned to the group by this time and was present on this album, while Miracles member Claudette (Mrs. Smokey) Robinson, who was on the first live album, had retired from live performances five years before this album appeared. (Claudette Robinson continued to appear on studio recordings with the group and also appeared on the group's third and final live album, \"\". In fact, this is the \"only\" Miracles live album in which Claudette does \"not\" appear.)"], "answer": {"text": "The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album, and a slightly different take,", "answer_start": 600}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other recordings did they make?", "answer": {"text": "The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that recording go missing?", "answer": {"text": "a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled.", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#4", "question": "What was the next recording?", "rewrite": "What was the next recording after the with the Miracles ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Motown founder Berry Gordy gave Claudette the official title of the \"First Lady of Motown\", as noted in his autobiography, because, as a member of the Miracles, Motown's first group and first recording act, she was the first female artist ever signed to a Motown-affiliated record label (Tamla). Several years ago, Claudette began writing her autobiography, \"A Miraculous Life\", a book of her memoirs, and of her life with the Miracles. Robinson is a board member of the national Rhythm & Blues Foundation and the HAL Awards. Her cousin, original Miracles member Bobby Rogers toured with the last incarnation of the Miracles throughout the United States, Canada and Europe, until his death in 2013. Claudette still performs and makes selected appearances with the Miracles. Claudette can be seen on stage with the Miracles live at the Apollo Theatre in a rare 1962 film clip on the 2006 Motown/Universal DVD release, \"Smokey Robinson & the Miracles: The Definitive Performances\". She can also be seen onstage with original Miracles, Smokey Robinson, her cousin Bobby Rogers, Pete Moore, and Marv Tarplin, (but not Ronnie White) on the DVD release of The \"Motown 25\" Television Special. \" \"The First Lady of Motown:The Claudette Robinson Story\"\" , a biography of the life and career of Claudette Robinson,including her years as a founding member of The Miracles, is now in post production. It is slated for release sometime in the last quarter of 2019.It will include interviews with her former husband, Smokey Robinson,their children,Berry and Tamla,Motown founder Berry Gordy,and archive footage of deceased Miracles,Ronnie White,Pete Moore,Marv Tarplin, and her cousin, Bobby Rogers. In 1987, Smokey Robinson was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist.", "Betulinsky house Betulinsky House (Russian:\u0414\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) is two-story building with a balcony, which is located at Lermontovsky Lane, 11 in Taganrog, Rostov Region. The building was built in the second half of the XIX century by Grigory Efimovich Betulinsky. The Betulinsky family owned a house along Lermontovsky Lane, 11, from 1872 (the time of construction) to the end of the 19th century. Grigory Efimovich Betulinsky was provincial secretary. It is known that they with his wife Maria Konstantinovna had a daughter, Natalya, who was born on 10 August 1885. The next owner of the house was the wife of the merchant Maria Yurdi. Her husband was the Greek consul. Another owner of the house was Major-General Krizhanovsky Alexander Ivanovich. He was the owner of the house until the 1910s. After him, the house was owned by the wife of state counselor Valentina Vladimirovna Fedorova. Next to it was a one-storey house with 6 windows, built by the wife of collegiate assessor P.M. Rabotina. The house under No. 13 was built in the 1910s. Its owner was a college registrar Otto Ottovich Herman. The property was valued at 3,200 rubles.", "The Miracles \u2013 Depend on Me: The Early Albums The Miracles \u2013 Depend On Me: The Early Albums is a 2009 double-CD limited release by Motown Records' original vocal group The Miracles, released through Universal's Hip-O Select imprint to coincide with the legendary Motown label's 50th anniversary. In addition, this collection's release also coincided with The Miracles' being honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 20 of that year. This special two-CD release consists of the group's first five albums, in chronological order, three of which have never been issued on CD before: \"Hi... We're the Miracles\" (1961), \"Cookin' with The Miracles\" (1961), \" I'll Try Something New\" (1962-CD debut), \"The Fabulous Miracles\" (1963-CD debut), and \"The Miracles Recorded Live on Stage\" (1963-CD debut). This collection also features a full color foldout, with the original front and rear covers of all five albums, complete with liner notes, and a 24-page booklet with photos and historical information on The Miracles with an essay by group chronicler Stu Hackel and commentary by Miracles Bobby Rogers, Pete Moore, Claudette Robinson, and Smokey Robinson, detailing their formation, the start of Motown Records, and their importance as Motown's first recording artists. The CD's cover photo features all six original group members: Smokey Robinson, his then-wife Claudette Robinson, her cousin Bobby Rogers, bass singer Pete Moore, baritone Ronnie White, and guitarist Marv Tarplin, taken during the 1961 photo sessions for their album, \"Cookin' with The Miracles\".", "\" It was also stated that with the Miracles' induction, the Hall of Fame \"remedied its most shameful chapter and the biggest miracle is it took this long to do it.\" In May 2016, The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences paid tribute to the Miracles with a special year-long career retrospective of the group at The Grammy Museum in Los Angeles entitled : \"Legends of Motown: Celebrating the Miracles\", highlighting their groundbreaking history and accomplishments as Motown's first recording artists, with appearances by original Miracles Claudette Rogers-Robinson and Pete Moore. The Miracles are four-time Grammy Hall of Fame Inductees. At this special showing,as an expression of her gratitude, Ms Robinson stated:  \"\"It is my honor to be recognized by the GRAMMY Museum's Legends of Motown series. I am very grateful that the GRAMMY Museum has provided a platform for fans to experience the history of the Miracles and include items from my private collection to be displayed. The Miracles along with Mr. Berry Gordy and Motown have become a part of musical history that changed the landscape of popular music, soul and R&B to foster positive and progressive race relations in America and around the world. Thank you for the amazing opportunity.\" \"  In a tribute to Motown's first group, Martha Reeves of Martha and the Vandellas stated: \"In Liverpool they have a statue of the Beatles. Someplace in Detroit there should be a statue of (Smokey Robinson and) the Miracles.\" Original members: The Miracles  Smokey Robinson & the Miracles", "Miracles of Muhammad  Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, is reported to have performed during his lifetime, miracles, or supernatural acts, according to the Quran (the central religious text of Islam), hadith (records of the words, actions, and silent approval, traditionally attributed to Muhammad), and biographies of Mu\u1e25ammad. Almost all the miracles come from the hadith as the vast majority are either not mentioned or their miraculous details are not mentioned in the Quran. Muhammad's miracles encompass a broad range, such as the multiplication of food, manifestation of water, hidden knowledge, prophesies, healing, punishment, and power over nature. According to historian Denis Gril, the Quran does not overtly describe Muhammad performing miracles, and in several verses describes the Quran itself as Muhammad's miracle. However, several miracles are reported in the Quran and miracles \"appear early and often in the hadith\" and the hadiths are indispensable in elucidating Muhammad's miracles. At least one scholar (Sunni scholar Muhammad Asad) states that Muhammad performed no miracles other than to bring the Quran to humanity: Examples of verses where Muhammad's adversaries call on him to perform miracles without him responding with what they wanted include: Muslim scholar Cyril Glasse does not dispute miracles were attributed to Muhammad but downplays them, stating \"there is nothing conclusive about their nature; they play no role in Islamic theology, nor do they embody any essential element in the life of the Prophet\". He also describes the ahadith which attribute miracles to Muhammad \"minor\". Marcia Hermansen also states \"Miracles in the Islamic tradition play less of an evidentiary role than in some other religions since the prophet Muhammad's humanity is stressed.\"  At least according to Kenneth L. Woodward and Abu Ibraheem, Muhammad is believed to have performed numerous miracles during his life."], "answer": {"text": "Marvin Gaye's version was recorded in spring 1967, and is the second known recording,", "answer_start": 823}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other recordings did they make?", "answer": {"text": "The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that recording go missing?", "answer": {"text": "a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled.", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other recordings?", "answer": {"text": "The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album, and a slightly different take,", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#5", "question": "Was this the most popular recording?", "rewrite": "Was Marvin Gaye's version the most popular recording?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I Want to Come Home for Christmas \"I Want to Come Home for Christmas\" is a holiday song recorded by Marvin Gaye in 1972. The song was co-written by Gaye and Forest Hairston and was released on a posthumous Marvin compilation titled, \"The Marvin Gaye Collection\" 18 years later. The idea of the song came to Forest Hairston after seeing pictures of people tying yellow ribbons around trees for Vietnam War troops who were forced to be prisoners of war or P.O.W. Hairston hadn't finished writing the song when Marvin Gaye, who he had become friends with, happened to stop by his house. When Gaye asked Hairston what he was working on, he said he was \"messing with a song\" in tribute to the Vietnam troops. Gaye had mentioned to Hairston that he wanted to have a holiday song of his own and asked Hairston to play him a bit of it. Gaye stopped him mid-track and began to work more on the track with him, adding in melody and harmony parts. Gaye later took Hairston's track and went to the Motown Recording Studios in Los Angeles, otherwise known as Hitsville West, and produced the track himself. Gaye finished the recording in one take and after it was recorded on tape, returned to Hairston's apartment and slipped the tape in Hairston's recorder. When Hairston heard it, he immediately hugged Gaye complimenting his talents, to which Gaye laughed. Gaye struggled to get the song released as a single for Vietnam troops with Motown. Eighteen years after its recording and six years after Gaye's untimely death, the song was reissued on \"The Marvin Gaye Collection\". It also appeared as a bonus track on a later reissue of the compilation \"A Motown Christmas\".", "Four Thoughts on Marvin Gaye, I-IV, A Tribute to the Life of Marvin Gaye\" was released by the string quartet Ethel on the album, \"Heavy\" (Innova, 2012). American DJ and producer Amerigo Gazaway released an album in 2014, remixing the work of hip hop artist Mos Def with Marvin Gaye's music. Even before Gaye's death in 1984, Gaye was mentioned by name in a couple of songs. In Spandau Ballet's breakthrough single, \"True\", one verse cited \"listening to Marvin (all night long)/this is the sound of my soul\", which was seen as an example of the influence of Gaye's romantic song style. Gaye was also mentioned by name in electro funk outfit R.J.'s Latest Arrival's \"Shackles (On My Feet)\". Following Gaye's own death, Lionel Richie composed the song, \"Missing You\", which he immediately gave to Diana Ross, who was reportedly struggling with her friend's death. The song was released in late 1984 and became Ross' final top-ten single. A day after Gaye's death, new wave band Duran Duran dedicated \"Save a Prayer\" to Gaye. In 1985, The Commodores issued the ballad, \"Nightshift\", which was dedicated to both Gaye and Jackie Wilson. The alternative band Violent Femmes' song \"See My Ships\" from their \"3\" album, referenced Gaye's death in a double-entendre to express anxiety about God (the father) 's final judgment : \"Mercy mercy me, Marvin Gaye, he was shot by his father, O my father have mercy on me\".", "In 2015, singer Charlie Puth released his first single, \"Marvin Gaye\", with Meghan Trainor as his duet partner, the song referring to Gaye and his 1973 hit, \"Let's Get It On\", with the chorus line, \"let's Marvin Gaye and get it on\". Songs that paid tribute or mention reference to Marvin Gaye include:  Marvin's death was referenced in \"The Sopranos\" on an episode titled \"Members Only\", when Uncle Junior shoots Tony Soprano and Vito Spatafore later remarks: \" He Marvin Gaye'd his own nephew\u201d. Gaye is referenced as one of the supernatural acts to appear in the short story and later television version of \"Stephen King's Nightmares and Dreamscapes\" in \" You Know They Got a Hell of a Band\". A play by Caryl Phillips called \"A Long Way from Home\", focusing on Gaye's relationship with his father and his last years in Ostend, was broadcast by BBC Radio 3 in March 2008. It featured O. T. Fagbenle as Gaye and Kerry Shale as Marvin Gay Sr., with Rhea Bailey, Rachel Atkins, Damian Lynch, Alibe Parsons, Ben Onwukwe and Major Wiley. It was directed by Ned Chaillet and produced by Chris Wallis. In 2010, Marvin's sister Zeola Gaye started producing musical plays titled \"My Brother, Marvin\", in which has been played in several cities. In 2012, a similar titled musical play started playing also in tribute to Gaye. Rapper Tupac Shakur refers to Marvin Gaye in his song \"Thugz Mansion\": \"Seen a show with Marvin Gaye last night, it had me shook.\"", "Here, My Dear Here, My Dear is the fifteenth studio album by music artist Marvin Gaye, released December 15, 1978, on Motown-subsidiary label Tamla Records. Recording sessions for the album took place between 1977 and 1978 at Gaye's personal studios, Marvin Gaye Studios, in Los Angeles, California. The album was notable for its subject matter focusing largely on Gaye's acrimonious divorce from first wife (and sister of the president of Gaye's record label), Anna Gordy Gaye. A commercial and critical failure upon its release, it was later hailed by music critics, in the years following Gaye's passing, as one of Gaye's best albums. \"It's taken me a while,\" Anna admitted in later years, \"but I've come to appreciate every form of Marvin's music. \" Marvin Gaye was going through a personal crisis in the summer of 1976. In November 1975, Gaye's estranged first wife, Anna Gordy Gaye, sued Gaye for divorce, claiming irreconcilable differences, and sought child support for their adopted son, Marvin Gaye III. Gaye later argued his spending habits were causing him to fall behind on payments. In September 1976, a warrant was issued for Gaye's arrest after he failed to pay alimony; this made him feel vulnerable during the recording sessions, causing the singer to hide from the public for several days. Several weeks later, Gaye accepted an offer to do a tour of Europe. Between October and December 1976, Gaye performed in the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands and Germany. Following his return, he recorded \"Got to Give It Up\" and released it on his album, \"Live at the London Palladium\".", "Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage is the first live album released by singer Marvin Gaye on the Tamla label. Recorded during a Motortown Revue show at Chicago's Regal Theater, the album showcased the musician performing early hits such as \"Stubborn Kind of Fellow\", \"Pride and Joy\" and \"Hitch Hike\" while also adding in unreleased numbers including \"One of These Days\" (a studio version was released on the b-side of \"Pride And Joy\" and later as a track on Gaye's 1966 album, \"Moods of Marvin Gaye\"), \"Mo Jo Hanna\" and \"That Stubborn Kinda Fellow\" album track, \" Get My Hands on Some Lovin'\" while also singing three covers - the jazz standard, \"Days of Wine and Roses\", blues song \"Mo Jo Hanna\" and his cover of Ray Charles' R&B version of \"You Are My Sunshine\". Gaye was accompanied throughout the album by Martha and the Vandellas. During these early days and later into his career, Gaye had stage fright and struggled with live performances. Despite this, he performed to enthusiastic audiences, who cheered him on throughout his set. He recorded another live album in the 1960s, the shelved \"Marvin Gaye at the Copa\" and finally released another live effort in 1974, \"Marvin Gaye Live!\". In 2009, this album was released in Japan. The cover design was by Barni Wright and Bernard Yeszin. Other albums in this series were by \"Little\" Stevie Wonder, Mary Wells, The Marvelettes and Smokey Robinson & The Miracles. Side One Side Two"], "answer": {"text": "Gladys Knight version was released as a single in September 1967, reaching number 2 in the charts.", "answer_start": 1147}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other recordings did they make?", "answer": {"text": "The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that recording go missing?", "answer": {"text": "a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled.", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other recordings?", "answer": {"text": "The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album, and a slightly different take,", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the next recording?", "answer": {"text": "Marvin Gaye's version was recorded in spring 1967, and is the second known recording,", "answer_start": 823, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#6", "question": "What other people made recordings of this song?", "rewrite": "What other people made recordings of Gladys Knight song besides Marvin Gaye's version?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Founder Berry Gordy Jr. recognized Whitfield's persistence and hired him for the quality control department, which determined which songs would or would not be released. Whitfield joined Motown's in-house songwriting staff, co-writing the Marvin Gaye hit \"Pride & Joy\", The Marvelettes's \"Too Many Fish in the Sea\" and The Velvelettes's \"Needle in a Haystack\". He took over Smokey Robinson's role as the main producer for The Temptations in 1966, after his \"Ain't Too Proud to Beg\" performed better than Robinson's \"Get Ready\" on the pop charts. From 1966 to 1974, Whitfield produced virtually all of the Temptations' music, experimenting with sound effects and other production techniques. He found a songwriting collaborator in lyricist Barrett Strong, the performer on Motown's first hit record, \"Money (That's What I Want)\", and wrote material for the Temptations and other Motown artists such as Marvin Gaye and Gladys Knight & the Pips, both of whom recorded Whitfield-produced hit versions of the Whitfield/Strong composition \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\". The Gladys Knight & the Pips' version was the best-selling Motown single so far, but it was surpassed a year later by Gaye's version. After Temptations lead singer David Ruffin was replaced by Dennis Edwards in 1968, Whitfield moved the group into a harder, darker sound that featured a blend of psychedelic rock and funk heavily inspired by the work of Sly & the Family Stone and Funkadelic. He added contemporary song topics, moving from love songs to the social issues of the time, such as war, poverty and politics.", "David Van De Pitte David J. Van De Pitte (October 28, 1941 \u2013 August 9, 2009) was an American music arranger and bass player. He is best known for his work at Motown Records during the 1960s and early 1970s, when he was responsible for arranging many of the best known and most successful of the company's records, including those by Marvin Gaye, The Temptations, The Four Tops, The Jackson 5, Stevie Wonder, Gladys Knight and many others. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, and studied music at the Westlake College of Music in Los Angeles, becoming proficient in classical, jazz and pop music. His main instrument was the bass, but he also played trombone and other instruments. In the early 1960s he began playing in Johnny Trudell's orchestra, and came to know many of the musicians who, then and later, worked at Motown, including bass player James Jamerson who sometimes substituted for him in Trudell's band. He began working for Motown in 1968, and was responsible for arranging Marvin Gaye's albums \"What's Going On\" and \"Let's Get It On\", as well as singles including \"Nathan Jones\" by The Supremes, \"Still Water (Love)\" by the Four Tops, \"Ball of Confusion\" and \"Psychedelic Shack\" by the Temptations, \"If I Were Your Woman\" by Gladys Knight, \"Indiana Wants Me\" by R. Dean Taylor, and \" If You Really Love Me\" by Stevie Wonder. He was nominated for a Grammy in 1971 for his work on \"What's Going On\". As a music director, he was responsible for Marvin Gaye's TV performances and live appearances by the Temptations, Four Tops, and Diana Ross. After leaving Motown in 1972, he worked freelance for artists including Paul Anka, Millie Jackson and George Clinton.", "In 2015, singer Charlie Puth released his first single, \"Marvin Gaye\", with Meghan Trainor as his duet partner, the song referring to Gaye and his 1973 hit, \"Let's Get It On\", with the chorus line, \"let's Marvin Gaye and get it on\". Songs that paid tribute or mention reference to Marvin Gaye include:  Marvin's death was referenced in \"The Sopranos\" on an episode titled \"Members Only\", when Uncle Junior shoots Tony Soprano and Vito Spatafore later remarks: \" He Marvin Gaye'd his own nephew\u201d. Gaye is referenced as one of the supernatural acts to appear in the short story and later television version of \"Stephen King's Nightmares and Dreamscapes\" in \" You Know They Got a Hell of a Band\". A play by Caryl Phillips called \"A Long Way from Home\", focusing on Gaye's relationship with his father and his last years in Ostend, was broadcast by BBC Radio 3 in March 2008. It featured O. T. Fagbenle as Gaye and Kerry Shale as Marvin Gay Sr., with Rhea Bailey, Rachel Atkins, Damian Lynch, Alibe Parsons, Ben Onwukwe and Major Wiley. It was directed by Ned Chaillet and produced by Chris Wallis. In 2010, Marvin's sister Zeola Gaye started producing musical plays titled \"My Brother, Marvin\", in which has been played in several cities. In 2012, a similar titled musical play started playing also in tribute to Gaye. Rapper Tupac Shakur refers to Marvin Gaye in his song \"Thugz Mansion\": \"Seen a show with Marvin Gaye last night, it had me shook.\"", "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists. The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers, or at least Whitfield intended to record it with them; however a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled. The Miracles' version was not released as a single due to Berry Gordy's veto during Motown's weekly quality control meetings; Gordy advised Whitfield and Strong to create a stronger single. The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album, and a slightly different take, possibly from the same session but unreleased, appeared on the 1998 compilation album, Motown Sings Motown Treasures. Marvin Gaye's version was recorded in spring 1967, and is the second known recording, though was also rejected by Gordy as a single, and would also later go onto an album, In the Groove. The third recording was in 1967 with Gladys Knight and the Pips in a new, faster arrangement. Gordy accepted the new arrangement and the Gladys Knight version was released as a single in September 1967, reaching number 2 in the charts. When Gaye's album with his version of Grapevine was released in August 1968, radio disc jockeys were playing the song, so Gordy had it released as a single in October, and it went to number one in December. In 1968, Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers recorded a version for their debut album based on Gladys' recent hit; however, after hearing the Marvin Gaye version, they felt they'd made the wrong choice.", "I Want to Come Home for Christmas \"I Want to Come Home for Christmas\" is a holiday song recorded by Marvin Gaye in 1972. The song was co-written by Gaye and Forest Hairston and was released on a posthumous Marvin compilation titled, \"The Marvin Gaye Collection\" 18 years later. The idea of the song came to Forest Hairston after seeing pictures of people tying yellow ribbons around trees for Vietnam War troops who were forced to be prisoners of war or P.O.W. Hairston hadn't finished writing the song when Marvin Gaye, who he had become friends with, happened to stop by his house. When Gaye asked Hairston what he was working on, he said he was \"messing with a song\" in tribute to the Vietnam troops. Gaye had mentioned to Hairston that he wanted to have a holiday song of his own and asked Hairston to play him a bit of it. Gaye stopped him mid-track and began to work more on the track with him, adding in melody and harmony parts. Gaye later took Hairston's track and went to the Motown Recording Studios in Los Angeles, otherwise known as Hitsville West, and produced the track himself. Gaye finished the recording in one take and after it was recorded on tape, returned to Hairston's apartment and slipped the tape in Hairston's recorder. When Hairston heard it, he immediately hugged Gaye complimenting his talents, to which Gaye laughed. Gaye struggled to get the song released as a single for Vietnam troops with Motown. Eighteen years after its recording and six years after Gaye's untimely death, the song was reissued on \"The Marvin Gaye Collection\". It also appeared as a bonus track on a later reissue of the compilation \"A Motown Christmas\"."], "answer": {"text": "In 1968, Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers recorded a version for their debut album based on Gladys", "answer_start": 1453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other recordings did they make?", "answer": {"text": "The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that recording go missing?", "answer": {"text": "a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled.", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other recordings?", "answer": {"text": "The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album, and a slightly different take,", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the next recording?", "answer": {"text": "Marvin Gaye's version was recorded in spring 1967, and is the second known recording,", "answer_start": 823, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the most popular recording?", "answer": {"text": "Gladys Knight version was released as a single in September 1967, reaching number 2 in the charts.", "answer_start": 1147, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_64c9241f292a419f9abcead0ed1b8d39_1_q#7", "question": "Was that the last recording?", "rewrite": "Was a version for their debut album based on Gladys the last recording for Motown?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Ultimate Collection (Gladys Knight and The Pips album) The Ultimate Collection is a compact disc by Gladys Knight and The Pips, released on Motown Records, catalogue MOTD 0826, in October 1997. It is a collection of singles comprising many of the group's greatest hits, with liner notes written by Ruth Adkins Robinson. The disc contains every Top 40 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and twelve top ten Rhythm and Blues singles chart hits enjoyed by Gladys Knight and the Pips that were released on the Motown associate label Soul Records imprint. One track was never released as a single, her cover of \"Every Little Bit Hurts\" previously done by fellow Motown artist Brenda Holloway, this version appearing on a full album of cover songs from 1968, Soul SS711 \"Silk 'n' Soul\". One track is a b-side, \"It's Time to Go Now\" the flip of \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine,\" released a year before the version by Marvin Gaye. The song \" Here I Am Again\" was initially slated to be Soul 35111 and withdrawn from release; that single designation went to \"Between Her Goodbye and My Hello.\" The disc was part of an \"Ultimate Collection\" series issued that year by Motown for many of their top-selling classic artists. Starting in the late 1960s and early 1970s, standard industry practice shifted to a focus on album sales, where a single became less a separate entity and more simply an advertisement for an LP, and a lead single would be pulled off an album as a promotional tool. Prior to this, singles were concentrated upon as a profitable commodity, especially for smaller record labels, and albums were often built around already successful singles. Since Motown fixated on the hit single until the very end of its stay in Detroit, single versions of songs often featured different mixes than versions that would be later placed on albums.", "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists. The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers, or at least Whitfield intended to record it with them; however a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled. The Miracles' version was not released as a single due to Berry Gordy's veto during Motown's weekly quality control meetings; Gordy advised Whitfield and Strong to create a stronger single. The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album, and a slightly different take, possibly from the same session but unreleased, appeared on the 1998 compilation album, Motown Sings Motown Treasures. Marvin Gaye's version was recorded in spring 1967, and is the second known recording, though was also rejected by Gordy as a single, and would also later go onto an album, In the Groove. The third recording was in 1967 with Gladys Knight and the Pips in a new, faster arrangement. Gordy accepted the new arrangement and the Gladys Knight version was released as a single in September 1967, reaching number 2 in the charts. When Gaye's album with his version of Grapevine was released in August 1968, radio disc jockeys were playing the song, so Gordy had it released as a single in October, and it went to number one in December. In 1968, Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers recorded a version for their debut album based on Gladys' recent hit; however, after hearing the Marvin Gaye version, they felt they'd made the wrong choice.", "In 1970, Rogers recorded songs for a solo album, produced by Smokey Robinson and including covers of earlier Motown recordings, which Motown decided to market as \"The Return of The Marvelettes\". As this album featured no other Marvelettes, original member Katherine Anderson refused to participate in appearing on the cover of the album due to what she felt was Motown's disrespect towards her and the group. The album was only a modest hit, reaching #50 on the R&B album charts and featured no charted hit singles. Following this, the group disbanded with Katherine Anderson settling briefly as a staff writer for Motown. After Motown moved to Los Angeles in 1972, Anderson and Rogers left the business altogether returning to Michigan with Anderson settling in her hometown of Inkster while Rogers moved to Southfield, Michigan. Meanwhile, Gladys Horton had moved to Los Angeles where she raised her three sons. In January 1980, former Marvelette and original member Georgeanna Tillman died from complications of lupus, in her mother's house in Inkster, at the age of 36. Shortly afterwards, several of the former members filed suit against Motown, complaining of not receiving any royalties from their work. In 1989, Gladys Horton tried to reunite the original Marvelettes after being offered a contract with Motorcity Records. Wanda Young was the only other Marvelette to agree to sing on the recording. Following this, Horton continued to perform, sometimes as \"Gladys Horton of the Marvelettes\". Due to a legal disagreement with Larry Marshak, who bought the Marvelettes' name from Motown after the label lost rights to the name, Horton would fight for years to retain ownership of the name.", "Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye) \"Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)\" is a song recorded by Gladys Knight & the Pips. Released on December 26, 1972 on Motown's Soul Records imprint as S 35098 , it became one of their biggest hit singles to date, and was also the last single the group released prior to them leaving Motown for Buddah Records in February 1973. By 1972, Gladys Knight & The Pips had spent six and a half years with Motown Records, having signed with the label in 1966. Though well known prior to signing with Motown, they achieved widespread success with the label with hits such as \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\", \"Nitty Gritty\" and \"If I Were Your Woman\". However, the group would recall being treated like outsiders in the label. Lead singer Gladys Knight recalled on A&E's \"Biography\" that she and the group were regarded as a second-string act and that \"Diana (Ross) & The Supremes, The Temptations and Marvin Gaye were given all the hits, while we took the leftovers\". While on Motown, Knight & The Pips recorded for Soul Records, a label Motown used for acts that recorded material with more of an R&B flavor than a pop flavor. In 1972, the group had success with their cover of musician Kris Kristofferson's ballad, \"Help Me Make It Through the Night\". The song helped to make the group's transition from soul and blues-oriented material to more middle of the road fare. In late 1972, the group began recording songs for what would be their final album, \"Neither One of Us\", at Motown's Hitsville U.S.A. studios in Detroit.", "Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 Diana Ross Presents The Jackson 5 is the debut studio album from Gary, Indiana-based soul family band the Jackson 5, released on the Motown label in December 1969. The Jackson 5's lead singer, a preteenage boy named Michael (who later became a universally-recognized pop star on his own and \"The King of Pop\"), and his older brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon, became pop successes within months of this album's release. \" Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5's\" only single, \"I Want You Back\", became a number-one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 within weeks of the album's release and eventually sold five million copies worldwide. The album reached number 5 on the Pop Albums chart, and spent nine weeks at No. 1 on the R&B/Black Albums chart. The album title suggested that Motown star Diana Ross had discovered the group, as do the Ross-penned liner notes on the back cover. Ross' supposed discovery of the Jackson 5 was in fact part of Motown's marketing and promotions plan for the Jackson 5; it may actually have been Motown producer Bobby Taylor who discovered the Jacksons. Joe Jackson, the father and manager of the Jackson 5, thanked the \"lovely Gladys Knight, (who) extended a helping hand to our family, by calling Motown Executives and talking their ear off to take time out of their schedule and meet with us. She believed in us before others. Always grateful to her. \"(Gladys Knight also said she brought the Jackson 5 to Motown's attention.) But Ross embraced her assigned role and helped promote the group, especially grooming young Michael Jackson as a star."], "answer": {"text": "Bettye Lavette on her 1982 Motown album, Tell Me a Lie.", "answer_start": 280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the Grapevine cordings?", "answer": {"text": "Producer Norman Whitfield recorded \"I Heard It Through the Grapevine\" with various Motown artists.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other recordings did they make?", "answer": {"text": "The first known recording is with the Miracles on August 6, 1966, though there may also have been a recording with the Isley Brothers,", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that recording go missing?", "answer": {"text": "a track has not turned up - some Motown historians believe that a session may have been scheduled but cancelled.", "answer_start": 297, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there other recordings?", "answer": {"text": "The Miracles version later appeared on their 1968 Special Occasion album, and a slightly different take,", "answer_start": 600, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the next recording?", "answer": {"text": "Marvin Gaye's version was recorded in spring 1967, and is the second known recording,", "answer_start": 823, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this the most popular recording?", "answer": {"text": "Gladys Knight version was released as a single in September 1967, reaching number 2 in the charts.", "answer_start": 1147, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other people made recordings of this song?", "answer": {"text": "In 1968, Bobby Taylor & the Vancouvers recorded a version for their debut album based on Gladys", "answer_start": 1453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#0", "question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "rewrite": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Act I, scene 10 - Aria of Artemidoro, \"Se amica vuoi la sorte\" <br> Act I, scene 10 - Chorus with naiad and shepherdess, \"Nel pi\u00f9 felice tempo\" <br> Act I , scene 11 - Accompanied recitative for Armida, \"Qual turbame\" <br> Act I, scene 11 - Aria of Armida, \"Cedo l'armi il cor\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Ubaldo , \"Di luce un raggio\" <br> Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Fenicia, \"Arta vanta d'ogn'altra maggiore\" <br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Rinaldo, \"Ah, disponi di mia sorte\" < br> Act II, scene 5 - Accompanied recitative for Armida, \"Vieni, odio implacabile\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Chorus of furies Act II, scene 6 - Aria of Armida, \"Se il mio duolo, se il mio fato\" <br> Act II, scene 7 - Aria of Odio, \"Mi chiamerai ma in vano\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Chorus with Lucinda, \"Ecco la calma\" <br> Act II , scene 9 - Cavatina of Lucinda, \"Qui senza stento\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Duet for Lucinda and the Cavalier Danese, \"Qual v'a pi\u00f9 bel piacer\" <br> Act II, scene 11 - Cavatina of Melissa, \"Perche veder deggio\" <br>", "Act I, scene 3 - Aria of Ipermestra, \"Ah, non parlar d'amore\" <br> Act I, scene 4 - Aria of Linceo, \"Di pena s\u00ec forte\" <br> Act I, scene 6 - Aria of Plistene, \"Ma rendi pur contento\" <br> Act I, scene 9 - Aria of Ipermestra, \" Se piet\u00e0 da voi non trovo\" < br> Act I, scene 10 - Aria of Linceo, \"Io non pretendo, o stelle\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Adrasto, \"Pria di lasciar la sponda\" < br> Act II, scene 2 - Aria of Danao, \"Non hai cor per un'impresa\" <br> Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Ipermestra, \"Se il mio duol, se i mali miei\" < br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Linceo, \"Gonfio tu vedi il fiume\" < br> Act II, scene 6 - Aria of Plistene, \"Vuoi ch'io lasci, o mio tesoro\" [a non-Metastasian text] <br> Act II, scene 7 - Aria of Elpinice, \"Mai l'amor mio verace\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Aria of Danao, \"Or del tuo ben la sorte\" <br> Act II, scene 10 - Accompanied recitative for Ipermestra and Linceo, \"Ferma, oim\u00e8,\" < br> Act II, scene 10 - Duet of Ipermestra and Linceo, \"Ah, se di te mi privi\"", "Act I, scene 5 - Aria of Medonte, \"Pensa che sol per poco\" <br> Act I, scene 7 - Accompanied recitative for Selena and Arsace, \"Tu parli di morire?\" <br> Act I, scene 7 - Duet for Selena and Arsace, \" Ah, se mi sei fedete\" <br> Act II , scene 1 - Aria of Talete, \"Vedr\u00f2 fier sempre in calma\" <br> Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Zelinda, \"Se vuoi dell'indegno\" < br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Medonte, \"Serba costante\" < br> Act II, scene 7 - Accompanied recitative of Selena, \"Dov'\u00e8, ah dov'\u00e8, son io\" <br> Act II, scene 7 - Cavatina of Selena, \"Adorata mia speranza\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Accompanied recitative of Arsace, \"Cedere \u00e8 forza, o cara\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Aria (Rond\u00f2) of Arsace, \"Luci belle, se piangete\" <br > Act II, scene 12 - Aria of Evandro, \"Vedrai se un fido core\" <br> Act II, scene 13 - Trio for Selena, Arsace, and Medonte, \"Tremate empi\" <br> Act III, scene 2 - Aria of Medonte, \"Perfidi io sciolgo il freno\" <br> Act III, scene 3 - Aria of Arsace, \"Scioglio cara un dolce riso\" <br> Act III, scene 4 - Aria of Selena, \"Mesti affanni\" <br>", "Act I, scene 7 - Aria of Briseide, \"Non \u00e8 la morte\" <br> Act I, scene 8 - Aria of Diomede, \"Prometti ognor la calma\" <br> Act I, scene 9 - Aria of Ariobate, \" Di che pupille amabili\" <br> Act I, scene 11 - Duet for Argene and Bellerofonte, \"Vanne pur, ma dimmi pria\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Atamante, \"Gi\u00e0 cinto sembrami\" < br> Act II, scene 2 - Aria of Diomede, \"Come potrai, tiranno\" < br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Bellerofonte, \"Parto, ma in quest'istante\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Accompanied recitative for Argene, \"Sarete alfin contenti\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Argene, \"Ch'io mai capace\" <br> Act II, scene 10 - Aria of Ariobate, \"Pria ch'io perda\" <br> Act II, scene 11 - Aria of Argene, \"Palesar vorrei col pianto\" <br> Act II, scene 12 - Aria of Briseide, \" Se ognor fa cento\" <br> Act II, scene 13 - Accompanied recitative for Bellerofonte, \"Dell'indomita belva,\" with aria, \"Di quei sassi\" < br> Act II, scene 14 - Accompanied recitative for Minerva, \"Calma del petto,\" with cavatina , \"Riedano gli astri amici\" <br>", "Act I, scene 9 - Aria of Alceste, \" Se intorno all prova\" <br > Act I, scene 10 - Duet for Antigona and Euristeo, \"Se'l tuo fedel son io\" Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Ermione, \"Vado, ma dove, o Dio\" < br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Creonte, \"Io sento che in petto\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Euristeo, \"Che fiero destino\" <br> Act II, scene 6 - Aria of Antigona, \"Rende il mar\" <br> Act II, scene 7 - Aria of Alceste, \"Fra tante vicende\" <br> Act II, scene 8 - Aria of Learco, \"Quelle luci del mio bene\" <br> Act II, scene 10 - Aria of Antigona, \"Empio crudel tiranno\" <br> Act II, scene 12 - Aria of Euristeo, \"Deh, se mi brami in vita\" <br> Act II, scene 13 - Aria of Creonte, \"Sar\u00f2 qual \u00e8 il torrente\" Act III, scene 1 - Aria of Euristeo, \"Frema in orrida sembianza\" <br> Act III, scene 2 - Aria of Ermione, \"Finche mi lusinga\" <br> Act III, scene 3 - Aria of Learco, \"Fra cento schiere e cento\" <br >"], "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#1", "question": "Who is he?", "rewrite": "Who is the character who proposes the marriage in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Act I, scene 3 - Aria of Ipermestra, \"Ah, non parlar d'amore\" <br> Act I, scene 4 - Aria of Linceo, \"Di pena s\u00ec forte\" <br> Act I, scene 6 - Aria of Plistene, \"Ma rendi pur contento\" <br> Act I, scene 9 - Aria of Ipermestra, \" Se piet\u00e0 da voi non trovo\" < br> Act I, scene 10 - Aria of Linceo, \"Io non pretendo, o stelle\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Adrasto, \"Pria di lasciar la sponda\" < br> Act II, scene 2 - Aria of Danao, \"Non hai cor per un'impresa\" <br> Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Ipermestra, \"Se il mio duol, se i mali miei\" < br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Linceo, \"Gonfio tu vedi il fiume\" < br> Act II, scene 6 - Aria of Plistene, \"Vuoi ch'io lasci, o mio tesoro\" [a non-Metastasian text] <br> Act II, scene 7 - Aria of Elpinice, \"Mai l'amor mio verace\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Aria of Danao, \"Or del tuo ben la sorte\" <br> Act II, scene 10 - Accompanied recitative for Ipermestra and Linceo, \"Ferma, oim\u00e8,\" < br> Act II, scene 10 - Duet of Ipermestra and Linceo, \"Ah, se di te mi privi\"", "Act I, scene 10 - Aria of Artemidoro, \"Se amica vuoi la sorte\" <br> Act I, scene 10 - Chorus with naiad and shepherdess, \"Nel pi\u00f9 felice tempo\" <br> Act I , scene 11 - Accompanied recitative for Armida, \"Qual turbame\" <br> Act I, scene 11 - Aria of Armida, \"Cedo l'armi il cor\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Ubaldo , \"Di luce un raggio\" <br> Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Fenicia, \"Arta vanta d'ogn'altra maggiore\" <br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Rinaldo, \"Ah, disponi di mia sorte\" < br> Act II, scene 5 - Accompanied recitative for Armida, \"Vieni, odio implacabile\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Chorus of furies Act II, scene 6 - Aria of Armida, \"Se il mio duolo, se il mio fato\" <br> Act II, scene 7 - Aria of Odio, \"Mi chiamerai ma in vano\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Chorus with Lucinda, \"Ecco la calma\" <br> Act II , scene 9 - Cavatina of Lucinda, \"Qui senza stento\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Duet for Lucinda and the Cavalier Danese, \"Qual v'a pi\u00f9 bel piacer\" <br> Act II, scene 11 - Cavatina of Melissa, \"Perche veder deggio\" <br>", "Act I, scene 7 - Aria of Briseide, \"Non \u00e8 la morte\" <br> Act I, scene 8 - Aria of Diomede, \"Prometti ognor la calma\" <br> Act I, scene 9 - Aria of Ariobate, \" Di che pupille amabili\" <br> Act I, scene 11 - Duet for Argene and Bellerofonte, \"Vanne pur, ma dimmi pria\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Atamante, \"Gi\u00e0 cinto sembrami\" < br> Act II, scene 2 - Aria of Diomede, \"Come potrai, tiranno\" < br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Bellerofonte, \"Parto, ma in quest'istante\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Accompanied recitative for Argene, \"Sarete alfin contenti\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Argene, \"Ch'io mai capace\" <br> Act II, scene 10 - Aria of Ariobate, \"Pria ch'io perda\" <br> Act II, scene 11 - Aria of Argene, \"Palesar vorrei col pianto\" <br> Act II, scene 12 - Aria of Briseide, \" Se ognor fa cento\" <br> Act II, scene 13 - Accompanied recitative for Bellerofonte, \"Dell'indomita belva,\" with aria, \"Di quei sassi\" < br> Act II, scene 14 - Accompanied recitative for Minerva, \"Calma del petto,\" with cavatina , \"Riedano gli astri amici\" <br>", "Act I, scene 9 - Aria of Alceste, \" Se intorno all prova\" <br > Act I, scene 10 - Duet for Antigona and Euristeo, \"Se'l tuo fedel son io\" Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Ermione, \"Vado, ma dove, o Dio\" < br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Creonte, \"Io sento che in petto\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Euristeo, \"Che fiero destino\" <br> Act II, scene 6 - Aria of Antigona, \"Rende il mar\" <br> Act II, scene 7 - Aria of Alceste, \"Fra tante vicende\" <br> Act II, scene 8 - Aria of Learco, \"Quelle luci del mio bene\" <br> Act II, scene 10 - Aria of Antigona, \"Empio crudel tiranno\" <br> Act II, scene 12 - Aria of Euristeo, \"Deh, se mi brami in vita\" <br> Act II, scene 13 - Aria of Creonte, \"Sar\u00f2 qual \u00e8 il torrente\" Act III, scene 1 - Aria of Euristeo, \"Frema in orrida sembianza\" <br> Act III, scene 2 - Aria of Ermione, \"Finche mi lusinga\" <br> Act III, scene 3 - Aria of Learco, \"Fra cento schiere e cento\" <br >", "Act I, scene 5 - Aria of Medonte, \"Pensa che sol per poco\" <br> Act I, scene 7 - Accompanied recitative for Selena and Arsace, \"Tu parli di morire?\" <br> Act I, scene 7 - Duet for Selena and Arsace, \" Ah, se mi sei fedete\" <br> Act II , scene 1 - Aria of Talete, \"Vedr\u00f2 fier sempre in calma\" <br> Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Zelinda, \"Se vuoi dell'indegno\" < br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Medonte, \"Serba costante\" < br> Act II, scene 7 - Accompanied recitative of Selena, \"Dov'\u00e8, ah dov'\u00e8, son io\" <br> Act II, scene 7 - Cavatina of Selena, \"Adorata mia speranza\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Accompanied recitative of Arsace, \"Cedere \u00e8 forza, o cara\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Aria (Rond\u00f2) of Arsace, \"Luci belle, se piangete\" <br > Act II, scene 12 - Aria of Evandro, \"Vedrai se un fido core\" <br> Act II, scene 13 - Trio for Selena, Arsace, and Medonte, \"Tremate empi\" <br> Act III, scene 2 - Aria of Medonte, \"Perfidi io sciolgo il freno\" <br> Act III, scene 3 - Aria of Arsace, \"Scioglio cara un dolce riso\" <br> Act III, scene 4 - Aria of Selena, \"Mesti affanni\" <br>"], "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#2", "question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "rewrite": "Who did Perchik propose to in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Act I, scene 10 - Aria of Artemidoro, \"Se amica vuoi la sorte\" <br> Act I, scene 10 - Chorus with naiad and shepherdess, \"Nel pi\u00f9 felice tempo\" <br> Act I , scene 11 - Accompanied recitative for Armida, \"Qual turbame\" <br> Act I, scene 11 - Aria of Armida, \"Cedo l'armi il cor\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Ubaldo , \"Di luce un raggio\" <br> Act II, scene 3 - Aria of Fenicia, \"Arta vanta d'ogn'altra maggiore\" <br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Rinaldo, \"Ah, disponi di mia sorte\" < br> Act II, scene 5 - Accompanied recitative for Armida, \"Vieni, odio implacabile\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Chorus of furies Act II, scene 6 - Aria of Armida, \"Se il mio duolo, se il mio fato\" <br> Act II, scene 7 - Aria of Odio, \"Mi chiamerai ma in vano\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Chorus with Lucinda, \"Ecco la calma\" <br> Act II , scene 9 - Cavatina of Lucinda, \"Qui senza stento\" <br> Act II, scene 9 - Duet for Lucinda and the Cavalier Danese, \"Qual v'a pi\u00f9 bel piacer\" <br> Act II, scene 11 - Cavatina of Melissa, \"Perche veder deggio\" <br>", "In the film, she portrays the second-eldest daughter, Hodel, who falls in love with Perchik, a student radical who breaks tradition by dancing hand-in-hand with Hodel at her older sister's wedding. After Perchik asks her to marry him\u2014another break with tradition\u2014the couple tells Tevye that they do not seek his permission to marry, only his blessing. When Perchik is exiled to Siberia, Hodel leaves home to join him. Marsh is one of the singers of \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" and performs the solo \"Far From the Home I Love\". After completing \"Fiddler on the Roof\", Marsh moved to Los Angeles and appeared mainly in television and in West Coast theatre. Movin on \"witch Hunt\" (1976) Marsh lives in Idyllwild, California, with her third husband, Peter Szabadi, a retired litigation attorney. They married in 2005. Her first husband was Van Cade Marsh, Jr.; they married in 1965 and divorced in 1970. Her second husband was actor Joel Rudnick; they married in 1972 and divorced in 1981. Marsh performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre, and also serves as a secretary/hospitality director for the group.", "Act I, scene 7 - Aria of Briseide, \"Non \u00e8 la morte\" <br> Act I, scene 8 - Aria of Diomede, \"Prometti ognor la calma\" <br> Act I, scene 9 - Aria of Ariobate, \" Di che pupille amabili\" <br> Act I, scene 11 - Duet for Argene and Bellerofonte, \"Vanne pur, ma dimmi pria\" Act II, scene 1 - Aria of Atamante, \"Gi\u00e0 cinto sembrami\" < br> Act II, scene 2 - Aria of Diomede, \"Come potrai, tiranno\" < br> Act II, scene 4 - Aria of Bellerofonte, \"Parto, ma in quest'istante\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Accompanied recitative for Argene, \"Sarete alfin contenti\" <br> Act II, scene 5 - Aria of Argene, \"Ch'io mai capace\" <br> Act II, scene 10 - Aria of Ariobate, \"Pria ch'io perda\" <br> Act II, scene 11 - Aria of Argene, \"Palesar vorrei col pianto\" <br> Act II, scene 12 - Aria of Briseide, \" Se ognor fa cento\" <br> Act II, scene 13 - Accompanied recitative for Bellerofonte, \"Dell'indomita belva,\" with aria, \"Di quei sassi\" < br> Act II, scene 14 - Accompanied recitative for Minerva, \"Calma del petto,\" with cavatina , \"Riedano gli astri amici\" <br>", "The LP film soundtrack notably retained their names; Yitzhak and Avram, however this was also omitted the film's release. Instead, an on-set, improvised take of Topol (saying 'he sold him'), rather than the recorded dubbing, was used. Seven additional scenes were added to the film: The scene with Hodel and Perchik, where he plans to leave to start a revolution, was extended in the film. A new song sung by Perchik was recorded (\"Any Day Now\"), but was omitted from the final print; however, it was included in the 2004 reissue of the soundtrack. The song was later implemented in the 2018 Yiddish production as a song sung by Perchik to Shprintze and Bielke. When the film was re-released to theaters in 1979, 32 minutes were cut, including the songs \"Far from the Home I Love\" and \"Anatevka\". In the film, Tevye and Lazar Wolf discuss Wolf's proposed marriage to Tzeitel in Wolf's home, then go to the tavern for a celebration drink. In the stage version, the two meet directly in the tavern. The film shows Wolf's home as filled with golden artifacts. Prior to Lazar Wolf entering the scene, Tevye speaks to a female servant, who tells him not to touch anything. Although a faithful adaptation of the original stage version, \"Fiddler\" scholar Jan Lisa Huttner has noted several differences between stage and screen. She argues that changes in American culture and politics and developments in Israel led the filmmakers to portray certain characters differently and to offer a different version of Anatevka. For example, the Broadway production cast Bea Arthur as a tall, booming Yente, while the film portrays Yente as tiny and timid.", "In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, an older, and widowed, wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar\u2019s late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married. Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, begins to fall in love with Perchik. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world."], "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#3", "question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "rewrite": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together in Act II of the Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The two dance together, which is considered forbidden by Orthodox Jewish tradition. Perchik tells Hodel that they just changed an old tradition. At Tzeitel and Motel's wedding, an argument breaks out after Lazar presents the newlyweds with gifts. When Tevye tries to speak to Lazar about the Torah, Lazar refuses to listen, arguing that the wedding should have been his all along. Minutes later, another argument breaks out over whether a girl should be able to choose her own husband. Perchik addresses the crowd and says that, since they love each other, it should be left for the couple to decide. He creates further controversy by asking Hodel to dance with him. The crowd gradually warms to the idea and Tevye and Golde, then Motel and Tzeitel, join in dancing. The wedding proceeds with great joy. Suddenly, the military presence in the town, along with the constable, arrive and begin a pogrom, the \"demonstration\" which he had earlier warned Tevye was coming. The constable stops the attack on the wedding celebration after Perchik is wounded in the scuffle with the tsar's men; however, he allows the men to continue destroying property in the village. Tevye and the immediate family stand still, until Tevye angrily orders them to clean up instead of standing around. Tevye silently asks why God allowed this to happen to them. In its original theatrical release, the film was shown with an intermission and entr'acte music.. Months later, Perchik prepares to leave Anatevka for the revolution. He proposes to Hodel, and she accepts. When they tell Tevye, he is furious that they have decided to marry without his permission, but he again relents because they love each other.", "Months later, Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution. He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her. She agrees (\"Now I Have Everything\"). They tell Tevye that they are engaged, and he is appalled that they are flouting tradition by making their own match, especially as Perchik is leaving. When he forbids the marriage, Perchik and Hodel inform him that they do not seek his permission, only his blessing. After more soul searching, Tevye relents - the world is changing, and he must change with it (\"Tevye's Rebuttal\"). He informs the young couple that he gives them his blessing and his permission. Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"Love,\" he says, \"it's the new style.\" Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage, \"Do You Love Me?\" After dismissing Tevye's question as foolish, she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does. Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka. News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia (\"The Rumor/I Just Heard\"), and Hodel is determined to join him there. At the railway station, she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved, wherever he may be, although she will always love her family (\"Far From the Home I Love\"). Time passes. Motel has purchased a used sewing machine, and he and Tzeitel have had a baby. Chava finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow her marriage to Fyedka.", "Alexandra Silber Alexandra Michelle Silber (born July 3, 1983) is an American actress, singer, writer and educator. She has performed roles on Broadway, in London's West End, on television and film, and concert stages. Among other stage roles, in London, she created the role of Laura Fairlie in \"The Woman in White\" (2005), played Hodel in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2007) and Julie Jordan in \"Carousel\" (2008). In New York, she appeared in \"Hello Again\" (2010), \"Master Class\" (2011), created the role of Sara Jane in \"Arlington\" (2012\u201314) and as Tzeitel in the Broadway revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2015). Silber's debut novel \"After Anatevka\" (chronicling what happens to the characters of Hodel and Perchik made famous by the Sholem Aleichem stories and in the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\") and \"White Hot Grief Parade\", a memoir about losing her father to cancer when she was 18, are set to be published by Pegasus Books in 2017 and 2018 respectively. Silber was born in Los Angeles, and raised in metro-Detroit. She is the daughter of Catherine (Noriega) and Michael D. Silber. Her father is Jewish and her mother, who is of Hispanic and Irish descent, is Catholic. She is a graduate of the Interlochen Center for the Arts and the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland. In July 2005 she made her West End debut as Laura Fairlie in the original production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Woman in White\".", "In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, an older, and widowed, wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar\u2019s late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married. Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, begins to fall in love with Perchik. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world.", "In the film, she portrays the second-eldest daughter, Hodel, who falls in love with Perchik, a student radical who breaks tradition by dancing hand-in-hand with Hodel at her older sister's wedding. After Perchik asks her to marry him\u2014another break with tradition\u2014the couple tells Tevye that they do not seek his permission to marry, only his blessing. When Perchik is exiled to Siberia, Hodel leaves home to join him. Marsh is one of the singers of \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" and performs the solo \"Far From the Home I Love\". After completing \"Fiddler on the Roof\", Marsh moved to Los Angeles and appeared mainly in television and in West Coast theatre. Movin on \"witch Hunt\" (1976) Marsh lives in Idyllwild, California, with her third husband, Peter Szabadi, a retired litigation attorney. They married in 2005. Her first husband was Van Cade Marsh, Jr.; they married in 1965 and divorced in 1970. Her second husband was actor Joel Rudnick; they married in 1972 and divorced in 1981. Marsh performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre, and also serves as a secretary/hospitality director for the group."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#4", "question": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel?", "rewrite": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel in the Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the film, she portrays the second-eldest daughter, Hodel, who falls in love with Perchik, a student radical who breaks tradition by dancing hand-in-hand with Hodel at her older sister's wedding. After Perchik asks her to marry him\u2014another break with tradition\u2014the couple tells Tevye that they do not seek his permission to marry, only his blessing. When Perchik is exiled to Siberia, Hodel leaves home to join him. Marsh is one of the singers of \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" and performs the solo \"Far From the Home I Love\". After completing \"Fiddler on the Roof\", Marsh moved to Los Angeles and appeared mainly in television and in West Coast theatre. Movin on \"witch Hunt\" (1976) Marsh lives in Idyllwild, California, with her third husband, Peter Szabadi, a retired litigation attorney. They married in 2005. Her first husband was Van Cade Marsh, Jr.; they married in 1965 and divorced in 1970. Her second husband was actor Joel Rudnick; they married in 1972 and divorced in 1981. Marsh performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre, and also serves as a secretary/hospitality director for the group.", "Months later, Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution. He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her. She agrees (\"Now I Have Everything\"). They tell Tevye that they are engaged, and he is appalled that they are flouting tradition by making their own match, especially as Perchik is leaving. When he forbids the marriage, Perchik and Hodel inform him that they do not seek his permission, only his blessing. After more soul searching, Tevye relents - the world is changing, and he must change with it (\"Tevye's Rebuttal\"). He informs the young couple that he gives them his blessing and his permission. Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"Love,\" he says, \"it's the new style.\" Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage, \"Do You Love Me?\" After dismissing Tevye's question as foolish, she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does. Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka. News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia (\"The Rumor/I Just Heard\"), and Hodel is determined to join him there. At the railway station, she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved, wherever he may be, although she will always love her family (\"Far From the Home I Love\"). Time passes. Motel has purchased a used sewing machine, and he and Tzeitel have had a baby. Chava finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow her marriage to Fyedka.", "In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, an older, and widowed, wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar\u2019s late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married. Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, begins to fall in love with Perchik. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world.", "Alexandra Silber Alexandra Michelle Silber (born July 3, 1983) is an American actress, singer, writer and educator. She has performed roles on Broadway, in London's West End, on television and film, and concert stages. Among other stage roles, in London, she created the role of Laura Fairlie in \"The Woman in White\" (2005), played Hodel in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2007) and Julie Jordan in \"Carousel\" (2008). In New York, she appeared in \"Hello Again\" (2010), \"Master Class\" (2011), created the role of Sara Jane in \"Arlington\" (2012\u201314) and as Tzeitel in the Broadway revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2015). Silber's debut novel \"After Anatevka\" (chronicling what happens to the characters of Hodel and Perchik made famous by the Sholem Aleichem stories and in the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\") and \"White Hot Grief Parade\", a memoir about losing her father to cancer when she was 18, are set to be published by Pegasus Books in 2017 and 2018 respectively. Silber was born in Los Angeles, and raised in metro-Detroit. She is the daughter of Catherine (Noriega) and Michael D. Silber. Her father is Jewish and her mother, who is of Hispanic and Irish descent, is Catholic. She is a graduate of the Interlochen Center for the Arts and the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland. In July 2005 she made her West End debut as Laura Fairlie in the original production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Woman in White\".", "The two dance together, which is considered forbidden by Orthodox Jewish tradition. Perchik tells Hodel that they just changed an old tradition. At Tzeitel and Motel's wedding, an argument breaks out after Lazar presents the newlyweds with gifts. When Tevye tries to speak to Lazar about the Torah, Lazar refuses to listen, arguing that the wedding should have been his all along. Minutes later, another argument breaks out over whether a girl should be able to choose her own husband. Perchik addresses the crowd and says that, since they love each other, it should be left for the couple to decide. He creates further controversy by asking Hodel to dance with him. The crowd gradually warms to the idea and Tevye and Golde, then Motel and Tzeitel, join in dancing. The wedding proceeds with great joy. Suddenly, the military presence in the town, along with the constable, arrive and begin a pogrom, the \"demonstration\" which he had earlier warned Tevye was coming. The constable stops the attack on the wedding celebration after Perchik is wounded in the scuffle with the tsar's men; however, he allows the men to continue destroying property in the village. Tevye and the immediate family stand still, until Tevye angrily orders them to clean up instead of standing around. Tevye silently asks why God allowed this to happen to them. In its original theatrical release, the film was shown with an intermission and entr'acte music.. Months later, Perchik prepares to leave Anatevka for the revolution. He proposes to Hodel, and she accepts. When they tell Tevye, he is furious that they have decided to marry without his permission, but he again relents because they love each other."], "answer": {"text": "Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution.", "answer_start": 28}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#5", "question": "Was Hodel a soldier?", "rewrite": "Was Hodel a soldier in the Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["George Hodel George Hill Hodel Jr. (October 10, 1907 \u2013 May 16, 1999) was an American physician. After the 1947 murder of Elizabeth Short, a.k.a. the Black Dahlia, police came to consider Hodel a suspect. He was never formally charged with the crime, and came to wider attention as a suspect after his death when he was accused by his son, Los Angeles homicide detective Steve Hodel, of killing Short and committing several additional murders. Prior to the Dahlia case, he was also a suspect in the death of his secretary, Ruth Spaulding, but was not charged. He was also accused of raping his own daughter, Tamar Hodel, but was acquitted for that crime. He fled the country several times, and spent time between 1950 and 1990 in the Philippines. George Hill Hodel Jr. was born on October 10, 1907, and raised in Los Angeles, California. His parents, George Hodel Sr. and Esther Hodel, were of Russian Jewish ancestry. Their only son, he was well-educated and highly intelligent (scoring 186 on an early IQ test). He was also a musical prodigy, playing solo piano concerts at Los Angeles' Shrine Auditorium. Composer Sergei Rachmaninoff traveled to his parents' house to hear the boy play. Hodel attended South Pasadena High School and graduated at age 15 and entered the prestigious California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, but was forced to leave the university after one year, due to a sex scandal involving a professor's wife, though this is not the only account. He had impregnated the woman, and wanted to raise their child together, but she refused. The affair between Hodel and the woman had caused her marriage to fall apart.", "One Day She'll Darken: The Mysterious Beginnings of Fauna Hodel One Day She'll Darken: The Mysterious Beginnings of Fauna Hodel is a memoir and true crime book by Fauna Hodel written with J. R. Briamonte. The story documents her connection to her grandfather, George Hodel, a prime suspect in the infamous Black Dahlia murder mystery. The book inspired \"I Am the Night\", a 2019 six-episode limited television series, with the part of Fauna played by India Eisley. The book was originally published by Outskirts Press in 2008. It was re-published in 2019 by Graymalkin Media and includes an eight-page photo insert from Hodel's personal collection. The book offers Hodel's unique perspective on adoption, race relations, and her family history. Hodel is given birth to by 16-year-old Tamar Hodel, the daughter of prominent Los Angeles doctor and socialite George Hodel. George Hodel was a prime suspect in the Black Dahlia murder mystery, giving Fauna's memoir a connection to what is frequently cited as one of the most famous unsolved murders in American history. Fauna's birth father was unknown, and the troubled Tamar gives up Fauna for adoption. Because her father is listed on her birth certificate as \"unknown Negro,\" Fauna ends up with an African-American family in Reno, Nevada. Told she was multiracial, Fauna is raised by Jimmie Lee Greenwade (later Faison) and given the new name \"Pat.\" She spends her formative years during the civil rights movement, not knowing her real name or parentage.", "Fauna Hodel Fauna Hodel (August 1, 1951 \u2013 September 30, 2017) was an American author and motivational speaker, who wrote the true-crime memoir \"\", documenting her unusual beginnings and the connection to her grandfather, George Hodel, a prime suspect in the infamous Black Dahlia murder mystery. Born August 1, 1951, in San Francisco, Hodel was the first child of 16-year-old Tamar Nais Hodel and the granddaughter of Los Angeles doctor and socialite George Hodel. Fauna's birth father was unknown, and the troubled Tamar gave up Fauna for adoption. Because her father was listed on her birth certificate as an \"unknown Negro,\" Fauna ended up with an African-American family in Reno, Nevada. Told she was multiracial, Fauna was raised by Jimmie Lee Greenwade (later Faison) and given the name \"Patricia Ann Greenwade\". She spent her formative years not knowing her real name or parentage. Fauna later learned her true origins, which revealed her connection to the controversial 1949 incest trial of George Hodel on accusations by Tamar as well as George Hodel's connection to the still-unsolved Black Dahlia case. Hodel's unique perspective on adoption, race relations, and her family history led her to write the unreleased 1991 film \"Pretty Hattie's Baby\", directed by Ivan Passer and starring Alfre Woodard. Hodel served as the film's executive producer and creative consultant. Her memoir \"\" (written with J. R. Briamonte) was published by Outskirts Press in 2008. It was re-published in 2019 by Graymalkin Media, including an eight-page photo insert from Hodel's personal collection.", "Nathan Hodel Nathan William Hodel (; born November 12, 1977) is a former American football long snapper. He was signed by the Carolina Panthers as an undrafted free agent in 2001. He played college football at Illinois. Hodel was also a member of the Arizona Cardinals, New England Patriots and Detroit Lions. Hodel attended Belleville East High School in Belleville, Illinois, and was a two-sport star in baseball and football. In football, he was the team captain and an All-Conference pick as an offensive lineman. In baseball, he was a pitcher, the team captain,an All-Conference pitcher,and an all-Illinois prep pitcher. At the University of Illinois, Hodel was a long snapper on the football team and a pitcher on the baseball team. After graduating from college in 2001, Hodel spent six games on the practice squad with the Carolina Panthers and was then released. Hodel signed with the Arizona Cardinals shortly after his release by the Panthers and spent the next nine games on their practice squad. He was activated to the Cardinals' 53-man roster for the last two games of the 2001 season but did not enter a game. He handled long snapping duties with the Cardinals from 2002 to 2008. Hodel was released by the Cardinals on February 26, 2009. Hodel was signed by the New England Patriots on March 10, 2009 after the team's previous long snapper, Lonie Paxton, signed with the Denver Broncos. Hodel signed with the Detroit Lions on December 17, 2009 after an injury to Lions long snapper Don Muhlbach. The Lions waived Hodel on December 24. Hodel retired after the 2009 season and now lives with his family in Wauconda, Illinois. He finished his NFL career playing in 133 games. He is fifth in Arizona Cardinals history in consecutive games played at 132.", "After George Hodel died in 1999, his son Steve Hodel, a former LAPD homicide detective, wanted to learn more about his father. During that process he uncovered information that led him to believe his father was in fact Elizabeth Short's killer. His investigation began with the discovery of a photo album owned by George Hodel, which contained a portrait of a dark-haired young woman whom Steve Hodel believed was Elizabeth Short. During Steve Hodel's investigation, he learned that his father may have been responsible for more than one murder. Steve Hodel also suspected his father of being the Chicago \"Lipstick Killer\" of the late 1940s, the Manila \"Jigsaw Murderer\" of 1967, and even the San Francisco \"Zodiac Killer\" of the late 1960s, among other such crimes. A September 2006 episode of \"Cold Case Files\", hosted by Bill Kurtis, illustrates the mixed reaction to Steve Hodel's hypothesis as outlined in his first book, \"Black Dahlia Avenger\" (2003). Head Deputy District Attorney Stephen Kay described himself as highly impressed by Steve Hodel's research and conclusions and even went so far as to declare the case had been solved. Others have noted that Kay, who has since retired, formed this conclusion by treating Steve Hodel's many disputed assertions as established fact. Less impressed was active Detective Brian Carr, the LAPD officer then in charge of the Black Dahlia case which was still officially open. Carr's opinion was that Hodel's theory was based on a few intriguing facts linked together by unsubstantiated supposition. Short's relatives also disagreed that the photos in Hodel's album were of Short. Carr added that if he ever took a case as weak as Steve Hodel's to a prosecutor he would be \"laughed out of the office\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#6", "question": "Was Tevye in Act II?", "rewrite": "Was Tevye in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tevye Tevye the Dairyman (, \"Tevye der milkhiker\" ) is the fictional narrator and protagonist of a series of short stories by Sholem Aleichem, and various adaptations of them, the most famous being the stage/film musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\". Tevye is a pious Jewish milkman living in Tsarist Russia, the patriarch of a family including several troublesome daughters. The village of Boyberik, where the stories are set (renamed Anatevka in \"Fiddler on the Roof),\" is based on the town of Boyarka, Ukraine, then part of the Russian Empire. The stories were written in Yiddish and first published in 1894; they have been published as \"Tevye and His Daughters\", \"Tevye's Daughters\", \"Tevye the Milkman\", and \"Tevye the Dairyman\". As Tevye \"tells\" Aleichem the tales of his family life, six of his seven daughters (Beilke, Chava, Hodel, Shprintze, Taybele, and Tzeitel) are named, and of these five play leading roles in Tevye's stories. The stories tell of his business dealings, the romantic dealings and marriages of several of his daughters, and the expulsion of the Jews from their village by the Russian government. The Tevye stories have been adapted for stage and film several times. Sholem Aleichem's own Yiddish stage adaptation was not produced during his lifetime; its first production, by Maurice Schwartz, was in 1919. (Schwartz did a film based on the play twenty years later.) The Broadway musical was based on a play written by Arnold Perl called \"Tevye and His Daughters\".", "Fiddler on the Roof (film) Fiddler on the Roof is a 1971 American musical comedy-drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison. It is an adaptation of the 1964 Broadway musical of the same name, with music composed by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and screenplay by Joseph Stein and based on stories by Sholem Aleichem. Starring Topol, Norma Crane, Leonard Frey, Molly Picon, and Paul Mann, the film centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives. He must cope both with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry for love \u2013 each one's choice of a husband moves further away from the customs of his faith \u2013 and with the edict of the Tsar who evicts the Jews from the town of Anatevka. Throughout the film, Tevye talks to God and directly to the audience, breaking the fourth wall. In these monologues, Tevye ponders tradition, the difficulties of being poor, the Jewish community's constant fear of harassment from their non-Jewish neighbors, and important family decisions. The film was released to critical acclaim and won three Academy Awards, including Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song Score for arranger-conductor John Williams. It was nominated for several more, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Topol as Tevye, and Best Supporting Actor for Frey, who played Motel Kamzoil the Tailor. Topol and Frey had performed in stage productions of the musical; Topol as Tevye in the London production and Frey in a minor part as Mendel, the rabbi's son, on Broadway. The film's plot largely follows that of the musical from which it is adapted.", "Rod and John also appeared alongside other Broadway stars in a World AIDS Day benefit concert of \"Pippin\" held at the Manhattan Center on November 29, 2004; Rod played \"The Head.\" In another Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS benefit in 2005, the original cast of \"Avenue Q\" and the cast of the Broadway revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" presented a 10-minute spoof of both musicals called \"Avenue Jew.\" As a brief prologue, Trekkie Monster poorly plays the \"Fiddler\" theme, pauses a moment, shrugs, and then eats the fiddle before running away. Tevye, his wife Golde, his two remaining daughters and the Fiddler, having immigrated to the US, arrive on Avenue Jew, an area inhabited by Jewish versions of the \"Avenue Q\" characters. Kate Monster welcomes them and the family expresses disbelief that a puppet is talking to them. Tevye introduces himself and his family and finally realizes that the Fiddler is with them, so he chases him away. Later in the song \"The Puppets/ The Humans,\" the humans are fed-up with the puppets upstaging them; Tevye and his family meet Brian and his wife \"Hannukah Eve\" when Jewish-American Princeton arrives, asking \"What do you do with a B.A. in Yiddish? \" One of Tevye's daughter's, Shprintze, falls in love with Princeton, but Tevye forbids their union even though he likes Princeton. Princeton only says \"I know, I know. If I were a human...\". Rod begs the Matchmaker to find him a mate, and the Matchmaker, played by Mrs. Thistletwat, sets Rod up with Lazar Wolf (\"I'm a lonely man, Tevye\").", "\"Tevye the Dairyman\" had four film adaptations: in Yiddish (1939), Hebrew (1968), English (1971) and Russian (2017). Tevye's name in Hebrew is \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d1, \"Tovya ha-cholev\", , \"Tevye\" being the Ashkenazi pronunciation of Tobias. \"Tevye the Dairyman\" comprises eight stories, with Tevye each time supposedly meeting Sholom Aleichem by chance and relating the latest tale of his trials and tribulations. They have been published in translation under the following titles: The original stories included events not depicted in \"Fiddler on the Roof\". For instance, by the time of the events of \"Lekh-Lekho\", Tevye's wife Golde and Tzeitl's husband Motl (Motel) have both died (Tevye's daughter Shprintze is also dead, as stated in the story \"Shprintze\"). Also, in \"Lekh-Lekho\", upon learning of the Jews' expulsion, Chava leaves her Russian Orthodox husband, wanting to return to her family and share their exile. Aleichem leaves it to the reader to decide whether or not Tevye forgives her and takes her back, saying: and ending the story with \"The old God of Israel still lives!\" A 2009 translation includes a final short story entitled \"Vachalaklokos\" that takes place after \"Lekh-Lekho\". Other translations include:  The story \"Tevye Strikes It Rich\" was adapted for children by Gabriel Lisowski in 1976 and published under the title \"How Tevye Became a Milkman\". The Tevye stories have been recorded and commercially released twice:", "Paul Michael Glaser, who played Perchik in the 1971 film version, played Tevye in a 2013\u201314 touring production in the United Kingdom. \"Tevya\" is the name of a 1939 film adaptation of the story, performed entirely in Yiddish. In this adaptation, Tevye, played by Maurice Schwartz, is portrayed as gruff with flashes of wit and humor. Prior to the 1964 Broadway debut of \"Fiddler on the Roof\", adaptations of the Tevye stories appeared on stage and screen, in America and beyond. The earliest screen version was an American silent film called Broken Barriers, based on Aleichem's own theatrical treatment and released in 1919 (just a few years after Aleichem died). In 1962 Gerhard Klingenberg directed the television film \"Tuvia Vesheva Benotav\", released in English as \"Tevye and His Seven Daughters\". After \"Fiddler on the Roof\" became a Broadway sensation, an Israeli film called \"Tuvia Vesheva Benotav\" (also \"Tevye and His Seven Daughters\") starring Shmuel Rodensky was released in 1968, as well as two Russian versions: \"Teve-molochnik\" (Tevye the Milkman) in 1985 and \"Myr vashomu domu!\" (Tevye's Daughters) in 2017."], "answer": {"text": "Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"", "answer_start": 673}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Hodel a soldier?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#7", "question": "What was the reaction of Golde?", "rewrite": "What was the reaction of Golde upon listening to Tevye in the Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, an older, and widowed, wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar\u2019s late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married. Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, begins to fall in love with Perchik. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world.", "\"Tevye the Dairyman\" had four film adaptations: in Yiddish (1939), Hebrew (1968), English (1971) and Russian (2017). Tevye's name in Hebrew is \u05d8\u05d5\u05d1\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d7\u05d5\u05dc\u05d1, \"Tovya ha-cholev\", , \"Tevye\" being the Ashkenazi pronunciation of Tobias. \"Tevye the Dairyman\" comprises eight stories, with Tevye each time supposedly meeting Sholom Aleichem by chance and relating the latest tale of his trials and tribulations. They have been published in translation under the following titles: The original stories included events not depicted in \"Fiddler on the Roof\". For instance, by the time of the events of \"Lekh-Lekho\", Tevye's wife Golde and Tzeitl's husband Motl (Motel) have both died (Tevye's daughter Shprintze is also dead, as stated in the story \"Shprintze\"). Also, in \"Lekh-Lekho\", upon learning of the Jews' expulsion, Chava leaves her Russian Orthodox husband, wanting to return to her family and share their exile. Aleichem leaves it to the reader to decide whether or not Tevye forgives her and takes her back, saying: and ending the story with \"The old God of Israel still lives!\" A 2009 translation includes a final short story entitled \"Vachalaklokos\" that takes place after \"Lekh-Lekho\". Other translations include:  The story \"Tevye Strikes It Rich\" was adapted for children by Gabriel Lisowski in 1976 and published under the title \"How Tevye Became a Milkman\". The Tevye stories have been recorded and commercially released twice:", "Rod and John also appeared alongside other Broadway stars in a World AIDS Day benefit concert of \"Pippin\" held at the Manhattan Center on November 29, 2004; Rod played \"The Head.\" In another Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS benefit in 2005, the original cast of \"Avenue Q\" and the cast of the Broadway revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" presented a 10-minute spoof of both musicals called \"Avenue Jew.\" As a brief prologue, Trekkie Monster poorly plays the \"Fiddler\" theme, pauses a moment, shrugs, and then eats the fiddle before running away. Tevye, his wife Golde, his two remaining daughters and the Fiddler, having immigrated to the US, arrive on Avenue Jew, an area inhabited by Jewish versions of the \"Avenue Q\" characters. Kate Monster welcomes them and the family expresses disbelief that a puppet is talking to them. Tevye introduces himself and his family and finally realizes that the Fiddler is with them, so he chases him away. Later in the song \"The Puppets/ The Humans,\" the humans are fed-up with the puppets upstaging them; Tevye and his family meet Brian and his wife \"Hannukah Eve\" when Jewish-American Princeton arrives, asking \"What do you do with a B.A. in Yiddish? \" One of Tevye's daughter's, Shprintze, falls in love with Princeton, but Tevye forbids their union even though he likes Princeton. Princeton only says \"I know, I know. If I were a human...\". Rod begs the Matchmaker to find him a mate, and the Matchmaker, played by Mrs. Thistletwat, sets Rod up with Lazar Wolf (\"I'm a lonely man, Tevye\").", "Do You Love Me? (Fiddler on the Roof) \"Do You Love Me?\" is a song from the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\". It is performed by Tevye and his wife Golde. Chaim Topol explained: Tevye and Golde's daughters choose men they love as marital partners. As they themselves had an arranged marriage, Tevye asks Golde if she actually loves him. Southern light Opera explains \"\u2018Do you love me\u2019 sums up the confusion in Tevye's mind as times change\". Culture in Northern Ireland described it as \"lovely\". According to \"The Irish Times\", \"In an enchanting duet with his wife, Tevye philosophises about the existence of love in his own 25-year marriage \u2013 Do You Love Me is one of the most memorable songs of the evening and captures the vividness of Sheldon Harnick\u2019s lyrics.\" Daily Breeze says \"There\u2019s no surprise at the end of the couple\u2019s duet, \u201cDo You Love Me?\u201d when indeed she reveals her love. \" Seen and Heard names it \"bittersweet\". The Shuttle described it as \"an inoffensive but adorable highlight\". Talkin' Broadway notes one performance was \"sweet, charming and completely realistic\". Decent Films Guide called it \"quietly bittersweet\". Des Moines Register named it an \"old-married-couple duet\".", "Tevye tells Golde his reasons for consenting to their daughter's marriage, which leads them to re-evaluate their own arranged marriage. Tevye and Golde ultimately realize that, despite having been paired by a matchmaker, they do love each other. Weeks later, Perchik is arrested in Kiev and is exiled to Siberia. Hodel decides to join him there. She promises Tevye that she and Perchik will be married under a canopy. Meanwhile, Tzeitel and Motel become parents, and the latter finally buys the sewing machine for which he has long scrimped and saved. Tevye's third daughter Chava falls in love with a Russian Orthodox Christian named Fyedka. Tevye tells Chava to be distant friends with Fyedka, because of the difference in their religions. When Chava eventually works up the courage to ask Tevye's permission to marry Fyedka, Tevye tells her that marrying outside the family's faith is against tradition. He forbids her from having any contact with Fyedka or from even mentioning his name. The next morning, Fyedka and Chava elope and are married in a Russian Orthodox church. Golde learns of the marriage when she meets up with the priest. When a grief-stricken Golde tells Tevye about the marriage, he tells her that Chava is dead to the family and that they shall forget her altogether. Chava asks Tevye to accept her marriage. In a soliloquy, Tevye concludes that he cannot accept Chava marrying a non-Jew. He accuses her of abandoning the Jewish faith and disowns her. One winter day, the Jews of Anatevka are notified that they have three days to leave the village or be forced out by the government."], "answer": {"text": "she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does.", "answer_start": 883}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Hodel a soldier?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Tevye in Act II?", "answer": {"text": "Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#8", "question": "Who had Golde been with for 25 years?", "rewrite": "Who had Golde been with for 25 years in the Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Do You Love Me? (Fiddler on the Roof) \"Do You Love Me?\" is a song from the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\". It is performed by Tevye and his wife Golde. Chaim Topol explained: Tevye and Golde's daughters choose men they love as marital partners. As they themselves had an arranged marriage, Tevye asks Golde if she actually loves him. Southern light Opera explains \"\u2018Do you love me\u2019 sums up the confusion in Tevye's mind as times change\". Culture in Northern Ireland described it as \"lovely\". According to \"The Irish Times\", \"In an enchanting duet with his wife, Tevye philosophises about the existence of love in his own 25-year marriage \u2013 Do You Love Me is one of the most memorable songs of the evening and captures the vividness of Sheldon Harnick\u2019s lyrics.\" Daily Breeze says \"There\u2019s no surprise at the end of the couple\u2019s duet, \u201cDo You Love Me?\u201d when indeed she reveals her love. \" Seen and Heard names it \"bittersweet\". The Shuttle described it as \"an inoffensive but adorable highlight\". Talkin' Broadway notes one performance was \"sweet, charming and completely realistic\". Decent Films Guide called it \"quietly bittersweet\". Des Moines Register named it an \"old-married-couple duet\".", "Franne Golde Francine Vicki Golde is an American songwriter, musician, singer and writer. Her songs have appeared on more than 100 million records worldwide, Golde has received BMI awards for singles with The Pussycat Dolls \"Stickwitu\", Randy Travis\u2019s \" A Man Ain't Made of Stone\", The Kinleys' \"Somebody's Out There Watching\" from the \"Touched by an Angel\" , Selena\u2019s \"Dreaming of You\", Jody Watley\u2019s \"Don't You Want Me\" and \"Nightshift\" by the Commodores, which also won a Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group and received a Grammy nomination for Song of the Year. Most recently, Franne has started her own clothing line known for creating \"The Perfect Black Pant.\" Early in her career, Golde found a home away from home in a rented studio at the Chess Records in Chicago. Her teachers were the R&B artists, producers and songwriters who recorded there and soon took Golde under their wing. She soon formed her first band, Frannie and Zoey, which received local acclaim, and she was on her way to making records herself for Atlantic and later Epic/Portrait. In the early 1980s, Golde began writing with songwriter Carole Bayer Sager, who introduced her to Richard Perry. He was impressed with Golde and convinced her to move to Los Angeles and signed her to his publishing company Braintree Music. Soon after Diana Ross cut \"Gettin' Ready for Love\", the first song Golde co-wrote with Tom Snow, under her new deal with Perry. The Top 10 international hit graced Ross album, \"Baby It's Me\". Golde also wrote the Dennis Edwards/ Siedah Garrett duet,", "Concerts at New York City Center; the title role in \"The Ballad of Little Jo\" (2000) at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in Chicago; \"Eli's Comin\" (2001) Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre Company (for which she won an Obie Award); \"The Highest Yellow\" (2004) at the Signature Theater in Virginia; and \"Three Sisters\" (2005) In a new adaption by Craig Lucas at the Intiman Theater in Seattle, Washington. On October 23, 2007, Kuhn returned to the Broadway production of \"Les Mis\u00e9rables\" after 20 years, this time assuming the role of Fantine. She succeeded Lea Salonga and remained with the show until the revival ended on January 6, 2008. Kuhn portrayed Fosca in the Off-Broadway Classic Stage Company revival of the Stephen Sondheim-James Lapine musical \"Passion\" from its opening in February 2013 through its scheduled closing in April 2013. Kuhn has previously played Fosca, in the Stephen Sondheim celebration production in 2002 at the Kennedy Center. In 2013, Kuhn originated the role of Helen Bechdel in the off-Broadway Public Theater production of the musical \"Fun Home\", which began its run September 30, 2013 and opened officially on October 22, 2013. The run was extended multiple times and closed on January 12, 2014. She played the same role in the Broadway production, which ran from April 2015 to September 10, 2016 at the Circle in the Square. Kuhn played the role of \"Golde\" in the Broadway revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\", starting on November 22, 2016. She plays Golde in the Menier Chocolate Factory (London) production of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" which began on December 5, 2018 and runs to March 9, 2019.", "In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, an older, and widowed, wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar\u2019s late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married. Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, begins to fall in love with Perchik. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world.", "Moore moved to Seattle, Washington, after his surgery and returned to the UCLA Medical Center for follow-up visits with Golde several times, between 1976 and 1983. After a few years of traveling back to Los Angeles to see Golde and to have samples taken of bone marrow, blood, and semen, Moore asked about transferring his care to a doctor closer to home. In response, Golde offered to cover the expense of Moore's airfare and accommodations in Los Angeles, and Moore agreed to continue. In 1983, Moore became suspicious about a new consent form he was asked to sign that said, \"I (do, do not) voluntarily grant to the University of California all rights I, or my heirs, may have in any cell line or any other potential product which might be developed from the blood and/or bone marrow obtained from me\". Moore initially signed the consent but refused at later visits and eventually gave the form to an attorney, who then discovered a patent on Moore's cell line, dubbed \"Mo\", which had been issued to the regents of UCLA in 1984. It named Golde and his research assistant as the inventors. Under an agreement with Genetics Institute, Golde became a paid consultant and acquired the rights to 75,000 shares of common stock in the patent. Genetics Institute also agreed to pay Golde and the regents at least $330,000 over three years, in exchange for exclusive access to the materials and research performed on the cell line and products derived from it. After learning of the patent, Moore filed a lawsuit for a share in the potential profits from products or research that had been derived from his cell line, without his knowledge or consent. Moore's lawsuit alleged that Golde had been aware of the potential for financial benefit when medical consent was obtained, but he had concealed that from Moore."], "answer": {"text": "Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage,", "answer_start": 764}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Hodel a soldier?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Tevye in Act II?", "answer": {"text": "Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the reaction of Golde?", "answer": {"text": "she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#9", "question": "Was there any other characters in Act II?", "rewrite": "Was there any other characters in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof other than Perchik and Hodel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the film, she portrays the second-eldest daughter, Hodel, who falls in love with Perchik, a student radical who breaks tradition by dancing hand-in-hand with Hodel at her older sister's wedding. After Perchik asks her to marry him\u2014another break with tradition\u2014the couple tells Tevye that they do not seek his permission to marry, only his blessing. When Perchik is exiled to Siberia, Hodel leaves home to join him. Marsh is one of the singers of \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" and performs the solo \"Far From the Home I Love\". After completing \"Fiddler on the Roof\", Marsh moved to Los Angeles and appeared mainly in television and in West Coast theatre. Movin on \"witch Hunt\" (1976) Marsh lives in Idyllwild, California, with her third husband, Peter Szabadi, a retired litigation attorney. They married in 2005. Her first husband was Van Cade Marsh, Jr.; they married in 1965 and divorced in 1970. Her second husband was actor Joel Rudnick; they married in 1972 and divorced in 1981. Marsh performs with the Idyllwild Actors Theatre, and also serves as a secretary/hospitality director for the group.", "Months later, Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution. He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her. She agrees (\"Now I Have Everything\"). They tell Tevye that they are engaged, and he is appalled that they are flouting tradition by making their own match, especially as Perchik is leaving. When he forbids the marriage, Perchik and Hodel inform him that they do not seek his permission, only his blessing. After more soul searching, Tevye relents - the world is changing, and he must change with it (\"Tevye's Rebuttal\"). He informs the young couple that he gives them his blessing and his permission. Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"Love,\" he says, \"it's the new style.\" Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage, \"Do You Love Me?\" After dismissing Tevye's question as foolish, she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does. Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka. News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia (\"The Rumor/I Just Heard\"), and Hodel is determined to join him there. At the railway station, she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved, wherever he may be, although she will always love her family (\"Far From the Home I Love\"). Time passes. Motel has purchased a used sewing machine, and he and Tzeitel have had a baby. Chava finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow her marriage to Fyedka.", "The two dance together, which is considered forbidden by Orthodox Jewish tradition. Perchik tells Hodel that they just changed an old tradition. At Tzeitel and Motel's wedding, an argument breaks out after Lazar presents the newlyweds with gifts. When Tevye tries to speak to Lazar about the Torah, Lazar refuses to listen, arguing that the wedding should have been his all along. Minutes later, another argument breaks out over whether a girl should be able to choose her own husband. Perchik addresses the crowd and says that, since they love each other, it should be left for the couple to decide. He creates further controversy by asking Hodel to dance with him. The crowd gradually warms to the idea and Tevye and Golde, then Motel and Tzeitel, join in dancing. The wedding proceeds with great joy. Suddenly, the military presence in the town, along with the constable, arrive and begin a pogrom, the \"demonstration\" which he had earlier warned Tevye was coming. The constable stops the attack on the wedding celebration after Perchik is wounded in the scuffle with the tsar's men; however, he allows the men to continue destroying property in the village. Tevye and the immediate family stand still, until Tevye angrily orders them to clean up instead of standing around. Tevye silently asks why God allowed this to happen to them. In its original theatrical release, the film was shown with an intermission and entr'acte music.. Months later, Perchik prepares to leave Anatevka for the revolution. He proposes to Hodel, and she accepts. When they tell Tevye, he is furious that they have decided to marry without his permission, but he again relents because they love each other.", "In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, an older, and widowed, wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar\u2019s late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married. Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, begins to fall in love with Perchik. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world.", "Alexandra Silber Alexandra Michelle Silber (born July 3, 1983) is an American actress, singer, writer and educator. She has performed roles on Broadway, in London's West End, on television and film, and concert stages. Among other stage roles, in London, she created the role of Laura Fairlie in \"The Woman in White\" (2005), played Hodel in \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2007) and Julie Jordan in \"Carousel\" (2008). In New York, she appeared in \"Hello Again\" (2010), \"Master Class\" (2011), created the role of Sara Jane in \"Arlington\" (2012\u201314) and as Tzeitel in the Broadway revival of \"Fiddler on the Roof\" (2015). Silber's debut novel \"After Anatevka\" (chronicling what happens to the characters of Hodel and Perchik made famous by the Sholem Aleichem stories and in the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\") and \"White Hot Grief Parade\", a memoir about losing her father to cancer when she was 18, are set to be published by Pegasus Books in 2017 and 2018 respectively. Silber was born in Los Angeles, and raised in metro-Detroit. She is the daughter of Catherine (Noriega) and Michael D. Silber. Her father is Jewish and her mother, who is of Hispanic and Irish descent, is Catholic. She is a graduate of the Interlochen Center for the Arts and the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland. In July 2005 she made her West End debut as Laura Fairlie in the original production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's \"The Woman in White\"."], "answer": {"text": "Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka.", "answer_start": 998}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Hodel a soldier?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Tevye in Act II?", "answer": {"text": "Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the reaction of Golde?", "answer": {"text": "she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who had Golde been with for 25 years?", "answer": {"text": "Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage,", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fe70c83b8e040a6ac8fbdb282660ac7_1_q#10", "question": "What is Tzeitel's reaction?", "rewrite": "What is Tzeitel's reaction upon hearing the new from Yente in the Fiddler on the Roof?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to \"scratch out a pleasant, simple tune\" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev, who admonishes them for talking but doing nothing about news of Jews being banished from their villages by the tsar. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, offering him room and board in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters. Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, an older, and widowed, wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar\u2019s late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married. Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, begins to fall in love with Perchik. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world.", "Matchmaker, Matchmaker \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" is a song from the musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\", with music by Jerry Bock and lyrics by Sheldon Harnick. It was later made into a film in 1971. The story revolves around a poor Jewish milkman, Tevye, and his five daughters, as he attempts to maintain his Jewish traditions. His three eldest daughters marry, but each daughter\u2019s choice of husband moves further and further away from their traditions. BlueGobo explains \"The sisters(including Bette Midler) sang \"Matchmaker, Matchmaker\" on the 1968 Tonys as part of a tribute to past Best Musical winners that were still running at the time.\" Tevye and Golde's daughters sing about a matchmaker choosing a partner for them. They are satirising the issue, and mock Yente. Tzeitel, Hodel and Chava sing excitedly about their future marriages, arranged by the matchmaker, Yente. However, Tzeitel, the eldest daughter, warns the others that, as they are from a poor family, they\u2019ll have to marry whoever Yente brings for them, regardless if it\u2019s an unhappy marriage. Towards the end of the song, the girls quickly realise that it may be safer if they didn\u2019t marry, unless he\u2019s a \u201cmatchless match\u201d. Sermons From Seattle explains \"The story [of Fiddler] is that the matchmaker is to meet with the mother and father and match their three daughters to prospective husbands. But the girls want to choose their own partners and not use the matchmaker. Traditions are changing. Those old traditions are beginning to crumble\". This song epitomises the more traditional views regarding this issue that the daughters question at the very beginning.", "Months later, Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution. He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her. She agrees (\"Now I Have Everything\"). They tell Tevye that they are engaged, and he is appalled that they are flouting tradition by making their own match, especially as Perchik is leaving. When he forbids the marriage, Perchik and Hodel inform him that they do not seek his permission, only his blessing. After more soul searching, Tevye relents - the world is changing, and he must change with it (\"Tevye's Rebuttal\"). He informs the young couple that he gives them his blessing and his permission. Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"Love,\" he says, \"it's the new style.\" Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage, \"Do You Love Me?\" After dismissing Tevye's question as foolish, she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does. Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka. News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia (\"The Rumor/I Just Heard\"), and Hodel is determined to join him there. At the railway station, she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved, wherever he may be, although she will always love her family (\"Far From the Home I Love\"). Time passes. Motel has purchased a used sewing machine, and he and Tzeitel have had a baby. Chava finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow her marriage to Fyedka.", "Yenta  Yenta or Yente () is a Yiddish women's given name. It is a variant form of the name \"Yentl\", which ultimately is thought to be derived from the Italian word \"gentile\", meaning 'noble' or 'refined'. The name has entered Yinglish\u2014i.e., become a Yiddish loanword in Jewish varieties of English\u2014as a word referring to a woman who is a gossip or a busybody. The use of \"yenta\" as a word for 'busybody' originated in the age of Yiddish theater. In the 1920s and 1930s the humorist Jacob Adler, writing under the pen name B. Kovner for \"The Jewish Daily Forward\", wrote a series of comic sketches featuring the character Yente Telebende, a henpecking wife. The popularity of the character led to the name developing its colloquial sense of 'a gossip'. There is a mistaken belief that the word for a Jewish matchmaker is \"yenta\" or \"yente\". In reality a Jewish matchmaker is called a \"shadchan\" (\u05e9\u05d3\u05db\u05df). The origin of this error is the 1964 musical \"Fiddler on the Roof\", in which a character named Yente serves as the matchmaker for the village of Anatevka. The name has also been used for:", "The LP film soundtrack notably retained their names; Yitzhak and Avram, however this was also omitted the film's release. Instead, an on-set, improvised take of Topol (saying 'he sold him'), rather than the recorded dubbing, was used. Seven additional scenes were added to the film: The scene with Hodel and Perchik, where he plans to leave to start a revolution, was extended in the film. A new song sung by Perchik was recorded (\"Any Day Now\"), but was omitted from the final print; however, it was included in the 2004 reissue of the soundtrack. The song was later implemented in the 2018 Yiddish production as a song sung by Perchik to Shprintze and Bielke. When the film was re-released to theaters in 1979, 32 minutes were cut, including the songs \"Far from the Home I Love\" and \"Anatevka\". In the film, Tevye and Lazar Wolf discuss Wolf's proposed marriage to Tzeitel in Wolf's home, then go to the tavern for a celebration drink. In the stage version, the two meet directly in the tavern. The film shows Wolf's home as filled with golden artifacts. Prior to Lazar Wolf entering the scene, Tevye speaks to a female servant, who tells him not to touch anything. Although a faithful adaptation of the original stage version, \"Fiddler\" scholar Jan Lisa Huttner has noted several differences between stage and screen. She argues that changes in American culture and politics and developments in Israel led the filmmakers to portray certain characters differently and to offer a different version of Anatevka. For example, the Broadway production cast Bea Arthur as a tall, booming Yente, while the film portrays Yente as tiny and timid."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happens in Act II of Fiddler on the Roof?", "answer": {"text": "He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her.", "answer_start": 85, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who is he?", "answer": {"text": "Perchik", "answer_start": 14, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Perchik send for?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hodel and Perchik get together?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did Perchik have to send for Hodel?", "answer": {"text": "Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution.", "answer_start": 28, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Hodel a soldier?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Tevye in Act II?", "answer": {"text": "Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. \"", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the reaction of Golde?", "answer": {"text": "she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does.", "answer_start": 883, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who had Golde been with for 25 years?", "answer": {"text": "Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage,", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there any other characters in Act II?", "answer": {"text": "Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka.", "answer_start": 998, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#0", "question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "rewrite": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season The 2001\u201302 NBA season was the Bulls' 36th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Bulls re-acquired Charles Oakley from the Toronto Raptors. The Bulls struggled all season long finishing last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Following the season, Oakley signed as a free agent with the Washington Wizards. (See \"2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season\") In 2001-02, the make-up and direction of the Chicago Bulls changed significantly: by the season\u2019s end, a pair of 18-year-old phenoms and an All-Star caliber player were in the line-up while Elton Brand, once thought to be the franchise\u2019s cornerstone for rebuilding efforts, was not. The result was a renewed sense of optimism and hope surrounding the team\u2019s future with Tyson Chandler, Eddy Curry and Jalen Rose as the centers of attention. It all began on the night of the 2001 NBA Draft, when the Bulls used their first-round pick, fourth overall, to select Thornwood High School\u2019s Eddy Curry, a 6-11, 285-pound center. Minutes later, Chicago dealt Brand to the L.A. Clippers for Dominguez High School product Tyson Chandler (picked second overall) and Brian Skinner. Chicago also acquired one of the steals of the draft in Trenton Hassell out of Austin Peay in the second round. With the addition of free agent Eddie Robinson (signed Aug. 7), the new look Bulls, a young and athletic squad, were ready to take the floor. The importance of having NBA experience was again displayed as the team struggled and finished the season 21-61. The beginning of the year was not pleasant for Chicago.", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference.", "Tyson Chandler (American football) Tyson Chandler (born February 2, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle of the National Football League who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at North Carolina State. Chandler was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL draft. He was released on April 15, 2016.", "2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978. The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler ( 2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA). The East team was coached by: The West team was coached by:", "Chris Marcus Christopher Lee Marcus (born December 11, 1979) is a former American basketball player who is best known for his collegiate career at Western Kentucky University between 1999\u20132000 and 2002\u201303. As a student at Olympic High School Marcus was a certified seven-footer, but he did not begin playing basketball until the school's new head coach, David Davis, convinced him to play for the team. Marcus was born in Chicago, Illinois but raised in Charlotte, North Carolina. He grew extremely quickly; by sixth grade he was , in seventh he was , and in eighth grade Marcus stood tall. By the time he was soundly into his high school career, Marcus was a certified seven-footer. However, he did not begin playing basketball until the school's new head coach, David Davis, convinced him to play for the team. The coaching staff worked with him, improving Marcus' fundamentals and acclimatizing him to the nuances of basketball. Despite being so tall, colleges did not try to recruit him that much. A couple Clemson scouts were at one of Marcus' high school games for two \"other\" players on his team, and one of them was then-assistant Clemson coach Dennis Felton. Within the next year, Felton would become the newest head coach at Western Kentucky and recruited Marcus to play for him. Marcus was always insecure about his height and the expectations of basketball greatness that he carried with it. During his recruiting visit to WKU, the players emphasized teamwork and schoolwork while downplaying pressure. This excited Marcus enough to commit to WKU. As a true freshman in 1998\u201399, Marcus did not play basketball in order to focus on his grades, adjustment to college, and to become more prepared to deal with the rigors of college basketball's pace and style."], "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#1", "question": "who were his parents?", "rewrite": "who were Tyson Chandler's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tyson Chandler (American football) Tyson Chandler (born February 2, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle of the National Football League who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at North Carolina State. Chandler was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL draft. He was released on April 15, 2016.", "The first order of business for Mark Cuban and the Mavericks was to re-sign Dirk Nowitzki, and did so on July 4, 2010, when the Mavericks and Dirk agreed to a 4-year deal worth $80M. On July 13, the Dallas Mavericks after losing the opportunity to sign LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Amar'e Stoudemire acquired centers Tyson Chandler and Alexis Ajinca from the Charlotte Bobcats for center Erick Dampier, forward Eduardo N\u00e1jera and guard Matt Carroll. The 2010\u201311 campaign saw the Mavericks fly out of the gate, winning 24 out of their first 29 games. However, on December 27, Dirk Nowitzki sustained a knee injury that derailed the Mavericks momentum, combined with the team's second-leading scorer Caron Butler suffering a season-ending knee injury himself only four nights later, raising questions of if the Mavericks could make it 11 straight 50-win seasons. The Mavericks then went on to drop their next seven games, causing serious concern as to who would lead the offense in Nowitzki's absence. This however would prove to only be a temporary setback because Nowitzki only missed nine games, and admittedly rushed back to assist the Mavericks' reeling offense, and consequently they quickly returned to their winning ways. The Mavericks re-invented their defensive reputation around the league during the 2010\u201311 campaign, mostly in part to off-season acquisition Tyson Chandler (who was later named to the All-Defensive Second Team). The Mavericks battled the San Antonio Spurs all season long for the division title, but instead settled for the 3rd seed, with a 57\u201325 record. However, due to the Mavericks reputation as playoff chokers, many predicted them to be ousted in the first round against the six-seeded Portland Trail Blazers. Yahoo!", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference.", "On December 10, 2008, a little over a month into the season, the Bobcats obtained Boris Diaw and Raja Bell in a trade with Phoenix. The trade turned out to be successful as the team came close to reaching the franchise's first playoff berth, but finished four games out of eighth place with a record of 35-47. Following the season, majority owner Bob Johnson announced he was putting the team up for sale. During the offseason, the team picked Gerald Henderson from Duke 12th overall in the 2009 NBA draft. The Bobcats traded Emeka Okafor for New Orleans Hornets' center Tyson Chandler, and through more trades acquired Stephen Jackson and Acie Law from the Golden State Warriors. On February 27, 2010, it was announced that Johnson had decided to sell the team to Jordan, allowing Jordan to become the first former NBA player to become majority owner of a franchise. On April 9, 2010, the Bobcats clinched their first playoff berth since 2002 with a 104\u2013103 road win over the New Orleans Hornets, finishing the 2009\u201310 season with an overall record of 44\u201338, their first-ever winning season. Gerald Wallace was a huge factor in the playoff run as he became the Bobcats' first and only ever NBA All-Star. However, the Bobcats were swept by the Orlando Magic in 4 games. Despite the departures of Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler, the Bobcats hoped to make the playoffs for a second straight season. Following a dismal 9\u201319 start, Jordan announced that Larry Brown had stepped down as head coach. Paul Silas was hired as their new head coach the same day. The Bobcats sent Wallace to the Portland Trail Blazers and received two first round draft picks, Joel Przybilla, Sean Marks, and Dante Cunningham, also acquiring D. J. White and Morris Peterson in a trade with the Thunder.", "2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season The 2001\u201302 NBA season was the Bulls' 36th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Bulls re-acquired Charles Oakley from the Toronto Raptors. The Bulls struggled all season long finishing last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Following the season, Oakley signed as a free agent with the Washington Wizards. (See \"2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season\") In 2001-02, the make-up and direction of the Chicago Bulls changed significantly: by the season\u2019s end, a pair of 18-year-old phenoms and an All-Star caliber player were in the line-up while Elton Brand, once thought to be the franchise\u2019s cornerstone for rebuilding efforts, was not. The result was a renewed sense of optimism and hope surrounding the team\u2019s future with Tyson Chandler, Eddy Curry and Jalen Rose as the centers of attention. It all began on the night of the 2001 NBA Draft, when the Bulls used their first-round pick, fourth overall, to select Thornwood High School\u2019s Eddy Curry, a 6-11, 285-pound center. Minutes later, Chicago dealt Brand to the L.A. Clippers for Dominguez High School product Tyson Chandler (picked second overall) and Brian Skinner. Chicago also acquired one of the steals of the draft in Trenton Hassell out of Austin Peay in the second round. With the addition of free agent Eddie Robinson (signed Aug. 7), the new look Bulls, a young and athletic squad, were ready to take the floor. The importance of having NBA experience was again displayed as the team struggled and finished the season 21-61. The beginning of the year was not pleasant for Chicago."], "answer": {"text": "Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill,", "answer_start": 21}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#2", "question": "Where did he grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Tyson Chandler grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tyson Chandler (American football) Tyson Chandler (born February 2, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle of the National Football League who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at North Carolina State. Chandler was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL draft. He was released on April 15, 2016.", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference.", "2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978. The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler ( 2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA). The East team was coached by: The West team was coached by:", "2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season The 2001\u201302 NBA season was the Bulls' 36th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Bulls re-acquired Charles Oakley from the Toronto Raptors. The Bulls struggled all season long finishing last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Following the season, Oakley signed as a free agent with the Washington Wizards. (See \"2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season\") In 2001-02, the make-up and direction of the Chicago Bulls changed significantly: by the season\u2019s end, a pair of 18-year-old phenoms and an All-Star caliber player were in the line-up while Elton Brand, once thought to be the franchise\u2019s cornerstone for rebuilding efforts, was not. The result was a renewed sense of optimism and hope surrounding the team\u2019s future with Tyson Chandler, Eddy Curry and Jalen Rose as the centers of attention. It all began on the night of the 2001 NBA Draft, when the Bulls used their first-round pick, fourth overall, to select Thornwood High School\u2019s Eddy Curry, a 6-11, 285-pound center. Minutes later, Chicago dealt Brand to the L.A. Clippers for Dominguez High School product Tyson Chandler (picked second overall) and Brian Skinner. Chicago also acquired one of the steals of the draft in Trenton Hassell out of Austin Peay in the second round. With the addition of free agent Eddie Robinson (signed Aug. 7), the new look Bulls, a young and athletic squad, were ready to take the floor. The importance of having NBA experience was again displayed as the team struggled and finished the season 21-61. The beginning of the year was not pleasant for Chicago.", "On December 10, 2008, a little over a month into the season, the Bobcats obtained Boris Diaw and Raja Bell in a trade with Phoenix. The trade turned out to be successful as the team came close to reaching the franchise's first playoff berth, but finished four games out of eighth place with a record of 35-47. Following the season, majority owner Bob Johnson announced he was putting the team up for sale. During the offseason, the team picked Gerald Henderson from Duke 12th overall in the 2009 NBA draft. The Bobcats traded Emeka Okafor for New Orleans Hornets' center Tyson Chandler, and through more trades acquired Stephen Jackson and Acie Law from the Golden State Warriors. On February 27, 2010, it was announced that Johnson had decided to sell the team to Jordan, allowing Jordan to become the first former NBA player to become majority owner of a franchise. On April 9, 2010, the Bobcats clinched their first playoff berth since 2002 with a 104\u2013103 road win over the New Orleans Hornets, finishing the 2009\u201310 season with an overall record of 44\u201338, their first-ever winning season. Gerald Wallace was a huge factor in the playoff run as he became the Bobcats' first and only ever NBA All-Star. However, the Bobcats were swept by the Orlando Magic in 4 games. Despite the departures of Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler, the Bobcats hoped to make the playoffs for a second straight season. Following a dismal 9\u201319 start, Jordan announced that Larry Brown had stepped down as head coach. Paul Silas was hired as their new head coach the same day. The Bobcats sent Wallace to the Portland Trail Blazers and received two first round draft picks, Joel Przybilla, Sean Marks, and Dante Cunningham, also acquiring D. J. White and Morris Peterson in a trade with the Thunder."], "answer": {"text": "He grew up in a family farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California.", "answer_start": 124}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill,", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#3", "question": "When did his high school career begin?", "rewrite": "When did Tyson Chandler's high school basketball career begin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hilton Armstrong Hilton Julius Armstrong, Jr. ( born November 11, 1984) is an American professional basketball player for the Nagoya Diamond Dolphins of the B.League. During his college basketball career, he played as a forward and center for the University of Connecticut Huskies. He formerly played for the New Orleans Hornets, Sacramento Kings, Houston Rockets, Washington Wizards, Atlanta Hawks, and Golden State Warriors of the NBA. He was also on the pre-season roster of the Indiana Pacers in 2014 and played in a summer league for the Los Angeles Clippers in 2012. After graduating from Peekskill High School, Armstrong started off slowly as a college athlete, averaging under 4 points in each of first 3 seasons at UConn with the Huskies. However, he greatly improved in his senior year, averaging 9.7 points, 6.6 rebounds, and 3.1 blocks, and shooting 61% from the field. He followed after his teammate Josh Boone, and won the Big East Defensive Player of the Year in the 2005\u201306 season. He was declared eligible for the 2006 NBA draft, and was selected by the New Orleans Hornets with the 12th overall pick. Known for his shot-blocking and athleticism, he was anticipated by analysts to be an instant contributor to the Hornets front line, but the team then traded for the Chicago Bulls center Tyson Chandler. Chandler was named the starting center and Armstrong played a reserve role throughout his time with the Hornets. On January 11, 2010, Armstrong was traded to the Sacramento Kings for a conditional 2016 second-round draft pick. On February 18, 2010, Armstrong was traded to the Houston Rockets, along with Kevin Martin, for Carl Landry and Joey Dorsey. He was waived by the Rockets on April 10, 2010. Armstrong signed with the Washington Wizards on July 13, 2010.", "2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season The 2001\u201302 NBA season was the Bulls' 36th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Bulls re-acquired Charles Oakley from the Toronto Raptors. The Bulls struggled all season long finishing last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Following the season, Oakley signed as a free agent with the Washington Wizards. (See \"2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season\") In 2001-02, the make-up and direction of the Chicago Bulls changed significantly: by the season\u2019s end, a pair of 18-year-old phenoms and an All-Star caliber player were in the line-up while Elton Brand, once thought to be the franchise\u2019s cornerstone for rebuilding efforts, was not. The result was a renewed sense of optimism and hope surrounding the team\u2019s future with Tyson Chandler, Eddy Curry and Jalen Rose as the centers of attention. It all began on the night of the 2001 NBA Draft, when the Bulls used their first-round pick, fourth overall, to select Thornwood High School\u2019s Eddy Curry, a 6-11, 285-pound center. Minutes later, Chicago dealt Brand to the L.A. Clippers for Dominguez High School product Tyson Chandler (picked second overall) and Brian Skinner. Chicago also acquired one of the steals of the draft in Trenton Hassell out of Austin Peay in the second round. With the addition of free agent Eddie Robinson (signed Aug. 7), the new look Bulls, a young and athletic squad, were ready to take the floor. The importance of having NBA experience was again displayed as the team struggled and finished the season 21-61. The beginning of the year was not pleasant for Chicago.", "Chandler was born to Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill, though he did not meet his father Frank until later in his life. He grew up in a family farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California. Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis, fixed on a tree. Chandler grew up doing farm work such as milking cows, slopping pigs, and cultivating crops. At the age of nine years, Chandler and his mother moved to San Bernardino, California; he was already nearly six feet tall. As a child, Chandler was teased because of his height; children on his school basketball team joked that he was older than he really was, and that he had been left back several times in school. Chandler and his family then moved to Compton, California, where he enrolled at Dominguez High School, a school known for its athletics, producing basketball players such as Dennis Johnson and Cedric Ceballos. In his freshman year, Chandler made the varsity team and played with future NBA player Tayshaun Prince, who was then a senior. With the Dominguez Dons, Chandler became a teenage sensation; current players such as DeMar DeRozan watched him play and claimed \"he was like Shaq\". Point guard Brandon Jennings, who was a ball boy for Dominguez at the time, said, \"You'd see the girls around Tyson, the Escalade he drove, and you wanted to be like him\". Chandler earned accolades from Parade Magazine and USA Today, and was selected to the McDonald's High School All-America Team. As a freshman, he was profiled on current affairs TV program 60 Minutes. In his junior year, Chandler averaged 20 points, 12 rebounds, 6 assists and 3 blocks.", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference.", "2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978. The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler ( 2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA). The East team was coached by: The West team was coached by:"], "answer": {"text": "Chandler and his family then moved to Compton, California, where he enrolled at Dominguez High School,", "answer_start": 743}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill,", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in a family farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#4", "question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "rewrite": "Did Tyson Chandler play basketball in high school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Chandler often supports Joey throughout the show, by always supporting Joey at every step of his roller-coaster of a career in show business besides paying the rent, paying for Joey's head-shots, buying most of the food, and even giving money to Joey for his numerous dates. Even when buying a new house for his own family, Chandler reveals that he is going to have a 'Joey room' in it for him. The relationship between the two is balanced: Joey looks to Chandler as his intellectual superior, while Chandler acknowledges Joey as the more confident counterpart, especially when it comes to romance. Chandler and Rachel originally did not like each other, but grew to become good friends. In \"The One with All the Cheesecakes\" Chandler and Rachel steal and share the cheesecake which originally belonged to their downstairs neighbor. Rachel, who works for Ralph Lauren, is also the one who helps Chandler pick out his wedding suit. Rachel also sets up Chandler with her boss Joanna (Alison LaPlaca). Rachel and Chandler never have any romantic relationships apart from a glance back to their time in college when they made out. Also in Rachel's thoughts in the one with the Flashback Chandler and Phoebe are good friends. They sometimes are goofy and have fun with one another. In \"The One with the Metaphorical Tunnel\", Phoebe and Chandler play hide and seek. They also play games, like coming up with superhero names and reclining the Barcaloungers like cowboys. They share a duet of \"Endless Love\" at the end of one episode, when Chandler is sad after a breakup with his on-off girlfriend Janice (Maggie Wheeler). In \"The One Where Everyone Finds Out\", she tries to trick him into believing that she is attracted to him, but Monica tells him that Phoebe finds him charming in a \"sexless\" way, indicating that any hints of romance are jokes.", "2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978. The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler ( 2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA). The East team was coached by: The West team was coached by:", "Tyson Chandler (American football) Tyson Chandler (born February 2, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle of the National Football League who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at North Carolina State. Chandler was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL draft. He was released on April 15, 2016.", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference.", "2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season The 2001\u201302 NBA season was the Bulls' 36th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Bulls re-acquired Charles Oakley from the Toronto Raptors. The Bulls struggled all season long finishing last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Following the season, Oakley signed as a free agent with the Washington Wizards. (See \"2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season\") In 2001-02, the make-up and direction of the Chicago Bulls changed significantly: by the season\u2019s end, a pair of 18-year-old phenoms and an All-Star caliber player were in the line-up while Elton Brand, once thought to be the franchise\u2019s cornerstone for rebuilding efforts, was not. The result was a renewed sense of optimism and hope surrounding the team\u2019s future with Tyson Chandler, Eddy Curry and Jalen Rose as the centers of attention. It all began on the night of the 2001 NBA Draft, when the Bulls used their first-round pick, fourth overall, to select Thornwood High School\u2019s Eddy Curry, a 6-11, 285-pound center. Minutes later, Chicago dealt Brand to the L.A. Clippers for Dominguez High School product Tyson Chandler (picked second overall) and Brian Skinner. Chicago also acquired one of the steals of the draft in Trenton Hassell out of Austin Peay in the second round. With the addition of free agent Eddie Robinson (signed Aug. 7), the new look Bulls, a young and athletic squad, were ready to take the floor. The importance of having NBA experience was again displayed as the team struggled and finished the season 21-61. The beginning of the year was not pleasant for Chicago."], "answer": {"text": "In his freshman year, Chandler made the varsity team and played with future NBA player Tayshaun Prince, who was then a senior.", "answer_start": 953}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill,", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in a family farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his high school career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler and his family then moved to Compton, California, where he enrolled at Dominguez High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have any idols or role models for basketball?", "rewrite": "Did Tyson Chandler have any idols or role models for basketball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tyson Chandler (American football) Tyson Chandler (born February 2, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle of the National Football League who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at North Carolina State. Chandler was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL draft. He was released on April 15, 2016.", "2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978. The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler ( 2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA). The East team was coached by: The West team was coached by:", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference.", "Though he finished with 8 points, he made a clutch jumper with 29.3 seconds left to give the Nuggets the lead for good, 114-112. Chandler made his first trip to the playoffs where the Nuggets would match up against the Oklahoma City Thunder, led by Kevin Durant. In his first playoff game Chandler scored 9 points to go along with 8 rebounds. Chandler struggled in the playoffs, averaging only 4.8 points and 5.0 rebounds in only 23 minutes a game. The Nuggets were defeated in five games. In August 2011, in the midst of an NBA lockout, Chandler signed with the Zhejiang Guangsha Lions of the Chinese Basketball Association. With Zhejiang Guangsha, he plays under former Dallas Mavericks head coach Jim Cleamons. About his decision, Chandler said, \"Maybe I'll lose out, but I think it can be a great experience. I haven't been in any [labor negotiation] meetings. I can't call it. I'm just taking a risk, at the end of the day. \" His deal didn't have an out-clause, which meant that Chandler wouldn't return until after the All-Star break. Had Chandler not signed with a Chinese team, he would have been a restricted free agent. Zhejiang Guangsha attempted to put more NBA talent around Chandler by signing Earl Clark, who asked to leave the team over family reasons. They later attempted to sign Tyson Chandler, but he declined the team's offer. In his debut, Chandler scored 43 points along with 22 rebounds and 4 assists in 50 minutes in a 118-115 double overtime win over Tianjin Ronggang. He followed his debut performance by recording 28 points, 12 rebounds and 2 assists against Qingdao DoubleStar in a 111-94 win.", "2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season The 2001\u201302 NBA season was the Bulls' 36th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Bulls re-acquired Charles Oakley from the Toronto Raptors. The Bulls struggled all season long finishing last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Following the season, Oakley signed as a free agent with the Washington Wizards. (See \"2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season\") In 2001-02, the make-up and direction of the Chicago Bulls changed significantly: by the season\u2019s end, a pair of 18-year-old phenoms and an All-Star caliber player were in the line-up while Elton Brand, once thought to be the franchise\u2019s cornerstone for rebuilding efforts, was not. The result was a renewed sense of optimism and hope surrounding the team\u2019s future with Tyson Chandler, Eddy Curry and Jalen Rose as the centers of attention. It all began on the night of the 2001 NBA Draft, when the Bulls used their first-round pick, fourth overall, to select Thornwood High School\u2019s Eddy Curry, a 6-11, 285-pound center. Minutes later, Chicago dealt Brand to the L.A. Clippers for Dominguez High School product Tyson Chandler (picked second overall) and Brian Skinner. Chicago also acquired one of the steals of the draft in Trenton Hassell out of Austin Peay in the second round. With the addition of free agent Eddie Robinson (signed Aug. 7), the new look Bulls, a young and athletic squad, were ready to take the floor. The importance of having NBA experience was again displayed as the team struggled and finished the season 21-61. The beginning of the year was not pleasant for Chicago."], "answer": {"text": "With the Dominguez Dons, Chandler became a teenage sensation; current players such as DeMar DeRozan watched him play and claimed \"he was like Shaq\".", "answer_start": 1080}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill,", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in a family farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his high school career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler and his family then moved to Compton, California, where he enrolled at Dominguez High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "answer": {"text": "In his freshman year, Chandler made the varsity team and played with future NBA player Tayshaun Prince, who was then a senior.", "answer_start": 953, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#6", "question": "Did he win any of the games for the team?", "rewrite": "Did Tyson Chandler win any of the games for his high school team?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season The 2001\u201302 NBA season was the Bulls' 36th season in the National Basketball Association. During the offseason, the Bulls re-acquired Charles Oakley from the Toronto Raptors. The Bulls struggled all season long finishing last place in the Central Division with a 21\u201361 record. Following the season, Oakley signed as a free agent with the Washington Wizards. (See \"2001\u201302 Chicago Bulls season#Regular season\") In 2001-02, the make-up and direction of the Chicago Bulls changed significantly: by the season\u2019s end, a pair of 18-year-old phenoms and an All-Star caliber player were in the line-up while Elton Brand, once thought to be the franchise\u2019s cornerstone for rebuilding efforts, was not. The result was a renewed sense of optimism and hope surrounding the team\u2019s future with Tyson Chandler, Eddy Curry and Jalen Rose as the centers of attention. It all began on the night of the 2001 NBA Draft, when the Bulls used their first-round pick, fourth overall, to select Thornwood High School\u2019s Eddy Curry, a 6-11, 285-pound center. Minutes later, Chicago dealt Brand to the L.A. Clippers for Dominguez High School product Tyson Chandler (picked second overall) and Brian Skinner. Chicago also acquired one of the steals of the draft in Trenton Hassell out of Austin Peay in the second round. With the addition of free agent Eddie Robinson (signed Aug. 7), the new look Bulls, a young and athletic squad, were ready to take the floor. The importance of having NBA experience was again displayed as the team struggled and finished the season 21-61. The beginning of the year was not pleasant for Chicago.", "The first order of business for Mark Cuban and the Mavericks was to re-sign Dirk Nowitzki, and did so on July 4, 2010, when the Mavericks and Dirk agreed to a 4-year deal worth $80M. On July 13, the Dallas Mavericks after losing the opportunity to sign LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Amar'e Stoudemire acquired centers Tyson Chandler and Alexis Ajinca from the Charlotte Bobcats for center Erick Dampier, forward Eduardo N\u00e1jera and guard Matt Carroll. The 2010\u201311 campaign saw the Mavericks fly out of the gate, winning 24 out of their first 29 games. However, on December 27, Dirk Nowitzki sustained a knee injury that derailed the Mavericks momentum, combined with the team's second-leading scorer Caron Butler suffering a season-ending knee injury himself only four nights later, raising questions of if the Mavericks could make it 11 straight 50-win seasons. The Mavericks then went on to drop their next seven games, causing serious concern as to who would lead the offense in Nowitzki's absence. This however would prove to only be a temporary setback because Nowitzki only missed nine games, and admittedly rushed back to assist the Mavericks' reeling offense, and consequently they quickly returned to their winning ways. The Mavericks re-invented their defensive reputation around the league during the 2010\u201311 campaign, mostly in part to off-season acquisition Tyson Chandler (who was later named to the All-Defensive Second Team). The Mavericks battled the San Antonio Spurs all season long for the division title, but instead settled for the 3rd seed, with a 57\u201325 record. However, due to the Mavericks reputation as playoff chokers, many predicted them to be ousted in the first round against the six-seeded Portland Trail Blazers. Yahoo!", "2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978. The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler ( 2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA). The East team was coached by: The West team was coached by:", "On December 10, 2008, a little over a month into the season, the Bobcats obtained Boris Diaw and Raja Bell in a trade with Phoenix. The trade turned out to be successful as the team came close to reaching the franchise's first playoff berth, but finished four games out of eighth place with a record of 35-47. Following the season, majority owner Bob Johnson announced he was putting the team up for sale. During the offseason, the team picked Gerald Henderson from Duke 12th overall in the 2009 NBA draft. The Bobcats traded Emeka Okafor for New Orleans Hornets' center Tyson Chandler, and through more trades acquired Stephen Jackson and Acie Law from the Golden State Warriors. On February 27, 2010, it was announced that Johnson had decided to sell the team to Jordan, allowing Jordan to become the first former NBA player to become majority owner of a franchise. On April 9, 2010, the Bobcats clinched their first playoff berth since 2002 with a 104\u2013103 road win over the New Orleans Hornets, finishing the 2009\u201310 season with an overall record of 44\u201338, their first-ever winning season. Gerald Wallace was a huge factor in the playoff run as he became the Bobcats' first and only ever NBA All-Star. However, the Bobcats were swept by the Orlando Magic in 4 games. Despite the departures of Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler, the Bobcats hoped to make the playoffs for a second straight season. Following a dismal 9\u201319 start, Jordan announced that Larry Brown had stepped down as head coach. Paul Silas was hired as their new head coach the same day. The Bobcats sent Wallace to the Portland Trail Blazers and received two first round draft picks, Joel Przybilla, Sean Marks, and Dante Cunningham, also acquiring D. J. White and Morris Peterson in a trade with the Thunder.", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill,", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in a family farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his high school career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler and his family then moved to Compton, California, where he enrolled at Dominguez High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "answer": {"text": "In his freshman year, Chandler made the varsity team and played with future NBA player Tayshaun Prince, who was then a senior.", "answer_start": 953, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any idols or role models for basketball?", "answer": {"text": "With the Dominguez Dons, Chandler became a teenage sensation; current players such as DeMar DeRozan watched him play and claimed \"he was like Shaq\".", "answer_start": 1080, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d8fbfc523fb343d782ed7a3f11e96d1a_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other  than Tyson Chandler?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tyson Chandler (American football) Tyson Chandler (born February 2, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle of the National Football League who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He played college football at North Carolina State. Chandler was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent following the 2015 NFL draft. He was released on April 15, 2016.", "On December 10, 2008, a little over a month into the season, the Bobcats obtained Boris Diaw and Raja Bell in a trade with Phoenix. The trade turned out to be successful as the team came close to reaching the franchise's first playoff berth, but finished four games out of eighth place with a record of 35-47. Following the season, majority owner Bob Johnson announced he was putting the team up for sale. During the offseason, the team picked Gerald Henderson from Duke 12th overall in the 2009 NBA draft. The Bobcats traded Emeka Okafor for New Orleans Hornets' center Tyson Chandler, and through more trades acquired Stephen Jackson and Acie Law from the Golden State Warriors. On February 27, 2010, it was announced that Johnson had decided to sell the team to Jordan, allowing Jordan to become the first former NBA player to become majority owner of a franchise. On April 9, 2010, the Bobcats clinched their first playoff berth since 2002 with a 104\u2013103 road win over the New Orleans Hornets, finishing the 2009\u201310 season with an overall record of 44\u201338, their first-ever winning season. Gerald Wallace was a huge factor in the playoff run as he became the Bobcats' first and only ever NBA All-Star. However, the Bobcats were swept by the Orlando Magic in 4 games. Despite the departures of Raymond Felton and Tyson Chandler, the Bobcats hoped to make the playoffs for a second straight season. Following a dismal 9\u201319 start, Jordan announced that Larry Brown had stepped down as head coach. Paul Silas was hired as their new head coach the same day. The Bobcats sent Wallace to the Portland Trail Blazers and received two first round draft picks, Joel Przybilla, Sean Marks, and Dante Cunningham, also acquiring D. J. White and Morris Peterson in a trade with the Thunder.", "The first order of business for Mark Cuban and the Mavericks was to re-sign Dirk Nowitzki, and did so on July 4, 2010, when the Mavericks and Dirk agreed to a 4-year deal worth $80M. On July 13, the Dallas Mavericks after losing the opportunity to sign LeBron James, Dwyane Wade, and Amar'e Stoudemire acquired centers Tyson Chandler and Alexis Ajinca from the Charlotte Bobcats for center Erick Dampier, forward Eduardo N\u00e1jera and guard Matt Carroll. The 2010\u201311 campaign saw the Mavericks fly out of the gate, winning 24 out of their first 29 games. However, on December 27, Dirk Nowitzki sustained a knee injury that derailed the Mavericks momentum, combined with the team's second-leading scorer Caron Butler suffering a season-ending knee injury himself only four nights later, raising questions of if the Mavericks could make it 11 straight 50-win seasons. The Mavericks then went on to drop their next seven games, causing serious concern as to who would lead the offense in Nowitzki's absence. This however would prove to only be a temporary setback because Nowitzki only missed nine games, and admittedly rushed back to assist the Mavericks' reeling offense, and consequently they quickly returned to their winning ways. The Mavericks re-invented their defensive reputation around the league during the 2010\u201311 campaign, mostly in part to off-season acquisition Tyson Chandler (who was later named to the All-Defensive Second Team). The Mavericks battled the San Antonio Spurs all season long for the division title, but instead settled for the 3rd seed, with a 57\u201325 record. However, due to the Mavericks reputation as playoff chokers, many predicted them to be ousted in the first round against the six-seeded Portland Trail Blazers. Yahoo!", "The script was changed as an allusion to the wrought iron architecture of New Orleans. An additional third logo was introduced, with the \"NOLA\" abbreviation and a trumpet. The team also publicly announced the sale of over 10,000 season tickets for the 2008\u201309 season. Having experienced the most successful season in franchise history, both in the regular season and the playoffs, the 2009 NBA season was viewed with great expectations for the Hornets franchise. Several pundits picked the Hornets to repeat as winners of the Southwest Division and as a potential Western Conference champion. The core players from the previous season were all back for 2008\u201309. Swingman James Posey was signed as a free agent from the Boston Celtics in July, while reserve guard Jannero Pargo opted for the Russian Basketball Super League. In December, the Hornets solidified the point guard position by acquiring Antonio Daniels in a three-team deal, giving up seldom-used guard Mike James and a future second-round draft pick. On February 18, the team announced that starting center Tyson Chandler had been traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for forwards Joe Smith and Chris Wilcox in what was generally perceived as a payroll-shedding move. However, within a day, the trade was rescinded due to concerns regarding Chandler's turf toe. For the second year in a row the Hornets were represented with two players at the NBA All Star Game as Chris Paul was voted in by the fans as a starter, and David West was selected as a reserve by the NBA coaches. The Hornets' 2008\u201309 season was uneven, with injuries to Tyson Chandler and Peja Stojakovi\u0107 hampering the team's efforts. The Hornets finished the season with a 49\u201333 record, fourth in the Southwest Division, and seventh in the Western Conference.", "2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978. The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler ( 2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA). The East team was coached by: The West team was coached by:"], "answer": {"text": "Chandler then declared for the 2001 NBA draft as a prep-to-pro.", "answer_start": 260}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Tyson Chandler,begin playing basketball?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler began playing basketball at the age of three years on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis,", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Frank Chandler and Vernie Threadgill,", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "He grew up in a family farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his high school career begin?", "answer": {"text": "Chandler and his family then moved to Compton, California, where he enrolled at Dominguez High School,", "answer_start": 743, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play basketball in high school?", "answer": {"text": "In his freshman year, Chandler made the varsity team and played with future NBA player Tayshaun Prince, who was then a senior.", "answer_start": 953, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any idols or role models for basketball?", "answer": {"text": "With the Dominguez Dons, Chandler became a teenage sensation; current players such as DeMar DeRozan watched him play and claimed \"he was like Shaq\".", "answer_start": 1080, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any of the games for the team?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#0", "question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "rewrite": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of \"Sweet Bird of Youth\" with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version. During this time Newman started acting in television. His first credited role was in a 1952 episode of \"Tales of Tomorrow\" entitled \"Ice from Space\". In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS's \"Appointment with Adventure\" anthology series. In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for \"East of Eden\" (1955). Newman was tested for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. That same year, he co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live\u2014and color\u2014television broadcast of \"Our Town\", a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean. The Dean connection had resonance two other times, as Newman was cast in two leading roles originally earmarked for Dean, as Billy the Kid in \"The Left Handed Gun\" and as Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\", both filmed after Dean's death in an automobile collision. Newman's first film for Hollywood was \"The Silver Chalice\" (1954). The film was a box-office failure, and the actor would later acknowledge his disdain for it. In 1956, Newman garnered much attention and acclaim for the role of Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\". In 1958, he starred in \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" (1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor. The film was a box-office smash, and Newman garnered his first Academy Award nomination.", "Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film) Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography (Black and White). The film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It was directed by Robert Wise. Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman) has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result. While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale (Court Shepard). A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight.", "Owl Bar and Cafe The Owl Bar and Cafe, in San Antonio, New Mexico was opened in 1945 by Frank and Dee Chavez as an expansion to J.E. Miera\u2019s grocery store business. Its earliest customers were the scientists working on the Manhattan Project. It is known throughout the United States for its green chile cheeseburgers. It is also known for its wall of dollars, pinned there by customers, and donated to charity once a year. Inside the Owl Bar is a 25-foot mahogany bar built by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company, now known as the Brunswick Corporation. It was originally part of the A.H. Hilton Mercantile, owned by Augustus Halvorston Hilton, father of Conrad Hilton, founder of Hilton Hotels. After a fire destroyed the mercantile in 1945, the Brunswick bar was salvaged from the wreckage and installed in back of the grocery store to create the first iteration of the Owl Bar and Caf\u00e9.", "Knowledge is represented in a network whose nodes and links carry probabilistic truth values as well as \"attention values\", with the attention values resembling the weights in a neural network. Several algorithms operate on this network, the central one being a combination of a probabilistic inference engine and a custom version of evolutionary programming. Goertzel claimed that this combination is able to avoid the combinatorial explosions that both these algorithms suffer from when exposed to large problems. 2009: Goertzel and Hugo de Garis starred in a 45-minute documentary called \"Singularity or Bust\"  2012: The documentary \"The Singularity\" by independent filmmaker Doug Wolens showcased Goertzel's vision and understanding of making general AI general thinking  2014: Goertzel appeared on the American science documentary television series, \"Through the Wormhole\" (episode 1, season 5)  2016: Goertzel starred in the British-Israeli documentary film, \"Machine of Human Dreams\"  2018: Goertzel appeared on The Joe Rogan Experience podcast No. 1211 2019 : Goertzel appeared on the Epicenter podcast No. 275  2019 : Goertzel appeared on Teamz Blockchain Summit at Tokyo, on April 6. 2019 : Goertzel hold a lecture at Budapest Brain Bar 2019: Goertzel participated in a Blockchain panel at ConnectTechAsia in Singapore", "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. He entered under the name of Joe Giuliani and was trained by Tobias (Toby) Zaccaria of Kings County (Brooklyn), NY. He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939). He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career. He entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later, Graziano was charged with a probation violation and sent back to reform school where he was charged with starting a minor  riot. He was then sent to Rikers Island. When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain. He escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of \"Rocky Graziano\". He won his first couple of bouts. After gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After his fourth bout, he was called into manager's office to speak with a couple of military personnel. Expecting to be prosecuted and sent back to the military or jail, he fled. He returned to the military a week later. He turned himself in, but he was pardoned and given the opportunity to fight under the army's aegis."], "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#1", "question": "How old was he when he first fought?", "rewrite": "How old was Rocky Graziano when he first fought?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. He entered under the name of Joe Giuliani and was trained by Tobias (Toby) Zaccaria of Kings County (Brooklyn), NY. He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939). He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career. He entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later, Graziano was charged with a probation violation and sent back to reform school where he was charged with starting a minor  riot. He was then sent to Rikers Island. When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain. He escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of \"Rocky Graziano\". He won his first couple of bouts. After gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After his fourth bout, he was called into manager's office to speak with a couple of military personnel. Expecting to be prosecuted and sent back to the military or jail, he fled. He returned to the military a week later. He turned himself in, but he was pardoned and given the opportunity to fight under the army's aegis.", "Freddie 'Red' Cochrane  Freddie 'Red' Cochrane (born May 6, 1915 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States, and died January 1, 1993), was a professional boxer who held the World Welterweight Championship from 1941 until 1946. Cochrane was a resident of Union, New Jersey at the time of his death. Cochrane turned pro in 1933 and was considered the World Welterweight champion in 1941 after beating Fritzie Zivic. Although he technically held the title for more than four years, he did not successfully defend it once due to World War II. In 1945 he fought a war with the legendary Rocky Graziano in what was proclaimed 1945 Fight of the Year by \"Ring Magazine\". Graziano was outboxed in the first eight rounds, but knocked down Cochrane in the 9th but the bell saved Cochrane from a KO. Cochrane was dropped again in the 10th for the full count. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071. Two months later he rematched Graziano and again was KO'd in the 10th round. Cochrane knocked down for seven nine counts before he took the full count in the tenth. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071 with a gate of $100,469. With this bout, Graziano became the latest \"Million Dollar Baby\". In 1946, Cochrane took on Marty Servo for the World Welterweight Title and lost via 4th-round KO. Servo would relinquish the crown in September due to \"an aching nose\". Sugar Ray Robinson would then win the vacant title in December.", "Davis' last big fight came against future middleweight champion Rocky Graziano, who achieved a technical knockout against him in the fourth round of a May 12, 1945 match at Madison Square Garden before a crowd of 15,656. Davis was down once in the first, twice in the third, and once in the fourth. In an exciting match, Graziano was down by the second. Davis's drop to the canvas in the third occurred seconds after the closing bell resulting in a protest from Davis's corner. As expected, Davis was still groggy as the fourth began, and Graziano put him down quickly. He got up, but Graziano found his chin, and referee stopped the bout 44 seconds into the fourth. Davis enlisted in the Army in early 1941, where he was sent to Camp Hulen, Texas, and put on desert maneuvers. He was able to travel and continue his boxing career while in the service. He was discharged around August 1943. His only child had been born in 1942, not long after he married his wife Barbara. In his boxing retirement, around 1945, he bought a neighborhood tavern, \"Dudy's\", and invested in two racehorses. After a year of ownership he thought of selling the bar and moving the family to Florida. After his Army service and boxing retirement, on November 21, 1945, Davis was drinking beer at Dudy's Bar in Brooklyn's Brownsville neighborhood around 2:45 a.m. New York had been suffering a crime spree as the number of police serving in World War II had diminished those available on the street to fight crime. Davis was in the process of selling the bar, and was with the new owner Arthur Polansky, a bartender, and an off-duty cop, when four armed robbers walked in. Earlier that night, the armed men had robbed five other taverns.", "Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film) Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography (Black and White). The film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It was directed by Robert Wise. Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman) has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result. While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale (Court Shepard). A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight.", "In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of \"Sweet Bird of Youth\" with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version. During this time Newman started acting in television. His first credited role was in a 1952 episode of \"Tales of Tomorrow\" entitled \"Ice from Space\". In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS's \"Appointment with Adventure\" anthology series. In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for \"East of Eden\" (1955). Newman was tested for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. That same year, he co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live\u2014and color\u2014television broadcast of \"Our Town\", a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean. The Dean connection had resonance two other times, as Newman was cast in two leading roles originally earmarked for Dean, as Billy the Kid in \"The Left Handed Gun\" and as Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\", both filmed after Dean's death in an automobile collision. Newman's first film for Hollywood was \"The Silver Chalice\" (1954). The film was a box-office failure, and the actor would later acknowledge his disdain for it. In 1956, Newman garnered much attention and acclaim for the role of Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\". In 1958, he starred in \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" (1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor. The film was a box-office smash, and Newman garnered his first Academy Award nomination."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#2", "question": "Did he win the first tournament his friends told him about?", "rewrite": "Did Rocky Graziano win the first tournament his friends told him about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film) Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography (Black and White). The film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It was directed by Robert Wise. Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman) has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result. While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale (Court Shepard). A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight.", "In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of \"Sweet Bird of Youth\" with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version. During this time Newman started acting in television. His first credited role was in a 1952 episode of \"Tales of Tomorrow\" entitled \"Ice from Space\". In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS's \"Appointment with Adventure\" anthology series. In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for \"East of Eden\" (1955). Newman was tested for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. That same year, he co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live\u2014and color\u2014television broadcast of \"Our Town\", a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean. The Dean connection had resonance two other times, as Newman was cast in two leading roles originally earmarked for Dean, as Billy the Kid in \"The Left Handed Gun\" and as Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\", both filmed after Dean's death in an automobile collision. Newman's first film for Hollywood was \"The Silver Chalice\" (1954). The film was a box-office failure, and the actor would later acknowledge his disdain for it. In 1956, Newman garnered much attention and acclaim for the role of Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\". In 1958, he starred in \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" (1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor. The film was a box-office smash, and Newman garnered his first Academy Award nomination.", "Freddie 'Red' Cochrane  Freddie 'Red' Cochrane (born May 6, 1915 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States, and died January 1, 1993), was a professional boxer who held the World Welterweight Championship from 1941 until 1946. Cochrane was a resident of Union, New Jersey at the time of his death. Cochrane turned pro in 1933 and was considered the World Welterweight champion in 1941 after beating Fritzie Zivic. Although he technically held the title for more than four years, he did not successfully defend it once due to World War II. In 1945 he fought a war with the legendary Rocky Graziano in what was proclaimed 1945 Fight of the Year by \"Ring Magazine\". Graziano was outboxed in the first eight rounds, but knocked down Cochrane in the 9th but the bell saved Cochrane from a KO. Cochrane was dropped again in the 10th for the full count. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071. Two months later he rematched Graziano and again was KO'd in the 10th round. Cochrane knocked down for seven nine counts before he took the full count in the tenth. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071 with a gate of $100,469. With this bout, Graziano became the latest \"Million Dollar Baby\". In 1946, Cochrane took on Marty Servo for the World Welterweight Title and lost via 4th-round KO. Servo would relinquish the crown in September due to \"an aching nose\". Sugar Ray Robinson would then win the vacant title in December.", "Davis' last big fight came against future middleweight champion Rocky Graziano, who achieved a technical knockout against him in the fourth round of a May 12, 1945 match at Madison Square Garden before a crowd of 15,656. Davis was down once in the first, twice in the third, and once in the fourth. In an exciting match, Graziano was down by the second. Davis's drop to the canvas in the third occurred seconds after the closing bell resulting in a protest from Davis's corner. As expected, Davis was still groggy as the fourth began, and Graziano put him down quickly. He got up, but Graziano found his chin, and referee stopped the bout 44 seconds into the fourth. Davis enlisted in the Army in early 1941, where he was sent to Camp Hulen, Texas, and put on desert maneuvers. He was able to travel and continue his boxing career while in the service. He was discharged around August 1943. His only child had been born in 1942, not long after he married his wife Barbara. In his boxing retirement, around 1945, he bought a neighborhood tavern, \"Dudy's\", and invested in two racehorses. After a year of ownership he thought of selling the bar and moving the family to Florida. After his Army service and boxing retirement, on November 21, 1945, Davis was drinking beer at Dudy's Bar in Brooklyn's Brownsville neighborhood around 2:45 a.m. New York had been suffering a crime spree as the number of police serving in World War II had diminished those available on the street to fight crime. Davis was in the process of selling the bar, and was with the new owner Arthur Polansky, a bartender, and an off-duty cop, when four armed robbers walked in. Earlier that night, the armed men had robbed five other taverns.", "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. He entered under the name of Joe Giuliani and was trained by Tobias (Toby) Zaccaria of Kings County (Brooklyn), NY. He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939). He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career. He entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later, Graziano was charged with a probation violation and sent back to reform school where he was charged with starting a minor  riot. He was then sent to Rikers Island. When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain. He escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of \"Rocky Graziano\". He won his first couple of bouts. After gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After his fourth bout, he was called into manager's office to speak with a couple of military personnel. Expecting to be prosecuted and sent back to the military or jail, he fled. He returned to the military a week later. He turned himself in, but he was pardoned and given the opportunity to fight under the army's aegis."], "answer": {"text": "He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939).", "answer_start": 222}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he first fought?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#3", "question": "Did he fight soon again after that?", "rewrite": "Did Rocky Graziano fight soon again after winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Tommy Lockhart Thomas Finan Lockhart (March 21, 1892 \u2013 May 18, 1979) was an American ice hockey administrator, business manager, and events promoter. He was president of the Eastern Hockey League from 1933 to 1972, and founded the Amateur Hockey Association of the United States in 1937 which later became USA Hockey. He managed operations at Old Madison Square Garden, introduced fans to innovative on-ice promotions which made amateur hockey a profitable event. He was the business manager of the New York Rangers for six years, and was inducted into both the Hockey Hall of Fame and the United States Hockey Hall of Fame, and is a recipient of the Lester Patrick Trophy for building the game in the United States. Lockhart was born March 21, 1892, in Manhattan, near the area of Eighth Ave and 50th Street. As a youth, he was involved in competitive cycling and distance running. He participated in track and field events with the St. John's Club on 56th Street in Manhattan, and was also interested in boxing, but he never played hockey growing up. Lockhart began his sports administration career by promoting amateur boxing at the Old Madison Square Garden, and soon became vice-president of the Metropolitan Association of the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) of the United States, before serving as vice-chairman of USA Boxing for four years. He was asked by the Garden's ownership to manage its amateur hockey games in addition to boxing, and he was successful in making Sunday afternoon amateur hockey profitable, while also serving as vice-president of the Metropolitan Amateur Hockey League (MAHL) for eighteen years, starting in 1934. Lockhart looked to increase exposure for the New York amateur teams by seeking a league for them to play in regularly. He traveled to the Penn Athletic Club in Philadelphia for the Tri-State Hockey League annual meeting in 1933.", "In the 1960s and 1970s, Muhammad Ali became an iconic figure, transformed the role and image of the African American athlete in America by his embrace of racial pride, and transcended the sport by refusing to serve in the Vietnam War. In the 1980s and 1990s, major boxers such as Mike Tyson and Riddick Bowe were marked by crime and self-destruction. The Amateur Athletic Union of the United States was founded in 1888 and began its annual championships in boxing the same year. In 1926 the Chicago Tribune started a boxing competition called the Golden Gloves. The United States of America Amateur Boxing Federation (now USA Boxing), which governs American amateur boxing, was formed after Amateur Sports Act of 1978 enabled the governance of sports in the US by organizations other than the AAU. This act made each sport set up its own National governing body (NGB). Each of these governing bodies would be part of the United States Olympic Committee, but would not be run by the Committee. In 1993 Dallas Malloy won a discrimination case against USA Boxing saying women were forbidden to box. An international organization for amateur boxing was begun in 1946, known as the International Amateur Boxing Association. The development amateur scene of boxing has seen the United States as a world beater. The US played a important role in building a respected status for the sport and also popularizing and making professional and amateur level boxing . The Olympic champions, the US has won 106 Olympic medals to date: 47 gold, 23 silver and 36 bronzes. Most heavyweight champions of this century originate from the United States. The first recorded women's boxing match in the United States occurred in New York in 1888, when Hattie Leslie beat Alice Leary in a brutal fight. Barbara Buttrick was the first woman to appear on a televised boxing match.", "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. He entered under the name of Joe Giuliani and was trained by Tobias (Toby) Zaccaria of Kings County (Brooklyn), NY. He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939). He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career. He entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later, Graziano was charged with a probation violation and sent back to reform school where he was charged with starting a minor  riot. He was then sent to Rikers Island. When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain. He escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of \"Rocky Graziano\". He won his first couple of bouts. After gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After his fourth bout, he was called into manager's office to speak with a couple of military personnel. Expecting to be prosecuted and sent back to the military or jail, he fled. He returned to the military a week later. He turned himself in, but he was pardoned and given the opportunity to fight under the army's aegis.", "Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film) Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography (Black and White). The film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It was directed by Robert Wise. Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman) has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result. While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale (Court Shepard). A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight.", "Bob Olin Robert Lous Olin (July 4, 1908 \u2013 December 16, 1956) was an American boxer who became the World Light Heavyweight champion on November 16, 1934, against Maxie Rosenbloom at Madison Square Garden. His trainer was the legendary Ray Arcel and his manager was Harold Scadron. Olin was born on July 4, 1908, to a Jewish family in New York's crowded Lower East Side, and raised in Brooklyn. Like several outstanding Jewish boxers of his era, he began boxing at the Lower East Side's Educational Alliance on East Broadway, a settlement house for Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. After graduating from Erasmus High, he attended Fordham Law School for two years while working as a messenger for a Wall Street brokerage office. Early in his boxing career, Olin continued to broker the sale of bonds as a side line. Boxing as an amateur, Olin won the New York City Golden Gloves Light Heavyweight Open Championship in 1928. On March 24, 1928, he competed in the Inter-City Golden Gloves Competition in Chicago. He won all 35 of his amateur fights, as well as the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union title, and turned professional in 1929. On April 10, 1930, Olin defeated George LaRocco in a six-round points decision at Lennox Sporting Club in New York. On June 3, 1930, Olin met Ralph Ficucello, a former 1929 New York Golden Gloves Heavyweight Champion, at Queensboro Stadium in Queens, New York. Though outweighed by 12 pounds, Olin pulled off the victory of the fellow Golden Gloves champion in an eight-round points decision. On October 22, 1930, Olin bested Willard Dix in a hard-fought ten round points decision at New York's Madison Square Garden. Olin floored Dix for a nine count in the fourth and ninth rounds."], "answer": {"text": "A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school.", "answer_start": 426}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he first fought?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the first tournament his friends told him about?", "answer": {"text": "He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939).", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#4", "question": "When was his next match?", "rewrite": "When was Rocky Graziano next match?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Davis' last big fight came against future middleweight champion Rocky Graziano, who achieved a technical knockout against him in the fourth round of a May 12, 1945 match at Madison Square Garden before a crowd of 15,656. Davis was down once in the first, twice in the third, and once in the fourth. In an exciting match, Graziano was down by the second. Davis's drop to the canvas in the third occurred seconds after the closing bell resulting in a protest from Davis's corner. As expected, Davis was still groggy as the fourth began, and Graziano put him down quickly. He got up, but Graziano found his chin, and referee stopped the bout 44 seconds into the fourth. Davis enlisted in the Army in early 1941, where he was sent to Camp Hulen, Texas, and put on desert maneuvers. He was able to travel and continue his boxing career while in the service. He was discharged around August 1943. His only child had been born in 1942, not long after he married his wife Barbara. In his boxing retirement, around 1945, he bought a neighborhood tavern, \"Dudy's\", and invested in two racehorses. After a year of ownership he thought of selling the bar and moving the family to Florida. After his Army service and boxing retirement, on November 21, 1945, Davis was drinking beer at Dudy's Bar in Brooklyn's Brownsville neighborhood around 2:45 a.m. New York had been suffering a crime spree as the number of police serving in World War II had diminished those available on the street to fight crime. Davis was in the process of selling the bar, and was with the new owner Arthur Polansky, a bartender, and an off-duty cop, when four armed robbers walked in. Earlier that night, the armed men had robbed five other taverns.", "Freddie 'Red' Cochrane  Freddie 'Red' Cochrane (born May 6, 1915 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States, and died January 1, 1993), was a professional boxer who held the World Welterweight Championship from 1941 until 1946. Cochrane was a resident of Union, New Jersey at the time of his death. Cochrane turned pro in 1933 and was considered the World Welterweight champion in 1941 after beating Fritzie Zivic. Although he technically held the title for more than four years, he did not successfully defend it once due to World War II. In 1945 he fought a war with the legendary Rocky Graziano in what was proclaimed 1945 Fight of the Year by \"Ring Magazine\". Graziano was outboxed in the first eight rounds, but knocked down Cochrane in the 9th but the bell saved Cochrane from a KO. Cochrane was dropped again in the 10th for the full count. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071. Two months later he rematched Graziano and again was KO'd in the 10th round. Cochrane knocked down for seven nine counts before he took the full count in the tenth. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071 with a gate of $100,469. With this bout, Graziano became the latest \"Million Dollar Baby\". In 1946, Cochrane took on Marty Servo for the World Welterweight Title and lost via 4th-round KO. Servo would relinquish the crown in September due to \"an aching nose\". Sugar Ray Robinson would then win the vacant title in December.", "In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of \"Sweet Bird of Youth\" with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version. During this time Newman started acting in television. His first credited role was in a 1952 episode of \"Tales of Tomorrow\" entitled \"Ice from Space\". In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS's \"Appointment with Adventure\" anthology series. In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for \"East of Eden\" (1955). Newman was tested for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. That same year, he co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live\u2014and color\u2014television broadcast of \"Our Town\", a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean. The Dean connection had resonance two other times, as Newman was cast in two leading roles originally earmarked for Dean, as Billy the Kid in \"The Left Handed Gun\" and as Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\", both filmed after Dean's death in an automobile collision. Newman's first film for Hollywood was \"The Silver Chalice\" (1954). The film was a box-office failure, and the actor would later acknowledge his disdain for it. In 1956, Newman garnered much attention and acclaim for the role of Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\". In 1958, he starred in \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" (1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor. The film was a box-office smash, and Newman garnered his first Academy Award nomination.", "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. He entered under the name of Joe Giuliani and was trained by Tobias (Toby) Zaccaria of Kings County (Brooklyn), NY. He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939). He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career. He entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later, Graziano was charged with a probation violation and sent back to reform school where he was charged with starting a minor  riot. He was then sent to Rikers Island. When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain. He escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of \"Rocky Graziano\". He won his first couple of bouts. After gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After his fourth bout, he was called into manager's office to speak with a couple of military personnel. Expecting to be prosecuted and sent back to the military or jail, he fled. He returned to the military a week later. He turned himself in, but he was pardoned and given the opportunity to fight under the army's aegis.", "Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film) Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography (Black and White). The film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It was directed by Robert Wise. Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman) has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result. While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale (Court Shepard). A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight."], "answer": {"text": "After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career.", "answer_start": 705}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he first fought?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the first tournament his friends told him about?", "answer": {"text": "He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939).", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he fight soon again after that?", "answer": {"text": "A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#5", "question": "Did he know immediately that he wanted to get into boxing?", "rewrite": "Did Rocky Graziano know immediately that he wanted to get into boxing?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. He entered under the name of Joe Giuliani and was trained by Tobias (Toby) Zaccaria of Kings County (Brooklyn), NY. He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939). He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career. He entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later, Graziano was charged with a probation violation and sent back to reform school where he was charged with starting a minor  riot. He was then sent to Rikers Island. When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain. He escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of \"Rocky Graziano\". He won his first couple of bouts. After gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After his fourth bout, he was called into manager's office to speak with a couple of military personnel. Expecting to be prosecuted and sent back to the military or jail, he fled. He returned to the military a week later. He turned himself in, but he was pardoned and given the opportunity to fight under the army's aegis.", "Davis' last big fight came against future middleweight champion Rocky Graziano, who achieved a technical knockout against him in the fourth round of a May 12, 1945 match at Madison Square Garden before a crowd of 15,656. Davis was down once in the first, twice in the third, and once in the fourth. In an exciting match, Graziano was down by the second. Davis's drop to the canvas in the third occurred seconds after the closing bell resulting in a protest from Davis's corner. As expected, Davis was still groggy as the fourth began, and Graziano put him down quickly. He got up, but Graziano found his chin, and referee stopped the bout 44 seconds into the fourth. Davis enlisted in the Army in early 1941, where he was sent to Camp Hulen, Texas, and put on desert maneuvers. He was able to travel and continue his boxing career while in the service. He was discharged around August 1943. His only child had been born in 1942, not long after he married his wife Barbara. In his boxing retirement, around 1945, he bought a neighborhood tavern, \"Dudy's\", and invested in two racehorses. After a year of ownership he thought of selling the bar and moving the family to Florida. After his Army service and boxing retirement, on November 21, 1945, Davis was drinking beer at Dudy's Bar in Brooklyn's Brownsville neighborhood around 2:45 a.m. New York had been suffering a crime spree as the number of police serving in World War II had diminished those available on the street to fight crime. Davis was in the process of selling the bar, and was with the new owner Arthur Polansky, a bartender, and an off-duty cop, when four armed robbers walked in. Earlier that night, the armed men had robbed five other taverns.", "During the trial Cataldo was listed as a member supervising numbers and loansharking operations in New Jersey. In 2002, Cataldo was indicted on illegal gambling and for the October 7, 1981 murder of William Kennedy. In 2004, the New Jersey Commission of Investigation stated that Cataldo was running illegal gambling operations in New Jersey. In December 2007, Cataldo was indicted along with capos Joseph DiNapoli, Matthew Madonna and Ralph V. Perna and others on gambling, money laundering and racketeering charges. On August 21, 2013, Cataldo died of natural causes. Ettore \"Eddie\" Coco ( July 12, 1908 Palermo, Sicily - December 1991) is a former acting boss in the Lucchese family. In the 1940s, Coco worked with James Plumeri, Frank Palermo, Harry Segal and Felix Bocchicchio for soldier Frankie Carbo, in a group known as \"The Combination\", an arm of Murder, Inc. which acted as boxing promoters; the group was accused of fixing matches. During this period, Coco met Rocky Graziano, then an amateur boxer fighting in the Lower East Side. He helped Graziano start a professional boxing career and throughout the following years, was viewed as a de facto boxing manager. In the late 1940s, Coco was suspected of placing wagers and taking bets on fights while Graziano was accused of taking bribes. These accusations continued until Graziano retired in 1952. In 1953, Coco was arrested in Florida for murdering a Miami car-wash operator in a dispute over a bill. On November 12, 1953, Coco was sentenced to life in prison. During the 1963 McClellan hearings, government witness Joseph Valachi identified Coco as a \"capo\" in Gaetano \"Tommy\" Lucchese's crime family. In 1965, Coco was released from prison after serving ten years on his life sentence.", "Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film) Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography (Black and White). The film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It was directed by Robert Wise. Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman) has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result. While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale (Court Shepard). A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight.", "Then Sugar became a 'killer,' throwing punches with reckless abandon to both head and body with the result that Artie was beaten to the floor. It is unknown what effect this victory could have had upon both the careers of Levine or Robinson. It is possible to speculate that since Levine had actually knocked Sugar Ray out in this fight that he may have done it again in a rematch, altering not only boxing history but the designation of its greatest pound-for-pound fighter. On an October, 1974 episode of The Way It Was, a PBS sports nostalgia program , Robinson was present to discuss his 1952 title defense against Rocky Graziano. Late in the program, Ray was asked by host Curt Gowdy, \"Who hit you the hardest, in your career?\" With a smile, Sugar Ray turned to Graziano, and jogged Rocky's memory of Artie Levine, much to Graziano's amusement. Ray then recounted the effect of the 4th round knockdown, saying, \"the first thing I heard (the referee) say, was...was \"\" Five...!\" \", and I said (to myself), 'This guy's startin' \"off\" at 5!' \" In a career spanning decades and hundreds of fights, this singling out of Levine by a boxing immortal, serves notice of the fighter's punching power.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NT-DgrGDWxQ In March 1947, Levine faced Herbie Kronowitz of Brooklyn losing in a ten round unanimous decision in the main event at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The crowd of 12,000 was said to have been enthralled during the entire battle between the two fighters. Kronowitz always claimed that he really defeated Levine in the confrontation."], "answer": {"text": "He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash.", "answer_start": 342}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he first fought?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the first tournament his friends told him about?", "answer": {"text": "He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939).", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he fight soon again after that?", "answer": {"text": "A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was his next match?", "answer": {"text": "After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#6", "question": "Did he have a trainor?", "rewrite": "Did Rocky Graziano have a trainor?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Davis' last big fight came against future middleweight champion Rocky Graziano, who achieved a technical knockout against him in the fourth round of a May 12, 1945 match at Madison Square Garden before a crowd of 15,656. Davis was down once in the first, twice in the third, and once in the fourth. In an exciting match, Graziano was down by the second. Davis's drop to the canvas in the third occurred seconds after the closing bell resulting in a protest from Davis's corner. As expected, Davis was still groggy as the fourth began, and Graziano put him down quickly. He got up, but Graziano found his chin, and referee stopped the bout 44 seconds into the fourth. Davis enlisted in the Army in early 1941, where he was sent to Camp Hulen, Texas, and put on desert maneuvers. He was able to travel and continue his boxing career while in the service. He was discharged around August 1943. His only child had been born in 1942, not long after he married his wife Barbara. In his boxing retirement, around 1945, he bought a neighborhood tavern, \"Dudy's\", and invested in two racehorses. After a year of ownership he thought of selling the bar and moving the family to Florida. After his Army service and boxing retirement, on November 21, 1945, Davis was drinking beer at Dudy's Bar in Brooklyn's Brownsville neighborhood around 2:45 a.m. New York had been suffering a crime spree as the number of police serving in World War II had diminished those available on the street to fight crime. Davis was in the process of selling the bar, and was with the new owner Arthur Polansky, a bartender, and an off-duty cop, when four armed robbers walked in. Earlier that night, the armed men had robbed five other taverns.", "Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film) Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography (Black and White). The film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction (Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason). It was directed by Robert Wise. Rocky Graziano (Paul Newman) has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a street gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures. After his release, he is drafted by the U.S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has natural talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him and dishonorably discharges him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, and resumes his career as a boxer as a result. While working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sister's friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, but loses a title fight with Tony Zale (Court Shepard). A person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight over his dishonorable discharge. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether. When he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, once more. Rocky wins the fight.", "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. He entered under the name of Joe Giuliani and was trained by Tobias (Toby) Zaccaria of Kings County (Brooklyn), NY. He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939). He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career. He entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later, Graziano was charged with a probation violation and sent back to reform school where he was charged with starting a minor  riot. He was then sent to Rikers Island. When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain. He escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of \"Rocky Graziano\". He won his first couple of bouts. After gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After his fourth bout, he was called into manager's office to speak with a couple of military personnel. Expecting to be prosecuted and sent back to the military or jail, he fled. He returned to the military a week later. He turned himself in, but he was pardoned and given the opportunity to fight under the army's aegis.", "Freddie 'Red' Cochrane  Freddie 'Red' Cochrane (born May 6, 1915 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States, and died January 1, 1993), was a professional boxer who held the World Welterweight Championship from 1941 until 1946. Cochrane was a resident of Union, New Jersey at the time of his death. Cochrane turned pro in 1933 and was considered the World Welterweight champion in 1941 after beating Fritzie Zivic. Although he technically held the title for more than four years, he did not successfully defend it once due to World War II. In 1945 he fought a war with the legendary Rocky Graziano in what was proclaimed 1945 Fight of the Year by \"Ring Magazine\". Graziano was outboxed in the first eight rounds, but knocked down Cochrane in the 9th but the bell saved Cochrane from a KO. Cochrane was dropped again in the 10th for the full count. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071. Two months later he rematched Graziano and again was KO'd in the 10th round. Cochrane knocked down for seven nine counts before he took the full count in the tenth. The Paid attendance for the bout was 18,071 with a gate of $100,469. With this bout, Graziano became the latest \"Million Dollar Baby\". In 1946, Cochrane took on Marty Servo for the World Welterweight Title and lost via 4th-round KO. Servo would relinquish the crown in September due to \"an aching nose\". Sugar Ray Robinson would then win the vacant title in December.", "In 1959, he was in the original Broadway production of \"Sweet Bird of Youth\" with Geraldine Page and three years later starred with Page in the film version. During this time Newman started acting in television. His first credited role was in a 1952 episode of \"Tales of Tomorrow\" entitled \"Ice from Space\". In the mid-1950s, he appeared twice on CBS's \"Appointment with Adventure\" anthology series. In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for \"East of Eden\" (1955). Newman was tested for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. That same year, he co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live\u2014and color\u2014television broadcast of \"Our Town\", a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean. The Dean connection had resonance two other times, as Newman was cast in two leading roles originally earmarked for Dean, as Billy the Kid in \"The Left Handed Gun\" and as Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\", both filmed after Dean's death in an automobile collision. Newman's first film for Hollywood was \"The Silver Chalice\" (1954). The film was a box-office failure, and the actor would later acknowledge his disdain for it. In 1956, Newman garnered much attention and acclaim for the role of Rocky Graziano in \"Somebody Up There Likes Me\". In 1958, he starred in \"Cat on a Hot Tin Roof\" (1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor. The film was a box-office smash, and Newman garnered his first Academy Award nomination."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he first fought?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the first tournament his friends told him about?", "answer": {"text": "He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939).", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he fight soon again after that?", "answer": {"text": "A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was his next match?", "answer": {"text": "After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he know immediately that he wanted to get into boxing?", "answer": {"text": "He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d42756182a944563ab748f380c2deccc_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides trainor, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Contemporary publications such as \"Vogue\" felt that \"All About That Bass\" was influential to the \"Era of the Big Booty\", when women deemed prominent buttocks attractive. Trainor performed the song on various shows including \"The X Factor UK\" and the Jingle Ball Tour 2014 and included it on the That Bass, MTrain and The Untouchable Tour set lists. Meghan Trainor co-wrote \"All About That Bass\" with American songwriter Kevin Kadish in 40 minutes. At the time, Trainor had yet to obtain a recording contract and was writing tracks for other artists. Kadish recalled that his writing session with Trainor was \"a blind date\" with a strong chemistry, thanks to their mutual love for music from the 1950s and 1960s. Intending to give it to another artist, Trainor would later release it as her debut single. Kadish initially proposed the song's title to be \"All Bass, No Treble\". Trainor was in a phase of saying \"I'm all about that Mexican food\", and responded to Kadish with the track's hook, \"I'm all about that bass, no treble\". Trainor said to him, \"Let's do booty! And thickness! Like, it's about the bass, not the treble\". Trainor and Kadish wanted to incorporate influences of 1950s doo-wop, a genre that Trainor found catchy. Kadish then developed a modern beat for the song and Trainor freestyled the first verse. Lyrically, Trainor wanted the song to promote girl power and self-acceptance of body type, the latter being inspired by her own struggles in self-image as a teenager, to which Kadish also related.", "Trainor enrolled in the Summer Performance Program at the Berklee College of Music during the summers of 2009 and 2010, reaching the finals of the program's songwriting competition. She released \"Take Care of Our Soldiers\" on April 16, 2010, a charity song in support of American troops abroad. The following year, Trainor released two acoustic albums, \"I'll Sing with You\" and \"Only 17\". At a music conference in Colorado, Trainor was introduced to former NRBQ member, Al Anderson. He was impressed by Trainor's songwriting and referred her to his publisher, Carla Wallace at Nashville-based Big Yellow Dog Music. Though Trainor had been offered a full scholarship to the Berklee College of Music, she decided to pursue her songwriting career and signed with Big Yellow Dog. She began her career as a songwriter-for-hire because of her ability to tackle a variety of genres. She began by publishing songs for others and was unsure about becoming a recording artist. Her father said, \"She thought she was one of the chubby girls who would never be an artist\". Trainor graduated from Nauset Regional High School in 2012. Her second promotional single, \"Who I Wanna Be\", was released on April 24, 2012. Throughout 2013, Trainor traveled to Nashville, New York City and Los Angeles, where she wrote and helped produce country and pop music. She sang lead and background vocals on demos for other artists, with her vocals occasionally being used on the final recording. She earned her first songwriting royalties by writing for Italian artists. In June 2013, Trainor met producer Kevin Kadish in Nashville via Wallace and a mutual friend. Kadish and Trainor both liked retro style music and began recording together that month. Trainor later became frustrated with commuting from Nantucket to Los Angeles for songwriting sessions.", "At age 11, Trainor told her father that she wanted to become a recording artist and began writing songs, recording them using the digital audio workstation software GarageBand. She started with her own arrangement of the popular song \"Heart and Soul\". Her mother recalled that Trainor \"did a lot by ear\", and picked up music without formal training. Her father encouraged her to explore every musical genre. Aged 12, Trainor began performing as part of the cover band, Island Fusion, with her aunt, younger brother, and father, performing soca music alongside her own compositions. Trainor was in the group for four years, singing, playing piano, guitar and bongo drums. By age 13, Trainor had written her first original song, \"Give Me a Chance\". Trainor and her family left Nantucket when she was in the eighth grade, temporarily relocating to Orleans, Massachusetts before moving to North Eastham. She attended Nauset Regional High School and studied guitar, played trumpet and sang in a jazz band for three years, and was a substitute cheerleader. While a teenager, Trainor's parents encouraged her to attend songwriting conventions, taking her to venues where production companies were searching for new artists and songwriters. Aged 15, she took guitar lessons from former NRBQ member Johnny Spampinato. During this time, Trainor used Logic Studio to record and produce her compositions, and later worked independently in a home studio built by her parents. Between the ages of 15 and 17, Trainor independently released three albums of material she had written, recorded, and performed. Her eponymous debut album, \"Meghan Trainor\", was released on December 25, 2009, receiving airplay from local Massachusetts radio station WCIB.", "Mike Trainor Mike Trainor (born February 6, 1981) is an American stand-up comedian and writer. Currently, Trainor is a writer and producer for \"The Howard Stern Show\", and has several recurring bits on the show where he calls in as the characters Jeff the Drunk's \"Lump\", Bobo's \"Toupee\", the Hulk, and others. He also provided commentary on the TruTV series \"\". Trainor grew up in West Orange, New Jersey. He began performing stand-up comedy in the summer of 2003 after graduating from Elon University. Trainor is a member of the Kappa Alpha Order. Trainor began his career in New York City. Trainor also started off his career worked for the radio stations Q104.3 and WCBS 880 and at the television news station NY1. Trainor has been featured in \"Maxim Magazine\" and for a while was a regular contributor to CollegeHumor.com. From 2004 to 2006 he was the co-host and producer of the show \"Four Quotas\" on Sirius Satellite Radio alongside Steve Hofstetter. In 2012 Trainor was featured in a Golden Corral ad campaign. Trainor currently is a writer and producer for \"The Howard Stern Show\". He also provided humorous commentary on the show \"\". In 2009, Trainor released a book, \"Fat Things: They Might Not Make You Fat, But You Have Them in Common with Fat People\", published by Giant Books. In 2010, Trainor released his first comedy album, \"Giant\", via Next Round Entertainment.", "He apologizes in the car while asking Trainor to pick up his pills from the store and Trainor admits she had already bought them to him, which he denies. The song begins as Trainor and Bridges enter the barbershop where she works as a hairdresser. As the video progresses, Trainor serves customers while her grandfather deals with his substance abuse. He has a fight in a bar and faints. A bartender (Yo Gotti) calls Trainor to inform her of this. Trainor brings him back to the house where she has fights with her grandfather. Following scenes show Gotti consoling Trainor. The video ends with Bridges being arrested again and Trainor breaking down in tears. Alternatively, the video could have been a flashback with latter events leading up to the arrest at the beginning. The music video received critical acclaim. \" Fuse\"'s Bianca Gracie praised Trainor for \"get[ting] a little more raw and tell[ing] an important story that doesn't come off as too try-hard\" and described the video as a \"dramatic\" short film. Also believing that the video \"contains a serious message\", Lauren Daley of \"The Boston Globe\" noted that it is reminiscent of MTV's \"'80s and '90s video heyday\". Allison Sadlier of \"Entertainment Weekly\" thought the video saw Trainor take an emotional journey and took the song to \"new emotional heights\" and Sophie Schillaci of \"Entertainment Tonight \" wrote that Trainor \"turn[s] up the drama\". Describing the video as a new style for Trainor, \"Much\"s Allison Bowsher said that she \"is doing a 180, showing off her acting chops and shining light on substance abuse\". \" Digital Spy\"s"], "answer": {"text": "When Graziano got out of jail he enlisted in the military but went AWOL after punching a captain.", "answer_start": 1091}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "HOw did Rocky Graziano get started in his carreer?", "answer": {"text": "Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was he when he first fought?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the first tournament his friends told him about?", "answer": {"text": "He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing Competition (1939).", "answer_start": 222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he fight soon again after that?", "answer": {"text": "A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, Graziano was picked up for stealing from a school.", "answer_start": 426, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was his next match?", "answer": {"text": "After he got out of the reformatory, he headed back to the gym to earn money and while there, met Eddie Cocco who started his professional career.", "answer_start": 705, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he know immediately that he wanted to get into boxing?", "answer": {"text": "He sold the gold medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a trainor?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#0", "question": "what does global education mean?", "rewrite": "what does global education mean?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tampa Bay Crosstown Expressway System The Lee Roy Selmon Expressway originated from an expressway system called the Tampa Bay Crosstown Expressway System. The expressways were planned during the 1950s, '60s and '70s. However, the system fizzled out due to financial burdens, land acquisition issues, and community concerns. What is known today as the Lee Roy Selmon Expressway was originally called the \"South Crosstown Expressway\", and was originally designated as State Road 449. The original name can be seen on many older maps and atlases. Original designs had the expressway north of its present route, beginning around Bay-to-Bay Blvd and following a CSX rail line to Cass St, and then cutting through central downtown, and ending around 50th St. In addition, there were plans to connect what is today Ashley Dr to the expressway. However, this plan was changed, most likely due to the development in downtown. Instead, the route was shifted south, taking the expressway through southern downtown. Construction commenced on the South Crosstown Expressway in 1974, beginning around Gandy Blvd at Dale Mabry Hwy and traveling along a CSX rail corridor through Palma Ceia. The route then made an eastward turn at Platt St/Willow Ave as it snaked its way through historic Hyde Park. Construction ended with a 3/4 mile-long, six-lane viaduct that spanned the Hillsborough River in the southern portion of downtown and stopped at Florida Ave (Exit 6A). Stub ramps at the expressway's east end were built for easy extension of the route. The initial six miles (10 km) of the South Crosstown Expressway opened in 1976. Construction commenced on an extension in 1979 due to the immense population growth in Brandon and the heavily congested State Road 60 (Adamo Drive).", "Arguments that a self-interest theorist uses to explain why it is irrational to act on such aims, can be turned against the self-interest theorist, and used as arguments in favor of morality. Conversely, arguments that a self-interest theorist uses against morality could also be used as arguments in support of 'present-aim' theory. Part 3 argues for a reductive account of personal identity; rather than accepting the claim that our existence is a deep, significant fact about the world, Parfit's account of personal identity is like this: At time 1, there is a person. At a later time 2, there is a person. These people seem to be the same person. Indeed, these people share memories and personality traits. But there are no further facts in the world that make them the \"same person\". Then the teleporter is upgraded. The teletransporter on Earth is modified to not destroy the person who enters it, but instead it can simply make infinite replicas, all of whom would claim to remember entering the teletransporter on Earth in the first place. Using thought experiments such as these, Parfit argues that any criteria we attempt to use to determine sameness of person will be lacking, because there is no further fact. What matters, to Parfit, is simply \"Relation R,\" psychological connectedness, including memory, personality, and so on. Parfit continues this logic to establish a new context for morality and social control. He cites that it is morally wrong for one person to harm or interfere with another person and it is incumbent on society to protect individuals from such transgressions.", "The National Education Association (NEA) recognizes Global Education to be a goal that educators strive to succeed in the classroom. The American association supports study abroad trips and teaching overseas for teachers to get a first-hand experience of different cultures. (THINK Global School), a not-for-profit high school based in New York City, provides students with a global education through travel, with enrolled students living and learning in four different countries each year, twelve countries total. The curriculum is designed around place- and project-based learning, allowing students to self-guide their global experiences. Universities in the United States are also expanding their study abroad programs to enhance greater interconnectedness and global economic interdependence. The Institute of International Education (IIE) is researching effective ways that higher education in the United States can grow and create quality study abroad programs within the curriculum. Many K-12 schools within the United States have adapted a Global Education Framework that was created for statewide implementation. Within this framework consist of six essential steps for a successful global education curriculum within each school: Universities in the United States have recently been expanding on the degree programs relating to global education. Many universities offer Bachelor Degree programs and certifications in Global Education, M.S. degrees in Global and International Education , M.A. degrees in International Education, and doctorate degrees in International Education. Not only does the United States have programs for Global Education but so do other countries such as Canada, India, Mexico and European countries. For example, the Finnish Ministry of Education (Finland), in Europe directly put Global Education into their curriculum. They also made Global Education mandatory, meaning you need this in order to improve students critical thinking abilities, their ability to understand the global economy and its complex structure in terms of social and cultural differences.", "promote and encourage global education practices through shared learning of global education fundamentals; support the successful implementation of global education programme activities, in close collaboration with partners and stakeholders in Council of Europe members states and beyond (Southern countries and partners ); achieve recognition of global education by policy-makers in the member states of the Council of Europe. Reinforcement of capacities Objectives: offer guidelines and training courses for practitioners to understand and practice global education. - Joint Management Agreement between the EC and the NSC Objectives: elaborate on the prospects of developing a European framework for global/development education, facilitate and provide the space for dialogue and networking between international and European actors, in particular in the new EU member states, and to share experiences and identify common priorities. Promotion of Global Education Practices  Objectives: promote and encourage global education practices through shared learning of global education fundamentals; support the successful implementation of global education programme activities, in close collaboration with partners and stakeholders in Council of Europe members states and beyond (Southern countries and partners ); achieve recognition of global education by policy-makers in the member states of the Council of Europe. Capacity building Objectives: offer guidelines and training courses for practitioners to understand and practice global education. For more information, see here. Organised annually since 1994 by the North - South Centre of the Council of Europe, the Lisbon Forum is a distinctive platform bringing together high - level participants from Europe, neighbouring regions and other continents to share experience, good practice and expertise. Themes of the Forum have been closely related to the core mission of the Council of Europe: to promote democracy, human rights and the rule of law. In light of the events of the 'Arab Spring' and of the changes in the countries of the region, recent editions of the Forum have sought to address key challenges faced by Arab societies and explore possibilities for renewed cooperation with Europe.", "Global Education Network Europe The Global Education Network Europe (GENE) is the European network of ministries, agencies and other national bodies responsible for support, funding and policy-making in the field of global education. Started in 2001 with 6 national structures, GENE has grown to include structures from 14 countries leading the provision of global education in Europe, with combined annual budgets in excess of 100 million Euro. Global education can be defined as:   The purpose of GENE is to support national structures in their work of improving the quality and increasing the provision of global education in Europe. GENE does this through networking and regular round table discussions, through peer learning and policy research, and through the development of national strategies. Aims of GENE: The overarching aim of GENEs work is to improve the quality and provision of global education in Europe. The ultimate benchmark towards which GENE works is towards the day when all people in Europe will have access to quality global education. GENE achieves this through networking of national strategies, through peer learning, and through common projects, bilateral exchange and capacity building. In 2002 the Maastricht Declaration identified the desirability of developing a system of peer review for global education in Europe. Following a 2003 feasibility study, the \"European Global Education Peer Review Process\" was established to increase and improve the provision of global education in Europe. GENE and the North-South Centre worked closely together to develop this process. The European Global Education Peer Review Process has, since late 2005, been facilitated by GENE, through its secretariat. The funding for the process and the peer review expertise has been provided by GENE participants. The key aim of the Europe-wide process is to increase and improve support for, access to, and the impact of global education in European countries. National reports, and the peer review processes leading to them"], "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#1", "question": "what did Rania have to do with Global Education?", "rewrite": "what did Rania of Jordan have to do with Global Education?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Global Education Network Europe The Global Education Network Europe (GENE) is the European network of ministries, agencies and other national bodies responsible for support, funding and policy-making in the field of global education. Started in 2001 with 6 national structures, GENE has grown to include structures from 14 countries leading the provision of global education in Europe, with combined annual budgets in excess of 100 million Euro. Global education can be defined as:   The purpose of GENE is to support national structures in their work of improving the quality and increasing the provision of global education in Europe. GENE does this through networking and regular round table discussions, through peer learning and policy research, and through the development of national strategies. Aims of GENE: The overarching aim of GENEs work is to improve the quality and provision of global education in Europe. The ultimate benchmark towards which GENE works is towards the day when all people in Europe will have access to quality global education. GENE achieves this through networking of national strategies, through peer learning, and through common projects, bilateral exchange and capacity building. In 2002 the Maastricht Declaration identified the desirability of developing a system of peer review for global education in Europe. Following a 2003 feasibility study, the \"European Global Education Peer Review Process\" was established to increase and improve the provision of global education in Europe. GENE and the North-South Centre worked closely together to develop this process. The European Global Education Peer Review Process has, since late 2005, been facilitated by GENE, through its secretariat. The funding for the process and the peer review expertise has been provided by GENE participants. The key aim of the Europe-wide process is to increase and improve support for, access to, and the impact of global education in European countries. National reports, and the peer review processes leading to them", "went straight to number 2 in the German charts upon release, followed by \"Blessed\" that also charted at number 2 in the German albums chart. Bottom 5: Linda, Fady, Jermaine, Collins, Benjamin Jury Elimination Forecast: Jermaine, Collins Jury Best Performance Forecast: Monika or Sahra or Thomas (All) Eliminated: Jermaine  Bottom 5: Linda, Collins, Benjamin, Rania, Sahra Jury Elimination Forecast: Benjamin, Collins (Dieter), Collins, Rania (Anja), Benjamin (B\u00e4r) Jury Best Performance Forecast: Fady (Dieter, Anja), Monika, Fady (B\u00e4r)  Eliminated: Sahra Bottom 4: Monika, Benjamin, Rania, Stella  Jury Elimination Forecast: Benjamin (All) Jury Best Performance Forecast: Thomas (All) Eliminated: Stella Guest star, Mariah Carey performed her new hit single \"Touch My Body\" and worked with the contestants backstage. This is the first time that the host spoke English and had an English interview live on the show. As well, casting contestant Mario Teusch sang \"Supermario\", a techno song of his experience at his audition with the jury. Bottom 4: Collins, Rania, Benjamin, Thomas Jury Elimination Forecast: Rania (Dieter), Benjamin or Rania (Anja and B\u00e4r) Jury Best Performance Forecast: Fady or Linda  Eliminated: Collins  Bottom 3: Rania, Benjamin, Monika Jury Elimination Forecast: Benjamin or Rania (All) Jury Best Performance Forecast: Linda or Thomas (All) Eliminated: Benjamin  Bottom 3: Rania, Thomas, Monika Jury Elimination Forecast: Rania or Monika (Dieter), Rania (Anja and B\u00e4r) Jury Best Performance Forecast: Didn't say (All)  Eliminated: Rania Bottom: all candidates were in the Bottom Group Jury Elimination Forecast: Monika (All)", "In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "The National Education Association (NEA) recognizes Global Education to be a goal that educators strive to succeed in the classroom. The American association supports study abroad trips and teaching overseas for teachers to get a first-hand experience of different cultures. (THINK Global School), a not-for-profit high school based in New York City, provides students with a global education through travel, with enrolled students living and learning in four different countries each year, twelve countries total. The curriculum is designed around place- and project-based learning, allowing students to self-guide their global experiences. Universities in the United States are also expanding their study abroad programs to enhance greater interconnectedness and global economic interdependence. The Institute of International Education (IIE) is researching effective ways that higher education in the United States can grow and create quality study abroad programs within the curriculum. Many K-12 schools within the United States have adapted a Global Education Framework that was created for statewide implementation. Within this framework consist of six essential steps for a successful global education curriculum within each school: Universities in the United States have recently been expanding on the degree programs relating to global education. Many universities offer Bachelor Degree programs and certifications in Global Education, M.S. degrees in Global and International Education , M.A. degrees in International Education, and doctorate degrees in International Education. Not only does the United States have programs for Global Education but so do other countries such as Canada, India, Mexico and European countries. For example, the Finnish Ministry of Education (Finland), in Europe directly put Global Education into their curriculum. They also made Global Education mandatory, meaning you need this in order to improve students critical thinking abilities, their ability to understand the global economy and its complex structure in terms of social and cultural differences.", "promote and encourage global education practices through shared learning of global education fundamentals; support the successful implementation of global education programme activities, in close collaboration with partners and stakeholders in Council of Europe members states and beyond (Southern countries and partners ); achieve recognition of global education by policy-makers in the member states of the Council of Europe. Reinforcement of capacities Objectives: offer guidelines and training courses for practitioners to understand and practice global education. - Joint Management Agreement between the EC and the NSC Objectives: elaborate on the prospects of developing a European framework for global/development education, facilitate and provide the space for dialogue and networking between international and European actors, in particular in the new EU member states, and to share experiences and identify common priorities. Promotion of Global Education Practices  Objectives: promote and encourage global education practices through shared learning of global education fundamentals; support the successful implementation of global education programme activities, in close collaboration with partners and stakeholders in Council of Europe members states and beyond (Southern countries and partners ); achieve recognition of global education by policy-makers in the member states of the Council of Europe. Capacity building Objectives: offer guidelines and training courses for practitioners to understand and practice global education. For more information, see here. Organised annually since 1994 by the North - South Centre of the Council of Europe, the Lisbon Forum is a distinctive platform bringing together high - level participants from Europe, neighbouring regions and other continents to share experience, good practice and expertise. Themes of the Forum have been closely related to the core mission of the Council of Europe: to promote democracy, human rights and the rule of law. In light of the events of the 'Arab Spring' and of the changes in the countries of the region, recent editions of the Forum have sought to address key challenges faced by Arab societies and explore possibilities for renewed cooperation with Europe."], "answer": {"text": "As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa,", "answer_start": 564}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what does global education mean?", "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#2", "question": "what did she do when she met with them?", "rewrite": "what did Queen Rania do when she met with children and inspirational women in South Africa?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1GOAL Education for All  1GOAL Education for All campaign is run by the Education Week Foundation. Working with football and the footballing community, 1GOAL raises public awareness and involvement in achieving education for all the 67 million children out of school worldwide. It is supported by over 200 international footballers; over 70 football clubs including Manchester United, Corinthians, Los Angeles Galaxy, Chelsea FC, FC Barcelona, Inter Milan, AC Milan, Liverpool F.C., FC Porto, Sporting Lisbon and Arsenal; and national and international footballing organisations including the Confederation of African Football, FIFPro, the Professional Footballers' Association and FIFA. It was launched by Queen Rania of Jordan in August 2009. Alongside Queen Rania, it is co-chaired by FIFA President Sepp Blatter and Nobel prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu. It campaigns to secure schooling for some 67 million children worldwide in accordance with the Millennium Goal Promise of education for all by 2015. There are several barriers to achieving universal primary education: lack of funds to pay for infrastructure and ongoing costs (buildings, teachers' salaries, learning materials); lack of qualified teachers; conflict and the practice of charging school fees in some developing countries. As of July 2010, \"Twelve million people have signed up to support 1Goal - that makes this the biggest campaign for education in history. Football is helping make something very special happen,\" says ambassador Anthony Baffoe of Ghana. By September 2010, 18 million people had joined 1GOAL. During the UN Millennium Development Goals Review Summit, held in New York, 20\u201322 September 2010, Queen Rania delivered this petition directly to UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "FINCA Ventures grew out of FINCA\u2019s mission and recognition that access to basic services requires access to finance and that both are essential to alleviating poverty. The initiative supports innovative solutions to poverty in energy, water and sanitation (WASH), education, health, agriculture and financial technology (fintech). As of August 2019, FINCA Ventures has invested in seven early-stage social enterprises, including Amped Innovation, BioLite, Eneza Education, Good Nature Agro, Ignitia, MDaaS Global and Sanivation. In partnership with USAID\u2019s Partnering to Accelerate Entrepreneurship (PACE) Initiative, FINCA announced the launch of FINCA Forward in October 2018. FINCA Forward is an innovation platform that facilitates collaboration between early-stage fintech enterprises and microfinance institutions supporting the world\u2019s poor. The platform embraces the vital role of small and growing fintech businesses in driving economic growth, creating jobs and advancing market-based solutions to address global challenges in financial inclusion. In 2003, Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan accepted an invitation from FINCA International to join its board of directors, formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy that began in 2000. In accepting the invitation, the Queen reaffirmed her belief in FINCA's vision that microfinance institutions offer a tangible means of providing large numbers of the world's poorest a real stake in their societies. On February 25, 2008, Queen Rania officially inaugurated the FINCA Jordan program and personally visited its clients. International film actress Natalie Portman joined FINCA as its \"Ambassador of Hope\" in 2003, following a meeting with Queen Rania. About the meeting, she explains, \"Because I'm Israeli and", "In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit."], "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy.", "answer_start": 765}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what does global education mean?", "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Rania have to do with Global Education?", "answer": {"text": "As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa,", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#3", "question": "what other countries did she go to?", "rewrite": "Other than South Africa, what other countries did Queen Rania go to?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1GOAL Education for All  1GOAL Education for All campaign is run by the Education Week Foundation. Working with football and the footballing community, 1GOAL raises public awareness and involvement in achieving education for all the 67 million children out of school worldwide. It is supported by over 200 international footballers; over 70 football clubs including Manchester United, Corinthians, Los Angeles Galaxy, Chelsea FC, FC Barcelona, Inter Milan, AC Milan, Liverpool F.C., FC Porto, Sporting Lisbon and Arsenal; and national and international footballing organisations including the Confederation of African Football, FIFPro, the Professional Footballers' Association and FIFA. It was launched by Queen Rania of Jordan in August 2009. Alongside Queen Rania, it is co-chaired by FIFA President Sepp Blatter and Nobel prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu. It campaigns to secure schooling for some 67 million children worldwide in accordance with the Millennium Goal Promise of education for all by 2015. There are several barriers to achieving universal primary education: lack of funds to pay for infrastructure and ongoing costs (buildings, teachers' salaries, learning materials); lack of qualified teachers; conflict and the practice of charging school fees in some developing countries. As of July 2010, \"Twelve million people have signed up to support 1Goal - that makes this the biggest campaign for education in history. Football is helping make something very special happen,\" says ambassador Anthony Baffoe of Ghana. By September 2010, 18 million people had joined 1GOAL. During the UN Millennium Development Goals Review Summit, held in New York, 20\u201322 September 2010, Queen Rania delivered this petition directly to UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon.", "In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations."], "answer": {"text": "April 2009 US trip,", "answer_start": 1132}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what does global education mean?", "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Rania have to do with Global Education?", "answer": {"text": "As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa,", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do when she met with them?", "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#4", "question": "where else did she go to?", "rewrite": "Along with US trip, where else did Queen Rania go to?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["FINCA Ventures grew out of FINCA\u2019s mission and recognition that access to basic services requires access to finance and that both are essential to alleviating poverty. The initiative supports innovative solutions to poverty in energy, water and sanitation (WASH), education, health, agriculture and financial technology (fintech). As of August 2019, FINCA Ventures has invested in seven early-stage social enterprises, including Amped Innovation, BioLite, Eneza Education, Good Nature Agro, Ignitia, MDaaS Global and Sanivation. In partnership with USAID\u2019s Partnering to Accelerate Entrepreneurship (PACE) Initiative, FINCA announced the launch of FINCA Forward in October 2018. FINCA Forward is an innovation platform that facilitates collaboration between early-stage fintech enterprises and microfinance institutions supporting the world\u2019s poor. The platform embraces the vital role of small and growing fintech businesses in driving economic growth, creating jobs and advancing market-based solutions to address global challenges in financial inclusion. In 2003, Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan accepted an invitation from FINCA International to join its board of directors, formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy that began in 2000. In accepting the invitation, the Queen reaffirmed her belief in FINCA's vision that microfinance institutions offer a tangible means of providing large numbers of the world's poorest a real stake in their societies. On February 25, 2008, Queen Rania officially inaugurated the FINCA Jordan program and personally visited its clients. International film actress Natalie Portman joined FINCA as its \"Ambassador of Hope\" in 2003, following a meeting with Queen Rania. About the meeting, she explains, \"Because I'm Israeli and", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations."], "answer": {"text": "Wembley Stadium, London.", "answer_start": 1704}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what does global education mean?", "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Rania have to do with Global Education?", "answer": {"text": "As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa,", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do when she met with them?", "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other countries did she go to?", "answer": {"text": "April 2009 US trip,", "answer_start": 1132, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#5", "question": "did she partner with anyone?", "rewrite": "did Queen Rania partner with anyone?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit.", "In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "FINCA Ventures grew out of FINCA\u2019s mission and recognition that access to basic services requires access to finance and that both are essential to alleviating poverty. The initiative supports innovative solutions to poverty in energy, water and sanitation (WASH), education, health, agriculture and financial technology (fintech). As of August 2019, FINCA Ventures has invested in seven early-stage social enterprises, including Amped Innovation, BioLite, Eneza Education, Good Nature Agro, Ignitia, MDaaS Global and Sanivation. In partnership with USAID\u2019s Partnering to Accelerate Entrepreneurship (PACE) Initiative, FINCA announced the launch of FINCA Forward in October 2018. FINCA Forward is an innovation platform that facilitates collaboration between early-stage fintech enterprises and microfinance institutions supporting the world\u2019s poor. The platform embraces the vital role of small and growing fintech businesses in driving economic growth, creating jobs and advancing market-based solutions to address global challenges in financial inclusion. In 2003, Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan accepted an invitation from FINCA International to join its board of directors, formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy that began in 2000. In accepting the invitation, the Queen reaffirmed her belief in FINCA's vision that microfinance institutions offer a tangible means of providing large numbers of the world's poorest a real stake in their societies. On February 25, 2008, Queen Rania officially inaugurated the FINCA Jordan program and personally visited its clients. International film actress Natalie Portman joined FINCA as its \"Ambassador of Hope\" in 2003, following a meeting with Queen Rania. About the meeting, she explains, \"Because I'm Israeli and", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations."], "answer": {"text": "Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers", "answer_start": 1636}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what does global education mean?", "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Rania have to do with Global Education?", "answer": {"text": "As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa,", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do when she met with them?", "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other countries did she go to?", "answer": {"text": "April 2009 US trip,", "answer_start": 1132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where else did she go to?", "answer": {"text": "Wembley Stadium, London.", "answer_start": 1704, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#6", "question": "is there anything else interesting about her and Global Education?", "rewrite": "Other than international footballers, is there anything else interesting about Queen Rania and Global Education?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "1GOAL Education for All  1GOAL Education for All campaign is run by the Education Week Foundation. Working with football and the footballing community, 1GOAL raises public awareness and involvement in achieving education for all the 67 million children out of school worldwide. It is supported by over 200 international footballers; over 70 football clubs including Manchester United, Corinthians, Los Angeles Galaxy, Chelsea FC, FC Barcelona, Inter Milan, AC Milan, Liverpool F.C., FC Porto, Sporting Lisbon and Arsenal; and national and international footballing organisations including the Confederation of African Football, FIFPro, the Professional Footballers' Association and FIFA. It was launched by Queen Rania of Jordan in August 2009. Alongside Queen Rania, it is co-chaired by FIFA President Sepp Blatter and Nobel prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu. It campaigns to secure schooling for some 67 million children worldwide in accordance with the Millennium Goal Promise of education for all by 2015. There are several barriers to achieving universal primary education: lack of funds to pay for infrastructure and ongoing costs (buildings, teachers' salaries, learning materials); lack of qualified teachers; conflict and the practice of charging school fees in some developing countries. As of July 2010, \"Twelve million people have signed up to support 1Goal - that makes this the biggest campaign for education in history. Football is helping make something very special happen,\" says ambassador Anthony Baffoe of Ghana. By September 2010, 18 million people had joined 1GOAL. During the UN Millennium Development Goals Review Summit, held in New York, 20\u201322 September 2010, Queen Rania delivered this petition directly to UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon.", "FINCA Ventures grew out of FINCA\u2019s mission and recognition that access to basic services requires access to finance and that both are essential to alleviating poverty. The initiative supports innovative solutions to poverty in energy, water and sanitation (WASH), education, health, agriculture and financial technology (fintech). As of August 2019, FINCA Ventures has invested in seven early-stage social enterprises, including Amped Innovation, BioLite, Eneza Education, Good Nature Agro, Ignitia, MDaaS Global and Sanivation. In partnership with USAID\u2019s Partnering to Accelerate Entrepreneurship (PACE) Initiative, FINCA announced the launch of FINCA Forward in October 2018. FINCA Forward is an innovation platform that facilitates collaboration between early-stage fintech enterprises and microfinance institutions supporting the world\u2019s poor. The platform embraces the vital role of small and growing fintech businesses in driving economic growth, creating jobs and advancing market-based solutions to address global challenges in financial inclusion. In 2003, Her Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan accepted an invitation from FINCA International to join its board of directors, formalizing a relationship of support and advocacy that began in 2000. In accepting the invitation, the Queen reaffirmed her belief in FINCA's vision that microfinance institutions offer a tangible means of providing large numbers of the world's poorest a real stake in their societies. On February 25, 2008, Queen Rania officially inaugurated the FINCA Jordan program and personally visited its clients. International film actress Natalie Portman joined FINCA as its \"Ambassador of Hope\" in 2003, following a meeting with Queen Rania. About the meeting, she explains, \"Because I'm Israeli and", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit."], "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\"", "answer_start": 1541}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what does global education mean?", "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Rania have to do with Global Education?", "answer": {"text": "As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa,", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do when she met with them?", "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other countries did she go to?", "answer": {"text": "April 2009 US trip,", "answer_start": 1132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where else did she go to?", "answer": {"text": "Wembley Stadium, London.", "answer_start": 1704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she partner with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers", "answer_start": 1636, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eeb269d4429e427b8333bcdc277211de_1_q#7", "question": "who did she co-found it with?", "rewrite": "who did Queen Rania co-found 1GOAL with?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In November 2000, in recognition of her commitment to the cause of children and youth, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) invited Queen Rania to join its Global Leadership Initiative. The Queen worked alongside other world leaders, including former South African President Nelson Mandela, in a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children. In January 2007, Queen Rania was named UNICEF's first Eminent Advocate for Children. In August 2009, Queen Rania became Honorary Global Chair of the United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa, both in the cities of Johannesburg and Soweto, in March 2009. Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy. One of the stories in the book, \"Maha of the Mountains\", was contributed by Queen Rania. In Soweto, she was the first to write her name in the back of the Big Read, before passing it on to everyone else to write their name. During her April 2009 US trip, Queen Rania joined leading education advocates Congresswoman Nita Lowey and Counsellor to the Secretary of the Treasury Gene Sperling to launch \"The Big Read\" as part of Global Campaign for Education's global action week calling for quality basic education for all children. She was also hosted by first lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, during that same trip. On 20 August 2009, Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\" campaign alongside Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers at Wembley Stadium, London.", "Queen Rania has also been particularly vocal about the importance of cross cultural and interfaith dialogue to foster greater understanding, tolerance and acceptance across the world. She has used her status to correct what she sees as misconceptions in the West about the Arab world. Forbes magazine ranked her as one of the world's 100 most powerful women in 2011. Queen Rania has played a significant role in reaching out to the global community to foster values of tolerance and acceptance, and increase cross-cultural dialogue. For example, regionally and internationally, Queen Rania has campaigned for a greater understanding between cultures in such high-profile forums as the Jeddah Economic Forum, the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and the Skoll Foundation in the UK. Queen Rania has also used YouTube as a way to promote intercultural dialogue by calling on young people around the world to engage in a global dialogue to dismantle stereotypes of Muslims and the Arab world. She has also made public appearances, including a half-hour television interview on The Oprah Winfrey Show on 17 May 2006, where she spoke about misconceptions about Islam and especially women in Islam. For her work in reaching out across cultures she received the North-South Prize from the Council of Europe in March 2009 and the first ever YouTube Visionary Award in November 2008. For her work in cross-cultural peace dialogue Queen Rania accepted the PeaceMaker Award. from the Non-Profit Seeds of Peace. In May 2009, Queen Rania attended the fifth Young Global Leaders Summit at the Dead Sea, Jordan, to address socio-economic challenges facing the region and had trips organized for the Young Global Leaders in which they visited local Madrasati schools, the Jordan River Foundation, and other affiliated organizations.", "1GOAL Education for All  1GOAL Education for All campaign is run by the Education Week Foundation. Working with football and the footballing community, 1GOAL raises public awareness and involvement in achieving education for all the 67 million children out of school worldwide. It is supported by over 200 international footballers; over 70 football clubs including Manchester United, Corinthians, Los Angeles Galaxy, Chelsea FC, FC Barcelona, Inter Milan, AC Milan, Liverpool F.C., FC Porto, Sporting Lisbon and Arsenal; and national and international footballing organisations including the Confederation of African Football, FIFPro, the Professional Footballers' Association and FIFA. It was launched by Queen Rania of Jordan in August 2009. Alongside Queen Rania, it is co-chaired by FIFA President Sepp Blatter and Nobel prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu. It campaigns to secure schooling for some 67 million children worldwide in accordance with the Millennium Goal Promise of education for all by 2015. There are several barriers to achieving universal primary education: lack of funds to pay for infrastructure and ongoing costs (buildings, teachers' salaries, learning materials); lack of qualified teachers; conflict and the practice of charging school fees in some developing countries. As of July 2010, \"Twelve million people have signed up to support 1Goal - that makes this the biggest campaign for education in history. Football is helping make something very special happen,\" says ambassador Anthony Baffoe of Ghana. By September 2010, 18 million people had joined 1GOAL. During the UN Millennium Development Goals Review Summit, held in New York, 20\u201322 September 2010, Queen Rania delivered this petition directly to UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon.", "YouTube Live YouTube Live was a 2008 event streamed live on the Internet from San Francisco and Tokyo. It was launched November 22\u201323, 2008. It was hosted by a variety of YouTube celebrities, including The Black Eyed Peas rapper will.i.am, Tom Dickson of Will It Blend, Michael Buckley, The Happy Tree Friends, Fred, Smosh, Esm\u00e9e Denters and singer Katy Perry, among others. On April 8, 2011, The channel was closed, effectively removing all videos. It was replaced by the YouTube live section page. Jordanian Queen Rania was also honored at the event with the first ever YouTube Visionary Award for her efforts to combat stereotypes and misconceptions associated with Arabs and Muslims. With over 3 million views, Queen Rania created her own channel on YouTube in March 2008 to start an international conversation, which she called \"unscripted, unedited and unfiltered\". As a sponsor for the event, Flip Video gave away a free Flip Video Mino to many of the audience members to record any of the event. A station to upload videos to YouTube from the Mino was also provided, and promoted, in sponsorship of Flip. The event was meant to be an annual show, as referenced by Katy Perry at the beginning; however, it remains the only event to date. This is a list of special guests and performers in order of appearance, who include:   In 2008, YouTube honored Queen Rania of Jordan with the inaugural YouTube Visionary Award. Presenting the award, San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom explained the honor as for her \"use of technology to instigate social change\". The Queen accepted the award via taped message where she spoofed US comedian David Letterman by copying his Top 10 format in a humorous clip where she explained why she started her channel on YouTube.", "Queen Rania is co-founder and global co-chair of the 1GOAL campaign to rally World Cup 2010 fans together during the world's biggest single sporting event and call on world leaders to give 75 million children out of school an education. On 6 October 2009, Queen Rania was joined by Prime Minister Gordon Brown of the UK, the President of FIFA, Sepp Blatter, President Jacob Zuma of South Africa, and other heads of state, for the Global Launch of 1GOAL, which took place across six locations worldwide. Queen Rania spoke of the need to turn this \"tragedy into triumph\" and called on political leaders to stand by their aid commitments. In 2008, Queen Rania participated in YouTube's In My Name campaign. She appeared alongside The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am in the video, \"End Poverty - Be the Generation,\" which urged world leaders to keep the promises they made in 2000 at the United Nations Millennium Summit."], "answer": {"text": "Gary Lineker,", "answer_start": 1636}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what does global education mean?", "answer": {"text": "a global movement seeking to improve the welfare of children.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did Rania have to do with Global Education?", "answer": {"text": "As a longtime supporter of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), Queen Rania met with children and inspirational women in South Africa,", "answer_start": 564, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did she do when she met with them?", "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania and the women took turns reading a short story out of The Big Read to the children, in an effort to encourage literacy.", "answer_start": 765, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other countries did she go to?", "answer": {"text": "April 2009 US trip,", "answer_start": 1132, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where else did she go to?", "answer": {"text": "Wembley Stadium, London.", "answer_start": 1704, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she partner with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Gary Lineker, and with the help of top international footballers", "answer_start": 1636, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there anything else interesting about her and Global Education?", "answer": {"text": "Queen Rania co-founded and led the launch of the \"1GOAL: Education for All\"", "answer_start": 1541, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90a1fa57b9f547d9ac21d8b7666457af_1_q#0", "question": "In what ways did David McCullough experience growth?", "rewrite": "In what ways did David McCullough experience growth?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Congress (1988 film) The Congress is a 1988 documentary film directed by the Emmy Award-winning director Ken Burns. The Florentine Films production, which focuses on the United States Congress, aired on PBS in 1989. Narrated by David McCullough, the documentary features use of photographs, paintings, and film from sessions of Congress, in its implementation of the Ken Burns Effect. Scenes from the Academy Award-winning Frank Capra film \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\" are also used. The work features numerous interviews from writers and historians including Charles McDowell, David McCullough, Cokie Roberts, George Tames, David Broder, James MacGregor Burns, Barbara Fields, and Alistair Cooke. Many congressmen are specifically referred to, including Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Jefferson Davis, Thomas Brackett Reed, Joseph Gurney Cannon, George William Norris, Jeannette Rankin, and Everett Dirksen. The film also includes focus on the Congress' work during pivotal periods in United States history, including the Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, and Women's suffrage. The documentary was released by PBS, on DVD in 2004. Footage of the Capitol from the film was later incorporated into Burns' later masterpiece, The Civil War.", "Truman (book) Truman is a 1992 biography of the 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman written by popular historian David McCullough. The book won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. The book was later made into a movie with the same name by HBO. The book provides a biography of Harry Truman in chronological fashion from his birth to his rise to U.S. senator, vice-president, president, following his activities until death, exploring many of the major decisions he made as president, including his decision to drop the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, his meetings and confrontation with Joseph Stalin during the end of World War II, his decision to create the Marshall Plan, his decision to send troops to the Korean War, his decision to recognize the state of Israel, and his decision to desegregate the United States armed forces. After writing \"Mornings on Horseback\", which was McCullough's first biography and consisted of an in-depth look at a small period in the life of former United States President Theodore Roosevelt, McCullough wanted to do a more full biography, \"a mural instead of a Vermeer.\" At first, McCullough attempted to write a biography about Pablo Picasso, but abandoned the project in favor of doing a book on Truman. McCullough decided that he would structure the story of Truman's biography in chronological fashion. McCullough explained his reasoning for this decision by stating: \"It's been very fashionable lately to begin biographies anywhere but at the beginning, heaven forbid. But I didn't want to do anything tricky or fashionable because [Truman] was neither of those things. Harry Truman was a 19th-century man and I decided I would proceed as a great 19th-century biographer would, or as Dickens would.\"", "After the success of The Johnstown Flood, two new publishers offered him contracts, one to write about the Great Chicago Fire and another about the San Francisco earthquake. Simon & Schuster, publisher of his first book, also offered McCullough a contract to write a second book. Trying not to become \"Bad News McCullough\", he decided to write about a subject showing \"people were not always foolish and inept or irresponsible.\" He remembered the words of his Yale teacher: \"[Thornton] Wilder said he got the idea for a book or a play when he wanted to learn about something. Then, he'd check to see if anybody had already done it, and if they hadn't, he'd do it.\" McCullough decided to write a history of the Brooklyn Bridge, which he had walked across many times. To me history ought to be a source of pleasure. It isn't just part of our civic responsibility. To me it's an enlargement of the experience of being alive, just the way literature or art or music is. - David McCullough  He also proposed, from a suggestion by his editor, a work about the Panama Canal; both were accepted by the publisher. Critics hailed The Great Bridge (1972) as \"the definitive book on the event.\" Five years later, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal was released, gaining McCullough widespread recognition. The book won the National Book Award in History, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award, the Francis Parkman Prize, and the Cornelius Ryan Award. Later in 1977, McCullough travelled to the White House to advise Jimmy Carter and the United States Senate on the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which would give Panama control of the Canal.", "John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \"one of the great love stories of American history.\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \"John Adams\". He was criticized in a \"Harper's Magazine\" review of the book, which claimed that McCullough had mistakenly attributed Jefferson as having referred to the second president as a \"colossus of independence.\" Upon being confronted with the accusation, McCullough admitted that he had, in fact, \"erred\". \"It's hard work; you're trying to get the truth about distant times,\" he told The Associated Press. \"When you make the mistakes, it's very painful, but you will make mistakes. We're imperfect, in an imperfect world.\"", "David McCullough Bridge The David McCullough Bridge, commonly and historically known as the 16th Street Bridge, is a steel trussed through arch bridge that spans the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The 16th Street Bridge replaced the Mechanics Street Bridge which had been completed at the behest of the State of Pennsylvania in 1838. The 16th Street Bridge was constructed in 1922 with a length of and a width of . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 16th Street Bridge is one of the more popular bridges in the city of Pittsburgh and provides easy access to the Strip District and the North Shore. Days after the infamous St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936, reports spread on March 20 that the bridge had collapsed from the pressure of the receding flood waters and debris, prompting Pittsburgh Police Chief Jacob Dorsey to close all city bridges for fear of receding waters and debris weakening or collapsing them. However, the reports were soon discovered to be false. On July 7, 2013, the structure was named in honor of native historian, author and commentator David McCullough in a bridge ceremony sponsored by Heinz History Center."], "answer": {"text": "In 1951, McCullough began attending Yale University.", "answer_start": 782}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_90a1fa57b9f547d9ac21d8b7666457af_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he grow up as a youth?", "rewrite": "Where did David McCullough grow up as a youth?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["David McCullough Bridge The David McCullough Bridge, commonly and historically known as the 16th Street Bridge, is a steel trussed through arch bridge that spans the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The 16th Street Bridge replaced the Mechanics Street Bridge which had been completed at the behest of the State of Pennsylvania in 1838. The 16th Street Bridge was constructed in 1922 with a length of and a width of . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 16th Street Bridge is one of the more popular bridges in the city of Pittsburgh and provides easy access to the Strip District and the North Shore. Days after the infamous St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936, reports spread on March 20 that the bridge had collapsed from the pressure of the receding flood waters and debris, prompting Pittsburgh Police Chief Jacob Dorsey to close all city bridges for fear of receding waters and debris weakening or collapsing them. However, the reports were soon discovered to be false. On July 7, 2013, the structure was named in honor of native historian, author and commentator David McCullough in a bridge ceremony sponsored by Heinz History Center.", "The Congress (1988 film) The Congress is a 1988 documentary film directed by the Emmy Award-winning director Ken Burns. The Florentine Films production, which focuses on the United States Congress, aired on PBS in 1989. Narrated by David McCullough, the documentary features use of photographs, paintings, and film from sessions of Congress, in its implementation of the Ken Burns Effect. Scenes from the Academy Award-winning Frank Capra film \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\" are also used. The work features numerous interviews from writers and historians including Charles McDowell, David McCullough, Cokie Roberts, George Tames, David Broder, James MacGregor Burns, Barbara Fields, and Alistair Cooke. Many congressmen are specifically referred to, including Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Jefferson Davis, Thomas Brackett Reed, Joseph Gurney Cannon, George William Norris, Jeannette Rankin, and Everett Dirksen. The film also includes focus on the Congress' work during pivotal periods in United States history, including the Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, and Women's suffrage. The documentary was released by PBS, on DVD in 2004. Footage of the Capitol from the film was later incorporated into Burns' later masterpiece, The Civil War.", "Truman (book) Truman is a 1992 biography of the 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman written by popular historian David McCullough. The book won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. The book was later made into a movie with the same name by HBO. The book provides a biography of Harry Truman in chronological fashion from his birth to his rise to U.S. senator, vice-president, president, following his activities until death, exploring many of the major decisions he made as president, including his decision to drop the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, his meetings and confrontation with Joseph Stalin during the end of World War II, his decision to create the Marshall Plan, his decision to send troops to the Korean War, his decision to recognize the state of Israel, and his decision to desegregate the United States armed forces. After writing \"Mornings on Horseback\", which was McCullough's first biography and consisted of an in-depth look at a small period in the life of former United States President Theodore Roosevelt, McCullough wanted to do a more full biography, \"a mural instead of a Vermeer.\" At first, McCullough attempted to write a biography about Pablo Picasso, but abandoned the project in favor of doing a book on Truman. McCullough decided that he would structure the story of Truman's biography in chronological fashion. McCullough explained his reasoning for this decision by stating: \"It's been very fashionable lately to begin biographies anywhere but at the beginning, heaven forbid. But I didn't want to do anything tricky or fashionable because [Truman] was neither of those things. Harry Truman was a 19th-century man and I decided I would proceed as a great 19th-century biographer would, or as Dickens would.\"", "John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \"one of the great love stories of American history.\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \"John Adams\". He was criticized in a \"Harper's Magazine\" review of the book, which claimed that McCullough had mistakenly attributed Jefferson as having referred to the second president as a \"colossus of independence.\" Upon being confronted with the accusation, McCullough admitted that he had, in fact, \"erred\". \"It's hard work; you're trying to get the truth about distant times,\" he told The Associated Press. \"When you make the mistakes, it's very painful, but you will make mistakes. We're imperfect, in an imperfect world.\"", "After the success of The Johnstown Flood, two new publishers offered him contracts, one to write about the Great Chicago Fire and another about the San Francisco earthquake. Simon & Schuster, publisher of his first book, also offered McCullough a contract to write a second book. Trying not to become \"Bad News McCullough\", he decided to write about a subject showing \"people were not always foolish and inept or irresponsible.\" He remembered the words of his Yale teacher: \"[Thornton] Wilder said he got the idea for a book or a play when he wanted to learn about something. Then, he'd check to see if anybody had already done it, and if they hadn't, he'd do it.\" McCullough decided to write a history of the Brooklyn Bridge, which he had walked across many times. To me history ought to be a source of pleasure. It isn't just part of our civic responsibility. To me it's an enlargement of the experience of being alive, just the way literature or art or music is. - David McCullough  He also proposed, from a suggestion by his editor, a work about the Panama Canal; both were accepted by the publisher. Critics hailed The Great Bridge (1972) as \"the definitive book on the event.\" Five years later, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal was released, gaining McCullough widespread recognition. The book won the National Book Award in History, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award, the Francis Parkman Prize, and the Cornelius Ryan Award. Later in 1977, McCullough travelled to the White House to advise Jimmy Carter and the United States Senate on the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which would give Panama control of the Canal."], "answer": {"text": "Pittsburgh.", "answer_start": 260}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways did David McCullough experience growth?", "answer": {"text": "In 1951, McCullough began attending Yale University.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90a1fa57b9f547d9ac21d8b7666457af_1_q#2", "question": "How long did he live in Pittsburgh?", "rewrite": "How long did David McCullough live in Pittsburgh?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Truman (book) Truman is a 1992 biography of the 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman written by popular historian David McCullough. The book won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. The book was later made into a movie with the same name by HBO. The book provides a biography of Harry Truman in chronological fashion from his birth to his rise to U.S. senator, vice-president, president, following his activities until death, exploring many of the major decisions he made as president, including his decision to drop the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, his meetings and confrontation with Joseph Stalin during the end of World War II, his decision to create the Marshall Plan, his decision to send troops to the Korean War, his decision to recognize the state of Israel, and his decision to desegregate the United States armed forces. After writing \"Mornings on Horseback\", which was McCullough's first biography and consisted of an in-depth look at a small period in the life of former United States President Theodore Roosevelt, McCullough wanted to do a more full biography, \"a mural instead of a Vermeer.\" At first, McCullough attempted to write a biography about Pablo Picasso, but abandoned the project in favor of doing a book on Truman. McCullough decided that he would structure the story of Truman's biography in chronological fashion. McCullough explained his reasoning for this decision by stating: \"It's been very fashionable lately to begin biographies anywhere but at the beginning, heaven forbid. But I didn't want to do anything tricky or fashionable because [Truman] was neither of those things. Harry Truman was a 19th-century man and I decided I would proceed as a great 19th-century biographer would, or as Dickens would.\"", "After the success of The Johnstown Flood, two new publishers offered him contracts, one to write about the Great Chicago Fire and another about the San Francisco earthquake. Simon & Schuster, publisher of his first book, also offered McCullough a contract to write a second book. Trying not to become \"Bad News McCullough\", he decided to write about a subject showing \"people were not always foolish and inept or irresponsible.\" He remembered the words of his Yale teacher: \"[Thornton] Wilder said he got the idea for a book or a play when he wanted to learn about something. Then, he'd check to see if anybody had already done it, and if they hadn't, he'd do it.\" McCullough decided to write a history of the Brooklyn Bridge, which he had walked across many times. To me history ought to be a source of pleasure. It isn't just part of our civic responsibility. To me it's an enlargement of the experience of being alive, just the way literature or art or music is. - David McCullough  He also proposed, from a suggestion by his editor, a work about the Panama Canal; both were accepted by the publisher. Critics hailed The Great Bridge (1972) as \"the definitive book on the event.\" Five years later, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal was released, gaining McCullough widespread recognition. The book won the National Book Award in History, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award, the Francis Parkman Prize, and the Cornelius Ryan Award. Later in 1977, McCullough travelled to the White House to advise Jimmy Carter and the United States Senate on the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which would give Panama control of the Canal.", "John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \"one of the great love stories of American history.\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \"John Adams\". He was criticized in a \"Harper's Magazine\" review of the book, which claimed that McCullough had mistakenly attributed Jefferson as having referred to the second president as a \"colossus of independence.\" Upon being confronted with the accusation, McCullough admitted that he had, in fact, \"erred\". \"It's hard work; you're trying to get the truth about distant times,\" he told The Associated Press. \"When you make the mistakes, it's very painful, but you will make mistakes. We're imperfect, in an imperfect world.\"", "In 2004, the Town had to discontinue the \"Take it or Leave it\" because of funding cutbacks. However, within six months town residents reinstated it by means of a volunteer system. The section reopened with volunteers on duty at all times to organize the goods and ensure that only usable items were left there. The town is known for possessing the second greatest concentration of residents with advanced degrees in the country. The public education services of the town are very well regarded, especially Wellesley High School; in 2007 it was ranked 70th best public high school in the nation by U.S. News & World Report, earning a Gold Medal. The following year, the high school's accreditation was placed on warning status by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges Commission on Public Secondary Schools. Wellesley High gained national attention in 2012 when English teacher David McCullough Jr. (son of noted author/historian David McCullough) delivered a widely read and viewed commencement address dubbed \"You're Not Special\", in which he urged graduates not to take things for granted. On the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System test, the district regularly scores higher than the state average. The school system also contains a middle school and seven elementary schools (Bates, Upham, Schofield, Fiske, Hardy, Hunnewell, and Sprague). The town contains a private elementary school, Tenacre Country Day School, one private Catholic elementary school (St. John the Evangelist) and a preparatory school for girls, Dana Hall School. Also, the Wellesley A Better Chance outfit started in the early 1970s brings promising young women from underserved areas into town to attend Wellesley High School and live nearby. Wellesley also contains the main campus of three colleges: Wellesley, a women's liberal arts college, Massachusetts Bay Community College, a two-year public college, and Babson, a business college.", "David McCullough Bridge The David McCullough Bridge, commonly and historically known as the 16th Street Bridge, is a steel trussed through arch bridge that spans the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The 16th Street Bridge replaced the Mechanics Street Bridge which had been completed at the behest of the State of Pennsylvania in 1838. The 16th Street Bridge was constructed in 1922 with a length of and a width of . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 16th Street Bridge is one of the more popular bridges in the city of Pittsburgh and provides easy access to the Strip District and the North Shore. Days after the infamous St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936, reports spread on March 20 that the bridge had collapsed from the pressure of the receding flood waters and debris, prompting Pittsburgh Police Chief Jacob Dorsey to close all city bridges for fear of receding waters and debris weakening or collapsing them. However, the reports were soon discovered to be false. On July 7, 2013, the structure was named in honor of native historian, author and commentator David McCullough in a bridge ceremony sponsored by Heinz History Center."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways did David McCullough experience growth?", "answer": {"text": "In 1951, McCullough began attending Yale University.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up as a youth?", "answer": {"text": "Pittsburgh.", "answer_start": 260, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90a1fa57b9f547d9ac21d8b7666457af_1_q#3", "question": "Where did his parents come from?", "rewrite": "Where did David McCullough's parents come from?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \"one of the great love stories of American history.\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \"John Adams\". He was criticized in a \"Harper's Magazine\" review of the book, which claimed that McCullough had mistakenly attributed Jefferson as having referred to the second president as a \"colossus of independence.\" Upon being confronted with the accusation, McCullough admitted that he had, in fact, \"erred\". \"It's hard work; you're trying to get the truth about distant times,\" he told The Associated Press. \"When you make the mistakes, it's very painful, but you will make mistakes. We're imperfect, in an imperfect world.\"", "The Congress (1988 film) The Congress is a 1988 documentary film directed by the Emmy Award-winning director Ken Burns. The Florentine Films production, which focuses on the United States Congress, aired on PBS in 1989. Narrated by David McCullough, the documentary features use of photographs, paintings, and film from sessions of Congress, in its implementation of the Ken Burns Effect. Scenes from the Academy Award-winning Frank Capra film \"Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\" are also used. The work features numerous interviews from writers and historians including Charles McDowell, David McCullough, Cokie Roberts, George Tames, David Broder, James MacGregor Burns, Barbara Fields, and Alistair Cooke. Many congressmen are specifically referred to, including Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Jefferson Davis, Thomas Brackett Reed, Joseph Gurney Cannon, George William Norris, Jeannette Rankin, and Everett Dirksen. The film also includes focus on the Congress' work during pivotal periods in United States history, including the Civil War, Civil Rights Movement, and Women's suffrage. The documentary was released by PBS, on DVD in 2004. Footage of the Capitol from the film was later incorporated into Burns' later masterpiece, The Civil War.", "After the success of The Johnstown Flood, two new publishers offered him contracts, one to write about the Great Chicago Fire and another about the San Francisco earthquake. Simon & Schuster, publisher of his first book, also offered McCullough a contract to write a second book. Trying not to become \"Bad News McCullough\", he decided to write about a subject showing \"people were not always foolish and inept or irresponsible.\" He remembered the words of his Yale teacher: \"[Thornton] Wilder said he got the idea for a book or a play when he wanted to learn about something. Then, he'd check to see if anybody had already done it, and if they hadn't, he'd do it.\" McCullough decided to write a history of the Brooklyn Bridge, which he had walked across many times. To me history ought to be a source of pleasure. It isn't just part of our civic responsibility. To me it's an enlargement of the experience of being alive, just the way literature or art or music is. - David McCullough  He also proposed, from a suggestion by his editor, a work about the Panama Canal; both were accepted by the publisher. Critics hailed The Great Bridge (1972) as \"the definitive book on the event.\" Five years later, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal was released, gaining McCullough widespread recognition. The book won the National Book Award in History, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award, the Francis Parkman Prize, and the Cornelius Ryan Award. Later in 1977, McCullough travelled to the White House to advise Jimmy Carter and the United States Senate on the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which would give Panama control of the Canal.", "Truman (book) Truman is a 1992 biography of the 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman written by popular historian David McCullough. The book won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. The book was later made into a movie with the same name by HBO. The book provides a biography of Harry Truman in chronological fashion from his birth to his rise to U.S. senator, vice-president, president, following his activities until death, exploring many of the major decisions he made as president, including his decision to drop the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, his meetings and confrontation with Joseph Stalin during the end of World War II, his decision to create the Marshall Plan, his decision to send troops to the Korean War, his decision to recognize the state of Israel, and his decision to desegregate the United States armed forces. After writing \"Mornings on Horseback\", which was McCullough's first biography and consisted of an in-depth look at a small period in the life of former United States President Theodore Roosevelt, McCullough wanted to do a more full biography, \"a mural instead of a Vermeer.\" At first, McCullough attempted to write a biography about Pablo Picasso, but abandoned the project in favor of doing a book on Truman. McCullough decided that he would structure the story of Truman's biography in chronological fashion. McCullough explained his reasoning for this decision by stating: \"It's been very fashionable lately to begin biographies anywhere but at the beginning, heaven forbid. But I didn't want to do anything tricky or fashionable because [Truman] was neither of those things. Harry Truman was a 19th-century man and I decided I would proceed as a great 19th-century biographer would, or as Dickens would.\"", "David McCullough Bridge The David McCullough Bridge, commonly and historically known as the 16th Street Bridge, is a steel trussed through arch bridge that spans the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The 16th Street Bridge replaced the Mechanics Street Bridge which had been completed at the behest of the State of Pennsylvania in 1838. The 16th Street Bridge was constructed in 1922 with a length of and a width of . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 16th Street Bridge is one of the more popular bridges in the city of Pittsburgh and provides easy access to the Strip District and the North Shore. Days after the infamous St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936, reports spread on March 20 that the bridge had collapsed from the pressure of the receding flood waters and debris, prompting Pittsburgh Police Chief Jacob Dorsey to close all city bridges for fear of receding waters and debris weakening or collapsing them. However, the reports were soon discovered to be false. On July 7, 2013, the structure was named in honor of native historian, author and commentator David McCullough in a bridge ceremony sponsored by Heinz History Center."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways did David McCullough experience growth?", "answer": {"text": "In 1951, McCullough began attending Yale University.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up as a youth?", "answer": {"text": "Pittsburgh.", "answer_start": 260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he live in Pittsburgh?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90a1fa57b9f547d9ac21d8b7666457af_1_q#4", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did David McCullough go to school?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Truman (book) Truman is a 1992 biography of the 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman written by popular historian David McCullough. The book won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. The book was later made into a movie with the same name by HBO. The book provides a biography of Harry Truman in chronological fashion from his birth to his rise to U.S. senator, vice-president, president, following his activities until death, exploring many of the major decisions he made as president, including his decision to drop the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, his meetings and confrontation with Joseph Stalin during the end of World War II, his decision to create the Marshall Plan, his decision to send troops to the Korean War, his decision to recognize the state of Israel, and his decision to desegregate the United States armed forces. After writing \"Mornings on Horseback\", which was McCullough's first biography and consisted of an in-depth look at a small period in the life of former United States President Theodore Roosevelt, McCullough wanted to do a more full biography, \"a mural instead of a Vermeer.\" At first, McCullough attempted to write a biography about Pablo Picasso, but abandoned the project in favor of doing a book on Truman. McCullough decided that he would structure the story of Truman's biography in chronological fashion. McCullough explained his reasoning for this decision by stating: \"It's been very fashionable lately to begin biographies anywhere but at the beginning, heaven forbid. But I didn't want to do anything tricky or fashionable because [Truman] was neither of those things. Harry Truman was a 19th-century man and I decided I would proceed as a great 19th-century biographer would, or as Dickens would.\"", "In 2004, the Town had to discontinue the \"Take it or Leave it\" because of funding cutbacks. However, within six months town residents reinstated it by means of a volunteer system. The section reopened with volunteers on duty at all times to organize the goods and ensure that only usable items were left there. The town is known for possessing the second greatest concentration of residents with advanced degrees in the country. The public education services of the town are very well regarded, especially Wellesley High School; in 2007 it was ranked 70th best public high school in the nation by U.S. News & World Report, earning a Gold Medal. The following year, the high school's accreditation was placed on warning status by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges Commission on Public Secondary Schools. Wellesley High gained national attention in 2012 when English teacher David McCullough Jr. (son of noted author/historian David McCullough) delivered a widely read and viewed commencement address dubbed \"You're Not Special\", in which he urged graduates not to take things for granted. On the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System test, the district regularly scores higher than the state average. The school system also contains a middle school and seven elementary schools (Bates, Upham, Schofield, Fiske, Hardy, Hunnewell, and Sprague). The town contains a private elementary school, Tenacre Country Day School, one private Catholic elementary school (St. John the Evangelist) and a preparatory school for girls, Dana Hall School. Also, the Wellesley A Better Chance outfit started in the early 1970s brings promising young women from underserved areas into town to attend Wellesley High School and live nearby. Wellesley also contains the main campus of three colleges: Wellesley, a women's liberal arts college, Massachusetts Bay Community College, a two-year public college, and Babson, a business college.", "David McCullough Bridge The David McCullough Bridge, commonly and historically known as the 16th Street Bridge, is a steel trussed through arch bridge that spans the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The 16th Street Bridge replaced the Mechanics Street Bridge which had been completed at the behest of the State of Pennsylvania in 1838. The 16th Street Bridge was constructed in 1922 with a length of and a width of . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 16th Street Bridge is one of the more popular bridges in the city of Pittsburgh and provides easy access to the Strip District and the North Shore. Days after the infamous St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936, reports spread on March 20 that the bridge had collapsed from the pressure of the receding flood waters and debris, prompting Pittsburgh Police Chief Jacob Dorsey to close all city bridges for fear of receding waters and debris weakening or collapsing them. However, the reports were soon discovered to be false. On July 7, 2013, the structure was named in honor of native historian, author and commentator David McCullough in a bridge ceremony sponsored by Heinz History Center.", "After the success of The Johnstown Flood, two new publishers offered him contracts, one to write about the Great Chicago Fire and another about the San Francisco earthquake. Simon & Schuster, publisher of his first book, also offered McCullough a contract to write a second book. Trying not to become \"Bad News McCullough\", he decided to write about a subject showing \"people were not always foolish and inept or irresponsible.\" He remembered the words of his Yale teacher: \"[Thornton] Wilder said he got the idea for a book or a play when he wanted to learn about something. Then, he'd check to see if anybody had already done it, and if they hadn't, he'd do it.\" McCullough decided to write a history of the Brooklyn Bridge, which he had walked across many times. To me history ought to be a source of pleasure. It isn't just part of our civic responsibility. To me it's an enlargement of the experience of being alive, just the way literature or art or music is. - David McCullough  He also proposed, from a suggestion by his editor, a work about the Panama Canal; both were accepted by the publisher. Critics hailed The Great Bridge (1972) as \"the definitive book on the event.\" Five years later, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal was released, gaining McCullough widespread recognition. The book won the National Book Award in History, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award, the Francis Parkman Prize, and the Cornelius Ryan Award. Later in 1977, McCullough travelled to the White House to advise Jimmy Carter and the United States Senate on the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which would give Panama control of the Canal.", "John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \"one of the great love stories of American history.\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \"John Adams\". He was criticized in a \"Harper's Magazine\" review of the book, which claimed that McCullough had mistakenly attributed Jefferson as having referred to the second president as a \"colossus of independence.\" Upon being confronted with the accusation, McCullough admitted that he had, in fact, \"erred\". \"It's hard work; you're trying to get the truth about distant times,\" he told The Associated Press. \"When you make the mistakes, it's very painful, but you will make mistakes. We're imperfect, in an imperfect world.\""], "answer": {"text": "to study English at Yale", "answer_start": 869}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways did David McCullough experience growth?", "answer": {"text": "In 1951, McCullough began attending Yale University.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up as a youth?", "answer": {"text": "Pittsburgh.", "answer_start": 260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he live in Pittsburgh?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did his parents come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90a1fa57b9f547d9ac21d8b7666457af_1_q#5", "question": "When did he graduate?", "rewrite": "When did David McCullough graduate?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Truman (book) Truman is a 1992 biography of the 33rd President of the United States Harry S. Truman written by popular historian David McCullough. The book won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. The book was later made into a movie with the same name by HBO. The book provides a biography of Harry Truman in chronological fashion from his birth to his rise to U.S. senator, vice-president, president, following his activities until death, exploring many of the major decisions he made as president, including his decision to drop the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, his meetings and confrontation with Joseph Stalin during the end of World War II, his decision to create the Marshall Plan, his decision to send troops to the Korean War, his decision to recognize the state of Israel, and his decision to desegregate the United States armed forces. After writing \"Mornings on Horseback\", which was McCullough's first biography and consisted of an in-depth look at a small period in the life of former United States President Theodore Roosevelt, McCullough wanted to do a more full biography, \"a mural instead of a Vermeer.\" At first, McCullough attempted to write a biography about Pablo Picasso, but abandoned the project in favor of doing a book on Truman. McCullough decided that he would structure the story of Truman's biography in chronological fashion. McCullough explained his reasoning for this decision by stating: \"It's been very fashionable lately to begin biographies anywhere but at the beginning, heaven forbid. But I didn't want to do anything tricky or fashionable because [Truman] was neither of those things. Harry Truman was a 19th-century man and I decided I would proceed as a great 19th-century biographer would, or as Dickens would.\"", "David McCullough Bridge The David McCullough Bridge, commonly and historically known as the 16th Street Bridge, is a steel trussed through arch bridge that spans the Allegheny River in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The 16th Street Bridge replaced the Mechanics Street Bridge which had been completed at the behest of the State of Pennsylvania in 1838. The 16th Street Bridge was constructed in 1922 with a length of and a width of . The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 16th Street Bridge is one of the more popular bridges in the city of Pittsburgh and provides easy access to the Strip District and the North Shore. Days after the infamous St. Patrick's Day Flood of 1936, reports spread on March 20 that the bridge had collapsed from the pressure of the receding flood waters and debris, prompting Pittsburgh Police Chief Jacob Dorsey to close all city bridges for fear of receding waters and debris weakening or collapsing them. However, the reports were soon discovered to be false. On July 7, 2013, the structure was named in honor of native historian, author and commentator David McCullough in a bridge ceremony sponsored by Heinz History Center.", "After the success of The Johnstown Flood, two new publishers offered him contracts, one to write about the Great Chicago Fire and another about the San Francisco earthquake. Simon & Schuster, publisher of his first book, also offered McCullough a contract to write a second book. Trying not to become \"Bad News McCullough\", he decided to write about a subject showing \"people were not always foolish and inept or irresponsible.\" He remembered the words of his Yale teacher: \"[Thornton] Wilder said he got the idea for a book or a play when he wanted to learn about something. Then, he'd check to see if anybody had already done it, and if they hadn't, he'd do it.\" McCullough decided to write a history of the Brooklyn Bridge, which he had walked across many times. To me history ought to be a source of pleasure. It isn't just part of our civic responsibility. To me it's an enlargement of the experience of being alive, just the way literature or art or music is. - David McCullough  He also proposed, from a suggestion by his editor, a work about the Panama Canal; both were accepted by the publisher. Critics hailed The Great Bridge (1972) as \"the definitive book on the event.\" Five years later, The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal was released, gaining McCullough widespread recognition. The book won the National Book Award in History, the Samuel Eliot Morison Award, the Francis Parkman Prize, and the Cornelius Ryan Award. Later in 1977, McCullough travelled to the White House to advise Jimmy Carter and the United States Senate on the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, which would give Panama control of the Canal.", "John Adams (book) John Adams is a 2001 biography of the Founding Father and second U.S. President John Adams, written by the popular American historian David McCullough, which won the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. It has been made into a TV miniseries with the same name by HBO Films. Since the TV miniseries debuted, an alternative cover has been added to the book showing Paul Giamatti as John Adams. The book is available as both hardcover and paperback. Although the book was originally intended to be a dual biography of Adams and Jefferson, McCullough was increasingly drawn to Adams and away from Jefferson. The author spent six years studying Adams, reading the same books he had read and visiting the places he had lived. Perhaps the greatest treasure trove was the enormous amount of correspondence between John Adams and his wife, Abigail Adams, a marriage McCullough calls \"one of the great love stories of American history.\" Also invaluable was his long correspondence with his successor as President, Thomas Jefferson, which McCullough calls \"one of the most extraordinary correspondences in the English language.\" In 2009, McCullough acknowledged that he misquoted Thomas Jefferson in \"John Adams\". He was criticized in a \"Harper's Magazine\" review of the book, which claimed that McCullough had mistakenly attributed Jefferson as having referred to the second president as a \"colossus of independence.\" Upon being confronted with the accusation, McCullough admitted that he had, in fact, \"erred\". \"It's hard work; you're trying to get the truth about distant times,\" he told The Associated Press. \"When you make the mistakes, it's very painful, but you will make mistakes. We're imperfect, in an imperfect world.\"", "Walworth Township, Becker County, Minnesota Walworth Township is a township in Becker County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 88 at the 2000 census. Walworth Township was organized in 1883. It was named after Walworth County, Wisconsin. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.3 square miles (93.9 km\u00b2), of which 36.1 square miles (93.6 km\u00b2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km\u00b2) (0.36%) is water. The township contains Walworth Baptist Cemetery. At the 2000 census, there were 88 people, 38 households and 27 families residing in the township. The population density was 2.4 per square mile (0.9/km\u00b2). There were 42 housing units at an average density of 1.2/sq mi (0.4/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.86% White, and 1.14% from two or more races. There were 38 households of which 23.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 5.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.78. 19.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 19.3% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 28.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 125.6 males."], "answer": {"text": "graduated with honors in English literature (1955).", "answer_start": 3}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In what ways did David McCullough experience growth?", "answer": {"text": "In 1951, McCullough began attending Yale University.", "answer_start": 782, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up as a youth?", "answer": {"text": "Pittsburgh.", "answer_start": 260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he live in Pittsburgh?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did his parents come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "to study English at Yale", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db5a3dc3ab324c859d9629bd8f11ce28_0_q#0", "question": "What is On the Sunday of Life?", "rewrite": "What is On the Sunday of Life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["First Sunday of Great Lent: March 24  2nd Saturday of Lent: March 30  5th Sunday before Pascha and 2nd Sunday of Lent: March 31   3rd Saturday of Lent: April 6  4th Sunday before Pascha and 3rd Sunday of Lent: April 7 4th Saturday of Lent:  3rd Sunday before Pascha and 4th Sunday of Lent: April 14  Friday preceding Good Friday on Eastern Orthodox calendar: April 19  5th Saturday of Lent: April 20  Day before Palm Sunday: April 20 5th Sunday of Lent: April 21  Sunday before Pascha: April 21  Monday after Palm Sunday: April 22  Tuesday after Palm Sunday: April 23  Wednesday after Palm Sunday: April 24 Thursday after Palm Sunday: April 25 Friday after Palm Sunday: April 26  Saturday after Palm Sunday: April 27 April 28 Monday after Pascha: April 29  Tuesday after Pascha: April 30   Wednesday after Pascha: May 1 Thursday after Pascha: May 2  Friday after Pascha: May 3  Saturday after Pascha: May 4  8th day after Pascha: May 5  2nd Tuesday of Pascha, or 2nd Monday of Pascha, depending on region: May 6 or May 7  2nd Sunday following Pascha: May 12  4th Sunday of Pascha: May 26  Wednesday after the Sunday of the Paralytic: May 29  5th Sunday of Pascha: June 2  Forty days after Pascha: June 6  6th Sunday of Pascha: June 9  7th Saturday of Pascha: June 15  7th Sunday of Pascha: June 16  Fifty days after Pascha: June 16  Monday after Pentecost: June 17  Tuesday after Pentecost: June 18 First Sunday after Pentecost:", "Eventually, the religious tradition evolved into the Mothering Sunday secular tradition of giving gifts to mothers. By the 1920s the custom of keeping Mothering Sunday had tended to lapse in Ireland and in continental Europe. In 1914, inspired by Anna Jarvis's efforts in the United States, Constance Penswick-Smith created the Mothering Sunday Movement, and in 1921 she wrote a book advocating the revival of the festival; Constance was the daughter of the vicar of Coddington, Nottinghamshire, and there is a memorial in Coddington's church. The traditions of Mothering Sunday, still practised by the Church of England and Church of Ireland, were merged with the newly imported traditions and celebrated in the wider Catholic and secular society. UK-based merchants saw the commercial opportunity in the holiday and relentlessly promoted it in the UK; by the 1950s, it was celebrated across all the UK. People in Ireland and the UK celebrate Mothering Sunday on the fourth Sunday in Lent; the day is also referred to sometimes as Mid-Lent Sunday and seen as a day when the austerity of Lent is temporarily put aside. Mothering Sunday remains in the calendar of some Canadian Anglican churches, particularly those with strong English connections. The other names attributed to the fourth Sunday in Lent include Refreshment Sunday, Pudding Pie Sunday (in Surrey, England), Mid-Lent Sunday, Simnel Sunday and Rose Sunday. Simnel Sunday is named after the practice of baking simnel cakes to celebrate the reuniting of families during the austerity of Lent. Because there is traditionally a relaxation of Lenten vows on this particular Sunday in celebration of the fellowship of family and church, the name Refreshment Sunday is sometimes used, although rarely today. \"Rose Sunday\" is sometimes used as an alternative title for Laetare Sunday, as is witnessed by the purple robes of Lent being replaced in some churches by rose-coloured ones.", "List of movable Western Christian observances This is a list of movable observances within Western Christianity. It includes secular observances which are calculated by religious observances. \"This list does not necessarily imply either official status nor general observance.\" First Sunday of the year, unless the Sunday falls on January 1, 6, or 7, then January 2: January 2 First Monday: January 7  Monday after January 6: January 7  Sunday following January 6: January 13 Day after Plough Sunday: January 14 Third Sunday: January 20 No fixed date: January 22-27   2nd Sunday before Ash Wednesday (Western Christianity): February 24  9th Sunday before Easter in Western Christianity: February 24  Sunday before Ash Wednesday (Western Christianity): February 24  Monday before Ash Wednesday: February 25 Tuesday before Ash Wednesday: February 26 Last Thursday before Lent (Western Christianity): February 28   Saturday before Ash Wednesday: March 2  46 days before Easter: March 6  Friday after Ash Wednesday: March 8 First Sunday of Lent: March 10  March 19th, unless the 19th is a Sunday, then March 20: March 19 Fourth Sunday of Lent, 21 days before Easter Sunday: March 31 Fifth Sunday of Lent: April 7 Second Friday of April: April 12  Week before Easter: April 14-20 Easter Week: April 21-27 Sunday before Earth Day (April 22) : April 21  Sunday after Easter: April 28   Sunday after Divine Mercy Sunday: May 5  Monday and Tuesday in the week following the third Sunday of Easter: May 6-7", "Flowering Sunday In southern Wales and nearby portions of England, Sul y Blodau or Flowering Sunday is a grave decoration tradition commonly observed on Palm Sunday, although historically Flowering Sunday grave decoration was also observed on other days as well. It is traditional to whitewash and decorate graves with flowers on Flowering Sunday. Today, the names Palm Sunday and Flowering Sunday are used interchangeably in Wales. Scholars Alan and Karen Jabbour have postulated that Flowering Sunday might be connected to Appalachian and Liberian Decoration Day cemetery traditions. Flowering Sunday is also known as Blossom Sunday in some portions of England. Flowering Sunday cemetery cleaning and decoration traditions may have begun as an Easter celebration or seasonal rite before becoming more commonly associated with Palm Sunday. According to historical documentation gathered by Early Tourists in Wales, there are two distinct but related Welsh cemetery decoration traditions relating to the placing of flowers and other plants. The first cemetery decoration tradition involves decorating the grave immediately after burial and then at intervals afterwards, meaning that flowers could be seen in church and cathedral graveyards throughout the year. According to the \"Early Tourists in Wales project\", Flowering Sunday is the second cemetery decoration tradition which is today practiced on the Saturday before Palm Sunday (Sul y Blodau in Welsh, literally \u2018flowers Sunday\u2019 but often translated as \u2018flowering Sunday\u2019). As with the first cemetery decoration tradition, graves are cleaned or whitewashed and then decorated. Contemporary accounts indicate that Flowering Sunday became widespread in southeast Wales and nearby parts of England beginning in the mid-19th century. Evidence suggests that before 1800 flowers were put on graves on Easter Sunday in some parts of Wales. Edward Williams (Iolo Morganwg, 1747-1826) and others recorded cemetery decoration during other times of the year on Whit Sunday, St. John the Baptist\u2019s Day, and Christmas Day.", "Fourth Sunday after Easter: May 12  Fourth Friday after Easter: May 17  Third Sunday of May: May 19  Sunday preceding the Rogation days: May 26  Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday preceding Feast of the Ascension: May 27-29 39 days after Easter: May 30   Seventh Sunday/49 days after Easter: June 9 Day after Whitsun: June 10 Day after Whit Monday: June 11 First Thursday after start of Pentecost: June 14 Friday of the week of Whitsun: June 15 First Sunday after Pentecost: June 16 Thursday after Trinity Sunday; 60 days after Easter, or the Sunday immediately following this: June 20 First Thursday after Corpus Christi: June 27  19 days after Pentecost: June 28 Sunday nearest to June 29: June 30  Second Sunday in July: July 14 Last Sunday in July: July 28   Thursday following the first Sunday: September 5 First Sunday after September 4: September 7  Weekend after first Monday: September 7-8  Second Sunday: September 8 Third Sunday: September 15 Monday after third Sunday: September 16 First Sunday: October 6 Second Sunday: October 13 Last Sunday: October 27   Saturday between October 31 \u2013 November 6: November 2 Second Sunday before Advent: November 17  Second Wednesday before the First Sunday in Advent: November 20 Last Sunday before First Advent Sunday: November 24 Fourth Sunday before Christmas Day: December 1  First Sunday: December 2  Seven days, starting on First Monday: December 2-8  First Friday: December 6  Sunday two weeks before Christmas: December 8  Second-final Sunday before Christmas Day: December 15  Thursday before Christmas: December 19  Last Friday before Christmas: December 20 Winter Solstice: December 21 Last Saturday before Christmas: December 21 Sunday before Christmas: December 22 The Sunday between Christmas Day and New Year's Day (both exclusive), or December 30 if both Christmas Day and the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God are Sundays: December 29"], "answer": {"text": "In 1992, Delerium released On the Sunday of Life as an edition of 1,000 copies, complete with a deluxe gatefold sleeve.", "answer_start": 983}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_db5a3dc3ab324c859d9629bd8f11ce28_0_q#1", "question": "Did it do well?", "rewrite": "Did Porcupine Tree, On the Sunday of Life do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Porcupine Tree originated in 1987 as a collaborative hoax project by Steven Wilson and Malcolm Stocks. Partially inspired by the psychedelic/progressive bands of the 1970s, such as Pink Floyd, that had dominated the music scene during their youth, the two decided to form a fictional legendary rock band named The Porcupine Tree. The two fabricated a detailed back-story including information on alleged band members and album titles, as well as a \"colourful\" history which purportedly included events such as a meeting at a 1970s rock festival and several trips in and out of prison. As soon as he had put aside enough money to buy his own studio equipment, Wilson obliged this creation with several hours of music to provide \"evidence\" of its existence. Although Stocks provided a few passages of treated vocals and experimental guitar playing, his role in the project was mostly offering occasional ideas, with the bulk of the material being written, recorded, played, and sung by Wilson. At this point, Porcupine Tree was little more than a joke and a private amusement, as Wilson was concentrating on his other project, No-Man, an endeavour with UK based singer and songwriter Tim Bowness. However, by 1989, he began to consider some of the Porcupine Tree music as potentially marketable. Wilson created an 80-minute-long cassette titled Tarquin's Seaweed Farm under the name of Porcupine Tree. Still showing the spirit of his joke, Wilson included an eight-page inlay which further revealed the hoaxed Porcupine Tree backstory, including references to fictitious band members such as Sir Tarquin Underspoon and Timothy Tadpole-Jones. Wilson sent out copies of Tarquin's Seaweed Farm to several people he felt would be interested in the recordings.", "Blackfield  Blackfield is a collaborative music project by the English musician and founder of Porcupine Tree, Steven Wilson, and Israeli rock singer Aviv Geffen. Together, five albums have been released under the moniker: \"Blackfield\" and \"Blackfield II\" as equal partners, and \"Welcome to my DNA\" and \"Blackfield IV\" with Geffen taking a leading role. Despite initially announcing his intention to leave the project in 2014, Wilson instead worked again as an equal partner on a fifth album, \"Blackfield V\", which was released on 10 February 2017. Geffen, a fan of Porcupine Tree and Wilson, invited the band to play shows in Israel in 2000. He struck up a friendship with Wilson, leading to the two musicians recording together. Geffen performed backing vocals on two tracks on Porcupine Tree's \"In Absentia\" album, \"The Sound of Muzak\" and \"Prodigal\". Geffen, interested in growing a fanbase outside of Israel, approached Wilson about starting their own project, which would become Blackfield. Originally planned as an EP for a 2001 release, it eventually evolved into a 2004 self-titled full-length recording. Wilson provided lead vocals on all but two songs, and played guitar or piano on every song except \"Scars\", which had instrumentation provided by Geffen's band \"The Mistakes. \" Outside of Israel, the band has received constant comparison to Porcupine Tree, Wilson's most popular project. In response, Wilson has explained: ... Porcupine Tree would never be so focused on the art of a 3 minute pop song, which I believe. Blackfield is all about the art of a great tradition pop song of verse-chorus-verse-chorus.", "Allmusic gave the album four out of five stars, praising the album as \"... the next great step forward for Porcupine Tree, a distinct advancement in how well the foursome could completely rock out as well as find its own narcotic style of ambient exploration... For all that Wilson may once again be singing obliquely on the pressures and nature of end-of-century life, he still does so in an engagingly left-of-center way. \" Sputnik Music gave it a four out of five as well, praising the album for being \"Caught between Porcupine Tree's psychedelic roots and their song-oriented future, \"Signify\" is a testament to Porcupine Tree's power as a dark, brooding album with excellent production and a thoroughly progressive heart.\" The \"Dutch Progressive Rock Page\" praised the album as well, giving it an equivalent score of 8 out of 10, stating \"'Signify' isn't the best Porcupine Tree album out there, and it certainly isn't one of the first recommendations I would make to a 'newbie' wanting to check out the band... This doesn't mean that there's no high quality stuff on the album though. The CD contains songs that have become big PT classics, like the heavy metal title track 'Signify' ... the band's first attempt at a single, 'Waiting', and 'Dark Matter'. \" The narrative segues between tracks were also praised. In 1997, a collection of b-sides and demos from the \"Signify\" sessions, titled \"Insignificance\", was released on cassette tape.", "Tarquin's Seaweed Farm Tarquin's Seaweed Farm, subtitled \"Words from a Hessian Sack\", is the first album to be released by Steven Wilson under the name \"Porcupine Tree\". It was originally a compiled cassette of experimental music made by Steven Wilson for his joke band he formed with his friend Malcom Stocks. The cassette was only sent out to a few people, but was enough to give the band a bit of fame in the UK underground music scene of the time, being picked up by the underground magazine Freakbeat. It was later released under Delerium Records in 1991 in a limited edition of 300 copies. Eventually, the tracks from this and the later Porcupine Tree album \"The Nostalgia Factory\" were compiled into what are considered Porcupine Tree's first true studio albums, \"On the Sunday of Life\" and \"Yellow Hedgerow Dreamscape\". In 2004, this and the other two Delerium cassettes were privately remixed and remastered by Steven Wilson and rereleased in a special boxset called \"Footprints: Cassette Music 1988\u20131992\". 25 copies were made and distributed to friends and family of Wilson, who also kept a copy for himself and sent some to the rest of the band. Even though Porcupine Tree have only been officially active since 1987, some of these songs can be dated back to 1986 according to the liner notes of the 2000 vinyl reissue of \"Yellow Hedgerow Dreamscape\". Tracks 1 through 7 and a re-recorded version of Radioactive Toy would be released on Porcupine Tree's official debut album, \"On the Sunday of Life\", in June 1992. Track 3, however, was renamed \"Third Eye Surfer\", with tracks 4 and 5 being indexed as one track called \"On the Sunday of Life\".", "Incredible Expanding Mindfuck Incredible Expanding Mindfuck, also known as I.E.M., was a musical project by Steven Wilson (the lead of British rock band Porcupine Tree). Its work was mainly influenced by Krautrock and experimental music from the 1960s and 1970s. I.E.M. is seldom discussed in any depth by Wilson in interviews and the album packaging provides very little information. The name \"Incredible Expanding Mindfuck\" is an in-joke referring to early Porcupine Tree promotional material (in which Porcupine Tree was given an entirely fictional 1970s history and in which the Incredible Expanding Mindfuck was mentioned as a related project). Wilson's work with I.E.M. is in part a continuation of the experimental psychedelic sound which he initially mastered with Porcupine Tree before steering the band towards a more mainstream rock direction with the \"Stupid Dream\" album. He has also cited \"the cosmic jazz of artists like Sun Ra\" as an influence on the music. I.E.M.'s work is more experimental in nature than that of Porcupine Tree, and is almost entirely instrumental. Almost all instruments on I.E.M. recordings are played by Wilson (although other contributors have included former Bark Psychosis drummer Mark Simnett). The first I.E.M release was a self-titled album on Porcupine Tree's original record label Delerium Records in 1996. It was followed by a limited-edition single called \"An Escalator to Christmas\". Further releases have occasionally followed, with little fanfare or direct promotion. I.E.M.'s most recent release of entirely new music was in 2001 (although 2005's compilation album \"I.E.M. 1996-1999\" included some previously unreleased material)."], "answer": {"text": "On the Sunday of Life... had accumulated sales of more than 20,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1343}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is On the Sunday of Life?", "answer": {"text": "In 1992, Delerium released On the Sunday of Life as an edition of 1,000 copies, complete with a deluxe gatefold sleeve.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db5a3dc3ab324c859d9629bd8f11ce28_0_q#2", "question": "was it rereleaesd?", "rewrite": "Was Porcupine Tree, On the Sunday of Life rereleaesd?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Allmusic gave the album four out of five stars, praising the album as \"... the next great step forward for Porcupine Tree, a distinct advancement in how well the foursome could completely rock out as well as find its own narcotic style of ambient exploration... For all that Wilson may once again be singing obliquely on the pressures and nature of end-of-century life, he still does so in an engagingly left-of-center way. \" Sputnik Music gave it a four out of five as well, praising the album for being \"Caught between Porcupine Tree's psychedelic roots and their song-oriented future, \"Signify\" is a testament to Porcupine Tree's power as a dark, brooding album with excellent production and a thoroughly progressive heart.\" The \"Dutch Progressive Rock Page\" praised the album as well, giving it an equivalent score of 8 out of 10, stating \"'Signify' isn't the best Porcupine Tree album out there, and it certainly isn't one of the first recommendations I would make to a 'newbie' wanting to check out the band... This doesn't mean that there's no high quality stuff on the album though. The CD contains songs that have become big PT classics, like the heavy metal title track 'Signify' ... the band's first attempt at a single, 'Waiting', and 'Dark Matter'. \" The narrative segues between tracks were also praised. In 1997, a collection of b-sides and demos from the \"Signify\" sessions, titled \"Insignificance\", was released on cassette tape.", "Blackfield  Blackfield is a collaborative music project by the English musician and founder of Porcupine Tree, Steven Wilson, and Israeli rock singer Aviv Geffen. Together, five albums have been released under the moniker: \"Blackfield\" and \"Blackfield II\" as equal partners, and \"Welcome to my DNA\" and \"Blackfield IV\" with Geffen taking a leading role. Despite initially announcing his intention to leave the project in 2014, Wilson instead worked again as an equal partner on a fifth album, \"Blackfield V\", which was released on 10 February 2017. Geffen, a fan of Porcupine Tree and Wilson, invited the band to play shows in Israel in 2000. He struck up a friendship with Wilson, leading to the two musicians recording together. Geffen performed backing vocals on two tracks on Porcupine Tree's \"In Absentia\" album, \"The Sound of Muzak\" and \"Prodigal\". Geffen, interested in growing a fanbase outside of Israel, approached Wilson about starting their own project, which would become Blackfield. Originally planned as an EP for a 2001 release, it eventually evolved into a 2004 self-titled full-length recording. Wilson provided lead vocals on all but two songs, and played guitar or piano on every song except \"Scars\", which had instrumentation provided by Geffen's band \"The Mistakes. \" Outside of Israel, the band has received constant comparison to Porcupine Tree, Wilson's most popular project. In response, Wilson has explained: ... Porcupine Tree would never be so focused on the art of a 3 minute pop song, which I believe. Blackfield is all about the art of a great tradition pop song of verse-chorus-verse-chorus.", "Incredible Expanding Mindfuck Incredible Expanding Mindfuck, also known as I.E.M., was a musical project by Steven Wilson (the lead of British rock band Porcupine Tree). Its work was mainly influenced by Krautrock and experimental music from the 1960s and 1970s. I.E.M. is seldom discussed in any depth by Wilson in interviews and the album packaging provides very little information. The name \"Incredible Expanding Mindfuck\" is an in-joke referring to early Porcupine Tree promotional material (in which Porcupine Tree was given an entirely fictional 1970s history and in which the Incredible Expanding Mindfuck was mentioned as a related project). Wilson's work with I.E.M. is in part a continuation of the experimental psychedelic sound which he initially mastered with Porcupine Tree before steering the band towards a more mainstream rock direction with the \"Stupid Dream\" album. He has also cited \"the cosmic jazz of artists like Sun Ra\" as an influence on the music. I.E.M.'s work is more experimental in nature than that of Porcupine Tree, and is almost entirely instrumental. Almost all instruments on I.E.M. recordings are played by Wilson (although other contributors have included former Bark Psychosis drummer Mark Simnett). The first I.E.M release was a self-titled album on Porcupine Tree's original record label Delerium Records in 1996. It was followed by a limited-edition single called \"An Escalator to Christmas\". Further releases have occasionally followed, with little fanfare or direct promotion. I.E.M.'s most recent release of entirely new music was in 2001 (although 2005's compilation album \"I.E.M. 1996-1999\" included some previously unreleased material).", "Tarquin's Seaweed Farm Tarquin's Seaweed Farm, subtitled \"Words from a Hessian Sack\", is the first album to be released by Steven Wilson under the name \"Porcupine Tree\". It was originally a compiled cassette of experimental music made by Steven Wilson for his joke band he formed with his friend Malcom Stocks. The cassette was only sent out to a few people, but was enough to give the band a bit of fame in the UK underground music scene of the time, being picked up by the underground magazine Freakbeat. It was later released under Delerium Records in 1991 in a limited edition of 300 copies. Eventually, the tracks from this and the later Porcupine Tree album \"The Nostalgia Factory\" were compiled into what are considered Porcupine Tree's first true studio albums, \"On the Sunday of Life\" and \"Yellow Hedgerow Dreamscape\". In 2004, this and the other two Delerium cassettes were privately remixed and remastered by Steven Wilson and rereleased in a special boxset called \"Footprints: Cassette Music 1988\u20131992\". 25 copies were made and distributed to friends and family of Wilson, who also kept a copy for himself and sent some to the rest of the band. Even though Porcupine Tree have only been officially active since 1987, some of these songs can be dated back to 1986 according to the liner notes of the 2000 vinyl reissue of \"Yellow Hedgerow Dreamscape\". Tracks 1 through 7 and a re-recorded version of Radioactive Toy would be released on Porcupine Tree's official debut album, \"On the Sunday of Life\", in June 1992. Track 3, however, was renamed \"Third Eye Surfer\", with tracks 4 and 5 being indexed as one track called \"On the Sunday of Life\".", "Porcupine Tree originated in 1987 as a collaborative hoax project by Steven Wilson and Malcolm Stocks. Partially inspired by the psychedelic/progressive bands of the 1970s, such as Pink Floyd, that had dominated the music scene during their youth, the two decided to form a fictional legendary rock band named The Porcupine Tree. The two fabricated a detailed back-story including information on alleged band members and album titles, as well as a \"colourful\" history which purportedly included events such as a meeting at a 1970s rock festival and several trips in and out of prison. As soon as he had put aside enough money to buy his own studio equipment, Wilson obliged this creation with several hours of music to provide \"evidence\" of its existence. Although Stocks provided a few passages of treated vocals and experimental guitar playing, his role in the project was mostly offering occasional ideas, with the bulk of the material being written, recorded, played, and sung by Wilson. At this point, Porcupine Tree was little more than a joke and a private amusement, as Wilson was concentrating on his other project, No-Man, an endeavour with UK based singer and songwriter Tim Bowness. However, by 1989, he began to consider some of the Porcupine Tree music as potentially marketable. Wilson created an 80-minute-long cassette titled Tarquin's Seaweed Farm under the name of Porcupine Tree. Still showing the spirit of his joke, Wilson included an eight-page inlay which further revealed the hoaxed Porcupine Tree backstory, including references to fictitious band members such as Sir Tarquin Underspoon and Timothy Tadpole-Jones. Wilson sent out copies of Tarquin's Seaweed Farm to several people he felt would be interested in the recordings."], "answer": {"text": "Wilson remixed and remastered all three tapes, releasing them as a three-CD box set called Footprints: Cassette Music 1988-1992.", "answer_start": 1613}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is On the Sunday of Life?", "answer": {"text": "In 1992, Delerium released On the Sunday of Life as an edition of 1,000 copies, complete with a deluxe gatefold sleeve.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "On the Sunday of Life... had accumulated sales of more than 20,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db5a3dc3ab324c859d9629bd8f11ce28_0_q#3", "question": "Who else played on the album?", "rewrite": "Besides Wilson, who else played on the album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Highty-Tighties The Virginia Tech Regimental Band, also known as the Highty Tighties, VPI Cadet Band, or Band Company was established in 1893 as a military marching band unit in the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Virginia Tech also has had since 1974 a non-military marching band, The Marching Virginians. From 1875 to 1892, the Corps hired civilian bands to provide music when needed. One of the best-known of these groups was the Glade Cornet Band, formed by several Blacksburg townspeople in 1883. In 1892, corps Commandant John Alexander Harman formed a six-piece drum and bugle corps. One member, Cadet Lieutenant Frank Daniel Wilson, sought out several other cadets with musical experience, and formed an unofficial band. Besides Wilson, the initial musicians included Sergeants Clifford West Anderson, John William Sample, Theodore Graham Lewton, and Lorenzo Montogery Hale; and Privates Harry Woodfin Phillips, William Marshall Watson, Charles Lewis Pedigo, William Rufus Prige, James Archer Walsh, and Robert Beverly, Jr. Professor and LtCol Ellison Adger Smyth was also a member of the band and a key figure in establishing the band, as well as the first football team in 1892. Wilson eventually convinced Harman and the board of trustees of the need for a distinct band company, and it was formed in May 1893 with Major James Patton Harvey as the first director and Wilson as the first company commander. In 1894 the Corps traveled to Richmond for the first time for the unveiling of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument. In 1896, the Band played at the Jefferson Davis Monument dedication in Richmond, Virginia. They were the only band so honored. In 1896, the band, along with the entire corps, traveled to Roanoke, Virginia for the first annual Thanksgiving Day VPI-VMI football game and pre-game parade to the stadium.", "Part of the series' inspiration came from Fielder's fascination with the subprime mortgage crisis, and how he found that it was rooted in \"these personal moments between people where someone senses something's wrong, but they don't want to speak up.\" Marketing ideas are developed in myriad ways; often, Fielder and the writing team will come up with an idea specifically for the business, while other times concepts are formed in a completely unrelated way. Ideas can be thrown out if they are deemed not visually interesting or engaging for viewers. As a result, the show's writing process involves \"a lot of guessing and testing,\" according to Fielder. Episodes are constantly re-written based on the interactions they receive. Fielder called the show's process \"a very inefficient way of making TV.\" The series premiere garnered 354,000 viewers, improving in its second episode to 570,000. A special sneak peek episode that aired on March 13, 2013 after an episode of \"Workaholics\" further increased viewership, ending up at 615,000. The following episode, airing on March 14, had 428,000 viewers. The next week on March 21, ratings further took a dip, landing at 394,000 viewers. On April 26, 2013, Comedy Central renewed the series for a second season of 8 episodes. On July 27, 2015 Fielder announced via Twitter that Season 3 would premiere on October 15, 2015. On December 10, 2015, Variety announced that Comedy Central had picked up the show for a fourth season. On July 25, 2017, Fielder announced via Twitter that the fourth season would premiere on September 28, 2017, with a one-hour special entitled \"Nathan For You: A Celebration\" to air the week before. In June 2018, it was announced that \"Nathan for You\" will stream on Hulu.", "Prawira Bandung Prawira Bandung is an Indonesian basketball club based in the city of Bandung, West Java province. It was founded by Lilian Wijaya in 1991 as Hadtex Indosyntec. The club is a member of the Perbasi's highest division since 1994. They came a championship in 1994, 1997, and 1998. Its most recent success came as a championship in the 2010 Jakarta Governor's Cup tournament. = History = According to the official club website, Garuda Bandung was founded in 1991 by Lilian Wijaya, and carried the name Hadtex Indosyntec. The project was a brainchild of the Board of Directors of PT Hadtex Indosyntec. In 1994 Hadtex Indosyntec joined the KOBATAMA, and they changing its name into Panasia Indosyntec in 1996. The club subsequently went into sponsorship changes. In 2004, the club was renamed Senatama Garuda Panasia, and in 2007, under new management, the club rechristened itself as Garuda Panasia Bandung. In 2008, it's sponsored by Telkom Indonesia and renamed Garuda Flexi Bandung. Garuda Bandung reach the finals since 1994. From the 7 final stages, Garuda get the champions in 1994 (as Hadtex Indosyntec), 1997 , and 1998 (as Panasia Indosyntec), and Garuda get the runner-ups in 1995, 1996, 2000 (lose to Aspac Jakarta), and 2008 (lose to Satria Muda). = Head coaches = = Ownerships and fanbase = Prawira Bandung founded on 1991 by Lilian Wijaya. Now, it owned by Endri Erawan and Maulana Fareza Tamrella", "In \"Whatever It Takes\", House reprimands his new fellowship candidates when they fail to listen to Foreman's instructions while House is away. House tells the candidates that the reason he left Foreman in charge was because Foreman knows what he's doing and that they should listen to him next time. Later, in \"No More Mr. Nice Guy\" Foreman believes he is not getting the respect he deserves from Kutner, Taub and Thirteen when he tries, and fails, to do their performance reviews, which he believes is due to House frequently humiliating him. House replies that if he did not humiliate and taunt Foreman, he would not be strong and able enough to handle the rest of the team. In future episodes, Foreman was considered to be in charge whenever House is unavailable. He is also the primary attending physician whenever House is legally unable to do so, such as when House's license was suspended at the beginning of season 6, or when House was recovering from a bus crash and drug overdose while diagnosing Amber. In the final episode of the series (season 8), \"Everybody Dies\", Foreman and Wilson are the only two people who are aware that House did not die: House faked his death in order to spend time with Wilson (who was diagnosed with terminal cancer), and as they ride off together, Foreman finds House's hospital ID badge being used to support a shaky table in his office they had argued over earlier and slowly realizes that House is alive. He nods, sits back, and smiles. The series ends with the audience realizing that Foreman has become the only person besides Wilson to earn House's trust, and thus the closest thing he has to another friend.", "Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry The Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal published by the BMJ Group. It covers research and reviews in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry. Its editor-in-chief is Matthew Kiernan. Every two months, it includes a supplement of reviews and educational material titled \"Practical Neurology\". The journal was established in 1920 by Samuel Alexander Kinnier Wilson as the \"Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology\". Wilson was the head of a nine-member editorial committee which, besides Wilson, consisted of Thomas Graham Brown, Carey Coombs, Henry Devine, Bernard Hart, Maurice Nicoll, Charles Stanford Read, Roy Mackenzie Stewart, and Charles Symonds. The journal was renamed \"Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry\" from 1938 to 1944, and then obtained its current title."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is On the Sunday of Life?", "answer": {"text": "In 1992, Delerium released On the Sunday of Life as an edition of 1,000 copies, complete with a deluxe gatefold sleeve.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "On the Sunday of Life... had accumulated sales of more than 20,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it rereleaesd?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson remixed and remastered all three tapes, releasing them as a three-CD box set called Footprints: Cassette Music 1988-1992.", "answer_start": 1613, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db5a3dc3ab324c859d9629bd8f11ce28_0_q#4", "question": "Is it collectable?", "rewrite": "Is Porcupine Tree, On the Sunday of Life collectable?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Incredible Expanding Mindfuck Incredible Expanding Mindfuck, also known as I.E.M., was a musical project by Steven Wilson (the lead of British rock band Porcupine Tree). Its work was mainly influenced by Krautrock and experimental music from the 1960s and 1970s. I.E.M. is seldom discussed in any depth by Wilson in interviews and the album packaging provides very little information. The name \"Incredible Expanding Mindfuck\" is an in-joke referring to early Porcupine Tree promotional material (in which Porcupine Tree was given an entirely fictional 1970s history and in which the Incredible Expanding Mindfuck was mentioned as a related project). Wilson's work with I.E.M. is in part a continuation of the experimental psychedelic sound which he initially mastered with Porcupine Tree before steering the band towards a more mainstream rock direction with the \"Stupid Dream\" album. He has also cited \"the cosmic jazz of artists like Sun Ra\" as an influence on the music. I.E.M.'s work is more experimental in nature than that of Porcupine Tree, and is almost entirely instrumental. Almost all instruments on I.E.M. recordings are played by Wilson (although other contributors have included former Bark Psychosis drummer Mark Simnett). The first I.E.M release was a self-titled album on Porcupine Tree's original record label Delerium Records in 1996. It was followed by a limited-edition single called \"An Escalator to Christmas\". Further releases have occasionally followed, with little fanfare or direct promotion. I.E.M.'s most recent release of entirely new music was in 2001 (although 2005's compilation album \"I.E.M. 1996-1999\" included some previously unreleased material).", "Allmusic gave the album four out of five stars, praising the album as \"... the next great step forward for Porcupine Tree, a distinct advancement in how well the foursome could completely rock out as well as find its own narcotic style of ambient exploration... For all that Wilson may once again be singing obliquely on the pressures and nature of end-of-century life, he still does so in an engagingly left-of-center way. \" Sputnik Music gave it a four out of five as well, praising the album for being \"Caught between Porcupine Tree's psychedelic roots and their song-oriented future, \"Signify\" is a testament to Porcupine Tree's power as a dark, brooding album with excellent production and a thoroughly progressive heart.\" The \"Dutch Progressive Rock Page\" praised the album as well, giving it an equivalent score of 8 out of 10, stating \"'Signify' isn't the best Porcupine Tree album out there, and it certainly isn't one of the first recommendations I would make to a 'newbie' wanting to check out the band... This doesn't mean that there's no high quality stuff on the album though. The CD contains songs that have become big PT classics, like the heavy metal title track 'Signify' ... the band's first attempt at a single, 'Waiting', and 'Dark Matter'. \" The narrative segues between tracks were also praised. In 1997, a collection of b-sides and demos from the \"Signify\" sessions, titled \"Insignificance\", was released on cassette tape.", "Tarquin's Seaweed Farm Tarquin's Seaweed Farm, subtitled \"Words from a Hessian Sack\", is the first album to be released by Steven Wilson under the name \"Porcupine Tree\". It was originally a compiled cassette of experimental music made by Steven Wilson for his joke band he formed with his friend Malcom Stocks. The cassette was only sent out to a few people, but was enough to give the band a bit of fame in the UK underground music scene of the time, being picked up by the underground magazine Freakbeat. It was later released under Delerium Records in 1991 in a limited edition of 300 copies. Eventually, the tracks from this and the later Porcupine Tree album \"The Nostalgia Factory\" were compiled into what are considered Porcupine Tree's first true studio albums, \"On the Sunday of Life\" and \"Yellow Hedgerow Dreamscape\". In 2004, this and the other two Delerium cassettes were privately remixed and remastered by Steven Wilson and rereleased in a special boxset called \"Footprints: Cassette Music 1988\u20131992\". 25 copies were made and distributed to friends and family of Wilson, who also kept a copy for himself and sent some to the rest of the band. Even though Porcupine Tree have only been officially active since 1987, some of these songs can be dated back to 1986 according to the liner notes of the 2000 vinyl reissue of \"Yellow Hedgerow Dreamscape\". Tracks 1 through 7 and a re-recorded version of Radioactive Toy would be released on Porcupine Tree's official debut album, \"On the Sunday of Life\", in June 1992. Track 3, however, was renamed \"Third Eye Surfer\", with tracks 4 and 5 being indexed as one track called \"On the Sunday of Life\".", "Blackfield  Blackfield is a collaborative music project by the English musician and founder of Porcupine Tree, Steven Wilson, and Israeli rock singer Aviv Geffen. Together, five albums have been released under the moniker: \"Blackfield\" and \"Blackfield II\" as equal partners, and \"Welcome to my DNA\" and \"Blackfield IV\" with Geffen taking a leading role. Despite initially announcing his intention to leave the project in 2014, Wilson instead worked again as an equal partner on a fifth album, \"Blackfield V\", which was released on 10 February 2017. Geffen, a fan of Porcupine Tree and Wilson, invited the band to play shows in Israel in 2000. He struck up a friendship with Wilson, leading to the two musicians recording together. Geffen performed backing vocals on two tracks on Porcupine Tree's \"In Absentia\" album, \"The Sound of Muzak\" and \"Prodigal\". Geffen, interested in growing a fanbase outside of Israel, approached Wilson about starting their own project, which would become Blackfield. Originally planned as an EP for a 2001 release, it eventually evolved into a 2004 self-titled full-length recording. Wilson provided lead vocals on all but two songs, and played guitar or piano on every song except \"Scars\", which had instrumentation provided by Geffen's band \"The Mistakes. \" Outside of Israel, the band has received constant comparison to Porcupine Tree, Wilson's most popular project. In response, Wilson has explained: ... Porcupine Tree would never be so focused on the art of a 3 minute pop song, which I believe. Blackfield is all about the art of a great tradition pop song of verse-chorus-verse-chorus.", "Porcupine Tree originated in 1987 as a collaborative hoax project by Steven Wilson and Malcolm Stocks. Partially inspired by the psychedelic/progressive bands of the 1970s, such as Pink Floyd, that had dominated the music scene during their youth, the two decided to form a fictional legendary rock band named The Porcupine Tree. The two fabricated a detailed back-story including information on alleged band members and album titles, as well as a \"colourful\" history which purportedly included events such as a meeting at a 1970s rock festival and several trips in and out of prison. As soon as he had put aside enough money to buy his own studio equipment, Wilson obliged this creation with several hours of music to provide \"evidence\" of its existence. Although Stocks provided a few passages of treated vocals and experimental guitar playing, his role in the project was mostly offering occasional ideas, with the bulk of the material being written, recorded, played, and sung by Wilson. At this point, Porcupine Tree was little more than a joke and a private amusement, as Wilson was concentrating on his other project, No-Man, an endeavour with UK based singer and songwriter Tim Bowness. However, by 1989, he began to consider some of the Porcupine Tree music as potentially marketable. Wilson created an 80-minute-long cassette titled Tarquin's Seaweed Farm under the name of Porcupine Tree. Still showing the spirit of his joke, Wilson included an eight-page inlay which further revealed the hoaxed Porcupine Tree backstory, including references to fictitious band members such as Sir Tarquin Underspoon and Timothy Tadpole-Jones. Wilson sent out copies of Tarquin's Seaweed Farm to several people he felt would be interested in the recordings."], "answer": {"text": "three-CD box set called Footprints: Cassette Music 1988-1992. This box was only distributed to family and friends.", "answer_start": 1680}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is On the Sunday of Life?", "answer": {"text": "In 1992, Delerium released On the Sunday of Life as an edition of 1,000 copies, complete with a deluxe gatefold sleeve.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "On the Sunday of Life... had accumulated sales of more than 20,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it rereleaesd?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson remixed and remastered all three tapes, releasing them as a three-CD box set called Footprints: Cassette Music 1988-1992.", "answer_start": 1613, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else played on the album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db5a3dc3ab324c859d9629bd8f11ce28_0_q#5", "question": "What else can you tell me about On the Sunday of Life?", "rewrite": "Besides what has been said, what else can you tell me about On the Sunday of Life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sunday Sunday \"Sunday Sunday\" is a song by English alternative rock band Blur, featured on their second album, \"Modern Life Is Rubbish\". It was released 4 October 1993 as the final single from that album, and charted at number 26 in the UK Singles Charts. This is the highest charting single from the album (although the lowest-selling single from the album); the record company thought the original album contained no singles, and had the band write the other two singles specifically for single release. The band's original name, 'Seymour', is credited as guest performer on the CD1 single, due to the B-sides being recordings from that era. The song is about traditional British Sunday activities, like a Sunday roast, seeing family and a walk in the park. The song \"Daisy Bell\" is a B-side on CD 2. Singer Damon Albarn once mentioned that he would like to make music his grandparents would approve of. Graham Coxon has admitted that the cover versions of \"Daisy Bell\" and \"Let's All Go Down The Strand\" marked one of the worst moments in Blur's career. CD 2 is subtitled 'The Sunday Sunday Popular Community Song CD, making it rather like an extended play. All music composed by Albarn, Coxon, James and Rowntree, except where indicated. The B-sides on \"Sunday Sunday\" (Blur featuring Seymour) are previously unreleased tracks by Blur in their early days as Seymour, recorded in 1989. Originally, \"Dizzy\", \"Fried\" and \"Shimmer\" were only available on the CD, with \"Tell Me, Tell Me\" only available on the 7\" and \"Long Legged\" and \"Mixed Up\" on the 12\". In 1999 these were all compiled onto one disc in the \"10 Yr Boxset\". The only Seymour song released that wasn't a Blur featuring", "If the Jun Man did not know the answer, the first three times he could answer \" My pater told me but I forgot\"; the fourth, fifth, and sixth times \"My pater meant to tell me, but he forgot\"; and three further times \"My pater forgot to tell me\". His pater (his mentor from the year above) would then be asked instead. It is said that, in the earlier and more serious (pre-war) form of notions examina, if the candidate failed to answer ten questions his pater was liable to be beaten. Notions tests ceased being held annually in 2001. The Pempe was formerly a practical joke perpetrated in Commoners. A junior boy was asked to obtain a book called \"Pempe ton moron proteron\" (send the fool further); each person he asked for it would refer him to someone else, often in a different house, until someone took pity on him. A similar joke, involving an \"important letter\" with the words \"send the fool further\", was practised in Ireland on April Fools' Day. In College this was formalized as \"Pempe Sunday\", held on the third Sunday of Short Half. Each new man was told to find a person with a given notional name and ask him for a \"Pempe\". That person gave him a \"half vessel\" (piece of paper of prescribed dimensions), and sent him to someone else, also by his notional name, and so on.", "Just before reaching Santa Fe, Sunday, Orrin, and Tyrel come across the corpses of a family killed by Indians. Upon finding a safe-box containing $1,000, Orrin and Sunday disagree over what to do with the money. Sunday wanting to split the money between the three of them, Orrin wanting to send the money to a relative of those killed, mentioned in a letter found near one of the bodies. Upon reaching Santa Fe, when it becomes clear that Sunday has no intentions of returning the money, the relationship between him and Orrin slowly disintegrates, with Tyrel caught in the middle (though mostly siding with his brother.) Meanwhile. while searching for gold in the mountains, Cap and Tell find a lost woman, Ange Kerry (Wendy Rastatter). Ira Bigelow, his brother Jack (Slim Pickens) and their hired men soon arrive and eventually assault Tell's camp, wounding Cap in the leg, and trapping the three of them in the caves, where they hide out. Both Orrin and Sunday run in the election for town sheriff. Pritts, knowing that if Sunday wins, he will side with Don Luis and the Mexicans, helps Orrin win the election by disclosing that Sunday is a disbarred lawyer and ex-convict from Louisiana. Humiliated, Sunday starts drinking heavily and becomes increasingly hostile towards Orrin. Orrin asks Sunday to be his deputy, but Sunday blames Orrin for ruining his dream of a fresh start in Santa Fe, and accuses him of being bought by Pritts. Sunday angrily refuses the offer, and even slaps Orrin in the face when Orrin calls him a liar. Don Luis soon dies of old age.", "epistemologically shocks \u2014 many on whom it is inflicted. If I disturb your universe I may be worthy of contempt. I may appear to be your favorite political enemy, a conservative if you are radical, a radical if you are conservative.\" Black also discusses the aims of the approach. While it is unconventional sociology, it is conventional science, striving to provide simple, general, testable, valid, and original explanations of reality. And it is by these criteria alone, Black maintains, that it should be judged: \"If you wish to criticize my work, tell me you can predict and explain legal and related behavior better than I can. Tell me my work is not as testable as something else, tell me it is not as general as something else, tell me it is less elegant than something else, tell me that it has already been published, or just tell me it is wrong. Tell me something relevant to what I am trying to accomplish \u2014 something scientific.\" Baumgartner, M.P.   Black, Donald   Black, Donald and M.P. Baumgartner  Borg, Marian J.  Borg, Marian J. and William P. Arnold III Borg, Marian J. and Karen F. Parker  Campbell, Bradley  Cooney, Mark  Cooney, Mark and Scott Phillips Geiger-Oneto, Stephanie and Scott Phillips Godard, Ellis  Hawdon, James and John Ryan Hembroff, Larry A.  Hoffmann, Heath C. Horwitz, Allan V.  Jacques, Scott, and Richard Wright Kan, Yee W. and Scott Phillips Kruttschnitt, Candace  Kuan, Ping-Yin Lally, William E. and Alfred DeMaris Lee, Catherine Manning, Jason  Marshall, Douglas A.  Michalski, Joseph H.  Mileski,", "Orrin and Tyrel, now appointed as deputy sheriff, prove that Pritts has been attempting to run the Mexicans out of Santa Fe and send him to jail. Orrin decides to run for mayor if Tyrel stays as sheriff. As Orrin is announcing his intention to the townspeople in the plaza, Sunday arrives seeking a final confrontation with Orrin. Tyrel sees him first and stands in his way. When Tyrel refuses to move, Sunday draws his gun. Tyrel draws and shoots Sunday first. Tyrel weeps as Sunday dies in his arms. Still trapped in the caves, and with Cap unable to go far due to his wounded leg, Ange escapes on a stolen horse and wires a message for help to Orrin, while Tell and Cap (when his leg is strong enough) escape back to Purgatorie on foot. The Bigelows and their men catch up to them in town and challenge Tell to a gunfight the next day at daybreak. Orrin and Tyrel receive Ange's telegram and rush to join Tell at Purgatorie. The following day Tell strides out onto the street alone to face the Bigelow gang, now including the last Bigelow brother, Benson (Gene Evans). Unbeknownst to Tell, Cap grabs a shotgun and hobbles after him. Tell finds Orrin and Tyrel waiting for him in the street. As the Bigelows and their men start to emerge from the livery stable, the Sacketts open fire and the gun battle begins. With the help of Cap, the Sacketts kill all seven of the Bigelow gang. Cap joins the reunited Sackett brothers as they walk away down the street."], "answer": {"text": "The album featured future concert favourite and frequent encore song \"Radioactive Toy\".", "answer_start": 1246}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is On the Sunday of Life?", "answer": {"text": "In 1992, Delerium released On the Sunday of Life as an edition of 1,000 copies, complete with a deluxe gatefold sleeve.", "answer_start": 983, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well?", "answer": {"text": "On the Sunday of Life... had accumulated sales of more than 20,000 copies.", "answer_start": 1343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it rereleaesd?", "answer": {"text": "Wilson remixed and remastered all three tapes, releasing them as a three-CD box set called Footprints: Cassette Music 1988-1992.", "answer_start": 1613, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else played on the album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is it collectable?", "answer": {"text": "three-CD box set called Footprints: Cassette Music 1988-1992. This box was only distributed to family and friends.", "answer_start": 1680, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a13fcab9dd646c9a4ad61248f2d3207_1_q#0", "question": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "rewrite": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The lingering death best-of-twelve points tie-break was introduced in 1973 for the first two sets. The champion receives a miniature replica of the \"Coupe Suzanne Lenglen (Suzanne Lenglen Cup)\", named after Suzanne Lenglen. In 2010, the winner received prize money of \u20ac1,120,000. In the French National Championship, which was when the tournament was reserved to members of French tennis clubs and French nationals, Adine Masson (1897\u20131899, 1902\u20131903) holds the record for most titles in women's singles with five victories. The record for most consecutive titles is four by Jeanne Matthey (1909\u20131912) and Lenglen (1920\u20131923), all of whose titles came during the club-members-only era. In the French International Championships, that came after the tournament opened to international competitors but before the open era, Helen Wills Moody (1928\u20131930, 1932) holds the record for most titles at four. The record for most consecutive titles during this period is three by Wills Moody (1928\u20131930) and Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling (1935\u20131937). During the French Open, since the inclusion of the professional tennis players, the record for most titles is held by Chris Evert with seven (1974\u20131975, 1979\u20131980, 1983, 1985\u20131986). The record for most consecutive titles during the Open Era is three by Monica Seles (1990\u20131992) and Justine Henin (2005\u20132007). This event has been won without losing a set in the Open Era by Evonne Goolagong in 1971, Billie Jean King in 1972, Evert in 1974, Steffi Graf in 1988, Arantxa S\u00e1nchez Vicario in 1994, and Henin in 2006 and 2007. French Open other competitions Grand Slam women's doubles", "1925 Wimbledon Championships The 1925 Wimbledon Championships took place on the outdoor grass courts at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. The tournament ran from 22 June until 4 July. It was the 45th staging of the Wimbledon Championships, and the third Grand Slam tennis event of 1925. Because Suzanne Lenglen, Jean Borotra and Ren\u00e9 Lacoste played finals on Saturday, the finals of the Men's Doubles and Mixed Doubles took place on Monday 6 July. Suzanne Lenglen won all three events she entered; the women's singles, the women's doubles, and the mixed doubles. Ren\u00e9 Lacoste defeated Jean Borotra, 6\u20133, 6\u20133, 4\u20136, 8\u20136    Suzanne Lenglen defeated Joan Fry, 6\u20132, 6\u20130 Jean Borotra / Ren\u00e9 Lacoste defeated Raymond Casey / John Hennessey, 6\u20134, 11\u20139, 4\u20136, 1\u20136, 6\u20133 Suzanne Lenglen / Elizabeth Ryan defeated Kathleen Bridge / Mary McIlquham, 6\u20132, 6\u20132    Jean Borotra / Suzanne Lenglen defeated Uberto de Morpurgo / Elizabeth Ryan, 6\u20133, 6\u20133", "Prior to Lenglen, female tennis matches drew little fan interest, which quickly changed as she became her sport's greatest drawing card. Tennis devotees and new fans to the game began lining up in droves to buy tickets to her matches. Temperamental, flamboyant, she was a passionate player whose intensity on court could lead to an unabashed display of tears. But for all her flamboyance, she was a gifted and brilliant player who used extremely agile footwork, speed and a deadly accurate shot to dominate female tennis for seven straight years. Her excellent play and introduction of glamour to the tennis court increased the interest in women's tennis, and women's sports in general. In 1997 the second court at the Roland Garros Stadium, site of the French Open, was renamed Court Suzanne Lenglen in her honour. In addition, the trophy awarded to the winner of the Women's Singles competition at the French Open is the Coupe Suzanne Lenglen. In 2001 the French Tennis Federation organised the first Suzanne Lenglen Cup for women in the over-35 age class. First played in France, the annual event is now held in a different country each year. Lenglen, who was elected to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1978, continues to be held by many as one of the best players in tennis history. For example, the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, organiser of the Wimbledon Championships, ranks her among the five greatest Wimbledon champions. On 24 May 2016, Google had a doodle in celebration for Suzanne's 117th birthday. In 2017, a Google Doodle honored her on International Women's Day.", "1926 French Championships (tennis) The 1926 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on outdoor Clay courts at the Racing Club de France in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 2 June until 14 June. It was the 31st staging of the French Championships and the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. Suzanne Lenglen repeated her feat of winning every event she was eligible for, in her final year of competition before she turned professional; the tournament was also notable for being the first time American competitors won a title, Vincent Richards and Howard Kinsey in the men's doubles. Henri Cochet defeated Ren\u00e9 Lacoste, 6\u20132, 6\u20134, 6\u20133 Suzanne Lenglen defeated Mary Browne, 6\u20131, 6\u20130   Vincent Richards / Howard Kinsey defeated Henri Cochet / Jacques Brugnon, 6\u20134, 6\u20131, 4\u20136, 6\u20134   Suzanne Lenglen / Julie Vlasto defeated Evelyn Colyer / Kitty McKane, 6\u20131, 6\u20131   Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon defeated Suzanne LeBesnerais / Jean Borotra, 6\u20134, 6\u20133", "1925 French Championships (tennis) The 1925 French Championships (now known as the French Open) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Stade Fran\u00e7ais in Paris, France. The tournament ran from 28 May until 6 June. It was the 30th staging of the French Championships and the first time staged as a Grand Slam event. It was the second Grand Slam tournament of the year. It was the first time the tournament was open to players who were neither French citizens nor residents of France. Suzanne Lenglen won all three events she entered; the women's singles, the women's doubles, and the mixed doubles. Ren\u00e9 Lacoste defeated Jean Borotra, 7\u20135, 6\u20131, 6\u20134    Suzanne Lenglen defeated Kitty McKane, 6\u20131, 6\u20132    Jean Borotra / Ren\u00e9 Lacoste defeated Henri Cochet / Jacques Brugnon, 7\u20135, 4\u20136, 6\u20133, 2\u20136, 6\u20133 Suzanne Lenglen / Julie Vlasto defeated Evelyn Colyer / Kitty McKane, 6\u20131, 9\u201311, 6\u20132    Suzanne Lenglen / Jacques Brugnon defeated Julie Vlasto / Henri Cochet, 6\u20132, 6\u20132"], "answer": {"text": "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9a13fcab9dd646c9a4ad61248f2d3207_1_q#1", "question": "How did Lenglen change the game of tennis?", "rewrite": "How did Lenglen change the game of tennis in addition to being the first major female tennis star to turn professional?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1950, sportswriter Grantland Rice ranked Helen Wills as the greatest female tennis player of all-time. In 1935, she was named Female Athlete of the Year by the Associated Press. Wills was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1959. In 1981, Wills was inducted into the (San Francisco) Bay Area Athletic Hall of Fame. In 1996 Wills was inducted into the Women's Hall of Fame of the Intercollegiate Tennis Association. In 1926 and 1929, Wills appeared on the cover of \"Time\" magazine. When asked in 1941 about whether Wills or Lenglen was the better player, Elizabeth Ryan, who played against both of them in singles and partnered both in doubles, said, \"Suzanne, of course. She owned every kind of shot, plus a genius for knowing how and when to use them.\" However, Wills and Lenglen are seen as having completely different skills and strategies. Wills served and volleyed with unusually powerful forehand and backhand strokes, and she forced her opponents out of position by placing deep shots left and right. Lenglen was more physically nimble, and she was more imaginative\u2014able to quickly change shots in response to conditions. Lenglen was a master of the drop shot and close net work, which was Wills' soft spot. Aware of her weakness at the net, Wills drove her opponents deep into the backcourt as much as possible. Playing Wills was, according to Helen Jacobs, like playing \"a machine... with implacable concentration and undeniable skill\" yet with little flexibility. Analogizing Wills's game to poker, George Lott, a 12-time winner of Grand Slam doubles titles and a contemporary of Wills, once said, \"Helen's expression rarely varied and she always tended strictly to business, but her opponents were never in doubt as to what she held:", "Match of the Century (tennis) The Match of the Century was a tennis match in 1926 known for being the only career meeting between Suzanne Lenglen and Helen Wills, the two preeminent female tennis players of the 1920s. The meeting took place in the final of the February edition of the Carlton Club tournament on the French Riviera. Lenglen won the match in straight sets by a score of 6\u20133, 8\u20136. The Match of the Century was contested as the women's singles final of the February edition of the Carlton Club tournament, one of the largest tournaments on the French Riviera circuit. The Riviera season lasted from January through April and attracted many of the best players in the world in the lead-up to Europe's two Grand Slam tournaments: the French Championships in early June and the Wimbledon Championships in late June. The Carlton Club hosted two tournaments in Cannes annually, one in February and another in April. With 58 competitors entered in the women's singles draw at the February edition of the Carlton Club, the event was played as a six-round single-elimination knockout bracket. Lenglen and Wills were placed on opposite sides of the draw to set up the possibility of them meeting in the final. Although they each needed to win five matches to ensure that they meet, once both players entered the singles event, it was regarded as a forgone conclusion that they would both reach the final due to the gap in playing ability between them and the other players. Suzanne Lenglen was a 26-year-old French tennis player who was widely acknowledged as the best women's player in the world at the time. She had been ranked No. 1 in the world by A. Wallis Myers at the end of 1925, a position she had held since the year-end rankings began in 1921.", "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States in a series of matches against Mary K. Browne. Browne, winner of the US Championships from 1912 to 1914, was 35 and considered to be past her prime, although she had reached the French final earlier that year (losing to Lenglen 6-1, 6-0). For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players). In their first match in New York City, Lenglen put on a performance that New York Times writer Allison Danzig lauded as \"one of the most masterly exhibitions of court generalship that has been seen in this country.\" When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0. She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover. Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school, which she set up with the help and money of her lover Jean Tillier. The school, located next to the courts of Roland Garros, slowly expanded and was recognised as a federal training centre by the French tennis federation in 1936. During this period, Lenglen also wrote several books on tennis. Lenglen was criticised widely for her decision to turn professional, and the All England Club at Wimbledon even revoked her honorary membership. Lenglen, however, described her decision as \"an escape from bondage and slavery\" and said in the tour programme, \"In the twelve years I have been champion I have earned literally millions of francs for tennis and have paid thousands of francs in entrance fees to be allowed to do so....", "Prior to Lenglen, female tennis matches drew little fan interest, which quickly changed as she became her sport's greatest drawing card. Tennis devotees and new fans to the game began lining up in droves to buy tickets to her matches. Temperamental, flamboyant, she was a passionate player whose intensity on court could lead to an unabashed display of tears. But for all her flamboyance, she was a gifted and brilliant player who used extremely agile footwork, speed and a deadly accurate shot to dominate female tennis for seven straight years. Her excellent play and introduction of glamour to the tennis court increased the interest in women's tennis, and women's sports in general. In 1997 the second court at the Roland Garros Stadium, site of the French Open, was renamed Court Suzanne Lenglen in her honour. In addition, the trophy awarded to the winner of the Women's Singles competition at the French Open is the Coupe Suzanne Lenglen. In 2001 the French Tennis Federation organised the first Suzanne Lenglen Cup for women in the over-35 age class. First played in France, the annual event is now held in a different country each year. Lenglen, who was elected to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1978, continues to be held by many as one of the best players in tennis history. For example, the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, organiser of the Wimbledon Championships, ranks her among the five greatest Wimbledon champions. On 24 May 2016, Google had a doodle in celebration for Suzanne's 117th birthday. In 2017, a Google Doodle honored her on International Women's Day.", "Her quick returns made her passing shots extremely effective. She once said, \"I find that the girls generally do not hit the ball as hard as they should. I believe in always hitting the ball with all my might, but there seems to be a disposition to 'just get it over' in many girls whom I have played. I do not call this tennis.\" Her second round match with Suzanne Lenglen at the 1921 U.S. National Championships brought Mallory her greatest celebrity. Before the match, Bill Tilden advised Mallory to \"hit the cover off the ball. \" Once the match began, Mallory \"attacked with a vengeance\" and was ahead 2\u20130 (40\u20130) when Lenglen began to cough. Mallory won the first set 6\u20132 and was up 40\u20130 on Lenglen's serve in the first game of the second set when Lenglen began to weep and walked to the umpire's stand and informed the official that she was ill and could not continue. After the match, the USTA accused Lenglen of feigning illness. The French Tennis Federation (FTF) exonerated Lenglen and accepted her testimony (and a doctor's) that she had been ill. However, Albert de Joannis, vice president of the FTF who accompanied Lenglen during her trip to the United States, quit his post in protest of the FTF's conclusion. He claimed that Lenglen was \"perfectly fit\" during the match and that, \"She was defeated by a player who on that date showed a better brand of tennis.\" Lenglen avenged the loss by defeating Mallory 6\u20132, 6\u20130 in 26 minutes in the 1922 Wimbledon final, the shortest final in a Grand Slam tournament on record."], "answer": {"text": "For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players).", "answer_start": 390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a13fcab9dd646c9a4ad61248f2d3207_1_q#2", "question": "Who did Lenglen work with?", "rewrite": "Who did Lenglen work with during her professional career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In what would turn out to become her last year as an amateur player, Lenglen played what many consider to be her most memorable match. In a February 1926 tournament at the Carlton Club in Cannes, she played her only match against Helen Wills. The 20-year-old American was already a two-time winner of the U.S. Championships and would dominate the women's game in the late 1920s and early 1930s in the same way that Lenglen had dominated it since 1919. Public attention for their meeting in the tournament final was immense, and scalper ticket prices went through the roof. Roofs and windows of nearby buildings were also crowded with spectators. The match itself saw Lenglen clinging on to a 6-3, 8-6 victory after being close to a collapse on several occasions. According to many authorities, including Larry Englemann in his book, The Goddess and the American Girl: The Story of Suzanne Lenglen and Helen Wills, Lenglen was forbidden to play Wills by her father, and, because almost for the first time she was defying her father, she was sleepless for the whole night before the match, and in a state of the highest nervous tension. Later in the year, Lenglen seemed to be on course for her seventh Wimbledon singles title. However, Lenglen unknowingly kept Queen Mary waiting in the Royal Box for her appearance in a preliminary match. Lenglen, who had been told that her match would not start until much later, fainted upon being informed of her error, which was seen by aristocratic English attendees as an insult to the monarchy. Lenglen withdrew from the tournament, which would be her last appearance at the courts of Wimbledon.", "Although she won the U.S. National Championships for the third year in a row, she lost a singles match in straight sets to Elizabeth Ryan and needed three sets to defeat Kitty McKane in the U.S. National Championship final. She also lost the decisive doubles match in the Wightman Cup to the visiting British pair of McKane and Evelyn Colyer. With these lapses, Wills had yet to attain the reputation of invincibility that Lenglen had. As a result, Lenglen was still regarded as the best player of the world and a clear favourite in a potential match against Wills. In January 1926, Wills travelled to France with the goal of facing Lenglen in a tournament on the French Riviera, where Lenglen typically played the majority of her season outside of the Grand Slam tournaments. The two players also dealt with illness in opposite ways. Lenglen had developed a reputation for potentially faking illnesses when she was nervous, while Wills did not attribute poor performances to her health even when she was sick. After Wills took an early lead in the match, Lenglen rebounded to win the first set comfortably. The set began with both players holding serve, Lenglen to love and Wills to 30 after falling behind 15\u201330. Wills carried over the momentum from her service game to break Lenglen and take a 2\u20131 lead. Although Lenglen had initially saved two break points at 15\u201340, Wills was eventually able to break on a long point that ended with her hitting a defensive cross-court backhand winner far up the line from well behind the baseline. The final shot prompted a standing ovation from the crowd, who did not expect Lenglen's well-placed previous shot to be returned, let alone hit for a winner.", "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States in a series of matches against Mary K. Browne. Browne, winner of the US Championships from 1912 to 1914, was 35 and considered to be past her prime, although she had reached the French final earlier that year (losing to Lenglen 6-1, 6-0). For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players). In their first match in New York City, Lenglen put on a performance that New York Times writer Allison Danzig lauded as \"one of the most masterly exhibitions of court generalship that has been seen in this country.\" When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0. She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover. Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school, which she set up with the help and money of her lover Jean Tillier. The school, located next to the courts of Roland Garros, slowly expanded and was recognised as a federal training centre by the French tennis federation in 1936. During this period, Lenglen also wrote several books on tennis. Lenglen was criticised widely for her decision to turn professional, and the All England Club at Wimbledon even revoked her honorary membership. Lenglen, however, described her decision as \"an escape from bondage and slavery\" and said in the tour programme, \"In the twelve years I have been champion I have earned literally millions of francs for tennis and have paid thousands of francs in entrance fees to be allowed to do so....", "Wills' performance in this game convinced the spectators that Wills could compete with Lenglen and in turn that the match would be competitive. Nonetheless, Lenglen was able to break Wills in her next three service games after devising a new tactic. In the first three games, she observed that Wills only attempted cross-court backhand winners, never hitting her backhand up the line. Lenglen took advantage of this weakness beginning in the fourth game by hitting drop shots to lure Wills into the net. If Wills was able to get to the drop shot, Lenglen would follow it up with a passing shot to win the point. She had little difficulty in setting up these drop shots because she knew where to position herself whenever Wills was hitting a backhand shot. Meanwhile, Wills lacked the speed to hit a good offensive return off of Lenglen's drop shots. This strategy also made Wills do more running and tired her later in the match. Lenglen's first two breaks and a service hold gave her a 4\u20132 lead. Having lost three games in a row, Wills changed her own tactics and opted to come to the net voluntarily in Lenglen's next service game. This strategy helped her get another break to get to 3\u20134 after Lenglen was only able to hit one passing shot in the game. However, Lenglen was able to adjust and get her third break of serve in the next game by hitting deep lobs instead of passing shots whenever Wills came to the next. She then consolidated the break to win the set 6\u20133. Despite taking the first set, Lenglen went to her mother in the stands for a glass of cognac in-between sets, a practice she was known for doing in her most competitive matches such as the 1919 Wimbledon final.", "Although the spectators also backed Wills, the call stood and Lenglen ended up winning the game. Wills then held serve in a game that went to deuce. Lenglen followed suit with a hold to love to keep the set level at 5\u20135. In the next game, Lenglen broke Wills to 30 to give herself the chance to serve for the match. She took a 40\u201315 in her service game to earn two match points. The first match point became another critical juncture in the match. Lenglen and Wills engaged in a long rally that ended with Wills hitting a powerful cross-court forehand into the corner near the line. Both players, the umpire, and the crowd heard the ball called out, signaling the end of the match. Within moments, photographers and reporters flooded the court and a picture was taken of Lenglen and Wills about to shake hands at the net. However, the linesman told the umpire that the ball was in and the call had from a spectator in the stands. Several minutes were needed to clear out all of the people and flowers on the court so that play could resume. When the match continued, Wills won the next three points to break Lenglen and level the match at 6\u20136. Both players had game points in each of the final two games of the match. Wills could not carry her momentum into her service game and fell behind 0\u201340. Although she won the next four points, Lenglen responded by taking the last three points and the game, setting up a second chance to serve out the match. Wills had a break point at 30\u201340 and a second after Lenglen had a rare double fault at deuce. However, Lenglen saved both break chances, and won the next two points to earn a third match point."], "answer": {"text": "When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0.", "answer_start": 733}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Lenglen change the game of tennis?", "answer": {"text": "For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players).", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a13fcab9dd646c9a4ad61248f2d3207_1_q#3", "question": "How did her illness affect her professional career?", "rewrite": "How did Lenglen's illness affect her professional career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wills' performance in this game convinced the spectators that Wills could compete with Lenglen and in turn that the match would be competitive. Nonetheless, Lenglen was able to break Wills in her next three service games after devising a new tactic. In the first three games, she observed that Wills only attempted cross-court backhand winners, never hitting her backhand up the line. Lenglen took advantage of this weakness beginning in the fourth game by hitting drop shots to lure Wills into the net. If Wills was able to get to the drop shot, Lenglen would follow it up with a passing shot to win the point. She had little difficulty in setting up these drop shots because she knew where to position herself whenever Wills was hitting a backhand shot. Meanwhile, Wills lacked the speed to hit a good offensive return off of Lenglen's drop shots. This strategy also made Wills do more running and tired her later in the match. Lenglen's first two breaks and a service hold gave her a 4\u20132 lead. Having lost three games in a row, Wills changed her own tactics and opted to come to the net voluntarily in Lenglen's next service game. This strategy helped her get another break to get to 3\u20134 after Lenglen was only able to hit one passing shot in the game. However, Lenglen was able to adjust and get her third break of serve in the next game by hitting deep lobs instead of passing shots whenever Wills came to the next. She then consolidated the break to win the set 6\u20133. Despite taking the first set, Lenglen went to her mother in the stands for a glass of cognac in-between sets, a practice she was known for doing in her most competitive matches such as the 1919 Wimbledon final.", "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States in a series of matches against Mary K. Browne. Browne, winner of the US Championships from 1912 to 1914, was 35 and considered to be past her prime, although she had reached the French final earlier that year (losing to Lenglen 6-1, 6-0). For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players). In their first match in New York City, Lenglen put on a performance that New York Times writer Allison Danzig lauded as \"one of the most masterly exhibitions of court generalship that has been seen in this country.\" When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0. She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover. Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school, which she set up with the help and money of her lover Jean Tillier. The school, located next to the courts of Roland Garros, slowly expanded and was recognised as a federal training centre by the French tennis federation in 1936. During this period, Lenglen also wrote several books on tennis. Lenglen was criticised widely for her decision to turn professional, and the All England Club at Wimbledon even revoked her honorary membership. Lenglen, however, described her decision as \"an escape from bondage and slavery\" and said in the tour programme, \"In the twelve years I have been champion I have earned literally millions of francs for tennis and have paid thousands of francs in entrance fees to be allowed to do so....", "Although she won the U.S. National Championships for the third year in a row, she lost a singles match in straight sets to Elizabeth Ryan and needed three sets to defeat Kitty McKane in the U.S. National Championship final. She also lost the decisive doubles match in the Wightman Cup to the visiting British pair of McKane and Evelyn Colyer. With these lapses, Wills had yet to attain the reputation of invincibility that Lenglen had. As a result, Lenglen was still regarded as the best player of the world and a clear favourite in a potential match against Wills. In January 1926, Wills travelled to France with the goal of facing Lenglen in a tournament on the French Riviera, where Lenglen typically played the majority of her season outside of the Grand Slam tournaments. The two players also dealt with illness in opposite ways. Lenglen had developed a reputation for potentially faking illnesses when she was nervous, while Wills did not attribute poor performances to her health even when she was sick. After Wills took an early lead in the match, Lenglen rebounded to win the first set comfortably. The set began with both players holding serve, Lenglen to love and Wills to 30 after falling behind 15\u201330. Wills carried over the momentum from her service game to break Lenglen and take a 2\u20131 lead. Although Lenglen had initially saved two break points at 15\u201340, Wills was eventually able to break on a long point that ended with her hitting a defensive cross-court backhand winner far up the line from well behind the baseline. The final shot prompted a standing ovation from the crowd, who did not expect Lenglen's well-placed previous shot to be returned, let alone hit for a winner.", "This illness prevented her from playing another competitive match until Wimbledon and notably kept her out of the French Championships, where she was the four-time defending champion. Although both Lenglen and Wills entered Wimbledon in late June, Lenglen had not fully recovered. She entered her quarterfinal against her doubles partner Elizabeth Ryan as an overwhelming favorite, having not lost a game in any of her first three matches. Although she defeated Ryan, she dropped the middle set, the first set of tennis she had lost in singles since 1921. Following the match, Lenglen withdrew from the tournament, asserting she had not yet recovered from her illness. She did not play another match that year. In the other half of the draw, Wills reached the final without losing more than two games in any set. Though, she could not capitalize on Lenglen's withdrawal and ultimately finished runner-up to Kitty McKane despite taking the first set. A week later, Wills did take advantage of Lenglen's absence at the 1924 Olympics in Paris, winning the gold medals in both singles and doubles. This Olympic success bolstered her popularity in the United States and helped her rise to a level of stardom comparable to that of Lenglen, adding more interest for a match between tennis's two leading female stars. Wills did not return to Europe in 1925, instead focusing on her college studies as a sophomore at the University of California at Berkeley in the early part of the year and competing in tournaments on the east coast of the United States during the summer. During that year, Lenglen reestablished her perceived invincibility, going undefeated in both singles and doubles, and winning titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at both the first open French Championships as well as Wimbledon. In the United States, Wills was unable to match Lenglen's level of success.", "Her quick returns made her passing shots extremely effective. She once said, \"I find that the girls generally do not hit the ball as hard as they should. I believe in always hitting the ball with all my might, but there seems to be a disposition to 'just get it over' in many girls whom I have played. I do not call this tennis.\" Her second round match with Suzanne Lenglen at the 1921 U.S. National Championships brought Mallory her greatest celebrity. Before the match, Bill Tilden advised Mallory to \"hit the cover off the ball. \" Once the match began, Mallory \"attacked with a vengeance\" and was ahead 2\u20130 (40\u20130) when Lenglen began to cough. Mallory won the first set 6\u20132 and was up 40\u20130 on Lenglen's serve in the first game of the second set when Lenglen began to weep and walked to the umpire's stand and informed the official that she was ill and could not continue. After the match, the USTA accused Lenglen of feigning illness. The French Tennis Federation (FTF) exonerated Lenglen and accepted her testimony (and a doctor's) that she had been ill. However, Albert de Joannis, vice president of the FTF who accompanied Lenglen during her trip to the United States, quit his post in protest of the FTF's conclusion. He claimed that Lenglen was \"perfectly fit\" during the match and that, \"She was defeated by a player who on that date showed a better brand of tennis.\" Lenglen avenged the loss by defeating Mallory 6\u20132, 6\u20130 in 26 minutes in the 1922 Wimbledon final, the shortest final in a Grand Slam tournament on record."], "answer": {"text": "She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover.", "answer_start": 817}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Lenglen change the game of tennis?", "answer": {"text": "For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players).", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Lenglen work with?", "answer": {"text": "When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0.", "answer_start": 733, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a13fcab9dd646c9a4ad61248f2d3207_1_q#4", "question": "Did she take time away from the game?", "rewrite": "Did Lenglen take time away from the game because of her illness?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although she won the U.S. National Championships for the third year in a row, she lost a singles match in straight sets to Elizabeth Ryan and needed three sets to defeat Kitty McKane in the U.S. National Championship final. She also lost the decisive doubles match in the Wightman Cup to the visiting British pair of McKane and Evelyn Colyer. With these lapses, Wills had yet to attain the reputation of invincibility that Lenglen had. As a result, Lenglen was still regarded as the best player of the world and a clear favourite in a potential match against Wills. In January 1926, Wills travelled to France with the goal of facing Lenglen in a tournament on the French Riviera, where Lenglen typically played the majority of her season outside of the Grand Slam tournaments. The two players also dealt with illness in opposite ways. Lenglen had developed a reputation for potentially faking illnesses when she was nervous, while Wills did not attribute poor performances to her health even when she was sick. After Wills took an early lead in the match, Lenglen rebounded to win the first set comfortably. The set began with both players holding serve, Lenglen to love and Wills to 30 after falling behind 15\u201330. Wills carried over the momentum from her service game to break Lenglen and take a 2\u20131 lead. Although Lenglen had initially saved two break points at 15\u201340, Wills was eventually able to break on a long point that ended with her hitting a defensive cross-court backhand winner far up the line from well behind the baseline. The final shot prompted a standing ovation from the crowd, who did not expect Lenglen's well-placed previous shot to be returned, let alone hit for a winner.", "Wills' performance in this game convinced the spectators that Wills could compete with Lenglen and in turn that the match would be competitive. Nonetheless, Lenglen was able to break Wills in her next three service games after devising a new tactic. In the first three games, she observed that Wills only attempted cross-court backhand winners, never hitting her backhand up the line. Lenglen took advantage of this weakness beginning in the fourth game by hitting drop shots to lure Wills into the net. If Wills was able to get to the drop shot, Lenglen would follow it up with a passing shot to win the point. She had little difficulty in setting up these drop shots because she knew where to position herself whenever Wills was hitting a backhand shot. Meanwhile, Wills lacked the speed to hit a good offensive return off of Lenglen's drop shots. This strategy also made Wills do more running and tired her later in the match. Lenglen's first two breaks and a service hold gave her a 4\u20132 lead. Having lost three games in a row, Wills changed her own tactics and opted to come to the net voluntarily in Lenglen's next service game. This strategy helped her get another break to get to 3\u20134 after Lenglen was only able to hit one passing shot in the game. However, Lenglen was able to adjust and get her third break of serve in the next game by hitting deep lobs instead of passing shots whenever Wills came to the next. She then consolidated the break to win the set 6\u20133. Despite taking the first set, Lenglen went to her mother in the stands for a glass of cognac in-between sets, a practice she was known for doing in her most competitive matches such as the 1919 Wimbledon final.", "Her quick returns made her passing shots extremely effective. She once said, \"I find that the girls generally do not hit the ball as hard as they should. I believe in always hitting the ball with all my might, but there seems to be a disposition to 'just get it over' in many girls whom I have played. I do not call this tennis.\" Her second round match with Suzanne Lenglen at the 1921 U.S. National Championships brought Mallory her greatest celebrity. Before the match, Bill Tilden advised Mallory to \"hit the cover off the ball. \" Once the match began, Mallory \"attacked with a vengeance\" and was ahead 2\u20130 (40\u20130) when Lenglen began to cough. Mallory won the first set 6\u20132 and was up 40\u20130 on Lenglen's serve in the first game of the second set when Lenglen began to weep and walked to the umpire's stand and informed the official that she was ill and could not continue. After the match, the USTA accused Lenglen of feigning illness. The French Tennis Federation (FTF) exonerated Lenglen and accepted her testimony (and a doctor's) that she had been ill. However, Albert de Joannis, vice president of the FTF who accompanied Lenglen during her trip to the United States, quit his post in protest of the FTF's conclusion. He claimed that Lenglen was \"perfectly fit\" during the match and that, \"She was defeated by a player who on that date showed a better brand of tennis.\" Lenglen avenged the loss by defeating Mallory 6\u20132, 6\u20130 in 26 minutes in the 1922 Wimbledon final, the shortest final in a Grand Slam tournament on record.", "Although the spectators also backed Wills, the call stood and Lenglen ended up winning the game. Wills then held serve in a game that went to deuce. Lenglen followed suit with a hold to love to keep the set level at 5\u20135. In the next game, Lenglen broke Wills to 30 to give herself the chance to serve for the match. She took a 40\u201315 in her service game to earn two match points. The first match point became another critical juncture in the match. Lenglen and Wills engaged in a long rally that ended with Wills hitting a powerful cross-court forehand into the corner near the line. Both players, the umpire, and the crowd heard the ball called out, signaling the end of the match. Within moments, photographers and reporters flooded the court and a picture was taken of Lenglen and Wills about to shake hands at the net. However, the linesman told the umpire that the ball was in and the call had from a spectator in the stands. Several minutes were needed to clear out all of the people and flowers on the court so that play could resume. When the match continued, Wills won the next three points to break Lenglen and level the match at 6\u20136. Both players had game points in each of the final two games of the match. Wills could not carry her momentum into her service game and fell behind 0\u201340. Although she won the next four points, Lenglen responded by taking the last three points and the game, setting up a second chance to serve out the match. Wills had a break point at 30\u201340 and a second after Lenglen had a rare double fault at deuce. However, Lenglen saved both break chances, and won the next two points to earn a third match point.", "This illness prevented her from playing another competitive match until Wimbledon and notably kept her out of the French Championships, where she was the four-time defending champion. Although both Lenglen and Wills entered Wimbledon in late June, Lenglen had not fully recovered. She entered her quarterfinal against her doubles partner Elizabeth Ryan as an overwhelming favorite, having not lost a game in any of her first three matches. Although she defeated Ryan, she dropped the middle set, the first set of tennis she had lost in singles since 1921. Following the match, Lenglen withdrew from the tournament, asserting she had not yet recovered from her illness. She did not play another match that year. In the other half of the draw, Wills reached the final without losing more than two games in any set. Though, she could not capitalize on Lenglen's withdrawal and ultimately finished runner-up to Kitty McKane despite taking the first set. A week later, Wills did take advantage of Lenglen's absence at the 1924 Olympics in Paris, winning the gold medals in both singles and doubles. This Olympic success bolstered her popularity in the United States and helped her rise to a level of stardom comparable to that of Lenglen, adding more interest for a match between tennis's two leading female stars. Wills did not return to Europe in 1925, instead focusing on her college studies as a sophomore at the University of California at Berkeley in the early part of the year and competing in tournaments on the east coast of the United States during the summer. During that year, Lenglen reestablished her perceived invincibility, going undefeated in both singles and doubles, and winning titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at both the first open French Championships as well as Wimbledon. In the United States, Wills was unable to match Lenglen's level of success."], "answer": {"text": "Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school,", "answer_start": 954}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Lenglen change the game of tennis?", "answer": {"text": "For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players).", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Lenglen work with?", "answer": {"text": "When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0.", "answer_start": 733, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did her illness affect her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover.", "answer_start": 817, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a13fcab9dd646c9a4ad61248f2d3207_1_q#5", "question": "Did she do any coaching?", "rewrite": "Did Lenglen do any coaching?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although the spectators also backed Wills, the call stood and Lenglen ended up winning the game. Wills then held serve in a game that went to deuce. Lenglen followed suit with a hold to love to keep the set level at 5\u20135. In the next game, Lenglen broke Wills to 30 to give herself the chance to serve for the match. She took a 40\u201315 in her service game to earn two match points. The first match point became another critical juncture in the match. Lenglen and Wills engaged in a long rally that ended with Wills hitting a powerful cross-court forehand into the corner near the line. Both players, the umpire, and the crowd heard the ball called out, signaling the end of the match. Within moments, photographers and reporters flooded the court and a picture was taken of Lenglen and Wills about to shake hands at the net. However, the linesman told the umpire that the ball was in and the call had from a spectator in the stands. Several minutes were needed to clear out all of the people and flowers on the court so that play could resume. When the match continued, Wills won the next three points to break Lenglen and level the match at 6\u20136. Both players had game points in each of the final two games of the match. Wills could not carry her momentum into her service game and fell behind 0\u201340. Although she won the next four points, Lenglen responded by taking the last three points and the game, setting up a second chance to serve out the match. Wills had a break point at 30\u201340 and a second after Lenglen had a rare double fault at deuce. However, Lenglen saved both break chances, and won the next two points to earn a third match point.", "Although she won the U.S. National Championships for the third year in a row, she lost a singles match in straight sets to Elizabeth Ryan and needed three sets to defeat Kitty McKane in the U.S. National Championship final. She also lost the decisive doubles match in the Wightman Cup to the visiting British pair of McKane and Evelyn Colyer. With these lapses, Wills had yet to attain the reputation of invincibility that Lenglen had. As a result, Lenglen was still regarded as the best player of the world and a clear favourite in a potential match against Wills. In January 1926, Wills travelled to France with the goal of facing Lenglen in a tournament on the French Riviera, where Lenglen typically played the majority of her season outside of the Grand Slam tournaments. The two players also dealt with illness in opposite ways. Lenglen had developed a reputation for potentially faking illnesses when she was nervous, while Wills did not attribute poor performances to her health even when she was sick. After Wills took an early lead in the match, Lenglen rebounded to win the first set comfortably. The set began with both players holding serve, Lenglen to love and Wills to 30 after falling behind 15\u201330. Wills carried over the momentum from her service game to break Lenglen and take a 2\u20131 lead. Although Lenglen had initially saved two break points at 15\u201340, Wills was eventually able to break on a long point that ended with her hitting a defensive cross-court backhand winner far up the line from well behind the baseline. The final shot prompted a standing ovation from the crowd, who did not expect Lenglen's well-placed previous shot to be returned, let alone hit for a winner.", "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States in a series of matches against Mary K. Browne. Browne, winner of the US Championships from 1912 to 1914, was 35 and considered to be past her prime, although she had reached the French final earlier that year (losing to Lenglen 6-1, 6-0). For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players). In their first match in New York City, Lenglen put on a performance that New York Times writer Allison Danzig lauded as \"one of the most masterly exhibitions of court generalship that has been seen in this country.\" When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0. She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover. Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school, which she set up with the help and money of her lover Jean Tillier. The school, located next to the courts of Roland Garros, slowly expanded and was recognised as a federal training centre by the French tennis federation in 1936. During this period, Lenglen also wrote several books on tennis. Lenglen was criticised widely for her decision to turn professional, and the All England Club at Wimbledon even revoked her honorary membership. Lenglen, however, described her decision as \"an escape from bondage and slavery\" and said in the tour programme, \"In the twelve years I have been champion I have earned literally millions of francs for tennis and have paid thousands of francs in entrance fees to be allowed to do so....", "Wills' performance in this game convinced the spectators that Wills could compete with Lenglen and in turn that the match would be competitive. Nonetheless, Lenglen was able to break Wills in her next three service games after devising a new tactic. In the first three games, she observed that Wills only attempted cross-court backhand winners, never hitting her backhand up the line. Lenglen took advantage of this weakness beginning in the fourth game by hitting drop shots to lure Wills into the net. If Wills was able to get to the drop shot, Lenglen would follow it up with a passing shot to win the point. She had little difficulty in setting up these drop shots because she knew where to position herself whenever Wills was hitting a backhand shot. Meanwhile, Wills lacked the speed to hit a good offensive return off of Lenglen's drop shots. This strategy also made Wills do more running and tired her later in the match. Lenglen's first two breaks and a service hold gave her a 4\u20132 lead. Having lost three games in a row, Wills changed her own tactics and opted to come to the net voluntarily in Lenglen's next service game. This strategy helped her get another break to get to 3\u20134 after Lenglen was only able to hit one passing shot in the game. However, Lenglen was able to adjust and get her third break of serve in the next game by hitting deep lobs instead of passing shots whenever Wills came to the next. She then consolidated the break to win the set 6\u20133. Despite taking the first set, Lenglen went to her mother in the stands for a glass of cognac in-between sets, a practice she was known for doing in her most competitive matches such as the 1919 Wimbledon final.", "In what would turn out to become her last year as an amateur player, Lenglen played what many consider to be her most memorable match. In a February 1926 tournament at the Carlton Club in Cannes, she played her only match against Helen Wills. The 20-year-old American was already a two-time winner of the U.S. Championships and would dominate the women's game in the late 1920s and early 1930s in the same way that Lenglen had dominated it since 1919. Public attention for their meeting in the tournament final was immense, and scalper ticket prices went through the roof. Roofs and windows of nearby buildings were also crowded with spectators. The match itself saw Lenglen clinging on to a 6-3, 8-6 victory after being close to a collapse on several occasions. According to many authorities, including Larry Englemann in his book, The Goddess and the American Girl: The Story of Suzanne Lenglen and Helen Wills, Lenglen was forbidden to play Wills by her father, and, because almost for the first time she was defying her father, she was sleepless for the whole night before the match, and in a state of the highest nervous tension. Later in the year, Lenglen seemed to be on course for her seventh Wimbledon singles title. However, Lenglen unknowingly kept Queen Mary waiting in the Royal Box for her appearance in a preliminary match. Lenglen, who had been told that her match would not start until much later, fainted upon being informed of her error, which was seen by aristocratic English attendees as an insult to the monarchy. Lenglen withdrew from the tournament, which would be her last appearance at the courts of Wimbledon."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Lenglen change the game of tennis?", "answer": {"text": "For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players).", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Lenglen work with?", "answer": {"text": "When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0.", "answer_start": 733, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did her illness affect her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover.", "answer_start": 817, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she take time away from the game?", "answer": {"text": "Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school,", "answer_start": 954, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9a13fcab9dd646c9a4ad61248f2d3207_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article in addition to Lenglen's impact on tennis and her illness?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Wills' performance in this game convinced the spectators that Wills could compete with Lenglen and in turn that the match would be competitive. Nonetheless, Lenglen was able to break Wills in her next three service games after devising a new tactic. In the first three games, she observed that Wills only attempted cross-court backhand winners, never hitting her backhand up the line. Lenglen took advantage of this weakness beginning in the fourth game by hitting drop shots to lure Wills into the net. If Wills was able to get to the drop shot, Lenglen would follow it up with a passing shot to win the point. She had little difficulty in setting up these drop shots because she knew where to position herself whenever Wills was hitting a backhand shot. Meanwhile, Wills lacked the speed to hit a good offensive return off of Lenglen's drop shots. This strategy also made Wills do more running and tired her later in the match. Lenglen's first two breaks and a service hold gave her a 4\u20132 lead. Having lost three games in a row, Wills changed her own tactics and opted to come to the net voluntarily in Lenglen's next service game. This strategy helped her get another break to get to 3\u20134 after Lenglen was only able to hit one passing shot in the game. However, Lenglen was able to adjust and get her third break of serve in the next game by hitting deep lobs instead of passing shots whenever Wills came to the next. She then consolidated the break to win the set 6\u20133. Despite taking the first set, Lenglen went to her mother in the stands for a glass of cognac in-between sets, a practice she was known for doing in her most competitive matches such as the 1919 Wimbledon final.", "This illness prevented her from playing another competitive match until Wimbledon and notably kept her out of the French Championships, where she was the four-time defending champion. Although both Lenglen and Wills entered Wimbledon in late June, Lenglen had not fully recovered. She entered her quarterfinal against her doubles partner Elizabeth Ryan as an overwhelming favorite, having not lost a game in any of her first three matches. Although she defeated Ryan, she dropped the middle set, the first set of tennis she had lost in singles since 1921. Following the match, Lenglen withdrew from the tournament, asserting she had not yet recovered from her illness. She did not play another match that year. In the other half of the draw, Wills reached the final without losing more than two games in any set. Though, she could not capitalize on Lenglen's withdrawal and ultimately finished runner-up to Kitty McKane despite taking the first set. A week later, Wills did take advantage of Lenglen's absence at the 1924 Olympics in Paris, winning the gold medals in both singles and doubles. This Olympic success bolstered her popularity in the United States and helped her rise to a level of stardom comparable to that of Lenglen, adding more interest for a match between tennis's two leading female stars. Wills did not return to Europe in 1925, instead focusing on her college studies as a sophomore at the University of California at Berkeley in the early part of the year and competing in tournaments on the east coast of the United States during the summer. During that year, Lenglen reestablished her perceived invincibility, going undefeated in both singles and doubles, and winning titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at both the first open French Championships as well as Wimbledon. In the United States, Wills was unable to match Lenglen's level of success.", "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States in a series of matches against Mary K. Browne. Browne, winner of the US Championships from 1912 to 1914, was 35 and considered to be past her prime, although she had reached the French final earlier that year (losing to Lenglen 6-1, 6-0). For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players). In their first match in New York City, Lenglen put on a performance that New York Times writer Allison Danzig lauded as \"one of the most masterly exhibitions of court generalship that has been seen in this country.\" When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0. She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover. Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school, which she set up with the help and money of her lover Jean Tillier. The school, located next to the courts of Roland Garros, slowly expanded and was recognised as a federal training centre by the French tennis federation in 1936. During this period, Lenglen also wrote several books on tennis. Lenglen was criticised widely for her decision to turn professional, and the All England Club at Wimbledon even revoked her honorary membership. Lenglen, however, described her decision as \"an escape from bondage and slavery\" and said in the tour programme, \"In the twelve years I have been champion I have earned literally millions of francs for tennis and have paid thousands of francs in entrance fees to be allowed to do so....", "Although she won the U.S. National Championships for the third year in a row, she lost a singles match in straight sets to Elizabeth Ryan and needed three sets to defeat Kitty McKane in the U.S. National Championship final. She also lost the decisive doubles match in the Wightman Cup to the visiting British pair of McKane and Evelyn Colyer. With these lapses, Wills had yet to attain the reputation of invincibility that Lenglen had. As a result, Lenglen was still regarded as the best player of the world and a clear favourite in a potential match against Wills. In January 1926, Wills travelled to France with the goal of facing Lenglen in a tournament on the French Riviera, where Lenglen typically played the majority of her season outside of the Grand Slam tournaments. The two players also dealt with illness in opposite ways. Lenglen had developed a reputation for potentially faking illnesses when she was nervous, while Wills did not attribute poor performances to her health even when she was sick. After Wills took an early lead in the match, Lenglen rebounded to win the first set comfortably. The set began with both players holding serve, Lenglen to love and Wills to 30 after falling behind 15\u201330. Wills carried over the momentum from her service game to break Lenglen and take a 2\u20131 lead. Although Lenglen had initially saved two break points at 15\u201340, Wills was eventually able to break on a long point that ended with her hitting a defensive cross-court backhand winner far up the line from well behind the baseline. The final shot prompted a standing ovation from the crowd, who did not expect Lenglen's well-placed previous shot to be returned, let alone hit for a winner.", "Her quick returns made her passing shots extremely effective. She once said, \"I find that the girls generally do not hit the ball as hard as they should. I believe in always hitting the ball with all my might, but there seems to be a disposition to 'just get it over' in many girls whom I have played. I do not call this tennis.\" Her second round match with Suzanne Lenglen at the 1921 U.S. National Championships brought Mallory her greatest celebrity. Before the match, Bill Tilden advised Mallory to \"hit the cover off the ball. \" Once the match began, Mallory \"attacked with a vengeance\" and was ahead 2\u20130 (40\u20130) when Lenglen began to cough. Mallory won the first set 6\u20132 and was up 40\u20130 on Lenglen's serve in the first game of the second set when Lenglen began to weep and walked to the umpire's stand and informed the official that she was ill and could not continue. After the match, the USTA accused Lenglen of feigning illness. The French Tennis Federation (FTF) exonerated Lenglen and accepted her testimony (and a doctor's) that she had been ill. However, Albert de Joannis, vice president of the FTF who accompanied Lenglen during her trip to the United States, quit his post in protest of the FTF's conclusion. He claimed that Lenglen was \"perfectly fit\" during the match and that, \"She was defeated by a player who on that date showed a better brand of tennis.\" Lenglen avenged the loss by defeating Mallory 6\u20132, 6\u20130 in 26 minutes in the 1922 Wimbledon final, the shortest final in a Grand Slam tournament on record."], "answer": {"text": "Lenglen was criticised widely for her decision to turn professional, and the All England Club at Wimbledon even revoked her honorary membership.", "answer_start": 1335}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Suzanne Lenglen commence her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "The first major female tennis star to turn professional, Lenglen was paid US$50,000 by American entrepreneur Charles C. Pyle to tour the United States", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Lenglen change the game of tennis?", "answer": {"text": "For the first time in tennis history, the women's match was the headline event of the tour (which also featured male players).", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did Lenglen work with?", "answer": {"text": "When the tour ended in February 1927, Lenglen had defeated Browne, 38 matches to 0.", "answer_start": 733, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did her illness affect her professional career?", "answer": {"text": "She was exhausted from the lengthy tour, and a physician advised Lenglen that she needed a lengthy period away from the game to recover.", "answer_start": 817, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she take time away from the game?", "answer": {"text": "Instead, Lenglen chose to retire from competitive tennis to run a Paris tennis school,", "answer_start": 954, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any coaching?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9da4adfe833c44d68b64342b7d57d4c5_0_q#0", "question": "What did the pixies have to do with Kim Deal?", "rewrite": "What did the pixies have to do with Kim Deal?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pixies discography The discography of Pixies, an American alternative rock band, includes seven studio albums, 12 singles, five compilations, one mini-LP, and three EPs . Pixies formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1985. Following their 1987 demo tape, the band signed to the English independent record label 4AD. They released \"Come On Pilgrim\", comprising eight songs from their demo tape, in October 1987. Their first full-length album, \"Surfer Rosa\", was released in 1988 on 4AD; an American distribution deal was agreed with Rough Trade Records several months later. However, \"Surfer Rosa\" did not see wide distribution in the United States. Pixies agreed to a United States distribution deal with Elektra Records before releasing their third album, \"Doolittle\". \" Doolittle\" was the most successful album for Pixies, earning them a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America in 1995 (along with \"Surfer Rosa\" in 2005). Following a hiatus in 1989, the band reconvened to release \"Bossanova\" in 1990 and \"Trompe le Monde\" in 1991, before breaking up in 1993. After reuniting in 2004, Black Francis, Joey Santiago, Kim Deal and David Lovering issued a download-only single, \"Bam Thwok,\" and Warren Zevon cover, \"Ain't That Pretty At All\", as well as collaborating with Disc Live to release a number of reunion tour live albums in the same year. In 2013, a week after the departure of bassist Kim Deal, the band released the song \"Bagboy\", and then \"EP1\", consisting of four new songs.", "EP1 (Pixies EP) EP1 is a 2013 EP by American alternative rock band Pixies. Apart from the 2004 single \"Bam Thwok\" and a cover of Warren Zevon's \"Ain't That Pretty At All\", this EP, along with the 2013 single \"Bagboy\", is the first new material from the band in more than 20 years. This is the first album they have released without founding member Kim Deal, who quit earlier in the year. It is the first in a series of releases planned through the band's web site and designed by Vaughan Oliver. The Pixies were aware of how their legacy, as well as the departure of their longtime bassist Kim Deal, strengthened the weight surrounding a new release. Santiago said the band mourned for three days but decided to continue without Deal. The track \"Indie Cindy\" is about the band's hope that audiences will accept their new work after such a long hiatus. The song, according to Black Francis, says to the audience \"I don\u2019t know if you\u2019ll accept me; I don\u2019t know if I accept you. But we have this memory. Can we do it again?\u201d The E.P. is intended to be one of several released through the band's website rather than full albums on labels. \"EP1\" received mixed reviews from music critics. Jayson Greene of Pitchfork Media castigated the extended play, arguing there is \"no Pixies in this Pixies\" and giving it a rare score of 1.0. Ben Sisario of \"The New York Times\" called it \"less screamy and uptight\" but noted the overall dynamics of the band were still present.", "The Breeders The Breeders are an American alternative rock band based in Dayton, Ohio, fronted by Kim Deal and her twin sister Kelley Deal. The band was first formed by Kim Deal and Tanya Donelly in 1989. Originally intended as a side-project for Deal and Donelly while still in their full-time bands Pixies and Throwing Muses respectively, The Breeders quickly became Deal's primary recording outlet. The original line-up also included bassist Josephine Wiggs of The Perfect Disaster, and drummer Britt Walford of Slint. The band has had several lineup changes over the years, with frontwoman Kim Deal being the band's sole continuous member; Deal's twin sister Kelley Deal joined in 1992, and has remained in the band ever since. By 1992, The Breeders became Deal's full-time band. The Pixies broke up the following year, followed by Donelly leaving to start her own band Belly. The Breeders debut album, 1990's \"Pod\", though not a commercial success at the time of release, received widespread critical acclaim from music critics, as well as from Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain, who cited \"Pod\" as one of his all-time favorite albums, while \"Stereogum\" ranked it #14 on their 2012 list of Steve Albini's best produced albums. After the departures of Tanya Donelly and Britt Walford, joining Kim Deal and Josephine Wiggs as new additions to the band were Kelley Deal on lead guitar and Jim Macpherson on drums, making up The Breeders' best-known line-up, who went on to record the band's most commercially successful album, \"Last Splash\" in 1993.", "Pod (Breeders album) Pod is the debut album by American alternative rock band the Breeders, released by 4AD records in May 1990. Engineered by Steve Albini, it features band leader Kim Deal on vocals and guitar, Josephine Wiggs on bass, Britt Walford on drums, and Tanya Donelly on guitar. Albini's production prioritized sound over technical accomplishment; the final takes favor the band's spontaneous live \"in studio\" performances. The Breeders formed in 1988 when Deal, bass player for the Pixies, befriended Tanya Donelly of Throwing Muses during a European tour. They recorded a country-infused demo in 1989, leading to 4AD co-founder Ivo Watts-Russell funding of an album, \"Pod\", recorded that year at the Palladium studio in Edinburgh, Scotland. Due in part to Deal's work with the Pixies, the album was widely anticipated, particularly in Europe. It became a critical and popular success, reaching number 22 in the UK. Critics praised its dark, sexualized lyrics, and compared it favorably to the Pixies. Nirvana's Kurt Cobain said it was one of his favorite records, and \"Pitchfork\" ranked it number 81 on its list of the best albums of the 1990s. The cover art was designed by Vaughan Oliver and portrays a man performing a fertility dance while wearing a belt of eels. In 1988, Kim Deal of the Pixies became friends with Tanya Donelly of Throwing Muses when their respective bands undertook a joint tour of Europe. Deal and Donelly spent time together playing guitar, drinking beer and sharing musical ideas. They often went clubbing together in the bands' hometown of Boston. While attending a Sugarcubes concert, the two drunkenly decided to write and record dance songs.", "Kelley Deal Kelley Jeannine Deal (born June 10, 1961) is an American musician. She has been lead guitarist and co-vocalist of The Breeders since 1992, and has formed her own side-projects with bands such as R. Ring and The Kelley Deal 6000. She is the identical twin sister of The Breeders lead singer Kim Deal. Kelley Deal was born in Dayton, Ohio, United States, 11 minutes before her twin sister Kim Deal. The Deal twins grew up in Huber Heights, a suburb of Dayton, Ohio. The sisters first played together in their late teens, Kim playing guitar and both sisters singing Hank Williams songs in biker bars. They both had an opportunity to join the Pixies in the mid-'80s, with Kim on bass and Kelley on drums; Kim followed through while Kelley opted to move to California. While Kim made her mark as an indie rock musician, Kelley worked in computer programming. In 1989, Kim Deal and Tanya Donelly (lead guitarist of Throwing Muses) formed the first incarnation of The Breeders. Kim invited Kelley to join the band for their debut album, \"Pod\", but Kelley could not get time off from work. In 1992, Kelley joined the band as third guitarist, even though she did not really know how to play. The \"Safari\" EP was the first recording on which she appeared. Guitarist Tanya Donelly left to form Belly a little after the release of \"Safari\". Kim suggested Kelley should be the band's new drummer. After Kelley insisted on lead guitar, Kim gave her a crash course on all the songs in the band's set. Kelley picked up quickly and learned all the lead parts on \"Pod\" and the new parts on the album they were about to record, \"Last Splash\". A new drummer from Dayton, Jim MacPherson, joined them."], "answer": {"text": "Deal became the bassist and backing vocalist for Pixies in", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9da4adfe833c44d68b64342b7d57d4c5_0_q#1", "question": "what years were those", "rewrite": "What years was Kim Deal the bassist and backing vocalist for the Pixies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pixies discography The discography of Pixies, an American alternative rock band, includes seven studio albums, 12 singles, five compilations, one mini-LP, and three EPs . Pixies formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1985. Following their 1987 demo tape, the band signed to the English independent record label 4AD. They released \"Come On Pilgrim\", comprising eight songs from their demo tape, in October 1987. Their first full-length album, \"Surfer Rosa\", was released in 1988 on 4AD; an American distribution deal was agreed with Rough Trade Records several months later. However, \"Surfer Rosa\" did not see wide distribution in the United States. Pixies agreed to a United States distribution deal with Elektra Records before releasing their third album, \"Doolittle\". \" Doolittle\" was the most successful album for Pixies, earning them a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America in 1995 (along with \"Surfer Rosa\" in 2005). Following a hiatus in 1989, the band reconvened to release \"Bossanova\" in 1990 and \"Trompe le Monde\" in 1991, before breaking up in 1993. After reuniting in 2004, Black Francis, Joey Santiago, Kim Deal and David Lovering issued a download-only single, \"Bam Thwok,\" and Warren Zevon cover, \"Ain't That Pretty At All\", as well as collaborating with Disc Live to release a number of reunion tour live albums in the same year. In 2013, a week after the departure of bassist Kim Deal, the band released the song \"Bagboy\", and then \"EP1\", consisting of four new songs.", "EP1 (Pixies EP) EP1 is a 2013 EP by American alternative rock band Pixies. Apart from the 2004 single \"Bam Thwok\" and a cover of Warren Zevon's \"Ain't That Pretty At All\", this EP, along with the 2013 single \"Bagboy\", is the first new material from the band in more than 20 years. This is the first album they have released without founding member Kim Deal, who quit earlier in the year. It is the first in a series of releases planned through the band's web site and designed by Vaughan Oliver. The Pixies were aware of how their legacy, as well as the departure of their longtime bassist Kim Deal, strengthened the weight surrounding a new release. Santiago said the band mourned for three days but decided to continue without Deal. The track \"Indie Cindy\" is about the band's hope that audiences will accept their new work after such a long hiatus. The song, according to Black Francis, says to the audience \"I don\u2019t know if you\u2019ll accept me; I don\u2019t know if I accept you. But we have this memory. Can we do it again?\u201d The E.P. is intended to be one of several released through the band's website rather than full albums on labels. \"EP1\" received mixed reviews from music critics. Jayson Greene of Pitchfork Media castigated the extended play, arguing there is \"no Pixies in this Pixies\" and giving it a rare score of 1.0. Ben Sisario of \"The New York Times\" called it \"less screamy and uptight\" but noted the overall dynamics of the band were still present.", "Kelley Deal Kelley Jeannine Deal (born June 10, 1961) is an American musician. She has been lead guitarist and co-vocalist of The Breeders since 1992, and has formed her own side-projects with bands such as R. Ring and The Kelley Deal 6000. She is the identical twin sister of The Breeders lead singer Kim Deal. Kelley Deal was born in Dayton, Ohio, United States, 11 minutes before her twin sister Kim Deal. The Deal twins grew up in Huber Heights, a suburb of Dayton, Ohio. The sisters first played together in their late teens, Kim playing guitar and both sisters singing Hank Williams songs in biker bars. They both had an opportunity to join the Pixies in the mid-'80s, with Kim on bass and Kelley on drums; Kim followed through while Kelley opted to move to California. While Kim made her mark as an indie rock musician, Kelley worked in computer programming. In 1989, Kim Deal and Tanya Donelly (lead guitarist of Throwing Muses) formed the first incarnation of The Breeders. Kim invited Kelley to join the band for their debut album, \"Pod\", but Kelley could not get time off from work. In 1992, Kelley joined the band as third guitarist, even though she did not really know how to play. The \"Safari\" EP was the first recording on which she appeared. Guitarist Tanya Donelly left to form Belly a little after the release of \"Safari\". Kim suggested Kelley should be the band's new drummer. After Kelley insisted on lead guitar, Kim gave her a crash course on all the songs in the band's set. Kelley picked up quickly and learned all the lead parts on \"Pod\" and the new parts on the album they were about to record, \"Last Splash\". A new drummer from Dayton, Jim MacPherson, joined them.", "The Breeders The Breeders are an American alternative rock band based in Dayton, Ohio, fronted by Kim Deal and her twin sister Kelley Deal. The band was first formed by Kim Deal and Tanya Donelly in 1989. Originally intended as a side-project for Deal and Donelly while still in their full-time bands Pixies and Throwing Muses respectively, The Breeders quickly became Deal's primary recording outlet. The original line-up also included bassist Josephine Wiggs of The Perfect Disaster, and drummer Britt Walford of Slint. The band has had several lineup changes over the years, with frontwoman Kim Deal being the band's sole continuous member; Deal's twin sister Kelley Deal joined in 1992, and has remained in the band ever since. By 1992, The Breeders became Deal's full-time band. The Pixies broke up the following year, followed by Donelly leaving to start her own band Belly. The Breeders debut album, 1990's \"Pod\", though not a commercial success at the time of release, received widespread critical acclaim from music critics, as well as from Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain, who cited \"Pod\" as one of his all-time favorite albums, while \"Stereogum\" ranked it #14 on their 2012 list of Steve Albini's best produced albums. After the departures of Tanya Donelly and Britt Walford, joining Kim Deal and Josephine Wiggs as new additions to the band were Kelley Deal on lead guitar and Jim Macpherson on drums, making up The Breeders' best-known line-up, who went on to record the band's most commercially successful album, \"Last Splash\" in 1993.", "Gigantic (song) \"Gigantic\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Pixies, co-written by bassist Kim Deal and lead vocalist/guitarist Black Francis. The song appeared on the band's first full-length studio album, \"Surfer Rosa\", released in 1988. One of the longest songs on the album, \"Gigantic\" was released as the band's first single later that year. Featuring Deal on lead vocals, the song is one of Pixies' biggest hits and a crowd favorite at concerts, often played as the encore. The melody line comes from Deal's simple but effective bass playing\u2014the same bassline is repeated throughout the song. \"Gigantic\" never achieved a ranking on any major charts and was their only release from \"Surfer Rosa\". However, it was a fairly successful first hit for Pixies and maintains radio play to this day. The single version of the song appeared on Pixies' 2004 best-of compilation, \"\". According to Deal, the main inspiration for the song was the film \"Crimes of the Heart\", in which a white married woman falls in love with a black teenager and the song \"Gigantic\" is credited to Mrs John Murphy (Kim Deal's pseudonym at the time of \"Come On Pilgrim\" and \"Surfer Rosa\" as an ironic feminist joke). The song's voyeuristic lyrics mostly revolve around a woman's observation of an attractive black man making love to another woman, culminating in the oddly light-hearted but sexual chorus: \"Gigantic, gigantic, gigantic / A big, big love\". Francis later commented on the title of the song and the chorus (in the music magazine \"SELECT\"), saying:  \" A good chord progression, very Lou Reed influenced."], "answer": {"text": "January 1986,", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the pixies have to do with Kim Deal?", "answer": {"text": "Deal became the bassist and backing vocalist for Pixies in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9da4adfe833c44d68b64342b7d57d4c5_0_q#2", "question": "were they successful?", "rewrite": "Were The Pixies a successful band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In older Westcountry dialect modern Received Pronunciation letter pairs are sometimes transposed from the older Saxon spelling (\"waps\" for wasp, \"aks\" for ask and so on) resulting in \"piskies\" in place of modern \"piksies\" (pixies) as still commonly found in Devon and Cornwall to modern times. Until the advent of more modern fiction, pixie mythology was localised to Britain. Some have noted similarities to \"northern fairies\", Germanic and Scandinavian elves, or Tomte but pixies are distinguished from them by the myths and stories of Devon and Cornwall. Before the mid-19th century, pixies and fairies were taken seriously in much of Cornwall and Devon. Books devoted to the homely beliefs of the peasantry are filled with incidents of pixie manifestations. Some locales are named for the pixies associated with them. In Devon, near Challacombe, a group of rocks are named after the pixies said to dwell there. At Trevose Head in Cornwall, 600 pixies were said to have gathered dancing and laughing in a circle that had appeared upon the turf until one of their number, named Omfra, lost his laugh. After searching amongst the barrows of the ancient kings of Cornwall on St Breock Downs, he wades through the bottomless Dozmary Pool on Bodmin Moor until his laugh is restored by King Arthur in the form of a Chough. In some areas belief in pixies and fairies as real beings persists. In the legends associated with Dartmoor, pixies (or piskeys) are said to disguise themselves as a bundle of rags to lure children into their play. The pixies of Dartmoor are fond of music and dancing and for riding on Dartmoor colts.", "Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Called Pixies  Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Called Pixies is a 2005 book by Josh Frank and Caryn Ganz about the American alternative rock band Pixies. The book, written as an oral history, covers the career of the band from their inception, to their breakup in 1993 and eventual reunion in 2004. \"Fool the World\" features interviews and recollections from a range of characters involved with the band, including \"Surfer Rosa\" producer Steve Albini, Kim Deal's twin sister Kelley Deal and 4AD co-founder Ivo Watts-Russell, as well as each member of the band. The book's name, \"Fool the World\", is the English translation of the title of Pixies' 1991 album, \"Trompe le Monde\". It is published by Virgin Books in the United Kingdom and St. Martin's Griffin in the United States. The book's foreword is written by Chas Banks, Pixies' European tour manager. The book includes a selected discography, along with a \"Fun Facts\" chapter, which includes information about references to Pixies in popular culture and released Pixies covers. \"Fool the World\" was originally written as a musical by Frank, until it was suggested that he compile all his material into \"one big, fat book\". As a result, sections of the book are named after musical terms, such as \"Cast of Characters\", \"Acts\" and \"Encore\". The book is split into three acts, \"Boston\", \"U.S. vs. UK\" and \"Le Monde\", with an encore. The act is named after Pixies' 1991 album \"Trompe le Monde\", and covers the album, along with their 1992 supporting tour with U2.", "It became a kind of new pop formula and, within a short while, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was charging up the charts and even the members of Nirvana said later that it sounded for all the world like a Pixies song. Sonically, Pixies are credited with popularizing the extreme dynamics and stop-start timing that would become widespread in alternative rock; Pixies songs typically feature hushed, restrained verses, and explosive, wailing choruses. Artists including David Bowie, Matt Noveskey, Radiohead, PJ Harvey, U2, Nirvana, The Strokes, Alice in Chains, Weezer, Bush, Arcade Fire, Pavement, Everclear, Kings of Leon and Matthew Good have cited admiration of or influence by Pixies. Bono of U2 has called Pixies \"one of America's greatest bands ever\", and Radiohead's Thom Yorke said that Pixies \"changed my life\". Bowie, whose own music had inspired Francis and Santiago while they were at university, has said that the Pixies made \"just about the most compelling music of the entire 80s. \"  One notable citation as an influence was by Kurt Cobain, on influencing Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\", which he admitted was a conscious attempt to co-opt Pixies' style. In a January 1994 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", he said, \"I was trying to write the ultimate pop song. I was basically trying to rip off the Pixies. I have to admit it [smiles]. When I heard the Pixies for the first time, I connected with that band so heavily I should have been in that band\u2014or at least in a Pixies cover band. We used their sense of dynamics, being soft and quiet and then loud and hard.\"", "The group was ultimately not given a spot on the show. A 90-minute documentary called \"loudQUIETloud: a film about the Pixies\" directed by Steven Cantor and Matthew Galkin was released in 2006. The film documents their 2004 reunion and tour, and covers the years after the break-up. In addition to \"Pixies\" and \"LoudQUIETloud\", four other Pixies' DVDs were released between 2004 and 2006, all featuring concert performances: \"Live at the Town and Country Club 1988\", \"The Pixies\u2014Sell Out\", \"The Pixies Acoustic: Live in Newport\", and \"The Pixies Club Date: Live at the Paradise in Boston\". Pixies were ranked number 81 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\". In 2013, Sean T. Rayburn, founder of PixiesMusic.com and friend to the band, launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund the release of \"PIXIES: A Visual History, Volume 1\", a limited edition hardcover, coffee-table size book, featuring hundreds of never-before-seen photos of the band. The Kickstarter edition of the book was limited to 3,500 numbered copies, all signed by Rayburn and Pixies singer Black Francis. Approximately one-quarter of these were also signed by designer Aaron Tanner. \" A Visual History\" went on to win several gold and silver publishing awards.", "On June 14, 2013, Pixies announced that Deal had left the band. Deal has since released new solo music and the remaining Pixies have welcomed her to come back as her schedule with Breeders allows. Two weeks later, the band released a new song, \"Bagboy\", as a free download via Pixies website. The song features Jeremy Dubs of Bunnies and formerly of the Bennies on vocals in place of Deal. On July 1, 2013, Pixies announced the addition of Muffs and Pandoras guitarist and vocalist Kim Shattuck to replace Deal for their 2013 European tour. On September 3, 2013, Pixies released an EP of new songs titled \"EP1\". On November 29, 2013, Shattuck announced that she had been dismissed from the band that day. In December 2013, it was announced that The Entrance Band and A Perfect Circle bassist Paz Lenchantin was joining Pixies for the 2014 tour. More new material surfaced when Pixies released their second EP, \"EP2\", on January 3, 2014. The single released to radio was \"Blue Eyed Hexe\". Another new EP, \"EP3\", was released on March 24, 2014. All the EPs were only available as downloads and limited edition vinyl. The three EPs were collected in LP format and released as the album \"Indie Cindy\" in April 2014. The album was the first release from the band in over two decades, the last being \"Trompe le Monde\" in 1991. In 2015, Pixies toured in support of Robert Plant for a series of dates across North America. On July 6, 2016, Pixies announced that Lenchantin was now a permanent member of the band. Their sixth album, \"Head Carrier\", was released on September 30, 2016."], "answer": {"text": "chops.\" Deal was the only person to call them, even though her main instrument was guitar.", "answer_start": 213}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the pixies have to do with Kim Deal?", "answer": {"text": "Deal became the bassist and backing vocalist for Pixies in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what years were those", "answer": {"text": "January 1986,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9da4adfe833c44d68b64342b7d57d4c5_0_q#3", "question": "did they ever release an ablum", "rewrite": "Did The Pixies ever release an album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On June 14, 2013, Pixies announced that Deal had left the band. Deal has since released new solo music and the remaining Pixies have welcomed her to come back as her schedule with Breeders allows. Two weeks later, the band released a new song, \"Bagboy\", as a free download via Pixies website. The song features Jeremy Dubs of Bunnies and formerly of the Bennies on vocals in place of Deal. On July 1, 2013, Pixies announced the addition of Muffs and Pandoras guitarist and vocalist Kim Shattuck to replace Deal for their 2013 European tour. On September 3, 2013, Pixies released an EP of new songs titled \"EP1\". On November 29, 2013, Shattuck announced that she had been dismissed from the band that day. In December 2013, it was announced that The Entrance Band and A Perfect Circle bassist Paz Lenchantin was joining Pixies for the 2014 tour. More new material surfaced when Pixies released their second EP, \"EP2\", on January 3, 2014. The single released to radio was \"Blue Eyed Hexe\". Another new EP, \"EP3\", was released on March 24, 2014. All the EPs were only available as downloads and limited edition vinyl. The three EPs were collected in LP format and released as the album \"Indie Cindy\" in April 2014. The album was the first release from the band in over two decades, the last being \"Trompe le Monde\" in 1991. In 2015, Pixies toured in support of Robert Plant for a series of dates across North America. On July 6, 2016, Pixies announced that Lenchantin was now a permanent member of the band. Their sixth album, \"Head Carrier\", was released on September 30, 2016.", "The group was ultimately not given a spot on the show. A 90-minute documentary called \"loudQUIETloud: a film about the Pixies\" directed by Steven Cantor and Matthew Galkin was released in 2006. The film documents their 2004 reunion and tour, and covers the years after the break-up. In addition to \"Pixies\" and \"LoudQUIETloud\", four other Pixies' DVDs were released between 2004 and 2006, all featuring concert performances: \"Live at the Town and Country Club 1988\", \"The Pixies\u2014Sell Out\", \"The Pixies Acoustic: Live in Newport\", and \"The Pixies Club Date: Live at the Paradise in Boston\". Pixies were ranked number 81 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock\". In 2013, Sean T. Rayburn, founder of PixiesMusic.com and friend to the band, launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund the release of \"PIXIES: A Visual History, Volume 1\", a limited edition hardcover, coffee-table size book, featuring hundreds of never-before-seen photos of the band. The Kickstarter edition of the book was limited to 3,500 numbered copies, all signed by Rayburn and Pixies singer Black Francis. Approximately one-quarter of these were also signed by designer Aaron Tanner. \" A Visual History\" went on to win several gold and silver publishing awards.", "Sean O'Hagan of \"The Guardian\" described the clip as a \"benchmark in modern video direction, more a breathtaking short film than a mere pop promo\". English alternative rock band The Verve later paid homage to it in the video for their 1997 song \"Bitter Sweet Symphony\", which in turn was parodied in the video for the song \"Vindaloo\" by Fat Les. \"Unfinished Sympathy\" was released as the second single from \"Blue Lines\" on 11 February 1991. As the single was released in the midst of the Gulf War, the word \"attack\" was temporarily dropped from the group's name at the advice of their record company and management. The name \"Massive Attack\" had previously been deemed \"unpatriotic\" by the BBC \u2013 thus, the name change was carried out to prevent the single from being banned from airplay. The single was a commercial success for the group, managing to chart highly in several European countries. \" Unfinished Sympathy\" became a number-one hit on the Dutch Top 40 and peaked at number two on the Dutch Mega Single Top 100 chart. It also gave the group their first major hit in the United Kingdom, where it peaked at number thirteen and remained on the charts for nine weeks. The single reached the top ten in Switzerland and the top twenty in Germany and the Flanders region of Belgium. Outside of Europe, it peaked at number forty-eight in New Zealand. Upon its release the single received widespread critical acclaim from the music press. The \"NME\" made it single of the week and called it \"an intense, warmblooded dance track that boasts more fire in its balls than the Pixies ever dug for\" (referring to the Pixies' recently released single \"Dig for Fire\").", "It became a kind of new pop formula and, within a short while, \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" was charging up the charts and even the members of Nirvana said later that it sounded for all the world like a Pixies song. Sonically, Pixies are credited with popularizing the extreme dynamics and stop-start timing that would become widespread in alternative rock; Pixies songs typically feature hushed, restrained verses, and explosive, wailing choruses. Artists including David Bowie, Matt Noveskey, Radiohead, PJ Harvey, U2, Nirvana, The Strokes, Alice in Chains, Weezer, Bush, Arcade Fire, Pavement, Everclear, Kings of Leon and Matthew Good have cited admiration of or influence by Pixies. Bono of U2 has called Pixies \"one of America's greatest bands ever\", and Radiohead's Thom Yorke said that Pixies \"changed my life\". Bowie, whose own music had inspired Francis and Santiago while they were at university, has said that the Pixies made \"just about the most compelling music of the entire 80s. \"  One notable citation as an influence was by Kurt Cobain, on influencing Nirvana's \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\", which he admitted was a conscious attempt to co-opt Pixies' style. In a January 1994 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", he said, \"I was trying to write the ultimate pop song. I was basically trying to rip off the Pixies. I have to admit it [smiles]. When I heard the Pixies for the first time, I connected with that band so heavily I should have been in that band\u2014or at least in a Pixies cover band. We used their sense of dynamics, being soft and quiet and then loud and hard.\"", "Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Called Pixies  Fool the World: The Oral History of a Band Called Pixies is a 2005 book by Josh Frank and Caryn Ganz about the American alternative rock band Pixies. The book, written as an oral history, covers the career of the band from their inception, to their breakup in 1993 and eventual reunion in 2004. \"Fool the World\" features interviews and recollections from a range of characters involved with the band, including \"Surfer Rosa\" producer Steve Albini, Kim Deal's twin sister Kelley Deal and 4AD co-founder Ivo Watts-Russell, as well as each member of the band. The book's name, \"Fool the World\", is the English translation of the title of Pixies' 1991 album, \"Trompe le Monde\". It is published by Virgin Books in the United Kingdom and St. Martin's Griffin in the United States. The book's foreword is written by Chas Banks, Pixies' European tour manager. The book includes a selected discography, along with a \"Fun Facts\" chapter, which includes information about references to Pixies in popular culture and released Pixies covers. \"Fool the World\" was originally written as a musical by Frank, until it was suggested that he compile all his material into \"one big, fat book\". As a result, sections of the book are named after musical terms, such as \"Cast of Characters\", \"Acts\" and \"Encore\". The book is split into three acts, \"Boston\", \"U.S. vs. UK\" and \"Le Monde\", with an encore. The act is named after Pixies' 1991 album \"Trompe le Monde\", and covers the album, along with their 1992 supporting tour with U2."], "answer": {"text": "Surfer Rosa (1988), Deal sang lead vocals on the album's only single, \"Gigantic", "answer_start": 798}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the pixies have to do with Kim Deal?", "answer": {"text": "Deal became the bassist and backing vocalist for Pixies in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what years were those", "answer": {"text": "January 1986,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "chops.\" Deal was the only person to call them, even though her main instrument was guitar.", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9da4adfe833c44d68b64342b7d57d4c5_0_q#4", "question": "did that single chart anywhere?", "rewrite": "Did their single Surfer Rosa chart anywhere?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["so I think now they are obliged to say that they're ok with it, but I honestly don't know that that idea would've ever come up if I hadn't done it. There are times when things like that are revealing and entertaining and I kind of felt it was a bit gimmicky on this record. \" Like \"Come On Pilgrim\", \"Surfer Rosa\" displays a mix of musical styles; pop guitar songs such as \"Broken Face\", \"Break My Body\", and \"Brick Is Red\" are featured alongside slower, more melodic tracks exemplified by \"Where Is My Mind?\". The album includes heavier material, and prominently features the band's trademark quiet-loud dynamic. Frontman and principal songwriter Black Francis wrote the material, the only exception being \"Gigantic,\" which was co-written with Kim Deal. \" Gigantic\" is one of only two Pixies album tracks on which Deal sang lead vocals. \"Surfer Rosa\"<nowiki>'</nowiki >s lyrical content includes examinations of mutilation and incest in \"Break My Body\" and \"Broken Face\", while references to superheroes appear on \"Tony's Theme\". Voyeurism appears in \"Gigantic\", and surrealistic lyrics are featured on \"Bone Machine\" and \"Where Is My Mind?\". Puerto Rico references and Spanish lyrics are found on the tracks \" Oh My Golly!\" and \"Vamos. \" The latter track was previously featured on \"Come On Pilgrim\", and appears on \"Surfer Rosa\" as a rerecorded version of the original song. Many of the themes explored on previous recordings are revisited on \"Surfer Rosa\"; however, unlike on the band's later albums, the songs in \"Surfer Rosa\" are not preoccupied with one overarching topic.", "In a less enthusiastic contemporary review for \"The Village Voice\", Robert Christgau found the band's guitar riffs recognizable and their strong rhythms unique, but felt they had been overrated by critics who hailed them as \"the Amerindie find of the year\". In a 2003 review of the Pixies' 2002 self-titled EP, Christgau wrote that while he initially found Francis' fey and philosophically limited lyrics somewhat annoying, \"Surfer Rosa\" now seemed \"audaciously funny and musically prophetic\". At the end of 1988, \"Surfer Rosa\" was named one of the year's best albums on English critics' year-end lists. Independent music magazines \"Melody Maker\" and \"Sounds\" named \"Surfer Rosa\" as their album of the year; \"NME\" and \"Record Mirror\" placed the album 10th and 14th, respectively. However, \"Surfer Rosa\" failed to appear on \"The Village Voice\"s Pazz & Jop, an annual poll of American critics. It also did not appear on any end-of-year list in the United States. A number of music magazines have since positioned \"Surfer Rosa\" as one of the quintessential alternative rock records of the 1980s. The album has appeared on several all-time best album lists, and is consistently placed as one of the best albums of the 1980s in any genre. As of 2015, sales in the United States have exceeded 705,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan. Both \"Surfer Rosa\" and Steve Albini's production of the album have been influential on alternative rock, and on grunge in particular. Nirvana's Kurt Cobain cited \"Surfer Rosa\" as the basis for \"Nevermind\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s songwriting.", "When he first heard the album, Cobain discovered a template for the mix of heavy noise and pop he was aiming to achieve. He remarked in 1992 that he \"heard songs off of \"Surfer Rosa\" that I'd written but threw out because I was too afraid to play them for anybody.\" Cobain hired Albini to produce Nirvana's 1993 album \" In Utero\", primarily due to his contribution to \"Surfer Rosa\". The Smashing Pumpkins' Billy Corgan described \"Surfer Rosa\" as \"the one that made me go, 'holy shit'. It was so fresh. It rocked without being lame. \" Corgan was impressed by the album's drum sound, and acknowledged that The Smashing Pumpkins used to study the record for its technical elements. Musician PJ Harvey said that \"Surfer Rosa\" \"blew my mind,\" and that she \"immediately went to track down Steve Albini.\" Cobain listed \"Surfer Rosa\" as number 2 of the top 50 albums he thought were most influential to Nirvana's sound in his journal in 1993. People connected with the band were impressed by the record. Ivo Watts-Russell recalled: \"I remember when I first heard \"Surfer Rosa\" thinking, 'I didn't know the Pixies could sound like The Fall.' That was my immediate reaction, in other words, incredibly raw.\" Gary Smith, who at the time was in a disagreement with the band, admitted he \"was really happy that they had made such a forceful, aggressive, record.\" Dinosaur Jr.'s J Mascis, comparing the record to the later Pixies albums \"Bossanova\" and \"Trompe le Monde\", said he thought that Steve Albini's production \"sounded way better than the other ones.\"", "Other unusual and offbeat subject matter is raised on the album. \"Cactus\" is narrated by a prison inmate who requests his girlfriend smear her dress with blood and mail it to him. \" Gigantic\" is an \"unabashed praisesong to a well-endowed black man,\" and borrows from the 1986 film \"Crimes of the Heart\", in which a married woman falls in love with a teenager. Francis was inspired to write \" Where Is My Mind?\" after scuba diving in the Caribbean. He later said he had \"this very small fish trying to chase me. I don't know why\u2014I don't know too much about fish behavior.\" \"Surfer Rosa\" was released in the UK by 4AD on March 21, 1988, entering the UK Indie Chart the following week. It spent 60 weeks in the chart, peaking at number 2. Until August of that year it was only available in the U.S. as an import. Although the label held worldwide distribution rights to Pixies, they did not have access to a distributor outside the UK. When 4AD signed a distribution deal with Rough Trade's U.S. branch, the album was released on vinyl and cassette as part of the \"Surfer Rosa /Come On Pilgrim\" release. While \"Surfer Rosa/Come On Pilgrim\" has remained in print on CD in the UK, subsequent U.S. releases have seen the two released on separate CDs. These separate releases first appeared in January 1992, when Elektra Records first reissued the band's first two albums. After 4AD reacquired rights to the band's U.S. distribution, they released both as separate CDs. \" Surfer Rosa\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2005, 17 years after its original release. \"Gigantic\" was the only single taken from \"Surfer Rosa\".", "Surfer Rosa Surfer Rosa is the debut studio album by the American alternative rock band Pixies, released in March 1988 on the British label 4AD. It was produced by Steve Albini. \"Surfer Rosa\" contains many of the elements of Pixies' earlier output, including Spanish lyrics and references to Puerto Rico. It includes references to mutilation and voyeurism alongside experimental recording techniques and a distinctive drum sound. As 4AD was an independent label, distribution in the United States was handled by British label Rough Trade Records; however, it failed to chart in either country. Only one single was released, a rerecorded version of \"Gigantic\", and reached number 93 on the UK Singles Chart. \" Surfer Rosa\" was rereleased in the US by Elektra Records in 1992, and in 2005 was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. \"Surfer Rosa\" is often included on critics' lists of the best rock albums. Alternative rock artists including Billy Corgan and PJ Harvey have cited it as an inspiration; it was an influence on Nirvana's 1991 album \"Nevermind\", and the band hired Albini to record their 1993 album \"In Utero\". Before the release of Pixies' debut mini-album \"Come On Pilgrim\" in October 1987, Ivo Watts-Russell, head of 4AD, suggested they return to the studio to record a full-length album. The original plan was to record new material at Fort Apache Studios, where the band had produced \"The Purple Tape\" and \"Come On Pilgrim\". However, due to differences between the band's manager Ken Goes and \"The Purple Tape\" producer Gary Smith, Pixies ended up looking for a new producer and recording studio."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did the pixies have to do with Kim Deal?", "answer": {"text": "Deal became the bassist and backing vocalist for Pixies in", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what years were those", "answer": {"text": "January 1986,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "were they successful?", "answer": {"text": "chops.\" Deal was the only person to call them, even though her main instrument was guitar.", "answer_start": 213, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they ever release an ablum", "answer": {"text": "Surfer Rosa (1988), Deal sang lead vocals on the album's only single, \"Gigantic", "answer_start": 798, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7b1fbfc279334b959d6e8c7f1e66a2db_1_q#0", "question": "What are the historical origins of the bretons?", "rewrite": "What are the historical origins of the bretons?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Danziger took up an appointment as Professor of Psychology at York University, Toronto, where he continued to work in social psychology. His publications from this time include a textbook, \"Socialization\" (Danziger, 1971) and a monograph, \"Interpersonal Communication\" (Danziger, 1976), which were translated into several languages. Danziger had a longstanding interest in the history of psychology and began intensive study of primary sources in the early 1970s. He became particularly interested in Wilhelm Wundt's work. Around the time of psychology's \"centennial\", marking the establishment of Wundt's laboratory in 1879, Danziger published a number of chapters and articles related to this topic (e.g. Danziger, 1979a). However, during the 1980s, he became increasingly interested in the history of psychological research methods (e.g. Danziger, 1985). This interest culminated in what is probably Danziger's best-known book,\"Constructing the Subject: Historical Origins of Psychological Research\" (Danziger, 1990). Danziger was also interested in the history of psychological concepts and categories, and in a later book, \"Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found Its Language\" (Danziger, 1997), he traced the historical origins of modern psychological concepts like \"behavior\", \"intelligence\", \"attitude\", \"personality\" and \"motivation\". He continued this line of work in his book, \"Marking the Mind: A History of Memory\" (Danziger, 2008). The book is a wide-ranging history of the concept from Ancient Greece to the present. Much of the book consists of what Danziger calls 'historical psychology'.", "In August 2008, BZH New York's president, Laurent Corbel, meets with the FC Lorient (aka \"Les Merlus\") and signed a sponsorship agreement with the French club. Named \"Merlus de New York\" to match its sponsor's nickname, this was the first Breton team in New York apart from Stade Breton. After FC Lorient's sponsorship, Stade Brestois NY was created in September 2011 from a partnership between BZH New York and another French Ligue 1 team, Stade Brestois 29. Stade Brestois NY, composed of Bretons and friends of Brittany, competed in soccer leagues within NYC. Therefore, in May 2012, whereas Stade Breton was on the verge of extinction, its soccer team was taken over by BZH New York, the cultural association of the Breton people settled in New York. Players from both Stade Breton and BZH New York's soccer section started playing in the same team in the Spring 2012 under the name of Stade Brestois New York. In New York, a megalopolis with a mix of nationalities, Bretons also celebrate their culture with BZH New York with thousands of members. The members come together regularly to share their origins, music and culture. The BZH NY, consisting mostly Bretons of New York, was founded in 2006. Their president Charles Kergaravat, a Breton American, created the Stade Brestois New York, saying \"Sport is a unifying element between people, a way to meet, to talk and to build bridges between our cultures. We are always in association with the Irish Networks in New York. \u00bb affirmed its young president. An ethnic and cultural relationship between Irish people and Bretons is the reason the soccer teams of both associations in the city playing against each other has turned into something like the match of the year for many.", "Sport in South Korea South Korea has traditional sports of its own, as well as sports from different cultures and countries. Taekwondo, a popular martial sport is often claimed to have historical origins on the Korean peninsula with origins said to have been traced as far back as the 1st century BCE. However, such historical claims are difficult to empirically verify and separate from the influences of neighboring counties. The sport rose to prominence following the end of Japanese occupation with the end of WWII. Formalized rules were established in 1961 and in 1988 the sport became an Olympic event. The name \"Taekwondo\" literally means \"way of foot and fist\", although the modern emphasis lies on the kicks. This may be a way to help legitimize the sport's connection to the traditional practice called Taekkyon, which originated in Korea during the Goguryeo period in the 4th century. Taekkyon uses hands and feet as well as any part of the body; though only open feet and open hands are allowed during competitions. The motions are smoother and more curvilinear than in Taekwondo. Although both disciplines start with the sound \"tae\" in English, there is no relationship. Although there is much controversy regarding the historical origins of many martial disciplines in South Korea, there is little question that, Koreanized or traditional in origin, Korean martial arts and sports have enjoyed considerable success. Styles such as Hapkido, Kuk Sool, Hwarangdo, Han Moo Do, Yudo, Kumdo, Goog-sool, and many others arose quickly out of an independent Korea and have spread to countries around the world. Although they are not as popular as Taekwondo, they each uniquely represent the Korean martial spirit which dates back to antiquity.", "Young Bretons Movement/ Ar Vretoned Yaouank The Young Bretons Movement, Breton Ar Vretoned Yaouank, is the youth section of the Breton Party. It was founded in March 2007. The YBM/AVY was launched officially at a Breton Party Congress in Blain, in March 2007. At the beginning, it was formed of a few members of the party willing to make actions and proposals specific to the youth. At their launch, the Young Bretons published the \u00ab Young Bretons Manifesto \u00bb, in which they denounce what they think are France\u2019s failures on the political, economical and cultural fields. They criticized the French attitude towards Europe and the failure of decentralization and public reforms in general, and called out to \u00ab emancipation \u00bb and reunification of Brittany, within a federal Europe. As the Breton Party, the YBM/AVY advocates a new approach to Breton issues, by emphasizing the European dimension of their ideas : they reject the idea of identity withdrawal and claim they want to simply exist as the other countries. The lead idea of the Manifesto is the point that in a European framework, which is the movement\u2019s reference, Brittany is a country like any other, and therefore must have the same political rights as Estonia, Slovenia or Ireland. In March 2008, for the city council elections, the Young Bretons publish a document called \u00ab It\u2019s now we must change things \u00bb, which summarizes their proposals on topics specific to youth such as housing or universities. They propose, among other items, to struggle against the building of secondary homes on the seaside, or to create a Breton university system which regroups universities and colleges, all this within the framework of Brittany as a member of the European Union. Beyond the institutional issues, the YBM/AVY mainly addresses the European, university and environment issues.", "The Celtic Revival also saw fairies established as a canonical part of Celtic cultural heritage. The English \"fairy\" derives from Old French form , a derivation from (from Vulgar Latin ) with the abstract noun suffix . In Old French romance, a or was a woman skilled in magic, and who knew the power and virtue of words, of stones, and of herbs. \"Fairy\" was used to represent: an illusion or enchantment; the land of the Faes; collectively the inhabitants thereof; an individual such as a fairy knight. Latinate \"fay\" is not related the (Germanic) \"fey\", meaning \"fated to die\", but some dictionaries do list \"fey\" as a kind of fairy. Various folklore traditions refer to fairies euphemistically as \"wee folk\", \"good folk\", \"people of peace\", \"fair folk\" (Welsh: ), etc. The term \"fairy\" is sometimes used to describe any magical creature, including goblins and gnomes, while at other times, the term describes only a specific type of ethereal creature or sprite. The concept of \"fairy\" in the narrower sense is unique to English folklore, later made diminutive in accordance with prevailing tastes of the Victorian era, as in \"fairy tales\" for children. Historical origins include various traditions of Brythonic (Bretons, Welsh, Cornish), Gaelic (Irish, Scots, Manx), and Germanic peoples, and of Middle French medieval romances. \" Fairie\" was used adjectivally, meaning \"enchanted\" (as in \"fairie knight\", \"fairie queene\"), but also became a generic term for various \"enchanted\" creatures during the Late Middle English period. Literature of the Elizabethan era conflated elves with the fairies of Romance culture, rendering these terms somewhat interchangeable."], "answer": {"text": "In the late 4th century, large numbers of British auxiliary troops in the Roman army may have been stationed in Armorica.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7b1fbfc279334b959d6e8c7f1e66a2db_1_q#1", "question": "what is reason to believe this?", "rewrite": "What is reason to believe the Bretons?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the initial engagement, a javelin assault forced Saxons to retreat behind the more heavily armoured Frankish line. The Franks were taken by surprise. Rather than engage in a mel\u00e9e, the Bretons harassed the heavily armed Franks from a distance, in a manner comparable to Parthian tactics, but with javelins rather than archers. They alternated furious charges, feints and sudden withdrawals, drawing out the Franks and encircling over-extended groups. After two days of this sort of fighting, Frankish losses in men and horses were mounting to catastrophic levels, while the Bretons suffered few casualties. With his force disintegrating, Charles withdrew from the field during the night. When his disappearance was noticed the following morning, panic seized the Frankish soldiers. The Bretons quickly raided the camp, taking booty and weapons and killing as many fugitives as they could. The battle redefined relations between Franks and Bretons. Charles the Bald agreed to meet Erispoe in Angers, on the outskirts of the now-extended territory of Brittany. In September 851 Erispoe submitted to Charles as Emperor, while receiving the title of king in return. According to the Annals of Saint-Bertin \"Erispoe, son of Nomino\u00eb from Charles, in the City of Angers submitted and received a gift of symbols of the monarchy that came from his father, adding also Rennais, Nantais and Retz.\" By the treaty, Erispoe remained in principle subject to Charles the Bald, but could now also see himself Charles's equal, able to use the title of \"rex\". Charles recognized the authority of Breton rulers over the areas around Rennes, Nantes and Pays de Retz, which had previously formed the Frankish \"Breton March\", a border zone.", "Variant of \"Alana\" include: \"Alanah\", \"Alanna\", \"Alannah\", and \"Allana\". Another feminine form is \"Alaina\", derived from the French \"Alain\"; a variant of this feminine name is \"Alayna\". A variant form of Alaina is \"Alaine\", although it can also be a variant form of the etymologically unrelated \"Elaine\". The name was brought to England by Bretons who took part in the Norman Invasion in the mid-11th century. Forms of the name were in use much earlier in what is today Brittany, France. An early figure who bore the name was St Alan, a 5th-century bishop of Quimper. This saint became a cult figure in the Brittany during the Middle Ages. Another early bearer of the name was St Alan, a 6th-century Cornish saint, who has a church dedicated to his memory in Cornwall (for example see St Allen, a civil parish in Cornwall named after this saint). Today the use of the given name (and its variants) is due to its popularity among the Bretons who imported the name to England, to Cornwall, and later to Ireland. The Bretons formed a significant part of William, Duke of Normandy's army at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. Later many Bretons were granted lands throughout William's freshly conquered kingdom. The most notable Breton Alan, Earl of Richmond, a cadet of the ducal house of Brittany, who was awarded with a large swath of lands in England - specifically lands in what is today Lincolnshire and East Anglia. The Breton character in many English counties can be traced through Breton personal names still in use in the 12th centuries. The name ranked 8th in popularity in Lincolnshire in the 12th century, where it was about even with \"Simon\" and more numerous than \"Henry\".", "In August 2008, BZH New York's president, Laurent Corbel, meets with the FC Lorient (aka \"Les Merlus\") and signed a sponsorship agreement with the French club. Named \"Merlus de New York\" to match its sponsor's nickname, this was the first Breton team in New York apart from Stade Breton. After FC Lorient's sponsorship, Stade Brestois NY was created in September 2011 from a partnership between BZH New York and another French Ligue 1 team, Stade Brestois 29. Stade Brestois NY, composed of Bretons and friends of Brittany, competed in soccer leagues within NYC. Therefore, in May 2012, whereas Stade Breton was on the verge of extinction, its soccer team was taken over by BZH New York, the cultural association of the Breton people settled in New York. Players from both Stade Breton and BZH New York's soccer section started playing in the same team in the Spring 2012 under the name of Stade Brestois New York. In New York, a megalopolis with a mix of nationalities, Bretons also celebrate their culture with BZH New York with thousands of members. The members come together regularly to share their origins, music and culture. The BZH NY, consisting mostly Bretons of New York, was founded in 2006. Their president Charles Kergaravat, a Breton American, created the Stade Brestois New York, saying \"Sport is a unifying element between people, a way to meet, to talk and to build bridges between our cultures. We are always in association with the Irish Networks in New York. \u00bb affirmed its young president. An ethnic and cultural relationship between Irish people and Bretons is the reason the soccer teams of both associations in the city playing against each other has turned into something like the match of the year for many.", "The first two kingdoms derive their names from the homelands of the migrating Britons (Devon and Cornwall). Bro Waroc'h (\"land of Waroch\") derives from the name of one of the first known Breton rulers, who dominated the region of Vannes (Gwened). The rulers of Domnonia such as Conomor sought to expand their territory (including holdings in British Devon and Cornwall), claiming overlordship over all Bretons, though there was constant tension between local lords. During the 9th century the Bretons resisted incorporation into the Frankish Carolingian Empire. The first unified Duchy of Brittany was founded by Nominoe. The Bretons made friendly overtures to the Danish Vikings to help contain Frankish expansionist ideas. When the Carolingian empire was divided in 843, Nominoe took advantage of the confusion to consolidate his territory. In alliance with Lambert II of Nantes and the Viking warlord Hastein, Nominoe's son Erispoe defeated the Franks at the Battle of Messac. In 845 the Breton army under Nominoe defeated the forces of Charles the Bald, King of West Francia (France), at the Battle of Ballon, in the eastern part of Brittany near Redon and the Frankish border. Nominoe gained control over the major towns of Rennes and Nantes, which had previously formed part of the Frankish border zone known as the \"Breton March\". Control over Rennes, Nantes and the Pays de Retz was secured when the Frankish army was defeated once again in 851 at the Battle of Jengland by the Bretons under Erispoe; consequently Charles the Bald recognised the independence of Brittany and determined the borders that defined the historic duchy and later province.", "Young Bretons Movement/ Ar Vretoned Yaouank The Young Bretons Movement, Breton Ar Vretoned Yaouank, is the youth section of the Breton Party. It was founded in March 2007. The YBM/AVY was launched officially at a Breton Party Congress in Blain, in March 2007. At the beginning, it was formed of a few members of the party willing to make actions and proposals specific to the youth. At their launch, the Young Bretons published the \u00ab Young Bretons Manifesto \u00bb, in which they denounce what they think are France\u2019s failures on the political, economical and cultural fields. They criticized the French attitude towards Europe and the failure of decentralization and public reforms in general, and called out to \u00ab emancipation \u00bb and reunification of Brittany, within a federal Europe. As the Breton Party, the YBM/AVY advocates a new approach to Breton issues, by emphasizing the European dimension of their ideas : they reject the idea of identity withdrawal and claim they want to simply exist as the other countries. The lead idea of the Manifesto is the point that in a European framework, which is the movement\u2019s reference, Brittany is a country like any other, and therefore must have the same political rights as Estonia, Slovenia or Ireland. In March 2008, for the city council elections, the Young Bretons publish a document called \u00ab It\u2019s now we must change things \u00bb, which summarizes their proposals on topics specific to youth such as housing or universities. They propose, among other items, to struggle against the building of secondary homes on the seaside, or to create a Breton university system which regroups universities and colleges, all this within the framework of Brittany as a member of the European Union. Beyond the institutional issues, the YBM/AVY mainly addresses the European, university and environment issues."], "answer": {"text": "The 9th-century Historia Brittonum states that the emperor Magnus Maximus, who withdrew Roman forces from Britain, settled his troops in the province.", "answer_start": 122}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the historical origins of the bretons?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 4th century, large numbers of British auxiliary troops in the Roman army may have been stationed in Armorica.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7b1fbfc279334b959d6e8c7f1e66a2db_1_q#2", "question": "what is the most important fact in this article?", "rewrite": "What is the most important fact in this article about Bretons?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In August 2008, BZH New York's president, Laurent Corbel, meets with the FC Lorient (aka \"Les Merlus\") and signed a sponsorship agreement with the French club. Named \"Merlus de New York\" to match its sponsor's nickname, this was the first Breton team in New York apart from Stade Breton. After FC Lorient's sponsorship, Stade Brestois NY was created in September 2011 from a partnership between BZH New York and another French Ligue 1 team, Stade Brestois 29. Stade Brestois NY, composed of Bretons and friends of Brittany, competed in soccer leagues within NYC. Therefore, in May 2012, whereas Stade Breton was on the verge of extinction, its soccer team was taken over by BZH New York, the cultural association of the Breton people settled in New York. Players from both Stade Breton and BZH New York's soccer section started playing in the same team in the Spring 2012 under the name of Stade Brestois New York. In New York, a megalopolis with a mix of nationalities, Bretons also celebrate their culture with BZH New York with thousands of members. The members come together regularly to share their origins, music and culture. The BZH NY, consisting mostly Bretons of New York, was founded in 2006. Their president Charles Kergaravat, a Breton American, created the Stade Brestois New York, saying \"Sport is a unifying element between people, a way to meet, to talk and to build bridges between our cultures. We are always in association with the Irish Networks in New York. \u00bb affirmed its young president. An ethnic and cultural relationship between Irish people and Bretons is the reason the soccer teams of both associations in the city playing against each other has turned into something like the match of the year for many.", "The first two kingdoms derive their names from the homelands of the migrating Britons (Devon and Cornwall). Bro Waroc'h (\"land of Waroch\") derives from the name of one of the first known Breton rulers, who dominated the region of Vannes (Gwened). The rulers of Domnonia such as Conomor sought to expand their territory (including holdings in British Devon and Cornwall), claiming overlordship over all Bretons, though there was constant tension between local lords. During the 9th century the Bretons resisted incorporation into the Frankish Carolingian Empire. The first unified Duchy of Brittany was founded by Nominoe. The Bretons made friendly overtures to the Danish Vikings to help contain Frankish expansionist ideas. When the Carolingian empire was divided in 843, Nominoe took advantage of the confusion to consolidate his territory. In alliance with Lambert II of Nantes and the Viking warlord Hastein, Nominoe's son Erispoe defeated the Franks at the Battle of Messac. In 845 the Breton army under Nominoe defeated the forces of Charles the Bald, King of West Francia (France), at the Battle of Ballon, in the eastern part of Brittany near Redon and the Frankish border. Nominoe gained control over the major towns of Rennes and Nantes, which had previously formed part of the Frankish border zone known as the \"Breton March\". Control over Rennes, Nantes and the Pays de Retz was secured when the Frankish army was defeated once again in 851 at the Battle of Jengland by the Bretons under Erispoe; consequently Charles the Bald recognised the independence of Brittany and determined the borders that defined the historic duchy and later province.", "Battle of Conquereuil The Battle of Conquereuil was fought on June 27, 992 AD between the Bretons under Conan I, Duke of Brittany and the Angevins under Fulk the Black. Duke Conan had the Breton city of Nantes under siege, when he learned that Fulk was marching with an army to relieve the city. Conan raised the siege and began marching his troops back in the direction of Rennes to face Fulk. Once he had realized that his army could not outrun Fulk, Conan halted at Conquereuil and prepared the battlefield, digging pits and ditches which were flooded by the water of nearby swamps and then hidden by covering them lightly with sod, and behind this prepared earthworks which had their flanks secured by the swamps. The Angevins attacked, and Breton troops lured the Angevin knights into the flooded pits by feigning flight. The Bretons then counterattacked and drove the Angevins back in disarray. The Bretons apparently considered the battle won, but this was premature. Fulk reorganized his army, attacked the Bretons again, and routed them, killing Conan in the process. Another version of the story suggests that the Breton counterattack was successful and drove the Angevins back in disarray. In the midst of a Breton pursuit, Conan removed his armour because it was hot, and some Angevin knights in a wood saw him, charged the unarmoured duke, and killed him, turning the battle decisively in the favor of the Angevins.", "In the initial engagement, a javelin assault forced Saxons to retreat behind the more heavily armoured Frankish line. The Franks were taken by surprise. Rather than engage in a mel\u00e9e, the Bretons harassed the heavily armed Franks from a distance, in a manner comparable to Parthian tactics, but with javelins rather than archers. They alternated furious charges, feints and sudden withdrawals, drawing out the Franks and encircling over-extended groups. After two days of this sort of fighting, Frankish losses in men and horses were mounting to catastrophic levels, while the Bretons suffered few casualties. With his force disintegrating, Charles withdrew from the field during the night. When his disappearance was noticed the following morning, panic seized the Frankish soldiers. The Bretons quickly raided the camp, taking booty and weapons and killing as many fugitives as they could. The battle redefined relations between Franks and Bretons. Charles the Bald agreed to meet Erispoe in Angers, on the outskirts of the now-extended territory of Brittany. In September 851 Erispoe submitted to Charles as Emperor, while receiving the title of king in return. According to the Annals of Saint-Bertin \"Erispoe, son of Nomino\u00eb from Charles, in the City of Angers submitted and received a gift of symbols of the monarchy that came from his father, adding also Rennais, Nantais and Retz.\" By the treaty, Erispoe remained in principle subject to Charles the Bald, but could now also see himself Charles's equal, able to use the title of \"rex\". Charles recognized the authority of Breton rulers over the areas around Rennes, Nantes and Pays de Retz, which had previously formed the Frankish \"Breton March\", a border zone.", "Young Bretons Movement/ Ar Vretoned Yaouank The Young Bretons Movement, Breton Ar Vretoned Yaouank, is the youth section of the Breton Party. It was founded in March 2007. The YBM/AVY was launched officially at a Breton Party Congress in Blain, in March 2007. At the beginning, it was formed of a few members of the party willing to make actions and proposals specific to the youth. At their launch, the Young Bretons published the \u00ab Young Bretons Manifesto \u00bb, in which they denounce what they think are France\u2019s failures on the political, economical and cultural fields. They criticized the French attitude towards Europe and the failure of decentralization and public reforms in general, and called out to \u00ab emancipation \u00bb and reunification of Brittany, within a federal Europe. As the Breton Party, the YBM/AVY advocates a new approach to Breton issues, by emphasizing the European dimension of their ideas : they reject the idea of identity withdrawal and claim they want to simply exist as the other countries. The lead idea of the Manifesto is the point that in a European framework, which is the movement\u2019s reference, Brittany is a country like any other, and therefore must have the same political rights as Estonia, Slovenia or Ireland. In March 2008, for the city council elections, the Young Bretons publish a document called \u00ab It\u2019s now we must change things \u00bb, which summarizes their proposals on topics specific to youth such as housing or universities. They propose, among other items, to struggle against the building of secondary homes on the seaside, or to create a Breton university system which regroups universities and colleges, all this within the framework of Brittany as a member of the European Union. Beyond the institutional issues, the YBM/AVY mainly addresses the European, university and environment issues."], "answer": {"text": "Bretons were the most prominent of the non-Norman forces in the Norman conquest of England.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the historical origins of the bretons?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 4th century, large numbers of British auxiliary troops in the Roman army may have been stationed in Armorica.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is reason to believe this?", "answer": {"text": "The 9th-century Historia Brittonum states that the emperor Magnus Maximus, who withdrew Roman forces from Britain, settled his troops in the province.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7b1fbfc279334b959d6e8c7f1e66a2db_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the Norman conquest, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["However, the Domesday Book of 1086 has no separate entry for Horton as it had been part of the manor of Beckley since before the Norman Conquest of England. Until the Norman conquest of England the manor of Beckley was one of many that belonged to Saxon Wigod, thegn of Wallingford. Thereafter ownership of Horton followed the same descent as that of Beckley. After the Norman conquest of England the Norman baron Robert D'Oyly acquired Wigod's estates by marriage and then passed a number of them to his brother-in-arms Roger d'Ivry. Beckley and Horton became part of the Honour of St Valery in the 12th century, were held by the Earls of Cornwall in the 13th century, Hugh le Despenser and then The Black Prince in the 14th century and the Crown in the 15th century. Beckley and Horton passed from Princess Elizabeth \"via\" Sir Walter Mildmay in 1550 to Sir John Williams, whose descendants were titled Baron Norreys from 1572 and Earl of Abingdon from 1682. Beckley and Horton were broken up into lots and sold by Viscount Bertie, son of Montagu Bertie, 7th Earl of Abingdon, in 1919. Before the Norman Conquest a man called Azor son of Toti, who held allegiance to Edith of Wessex, consort of Edward the Confessor, held the manor of \"Lesa\" or Ash. Azor also had the manors of Iffley in Oxfordshire and Lillingstone Lovell in Buckinghamshire, and other Oxfordshire landholdings at Chastleton and Marsh Baldon. The Domesday Book in 1086 recorded that Roger d'Ivry held the manor, which was assessed at two hides. Ash followed the same descent as Beckley and Horton until 1300, when they were estates of the Honour of St Valery.", "French migration to the United Kingdom French migration to the United Kingdom is a phenomenon that has occurred at various points in history. The Norman Conquest of England by William the Conqueror in 1066 resulted in the arrival of French aristocracy, while in the 16th and 17th centuries Protestant Huguenots fled religious persecution to East London. Other waves (but less likely to have put down permanent roots) are associated with monasticism, particularly post-conquest Benedictines and Cistercians, aristocracy fleeing the French Revolution, expulsion of religious orders by Third Republic France, and current economic migrants. The 2011 UK Census recorded 137,862 French-born people living in the UK. Almost half of these were resident in the capital, London. Many more British people have French ancestry. French remains the foreign language most learned by Britons. It has traditionally been spoken as a second language by the country's educated classes and its popularity is reinforced by the close geographical proximity between Great Britain and France. Much of the UK's medieval aristocracy was descended from Franco-Norman migrants to England from the time of the Norman Conquest. Prominent families of the period, include the Grosvenor family originally, \"Gros Veneur\" (in Norman) \"great hunter\": their influence can be found throughout central London with many roads, squares and buildings bearing their family names, such as Grosvenor Square and Grosvenor House. Ancestors of the Molyneux family, the Earls of Sefton who arrived in England around the time of the Norman Conquest, bore the name \"de Molines\": they came from Molineaux-sur-Seine, near Rouen, in Normandy where they resided in the Ch\u00e2teau de Robert-le-Diable also known as Ch\u00e2teau de Moulineaux. Other well known names are the Beauchamps (Beecham), Courtois and Le Mesurier.", "Norman conquest of southern Italy The Norman conquest of southern Italy lasted from 999 to 1139, involving many battles and independent conquerors. In 1130 these territories in southern Italy united as the Kingdom of Sicily, which included the island of Sicily, the southern third of the Italian Peninsula (except Benevento, which was briefly held twice), the archipelago of Malta and parts of North Africa. Itinerant Norman forces arrived in the Mezzogiorno as mercenaries in the service of Lombard and Byzantine factions, communicating news swiftly back home about opportunities in the Mediterranean. These groups gathered in several places, establishing fiefdoms and states of their own, uniting and elevating their status to \"de facto\" independence within fifty years of their arrival. Unlike the Norman conquest of England (1066), which took a few years after one decisive battle, the conquest of southern Italy was the product of decades and a number of battles, few decisive. Many territories were conquered independently, and only later were unified into a single state. Compared to the conquest of England, it was unplanned and disorganised, but equally complete. There is little evidence for Viking activity in Italy as a precursor to the arrival of the Normans in 999, but some raiding is recorded. Ermentarius of Noirmoutier and the Annals of St-Bertin provide contemporary evidence for Vikings based in Frankia proceeding to Iberia and thence to Italy around 860. Some modern scholars have connected this event with a much later account by the infamously unreliable Dudo of Saint-Quentin, who has a Viking fleet led by one Alstingus land at the Ligurian port of Luni and sacking the city.", "Norman conquest of England The Norman conquest of England (in Britain, often called the Norman Conquest or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French soldiers led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror. William's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford, but Godwinson's army defeated and killed Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Within days, William landed in southern England. Harold marched south to oppose him, leaving a significant portion of his army in the north. Harold's army confronted William's invaders on 14 October at the Battle of Hastings; William's force defeated Harold, who was killed in the engagement. Although William's main rivals were gone, he still faced rebellions over the following years and was not secure on his throne until after 1072. The lands of the resisting English elite were confiscated; some of the elite fled into exile. To control his new kingdom, William granted lands to his followers and built castles commanding military strongpoints throughout the land with the Domesday Book, a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales being completed by 1086. Other effects of the conquest included the court and government, the introduction of the Norman language as the language of the elites, and changes in the composition of the upper classes, as William enfeoffed lands to be held directly from the king.", "Frank Barlow summarised Freeman's qualifications to write such a history:  a good knowledge of languages, including Anglo-Saxon, and an interest in field archaeology and architecture, with the ability to sketch buildings and their features. He was much involved in politics and not unreasonably regarded participation in government as useful training for a historian\u2026Above all, he had tremendous zest. Marjorie Chibnall added that in his knowledge of medieval chronicles Freeman had no rival. As a set-off to this list Barlow noted Freeman's dogmatism, pugnacity and indifference to various subjects he considered irrelevant to his survey of 11th century England: theology, philosophy, and most of the arts. Freeman went on to publish a history of \"The Reign of William Rufus\" (1882), in two volumes. He also wrote a series of works on the Anglo-Saxon and Norman periods aimed at a popular readership: \"Old English History for Children\", a work he had had in mind since before he began the \"History of the Norman Conquest\", was published in 1869; \"A Short History of the Norman Conquest\" in 1880; and \"William the Conqueror\" in 1888. In 1974 J. W. Burrow produced an abridged edition of the \"History of the Norman Conquest of England\". Freeman was a man of deeply held convictions, which he expounded in the \"History of the Norman Conquest\" and other works with vigour and enthusiasm. These included the belief, common to many thinkers of his generation, in the superiority of those peoples that spoke Indo-European languages, especially the Greek, Roman and Germanic peoples, and in their genetic cousinhood; also in the purely Teutonic nature of the English nation."], "answer": {"text": "A number of Breton families were of the highest rank in the new society and were tied to the Normans by marriage.", "answer_start": 92}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the historical origins of the bretons?", "answer": {"text": "In the late 4th century, large numbers of British auxiliary troops in the Roman army may have been stationed in Armorica.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is reason to believe this?", "answer": {"text": "The 9th-century Historia Brittonum states that the emperor Magnus Maximus, who withdrew Roman forces from Britain, settled his troops in the province.", "answer_start": 122, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most important fact in this article?", "answer": {"text": "Bretons were the most prominent of the non-Norman forces in the Norman conquest of England.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#0", "question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "rewrite": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1949 he was transferred to the Nowshera Armored Corp and in 1950 joined Governor General's Body Guard as the First Adjutant when his uncle Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin K.C.I.E, C.I.E was the Governor General of Pakistan. In 1951 he returned to Dacca and served with the East Bengal Regiment in various parts of the country. In 1954 he was posted back to Rawalpindi and served with the 5th Regiment of the Armored Corp also known as the Probyns Horse regiment. He served between Rawalpindi and Manser Camp until 1959. His father Nawab Khwaja Habibullah Bahadur died on 21 November 1958 and Nawab Hasan Askari became the last Nawab of Dacca on 22 November 1958. The army then transferred him to East Pakistan and he simultaneously served at the army's recruiting office in Dacca. Due to a heart problem in 1961, Nawab Hasan Askari requested to resign from the army. He contested the 1962 elections and won a seat in the National Assembly of Pakistan. He was appointed minister of the provincial cabinet in East Pakistan with portfolios of communications, waterways and railways. He started the first rail car service in East Pakistan which was then followed in West Pakistan and is credited with having had started the work of the new railway system in Dacca. During the 1965 war he the Chief Warden of Dacca and was later appointed Warden General of East Pakistan. He was awarded the Hilal-e-Khidmat by the then President Major General Ayub Khan in the 1960s for his services to the nation. He was the President of the East Pakistan Muslim League until the liberation of Bangladesh. Khawaja Hasan Askari was the guardian of the various philanthropic institutions like the Nawab Salimullah Orphanage,", "Cruz never gave up and started to look better around the 8th and 9th rounds, forcing the action and closing the fight very strong. Many observers though that Salido deserved the victory because of the big lead that he built in the first 2 thirds of the fight. After winning two fights against lower level opponents, Salido avenged the defeat in a rematch in May 2010. Salido knocked down Cruz twice in the 2nd round and pressed the action pounding Cruz for the entire fight. The final scorecards read 117-109, 117-109, and 116-110, all in favour of Salido. With the win, Salido became a world champion for the first time, at the age of 30. On September 11, 2010, he faced WBA featherweight champion Yuriorkis Gamboa at the Palms Casino Resort in Paradise, Nevada in a unification bout. Salido lost a 12-round unanimous decision. The IBF title was only at stake for Gamboa as Salido was stripped of it prior to the fight due to weighing more than ten pounds over the weight limit at a second weigh-in on the morning of the event. Gamboa controlled much of the early rounds but was dropped in round 8. Gamboa returned the favour, knocking Salido down in the 12th round, but was docked 2 points for hitting Salido while he was on the canvas. The final scorecards read 116-109, 114-109, and 115-109, all for Gamboa. With the win, Gamboa became the first Cuban boxer to hold an IBF world title since the organizations inception. On April 16, 2011, Salido fought undefeated WBO featherweight champion Juan Manuel L\u00f3pez in Bayam\u00f3n, Puerto Rico. L\u00f3pez was a two-weight world champion, and had amassed seven consecutive defenses and a flawless 30-0 record.", "Khwaja Hassan Askari Nawab Major Khwaja Hassan Askari (21 August 1921 \u2013 9 August 1984), was the sixth and last Nawab of Dacca was born at the Ahsan Manzil Palace in Dhaka. He was the eldest son of Nawab Habibullah Bahadur and Shahryar Begum (the granddaughter of Nawab Khwaja Ahsanullah). He became the Nawab of Dhaka after his father's death in 1958. Nawab Hasan Askari was born on 21 August 1921. He completed his early education from the maktab at the Ahsan Manzil Palace and later joined the Muslim High School. His mother died when he was only ten years old after which he was sent to study at the Aligarh School and College from where he completed his B.A in 1940. At Aligarh he was part of the cricket team and the captain of riding club and was also the recipient of the Quaid-e-Azam Award, an honour that bestowed upon him during Quaid-e-Azam's visit to Aligarh University. He graduated from Aligarh University in 1942 and joined the British Indian Army in 1944 as a commissioned officer. He then went on to join the 7th Cavalry Regiment Armored Corps and took part in action on the Burma Front against Japanese. He left the British Indian army after being injured in a battle in Burma. He joined Pakistan army after partition of India in 1948. In 1946 he was engaged to Bilquis Shehzadi, daughter of Nawab Hafeezuddin Khan of the State of Surat. He was married in 1948 in Hyderabad where they were the guests of the Nizam of Hyderabad and the bridal party stayed in one of their palaces. They have one daughter and four sons. Nawab Hasan Askari served in the East Bengal Regiment.", "One daughter of Syed Chajju was married to Syed Abdul Wajid Risaldar of Syed Sarai, Rewari. Syed Mohammad Ashraf Risaldar was his son. Syed Mohammad Ashraf had two sons Syed Yusuf Ali Khan and Syed Saeed Ali Khan. Syed Yusuf Ali Khan had one son Syed Hasan Askari Khan while Syed Saeed Ali Khan had two sons Syed Ahmad Hussain Khan and Syed Qasim Hussain Khan. Syed Yusuf Ali Khan's one Diwan (poetry) in Urdu is extant in the library of Raza Library, Rampur and another Diwan (poetry) in Hindi vernacular is extant in the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, Patna. In the book, \u2018Tarikh-i Mohammadi \u2018 his name is mentioned as one of the important Emirs during the reign of Mohammad Azam Shah. Syed Yusuf Ali Khan was first married to Sharfun Nisan daughter of Ghulam Hussain (brother of Kartalab Khan Qazi Ghulam Mustafa) and had one daughter (married to Syed Mohammad Jalal). With second wife, Syed Hasan Askari Khan was born. Noorullah was the son of Qazi Ghulam Murtaza, and married to Kafia, sister of Mirza Salar Beg ibn Allah Dost Beg (brother Diwan Idris Mohammad). The brother of Qazi Abdul Baqi Abdul Hadi was employed in army. Bibi Ruqaiya had two sons Mohammad Akram and Mohammad Mukram. Mohammad Akram was married to the daughter of Qazi Badruddin ibn Qazi Ghulam Mohiuddin. Qazi Ghulam Mohiuddin like his father Qazi Abdul Baqi got the Firman (decree) sealed by \u2018Sadr Sadoor Rizvi Khan\u2019, he was awarded Sanad of Qadaa.", "Hasan Askari (writer) Muhammad Hasan Askari () (1919 \u2013 18 January 1978) was a Pakistani scholar, literary critic, writer and linguist of modern Urdu language. Initially \"Westernized\", he translated western literary, philosophical and metaphysical work into Urdu, notably classics of American, English, French and Russian literature. But in his later years, through personal experiences, geopolitical changes and the influence of authors like Ren\u00e9 Gu\u00e9non, and traditional scholars of India towards more latter part of his life, like Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi, he became a notable critic of the West and proponent of Islamic culture and ideology. Muhammad Hasan Askari was born on 5 November 1919 in a village in Bulandshahr, in western Uttar Pradesh, British India, to a \"traditional, middle-class\" Muslim family, in a cultured milieu where youngsters used to read the Qur'an as well as classics of Persian literature like Hafez and Saadi. His grandfather, Maulvi Husamuddin, was a scholar, while his father, Muhammad Moinul Haq, worked as an accountant in the nearby Shikarpur. He was the eldest of six children. He joined Allahabad University as an undergraduate in 1938 and earned a Master of Arts degree in English literature in 1942. After completing his education, he joined All India Radio, Delhi. For a brief period around 1944-1946, he also taught English literature at Meerut College. For years, he struggled to find a permanent job in Delhi, and as per his brother that might have pushed him to move to the newly forme state of Pakistan but the decisive factor was the civil strife and riots which followed the Partition, and in October of 1947, he reached Lahore all alone, asking his mother and siblings to also abandon Meerut."], "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#1", "question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "rewrite": "What was the outcome to the The Cult lawsuit in 1991-1994?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cruz never gave up and started to look better around the 8th and 9th rounds, forcing the action and closing the fight very strong. Many observers though that Salido deserved the victory because of the big lead that he built in the first 2 thirds of the fight. After winning two fights against lower level opponents, Salido avenged the defeat in a rematch in May 2010. Salido knocked down Cruz twice in the 2nd round and pressed the action pounding Cruz for the entire fight. The final scorecards read 117-109, 117-109, and 116-110, all in favour of Salido. With the win, Salido became a world champion for the first time, at the age of 30. On September 11, 2010, he faced WBA featherweight champion Yuriorkis Gamboa at the Palms Casino Resort in Paradise, Nevada in a unification bout. Salido lost a 12-round unanimous decision. The IBF title was only at stake for Gamboa as Salido was stripped of it prior to the fight due to weighing more than ten pounds over the weight limit at a second weigh-in on the morning of the event. Gamboa controlled much of the early rounds but was dropped in round 8. Gamboa returned the favour, knocking Salido down in the 12th round, but was docked 2 points for hitting Salido while he was on the canvas. The final scorecards read 116-109, 114-109, and 115-109, all for Gamboa. With the win, Gamboa became the first Cuban boxer to hold an IBF world title since the organizations inception. On April 16, 2011, Salido fought undefeated WBO featherweight champion Juan Manuel L\u00f3pez in Bayam\u00f3n, Puerto Rico. L\u00f3pez was a two-weight world champion, and had amassed seven consecutive defenses and a flawless 30-0 record.", "Hasan Askari (writer) Muhammad Hasan Askari () (1919 \u2013 18 January 1978) was a Pakistani scholar, literary critic, writer and linguist of modern Urdu language. Initially \"Westernized\", he translated western literary, philosophical and metaphysical work into Urdu, notably classics of American, English, French and Russian literature. But in his later years, through personal experiences, geopolitical changes and the influence of authors like Ren\u00e9 Gu\u00e9non, and traditional scholars of India towards more latter part of his life, like Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi, he became a notable critic of the West and proponent of Islamic culture and ideology. Muhammad Hasan Askari was born on 5 November 1919 in a village in Bulandshahr, in western Uttar Pradesh, British India, to a \"traditional, middle-class\" Muslim family, in a cultured milieu where youngsters used to read the Qur'an as well as classics of Persian literature like Hafez and Saadi. His grandfather, Maulvi Husamuddin, was a scholar, while his father, Muhammad Moinul Haq, worked as an accountant in the nearby Shikarpur. He was the eldest of six children. He joined Allahabad University as an undergraduate in 1938 and earned a Master of Arts degree in English literature in 1942. After completing his education, he joined All India Radio, Delhi. For a brief period around 1944-1946, he also taught English literature at Meerut College. For years, he struggled to find a permanent job in Delhi, and as per his brother that might have pushed him to move to the newly forme state of Pakistan but the decisive factor was the civil strife and riots which followed the Partition, and in October of 1947, he reached Lahore all alone, asking his mother and siblings to also abandon Meerut.", "Syed Hasan Askari Syed Hasan Askari (born April 10, 1901 in Khujwa, Saran District, Bihar, India) was an Indian historian. His literary work was recognized by the Indian government and focused on medieval Sufism, the regional history of Bihar, and aspects of cultural history of medieval India. He authored, edited and translated more than 250 articles, research papers, forewords, prefaces, and book reviews, which have been awarded by the Indian government and published in multiple journals, books and proceedings. Askari awarded the title of \"Khan Saheb\" by the British Indian Government in 1945. Askari was presented the <nowiki>\"</nowiki>Ghalib Award<nowiki>\"</nowiki> in 1974 by his Excellency Fakhruhddin Ali Ahmad, the then President of India. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy presented  the <nowiki>\"President's Certificate of Honor\"</nowiki> to Askari, in 1978. Gyani Zail Singh, awarded \"Padma Shri'' to Askari in 1985. In 1967, Magadh University, Bihar, conferred upon Askari the degree of D. LITT (HONORIS CAUSA) In 1984, Patna University, Bihar, conferred upon Askari the degree of D. LITT (HONORIS CAUSA).", "In 1949 he was transferred to the Nowshera Armored Corp and in 1950 joined Governor General's Body Guard as the First Adjutant when his uncle Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin K.C.I.E, C.I.E was the Governor General of Pakistan. In 1951 he returned to Dacca and served with the East Bengal Regiment in various parts of the country. In 1954 he was posted back to Rawalpindi and served with the 5th Regiment of the Armored Corp also known as the Probyns Horse regiment. He served between Rawalpindi and Manser Camp until 1959. His father Nawab Khwaja Habibullah Bahadur died on 21 November 1958 and Nawab Hasan Askari became the last Nawab of Dacca on 22 November 1958. The army then transferred him to East Pakistan and he simultaneously served at the army's recruiting office in Dacca. Due to a heart problem in 1961, Nawab Hasan Askari requested to resign from the army. He contested the 1962 elections and won a seat in the National Assembly of Pakistan. He was appointed minister of the provincial cabinet in East Pakistan with portfolios of communications, waterways and railways. He started the first rail car service in East Pakistan which was then followed in West Pakistan and is credited with having had started the work of the new railway system in Dacca. During the 1965 war he the Chief Warden of Dacca and was later appointed Warden General of East Pakistan. He was awarded the Hilal-e-Khidmat by the then President Major General Ayub Khan in the 1960s for his services to the nation. He was the President of the East Pakistan Muslim League until the liberation of Bangladesh. Khawaja Hasan Askari was the guardian of the various philanthropic institutions like the Nawab Salimullah Orphanage,", "One daughter of Syed Chajju was married to Syed Abdul Wajid Risaldar of Syed Sarai, Rewari. Syed Mohammad Ashraf Risaldar was his son. Syed Mohammad Ashraf had two sons Syed Yusuf Ali Khan and Syed Saeed Ali Khan. Syed Yusuf Ali Khan had one son Syed Hasan Askari Khan while Syed Saeed Ali Khan had two sons Syed Ahmad Hussain Khan and Syed Qasim Hussain Khan. Syed Yusuf Ali Khan's one Diwan (poetry) in Urdu is extant in the library of Raza Library, Rampur and another Diwan (poetry) in Hindi vernacular is extant in the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, Patna. In the book, \u2018Tarikh-i Mohammadi \u2018 his name is mentioned as one of the important Emirs during the reign of Mohammad Azam Shah. Syed Yusuf Ali Khan was first married to Sharfun Nisan daughter of Ghulam Hussain (brother of Kartalab Khan Qazi Ghulam Mustafa) and had one daughter (married to Syed Mohammad Jalal). With second wife, Syed Hasan Askari Khan was born. Noorullah was the son of Qazi Ghulam Murtaza, and married to Kafia, sister of Mirza Salar Beg ibn Allah Dost Beg (brother Diwan Idris Mohammad). The brother of Qazi Abdul Baqi Abdul Hadi was employed in army. Bibi Ruqaiya had two sons Mohammad Akram and Mohammad Mukram. Mohammad Akram was married to the daughter of Qazi Badruddin ibn Qazi Ghulam Mohiuddin. Qazi Ghulam Mohiuddin like his father Qazi Abdul Baqi got the Firman (decree) sealed by \u2018Sadr Sadoor Rizvi Khan\u2019, he was awarded Sanad of Qadaa."], "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#2", "question": "Was Ceremony successful?", "rewrite": "Was The Cult's Ceremony successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["MAALA initially released the singles \"Touch\" and \"In the AIr\", followed by a self-titled EP. In July 2015, \"Touch\" was long-listed for the 2015 Silver Scroll award, credited to Sinton and the song's co-writers Jaden Parkes and Josh Fountain. In 2016, the single \"Kind of Love\" was released, followed by MAALA's debut album, \"Composure\". Later in 2016, MAALA was nominated for four New Zealand Music Awards, and won Best Male Solo Artist.  !scope=\"col\"|", "Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia (; abbreviated FSM and also known simply as Micronesia) is an independent republic associated with the United States. It consists of four states from west to east, Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosraethat are spread across the Western Pacific Ocean. Together, the states comprise around 607 islands (a combined land area of approximately ) that cover a longitudinal distance of almost just north of the equator. They lie northeast of New Guinea, south of Guam and the Marianas, west of Nauru and the Marshall Islands, east of Palau and the Philippines, about north of eastern Australia and some southwest of the main islands of Hawaii. While the FSM's total land area is quite small, it occupies more than of the Pacific Ocean, giving the country the 14th largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world. The sovereign island nation's capital is Palikir, located on Pohnpei Island, while the largest city is Weno, located in the Chuuk Atoll. Each of its four states is centered on one or more main high islands, and all but Kosrae include numerous outlying atolls. The Federated States of Micronesia is spread across part of the Caroline Islands in the wider region of Micronesia, which consists of thousands of small islands divided among several countries. The term \"Micronesia\" may refer to the Federated States or to the region as a whole. The FSM was formerly a part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI), a United Nations Trust Territory under U.S. administration, but it formed its own constitutional government on May 10, 1979, becoming a sovereign state after independence was attained on November 3, 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States.", "Outline of the Federated States of Micronesia The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Micronesia: The Federated States of Micronesia \u2013 island nation located in the North Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea. The country is a sovereign state in free association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia were formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a United Nations Trust Territory under US administration. In 1979 they adopted a constitution, and in 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and dependence on U.S. aid. The Federated States of Micronesia are located in the region known as Micronesia, which consists of hundreds of small islands divided in seven territories. The term \"Micronesia\" may refer to the Federated States or to the region as a whole, even though the lack of a central government makes it a sovereign group of states, not a country. Geography of the Federated States of Micronesia    Regions of the Federated States of Micronesia  List of ecoregions in the Federated States of Micronesia None   Demographics of the Federated States of Micronesia  Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia  Government of the Federated States of Micronesia Court system of the Federated States of Micronesia Foreign relations of the Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia is a member of:  Law of the Federated States of Micronesia  Military of the Federated States of Micronesia Local government in the Federated States of Micronesia History of the Federated States of Micronesia  Culture of the Federated States of Micronesia   Sports in the Federated States of Micronesia Economy of the Federated States of Micronesia  Education in the Federated States of Micronesia", "Borden Island Borden Island is an uninhabited, low-lying island in the Queen Elizabeth Islands of northern Canada. With an area of in size, long and wide, it is the 171st largest island in the world, and Canada's 30th largest island. It lies north of Mackenzie King Island and is similarly split between the Northwest Territories (larger portion) and Nunavut, with the border running along the 110th meridian west. The first known sighting of the island was by Vilhjalmur Stefansson in 1916, it was originally described as a single landmass. However, in 1947, during an aerial survey by the Royal Canadian Air Force the island was found to be two islands divided by Wilkins Strait. The island is named for Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada 1911\u20131920.", "The natural beauty of the Sunshine Coast soon attracted tourists, who arrived at the wharves at Trail Bay via steamship. The construction of the original provincial highway in 1952, Highway 101, now also known as Sunshine Coast Highway, and the accompanying commencement of ferry service to Horseshoe Bay (near Vancouver) and Powell River (hence to Vancouver Island) accelerated tourism and residential growth, which continues today. . According to Statistics Canada, most residents of the municipality are over 45; and, indeed, Sechelt has become increasingly attractive to retirees from across Canada. Perhaps as a result, new upscale subdivisions and smaller residential developments have grown significantly in recent years. Statistics Canada recorded the population of Sechelt as 10,200 in 2016 which is a 10% growth from the previous 2011 census. The village itself, the original locus of Sechelt, includes Clayton's Heritage Market (a grocery store named after its pioneering family owners) in Trail Bay Mall. A new public library with municipal hall opened in 1997, and a combined provincial courthouse and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) building, and a public recreation aquatic centre serving Sechelt and the surrounding area, have also been completed since that time. Immediately to the east of the downtown village are the Sechelt or s\"hishalh\" First Nation Band Lands, containing a shopping centre, movie theatre, museum, gift shop and one of the largest open-pit gravel quarries in North America. Other Sechelt area landmarks include:   Like other parts of the Sunshine Coast, Sechelt is known for its natural beauty, and is a popular destination for outdoor activities that include kayaking, diving, snowshoeing and skiing, hiking and backpacking, camping and mountain biking. There is an 18-hole public golf course, and a number of small marinas are available around Sechelt Inlet."], "answer": {"text": "The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses.", "answer_start": 467}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#3", "question": "Did they release any singles from that album?", "rewrite": "Did The Cult release any singles from the album Ceremony?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1991, Astbury and Duffy were writing again for their next album. During the demo recordings, Todd Hoffman and James Kottak played bass and drums respectively. During the actual album recording sessions, Curry was recruited again to play drums, with Charley Drayton on bass, and various other performers. Astbury and Duffy's working relationship had disintegrated by that time, with the two men reportedly rarely even being in the studio together during recording. The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses. The album climbed to US No. 34, but sales were not as impressive as the previous three records, only selling around one million copies worldwide. Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50), although \"White\" was released as a single only in Canada, \"Sweet Salvation\" was released as a single (as \"Dulce Salvacion\") in Argentina in 1992, and the title track \"Ceremony\" was released in Spain. The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992. In 1991 the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993, packaged with some vinyl UK copies of their first greatest hits release. Only a handful of CD copies of it were ever manufactured originally, however it was subsequently reissued on CD in 1999. An incomplete bootleg video of this show is also in circulation. The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony, for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image. This image of the boy is also burned in the video for \"Wild Hearted Son\".", "In 1991, Astbury and Duffy were writing again for their next album. During the demo recordings, Todd Hoffman and James Kottak played bass and drums respectively. During the actual album recording sessions, Curry was recruited again to play drums, with Charley Drayton on bass, and various other performers. Astbury and Duffy's working relationship had disintegrated by that time, with the two men reportedly rarely even being in the studio together during recording. The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses. The album climbed to US No. 34, but sales were not as impressive as the previous three records, only selling around one million copies worldwide. Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50), although \"White\" was released as a single only in Canada, \"Sweet Salvation\" was released as a single (as \"Dulce Salvacion\") in Argentina in 1992, and the title track \"Ceremony\" was released in Spain. The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992. In 1991 the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993, packaged with some vinyl UK copies of their first greatest hits release. Only a handful of CD copies of it were ever manufactured originally, however it was subsequently reissued on CD in 1999. An incomplete bootleg video of this show is also in circulation. The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony, for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image. This image of the boy is also burned in the video for \"Wild Hearted Son\".", "Ruth Radelet Ruth Radelet (born April 28, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. She is best known for her work as the lead vocalist in the electronic band Chromatics, formed in 2001. A native of Portland, Oregon, Radelet joined Chromatics in 2004 after the band relocated to Portland from Seattle, Washington. The band's first album to feature Radelet as vocalist and guitarist was their cult release \"Night Drive\" (2007), the record which marked a notable shift in their sound, incorporating elements of synth pop and post punk. Radelet also appeared with Chromatics in the Showtime series revival of \"Twin Peaks\" (2017). Radelet was born in Portland, Oregon. She was raised in Portland and spent several years living on the Oregon coast. Radelet joined Chromatics in 2004 with Adam Miller, Nat Walker, and Johnny Jewel, releasing \"Night Drive\" in 2007. Radelet provided contributions to Symmetry's debut album, \"Themes For An Imaginary Film\" (2011). Chromatics' follow-up album to \"Night Drive\" was \"Kill for Love\", released the following year. The band was invited to perform at the Chanel show by Karl Lagerfeld in 2012. Radelet appeared with Chromatics in the Showtime 2017 revival of \"Twin Peaks\". Radelet has cited folk and country artists such as Bob Dylan, Kris Kristofferson, and Tom Waits as influences, as well as new wave bands such as New Order. She has also cited films as an influence on her music, including work by directors Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorsese, and Brian De Palma.", "58 in the UK Singles Chart in August 2003. The Futureheads released their self-titled debut album in September 2004 on 679 recordings. Five of the tracks were produced by Andy Gill of Gang of Four. The rest of the album was produced by Paul Epworth. The song \"Decent Days and Nights\" from the album was featured in the video game soundtrack to \"\" on PlayStation 2 and Xbox as well as EA's \"Rugby 2005\". On 21 February 2005, \"Hounds of Love\", a cover of a Kate Bush song, was released as a single. It reached number eight in the UK Singles Chart in its first week, and was named Best Single of 2005 by \"NME\". The band toured the United States and later supported the Pixies, Foo Fighters and Snow Patrol. They performed at BBC Radio One's One Big Weekend, held in their home town of Sunderland over the weekend of 7\u20138 May 2005. On 8 May 2005 Sunderland A.F.C. picked up the Championship trophy. In tribute, the Futureheads performed a set live at the Stadium of Light as pre-match entertainment. The stand-alone EP, \"Area\" was released in November 2005 while the band was working on their second album \"News and Tributes\" (name inspired by the Munich air disaster in 1958), which, according to \"NME\" in February 2006, took only five weeks to produce. The first single from the album was \"Skip to the End\" released on 15 May. The album \"News and Tributes\" was first released on 29 May 2006. The band became disillusioned with major label music business and being under contract, and were released by 679 Recordings. Hyde said: \"we were desperate to get out of the record deal, they could easily have kept us and made us try and make more records", "Emily Virgin Emily Virgin (born October 1, 1986) is an American politician who is the Minority Leader of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, She previously served as House Democratic Caucus Chair. She was first elected in 2011 at the age of 25, and represents the 44th district, which includes Norman, Oklahoma. Virgin completed an undergraduate degree in criminology and political science at the University of Oklahoma in 2009. Virgin was elected to the House while attending law school at the University of Oklahoma, from which she earned her J.D. in 2013. In 2011, she won election to the House against Kent Hunt, a self-employed lawn care professional. At the time she was the youngest representative in the Democratic caucus, at 25 years old, although two younger Republicans were elected that same year. She campaigned on improving education in Oklahoma and fighting education cuts. She has stated that she had been interested in public service from a young age. She did not expect to start a political career so early, but she decided to run when her home seat became open due to term limits on the incumbent. In 2015, the Oklahoma Legislature considered a religious freedom bill that would allow businesses to refuse services to individuals based on the business owner's religious beliefs, mainly in reference to bakers and photographers opposed to same-sex marriage. Virgin gained notice for proposing an amendment that would require the businesses to publicly post a notice specifying what classes of patrons they would refuse services to, in an attempt to derail the bill. The bill stalled the following week. In May 2017, Virgin was elected House Democratic Caucus Chair; her term was to start the following year. As of 2017, Virgin is on the Appropriations and Budget Committee, Higher Education and Career Tech Committee, Judiciary \u2013 Civil and Environmental Committee, and Public Safety Committee. On November 15th, 2018, Virgin was named the Minority Leader for the Oklahoma House of Representatives."], "answer": {"text": "Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50),", "answer_start": 675}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Ceremony successful?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses.", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#4", "question": "What interesting facts can you tell me about the Ceremony Album", "rewrite": "What interesting facts can you tell me about the Ceremony Album by The Cult?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Battle of Bornos (1812) The Battle of Bornos on 31 May 1812, saw a Spanish force led by Francisco Ballesteros attack an Imperial French division under Nicolas Fran\u00e7ois Conroux. Though the Spanish achieved surprise, the outnumbered French soldiers fought back and drove off their assailants. The Spanish suffered losses considerably higher than the French. Bornos is located on Route 342 about northeast of Jerez de la Frontera. The battle occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. In March 1812, General of Division Nicolas Fran\u00e7ois Conroux held the town with a division of 5,445 men in eight battalions plus attached artillery. Francisco Ballesteros left Gibraltar in early May and marched toward Bornos. Covered by a fog, the Spanish troops attacked the town and gained an initial advantage. However, Conroux was able to rally his troops and began launching a series of counterattacks. The French troops included the 9th Light and 96th Line Infantry Regiments, the 5th Chasseurs \u00e0 Cheval Regiment, and a squadron of the 2nd Chasseurs \u00e0 Cheval. At length, Conroux was able to defeat Ballesteros, capturing 600 Spanish soldiers, four cannons, and two colors. Historian Digby Smith listed the French units as two battalions each of the 9th Light and 96th Line, one battalion of the 16th Light, and the 5th Chasseurs \u00e0 Cheval for a total of 4,500 men. He noted that Ballesteros lost 1,500 casualties and four cannons out of a total force of 8,500 troops. David Gates wrote that the French lost about 500 casualties and agreed with Smith that Conroux's men inflicted total losses of about 1,500 on their enemies. An earlier Battle of Bornos occurred on 5 November 1811. Three French columns were unsuccessful in an attempt to trap a Spanish force led by Ballesteros.", "Now I Know (newsletter) Now I Know is a daily email newsletter about trivia written by Dan Lewis. Described as \"a newer, less snarky iteration of Cecil Adams\u2019 The Straight Dope,\" it has been running since 2010 with over 100,000 subscribers as of 2018. The newsletter won a Webby Award for email newsletters in 2013 and 2014. Lewis credits his success to his engagement with his community, claiming he replies to nearly every email sent to him. He also notes his Jewish background saying \"[T]here's an oral tradition in Judaism to explain and analyze things\" which is the general theme of his newsletter which uses seemingly obscure facts to tell a bigger story. The newsletter has been turned into two books, \" Now I Know: The Revealing Stories Behind the World \u2019s Most Interesting Facts\" and \"Now I Know More: The Revealing Stories Behind Even More of the World's Most Interesting Facts. \" The newsletter is also being expanded to a YouTube series featuring Matt Silverman. Topics in the newsletter range from to topical coverage such as the history of collect calling in the United States, to where the fear of poisoned Halloween candy comes from. Lewis is a lawyer and co-founder of ArmchairGM, which was purchased by Wikia. He was an early blogger and is currently the Senior Director of Digital Marketing at Sesame Workshop where he used to tweet for Big Bird and started most of Sesame Street's social media accounts. Lewis was also the Connecticut State Magic the Gathering Champion in 1997.", "Francisco Ballesteros Francisco Ballesteros (1770 in Zaragoza \u2013 June 29, 1832 in Paris) emerged as a career Spanish General during the Peninsular War. Ballasteros served against the First French Republic in the 1793 War of the Pyrenees. He was dismissed from his post for lack of service in 1804 until Prime Minister Godoy rehabilitated him and assigned him to customs in Asturias. Following the French invasion of 1808, Ballasteros took command of a regiment from the \"Junta General del Principado de Asturias\" and attached himself to the Army of Galicia under Blake and Casta\u00f1os. After Napoleon's defeat of the Spanish popular armies and the subsequent French invasion of Andalusia, Ballasteros carried on operations against Marshal Soult in the south of Spain. With Blake and Zayas, he commanded the Spanish divisions that resisted every blow at the Battle of Albuera. His forces liberated M\u00e1laga in August 1812. On October 12, 1812, unwilling to accept a foreigner (Wellington) as supreme commander of the Spanish Army, Ballasteros mutinied and was imprisoned in Ceuta, on the North African coast. When the liberal revolution broke out in 1820, he was called back to Madrid, where on March 7 he surrounded the royal palace and forced King Ferdinand VII of Spain to sign the Spanish Constitution of 1812. He became vice-president of the \"junta provisional\", closing many prisons of the Holy Inquisition and restoring municipal rights. On July 7, 1822, Ballesteros defeated the Royal Guards, preventing a coup against the Constitution. For this he was named Captain General of Madrid. In 1823 he fought the French invasion under Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angoul\u00eame in Navarra and Arag\u00f3n, but he had to capitulate on August 21, 1823 in Caporla. On October 1, 1823 Fernando VII started his campaign of repression against all who had supported the constitutional government.", "In May 2019, Caine was cast in Christopher Nolan's \"Tenet\", set for release in July 2020. Caine is regarded as a British cultural icon, with Mairi Mackay of CNN stating: \"Michael Caine has been personifying British cool since the swinging sixties. He has brought some of British cinema's most iconic characters to life and introduced his very own laid-back cockney gangster into pop culture. He doggedly retained a regional accent at a time when the plummy tones of Received Pronunciation were considered obligatory. It is a sweet irony that his accent has become his calling card.\" With his distinctive voice and manner of speaking, Caine is a popular subject for impersonators and mimics. Most Caine impressions include the catchphrase \"Not a lot of people know that. \" The catchphrase emanates from Caine's habit of informing people of obscure \"interesting facts\" that he has collected. Referring to Caine as being the \"biggest mine of useless information\", Peter Sellers initiated the catchphrase when he appeared on BBC1's \"Parkinson\" show on 28 October 1972 and said:  Over the years Caine himself had parodied the phenomenon, both his catchphrase and his \"interesting facts\", and has imitated others' impressions of him. In an interview with Michael Parkinson in 2007, Caine commented on the impersonations of his voice, \"I can do it. ' Hello. My name is Michael Caine. Not many people know that.' I sound like a bloody moron. You know where they've got me now? On birthday cards. ' It's your birthday today. Not many people know that'. Now they've got me on Satellite navigation. It's me going, 'take the second turn on the right, and you'll wind up right in the shit.'", "Battle of Bornos (1811) The Battle of Bornos on 5 November 1811 saw a Spanish force led by Francisco Ballesteros attack an Imperial French column under Jean-Baptiste Pierre de Semell\u00e9. The action was part of a larger operation in which the French tried to trap Ballesteros but failed. Instead, the Spanish general lashed out at one of the French columns. The French escaped disaster when they fought their way out, but a French-allied Spanish battalion either surrendered or switched sides. Bornos is about northeast of Jerez de la Frontera on Route 342. The battle occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. In the fall of 1811, the British navy transported Francisco Ballesteros and a small army to Algeciras. The Spanish force marched inland on another one of many forays. The French commander in Andalusia, Marshal Nicolas Soult was irritated by the continual raiding of his territory by Ballesteros and he determined to catch the clever Spanish general. To trap Ballesteros, Soult organized three columns under General of Division Nicolas Godinot, General of Division Pierre Barrois, and General of Brigade Jean-Baptiste Pierre de Semell\u00e9. In July 1811, Godinot commanded the 2nd Division of the I Corps, with a strength of 8,133 men in 13 battalions. Godinot set out from Seville while Barrois and Semell\u00e9 left the Siege of Cadiz lines. Ballesteros detected the converging French forces and raced south to Gibraltar where he found refuge. On 14 October, 10,000 French troops arrived in front of Gibraltar. Lacking the supplies for a siege, the French retreated the next day. Godinot tried to march on Tarifa but his troops were bombarded by British warships as they marched on the coast road. Giving up the attempt, he withdrew to Seville."], "answer": {"text": "The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992.", "answer_start": 1011}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Ceremony successful?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses.", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50),", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#5", "question": "was the tour sucessful?", "rewrite": "was The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour successful?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In The Cult's debut single \"Spiritwalker\", Duffy created a distinctive flanged sound using an unfashionable at the time choice of guitar - a mid 1970s Gretsch White Falcon, which became his trademark sound and image. This was followed up the album titled \"Love\". It featured the hit \"She Sells Sanctuary\". Duffy helped change The Cult's sound into metal-blues for their third album, 1987's \"Electric\". Duffy moved to Los Angeles in 1988 with Astbury, where both remain. There, the two writing partners (with longtime bassist Jamie Stewart) turned to stadium rock and recorded \"Sonic Temple\". The Cult reached a larger, mainstream audience, but the public's attention could not be sustained with their next album, \"Ceremony\", at the dawn of the grunge age. Following the 'Ceremonial Stomp' tour of 1992, Astbury pressured Duffy to return to their roots, with The Cult's \"The Cult\" album. This would ultimately lead to Astbury's departure from Duffy and The Cult in 1995. During The Cult's four-year hiatus, Duffy played with Mike Peters of The Alarm in a project called Coloursound. Duffy plays on the title track from Japanese musician J's 1997 debut album, \"Pyromania\". Duffy reformed The Cult with Astbury in 1999, which led to a new recording contract with Atlantic Records. This was capped off by a show at Atlanta's Music Midtown Festival in May 2001, where over 60,000 people watched them perform, leading up to the release of \"Beyond Good and Evil\". Their single to promote it, \"Rise\", which reached No. 125 in the US and No. 3 for 6 weeks on the mainstream rock chart, was removed from radio rotation a week after the album's release.", "Abihka Abihka was one of the four mother towns of the Muscogee Creek confederacy. It is now a ceremonial ground in Talladega County, Alabama. \" Abihka\" is also sometimes used to refer to all Upper Creek (or \"Muscogee\") peoples. The Abihka were the remnants of the 16th century \"Chiefdom of Coosa.\" A remnant of the Natchez people settled with the Abihka after being dispersed by the French in the 18th century. The name \"Abihka\" (meaning unknown), is sometimes used to refer to all the Upper Creek peoples. The members of the Abihka were Upper Creek Indians. Their main place of residence was along the banks of the Coosa and Alabama rivers, in what is now Talladega County, Alabama. Besides the town of Abihka, the Creek had established other important towns in their territory: \"Abihkutchi\", \"Tuckabutche\", \"Talladega\", \"Coweta\", and \"Kan-tcati\". After the removal to the Indian Territory, refugees from the Abihka mother-town established a ceremonial stomp dance ground which they call Abihka (or sometimes, \"Arbeka\"). It is located near Henryetta, Oklahoma. Alice Brown Davis and her husband, George Rollin Davis, operated a trading post, post office, general store and the Bar X Bar ranch in Arbeka together until George's death. She succeeded him as postmistress in the 1890s.", "In 1991, Astbury and Duffy were writing again for their next album. During the demo recordings, Todd Hoffman and James Kottak played bass and drums respectively. During the actual album recording sessions, Curry was recruited again to play drums, with Charley Drayton on bass, and various other performers. Astbury and Duffy's working relationship had disintegrated by that time, with the two men reportedly rarely even being in the studio together during recording. The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses. The album climbed to US No. 34, but sales were not as impressive as the previous three records, only selling around one million copies worldwide. Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50), although \"White\" was released as a single only in Canada, \"Sweet Salvation\" was released as a single (as \"Dulce Salvacion\") in Argentina in 1992, and the title track \"Ceremony\" was released in Spain. The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992. In 1991 the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993, packaged with some vinyl UK copies of their first greatest hits release. Only a handful of CD copies of it were ever manufactured originally, however it was subsequently reissued on CD in 1999. An incomplete bootleg video of this show is also in circulation. The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony, for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image. This image of the boy is also burned in the video for \"Wild Hearted Son\".", "In early 1991, the band entered Rockfield Studios with the record producer, John Leckie to record \"Soul, Glitter & Sin\". Shortly after, a \"dry mix\" of one of the album's tracks, \"Coast To Coast\", was produced by Jimmy Miller, and brass was added courtesy of The Rolling Stones' collaborators The Kickhorns. \"Melody Maker\" stated \"A return to the incendiary burnouts of earlier singles, but with a new lip-curling twist. An Elmer Bernstein- type sax honks all over the cinematic grooves of the heavy soundtrack atmosphere. The psychedelic overtures of their last opus have been replaced by pure sex.\" and a month later \"... a sleazy, swaggering, soulful, absurdly and gloriously self-conscious trash blues thing... \" Thee Hypnotics continued to tour extensively throughout the UK, Europe and the US, and were main support to The Black Crowes on their UK tour, highlights included playing two nights at the Hammersmith Odeon (18 and 19 October 1991). Ian Astbury of The Cult asked Thee Hypnotics to join The Cult on their Ceremonial Stomp tour of Europe. A sell out headline tour of the US completed the year. Johnny Depp, Harry Dean Stanton and Cher attended Thee Hypnotics concert at The Viper Room. However, exhausted with the gruelling schedule and lifestyle, bassist of six years Will Pepper decided to leave the band. Craig Pike was brought in to fill the vacant position. The band headed back to London and began work on new demos, but tragedy struck with Pike's untimely death from a drug overdose.", "In 1991, Astbury and Duffy were writing again for their next album. During the demo recordings, Todd Hoffman and James Kottak played bass and drums respectively. During the actual album recording sessions, Curry was recruited again to play drums, with Charley Drayton on bass, and various other performers. Astbury and Duffy's working relationship had disintegrated by that time, with the two men reportedly rarely even being in the studio together during recording. The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses. The album climbed to US No. 34, but sales were not as impressive as the previous three records, only selling around one million copies worldwide. Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50), although \"White\" was released as a single only in Canada, \"Sweet Salvation\" was released as a single (as \"Dulce Salvacion\") in Argentina in 1992, and the title track \"Ceremony\" was released in Spain. The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992. In 1991 the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993, packaged with some vinyl UK copies of their first greatest hits release. Only a handful of CD copies of it were ever manufactured originally, however it was subsequently reissued on CD in 1999. An incomplete bootleg video of this show is also in circulation. The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony, for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image. This image of the boy is also burned in the video for \"Wild Hearted Son\"."], "answer": {"text": "the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993,", "answer_start": 1107}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Ceremony successful?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses.", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50),", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What interesting facts can you tell me about the Ceremony Album", "answer": {"text": "The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#6", "question": "is there any interesting fact about the lawsuit?", "rewrite": "is there any interesting fact about the The Cult lawsuit from 1991-1994?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Hasan Askari (writer) Muhammad Hasan Askari () (1919 \u2013 18 January 1978) was a Pakistani scholar, literary critic, writer and linguist of modern Urdu language. Initially \"Westernized\", he translated western literary, philosophical and metaphysical work into Urdu, notably classics of American, English, French and Russian literature. But in his later years, through personal experiences, geopolitical changes and the influence of authors like Ren\u00e9 Gu\u00e9non, and traditional scholars of India towards more latter part of his life, like Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanwi, he became a notable critic of the West and proponent of Islamic culture and ideology. Muhammad Hasan Askari was born on 5 November 1919 in a village in Bulandshahr, in western Uttar Pradesh, British India, to a \"traditional, middle-class\" Muslim family, in a cultured milieu where youngsters used to read the Qur'an as well as classics of Persian literature like Hafez and Saadi. His grandfather, Maulvi Husamuddin, was a scholar, while his father, Muhammad Moinul Haq, worked as an accountant in the nearby Shikarpur. He was the eldest of six children. He joined Allahabad University as an undergraduate in 1938 and earned a Master of Arts degree in English literature in 1942. After completing his education, he joined All India Radio, Delhi. For a brief period around 1944-1946, he also taught English literature at Meerut College. For years, he struggled to find a permanent job in Delhi, and as per his brother that might have pushed him to move to the newly forme state of Pakistan but the decisive factor was the civil strife and riots which followed the Partition, and in October of 1947, he reached Lahore all alone, asking his mother and siblings to also abandon Meerut.", "The bulrush is a perennial plant, which means it comes back each year. It flowers in June and July, and during autumn the seed head will break off and be carried by the wind. The stem part that is underground will survive the winter. This plant can grow up to six feet tall and the leaf blades are about three feet tall. The bulrush has seed heads and also has a stem. The color of this plant is both green and brown. Interesting facts: The stems are used to make boats and the pollen can be used to make flour. The dandelion, also known, as \"Taraxacum officinale\" is believed to be one of the oldest plants on the planet. The flower is yellow in color, with smooth jagged leaves. The leaves curve inward to allow water to project into the center, like a funnel. The life cycle of the dandelion starts as a seed, and then it turns into a flower. Then the flower turns into tiny seeds. They do not need pollination to reproduce. When the wind blows parachutes carry the seeds for miles. Then life cycle begins again. It can grow almost any were, it grows year-round, but prefers full sun. The blooms are sensitive to weather; if it is fine weather all the parts are open. If it is cold and rainy it will close. An interesting fact is that at about 5-oclock in the evening the flower closes as if it is going to sleep. At a-round 7 in the morning the flower opens up. Another interesting fact is that the dandelion is an edible plant it can be used in salads and on sandwiches. The bladderwort is a carnivorous plant that eats insects and bugs. This is their main purpose, to eat bugs. These plants grow in shallow marshlands, near streams and ponds throughout Alberta. They can live anywhere", "Historian Dion Smythe defines factoids to be assertions about the truth, as documented in primary sources of historical research. In this indirect meaning, the truthfulness of factoids comes from objectively observable existence of such assertions themselves, and not from the truthfulness of what they claim about the world. As a result of confusion over the meaning of factoid, some English-language style and usage guides recommend against its use. William Safire in his \"On Language\" column advocated the use of the word \"factlet\" instead of \"factoid\" to express a brief interesting fact as well as a \"little bit of arcana\" but did not explain how adopting this new term would alleviate the ongoing confusion over the existing contradictory common use meanings of \"factoid\". Safire suggested that \"factlet\" be used to designate a small or trivial bit of information that is nonetheless true or accurate. A report in \"The Guardian\" identified Safire as the writer who coined the term \"factlet\", although Safire's 1993 column suggested \"factlet\" was already in use at that time. \" The Atlantic\" magazine agreed with Safire, and recommended \"factlet\" instead of \"factoid\", such that \"factlet\" would signify a \"small probably unimportant but interesting fact\", and that the term be used in place of \"factoid\", which they saw as often having negative connotations. The term \"factlet\" has been used in publications such as \"Mother Jones\", the \"San Jose Mercury News\", and in the \"Reno Gazette Journal\".", "In 1949 he was transferred to the Nowshera Armored Corp and in 1950 joined Governor General's Body Guard as the First Adjutant when his uncle Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin K.C.I.E, C.I.E was the Governor General of Pakistan. In 1951 he returned to Dacca and served with the East Bengal Regiment in various parts of the country. In 1954 he was posted back to Rawalpindi and served with the 5th Regiment of the Armored Corp also known as the Probyns Horse regiment. He served between Rawalpindi and Manser Camp until 1959. His father Nawab Khwaja Habibullah Bahadur died on 21 November 1958 and Nawab Hasan Askari became the last Nawab of Dacca on 22 November 1958. The army then transferred him to East Pakistan and he simultaneously served at the army's recruiting office in Dacca. Due to a heart problem in 1961, Nawab Hasan Askari requested to resign from the army. He contested the 1962 elections and won a seat in the National Assembly of Pakistan. He was appointed minister of the provincial cabinet in East Pakistan with portfolios of communications, waterways and railways. He started the first rail car service in East Pakistan which was then followed in West Pakistan and is credited with having had started the work of the new railway system in Dacca. During the 1965 war he the Chief Warden of Dacca and was later appointed Warden General of East Pakistan. He was awarded the Hilal-e-Khidmat by the then President Major General Ayub Khan in the 1960s for his services to the nation. He was the President of the East Pakistan Muslim League until the liberation of Bangladesh. Khawaja Hasan Askari was the guardian of the various philanthropic institutions like the Nawab Salimullah Orphanage,", "Mansion in Tu\u0142owice The Palace in Tu\u0142owice in southwestern Poland dates from the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It was built around 1800 for Francis of Lasocki, probably designed by Hilary Szpilowski who created many beautiful classicist palaces in the Mazovia region. The Tu\u0142owice Mansion is one of the region's most beautiful landowners' residences. It exhibits harmony of form, architectural beauty and atmosphere. Tu\u0142owice manor house was built around 1800 for Francis from Lasocki family. Over the years, often changed owners (Linowski Constantine was in his possession in the years 1822 to 1833, then became the property Orsetich, since 1857. Mountain, then Marcel Divine, Hilary Ostrowski, from 1871 to the early twentieth century was in possession Bolechowskich, in the interwar Domaszowskich). Today, along with the park is owned by private person a painter Andrzej Nov\u00e1k-Zempli\u0144ski. The owner respected the style in which the mansion was maintained and in the 80s built outbuilding also maintained a similar neoclassical spirit,also then in the park neo-Gothic chapel stood there This is a ground-floor building with a higher central part of the house. It is preceded by a four column Tuscan portico crowned with a triangular pediment. Interesting fact is that portico. Interesting fact is that the portico was placed in the garden elevation rather than the front elevation. This change of the front elevation and opening the living room for the view of the park is an expression of a new era of the Enlightenment. This palace stands in opposition to the elegant Baroque palaces and endless courtyard garden. This is a quiet, intimate and directed to the residents house where nature plays a very important role. This is a reference to the era of romanticism which laid emphasis on the role of dreams and nature."], "answer": {"text": "The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony,", "answer_start": 1470}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Ceremony successful?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses.", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50),", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What interesting facts can you tell me about the Ceremony Album", "answer": {"text": "The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the tour sucessful?", "answer": {"text": "the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993,", "answer_start": 1107, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#7", "question": "In what year did the lawsuit occur?", "rewrite": "In what year did the lawsuit against The Cult occur?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Opposition parties held demonstrations on 21 May 2016 in Lom\u00e9 calling for meaningful and proportional electoral reform under the Global Political Agreement of 2007 to introduce term limits. On 19 August 2017, thousands of protesters took to the streets, mostly in the city of Sokod\u00e9. Protests also occurred in Lom\u00e9, Bafilo, Ani\u00e9, and Kara. Security forces shot and killed two civilians while dispersing protesters. Other civilians burned security vehicles and killed seven members of the security force. About 27 people were arrested, and 15 protesters identified as supporters of the Pan African National Party were given jail sentences of 5\u20139 months. Opposition parties called for a general strike to take place on 25 August, which slowed business and caused Lom\u00e9 to enter a security lockdown. Togolese minister Gilbert Bawara criticised the strike, calling it \"the campaign of terror, intimidation and threats\". On 5 September 2017, in an effort to counter scheduled protests, the Toglose government cut off the internet nationwide, blocked the use of WhatsApp, and filtered international calls. Despite this, opposition parties started a large three-day protest in Lom\u00e9. Amnesty International estimated that about 100,000 people participated in a protest on 6 September 2017. At least 80 protesters were arrested the next day, and security forces in Lom\u00e9 fired tear gas to disperse protesters. Normal access to the internet was restored on September 11th. On 18 September 2017, the opposition boycotted the National Assembly's vote on a bill that would introduce term limits, saying it would allow making it subject to a referendum. The next day, the Togolese government slowed down the country's internet as the opposition prepared for more protests. According to Amnesty International, security forces used batons, bullets, and tear gas against protesters in Mango, killing a 9-year-old boy.", "2017\u20132018 Togolese protests The 2017\u201318 Togolese protests are a significant representation of civil unrest in Togo and against the 50 year rule of the father-son combination of Gnassingb\u00e9 Eyad\u00e9ma and Faure Gnassingb\u00e9. The protesters demanded that the president honour the 1992 constitution, and demanding that he step down immediately. Gnassingb\u00e9 offered the protesters the option of enacting the two-term limit set in the constitution effective from 2018, thus ensuring that he could stay in power until 2030. This has been rejected by the opposition. However, on 8 May 2019 the Togolese Parliament voted unanimously to accept this amendment and imposed this non-retroactive term limit on the president's office. As the protests continued, the opposition started focusing more on protesting Gnassingb\u00e9's rule. Starting in August 2017, the opposition held protests on a near-weekly basis. The scale of the protests have been enormous, with some estimates claiming 800,000 present at one protest in a country of 6.6 million. The demonstrations are also taking place all over the country, even in the north, the traditional power base for the Gnassingb\u00e9 family. The Togolese government has responded to these protests by shutting down the internet. The protesters utilised social media, with the hashtag #togodebut for publicity. The protests and police response have resulted in the deaths of at least 16 people, including two soldiers. In response to the protests, Gnassingb\u00e9 offered some concessions to the opposition, but held onto power due to his crackdown on activists. On 19 August, thousands of protesters took to the streets, mostly in the city of Sokod\u00e9. Some protesters chanted \"50 years is too long\". Protests also occurred in Lom\u00e9, Bafilo, Ani\u00e9, and Kara.", "Sara Sport FC Sara Sport Football Club is a Togolese football club based in Bafilo. They play in the second division in Togolese football. Currently the team plays at the 1000 capacity Stade Municipal Bafilo. Final 2001: Dynamic Togolais (Lom\u00e9) 3\u20130 Sara Sport de Bafilo", "Assoli Prefecture  Assoli is a prefecture located in the Kara Region of Togo. The capital city is Bafilo. Abakouande, Afoudi, Agarade, Agbandaode, Agouebou, Akoutia, Aledjame, Aledjo Kadara, Aleheride, Bafilo, Bodoude, Bola, Bomboua, Dako, Djandje, Djanguela, Doukorode, Effolo, Fadao, Fazade, Flandi, Foulenda, Gande, Gnata, Groungouboui, Hungbeu, Kadieka, Kado, Kajalawa, Kajamboue, Kangandem, Kao, Katai, Kemini, Kiande, Kolanda, Kolo, Koumande, Kpalanda, Kpayando, Kpayaora, Lakodayo, Lamba, Loukou, Noumbanda, Pampouelou, Payambou, Paywawaya, Peou, Pewa, Soreda, Sorogadanga, Soudore , Soudou, Soulou, Tadoum, Tafdeman, Tamboulado, Taou, Tchambao, Tchonoro, Tchoubona, Tiavaleme, Touazi, Watalangue.", "Bafilo Bafilo is a city in Togo south of Kara and north of Sokode in Tchaoudjo Region. It is known for its large mosque, wagassi cheese, its weaving industry and the nearby Bafilo Falls. During World War I, a skirmish took place in Bafilo between French and German troops in on 13 August 1914. French forces first crossed the border between French Dahomey and German Togoland on 8 or 9 of August 1914. French units in north-eastern Togoland came into contact with German ones on 13 August in the districts of Sansane-Mangu and Sokode-Balfilo. After some light fighting, the French company retreated after facing resistance stronger than they had expected. Although this was technically a victory for German forces, it did little to stall the Allied advance and by the end of August the colony was surrendered to the Allies."], "answer": {"text": "1992,", "answer_start": 951}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Ceremony successful?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses.", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50),", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What interesting facts can you tell me about the Ceremony Album", "answer": {"text": "The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the tour sucessful?", "answer": {"text": "the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993,", "answer_start": 1107, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there any interesting fact about the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony,", "answer_start": 1470, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_940c6e3edb2b4e64b6eb31f072aec5ba_1_q#8", "question": "Is there a reason they called the album Ceremony?", "rewrite": "Is there a reason The Cult called the album Ceremony?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Irrefutable Truth about Demons The Irrefutable Truth about Demons is a New Zealand horror film released in 2000. It was directed by Glenn Standring and stars Karl Urban, Katie Wolfe, and Jonathon Hendry. The film's UK DVD title is \"The Truth About Demons\". Haughty anthropology professor Harry Ballard (Karl Urban) receives a sinister videotape showing a cult called the Black Lodge ranting about a demonic plot. As it turns out, Harry's brother, Richard, killed himself a few months earlier under mysterious circumstances, possibly related to this cult; in any event, the loss has been preying on Harry's mind, sending his relationship with his girlfriend (Sally Stockwell) into a tailspin. Meanwhile, a seemingly schizophrenic young woman named Benny (Katie Wolfe), who has a penchant for lighting sparklers in alleyways for no good reason, follows Harry around and snatches him from the jaws of doom after he falls into the cult's hands. The devilish leader, Le Valliant (Jonathan Hendry), apparently has big plans in store for Harry, and soon the protagonist's grip on reality slips as the cult targets him for an upcoming ritual. AllMovie gave the film a positive review, calling it \"a clever, gleefully ludicrous flick\".", ", Cult Called Man, Kevin Sheridan, Moo! , Throwing Halos, Risky Business, Prison Love, Cuan And Lukas (Dj), John & Mandy, White Chalk, My Fellow Sponges, Eric Butler And The Revelators,   Eric Butler And The Revelators, Dave Clarke Byrd Band, Reverend Jm's Panic Workshop, Sal Vitro, Dark Lanes, Keywest, Red Empire, Richard Farrell & The Last Tribe, Huey & The Hobgoblins, Prairie Dawgs, Crow Black Chicken, Whistle, Oki's Wagon   Cathy Davey, The Districts, Pearl Tn, Terry Hooley, The Minutes, Alien Envoy, Booka Brass Band, King Kong Company, Bronagh Gallagher, Deke Diggler, Pilgrim Street, Pete Pamf Sextette, Phil Cosby, Corner Boy, Cult Called Man, Deep Down Detox, Prison Love, The Square Pegs, New Secret Weapon, This Side Up, Sean's Walk, Camembert Quartet, Andy Allday, Stephen James, Nick Thornley's 50s Vinyl, Salty Dog Allstars Parallel Lines, Marie-Therese, Julian Lloyd's Love Breakfast, Raglans, Nick Sergent, Aidan Kavanagh's Caribbean Calypso King, Skazz   Solo Banton, Capitol 1212", "In 1991, Astbury and Duffy were writing again for their next album. During the demo recordings, Todd Hoffman and James Kottak played bass and drums respectively. During the actual album recording sessions, Curry was recruited again to play drums, with Charley Drayton on bass, and various other performers. Astbury and Duffy's working relationship had disintegrated by that time, with the two men reportedly rarely even being in the studio together during recording. The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses. The album climbed to US No. 34, but sales were not as impressive as the previous three records, only selling around one million copies worldwide. Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50), although \"White\" was released as a single only in Canada, \"Sweet Salvation\" was released as a single (as \"Dulce Salvacion\") in Argentina in 1992, and the title track \"Ceremony\" was released in Spain. The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992. In 1991 the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993, packaged with some vinyl UK copies of their first greatest hits release. Only a handful of CD copies of it were ever manufactured originally, however it was subsequently reissued on CD in 1999. An incomplete bootleg video of this show is also in circulation. The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony, for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image. This image of the boy is also burned in the video for \"Wild Hearted Son\".", "Divine Madness (novel) Divine Madness is the fifth novel in the CHERUB series by Robert Muchamore. In this novel, CHERUB agents James, Lauren, and Dana go to Australia to investigate a religious cult called the Survivors. After finding a link in a successful mission in Hong Kong, James and Lauren Adams and Dana Smith are sent on a mission to Australia, posing as the children of an ASIS agent. They have been sent to determine whether a cult, The Survivors, is associated with Help Earth, and as such are sent to a \"recruitment hotbed\" area in Brisbane. The \"family\" starts going to cult meetings, and are eventually accepted into the commune. Lauren and James are accepted into an elite cult school in the Ark, the cult's headquarters. There, James befriends Rathbone \"Rat\" Regan, son of the cult's founder and the only other person in the ark immune to their brainwashing tactics. After a while, Lauren develops a crush on Rat, and he uses his influence with Susie Regan, one of his father's many wives, to get her and James jobs in the offices, rather than in the stifling warehouse or laundry rooms. Dana, meanwhile, extremely depressed about her unspectacular role in the mission, is summoned to the head of the commune's office. There, she and Eve, another cult member, are told that they are to participate in a Help Earth mission to blow up an oil tanker. Australian oil tankers are alerted about an attack, but in her discovery that the target is across the sea in Indonesia she attempts to warn the mission controllers, which fail, and she ends up having to stop the attack herself. She overpowers the other members of the boat, except Eve who escapes on a dinghy but is later found dead washed up on a beach after the mission.", "In 1991, Astbury and Duffy were writing again for their next album. During the demo recordings, Todd Hoffman and James Kottak played bass and drums respectively. During the actual album recording sessions, Curry was recruited again to play drums, with Charley Drayton on bass, and various other performers. Astbury and Duffy's working relationship had disintegrated by that time, with the two men reportedly rarely even being in the studio together during recording. The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses. The album climbed to US No. 34, but sales were not as impressive as the previous three records, only selling around one million copies worldwide. Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50), although \"White\" was released as a single only in Canada, \"Sweet Salvation\" was released as a single (as \"Dulce Salvacion\") in Argentina in 1992, and the title track \"Ceremony\" was released in Spain. The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992. In 1991 the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993, packaged with some vinyl UK copies of their first greatest hits release. Only a handful of CD copies of it were ever manufactured originally, however it was subsequently reissued on CD in 1999. An incomplete bootleg video of this show is also in circulation. The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony, for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image. This image of the boy is also burned in the video for \"Wild Hearted Son\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the The Cult lawsuit about?", "answer": {"text": "for alleged exploitation and for the unauthorized use of the child's image.", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the outcome to the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "This lawsuit delayed the release of Ceremony in many countries including South Korea and Thailand, which did not see the record's release until late 1992,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Ceremony successful?", "answer": {"text": "The resulting album Ceremony was released to mixed responses.", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any singles from that album?", "answer": {"text": "Only two official singles were released from the record: \"Wild Hearted Son\" (UK No. 34, Canada No. 41) and \"Heart of Soul\" (UK No. 50),", "answer_start": 675, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What interesting facts can you tell me about the Ceremony Album", "answer": {"text": "The Cult's Ceremonial Stomp tour went through Europe in 1991 and North America in 1992.", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the tour sucessful?", "answer": {"text": "the Cult played a show at the Marquee Club in London, which was recorded and released in February 1993,", "answer_start": 1107, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "is there any interesting fact about the lawsuit?", "answer": {"text": "The band were sued by the parents of the Native American boy pictured on the cover of Ceremony,", "answer_start": 1470, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year did the lawsuit occur?", "answer": {"text": "1992,", "answer_start": 951, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ac3f7d57ed6421aa9cea977e468c2a5_0_q#0", "question": "what was John Heisman's legacy?", "rewrite": "what was John Heisman's legacy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His chess activities include promoting local chess, hosting a chess radio show \"Ask the Renaissance Man\" on ICC Webcast, and organizing events like the Philadelphia Championship and Philadelphia Junior Championship. He is currently a member of the Main Line Chess Club and the SE Scholastic Coordinator for the Pennsylvania State Chess Federation. He maintains an extensive web page which provides information on Philadelphia area chess and many articles on chess improvement. Heisman is a chess tutor and has taught radio DJ Howard Stern. He helped mentor the 2007-08 National High School champion Dan Yeager, who attended his old high school (Hatboro-Horsham High School). Heisman is related to John Heisman, the football coach who left the endowment for the Heisman Trophy. Dan Heisman's paternal great-grandfather, Aaron, was John Heisman's first cousin. Heisman is married to Shelly Hahn. His first wife, Susan \"Holly\" Hollis Bloom Heisman, died of breast cancer in 1994; they had one son, Delen, a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University. Heisman was born in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania in 1950 and currently lives in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Society for American Baseball Research and had a baseball newsletter, \"Baseball's Active Leaders\". His hobbies include backgammon, science fiction, collecting comic books, and following the Philadelphia sports teams.", "Oberlin Yeomen football The Oberlin Yeomen football program represents Oberlin College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The program is known for having begun the coaching career of player and coach John Heisman, being the last in-state team to defeat Ohio State, and for having one of the worst records in college football history from 1990 to 2001. After initially helping form the Ohio Athletic Conference in 1902, Oberlin is now part of the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC), of which it is a founding member. The College plays its home games in the Austin E. Knowlton Athletics Complex, built in 2014. The name Yeomen arose in the early 1900s as a result of blending the former team moniker with the schools official motto. Early on in the program, football players and other athletes were known simply as Oberlin Men or \"O\" Men. Eventually, as the athletic department became more cohesive, the Yeomen mascot was adopted, drawing on the phonetic sound of \"O\" Men and the schools official motto of \"Learning and Labor\". Oberlin was the first school coached by the legendary John Heisman. He coached the teams in 1892 and 1894, the second and fourth seasons that football was a varsity sport at the college. The faculty had not approved football as a sport prior to 1891, but it agreed to hire Heisman as head coach for the 1892 season because he was recommended by Walter Camp. Heisman was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania where he starred as an end in football. In those days football was quite popular in the East and was just beginning to take root in the Midwest. The hiring of Heisman enabled Oberlin to become one of the leading team's in the Midwest.", "He was the star of the school's football team in 1913; and is a member of the school's sports hall of fame. Strupper enrolled at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in Atlanta in 1914. During his freshman year, Strupper became a member of the Georgia Phi chapter of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. He was a multi-sport athlete competing for Georgia Tech in basketball, football, and track and field. In 1914, Strupper played for the freshman football team at Georgia Tech. He then played halfback for Georgia Tech's varsity football teams under head coach John Heisman from 1915 to 1917. Strupper was deaf, and because of his deafness, he called the signals instead of the team's quarterback. Strupper was a small man, with his height being stated in varying accounts to be between five-feet seven inches and five-feet, ten inches. His coach John Heisman later wrote that Strupper was \"but 5 feet 7 inches in height, weighed only 148 pounds stripped.\" He was sometimes known as \"little Everett Strupper.\" Georgia Tech never lost a game in which Strupper played, compiling three consecutive undefeated seasons from 1915 to 1917. During Strupper's three years playing for Georgia Tech, the team compiled a record of 24\u20130\u20132. Only two teams managed a tie \u2013 the University of Georgia in 1915 and Washington & Lee in 1916. In those 26 games, Georgia Tech outscored its opponents by a combined score of 1,135 to 61. Georgia Tech coach John Heisman later described Strupper as follows:\"Everett Strupper was a small package of condensed lightning when you turned him loose in an open field with a ball you wanted delivered somewhere in the neighborhood of the enemy's goal line.", "Oliver Jones Huie was selected by Ga Tech's athletic association to coach the football team for the 1903 season when the team won 3 and lost 5 games. A professional coach was desperately needed if Tech wished to build a truly competitive football program. The first game of the 1903 season was a 73\u20130 destruction at the hands of John Heisman's Clemson; shortly after the season, Tech offered Heisman a coaching position. John Heisman put together 16 consecutive non-losing seasons, amassed 104 wins, including three undefeated campaigns and a 32-game undefeated streak. From 1915 to 1918 Georgia Tech went 30\u20131\u20132 and outscored opponents 1611 to 93 utilizing his jump shift offense. He would also muster a 5-game winning streak against the hated Georgia Bulldogs from 1904\u20131908 before incidents led up to the cutting of athletic ties with Georgia in 1919. Heisman was hired by Tech for $2,250 a year and 30% of the home ticket sales. Heisman would not disappoint the Tech faithful as his first season was an 8\u20131\u20131 performance, the first winning season since 1893. One source relates: \"The real feature of the season was the marvelus advance made by the Georgia School of Technology which burst from fetters that kept it in the lowest class for ten years.\" His team posted victories over Georgia, Tennessee, University of Florida at Lake City, and Cumberland, and a tie with his last employer, Clemson. He suffered just one loss, to another first year coach, Mike Donahue of Auburn. The 1905 team went 6\u20130\u20131. The 1906 team beat Auburn for the first time. Stars of this early period for Tech include Lob Brown and Billy Wilson. The 1907 and 1908 teams were led by \"Twenty Percent\" Davis. Pat Patterson was All-Southern in 1910.", "Grantland Rice called them \"the most durable football team I ever saw. \" The only close game was an 11\u201310 win over John Heisman's Auburn Tigers. Auburn ran an early version of the hurry-up offense. Organized intercollegiate football was first played in the state of Florida in 1901. A 7-game series between intramural teams from Stetson and Forbes occurred in 1894. The first intercollegiate game between official varsity teams was played on November 22, 1901. Stetson beat Florida Agricultural College at Lake City, one of the four forerunners of the University of Florida, 6\u20130, in a game played as part of the Jacksonville Fair. On Thanksgiving Day 1903 a game was scheduled in Montgomery, Alabama between the best teams from each region of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association for an \"SIAA championship game\", pitting Cumberland against Heisman's Clemson. The game ended in an 11\u201311 tie causing many teams to claim the title. Heisman pressed hardest for Cumberland to get the claim of champion. It was his last game as Clemson head coach. 1904 saw big coaching hires in the south: Mike Donahue at Auburn, John Heisman at Georgia Tech, and Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt were all hired that year. Both Donahue and McGugin just came from the north that year, Donahue from Yale and McGugin from Michigan, and were among the initial inductees of the College Football Hall of Fame. The undefeated 1904 Vanderbilt team scored an average of 52.7 points per game, the most in college football that season, and allowed just four points. One publication claims \"The first scouting done in the South was in 1905, when Dan McGugin and Captain Innis Brown, of Vanderbilt went to Atlanta to see Sewanee play Georgia Tech.\""], "answer": {"text": "Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7ac3f7d57ed6421aa9cea977e468c2a5_0_q#1", "question": "did he win any awards?", "rewrite": "did John Heisman win any awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His chess activities include promoting local chess, hosting a chess radio show \"Ask the Renaissance Man\" on ICC Webcast, and organizing events like the Philadelphia Championship and Philadelphia Junior Championship. He is currently a member of the Main Line Chess Club and the SE Scholastic Coordinator for the Pennsylvania State Chess Federation. He maintains an extensive web page which provides information on Philadelphia area chess and many articles on chess improvement. Heisman is a chess tutor and has taught radio DJ Howard Stern. He helped mentor the 2007-08 National High School champion Dan Yeager, who attended his old high school (Hatboro-Horsham High School). Heisman is related to John Heisman, the football coach who left the endowment for the Heisman Trophy. Dan Heisman's paternal great-grandfather, Aaron, was John Heisman's first cousin. Heisman is married to Shelly Hahn. His first wife, Susan \"Holly\" Hollis Bloom Heisman, died of breast cancer in 1994; they had one son, Delen, a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University. Heisman was born in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania in 1950 and currently lives in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Society for American Baseball Research and had a baseball newsletter, \"Baseball's Active Leaders\". His hobbies include backgammon, science fiction, collecting comic books, and following the Philadelphia sports teams.", "Oberlin Yeomen football The Oberlin Yeomen football program represents Oberlin College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The program is known for having begun the coaching career of player and coach John Heisman, being the last in-state team to defeat Ohio State, and for having one of the worst records in college football history from 1990 to 2001. After initially helping form the Ohio Athletic Conference in 1902, Oberlin is now part of the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC), of which it is a founding member. The College plays its home games in the Austin E. Knowlton Athletics Complex, built in 2014. The name Yeomen arose in the early 1900s as a result of blending the former team moniker with the schools official motto. Early on in the program, football players and other athletes were known simply as Oberlin Men or \"O\" Men. Eventually, as the athletic department became more cohesive, the Yeomen mascot was adopted, drawing on the phonetic sound of \"O\" Men and the schools official motto of \"Learning and Labor\". Oberlin was the first school coached by the legendary John Heisman. He coached the teams in 1892 and 1894, the second and fourth seasons that football was a varsity sport at the college. The faculty had not approved football as a sport prior to 1891, but it agreed to hire Heisman as head coach for the 1892 season because he was recommended by Walter Camp. Heisman was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania where he starred as an end in football. In those days football was quite popular in the East and was just beginning to take root in the Midwest. The hiring of Heisman enabled Oberlin to become one of the leading team's in the Midwest.", "Oliver Jones Huie was selected by Ga Tech's athletic association to coach the football team for the 1903 season when the team won 3 and lost 5 games. A professional coach was desperately needed if Tech wished to build a truly competitive football program. The first game of the 1903 season was a 73\u20130 destruction at the hands of John Heisman's Clemson; shortly after the season, Tech offered Heisman a coaching position. John Heisman put together 16 consecutive non-losing seasons, amassed 104 wins, including three undefeated campaigns and a 32-game undefeated streak. From 1915 to 1918 Georgia Tech went 30\u20131\u20132 and outscored opponents 1611 to 93 utilizing his jump shift offense. He would also muster a 5-game winning streak against the hated Georgia Bulldogs from 1904\u20131908 before incidents led up to the cutting of athletic ties with Georgia in 1919. Heisman was hired by Tech for $2,250 a year and 30% of the home ticket sales. Heisman would not disappoint the Tech faithful as his first season was an 8\u20131\u20131 performance, the first winning season since 1893. One source relates: \"The real feature of the season was the marvelus advance made by the Georgia School of Technology which burst from fetters that kept it in the lowest class for ten years.\" His team posted victories over Georgia, Tennessee, University of Florida at Lake City, and Cumberland, and a tie with his last employer, Clemson. He suffered just one loss, to another first year coach, Mike Donahue of Auburn. The 1905 team went 6\u20130\u20131. The 1906 team beat Auburn for the first time. Stars of this early period for Tech include Lob Brown and Billy Wilson. The 1907 and 1908 teams were led by \"Twenty Percent\" Davis. Pat Patterson was All-Southern in 1910.", "He was the star of the school's football team in 1913; and is a member of the school's sports hall of fame. Strupper enrolled at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in Atlanta in 1914. During his freshman year, Strupper became a member of the Georgia Phi chapter of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. He was a multi-sport athlete competing for Georgia Tech in basketball, football, and track and field. In 1914, Strupper played for the freshman football team at Georgia Tech. He then played halfback for Georgia Tech's varsity football teams under head coach John Heisman from 1915 to 1917. Strupper was deaf, and because of his deafness, he called the signals instead of the team's quarterback. Strupper was a small man, with his height being stated in varying accounts to be between five-feet seven inches and five-feet, ten inches. His coach John Heisman later wrote that Strupper was \"but 5 feet 7 inches in height, weighed only 148 pounds stripped.\" He was sometimes known as \"little Everett Strupper.\" Georgia Tech never lost a game in which Strupper played, compiling three consecutive undefeated seasons from 1915 to 1917. During Strupper's three years playing for Georgia Tech, the team compiled a record of 24\u20130\u20132. Only two teams managed a tie \u2013 the University of Georgia in 1915 and Washington & Lee in 1916. In those 26 games, Georgia Tech outscored its opponents by a combined score of 1,135 to 61. Georgia Tech coach John Heisman later described Strupper as follows:\"Everett Strupper was a small package of condensed lightning when you turned him loose in an open field with a ball you wanted delivered somewhere in the neighborhood of the enemy's goal line.", "List of Heisman Trophy winners The Heisman Trophy, one of the highest individual awards in American college football, has been awarded 81 times since its creation in 1935, including 79 unique winners and one two-time winner. The trophy is given annually to the most outstanding college football player in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), and is awarded by the Heisman Trust, successors of the awards from the Downtown Athletic Club at an annual ceremony at the PlayStation Theater in Times Square, Manhattan. In 1935, the award, then known as the DAC Trophy, was created by New York City's Downtown Athletic Club to recognize the best college football player \"east of the Mississippi River\". In that inaugural year, the award went to Jay Berwanger from the University of Chicago. Berwanger was later drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League but declined to sign for them. He never played professional football for any team, instead choosing to pursue a career in business. In 1936, the club's athletic director, football pioneer John Heisman, died and the trophy was renamed in his honor. Larry Kelley, the second winner of the award, was the first to win it as the \"Heisman Trophy\". In addition to the name change, the award also became a nationwide achievement. With the new name, players west of the Mississippi became eligible; the first player from the western United States was selected in 1938. Only one player, Ohio State's Archie Griffin, has won the award twice. On June 10, 2010, following several years of investigation, the NCAA announced that USC running back Reggie Bush, the 2005 Heisman trophy winner, received gifts from agents while still in college. The university received major sanctions, and there were reports that the Heisman Trophy Trust would strip his award."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was John Heisman's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ac3f7d57ed6421aa9cea977e468c2a5_0_q#2", "question": "did he set any records?", "rewrite": "did John Heisman set any records?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Oliver Jones Huie was selected by Ga Tech's athletic association to coach the football team for the 1903 season when the team won 3 and lost 5 games. A professional coach was desperately needed if Tech wished to build a truly competitive football program. The first game of the 1903 season was a 73\u20130 destruction at the hands of John Heisman's Clemson; shortly after the season, Tech offered Heisman a coaching position. John Heisman put together 16 consecutive non-losing seasons, amassed 104 wins, including three undefeated campaigns and a 32-game undefeated streak. From 1915 to 1918 Georgia Tech went 30\u20131\u20132 and outscored opponents 1611 to 93 utilizing his jump shift offense. He would also muster a 5-game winning streak against the hated Georgia Bulldogs from 1904\u20131908 before incidents led up to the cutting of athletic ties with Georgia in 1919. Heisman was hired by Tech for $2,250 a year and 30% of the home ticket sales. Heisman would not disappoint the Tech faithful as his first season was an 8\u20131\u20131 performance, the first winning season since 1893. One source relates: \"The real feature of the season was the marvelus advance made by the Georgia School of Technology which burst from fetters that kept it in the lowest class for ten years.\" His team posted victories over Georgia, Tennessee, University of Florida at Lake City, and Cumberland, and a tie with his last employer, Clemson. He suffered just one loss, to another first year coach, Mike Donahue of Auburn. The 1905 team went 6\u20130\u20131. The 1906 team beat Auburn for the first time. Stars of this early period for Tech include Lob Brown and Billy Wilson. The 1907 and 1908 teams were led by \"Twenty Percent\" Davis. Pat Patterson was All-Southern in 1910.", "Grantland Rice called them \"the most durable football team I ever saw. \" The only close game was an 11\u201310 win over John Heisman's Auburn Tigers. Auburn ran an early version of the hurry-up offense. Organized intercollegiate football was first played in the state of Florida in 1901. A 7-game series between intramural teams from Stetson and Forbes occurred in 1894. The first intercollegiate game between official varsity teams was played on November 22, 1901. Stetson beat Florida Agricultural College at Lake City, one of the four forerunners of the University of Florida, 6\u20130, in a game played as part of the Jacksonville Fair. On Thanksgiving Day 1903 a game was scheduled in Montgomery, Alabama between the best teams from each region of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association for an \"SIAA championship game\", pitting Cumberland against Heisman's Clemson. The game ended in an 11\u201311 tie causing many teams to claim the title. Heisman pressed hardest for Cumberland to get the claim of champion. It was his last game as Clemson head coach. 1904 saw big coaching hires in the south: Mike Donahue at Auburn, John Heisman at Georgia Tech, and Dan McGugin at Vanderbilt were all hired that year. Both Donahue and McGugin just came from the north that year, Donahue from Yale and McGugin from Michigan, and were among the initial inductees of the College Football Hall of Fame. The undefeated 1904 Vanderbilt team scored an average of 52.7 points per game, the most in college football that season, and allowed just four points. One publication claims \"The first scouting done in the South was in 1905, when Dan McGugin and Captain Innis Brown, of Vanderbilt went to Atlanta to see Sewanee play Georgia Tech.\"", "His chess activities include promoting local chess, hosting a chess radio show \"Ask the Renaissance Man\" on ICC Webcast, and organizing events like the Philadelphia Championship and Philadelphia Junior Championship. He is currently a member of the Main Line Chess Club and the SE Scholastic Coordinator for the Pennsylvania State Chess Federation. He maintains an extensive web page which provides information on Philadelphia area chess and many articles on chess improvement. Heisman is a chess tutor and has taught radio DJ Howard Stern. He helped mentor the 2007-08 National High School champion Dan Yeager, who attended his old high school (Hatboro-Horsham High School). Heisman is related to John Heisman, the football coach who left the endowment for the Heisman Trophy. Dan Heisman's paternal great-grandfather, Aaron, was John Heisman's first cousin. Heisman is married to Shelly Hahn. His first wife, Susan \"Holly\" Hollis Bloom Heisman, died of breast cancer in 1994; they had one son, Delen, a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University. Heisman was born in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania in 1950 and currently lives in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Society for American Baseball Research and had a baseball newsletter, \"Baseball's Active Leaders\". His hobbies include backgammon, science fiction, collecting comic books, and following the Philadelphia sports teams.", "Oberlin Yeomen football The Oberlin Yeomen football program represents Oberlin College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The program is known for having begun the coaching career of player and coach John Heisman, being the last in-state team to defeat Ohio State, and for having one of the worst records in college football history from 1990 to 2001. After initially helping form the Ohio Athletic Conference in 1902, Oberlin is now part of the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC), of which it is a founding member. The College plays its home games in the Austin E. Knowlton Athletics Complex, built in 2014. The name Yeomen arose in the early 1900s as a result of blending the former team moniker with the schools official motto. Early on in the program, football players and other athletes were known simply as Oberlin Men or \"O\" Men. Eventually, as the athletic department became more cohesive, the Yeomen mascot was adopted, drawing on the phonetic sound of \"O\" Men and the schools official motto of \"Learning and Labor\". Oberlin was the first school coached by the legendary John Heisman. He coached the teams in 1892 and 1894, the second and fourth seasons that football was a varsity sport at the college. The faculty had not approved football as a sport prior to 1891, but it agreed to hire Heisman as head coach for the 1892 season because he was recommended by Walter Camp. Heisman was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania where he starred as an end in football. In those days football was quite popular in the East and was just beginning to take root in the Midwest. The hiring of Heisman enabled Oberlin to become one of the leading team's in the Midwest.", "He was the star of the school's football team in 1913; and is a member of the school's sports hall of fame. Strupper enrolled at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in Atlanta in 1914. During his freshman year, Strupper became a member of the Georgia Phi chapter of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. He was a multi-sport athlete competing for Georgia Tech in basketball, football, and track and field. In 1914, Strupper played for the freshman football team at Georgia Tech. He then played halfback for Georgia Tech's varsity football teams under head coach John Heisman from 1915 to 1917. Strupper was deaf, and because of his deafness, he called the signals instead of the team's quarterback. Strupper was a small man, with his height being stated in varying accounts to be between five-feet seven inches and five-feet, ten inches. His coach John Heisman later wrote that Strupper was \"but 5 feet 7 inches in height, weighed only 148 pounds stripped.\" He was sometimes known as \"little Everett Strupper.\" Georgia Tech never lost a game in which Strupper played, compiling three consecutive undefeated seasons from 1915 to 1917. During Strupper's three years playing for Georgia Tech, the team compiled a record of 24\u20130\u20132. Only two teams managed a tie \u2013 the University of Georgia in 1915 and Washington & Lee in 1916. In those 26 games, Georgia Tech outscored its opponents by a combined score of 1,135 to 61. Georgia Tech coach John Heisman later described Strupper as follows:\"Everett Strupper was a small package of condensed lightning when you turned him loose in an open field with a ball you wanted delivered somewhere in the neighborhood of the enemy's goal line."], "answer": {"text": "He developed one of the first shifts.", "answer_start": 173}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was John Heisman's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ac3f7d57ed6421aa9cea977e468c2a5_0_q#3", "question": "did he have other shifts?", "rewrite": "did John Heisman have other shifts other than the one Heisman developed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["His chess activities include promoting local chess, hosting a chess radio show \"Ask the Renaissance Man\" on ICC Webcast, and organizing events like the Philadelphia Championship and Philadelphia Junior Championship. He is currently a member of the Main Line Chess Club and the SE Scholastic Coordinator for the Pennsylvania State Chess Federation. He maintains an extensive web page which provides information on Philadelphia area chess and many articles on chess improvement. Heisman is a chess tutor and has taught radio DJ Howard Stern. He helped mentor the 2007-08 National High School champion Dan Yeager, who attended his old high school (Hatboro-Horsham High School). Heisman is related to John Heisman, the football coach who left the endowment for the Heisman Trophy. Dan Heisman's paternal great-grandfather, Aaron, was John Heisman's first cousin. Heisman is married to Shelly Hahn. His first wife, Susan \"Holly\" Hollis Bloom Heisman, died of breast cancer in 1994; they had one son, Delen, a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University. Heisman was born in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania in 1950 and currently lives in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Society for American Baseball Research and had a baseball newsletter, \"Baseball's Active Leaders\". His hobbies include backgammon, science fiction, collecting comic books, and following the Philadelphia sports teams.", "Heisman Trophy The Heisman Memorial Trophy (usually known colloquially as the Heisman Trophy or The Heisman), is awarded annually to the most outstanding player in NCAA football. Winners epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance, and hard work. It is presented by the Heisman Trophy Trust in early December before the postseason bowl games. The award was created by the Downtown Athletic Club in 1935 to recognize \"the most valuable college football player east of the Mississippi,\" and was first awarded to University of Chicago halfback Jay Berwanger. After the death in October 1936 of the Club's athletic director, John Heisman, the award was named in his honor and broadened to include players west of the Mississippi. Heisman had been active in college athletics as a football player; a head football, basketball, and baseball coach; and an athletic director. It is the oldest of several overall awards in college football, including the Maxwell Award, Walter Camp Award, and the AP Player of the Year. The Heisman and the AP Player of the Year honor the \"most outstanding player\", while the Maxwell and the Walter Camp award recognizes the \"best player\", and the Archie Griffin Award recognizes the \"most valuable player\". The most recent winner of the Heisman Trophy is former University of Oklahoma quarterback Kyler Murray. The trophy itself, designed by sculptor Frank Eliscu, is modeled after Ed Smith, a leading player in 1934 for the now-defunct New York University football team. The trophy is made out of cast bronze, is 13.5 inches (34.3 cm) tall, 14 inches long, 16 inches in width and 25 pounds (11.3 kg). Eliscu had asked Smith, his former George Washington High School classmate, to pose for a commissioned sculpture of a football player.", "Oberlin Yeomen football The Oberlin Yeomen football program represents Oberlin College in college football at the NCAA Division III level. The program is known for having begun the coaching career of player and coach John Heisman, being the last in-state team to defeat Ohio State, and for having one of the worst records in college football history from 1990 to 2001. After initially helping form the Ohio Athletic Conference in 1902, Oberlin is now part of the North Coast Athletic Conference (NCAC), of which it is a founding member. The College plays its home games in the Austin E. Knowlton Athletics Complex, built in 2014. The name Yeomen arose in the early 1900s as a result of blending the former team moniker with the schools official motto. Early on in the program, football players and other athletes were known simply as Oberlin Men or \"O\" Men. Eventually, as the athletic department became more cohesive, the Yeomen mascot was adopted, drawing on the phonetic sound of \"O\" Men and the schools official motto of \"Learning and Labor\". Oberlin was the first school coached by the legendary John Heisman. He coached the teams in 1892 and 1894, the second and fourth seasons that football was a varsity sport at the college. The faculty had not approved football as a sport prior to 1891, but it agreed to hire Heisman as head coach for the 1892 season because he was recommended by Walter Camp. Heisman was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania where he starred as an end in football. In those days football was quite popular in the East and was just beginning to take root in the Midwest. The hiring of Heisman enabled Oberlin to become one of the leading team's in the Midwest.", "Oliver Jones Huie was selected by Ga Tech's athletic association to coach the football team for the 1903 season when the team won 3 and lost 5 games. A professional coach was desperately needed if Tech wished to build a truly competitive football program. The first game of the 1903 season was a 73\u20130 destruction at the hands of John Heisman's Clemson; shortly after the season, Tech offered Heisman a coaching position. John Heisman put together 16 consecutive non-losing seasons, amassed 104 wins, including three undefeated campaigns and a 32-game undefeated streak. From 1915 to 1918 Georgia Tech went 30\u20131\u20132 and outscored opponents 1611 to 93 utilizing his jump shift offense. He would also muster a 5-game winning streak against the hated Georgia Bulldogs from 1904\u20131908 before incidents led up to the cutting of athletic ties with Georgia in 1919. Heisman was hired by Tech for $2,250 a year and 30% of the home ticket sales. Heisman would not disappoint the Tech faithful as his first season was an 8\u20131\u20131 performance, the first winning season since 1893. One source relates: \"The real feature of the season was the marvelus advance made by the Georgia School of Technology which burst from fetters that kept it in the lowest class for ten years.\" His team posted victories over Georgia, Tennessee, University of Florida at Lake City, and Cumberland, and a tie with his last employer, Clemson. He suffered just one loss, to another first year coach, Mike Donahue of Auburn. The 1905 team went 6\u20130\u20131. The 1906 team beat Auburn for the first time. Stars of this early period for Tech include Lob Brown and Billy Wilson. The 1907 and 1908 teams were led by \"Twenty Percent\" Davis. Pat Patterson was All-Southern in 1910.", "In 1892 the \"O\" Men, as they were called at the time, were led by Heisman to their first undefeated season with a perfect 7\u20130 record, beating their opponents by an average score of 37-4 which included two wins over Ohio State and one over Michigan. To this day, the Wolverines still claim they won the contest but all agree that both sides played the game as it should have been played (without any slugging.) Because Heisman enrolled in post graduate courses in art, he was permitted to play football for Oberlin as he participated in the late stages of some games near the end of the season. Heisman became known as the leading pioneer in developing the game of football into what it is today with formation shifts, centering the ball, and forward passing. His contribution to Oberlin was in proving that an intelligent coach was an integral part of the sport. The Heisman name is more famous today than back in 1892, being synonymous with the award for most outstanding player in college football. As a result, Oberlin named their athletics booster club after Heisman, in an attempt encourage support for all of Oberlin's athletic programs. On a cold Saturday afternoon in November 1892, Oberlin's team took the field in Ann Arbor against a heavily favored Michigan squad which had trounced them handily the year before. Notable among the Oberlin visitors was their new player-coach John Heisman, who had been hired away from the University of Pennsylvania by the Oberlin Athletic Association (a student-run enterprise in those days) and who brought an undefeated team with him to Ann Arbor. The team's fastest running back was Charles Savage, who a few years later would become Oberlin's director of athletics and, like Heisman, a nationally prominent figure. Oberlin's best lineman was theology student John Henry Wise,"], "answer": {"text": "He was a proponent of the legalization of the forward pass.", "answer_start": 211}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was John Heisman's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He developed one of the first shifts.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ac3f7d57ed6421aa9cea977e468c2a5_0_q#4", "question": "was this successful?", "rewrite": "was the push for the legalization of the forward pass successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In Canadian football, the first exhibition game using a forward pass was held on November 5, 1921, at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada between the McGill Redmen football team and visiting American college football team the Syracuse Orangemen from Syracuse University. The game was organized by Frank Shaughnessy, the head coach of McGill. McGill player Robert \"Boo\" Anderson is credited with the first forward pass attempt in Canadian football history. The forward pass was not officially allowed in Canadian football until 1929. Most sources credit St. Louis University's Bradbury Robinson from Bellevue, Ohio with throwing the first legal forward pass. On September 5, 1906, in a game against Carroll College, Robinson's first attempt at a forward pass fell incomplete and resulted in a turnover under the 1906 rules. In the same game, Robinson later completed a 20-yard touchdown pass to Jack Schneider. The 1906 St. Louis team, coached by Eddie Cochems, was undefeated at 11\u20130 and featured the most potent offense in the country, outscoring their opponents 407\u201311. Football authority and College Football Hall of Fame coach David M. Nelson wrote that \"E. B. Cochems is to forward passing what the Wright brothers are to aviation and Thomas Edison is to the electric light.\" While St. Louis University completed the first legal forward pass in the first half of September, this accomplishment was in part because most schools did not begin their football schedule until early October. In 1952, football coach Amos Alonzo Stagg discounted accounts crediting any particular coach with being the innovator of the forward pass. Stagg noted that he had Walter Eckersall working on pass plays and saw Pomeroy Sinnock of Illinois throw many passes in 1906. Stagg summed up his view as follows: \"I have seen statements giving credit to certain people originating the forward pass.", "During his three years at St. Louis, he was the first American football coach to build an offense around the forward pass, which became a legal play in the 1906 college football season. Using the forward pass, Cochems' 1906 team compiled an undefeated 11\u20130 record, led the nation in scoring, and outscored opponents by a combined score of 407 to 11. He is considered by some to be the \"father of the forward pass\" in American football. Knute Rockne biographer, Ray Robinson, wrote, \"The St. Louis style of forward pass, as implemented by Cochems, was different from the pass being thrown by eastern players. Cochems did not protect his receiver by surrounding him with teammates, as was the case in the East. \" After the 1906 season, Cochems published a 10-page article entitled \"The Forward Pass and On-Side Kick\" in the 1907 edition of Spalding's \"How to Play Foot Ball\" (edited by Walter Camp). Cochems explained in words and photographs (of Robinson) how the forward pass could be thrown and how passing skills could be developed. \" [T]he necessary brevity of this article will not permit of a detailed discussion of the forward pass\", Cochems lamented. \"Should I begin to explain the different plays in which the pass ... could figure, I would invite myself to an endless task. \" In a 1932 interview with a Wisconsin sports columnist, Cochems claimed that Yale, Harvard and Princeton (the so-called \"Big Three\" football powers in the early decades of the sport) all called him in having him explain the forward pass to them. Williams built the University of Minnesota into a power and developed a famous shift. It was the forerunner to all quick shifts in American football.", "Lateral pass In American football and Canadian football, a lateral pass or lateral (officially backward pass in American football and onside pass in Canadian football) occurs when the ball carrier throws the football to a teammate in a direction parallel to or away from the opponents' goal line. A lateral pass is distinguished from a forward pass, in which the ball is thrown forward, towards the opposition's end zone. In a lateral pass the ball is not advanced, but unlike a forward pass a lateral may be attempted from anywhere on the field by any player to any player at any time. While the forward pass is an invention of the North American games, the lateral and backward pass is also a part of rugby union and rugby league, where such passes are the norm. Compared to its use in rugby, laterals and backward passes are less common in North American football, due to a much greater focus on ball control in American football strategy; they are most commonly used by the quarterback, after taking the snap, to quickly transfer (\"pitch\") the ball a short distance to a nearby running back (or, rarely, wide receiver) on a rushing play. Laterals are also often seen as part of a last-minute desperation strategy or as part of a trick play. Examples of plays utilizing the lateral pass are the toss, flea flicker, hook and lateral, and buck-lateral. While a forward pass may only be thrown once per down by the team on offense from within or behind the neutral zone, there are no restrictions on the use of lateral passes; any player legally carrying the ball may throw a lateral pass from any position on the field at any time, any player may receive such a pass, and any number of lateral passes may be thrown on a single play. Additionally, a player receiving a lateral pass may throw a forward pass if he is still behind the neutral zone, subject to the forward pass rules.", "Clarence Alcott Clarence F. Alcott (August 9, 1886 \u2013 October 23, 1957) was an American football player, coach and investment banker. He was selected as an All-American end in both 1906 and 1907. Alcott attended Yale University, where he played at the end position from 1905 to 1907. During the 1906 and 1907 seasons, the first in which the forward pass was legal, Alcott developed a reputation as one of the sport's best pass receivers. In 1916, \"The New York Times\" wrote that he \"was one of Yale's most spectacular ends, especially in handling the forward pass.\" In Yale's 6-0 victory over Harvard in November 1906, Alcott scored the game's only points on a touchdown pass from Paul Veeder. Though it was neither the first nor the longest pass of the 1906 season, the Veeder-to-Alcott pass in the Harvard game was the most publicized pass in the first season of forward passing. Some publications refer to the touchdown pass from Veeder to Alcott in the 1906 Harvard game as the \"first forward pass in a major game.\" In his book, \"A Century of The Game: Yale-Harvard Is a Matter of Pride,' Al Morganti claimed that \"the first significant use of the forward pass in a major game, a 20-yard gain on a Paul Veeder-to-Clarence Alcoft pass in The Game of 190.\" Writing in \"The Washington Post\", Sally Jenkins called it one of the few significant forward passes thrown in the first season of the forward pass. In fact, Eddie Cochems's 1906 St. Louis University team built its offense around the forward pass in 1906.", "Forward pass In several forms of football a forward pass is a throwing of the ball in the direction that the offensive team is trying to move, towards the defensive team's goal line. The forward pass is one of the main distinguishers between gridiron football (American football and Canadian football) in which the play is legal and widespread, and rugby football (union and league) from which the North American games evolved, in which the play is illegal. In some football codes, such as association football (soccer), the kicked forward pass is used so ubiquitously that it is not thought of as a distinct kind of play at all. In these sports, the concept of offside is used to regulate who can be in front of the play or be nearest to the goal. However, this has not always been the case. Some earlier incarnations of football allowed unlimited forward passing, while others had strict offside rules similar to rugby. The development of the forward pass in American football shows how the game has evolved from its rugby roots into the distinctive game it is today. Illegal and experimental forward passes had been attempted as early as 1876, but the first legal forward pass in American football took place in 1906, after a change in rules. Another change in rules occurred on January 18, 1951, which established that no center, tackle, or guard could receive a forward pass (unless such a player announces his intent to the referee beforehand that he will be an eligible receiver, called a tackle-eligible play). Today, the only linemen who can receive a forward pass are the ends (tight ends and wide receivers). Current rules regulate who may throw and who may receive a forward pass, and under what circumstances, as well as how the defensive team may try to prevent a pass from being completed."], "answer": {"text": "He had both his guards pull to lead an end run and had his center snap the ball.", "answer_start": 271}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was John Heisman's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He developed one of the first shifts.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have other shifts?", "answer": {"text": "He was a proponent of the legalization of the forward pass.", "answer_start": 211, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7ac3f7d57ed6421aa9cea977e468c2a5_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article about John Heisman other than developing one of the first shifts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1892 the \"O\" Men, as they were called at the time, were led by Heisman to their first undefeated season with a perfect 7\u20130 record, beating their opponents by an average score of 37-4 which included two wins over Ohio State and one over Michigan. To this day, the Wolverines still claim they won the contest but all agree that both sides played the game as it should have been played (without any slugging.) Because Heisman enrolled in post graduate courses in art, he was permitted to play football for Oberlin as he participated in the late stages of some games near the end of the season. Heisman became known as the leading pioneer in developing the game of football into what it is today with formation shifts, centering the ball, and forward passing. His contribution to Oberlin was in proving that an intelligent coach was an integral part of the sport. The Heisman name is more famous today than back in 1892, being synonymous with the award for most outstanding player in college football. As a result, Oberlin named their athletics booster club after Heisman, in an attempt encourage support for all of Oberlin's athletic programs. On a cold Saturday afternoon in November 1892, Oberlin's team took the field in Ann Arbor against a heavily favored Michigan squad which had trounced them handily the year before. Notable among the Oberlin visitors was their new player-coach John Heisman, who had been hired away from the University of Pennsylvania by the Oberlin Athletic Association (a student-run enterprise in those days) and who brought an undefeated team with him to Ann Arbor. The team's fastest running back was Charles Savage, who a few years later would become Oberlin's director of athletics and, like Heisman, a nationally prominent figure. Oberlin's best lineman was theology student John Henry Wise,", "His chess activities include promoting local chess, hosting a chess radio show \"Ask the Renaissance Man\" on ICC Webcast, and organizing events like the Philadelphia Championship and Philadelphia Junior Championship. He is currently a member of the Main Line Chess Club and the SE Scholastic Coordinator for the Pennsylvania State Chess Federation. He maintains an extensive web page which provides information on Philadelphia area chess and many articles on chess improvement. Heisman is a chess tutor and has taught radio DJ Howard Stern. He helped mentor the 2007-08 National High School champion Dan Yeager, who attended his old high school (Hatboro-Horsham High School). Heisman is related to John Heisman, the football coach who left the endowment for the Heisman Trophy. Dan Heisman's paternal great-grandfather, Aaron, was John Heisman's first cousin. Heisman is married to Shelly Hahn. His first wife, Susan \"Holly\" Hollis Bloom Heisman, died of breast cancer in 1994; they had one son, Delen, a graduate of Carnegie Mellon University. Heisman was born in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania in 1950 and currently lives in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Society for American Baseball Research and had a baseball newsletter, \"Baseball's Active Leaders\". His hobbies include backgammon, science fiction, collecting comic books, and following the Philadelphia sports teams.", "Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees. Heisman was an innovator and \"master strategist\". He developed one of the first shifts. He was a proponent of the legalization of the forward pass. He had both his guards pull to lead an end run and had his center snap the ball. He invented the hidden ball play, and originated the \"hike\" or \"hep\" shouted by the quarterback to start each play. He led the effort to cut the game from halves to quarters. He is credited with the idea of listing downs and yardage on the scoreboard, and of putting his quarterback at safety on defense. On December 10, 1936, just two months after Heisman's death on October 3, the Downtown Athletic Club trophy was renamed the Heisman Memorial Trophy, and is now given to the player voted as the season's most outstanding collegiate football player. Voters for this award consist primarily of media representatives, who are allocated by regions across the country in order to filter out possible regional bias, and former recipients. Following the bankruptcy of the Downtown Athletic Club in 2002, the award is now given out by the Heisman Trust. Heisman Street on Clemson's campus is named in his honor. Heisman Drive, located directly south of Jordan-Hare Stadium on the Auburn University campus, is named in his honor as well. A bust of him is also in Jordan-Hare Stadium. A wooden statue of Heisman was placed at the Rhinelander-Oneida County Airport. A bronze statue of him was placed on Akron's campus. Heisman has also been the subject of a musical.", "He was the star of the school's football team in 1913; and is a member of the school's sports hall of fame. Strupper enrolled at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) in Atlanta in 1914. During his freshman year, Strupper became a member of the Georgia Phi chapter of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity. He was a multi-sport athlete competing for Georgia Tech in basketball, football, and track and field. In 1914, Strupper played for the freshman football team at Georgia Tech. He then played halfback for Georgia Tech's varsity football teams under head coach John Heisman from 1915 to 1917. Strupper was deaf, and because of his deafness, he called the signals instead of the team's quarterback. Strupper was a small man, with his height being stated in varying accounts to be between five-feet seven inches and five-feet, ten inches. His coach John Heisman later wrote that Strupper was \"but 5 feet 7 inches in height, weighed only 148 pounds stripped.\" He was sometimes known as \"little Everett Strupper.\" Georgia Tech never lost a game in which Strupper played, compiling three consecutive undefeated seasons from 1915 to 1917. During Strupper's three years playing for Georgia Tech, the team compiled a record of 24\u20130\u20132. Only two teams managed a tie \u2013 the University of Georgia in 1915 and Washington & Lee in 1916. In those 26 games, Georgia Tech outscored its opponents by a combined score of 1,135 to 61. Georgia Tech coach John Heisman later described Strupper as follows:\"Everett Strupper was a small package of condensed lightning when you turned him loose in an open field with a ball you wanted delivered somewhere in the neighborhood of the enemy's goal line.", "John Heisman served as the head football coach at Oberlin College (1892, 1894), Buchtel College\u2014now known as the University of Akron (1893\u20131894), Auburn University (1895\u20131899), Clemson University (1900\u20131903), Georgia Tech (1904\u20131919), the University of Pennsylvania (1920\u20131922), Washington & Jefferson College (1923), and Rice University (1924\u20131927), compiling a career college football record of 186\u201370\u201318 with a National Championship in 1917 while at Georgia Tech. Heisman had an extensive vocabulary, and in the offseason was a Shakespearean actor. He was known to begin each season by saying to his freshmen; \"What is this? It is a prolate spheroid, an elongated sphere in which the outer leather casing is drawn tightly over a somewhat smaller rubber tubing. Better to have died as a small boy than to fumble this football. \" He was an innovator and developed one of the first shifts, had both guards pull to lead an end run, and had his center toss the ball back, instead of rolling or kicking it. He was one of the strongest proponents for the legalization of the forward pass in 1906 and he originated the \"hike\" or \"hep\" shouted by the quarterback to start each play. The Heisman Memorial Trophy was named after him, and is now given to the player voted as the season's most outstanding collegiate football player. Following his graduation at Harvard law school, William H. Lewis was hired as a football coach at Harvard, where he served from 1895 to 1906. During his coaching tenure, the team had a combined record of 114\u201315\u20135. Lewis also developed a reputation as one of the most knowledgeable experts on the game."], "answer": {"text": "On December 10, 1936, just two months after Heisman's death on October 3, the Downtown Athletic Club trophy was renamed the Heisman Memorial Trophy,", "answer_start": 657}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what was John Heisman's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954, a member of the second class of inductees.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he set any records?", "answer": {"text": "He developed one of the first shifts.", "answer_start": 173, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have other shifts?", "answer": {"text": "He was a proponent of the legalization of the forward pass.", "answer_start": 211, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was this successful?", "answer": {"text": "He had both his guards pull to lead an end run and had his center snap the ball.", "answer_start": 271, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bf4e2df38374cd496fbf8644bf1b30f_0_q#0", "question": "What was Cary Grant legacy?", "rewrite": "What was Cary Grant legacy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A series of six films at Paramount came to a crashing halt with his production of \"Make Way for Tomorrow\" in 1937. While the story of an elderly couple who have to be separated for economic and family reasons during the Depression was not without humor in its treatment, the results were too unpopular at the box office and the director was let go. Nonetheless the film was recognized early on for its importance by being selected for the permanent collection of the recently formed Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. In later years it became canonical, and even considered by some as McCarey's masterpiece, due to perceptive champions such as Bertrand Tavernier, Charles Silver and Robin Wood. Later in 1937, invited to Columbia, McCarey earned his first Academy Award for Best Director for \"The Awful Truth\", with Irene Dunne and Cary Grant, a screwball comedy that launched Cary Grant's unique screen persona, largely concocted by McCarey (Grant copied many of McCarey's mannerisms). Along with the similarity in their names, McCarey and Cary Grant shared a physical resemblance, making mimicking McCarey's intonations and expressions even easier for Grant. As writer/director Peter Bogdanovich notes, \"After \"The Awful Truth\", when it came to light comedy, there was Cary Grant and then everyone else was an also-ran.\" After the success of \"The Awful Truth\" McCarey could have become, like Frank Capra , a Columbia contract director with a certain independence, but went his own way, selling the story that would become \"The Cowboy And The Lady\" to Sam Goldwyn and moving to RKO for three films.", "It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version.", "Biographers Morecambe and Stirling believe that Cary Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\". Schickel stated that there are \"very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant, art of a very high and subtle order\", and thought that he was the \"best star actor there ever was in the movies\". David Thomson and directors Stanley Donen and Howard Hawks concurred that Grant was the greatest and most important actor in the history of the cinema. He was a favorite of Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\", and remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for almost 30 years. Wansell wrote: \"To millions of movie-goers around the world, Cary Grant will forever epitomize the glamour, and the style, of Hollywood in its golden years. With his dark hair, and even darker eyes, mischievous smile and effortless elegance, he was, is, and always will be indelibly one of the great movie stars. Since his death in 1986, the incandescence of his screen image has not dimmed for a single moment\". Kael stated that the world still thinks of him affectionately, because he \"embodies what seems a happier time-a time when we had a simpler relationship to a performer.\" Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Penny Serenade (1941) and None But the Lonely Heart (1944), but never won a competitive Oscar; he received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970. The inscription on his statuette read \"To Cary Grant, for his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with respect and affection of his colleagues\".", "\"The public came to see a combination of \"South Pacific\", \"Algiers\" and \"Mayerling\". With their appetites set for a juicy steak dinner they had been served fish. Exquisitely prepared fish but nevertheless not steak. And the shock to the taste buds caused not only disappointment but anger.\" No movie company offered for the film rights so the producers of the play - Logan, Martin, Boyer and Krasna - agreed to Krasna's offer to buy them himself for $10,000. Krasna did not tell his fellow producers he had lined up Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman to star in a movie. In March 1955 United Artists announced Krasna would direct a film version for that studio. It was originally announced that the film would be made with either Marilyn Monroe or Jayne Mansfield, and with Clark Gable as the male star. Krasna asked Stanley Donen if he wanted to direct while the latter was making \"Kiss Them for Me\" with Cary Grant. Donen agreed \"but only with Cary\". Grant agreed but only if his co star was Ingrid Bergman (the two had last acted together in \"Notorious\"). Bergman agreed provided the film could be shot in England, as she had a theatre commitment in Paris. Krasna agreed to make the changes from the play. Donen and Grant formed a company together to make the movie. In September 1957 Ingrid Bergman announced she and Cary Grant would star in the film for Warners. The film was one of the most popular at the British box office in 1958. It was popular and well reviewed. Logan saw the movie expecting to find it different from the play and was surprised to find it \"ver batim\" like \"Kind Sir\". \"Krasna's writing and my taste were more than vindicated,\" said Logan.", "On October 25, 1941, Russell married Danish-American producer Frederick Brisson, son of actor Carl Brisson. Cary Grant was responsible for the couple's having met, and was the best man at Frederick and Rosalind's wedding. Brisson had been traveling from England to the United States by ship in 1939, and \"The Women\" was playing on an endless loop during the voyage. After hearing the audio for the film day after day while traveling, Brisson decided he had better sit down and watch the whole film. He became so enamored with Russell's performance as Sylvia Fowler that he turned to his friends and proclaimed: \"I'm either gonna kill that girl, or I'm gonna marry her.\" (Or so he liked to say.) Brisson stayed with Cary Grant in his guest house while Grant was filming \"His Girl Friday\". Upon hearing that Grant was making the movie with Russell, Brisson asked his friend if he could meet her. Cary Grant then spent weeks greeting Russell each morning on set with the question, \"Have you met Freddie Brisson? \" in an effort to pique the actress's curiosity. One night, when Russell opened her door to let Grant in before they went dancing, as they often did, she found him standing next to a stranger. Grant sheepishly explained that the odd fellow was Freddie Brisson, the man whom he had mentioned so often, and they set off for dinner, with Freddie in tow. Russell and Brisson's marriage lasted 35 years, ending with her death. They had one child, in 1943, a son, Carl Lance Brisson. Russell was a devout Roman Catholic, and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California."], "answer": {"text": "On December 7, 2001, a statue of Grant was unveiled in Millennium Square, a regenerated area next to Bristol Harbour,", "answer_start": 1167}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6bf4e2df38374cd496fbf8644bf1b30f_0_q#1", "question": "Why was this done", "rewrite": "Why was a statue of Cary Grant done?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jamila Wideman Jamila Wideman (born October 16, 1975) is an American lawyer, activist, and former professional basketball player. She is the daughter of author John Edgar Wideman. Wideman was born on October 16, 1975. Her father, John Edgar Wideman, is an African-American author and a professor at Brown University. Her mother, Judith Ann Goldman, is a lawyer.. Until she was 10 years old, Wideman lived in Laramie, Wyoming, where her father taught Creative Writing at the University of Wyoming. In 1986, she moved to Amherst, Massachusetts, where her father accepted a tenured teaching position at the University of Massachusetts. Wideman started on the Amherst Regional High School Varsity team for six straight years, beginning in 7th grade. In her senior year, leading her team to the high school state championship, Wideman averaged 17 points, 6 steals, 6 assists, and 6 rebounds per game. In the State Championship game, she scored 27 points, had 14 steals and 8 assists, with 7 rebounds. In 1992\u20131993, Wideman was named \"USA Today\" First Team High School All-American, Converse High School All-American, Nike High School All-American, Kodak High School All-American, New England High School Player of the Year, Massachusetts High School Player of the Year, and High School All-American by the WBCA. She participated in the WBCA High School All-America Game in 1993, scoring 10 points. Her high school basketball team was the subject of a book, \"In These Girls Hope is a Muscle\", by Madeleine Blais. While in high school, Wideman published poems on the complexities of her racial identity in her high school newspaper. Shortly after the Los Angeles uprisings of 1992, she wrote and published a poem titled \"Black\". Wideman attended Stanford University, where she continued with basketball.", "In much of his writing, Wideman eschews punctuation such as question marks or quotation marks, relying instead on context to identify speakers or discern questions from statements. In some cases, Wideman mixes nonfiction and fiction in the same work. Among scholars, there is discussion as to whether Wideman is properly assessed as a modernist\u2014because of his use of literary style to convey meaning\u2014or as a postmodernist\u2014because of a narrative self-awareness that calls attention to authorship in his work. The scholar D. Quentin Miller, however, argues that Wideman's works \"resist categorization\". While Wideman's work is thematically diverse, some common themes emerge. Most prominently, Wideman is known for his exploration of race, a subject that factors in all of his books. His fiction depicts African-American characters dealing with the challenges and alienation of life in a predominantly white society. His work also depicts the ways that race and racism are constructed by, and manifested in, society\u2014from language to interpersonal relationships to interactions with the state. Another chief concern of Wideman's writing is family, particularly as the key unit of community and cultural survival. Yet family, for Wideman, is inherently contentious: his writing investigates the ways that family is necessary for protection and individual development, while at the same time proving to be something one needs to be protected from in order to find one's true self. This exploration is explicit in \"Brothers and Keepers\", in which Wideman and his brother navigate the complexities of their familial relationship. Another of Wideman's frequent themes is storytelling. Of particular importance is the notion that \"all stories are true\", which Wideman has used in multiple works, including as the title for one of his story collections.", "It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version.", "Dennis Wideman  Dennis Earl Wideman (born March 20, 1983) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). Wideman was drafted in the eighth round, 241st overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. Wideman grew up playing his minor ice hockey in his hometown of Elmira, Ontario, playing for the Woolwich Township Wildcats \"B\" of the OMHA's Tri-County League and the Guelph Reps AAA Bantams of the OMHA's South Central AAA League in 1997\u201398. He played in the 1997 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with Guelph. Wideman spent the 1998\u201399 season with the Elmira Sugar Kings of the Mid-Western Junior Hockey League (MWJHL), scoring 18 goals and 48 points in 47 games. He was then drafted by the Sudbury Wolves of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Wideman began his junior ice hockey career with the Wolves in the 1999\u20132000 season. In his rookie season in Sudbury, he had ten goals and 36 points in 63 games. He then added three points in 12 games in the playoffs. Wideman began 2000\u201301 in Sudbury, scoring seven goals and 18 points in 25 games before being traded to the London Knights. Wideman finished the 2000\u201301 season with London, earning eight goals and 16 points in 24 games with the Knights. In the playoffs, Wideman had four assists in five games. He exploded offensively in the 2001\u201302 season, scoring 27 goals and 69 points in 65 games with London, while registering 141 penalty minutes. In 12 playoff games, Wideman had four goals and 13 points. He had another solid offensive season in 2002\u201303, as Wideman had 20 goals and 47 points in 55 games. He then added six goals and 12 points in", "He spent the 1966-67 academic year at the Iowa Writers Workshop, where he studied under Kurt Vonnegut and Jos\u00e9 Donoso. After leaving the University of Iowa in 1967, Wideman accepted a faculty position at his alma mater, the University of Pennsylvania. That summer, his first novel, \"A Glance Away\", was published. Wideman's editor, Hiram Haydn, had seen his profile in \"LOOK Magazine\" and contacted Wideman before he left for Oxford, asking the aspiring author to send him his writing. While Wideman was at Oxford, Haydn read the unfinished manuscript of \"A Glance Away\" and agreed to publish it. The novel garnered positive reviews. A reviewer in \"The New York Times Book Review\" described Wideman as \"a novelist of high seriousness and depth\" who had written \"a powerfully inventive\" debut. Despite a positive critical reception, however, the novel did not attract a large audience. Responding to student demand, Wideman offered Penn's first classes in African-American literature in 1968. In the same year, his first son, Daniel, was born. Wideman also became an assistant coach for the varsity men's basketball team that he had played for as a student. In 1970, Wideman's second son, Jacob, was born. In the same year, his second novel, \"Hurry Home\", was published. A reviewer for \"The New York Times\" admired the novel's \"dazzling display\" of \"Joycean\" prose and Wideman's \"formidable command of the techniques of fiction\". Wideman's initial courses in African-American literature eventually grew into a program in African American Studies, which Wideman helped to establish. From 1971 to 1973, he served as director of the program. In 1972, he stepped down as an assistant basketball coach."], "answer": {"text": "Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 53}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cary Grant legacy?", "answer": {"text": "On December 7, 2001, a statue of Grant was unveiled in Millennium Square, a regenerated area next to Bristol Harbour,", "answer_start": 1167, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bf4e2df38374cd496fbf8644bf1b30f_0_q#2", "question": "What works was he known for", "rewrite": "What works was Cary Grant known for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version.", "\"The public came to see a combination of \"South Pacific\", \"Algiers\" and \"Mayerling\". With their appetites set for a juicy steak dinner they had been served fish. Exquisitely prepared fish but nevertheless not steak. And the shock to the taste buds caused not only disappointment but anger.\" No movie company offered for the film rights so the producers of the play - Logan, Martin, Boyer and Krasna - agreed to Krasna's offer to buy them himself for $10,000. Krasna did not tell his fellow producers he had lined up Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman to star in a movie. In March 1955 United Artists announced Krasna would direct a film version for that studio. It was originally announced that the film would be made with either Marilyn Monroe or Jayne Mansfield, and with Clark Gable as the male star. Krasna asked Stanley Donen if he wanted to direct while the latter was making \"Kiss Them for Me\" with Cary Grant. Donen agreed \"but only with Cary\". Grant agreed but only if his co star was Ingrid Bergman (the two had last acted together in \"Notorious\"). Bergman agreed provided the film could be shot in England, as she had a theatre commitment in Paris. Krasna agreed to make the changes from the play. Donen and Grant formed a company together to make the movie. In September 1957 Ingrid Bergman announced she and Cary Grant would star in the film for Warners. The film was one of the most popular at the British box office in 1958. It was popular and well reviewed. Logan saw the movie expecting to find it different from the play and was surprised to find it \"ver batim\" like \"Kind Sir\". \"Krasna's writing and my taste were more than vindicated,\" said Logan.", "A series of six films at Paramount came to a crashing halt with his production of \"Make Way for Tomorrow\" in 1937. While the story of an elderly couple who have to be separated for economic and family reasons during the Depression was not without humor in its treatment, the results were too unpopular at the box office and the director was let go. Nonetheless the film was recognized early on for its importance by being selected for the permanent collection of the recently formed Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. In later years it became canonical, and even considered by some as McCarey's masterpiece, due to perceptive champions such as Bertrand Tavernier, Charles Silver and Robin Wood. Later in 1937, invited to Columbia, McCarey earned his first Academy Award for Best Director for \"The Awful Truth\", with Irene Dunne and Cary Grant, a screwball comedy that launched Cary Grant's unique screen persona, largely concocted by McCarey (Grant copied many of McCarey's mannerisms). Along with the similarity in their names, McCarey and Cary Grant shared a physical resemblance, making mimicking McCarey's intonations and expressions even easier for Grant. As writer/director Peter Bogdanovich notes, \"After \"The Awful Truth\", when it came to light comedy, there was Cary Grant and then everyone else was an also-ran.\" After the success of \"The Awful Truth\" McCarey could have become, like Frank Capra , a Columbia contract director with a certain independence, but went his own way, selling the story that would become \"The Cowboy And The Lady\" to Sam Goldwyn and moving to RKO for three films.", "Biographers Morecambe and Stirling believe that Cary Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\". Schickel stated that there are \"very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant, art of a very high and subtle order\", and thought that he was the \"best star actor there ever was in the movies\". David Thomson and directors Stanley Donen and Howard Hawks concurred that Grant was the greatest and most important actor in the history of the cinema. He was a favorite of Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\", and remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for almost 30 years. Wansell wrote: \"To millions of movie-goers around the world, Cary Grant will forever epitomize the glamour, and the style, of Hollywood in its golden years. With his dark hair, and even darker eyes, mischievous smile and effortless elegance, he was, is, and always will be indelibly one of the great movie stars. Since his death in 1986, the incandescence of his screen image has not dimmed for a single moment\". Kael stated that the world still thinks of him affectionately, because he \"embodies what seems a happier time-a time when we had a simpler relationship to a performer.\" Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Penny Serenade (1941) and None But the Lonely Heart (1944), but never won a competitive Oscar; he received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970. The inscription on his statuette read \"To Cary Grant, for his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with respect and affection of his colleagues\".", "On October 25, 1941, Russell married Danish-American producer Frederick Brisson, son of actor Carl Brisson. Cary Grant was responsible for the couple's having met, and was the best man at Frederick and Rosalind's wedding. Brisson had been traveling from England to the United States by ship in 1939, and \"The Women\" was playing on an endless loop during the voyage. After hearing the audio for the film day after day while traveling, Brisson decided he had better sit down and watch the whole film. He became so enamored with Russell's performance as Sylvia Fowler that he turned to his friends and proclaimed: \"I'm either gonna kill that girl, or I'm gonna marry her.\" (Or so he liked to say.) Brisson stayed with Cary Grant in his guest house while Grant was filming \"His Girl Friday\". Upon hearing that Grant was making the movie with Russell, Brisson asked his friend if he could meet her. Cary Grant then spent weeks greeting Russell each morning on set with the question, \"Have you met Freddie Brisson? \" in an effort to pique the actress's curiosity. One night, when Russell opened her door to let Grant in before they went dancing, as they often did, she found him standing next to a stranger. Grant sheepishly explained that the odd fellow was Freddie Brisson, the man whom he had mentioned so often, and they set off for dinner, with Freddie in tow. Russell and Brisson's marriage lasted 35 years, ending with her death. They had one child, in 1943, a son, Carl Lance Brisson. Russell was a devout Roman Catholic, and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California."], "answer": {"text": "According to McCann, ten years earlier they had declared that Grant was \"quite simply, the funniest actor cinema has ever produced\".", "answer_start": 1440}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cary Grant legacy?", "answer": {"text": "On December 7, 2001, a statue of Grant was unveiled in Millennium Square, a regenerated area next to Bristol Harbour,", "answer_start": 1167, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was this done", "answer": {"text": "Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bf4e2df38374cd496fbf8644bf1b30f_0_q#3", "question": "What shows or movies was he in", "rewrite": "What shows or movies was Cary Grant in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Biographers Morecambe and Stirling believe that Cary Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\". Schickel stated that there are \"very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant, art of a very high and subtle order\", and thought that he was the \"best star actor there ever was in the movies\". David Thomson and directors Stanley Donen and Howard Hawks concurred that Grant was the greatest and most important actor in the history of the cinema. He was a favorite of Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\", and remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for almost 30 years. Wansell wrote: \"To millions of movie-goers around the world, Cary Grant will forever epitomize the glamour, and the style, of Hollywood in its golden years. With his dark hair, and even darker eyes, mischievous smile and effortless elegance, he was, is, and always will be indelibly one of the great movie stars. Since his death in 1986, the incandescence of his screen image has not dimmed for a single moment\". Kael stated that the world still thinks of him affectionately, because he \"embodies what seems a happier time-a time when we had a simpler relationship to a performer.\" Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Penny Serenade (1941) and None But the Lonely Heart (1944), but never won a competitive Oscar; he received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970. The inscription on his statuette read \"To Cary Grant, for his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with respect and affection of his colleagues\".", "When the Lights Go Down (book) When The Lights Go Down, Complete Reviews 1975-1980, is the sixth collection of movie reviews by the critic Pauline Kael. All material in the book originally appeared in \"The New Yorker\". The collection begins with an appreciation of Cary Grant. \" Mae West's raucous invitation to him - 'Why don't you come up sometime and see me?' - was echoed thirty years later by Audrey Hepburn in \"Charade\": 'Won't you come in for a minute? I don't bite, you know, unless it's called for.' And then, purringly, 'Do you know what's wrong with you? Nothing.' That might be a summary of Cary Grant, the finest romantic comedian of his era: there's nothing the matter with him.\" . After the profile of Cary Grant the book contains reviews of movies of the second half of the 1970s - more than one hundred and fifty of them. The book is out-of-print in the United States, but is still published by Marion Boyars Publishers in the United Kingdom. \"National Post\" reported that the volume \"sold in impressive numbers\". Matthew Wilder of \"City Pages\" wrote of Kael and offered \"Her peak can be seen in the masterly collection \"When the Lights Go Down\"\". Jim Emersonon of \"Sun Times\" wrote Renata Adler's 7,646-word massive attack on Kael in the \"New York Review of Books\"\", \"...was ostensibly a review of Kael's 1980 collection \" When the Lights Go Down\"\".", "A series of six films at Paramount came to a crashing halt with his production of \"Make Way for Tomorrow\" in 1937. While the story of an elderly couple who have to be separated for economic and family reasons during the Depression was not without humor in its treatment, the results were too unpopular at the box office and the director was let go. Nonetheless the film was recognized early on for its importance by being selected for the permanent collection of the recently formed Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. In later years it became canonical, and even considered by some as McCarey's masterpiece, due to perceptive champions such as Bertrand Tavernier, Charles Silver and Robin Wood. Later in 1937, invited to Columbia, McCarey earned his first Academy Award for Best Director for \"The Awful Truth\", with Irene Dunne and Cary Grant, a screwball comedy that launched Cary Grant's unique screen persona, largely concocted by McCarey (Grant copied many of McCarey's mannerisms). Along with the similarity in their names, McCarey and Cary Grant shared a physical resemblance, making mimicking McCarey's intonations and expressions even easier for Grant. As writer/director Peter Bogdanovich notes, \"After \"The Awful Truth\", when it came to light comedy, there was Cary Grant and then everyone else was an also-ran.\" After the success of \"The Awful Truth\" McCarey could have become, like Frank Capra , a Columbia contract director with a certain independence, but went his own way, selling the story that would become \"The Cowboy And The Lady\" to Sam Goldwyn and moving to RKO for three films.", "It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version.", "\"The public came to see a combination of \"South Pacific\", \"Algiers\" and \"Mayerling\". With their appetites set for a juicy steak dinner they had been served fish. Exquisitely prepared fish but nevertheless not steak. And the shock to the taste buds caused not only disappointment but anger.\" No movie company offered for the film rights so the producers of the play - Logan, Martin, Boyer and Krasna - agreed to Krasna's offer to buy them himself for $10,000. Krasna did not tell his fellow producers he had lined up Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman to star in a movie. In March 1955 United Artists announced Krasna would direct a film version for that studio. It was originally announced that the film would be made with either Marilyn Monroe or Jayne Mansfield, and with Clark Gable as the male star. Krasna asked Stanley Donen if he wanted to direct while the latter was making \"Kiss Them for Me\" with Cary Grant. Donen agreed \"but only with Cary\". Grant agreed but only if his co star was Ingrid Bergman (the two had last acted together in \"Notorious\"). Bergman agreed provided the film could be shot in England, as she had a theatre commitment in Paris. Krasna agreed to make the changes from the play. Donen and Grant formed a company together to make the movie. In September 1957 Ingrid Bergman announced she and Cary Grant would star in the film for Warners. The film was one of the most popular at the British box office in 1958. It was popular and well reviewed. Logan saw the movie expecting to find it different from the play and was surprised to find it \"ver batim\" like \"Kind Sir\". \"Krasna's writing and my taste were more than vindicated,\" said Logan."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cary Grant legacy?", "answer": {"text": "On December 7, 2001, a statue of Grant was unveiled in Millennium Square, a regenerated area next to Bristol Harbour,", "answer_start": 1167, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was this done", "answer": {"text": "Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What works was he known for", "answer": {"text": "According to McCann, ten years earlier they had declared that Grant was \"quite simply, the funniest actor cinema has ever produced\".", "answer_start": 1440, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bf4e2df38374cd496fbf8644bf1b30f_0_q#4", "question": "Did he have any other honors", "rewrite": "Aside from the statue did Cary Grant have any other honors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A series of six films at Paramount came to a crashing halt with his production of \"Make Way for Tomorrow\" in 1937. While the story of an elderly couple who have to be separated for economic and family reasons during the Depression was not without humor in its treatment, the results were too unpopular at the box office and the director was let go. Nonetheless the film was recognized early on for its importance by being selected for the permanent collection of the recently formed Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. In later years it became canonical, and even considered by some as McCarey's masterpiece, due to perceptive champions such as Bertrand Tavernier, Charles Silver and Robin Wood. Later in 1937, invited to Columbia, McCarey earned his first Academy Award for Best Director for \"The Awful Truth\", with Irene Dunne and Cary Grant, a screwball comedy that launched Cary Grant's unique screen persona, largely concocted by McCarey (Grant copied many of McCarey's mannerisms). Along with the similarity in their names, McCarey and Cary Grant shared a physical resemblance, making mimicking McCarey's intonations and expressions even easier for Grant. As writer/director Peter Bogdanovich notes, \"After \"The Awful Truth\", when it came to light comedy, there was Cary Grant and then everyone else was an also-ran.\" After the success of \"The Awful Truth\" McCarey could have become, like Frank Capra , a Columbia contract director with a certain independence, but went his own way, selling the story that would become \"The Cowboy And The Lady\" to Sam Goldwyn and moving to RKO for three films.", "It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version.", "Biographers Morecambe and Stirling believe that Cary Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\". Schickel stated that there are \"very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant, art of a very high and subtle order\", and thought that he was the \"best star actor there ever was in the movies\". David Thomson and directors Stanley Donen and Howard Hawks concurred that Grant was the greatest and most important actor in the history of the cinema. He was a favorite of Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\", and remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for almost 30 years. Wansell wrote: \"To millions of movie-goers around the world, Cary Grant will forever epitomize the glamour, and the style, of Hollywood in its golden years. With his dark hair, and even darker eyes, mischievous smile and effortless elegance, he was, is, and always will be indelibly one of the great movie stars. Since his death in 1986, the incandescence of his screen image has not dimmed for a single moment\". Kael stated that the world still thinks of him affectionately, because he \"embodies what seems a happier time-a time when we had a simpler relationship to a performer.\" Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Penny Serenade (1941) and None But the Lonely Heart (1944), but never won a competitive Oscar; he received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970. The inscription on his statuette read \"To Cary Grant, for his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with respect and affection of his colleagues\".", "\"The public came to see a combination of \"South Pacific\", \"Algiers\" and \"Mayerling\". With their appetites set for a juicy steak dinner they had been served fish. Exquisitely prepared fish but nevertheless not steak. And the shock to the taste buds caused not only disappointment but anger.\" No movie company offered for the film rights so the producers of the play - Logan, Martin, Boyer and Krasna - agreed to Krasna's offer to buy them himself for $10,000. Krasna did not tell his fellow producers he had lined up Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman to star in a movie. In March 1955 United Artists announced Krasna would direct a film version for that studio. It was originally announced that the film would be made with either Marilyn Monroe or Jayne Mansfield, and with Clark Gable as the male star. Krasna asked Stanley Donen if he wanted to direct while the latter was making \"Kiss Them for Me\" with Cary Grant. Donen agreed \"but only with Cary\". Grant agreed but only if his co star was Ingrid Bergman (the two had last acted together in \"Notorious\"). Bergman agreed provided the film could be shot in England, as she had a theatre commitment in Paris. Krasna agreed to make the changes from the play. Donen and Grant formed a company together to make the movie. In September 1957 Ingrid Bergman announced she and Cary Grant would star in the film for Warners. The film was one of the most popular at the British box office in 1958. It was popular and well reviewed. Logan saw the movie expecting to find it different from the play and was surprised to find it \"ver batim\" like \"Kind Sir\". \"Krasna's writing and my taste were more than vindicated,\" said Logan.", "On October 25, 1941, Russell married Danish-American producer Frederick Brisson, son of actor Carl Brisson. Cary Grant was responsible for the couple's having met, and was the best man at Frederick and Rosalind's wedding. Brisson had been traveling from England to the United States by ship in 1939, and \"The Women\" was playing on an endless loop during the voyage. After hearing the audio for the film day after day while traveling, Brisson decided he had better sit down and watch the whole film. He became so enamored with Russell's performance as Sylvia Fowler that he turned to his friends and proclaimed: \"I'm either gonna kill that girl, or I'm gonna marry her.\" (Or so he liked to say.) Brisson stayed with Cary Grant in his guest house while Grant was filming \"His Girl Friday\". Upon hearing that Grant was making the movie with Russell, Brisson asked his friend if he could meet her. Cary Grant then spent weeks greeting Russell each morning on set with the question, \"Have you met Freddie Brisson? \" in an effort to pique the actress's curiosity. One night, when Russell opened her door to let Grant in before they went dancing, as they often did, she found him standing next to a stranger. Grant sheepishly explained that the odd fellow was Freddie Brisson, the man whom he had mentioned so often, and they set off for dinner, with Freddie in tow. Russell and Brisson's marriage lasted 35 years, ending with her death. They had one child, in 1943, a son, Carl Lance Brisson. Russell was a devout Roman Catholic, and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California."], "answer": {"text": "Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Penny Serenade (1941) and None But the Lonely Heart (1944), but never won a competitive Oscar;", "answer_start": 1243}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Cary Grant legacy?", "answer": {"text": "On December 7, 2001, a statue of Grant was unveiled in Millennium Square, a regenerated area next to Bristol Harbour,", "answer_start": 1167, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was this done", "answer": {"text": "Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What works was he known for", "answer": {"text": "According to McCann, ten years earlier they had declared that Grant was \"quite simply, the funniest actor cinema has ever produced\".", "answer_start": 1440, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What shows or movies was he in", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6bf4e2df38374cd496fbf8644bf1b30f_0_q#5", "question": "Did he win any awards", "rewrite": "Did Cary Grant win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A series of six films at Paramount came to a crashing halt with his production of \"Make Way for Tomorrow\" in 1937. While the story of an elderly couple who have to be separated for economic and family reasons during the Depression was not without humor in its treatment, the results were too unpopular at the box office and the director was let go. Nonetheless the film was recognized early on for its importance by being selected for the permanent collection of the recently formed Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. In later years it became canonical, and even considered by some as McCarey's masterpiece, due to perceptive champions such as Bertrand Tavernier, Charles Silver and Robin Wood. Later in 1937, invited to Columbia, McCarey earned his first Academy Award for Best Director for \"The Awful Truth\", with Irene Dunne and Cary Grant, a screwball comedy that launched Cary Grant's unique screen persona, largely concocted by McCarey (Grant copied many of McCarey's mannerisms). Along with the similarity in their names, McCarey and Cary Grant shared a physical resemblance, making mimicking McCarey's intonations and expressions even easier for Grant. As writer/director Peter Bogdanovich notes, \"After \"The Awful Truth\", when it came to light comedy, there was Cary Grant and then everyone else was an also-ran.\" After the success of \"The Awful Truth\" McCarey could have become, like Frank Capra , a Columbia contract director with a certain independence, but went his own way, selling the story that would become \"The Cowboy And The Lady\" to Sam Goldwyn and moving to RKO for three films.", "It is soon revealed that Sellers, the family butler who loaded the pistols, made sure both men were firing blanks while he, Sellers, an expert shot, wounded the Earl with a weapon of his own. As much as she would like to, Hilary cannot bring herself to leave her loving husband for the new man in her life. Delacro drives off, taking Hattie with him. Originally Cary Grant turned down the role of Victor. Afterwards the role was subsequently offered to his friend Rex Harrison and he accepted. However right before production began, Harrison's wife fell gravely ill and he was forced to leave the production in order to tend to her. Grant, out of respect for cast and crew, and to keep the filming running according to schedule, decided then to finally take the part. It was originally intended by director Stanley Donen that Cary Grant would play the part of \"Delacro\", the American tourist, whilst Rex Harrison and his real-life wife Kay Kendall were respectively cast as \"Victor Rhyall\" and \"Hattie\". But Kendall died soon after completing an earlier Stanley Donen film, \"Once More With Feeling\", and Rex Harrison dropped out of the film because of this. Cary Grant agreed to play Victor instead of Delacro, and both Rock Hudson and Charlton Heston were approached about playing the American character. Both refused, and Robert Mitchum was cast quite late in the proceedings, making no fuss at all about taking third-billing. Cary Grant often claimed this had \"saved the film\" and praised his performance highly. Third of four movies that paired Deborah Kerr and Robert Mitchum. Cary Grant's third collaboration with Deborah Kerr. They had previously worked together on Dream Wife (1953) and An Affair to Remember (1957). Moray Watson was the only member of the original stage cast to be retained for the film version.", "On October 25, 1941, Russell married Danish-American producer Frederick Brisson, son of actor Carl Brisson. Cary Grant was responsible for the couple's having met, and was the best man at Frederick and Rosalind's wedding. Brisson had been traveling from England to the United States by ship in 1939, and \"The Women\" was playing on an endless loop during the voyage. After hearing the audio for the film day after day while traveling, Brisson decided he had better sit down and watch the whole film. He became so enamored with Russell's performance as Sylvia Fowler that he turned to his friends and proclaimed: \"I'm either gonna kill that girl, or I'm gonna marry her.\" (Or so he liked to say.) Brisson stayed with Cary Grant in his guest house while Grant was filming \"His Girl Friday\". Upon hearing that Grant was making the movie with Russell, Brisson asked his friend if he could meet her. Cary Grant then spent weeks greeting Russell each morning on set with the question, \"Have you met Freddie Brisson? \" in an effort to pique the actress's curiosity. One night, when Russell opened her door to let Grant in before they went dancing, as they often did, she found him standing next to a stranger. Grant sheepishly explained that the odd fellow was Freddie Brisson, the man whom he had mentioned so often, and they set off for dinner, with Freddie in tow. Russell and Brisson's marriage lasted 35 years, ending with her death. They had one child, in 1943, a son, Carl Lance Brisson. Russell was a devout Roman Catholic, and a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California.", "\"The public came to see a combination of \"South Pacific\", \"Algiers\" and \"Mayerling\". With their appetites set for a juicy steak dinner they had been served fish. Exquisitely prepared fish but nevertheless not steak. And the shock to the taste buds caused not only disappointment but anger.\" No movie company offered for the film rights so the producers of the play - Logan, Martin, Boyer and Krasna - agreed to Krasna's offer to buy them himself for $10,000. Krasna did not tell his fellow producers he had lined up Cary Grant and Ingrid Bergman to star in a movie. In March 1955 United Artists announced Krasna would direct a film version for that studio. It was originally announced that the film would be made with either Marilyn Monroe or Jayne Mansfield, and with Clark Gable as the male star. Krasna asked Stanley Donen if he wanted to direct while the latter was making \"Kiss Them for Me\" with Cary Grant. Donen agreed \"but only with Cary\". Grant agreed but only if his co star was Ingrid Bergman (the two had last acted together in \"Notorious\"). Bergman agreed provided the film could be shot in England, as she had a theatre commitment in Paris. Krasna agreed to make the changes from the play. Donen and Grant formed a company together to make the movie. In September 1957 Ingrid Bergman announced she and Cary Grant would star in the film for Warners. The film was one of the most popular at the British box office in 1958. It was popular and well reviewed. Logan saw the movie expecting to find it different from the play and was surprised to find it \"ver batim\" like \"Kind Sir\". \"Krasna's writing and my taste were more than vindicated,\" said Logan.", "Biographers Morecambe and Stirling believe that Cary Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\". Schickel stated that there are \"very few stars who achieve the magnitude of Cary Grant, art of a very high and subtle order\", and thought that he was the \"best star actor there ever was in the movies\". David Thomson and directors Stanley Donen and Howard Hawks concurred that Grant was the greatest and most important actor in the history of the cinema. He was a favorite of Hitchcock, who admired him and called him \"the only actor I ever loved in my whole life\", and remained one of Hollywood's top box-office attractions for almost 30 years. Wansell wrote: \"To millions of movie-goers around the world, Cary Grant will forever epitomize the glamour, and the style, of Hollywood in its golden years. With his dark hair, and even darker eyes, mischievous smile and effortless elegance, he was, is, and always will be indelibly one of the great movie stars. Since his death in 1986, the incandescence of his screen image has not dimmed for a single moment\". Kael stated that the world still thinks of him affectionately, because he \"embodies what seems a happier time-a time when we had a simpler relationship to a performer.\" Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Penny Serenade (1941) and None But the Lonely Heart (1944), but never won a competitive Oscar; he received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970. The inscription on his statuette read \"To Cary Grant, for his unique mastery of the art of screen acting with respect and affection of his colleagues\"."], "answer": {"text": "he received a special Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1970.", "answer_start": 1386}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Cary Grant legacy?", "answer": {"text": "On December 7, 2001, a statue of Grant was unveiled in Millennium Square, a regenerated area next to Bristol Harbour,", "answer_start": 1167, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was this done", "answer": {"text": "Grant was the \"greatest leading man Hollywood had ever known\".", "answer_start": 53, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What works was he known for", "answer": {"text": "According to McCann, ten years earlier they had declared that Grant was \"quite simply, the funniest actor cinema has ever produced\".", "answer_start": 1440, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What shows or movies was he in", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other honors", "answer": {"text": "Grant was nominated for two Academy Awards, for Penny Serenade (1941) and None But the Lonely Heart (1944), but never won a competitive Oscar;", "answer_start": 1243, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7066f89a17424124907145146cba905c_0_q#0", "question": "Was there any sexual assault allegations against Julian Assange?", "rewrite": "Was there any sexual assault allegations against Julian Assange?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\" More recently, in an article on the subtle manipulation of George W. Bush's image among women, Wolf wrote \"Abortion is an issue not of \"Ms.\" Magazine-style fanaticism or suicidal Republican religious reaction, but a complex issue.\" Wolf suggested in 2003 that the ubiquity of internet pornography tends to enervate the sexual attraction of men toward typical real women. She writes, \"The onslaught of porn is responsible for deadening male libido in relation to real women, and leading men to see fewer and fewer women as 'porn-worthy.' Far from having to fend off porn-crazed young men, young women are worrying that as mere flesh and blood, they can scarcely get, let alone hold, their attention. \" Wolf advocates abstaining from porn not on moral grounds, but because \"greater supply of the stimulant equals diminished capacity.\" Wolf has examined how modern Western women, born in inclusive, egalitarian liberal democracies, are assuming positions of leadership in neofascist political movements: Wolf has spoken about the dress required of women living in Muslim countries: The December 20, 2010 airing of \"Democracy Now!\" featured a segment titled \"Naomi Wolf vs. Jaclyn Friedman: Feminists Debate the Sexual Allegations Against Julian Assange\" in which Jaclyn Friedman argues the sexual assault allegations against WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange shouldn't be dismissed just because they may be politically motivated. Wolf argues that the alleged victims should have said no, that they consented to having sex with Assange, that the charges are politically motivated and demean the cause of legitimate rape victims. The discussion took place shortly after the leaking of the Swedish police report on the incident.", "That same day, the National Party's deputy leader Paula Bennett claimed under parliamentary privilege that several of the Prime Minister's senior staff members and a Cabinet minister including Ardern's former chief of staff Mike Munro, current chief press secretary Andrew Campbell, and the director of the Labour leader's office Rob Salmond were aware of the sexual allegations. On 12 September, the male Labour staffer accused of bullying and sexual assault resigned. He stated that he was cooperating with the Dew Inquiry and denied the allegations against him. On 16 September, Prime Minister Ardern announced that Labour would be holding a second inquiry into its response to the sexual assault allegations made against the staffer. Simon Mitchell, the lawyer tasked with leading Labour's investigation into the misconduct, stated that he was unaware of the sexual assault allegations until they were first reported by the media. National Party deputy leader Bennett claimed that the proposed inquiry did not go far enough and alleged that Finance Minister Grant Robertson had been aware of the sexual assault allegations as early as June 2019. On 20 October, Jacinda Ardern announced that the Cabinet would consist of 20 members, of which 16 would be from the Labour Party and 4 from New Zealand First. A further five Labour MPs would sit outside of Cabinet, along with three Green MPs. On 27 Jun 2019, a cabinet reshuffle occurred.", "Assange visited Sweden in August 2010. During his visit, he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex. He was questioned, the case was initially closed, and he was told he could leave the country. In November 2010, however, the case was re-opened by a special prosecutor who said that she wanted to question Assange over two counts of sexual molestation, one count of unlawful coercion and one count of \"lesser-degree rape\" (mindre grov valdtakt). Assange denied the allegations and said he was happy to face questions in Britain. In 2010, the prosecutor said Swedish law prevented her from questioning anyone by video link or in the London embassy. In March 2015, after public criticism from other Swedish law practitioners, she changed her mind and agreed to interrogate Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy in London, with interviews finally beginning on 14 November 2016. These interviews involved police, Swedish prosecutors and Ecuadorian officials and were eventually published online. By this time, the statute of limitations had expired on all three of the less serious allegations. Since the Swedish prosecutor had not interviewed Assange by 18 August 2015, the questioning pertained only to the open investigation of \"lesser degree rape\", whose statute of limitations is due to expire in 2020. On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange, claiming they could not expect the Ecuadorian Embassy to communicate reliably with Assange with respect to the case. Chief prosecutor Marianne Ny officially revoked his arrest warrant, but said the investigation could still be resumed if Assange visited Sweden before August 2020. \"We are not making any pronouncement about guilt\", she said.", "Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin.", "In 2010, Swedish authorities issued a European Arrest Warrant to extradite Assange from Britain to Sweden for questioning in relation to sexual assault allegations made against him there. Assange was arrested in England, before being freed on conditional bail until a decision would be made as to whether or not he should be extradited to Sweden. Assange recorded his lines over the phone while under house arrest in England. Jean, who directed Assange's performance from Los Angeles, only acquired a phone number to call and received no information about the whereabouts of the activist. According to Jean in an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", \"The Simpsons\" creator Matt Groening had found out through a rumor that Assange wanted to appear on the show. Casting director Bonnie Pietila was therefore given the task to contact Assange and make sure the guest appearance could happen. The episode features no reference to Assange's legal situation at the time of his recording. Jean commented that he is \"a controversial figure, and there's a good reason he's controversial. There was discussion internally whether or not to have him on the show, but ultimately we went ahead and did it. \" Groening has said in an interview that \"We [the staff] dare ourselves to do things and Julian Assange was a dare.\" To promote the 500th episode milestone, the Fox network, which airs \"The Simpsons\", attempted to break the Guinness World Record for longest continuous television viewing by arranging a marathon screening of the show's episodes at Hollywood & Highland. The record of 86 hours, six minutes, and 41 seconds was set in 2010 when three people watched all episodes of the Fox show \"24\". A hundred fans were selected to participate in the \"Simpsons\" marathon, which was also a contest to determine which fan could last the longest into the marathon."], "answer": {"text": "he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex.", "answer_start": 57}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7066f89a17424124907145146cba905c_0_q#1", "question": "Did he get in trouble for this?", "rewrite": "Did Julian Assange get in trouble for the Swedish sexual assault allegations?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2010, Swedish authorities issued a European Arrest Warrant to extradite Assange from Britain to Sweden for questioning in relation to sexual assault allegations made against him there. Assange was arrested in England, before being freed on conditional bail until a decision would be made as to whether or not he should be extradited to Sweden. Assange recorded his lines over the phone while under house arrest in England. Jean, who directed Assange's performance from Los Angeles, only acquired a phone number to call and received no information about the whereabouts of the activist. According to Jean in an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", \"The Simpsons\" creator Matt Groening had found out through a rumor that Assange wanted to appear on the show. Casting director Bonnie Pietila was therefore given the task to contact Assange and make sure the guest appearance could happen. The episode features no reference to Assange's legal situation at the time of his recording. Jean commented that he is \"a controversial figure, and there's a good reason he's controversial. There was discussion internally whether or not to have him on the show, but ultimately we went ahead and did it. \" Groening has said in an interview that \"We [the staff] dare ourselves to do things and Julian Assange was a dare.\" To promote the 500th episode milestone, the Fox network, which airs \"The Simpsons\", attempted to break the Guinness World Record for longest continuous television viewing by arranging a marathon screening of the show's episodes at Hollywood & Highland. The record of 86 hours, six minutes, and 41 seconds was set in 2010 when three people watched all episodes of the Fox show \"24\". A hundred fans were selected to participate in the \"Simpsons\" marathon, which was also a contest to determine which fan could last the longest into the marathon.", "Assange visited Sweden in August 2010. During his visit, he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex. He was questioned, the case was initially closed, and he was told he could leave the country. In November 2010, however, the case was re-opened by a special prosecutor who said that she wanted to question Assange over two counts of sexual molestation, one count of unlawful coercion and one count of \"lesser-degree rape\" (mindre grov valdtakt). Assange denied the allegations and said he was happy to face questions in Britain. In 2010, the prosecutor said Swedish law prevented her from questioning anyone by video link or in the London embassy. In March 2015, after public criticism from other Swedish law practitioners, she changed her mind and agreed to interrogate Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy in London, with interviews finally beginning on 14 November 2016. These interviews involved police, Swedish prosecutors and Ecuadorian officials and were eventually published online. By this time, the statute of limitations had expired on all three of the less serious allegations. Since the Swedish prosecutor had not interviewed Assange by 18 August 2015, the questioning pertained only to the open investigation of \"lesser degree rape\", whose statute of limitations is due to expire in 2020. On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange, claiming they could not expect the Ecuadorian Embassy to communicate reliably with Assange with respect to the case. Chief prosecutor Marianne Ny officially revoked his arrest warrant, but said the investigation could still be resumed if Assange visited Sweden before August 2020. \"We are not making any pronouncement about guilt\", she said.", "Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin.", "Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority  Assange v The Swedish Prosecution Authority were the set of legal proceedings in the United Kingdom concerning the requested extradition of Julian Assange to Sweden to further a 'preliminary investigation' into accusations of his having committed sexual offences. The proceedings began in 2012 and on 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that they would drop their investigation into three of the allegations against Assange, because of the expiration of the statute of limitations. The investigation into the allegation of rape, as of 19 May 2017, has been dropped by Swedish authorities. A disputed issue over the course of the legal proceedings was the claimed fear that Assange could ultimately be extradited to United States of America should he be sent to Sweden. In May 2019, Swedish prosecutors reopened the investigation against Assange. The prosecutors mentioned their intent to seek extradition of Assange from the United Kingdom after he has served his 50-week prison sentence for skipping bail. In June 2019 the Uppsala District Court denied a request to have Assange detained and thereby prevented Assange's extradition to Sweden. It said the Swedish investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden and the prosecutor said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. On 20 August 2010, two women, a 26-year-old living in Enk\u00f6ping and a 31-year-old living in Stockholm, reported to the Swedish police that Assange had engaged in unprotected sexual activity with them that violated the scope of their consent. The police told them that they could not simply tell Assange to take an STD test, but that their statements would be passed to a prosecutor. The next day, the case was transferred to Chefs\u00e5klagare (Chief Public Prosecutor) Eva Finn\u00e9.", "\" More recently, in an article on the subtle manipulation of George W. Bush's image among women, Wolf wrote \"Abortion is an issue not of \"Ms.\" Magazine-style fanaticism or suicidal Republican religious reaction, but a complex issue.\" Wolf suggested in 2003 that the ubiquity of internet pornography tends to enervate the sexual attraction of men toward typical real women. She writes, \"The onslaught of porn is responsible for deadening male libido in relation to real women, and leading men to see fewer and fewer women as 'porn-worthy.' Far from having to fend off porn-crazed young men, young women are worrying that as mere flesh and blood, they can scarcely get, let alone hold, their attention. \" Wolf advocates abstaining from porn not on moral grounds, but because \"greater supply of the stimulant equals diminished capacity.\" Wolf has examined how modern Western women, born in inclusive, egalitarian liberal democracies, are assuming positions of leadership in neofascist political movements: Wolf has spoken about the dress required of women living in Muslim countries: The December 20, 2010 airing of \"Democracy Now!\" featured a segment titled \"Naomi Wolf vs. Jaclyn Friedman: Feminists Debate the Sexual Allegations Against Julian Assange\" in which Jaclyn Friedman argues the sexual assault allegations against WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange shouldn't be dismissed just because they may be politically motivated. Wolf argues that the alleged victims should have said no, that they consented to having sex with Assange, that the charges are politically motivated and demean the cause of legitimate rape victims. The discussion took place shortly after the leaking of the Swedish police report on the incident."], "answer": {"text": "On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange,", "answer_start": 1345}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was there any sexual assault allegations against Julian Assange?", "answer": {"text": "he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7066f89a17424124907145146cba905c_0_q#2", "question": "Were the women mad about this?", "rewrite": "Were the women mad about the Swedish authorities dropping the investigation against Assange?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Because Assange did not comply with his bail conditions, his supporters forfeited \u00a393,500. Assange remained in the Ecuadorian embassy until 11 April 2019, when he was arrested by the Metropolitan Police Service (for violating his 2012 bail conditions) after the police were invited in by the Ambassador of Ecuador to the United Kingdom. Assange \u2019s lawyers invited the Swedish prosecutor four times to come and question him at the embassy, but the offer was refused. In March 2015, faced with the prospect of the Swedish statute of limitations expiring for some of the allegations, the prosecutor relented and agreed to question Assange in the Ecuadorean embassy. The UK agreed to the interview in May awaiting Ecuadorean approval. Assange said he would go to Sweden if provided with a diplomatic guarantee that he would not be turned over to the United States, to which the Swedish foreign ministry stated that Sweden's legislation does not allow any judicial decision like extradition to be predetermined. However, the Swedish government is free to reject extradition requests from non-EU countries, independent of any court decision. Assange was arrested in his absence and wanted for questioning in relation to accusations against him of rape and sexual molestation. This was the first step in the criminal prosecution procedure in Sweden, and only after the questioning would the prosecution authority be able to formally indict him. On 20 October 2015, a new batch of documents resulting from a FOIA request to the Swedish authorities filed by the Italian news magazine \"l'Espresso\" was published online. They contain records of correspondence between the Swedish Prosecution Authority and the Crown Prosecution Service. A CPS lawyer wrote in an email to Marianne Ny that \"it would not be prudent for the Swedish authorities to try to interview the defendant in the UK...", "The warrant was appealed to the Svea Court of Appeal which upheld its issuance, but lowered it to suspicion of rape of a lesser degree, unlawful coercion and two cases of sexual molestation rather than three. The warrant was also appealed to the Supreme Court of Sweden, which decided not to hear the case. Assange's legal team argued that there is no such thing as \"minor rape\", that \"rape\" is a mistranslation from Swedish, and that the allegations given do not meet the English or European legal definition of \"rape\". At this time Assange had been living in the United Kingdom for 1\u20132 months. An extradition hearing took place in an English court in February 2011 to consider an application by Swedish authorities for the extradition of Assange to Sweden. The outcome of the hearing was announced on 24 February 2011, when the extradition warrant was upheld. Assange appealed to the High Court. On 2 November 2011, the court upheld the extradition decision and rejected all four grounds for the appeal as presented by Assange's legal representatives. \u00a319,000 costs was also awarded against Assange. On 5 December 2011, Assange was refused permission by the High Court to appeal to the Supreme Court. The High Court certified that his case raised a point of law of general public importance. The Supreme Court subsequently granted permission to appeal, and heard the appeal on 1 and 2 February 2012. The court reserved its judgment and dismissed the appeal on 30 May 2012. Assange has said the investigation is \"without basis\". He remained on conditional bail in the United Kingdom. On 19 June 2012, Assange sought refuge at Ecuador's Embassy in London and was granted temporary asylum. On 16 August 2012, he was granted full asylum by the Ecuadorian government.", "On 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that, as the statute of limitations for the less serious allegations had run out, and they had not succeeded in interviewing Assange, they would end part of their preliminary investigation. After 18 August 2015, Assange could no longer be charged for any of the three less serious charges. However, the preliminary investigation into the more serious allegation remained open as the statute of limitations for this charge was not expected to expire until 2020. Swedish authorities interviewed Assange on this allegation in November 2016. On 19 May 2017, the Swedish chief prosecutor applied to the Stockholm District Court to rescind the arrest warrant for Julian Assange, effectively ceasing their investigation against Julian Assange. The case may be reinstated until the expiration of the statute of limitations. Additionally, Britain's arrest warrant pertaining to bail violations remains open. In 2013, Sweden tried to drop Assange extradition but the English Crown Prosecution Service dissuaded them from doing so. In May 2019 Swedish Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions Eva-Marie Persson applied to have Assange detained as a prelude to the issue of a European arrest warrant and extradition to Sweden. The Uppsala District Court denied the request stating that the investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden. Persson said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. Assange presented himself to the Metropolitan Police on December 7, 2010, and was remanded to London's Wandsworth Prison. On 16 December, he was granted bail with bail conditions of residence at Ellingham Hall, Norfolk, and wearing of an electronic tag. Bail was set at \u00a3240,000 surety with a deposit of \u00a3200,000 ($312,700).", "Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority  Assange v The Swedish Prosecution Authority were the set of legal proceedings in the United Kingdom concerning the requested extradition of Julian Assange to Sweden to further a 'preliminary investigation' into accusations of his having committed sexual offences. The proceedings began in 2012 and on 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that they would drop their investigation into three of the allegations against Assange, because of the expiration of the statute of limitations. The investigation into the allegation of rape, as of 19 May 2017, has been dropped by Swedish authorities. A disputed issue over the course of the legal proceedings was the claimed fear that Assange could ultimately be extradited to United States of America should he be sent to Sweden. In May 2019, Swedish prosecutors reopened the investigation against Assange. The prosecutors mentioned their intent to seek extradition of Assange from the United Kingdom after he has served his 50-week prison sentence for skipping bail. In June 2019 the Uppsala District Court denied a request to have Assange detained and thereby prevented Assange's extradition to Sweden. It said the Swedish investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden and the prosecutor said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. On 20 August 2010, two women, a 26-year-old living in Enk\u00f6ping and a 31-year-old living in Stockholm, reported to the Swedish police that Assange had engaged in unprotected sexual activity with them that violated the scope of their consent. The police told them that they could not simply tell Assange to take an STD test, but that their statements would be passed to a prosecutor. The next day, the case was transferred to Chefs\u00e5klagare (Chief Public Prosecutor) Eva Finn\u00e9.", "Assange visited Sweden in August 2010. During his visit, he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex. He was questioned, the case was initially closed, and he was told he could leave the country. In November 2010, however, the case was re-opened by a special prosecutor who said that she wanted to question Assange over two counts of sexual molestation, one count of unlawful coercion and one count of \"lesser-degree rape\" (mindre grov valdtakt). Assange denied the allegations and said he was happy to face questions in Britain. In 2010, the prosecutor said Swedish law prevented her from questioning anyone by video link or in the London embassy. In March 2015, after public criticism from other Swedish law practitioners, she changed her mind and agreed to interrogate Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy in London, with interviews finally beginning on 14 November 2016. These interviews involved police, Swedish prosecutors and Ecuadorian officials and were eventually published online. By this time, the statute of limitations had expired on all three of the less serious allegations. Since the Swedish prosecutor had not interviewed Assange by 18 August 2015, the questioning pertained only to the open investigation of \"lesser degree rape\", whose statute of limitations is due to expire in 2020. On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange, claiming they could not expect the Ecuadorian Embassy to communicate reliably with Assange with respect to the case. Chief prosecutor Marianne Ny officially revoked his arrest warrant, but said the investigation could still be resumed if Assange visited Sweden before August 2020. \"We are not making any pronouncement about guilt\", she said."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Was there any sexual assault allegations against Julian Assange?", "answer": {"text": "he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get in trouble for this?", "answer": {"text": "On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange,", "answer_start": 1345, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7066f89a17424124907145146cba905c_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Julian Assange becoming the subject of sexual assault allegations, Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin.", "World Tomorrow World Tomorrow, or The Julian Assange Show, is a 2012 television program series of 26-minute political interviews hosted by WikiLeaks founder and editor Julian Assange. Twelve episodes were shot prior to the program's premiere. It first aired on 17 April 2012, the 500th day of the \"financial blockade\" of WikiLeaks, on Russia's state sponsored RT. The show is produced by Quick Roll Productions, which was established by Julian Assange with the assistance of Dartmouth Films. It is distributed by Journeyman Pictures and broadcast internationally in English, Arabic, and Spanish by RT and Italian newspaper \"L'espresso\", who both make the program available online. The theme for the show was composed by M.I.A.. Assange stated that it had not been possible to interview Ai Weiwei or Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of RT, told the daily \"Moskovskii Komsomolets\" that Assange will resume making shows and allowing them to be broadcast on Russian television once his legal troubles are over. In his \"The New York Times\" blog, Robert Mackey called RT \"a strange partner\" for Assange while Robert Colvile inveighed Assange's show by writing, \"After Wikileaks \u2013 and its mission to change the world \u2013 collapsed under the weight of its leader\u2019s ego, Assange started hosting a TV show sponsored by that noted friend of freedom, Vladimir Putin.\" In an article for \"The Guardian\", Luke Harding described the show as proof that Assange was a \"useful idiot\".", "\" More recently, in an article on the subtle manipulation of George W. Bush's image among women, Wolf wrote \"Abortion is an issue not of \"Ms.\" Magazine-style fanaticism or suicidal Republican religious reaction, but a complex issue.\" Wolf suggested in 2003 that the ubiquity of internet pornography tends to enervate the sexual attraction of men toward typical real women. She writes, \"The onslaught of porn is responsible for deadening male libido in relation to real women, and leading men to see fewer and fewer women as 'porn-worthy.' Far from having to fend off porn-crazed young men, young women are worrying that as mere flesh and blood, they can scarcely get, let alone hold, their attention. \" Wolf advocates abstaining from porn not on moral grounds, but because \"greater supply of the stimulant equals diminished capacity.\" Wolf has examined how modern Western women, born in inclusive, egalitarian liberal democracies, are assuming positions of leadership in neofascist political movements: Wolf has spoken about the dress required of women living in Muslim countries: The December 20, 2010 airing of \"Democracy Now!\" featured a segment titled \"Naomi Wolf vs. Jaclyn Friedman: Feminists Debate the Sexual Allegations Against Julian Assange\" in which Jaclyn Friedman argues the sexual assault allegations against WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange shouldn't be dismissed just because they may be politically motivated. Wolf argues that the alleged victims should have said no, that they consented to having sex with Assange, that the charges are politically motivated and demean the cause of legitimate rape victims. The discussion took place shortly after the leaking of the Swedish police report on the incident.", "Assange visited Sweden in August 2010. During his visit, he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex. He was questioned, the case was initially closed, and he was told he could leave the country. In November 2010, however, the case was re-opened by a special prosecutor who said that she wanted to question Assange over two counts of sexual molestation, one count of unlawful coercion and one count of \"lesser-degree rape\" (mindre grov valdtakt). Assange denied the allegations and said he was happy to face questions in Britain. In 2010, the prosecutor said Swedish law prevented her from questioning anyone by video link or in the London embassy. In March 2015, after public criticism from other Swedish law practitioners, she changed her mind and agreed to interrogate Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy in London, with interviews finally beginning on 14 November 2016. These interviews involved police, Swedish prosecutors and Ecuadorian officials and were eventually published online. By this time, the statute of limitations had expired on all three of the less serious allegations. Since the Swedish prosecutor had not interviewed Assange by 18 August 2015, the questioning pertained only to the open investigation of \"lesser degree rape\", whose statute of limitations is due to expire in 2020. On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange, claiming they could not expect the Ecuadorian Embassy to communicate reliably with Assange with respect to the case. Chief prosecutor Marianne Ny officially revoked his arrest warrant, but said the investigation could still be resumed if Assange visited Sweden before August 2020. \"We are not making any pronouncement about guilt\", she said.", "In 2010, Swedish authorities issued a European Arrest Warrant to extradite Assange from Britain to Sweden for questioning in relation to sexual assault allegations made against him there. Assange was arrested in England, before being freed on conditional bail until a decision would be made as to whether or not he should be extradited to Sweden. Assange recorded his lines over the phone while under house arrest in England. Jean, who directed Assange's performance from Los Angeles, only acquired a phone number to call and received no information about the whereabouts of the activist. According to Jean in an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", \"The Simpsons\" creator Matt Groening had found out through a rumor that Assange wanted to appear on the show. Casting director Bonnie Pietila was therefore given the task to contact Assange and make sure the guest appearance could happen. The episode features no reference to Assange's legal situation at the time of his recording. Jean commented that he is \"a controversial figure, and there's a good reason he's controversial. There was discussion internally whether or not to have him on the show, but ultimately we went ahead and did it. \" Groening has said in an interview that \"We [the staff] dare ourselves to do things and Julian Assange was a dare.\" To promote the 500th episode milestone, the Fox network, which airs \"The Simpsons\", attempted to break the Guinness World Record for longest continuous television viewing by arranging a marathon screening of the show's episodes at Hollywood & Highland. The record of 86 hours, six minutes, and 41 seconds was set in 2010 when three people watched all episodes of the Fox show \"24\". A hundred fans were selected to participate in the \"Simpsons\" marathon, which was also a contest to determine which fan could last the longest into the marathon."], "answer": {"text": "Marianne Ny officially revoked his arrest warrant, but said the investigation could still be resumed if Assange visited Sweden before August 2020. \"", "answer_start": 1564}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was there any sexual assault allegations against Julian Assange?", "answer": {"text": "he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get in trouble for this?", "answer": {"text": "On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange,", "answer_start": 1345, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were the women mad about this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7066f89a17424124907145146cba905c_0_q#4", "question": "Did Julian do anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Did Julian Assange do anything else interesting, aside from sexually assaulting two women in Sweden?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority  Assange v The Swedish Prosecution Authority were the set of legal proceedings in the United Kingdom concerning the requested extradition of Julian Assange to Sweden to further a 'preliminary investigation' into accusations of his having committed sexual offences. The proceedings began in 2012 and on 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that they would drop their investigation into three of the allegations against Assange, because of the expiration of the statute of limitations. The investigation into the allegation of rape, as of 19 May 2017, has been dropped by Swedish authorities. A disputed issue over the course of the legal proceedings was the claimed fear that Assange could ultimately be extradited to United States of America should he be sent to Sweden. In May 2019, Swedish prosecutors reopened the investigation against Assange. The prosecutors mentioned their intent to seek extradition of Assange from the United Kingdom after he has served his 50-week prison sentence for skipping bail. In June 2019 the Uppsala District Court denied a request to have Assange detained and thereby prevented Assange's extradition to Sweden. It said the Swedish investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden and the prosecutor said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. On 20 August 2010, two women, a 26-year-old living in Enk\u00f6ping and a 31-year-old living in Stockholm, reported to the Swedish police that Assange had engaged in unprotected sexual activity with them that violated the scope of their consent. The police told them that they could not simply tell Assange to take an STD test, but that their statements would be passed to a prosecutor. The next day, the case was transferred to Chefs\u00e5klagare (Chief Public Prosecutor) Eva Finn\u00e9.", "On 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that, as the statute of limitations for the less serious allegations had run out, and they had not succeeded in interviewing Assange, they would end part of their preliminary investigation. After 18 August 2015, Assange could no longer be charged for any of the three less serious charges. However, the preliminary investigation into the more serious allegation remained open as the statute of limitations for this charge was not expected to expire until 2020. Swedish authorities interviewed Assange on this allegation in November 2016. On 19 May 2017, the Swedish chief prosecutor applied to the Stockholm District Court to rescind the arrest warrant for Julian Assange, effectively ceasing their investigation against Julian Assange. The case may be reinstated until the expiration of the statute of limitations. Additionally, Britain's arrest warrant pertaining to bail violations remains open. In 2013, Sweden tried to drop Assange extradition but the English Crown Prosecution Service dissuaded them from doing so. In May 2019 Swedish Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions Eva-Marie Persson applied to have Assange detained as a prelude to the issue of a European arrest warrant and extradition to Sweden. The Uppsala District Court denied the request stating that the investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden. Persson said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. Assange presented himself to the Metropolitan Police on December 7, 2010, and was remanded to London's Wandsworth Prison. On 16 December, he was granted bail with bail conditions of residence at Ellingham Hall, Norfolk, and wearing of an electronic tag. Bail was set at \u00a3240,000 surety with a deposit of \u00a3200,000 ($312,700).", "In answer to questions surrounding the incidents, the following day, Finn\u00e9 declared, \"I don't think there is reason to suspect that he has committed rape\". However, Karin Rosander from the Swedish Prosecution Authority, said Assange remained suspected of molestation. Police gave no further comment at the time, but continued the investigation. After learning of the investigation, Assange said, \"The charges are without basis and their issue at this moment is deeply disturbing\". The preliminary investigation concerning suspected rape was discontinued by Finn\u00e9 on 25 August, but two days later Claes Borgstr\u00f6m, the attorney representing the two women, requested a review of the prosecutor's decision to terminate part of the investigation. On 30 August, Assange was questioned by the Stockholm police regarding the allegations of sexual molestation. He denied the allegations, saying he had consensual sexual encounters with the two women. On 1 September 2010, \u00d6ver\u00e5klagare (Director of Public Prosecution) Marianne Ny decided to resume the preliminary investigation concerning all of the original allegations. On 18 August 2010, Assange had applied for a work and residence permit in Sweden. On 18 October 2010, his request was denied. He left Sweden on 27 September 2010. Assange's London lawyer Mark Stephens said that Assange had asked to be interviewed by prosecutors before leaving Sweden but was told he could leave the country without being interviewed. Swedish prosecutors said that on the day Assange left Sweden they had informed Assange's Swedish lawyer Bj\u00f6rn Hurtig that an arrest warrant would be issued for Assange. On 18 November 2010, Marianne Ny ordered the detention of Julian Assange on suspicion of rape, three cases of sexual molestation and unlawful coercion. The Stockholm District Court acceded to the order and issued a European Arrest Warrant to execute it.", "Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin.", "The Ecuadorian Government asked the United Kingdom for guarantees so Assange could face, without obstacles, the open legal proceedings in Sweden. Among such guarantees were that once his legal responsibilities were faced in Sweden, he would not be further extradited to a third country; before which, no displays of wanting to achieve political commitments were received. The lawyers of the Australian citizen requested to the Swedish justice that it take Assange\u2019s declarations at the premises of the Ecuadorian Embassy in London. Ecuador officially stated its will to ease up this interview so as not to interfere or obstruct the legal proceedings that were developing in Sweden, a measure that is legally feasible. Sweden did not accept it. On the other hand, Ecuador consulted the possibility that the Swedish government would establish guarantees so Assange would not be extradited from that country to the United States. Again, it received a negative answer. Finally, Ecuador addressed a communication to the Government of the United States in order to officially get to know its position on the Assange case. Consultations revolved around enquiring if a legal proceeding against Julian Assange and/or the creators of WikiLeaks was taking place, or if there was any intention of doing so; what kind of laws, which conditions, and maximum penalties these people would be subjected to; and if there was any intention of requesting Julian Assange\u2019s extradition to the United States. Its response was that it could not provide information on the matter, alleging it was a bilateral issue between Ecuador and the United Kingdom. Amid the dialogues Ecuador was holding with the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the United States, on 15 August, Pati\u00f1o condemned the British threat of taking actions in order to arrest Julian Assange by entering the premises of the Ecuadorian Embassy in London."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was there any sexual assault allegations against Julian Assange?", "answer": {"text": "he became the subject of sexual assault allegations from two women with whom he had sex.", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he get in trouble for this?", "answer": {"text": "On 19 May 2017, the Swedish authorities dropped their investigation against Assange,", "answer_start": 1345, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were the women mad about this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Marianne Ny officially revoked his arrest warrant, but said the investigation could still be resumed if Assange visited Sweden before August 2020. \"", "answer_start": 1564, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#0", "question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "rewrite": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They suggested that the government should issue grants to aid the foundation of libraries and that the Museums Act 1845 should be amended and extended to allow for a tax to be levied for the establishment of public libraries. Objections were raised about the increase in taxation, the potential infringement on private enterprise and the existing library provision such as mechanics' institutes and the fear that it would give rise to \"unhealthy social agitation\". The Bill passed through Parliament as most MPs felt that public libraries would provide facilities for self-improvement through books and reading for all classes, and that the greater levels of education attained by providing public libraries would result in lower crime rates. Salford Museum and Art Gallery first opened in November 1850 as \"The Royal Museum & Public Library\", as the first unconditionally free public library in England. The library in Campfield, Manchester was the first library to operate a \"free\" lending library without subscription in 1852. Norwich lays claim to being the first municipality to adopt the Public Libraries Act 1850 (which allowed any municipal borough with a population of 100,000 or more to introduce a halfpenny rate to establish public libraries\u2014although not to buy books). Norwich was the eleventh library to open, in 1857, after Winchester, Manchester, Liverpool, Bolton, Kidderminster, Cambridge, Birkenhead and Sheffield. The 1850 Act was noteworthy because it established the principle of free public libraries. In 1866, an amending Act was passed which eliminated entirely the population limit for the establishment of a library and replaced the two-thirds majority previously required for adoption with a simple majority. It also allowed neighbouring parishes to combine with an existing or potential library authority. Despite the rise in the level of tax public libraries could levy, it was still very difficult for boroughs to raise enough capital to fund new libraries.", "List of libraries in Australia The following is a list of libraries in Australia. Public libraries are united behind common goals and ambitions, share best practice and provide universal free access to information, knowledge and ideas. They are supported by every state and territory in Australia and are often managed within Local Government areas. The Libraries ACT public library system has branches across the territory, including:   Additionally, there are branches in Civic, Dickson, Erindale, Gungahlin, Kingston, Kippax, Tuggeranong and Woden. The public libraries in New South Wales are operated by local councils, in some cases cooperatively as \"regional libraries\". There are 89 library services which operate more than 350 public libraries across the state. Public libraries in Queensland are operated by local government councils. Local government areas with a population below 15,000 provide public library services through Rural Libraries Queensland (formerly the Country Lending Service), a service provided by the State Library of Queensland. The Queensland public library services and the suburbs and localities they via local libraries, mobile libraries and Indigenous Knowledge Centres are:  Public libraries in South Australia are operated by local councils and most of them are part of the One Card Network, operated by Libraries of SA, a state government department. Community libraries, found in rural and remote areas, are joint-use libraries (school and public) and are usually located in towns too small to support both a public library and a school library. List derived from Libraries of SA. Metro   Regional and Community Libraries Special libraries are provide specialized information resources for their parent organisation. Common types of special libraries include art libraries, law libraries, legislative or parliamentary libraries, music libraries, medical libraries, government departmental libraries and science libraries.", "Department of Public Libraries  Department of Public Libraries is a government department under the Ministry of Cultural Affairs. It is responsible for government owned public libraries in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Public Libraries traces its origins to the Public Library in the Dhaka University campus which was established on 22 March 1958 by the government of Pakistan. The Public Library was shifted to its present building in 1977 and opened in 1978. The Government of Bangladesh established a network of public libraries down to every district and the department of Public Libraries was established in 1983 to manage them. In 2010 the department exchanged material on Bangladesh Liberation war with the National Library of India. The Department of Public Libraries are responsible for 64 government public libraries, with one in every district of Bangladesh. The National Public Library, called the Sufia Kamal National Public Library is based in Dhaka's Shahbag and is the largest public library in Bangladesh. It houses the central administration of the Department of Public Libraries. There are also Divisional Public Libraries in Sylhet, Chittagong, Khulna and Rangpur. All other districts contain a Govt. District Public Library, usually located in the district capital. In August 2016 a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and the British Council Bangladesh formalising a partnership in which the British Council would work with the Department of Public Libraries to modernise the public library sector in Bangladesh. The project, called \"Libraries Unlimited,\" is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and managed by the British Council Bangladesh with a stated aim of \"Opening access to information and knowledge for all in Bangladesh\". The project is on-going and is scheduled to run until the end of 2020.", "I was renamed as \"Friedrich-von-Raumer-B\u00fccherei\" in honour of the initial initiator of Berlin's first public libraries, since this library is the successor of two of Berlin's altogether four original public libraries founded in 1850. When in 1995 the more functional name \"Stadtteilbibliothek Dudenstra\u00dfe\" (neighbourhood library on Dudenstra\u00dfe) was added, the full name got adapted to \"Friedrich-von-Raumer-Bibliothek\". The Raumer Library traces back its origin to two of Berlin's originally four public libraries opened in 1850. The foundation of public libraries in Berlin was promoted by Professor Friedrich von Raumer and others. Returning from his 1841 journey through the United States the professor was deeply impressed by the broad knowledge of average US citizens, whom he had encountered travelling on a Mississippi steam boat. His travel acquaintances ascribed their interest and knowledge to their access to books from public libraries and public lectures on various subjects. Raumer then started an initiative to open public libraries in Berlin too. By the end of 1841 Raumer and other enthusiasts first founded the \"Verein f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Vortr\u00e4ge\" (i.e. Association for scientific public lectures). The Verein, using the Singing Academy concert hall as its venue for lectures, succeeded to collect Thaler 4,000 (then about \u00a3 Sterling 592,59) forming the starting capital for Berlin's to-be-founded public libraries in 1846. Until the end of the 1870s the Verein raised and provided funds amounting to the sixfolds of this initial sum. The Verein, however, wanted the city of Berlin to give a helping hand and take the libraries under its auspices.", "The earliest example in England of a library to be endowed for the benefit of users who were not members of an institution such as a cathedral or college was the Francis Trigge Chained Library in Grantham, Lincolnshire, established in 1598. The library still exists and can justifiably claim to be the forerunner of later public library systems. The beginning of the modern, free, open access libraries really got its start in the UK in 1847. Parliament appointed a committee, led by William Ewart, on Public Libraries to consider the necessity of establishing libraries through the nation: In 1849 their report noted the poor condition of library service, it recommended the establishment of free public libraries all over the country, and it led to the Public Libraries Act in 1850, which allowed all cities with populations exceeding 10,000 to levy taxes for the support of public libraries. Salford Museum and Art Gallery first opened in November 1850 as \"The Royal Museum & Public Library\", as the first unconditionally free public library in England. The library in Campfield, Manchester was the first library to operate a \"free\" lending library without subscription in 1852. Norwich lays claims to being the first municipality to adopt the Public Libraries Act 1850 (which allowed any municipal borough with a population of 100,000 or more to introduce a halfpenny rate to establish public libraries \u2013 although not to buy books). Norwich was the eleventh library to open, in 1857, after Winchester, Manchester, Liverpool, Bolton, Kidderminster, Cambridge, Birkenhead and Sheffield. Another important act was the Education Act 1870, which increased literacy and thereby the demand for libraries. By 1877, more than 75 cities had established free libraries, and by 1900 the number had reached 300. This finally marks the start of the public library as we know it. And these acts influenced similar laws in other countries, such as the US."], "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#1", "question": "What led him to do this work?", "rewrite": "What led Andrew Carnegie to establish public libraries?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Illinois Carnegie Libraries Multiple Property Submission Illinois Carnegie Libraries Multiple Property Submission was a National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Submission in the U.S. state of Illinois, approved on February 16, 1994. The submission included a group of sixteen Illinois libraries whose construction was funded by early 20th century philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The sixteen libraries were all added to the National Register of Historic Places between 1978 and 2002. Carnegie, a business mogul, donated roughly $40,000,000 to library construction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Disseminated in the form of grants, Illinois received 106 such grants, the third highest total nationwide. In addition to the 106 community libraries Carnegie helped create he also provided funding for four state university libraries in Illinois. The Carnegie Library, in Illinois and nationwide, represents a significant period in the history of the American public library, which is part of the very social history that threads its way through the American past. Collectively the buildings of the Illinois Carnegie Library Multiple Property Submission come from a time period when Americans were beginning to demand the library as a necessary public institution and the library was altering the way society functioned. Taxes were instituted in towns across the country in order to support public libraries and, perhaps much less noticeable, library design began to change to meet differing needs. In all 1,679 libraries were built with the help of Carnegie funding. Between the years 1886 and 1919 Andrew Carnegie gave away $56 million worldwide in library benefactions. There are two main divisions within those years, often described as \"retail\" and \"wholesale,\" based upon the number of libraries constructed. For the first ten years of his philanthropy Carnegie donated around $1,000,000 which benefacted only six communities in the United States and constructed a total of 14 library buildings. Those years, 1886-1896 are described as the \"retail\" years.", "They suggested that the government should issue grants to aid the foundation of libraries and that the Museums Act 1845 should be amended and extended to allow for a tax to be levied for the establishment of public libraries. Objections were raised about the increase in taxation, the potential infringement on private enterprise and the existing library provision such as mechanics' institutes and the fear that it would give rise to \"unhealthy social agitation\". The Bill passed through Parliament as most MPs felt that public libraries would provide facilities for self-improvement through books and reading for all classes, and that the greater levels of education attained by providing public libraries would result in lower crime rates. Salford Museum and Art Gallery first opened in November 1850 as \"The Royal Museum & Public Library\", as the first unconditionally free public library in England. The library in Campfield, Manchester was the first library to operate a \"free\" lending library without subscription in 1852. Norwich lays claim to being the first municipality to adopt the Public Libraries Act 1850 (which allowed any municipal borough with a population of 100,000 or more to introduce a halfpenny rate to establish public libraries\u2014although not to buy books). Norwich was the eleventh library to open, in 1857, after Winchester, Manchester, Liverpool, Bolton, Kidderminster, Cambridge, Birkenhead and Sheffield. The 1850 Act was noteworthy because it established the principle of free public libraries. In 1866, an amending Act was passed which eliminated entirely the population limit for the establishment of a library and replaced the two-thirds majority previously required for adoption with a simple majority. It also allowed neighbouring parishes to combine with an existing or potential library authority. Despite the rise in the level of tax public libraries could levy, it was still very difficult for boroughs to raise enough capital to fund new libraries.", "The earliest example in England of a library to be endowed for the benefit of users who were not members of an institution such as a cathedral or college was the Francis Trigge Chained Library in Grantham, Lincolnshire, established in 1598. The library still exists and can justifiably claim to be the forerunner of later public library systems. The beginning of the modern, free, open access libraries really got its start in the UK in 1847. Parliament appointed a committee, led by William Ewart, on Public Libraries to consider the necessity of establishing libraries through the nation: In 1849 their report noted the poor condition of library service, it recommended the establishment of free public libraries all over the country, and it led to the Public Libraries Act in 1850, which allowed all cities with populations exceeding 10,000 to levy taxes for the support of public libraries. Salford Museum and Art Gallery first opened in November 1850 as \"The Royal Museum & Public Library\", as the first unconditionally free public library in England. The library in Campfield, Manchester was the first library to operate a \"free\" lending library without subscription in 1852. Norwich lays claims to being the first municipality to adopt the Public Libraries Act 1850 (which allowed any municipal borough with a population of 100,000 or more to introduce a halfpenny rate to establish public libraries \u2013 although not to buy books). Norwich was the eleventh library to open, in 1857, after Winchester, Manchester, Liverpool, Bolton, Kidderminster, Cambridge, Birkenhead and Sheffield. Another important act was the Education Act 1870, which increased literacy and thereby the demand for libraries. By 1877, more than 75 cities had established free libraries, and by 1900 the number had reached 300. This finally marks the start of the public library as we know it. And these acts influenced similar laws in other countries, such as the US.", "Carnegie Corporation of New York The Carnegie Corporation of New York is a philanthropic fund established by Andrew Carnegie in 1911 to support education programs across the United States, and later the world. Carnegie Corporation has endowed or otherwise helped to establish institutions that include the United States National Research Council, what was then the Russian Research Center at Harvard University (now known as the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies), the Carnegie libraries and the Children's Television Workshop. It also for many years generously funded Carnegie's other philanthropic organizations, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP), the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT), and the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS). By 1911 Andrew Carnegie had endowed five organizations in the US and three in the United Kingdom, and given more than $43 million to build public libraries and given another almost $110 million elsewhere. But ten years after he sold the Carnegie Steel Company, more than $150 million remained in his accounts and at 76, he wearied of philanthropic choices. Long-time friend Elihu Root suggested he establish a trust. Carnegie transferred most of his remaining fortune into it, and made the trust responsible for distributing his wealth after he died. Carnegie's previous charitable giving had used conventional organizational structures, but he chose a corporation as the structure for his last and largest trust. Chartered by the State of New York as the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the corporation's capital fund, originally worth about $135 million, had a market value of $1.55 billion on March 31, 1999. In 1911-1912, Carnegie gave the corporation $125 million. At that time the corporation was the largest single philanthropic charitable trust ever established. He also made it a residual legatee under his will so it therefore received an additional $10 million, the remainder of his estate after had paid his other bequests.", "Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Public Library System The Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Public Library System (THPL) is a public library system based in Hillsborough County, Florida. The State Library of Florida is the main library source for Government of Florida as well as governs a large portion of Florida's public and private libraries. THPL is part of two larger library networks, the Hillsborough County Public Library Cooperative and the Tampa Bay Library Consortium, which also includes Temple Terrace Public Library in Temple Terrace, Florida, and Bruton Memorial Library in Plant City, Florida. There are 25 branches of the Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Library System, not including digital-only and mobile-only services. Services provided by the THPL include (but are in no way limited to) internet access, public meeting room spaces, interlibrary loans, a Bookmobile, a Cybermobile for Spanish speakers, technology classes, adult literacy programs, and downloadable eBooks. Drive-thru windows for returns and hold pick-ups are located at the Jimmie B. Keel and the Jan Kaminis Platt Regional Libraries. In 2017, THPL introduced the new HAAL Pass, which gives access to certain library resources to all students in the Hillsborough County Public Schools System. Students use their student ID number to use different online databases, borrow up to three physical items and read eBooks. The Tampa\u2013Hillsborough County Public Library System is also a part of Hillsborough County government. The Old Tampa Free Public Library was one of the first of only ten public libraries in Florida to receive a grant from Andrew Carnegie in order to construct and establish public community libraries. During the beginning of the 20th century, the society editor of the Tampa Tribune, Louise Frances Dodge, initiated the grab for the Carnegie funding for a library in Tampa in 1905. After much debate regarding Carnegie's \"tainted money\", Tampa was awarded with a $25,000 grant in 1912."], "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#2", "question": "What happened with the libraries?", "rewrite": "What happened with the libraries?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Unlike most countries, prison libraries in England and Wales are required to staff a professional librarian and there are minimum staffing requirements. The vision of the prison libraries is to provide services similar to those of public libraries. CILIP's Prison Library Group actively supports prison libraries in England and Wales through promotion, policy, advice, continuing education, networking, advocacy, mentoring, publishing, and involvement. Between 2005 and 2008 prison libraries\u2019 funding almost doubled. Prison libraries must meet required standards and are subject to inspection. France has had prison libraries since the mid-19th century. They were established primarily through prison funds or donations made by prisoners. Today, prison libraries are mandated by France's Criminal Procedure Code. However, according to Cramard, these libraries vary in size, location, inmate access time, etc. In addition, while all prisons are required to have a library there is no requirement for them to have a librarian and many have partnered with local public libraries to meet their needs. \"In order to introduce a larger audience to the institution libraries, the SPIP quickly took the initiative to develop a series of projects around books, literature, and writing. \" Projects include regularly scheduled workshops, such as writing skills classes, reading groups, reading workshops, and storytelling workshops, and one-time events, such as meetings with writers and illustrators and writing workshops. However, prison libraries are still a work-in-progress and the Prison Administration has declared that in 2008\u20132010 transforming prison libraries would be a priority. Prison libraries have existed in Germany since the 19th century and were run by the clergy. The libraries contained religious materials from various denominations, which inmates were encouraged to read and discuss. In the 20th century prison libraries were run by teachers. However, it wasn't until professional librarians began operating inside prison libraries that they began to really develop. Unfortunately, not all German prison libraries employ a professional librarian.", "List of libraries in Australia The following is a list of libraries in Australia. Public libraries are united behind common goals and ambitions, share best practice and provide universal free access to information, knowledge and ideas. They are supported by every state and territory in Australia and are often managed within Local Government areas. The Libraries ACT public library system has branches across the territory, including:   Additionally, there are branches in Civic, Dickson, Erindale, Gungahlin, Kingston, Kippax, Tuggeranong and Woden. The public libraries in New South Wales are operated by local councils, in some cases cooperatively as \"regional libraries\". There are 89 library services which operate more than 350 public libraries across the state. Public libraries in Queensland are operated by local government councils. Local government areas with a population below 15,000 provide public library services through Rural Libraries Queensland (formerly the Country Lending Service), a service provided by the State Library of Queensland. The Queensland public library services and the suburbs and localities they via local libraries, mobile libraries and Indigenous Knowledge Centres are:  Public libraries in South Australia are operated by local councils and most of them are part of the One Card Network, operated by Libraries of SA, a state government department. Community libraries, found in rural and remote areas, are joint-use libraries (school and public) and are usually located in towns too small to support both a public library and a school library. List derived from Libraries of SA. Metro   Regional and Community Libraries Special libraries are provide specialized information resources for their parent organisation. Common types of special libraries include art libraries, law libraries, legislative or parliamentary libraries, music libraries, medical libraries, government departmental libraries and science libraries.", "Special library A special library is a library that provides specialized information resources on a particular subject, serves a specialized and limited clientele, and delivers specialized services to that clientele. Special libraries include corporate libraries, government libraries, law libraries, medical libraries, museum libraries, news libraries, and nonprofit libraries. Special libraries also exist within academic institutions, including law school libraries and medical school libraries. These libraries are included as special libraries because they are often funded separately from the rest of the university and they serve a targeted group of users. Special libraries often have a more specific clientele than libraries in traditional educational or public settings, and deal with more specialized kinds of information. They are developed to support the mission of their sponsoring organization and their collections and services are more targeted and specific to the needs of their clientele. Special libraries may or may not be open to the general public. Those that are open to the public may offer services similar to research, reference, public, academic, or children's libraries, often with restrictions such as only lending books to patients at a hospital or restricting the public from parts of a military collection. Many special libraries are not open to the general public, though access may be requested for specialized research by request. Special libraries are also sometimes known as \"information centers. \" Some authors differentiate special libraries from information centers by defining the latter as having \"a very narrow scope. \" They are generally staffed by librarians, although many librarians employed in special libraries are specialists in the library's field rather than generally trained librarians, and often are not required to have advanced degrees in specifically library-related field due to the specialized content and clientele of the library.", "The primary responsibilities of music libraries are to collect musical scores, recordings of performances, critiques, commentary, and scholarship on the development of music as an art of both composition and performance. Music libraries document music as an art in all of its diversity of forms and genres. Music libraries contain musical scores, manuscripts, papers, and recordings. Music libraries exist in academic and cultural institutions as well as in companies in the business of music. Transportation libraries are designed to support the study, research, and dissemination of information related to transportation. They provide resources related to policy, regulations, operations, and other aspects of transportation. Users of transportation libraries include engineers, city planners, contractors, academic researchers, and the general public. Transportation libraries are located at the federal, state, and local levels of government, as well as at universities and research institutes. Major transportation libraries can be found in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Australia, and Japan. Museum libraries are libraries within museums. Like any other special library, museum libraries have aspects of traditional libraries, but also contain other characteristics unlike public or academic libraries. Museum libraries are often associated with a public museum or institution whose main purpose is to provide historical and educational information to the general public. Unlike traditional libraries, many museum libraries are more private and hidden from the public eye due to their main purpose as a research library for museum staff and professional researchers. Because of this, users must often make appointments and be allowed special access through them by library staff or other museum staff. Though this is not to say all museum libraries are unattainable to public users. Such museum libraries like the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries of the Art Institute of Chicago and the Nolen Library of the Metropolitan Museum of Modern Art of New York provide access to public during open hours.", "This is one of the reasons why circulating libraries, such as Charles Edward Mudie, were eventually forced to close their doors in response to cheaper alternatives. It is complicated to precisely define circulating libraries and specifically what separates them from other types of libraries. In the time period of circulating libraries, there were other libraries, such as subscription libraries, that operated in a similar fashion but were not the same. However, when both types of libraries were commonplace, the terms circulating libraries and subscription libraries \u201cwere completely interchangeable. \" It was logical that they were considered to be the same since both libraries circulated books and charged a subscription fee. The libraries differed in their intent. Circulating libraries\u2019 intent was financial gain, and subscription libraries intended to obtain literary and scholarly works to share with others. Circulating libraries were popular in the 18th and 19th century and were located in large and small communities. Usually they were operated out of stores that sold other items such as newspapers and books. Sometimes they were in stores that sold items completely unrelated to books. The fees were for long periods of time such ranging from several months to a year. Eventually the fees changed to daily rates to try to entice customers in some libraries. One difference between circulating libraries and other libraries was that their collection reflected public demand, which led to larger collections of fiction. When circulation decreased, the books were sold. Another difference was the customers were often female. These factors contributed to the popularity of circulating libraries. Circulating libraries were the first to serve women and actively seek out their patronage. It was not coincidence that some of these libraries were located in millinery and stationery stores and midwives' offices. The late 18th century was when novels became commonplace. The demand for novels was high but the cost of them made them inaccessible for many. They held wide appeal because they were less complex than more scholarly types of literature."], "answer": {"text": "The Enoch Pratt Free Library (1886) impressed Carnegie deeply; he said, \"Pratt was my guide and inspiration\".", "answer_start": 310}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What led him to do this work?", "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#3", "question": "When did his library open?", "rewrite": "When did Andrew Carnegie's library open?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carnegie Library (Muncie, Indiana) The Carnegie Library is a historic Carnegie library located at Muncie, Indiana, United States. The building houses the Local History & Genealogy collection and an open computer lab. The facility also provides wireless access and a meeting room for local groups to reserve. It is one of four branches that make up the Muncie Public Library System. The building was made possible through a financial donation to the City of Muncie by Andrew Carnegie to expand their library system throughout the community. The foundation for Carnegie Library was built in 1902 and the building opened to the public in 1904. It has been in continuous use as a library since its opening. The building is located in downtown Muncie at the intersection of Jackson and Jefferson. The Carnegie Library was dedicated on January 1, 1904. The library was built after a donation of $55,000 was given to the City of Muncie by Andrew Carnegie, with the goal to assist them in expanding their library system throughout the community. The library was one of the first structures in Indiana built from the funding of Andrew Carnegie, who was a major philanthropist, who supported library systems throughout the world. The plot of land where the building is located was a gift from local businessman George Spilker. , the library continues to house the local history and genealogy department of the Muncie Library System. The design and building of the library was conducted by the architectural firm of Wing and Mahurin of Fort Wayne, Indiana. The exterior structure is made of Indiana Limestone and modeled after Greek and classical architectural forms. The exterior of the building remains in its original state. The neoclassical architectural style includes a Romanesque dome located on the roof, in the central part of the library. The Carnegie Library offers a variety of resources to aid researchers in discovering local history and their ancestry.", "Carnegie Institution for Science The Carnegie Institution of Washington (the organization's legal name), known also for public purposes as the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), is an organization in the United States established to fund and perform scientific research. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. More than 20 organizations (see The Carnegie Confusion) around the world that were established through the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie now feature his surname and perform work involving topics as diverse as art, education, international affairs, world peace, and scientific research. The organizations are independent entities and are related by name only. In 2007, the institution adopted the public name \"Carnegie Institution for Science\" to distinguish itself better from other organizations established by and named for Andrew Carnegie. The institution remains officially and legally the Carnegie Institution of Washington, but now has a public identity that describes its work more accurately. \"It is proposed to found in the city of Washington, an institution which...shall in the broadest and most liberal manner encourage investigation, research, and discovery [and] show the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind...\"  \u2014 Andrew Carnegie, January 28, 1902 Beginning during 1895, Andrew Carnegie contributed his vast fortune toward the establishment of 22 organizations that presently feature his surname and perform work in such topics as art, education, international affairs, peace, and scientific research. In 1901, Andrew Carnegie retired from business to begin his career in philanthropy. Among his new enterprises, he considered establishing a national university in Washington, D.C., similar to the great centers of learning in Europe. Because he was concerned that a new university could weaken existing universities, he opted for an independent research organization that would increase basic scientific knowledge. Carnegie communicated with President Theodore Roosevelt and declared his readiness to endow the new institution with $10 million.", "Andrew Carnegie Free Library &amp; Music Hall (Carnegie, Pennsylvania) The Andrew Carnegie Free Library & Music Hall (also known as the ACFL&MH or \"Carnegie Carnegie\") is a public library and music hall located at 300 Beechwood Avenue in Carnegie, Pennsylvania. Like hundreds of other Carnegie libraries, the construction of the ACFL&MH, which opened in 1901, was funded by industrialist Andrew Carnegie. The ACFL&MH has been recognized as a historic landmark and appears on the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks and the National Register of Historic Places. Andrew Carnegie's decision to build a library in Carnegie, Pennsylvania, was originally inspired by the town's adoption of his name. In 1894, the neighboring boroughs of Chartiers and Mansfield voted to merge their communities into one larger borough and chose to name their new town in honor of Carnegie. Carnegie was so moved by the gesture that he offered to build a public library in the middle of the town. On April 26, 1898, Carnegie gifted the town with an initial grant of US$200,000 for the building of the library and an attached music hall, lecture hall, and gymnasium; he also provided an additional $10,000 for the library to purchase books and used any remaining grant funds to start an endowment fund for the new library. Construction of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall began in October 1899 and was completed in less than two years, with the library officially opening to the public in May 1901. The ACFL&MH was added to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1979, and the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1981. The ACFL&MH is one of only three buildings in the Chartiers Valley area to be recognized and added to the National Register.", "Carnegie Library (disambiguation) A Carnegie Library is a library built with money donated by Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie Library, Carnegie Public Library, Carnegie Free Library, Carnegie Free Public Library, Andrew Carnegie Library, Andrew Carnegie Free Library or Carnegie Library Building may also refer to:", "Dunfermline Carnegie Library The Dunfermline Carnegie Library was opened on 29 August 1883 and was the world's first Carnegie Library funded by the Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. It was designed by Edinburgh architect James Campbell Walker who also designed the nearby Dunfermline City Chambers. Andrew Carnegie donated \u00a38000 to building and stocking what would be the first of over 2,500 Carnegie Libraries. The library was made a Category B listed building in 1971. In 1879, Andrew Carnegie put plans in place to fund a new library for his birthplace, Dunfermline, Scotland. Building plans were prepared by James Campbell Walker in 1880, and on 27 July 1881 the foundation stone was laid by Carnegie's mother, Margaret Carnegie. The opening of the library in 1883 was regarded as the most significant local event of the year and a public holiday was declared. The facilities included a library room, ladies' and gentlemen's reading rooms, a recreation room, a smoking room, and a flat for the librarian. The first librarian was Alexander Peebles, an Edinburgh bookbinder who was selected for the role from 250 applicants. The library proved to be a success however its was soon found to be too small, and the layout was unsuitable. To address these problems the newly formed Carnegie Dunfermline Trust took joint control of the library with the town council, and in 1904 began an extension, designed by James Shearer, which would more than doubled the size of the original building. As a result of the First World War the extension was not being completed until 1922. After the extension was completed, full control of the library returned to the town council, with the Dunfermline Carnegie Trust contributing \u00a3400 a year to the library until 1958."], "answer": {"text": "(1886", "answer_start": 339}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What led him to do this work?", "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "The Enoch Pratt Free Library (1886) impressed Carnegie deeply; he said, \"Pratt was my guide and inspiration\".", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#4", "question": "Where was it located?", "rewrite": "Where was public libraries located?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of libraries in Kenya The National Library and the public libraries are both the functions of Kenya National Library Service which is mandated by the law under Cap 225 of the Laws of Kenya, April 1965. Currently there is one National Library which is located at Community-Upper Hill, Nairobi. There are 60 public libraries spread in different parts of the country. In addition, some of the county government have libraries under them which are either operational or nonoperational. Nairobi county has four libraries located at Kayole, Makadara, Dagoretti and McMillan Memorial Library at the Nairobi Central Business District (the oldest library in Nairobi). Kenya National Library Service has a total of 60 branches spread in different parts of the country. The libraries offer varied services depending on location and mode of establishment. Community libraries have been established through the support of donors, individuals and institutions within the country as a way of empowering disadvantaged communities, promoting increased literacy levels and as a way of promoting a reading culture within the country. Some of these libraries are:   Under this category are the libraries found in public academic institutions like the public universities, colleges, polytechnics and academies. These libraries mostly contain academic books and information resources relating to the subjects of concentration by those institutions. The leading academic Library in Kenya is under the University of Nairobi, the first university to be established in Kenya in 1956 as the Royal Technical College.", "Department of Public Libraries  Department of Public Libraries is a government department under the Ministry of Cultural Affairs. It is responsible for government owned public libraries in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Department of Public Libraries traces its origins to the Public Library in the Dhaka University campus which was established on 22 March 1958 by the government of Pakistan. The Public Library was shifted to its present building in 1977 and opened in 1978. The Government of Bangladesh established a network of public libraries down to every district and the department of Public Libraries was established in 1983 to manage them. In 2010 the department exchanged material on Bangladesh Liberation war with the National Library of India. The Department of Public Libraries are responsible for 64 government public libraries, with one in every district of Bangladesh. The National Public Library, called the Sufia Kamal National Public Library is based in Dhaka's Shahbag and is the largest public library in Bangladesh. It houses the central administration of the Department of Public Libraries. There are also Divisional Public Libraries in Sylhet, Chittagong, Khulna and Rangpur. All other districts contain a Govt. District Public Library, usually located in the district capital. In August 2016 a memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and the British Council Bangladesh formalising a partnership in which the British Council would work with the Department of Public Libraries to modernise the public library sector in Bangladesh. The project, called \"Libraries Unlimited,\" is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and managed by the British Council Bangladesh with a stated aim of \"Opening access to information and knowledge for all in Bangladesh\". The project is on-going and is scheduled to run until the end of 2020.", "History of public library advocacy Public libraries in the American Colonies can be traced back to 1656, when a Boston merchant named Captain Robert Keayne willed his collection of books to the town. Church collections of books used by the public served as early versions of libraries in New England around the 18th century. One such example is the Kings Chapel Library in Boston, which was founded in 1698 with book donations from the Bishop of London. Reverend Thomas Bray was instrumental in the establishment of libraries for public use. This Anglican clergyman had sponsored several parish libraries in England, and from 1695-1704 he managed to establish 70 libraries in the American Colonies. These included five provincial libraries located in the major cities of time, 39 parochial libraries at Anglican parishes, and 35 layman libraries where ministers were allowed to loan the materials to their local residents. Bray's provincial libraries in Maryland and South Carolina were both the beneficiaries of the first laws passed by the local legislation to secure and maintain the libraries in their provinces. In 1731, Benjamin Franklin and his fellow members of the Junto established the Library Company of Philadelphia. This type of subscription library brought access to books for the residents who paid to become a member. It also served as a model and inspiration for many other libraries that began to spring up throughout the colonies. Other types of libraries included commercial circulating libraries, athenaeums, and school-district libraries. The start of the development of the American library as we know it today, however, began in full force between 1850 and 1900. In the 1600s, British colonists brought their love of books to America, with the deceased often leaving their collections to the public. For example, Robert Keayne left his collection to his community, Boston Town Hall, which was considered a \"subscription\" or \"society\" library. The destruction of the Library of Congress by the British in the War of 1812 was devastating.", "List of libraries in Australia The following is a list of libraries in Australia. Public libraries are united behind common goals and ambitions, share best practice and provide universal free access to information, knowledge and ideas. They are supported by every state and territory in Australia and are often managed within Local Government areas. The Libraries ACT public library system has branches across the territory, including:   Additionally, there are branches in Civic, Dickson, Erindale, Gungahlin, Kingston, Kippax, Tuggeranong and Woden. The public libraries in New South Wales are operated by local councils, in some cases cooperatively as \"regional libraries\". There are 89 library services which operate more than 350 public libraries across the state. Public libraries in Queensland are operated by local government councils. Local government areas with a population below 15,000 provide public library services through Rural Libraries Queensland (formerly the Country Lending Service), a service provided by the State Library of Queensland. The Queensland public library services and the suburbs and localities they via local libraries, mobile libraries and Indigenous Knowledge Centres are:  Public libraries in South Australia are operated by local councils and most of them are part of the One Card Network, operated by Libraries of SA, a state government department. Community libraries, found in rural and remote areas, are joint-use libraries (school and public) and are usually located in towns too small to support both a public library and a school library. List derived from Libraries of SA. Metro   Regional and Community Libraries Special libraries are provide specialized information resources for their parent organisation. Common types of special libraries include art libraries, law libraries, legislative or parliamentary libraries, music libraries, medical libraries, government departmental libraries and science libraries.", "Athens County Public Libraries The Athens County Public Libraries are a consortium of seven public libraries located in Athens County, Ohio. The library system was originally known as the Nelsonville Public Library. The original facility in Nelsonville was created in 1935 as an outgrowth of the Nelsonville school system. The library system has an inventory of about 300,000 items. In recent years, it has provided computers with Internet connections at its libraries, and this service has been shown to be very popular. Recently, the library system has begun a landscaping program at its libraries to introduce a wider variety of plantings, especially including native trees and shrubs. Before the establishment of the county library the Works Progress Administration maintained twenty library stations throughout the county. These libraries usually consisted of small collections and untrained staff, but demonstrated a need in the county for a dedicated public library. On June 1, 1935 the idea for a public library was conceived under the name The Public Library for the City of Nelsonville and Athens County. Staff from the WPA were the first librarians and various organizations and townspeople donated books to first fill the shelves. In September 1935 around a thousand books were borrowed from the State Traveling library and in December $200 donated from the State Aid for Libraries fund. Still spread across multiple WPA libraries, the entire collection moved to Washington street in 1936 allowing the hiring of a trained librarian, and the cataloging of the books under one roof. By 1939 the library moved again and began converting the old library stations (now unused) into branch libraries. By the end of 1939 the system consisted of one library with two branches and five deposit stations. A bookmobile was also started with county budget funds which visited the county schools. In 1940 the Athens branch opened in a part of the city previously serviced by the University system. During the 1970s through 1990s an addition three library branches were opened throughout Athens."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What led him to do this work?", "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "The Enoch Pratt Free Library (1886) impressed Carnegie deeply; he said, \"Pratt was my guide and inspiration\".", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his library open?", "answer": {"text": "(1886", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#5", "question": "What other things happened in regards to the libraries?", "rewrite": "Besides the libraries what other things happened?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steve Perry Stephen Ray Perry (born January 22, 1949) is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as the lead singer of the rock band Journey during their most commercially successful periods from 1977 to 1987, and again from 1995 to 1998. Perry also had a successful solo career between the mid-1980s and mid-1990s. Perry's singing voice has garnered acclaim from prominent musical peers and publications; he has been dubbed \"The Voice\", a moniker originally coined by Jon Bon Jovi. Ranked no. 76 on \"Rolling Stone's\" \"100 Greatest Singers of All Time\", Perry was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Journey on April 7, 2017. Stephen Ray Perry was born in Hanford, California, to Portuguese parents. He is an only child. Perry grew up interested in music, as his father, Raymond Perry (Pereira), was a vocalist and co-owner of radio station KNGS. Perry's parents ended their relationship when he was eight years of age, and he and his mother then moved to his grandparents' farm. In a September 2018 interview, Perry said, \"Things happened to me as a child that I still can't talk about \u2013 nothing to do with my parents, but things did happen. It happened to a lot of kids, as I find out... [There] was nowhere to talk it out, so I got to sing it out instead. \" On Perry's 12th birthday, his mother, Mary Quaresma, presented her son with a gold eighth note pendant; Perry wears the pendant for good luck. At age 12, Perry heard Sam Cooke's song \"Cupid\" on his mother's car radio, and it inspired him to become a singer. Perry's family moved to Lemoore, California, during Perry's teen years.", "Reason (argument) In the most general terms, a reason is a consideration which justifies or explains an action, a belief, an attitude, or a fact. Reasons are what people appeal to when making arguments about what people should do or believe. (Those are reasons in the normative sense.) For example, that a doctor's patient is grimacing is a reason to believe the patient is in pain. That the patient is in pain is a reason for the doctor to do things to alleviate the pain. In another sense of the term, reasons are explanations of why things happened. (These are reasons in the explanatory sense.) For example, the reason the patient is in pain is that her nerves are sending signals from her tissues to her brain. A reason, in many cases, is brought up by the question \"why?\", and answered following the word \"because\". Additionally, words and phrases such as \"since\", \"due to\", \"as\", \"considering\" (\"that\"), \"a result\" (\"of\"), and \"in order to\", for example, all serve as explanatory locutions that precede the reason to which they refer. In philosophy, it's common to distinguish between three kinds of reason. Normative or justifying reasons are often said to be \"considerations which count in favor\" of some state of affairs (this is, at any rate, a common view, notably held by T. M. Scanlon and Derek Parfit). Explanatory reasons are considerations which serve to explain why things have happened\u2014they are \"reasons\" events occur, or why states of affairs are the way they are. In other words, \"reason\" can also be a synonym for \"cause\".", "With TechNet, he had the opportunity to configure and operate the first Internet-connected servers in the state of Roraima (web, ftp, email), besides being the author of the website (home page) of the State of Roraima in 1997. Embryos arose from social networks, through the services of online chat and thus he was responsible for creating the first IRC server of the State of Roraima in 1997, connected to the Brasnet network, with the first channel chat about the state, the well known then Canal Roraima (#Roraima). The online games were also starting in scene, with the creation of the first Quake server Roraima in 1999. In 2001, it was him and his colleagues that designed and implemented of the first wireless (WiFi) network for public access in the State of Roraima, initiating the first broadband connections. With the evolution of the Internet and the possibility of creating dynamic sites, he was the creator of the first information portal of the State of Roraima, in January 2002, based on PHP and MySQL. Certainly the Internet would come to Roraima. However, it was because of the entrepreneurial and pioneering spirit of someone like George that things happened quickly. It is worth remembering that many people contributed with him, but only one had the courage to start over.", "(See also: Florentine Camerata, Vincenzo Galilei, Jacopo Peri, Palestrina, Arcangelo Corelli.) Besides Florence, two other Italian cities are particularly worthy of mention in the period around 1600. There is somewhat of a friendly rivalry between advocates of the two cities as to which one is more important in the history of the development of music in Italy. Venice justly claims its place as the birthplace of commercial opera; Naples points to its own history of church-sponsored music conservatories, institutions that developed into \"feeder-systems,\" providing composers and performing musicians for much musical life in Italy and, indeed, Europe as a whole. (See also: Music of Venice and Music of Naples.) The period from about 1600 to 1750 encompasses the Baroque era of music. Many important things happened in this period. One was a return to the melodic complexities of polyphony; however, the melodies ran within a modern, established system of harmony based on chords and major and minor scales. This latter element is an extension of the concept of homophonic music and allowed melodic complexity of any variance to rise to dominance over the importance of text. The struggle for dominance between text and music goes back to the music of the Greeks and is still going on in all forms of European art music and popular music. This new dominance of melody within harmony at the expense of text led to great changes, including the expansion and invention of instrumental resources of the orchestra; the keyboard was extended in both directions; the making of instruments such as those by Stradivarius became a great industry in Cremona; and instrumental music started to develop as a separate \"track,\" quite apart from the traditional role of accompanying the human voice. Instrumental forms include such things as the sonata and fugue.", "The Bishop travels for the summer across the Westfjords; but during the winter he was in Brei\u00f0ab\u00f3lssta\u00f0ur in Steingr\u00edmsfj\u00f6r\u00f0ur with Berg\u00fe\u00f3r J\u00f3nsson. And there many things happened which would be worth recounting, were thought to count as miracles, although they are not written in this book: both that the Bishop dealt with the ogress whom they called Selkolla, and much besides. Stories of Selkolla quite different from the medieval ones continued to circulate in the nineteenth century. By the twentieth century, however, stories told about Selkolla were being influenced by the medieval narrative, which had come into print and was becoming better known in Iceland. Supposedly, the stone where the child who became Selkolla was laid is to be found not too far from H\u00f3lmav\u00edk, and features in tourism marketing in the area. The medieval story of Selkolla has been shown to share motifs with post-medieval Scandinavian folklore about changelings and ghosts or other hauntings by dead children, the \"skogsr\u00e5\", and folklore about seals. Contrary to the claims in the B-version of \"Gu\u00f0mundar saga\", it is unlikely that she gave her name to the cliff Selkollukleifar ('Seal-head-cliffs') : rather the cliff was probably named after seals that were visible from it, and the story of Selkolla then invented to explain the name."], "answer": {"text": "Carnegie turned over management of the library project by 1908 to his staff, led by James Bertram,", "answer_start": 420}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What led him to do this work?", "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "The Enoch Pratt Free Library (1886) impressed Carnegie deeply; he said, \"Pratt was my guide and inspiration\".", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his library open?", "answer": {"text": "(1886", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was it located?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#6", "question": "Did he donate any of his money?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Carnegie donate any of his money?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["His closest friend was David A. Stewart, a co-partner in the Thomson works, and Stewart readily defended Thomas against the criticisms and jibes of others (particularly Andrew Carnegie). Thomas sold half his interest in Edgar Thomson Steel to his older brother in 1876 after disagreement broke out over whether to build another \"Lucy furnace.\" Thomas Carnegie, however, held no position on the Thomson board of directors, a situation Andrew Carnegie wanted rectified the moment a position on the board became available. This occurred in the summer of 1876, but William P. Shinn (the second-largest stockholder in the company) complained bitterly to Andrew (traveling in Europe) that the seat should have gone to him. Nonetheless, Thomas was not only added to the board but made chairman upon Andrew Carnegie's return to the U.S. a few months later. Shinn eventually had enough, and resigned as manager of the Thomson steel works in September 1879. Thomas replaced Shinn as manager. Andrew Carnegie decided to stop relying solely on his company's own furnaces for coke, and began seeking to buy the fuel on the open market. Thomas and Henry Phipps had alerted Andrew to the need for a greater and steadier supply for coke for the growing steel works. In 1881, Andrew sent Thomas to meet with Henry Clay Frick, owner of H.C. Frick & Co.\u2014the largest coke producing company in the U.S. Thomas' goal was to induce Frick to buy the Carnegie coke ovens. In November 1881, Thomas proposed selling the Monastery Coke Works near Latrobe, Pennsylvania, to Frick, or at least have Frick take over the marketing and selling of the coke produced there. Thomas' offer came as Frick was planning his wedding, and it fell to Andrew to meet with Frick and his new bride as they honeymooned in New York City.", "Andrew Carnegie Free Library &amp; Music Hall (Carnegie, Pennsylvania) The Andrew Carnegie Free Library & Music Hall (also known as the ACFL&MH or \"Carnegie Carnegie\") is a public library and music hall located at 300 Beechwood Avenue in Carnegie, Pennsylvania. Like hundreds of other Carnegie libraries, the construction of the ACFL&MH, which opened in 1901, was funded by industrialist Andrew Carnegie. The ACFL&MH has been recognized as a historic landmark and appears on the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks and the National Register of Historic Places. Andrew Carnegie's decision to build a library in Carnegie, Pennsylvania, was originally inspired by the town's adoption of his name. In 1894, the neighboring boroughs of Chartiers and Mansfield voted to merge their communities into one larger borough and chose to name their new town in honor of Carnegie. Carnegie was so moved by the gesture that he offered to build a public library in the middle of the town. On April 26, 1898, Carnegie gifted the town with an initial grant of US$200,000 for the building of the library and an attached music hall, lecture hall, and gymnasium; he also provided an additional $10,000 for the library to purchase books and used any remaining grant funds to start an endowment fund for the new library. Construction of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall began in October 1899 and was completed in less than two years, with the library officially opening to the public in May 1901. The ACFL&MH was added to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1979, and the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1981. The ACFL&MH is one of only three buildings in the Chartiers Valley area to be recognized and added to the National Register.", "Carnegie Institution for Science The Carnegie Institution of Washington (the organization's legal name), known also for public purposes as the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), is an organization in the United States established to fund and perform scientific research. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. More than 20 organizations (see The Carnegie Confusion) around the world that were established through the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie now feature his surname and perform work involving topics as diverse as art, education, international affairs, world peace, and scientific research. The organizations are independent entities and are related by name only. In 2007, the institution adopted the public name \"Carnegie Institution for Science\" to distinguish itself better from other organizations established by and named for Andrew Carnegie. The institution remains officially and legally the Carnegie Institution of Washington, but now has a public identity that describes its work more accurately. \"It is proposed to found in the city of Washington, an institution which...shall in the broadest and most liberal manner encourage investigation, research, and discovery [and] show the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind...\"  \u2014 Andrew Carnegie, January 28, 1902 Beginning during 1895, Andrew Carnegie contributed his vast fortune toward the establishment of 22 organizations that presently feature his surname and perform work in such topics as art, education, international affairs, peace, and scientific research. In 1901, Andrew Carnegie retired from business to begin his career in philanthropy. Among his new enterprises, he considered establishing a national university in Washington, D.C., similar to the great centers of learning in Europe. Because he was concerned that a new university could weaken existing universities, he opted for an independent research organization that would increase basic scientific knowledge. Carnegie communicated with President Theodore Roosevelt and declared his readiness to endow the new institution with $10 million.", "Carnegie Brothers and Company Carnegie Brothers & Company, Ltd. was created by the consolidation of the steel businesses owned by Andrew Carnegie in the early 1880s. Those steel and coke works that were consolidated were: The merging of these separate business operations into one resulted in the newly formed company owning an interest of nearly $5 million. At the time, Andrew Carnegie owned over half of it. Henry Clay Frick began to supply Carnegie Brothers and Company with coal and coke that was required to operate the steel mills. This relationship progressed with the result in Frick being the major supplier of coke to the new company. Thomas Carnegie, Andrew Carnegie\u2019s brother died in 1886 and in 1889 Frick began to manage a portion of the company. Frick also bought company shares. Frick advanced and was promoted to chairman of the company. After his promotions Frick worked with Carnegie to reorganize much of business. Frick organized many improvements including a buy out of the Duquesne Steel works. Frick acted to combine \"Carnegie Brothers & Company, Limited\" and \"Carnegie, Phipps & Company\" into a single company newly named Carnegie Steel Company, Limited on July 1, 1892. Carnegie Brothers & Company had contracts with railway and transportation in addition to, Keystone Bridge Company, Pittsburgh & Western Railway, Rail Makes\u2019 Association, and the Steel Patent Company. These companies specialized in litigation for steel patents and production methods (Steel Patent Company of Philadelphia) and rail production (The Rail Makers\u2019 Association). At the time many other companies, including Carnegie\u2019s were working to establish uniformity of the railroads. These efforts were encouraged by the investments of Carnegies company and on September 7, 1877 the merger was completed with the name the Pittsburgh, New Castle & Lake Erie Railroad. Carnegie Brother & Company, Limited was an investor and supplier to the Pittsburgh and Western Railway.", "Carnegie Library (disambiguation) A Carnegie Library is a library built with money donated by Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie Library, Carnegie Public Library, Carnegie Free Library, Carnegie Free Public Library, Andrew Carnegie Library, Andrew Carnegie Free Library or Carnegie Library Building may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "in 1885, he gave $500,000 to Pittsburgh for a public library,", "answer_start": 777}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What led him to do this work?", "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "The Enoch Pratt Free Library (1886) impressed Carnegie deeply; he said, \"Pratt was my guide and inspiration\".", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his library open?", "answer": {"text": "(1886", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was it located?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things happened in regards to the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "Carnegie turned over management of the library project by 1908 to his staff, led by James Bertram,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#7", "question": "Did he give any more money for libraries?", "rewrite": "Did Andrew Carnegie give any more money for libraries?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Carnegie Institution for Science The Carnegie Institution of Washington (the organization's legal name), known also for public purposes as the Carnegie Institution for Science (CIS), is an organization in the United States established to fund and perform scientific research. The institution is headquartered in Washington, D.C. More than 20 organizations (see The Carnegie Confusion) around the world that were established through the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie now feature his surname and perform work involving topics as diverse as art, education, international affairs, world peace, and scientific research. The organizations are independent entities and are related by name only. In 2007, the institution adopted the public name \"Carnegie Institution for Science\" to distinguish itself better from other organizations established by and named for Andrew Carnegie. The institution remains officially and legally the Carnegie Institution of Washington, but now has a public identity that describes its work more accurately. \"It is proposed to found in the city of Washington, an institution which...shall in the broadest and most liberal manner encourage investigation, research, and discovery [and] show the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind...\"  \u2014 Andrew Carnegie, January 28, 1902 Beginning during 1895, Andrew Carnegie contributed his vast fortune toward the establishment of 22 organizations that presently feature his surname and perform work in such topics as art, education, international affairs, peace, and scientific research. In 1901, Andrew Carnegie retired from business to begin his career in philanthropy. Among his new enterprises, he considered establishing a national university in Washington, D.C., similar to the great centers of learning in Europe. Because he was concerned that a new university could weaken existing universities, he opted for an independent research organization that would increase basic scientific knowledge. Carnegie communicated with President Theodore Roosevelt and declared his readiness to endow the new institution with $10 million.", "Andrew Carnegie Free Library &amp; Music Hall (Carnegie, Pennsylvania) The Andrew Carnegie Free Library & Music Hall (also known as the ACFL&MH or \"Carnegie Carnegie\") is a public library and music hall located at 300 Beechwood Avenue in Carnegie, Pennsylvania. Like hundreds of other Carnegie libraries, the construction of the ACFL&MH, which opened in 1901, was funded by industrialist Andrew Carnegie. The ACFL&MH has been recognized as a historic landmark and appears on the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks and the National Register of Historic Places. Andrew Carnegie's decision to build a library in Carnegie, Pennsylvania, was originally inspired by the town's adoption of his name. In 1894, the neighboring boroughs of Chartiers and Mansfield voted to merge their communities into one larger borough and chose to name their new town in honor of Carnegie. Carnegie was so moved by the gesture that he offered to build a public library in the middle of the town. On April 26, 1898, Carnegie gifted the town with an initial grant of US$200,000 for the building of the library and an attached music hall, lecture hall, and gymnasium; he also provided an additional $10,000 for the library to purchase books and used any remaining grant funds to start an endowment fund for the new library. Construction of the Andrew Carnegie Free Library and Music Hall began in October 1899 and was completed in less than two years, with the library officially opening to the public in May 1901. The ACFL&MH was added to the List of Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks in 1979, and the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1981. The ACFL&MH is one of only three buildings in the Chartiers Valley area to be recognized and added to the National Register.", "Illinois Carnegie Libraries Multiple Property Submission Illinois Carnegie Libraries Multiple Property Submission was a National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Submission in the U.S. state of Illinois, approved on February 16, 1994. The submission included a group of sixteen Illinois libraries whose construction was funded by early 20th century philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The sixteen libraries were all added to the National Register of Historic Places between 1978 and 2002. Carnegie, a business mogul, donated roughly $40,000,000 to library construction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Disseminated in the form of grants, Illinois received 106 such grants, the third highest total nationwide. In addition to the 106 community libraries Carnegie helped create he also provided funding for four state university libraries in Illinois. The Carnegie Library, in Illinois and nationwide, represents a significant period in the history of the American public library, which is part of the very social history that threads its way through the American past. Collectively the buildings of the Illinois Carnegie Library Multiple Property Submission come from a time period when Americans were beginning to demand the library as a necessary public institution and the library was altering the way society functioned. Taxes were instituted in towns across the country in order to support public libraries and, perhaps much less noticeable, library design began to change to meet differing needs. In all 1,679 libraries were built with the help of Carnegie funding. Between the years 1886 and 1919 Andrew Carnegie gave away $56 million worldwide in library benefactions. There are two main divisions within those years, often described as \"retail\" and \"wholesale,\" based upon the number of libraries constructed. For the first ten years of his philanthropy Carnegie donated around $1,000,000 which benefacted only six communities in the United States and constructed a total of 14 library buildings. Those years, 1886-1896 are described as the \"retail\" years.", "James Bertram (Carnegie secretary)  James Bertram (1872\u20131934) was the personal secretary of Andrew Carnegie, the industrialist and philanthropist, from 1897-1914. Bertram also served the Carnegie Corporation of New York from its inception in 1911 as secretary and trustee until his death in 1934. He thus continued to have an important role in Carnegie's philanthropic projects after Carnegie's death in 1919. Bertram was born in Corstorphine, near Edinburgh, the Scottish capital where was educated at Daniel Stewart's College. His first position was with the Great Northern and Northeastern Railway company in Edinburgh. He emigrated to South Africa, where he continued to work in the railway industry. He returned to Scotland for health reasons in 1897, and was recruited by Andrew Carnegie, who had recently acquired a Scottish home, Skibo Castle. In the US Bertram by 1908 supervised Carnegie's library program. He took a close interest in the new Carnegie libraries, commenting on the architectural plans submitted by applicants. Bertram's interventions discouraged extravagant architectural features and encouraged adherence to published guidelines. The Carnegie Libraries in Iowa Project notes that Bertram was empowered by Andrew Carnegie to carry on negotiations, answer questions, and oversee contractual arrangements. The Carnegie Libraries in Iowa Project further asserts that Bertram, and not Carnegie, was the one who established the eligibility requirements for a community to receive funding. While he did not exhibit much of a fluid or articulate communication style -- leaving his letters, notes, responses, etc. more confused and misinformed than enlightened by his instructions, Bertram considered the power Carnegie entrusted to him as a kind of sacred trust demanding his protection. Therefore, Bertram established the primary requirements that the community population should be sufficiently large to support the library.", "Carnegie United Kingdom Trust The Carnegie United Kingdom Trust is an independent, endowed charitable trust based in Scotland that operates throughout Great Britain and Ireland. Originally established with an endowment from Andrew Carnegie in his birthplace of Dunfermline, it is incorporated by a royal charter and shares purpose-built premises with the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, the Carnegie Dunfermline Trust, and the Carnegie Heroes Trust. The Carnegie United Kingdom Trust was founded in 1913 with a $10 million endowment from Andrew Carnegie. In creating the trust, Carnegie defined its purpose as: The trust's endowment provided it with a yearly budget of \u00a3100,000, a very significant amount of money at the time, causing one commentator to observe that \u2018how they spent this money was a matter of national importance\u2019. While the trust had to spend some of its money on libraries and church organs already promised to several groups by the Carnegie Corporation of New York or Carnegie himself, the trust was largely free to choose which charitable causes it would give to. In the 1910s and 1920s, the trust focused on fulfilling Carnegie's commitment to building libraries, as Carnegie himself had already done across the United States. The trust also funded the construction of several universities, including Carnegie College in Leeds, Newbattle Abbey College in Newbattle, and College Harlec in Harlech. Other contributions to the education field during this time period included funding the Workers Educational Association, supporting the first pre-school playgroups, and training social workers and librarians. In the 1930s it shifted its focus to social welfare, including the Land Settlement programme, which aimed to help unemployed men to make a living from the land. It also advocated for the creation of National Parks, subsequently introduced by the Attlee ministry after World War II."], "answer": {"text": "he gave $250,000 to Allegheny City for a music hall and library;", "answer_start": 852}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What led him to do this work?", "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "The Enoch Pratt Free Library (1886) impressed Carnegie deeply; he said, \"Pratt was my guide and inspiration\".", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his library open?", "answer": {"text": "(1886", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was it located?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things happened in regards to the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "Carnegie turned over management of the library project by 1908 to his staff, led by James Bertram,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he donate any of his money?", "answer": {"text": "in 1885, he gave $500,000 to Pittsburgh for a public library,", "answer_start": 777, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40664ed375814e2685911db272bd0e07_0_q#8", "question": "Were there other donations?", "rewrite": "Besides libraries were there other donations?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Habertarts.com Text Messaging. Habler, John. April 2009  Dallas Morning News. There\u2019s something I\u2019ve been meaning to tell you... Granberry, Michael. March 2009 Time Out St. Petersburg. Volume: Mickey Smith Project. Turkina, Olesia. December 2008  Modern Art Obsession. Mickey Smith Photography at the New Invisible-Exports Gallery. Hoeh, Mike. November 2008 New York Magazine. Photographer Mickey Smith Goes to the Library. Pearse, Emma. November 2008 PDNedu [Vol. 7 Issue #1]. One To Watch. Gordon, Jessica. March 2008 American Photography 23. Selected Photographer. November 2007  MyArtSpace.com. Interview. Sherwin, Brian. October 2007 Magenta Foundation for the Arts. Flash Forward 2007. October 2007  mnartists.org. The Medium Itself. Riddle, Mason. September 2007 Flak Photo. Weekend Series. September 2007 Review Magazine. Project-in-Print. August 2007 Flak Photo. Featured Artist. February 2007 Photography Quarterly [Issue #95]. Cover Image. September 2006 mnartists.org. Money, Money, Money. O\u2019Sullivan, Thomas. August 2005", "Book rental service Libraries have been lending books to the public for thousands of years. First libraries date back to 2600 BC during Sumerian civilization. In the modern era lending books largely happens by Public Libraries. Generally worldwide public libraries are non-profit organizations offering book lending services free to their patrons and are generally funded through taxes and donations or by the state. , Public libraries are accessible to general public and are run by civil servants, state employees, or volunteers. Some of the largest libraries in the world include Library of Congress in the United States of America and British Library with millions of titles in their catalogs. Besides the public libraries, private libraries also provide lending services, and are usually run by individuals, associations, or by corporate organizations and universities. Private libraries usually require a subscription or membership to the library (paid or unpaid) and provide services specific to the organization, area or university. Historically before the industrial revolution, books were too expensive for commoners to buy, and there were businesses which made profit by renting out books for a fee. \" Kashi-hon\" in Japan was one of such businesses. In modern era in developing and developed nations, for-profit book rental services have started to lend physical books, audiobook CDs, e-books, and audiobook MP3s through stores and/or by an online (website) interface after popularization of the World Wide Web. Most book rental companies provide books with doorstep delivery using logistic services. Following the popular Netflix model for video rental, many book companies have applied features such as unlimited rentals, free shipping, and no late fees to their book distribution services. Based on the rental method the book rental companies can be categorized into two subgroups: Based on the type of books that the book rental service rents following classification can be done: Many companies renting physical books also rent e-books.", "Unlike most countries, prison libraries in England and Wales are required to staff a professional librarian and there are minimum staffing requirements. The vision of the prison libraries is to provide services similar to those of public libraries. CILIP's Prison Library Group actively supports prison libraries in England and Wales through promotion, policy, advice, continuing education, networking, advocacy, mentoring, publishing, and involvement. Between 2005 and 2008 prison libraries\u2019 funding almost doubled. Prison libraries must meet required standards and are subject to inspection. France has had prison libraries since the mid-19th century. They were established primarily through prison funds or donations made by prisoners. Today, prison libraries are mandated by France's Criminal Procedure Code. However, according to Cramard, these libraries vary in size, location, inmate access time, etc. In addition, while all prisons are required to have a library there is no requirement for them to have a librarian and many have partnered with local public libraries to meet their needs. \"In order to introduce a larger audience to the institution libraries, the SPIP quickly took the initiative to develop a series of projects around books, literature, and writing. \" Projects include regularly scheduled workshops, such as writing skills classes, reading groups, reading workshops, and storytelling workshops, and one-time events, such as meetings with writers and illustrators and writing workshops. However, prison libraries are still a work-in-progress and the Prison Administration has declared that in 2008\u20132010 transforming prison libraries would be a priority. Prison libraries have existed in Germany since the 19th century and were run by the clergy. The libraries contained religious materials from various denominations, which inmates were encouraged to read and discuss. In the 20th century prison libraries were run by teachers. However, it wasn't until professional librarians began operating inside prison libraries that they began to really develop. Unfortunately, not all German prison libraries employ a professional librarian.", "The busts that decorated the building's exterior included Beethoven, Chopin, Liszt, Emerson, Whitman, Shakespeare, Sarah Bernhardt and Susan B. Anthony. When the building was razed in 1966, the busts were salvaged. Eight are today used in columns standing at the entrance to the Lyons Building at Southwestern Michigan College in Dowagiac. After Beckwith's death, the official company name was changed to The Estate of P.D. Beckwith Incorporated. Most stoves produced after 1890 carry the mark of \u201cEstate of P.D. Beckwith\u201d along with \u201cRound Oak\u201d, which has confused novice collectors as to the original owner of Round Oak stoves \u2013 many believing they have purchased a stove actually used by Beckwith himself. The company also added new products, like furnaces and cooking stoves, and introduced a popular mascot around 1900 \u2013 Chief Doe-Wah-Jack. Chief Doe-Wah-Jack, a fictional Native American Indian, appeared on most Round Oak Stove Company and Estate of P.D. Beckwith Inc. advertising and stoves until the company's demise in 1946. Chief Doe-Wah-Jack was introduced when, with the spread of the telephone, customers had trouble pronouncing Dowagiac when asking the operator for a connection. Chief-Doe-Wah-Jack remedied that problem by providing the town's phonetic spelling. Poor management and deaths led to the start of Round Oak's decline in 1914. Ormal Beach, the company's first salesman, died that year; Arthur Beckwith, Philo's adopted son and major innovator of Round Oak products over the years, died of tuberculosis; and lastly, veteran employee Arthur Rudolphi left to start his own furnace company after being denied a promotion.", "In 2008, The Gates Foundation gave 6.9 Million dollars to help libraries that are struggling to have internet or faster internet to their patrons. This money will be split in two by \"6.1 Million going to a non-profit broadband advocacy group and the rest of the money going to ALA's office for Technology Policy.\" (David Chartier) This extra money that these businesses get from the Gates Foundation will help out tremendously with the huge increase in patrons using the libraries use of free internet access. In 2009, Friends of Libraries U.S.A. (FOLUSA) and the Association for Library Trustees and Advocates (ALTA) join to become an expanded division of ALA known as ALTAFF, the Association of Library Trustees, Advocates, Friends and Foundations. Friends of the Library provide support through raising the budget of libraries by book sales and outreach. ALTAFF continues to fight for library and user rights, tackling such issues as youth access to internet content and censorship, such as with the sponsorship of Banned Book Week: Celebrating the Freedom to Read. Public Libraries continue to use a variety of innovative ways to advertise and advocate the importance of their services for the community through Twitter, blogs, and Facebook and by offering services such as internet/wireless access to the availability of different forms of media. In 2010, schools, filmmakers, and others are able to get the technology that they need to be able to help the people that are deaf or visually impaired and others to be able to see or hear movies, books or other materials. Just like the public libraries are able to provide some materials with other companies doing this will help people that are visually impaired or blind not to feel like they can't do anything since no other company provides the technology that they need besides libraries."], "answer": {"text": "and $250,000 to Edinburgh for a free library.", "answer_start": 917}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where are the 3000 public libraries?", "answer": {"text": "public libraries throughout the United States, Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What led him to do this work?", "answer": {"text": "he was inspired by meetings with philanthropist Enoch Pratt (1808-1896).", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "The Enoch Pratt Free Library (1886) impressed Carnegie deeply; he said, \"Pratt was my guide and inspiration\".", "answer_start": 310, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did his library open?", "answer": {"text": "(1886", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was it located?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things happened in regards to the libraries?", "answer": {"text": "Carnegie turned over management of the library project by 1908 to his staff, led by James Bertram,", "answer_start": 420, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he donate any of his money?", "answer": {"text": "in 1885, he gave $500,000 to Pittsburgh for a public library,", "answer_start": 777, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he give any more money for libraries?", "answer": {"text": "he gave $250,000 to Allegheny City for a music hall and library;", "answer_start": 852, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#0", "question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "rewrite": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld  Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld (13 June 1914 \u2013 14 May 1988) was an expert in Chinese painting and Indian sculpture and curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. He was the younger brother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Aschwin was the second and last child of Prince Bernhard of Lippe and Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm. He was born with the title of count of Biesterfeld and grew up with his elder brother Bernhard at their parents' estate, Castle Reckenwalde (now Wojnowo, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Aschwin openly supported the Nazis and become a Wehrmacht officer. During the war, Aschwin continued his education in East Asian art. In November 1942, he defended a PhD at the Humboldt University of Berlin on the 13th century Chinese painting \"Bamboos and Rock\" by Li Kan, and then worked at the Department of Chinese paintings of the in Cologne. In 1945, he left Germany, and in 1949 settled in New York as a research assistant at the Department of Far East of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where he worked until retirement in 1973. During those years, he regularly published journal articles on Chinese paintings and Buddhist sculptures from South and Southeast Asia. On 11 September 1951, Prince Aschwin married (1915-2001) in London. Arnoux was French and was previously married to Gottfried Adam Vollrat von Watzdorf. She had two children with von Watzdorf, but none with Prince Aschwin. After the birth of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands on 11 October 1969, Prince Aschwin became one of his godfathers.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line.", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia."], "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#1", "question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "rewrite": "What did Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld do while in the \"Reiter-SS\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Her only child, Juliana, was therefore born not only Duchess of Mecklenburg but also Princess of Orange-Nassau, like previous members of the Dutch royal family. When Juliana married Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld in 1936, Wilhelmina decreed that her daughter and heir presumptive would assume the title of Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, as customary, but that it would come after her birth title of Duchess of Mecklenburg. On 4 September 1948, Wilhelmina abdicated in favour of Juliana, which brought the title of Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld into the full style of the Dutch monarch. At the same time, the title of Duchess of Limburg was dropped, Wilhelmina being the last person to hold it. Like Wilhelmina, Juliana had no sons. She abdicated in favour of Beatrix, the eldest of her four daughters, on 30 April 1980. Beatrix is not a male-line descendant of Duke Henry and thus not a Duchess of Mecklenburg. She was the first Dutch monarch in 79 years not to bear the title. Through her father, she is a Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld. On 30 April 2013, she abdicated in favour of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander, who thus became the first male on the throne in 123 years. He is not a male-line descendant of Prince Bernhard and thus not a Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. He bears the honorific Jonkheer van Amsberg as the son of Claus van Amsberg. Shortened versions of the styles, used in preambles:   Titles that have appeared in shortened styles, preceded by \"His Majesty\" or \"Her Majesty\" and the monarch's name:", "The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line.", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia.", "Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg"], "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#2", "question": "Did he have any military experience?", "rewrite": "Did Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld have any military experience?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "Her only child, Juliana, was therefore born not only Duchess of Mecklenburg but also Princess of Orange-Nassau, like previous members of the Dutch royal family. When Juliana married Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld in 1936, Wilhelmina decreed that her daughter and heir presumptive would assume the title of Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, as customary, but that it would come after her birth title of Duchess of Mecklenburg. On 4 September 1948, Wilhelmina abdicated in favour of Juliana, which brought the title of Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld into the full style of the Dutch monarch. At the same time, the title of Duchess of Limburg was dropped, Wilhelmina being the last person to hold it. Like Wilhelmina, Juliana had no sons. She abdicated in favour of Beatrix, the eldest of her four daughters, on 30 April 1980. Beatrix is not a male-line descendant of Duke Henry and thus not a Duchess of Mecklenburg. She was the first Dutch monarch in 79 years not to bear the title. Through her father, she is a Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld. On 30 April 2013, she abdicated in favour of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander, who thus became the first male on the throne in 123 years. He is not a male-line descendant of Prince Bernhard and thus not a Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. He bears the honorific Jonkheer van Amsberg as the son of Claus van Amsberg. Shortened versions of the styles, used in preambles:   Titles that have appeared in shortened styles, preceded by \"His Majesty\" or \"Her Majesty\" and the monarch's name:", "The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line."], "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#3", "question": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard being involved with Nazi Germany?", "rewrite": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld being involved with Nazi Germany?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld  Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld (13 June 1914 \u2013 14 May 1988) was an expert in Chinese painting and Indian sculpture and curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. He was the younger brother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Aschwin was the second and last child of Prince Bernhard of Lippe and Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm. He was born with the title of count of Biesterfeld and grew up with his elder brother Bernhard at their parents' estate, Castle Reckenwalde (now Wojnowo, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Aschwin openly supported the Nazis and become a Wehrmacht officer. During the war, Aschwin continued his education in East Asian art. In November 1942, he defended a PhD at the Humboldt University of Berlin on the 13th century Chinese painting \"Bamboos and Rock\" by Li Kan, and then worked at the Department of Chinese paintings of the in Cologne. In 1945, he left Germany, and in 1949 settled in New York as a research assistant at the Department of Far East of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where he worked until retirement in 1973. During those years, he regularly published journal articles on Chinese paintings and Buddhist sculptures from South and Southeast Asia. On 11 September 1951, Prince Aschwin married (1915-2001) in London. Arnoux was French and was previously married to Gottfried Adam Vollrat von Watzdorf. She had two children with von Watzdorf, but none with Prince Aschwin. After the birth of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands on 11 October 1969, Prince Aschwin became one of his godfathers.", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia.", "Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line."], "answer": {"text": "Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations).", "answer_start": 442}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any military experience?", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#4", "question": "Are there details of the conversation Hitler had with Bernhard?", "rewrite": "Are there details of the conversation Hitler had with Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld  Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld (13 June 1914 \u2013 14 May 1988) was an expert in Chinese painting and Indian sculpture and curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. He was the younger brother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Aschwin was the second and last child of Prince Bernhard of Lippe and Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm. He was born with the title of count of Biesterfeld and grew up with his elder brother Bernhard at their parents' estate, Castle Reckenwalde (now Wojnowo, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Aschwin openly supported the Nazis and become a Wehrmacht officer. During the war, Aschwin continued his education in East Asian art. In November 1942, he defended a PhD at the Humboldt University of Berlin on the 13th century Chinese painting \"Bamboos and Rock\" by Li Kan, and then worked at the Department of Chinese paintings of the in Cologne. In 1945, he left Germany, and in 1949 settled in New York as a research assistant at the Department of Far East of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where he worked until retirement in 1973. During those years, he regularly published journal articles on Chinese paintings and Buddhist sculptures from South and Southeast Asia. On 11 September 1951, Prince Aschwin married (1915-2001) in London. Arnoux was French and was previously married to Gottfried Adam Vollrat von Watzdorf. She had two children with von Watzdorf, but none with Prince Aschwin. After the birth of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands on 11 October 1969, Prince Aschwin became one of his godfathers.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line.", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia."], "answer": {"text": "Table Conversations was a collection of monologues, remarks, and speeches Hitler gave during lunch or dinner to those invited to the table by him.", "answer_start": 560}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any military experience?", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard being involved with Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations).", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#5", "question": "Was there a response to the Table Conversations?", "rewrite": "Was there a response to the Table Conversations?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stewart supported the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and its investigation of the motion picture industry's communist ties. When director Frank Capra was investigated by the committee, Stewart refused to publicly defend him, because he did not want to get involved. This caused a rift with Stewart's staunchly liberal best friend and fellow actor Henry Fonda as Fonda worked with other actors to expose the unfair tactics of HUAC. Having different ideologies, a political argument in 1947 resulted in a fistfight, according to some accounts, but they maintained their friendship by never discussing politics again. The fistfight may be apocryphal as Jhan Robbins quotes Stewart as saying, \"Our views never interfered with our feelings for each other. We just didn't talk about certain things. I can't remember ever having an argument with him\u2014ever!\" The subject of politics caused heated battles in Stewart's family. Stewart loathed draft-dodgers, deeming them cowards. During the Vietnam war, Stewart's stepson Michael, a conscientious objector, actively protested the war; Stewart's daughter Kelly echoed these opinions. Dinner-table conversations sometimes erupted with yelling and shouting. In the last years of his life, he donated to the campaign of Bob Dole for the 1996 presidential election and to Democratic Florida governor Bob Graham in his successful run for the Senate. Raised in the Presbyterian church by his deeply religious father, Stewart was a devout Presbyterian and regularly attended church much of his life. He attended religiously affiliated Mercenberg Academy in his youth. During Stewart's military service, he stated that he relied on prayer to prevent him from making mistakes while flying and found peace in attending a Protestant church despite his church inactivity in his Hollywood years that he attributed to \"laziness\".", "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party. He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps. Various members of his family and friends were aligned with the Nazis prior to the Second World War, a number of whom attended the royal wedding. Protocol demanded that the prospective Prince-Consort be invited to an audience with his head of state, who at the time was Adolf Hitler. Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations). Table Conversations was a collection of monologues, remarks, and speeches Hitler gave during lunch or dinner to those invited to the table by him. Bernhard himself called Hitler a tyrant in a public speech on the BBC on 25 June 1940 after France fell to Germany. The Prince's brother, Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was an officer in the German Army. Although the secret services on both sides were interested in this peculiar pair of brothers, no improper contacts or leaks of information were ever discovered. The Prince proved himself to be a loyal Dutch citizen and officer. He cut off relations with those members of his family who were enthusiastic Nazis. As a sign of his \"Dutchness\" he spoke only Dutch when negotiating the surrender of German forces in the Netherlands. The Prince was known to be very fond of smart uniforms and medals. He made a point of wearing his medals in the English court style, even though members of the Dutch armed forces wear their medals in the Prussian style. The Prince's mother was no admirer of the Nazis and got into trouble for refusing to hoist the swastika flag on her country seat at Reckenwalde.", "Julie Manet Julie Manet (November 14, 1878 \u2013 July 14, 1966) was a French painter, model, diarist, and art collector. Born in Paris, Julie Manet was the daughter and only child of artist Berthe Morisot and Eug\u00e8ne Manet, younger brother of painter \u00c9douard Manet. The death of both parents within a three-year period left her orphaned at the age of 16. As a result, she came under the guardianship of the poet/critic St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 and went to live with her cousins. She also received support from the family's artist friends, Renoir in particular. Throughout her life Julie posed frequently for her mother and other Impressionist artists, including Renoir and her uncle \u00c9douard. Her teenage diary, published in English as \"Growing up with the Impressionists\", provides insights into the lives of French painters, including Renoir, Degas, Monet, and Sisley, as well the 1896 state visit of Tsar Nicholas II and the Dreyfus Affair, which was then raging in France. Notably, her candid accounts of dinner-table conversations about that Affair cast light on Renoir\u2019s privately held views on patriotism and anti-Semitism. In May 1900 Julie married the painter and engraver , artist and son of the painter Henri Rouart. The wedding, which took place in Passy, was a double ceremony in which Julie's cousin Jeannine Gobillard married Paul Val\u00e9ry. Julie had three children, Julien (born 1901), Cl\u00e9ment (born 1906) and Denis (born 1908). Both Julien and Denis inherited some of Morisot's paintings, now in the Marmottan Monet Museum.", "A study done by Jerica Berge looked only that the interactions at meal times with families and neglected the types of foods they were eating. The results showed that families who ate one or two meals together had lower rates of obesity. In conjunction to eating a meal together, the results showed that table conversations and family dynamics play key roles in lowering the rates of obesity in child and adults. The families who enjoy spending time together, create a sense of cohesion among each other. Family meal-time is a place where everyone can talk about their day and parents provide a positive environment for their children. Positive reinforcements included telling their children if they eat their food they will grow up to be strong and fast. By family members asking about each other day, especially to their child, they see that someone is expressing interest in their life and that they care. The more positive communication there is at the table the lesser amount of food a person will consume. Slowing down your eating is helpful in both losing weight and keeping healthy eating habits because it always your brain too caught up with your eating and signals that you are full sooner. Children will develop these eating habits that reflect a healthy living style demonstrated from their parents and/or other family members. The group that showed an increase of obesity rates was the family who spent little time together and/or when they did it was a hostile environment. Parents who were more controlling about what and how much their child ate showed an increase their obesity rates. In study done by Heather Patrick showed that this type of feeding style, referred to as authoritarian feeding, has the opposite effect on children's eating habits. In this article, researchers found that limiting or prohibiting a child's access to foods high in fat, sugar, and energy led to the desire to overeat these \"forbidden\" foods.", "Karenjit Kaur \u2013 The Untold Story of Sunny Leone Karenjit Kaur \u2013 the untold story of Sunny Leone is a ZEE5 Original Web Series. The series captures the journey of former pornstar-turned-actor Sunny Leone, born as Karenjit Kaur in a middle-class Sikh family, and her makeover from being an innocent girl to an adult film actress and eventually a Bollywood star. The ten-episode biopic premiered on the platform on 16 July 2018 on ZEE5 in multiple languages, including Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Marathi. The biopic stars Sunny Leone, Raj Arjun, Rysa Saujani, Karamvir Lamba, Bijay Jasjit Anand, Grusha Kapoor, Vanish Pradhan and Marc Buckner. Karenjit tells her story on her terms, in her inimitable style \u2013 one with no regrets. Right from her reasons of getting into the adult industry, choosing the name Sunny to owing meeting her husband to the industry itself. Directed by Aditya Datt and written by Karan Sharma, the series reveals her history, family, boyfriend-turned-husband Daniel Webber and traces lesser-known facts about her transformation from an adult film star to a popular mainstream actress. Sunny Leone has been a controversial figure for Indian masses. The actress has a massive fan-following across the world. But she became a trend-setter of sorts by effortlessly making her way from computer screens to dinner-table conversations in many a household, even in traditional and small-town India. The show was primarily shot in Cape Town and Mumbai. The shoot was over by May 2018. Before embarking on the production, ZEE5 conducted extensive research with Dragonfly & Ormax Media and discovered that the story of Sunny Leone generated curiosity across the country with a clear inclination to understand it."], "answer": {"text": "Bernhard himself called Hitler a tyrant in a public speech on the BBC on 25 June 1940 after France fell to Germany.", "answer_start": 707}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any military experience?", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard being involved with Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations).", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there details of the conversation Hitler had with Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Table Conversations was a collection of monologues, remarks, and speeches Hitler gave during lunch or dinner to those invited to the table by him.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#6", "question": "Did Hitler respond back to Bernhard?", "rewrite": "Did Hitler respond back to Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld  Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld (13 June 1914 \u2013 14 May 1988) was an expert in Chinese painting and Indian sculpture and curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. He was the younger brother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Aschwin was the second and last child of Prince Bernhard of Lippe and Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm. He was born with the title of count of Biesterfeld and grew up with his elder brother Bernhard at their parents' estate, Castle Reckenwalde (now Wojnowo, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Aschwin openly supported the Nazis and become a Wehrmacht officer. During the war, Aschwin continued his education in East Asian art. In November 1942, he defended a PhD at the Humboldt University of Berlin on the 13th century Chinese painting \"Bamboos and Rock\" by Li Kan, and then worked at the Department of Chinese paintings of the in Cologne. In 1945, he left Germany, and in 1949 settled in New York as a research assistant at the Department of Far East of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where he worked until retirement in 1973. During those years, he regularly published journal articles on Chinese paintings and Buddhist sculptures from South and Southeast Asia. On 11 September 1951, Prince Aschwin married (1915-2001) in London. Arnoux was French and was previously married to Gottfried Adam Vollrat von Watzdorf. She had two children with von Watzdorf, but none with Prince Aschwin. After the birth of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands on 11 October 1969, Prince Aschwin became one of his godfathers.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line.", "Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia."], "answer": {"text": "Protocol demanded that the prospective Prince-Consort be invited to an audience with his head of state, who at the time was Adolf Hitler.", "answer_start": 304}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any military experience?", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard being involved with Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations).", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there details of the conversation Hitler had with Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Table Conversations was a collection of monologues, remarks, and speeches Hitler gave during lunch or dinner to those invited to the table by him.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a response to the Table Conversations?", "answer": {"text": "Bernhard himself called Hitler a tyrant in a public speech on the BBC on 25 June 1940 after France fell to Germany.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#7", "question": "Was there a lasting impact due to Bernhard's attitudes to Nazi Germany?", "rewrite": "Was there a lasting impact due to Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's attitudes to Nazi Germany?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line.", "Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia.", "Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld  Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld (13 June 1914 \u2013 14 May 1988) was an expert in Chinese painting and Indian sculpture and curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. He was the younger brother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Aschwin was the second and last child of Prince Bernhard of Lippe and Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm. He was born with the title of count of Biesterfeld and grew up with his elder brother Bernhard at their parents' estate, Castle Reckenwalde (now Wojnowo, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Aschwin openly supported the Nazis and become a Wehrmacht officer. During the war, Aschwin continued his education in East Asian art. In November 1942, he defended a PhD at the Humboldt University of Berlin on the 13th century Chinese painting \"Bamboos and Rock\" by Li Kan, and then worked at the Department of Chinese paintings of the in Cologne. In 1945, he left Germany, and in 1949 settled in New York as a research assistant at the Department of Far East of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where he worked until retirement in 1973. During those years, he regularly published journal articles on Chinese paintings and Buddhist sculptures from South and Southeast Asia. On 11 September 1951, Prince Aschwin married (1915-2001) in London. Arnoux was French and was previously married to Gottfried Adam Vollrat von Watzdorf. She had two children with von Watzdorf, but none with Prince Aschwin. After the birth of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands on 11 October 1969, Prince Aschwin became one of his godfathers."], "answer": {"text": "He cut off relations with those members of his family who were enthusiastic Nazis.", "answer_start": 1145}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any military experience?", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard being involved with Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations).", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there details of the conversation Hitler had with Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Table Conversations was a collection of monologues, remarks, and speeches Hitler gave during lunch or dinner to those invited to the table by him.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a response to the Table Conversations?", "answer": {"text": "Bernhard himself called Hitler a tyrant in a public speech on the BBC on 25 June 1940 after France fell to Germany.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hitler respond back to Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Protocol demanded that the prospective Prince-Consort be invited to an audience with his head of state, who at the time was Adolf Hitler.", "answer_start": 304, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#8", "question": "How did Prince Bernhard respond to other family members?", "rewrite": "How did Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld respond to his other family members?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one.", "Her only child, Juliana, was therefore born not only Duchess of Mecklenburg but also Princess of Orange-Nassau, like previous members of the Dutch royal family. When Juliana married Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld in 1936, Wilhelmina decreed that her daughter and heir presumptive would assume the title of Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, as customary, but that it would come after her birth title of Duchess of Mecklenburg. On 4 September 1948, Wilhelmina abdicated in favour of Juliana, which brought the title of Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld into the full style of the Dutch monarch. At the same time, the title of Duchess of Limburg was dropped, Wilhelmina being the last person to hold it. Like Wilhelmina, Juliana had no sons. She abdicated in favour of Beatrix, the eldest of her four daughters, on 30 April 1980. Beatrix is not a male-line descendant of Duke Henry and thus not a Duchess of Mecklenburg. She was the first Dutch monarch in 79 years not to bear the title. Through her father, she is a Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld. On 30 April 2013, she abdicated in favour of her eldest son, Willem-Alexander, who thus became the first male on the throne in 123 years. He is not a male-line descendant of Prince Bernhard and thus not a Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. He bears the honorific Jonkheer van Amsberg as the son of Claus van Amsberg. Shortened versions of the styles, used in preambles:   Titles that have appeared in shortened styles, preceded by \"His Majesty\" or \"Her Majesty\" and the monarch's name:", "Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia.", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line."], "answer": {"text": "The Prince's mother was no admirer of the Nazis and got into trouble for refusing to hoist the swastika flag on her country seat at Reckenwalde.", "answer_start": 1565}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any military experience?", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard being involved with Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations).", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there details of the conversation Hitler had with Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Table Conversations was a collection of monologues, remarks, and speeches Hitler gave during lunch or dinner to those invited to the table by him.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a response to the Table Conversations?", "answer": {"text": "Bernhard himself called Hitler a tyrant in a public speech on the BBC on 25 June 1940 after France fell to Germany.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hitler respond back to Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Protocol demanded that the prospective Prince-Consort be invited to an audience with his head of state, who at the time was Adolf Hitler.", "answer_start": 304, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a lasting impact due to Bernhard's attitudes to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "He cut off relations with those members of his family who were enthusiastic Nazis.", "answer_start": 1145, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6a2082aebb474143978bf0f0adc8d517_0_q#9", "question": "Are there any details that one should know about his attitudes to Nazi Germany?", "rewrite": "Are there any details that one should know about Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's attitudes to Nazi Germany?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Armgard von Cramm Baroness Armgard von Cramm (; 18 December 188327 April 1971) was the mother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Armgard was born at Bad Driburg, Kingdom of Prussia (now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), fourth child and daughter of Baron Aschwin von Sierstorpff-Cramm (1846\u20131909), and his wife, Baroness Hedwig von Sierstorpff-Driburg (1848\u20131900). Armgard married on 24 October 1905 at Hanover to Count Bodo von Oeynhausen (1881\u20131909), an officer in the 8th Hussars in Paderborn, son of Count Erich von Oeynhausen and his wife, Therese von Lenthe. They divorced in 1908 and had no children. Armgard married secondly 4 March 1909 at Oelber, Brunswick to Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1872\u20131934), a younger son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the Principality of Lippe, and his wife, Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. The marriage was then considered morganatic. Thus, Armgard was created \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" () on 8 February 1909. They had two sons: On 24 February 1916 she was made \"Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" () with the style \"Serene Highness\" by Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, and this title was extended to her two sons in order to produce a new branch of the Lippe family. After the death of her husband in 1934, Armgard managed a castle and an estate in Reckenwalde, Province of Brandenburg", "Lippe-Biesterfeld  Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe between 1762 and 1905. In 1916, a new, Princely, cadet line was created for the wife and sons of Prince Bernhard of Lippe. It also became a title of the Dutch Royal House created in 1937. The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by Jobst Herman (1625-1678), youngest son of Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. From the line Lippe-Biesterfeld later the branch Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated. Both the Counties Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style \"Illustrious Highness\" () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844. When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, this according to a then secret kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, the Lippe-Detmold line died out on 20 July 1895. This resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line.", "Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934) Prince Bernhard of Lippe (Bernhard Kasimir Wilhelm Friedrich Gustav Heinrich Eduard; Oberkassel, 26 August 1872 \u2013 Munich, 19 June 1934) was a member of the Lippe-Biesterfeld line of the House of Lippe. He is most notable for being the father of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands. Prince Bernhard of Lippe, born as Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld in Oberkassel on 26 August 1872, was the 2nd son of Ernest II, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, regent (1897\u20131904) of the principality of Lippe, and Countess Karoline of Wartensleben. He was a younger brother of Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe, who succeeded as reigning Prince of Lippe in 1905. He pursued a career as a soldier, serving in the Prussian Army, and attaining the rank of major. On 4 March 1909, Bernhard entered into a morganatic marriage with Baroness Armgard von Cramm. Before this marriage, his wife was granted the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (Gr\u00e4fin von Biesterfeld) on 8 February 1909. She and her two sons Bernhard and Aschwin were created \"Princess (Prince) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" (Prinzessin (Prinz) zur Lippe-Biesterfeld) on 24 February 1916 with the style Serene Highness, which brought their children into a more senior place in the line of succession, in which they hitherto had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the beginning of a new cadet line. They had two sons: This article is based on on Dutch Wikipedia.", "Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld  Prince Aschwin of Lippe-Biesterfeld (13 June 1914 \u2013 14 May 1988) was an expert in Chinese painting and Indian sculpture and curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. He was the younger brother of Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. Aschwin was the second and last child of Prince Bernhard of Lippe and Armgard of Sierstorpff-Cramm. He was born with the title of count of Biesterfeld and grew up with his elder brother Bernhard at their parents' estate, Castle Reckenwalde (now Wojnowo, Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland). When Adolf Hitler came to power, Aschwin openly supported the Nazis and become a Wehrmacht officer. During the war, Aschwin continued his education in East Asian art. In November 1942, he defended a PhD at the Humboldt University of Berlin on the 13th century Chinese painting \"Bamboos and Rock\" by Li Kan, and then worked at the Department of Chinese paintings of the in Cologne. In 1945, he left Germany, and in 1949 settled in New York as a research assistant at the Department of Far East of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, where he worked until retirement in 1973. During those years, he regularly published journal articles on Chinese paintings and Buddhist sculptures from South and Southeast Asia. On 11 September 1951, Prince Aschwin married (1915-2001) in London. Arnoux was French and was previously married to Gottfried Adam Vollrat von Watzdorf. She had two children with von Watzdorf, but none with Prince Aschwin. After the birth of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands on 11 October 1969, Prince Aschwin became one of his godfathers.", "The dispute was resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Since then the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld were the Princes of Lippe. The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959). Stephan is the grandson of Prince Leopold IV (1871\u20131949), and a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911\u20132004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909\u20132004). On 25 October 1905 Count Leopold became the reigning Prince of Lippe as Leopold IV. On 8 February 1909, the title \"Countess of Biesterfeld\" (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883\u20131971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872\u20131934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911\u20132004) and Aschwin (1914\u20131988) were created \"Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld\" with the style \"Serene Highness\". They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line. By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles \"Prince of the Netherlands\", with the style \"Royal Highness\", and \"Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld\", were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one."], "answer": {"text": "The Prince proved himself to be a loyal Dutch citizen and officer.", "answer_start": 1078}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Prince Bernhard of Lippe- Biesterfeld's initial response to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Prince Bernhard was a member of the \"Reiter-SS\", a mounted unit of the SS and joined the Nazi party.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do while in the \"Reiter-SS?\"", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any military experience?", "answer": {"text": "He later also joined the National Socialist Motor Corps.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the significance of Prince Bernhard being involved with Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler himself gives an account of the conversation he had with Bernhard in his Tischgesprache (Table Conversations).", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there details of the conversation Hitler had with Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Table Conversations was a collection of monologues, remarks, and speeches Hitler gave during lunch or dinner to those invited to the table by him.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a response to the Table Conversations?", "answer": {"text": "Bernhard himself called Hitler a tyrant in a public speech on the BBC on 25 June 1940 after France fell to Germany.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Hitler respond back to Bernhard?", "answer": {"text": "Protocol demanded that the prospective Prince-Consort be invited to an audience with his head of state, who at the time was Adolf Hitler.", "answer_start": 304, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there a lasting impact due to Bernhard's attitudes to Nazi Germany?", "answer": {"text": "He cut off relations with those members of his family who were enthusiastic Nazis.", "answer_start": 1145, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did Prince Bernhard respond to other family members?", "answer": {"text": "The Prince's mother was no admirer of the Nazis and got into trouble for refusing to hoist the swastika flag on her country seat at Reckenwalde.", "answer_start": 1565, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d9d37cea365442bb011ddbddba8f926_1_q#0", "question": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "rewrite": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Paranoid &amp; Sunburnt  Paranoid & Sunburnt is the debut studio album by British rock band Skunk Anansie, first released in 1995 via One Little Indian Records. It was re-released in 2005 with a DVD featuring the videos to the singles. This album was recorded with the band's original drummer, Robbie France, but he is not featured on the cover. The album, featuring a mix of controversial protest songs (mainly about politics and religion), peaked at #8 in the UK Albums Chart. All tracks written by Skin and Len Arran; except \"Weak\" and \" And Here I Stand\" written by Skin, Ace, Richard Lewis and Robert France. Five singles were taken from \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", four of which were commercially released. All tracks produced and recorded by Sylvia Massy and Skunk Anansie. Mixed by Andy Wallace. Recorded at Great Linford Manor Studios."], "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4d9d37cea365442bb011ddbddba8f926_1_q#1", "question": "Did they release any albums during their early career?", "rewrite": "Did Skunk Anansie release any albums during their early career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "After forming in 1994, the band released three albums, \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", \"Stoosh\" and \"Post Orgasmic Chill\", which sold over 4 million copies worldwide; their biggest hit was the single \"Weak\". The band disbanded in 2001 and reformed in 2009. they are still recording and touring. After Skunk Anansie split, Skin released her debut solo album \"Fleshwounds\". The album was toned down from her Skunk Anansie days and did not gain the same acclaim from Skunk Anansie fans. She even ditched her trademark bald look and grew her hair into a boyish crop. While the album was not a massive success in the UK, two singles were released from it: \"Trashed\" and \"Faithfulness\". \"Lost\", a double A-side with \"Getting Away with It\", was a planned third single but was pulled shortly before release; promo CDs were sent out to radio stations but it received no airplay. Elsewhere in Europe the album's success was greater. For example, in Italy it peaked at number 6 in the album chart and in Germany at number 18. After releasing \"Fleshwounds\", Skin went on to perform various solo gigs around Europe. She was also support for the European leg of Robbie Williams' and Placebo's world tours. Soon after touring she began to record her second album, \"Fake Chemical State\", which was released for sale on 20 March 2006, preceded by new single \"Just Let the Sun\" two weeks earlier. The first single actually issued from this album was \"Alone in My Room\", a download-only track released on 7 November 2005. ' Alone in My Room' was also the name given to Skin's first solo tour in two years, which commenced in Berlin in November 2005."], "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994, subsequently taking six weeks to record its debut album, Paranoid & Sunburnt,", "answer_start": 910}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d9d37cea365442bb011ddbddba8f926_1_q#2", "question": "Did they release any other albums after this one?", "rewrite": "Did Skunk Anansie release any other albums besides Paranoid & Sunburnt?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "After forming in 1994, the band released three albums, \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", \"Stoosh\" and \"Post Orgasmic Chill\", which sold over 4 million copies worldwide; their biggest hit was the single \"Weak\". The band disbanded in 2001 and reformed in 2009. they are still recording and touring. After Skunk Anansie split, Skin released her debut solo album \"Fleshwounds\". The album was toned down from her Skunk Anansie days and did not gain the same acclaim from Skunk Anansie fans. She even ditched her trademark bald look and grew her hair into a boyish crop. While the album was not a massive success in the UK, two singles were released from it: \"Trashed\" and \"Faithfulness\". \"Lost\", a double A-side with \"Getting Away with It\", was a planned third single but was pulled shortly before release; promo CDs were sent out to radio stations but it received no airplay. Elsewhere in Europe the album's success was greater. For example, in Italy it peaked at number 6 in the album chart and in Germany at number 18. After releasing \"Fleshwounds\", Skin went on to perform various solo gigs around Europe. She was also support for the European leg of Robbie Williams' and Placebo's world tours. Soon after touring she began to record her second album, \"Fake Chemical State\", which was released for sale on 20 March 2006, preceded by new single \"Just Let the Sun\" two weeks earlier. The first single actually issued from this album was \"Alone in My Room\", a download-only track released on 7 November 2005. ' Alone in My Room' was also the name given to Skin's first solo tour in two years, which commenced in Berlin in November 2005.", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Paranoid &amp; Sunburnt  Paranoid & Sunburnt is the debut studio album by British rock band Skunk Anansie, first released in 1995 via One Little Indian Records. It was re-released in 2005 with a DVD featuring the videos to the singles. This album was recorded with the band's original drummer, Robbie France, but he is not featured on the cover. The album, featuring a mix of controversial protest songs (mainly about politics and religion), peaked at #8 in the UK Albums Chart. All tracks written by Skin and Len Arran; except \"Weak\" and \" And Here I Stand\" written by Skin, Ace, Richard Lewis and Robert France. Five singles were taken from \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", four of which were commercially released. All tracks produced and recorded by Sylvia Massy and Skunk Anansie. Mixed by Andy Wallace. Recorded at Great Linford Manor Studios."], "answer": {"text": "After switching to the Virgin label in 1998, their third album, Post Orgasmic Chill, was released in 1999.", "answer_start": 1307}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during their early career?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994, subsequently taking six weeks to record its debut album, Paranoid & Sunburnt,", "answer_start": 910, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d9d37cea365442bb011ddbddba8f926_1_q#3", "question": "Did they win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Skunk Anansie win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Skin discography Skin is the lead singer of Skunk Anansie and a solo artist. She has released two albums as a solo artist and featured on several other artists albums. For Skunk Anansie's full discography see Skunk Anansie discography. This discography features Skin's main releases across Europe. As a solo artist, Skin has worked with various other artists and provided her work for sound tracks.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during their early career?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994, subsequently taking six weeks to record its debut album, Paranoid & Sunburnt,", "answer_start": 910, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any other albums after this one?", "answer": {"text": "After switching to the Virgin label in 1998, their third album, Post Orgasmic Chill, was released in 1999.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d9d37cea365442bb011ddbddba8f926_1_q#4", "question": "Were they successful in their early career?", "rewrite": "Were Skunk Anansie successful in their early career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On August 24, 1999, they released their second album, Home. The album peaked at 19 on the Billboard 200 and featured Skin from Skunk Anansie and Chino Moreno from Deftones as guest vocalists. The two singles from the album, \"Denial\" and \"Waffle\", gave the band moderate chart success, and the latter of which was played on the Late Night with Conan O'Brien show. They appeared in Woodstock 1999 and have toured with many bands such as Korn, Staind, Nonpoint, Reveille, Godsmack, Mudvayne, Mushroomhead, Powerman 5000, Creed, Kid Rock, Machine Head, Limp Bizkit, Disturbed, and Metallica. In 1999, they gained European exposure by opening for Skunk Anansie at various shows in Germany. Skin from Skunk Anansie provided guest vocals on the track Licking Cream off Home. They also opened with Kid Rock and Ted Nugent for Metallica on New Year's Eve in 1999 at the Pontiac Silverdome near Detroit, Michigan. They also joined Slipknot, Coal Chamber and other bands on the Tattoo the Earth Tour in June 2000. Also in 2000, the song \"Fall\" was recorded by producer Sylvia Massy in 1998 at Southern Tracks in Atlanta, Georgia. \"Fall\" appears on the soundtrack to the film Scream 3. In November 2001, the band released their third album, Animosity. This album went gold and gained the band commercial success thanks to the success of singles \"Praise\" and \"Angel's Son\", which peaked at 15 and 11, respectively, on the Mainstream Rock Tracks. In 2002 they covered the theme song of Chris Jericho for WWF Forceable Entry. The song was never used as an official entry theme for him though.", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's"], "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally with such bands as U2, Aerosmith, Feeder, Lenny Kravitz, Bad Religion, Rollins Band, Therapy?,", "answer_start": 1414}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during their early career?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994, subsequently taking six weeks to record its debut album, Paranoid & Sunburnt,", "answer_start": 910, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any other albums after this one?", "answer": {"text": "After switching to the Virgin label in 1998, their third album, Post Orgasmic Chill, was released in 1999.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d9d37cea365442bb011ddbddba8f926_1_q#5", "question": "Did they receive any support from others in the industry?", "rewrite": "Did Skunk Anansie receive any support from others in the industry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical.", "European sales for the album stand at two million. Skunk Anansie released \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" on Virgin in 1999. The album was certified Platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) for selling more than 1 million units in Europe and the UK. The album was multi-platinum in both Italy and Portugal. 2009 saw the band re-unite, with the single releases of \"Because of You\" and \"Squander\", from the compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\". The album was certified Gold in Poland and Italy while also making the top 10 in Portugal. Skunk Anansie's first studio album after the reunion, \"Wonderlustre\", was released internationally on 13 September 2010. Despite debuting at number 1 in Italy, the album charted moderately in many European territories and became their first studio album to miss the UK top 40. \" Wonderlustre\" spawned the singles \"My Ugly Boy\", \"Over the Love\" and \"You Saved Me\". In 2012, the band released the album \"Black Traffic\", which reached the top 10 in Italy and Switzerland. Their sixth studio album, \"Anarchytecture\", was released on 15 January 2016. In July 2019, Skunk Anansie released the single \"What You Do For Love\". A video for the song was also released. Notes", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums."], "answer": {"text": "?, Rammstein, Killing Joke, Soulfly, Sevendust, Oomph!, Muse, Staind, Powerman 5000, Veruca Salt, Marion and A Perfect Circle.", "answer_start": 1554}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during their early career?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994, subsequently taking six weeks to record its debut album, Paranoid & Sunburnt,", "answer_start": 910, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any other albums after this one?", "answer": {"text": "After switching to the Virgin label in 1998, their third album, Post Orgasmic Chill, was released in 1999.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they successful in their early career?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally with such bands as U2, Aerosmith, Feeder, Lenny Kravitz, Bad Religion, Rollins Band, Therapy?,", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d9d37cea365442bb011ddbddba8f926_1_q#6", "question": "Is there anything else that took place in their early career?", "rewrite": "Is there anything else that took place in Skunk Anansie's early career besides touring globally with such bands as U2 and Aerosmith?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Most notable support tours were Therapy? and Lenny Kravitz in Europe and Sevendust, Rollins Band, Rammstein in the US. Skunk Anansie enjoyed success in the UK Charts with three Top 20 albums. Richardson played drums on their second album \"Stoosh\" in 1996 and their third album \"Post Orgasmic Chill\" in 1999. These albums were both certified platinum and gold in the UK respectively, and both sold over five and a half million copies worldwide. Richardson also plays on the tracks from \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" at Skunk's live shows. Richardson re-joined Skunk Anansie, after playing two gigs in April at the Water Rats venue in Kings Cross, London. A singles compilation \"Smashes and Trashes\" was released in November 2009 with a tour to follow. 2010 saw the band record a brand new record 'Wonderlustre' followed by a European arena tour and festival season of 45 festivals in 2011. Black Traffic followed in 2012 and Skunk hit the road again in Europe and playing more arenas and another 40 odd festivals in the summer of 2013. In September 2013 they played a sold out acoustic show at London's Cadogan Hall and released 'An Acoustic Skunk Anansie Live In London' to critical acclaim. The band again hit the road in Europe in support of the release. In January 2002, Feeder's drummer Jon Lee committed suicide in his Miami home. Richardson was asked by Feeder's frontman\u2014Grant Nicholas\u2014to be the new drummer with the band. Richardson had previously worked with Feeder when they supported b.l.o.w. as well as Skunk Anansie. His first gig with Feeder was a warm-up for the Reading and Leeds Festivals in 2002, at the Portsmouth Wedgewood Rooms on 21 August. Richardson recorded drums on 2002's", "After forming in 1994, the band released three albums, \"Paranoid & Sunburnt\", \"Stoosh\" and \"Post Orgasmic Chill\", which sold over 4 million copies worldwide; their biggest hit was the single \"Weak\". The band disbanded in 2001 and reformed in 2009. they are still recording and touring. After Skunk Anansie split, Skin released her debut solo album \"Fleshwounds\". The album was toned down from her Skunk Anansie days and did not gain the same acclaim from Skunk Anansie fans. She even ditched her trademark bald look and grew her hair into a boyish crop. While the album was not a massive success in the UK, two singles were released from it: \"Trashed\" and \"Faithfulness\". \"Lost\", a double A-side with \"Getting Away with It\", was a planned third single but was pulled shortly before release; promo CDs were sent out to radio stations but it received no airplay. Elsewhere in Europe the album's success was greater. For example, in Italy it peaked at number 6 in the album chart and in Germany at number 18. After releasing \"Fleshwounds\", Skin went on to perform various solo gigs around Europe. She was also support for the European leg of Robbie Williams' and Placebo's world tours. Soon after touring she began to record her second album, \"Fake Chemical State\", which was released for sale on 20 March 2006, preceded by new single \"Just Let the Sun\" two weeks earlier. The first single actually issued from this album was \"Alone in My Room\", a download-only track released on 7 November 2005. ' Alone in My Room' was also the name given to Skin's first solo tour in two years, which commenced in Berlin in November 2005.", "Skunk Anansie discography The discography of Skunk Anansie, an English rock band, consists of six studio albums and twenty-four singles, including one re-issue. The band's members include Skin (Deborah Dyer), Cass (Richard Lewis), Ace (Martin Kent) and Mark Richardson. The group formed in 1994 and disbanded in 2001; they re-united in 2009. Skunk Anansie are named after the West African folk tales of Anansi the Spider-man, with \"Skunk\" added to \"make the name nastier\". In 1995, Skunk Anansie released their debut album \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" on the One Little Indian record label. It was recorded with Robbie France on drums, who left before the album was released. Mark Richardson replaced France. The album peaked at number eight on the UK albums chart and was certified Platinum in their native United Kingdom with a Gold certification in the Netherlands; the band also won the \"Kerrang! Award\" for \"Best British Band\" in the same year. \"Paranoid and Sunburnt\" spawned two top 20 singles in the United Kingdom: \"Weak\" and a re-issue of \"Charity\", which had previously made the top 40. One year after the release of their debut, Skunk Anansie released \"Stoosh\", which was certified gold in several European countries, with a Platinum certification in Italy and also became their second UK album to be certified Platinum, while peaking at number nine on the UK album charts. \" Stoosh\" spawned their highest-charting singles, which included \"Hedonism (Just Because You Feel Good)\", which reached the top 20 in several European countries. \"Brazen (Weep)\" from the same album became their highest-charting UK single, peaking at number 11.", "Skin (musician) Deborah Anne Dyer (born 3 August 1967), known by the stage name Skin, is a British singer, songwriter, electronic music DJ, and occasional model. As Deborah Dyer, Skin studied Interior Design at Teesside University in Middlesbrough, from which she later received an honorary degree. She is best known as the lead vocalist of British rock band Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK and gained attention for her powerful, wide-ranging voice and trademark bald look. Mavis Bayton, author of \"Frock Rock\", says that \"women like Skin, Natacha Atlas, Yolanda Charles, Mary Genis, and Debbie Smith are now acting as crucial role models for future generations of black women\". In 2015, she joined the judging panel of the Italian version of the talent show \"The X Factor\" for one season, and 2016 was on the cover of the UK lesbian magazine \"Diva\". After releasing new music and touring with Skunk Anansie, in 2018 Skin was featured as one of the cover stars of \"Classic Rock Magazine\"\u2019s special She Rocks issue and was honoured with the Inspirational Artist Award at the Music Week Awards ahead of celebrating 25 years of Skunk Anansie. She also appeared on the cover of \"Kerrang!\" magazine in November 2018. Skin began her music career in Skunk Anansie, a band often grouped as part of the Britrock movement in the UK. Joining Skin in the line up for the band were Martin \"Ace\" Kent on guitar, Richard \"Cass\" Lewis on bass guitar, and Mark Richardson on drums.", "Anarchytecture  Anarchytecture is the sixth studio album by English band Skunk Anansie. It was produced by Tom Dalgety and released in January 2016 through earMUSIC and Carosello Records. \"Anarchytecture\" received mixed professional reviews. The \"Clash\" magazine wrote that while it sounded \"more sincere\" than the previous album \"Black Traffic\" the songwriting was still \"timid\", citing the lead single \"Love Someone Else\" as \"one of the dullest songs\" ever written by Skunk Anansie. The reviewer did, however, remark specific tracks like \"Death To The Lovers\" that was reminiscent of early songs like \"Hedonism\", and \"Without You\" as typical Skunk Anansie songs. \"Drowned in Sound\" wrote that the album skipped from genre to genre \"in a fairly risk-free, but comfortably accomplished way\". With \"Anarchytecture\", Skunk Anansie knew how \"to produce the best possible version of themselves\". The reviewer for \"Gigwise\" criticised that after 20 years, Skunk Anansie's original sounds had been turned to \"more conventional, melody-driven rock\". Nonetheless he praised singer Skin's honest lyrics and found that the album was enjoyable for old and new fans alike. The \"Record Collector\" magazine wrote that \"Anarchytecture\" continued the band's 1990s sound. Also the reviewer for the \"Sonic Seducer\" found references to Skunk Anansie's musical past in songs like \"We Are The Flames\" and \"Suckers!\". He wrote also that \"In The Backroom\" was reminiscent of Gossip while the opulent \"Death To The Lovers\" could as well have been performed by Annie Lennox. Papers like the \"Hackney Gazette\" and the \"London Evening Standard\" were more critical."], "answer": {"text": "In 1995 they were voted Best New British Band by the readers of Kerrang! magazine.", "answer_start": 70}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Skunk Anansie form?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any albums during their early career?", "answer": {"text": "The group played its first gig at London's Splash club in March 1994, subsequently taking six weeks to record its debut album, Paranoid & Sunburnt,", "answer_start": 910, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release any other albums after this one?", "answer": {"text": "After switching to the Virgin label in 1998, their third album, Post Orgasmic Chill, was released in 1999.", "answer_start": 1307, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they successful in their early career?", "answer": {"text": "Throughout the 1990s, the group toured globally with such bands as U2, Aerosmith, Feeder, Lenny Kravitz, Bad Religion, Rollins Band, Therapy?,", "answer_start": 1414, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they receive any support from others in the industry?", "answer": {"text": "?, Rammstein, Killing Joke, Soulfly, Sevendust, Oomph!, Muse, Staind, Powerman 5000, Veruca Salt, Marion and A Perfect Circle.", "answer_start": 1554, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0619c24fa2b94483a143c0b329141c27_1_q#0", "question": "In the 1950s what did Joan Leslie choose to do?", "rewrite": "In the 1950s what did Joan Leslie choose to do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Flight Nurse (film) Flight Nurse (aka Angels Take Over and Angels over Korea) is a 1953 American drama war film directed by Allan Dwan and stars Joan Leslie and Forrest Tucker. The film is largely based on the life of Lillian Kinkella Keil, one of the most decorated women in American military history. \"Flight Nurse\" begins with the dedication: \"This picture is respectfully dedicated to that brave legion of military nurses who are serving with the armed forces of free nations all over the world. These angels of mercy \u2013 shoulder to shoulder, share the danger and hardships of free fighting men everywhere, with devotion above and beyond the call of duty.\" During the Korean War, United States Air Force (USAF) nurse Lt. Polly Davis (Joan Leslie) flies to Japan for her first assignment with the Medical Air Evacuation Unit. Hoping to be near her fianc\u00e9, helicopter pilot Capt. Mike Barnes (Arthur Franz), she meets her roommates, Lt. Ann Phillips (Jeff Donnell) and Lt. Kit Ramsa (Kristine Miller) at the nurses' quarters in Tachikawa, but has not seen Mike. The other nurses tell Polly that \"flight nurses never get their men.\" Chief nurse Capt. Martha Ackerman (Maria Palmer), sends them on their various assignments. Polly is taken to a C-47 transport aircraft to meet medical technician, Sgt. Frank Swan (James Holden), and the pilots, Captains Bill Eaton (Forrest Tucker) and Tommy Metcalf (Dick Simmons). Her first images of war in Korea are jarring, but Polly quickly gains her composure to treat wounded men. Bill watches as Polly calmly saves a young man's life. He begins to fall in love with her. Back in Japan, Mike takes Polly on a date and talks about marriage, but he is called out on a mission.", "Repeat Performance Repeat Performance is a 1947 American film noir crime drama (with fantasy elements) starring Louis Hayward and Joan Leslie. The film was released by Eagle-Lion Films, directed by Alfred L. Werker, and produced by Aubrey Schenck. On New Year's Eve 1946, a woman is standing over her dead husband with a gun in her hand. She panics and goes to her friends for help. While seeking help from her friends at a pair of parties, she wishes that she could live 1946 all over again. Magically, because she wished exactly at the strike of midnight on New Year's, her wish is granted and she is transported back to the beginning of 1946 with her husband alive. She attempts to relive the year without making the mistakes she and her friends made throughout the year, but certain events repeat themselves nonetheless, leaving Sheila to question whether there really is such a thing as fate or not. The story climaxes again on New Year's Eve, when through Sheila's interferences over the year, her husband becomes convinced that she's trying to destroy him. He violently confronts her. Her friend William, who believed in Sheila's foresight, shoots her husband with her gun. The film changed the original story where the girl was the villain because it was felt Joan Leslie could not play a villain. This film was remade as the television film \"Turn Back the Clock\" (1989) directed by Larry Elikann. It featured Jere Burns, Wendy Kilbourne and original cast member Joan Leslie.", "Hollywood Canteen (film) Hollywood Canteen is a 1944 American musical romantic comedy film starring Joan Leslie, Robert Hutton, Dane Clark and features many stars (appearing as themselves) in cameo roles. and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. The film was written and directed by Delmer Daves, The film received three Oscar nominations. Two soldiers on leave spend three nights at the Hollywood Canteen before returning to active duty in the South Pacific. Slim Green (Robert Hutton) is the millionth G.I. to enjoy the Canteen, and consequently wins a date with Joan Leslie. The other G.I., Sergeant Nolan (Dane Clark) gets to dance with Joan Crawford. Canteen founders Bette Davis and John Garfield give talks on the history of the Canteen. The soldiers enjoy a variety of musical numbers performed by a host of Hollywood stars, and also comedians, such as Jack Benny and his violin. The film's setting is the Hollywood Canteen, a free entertainment club open to servicemen. The Canteen was created as a G. I. morale-booster by movie stars Bette Davis and John Garfield during World War II. Many of those cameoing in the film had previously volunteered to work there or provide entertainment. They include: The Andrews Sisters, Jack Benny, Joe E. Brown, Eddie Cantor, Kitty Carlisle, Jack Carson, Joan Crawford, Faye Emerson, Sydney Greenstreet, Alan Hale Sr., Paul Henreid, Joan Leslie, Peter Lorre, Ida Lupino, Dorothy Malone, Dennis Morgan, Janis Paige, Eleanor Parker, Roy Rogers (with Trigger), S.Z. Sakall, Zachary Scott, Alexis Smith, Barbara Stanwyck, Jane Wyman, and Jimmy Dorsey. The Golden Gate Quartet, an all-black quartet, make a unique appearance.", "Where Do We Go from Here? (1945 film) Where Do We Go from Here is a 1945 romantic musical comedy-fantasy film directed by Gregory Ratoff and starring Fred MacMurray, Joan Leslie, June Haver, Gene Sheldon, Anthony Quinn and Fortunio Bonanova. It was produced by Twentieth Century-Fox. Joan Leslie's singing voice was dubbed by Sally Sweetland. The score was composed by Kurt Weill with lyrics by Ira Gershwin. Gregory Ratoff directed and Morrie Ryskind wrote the screenplay from a story by Sig Herzig and Ryskind. The film is notable as Weill's only musical written directly for the screen and for its anachronistic blend of history and contemporary (1940s) slang. At the time, the mock-operatic sequence, \"The Nina, the Pinta, the Santa Maria,\" was one of the longest musical sequences ever created for a screen musical. Fred MacMurray stars as Bill Morgan, a young American who is eager to join the military and fight for his country during World War II, but his 4F status prevents him from enlisting. Bill does his bit for the war effort by collecting scrap metal. Among the discarded junk he discovers a mysterious brass bottle which he rubs to clean off the grime. Suddenly, Ali, a Genie (Gene Sheldon), appears and offers to grant him three wishes. Without thinking, Bill says he wants to be in the US army. In a puff of smoke, Bill finds himself a foot soldier in George Washington's Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. After a run-in with some Hessian soldiers, Bill escapes by wishing himself into the Navy. Once again the Genie transfers him, but this time to the crew of Christopher Columbus's ship on his maiden voyage to the new world.", "That October, it was announced that the Schuylers were expecting their first baby. Their daughter, Linda Elizabeth, was born on February 22, 1954. In 1954, Miller appeared as the second leading lady in three films. \"Flight Nurse\" (1954), starring Joan Leslie, was a drama about US Air Force flight nurses in the Korean War. Miller is a fellow officer of Leslie, involved in a romantic triangle with two pilots. Production ran May 14\u2013mid-June 1953. \"Geraldine\" (1954) is a comedy starring Mala Powers. Production ran late June to mid-July 1953. In the noir Western \"Hell's Outpost\", Miller again costarred with Leslie. Production ran July 8\u2013late July 1954. \"Hell's Outpost\" introduced Miller to Jim Davis, who would be the male lead for the only television series that Miller had a continuing role in. During the 1950s, both Joan Leslie and Miller, by now friends, were involved with fundraising for St. Anne's maternity hospital in Los Angeles. During that year, Miller made two appearances on the television series \"The Lone Wolf\", starring Louis Hayward. In one episode, Miller played an adulterous wife reminiscent of \"The Shadow on the Wall\", but is shot by her cuckolded husband instead. She made a guest appearance as Mrs. Manning on Republic's first television series, \"Stories of the Century\", starring Mary Castle and Miller's old \"Hell's Outpost\" costar, Jim Davis. In 1955, Miller returned to \"Stories of the Century\" to star in her most famous role\u2014Margaret \"Jonesy\" Jones. The series concerned a pair of railroad detectives dealing with cases from the 1850s to the first decade of the 20th century, \"wrapping them around previously shot films and serials to save money.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0619c24fa2b94483a143c0b329141c27_1_q#1", "question": "Who blacklisted her?", "rewrite": "Who blacklisted Joan Leslie?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Yankee Doodle Dandy Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 American biographical musical film about George M. Cohan, known as \"The Man Who Owned Broadway\". It stars James Cagney, Joan Leslie, Walter Huston, and Richard Whorf, and features Irene Manning, George Tobias, Rosemary DeCamp, Jeanne Cagney, and Vera Lewis. Joan Leslie's singing voice was partially dubbed by Sally Sweetland. The film was written by Robert Buckner and Edmund Joseph, and directed by Michael Curtiz. According to the special edition DVD, significant and uncredited improvements were made to the script by the twin brothers Julius J. Epstein and Philip G. Epstein. In 1993, \"Yankee Doodle Dandy\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". In the early days of World War II, Cohan comes out of retirement to star as President Roosevelt in the Rodgers and Hart musical \"I'd Rather Be Right. \" On the first night, he is summoned to meet the president at the White House, who presents him with a Congressional Gold Medal (in fact, this happened several years previously). Cohan is overcome and chats with Roosevelt, recalling his early days on the stage. The film flashes back to his supposed birth on July 4, whilst his father is performing on the vaudeville stage. Cohan and his sister join the family act as soon as they can learn to dance, and soon The Four Cohans are performing successfully. But George gets too cocky as he grows up and is blacklisted by theatrical producers for being troublesome. He leaves the act and hawks his songs unsuccessfully around to producers. In partnership with Sam Harris, another struggling writer, he finally interests a producer and they are on the road to success.", "Northwest Stampede Northwest Stampede is a 1948 contemporary Northwestern film produced and directed by Albert S. Rogell. It stars Joan Leslie and James Craig. The film was shot in Cinecolor in Alberta and features the Calgary Stampede. Joan Leslie had been suspended by Warner Bros. and it was the second of two films she made for  Eagle-Lion films. The film was financed by a $650,000 loan from the Bank of America. When the producer failed to repay this through the film failing to earn enough money the Bank took over the film.", "Repeat Performance Repeat Performance is a 1947 American film noir crime drama (with fantasy elements) starring Louis Hayward and Joan Leslie. The film was released by Eagle-Lion Films, directed by Alfred L. Werker, and produced by Aubrey Schenck. On New Year's Eve 1946, a woman is standing over her dead husband with a gun in her hand. She panics and goes to her friends for help. While seeking help from her friends at a pair of parties, she wishes that she could live 1946 all over again. Magically, because she wished exactly at the strike of midnight on New Year's, her wish is granted and she is transported back to the beginning of 1946 with her husband alive. She attempts to relive the year without making the mistakes she and her friends made throughout the year, but certain events repeat themselves nonetheless, leaving Sheila to question whether there really is such a thing as fate or not. The story climaxes again on New Year's Eve, when through Sheila's interferences over the year, her husband becomes convinced that she's trying to destroy him. He violently confronts her. Her friend William, who believed in Sheila's foresight, shoots her husband with her gun. The film changed the original story where the girl was the villain because it was felt Joan Leslie could not play a villain. This film was remade as the television film \"Turn Back the Clock\" (1989) directed by Larry Elikann. It featured Jere Burns, Wendy Kilbourne and original cast member Joan Leslie.", "That October, it was announced that the Schuylers were expecting their first baby. Their daughter, Linda Elizabeth, was born on February 22, 1954. In 1954, Miller appeared as the second leading lady in three films. \"Flight Nurse\" (1954), starring Joan Leslie, was a drama about US Air Force flight nurses in the Korean War. Miller is a fellow officer of Leslie, involved in a romantic triangle with two pilots. Production ran May 14\u2013mid-June 1953. \"Geraldine\" (1954) is a comedy starring Mala Powers. Production ran late June to mid-July 1953. In the noir Western \"Hell's Outpost\", Miller again costarred with Leslie. Production ran July 8\u2013late July 1954. \"Hell's Outpost\" introduced Miller to Jim Davis, who would be the male lead for the only television series that Miller had a continuing role in. During the 1950s, both Joan Leslie and Miller, by now friends, were involved with fundraising for St. Anne's maternity hospital in Los Angeles. During that year, Miller made two appearances on the television series \"The Lone Wolf\", starring Louis Hayward. In one episode, Miller played an adulterous wife reminiscent of \"The Shadow on the Wall\", but is shot by her cuckolded husband instead. She made a guest appearance as Mrs. Manning on Republic's first television series, \"Stories of the Century\", starring Mary Castle and Miller's old \"Hell's Outpost\" costar, Jim Davis. In 1955, Miller returned to \"Stories of the Century\" to star in her most famous role\u2014Margaret \"Jonesy\" Jones. The series concerned a pair of railroad detectives dealing with cases from the 1850s to the first decade of the 20th century, \"wrapping them around previously shot films and serials to save money.\"", "Hollywood Canteen (film) Hollywood Canteen is a 1944 American musical romantic comedy film starring Joan Leslie, Robert Hutton, Dane Clark and features many stars (appearing as themselves) in cameo roles. and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. The film was written and directed by Delmer Daves, The film received three Oscar nominations. Two soldiers on leave spend three nights at the Hollywood Canteen before returning to active duty in the South Pacific. Slim Green (Robert Hutton) is the millionth G.I. to enjoy the Canteen, and consequently wins a date with Joan Leslie. The other G.I., Sergeant Nolan (Dane Clark) gets to dance with Joan Crawford. Canteen founders Bette Davis and John Garfield give talks on the history of the Canteen. The soldiers enjoy a variety of musical numbers performed by a host of Hollywood stars, and also comedians, such as Jack Benny and his violin. The film's setting is the Hollywood Canteen, a free entertainment club open to servicemen. The Canteen was created as a G. I. morale-booster by movie stars Bette Davis and John Garfield during World War II. Many of those cameoing in the film had previously volunteered to work there or provide entertainment. They include: The Andrews Sisters, Jack Benny, Joe E. Brown, Eddie Cantor, Kitty Carlisle, Jack Carson, Joan Crawford, Faye Emerson, Sydney Greenstreet, Alan Hale Sr., Paul Henreid, Joan Leslie, Peter Lorre, Ida Lupino, Dorothy Malone, Dennis Morgan, Janis Paige, Eleanor Parker, Roy Rogers (with Trigger), S.Z. Sakall, Zachary Scott, Alexis Smith, Barbara Stanwyck, Jane Wyman, and Jimmy Dorsey. The Golden Gate Quartet, an all-black quartet, make a unique appearance."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In the 1950s what did Joan Leslie choose to do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0619c24fa2b94483a143c0b329141c27_1_q#2", "question": "What was the name of her last film?", "rewrite": "What was the name of Joan Leslie last film?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That October, it was announced that the Schuylers were expecting their first baby. Their daughter, Linda Elizabeth, was born on February 22, 1954. In 1954, Miller appeared as the second leading lady in three films. \"Flight Nurse\" (1954), starring Joan Leslie, was a drama about US Air Force flight nurses in the Korean War. Miller is a fellow officer of Leslie, involved in a romantic triangle with two pilots. Production ran May 14\u2013mid-June 1953. \"Geraldine\" (1954) is a comedy starring Mala Powers. Production ran late June to mid-July 1953. In the noir Western \"Hell's Outpost\", Miller again costarred with Leslie. Production ran July 8\u2013late July 1954. \"Hell's Outpost\" introduced Miller to Jim Davis, who would be the male lead for the only television series that Miller had a continuing role in. During the 1950s, both Joan Leslie and Miller, by now friends, were involved with fundraising for St. Anne's maternity hospital in Los Angeles. During that year, Miller made two appearances on the television series \"The Lone Wolf\", starring Louis Hayward. In one episode, Miller played an adulterous wife reminiscent of \"The Shadow on the Wall\", but is shot by her cuckolded husband instead. She made a guest appearance as Mrs. Manning on Republic's first television series, \"Stories of the Century\", starring Mary Castle and Miller's old \"Hell's Outpost\" costar, Jim Davis. In 1955, Miller returned to \"Stories of the Century\" to star in her most famous role\u2014Margaret \"Jonesy\" Jones. The series concerned a pair of railroad detectives dealing with cases from the 1850s to the first decade of the 20th century, \"wrapping them around previously shot films and serials to save money.\"", "Rhapsody in Blue (film) Rhapsody in Blue is a 1945 fictionalized screen biography of the American composer and musician George Gershwin (1898\u20131937) released by Warner Brothers. Starring Robert Alda as Gershwin, the film features a few of Gershwin's acquaintances (including Paul Whiteman, Al Jolson, and Oscar Levant) playing themselves. Alexis Smith and Joan Leslie play fictional women in Gershwin's life, Morris Carnovsky and Rosemary De Camp play Gershwin's parents, and Herbert Rudley portrays Ira Gershwin. Oscar Levant also recorded most of the piano playing in the movie, and also dubbed Alda's piano playing. Both the \"Rhapsody in Blue\" and \"An American in Paris\" are performed nearly completely, the \"Rhapsody...\" debut of 1924 conducted, as it was originally, by Whiteman himself. The film introduces two fictional romances into the story, one with a woman named Julie Adams (played by Joan Leslie) and the other a near-romance with a rich society woman played by Alexis Smith. The film notably features performances of Gershwin music by two talented and accomplished African-American musician/singers, Anne Brown (1916\u20132009) and Hazel Scott (1920\u20131981). Both were child prodigies whose training included study at the Juilliard School. Anne Brown, a soprano, created the role of \"Bess\" in the original production of George Gershwin's opera \"Porgy and Bess\" in 1935. In the film, Brown sings the aria \"Summertime\" from \"Porgy and Bess\". But in the film, the song is completely rearranged, with the first verse sung by chorus only. William Gillespie, an African-American bass-baritone, appeared uncredited as \"Porgy\" in the 'Porgy and Bess' sequence, but did not sing.", "Hollywood Canteen (film) Hollywood Canteen is a 1944 American musical romantic comedy film starring Joan Leslie, Robert Hutton, Dane Clark and features many stars (appearing as themselves) in cameo roles. and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. The film was written and directed by Delmer Daves, The film received three Oscar nominations. Two soldiers on leave spend three nights at the Hollywood Canteen before returning to active duty in the South Pacific. Slim Green (Robert Hutton) is the millionth G.I. to enjoy the Canteen, and consequently wins a date with Joan Leslie. The other G.I., Sergeant Nolan (Dane Clark) gets to dance with Joan Crawford. Canteen founders Bette Davis and John Garfield give talks on the history of the Canteen. The soldiers enjoy a variety of musical numbers performed by a host of Hollywood stars, and also comedians, such as Jack Benny and his violin. The film's setting is the Hollywood Canteen, a free entertainment club open to servicemen. The Canteen was created as a G. I. morale-booster by movie stars Bette Davis and John Garfield during World War II. Many of those cameoing in the film had previously volunteered to work there or provide entertainment. They include: The Andrews Sisters, Jack Benny, Joe E. Brown, Eddie Cantor, Kitty Carlisle, Jack Carson, Joan Crawford, Faye Emerson, Sydney Greenstreet, Alan Hale Sr., Paul Henreid, Joan Leslie, Peter Lorre, Ida Lupino, Dorothy Malone, Dennis Morgan, Janis Paige, Eleanor Parker, Roy Rogers (with Trigger), S.Z. Sakall, Zachary Scott, Alexis Smith, Barbara Stanwyck, Jane Wyman, and Jimmy Dorsey. The Golden Gate Quartet, an all-black quartet, make a unique appearance.", "Zolgokh  Zolgokh () is a traditional Mongolian formal greeting. Two people hold both their arms out, and the younger person's arms are placed under the elder person's and grasps their elbows to show support for their elder. The two people then touch each other's cheeks, usually accompanied with the phrase \"Amar mend \u00fc\u00fc\" (), meaning \"Are you well and peaceful?\". In Modern contexts, the greeting is usually reserved for Tsagaan sar celebrations, where people greet each other with zolgokh, while sometimes holding a khadag and suutei tsai. Zolgokh is usually first performed among family members on the morning of the festival (the husband and wife do not perform the greeting with each other). The greeting is first performed with the eldest people in the family, sometimes accompanied with a gift of money and/or khadag. The greeting would more accurately be termed \"Zolgolt\", but the word \"Zolgokh\" has become more widespread in English. The verb form in Mongolian is \"\"Zolgo\"\", and the \"-kh\" is added to mean \"to \"zolgo\"\". The noun form of the greeting in Mongolian is thus \"Zolgolt\", the suffix \"-lt\" being added to form a noun.", "Repeat Performance Repeat Performance is a 1947 American film noir crime drama (with fantasy elements) starring Louis Hayward and Joan Leslie. The film was released by Eagle-Lion Films, directed by Alfred L. Werker, and produced by Aubrey Schenck. On New Year's Eve 1946, a woman is standing over her dead husband with a gun in her hand. She panics and goes to her friends for help. While seeking help from her friends at a pair of parties, she wishes that she could live 1946 all over again. Magically, because she wished exactly at the strike of midnight on New Year's, her wish is granted and she is transported back to the beginning of 1946 with her husband alive. She attempts to relive the year without making the mistakes she and her friends made throughout the year, but certain events repeat themselves nonetheless, leaving Sheila to question whether there really is such a thing as fate or not. The story climaxes again on New Year's Eve, when through Sheila's interferences over the year, her husband becomes convinced that she's trying to destroy him. He violently confronts her. Her friend William, who believed in Sheila's foresight, shoots her husband with her gun. The film changed the original story where the girl was the villain because it was felt Joan Leslie could not play a villain. This film was remade as the television film \"Turn Back the Clock\" (1989) directed by Larry Elikann. It featured Jere Burns, Wendy Kilbourne and original cast member Joan Leslie."], "answer": {"text": "Leslie gained her first credited role in Winter Carnival (1939) as Betsy Phillips.", "answer_start": 1261}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In the 1950s what did Joan Leslie choose to do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who blacklisted her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0619c24fa2b94483a143c0b329141c27_1_q#3", "question": "what did she continue making appearances in?", "rewrite": "What did Joan Leslie continue making appearances in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hollywood Canteen (film) Hollywood Canteen is a 1944 American musical romantic comedy film starring Joan Leslie, Robert Hutton, Dane Clark and features many stars (appearing as themselves) in cameo roles. and produced and distributed by Warner Bros. The film was written and directed by Delmer Daves, The film received three Oscar nominations. Two soldiers on leave spend three nights at the Hollywood Canteen before returning to active duty in the South Pacific. Slim Green (Robert Hutton) is the millionth G.I. to enjoy the Canteen, and consequently wins a date with Joan Leslie. The other G.I., Sergeant Nolan (Dane Clark) gets to dance with Joan Crawford. Canteen founders Bette Davis and John Garfield give talks on the history of the Canteen. The soldiers enjoy a variety of musical numbers performed by a host of Hollywood stars, and also comedians, such as Jack Benny and his violin. The film's setting is the Hollywood Canteen, a free entertainment club open to servicemen. The Canteen was created as a G. I. morale-booster by movie stars Bette Davis and John Garfield during World War II. Many of those cameoing in the film had previously volunteered to work there or provide entertainment. They include: The Andrews Sisters, Jack Benny, Joe E. Brown, Eddie Cantor, Kitty Carlisle, Jack Carson, Joan Crawford, Faye Emerson, Sydney Greenstreet, Alan Hale Sr., Paul Henreid, Joan Leslie, Peter Lorre, Ida Lupino, Dorothy Malone, Dennis Morgan, Janis Paige, Eleanor Parker, Roy Rogers (with Trigger), S.Z. Sakall, Zachary Scott, Alexis Smith, Barbara Stanwyck, Jane Wyman, and Jimmy Dorsey. The Golden Gate Quartet, an all-black quartet, make a unique appearance.", "Thank Your Lucky Stars (film) Thank Your Lucky Stars is a 1943 American musical comedy film made by Warner Brothers as a World War II fundraiser, with a slim plot, involving theater producers. The stars donated their salaries to the Hollywood Canteen, which was founded by John Garfield and Bette Davis, who appear in this film. It was directed by David Butler and stars Eddie Cantor, Dennis Morgan, Joan Leslie, Edward Everett Horton and S. Z. Sakall. Theater producers (Horton and Sakall) try to stage a wartime charity program, only to have the production taken over by their egotistical star (Eddie Cantor). Meanwhile, an aspiring singer (Dennis Morgan) and his songwriter girlfriend (Joan Leslie) conspire to get into the charity program by replacing Cantor with their look-alike friend, tour bus driver Joe Simpson (also played by Eddie Cantor). Many of Warner Brothers's stars performed in musical numbers, including several who were not known as singers. The show features the only screen musical numbers ever done by Bette Davis, Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland, and Ida Lupino. Cameo appearances Filming for \"Thank Your Lucky Stars\" started 1 October 1942. Producer Mark Hellinger and director David Butler both made cameo appearances in the film. The film utilized sets which had been built for the Warner Bros. films \"The Green Pastures\" and \"Wonder Bar\". \"Thank Your Lucky Stars\" was the film debut of both Dinah Shore and Spike Jones and his City Slickers. Each of the cast members was paid a $50,000 fee for their appearance which was then donated to the Hollywood Canteen. \"Thank Your Lucky Stars\" was popular with audiences, and the critic James Agee called it \"the loudest and most vulgar of the current musicals. It is also the most fun.\"", "Liberation Arts was created with advice from the 17th Karmapa in 2010. Presently Terris is executive producer in a feature documentary \"Thongdrol\" on the subject of Tibetan art especially the lineage style Karma Gadri with the Karmapa. He is also completing a documentary \"Tsurphu, the Giant Appliques\", using the archival footage of the giant appliqu\u00e9s created for Tsurphu, 1992\u20132017. In Maui Hawaii 1976, the 16th Karmapa advised Terris to do flower and bird painting in addition to thangkas, which Terris only produces by commission. These bird and flower paintings are created using mineral and botanical pigments with the techniques of traditional Tibetan painting. A few are graced with the 17th Karmapa's calligraphy at the ages of 8 and 14 years old. The natural palette consists of cinnabar, orpiment, realgar, malachite, azurite, red lead, mineral whites and the earth minerals delicately lined and shaded with lac, cochineal, indigo, safflower and a Himalayan leaf known as 'shung kan'. These colors are natural pigments used before aniline dyes took the market in the 1860's and Terris has used them since the 1960's. The silks used are from China, Japan, Thailand and Vietnam. Many of these paintings are of extinct and endangered species as Terris is passionate on the preservation of our environment for future generations. Terris and Leslie continue making contributions to Tibetan Art.", "That October, it was announced that the Schuylers were expecting their first baby. Their daughter, Linda Elizabeth, was born on February 22, 1954. In 1954, Miller appeared as the second leading lady in three films. \"Flight Nurse\" (1954), starring Joan Leslie, was a drama about US Air Force flight nurses in the Korean War. Miller is a fellow officer of Leslie, involved in a romantic triangle with two pilots. Production ran May 14\u2013mid-June 1953. \"Geraldine\" (1954) is a comedy starring Mala Powers. Production ran late June to mid-July 1953. In the noir Western \"Hell's Outpost\", Miller again costarred with Leslie. Production ran July 8\u2013late July 1954. \"Hell's Outpost\" introduced Miller to Jim Davis, who would be the male lead for the only television series that Miller had a continuing role in. During the 1950s, both Joan Leslie and Miller, by now friends, were involved with fundraising for St. Anne's maternity hospital in Los Angeles. During that year, Miller made two appearances on the television series \"The Lone Wolf\", starring Louis Hayward. In one episode, Miller played an adulterous wife reminiscent of \"The Shadow on the Wall\", but is shot by her cuckolded husband instead. She made a guest appearance as Mrs. Manning on Republic's first television series, \"Stories of the Century\", starring Mary Castle and Miller's old \"Hell's Outpost\" costar, Jim Davis. In 1955, Miller returned to \"Stories of the Century\" to star in her most famous role\u2014Margaret \"Jonesy\" Jones. The series concerned a pair of railroad detectives dealing with cases from the 1850s to the first decade of the 20th century, \"wrapping them around previously shot films and serials to save money.\"", "Repeat Performance Repeat Performance is a 1947 American film noir crime drama (with fantasy elements) starring Louis Hayward and Joan Leslie. The film was released by Eagle-Lion Films, directed by Alfred L. Werker, and produced by Aubrey Schenck. On New Year's Eve 1946, a woman is standing over her dead husband with a gun in her hand. She panics and goes to her friends for help. While seeking help from her friends at a pair of parties, she wishes that she could live 1946 all over again. Magically, because she wished exactly at the strike of midnight on New Year's, her wish is granted and she is transported back to the beginning of 1946 with her husband alive. She attempts to relive the year without making the mistakes she and her friends made throughout the year, but certain events repeat themselves nonetheless, leaving Sheila to question whether there really is such a thing as fate or not. The story climaxes again on New Year's Eve, when through Sheila's interferences over the year, her husband becomes convinced that she's trying to destroy him. He violently confronts her. Her friend William, who believed in Sheila's foresight, shoots her husband with her gun. The film changed the original story where the girl was the villain because it was felt Joan Leslie could not play a villain. This film was remade as the television film \"Turn Back the Clock\" (1989) directed by Larry Elikann. It featured Jere Burns, Wendy Kilbourne and original cast member Joan Leslie."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In the 1950s what did Joan Leslie choose to do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who blacklisted her?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of her last film?", "answer": {"text": "Leslie gained her first credited role in Winter Carnival (1939) as Betsy Phillips.", "answer_start": 1261, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#0", "question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "rewrite": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although Dixon breaks up with Silver after this, she continues to act out in an erratic fashion, and Dixon eventually realizes that she is suffering from bipolar disorder, a condition that his birth mother also suffered from. Dixon calms Silver down and they take her to the hospital. Soon, Silver finds it unbearable to go back to West Beverly High and decides to go to St. Claire's School for a better semester. He then helps her re-adjust and get back to her old life. They decide to go to the prom together. Dixon is voted \"prom king\", and after he rigged the results, Silver is awarded the West Bev. \"prom queen\". During her speech she admits that she's not prom material, which creates distance between her and Dixon. At the after party he opens up to Ethan that although it hasn't been easy between him and Silver, he loves her. When Dixon realizes Ethan has a crush on Silver, he confronts him about it which forces Ethan to reveal it in front of him and Silver, and it strains their friendship. In the season 2 premiere, it is revealed he and Silver are not together, but about to reconcile. However, he learns from Teddy that she had been texting Ethan in secret and they shared a kiss, causing him to tell her he's done. He decides to join the West Bev. surf team along with Teddy, Liam, and later Ivy. When Silver tries to call him to try to get back together with him, he turns her down. They then argue when Silver decides to give him his stuff back. He then begins to date Sasha, an older DJ he meets. Dixon begins to tell her he's older and DJs for a living. When she finds out he was pretending, she dumps him but they later get back together. She then fakes a pregnancy to keep him from leaving her.", "Challenge Accepted \"Challenge Accepted\" is the 24th and final episode of the sixth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" and the 136th episode overall. It aired on May 16, 2011. With the Arcadian, Barney and Ted argue who is going to press the button to blow up the building. Ted mentions that he ran into Zoey after breaking up and she asked to get coffee, which Robin and Barney say is a signal that she wants to get back together. The episode flashes-forward to September 2011. Marshall is feeling down, so Lily decides to get them both some of their favorite soup from a filthy rundown restaurant, but Lily gets ill and begins throwing up presumably from terrible food poisoning. Desperate to stop Marshall from eating any , she runs from the school to their house, where she stops him before he takes a spoonful of his third bowl. Marshall has a business meeting with a prospective employer and has figured out the time when he'll begin vomiting. After disgusting images and stories, Marshall runs out of the room to vomit. He comes home and lies down to get some rest before his \"countdown\" finishes. He wakes up the following morning to find out that he was not ill and Lily is pregnant. Ted is distraught about the lighting for the new building and decides that this warrants getting back together with a recent ex-girlfriend, Zoey. He decides to meet her and buys an orchid like he first did, but Barney and Robin stop him. While on their way to stop Ted, they have a tender moment, but decide they need to move on. Barney lets Ted press the button to blow up the Arcadian, and Barney meets Nora again, and asks her to coffee, which Nora accepts. Robin becomes upset as she sees that Barney wants to get back together with Nora.", ", Sonny think it's to get back together and Brenda corrects him saying they would have gotten back together had he read the later she had written him prior to leaving two years ago, but now they can't get back together. Brenda has moved on and tells Sonny about her engagement to Jax. Meanwhile, Jax was with Carly asking her to sign the divorce papers. While there, after telling Carly about the engagement, Carly bets Jax one million dollars that Brenda is with Sonny asking for him back. After Jax leaves, Carly sneaks into Sonny's house and hears Brenda doing exactly what she told Jax she would be doing. Carly goes to Jax and Brenda's hotel room and tells Jax what she heard at Sonny's house. Jax calls off the wedding. Brenda shows up at the Nurses Ball alone, and gets in an argument with Carly. It ends, but then soon after Brenda throws something at Carly's head and is taken out by security for \"causing a disruption.\" Brenda then fakes having a one-night stand with a drunken Michael to get back at Carly. Before leaving Port Charles, Brenda reveals the truth to Sonny, and invites him to live with her and Alec in Rome. Sonny declines, stating that for them to try again, they each need time to heal. Brenda leaves Port Charles hopeful that one day the two of them can have a happy future together. On the General Hospital spin-off , one storyline surrounds a woman visiting from Europe \u2013 Brenda lives in Italy. The dark-haired woman has an accident at her hotel and then suffers from severe burns when the ambulance she\u2019s in explodes. When the patient\u2019s heart stops, she is sent to the hospital morgue but she regains consciousness. The woman's face remains bandaged and she is on bed rest until the season finale.", "(Marnie Reece-Wilmore) do not approve of their relationship and try to make it hard for them. Philip later realises he is still in love with Julie and he returns to her after splitting with Beth. Beth then has a short-lived relationship with Wayne Duncan (Jonathan Sammy-Lee). Lucy returns and decides to try to get Brad and Beth back together. They avoid each other and deny they want to get back together. As time goes by many of their friends try to convince them to reconcile, in the end they get back together. They decide to try to get remarried. The Willis family are delighted by their plans and everyone helps organise their wedding. On their wedding day they decide to start a new life else where, they marry in a registry office and afterwards they get on a bus leaving Ramsay Street. Their parents track them down after following the bus but Brad and Beth do not tell them they are already married. They then return to the street and have a second ceremony at Number 26. Brad and Beth then leave for their new life in Perth. Beth returns the following year to visit Brad's nephew, Zac (Jay Callahan). Brad and Beth go onto have a son, Ned (Ben Hall) but later divorce and Brad moves back to Erinsborough in 2013, along with his new wife and two of their children. British newspaper \"The Daily Telegraph\" included Imbruglia and Beth in their Top five ex-'Neighbours' stars list in 2002. In 2010, to celebrate \"Neighbours\"' 25th anniversary, British satellite broadcasting company Sky profiled 25 characters of which they believed were the most memorable in the series history. Beth is in the list and describing they state: \"Beth was something of a retread of Charlene \u2013 she was a tomboy, eventually becoming a builder's apprentice; her young love with the hunk", "Sami told Rafe, Gabi was pregnant and Rafe find Gabi with Will at abortion clinic and went off on Will. Sami would defend Will against Rafe. Gabi came out of the clinic and reveals she decide to keep the baby. After Rafe found out that Sami was working for EJ. Rafe and Sami argue over Sami working for EJ, later Rafe and Sami would work together on Nick's and Gabi's wedding. However Rafe would still be fighting EJ over Sami's affections, Rafe would start to get frustrated. And got upset after seen Sami with EJ and the kid and confront Sami about it. Rafe would walk away from Sami after the fight. Rafe would go out with Nicole on New Year's Eve and they saw EJ and Sami. Nicole came up with a plan to get EJ away from Sami long enough for Rafe to be alone with Sami. While Nicole distract EJ. Rafe planted a kiss on Sami during New Year's Eve. After that Rafe believe he had in the beg and thought Sami was all his and that he won. And that there was no way EJ and Sami were going to get back together or that EJ would have Sami. Rafe would run into Sami and kiss her again after Sami get at EJ for what Kristen did. Rafe wanted Sami to tells EJ that she was going to get back together with Rafe again. Later Sami decide get back together with Rafe and tells EJ after the wedding was over. However thing would change at Nick's and Gabi's wedding Chad reveal that Nick wasn't the father of Gabi's baby. A fight broke out between Rafe and Chad , Hope broke it up than Will reveal the baby was his. This cause Sami to get mad and go after Gabi and attack where Rafe came in and defend Gabi and put the blame on Will."], "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#1", "question": "Did all the original members return?", "rewrite": "Did all the original members of the Eagles return?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Matt Ryan was once again the hero, finding a wide-open Rich Gunnell for a 43-yard TD pass with 1:46 to go to give the Eagles the 20\u201317 lead. Clemson's 54-yard FG attempt to tie the game fell short, clinching the victory for Boston College. The Eagles eventually lost the ACC Championship Game to the Hokies. BC played in the Champs Sports Bowl against the Michigan State Spartans, winning 24\u201321. 2007 marked the second time in Eagle history that the team won 11 games, the other being the undefeated 1940 season. Matt Ryan won the Manning Award and the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award, becoming BC's first major award recipient since Mike Ruth won the Outland Trophy in 1985. Ryan finished 7th in the Heisman race, garnering 9 first place votes. Jamie Silva was a Consensus All-American, BC's first since William Green in 2001. The 2008 season saw the Eagles return to the ACC Championship Game, this time behind a defense that ranked 5th in Total Defense. The Eagles fell once again to the Hokies. In both 2007 and 2008, the Eagles had defeated the Hokies in the regular season meeting only to lose in the ACC Championship Game. Following the 2008 season, Jagodzinski was fired for interviewing with the New York Jets. Frank Spaziani, promoted from defensive coordinator of the Eagles, was hired as BC's head coach in January 2009. Prior to the 2009 season, star LB and reigning ACC Defensive Player of the Year Mark Herzlich was diagnosed with Ewing's Sarcoma, a rare form of bone cancer. Herzlich was forced to miss the entirety of the 2009 season.", "They got off to a flying start as they overcame the challenges of Swinton, Barrow and Bradford in the first month of the new season. That year saw the Eagles return to Wembley for the first time in more than 2 decades to claim the inaugural 1895 Cup by defeating Widnes 38\u201316. However, their League season was less of a success as they finished in 7th place. During the off-season, plans to build the Olympic Legacy Park were put into jeopardy as a court case to claim 100% ownership of Sheffield United F.C. found in favour of HRH Prince Abdullah bin Musa'ad bin Abdulaziz Al Saud over Kevin McCabe -one of the main investors to the OLP project for Sheffield. Because of this, there were fears that Mr McCabe would remove plans for his Scarborough Group LTD to head up construction of a new ground on the site at the OLP. However, these fears were quashed when it was revealed construction would go ahead as planned in early 2020. The club adopted the colours of the original Sheffield Eagles, playing in red, yellow and white. The club's shirts have been predominantly red with either a yellow or white V across the front. Away shirts vary in colour with some being black or white. The 2019 home shirt is white with a red and gold V. The 2019 away kit is a full black strip, with yellow stripes down the side of the shirt. The original club's badge was an Eagles head inside a crest with \"The Eagles\" across the top and Sheffield Eagles in italics across the bottom. The inside of the crest was yellow with a red border. The new club chose to use a different more updated crest to replace the old dated one. The new more modern crest features an eagle carrying a rugby ball within a circle with Sheffield Eagles around it. Sheffield originally played at Don Valley Stadium.", "United Buddy Bears Buddy Bears are painted, life-size fiberglass bear sculptures developed by German businesspeople Klaus and Eva Herlitz, in cooperation with sculptor Roman Strobl. The raised arms of the standing Buddy Bears are intended to indicate friendliness and optimism. The first bears were displayed at an artistic event in Berlin in 2001. The first activities were presented as the \"Buddy Bear Berlin Show\". In 2001, artists painted approximately 350 bears to appear as decorative elements in the streets of Berlin. Four different bear designs (one standing on all four paws, one standing on two legs, one standing on its head, and one in a sitting position) were placed in the city centre of Berlin. Afterwards, many of the bears were sold at auctions in aid of child relief organisations. Nowadays, these Berlin Buddy Bears are exclusively presented on private premises, in front of hotels and embassies, as well as in the foyers of various office buildings. There have been exhibitions of the original \"Buddy Bears\" \u2014 designed by local artists \u2014 in the cities of Shanghai (2004), Buenos Aires (2005), and St. Gallen / Switzerland (2006). \"United Buddy Bears\" is an international art exhibition with more than 140 two metre tall fiberglass bears. Under the motto: \"We have to get to know each other better, it makes us understand one another better, trust each other more, and live together more peacefully\", more than 140 countries acknowledged by the United Nations are represented, promoting \"tolerance, international understanding and the great concept of different nations and cultures living in peace and harmony\". The bears stand \"hand in hand\" in a \"peaceful circle\" (The Art of Tolerance). The bears were on display between June and November 2002, in a circle around the Brandenburg Gate. Around 1.5 million people visited this first exhibition.", "On 6 November 2002, the bears were moved to new locations, including their respective countries embassies in Berlin, or back to country that they were based on. Some of the bears were auctioned off to raise money for UNICEF. After the success of the first exhibition, a new circle was created in 2003. The idea was to send the circle on a global tour. The circle changes when it reaches a new city, as the bears are always set up in alphabetic order, following the local language of the host country. Entry to the exhibitions is always free. In every metropolis, the United Buddy Bears exhibitions are supported by the government, the foreign ministries, the mayors and the UNICEF organisations. The bears have been displayed at the following locations since the beginning of the tour: In the autumn of 2003, the circle of \"United Buddy Bears-The Minis\" \u2014 was presented in Berlin for the first time. Since then, this circle has been shown in Frankfurt/Main, in Potsdam and at the Sony Center in Berlin, as well as destinations outside of Germany, including Bratislava in Slovakia, Calais in France, and Yekaterinburg and Kazan in Russia. , donations and proceeds from the sale of \"Buddy Bears\" at auction had generated a total of Euro 2,300,000 in support of UNICEF and local organisations helping children in need. In the early years, the Bears were designed by regional artists and Berlin celebrities for the exhibition \"Art in the City\". From 2002 onwards, thanks to support from Lufthansa, Air Berlin and the Berlin Hotel Association, artists from all five continents took part in the international project \"United Buddy Bears\".", "The 13 Cold-Blooded Eagles The 13 Cold-Blooded Eagles is a 1993 Hong Kong \"wuxia\" film produced and directed by Chui Fat and starring Waise Lee and Cynthia Khan. The film is a remake of the 1978 film, \"The Avenging Eagle\". During a cold day, the disciples of the Shinshu Religion madly robs a village and hides in the forest. Suddenly, a group of martial arts experts named the \"13 Cold-Blooded Eagles\" dash in and kill the disciples. After killing them, the 13 Cold-Blooded Eagles return to the Flying Eagle Fort and report to their foster father Yue Xihong (Yen Shi-kwan). Yue then commands them to kill Monster (Chung Fat), leader of Shinshu and take his \"Seven Stars Reserpine Technique\" manual. The 13 Cold-Blooded Eagles ride up to peak of Hua Mountain where Monster resides. There, the eagles corner Monster at the edge of the cliff while Monster grabs Silver Eagle Qi Yingming (Lau Chi-wai) and falls off the cliff together. Monster dies afterwards while Qi was heavily injured but was rescued by Quihua (Cynthia Khan) and takes him back to her estate. There Quihua nurses Qi back to health and Qi returns to the Flying Eagle Fort while not Quihua his true identity. Yue discovers that the manual is in the hands of Ao Tianheng and he orders his disciples to assassinate Ao and take the manual. Qin thinks that Ao had never committed any evil deeds in the \"jianghu\" community and should not victimise an innocent man but he had to obey his mentor. In a hut, the sickly Ao was meditating before three of the eagles come in from the window. Ao's daughter Quihua draws her sword to protect her father and battle the three eagles."], "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#2", "question": "Did they make another album?", "rewrite": "Did the Eagles make another album aside from the reunion?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brad Sheppard Bradley Sheppard (born 23 May 1991) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was selected as a first round pick (number 7 overall) in the 2009 National Draft. Sheppard was born in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia and attended Wesley College. He represented Western Australia at the National AFL U18 Championships in both 2008, when he was ineligible to be drafted, and again in 2009, his draft year. In 2009, he played 15 games at WAFL League level with the East Fremantle Football Club and was also awarded a position in the Under 18 All-Australian as a back pocket for his performance at the 2009 AFL U18 Championships. Sheppard was invited to and attended the annual AFL Draft Camp at the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra in October 2009 and tested in the top 10 in the 20 m sprint (=10th, 2.96s) and 6x30m repeat sprints (24.69s) out of those that attended. He has represented Western Australia in cricket at under-17 level and is related to the Australian cricketing Marsh family, with Geoff Marsh as an uncle and cousins Shaun and Mitchell Marsh. Sheppard made his debut for the West Coast Eagles against Hawthorn in round 7, 2010. He was on the end of a dangerous tackle from Hawthorn's Chance Bateman which saw him suspended for two weeks. In 2015, he was named the club's player of the finals after an impressive campaign which saw the Eagles make the Grand Final, ultimately losing to a rampant Hawthorn. Sheppard was one of the best in the deciding match. In Round 17 of the 2018 Season, Sheppard played his 150th match against the Fremantle Dockers. In the first week of the 2018 Finals series, Sheppard suffered a season-ending hamstring injury and subsequently missed playing in the 2018 AFL Grand Final which was won by West Coast.", "Intelliwave Technologies Intelliwave Technologies Inc. is a software company headquartered in Alberta, Canada. providing tracking and control solutions for construction, fabrication and maintenance projects. SiteSense web and mobile software, developed by Intelliwave Technologies, provides a full suite of site material control and location tracking products, including equipment and workforce tracking components for one all-inclusive solution catering to the supply chain and construction projects. Intelliwave Technologies was formed to provide new solutions in the construction industry to help increase \"Time on Tools\" for craft labor and improve site safety. Initially focused on the oil sands in Alberta, Intelliwave now serves clients globally in oil and gas, power, chemical, mining, civil, and in buildings construction projects.", "Giorgio Gorla Giorgio Gorla (born August 7, 1944 in Novara) is an Italian sailor. He is a 3-time Olympian, winning two bronze medals.", "The band also contributed a cover of the Nirvana song In Bloom for Kerrang!'s cover album of Nevermind, released in their special edition issue celebrating the 20th anniversary of the grunge act's breakthrough release. Through Facebook and Twitter, the band has uploaded a video explaining everything that has happened to them in the past year. Nixon explains the band leaving their record label and the struggle to make another album. They created a Kickstarter campaign to help fund their record, believing that their fans could cover the cost of making the new album by only asking a dollar per fan. Framing Hanley enter the studio to record their successfully funded album. According to their official Twitter feed, and other fan sites, Framing Hanley has named Robert Venable as the mixing engineer for this album. On August 17, 2012, Framing Hanley revealed the title of their third album would be \"The Sum Of Who We Are\". On August 10, 2013, Framing Hanley announced the departure of Luke McDuffee as bassist. The original release date of the album was October 22, however due to legal issues it had been postponed. They had announced a new record deal and that the album's new release date would be April 29, 2014. There will be a single \"Criminal\". The day before the release of the album Billboard streamed the album. In late May 2014 they released a music video for \"Criminal\". The band announced that they were going on a hiatus via Facebook in 2015. Lead singer Kenneth Nixon announced a reunion in 2018. Exactly after three years of the hiatus, the band announced their reunion via Facebook on April 11, 2018 and announced their comeback album entitled \"Sumner Roots\" which is scheduled to be released in early 2019, they have released a single called Puzzle Pieces.", "2018 Philadelphia Eagles season The 2018 season was the Philadelphia Eagles' 86th season in the National Football League and their third under head coach Doug Pederson. The Eagles entered the season as the defending champions of Super Bowl LII, and attempted to become the first team since the 2004 New England Patriots to repeat as Super Bowl Champions. They opened the season with the NFL Kickoff Game on September 6, beating the Atlanta Falcons 18\u201312. A vast majority of their Super Bowl-winning squad from the 2017 season was retained, although some notable losses included tight end Trey Burton (who contributed to the Philly Special in the Super Bowl), defensive end Vinny Curry, and cornerback Patrick Robinson. Franchise quarterback Carson Wentz, who had been injured late in the 2017 season, returned as a starter in Week 3, but a back injury would bump him down as the number 3 quarterback instead of being placed on injured reserve, and Nick Foles would start in his place for the remainder of the season. The Eagles struggled through the first three months of the season to a 4\u20136 record, with inconsistent play and multiple injuries to players such as safety Rodney McLeod and running back Jay Ajayi. With a 21\u201317 loss to the Carolina Panthers in Week 7, the Eagles failed to improve or match their record from the previous season. The Eagles also made history in Week 11 with a 48\u20137 loss in New Orleans, the largest loss by a defending Super Bowl champion in league history. Despite this, the Eagles proceeded to win 5 of their last 6 games, including two division wins over the New York Giants and the Washington Redskins to move to 9\u20137. A three-game win streak to end the season which included upset wins over the Rams, Texans, and Redskins help the Eagles make the playoffs with a Vikings loss to the Bears."], "answer": {"text": "The ensuing tour spawned a live album", "answer_start": 754}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the original members return?", "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#3", "question": "was the album successful?", "rewrite": "was the live album successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["\" The \"Los Angeles Times\" gave the album a perfect four star rating and called it a \"stone cold masterpiece\", praising how the album's parody tracks work well from their original material with Yankovic's take on the lyrics. \" The A.V. Club\" considered the album successful with only a few missteps, with \"smart meta-commentary on pop music and a collection that never takes itself too seriously\". \" Rolling Stone\" reviewed the song \"Tacky\" stating that \"Weird Al is in fine form throughout the track\". ABC News's Allan Raible described the album as among his best work, writing, \"What makes this one sharp is that it really captures the current culture in a bubble in a way that is more pinpointed than on previous records.\" \"Billboard\" considered the record's original songs its best material, and \"Word Crimes\" the best parody. \" Paste\" similarly agreed that Yankovic's original materials were the highlight of the album, and that as a whole, \"Mandatory Fun\" is \"a good, humorous album that shows that Yankovic is not slowing down in the slightest\". \"Mandatory Fun\" won the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album at the 57th edition. \"Mandatory Fun\" debuted atop the United States \"Billboard\" 200 on the week of August 2, 2014. This makes it Yankovic's first number one album on the chart in his more than 30-year career. \" Mandatory Fun\" was the first comedy album to debut at the number one slot. \" Mandatory Fun\" is also the first comedy album to reach the number one spot since Allan Sherman's \"My Son, the Nut\" in August 1963.", "R\u00fcya (Hande Yener and Seksend\u00f6rt album)  R\u00fcya (\"Dream\") is a remix album by Turkish singer Hande Yener and music group Seksend\u00f6rt. It was released on 11 June 2012 by Poll Production. It Yener's first album since the release of \"Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler\". It was also the first major work by Seksend\u00f6rt since the release of their previous studio album \"Ak\u0131yor Zaman\". The album contains a new version of the song \"R\u00fcya\", performed by Yener and Seksend\u00f6rt. The song was originally released by the music group \u00dcnl\u00fc in 1996. The album also contains a new song written by Sinan Ak\u00e7\u0131l and titled \"\u00d6fkem Var\". Remixed versions of Yener and Seksend\u00f6rt's songs from their previous works were included in the album as well. In an interview, Hande Yener stated that working together with Seksend\u00f6rt was Polat Ya\u011fc\u0131's idea and added that their duet song was also chosen by Ya\u011fc\u0131. A new song written by Sinan Ak\u00e7\u0131l, titled \"\u00d6fkem Var\", was recorded and included in the album as well. The song \"R\u00fcya\" was recorded in the early months of 2012 and released on 14 April 2012 by TTNET M\u00fczik. The reviews put forward by critics about the album in Turkey were generally positive. Radioman Michael Kuyucu found the remixes in the album successful and wrote: \"'R\u00fcya' is a strange song, it begins with Arabic and unison sounds, and is noisy and I think a bit outside the molds. It's a scary song. The Alaturka motifs inside it did not suit Hande.", "Hayat M\u00fczik's critic Yavuz Hakan Tok also praised the album and wrote: \"It takes sufficient influence from both past and present, the elements and the genre have been chosen correctly, the musicality is good, \"Ben Bazen\" is a good pop album. Simge shows her progress after the success of her previous pop singles with this new album. While it consolidates her position, it also assures you what you can expect next. \" On his review, Michael Kuyucu liked the album and praised Ozan Bayra\u015fa's arrangements and said: \"Simge shows justified success and rise in this album... An excellent album when it comes to the interpretation of Simge's work and image, and the arrangements and the sound of the songs.\" \"Habert\u00fcrk\"s Oben Budak found the album successful and wrote: \"It is not an album that you will go and listen to once and set it aside after, or to get tired of it after listening to it for the third time, its content needs to be digested.\" He also believed that Simge was \"one of the rare names that could break the boring uniformity of pop music.\" NTV.com.tr's reviewer Suat Kavukluo\u011flu, who praised the teamwork in the album, wrote that the songs formed a bridge to the past: \"Feeding itself from the roots of pop music, \"Ben Bazen\" is based on the works of many legendary figures from Madonna to Sezen Aksu.\" Credits adapted from \"Ben Bazen\"s album booklet.", "Naim Dilmener also made a similar comparison, saying \"It's boring, but there's more contemporary electronic sound in it than Hande Yener's album. \" DJ Suat Ate\u015fda\u011fl\u0131 described the album as a \"beautiful combination of dance and electronic music\". \" H\u00fcrriyet\"s Sava\u015f \u00d6zbey also commented on the album, saying: \"It's an album totally made for car driving. There's a song called 'B\u0131rakma Beni'. After the emergence of Anatolian rock, I don't know whether we should call her genre Anatolian electro or not, but this album seizes me by the neck.\" Hikmet Demirkol from the same newspaper, found the album as a \"bold step\" in Turkey's music market. \"Milliyet\"s Murat Be\u015fer compared the lyrics to those of \"\u00c7eksene Elini\" and found the album more likable, saying: \"\"Sustuysam\", is a product with good quality, in contrast to '\u00c7eksene Elini'. Although it may sound funny to some, the songs are generally listenable.\" Ger\u00e7ek Pop's editor Fatih Melek found the album successful, giving it 3.5 out of 5, and wrote in his review: \"On these days, when local music is becoming more and more intimate with electronics, this is an album that should be listened to\". Radioman Michael Kuyucu stated that album was of good quality but could not be commercially successful, commenting: \"There is not much to say for songs, because this type of music sounds like free vocals on a loop, and unfortunately most of the songs are soulless and emotionally weak, as in Hande Yener's album.", "\"Edis skilfully weaves through dance rhythms and ballads, and is inspired by his personal experiences, reaching the warmth of a timeless romanticism. \" Edis has given a number of concerts in Turkey to promote the album. According to a report by \"S\u00f6zc\u00fc\" 4,000 people attended the album's promotional concert at the Zorlu PSM. To promote the album, a music video was made for its first single \"Roman\", directed by Murat Joker and released on the same date as the album. Within its first day of release, it reached one million views on YouTube. The song ranked first on T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Top 20 for four consecutive weeks. \" Yalan\", \"\u00c2n\", and \"Bana Ne\" were the other songs for which separate music videos were released. \"\u00c2n\" received generally positive reviews from critics. The album was found by some to be out of the normal boundaries of other albums and Edis's originality was praised by some critics, yet some compared his style to that of Murat Boz and Tarkan. In \"Milliyet\", Mehmet Tez found the album to be very modern and described the songs's originality as impressive, and praised Edis's efforts to deliver a work that is within the standards of pop music, saying \"Edis's album \"An\" is an album that aims to capture world pop music in terms of sound and infrastructure.\" Mayk \u015ei\u015fman from the same newspaper also found the album successful and commented: \"We are not facing a surprise; as we expected an album like this from Edis, which is pop, modern and captures the 'moment'.\""], "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 1 on the Billboard album chart.", "answer_start": 929}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the original members return?", "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another album?", "answer": {"text": "The ensuing tour spawned a live album", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#4", "question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "rewrite": "Did the live album have any hit songs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Adam Olacak \u00c7ocuk\", a section of his show dedicated to children, strengthened Man\u00e7o's popularity among the young generations. Although his fame continued in the 1990s thanks to the wide audience of his TV show, which was followed by all age groups, his musical works in this period were not as successful as those in the previous decades. The albums \"Mega Man\u00e7o\" (1992) and \"M\u00fcsadenizle \u00c7ocuklar\" (1995) were considered the weakest efforts of his career, despite the limited success of the 1992 children hit \"Ay\u0131\" (The Bear). On the other hand, in 1995 he toured in Japan with Kurtalan Ekspres, leading to \"Live In Japan\" (1996), his only live album. He released two albums in that country with some recognition as \"the man who writes songs about vegetables\", referring to \"Domates, Biber, Patl\u0131can\" (\"Tomato, Pepper, Aubergine\") and \"Nane, Limon Kabu\u011fu\" (Mint, Lemon Rind), two of his hit songs from the 1980s. On 1 February 1999, Bar\u0131\u015f Man\u00e7o died of a sudden heart attack before the release of his just finished last work \"Man\u00e7oloji\" (\"Man\u00e7ology\" or \"Manchology\") (1999), a double album containing the new recordings of his hit songs along with an unfinished instrumental song \"40. Y\u0131l\" (\"The 40th Anniversary\"), celebrating his 40th year in music. His sudden death caused an almost unanimous shock in Turkey with millions of people mourning and tens of thousands of people attending his funeral. He was interred at Kanl\u0131ca Cemetery in Istanbul. Bar\u0131\u015f Man\u00e7o was one of the most influential Turkish musicians.", "His last song project was Suun Ko Bala which is now performed by Avinash Ghising. After 15 years of his death a pop artist remixed his song \"Yespali Dashin\" which made a lot of fan angry at Jhilkey Badal or Badal Parasi but it started Jhilkey Badal's career. Cool would mostly sing pop music throughout his musical career and he had recorded few hip hop songs with his band, Girish Khatiwada, which most of the songs were hit songs. He mostly sings songs for issues that were happening or happened at his lifetime, he would sing some songs for his family to appreciate how they have become a role-model for Cool Pokhrel, and he has sung few songs for his family such as \"Ama\" meaning \"Mother\" and he has released an album for his family called \"Ama\", which became one of the successful albums of Cool's career. \"Sun Meri Maya\" meaning \" Listing My Lover\" this song was recorded about his love life and school love life and the songs included in this album super hit songs such as Jadi Chu Ma and School, after the success of the solo song and album he started working in his second album called Aama meaning Mother which was recorded for his mother, family and his background, the songs in this album became blockbuster, the songs such as Aama became highly known by other audience which led him to be one of the popular singers, and loved by teens since he would mainly target teens. \" Huna Ra\" was recorded by Cool Pokhrel and other artists, produced by Music Nepal became hit songs as well and the song \"Huna Ra\", the title song became widely known. His last album had been finished recording in 2004 but has not been released yet due to his death.", "MTV Unplugged (Juanes album) Juanes: MTV Unplugged is the third live album of Colombian singer Juanes. It was recorded before a live audience at the New World Symphony Center in Miami Beach, Florida, on February 1, 2012 and was released by Universal Music Latino on May 29, 2012. The album includes featured performances by the Spanish composer Joaqu\u00edn Sabina and the Brazilian singer Paula Fernandes. The album features rearranged takes on Juanes' hit songs like \"Me Enamora\", La Camisa Negra and \"A Dios le Pido\". The first single of the live album was released on March 5, 2012 called La Se\u00f1al, which became a hit in Latin America. The second single was \"Me Enamora\", with new instrumental arrangements, and was released two days after of the album's release. The album featured three new songs, one of which was a collaboration with Joaqu\u00edn Sabina. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums Chart and won the 2012 Latin Grammy for Album of the Year. This was the third time he won Album of the Year at the Latin Grammys. Following the release of his previous album, \"P.A.R.C.E.\" (2010), Juanes embarked on a tour to promote the album. However, the tour was canceled in the United States on May 2011 following the separation with his former manager Fern\u00e1n Mart\u00ednez, who labeled his last album a commercial failure, and the desire to spend time with his family. Mart\u00ednez also affirmed that Juanes was experiencing depression and personal problems and would retire for a few years which Juanes's wife denied. On December 2011, Juanes announced that he would record a live album as part of the \"MTV Unplugged\" series.", "Connie &amp; Clyde \u2013 Hit Songs of the 30s Connie & Clyde \u2013 Hit Songs of the 30s is a studio album recorded by U. S. Entertainer Connie Francis. Allegedly inspired by the success of Arthur Penn's 1967 motion picture \"Bonnie & Clyde\", Connie Francis decided in March 1968 to record an album of songs from the depression era. To compile a repertoire of songs with the most appeal to the listener, Francis interviewed several contemporary witness about the hit songs from that era and finally made her choice. The album's title is a word play on the outlaw duo Bonnie and Clyde, two of the most remembered personalities of the era. Robert Arthur, the musical director of \"The Ed Sullivan Show\", provided the only new song, the opening track \"Connie & Clyde\". Francis followed this project with enthusiasm, and within an unusual short preparation time of less than two months after the initial idea, the album was recorded on May 6, 7, and 11, 1968. Arrangements were provided by Don Costa, the live orchestra during the sessions was conducted by Joe Mazzu. Two recordings on this album are especially noteworthy : \"Button Up Your Overcoat\" and \"You Oughta Be in Pictures\" were treated with a special mixing technique. The first bars of each song feature a nostalgic fake gramophone sound before bursting into glorious 1968 state of the art stereo. The mixing of all song was done immediately after the recording sessions in early May 1968, followed by the album's release at the end of the same month. In Germany, the album was released in a slightly edited version: \"With Plenty Of Money And You\" was removed from the \"Golddiggers' Medley\", so the recording starts immediately with \"We're In The Money\". On the album cover, the song was renamed \"The Golddiggers' Song:", "Love Runs Blind discography The discography of the Bangladeshi rock band Love Runs Blind (often abbreviated as LRB) consists of fourteen studio albums, one live album, five music downloads, two compilation albums, fifteen music videos and appeared on six mixed albums. Formed in Chittagong in 1991, their first lineup consisted of vocalist and guitarist Ayub Bachchu, keyboardist S.I. Tutul, bass guitarist Saidul Hasan Swapan and drummer Habib Anwar Joy. Their first studio album \"LRB I\" and \"LRB II\" was released in 1992 and was a double album, which was the first ever double album in Bangladesh. Love Runs Blind's third studio album \"Shukh\" was released in 1993, and is their most commercially successful album. The album contained hit songs like \"\u099a\u09b2\u09cb \u09ac\u09a6\u09b2\u09c7 \u09af\u09be\u09af\u09bc (Let's Change)\", \"\u09b0\u09c1\u09aa\u09be\u09b2\u09bf \u0997\u09bf\u099f\u09be\u09b0 (Silver Guitar)\", \"\u0997\u09a4\u0995\u09be\u09b2 \u09b0\u09be\u09a4\u09c7 (Last Night)\" and \"\u0995\u09c0 \u0986\u09b6\u09be\u09a4\u09c7? (What to Expect)\". Their fourth studio album \"Tobuo\" was released in 1994. The album was not well received by fans and did not contain that much hit songs like the previous one. But, it cemented them as a hard rock band, as their previous albums had contained soft rock and pop rock songs. Their fifth album \"Ghumonto Shohore\" was released in 1995 and was a massive hit. The self titled track was a great hit and is considered as one of the classic Love Runs Blind song. They released their sixth studio album \"Shopno\" in 1996. In September 1996, they released a live album name, \"\" which was the first ever live album in Bangladesh and the only live album of the band."], "answer": {"text": "Get Over It", "answer_start": 1020}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the original members return?", "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another album?", "answer": {"text": "The ensuing tour spawned a live album", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 1 on the Billboard album chart.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#5", "question": "Did it win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did the live album win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Maya Azucena Maya Azucena is an American singer-songwriter and cultural ambassador from Brooklyn, NY. She attended the LaGuardia School of Performing Arts. She independently released her debut CD \"Maya Who?!\" at shows and from her website. Maya sang a duet with Stephen Marley on his 2007 record Mind Control. Her performance helped the album win the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album. Maya has developed a successful musical relationship with Croatian singer Gibonni. She sang on his 2006 album \"Unca Fibre,\" which garnered two Croatian Grammy Awards (aka 'Porin'). Aside from appearing on two his records including aforementioned album and \"Acoustic/Electric\", Maya has joined him in extensive touring and television appearances throughout Europe. She has also collaborated with album \" On je moj Bog,\" by Croatian musical group \"Emanuel\" and on album \"Veliki umovi 21. stoljeca\", by band \"Bolesna braca\". Maya also participated on live concert of Oliver Dragojevic in Pula Arena 2007. Maya sang with Peruvian American rapper Immortal Technique on the track 'Crimes Of The Heart' from the 2008 album The 3rd World. In response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Maya sang with emcee Cormega on his tribute song \" I Made A Difference\". The song also featured Redman, The Revelations, and various other artists. She sings on the new Fitz & The Tantrums album Pickin' Up the Pieces. Maya's Vocals are most prominently featured on the tracks \"Breakin' The Chains Of Love\" and \"Winds Of Change\". The album has received critical acclaim and has reached #2 on the Billboard Heatseekers Chart. Maya sang on the 2002 Norman Brown album Just Chillin'. The album won the 2003 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Album.", "Live at Last (Black Sabbath album) Live at Last is a 1980 live album by English heavy metal band Black Sabbath. Despite its wide distribution and success (it peaked at on the UK Albums Chart), the album was released without the permission or knowledge of the band, and is thus regarded in some quarters as an unofficial bootleg live album. The album was, however, released legally by the band's former manager Patrick Meehan who owned the rights to the recording. The album was re-released with the approval of the band on 27 September 2010. The nature of the album's initial release as being without the band's approval is demonstrated by a notoriously embarrassing goof in the original version, which falsely credited the singer as \"Ossie Osbourne\". After dismissing manager Patrick Meehan in the late 1970s, Black Sabbath became embroiled in a long legal dispute with their former management. Later, in 1980, Meehan arranged the reissue of the Black Sabbath catalogue and the release on the NEMS label of a live album of old recordings without the band's consent. The album consisted of a 1973 concert recording the band intended to use for a live album, but shelved indefinitely after being unhappy with the recording. The release of \"Live at Last\", combined with Ozzy Osbourne's 1982 release of \"Speak of the Devil\" live album consisting entirely of Black Sabbath songs, prompted Black Sabbath to release their first official live album, 1982's \"Live Evil\". Remastered versions of the original \"Live at Last\" recording have been released since the 1990s by various record labels. In the liner notes of the reissue on CD by Castle Communications in 1996, it is stated that the recordings were taken at Manchester Free Trade Hall and at the Rainbow Theatre in North London. This album was re-released by Sanctuary Records in 2002 as the first CD of \"Past Lives\". \"", "On to the Next One  \"On to the Next One\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Jay-Z, released as the fourth single from his twelfth studio album \"The Blueprint 3\" on his Roc Nation label, also released as the fourth single in the United Kingdom after \"Young Forever\". The song features additional rap vocals and music production from producer and rapper Swizz Beatz. The song contains a vocal sample of the words \"under the spotlight\" as well as a background synthesizer sound from the live version of Justice's song \"D.A.N.C.E.\". The song won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the 53rd Grammy Awards, making this, in total Jay-Z's 13th Grammy Award overall, and Swizz Beatz's first Grammy Award win. In addition, Jay-Z is the first artist to have all four singles from one album win six Grammy Awards in their respective category. The song has been frequently used for freestyles, notably by Ab-Soul, Bun B, Crooked I and Red Cafe. This song was also part of the soundtrack of NBA 2K13, which was selected by Jay-Z, and has been used as part of Peloton's television commercials promoting their interactive spinning cycle. The song also plays when the New York Islanders Win a home game as well. The song was first performed at Jay-Z's \"Answer the Call\" benefit concert in Madison Square Garden on September 11, 2009. It was also performed in the UK on \"Friday Night with Jonathan Ross\" on February 19, 2010. Devin Chanda from \"Billboard\" magazine gave the song a positive review: The music video was directed by Sam Brown and was filmed in November 2009. The video premiered on January 1, 2010 on \"New Year's Eve with Carson Daly\".", "The album was produced primarily by Paul van Dyk himself, and features a wide range of collaborators including David Byrne of Talking Heads, Jessica Sutta of the Pussycat Dolls, Ashley Tomberlin from Luminary, Alex M.O.R.P.H, Lo Fi Sugar, Rea Garvey of Reamonn, Ryan Merchant and Wayne Jackson. It also features a vocal sample from Ben Lost from Probspot's \"Blows My Mind\" on the song \"Another Sunday\". In June 2007, Paul van Dyk embarked on the worldwide \" In Between Tour\" to promote the album. His work with EA Games has resulted in multiple releases featuring his music on \"Mirror's Edge, , and\" \"Grand Slam Tennis\" out in 2009. The song was released on the film's soundtrack, and helped the album win a Grammy Award that Paul van Dyk shares with his collaborators. He has also remixed Depeche Mode's \"Martyr\", Justin Timberlake's \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\" and Britney Spears' \"Gimme More\". In May 2008, Van Dyk set up a remix competition with digital download network Beatport, inviting aspiring producers to remix his single 'Far Away' which appeared on his album \"In Between\". On 9 November 2009, Van Dyk performed alongside Northern Ireland vocalist Johnny McDaid at the Berlin Wall 20th Anniversary Memorial. They recorded and performed a song for the event called 'We Are One'. ; A dance music event, called 'We Are One Festival', was organized at the O2 World Berlin, named after the song he collaborated with Johnny McDaid on for the Berlin Wall Anniversary. Some artists who performed included Armin van Buuren, Underworld and Blueman Group.", "Lank, Cornwall  Lank (formerly also \"Lanke\") is a settlement in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated approximately one mile (1.6 km) south of St Breward and six miles (10 km) east-northeast of Wadebridge in St Breward civil parish. It is in the civil parish of Blisland. The settlement consists of two hamlets, Higher Lank (to the north) and Lower Lank (to the south), situated on high ground between the valleys of the River Camel and De Lank River from which the settlements take their name. The De Lank granite quarry is half-a-mile east of Lower Lank. The quarry is still operational and is currently owned by Ennstone plc, a multinational asphalt and aggregates business. Wenfordbridge is half-a-mile to the west and was the terminus of a branch of the Bodmin and Wadebridge railway. A siding from Wenfordbridge ran between Higher Lank and Lower Lank and served the quarry via a rope-worked incline. The siding shut in 1940 but rail services to Wenfordbridge continued until 1985. The trackbed of the line south of Wenfordbridge is now part of the Camel Trail long distance path and cycleway. The Rogers family of Lank bore the coat of arms Arg. a chevron between three bucks trippant Sa. Lieutenant John Rogers was a soldier who commemorated the jubilee of King George III on Jubilee Rock."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the original members return?", "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another album?", "answer": {"text": "The ensuing tour spawned a live album", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 1 on the Billboard album chart.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "Get Over It", "answer_start": 1020, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#6", "question": "Were there any other hit songs?", "rewrite": "Were there any other hit songs for the Eagles besides Get Over It?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["With the proliferation of mass media, contemporary folk music from the United States slowly found its audience as well as performers, who led since the 80s one of the mainstreams of popular music in South Korea. From the late 1960s to the mid-70s, two singers took Trot's stage: Nam Jin and Na Hun-a. They were indeed the first pop idols in South Korea. The rivalry of both was so awesome that predominantly female fans were clearly formed on two fronts. Nam Jin was the first to hold his own concert in 1971 in Korean popular music history, which was then called 'recital' - actually a term for classical music rather than popular music. From the 80s, while Nam Jin could barely release hit songs like before, Na Hun-a released hit songs up to the 2000s, and his fans can still look forward to his sold-out concert in 2019. The two have very different vocal styles. Nam Jin often sang in lilting mood. Some of his hit songs are rhythmically 'unorthodox' for Trot, e.g. \"Darling, Please Don't Change\" sounds like mimetic rock and roll. Na Hun-a, on the other hand, sang throughout in 'orthodox' style for Trot, often using the extended vibrato with wonderful Kkeokk-ki technique. Na's big advantage, of course, was that he was one of the few Trot singers-songwriters to write songs exactly according to his style. Their representative hit songs in the 60s-70s are: In the second half of the 1970s, some singers appeared who were not actually Trot familiar, but just with Trot songs were popular. Among them, Kim Hun was successful with \"Leaving Me Behind, Arirang\"", "Olsen Gang The Olsen Gang (, , ) is a Danish comedy film series about the eponymous fictional criminal gang. The gang's leader is the criminal genius and habitual offender Egon Olsen and his accomplices are Benny and Kjeld (Kjell in Norwegian). The gang members are harmless, extremely rarely target ordinary citizens, and never use violence. The first film came in 1968; during the next thirty years a total of fourteen films were made. A Norwegian version of the film series was also made (a total of 14 films from 1969 to 1999), in most cases based directly on the scripts for the Danish films. Later, starting in 1981, Sweden also produced their own version: \"J\u00f6nssonligan\". Most of the films start with Egon coming out of jail and being enthusiastically welcomed by Benny and Kjeld. The three men will then have a beer together in the living room of Kjeld's dilapidated home in a run-down Valby neighbourhood, where Egon will inform his friends of his latest plan, usually (but not always) for making them millionaires. Plans are often two-step plans, where the first heist will get the equipment for the real, second plan. The plans usually feature everyday artefacts such as Lego, party balloons, cigarettes etc., which are then brought together in surprising ways in elaborate and well-timed plans, often including clever social engineering. Bennys main function in the heists, besides get-away-driver, is often as keeper of \"The Thing\", a specially shaped metal piece used for manipulating most any machinery or opening doors. Egon often serves time with lawyers or executives who provide him with the information he needs, such as duty rosters for the national public record office.", "Union Black  Union Black is the fourth album from Welsh reggae metal band Skindred. It was released on 25 April 2011 in the United Kingdom and on 1 July 2011 in Europe. The album is notable for featuring more usage of dubstep, hip hop and drum and bass elements than previous works. The album was produced by James Loughrey at Britannia Row Studios. Benji Webbe stated in an interview with \"Kerrang!\" that he wanted to get some collaborations on the new album and had originally hoped to get Corey Taylor of Slipknot and Stone Sour to sing on the album, but due to other commitments this was not possible. He went on to say that after sending an incomplete version of the song \"Warning\" to friend Jacoby Shaddix (of Papa Roach), Shaddix flew into the studio to record some extra vocals for the track. After the alterations, \"Warning\" was released as the first single from the album, was debuted on BBC Radio 1's Rock show with Daniel P Carter and has subsequently received airtime on BBC 6 Music and BBC Guernsey, being played by Don Letts and Bruce Dickinson. The video debuted on YouTube on 6 April. The album's art is contributed by graphic artist Tim Fox. The album was promoted with a UK tour, with support acts Chiodos and Me Vs Hero. On 30 June, the band's official Facebook page released \"Doom Riff\" as a free download, and the day after, on 1 July, the video for \"Cut Dem\" was released as the second single from the album. On 6 September the band announced a deal with Australian Record label with 3 Wise/Sony Records to release the album on 23 September, along with the announcement of their tour with Hollywood Undead after the cancellation of 2011's Soundwave Revolution. The album has been well received.", "S.S. Lazio supporters The S.S. Lazio fans are supporters of Italian football club Lazio. The history of organized fan groups of S.S. Lazio, known in Italian as the \"Tifoseria Laziale\". It began in the late 1960s when small groups of supporters filled the steps of Stadio Olimpico in Rome. They belonged to different groups which were \"Tuparamos, Eagles, Ultras, Vigilantes, NAB, CAST\" and \"Marines\", the latter consisting mostly of younger fans. The early groups were not united and so in 1971, the first major ultras group was formed: Commandos Monteverde Lazio, also known as \"C.M.L. '74\". In 1976, the \"G.A.B.A. (Gruppi Associati Bianco Azzurri)\" was formed. They renamed themselves the Eagles Supporters the following year. The name was of British influence and for over a decade, the Eagles Supporters led the Lazio terrace, Curva Nord. In 1978, a group called \"VIKING Lazio\" was formed, and took their place in the Curva Sud. In this same year, the Eagles Supporters, who originally began in the south stands, made their way to Curva Nord, which became the main Lazio terrace. Other small groups followed the Eagles besides Viking. In 1979, Lazio fan Vincenzo Paparelli was hit in the eye and killed by a flare fired by a Roma fan from the opposite end of the stadium, becoming the first fatality in Italian football due to violence. During the 1980s, the Curva Nord was admired and imitated by the rest of Italy because of their passion and originality which set them apart from the rest.", "Mid-States Rodeo Association The Mid-States Rodeo Association (MSRA) is an American semi-professional rodeo association that sanctions events in Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Kentucky. The MSRA is headquartered in Riga, Michigan. It is not to be confused with the identically named Mid-States Rodeo Association which sanctions events in Minnesota, Iowa, South Dakota, Nebraska and Kansas."], "answer": {"text": "Love Will Keep Us Alive", "answer_start": 1038}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the original members return?", "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another album?", "answer": {"text": "The ensuing tour spawned a live album", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 1 on the Billboard album chart.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "Get Over It", "answer_start": 1020, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#7", "question": "where did they tour at?", "rewrite": "where did the Eagles tour at?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Long Road Out of Eden Tour The Long Road Out of Eden Tour was a worldwide concert tour by the Eagles, whose beginning coincided with the release of their 2007 album \"Long Road Out of Eden\". The tour began in London, at The O arena on March 20, 2008, and ended on November 19, 2011 with a show at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. In 2010, the Eagles toured alongside the Dixie Chicks, with Keith Urban appearing at selected shows. The tour changed its name to the Eagles 2010 Summer Tour. That leg of the tour focused on stadium shows, such as in Winnipeg and Toronto and New Jersey. The December 2010 Eagles tour of Australia was packaged as Eagles Summer 2010.", "Aeroallergen An aeroallergen (\"pronounced aer\u00b7o\u00b7al\u00b7ler\u00b7gen\") is any airborne substance, such as pollen or spores, which triggers an allergic reaction. Aeroallergens include the pollens of specific seasonal plants is commonly known as \"hay fever\", because it is most prevalent during haying season, from late May to the end of June in the Northern Hemisphere; but it is possible to suffer from hay fever throughout the year. The pollen which causes hay fever varies from person to person and from region to region; generally speaking, the tiny, hardly visible pollens of wind-pollinated plants are the predominant cause. Pollens of insect-pollinated plants are too large to remain airborne and pose no risk. Examples of plant pollen commonly responsible for hay fever include:  The time of year at which hay fever symptoms manifest themselves varies greatly depending on the types of pollen to which an allergic reaction is produced. The pollen count, in general, is highest from mid-spring to early summer. As most pollens are produced at fixed periods in the year, a long-term hay fever sufferer may also be able to anticipate when the symptoms are most likely to begin and end, although this may be complicated by an allergy to dust particles. In fungi, both asexual and sexual spores or sporangiospores of many fungal species are actively dispersed by forcible ejection from their reproductive structures, which travel through the air over long distances. Many fungi thereby possess specialized mechanical and physiological mechanisms as well as spore-surface structures, such as hydrophobins, for spore ejection.", "Hay fever in Japan Hay fever was relatively uncommon in Japan until the early 1960s. Shortly after World War II, reforestation policies resulted in large forests of cryptomeria and Japanese cypress trees, which were an important resource for the construction industry. As these trees matured, they started to produce large amounts of pollen. Peak production of pollen occurs in trees of 30 years and older. As the Japanese economy developed in the 1970s and 1980s, cheaper imported building materials decreased the demand for cryptomeria and Japanese cypress materials. This resulted in increasing forest density and aging trees, further contributing to pollen production and thus, hay fever. In 1970, about 50% of cryptomeria were more than 10 years old, and just 25% were more than 20 years old. By 2000, almost 85% of cryptomeria were over 20 years old, and more than 60% of trees were over 30 years old. This cryptomeria aging trend has continued since then, and though cryptomeria forest acreage has hardly increased since 1980, pollen production has continued to increase. Furthermore, urbanization of land in Japan led to increasing coverage of soft soil and grass land by concrete and asphalt. Pollen settling on such hard surfaces can easily be swept up again by winds to recirculate and contribute to hay fever. As a result, approximately 25 million people (about 20% of the population) currently suffer from this type of seasonal hay fever in Japan. Cryptomeria pollen dispersal starts when average daily temperatures reach 10 degrees Celsius, partly depending on wind and terrain. Like the cherry blossom season, the pollen season moves from south to north across Japan, and from lower to higher elevations as spring progresses. For western and eastern Japan (including Tokyo and the surrounding Kant\u014d region) this means the hay fever season starts between end of January and mid-February.", "Since this plant is entomophilous (its pollen is dispersed by animals), its heavy, sticky pollen does not become independently airborne. Most late summer and fall pollen allergies are probably caused by ragweed, a widespread anemophilous plant. Arizona was once regarded as a haven for people with pollen allergies, although several ragweed species grow in the desert. However, as suburbs grew and people began establishing irrigated lawns and gardens, more irritating species of ragweed gained a foothold and Arizona lost its claim of freedom from hay fever. Anemophilous spring blooming plants such as oak, birch, hickory, pecan, and early summer grasses may also induce pollen allergies. Most cultivated plants with showy flowers are entomophilous and do not cause pollen allergies. The number of people in the United States affected by hay fever is between 20 and 40 million, and such allergy has proven to be the most frequent allergic response in the nation. There are certain evidential suggestions pointing out hay fever and similar allergies to be of hereditary origin. Individuals who suffer from eczema or are asthmatic tend to be more susceptible to developing long-term hay fever. In Denmark, decades of rising temperatures cause pollen to appear earlier and in greater numbers, as well as introduction of new species such as ragweed. The most efficient way to handle a pollen allergy is by preventing contact with the material. Individuals carrying the ailment may at first believe that they have a simple summer cold, but hay fever becomes more evident when the apparent cold does not disappear. The confirmation of hay fever can be obtained after examination by a general physician.", "This may result in a crease running across the nose (or above each nostril if only one side of the nose is wiped at a time), commonly referred to as the \"transverse nasal crease\", and can lead to permanent physical deformity if repeated enough. People might also find that cross-reactivity occurs. For example, people allergic to birch pollen may also find that they have an allergic reaction to the skin of apples or potatoes. A clear sign of this is the occurrence of an itchy throat after eating an apple or sneezing when peeling potatoes or apples. This occurs because of similarities in the proteins of the pollen and the food. There are many cross-reacting substances. Hay fever is not a true fever, meaning it does not cause a core body temperature in the fever over 37.5\u201338.3 \u00b0C ( 99.5\u2013100.9 \u00b0F). Allergic rhinitis triggered by the pollens of specific seasonal plants is commonly known as \"hay fever\", because it is most prevalent during haying season. However, it is possible to have allergic rhinitis throughout the year. The pollen that causes hay fever varies between individuals and from region to region; in general, the tiny, hardly visible pollens of wind-pollinated plants are the predominant cause. Pollens of insect-pollinated plants are too large to remain airborne and pose no risk. Examples of plants commonly responsible for hay fever include:  Allergic rhinitis may also be caused by allergy to Balsam of Peru, which is in various fragrances and other products. Allergy testing may reveal the specific allergens to which an individual is sensitive. Skin testing is the most common method of allergy testing. This may include a patch test to determine if a particular substance is causing the rhinitis, or an intradermal, scratch, or other test."], "answer": {"text": "The Eagles performed at the Mandalay Bay Events Center", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the original members return?", "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another album?", "answer": {"text": "The ensuing tour spawned a live album", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 1 on the Billboard album chart.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "Get Over It", "answer_start": 1020, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "Love Will Keep Us Alive", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_bdba99b9426f4746a13ef9b30d1004d4_0_q#8", "question": "was the tour sold out?", "rewrite": "was the Eagles' reunion sold out?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In April 2013, Cassie released her first full-length project seven years after her debut album, a mixtape titled \"RockaByeBaby\", to positive reception. Rapper Los announced his departure from Bad Boy Records on March 19, 2014. On October 5, 2015, Combs announced that Bad Boy would be distributed by Epic Records. This will mark the second time that Epic president L.A. Reid oversaw distribution for Bad Boy, having previously overseen distribution for the label 15 years earlier after being appointed president of Arista in 2000. Despite founding the label in 1993, Bad Boy began celebrating their 20th anniversary in 2015 with a 20-minute mega-medley performance at the BET Awards. It stretched into 2016, starting with the label's May reunion sold-out shows at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, and originating the Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour, starting in North America in the last week of August 2016. The Hitmen is the production team for Bad Boy Records. The collective consisted of several notable producers and musicians that either worked solo or alongside Combs in composing tracks for the artists on Bad Boy as well as outside the label. On August 20, 2015, it was announced that Kanye West was a part of the current roster.", "The original buildings, constructed between 1967 and 1976, occupy a small portion of the campus, which lies in Kenosha County. The campus comprises 15 buildings, including Wyllie Hall, Greenquist Hall, Molinaro Hall, Tallent Hall, the Rita Tallent Picken Regional Center for Arts and Humanities, the Student Center, the Sports & Activity Center, Ranger Hall, University Apartments, and Pike River Suites. Recent renovations and expansions to the Sports & Activity Center, Student Center, Rita Tallent Picken Regional Center for Arts and Humanities, and the newly constructed Pike River Suites blended the updates into the existing architecture. The campus has hundreds of acres of restored prairies, mature oak and maple forests, and a meandering creek. The university also owns hundreds of acres of off-campus nature preserves in Kenosha and Racine Counties. The Rita Tallent Picken Regional Center for Arts and Humanities, also known as \"The Rita\", underwent remodeling and expansion in 2012, with a goal of developing a creative and cultural hub for southeast Wisconsin with greater community access and new performance venues. The remodeling and expansion included a new music recital hall; a studio theater for smaller theater productions; galleries for art exhibitions; instructional studios for music, theater arts, and 2-D art programs; and expanded and upgraded classrooms. The Rita houses the UW-Parkside Theatre Arts Department, which caps the company at approximately 65 students. UW-Parkside is organized into four colleges: UW-Parkside offers more than 30 undergraduate majors and graduate-level degrees in business, applied molecular biology, information systems, and sustainable management. Housed within the College of Social Sciences and Professional Studies is the Institute for Professional Educator Development, which offers courses leading to teacher certification in early adolescence through adolescence in several specializations.", "Frederick Orpen Bower Prof Frederick Orpen Bower FRSE FRS (4 November 1855 \u2013 11 April 1948) was an English botanist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1891. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Linnean Society in 1909 and the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1938. He was president of the British Association in 1929\u20131930. see  Bower was born in Ripon in Yorkshire the son of Abraham Bower and Cornelia Morris, sister of the eminent botanist, Francis Orpen Morris. He was educated at Repton School in Derbyshire before studying at Trinity College, Cambridge where he graduated MA in 1877. In 1880 he acquired a position as assistant lecturer in botany at University College, London under Prof Thomas Huxley. In 1882 he moved to South Kensington as a full Lecturer in botany. During this period he spent time at Kew Gardens studying with Dukinfield Henry Scott. In 1885 he was awarded the chair in botany at Glasgow University and was a professor there until 1925. Bower never married. Upon retirement he returned to Ripon, dying there in April 1948. see The archives for Frederick Orpen Bower are maintained by the Archives of the University of Glasgow (GUAS).", "Ramy Mohamed Abdel-Ghany is suspected of having provided refuge for suicide bomber Mahmoud Mustafa as well as preparing him and hiding the explosives. The Muslim Brotherhood denied involvement with the suicide attack. ISIS later claimed responsibility for the attack. The statement issued by Egypt\u2019s Ministry of Interior claimed that Mohab Qasim received financial and logistical support from Muslim Brotherhood leaders based in Qatar. According to the statement, Qasim traveled to Qatar in 2015 and met with Muslim Brotherhood leaders.[xii] Qasim was allegedly offered financial and logistical support to carry out attacks in Egypt. Upon returning to Egypt, Qasim reportedly traveled to North Sinai where he met with members of Ansar Beit El-Maqdis to receive training on using weapons and making explosives. Following his visit to North Sinai, Qasim was allegedly given permission by Qatar-based Muslim Brotherhood leaders to carry out attacks against Egypt\u2019s Coptic Christians in hopes of furthering sectarian divides in Egypt. The Ministry of the Interior claimed that Qasim was behind a call made by the Egyptian Revolutionary Council for attacks against Egypt \u2019s Copts for their support for the government of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. The Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani, condemned Egypt\u2019s accusations of Qatari involvement in the suicide attack on Thursday, December 15. Al Zayani claimed that \"unverified statements could harm the strong relations between the GCC and Egypt.\" Qatar\u2019s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Director of the Qatari Information Office Ahmed Al-Rumaihi condemned Egypt\u2019s accusations.", "Bad Boy 20th Anniversary Box Set Edition Bad Boy 20th Anniversary Box Set Edition is a box set compilation of songs by the American record label Bad Boy Records released on August 12, 2016, and distributed by Rhino in both digital and physical formats. The collection, curated by Bad Boy's President Harve Pierre, honors the legacy of Sean \"Diddy\" Combs aka Puff Daddy and his record label celebrating over two decades in hip-hop and R&B. The box set features 80 tracks across five CDs and includes remastered hits from Puff Daddy (under his various aliases), The Notorious B.I.G., Craig Mack, Faith Evans, Total, Carl Thomas, Mase, 112, The Lox, Cassie, Janelle Mon\u00e1e, Danity Kane, Machine Gun Kelly, French Montana as well as other Bad Boy artists. It also comes with a 64-page historiography and foreword, written by rap journalist Michael A. Gonzales. Combs, the Founder and Chairman of Bad Boy Entertainment, talked about the project saying: \"We wanted to thank our fans, celebrate the music, the people, and the Bad Boy lifestyle that have defined the past two decades,\" continuing, \"We've always made music that makes the people dance; this collection does all that and more, and it is a celebration of all things Bad Boy. \" Despite founding the label in 1993, Bad Boy began celebrating their 20th anniversary in 2015 with a 20-minute mega-medley performance at the BET Awards. It stretched into 2016, starting with the label's May reunion sold-out shows at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, and originating the Bad Boy Family Reunion Tour, starting in North America in the last week of August 2016."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year did the Eagles decide to get back together?", "answer": {"text": "1994.", "answer_start": 748, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did all the original members return?", "answer": {"text": "The lineup comprised the five Long Run-era members", "answer_start": 321, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they make another album?", "answer": {"text": "The ensuing tour spawned a live album", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was the album successful?", "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 1 on the Billboard album chart.", "answer_start": 929, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have any hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "Get Over It", "answer_start": 1020, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other hit songs?", "answer": {"text": "Love Will Keep Us Alive", "answer_start": 1038, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did they tour at?", "answer": {"text": "The Eagles performed at the Mandalay Bay Events Center", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#0", "question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "rewrite": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs.", "Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco."], "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#1", "question": "What part of the military was he in?", "rewrite": "What part of the military was Edward Canby in?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco.", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs."], "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#2", "question": "Was he in the Army?", "rewrite": "Was Edward Canby in the Army?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco.", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs.", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What part of the military was he in?", "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#3", "question": "Anything else about his military career you can share?", "rewrite": "Along with being in the military, is there anything else about Edward Canby's military career you can share?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco.", "Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs."], "answer": {"text": "Canby served in Wyoming and Utah (then both part of the Utah Territory) during the Utah War (1857-1858).", "answer_start": 1092}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What part of the military was he in?", "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the Army?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#4", "question": "Did he receive any medals in his career?", "rewrite": "Did Edward Canby receive any medals in his career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs.", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What part of the military was he in?", "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the Army?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else about his military career you can share?", "answer": {"text": "Canby served in Wyoming and Utah (then both part of the Utah Territory) during the Utah War (1857-1858).", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#5", "question": "Where were some of his assignments?", "rewrite": "Where were some of Edward Canby's assignments?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs.", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco."], "answer": {"text": "Against his wishes, he was assigned to what was supposed to be the civilian post of custodian of the California Archives", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What part of the military was he in?", "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the Army?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else about his military career you can share?", "answer": {"text": "Canby served in Wyoming and Utah (then both part of the Utah Territory) during the Utah War (1857-1858).", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any medals in his career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#6", "question": "Did anything happen while he was there?", "rewrite": "Did anything happen while Edward Canby was in the military?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco.", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs."], "answer": {"text": "Evidently, Canby had some knowledge of the Spanish language, which was extremely useful as the government was trying to unravel land titles.", "answer_start": 754}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What part of the military was he in?", "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the Army?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else about his military career you can share?", "answer": {"text": "Canby served in Wyoming and Utah (then both part of the Utah Territory) during the Utah War (1857-1858).", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any medals in his career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were some of his assignments?", "answer": {"text": "Against his wishes, he was assigned to what was supposed to be the civilian post of custodian of the California Archives", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#7", "question": "where did he serve most of his time?", "rewrite": "where did Edward Canby serve most of his time?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families.", "Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco.", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs.", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley"], "answer": {"text": "various posts, including Upstate New York and in the adjutant general's office in California from 1849 until 1851,", "answer_start": 274}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What part of the military was he in?", "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the Army?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else about his military career you can share?", "answer": {"text": "Canby served in Wyoming and Utah (then both part of the Utah Territory) during the Utah War (1857-1858).", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any medals in his career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were some of his assignments?", "answer": {"text": "Against his wishes, he was assigned to what was supposed to be the civilian post of custodian of the California Archives", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything happen while he was there?", "answer": {"text": "Evidently, Canby had some knowledge of the Spanish language, which was extremely useful as the government was trying to unravel land titles.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24da3e9e50a34364a1cad784708970c3_1_q#8", "question": "Did this end his career?", "rewrite": "Did any occurrence end Edward Canby career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Canby, California  Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4314 feet (1315 m). It had a population of 315 at the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530. Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299. The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold. Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles to the southeast, where conditions were primitive. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km\u00b2), 98.21% of it land, and 1.79% of it water. This region experiences hot and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 \u00b0F. According to the K\u00f6ppen Climate Classification system, Canby has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated \"Csb\" on climate maps. The 2010 United States Census reported that Canby had a population of 315. The population density was 136.4 people per square mile (52.7/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of Canby was 292 (92.7%) White, 2 (0.6%) African American, 7 (2.2%) Native American, 1 (0.3%)", "Grant ordered General Sherman not to attack the Indians, held up at Stronghold, but to settle matters by a commission. Sherman then sent Major General Edward Canby to quell the Native uprising. During the peace negotiations between Brig. Gen. Edward Canby and the Modoc tribal leaders, there were more Indians in the tent then had been agreed upon. Canby had been warned of duplicity among the Modocs, but he held the conference anyway. As the Indians grew more hostile, Captain Jack, said \"I talk no more.\" and shouted \"All ready.\" Captain Jack drew his revolver and fired directly into the head of Canby and killed him. Canby was the highest-ranking officer to be killed during the Indian Wars that took place from 1850 to 1890. Reverend Eleazar Thomas, a Methodist minister, was also killed, Alfred B. Meacham, an Indian Agent, was severely wounded. The murders shocked the nation, and Sherman wired to have the Modocs exterminated. Grant, however, overruled Sherman and said he wanted only those involved in Canby's assassination to be punished, rather than the whole tribe. On April 15, 1873, the U.S. Army attacked the Modocs held up in Stronghold, however, the fighting was inconclusive and the Modocs escaped. On April 26, the U.S. Army stationed at Sand Butte was attacked by 22 Modocs. On May 10, the Modocs attacked the U.S. Army again at Dry Lake, but this time the battle ended in a decisive U.S. Army victory, and the Modocs finally surrendered. The Modoc warriors who murdered Canby were imprisoned and put on trial and the whole Modoc tribe was rounded up. Meacham, who survived the massacre, defended the indicted Modocs.", "Boston Charley Boston Charley (1854 \u2013 October 3, 1873) was a warrior in the Modoc War of 1872. He was reportedly given the \"Boston\" moniker by miners who felt he had a lighter complexion than the other warriors. In 1873 he had joined the group led by Kintpuash, and was later involved in an action that killed fourteen people at Tule Lake. On April 11, 1873 he was part of a group that killed Edward Canby. Charley did not personally kill Canby, but during the incident he killed a Dr. Thomas. On October 3, 1873, Boston Charley, Kintpuash, Schonchin John and Black Jim were executed for the murder of Edward Canby. He reportedly met his execution stoically, asking only for tobacco.", "Battle of Valverde The Battle of Valverde, or the Battle of Valverde Ford, was fought from February 20 to 21, 1862, near the town of Val Verde at a ford of the Rio Grande in Union held New Mexico Territory, in what is today the state of New Mexico. It was a major Confederate success in the New Mexico Campaign of the American Civil War. The belligerents were Confederate cavalry from Texas and several companies of Arizona militia versus U.S. Army regulars and Union volunteers from northern New Mexico Territory and the Colorado Territory. The Confederate brigadier general, Henry Hopkins Sibley, envisioned that he would invade New Mexico with his army, defeat Union forces, capture the capital city of Santa Fe and then march westward to conquer California and add it to the territory of the Confederacy. Sibley's first step was to gather an army in El Paso, Texas, and lead it north through Confederate Arizona to Fort Thorn. From there he would advance along the Rio Grande, avoiding the desert of the Jornada del Muerto, with the objective of capturing Fort Craig and the supplies in the fort and defeating the Federal army under Colonel Edward Canby. On January 3, 1862, Sibley left El Paso with three regiments and one partial regiment of mounted Texans comprising 2,510 officers and men. Fort Craig, 140 miles (225 km) north of El Paso, was the major obstacle in his path. Canby awaited him there with 3,800 men of whom most were infantry. Only 1,200 of Canby's men were seasoned soldiers. The remainder consisted of 2,000 New Mexican volunteers, 100 Colorado volunteers, and 500 militia. Kit Carson commanded the First Regiment of New Mexican volunteers. Department of New Mexico \u2013 Col. Edward Canby  Army of New Mexico \u2013 BG. Henry Hopkins Sibley", "Canby, Minnesota  Canby is a city in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,795 at the 2010 census. Canby was platted in 1876, soon after the railroad was extended to that point. The town is named after Edward Canby, a General in the United States Army. A post office has been in operation at Canby since 1874. Canby was incorporated as a city in 1905. Canby is located mainly in Sections 3 & 4 of Norman Township (T114N R45W). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ; is land and is water. Canby Creek, a tributary of the Lac qui Parle River, flows through the city. U.S. Highway 75 and Minnesota State Highway 68 are two of the main routes in the city. Minnesota State Highway 67 is in close proximity to the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,795 people, 792 households, and 441 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 892 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.9% White, 0.3% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. There were 792 households of which 24.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.6% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.3% were non-families."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what did Edward Canby do in  his early military career?", "answer": {"text": "During his early career, Canby served in the Second Seminole War in Florida and saw combat during the Mexican-American War,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What part of the military was he in?", "answer": {"text": "where he received three brevet promotions, including to major for Contreras and Churubusco,", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he in the Army?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anything else about his military career you can share?", "answer": {"text": "Canby served in Wyoming and Utah (then both part of the Utah Territory) during the Utah War (1857-1858).", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any medals in his career?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were some of his assignments?", "answer": {"text": "Against his wishes, he was assigned to what was supposed to be the civilian post of custodian of the California Archives", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anything happen while he was there?", "answer": {"text": "Evidently, Canby had some knowledge of the Spanish language, which was extremely useful as the government was trying to unravel land titles.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he serve most of his time?", "answer": {"text": "various posts, including Upstate New York and in the adjutant general's office in California from 1849 until 1851,", "answer_start": 274, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d20bd078bea4cd887de65f1a7c04623_0_q#0", "question": "what is modern day parliament?", "rewrite": "what is modern day parliament?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Juntas Generales The Juntas Generales (Batzar Nagusiak in Basque) are representative assemblies in the Southern Basque Country that go back to the 14th century. They are the Foral Parliament of the Basque Country were - and are - Foral Parliament of Biscay (\"Juntas Generales de Bizkaia\"), Foral Parliament of Gipuzkoa (\"Juntas Generales de Gipuzkoa\"), Foral Parliament of Alava (\"Juntas Generales de Alava\"), Foral Parliament of Navarre and Parliament of Navarre and B\u00e9arn. The equivalent in Navarre was the Cortes\u2014or \"The Three States\", roughly House of the Commons\u2014to become the present-day Parliament of Navarre. They were part of an early form of democratic institutions. At the local level, the heads of households (male or female) would meet on Sundays after church at the church door in a meeting called elizate (or \"anteiglesia\" in Spanish) to debate and decide on local issues. An elizate in turn would elect someone to represent the local community at the \"juntas\", which existed from the district level right up to the provincial Juntas Generales. Little is known about the historical background of these local and regional institutions prior to the 14th century. Broadly speaking, two historical periods can be distinguished:  After the First Carlist War, the fueros were much weakened and eventually fully abolished after the Second Carlist War in 1876. Although the Spanish Government of the time established the \"conciertos econ\u00f3micos\" involving low taxes, protective tariffs and self-collection of taxes, Madrid demolished Basque institutions including the Juntas Generales.", "Jayayakshya Malla Jayayakshya Malla (often named Yaksha Malla for short) () was a Malla Dynasty king of Nepal from around 1428 to 1482. He enlarged the boundaries of Nepal and developed infrastructure. He divided his lands among his sons, effectively ending the possibility of a unified Nepal for some time. The major divisions were: 1. Khowpa: Modern Day Bhaktapur 2. Yein: Modern Day Kathmandu 3. Yala: Modern Day Patan 4. Kipli: Modern Day Kirtipur 5. Dhunkhya: Modern Day Dhulikhel 6. Bhota: Modern Day Banepa  7. Thee: Modern Day Thimi 8. Bhimphedi  9. Bandipur 10. Dolakha 11. Panauti 12. Palpa  13. Bhojpur  14. Chitlang  encircled Khowpa Bhaktapur city with moats and defense walls pierced with defense gates and ordered the construction of The Palace of Fifty-five Windows (Bhaktapur's Royal Palace). The palace would later be remodelled by Bhupatindra Malla in the seventeenth century He constructed the Pashupatinath Temple, a replica of the temple by the Bagmati River in Yein Kathmandu and the Siddha Pokhari, a large rectangular water tank located near the main city gate of Khowpa Bhaktapur. He is also credited as the founder of Yaksheswar Temple now standing in the palace complex. Early in his reign, he raided south into Mithila, into the State of Bihar and as far as Bengal. He consolidated control over the trade route to Tibet and captured the Tibetan stronghold of Shelkar Dzong.", "The governor still held significant personal influence over Canadian affairs until 1848, when responsible government was implemented in Canada. The actual site of Parliament shifted on a regular basis: From 1841 to 1844, it sat in Kingston, where the present Kingston General Hospital now stands; from 1844 until the 1849 fire that destroyed the building, the legislature was in Montreal; and, after a few years of alternating between Toronto and Quebec City, the legislature was finally moved to Ottawa in 1856, in 1857. The modern-day Parliament of Canada came into existence in 1867, in which year the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland passed the British North America Act, 1867, uniting the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Canada\u2014with the Province of Canada split into Quebec and Ontario\u2014into a single federation called the Dominion of Canada. Though the form of the new federal legislature was again nearly identical to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the decision to retain this model was made with heavy influence from the just-concluded American Civil War, which indicated to many Canadians the faults of the American federal system, with its relatively powerful states and a less powerful federal government. The British North America Act limited the powers of the provinces, providing that all subjects not explicitly delegated to them by that document remain within the authority of the federal parliament, while simultaneously giving the provinces unique powers in certain agreed-upon areas of funding. Full legislative autonomy was granted by the Statute of Westminster, 1931, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Though the statute allowed the Parliament of Canada to repeal or amend previously British laws as they applied to Canada, it did not permit the amendment of Canada's constitution, including the British North America Acts. Hence, whenever a constitutional amendment was sought by the Canadian parliament, the enactment of a British law became necessary, though Canada's consent was required.", "In August, when parliament reassembled at Oxford, Phelips pursued his former policy. At Oxford he virtually assumed that unacknowledged leadership which was all that the traditions of Parliament at that time permitted. On 10 August, in a high strain of eloquence, he defined the position taken up by the commons, and laid down the lines on which the struggle was fought until the Long Parliament (Forster, Life of Eliot, i. 239\u2013241). Next day parliament was dissolved. It was Phelips who placed the true issue of want of confidence before the House so that \"As far as the history of such an assembly can be summed up in the name of any single man, the history of the Parliament of 1625 is summed up in the name of Phelips\" (Gardiner). For the 1626 Parliament, the Crown ensured that Phelips was named as High Sheriff of Somerset which debarred him from election. Although he was once again named as MP for Somerset and attempted to take his seat, in this case the law was clear and he was excluded. In the same year he was struck off the commission of the peace for Somerset, and refused to subscribe to the forced loan. He was elected MP for Somerset again in 1628. He was present at a meeting of the leaders at Sir Robert Cotton's house a few days before the session began, and again took an active part in the proceedings of the house. He protested against the sermons of Sibthorpe and Mainwaring, and was prominent in the debates on the petition of right, but the informal position of leader was taken by Sir John Eliot. Subsequently Phelips is said to have inclined more towards the court. In 1629 Charles wrote, urging him to look to the interest of the King rather than to the favour of the multitude. The King decided to rule without parliament from 1629.", "It is highly unlikely that the Bank of Ireland, then with a largely Unionist board (some of whom were directly descended from members of the former Irish Parliament), would have supplied the building for such a use. The building was also a working bank and headquarters. In 1921 the British Government created a House of Commons of Southern Ireland through the Government of Ireland Act 1920 (also known as the Fourth Home Rule Act), though only four MPs \u2013 all unionists \u2013 assembled for the State Opening of Parliament by the Lord Lieutenant, which was held in the Royal College of Science rather than the old Parliament House. Section 66 of the 1920 Act stated that once the Government of Southern Ireland had provided alternative accommodation for the bank and compensation for moving, the old Parliament House would become vested in 'His Majesty for the use of the Parliament of Southern Ireland'. However, the House of Commons of Southern Ireland failed to operate, no Government of Southern Ireland was ever formed, superseded by the Irish Free State. In 1922, when the Provisional Government under W. T. Cosgrave made its plans for independence, it gave little thought to the old Parliament House. In addition to dealing with the bank, it lacked room around it for additional buildings to be used for governmental purposes. Directly behind it, was a major street called Fleet Street. In front of it, at both the Lords and Commons entrances, were major thoroughfares, College Green and Westmoreland Street, leaving the only space for expansion on its Foster Place side, which also had little space for offices. Finally, in the Ireland of 1922 with a civil war raging, the building was not secure enough to be used as a modern-day parliament. As a result, the Free State initially hired Leinster House from its then owner, the Royal Dublin Society, in 1922, before buying it in 1924."], "answer": {"text": "The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album.", "answer_start": 128}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1d20bd078bea4cd887de65f1a7c04623_0_q#1", "question": "did the album make it big?", "rewrite": "Did the Parliament-Funkadelic's 1982 album, \"Computer Games\" make it big?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["While Hazel was in jail, Clinton recruited Michael Hampton as the new lead guitarist for Parliament-Funkadelic. In the next several years, Hazel appeared occasionally on Parliament-Funkadelic albums, although his guitar work was rarely featured. One song that featured Hazel's lead guitar is \"Comin' Round the Mountain\" on \"Hardcore Jollies\" (1976). In 1977, Hazel recorded a \"solo\" album, \"Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs\", with support from other members of Parliament-Funkadelic, including vocals from the Brides of Funkenstein. He was completely absent from \"One Nation Under a Groove\" (1978), Funkadelic's most commercially successful album. Hazel made another prominent appearance in \"Man's Best Friend\" on the George Clinton album \"Computer Games\" (1982), as well as the track \"Pumping It Up\" from the P-Funk All Stars album \"Urban Dancefloor Guerillas\". On December 23, 1992, Hazel died from internal bleeding and liver failure. \" Maggot Brain\" was played at his funeral. Three collections of unreleased recordings have been released posthumously: The 1994 four-song EP \"Jams From the Heart\" (which Rhino Records later added as bonus material to its rerelease of \"Game, Dames and Guitar Thangs\"), 1994's \"Rest in P\" and 2006's \"Eddie Hazel At Home\". Other recordings by Hazel have appeared on albums by other musicians. Several albums produced by Bill Laswell, including \"Funkcronomicon\" (released under the name Axiom Funk, 1995) have featured Hazel's guitar. Bootsy Collins has also incorporated recordings of Hazel in some of his recent releases, for example, \"Good Night Eddie\" on \"Blasters of the Universe\".", "U.S. Music with Funkadelic U.S. Music with Funkadelic is a self-titled album consisting of tracks recorded in the early 1970s by the band United Soul with input from members of Funkadelic. The album was released by Westbound Records in 2009, and was licensed by Ace Records for its European release. U.S. Music with Funkadelic was George Clinton's first attempt to launch a P-Funk spin off act using up and coming musicians from his home town of Plainfield, New Jersey. \"U.S.\" refers to the band United Soul, whose lead vocalist and guitarist Garry Shider provided guest vocals on the Funkadelic album \"Maggot Brain\" in 1971. Following this, Clinton signed United Soul to his label, Parliafunkadelicment Thang Inc, and facilitated a collaboration between them and a few of his Funkadelic bandmates who were based in Toronto at the time. The group recorded the five songs presented on this album, though only the tracks \"Baby I Owe You Something Good\" and \"I Miss My Baby\" were originally released as a one-off single by Westbound in 1972. The release was credited to \"U.S. Music with Funkadelic\", which was probably meant to denote \"U.S. with Music by Funkadelic\" or simply \"U.S. with Funkadelic\". Following this collaboration, Garry Shider officially joined the Parliament-Funkadelic collective together with fellow United Soul members Larry and Cordell Mosson, and in 1973 an alternate version of the song \"This Broken Heart\" was included on the Funkadelic album \"Cosmic Slop\". A slower version of \"Baby", "Computer Games (album) Computer Games is the debut album by American funk musician George Clinton, released by Capitol Records on November 5, 1982. Though technically Clinton's first \"solo\" album, the record featured most of the same personnel who had appeared on recent albums by Parliament and Funkadelic, both formally disbanded by Clinton in 1981. Conceived in the aftermath of a period marked by financial and personal struggles for Clinton, \"Computer Games\" restored his popularity for a short time before P-Funk fell victim to renewed legal problems and scant label support in the mid 1980s. According to Glenn Kenny of \"Trouser Press\", after the end of his Parliament-Funkadelic collective, Clinton's album was titled as a \"nod to the burgeoning wave of techno-funk that was beginning to overtake almost every other form of dance music; rather than reject the new technology, he adapted it here in his own unique way\". The single \"Loopzilla\" hit the Top 20 R&B charts, followed by \"Atomic Dog\" which reached #1 R&B but peaked at #101 on the pop chart. The album was listed by Slant Magazine at #97 on its list of \"Best Albums of the 1980s.\"", "George Clinton (musician) George Edward Clinton (born July 22, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and record producer. His Parliament-Funkadelic collective (which primarily recorded under the distinct band names Parliament and Funkadelic) developed an influential and eclectic form of funk music during the 1970s that drew on science fiction, outlandish fashion, psychedelic culture, and surreal humor. He launched a solo career with the 1982 album \"Computer Games\" and would go on to influence 1990s hip-hop and G-funk. He is regarded, along with James Brown and Sly Stone, as one of the foremost innovators of funk music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997, alongside 15 other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. In 2019, he and Parliament-Funkadelic will be given Grammy Lifetime Achievement Awards. Clinton was born in Kannapolis, North Carolina, United States, grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, and currently resides in Tallahassee, Florida. During his teen years Clinton formed a doo-wop group inspired by Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers called The Parliaments, while straightening hair at a barber salon in Plainfield The West End of Plainfield, New Jersey was once home to the Silk Palace, a barbershop at 216 Plainfield Avenue owned in part by Clinton, staffed by various members of Parliament-Funkadelic and known as the \"hangout for all the local singers and musicians\" in Plainfield's 1950s and 1960s doo-wop, soul, rock and proto-funk music scene. For a period in the 1960s Clinton was a staff songwriter for Motown.", "In the early 1980s George Clinton continued to record while battling with financial problems and well-publicized drug problems. The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album. Included on this release was the much-sampled #1 hit single \"Atomic Dog\". The following year, Clinton formed the P-Funk All Stars, who went on to record Urban Dancefloor Guerillas in 1983. The P-Funk All Stars included many of the same members as the late-1970s version of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, and was so named because of various legal issues concerning use of the names Parliament and Funkadelic after 1980. The name P-Funk All Stars is still in use to the current day, and group has included a mix of former Parliament-Funkadelic members as well as guests and new musicians. As the 1980s continued, P-Funk did not meet with great commercial success as the band continued to produce albums under the name of George Clinton as solo artist. P-Funk retired from touring from 1984 until 1989, except for extremely sporadic performances and TV appearances. It was at this time that Hip hop music began to extensively sample P-Funk music, so remnants of the music were still heard regularly, now among fans of Hip hop. By 1993, most of the Parliament and Funkadelic back catalog had been reissued. The same year saw the return of a reconstituted P-Funk All Stars, with the re-release of Urban Dancefloor Guerrillas under the title Hydraulic Funk, and a new hip hop influenced album Dope Dogs. In 1994, the group toured with the Lollapalooza festival and appeared in the film PCU. The 1996 album T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M."], "answer": {"text": "hit album", "answer_start": 193}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what is modern day parliament?", "answer": {"text": "The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d20bd078bea4cd887de65f1a7c04623_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to a hit album are there any other interesting aspects of Parliament- Funkadelic?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michael Hampton Michael Hampton (born November 15, 1956) is an American funk/rock guitarist. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Hampton was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and started his professional career when he was recruited as a seventeen-year-old guitar prodigy by the band Funkadelic, which found itself in need of a lead guitarist after original guitarist Eddie Hazel left the band. Hampton impressed Funkadelic's George Clinton by performing a note-for-note rendition of Hazel's ten-minute solo \"Maggot Brain\". He made his debut with the band's album \" Let's Take It to the Stage\" in 1975, which is dominated by his guitar. Hampton's playing included fuzzy, Hendrix-inspired licks and wailing harmonics. Due to his young age, Hampton was nicknamed 'Kidd Funkadelic'. Hampton became a fixture in Funkadelic, and he continued his role as lead guitarist even during Hazel's sporadic returns to the band. Hampton's performances of \"Maggot Brain\" \u2014 which had become more improvised \u2013 became regular features of live Parliament-Funkadelic shows, and the song became his signature concert performance. The bonus-EP of Funkadelic's \"One Nation Under a Groove\" (1978) included a live version of the song featuring Hampton. The 12\" single version of the title track was the first notable Funkadelic song to feature Mike Hampton on lead guitar. One of his most celebrated performances is the lead guitar solo on the Funkadelic hit single \" (Not Just) Knee Deep\" from 1979, as well the title track to the Brides of Funkenstein's second album \" Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy\".", "Music for Your Mother: Funkadelic 45s Music For Your Mother is a compilation album by Funkadelic featuring songs recorded for Westbound Records during the band's career with that label from 1968 to 1976. The compilation includes the A-sides and B-sides of every Funkadelic single released during Funkadelic's tenure at Westbound. Some of the tracks here originated as alternate versions of album tracks or as non-album B-sides, and some were previously unreleased. Two tracks, \"I Miss My Baby\" and \"Baby I Owe You Something Good\" (original version) were originally released by Westbound under the group name \"U.S. Music With Funkadelic\", which was probably meant to denote \"U.S. with music by Funkadelic\" or simply \"U.S. with Funkadelic.\" \"U.S.\" refers to the band United Soul that had been discovered and produced by George Clinton in 1971, and which contained future Parliament-Funkadelic members Garry Shider and Cordell Mosson. The CD booklet features an extensive 20,000-word article by music writer and Parliament-Funkadelic historian Rob Bowman. In the 2000s, many of the non-LP tracks included in this anthology were added as bonus tracks on Westbound CD reissues of their respective original albums. Liner notes to \"Music For Your Mother\" by Rob Bowman, 1992.", "U.S. Music with Funkadelic U.S. Music with Funkadelic is a self-titled album consisting of tracks recorded in the early 1970s by the band United Soul with input from members of Funkadelic. The album was released by Westbound Records in 2009, and was licensed by Ace Records for its European release. U.S. Music with Funkadelic was George Clinton's first attempt to launch a P-Funk spin off act using up and coming musicians from his home town of Plainfield, New Jersey. \"U.S.\" refers to the band United Soul, whose lead vocalist and guitarist Garry Shider provided guest vocals on the Funkadelic album \"Maggot Brain\" in 1971. Following this, Clinton signed United Soul to his label, Parliafunkadelicment Thang Inc, and facilitated a collaboration between them and a few of his Funkadelic bandmates who were based in Toronto at the time. The group recorded the five songs presented on this album, though only the tracks \"Baby I Owe You Something Good\" and \"I Miss My Baby\" were originally released as a one-off single by Westbound in 1972. The release was credited to \"U.S. Music with Funkadelic\", which was probably meant to denote \"U.S. with Music by Funkadelic\" or simply \"U.S. with Funkadelic\". Following this collaboration, Garry Shider officially joined the Parliament-Funkadelic collective together with fellow United Soul members Larry and Cordell Mosson, and in 1973 an alternate version of the song \"This Broken Heart\" was included on the Funkadelic album \"Cosmic Slop\". A slower version of \"Baby", "In the early 1980s George Clinton continued to record while battling with financial problems and well-publicized drug problems. The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album. Included on this release was the much-sampled #1 hit single \"Atomic Dog\". The following year, Clinton formed the P-Funk All Stars, who went on to record Urban Dancefloor Guerillas in 1983. The P-Funk All Stars included many of the same members as the late-1970s version of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, and was so named because of various legal issues concerning use of the names Parliament and Funkadelic after 1980. The name P-Funk All Stars is still in use to the current day, and group has included a mix of former Parliament-Funkadelic members as well as guests and new musicians. As the 1980s continued, P-Funk did not meet with great commercial success as the band continued to produce albums under the name of George Clinton as solo artist. P-Funk retired from touring from 1984 until 1989, except for extremely sporadic performances and TV appearances. It was at this time that Hip hop music began to extensively sample P-Funk music, so remnants of the music were still heard regularly, now among fans of Hip hop. By 1993, most of the Parliament and Funkadelic back catalog had been reissued. The same year saw the return of a reconstituted P-Funk All Stars, with the re-release of Urban Dancefloor Guerrillas under the title Hydraulic Funk, and a new hip hop influenced album Dope Dogs. In 1994, the group toured with the Lollapalooza festival and appeared in the film PCU. The 1996 album T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.", "The Parliament album entitled \"Osmium\" was released on Invictus Records in 1970, and was later reissued on CD with non-album tracks as both \"Rhenium\" and \"First Thangs\". \"Osmium\" featured a mostly psychedelic soul sound that was more similar to the Funkadelic albums of the period than to the later Parliament albums. The song \"The Breakdown\" was released separately as a single, and reached #30 on the R&B charts in 1971. Due to continuing contractual problems and the fact that Funkadelic releases were more successful at the time, Clinton temporarily abandoned the name Parliament (which he revived in 1974). Following \"Osmium\", the lineup of Parliament-Funkadelic began going through many changes and was expanded significantly, with the addition of important members such as keyboardist Bernie Worrell in 1970, singer/guitarist Garry Shider in 1971, and bassist Bootsy Collins (recruited from the James Brown backing band) in 1972. Dozens of singers and musicians would contribute to future Parliament-Funkadelic releases. Clinton relaunched Parliament in 1974 and signed the act to Casablanca Records. Parliament, now augmented by the Horny Horns (also recruited from James Brown's band) was positioned as a smoother R&B-based funk ensemble with intricate horn and vocal arrangements, and as a counterpoint to the guitar-based funk-rock of Funkadelic. By this point, Parliament and Funkadelic were touring as a combined entity known as Parliament-Funkadelic or simply P-Funk (which also became the catch-all term for George Clinton's rapidly growing stable of funk artists). The album \"Up for the Down Stroke\" was released in 1974, with \"Chocolate City\" following in 1975. Both performed strongly on the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and were moderately successful on the Pop charts."], "answer": {"text": "The name P-Funk All Stars is still in use to the current day,", "answer_start": 696}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is modern day parliament?", "answer": {"text": "The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album make it big?", "answer": {"text": "hit album", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d20bd078bea4cd887de65f1a7c04623_0_q#3", "question": "what was their biggest accomplishment?", "rewrite": "what was Parliament-Funkadelic's  biggest accomplishment?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["U.S. Music with Funkadelic U.S. Music with Funkadelic is a self-titled album consisting of tracks recorded in the early 1970s by the band United Soul with input from members of Funkadelic. The album was released by Westbound Records in 2009, and was licensed by Ace Records for its European release. U.S. Music with Funkadelic was George Clinton's first attempt to launch a P-Funk spin off act using up and coming musicians from his home town of Plainfield, New Jersey. \"U.S.\" refers to the band United Soul, whose lead vocalist and guitarist Garry Shider provided guest vocals on the Funkadelic album \"Maggot Brain\" in 1971. Following this, Clinton signed United Soul to his label, Parliafunkadelicment Thang Inc, and facilitated a collaboration between them and a few of his Funkadelic bandmates who were based in Toronto at the time. The group recorded the five songs presented on this album, though only the tracks \"Baby I Owe You Something Good\" and \"I Miss My Baby\" were originally released as a one-off single by Westbound in 1972. The release was credited to \"U.S. Music with Funkadelic\", which was probably meant to denote \"U.S. with Music by Funkadelic\" or simply \"U.S. with Funkadelic\". Following this collaboration, Garry Shider officially joined the Parliament-Funkadelic collective together with fellow United Soul members Larry and Cordell Mosson, and in 1973 an alternate version of the song \"This Broken Heart\" was included on the Funkadelic album \"Cosmic Slop\". A slower version of \"Baby", "Michael Hampton Michael Hampton (born November 15, 1956) is an American funk/rock guitarist. He is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic. Hampton was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and started his professional career when he was recruited as a seventeen-year-old guitar prodigy by the band Funkadelic, which found itself in need of a lead guitarist after original guitarist Eddie Hazel left the band. Hampton impressed Funkadelic's George Clinton by performing a note-for-note rendition of Hazel's ten-minute solo \"Maggot Brain\". He made his debut with the band's album \" Let's Take It to the Stage\" in 1975, which is dominated by his guitar. Hampton's playing included fuzzy, Hendrix-inspired licks and wailing harmonics. Due to his young age, Hampton was nicknamed 'Kidd Funkadelic'. Hampton became a fixture in Funkadelic, and he continued his role as lead guitarist even during Hazel's sporadic returns to the band. Hampton's performances of \"Maggot Brain\" \u2014 which had become more improvised \u2013 became regular features of live Parliament-Funkadelic shows, and the song became his signature concert performance. The bonus-EP of Funkadelic's \"One Nation Under a Groove\" (1978) included a live version of the song featuring Hampton. The 12\" single version of the title track was the first notable Funkadelic song to feature Mike Hampton on lead guitar. One of his most celebrated performances is the lead guitar solo on the Funkadelic hit single \" (Not Just) Knee Deep\" from 1979, as well the title track to the Brides of Funkenstein's second album \" Never Buy Texas From A Cowboy\".", "The Parliament album entitled \"Osmium\" was released on Invictus Records in 1970, and was later reissued on CD with non-album tracks as both \"Rhenium\" and \"First Thangs\". \"Osmium\" featured a mostly psychedelic soul sound that was more similar to the Funkadelic albums of the period than to the later Parliament albums. The song \"The Breakdown\" was released separately as a single, and reached #30 on the R&B charts in 1971. Due to continuing contractual problems and the fact that Funkadelic releases were more successful at the time, Clinton temporarily abandoned the name Parliament (which he revived in 1974). Following \"Osmium\", the lineup of Parliament-Funkadelic began going through many changes and was expanded significantly, with the addition of important members such as keyboardist Bernie Worrell in 1970, singer/guitarist Garry Shider in 1971, and bassist Bootsy Collins (recruited from the James Brown backing band) in 1972. Dozens of singers and musicians would contribute to future Parliament-Funkadelic releases. Clinton relaunched Parliament in 1974 and signed the act to Casablanca Records. Parliament, now augmented by the Horny Horns (also recruited from James Brown's band) was positioned as a smoother R&B-based funk ensemble with intricate horn and vocal arrangements, and as a counterpoint to the guitar-based funk-rock of Funkadelic. By this point, Parliament and Funkadelic were touring as a combined entity known as Parliament-Funkadelic or simply P-Funk (which also became the catch-all term for George Clinton's rapidly growing stable of funk artists). The album \"Up for the Down Stroke\" was released in 1974, with \"Chocolate City\" following in 1975. Both performed strongly on the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and were moderately successful on the Pop charts.", "Music for Your Mother: Funkadelic 45s Music For Your Mother is a compilation album by Funkadelic featuring songs recorded for Westbound Records during the band's career with that label from 1968 to 1976. The compilation includes the A-sides and B-sides of every Funkadelic single released during Funkadelic's tenure at Westbound. Some of the tracks here originated as alternate versions of album tracks or as non-album B-sides, and some were previously unreleased. Two tracks, \"I Miss My Baby\" and \"Baby I Owe You Something Good\" (original version) were originally released by Westbound under the group name \"U.S. Music With Funkadelic\", which was probably meant to denote \"U.S. with music by Funkadelic\" or simply \"U.S. with Funkadelic.\" \"U.S.\" refers to the band United Soul that had been discovered and produced by George Clinton in 1971, and which contained future Parliament-Funkadelic members Garry Shider and Cordell Mosson. The CD booklet features an extensive 20,000-word article by music writer and Parliament-Funkadelic historian Rob Bowman. In the 2000s, many of the non-LP tracks included in this anthology were added as bonus tracks on Westbound CD reissues of their respective original albums. Liner notes to \"Music For Your Mother\" by Rob Bowman, 1992.", "Cordell Mosson  Cordell \"Boogie\" Mosson (born Cardell Mosson; October 16, 1952 \u2013 April 18, 2013) was an American bassist who was a member of Parliament-Funkadelic. Mosson was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, but grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey. A good friend of Garry Shider , the two left Plainfield, New Jersey in their teens for Canada. They joined a band called United Soul, which came to the attention of George Clinton, who had known Shider as a youth in Plainfield. In 1971 Clinton produced several tracks by United Soul with input from members of Funkadelic. The songs \"I Miss My Baby\" and \"Baby I Owe You Something Good\" were released as a one-off single by Westbound Records in 1971 under the group name U.S. Music with Funkadelic. All the tracks recorded with Clinton in 1971 were released by Westbound in 2009 as the album \"U.S. Music With Funkadelic\". After producing United Soul, Clinton then invited Mosson and Shider to join Parliament-Funkadelic. Two United Soul songs were rerecorded on later Funkadelic albums with Mosson as a member. Mosson was a prominent contributor to albums by both Funkadelic and Parliament from 1972 until the dissolution of the two groups in the early 1980s, and was the featured on-stage bassist for Parliament-Funkadelic after Bootsy Collins went solo. While Collins is more widely remembered as the P-Funk bassist, Mosson's contributions were arguably as numerous and are well regarded by fans. Mosson also appeared in the movie \"PCU\" as himself, in 1994."], "answer": {"text": "The 1996 album T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.", "answer_start": 1662}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is modern day parliament?", "answer": {"text": "The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album make it big?", "answer": {"text": "hit album", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The name P-Funk All Stars is still in use to the current day,", "answer_start": 696, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1d20bd078bea4cd887de65f1a7c04623_0_q#4", "question": "did this album make any top charts?", "rewrite": "Did Parliament-Funkadelic's 1996 album T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M. make any top charts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Parliament album entitled \"Osmium\" was released on Invictus Records in 1970, and was later reissued on CD with non-album tracks as both \"Rhenium\" and \"First Thangs\". \"Osmium\" featured a mostly psychedelic soul sound that was more similar to the Funkadelic albums of the period than to the later Parliament albums. The song \"The Breakdown\" was released separately as a single, and reached #30 on the R&B charts in 1971. Due to continuing contractual problems and the fact that Funkadelic releases were more successful at the time, Clinton temporarily abandoned the name Parliament (which he revived in 1974). Following \"Osmium\", the lineup of Parliament-Funkadelic began going through many changes and was expanded significantly, with the addition of important members such as keyboardist Bernie Worrell in 1970, singer/guitarist Garry Shider in 1971, and bassist Bootsy Collins (recruited from the James Brown backing band) in 1972. Dozens of singers and musicians would contribute to future Parliament-Funkadelic releases. Clinton relaunched Parliament in 1974 and signed the act to Casablanca Records. Parliament, now augmented by the Horny Horns (also recruited from James Brown's band) was positioned as a smoother R&B-based funk ensemble with intricate horn and vocal arrangements, and as a counterpoint to the guitar-based funk-rock of Funkadelic. By this point, Parliament and Funkadelic were touring as a combined entity known as Parliament-Funkadelic or simply P-Funk (which also became the catch-all term for George Clinton's rapidly growing stable of funk artists). The album \"Up for the Down Stroke\" was released in 1974, with \"Chocolate City\" following in 1975. Both performed strongly on the \"Billboard\" R&B charts and were moderately successful on the Pop charts.", "U.S. Music with Funkadelic U.S. Music with Funkadelic is a self-titled album consisting of tracks recorded in the early 1970s by the band United Soul with input from members of Funkadelic. The album was released by Westbound Records in 2009, and was licensed by Ace Records for its European release. U.S. Music with Funkadelic was George Clinton's first attempt to launch a P-Funk spin off act using up and coming musicians from his home town of Plainfield, New Jersey. \"U.S.\" refers to the band United Soul, whose lead vocalist and guitarist Garry Shider provided guest vocals on the Funkadelic album \"Maggot Brain\" in 1971. Following this, Clinton signed United Soul to his label, Parliafunkadelicment Thang Inc, and facilitated a collaboration between them and a few of his Funkadelic bandmates who were based in Toronto at the time. The group recorded the five songs presented on this album, though only the tracks \"Baby I Owe You Something Good\" and \"I Miss My Baby\" were originally released as a one-off single by Westbound in 1972. The release was credited to \"U.S. Music with Funkadelic\", which was probably meant to denote \"U.S. with Music by Funkadelic\" or simply \"U.S. with Funkadelic\". Following this collaboration, Garry Shider officially joined the Parliament-Funkadelic collective together with fellow United Soul members Larry and Cordell Mosson, and in 1973 an alternate version of the song \"This Broken Heart\" was included on the Funkadelic album \"Cosmic Slop\". A slower version of \"Baby", "In the early 1980s George Clinton continued to record while battling with financial problems and well-publicized drug problems. The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album. Included on this release was the much-sampled #1 hit single \"Atomic Dog\". The following year, Clinton formed the P-Funk All Stars, who went on to record Urban Dancefloor Guerillas in 1983. The P-Funk All Stars included many of the same members as the late-1970s version of the Parliament-Funkadelic collective, and was so named because of various legal issues concerning use of the names Parliament and Funkadelic after 1980. The name P-Funk All Stars is still in use to the current day, and group has included a mix of former Parliament-Funkadelic members as well as guests and new musicians. As the 1980s continued, P-Funk did not meet with great commercial success as the band continued to produce albums under the name of George Clinton as solo artist. P-Funk retired from touring from 1984 until 1989, except for extremely sporadic performances and TV appearances. It was at this time that Hip hop music began to extensively sample P-Funk music, so remnants of the music were still heard regularly, now among fans of Hip hop. By 1993, most of the Parliament and Funkadelic back catalog had been reissued. The same year saw the return of a reconstituted P-Funk All Stars, with the re-release of Urban Dancefloor Guerrillas under the title Hydraulic Funk, and a new hip hop influenced album Dope Dogs. In 1994, the group toured with the Lollapalooza festival and appeared in the film PCU. The 1996 album T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.", "That album did significantly better commercially than \"Hardcore Jollies\" and included \"Undisco Kidd\", an R&B Top 30 single. In 1977, Westbound capitalized further by releasing the anthology \"The Best of the Early Years\". As Parliament began achieving significant mainstream success in the 1975-1978 period, Funkadelic recorded and released its most successful and influential album, \"One Nation Under a Groove\" in 1978, adding former Ohio Players keyboardist Walter \"Junie\" Morrison and reflecting a more melodic dance-based sound. The title track spent six weeks at #1 on the R&B charts, around the time that Parliament was enjoying the #1 R&B singles \"Flash Light\" and \"Aqua Boogie\". \" Uncle Jam Wants You\" in 1979 continued Funkadelic's new more electronic sound production. The album contains the fifteen-minute \"(Not Just) Knee Deep\" featuring former Spinners lead singer Philipp\u00e9 Wynne, an edited version of which topped the R&B charts. The final official Funkadelic album, \"The Electric Spanking of War Babies\", was released in 1981. The release was originally a double-album project, but it was reduced to a single disc under pressure from Warner Brothers. Some of the deleted tracks would appear on future P-Funk releases, most notably the 1982 hit single \"Atomic Dog\" which appeared on the first George Clinton solo album. Meanwhile, the album \"Connections & Disconnections\" (re-issued on CD as \"Who's a Funkadelic\") was released under the name Funkadelic in 1981. The album was recorded by former Funkadelic members and original Parliaments Fuzzy Haskins, Calvin Simon, and Grady Thomas, who had left P-Funk in 1977 after disagreements with George Clinton's management practices.", "All the tracks recorded with Clinton in 1971 were released by Westbound in 2009 as the album \"U.S. Music With Funkadelic\". After producing United Soul, Clinton then invited Shider and Mosson to join Parliament-Funkadelic. Two United Soul songs were rerecorded on later Funkadelic albums with Shider as a member. Clinton groomed Shider for an important role in the P-Funk roster, which Shider joined full-time in 1972. He was a prominent contributor to albums by both Parliament and Funkadelic until the dissolution of those two bands in the early 1980s, after which he continued to work regularly with Clinton's P-Funk All-Stars. During Parliament-Funkadelic performances Shider was known for appearing in a diaper, making him instantly recognizable on stage and earning him the nickname \"Diaper Man\". Shider is featured prominently in many hit songs like \"Cosmic Slop,\" \"Getting to Know You,\" and \"One Nation Under a Groove\". He co-wrote many noteworthy Parliament-Funkadelic songs, and he made important contributions to P-Funk spin-off acts including Bootsy Collins and Eddie Hazel. Shider has been featured in Guitar Player Magazine three times, and once in the Japanese version. He has been featured in Who's Who in Music and appeared on a compilation album by Paul Shaffer of the David Letterman band, and also on rock group The Black Crowes' 1996 album \"Three Snakes and One Charm\". Shider has also appeared on \"Saturday Night Live\" several times, the \"Late Show with David Letterman\", \"The Arsenio Hall Show\", \"New York Undercover\", \"The Tonight Show\", and others. He appeared in the films \"PCU\" and \"The Night Before\"; both of which included songs he wrote and performed."], "answer": {"text": "served as a reunion album featuring contributions from the band's most noteworthy songwriters from the earlier eras,", "answer_start": 118}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what is modern day parliament?", "answer": {"text": "The remaining members of Parliament-Funkadelic recorded the 1982 hit album Computer Games, which was released as a George Clinton solo album.", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the album make it big?", "answer": {"text": "hit album", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The name P-Funk All Stars is still in use to the current day,", "answer_start": 696, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was their biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "The 1996 album T.A.P.O.A.F.O.M.", "answer_start": 1662, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#0", "question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "rewrite": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Confiss\u00f5es de Adolescente Confiss\u00f5es de Adolescente is a 2014 Brazilian comedy-drama film directed by Daniel Filho and Cris d'Amato, based on the diaries of Maria Mariana, which also led to theatrical performances, a book and TV series, the film follows the rites of passage experienced by four sisters. Actresses Maria Mariana, Deborah Secco, Daniele Valente and Georgiana G\u00f3es, the protagonists of the homonymous TV series make appearances in the film. After their father's warning that they will have to move out of the apartment where they live, in Barra da Tijuca, because of the excessive increase of rent, the girls promise to save more money and help in household chores to try to reverse the decision. While dealing with this, each one lives a typical rite of passage of the coming of age: the first kiss, the first sexual intercourse, first job, first breakup. Living alone, but still with little money to support herself, Tina is in search of her first internship, while dealing with constant disappointments with her boyfriend, Lucas. Bianca is in a new relationship, and will soon be taking the vestibular exam, but have not chosen a profession yet, While trying to help a new classmate who suffer bullying, and she still has to deal with the jealousy of her best friend. Alice wants to have the first sexual intercourse with her boyfriend, also a virgin, but realizes the decision is not as simple as she expected. Youngest of four, Clara is addicted on Facebook and starts to target the interests of a friend from school, which resolves to behave as the vampire Edward Cullen, from the Twilight saga to conquer her.", "Other songs in this album includes \"The Night of the First Breakup\" (), a story about the day of a panicking girl who just broke up with her boyfriend; \"Alone in the Room\" (), lets you feel a mature side of IU and is filled with the emotions of an 18-year-old girl as IU co-wrote the lyrics to this song; \"The Thing I Do Slowly\" (), a ballad that describes a girl trying to forget her love after a breakup; and \"Merry Christmas in Advance\" (), a confession from IU to the fans, which was composed by Shinsadong Tiger. It features rapping from Thunder, who has been friends with IU since pre-debut, and the tune is a love song which brings everyone love during Christmas. IU made her official comeback through KBS's \"Music Bank\" on December 10, 2010. As of 2012, the album has sold more than 85,000 copies.", "Parting Should Be Painless Parting Should Be Painless is the fifth studio album by English singer Roger Daltrey. It was originally released in February 1984, on the labels Atlantic, in the United States, and on WEA in Germany, and Japan. The album was Daltrey's first solo album since the first breakup of The Who, and the first by any member of the band. \"Walking in My Sleep\", \"Parting Would Be Painless\", and \"Would a Stranger Do\" were all released as singles. Two of those singles failed to chart, while \"Walking in My Sleep\" was a success, peaking at No. 4 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. On release, the album was received negatively by the majority of music critics. It was Daltrey's poorest selling studio album up to that point, peaking at No. 102 on the US \"Billboard\" chart, however it did make the Top 60 in the Netherlands, peaking at No. 45 on the MegaCharts. The album was produced by Mike Thorne, with the executive producer listed under the pseudonym \"Spike\". This is presumably the same woman who was credited as the executive producer of Pete Townshend's compilation album \"Scoop\", later revealed to be Helen Wilkins. The album was re-released as a limited edition audio CD on 12 October 2004, by Wounded Bird Records, but it vanished from the market almost as quickly as it was issued, becoming something of a rarity and by 2014 copies in very good condition were trading for \u00a3250. The album was a concerted effort on Daltrey's part to vent his frustrations in the wake of the Who's breakup by assembling a set of roughly autobiographical songs. These included a track contributed by Bryan Ferry (\"Going Strong\"), and one contributed by Eurythmics (\"Somebody Told Me\").", "He wrote a poem imitating the style of Edgar Allan Poe and submitted it to the \"Kokomo Dispatch\" under a fictitious name claiming it was a long-lost Poe poem. The \"Dispatch\" published the poem and reported it as such. Riley and two other men who were part of the plot waited two weeks for the poem to be published by major newspapers in Chicago, Boston, and New York to gauge their reaction; they were disappointed. While a few newspapers believed the poem was authentic, most did not, claiming the quality was too poor to be written by Poe. A \"Dispatch\" employee learned the truth of the incident and reported it to the \"Kokomo Tribune\", which published an expos\u00e9 that outed Riley as a conspirator behind the hoax. The revelation damaged the \"Dispatch\"s credibility and harmed Riley's reputation. In the aftermath of the Poe plot, Riley was dismissed from the \"Democrat\". He returned to Greenfield to spend time writing poetry. He met Clara Louise Bottsford, a school teacher boarding in his father's home. They found they had much in common, particularly their love of literature. The couple began a 12-year, intermittent relationship, Riley's longest. In mid-1878, the couple had their first breakup caused partly by Riley's alcoholism. Riley made a first attempt to give up liquor by joining a local temperance organization but quit after a few weeks. Without a steady income, his financial situation worsened. Riley began submitting his poems to more prominent literary magazines, including \"Scribner's Monthly\", but was informed that although it showed promise, his work was still short of the standards required for use in their publications. Locally, he was still dealing with the stigma of the Poe plot. The \"Indianapolis Journal\" and other newspapers refused to accept his poetry, leaving him desperate for income.", "Gina Birch Gina Birch is an English musician and filmmaker, best known as a founding member of post-punk rock band, The Raincoats. Born in Nottingham, Birch attended Nottingham High School for Girls, and later the Hornsey School of Art, where she formed The Raincoats with Ana da Silva in 1977. Following the first breakup of The Raincoats in 1984, Birch worked with experimental musician Mayo Thompson and his ensemble, Red Crayola, for a period in Germany. After this time, Birch formed the band Dorothy, with musician Vicky Aspinall. Both musicians were subsequently signed by Geoff Travis to Chrysalis Records. Following Dorothy's breakup, Birch matriculated at the Royal College of Art, where she studied film direction, and produced several dramas. In the early 1990s, The Raincoats were asked to perform on tour with grunge band Nirvana, and were consequently invited to make an album by DGC Records. This temporarily interrupted Birch's filmmaking endeavors. However, Birch did produce several music videos in this period, including the DVD video for The Libertines, released with their album. Gina has directed videos for Daisy Chainsaw, (2) The Libertines (3), Palma Violets, The Raincoats, Dorothy, and many others. She directed New Order's Crystal with artist Simon Tyszko, as well as multiple video installations. Birch's musical career continued through the 1990s, with the 1998 release of album \"Slow Dirty Tears\", with The Hangovers, a band she had formed in 1996. In 2000 and 2007 Birch performed live at Ladyfest, and continues to perform regularly in London. In September 2007, she performed at the Modern Art Oxford to commemorate the end of the museum's Stella Vine exhibition."], "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#1", "question": "Did Joey do solo work after?", "rewrite": "Did Joey do solo work after D.O.A.?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Dead Leaves The Dead Leaves (formerly \"Matt Joe Gow and The Dead Leaves\") is an Australian alternative rock band formed in 2009. Their line up consists of vocalist/guitarist Matt Joe Gow, guitarist Andrew Pollock, bassist Cameron Grindrod, keyboardist Clio Renner and drummer Joel Witenberg. The band is based in Melbourne, Australia, although Joe Gow is from New Zealand. The group initially formed to serve as a backing band on Matt Joe Gow's solo album \"The Messenger\", released through Liberation Music in July 2009. Produced by Nash Chambers, the album features instrumental contributions from Jim Moginie and Bill Chambers. The first single off the album, \"Come What May\" received some international airplay. \" The Messenger\" is, however, considered by the band as predominately a solo work. The group's 2012 album \"Cities on the Sea\" (released in February 2012, produced by Scott Horscroft and Eric J Dubowsky) was regarded as their first official album. The album marks a change in direction from the solo material and features guest vocals from Emma Louise and Gin Wigmore. In 2014 the band entered an indefinite hiatus with Matt Joe Gow focusing on his solo work alongside Pollock, Clio Renner also focusing on her solo work and Joel Witenberg forming New York based indie band 'Surf Rock Is Dead'.", "Joey flees and Dawson asks Pacey Witter to keep an eye on her. As the season progresses, it becomes obvious that Pacey and Joey's friendship evolves into something deeper. Joey has a brief relationship with a college student, A.J. Moller (Robin Dunne). This relationship makes Pacey jealous and forces him to confront his true feelings for Joey. After months of build up, Pacey finally kisses Joey after she confides in him that he and Dawson are the only ones to \"have ever known her in a way that no one else does.\" Joey initially is angry when Pacey kisses her; however, later she comes to realize that she may also have feelings for him, as well. Joey took a job at a Logan's Marina, where she received unwanted sexual advances from her supervisor, Rob Logan. During a trip to the home of Dawson's aunt, Gwen (Gail's sister), Joey and Pacey confront their feelings for one another. Joey confesses that being around Pacey makes her feel more alive resulting in Pacey kissing her again. Pacey tells Joey she needs to figure out what she wants and leaves. Joey stops him and pulls Pacey into a kiss, having made her choice, but Dawson's aunt Gwen sees this happen. After this realization, they begin a secret romantic relationship. When Dawson finds out about Joey and Pacey's relationship, he is furious, and the friendship between the three is never the same again. Dawson gives Joey an ultimatum- him or Pacey. Joey pulls back from Pacey in an effort to mend his and her friendship with Dawson. Dawson, however, sees Pacey as his enemy and opponent in winning Joey's heart. Dawson tries his best to win Joey back, including throwing an alternative prom with Joey as his date.", "The setting is San Francisco; Joey Evans (Frank Sinatra) is a second-rate singer, a heel known for his womanizing ways (calling women \"mice\"), but charming and funny. When Joey meets Linda English (Kim Novak), a naive chorus girl, he has stirrings of real feelings. However, that does not stop him from romancing a former flame and ex-stripper (Joey says, \"She used to be 'Vera Vanessa the undresser...with the Vanishing Veils'\"), now society matron Vera Prentice-Simpson (Rita Hayworth), a wealthy, willful, and lonely widow, in order to convince her to finance his dream, \"Chez Joey\", a night club of his own. Soon Joey is involved with Vera, each using the other for his/her own somewhat selfish purposes. But Joey's feelings for Linda are growing. Ultimately, Vera jealously demands that Joey fire Linda. When Joey refuses (\"Nobody owns Joey but Joey\"), Vera closes down \"Chez Joey\". Linda visits Vera and agrees to quit in an attempt to keep the club open. Vera then agrees to open the club, and even offers to marry Joey, but Joey rejects Vera. As Joey is leaving for Sacramento, Linda runs after him, offering to go wherever he is headed. After half-hearted refusals, Joey gives in and they walk away together, united. The happy ending of the film contrasts with that of the stage musical, where Joey is left alone at the end. The transformation of Joey into a \"nice guy\" departed from the stage musical, where Joey's character was notable for being the anti-hero. The film varies from the stage musical in several other key points: the setting was changed from Chicago to San Francisco, and the stage Joey was a dancer.", "He and Dorian briefly discuss their past relationship, and the fact that they both still think of each other. Joey returns to Llanview for Thanksgiving in 2010, with a woman named Aubrey Wentworth (Terri Conn). Though Kelly finds herself still in love with him, Joey proposes to Aubrey. Clint does a background check on Aubrey, which uncovers her history as a con artist with her professed brother but actual former boyfriend Cutter Wentworth (Josh Kelly). Aubrey learns of Clint's disreputable deeds and blackmails him. Despite Kelly's protests, Joey and Aubrey elope in February 2011. While Kelly insists to Joey that Aubrey's motive for marriage is his families' fortune, her accusations cause Joey to push her away. A devastated Kelly begins a romantic relationship with John McBain (Michael Easton), resigning herself to accept Joey's marriage to another woman. Eventually, Joey discovers that Aubrey's history and true relationship to Cutter. When Joey confronts Aubrey, she admits to her initial transgressions but vows she has fallen in love with Joey. Joey keeps his knowledge of Aubrey's actions quiet as the couple is awarded temporary custody of Joey's nephew, Ryder Ford, while Joey's sister and mother suffered bouts with multiple personalities. Later, Kelly is stabbed by the psychotic psychiatrist Dr. Marty Saybrooke (Susan Haskell) and left for dead, and Joey finally admits to and declares his undying affection for Kelly, while she lays in hospital. Joey and Aubrey soon divorce, in July 2011. In August 2011, Joey announces that he is moving back to London with Kelly so they can be closer to Kelly's son and Joey's great-nephew, Zane. Before leaving Llanfair, Aubrey gives Joey back the engagement ring he gave her, but Joey declines to accept it and wishes Aubrey well.", "Vera is glowing in the romance and sets Joey up with an apartment and expensive clothes (\"Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered\"). While shopping for clothes for Joey, Vera and he run into Linda, leaving Vera jealous and Linda distraught. Vera gives Joey his own nightclub, \"Chez Joey,\" and Joey looks forward to rising to the top (\"Pal Joey\"/\"Joey Looks to the Future\" ballet). The chorus girls and singers from the old club have relocated to \"Chez Joey,\" where they rehearse for the opening performance (\"The Flower Garden of My Heart\"). Melba, an ambitious reporter, interviews Joey, recalling her interviews with various celebrities, including Gypsy Rose Lee (\"Zip\") [In the 2008 revival, Gladys plays a \"reporter\" in a skit during the floor show at Chez Joey, performing \"Zip\" as a striptease]. Ludlow Lowell, Gladys' old flame, introduces himself as an agent with papers that Joey unthinkingly signs as the rehearsal continues (\"Plant You Now, Dig You Later\"). In Joey's apartment the next morning, Joey and Vera reflect on the pleasures of their affair (\"In Our Little Den\"). Linda overhears Gladys and Lowell plotting to use the papers Joey signed to blackmail Vera. [In the 2008 revival, Joey fires Gladys, and to get back at him, she conspires with Mike, the club manager, to blackmail Vera. Mike is forced into the scheme because Gladys threatens to have him fired because he is gay.] Linda calls Vera, who initially distrusts Linda; Vera confronts Joey, asking what his relationship is with Linda, and Joey responds defensively (\"Do It the Hard Way\"). Linda comes to the apartment to convince Vera, and Vera, seeing Linda's sincerity, now believes her."], "answer": {"text": "Keithley pursued an acting career.", "answer_start": 543}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#2", "question": "Did other band members do anything?", "rewrite": "Other than Joey, did other D.O.A. band members do anything?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Their song \"Girl Roommate\" became the most requested song on KRBZ 96.5 FM. With a local radio hit, Anything But Joey released a new album, \"Come Out Fighting\", in December 2002. \"Come Out Fighting\" also produced other fan favorites such as \"One\" and \"Girls Like You,\" although \"Girl Roommate\" was the only radio hit. In June, 2003, the group was the subject of a cover story for the Kansas City alternative weekly, The Pitch. The article described the growing \"Joeymania\" in the wake of \"Girl Roommate.\" The next few years saw the band touring heavily, opening for Jimmy Eat World in Kansas City and playing a few dates on the 2003 Vans Warped Tour. They released another 4 song EP, \"Necessary, But Not Cool\", in late 2004. In late 2004, Jeff left the band and was replaced by former Walls of Jericho drummer Wes Keely. However, this line-up didn't last long. In January 2005, Anything But Joey announced that they were breaking up. After almost 10 years together, the members wanted to explore new things. Matt, Bryan, and Wes formed a harder styled emo/goth band called The Famed. Drew reunited with former guitarist Steve Nick to form another pop-rock band called Stuck On Broadway. Jeff later joined Stuck On Broadway after their original drummer quit. Anything But Joey has reunited a few times since their breakup to open for their friends, such as St. Louis band Ludo. \"Sight Reading\" from the \"Come Out Fighting\" album was used in the trailer for the 2007 film \"Meet Bill.\" As Thulium As Anything But Joey As Thulium As Anything But Joey", "Pleasant Dreams Pleasant Dreams is the sixth studio album by American punk rock band the Ramones, released on July 20, 1981, through Sire Records. While the band members wanted Steve Lillywhite to produce, Sire chose Graham Gouldman in an attempt to gain popularity through a well-known producer. The recording process brought about many conflicts between band members, most notably the strife between Joey Ramone and Johnny Ramone, due to Johnny starting a relationship with Joey's girlfriend. There were also disputes about the overall direction of the album, with Johnny leaning towards hard rock and Joey towards pop music. Ultimately, the album incorporated high production values and varying musical styles, straying from traditional punk rock on songs such as \"We Want the Airwaves,\" \"She's a Sensation\" and \"Come On Now.\" Despite Sire's efforts to broaden the band's appeal by enlisting Gouldman to produce, the album was not commercially successful, peaking at #58 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and only charting outside of the US in Sweden. The album also met with mixed critical reception. The writing process for \"Pleasant Dreams\" began in January 1981. With Sire Records management being insistent on allowing a celebrity record producer to work on the album, they hired Graham Gouldman\u2014songwriter and musician for the British band 10cc\u2014to produce the album. Prior to working with Gouldman, the Ramones had recorded demos for the album with audio engineer Ed Stasium, and while the band had intended for Steve Lillywhite to produce the album, this decision was rejected by Sire. The studio recording process began on March 30, 1981, and initiated several conflicts between band members. This tension was partially due to Dee Dee Ramone's drug addiction, as well as Marky Ramone and Joey Ramone developing problems with alcohol, resulting in the frustration of Johnny Ramone.", "Animal Boy Animal Boy is the ninth studio album by American punk band the Ramones, released through Sire Records on May 19, 1986. Due to conflicts within the group, the album features less of lead singer Joey Ramone, both in performing and writing, and less performing from guitarist Johnny Ramone. Bassist Dee Dee Ramone wrote and sang more on this album than on previous albums, and Richie Ramone became the first drummer to write songs for the band since Tommy Ramone, the band's original drummer. The album spawned four singles, all of which charted on the UK Singles Chart, as well as other charts. In addition to singles, the band promoted their album using a music video for \"Something to Believe In,\" which parodied the contemporary benefit concert Live Aid and Hands Across America. Lyrical themes of the album range from band members' frustrations with one another, themselves, and loved ones, to more politically themed songs\u2014a rarity in Ramones music. \"My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down (Bonzo Goes To Bitburg)\" saw the Ramones criticizing U.S. President Ronald Reagan for his controversial visit to a military cemetery in Bitburg, Germany, despite Johnny Ramone disagreeing with the song's message. Critically, \"Animal Boy\" was not nearly as acclaimed as its predecessor, \"Too Tough to Die\", receiving generally mixed reviews. Critics were quick to point out that the band had strayed far from their original style and were experimenting with several genres by this point. However, the album charted in four different countries, including the United States and United Kingdom. By 1985, there was a considerable amount of conflict between band members. Lead singer Joey Ramone went so far as to withdraw from the writing process, after having been a vital part of it on previous records. Joey recalled: \"I'd had it with the Ramones. '", "The Strikers (psychobilly band) The Strikers are a rock n' roll band from San Diego, California. Consisting of band members Joey (lead vocals, guitar), Rob (doublebass, vocals), and Donovan (drums), their sound is a mixture of musical genres including rockabilly, psychobilly, and metal. In 2005, lead singer Joey was named Best Guitar Tech in San Diego by \"San Diego Magazine\". That same year, Joey and his childhood friend Donovan began writing songs for a straightforward rock band, and were soon joined by (former) upright bassist and lead vocalist Kyle. After performing a handful of shows, Kyle left the band, leaving Joey and Donovan in search of a new bass player. In 2006, they found Rob, an upright bassist who also shared their vision of music. Joey began singing lead vocals, and the band was finally complete. The three members combined their individual musical styles into one aggressive, \u201ckick-in-the-neck\u201d rock n' roll band. The Strikers have toured with bands such as The Chop Tops, Frenzy, and Three Bad Jacks, and have also shared the stage with bands The Headcat, The Meteors, Mad Sin, Zombie Ghost Train, and As I Lay Dying. In 2008, The Strikers released their debut album, \"No Return\", and were also featured on the compilation albums \"Rebels of Rock 'N' Roll, Volume 1\" and \"Psycho Ward 2\". During the summer of 2009, the band embarked on their first national tour alongside The Chop Tops. Joey St. Lucas \u2014 Lead Vocals, Guitar Rob Brouillard \u2014 Doublebass, Vocals Donovan Teske \u2014 Drums", "Suck (film) Suck is a 2009 rock-and-roll vampire black comedy horror film starring, written and directed by Rob Stefaniuk. Stefaniuk stars alongside Canadian actress Jessica Par\u00e9, Nicole de Boer (his castmate from the TV series \"Catwalk\"), Malcolm McDowell and rock legends Alice Cooper, Iggy Pop, Henry Rollins and Alex Lifeson of Rush. Production took place in and around Toronto in late 2008. The film follows a failed rock band called the Winners as they tour across Canada and the United States. After band member Jennifer is turned into a vampire, the band quickly gains a following of groupies attracted to her newfound beauty. As their infamy grows, the vampire hunter Eddie Van Helsing learns that Jennifer is a vampire and vows to hunt her down. While on tour, the band members are each turned into vampires, one by one. Although the band continues to grow in popularity, band member Joey loses interest in the vampire lifestyle and eventually convinces Jennifer that they should become human again. After a brief altercation, Eddie agrees to help the band upon hearing of their plans to become human. They track down Queenie, the vampire who turned Jennifer, intending to kill him. During the fight, Queenie nearly kills Eddie, before he is stabbed in the heart by Joey. The band members become human again as a result of his death, and they happily return home. Six months later, Joey and Jennifer are shown to have grown bored with their human lives in suburbia. They are approached by a bartender who had previously served at their gigs; he reveals himself to be an entity more powerful even than Queenie (the implication being that the bartender is Satan himself) and he offers them the opportunity to be even more powerful and more famous than they were as vampires."], "answer": {"text": "19 months after D.O.A. broke up, Joey Shithead and Wimpy Roy had reunited as D.O.A in the summer of 1992.", "answer_start": 578}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joey do solo work after?", "answer": {"text": "Keithley pursued an acting career.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#3", "question": "How long did they stay together after reuniting in 1992?", "rewrite": "How long did D.O.A. stay together after reuniting in 1992?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stay Together (Suede song) \"Stay Together\" is a non-album single by Suede, released on 14 February 1994 on Nude Records. It is the last single released while guitarist Bernard Butler was in the band, though subsequent singles from \"Dog Man Star\" feature his music. It is tied with \"Trash\" as the highest charting single the band has released, reaching number three on the UK Singles Chart. The song also charted in Ireland, peaking at no. 18. The single was released in the US on 26 April as a six song EP, and was the first release by the band as The London Suede. The State-side name change was the result of a successful lawsuit brought by Suzanne deBronkart, who had already been performing and recording in the US under the name Suede. Following the death of Bernard Butler's father, relations within Suede started to deteriorate. Butler kept to himself on the following tour of the US, while the other band members indulged in some of the worst excesses of their career. Butler travelled to concerts by himself or on The Cranberries tour bus, rather than travel with his bandmates. This influence became prevalent as Butler later stated, \"Whatever I did on Stay Together was the A to Z of the emotions I was experiencing... defiance, loss, a final sigh. \" What was intended as a couple of days' recording stretched out to two weeks. It was later revealed that the song had almost 50 tracks of recorded material on it. According to an entry in Simon Gilbert's diary in the biography \"Love and Poison\", Butler objected to the lyrics in \"Stay Together\". The entry read: \"Lyrics not to be printed on cover of single in case his mother reads it. ' 16 tears', obviously paedophilic!. \"", "Stay Together (album) Stay Together is the sixth studio album by Kaiser Chiefs, released on 7 October 2016. The album's name is a reference to the opening track \"We Stay Together\". The first single from the album, \"Parachute\", was released on 14 June 2016. The second single, \"Hole In My Soul\" was released 18 August 2016 and the third and final single, \"We Stay Together\" was released on 9 December 2016. The album marked a notable shift in the band's sound, incorporating more electronic and synth-pop elements. The album features a dance-oriented sound and includes songs that explore a range of topics, including monogamy (\"We Stay Together\") and sex (\"Good Clean Fun\"). In contrast to the album's predecessor, \"Education, Education, Education and War\", which was more focused on politics and the perils of war, the Kaiser Chiefs made \"Stay Together\" with a focus on love and relationships. Wilson elaborated further on the stark contrast between the last album and \"Stay Together\": \"The thing about writing a protest album is it's straightforward. Only an idiot would disagree with you. You're just saying war is bad. But when you start talking about relationships like on this record it's harder because there\u2019s a lot more blurred lines. There's no right or wrong\u201d. A sold out UK arena tour followed with critics describing the tour as \u201cWILD, energetic and memorable\u201d. On 13 June 2016, Kaiser Chiefs released a song titled \"Parachute\" onto their YouTube account, and later a music video. Two months later, on 18 August 2016, the band released the second single, \"Hole in My Soul\". On December 9, \"We Stay Together\" was released.", "Let's Stay Together (Al Green album) Let's Stay Together is a 1972 album by the soul singer Al Green, and is the follow-up to his moderate success \"Al Green Gets Next to You\". It was recorded at Royal Recording Studio, 1320 S. Lauderdale, in Memphis and was a success, peaking at number eight on the pop albums chart and became the first of six albums to peak at number-one on the soul album chart (where it claimed the position for ten weeks). It is best known for the title track \"Let's Stay Together\", which became Green's signature song and his only number-one pop hit single. The album was the third produced by Willie Mitchell and marked the beginning of Green's classic period of critically acclaimed albums. \"Let's Stay Together\" was reissued in 2003 by The Right Stuff. The album's appeal was widespread among critics. At the time, \"Rolling Stone\" noted \"Green's voice is something to marvel at. He can croon, shout, scat, rise to the smoothest falsetto, and throw in the funkiest growls... \"Let's Stay Together\" is, like its predecessor, an indispensable treat. \" In 1999, \"Q\" magazine wrote that the album \"shows him as the authentic voice of love's pain and purity on such wonders as 'How Can You Mend A Broken Heart?' \" and that \"[H]is cover of the Bee Gees' [song] took the soul ballad to new levels of artistry and refinement.\" All songs written by Al Green, except where noted", "Stay Together (Mandaryna song) \"Stay Together\" is a 2006 single by the Polish singer and dancer Mandaryna. It was her first ballad released as a single. \" Stay Together\" was written by Harald Reitinger. The song was performed at various festivals in Poland in 2006. The music video was shot in the summer 2006 in Ukraine and features Mandaryna singing with a children choir. The video was released on Polish music video stations on September 12, 2006. \"Stay Together\" was released as a non-album single and meant to be on Mandaryna's third studio album, \"Third Time: Mandaryna4You\", which remains unreleased.", "Let's Stay Together (Al Green song) \"Let's Stay Together\" is a song by American singer Al Green from his 1972 album of the same name. It was produced and recorded by Willie Mitchell, and mixed by Mitchell and Terry Manning. Released as a single in 1971, \"Let's Stay Together\" reached number 1 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and remained on the chart for 16 weeks and also topped \"Billboard\"<nowiki>'</nowiki >s R&B chart for nine weeks. \" Billboard\" ranked it as the number 11 song of 1972. It was ranked the 60th greatest song of all time by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was selected by the Library of Congress as a 2010 addition to the National Recording Registry, which selects recordings annually that are \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". The song went on to claim the number 1 position on the \"Billboard\" Year-End chart as an R&B song for 1972. The song has been used in movies: The song has been featured in various television shows: \"Let's Stay Together\" has been covered by: \"Let's Stay Together\" was later covered by Tina Turner, her second collaboration with the British Heaven 17 and British Electric Foundation production team after \"Ball of Confusion\" in 1982, and served as her comeback single in late 1983, charting at number 26 on the US Hot 100. It placed number 6 in the UK (one place higher than Al Green's original) and became the third time she reached the UK top ten, the first two being with former husband Ike Turner on \"River Deep, Mountain High\" and \"Nutbush City Limits\". Tina Turner's version also hit number 1 on the US Dance Chart."], "answer": {"text": "Tragedy struck in 1995 when drummer Ken Jensen died in a house fire.", "answer_start": 1250}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joey do solo work after?", "answer": {"text": "Keithley pursued an acting career.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did other band members do anything?", "answer": {"text": "19 months after D.O.A. broke up, Joey Shithead and Wimpy Roy had reunited as D.O.A in the summer of 1992.", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#4", "question": "Did that cause the band to break up?", "rewrite": "Did the album cause D.O.A.band to break up?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["However, after arriving in Beijing, she discovers how impossible it is for her to reach her father. She is not allowed to enter the Forbidden City, and cannot find an official who is willing to help her. She attempts to seek the assistance of royal officer Liang Da Ren, but her efforts do not succeed. Finally, she attends the Liang household's wedding, in hopes of getting in touch with Liang Da Ren. There, she meets Xiaoyanzi, her future sworn sister. She reveals her secrets to Xiaoyanzi, and sends Xiaoyanzi as her messenger to Qianlong. After sending Xiaoyanzi as her messenger, Ziwei hears no word of Xiaoyanzi for weeks. She is extremely worried. When she finds Xiaoyanzi, now dubbed Huan Zhu Ge Ge, parading around the streets, she is heartbroken to find that Xiaoyanzi stole her title and father. She runs after Xiaoyanzi. Guards mistake her for an imposter, and nearly beat her to death. However, she is saved by Fu Erkang, the son of royal officer Fu Lun. Ziwei is nursed in the Fu household. Immediately, Erkang is captivated by her beauty, intelligence, and warm personality. His feelings for her causes other problems to arise. Ziwei later decides to give up her title to protect Xiaoyanzi, but she and Erkang cannot marry if she only has the status of a commoner. Thus, she enters the Forbidden City as a court maid so she can meet her father, Qianlong. Then she one day tells the truth and becomes the princess. Fu Erkang met Ziwei during a march, when Xiaoyanzi was titled \"Huan Zhu Ge Ge\" or \"Returned Pearl Princess\". Ziwei was trying to get to Xiaoyanzi and confront her.", "Sonsee is not on this album. Sonsee don't rock with us no more, but we never broke up. I still speak to Sonsee, and it ain't no beef. He just don't rock with us, and we can't wait for nobody. If Sonsee ain't gonna rock with us, we gotta go get a nigga like Papoose to do a verse. Somebody like Snak the Ripper will fill in that third spot, and that's the reason why we did some features.\" Fredro comments on the situation with Sonsee in an interview on \"White Label Radio\":\"... Sonsee wasn't on the album cause we recorded it in LA, and we're ain't over Internet shit... So we just did it without him and we just got a couple of features to filling the third verse we needed. \" In an interview with Arena, Fredro says that Sonny Seeza himself decided to leave the group:\"... Sonsee is family, forever. But when the train takes off, if you're not on the train... you've got to keep the brand moving. We've got one of the best logos in hip-hop, millions of fans out there, and Sonsee doesn't want to get with us in the studio , then he's got to do what he's got to do.\"  \"\"#WakeDaFucUp\"\" is the Onyx's first album in the last 10 years. For these 10 years hip hop is changed. This album with its sound should bring back hip hop fans to the original New York sound of the 90's. \" Wake the fuck up! \" is the call of the group in regards to how Onyx feel about Hip Hop.", "Xiaoyanzi once referred to Wet-Nurse Rong as a motherly figure, which reconfirms their peace. When the empress dies, Wet-Nurse Rong commits suicide by stabbing herself, so that she can serve her mistress in the afterlife. Consort Ling is Qianlong's favourite concubine. She is the sister of lady Fu, the mother of Erkang and Ertai. Althgouh she has children of her own, she treats Xiaoyanzi and Ziwei like her own daughters. She always makes an effort to help Xiaoyanzi and Ziwei during difficult times. Qianlong spends the most time with her, but neglects her in Season 2 while she is pregnant. Instead, Qianlong spends time with his newest concubine, Hanxiang (Fragrant Concubine). Nevertheless, Consort Ling forgives him. In \"My Fair Princess III\", she is yet again pregnant and remains Qianlong's favourite. She helps Xiaoyanzi in her times of need with Zhihua and Yongqi. One of Xiaoyanzi's two most trusted friends outside the Forbidden City, Liu Qing is a typical commoner from Beijing. He is not nearly as educated as Yongqi or Erkang, but is a kind, helpful, and loyal. Liu Qing sometimes has a rash temper, but his intentions are good. However, he is extremely skilled in kung fu, which helps him make a living. Although he grew up with Xiaoyanzi, the two are only friends. When Liu Qing first met Ziwei, he had feelings for her, but he knew he could not compete with Erkang. Thus, he decided to give up his feelings. Later, he owns a restaurant, Hui Bing Lou, with his sister Liu Hong.", "B gave insight on the recording process of the album and revealed he produced the majority of it. When asked how his approach to song writing on this album is different from his past albums, the rapper said: \"Well the songwriting process for me has been the same really. I think what has changed is the content because I have always pulled from my life experience. My life has changed, so the content has changed, and my perspective has changed. I am much older and I see things much differently than I did when I was a kid.\" In a December 2013, interview with \"The Source\", B.o. B spoke about why it took so long to release the album, saying: \"I spent a lot of time on this project, man. I really wanted it to be natural. I started out doing a lot of club records cause I just wanted to be in the club. But as I had fun with it and grew with it, I saw what songs stayed jamming as the months went by. That let me and everyone know what records were the best records. And then other records came by like \u201cJohn Doe\u201d. I think that song took the longest to record because I had to go back and redo the verses cause they just weren\u2019t right. They weren\u2019t poppin\u2019 with the song. A lot of it was just taking it serious and spending more time with it.\" In \"The Source\" interview, he also spoke about some of the features on the album, saying: \"I feel like they added a lot. Of course, Future is gonna bring that East side energy. Tip, that\u2019s Hustle Gang so hands down. Juicy J brings that trippy vibe. But Priscilla Renee, she brought this certain soul to the record that I really wanted to keep. I really fought for her to stay on the album cause I believed in her.", "Robert Hilburn, writing for the Los Angeles Times, said that the band exhibited a strong influence from the Rolling Stones, but had distinguished themselves by Too Much Too Soon (1974) as \"a much more independent, original force\" because of their \"definite touch of the humor and carefreeness of early (ie. mid-1950s) rock\". Simon Reynolds felt that, by their 2009 album Cause I Sez So, the band exhibited the sound \"not of the sloppy, rambunctious Dolls of punk mythology but of a tight, lean hard-rock band.\""], "answer": {"text": "With John Wright filling in on drums, ninth full-length The Black Spot was recorded.", "answer_start": 1446}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joey do solo work after?", "answer": {"text": "Keithley pursued an acting career.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did other band members do anything?", "answer": {"text": "19 months after D.O.A. broke up, Joey Shithead and Wimpy Roy had reunited as D.O.A in the summer of 1992.", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did they stay together after reuniting in 1992?", "answer": {"text": "Tragedy struck in 1995 when drummer Ken Jensen died in a house fire.", "answer_start": 1250, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#5", "question": "Was the album well-received?", "rewrite": "Was the album of D.O.A. well-received?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On March 25, 2015, the album earned a QQ Music Award for Best Mandarin Album, and Tsai received two another awards for Best Hong Kong/Taiwan Female Singer and Most Popular Hong Kong/Taiwan Female Singer. On April 11, 2015, the album won a V Chart Award for Best Hong Kong/Taiwan Album, and Tsai received Best Hong Kong/Taiwan Female Singer. On May 15, 2015, the album received three Global Chinese Golden Chart Awards, including Album of the Year, Top 20 Songs of the Year for \"The Third Person and I\", and Hit FM Song of the Year for \"Play\". On May 18, 2015, the nominees for the 26th Golden Melody Awards were announced, the album received nine nominations\u2014Best Mandarin Album, Best Vocal Recording Album, Song of the Year for \"Play\", Best Music Video for \"Play\" and \"We're All Different, Yet the Same\", Best Music Arrangement for \"Play\", Single Producer of the Year for \"Play\" and \"Lip Reading\", and Best Album Design, and it became the album received the most nominations in the year. On May 31, 2015, Tsai won a Hito Music Award for Best Female Singer, the album won for Longest Chart Topping Album, and the song \"Play\" won for Top 10 Mandarin Songs of the Year and Song of the Year. On June 27, 2015, the album was honored with three Golden Melody Awards for Best Mandarin Album, Best Vocal Recording Album, and Single Producer of the Year for \"Lip Reading\", and it became the album received the most awards in the year. On August 23, 2015, Tsai won two Music Radio China Top Chart Awards for Most Popular Hong Kong/Taiwan Female Singer and Top Songs of the Year for \"The Third Person and I\".", "In support of the album, Ziggy Marley & the Melody Makers embarked on their first tour, a veritable Tuff Gong roadshow with Nadine Sutherland and the I-Three along as opening acts. The group was well received at the yearly Reggae Sunsplash in 1986 and 1987. In 1988, the band's popularity was at such a height that they were signed to the international major label Virgin Records. Later that year, they went into the studio with Tina Weymouth and Chris Frantz of Talking Heads to record their third album, Conscious Party. The album charted at #23 on the Billboard 200 and at #26 on the R&B Albums chart. The album spawned the successful single \"Tomorrow People\", which charted at #16 on the Mainstream Rock chart and #39 on the Hot 100. The second single \"Tumblin' Down\" was also well received charting at #1 on Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart and at #28 on the Dance Music/Club Play Singles charts. The album received a Grammy award for \"Best Reggae Album\". The Melody Makers' follow-up album \"One Bright Day\", released in 1989. The album charted at #26 on the Billboard 200 and at #43 on the R&B Albums chart. The single \"Look Who's Dancin'\" received positive feedback and charted at #41 on Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart and at #23 on the Dance Music/Club Play Singles charts. The album also spawned the singles \"Black My Story (Not History)\", \"One Bright Day\", \"Justice\", and \" When the Lights Gone Out\". The album received a Grammy award for \"Best Reggae Album\". In 1991, the group released their sixth album, \"Jahmekya\".", "Contra la Corriente (Marc Anthony album) Contra la Corriente (\"Against the Current\") is the third studio album released by American singer Marc Anthony on October 21, 1997 by RMM Records. The album was produced by Puerto Rican musician Angel \"Cucco\" Pe\u00f1a, with most of the songs written by Panamanian composer Omar Alfanno. The album was well received by critics who praised the vocals of Anthony as well as the songs. The album produced six singles, four of which peaked on the top ten on the Hot Latin Tracks chart. Promoted by a sold-out concert in Madison Square Garden, \"Contra la Corriente\" became the first salsa album reach number one on the Top Latin Albums chart and to chart on the \"Billboard\" 200. \"Contra la Corriente\" received a Grammy Award and a Latin Billboard Award, and was named the eighth best album of 1997 by \"Time\" magazine. It has sold over 400,000 copies as of 2000. The album received a gold certification for shipping of 500,000 copies in the United States. This was the last album that Marc Anthony recorded under RMM Records before switching over to Columbia Records to record his first self-titled English album. Since Anthony's signing on with RMM, his first-two albums (\"Otra Nota\" and \"[[Todo a Su Tiempo (Marc Anthony album)|Todo a Su Tiempo]\" had been successful, selling over 600,000 copies combined by 1996. His latter album, \"Todo a Su Tiempo\", was certified gold in the United States and received a Grammy Award nomination. [[Sergio George]], who [[record producer|produced]]", "List of awards and nominations received by Prince Royce Prince Royce is an American singer-songwriter who has received awards and nominations for his contributions to the music industry, in the genre of bachata. His eponymous debut studio album has sold over 500,000 copies in the United States. It received a Latin Grammy Award nomination for Best Contemporary Tropical Album, gaining Royce his first Latin Grammy Award nomination in 2011. It followed up with two nominations for Tropical Album of the Year at the \"Billboard\" Music Awards in 2011 and 2012. At the Latin counterpart, it received two nominations for Tropical Album of the Year in 2011 and 2012, both of which he won. The album also won Album of the Year at the 2012 award show. A number of the singles from the album also received awards and nominations at the award shows including \"Stand By Me\", \"Coraz\u00f3n Sin Cara\", \"El Amor Que Perdimos\" and \"Mi \u00daltima Carta\". Prince Royce's second studio album, \"Phase II\" (2012) has sold over 250,000 copies in the United States. At the Latin Grammy Awards of 2012, the album received a nomination for Best Tropical Fusion Album. The album also received a \"Billboard\" Music Award for Latin Album of the Year and \"Billboard\" Latin Music Award nomination for Album of the Year. Its two singles, \"Las Cosas Peque\u00f1as\" and \"Incondicional\", were also successful in garnering awards and nominations. At the \"Billboard\" Latin Music Awards of 2013, the two singles were nominated for Tropical Song of the Year, which was eventually won by the former. As of October 2013, Royce has received 75 awards from 153 nominations. The Latin Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the Latin Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences in the United States. Prince Royce has received nine nominations.", "47th Annual Grammy Awards The 47th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 13, 2005 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. They were hosted by Queen Latifah, and televised in the United States by CBS. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. Ray Charles, whom the event was dedicated in memory of, posthumously won five Grammy Awards while his album, \"Genius Loves Company\", won a total of eight. Kanye West received the most nominations with ten, winning three. Usher received eight nominations and won three including Best Contemporary R&B Album for his diamond selling album \"Confessions\". Britney Spears received her first Grammy of Best Dance Recording for her 2004 smash hit \"Toxic\". Bold type indicates the winner out of the list of nominees. Best Alternative Music Album Best Classical Album Best Orchestral Performance Best Opera Recording Best Choral Performance Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra) Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra) Best Chamber Music Performance Best Small Ensemble Performance (with or without conductor) Best Classical Vocal Performance Best Classical Contemporary Composition Best Classical Crossover Album Best Female Country Vocal Performance Best Male Country Vocal Performance Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Best Country Collaboration with Vocals Best Country Instrumental Performance Best Country Song Best Country Album Best Bluegrass Album Best Dance Recording Best Electronic/Dance Album Best Gospel Performance Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album Best Rock Gospel Album Best Traditional Soul Gospel Album Best Contemporary Soul Gospel Album Best Southern, Country or Bluegrass Gospel Album Best Gospel Choir or Chorus Album Best Jazz Instrumental Solo Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album Best Jazz Vocal Album Best Contemporary Jazz Album Best Latin Jazz Album Best Latin Pop Album Best Traditional Tropical Latin Album Best Mexican/Mexican-American Album Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album Best Tejano Album Best Salsa/Merengue Album Best New Age Album Best Female Pop Vocal Performance Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joey do solo work after?", "answer": {"text": "Keithley pursued an acting career.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did other band members do anything?", "answer": {"text": "19 months after D.O.A. broke up, Joey Shithead and Wimpy Roy had reunited as D.O.A in the summer of 1992.", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did they stay together after reuniting in 1992?", "answer": {"text": "Tragedy struck in 1995 when drummer Ken Jensen died in a house fire.", "answer_start": 1250, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that cause the band to break up?", "answer": {"text": "With John Wright filling in on drums, ninth full-length The Black Spot was recorded.", "answer_start": 1446, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#6", "question": "What happened with them next?", "rewrite": "What happened to D.O.A. next?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ingolstadt got two goals from Stefan Leitl, and a goal each from Moritz Hartmann and Robert Braber. Matchday eight happened on 15 September 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. Kickers Offenbach won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from David Ulm. Matchday 10 happened on 19 September 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 3\u20131. Werder Bremen II got two goals from Onur Ay\u0131k and a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. \u00d6mer Kanca scored for Unterhaching. Felix Schiller was sent-off during the match. Matchday 11 happened on 26 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. The match finished in a 2\u20132 draw. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Salvatore Amirante scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday 12 happened on 3 October 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20130 with two goals from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday 13 happened on 17 October 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Dieter Jarosch scored for Heidenheim. Matchday 14 happened on 24 October 2009 against Wuppertaler SV. Wuppertal won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Andr\u00e9s Formento. Matchday 15 happened on 30 October 2009 against VfB Stuttgart II. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Onur Ay\u0131k. Matchday 16 happened on 7 November 2009 against Wehen Wiesbaden.", "Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt got a goal from Olivier Caillas and a goal from the penalty spot from Nils Pfingsten-Reddig. The 23rd match happened on 12 February 2011 against Hansa Rostock. Hansa Rostock won 2\u20130 with goals from Mohammed Lartey and Radovan Vujanovi\u0107. The 24th match happened on 16 February 2011 against Jahn Regensburg. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20130 with a goal from Pascal Testroet and a goal from the penalty spot from Felix Kroos. The 25th match happened on 19 February 2011 against Koblenz. Koblenz won 2\u20130 with goals from Andr\u00e9 Hahn and Manuel Hornig. The 26th match happened on 26 February 2011 against Stuttgart II. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II and Alexander Aschauer scored for Stuttgart II. Kevin Maek was sent-off during the match. The 27th match happened on 5 March 2011 against Unterhaching. Unterhaching won 2\u20130 with goals from Markus Schwabl and Abdenour Amachaibou. The 28th match happened on 11 March 2011 against Babelsberg. Werder Bremen II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Stefan Ronneburg. The 29th match happened on 19 March 2011 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won 2\u20131. Kevin Schindler scored for Werder Bremen II. Darlington Omodiagbe and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. The 30th match happened on 1 April 2011 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. The 31st match happened on 6 April 2011 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won 2\u20131. Predrag Stevanovi\u0107 scored two goals for Werder Bremen II.", "2009\u201310 SV Werder Bremen II season The 2009\u201310 SV Werder Bremen II season started on 25 July 2009 against Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt and finished on 8 May 2010 against Erzgebirge Aue. The opening match of the season happened on 25 July 2009 against Rot-Wei\u00df Erfurt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday two happened on 28 July 2009 against VfL Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from the penalty spot from Matthias Heidrich. Matchday three happened on 7 August 2009 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday four happened on 15 August 2009 against Holstein Kiel. Holstein Kiel won the match 4\u20130 with three goals from Michael Holt and a goal from Fiete Sykora. Matchday five happened on 22 August 2009 against Wacker Burghausen. Wacker Burghausen won the match 4\u20133. Onur Ay\u0131k, Torsten Oehrl, and Pascal Testroet scored for Werder Bremen II. Wacker Burghausen got two goals from Christian Cappek and a goal each from Bj\u00f6rn Hertl and Sven Kresin. Matchday six happened on 30 August 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Pascal Testroet scored two goals for Werder Bremen II and Dennis Kruppke scored for Eintracht Braunschweig. Matchday seven happened on 2 September 2009 against Jahn Regensburg. Jahn Regensburg won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Anton Shynder. Matchday nine happened on 12 September 2009 against FC Ingolstadt 04. Ingolstadt won the match 4\u20131. Torsten Oehrl scored for Werder Bremen II.", "Matchday 22 happened on 10 March 2010 against Borussia Dortmund II. Werder Bremen II won the match 2\u20131. Tobias Kempe scored two goals for Werder Bremen II. Kempe's first goal was from the penalty spot. Uwe H\u00fcnemeier scored from the penalty spot for Burussia Dortmund II. Matchday 28 happened on 13 March 2010 against Ingolstadt. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday 21 happened on 16 March 2010 against Osnabr\u00fcck. Osnabr\u00fcck won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Alexander Dercho. Matchday 21 happened on 21 March 2010 against Unterhaching. Werder Bremen II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Nicolas Feldhahn. Markus Schwabl was sent-off during the match. Matchday 24 happened on 24 March 2010 against Wacker Burghausen. The match finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Lennart Thy scored for Werder Bremen II and Christian Holzer scored for Wacker Burghausen. Matchday 30 happened on 28 March 2010 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Carl Zeiss Jena won the match 2\u20131. Kevin Artmann scored for Werder Bremen II. Orlando Smeekes and Melvin Holwijn scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. M\u00e1rk\u00f3 Fut\u00e1cs was sent-off during the match. Matchday 31 happened on 31 March 2010 against Dynamo Dresden. Dynamo Dresden won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Robert Koch. Matchday 32 happened on 3 April 2010 against Heidenheim. The matchday finished in a 1\u20131 draw. Onur Ay\u0131k scored for Werder Bremen II and Andreas Spann scored for Heidenheim. Stefan Ronneburg was sent-off during the match. Matchday 25 happened on 7 April 2010 against Eintracht Braunschweig.", "2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season The 2009\u201310 Borussia Dortmund II season happened between 25 July 2009 and 8 May 2010. Borussia Dortmund II opened up the season against Wacker Burghausen on 25 July 2009. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 4\u20133. Borussia Dortmund II got two goals from Sebastian Tyrala and a goal from Sebastian Hille. Wacker Burghausen got three goals from Christian Holzer and a goal from Christian Cappek. Matchday two happened on 28 July 2009 against Eintracht Braunschweig. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday three happened on 7 August 2009 against Werder Bremen II. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Torsten Oehrl. Matchday four happened on 15 August 2009 against Kickers Offenbach. The match finished in a 0\u20130 draw. Matchday five happened on 21 August 2009 against FC Ingolstadt. Borussia Dortmund II won the match 1\u20130 with a goal from Yasin. Matchday six happened on 28 August 2009 against SpVgg Unterhaching. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. Borussia Dortmund II got a goal from Sebastian Hille. Sebastian Mitterhuber and Robert Zillner scored for Unterhaching. Matchday seven happened on 2 September 2009 against Carl Zeiss Jena. Borussia Dortmund II lost the match 2\u20131. J\u00f6rn Neumeister scored for Borussia Dortmund II. Assani Lukimya and Marco Riemer scored for Carl Zeiss Jena. Matchday eight happened on 6 September 2009 against Dynamo Dresden. Borussia Dortmund II won 1\u20130 with a goal from Marcus Piossek. Matchday nine happened on 12 September 2009 against 1. FC Heidenheim."], "answer": {"text": "The late 1990s found the band's lineup in turmoil, with Wimpy Roy leaving the band after a decade and a half of service.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joey do solo work after?", "answer": {"text": "Keithley pursued an acting career.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did other band members do anything?", "answer": {"text": "19 months after D.O.A. broke up, Joey Shithead and Wimpy Roy had reunited as D.O.A in the summer of 1992.", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did they stay together after reuniting in 1992?", "answer": {"text": "Tragedy struck in 1995 when drummer Ken Jensen died in a house fire.", "answer_start": 1250, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that cause the band to break up?", "answer": {"text": "With John Wright filling in on drums, ninth full-length The Black Spot was recorded.", "answer_start": 1446, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album well-received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_067f7984a2ea44deb3f12354a6cd7cb3_0_q#7", "question": "Why did Wimpy Roy leave?", "rewrite": "Why did Wimpy Roy leave D.O.A.?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although there are no verifiable records showing when the last Wimpy closed in the Netherlands, but it appears that Wimpy may have left the Netherlands by 1969 since Albert Heijn ceased to mention Wimpy in their corporate annual reports after 1969. In 1971, Albert Heijn later helped McDonald's to open its first restaurant in Europe by opening a McDonald's franchise in Zaandam. The first Wimpy restaurant in West Germany was open in Bochum at the Bochum Hauptbahnhof in December 1964 by restaurateur Heinrich Lobenberg under a franchise license from Wimpy International, exactly seven years prior to the opening of first McDonalds in Germany, with plans to open up to 300 units in West Germany. Lobenberg had cofounded the then five-unit Kochl\u00f6ffel chain just three years before in Lingen. There are no verifiable records that Lobenberg had opened a second Wimpy unit or how long the Bochum restaurant had operated before it finally closed. A food historian believes that Wimpy's failure to survive in Cold War era West Germany was caused by West German consumers of the 1960s preferring to eat familiar German-style chicken meals at the local Wienerwald chain instead of getting an unfamiliar American-style hamburger sandwich at Wimpy. The Wimpy license in Australia was held by Happysnaks Pty Ltd and was owned by restaurateur and entrepreneur Oliver Shaul. The first Wimpy bar opened in Sydney in November 1964, owned and operated directly by Happysnaks. Subsequent Wimpy bars operated as franchises. By 1971, there were 70 Wimpy bars around Australia, the most successful being in Hindley Street, Adelaide.", "A number of years after his release he was the subject of a documentary film made by B.C. filmmaker Glen Sanford, called \"Useless\". After Hannah left the band, the Subhumans re-formed with Ron Allan on bass. After Imagawa left the band, Dimwit was briefly back with the Subhumans before Randy Bowman joined in his place. With the line up of Wimpy Roy, Mike Graham, Ron Allan, and Randy Bowman, the Subhumans recorded the album \"No Wishes, No Prayers\" for Black Flag's SST Records. Ron Allan and Randy Bowman later went on to join the Vancouver band The Scramblers and Brian Goble went on to join D.O.A. on bass and occasional lead vocals. Their songs have been covered by many other bands, including D.O.A., NoMeansNo, MDC, Overkill, Jingo de Lunch, and Vancouver all-women band Cub, and they are highly regarded within the punk community. In 2005, the Subhumans reunited with the following lineup: Gerry Hannah on bass, Jon Card (ex-Personality Crisis, SNFU and D.O.A.) on drums, Wimpy Roy on vocals and Mike Graham on guitar. They signed to Alternative Tentacles and G7 Welcoming Committee Records. A new album, \"New Dark Age Parade\", was released in September 2006. \" Death Was Too Kind\", a compilation of the band's early singles and EPs, was released in 2008. In 2010, the band released the album \"Same Thoughts, Different Day\", a re-recorded version of \"Incorrect Thoughts\", after legal issues prevented the band from reissuing the original album. The Subhumans were featured in the 2010 documentary film \"Bloodied but Unbowed\", directed by Susanne Tabata.", "Brad Kent  Bradley Grant \"Brad\" Kent (died February 3, 2016) was a Canadian musician who played guitar with many of the early Vancouver punk rock bands, particularly Victorian Pork, the band which spawned D.O.A., Pointed Sticks and the Subhumans. Later he went to San Francisco to play guitar for the Avengers with Penelope Houston. In 1977, Kent was a member of Vancouver punk band, The Skulls, which also featured singer Joey Shithead, bassist Wimpy Roy, drummer Dimwit, and guitarist Simon Werner. The Skulls moved to Toronto, with eventual plans to relocate to London, England, but Kent stayed behind and formed Victorian Pork, which became a proving ground for several future Vancouver punk scene stalwarts, including Ian Tiles, Tony Bardach, Gerry Useless, Randy Rampage and Chuck Biscuits. When the Skulls broke up and hobbled back to Vancouver, Joey Shithead formed DOA with Victorian Pork drummer Chuck Biscuits (Dimwit's younger brother) and former Victorian Pork drummer, Randy Rampage, who moved to bass. Meanwhile, Dimwit and Wimpy formed the Subhumans with Brad Kent on guitar (this original version was a trio, Wimpy played bass and sang). Later, the more recognized line-up was formed with former Victorian Pork bassist Gerry Hannah AKA Gerry Useless and guitarist Mike Graham AKA Mike Normal. Mike and Gerry were in the Stiffs with Zippy Pinhead & Sid Sick. When the Stiffs broke up Zippy & Sid formed Rabid. A little while later, Brad Kent would join DOA, expanding them to a four-piece, right after the release of DOA's \"Disco Sucks\" EP.", "In 1954, Gold sold a licence to J. Lyons and Co. to use the Wimpy name in the United Kingdom. Wimpy Grills Inc. of Chicago later formed a joint company with Lyons called Wimpy's International Inc. in 1957. Wimpy's International was based in Chicago and allowed the brand to operate Wimpy Grills in the rest of the world. The joint company eventually grew to 1,500 locations, with Gold later selling his share to Lyons prior to his death. After obtaining full control of the international licensing outside of the United States, Lyons and its successors handled global franchising through their United Kingdom-based subsidiary \"Wimpy International Ltd\". This arrangement ceased when Wimpy UK became a subsidiary of the South Africa-based Famous Brands in 2007. The South African company started to handle worldwide franchising duties directly from Johannesburg. Lyons obtained a licence to use the Wimpy brand in the United Kingdom from Edward Gold's Chicago based Wimpy Grills Inc. and, in 1954, the first \"Wimpy Bar\" Lyons was established at the Lyons Corner House in Coventry Street, London. Originally, the bar was a special fast food section within traditional Corner House restaurants, but the success soon led to the establishment of separate Wimpy restaurants serving only hamburger-based meals. In a 1955 newspaper column, Art Buchwald, syndicated writer for the \"Washington Post\", wrote about the recent opening of a \"Wimpy's Hamburger Parlor\" on Coventry Street and about the influence of American culture on the British. Buchwald wrote, \"Food served at the table within ten minutes of ordering and with atomic age efficiency. No cutlery needed or given. Drinks served in a bottle with a straw. Condiments in pre-packaged single serving packets. \"", "The Skulls (Canadian band) The Skulls were an early Vancouver punk rock band, whose members would later found two of the area's bands: D.O.A. and The Subhumans. They toured heavily and issued a demo, but never released any albums. The band started in Burnaby, a suburb of Vancouver, during the summer of 1977, when the members of rock band Stone Crazy, who played Led Zeppelin covers among others, became interested in punk rock after seeing The Ramones live. Joey Keithley, a.k.a. Joey Shithead, was the singer, Brian Roy Goble, a.k.a. Wimpy Roy, the bass player, Simon Werner the guitar player and Ken Montgomery, a.k.a. Dimwit, the drummer. All of them were former members of Stone Crazy except Werner, who replaced Stone Crazy guitar player Brad Kent. (Kent, however, still played with the Skulls on several occasions). The Skulls played the (mostly hostile) club circuit in Vancouver and recorded a few songs at Psi-chords Studios, including \"Fucked Up Baby\", which would later become a D.O.A. song. (This track surfaced years later on Zulu Records' double album retrospective, \"Last Call\". The demo tape was never released at the time, except to local critics for review). There was not really much a scene yet, however, escept for The Furies (which had Simon Werner's brother Jonathan on bass) and The Dishrags, so The Skulls (without Brad Kent, but with roadie Gerry Useless, who had been in Stone Crazy) decided to move to Toronto. However, the band split up : Joey and Dimwit returned to Vancouver, while Simon Werner and Wimpy moved to London (Wimpy returned to Vancouver a few months later)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What caused the first breakup of D.O.A.?", "answer": {"text": "In August 1990, Joey decided he was breaking up D.O.A. but, at the suggestion of promoter Dirk Dirksen, they did a farewell tour of the West Coast,", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joey do solo work after?", "answer": {"text": "Keithley pursued an acting career.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did other band members do anything?", "answer": {"text": "19 months after D.O.A. broke up, Joey Shithead and Wimpy Roy had reunited as D.O.A in the summer of 1992.", "answer_start": 578, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did they stay together after reuniting in 1992?", "answer": {"text": "Tragedy struck in 1995 when drummer Ken Jensen died in a house fire.", "answer_start": 1250, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did that cause the band to break up?", "answer": {"text": "With John Wright filling in on drums, ninth full-length The Black Spot was recorded.", "answer_start": 1446, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the album well-received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with them next?", "answer": {"text": "The late 1990s found the band's lineup in turmoil, with Wimpy Roy leaving the band after a decade and a half of service.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#0", "question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "rewrite": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Aa Dekhen Zara Aa Dekhen Zara () is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language science fiction thriller film written by Sheershak Anand , starring Neil Nitin Mukesh, who plays a photo journalist, and Bipasha Basu, as a disc jockey. The film is the directorial debut of Jehangir Surti. Ray Acharya (Neil Nitin Mukesh), a struggling photographer has nothing going for him\u2026 until he inherits a very 'special' camera from his grandfather who was a scientist. Then his life changes in a way that he could not have imagined in his wildest dreams. The photographs produced by the camera predict the future. Ray uses the camera to obtain winning lottery numbers, winning horses, and also stock prices. His life becomes one big roller coaster ride that takes him from rags to riches and also helps him meet the love of his life, Simi (Bipasha Basu), a DJ with a mind of her own. However Captain (Rahul Dev) finds out and chases Ray to get the camera for himself. Security authorities also chase Ray as they are aware that Ray's grandfather was trying to create a camera that can predict the future. The chase leads them to Bangkok where the climax unfolds. The movie was initially known as \"Freeze\". But in an interview, Vikram Rajani, the executive director of Eros Entertainment said, \"What is \"Freeze\"? The movie was always called \"Aa Dekhen Zara\". I do not know how people called the movie \"Freeze\". That was just a working title we had in mind. We have the title \"Aa Dekhen Zara\" registered long time back\". Bipasha Basu performed opposite Neil Mukesh for the first time with this film.", "Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "Lamhaa  Lamhaa () is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Rahul Dholakia. It stars Sanjay Dutt, Bipasha Basu, Anupam Kher and Kunal Kapoor in the leading roles. The film follows an Indian Army officer sent undercover to find the culprit behind extremist attacks in Kashmir, where he is helped by the daughter of a separatist leader. The film released on 16 July 2010. Indian Military Intelligence assigns their agent, Vikram Sabharwal, to travel to Kashmir. There he is to locate the person(s) behind the violence, under the guise of a press reporter, Gul Jahangir. Once there, he begins his investigation by visiting highly sensitive areas as such as the Jama Masjid, Dardpura Village and Rainawari Chowk. He is accompanied by a tailor, Char Chinar, who sells uniforms to both militants and the underpaid military soldiers. Vikram meets up with Aziza Abbas Ansari, and her mentor, Haji Sayyed Shah, and aspiring political leader, Aatif Hussain. And it is after these meetings that he will conclude who is behind the extremism in this beautiful yet 'most dangerous place on Earth'. Karisma Kapoor was finalised to play the female lead, but she opted out at the last minute because she feared shooting in the troubled Kashmir valley where a significant part was going to be shot. Bipasha Basu, Ameesha Patel and Sonam Kapoor were considered for the same role, and Basu was finalised to play the female lead. Filming began in Kashmir on 25 October 2008. During November 2008, Bipasha Basu left the shooting hours before Sanjay Dutt landed in Srinagar to start shooting with her \u2014 without informing the unit. They decided to shoot the action sequences in Manali instead.", "Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.", "List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others."], "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#1", "question": "Did this help her become well known?", "rewrite": "Did making a debut in Ajnabee help Bipasha Basu become well known?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.", "Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "Lamhaa  Lamhaa () is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Rahul Dholakia. It stars Sanjay Dutt, Bipasha Basu, Anupam Kher and Kunal Kapoor in the leading roles. The film follows an Indian Army officer sent undercover to find the culprit behind extremist attacks in Kashmir, where he is helped by the daughter of a separatist leader. The film released on 16 July 2010. Indian Military Intelligence assigns their agent, Vikram Sabharwal, to travel to Kashmir. There he is to locate the person(s) behind the violence, under the guise of a press reporter, Gul Jahangir. Once there, he begins his investigation by visiting highly sensitive areas as such as the Jama Masjid, Dardpura Village and Rainawari Chowk. He is accompanied by a tailor, Char Chinar, who sells uniforms to both militants and the underpaid military soldiers. Vikram meets up with Aziza Abbas Ansari, and her mentor, Haji Sayyed Shah, and aspiring political leader, Aatif Hussain. And it is after these meetings that he will conclude who is behind the extremism in this beautiful yet 'most dangerous place on Earth'. Karisma Kapoor was finalised to play the female lead, but she opted out at the last minute because she feared shooting in the troubled Kashmir valley where a significant part was going to be shot. Bipasha Basu, Ameesha Patel and Sonam Kapoor were considered for the same role, and Basu was finalised to play the female lead. Filming began in Kashmir on 25 October 2008. During November 2008, Bipasha Basu left the shooting hours before Sanjay Dutt landed in Srinagar to start shooting with her \u2014 without informing the unit. They decided to shoot the action sequences in Manali instead.", "Ajnabee (2001 film)  Ajnabee () is a 2001 Indian Hindi suspense thriller film directed by Abbas-Mustan and produced by Vijay Galani. It stars Bobby Deol, Akshay Kumar, Kareena Kapoor Khan and Bipasha Basu in the lead, with Johnny Lever, Dalip Tahil, Narendra Bedi and Sharat Saxena in supporting roles. The film is an adaptation of the 1992 American thriller \"Consenting Adults\", directed by Alan J. Pakula. It was the second film of Akshay Kumar and Abbas-Mustan after \"Khiladi\" and the second film of Bobby Deol and Abbas-Mustan after \"Soldier\". Raj (Bobby Deol) and Priya (Kareena Kapoor) meet by chance and fall in love after a whirlwind romance. They marry and reside in Switzerland, where they meet another Indian couple: Vikram (Akshay Kumar) and Sonia (Bipasha Basu). The couples quickly become friends and decide to go on a Christmas vacation together to Mauritius. During their vacation, Raj sees Vikram with another woman, kissing and looking intimate. At the same time, Sonia begins to try to seduce Raj, who rejects her. Vikram notices Raj looking at Sonia and casually talks to him about wife swapping, this upsets Raj and an argument breaks out between the two men. However, a couple of days later, they resolve their issues and become friends again. On Vikram's birthday, the two men celebrate by getting drunk together, sharing bottles of alcohol. Once again, Vikram brings up the topic of wife swapping, which Raj rebuffs, but still both men end up in opposite houses. The next day Raj wakes up to find a seminaked woman in bed and realizes he is in Vicky's house.", "List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others."], "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#2", "question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "rewrite": "Why did Bipasha Basu receive unfavorable reviews for Ajnabee?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "Ajnabee (2001 film)  Ajnabee () is a 2001 Indian Hindi suspense thriller film directed by Abbas-Mustan and produced by Vijay Galani. It stars Bobby Deol, Akshay Kumar, Kareena Kapoor Khan and Bipasha Basu in the lead, with Johnny Lever, Dalip Tahil, Narendra Bedi and Sharat Saxena in supporting roles. The film is an adaptation of the 1992 American thriller \"Consenting Adults\", directed by Alan J. Pakula. It was the second film of Akshay Kumar and Abbas-Mustan after \"Khiladi\" and the second film of Bobby Deol and Abbas-Mustan after \"Soldier\". Raj (Bobby Deol) and Priya (Kareena Kapoor) meet by chance and fall in love after a whirlwind romance. They marry and reside in Switzerland, where they meet another Indian couple: Vikram (Akshay Kumar) and Sonia (Bipasha Basu). The couples quickly become friends and decide to go on a Christmas vacation together to Mauritius. During their vacation, Raj sees Vikram with another woman, kissing and looking intimate. At the same time, Sonia begins to try to seduce Raj, who rejects her. Vikram notices Raj looking at Sonia and casually talks to him about wife swapping, this upsets Raj and an argument breaks out between the two men. However, a couple of days later, they resolve their issues and become friends again. On Vikram's birthday, the two men celebrate by getting drunk together, sharing bottles of alcohol. Once again, Vikram brings up the topic of wife swapping, which Raj rebuffs, but still both men end up in opposite houses. The next day Raj wakes up to find a seminaked woman in bed and realizes he is in Vicky's house.", "List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others.", "Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.", "One of the judges of the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel Contest in which Basu participated, Vinod Khanna, wanted to launch her alongside his son Akshaye Khanna in Himalay Putra, but she felt she was too young and declined the role, which eventually went to Anjala Zaveri. After returning home, she was convinced by Jaya Bachchan to star opposite her son Abhishek Bachchan in J. P. Dutta's Aakhari Mughal. However, the film was cancelled, and Dutta instead changed the script and made Refugee with Kareena Kapoor. Basu was also offered a role in Refugee opposite Sunil Shetty, which she declined. In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee. The film, directed by Abbas-Mustan, was inspired by the American film Consenting Adults. It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics. However, Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz. Directed by Vikram Bhatt, it established Basu in the Hindi film industry. Her portrayal of a woman who is pursued by a spirit received positive reviews. One review in The Tribune noted, \"... it is Bipasha Basu who steals the show with her fine performance.\" She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz. She was appreciated in a supporting role in Sanjay Gadhvi's Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai, a moderate critical and commercial success. However, in David Dhawan's Chor Machaaye Shor, was her first commercial failure."], "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#3", "question": "What was the name of the movie?", "rewrite": "What was the name of the movie Bipasha Basu acted in that won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut The Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut (previously known as \"Filmfare Award for Lux New Face of the Year\") is given by Filmfare as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films to recognise a performance by a female actor in a debut role. As of 2019, Priyanka Chopra and Parineeti Chopra are the only cousins to win the award while Sara Ali Khan is the only winner that has a parent (Saif Ali Khan) whom won a Fimfare Debut Award (Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut). Juhi Chawla, Preity Zinta, Kareena Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra, Vidya Balan, Kangana Ranaut and Deepika Padukone have all won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, with Balan winning four times and Padukone winning twice. Tabu, Kareena Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra, and Kangana Ranaut have all won Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress (Tabu winning the most at four times and Kapoor with two wins.) and Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress, while Vidya Balan has won the former award once.", "Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.", "The performance of Akshay Kumar was praised and he won the Filmfare Award for Best Villain. Bipasha Basu won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. The film's Total Nett Gross was 17.04 crore and was declared as an \"Super Hit\" grosser by the Box Office India.", "List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others.", "One of the judges of the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel Contest in which Basu participated, Vinod Khanna, wanted to launch her alongside his son Akshaye Khanna in Himalay Putra, but she felt she was too young and declined the role, which eventually went to Anjala Zaveri. After returning home, she was convinced by Jaya Bachchan to star opposite her son Abhishek Bachchan in J. P. Dutta's Aakhari Mughal. However, the film was cancelled, and Dutta instead changed the script and made Refugee with Kareena Kapoor. Basu was also offered a role in Refugee opposite Sunil Shetty, which she declined. In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee. The film, directed by Abbas-Mustan, was inspired by the American film Consenting Adults. It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics. However, Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz. Directed by Vikram Bhatt, it established Basu in the Hindi film industry. Her portrayal of a woman who is pursued by a spirit received positive reviews. One review in The Tribune noted, \"... it is Bipasha Basu who steals the show with her fine performance.\" She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz. She was appreciated in a supporting role in Sanjay Gadhvi's Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai, a moderate critical and commercial success. However, in David Dhawan's Chor Machaaye Shor, was her first commercial failure."], "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#4", "question": "What year did this movie come out?", "rewrite": "What year did Ajnabee come out?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ek Ajnabee Ek Ajnabee \u2013 A Man Apart (English: \"A Stranger\") is a 2005 Indian Hindi-language action-thriller film directed by Apoorva Lakhia, starring Amitabh Bachchan, Arjun Rampal and Perizaad Zorabian. It is a remake of Tony Scott's \"Man on Fire\", a film based on a novel of the same name, which was also adapted into another film in 1987. \"Ek Ajnabee\" was released theatrically on 9 December 2005. Colonel Suryaveer \"Surya\" Singh (Amitabh Bachchan) is a bitter man and ex-Army officer, hired by his friend and former comrade Captain Shekhar Verma (Arjun Rampal) to protect a little girl, Anamika R. Rathore (Rucha Vaidya), who resides in Bangkok, Thailand with her Non-resident Indian (NRI) family. He drinks alcohol frequently, and is not interested in befriending the girl. Eventually, she wins his heart and he helps her to prepare for a swim meet. One day Anamika gets kidnapped and Surya receives serious injuries in his attempt to prevent the kidnapping. Her father is not able to pay the sum to release his daughter. So Suryaveer uses all his skills to save the life of the child, only to find out about the conspiracy that is behind the little girl's kidnapping. Surya learns that Chang, Shekhar's lawyer, is behind some of this. The real mastermind behind this is Chang's brother. Surya holds Chang hostage, while Chang's brother holds Anamika hostage. When they come to exchange the people, Chang's brother reveals a great secret to Surya. Surya learns that Shekhar was all behind this. Surya kills Chang's brother's men.", "Burns Township Burns Township may refer to:", "Burns Township, Henry County, Illinois Burns Township is one of twenty-four townships in Henry County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 265 and it contained 130 housing units. According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , all land. (This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.) The township contains these two cemeteries: Cosner and Mount Zion.", "Burns Township, Michigan Burns Township is a civil township of Shiawassee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the township population was 3,500. Whitmore Knaggs established a trading post here in 1820 to exchange goods for furs with the local Ojibwe. The township was organized in 1835. According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (0.62%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,500 people, 1,191 households, and 993 families residing in the township. The population density was 98.6 per square mile (38.1/km\u00b2). There were 1,230 housing units at an average density of 34.7 per square mile (13.4/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.91% White, 0.03% African American, 0.43% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.51% of the population. There were 1,191 households out of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.2% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.6% were non-families. 13.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.20.", "Nowthen, Minnesota Nowthen is a city in Anoka County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 4,443 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Nowthen is located in the northwest part of Anoka County. Minnesota State Highway 47 and County Road 22 are two of the main routes in the community. Nearby places include St. Francis, Oak Grove, Andover, Ramsey, and Elk River. Nowthen is located 12 miles north-northwest of the city of Anoka. In 1869, Burns Township broke off from St. Francis Township. The city was formerly known as \"Burns Township\" until June 30, 2008, when it was incorporated as the city of Nowthen. The drive toward incorporation started at the township's annual meeting in March 2007, when residents decided to incorporate in order to prevent annexation by other nearby cities. The name originated from an unincorporated community named \"Nowthen\" near the intersection of County Roads 5 and 22 within the former township. \" Nowthen\" was coined by the town's first postmaster, James Hare, who had the habit of saying \"Now, then\" in conversation. The city of Nowthen has two parks, Nowthen Memorial Park and Twin Lakes City Park. Nowthen Memorial Park includes baseball, softball and soccer fields, as well as a volleyball and a basketball court. Horse shoes, a playground, picnic area, and a walking path are also at the park. Twin Lakes City Park includes a beach, a fishing pier, a boat dock and a sand volleyball court. The park also has a playground, many walking paths and picnic shelters which all contain at least one grill. A new disc golf course is also available."], "answer": {"text": "In 2001,", "answer_start": 591}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#5", "question": "Were their any other well known actors in this movie?", "rewrite": "Were there any other well known actors in Ajnabee besides Bipasha Basu?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.", "Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "Lamhaa  Lamhaa () is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Rahul Dholakia. It stars Sanjay Dutt, Bipasha Basu, Anupam Kher and Kunal Kapoor in the leading roles. The film follows an Indian Army officer sent undercover to find the culprit behind extremist attacks in Kashmir, where he is helped by the daughter of a separatist leader. The film released on 16 July 2010. Indian Military Intelligence assigns their agent, Vikram Sabharwal, to travel to Kashmir. There he is to locate the person(s) behind the violence, under the guise of a press reporter, Gul Jahangir. Once there, he begins his investigation by visiting highly sensitive areas as such as the Jama Masjid, Dardpura Village and Rainawari Chowk. He is accompanied by a tailor, Char Chinar, who sells uniforms to both militants and the underpaid military soldiers. Vikram meets up with Aziza Abbas Ansari, and her mentor, Haji Sayyed Shah, and aspiring political leader, Aatif Hussain. And it is after these meetings that he will conclude who is behind the extremism in this beautiful yet 'most dangerous place on Earth'. Karisma Kapoor was finalised to play the female lead, but she opted out at the last minute because she feared shooting in the troubled Kashmir valley where a significant part was going to be shot. Bipasha Basu, Ameesha Patel and Sonam Kapoor were considered for the same role, and Basu was finalised to play the female lead. Filming began in Kashmir on 25 October 2008. During November 2008, Bipasha Basu left the shooting hours before Sanjay Dutt landed in Srinagar to start shooting with her \u2014 without informing the unit. They decided to shoot the action sequences in Manali instead.", "List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others.", "Ajnabee (2001 film)  Ajnabee () is a 2001 Indian Hindi suspense thriller film directed by Abbas-Mustan and produced by Vijay Galani. It stars Bobby Deol, Akshay Kumar, Kareena Kapoor Khan and Bipasha Basu in the lead, with Johnny Lever, Dalip Tahil, Narendra Bedi and Sharat Saxena in supporting roles. The film is an adaptation of the 1992 American thriller \"Consenting Adults\", directed by Alan J. Pakula. It was the second film of Akshay Kumar and Abbas-Mustan after \"Khiladi\" and the second film of Bobby Deol and Abbas-Mustan after \"Soldier\". Raj (Bobby Deol) and Priya (Kareena Kapoor) meet by chance and fall in love after a whirlwind romance. They marry and reside in Switzerland, where they meet another Indian couple: Vikram (Akshay Kumar) and Sonia (Bipasha Basu). The couples quickly become friends and decide to go on a Christmas vacation together to Mauritius. During their vacation, Raj sees Vikram with another woman, kissing and looking intimate. At the same time, Sonia begins to try to seduce Raj, who rejects her. Vikram notices Raj looking at Sonia and casually talks to him about wife swapping, this upsets Raj and an argument breaks out between the two men. However, a couple of days later, they resolve their issues and become friends again. On Vikram's birthday, the two men celebrate by getting drunk together, sharing bottles of alcohol. Once again, Vikram brings up the topic of wife swapping, which Raj rebuffs, but still both men end up in opposite houses. The next day Raj wakes up to find a seminaked woman in bed and realizes he is in Vicky's house."], "answer": {"text": "Akshay Kumar", "answer_start": 637}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this movie come out?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#6", "question": "Was she  in any other movies?", "rewrite": "Was Bipasha Basu in any other movies besides Ajnabee?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others.", "Ajnabee (2001 film)  Ajnabee () is a 2001 Indian Hindi suspense thriller film directed by Abbas-Mustan and produced by Vijay Galani. It stars Bobby Deol, Akshay Kumar, Kareena Kapoor Khan and Bipasha Basu in the lead, with Johnny Lever, Dalip Tahil, Narendra Bedi and Sharat Saxena in supporting roles. The film is an adaptation of the 1992 American thriller \"Consenting Adults\", directed by Alan J. Pakula. It was the second film of Akshay Kumar and Abbas-Mustan after \"Khiladi\" and the second film of Bobby Deol and Abbas-Mustan after \"Soldier\". Raj (Bobby Deol) and Priya (Kareena Kapoor) meet by chance and fall in love after a whirlwind romance. They marry and reside in Switzerland, where they meet another Indian couple: Vikram (Akshay Kumar) and Sonia (Bipasha Basu). The couples quickly become friends and decide to go on a Christmas vacation together to Mauritius. During their vacation, Raj sees Vikram with another woman, kissing and looking intimate. At the same time, Sonia begins to try to seduce Raj, who rejects her. Vikram notices Raj looking at Sonia and casually talks to him about wife swapping, this upsets Raj and an argument breaks out between the two men. However, a couple of days later, they resolve their issues and become friends again. On Vikram's birthday, the two men celebrate by getting drunk together, sharing bottles of alcohol. Once again, Vikram brings up the topic of wife swapping, which Raj rebuffs, but still both men end up in opposite houses. The next day Raj wakes up to find a seminaked woman in bed and realizes he is in Vicky's house.", "Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.", "Lamhaa  Lamhaa () is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Rahul Dholakia. It stars Sanjay Dutt, Bipasha Basu, Anupam Kher and Kunal Kapoor in the leading roles. The film follows an Indian Army officer sent undercover to find the culprit behind extremist attacks in Kashmir, where he is helped by the daughter of a separatist leader. The film released on 16 July 2010. Indian Military Intelligence assigns their agent, Vikram Sabharwal, to travel to Kashmir. There he is to locate the person(s) behind the violence, under the guise of a press reporter, Gul Jahangir. Once there, he begins his investigation by visiting highly sensitive areas as such as the Jama Masjid, Dardpura Village and Rainawari Chowk. He is accompanied by a tailor, Char Chinar, who sells uniforms to both militants and the underpaid military soldiers. Vikram meets up with Aziza Abbas Ansari, and her mentor, Haji Sayyed Shah, and aspiring political leader, Aatif Hussain. And it is after these meetings that he will conclude who is behind the extremism in this beautiful yet 'most dangerous place on Earth'. Karisma Kapoor was finalised to play the female lead, but she opted out at the last minute because she feared shooting in the troubled Kashmir valley where a significant part was going to be shot. Bipasha Basu, Ameesha Patel and Sonam Kapoor were considered for the same role, and Basu was finalised to play the female lead. Filming began in Kashmir on 25 October 2008. During November 2008, Bipasha Basu left the shooting hours before Sanjay Dutt landed in Srinagar to start shooting with her \u2014 without informing the unit. They decided to shoot the action sequences in Manali instead."], "answer": {"text": "In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz.", "answer_start": 979}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this movie come out?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were their any other well known actors in this movie?", "answer": {"text": "Akshay Kumar", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#7", "question": "Did she receive any awards for that movie?", "rewrite": "Did Bipasha Basu receive any awards for Raaz?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "Raaz (2002 film)  Raaz () is a 2002 Indian horror film directed by Vikram Bhatt and produced by Mukesh Bhatt, Kumar S. Taurani, Ramesh S. Taurani. The film stars Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea as a couple who have moved to Ooty to save their failing marriage. However, what they find in their new home is more than they expected when a ghost starts haunting the place. The wife, Sanjana suddenly finds that her husband is part of the ghostly conspiracy, which she must fix to escape. The film is an unofficial adaptation of \"What Lies Beneath\". The film was dubbed in Tamil and Telugu as \"Rahasyam\". It was the second-highest-grossing film of the year 2002 behind \"Devdas\", and the first instalment in the \"Raaz series\". Bipasha Basu was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actress Award and won major awards and took the film on her name. Right after her debut film she struck a blockbuster and got placed herself top in the Bollywood industry. \" Raaz\" also marked the debut of actress Malini Sharma. Nadeem-Shravan's music earned them several nominations and awards. A sequel to the film was released in 2009, under the title of \"\" and the third instalment of the series titled \"Raaz 3\" was released on 7 September 2012. A fourth film, \"Raaz Reboot\", has been released recently on 16 September 2016. The film starts with a group of college students enjoying a picnic in a beautiful forest in Ooty. One of the girls, Nisha (Mink Brar) in that group, dies after being attacked under mysterious circumstances outside a bungalow in front of the forest. She had attacked her boyfriend too, who, though injured, managed to live on.", "List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others.", "The original choice for the female lead of the film was Jacqueline Fernandez, but she had later dropped out due to not wanting to establish herself as a Bollywood sex symbol, as she was uncomfortable with a scene where cockroaches attack her and she had to be topless in front of 300 people. Fernandez was later replaced with \"Jannat 2\" debutant, Esha Gupta. Bipasha Basu(main female lead and antagonist) will be playing the role of an actress who is a \"prisoner of fame\". Actor Dino Morea and actress Kangana Ranaut, who were a part of \"Raaz\" and \"Raaz - The Mystery Continues\" respectively are not a part of the film. Emraan Hashmi will be playing the male lead. The film began shooting on 29 January 2012, director Vikram Bhatt explained how confident he is that the film should be completed sometime in Summer 2012 and that \"Raaz 3\" is amongst his most important films. The \"Raaz 3\" trailer was originally scheduled to be attached with the prints of Rohit Shetty's \"Bol Bachchan\" on 6 July 2012. However, it was delayed multiple times due to censoring. The theatrical trailer was officially launched on 30 July 2012 for the media, as confirmed by actress Bipasha Basu. Despite being widely speculated that it would be released to the public also, this was proven false. Later, the theatrical trailer was unveiled for the public as it was released online a day later on 31 July 2012. The theatrical trailer will also be in theatres on 3 August 2012 with Pooja Bhatt's \"Jism 2\", as they are both under the Vishesh Films banner.", "Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress."], "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz.", "answer_start": 1305}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this movie come out?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were their any other well known actors in this movie?", "answer": {"text": "Akshay Kumar", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she  in any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz.", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#8", "question": "Was this a box office hit?", "rewrite": "Was Raaz a box office hit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["However, in the same phase he did deliver moderately successful films like \"Deewane Huye Paagal\" and the semi-biopic \"Ankahee\". In 2008, Bhatt came back with the horror genre and he delivered three films that were successful at the box office; these include \"1920\". \" Shaapit\" and \"Haunted \u2013 3D\". In 2010, Bhatt introduced stereoscopic 3D for the first time in India with his film Haunted \u2013 3D; the film was released in May 2011 and it then set the record of the highest grossing Hindi horror film of all time, making Rs. 270 million at the box office. In 2012, Bhatt's Raaz 3D recorded domestic box office collection of 729 million after the 3rd weekend and the overseas collection was at 46 million. Riding high with the success, Bhatt is writing another horror-thriller for Bipasha in the central role, with a more shocking image than Raaz 3. Following the success of Raaz 3, Vikram Bhatt's written Hindi horror movie which has been directed by debutant Bhushan Patel topped the first weekend collection chart at the box office and the approximate collection was Rs 124.3 million nett. The movie further collected approx Rs 37.5 million nett in the second Weekend, taking the total to Rs 228.6 million nett. The film has been declared a 'Hit'. Soon after, Bhatt signed a deal with Bhushan Kumar's T-Series to produce 5 films of sci-fi, thriller and horror genre. Two of the films will be directed by Bhatt himself. In early 2013, Bhatt announced his upcoming projects, Creature 3D, India's First 3D Monster Movie with Bipasha Basu in the lead role and 1920 London, third in the 1920 series.", "Raaz: The Mystery Continues Raaz: The Mystery Continues, shortened as RTMC, (, English: \" Secret: The Mystery Continues\") is 2009 Indian supernatural horror film directed by Mohit Suri and starring Emraan Hashmi, Kangana Ranaut and Adhyayan Suman. The film is the second film in the \"Raaz series\", but story-wise, it is not a direct sequel to the 2002 film \"Raaz\". The film deals with issues of the ghosts which are allegedly prevalent in India and the world around us. The film attempts to challenge one's beliefs about paranormal phenomena. Emraan Hashmi plays a painter, named Prithvi, who has an extraordinary gift, the ability to paint the future. His paintings tell Nandita's (Kangana Ranaut) future. The film opened to theaters on 23 January 2009. It received generally mixed reviews and became a \"semi hit\" at the box office. A third installment in the \"Raaz series\" was released in 2013 with Emraan Hashmi in the lead. Some of the scenes of the movie were similar to those of the Hollywood movies \" The Ring 2\" and \"Gothika\". It was first in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"Raaz 3D\" and \"\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell in the same genre following a similar story. The story starts with an American visiting the Kalindi Temple at night. There he sees the priest of the temple in a horrific state \u2013 he had slit his body with a scythe and had written 'Om' on his body. The man, horrified by what he is seeing, flees from there.", "The opening at single screens later picked up to an excellent occupancy of 70%\u2013100% over the noon and matinees shows. Raaz 3 went on to collecting approx. on its opening day, thus becoming the sixteenth film ever to cross the mark on the opening day itself. The film then went on to collecting approx. on its second day. The film then collected approx. on its third day, taking its opening weekend total to , thus making it the sixth biggest weekend grosser of 2012 for a Bollywood release. Raaz 3 had a huge first week where it had collected . Raaz 3 collected nett in its second weekend taking its ten-day collection to nett. It had collected in its second week and in its third week to make a total of domestically. The film ultimately grossed domestically and worldwide. \" Box Office India\" declared the film as a \"Super Hit\". \"Raaz 3\" did not do as well overseas, as it approximately collected around US$1 million (55 million) plus in ten days. The film was not released in the UAE, which has been noted to have hit it hard, as it could have been the film's best International market and added another $250,000 plus in revenue. Raaz 3 was declared average by box office India. Hossing However,it became the highest grossing Emraan Hashmi film in the overseas. A fourth film in the series, titled \"Raaz Reboot\" released on 16 September 2016 .", "Vijay Raaz Vijay Raaz is an Indian film actor . His breakthrough came when he played the role of Dubeyji in the movie \"Monsoon Wedding\" in 2001. In 2014, he debuted as a director with \"Kya Dilli Kya Lahore\". Raaz was born in Delhi on 17 July 1969. During his studies at P.G.D.A.V. College, University of Delhi, he was a part of the dramatic society. He decided to focus on film career and moved to Mumbai where he bagged a small but significant role in Ram Gopal Varma's \"Jungle\". Naseeruddin Shah had seen him perform at the NSD and recommended him to Mahesh Mathai for \"Bhopal Express\" and to Mira Nair for \"Monsoon Wedding\". After the success of \"Monsoon Wedding\", Raaz received many roles. His first mainstream film cast as the leading actor was \"Raghu Romeo\", a box office success where Raaz depicts the life of a confused lower-class Indian fellow. Raaz garnered massive recognition for his comedic role in the 2004 film \"Run\". In 2011, he played a ruthless gangster in \"Delhi Belly\". His gruff baritone voice makes Raaz a much sought after Voice-Over artist too. He has lent his voice to various films and ad commercials.", "Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively."], "answer": {"text": "it established Basu in the Hindi film industry.", "answer_start": 1073}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this movie come out?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were their any other well known actors in this movie?", "answer": {"text": "Akshay Kumar", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she  in any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz.", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she receive any awards for that movie?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz.", "answer_start": 1305, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#9", "question": "Did she act in any other movies?", "rewrite": "Did Bipasha Basu act in any other movies besides Ajnabee and Raaz?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "One of the judges of the Godrej Cinthol Supermodel Contest in which Basu participated, Vinod Khanna, wanted to launch her alongside his son Akshaye Khanna in Himalay Putra, but she felt she was too young and declined the role, which eventually went to Anjala Zaveri. After returning home, she was convinced by Jaya Bachchan to star opposite her son Abhishek Bachchan in J. P. Dutta's Aakhari Mughal. However, the film was cancelled, and Dutta instead changed the script and made Refugee with Kareena Kapoor. Basu was also offered a role in Refugee opposite Sunil Shetty, which she declined. In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee. The film, directed by Abbas-Mustan, was inspired by the American film Consenting Adults. It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics. However, Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz. Directed by Vikram Bhatt, it established Basu in the Hindi film industry. Her portrayal of a woman who is pursued by a spirit received positive reviews. One review in The Tribune noted, \"... it is Bipasha Basu who steals the show with her fine performance.\" She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz. She was appreciated in a supporting role in Sanjay Gadhvi's Mere Yaar Ki Shaadi Hai, a moderate critical and commercial success. However, in David Dhawan's Chor Machaaye Shor, was her first commercial failure.", "Raaz (2002 film)  Raaz () is a 2002 Indian horror film directed by Vikram Bhatt and produced by Mukesh Bhatt, Kumar S. Taurani, Ramesh S. Taurani. The film stars Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea as a couple who have moved to Ooty to save their failing marriage. However, what they find in their new home is more than they expected when a ghost starts haunting the place. The wife, Sanjana suddenly finds that her husband is part of the ghostly conspiracy, which she must fix to escape. The film is an unofficial adaptation of \"What Lies Beneath\". The film was dubbed in Tamil and Telugu as \"Rahasyam\". It was the second-highest-grossing film of the year 2002 behind \"Devdas\", and the first instalment in the \"Raaz series\". Bipasha Basu was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actress Award and won major awards and took the film on her name. Right after her debut film she struck a blockbuster and got placed herself top in the Bollywood industry. \" Raaz\" also marked the debut of actress Malini Sharma. Nadeem-Shravan's music earned them several nominations and awards. A sequel to the film was released in 2009, under the title of \"\" and the third instalment of the series titled \"Raaz 3\" was released on 7 September 2012. A fourth film, \"Raaz Reboot\", has been released recently on 16 September 2016. The film starts with a group of college students enjoying a picnic in a beautiful forest in Ooty. One of the girls, Nisha (Mink Brar) in that group, dies after being attacked under mysterious circumstances outside a bungalow in front of the forest. She had attacked her boyfriend too, who, though injured, managed to live on.", "List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others.", "Bipasha Basu filmography Bipasha Basu is an Indian actress who has featured in over 50 films, predominantly in Bollywood. After a successful career as a model, she made her film debut with a supporting role in Abbas\u2013Mustan's thriller \"Ajnabee\" (2001), which won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Basu followed this with a role in her first Telugu cinemathe action film \"Takkari Donga\" (2002). She had her first major success with the supernatural thriller \"Raaz\" (2002), which earned Basu her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. The following year, she starred opposite John Abraham in the erotic thriller \"Jism\", in which she played a seductive wife. She received a Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role nomination for the film. Her roles in these films established her as a sex symbol. Basu followed this initial success with roles in a series of commercial failures, including the thrillers \"Aetbaar\", \"Rudraksh\", \"Rakht\"\u2014all in 2004\u2014and the romance \"Barsaat\" (2005). She later featured in Prakash Jha's crime drama \"Apaharan\" (2005) and the ensemble comedy \"No Entry\" (2005). The latter emerged as a financial success, grossing at the box office, and Basu's role of an escort earned her a nomination for the Best Supporting Actress at the 51st Filmfare Awards. Basu had seven film releases in 2006. Her role as an executive at a conglomerate in Madhur Bhandarkar's drama \"Corporate\" earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress."], "answer": {"text": "David Dhawan's Chor Machaaye Shor,", "answer_start": 1514}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this movie come out?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were their any other well known actors in this movie?", "answer": {"text": "Akshay Kumar", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she  in any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz.", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she receive any awards for that movie?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz.", "answer_start": 1305, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a box office hit?", "answer": {"text": "it established Basu in the Hindi film industry.", "answer_start": 1073, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9e4f474728d84e99b44cb315f5c7b726_0_q#10", "question": "Did she ever retire from acting?", "rewrite": "Did Bipasha Basu ever retire from acting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of awards and nominations received by Bipasha Basu Bipasha Basu is an Indian Actress who appears in Hindi language films. She has also worked in Telugu, Bengali and Tamil language films. She had a successful modeling career before venturing into films. She debuted in a negative role in \"Ajnabee\" (2001) which earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut. Her first commercial success was \"Raaz\" (2002). She was then noticed for her bold role in the erotic thriller film, \"Jism\" (2003). She starred in top-grossing films like \u2013 \"No Entry\" (2005), \"Phir Hera Pheri\", \"Dhoom 2\" (both 2006) \u2013 her biggest commercial success till date and \"Race\" (2008). Her performances in \"Apharan\" (2005), \"Corporate\" (2006) and \"Bachna Ae Haseeno\" (2008) won her much praise and multiple nominations for several awards. She then appeared in commercial successful films such as \" \" (2009), \"Raaz 3\" (2012) and also her roles being highly praised by film critics. She made her international film debut with the 2013 Australian film \"The Lovers\". Having done so, Bipasha Basu has established herself as a leading contemporary actress in Bollywood and is a household name. She has been nominated twice for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress three times along with one nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role. Roles apart, she is renowned for her item songs like \"Phoonk De\" in \"No Smoking\" (2007), and \"Beedi\" and \"Namak Ishq Ka\" in \"Omkara\" (2006) amongst others.", "Aa Dekhen Zara Aa Dekhen Zara () is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language science fiction thriller film written by Sheershak Anand , starring Neil Nitin Mukesh, who plays a photo journalist, and Bipasha Basu, as a disc jockey. The film is the directorial debut of Jehangir Surti. Ray Acharya (Neil Nitin Mukesh), a struggling photographer has nothing going for him\u2026 until he inherits a very 'special' camera from his grandfather who was a scientist. Then his life changes in a way that he could not have imagined in his wildest dreams. The photographs produced by the camera predict the future. Ray uses the camera to obtain winning lottery numbers, winning horses, and also stock prices. His life becomes one big roller coaster ride that takes him from rags to riches and also helps him meet the love of his life, Simi (Bipasha Basu), a DJ with a mind of her own. However Captain (Rahul Dev) finds out and chases Ray to get the camera for himself. Security authorities also chase Ray as they are aware that Ray's grandfather was trying to create a camera that can predict the future. The chase leads them to Bangkok where the climax unfolds. The movie was initially known as \"Freeze\". But in an interview, Vikram Rajani, the executive director of Eros Entertainment said, \"What is \"Freeze\"? The movie was always called \"Aa Dekhen Zara\". I do not know how people called the movie \"Freeze\". That was just a working title we had in mind. We have the title \"Aa Dekhen Zara\" registered long time back\". Bipasha Basu performed opposite Neil Mukesh for the first time with this film.", "Raaz 3D Raaz 3D (also known as Raaz 3: The Third Dimension) () is a Bollywood horror thriller film directed by Vikram Bhatt, and produced by Mahesh Bhatt and Mukesh Bhatt. The movie features Bipasha Basu , Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta as main characters. The film is the third installment in the \"Raaz series\", being a sequel to \"\", which itself was a sequel to \"Raaz\" which starred Bipasha Basu and Dino Morea. Bipasha Basu, who was a part of the first film of the \"Raaz\" series, made a comeback to the series after opting out of the second film. It was one of the films in a series of quasi-sequels released under the Bhatt Banner including \"\", \"Murder 2\", \"Jannat 2\", \"Jism 2\", \"\", \"Murder 3\" and \"Aashiqui 2\", each of which had nothing to do with their respective prequels, but somehow fell into the same genre following a similar story. The film released on 6 September 2012 to positive reviews while Basu's role received critical acclaim. The film garnered overwhelming box office collections and was declared a \"Super Hit\" at the box office. It emerged as a major commercial success in India and is the highest-grossing film in the \"Raaz\" trilogy as well as the highest grossing Hindi horror film ever. The film is also the first 3D super hit of India and the second highest-grossing film of Vishesh Films. It was also called a \"3D Blockbuster\" in the Indian media. The film is also currently the highest-grossing film of Emraan Hashmi and Esha Gupta, beating \"Murder 2\" and \"Jannat 2\", respectively.", "Lamhaa  Lamhaa () is a 2010 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film written and directed by Rahul Dholakia. It stars Sanjay Dutt, Bipasha Basu, Anupam Kher and Kunal Kapoor in the leading roles. The film follows an Indian Army officer sent undercover to find the culprit behind extremist attacks in Kashmir, where he is helped by the daughter of a separatist leader. The film released on 16 July 2010. Indian Military Intelligence assigns their agent, Vikram Sabharwal, to travel to Kashmir. There he is to locate the person(s) behind the violence, under the guise of a press reporter, Gul Jahangir. Once there, he begins his investigation by visiting highly sensitive areas as such as the Jama Masjid, Dardpura Village and Rainawari Chowk. He is accompanied by a tailor, Char Chinar, who sells uniforms to both militants and the underpaid military soldiers. Vikram meets up with Aziza Abbas Ansari, and her mentor, Haji Sayyed Shah, and aspiring political leader, Aatif Hussain. And it is after these meetings that he will conclude who is behind the extremism in this beautiful yet 'most dangerous place on Earth'. Karisma Kapoor was finalised to play the female lead, but she opted out at the last minute because she feared shooting in the troubled Kashmir valley where a significant part was going to be shot. Bipasha Basu, Ameesha Patel and Sonam Kapoor were considered for the same role, and Basu was finalised to play the female lead. Filming began in Kashmir on 25 October 2008. During November 2008, Bipasha Basu left the shooting hours before Sanjay Dutt landed in Srinagar to start shooting with her \u2014 without informing the unit. They decided to shoot the action sequences in Manali instead.", "Alone (2015 Hindi film) Alone is a 2015 Indian horror film directed by Bhushan Patel, starring Bipasha Basu and Karan Singh Grover. The film is a remake of the 2007 Thai film of the same name, which was itself based on the \"Tales From The Crypt\" episode \"My Brothers Keeper\". The movie starts on a stormy night in Kerala. A large tree branch falls and breaks the roof of an outhouse. The woman inspecting the outhouse ends up in a hospital. In another town, the woman's daughter, Sanjana (Bipasha Basu), and her husband, Kabir (Karan Singh Grover), argue about not being able to celebrate her birthday together. Sanjana gets a call about her mother's accident and they quickly fly to Kerala. In Kerala, Sanjana begins having visions that make her believe her dead conjoined twin's soul is after her. Her husband does not believe her and sends her to his former professor for spiritual healing. During the treatment period, she tells the professor about how her conjoined twin sister Anjana (Bipasha Basu) always hated that Kabir liked Sanjana more than her. In fact, it was when Kabir told Sanjana that he was coming back home from abroad that Sanjana decided to separate from Anjana. It was during this operation that Anjana died, and Sanjana blames herself for her sister's death. The professor reassures Sanjana that her visions of Anjana are the result of her guilt and only a figment of her subconscious mind. At her mother's place that night, Sanjana is forced into the outhouse by an unseen entity. Hearing noises, Kabir wakes up and finds her unconscious in the outhouse. When Sanjana awakes, she is possessed by Anjana's soul."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Bipasha Basu's debut?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001, Basu finally made her debut opposite Akshay Kumar in Vijay Galani's Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did this help her become well known?", "answer": {"text": "It was a moderate box-office success and attracted unfavorable reviews from critics.", "answer_start": 766, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she receive unfavorable reviews?", "answer": {"text": "Basu's performance in a negative role was appreciated by critics and won her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut.", "answer_start": 860, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the movie?", "answer": {"text": "Ajnabee.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did this movie come out?", "answer": {"text": "In 2001,", "answer_start": 591, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were their any other well known actors in this movie?", "answer": {"text": "Akshay Kumar", "answer_start": 637, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she  in any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "In 2002, Basu starred in the year's most successful thriller, Raaz.", "answer_start": 979, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she receive any awards for that movie?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raaz.", "answer_start": 1305, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a box office hit?", "answer": {"text": "it established Basu in the Hindi film industry.", "answer_start": 1073, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she act in any other movies?", "answer": {"text": "David Dhawan's Chor Machaaye Shor,", "answer_start": 1514, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_93188d0b09c1437e824e042b420a4506_1_q#0", "question": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "rewrite": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cherokee Nation The Cherokee Nation (Cherokee: \u13e3\u13b3\u13a9\u13af \u13a0\u13f0\u13b5, \"Tsalagihi Ayeli\" or \u13e3\u13b3\u13a9\u13f0\u13b5 \"Tsalagiyehli\"), also known as the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, is the largest of three Cherokee federally recognized tribes in the United States. It was established in the 20th century and includes people descended from members of the Old Cherokee Nation who relocated from the Southeast due to increasing pressure to Indian Territory and Cherokee who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen, Absentee Shawnee, and Natchez Nation. Over 299,862 people are enrolled in the Cherokee Nation, with 189,228 living within the state of Oklahoma. According to Larry Echo Hawk (in 2009), former head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the current Cherokee Nation is not the historical Cherokee tribe but instead a \"successor in interest,\" though this argument was rejected by the Cherokee Nation. Headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, the Cherokee Nation has a tribal jurisdictional area spanning 14 counties in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma. These are Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Mayes, McIntosh, Muskogee, Nowata, Ottawa, Rogers, Sequoyah, Tulsa, Wagoner, and Washington counties. During 1898\u20131906, beginning with the Curtis Act of 1898, the United States federal government all but dissolved the former Cherokee Nation's governmental and civic institutions, to make way for the incorporation of Indian Territory into the new state of Oklahoma. From 1906 to 1938, the structure and function of the tribal government was not clearly defined. After the dissolution of the tribal government of the Cherokee Nation in the 1900s and the death of William Charles Rogers in 1917, the Federal government began to appoint chiefs to the Cherokee Nation in 1919.", "The alternate, obovate leaves are up to in length and turn a bright orange-red in the fall. Although difficult to transplant, once established, \"F. alatamaha\" can live a century or more. \"Franklinia alatamaha\" fruit develop slowly. The seed capsules require 12\u201314 months to mature. When ripe the pentavalved spherical capsules split above and below in a unique manner. Anecdotal evidence suggests viable seed production is enhanced where two or more plants are present in close proximity. Philadelphia botanists John and William Bartram first observed the tree growing along the Altamaha River near Fort Barrington in the British colony of Georgia in October 1765. John Bartram recorded \"severall very curious shrubs\" in his journal entry for October 1, 1765. William Bartram returned several times to the same location on the Altamaha during a collecting trip to the American South, funded by Dr. John Fothergill of London. William Bartram collected \"F. alatamaha\" seeds during this extended trip to the South from 1773 through 1776, a journey described in his book \"Bartram's Travels\" published in Philadelphia in 1791. William Bartram brought seed back to Philadelphia in 1777 at which time William reported to his father that he had relocated the plant, but this time had been able to retrieve its seeds although it was not until after John's death (1777) that he was able to achieve flowering plants (1781). After several years of study, William Bartram assigned the \u201crare and elegant flowering shrub\u201d to a new genus \"Franklinia\", named in honor of his father's great friend Benjamin Franklin.", "The Georgia portion of the trail is entirely in the Chattooga River District of the Chattahoochee National Forest and is managed by the United States Forest Service. The southern terminus of the Bartram Trail is at its intersection with Georgia State Route 28 at the South Carolina state line. The trail connects into South Carolina along the Chattooga Trail, joining with the Foothills Trail, which is also a designated National Recreation Trail. In North Carolina, the Bartram Trail meanders near the mountainous towns of Franklin, Highlands, Andrews, Robbinsville, and Nantahala. It includes Wayah Bald, which is the highest point on the trail and where it crosses the Appalachian Trail. There is an optional canoe section on the Little Tennessee River. The William Bartram Scenic & Historic Highway, named in honor of the botanist's travels in Florida, runs along the east side of the St. Johns River from Jacksonville south to northwestern St. Johns County on State Road 13. Bartram Trail High School at St. Johns, Florida (just south of Jacksonville) is named for the scenic highway and Bartram's exploration route around the Northern St. Johns County area. The long Bartram Canoe Trail system of canoe and kayak trails in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta is one of the longest in the United States. It is operated by the Alabama Department of Conservation and offers canoeists and kayakers 13 different routes to choose from, including three routes with floating campsites. Named for William Bartram, it represents a small section of Bartram's travels by boat on the Mobile, Tensaw and Tombigbee Rivers in the summer of 1775. The William Bartram Arboretum () is located within Fort Toulouse Park, near Wetumpka, Alabama and is named in honor of the 18th century naturalist, who visited the area in 1776.", "Bartram's Travels  Bartram's \"Travels\" is the short title of naturalist William Bartram's book describing his travels in the American South and encounters with American Indians between 1773 and 1777. The book was published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1791 by the firm of James & Johnson. The book's full title is \"Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians.\" William Bartram was a Quaker and the son of naturalist John Bartram. In 1772, Dr. John Fothergill of London commissioned William Bartram to explore the Florida territories, collecting seeds, making drawings, and taking specimens of unfamiliar plants. Bartram sailed from Philadelphia in March 1773, explored Georgia, and began exploring East Florida in March 1774, especially the St. Johns River and the Alachua Savanna peopled by Seminole Indians. Returning to Charleston, Bartram set out for the southern Appalachians and the Cherokee country in April 1775, unaware that war had broken out in New England. Bartram crossed the Chattahoochee River into what later became the state of Alabama, then traveled to Mobile and Pensacola. Despite illness, he continued his journey west along the Gulf coast and up the Mississippi River beyond Baton Rouge. Sailing again to Mobile, he traveled inland late in the year to the Creek Indian settlements on the Tallapoosa River. In January 1776 Bartram returned to Georgia, shipped the last of his plant specimens to London from Savannah, and returned home to Philadelphia. The sequence of his journey is not reproduced exactly in \"Bartram's Travels\". Between 1774 and 1776", "Cherokee Nation Businesses Cherokee Nation Businesses, LLC (CNB) is an American conglomerate holding company headquartered in Catoosa, Oklahoma, that oversees and manages a number of subsidiary companies. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, who claim they are largest Native American tribe by population in the United States, but are not lawfully recognized by the United States Congress. The council controls less than fifty percent of CNB. CNB operates in the following industries: aerospace and defense, hospitality and entertainment, environmental and construction services, information technology, healthcare, and security and safety. Cherokee Nation Businesses was established on June 16, 2004. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. The tribe exerts control over the operations of CNB through the Board of Directors. Upon its establishment, CNB became responsible for providing \"strategic direction\" to all Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma-owned businesses, to diversify the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business holdings, and to act as a holding company for some Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business investments. CNB receives revenues from its subsidiaries in order to fund the expansion of existing firms and the acquisition of new ones. CNB was established to diversify its business interests of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. At its establishment, pursuant to the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Corporation Reform Act of 2002\", 25% of all CNB profits were to be reinvested with the Tribal Government as dividend payment. Pursuant to the provisions of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Jobs Growth Act of 2005\", CNB became the holding company for all business enterprises, including Cherokee Nation Entertainment (CNE) and Cherokee Nation Industries (CNI). CNE was transferred to CNB ownership in 2006 and CNI was transferred in 2008. Prior to these transfers ownership of CNE and CNI were held directly by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma."], "answer": {"text": "On April 22, 1775 Bartram left Charleston, South Carolina on horseback to explore the Cherokee Nation.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_93188d0b09c1437e824e042b420a4506_1_q#1", "question": "Did others accompany him?", "rewrite": "Did others accompany William Bartram?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Richard Bartram  Richard Bartram (1749\u20131826) was the English Consul of Civita Vecchia in the early 19th century and involved in the saving of the Jacobite Royal Papers. Bartram was born in Trimingham, Norfolk, in 1749 the only son of Captain Richard Bartram of Great Yarmouth Norfolk. His tombstone records: Bartram however did have a sister and later his niece and nephew tried to challenge his will which left everything to his relative Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram refers to Cubbitt Engall Bartram as his nephew but is actually more distantly related. Bartram is a first cousin of Cubbitt's grandfather William Bartram (born 1744). There is interesting correspondence between the Reverend William Gunn of Smallburgh Norfolk and the Bartrams in Civita Vecchia. Cubitt first arrived in Civita Vecchia in 1820 to join his relative Richard Bartram and became his heir. The Norfolk Record Office archive on William Gunn states: Cubbitt Bartram was also joined by his brother John Bartram in Civita Vecchia in the business. Bartram was visited by his Jacobite relative Sir Robert Bartram (1761\u20131844) of Norfolk (a grandson of Sir James Alexander Wright Bt the Last Royal Governor of Georgia)in 1795. Robert Bartram was an uncle of Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram introduced Robert to his future wife Anna Modin (Maiden/Maidman), an Italian Jew who was a granddaughter of Prince Henry Stuart and his Jewish mistress (before he entered the Church). Robert's sons Sir James Bartram of Metton and William John Bartram of Aylmerton were also Jacobites (connected with Sir Henry Drummond and Joseph Wolff) who also visited Richard Bartram and their cousins Cubbitt and John Bartram in Civita Vecchia.", "The Georgia portion of the trail is entirely in the Chattooga River District of the Chattahoochee National Forest and is managed by the United States Forest Service. The southern terminus of the Bartram Trail is at its intersection with Georgia State Route 28 at the South Carolina state line. The trail connects into South Carolina along the Chattooga Trail, joining with the Foothills Trail, which is also a designated National Recreation Trail. In North Carolina, the Bartram Trail meanders near the mountainous towns of Franklin, Highlands, Andrews, Robbinsville, and Nantahala. It includes Wayah Bald, which is the highest point on the trail and where it crosses the Appalachian Trail. There is an optional canoe section on the Little Tennessee River. The William Bartram Scenic & Historic Highway, named in honor of the botanist's travels in Florida, runs along the east side of the St. Johns River from Jacksonville south to northwestern St. Johns County on State Road 13. Bartram Trail High School at St. Johns, Florida (just south of Jacksonville) is named for the scenic highway and Bartram's exploration route around the Northern St. Johns County area. The long Bartram Canoe Trail system of canoe and kayak trails in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta is one of the longest in the United States. It is operated by the Alabama Department of Conservation and offers canoeists and kayakers 13 different routes to choose from, including three routes with floating campsites. Named for William Bartram, it represents a small section of Bartram's travels by boat on the Mobile, Tensaw and Tombigbee Rivers in the summer of 1775. The William Bartram Arboretum () is located within Fort Toulouse Park, near Wetumpka, Alabama and is named in honor of the 18th century naturalist, who visited the area in 1776.", "The 2006-2007 school year saw 64% of the students who took the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) score the necessary 3 or above in the reading portion of the test and 89% score above the mark on the mathematics section. The FCAT Writing scores saw 92% of the students scoring a 3.5 or above. Bartram Trail can give the graduating seniors a choice of scholarships they can apply for, through the school, to get started with college. In 2006, seven Bartram Trail students earned scholarships when they became finalists in the National Merit Scholarship Program. The 2006-2007 school year graduation rate was 87.1% with only a 1.0% drop out rate. Bartram Trail High School was founded in 2000 and was named after the William Bartram Scenic Highway and Bartram Trail exploration route in the Northern St. Johns County area, and not after William Bartram himself. Bartram Trail and Pedro Menendez High School were constructed to relieve overcrowding at Allen D. Nease Senior High School and St. Augustine High School. Bartram Trail and Pedro Menendez were the first new high schools built in the St. Johns County School District in twenty years, since Nease was opened in 1981. However, as the second school year at Bartram Trail began, the original capacity of 1,500 was exceeded with an enrollment of 1,529. By the 2002 school year, enrollment was at 1,840, more than 300 students above capacity. In 2004, the school district projected Bartram Trail's 2007-2008 enrollment at over 3,000. To reduce overcrowding at Bartram Trail and Nease High School, two new high schools, Ponte Vedra High School and Creekside High School, were constructed and opened for the 2008-2009 school year.", "The alternate, obovate leaves are up to in length and turn a bright orange-red in the fall. Although difficult to transplant, once established, \"F. alatamaha\" can live a century or more. \"Franklinia alatamaha\" fruit develop slowly. The seed capsules require 12\u201314 months to mature. When ripe the pentavalved spherical capsules split above and below in a unique manner. Anecdotal evidence suggests viable seed production is enhanced where two or more plants are present in close proximity. Philadelphia botanists John and William Bartram first observed the tree growing along the Altamaha River near Fort Barrington in the British colony of Georgia in October 1765. John Bartram recorded \"severall very curious shrubs\" in his journal entry for October 1, 1765. William Bartram returned several times to the same location on the Altamaha during a collecting trip to the American South, funded by Dr. John Fothergill of London. William Bartram collected \"F. alatamaha\" seeds during this extended trip to the South from 1773 through 1776, a journey described in his book \"Bartram's Travels\" published in Philadelphia in 1791. William Bartram brought seed back to Philadelphia in 1777 at which time William reported to his father that he had relocated the plant, but this time had been able to retrieve its seeds although it was not until after John's death (1777) that he was able to achieve flowering plants (1781). After several years of study, William Bartram assigned the \u201crare and elegant flowering shrub\u201d to a new genus \"Franklinia\", named in honor of his father's great friend Benjamin Franklin.", "Bartram's Travels  Bartram's \"Travels\" is the short title of naturalist William Bartram's book describing his travels in the American South and encounters with American Indians between 1773 and 1777. The book was published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1791 by the firm of James & Johnson. The book's full title is \"Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians.\" William Bartram was a Quaker and the son of naturalist John Bartram. In 1772, Dr. John Fothergill of London commissioned William Bartram to explore the Florida territories, collecting seeds, making drawings, and taking specimens of unfamiliar plants. Bartram sailed from Philadelphia in March 1773, explored Georgia, and began exploring East Florida in March 1774, especially the St. Johns River and the Alachua Savanna peopled by Seminole Indians. Returning to Charleston, Bartram set out for the southern Appalachians and the Cherokee country in April 1775, unaware that war had broken out in New England. Bartram crossed the Chattahoochee River into what later became the state of Alabama, then traveled to Mobile and Pensacola. Despite illness, he continued his journey west along the Gulf coast and up the Mississippi River beyond Baton Rouge. Sailing again to Mobile, he traveled inland late in the year to the Creek Indian settlements on the Tallapoosa River. In January 1776 Bartram returned to Georgia, shipped the last of his plant specimens to London from Savannah, and returned home to Philadelphia. The sequence of his journey is not reproduced exactly in \"Bartram's Travels\". Between 1774 and 1776"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "On April 22, 1775 Bartram left Charleston, South Carolina on horseback to explore the Cherokee Nation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_93188d0b09c1437e824e042b420a4506_1_q#2", "question": "Where was the Cherokee nation?", "rewrite": "Where was the Cherokee nation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cherokee Nation Businesses Cherokee Nation Businesses, LLC (CNB) is an American conglomerate holding company headquartered in Catoosa, Oklahoma, that oversees and manages a number of subsidiary companies. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, who claim they are largest Native American tribe by population in the United States, but are not lawfully recognized by the United States Congress. The council controls less than fifty percent of CNB. CNB operates in the following industries: aerospace and defense, hospitality and entertainment, environmental and construction services, information technology, healthcare, and security and safety. Cherokee Nation Businesses was established on June 16, 2004. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. The tribe exerts control over the operations of CNB through the Board of Directors. Upon its establishment, CNB became responsible for providing \"strategic direction\" to all Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma-owned businesses, to diversify the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business holdings, and to act as a holding company for some Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business investments. CNB receives revenues from its subsidiaries in order to fund the expansion of existing firms and the acquisition of new ones. CNB was established to diversify its business interests of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. At its establishment, pursuant to the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Corporation Reform Act of 2002\", 25% of all CNB profits were to be reinvested with the Tribal Government as dividend payment. Pursuant to the provisions of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Jobs Growth Act of 2005\", CNB became the holding company for all business enterprises, including Cherokee Nation Entertainment (CNE) and Cherokee Nation Industries (CNI). CNE was transferred to CNB ownership in 2006 and CNI was transferred in 2008. Prior to these transfers ownership of CNE and CNI were held directly by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.", "The Cherokee freedmen, descendants of African American slaves owned by citizens of the Cherokee Nation during the Antebellum Period, were first guaranteed Cherokee citizenship under a treaty with the United States in 1866. This was in the wake of the American Civil War, when the US emancipated slaves and passed US constitutional amendments granting freedmen citizenship in the United States. In 1988, the federal court in the Freedmen case of \"Nero v. Cherokee Nation\" held that Cherokees could decide citizenship requirements and exclude freedmen. On March 7, 2006, the Cherokee Nation Judicial Appeal Tribunal ruled that the Cherokee Freedmen were eligible for Cherokee citizenship. This ruling proved controversial; while the Cherokee Freedman had historically been recorded as \"citizens\" of the Cherokee Nation at least since 1866 and the later Dawes Commission Land Rolls, the ruling \"did not limit membership to people possessing Cherokee blood\". This ruling was consistent with the 1975 Constitution of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, in its acceptance of the Cherokee Freedmen on the basis of historical citizenship, rather than documented blood relation. On March 3, 2007 a constitutional amendment was passed by a Cherokee vote limiting citizenship to Cherokees on the Dawes Rolls for those listed as Cherokee by blood on the Dawes roll, which did not include partial Cherokee descendants of slaves, Shawnee and Delaware. The Cherokee Freedmen had 90 days to appeal this amendment vote which disenfranchised them from Cherokee citizenship and file appeal within the Cherokee Nation Tribal Council, which is currently pending in \"Nash, et al. v. Cherokee Nation Registrar\". On May 14, 2007, the Cherokee Freedmen were reinstated as citizens of the Cherokee Nation by the Cherokee Nation Tribal Courts through a temporary order and temporary injunction until the court reached its final decision.", "The matter of Byrd's diversion of funds was turned over to the Cherokee Nation Justice Courts for resolution. However, the United States Attorney's office, in concert with the BIA, continued their investigation into Byrd's activities. On April 15, 1997, after Byrd was indicted by the Cherokee Nation Justice Courts for obstruction of justice and misuse of funds, he drafted articles of impeachment of the Cherokee Nation Court Justices. Byrd then proceeded to the Tribal Council chambers, where eight of the total fifteen council members were assembled. Despite the fact that the Council was without a quorum, Byrd ordered the councilors to approve the impeachment of the Cherokee Nation Courts Justices. He also ordered the councilors to vote for ratification and relinquishment of sovereign authority to the BIA for law enforcement within the Cherokee Nation. On April 24, 1997 the BIA ordered BIA Law enforcement personnel to assume control of Law Enforcement responsibilities within the Cherokee Nation. On May 21, 1997, Byrd shut off power and utilities to the Cherokee Nation Justice Complex, fired the Justices, and ordered his security forces to board up the Courthouse. In response, the Cherokee Nation Justices issued warrants for his arrest. The Cherokee Nation petitioned the Federal Courts for BIA officers to confiscate the weapons of Byrd's security force. The federal judge declined to rule on the grounds that the Cherokee Nation would be required to relinquish total sovereignty before federal troops could be sent into the Nation to confiscate weapons. Byrd subsequently ordered the shutdown of the Cherokee Nation Courts. His security forces, along with those of the BIA, forcibly evicted the Justices from the Courthouse, then had the Courthouse boarded up and padlocked. During the Cherokee National Holiday (Labor Day weekend) in 1997, Oklahoma SWAT teams with high-powered rifles and BIA helicopters patrolled tribal lands.", "The Cherokee Nation also has the right to appoint a delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives, per the 1835 Treaty of New Echota. In 2019, Kimberly Teehee was appointed the first ever delegate to the U.S. House of Representatives from the Cherokee Nation, in accordance with the 1835 treaty, though congress has not yet passed the legislation required to seat her. The Cherokee Nation participates in numerous joint programs with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, including cultural exchange programs and joint Tribal Council meetings involving councilors from both Cherokee tribes that address issues affecting all Cherokee people. The United Keetoowah Band tribal council unanimously passed a resolution to approach the Cherokee Nation for a joint council meeting between the two nations, as a means of \"offering the olive branch,\" in the words of the UKB Council. While a date was set for the meeting between members of the Cherokee Nation council and UKB representation, Chief Chad Smith vetoed the meeting. The Delaware Tribe of Indians (Lenape) became part of the Cherokee Nation in 1867. On 28 July 2009 it achieved independent federal recognition as a tribe. Similarly, the Shawnee Tribe separated from the Cherokee Nation and achieved federal recognition in the 20th century. The Cherokee Nation strongly opposes further federal or state recognition of other Cherokee groups. This is despite some of these groups having signed treaties in the past. The Cherokee Nation believes that this would jeopardize tribal sovereignty. On April 9, 2008, the Councils of the Cherokee Nation and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians at the Joint Council Meeting held in Catoosa, Oklahoma passed a resolution: \"Opposing Fabricated Cherokee 'Tribes' and 'Indians. It denounced further state or federal recognition of so-called Cherokee tribes or bands. These tribes committed to exposing and assisting state and federal authorities in eradicating any group that attempts or claims to operate as a government of the Cherokee people.", "Cherokee Nation The Cherokee Nation (Cherokee: \u13e3\u13b3\u13a9\u13af \u13a0\u13f0\u13b5, \"Tsalagihi Ayeli\" or \u13e3\u13b3\u13a9\u13f0\u13b5 \"Tsalagiyehli\"), also known as the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, is the largest of three Cherokee federally recognized tribes in the United States. It was established in the 20th century and includes people descended from members of the Old Cherokee Nation who relocated from the Southeast due to increasing pressure to Indian Territory and Cherokee who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen, Absentee Shawnee, and Natchez Nation. Over 299,862 people are enrolled in the Cherokee Nation, with 189,228 living within the state of Oklahoma. According to Larry Echo Hawk (in 2009), former head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the current Cherokee Nation is not the historical Cherokee tribe but instead a \"successor in interest,\" though this argument was rejected by the Cherokee Nation. Headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, the Cherokee Nation has a tribal jurisdictional area spanning 14 counties in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma. These are Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Mayes, McIntosh, Muskogee, Nowata, Ottawa, Rogers, Sequoyah, Tulsa, Wagoner, and Washington counties. During 1898\u20131906, beginning with the Curtis Act of 1898, the United States federal government all but dissolved the former Cherokee Nation's governmental and civic institutions, to make way for the incorporation of Indian Territory into the new state of Oklahoma. From 1906 to 1938, the structure and function of the tribal government was not clearly defined. After the dissolution of the tribal government of the Cherokee Nation in the 1900s and the death of William Charles Rogers in 1917, the Federal government began to appoint chiefs to the Cherokee Nation in 1919."], "answer": {"text": "a few days later he left Fort Prince George and Keowee", "answer_start": 216}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "On April 22, 1775 Bartram left Charleston, South Carolina on horseback to explore the Cherokee Nation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did others accompany him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_93188d0b09c1437e824e042b420a4506_1_q#3", "question": "What did he find there?", "rewrite": "What did William Bartram find in the Cherokee nation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Georgia portion of the trail is entirely in the Chattooga River District of the Chattahoochee National Forest and is managed by the United States Forest Service. The southern terminus of the Bartram Trail is at its intersection with Georgia State Route 28 at the South Carolina state line. The trail connects into South Carolina along the Chattooga Trail, joining with the Foothills Trail, which is also a designated National Recreation Trail. In North Carolina, the Bartram Trail meanders near the mountainous towns of Franklin, Highlands, Andrews, Robbinsville, and Nantahala. It includes Wayah Bald, which is the highest point on the trail and where it crosses the Appalachian Trail. There is an optional canoe section on the Little Tennessee River. The William Bartram Scenic & Historic Highway, named in honor of the botanist's travels in Florida, runs along the east side of the St. Johns River from Jacksonville south to northwestern St. Johns County on State Road 13. Bartram Trail High School at St. Johns, Florida (just south of Jacksonville) is named for the scenic highway and Bartram's exploration route around the Northern St. Johns County area. The long Bartram Canoe Trail system of canoe and kayak trails in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta is one of the longest in the United States. It is operated by the Alabama Department of Conservation and offers canoeists and kayakers 13 different routes to choose from, including three routes with floating campsites. Named for William Bartram, it represents a small section of Bartram's travels by boat on the Mobile, Tensaw and Tombigbee Rivers in the summer of 1775. The William Bartram Arboretum () is located within Fort Toulouse Park, near Wetumpka, Alabama and is named in honor of the 18th century naturalist, who visited the area in 1776.", "Cherokee Nation The Cherokee Nation (Cherokee: \u13e3\u13b3\u13a9\u13af \u13a0\u13f0\u13b5, \"Tsalagihi Ayeli\" or \u13e3\u13b3\u13a9\u13f0\u13b5 \"Tsalagiyehli\"), also known as the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, is the largest of three Cherokee federally recognized tribes in the United States. It was established in the 20th century and includes people descended from members of the Old Cherokee Nation who relocated from the Southeast due to increasing pressure to Indian Territory and Cherokee who were forced to relocate on the Trail of Tears. The tribe also includes descendants of Cherokee Freedmen, Absentee Shawnee, and Natchez Nation. Over 299,862 people are enrolled in the Cherokee Nation, with 189,228 living within the state of Oklahoma. According to Larry Echo Hawk (in 2009), former head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the current Cherokee Nation is not the historical Cherokee tribe but instead a \"successor in interest,\" though this argument was rejected by the Cherokee Nation. Headquartered in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, the Cherokee Nation has a tribal jurisdictional area spanning 14 counties in the northeastern corner of Oklahoma. These are Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Mayes, McIntosh, Muskogee, Nowata, Ottawa, Rogers, Sequoyah, Tulsa, Wagoner, and Washington counties. During 1898\u20131906, beginning with the Curtis Act of 1898, the United States federal government all but dissolved the former Cherokee Nation's governmental and civic institutions, to make way for the incorporation of Indian Territory into the new state of Oklahoma. From 1906 to 1938, the structure and function of the tribal government was not clearly defined. After the dissolution of the tribal government of the Cherokee Nation in the 1900s and the death of William Charles Rogers in 1917, the Federal government began to appoint chiefs to the Cherokee Nation in 1919.", "Cherokee Nation Businesses Cherokee Nation Businesses, LLC (CNB) is an American conglomerate holding company headquartered in Catoosa, Oklahoma, that oversees and manages a number of subsidiary companies. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, who claim they are largest Native American tribe by population in the United States, but are not lawfully recognized by the United States Congress. The council controls less than fifty percent of CNB. CNB operates in the following industries: aerospace and defense, hospitality and entertainment, environmental and construction services, information technology, healthcare, and security and safety. Cherokee Nation Businesses was established on June 16, 2004. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. The tribe exerts control over the operations of CNB through the Board of Directors. Upon its establishment, CNB became responsible for providing \"strategic direction\" to all Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma-owned businesses, to diversify the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business holdings, and to act as a holding company for some Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business investments. CNB receives revenues from its subsidiaries in order to fund the expansion of existing firms and the acquisition of new ones. CNB was established to diversify its business interests of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. At its establishment, pursuant to the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Corporation Reform Act of 2002\", 25% of all CNB profits were to be reinvested with the Tribal Government as dividend payment. Pursuant to the provisions of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Jobs Growth Act of 2005\", CNB became the holding company for all business enterprises, including Cherokee Nation Entertainment (CNE) and Cherokee Nation Industries (CNI). CNE was transferred to CNB ownership in 2006 and CNI was transferred in 2008. Prior to these transfers ownership of CNE and CNI were held directly by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma.", "The alternate, obovate leaves are up to in length and turn a bright orange-red in the fall. Although difficult to transplant, once established, \"F. alatamaha\" can live a century or more. \"Franklinia alatamaha\" fruit develop slowly. The seed capsules require 12\u201314 months to mature. When ripe the pentavalved spherical capsules split above and below in a unique manner. Anecdotal evidence suggests viable seed production is enhanced where two or more plants are present in close proximity. Philadelphia botanists John and William Bartram first observed the tree growing along the Altamaha River near Fort Barrington in the British colony of Georgia in October 1765. John Bartram recorded \"severall very curious shrubs\" in his journal entry for October 1, 1765. William Bartram returned several times to the same location on the Altamaha during a collecting trip to the American South, funded by Dr. John Fothergill of London. William Bartram collected \"F. alatamaha\" seeds during this extended trip to the South from 1773 through 1776, a journey described in his book \"Bartram's Travels\" published in Philadelphia in 1791. William Bartram brought seed back to Philadelphia in 1777 at which time William reported to his father that he had relocated the plant, but this time had been able to retrieve its seeds although it was not until after John's death (1777) that he was able to achieve flowering plants (1781). After several years of study, William Bartram assigned the \u201crare and elegant flowering shrub\u201d to a new genus \"Franklinia\", named in honor of his father's great friend Benjamin Franklin.", "Bartram's Travels  Bartram's \"Travels\" is the short title of naturalist William Bartram's book describing his travels in the American South and encounters with American Indians between 1773 and 1777. The book was published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1791 by the firm of James & Johnson. The book's full title is \"Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians.\" William Bartram was a Quaker and the son of naturalist John Bartram. In 1772, Dr. John Fothergill of London commissioned William Bartram to explore the Florida territories, collecting seeds, making drawings, and taking specimens of unfamiliar plants. Bartram sailed from Philadelphia in March 1773, explored Georgia, and began exploring East Florida in March 1774, especially the St. Johns River and the Alachua Savanna peopled by Seminole Indians. Returning to Charleston, Bartram set out for the southern Appalachians and the Cherokee country in April 1775, unaware that war had broken out in New England. Bartram crossed the Chattahoochee River into what later became the state of Alabama, then traveled to Mobile and Pensacola. Despite illness, he continued his journey west along the Gulf coast and up the Mississippi River beyond Baton Rouge. Sailing again to Mobile, he traveled inland late in the year to the Creek Indian settlements on the Tallapoosa River. In January 1776 Bartram returned to Georgia, shipped the last of his plant specimens to London from Savannah, and returned home to Philadelphia. The sequence of his journey is not reproduced exactly in \"Bartram's Travels\". Between 1774 and 1776"], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "On April 22, 1775 Bartram left Charleston, South Carolina on horseback to explore the Cherokee Nation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did others accompany him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "a few days later he left Fort Prince George and Keowee", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_93188d0b09c1437e824e042b420a4506_1_q#4", "question": "Did he encounter any Cherokee people?", "rewrite": "Did William Bartram encounter any Cherokee people?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The 2006-2007 school year saw 64% of the students who took the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) score the necessary 3 or above in the reading portion of the test and 89% score above the mark on the mathematics section. The FCAT Writing scores saw 92% of the students scoring a 3.5 or above. Bartram Trail can give the graduating seniors a choice of scholarships they can apply for, through the school, to get started with college. In 2006, seven Bartram Trail students earned scholarships when they became finalists in the National Merit Scholarship Program. The 2006-2007 school year graduation rate was 87.1% with only a 1.0% drop out rate. Bartram Trail High School was founded in 2000 and was named after the William Bartram Scenic Highway and Bartram Trail exploration route in the Northern St. Johns County area, and not after William Bartram himself. Bartram Trail and Pedro Menendez High School were constructed to relieve overcrowding at Allen D. Nease Senior High School and St. Augustine High School. Bartram Trail and Pedro Menendez were the first new high schools built in the St. Johns County School District in twenty years, since Nease was opened in 1981. However, as the second school year at Bartram Trail began, the original capacity of 1,500 was exceeded with an enrollment of 1,529. By the 2002 school year, enrollment was at 1,840, more than 300 students above capacity. In 2004, the school district projected Bartram Trail's 2007-2008 enrollment at over 3,000. To reduce overcrowding at Bartram Trail and Nease High School, two new high schools, Ponte Vedra High School and Creekside High School, were constructed and opened for the 2008-2009 school year.", "Richard Bartram  Richard Bartram (1749\u20131826) was the English Consul of Civita Vecchia in the early 19th century and involved in the saving of the Jacobite Royal Papers. Bartram was born in Trimingham, Norfolk, in 1749 the only son of Captain Richard Bartram of Great Yarmouth Norfolk. His tombstone records: Bartram however did have a sister and later his niece and nephew tried to challenge his will which left everything to his relative Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram refers to Cubbitt Engall Bartram as his nephew but is actually more distantly related. Bartram is a first cousin of Cubbitt's grandfather William Bartram (born 1744). There is interesting correspondence between the Reverend William Gunn of Smallburgh Norfolk and the Bartrams in Civita Vecchia. Cubitt first arrived in Civita Vecchia in 1820 to join his relative Richard Bartram and became his heir. The Norfolk Record Office archive on William Gunn states: Cubbitt Bartram was also joined by his brother John Bartram in Civita Vecchia in the business. Bartram was visited by his Jacobite relative Sir Robert Bartram (1761\u20131844) of Norfolk (a grandson of Sir James Alexander Wright Bt the Last Royal Governor of Georgia)in 1795. Robert Bartram was an uncle of Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram introduced Robert to his future wife Anna Modin (Maiden/Maidman), an Italian Jew who was a granddaughter of Prince Henry Stuart and his Jewish mistress (before he entered the Church). Robert's sons Sir James Bartram of Metton and William John Bartram of Aylmerton were also Jacobites (connected with Sir Henry Drummond and Joseph Wolff) who also visited Richard Bartram and their cousins Cubbitt and John Bartram in Civita Vecchia.", "The Georgia portion of the trail is entirely in the Chattooga River District of the Chattahoochee National Forest and is managed by the United States Forest Service. The southern terminus of the Bartram Trail is at its intersection with Georgia State Route 28 at the South Carolina state line. The trail connects into South Carolina along the Chattooga Trail, joining with the Foothills Trail, which is also a designated National Recreation Trail. In North Carolina, the Bartram Trail meanders near the mountainous towns of Franklin, Highlands, Andrews, Robbinsville, and Nantahala. It includes Wayah Bald, which is the highest point on the trail and where it crosses the Appalachian Trail. There is an optional canoe section on the Little Tennessee River. The William Bartram Scenic & Historic Highway, named in honor of the botanist's travels in Florida, runs along the east side of the St. Johns River from Jacksonville south to northwestern St. Johns County on State Road 13. Bartram Trail High School at St. Johns, Florida (just south of Jacksonville) is named for the scenic highway and Bartram's exploration route around the Northern St. Johns County area. The long Bartram Canoe Trail system of canoe and kayak trails in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta is one of the longest in the United States. It is operated by the Alabama Department of Conservation and offers canoeists and kayakers 13 different routes to choose from, including three routes with floating campsites. Named for William Bartram, it represents a small section of Bartram's travels by boat on the Mobile, Tensaw and Tombigbee Rivers in the summer of 1775. The William Bartram Arboretum () is located within Fort Toulouse Park, near Wetumpka, Alabama and is named in honor of the 18th century naturalist, who visited the area in 1776.", "Bartram's Travels  Bartram's \"Travels\" is the short title of naturalist William Bartram's book describing his travels in the American South and encounters with American Indians between 1773 and 1777. The book was published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1791 by the firm of James & Johnson. The book's full title is \"Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians.\" William Bartram was a Quaker and the son of naturalist John Bartram. In 1772, Dr. John Fothergill of London commissioned William Bartram to explore the Florida territories, collecting seeds, making drawings, and taking specimens of unfamiliar plants. Bartram sailed from Philadelphia in March 1773, explored Georgia, and began exploring East Florida in March 1774, especially the St. Johns River and the Alachua Savanna peopled by Seminole Indians. Returning to Charleston, Bartram set out for the southern Appalachians and the Cherokee country in April 1775, unaware that war had broken out in New England. Bartram crossed the Chattahoochee River into what later became the state of Alabama, then traveled to Mobile and Pensacola. Despite illness, he continued his journey west along the Gulf coast and up the Mississippi River beyond Baton Rouge. Sailing again to Mobile, he traveled inland late in the year to the Creek Indian settlements on the Tallapoosa River. In January 1776 Bartram returned to Georgia, shipped the last of his plant specimens to London from Savannah, and returned home to Philadelphia. The sequence of his journey is not reproduced exactly in \"Bartram's Travels\". Between 1774 and 1776", "The alternate, obovate leaves are up to in length and turn a bright orange-red in the fall. Although difficult to transplant, once established, \"F. alatamaha\" can live a century or more. \"Franklinia alatamaha\" fruit develop slowly. The seed capsules require 12\u201314 months to mature. When ripe the pentavalved spherical capsules split above and below in a unique manner. Anecdotal evidence suggests viable seed production is enhanced where two or more plants are present in close proximity. Philadelphia botanists John and William Bartram first observed the tree growing along the Altamaha River near Fort Barrington in the British colony of Georgia in October 1765. John Bartram recorded \"severall very curious shrubs\" in his journal entry for October 1, 1765. William Bartram returned several times to the same location on the Altamaha during a collecting trip to the American South, funded by Dr. John Fothergill of London. William Bartram collected \"F. alatamaha\" seeds during this extended trip to the South from 1773 through 1776, a journey described in his book \"Bartram's Travels\" published in Philadelphia in 1791. William Bartram brought seed back to Philadelphia in 1777 at which time William reported to his father that he had relocated the plant, but this time had been able to retrieve its seeds although it was not until after John's death (1777) that he was able to achieve flowering plants (1781). After several years of study, William Bartram assigned the \u201crare and elegant flowering shrub\u201d to a new genus \"Franklinia\", named in honor of his father's great friend Benjamin Franklin."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "On April 22, 1775 Bartram left Charleston, South Carolina on horseback to explore the Cherokee Nation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did others accompany him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "a few days later he left Fort Prince George and Keowee", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he find there?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_93188d0b09c1437e824e042b420a4506_1_q#5", "question": "What else interesting happened to him on his travels?", "rewrite": "What else interesting happened to William Bartram on his travel besides approaching a vale in the Cherokee nation?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Georgia portion of the trail is entirely in the Chattooga River District of the Chattahoochee National Forest and is managed by the United States Forest Service. The southern terminus of the Bartram Trail is at its intersection with Georgia State Route 28 at the South Carolina state line. The trail connects into South Carolina along the Chattooga Trail, joining with the Foothills Trail, which is also a designated National Recreation Trail. In North Carolina, the Bartram Trail meanders near the mountainous towns of Franklin, Highlands, Andrews, Robbinsville, and Nantahala. It includes Wayah Bald, which is the highest point on the trail and where it crosses the Appalachian Trail. There is an optional canoe section on the Little Tennessee River. The William Bartram Scenic & Historic Highway, named in honor of the botanist's travels in Florida, runs along the east side of the St. Johns River from Jacksonville south to northwestern St. Johns County on State Road 13. Bartram Trail High School at St. Johns, Florida (just south of Jacksonville) is named for the scenic highway and Bartram's exploration route around the Northern St. Johns County area. The long Bartram Canoe Trail system of canoe and kayak trails in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta is one of the longest in the United States. It is operated by the Alabama Department of Conservation and offers canoeists and kayakers 13 different routes to choose from, including three routes with floating campsites. Named for William Bartram, it represents a small section of Bartram's travels by boat on the Mobile, Tensaw and Tombigbee Rivers in the summer of 1775. The William Bartram Arboretum () is located within Fort Toulouse Park, near Wetumpka, Alabama and is named in honor of the 18th century naturalist, who visited the area in 1776.", "Bartram's Travels  Bartram's \"Travels\" is the short title of naturalist William Bartram's book describing his travels in the American South and encounters with American Indians between 1773 and 1777. The book was published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1791 by the firm of James & Johnson. The book's full title is \"Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians.\" William Bartram was a Quaker and the son of naturalist John Bartram. In 1772, Dr. John Fothergill of London commissioned William Bartram to explore the Florida territories, collecting seeds, making drawings, and taking specimens of unfamiliar plants. Bartram sailed from Philadelphia in March 1773, explored Georgia, and began exploring East Florida in March 1774, especially the St. Johns River and the Alachua Savanna peopled by Seminole Indians. Returning to Charleston, Bartram set out for the southern Appalachians and the Cherokee country in April 1775, unaware that war had broken out in New England. Bartram crossed the Chattahoochee River into what later became the state of Alabama, then traveled to Mobile and Pensacola. Despite illness, he continued his journey west along the Gulf coast and up the Mississippi River beyond Baton Rouge. Sailing again to Mobile, he traveled inland late in the year to the Creek Indian settlements on the Tallapoosa River. In January 1776 Bartram returned to Georgia, shipped the last of his plant specimens to London from Savannah, and returned home to Philadelphia. The sequence of his journey is not reproduced exactly in \"Bartram's Travels\". Between 1774 and 1776", "Richard Bartram  Richard Bartram (1749\u20131826) was the English Consul of Civita Vecchia in the early 19th century and involved in the saving of the Jacobite Royal Papers. Bartram was born in Trimingham, Norfolk, in 1749 the only son of Captain Richard Bartram of Great Yarmouth Norfolk. His tombstone records: Bartram however did have a sister and later his niece and nephew tried to challenge his will which left everything to his relative Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram refers to Cubbitt Engall Bartram as his nephew but is actually more distantly related. Bartram is a first cousin of Cubbitt's grandfather William Bartram (born 1744). There is interesting correspondence between the Reverend William Gunn of Smallburgh Norfolk and the Bartrams in Civita Vecchia. Cubitt first arrived in Civita Vecchia in 1820 to join his relative Richard Bartram and became his heir. The Norfolk Record Office archive on William Gunn states: Cubbitt Bartram was also joined by his brother John Bartram in Civita Vecchia in the business. Bartram was visited by his Jacobite relative Sir Robert Bartram (1761\u20131844) of Norfolk (a grandson of Sir James Alexander Wright Bt the Last Royal Governor of Georgia)in 1795. Robert Bartram was an uncle of Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram introduced Robert to his future wife Anna Modin (Maiden/Maidman), an Italian Jew who was a granddaughter of Prince Henry Stuart and his Jewish mistress (before he entered the Church). Robert's sons Sir James Bartram of Metton and William John Bartram of Aylmerton were also Jacobites (connected with Sir Henry Drummond and Joseph Wolff) who also visited Richard Bartram and their cousins Cubbitt and John Bartram in Civita Vecchia.", "The alternate, obovate leaves are up to in length and turn a bright orange-red in the fall. Although difficult to transplant, once established, \"F. alatamaha\" can live a century or more. \"Franklinia alatamaha\" fruit develop slowly. The seed capsules require 12\u201314 months to mature. When ripe the pentavalved spherical capsules split above and below in a unique manner. Anecdotal evidence suggests viable seed production is enhanced where two or more plants are present in close proximity. Philadelphia botanists John and William Bartram first observed the tree growing along the Altamaha River near Fort Barrington in the British colony of Georgia in October 1765. John Bartram recorded \"severall very curious shrubs\" in his journal entry for October 1, 1765. William Bartram returned several times to the same location on the Altamaha during a collecting trip to the American South, funded by Dr. John Fothergill of London. William Bartram collected \"F. alatamaha\" seeds during this extended trip to the South from 1773 through 1776, a journey described in his book \"Bartram's Travels\" published in Philadelphia in 1791. William Bartram brought seed back to Philadelphia in 1777 at which time William reported to his father that he had relocated the plant, but this time had been able to retrieve its seeds although it was not until after John's death (1777) that he was able to achieve flowering plants (1781). After several years of study, William Bartram assigned the \u201crare and elegant flowering shrub\u201d to a new genus \"Franklinia\", named in honor of his father's great friend Benjamin Franklin.", "Cherokee Nation Businesses Cherokee Nation Businesses, LLC (CNB) is an American conglomerate holding company headquartered in Catoosa, Oklahoma, that oversees and manages a number of subsidiary companies. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, who claim they are largest Native American tribe by population in the United States, but are not lawfully recognized by the United States Congress. The council controls less than fifty percent of CNB. CNB operates in the following industries: aerospace and defense, hospitality and entertainment, environmental and construction services, information technology, healthcare, and security and safety. Cherokee Nation Businesses was established on June 16, 2004. CNB is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. The tribe exerts control over the operations of CNB through the Board of Directors. Upon its establishment, CNB became responsible for providing \"strategic direction\" to all Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma-owned businesses, to diversify the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business holdings, and to act as a holding company for some Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma business investments. CNB receives revenues from its subsidiaries in order to fund the expansion of existing firms and the acquisition of new ones. CNB was established to diversify its business interests of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. At its establishment, pursuant to the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Corporation Reform Act of 2002\", 25% of all CNB profits were to be reinvested with the Tribal Government as dividend payment. Pursuant to the provisions of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma \"Jobs Growth Act of 2005\", CNB became the holding company for all business enterprises, including Cherokee Nation Entertainment (CNE) and Cherokee Nation Industries (CNI). CNE was transferred to CNB ownership in 2006 and CNI was transferred in 2008. Prior to these transfers ownership of CNE and CNI were held directly by the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma."], "answer": {"text": "I began to ascend the Jore Mountains, which I at length accomplished, and rested on the most elevated peak; from whence I beheld with rapture and astonishment,", "answer_start": 1372}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "On April 22, 1775 Bartram left Charleston, South Carolina on horseback to explore the Cherokee Nation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did others accompany him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "a few days later he left Fort Prince George and Keowee", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he find there?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he encounter any Cherokee people?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_93188d0b09c1437e824e042b420a4506_1_q#6", "question": "What else did he find?", "rewrite": "What else did William Bartram find besides Jore mountains?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bartram's Travels  Bartram's \"Travels\" is the short title of naturalist William Bartram's book describing his travels in the American South and encounters with American Indians between 1773 and 1777. The book was published in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1791 by the firm of James & Johnson. The book's full title is \"Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, the Cherokee Country, the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy, and the Country of the Chactaws. Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions; Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians.\" William Bartram was a Quaker and the son of naturalist John Bartram. In 1772, Dr. John Fothergill of London commissioned William Bartram to explore the Florida territories, collecting seeds, making drawings, and taking specimens of unfamiliar plants. Bartram sailed from Philadelphia in March 1773, explored Georgia, and began exploring East Florida in March 1774, especially the St. Johns River and the Alachua Savanna peopled by Seminole Indians. Returning to Charleston, Bartram set out for the southern Appalachians and the Cherokee country in April 1775, unaware that war had broken out in New England. Bartram crossed the Chattahoochee River into what later became the state of Alabama, then traveled to Mobile and Pensacola. Despite illness, he continued his journey west along the Gulf coast and up the Mississippi River beyond Baton Rouge. Sailing again to Mobile, he traveled inland late in the year to the Creek Indian settlements on the Tallapoosa River. In January 1776 Bartram returned to Georgia, shipped the last of his plant specimens to London from Savannah, and returned home to Philadelphia. The sequence of his journey is not reproduced exactly in \"Bartram's Travels\". Between 1774 and 1776", "The Georgia portion of the trail is entirely in the Chattooga River District of the Chattahoochee National Forest and is managed by the United States Forest Service. The southern terminus of the Bartram Trail is at its intersection with Georgia State Route 28 at the South Carolina state line. The trail connects into South Carolina along the Chattooga Trail, joining with the Foothills Trail, which is also a designated National Recreation Trail. In North Carolina, the Bartram Trail meanders near the mountainous towns of Franklin, Highlands, Andrews, Robbinsville, and Nantahala. It includes Wayah Bald, which is the highest point on the trail and where it crosses the Appalachian Trail. There is an optional canoe section on the Little Tennessee River. The William Bartram Scenic & Historic Highway, named in honor of the botanist's travels in Florida, runs along the east side of the St. Johns River from Jacksonville south to northwestern St. Johns County on State Road 13. Bartram Trail High School at St. Johns, Florida (just south of Jacksonville) is named for the scenic highway and Bartram's exploration route around the Northern St. Johns County area. The long Bartram Canoe Trail system of canoe and kayak trails in the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta is one of the longest in the United States. It is operated by the Alabama Department of Conservation and offers canoeists and kayakers 13 different routes to choose from, including three routes with floating campsites. Named for William Bartram, it represents a small section of Bartram's travels by boat on the Mobile, Tensaw and Tombigbee Rivers in the summer of 1775. The William Bartram Arboretum () is located within Fort Toulouse Park, near Wetumpka, Alabama and is named in honor of the 18th century naturalist, who visited the area in 1776.", "Richard Bartram  Richard Bartram (1749\u20131826) was the English Consul of Civita Vecchia in the early 19th century and involved in the saving of the Jacobite Royal Papers. Bartram was born in Trimingham, Norfolk, in 1749 the only son of Captain Richard Bartram of Great Yarmouth Norfolk. His tombstone records: Bartram however did have a sister and later his niece and nephew tried to challenge his will which left everything to his relative Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram refers to Cubbitt Engall Bartram as his nephew but is actually more distantly related. Bartram is a first cousin of Cubbitt's grandfather William Bartram (born 1744). There is interesting correspondence between the Reverend William Gunn of Smallburgh Norfolk and the Bartrams in Civita Vecchia. Cubitt first arrived in Civita Vecchia in 1820 to join his relative Richard Bartram and became his heir. The Norfolk Record Office archive on William Gunn states: Cubbitt Bartram was also joined by his brother John Bartram in Civita Vecchia in the business. Bartram was visited by his Jacobite relative Sir Robert Bartram (1761\u20131844) of Norfolk (a grandson of Sir James Alexander Wright Bt the Last Royal Governor of Georgia)in 1795. Robert Bartram was an uncle of Cubbitt Engall Bartram. Bartram introduced Robert to his future wife Anna Modin (Maiden/Maidman), an Italian Jew who was a granddaughter of Prince Henry Stuart and his Jewish mistress (before he entered the Church). Robert's sons Sir James Bartram of Metton and William John Bartram of Aylmerton were also Jacobites (connected with Sir Henry Drummond and Joseph Wolff) who also visited Richard Bartram and their cousins Cubbitt and John Bartram in Civita Vecchia.", "Bartram Trail The Bartram Trail follows the approximate route of 18th-century naturalist William Bartram\u2019s southern journey from March 1773 to January 1777. Bartram explored much of the territory which is now the states of North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Tennessee. The most established section is a hiking trail that winds about from the North Georgia mountains into North Carolina. It has been designated as a National Recreation Trail in Georgia  and in North Carolina. The Bartram Trail Conference, Inc., was founded in 1976 to identify and mark the route of Bartram\u2019s southern explorations and to promote interest in developing recreational trails and botanical gardens along the route. The BTC also encourages the study, preservation and interpretation of the William Bartram heritage at both cultural and natural sites in Trail states. The North Carolina Bartram Trail Society was organized in 1977. The Society reached an agreement with the U.S. Forest Service to mark the general trail corridor within the Nantahala National Forest, and to blaze and build the trail, which was completed. They conduct meetings in the Spring and Fall each year, and organize trail work hikes. In Georgia, the Bartram Trail covers . After entering Georgia from North Carolina, the trail follows a ridge line to its highest point in Georgia at Rabun Bald , , the second-highest point in the state, along the Eastern Continental Divide. From there it passes Martin Creek Falls and Becky Branch Falls as it drops to go through Warwoman Dell. From Warwoman Dell, it climbs again before dropping to its lowest elevations along a stretch of the Wild and Scenic Chattooga River. In addition to a number of waterfalls like Martin Creek Falls and Becky Branch Falls and vistas from Rabun Bald, the Bartram Trail offers a great deal of scenic beauty.", "The alternate, obovate leaves are up to in length and turn a bright orange-red in the fall. Although difficult to transplant, once established, \"F. alatamaha\" can live a century or more. \"Franklinia alatamaha\" fruit develop slowly. The seed capsules require 12\u201314 months to mature. When ripe the pentavalved spherical capsules split above and below in a unique manner. Anecdotal evidence suggests viable seed production is enhanced where two or more plants are present in close proximity. Philadelphia botanists John and William Bartram first observed the tree growing along the Altamaha River near Fort Barrington in the British colony of Georgia in October 1765. John Bartram recorded \"severall very curious shrubs\" in his journal entry for October 1, 1765. William Bartram returned several times to the same location on the Altamaha during a collecting trip to the American South, funded by Dr. John Fothergill of London. William Bartram collected \"F. alatamaha\" seeds during this extended trip to the South from 1773 through 1776, a journey described in his book \"Bartram's Travels\" published in Philadelphia in 1791. William Bartram brought seed back to Philadelphia in 1777 at which time William reported to his father that he had relocated the plant, but this time had been able to retrieve its seeds although it was not until after John's death (1777) that he was able to achieve flowering plants (1781). After several years of study, William Bartram assigned the \u201crare and elegant flowering shrub\u201d to a new genus \"Franklinia\", named in honor of his father's great friend Benjamin Franklin."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did William Bartram begin to explore the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "On April 22, 1775 Bartram left Charleston, South Carolina on horseback to explore the Cherokee Nation.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did others accompany him?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was the Cherokee nation?", "answer": {"text": "a few days later he left Fort Prince George and Keowee", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he find there?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he encounter any Cherokee people?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else interesting happened to him on his travels?", "answer": {"text": "I began to ascend the Jore Mountains, which I at length accomplished, and rested on the most elevated peak; from whence I beheld with rapture and astonishment,", "answer_start": 1372, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#0", "question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "rewrite": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Future of Freedom Conference The Future of Freedom Conference is considered as the first explicitly libertarian conference series ever held in the United States. Debuting in 1969, the conference's keynote speaker was Austrian economist Prof. Ludwig von Mises. More than 200 students attended the Ludwig von Mises Conference that was held at Long Beach State University, now known as California State University, Long Beach, in May 1969, in response to Young Americans for Freedom's (YAF) purges of libertarian leaders just before the infamous national YAF St. Louis convention in August 1969. In early March 1969, Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel, co-chairs of California YAF, were removed by National YAF. Many purged leaders, and county chairs would eventually organize a new student organization called the California Libertarian Alliance (CLA). One of their first endeavors was to hold a gathering of libertarian leaders, writers and economists. The idea to have some type of gathering evolved into a full-fledged conference at a college. The conference was initially planned and organized under the leadership of Dana Rohrabacher, who was the main founder and chairman of the Libertarian Caucus of YAF from 1966 to 69. Dana Rohrabacher, known as the \"Johnny Grass-seed\" of radical YAFers, later became a journalist, a speechwriter for President Reagan, and a U.S. Congressman in Southern California. Other purged YAF members involved in the 1969 conference included the following:  Gene Berkman, draft resister, later to become owner of Renaissance Books in Riverside, CA; Bill \"Shawn\" Steel, USC student and statewide chairman of Youth for Reagan, later to become an attorney, a founder of the California Libertarian Party, and chairman of the California Republican Party;", "Congressional Cannabis Caucus The Congressional Cannabis Caucus is a bipartisan registered Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress, which was formed during the 115th United States Congress in 2017. The caucus was founded by Republicans Dana Rohrabacher and Don Young and Democrats Earl Blumenauer and Jared Polis. The goal of the caucus is to harmonize federal laws that prohibit medical and recreational cannabis use with state laws that permit it. Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California, coauthored the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment, which was passed by the 113th United States Congress in 2014. The amendment prevented the United States Department of Justice from using its funding to challenge states that have approved medical cannabis laws. Meanwhile, Earl Blumenauer, a member of House of Representatives from Oregon in the Democratic Party, supported Oregon Ballot Measure 91 in 2014, legalizing recreational cannabis in Oregon. Rohrabacher endorsed the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, which legalized recreational cannabis in California in 2016, and acknowledged using medical cannabis to treat his arthritis. In 2016, Blumenauer and Rohrabacher agreed to form a congressional caucus to streamline cannabis reform legislation at the federal level, considering it a states' rights issue. In February 2017, Rohrabacher and Blumenauer launched the caucus with Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, and Don Young a Republican from Alaska. The caucus intends to increase medical research into cannabis and change regulations on banking and taxation for cannabis businesses. In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs.", "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans. During a congressional hearing on climate change on February 8, 2007, Rohrabacher mused that previous warming cycles may have been caused by carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by \"dinosaur flatulence\": \"In fact, it is assumed at best to be unproven and at worst a liberal claptrap, trendy, but soon to go out of style in our new Congress.\" Politico and the New York Times reported that on May 25, 2011, Rohrabacher expressed further skepticism regarding the existence of man-made global warming and suggested that, if global warming is an issue, a possible solution could be clear-cutting rain forests, and replanting. These reports sparked strong criticism by some scientists, including Oliver Phillips, a geography professor at the University of Leeds. They noted the consensus that intact forests act as net absorbers of carbon, reducing global warming. In response, Rohrabacher stated,  Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics. I do not believe that CO2 is a cause of global warming, nor have I ever advocated the reduction of CO2 through the clearing of rainforests or cutting down older trees to prevent global warming. But that is how my question to a witness during my subcommittee hearing on May 25th is being reported. I simply asked the witness, Dr. Todd Stern, who is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings, if he was considering a policy that would address naturally emitted carbon dioxide, which makes up over 90% of emissions. To suggest that I'm advocating such a radical approach instead of simply questioning the policy is a total misrepresentation of my position. Rohrabacher does not believe that global warming is a problem.", "California Libertarian Alliance California Libertarian Alliance (CLA) was founded in Oct. 1969, spearheaded by Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel and supported by John Schurman, Dennis Turner, Ron Kimberling , Alan Bock, Gene Berkman, and other followers of the Libertarian Caucus after the defections and expulsions of radical libertarians resulting from the 1969 Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Centered in Los Angeles, the CLA claimed to have over 1,000 members by 1970. Other sources put CLA membership at \u201cmore than twelve hundred members\u201d by the end of 1969, although such numbers may be generous considering the unorganized structure of CLA. The breakout year for libertarians was 1969. After the traditionalist (trads) and libertarian (libs or rads) bifurcation at the 1969 YAF convention, many student libertaria alliances withdrew from the conservative ranks, joined or loosely associated with Society for Individual Liberty (SIL) or, in California, with the CLA. In particular, Dana Rohrabacher (\u201cJohnny Grass-Seed\u201d) and his cadre were instrumental in spreading the CLA and libertarian message, taking the role of libertarian troubadour, \u201cseeding local LA\u2019s with ex-YAFers.\u201d Many libertarian leaders in California, including Rohrabacher, were also involved with SIL, since CLA was loosely-affiliated with the larger East coast organization. During this time period, CLA leaders, radical libertarians and market anarchists were increasingly vocal in their repudiation of the conservative establishment, where Rohrabacher declared: \u201cWe recognize the fact that the U.S. in its economic and social manipulation of individuals\u2019 lives and property, is reminiscent of the fascist tyrannies of the past.\u201d", "Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher\u2013Blumenauer amendment) is legislation first introduced by U.S. Rep. Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect. Initially introduced by Rep. Hinchey in 2001, the amendment was withdrawn before it could be brought to a vote. In 2003, Hinchey joined with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher to introduce the amendment, leading to a 152\u2013273 defeat the first time the amendment was voted on. The Hinchey\u2013Rohrabacher amendment failed five more times over the next decade, until it passed the House (as the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment) by a 219\u2013189 vote on May 30, 2014, as an attachment to the Commerce, Justice, and Science Appropriations bill for fiscal year 2015. The amendment was then introduced in the Senate by Sens. Rand Paul and Cory Booker on June 18, but was not allowed a vote. In December, however, the amendment was inserted into the $1.1 trillion \"cromnibus\" spending bill during final negotiations, and the bill was signed into law by President Obama on December 16, 2014."], "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#1", "question": "Did he create any movement that was againt it?", "rewrite": "Did Dana Rohrabacher create any movement that was against global warming?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans. During a congressional hearing on climate change on February 8, 2007, Rohrabacher mused that previous warming cycles may have been caused by carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by \"dinosaur flatulence\": \"In fact, it is assumed at best to be unproven and at worst a liberal claptrap, trendy, but soon to go out of style in our new Congress.\" Politico and the New York Times reported that on May 25, 2011, Rohrabacher expressed further skepticism regarding the existence of man-made global warming and suggested that, if global warming is an issue, a possible solution could be clear-cutting rain forests, and replanting. These reports sparked strong criticism by some scientists, including Oliver Phillips, a geography professor at the University of Leeds. They noted the consensus that intact forests act as net absorbers of carbon, reducing global warming. In response, Rohrabacher stated,  Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics. I do not believe that CO2 is a cause of global warming, nor have I ever advocated the reduction of CO2 through the clearing of rainforests or cutting down older trees to prevent global warming. But that is how my question to a witness during my subcommittee hearing on May 25th is being reported. I simply asked the witness, Dr. Todd Stern, who is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings, if he was considering a policy that would address naturally emitted carbon dioxide, which makes up over 90% of emissions. To suggest that I'm advocating such a radical approach instead of simply questioning the policy is a total misrepresentation of my position. Rohrabacher does not believe that global warming is a problem.", "California Libertarian Alliance California Libertarian Alliance (CLA) was founded in Oct. 1969, spearheaded by Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel and supported by John Schurman, Dennis Turner, Ron Kimberling , Alan Bock, Gene Berkman, and other followers of the Libertarian Caucus after the defections and expulsions of radical libertarians resulting from the 1969 Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Centered in Los Angeles, the CLA claimed to have over 1,000 members by 1970. Other sources put CLA membership at \u201cmore than twelve hundred members\u201d by the end of 1969, although such numbers may be generous considering the unorganized structure of CLA. The breakout year for libertarians was 1969. After the traditionalist (trads) and libertarian (libs or rads) bifurcation at the 1969 YAF convention, many student libertaria alliances withdrew from the conservative ranks, joined or loosely associated with Society for Individual Liberty (SIL) or, in California, with the CLA. In particular, Dana Rohrabacher (\u201cJohnny Grass-Seed\u201d) and his cadre were instrumental in spreading the CLA and libertarian message, taking the role of libertarian troubadour, \u201cseeding local LA\u2019s with ex-YAFers.\u201d Many libertarian leaders in California, including Rohrabacher, were also involved with SIL, since CLA was loosely-affiliated with the larger East coast organization. During this time period, CLA leaders, radical libertarians and market anarchists were increasingly vocal in their repudiation of the conservative establishment, where Rohrabacher declared: \u201cWe recognize the fact that the U.S. in its economic and social manipulation of individuals\u2019 lives and property, is reminiscent of the fascist tyrannies of the past.\u201d", "The Future of Freedom Conference The Future of Freedom Conference is considered as the first explicitly libertarian conference series ever held in the United States. Debuting in 1969, the conference's keynote speaker was Austrian economist Prof. Ludwig von Mises. More than 200 students attended the Ludwig von Mises Conference that was held at Long Beach State University, now known as California State University, Long Beach, in May 1969, in response to Young Americans for Freedom's (YAF) purges of libertarian leaders just before the infamous national YAF St. Louis convention in August 1969. In early March 1969, Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel, co-chairs of California YAF, were removed by National YAF. Many purged leaders, and county chairs would eventually organize a new student organization called the California Libertarian Alliance (CLA). One of their first endeavors was to hold a gathering of libertarian leaders, writers and economists. The idea to have some type of gathering evolved into a full-fledged conference at a college. The conference was initially planned and organized under the leadership of Dana Rohrabacher, who was the main founder and chairman of the Libertarian Caucus of YAF from 1966 to 69. Dana Rohrabacher, known as the \"Johnny Grass-seed\" of radical YAFers, later became a journalist, a speechwriter for President Reagan, and a U.S. Congressman in Southern California. Other purged YAF members involved in the 1969 conference included the following:  Gene Berkman, draft resister, later to become owner of Renaissance Books in Riverside, CA; Bill \"Shawn\" Steel, USC student and statewide chairman of Youth for Reagan, later to become an attorney, a founder of the California Libertarian Party, and chairman of the California Republican Party;", "Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher\u2013Blumenauer amendment) is legislation first introduced by U.S. Rep. Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect. Initially introduced by Rep. Hinchey in 2001, the amendment was withdrawn before it could be brought to a vote. In 2003, Hinchey joined with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher to introduce the amendment, leading to a 152\u2013273 defeat the first time the amendment was voted on. The Hinchey\u2013Rohrabacher amendment failed five more times over the next decade, until it passed the House (as the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment) by a 219\u2013189 vote on May 30, 2014, as an attachment to the Commerce, Justice, and Science Appropriations bill for fiscal year 2015. The amendment was then introduced in the Senate by Sens. Rand Paul and Cory Booker on June 18, but was not allowed a vote. In December, however, the amendment was inserted into the $1.1 trillion \"cromnibus\" spending bill during final negotiations, and the bill was signed into law by President Obama on December 16, 2014.", "Congressional Cannabis Caucus The Congressional Cannabis Caucus is a bipartisan registered Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress, which was formed during the 115th United States Congress in 2017. The caucus was founded by Republicans Dana Rohrabacher and Don Young and Democrats Earl Blumenauer and Jared Polis. The goal of the caucus is to harmonize federal laws that prohibit medical and recreational cannabis use with state laws that permit it. Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California, coauthored the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment, which was passed by the 113th United States Congress in 2014. The amendment prevented the United States Department of Justice from using its funding to challenge states that have approved medical cannabis laws. Meanwhile, Earl Blumenauer, a member of House of Representatives from Oregon in the Democratic Party, supported Oregon Ballot Measure 91 in 2014, legalizing recreational cannabis in Oregon. Rohrabacher endorsed the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, which legalized recreational cannabis in California in 2016, and acknowledged using medical cannabis to treat his arthritis. In 2016, Blumenauer and Rohrabacher agreed to form a congressional caucus to streamline cannabis reform legislation at the federal level, considering it a states' rights issue. In February 2017, Rohrabacher and Blumenauer launched the caucus with Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, and Don Young a Republican from Alaska. The caucus intends to increase medical research into cannabis and change regulations on banking and taxation for cannabis businesses. In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs."], "answer": {"text": "2013, Rohrabacher said \"global warming is a total fraud\" and part of a \"game plan\" by liberals to \"create global government\".", "answer_start": 65}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#2", "question": "Did he have any opposition?", "rewrite": "Did Dana Rohrabacher have any opposition?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["California Libertarian Alliance California Libertarian Alliance (CLA) was founded in Oct. 1969, spearheaded by Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel and supported by John Schurman, Dennis Turner, Ron Kimberling , Alan Bock, Gene Berkman, and other followers of the Libertarian Caucus after the defections and expulsions of radical libertarians resulting from the 1969 Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Centered in Los Angeles, the CLA claimed to have over 1,000 members by 1970. Other sources put CLA membership at \u201cmore than twelve hundred members\u201d by the end of 1969, although such numbers may be generous considering the unorganized structure of CLA. The breakout year for libertarians was 1969. After the traditionalist (trads) and libertarian (libs or rads) bifurcation at the 1969 YAF convention, many student libertaria alliances withdrew from the conservative ranks, joined or loosely associated with Society for Individual Liberty (SIL) or, in California, with the CLA. In particular, Dana Rohrabacher (\u201cJohnny Grass-Seed\u201d) and his cadre were instrumental in spreading the CLA and libertarian message, taking the role of libertarian troubadour, \u201cseeding local LA\u2019s with ex-YAFers.\u201d Many libertarian leaders in California, including Rohrabacher, were also involved with SIL, since CLA was loosely-affiliated with the larger East coast organization. During this time period, CLA leaders, radical libertarians and market anarchists were increasingly vocal in their repudiation of the conservative establishment, where Rohrabacher declared: \u201cWe recognize the fact that the U.S. in its economic and social manipulation of individuals\u2019 lives and property, is reminiscent of the fascist tyrannies of the past.\u201d", "Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher\u2013Blumenauer amendment) is legislation first introduced by U.S. Rep. Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect. Initially introduced by Rep. Hinchey in 2001, the amendment was withdrawn before it could be brought to a vote. In 2003, Hinchey joined with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher to introduce the amendment, leading to a 152\u2013273 defeat the first time the amendment was voted on. The Hinchey\u2013Rohrabacher amendment failed five more times over the next decade, until it passed the House (as the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment) by a 219\u2013189 vote on May 30, 2014, as an attachment to the Commerce, Justice, and Science Appropriations bill for fiscal year 2015. The amendment was then introduced in the Senate by Sens. Rand Paul and Cory Booker on June 18, but was not allowed a vote. In December, however, the amendment was inserted into the $1.1 trillion \"cromnibus\" spending bill during final negotiations, and the bill was signed into law by President Obama on December 16, 2014.", "\u2013Rohrabacher amendment until Rep. Hinchey retired in January 2013, after which Reps. Dana Rohrabacher and Sam Farr took over as lead sponsor and co-sponsor. In January 2017, Rep. Farr retired from Congress, with Rep. Earl Blumenauer taking over as future lead co-sponsor. The vote totals for the amendment are as follows: The passage of the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment in 2014 was noted for its rare bipartisan support, garnering the approval of 49 Republicans and 170 Democrats. Among the notable \"no\" votes was DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz, who was the only member of Democratic leadership to vote against it. The medical cannabis advocacy group Americans for Safe Access subsequently targeted Schultz with a TV ad criticizing her vote against the amendment. The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment passed the House in 2015 with the support of 67 Republicans and 175 Democrats. The full text of the 2014 House amendment was as follows: None of the funds made available in this Act to the Department of Justice may be used, with respect to the States of Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin, to prevent such States from implementing their own State laws that authorize the use, distribution, possession, or cultivation of medical marijuana. The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment became law in December 2014, but initially failed to have its intended impact, due to the Justice Department interpreting the amendment in an incorrect manner (as later determined by a pair of court rulings).", "The Future of Freedom Conference The Future of Freedom Conference is considered as the first explicitly libertarian conference series ever held in the United States. Debuting in 1969, the conference's keynote speaker was Austrian economist Prof. Ludwig von Mises. More than 200 students attended the Ludwig von Mises Conference that was held at Long Beach State University, now known as California State University, Long Beach, in May 1969, in response to Young Americans for Freedom's (YAF) purges of libertarian leaders just before the infamous national YAF St. Louis convention in August 1969. In early March 1969, Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel, co-chairs of California YAF, were removed by National YAF. Many purged leaders, and county chairs would eventually organize a new student organization called the California Libertarian Alliance (CLA). One of their first endeavors was to hold a gathering of libertarian leaders, writers and economists. The idea to have some type of gathering evolved into a full-fledged conference at a college. The conference was initially planned and organized under the leadership of Dana Rohrabacher, who was the main founder and chairman of the Libertarian Caucus of YAF from 1966 to 69. Dana Rohrabacher, known as the \"Johnny Grass-seed\" of radical YAFers, later became a journalist, a speechwriter for President Reagan, and a U.S. Congressman in Southern California. Other purged YAF members involved in the 1969 conference included the following:  Gene Berkman, draft resister, later to become owner of Renaissance Books in Riverside, CA; Bill \"Shawn\" Steel, USC student and statewide chairman of Youth for Reagan, later to become an attorney, a founder of the California Libertarian Party, and chairman of the California Republican Party;", "Congressional Cannabis Caucus The Congressional Cannabis Caucus is a bipartisan registered Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress, which was formed during the 115th United States Congress in 2017. The caucus was founded by Republicans Dana Rohrabacher and Don Young and Democrats Earl Blumenauer and Jared Polis. The goal of the caucus is to harmonize federal laws that prohibit medical and recreational cannabis use with state laws that permit it. Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California, coauthored the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment, which was passed by the 113th United States Congress in 2014. The amendment prevented the United States Department of Justice from using its funding to challenge states that have approved medical cannabis laws. Meanwhile, Earl Blumenauer, a member of House of Representatives from Oregon in the Democratic Party, supported Oregon Ballot Measure 91 in 2014, legalizing recreational cannabis in Oregon. Rohrabacher endorsed the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, which legalized recreational cannabis in California in 2016, and acknowledged using medical cannabis to treat his arthritis. In 2016, Blumenauer and Rohrabacher agreed to form a congressional caucus to streamline cannabis reform legislation at the federal level, considering it a states' rights issue. In February 2017, Rohrabacher and Blumenauer launched the caucus with Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, and Don Young a Republican from Alaska. The caucus intends to increase medical research into cannabis and change regulations on banking and taxation for cannabis businesses. In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he create any movement that was againt it?", "answer": {"text": "2013, Rohrabacher said \"global warming is a total fraud\" and part of a \"game plan\" by liberals to \"create global government\".", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Dana Rohrabacher's 2013 statements, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Future of Freedom Conference The Future of Freedom Conference is considered as the first explicitly libertarian conference series ever held in the United States. Debuting in 1969, the conference's keynote speaker was Austrian economist Prof. Ludwig von Mises. More than 200 students attended the Ludwig von Mises Conference that was held at Long Beach State University, now known as California State University, Long Beach, in May 1969, in response to Young Americans for Freedom's (YAF) purges of libertarian leaders just before the infamous national YAF St. Louis convention in August 1969. In early March 1969, Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel, co-chairs of California YAF, were removed by National YAF. Many purged leaders, and county chairs would eventually organize a new student organization called the California Libertarian Alliance (CLA). One of their first endeavors was to hold a gathering of libertarian leaders, writers and economists. The idea to have some type of gathering evolved into a full-fledged conference at a college. The conference was initially planned and organized under the leadership of Dana Rohrabacher, who was the main founder and chairman of the Libertarian Caucus of YAF from 1966 to 69. Dana Rohrabacher, known as the \"Johnny Grass-seed\" of radical YAFers, later became a journalist, a speechwriter for President Reagan, and a U.S. Congressman in Southern California. Other purged YAF members involved in the 1969 conference included the following:  Gene Berkman, draft resister, later to become owner of Renaissance Books in Riverside, CA; Bill \"Shawn\" Steel, USC student and statewide chairman of Youth for Reagan, later to become an attorney, a founder of the California Libertarian Party, and chairman of the California Republican Party;", "\u2013Rohrabacher amendment until Rep. Hinchey retired in January 2013, after which Reps. Dana Rohrabacher and Sam Farr took over as lead sponsor and co-sponsor. In January 2017, Rep. Farr retired from Congress, with Rep. Earl Blumenauer taking over as future lead co-sponsor. The vote totals for the amendment are as follows: The passage of the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment in 2014 was noted for its rare bipartisan support, garnering the approval of 49 Republicans and 170 Democrats. Among the notable \"no\" votes was DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz, who was the only member of Democratic leadership to vote against it. The medical cannabis advocacy group Americans for Safe Access subsequently targeted Schultz with a TV ad criticizing her vote against the amendment. The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment passed the House in 2015 with the support of 67 Republicans and 175 Democrats. The full text of the 2014 House amendment was as follows: None of the funds made available in this Act to the Department of Justice may be used, with respect to the States of Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin, to prevent such States from implementing their own State laws that authorize the use, distribution, possession, or cultivation of medical marijuana. The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment became law in December 2014, but initially failed to have its intended impact, due to the Justice Department interpreting the amendment in an incorrect manner (as later determined by a pair of court rulings).", "Congressional Cannabis Caucus The Congressional Cannabis Caucus is a bipartisan registered Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress, which was formed during the 115th United States Congress in 2017. The caucus was founded by Republicans Dana Rohrabacher and Don Young and Democrats Earl Blumenauer and Jared Polis. The goal of the caucus is to harmonize federal laws that prohibit medical and recreational cannabis use with state laws that permit it. Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California, coauthored the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment, which was passed by the 113th United States Congress in 2014. The amendment prevented the United States Department of Justice from using its funding to challenge states that have approved medical cannabis laws. Meanwhile, Earl Blumenauer, a member of House of Representatives from Oregon in the Democratic Party, supported Oregon Ballot Measure 91 in 2014, legalizing recreational cannabis in Oregon. Rohrabacher endorsed the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, which legalized recreational cannabis in California in 2016, and acknowledged using medical cannabis to treat his arthritis. In 2016, Blumenauer and Rohrabacher agreed to form a congressional caucus to streamline cannabis reform legislation at the federal level, considering it a states' rights issue. In February 2017, Rohrabacher and Blumenauer launched the caucus with Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, and Don Young a Republican from Alaska. The caucus intends to increase medical research into cannabis and change regulations on banking and taxation for cannabis businesses. In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs.", "Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher\u2013Blumenauer amendment) is legislation first introduced by U.S. Rep. Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect. Initially introduced by Rep. Hinchey in 2001, the amendment was withdrawn before it could be brought to a vote. In 2003, Hinchey joined with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher to introduce the amendment, leading to a 152\u2013273 defeat the first time the amendment was voted on. The Hinchey\u2013Rohrabacher amendment failed five more times over the next decade, until it passed the House (as the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment) by a 219\u2013189 vote on May 30, 2014, as an attachment to the Commerce, Justice, and Science Appropriations bill for fiscal year 2015. The amendment was then introduced in the Senate by Sens. Rand Paul and Cory Booker on June 18, but was not allowed a vote. In December, however, the amendment was inserted into the $1.1 trillion \"cromnibus\" spending bill during final negotiations, and the bill was signed into law by President Obama on December 16, 2014.", "California Libertarian Alliance California Libertarian Alliance (CLA) was founded in Oct. 1969, spearheaded by Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel and supported by John Schurman, Dennis Turner, Ron Kimberling , Alan Bock, Gene Berkman, and other followers of the Libertarian Caucus after the defections and expulsions of radical libertarians resulting from the 1969 Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Centered in Los Angeles, the CLA claimed to have over 1,000 members by 1970. Other sources put CLA membership at \u201cmore than twelve hundred members\u201d by the end of 1969, although such numbers may be generous considering the unorganized structure of CLA. The breakout year for libertarians was 1969. After the traditionalist (trads) and libertarian (libs or rads) bifurcation at the 1969 YAF convention, many student libertaria alliances withdrew from the conservative ranks, joined or loosely associated with Society for Individual Liberty (SIL) or, in California, with the CLA. In particular, Dana Rohrabacher (\u201cJohnny Grass-Seed\u201d) and his cadre were instrumental in spreading the CLA and libertarian message, taking the role of libertarian troubadour, \u201cseeding local LA\u2019s with ex-YAFers.\u201d Many libertarian leaders in California, including Rohrabacher, were also involved with SIL, since CLA was loosely-affiliated with the larger East coast organization. During this time period, CLA leaders, radical libertarians and market anarchists were increasingly vocal in their repudiation of the conservative establishment, where Rohrabacher declared: \u201cWe recognize the fact that the U.S. in its economic and social manipulation of individuals\u2019 lives and property, is reminiscent of the fascist tyrannies of the past.\u201d"], "answer": {"text": "Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics.", "answer_start": 960}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he create any movement that was againt it?", "answer": {"text": "2013, Rohrabacher said \"global warming is a total fraud\" and part of a \"game plan\" by liberals to \"create global government\".", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have any opposition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#4", "question": "Which other names were mentioned in his movement against global warming?", "rewrite": "Other than a global agenda, which other names were mentioned in Dana Rohrabacher's movement against global warming?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The Future of Freedom Conference The Future of Freedom Conference is considered as the first explicitly libertarian conference series ever held in the United States. Debuting in 1969, the conference's keynote speaker was Austrian economist Prof. Ludwig von Mises. More than 200 students attended the Ludwig von Mises Conference that was held at Long Beach State University, now known as California State University, Long Beach, in May 1969, in response to Young Americans for Freedom's (YAF) purges of libertarian leaders just before the infamous national YAF St. Louis convention in August 1969. In early March 1969, Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel, co-chairs of California YAF, were removed by National YAF. Many purged leaders, and county chairs would eventually organize a new student organization called the California Libertarian Alliance (CLA). One of their first endeavors was to hold a gathering of libertarian leaders, writers and economists. The idea to have some type of gathering evolved into a full-fledged conference at a college. The conference was initially planned and organized under the leadership of Dana Rohrabacher, who was the main founder and chairman of the Libertarian Caucus of YAF from 1966 to 69. Dana Rohrabacher, known as the \"Johnny Grass-seed\" of radical YAFers, later became a journalist, a speechwriter for President Reagan, and a U.S. Congressman in Southern California. Other purged YAF members involved in the 1969 conference included the following:  Gene Berkman, draft resister, later to become owner of Renaissance Books in Riverside, CA; Bill \"Shawn\" Steel, USC student and statewide chairman of Youth for Reagan, later to become an attorney, a founder of the California Libertarian Party, and chairman of the California Republican Party;", "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans. During a congressional hearing on climate change on February 8, 2007, Rohrabacher mused that previous warming cycles may have been caused by carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by \"dinosaur flatulence\": \"In fact, it is assumed at best to be unproven and at worst a liberal claptrap, trendy, but soon to go out of style in our new Congress.\" Politico and the New York Times reported that on May 25, 2011, Rohrabacher expressed further skepticism regarding the existence of man-made global warming and suggested that, if global warming is an issue, a possible solution could be clear-cutting rain forests, and replanting. These reports sparked strong criticism by some scientists, including Oliver Phillips, a geography professor at the University of Leeds. They noted the consensus that intact forests act as net absorbers of carbon, reducing global warming. In response, Rohrabacher stated,  Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics. I do not believe that CO2 is a cause of global warming, nor have I ever advocated the reduction of CO2 through the clearing of rainforests or cutting down older trees to prevent global warming. But that is how my question to a witness during my subcommittee hearing on May 25th is being reported. I simply asked the witness, Dr. Todd Stern, who is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings, if he was considering a policy that would address naturally emitted carbon dioxide, which makes up over 90% of emissions. To suggest that I'm advocating such a radical approach instead of simply questioning the policy is a total misrepresentation of my position. Rohrabacher does not believe that global warming is a problem.", "Global Agenda Global Agenda is a class based shooter online team-based game by Hi-Rez Studios developed using Unreal Engine 3. \" Global Agenda\" was started in 2005 as the studio's first project, The game went live on February 1, 2010. In April 2011, \"Global Agenda\" was re-released as a free-to-play game. The game features a third-person camera view, although some weapons allow scoping in a first-person view using a mouse action. Characters have jetpacks, as well as various weapon types, including melee. \" Global Agenda\" features a large degree of variability in player appearance with unique achievement based flair items; almost all player items can be re-colored using dyes for additional personalization. \"Global Agenda\"s lore and gameplay center around Dome City, which acts as an open world lobby. Players can explore and shop, boosted players can use their jetpacks, but weapons and skills are disabled. Most of the game revolves around mercenary matches (PvP) or instances (PvE). There are two playable open world zones, the Sonoran Desert and North Sonora. Players can also take part in Agency vs Agency (AvA) which is \"Global Agenda\"s guild-centric competitive mode. The game features four classes: Assault, Recon, Medic, and Robotics. All have customizable skill trees and their own weapons. Players can reset their skills at any time and at no cost while in Dome City. As a result, in order to have access to every specialization of every class, a player needs four characters, one for each class. \"Global Agenda\" includes almost no randomness; the same hit from the same weapon under the same circumstances always does the same damage. All weapons with innate inaccuracy are fast firing, minimizing the impact of random bullet trajectory on gameplay.", "Congressional Cannabis Caucus The Congressional Cannabis Caucus is a bipartisan registered Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress, which was formed during the 115th United States Congress in 2017. The caucus was founded by Republicans Dana Rohrabacher and Don Young and Democrats Earl Blumenauer and Jared Polis. The goal of the caucus is to harmonize federal laws that prohibit medical and recreational cannabis use with state laws that permit it. Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California, coauthored the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment, which was passed by the 113th United States Congress in 2014. The amendment prevented the United States Department of Justice from using its funding to challenge states that have approved medical cannabis laws. Meanwhile, Earl Blumenauer, a member of House of Representatives from Oregon in the Democratic Party, supported Oregon Ballot Measure 91 in 2014, legalizing recreational cannabis in Oregon. Rohrabacher endorsed the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, which legalized recreational cannabis in California in 2016, and acknowledged using medical cannabis to treat his arthritis. In 2016, Blumenauer and Rohrabacher agreed to form a congressional caucus to streamline cannabis reform legislation at the federal level, considering it a states' rights issue. In February 2017, Rohrabacher and Blumenauer launched the caucus with Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, and Don Young a Republican from Alaska. The caucus intends to increase medical research into cannabis and change regulations on banking and taxation for cannabis businesses. In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs.", "California Libertarian Alliance California Libertarian Alliance (CLA) was founded in Oct. 1969, spearheaded by Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel and supported by John Schurman, Dennis Turner, Ron Kimberling , Alan Bock, Gene Berkman, and other followers of the Libertarian Caucus after the defections and expulsions of radical libertarians resulting from the 1969 Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Centered in Los Angeles, the CLA claimed to have over 1,000 members by 1970. Other sources put CLA membership at \u201cmore than twelve hundred members\u201d by the end of 1969, although such numbers may be generous considering the unorganized structure of CLA. The breakout year for libertarians was 1969. After the traditionalist (trads) and libertarian (libs or rads) bifurcation at the 1969 YAF convention, many student libertaria alliances withdrew from the conservative ranks, joined or loosely associated with Society for Individual Liberty (SIL) or, in California, with the CLA. In particular, Dana Rohrabacher (\u201cJohnny Grass-Seed\u201d) and his cadre were instrumental in spreading the CLA and libertarian message, taking the role of libertarian troubadour, \u201cseeding local LA\u2019s with ex-YAFers.\u201d Many libertarian leaders in California, including Rohrabacher, were also involved with SIL, since CLA was loosely-affiliated with the larger East coast organization. During this time period, CLA leaders, radical libertarians and market anarchists were increasingly vocal in their repudiation of the conservative establishment, where Rohrabacher declared: \u201cWe recognize the fact that the U.S. in its economic and social manipulation of individuals\u2019 lives and property, is reminiscent of the fascist tyrannies of the past.\u201d"], "answer": {"text": "Dr. Todd Stern,", "answer_start": 1398}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he create any movement that was againt it?", "answer": {"text": "2013, Rohrabacher said \"global warming is a total fraud\" and part of a \"game plan\" by liberals to \"create global government\".", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have any opposition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics.", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#5", "question": "What was his role in the movement?", "rewrite": "What was Dr. Todd Stern's role in the global warming movement?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Mary Peters, the Transportation Secretary at that time, personally directed US efforts to urge governors and dozens of members of the House of Representatives to block California's first-in-the-nation limits on greenhouse gases from cars and trucks, according to e-mails obtained by Congress. New Energy for America is a plan to invest in renewable energy, reduce reliance on foreign oil, address the global climate crisis, and make coal a less competitive energy source. It was announced during Barack Obama's presidential campaign. On November 17, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama proposed, in a talk recorded for YouTube, that the US should enter a cap and trade system to limit global warming. President Obama established a new office in the White House, the White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy, and selected Carol Browner as Assistant to the President for Energy and Climate Change. Browner is a former administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and was a principal of The Albright Group LLC, a firm that provides strategic advice to companies. The American Clean Energy and Security Act, a cap and trade bill, was passed on June 26, 2009 in the House of Representatives, but was not passed by the Senate. On January 27, 2009, Secretary of State Clinton appointed Todd Stern as the department's Special Envoy for Climate Change. Clinton said, \"With the appointment today of a special envoy we are sending an unequivocal message that the United States will be energetic, focused, strategic and serious about addressing global climate change and the corollary issue of clean energy.\" Stern, who had coordinated global warming policy in the late 1990s under the Bill Clinton administration, said that \"The time for denial, delay and dispute is over... We can only meet the climate challenge with a response that is genuinely global. We will need to engage in vigorous, dramatic diplomacy.\"", "How Global Warming Works How Global Warming Works is a website developed by Michael Ranney, a professor of cognitive psychology at the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California, United States. The stated goal of the website is to educate the public on the mechanisms of global warming, which was motivated by research Ranney and colleagues conducted on attitudes towards and understanding of global warming. The motivation for the website came from two studies conducted by Ranney and colleagues. In the first study, they hypothesized that one of the factors explaining why fewer Americans believe in global warming than do people in other industrialized nations is that they do not understand the mechanism of global warming. To test this hypothesis, they anonymously surveyed 270 park visitors and community college students in San Diego. They reported that none of the 270 participants could explain the basic mechanism of global warming even though 80% thought that global warming was real and that 77% thought that humans contributed to it. In the second study, they hypothesized that if people understood the mechanism of global warming, their understanding and acceptance of it would increase. Using a 400-word explanation of global warming they tested their hypothesis on students from the University of California, Berkeley and from the University of Texas at Brownsville. The following summary of the explanation given to the students to read was provided in \"Scientific American\": They reported that by reading a brief description of the mechanism of global warming, participants in the study increased both their understanding and acceptance of global warming. These results, which have been repeatedly replicated, motivated them to launch a new website with the aim of providing website visitors with videos of the mechanisms of global warming so that they could educate themselves on how global warming works. The website provides videos ranging from 52 seconds to under 5 minutes that describe and illustrate the mechanisms of global warming.", "An Inconsistent Truth An Inconsistent Truth is a 2012 documentary film written, produced, and featuring, nationally syndicated conservative talk radio host Phil Valentine and directed by Shayne Edwards. Valentine, who disagrees with the scientific consensus on global warming, interviewed scientists about the validity of Al Gore's film \"An Inconvenient Truth\" and the facts presented within. The scientists he interviews deny that there is a consensus on the issue of global warming or climate change. The film argues that global warming proponents keep changing its label, basing their argument on what Valentine says is shaky scientific ground. \"An Inconsistent Truth\" is Valentine's investigation into man-made global warming. The title alludes to Al Gore's documentary \"An Inconvenient Truth\". Valentine talks with scientists and politicians who are skeptical of human caused global warming, and explores the culture of the global warming movement; often in a satirical way. The topics covered include being called a pollutant, Gore's contention that polar bears are dying off and the global ice is melting, among others. Valentine also delves into the motivation behind the movement. The film features a 1985 Mercedes 300D, named Bennie the BioBenz , Valentine bought with the purpose of running it on biodiesel. Valentine makes his own biodiesel by collecting used vegetable oil and running it through a machine called the Fuelmeister. Bennie the BioBenz underwent a facelift prior to its close-ups in the movie from Vogely & Todd Paint and Body Shop in Nashville, TN. When Valentine bought Bennie it had a crushed right front fender, and then the car delivery service damaged Bennie's hood. Valentine purchased a used fender from a junk dealer in Memphis, and the hood was replaced. The car was stripped down to the metal and repainted as well as having its interior restored.", "Global warming game A global warming game, also known as a climate game or a climate change game, is a type of serious game. As a serious game, it attempts to simulate and explore real life issues to educate players through an interactive experience. The issues particular to a global warming video game are usually energy efficiency and the implementation of green technology as ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus counteract global warming. Global warming games also include more traditional board games, video games, as well as other varieties. The primary objectives of global warming games are twofold: The first objective is universal to global warming games. The issues surrounding global warming commonly included are emissions and the emission of other greenhouse gases, the melting of the polar ice caps, sea-level rise, natural disasters and massive changes to lifestyles caused by global warming. Games that do not go beyond the objective of knowledge and familiarity tend to be designed for younger audiences. Games designed for young children often only have the goal to engage the children enough to excite their attention to focus on these basic concepts. The second objective is integrated into games in a variety of ways. Sometimes demonstrating the challenges of confronting global warming are put directly into the style of gameplay, e.g. to demonstrate the difficulty of international cooperation, players are made to represent different countries and are required to negotiate to fulfill game objectives. Other times, the game includes the challenges as a part of the mechanics , e.g. building 'green factories' is more expensive than building 'black factories.' The final objective is shared by the most interactive and engaging global warming games. Developing solutions to global warming includes two major types of response: mitigation of emissions and global warming's effects, and adaptation to live sustainably in a new climate. Typically players are given a variety of different options so that they may come up with a number of different creative solutions.", "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans. During a congressional hearing on climate change on February 8, 2007, Rohrabacher mused that previous warming cycles may have been caused by carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by \"dinosaur flatulence\": \"In fact, it is assumed at best to be unproven and at worst a liberal claptrap, trendy, but soon to go out of style in our new Congress.\" Politico and the New York Times reported that on May 25, 2011, Rohrabacher expressed further skepticism regarding the existence of man-made global warming and suggested that, if global warming is an issue, a possible solution could be clear-cutting rain forests, and replanting. These reports sparked strong criticism by some scientists, including Oliver Phillips, a geography professor at the University of Leeds. They noted the consensus that intact forests act as net absorbers of carbon, reducing global warming. In response, Rohrabacher stated,  Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics. I do not believe that CO2 is a cause of global warming, nor have I ever advocated the reduction of CO2 through the clearing of rainforests or cutting down older trees to prevent global warming. But that is how my question to a witness during my subcommittee hearing on May 25th is being reported. I simply asked the witness, Dr. Todd Stern, who is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings, if he was considering a policy that would address naturally emitted carbon dioxide, which makes up over 90% of emissions. To suggest that I'm advocating such a radical approach instead of simply questioning the policy is a total misrepresentation of my position. Rohrabacher does not believe that global warming is a problem."], "answer": {"text": "is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings,", "answer_start": 1418}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he create any movement that was againt it?", "answer": {"text": "2013, Rohrabacher said \"global warming is a total fraud\" and part of a \"game plan\" by liberals to \"create global government\".", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have any opposition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics.", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other names were mentioned in his movement against global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Dr. Todd Stern,", "answer_start": 1398, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#6", "question": "Is there any other political movement that he was involved in?", "rewrite": "Besides global warming, is there any other political movement that Dana Rohrabacher was involved in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Congressional Cannabis Caucus The Congressional Cannabis Caucus is a bipartisan registered Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress, which was formed during the 115th United States Congress in 2017. The caucus was founded by Republicans Dana Rohrabacher and Don Young and Democrats Earl Blumenauer and Jared Polis. The goal of the caucus is to harmonize federal laws that prohibit medical and recreational cannabis use with state laws that permit it. Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California, coauthored the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment, which was passed by the 113th United States Congress in 2014. The amendment prevented the United States Department of Justice from using its funding to challenge states that have approved medical cannabis laws. Meanwhile, Earl Blumenauer, a member of House of Representatives from Oregon in the Democratic Party, supported Oregon Ballot Measure 91 in 2014, legalizing recreational cannabis in Oregon. Rohrabacher endorsed the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, which legalized recreational cannabis in California in 2016, and acknowledged using medical cannabis to treat his arthritis. In 2016, Blumenauer and Rohrabacher agreed to form a congressional caucus to streamline cannabis reform legislation at the federal level, considering it a states' rights issue. In February 2017, Rohrabacher and Blumenauer launched the caucus with Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, and Don Young a Republican from Alaska. The caucus intends to increase medical research into cannabis and change regulations on banking and taxation for cannabis businesses. In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs.", "Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher\u2013Blumenauer amendment) is legislation first introduced by U.S. Rep. Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect. Initially introduced by Rep. Hinchey in 2001, the amendment was withdrawn before it could be brought to a vote. In 2003, Hinchey joined with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher to introduce the amendment, leading to a 152\u2013273 defeat the first time the amendment was voted on. The Hinchey\u2013Rohrabacher amendment failed five more times over the next decade, until it passed the House (as the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment) by a 219\u2013189 vote on May 30, 2014, as an attachment to the Commerce, Justice, and Science Appropriations bill for fiscal year 2015. The amendment was then introduced in the Senate by Sens. Rand Paul and Cory Booker on June 18, but was not allowed a vote. In December, however, the amendment was inserted into the $1.1 trillion \"cromnibus\" spending bill during final negotiations, and the bill was signed into law by President Obama on December 16, 2014.", "California Libertarian Alliance California Libertarian Alliance (CLA) was founded in Oct. 1969, spearheaded by Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel and supported by John Schurman, Dennis Turner, Ron Kimberling , Alan Bock, Gene Berkman, and other followers of the Libertarian Caucus after the defections and expulsions of radical libertarians resulting from the 1969 Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Centered in Los Angeles, the CLA claimed to have over 1,000 members by 1970. Other sources put CLA membership at \u201cmore than twelve hundred members\u201d by the end of 1969, although such numbers may be generous considering the unorganized structure of CLA. The breakout year for libertarians was 1969. After the traditionalist (trads) and libertarian (libs or rads) bifurcation at the 1969 YAF convention, many student libertaria alliances withdrew from the conservative ranks, joined or loosely associated with Society for Individual Liberty (SIL) or, in California, with the CLA. In particular, Dana Rohrabacher (\u201cJohnny Grass-Seed\u201d) and his cadre were instrumental in spreading the CLA and libertarian message, taking the role of libertarian troubadour, \u201cseeding local LA\u2019s with ex-YAFers.\u201d Many libertarian leaders in California, including Rohrabacher, were also involved with SIL, since CLA was loosely-affiliated with the larger East coast organization. During this time period, CLA leaders, radical libertarians and market anarchists were increasingly vocal in their repudiation of the conservative establishment, where Rohrabacher declared: \u201cWe recognize the fact that the U.S. in its economic and social manipulation of individuals\u2019 lives and property, is reminiscent of the fascist tyrannies of the past.\u201d", "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans. During a congressional hearing on climate change on February 8, 2007, Rohrabacher mused that previous warming cycles may have been caused by carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by \"dinosaur flatulence\": \"In fact, it is assumed at best to be unproven and at worst a liberal claptrap, trendy, but soon to go out of style in our new Congress.\" Politico and the New York Times reported that on May 25, 2011, Rohrabacher expressed further skepticism regarding the existence of man-made global warming and suggested that, if global warming is an issue, a possible solution could be clear-cutting rain forests, and replanting. These reports sparked strong criticism by some scientists, including Oliver Phillips, a geography professor at the University of Leeds. They noted the consensus that intact forests act as net absorbers of carbon, reducing global warming. In response, Rohrabacher stated,  Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics. I do not believe that CO2 is a cause of global warming, nor have I ever advocated the reduction of CO2 through the clearing of rainforests or cutting down older trees to prevent global warming. But that is how my question to a witness during my subcommittee hearing on May 25th is being reported. I simply asked the witness, Dr. Todd Stern, who is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings, if he was considering a policy that would address naturally emitted carbon dioxide, which makes up over 90% of emissions. To suggest that I'm advocating such a radical approach instead of simply questioning the policy is a total misrepresentation of my position. Rohrabacher does not believe that global warming is a problem.", "The Future of Freedom Conference The Future of Freedom Conference is considered as the first explicitly libertarian conference series ever held in the United States. Debuting in 1969, the conference's keynote speaker was Austrian economist Prof. Ludwig von Mises. More than 200 students attended the Ludwig von Mises Conference that was held at Long Beach State University, now known as California State University, Long Beach, in May 1969, in response to Young Americans for Freedom's (YAF) purges of libertarian leaders just before the infamous national YAF St. Louis convention in August 1969. In early March 1969, Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel, co-chairs of California YAF, were removed by National YAF. Many purged leaders, and county chairs would eventually organize a new student organization called the California Libertarian Alliance (CLA). One of their first endeavors was to hold a gathering of libertarian leaders, writers and economists. The idea to have some type of gathering evolved into a full-fledged conference at a college. The conference was initially planned and organized under the leadership of Dana Rohrabacher, who was the main founder and chairman of the Libertarian Caucus of YAF from 1966 to 69. Dana Rohrabacher, known as the \"Johnny Grass-seed\" of radical YAFers, later became a journalist, a speechwriter for President Reagan, and a U.S. Congressman in Southern California. Other purged YAF members involved in the 1969 conference included the following:  Gene Berkman, draft resister, later to become owner of Renaissance Books in Riverside, CA; Bill \"Shawn\" Steel, USC student and statewide chairman of Youth for Reagan, later to become an attorney, a founder of the California Libertarian Party, and chairman of the California Republican Party;"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he create any movement that was againt it?", "answer": {"text": "2013, Rohrabacher said \"global warming is a total fraud\" and part of a \"game plan\" by liberals to \"create global government\".", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have any opposition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics.", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other names were mentioned in his movement against global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Dr. Todd Stern,", "answer_start": 1398, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role in the movement?", "answer": {"text": "is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings,", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6755febfdfcc489286acb4f1a8f4b340_0_q#7", "question": "Which political party does he belong?", "rewrite": "Which political party does Dana Rohrabacher belong?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["California Libertarian Alliance California Libertarian Alliance (CLA) was founded in Oct. 1969, spearheaded by Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel and supported by John Schurman, Dennis Turner, Ron Kimberling , Alan Bock, Gene Berkman, and other followers of the Libertarian Caucus after the defections and expulsions of radical libertarians resulting from the 1969 Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) convention in St. Louis, Missouri. Centered in Los Angeles, the CLA claimed to have over 1,000 members by 1970. Other sources put CLA membership at \u201cmore than twelve hundred members\u201d by the end of 1969, although such numbers may be generous considering the unorganized structure of CLA. The breakout year for libertarians was 1969. After the traditionalist (trads) and libertarian (libs or rads) bifurcation at the 1969 YAF convention, many student libertaria alliances withdrew from the conservative ranks, joined or loosely associated with Society for Individual Liberty (SIL) or, in California, with the CLA. In particular, Dana Rohrabacher (\u201cJohnny Grass-Seed\u201d) and his cadre were instrumental in spreading the CLA and libertarian message, taking the role of libertarian troubadour, \u201cseeding local LA\u2019s with ex-YAFers.\u201d Many libertarian leaders in California, including Rohrabacher, were also involved with SIL, since CLA was loosely-affiliated with the larger East coast organization. During this time period, CLA leaders, radical libertarians and market anarchists were increasingly vocal in their repudiation of the conservative establishment, where Rohrabacher declared: \u201cWe recognize the fact that the U.S. in its economic and social manipulation of individuals\u2019 lives and property, is reminiscent of the fascist tyrannies of the past.\u201d", "\u2013Rohrabacher amendment until Rep. Hinchey retired in January 2013, after which Reps. Dana Rohrabacher and Sam Farr took over as lead sponsor and co-sponsor. In January 2017, Rep. Farr retired from Congress, with Rep. Earl Blumenauer taking over as future lead co-sponsor. The vote totals for the amendment are as follows: The passage of the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment in 2014 was noted for its rare bipartisan support, garnering the approval of 49 Republicans and 170 Democrats. Among the notable \"no\" votes was DNC Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz, who was the only member of Democratic leadership to vote against it. The medical cannabis advocacy group Americans for Safe Access subsequently targeted Schultz with a TV ad criticizing her vote against the amendment. The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment passed the House in 2015 with the support of 67 Republicans and 175 Democrats. The full text of the 2014 House amendment was as follows: None of the funds made available in this Act to the Department of Justice may be used, with respect to the States of Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin, to prevent such States from implementing their own State laws that authorize the use, distribution, possession, or cultivation of medical marijuana. The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment became law in December 2014, but initially failed to have its intended impact, due to the Justice Department interpreting the amendment in an incorrect manner (as later determined by a pair of court rulings).", "The Future of Freedom Conference The Future of Freedom Conference is considered as the first explicitly libertarian conference series ever held in the United States. Debuting in 1969, the conference's keynote speaker was Austrian economist Prof. Ludwig von Mises. More than 200 students attended the Ludwig von Mises Conference that was held at Long Beach State University, now known as California State University, Long Beach, in May 1969, in response to Young Americans for Freedom's (YAF) purges of libertarian leaders just before the infamous national YAF St. Louis convention in August 1969. In early March 1969, Dana Rohrabacher and William \"Shawn\" Steel, co-chairs of California YAF, were removed by National YAF. Many purged leaders, and county chairs would eventually organize a new student organization called the California Libertarian Alliance (CLA). One of their first endeavors was to hold a gathering of libertarian leaders, writers and economists. The idea to have some type of gathering evolved into a full-fledged conference at a college. The conference was initially planned and organized under the leadership of Dana Rohrabacher, who was the main founder and chairman of the Libertarian Caucus of YAF from 1966 to 69. Dana Rohrabacher, known as the \"Johnny Grass-seed\" of radical YAFers, later became a journalist, a speechwriter for President Reagan, and a U.S. Congressman in Southern California. Other purged YAF members involved in the 1969 conference included the following:  Gene Berkman, draft resister, later to become owner of Renaissance Books in Riverside, CA; Bill \"Shawn\" Steel, USC student and statewide chairman of Youth for Reagan, later to become an attorney, a founder of the California Libertarian Party, and chairman of the California Republican Party;", "Congressional Cannabis Caucus The Congressional Cannabis Caucus is a bipartisan registered Congressional Member Organization in the United States Congress, which was formed during the 115th United States Congress in 2017. The caucus was founded by Republicans Dana Rohrabacher and Don Young and Democrats Earl Blumenauer and Jared Polis. The goal of the caucus is to harmonize federal laws that prohibit medical and recreational cannabis use with state laws that permit it. Dana Rohrabacher, a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from California, coauthored the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment, which was passed by the 113th United States Congress in 2014. The amendment prevented the United States Department of Justice from using its funding to challenge states that have approved medical cannabis laws. Meanwhile, Earl Blumenauer, a member of House of Representatives from Oregon in the Democratic Party, supported Oregon Ballot Measure 91 in 2014, legalizing recreational cannabis in Oregon. Rohrabacher endorsed the Adult Use of Marijuana Act, which legalized recreational cannabis in California in 2016, and acknowledged using medical cannabis to treat his arthritis. In 2016, Blumenauer and Rohrabacher agreed to form a congressional caucus to streamline cannabis reform legislation at the federal level, considering it a states' rights issue. In February 2017, Rohrabacher and Blumenauer launched the caucus with Jared Polis, a Democrat from Colorado, and Don Young a Republican from Alaska. The caucus intends to increase medical research into cannabis and change regulations on banking and taxation for cannabis businesses. In the 116th Congress, Rohrbacher and Polis left Congress and were replaced by Barbara Lee, a Democrat from California, and David Joyce, a Republican from Ohio, as co-chairs.", "Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment The Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment (also known as the Rohrabacher\u2013Blumenauer amendment) is legislation first introduced by U.S. Rep. Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect. Initially introduced by Rep. Hinchey in 2001, the amendment was withdrawn before it could be brought to a vote. In 2003, Hinchey joined with Rep. Dana Rohrabacher to introduce the amendment, leading to a 152\u2013273 defeat the first time the amendment was voted on. The Hinchey\u2013Rohrabacher amendment failed five more times over the next decade, until it passed the House (as the Rohrabacher\u2013Farr amendment) by a 219\u2013189 vote on May 30, 2014, as an attachment to the Commerce, Justice, and Science Appropriations bill for fiscal year 2015. The amendment was then introduced in the Senate by Sens. Rand Paul and Cory Booker on June 18, but was not allowed a vote. In December, however, the amendment was inserted into the $1.1 trillion \"cromnibus\" spending bill during final negotiations, and the bill was signed into law by President Obama on December 16, 2014."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the relation between Dana Rohrabacher and Global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Rohrabacher doubts that global warming is caused by humans.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he create any movement that was againt it?", "answer": {"text": "2013, Rohrabacher said \"global warming is a total fraud\" and part of a \"game plan\" by liberals to \"create global government\".", "answer_start": 65, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he have any opposition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Once again those with a global agenda have created a straw man by misrepresenting the position of their critics.", "answer_start": 960, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Which other names were mentioned in his movement against global warming?", "answer": {"text": "Dr. Todd Stern,", "answer_start": 1398, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role in the movement?", "answer": {"text": "is a supporter of a global climate treaty that would dramatically hurt the standard of living for millions of human beings,", "answer_start": 1418, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there any other political movement that he was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2455d4234c9e48a6ae924d73bda765c6_1_q#0", "question": "When was Michele Bachmann born?", "rewrite": "When was Michele Bachmann born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dan Flood, a retired Navy officer, and Tony Hernandez, a businessman who had been running for the U.S. Senate, sought the Republican nomination to challenge McCollum. Hernandez won the Republican primary and will face McCollum on the November ballot. The home of Republican U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann, who has represented Minnesota's 6th congressional district since 2007, was drawn into the 4th district in redistricting; however Bachmann sought re-election in the 6th district. McCollum retained her seat, defeating Hernandez. Minnesota's 5th congressional district has been represented by Democrat Keith Ellison since 2007. Gary Boisclair, an anti-abortion activist, and Gregg Iverson unsuccessfully challenged Ellison in the Democratic primary. In redistricting, the 5th district was expanded to include parts of Brooklyn Center, Edina and Minnetonka, and continues to strongly favor Democrats. Chris Fields, a retired U.S. Marine, ran unopposed in the district's Republican primary and faced Ellison on the ballot in November. Ellison easily defeated Fields, carrying about 75% of the vote. Michele Bachmann, who has represented Minnesota's 6th congressional district since 2007 and unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2012, sought re-election. Ron Seiford, an adjunct business instructor at Woodbury's Globe College, and Aubrey Immelman unsuccessfully challenged her in the Republican nomination, though Bachmann won by the lowest margin of any incumbent Republican congressional candidate in 50 years. Jim Graves, a hotel executive, won the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party nomination at the party's convention in April 2012. He defeated Brian McGoldrick, a businessman; Anne Nolan, an attorney and business consultant, and Mike Starr, a substitute schoolteacher. In redistricting, the 6th district was expanded to include Carver County and was made more favorable to Republicans.", "Before fellow Minnesota politician Michele Bachmann entered the race in mid-2011, Pawlenty said, \"I have a lot of respect for Michele Bachmann \u2026 Whether she runs or not, it's gonna be a big field. There's gonna be five, six, seven, eight people running \u2026 Whoever wants to run can run. The more, the merrier. \" In the weeks leading up to the Ames Straw Poll hosted by the Iowa GOP, however, Pawlenty expressed frustration with the perception that Representative Bachmann was the outsider in Minnesota politics and that he was the establishment. In a debate hosted by Fox News Channel and the \"Washington Examiner\" shortly before the poll Pawlenty challenged Bachmann, claiming that \"in Congress, [Bachmann's] record of accomplishment and results is nonexistent.\" Although Pawlenty had a top three result in the Ames poll on August 13 (after Bachmann and Ron Paul) and stated that \"[w]e made progress in moving from the back of the pack into a competitive position for the caucuses\", some analysts were of the view that with him receiving less than half of Bachmann's vote, Pawlenty had failed to reassure his prospective supporters and donors that his campaign was not stalled. Following his poor showing in the Ames Straw Poll, where he received only 13.57% of the votes cast, behind second-place Ron Paul and winner Michele Bachmann, Pawlenty announced on ABC News's \"This Week\" he was ending his campaign for the Republican nomination:", "Michele Bachmann 2012 presidential campaign The 2012 presidential campaign of Michele Bachmann, Congresswoman of Minnesota, began in June 2011. She ran for the 2012 Republican Party nomination for president of the United States. Bachmann announced she was running for president during the CNN Republican primary debate held June 13, 2011, and made her formal announcement two weeks later in her hometown of Waterloo, Iowa. She suspended her campaign on January 4, 2012, after coming in sixth at the 2012 Iowa caucus elections. In early 2011, the media speculated about Bachmann's potential run for president. \" The New Republic\" called her \"a serious contender for 2012. \" Her visit planned for January 21 to the state of Iowa, which holds the first caucuses of the season, raised suspicions after several aides hinted that she would make a bid for the White House. In the midst of much speculation about a run for the presidency, Bachmann visited Iowa on January 21, 2011, to address the conservative group Iowans for Tax Relief. Bachmann said, \"There's been no decision about candidacy, but I want to be a part of the conversation.\" Bachmann, born in Iowa and close friend to U.S. Representative Steve King, declared her happiness that Iowans would be the first to weigh in on the candidates: \"I'm so excited. Because I feel like I know you. Because I was born here. I was raised here. These are my values. I feel like we understand each other and I trust you to make that decision. But I also charge you with that decision today.\" Iowa Governor Terry Branstad stated he was greatly impressed by Bachmann's speech and stated that even if she did not run he felt \"she'll certainly have an influence on the debate.\"", "After Perry repeated his assertion that Romney had deleted a line about individual mandates being a model for the nation from reprints of his book, Romney offered Perry a $10,000 bet that he had done no such thing, which Perry declined. Romney's offer was derided as being \"out of touch\" and \"elitist\". Other commentators came to his defence, however, calling it a \"non-story\", remarking that \"you have to say a large amount, because the point is that you know you're not going to lose it\" and \"I am willing to bet $10,000 that ordinary viewers barely even noticed Romney's bet until the punditocracy decided to make it the defining moment of the debate.\" The thirteenth Republican debate was hosted by Fox News and held in Sioux City, Iowa. It was moderated by Bret Baier. Candidates in attendance were Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman, Jr., Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum, and Michele Bachmann in her final debate appearance. After facing criticism for his offer of a $10,000 bet to Rick Perry in the previous debate, Mitt Romney was considered by one commentator to be back \"at his very best\". Once again, Newt Gingrich came in for criticism from all the other candidates, particularly from Michele Bachmann, with special focus given to his opinion of Government-sponsored enterprise and the $1.6 million he received from Freddie Mac. Gingrich responded that Bachmann's relationship with the facts was dubious. Ron Paul again clashed with Bachmann and Rick Santorum over foreign policy and Rick Perry expressed a desire to be \"the Tim Tebow of the Iowa caucuses\".", "On June 18, 2011, Paul won the Southern Republican Leadership Conference straw poll with 41%, winning by a large margin on Jon Huntsman, who trailed second with 25% and Michele Bachmann with 13% (Mitt Romney came in fifth with 5%). On June 19 he again won the Clay County Iowa StrawPoll with 25%, while Michele Bachmann trailed second with 12%. Paul also participated in another debate on August 11, 2011, in Ames, Iowa, and overwhelmingly won the post-debate polls. He then came in second in the Ames Straw Poll with 4,671 votes, narrowly losing to Michele Bachmann by 152 votes or 0.9%, a statistical first-place tie finish according to some in the news media. He received the fourth most votes for a candidate in the history of the Ames Straw Poll. On August 20, in the New Hampshire Young Republicans Straw Poll Paul came again first, again overwhelmingly, with 45%, Mitt Romney trailing second with 10%. On August 27, in the Georgia State GOP Straw Poll Paul came in a close second place behind Georgia resident Herman Cain, who had 26% of the vote, with Paul receiving 25.7%. On September 5, Paul attended the Palmetto Freedom Forum in South Carolina along with fellow candidates Herman Cain, Mitt Romney, Michele Bachmann and Newt Gingrich. The forum was paneled by congressmen Steve King of Iowa, senator Jim DeMint of South Carolina and Dr. Robert P. George, the founder of the American Principles Project which hosted the event. On September 12, Paul attended the Tea Party Republican Presidential debate broadcast by CNN. During the event, Paul received both unexpected \"cheers\" and \"boos\" for his responses to the questions posed by the debate moderators and fellow debate participants."], "answer": {"text": "She graduated from Anoka High School in 1974", "answer_start": 493}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2455d4234c9e48a6ae924d73bda765c6_1_q#1", "question": "Did Bachmann go on to further her education after High School?", "rewrite": "Did Bachmann go on to further her education after High School?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Dying from an attack, Yron realizes that Stel was the better Lantern, acknowledging that Stel's lack of offensive action against the Krydos was because he recognized when \"not\" to take action rather than just because he was afraid, and with one last push of willpower, Yron brings Stel back to life. Stel routs the Krydos threat and is hailed as a hero while the dead Yron is vilified. The resurrected Stel, however, pronounces Yron a hero and wants to hear of his action while others fled and cowered, rather than of his failure. Stel served with the Corps during the Crisis on Infinite Earths, through Hal Jordan's descent into madness and the loss of the power rings. With the Green Lantern Corps reinstated after the surviving Green Lanterns defeat Parallax on Earth, Stel joins again and is partnered with the Green Man. Stel helps a group of overwhelmed Lanterns, which include Soranik Natu, Kyle Rayner, Kilowog, Guy Gardner and two other Lantern rookies, Isamot Kol and Vath Sarn. The entire group, many with low power levels, then face Spider Guild forces. Stel was thought annihilated by an anti-matter explosion caused by a mind-controlled Green Man. Against all odds, he manages to survive the blast. A repentant Green Man finds Stel, and the two head to Mogo to repair themselves. Stel uses his ring's energy to compensate for his missing parts. On arriving the two find themselves, and Mogo, under attack by the Sinestro Corps. Despite having no realistic chance of surviving, even with the addition of a fourth Lantern, all involved are determined to stay. Reinforcements arrive just in time, though in the ensuing battles many Lanterns are slain.", "Bachmann's Brewery The Mayer Bachmann Brewery (1851\u20131881) was the largest of a half-dozen breweries on Staten Island, New York, before its destruction by fire. After rebuilding, it operated as the Bachmann Brewery and then the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery until 1919. The brewery occupied the block bounded by Forest (now Ditson), Maple (now Lynhurst), Willow, and Tompkins Avenues in the village of Clifton. Constructed in 1851, it was the first lager beer factory on Staten Island. Originally named the Clifton Brewery, it was financed in a joint venture between Antonio Meucci and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Comprising a number of brick buildings from three to four stories in height, it bordered railroad tracks between the Staten Island Railway main line and the former South Beach Branch. After it became the Bachmann Brewery, SIR built Bachmann Station in 1886 with wooden platforms solely for the convenience of brewery employees. The Mayer Bachmann Brewery operated until October 31, 1881, when the factory was destroyed by fire. However, Frederick Bachmann rebuilt the Bachmann Brewery, without his partner Gabriel Mayer. (Mayer got the insurance money and Bachmann got the brewery.) The Bachmann Brewery was in full operation under Frederick Bachmann until his death on January 5, 1905. The Bachmann Brewery continued under this name until 1909 or 1910, when it merged with the Bechtel Brewery to become the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery, which continued until 1919, just before Prohibition. When the Bachmann Brewery was in its heyday, Frederick Bachmann had associated businesses, including beer gardens and hotels in a resort and convention area. By 1937, the Bachmann train station stood in the shadow of the Chestnut Avenue overpass and the Lynhurst Avenue pedestrian overpass, both part of SIRT's program to eliminate grade crossings.", "Stel  Stel is a fictional American comic book superhero, an extraterrestrial robot from the planet Grenda and a member of the intergalactic police force known as the Green Lantern Corps for space sector 3009. He first appeared in DC Comics' \"Green Lantern\" (vol. 2) #11 (March 1962), and was created by writer John Broome and artist Gil Kane. Stel was trained by the villain Sinestro before he became Hal Jordan's greatest foe. Stel serves the Green Lantern Corps through many of its battles, including a breakout from the Prison Planet of the Guardians of the Universe, an invasion by Qwardians, an attack by the alliance of Nekron, Lord of the Unliving, and the rogue Guardian Krona. It is during this confrontation that Krona kills Stel, tearing him to pieces before he is found by his fellow Lanterns. Stel gives the Lanterns a vital clue with his last breath. Later he is taken back to Grenda to be given a hero's burial. During Stel's funeral the Krydos, enemy of the Grendans, attack. Stel's successor as Green Lantern arrives to help deal with the Krydos, but is himself attacked by a Grendan named Yron. Yron believes that Stel has failed as a Green Lantern due to the repeated Krydos attacks that Grenda suffers. Forcing the Green Lantern to take him to Oa, Yron protests to the Guardians that he would be a suitable choice to defend his planet and sector. The Guardians agree and gave Yron his own power ring. Yron's efforts to defend and then attack the Krydos prove to be disastrous, as his tactics end up killing many Grendans.", "Adriaan van der Stel Adriaan van der Stel (-Ceylon, 25 May 1646) was the \"opperhoofd\" of Mauritius from 1640 to 1645. He was succeeded by Jacob van der Meersch. Adriaan Van Der Stel succeeded Governor Cornelius Gooyer. He landed on the island with seventy men, of whom forty were invalids. The latter thought that they would recover their health. Twenty-three died and the rest returned to Batavia. Van der Stel brought with him various seeds and fruits including sugarcane saplings. He also brought rabbits, sheep, geese, ducks, pigeons and stags. After some years, these animals multiplied and were sources of fresh provisions to passing ships. A mineralogist was sent to the island to make a survey on the island and in 1641 the Company directors sent the ship \"the Petten\" with the orders to Van der Stel that he should cut all ebony trees on the island. To carry out the task, Van der Stel needed more men. He went to Madagascar where he obtained one hundred and five slaves. but within a few weeks, fifty-two ran away and only eighteen were caught. For about three years Van der Stel and his men were able to send six thousand pieces of ebony to Batavia. He also gave great attention to agriculture. Rice, indigo, tobacco and cane cultivation were started. Many fruit trees and vegetables were grown. But in spite of these efforts, their supply of food was not guaranteed. in 1644 a cyclone destroyed the fort and their cultivation. They had to wait for months for a ship from Batavia, and in the meantime they had to go in the woods to search for food. His son Simon would become the first Governor of the Cape of Good Hope.", "Stel is later seen trying to divert space debris to continue rebuilding himself. An unavoidable recall to Oa stops this. Stel and other Lanterns are then sent deep into the forbidden Okarran system in order to root out Sinestro Corps members. Stel is seen pursuing a Sinestro Corps member into the Vega system, where both are attacked by an Orange Lantern. Stel is badly wounded and sent back to Oa with the Orange Lantern's symbol burned onto his chest as a message to the Guardians from Larfleeze. Stel is on Oa during \"Blackest Night\" storyline, when deceased Green Lanterns return in an attempt to harvest hearts. Following these events, Kilowog chose Stel as his replacement as the drill instructor for all Green Lantern recruits. Hal Jordan defies the Guardians by working with their enemies to corral powerful entities. Stel is part of a Green Lantern force sent to arrest Hal. He works with Salakk, B'dg (Sector 1014), Turytt (Sector 786), Norchavius (Sector 26), Meadlux (Sector 1776) and Bareer's sector partner Lok Neboora. Hal attempts to recruit them to aid in his quest and Stel argues for the group to listen. At that moment, malicious intervention with the Green Lantern power battery causes the group to go mad and attempt to kill Hal. This situation erupts into the \"War of the Green Lanterns\". Stel is later seen assisting Green Lanterns against the brainwashing menace of Starro."], "answer": {"text": "after graduation, spent one summer working on kibbutz Be'eri in Israel.", "answer_start": 543}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Michele Bachmann born?", "answer": {"text": "She graduated from Anoka High School in 1974", "answer_start": 493, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2455d4234c9e48a6ae924d73bda765c6_1_q#2", "question": "What did Bachmann do after her summer in Israel?", "rewrite": "What did Bachmann do after her summer in Israel?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Daniel Bachmann Daniel Bachmann (born 9 July 1994) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Watford. Bachmann began his career with FK Austria Wien before joining Premier League club Stoke City in 2011 and signed a professional contract with the club in 2014. He has gained first-team experience by going out on loan to Wrexham, Scottish side Ross County and Bury. He moved to Watford in 2017 and spent a season on loan at Kilmarnock. Bachmann began his career with FK Austria Wien before joining English side Stoke City in the summer of 2011. He played with Stoke's under-18 and under-21 squads and joined Conference Premier side Wrexham on loan on 5 August 2014. He played 18 times for the Dragons as they finished in 11th position. Bachmann joined Scottish Premiership side Ross County on a six-month loan in July 2015. Bachmann made his professional debut on 8 August 2015, coming on for injured goalie Scott Fox in a 2\u20130 victory over Hamilton Academical. On 31 August 2015, the loan deal was terminated by mutual consent after making just two appearances for the Dingwall side. On 28 October 2015, Bachmann joined League One side Bury on a one-month loan. His loan at Gigg Lane was extended until the beginning of January 2016 when he returned to Stoke after making ten appearances for the Shakers. Bachmann signed a one-year contract extension with Stoke in July 2016. He was released by Stoke at the end of the 2016\u201317 season. On 1 July 2017, Bachmann signed a three-year deal with Watford. On 8 August 2018, Bachmann joined Scottish Premiership side Kilmarnock on a season-long loan deal. Bachmann played for several matches for Austria's youth teams and he made his debut for the Austria U21 side in September 2015 playing in a 2\u20130 victory against Azerbaijan.", "Bachmann's Brewery The Mayer Bachmann Brewery (1851\u20131881) was the largest of a half-dozen breweries on Staten Island, New York, before its destruction by fire. After rebuilding, it operated as the Bachmann Brewery and then the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery until 1919. The brewery occupied the block bounded by Forest (now Ditson), Maple (now Lynhurst), Willow, and Tompkins Avenues in the village of Clifton. Constructed in 1851, it was the first lager beer factory on Staten Island. Originally named the Clifton Brewery, it was financed in a joint venture between Antonio Meucci and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Comprising a number of brick buildings from three to four stories in height, it bordered railroad tracks between the Staten Island Railway main line and the former South Beach Branch. After it became the Bachmann Brewery, SIR built Bachmann Station in 1886 with wooden platforms solely for the convenience of brewery employees. The Mayer Bachmann Brewery operated until October 31, 1881, when the factory was destroyed by fire. However, Frederick Bachmann rebuilt the Bachmann Brewery, without his partner Gabriel Mayer. (Mayer got the insurance money and Bachmann got the brewery.) The Bachmann Brewery was in full operation under Frederick Bachmann until his death on January 5, 1905. The Bachmann Brewery continued under this name until 1909 or 1910, when it merged with the Bechtel Brewery to become the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery, which continued until 1919, just before Prohibition. When the Bachmann Brewery was in its heyday, Frederick Bachmann had associated businesses, including beer gardens and hotels in a resort and convention area. By 1937, the Bachmann train station stood in the shadow of the Chestnut Avenue overpass and the Lynhurst Avenue pedestrian overpass, both part of SIRT's program to eliminate grade crossings.", "Bachmann was born Michele Marie Amble in Waterloo, Iowa, \"into a family of Norwegian Lutheran Democrats\"; her family moved from Iowa to Minnesota when she was 13 years old. After her parents divorced, Bachmann's father, David John Amble, moved to California, and Bachmann was raised by her mother, Arlene Jean (nee Johnson), who worked at the First National Bank in Anoka, Minnesota. Her mother remarried when Bachmann was a teenager; the new marriage resulted in a family with nine children. She graduated from Anoka High School in 1974 and, after graduation, spent one summer working on kibbutz Be'eri in Israel. In 1978, she graduated from Winona State University with a B.A. In 1979, Bachmann was a member of the first class of the O. W. Coburn School of Law, then a part of Oral Roberts University (ORU). While there, Bachmann studied with John Eidsmoe, whom she described in 2011 as \"one of the professors who had a great influence on me\". Bachmann worked as a research assistant on Eidsmoe's 1987 book Christianity and the Constitution, which argues that the United States was founded as a Christian theocracy and should become one again. In 1986 Bachmann received a J.D. degree from Oral Roberts University. She was a member of the ORU law school's final graduating class, and was part of a group of faculty, staff, and students who moved the ORU law school library to what is now Regent University. In 1988, Bachmann received an LL.M. degree in tax law from William & Mary Law School. From 1988 to 1993 she worked as an attorney for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). She left the IRS to become a full-time mother when her fourth child was born.", "In mid-January 2015, Bachmann was hit with criticism after a photograph surfaced showing him with a mustache and hair style similar to Adolf Hitler. According to Bachmann, it was an old photo that was meant as a joke. After the photo sparked international outrage, Bachmann stepped down as de facto leader of Pegida. According to Bachmann and Pegida co-founder Kathrin Oertel, Bachmann's resignation had nothing to do with the photo. A few weeks later, Bachmann was reinstated as a co-leader following a vote. The \"S\u00e4chsische Zeitung\" later reported that the moustache was added after the photo was taken, with Bachmann asserting that it was a \"forgery\". In 2016 Bachmann was charged with incitement of racial hatred. The charges were laid after someone using a Facebook page with Lutz Bachmann's name called refugees \"cattle,\" \"scumbags,\" and \"filth\" in a Facebook post in 2014. The first day of Bachmann's trial, which was originally planned on being split into three separate days, took place on 19 April 2016. Bachmann's lawyer, Katja Reichel, argued that there are hundreds of Facebook pages with the name Lutz Bachmann on Facebook, and that there was no reason to believe that the Lutz Bachmann being accused was the one who made these comments. State attorney Tobias Uhlemann has pointed out that nothing originating from the Internet would constitute evidence. On 3 May 2016, Bachmann was convicted of \"inciting racial hatred\" and fined \u20ac9,600. Both the defense as well the prosecution were planning on appealing the ruling. In October 2016, Lutz Bachmann moved to live in the south of the island of Tenerife (Spain) where he was declared \"persona non grata\" by the authorities of that island.", "Bachmann Industries Bachmann Industries (Bachmann Brothers, Inc.) is a Bermuda registered Chinese owned company, globally headquartered in Hong Kong; specialising in model railroading. Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the home of its North American headquarters, Bachmann is today part of the Kader group, who model products are made at a Chinese Government joint-venture plant in Dongguan, China. Bachmann's brand is the largest seller, in terms of volume, of model trains in the world. Bachmann primarily specializes in entry level train sets, and premium offerings in many scales. The Spectrum line is the high quality, model railroad product line, offered in N, HO, Large Scale, On30, and Williams O gauge all aimed for the hobbyist market. Bachmann is the producer of the famous railroad village product line known as \"Plasticville. \" The turnover for Bachmann model trains for the year ended 31 December 2006 was approximately $46.87 million, a slight increase of 3.36% as compared to 2005. Founded in 1833 by Henry Carlisle, the company originally specialised in vanity products such as parasol handles and Spanish combs made of ivory horns. Its target market was aristocracy in the American South and Louisiana. After the Civil War it continued to make other types of hair ornaments and handles for walking canes now out of Tortoise shell and ivory. In 1899 Carlisle's firm merged with a competing firm run by Henry G. Bachmann and changed its name to Bachmann Bros. By 1902 Bachmann Bros. started to use celluloid for its products and by 1912 introduced optical frames that were made from it. It was around this time that Bachmann Bros. began experimenting in plastic. In 1927, shortly before they moved to their final Philadelphia address, they became the first American manufacturer of sunglasses."], "answer": {"text": "In 1978, she graduated from Winona State University with a B.A.", "answer_start": 615}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Michele Bachmann born?", "answer": {"text": "She graduated from Anoka High School in 1974", "answer_start": 493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Bachmann go on to further her education after High School?", "answer": {"text": "after graduation, spent one summer working on kibbutz Be'eri in Israel.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2455d4234c9e48a6ae924d73bda765c6_1_q#3", "question": "What did Bachmann originally do for her career?", "rewrite": "What did Bachmann originally do for her career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In mid-January 2015, Bachmann was hit with criticism after a photograph surfaced showing him with a mustache and hair style similar to Adolf Hitler. According to Bachmann, it was an old photo that was meant as a joke. After the photo sparked international outrage, Bachmann stepped down as de facto leader of Pegida. According to Bachmann and Pegida co-founder Kathrin Oertel, Bachmann's resignation had nothing to do with the photo. A few weeks later, Bachmann was reinstated as a co-leader following a vote. The \"S\u00e4chsische Zeitung\" later reported that the moustache was added after the photo was taken, with Bachmann asserting that it was a \"forgery\". In 2016 Bachmann was charged with incitement of racial hatred. The charges were laid after someone using a Facebook page with Lutz Bachmann's name called refugees \"cattle,\" \"scumbags,\" and \"filth\" in a Facebook post in 2014. The first day of Bachmann's trial, which was originally planned on being split into three separate days, took place on 19 April 2016. Bachmann's lawyer, Katja Reichel, argued that there are hundreds of Facebook pages with the name Lutz Bachmann on Facebook, and that there was no reason to believe that the Lutz Bachmann being accused was the one who made these comments. State attorney Tobias Uhlemann has pointed out that nothing originating from the Internet would constitute evidence. On 3 May 2016, Bachmann was convicted of \"inciting racial hatred\" and fined \u20ac9,600. Both the defense as well the prosecution were planning on appealing the ruling. In October 2016, Lutz Bachmann moved to live in the south of the island of Tenerife (Spain) where he was declared \"persona non grata\" by the authorities of that island.", "Bachmann's Brewery The Mayer Bachmann Brewery (1851\u20131881) was the largest of a half-dozen breweries on Staten Island, New York, before its destruction by fire. After rebuilding, it operated as the Bachmann Brewery and then the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery until 1919. The brewery occupied the block bounded by Forest (now Ditson), Maple (now Lynhurst), Willow, and Tompkins Avenues in the village of Clifton. Constructed in 1851, it was the first lager beer factory on Staten Island. Originally named the Clifton Brewery, it was financed in a joint venture between Antonio Meucci and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Comprising a number of brick buildings from three to four stories in height, it bordered railroad tracks between the Staten Island Railway main line and the former South Beach Branch. After it became the Bachmann Brewery, SIR built Bachmann Station in 1886 with wooden platforms solely for the convenience of brewery employees. The Mayer Bachmann Brewery operated until October 31, 1881, when the factory was destroyed by fire. However, Frederick Bachmann rebuilt the Bachmann Brewery, without his partner Gabriel Mayer. (Mayer got the insurance money and Bachmann got the brewery.) The Bachmann Brewery was in full operation under Frederick Bachmann until his death on January 5, 1905. The Bachmann Brewery continued under this name until 1909 or 1910, when it merged with the Bechtel Brewery to become the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery, which continued until 1919, just before Prohibition. When the Bachmann Brewery was in its heyday, Frederick Bachmann had associated businesses, including beer gardens and hotels in a resort and convention area. By 1937, the Bachmann train station stood in the shadow of the Chestnut Avenue overpass and the Lynhurst Avenue pedestrian overpass, both part of SIRT's program to eliminate grade crossings.", "In an effort to fill the quality gap the between the Spectrum brand and the regular Bachmann trains, Bachmann introduced a mid ranged \"Bachmann plus\" series in 1992 when production was moved to China. Eventually the entire standard product line would be upgraded to the quality level of the plus series, which led to the drop of the plus series and the birth of the current silver series in 1997. Bachmann doubled the MSRP of its products, and cars are now packaged in clear plastic display jewel cases. In 2001, Bachmann started to produce trains in On30 scale (O scale on HO tracks). In 2002, Bachmann introduced its \"Thomas and Friends\" range in H0/00 scale. New products have been released since 2005, usually new rolling stock and engines which have moving eyes. In 2007, a new line of structures was released. In 2010, Bachmann released several Garden Scale models of Thomas & Friends characters. Since 2006 Bachmann has been concentrating on implementing a Digital Command Control (\"DCC\") system and products in its product lines, with the help and partnership of the German company, Lenz Elektronik, GmbH. Bachmann released its Dynamis DCC system in 2007 which enabled Bachmann to catch up technologically with other DCC companies. Currently Bachmann HO Spectrum lines are DCC on board, while the vast majority of its N Spectrum lines are DCC-ready. Following the war's end, Bachmann came up with the product which made their name a household word... \"Plasticville USA\"... an assemble yourself kit of homes, stores, and other buildings to enhance train layouts. Plasticville USA products are still popular accessories for Lionel and American Flyer trains.", "Daniel Bachmann Daniel Bachmann (born 9 July 1994) is an Austrian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Watford. Bachmann began his career with FK Austria Wien before joining Premier League club Stoke City in 2011 and signed a professional contract with the club in 2014. He has gained first-team experience by going out on loan to Wrexham, Scottish side Ross County and Bury. He moved to Watford in 2017 and spent a season on loan at Kilmarnock. Bachmann began his career with FK Austria Wien before joining English side Stoke City in the summer of 2011. He played with Stoke's under-18 and under-21 squads and joined Conference Premier side Wrexham on loan on 5 August 2014. He played 18 times for the Dragons as they finished in 11th position. Bachmann joined Scottish Premiership side Ross County on a six-month loan in July 2015. Bachmann made his professional debut on 8 August 2015, coming on for injured goalie Scott Fox in a 2\u20130 victory over Hamilton Academical. On 31 August 2015, the loan deal was terminated by mutual consent after making just two appearances for the Dingwall side. On 28 October 2015, Bachmann joined League One side Bury on a one-month loan. His loan at Gigg Lane was extended until the beginning of January 2016 when he returned to Stoke after making ten appearances for the Shakers. Bachmann signed a one-year contract extension with Stoke in July 2016. He was released by Stoke at the end of the 2016\u201317 season. On 1 July 2017, Bachmann signed a three-year deal with Watford. On 8 August 2018, Bachmann joined Scottish Premiership side Kilmarnock on a season-long loan deal. Bachmann played for several matches for Austria's youth teams and he made his debut for the Austria U21 side in September 2015 playing in a 2\u20130 victory against Azerbaijan.", "Bachmann Industries Bachmann Industries (Bachmann Brothers, Inc.) is a Bermuda registered Chinese owned company, globally headquartered in Hong Kong; specialising in model railroading. Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the home of its North American headquarters, Bachmann is today part of the Kader group, who model products are made at a Chinese Government joint-venture plant in Dongguan, China. Bachmann's brand is the largest seller, in terms of volume, of model trains in the world. Bachmann primarily specializes in entry level train sets, and premium offerings in many scales. The Spectrum line is the high quality, model railroad product line, offered in N, HO, Large Scale, On30, and Williams O gauge all aimed for the hobbyist market. Bachmann is the producer of the famous railroad village product line known as \"Plasticville. \" The turnover for Bachmann model trains for the year ended 31 December 2006 was approximately $46.87 million, a slight increase of 3.36% as compared to 2005. Founded in 1833 by Henry Carlisle, the company originally specialised in vanity products such as parasol handles and Spanish combs made of ivory horns. Its target market was aristocracy in the American South and Louisiana. After the Civil War it continued to make other types of hair ornaments and handles for walking canes now out of Tortoise shell and ivory. In 1899 Carlisle's firm merged with a competing firm run by Henry G. Bachmann and changed its name to Bachmann Bros. By 1902 Bachmann Bros. started to use celluloid for its products and by 1912 introduced optical frames that were made from it. It was around this time that Bachmann Bros. began experimenting in plastic. In 1927, shortly before they moved to their final Philadelphia address, they became the first American manufacturer of sunglasses."], "answer": {"text": "Bachmann worked as a research assistant on Eidsmoe's 1987 book Christianity and the Constitution,", "answer_start": 946}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Michele Bachmann born?", "answer": {"text": "She graduated from Anoka High School in 1974", "answer_start": 493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Bachmann go on to further her education after High School?", "answer": {"text": "after graduation, spent one summer working on kibbutz Be'eri in Israel.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Bachmann do after her summer in Israel?", "answer": {"text": "In 1978, she graduated from Winona State University with a B.A.", "answer_start": 615, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2455d4234c9e48a6ae924d73bda765c6_1_q#4", "question": "How long was Bachmann a research assistant?", "rewrite": "How long was Bachmann a research assistant?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bachmann's Brewery The Mayer Bachmann Brewery (1851\u20131881) was the largest of a half-dozen breweries on Staten Island, New York, before its destruction by fire. After rebuilding, it operated as the Bachmann Brewery and then the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery until 1919. The brewery occupied the block bounded by Forest (now Ditson), Maple (now Lynhurst), Willow, and Tompkins Avenues in the village of Clifton. Constructed in 1851, it was the first lager beer factory on Staten Island. Originally named the Clifton Brewery, it was financed in a joint venture between Antonio Meucci and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Comprising a number of brick buildings from three to four stories in height, it bordered railroad tracks between the Staten Island Railway main line and the former South Beach Branch. After it became the Bachmann Brewery, SIR built Bachmann Station in 1886 with wooden platforms solely for the convenience of brewery employees. The Mayer Bachmann Brewery operated until October 31, 1881, when the factory was destroyed by fire. However, Frederick Bachmann rebuilt the Bachmann Brewery, without his partner Gabriel Mayer. (Mayer got the insurance money and Bachmann got the brewery.) The Bachmann Brewery was in full operation under Frederick Bachmann until his death on January 5, 1905. The Bachmann Brewery continued under this name until 1909 or 1910, when it merged with the Bechtel Brewery to become the Bachmann Bechtel Brewery, which continued until 1919, just before Prohibition. When the Bachmann Brewery was in its heyday, Frederick Bachmann had associated businesses, including beer gardens and hotels in a resort and convention area. By 1937, the Bachmann train station stood in the shadow of the Chestnut Avenue overpass and the Lynhurst Avenue pedestrian overpass, both part of SIRT's program to eliminate grade crossings.", "In an effort to fill the quality gap the between the Spectrum brand and the regular Bachmann trains, Bachmann introduced a mid ranged \"Bachmann plus\" series in 1992 when production was moved to China. Eventually the entire standard product line would be upgraded to the quality level of the plus series, which led to the drop of the plus series and the birth of the current silver series in 1997. Bachmann doubled the MSRP of its products, and cars are now packaged in clear plastic display jewel cases. In 2001, Bachmann started to produce trains in On30 scale (O scale on HO tracks). In 2002, Bachmann introduced its \"Thomas and Friends\" range in H0/00 scale. New products have been released since 2005, usually new rolling stock and engines which have moving eyes. In 2007, a new line of structures was released. In 2010, Bachmann released several Garden Scale models of Thomas & Friends characters. Since 2006 Bachmann has been concentrating on implementing a Digital Command Control (\"DCC\") system and products in its product lines, with the help and partnership of the German company, Lenz Elektronik, GmbH. Bachmann released its Dynamis DCC system in 2007 which enabled Bachmann to catch up technologically with other DCC companies. Currently Bachmann HO Spectrum lines are DCC on board, while the vast majority of its N Spectrum lines are DCC-ready. Following the war's end, Bachmann came up with the product which made their name a household word... \"Plasticville USA\"... an assemble yourself kit of homes, stores, and other buildings to enhance train layouts. Plasticville USA products are still popular accessories for Lionel and American Flyer trains.", "Bachmann Industries Bachmann Industries (Bachmann Brothers, Inc.) is a Bermuda registered Chinese owned company, globally headquartered in Hong Kong; specialising in model railroading. Founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the home of its North American headquarters, Bachmann is today part of the Kader group, who model products are made at a Chinese Government joint-venture plant in Dongguan, China. Bachmann's brand is the largest seller, in terms of volume, of model trains in the world. Bachmann primarily specializes in entry level train sets, and premium offerings in many scales. The Spectrum line is the high quality, model railroad product line, offered in N, HO, Large Scale, On30, and Williams O gauge all aimed for the hobbyist market. Bachmann is the producer of the famous railroad village product line known as \"Plasticville. \" The turnover for Bachmann model trains for the year ended 31 December 2006 was approximately $46.87 million, a slight increase of 3.36% as compared to 2005. Founded in 1833 by Henry Carlisle, the company originally specialised in vanity products such as parasol handles and Spanish combs made of ivory horns. Its target market was aristocracy in the American South and Louisiana. After the Civil War it continued to make other types of hair ornaments and handles for walking canes now out of Tortoise shell and ivory. In 1899 Carlisle's firm merged with a competing firm run by Henry G. Bachmann and changed its name to Bachmann Bros. By 1902 Bachmann Bros. started to use celluloid for its products and by 1912 introduced optical frames that were made from it. It was around this time that Bachmann Bros. began experimenting in plastic. In 1927, shortly before they moved to their final Philadelphia address, they became the first American manufacturer of sunglasses.", "In mid-January 2015, Bachmann was hit with criticism after a photograph surfaced showing him with a mustache and hair style similar to Adolf Hitler. According to Bachmann, it was an old photo that was meant as a joke. After the photo sparked international outrage, Bachmann stepped down as de facto leader of Pegida. According to Bachmann and Pegida co-founder Kathrin Oertel, Bachmann's resignation had nothing to do with the photo. A few weeks later, Bachmann was reinstated as a co-leader following a vote. The \"S\u00e4chsische Zeitung\" later reported that the moustache was added after the photo was taken, with Bachmann asserting that it was a \"forgery\". In 2016 Bachmann was charged with incitement of racial hatred. The charges were laid after someone using a Facebook page with Lutz Bachmann's name called refugees \"cattle,\" \"scumbags,\" and \"filth\" in a Facebook post in 2014. The first day of Bachmann's trial, which was originally planned on being split into three separate days, took place on 19 April 2016. Bachmann's lawyer, Katja Reichel, argued that there are hundreds of Facebook pages with the name Lutz Bachmann on Facebook, and that there was no reason to believe that the Lutz Bachmann being accused was the one who made these comments. State attorney Tobias Uhlemann has pointed out that nothing originating from the Internet would constitute evidence. On 3 May 2016, Bachmann was convicted of \"inciting racial hatred\" and fined \u20ac9,600. Both the defense as well the prosecution were planning on appealing the ruling. In October 2016, Lutz Bachmann moved to live in the south of the island of Tenerife (Spain) where he was declared \"persona non grata\" by the authorities of that island.", "Bachmann was born Michele Marie Amble in Waterloo, Iowa, \"into a family of Norwegian Lutheran Democrats\"; her family moved from Iowa to Minnesota when she was 13 years old. After her parents divorced, Bachmann's father, David John Amble, moved to California, and Bachmann was raised by her mother, Arlene Jean (nee Johnson), who worked at the First National Bank in Anoka, Minnesota. Her mother remarried when Bachmann was a teenager; the new marriage resulted in a family with nine children. She graduated from Anoka High School in 1974 and, after graduation, spent one summer working on kibbutz Be'eri in Israel. In 1978, she graduated from Winona State University with a B.A. In 1979, Bachmann was a member of the first class of the O. W. Coburn School of Law, then a part of Oral Roberts University (ORU). While there, Bachmann studied with John Eidsmoe, whom she described in 2011 as \"one of the professors who had a great influence on me\". Bachmann worked as a research assistant on Eidsmoe's 1987 book Christianity and the Constitution, which argues that the United States was founded as a Christian theocracy and should become one again. In 1986 Bachmann received a J.D. degree from Oral Roberts University. She was a member of the ORU law school's final graduating class, and was part of a group of faculty, staff, and students who moved the ORU law school library to what is now Regent University. In 1988, Bachmann received an LL.M. degree in tax law from William & Mary Law School. From 1988 to 1993 she worked as an attorney for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). She left the IRS to become a full-time mother when her fourth child was born."], "answer": {"text": "In 1988, Bachmann received an LL.M. degree in tax law from William & Mary Law School.", "answer_start": 1408}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was Michele Bachmann born?", "answer": {"text": "She graduated from Anoka High School in 1974", "answer_start": 493, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Bachmann go on to further her education after High School?", "answer": {"text": "after graduation, spent one summer working on kibbutz Be'eri in Israel.", "answer_start": 543, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Bachmann do after her summer in Israel?", "answer": {"text": "In 1978, she graduated from Winona State University with a B.A.", "answer_start": 615, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did Bachmann originally do for her career?", "answer": {"text": "Bachmann worked as a research assistant on Eidsmoe's 1987 book Christianity and the Constitution,", "answer_start": 946, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c83b7c35138545bdae2944edd1492368_0_q#0", "question": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "rewrite": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2003, \"The New York Times\" described Kurtzman as \"one of the most important figures in postwar America\" over \"Mad\"s influence on popular culture. This was an upgrade from the Times' obituary for Kurtzman in 1993, which said he had \"helped found \"Mad\" Magazine. \" This prompted an angry response to the newspaper from Art Spiegelman, who complained that awarding Kurtzman partial credit for starting \"Mad\" was \"like saying Michelangelo helped paint the Sistine Chapel just because some Pope owned the ceiling.\" Kurtzman acted as mentor to a large number of cartoonists, such as Terry Gilliam, Robert Crumb, and Gilbert Shelton. Students of his at the School of Visual Arts included John Holmstrom, Batton Lash, and Drew Friedman. Kurtzman, and particularly his work on \"Mad\", is the most frequently cited influence on the movement\u2014comics historian Mark Estren called \"Mad\" \"the granddaddy of the underground \". In 1958, Robert Crumb and his older brother Charles self-published three issues of the \"Humbug\"-inspired fanzine \"Foo\" in 1958. The venture was not a financial success, and Crumb turned to producing comics to satisfy himself. In 1964 Kurtzman published his work in \"Help!\". Kurtzman's style of humor influenced countercultural comedians from the 1960s on, including the sketch comedy series \"Saturday Night Live\", according to member Harry Shearer. \"Help!\" contributor Terry Gilliam, who went on to be a member of Monty Python, called Kurtzman \"n many ways ... one of the godparents of Monty Python\". In his 1985 film \"Brazil\", Terry Gilliam gave Ian Holm's character the name \"Kurtzmann\".", "That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead. Due to the prolonged development period of the film, in 2010, DC Entertainment shifted focus onto developing a television series adaptation.", "As with the cult science fiction film \"Blade Runner\" (1982), which had been released three years earlier, a version of \"Brazil\" was created by the studio with a more consumer-friendly ending. After a lengthy delay with no sign of the film being released, Gilliam took out a full-page ad in the trade magazine \"Variety\" urging Sheinberg to release \"Brazil\" in its intended version. Sheinberg spoke publicly of his dispute with Gilliam in interviews and ran his own advertisement in \"Daily Variety\" offering to sell the film. Gilliam conducted private screenings of \"Brazil\" (without the studio's approval) for film schools and local critics. On the same night Universal's award contender \"Out of Africa\" premiered in New York, \"Brazil\" was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association award for \"Best Picture\". This prompted Universal to finally agree to release a modified 132-minute version supervised by Gilliam, in 1985. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 98% rating based on 47 reviews with an average rating of 8.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads \"Brazil, Terry Gilliam's visionary Orwellian fantasy, is an audacious dark comedy, filled with strange, imaginative visuals. \" On Metacritic, it received an 88/100 score based on 12 reviews. \"Los Angeles Times\" critic Kenneth Turan described the film as \"the most potent piece of satiric political cinema since \"Dr. Strangelove\"\". Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" was very positive towards the film upon its release, stating \"Terry Gilliam's \"Brazil,\" a jaunty, wittily observed vision of an extremely bleak future, is a superb example of the power of comedy to underscore serious ideas, even solemn ones.\"", "We need someone who has the same obsession with the source material as Peter Jackson had with \"Lord of the Rings\" or Sam Raimi had with \"Spider-Man\". \" That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead.", "Story Time (film) Story Time is a 1979 short animated comedy compilation film written, directed and animated by Terry Gilliam. It is compiled from several of Gilliam's works from the late 1960s and early 1970s, and stylistically resembles the distinctive animations which Gilliam produced in that period for \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\". \"Story Time\" is composed of three loosely connected animated segments. The first two, \"Don the Cockroach\" and \"The Albert Einstein Story\", were originally broadcast in the 1971\u20131972 TV series \"The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine\", while the third, \"The Christmas Card\", was created for the 1968 Christmas Special of \"Do Not Adjust Your Set\". The film was included on the 2001 DVD release of \"Jabberwocky\" as a bonus feature. It was also shown as an accompaniment to some British theatrical releases of \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\". The film begins with an animated version of director Terry Gilliam reading from a children's storybook. The story, \"Don the Cockroach\", opens with a palace high atop a mountain. Inside the wall of one of its rooms lives a cheerful cockroach named Don, who is shown frolicking and generally enjoying his life as a cockroach. One day, as Don scurries across a kitchen floor, he is suddenly crushed by a foot. The narrator Gilliam remarks that this does not matter, as cockroaches are not very interesting. The story then shifts to the man who crushed Don, then to his brother, then to the brother's friend, then to the friend's employer, and so forth. Eventually the chain of interconnected people reaches a cleaning lady who is involved in a search-and-destroy mission against a colony of cockroaches, one of whom is named Don."], "answer": {"text": "I love the term magic realism,", "answer_start": 69}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c83b7c35138545bdae2944edd1492368_0_q#1", "question": "What other terms were used?", "rewrite": "Other than Themes and philosophy what other terms were used by Terry Gilliam?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Story Time (film) Story Time is a 1979 short animated comedy compilation film written, directed and animated by Terry Gilliam. It is compiled from several of Gilliam's works from the late 1960s and early 1970s, and stylistically resembles the distinctive animations which Gilliam produced in that period for \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\". \"Story Time\" is composed of three loosely connected animated segments. The first two, \"Don the Cockroach\" and \"The Albert Einstein Story\", were originally broadcast in the 1971\u20131972 TV series \"The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine\", while the third, \"The Christmas Card\", was created for the 1968 Christmas Special of \"Do Not Adjust Your Set\". The film was included on the 2001 DVD release of \"Jabberwocky\" as a bonus feature. It was also shown as an accompaniment to some British theatrical releases of \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\". The film begins with an animated version of director Terry Gilliam reading from a children's storybook. The story, \"Don the Cockroach\", opens with a palace high atop a mountain. Inside the wall of one of its rooms lives a cheerful cockroach named Don, who is shown frolicking and generally enjoying his life as a cockroach. One day, as Don scurries across a kitchen floor, he is suddenly crushed by a foot. The narrator Gilliam remarks that this does not matter, as cockroaches are not very interesting. The story then shifts to the man who crushed Don, then to his brother, then to the brother's friend, then to the friend's employer, and so forth. Eventually the chain of interconnected people reaches a cleaning lady who is involved in a search-and-destroy mission against a colony of cockroaches, one of whom is named Don.", "In 2003, \"The New York Times\" described Kurtzman as \"one of the most important figures in postwar America\" over \"Mad\"s influence on popular culture. This was an upgrade from the Times' obituary for Kurtzman in 1993, which said he had \"helped found \"Mad\" Magazine. \" This prompted an angry response to the newspaper from Art Spiegelman, who complained that awarding Kurtzman partial credit for starting \"Mad\" was \"like saying Michelangelo helped paint the Sistine Chapel just because some Pope owned the ceiling.\" Kurtzman acted as mentor to a large number of cartoonists, such as Terry Gilliam, Robert Crumb, and Gilbert Shelton. Students of his at the School of Visual Arts included John Holmstrom, Batton Lash, and Drew Friedman. Kurtzman, and particularly his work on \"Mad\", is the most frequently cited influence on the movement\u2014comics historian Mark Estren called \"Mad\" \"the granddaddy of the underground \". In 1958, Robert Crumb and his older brother Charles self-published three issues of the \"Humbug\"-inspired fanzine \"Foo\" in 1958. The venture was not a financial success, and Crumb turned to producing comics to satisfy himself. In 1964 Kurtzman published his work in \"Help!\". Kurtzman's style of humor influenced countercultural comedians from the 1960s on, including the sketch comedy series \"Saturday Night Live\", according to member Harry Shearer. \"Help!\" contributor Terry Gilliam, who went on to be a member of Monty Python, called Kurtzman \"n many ways ... one of the godparents of Monty Python\". In his 1985 film \"Brazil\", Terry Gilliam gave Ian Holm's character the name \"Kurtzmann\".", "As with the cult science fiction film \"Blade Runner\" (1982), which had been released three years earlier, a version of \"Brazil\" was created by the studio with a more consumer-friendly ending. After a lengthy delay with no sign of the film being released, Gilliam took out a full-page ad in the trade magazine \"Variety\" urging Sheinberg to release \"Brazil\" in its intended version. Sheinberg spoke publicly of his dispute with Gilliam in interviews and ran his own advertisement in \"Daily Variety\" offering to sell the film. Gilliam conducted private screenings of \"Brazil\" (without the studio's approval) for film schools and local critics. On the same night Universal's award contender \"Out of Africa\" premiered in New York, \"Brazil\" was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association award for \"Best Picture\". This prompted Universal to finally agree to release a modified 132-minute version supervised by Gilliam, in 1985. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 98% rating based on 47 reviews with an average rating of 8.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads \"Brazil, Terry Gilliam's visionary Orwellian fantasy, is an audacious dark comedy, filled with strange, imaginative visuals. \" On Metacritic, it received an 88/100 score based on 12 reviews. \"Los Angeles Times\" critic Kenneth Turan described the film as \"the most potent piece of satiric political cinema since \"Dr. Strangelove\"\". Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" was very positive towards the film upon its release, stating \"Terry Gilliam's \"Brazil,\" a jaunty, wittily observed vision of an extremely bleak future, is a superb example of the power of comedy to underscore serious ideas, even solemn ones.\"", "We need someone who has the same obsession with the source material as Peter Jackson had with \"Lord of the Rings\" or Sam Raimi had with \"Spider-Man\". \" That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead.", "That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead. Due to the prolonged development period of the film, in 2010, DC Entertainment shifted focus onto developing a television series adaptation."], "answer": {"text": "His films are usually imaginative fantasies.", "answer_start": 1109}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "answer": {"text": "I love the term magic realism,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c83b7c35138545bdae2944edd1492368_0_q#2", "question": "What are some examples of his fantasy films?", "rewrite": "What are some examples of Terry Gilliam fantasy films?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack Purvis (actor)  Jack Purvis (13 July 1937 \u2013 21 November 1997) was a British film actor. Purvis was a dwarf, and at was mainly cast in roles requiring actors of short stature. He appeared in three of director Terry Gilliam's early fantasy films, with significant roles in \"Time Bandits\" and \"The Adventures of Baron Munchausen\". For twenty years until 1991, Purvis performed as part of a musical comedy double-act with Kenny Baker, billed as the \"Mini-Tones\". Purvis played the trumpet to Baker's mouth-organ and vibraphone. The duo would attend auditions for \"Star Wars\" in 1976, where Baker was instantly cast as R2-D2. At that time the duo had reached the final on the talent show \"Opportunity Knocks\", and were relunctant to put the Mini-Tones work on hold. After some negotiation, Purvis was also hired to appear in the film, and would go on to play a different alien creature in each film of the original trilogy. In 1991, Purvis became quadriplegic after his neck was broken in a car repair accident. This and the 1990 death of David Rappaport led to Terry Gilliam indefinitely shelving an intended sequel to \"Time Bandits\", where both actors played the titular roles. Purvis died in November 1997 at the age of 60.", "The 1982 film adaptation of Robert E. Howard's \"Conan the Barbarian\", for example, is a personal (non-epic) story concerning the hero's quest for revenge and his efforts to thwart a single megalomaniac\u2014while saving a beautiful princess in the process. Some critics refer to such films by the term Sword and Sandal rather than Sword and Sorcery, although others would maintain that the Sword and Sandal label should be reserved only for the subset of fantasy films set in ancient times on the planet Earth, and still others would broaden the term to encompass films that have no fantastic elements whatsoever. To some, the term Sword and Sandal has pejorative connotations, designating a film with a low-quality script, bad acting, and poor production values. Another important subgenre of fantasy films that has become more popular in recent years is contemporary fantasy. Such films feature magical effects or supernatural occurrences happening in the \"real\" world of today. Films with live action and animation such as Disney's \"Mary Poppins\", \"Pete's Dragon\", \"Enchanted\", and the Robert Zemeckis film \" Who Framed Roger Rabbit\" are also fantasy films although are more often referred to as Live action/animation hybrids (2 of those are also classified as musicals). Fantasy films set in the afterlife, called Bangsian Fantasy, are less common, although films such as the 1991 Albert Brooks comedy \"Defending Your Life\" would likely qualify. Other uncommon subgenres include Historical Fantasy and Romantic Fantasy, although 2003's \"\" successfully incorporated elements of both. As noted above, superhero movies and fairy tale films might each be considered subgenres of fantasy films, although most would classify them as altogether separate movie genres. As a cinematic genre, fantasy has traditionally not been regarded as highly as the related genre of science fiction film.", "Fantasy movies in recent years, such as \"The Lord of the Rings\" films, the first and third \"Narnia\" adaptations, and the first, second, fourth and seventh \"Harry Potter\" adaptations have most often been released in November and December. This is in contrast to science fiction films, which are often released during the northern hemisphere summer (June\u2013August). All three installments of the \"Pirates of the Caribbean\" fantasy films, however, were released in July 2003, July 2006, and May 2007 respectively, and the latest releases in the \"Harry Potter\" series were released in July 2007 and July 2009. The huge commercial success of these pictures may indicate a change in Hollywood's approach to big-budget fantasy film releases. Fantasy films have a history almost as old as the medium itself. However, fantasy films were relatively few and far between until the 1980s, when high-tech filmmaking techniques and increased audience interest caused the genre to flourish. What follows are some notable Fantasy films. For a more complete list see: List of fantasy films In the era of silent film, the earliest fantasy films were those made by French film pioneer Georges M\u00e9li\u00e8s from 1903. The most famous of these was 1902's \"A Trip to the Moon\". In the Golden Age of Silent film (1918\u20131926) the most outstanding fantasy films were Douglas Fairbanks' \"The Thief of Bagdad\" (1924), Fritz Lang's \"Die Nibelungen\" (1924), and \"Destiny\" (1921). Other notables in the genre were F.W. Murnau's romantic ghost story \"Phantom\", \"Tarzan of the Apes\" starring Elmo Lincoln, and D. W. Griffith's \"The Sorrows of Satan\".", "We need someone who has the same obsession with the source material as Peter Jackson had with \"Lord of the Rings\" or Sam Raimi had with \"Spider-Man\". \" That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead.", "That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead. Due to the prolonged development period of the film, in 2010, DC Entertainment shifted focus onto developing a television series adaptation."], "answer": {"text": "The Fisher King.", "answer_start": 848}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "answer": {"text": "I love the term magic realism,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other terms were used?", "answer": {"text": "His films are usually imaginative fantasies.", "answer_start": 1109, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c83b7c35138545bdae2944edd1492368_0_q#3", "question": "Any other films with that theme?", "rewrite": "In addition to The Fisher King any other films with fantasy theme?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wolfram's tale also treated the lance in a similar dark manner. In \"Parzival\", the lance is \"poisonous\" which contrasts sharply with the general trend of healing Christian themes. This lance is plunged into the Fisher King's wound at different times to continue his pain, for having sought forbidden love. This lance is considered significant because it is most often associated directly with the wound of the Fisher King, which is demonstrated both in Chretien's and Eschenbach's versions of the tale. The more recent writings have the lance presented in the Fisher King's castle with Christian theology. More specifically, it is supposed to be the lance that pierced Jesus Christ while on the cross. This is seen in Malory's \"Le Morte d'Arthur\". In Malory's version the Fisher King is healed with the blood from the lance, signifying it as a good, holy, Christian object. In \"Corbenic\" we see the precession at the Fisher King's feast, featuring heavily on the Holy Grail, which is a strong Christian artifact. It can be extrapolated that in the same precession, the accompanying lance is the lance that pierced Jesus Christ. The sword is commonly thought to be a gift from the Fisher King to Perceval. This is then followed by Perceval's cousin's prophecy that the sword will break at a crucial moment. In two cases, the writers tell us that Perceval broke the sword: in Eschenbach, it fails him in his battle against his half-brother at the end of \"Parzival\"; and Gerbert de Montreuil describes how he shatters it on the gates of the \"Earthly Paradise\".", "In the first-season episode, \"Valiant\", Ewan was bitten by the snakes on Valiant's enchanted shield during the annual sword-fighting tournament. Gaius managed to procure an antidote, but Valiant discovered that Ewan had survived and that Merlin had discovered his scheme. He subsequently sent the magical snakes after Ewan and he was bitten again, this time fatally to death. The Fisher King (portrayed by Donald Sumpter) was the king of a nearby land that had been devastated by a plague. According to legend, the Fisher King was struck by a plague that spread to the rest of his land, destroying his people while leaving him immortal but permanently crippled, unable to take any action to halt what was happening to his lands. As part of a quest to prove his worthiness to be King, Arthur chose to undertake a quest to enter the realm of the Fisher King and recover his trident, unaware that Morgana had given him an 'Eye of the Phoenix', a gem that drained the wearer's life-energy. Fortunately, Merlin and Gawain were able to follow him and remove the bracelet, Merlin subsequently coming face-to-face with the Fisher King when he was trapped in the King's throne room after a door closed behind him. As he faced Merlin, the still-alive Fisher King explained that the quest to his kingdom was actually for 'Emrys' rather than Arthur; the Fisher King's trident was nothing but a nice bauble, while the true treasure was water from the Lake of Avalon, which the Fisher King informed Merlin would be needed when Camelot's darkest hour came. In return for the water, the Fisher King asked that Merlin give him the Eye of the Phoenix, the Eye draining the Fisher King's last dregs of life and granting him the death he had sought for so long.", "The wound is a punishment for wooing a woman who is not meant for him (every Grail keeper is to marry the woman the Grail determines for him), causing the King immense pain. Then lastly Parzival comes back to cure the Fisher King. \"Parzival\", unlike its predecessor \"Perceval\", has a definite ending. The Fisher King's next development occurred around the end of the 13th century in Robert de Boron's \"Joseph d'Arimathie\", the first work to connect the Grail with Jesus. Here, the \"Rich Fisher\" is called Bron, a name similar enough to Bran to suggest a relationship, and he is said to be the brother-in-law of Joseph of Arimathea, who had used the Grail to catch Christ's blood before laying him in the tomb. Joseph founds a religious community that travels eventually to Britain and entrusts the Grail to Bron (who is called the \"Rich Fisher\" because he catches a fish eaten at the Grail table). Bron founds the line of Grail keepers that eventually includes Perceval. The Lancelot-Grail cycle includes a more elaborate history for the Fisher King. Many in his line are wounded for their failings, and the only two that survive to Arthur's day are the Wounded King, named Pellehan (Pellam of Listeneise in Malory), and the Fisher King, Pelles. Pelles engineers the birth of Galahad by tricking Lancelot into bed with his daughter Elaine, and it is prophesied that Galahad will achieve the Grail and heal the Wasteland.", "The nature of the question differs between \"Perceval\" and \"Parzival\", but the central theme is that the Fisher King can be healed only if Percival asks \"the question\". The location of the wound is of great importance to the legend. In most medieval stories, the mention of a wound in the groin or more commonly the \"thigh\" (such as the wounding of the ineffective suitor in Lanval from the \"Lais of Marie de France\") is a euphemism for the physical loss of or grave injury to one's penis. In medieval times, acknowledging the actual type of wound was considered to rob a man of his dignity, thus the use of the substitute terms \"groin\" or \"thigh\", although any informed medieval listener or reader would have known exactly the real nature of the wound. Such a wound was considered worse than actual death because it signaled the end of a man's ability to function in his primary purpose: to propagate his line. In the instance of the Fisher King, the wound negates his ability to honor his sacred charge. Throughout Arthurian legend, homoerotic narratives have been found, and there are some strong arguments that they are present in the story of the Fisher King. The Fisher King's wound can be interpreted as effeminate or in fact a \"castration\". The wound could be a feminizing aspect, especially coupled with the Fisher King's inability to hunt. The treatment for this wound is also repeated contact by male servants (Roberts, 54). Furthermore, in some versions of the story, the only way to alleviate the Fisher King's pain is reinsertion of the spear that causes the wound. In later iterations, Galahad became the focus of the Grail Quest.", "Fisher King In Arthurian legend, the Fisher King, also known as the Wounded King or Maimed King, is the last in a long line charged with keeping the Holy Grail. Versions of the original story vary widely, but he is always wounded in the legs or groin and incapable of standing. All he is able to do is fish in a small boat on the river near his castle, Corbenic, and wait for some noble who might be able to heal him by asking a certain question. In later versions knights travel from many lands to try to heal the Fisher King, but only the chosen can accomplish the feat. This is Percival alone in the earlier stories; in later versions, he is joined by Galahad and Bors. Many later works have two wounded \"Grail Kings\" who live in the same castle, a father and son (or grandfather and grandson). The more seriously wounded father stays in the castle, sustained by the Grail alone, while the more active son can meet with guests and go fishing. For the purposes of clarity in the remainder of this article, where both appear, the father will be called the Wounded King, the son named the Fisher King. In the Fisher King legends, it is implied that he becomes unable to father or support a next generation to carry on after his death (a \"thigh\" wound has been interpreted by many scholars in Arthurian literature as a genital wound). There are slight hints in the early versions that his kingdom and lands suffers as he does, and 20th-century scholars have suggested his impotence affecting the fertility of the land and reducing it to a barren wasteland. The Fisher King appears first in Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes' \"Perceval, the Story of the Grail\" in the late 12th century, but the character's roots may lie in Celtic mythology."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "answer": {"text": "I love the term magic realism,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other terms were used?", "answer": {"text": "His films are usually imaginative fantasies.", "answer_start": 1109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some examples of his fantasy films?", "answer": {"text": "The Fisher King.", "answer_start": 848, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c83b7c35138545bdae2944edd1492368_0_q#4", "question": "How did his films do?", "rewrite": "How did Terry Gilliam films do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead. Due to the prolonged development period of the film, in 2010, DC Entertainment shifted focus onto developing a television series adaptation.", "Derrick O'Connor  Derrick O'Connor (3 January 1941 \u2013 29 June 2018) was an Irish theatre and character actor. O'Connor was best known for his performance as South African mercenary Pieter Vorstedt in \"Lethal Weapon 2\" and for his roles in three Terry Gilliam films. He starred as Jack Stone in \"The Professionals\" episode \" You'll be Alright\". He was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Gilliam, who directed O'Connor in three films, had noted in his audio commentaries that O'Connor seemed to have a habit of relinquishing most of his dialogue in favour of physical character humor. Notable examples include \"Time Bandits\", in which his character's dialogue was resorted to simple grunts while the Maid Marian character \"translated\" for him and in \"Brazil\", in which O'Connor scrapped all of his character's dialogue and simply repeated the dialogue of Bob Hoskins' character. He died on 29 June 2018 of pneumonia in Santa Barbara, California at the age of 77.", "\"Munchausen\" is the third entry in Gilliam's \"\"Trilogy of Imagination\"\", preceded by \"Time Bandits\" (1981) and \"Brazil\" (1985). All are about the \"craziness of our awkwardly ordered society and the desire to escape it through whatever means possible.\" Gilliam explains that, \"The one theme that runs through all three of these pictures is a consistently serious battle between fantasy and what people perceive as reality. \" All three films focus on these struggles and attempts to escape them through imagination: \"Time Bandits\", through the eyes of a child, \"Brazil\", through the eyes of a man in his thirties, and \"Munchausen\", through the eyes of an elderly man. When the production finally came to a successful closure, several of the actors commented on the rushed tightness of the whole project. Said Eric Idle, \"Up until \"Munchausen\", I'd always been very smart about Terry Gilliam films. You don't ever be in them. Go and see them by all means - but to be in them, \"fucking madness\"!!!\" Sarah Polley, who was nine years old at the time of filming, described it as a traumatic experience. \" [I]t definitely left me with a few scars ... It was just so dangerous. There were so many explosions going off so close to me, which is traumatic for a kid whether it's dangerous or not. Being in freezing cold water for long periods of time and working endless hours. It was physically grueling and unsafe.\" Production designer Dante Ferretti afterwards compared Gilliam to his former director, saying, \"Terry is very similar to Fellini in spirit. Fellini is a wilder liar, but that's the only difference! Terry isn't a director so much as a film author.", "As with the cult science fiction film \"Blade Runner\" (1982), which had been released three years earlier, a version of \"Brazil\" was created by the studio with a more consumer-friendly ending. After a lengthy delay with no sign of the film being released, Gilliam took out a full-page ad in the trade magazine \"Variety\" urging Sheinberg to release \"Brazil\" in its intended version. Sheinberg spoke publicly of his dispute with Gilliam in interviews and ran his own advertisement in \"Daily Variety\" offering to sell the film. Gilliam conducted private screenings of \"Brazil\" (without the studio's approval) for film schools and local critics. On the same night Universal's award contender \"Out of Africa\" premiered in New York, \"Brazil\" was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association award for \"Best Picture\". This prompted Universal to finally agree to release a modified 132-minute version supervised by Gilliam, in 1985. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 98% rating based on 47 reviews with an average rating of 8.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads \"Brazil, Terry Gilliam's visionary Orwellian fantasy, is an audacious dark comedy, filled with strange, imaginative visuals. \" On Metacritic, it received an 88/100 score based on 12 reviews. \"Los Angeles Times\" critic Kenneth Turan described the film as \"the most potent piece of satiric political cinema since \"Dr. Strangelove\"\". Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" was very positive towards the film upon its release, stating \"Terry Gilliam's \"Brazil,\" a jaunty, wittily observed vision of an extremely bleak future, is a superb example of the power of comedy to underscore serious ideas, even solemn ones.\"", "We need someone who has the same obsession with the source material as Peter Jackson had with \"Lord of the Rings\" or Sam Raimi had with \"Spider-Man\". \" That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "answer": {"text": "I love the term magic realism,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other terms were used?", "answer": {"text": "His films are usually imaginative fantasies.", "answer_start": 1109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some examples of his fantasy films?", "answer": {"text": "The Fisher King.", "answer_start": 848, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Any other films with that theme?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c83b7c35138545bdae2944edd1492368_0_q#5", "question": "What were his philosophical views?", "rewrite": "What were Terry Gilliam philosophical views?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead. Due to the prolonged development period of the film, in 2010, DC Entertainment shifted focus onto developing a television series adaptation.", "As with the cult science fiction film \"Blade Runner\" (1982), which had been released three years earlier, a version of \"Brazil\" was created by the studio with a more consumer-friendly ending. After a lengthy delay with no sign of the film being released, Gilliam took out a full-page ad in the trade magazine \"Variety\" urging Sheinberg to release \"Brazil\" in its intended version. Sheinberg spoke publicly of his dispute with Gilliam in interviews and ran his own advertisement in \"Daily Variety\" offering to sell the film. Gilliam conducted private screenings of \"Brazil\" (without the studio's approval) for film schools and local critics. On the same night Universal's award contender \"Out of Africa\" premiered in New York, \"Brazil\" was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association award for \"Best Picture\". This prompted Universal to finally agree to release a modified 132-minute version supervised by Gilliam, in 1985. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 98% rating based on 47 reviews with an average rating of 8.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads \"Brazil, Terry Gilliam's visionary Orwellian fantasy, is an audacious dark comedy, filled with strange, imaginative visuals. \" On Metacritic, it received an 88/100 score based on 12 reviews. \"Los Angeles Times\" critic Kenneth Turan described the film as \"the most potent piece of satiric political cinema since \"Dr. Strangelove\"\". Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" was very positive towards the film upon its release, stating \"Terry Gilliam's \"Brazil,\" a jaunty, wittily observed vision of an extremely bleak future, is a superb example of the power of comedy to underscore serious ideas, even solemn ones.\"", "Story Time (film) Story Time is a 1979 short animated comedy compilation film written, directed and animated by Terry Gilliam. It is compiled from several of Gilliam's works from the late 1960s and early 1970s, and stylistically resembles the distinctive animations which Gilliam produced in that period for \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\". \"Story Time\" is composed of three loosely connected animated segments. The first two, \"Don the Cockroach\" and \"The Albert Einstein Story\", were originally broadcast in the 1971\u20131972 TV series \"The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine\", while the third, \"The Christmas Card\", was created for the 1968 Christmas Special of \"Do Not Adjust Your Set\". The film was included on the 2001 DVD release of \"Jabberwocky\" as a bonus feature. It was also shown as an accompaniment to some British theatrical releases of \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\". The film begins with an animated version of director Terry Gilliam reading from a children's storybook. The story, \"Don the Cockroach\", opens with a palace high atop a mountain. Inside the wall of one of its rooms lives a cheerful cockroach named Don, who is shown frolicking and generally enjoying his life as a cockroach. One day, as Don scurries across a kitchen floor, he is suddenly crushed by a foot. The narrator Gilliam remarks that this does not matter, as cockroaches are not very interesting. The story then shifts to the man who crushed Don, then to his brother, then to the brother's friend, then to the friend's employer, and so forth. Eventually the chain of interconnected people reaches a cleaning lady who is involved in a search-and-destroy mission against a colony of cockroaches, one of whom is named Don.", "In 2003, \"The New York Times\" described Kurtzman as \"one of the most important figures in postwar America\" over \"Mad\"s influence on popular culture. This was an upgrade from the Times' obituary for Kurtzman in 1993, which said he had \"helped found \"Mad\" Magazine. \" This prompted an angry response to the newspaper from Art Spiegelman, who complained that awarding Kurtzman partial credit for starting \"Mad\" was \"like saying Michelangelo helped paint the Sistine Chapel just because some Pope owned the ceiling.\" Kurtzman acted as mentor to a large number of cartoonists, such as Terry Gilliam, Robert Crumb, and Gilbert Shelton. Students of his at the School of Visual Arts included John Holmstrom, Batton Lash, and Drew Friedman. Kurtzman, and particularly his work on \"Mad\", is the most frequently cited influence on the movement\u2014comics historian Mark Estren called \"Mad\" \"the granddaddy of the underground \". In 1958, Robert Crumb and his older brother Charles self-published three issues of the \"Humbug\"-inspired fanzine \"Foo\" in 1958. The venture was not a financial success, and Crumb turned to producing comics to satisfy himself. In 1964 Kurtzman published his work in \"Help!\". Kurtzman's style of humor influenced countercultural comedians from the 1960s on, including the sketch comedy series \"Saturday Night Live\", according to member Harry Shearer. \"Help!\" contributor Terry Gilliam, who went on to be a member of Monty Python, called Kurtzman \"n many ways ... one of the godparents of Monty Python\". In his 1985 film \"Brazil\", Terry Gilliam gave Ian Holm's character the name \"Kurtzmann\".", "We need someone who has the same obsession with the source material as Peter Jackson had with \"Lord of the Rings\" or Sam Raimi had with \"Spider-Man\". \" That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead."], "answer": {"text": "So it's better learning about philosophy and art and architecture [and] literature, these are the things to be concentrating on it seems to me. Then, you can fly...!\"", "answer_start": 942}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "answer": {"text": "I love the term magic realism,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other terms were used?", "answer": {"text": "His films are usually imaginative fantasies.", "answer_start": 1109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some examples of his fantasy films?", "answer": {"text": "The Fisher King.", "answer_start": 848, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Any other films with that theme?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his films do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c83b7c35138545bdae2944edd1492368_0_q#6", "question": "Did he do any teaching?", "rewrite": "Did Terry Gilliam do any teaching?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As with the cult science fiction film \"Blade Runner\" (1982), which had been released three years earlier, a version of \"Brazil\" was created by the studio with a more consumer-friendly ending. After a lengthy delay with no sign of the film being released, Gilliam took out a full-page ad in the trade magazine \"Variety\" urging Sheinberg to release \"Brazil\" in its intended version. Sheinberg spoke publicly of his dispute with Gilliam in interviews and ran his own advertisement in \"Daily Variety\" offering to sell the film. Gilliam conducted private screenings of \"Brazil\" (without the studio's approval) for film schools and local critics. On the same night Universal's award contender \"Out of Africa\" premiered in New York, \"Brazil\" was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association award for \"Best Picture\". This prompted Universal to finally agree to release a modified 132-minute version supervised by Gilliam, in 1985. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 98% rating based on 47 reviews with an average rating of 8.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads \"Brazil, Terry Gilliam's visionary Orwellian fantasy, is an audacious dark comedy, filled with strange, imaginative visuals. \" On Metacritic, it received an 88/100 score based on 12 reviews. \"Los Angeles Times\" critic Kenneth Turan described the film as \"the most potent piece of satiric political cinema since \"Dr. Strangelove\"\". Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" was very positive towards the film upon its release, stating \"Terry Gilliam's \"Brazil,\" a jaunty, wittily observed vision of an extremely bleak future, is a superb example of the power of comedy to underscore serious ideas, even solemn ones.\"", "We need someone who has the same obsession with the source material as Peter Jackson had with \"Lord of the Rings\" or Sam Raimi had with \"Spider-Man\". \" That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead.", "Story Time (film) Story Time is a 1979 short animated comedy compilation film written, directed and animated by Terry Gilliam. It is compiled from several of Gilliam's works from the late 1960s and early 1970s, and stylistically resembles the distinctive animations which Gilliam produced in that period for \"Monty Python's Flying Circus\". \"Story Time\" is composed of three loosely connected animated segments. The first two, \"Don the Cockroach\" and \"The Albert Einstein Story\", were originally broadcast in the 1971\u20131972 TV series \"The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine\", while the third, \"The Christmas Card\", was created for the 1968 Christmas Special of \"Do Not Adjust Your Set\". The film was included on the 2001 DVD release of \"Jabberwocky\" as a bonus feature. It was also shown as an accompaniment to some British theatrical releases of \"Monty Python's Life of Brian\". The film begins with an animated version of director Terry Gilliam reading from a children's storybook. The story, \"Don the Cockroach\", opens with a palace high atop a mountain. Inside the wall of one of its rooms lives a cheerful cockroach named Don, who is shown frolicking and generally enjoying his life as a cockroach. One day, as Don scurries across a kitchen floor, he is suddenly crushed by a foot. The narrator Gilliam remarks that this does not matter, as cockroaches are not very interesting. The story then shifts to the man who crushed Don, then to his brother, then to the brother's friend, then to the friend's employer, and so forth. Eventually the chain of interconnected people reaches a cleaning lady who is involved in a search-and-destroy mission against a colony of cockroaches, one of whom is named Don.", "In 2003, \"The New York Times\" described Kurtzman as \"one of the most important figures in postwar America\" over \"Mad\"s influence on popular culture. This was an upgrade from the Times' obituary for Kurtzman in 1993, which said he had \"helped found \"Mad\" Magazine. \" This prompted an angry response to the newspaper from Art Spiegelman, who complained that awarding Kurtzman partial credit for starting \"Mad\" was \"like saying Michelangelo helped paint the Sistine Chapel just because some Pope owned the ceiling.\" Kurtzman acted as mentor to a large number of cartoonists, such as Terry Gilliam, Robert Crumb, and Gilbert Shelton. Students of his at the School of Visual Arts included John Holmstrom, Batton Lash, and Drew Friedman. Kurtzman, and particularly his work on \"Mad\", is the most frequently cited influence on the movement\u2014comics historian Mark Estren called \"Mad\" \"the granddaddy of the underground \". In 1958, Robert Crumb and his older brother Charles self-published three issues of the \"Humbug\"-inspired fanzine \"Foo\" in 1958. The venture was not a financial success, and Crumb turned to producing comics to satisfy himself. In 1964 Kurtzman published his work in \"Help!\". Kurtzman's style of humor influenced countercultural comedians from the 1960s on, including the sketch comedy series \"Saturday Night Live\", according to member Harry Shearer. \"Help!\" contributor Terry Gilliam, who went on to be a member of Monty Python, called Kurtzman \"n many ways ... one of the godparents of Monty Python\". In his 1985 film \"Brazil\", Terry Gilliam gave Ian Holm's character the name \"Kurtzmann\".", "That same year, he stated that he could imagine Terry Gilliam as a director for the adaptation: \"I would always give anything to Terry Gilliam, forever, so if Terry Gilliam ever wants to do \"Sandman\" then as far as I'm concerned Terry Gilliam should do Sandman.\" In 2013, DC President Diane Nelson said that a Sandman film would be as rich as the Harry Potter universe. David S. Goyer announced in an interview in early December that he would be producing an adaptation of the graphic novel, alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Neil Gaiman. Jack Thorne was hired to write the script. On October 16, 2014, Gaiman clarified that while the film was not announced with the DC slate by Warner Bros., it would instead be distributed by Vertigo and announced with those slate of films. Goyer told \"Deadline Hollywood\" in an interview that the studio was very happy with the film's script. According to Deadline.com, the film was to be distributed by New Line Cinema. In October 2015, Goyer revealed that a new screenwriter was being brought on board to revise the script by Jack Thorne and stated that he believed the film would go into production the following year. In March 2016, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Eric Heisserer was hired to rewrite the film's script. The next day, Gordon-Levitt announced that he had dropped out due to disagreements with the studio over the creative direction of the film. On November 9, 2016, i09 reported that Heisserer had turned in his draft of the script but left the film, stating that the film should be an HBO series instead. Due to the prolonged development period of the film, in 2010, DC Entertainment shifted focus onto developing a television series adaptation."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What themes did Terry Gilliam use?", "answer": {"text": "I love the term magic realism,", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other terms were used?", "answer": {"text": "His films are usually imaginative fantasies.", "answer_start": 1109, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some examples of his fantasy films?", "answer": {"text": "The Fisher King.", "answer_start": 848, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Any other films with that theme?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his films do?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were his philosophical views?", "answer": {"text": "So it's better learning about philosophy and art and architecture [and] literature, these are the things to be concentrating on it seems to me. Then, you can fly...!\"", "answer_start": 942, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2eb437fead8441589db43d60861400b2_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Rudolf Steiner born?", "rewrite": "Where was Rudolf Steiner born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Karl Ballmer Karl Ballmer (23 February 1891 \u2013 7 September 1958) was a Swiss painter, anthroposophical philosopher, and writer. In 1918, he met Rudolf Steiner. Shortly after 1920 he settled in Hamburg. After studying anthroposophy as autodidact for seven years, he tried to bring Rudolf Steiner into the discussions of the scientific world. In 1928, he published the Rudolf Steiner-Bl\u00e4tter for those who wanted to comprehend the so-called Rudolf Steiner Event. In 1938, together with his friend, Edith van Cleef, he leaves Hamburg, Germany and moves back to Switzerland. In Lamone near Lugano he lives painting and writing for the remaining 20 years in almost total solitude. He writes about physics, philosophy, and theology \u2013 as anthroposophy. In his writings he targets fundamentals without compromises; he possesses huge natural scientific and spiritual scientific knowledge, thus the level of his publications was mostly very high. In studying his works readers can experience sensitive self-encounters, (sadly) often without further consequences (in their own development). Ballmer, similar to Steiner, could be himself seen as an \"Event\" in development of mankind \u2013 as confrontation with the world process, of which he takes part. Karl Ballmer's research in cognitive science and the evolution of the human self-awareness was influenced mainly by two books, 1) Rudolf Steiner's \"Occult Science\" (1909) and 2) Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin's \"Irrth\u00fcmer und Wahrheit, oder R\u00fcckwei\u00df f\u00fcr die Menschen auf das allgemeine Principium aller Erkenntni\u00df\" (1782). (See quote from Karl Ballmer's \"Deutsche Physik \u2014 von einem Schweizer\" in the latter.) Posthumous:", "Rudolf Steiner spoke highly of them and of the philosophical works they had written, in particular \"Hegel's Educational Theory and Practice\" and Jack Mackenzie's \"Elements of Constructive Philosophy\". As a result of this conference, Mellicent arranged for a lecture cycle for British teachers to take place at Christmas 1921 by Rudolf Steiner and some of the Waldorf teachers. Around forty people responded to her invitation, travelling from England to Dornach, where Rudolf Steiner held the lecture cycle \"Soul Economy \u2013 Body, Soul and Spirit in Waldorf Education\" besides a varied supporting programme. On her return to Britain, Millicent then initiated the educational conference in Stratford-on-Avon in April 1922, was the founder and chairperson of the \"Educational Union\" whose purpose was to bring awareness of Rudolf Steiner's educational ideas into English and American teacher's organisations and directed the organisational group for the summer conference \"Spiritual Values in Education and Social Life\" in August 1922 in Oxford. She organised the public lecture of Rudolf Steiner on education on 30 August 1924 in Essex Hall, London under the auspices of the Educational Union for the Realisation of Spiritual Values and gave the welcoming address. Through her efforts the founders of Steiner-Waldorf education in the United Kingdom were introduced to these ideas and built up the first schools. John Mackenzie, her husband, died in December 1935 in their home in the village of Brockweir near Chepstow in Gloucestershire. She edited his autobiographical notes and published them in 1936. When the Brockweir town hall was built in 1937, she donated the money for the building and called it the Mackenzie Hall in honour of her husband John S Mackenzie. Millicent Mackenzie died on 10 December 1942 in Brockweir. Cardiff University's Mackenzie House in Newport Road is named in honour of her.", "Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School (TRSS) is a privately funded school with a special character, a Waldorf school located in Auckland, New Zealand A co-educational, non-denominational and independent education for children aged birth to eighteen (Playgroup to High School) based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner. Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School provides a comprehensive Waldorf education Curriculum and environment which encourages and promotes independent thinking and social responsibility. The School understands children as beings of body, soul and spirit and guides them to develop compassion and reverence for themselves and the world community through realising their social, academic and artistic potential. The unique gifts and contributions of each child are honoured through a developmentally appropriate awakening of thinking, feeling and willing as indicated by Rudolf Steiner. It is located on a site of over 29 hectares in West Auckland's Waitakere Ranges. According to the 2018 Education Review Office report the school had 179 pupils out of which 18 were international. Out of those, 58% were female and 42% were male. The racial markup was 79% P\u0101keh\u0101, 4% M\u0101ori, 12% Asian, 3% Pacific and 2% of other races. ERO also found that the school meets the registration as a private school criteria. The school's Kindergarten was reviewed separately by ERO who stated that 80% of teachers there were qualified. When it came to demographics, they were slightly different from the main school. The Titirangi Rudolf Steiner Kindergarten 1 had 53 pupils at the time of a review, 28 of which were male and 25 female. Out of those, 40% were P\u0101keh\u0101, 3% were M\u0101ori, 2% were Japanese, 6% of European descent and 2% were of other races.", "Marie Steiner-von Sivers Marie Steiner-von Sivers (born Marie von Sivers, 14 March 1867 \u2013 27 December 1948) was the second wife of Rudolf Steiner and one of his closest colleagues. She made a great contribution to the development of anthroposophy, particularly in her work on the renewal of the performing arts (eurythmy, speech and drama), and the editing and publishing of Rudolf Steiner's literary estate. Marie von Sivers was born to an aristocratic family in W\u0142oc\u0142awek, Poland, then part of Imperial Russia. She was well-educated and was fluent in Russian, German, English, French and Italian. She studied theater and recitation with several teachers in Europe. Marie von Sivers \"appeared one day\" at one of Rudolf Steiner's early lectures in 1900. In the autumn of 1901, she posed the question to Steiner, \"Would it be possible to create a spiritual movement based on European tradition and the impetus of Christ?\" Rudolf Steiner later reported:With this, I was given the opportunity to act in a way that I had only previously imagined. The question had been put to me, and now, according to spiritual laws, I could begin to answer it. Marie von Sivers collaborated with Steiner for the rest of Steiner's life and carried his work beyond his death in 1925 until her own death in 1948. She accompanied him and helped him as secretary, translator, editor, and organizer of his lecture tours and other public activities. She assisted Steiner's work with her own resources and in 1908 founded the Philosophical-Theosophical Press (later Philosophical-Anthroposophical) to publish Steiner's work. On 24 December 1914, von Sivers married Rudolf Steiner. Anna Eunicke Steiner, Steiner's first wife, had died in 1911.", "She learnt about Theosophy at the beginning of World War I when a copy of the \"Secret Doctrine\" of H.P. Blavatsky was sent her by persons unknown. As she read it, she felt as if guided by some unseen hand, and studied further works of Annie Besant and other Theosophists. After the war, she was made aware of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s \"Knowledge of the Higher Worlds\". In January 1922 she met Daniel Nicol Dunlop in London for the first time. He was reading a lecture of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s to the anthroposophical group there. A few months later, her husband died of pneumonia, after which she had her first personal conversation with DN Dunlop. Dunlop was still fired up with gratitude over his meeting with Rudolf Steiner some few weeks previously. She thereupon took part in the conference \"Spiritual Values in Education\" in Oxford that August, where she met Rudolf Steiner personally for the first time. She saw him first in a corridor and by his gait and the manner in which he looked at her, she had the impression: \" He knows where he is going.\" She assisted D.N. Dunlop in the preparation of the subsequent Summer School in Penmaenmawr the following year, where a further conversation with Rudolf Steiner took place in which he recommended to her the new techniques in painting that had been developed under his guidance. She was soon exhibiting publicly in London and elsewhere. He also advised her to form as strong a bond as possible with Dunlop. This summer school, devoted to the theme \"The Evolution of Consciousness\" was felt by Steiner to be a milestone in the development of the anthroposophical movement. Eleanor was present at the founding of the new General Anthroposophical Society at the Goetheanum in Dornach, Switzerland around New Year 1923/24."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2eb437fead8441589db43d60861400b2_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Rudolf Steiner grow up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Marie Steiner-von Sivers Marie Steiner-von Sivers (born Marie von Sivers, 14 March 1867 \u2013 27 December 1948) was the second wife of Rudolf Steiner and one of his closest colleagues. She made a great contribution to the development of anthroposophy, particularly in her work on the renewal of the performing arts (eurythmy, speech and drama), and the editing and publishing of Rudolf Steiner's literary estate. Marie von Sivers was born to an aristocratic family in W\u0142oc\u0142awek, Poland, then part of Imperial Russia. She was well-educated and was fluent in Russian, German, English, French and Italian. She studied theater and recitation with several teachers in Europe. Marie von Sivers \"appeared one day\" at one of Rudolf Steiner's early lectures in 1900. In the autumn of 1901, she posed the question to Steiner, \"Would it be possible to create a spiritual movement based on European tradition and the impetus of Christ?\" Rudolf Steiner later reported:With this, I was given the opportunity to act in a way that I had only previously imagined. The question had been put to me, and now, according to spiritual laws, I could begin to answer it. Marie von Sivers collaborated with Steiner for the rest of Steiner's life and carried his work beyond his death in 1925 until her own death in 1948. She accompanied him and helped him as secretary, translator, editor, and organizer of his lecture tours and other public activities. She assisted Steiner's work with her own resources and in 1908 founded the Philosophical-Theosophical Press (later Philosophical-Anthroposophical) to publish Steiner's work. On 24 December 1914, von Sivers married Rudolf Steiner. Anna Eunicke Steiner, Steiner's first wife, had died in 1911.", "Rudolf Steiner spoke highly of them and of the philosophical works they had written, in particular \"Hegel's Educational Theory and Practice\" and Jack Mackenzie's \"Elements of Constructive Philosophy\". As a result of this conference, Mellicent arranged for a lecture cycle for British teachers to take place at Christmas 1921 by Rudolf Steiner and some of the Waldorf teachers. Around forty people responded to her invitation, travelling from England to Dornach, where Rudolf Steiner held the lecture cycle \"Soul Economy \u2013 Body, Soul and Spirit in Waldorf Education\" besides a varied supporting programme. On her return to Britain, Millicent then initiated the educational conference in Stratford-on-Avon in April 1922, was the founder and chairperson of the \"Educational Union\" whose purpose was to bring awareness of Rudolf Steiner's educational ideas into English and American teacher's organisations and directed the organisational group for the summer conference \"Spiritual Values in Education and Social Life\" in August 1922 in Oxford. She organised the public lecture of Rudolf Steiner on education on 30 August 1924 in Essex Hall, London under the auspices of the Educational Union for the Realisation of Spiritual Values and gave the welcoming address. Through her efforts the founders of Steiner-Waldorf education in the United Kingdom were introduced to these ideas and built up the first schools. John Mackenzie, her husband, died in December 1935 in their home in the village of Brockweir near Chepstow in Gloucestershire. She edited his autobiographical notes and published them in 1936. When the Brockweir town hall was built in 1937, she donated the money for the building and called it the Mackenzie Hall in honour of her husband John S Mackenzie. Millicent Mackenzie died on 10 December 1942 in Brockweir. Cardiff University's Mackenzie House in Newport Road is named in honour of her.", "Karl Ballmer Karl Ballmer (23 February 1891 \u2013 7 September 1958) was a Swiss painter, anthroposophical philosopher, and writer. In 1918, he met Rudolf Steiner. Shortly after 1920 he settled in Hamburg. After studying anthroposophy as autodidact for seven years, he tried to bring Rudolf Steiner into the discussions of the scientific world. In 1928, he published the Rudolf Steiner-Bl\u00e4tter for those who wanted to comprehend the so-called Rudolf Steiner Event. In 1938, together with his friend, Edith van Cleef, he leaves Hamburg, Germany and moves back to Switzerland. In Lamone near Lugano he lives painting and writing for the remaining 20 years in almost total solitude. He writes about physics, philosophy, and theology \u2013 as anthroposophy. In his writings he targets fundamentals without compromises; he possesses huge natural scientific and spiritual scientific knowledge, thus the level of his publications was mostly very high. In studying his works readers can experience sensitive self-encounters, (sadly) often without further consequences (in their own development). Ballmer, similar to Steiner, could be himself seen as an \"Event\" in development of mankind \u2013 as confrontation with the world process, of which he takes part. Karl Ballmer's research in cognitive science and the evolution of the human self-awareness was influenced mainly by two books, 1) Rudolf Steiner's \"Occult Science\" (1909) and 2) Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin's \"Irrth\u00fcmer und Wahrheit, oder R\u00fcckwei\u00df f\u00fcr die Menschen auf das allgemeine Principium aller Erkenntni\u00df\" (1782). (See quote from Karl Ballmer's \"Deutsche Physik \u2014 von einem Schweizer\" in the latter.) Posthumous:", "She learnt about Theosophy at the beginning of World War I when a copy of the \"Secret Doctrine\" of H.P. Blavatsky was sent her by persons unknown. As she read it, she felt as if guided by some unseen hand, and studied further works of Annie Besant and other Theosophists. After the war, she was made aware of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s \"Knowledge of the Higher Worlds\". In January 1922 she met Daniel Nicol Dunlop in London for the first time. He was reading a lecture of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s to the anthroposophical group there. A few months later, her husband died of pneumonia, after which she had her first personal conversation with DN Dunlop. Dunlop was still fired up with gratitude over his meeting with Rudolf Steiner some few weeks previously. She thereupon took part in the conference \"Spiritual Values in Education\" in Oxford that August, where she met Rudolf Steiner personally for the first time. She saw him first in a corridor and by his gait and the manner in which he looked at her, she had the impression: \" He knows where he is going.\" She assisted D.N. Dunlop in the preparation of the subsequent Summer School in Penmaenmawr the following year, where a further conversation with Rudolf Steiner took place in which he recommended to her the new techniques in painting that had been developed under his guidance. She was soon exhibiting publicly in London and elsewhere. He also advised her to form as strong a bond as possible with Dunlop. This summer school, devoted to the theme \"The Evolution of Consciousness\" was felt by Steiner to be a milestone in the development of the anthroposophical movement. Eleanor was present at the founding of the new General Anthroposophical Society at the Goetheanum in Dornach, Switzerland around New Year 1923/24.", "Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School (TRSS) is a privately funded school with a special character, a Waldorf school located in Auckland, New Zealand A co-educational, non-denominational and independent education for children aged birth to eighteen (Playgroup to High School) based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner. Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School provides a comprehensive Waldorf education Curriculum and environment which encourages and promotes independent thinking and social responsibility. The School understands children as beings of body, soul and spirit and guides them to develop compassion and reverence for themselves and the world community through realising their social, academic and artistic potential. The unique gifts and contributions of each child are honoured through a developmentally appropriate awakening of thinking, feeling and willing as indicated by Rudolf Steiner. It is located on a site of over 29 hectares in West Auckland's Waitakere Ranges. According to the 2018 Education Review Office report the school had 179 pupils out of which 18 were international. Out of those, 58% were female and 42% were male. The racial markup was 79% P\u0101keh\u0101, 4% M\u0101ori, 12% Asian, 3% Pacific and 2% of other races. ERO also found that the school meets the registration as a private school criteria. The school's Kindergarten was reviewed separately by ERO who stated that 80% of teachers there were qualified. When it came to demographics, they were slightly different from the main school. The Titirangi Rudolf Steiner Kindergarten 1 had 53 pupils at the time of a review, 28 of which were male and 25 female. Out of those, 40% were P\u0101keh\u0101, 3% were M\u0101ori, 2% were Japanese, 6% of European descent and 2% were of other races."], "answer": {"text": "Hoyos in Geras, northeast Lower Austria to", "answer_start": 108}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Rudolf Steiner born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2eb437fead8441589db43d60861400b2_1_q#2", "question": "who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Rudolf Steiner's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Karl Ballmer Karl Ballmer (23 February 1891 \u2013 7 September 1958) was a Swiss painter, anthroposophical philosopher, and writer. In 1918, he met Rudolf Steiner. Shortly after 1920 he settled in Hamburg. After studying anthroposophy as autodidact for seven years, he tried to bring Rudolf Steiner into the discussions of the scientific world. In 1928, he published the Rudolf Steiner-Bl\u00e4tter for those who wanted to comprehend the so-called Rudolf Steiner Event. In 1938, together with his friend, Edith van Cleef, he leaves Hamburg, Germany and moves back to Switzerland. In Lamone near Lugano he lives painting and writing for the remaining 20 years in almost total solitude. He writes about physics, philosophy, and theology \u2013 as anthroposophy. In his writings he targets fundamentals without compromises; he possesses huge natural scientific and spiritual scientific knowledge, thus the level of his publications was mostly very high. In studying his works readers can experience sensitive self-encounters, (sadly) often without further consequences (in their own development). Ballmer, similar to Steiner, could be himself seen as an \"Event\" in development of mankind \u2013 as confrontation with the world process, of which he takes part. Karl Ballmer's research in cognitive science and the evolution of the human self-awareness was influenced mainly by two books, 1) Rudolf Steiner's \"Occult Science\" (1909) and 2) Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin's \"Irrth\u00fcmer und Wahrheit, oder R\u00fcckwei\u00df f\u00fcr die Menschen auf das allgemeine Principium aller Erkenntni\u00df\" (1782). (See quote from Karl Ballmer's \"Deutsche Physik \u2014 von einem Schweizer\" in the latter.) Posthumous:", "Rudolf Steiner spoke highly of them and of the philosophical works they had written, in particular \"Hegel's Educational Theory and Practice\" and Jack Mackenzie's \"Elements of Constructive Philosophy\". As a result of this conference, Mellicent arranged for a lecture cycle for British teachers to take place at Christmas 1921 by Rudolf Steiner and some of the Waldorf teachers. Around forty people responded to her invitation, travelling from England to Dornach, where Rudolf Steiner held the lecture cycle \"Soul Economy \u2013 Body, Soul and Spirit in Waldorf Education\" besides a varied supporting programme. On her return to Britain, Millicent then initiated the educational conference in Stratford-on-Avon in April 1922, was the founder and chairperson of the \"Educational Union\" whose purpose was to bring awareness of Rudolf Steiner's educational ideas into English and American teacher's organisations and directed the organisational group for the summer conference \"Spiritual Values in Education and Social Life\" in August 1922 in Oxford. She organised the public lecture of Rudolf Steiner on education on 30 August 1924 in Essex Hall, London under the auspices of the Educational Union for the Realisation of Spiritual Values and gave the welcoming address. Through her efforts the founders of Steiner-Waldorf education in the United Kingdom were introduced to these ideas and built up the first schools. John Mackenzie, her husband, died in December 1935 in their home in the village of Brockweir near Chepstow in Gloucestershire. She edited his autobiographical notes and published them in 1936. When the Brockweir town hall was built in 1937, she donated the money for the building and called it the Mackenzie Hall in honour of her husband John S Mackenzie. Millicent Mackenzie died on 10 December 1942 in Brockweir. Cardiff University's Mackenzie House in Newport Road is named in honour of her.", "Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School (TRSS) is a privately funded school with a special character, a Waldorf school located in Auckland, New Zealand A co-educational, non-denominational and independent education for children aged birth to eighteen (Playgroup to High School) based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner. Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School provides a comprehensive Waldorf education Curriculum and environment which encourages and promotes independent thinking and social responsibility. The School understands children as beings of body, soul and spirit and guides them to develop compassion and reverence for themselves and the world community through realising their social, academic and artistic potential. The unique gifts and contributions of each child are honoured through a developmentally appropriate awakening of thinking, feeling and willing as indicated by Rudolf Steiner. It is located on a site of over 29 hectares in West Auckland's Waitakere Ranges. According to the 2018 Education Review Office report the school had 179 pupils out of which 18 were international. Out of those, 58% were female and 42% were male. The racial markup was 79% P\u0101keh\u0101, 4% M\u0101ori, 12% Asian, 3% Pacific and 2% of other races. ERO also found that the school meets the registration as a private school criteria. The school's Kindergarten was reviewed separately by ERO who stated that 80% of teachers there were qualified. When it came to demographics, they were slightly different from the main school. The Titirangi Rudolf Steiner Kindergarten 1 had 53 pupils at the time of a review, 28 of which were male and 25 female. Out of those, 40% were P\u0101keh\u0101, 3% were M\u0101ori, 2% were Japanese, 6% of European descent and 2% were of other races.", "Marie Steiner-von Sivers Marie Steiner-von Sivers (born Marie von Sivers, 14 March 1867 \u2013 27 December 1948) was the second wife of Rudolf Steiner and one of his closest colleagues. She made a great contribution to the development of anthroposophy, particularly in her work on the renewal of the performing arts (eurythmy, speech and drama), and the editing and publishing of Rudolf Steiner's literary estate. Marie von Sivers was born to an aristocratic family in W\u0142oc\u0142awek, Poland, then part of Imperial Russia. She was well-educated and was fluent in Russian, German, English, French and Italian. She studied theater and recitation with several teachers in Europe. Marie von Sivers \"appeared one day\" at one of Rudolf Steiner's early lectures in 1900. In the autumn of 1901, she posed the question to Steiner, \"Would it be possible to create a spiritual movement based on European tradition and the impetus of Christ?\" Rudolf Steiner later reported:With this, I was given the opportunity to act in a way that I had only previously imagined. The question had been put to me, and now, according to spiritual laws, I could begin to answer it. Marie von Sivers collaborated with Steiner for the rest of Steiner's life and carried his work beyond his death in 1925 until her own death in 1948. She accompanied him and helped him as secretary, translator, editor, and organizer of his lecture tours and other public activities. She assisted Steiner's work with her own resources and in 1908 founded the Philosophical-Theosophical Press (later Philosophical-Anthroposophical) to publish Steiner's work. On 24 December 1914, von Sivers married Rudolf Steiner. Anna Eunicke Steiner, Steiner's first wife, had died in 1911.", "She learnt about Theosophy at the beginning of World War I when a copy of the \"Secret Doctrine\" of H.P. Blavatsky was sent her by persons unknown. As she read it, she felt as if guided by some unseen hand, and studied further works of Annie Besant and other Theosophists. After the war, she was made aware of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s \"Knowledge of the Higher Worlds\". In January 1922 she met Daniel Nicol Dunlop in London for the first time. He was reading a lecture of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s to the anthroposophical group there. A few months later, her husband died of pneumonia, after which she had her first personal conversation with DN Dunlop. Dunlop was still fired up with gratitude over his meeting with Rudolf Steiner some few weeks previously. She thereupon took part in the conference \"Spiritual Values in Education\" in Oxford that August, where she met Rudolf Steiner personally for the first time. She saw him first in a corridor and by his gait and the manner in which he looked at her, she had the impression: \" He knows where he is going.\" She assisted D.N. Dunlop in the preparation of the subsequent Summer School in Penmaenmawr the following year, where a further conversation with Rudolf Steiner took place in which he recommended to her the new techniques in painting that had been developed under his guidance. She was soon exhibiting publicly in London and elsewhere. He also advised her to form as strong a bond as possible with Dunlop. This summer school, devoted to the theme \"The Evolution of Consciousness\" was felt by Steiner to be a milestone in the development of the anthroposophical movement. Eleanor was present at the founding of the new General Anthroposophical Society at the Goetheanum in Dornach, Switzerland around New Year 1923/24."], "answer": {"text": "Steiner's father, Johann(es) Steiner (1829 - 1910),", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Rudolf Steiner born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Hoyos in Geras, northeast Lower Austria to", "answer_start": 108, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2eb437fead8441589db43d60861400b2_1_q#3", "question": "did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Rudolf Steiner have any siblings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School (TRSS) is a privately funded school with a special character, a Waldorf school located in Auckland, New Zealand A co-educational, non-denominational and independent education for children aged birth to eighteen (Playgroup to High School) based on the educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner. Titirangi Rudolf Steiner School provides a comprehensive Waldorf education Curriculum and environment which encourages and promotes independent thinking and social responsibility. The School understands children as beings of body, soul and spirit and guides them to develop compassion and reverence for themselves and the world community through realising their social, academic and artistic potential. The unique gifts and contributions of each child are honoured through a developmentally appropriate awakening of thinking, feeling and willing as indicated by Rudolf Steiner. It is located on a site of over 29 hectares in West Auckland's Waitakere Ranges. According to the 2018 Education Review Office report the school had 179 pupils out of which 18 were international. Out of those, 58% were female and 42% were male. The racial markup was 79% P\u0101keh\u0101, 4% M\u0101ori, 12% Asian, 3% Pacific and 2% of other races. ERO also found that the school meets the registration as a private school criteria. The school's Kindergarten was reviewed separately by ERO who stated that 80% of teachers there were qualified. When it came to demographics, they were slightly different from the main school. The Titirangi Rudolf Steiner Kindergarten 1 had 53 pupils at the time of a review, 28 of which were male and 25 female. Out of those, 40% were P\u0101keh\u0101, 3% were M\u0101ori, 2% were Japanese, 6% of European descent and 2% were of other races.", "Marie Steiner-von Sivers Marie Steiner-von Sivers (born Marie von Sivers, 14 March 1867 \u2013 27 December 1948) was the second wife of Rudolf Steiner and one of his closest colleagues. She made a great contribution to the development of anthroposophy, particularly in her work on the renewal of the performing arts (eurythmy, speech and drama), and the editing and publishing of Rudolf Steiner's literary estate. Marie von Sivers was born to an aristocratic family in W\u0142oc\u0142awek, Poland, then part of Imperial Russia. She was well-educated and was fluent in Russian, German, English, French and Italian. She studied theater and recitation with several teachers in Europe. Marie von Sivers \"appeared one day\" at one of Rudolf Steiner's early lectures in 1900. In the autumn of 1901, she posed the question to Steiner, \"Would it be possible to create a spiritual movement based on European tradition and the impetus of Christ?\" Rudolf Steiner later reported:With this, I was given the opportunity to act in a way that I had only previously imagined. The question had been put to me, and now, according to spiritual laws, I could begin to answer it. Marie von Sivers collaborated with Steiner for the rest of Steiner's life and carried his work beyond his death in 1925 until her own death in 1948. She accompanied him and helped him as secretary, translator, editor, and organizer of his lecture tours and other public activities. She assisted Steiner's work with her own resources and in 1908 founded the Philosophical-Theosophical Press (later Philosophical-Anthroposophical) to publish Steiner's work. On 24 December 1914, von Sivers married Rudolf Steiner. Anna Eunicke Steiner, Steiner's first wife, had died in 1911.", "Karl Ballmer Karl Ballmer (23 February 1891 \u2013 7 September 1958) was a Swiss painter, anthroposophical philosopher, and writer. In 1918, he met Rudolf Steiner. Shortly after 1920 he settled in Hamburg. After studying anthroposophy as autodidact for seven years, he tried to bring Rudolf Steiner into the discussions of the scientific world. In 1928, he published the Rudolf Steiner-Bl\u00e4tter for those who wanted to comprehend the so-called Rudolf Steiner Event. In 1938, together with his friend, Edith van Cleef, he leaves Hamburg, Germany and moves back to Switzerland. In Lamone near Lugano he lives painting and writing for the remaining 20 years in almost total solitude. He writes about physics, philosophy, and theology \u2013 as anthroposophy. In his writings he targets fundamentals without compromises; he possesses huge natural scientific and spiritual scientific knowledge, thus the level of his publications was mostly very high. In studying his works readers can experience sensitive self-encounters, (sadly) often without further consequences (in their own development). Ballmer, similar to Steiner, could be himself seen as an \"Event\" in development of mankind \u2013 as confrontation with the world process, of which he takes part. Karl Ballmer's research in cognitive science and the evolution of the human self-awareness was influenced mainly by two books, 1) Rudolf Steiner's \"Occult Science\" (1909) and 2) Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin's \"Irrth\u00fcmer und Wahrheit, oder R\u00fcckwei\u00df f\u00fcr die Menschen auf das allgemeine Principium aller Erkenntni\u00df\" (1782). (See quote from Karl Ballmer's \"Deutsche Physik \u2014 von einem Schweizer\" in the latter.) Posthumous:", "Rudolf Steiner spoke highly of them and of the philosophical works they had written, in particular \"Hegel's Educational Theory and Practice\" and Jack Mackenzie's \"Elements of Constructive Philosophy\". As a result of this conference, Mellicent arranged for a lecture cycle for British teachers to take place at Christmas 1921 by Rudolf Steiner and some of the Waldorf teachers. Around forty people responded to her invitation, travelling from England to Dornach, where Rudolf Steiner held the lecture cycle \"Soul Economy \u2013 Body, Soul and Spirit in Waldorf Education\" besides a varied supporting programme. On her return to Britain, Millicent then initiated the educational conference in Stratford-on-Avon in April 1922, was the founder and chairperson of the \"Educational Union\" whose purpose was to bring awareness of Rudolf Steiner's educational ideas into English and American teacher's organisations and directed the organisational group for the summer conference \"Spiritual Values in Education and Social Life\" in August 1922 in Oxford. She organised the public lecture of Rudolf Steiner on education on 30 August 1924 in Essex Hall, London under the auspices of the Educational Union for the Realisation of Spiritual Values and gave the welcoming address. Through her efforts the founders of Steiner-Waldorf education in the United Kingdom were introduced to these ideas and built up the first schools. John Mackenzie, her husband, died in December 1935 in their home in the village of Brockweir near Chepstow in Gloucestershire. She edited his autobiographical notes and published them in 1936. When the Brockweir town hall was built in 1937, she donated the money for the building and called it the Mackenzie Hall in honour of her husband John S Mackenzie. Millicent Mackenzie died on 10 December 1942 in Brockweir. Cardiff University's Mackenzie House in Newport Road is named in honour of her.", "She learnt about Theosophy at the beginning of World War I when a copy of the \"Secret Doctrine\" of H.P. Blavatsky was sent her by persons unknown. As she read it, she felt as if guided by some unseen hand, and studied further works of Annie Besant and other Theosophists. After the war, she was made aware of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s \"Knowledge of the Higher Worlds\". In January 1922 she met Daniel Nicol Dunlop in London for the first time. He was reading a lecture of Rudolf Steiner\u2019s to the anthroposophical group there. A few months later, her husband died of pneumonia, after which she had her first personal conversation with DN Dunlop. Dunlop was still fired up with gratitude over his meeting with Rudolf Steiner some few weeks previously. She thereupon took part in the conference \"Spiritual Values in Education\" in Oxford that August, where she met Rudolf Steiner personally for the first time. She saw him first in a corridor and by his gait and the manner in which he looked at her, she had the impression: \" He knows where he is going.\" She assisted D.N. Dunlop in the preparation of the subsequent Summer School in Penmaenmawr the following year, where a further conversation with Rudolf Steiner took place in which he recommended to her the new techniques in painting that had been developed under his guidance. She was soon exhibiting publicly in London and elsewhere. He also advised her to form as strong a bond as possible with Dunlop. This summer school, devoted to the theme \"The Evolution of Consciousness\" was felt by Steiner to be a milestone in the development of the anthroposophical movement. Eleanor was present at the founding of the new General Anthroposophical Society at the Goetheanum in Dornach, Switzerland around New Year 1923/24."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Rudolf Steiner born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "Hoyos in Geras, northeast Lower Austria to", "answer_start": 108, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "Steiner's father, Johann(es) Steiner (1829 - 1910),", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_552c1b0c8fea4eb38e56561a7d0d9edb_0_q#0", "question": "What were some of Joe Raposo's most well known works other than Sesame Street?", "rewrite": "What were some of Joe Raposo's most well known works other than Sesame Street?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Raposo is best known for the songs he wrote for Sesame Street from its beginning in 1969 through the mid-1970s, and also for a time in the 1980s. He wrote the \"Sesame Street Theme\" - various versions of which have opened every episode - as well as many of its most popular songs, such as \"Bein' Green\", \"C is for Cookie\", \"Sing\" and \"ABC-DEF-GHI\". A version of \"Sing\" recorded by The Carpenters in 1973 reached #3 on the Billboard top singles chart. For many years, most of the music used in Sesame Street's film segments was also written -- and often sung -- by Raposo. Aside from his musical contributions, Raposo performed several uncredited stock characters on Sesame Street during the early 1970s. According to his son Nicholas in a 2002 telephone conversation, Joe Raposo usually chose to portray anonymous, silly characters in these segments, which were nearly always produced on 16 mm film. He also did voice-overs for a few animated segments. The Sesame Street character Don Music maintained a framed and autographed glamour photograph of Raposo on the wall of his Muppet atelier. Raposo was very fond of sweets according to many who knew him. One favorite food of his was cookies. It has been rumored the Wheel-Eating Monster created for commercial advertisers in the 1960s by Jim Henson may have been altered by Henson specifically into a \"cookie\" monster after Henson observed Raposo's unusual propensity for cookies; this has never been substantiated. Raposo was actually the first puppeteer to operate Cookie Monster on television for Sesame Street. His widow Pat Collins-Sarnoff celebrated his life with a milk and cookies reception. One of Raposo's Sesame Street compositions, \"The Square Song\", was used in the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind.", "It was used for the title of the 1990 documentary that eulogized Raposo, \"Sing! Sesame Street Remembers Joe Raposo and His Music\". The song was also used in animated segments. One segment involved Suzie Kabloozie (voiced by Ruth Buzzi) and her cat, Feff. Another involved Cab Callowmouse (parody of Cab Calloway), singing in an art museum as part of a medley. The other one featured a clay/sand animation segment of animals. In 2000, various celebrities sang the song, including, Nathan Lane, Denyce Graves, Gloria Estefan, Patti LaBelle, Ben Stiller, Maya Angelou, Fran Drescher, Garth Brooks, Doug E. Doug, Vanessa Williams, R.E.M., Rosemary Clooney, and Conan O'Brien. A year before the celebrity edition of the song was released, Graves sang the song all by herself with the help of some penguins. The original and subsequent \"Sesame Street\" recordings were released on \"Sesame Street Concert/ On Stage \u2013 Live!\" (1973), \"Sing the Hit Songs of Sesame Street\" (1974), \"Bert & Ernie Sing-Along\" (1975), \"Sesame Street Silver \u2013 10th Anniversary Album\" (1978), \"Sesame Street Disco\" (1979), \"Sing: Songs of Joe Raposo\" (1992), \"Sesame Street Platinum: All Time Favorites\" (1995), \" The Bird Is the Word \u2013 Big Bird's Favorite Songs\", \"Songs from the Street: 35 Years of Music\" (2003), and \"The Best of Elmo\". A Spanish version was included in \"Fiesta Songs!\" (1998).", "Fran Brill, the first female puppeteer for the Muppets, joined the Henson organization in 1970, and originated the character Prairie Dawn. In 1975, Henson created \"The Muppet Show\", which was filmed and produced in London; Henson brought many of the Muppet performers with him, so opportunities opened up for new performers and puppets to appear on \"Sesame Street\". The CTW wanted to attract the best composers and lyricists for \"Sesame Street\", so songwriters like Joe Raposo, the show's music director, and writer Jeff Moss were allowed to retain the rights to the songs they wrote. The writers earned lucrative profits, and the show was able to sustain public interest. Raposo's \"I Love Trash\", written for Oscar the Grouch, was included on the first album of \"Sesame Street\" songs, \"The Sesame Street Book & Record\", recorded in 1970. Moss' \"Rubber Duckie\", sung by Henson for Ernie, remained on the Top-40 Billboard charts for seven weeks that same year. Another Henson song, written by Raposo for Kermit the Frog in 1970, \"Bein' Green\", which Davis called \"Raposo's best-regarded song for \"Sesame Street\"\", was later recorded by Frank Sinatra and Ray Charles. \"Sing\", which became a hit for The Carpenters in 1973, and \"Somebody Come and Play\", were also written by Raposo for \"Sesame Street\". In 1978, Stone and Singer produced and wrote the show's first special, the \"triumphant\" \"Christmas Eve on Sesame Street\", which included an O Henry-inspired storyline in which Bert and Ernie gave up their prized possessions\u2014Ernie his rubber ducky and Bert his paper clip collection\u2014to purchase each other Christmas gifts.", "Music of Sesame Street  Music has been a part of the children's television show \"Sesame Street\" since its debut on PBS in 1969. For the first time, music was used as a teaching tool on a TV program for children; the songs written and performed on the show fulfilled specific purposes and supported its curriculum. The music on \"Sesame Street\" consisted of many styles and genres, but was consistent and recognizable so that it could be reproduced. The producers recorded and released dozens of albums of music; many songs became \"timeless classics\". In order to attract the best composers and lyricists, CTW allowed songwriters to retain the rights to the songs they wrote, which allowed them to earn lucrative profits. \" Sesame Street Book & Record\", recorded in 1970, went gold and won a Grammy. \"Sesame Street's\" songwriters included the show's first music director Joe Raposo, Jeff Moss, and Christopher Cerf, and scriptwriters like Tony Geiss and Norman Stiles. Raposo and his musical team created a huge amount of music for the show, including dozens of unique songs per show. Raposo was inspired by the goals of \"Sesame Street\", especially in the early days of the show's production, and composed hundreds of curriculum-inspired songs. Raposo won three Emmys and four Grammys for his work on the show. The \"Sesame Street Theme\" (also called \"Sunny Day\"), which has been called \"a \"siren song for preschoolers\", was written by Raposo, director Jon Stone, and writer Bruce Hart. Raposo also wrote \"Bein' Green,\" \"Somebody Come and Play\" and \"C is for Cookie\". \"Sing\" became a hit for The Carpenters in 1973.", "Can You Tell Me How to Get to Sesame Street? \"Can You Tell Me How to Get to Sesame Street?\" is the theme song of the children's television series \"Sesame Street\". It is the oldest song in \"Sesame Street's\" history, dating back to the show's very beginning on November 10, 1969. The \"Sesame Street\" theme song was composed by Joe Raposo, a writer and composer of many of television shows' songs. In his book on the history of \"Sesame Street\", Michael Davis called the theme \"jaunty\" and \"deceptively simple\". Raposo wrote the lyrics to the song with Jon Stone and Bruce Hart. Stone considered the song \"a musical masterpiece and a lyrical embarrassment\". Raposo enlisted jazz harmonica player Jean \"Toots\" Thielemans, as well as a mixed choir of children, to record the opening and closing themes. \"Can You Tell Me How to Get to Sesame Street\" has since become a \"siren song for preschoolers\". In the test shows, the theme song lyrics were sung by Bob McGrath. The theme during the test shows was sung in its entirety. For the first 23 seasons of \"Sesame Street\", the theme song in the opening credits and the show's start was untouched, featuring footage of children playing in certain neighborhoods. Sometimes, Big Bird would appear in these intros playing with some of the kids. The first version in the opening credits has the melody played by Thielemans while children sing the lyrics. In each episode's beginning storyline, a slower instrumental version of Thielemans's tune is heard. Beginning in season 24, on November 9, 1992, a newer, and slightly faster version of the theme surfaced."], "answer": {"text": "The Electric Company,", "answer_start": 57}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_552c1b0c8fea4eb38e56561a7d0d9edb_0_q#1", "question": "Did Joe win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Joe Raposo win any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Raposo (bassist)  Joe Raposo (born 1970), of Portuguese descent, is the bassist for the seminal California punk rock band Lagwagon and qa engineer lead at Zynga. He also played bass for a period of time for The Real Mckenzies and Mad Caddies. Additionally, Raposo plays bass for the San Francisco-based fusion group King City, with fellow Lagwagon member Chris Rest as well as filling in on bass for several live shows with the Dwarves. Raposo began his career in 1987 at the age of seventeen by joining California hardcore punk band Rich Kids on LSD as their new bassist and remained with RKL until their hiatus in 1996. In 1995, \"Maximumrocknroll\" called Raposo \"flat out the best bass player in the state of California.\" He began playing shows with RKL again in 2003 (after they had re-formed a year prior) until their current hiatus after the death of lead singer Jason Sears. Raposo joined Lagwagon in 2010, replacing original bassist Jesse Buglione. Raposo also plays bass in the cover band Uke-Hunt and is the bass player for the band A Vulture Wake, which is fronted by Chad Price from the band ALL In 2018 his band A Vulture Wake released there first full length album called \"The Appropriate Level of Outrage\".", "It was used for the title of the 1990 documentary that eulogized Raposo, \"Sing! Sesame Street Remembers Joe Raposo and His Music\". The song was also used in animated segments. One segment involved Suzie Kabloozie (voiced by Ruth Buzzi) and her cat, Feff. Another involved Cab Callowmouse (parody of Cab Calloway), singing in an art museum as part of a medley. The other one featured a clay/sand animation segment of animals. In 2000, various celebrities sang the song, including, Nathan Lane, Denyce Graves, Gloria Estefan, Patti LaBelle, Ben Stiller, Maya Angelou, Fran Drescher, Garth Brooks, Doug E. Doug, Vanessa Williams, R.E.M., Rosemary Clooney, and Conan O'Brien. A year before the celebrity edition of the song was released, Graves sang the song all by herself with the help of some penguins. The original and subsequent \"Sesame Street\" recordings were released on \"Sesame Street Concert/ On Stage \u2013 Live!\" (1973), \"Sing the Hit Songs of Sesame Street\" (1974), \"Bert & Ernie Sing-Along\" (1975), \"Sesame Street Silver \u2013 10th Anniversary Album\" (1978), \"Sesame Street Disco\" (1979), \"Sing: Songs of Joe Raposo\" (1992), \"Sesame Street Platinum: All Time Favorites\" (1995), \" The Bird Is the Word \u2013 Big Bird's Favorite Songs\", \"Songs from the Street: 35 Years of Music\" (2003), and \"The Best of Elmo\". A Spanish version was included in \"Fiesta Songs!\" (1998).", "There Used to Be a Ballpark \"There Used to Be a Ballpark\" is a song written by Joe Raposo and recorded by Frank Sinatra for Sinatra's 1973 album, \"Ol\u2019 Blue Eyes Is Back\". The song expresses sadness at the loss of a baseball team and its ballpark, which once gave its fans and players joy, along with other childhood delights such as \"rock candy and a great big Fourth of July\". A key phrase in the song is \"Now the children try to find it / And they can't believe their eyes / For the old team just isn't playing / And the new team hardly tries.\" The song has often been cited by books and websites that discuss old-time baseball. It is typically assumed to be about Ebbets Field and the Brooklyn Dodgers, even though composer Joe Raposo once told Larry King the song was about the Polo Grounds, which had been the home of the New York Giants until 1957 and which had been the home of the New York Mets in 1962 through 1964 (who, ironically, won the National League pennant in 1973), which explains why the lyrics refer to two different baseball teams: \"Cause the old team just isn't playing And the new team hardly tries. \" In his Joe Raposo Songbook writes that he went to Brooklyn with Pete Hamil to gather material for a Barbra Streisand TV special. First stop - Ebbets Field housing project with sign \"No Ball Playing Allowed. The song can also be seen as a metaphor for any kind of loss, as suggested by the next-to-last line in the song, which is not necessarily connected with baseball: \" And the sky has got so cloudy, when it used to be so clear... \" It was used in the HBO documentary \"\".", "Joe Raposo played bass guitar on two album releases by The Real McKenzies; their 2005 album \"10,000 Shots\", and their 2008 album \"Off the Leash\". He has also played with the Dwarves. In an interview with fasterlouder.com.au Joey Cape, lead singer of Lagwagon, stated that Joe Raposo is Lagwagon's new bassist. In a June 2011 interview with ExploreMusic however, Joey Cape said that things didn't work out with Raposo, and the band is testing a new bassist. After first announcing Patrick Solem as the new bass player in August 2011, Lagwagon decided that Raposo will remain a member after all in October 2011. , Raposo also works for Zynga as the quality assurance lead for their casual social city-building simulation game CityVille. Vocalist Jason Sears contributed lyrics and vocals for a song called \"Until Next Time\" on Snot's album entitled \"Strait Up\" in tribute to their late lead singer Lynn Strait. It was released on November 7, 2000. The album also features appearances by the lead vocalists of a number of major rock groups. Lynn Strait was a long-time friend of the band and his name can be viewed in the liner notes \"Special Thanks\" section of RKL's 1987 album \"Rock N Roll Nightmare\". Jason Sears recorded an album with the San Diego-based band Mercury Legion originally released with the title \"Jason Sears and Mercury Legion: It Happened on a Friday Night - The Original Soundtrack Album\" on Dolphin Records. It was then repackaged and re-released as a self-titled effort; simply \"Jason Sears & Mercury Legion\" on Malt Soda Recordings. RKL was profoundly influential on the punk rock scene.", "Raposo is best known for the songs he wrote for Sesame Street from its beginning in 1969 through the mid-1970s, and also for a time in the 1980s. He wrote the \"Sesame Street Theme\" - various versions of which have opened every episode - as well as many of its most popular songs, such as \"Bein' Green\", \"C is for Cookie\", \"Sing\" and \"ABC-DEF-GHI\". A version of \"Sing\" recorded by The Carpenters in 1973 reached #3 on the Billboard top singles chart. For many years, most of the music used in Sesame Street's film segments was also written -- and often sung -- by Raposo. Aside from his musical contributions, Raposo performed several uncredited stock characters on Sesame Street during the early 1970s. According to his son Nicholas in a 2002 telephone conversation, Joe Raposo usually chose to portray anonymous, silly characters in these segments, which were nearly always produced on 16 mm film. He also did voice-overs for a few animated segments. The Sesame Street character Don Music maintained a framed and autographed glamour photograph of Raposo on the wall of his Muppet atelier. Raposo was very fond of sweets according to many who knew him. One favorite food of his was cookies. It has been rumored the Wheel-Eating Monster created for commercial advertisers in the 1960s by Jim Henson may have been altered by Henson specifically into a \"cookie\" monster after Henson observed Raposo's unusual propensity for cookies; this has never been substantiated. Raposo was actually the first puppeteer to operate Cookie Monster on television for Sesame Street. His widow Pat Collins-Sarnoff celebrated his life with a milk and cookies reception. One of Raposo's Sesame Street compositions, \"The Square Song\", was used in the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Joe Raposo's most well known works other than Sesame Street?", "answer": {"text": "The Electric Company,", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_552c1b0c8fea4eb38e56561a7d0d9edb_0_q#2", "question": "What was the most intriguing think you read about Joe?", "rewrite": "What was the most intriguing think you read about Joe Raposo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Raposo played bass guitar on two album releases by The Real McKenzies; their 2005 album \"10,000 Shots\", and their 2008 album \"Off the Leash\". He has also played with the Dwarves. In an interview with fasterlouder.com.au Joey Cape, lead singer of Lagwagon, stated that Joe Raposo is Lagwagon's new bassist. In a June 2011 interview with ExploreMusic however, Joey Cape said that things didn't work out with Raposo, and the band is testing a new bassist. After first announcing Patrick Solem as the new bass player in August 2011, Lagwagon decided that Raposo will remain a member after all in October 2011. , Raposo also works for Zynga as the quality assurance lead for their casual social city-building simulation game CityVille. Vocalist Jason Sears contributed lyrics and vocals for a song called \"Until Next Time\" on Snot's album entitled \"Strait Up\" in tribute to their late lead singer Lynn Strait. It was released on November 7, 2000. The album also features appearances by the lead vocalists of a number of major rock groups. Lynn Strait was a long-time friend of the band and his name can be viewed in the liner notes \"Special Thanks\" section of RKL's 1987 album \"Rock N Roll Nightmare\". Jason Sears recorded an album with the San Diego-based band Mercury Legion originally released with the title \"Jason Sears and Mercury Legion: It Happened on a Friday Night - The Original Soundtrack Album\" on Dolphin Records. It was then repackaged and re-released as a self-titled effort; simply \"Jason Sears & Mercury Legion\" on Malt Soda Recordings. RKL was profoundly influential on the punk rock scene.", "There Used to Be a Ballpark \"There Used to Be a Ballpark\" is a song written by Joe Raposo and recorded by Frank Sinatra for Sinatra's 1973 album, \"Ol\u2019 Blue Eyes Is Back\". The song expresses sadness at the loss of a baseball team and its ballpark, which once gave its fans and players joy, along with other childhood delights such as \"rock candy and a great big Fourth of July\". A key phrase in the song is \"Now the children try to find it / And they can't believe their eyes / For the old team just isn't playing / And the new team hardly tries.\" The song has often been cited by books and websites that discuss old-time baseball. It is typically assumed to be about Ebbets Field and the Brooklyn Dodgers, even though composer Joe Raposo once told Larry King the song was about the Polo Grounds, which had been the home of the New York Giants until 1957 and which had been the home of the New York Mets in 1962 through 1964 (who, ironically, won the National League pennant in 1973), which explains why the lyrics refer to two different baseball teams: \"Cause the old team just isn't playing And the new team hardly tries. \" In his Joe Raposo Songbook writes that he went to Brooklyn with Pete Hamil to gather material for a Barbra Streisand TV special. First stop - Ebbets Field housing project with sign \"No Ball Playing Allowed. The song can also be seen as a metaphor for any kind of loss, as suggested by the next-to-last line in the song, which is not necessarily connected with baseball: \" And the sky has got so cloudy, when it used to be so clear... \" It was used in the HBO documentary \"\".", "It was used for the title of the 1990 documentary that eulogized Raposo, \"Sing! Sesame Street Remembers Joe Raposo and His Music\". The song was also used in animated segments. One segment involved Suzie Kabloozie (voiced by Ruth Buzzi) and her cat, Feff. Another involved Cab Callowmouse (parody of Cab Calloway), singing in an art museum as part of a medley. The other one featured a clay/sand animation segment of animals. In 2000, various celebrities sang the song, including, Nathan Lane, Denyce Graves, Gloria Estefan, Patti LaBelle, Ben Stiller, Maya Angelou, Fran Drescher, Garth Brooks, Doug E. Doug, Vanessa Williams, R.E.M., Rosemary Clooney, and Conan O'Brien. A year before the celebrity edition of the song was released, Graves sang the song all by herself with the help of some penguins. The original and subsequent \"Sesame Street\" recordings were released on \"Sesame Street Concert/ On Stage \u2013 Live!\" (1973), \"Sing the Hit Songs of Sesame Street\" (1974), \"Bert & Ernie Sing-Along\" (1975), \"Sesame Street Silver \u2013 10th Anniversary Album\" (1978), \"Sesame Street Disco\" (1979), \"Sing: Songs of Joe Raposo\" (1992), \"Sesame Street Platinum: All Time Favorites\" (1995), \" The Bird Is the Word \u2013 Big Bird's Favorite Songs\", \"Songs from the Street: 35 Years of Music\" (2003), and \"The Best of Elmo\". A Spanish version was included in \"Fiesta Songs!\" (1998).", "Joe Raposo (bassist)  Joe Raposo (born 1970), of Portuguese descent, is the bassist for the seminal California punk rock band Lagwagon and qa engineer lead at Zynga. He also played bass for a period of time for The Real Mckenzies and Mad Caddies. Additionally, Raposo plays bass for the San Francisco-based fusion group King City, with fellow Lagwagon member Chris Rest as well as filling in on bass for several live shows with the Dwarves. Raposo began his career in 1987 at the age of seventeen by joining California hardcore punk band Rich Kids on LSD as their new bassist and remained with RKL until their hiatus in 1996. In 1995, \"Maximumrocknroll\" called Raposo \"flat out the best bass player in the state of California.\" He began playing shows with RKL again in 2003 (after they had re-formed a year prior) until their current hiatus after the death of lead singer Jason Sears. Raposo joined Lagwagon in 2010, replacing original bassist Jesse Buglione. Raposo also plays bass in the cover band Uke-Hunt and is the bass player for the band A Vulture Wake, which is fronted by Chad Price from the band ALL In 2018 his band A Vulture Wake released there first full length album called \"The Appropriate Level of Outrage\".", "Raposo is best known for the songs he wrote for Sesame Street from its beginning in 1969 through the mid-1970s, and also for a time in the 1980s. He wrote the \"Sesame Street Theme\" - various versions of which have opened every episode - as well as many of its most popular songs, such as \"Bein' Green\", \"C is for Cookie\", \"Sing\" and \"ABC-DEF-GHI\". A version of \"Sing\" recorded by The Carpenters in 1973 reached #3 on the Billboard top singles chart. For many years, most of the music used in Sesame Street's film segments was also written -- and often sung -- by Raposo. Aside from his musical contributions, Raposo performed several uncredited stock characters on Sesame Street during the early 1970s. According to his son Nicholas in a 2002 telephone conversation, Joe Raposo usually chose to portray anonymous, silly characters in these segments, which were nearly always produced on 16 mm film. He also did voice-overs for a few animated segments. The Sesame Street character Don Music maintained a framed and autographed glamour photograph of Raposo on the wall of his Muppet atelier. Raposo was very fond of sweets according to many who knew him. One favorite food of his was cookies. It has been rumored the Wheel-Eating Monster created for commercial advertisers in the 1960s by Jim Henson may have been altered by Henson specifically into a \"cookie\" monster after Henson observed Raposo's unusual propensity for cookies; this has never been substantiated. Raposo was actually the first puppeteer to operate Cookie Monster on television for Sesame Street. His widow Pat Collins-Sarnoff celebrated his life with a milk and cookies reception. One of Raposo's Sesame Street compositions, \"The Square Song\", was used in the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind."], "answer": {"text": "Raposo performed joke characters for film segments on The Electric Company similar in style to what he had done on Sesame Street.", "answer_start": 291}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Joe Raposo's most well known works other than Sesame Street?", "answer": {"text": "The Electric Company,", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joe win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_552c1b0c8fea4eb38e56561a7d0d9edb_0_q#3", "question": "Did he play any certain character on the Electric Company?", "rewrite": "Did Joe Raposo play any certain character on the Electric Company?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Joe Raposo played bass guitar on two album releases by The Real McKenzies; their 2005 album \"10,000 Shots\", and their 2008 album \"Off the Leash\". He has also played with the Dwarves. In an interview with fasterlouder.com.au Joey Cape, lead singer of Lagwagon, stated that Joe Raposo is Lagwagon's new bassist. In a June 2011 interview with ExploreMusic however, Joey Cape said that things didn't work out with Raposo, and the band is testing a new bassist. After first announcing Patrick Solem as the new bass player in August 2011, Lagwagon decided that Raposo will remain a member after all in October 2011. , Raposo also works for Zynga as the quality assurance lead for their casual social city-building simulation game CityVille. Vocalist Jason Sears contributed lyrics and vocals for a song called \"Until Next Time\" on Snot's album entitled \"Strait Up\" in tribute to their late lead singer Lynn Strait. It was released on November 7, 2000. The album also features appearances by the lead vocalists of a number of major rock groups. Lynn Strait was a long-time friend of the band and his name can be viewed in the liner notes \"Special Thanks\" section of RKL's 1987 album \"Rock N Roll Nightmare\". Jason Sears recorded an album with the San Diego-based band Mercury Legion originally released with the title \"Jason Sears and Mercury Legion: It Happened on a Friday Night - The Original Soundtrack Album\" on Dolphin Records. It was then repackaged and re-released as a self-titled effort; simply \"Jason Sears & Mercury Legion\" on Malt Soda Recordings. RKL was profoundly influential on the punk rock scene.", "Joe Raposo (bassist)  Joe Raposo (born 1970), of Portuguese descent, is the bassist for the seminal California punk rock band Lagwagon and qa engineer lead at Zynga. He also played bass for a period of time for The Real Mckenzies and Mad Caddies. Additionally, Raposo plays bass for the San Francisco-based fusion group King City, with fellow Lagwagon member Chris Rest as well as filling in on bass for several live shows with the Dwarves. Raposo began his career in 1987 at the age of seventeen by joining California hardcore punk band Rich Kids on LSD as their new bassist and remained with RKL until their hiatus in 1996. In 1995, \"Maximumrocknroll\" called Raposo \"flat out the best bass player in the state of California.\" He began playing shows with RKL again in 2003 (after they had re-formed a year prior) until their current hiatus after the death of lead singer Jason Sears. Raposo joined Lagwagon in 2010, replacing original bassist Jesse Buglione. Raposo also plays bass in the cover band Uke-Hunt and is the bass player for the band A Vulture Wake, which is fronted by Chad Price from the band ALL In 2018 his band A Vulture Wake released there first full length album called \"The Appropriate Level of Outrage\".", "The final track \"Rubber Duckie\", written by Jeff Moss, was released as a single, appeared on the United States' \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and was nominated for a Grammy. The Boston Pops performed with the show's cast in a television special that aired in 1971. \"Sesame Street's\" songwriters included the show's first music director Joe Raposo, Jeff Moss, who Davis called a \"gifted poet, composer, and lyricist\", and Christopher Cerf, who Gikow called \"the go-to guy on \"Sesame Street\" for classic rock and roll as well as song spoofs\". Scriptwriters like Tony Geiss, who wrote approximately 150 songs for the show, and Norman Stiles often also wrote their own lyrics to accompany their scripts. Raposo was brought to \"Sesame Street\" by producer Tom Whedon, who was his friend and college roommate, and by Stone, who had worked with Raposo on other productions. Stone found Raposo's music brilliant, melodic, and sophisticated, yet simple enough for children to recognize and sing. According to writer Michael Davis, \"Sesame Street's\" signature sound grew out of sessions with a seven-piece band consisting of a keyboardist, drummer, electric bass player, guitarist, trumpeter, a winds instrumentalist, and a percussionist. One of these musicians was drummer Danny Epstein, who became the show's music coordinator in 1970 and performed for the show since its inception. Stone reported that a typical recording session with Raposo, which would often last three days, was \"an on-the-fly, off-the-cuff experience\". Raposo and his musical team created a huge amount of music in order to accompany 130 episodes a year, which often included dozens of unique songs per show.", "Raposo is best known for the songs he wrote for Sesame Street from its beginning in 1969 through the mid-1970s, and also for a time in the 1980s. He wrote the \"Sesame Street Theme\" - various versions of which have opened every episode - as well as many of its most popular songs, such as \"Bein' Green\", \"C is for Cookie\", \"Sing\" and \"ABC-DEF-GHI\". A version of \"Sing\" recorded by The Carpenters in 1973 reached #3 on the Billboard top singles chart. For many years, most of the music used in Sesame Street's film segments was also written -- and often sung -- by Raposo. Aside from his musical contributions, Raposo performed several uncredited stock characters on Sesame Street during the early 1970s. According to his son Nicholas in a 2002 telephone conversation, Joe Raposo usually chose to portray anonymous, silly characters in these segments, which were nearly always produced on 16 mm film. He also did voice-overs for a few animated segments. The Sesame Street character Don Music maintained a framed and autographed glamour photograph of Raposo on the wall of his Muppet atelier. Raposo was very fond of sweets according to many who knew him. One favorite food of his was cookies. It has been rumored the Wheel-Eating Monster created for commercial advertisers in the 1960s by Jim Henson may have been altered by Henson specifically into a \"cookie\" monster after Henson observed Raposo's unusual propensity for cookies; this has never been substantiated. Raposo was actually the first puppeteer to operate Cookie Monster on television for Sesame Street. His widow Pat Collins-Sarnoff celebrated his life with a milk and cookies reception. One of Raposo's Sesame Street compositions, \"The Square Song\", was used in the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind.", "There Used to Be a Ballpark \"There Used to Be a Ballpark\" is a song written by Joe Raposo and recorded by Frank Sinatra for Sinatra's 1973 album, \"Ol\u2019 Blue Eyes Is Back\". The song expresses sadness at the loss of a baseball team and its ballpark, which once gave its fans and players joy, along with other childhood delights such as \"rock candy and a great big Fourth of July\". A key phrase in the song is \"Now the children try to find it / And they can't believe their eyes / For the old team just isn't playing / And the new team hardly tries.\" The song has often been cited by books and websites that discuss old-time baseball. It is typically assumed to be about Ebbets Field and the Brooklyn Dodgers, even though composer Joe Raposo once told Larry King the song was about the Polo Grounds, which had been the home of the New York Giants until 1957 and which had been the home of the New York Mets in 1962 through 1964 (who, ironically, won the National League pennant in 1973), which explains why the lyrics refer to two different baseball teams: \"Cause the old team just isn't playing And the new team hardly tries. \" In his Joe Raposo Songbook writes that he went to Brooklyn with Pete Hamil to gather material for a Barbra Streisand TV special. First stop - Ebbets Field housing project with sign \"No Ball Playing Allowed. The song can also be seen as a metaphor for any kind of loss, as suggested by the next-to-last line in the song, which is not necessarily connected with baseball: \" And the sky has got so cloudy, when it used to be so clear... \" It was used in the HBO documentary \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "Raposo served as the musical director of the show for its first three seasons,", "answer_start": 151}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Joe Raposo's most well known works other than Sesame Street?", "answer": {"text": "The Electric Company,", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joe win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the most intriguing think you read about Joe?", "answer": {"text": "Raposo performed joke characters for film segments on The Electric Company similar in style to what he had done on Sesame Street.", "answer_start": 291, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_552c1b0c8fea4eb38e56561a7d0d9edb_0_q#4", "question": "Did he work with any famous people on the show?", "rewrite": "Did Joe Raposo work with any famous people on the Electric Company show?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Joe Raposo played bass guitar on two album releases by The Real McKenzies; their 2005 album \"10,000 Shots\", and their 2008 album \"Off the Leash\". He has also played with the Dwarves. In an interview with fasterlouder.com.au Joey Cape, lead singer of Lagwagon, stated that Joe Raposo is Lagwagon's new bassist. In a June 2011 interview with ExploreMusic however, Joey Cape said that things didn't work out with Raposo, and the band is testing a new bassist. After first announcing Patrick Solem as the new bass player in August 2011, Lagwagon decided that Raposo will remain a member after all in October 2011. , Raposo also works for Zynga as the quality assurance lead for their casual social city-building simulation game CityVille. Vocalist Jason Sears contributed lyrics and vocals for a song called \"Until Next Time\" on Snot's album entitled \"Strait Up\" in tribute to their late lead singer Lynn Strait. It was released on November 7, 2000. The album also features appearances by the lead vocalists of a number of major rock groups. Lynn Strait was a long-time friend of the band and his name can be viewed in the liner notes \"Special Thanks\" section of RKL's 1987 album \"Rock N Roll Nightmare\". Jason Sears recorded an album with the San Diego-based band Mercury Legion originally released with the title \"Jason Sears and Mercury Legion: It Happened on a Friday Night - The Original Soundtrack Album\" on Dolphin Records. It was then repackaged and re-released as a self-titled effort; simply \"Jason Sears & Mercury Legion\" on Malt Soda Recordings. RKL was profoundly influential on the punk rock scene.", "The final track \"Rubber Duckie\", written by Jeff Moss, was released as a single, appeared on the United States' \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, and was nominated for a Grammy. The Boston Pops performed with the show's cast in a television special that aired in 1971. \"Sesame Street's\" songwriters included the show's first music director Joe Raposo, Jeff Moss, who Davis called a \"gifted poet, composer, and lyricist\", and Christopher Cerf, who Gikow called \"the go-to guy on \"Sesame Street\" for classic rock and roll as well as song spoofs\". Scriptwriters like Tony Geiss, who wrote approximately 150 songs for the show, and Norman Stiles often also wrote their own lyrics to accompany their scripts. Raposo was brought to \"Sesame Street\" by producer Tom Whedon, who was his friend and college roommate, and by Stone, who had worked with Raposo on other productions. Stone found Raposo's music brilliant, melodic, and sophisticated, yet simple enough for children to recognize and sing. According to writer Michael Davis, \"Sesame Street's\" signature sound grew out of sessions with a seven-piece band consisting of a keyboardist, drummer, electric bass player, guitarist, trumpeter, a winds instrumentalist, and a percussionist. One of these musicians was drummer Danny Epstein, who became the show's music coordinator in 1970 and performed for the show since its inception. Stone reported that a typical recording session with Raposo, which would often last three days, was \"an on-the-fly, off-the-cuff experience\". Raposo and his musical team created a huge amount of music in order to accompany 130 episodes a year, which often included dozens of unique songs per show.", "Joe Raposo (bassist)  Joe Raposo (born 1970), of Portuguese descent, is the bassist for the seminal California punk rock band Lagwagon and qa engineer lead at Zynga. He also played bass for a period of time for The Real Mckenzies and Mad Caddies. Additionally, Raposo plays bass for the San Francisco-based fusion group King City, with fellow Lagwagon member Chris Rest as well as filling in on bass for several live shows with the Dwarves. Raposo began his career in 1987 at the age of seventeen by joining California hardcore punk band Rich Kids on LSD as their new bassist and remained with RKL until their hiatus in 1996. In 1995, \"Maximumrocknroll\" called Raposo \"flat out the best bass player in the state of California.\" He began playing shows with RKL again in 2003 (after they had re-formed a year prior) until their current hiatus after the death of lead singer Jason Sears. Raposo joined Lagwagon in 2010, replacing original bassist Jesse Buglione. Raposo also plays bass in the cover band Uke-Hunt and is the bass player for the band A Vulture Wake, which is fronted by Chad Price from the band ALL In 2018 his band A Vulture Wake released there first full length album called \"The Appropriate Level of Outrage\".", "Raposo is best known for the songs he wrote for Sesame Street from its beginning in 1969 through the mid-1970s, and also for a time in the 1980s. He wrote the \"Sesame Street Theme\" - various versions of which have opened every episode - as well as many of its most popular songs, such as \"Bein' Green\", \"C is for Cookie\", \"Sing\" and \"ABC-DEF-GHI\". A version of \"Sing\" recorded by The Carpenters in 1973 reached #3 on the Billboard top singles chart. For many years, most of the music used in Sesame Street's film segments was also written -- and often sung -- by Raposo. Aside from his musical contributions, Raposo performed several uncredited stock characters on Sesame Street during the early 1970s. According to his son Nicholas in a 2002 telephone conversation, Joe Raposo usually chose to portray anonymous, silly characters in these segments, which were nearly always produced on 16 mm film. He also did voice-overs for a few animated segments. The Sesame Street character Don Music maintained a framed and autographed glamour photograph of Raposo on the wall of his Muppet atelier. Raposo was very fond of sweets according to many who knew him. One favorite food of his was cookies. It has been rumored the Wheel-Eating Monster created for commercial advertisers in the 1960s by Jim Henson may have been altered by Henson specifically into a \"cookie\" monster after Henson observed Raposo's unusual propensity for cookies; this has never been substantiated. Raposo was actually the first puppeteer to operate Cookie Monster on television for Sesame Street. His widow Pat Collins-Sarnoff celebrated his life with a milk and cookies reception. One of Raposo's Sesame Street compositions, \"The Square Song\", was used in the film Close Encounters of the Third Kind.", "There Used to Be a Ballpark \"There Used to Be a Ballpark\" is a song written by Joe Raposo and recorded by Frank Sinatra for Sinatra's 1973 album, \"Ol\u2019 Blue Eyes Is Back\". The song expresses sadness at the loss of a baseball team and its ballpark, which once gave its fans and players joy, along with other childhood delights such as \"rock candy and a great big Fourth of July\". A key phrase in the song is \"Now the children try to find it / And they can't believe their eyes / For the old team just isn't playing / And the new team hardly tries.\" The song has often been cited by books and websites that discuss old-time baseball. It is typically assumed to be about Ebbets Field and the Brooklyn Dodgers, even though composer Joe Raposo once told Larry King the song was about the Polo Grounds, which had been the home of the New York Giants until 1957 and which had been the home of the New York Mets in 1962 through 1964 (who, ironically, won the National League pennant in 1973), which explains why the lyrics refer to two different baseball teams: \"Cause the old team just isn't playing And the new team hardly tries. \" In his Joe Raposo Songbook writes that he went to Brooklyn with Pete Hamil to gather material for a Barbra Streisand TV special. First stop - Ebbets Field housing project with sign \"No Ball Playing Allowed. The song can also be seen as a metaphor for any kind of loss, as suggested by the next-to-last line in the song, which is not necessarily connected with baseball: \" And the sky has got so cloudy, when it used to be so clear... \" It was used in the HBO documentary \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were some of Joe Raposo's most well known works other than Sesame Street?", "answer": {"text": "The Electric Company,", "answer_start": 57, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Joe win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the most intriguing think you read about Joe?", "answer": {"text": "Raposo performed joke characters for film segments on The Electric Company similar in style to what he had done on Sesame Street.", "answer_start": 291, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play any certain character on the Electric Company?", "answer": {"text": "Raposo served as the musical director of the show for its first three seasons,", "answer_start": 151, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ca1d85aa8cc48a3bfbc1d35adf1fb25_0_q#0", "question": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "rewrite": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? Who is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him?) is a documentary about the American musician Harry Nilsson that premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival in 2006. It was released to theatres in September 2010 and on DVD in October that year.<ref name=\"Slate/Examiner\"> Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).</ref > The film's release had been long-awaited, such that friends of Nilsson began referring to it as \"The Long and Winding Road\". The film's producers eschewed the device of including present-day commentary from music critics or historians as a means of establishing Nilsson's legacy. Instead, David Leaf and John Scheinfeld interviewed close to three dozen of Nilsson's friends, colleagues and extended family, who all shared their memories of Harry Nilsson, his music, and how it affected them. This footage was put together in a documentary that follows Nilsson from childhood to his death in 1994, at the age of 52, recording the highs and lows of his life, from Grammy wins through divorce and substance abuse. Among the interviewees are Perry Botkin, Jr., Micky Dolenz, Terry Gilliam, Mark Hudson, Eric Idle, Ray Cooper, Al Kooper, Randy Newman, Yoko Ono, May Pang, Van Dyke Parks, Richard Perry, Jimmy Webb, Paul Williams, Robin Williams, Brian Wilson and The Smothers Brothers. Also included are interviews with Nilsson's wives and children. Discussing the film in 2011, Scheinfeld agreed that one of the most notable absences was any input from Ringo Starr.", "Sandman (album) Sandman is the twelfth album by Harry Nilsson. All music and lyrics by Harry Nilsson, except where noted. Many people think they recognize one of the main voices in Harry Nilsson's The Flying Saucer Song as Joe Cocker. But the voices are all Nilsson using three distinct voice inflections. The gruff background vocals, however, are provided by Joe Cocker, whose coarse delivery is similar to Nilsson's. \"I don't think there's that much of a similarity,\" says Harry, \"It's just that we both can occasionally muster up a brandy tone. We're whiskey-throated tenors. The Orson Welles type of guy from Citizen Kane.\" The Flying Saucer Song was written for, and originally recorded, during the \"Pussy Cats\" sessions but was not released until \"Sandman\".", "The RCA Albums Collection (Harry Nilsson box set) The RCA Albums Collection is a 17-disc compilation album dedicated to American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson. It was released in July 2013 by Legacy Recordings. The album includes 14 of Nilsson's solo albums from the 1960s and 1970s and three CDs worth of unreleased session recordings. Assembled by Andrew Sandoval and Rob Santos the set includes 11 of Nilsson's albums remastered by Vic Anesini. The three albums not remastered for this set were mastered by Anesini and include \"The Point\", \"Nilsson Schmilsson\" and \"Son of Schmilsson\". The set includes each album in mini-cardboard replicas of the original vinyl packaging. Nilsson's first two albums include both mono and stereo mixes of the respective tracks with the mono tracks receiving their first CD release. Missing from this set are the albums \"Son of Dracula\" (as, with the exception of the song \"Daybreak\" and the snippets of dialogue, all its tracks had previously been released on other albums or singles), the instrumental portion of the soundtrack \"Skidoo\", \"Flash Harry\" and the soundtrack to the film \"Popeye\" (both of which had been released on different labels). The boxed set includes a booklet with brief comments on each album, full credits and rare pictures.", "Son of Dracula (1974 film) Son of Dracula is a British musical film directed by Freddie Francis and starring Harry Nilsson and Ringo Starr. It was produced by Starr and released in 1974 by Apple Films. It is also the title of a Harry Nilsson album released in conjunction with the movie. \"Son of Dracula\" was made during a period when Starr, in between occasional single releases and session work, was concentrating on film-making and acting. Two movies in which he had starred, \"200 Motels\" and \"Blindman\", had been released at the end of 1971, and before starting on this one, he had just finished work on his directorial debut, the T. Rex documentary \"Born to Boogie\". As well as producing \"Son of Dracula\", Starr would appear as Merlin the Magician, who follows the birth and rise of young Count Downe, played by Nilsson. Starr and he were longtime friends, and the ex-Beatle had recently played drums on Nilsson's 1972 album \"Son of Schmilsson\", which had spoofed horror movie motifs. A few months after those sessions, in August 1972, Starr decided to make a rock and roll Dracula movie (originally titled \"Count Downe\"), and invited Nilsson to come on board. At first, Nilsson thought the whole idea must have come from his recent album; as it turned out, Starr had not followed its release, and until then-wife Maureen brought him a copy , he did not even know that \"Son of Schmilsson\" had already used a similar theme. After the killing of his father (Count Dracula, the King of the Netherworld), by a mysterious assassin, Count Downe (Harry Nilsson) is summoned from his travels abroad by family advisor Merlin (Ringo Starr) in order to prepare him to take over the throne.", "In 1990, he was a founding member and guitarist for the psychedelic group Sun and performed on the Sunset Strip, headlining clubs such as The Whisky-a-Go-Go, The Roxy and Coconut Teaszer. He collaborated in 1992 with \u201cThe King of Surf Guitar\u201d Dick Dale and illustrated the children\u2019s book titled \u201cDick Dale\u2019s Tale of a Whale.\u201d In 2008, McHatton published Grass Stained Twilight, a book of songs, illustrations and poems. The album Grass Stained Twilight followed in 2009. He also released a holiday-themed downloadable EP titled \u201cChristmas Songs\u201d in 2009 that featured the track, \u201cA Christmas Song for Harry Nilsson\u201d which spawned an underground following of Harry Nilsson fans. In 2010, Sundays at the Rocket Park was released. The Dallas Morning News compared McHatton to the likes of Harry Nilsson, Weezer, Electric Light Orchestra, Paul McCartney, Stone Temple Pilots, and \"I Am the Walrus\"-era Beatles, among others, and wrote that he \u201ccreates his own unique brand of driving, swirling, and super catchy pop music full of imaginative characters.\u201d In 2011, he released the album Galactic Champions of Joy and received critical acclaim with the release of the track \u201cI Think I\u2019m a Bunny.\u201d The song features his daughter, Hazel, and his puppet, Marvy Monstone. Out With the Kids wrote, \u201cMusically speaking, the songs on Galactic Champions of Joy unabashedly wear their master's Harry Nilsson/Beatles/impeccably crafted psychedelic pop influences on their sleeves.\u201d The video for the song, \" I Think I'm a Bunny\" on YouTube has over 230,000 views."], "answer": {"text": "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1ca1d85aa8cc48a3bfbc1d35adf1fb25_0_q#1", "question": "What happened with the film?", "rewrite": "What happened with the film about Harry Nilsson?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Sandman (album) Sandman is the twelfth album by Harry Nilsson. All music and lyrics by Harry Nilsson, except where noted. Many people think they recognize one of the main voices in Harry Nilsson's The Flying Saucer Song as Joe Cocker. But the voices are all Nilsson using three distinct voice inflections. The gruff background vocals, however, are provided by Joe Cocker, whose coarse delivery is similar to Nilsson's. \"I don't think there's that much of a similarity,\" says Harry, \"It's just that we both can occasionally muster up a brandy tone. We're whiskey-throated tenors. The Orson Welles type of guy from Citizen Kane.\" The Flying Saucer Song was written for, and originally recorded, during the \"Pussy Cats\" sessions but was not released until \"Sandman\".", "In 1990, he was a founding member and guitarist for the psychedelic group Sun and performed on the Sunset Strip, headlining clubs such as The Whisky-a-Go-Go, The Roxy and Coconut Teaszer. He collaborated in 1992 with \u201cThe King of Surf Guitar\u201d Dick Dale and illustrated the children\u2019s book titled \u201cDick Dale\u2019s Tale of a Whale.\u201d In 2008, McHatton published Grass Stained Twilight, a book of songs, illustrations and poems. The album Grass Stained Twilight followed in 2009. He also released a holiday-themed downloadable EP titled \u201cChristmas Songs\u201d in 2009 that featured the track, \u201cA Christmas Song for Harry Nilsson\u201d which spawned an underground following of Harry Nilsson fans. In 2010, Sundays at the Rocket Park was released. The Dallas Morning News compared McHatton to the likes of Harry Nilsson, Weezer, Electric Light Orchestra, Paul McCartney, Stone Temple Pilots, and \"I Am the Walrus\"-era Beatles, among others, and wrote that he \u201ccreates his own unique brand of driving, swirling, and super catchy pop music full of imaginative characters.\u201d In 2011, he released the album Galactic Champions of Joy and received critical acclaim with the release of the track \u201cI Think I\u2019m a Bunny.\u201d The song features his daughter, Hazel, and his puppet, Marvy Monstone. Out With the Kids wrote, \u201cMusically speaking, the songs on Galactic Champions of Joy unabashedly wear their master's Harry Nilsson/Beatles/impeccably crafted psychedelic pop influences on their sleeves.\u201d The video for the song, \" I Think I'm a Bunny\" on YouTube has over 230,000 views.", "Son of Dracula (1974 film) Son of Dracula is a British musical film directed by Freddie Francis and starring Harry Nilsson and Ringo Starr. It was produced by Starr and released in 1974 by Apple Films. It is also the title of a Harry Nilsson album released in conjunction with the movie. \"Son of Dracula\" was made during a period when Starr, in between occasional single releases and session work, was concentrating on film-making and acting. Two movies in which he had starred, \"200 Motels\" and \"Blindman\", had been released at the end of 1971, and before starting on this one, he had just finished work on his directorial debut, the T. Rex documentary \"Born to Boogie\". As well as producing \"Son of Dracula\", Starr would appear as Merlin the Magician, who follows the birth and rise of young Count Downe, played by Nilsson. Starr and he were longtime friends, and the ex-Beatle had recently played drums on Nilsson's 1972 album \"Son of Schmilsson\", which had spoofed horror movie motifs. A few months after those sessions, in August 1972, Starr decided to make a rock and roll Dracula movie (originally titled \"Count Downe\"), and invited Nilsson to come on board. At first, Nilsson thought the whole idea must have come from his recent album; as it turned out, Starr had not followed its release, and until then-wife Maureen brought him a copy , he did not even know that \"Son of Schmilsson\" had already used a similar theme. After the killing of his father (Count Dracula, the King of the Netherworld), by a mysterious assassin, Count Downe (Harry Nilsson) is summoned from his travels abroad by family advisor Merlin (Ringo Starr) in order to prepare him to take over the throne.", "All for the Beatles \"All for the Beatles\" is a song written and released in 1964 by Harry Nilsson and John Marascalco. It was released as a single with the alternative title \"Stand Up and Holler\" under Nilsson's pseudonym Foto-Fi Four and was packaged with a synchronized standard 8 mm film of The Beatles first arriving in the United States in 1964. The rhythm of \"All for the Beatles\" is similar to that of \"Not Fade Away\", a Buddy Holly cover by The Rolling Stones, which was also based on Bo Diddley's song \"Bo Diddley\". The song, which preceded the later friendship and collaboration of Nilsson with The Beatles, was not a commercial success, but the single became a sought-after collectible. A cover version was later released as \"All for the Beatles (Stand Up and Holler)\" by The Originals. The young Harry Nilsson recorded several songs by songwriter John Marascalco at a demo session for Scott Turner in 1962. He recorded and co-authored several songs with him; these were released as singles under Nilsson's pseudonym Bo Pete. The Beatles came first to the USA in February 1964 to promote their upcoming tour by appearing on the \"Ed Sullivan Show\", as well as performing two concerts in Carnegie Hall and at the Washington Coliseum. Their arrival at the airport, some subsequent press conferences, and their concerts were filmed. Nilsson and Marascalco jumped on the Beatlemania bandwagon and took advantage of the Beatles' tour in August 1964 as a context within which to release their own song. The four-part vocals were recorded by Nilsson through multitracking. An additional track added the harmonizing screams of backing vocalists, which were, according to Nilsson's biographer Alyn Shipton, probably from Beach Girls, a girl group that had supported the Bo Pete record \" Baa Baa Blacksheep\".", "Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? Who is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him?) is a documentary about the American musician Harry Nilsson that premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival in 2006. It was released to theatres in September 2010 and on DVD in October that year.<ref name=\"Slate/Examiner\"> Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).</ref > The film's release had been long-awaited, such that friends of Nilsson began referring to it as \"The Long and Winding Road\". The film's producers eschewed the device of including present-day commentary from music critics or historians as a means of establishing Nilsson's legacy. Instead, David Leaf and John Scheinfeld interviewed close to three dozen of Nilsson's friends, colleagues and extended family, who all shared their memories of Harry Nilsson, his music, and how it affected them. This footage was put together in a documentary that follows Nilsson from childhood to his death in 1994, at the age of 52, recording the highs and lows of his life, from Grammy wins through divorce and substance abuse. Among the interviewees are Perry Botkin, Jr., Micky Dolenz, Terry Gilliam, Mark Hudson, Eric Idle, Ray Cooper, Al Kooper, Randy Newman, Yoko Ono, May Pang, Van Dyke Parks, Richard Perry, Jimmy Webb, Paul Williams, Robin Williams, Brian Wilson and The Smothers Brothers. Also included are interviews with Nilsson's wives and children. Discussing the film in 2011, Scheinfeld agreed that one of the most notable absences was any input from Ringo Starr."], "answer": {"text": "The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 153}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "answer": {"text": "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ca1d85aa8cc48a3bfbc1d35adf1fb25_0_q#2", "question": "When did it go to theaters?", "rewrite": "When did \"Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)?\" go to theaters?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? Who is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him?) is a documentary about the American musician Harry Nilsson that premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival in 2006. It was released to theatres in September 2010 and on DVD in October that year.<ref name=\"Slate/Examiner\"> Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).</ref > The film's release had been long-awaited, such that friends of Nilsson began referring to it as \"The Long and Winding Road\". The film's producers eschewed the device of including present-day commentary from music critics or historians as a means of establishing Nilsson's legacy. Instead, David Leaf and John Scheinfeld interviewed close to three dozen of Nilsson's friends, colleagues and extended family, who all shared their memories of Harry Nilsson, his music, and how it affected them. This footage was put together in a documentary that follows Nilsson from childhood to his death in 1994, at the age of 52, recording the highs and lows of his life, from Grammy wins through divorce and substance abuse. Among the interviewees are Perry Botkin, Jr., Micky Dolenz, Terry Gilliam, Mark Hudson, Eric Idle, Ray Cooper, Al Kooper, Randy Newman, Yoko Ono, May Pang, Van Dyke Parks, Richard Perry, Jimmy Webb, Paul Williams, Robin Williams, Brian Wilson and The Smothers Brothers. Also included are interviews with Nilsson's wives and children. Discussing the film in 2011, Scheinfeld agreed that one of the most notable absences was any input from Ringo Starr.", "Five years later, Neil permanently fulfilled the promise of the speaker in the song, rejecting fame to live the rest of his life in relative obscurity \"where the sun keeps shining / thru' the pouring rain\" in his home in Coconut Grove, Miami. Harry Nilsson was searching for a potentially successful song when Rick Jarrard played the track for him, and he decided to release it on his 1968 album \"Aerial Ballet\". When released as a single in July 1968, it managed to reach only No. 113 on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart. After the song was featured as the theme song in the film \"Midnight Cowboy\" in 1969, the song was re-released as a single and became a hit, peaking at No. 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" Easy Listening chart. When Derek Taylor recommended Nilsson for the \"Midnight Cowboy\" soundtrack to director John Schlesinger, Schlesinger selected \"Everybody's Talkin, preferring the cover to the song Nilsson proposed, \"I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City\". The song was used as the theme song for the movie and became closely identified with it; Nilsson's cover is also known as \"Everybody's Talkin' (Theme from \"Midnight Cowboy\")\". William J. Mann, in his biography of Schlesinger, noted that \"one cannot imagine \"Midnight Cowboy\" now without 'Everybody's Talkin'\". Described in \"The Rock Snob*s Dictionary\" as an \"anti-urban plaint\", \"Everybody's Talkin depicts the introverted speaker's inability to connect with others. Not hearing or truly seeing them, the speaker declares an intention to leave for the ocean and the summer breeze.", "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld. The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival. In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival followed by a panel discussion about Nilsson featuring the filmmakers and two friends of Nilsson, producer Richard Perry and attorney/executive producer Lee Blackman. The filmmakers re-edited the film with rare found footage of Nilsson, further interviews, and family photographs, and finally released it on September 17, 2010 at selected theaters in the United States. A DVD, including additional footage not in the theatrical release, was released on October 26, 2010. Nilsson's final album, tentatively titled Papa's Got a Brown New Robe (produced by Mark Hudson) was not released, though several demos from the album were available on promotional CDs and online. The musical Everyday Rapture features three songs by Nilsson and, similarly, the film A Good Year features \"Gotta get up\", \"Jump into the fire\" and \"How can I be sure of you\". On July 29, 2013, Sony Music released a definitive box-set of his RCA era albums called The RCA Albums Collection. Each of the albums in the 17-CD set had additional bonus tracks, along with 3 of the 17 discs that contained rarities and outtakes spanning his entire career. Additionally, several weeks later on August 13, Flash Harry was finally issued on CD also featuring additional material. Completing the two CD releases, the first book written about Nilsson was published covering his life story.", "They used the title \"All for the Beatles (Stand Up and Holler)\". The song was released with \"Will You Come Back My Love?\" as the B-side. In 1965, Marascalco adapted the rhythm and melody of \"All for the Beatles\" for the song \"Mary Mary\", which was recorded by the Doo Wop group The Electras with a new bridge and lyrics. For the release of the song through Marascalco's own labels Lola Records and Ruby-Doo Records the Electras members Gary Pipkin, Chester Pipkin and Brice Coefield were listed as songwriters in place of Nilsson and Marascalco. Neither the original nor the cover version of \"All for the Beatles\" charted. Alyn Shipton writes that the song \"in itself [was] not particularly remarkable, but it [was] a harbinger for Nilsson's subsequent love of all things Beatles\". The single and the film it was released with have become collectible items, for which prices of more than US$200 were paid in 2006. Shipton wrote that it was ironic that \"All for the Beatles\" approached Beatlemania by adapting a Rolling Stones hit. \"Borrowing unashamedly from it was calculated to put everyone who heard it in mind of the 'British Invasion'. \" Nilsson sang \"in an Americanized approximation of John Lennon,\" but the main guitar solo was very similar to that of Keith Richards. Shipton concludes that the song is the first real example of Nilsson's preference for overdubbing, which he perfected during his career, to take-up with the close harmony of The Beatles. The filmmaker John Scheinfeld used the song 2006 in his documentary \"Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin\u2019 About Him)? \", when The Beatles were first mentioned.", "In his 2011 review of the DVD in his \"New York Times\" column, Dave Kehr framed the film as the product of Preminger being \"politically aligned with the kids... but culturally bound to the grownups\", which \"allows his ambivalence to fester into an across-the-board caricature... The result is a finely controlled mess, one of the most uncomfortably evocative films of its time.\" Less than two months after \"Skidoo's\" December 19, 1968 release, the February 15, 1969 episode of Hugh Hefner's syndicated talk-variety series, \"Playboy After Dark\", featured, among other guests in a group setting, Otto Preminger (wearing a Nehru jacket), Nilsson (performing music and songs from \"Skidoo\") and Carol Channing. Clips from the episode were included in the 2006 documentary, \"Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)?\" The movie received some belated attention in the late 1970s when it was screened at San Francisco's Roxie Cinema and in the 1980s when seen on cable TV. New York City's Museum of Modern Art periodically exhibits a 35mm print, and it also screened at the USA Film Festival in Dallas in 1997 and had a Los Angeles showing in 2007 at the American Cinematheque. On January 4\u20135 and July 11\u201312, 2008, paired with another counterculture-themed feature, 1967's \"The Love-Ins\", \"Skidoo\" was seen as an installment of Turner Classic Movies' Friday night\u2013Saturday morning \"TCM Underground\" series. Each film features a brief appearance by then-famous/notorious chain-smoking, \"tough-guy\" syndicated TV talk show host Joe Pyne, who died of lung cancer in March 1970 at age 45."], "answer": {"text": "In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival", "answer_start": 277}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "answer": {"text": "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the film?", "answer": {"text": "The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ca1d85aa8cc48a3bfbc1d35adf1fb25_0_q#3", "question": "What happened next?", "rewrite": "What happened after the film received its Los Angeles premiere?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Los Angeles premiere of the play will be produced and staged by Artists at Play in the Fall of 2013. The Los Angeles premiere from Artists at Play was directed by Peter Kuo, and starred Feodor Chin as Chester, West Liang as Travis Park, Julia Cho as Veronica Lee and Daniel Vincent Gordh as Del (the last two cast members also being from the Emmy Award-winning webseries \"The Lizzie Bennet Diaries\"). The play has also been produced in Minneapolis (by Mu Performing Arts), Seattle (by SiS Productions), San Francisco (by the Asian American Theater Company), San Diego, California (by Mo\u2019olelo), and Dallas, Texas. \" Cowboy Versus Samurai\" was also selected by the Tribeca Film Institute for its All Access Open Stage Program, and is available in print in Smith and Kraus\u2019s \"New Playwrights: The Best Plays of 2006\" and \"The Best Stage Scenes of 2006\". Golamco's play about Cambodian Americans growing up in Long Beach, \"Year Zero\" (2009) , ran at the Second Stage Theater in New York City, Victory Gardens Theater in Chicago, and at the Colony Theater in Burbank, Los Angeles. \" Year Zero\" also was a Grand Prize winner of the Chicago Dramatists' Many Voices Project, and was nominated for a Jeff award in the \"Best New Work\" category. In New York, the originating cast starred Mason Lee (son of director Ang Lee) as Vuthy, and David Huynh played Vuthy and Tim Chiou played Han when the production went to LA's Colony Theater (with Chiou also playing the role of Han in the Chicago production at the Victory Gardens Theater). Golamco's most recent play, \"Build\" (2012) premiered at the Geffen Playhouse in Los Angeles during October to November 2012.", "\"The Road to Mecca\", \"After the Fall\", the West Coast premiere of \"String of Pearls\", \"Sweet Nothing in my Ear\" (Fountain Theatre, Victory Gardens Theatre in Chicago, Mixed Blood Theatre in Minneapolis), the LA premiere of Steven Dietz\u2019s \"Lonely Planet\" (starring Philip Anglim), \"The Seagull\" (starring Salome Jens, Philip Baker Hall and Bud Cort), the celebrated 20th Anniversary production of \"The Boys in the Band\", the west coast premiere of Rommulus Linney\u2019s \"Unchanging Love\", and many others. In February 2007 Sachs directed the world premiere of his own new adaptation of Strindberg\u2019s \"Miss Julie\" at the Fountain in Los Angeles. The production was named \u201cCritics\u2019 Choice\u201d in the Los Angeles Times. Sachs was chosen by playwright Athol Fugard as one of the few directors in the United States to premiere his new plays. The collaboration between Fugard and Sachs goes back to when Sachs directed the Los Angeles premiere of Fugard\u2019s \"The Road to Mecca\" in 2000. In 2004, Mr. Sachs was the first person, apart from the playwright, selected to direct the world premiere of a new play by Athol Fugard. Sachs directed the world premiere of Fugard\u2019s \"Exits and Entrances\" in Los Angeles (3 LA Ovation Awards including Best World Premiere of a New Play and Best Director, 5 LA Drama Critics Circle Awards including Best Production and Best Director). He directed acclaimed regional productions of the play around the country. And he directed the Off-Broadway production at Primary Stages in New York in 2007(New York Outer Critics\u2019 Circle Award nomination for Outstanding New Off-Broadway Play, selected as \"Ten Best\" Productions of 2006/2007 by New York Theatre Writers).", "Rory O'Malley Rory James O'Malley (born December 23, 1980) is an American actor, best known for his Tony Award-nominated performance as Elder McKinley in \"The Book of Mormon\". He is a co-founder of the gay rights activist group \"Broadway Impact\". O'Malley was featured in the Dustin Lance Black play, \"'8'\", on Broadway as Ryan Kendall and in the Los Angeles premiere as Dr. Gregory M. Herek \u2014 witnesses in the federal case that overturned California's Proposition 8. O'Malley ended his run on January 16, 2017, performing the role of King George III on the national tour of \"Hamilton\", following his nine-month tenure in the role in the show's Broadway company at the Richard Rodgers Theatre. O'Malley was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and was brought up by his single mother, who is of Irish ancestry. He grew up Catholic. He graduated from Saint Ignatius High School in Cleveland, Ohio and Carnegie Mellon University. O'Malley became friends with Josh Gad and Leslie Odom, Jr. at Carnegie Mellon University and remains good friends with them. O'Malley made a small cameo appearance in \" On the Run\" in 2004. His best known screen appearance was in the 2007 film adaptation of \"Dreamgirls\". O'Malley also performed the song \"Cadillac Car\" on the soundtrack, \"\". In 2018, he became a series regular on Lifetime's \"American Princess\". O'Malley starred as Charlie Brown in the 2004 Falcon Theatre production of \"Snoopy! The Musical\", which ran from June 24 to July 18, 2004, in Los Angeles. He also starred as \"Richie Cunningham\" in the 2006 Los Angeles premiere of \"Happy Days\", as well as the 2007 Goodspeed Opera House production.", "In June 2015 he produced the World Premiere of Stephen Sachs' stage adaptation of Claudia Rankine's \"\" for The Fountain Theatre, named Critic's Choice in the Los Angeles Times, and extended twice by popular demand. In January 2015 he directed the Los Angeles Premiere of Zayd Dorhn's \"Reborning\" for The Fountain Theatre, named by the Huffington Post as the #1 Top Ten Los Angeles Theater Productions of 2015. In October 2014 he produced the West Coast Premiere of John Biguenet's \"Broomstick\" for The Fountain Theatre, winner of numerous awards. In June 2014 he produced the Los Angeles Premiere of Tarell Alvin McCraney's The Brothers Size for The Fountain Theatre, named by the L.A. Weekly as one of the Top Ten Theatre Productions of 2015. In September 2013 he directed the Los Angeles Revival of \"The Normal Heart\" for The Fountain Theatre, winner of the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Awards Best Production (Revival), among numerous other awards. In 2013 he produced the West Coast Premiere of Ken LaZebnik's \"On the Spectrum\" at The Fountain Theatre. In 2012 he directed the award-winning and critically acclaimed World Premiere of Stephen Sachs' \"Cyrano\", a co-production of The Fountain Theatre and Deaf West Theatre. In 2011 he was the producer for the World Premiere of Stephen Sachs' \"Bakersfield Mist\", which was optioned by Sonia Friedman for a West End production. Currently working on two new plays.", "Tower Theatre (Los Angeles) The Tower Theatre, at 802 S. Broadway, is a historic movie theater that opened in 1927 in the Broadway Theater District of Downtown Los Angeles. The Tower Theatre, at South Broadway and West Eighth Street, was commissioned by H.L. Gumbiner. He would also build the Los Angeles Theatre in 1931. The Tower was the first theater designed by architect S. Charles Lee. Seating 900 on a tiny site (50 feet wide by 153 feet long), replacing the 650-seat 1911 Garrick Theatre, it was designed in powerful Baroque Revival style with innovative French, Spanish, Moorish, and Italian elements all executed in terra-cotta. Its interior was modeled after the Paris Opera House. Its exterior features a prominent clock tower, the very top of which was removed after an earthquake. The Tower was the first film house in Los Angeles to be wired for talking pictures, and it was the location of the sneak preview and Los Angeles premiere of Warner Bros.' revolutionary part-talking \"The Jazz Singer\" (1927), starring Al Jolson. It was the first theater in Los Angeles to be air conditioned. It opened in 1927 with the silent film \"The Gingham Girl\" starring Lois Wilson and George K. Arthur. For a while during the early 1950s, the name was changed to the Newsreel Theater. The Tower Theatre's exterior and/or interior can be seen in the following films and TV series: The Tower Theatre has been declared a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument, HCM #450, by the Office of Historic Resources, Department of City Planning, City of Los Angeles. As with many other historic theaters in Downtown Los Angeles, though largely intact, the theater was abandoned for many years because of migration of cinema attendance to Hollywood Boulevard and other Los Angeles locations."], "answer": {"text": "The filmmakers re-edited the film with rare found footage of Nilsson, further interviews, and family photographs, and finally released it on September 17, 2010", "answer_start": 571}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "answer": {"text": "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the film?", "answer": {"text": "The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did it go to theaters?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ca1d85aa8cc48a3bfbc1d35adf1fb25_0_q#4", "question": "Did it go to the theaters?", "rewrite": "Did \"Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)?\" go to the theaters?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They used the title \"All for the Beatles (Stand Up and Holler)\". The song was released with \"Will You Come Back My Love?\" as the B-side. In 1965, Marascalco adapted the rhythm and melody of \"All for the Beatles\" for the song \"Mary Mary\", which was recorded by the Doo Wop group The Electras with a new bridge and lyrics. For the release of the song through Marascalco's own labels Lola Records and Ruby-Doo Records the Electras members Gary Pipkin, Chester Pipkin and Brice Coefield were listed as songwriters in place of Nilsson and Marascalco. Neither the original nor the cover version of \"All for the Beatles\" charted. Alyn Shipton writes that the song \"in itself [was] not particularly remarkable, but it [was] a harbinger for Nilsson's subsequent love of all things Beatles\". The single and the film it was released with have become collectible items, for which prices of more than US$200 were paid in 2006. Shipton wrote that it was ironic that \"All for the Beatles\" approached Beatlemania by adapting a Rolling Stones hit. \"Borrowing unashamedly from it was calculated to put everyone who heard it in mind of the 'British Invasion'. \" Nilsson sang \"in an Americanized approximation of John Lennon,\" but the main guitar solo was very similar to that of Keith Richards. Shipton concludes that the song is the first real example of Nilsson's preference for overdubbing, which he perfected during his career, to take-up with the close harmony of The Beatles. The filmmaker John Scheinfeld used the song 2006 in his documentary \"Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin\u2019 About Him)? \", when The Beatles were first mentioned.", "Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? Who is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him?) is a documentary about the American musician Harry Nilsson that premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival in 2006. It was released to theatres in September 2010 and on DVD in October that year.<ref name=\"Slate/Examiner\"> Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).</ref > The film's release had been long-awaited, such that friends of Nilsson began referring to it as \"The Long and Winding Road\". The film's producers eschewed the device of including present-day commentary from music critics or historians as a means of establishing Nilsson's legacy. Instead, David Leaf and John Scheinfeld interviewed close to three dozen of Nilsson's friends, colleagues and extended family, who all shared their memories of Harry Nilsson, his music, and how it affected them. This footage was put together in a documentary that follows Nilsson from childhood to his death in 1994, at the age of 52, recording the highs and lows of his life, from Grammy wins through divorce and substance abuse. Among the interviewees are Perry Botkin, Jr., Micky Dolenz, Terry Gilliam, Mark Hudson, Eric Idle, Ray Cooper, Al Kooper, Randy Newman, Yoko Ono, May Pang, Van Dyke Parks, Richard Perry, Jimmy Webb, Paul Williams, Robin Williams, Brian Wilson and The Smothers Brothers. Also included are interviews with Nilsson's wives and children. Discussing the film in 2011, Scheinfeld agreed that one of the most notable absences was any input from Ringo Starr.", "In his 2011 review of the DVD in his \"New York Times\" column, Dave Kehr framed the film as the product of Preminger being \"politically aligned with the kids... but culturally bound to the grownups\", which \"allows his ambivalence to fester into an across-the-board caricature... The result is a finely controlled mess, one of the most uncomfortably evocative films of its time.\" Less than two months after \"Skidoo's\" December 19, 1968 release, the February 15, 1969 episode of Hugh Hefner's syndicated talk-variety series, \"Playboy After Dark\", featured, among other guests in a group setting, Otto Preminger (wearing a Nehru jacket), Nilsson (performing music and songs from \"Skidoo\") and Carol Channing. Clips from the episode were included in the 2006 documentary, \"Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)?\" The movie received some belated attention in the late 1970s when it was screened at San Francisco's Roxie Cinema and in the 1980s when seen on cable TV. New York City's Museum of Modern Art periodically exhibits a 35mm print, and it also screened at the USA Film Festival in Dallas in 1997 and had a Los Angeles showing in 2007 at the American Cinematheque. On January 4\u20135 and July 11\u201312, 2008, paired with another counterculture-themed feature, 1967's \"The Love-Ins\", \"Skidoo\" was seen as an installment of Turner Classic Movies' Friday night\u2013Saturday morning \"TCM Underground\" series. Each film features a brief appearance by then-famous/notorious chain-smoking, \"tough-guy\" syndicated TV talk show host Joe Pyne, who died of lung cancer in March 1970 at age 45.", "Five years later, Neil permanently fulfilled the promise of the speaker in the song, rejecting fame to live the rest of his life in relative obscurity \"where the sun keeps shining / thru' the pouring rain\" in his home in Coconut Grove, Miami. Harry Nilsson was searching for a potentially successful song when Rick Jarrard played the track for him, and he decided to release it on his 1968 album \"Aerial Ballet\". When released as a single in July 1968, it managed to reach only No. 113 on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart. After the song was featured as the theme song in the film \"Midnight Cowboy\" in 1969, the song was re-released as a single and became a hit, peaking at No. 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and No. 2 on the \"Billboard\" Easy Listening chart. When Derek Taylor recommended Nilsson for the \"Midnight Cowboy\" soundtrack to director John Schlesinger, Schlesinger selected \"Everybody's Talkin, preferring the cover to the song Nilsson proposed, \"I Guess the Lord Must Be in New York City\". The song was used as the theme song for the movie and became closely identified with it; Nilsson's cover is also known as \"Everybody's Talkin' (Theme from \"Midnight Cowboy\")\". William J. Mann, in his biography of Schlesinger, noted that \"one cannot imagine \"Midnight Cowboy\" now without 'Everybody's Talkin'\". Described in \"The Rock Snob*s Dictionary\" as an \"anti-urban plaint\", \"Everybody's Talkin depicts the introverted speaker's inability to connect with others. Not hearing or truly seeing them, the speaker declares an intention to leave for the ocean and the summer breeze.", "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld. The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival. In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival followed by a panel discussion about Nilsson featuring the filmmakers and two friends of Nilsson, producer Richard Perry and attorney/executive producer Lee Blackman. The filmmakers re-edited the film with rare found footage of Nilsson, further interviews, and family photographs, and finally released it on September 17, 2010 at selected theaters in the United States. A DVD, including additional footage not in the theatrical release, was released on October 26, 2010. Nilsson's final album, tentatively titled Papa's Got a Brown New Robe (produced by Mark Hudson) was not released, though several demos from the album were available on promotional CDs and online. The musical Everyday Rapture features three songs by Nilsson and, similarly, the film A Good Year features \"Gotta get up\", \"Jump into the fire\" and \"How can I be sure of you\". On July 29, 2013, Sony Music released a definitive box-set of his RCA era albums called The RCA Albums Collection. Each of the albums in the 17-CD set had additional bonus tracks, along with 3 of the 17 discs that contained rarities and outtakes spanning his entire career. Additionally, several weeks later on August 13, Flash Harry was finally issued on CD also featuring additional material. Completing the two CD releases, the first book written about Nilsson was published covering his life story."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "answer": {"text": "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the film?", "answer": {"text": "The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did it go to theaters?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "The filmmakers re-edited the film with rare found footage of Nilsson, further interviews, and family photographs, and finally released it on September 17, 2010", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ca1d85aa8cc48a3bfbc1d35adf1fb25_0_q#5", "question": "Did he release any more albums?", "rewrite": "Did Harry Nilsson release any more albums?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? Who is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him?) is a documentary about the American musician Harry Nilsson that premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival in 2006. It was released to theatres in September 2010 and on DVD in October that year.<ref name=\"Slate/Examiner\"> Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).</ref > The film's release had been long-awaited, such that friends of Nilsson began referring to it as \"The Long and Winding Road\". The film's producers eschewed the device of including present-day commentary from music critics or historians as a means of establishing Nilsson's legacy. Instead, David Leaf and John Scheinfeld interviewed close to three dozen of Nilsson's friends, colleagues and extended family, who all shared their memories of Harry Nilsson, his music, and how it affected them. This footage was put together in a documentary that follows Nilsson from childhood to his death in 1994, at the age of 52, recording the highs and lows of his life, from Grammy wins through divorce and substance abuse. Among the interviewees are Perry Botkin, Jr., Micky Dolenz, Terry Gilliam, Mark Hudson, Eric Idle, Ray Cooper, Al Kooper, Randy Newman, Yoko Ono, May Pang, Van Dyke Parks, Richard Perry, Jimmy Webb, Paul Williams, Robin Williams, Brian Wilson and The Smothers Brothers. Also included are interviews with Nilsson's wives and children. Discussing the film in 2011, Scheinfeld agreed that one of the most notable absences was any input from Ringo Starr.", "The RCA Albums Collection (Harry Nilsson box set) The RCA Albums Collection is a 17-disc compilation album dedicated to American singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson. It was released in July 2013 by Legacy Recordings. The album includes 14 of Nilsson's solo albums from the 1960s and 1970s and three CDs worth of unreleased session recordings. Assembled by Andrew Sandoval and Rob Santos the set includes 11 of Nilsson's albums remastered by Vic Anesini. The three albums not remastered for this set were mastered by Anesini and include \"The Point\", \"Nilsson Schmilsson\" and \"Son of Schmilsson\". The set includes each album in mini-cardboard replicas of the original vinyl packaging. Nilsson's first two albums include both mono and stereo mixes of the respective tracks with the mono tracks receiving their first CD release. Missing from this set are the albums \"Son of Dracula\" (as, with the exception of the song \"Daybreak\" and the snippets of dialogue, all its tracks had previously been released on other albums or singles), the instrumental portion of the soundtrack \"Skidoo\", \"Flash Harry\" and the soundtrack to the film \"Popeye\" (both of which had been released on different labels). The boxed set includes a booklet with brief comments on each album, full credits and rare pictures.", "Son of Dracula (1974 film) Son of Dracula is a British musical film directed by Freddie Francis and starring Harry Nilsson and Ringo Starr. It was produced by Starr and released in 1974 by Apple Films. It is also the title of a Harry Nilsson album released in conjunction with the movie. \"Son of Dracula\" was made during a period when Starr, in between occasional single releases and session work, was concentrating on film-making and acting. Two movies in which he had starred, \"200 Motels\" and \"Blindman\", had been released at the end of 1971, and before starting on this one, he had just finished work on his directorial debut, the T. Rex documentary \"Born to Boogie\". As well as producing \"Son of Dracula\", Starr would appear as Merlin the Magician, who follows the birth and rise of young Count Downe, played by Nilsson. Starr and he were longtime friends, and the ex-Beatle had recently played drums on Nilsson's 1972 album \"Son of Schmilsson\", which had spoofed horror movie motifs. A few months after those sessions, in August 1972, Starr decided to make a rock and roll Dracula movie (originally titled \"Count Downe\"), and invited Nilsson to come on board. At first, Nilsson thought the whole idea must have come from his recent album; as it turned out, Starr had not followed its release, and until then-wife Maureen brought him a copy , he did not even know that \"Son of Schmilsson\" had already used a similar theme. After the killing of his father (Count Dracula, the King of the Netherworld), by a mysterious assassin, Count Downe (Harry Nilsson) is summoned from his travels abroad by family advisor Merlin (Ringo Starr) in order to prepare him to take over the throne.", "South London Demons The South London Demons are an Australian Rules Football team who play in the Social League of the British Australian Rules Football League. They are the third grade side of the club The Wandsworth Demons based at Clapham Common in south London. The team was formed in 2007 due to playing numbers at the club warranting the extra capacity for players. The South London Demons were one of the founding members of the division, with third sides from the big clubs in London, the seconds of Wimbledon, and teams from further afield such as Bristol, Reading, and Nottingham. It has since been joined by South East London Giants, while Bristol and Nottingham have pulled out. The South London Demons won the inaugural flag and has gone on to win another four. The team played wearing a St Kilda strip for several matches before changing to the Wandsworth Demons kit later in the season.", "In 1990, he was a founding member and guitarist for the psychedelic group Sun and performed on the Sunset Strip, headlining clubs such as The Whisky-a-Go-Go, The Roxy and Coconut Teaszer. He collaborated in 1992 with \u201cThe King of Surf Guitar\u201d Dick Dale and illustrated the children\u2019s book titled \u201cDick Dale\u2019s Tale of a Whale.\u201d In 2008, McHatton published Grass Stained Twilight, a book of songs, illustrations and poems. The album Grass Stained Twilight followed in 2009. He also released a holiday-themed downloadable EP titled \u201cChristmas Songs\u201d in 2009 that featured the track, \u201cA Christmas Song for Harry Nilsson\u201d which spawned an underground following of Harry Nilsson fans. In 2010, Sundays at the Rocket Park was released. The Dallas Morning News compared McHatton to the likes of Harry Nilsson, Weezer, Electric Light Orchestra, Paul McCartney, Stone Temple Pilots, and \"I Am the Walrus\"-era Beatles, among others, and wrote that he \u201ccreates his own unique brand of driving, swirling, and super catchy pop music full of imaginative characters.\u201d In 2011, he released the album Galactic Champions of Joy and received critical acclaim with the release of the track \u201cI Think I\u2019m a Bunny.\u201d The song features his daughter, Hazel, and his puppet, Marvy Monstone. Out With the Kids wrote, \u201cMusically speaking, the songs on Galactic Champions of Joy unabashedly wear their master's Harry Nilsson/Beatles/impeccably crafted psychedelic pop influences on their sleeves.\u201d The video for the song, \" I Think I'm a Bunny\" on YouTube has over 230,000 views."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "answer": {"text": "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the film?", "answer": {"text": "The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did it go to theaters?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "The filmmakers re-edited the film with rare found footage of Nilsson, further interviews, and family photographs, and finally released it on September 17, 2010", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it go to the theaters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1ca1d85aa8cc48a3bfbc1d35adf1fb25_0_q#6", "question": "Did they release anything else?", "rewrite": "In addition to 2013, did Sony Music release anything else by Harry Nilsson?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Son of Dracula (1974 film) Son of Dracula is a British musical film directed by Freddie Francis and starring Harry Nilsson and Ringo Starr. It was produced by Starr and released in 1974 by Apple Films. It is also the title of a Harry Nilsson album released in conjunction with the movie. \"Son of Dracula\" was made during a period when Starr, in between occasional single releases and session work, was concentrating on film-making and acting. Two movies in which he had starred, \"200 Motels\" and \"Blindman\", had been released at the end of 1971, and before starting on this one, he had just finished work on his directorial debut, the T. Rex documentary \"Born to Boogie\". As well as producing \"Son of Dracula\", Starr would appear as Merlin the Magician, who follows the birth and rise of young Count Downe, played by Nilsson. Starr and he were longtime friends, and the ex-Beatle had recently played drums on Nilsson's 1972 album \"Son of Schmilsson\", which had spoofed horror movie motifs. A few months after those sessions, in August 1972, Starr decided to make a rock and roll Dracula movie (originally titled \"Count Downe\"), and invited Nilsson to come on board. At first, Nilsson thought the whole idea must have come from his recent album; as it turned out, Starr had not followed its release, and until then-wife Maureen brought him a copy , he did not even know that \"Son of Schmilsson\" had already used a similar theme. After the killing of his father (Count Dracula, the King of the Netherworld), by a mysterious assassin, Count Downe (Harry Nilsson) is summoned from his travels abroad by family advisor Merlin (Ringo Starr) in order to prepare him to take over the throne.", "Sandman (album) Sandman is the twelfth album by Harry Nilsson. All music and lyrics by Harry Nilsson, except where noted. Many people think they recognize one of the main voices in Harry Nilsson's The Flying Saucer Song as Joe Cocker. But the voices are all Nilsson using three distinct voice inflections. The gruff background vocals, however, are provided by Joe Cocker, whose coarse delivery is similar to Nilsson's. \"I don't think there's that much of a similarity,\" says Harry, \"It's just that we both can occasionally muster up a brandy tone. We're whiskey-throated tenors. The Orson Welles type of guy from Citizen Kane.\" The Flying Saucer Song was written for, and originally recorded, during the \"Pussy Cats\" sessions but was not released until \"Sandman\".", "In 1990, he was a founding member and guitarist for the psychedelic group Sun and performed on the Sunset Strip, headlining clubs such as The Whisky-a-Go-Go, The Roxy and Coconut Teaszer. He collaborated in 1992 with \u201cThe King of Surf Guitar\u201d Dick Dale and illustrated the children\u2019s book titled \u201cDick Dale\u2019s Tale of a Whale.\u201d In 2008, McHatton published Grass Stained Twilight, a book of songs, illustrations and poems. The album Grass Stained Twilight followed in 2009. He also released a holiday-themed downloadable EP titled \u201cChristmas Songs\u201d in 2009 that featured the track, \u201cA Christmas Song for Harry Nilsson\u201d which spawned an underground following of Harry Nilsson fans. In 2010, Sundays at the Rocket Park was released. The Dallas Morning News compared McHatton to the likes of Harry Nilsson, Weezer, Electric Light Orchestra, Paul McCartney, Stone Temple Pilots, and \"I Am the Walrus\"-era Beatles, among others, and wrote that he \u201ccreates his own unique brand of driving, swirling, and super catchy pop music full of imaginative characters.\u201d In 2011, he released the album Galactic Champions of Joy and received critical acclaim with the release of the track \u201cI Think I\u2019m a Bunny.\u201d The song features his daughter, Hazel, and his puppet, Marvy Monstone. Out With the Kids wrote, \u201cMusically speaking, the songs on Galactic Champions of Joy unabashedly wear their master's Harry Nilsson/Beatles/impeccably crafted psychedelic pop influences on their sleeves.\u201d The video for the song, \" I Think I'm a Bunny\" on YouTube has over 230,000 views.", "Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? Who is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him?) is a documentary about the American musician Harry Nilsson that premiered at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival in 2006. It was released to theatres in September 2010 and on DVD in October that year.<ref name=\"Slate/Examiner\"> Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).</ref > The film's release had been long-awaited, such that friends of Nilsson began referring to it as \"The Long and Winding Road\". The film's producers eschewed the device of including present-day commentary from music critics or historians as a means of establishing Nilsson's legacy. Instead, David Leaf and John Scheinfeld interviewed close to three dozen of Nilsson's friends, colleagues and extended family, who all shared their memories of Harry Nilsson, his music, and how it affected them. This footage was put together in a documentary that follows Nilsson from childhood to his death in 1994, at the age of 52, recording the highs and lows of his life, from Grammy wins through divorce and substance abuse. Among the interviewees are Perry Botkin, Jr., Micky Dolenz, Terry Gilliam, Mark Hudson, Eric Idle, Ray Cooper, Al Kooper, Randy Newman, Yoko Ono, May Pang, Van Dyke Parks, Richard Perry, Jimmy Webb, Paul Williams, Robin Williams, Brian Wilson and The Smothers Brothers. Also included are interviews with Nilsson's wives and children. Discussing the film in 2011, Scheinfeld agreed that one of the most notable absences was any input from Ringo Starr.", "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld. The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival. In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival followed by a panel discussion about Nilsson featuring the filmmakers and two friends of Nilsson, producer Richard Perry and attorney/executive producer Lee Blackman. The filmmakers re-edited the film with rare found footage of Nilsson, further interviews, and family photographs, and finally released it on September 17, 2010 at selected theaters in the United States. A DVD, including additional footage not in the theatrical release, was released on October 26, 2010. Nilsson's final album, tentatively titled Papa's Got a Brown New Robe (produced by Mark Hudson) was not released, though several demos from the album were available on promotional CDs and online. The musical Everyday Rapture features three songs by Nilsson and, similarly, the film A Good Year features \"Gotta get up\", \"Jump into the fire\" and \"How can I be sure of you\". On July 29, 2013, Sony Music released a definitive box-set of his RCA era albums called The RCA Albums Collection. Each of the albums in the 17-CD set had additional bonus tracks, along with 3 of the 17 discs that contained rarities and outtakes spanning his entire career. Additionally, several weeks later on August 13, Flash Harry was finally issued on CD also featuring additional material. Completing the two CD releases, the first book written about Nilsson was published covering his life story."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is the legacy of Harry Nilsson?", "answer": {"text": "Nilsson is the subject of a 2006 documentary, Who Is Harry Nilsson (And Why Is Everybody Talkin' About Him)? produced by David Leaf and John Schienfeld.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the film?", "answer": {"text": "The film was screened in 2006 at the Seattle International Film Festival and the Santa Barbara International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 153, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did it go to theaters?", "answer": {"text": "In August 2006, the film received its Los Angeles premiere when it was screened at the 7th Annual Mods & Rockers Film Festival", "answer_start": 277, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "The filmmakers re-edited the film with rare found footage of Nilsson, further interviews, and family photographs, and finally released it on September 17, 2010", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it go to the theaters?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any more albums?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#0", "question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "rewrite": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["When the page got to around 49,500 likes, he revealed the title and lyrics for the upcoming song, titled \"Edge of Reality\". The song \"Edge of Reality\" was released the moment the page reached 50,000 likes. On March 30, he announced the name of the upcoming EP, \"Edge of Reality\", under the band name \"the Dead Rabbitts\". On April 9, he released another song from the EP titled \"World of Disaster\". In mid-2012, the Dead Rabbitts announced that they would be teaming with To Write Love on Her Arms and PledgeMusic with the release of the EP. Through PledgeMusic, fans were able to pre-order the EP along with extra items such as signed CDs, posters, concert tickets, and more. People who pre-ordered the album through the website, or \"pledged\", would also be able to download the album earlier than others. When the pre-orders hit the target goal, 5% of the money raised would be donated to To Write Love On Her Arms. Pledgers would also receive updates and exclusive videos. Mabbitt released certain songs from the EP when the target percentage of donations reached certain points, such as 55% or 75%. The target was reached on October 4, 2012, and the album was released on October 19. The band set off on the \"Pizza Party Tour\" with bands Get Scared and Rob the Cartel and As Thick As Thieves The tour started in Tucson, Arizona on September 12, 2012, and ended September 29 in Sacramento, California. In November 2013, Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade. On May 16, the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014.", "the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the Billboard 200. On November 7, the band released a music video from their song \"Deer in the Headlights\". During this time, he was also the touring bassist for Escape the Fate before Max Georgiev took over. In 2015 he left The Dead Rabbitts. and was replaced by Boby Whitaker. After leaving the band, he became a Detention Officer. With Eyes Set to Kill With Greeley Estates With Alesana With Dead Rabbitts With Greeley Estates With Alesana With The Dead Rabbitts", "Levien was appointed a Justice of the Peace in March 1875. On 19 February 1876 the Eastern Extension Australia and China Telegraph Company cable linking New Zealand with Australia and the Far East was landed at Schroder's Mistake, Wakapuaka (now known as Cable Bay) north of Nelson. This significant event prompted Levien to invite the Governor (The Marquess of Normanby), Premier (Julius Vogel) and ministers to celebrate the landing. He was politely declined by the Premier and derided in the neighbouring province's newspaper. Levien died in office on 7 June 1876 after a long and painful illness aged 65 years. He was buried at Wakapuaka Cemetery the following day. He was survived by his wife. Robert Levien (1834 in London \u2013 1893) decided in 1864 to settle in Nelson where his uncle Joseph Levien had already been for some time. Robert Levien was also a merchant and was first elected a Nelson City Councillor in the late 1870s.", "The Dead Rabbitts The Dead Rabbitts are an American metalcore supergroup from Phoenix, Arizona. The band is a side project of Escape the Fate's lead vocalist, Craig Mabbitt and rhythm guitarist TJ Bell, and currently signed to Tragic Hero Records. The Dead Rabbitt's debut EP, \"Edge of Reality\", was released on October 19, 2012 for people who purchased the album through PledgeMusic, and October 30, 2012 in the iTunes Store. The band's debut album, \"Shapeshifter\", was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the \"Billboard\" 200, The band's second studio album, \"This Emptiness\", was released on April 14, 2017. In late 2011, lead vocalist Craig Mabbitt announced an upcoming side-project, along with an upcoming album for Escape the Fate. Mabbitt revealed that a single from the side-project would be released in February 2012, and the album would be produced by Caleb Shomo of Beartooth. Members of the side project would include Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft of LoveHateHero who later went on to join Escape the Fate, TJ Bell of Escape the Fate and formerly of Motionless in White, Alex Torres formerly of Eyes Set to Kill, Greeley Estates, and Alesana. He hinted that the album will be a reminiscent of the music he made while in his previous bands Blessthefall and The Word Alive. Mabbitt announced a tentative April 9 release date for the album, stating \"what better day to release your album than on your birthday?\", but this was later delayed. In January, he created a Facebook page and posted that he would stream a song from the side-project's upcoming EP if the page got to 50,000 \"likes\".", "Alex Torres (musician) Alexander Ray \"Alex\" Torres (born September 15, 1987) is an American musician, best known for being the guitarist of metalcore and post-hardcore bands Eyes Set to Kill, Greeley Estates, Alesana, and The Dead Rabbitts. Torres was one of the first three non-original members to join Eyes Set to Kill, as it was started as a three-piece. He recorded their first EP, \"When Silence Is Broken, The Night Is Torn\". Torres joined metalcore band Greeley Estates in April 2007, along with Joshua \"Fergz\" Ferguson. He recorded both \"Go West Young Man, Let the Evil Go East\" and \"No Rain, No Rainbow\". On June 15, 2010, Greeley Estates officially announced that Torres had left the band, \"abruptly\" before their Japan tour, to \"focus on other musical endeavors\", and also announced that bassist David Ludlow would take over guitar and that Micah Kinard, the lead vocalist of Oh, Sleeper, would be filling in on bass. They have since added Kyle Kolesch to be permanent bassist. Almost immediately after he left Greeley Estates, Torres joined rock band Alesana when their guitarist, Jake Campbell, left the band to be with his family. Torres went through all of Warped Tour 2010 with Alesana and is included on the band's fourth studio album, \"A Place Where the Sun Is Silent\". In 2012 Alex Torres left Alesana for personal reasons. Most recently Torres joined The Dead Rabbitts, side project of Craig Mabbitt replacing Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft. In November 2013, The Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade, On May 16."], "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#1", "question": "what was his first hit", "rewrite": "what was Eddie Rabbitts first hit", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Terence Rabbitts Terence Howard Rabbitts FRS FMedSci (born 17 June 1946) is currently Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Oxford. He was educated at John Ruskin Grammar School, the University of East Anglia (BSc) and the National Institute for Medical Research (PhD). He pioneered the method of cDNA cloning, an approach universally used in bioscience and biotechnology, and elucidated the organization, diversity and rearrangement of human antibody genes, which defined the building blocks for construction of therapeutic antibody repertoires. He also pioneered chimaeric antibodies (with Michael Neuberger). He discovered the LMO and HOX11 chromosomal translocation families in T cell leukaemia and the first fusion gene in a solid tumour. He developed the first knock-in gene, now a widely employed approach in gene targeting and gene editing. He also pioneered the design of intracellular antibody single domain fragments (iDAbs) and established approaches to develop these macromolecules (that he dubbed macrodrugs) into small molecule drug leads. He was awarded the Colworth Medal in 1981, made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1987. He was awarded the CIBA medal in 1993 and made a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998 He was awarded the Clotten Foundation Prize in 2015.", "When the page got to around 49,500 likes, he revealed the title and lyrics for the upcoming song, titled \"Edge of Reality\". The song \"Edge of Reality\" was released the moment the page reached 50,000 likes. On March 30, he announced the name of the upcoming EP, \"Edge of Reality\", under the band name \"the Dead Rabbitts\". On April 9, he released another song from the EP titled \"World of Disaster\". In mid-2012, the Dead Rabbitts announced that they would be teaming with To Write Love on Her Arms and PledgeMusic with the release of the EP. Through PledgeMusic, fans were able to pre-order the EP along with extra items such as signed CDs, posters, concert tickets, and more. People who pre-ordered the album through the website, or \"pledged\", would also be able to download the album earlier than others. When the pre-orders hit the target goal, 5% of the money raised would be donated to To Write Love On Her Arms. Pledgers would also receive updates and exclusive videos. Mabbitt released certain songs from the EP when the target percentage of donations reached certain points, such as 55% or 75%. The target was reached on October 4, 2012, and the album was released on October 19. The band set off on the \"Pizza Party Tour\" with bands Get Scared and Rob the Cartel and As Thick As Thieves The tour started in Tucson, Arizona on September 12, 2012, and ended September 29 in Sacramento, California. In November 2013, Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade. On May 16, the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014.", "Alex Torres (musician) Alexander Ray \"Alex\" Torres (born September 15, 1987) is an American musician, best known for being the guitarist of metalcore and post-hardcore bands Eyes Set to Kill, Greeley Estates, Alesana, and The Dead Rabbitts. Torres was one of the first three non-original members to join Eyes Set to Kill, as it was started as a three-piece. He recorded their first EP, \"When Silence Is Broken, The Night Is Torn\". Torres joined metalcore band Greeley Estates in April 2007, along with Joshua \"Fergz\" Ferguson. He recorded both \"Go West Young Man, Let the Evil Go East\" and \"No Rain, No Rainbow\". On June 15, 2010, Greeley Estates officially announced that Torres had left the band, \"abruptly\" before their Japan tour, to \"focus on other musical endeavors\", and also announced that bassist David Ludlow would take over guitar and that Micah Kinard, the lead vocalist of Oh, Sleeper, would be filling in on bass. They have since added Kyle Kolesch to be permanent bassist. Almost immediately after he left Greeley Estates, Torres joined rock band Alesana when their guitarist, Jake Campbell, left the band to be with his family. Torres went through all of Warped Tour 2010 with Alesana and is included on the band's fourth studio album, \"A Place Where the Sun Is Silent\". In 2012 Alex Torres left Alesana for personal reasons. Most recently Torres joined The Dead Rabbitts, side project of Craig Mabbitt replacing Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft. In November 2013, The Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade, On May 16.", "Maria Lamor Maria Lamor is a Spanish actress, known for roles in Star knight(1985), Orquesta Club Virginia (1992) and the TV series \"Brigada central\" (1989).", "the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the Billboard 200. On November 7, the band released a music video from their song \"Deer in the Headlights\". During this time, he was also the touring bassist for Escape the Fate before Max Georgiev took over. In 2015 he left The Dead Rabbitts. and was replaced by Boby Whitaker. After leaving the band, he became a Detention Officer. With Eyes Set to Kill With Greeley Estates With Alesana With Dead Rabbitts With Greeley Estates With Alesana With The Dead Rabbitts"], "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#2", "question": "when did he make his first hit", "rewrite": "when did Eddie Rabbitt make his first hit", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["These three songs along with a recording of \"Pure Love\" were included on Rabbitt's self-named debut album in 1975. In 1976 his critically acclaimed Rocky Mountain Music album was released, which handed Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\". In 1977 his third album, Rabbitt was released, which made the top 5 on Country Albums chart. Also in 1977 the Academy of Country Music named Rabbitt \"Top New Male Vocalist of the Year\". By that time he had a good reputation in Nashville, and was being compared by critics to singer Kris Kristofferson. In 1977, at Knott's Berry Farm, Eddie Rabbitt appeared at the CMA and sang several of his songs from the album Rocky Mountain Music. He won the award of Top New Male Vocalist of the Year. While he was still relatively unknown, Rabbitt toured with and opened for crossover star Kenny Rogers, and also opened for Dolly Parton on a number of dates during her 1978 tour, but soon Rabbitt would himself break through on other charts. Following the 1978 release of Variations, which included two more No. 1 hits, Rabbitt released his first compilation album, The Best of Eddie Rabbitt. The album produced Rabbitt's first crossover single of his career, \"Every Which Way But Loose\", which topped Country charts and reached the top 30 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary, and was featured in a 1978 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name. The song also broke the record for highest chart debut, entering at No. 18. Rabbitt held this record until it was shared with Garth Brooks at the debut of Brooks' 2005 single \"Good Ride Cowboy.\" The record was broken in 2006 upon the No. 17 chart entrance of Keith Urban's \"Once in a Lifetime.\"", "American Boy (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"American Boy\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in August 1990 as the fourth single from his album \"Jersey Boy\". The song reached number 11 on country charts and was his final song to reach the top 40 on the chart. The song was popular among United States servicemen and their families during the 1991 Gulf War and was used by Senator Bob Dole during his 1996 campaign for President of the United States. A re-recorded version of the song was later released on Rabbitt's 1997 album \"Beatin' the Odds\" In the song, Rabbitt expresses his desire to \"live in a place where they name their kids Billy\", \"hear [his] man Willie\" on the radio, cheer at Football games on Friday Night, and \"go where [he] want[s] to.\" He states that he is a free man at this place. He then goes on to explain that he is an \"American Boy\" who drives a Chevy, whose \"older brother is a G.I. Joe, whose \"little brother watched Saturday morning cartoons\" and who goes to the beach to look at \"pretty women. \" During the song, Rabbitt states: I'm an American boy I buy American. <br> I'm an American boy yes I am. <br> I'm an American boy I'll die an American. <br> The song features speeches from Martin Luther King Jr., Neil Armstrong and John F. Kennedy, which are placed at certain points during the course of the song. In October 1996, Bob Dole asked Rabbitt to use the song at political rallies for his campaign for presidency, according to Rabbitt he stated \"I'm really a big fan and I really enjoy your music and I really like your song. \"", "Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Step by Step\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"Step by Step\". The song was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. In the song, the narrator instructs a friend on how to attract the attentions of a woman to whom he's attracted, concluding the chorus with \"step by step , you'll win her love\". \"Step by Step\" maintained Eddie Rabbitt's crossover appeal when the single made it to number five in the Top 40.", "Gone Too Far (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Gone Too Far\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in February 1980 as the third single from the album \"Loveline\". \"Gone Too Far\" was Eddie Rabbitt's sixth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of ten weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy.", "Ten Rounds (Eddie Rabbitt album) Ten Rounds is the thirteenth studio album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1991 by Capitol Records. The album produced one single, \"Hang Up the Phone\", which was the last charting single of his career. The track \"747\" had previously appeared on Rabbitt's 1980 album \"Horizon\". Rabbitt wrote the song \"C-Rap (Country Rap)\" in response to his dissatisfaction with rap music. All tracks written by Eddie Rabbitt; \"You Look Like an Angel\" and \"I'll Get Along Without You Just Fine\" co-written by Reed Nielsen. Compiled from liner notes."], "answer": {"text": "In 1964,", "answer_start": 335}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his first hit", "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#3", "question": "who did he sign with", "rewrite": "who did Eddie Rabbitt sign with", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Step by Step\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"Step by Step\". The song was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. In the song, the narrator instructs a friend on how to attract the attentions of a woman to whom he's attracted, concluding the chorus with \"step by step , you'll win her love\". \"Step by Step\" maintained Eddie Rabbitt's crossover appeal when the single made it to number five in the Top 40.", "American Boy (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"American Boy\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in August 1990 as the fourth single from his album \"Jersey Boy\". The song reached number 11 on country charts and was his final song to reach the top 40 on the chart. The song was popular among United States servicemen and their families during the 1991 Gulf War and was used by Senator Bob Dole during his 1996 campaign for President of the United States. A re-recorded version of the song was later released on Rabbitt's 1997 album \"Beatin' the Odds\" In the song, Rabbitt expresses his desire to \"live in a place where they name their kids Billy\", \"hear [his] man Willie\" on the radio, cheer at Football games on Friday Night, and \"go where [he] want[s] to.\" He states that he is a free man at this place. He then goes on to explain that he is an \"American Boy\" who drives a Chevy, whose \"older brother is a G.I. Joe, whose \"little brother watched Saturday morning cartoons\" and who goes to the beach to look at \"pretty women. \" During the song, Rabbitt states: I'm an American boy I buy American. <br> I'm an American boy yes I am. <br> I'm an American boy I'll die an American. <br> The song features speeches from Martin Luther King Jr., Neil Armstrong and John F. Kennedy, which are placed at certain points during the course of the song. In October 1996, Bob Dole asked Rabbitt to use the song at political rallies for his campaign for presidency, according to Rabbitt he stated \"I'm really a big fan and I really enjoy your music and I really like your song. \"", "Ten Rounds (Eddie Rabbitt album) Ten Rounds is the thirteenth studio album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1991 by Capitol Records. The album produced one single, \"Hang Up the Phone\", which was the last charting single of his career. The track \"747\" had previously appeared on Rabbitt's 1980 album \"Horizon\". Rabbitt wrote the song \"C-Rap (Country Rap)\" in response to his dissatisfaction with rap music. All tracks written by Eddie Rabbitt; \"You Look Like an Angel\" and \"I'll Get Along Without You Just Fine\" co-written by Reed Nielsen. Compiled from liner notes.", "These three songs along with a recording of \"Pure Love\" were included on Rabbitt's self-named debut album in 1975. In 1976 his critically acclaimed Rocky Mountain Music album was released, which handed Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\". In 1977 his third album, Rabbitt was released, which made the top 5 on Country Albums chart. Also in 1977 the Academy of Country Music named Rabbitt \"Top New Male Vocalist of the Year\". By that time he had a good reputation in Nashville, and was being compared by critics to singer Kris Kristofferson. In 1977, at Knott's Berry Farm, Eddie Rabbitt appeared at the CMA and sang several of his songs from the album Rocky Mountain Music. He won the award of Top New Male Vocalist of the Year. While he was still relatively unknown, Rabbitt toured with and opened for crossover star Kenny Rogers, and also opened for Dolly Parton on a number of dates during her 1978 tour, but soon Rabbitt would himself break through on other charts. Following the 1978 release of Variations, which included two more No. 1 hits, Rabbitt released his first compilation album, The Best of Eddie Rabbitt. The album produced Rabbitt's first crossover single of his career, \"Every Which Way But Loose\", which topped Country charts and reached the top 30 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary, and was featured in a 1978 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name. The song also broke the record for highest chart debut, entering at No. 18. Rabbitt held this record until it was shared with Garth Brooks at the debut of Brooks' 2005 single \"Good Ride Cowboy.\" The record was broken in 2006 upon the No. 17 chart entrance of Keith Urban's \"Once in a Lifetime.\"", "Gone Too Far (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Gone Too Far\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in February 1980 as the third single from the album \"Loveline\". \"Gone Too Far\" was Eddie Rabbitt's sixth number one on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for a single week and spent a total of ten weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy."], "answer": {"text": "20th Century Records", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his first hit", "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he make his first hit", "answer": {"text": "In 1964,", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#4", "question": "did he have any accomplishments", "rewrite": "did Eddie Rabbitt have any accomplishments", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Step by Step\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"Step by Step\". The song was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. In the song, the narrator instructs a friend on how to attract the attentions of a woman to whom he's attracted, concluding the chorus with \"step by step , you'll win her love\". \"Step by Step\" maintained Eddie Rabbitt's crossover appeal when the single made it to number five in the Top 40.", "Eddie Rabbitt (album) Eddie Rabbitt is the debut album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1975 under the Elektra Records label. The album produced three singles: \"You Get to Me\", \"Forgive and Forget\", and \"I Should Have Married You. \" The latter two both reached the top 15 in country music charts. Also included on the album was \"Pure Love\", a song written by Rabbitt that had been originally recorded by Ronnie Milsap the previous year.", "Ten Rounds (Eddie Rabbitt album) Ten Rounds is the thirteenth studio album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1991 by Capitol Records. The album produced one single, \"Hang Up the Phone\", which was the last charting single of his career. The track \"747\" had previously appeared on Rabbitt's 1980 album \"Horizon\". Rabbitt wrote the song \"C-Rap (Country Rap)\" in response to his dissatisfaction with rap music. All tracks written by Eddie Rabbitt; \"You Look Like an Angel\" and \"I'll Get Along Without You Just Fine\" co-written by Reed Nielsen. Compiled from liner notes.", "American Boy (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"American Boy\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in August 1990 as the fourth single from his album \"Jersey Boy\". The song reached number 11 on country charts and was his final song to reach the top 40 on the chart. The song was popular among United States servicemen and their families during the 1991 Gulf War and was used by Senator Bob Dole during his 1996 campaign for President of the United States. A re-recorded version of the song was later released on Rabbitt's 1997 album \"Beatin' the Odds\" In the song, Rabbitt expresses his desire to \"live in a place where they name their kids Billy\", \"hear [his] man Willie\" on the radio, cheer at Football games on Friday Night, and \"go where [he] want[s] to.\" He states that he is a free man at this place. He then goes on to explain that he is an \"American Boy\" who drives a Chevy, whose \"older brother is a G.I. Joe, whose \"little brother watched Saturday morning cartoons\" and who goes to the beach to look at \"pretty women. \" During the song, Rabbitt states: I'm an American boy I buy American. <br> I'm an American boy yes I am. <br> I'm an American boy I'll die an American. <br> The song features speeches from Martin Luther King Jr., Neil Armstrong and John F. Kennedy, which are placed at certain points during the course of the song. In October 1996, Bob Dole asked Rabbitt to use the song at political rallies for his campaign for presidency, according to Rabbitt he stated \"I'm really a big fan and I really enjoy your music and I really like your song. \"", "These three songs along with a recording of \"Pure Love\" were included on Rabbitt's self-named debut album in 1975. In 1976 his critically acclaimed Rocky Mountain Music album was released, which handed Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\". In 1977 his third album, Rabbitt was released, which made the top 5 on Country Albums chart. Also in 1977 the Academy of Country Music named Rabbitt \"Top New Male Vocalist of the Year\". By that time he had a good reputation in Nashville, and was being compared by critics to singer Kris Kristofferson. In 1977, at Knott's Berry Farm, Eddie Rabbitt appeared at the CMA and sang several of his songs from the album Rocky Mountain Music. He won the award of Top New Male Vocalist of the Year. While he was still relatively unknown, Rabbitt toured with and opened for crossover star Kenny Rogers, and also opened for Dolly Parton on a number of dates during her 1978 tour, but soon Rabbitt would himself break through on other charts. Following the 1978 release of Variations, which included two more No. 1 hits, Rabbitt released his first compilation album, The Best of Eddie Rabbitt. The album produced Rabbitt's first crossover single of his career, \"Every Which Way But Loose\", which topped Country charts and reached the top 30 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary, and was featured in a 1978 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name. The song also broke the record for highest chart debut, entering at No. 18. Rabbitt held this record until it was shared with Garth Brooks at the debut of Brooks' 2005 single \"Good Ride Cowboy.\" The record was broken in 2006 upon the No. 17 chart entrance of Keith Urban's \"Once in a Lifetime.\""], "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt became successful as a songwriter in 1969 when Elvis Presley recorded his song \"Kentucky Rain\".", "answer_start": 1118}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his first hit", "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he make his first hit", "answer": {"text": "In 1964,", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he sign with", "answer": {"text": "20th Century Records", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#5", "question": "what was his biggest accomplishment", "rewrite": "what was Eddie Rabbitts biggest accomplishment", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alex Torres (musician) Alexander Ray \"Alex\" Torres (born September 15, 1987) is an American musician, best known for being the guitarist of metalcore and post-hardcore bands Eyes Set to Kill, Greeley Estates, Alesana, and The Dead Rabbitts. Torres was one of the first three non-original members to join Eyes Set to Kill, as it was started as a three-piece. He recorded their first EP, \"When Silence Is Broken, The Night Is Torn\". Torres joined metalcore band Greeley Estates in April 2007, along with Joshua \"Fergz\" Ferguson. He recorded both \"Go West Young Man, Let the Evil Go East\" and \"No Rain, No Rainbow\". On June 15, 2010, Greeley Estates officially announced that Torres had left the band, \"abruptly\" before their Japan tour, to \"focus on other musical endeavors\", and also announced that bassist David Ludlow would take over guitar and that Micah Kinard, the lead vocalist of Oh, Sleeper, would be filling in on bass. They have since added Kyle Kolesch to be permanent bassist. Almost immediately after he left Greeley Estates, Torres joined rock band Alesana when their guitarist, Jake Campbell, left the band to be with his family. Torres went through all of Warped Tour 2010 with Alesana and is included on the band's fourth studio album, \"A Place Where the Sun Is Silent\". In 2012 Alex Torres left Alesana for personal reasons. Most recently Torres joined The Dead Rabbitts, side project of Craig Mabbitt replacing Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft. In November 2013, The Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade, On May 16.", "Maria Lamor Maria Lamor is a Spanish actress, known for roles in Star knight(1985), Orquesta Club Virginia (1992) and the TV series \"Brigada central\" (1989).", "The Dead Rabbitts The Dead Rabbitts are an American metalcore supergroup from Phoenix, Arizona. The band is a side project of Escape the Fate's lead vocalist, Craig Mabbitt and rhythm guitarist TJ Bell, and currently signed to Tragic Hero Records. The Dead Rabbitt's debut EP, \"Edge of Reality\", was released on October 19, 2012 for people who purchased the album through PledgeMusic, and October 30, 2012 in the iTunes Store. The band's debut album, \"Shapeshifter\", was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the \"Billboard\" 200, The band's second studio album, \"This Emptiness\", was released on April 14, 2017. In late 2011, lead vocalist Craig Mabbitt announced an upcoming side-project, along with an upcoming album for Escape the Fate. Mabbitt revealed that a single from the side-project would be released in February 2012, and the album would be produced by Caleb Shomo of Beartooth. Members of the side project would include Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft of LoveHateHero who later went on to join Escape the Fate, TJ Bell of Escape the Fate and formerly of Motionless in White, Alex Torres formerly of Eyes Set to Kill, Greeley Estates, and Alesana. He hinted that the album will be a reminiscent of the music he made while in his previous bands Blessthefall and The Word Alive. Mabbitt announced a tentative April 9 release date for the album, stating \"what better day to release your album than on your birthday?\", but this was later delayed. In January, he created a Facebook page and posted that he would stream a song from the side-project's upcoming EP if the page got to 50,000 \"likes\".", "the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the Billboard 200. On November 7, the band released a music video from their song \"Deer in the Headlights\". During this time, he was also the touring bassist for Escape the Fate before Max Georgiev took over. In 2015 he left The Dead Rabbitts. and was replaced by Boby Whitaker. After leaving the band, he became a Detention Officer. With Eyes Set to Kill With Greeley Estates With Alesana With Dead Rabbitts With Greeley Estates With Alesana With The Dead Rabbitts", "When the page got to around 49,500 likes, he revealed the title and lyrics for the upcoming song, titled \"Edge of Reality\". The song \"Edge of Reality\" was released the moment the page reached 50,000 likes. On March 30, he announced the name of the upcoming EP, \"Edge of Reality\", under the band name \"the Dead Rabbitts\". On April 9, he released another song from the EP titled \"World of Disaster\". In mid-2012, the Dead Rabbitts announced that they would be teaming with To Write Love on Her Arms and PledgeMusic with the release of the EP. Through PledgeMusic, fans were able to pre-order the EP along with extra items such as signed CDs, posters, concert tickets, and more. People who pre-ordered the album through the website, or \"pledged\", would also be able to download the album earlier than others. When the pre-orders hit the target goal, 5% of the money raised would be donated to To Write Love On Her Arms. Pledgers would also receive updates and exclusive videos. Mabbitt released certain songs from the EP when the target percentage of donations reached certain points, such as 55% or 75%. The target was reached on October 4, 2012, and the album was released on October 19. The band set off on the \"Pizza Party Tour\" with bands Get Scared and Rob the Cartel and As Thick As Thieves The tour started in Tucson, Arizona on September 12, 2012, and ended September 29 in Sacramento, California. In November 2013, Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade. On May 16, the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014."], "answer": {"text": "The song went gold and cast Rabbitt as one of Nashville's leading young songwriters.", "answer_start": 1222}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his first hit", "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he make his first hit", "answer": {"text": "In 1964,", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he sign with", "answer": {"text": "20th Century Records", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any accomplishments", "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt became successful as a songwriter in 1969 when Elvis Presley recorded his song \"Kentucky Rain\".", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#6", "question": "what was his biggest hit", "rewrite": "what was Eddie Rabbitts biggest hit", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alex Torres (musician) Alexander Ray \"Alex\" Torres (born September 15, 1987) is an American musician, best known for being the guitarist of metalcore and post-hardcore bands Eyes Set to Kill, Greeley Estates, Alesana, and The Dead Rabbitts. Torres was one of the first three non-original members to join Eyes Set to Kill, as it was started as a three-piece. He recorded their first EP, \"When Silence Is Broken, The Night Is Torn\". Torres joined metalcore band Greeley Estates in April 2007, along with Joshua \"Fergz\" Ferguson. He recorded both \"Go West Young Man, Let the Evil Go East\" and \"No Rain, No Rainbow\". On June 15, 2010, Greeley Estates officially announced that Torres had left the band, \"abruptly\" before their Japan tour, to \"focus on other musical endeavors\", and also announced that bassist David Ludlow would take over guitar and that Micah Kinard, the lead vocalist of Oh, Sleeper, would be filling in on bass. They have since added Kyle Kolesch to be permanent bassist. Almost immediately after he left Greeley Estates, Torres joined rock band Alesana when their guitarist, Jake Campbell, left the band to be with his family. Torres went through all of Warped Tour 2010 with Alesana and is included on the band's fourth studio album, \"A Place Where the Sun Is Silent\". In 2012 Alex Torres left Alesana for personal reasons. Most recently Torres joined The Dead Rabbitts, side project of Craig Mabbitt replacing Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft. In November 2013, The Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade, On May 16.", "When the page got to around 49,500 likes, he revealed the title and lyrics for the upcoming song, titled \"Edge of Reality\". The song \"Edge of Reality\" was released the moment the page reached 50,000 likes. On March 30, he announced the name of the upcoming EP, \"Edge of Reality\", under the band name \"the Dead Rabbitts\". On April 9, he released another song from the EP titled \"World of Disaster\". In mid-2012, the Dead Rabbitts announced that they would be teaming with To Write Love on Her Arms and PledgeMusic with the release of the EP. Through PledgeMusic, fans were able to pre-order the EP along with extra items such as signed CDs, posters, concert tickets, and more. People who pre-ordered the album through the website, or \"pledged\", would also be able to download the album earlier than others. When the pre-orders hit the target goal, 5% of the money raised would be donated to To Write Love On Her Arms. Pledgers would also receive updates and exclusive videos. Mabbitt released certain songs from the EP when the target percentage of donations reached certain points, such as 55% or 75%. The target was reached on October 4, 2012, and the album was released on October 19. The band set off on the \"Pizza Party Tour\" with bands Get Scared and Rob the Cartel and As Thick As Thieves The tour started in Tucson, Arizona on September 12, 2012, and ended September 29 in Sacramento, California. In November 2013, Dead Rabbitts signed with Tragic Hero Records and announced that they will be releasing an album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade. On May 16, the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014.", "Terence Rabbitts Terence Howard Rabbitts FRS FMedSci (born 17 June 1946) is currently Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of Oxford. He was educated at John Ruskin Grammar School, the University of East Anglia (BSc) and the National Institute for Medical Research (PhD). He pioneered the method of cDNA cloning, an approach universally used in bioscience and biotechnology, and elucidated the organization, diversity and rearrangement of human antibody genes, which defined the building blocks for construction of therapeutic antibody repertoires. He also pioneered chimaeric antibodies (with Michael Neuberger). He discovered the LMO and HOX11 chromosomal translocation families in T cell leukaemia and the first fusion gene in a solid tumour. He developed the first knock-in gene, now a widely employed approach in gene targeting and gene editing. He also pioneered the design of intracellular antibody single domain fragments (iDAbs) and established approaches to develop these macromolecules (that he dubbed macrodrugs) into small molecule drug leads. He was awarded the Colworth Medal in 1981, made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1987. He was awarded the CIBA medal in 1993 and made a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998 He was awarded the Clotten Foundation Prize in 2015.", "The Dead Rabbitts The Dead Rabbitts are an American metalcore supergroup from Phoenix, Arizona. The band is a side project of Escape the Fate's lead vocalist, Craig Mabbitt and rhythm guitarist TJ Bell, and currently signed to Tragic Hero Records. The Dead Rabbitt's debut EP, \"Edge of Reality\", was released on October 19, 2012 for people who purchased the album through PledgeMusic, and October 30, 2012 in the iTunes Store. The band's debut album, \"Shapeshifter\", was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the \"Billboard\" 200, The band's second studio album, \"This Emptiness\", was released on April 14, 2017. In late 2011, lead vocalist Craig Mabbitt announced an upcoming side-project, along with an upcoming album for Escape the Fate. Mabbitt revealed that a single from the side-project would be released in February 2012, and the album would be produced by Caleb Shomo of Beartooth. Members of the side project would include Kevin \"Thrasher\" Gruft of LoveHateHero who later went on to join Escape the Fate, TJ Bell of Escape the Fate and formerly of Motionless in White, Alex Torres formerly of Eyes Set to Kill, Greeley Estates, and Alesana. He hinted that the album will be a reminiscent of the music he made while in his previous bands Blessthefall and The Word Alive. Mabbitt announced a tentative April 9 release date for the album, stating \"what better day to release your album than on your birthday?\", but this was later delayed. In January, he created a Facebook page and posted that he would stream a song from the side-project's upcoming EP if the page got to 50,000 \"likes\".", "the band released their first single \"My Only Regret\" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the Billboard 200. On November 7, the band released a music video from their song \"Deer in the Headlights\". During this time, he was also the touring bassist for Escape the Fate before Max Georgiev took over. In 2015 he left The Dead Rabbitts. and was replaced by Boby Whitaker. After leaving the band, he became a Detention Officer. With Eyes Set to Kill With Greeley Estates With Alesana With Dead Rabbitts With Greeley Estates With Alesana With The Dead Rabbitts"], "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\".", "answer_start": 202}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his first hit", "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he make his first hit", "answer": {"text": "In 1964,", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he sign with", "answer": {"text": "20th Century Records", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any accomplishments", "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt became successful as a songwriter in 1969 when Elvis Presley recorded his song \"Kentucky Rain\".", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest accomplishment", "answer": {"text": "The song went gold and cast Rabbitt as one of Nashville's leading young songwriters.", "answer_start": 1222, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#7", "question": "did he have a band", "rewrite": "did Eddie Rabbitt have a band", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Step by Step\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"Step by Step\". The song was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. In the song, the narrator instructs a friend on how to attract the attentions of a woman to whom he's attracted, concluding the chorus with \"step by step , you'll win her love\". \"Step by Step\" maintained Eddie Rabbitt's crossover appeal when the single made it to number five in the Top 40.", "Eddie Rabbitt (album) Eddie Rabbitt is the debut album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1975 under the Elektra Records label. The album produced three singles: \"You Get to Me\", \"Forgive and Forget\", and \"I Should Have Married You. \" The latter two both reached the top 15 in country music charts. Also included on the album was \"Pure Love\", a song written by Rabbitt that had been originally recorded by Ronnie Milsap the previous year.", "American Boy (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"American Boy\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in August 1990 as the fourth single from his album \"Jersey Boy\". The song reached number 11 on country charts and was his final song to reach the top 40 on the chart. The song was popular among United States servicemen and their families during the 1991 Gulf War and was used by Senator Bob Dole during his 1996 campaign for President of the United States. A re-recorded version of the song was later released on Rabbitt's 1997 album \"Beatin' the Odds\" In the song, Rabbitt expresses his desire to \"live in a place where they name their kids Billy\", \"hear [his] man Willie\" on the radio, cheer at Football games on Friday Night, and \"go where [he] want[s] to.\" He states that he is a free man at this place. He then goes on to explain that he is an \"American Boy\" who drives a Chevy, whose \"older brother is a G.I. Joe, whose \"little brother watched Saturday morning cartoons\" and who goes to the beach to look at \"pretty women. \" During the song, Rabbitt states: I'm an American boy I buy American. <br> I'm an American boy yes I am. <br> I'm an American boy I'll die an American. <br> The song features speeches from Martin Luther King Jr., Neil Armstrong and John F. Kennedy, which are placed at certain points during the course of the song. In October 1996, Bob Dole asked Rabbitt to use the song at political rallies for his campaign for presidency, according to Rabbitt he stated \"I'm really a big fan and I really enjoy your music and I really like your song. \"", "These three songs along with a recording of \"Pure Love\" were included on Rabbitt's self-named debut album in 1975. In 1976 his critically acclaimed Rocky Mountain Music album was released, which handed Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\". In 1977 his third album, Rabbitt was released, which made the top 5 on Country Albums chart. Also in 1977 the Academy of Country Music named Rabbitt \"Top New Male Vocalist of the Year\". By that time he had a good reputation in Nashville, and was being compared by critics to singer Kris Kristofferson. In 1977, at Knott's Berry Farm, Eddie Rabbitt appeared at the CMA and sang several of his songs from the album Rocky Mountain Music. He won the award of Top New Male Vocalist of the Year. While he was still relatively unknown, Rabbitt toured with and opened for crossover star Kenny Rogers, and also opened for Dolly Parton on a number of dates during her 1978 tour, but soon Rabbitt would himself break through on other charts. Following the 1978 release of Variations, which included two more No. 1 hits, Rabbitt released his first compilation album, The Best of Eddie Rabbitt. The album produced Rabbitt's first crossover single of his career, \"Every Which Way But Loose\", which topped Country charts and reached the top 30 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary, and was featured in a 1978 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name. The song also broke the record for highest chart debut, entering at No. 18. Rabbitt held this record until it was shared with Garth Brooks at the debut of Brooks' 2005 single \"Good Ride Cowboy.\" The record was broken in 2006 upon the No. 17 chart entrance of Keith Urban's \"Once in a Lifetime.\"", "Ten Rounds (Eddie Rabbitt album) Ten Rounds is the thirteenth studio album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1991 by Capitol Records. The album produced one single, \"Hang Up the Phone\", which was the last charting single of his career. The track \"747\" had previously appeared on Rabbitt's 1980 album \"Horizon\". Rabbitt wrote the song \"C-Rap (Country Rap)\" in response to his dissatisfaction with rap music. All tracks written by Eddie Rabbitt; \"You Look Like an Angel\" and \"I'll Get Along Without You Just Fine\" co-written by Reed Nielsen. Compiled from liner notes."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his first hit", "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he make his first hit", "answer": {"text": "In 1964,", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he sign with", "answer": {"text": "20th Century Records", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any accomplishments", "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt became successful as a songwriter in 1969 when Elvis Presley recorded his song \"Kentucky Rain\".", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest accomplishment", "answer": {"text": "The song went gold and cast Rabbitt as one of Nashville's leading young songwriters.", "answer_start": 1222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest hit", "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\".", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_fcb40ea6cb984513afd1f37ff6f823be_1_q#8", "question": "when did he stop making music", "rewrite": "when did Eddie Rabbitt stop making music", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Step by Step (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"Step by Step\" is a crossover song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released on July 1981 as the first single and title track from the album \"Step by Step\". The song was Rabbitt's ninth number one single on the country chart. The single stayed at number one for one week and spent a total of 11 weeks on the country chart. It was written by Rabbitt, Even Stevens and David Malloy. In the song, the narrator instructs a friend on how to attract the attentions of a woman to whom he's attracted, concluding the chorus with \"step by step , you'll win her love\". \"Step by Step\" maintained Eddie Rabbitt's crossover appeal when the single made it to number five in the Top 40.", "Ten Rounds (Eddie Rabbitt album) Ten Rounds is the thirteenth studio album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1991 by Capitol Records. The album produced one single, \"Hang Up the Phone\", which was the last charting single of his career. The track \"747\" had previously appeared on Rabbitt's 1980 album \"Horizon\". Rabbitt wrote the song \"C-Rap (Country Rap)\" in response to his dissatisfaction with rap music. All tracks written by Eddie Rabbitt; \"You Look Like an Angel\" and \"I'll Get Along Without You Just Fine\" co-written by Reed Nielsen. Compiled from liner notes.", "American Boy (Eddie Rabbitt song) \"American Boy\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Eddie Rabbitt. It was released in August 1990 as the fourth single from his album \"Jersey Boy\". The song reached number 11 on country charts and was his final song to reach the top 40 on the chart. The song was popular among United States servicemen and their families during the 1991 Gulf War and was used by Senator Bob Dole during his 1996 campaign for President of the United States. A re-recorded version of the song was later released on Rabbitt's 1997 album \"Beatin' the Odds\" In the song, Rabbitt expresses his desire to \"live in a place where they name their kids Billy\", \"hear [his] man Willie\" on the radio, cheer at Football games on Friday Night, and \"go where [he] want[s] to.\" He states that he is a free man at this place. He then goes on to explain that he is an \"American Boy\" who drives a Chevy, whose \"older brother is a G.I. Joe, whose \"little brother watched Saturday morning cartoons\" and who goes to the beach to look at \"pretty women. \" During the song, Rabbitt states: I'm an American boy I buy American. <br> I'm an American boy yes I am. <br> I'm an American boy I'll die an American. <br> The song features speeches from Martin Luther King Jr., Neil Armstrong and John F. Kennedy, which are placed at certain points during the course of the song. In October 1996, Bob Dole asked Rabbitt to use the song at political rallies for his campaign for presidency, according to Rabbitt he stated \"I'm really a big fan and I really enjoy your music and I really like your song. \"", "Eddie Rabbitt (album) Eddie Rabbitt is the debut album by country artist Eddie Rabbitt, released in 1975 under the Elektra Records label. The album produced three singles: \"You Get to Me\", \"Forgive and Forget\", and \"I Should Have Married You. \" The latter two both reached the top 15 in country music charts. Also included on the album was \"Pure Love\", a song written by Rabbitt that had been originally recorded by Ronnie Milsap the previous year.", "These three songs along with a recording of \"Pure Love\" were included on Rabbitt's self-named debut album in 1975. In 1976 his critically acclaimed Rocky Mountain Music album was released, which handed Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\". In 1977 his third album, Rabbitt was released, which made the top 5 on Country Albums chart. Also in 1977 the Academy of Country Music named Rabbitt \"Top New Male Vocalist of the Year\". By that time he had a good reputation in Nashville, and was being compared by critics to singer Kris Kristofferson. In 1977, at Knott's Berry Farm, Eddie Rabbitt appeared at the CMA and sang several of his songs from the album Rocky Mountain Music. He won the award of Top New Male Vocalist of the Year. While he was still relatively unknown, Rabbitt toured with and opened for crossover star Kenny Rogers, and also opened for Dolly Parton on a number of dates during her 1978 tour, but soon Rabbitt would himself break through on other charts. Following the 1978 release of Variations, which included two more No. 1 hits, Rabbitt released his first compilation album, The Best of Eddie Rabbitt. The album produced Rabbitt's first crossover single of his career, \"Every Which Way But Loose\", which topped Country charts and reached the top 30 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Adult Contemporary, and was featured in a 1978 Clint Eastwood movie of the same name. The song also broke the record for highest chart debut, entering at No. 18. Rabbitt held this record until it was shared with Garth Brooks at the debut of Brooks' 2005 single \"Good Ride Cowboy.\" The record was broken in 2006 upon the No. 17 chart entrance of Keith Urban's \"Once in a Lifetime.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in Eddie Rabbitts early career", "answer": {"text": "he fulfilled his love of music by performing at the Six Steps Down club in his hometown.", "answer_start": 92, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his first hit", "answer": {"text": "\"Next to the Note\"", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when did he make his first hit", "answer": {"text": "In 1964,", "answer_start": 335, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he sign with", "answer": {"text": "20th Century Records", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he have any accomplishments", "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt became successful as a songwriter in 1969 when Elvis Presley recorded his song \"Kentucky Rain\".", "answer_start": 1118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest accomplishment", "answer": {"text": "The song went gold and cast Rabbitt as one of Nashville's leading young songwriters.", "answer_start": 1222, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest hit", "answer": {"text": "Rabbitt his first No. 1 country hit with the track \"Drinkin' My Baby (Off My Mind)\".", "answer_start": 202, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did he have a band", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fc9bc4bb20e45ec8d78b7928f803911_0_q#0", "question": "What does Dorothy Day's \"All men are brothers\" mean?", "rewrite": "What does Dorothy Day's \"All men are brothers\" mean?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He takes the viewpoint that all governments who wage war, and churches who in turn support those governments, are an affront to the Christian principles of nonviolence. Although Tolstoy never actually used the term \"Christian anarchism\" in \" The Kingdom of God Is Within You\", reviews of this book following its publication in 1894 appear to have coined the term. Antireligious former priest Thomas J. Hagerty was a primary author of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Preamble (\"an injury to one is an injury to all\"). IWW members included Christian anarchists like Dorothy Day and Ammon Hennacy. Day was a journalist turned social activist who became known for her social justice campaigns in defense of the poor. Alongside Peter Maurin, she founded the Catholic Worker Movement in 1933, espousing nonviolence, and hospitality for the impoverished and downtrodden. Dorothy Day was declared Servant of God when a cause for sainthood was opened for her by Pope John Paul II. Dorothy Day's Distributist economic views are very similar to Proudhon's mutualism whom she was influenced by. Day also named the phrase \"precarious work\" based on former anarcho-communist L\u00e9once Crenier's embrace of poverty. Peter Maurin's vision to transform the social order consisted of establishing urban houses of hospitality to care for the destitute; rural farming communities to teach city dwellers agrarianism and encourage a movement back-to-the-land; and roundtable discussions in community centres to clarify thought and initiate action. With some notable exceptions, such as the Catholic Worker Movement, many Christian anarchists are critical of Church dogma and rituals.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter The Dorothy Day shelter is a homeless shelter campus in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The project is centered around the site of the Dorothy Day Center built in downtown Saint Paul in 1981. The shelter is named after American Catholic and social activist Dorothy Day. The Dorothy Day Center started as a drop-in center for meals to help the homeless population in downtown Saint Paul. The facility is operated by Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis in coordination with Ramsey County, Minnesota. The new Higher Ground St. Paul facility was planned to provide around twice as much space as the Dorothy Day Center. Construction on the Higher Ground St. Paul housing program began in 2015 and was opened on January, 2017 located next to the Dorothy Day Center site. The Higher Ground facility serves the downtown Saint Paul homeless population by providing emergency shelter as well as more permanent housing. The original Dorothy Day Center was demolished on September, 2017. The new Saint Paul Opportunity Center and Dorothy Day Residence facility under construction on the previous Dorothy Day Center location is expected to be completed by July 2019. The Dorothy Day Center provided approximately eight million meals to the community during the duration of its operations over 36 years. The original Dorothy Day Center was built in 1981. In 1989, the center received a funding grant of $2.97 million from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to build 75 federally subsidized rooms at the Mary Hall building nearby. The funding would pay for the restoration of two floors in the building as well as for use by Catholic Charities for rental assistance. The Mary Hall building also provides a 25-person emergency shelter. The Mary Hall building is located near the St. Joseph's Hospital. During planning meetings for the new expansion in 2013, former Saint Paul Mayor Chris Coleman announced a \"reVision\" expansion campaign. During the discussion, the new center expansion faced notable opposition during planning to relocate away from the Saint Paul downtown.", "Catholic Worker Movement The Catholic Worker Movement is a collection of autonomous communities of Catholics and their associates founded by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin in the United States in 1933. Its aim is to \"live in accordance with the justice and charity of Jesus Christ\". One of its guiding principles is hospitality towards those on the margin of society, based on the principles of communitarianism and personalism. To this end, the movement claims over 240 local Catholic Worker communities providing social services. Each house has a different mission, going about the work of social justice in its own way, suited to its local region. Catholic Worker houses are not official organs of the Catholic Church, and their activities, inspired by Day's example, may be more or less overtly religious in tone and inspiration depending on the particular institution. The movement campaigns for nonviolence and is active in opposing both war and the unequal global distribution of wealth. Dorothy Day also founded \"The Catholic Worker\" newspaper, still published by the two Catholic Worker houses in New York City, and sold for a penny a copy. The Catholic Worker Movement started with the \"Catholic Worker\" newspaper, created by Dorothy Day to advance Catholic social teaching and stake out a neutral, Christian pacifist position in the war-torn 1930s. Day attempted to put her words from the \"Catholic Worker\" into action through \"houses of hospitality\" and then through a series of farms for people to live together on communes. The idea of voluntary poverty was advocated for those who volunteered to work at the houses of hospitality. Many people would come to the Catholic Workers for assistance, only to become Workers themselves. Initially, these houses of hospitality had little organization and no requirements for membership. As time passed, however, some basic rules and policies were established. Day appointed the directors of each of the houses, but tried to maintain autonomy in the actual running of the houses.", "Dorothy Day (plant physiologist) Dorothy Day (born 1896) was an American plant physiologist. Dorothy Day received an A.B. degree from Wellesley College in 1919; an M.S. from the University of Wisconsin in 1925; and her Ph.D. in plant physiology from that institution in 1927. She also attended the University of Chicago in 1929 and Cornell University in 1942\u20131943. Day's career encompassed positions in academia, with private corporations, and at government agencies. Her teaching work began in 1921, as an instructor at Hood College. She also taught and researched at the University of Wisconsin; Mills College; Smith College for twelve years, where she held the title of associate professor from 1937 to 1942; Cornell University; the University of Minnesota; MacMurray College, as associate professor from 1950 to 1952; Westminster College; and Brigham Young University as a visiting professor of botany in 1958 and 1960. During World War II, job opportunities for women expanded, and as a result, she took her first positions in private industry. She worked as a plant physiologist for the California Central Fibre Corporation (1943\u20131944); Alaska Research Laboratories as a microbiological consultant (1952\u20131954); and the Bio-Sci Information Exchange from 1954 to 1955. Day was a microbiologist with the Quartermaster Corps from 1946 to 1949, and a mycologist for the Naval Shipyard in Philadelphia in 1949. Her research interests included plant physiology, nutrition, and tissue culture. In September 1935, Day attended the sixth International Botanical Congress in Amsterdam.", "Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story Entertaining Angels : The Dorothy Day Story is a 1996 independent film about the life of Dorothy Day, the journalist turned social activist and founder of the \"Catholic Worker\" newspaper. The film stars Moira Kelly as Day, Heather Graham, Lenny Von Dohlen and Martin Sheen. Writer John Wells and actors Kelly and Sheen also collaborated in the NBC dramatic series \"The West Wing\". Kelly and Von Dohlen previously appeared in David Lynch's \"\"."], "answer": {"text": "She used them as examples because she insisted that the belief that \"all men are brothers\" required the Catholic to find the humanity in everyone without exception.", "answer_start": 343}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1fc9bc4bb20e45ec8d78b7928f803911_0_q#1", "question": "did the catholic find humanity in everyone?", "rewrite": "Did the catholic find humanity in everyone in \"All men are brothers\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Barbora Chud\u00edkov\u00e1 Barbora Chud\u00edkov\u00e1 (born 1978) is a Czech ski-orienteering competitor. She won a silver medal in the \"long distance\" at the 2009 World Ski Orienteering Championships, and a bronze medal in the relay (with Helena Rand\u00e1kov\u00e1 and Simona Karochov\u00e1).", "Gein's story grabbed the attention of McDonough and Gray as they were leafing through a book on murderers and true crime. Regarding Gein, McDonough commented, \"It seemed so impossible [for Gein] to bridge the gap into mainstream society. I found that exciting that I could find humanity in him\". The album's title derives from the technical term 'Median lethal dose', abbreviated LD50, used by toxicologists to refer to the dose required to kill half (50 percent of) the members of a tested population. A sound collage entitled \"L.D. 50\", composed and recorded by drummer Matthew McDonough, appears on the album as a series of interludes. The complete piece appeared as a bonus track on \"The Beginning of All Things to End\", Epic Records' reissue of the band's 1997 self-released EP \"Kill, I Oughtta\". The album also features distorted audio clips voiced by American philosopher and psychonaut, Terence McKenna, who died around the time of the album's recording. The musical style of \"L.D. 50\" has been primarily described as heavy metal or one of its subgenres. Allmusic described the album, in addition to heavy metal, as thrash, \"Exclaim! \" described the album as nu metal, \"Spin\" magazine has described the album as having a \"future-prog\" sound. \" The Rough Guide to Heavy Metal\" described the album's sound as art metal. \"L.D. 50\" was released on August 22, 2000. It peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Top Heatseekers chart and number 85 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The singles \"Dig\" and \"Death Blooms\" peaked at No. 33 and No. 32, respectively, on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "In the novel \"Foundation and Earth\", Golan Trevize, Janov Pelorat, and Blissenobiarella set out on a journey to find humanity's ancestral planet \u2014 Earth. The purpose of the journey is to settle Trevize's doubt about his decision at the end of \"Foundation's Edge\" to embrace the all-encompassing supermind of Galaxia. From \"Foundation's Edge\" it can be surmised that Galaxia culminates in about FE 800-900. (More precisely, R. Daneel Olivaw declines to merge with Janov Pelorat's mind as he is too old and will die in 30 to 40 years and elects instead to merge with that of Fallom who, being from Solaria, will live another 300 to 400 years, enough for the completion of Galaxia.) This allows for further interesting \"Foundation\" stories up to that date, if the Estate of Isaac Asimov were to authorize further stories (Vis-a-vis Donald Kingsbury's novel, \"Psychohistorical Crisis\"). However, it is noted by R. Daneel Olivaw in \"Foundation and Earth\" that it would take several more centuries to bring Galaxia about. Gamma Andromeda is a star system in which a nuclear meltdown occurred in 50 F.E., in \"Foundation\" by Isaac Asimov. The meltdown killed several million people and destroyed at least half the planet. It was caused by shoddy-made replacement parts and ill-done repairs performed several decades before. Following the incident on Gamma Andromeda V, the Galactic Empire considered severely limiting the use of nuclear power. Given that the real star Gamma Andromedae, or Almach, is 350 light years from Earth, Asimov may have had this name in mind when writing this line.", "This prompts the previous Doctors to reveal to the current Doctor a vital secret: the original creator of Earth, the closest thing to the concept of \"God\" that exists, has returned from a grand tour of the universe to find humanity as an unwanted infestation in its \"retirement home\". Thus \"God\" is terraforming Earth to be habitable for itself (and uninhabitable for humans) in time for the arrival of its person, which is an immense pyramid-shaped object the size of the Moon. The Engineer convinces the Carrier to leave Earth orbit. The Authority pilot the Carrier into the approaching \"God\" through a pore and manage to navigate to its brain. On the route they encounter the being's immune system as well as a civilization that has evolved from parasites over billions of years. During the closing minutes of December 31, 1999, Jenny Sparks carries out her final act as the Spirit of the Twentieth Century, electrocuting the creature's brain to death before dying in Jack Hawksmoor's arms. Now under Jack Hawksmoor's leadership, the Authority try but fail to capture Jenny Quantum, the newborn Spirit of the Twenty-First Century, already proven to be more powerful than Sparks ever was. Instead, she is taken by a superhero-creating mastermind, Dr. Jacob Krigstein, who wants Jenny so he can shape the next century through her. Swift cuts a deal for custody of Jenny with Krigstein, who is granted lab space aboard the Carrier, and the chance to exercise his imagination reforming the dictatorships the Authority overthrows. The Authority face the Earth itself, which is about to catastrophically reverse its magnetic poles, spurred on to do so by a former Doctor who was stripped of his powers when he went renegade.", "Foundation and Earth  Foundation and Earth is a science fiction novel by American writer Isaac Asimov, the fifth novel of the \"Foundation\" series and chronologically the last in the series. It was published in 1986, four years after the first sequel to the \"Foundation\" trilogy, which is titled \"Foundation's Edge\". Several centuries after the events of \"Second Foundation\", two citizens of the Foundation seek to find Earth, the legendary planet where humans are said to have originated. Even less is known about Earth than was the case in \"Foundation\", when scholars still seem to know the location of 'Sol'. The story follows on from \"Foundation's Edge\", but can be read as a complete work in itself. (It does, however, give away most of the mysteries around which \"Foundation's Edge\" is built.) Councilman Golan Trevize, historian Janov Pelorat, and Blissenobiarella of the planet Gaia (introduced in \"Foundation's Edge\") set out on a journey to find humanity's ancestral planet\u2014Earth. The purpose of the journey is to settle Trevize's doubt of his decision, at the end of \"Foundation's Edge\", to embrace the all-encompassing noosphere of Galaxia. First, they visit Comporellon, which claims to be the oldest currently inhabited planet in the galaxy. Upon arrival, they are imprisoned, but negotiate their way out. While there, a historian gives them the coordinates of three Spacer planets, surmised to be fairly close to Earth. The first Spacer planet they visit is Aurora, where Trevize is nearly killed by a pack of wild dogs, presumed to be the descendants of household pets reverted to wolf-like savagery."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does Dorothy Day's \"All men are brothers\" mean?", "answer": {"text": "She used them as examples because she insisted that the belief that \"all men are brothers\" required the Catholic to find the humanity in everyone without exception.", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fc9bc4bb20e45ec8d78b7928f803911_0_q#2", "question": "what was her biggest accomplishment?", "rewrite": "What was Dorothy Day's biggest accomplishment?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story Entertaining Angels : The Dorothy Day Story is a 1996 independent film about the life of Dorothy Day, the journalist turned social activist and founder of the \"Catholic Worker\" newspaper. The film stars Moira Kelly as Day, Heather Graham, Lenny Von Dohlen and Martin Sheen. Writer John Wells and actors Kelly and Sheen also collaborated in the NBC dramatic series \"The West Wing\". Kelly and Von Dohlen previously appeared in David Lynch's \"\".", "Catholic Worker Movement The Catholic Worker Movement is a collection of autonomous communities of Catholics and their associates founded by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin in the United States in 1933. Its aim is to \"live in accordance with the justice and charity of Jesus Christ\". One of its guiding principles is hospitality towards those on the margin of society, based on the principles of communitarianism and personalism. To this end, the movement claims over 240 local Catholic Worker communities providing social services. Each house has a different mission, going about the work of social justice in its own way, suited to its local region. Catholic Worker houses are not official organs of the Catholic Church, and their activities, inspired by Day's example, may be more or less overtly religious in tone and inspiration depending on the particular institution. The movement campaigns for nonviolence and is active in opposing both war and the unequal global distribution of wealth. Dorothy Day also founded \"The Catholic Worker\" newspaper, still published by the two Catholic Worker houses in New York City, and sold for a penny a copy. The Catholic Worker Movement started with the \"Catholic Worker\" newspaper, created by Dorothy Day to advance Catholic social teaching and stake out a neutral, Christian pacifist position in the war-torn 1930s. Day attempted to put her words from the \"Catholic Worker\" into action through \"houses of hospitality\" and then through a series of farms for people to live together on communes. The idea of voluntary poverty was advocated for those who volunteered to work at the houses of hospitality. Many people would come to the Catholic Workers for assistance, only to become Workers themselves. Initially, these houses of hospitality had little organization and no requirements for membership. As time passed, however, some basic rules and policies were established. Day appointed the directors of each of the houses, but tried to maintain autonomy in the actual running of the houses.", "He takes the viewpoint that all governments who wage war, and churches who in turn support those governments, are an affront to the Christian principles of nonviolence. Although Tolstoy never actually used the term \"Christian anarchism\" in \" The Kingdom of God Is Within You\", reviews of this book following its publication in 1894 appear to have coined the term. Antireligious former priest Thomas J. Hagerty was a primary author of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) Preamble (\"an injury to one is an injury to all\"). IWW members included Christian anarchists like Dorothy Day and Ammon Hennacy. Day was a journalist turned social activist who became known for her social justice campaigns in defense of the poor. Alongside Peter Maurin, she founded the Catholic Worker Movement in 1933, espousing nonviolence, and hospitality for the impoverished and downtrodden. Dorothy Day was declared Servant of God when a cause for sainthood was opened for her by Pope John Paul II. Dorothy Day's Distributist economic views are very similar to Proudhon's mutualism whom she was influenced by. Day also named the phrase \"precarious work\" based on former anarcho-communist L\u00e9once Crenier's embrace of poverty. Peter Maurin's vision to transform the social order consisted of establishing urban houses of hospitality to care for the destitute; rural farming communities to teach city dwellers agrarianism and encourage a movement back-to-the-land; and roundtable discussions in community centres to clarify thought and initiate action. With some notable exceptions, such as the Catholic Worker Movement, many Christian anarchists are critical of Church dogma and rituals.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter The Dorothy Day shelter is a homeless shelter campus in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The project is centered around the site of the Dorothy Day Center built in downtown Saint Paul in 1981. The shelter is named after American Catholic and social activist Dorothy Day. The Dorothy Day Center started as a drop-in center for meals to help the homeless population in downtown Saint Paul. The facility is operated by Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis in coordination with Ramsey County, Minnesota. The new Higher Ground St. Paul facility was planned to provide around twice as much space as the Dorothy Day Center. Construction on the Higher Ground St. Paul housing program began in 2015 and was opened on January, 2017 located next to the Dorothy Day Center site. The Higher Ground facility serves the downtown Saint Paul homeless population by providing emergency shelter as well as more permanent housing. The original Dorothy Day Center was demolished on September, 2017. The new Saint Paul Opportunity Center and Dorothy Day Residence facility under construction on the previous Dorothy Day Center location is expected to be completed by July 2019. The Dorothy Day Center provided approximately eight million meals to the community during the duration of its operations over 36 years. The original Dorothy Day Center was built in 1981. In 1989, the center received a funding grant of $2.97 million from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to build 75 federally subsidized rooms at the Mary Hall building nearby. The funding would pay for the restoration of two floors in the building as well as for use by Catholic Charities for rental assistance. The Mary Hall building also provides a 25-person emergency shelter. The Mary Hall building is located near the St. Joseph's Hospital. During planning meetings for the new expansion in 2013, former Saint Paul Mayor Chris Coleman announced a \"reVision\" expansion campaign. During the discussion, the new center expansion faced notable opposition during planning to relocate away from the Saint Paul downtown.", "Dorothy Day (plant physiologist) Dorothy Day (born 1896) was an American plant physiologist. Dorothy Day received an A.B. degree from Wellesley College in 1919; an M.S. from the University of Wisconsin in 1925; and her Ph.D. in plant physiology from that institution in 1927. She also attended the University of Chicago in 1929 and Cornell University in 1942\u20131943. Day's career encompassed positions in academia, with private corporations, and at government agencies. Her teaching work began in 1921, as an instructor at Hood College. She also taught and researched at the University of Wisconsin; Mills College; Smith College for twelve years, where she held the title of associate professor from 1937 to 1942; Cornell University; the University of Minnesota; MacMurray College, as associate professor from 1950 to 1952; Westminster College; and Brigham Young University as a visiting professor of botany in 1958 and 1960. During World War II, job opportunities for women expanded, and as a result, she took her first positions in private industry. She worked as a plant physiologist for the California Central Fibre Corporation (1943\u20131944); Alaska Research Laboratories as a microbiological consultant (1952\u20131954); and the Bio-Sci Information Exchange from 1954 to 1955. Day was a microbiologist with the Quartermaster Corps from 1946 to 1949, and a mycologist for the Naval Shipyard in Philadelphia in 1949. Her research interests included plant physiology, nutrition, and tissue culture. In September 1935, Day attended the sixth International Botanical Congress in Amsterdam."], "answer": {"text": "In the Catholic Worker in May 1951, Day wrote that Marx, Lenin, and Mao Tse-Tung \"were animated by the love of brother", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does Dorothy Day's \"All men are brothers\" mean?", "answer": {"text": "She used them as examples because she insisted that the belief that \"all men are brothers\" required the Catholic to find the humanity in everyone without exception.", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the catholic find humanity in everyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fc9bc4bb20e45ec8d78b7928f803911_0_q#3", "question": "what else did she write?", "rewrite": "Aside from what Doris Day wrote in the Catholic Worker in May 1951, what else did Dorothy Day write?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Catholic Worker The Catholic Worker is a newspaper published seven times a year by the Catholic Worker Movement community in New York City. The newspaper was started by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin to make people aware of church teaching on social justice. Day said the word \"Worker\" in the paper's title referred to \"those who worked with hand or brain, those who did physical, mental, or spiritual work. But we thought primarily of the poor, the dispossessed, the exploited. \" When Communism was popular in the United States during the Great Depression, Day and Maurin wanted to teach what they thought was a well kept secret: the very progressive teaching of the church, so that the poor, mostly Catholic, would turn to their own tradition for the solution. It first appeared on May first, 1933 in an edition of 2,500 copies, to make people aware of the social justice teaching of the Catholic Church as an alternative to Communism during the depression. Its stated goal was to comfort the afflicted and to afflict the comfortable. Circulation rapidly rose to 25,000 within a few months, and reached 150,000 by 1936. Dorothy Day was the editor of \"Catholic Worker\" until her death in 1980. The price per issue has always been one cent. The official annual subscription price in 2009 is 25 cents. Writers for the paper have ranged from young volunteers to such notable figures as Ammon Hennacy, Thomas Merton, Daniel Berrigan, Jeremy Scahill, Karl Meyer, Robert Coles, and Jacques Maritain. Ade Bethune and Fritz Eichenberg have frequently contributed illustrations.", "Because of this policy, the houses varied in both size and character: in the 1930s, the St. Louis Workers served 3400 people a day while the Detroit Workers served around 600 a day. The \"Catholic Worker\" newspaper spread the idea to other cities in the United States, as well as to Canada and the United Kingdom, through the reports printed by those who had experienced working in the houses of hospitality. More than 30 independent but affiliated communities had been founded by 1941. Between 1965-1980 an additional 76 communities were founded with 35 of these still in existence today, such as the \"Hippie Kitchen\" founded in the back of a van by two Catholic Workers on Skid Row, Los Angeles in the 1970s. Well over 200 communities exist today, including several in Australia, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, the Republic of Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, and Sweden. Co-founder Dorothy Day, who died in 1980, is currently under consideration for sainthood by the Catholic Church. In literature, in Michael Paraskos's 2017 novel, \"Rabbitman\", a political satire prompted by Donald Trump's presidency, the heroine, called Angela Witney, is a member of an imagined Catholic Worker commune located in the southern English village of Ditchling, where the artist Eric Gill once lived. \"Our rule is the works of mercy,\" said Dorothy Day. \"It is the way of sacrifice, worship, a sense of reverence.\" According to co-founder Peter Maurin, the following are the beliefs of the Catholic Worker: The radical philosophy of the group can be described as Christian anarchism. Anne Klejment, a history lecturer at the University of St. Thomas, wrote of the movement: Families have had a variety of roles in the Catholic Worker movement.", "Catholic Worker Movement The Catholic Worker Movement is a collection of autonomous communities of Catholics and their associates founded by Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin in the United States in 1933. Its aim is to \"live in accordance with the justice and charity of Jesus Christ\". One of its guiding principles is hospitality towards those on the margin of society, based on the principles of communitarianism and personalism. To this end, the movement claims over 240 local Catholic Worker communities providing social services. Each house has a different mission, going about the work of social justice in its own way, suited to its local region. Catholic Worker houses are not official organs of the Catholic Church, and their activities, inspired by Day's example, may be more or less overtly religious in tone and inspiration depending on the particular institution. The movement campaigns for nonviolence and is active in opposing both war and the unequal global distribution of wealth. Dorothy Day also founded \"The Catholic Worker\" newspaper, still published by the two Catholic Worker houses in New York City, and sold for a penny a copy. The Catholic Worker Movement started with the \"Catholic Worker\" newspaper, created by Dorothy Day to advance Catholic social teaching and stake out a neutral, Christian pacifist position in the war-torn 1930s. Day attempted to put her words from the \"Catholic Worker\" into action through \"houses of hospitality\" and then through a series of farms for people to live together on communes. The idea of voluntary poverty was advocated for those who volunteered to work at the houses of hospitality. Many people would come to the Catholic Workers for assistance, only to become Workers themselves. Initially, these houses of hospitality had little organization and no requirements for membership. As time passed, however, some basic rules and policies were established. Day appointed the directors of each of the houses, but tried to maintain autonomy in the actual running of the houses.", "Dorothy Day homeless shelter The Dorothy Day shelter is a homeless shelter campus in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The project is centered around the site of the Dorothy Day Center built in downtown Saint Paul in 1981. The shelter is named after American Catholic and social activist Dorothy Day. The Dorothy Day Center started as a drop-in center for meals to help the homeless population in downtown Saint Paul. The facility is operated by Catholic Charities of St. Paul and Minneapolis in coordination with Ramsey County, Minnesota. The new Higher Ground St. Paul facility was planned to provide around twice as much space as the Dorothy Day Center. Construction on the Higher Ground St. Paul housing program began in 2015 and was opened on January, 2017 located next to the Dorothy Day Center site. The Higher Ground facility serves the downtown Saint Paul homeless population by providing emergency shelter as well as more permanent housing. The original Dorothy Day Center was demolished on September, 2017. The new Saint Paul Opportunity Center and Dorothy Day Residence facility under construction on the previous Dorothy Day Center location is expected to be completed by July 2019. The Dorothy Day Center provided approximately eight million meals to the community during the duration of its operations over 36 years. The original Dorothy Day Center was built in 1981. In 1989, the center received a funding grant of $2.97 million from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to build 75 federally subsidized rooms at the Mary Hall building nearby. The funding would pay for the restoration of two floors in the building as well as for use by Catholic Charities for rental assistance. The Mary Hall building also provides a 25-person emergency shelter. The Mary Hall building is located near the St. Joseph's Hospital. During planning meetings for the new expansion in 2013, former Saint Paul Mayor Chris Coleman announced a \"reVision\" expansion campaign. During the discussion, the new center expansion faced notable opposition during planning to relocate away from the Saint Paul downtown.", "Judith Palache Gregory Judith Palache Gregory (1932\u20132017), also known as Judith Gregory, was an American writer, counselor, educator, and permaculturalist, who served as executor for Dorothy Day after lifelong friendship that began with her editing for the \"Catholic Worker\". Judith Palache Gregory was born in Chicago, Illinois, on February 26, 1932. Her parents were Charles O. Gregory, a labor lawyer and law professor, and Mary Palache, daughter of American mineralogist Charles Palache. Her brother was David Gregory. She attended the University of Chicago Laboratory School and Putney School. She obtained an A.B. from Radcliffe College in 1955 and M.Ed. from the University of Virginia in 1962. During graduate school, Gregory worked at the Putney Graduate School of Teacher Education from 1957 to 1958, Highlander Folk School in 1958, and at the \"Catholic Worker\" from 1959 to 1962. In 1959, Day recorded in \"Catholic Worker\", \"Judith Gregory is, at present, in Tennessee, working for a while with Highland Folk School, which is fighting injustice and malice and evil on the interracial front.\" After completing her M.Ed., she worked at the Harvard College Bureau of Study Counsel from 1962 to 1973. From 1960 to 1970, she served as an editor for the \"Catholic Worker\". In her diary, Dorothy Day recorded her wish that Gregory become her executor: To Dorothy Tully to sign will. Judith [Gregory] is responsible if Chas and I both die.<br> Then to lunch with Chas... Delightful day. Day also described her: When Judy is in the city working at St. Joseph's House, she keeps her nose buried in desk work."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does Dorothy Day's \"All men are brothers\" mean?", "answer": {"text": "She used them as examples because she insisted that the belief that \"all men are brothers\" required the Catholic to find the humanity in everyone without exception.", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the catholic find humanity in everyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In the Catholic Worker in May 1951, Day wrote that Marx, Lenin, and Mao Tse-Tung \"were animated by the love of brother", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fc9bc4bb20e45ec8d78b7928f803911_0_q#4", "question": "what is the most important fact in this article?", "rewrite": "What is the most important fact in \"All men are brothers\" ?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The fixed object could also include a bridge or dock. While there is no huge difference between the two terminologies and often they are even used interchangeably, it is important to determine the difference because it helps clarify the circumstances of emergencies and adapt accordingly. In the case of \"Vane Line Bunkering, Inc. v. Natalie D M/V,\" it was established that there was the presumption that the moving vessel is at fault, stating that \"\"presumption derives from the common-sense observation that moving vessels do not usually collide with stationary objects unless the [moving] vessel is mishandled in some way.\" \u201d This is also referred to as \"The Oregon Rule.\" Relatively few problems involving collisions can be solved analytically; the remainder require numerical methods. An important problem in simulating collisions is determining whether two objects have in fact collided. This problem is called collision detection. Collisions play an important role in cue sports. Because the collisions between billiard balls are nearly elastic, and the balls roll on a surface that produces low rolling friction, their behavior is often used to illustrate Newton's laws of motion. After a zero-friction collision of a moving ball with a stationary one of equal mass, the angle between the directions of the two balls is 90 degrees. This is an important fact that professional billiards players take into account, although it assumes the ball is moving frictionlessly across the table rather than rolling with friction. Consider an elastic collision in 2 dimensions of any 2 masses m and m, with respective initial velocities u and u where u = 0, and final velocities V and V. Conservation of momentum gives mu = mV+ mV. Conservation of energy for an elastic collision gives (1/2)m|u| = (1/2)m|V| + (1/2)m|V|.", "The extraordinary efforts by which the Fraternity survived are another and longer story; the important fact is that Phi Sig did survive. The 1948 Convention in Boston marked the 75th anniversary of the founding. There were 52 active chapters; the Phi Sigma Kappa Foundation had been established, primarily to reward good scholarship among brothers; and \"The Signet\" was guaranteed to all members for life under a plan that had few parallels in the Greek world at that time. D. R. ( Spec) Collins of Iowa, one of the Fraternity's most dynamic leaders of the post-World War II years, reaffirmed the heritage in more modern terms: \" \"The Founders very wisely developed the ritual and philosophy of the fraternity on the basis of service to its members. The Cardinal Principles of Phi Sigma Kappa are the development of brotherhood, scholarship and character ... There is nothing in our Cardinal Principles about prestige, the most beautiful house, the best social program, [being] ' number one on campus' in intramurals, activities, etc. These are all frosting on the cake. A fraternity chapter which truly serves its purpose helps its members in their own personal development. Thus I do not believe a chapter, which pledges students who are already top scholars and which wins a scholarship cup year-in and year-out, performs any distinctive service. That chapter which pledges average students, however, and encourages them in developing their own academic capabilities to the utmost, deserves the scholarship cup. The same is true of character. If we pledge only the most polished and mature individuals, there is little left for the chapter to do for these people. The fraternity can and should take average college students and help them develop their own character, and help them learn to live together in brotherhood.\" \"  \"\"My fraternity did something for me when I was in school.", "An important fact is the heterogeneity of the population, a fact that dates from the year 711 when part of the peninsula was conquered by the Muslims, whose last governors were expelled from the last of their possessions in 1492 during the Reconquista. Later, the period was characterized by its vitality and renovation. The Inquisition became an organ which also depended on the State and not only on the Church. One can speak of erudition since the Catholic Monarchs. Within this period the first important author is Antonio de Nebrija (1442-1522), with his Spanish grammar. In 1492, he published the first book of grammar in the Spanish language (titled \"Gram\u00e1tica Castellana\" in Spanish), which was the first grammar produced by any Romance language. At this time, Castilian became Spanish, the official language of Spain, replacing Latin. A great patron during humanism was cardinal Gonzalo Jim\u00e9nez de Cisneros, whose humble origin contrasts with his austere character and with the fact that he put his greatest effort in reforming the indisciplined customs of the religious orders. He thought that the reform had to be the fruit of an educational reform, and although not an erudite, he was the maximum protector of the new studies. In 1498 he founded the University of Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, that surpassed in prestige and influence all the others except the University of Salamanca, its greatest rival. The direction of his reform agreed partly with the ideas of Erasmo in a moment in which these were the booming doctrines in Europe and Spain. During this time a work like the one by Pedro Mex\u00eda was common, who compiled miscellaneous scientific information.", "\"One thing is clear \u2014 the mythos of the Hindus, the mythos of the Jews and the mythos of the Greeks are all at bottom the same; and what are called their early histories are not histories of humankind, but are contrivances under the appearance of histories to perpetuate doctrines.\" (Higgins, \"Anacalypsis\") Here is Graves' main list, arranged chronologically: He also lists a number of other holy figures who took the form of men and then ascended into heaven, including:   The book claims that a number of these deities or god-men shared at least some traits of Jesus as described in the New Testament, drawing the strongest similarities with Krishna. For example, some figures had miraculous or virgin births, were sons of supreme gods, were born on December 25, had stars point to their birthplaces, were visited by shepherds and magi as infants, fled from death as children, exhibited traits of divinity in childhood, spent time in the desert, traveled as they taught, had disciples, performed miracles, were persecuted, were crucified, descended into hell after death, appeared as resurrections or apparitions, or ascended into heaven. Graves also devotes chapters to the pagan roots of baptism and the eucharist, and concludes that Jesus was not a real person. Here I desire to impress upon the minds of my clerical brethren the important fact, that the gospel histories of Christ were written by men who had formerly been Jews (see Acts xxi. 20), and probably possessing the strong proclivity to imitate and borrow which their bible shows was characteristic of that nation ; and being written many years after Christ's death, according to that standard Christian author, Dr. Lardner, it was impossible, under such circumstances, for them to separate (if they had desired to)", "Rip Hunter explained this anomaly to key DC heroes when he revealed the existence of Hypertime, a mass of alternate timelines, which he had kept secret from the Linear Men due to their inability to accept its existence, subsequently going on the run from his former colleagues after he took the Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman from the year 2020- along with the children of various other heroes- back in time to 1999 to help the younger 'Trinity' stop Gog. The Linear Men help Superman fight the threat of Dominus. They are featured heavily in the comic book title \"Chronos\", which featured Walker Gabriel. Gabriel is accused of the murder of a Linear Man agent. Another Linear Agent pursues the protagonist throughout time, including the town of Smallville during its very early 'Wild West' days. This agent is also opposed by a small, time-traveling troupe of entertainers. This series also noted a rather important fact to the Linear Men: they are not aware of the Crisis on Infinite Earths, while this small group does know about the former multiverse, as noted by the villain Konstantin Vyronis. Rip Hunter eventually locks the Linear Men away for unknown reasons. In the \"\" limited series, it is revealed that Rip and the Linear Men were never in agreement about how to handle time and that Rip, tired of the Linear Men's interference, locked them away in a cell at Vanishing Point. Later, Matthew Ryder and Liri Lee are freed from their imprisonment by the Time Stealers: Black Beetle, Despero, Per Degaton and Ultra-Humanite. Black Beetle intends to use the Linear Men to bring Waverider to life. But Supernova prevents Black Beetle from dystopia and sends the Time Stealers back to the present. However, Black Beetle is able to escape, and the Linear Men go with him."], "answer": {"text": "Let me say, at the risk of seeming ridiculous, that the true revolutionary is guided by great feelings of love.\" Che Guevara wrote this,", "answer_start": 1491}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does Dorothy Day's \"All men are brothers\" mean?", "answer": {"text": "She used them as examples because she insisted that the belief that \"all men are brothers\" required the Catholic to find the humanity in everyone without exception.", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the catholic find humanity in everyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In the Catholic Worker in May 1951, Day wrote that Marx, Lenin, and Mao Tse-Tung \"were animated by the love of brother", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did she write?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1fc9bc4bb20e45ec8d78b7928f803911_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides the true revolutionary being guided by great feelings of love, are there any other interesting aspects about the article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the Catholic Worker in May 1951, Day wrote that Marx, Lenin, and Mao Tse-Tung \"were animated by the love of brother and this we must believe though their ends meant the seizure of power, and the building of mighty armies, the compulsion of concentration camps, the forced labor and torture and killing of tens of thousands, even millions.\" She used them as examples because she insisted that the belief that \"all men are brothers\" required the Catholic to find the humanity in everyone without exception. She explained that she understood the jarring impact of such an assertion:  Peter Maurin was constantly restating our position, and finding authorities from all faiths, and races, all authorities. He used to embarrass us sometimes by dragging in Marshall Petain and Fr. Coughlin and citing something good they had said, even when we were combating the point of view they were representing. Just as we shock people by quoting Marx, Lenin, Mao-Tse-Tung, or Ramakrishna to restate the case for our common humanity, the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God. In 1970, Day emulated Maurin when she wrote:  the two words [anarchist-pacifist] should go together, especially at this time when more and more people, even priests, are turning to violence, and are finding their heroes in Camillo Torres among the priests, and Che Guevara among laymen. The attraction is strong, because both men literally laid down their lives for their brothers. \"Greater love hath no man than this.\" \"Let me say, at the risk of seeming ridiculous, that the true revolutionary is guided by great feelings of love.\" Che Guevara wrote this, and he is quoted by Chicano youth in El Grito Del Norte.", "Aleida March Aleida March (born 19 October 1936) was Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara's second wife, and a member of Castro's Cuban army. Aleida March was an active combatant in Che Guevara's Lightning Campaign in December 1958. She was present at the battle for Las Villas in which Column 8 of the 26th of July Movement was ordered by Fidel Castro to paralyze the occupying military forces of President Fulgencio Batista in the province. Her marriage with Che Guevara is reported to have happened both on 23 March 1959 and 2 June 1959, after his divorce from Hilda Gadea. A civil ceremony was held at La Caba\u00f1a military fortress. After the 2 June marriage, Guevara and Aleida went to Tarara, a seaside resort town 20 kilometers from Havana for their honeymoon. The couple had four children together: Aleida, Camilo, Celia, and Ernesto. She is the author of the book \"Evocation\" which is about her falling in love with and marrying Che Guevara, and raising their four children after his death. She also wrote \"Remembering Che: My Life with Che Guevara\", published in 2012. \"We had some most enjoyable times within the maelstrom of the war, and those moments brought us all closer together. They helped us get to know each other as we really were. Some of us were naive, others, very clever; we were all young and full of hope for a future victory. We took every chance to have fun. I remember Che later wrote: ' At the risk of seeming ridiculous, let me say that the true revolutionary is guided by a great feeling of love. It is impossible to think of a genuine revolutionary lacking this quality.'\"", "Revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates revolution. Also, when used as an adjective, the term \"revolutionary\" refers to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor. The term\u2014both as a noun and adjective\u2014is usually applied to the field of politics, and is occasionally used in the context of science, invention or art. In politics, a revolutionary is someone who supports abrupt, rapid, and drastic change, while a reformist is someone who supports more gradual and incremental change. A conservative is someone who generally opposes such changes. A reactionary is someone who wants things to go back to the way they were before the change has happened. According to sociologist James Chowning Davies, political revolutionaries may be classified in two ways: The revolutionary anarchist Sergey Nechayev argued in \"Catechism of a Revolutionary\": \"The revolutionary is a doomed man. He has no private interests, no affairs, sentiments, ties, property nor even a name of his own. His entire being is devoured by one purpose, one thought, one passion - the revolution. Heart and soul, not merely by word but by deed, he has severed every link with the social order and with the entire civilized world; with the laws, good manners, conventions, and morality of that world. He is its merciless enemy and continues to inhabit it with only one purpose - to destroy it.\" According to Che Guevara: \"At the risk of seeming ridiculous, let me say that the true revolutionary is guided by a great feeling of love. It is impossible to think of a true revolutionary lacking in this quality\" According to the Marxist Internet Archive a revolutionary \"amplif[ies] the differences and conflicts caused by technological advances in society.", "She said the sudden responsibilities they faced, the need to make the right decisions, and the fact they both grieved over past lovers helped connect them further, and it is a connection they do not have with others. Rothenberg originally stated that while he would not go as far to say that it was love at first sight for Lexa, \"it definitely was a bit of a thunderbolt moment for her when she first saw Clarke.\" He said Clarke's attraction to Lexa \"developed a little bit more slowly, but by the end [...] they were very much intrigued at the possibility of a romantic relationship.\" He later said \"Lexa was definitely smitten\u2014like love at first sight, probably\", but maintained it took longer for Clarke to develop romantic feelings for Lexa. Debnam-Carey considered the characters being \"very adaptable\" as one of the interesting aspects of their dynamic. Sacrifices the characters make are \"for a much greater goal in the end\". They have also \"taken characteristics from each other,\" with Lexa becoming more trusting and learning that love can be empowering, and Clarke becoming more ruthless. \"It's very interesting to see the way they ebb and flow with each other,\" said Debnam-Carey. Of Lexa possibly putting Clarke first instead of her own people, she said perhaps if \"Clarke was able to assimilate to their culture as well and become more of a right-hand man, then maybe I think Lexa could\u2014then that would be a merger of two people. \" Lexa's weaknesses, as indicated by Debnam-Carey, are her feelings for her people and Clarke. Debnam-Carey appreciated the fact the writers did not make a big deal of defining either characters' sexuality or their romantic relationship.", "During this voyage, he wrote a letter to Carlos Quijano, editor of a Uruguayan weekly, which was later retitled \"Socialism and Man in Cuba\". Outlined in the treatise was Guevara's summons for the creation of a new consciousness, a new status of work, and a new role of the individual. He also laid out the reasoning behind his anti-capitalist sentiments, stating:  Guevara ended the essay by declaring that \"the true revolutionary is guided by a great feeling of love\" and beckoning on all revolutionaries to \"strive every day so that this love of living humanity will be transformed into acts that serve as examples\", thus becoming \"a moving force\". The genesis for Guevara's assertions relied on the fact that he believed the example of the Cuban Revolution was \"something spiritual that would transcend all borders\". In Algiers, Algeria, on 24 February 1965, Guevara made what turned out to be his last public appearance on the international stage when he delivered a speech at an economic seminar on Afro-Asian solidarity. He specified the moral duty of the socialist countries, accusing them of tacit complicity with the exploiting Western countries. He proceeded to outline a number of measures which he said the communist-bloc countries must implement in order to accomplish the defeat of imperialism. Having criticized the Soviet Union (the primary financial backer of Cuba) in such a public manner, he returned to Cuba on 14 March to a solemn reception by Fidel and Ra\u00fal Castro, Osvaldo Dortic\u00f3s and Carlos Rafael Rodr\u00edguez at the Havana airport. As revealed in his last public speech in Algiers, Guevara had come to view the Northern Hemisphere, led by the U.S. in the West and the Soviet Union in the East, as the exploiter of the Southern Hemisphere."], "answer": {"text": "Peter Maurin was constantly restating our position, and finding authorities from all faiths, and races, all authorities.", "answer_start": 584}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What does Dorothy Day's \"All men are brothers\" mean?", "answer": {"text": "She used them as examples because she insisted that the belief that \"all men are brothers\" required the Catholic to find the humanity in everyone without exception.", "answer_start": 343, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the catholic find humanity in everyone?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her biggest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In the Catholic Worker in May 1951, Day wrote that Marx, Lenin, and Mao Tse-Tung \"were animated by the love of brother", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else did she write?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most important fact in this article?", "answer": {"text": "Let me say, at the risk of seeming ridiculous, that the true revolutionary is guided by great feelings of love.\" Che Guevara wrote this,", "answer_start": 1491, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_178467461df54cdabdf116ce17eba2e9_0_q#0", "question": "When did Pankaj Advani start playing Snooker?", "rewrite": "When did Pankaj Advani start playing Snooker?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Gary Wilson (snooker player) Gary Wilson (born 11 August 1985) is an English professional snooker player from Wallsend in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear. Wilson started playing snooker aged three and soon started showing promise. At the age of 8 he had already been put into a team performing in the local league, despite some clubs refusing to allow a child to play. Aged 9, he made his first century, and appeared for the first time at the BBC1's snooker game show series \"Junior Big Break: Stars of the Future\" (he would make two more appearances at the show). He played exhibition matches with John Parrott and Willie Thorne and defeated Jimmy White and Ronnie O'Sullivan in level matches. Wilson went on to win a number of national titles, including the UK Under-18 championship twice, and was widely regarded as one of the most promising junior players in the country. in 2003 Wilson made his international debut in at the European U-19's Championship in Latvia. The same year he started his professional career by playing Challenge Tour, the second-level professional tour at the time, and won the fourth event in 2004 to finish fourth in the rankings and secure his place on the main tour for 2004/2005 season. Wilson's biggest achievement that year however was the victory at the World Under-21 Snooker Championship in Ireland. Having won all seven of his round robin matches, dropping just two frames along the way, he then went all the way to the final, defeating the likes of Pankaj Advani, Aditya Mehta and Liang Wenbo. In the final Wilson saw off Kobkit Palajin with top breaks of 142 and 135 to win 11\u20135. In his debut season Wilson reached the last 48 of the Irish Masters and last 64 of the China Open. These results were just enough to ensure that he would remain on tour for another year.", "He became the first person in the world to win the trio of the WPBSA World Billiards Champion pro title (which he has held twice, in 2009 & 2012), and the IBSF World Billiards Champion amateur title, as well as the IBSM World Snooker Champion amateur title. In April 2012, Advani won the Asian Billiards Championship in Goa, India to become the first player to win 5 Asian Billiards Champion titles. This takes his total tally of international majors to 17 \u2013 8 Worlds, 5 Asian Billiards, 2 Asian Games Golds, 1 Australian Open and 1 Asian Team. It was announced in May that Advani had accepted the Indian wildcard place on the main snooker tour for the 2012/2013 season. In October 2012, in Leeds, England, Advani won his seventh (counting professional and amateur) World Billiards Championship title, eighth world title overall, beating defending and nine-time WPBSA World Billiards Champion Mike Russell again, in the timed division final (Advani did not make it to the points division final). On 14 August 2014, Advani helped win the first ever World Team Billiards Championship held in Glasgow, Scotland, along with Rupesh Shan, Devendra Joshi and Ashok Shandilya. On 2 February 2017, Pankaj Advani won his 29th National Championship Title at the PYC Hindu Gymkhana in Pune, India. This gave him a 39 match-winning streak. Overall, as of 2017 Advani had won 60 titles: 19 world titles; 8 Asian titles; 2 Asian Games titles; 1 Australian Open title and 30 national titles. Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship \u2013 Men's  The 2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship is an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 9 November to 21 November 2015 in Hurghada, Egypt. It was the 41st edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. The event was originally due to take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, however due to the Metrojet Flight 9268 crash the tournament was relocated to Hurghada. Because of this many competitors withdrew from the competition amid safety fears, Including the entire Libyan, Russian, South Korean and Sri Lankan teams. This ended up leaving some of the groups featuring as little as four players who would subsequently all qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament regardless of their results in the group stage. The final would go on to feature a contest between 2003 IBSF World Snooker Champion Pankaj Advani and Chinese player Zhao Xintong who had previously reached the 2013 IBSF World Snooker Championship final before losing 8\u20134 to fellow country man Zhou Yuelong. Number 6 seed Advani would eventually go on to win the championship defeating Xintong 8\u20136 in the final. Following the tournaments result Advani was offered a two-year card on the professional World Snooker Tour for the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. Advani had previously played on World Snooker Tour up until September 2014, when he announced that he was relinquishing his snooker tour card in order to concentrate on his billiards career and spend more time with his family. Best of 7 frames  Best of 7 frames", "Overall, Lyu could not recapture his form of last season as he won just two matches in three Asian Tour events and none in five European Tour events which contributed to his relegation from the snooker tour at the end of the season as he finished it 81st in the world rankings. In a subsequent interview he reflected he had been too young, and had become lonely and disoriented living in England without speaking much English. After the disappointment of relegation from the main tour, Lyu stopped playing snooker for 6 months, making a return in the Haining Open, where he overcame Mike Dunn 4\u20132, Sanderson Lam 4\u20131 and Ma Bing 4\u20132, before losing 4\u20131 to Ricky Walden in the fourth round. In December 2015 Lyu played in the Chinese Youth Tour, losing to Zhou Yuelong in the quarter-finals. In January, Lyu won the China City Snooker Club League singles title, beating Luo Honghao 5-0 in the final. He entered Q School, but failed to win enough games to rejoin the tour. Lyu continued to achieve strong results in domestic snooker and 9-ball pool. On 12 January, Lyu made a maximum 147 break in a China City Snooker Club League match, playing for Zhejiang Jiaxing club. Encouraged by his long-time coach Pang Weiguo, Lyu entered the 2017 Asian Championship, and on 28 April 2017 won the ACBS Asian Snooker Championship held in Doha, beating Pankaj Advani in the final 6-3. As a result, he qualified for the 2017-18 tour. Lyu's first wins came in qualifying rounds for the European Masters and the Shanghai Masters. Lyu won a Gold Medal in the 2017 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, playing 9-ball pool scotch doubles with experienced partner Liu Haitao.", "Pankaj Advani (billiards player) Pankaj Arjan Advani (born 24 July 1985) is an Indian billiards and snooker player. He is a 23-time World Champion and has achieved a hat-trick of hat-tricks in English billiards, holding the World, Asian, and Indian National Championship titles simultaneously, in five different years: 2005, 2008 , 2012, 2017 and recently in 2019. He became a snooker professional in 2012, and his first season on the main tour was the 2012/2013 season. Advani won the 2014 IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship, on his debut in that discipline. As such he is currently the only player ever to win world titles in both the long and short formats of snooker (15-red standard, and 6-red) and both formats of English billiards (time and point). Advani is also India's first world champion in 6-red snooker. Since 2014, Advani has focused solely on English billiards. In recognition of his achievements, the Government of India has bestowed several awards upon Advani: the Arjuna Award in 2004, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2006, Padma Shri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018. Pankaj Advani was born on 24 July 1985 in Pune, India. Advani spent his initial years in Kuwait before moving to Bangalore, India. He received his education at the Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore and completed his bachelor's degree in Commerce from Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College. He received training in snooker from former national Snooker champion Arvind Savur. At the age of 10 his acumen for snooker came to the notice of Arvind Savur after being introduced to the sport by his elder brother Dr. Shree Advani, a noted Sport & Performance Psychologist."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_178467461df54cdabdf116ce17eba2e9_0_q#1", "question": "Did he win a Snooker tournament?", "rewrite": "Did Pankaj Advani win a Snooker tournament?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship The 2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship was an amateur snooker tournament which took place from 9 November to 21 November 2015 in Hurghada, Egypt. It will be the 41st edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubles as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. The men's tournament was won by Pankaj Advani of India who won his second IBSF World Snooker Championship, defeating 2013 runner-up Zhao Xintong 8\u20136 in the final. Wendy Jans won the women's tournament by defeating Anastasia Nechaeva 5\u20131 in the final. This victory was Jans fourth consecutive tournament win and her fifth overall. The tournament was an event run by the International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF). The event was originally due to take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, however due to the Metrojet Flight 9268 crash the tournament was relocated to Hurghada. Because of this many competitors withdrew from the competition amid safety fears and this ended up leaving some of the groups featuring as little as four players who would subsequently all qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament regardless of their results in the group stage. The men's event also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour.", "Pankaj Advani (billiards player) Pankaj Arjan Advani (born 24 July 1985) is an Indian billiards and snooker player. He is a 23-time World Champion and has achieved a hat-trick of hat-tricks in English billiards, holding the World, Asian, and Indian National Championship titles simultaneously, in five different years: 2005, 2008 , 2012, 2017 and recently in 2019. He became a snooker professional in 2012, and his first season on the main tour was the 2012/2013 season. Advani won the 2014 IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship, on his debut in that discipline. As such he is currently the only player ever to win world titles in both the long and short formats of snooker (15-red standard, and 6-red) and both formats of English billiards (time and point). Advani is also India's first world champion in 6-red snooker. Since 2014, Advani has focused solely on English billiards. In recognition of his achievements, the Government of India has bestowed several awards upon Advani: the Arjuna Award in 2004, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2006, Padma Shri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018. Pankaj Advani was born on 24 July 1985 in Pune, India. Advani spent his initial years in Kuwait before moving to Bangalore, India. He received his education at the Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore and completed his bachelor's degree in Commerce from Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College. He received training in snooker from former national Snooker champion Arvind Savur. At the age of 10 his acumen for snooker came to the notice of Arvind Savur after being introduced to the sport by his elder brother Dr. Shree Advani, a noted Sport & Performance Psychologist.", "2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship \u2013 Men's  The 2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship is an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 9 November to 21 November 2015 in Hurghada, Egypt. It was the 41st edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. The event was originally due to take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, however due to the Metrojet Flight 9268 crash the tournament was relocated to Hurghada. Because of this many competitors withdrew from the competition amid safety fears, Including the entire Libyan, Russian, South Korean and Sri Lankan teams. This ended up leaving some of the groups featuring as little as four players who would subsequently all qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament regardless of their results in the group stage. The final would go on to feature a contest between 2003 IBSF World Snooker Champion Pankaj Advani and Chinese player Zhao Xintong who had previously reached the 2013 IBSF World Snooker Championship final before losing 8\u20134 to fellow country man Zhou Yuelong. Number 6 seed Advani would eventually go on to win the championship defeating Xintong 8\u20136 in the final. Following the tournaments result Advani was offered a two-year card on the professional World Snooker Tour for the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. Advani had previously played on World Snooker Tour up until September 2014, when he announced that he was relinquishing his snooker tour card in order to concentrate on his billiards career and spend more time with his family. Best of 7 frames  Best of 7 frames", "He became the first person in the world to win the trio of the WPBSA World Billiards Champion pro title (which he has held twice, in 2009 & 2012), and the IBSF World Billiards Champion amateur title, as well as the IBSM World Snooker Champion amateur title. In April 2012, Advani won the Asian Billiards Championship in Goa, India to become the first player to win 5 Asian Billiards Champion titles. This takes his total tally of international majors to 17 \u2013 8 Worlds, 5 Asian Billiards, 2 Asian Games Golds, 1 Australian Open and 1 Asian Team. It was announced in May that Advani had accepted the Indian wildcard place on the main snooker tour for the 2012/2013 season. In October 2012, in Leeds, England, Advani won his seventh (counting professional and amateur) World Billiards Championship title, eighth world title overall, beating defending and nine-time WPBSA World Billiards Champion Mike Russell again, in the timed division final (Advani did not make it to the points division final). On 14 August 2014, Advani helped win the first ever World Team Billiards Championship held in Glasgow, Scotland, along with Rupesh Shan, Devendra Joshi and Ashok Shandilya. On 2 February 2017, Pankaj Advani won his 29th National Championship Title at the PYC Hindu Gymkhana in Pune, India. This gave him a 39 match-winning streak. Overall, as of 2017 Advani had won 60 titles: 19 world titles; 8 Asian titles; 2 Asian Games titles; 1 Australian Open title and 30 national titles. Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "2016 IBSF World Snooker Championship \u2013 Men's  The 2016 IBSF World Snooker Championship was an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 19 November to 29 November 2016 in Doha, Qatar. It was the 42nd edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. 119 players representing 52 nations and sovereign states competed in the tournament including 2015 champion, Pankaj Advani who declined his invitation to join the professional World Snooker Tour and as such was able to compete in this year's tournament. Advani however he was defeated in the semi-finals by Welshmen Andrew Pagett. In doing so Pagett became the first player from outside the Asian confederation to reach the final since 2012. The tournament was eventually won by Iran's Soheil Vahedi, who defeated Pagett of Wales 8\u20131 in the final. Vahedi became only the second Iranian player after Hossein Vafaei to win the championship and as a result, Vahedi was offered that chance to turn professional with a two-year card to play World Snooker Tour for the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons. Best of 7 frames  Best of 7 frames"], "answer": {"text": "won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "answer_start": 69}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pankaj Advani start playing Snooker?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_178467461df54cdabdf116ce17eba2e9_0_q#2", "question": "Did he win any others?", "rewrite": "Did Pankaj Advani win any tournaments besides the IBSF World Snooker Championship in 2003?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship \u2013 Men's  The 2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship is an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 9 November to 21 November 2015 in Hurghada, Egypt. It was the 41st edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. The event was originally due to take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, however due to the Metrojet Flight 9268 crash the tournament was relocated to Hurghada. Because of this many competitors withdrew from the competition amid safety fears, Including the entire Libyan, Russian, South Korean and Sri Lankan teams. This ended up leaving some of the groups featuring as little as four players who would subsequently all qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament regardless of their results in the group stage. The final would go on to feature a contest between 2003 IBSF World Snooker Champion Pankaj Advani and Chinese player Zhao Xintong who had previously reached the 2013 IBSF World Snooker Championship final before losing 8\u20134 to fellow country man Zhou Yuelong. Number 6 seed Advani would eventually go on to win the championship defeating Xintong 8\u20136 in the final. Following the tournaments result Advani was offered a two-year card on the professional World Snooker Tour for the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. Advani had previously played on World Snooker Tour up until September 2014, when he announced that he was relinquishing his snooker tour card in order to concentrate on his billiards career and spend more time with his family. Best of 7 frames  Best of 7 frames", "2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship The 2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship was an amateur snooker tournament which took place from 9 November to 21 November 2015 in Hurghada, Egypt. It will be the 41st edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubles as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. The men's tournament was won by Pankaj Advani of India who won his second IBSF World Snooker Championship, defeating 2013 runner-up Zhao Xintong 8\u20136 in the final. Wendy Jans won the women's tournament by defeating Anastasia Nechaeva 5\u20131 in the final. This victory was Jans fourth consecutive tournament win and her fifth overall. The tournament was an event run by the International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF). The event was originally due to take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, however due to the Metrojet Flight 9268 crash the tournament was relocated to Hurghada. Because of this many competitors withdrew from the competition amid safety fears and this ended up leaving some of the groups featuring as little as four players who would subsequently all qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament regardless of their results in the group stage. The men's event also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour.", "He became the first person in the world to win the trio of the WPBSA World Billiards Champion pro title (which he has held twice, in 2009 & 2012), and the IBSF World Billiards Champion amateur title, as well as the IBSM World Snooker Champion amateur title. In April 2012, Advani won the Asian Billiards Championship in Goa, India to become the first player to win 5 Asian Billiards Champion titles. This takes his total tally of international majors to 17 \u2013 8 Worlds, 5 Asian Billiards, 2 Asian Games Golds, 1 Australian Open and 1 Asian Team. It was announced in May that Advani had accepted the Indian wildcard place on the main snooker tour for the 2012/2013 season. In October 2012, in Leeds, England, Advani won his seventh (counting professional and amateur) World Billiards Championship title, eighth world title overall, beating defending and nine-time WPBSA World Billiards Champion Mike Russell again, in the timed division final (Advani did not make it to the points division final). On 14 August 2014, Advani helped win the first ever World Team Billiards Championship held in Glasgow, Scotland, along with Rupesh Shan, Devendra Joshi and Ashok Shandilya. On 2 February 2017, Pankaj Advani won his 29th National Championship Title at the PYC Hindu Gymkhana in Pune, India. This gave him a 39 match-winning streak. Overall, as of 2017 Advani had won 60 titles: 19 world titles; 8 Asian titles; 2 Asian Games titles; 1 Australian Open title and 30 national titles. Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "Currently, she is a part of the Chennai Strikers team in the Indian Cue Masters League, where she is teamed up with Pankaj Advani for mixed doubles. Vidya Pillai made her first international appearance at the 2007 IBSF World Snooker Championship (Ladies) and lost in the quarter-finals. Ever since, she has won a Gold medal in the IBSF World Team Snooker Championship in 2013, Gold in the IBSF Australian Women's Ranking Snooker Championship in 2016, Gold in the IBSF Australian Open Women's Snooker Championship in 2010, Two Silver medals in the IBSF World 6 Reds Snooker Championship Women in 2015 and 2016, one Silver in the IBSF World Team Snooker Championship in 2016, two Bronze medals IBSF World Snooker Championship in 2010 and 2012, one Bronze in the IBSF World Team Snooker Championship in 2014 and one Bronze at the WLBSA World Billiards Championship in 2008. She has also won a Silver medal at the Asian Billiard Sport Championship held at Doha in 2016. Most recently, finished with a Silver medal in the WLBSA World Women's Snooker Championship in 2017.", "2016 IBSF World Snooker Championship \u2013 Men's  The 2016 IBSF World Snooker Championship was an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 19 November to 29 November 2016 in Doha, Qatar. It was the 42nd edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. 119 players representing 52 nations and sovereign states competed in the tournament including 2015 champion, Pankaj Advani who declined his invitation to join the professional World Snooker Tour and as such was able to compete in this year's tournament. Advani however he was defeated in the semi-finals by Welshmen Andrew Pagett. In doing so Pagett became the first player from outside the Asian confederation to reach the final since 2012. The tournament was eventually won by Iran's Soheil Vahedi, who defeated Pagett of Wales 8\u20131 in the final. Vahedi became only the second Iranian player after Hossein Vafaei to win the championship and as a result, Vahedi was offered that chance to turn professional with a two-year card to play World Snooker Tour for the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons. Best of 7 frames  Best of 7 frames"], "answer": {"text": "A decade later, as a 28-year-old, at the IBSF World 6-Red World Snooker Championship in Sharm-El-Sheik, Egypt, he won one of the amateur world titles (", "answer_start": 287}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pankaj Advani start playing Snooker?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win a Snooker tournament?", "answer": {"text": "won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_178467461df54cdabdf116ce17eba2e9_0_q#3", "question": "How long did he play Snooker?", "rewrite": "How long did Pankaj Advani play Snooker?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pankaj Advani (director) Pankaj Advani (Hindi: \u092a\u0902\u0915\u091c \u0906\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940) (1 August 1965 \u2013 11 November 2010) was an Indian film director, editor, screenwriter, photographer, theatre director, and painter, known for his works in Bollywood, and cross over cinema. Pankaj made his Hindi film screenwriting debut with \"Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa\" (1993) which went on to win the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie. In 1994, he scripted, and directed the short film \"Sunday\" which won the Children's Film Society of India Award for best writing, and the National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film. The film was screened at the Indian Panorama Section of the 25th International Film Festival of India, Calcutta; the Asian Panorama section of 8th International Children's Film Festival, Udaipur; and has participated in other festivals including Cairo International Children's Film Festival and 11th Annual Chicago International Children's Film Festival. The same year Pankaj won an award for best writing for \"Shadow Boxer\" at NFDC. Pankaj was born in Lucknow and grew up in the small town of Veraval in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat state. As a young boy he was drawn to the magical world of cinema and as a first step wrote, acted, and directed for his school plays. He obtained his Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in painting from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. At the Faculty of Fine Arts, he specialized in photography and built up a portfolio of photographs. While in Baroda he participated in playwright and film-maker, Habib Tanvir's workshop. He wrote and directed black comedies under his supervision (\"Andher Nagari\" and others) that participated in college festivals.", "Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China. He was 18 years old, and became the youngest Indian to win the title, his first world title. A decade later, as a 28-year-old, at the IBSF World 6-Red World Snooker Championship in Sharm-El-Sheik, Egypt, he won one of the amateur world titles (on debut in the short format). As a new player on the tour, Advani would need to win four matches to reach the main stage of the ranking events. He did this in just his fourth attempt, when qualifying for the International Championship. He defeated Craig Steadman 6-1, six-time world champion Steve Davis 6-5 (after being 1-4 down), Alan McManus 6-3 and Michael Holt 6-4 to reach the venue stage for the first time. He made four century breaks during qualification, the most of any player. Advani was to play a wildcard match once at the tournament in Chengdu, China, to reach the last 32, however he decided to withdraw from the tournament to take part in the World Billiards Championship, which he went on to win. He also reached the semi-finals of the minor ranking European Tour Event 1, beating four-time world champion John Higgins 4-1 along the way. Advani lost to Mark Selby 2-4. Advani played in eight of the ten of these Players Tour Championship events and finished 40th on the Order of Merit.", "2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship \u2013 Men's  The 2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship is an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 9 November to 21 November 2015 in Hurghada, Egypt. It was the 41st edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. The event was originally due to take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, however due to the Metrojet Flight 9268 crash the tournament was relocated to Hurghada. Because of this many competitors withdrew from the competition amid safety fears, Including the entire Libyan, Russian, South Korean and Sri Lankan teams. This ended up leaving some of the groups featuring as little as four players who would subsequently all qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament regardless of their results in the group stage. The final would go on to feature a contest between 2003 IBSF World Snooker Champion Pankaj Advani and Chinese player Zhao Xintong who had previously reached the 2013 IBSF World Snooker Championship final before losing 8\u20134 to fellow country man Zhou Yuelong. Number 6 seed Advani would eventually go on to win the championship defeating Xintong 8\u20136 in the final. Following the tournaments result Advani was offered a two-year card on the professional World Snooker Tour for the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. Advani had previously played on World Snooker Tour up until September 2014, when he announced that he was relinquishing his snooker tour card in order to concentrate on his billiards career and spend more time with his family. Best of 7 frames  Best of 7 frames", "He became the first person in the world to win the trio of the WPBSA World Billiards Champion pro title (which he has held twice, in 2009 & 2012), and the IBSF World Billiards Champion amateur title, as well as the IBSM World Snooker Champion amateur title. In April 2012, Advani won the Asian Billiards Championship in Goa, India to become the first player to win 5 Asian Billiards Champion titles. This takes his total tally of international majors to 17 \u2013 8 Worlds, 5 Asian Billiards, 2 Asian Games Golds, 1 Australian Open and 1 Asian Team. It was announced in May that Advani had accepted the Indian wildcard place on the main snooker tour for the 2012/2013 season. In October 2012, in Leeds, England, Advani won his seventh (counting professional and amateur) World Billiards Championship title, eighth world title overall, beating defending and nine-time WPBSA World Billiards Champion Mike Russell again, in the timed division final (Advani did not make it to the points division final). On 14 August 2014, Advani helped win the first ever World Team Billiards Championship held in Glasgow, Scotland, along with Rupesh Shan, Devendra Joshi and Ashok Shandilya. On 2 February 2017, Pankaj Advani won his 29th National Championship Title at the PYC Hindu Gymkhana in Pune, India. This gave him a 39 match-winning streak. Overall, as of 2017 Advani had won 60 titles: 19 world titles; 8 Asian titles; 2 Asian Games titles; 1 Australian Open title and 30 national titles. Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "Pankaj Advani (billiards player) Pankaj Arjan Advani (born 24 July 1985) is an Indian billiards and snooker player. He is a 23-time World Champion and has achieved a hat-trick of hat-tricks in English billiards, holding the World, Asian, and Indian National Championship titles simultaneously, in five different years: 2005, 2008 , 2012, 2017 and recently in 2019. He became a snooker professional in 2012, and his first season on the main tour was the 2012/2013 season. Advani won the 2014 IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship, on his debut in that discipline. As such he is currently the only player ever to win world titles in both the long and short formats of snooker (15-red standard, and 6-red) and both formats of English billiards (time and point). Advani is also India's first world champion in 6-red snooker. Since 2014, Advani has focused solely on English billiards. In recognition of his achievements, the Government of India has bestowed several awards upon Advani: the Arjuna Award in 2004, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2006, Padma Shri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018. Pankaj Advani was born on 24 July 1985 in Pune, India. Advani spent his initial years in Kuwait before moving to Bangalore, India. He received his education at the Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore and completed his bachelor's degree in Commerce from Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College. He received training in snooker from former national Snooker champion Arvind Savur. At the age of 10 his acumen for snooker came to the notice of Arvind Savur after being introduced to the sport by his elder brother Dr. Shree Advani, a noted Sport & Performance Psychologist."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pankaj Advani start playing Snooker?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win a Snooker tournament?", "answer": {"text": "won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any others?", "answer": {"text": "A decade later, as a 28-year-old, at the IBSF World 6-Red World Snooker Championship in Sharm-El-Sheik, Egypt, he won one of the amateur world titles (", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_178467461df54cdabdf116ce17eba2e9_0_q#4", "question": "When was his last win?", "rewrite": "When was Pankaj Advani's last win at Snooker?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pankaj Advani (director) Pankaj Advani (Hindi: \u092a\u0902\u0915\u091c \u0906\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940) (1 August 1965 \u2013 11 November 2010) was an Indian film director, editor, screenwriter, photographer, theatre director, and painter, known for his works in Bollywood, and cross over cinema. Pankaj made his Hindi film screenwriting debut with \"Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa\" (1993) which went on to win the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie. In 1994, he scripted, and directed the short film \"Sunday\" which won the Children's Film Society of India Award for best writing, and the National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film. The film was screened at the Indian Panorama Section of the 25th International Film Festival of India, Calcutta; the Asian Panorama section of 8th International Children's Film Festival, Udaipur; and has participated in other festivals including Cairo International Children's Film Festival and 11th Annual Chicago International Children's Film Festival. The same year Pankaj won an award for best writing for \"Shadow Boxer\" at NFDC. Pankaj was born in Lucknow and grew up in the small town of Veraval in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat state. As a young boy he was drawn to the magical world of cinema and as a first step wrote, acted, and directed for his school plays. He obtained his Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in painting from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. At the Faculty of Fine Arts, he specialized in photography and built up a portfolio of photographs. While in Baroda he participated in playwright and film-maker, Habib Tanvir's workshop. He wrote and directed black comedies under his supervision (\"Andher Nagari\" and others) that participated in college festivals.", "2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship \u2013 Men's  The 2015 IBSF World Snooker Championship is an amateur snooker tournament that took place from 9 November to 21 November 2015 in Hurghada, Egypt. It was the 41st edition of the IBSF World Snooker Championship and also doubled as a qualification event for the World Snooker Tour. The event was originally due to take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, however due to the Metrojet Flight 9268 crash the tournament was relocated to Hurghada. Because of this many competitors withdrew from the competition amid safety fears, Including the entire Libyan, Russian, South Korean and Sri Lankan teams. This ended up leaving some of the groups featuring as little as four players who would subsequently all qualify for the knockout stage of the tournament regardless of their results in the group stage. The final would go on to feature a contest between 2003 IBSF World Snooker Champion Pankaj Advani and Chinese player Zhao Xintong who had previously reached the 2013 IBSF World Snooker Championship final before losing 8\u20134 to fellow country man Zhou Yuelong. Number 6 seed Advani would eventually go on to win the championship defeating Xintong 8\u20136 in the final. Following the tournaments result Advani was offered a two-year card on the professional World Snooker Tour for the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. Advani had previously played on World Snooker Tour up until September 2014, when he announced that he was relinquishing his snooker tour card in order to concentrate on his billiards career and spend more time with his family. Best of 7 frames  Best of 7 frames", "He became the first person in the world to win the trio of the WPBSA World Billiards Champion pro title (which he has held twice, in 2009 & 2012), and the IBSF World Billiards Champion amateur title, as well as the IBSM World Snooker Champion amateur title. In April 2012, Advani won the Asian Billiards Championship in Goa, India to become the first player to win 5 Asian Billiards Champion titles. This takes his total tally of international majors to 17 \u2013 8 Worlds, 5 Asian Billiards, 2 Asian Games Golds, 1 Australian Open and 1 Asian Team. It was announced in May that Advani had accepted the Indian wildcard place on the main snooker tour for the 2012/2013 season. In October 2012, in Leeds, England, Advani won his seventh (counting professional and amateur) World Billiards Championship title, eighth world title overall, beating defending and nine-time WPBSA World Billiards Champion Mike Russell again, in the timed division final (Advani did not make it to the points division final). On 14 August 2014, Advani helped win the first ever World Team Billiards Championship held in Glasgow, Scotland, along with Rupesh Shan, Devendra Joshi and Ashok Shandilya. On 2 February 2017, Pankaj Advani won his 29th National Championship Title at the PYC Hindu Gymkhana in Pune, India. This gave him a 39 match-winning streak. Overall, as of 2017 Advani had won 60 titles: 19 world titles; 8 Asian titles; 2 Asian Games titles; 1 Australian Open title and 30 national titles. Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "Pankaj Advani (billiards player) Pankaj Arjan Advani (born 24 July 1985) is an Indian billiards and snooker player. He is a 23-time World Champion and has achieved a hat-trick of hat-tricks in English billiards, holding the World, Asian, and Indian National Championship titles simultaneously, in five different years: 2005, 2008 , 2012, 2017 and recently in 2019. He became a snooker professional in 2012, and his first season on the main tour was the 2012/2013 season. Advani won the 2014 IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship, on his debut in that discipline. As such he is currently the only player ever to win world titles in both the long and short formats of snooker (15-red standard, and 6-red) and both formats of English billiards (time and point). Advani is also India's first world champion in 6-red snooker. Since 2014, Advani has focused solely on English billiards. In recognition of his achievements, the Government of India has bestowed several awards upon Advani: the Arjuna Award in 2004, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2006, Padma Shri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018. Pankaj Advani was born on 24 July 1985 in Pune, India. Advani spent his initial years in Kuwait before moving to Bangalore, India. He received his education at the Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore and completed his bachelor's degree in Commerce from Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College. He received training in snooker from former national Snooker champion Arvind Savur. At the age of 10 his acumen for snooker came to the notice of Arvind Savur after being introduced to the sport by his elder brother Dr. Shree Advani, a noted Sport & Performance Psychologist.", "Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China. He was 18 years old, and became the youngest Indian to win the title, his first world title. A decade later, as a 28-year-old, at the IBSF World 6-Red World Snooker Championship in Sharm-El-Sheik, Egypt, he won one of the amateur world titles (on debut in the short format). As a new player on the tour, Advani would need to win four matches to reach the main stage of the ranking events. He did this in just his fourth attempt, when qualifying for the International Championship. He defeated Craig Steadman 6-1, six-time world champion Steve Davis 6-5 (after being 1-4 down), Alan McManus 6-3 and Michael Holt 6-4 to reach the venue stage for the first time. He made four century breaks during qualification, the most of any player. Advani was to play a wildcard match once at the tournament in Chengdu, China, to reach the last 32, however he decided to withdraw from the tournament to take part in the World Billiards Championship, which he went on to win. He also reached the semi-finals of the minor ranking European Tour Event 1, beating four-time world champion John Higgins 4-1 along the way. Advani lost to Mark Selby 2-4. Advani played in eight of the ten of these Players Tour Championship events and finished 40th on the Order of Merit."], "answer": {"text": "28-year-old,", "answer_start": 308}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Pankaj Advani start playing Snooker?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win a Snooker tournament?", "answer": {"text": "won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any others?", "answer": {"text": "A decade later, as a 28-year-old, at the IBSF World 6-Red World Snooker Championship in Sharm-El-Sheik, Egypt, he won one of the amateur world titles (", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he play Snooker?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_178467461df54cdabdf116ce17eba2e9_0_q#5", "question": "Did he face any challenges?", "rewrite": "Did Pankaj Advani face any challenges?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cape Karma Cape Karma is a 2007 erotic thriller drama film directed by Pankaj Advani, with a \"dark secrets\" plot, shot in Scotland. The film is about a man who comes to be in danger after he falls for the wife of a wealthy man. Shripal Morakia of iDream Production gave Pankaj Advani a chance to make his stylized, surreal, psychological thriller \"Cape Karma\". \"Cape Karma\", shot in the winter of 2005 in Dundee, Scotland with its non-linear story telling and undercurrents of violence and disconcerting sexual theme proved to be much ahead of its times for an Indian audience and is one of Pankaj's least-seen films.", "He became the first person in the world to win the trio of the WPBSA World Billiards Champion pro title (which he has held twice, in 2009 & 2012), and the IBSF World Billiards Champion amateur title, as well as the IBSM World Snooker Champion amateur title. In April 2012, Advani won the Asian Billiards Championship in Goa, India to become the first player to win 5 Asian Billiards Champion titles. This takes his total tally of international majors to 17 \u2013 8 Worlds, 5 Asian Billiards, 2 Asian Games Golds, 1 Australian Open and 1 Asian Team. It was announced in May that Advani had accepted the Indian wildcard place on the main snooker tour for the 2012/2013 season. In October 2012, in Leeds, England, Advani won his seventh (counting professional and amateur) World Billiards Championship title, eighth world title overall, beating defending and nine-time WPBSA World Billiards Champion Mike Russell again, in the timed division final (Advani did not make it to the points division final). On 14 August 2014, Advani helped win the first ever World Team Billiards Championship held in Glasgow, Scotland, along with Rupesh Shan, Devendra Joshi and Ashok Shandilya. On 2 February 2017, Pankaj Advani won his 29th National Championship Title at the PYC Hindu Gymkhana in Pune, India. This gave him a 39 match-winning streak. Overall, as of 2017 Advani had won 60 titles: 19 world titles; 8 Asian titles; 2 Asian Games titles; 1 Australian Open title and 30 national titles. Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "Pankaj Advani, on international competitive debut in the discipline, won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China. He was 18 years old, and became the youngest Indian to win the title, his first world title. A decade later, as a 28-year-old, at the IBSF World 6-Red World Snooker Championship in Sharm-El-Sheik, Egypt, he won one of the amateur world titles (on debut in the short format). As a new player on the tour, Advani would need to win four matches to reach the main stage of the ranking events. He did this in just his fourth attempt, when qualifying for the International Championship. He defeated Craig Steadman 6-1, six-time world champion Steve Davis 6-5 (after being 1-4 down), Alan McManus 6-3 and Michael Holt 6-4 to reach the venue stage for the first time. He made four century breaks during qualification, the most of any player. Advani was to play a wildcard match once at the tournament in Chengdu, China, to reach the last 32, however he decided to withdraw from the tournament to take part in the World Billiards Championship, which he went on to win. He also reached the semi-finals of the minor ranking European Tour Event 1, beating four-time world champion John Higgins 4-1 along the way. Advani lost to Mark Selby 2-4. Advani played in eight of the ten of these Players Tour Championship events and finished 40th on the Order of Merit.", "Pankaj Advani (billiards player) Pankaj Arjan Advani (born 24 July 1985) is an Indian billiards and snooker player. He is a 23-time World Champion and has achieved a hat-trick of hat-tricks in English billiards, holding the World, Asian, and Indian National Championship titles simultaneously, in five different years: 2005, 2008 , 2012, 2017 and recently in 2019. He became a snooker professional in 2012, and his first season on the main tour was the 2012/2013 season. Advani won the 2014 IBSF World 6-Red Snooker Championship, on his debut in that discipline. As such he is currently the only player ever to win world titles in both the long and short formats of snooker (15-red standard, and 6-red) and both formats of English billiards (time and point). Advani is also India's first world champion in 6-red snooker. Since 2014, Advani has focused solely on English billiards. In recognition of his achievements, the Government of India has bestowed several awards upon Advani: the Arjuna Award in 2004, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna in 2006, Padma Shri in 2009 and Padma Bhushan in 2018. Pankaj Advani was born on 24 July 1985 in Pune, India. Advani spent his initial years in Kuwait before moving to Bangalore, India. He received his education at the Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore and completed his bachelor's degree in Commerce from Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College. He received training in snooker from former national Snooker champion Arvind Savur. At the age of 10 his acumen for snooker came to the notice of Arvind Savur after being introduced to the sport by his elder brother Dr. Shree Advani, a noted Sport & Performance Psychologist.", "Pankaj Advani (director) Pankaj Advani (Hindi: \u092a\u0902\u0915\u091c \u0906\u0921\u0935\u093e\u0923\u0940) (1 August 1965 \u2013 11 November 2010) was an Indian film director, editor, screenwriter, photographer, theatre director, and painter, known for his works in Bollywood, and cross over cinema. Pankaj made his Hindi film screenwriting debut with \"Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa\" (1993) which went on to win the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie. In 1994, he scripted, and directed the short film \"Sunday\" which won the Children's Film Society of India Award for best writing, and the National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film. The film was screened at the Indian Panorama Section of the 25th International Film Festival of India, Calcutta; the Asian Panorama section of 8th International Children's Film Festival, Udaipur; and has participated in other festivals including Cairo International Children's Film Festival and 11th Annual Chicago International Children's Film Festival. The same year Pankaj won an award for best writing for \"Shadow Boxer\" at NFDC. Pankaj was born in Lucknow and grew up in the small town of Veraval in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat state. As a young boy he was drawn to the magical world of cinema and as a first step wrote, acted, and directed for his school plays. He obtained his Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in painting from the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. At the Faculty of Fine Arts, he specialized in photography and built up a portfolio of photographs. While in Baroda he participated in playwright and film-maker, Habib Tanvir's workshop. He wrote and directed black comedies under his supervision (\"Andher Nagari\" and others) that participated in college festivals."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Pankaj Advani start playing Snooker?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win a Snooker tournament?", "answer": {"text": "won the IBSF World Snooker Championship (i.e. the World Amateur Snooker Championship) on 25 October 2003 in Jiangmen, China.", "answer_start": 69, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any others?", "answer": {"text": "A decade later, as a 28-year-old, at the IBSF World 6-Red World Snooker Championship in Sharm-El-Sheik, Egypt, he won one of the amateur world titles (", "answer_start": 287, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he play Snooker?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was his last win?", "answer": {"text": "28-year-old,", "answer_start": 308, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d4c71854d7e94f49adac866a7b076288_1_q#0", "question": "What are the correspondent segments on The Daily Show?", "rewrite": "What are the correspondent segments on The Daily Show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["When Sedaris and Dinello were offered the opportunity to create a television series for HBO Downtown Productions, Colbert left The Second City and relocated to New York to work with them on the sketch comedy show Exit 57. The series debuted on Comedy Central in 1995 and aired through 1996. Although it lasted for only 12 episodes, the show received favorable reviews and was nominated for five CableACE Awards in 1995, in categories including best writing, performance, and comedy series. Following the cancelation of Exit 57, Colbert worked for six months as a cast member and writer on The Dana Carvey Show, alongside former Second City castmate Steve Carell, and also Robert Smigel, Charlie Kaufman, Louis C.K., and Dino Stamatopoulos, among others. The series, described by one reviewer as \"kamikaze satire\" in \"borderline-questionable taste\", had sponsors pull out after its first episode aired and was cancelled after seven episodes. Colbert then worked briefly as a freelance writer for Saturday Night Live with Robert Smigel. Smigel brought his animated sketch, The Ambiguously Gay Duo, to SNL from The Dana Carvey Show; Colbert provided the voice of Ace on both series, opposite Steve Carell as Gary. Needing money, he also worked as a script consultant for VH1 and MTV, before taking a job filming humorous correspondent segments for Good Morning America. Only two of the segments he proposed were ever produced and only one aired, but the job led his agent to refer him to The Daily Show's then-producer, Madeline Smithberg, who hired Colbert on a trial basis in 1997.", "Jason Jones (actor)  Jason Pierre Jones (born June 3, 1973) is a Canadian-American actor and comedian. He was a correspondent on \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\" from 2005 to 2015. Since 2016, Jones has starred in the TBS comedy series \"The Detour\", which he created with his wife, Samantha Bee. Jones was born and raised in Hamilton, Ontario. He attended Hill Park Secondary School and then Ryerson Theatre School in Toronto. Jones is married to Samantha Bee, the host of \"Full Frontal with Samantha Bee\" and fellow former \"The Daily Show\" correspondent, with whom he has three children: daughter Piper Bee-Jones (born 2006), son Fletcher Bee-Jones (born 2008), and daughter Ripley Bee-Jones (born 2010). In 2014, he became a United States citizen. In September 2005, Jones joined \"The Daily Show\" cast as a contributor. When his wife left the show in late December for family leave, Jones was promoted to a full-time correspondent. Thereafter, he won a significant following at \"The Daily Show\", thanks to a few pieces on the Denmark cartoons, Carl Monday, and . Before Rob Corddry left \"The Daily Show\", he said: \"Jason Jones has raised the bar too high. I just can't say the things he says to people.\" His expos\u00e9 on the real values of Wasilla, Alaska remains one of the most popular pieces on the \"Daily Show\" website. In 2014, Jones temporarily left \"The Daily Show\" to appear in a pilot for the sitcom \" Love Is Relative\". In June 2009, Jones was sent to Tehran just prior to the controversial 2009 presidential election. Jones' reports in Iran included an interview with \"Newsweek\" journalist Maziar Bahari, who was arrested after the disputed June 2009 presidential elections.", "When Sedaris and Dinello were offered the opportunity to create a television series for HBO Downtown Productions, Colbert left The Second City and relocated to New York to work with them on the sketch comedy show Exit 57. The series debuted on Comedy Central in 1995 and aired through 1996. Although it lasted for only 12 episodes, the show received favorable reviews and was nominated for five CableACE Awards in 1995, in categories including best writing, performance, and comedy series. Following the cancelation of Exit 57, Colbert worked for six months as a cast member and writer on The Dana Carvey Show, alongside former Second City castmate Steve Carell, and also Robert Smigel, Charlie Kaufman, Louis C.K., and Dino Stamatopoulos, among others. The series, described by one reviewer as \"kamikaze satire\" in \"borderline-questionable taste\", had sponsors pull out after its first episode aired and was cancelled after seven episodes. Colbert then worked briefly as a freelance writer for Saturday Night Live with Robert Smigel. Smigel brought his animated sketch, The Ambiguously Gay Duo, to SNL from The Dana Carvey Show; Colbert provided the voice of Ace on both series, opposite Steve Carell as Gary. Needing money, he also worked as a script consultant for VH1 and MTV, before taking a job filming humorous correspondent segments for Good Morning America. Only two of the segments he proposed were ever produced and only one aired, but the job led his agent to refer him to The Daily Show's then-producer, Madeline Smithberg, who hired Colbert on a trial basis in 1997. During the same period, Colbert worked again with Sedaris and Dinello to develop a new comedy series for Comedy Central, Strangers with Candy. Comedy Central picked up the series in 1998 after Colbert had already begun working on The Daily Show.", "The Opposition with Jordan Klepper The Opposition with Jordan Klepper is an American late-night talk and news satire program that aired on Comedy Central from September 25, 2017 to June 28, 2018. The show was hosted by comedian Jordan Klepper, a former correspondent on \"The Daily Show\", and satirized right-wing politics. It aired each Monday through Thursday at 11:30 pm (EST), following \"The Daily Show\". On June 15, 2018, Comedy Central announced that it was canceling the show after one season, but that Klepper would be hosting a new primetime weekly talk show, \"Klepper\". Jordan Klepper served as a correspondent on \"The Daily Show\" for three years. Klepper's segments on the show received positive reviews. During his time on the show, he substituted for Trevor Noah in October 2016. In April 2017, Comedy Central announced that Klepper would host a new show, debuting in the fall, that would follow \"The Daily Show\". In July 2017, the title of the show was revealed to be \"The Opposition with Jordan Klepper\", and had a premiere scheduled for September 25, 2017. On June 15, 2018, Comedy Central announced the show would be ending after its June 28 episode. Klepper served as host. The show had \"citizen journalists\", which is a concept similar to \"The Daily Show\"'s correspondents: Josh Sharp, Aaron Jackson, Laura Grey, Kobi Libii, Niccole Thurman and Tim Baltz.", "List of The Daily Show recurring segments This is a list of recurring segments featured on \"The Daily Show\". This list is incomplete for \"The Daily Show with Craig Kilborn\" and \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". During \"The Daily Show\"s first ten years, a significant part of its airtime was devoted to different branded recurring segments, usually hosted by the show's correspondents. After the 2005 launch of \"The Colbert Report\", which was largely made up of different recurring segments, the time devoted to such segments on \"The Daily Show\" has declined. Normal commentary segments about ongoing news stories can also have recurring titles to help sort them and talk about continuation. Your Moment of Zen is a segment that occurs at the end of every show. The segment was introduced when the show began. In it, the host would end the show and a random selection of humorous videos would be shown, usually a clip that relates to one of the topics that was discussed in the episode. Hosts generally introduce the segment by saying, \"Here it is, Your Moment of Zen\". Sometimes, the Moment of Zen will be used a tribute to a celebrity or prominent figure who has recently passed away. Moments of Zen are replaced by musical guests who play out the episode with an additional performance. The segment continues under current host Trevor Noah with the same structure. List of Different or Special Moments of Zen:   Back in Black with Lewis Black is a popular segment on the show, where \"America's foremost commentator on everything\" and comedian Lewis Black catches the stories that, according to his introduction, \"fall through the cracks\", and comments on them in a humorous rant. The segment starts with an opening riff in the style of the AC/DC song \"Back in Black\". The segment originated in 1996, when Craig Kilborn was still host of \"The Daily Show\"."], "answer": {"text": "The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d4c71854d7e94f49adac866a7b076288_1_q#1", "question": "Who are the correspondents?", "rewrite": "Who are the correspondents on The Daily Show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of The Daily Show episodes (2015) This is a list of episodes for \"The Daily Show\" in 2015. This is the final year of \"The Daily Show\" to be hosted by Jon Stewart, whose final episode was on August 6, 2015. This is also the first year of \"The Daily Show\" to be hosted by Trevor Noah, whose first episode was on September 28, 2015. On February 10, 2015, Stewart announced that he would resign at a later time in the year. Stewart's hour-plus-long final episode on August 6 featured reunions with former Daily Show correspondents and cameo video clips from people Stewart had targeted over the years including Bill O'Reilly, John McCain, Chris Christie, and Hillary Clinton. It concluded with a performance by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. On March 30, 2015, Comedy Central announced that Trevor Noah will become the host of \"The Daily Show\" following the departure of Stewart. Noah's half hour-plus-long first episode on September 28 was simulcast by Viacom on Nick-at-Nite, Spike, MTV, MTV2, mtvU, VH1, VH1 Classic, BET, Centric, CMT, TV Land, and Logo TV.", "The Opposition with Jordan Klepper The Opposition with Jordan Klepper is an American late-night talk and news satire program that aired on Comedy Central from September 25, 2017 to June 28, 2018. The show was hosted by comedian Jordan Klepper, a former correspondent on \"The Daily Show\", and satirized right-wing politics. It aired each Monday through Thursday at 11:30 pm (EST), following \"The Daily Show\". On June 15, 2018, Comedy Central announced that it was canceling the show after one season, but that Klepper would be hosting a new primetime weekly talk show, \"Klepper\". Jordan Klepper served as a correspondent on \"The Daily Show\" for three years. Klepper's segments on the show received positive reviews. During his time on the show, he substituted for Trevor Noah in October 2016. In April 2017, Comedy Central announced that Klepper would host a new show, debuting in the fall, that would follow \"The Daily Show\". In July 2017, the title of the show was revealed to be \"The Opposition with Jordan Klepper\", and had a premiere scheduled for September 25, 2017. On June 15, 2018, Comedy Central announced the show would be ending after its June 28 episode. Klepper served as host. The show had \"citizen journalists\", which is a concept similar to \"The Daily Show\"'s correspondents: Josh Sharp, Aaron Jackson, Laura Grey, Kobi Libii, Niccole Thurman and Tim Baltz.", "List of The Daily Show recurring segments This is a list of recurring segments featured on \"The Daily Show\". This list is incomplete for \"The Daily Show with Craig Kilborn\" and \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". During \"The Daily Show\"s first ten years, a significant part of its airtime was devoted to different branded recurring segments, usually hosted by the show's correspondents. After the 2005 launch of \"The Colbert Report\", which was largely made up of different recurring segments, the time devoted to such segments on \"The Daily Show\" has declined. Normal commentary segments about ongoing news stories can also have recurring titles to help sort them and talk about continuation. Your Moment of Zen is a segment that occurs at the end of every show. The segment was introduced when the show began. In it, the host would end the show and a random selection of humorous videos would be shown, usually a clip that relates to one of the topics that was discussed in the episode. Hosts generally introduce the segment by saying, \"Here it is, Your Moment of Zen\". Sometimes, the Moment of Zen will be used a tribute to a celebrity or prominent figure who has recently passed away. Moments of Zen are replaced by musical guests who play out the episode with an additional performance. The segment continues under current host Trevor Noah with the same structure. List of Different or Special Moments of Zen:   Back in Black with Lewis Black is a popular segment on the show, where \"America's foremost commentator on everything\" and comedian Lewis Black catches the stories that, according to his introduction, \"fall through the cracks\", and comments on them in a humorous rant. The segment starts with an opening riff in the style of the AC/DC song \"Back in Black\". The segment originated in 1996, when Craig Kilborn was still host of \"The Daily Show\".", "Cherebin's youngest child, Francis (1830\u20131892), later emigrated to Grenada. Having previously worked for three years as a writer on \"King of the Hill\", Cenac garnered public attention in The Doomed Planet comedy sketch in which he did an impression of then-senator Barack Obama, discussing possible campaign posters. In June 2008, Cenac was hired as a correspondent and writer on \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". After making several comedic appearances along with other correspondents, Cenac filed his first field report on July 21, 2008; titled \"Baruch Obama,\" the report discussed Jewish voters' opinions of Democratic Presidential nominee Barack Obama. He continued to integrate satirical Black-oriented material in his \"Daily Show\" segments, including \"Rapper or Republican\" until his final \"Daily Show\" appearance on December 13, 2012. In a July 2015 appearance on \"WTF with Marc Maron\", Cenac revealed that his departure from \"The Daily Show\" stemmed in part from a heated argument he had with Jon Stewart over a June 2011 \"Daily Show\" bit about Republican Presidential candidate Herman Cain. Despite this, Wyatt appeared on Stewart's final episode of \"Daily Show\"; both agreed that they're \"good\", a reference to the Maron podcast. In October 2009, he worked with rapper Slim Thug on the music video \"Still a Boss\", a parody of how the recession is affecting the rap community. Cenac costarred in \"Medicine for Melancholy\", an independent drama by Barry Jenkins released in 2008 that includes issues of African American identity and gentrification in San Francisco. Cenac plays the voice of Lenny and Michael Johnson in the Nickelodeon animated series \"Fanboy & Chum Chum\". Cenac guest-starred on the MC Frontalot album \"Solved\".", "In addition to changes in the tone of the show, Noah has also implemented stylistic changes to the show, with an updated set, new graphics and his monologue sometimes taking place while standing in front of a screen as opposed to sitting at the desk. Trevor also increased the usage of more millennial-based references, impersonations and characterizations for his comedy on the show, due to his younger demographic and his ability to speak in multiple accents and eight languages. The debut of The Daily Show with Trevor Noah brought along three new correspondents: Roy Wood Jr., Desi Lydic and Ronny Chieng. Additional correspondents were added in 2017. Michael Kosta became the Senior Constitutional Correspondent and Senior American Correspondent in July 11, 2017. Dulce Sloan became the Senior Fashion Correspondent in September 7, 2017. In January 2016, The Daily Show with Trevor Noah started to use a modified version of the show's previous theme, composed by Timbaland and King Logan. The theme is a remix of the old theme with the addition of rock. Trevor Noah also avoided talking too much about Fox News, as Stewart was previously known for. \"The Daily Show was based on an emerging 24 hour news cycle, that's everything it was, that's what inspired The Daily Show. Now you look at news and it's changed. It's no longer predicated around 24 hour news. There are so many different choices. Half of it is online now. Now you've got the 'Gawker's, the 'Buzzfeed's. The way people are drawing their news is soundbites and headlines and click-bait links has changed everything."], "answer": {"text": "The cast of correspondents is quite diverse, and many often sarcastically portray extreme stereotypes of themselves to poke fun at a news story,", "answer_start": 535}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the correspondent segments on The Daily Show?", "answer": {"text": "The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d4c71854d7e94f49adac866a7b076288_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any notable correspondents?", "rewrite": "Are there any notable correspondents on The Daily Show?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of The Daily Show recurring segments This is a list of recurring segments featured on \"The Daily Show\". This list is incomplete for \"The Daily Show with Craig Kilborn\" and \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". During \"The Daily Show\"s first ten years, a significant part of its airtime was devoted to different branded recurring segments, usually hosted by the show's correspondents. After the 2005 launch of \"The Colbert Report\", which was largely made up of different recurring segments, the time devoted to such segments on \"The Daily Show\" has declined. Normal commentary segments about ongoing news stories can also have recurring titles to help sort them and talk about continuation. Your Moment of Zen is a segment that occurs at the end of every show. The segment was introduced when the show began. In it, the host would end the show and a random selection of humorous videos would be shown, usually a clip that relates to one of the topics that was discussed in the episode. Hosts generally introduce the segment by saying, \"Here it is, Your Moment of Zen\". Sometimes, the Moment of Zen will be used a tribute to a celebrity or prominent figure who has recently passed away. Moments of Zen are replaced by musical guests who play out the episode with an additional performance. The segment continues under current host Trevor Noah with the same structure. List of Different or Special Moments of Zen:   Back in Black with Lewis Black is a popular segment on the show, where \"America's foremost commentator on everything\" and comedian Lewis Black catches the stories that, according to his introduction, \"fall through the cracks\", and comments on them in a humorous rant. The segment starts with an opening riff in the style of the AC/DC song \"Back in Black\". The segment originated in 1996, when Craig Kilborn was still host of \"The Daily Show\".", "The Opposition with Jordan Klepper The Opposition with Jordan Klepper is an American late-night talk and news satire program that aired on Comedy Central from September 25, 2017 to June 28, 2018. The show was hosted by comedian Jordan Klepper, a former correspondent on \"The Daily Show\", and satirized right-wing politics. It aired each Monday through Thursday at 11:30 pm (EST), following \"The Daily Show\". On June 15, 2018, Comedy Central announced that it was canceling the show after one season, but that Klepper would be hosting a new primetime weekly talk show, \"Klepper\". Jordan Klepper served as a correspondent on \"The Daily Show\" for three years. Klepper's segments on the show received positive reviews. During his time on the show, he substituted for Trevor Noah in October 2016. In April 2017, Comedy Central announced that Klepper would host a new show, debuting in the fall, that would follow \"The Daily Show\". In July 2017, the title of the show was revealed to be \"The Opposition with Jordan Klepper\", and had a premiere scheduled for September 25, 2017. On June 15, 2018, Comedy Central announced the show would be ending after its June 28 episode. Klepper served as host. The show had \"citizen journalists\", which is a concept similar to \"The Daily Show\"'s correspondents: Josh Sharp, Aaron Jackson, Laura Grey, Kobi Libii, Niccole Thurman and Tim Baltz.", "In addition to changes in the tone of the show, Noah has also implemented stylistic changes to the show, with an updated set, new graphics and his monologue sometimes taking place while standing in front of a screen as opposed to sitting at the desk. Trevor also increased the usage of more millennial-based references, impersonations and characterizations for his comedy on the show, due to his younger demographic and his ability to speak in multiple accents and eight languages. The debut of The Daily Show with Trevor Noah brought along three new correspondents: Roy Wood Jr., Desi Lydic and Ronny Chieng. Additional correspondents were added in 2017. Michael Kosta became the Senior Constitutional Correspondent and Senior American Correspondent in July 11, 2017. Dulce Sloan became the Senior Fashion Correspondent in September 7, 2017. In January 2016, The Daily Show with Trevor Noah started to use a modified version of the show's previous theme, composed by Timbaland and King Logan. The theme is a remix of the old theme with the addition of rock. Trevor Noah also avoided talking too much about Fox News, as Stewart was previously known for. \"The Daily Show was based on an emerging 24 hour news cycle, that's everything it was, that's what inspired The Daily Show. Now you look at news and it's changed. It's no longer predicated around 24 hour news. There are so many different choices. Half of it is online now. Now you've got the 'Gawker's, the 'Buzzfeed's. The way people are drawing their news is soundbites and headlines and click-bait links has changed everything.", "Cherebin's youngest child, Francis (1830\u20131892), later emigrated to Grenada. Having previously worked for three years as a writer on \"King of the Hill\", Cenac garnered public attention in The Doomed Planet comedy sketch in which he did an impression of then-senator Barack Obama, discussing possible campaign posters. In June 2008, Cenac was hired as a correspondent and writer on \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". After making several comedic appearances along with other correspondents, Cenac filed his first field report on July 21, 2008; titled \"Baruch Obama,\" the report discussed Jewish voters' opinions of Democratic Presidential nominee Barack Obama. He continued to integrate satirical Black-oriented material in his \"Daily Show\" segments, including \"Rapper or Republican\" until his final \"Daily Show\" appearance on December 13, 2012. In a July 2015 appearance on \"WTF with Marc Maron\", Cenac revealed that his departure from \"The Daily Show\" stemmed in part from a heated argument he had with Jon Stewart over a June 2011 \"Daily Show\" bit about Republican Presidential candidate Herman Cain. Despite this, Wyatt appeared on Stewart's final episode of \"Daily Show\"; both agreed that they're \"good\", a reference to the Maron podcast. In October 2009, he worked with rapper Slim Thug on the music video \"Still a Boss\", a parody of how the recession is affecting the rap community. Cenac costarred in \"Medicine for Melancholy\", an independent drama by Barry Jenkins released in 2008 that includes issues of African American identity and gentrification in San Francisco. Cenac plays the voice of Lenny and Michael Johnson in the Nickelodeon animated series \"Fanboy & Chum Chum\". Cenac guest-starred on the MC Frontalot album \"Solved\".", "List of The Daily Show episodes (2015) This is a list of episodes for \"The Daily Show\" in 2015. This is the final year of \"The Daily Show\" to be hosted by Jon Stewart, whose final episode was on August 6, 2015. This is also the first year of \"The Daily Show\" to be hosted by Trevor Noah, whose first episode was on September 28, 2015. On February 10, 2015, Stewart announced that he would resign at a later time in the year. Stewart's hour-plus-long final episode on August 6 featured reunions with former Daily Show correspondents and cameo video clips from people Stewart had targeted over the years including Bill O'Reilly, John McCain, Chris Christie, and Hillary Clinton. It concluded with a performance by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. On March 30, 2015, Comedy Central announced that Trevor Noah will become the host of \"The Daily Show\" following the departure of Stewart. Noah's half hour-plus-long first episode on September 28 was simulcast by Viacom on Nick-at-Nite, Spike, MTV, MTV2, mtvU, VH1, VH1 Classic, BET, Centric, CMT, TV Land, and Logo TV."], "answer": {"text": "Rob Riggle reported from Iraq. In August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled \"Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon\",", "answer_start": 1249}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the correspondent segments on The Daily Show?", "answer": {"text": "The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are the correspondents?", "answer": {"text": "The cast of correspondents is quite diverse, and many often sarcastically portray extreme stereotypes of themselves to poke fun at a news story,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d4c71854d7e94f49adac866a7b076288_1_q#3", "question": "What else did Riggle do?", "rewrite": "What else did Riggle do on The Daily Show  besides report from Iraq and  travel to China for a series of segments titled \"Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon\",?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Rob Riggle Robert Allen Riggle Jr. (born April 21, 1970) is an American actor, comedian, and retired United States Marine Corps Reserve officer. He worked as a correspondent on Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show\" from 2006 to 2008, as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" from 2004 to 2005, and for his comedic roles in films such as \"The Hangover\", \"The Other Guys\", \"Let's Be Cops\", \"Dumb & Dumber To\", \"21 Jump Street\", \"22 Jump Street\", \"\", and \"Step Brothers\". He has also co-starred in the Adult Swim comedy-action series \"\". He has provided voice work for \"The Lorax\" and \"Hotel Transylvania 2\". In 2012, Riggle replaced Frank Caliendo for the comedy skit and prognostication portions of \"Fox NFL Sunday\". Riggle was born in Louisville, Kentucky, the son of Sandra and Robert Allen Riggle, who worked in insurance. His family moved to Overland Park, Kansas, when he was two. He attended Shawnee Mission South High School, where he was involved in the school's radio and TV stations. He was voted the most humorous in high school and graduated in 1988. Riggle later attended the University of Kansas, where he was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, attained his pilot's license, and in 1992, graduated with a B.A. in Theater and Film. He went on to earn a Master of Public Administration degree from Webster University in 1997. Riggle joined the Marines in 1990 after getting his pilot's license, intending to become a Naval Aviator, but left flight school in order to pursue his comedy career.", "On August 3, 2010, Riggle made a surprise cameo on \"The Daily Show\" during an interview with Will Ferrell. While Ferrell and Stewart began discussing Riggle's \"lack of talent\" and making other disparaging remarks about him, Riggle suddenly walked onto the set to surprise them and asks if they were talking about him. Riggle's intimidating presence appears to make Ferrell and Stewart visibly afraid, continuing the running joke that Stewart is very afraid of Riggle. Previously, Riggle's live comedy work was mostly improvisational and sketch based, but beginning in 2006 he wanted to try something different and decided to work on creating a stand-up comedy act. After working on his act in various comedy clubs throughout New York City, he later began touring colleges and other local comedy clubs, often performing in stand-up shows with John Oliver and other writers from \"The Daily Show\". Riggle credits John Oliver for first encouraging him to try stand-up while they shared an office together at \"The Daily Show\". Riggle hosted an episode of Comedy Central's stand-up series \"Live at Gotham\" on December 4, 2009. He also taped a \"Comedy Central Presents\" special that aired on March 5, 2010. Riggle played the character of Eddie Reynolds in \"\", a 2004 film starring Rob Corddry as the lead character, and featuring almost all of the Respecto Montalban group. Later that year Riggle was one of the \"Flab Four\" on the Comedy Central mini-series \"Straight Plan for the Gay Man\", a parody of \"Queer Eye for the Straight Guy\" that ran for three episodes. In 2006, Riggle guest-starred as a boat captain named Captain Jack on the \"Booze Cruise\" episode of \"The Office\", and as an anti-euthanasia activist on \"Arrested Development\".", "Rob Riggle's Ski Master Academy Rob Riggle's Ski Master Academy is an American comedy web television series starring Rob Riggle that premiered on August 23, 2018 on Sony Crackle. \"Rob Riggle's Ski Master Academy\" follows Rob Riggle, \"who is mostly known for his legendary ski master movies, has invested all of his money and reputation into an Academy celebrating America\u2019s truest art form \u2013 personal watercraft riding. Rob, his legendary stunt man commandant Dirk Hamsteak and their entire staff of instructors spend a semester defending their beloved Academy at all costs. No matter how many people criticize it...go missing...or die!\" On January 14, 2018, it was announced that Sony Crackle was developing a new half-hour comedy series written and executive produced by Rob Riggle entitled \"Rob Riggle's Jet Ski Academy\". On March 29, 2018, it was announced that Sony Crackle had given the show, now titled \"Rob Riggle's Ski Master Academy\", a series order consisting of a first season of eight episodes. The show was created and written by Riggle who is also set to serve as an executive producer alongside Jonathan Stern, Keith Quinn, Bennett Webber, and Chris Pizzi. Production companies involved in the series include Sonar Entertainment and Abominable Pictures. On July 10, 2018, it was announced that the series would premiere on August 23, 2018. Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that the main cast would include Riggle, Billy Merritt, Britt Baron, Eliza Coupe, Dave (Gruber) Allen, Alison Rich, Carl Tart, Samm Levine, and Rizwan Manji.", "He has portrayed Larry the Cable Guy, Howard Dean, Rick Sanchez, Mark McGwire, and Toby Keith, and had a one-shot character named Leviticus, a loud, violent street preacher who only appeared on a Weekend Update segment on the Christmas episode hosted by Robert De Niro (another sketch featuring Leviticus was scheduled to air on the episode hosted by Hilary Swank, but that sketch was cut after dress rehearsal). Prior to being hired as a cast member, Riggle also appeared in a non-speaking role in the previous season (season 29) in a pre-taped parody of \"Fear Factor\". Riggle played the father of one of the child contestants during the \"Breakfast in Bed\" challenge in which a child must eat the maggots off a plate of Eggs Benedict or his parents will divorce. In September 2006, he joined the cast of \"The Daily Show\" to replace the departing Rob Corddry. Riggle made his debut on \"The Daily Show\" on September 20, 2006. One piece that \"TV Guide\" regarded as his signature segment \"Marines in Berkeley\", a segment in which he dressed in hippie regalia to spoof University of California, Berkeley peace activists protesting a local Marines recruiting station. During the 2008 Olympics, Riggle traveled to China to tape sketches for \"The Daily Show\", producing a four-part special feature titled \"Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon.\" Riggle left \"The Daily Show\" on December 10, 2008, in his words \"to go fight crime\"; however, he appeared at Bonnaroo 2009\u2014along with John Oliver and Rory Albanese, one of the show's executive producers\u2014in a show entitled \"An Evening (or Afternoon) with The Daily Show featuring John Oliver, Rob Riggle & Rory Albanese\".", "The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent--typically introduced as the show's \"senior\" specialist in the subject at hand--either at the anchor desk with the host or reporting from a false location in front of a greenscreen showing stock footage. Their stated areas of expertise vary depending on the news story that is being discussed, and can range from relatively general (such as Senior Political Analyst) to absurdly specific (such as Senior Religious Registry Correspondent). The cast of correspondents is quite diverse, and many often sarcastically portray extreme stereotypes of themselves to poke fun at a news story, such as \"Senior Latino Correspondent\", \"Senior Youth Correspondent\" or \"Senior Black Correspondent\". They typically present absurd or humorously exaggerated takes on current events against the host's straight man. While correspondents stated to be reporting abroad are usually performing in-studio in front of a greenscreen background, on rare occasions, cast members have recorded pieces on location. For instance, during the week of August 20, 2007, the show aired a series of segments called \"Operation Silent Thunder: The Daily Show in Iraq\" in which correspondent Rob Riggle reported from Iraq. In August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled \"Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon\", which focused on the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Jason Jones traveled to Iran in early June 2009 to report on the Iranian elections, and John Oliver traveled to South Africa for the series of segments \"Into Africa\" to report on the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In March 2012, John Oliver traveled to Gabon, on the west African coast, to report on the Gabonese government's decision to donate $2 million to UNESCO after the United States cut its funding for UNESCO earlier that year."], "answer": {"text": "Correspondent segments feature a rotating supporting cast, and involve the show's members travelling to different locations to file comedic reports", "answer_start": 143}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the correspondent segments on The Daily Show?", "answer": {"text": "The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are the correspondents?", "answer": {"text": "The cast of correspondents is quite diverse, and many often sarcastically portray extreme stereotypes of themselves to poke fun at a news story,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any notable correspondents?", "answer": {"text": "Rob Riggle reported from Iraq. In August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled \"Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon\",", "answer_start": 1249, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d4c71854d7e94f49adac866a7b076288_1_q#4", "question": "Is there anything else significant about the correspondent segments?", "rewrite": "Is there anything else significant about the Daily Show  correspondent segments besides Rob Riggles' segments ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Full Frontal with Samantha Bee Full Frontal with Samantha Bee is an American late-night talk and news satire television program that airs on TBS. The show premiered on February 8, 2016, and is hosted by comedian Samantha Bee, a former correspondent on \"The Daily Show\". The show airs on Wednesdays at 10:30 p.m. EST. In January 2018, TBS renewed the show for a third and fourth season, set to air through 2020. Samantha Bee served as a correspondent on \"The Daily Show\" for 12 years, becoming its longest tenured correspondent. She was not approached about succeeding Jon Stewart as the show's host when Stewart announced he would leave the show. Bee and her husband, Jason Jones, pitched television shows to networks, and their scripted series, called \"The Detour\", was picked up by TBS in February 2015. TBS then decided to extend their relationship with Bee to develop a late-night talk show to pair with \"Conan\". Bee hired Jo Miller and Miles Kahn, formerly producers of \"The Daily Show\", as executive producers for her new show. They set up a blind process for hiring writers that hid the gender and experience level of the applicants, resulting in a writing staff that is approximately half female and 30% non-white. The show hired Winter Miller to help develop a mentorship program to help diversify the writing room. Before the show's format was finalized, Bee indicated that she would have segments that focus on news headlines, field pieces, and \"grab bag\" segments. She filmed a segment about how the Veterans Health Administration was not prepared to treat female soldiers, and filmed a segment in Jordan. Showrunner Jo Miller indicated that the show will be more interested in injustice than in hypocrisy. There are no interview guests on the series, but a number of guest actors have appeared in various segments.", "When Sedaris and Dinello were offered the opportunity to create a television series for HBO Downtown Productions, Colbert left The Second City and relocated to New York to work with them on the sketch comedy show Exit 57. The series debuted on Comedy Central in 1995 and aired through 1996. Although it lasted for only 12 episodes, the show received favorable reviews and was nominated for five CableACE Awards in 1995, in categories including best writing, performance, and comedy series. Following the cancelation of Exit 57, Colbert worked for six months as a cast member and writer on The Dana Carvey Show, alongside former Second City castmate Steve Carell, and also Robert Smigel, Charlie Kaufman, Louis C.K., and Dino Stamatopoulos, among others. The series, described by one reviewer as \"kamikaze satire\" in \"borderline-questionable taste\", had sponsors pull out after its first episode aired and was cancelled after seven episodes. Colbert then worked briefly as a freelance writer for Saturday Night Live with Robert Smigel. Smigel brought his animated sketch, The Ambiguously Gay Duo, to SNL from The Dana Carvey Show; Colbert provided the voice of Ace on both series, opposite Steve Carell as Gary. Needing money, he also worked as a script consultant for VH1 and MTV, before taking a job filming humorous correspondent segments for Good Morning America. Only two of the segments he proposed were ever produced and only one aired, but the job led his agent to refer him to The Daily Show's then-producer, Madeline Smithberg, who hired Colbert on a trial basis in 1997.", "Jason Jones (actor)  Jason Pierre Jones (born June 3, 1973) is a Canadian-American actor and comedian. He was a correspondent on \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\" from 2005 to 2015. Since 2016, Jones has starred in the TBS comedy series \"The Detour\", which he created with his wife, Samantha Bee. Jones was born and raised in Hamilton, Ontario. He attended Hill Park Secondary School and then Ryerson Theatre School in Toronto. Jones is married to Samantha Bee, the host of \"Full Frontal with Samantha Bee\" and fellow former \"The Daily Show\" correspondent, with whom he has three children: daughter Piper Bee-Jones (born 2006), son Fletcher Bee-Jones (born 2008), and daughter Ripley Bee-Jones (born 2010). In 2014, he became a United States citizen. In September 2005, Jones joined \"The Daily Show\" cast as a contributor. When his wife left the show in late December for family leave, Jones was promoted to a full-time correspondent. Thereafter, he won a significant following at \"The Daily Show\", thanks to a few pieces on the Denmark cartoons, Carl Monday, and . Before Rob Corddry left \"The Daily Show\", he said: \"Jason Jones has raised the bar too high. I just can't say the things he says to people.\" His expos\u00e9 on the real values of Wasilla, Alaska remains one of the most popular pieces on the \"Daily Show\" website. In 2014, Jones temporarily left \"The Daily Show\" to appear in a pilot for the sitcom \" Love Is Relative\". In June 2009, Jones was sent to Tehran just prior to the controversial 2009 presidential election. Jones' reports in Iran included an interview with \"Newsweek\" journalist Maziar Bahari, who was arrested after the disputed June 2009 presidential elections.", "When Sedaris and Dinello were offered the opportunity to create a television series for HBO Downtown Productions, Colbert left The Second City and relocated to New York to work with them on the sketch comedy show Exit 57. The series debuted on Comedy Central in 1995 and aired through 1996. Although it lasted for only 12 episodes, the show received favorable reviews and was nominated for five CableACE Awards in 1995, in categories including best writing, performance, and comedy series. Following the cancelation of Exit 57, Colbert worked for six months as a cast member and writer on The Dana Carvey Show, alongside former Second City castmate Steve Carell, and also Robert Smigel, Charlie Kaufman, Louis C.K., and Dino Stamatopoulos, among others. The series, described by one reviewer as \"kamikaze satire\" in \"borderline-questionable taste\", had sponsors pull out after its first episode aired and was cancelled after seven episodes. Colbert then worked briefly as a freelance writer for Saturday Night Live with Robert Smigel. Smigel brought his animated sketch, The Ambiguously Gay Duo, to SNL from The Dana Carvey Show; Colbert provided the voice of Ace on both series, opposite Steve Carell as Gary. Needing money, he also worked as a script consultant for VH1 and MTV, before taking a job filming humorous correspondent segments for Good Morning America. Only two of the segments he proposed were ever produced and only one aired, but the job led his agent to refer him to The Daily Show's then-producer, Madeline Smithberg, who hired Colbert on a trial basis in 1997. During the same period, Colbert worked again with Sedaris and Dinello to develop a new comedy series for Comedy Central, Strangers with Candy. Comedy Central picked up the series in 1998 after Colbert had already begun working on The Daily Show.", "List of The Daily Show recurring segments This is a list of recurring segments featured on \"The Daily Show\". This list is incomplete for \"The Daily Show with Craig Kilborn\" and \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". During \"The Daily Show\"s first ten years, a significant part of its airtime was devoted to different branded recurring segments, usually hosted by the show's correspondents. After the 2005 launch of \"The Colbert Report\", which was largely made up of different recurring segments, the time devoted to such segments on \"The Daily Show\" has declined. Normal commentary segments about ongoing news stories can also have recurring titles to help sort them and talk about continuation. Your Moment of Zen is a segment that occurs at the end of every show. The segment was introduced when the show began. In it, the host would end the show and a random selection of humorous videos would be shown, usually a clip that relates to one of the topics that was discussed in the episode. Hosts generally introduce the segment by saying, \"Here it is, Your Moment of Zen\". Sometimes, the Moment of Zen will be used a tribute to a celebrity or prominent figure who has recently passed away. Moments of Zen are replaced by musical guests who play out the episode with an additional performance. The segment continues under current host Trevor Noah with the same structure. List of Different or Special Moments of Zen:   Back in Black with Lewis Black is a popular segment on the show, where \"America's foremost commentator on everything\" and comedian Lewis Black catches the stories that, according to his introduction, \"fall through the cracks\", and comments on them in a humorous rant. The segment starts with an opening riff in the style of the AC/DC song \"Back in Black\". The segment originated in 1996, when Craig Kilborn was still host of \"The Daily Show\"."], "answer": {"text": "While correspondents stated to be reporting abroad are usually performing in-studio in front of a greenscreen background, on rare occasions, cast members have recorded pieces on location.", "answer_start": 894}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the correspondent segments on The Daily Show?", "answer": {"text": "The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are the correspondents?", "answer": {"text": "The cast of correspondents is quite diverse, and many often sarcastically portray extreme stereotypes of themselves to poke fun at a news story,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any notable correspondents?", "answer": {"text": "Rob Riggle reported from Iraq. In August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled \"Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon\",", "answer_start": 1249, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Riggle do?", "answer": {"text": "Correspondent segments feature a rotating supporting cast, and involve the show's members travelling to different locations to file comedic reports", "answer_start": 143, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d4c71854d7e94f49adac866a7b076288_1_q#5", "question": "What else happens during these segments?", "rewrite": "What else happens during the Daily Show in-studio segments besides fake reporting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of The Grand Tour episodes \"The Grand Tour\" is a British motoring television series for Amazon Prime Video, presented by Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and James May. The programme focuses on conducting reviews of various models of car, new models and vintage classics, as well as tackling motoring-styled challenges and races, and features the use of studio segments between pre-recorded films. The following is a list of episodes, listed in order of their original air date, along with information regarding featured cars that were reviewed and the main feature of the episode; for the second series only, the list also includes the celebrity guests who appeared on the programme. \" The Grand Tour\" conducted its studio segments via a travelling tent for the first series only, information pertaining its location is briefly described within the first sentence of the short summary for each listed episode of the respective series. < onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Throughout the first series, the programme hosted its studio segments across various foreign locales, with only two locations being used for two separate, consecutive episodes in this series. The only exception is the two-part special, where there were no studio segments filmed. Celebrities were not part of the show's format throughout this series - most celebrities mentioned within studio segments were look-alikes used in a special segment only used for this series - with the exception of a couple of episodes. From this series onwards, the tent would now be permanently situated in the Cotswolds and not within a foreign locale for each episode. The table below includes the celebrity guests who appeared for the celebrity segment used in this series only. Following the previous series, the appearance of celebrities on the programme was dropped, to provide more focus on films. This is also the final series to feature the tent, car reviews and timed laps.", "In the lead-up to the Beijing Olympics, the government allegedly issued guidelines to the local media for reporting during the Games: political issues not directly related to the games were to be downplayed and topics such as the Pro-Tibetan independence and East Turkestan movements as well as food safety issues such as \"cancer-causing mineral water\" were not to be reported on. However, the government claims that such a list does not exist. As the 2008 Chinese milk scandal broke out in September, the Chinese government also denied speculation from western media outlets that their desire for perfect games contributed towards the allegedly delayed recall of contaminated infant formula. This caused deaths and kidney damage in infants. On February 13, 2009, Li Dongdong, a deputy chief of the General Administration of Press and Publication, announced the introduction of a series of rules and regulations to strengthen oversight and administration of news professionals and reporting activities. The regulations would include a \"full database of people who engage in unhealthy professional conduct\" who would be excluded from engaging in news reporting and editing work. Although the controls were ostensibly to \"resolutely halt fake news\", it was criticized by Li Datong, editor at the \"China Youth Daily\" who was dismissed for criticizing state censorship. Li Datong said \"There really is a problem with fake reporting and reporters, but there are already plenty of ways to deal with that.\" \"Reuters\" said that although Communist Party's Propaganda Department micro-manages what newspapers and other media do and do not report, the government remains concerned about unrest amid the economic slowdown and the 20th anniversary of the pro-democracy protests in 1989.", "In the first series, the cars were driven by former NASCAR driver Mike Skinner, who was contracted to operate under the name \"The American\" and portray a stereotypical redneck accent and viewpoints, and making tangential speech and calling several things communist. After the first series, Skinner was dropped due to poor reception from viewers on his appearance on the programme, leading him to be replaced by British racing driver Abbie Eaton for the second series. Studio segments are mostly filmed within a large studio tent that can house an audience of around 300, with the presenters sat around a trestle table and the audience seated in front of them. Initially, the first series involved these segments being filmed within a travelling tent that was set up in various countries, with audiences acquired for the locale used for filming of the studio segments, as part of an emphasis that the programme was on a Grand Tour around the world, but in the wake of Hammond's crash in Switzerland and Clarkson's pneumonia prior to the second series, the use of a travelling tent was dropped and a more fixed location was established, with studio segments for the second series onwards being filmed on the outskirts of Chipping Norton. These live-audience segments act as breaks between pre-recorded films and are mostly based on a similar format the presenters used on \"Top Gear\", but with unique versions created for \"The Grand Tour\". A continuously used segment based on a similar one for \"Top Gear\", entitled \"Conversation Street\", focuses on the presenters discussing car news - this segment is often introduced by a video introduction of silhouettes of the presenters discussing something, accompanied by a jazz piece called \"Heavy Berry\" by Scott Robinson, with a running gag on the programme being that this introduction features something different and comedic happening in each episode since it first premiered.", "List of The Daily Show recurring segments This is a list of recurring segments featured on \"The Daily Show\". This list is incomplete for \"The Daily Show with Craig Kilborn\" and \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\". During \"The Daily Show\"s first ten years, a significant part of its airtime was devoted to different branded recurring segments, usually hosted by the show's correspondents. After the 2005 launch of \"The Colbert Report\", which was largely made up of different recurring segments, the time devoted to such segments on \"The Daily Show\" has declined. Normal commentary segments about ongoing news stories can also have recurring titles to help sort them and talk about continuation. Your Moment of Zen is a segment that occurs at the end of every show. The segment was introduced when the show began. In it, the host would end the show and a random selection of humorous videos would be shown, usually a clip that relates to one of the topics that was discussed in the episode. Hosts generally introduce the segment by saying, \"Here it is, Your Moment of Zen\". Sometimes, the Moment of Zen will be used a tribute to a celebrity or prominent figure who has recently passed away. Moments of Zen are replaced by musical guests who play out the episode with an additional performance. The segment continues under current host Trevor Noah with the same structure. List of Different or Special Moments of Zen:   Back in Black with Lewis Black is a popular segment on the show, where \"America's foremost commentator on everything\" and comedian Lewis Black catches the stories that, according to his introduction, \"fall through the cracks\", and comments on them in a humorous rant. The segment starts with an opening riff in the style of the AC/DC song \"Back in Black\". The segment originated in 1996, when Craig Kilborn was still host of \"The Daily Show\".", "The A.V. Club\" gave it a B+ and called it \"a much better version of \"Chocolate News\", which drops the sketch comedy bent for more explicit social commentary that blends \"The Daily Show\" with what Russell Brand wishes he could get on \"Brand X\"\". The \"Los Angeles Times\" also compared Bell and the show favorably to \"Brand X\", saying that \"there is a voluble sweetness to his manner that should prove a tonally better companion\" to preceding programs. The \"San Francisco Chronicle\" applauded the show's edginess, saying that \"it makes \"The Daily Show\" look like something your dad watches.\" \"Newsday\" gave the show a B- and was more critical, saying that \"Rock may want to light a fire under this act sooner than later.\" \"The A.V. Club\" reviewed the first cycle of season one, giving it a B and stating that it has \"positive progress to build on going forward. I's certainly in better shape than \"Brand X\", especially when it just lets Bell do his thing in the opening segment. But the longevity of the show will depend on the star finding a way to shape the out-of-studio segments into something more compelling and growing as an interviewer.\""], "answer": {"text": "They typically present absurd or humorously exaggerated takes on current events against the host's straight man.", "answer_start": 781}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the correspondent segments on The Daily Show?", "answer": {"text": "The monologue segment is often followed by a segment featuring an exchange with a correspondent", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are the correspondents?", "answer": {"text": "The cast of correspondents is quite diverse, and many often sarcastically portray extreme stereotypes of themselves to poke fun at a news story,", "answer_start": 535, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any notable correspondents?", "answer": {"text": "Rob Riggle reported from Iraq. In August 2008, Riggle traveled to China for a series of segments titled \"Rob Riggle: Chasing the Dragon\",", "answer_start": 1249, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did Riggle do?", "answer": {"text": "Correspondent segments feature a rotating supporting cast, and involve the show's members travelling to different locations to file comedic reports", "answer_start": 143, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is there anything else significant about the correspondent segments?", "answer": {"text": "While correspondents stated to be reporting abroad are usually performing in-studio in front of a greenscreen background, on rare occasions, cast members have recorded pieces on location.", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21f199ae97ac4b81b012a1720bb37373_1_q#0", "question": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Message to Adolf  Message to Adolf, known in Japan as and known in earlier English versions as Adolf, is a manga series made by Osamu Tezuka. The story is set before, during, and after World War II and is centered on three men with the name Adolf. Adolf Kamil is an Ashkenazi Jew living in Japan. His best friend Adolf Kaufmann is of both Japanese and German descent. The third Adolf is Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. \" Adolf\" also features Sohei Toge, a Japanese reporter, and his quest for documents that could turn the tide of the war. The work explores the themes of nationality, ethnicity, racism, and war, and includes elements of coming of age, spy fiction, and historical drama. Vertical, Inc. currently publishes the series in English with Kumar Sivasubramanian as the translator, and Viz Media formerly published the series in English. It is considered the last completed serialized work of Tezuka's career. The story of \"Adolf\" begins in 1936 as Japanese reporter Sohei Toge travels to Berlin to cover the Berlin Olympic Games. Upon arriving, he finds that his younger brother, who has been studying in Germany as an international student, has been murdered and had connections with Communist organisations. Furthermore, all traces of information regarding his younger brother's study in Germany has vanished. Investigating the matter, he later learns that his brother's murder is connected to documents he mailed to Japan with information regarding Adolf Hitler. This information is crucial to the Third Reich as it contains proof that Adolf Hitler has Jewish blood. A member of the Nazi Party living in Japan named Wolfgang Kaufmann is ordered to find the documents. He expects his son, Japanese-German Adolf Kaufmann, to become a strong supporter of Adolf Hitler and the German Reich.", "Walter Charles Langer Walter Charles Langer (February 5, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1981) was an American psychoanalyst who was best known for preparing a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Langer studied the field of psychoanalysis at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he also worked as a professor upon completion of his education. The field of psychoanalytics later led Langer to be employed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) where in the year of 1943 he prepared a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler. Within this analysis, Langer successfully predicted Hitler's suicide as the \"most plausible outcome\", as well as the possibility of a military coup against Hitler well before the assassination attempt of 1944. Following his psychological analysis and Hitler's death, Langer wrote a report surrounding the events of Adolf Hitler's life titled \"The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Secret Wartime Report\". This publication is Langer's most notable work; however, he has also produced writings such as \"Psychology and Human Living\", \"A Psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler: His Life and Legend\", and \"Dissecting the Hitler Mind\". Langer was born on February 5, 1899 in South Boston to Charles Rudolph and Johanna Rockenbach, recent immigrants from Germany. His mother was born to a Lutheran household in Zweibr\u00fccken, Germany, and his father was a member of the Moravian Brethren from Silesia, Germany. Langer had an older brother named William and another brother named Rudolph Langer. The family later moved when Charles became an owner of a florist shop. After their father passed away on 1899, the family lost all their savings. To help support the family Walter worked at a grocery store while going to school.", "Knut Hamsun's obituary of Adolf Hitler In 1945 at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper \"Aftenposten\". Hamsun's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper's feature article on Hitler's death. The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece. The short obituary reads \"in extenso\": \"Adolf Hitler \"I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite. \"Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations. He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of example less [unequaled] brutality, which in the end failed him.\" \"Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death. \"Knut Hamsun\" Knut Hamsun has been described as anti-British and pro-German, and as sympathizing with the Nazi cause. He openly supported, but even though Nasjonal Samling eventually formed a government controlled by the German \"Reichskommissar\" after the war broke out, it is clear to historians he was never actually a self-enrolled party member (in a civil lawsuit, he was found to have been a member under dissent from the professional judge, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II). Hamsun never signed up for any membership in the NS, although NS included him. Nonetheless, Hamsun was an opponent of the \"Reichskommissar\" Josef Terboven, and in 1943 he unsuccessfully appealed to Adolf Hitler in person to remove Terboven from office.", "\"--Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945 - April 1945  Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as \"Aryans of the East \" Adolf Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German Wehrmacht as part of their combat training. Since 1926, Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially. Germany had also sent advisers such as Alexander von Falkenhausen and Hans von Seeckt to assist the Chinese, most notably in the Chinese Civil War and China's anti-communist campaigns. Max Bauer was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time, Hsiang-hsi Kung, the Republic of China Minister of Finance, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Adolf Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting,  Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht bestowed upon Hsiang-hsi Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. And in order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht earmarked for 100,000 reichsmarks for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Additionally, Hsiang-hsi Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was Chiang Wei-kuo, the son of Republic of China", "There, Kempka took Braun's lifeless body from Martin Bormann and carried it halfway up the exit stairs before handing it over to G\u00fcnsche, who carried it outside from the bunker exit and placed it on the ground of the Chancellery garden next to Hitler's corpse to be burned. Despite his questionable reliability on certain points, many interviewers quote Kempka in their accounts of Hitler's suicide because of his colorful (and raunchy) language. For example, one interviewer, O'Donnell, recounted the following quips in his book, \"The Bunker\":   At the Nuremberg trials, Kempka was called to testify in relation to the last time he saw Bormann. He later referred to Eva Braun as \"the unhappiest woman in Germany\". He was released on 9 October 1947. Kempka retained his association with the \"F\u00fchrerbegleitkommando\" by attending reunions of I SS Panzer Corps members until the year before his death. Kempka died on 24 January 1975, aged sixty-four, in Freiberg am Neckar. His memoirs first appeared in 1951 under the title \"Ich habe Adolf Hitler verbrannt\" (\"I cremated Adolf Hitler\"). In 1975, it was reissued with a foreword by author and former member of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler Erich Kern under the less sensationalist title \"Die letzten Tage mit Adolf Hitler\" (\"The Last Days with Adolf Hitler\"). An English edition of the book was published in 2010 by Frontline Books-Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., under the title \"I was Hitler's Chauffeur: The Memoirs of Erich Kempka\", with an introduction by historian Roger Moorhouse."], "answer": {"text": "He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Polzl.", "answer_start": 194}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_21f199ae97ac4b81b012a1720bb37373_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he live during his childhood?", "rewrite": "Where did Adolf Hitler live during his childhood?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Veitikka  Veitikka - A. Hitlerin el\u00e4m\u00e4 ja teot is a pseudo-historical black humor novel written by Veikko Huovinen. Its opening suggests that it is a product of original research into the personal history of Adolf Hitler, undertaken to dispel the myths concerning Hitler and attempting to understand his motivations in beginning the Second World War. However, the novel is in fact an elaborate mockery of Hitler, using numerous false documents in order to tell an absurd history of the dictator. By 1970, Veikko Huovinen had established himself as a prominent author of folksy comedy novels in Finland. He had begun exhibiting a strong affinity to pacifism with his novel \"Rauhanpiippu\" in 1956, but during the 1960s had not written anything obviously political. \" Veitikka\", therefore, was a shock to his fans and readers in general, as using Adolf Hitler as a vehicle for comedy was unheard of at that time. Huovinen had even as a young man been fascinated with Hitler; his father had been a fervent opponent of Nazis during the Second World War (despite Finland's quasi-alliance with Germany), and Huovinen wondered why anyone would follow such an obvious madman. By 1970, his despair over the failings of mankind had crystallized to an idea to write about a dictator - Adolf Hitler. The novel begins with the birth of Adolf Hitler and his early childhood. Huovinen describes the young Adolf as a rebellious child with a weak constitution, but with an intimidating gaze and vulgar speech. Also, his uncanny ability with a rifle is commented upon. Adolf eventually ends up as a vagrant in the streets of Vienna, selling mediocre watercolor paintings.", "Adolf Hitler's wealth and income Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany and at the center of World War II in Europe, earned millions of \"Reichsmarks\" throughout his political career, mainly through sales of his book \"Mein Kampf\" (\"My Struggle\") and his combined Chancellor and President salaries. After coming to power, Hitler moved to make himself tax-exempt. Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 and grew up in Braunau am Inn, a small Austrian village on the border with Germany. His family was rather poor and three of his siblings\u2014Gustav, Ida and Otto\u2014 died in infancy due to common childhood diseases. Hitler's father, Alois, unsuccessfully tried to establish a farm, and his wife, Klara, was a housewife. In 1913, Hitler received legacies from his deceased relatives and decided to move to Munich, a large German city located in Bavaria. Once in Munich, Hitler lived a Bohemian life alongside his childhood friend August Kubizek. The two shared a room rented from a local tailor. Hitler painted pictures, watercolors and copied postcards and sold them to tourists for the small profit. In 1907, he applied to join Vienna's Academy of Fine Arts, but was rejected for a \"lack of talent\". In 1908, Hitler tried again, but was once more rejected. Shortly afterwards, Hitler ran out of money and was forced to live in homeless shelters and men's hostels. Hitler wrote his political manifesto and autobiography \"Mein Kampf\" (\"My Struggle\") in Landsberg prison while serving a sentence for high treason as a result of the failed Beer Hall Putsch of 1923.", "Knut Hamsun's obituary of Adolf Hitler In 1945 at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper \"Aftenposten\". Hamsun's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper's feature article on Hitler's death. The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece. The short obituary reads \"in extenso\": \"Adolf Hitler \"I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite. \"Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations. He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of example less [unequaled] brutality, which in the end failed him.\" \"Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death. \"Knut Hamsun\" Knut Hamsun has been described as anti-British and pro-German, and as sympathizing with the Nazi cause. He openly supported, but even though Nasjonal Samling eventually formed a government controlled by the German \"Reichskommissar\" after the war broke out, it is clear to historians he was never actually a self-enrolled party member (in a civil lawsuit, he was found to have been a member under dissent from the professional judge, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II). Hamsun never signed up for any membership in the NS, although NS included him. Nonetheless, Hamsun was an opponent of the \"Reichskommissar\" Josef Terboven, and in 1943 he unsuccessfully appealed to Adolf Hitler in person to remove Terboven from office.", "Adolf Hitler and Stefanie Rabatsch Stefanie Rabatsch (\"n\u00e9e\" Isak; born 28 December 1887 \u2013 died unknown, after 1973) was an Austrian woman who was allegedly an unrequited love of then-teenage Adolf Hitler, a claim made by Hitler's childhood friend August Kubizek. Her Jewish-sounding maiden name, Isak, has been subject to speculation in this context. However, there is no evidence apart from Kubizek that Hitler ever had such an attachment. Kubizek, a childhood friend and later biographer of his childhood experience with Hitler, wrote about Stefanie in his book, \"Adolf Hitler, My Childhood Friend\". He alleges that Hitler fell in love with her after she passed by him during her daily daughter-mother stroll in Linz, glancing at him. In Kubizek's account, although in love with her to the point of suicide, Hitler never once spoke with her, and she later married an Austrian army officer. Stefanie stated in interviews that she was unaware of Hitler's feelings towards her, and little is known about her life. The one-sided relationship has been discussed in many books. Some question the accuracy of Kubizek's memoir, the only source for the story. Others accept that there is some basis of fact, but downplay the significance of the youthful infatuation, while yet others consider that it gives valuable insight into the development of Hitler's personality. August Kubizek, a music student from Linz, first met Hitler when the two were competing for a place to stand during an opera performance. According to him, Hitler's passion for Stefanie began in spring 1905, when he was 16 and attending school in Linz, and she was 17; and lasted until 1909, when he was 20.", "\"--Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945 - April 1945  Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as \"Aryans of the East \" Adolf Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German Wehrmacht as part of their combat training. Since 1926, Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially. Germany had also sent advisers such as Alexander von Falkenhausen and Hans von Seeckt to assist the Chinese, most notably in the Chinese Civil War and China's anti-communist campaigns. Max Bauer was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time, Hsiang-hsi Kung, the Republic of China Minister of Finance, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Adolf Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting,  Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht bestowed upon Hsiang-hsi Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. And in order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht earmarked for 100,000 reichsmarks for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Additionally, Hsiang-hsi Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was Chiang Wei-kuo, the son of Republic of China"], "answer": {"text": "The family returned to Austria and settled in Leonding in 1894, and in June 1895 Alois retired to Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees.", "answer_start": 665}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Polzl.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21f199ae97ac4b81b012a1720bb37373_1_q#2", "question": "Did he live anywhere else during his childhood?", "rewrite": "Did Adolf Hitler live anywhere else during his childhood other than Austria?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"--Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945 - April 1945  Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as \"Aryans of the East \" Adolf Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German Wehrmacht as part of their combat training. Since 1926, Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially. Germany had also sent advisers such as Alexander von Falkenhausen and Hans von Seeckt to assist the Chinese, most notably in the Chinese Civil War and China's anti-communist campaigns. Max Bauer was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time, Hsiang-hsi Kung, the Republic of China Minister of Finance, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Adolf Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting,  Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht bestowed upon Hsiang-hsi Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. And in order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht earmarked for 100,000 reichsmarks for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Additionally, Hsiang-hsi Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was Chiang Wei-kuo, the son of Republic of China", "Veitikka  Veitikka - A. Hitlerin el\u00e4m\u00e4 ja teot is a pseudo-historical black humor novel written by Veikko Huovinen. Its opening suggests that it is a product of original research into the personal history of Adolf Hitler, undertaken to dispel the myths concerning Hitler and attempting to understand his motivations in beginning the Second World War. However, the novel is in fact an elaborate mockery of Hitler, using numerous false documents in order to tell an absurd history of the dictator. By 1970, Veikko Huovinen had established himself as a prominent author of folksy comedy novels in Finland. He had begun exhibiting a strong affinity to pacifism with his novel \"Rauhanpiippu\" in 1956, but during the 1960s had not written anything obviously political. \" Veitikka\", therefore, was a shock to his fans and readers in general, as using Adolf Hitler as a vehicle for comedy was unheard of at that time. Huovinen had even as a young man been fascinated with Hitler; his father had been a fervent opponent of Nazis during the Second World War (despite Finland's quasi-alliance with Germany), and Huovinen wondered why anyone would follow such an obvious madman. By 1970, his despair over the failings of mankind had crystallized to an idea to write about a dictator - Adolf Hitler. The novel begins with the birth of Adolf Hitler and his early childhood. Huovinen describes the young Adolf as a rebellious child with a weak constitution, but with an intimidating gaze and vulgar speech. Also, his uncanny ability with a rifle is commented upon. Adolf eventually ends up as a vagrant in the streets of Vienna, selling mediocre watercolor paintings.", "Adolf Hitler and Stefanie Rabatsch Stefanie Rabatsch (\"n\u00e9e\" Isak; born 28 December 1887 \u2013 died unknown, after 1973) was an Austrian woman who was allegedly an unrequited love of then-teenage Adolf Hitler, a claim made by Hitler's childhood friend August Kubizek. Her Jewish-sounding maiden name, Isak, has been subject to speculation in this context. However, there is no evidence apart from Kubizek that Hitler ever had such an attachment. Kubizek, a childhood friend and later biographer of his childhood experience with Hitler, wrote about Stefanie in his book, \"Adolf Hitler, My Childhood Friend\". He alleges that Hitler fell in love with her after she passed by him during her daily daughter-mother stroll in Linz, glancing at him. In Kubizek's account, although in love with her to the point of suicide, Hitler never once spoke with her, and she later married an Austrian army officer. Stefanie stated in interviews that she was unaware of Hitler's feelings towards her, and little is known about her life. The one-sided relationship has been discussed in many books. Some question the accuracy of Kubizek's memoir, the only source for the story. Others accept that there is some basis of fact, but downplay the significance of the youthful infatuation, while yet others consider that it gives valuable insight into the development of Hitler's personality. August Kubizek, a music student from Linz, first met Hitler when the two were competing for a place to stand during an opera performance. According to him, Hitler's passion for Stefanie began in spring 1905, when he was 16 and attending school in Linz, and she was 17; and lasted until 1909, when he was 20.", "Knut Hamsun's obituary of Adolf Hitler In 1945 at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper \"Aftenposten\". Hamsun's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper's feature article on Hitler's death. The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece. The short obituary reads \"in extenso\": \"Adolf Hitler \"I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite. \"Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations. He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of example less [unequaled] brutality, which in the end failed him.\" \"Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death. \"Knut Hamsun\" Knut Hamsun has been described as anti-British and pro-German, and as sympathizing with the Nazi cause. He openly supported, but even though Nasjonal Samling eventually formed a government controlled by the German \"Reichskommissar\" after the war broke out, it is clear to historians he was never actually a self-enrolled party member (in a civil lawsuit, he was found to have been a member under dissent from the professional judge, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II). Hamsun never signed up for any membership in the NS, although NS included him. Nonetheless, Hamsun was an opponent of the \"Reichskommissar\" Josef Terboven, and in 1943 he unsuccessfully appealed to Adolf Hitler in person to remove Terboven from office.", "Adolf Hitler's Munich apartment Adolf Hitler's Munich apartment was an apartment owned by Adolf Hitler, located at Prinzregentenplatz 16 in the German city of Munich, the birthplace and capital of the Nazi Party which was formed in Munich in 1920. After Hitler was discharged from the German Army in March 1920, he returned to Munich and went to work full-time for the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi Party), which was headquartered in that city. He rented a small bedroom at Thierschstrasse 41 from 1920 to 1929. Later, he rented a second room to use as an office. In 1936, the Munich city council placed a plaque on the building which read, \"Adolf Hitler lived in this house from 1 May 1920 to 5 October 1929\". The building still stands; Hitler's former room is used for storage. In 1929, Hitler moved into a luxury nine room apartment at Prinzregentenplatz 16. The apartment was on the second floor (according to European convention; third floor by American convention) and included two kitchens and two bathrooms. His publisher initially paid for it; a decade later Hitler paid for it outright. Eventually, the whole building became property of the Nazi Party. The apartment was furnished with furniture and decorations designed by Gerdy Troost, widow of architect Paul Ludwig Troost, a member of the Nazi Party and architectural advisor of Hitler. Hitler filled the apartment with works of art he had collected, particularly nineteenth-century German paintings as well as German Old Masters. In 1925, Hitler brought his widowed half-sister Angela Raubal from Austria to serve as housekeeper for both his Munich apartment and his rented villa The Berghof. She brought along her two daughters, Geli and Friedl. Hitler became very close to his niece Geli Raubal, and she moved into his apartment in 1929, when she was 20."], "answer": {"text": "Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary (in present-day Austria), close to the border with the German Empire.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Polzl.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "The family returned to Austria and settled in Leonding in 1894, and in June 1895 Alois retired to Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21f199ae97ac4b81b012a1720bb37373_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he go to school as a child?", "rewrite": "Where did Adolf Hitler go to school as a child?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Knut Hamsun's obituary of Adolf Hitler In 1945 at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper \"Aftenposten\". Hamsun's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper's feature article on Hitler's death. The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece. The short obituary reads \"in extenso\": \"Adolf Hitler \"I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite. \"Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations. He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of example less [unequaled] brutality, which in the end failed him.\" \"Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death. \"Knut Hamsun\" Knut Hamsun has been described as anti-British and pro-German, and as sympathizing with the Nazi cause. He openly supported, but even though Nasjonal Samling eventually formed a government controlled by the German \"Reichskommissar\" after the war broke out, it is clear to historians he was never actually a self-enrolled party member (in a civil lawsuit, he was found to have been a member under dissent from the professional judge, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II). Hamsun never signed up for any membership in the NS, although NS included him. Nonetheless, Hamsun was an opponent of the \"Reichskommissar\" Josef Terboven, and in 1943 he unsuccessfully appealed to Adolf Hitler in person to remove Terboven from office.", "Walter Charles Langer Walter Charles Langer (February 5, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1981) was an American psychoanalyst who was best known for preparing a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Langer studied the field of psychoanalysis at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he also worked as a professor upon completion of his education. The field of psychoanalytics later led Langer to be employed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) where in the year of 1943 he prepared a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler. Within this analysis, Langer successfully predicted Hitler's suicide as the \"most plausible outcome\", as well as the possibility of a military coup against Hitler well before the assassination attempt of 1944. Following his psychological analysis and Hitler's death, Langer wrote a report surrounding the events of Adolf Hitler's life titled \"The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Secret Wartime Report\". This publication is Langer's most notable work; however, he has also produced writings such as \"Psychology and Human Living\", \"A Psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler: His Life and Legend\", and \"Dissecting the Hitler Mind\". Langer was born on February 5, 1899 in South Boston to Charles Rudolph and Johanna Rockenbach, recent immigrants from Germany. His mother was born to a Lutheran household in Zweibr\u00fccken, Germany, and his father was a member of the Moravian Brethren from Silesia, Germany. Langer had an older brother named William and another brother named Rudolph Langer. The family later moved when Charles became an owner of a florist shop. After their father passed away on 1899, the family lost all their savings. To help support the family Walter worked at a grocery store while going to school.", "Veitikka  Veitikka - A. Hitlerin el\u00e4m\u00e4 ja teot is a pseudo-historical black humor novel written by Veikko Huovinen. Its opening suggests that it is a product of original research into the personal history of Adolf Hitler, undertaken to dispel the myths concerning Hitler and attempting to understand his motivations in beginning the Second World War. However, the novel is in fact an elaborate mockery of Hitler, using numerous false documents in order to tell an absurd history of the dictator. By 1970, Veikko Huovinen had established himself as a prominent author of folksy comedy novels in Finland. He had begun exhibiting a strong affinity to pacifism with his novel \"Rauhanpiippu\" in 1956, but during the 1960s had not written anything obviously political. \" Veitikka\", therefore, was a shock to his fans and readers in general, as using Adolf Hitler as a vehicle for comedy was unheard of at that time. Huovinen had even as a young man been fascinated with Hitler; his father had been a fervent opponent of Nazis during the Second World War (despite Finland's quasi-alliance with Germany), and Huovinen wondered why anyone would follow such an obvious madman. By 1970, his despair over the failings of mankind had crystallized to an idea to write about a dictator - Adolf Hitler. The novel begins with the birth of Adolf Hitler and his early childhood. Huovinen describes the young Adolf as a rebellious child with a weak constitution, but with an intimidating gaze and vulgar speech. Also, his uncanny ability with a rifle is commented upon. Adolf eventually ends up as a vagrant in the streets of Vienna, selling mediocre watercolor paintings.", "\"--Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945 - April 1945  Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as \"Aryans of the East \" Adolf Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German Wehrmacht as part of their combat training. Since 1926, Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially. Germany had also sent advisers such as Alexander von Falkenhausen and Hans von Seeckt to assist the Chinese, most notably in the Chinese Civil War and China's anti-communist campaigns. Max Bauer was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time, Hsiang-hsi Kung, the Republic of China Minister of Finance, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Adolf Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting,  Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht bestowed upon Hsiang-hsi Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. And in order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht earmarked for 100,000 reichsmarks for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Additionally, Hsiang-hsi Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was Chiang Wei-kuo, the son of Republic of China", "Message to Adolf  Message to Adolf, known in Japan as and known in earlier English versions as Adolf, is a manga series made by Osamu Tezuka. The story is set before, during, and after World War II and is centered on three men with the name Adolf. Adolf Kamil is an Ashkenazi Jew living in Japan. His best friend Adolf Kaufmann is of both Japanese and German descent. The third Adolf is Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. \" Adolf\" also features Sohei Toge, a Japanese reporter, and his quest for documents that could turn the tide of the war. The work explores the themes of nationality, ethnicity, racism, and war, and includes elements of coming of age, spy fiction, and historical drama. Vertical, Inc. currently publishes the series in English with Kumar Sivasubramanian as the translator, and Viz Media formerly published the series in English. It is considered the last completed serialized work of Tezuka's career. The story of \"Adolf\" begins in 1936 as Japanese reporter Sohei Toge travels to Berlin to cover the Berlin Olympic Games. Upon arriving, he finds that his younger brother, who has been studying in Germany as an international student, has been murdered and had connections with Communist organisations. Furthermore, all traces of information regarding his younger brother's study in Germany has vanished. Investigating the matter, he later learns that his brother's murder is connected to documents he mailed to Japan with information regarding Adolf Hitler. This information is crucial to the Third Reich as it contains proof that Adolf Hitler has Jewish blood. A member of the Nazi Party living in Japan named Wolfgang Kaufmann is ordered to find the documents. He expects his son, Japanese-German Adolf Kaufmann, to become a strong supporter of Adolf Hitler and the German Reich."], "answer": {"text": "Hitler attended Volksschule (a state-owned school) in nearby Fischlham.", "answer_start": 816}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Polzl.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "The family returned to Austria and settled in Leonding in 1894, and in June 1895 Alois retired to Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he live anywhere else during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary (in present-day Austria), close to the border with the German Empire.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21f199ae97ac4b81b012a1720bb37373_1_q#4", "question": "Did he have an hobbies?", "rewrite": "Did Adolf Hitler have an hobbies?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["There, Kempka took Braun's lifeless body from Martin Bormann and carried it halfway up the exit stairs before handing it over to G\u00fcnsche, who carried it outside from the bunker exit and placed it on the ground of the Chancellery garden next to Hitler's corpse to be burned. Despite his questionable reliability on certain points, many interviewers quote Kempka in their accounts of Hitler's suicide because of his colorful (and raunchy) language. For example, one interviewer, O'Donnell, recounted the following quips in his book, \"The Bunker\":   At the Nuremberg trials, Kempka was called to testify in relation to the last time he saw Bormann. He later referred to Eva Braun as \"the unhappiest woman in Germany\". He was released on 9 October 1947. Kempka retained his association with the \"F\u00fchrerbegleitkommando\" by attending reunions of I SS Panzer Corps members until the year before his death. Kempka died on 24 January 1975, aged sixty-four, in Freiberg am Neckar. His memoirs first appeared in 1951 under the title \"Ich habe Adolf Hitler verbrannt\" (\"I cremated Adolf Hitler\"). In 1975, it was reissued with a foreword by author and former member of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler Erich Kern under the less sensationalist title \"Die letzten Tage mit Adolf Hitler\" (\"The Last Days with Adolf Hitler\"). An English edition of the book was published in 2010 by Frontline Books-Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., under the title \"I was Hitler's Chauffeur: The Memoirs of Erich Kempka\", with an introduction by historian Roger Moorhouse.", "Knut Hamsun's obituary of Adolf Hitler In 1945 at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper \"Aftenposten\". Hamsun's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper's feature article on Hitler's death. The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece. The short obituary reads \"in extenso\": \"Adolf Hitler \"I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite. \"Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations. He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of example less [unequaled] brutality, which in the end failed him.\" \"Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death. \"Knut Hamsun\" Knut Hamsun has been described as anti-British and pro-German, and as sympathizing with the Nazi cause. He openly supported, but even though Nasjonal Samling eventually formed a government controlled by the German \"Reichskommissar\" after the war broke out, it is clear to historians he was never actually a self-enrolled party member (in a civil lawsuit, he was found to have been a member under dissent from the professional judge, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II). Hamsun never signed up for any membership in the NS, although NS included him. Nonetheless, Hamsun was an opponent of the \"Reichskommissar\" Josef Terboven, and in 1943 he unsuccessfully appealed to Adolf Hitler in person to remove Terboven from office.", "Walter Charles Langer Walter Charles Langer (February 5, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1981) was an American psychoanalyst who was best known for preparing a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Langer studied the field of psychoanalysis at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he also worked as a professor upon completion of his education. The field of psychoanalytics later led Langer to be employed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) where in the year of 1943 he prepared a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler. Within this analysis, Langer successfully predicted Hitler's suicide as the \"most plausible outcome\", as well as the possibility of a military coup against Hitler well before the assassination attempt of 1944. Following his psychological analysis and Hitler's death, Langer wrote a report surrounding the events of Adolf Hitler's life titled \"The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Secret Wartime Report\". This publication is Langer's most notable work; however, he has also produced writings such as \"Psychology and Human Living\", \"A Psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler: His Life and Legend\", and \"Dissecting the Hitler Mind\". Langer was born on February 5, 1899 in South Boston to Charles Rudolph and Johanna Rockenbach, recent immigrants from Germany. His mother was born to a Lutheran household in Zweibr\u00fccken, Germany, and his father was a member of the Moravian Brethren from Silesia, Germany. Langer had an older brother named William and another brother named Rudolph Langer. The family later moved when Charles became an owner of a florist shop. After their father passed away on 1899, the family lost all their savings. To help support the family Walter worked at a grocery store while going to school.", "\"--Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945 - April 1945  Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as \"Aryans of the East \" Adolf Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German Wehrmacht as part of their combat training. Since 1926, Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially. Germany had also sent advisers such as Alexander von Falkenhausen and Hans von Seeckt to assist the Chinese, most notably in the Chinese Civil War and China's anti-communist campaigns. Max Bauer was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time, Hsiang-hsi Kung, the Republic of China Minister of Finance, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Adolf Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting,  Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht bestowed upon Hsiang-hsi Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. And in order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht earmarked for 100,000 reichsmarks for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Additionally, Hsiang-hsi Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was Chiang Wei-kuo, the son of Republic of China", "Message to Adolf  Message to Adolf, known in Japan as and known in earlier English versions as Adolf, is a manga series made by Osamu Tezuka. The story is set before, during, and after World War II and is centered on three men with the name Adolf. Adolf Kamil is an Ashkenazi Jew living in Japan. His best friend Adolf Kaufmann is of both Japanese and German descent. The third Adolf is Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. \" Adolf\" also features Sohei Toge, a Japanese reporter, and his quest for documents that could turn the tide of the war. The work explores the themes of nationality, ethnicity, racism, and war, and includes elements of coming of age, spy fiction, and historical drama. Vertical, Inc. currently publishes the series in English with Kumar Sivasubramanian as the translator, and Viz Media formerly published the series in English. It is considered the last completed serialized work of Tezuka's career. The story of \"Adolf\" begins in 1936 as Japanese reporter Sohei Toge travels to Berlin to cover the Berlin Olympic Games. Upon arriving, he finds that his younger brother, who has been studying in Germany as an international student, has been murdered and had connections with Communist organisations. Furthermore, all traces of information regarding his younger brother's study in Germany has vanished. Investigating the matter, he later learns that his brother's murder is connected to documents he mailed to Japan with information regarding Adolf Hitler. This information is crucial to the Third Reich as it contains proof that Adolf Hitler has Jewish blood. A member of the Nazi Party living in Japan named Wolfgang Kaufmann is ordered to find the documents. He expects his son, Japanese-German Adolf Kaufmann, to become a strong supporter of Adolf Hitler and the German Reich."], "answer": {"text": "The eight-year-old Hitler took singing lessons, sang in the church choir, and even considered becoming a priest.", "answer_start": 1142}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Polzl.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "The family returned to Austria and settled in Leonding in 1894, and in June 1895 Alois retired to Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he live anywhere else during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary (in present-day Austria), close to the border with the German Empire.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school as a child?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler attended Volksschule (a state-owned school) in nearby Fischlham.", "answer_start": 816, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21f199ae97ac4b81b012a1720bb37373_1_q#5", "question": "Did he attend highschool?", "rewrite": "Did Adolf Hitler attend highschool?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rudolf Schmundt Rudolf Schmundt (13 August 1896 \u2013 1 October 1944) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht and adjutant to Adolf Hitler during World War II. He was injured during the 20 July 1944 assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler and died a few months later from his wounds. Schmundt was born in Metz and served as a lieutenant for the German Army during World War I. In World War II he attained the rank of General of the Infantry on 1 September 1944, and became the Chief of the Personnel Department of the German Army. Throughout the war, Rudolf Schmundt was one of Adolf Hitler's many adjutants, and flew with Erwin Rommel in early 1941, just before the Afrika Korps was created. Schmundt was one of the casualties of the failed 20 July plot, planned to kill the German dictator Adolf Hitler. One of the conspirators, Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, placed a bomb in a briefcase beside Hitler. Colonel Heinz Brandt moved it behind a heavy table leg and unwittingly saved Hitler's life, but as a consequence, he lost his own. Severely injured in the assassination attempt, Schmundt initially made a promising recovery, but ultimately died of complications resulting from his injuries on 1 October 1944. After Schmundt's death, all current Generals and Field Marshals were summoned by Hitler to attend a funeral service at the Tannenberg Memorial, in east Prussia. As reported by Hauptmann Alexander Stahlberg (aide to Field Marshal Von Manstein) in his book \"Bounden Duty\", the group were entrained back to Berlin and General Schmundt was buried, on Hitler's orders, in the hero's cemetery \u2014 the Invaliden. Hitler did not attend either ceremony.", "Knut Hamsun's obituary of Adolf Hitler In 1945 at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper \"Aftenposten\". Hamsun's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper's feature article on Hitler's death. The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece. The short obituary reads \"in extenso\": \"Adolf Hitler \"I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite. \"Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations. He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of example less [unequaled] brutality, which in the end failed him.\" \"Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death. \"Knut Hamsun\" Knut Hamsun has been described as anti-British and pro-German, and as sympathizing with the Nazi cause. He openly supported, but even though Nasjonal Samling eventually formed a government controlled by the German \"Reichskommissar\" after the war broke out, it is clear to historians he was never actually a self-enrolled party member (in a civil lawsuit, he was found to have been a member under dissent from the professional judge, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II). Hamsun never signed up for any membership in the NS, although NS included him. Nonetheless, Hamsun was an opponent of the \"Reichskommissar\" Josef Terboven, and in 1943 he unsuccessfully appealed to Adolf Hitler in person to remove Terboven from office.", "Message to Adolf  Message to Adolf, known in Japan as and known in earlier English versions as Adolf, is a manga series made by Osamu Tezuka. The story is set before, during, and after World War II and is centered on three men with the name Adolf. Adolf Kamil is an Ashkenazi Jew living in Japan. His best friend Adolf Kaufmann is of both Japanese and German descent. The third Adolf is Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. \" Adolf\" also features Sohei Toge, a Japanese reporter, and his quest for documents that could turn the tide of the war. The work explores the themes of nationality, ethnicity, racism, and war, and includes elements of coming of age, spy fiction, and historical drama. Vertical, Inc. currently publishes the series in English with Kumar Sivasubramanian as the translator, and Viz Media formerly published the series in English. It is considered the last completed serialized work of Tezuka's career. The story of \"Adolf\" begins in 1936 as Japanese reporter Sohei Toge travels to Berlin to cover the Berlin Olympic Games. Upon arriving, he finds that his younger brother, who has been studying in Germany as an international student, has been murdered and had connections with Communist organisations. Furthermore, all traces of information regarding his younger brother's study in Germany has vanished. Investigating the matter, he later learns that his brother's murder is connected to documents he mailed to Japan with information regarding Adolf Hitler. This information is crucial to the Third Reich as it contains proof that Adolf Hitler has Jewish blood. A member of the Nazi Party living in Japan named Wolfgang Kaufmann is ordered to find the documents. He expects his son, Japanese-German Adolf Kaufmann, to become a strong supporter of Adolf Hitler and the German Reich.", "Walter Charles Langer Walter Charles Langer (February 5, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1981) was an American psychoanalyst who was best known for preparing a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Langer studied the field of psychoanalysis at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he also worked as a professor upon completion of his education. The field of psychoanalytics later led Langer to be employed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) where in the year of 1943 he prepared a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler. Within this analysis, Langer successfully predicted Hitler's suicide as the \"most plausible outcome\", as well as the possibility of a military coup against Hitler well before the assassination attempt of 1944. Following his psychological analysis and Hitler's death, Langer wrote a report surrounding the events of Adolf Hitler's life titled \"The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Secret Wartime Report\". This publication is Langer's most notable work; however, he has also produced writings such as \"Psychology and Human Living\", \"A Psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler: His Life and Legend\", and \"Dissecting the Hitler Mind\". Langer was born on February 5, 1899 in South Boston to Charles Rudolph and Johanna Rockenbach, recent immigrants from Germany. His mother was born to a Lutheran household in Zweibr\u00fccken, Germany, and his father was a member of the Moravian Brethren from Silesia, Germany. Langer had an older brother named William and another brother named Rudolph Langer. The family later moved when Charles became an owner of a florist shop. After their father passed away on 1899, the family lost all their savings. To help support the family Walter worked at a grocery store while going to school.", "\"--Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945 - April 1945  Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as \"Aryans of the East \" Adolf Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German Wehrmacht as part of their combat training. Since 1926, Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially. Germany had also sent advisers such as Alexander von Falkenhausen and Hans von Seeckt to assist the Chinese, most notably in the Chinese Civil War and China's anti-communist campaigns. Max Bauer was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time, Hsiang-hsi Kung, the Republic of China Minister of Finance, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Adolf Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting,  Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht bestowed upon Hsiang-hsi Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. And in order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht earmarked for 100,000 reichsmarks for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Additionally, Hsiang-hsi Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was Chiang Wei-kuo, the son of Republic of China"], "answer": {"text": "Ignoring his son's desire to attend a classical high school and become an artist, Alois sent Hitler to the Realschule in Linz in September 1900.", "answer_start": 226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Polzl.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "The family returned to Austria and settled in Leonding in 1894, and in June 1895 Alois retired to Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he live anywhere else during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary (in present-day Austria), close to the border with the German Empire.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school as a child?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler attended Volksschule (a state-owned school) in nearby Fischlham.", "answer_start": 816, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have an hobbies?", "answer": {"text": "The eight-year-old Hitler took singing lessons, sang in the church choir, and even considered becoming a priest.", "answer_start": 1142, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_21f199ae97ac4b81b012a1720bb37373_1_q#6", "question": "What did his parents do?", "rewrite": "What did Adolf Hitler's parents do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["There, Kempka took Braun's lifeless body from Martin Bormann and carried it halfway up the exit stairs before handing it over to G\u00fcnsche, who carried it outside from the bunker exit and placed it on the ground of the Chancellery garden next to Hitler's corpse to be burned. Despite his questionable reliability on certain points, many interviewers quote Kempka in their accounts of Hitler's suicide because of his colorful (and raunchy) language. For example, one interviewer, O'Donnell, recounted the following quips in his book, \"The Bunker\":   At the Nuremberg trials, Kempka was called to testify in relation to the last time he saw Bormann. He later referred to Eva Braun as \"the unhappiest woman in Germany\". He was released on 9 October 1947. Kempka retained his association with the \"F\u00fchrerbegleitkommando\" by attending reunions of I SS Panzer Corps members until the year before his death. Kempka died on 24 January 1975, aged sixty-four, in Freiberg am Neckar. His memoirs first appeared in 1951 under the title \"Ich habe Adolf Hitler verbrannt\" (\"I cremated Adolf Hitler\"). In 1975, it was reissued with a foreword by author and former member of the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler Erich Kern under the less sensationalist title \"Die letzten Tage mit Adolf Hitler\" (\"The Last Days with Adolf Hitler\"). An English edition of the book was published in 2010 by Frontline Books-Skyhorse Publishing, Inc., under the title \"I was Hitler's Chauffeur: The Memoirs of Erich Kempka\", with an introduction by historian Roger Moorhouse.", "Message to Adolf  Message to Adolf, known in Japan as and known in earlier English versions as Adolf, is a manga series made by Osamu Tezuka. The story is set before, during, and after World War II and is centered on three men with the name Adolf. Adolf Kamil is an Ashkenazi Jew living in Japan. His best friend Adolf Kaufmann is of both Japanese and German descent. The third Adolf is Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany. \" Adolf\" also features Sohei Toge, a Japanese reporter, and his quest for documents that could turn the tide of the war. The work explores the themes of nationality, ethnicity, racism, and war, and includes elements of coming of age, spy fiction, and historical drama. Vertical, Inc. currently publishes the series in English with Kumar Sivasubramanian as the translator, and Viz Media formerly published the series in English. It is considered the last completed serialized work of Tezuka's career. The story of \"Adolf\" begins in 1936 as Japanese reporter Sohei Toge travels to Berlin to cover the Berlin Olympic Games. Upon arriving, he finds that his younger brother, who has been studying in Germany as an international student, has been murdered and had connections with Communist organisations. Furthermore, all traces of information regarding his younger brother's study in Germany has vanished. Investigating the matter, he later learns that his brother's murder is connected to documents he mailed to Japan with information regarding Adolf Hitler. This information is crucial to the Third Reich as it contains proof that Adolf Hitler has Jewish blood. A member of the Nazi Party living in Japan named Wolfgang Kaufmann is ordered to find the documents. He expects his son, Japanese-German Adolf Kaufmann, to become a strong supporter of Adolf Hitler and the German Reich.", "Knut Hamsun's obituary of Adolf Hitler In 1945 at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist Knut Hamsun wrote an obituary of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper \"Aftenposten\". Hamsun's eulogy to Hitler served as the collaborationist newspaper's feature article on Hitler's death. The obituary came to be his most infamous written piece. The short obituary reads \"in extenso\": \"Adolf Hitler \"I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite. \"Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations. He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of example less [unequaled] brutality, which in the end failed him.\" \"Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death. \"Knut Hamsun\" Knut Hamsun has been described as anti-British and pro-German, and as sympathizing with the Nazi cause. He openly supported, but even though Nasjonal Samling eventually formed a government controlled by the German \"Reichskommissar\" after the war broke out, it is clear to historians he was never actually a self-enrolled party member (in a civil lawsuit, he was found to have been a member under dissent from the professional judge, during the legal purge in Norway after World War II). Hamsun never signed up for any membership in the NS, although NS included him. Nonetheless, Hamsun was an opponent of the \"Reichskommissar\" Josef Terboven, and in 1943 he unsuccessfully appealed to Adolf Hitler in person to remove Terboven from office.", "\"--Adolf Hitler, The Political Testament of Adolf Hitler, Note #5, February 1945 - April 1945  Due to Nazi Germany's recognition of Han Chinese and Japanese as \"Aryans of the East \" Adolf Hitler had allowed Han Chinese and Japanese soldiers to study in Nazi German military academies and serve in the Nazi German Wehrmacht as part of their combat training. Since 1926, Germany had supported the Republic of China militarily and industrially. Germany had also sent advisers such as Alexander von Falkenhausen and Hans von Seeckt to assist the Chinese, most notably in the Chinese Civil War and China's anti-communist campaigns. Max Bauer was sent to China and served as one of Chiang Kai-shek's advisers. Around this time, Hsiang-hsi Kung, the Republic of China Minister of Finance, visited Nazi Germany and was warmly welcomed by Adolf Hitler on June 13, 1937. During this meeting,  Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht bestowed upon Hsiang-hsi Kung an honorary doctorate degree, and attempted to open China's market to German exports. And in order to attract more Han Chinese students to study in Germany, Adolf Hitler, Hermann G\u00f6ring and Hjalmar Schacht earmarked for 100,000 reichsmarks for Han Chinese students studying in the universities and military academies of Nazi Germany after they persuaded a German industrialist to set aside the money for that purpose. Additionally, Hsiang-hsi Kung, in favor of commercial credits, politely refused a generous international loan offer by Adolf Hitler. The most famous of these Han Chinese Nazi soldiers was Chiang Wei-kuo, the son of Republic of China", "Walter Charles Langer Walter Charles Langer (February 5, 1899 \u2013 July 4, 1981) was an American psychoanalyst who was best known for preparing a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler in 1943. Langer studied the field of psychoanalysis at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he also worked as a professor upon completion of his education. The field of psychoanalytics later led Langer to be employed by the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) where in the year of 1943 he prepared a psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler. Within this analysis, Langer successfully predicted Hitler's suicide as the \"most plausible outcome\", as well as the possibility of a military coup against Hitler well before the assassination attempt of 1944. Following his psychological analysis and Hitler's death, Langer wrote a report surrounding the events of Adolf Hitler's life titled \"The Mind of Adolf Hitler: A Secret Wartime Report\". This publication is Langer's most notable work; however, he has also produced writings such as \"Psychology and Human Living\", \"A Psychological analysis of Adolf Hitler: His Life and Legend\", and \"Dissecting the Hitler Mind\". Langer was born on February 5, 1899 in South Boston to Charles Rudolph and Johanna Rockenbach, recent immigrants from Germany. His mother was born to a Lutheran household in Zweibr\u00fccken, Germany, and his father was a member of the Moravian Brethren from Silesia, Germany. Langer had an older brother named William and another brother named Rudolph Langer. The family later moved when Charles became an owner of a florist shop. After their father passed away on 1899, the family lost all their savings. To help support the family Walter worked at a grocery store while going to school."], "answer": {"text": "Alois had made a successful career in the customs bureau,", "answer_start": 1553}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Adolf Hitler have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "He was the fourth of six children born to Alois Hitler and his third wife, Klara Polzl.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he live during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "The family returned to Austria and settled in Leonding in 1894, and in June 1895 Alois retired to Hafeld, near Lambach, where he farmed and kept bees.", "answer_start": 665, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he live anywhere else during his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889 in Braunau am Inn, a town in Austria-Hungary (in present-day Austria), close to the border with the German Empire.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school as a child?", "answer": {"text": "Hitler attended Volksschule (a state-owned school) in nearby Fischlham.", "answer_start": 816, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have an hobbies?", "answer": {"text": "The eight-year-old Hitler took singing lessons, sang in the church choir, and even considered becoming a priest.", "answer_start": 1142, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he attend highschool?", "answer": {"text": "Ignoring his son's desire to attend a classical high school and become an artist, Alois sent Hitler to the Realschule in Linz in September 1900.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#0", "question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "rewrite": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "Crimson Jazz Trio The Crimson Jazz Trio was a jazz trio led by drummer Ian Wallace, formerly of King Crimson, who re-interpreted King Crimson's music. The trio was conceived by Wallace, who recruited Tim Landers (bass) and Jody Nardone (piano) in 2004. They recorded the album \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume One\" (Voiceprint) in 2005. The album includes material from beyond Wallace's early 1970s tenure in King Crimson. It was supported with a few live dates in different parts of the U.S., but plans for further touring were scrapped due to Wallace's falling ill. The band finished recording a second album, \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume Two\", with assistance from Jakko Jakszyk and Mel Collins (Wallace's colleagues in 21st Century Schizoid Band; Collins is also a King Crimson alumnus and Jakszyk later joined King Crimson) before Wallace died on February 22, 2007. It was released on April 7, 2009 on Inner Knot Records.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson."], "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#1", "question": "Was it a successful recording?", "rewrite": "Was King Crimson, 1971-1972: the Islands band a successful recording?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "Crimson Jazz Trio The Crimson Jazz Trio was a jazz trio led by drummer Ian Wallace, formerly of King Crimson, who re-interpreted King Crimson's music. The trio was conceived by Wallace, who recruited Tim Landers (bass) and Jody Nardone (piano) in 2004. They recorded the album \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume One\" (Voiceprint) in 2005. The album includes material from beyond Wallace's early 1970s tenure in King Crimson. It was supported with a few live dates in different parts of the U.S., but plans for further touring were scrapped due to Wallace's falling ill. The band finished recording a second album, \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume Two\", with assistance from Jakko Jakszyk and Mel Collins (Wallace's colleagues in 21st Century Schizoid Band; Collins is also a King Crimson alumnus and Jakszyk later joined King Crimson) before Wallace died on February 22, 2007. It was released on April 7, 2009 on Inner Knot Records.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson."], "answer": {"text": "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#2", "question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "rewrite": "Were there any singles released from King Crimson, 1971-1972: the Islands band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "Crimson Jazz Trio The Crimson Jazz Trio was a jazz trio led by drummer Ian Wallace, formerly of King Crimson, who re-interpreted King Crimson's music. The trio was conceived by Wallace, who recruited Tim Landers (bass) and Jody Nardone (piano) in 2004. They recorded the album \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume One\" (Voiceprint) in 2005. The album includes material from beyond Wallace's early 1970s tenure in King Crimson. It was supported with a few live dates in different parts of the U.S., but plans for further touring were scrapped due to Wallace's falling ill. The band finished recording a second album, \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume Two\", with assistance from Jakko Jakszyk and Mel Collins (Wallace's colleagues in 21st Century Schizoid Band; Collins is also a King Crimson alumnus and Jakszyk later joined King Crimson) before Wallace died on February 22, 2007. It was released on April 7, 2009 on Inner Knot Records.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a successful recording?", "answer": {"text": "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#3", "question": "Did they record any other albums during that time?", "rewrite": "Besides King Crimson, 1971-1972: the Islands band did King Crimson record any other albums during 1971?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "Live in Chicago (King Crimson album) Live in Chicago, or Official Bootleg: Live In Chicago, June 28th, 2017, is a live album by the English progressive rock band King Crimson, released through Discipline Global Mobile records on 14 October 2017. The album was recorded on 28 June at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois during the band's 2017 United States tour. It is the first full-length release by the eight-piece incarnation of the band and features new songs and rearrangements of compositions mostly from the early 1970s. For the American leg of King Crimson's 2017 tour, the band was composed of three drummers, two guitarists, a bassist, a keyboardist, and a flautist \u2013 a lineup known as the \"double quartet\". Much of the performance is made up of old King Crimson material rearranged to fit the band's new format. Founding King Crimson member Robert Fripp said about the performance, \"If we are looking for a KC live show; Chicago was exceptional,\" and bassist Tony Levin called the show \"one of our best.\" \"Live in Chicago\" received positive reviews. Writing for \"All About Jazz\", John Kelman praised the album extensively, writing that it \"is not just another superb entry in a series of fine live recordings from this current\u2014and soon to be longest-lasting\u2014edition of King Crimson. It's also reason enough, even for those who've seen the band many times since 2014, to make catching King Crimson on its next return to their neck of the woods a most definite slam dunk.\" Chris Roberts of \"Team Rock\" lauded the performances, saying the encore of \"Heroes\" was earned. \" Spill Magazine\" critic Aaron Badgley wrote, \"It is almost like a whole new album by King Crimson.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "Crimson Jazz Trio The Crimson Jazz Trio was a jazz trio led by drummer Ian Wallace, formerly of King Crimson, who re-interpreted King Crimson's music. The trio was conceived by Wallace, who recruited Tim Landers (bass) and Jody Nardone (piano) in 2004. They recorded the album \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume One\" (Voiceprint) in 2005. The album includes material from beyond Wallace's early 1970s tenure in King Crimson. It was supported with a few live dates in different parts of the U.S., but plans for further touring were scrapped due to Wallace's falling ill. The band finished recording a second album, \"King Crimson Songbook, Volume Two\", with assistance from Jakko Jakszyk and Mel Collins (Wallace's colleagues in 21st Century Schizoid Band; Collins is also a King Crimson alumnus and Jakszyk later joined King Crimson) before Wallace died on February 22, 2007. It was released on April 7, 2009 on Inner Knot Records."], "answer": {"text": "since he felt the current members wouldn't be able to play the new material he had in mind.", "answer_start": 1276}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a successful recording?", "answer": {"text": "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#4", "question": "Who were the band members?", "rewrite": "Who were the King Crimson band members?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "Since 2002, Jakszyk's connections to the musicians in and around King Crimson had grown closer (via the 21st Century Schizoid Band, Gavin Harrison's recruitment into King Crimson in 2007, and Jakszyk's own developing friendship with Robert Fripp, which led to Jakszyk being invited to remix King Crimson's 1995 album THRaK for reissue) . In January 2010, Jakszyk and Fripp began recording ambient instrumental pieces on a casual basis: this eventually developed into a full song-based project involving Mel Collins. Gavin Harrison and King Crimson bass player Tony Levin were brought in to complete the recordings, which were released in May 2011 on the Panegyric label as an album called A Scarcity of Miracles credited to Jakszyk Fripp & Collins. At the time, King Crimson was in a \"dormant\" phase, but the involvement of three current band members, one former band member and a previously separate singer-songwriter in this new project led to speculation that King Crimson was about to reactivate and would recruit Jakszyk as a new frontman. Initially Fripp demurred these suggestions. In an online diary entry, he described the trio as an endeavour which \"has the Crimson gene, but is not quite KC. It is a Crimson ProjeKct, although this was not the intention. Given the gene pool, I suppose this counts as evolution. If JFC were named as a ProjeKct, which would be legitimate IMO, then all manner of expectations, categorisations, limitations & dopey commentaries would be launched to deter the ears of innocent audients\".", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "Fripp went on to comment that the origin of the trio was in fact a proposed but abandoned ProjeKct Seven (featuring himself, Jakszyk, Collins, Levin, Harrison and possibly some other players) and described the forthcoming A Scarcity of Miracles as \"one of my favouritist (sic) albums, of those where I am a determining element\". A Scarcity of Miracles was met with a good critical response and a mixed welcome from the King Crimson fanbase. Due to Fripp's retirement from live performance, the release was not supported by a concert tour. Fripp's formal retirement from the music industry in 2012 stifled most of the remaining rumours. On 24 September 2013, Fripp made the surprise announcement that he was launching a new lineup of King Crimson, with its first tour planned for September 2014. Shortly afterwards the personnel list was announced, with Jakszyk confirmed as lead singer and second guitarist. The new King Crimson lineup continued and expanded the Scarcity of Miracles project personnel: other members besides Fripp and Jakszyk were Mel Collins, three members from the 2009 Crimson band (Gavin Harrison, Tony Levin and Pat Mastelotto) and another new recruit, American drummer Bill Rieflin. This version of Crimson toured the UK, Paris and Utrecht followed by shows in Canada and Japan in 2015. The band toured in Europe is 2016 with Jeremy Stacey replacing Rieflin. in September Jakko was awarded the 'Chris Squire Virtuoso award' at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards at Shakespeare's Globe in London. It was presented to him by comedian and actor Ade Edmondson.", "King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated."], "answer": {"text": "Fripp and Sinfield secured a returning Collins and Ian Wallace on drums.", "answer_start": 34}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a successful recording?", "answer": {"text": "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record any other albums during that time?", "answer": {"text": "since he felt the current members wouldn't be able to play the new material he had in mind.", "answer_start": 1276, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#5", "question": "Did the band members ever change?", "rewrite": "Did the King Crimson band members ever change?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["ProjeKcts The ProjeKcts are a succession of spin-off projects associated with the band King Crimson. The ProjeKcts were most active from 1997 to 1999, but have performed intermittently since. These earlier ProjeKcts, up to ProjeKct Six in 2006, were devoted to instrumental and heavily improvised music. All of them included King Crimson guitarist Robert Fripp, who described their purpose as being \"research and development\" for King Crimson. Two later spin-off projects were of a different nature, but both involving former King Crimson members. ProjeKct One began as a suggestion by Bruford to Robert Fripp that they do some improvisational shows together. Fripp suggested adding Gunn, while Bruford suggested adding Tony Levin \u2014 four of the six members of King Crimson were now involved. Fripp then developed the idea of \"fraKctals\": multiple different subsets of the band working separately as a way of developing new material for King Crimson, the band having been at something of a compositional impasse. ProjeKct One performed four consecutive shows at the Jazz Cafe from 1 through 4 December 1997. All four concerts have been made available for download through DGMLive. These performances marked the end of Bruford's involvement with King Crimson in any form. While ProjeKct One was the first of the sub-groups planned, ProjeKct Two actually convened and recorded first. It featured Fripp, Gunn and Adrian Belew on drums rather than guitar (his usual instrument with King Crimson). This configuration was unplanned, but when the group gathered at Belew's home studio to record, he had recently taken possession of the V-drums and Fripp was keen to experiment with their use.", "King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London King Crimson Live in Hyde Park, London is a live album by the band King Crimson, released through the King Crimson Collectors' Club in September 2002. The album documents King Crimson's performance at the Hyde Park Festival of July 5, 1969, held in London, England. It has been estimated that half a million people attended this outdoor concert, which was headlined by the Rolling Stones. King Crimson were the opening act. Their setlist was cut for the occasion, and the last track was much shorter than usual. Nonetheless, the consensus was that their performance was a success, which significantly increased the band's reputation. The CD also includes two bonus tracks. The first is a series of excerpts from a press conference, held by all five members of the original King Crimson along with the band's road management. This conference was recorded at the release of King Crimson's \"Epitaph\" box set, featuring four CDs of concert material by the original band. The conference was held at the InterContinental London hotel on March 15, 1997. The second bonus track is an instrumental recording of \"21st Century Schizoid Man\", recorded at Morgan Studios in London on June 12, 1969. Guitarist Robert Fripp has acknowledged that his solo on this version is \"dismal in extremis\", though noting that it was intended only as a guide track (and was subsequently replaced by a \"proper\" solo). The album was originally scheduled to be released in August 2000, but was held up by a dispute between members of the 1969 line-up of King Crimson. The liner notes include comments from Fripp, Ian McDonald, Michael Giles, Peter Sinfield and manager David Enthoven. All tracks written by Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald and Peter Sinfield, unless otherwise indicated.", "King Crimson have been influential both on the early 1970s progressive rock movement and numerous contemporary artists. Genesis and Yes were directly influenced by the band's initial style of symphonic Mellotron rock, and many King Crimson band members were involved in other notable bands: Lake in Emerson, Lake & Palmer, of which some of their songs can be seen as Lake's attempt to continue the early work of King Crimson; McDonald in Foreigner; Burrell in Bad Company, and Wetton in UK and Asia. Canadian rock band Rush cites King Crimson as a strong early influence on their sound; drummer Neil Peart credits the adventurous and innovative style of Michael Giles on his own approach to percussion. King Crimson's influence extends to many bands from diverse genres, especially of the 1990s and 2000s. Tool are known to be heavily influenced by King Crimson, with vocalist Maynard James Keenan joking on a tour with them: \"Now you know who we ripped off. Just don't tell anyone, especially the members of King Crimson.\" Modern progressive, experimental, psychedelic and indie rock bands have cited them as an influence as well, including the Mars Volta, Porcupine Tree, Primus, Mystery Jets, Fanfarlo, and Anekdoten, who first practiced together playing King Crimson songs. Steven Wilson, the leader of Porcupine Tree, was responsible for remixing King Crimson's back catalog in surround sound and said that the process had an enormous influence on his solo albums. In November 2012 the Flaming Lips in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs released a track-by-track reinterpretation of In the Court of the Crimson King entitled Playing Hide and Seek with the Ghosts of Dawn. Colin Newman of Wire, said he saw King Crimson perform many times, and they influenced him deeply.", "Since 2002, Jakszyk's connections to the musicians in and around King Crimson had grown closer (via the 21st Century Schizoid Band, Gavin Harrison's recruitment into King Crimson in 2007, and Jakszyk's own developing friendship with Robert Fripp, which led to Jakszyk being invited to remix King Crimson's 1995 album THRaK for reissue) . In January 2010, Jakszyk and Fripp began recording ambient instrumental pieces on a casual basis: this eventually developed into a full song-based project involving Mel Collins. Gavin Harrison and King Crimson bass player Tony Levin were brought in to complete the recordings, which were released in May 2011 on the Panegyric label as an album called A Scarcity of Miracles credited to Jakszyk Fripp & Collins. At the time, King Crimson was in a \"dormant\" phase, but the involvement of three current band members, one former band member and a previously separate singer-songwriter in this new project led to speculation that King Crimson was about to reactivate and would recruit Jakszyk as a new frontman. Initially Fripp demurred these suggestions. In an online diary entry, he described the trio as an endeavour which \"has the Crimson gene, but is not quite KC. It is a Crimson ProjeKct, although this was not the intention. Given the gene pool, I suppose this counts as evolution. If JFC were named as a ProjeKct, which would be legitimate IMO, then all manner of expectations, categorisations, limitations & dopey commentaries would be launched to deter the ears of innocent audients\".", "Fripp went on to comment that the origin of the trio was in fact a proposed but abandoned ProjeKct Seven (featuring himself, Jakszyk, Collins, Levin, Harrison and possibly some other players) and described the forthcoming A Scarcity of Miracles as \"one of my favouritist (sic) albums, of those where I am a determining element\". A Scarcity of Miracles was met with a good critical response and a mixed welcome from the King Crimson fanbase. Due to Fripp's retirement from live performance, the release was not supported by a concert tour. Fripp's formal retirement from the music industry in 2012 stifled most of the remaining rumours. On 24 September 2013, Fripp made the surprise announcement that he was launching a new lineup of King Crimson, with its first tour planned for September 2014. Shortly afterwards the personnel list was announced, with Jakszyk confirmed as lead singer and second guitarist. The new King Crimson lineup continued and expanded the Scarcity of Miracles project personnel: other members besides Fripp and Jakszyk were Mel Collins, three members from the 2009 Crimson band (Gavin Harrison, Tony Levin and Pat Mastelotto) and another new recruit, American drummer Bill Rieflin. This version of Crimson toured the UK, Paris and Utrecht followed by shows in Canada and Japan in 2015. The band toured in Europe is 2016 with Jeremy Stacey replacing Rieflin. in September Jakko was awarded the 'Chris Squire Virtuoso award' at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards at Shakespeare's Globe in London. It was presented to him by comedian and actor Ade Edmondson."], "answer": {"text": "Fripp asked Sinfield to leave the band, citing musical differences and a loss of faith in his partner's ideas.", "answer_start": 124}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a successful recording?", "answer": {"text": "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record any other albums during that time?", "answer": {"text": "since he felt the current members wouldn't be able to play the new material he had in mind.", "answer_start": 1276, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who were the band members?", "answer": {"text": "Fripp and Sinfield secured a returning Collins and Ian Wallace on drums.", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#6", "question": "Is there anything else interesting in the article?", "rewrite": "Besides Fripp asked Sinfield to leave the band is there anything else interesting in the article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Apart from writing lyrics for \"In the Court of the Crimson King\" (1969), \"In the Wake of Poseidon\" (1970), \"Lizard\" (1970) and \"Islands\" (1971), and offering advice on artwork, album design, and other details of the band's releases, Sinfield's musical role in the band was limited over the first four albums. He was not a good enough singer to contribute to the band's vocals, and the presence of Robert Fripp made his guitar playing superfluous. However, Sinfield occasionally added touches of EMS VCS 3 synthesizer, see, e.g., the \"Ladies of the Road\" album recorded live on tour in 1971 and '72 or \"Indoor Games\" and \"Happy Family\" on the \"Lizard\" album. Fripp became involved with other projects (most notably the Centipede orchestra), which left Sinfield with much of the responsibility for the final version and design of the album, including the uniquely ornate jacket. Even so, the relationship between Sinfield and Fripp had become increasingly strained as the band progressed. On their next album, \"Islands\", Sinfield began exploring new lyrical territory, with more sexual imagery juxtaposed with the languidly surreal title track. On 1 January 1972, however, following a tour of the United States, Fripp got tired of Sinfield's fantasy-based lyrics and Sinfield left. In 1972, Sinfield remained associated with E.G. Records, which represented King Crimson and Roxy Music, and it was while Sinfield was producing Roxy Music's debut album and their hit single \"Virginia Plain\" that he first decided to try his own hand at recording a solo album.", "Bassist John Wetton was invited to join, but declined (at the time) in order to play with Family. Rick Kemp also declined an offer to join, leaving Fripp and Wallace teaching Burrell to play bass rather than continue auditions. Though he had not played bass before, Burrell had played enough rhythm guitar to assist him in learning the instrument. With the line-up complete, King Crimson toured in 1971 for the first time since 1969. The concerts were well received, but the musical and lifestyle differences of Collins, Wallace, and Burrell began to alienate the drug-free Fripp, who began to withdraw socially from his bandmates, creating further tension. In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands. Loosely influenced by Miles Davis's orchestral collaborations with Gil Evans and Homer's Odyssey, the album also showed signs of a split in styles between Sinfield (who favoured the softer and more textural jazz-folk approach and wanted the band to move in a Miles Davis direction) and Fripp (who was drawn more towards the harsher instrumental style exemplified by the instrumental \"Sailor's Tale\", with its dramatic Mellotron and banjo-inspired guitar technique). Islands also featured the band's one-and-only experiment with a string ensemble on \"Prelude: Song of the Gulls\" and the raunchy rhythm-and-blues-inspired \"Ladies of the Road\". A hint of trouble to come came when one member of the band allegedly described the more delicate and meditative parts of Islands as \"airy-fairy shit\". Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US. Following a period of touring Islands, Fripp asked Sinfield to leave the band, citing musical differences and a loss of faith in his partner's ideas.", "During the writing sessions for the third album, Lizard, Haskell and McCulloch had no say in the direction of the material, since Fripp and Sinfield wrote the album themselves, bringing in Tippett, Mark Charig on cornet, Nick Evans on trombone, and Robin Miller on oboe and cor anglais as additional musicians. Haskell sang and played bass. Jon Anderson of Yes was also brought in to sing the first part of the album's title track, \"Prince Rupert Awakes\", which Fripp and Sinfield considered to be outside Haskell's range and style. Lizard featured stronger avant-garde jazz and chamber-classical influences than previous albums, as well as Sinfield's upfront experiments with processing and distorting sound through the EMS VCS 3 synthesiser. It also featured complex lyrics from Sinfield, including a coded song about the break-up of the Beatles, with almost the entire second side taken up by a predominantly instrumental chamber suite describing a medieval battle and its outcome. Released in December 1970, Lizard reached No. 29 in the UK and No. 113 in the US. Described retrospectively as an \"acquired taste\"., Lizard was certainly not to the taste of the more rhythm-and-blues-oriented Haskell and McCulloch, both of whom found the music difficult to relate to. As a result, Haskell quit the band acrimoniously after refusing to sing live with distortion and electronic effects. McCulloch also departed, leaving Fripp and Sinfield to recruit new members once more. After a search for new musicians, Fripp and Sinfield secured a returning Collins and Ian Wallace on drums. Auditions for a singer included those from Bryan Ferry and John Gaydon, the band's manager,. The position went to Raymond \"Boz\" Burrell.", "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US. Following a period of touring Islands, Fripp asked Sinfield to leave the band, citing musical differences and a loss of faith in his partner's ideas. The remaining band broke up acrimoniously in rehearsals shortly afterward, owing to Fripp's refusal to incorporate other members' compositions into the band's repertoire. He later cited this as \"quality control\", with the idea that King Crimson would perform the \"right kind\" of music. King Crimson reformed to fulfil touring commitments in 1972, with the intention of disbanding afterwards. Recordings from various North American dates between January and February 1972 were released as Earthbound in June 1972, noted and criticised for its sub-par sound quality and playing style that occasionally veered towards funk, with scat singing on the improvised pieces. By this time, a definite musical rift between Fripp and the rest of the band existed, since Wallace, Burrell and Collins favoured a more rhythm-and-blues style. Though personal relations improved during the 1972 tour (to the point where most of the band wished to continue), Fripp opted to part company with the existing band and to restructure King Crimson with new members, since he felt the current members wouldn't be able to play the new material he had in mind.", "To compete with his art school friends, Sinfield began learning to play the guitar, and write poetry in the mid 1960s, and made a living on market stalls selling handmade kites, lampshades, paintings and customised clothing. He spent a number of years drifting around Morocco and Spain before returning to England. Sometime in 1967, he started Infinity, a band that did not have a lasting future, but one of the members was Ian McDonald, who was impressed with Sinfield\u2019s talents as a lyricist, if not his abilities as a singer or guitarist. In 1968, McDonald decided to join Giles, Giles and Fripp, a progressive pop trio consisting of Michael Giles, Peter Giles, and Robert Fripp, who were looking to do more with music than their three-man line-up could manage. McDonald let the others know that he was already working with someone who could write lyrics. In their primordial form, Giles, Giles & Fripp, augmented by McDonald and ex-Fairport Convention vocalist Judy Dyble, recorded an early version of the McDonald-Sinfield song \"I Talk to the Wind\", which later became part of King Crimson's repertoire. Peter Giles left the group at about this time, to be replaced by Greg Lake, and Sinfield joined around the same time. In his own words, \"I became their pet hippie, because I could tell them where to go to buy the funny clothes that they saw everyone wearing\". Sinfield also came up with the name King Crimson. Sinfield loved working with the band and, in addition to writing the phantasmagorical lyrics that came to be part of King Crimson's trademark, he also ran the group's light-show at their concerts."], "answer": {"text": "Earthbound in June 1972, noted and criticised for its sub-par sound quality", "answer_start": 723}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a successful recording?", "answer": {"text": "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record any other albums during that time?", "answer": {"text": "since he felt the current members wouldn't be able to play the new material he had in mind.", "answer_start": 1276, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who were the band members?", "answer": {"text": "Fripp and Sinfield secured a returning Collins and Ian Wallace on drums.", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band members ever change?", "answer": {"text": "Fripp asked Sinfield to leave the band, citing musical differences and a loss of faith in his partner's ideas.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7dc44f6700d64dbaba110a068c86f3dc_0_q#7", "question": "Did it have any success?", "rewrite": "Did Earthbound have any success?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Earthbound (1940 film) Earthbound is a 1940 film directed by Irving Pichel. It stars Warner Baxter and Andrea Leeds. It is a remake of the 1920 silent film of the same name, \"Earthbound.\" Critical reception to the film was generally negative. Husband and wife Nick (Warner Baxter) and Ellen (Andrea Leeds) go mountain climbing in Switzerland, where Nick is murdered, becoming an \"earthbound\" ghost. Only after his murderer confesses is Nick's ghost freed. Directed by Irving Pichel, \"Earthbound\" was proposed as a star vehicle for actor Warner Baxter, whose career was declining. It would be the final film he made for 20th Century Fox. Sol M. Wurtzel adapted \"Earthbound\" into a 67-minute film, while also slightly modifying the story. John Howard Lawson and Samuel G. Engel wrote the screenplay for the film. Lawson proposed the film be set during World War I with \"people going about customary tasks, wearing gas masks ... two lovers parting on a street corner, trying to say goodbye, unable to take off their masks. \" Darryl F. Zanuck rejected the idea. In a contemporary review in \"The New York Times\", reviewer Bosley Crowther wrote that \"we can only describe \"Earthbound\" as a solemn piece of foolishness so preposterous that it borders on farce.\" Several decades later, film historian Leonard Maltin gave \"Earthbound\" two stars out of four, calling it a \"strange little fantasy\" with \"a deadly serious mixture of half-baked philosophy and heavy-handed special effects.\" TV Guide gave the film two and a half stars out of four, calling the film's idea \"farfetched\" but opining it was done well. AllMovie writer Bruce Eder's review graded the film two and a half stars out of five.", "EarthBound fandom The fandom also spun-out other enterprises. When Nintendo did not release a localized version of \"Mother 3\", fans organized their own fan translation. The video game merchandising business Fangamer grew out of the Starmen.net community, and sells video game-related items online. A full-length documentary on Starmen.net and the fan community, \"EarthBound, USA\", is in production. While series creator, Shigesato Itoi has stated that he is finished with the series, a fan-created sequel, \"Mother 4\", began development. However, following several high-profile DMCA takedowns of other fan games based on Nintendo-owned properties, the fan-created game is undergoing rebranding so it will no longer be part of the Mother series. \"EarthBound\" is known for having a cult following, which developed over time well after its release. Colin Campbell of \"Polygon\" wrote that \"few gaming communities are as passionate and active\" as \"EarthBound\", and \"1UP.com \" Bob Mackey wrote that no game was as poised to have a cult following. \" Wired\" described the amount of \"EarthBound\" \"fan art, videos, and tributes on fan sites like \"EarthBound\" Central or Starmen.net\" as mountainous. IGN's Lucas M. Thomas wrote in 2006 that \"EarthBound\" \"persistent\", \"ambitious\", and \"religiously dedicated collective of hardcore fans\" would be among the first groups to influence Nintendo's decision-making through their purchasing power on Virtual Console. \"", "The Earthbound The Earthbound is a Greek band. The band was formed in Athens in 1998 by six members and former members of The Last Drive, Honeydive, Rockin' Bones and Engine-V, which includes Alexis Kalofolias and Thanos Amorginos. After playing locally for about a year, including a slot in Rockwave festival in 1999, the Earthbound recorded its debut 7\" single \"The Valley/Riverside Song/Tercera Cancion\", released with \"Fractal Press\" magazine. The Earthbound signed to Trade Records and recorded their self-titled debut album produced by their sound-engineer, Jim Spliff. It was released in 2000 and featured 13 songs, including three covers of songs by Kyuss, Woody Guthrie and Guillermo Portaballes that showcased the band's diverse influences. In 2001, they recorded the soundtrack for the film \"Stakaman\" by Antonis Kafetzopoulos, which was released by M Records. At the same period, Alex K and Thanos A worked on the soundtrack for the film SOSE ME (directed by Stratos Tzitzis) , released a few months later by Universal (Greece). The Earthbound spent the next eighteen months touring. They also took part in two benefit concerts for the campaign Escuelas para Chiapas (A School for Chiapas) and in June 2003 they played at the demonstration against the EU summit in Thessaloniki. In September 2003 Louis (former member of the historical Athenian punk band \"Stress\") joined on trumpet and percussion. In 2004, they signed to Sirius (the record label formed by Manos Hadjidakis) and started working on their third album, \"Brotherhood of the Dog\", this time produced by Jim Spliff and the band itself.", "Earthbound Farm Earthbound Farm is an American farm located near San Juan Bautista, California. It is the largest producer of organic salads in the US. It was also the first company to produce prewashed, packaged salad greens on an industrial scale. Earthbound Farm was founded in 1984 by Drew and Myra Goodman, on a farm in California\u2019s Carmel Valley. Just over two decades later, the company employed over 150 growers on 30,000 acres. By 2015, nearly 50,000 acres were in production. In \"The Omnivore's Dilemma\", Michael Pollan referred to Earthbound Farm as \"a company that arguably represents industrial organic farming at its best.\" In 2009, HM Capital acquired Earthbound Farm. In 2013, Earthbound Farm was acquired by WhiteWave Foods, owner of Horizon Organic milk, for $600 million. In July 2016 it was announced that the French company Danone would purchase WhiteWave Foods for $10.4 billion. The acquisition was completed in April 2017 and the newly formed company was named DanoneWave. Earthbound Farm was acquired again in April 2019 by Taylor Farms.", "Giygas  Giygas, also known as Giegue, and in Japan, is a fictional alien character in the \"EarthBound\" video game series by Nintendo, created by Shigesato Itoi. The character serves as the main antagonist of \"Mother\" and its sequel, \"EarthBound\". He invades Earth in an attempt to wipe out humanity in \"Mother\", and returns in \"EarthBound\" where he conquers the world and sends his forces into the past to ensure that protagonist Ness could not defeat him. The battle against Giygas, which depicts him in turmoil, drew inspiration from a Japanese film which traumatized Itoi as a child. He has received positive reception with critics referring to his battle as one of the creepiest and most difficult in video games. He has been the subject of analysis and speculation, with an urban legend being spread about the final battle with him in \"EarthBound\" being a representation of an abortion, which staff denied. Giygas was created by the creator of the \"EarthBound\" series, Shigesato Itoi, and debuted in the original \"Mother\". He is known as Gyiyg in Japanese and Giegue in the canceled English localization. In an interview on his website, Itoi describes how his inspiration for the final battle with Giygas in \"EarthBound\" resulted from a traumatic childhood event where he accidentally viewed the wrong movie at a theater, a Shintoho film entitled \"Kenpei to barabara shibijin\". The film featured a murder scene near a river that Itoi mistook for a rape scene which affected him so much that his parents began to worry about his well-being. Years later, Itoi integrated the experience into Giygas' dialogue for the final battle."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the King Crimson Islands band?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, the new King Crimson formation recorded Islands.", "answer_start": 902, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it a successful recording?", "answer": {"text": "Released in December 1971, Islands charted at No. 30 in the UK and No. 76 in the US.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any singles released from it?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record any other albums during that time?", "answer": {"text": "since he felt the current members wouldn't be able to play the new material he had in mind.", "answer_start": 1276, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who were the band members?", "answer": {"text": "Fripp and Sinfield secured a returning Collins and Ian Wallace on drums.", "answer_start": 34, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band members ever change?", "answer": {"text": "Fripp asked Sinfield to leave the band, citing musical differences and a loss of faith in his partner's ideas.", "answer_start": 124, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is there anything else interesting in the article?", "answer": {"text": "Earthbound in June 1972, noted and criticised for its sub-par sound quality", "answer_start": 723, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#0", "question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "rewrite": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kermit's Swamp Years Kermit's Swamp Years is a 2002 direct-to-video buddy comedy-drama road adventure film, directed by David Gumpel, featuring Jim Henson's Muppets, including a young Kermit and his best friends Goggles and Croaker, who travel outside their homes in the swamps of the Deep South to do something extraordinary with their lives. The film, which tells the story of Kermit the Frog's early life, is a prequel to \"The Muppet Movie\" (1979). \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" debuted on the Starz network on August 18, 2002. Although the film rights are still owned by Sony Pictures rather than The Walt Disney Company, \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" was filmed at the Disney-MGM Studios (now known as Disney Hollywood Studios). The movie opens in the swamp lands that Kermit the Frog calls home. After meeting his old friend Horace D'Fly again, he recaps an adventure about his childhood where he enjoyed a serene amphibian's life with his smooth and confident best friend, Croaker the Frog, and a nervous and cowardly friend of his, Goggles the Toad. Young Kermit wonders what lies beyond the swamp, but his companions do not think the same. The friends run into two scientists, Dr. Hugo Krassman (John Hostetter) and Mary (Kelly Collins Lintz), intent on capturing frogs. Arnie the alligator saves them and warns them about the dangers lurking outside the swamp. The next day, they run into the bully Blotch, a bullfrog, who attacks Goggles.", "The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form.", "Ulmus minor 'Biltii' The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Biltii' was selected by Bernard Groenewegen at his nursery in de Bilt, Netherlands, possibly from French seedlings, and identified in his catalogue of 1921\u201322 as \"U. campestris Biltii\". 'Biltii' has a compact, pyramidal crown, not unlike the Cornish Elm, with crowded, dark green and nearly round leaves. The tips of the younger shoots are tinged purplish-bronze, contrasting with the yellowish-green emergent leaves. No specimens are known to survive.", "And so ends Episode 2 and Scott's search for a bear. While Scott is talking, he is interrupted when he sees Winnie the Pooh walking by. Scott thinks he has finally found his bear and runs towards Pooh saying that he \"just wanted an autograph\". In the brand new and exciting edition of Walt Disney World Inside Out, Scott Herriott is your \"Host, hydrolysis expert,\" and tour guide through Walt Disney World. First Scott heads to Disney MGM Studios to see Jim Henson's Muppet Vision 3D where he interviews guests about what they are expecting from this show. After Scott bumps into Sweetums, Scott receives his 3-D glasses and is told by Kermit the Frog that there is no videotaping inside the theater. Scott leaves Kermit saying \"that guy looks a lot like Kermit the Frog\" not knowing that he is the real deal. After Scott settles in, he watches the movie and kind of interacts with the Muppets. And as always the film ends with the Swedish Chef firing a cannon into the movie screen. After the film, Scott says that he can't tell the viewers about it \"but it involves the Swedish Chef, a bunch of penguins and a really big cannon\" Kermit the Frog comes up to Scott and tells him that the glasses need to come back to the theater. Scott then realizes that it really is Kermit the Frog and asks him about the pie scene and Kermit offers to demonstrate. Kermit then tosses the pie into Scott's face and Scott says that \"it seems so real\". Kermit tells Scott that it's much how they did it . Scott asks Kermit about having dinner tonight and that \"dessert's on me\".", "As well as the implementations developed and/or distributed by Columbia University, the Kermit protocol was implemented in a number of third-party communications software packages, among others ProComm and ProComm Plus. The term \"SuperKermit\" was coined by third-party vendors to refer to higher speed Kermit implementations offering features such as full duplex operation, sliding windows, and long packets; however, that term was deprecated by the original Kermit team at Columbia University, who saw these as simply features of the core Kermit protocol. Kermit was named after Kermit the Frog from The Muppets, with permission from Henson Associates. The program's icon in the Apple Macintosh version was a depiction of Kermit the Frog. A backronym was nevertheless created, perhaps to avoid trademark issues, \" KL10 Error-Free Reciprocal Microprocessor Interchange over TTY lines. \" Kermit is an open protocol\u2014anybody can base their own program on it, but some Kermit software and source code is copyright by Columbia University. As of version 9.0 (starting with the first test release after Alpha.09), C-Kermit has an Open Source license, the Revised 3-Clause BSD License. Everybody can use it as they wish for any purpose, including redistribution and resale. It may be included with any operating system where it works or can be made to work, including both free and commercial versions of Unix and Hewlett-Packard (formerly DEC) VMS (OpenVMS). Technical support was available from Columbia University through 30 June 2011."], "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#1", "question": "Where was Kermit born?", "rewrite": "Where was Kermit the Frog born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As well as the implementations developed and/or distributed by Columbia University, the Kermit protocol was implemented in a number of third-party communications software packages, among others ProComm and ProComm Plus. The term \"SuperKermit\" was coined by third-party vendors to refer to higher speed Kermit implementations offering features such as full duplex operation, sliding windows, and long packets; however, that term was deprecated by the original Kermit team at Columbia University, who saw these as simply features of the core Kermit protocol. Kermit was named after Kermit the Frog from The Muppets, with permission from Henson Associates. The program's icon in the Apple Macintosh version was a depiction of Kermit the Frog. A backronym was nevertheless created, perhaps to avoid trademark issues, \" KL10 Error-Free Reciprocal Microprocessor Interchange over TTY lines. \" Kermit is an open protocol\u2014anybody can base their own program on it, but some Kermit software and source code is copyright by Columbia University. As of version 9.0 (starting with the first test release after Alpha.09), C-Kermit has an Open Source license, the Revised 3-Clause BSD License. Everybody can use it as they wish for any purpose, including redistribution and resale. It may be included with any operating system where it works or can be made to work, including both free and commercial versions of Unix and Hewlett-Packard (formerly DEC) VMS (OpenVMS). Technical support was available from Columbia University through 30 June 2011.", "And so ends Episode 2 and Scott's search for a bear. While Scott is talking, he is interrupted when he sees Winnie the Pooh walking by. Scott thinks he has finally found his bear and runs towards Pooh saying that he \"just wanted an autograph\". In the brand new and exciting edition of Walt Disney World Inside Out, Scott Herriott is your \"Host, hydrolysis expert,\" and tour guide through Walt Disney World. First Scott heads to Disney MGM Studios to see Jim Henson's Muppet Vision 3D where he interviews guests about what they are expecting from this show. After Scott bumps into Sweetums, Scott receives his 3-D glasses and is told by Kermit the Frog that there is no videotaping inside the theater. Scott leaves Kermit saying \"that guy looks a lot like Kermit the Frog\" not knowing that he is the real deal. After Scott settles in, he watches the movie and kind of interacts with the Muppets. And as always the film ends with the Swedish Chef firing a cannon into the movie screen. After the film, Scott says that he can't tell the viewers about it \"but it involves the Swedish Chef, a bunch of penguins and a really big cannon\" Kermit the Frog comes up to Scott and tells him that the glasses need to come back to the theater. Scott then realizes that it really is Kermit the Frog and asks him about the pie scene and Kermit offers to demonstrate. Kermit then tosses the pie into Scott's face and Scott says that \"it seems so real\". Kermit tells Scott that it's much how they did it . Scott asks Kermit about having dinner tonight and that \"dessert's on me\".", "The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form.", "Kermit's Swamp Years Kermit's Swamp Years is a 2002 direct-to-video buddy comedy-drama road adventure film, directed by David Gumpel, featuring Jim Henson's Muppets, including a young Kermit and his best friends Goggles and Croaker, who travel outside their homes in the swamps of the Deep South to do something extraordinary with their lives. The film, which tells the story of Kermit the Frog's early life, is a prequel to \"The Muppet Movie\" (1979). \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" debuted on the Starz network on August 18, 2002. Although the film rights are still owned by Sony Pictures rather than The Walt Disney Company, \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" was filmed at the Disney-MGM Studios (now known as Disney Hollywood Studios). The movie opens in the swamp lands that Kermit the Frog calls home. After meeting his old friend Horace D'Fly again, he recaps an adventure about his childhood where he enjoyed a serene amphibian's life with his smooth and confident best friend, Croaker the Frog, and a nervous and cowardly friend of his, Goggles the Toad. Young Kermit wonders what lies beyond the swamp, but his companions do not think the same. The friends run into two scientists, Dr. Hugo Krassman (John Hostetter) and Mary (Kelly Collins Lintz), intent on capturing frogs. Arnie the alligator saves them and warns them about the dangers lurking outside the swamp. The next day, they run into the bully Blotch, a bullfrog, who attacks Goggles.", "Ulmus minor 'Biltii' The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Biltii' was selected by Bernard Groenewegen at his nursery in de Bilt, Netherlands, possibly from French seedlings, and identified in his catalogue of 1921\u201322 as \"U. campestris Biltii\". 'Biltii' has a compact, pyramidal crown, not unlike the Cornish Elm, with crowded, dark green and nearly round leaves. The tips of the younger shoots are tinged purplish-bronze, contrasting with the yellowish-green emergent leaves. No specimens are known to survive."], "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#2", "question": "Does he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Does Kermit the Frog have any siblings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form.", "Kermit's Swamp Years Kermit's Swamp Years is a 2002 direct-to-video buddy comedy-drama road adventure film, directed by David Gumpel, featuring Jim Henson's Muppets, including a young Kermit and his best friends Goggles and Croaker, who travel outside their homes in the swamps of the Deep South to do something extraordinary with their lives. The film, which tells the story of Kermit the Frog's early life, is a prequel to \"The Muppet Movie\" (1979). \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" debuted on the Starz network on August 18, 2002. Although the film rights are still owned by Sony Pictures rather than The Walt Disney Company, \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" was filmed at the Disney-MGM Studios (now known as Disney Hollywood Studios). The movie opens in the swamp lands that Kermit the Frog calls home. After meeting his old friend Horace D'Fly again, he recaps an adventure about his childhood where he enjoyed a serene amphibian's life with his smooth and confident best friend, Croaker the Frog, and a nervous and cowardly friend of his, Goggles the Toad. Young Kermit wonders what lies beyond the swamp, but his companions do not think the same. The friends run into two scientists, Dr. Hugo Krassman (John Hostetter) and Mary (Kelly Collins Lintz), intent on capturing frogs. Arnie the alligator saves them and warns them about the dangers lurking outside the swamp. The next day, they run into the bully Blotch, a bullfrog, who attacks Goggles.", "As well as the implementations developed and/or distributed by Columbia University, the Kermit protocol was implemented in a number of third-party communications software packages, among others ProComm and ProComm Plus. The term \"SuperKermit\" was coined by third-party vendors to refer to higher speed Kermit implementations offering features such as full duplex operation, sliding windows, and long packets; however, that term was deprecated by the original Kermit team at Columbia University, who saw these as simply features of the core Kermit protocol. Kermit was named after Kermit the Frog from The Muppets, with permission from Henson Associates. The program's icon in the Apple Macintosh version was a depiction of Kermit the Frog. A backronym was nevertheless created, perhaps to avoid trademark issues, \" KL10 Error-Free Reciprocal Microprocessor Interchange over TTY lines. \" Kermit is an open protocol\u2014anybody can base their own program on it, but some Kermit software and source code is copyright by Columbia University. As of version 9.0 (starting with the first test release after Alpha.09), C-Kermit has an Open Source license, the Revised 3-Clause BSD License. Everybody can use it as they wish for any purpose, including redistribution and resale. It may be included with any operating system where it works or can be made to work, including both free and commercial versions of Unix and Hewlett-Packard (formerly DEC) VMS (OpenVMS). Technical support was available from Columbia University through 30 June 2011.", "And so ends Episode 2 and Scott's search for a bear. While Scott is talking, he is interrupted when he sees Winnie the Pooh walking by. Scott thinks he has finally found his bear and runs towards Pooh saying that he \"just wanted an autograph\". In the brand new and exciting edition of Walt Disney World Inside Out, Scott Herriott is your \"Host, hydrolysis expert,\" and tour guide through Walt Disney World. First Scott heads to Disney MGM Studios to see Jim Henson's Muppet Vision 3D where he interviews guests about what they are expecting from this show. After Scott bumps into Sweetums, Scott receives his 3-D glasses and is told by Kermit the Frog that there is no videotaping inside the theater. Scott leaves Kermit saying \"that guy looks a lot like Kermit the Frog\" not knowing that he is the real deal. After Scott settles in, he watches the movie and kind of interacts with the Muppets. And as always the film ends with the Swedish Chef firing a cannon into the movie screen. After the film, Scott says that he can't tell the viewers about it \"but it involves the Swedish Chef, a bunch of penguins and a really big cannon\" Kermit the Frog comes up to Scott and tells him that the glasses need to come back to the theater. Scott then realizes that it really is Kermit the Frog and asks him about the pie scene and Kermit offers to demonstrate. Kermit then tosses the pie into Scott's face and Scott says that \"it seems so real\". Kermit tells Scott that it's much how they did it . Scott asks Kermit about having dinner tonight and that \"dessert's on me\".", "Since the debut of The Muppet Show, the romantic relationship between Miss Piggy and Kermit the Frog has been subject to substantial coverage and commentary by the media. Throughout The Muppet Show's run, Miss Piggy's romantic pursuit for Kermit was consistently expressed. Kermit, however, constantly rebuffed Piggy's feelings. Eventually, in the films, Kermit began returning her affections and even (unwittingly) marries her in The Muppets Take Manhattan. However, subsequent events suggest that the marriage was simply fictional. It is mentioned by Miss Piggy, however, in The Muppets: A Celebration of 30 years (1986) that Kermit was a happily-married frog. This marriage isn't referenced in Muppets Most Wanted and the two get married again in this film. Miss Piggy and Kermit formally ended their romantic relationship on May 10, 1990. The decision was made by Jim Henson Productions and a publicity campaign titled \"The Pig of the Nineties\" was scheduled to follow. An autobiography of Piggy was expected to be published as part of the effort. However, shortly after the announcement on May 16, Jim Henson died and the campaign was dropped altogether. The two eventually resumed their relationship. In 2015, Miss Piggy and Kermit ended their romantic relationship for a second time. Some commentators said the relationship should end permanently since she regularly abused him. \"In the end, it's better for everyone that Kermit and Piggy have gone their separate ways. For the frog, it means the end of a long, abusive relationship,\" wrote Noah Berlatsky in The New Republic."], "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#3", "question": "Who are his parents?", "rewrite": "Who are Kermit the Frog's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["before reporting where he is. The reports began smoothly enough before something invariably went wrong, in most cases the work of the hapless Kermit. For instance:   Other segments were more serious. For example, one skit featured Kermit interviewing monsters at a daycare center about what they wanted to be when they grew up, while another featured Telly Monster and his sister being asked what they do on a rainy day. Another skit explored parential separation and divorce, featuring a young bird whose parents live in different trees; the song \"They Live in Different Places, But They Both Love Me\" was used to reinforce the moral. a News Flash sketch about a Christmas Shopping Craze is also shown in \"Elmo Saves Christmas\". Steve Whitmire played Kermit in a brand-new Sesame Street News Flash with the frog reporting on the sudden Christmas shopping craze since it will be Christmas again, eventually leading to a Large Lavender Live Hand Anything Muppet man trying to purchase his microphone. Each report concluded with Kermit saying, \"This is Kermit the Frog returning you to your regularly scheduled program.\" There were many News Flash skits produced between 1972 and 1994. After Jim Henson's death, the skits were unofficially canceled, but older Sesame Street News segments were still rerun on the show. On a few occasions, a new Sesame Street News segment would be made relating to the episode, with Steve Whitmire performing Kermit. By 1998, the sketches became increasingly rare on the show. In 2001, when Sesame Workshop bought the rights to the Sesame Street Muppets, since Kermit the Frog was made before Sesame Street was created, and was the main character of The Muppets including \"The Muppet Show\", \"The Muppet Movie\" and other non Sesame Street related productions made by Jim Henson Productions.", "Since the debut of The Muppet Show, the romantic relationship between Miss Piggy and Kermit the Frog has been subject to substantial coverage and commentary by the media. Throughout The Muppet Show's run, Miss Piggy's romantic pursuit for Kermit was consistently expressed. Kermit, however, constantly rebuffed Piggy's feelings. Eventually, in the films, Kermit began returning her affections and even (unwittingly) marries her in The Muppets Take Manhattan. However, subsequent events suggest that the marriage was simply fictional. It is mentioned by Miss Piggy, however, in The Muppets: A Celebration of 30 years (1986) that Kermit was a happily-married frog. This marriage isn't referenced in Muppets Most Wanted and the two get married again in this film. Miss Piggy and Kermit formally ended their romantic relationship on May 10, 1990. The decision was made by Jim Henson Productions and a publicity campaign titled \"The Pig of the Nineties\" was scheduled to follow. An autobiography of Piggy was expected to be published as part of the effort. However, shortly after the announcement on May 16, Jim Henson died and the campaign was dropped altogether. The two eventually resumed their relationship. In 2015, Miss Piggy and Kermit ended their romantic relationship for a second time. Some commentators said the relationship should end permanently since she regularly abused him. \"In the end, it's better for everyone that Kermit and Piggy have gone their separate ways. For the frog, it means the end of a long, abusive relationship,\" wrote Noah Berlatsky in The New Republic.", "And so ends Episode 2 and Scott's search for a bear. While Scott is talking, he is interrupted when he sees Winnie the Pooh walking by. Scott thinks he has finally found his bear and runs towards Pooh saying that he \"just wanted an autograph\". In the brand new and exciting edition of Walt Disney World Inside Out, Scott Herriott is your \"Host, hydrolysis expert,\" and tour guide through Walt Disney World. First Scott heads to Disney MGM Studios to see Jim Henson's Muppet Vision 3D where he interviews guests about what they are expecting from this show. After Scott bumps into Sweetums, Scott receives his 3-D glasses and is told by Kermit the Frog that there is no videotaping inside the theater. Scott leaves Kermit saying \"that guy looks a lot like Kermit the Frog\" not knowing that he is the real deal. After Scott settles in, he watches the movie and kind of interacts with the Muppets. And as always the film ends with the Swedish Chef firing a cannon into the movie screen. After the film, Scott says that he can't tell the viewers about it \"but it involves the Swedish Chef, a bunch of penguins and a really big cannon\" Kermit the Frog comes up to Scott and tells him that the glasses need to come back to the theater. Scott then realizes that it really is Kermit the Frog and asks him about the pie scene and Kermit offers to demonstrate. Kermit then tosses the pie into Scott's face and Scott says that \"it seems so real\". Kermit tells Scott that it's much how they did it . Scott asks Kermit about having dinner tonight and that \"dessert's on me\".", "As well as the implementations developed and/or distributed by Columbia University, the Kermit protocol was implemented in a number of third-party communications software packages, among others ProComm and ProComm Plus. The term \"SuperKermit\" was coined by third-party vendors to refer to higher speed Kermit implementations offering features such as full duplex operation, sliding windows, and long packets; however, that term was deprecated by the original Kermit team at Columbia University, who saw these as simply features of the core Kermit protocol. Kermit was named after Kermit the Frog from The Muppets, with permission from Henson Associates. The program's icon in the Apple Macintosh version was a depiction of Kermit the Frog. A backronym was nevertheless created, perhaps to avoid trademark issues, \" KL10 Error-Free Reciprocal Microprocessor Interchange over TTY lines. \" Kermit is an open protocol\u2014anybody can base their own program on it, but some Kermit software and source code is copyright by Columbia University. As of version 9.0 (starting with the first test release after Alpha.09), C-Kermit has an Open Source license, the Revised 3-Clause BSD License. Everybody can use it as they wish for any purpose, including redistribution and resale. It may be included with any operating system where it works or can be made to work, including both free and commercial versions of Unix and Hewlett-Packard (formerly DEC) VMS (OpenVMS). Technical support was available from Columbia University through 30 June 2011.", "The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#4", "question": "Did he leave Mississippi?", "rewrite": "Did Kermit the Frog leave Mississippi?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Kermit Scott Theodore Kermit Scott Jr. (October 18, 1936 \u2013 May 26, 2008) was an American counselor and professor of philosophy, was a childhood friend of Muppets creator Jim Henson who was incorrectly presumed to be the namesake of Kermit the Frog. Scott was born in Pontotoc, Mississippi, on October 18, 1936. He grew up in Leland, Mississippi, which was also the hometown of Jim Henson, who would one day create the Muppets. Scott's brother-in-law, Aaron Moss, recalled that the relationship in which Scott and Henson had as children, \"Kermit had moved to Leland at an early age. Those two kids met and were childhood buddies. They spent a lot of time running up and down the creek, like most kids did.\" Henson and his family moved away from Leland, and subsequently the two lost contact with one another. Years later, however, Scott discovered that Henson had named one of his most famous Muppets Kermit the Frog. However, both Jim Henson and The Jim Henson Company stated that Kermit the Frog was not named after Kermit Scott. Scott enrolled in Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi, and also studied in Germany on a scholarship. He received his doctorate in philosophy from Columbia University in New York City. He taught Philosophy as a professor at Yale University and Millsaps College. He then taught at Purdue University for 36 years. Scott retired from teaching to pursue a master's degree in social work, which he earned in 1993. He pursued his second career as a counselor. Scott and his wife, Aadron Scott, co-founded two organizations as to advocate for the poor, the Food Bank of Lafayette, Indiana, and the Welfare Rights Organization. Scott died on May 26, 2008, at the age of 71 in Lynchburg, Virginia.", "Frog and Toad try to fly a kite with some difficulty, eventually succeeding despite heckling from the birds (\"The Kite\"). By the end of summer, leaves cover the ground and the Birds fly south for the winter (\"A Year With Frog and Toad (Reprise)\"). Each of the two friends intends to surprise the other by raking his yard (\"He\u2019ll Never Know\"), but the squirrels soon make a mess of the neat piles of leaves, so neither of the friends discovers the good deed that the other has done. A few days pass as a storm comes, and Frog tells Toad a scary semi-autobiographical story about a young Frog, whose parents; Mother Frog and Father Frog leave Young Frog to go find a way out of the woods. The story continues as the young Frog escapes from being eaten by a Large and Terrible Frog (\"Shivers\"). Now it is winter and the Moles come out to play (\"Snow Ballet\"). Snail continues to Toad's house to deliver the letter (\"The Letter (Reprise)\"). Frog and Toad decide to go sledding down a hill that frightens Toad (\"Down The Hill\"). Frog falls off the sled, which bears Toad on a dangerous and bumpy path. Toad is angry that Frog made him sled down the steep hill. Snail finally arrives with the letter that Frog had sent to Toad months earlier. The letter tells how Frog is only happy when his friend Toad is happy. Toad forgives Frog, and Snail is proud to have delivered his first letter (\"I\u2019m Coming Out of My Shell\"). Frog is late on Christmas Eve, and Toad is worried about all the bad things that might have happened to him (\"Toad to the Rescue\")", "As well as the implementations developed and/or distributed by Columbia University, the Kermit protocol was implemented in a number of third-party communications software packages, among others ProComm and ProComm Plus. The term \"SuperKermit\" was coined by third-party vendors to refer to higher speed Kermit implementations offering features such as full duplex operation, sliding windows, and long packets; however, that term was deprecated by the original Kermit team at Columbia University, who saw these as simply features of the core Kermit protocol. Kermit was named after Kermit the Frog from The Muppets, with permission from Henson Associates. The program's icon in the Apple Macintosh version was a depiction of Kermit the Frog. A backronym was nevertheless created, perhaps to avoid trademark issues, \" KL10 Error-Free Reciprocal Microprocessor Interchange over TTY lines. \" Kermit is an open protocol\u2014anybody can base their own program on it, but some Kermit software and source code is copyright by Columbia University. As of version 9.0 (starting with the first test release after Alpha.09), C-Kermit has an Open Source license, the Revised 3-Clause BSD License. Everybody can use it as they wish for any purpose, including redistribution and resale. It may be included with any operating system where it works or can be made to work, including both free and commercial versions of Unix and Hewlett-Packard (formerly DEC) VMS (OpenVMS). Technical support was available from Columbia University through 30 June 2011.", "The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form.", "And so ends Episode 2 and Scott's search for a bear. While Scott is talking, he is interrupted when he sees Winnie the Pooh walking by. Scott thinks he has finally found his bear and runs towards Pooh saying that he \"just wanted an autograph\". In the brand new and exciting edition of Walt Disney World Inside Out, Scott Herriott is your \"Host, hydrolysis expert,\" and tour guide through Walt Disney World. First Scott heads to Disney MGM Studios to see Jim Henson's Muppet Vision 3D where he interviews guests about what they are expecting from this show. After Scott bumps into Sweetums, Scott receives his 3-D glasses and is told by Kermit the Frog that there is no videotaping inside the theater. Scott leaves Kermit saying \"that guy looks a lot like Kermit the Frog\" not knowing that he is the real deal. After Scott settles in, he watches the movie and kind of interacts with the Muppets. And as always the film ends with the Swedish Chef firing a cannon into the movie screen. After the film, Scott says that he can't tell the viewers about it \"but it involves the Swedish Chef, a bunch of penguins and a really big cannon\" Kermit the Frog comes up to Scott and tells him that the glasses need to come back to the theater. Scott then realizes that it really is Kermit the Frog and asks him about the pie scene and Kermit offers to demonstrate. Kermit then tosses the pie into Scott's face and Scott says that \"it seems so real\". Kermit tells Scott that it's much how they did it . Scott asks Kermit about having dinner tonight and that \"dessert's on me\"."], "answer": {"text": "at the age of 12, he was the first of his siblings to leave the swamp, and one of the first frogs to talk to humans.", "answer_start": 399}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#5", "question": "Does he go back home?", "rewrite": "Does Kermit the Frog go back home after leaving at the age of 12?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The frog's discoverers postulated that the frog went undetected in previous surveys of Costa Rica because its call is more like an insect than a typical frog. \"Hyalinobatrachium dianae\" was discovered in the Talamanca Mountains of Costa Rica, and described from six specimens collected in the area. The find was announced by researchers Brian Kubicki, Stanley Salazar, and Robert Puschendorf from the Costa Rican Amphibian Research Center in April 2015. It is the 14th species of glass frog known from Costa Rica, and 149th overall. Kubicki chose the specific name in honor of his mother, Janet Diane Kubicki. Due to the frog's resemblance to Kermit, the discovery attracted a substantial amount of attention in popular media. Tweets and news articles comparing \"H. dianae\" to Kermit helped images of the frog go viral. The attention prompted Disney to release an official interview where Kermit talked about \"H. dianae,\" saying, for example, \"Googly eyes run in our family.\" Commenting on the attention, Kubicki said he was surprised because he had not noticed the resemblance himself, but was \"glad\" that it \"ended up getting so much international attention\" which drew attention to \"the amazing amphibians that are native to Costa Rica and the need to continue exploring and studying the country's amazing tropical forests.\"", "Wilson heading to biology class, so he hitches a ride on a student's backpack. Krassman decides to dissect Goggles, but Blotch takes his place to return the favor for rescuing them from Vicki. Krassman discides to dissect Croaker instead, when Wilson brings him into the class. Mary refuses to show the class how the dissection is done, so she leaves the classroom. In a daring rescue, Kermit manages to free Croaker from the dissection table and fend off Dr. Krassman using some swashbuckling techniques he picked up earlier at a movie theater, but Krassman is able to defeat Kermit, Croaker, and Blotch. Goggles finds the knife that Kermit dropped, but after he picks it up, Krassman spots him. Despite the warnings that Kermit should never talk to humans, Kermit stops Krassman from dissecting Goggles by talking and asks him to please release the frogs. This decision by Kermit reveals that Krassman, as a child, when he was going to dissect his first frog, the frog spoke to him, but he refused to say it out loud to everyone else in Krassman's classroom, which caused him to be humiliated. With the truth revealed that frogs can talk, Krassman frees all the frogs and dismisses the class and enables Kermit and his friends to return home. After a ride back on Wilson's truck, Wilson adopts Pilgrim and the four friends head back home. Back in the present, Kermit enters the swamp to meet up with his three old friends, and Horace D'Fly is seen singing. Goggles and Croaker were performed by Joey Mazzarino and Bill Barretta, respectively.", "And so ends Episode 2 and Scott's search for a bear. While Scott is talking, he is interrupted when he sees Winnie the Pooh walking by. Scott thinks he has finally found his bear and runs towards Pooh saying that he \"just wanted an autograph\". In the brand new and exciting edition of Walt Disney World Inside Out, Scott Herriott is your \"Host, hydrolysis expert,\" and tour guide through Walt Disney World. First Scott heads to Disney MGM Studios to see Jim Henson's Muppet Vision 3D where he interviews guests about what they are expecting from this show. After Scott bumps into Sweetums, Scott receives his 3-D glasses and is told by Kermit the Frog that there is no videotaping inside the theater. Scott leaves Kermit saying \"that guy looks a lot like Kermit the Frog\" not knowing that he is the real deal. After Scott settles in, he watches the movie and kind of interacts with the Muppets. And as always the film ends with the Swedish Chef firing a cannon into the movie screen. After the film, Scott says that he can't tell the viewers about it \"but it involves the Swedish Chef, a bunch of penguins and a really big cannon\" Kermit the Frog comes up to Scott and tells him that the glasses need to come back to the theater. Scott then realizes that it really is Kermit the Frog and asks him about the pie scene and Kermit offers to demonstrate. Kermit then tosses the pie into Scott's face and Scott says that \"it seems so real\". Kermit tells Scott that it's much how they did it . Scott asks Kermit about having dinner tonight and that \"dessert's on me\".", "Kermit's Swamp Years Kermit's Swamp Years is a 2002 direct-to-video buddy comedy-drama road adventure film, directed by David Gumpel, featuring Jim Henson's Muppets, including a young Kermit and his best friends Goggles and Croaker, who travel outside their homes in the swamps of the Deep South to do something extraordinary with their lives. The film, which tells the story of Kermit the Frog's early life, is a prequel to \"The Muppet Movie\" (1979). \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" debuted on the Starz network on August 18, 2002. Although the film rights are still owned by Sony Pictures rather than The Walt Disney Company, \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" was filmed at the Disney-MGM Studios (now known as Disney Hollywood Studios). The movie opens in the swamp lands that Kermit the Frog calls home. After meeting his old friend Horace D'Fly again, he recaps an adventure about his childhood where he enjoyed a serene amphibian's life with his smooth and confident best friend, Croaker the Frog, and a nervous and cowardly friend of his, Goggles the Toad. Young Kermit wonders what lies beyond the swamp, but his companions do not think the same. The friends run into two scientists, Dr. Hugo Krassman (John Hostetter) and Mary (Kelly Collins Lintz), intent on capturing frogs. Arnie the alligator saves them and warns them about the dangers lurking outside the swamp. The next day, they run into the bully Blotch, a bullfrog, who attacks Goggles.", "The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form."], "answer": {"text": "According to The Muppet Movie, Kermit returned to the swamp, where a passing agent (Dom DeLuise) noted he had talent", "answer_start": 628}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave Mississippi?", "answer": {"text": "at the age of 12, he was the first of his siblings to leave the swamp, and one of the first frogs to talk to humans.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#6", "question": "Is there a movie about his childhood?", "rewrite": "Is there a movie about Kermit the Frog's childhood?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Kermit's Swamp Years Kermit's Swamp Years is a 2002 direct-to-video buddy comedy-drama road adventure film, directed by David Gumpel, featuring Jim Henson's Muppets, including a young Kermit and his best friends Goggles and Croaker, who travel outside their homes in the swamps of the Deep South to do something extraordinary with their lives. The film, which tells the story of Kermit the Frog's early life, is a prequel to \"The Muppet Movie\" (1979). \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" debuted on the Starz network on August 18, 2002. Although the film rights are still owned by Sony Pictures rather than The Walt Disney Company, \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" was filmed at the Disney-MGM Studios (now known as Disney Hollywood Studios). The movie opens in the swamp lands that Kermit the Frog calls home. After meeting his old friend Horace D'Fly again, he recaps an adventure about his childhood where he enjoyed a serene amphibian's life with his smooth and confident best friend, Croaker the Frog, and a nervous and cowardly friend of his, Goggles the Toad. Young Kermit wonders what lies beyond the swamp, but his companions do not think the same. The friends run into two scientists, Dr. Hugo Krassman (John Hostetter) and Mary (Kelly Collins Lintz), intent on capturing frogs. Arnie the alligator saves them and warns them about the dangers lurking outside the swamp. The next day, they run into the bully Blotch, a bullfrog, who attacks Goggles.", "And so ends Episode 2 and Scott's search for a bear. While Scott is talking, he is interrupted when he sees Winnie the Pooh walking by. Scott thinks he has finally found his bear and runs towards Pooh saying that he \"just wanted an autograph\". In the brand new and exciting edition of Walt Disney World Inside Out, Scott Herriott is your \"Host, hydrolysis expert,\" and tour guide through Walt Disney World. First Scott heads to Disney MGM Studios to see Jim Henson's Muppet Vision 3D where he interviews guests about what they are expecting from this show. After Scott bumps into Sweetums, Scott receives his 3-D glasses and is told by Kermit the Frog that there is no videotaping inside the theater. Scott leaves Kermit saying \"that guy looks a lot like Kermit the Frog\" not knowing that he is the real deal. After Scott settles in, he watches the movie and kind of interacts with the Muppets. And as always the film ends with the Swedish Chef firing a cannon into the movie screen. After the film, Scott says that he can't tell the viewers about it \"but it involves the Swedish Chef, a bunch of penguins and a really big cannon\" Kermit the Frog comes up to Scott and tells him that the glasses need to come back to the theater. Scott then realizes that it really is Kermit the Frog and asks him about the pie scene and Kermit offers to demonstrate. Kermit then tosses the pie into Scott's face and Scott says that \"it seems so real\". Kermit tells Scott that it's much how they did it . Scott asks Kermit about having dinner tonight and that \"dessert's on me\".", "The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form.", "Before You Leap Before You Leap is the autobiography published under the name of the Muppet character Kermit the Frog. In actuality, the book was written as a self-help guide by Jim Lewis. It was released by Meredith Books in September 2006. Steve Whitmire performed Kermit on CBS News in January 2007 to discuss the book's themes. The book was also mentioned in a 2014 episode of \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" featuring Kermit. The book is written as a follow-up to a 2005 book titled \"It's Not Easy Being Green\" and contains references to Kermit's song \"Bein' Green\". The memoir begins with Kermit's beginnings as one of over 2,000 tadpole children; the first chapter retcons the film \"Kermit's Swamp Years\" in many ways by reimagining the character's childhood. The first part of the book tells a fictionalized account of how the Muppets began. Kermit meets Jim Henson in Washington, D.C. and stars in the first television program to feature the character, \"Sam and Friends\". He moves to New York and mentions Rowlf the Dog's appearances on \"The Jimmy Dean Show\", which contributed to the Muppets' early success. Kermit gets a job on \"Sesame Street\", which leads to \"The Muppet Show\" and multiple feature films. Each new job for Kermit is described as a personal accomplishment, and these descriptions include accounts of Kermit's early interactions with characters such as Miss Piggy, Fozzie Bear, and Gonzo. The second part of the book involves Kermit's own take on popular self-help lessons.", "Kermit Scott Theodore Kermit Scott Jr. (October 18, 1936 \u2013 May 26, 2008) was an American counselor and professor of philosophy, was a childhood friend of Muppets creator Jim Henson who was incorrectly presumed to be the namesake of Kermit the Frog. Scott was born in Pontotoc, Mississippi, on October 18, 1936. He grew up in Leland, Mississippi, which was also the hometown of Jim Henson, who would one day create the Muppets. Scott's brother-in-law, Aaron Moss, recalled that the relationship in which Scott and Henson had as children, \"Kermit had moved to Leland at an early age. Those two kids met and were childhood buddies. They spent a lot of time running up and down the creek, like most kids did.\" Henson and his family moved away from Leland, and subsequently the two lost contact with one another. Years later, however, Scott discovered that Henson had named one of his most famous Muppets Kermit the Frog. However, both Jim Henson and The Jim Henson Company stated that Kermit the Frog was not named after Kermit Scott. Scott enrolled in Millsaps College in Jackson, Mississippi, and also studied in Germany on a scholarship. He received his doctorate in philosophy from Columbia University in New York City. He taught Philosophy as a professor at Yale University and Millsaps College. He then taught at Purdue University for 36 years. Scott retired from teaching to pursue a master's degree in social work, which he earned in 1993. He pursued his second career as a counselor. Scott and his wife, Aadron Scott, co-founded two organizations as to advocate for the poor, the Food Bank of Lafayette, Indiana, and the Welfare Rights Organization. Scott died on May 26, 2008, at the age of 71 in Lynchburg, Virginia."], "answer": {"text": "2002 film Kermit's Swamp Years,", "answer_start": 367}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave Mississippi?", "answer": {"text": "at the age of 12, he was the first of his siblings to leave the swamp, and one of the first frogs to talk to humans.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he go back home?", "answer": {"text": "According to The Muppet Movie, Kermit returned to the swamp, where a passing agent (Dom DeLuise) noted he had talent", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#7", "question": "How did he meet the other Muppets?", "rewrite": "How did Kermit the Frog meet the other Muppets?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Muppets: A Celebration of 30 Years The Muppets: A Celebration of 30 Years is a one-hour special starring Jim Henson's Muppets. It was shot in Toronto, Ontario in 1985 and aired January 21, 1986 on CBS. Various Muppets from \"The Muppet Show\", \"Sesame Street\", \"Sam and Friends\", Uncle Traveling Matt and Sprocket the Dog from \"Fraggle Rock\", and other Muppet-related characters host a banquet to celebrate their thirtieth anniversary by presenting a retrospective of their film and television appearances. After a montage of various Muppet clips dating from 1955 to 1984, and overlaid with Ethel Merman singing \"There's No Business Like Show Business\", we find an elegant ballroom jam-packed with (as the announcer, an uncredited John Harlan, tells us) \" all of Jim Henson's Muppets-except for those who couldn't make it\". Hosted by Fozzie Bear and featuring guest of honor Kermit the Frog , the program provides an overview of the Muppets's history and musical highlights. Kermit doesn't feel he deserves the cheesy words Fozzie uses to describe, but Fozzie insists, reminding Kermit that he was the one who began the Muppets's career. A clip from \"The Muppet Movie\" is shown, with Kermit getting the Muppets's their big break in Hollywood. A montage early appearances in the 1950s and early 1960s is then shown. These include clips from \"Sam and Friends\", \"The Ed Sullivan Show\", and commercials for Wilkins Coffee and La Choy. Kermit then mentions that Rowlf the Dog was \"the first Muppet to have a regular spot on network television\".", "Since the debut of The Muppet Show, the romantic relationship between Miss Piggy and Kermit the Frog has been subject to substantial coverage and commentary by the media. Throughout The Muppet Show's run, Miss Piggy's romantic pursuit for Kermit was consistently expressed. Kermit, however, constantly rebuffed Piggy's feelings. Eventually, in the films, Kermit began returning her affections and even (unwittingly) marries her in The Muppets Take Manhattan. However, subsequent events suggest that the marriage was simply fictional. It is mentioned by Miss Piggy, however, in The Muppets: A Celebration of 30 years (1986) that Kermit was a happily-married frog. This marriage isn't referenced in Muppets Most Wanted and the two get married again in this film. Miss Piggy and Kermit formally ended their romantic relationship on May 10, 1990. The decision was made by Jim Henson Productions and a publicity campaign titled \"The Pig of the Nineties\" was scheduled to follow. An autobiography of Piggy was expected to be published as part of the effort. However, shortly after the announcement on May 16, Jim Henson died and the campaign was dropped altogether. The two eventually resumed their relationship. In 2015, Miss Piggy and Kermit ended their romantic relationship for a second time. Some commentators said the relationship should end permanently since she regularly abused him. \"In the end, it's better for everyone that Kermit and Piggy have gone their separate ways. For the frog, it means the end of a long, abusive relationship,\" wrote Noah Berlatsky in The New Republic.", "The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson The Muppets Celebrate Jim Henson is a one-hour special that aired on CBS on November 21, 1990. The program was a tribute to Muppet creator Jim Henson, who had died earlier in 1990 due to toxic shock syndrome caused by a streptococcus infection, and featured characters from \"The Muppet Show\", \"Fraggle Rock\", and \"Sesame Street\". It marked Steve Whitmire's first onscreen performance as Kermit the Frog. Kermit the Frog is away traveling, leaving Fozzie Bear and the other Muppets in charge of the week's production number. On the day of the show, the Muppets receive a letter from Kermit informing them the production number is meant to pay tribute to Jim Henson. However, the group is unfamiliar with who Henson is. The rest of the special depicts the Muppets figuring out Jim Henson's relation to them, while simultaneously creating the production number. Through the course of the special, interviews of several special guests are shown (including Carol Burnett, Ray Charles, John Denver, Steven Spielberg, Harry Belafonte and Frank Oz), where each guest recounts their personal experiences with Henson and his contributions to film, television, puppetry and philanthropy. As the Muppets are nearing the presentation of their tribute number, Fozzie discovers some of Jim Henson's fan mail. One letter addressed to Kermit initially starts out cheerfully, but then turns to sorrow when the letter reveals that Henson has since died. Shocked, the Muppets take turns reading different letters from fans. Finally, Fozzie decides to cancel the production number, deeming it improper for the occasion.", ", \"The Muppets Take Manhattan\" (1984), \"The Muppet Christmas Carol\" (1992), \"Muppet Treasure Island\" (1996), \"Muppets from Space\" (1999), \"The Muppets\" (2011) and \"Muppets Most Wanted\" (2014). The film begins with the Muppets sitting down at a private screening to watch a movie that tells the story of how they all met. Kermit the Frog lives in a Florida swamp, dreaming of being a star. One day, he enjoys an afternoon, playing his banjo and singing \"Rainbow Connection\", when he is approached by Bernie, a talent agent who encourages Kermit to pursue a career in show business before being chased away by a nearby alligator. Inspired by the idea of \"making millions of people happy\", Kermit sets off on a cross-country trip to L.A., but is soon pursued by entrepreneur Doc Hopper and his assistant Max, who attempt to convince Kermit to be the new spokesman of Hopper's struggling french-fried frog legs restaurant franchise. Unwilling to accept Kermit's refusal, Hopper resorts to increasingly insane means of persuasion. Kermit meets Fozzie Bear, working as a hapless stand-up comedian, and invites him on his journey. The two set out in Fozzie's 1951 Studebaker. They meet the rock band Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem and their manager Scooter in an old church, who receive a copy of the film's script from the pair (one of a number of self-referential jokes). They meet and are joined by Gonzo and his girlfriend Camilla the Chicken. They trade in their failing vehicle at a used car lot, where they meet Sweetums. They invite him to come with them, but he runs away.", "The Frog Prince (Muppets) The Frog Prince (released on home video as Tales from Muppetland: The Frog Prince) is a 1971 American/Canadian musical fantasy comedy television special directed by Jim Henson, and jointly produced by Robert Lawrence Productions and Henson Associates. It is a retelling of the classic fairy tale of \"The Frog Prince\" featuring Kermit the Frog as the narrator, Kermit's nephew Robin as the Frog Prince, Sir Robin the Brave, and Sweetums, among others. This special marked the debut of both Robin and Sweetums to the world of The Muppets. While swimming a well, Kermit introduces himself as the narrator of a special about frogs. The special opens with Kermit and several other frogs sitting around a well, when a small frog they do not recognize appears. The frog introduces himself as Sir Robin the Brave, explaining that he is actually a prince. He recounts, in flashback, how he once fought an ogre named Sweetums and was transformed into a frog by Sweetums's master, a villainous witch named Taminella Grinderfall. Taminella intended to give Robin to Sweetums as his breakfast, but Robin hopped away before they could catch him. The other frogs laughingly dismiss Robin's story as a fairy tale. Kermit is more sympathetic, though he himself does not fully believe Robin. Robin reveals to Kermit that he cannot swim, and Kermit gives him swimming lessons. Nearby, they hear King Rupert the Second proclaiming that he will step down as king that evening; and his daughter, Princess Melora (who is turning nineteen that day), will be crowned queen. Robin is overjoyed, as he must be kissed by a princess in order to be returned to human form."], "answer": {"text": ") noted he had talent and, thus inspired, he headed to Hollywood, encountering the rest of the Muppets along the way.", "answer_start": 723}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave Mississippi?", "answer": {"text": "at the age of 12, he was the first of his siblings to leave the swamp, and one of the first frogs to talk to humans.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he go back home?", "answer": {"text": "According to The Muppet Movie, Kermit returned to the swamp, where a passing agent (Dom DeLuise) noted he had talent", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there a movie about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "2002 film Kermit's Swamp Years,", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#8", "question": "How did they get into movies?", "rewrite": "How did the Muppets get into movies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Post-credits scene A post-credits scene (also called a tag, stinger, coda, button, mid-credits scene, after-credits sequence, end-credit scene, secret ending or credit cookie) is a short clip that appears after all or some of the closing credits have rolled and sometimes after a production logo of a film, TV series, or video game have run. It is usually included for humour or to set up a possible sequel. One of the earliest appearances of a post-credits scene in a modern mainstream film was in \"The Muppet Movie\" in 1979. The movie uses a framing device in which the characters themselves watch the movie unfold in a theater. During the credits, the Muppets get up from their seats, talk to each other and joke around (thus incentivizing the real audience to stick around and see what happens next). In the final moment after the credits, Animal yells at the audience to \"GO HOME!\" before sighing \"buh-bye\" and passing out from exhaustion. The use of such scenes gained popularity throughout the 1980s at the end of comedy films. In 1980, \"Airplane! \" ended with a callback to an abandoned taxicab passenger who was not a primary character. Enhanced application continued in August, 1987, when in \"Masters of the Universe \" Skeletor's head emerges from the water at the bottom of the pit, saying \"I'll be back!\". \" The Muppet Movie\" also began a trend of using such scenes to break the fourth wall, even when much of the rest of the film had kept it intact. The scenes were often used as a form of metafiction, with characters showing an awareness that they were at the end of a film, and sometimes telling the audience directly to leave the theatre.", "The Muppets (TV series) The Muppets (stylized as the muppets.) is an American television comedy series that originally aired on ABC from September 22, 2015 to March 1, 2016. Co-created by Bill Prady and Bob Kushell, the series was produced by ABC Studios and The Muppets Studio, with Randall Einhorn and Muppet performer Bill Barretta serving as executive producers alongside Prady and Kushell. On May 12, 2016, ABC canceled the series after one season. The series is set in Los Angeles and depicts the everyday personal and professional lives of The Muppets during production of \"Up Late with Miss Piggy\", a fictional late-night talk show starring Miss Piggy airing on ABC after \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" \"The Muppets\" serves as a parody of other mockumentary-style series, such as \"The Office\", \"Modern Family\", and \"Parks and Recreation\" by employing the same single-camera setup filming style with the implication of a documentary crew filming everyone. The series stars Muppet performers Steve Whitmire, Eric Jacobson, Dave Goelz, Bill Barretta, David Rudman, Matt Vogel, and Peter Linz in multiple roles. The series marks the characters' first ongoing prime-time network television series since \"Muppets Tonight\" was canceled in 1998. \"The Muppets\" was picked up by ABC, the same network that aired \"Muppets Tonight\"\u2014as the characters, the network, and the production companies are all owned by The Walt Disney Company\u2014on the ABC network schedule. This marks the second time Prady has attempted to revive The Muppets. Before co-creating CBS' \" The Big Bang Theory\", the writer-producer shot some test footage that ABC ultimately passed on.", "However, in the meantime, Piggy escapes from prison, and she races to the Mallory Gallery, crashing through the window on a motorcycle that serendipitously fell off a truck in front of her. She knocks Nicky out and dispatches Carla, Marla and Darla with a flurry of furious karate chops. As the police arrive, all charges against Piggy are dropped, Nicky and his accomplices are arrested, and the Muppets get their deserved credit for foiling the heist. The Muppets then return to the United States the same way they departed, being thrown out of the cargo hold and parachuting back to the United States, over the end credits. Gonzo breaks the fourth wall, taking the audience's picture. The film cuts to black and we hear him proclaim, \"I'll send you a copy!\" Additional Performers:   \"The Great Muppet Caper\" has received generally positive reviews. The film holds a 76% approval rating based on 21 reviews on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes with an average score of 6.47/10. The site's consensus says \"\"The Great Muppet Caper\" is overplotted and uneven, but the appealing presence of Kermit, Miss Piggy and the gang ensure that this heist flick is always breezily watchable.\" Roger Ebert of the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" gave the film a two star rating (out of four) and concluded his review by saying that \"the lack of a cutting edge hurts this movie. It's too nice, too routine, too predictable, and too safe.\" After the success of \"The Muppet Movie\" and with good reviews, the film was expected to be a hit but grossed only half the amount of the previous film with a gross of $31 million in the US.", "Muppets Most Wanted  Muppets Most Wanted is a 2014 American musical comedy film and the eighth theatrical film featuring the Muppets. Directed by James Bobin and written by Bobin and Nicholas Stoller, the film is a direct sequel to \"The Muppets\" (2011) and stars Ricky Gervais, Ty Burrell, and Tina Fey, as well as Muppet performers Steve Whitmire, Eric Jacobson, Dave Goelz, Bill Barretta, David Rudman, Matt Vogel, and Peter Linz. In the film, the Muppets become involved in an international crime caper while on tour in Europe. Aside from co-writer Jason Segel, the majority of the production team behind \"The Muppets\" returned for \"Muppets Most Wanted\" including Bobin, Stoller, and producers David Hoberman and Todd Lieberman. Bret McKenzie and Christophe Beck returned to compose the film's songs and musical score, respectively. Principal photography commenced in January 2013 at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England. \" Muppets Most Wanted\" had its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on March 11, 2014, and was released theatrically in North America on March 21, 2014. The film grossed $80.4 million worldwide. The film was dedicated to Muppet performer Jerry Nelson, who died during the film's development, and Jane Henson, who died two months into production. Following the events of the previous film, the [[The Muppets|Muppets]] find themselves at a loss as to what to do until Dominic Badguy suggests the Muppets go on a European tour with him as their tour manager.", "Once all the stages are done, the Muppets get together for a group photo at the world premiere of their films. The game was announced on August 8, 2014 on Play France, a French website dedicated to PlayStation video game systems. A series of screenshots accompanied the announcement, depicting scenes from the first three stages. The game was released on the PlayStation Store in Australia and Europe a few months later on November 5, 2014. Physical copies would follow later on November 7 in Europe. The game was released in Spain on November 11. Australia's physicals came on November 14. The game would not be released in North America for nearly a year until it launched as a download-only title on September 1, 2015. Virtual Toys and Sony would later collaborate on two more licensed PlayStation Vita exclusive titles aimed at children: \"Looney Tunes: Galactic Sports\" and \"Phineas and Ferb: Day of Doofenshmirtz\". Based on the \"Looney Tunes\" and \"Phineas and Ferb\" franchises, the games were released in 2015. \"The Muppets Movie Adventures\" received mixed to negative reviews upon release. The title currently holds a score of 48 on review aggregator Metacritic, based on 12 reviews. The Vita Lounge's Brad Gruetzmacher, reviewing for both the website and magazine held mixed feelings towards the game. Gruetzmacher praised the animated cutscenes and introductions given by the director at the start of each stage, appreciating their humor directed at all ages. He felt mixed feelings towards the controls, applauding the simplicity of the two-button system (one for jumping, another for attacking) whilst taking issue with the touch screen controls, saying they were \"shoe-horned\" in. Gruetzmacher also criticized the game for a lack of replay value, short length and easy difficulty."], "answer": {"text": "Together, they were given a standard \"rich and famous\" contract by Lew Lord (Orson Welles) of Wide World Studios and began their showbiz careers.", "answer_start": 841}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave Mississippi?", "answer": {"text": "at the age of 12, he was the first of his siblings to leave the swamp, and one of the first frogs to talk to humans.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he go back home?", "answer": {"text": "According to The Muppet Movie, Kermit returned to the swamp, where a passing agent (Dom DeLuise) noted he had talent", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there a movie about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "2002 film Kermit's Swamp Years,", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he meet the other Muppets?", "answer": {"text": ") noted he had talent and, thus inspired, he headed to Hollywood, encountering the rest of the Muppets along the way.", "answer_start": 723, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_6f9a0c8a66e445508b7ca425c6dd18d9_0_q#9", "question": "What is the first movie they made?", "rewrite": "What is the first movie the Muppets made?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Muppets Movie Adventures The Muppets Movie Adventures is a 2014 platform game developed by Virtual Toys and published by Sony Computer Entertainment, exclusively for the PlayStation Vita handheld system. The title is based on the films The Muppets and Muppets Most Wanted. The game centres around the production of a movie, with characters of from The Muppets era serving as the characters in the respective film. \" The Muppets Movie Adventures\" was released in Europe on November 5, 2014, with physical copies arriving a short time later. The North American version arrived a year later. Upon launch, the title received mixed to negative reviews. The game is narrated by Cheryl Henson, daughter of The Muppets era creator Jim Henson and the current president of the Jim Henson Foundation. \"The Muppets Movie Adventures\" is a 2D side-scrolling platform game in which players traverse landscapes based on famous films, jumping across obstacles and exploring the terrain. Enemies appear in each chapter, who have the ability to swing or throw projectiles at the player (these vary depending on the stage). If hit, the player loses half of a heart; with three hearts being available, the gamer may receive a maximum of five hits before restarting from a nearby checkpoint. Hearts are scattered throughout the level. When collected, the life bar is restored to maximum capacity. Controlled characters also house weapons however, which allows the player to attack and defeat enemies. Mini-games in the style of dots and boxes are also scattered throughout levels. These puzzles must be solved in order for the player to progress through the stage. Each stage features a different player character and is centered around a particular movie genre (for example, level three is a western film), and features a unique story not related to other levels. At the end of each stage is a boss battle. Scattered throughout each level are collectibles as well.", "Ty Pennington commented about the possibility of Animal suffering from ADHD when the character appeared on an episode of \"\". Animal's lack of social grace is on display at the very end of \"The Muppet Movie\". After the credits, his face fills the screen as he admonishes the audience, \"Go home! Go home!\" Animal was the official mascot of the U.S. Ski Team during the 1998 Winter Olympics. He was also featured in one of eleven commemorative stamps issued by the U.S. Postal Service. In 2010, Animal was featured in a viral video alongside power-pop band OK Go, where he challenged the band's drummer, Dan Konopka, to a staring contest. Animal ultimately wins and forces Dan to be his roadie for a year. Animal and his fellow Muppets made a guest appearance on the Halloween 2011 episode of \"WWE Raw\", where he was a guest timekeeper. Animal is present in the 2011 film \"The Muppets\", having gone into anger-management therapy since the Muppets broke up. He also made a special appearance on \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" as a guest drummer with the Roots house band.", "They are saved when one of Dr. Bunsen's inventions, \"insta-grow\" pills, temporarily turns Mayhem drummer Animal into a giant, frightening away Hopper and his henchmen. The Muppets reach Hollywood, but are soon stopped by studio secretary Miss Tracy, until their fur causes her to suffer an allergic reaction. They finally meet studio executive Lew Lord, who signs the Muppets to a \"standard 'rich and famous' contract\", and attempt to make their first movie as a pastiche of their journey. The first take goes awry when Gonzo crashes into the prop rainbow, and an explosion blows a hole in the roof of the studio. As the Muppets stand in stunned silence, a natural rainbow suddenly shines through the hole and right onto the Muppets. Joined by other Muppet characters, the Muppets sing the final verses of \"The Magic Store/Rainbow Connection (Reprise)\". Frank Oz appears in a cameo as a biker who beats up Fozzie Bear while Steve Whitmire appears as a man in the Bogen County Fair. Also, director Tim Burton is one of the puppeteers in the final shot of the film. John Landis is also in the final shot, performing Grover. Landis and Burton were both uncredited. Many other long time members of Jim Henson's team also provided puppeteer services, including Steve Whitmire, Kathryn Mullen, Bob Payne, Eren Ozker, Carolyn Wilcox, Olga Felgemacher, Bruce Schwartz, Michael Earl Davis, Buz Suraci, Tony Basilicato and Adam Hunt. The main obstacle the filmmakers were faced with during the development of \"The Muppet Movie\" was whether the Muppets would transition seamlessly from television to film.", "The Muppets Studio The Muppets Studio, LLC, formerly The Muppets Holding Company, LLC, is a wholly owned entertainment subsidiary of Disney Parks, Experiences and Products, formed in 2004 through The Walt Disney Company's acquisition of The Muppets and \"Bear in the Big Blue House\" intellectual properties from The Jim Henson Company. In the late-1980s, Jim Henson had been in talks with Disney CEO Michael Eisner to sell Jim Henson Productions to the Walt Disney Company. In August 1989, the two officially announced a deal for Disney to purchase Jim Henson Productions for $150 million. The deal fell through several months after Jim Henson's death in 1990. Despite the collapse of the merger deal, by 1992, Disney and Jim Henson Productions had already struck a number of deals:  The Henson family subsequently sold the entirety of the Jim Henson Company to German conglomerate EM.TV in 2000. In 2003, the Henson family repurchased The Jim Henson Company from EM.TV. Eisner, still interested in the Muppet properties, re-opened negotiations with the Hensons and announced the purchase of \"The Muppets\" and \"Bear in the Big Blue House\" assets from The Jim Henson Company for $75 million on February 17, 2004. The acquired Muppet assets were then placed into The Muppets Holding Company with Chris Curtin as general manager within Disney Consumer Products. One of the first appearances that the Muppets made after the purchase was on the TV special \"The Nick and Jessica Variety Hour\" in April 2004, starring Nick Lachey and Jessica Simpson. A new website was launched in November 2004 and the Muppets made an appearance on the 2004 Christmas episode of \"Saturday Night Live\". The first Muppet production under full Disney control, \"The Muppets' Wizard of Oz\", went into production immediately and aired on ABC in May 2005.", "Playing in front of 6,000 fans, the game was called a \"punting duel\" by the \"Youngstown Vindicator\". The only score came from a punt block by Bob Nash in the first quarter. Nash grabbed the ball from the Tigers' punter, Stan Cofall on the 8-yard line and ran in for the score. With an extra point from Charlie Copley, the Pros defeated the Tigers 7\u20130 to keep their undefeated season alive. During the game, injuries for both teams occurred. Pollard dislocated his right shoulder, and Toughey Conn for the Tigers injured his right leg in the fourth quarter. \"October 31, 1920, at Lakeside Park, Canton, Ohio\" \"With four games under their belt\", the Pros were starting to gain attention around the league. Their next game was against the Bulldogs. This game, according to the \"Youngstown Vindicator\", was the first of a two-game series for the \"national professional football championship\". Playing under a crowd of 10,000, the Pros defeated the Bulldogs 10 to 0. In the first quarter, after an exchange in punts and a long pass which resulted in 13-yards, Charlie Copley of the Pros kicked a 38-yard field goal. On a Bulldog possession at midfield, Gilroy attempted to pass the ball, but it was tipped by the Pros' Copley and Bob Nash. Pike Johnson caught the ball before it landed and ran it back 55 yards for a touchdown. The \"Youngstown Vindicator\" called it the \"most sensational play of the contest\". In the third quarter, Jim Thorpe came into the game, but could not help the Bulldogs score. \"November 14, 1920, at Dunn Park, Cleveland, Ohio\" In week eight, the Pros played against the Tigers."], "answer": {"text": "The Muppet Movie", "answer_start": 641}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Kermit the Frog born?", "answer": {"text": "According to this fictional biography, he was born in Leland, Mississippi alongside approximately 2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 123, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Kermit born?", "answer": {"text": "though a 2011 \"interview\" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show has him state that he was from the swamps of Louisiana.", "answer_start": 237, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "2,353 siblings,", "answer_start": 221, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are his parents?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he leave Mississippi?", "answer": {"text": "at the age of 12, he was the first of his siblings to leave the swamp, and one of the first frogs to talk to humans.", "answer_start": 399, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he go back home?", "answer": {"text": "According to The Muppet Movie, Kermit returned to the swamp, where a passing agent (Dom DeLuise) noted he had talent", "answer_start": 628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there a movie about his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "2002 film Kermit's Swamp Years,", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he meet the other Muppets?", "answer": {"text": ") noted he had talent and, thus inspired, he headed to Hollywood, encountering the rest of the Muppets along the way.", "answer_start": 723, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they get into movies?", "answer": {"text": "Together, they were given a standard \"rich and famous\" contract by Lew Lord (Orson Welles) of Wide World Studios and began their showbiz careers.", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#0", "question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "rewrite": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Exit Wounds Exit Wounds is a 2001 American action film directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, and starring Steven Seagal and DMX. The film is based on the book of the same name by John Westermann. The book takes place on Long Island, while the film is set in Detroit. Steven Seagal plays Orin Boyd, a police detective notorious for pushing the limits of the law in his quest for justice. It is the second of three films directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak and produced by Joel Silver that focus on martial arts based action in an urban setting with a hip-hop soundtrack and featuring many of the same cast. The film received negative reviews from critics. It earned $19 million in its opening weekend, and went on to gross a worldwide total of $79.9 million against a budget of $33 million. Orin Boyd (Steven Seagal) is a cop in Detroit's 21st precinct, who saves the Vice President of the United States (Christopher Lawford) from a right-wing Michigan militant group trying to kill him. As Boyd saved the Vice President's life via disobeying orders and killing all the militants, captain Frank Daniels (Bruce McGill) transfers Boyd   where he meets Henry Wayne (Tom Arnold), the high-strung host of a local talk show called \"Detroit AM\". Boyd comes across local drug dealer Latrell Walker (Earl \"DMX\" Simmons) and his fast-talking sidekick T.K. Johnson (Anthony Anderson) doing a shady deal with a man named Matt Montini (David Vadim). After a brief fight, Boyd discovers that Montini has been working undercover trying to nail Walker and Boyd ruined the sting, and that does not sit well with Montini's musclebound partner Useldinger (Matthew G. Taylor).", "Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works.", "Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era.", "Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page."], "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#1", "question": "When did he begin martial arts?", "rewrite": "When did Steven Seagal begin martial arts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Exit Wounds Exit Wounds is a 2001 American action film directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, and starring Steven Seagal and DMX. The film is based on the book of the same name by John Westermann. The book takes place on Long Island, while the film is set in Detroit. Steven Seagal plays Orin Boyd, a police detective notorious for pushing the limits of the law in his quest for justice. It is the second of three films directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak and produced by Joel Silver that focus on martial arts based action in an urban setting with a hip-hop soundtrack and featuring many of the same cast. The film received negative reviews from critics. It earned $19 million in its opening weekend, and went on to gross a worldwide total of $79.9 million against a budget of $33 million. Orin Boyd (Steven Seagal) is a cop in Detroit's 21st precinct, who saves the Vice President of the United States (Christopher Lawford) from a right-wing Michigan militant group trying to kill him. As Boyd saved the Vice President's life via disobeying orders and killing all the militants, captain Frank Daniels (Bruce McGill) transfers Boyd   where he meets Henry Wayne (Tom Arnold), the high-strung host of a local talk show called \"Detroit AM\". Boyd comes across local drug dealer Latrell Walker (Earl \"DMX\" Simmons) and his fast-talking sidekick T.K. Johnson (Anthony Anderson) doing a shady deal with a man named Matt Montini (David Vadim). After a brief fight, Boyd discovers that Montini has been working undercover trying to nail Walker and Boyd ruined the sting, and that does not sit well with Montini's musclebound partner Useldinger (Matthew G. Taylor).", "Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era.", "Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page.", "Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works."], "answer": {"text": "1974", "answer_start": 408}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#2", "question": "What inspired him to begin?", "rewrite": "What inspired Steven Seagal to begin martial arts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era.", "Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page.", "Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Exit Wounds Exit Wounds is a 2001 American action film directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, and starring Steven Seagal and DMX. The film is based on the book of the same name by John Westermann. The book takes place on Long Island, while the film is set in Detroit. Steven Seagal plays Orin Boyd, a police detective notorious for pushing the limits of the law in his quest for justice. It is the second of three films directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak and produced by Joel Silver that focus on martial arts based action in an urban setting with a hip-hop soundtrack and featuring many of the same cast. The film received negative reviews from critics. It earned $19 million in its opening weekend, and went on to gross a worldwide total of $79.9 million against a budget of $33 million. Orin Boyd (Steven Seagal) is a cop in Detroit's 21st precinct, who saves the Vice President of the United States (Christopher Lawford) from a right-wing Michigan militant group trying to kill him. As Boyd saved the Vice President's life via disobeying orders and killing all the militants, captain Frank Daniels (Bruce McGill) transfers Boyd   where he meets Henry Wayne (Tom Arnold), the high-strung host of a local talk show called \"Detroit AM\". Boyd comes across local drug dealer Latrell Walker (Earl \"DMX\" Simmons) and his fast-talking sidekick T.K. Johnson (Anthony Anderson) doing a shady deal with a man named Matt Montini (David Vadim). After a brief fight, Boyd discovers that Montini has been working undercover trying to nail Walker and Boyd ruined the sting, and that does not sit well with Montini's musclebound partner Useldinger (Matthew G. Taylor).", "Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works."], "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba,", "answer_start": 59}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin martial arts?", "answer": {"text": "1974", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#3", "question": "What else did you find interesting?", "rewrite": "What else did you find interesting aside from Steven Seagal, Martial arts?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page.", "Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era.", "Exit Wounds Exit Wounds is a 2001 American action film directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, and starring Steven Seagal and DMX. The film is based on the book of the same name by John Westermann. The book takes place on Long Island, while the film is set in Detroit. Steven Seagal plays Orin Boyd, a police detective notorious for pushing the limits of the law in his quest for justice. It is the second of three films directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak and produced by Joel Silver that focus on martial arts based action in an urban setting with a hip-hop soundtrack and featuring many of the same cast. The film received negative reviews from critics. It earned $19 million in its opening weekend, and went on to gross a worldwide total of $79.9 million against a budget of $33 million. Orin Boyd (Steven Seagal) is a cop in Detroit's 21st precinct, who saves the Vice President of the United States (Christopher Lawford) from a right-wing Michigan militant group trying to kill him. As Boyd saved the Vice President's life via disobeying orders and killing all the militants, captain Frank Daniels (Bruce McGill) transfers Boyd   where he meets Henry Wayne (Tom Arnold), the high-strung host of a local talk show called \"Detroit AM\". Boyd comes across local drug dealer Latrell Walker (Earl \"DMX\" Simmons) and his fast-talking sidekick T.K. Johnson (Anthony Anderson) doing a shady deal with a man named Matt Montini (David Vadim). After a brief fight, Boyd discovers that Montini has been working undercover trying to nail Walker and Boyd ruined the sting, and that does not sit well with Montini's musclebound partner Useldinger (Matthew G. Taylor).", "Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works."], "answer": {"text": "Seagal helped train Brazilian Mixed Martial Artist Lyoto Machida, who credited Seagal for helping him perfect the front kick", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin martial arts?", "answer": {"text": "1974", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What inspired him to begin?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#4", "question": "Was Seagal a black belt?", "rewrite": "Was Steven Seagal a black belt?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works.", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973. The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969. Terry Dobson, a fifth-degree black belt who studied with the master from 1961 to 1969, dismissed this claim, saying, \"That story is bull. [Back then] I never heard of Steven Seagal.\" By 1974 Seagal had returned California. That year he met Miyako Fujitani, a second-degree black belt and daughter of an Osaka aikido master who had come to Los Angeles to teach aikido. When Miyako returned to Osaka, Seagal went with her. The following year they married and had a son, Kentaro, and a daughter, Ayako. He taught at the school owned by Miyako's family (though he is often stated to have been the first non-Asian to open a dojo in Japan). As of 1990, Miyako and her brother still taught there, and her mother was the chairwoman. Seagal initially returned to Taos, New Mexico, with his student (and later film stuntman) Craig Dunn, where they opened a dojo, although Seagal spent much of his time pursuing other ventures. After another period in Japan, Seagal returned to the U.S. in 1983 with senior student Haruo Matsuoka. They opened an aikido dojo, initially in North Hollywood, California, but later moved it to the city of West Hollywood. Seagal left Matsuoka in charge of the dojo, which he ran until the two parted ways in 1997.", "Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era.", "Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page."], "answer": {"text": "a fifth-degree black belt who studied with the master from 1961 to 1969,", "answer_start": 236}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin martial arts?", "answer": {"text": "1974", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What inspired him to begin?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Seagal helped train Brazilian Mixed Martial Artist Lyoto Machida, who credited Seagal for helping him perfect the front kick", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#5", "question": "How was he able to keep up with career demands while training?", "rewrite": "How was Steven Seagal able to keep up with career demands while training?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works.", "Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page.", "Cole and Campbell storm the hotel, where Cunningham fatally shoots Deverell, and Cole kills Cunningham by throwing him through a window and onto a wrought iron fence below. Campbell, having been shot, tells Cole that, ever since he met him, he's been nothing but trouble. Cole says he'll keep that in mind, as Campbell is taken away in an ambulance. In the original screenplay which was 114 pages long, Cole was called Calhoun, Campbell was named Leary and Donald Cunningham was called Abraham. Originally envisioned as a much larger action picture, similar in scope to \"The Last Boy Scout\" (1991), which starred Wayans' brother Damon Wayans. Several action scenes were removed to cut down the budget. They included the bombing of a boat owned by Campbell (who lived on a houseboat instead of an apartment), an encounter between Cole and a SWAT team, who have raided his house, and the final confrontation/gunfight at the LA museum. Roland Joff\u00e9 was originally considered to direct the picture. Brian Cox's character Mr. Smith was originally intended for Steven Seagal's \"Under Siege\" co-star Tommy Lee Jones, and he was attached to the film before leaving shortly before filming began. Cox replaced him on very short notice. Filming was shot on location in and around Los Angeles and California. After the film was completed, just like they did with his other films he made for them, Warner Bros. conducted additional editing on the film to make it faster and more like a regular Steven Seagal movie. Cut scenes included several comedic and dramatic exchanges between Campbell and Cole and a great deal of Michelle Johnson's scenes, as Cole's wife, Jessica, were cut. According to Stephen Tobolowsky, Steven Seagal wanted to change the scene in which Cole (Seagal) kills Maynard (Tobolowsky).", "Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era."], "answer": {"text": "He taught at the school owned by Miyako's family (though he is often stated to have been the first non-Asian to open a dojo in Japan).", "answer_start": 722}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin martial arts?", "answer": {"text": "1974", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What inspired him to begin?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Seagal helped train Brazilian Mixed Martial Artist Lyoto Machida, who credited Seagal for helping him perfect the front kick", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Seagal a black belt?", "answer": {"text": "a fifth-degree black belt who studied with the master from 1961 to 1969,", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#6", "question": "Did he have a lot of students?", "rewrite": "Did Steven Seagal have a lot of students?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page.", "Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era.", "Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works.", "Cole and Campbell storm the hotel, where Cunningham fatally shoots Deverell, and Cole kills Cunningham by throwing him through a window and onto a wrought iron fence below. Campbell, having been shot, tells Cole that, ever since he met him, he's been nothing but trouble. Cole says he'll keep that in mind, as Campbell is taken away in an ambulance. In the original screenplay which was 114 pages long, Cole was called Calhoun, Campbell was named Leary and Donald Cunningham was called Abraham. Originally envisioned as a much larger action picture, similar in scope to \"The Last Boy Scout\" (1991), which starred Wayans' brother Damon Wayans. Several action scenes were removed to cut down the budget. They included the bombing of a boat owned by Campbell (who lived on a houseboat instead of an apartment), an encounter between Cole and a SWAT team, who have raided his house, and the final confrontation/gunfight at the LA museum. Roland Joff\u00e9 was originally considered to direct the picture. Brian Cox's character Mr. Smith was originally intended for Steven Seagal's \"Under Siege\" co-star Tommy Lee Jones, and he was attached to the film before leaving shortly before filming began. Cox replaced him on very short notice. Filming was shot on location in and around Los Angeles and California. After the film was completed, just like they did with his other films he made for them, Warner Bros. conducted additional editing on the film to make it faster and more like a regular Steven Seagal movie. Cut scenes included several comedic and dramatic exchanges between Campbell and Cole and a great deal of Michelle Johnson's scenes, as Cole's wife, Jessica, were cut. According to Stephen Tobolowsky, Steven Seagal wanted to change the scene in which Cole (Seagal) kills Maynard (Tobolowsky)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin martial arts?", "answer": {"text": "1974", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What inspired him to begin?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Seagal helped train Brazilian Mixed Martial Artist Lyoto Machida, who credited Seagal for helping him perfect the front kick", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Seagal a black belt?", "answer": {"text": "a fifth-degree black belt who studied with the master from 1961 to 1969,", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he able to keep up with career demands while training?", "answer": {"text": "He taught at the school owned by Miyako's family (though he is often stated to have been the first non-Asian to open a dojo in Japan).", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5c30c06d60c44dfb8800e7bec8525d30_1_q#7", "question": "Is the dojo still open?", "rewrite": "Is Steven Seagal's dojo in Japan still open?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Absolution (2015 film)  Absolution (also known as The Mercenary: Absolution) is a 2015 action crime film directed by Keoni Waxman and starring Steven Seagal The film is a sequel to \"A Good Man\", and is the sixth collaboration between Steven Seagal and director Keoni Waxman. The film also marks the third collaboration between Seagal and Jones (who starred in 2005's \"Submerged\" and 2014's \"Gutshot Straight\"), and between Seagal and Mann (who previously starred in 2003's \"Belly of the Beast\" and 2009's \"A Dangerous Man\"). John Alexander (Steven Seagal) is a contract killer. After encountering a girl on the run from a mob boss (Vinnie Jones) with powerful political connections, he is torn between protecting the girl and remaining loyal to the government agency that hired him for a mission. Seagal said he was attracted to the lead role because \"I\u2019m always trying to find something a little bit different from what people have seen me do before. I wanted to play somebody kind of mysterious and on the edge, so you don\u2019t really know if you like him or hate him until the middle of the movie.\" He says he wrote his character's line \"I want to do one good thing before I die even if I die in the process of doing it\u201d It was one of several films Seagal made with Keoni Waxman. \"I think that Keoni is one of the brightest young men out there,\" said Seagal. \"I think he\u2019s a very good director. I think he has a wonderful story-mind, which is very important \u2013 in other words, he doesn\u2019t just have to film what\u2019s on the page; he understands what\u2019s on the page.", "Steven Seagal: Lawman  Steven Seagal: Lawman is an American reality television series that aired on A&E for its first two seasons and Reelz for its third. It stars actor and martial artist Steven Seagal performing his duties as a reserve deputy sheriff in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana (season 1\u20132) and Maricopa County, Arizona (season 3). It premiered on December 2, 2009. \"I've been working as an officer in Jefferson Parish for two decades under most people's radar\", said Seagal in the premiere episode, \"The Way of the Gun\". \"I've decided to work with A&E on this series now, because I believe it's important to show the nation all the positive work being accomplished here in Louisiana\u2014to see the passion and commitment that comes from the Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office in this post-Katrina environment. \" Seagal's current rank of Reserve Deputy Chief is largely ceremonial. According to Seagal, in the late 1980s, Jefferson Parish's longtime sheriff, Harry Lee, asked Seagal to train some of his deputies in martial arts. The actor further claimed that the success of these classes led to Lee asking Seagal to join the department as a reserve deputy. The LA Times article goes on to suggest that a black and white photo, purportedly showing Seagal's swearing in as Deputy in the 1980s, in fact showed the actor some 20 years older than would have been consistent with his claim. Additionally, the article notes that the Peace Officer Standards & Training organization, which accredits police officers, had no record of Seagal being certified. On April 14, 2010, The Jefferson Parish Sheriff's Office announced that production of second season episodes had been halted due to a lawsuit filed against Steven Seagal on April 12, 2010 by his former personal assistant, Kayden Nguyen.", "Cartels (film) Cartels also known as Killing Salazar is a 2017 action film starring Steven Seagal and directed by Keoni Waxman. It had a limited theatrical release on July 7, 2017 and was released on DVD and digital streaming on September 19, 2017. Originally titled Killing Salazar, the film was directed by Keoni Waxman and written by Waxman and Richard Beattie. Luke Goss was chosen to play the protagonist, U.S. Marshal Tom Jensen, whereas Steven Seagal, who had collaborated with Waxman on more than half a dozen projects, was cast in a minor role. Seagal also produced the film alongside Binh Dang. Michael Richard Plowman composed the film's soundtrack. Noel Murray of the \"Los Angeles Times\" commented that the film \"is passably entertaining\", but criticised Seagal's involvement in it \u2013 which amounted to \"roughly 15 minutes of screen time\" \u2013 as more distracting than it was value-adding, concluding that \"with his thick leather coat, bushy goatee, tinted glasses, and whispery monotone voice, he (Seagal) looks like an ordinary schlub in a Steven Seagal costume.\" Frank Scheck of \"The Hollywood Reporter\" credited Waxman for filming the \"action scenes with reasonable proficiency\" but ultimately labelled \"Cartels\" as a \"far cry\" from Seagal's best works.", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973. The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969. Terry Dobson, a fifth-degree black belt who studied with the master from 1961 to 1969, dismissed this claim, saying, \"That story is bull. [Back then] I never heard of Steven Seagal.\" By 1974 Seagal had returned California. That year he met Miyako Fujitani, a second-degree black belt and daughter of an Osaka aikido master who had come to Los Angeles to teach aikido. When Miyako returned to Osaka, Seagal went with her. The following year they married and had a son, Kentaro, and a daughter, Ayako. He taught at the school owned by Miyako's family (though he is often stated to have been the first non-Asian to open a dojo in Japan). As of 1990, Miyako and her brother still taught there, and her mother was the chairwoman. Seagal initially returned to Taos, New Mexico, with his student (and later film stuntman) Craig Dunn, where they opened a dojo, although Seagal spent much of his time pursuing other ventures. After another period in Japan, Seagal returned to the U.S. in 1983 with senior student Haruo Matsuoka. They opened an aikido dojo, initially in North Hollywood, California, but later moved it to the city of West Hollywood. Seagal left Matsuoka in charge of the dojo, which he ran until the two parted ways in 1997.", "Seagalogy  Seagalogy: A Study of the Ass-Kicking Films of Steven Seagal is a book released in 2008 by Titan Books, . It was written by Vern (no last name). It is the first in-depth study to be published on the complete creative output of Steven Seagal. The book makes a careful examination of every Steven Seagal film from 1988's \"Above the Law\" to 2008's \"Pistol Whipped\", as well as providing reviews of some of Seagal's other output: his music, his appearances in commercials, and even his energy drink. In 2012, an updated edition of the book was published, incorporating reviews from the intervening years including Seagal's work on the reality TV show \"\". The book makes the argument that certain specific themes and motifs remain present throughout Seagal's filmography, laying the groundwork for an examination of the films using the auteur theory. Since auteur theory usually cites the film director as the source of a film's particular vision, Vern argues that Seagal's filmography represents an example of what he describes as the \"badass auteur\": typically an action star whose persona and interests recur throughout their filmography, regardless of director or other creative collaborators. Vern describes themes of government corruption (particularly involving the CIA), environmentalism, and adoption of foreign cultures as being examples of recurrent motifs in Seagal's films, among a variety of others. The first edition also breaks Seagal's career into four chronological \"eras\", marked by specific differences in style and content; the 2012 updated edition adds a fifth era."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What significance did martial arts have in Steven Seagal's life?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba, the founder of aikido, who died in 1969.", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he begin martial arts?", "answer": {"text": "1974", "answer_start": 408, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What inspired him to begin?", "answer": {"text": "The date of his journey has become a point of contention due to Seagal's statement that he studied with Morihei Uyeshiba,", "answer_start": 59, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "Seagal helped train Brazilian Mixed Martial Artist Lyoto Machida, who credited Seagal for helping him perfect the front kick", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was Seagal a black belt?", "answer": {"text": "a fifth-degree black belt who studied with the master from 1961 to 1969,", "answer_start": 236, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he able to keep up with career demands while training?", "answer": {"text": "He taught at the school owned by Miyako's family (though he is often stated to have been the first non-Asian to open a dojo in Japan).", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a lot of students?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8919227193b845118bd28af3621b8eee_0_q#0", "question": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "rewrite": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton) The Rainbow Coalition of Revolutionary Solidarity (\"Rainbow Coalition for short\") was a multicultural political organization active in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Fred Hampton of the Black Panther Party, along with William \"Preacherman\" Fesperman of the Young Patriots Organization and Jose Cha Cha Jimenez. It was the first of several 20th century Black-led organizations to use the \"rainbow coalition\" concept. It included Jack (Junebug) Boykin, Bobby Joe Mcginnis and Hy Thurman as leading members of the Young Patriots along with many other leading members from the Black Panthers and Young Lords. Fred Hampton met the Young Lords in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood, the day after Young Lords were in the news after they had occupied a police community workshop meeting of the 18th District Police Station. He was arrested twice with Jose Cha Cha Jimenez at the Wicker Park Welfare Office and both were charged with Mob Action at a peaceful picket of the office. The Rainbow Coalition soon included various radical socialist community groups like the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition, Later, the coalition was joined nationwide by the Students for a Democratic Society (\"SDS\"), the Brown Berets, A.I.M. and the Red Guard Party. In May 1969, Hampton called a press conference to announce that this \"Rainbow Coalition\" had formed. The coalition also included several other local groups like Rising Up Angry, and Mothers and Others. The Coalition brokered treaties to end crime and gang violence. Hampton, Jimenez and their colleagues believed that the Richard J. Daley Democratic Party machine in Chicago used gang wars to consolidate their own political positions by gaining funding for law enforcement and dramatizing crime rather than underlying social issues.", "In 2003, Weather Underground members stated in interviews that they wanted to convince the American public that the United States was truly responsible for the calamity in Vietnam. The group began striking at night, bombing empty offices, with warnings always issued in advance to ensure a safe evacuation. According to David Gilbert, who took part in the 1981 Brink's robbery that killed two police officers and a Brinks' guard, and was jailed for murder, \"[their] goal was to not hurt any people, and a lot of work went into that. But we wanted to pick targets that showed to the public who was responsible for what was really going on.\" After the Greenwich Village explosion, in a review of the documentary film \"The Weather Underground\" (2002), a \"Guardian\" journalist restated the film's contention that no one was killed by WUO bombs. In response to the death of Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark in December 1969 during a police raid, on May 21, 1970, the Weather Underground issued a \"\" against the United States government, using for the first time its new name, the \"Weather Underground Organization\" (WUO), adopting fake identities, and pursuing covert activities only. These initially included preparations for a bombing of a U.S. military non-commissioned officers' dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in what Brian Flanagan said had been intended to be \"the most horrific hit the United States government had ever suffered on its territory\". Bernardine Dohrn subsequently stated that it was Fred Hampton's death that prompted the Weather Underground to declare war on the US government. In December 1969, the Chicago Police Department, in conjunction with the FBI, conducted a raid on the home of Black Panther Fred Hampton, in which he and Mark Clark were killed, with four of the seven other people in the apartment wounded.", "In response to the killing of Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark during the December 1969 police raid, on May 21, 1970, the Weather Underground issued a \"\" against the United States government, using for the first time its new name, the \"Weather Underground Organization\" (WUO), adopting fake identities, and pursuing covert activities only. These initially included preparations for a bombing of a U.S. military non-commissioned officers' dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in what Brian Flanagan said had been intended to be \"the most horrific hit the United States government had ever suffered on its territory\". Although two months earlier, Hampton had criticized the predominantly white Weather Underground (also known as the Weathermen) for being \"adventuristic, masochistic and Custeristic\", Bernardine Dohrn of the Weathermen, which had a close relationship with the Black Panthers in Chicago at the time of Hampton's death, said in the documentary \"The Weather Underground\" (2002) that the killing of Fred Hampton caused them to \"be more grave, more serious, more determined to raise the stakes, and not just be the white people who wrung their hands when black people were being murdered.\"", "Fred Hampton Jr. Fred Hampton Jr. (born December 29, 1969) is an African-American political activist and the son of Fred Hampton Sr. His father was a Black Panther who was killed by the Chicago police. Hampton's 19-year-old mother, Deborah Johnson, was nine months pregnant with him when Hampton Sr. was killed in her presence during the police raid of the early morning hours of December 4, 1969. Hampton Sr. was 21 at the time of his death. Fred Hampton Jr. is the son of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton and his wife, Deborah Johnson. He was given the name Alfred Johnson at birth. His mother had it legally changed to \" Fred Hampton Jr.\" when he was ten years old. Hampton Jr. became the president of the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1990. In 1993, he was convicted of aggravated arson. The case involved the firebombing of a Korean grocery store in the aftermath of the 1992 nationwide protests after the acquittal of the Los Angeles Police Department officers who beat Rodney King. Hampton was sentenced to eighteen years in prison, and was paroled on September 14, 2001. Hampton made an appearance in Michel Gondry's 2006 film \"Dave Chappelle's Block Party\". His trial forms the basis of Fall Out Boy's song \" You're Crashing, But You're No Wave\". He and his father Fred Hampton Sr. are mentioned in the song \"Behind Enemy Lines\" by Dead Prez, as well as \"Clap for the Killers\" by Street Sweeper Social Club.", "The Murder of Fred Hampton The Murder of Fred Hampton is a 1971 documentary film which began with the intention of portraying Fred Hampton and the Illinois Black Panther Party. During the film's production, Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department. The documentary is split into two parts: a portrait of Fred Hampton and an investigative report in his death. Through re-enactments, evidence from the scene, and interviews, the documentary alleges that Hampton's death was murder by the Chicago police. The film was released in Chicago, Illinois in May 1971, but it failed to attract much attention. However, it had a successful festival run in Europe and opened in New York in October 1971. In a retrospective, Roger Ebert called it \"less compelling as investigative journalism than as an archive of political vernacular.\" A. H. Weiler of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a disturbingly somber illustration of some of the ills that beset us and our social system.\" Spencer Parsons of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote that the film's coverage of Hampton is riveting and does not shy away from controversy. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club rated it B+ and called it an immersive experience and \"more satisfying portrait of activism\" than \"American Revolution 2\" (1969). David Walker of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"As a documentary, The Murder of Fred Hampton serves as a lasting memorial to Hampton's great legacy and tragic killing. Equally important, the film is an example of the power of independent media in providing the truth, when much of the mainstream media simply chooses to recycle the information they are given without digging beneath the surface.\""], "answer": {"text": "The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments.", "answer_start": 363}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8919227193b845118bd28af3621b8eee_0_q#1", "question": "What was the result of that suit?", "rewrite": "What was the result of the US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state and federal governments by the families of Fred Hampton and Clark?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fred Hampton Jr. Fred Hampton Jr. (born December 29, 1969) is an African-American political activist and the son of Fred Hampton Sr. His father was a Black Panther who was killed by the Chicago police. Hampton's 19-year-old mother, Deborah Johnson, was nine months pregnant with him when Hampton Sr. was killed in her presence during the police raid of the early morning hours of December 4, 1969. Hampton Sr. was 21 at the time of his death. Fred Hampton Jr. is the son of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton and his wife, Deborah Johnson. He was given the name Alfred Johnson at birth. His mother had it legally changed to \" Fred Hampton Jr.\" when he was ten years old. Hampton Jr. became the president of the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1990. In 1993, he was convicted of aggravated arson. The case involved the firebombing of a Korean grocery store in the aftermath of the 1992 nationwide protests after the acquittal of the Los Angeles Police Department officers who beat Rodney King. Hampton was sentenced to eighteen years in prison, and was paroled on September 14, 2001. Hampton made an appearance in Michel Gondry's 2006 film \"Dave Chappelle's Block Party\". His trial forms the basis of Fall Out Boy's song \" You're Crashing, But You're No Wave\". He and his father Fred Hampton Sr. are mentioned in the song \"Behind Enemy Lines\" by Dead Prez, as well as \"Clap for the Killers\" by Street Sweeper Social Club.", "The Murder of Fred Hampton The Murder of Fred Hampton is a 1971 documentary film which began with the intention of portraying Fred Hampton and the Illinois Black Panther Party. During the film's production, Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department. The documentary is split into two parts: a portrait of Fred Hampton and an investigative report in his death. Through re-enactments, evidence from the scene, and interviews, the documentary alleges that Hampton's death was murder by the Chicago police. The film was released in Chicago, Illinois in May 1971, but it failed to attract much attention. However, it had a successful festival run in Europe and opened in New York in October 1971. In a retrospective, Roger Ebert called it \"less compelling as investigative journalism than as an archive of political vernacular.\" A. H. Weiler of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a disturbingly somber illustration of some of the ills that beset us and our social system.\" Spencer Parsons of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote that the film's coverage of Hampton is riveting and does not shy away from controversy. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club rated it B+ and called it an immersive experience and \"more satisfying portrait of activism\" than \"American Revolution 2\" (1969). David Walker of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"As a documentary, The Murder of Fred Hampton serves as a lasting memorial to Hampton's great legacy and tragic killing. Equally important, the film is an example of the power of independent media in providing the truth, when much of the mainstream media simply chooses to recycle the information they are given without digging beneath the surface.\"", "Despite of Newmont's claim, WALHI did not find the thermocline ocean layer. In August 2004, the Indonesian Ministry of Environment filed a US$133.6 million civil lawsuit against Newmont, claiming tailings from the company's Minahasa Raya mine polluted Buyat Bay in the North Sulawesi province, causing nearby villagers to become seriously ill and contaminating local fish stocks. Newmont denied the allegations, arguing that the illnesses had more to do with poor hygiene and poverty. On November 15, 2005, a South Jakarta court dismissed the suit on technical grounds, saying the government had breached the terms of its contract with Newmont when it took legal action before seeking arbitration. Environmentalists urged for the suit to be appealed, but on December 1, 2005, Environment Minister Rachmat Witoelar said the government expected to reach an out-of-court settlement with Newmont's local subsidiary. \" By negotiating a settlement, we hope to be able to quickly compensate people living near the mine,\" he said. The government negotiating team was led by chief Economics Minister Aburizal Bakrie. On February 16, 2006, the Indonesian government announced it would settle the civil suit for US$30 million to be paid over the next 10 years. The agreement also includes increased scientific monitoring and enhanced community development programs for the North Sulawesi province. Newmont, with a market value of US$25 billion, is expected to make US$5 billion in revenues for 2006. Though the civil suit was dismissed, there is still pending a criminal suit against Newmont's top U.S. executive in Indonesia, Richard Ness, on charges stemming from the same allegations. His trial began in August 2005\u2014 if convicted, Ness faces up to 10 years in prison.", "According to a 1969 Chicago Tribune report, \"The raid ended the promising political career of Cook County State's Atty. Edward V. Hanrahan, who was indicted but cleared with 13 other law-enforcement agents on charges of obstructing justice. Bernard Carey, a Republican, defeated him in the next election, in part because of the support of outraged black voters.\" The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments. The case went to trial before Federal Judge J. Sam Perry. After more than 18 months of testimony and at the close of the Plaintiff's case, Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried. More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million. The two families each shared in the settlement. Jeffrey Haas, who, together with his law partners G. Flint Taylor and Dennis Cunningham and attorney James D. Montgomery, were the attorneys for the plaintiffs in the federal suit Hampton v. Hanrahan, wrote in his book about Hampton's death that Chicago was worse off without Hampton:  Of course, there's also the legacy that, without a young leader, I think the West Side of Chicago degenerated a lot into drugs. And without leaders like Fred Hampton, I think the gangs and the drugs became much more prevalent on the West Side. He was an alternative to that. He talked about serving the community, talked about breakfast programs, educating the people, community control of police. So I think that that's unfortunately another legacy of Fred's murder.", "Hanrahan was indicted by a grand jury for obstructing justice and conspiracy to present false evidence, but was later acquitted. A civil suit concluded in 1982 ruled that there was a government conspiracy to deprive the Black Panthers of their civil rights and awarded nearly $2 million to the survivors of the raid and the families of those killed. The events leading up to the incident and the deaths of Hampton and Clark were the subject of the 1971 documentary \"The Murder of Fred Hampton\", and the material filmed by director Howard Alk in the immediate aftermath of the incident was used as evidence in the civil suit. The Cook County Democratic Party declined to endorse Hanrahan in his bid for reelection as State's Attorney in 1972, but Democratic voters renominated him anyway. The combined votes of Republicans and African American Democrats sufficed to elect his Republican opponent in the general election. He ran for Mayor of Chicago in two Democratic Primaries, losing to Daley in 1975 and to Michael Bilandic in 1977; Hanrahan placed fourth each time. He lost a race in the 1980s for alderman on the Chicago City Council. Hanrahan returned to his law practice, which he continued until his death, at which time he still had two active cases. Hanrahan died at age 88 on June 9, 2009 at his home in River Forest, Illinois due to complications from leukemia and old age. He was survived by his wife of 55 years, their two sons and two daughters, and ten grandchildren."], "answer": {"text": "More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million.", "answer_start": 774}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "answer": {"text": "The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8919227193b845118bd28af3621b8eee_0_q#2", "question": "Why did it take over a decade?", "rewrite": "Why did the the US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state and federal governments by the families of Fred Hampton and Clark take over a decade?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Murder of Fred Hampton The Murder of Fred Hampton is a 1971 documentary film which began with the intention of portraying Fred Hampton and the Illinois Black Panther Party. During the film's production, Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department. The documentary is split into two parts: a portrait of Fred Hampton and an investigative report in his death. Through re-enactments, evidence from the scene, and interviews, the documentary alleges that Hampton's death was murder by the Chicago police. The film was released in Chicago, Illinois in May 1971, but it failed to attract much attention. However, it had a successful festival run in Europe and opened in New York in October 1971. In a retrospective, Roger Ebert called it \"less compelling as investigative journalism than as an archive of political vernacular.\" A. H. Weiler of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a disturbingly somber illustration of some of the ills that beset us and our social system.\" Spencer Parsons of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote that the film's coverage of Hampton is riveting and does not shy away from controversy. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club rated it B+ and called it an immersive experience and \"more satisfying portrait of activism\" than \"American Revolution 2\" (1969). David Walker of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"As a documentary, The Murder of Fred Hampton serves as a lasting memorial to Hampton's great legacy and tragic killing. Equally important, the film is an example of the power of independent media in providing the truth, when much of the mainstream media simply chooses to recycle the information they are given without digging beneath the surface.\"", "According to a 1969 Chicago Tribune report, \"The raid ended the promising political career of Cook County State's Atty. Edward V. Hanrahan, who was indicted but cleared with 13 other law-enforcement agents on charges of obstructing justice. Bernard Carey, a Republican, defeated him in the next election, in part because of the support of outraged black voters.\" The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments. The case went to trial before Federal Judge J. Sam Perry. After more than 18 months of testimony and at the close of the Plaintiff's case, Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried. More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million. The two families each shared in the settlement. Jeffrey Haas, who, together with his law partners G. Flint Taylor and Dennis Cunningham and attorney James D. Montgomery, were the attorneys for the plaintiffs in the federal suit Hampton v. Hanrahan, wrote in his book about Hampton's death that Chicago was worse off without Hampton:  Of course, there's also the legacy that, without a young leader, I think the West Side of Chicago degenerated a lot into drugs. And without leaders like Fred Hampton, I think the gangs and the drugs became much more prevalent on the West Side. He was an alternative to that. He talked about serving the community, talked about breakfast programs, educating the people, community control of police. So I think that that's unfortunately another legacy of Fred's murder.", "Despite of Newmont's claim, WALHI did not find the thermocline ocean layer. In August 2004, the Indonesian Ministry of Environment filed a US$133.6 million civil lawsuit against Newmont, claiming tailings from the company's Minahasa Raya mine polluted Buyat Bay in the North Sulawesi province, causing nearby villagers to become seriously ill and contaminating local fish stocks. Newmont denied the allegations, arguing that the illnesses had more to do with poor hygiene and poverty. On November 15, 2005, a South Jakarta court dismissed the suit on technical grounds, saying the government had breached the terms of its contract with Newmont when it took legal action before seeking arbitration. Environmentalists urged for the suit to be appealed, but on December 1, 2005, Environment Minister Rachmat Witoelar said the government expected to reach an out-of-court settlement with Newmont's local subsidiary. \" By negotiating a settlement, we hope to be able to quickly compensate people living near the mine,\" he said. The government negotiating team was led by chief Economics Minister Aburizal Bakrie. On February 16, 2006, the Indonesian government announced it would settle the civil suit for US$30 million to be paid over the next 10 years. The agreement also includes increased scientific monitoring and enhanced community development programs for the North Sulawesi province. Newmont, with a market value of US$25 billion, is expected to make US$5 billion in revenues for 2006. Though the civil suit was dismissed, there is still pending a criminal suit against Newmont's top U.S. executive in Indonesia, Richard Ness, on charges stemming from the same allegations. His trial began in August 2005\u2014 if convicted, Ness faces up to 10 years in prison.", "Hanrahan was indicted by a grand jury for obstructing justice and conspiracy to present false evidence, but was later acquitted. A civil suit concluded in 1982 ruled that there was a government conspiracy to deprive the Black Panthers of their civil rights and awarded nearly $2 million to the survivors of the raid and the families of those killed. The events leading up to the incident and the deaths of Hampton and Clark were the subject of the 1971 documentary \"The Murder of Fred Hampton\", and the material filmed by director Howard Alk in the immediate aftermath of the incident was used as evidence in the civil suit. The Cook County Democratic Party declined to endorse Hanrahan in his bid for reelection as State's Attorney in 1972, but Democratic voters renominated him anyway. The combined votes of Republicans and African American Democrats sufficed to elect his Republican opponent in the general election. He ran for Mayor of Chicago in two Democratic Primaries, losing to Daley in 1975 and to Michael Bilandic in 1977; Hanrahan placed fourth each time. He lost a race in the 1980s for alderman on the Chicago City Council. Hanrahan returned to his law practice, which he continued until his death, at which time he still had two active cases. Hanrahan died at age 88 on June 9, 2009 at his home in River Forest, Illinois due to complications from leukemia and old age. He was survived by his wife of 55 years, their two sons and two daughters, and ten grandchildren.", "Fred Hampton Jr. Fred Hampton Jr. (born December 29, 1969) is an African-American political activist and the son of Fred Hampton Sr. His father was a Black Panther who was killed by the Chicago police. Hampton's 19-year-old mother, Deborah Johnson, was nine months pregnant with him when Hampton Sr. was killed in her presence during the police raid of the early morning hours of December 4, 1969. Hampton Sr. was 21 at the time of his death. Fred Hampton Jr. is the son of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton and his wife, Deborah Johnson. He was given the name Alfred Johnson at birth. His mother had it legally changed to \" Fred Hampton Jr.\" when he was ten years old. Hampton Jr. became the president of the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1990. In 1993, he was convicted of aggravated arson. The case involved the firebombing of a Korean grocery store in the aftermath of the 1992 nationwide protests after the acquittal of the Los Angeles Police Department officers who beat Rodney King. Hampton was sentenced to eighteen years in prison, and was paroled on September 14, 2001. Hampton made an appearance in Michel Gondry's 2006 film \"Dave Chappelle's Block Party\". His trial forms the basis of Fall Out Boy's song \" You're Crashing, But You're No Wave\". He and his father Fred Hampton Sr. are mentioned in the song \"Behind Enemy Lines\" by Dead Prez, as well as \"Clap for the Killers\" by Street Sweeper Social Club."], "answer": {"text": "Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried.", "answer_start": 621}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "answer": {"text": "The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the result of that suit?", "answer": {"text": "More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million.", "answer_start": 774, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8919227193b845118bd28af3621b8eee_0_q#3", "question": "What political impacts did he have?", "rewrite": "What political impacts did Fred Hampton have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fred Hampton Jr. Fred Hampton Jr. (born December 29, 1969) is an African-American political activist and the son of Fred Hampton Sr. His father was a Black Panther who was killed by the Chicago police. Hampton's 19-year-old mother, Deborah Johnson, was nine months pregnant with him when Hampton Sr. was killed in her presence during the police raid of the early morning hours of December 4, 1969. Hampton Sr. was 21 at the time of his death. Fred Hampton Jr. is the son of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton and his wife, Deborah Johnson. He was given the name Alfred Johnson at birth. His mother had it legally changed to \" Fred Hampton Jr.\" when he was ten years old. Hampton Jr. became the president of the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1990. In 1993, he was convicted of aggravated arson. The case involved the firebombing of a Korean grocery store in the aftermath of the 1992 nationwide protests after the acquittal of the Los Angeles Police Department officers who beat Rodney King. Hampton was sentenced to eighteen years in prison, and was paroled on September 14, 2001. Hampton made an appearance in Michel Gondry's 2006 film \"Dave Chappelle's Block Party\". His trial forms the basis of Fall Out Boy's song \" You're Crashing, But You're No Wave\". He and his father Fred Hampton Sr. are mentioned in the song \"Behind Enemy Lines\" by Dead Prez, as well as \"Clap for the Killers\" by Street Sweeper Social Club.", "In response to the killing of Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark during the December 1969 police raid, on May 21, 1970, the Weather Underground issued a \"\" against the United States government, using for the first time its new name, the \"Weather Underground Organization\" (WUO), adopting fake identities, and pursuing covert activities only. These initially included preparations for a bombing of a U.S. military non-commissioned officers' dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in what Brian Flanagan said had been intended to be \"the most horrific hit the United States government had ever suffered on its territory\". Although two months earlier, Hampton had criticized the predominantly white Weather Underground (also known as the Weathermen) for being \"adventuristic, masochistic and Custeristic\", Bernardine Dohrn of the Weathermen, which had a close relationship with the Black Panthers in Chicago at the time of Hampton's death, said in the documentary \"The Weather Underground\" (2002) that the killing of Fred Hampton caused them to \"be more grave, more serious, more determined to raise the stakes, and not just be the white people who wrung their hands when black people were being murdered.\"", "In 2003, Weather Underground members stated in interviews that they wanted to convince the American public that the United States was truly responsible for the calamity in Vietnam. The group began striking at night, bombing empty offices, with warnings always issued in advance to ensure a safe evacuation. According to David Gilbert, who took part in the 1981 Brink's robbery that killed two police officers and a Brinks' guard, and was jailed for murder, \"[their] goal was to not hurt any people, and a lot of work went into that. But we wanted to pick targets that showed to the public who was responsible for what was really going on.\" After the Greenwich Village explosion, in a review of the documentary film \"The Weather Underground\" (2002), a \"Guardian\" journalist restated the film's contention that no one was killed by WUO bombs. In response to the death of Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark in December 1969 during a police raid, on May 21, 1970, the Weather Underground issued a \"\" against the United States government, using for the first time its new name, the \"Weather Underground Organization\" (WUO), adopting fake identities, and pursuing covert activities only. These initially included preparations for a bombing of a U.S. military non-commissioned officers' dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in what Brian Flanagan said had been intended to be \"the most horrific hit the United States government had ever suffered on its territory\". Bernardine Dohrn subsequently stated that it was Fred Hampton's death that prompted the Weather Underground to declare war on the US government. In December 1969, the Chicago Police Department, in conjunction with the FBI, conducted a raid on the home of Black Panther Fred Hampton, in which he and Mark Clark were killed, with four of the seven other people in the apartment wounded.", "Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton) The Rainbow Coalition of Revolutionary Solidarity (\"Rainbow Coalition for short\") was a multicultural political organization active in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Fred Hampton of the Black Panther Party, along with William \"Preacherman\" Fesperman of the Young Patriots Organization and Jose Cha Cha Jimenez. It was the first of several 20th century Black-led organizations to use the \"rainbow coalition\" concept. It included Jack (Junebug) Boykin, Bobby Joe Mcginnis and Hy Thurman as leading members of the Young Patriots along with many other leading members from the Black Panthers and Young Lords. Fred Hampton met the Young Lords in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood, the day after Young Lords were in the news after they had occupied a police community workshop meeting of the 18th District Police Station. He was arrested twice with Jose Cha Cha Jimenez at the Wicker Park Welfare Office and both were charged with Mob Action at a peaceful picket of the office. The Rainbow Coalition soon included various radical socialist community groups like the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition, Later, the coalition was joined nationwide by the Students for a Democratic Society (\"SDS\"), the Brown Berets, A.I.M. and the Red Guard Party. In May 1969, Hampton called a press conference to announce that this \"Rainbow Coalition\" had formed. The coalition also included several other local groups like Rising Up Angry, and Mothers and Others. The Coalition brokered treaties to end crime and gang violence. Hampton, Jimenez and their colleagues believed that the Richard J. Daley Democratic Party machine in Chicago used gang wars to consolidate their own political positions by gaining funding for law enforcement and dramatizing crime rather than underlying social issues.", "The Murder of Fred Hampton The Murder of Fred Hampton is a 1971 documentary film which began with the intention of portraying Fred Hampton and the Illinois Black Panther Party. During the film's production, Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department. The documentary is split into two parts: a portrait of Fred Hampton and an investigative report in his death. Through re-enactments, evidence from the scene, and interviews, the documentary alleges that Hampton's death was murder by the Chicago police. The film was released in Chicago, Illinois in May 1971, but it failed to attract much attention. However, it had a successful festival run in Europe and opened in New York in October 1971. In a retrospective, Roger Ebert called it \"less compelling as investigative journalism than as an archive of political vernacular.\" A. H. Weiler of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a disturbingly somber illustration of some of the ills that beset us and our social system.\" Spencer Parsons of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote that the film's coverage of Hampton is riveting and does not shy away from controversy. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club rated it B+ and called it an immersive experience and \"more satisfying portrait of activism\" than \"American Revolution 2\" (1969). David Walker of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"As a documentary, The Murder of Fred Hampton serves as a lasting memorial to Hampton's great legacy and tragic killing. Equally important, the film is an example of the power of independent media in providing the truth, when much of the mainstream media simply chooses to recycle the information they are given without digging beneath the surface.\""], "answer": {"text": "empowering the most oppressed sector of Chicago's Black community, bringing people into political life through participation in their own freedom fighting organization.", "answer_start": 367}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "answer": {"text": "The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the result of that suit?", "answer": {"text": "More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million.", "answer_start": 774, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it take over a decade?", "answer": {"text": "Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried.", "answer_start": 621, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8919227193b845118bd28af3621b8eee_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides his political impacts in Chicago's Black community and the US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state and federal governments by the families of Fred Hampton and Clark, are there any other interesting aspects about Fred Hampton in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton) The Rainbow Coalition of Revolutionary Solidarity (\"Rainbow Coalition for short\") was a multicultural political organization active in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Fred Hampton of the Black Panther Party, along with William \"Preacherman\" Fesperman of the Young Patriots Organization and Jose Cha Cha Jimenez. It was the first of several 20th century Black-led organizations to use the \"rainbow coalition\" concept. It included Jack (Junebug) Boykin, Bobby Joe Mcginnis and Hy Thurman as leading members of the Young Patriots along with many other leading members from the Black Panthers and Young Lords. Fred Hampton met the Young Lords in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood, the day after Young Lords were in the news after they had occupied a police community workshop meeting of the 18th District Police Station. He was arrested twice with Jose Cha Cha Jimenez at the Wicker Park Welfare Office and both were charged with Mob Action at a peaceful picket of the office. The Rainbow Coalition soon included various radical socialist community groups like the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition, Later, the coalition was joined nationwide by the Students for a Democratic Society (\"SDS\"), the Brown Berets, A.I.M. and the Red Guard Party. In May 1969, Hampton called a press conference to announce that this \"Rainbow Coalition\" had formed. The coalition also included several other local groups like Rising Up Angry, and Mothers and Others. The Coalition brokered treaties to end crime and gang violence. Hampton, Jimenez and their colleagues believed that the Richard J. Daley Democratic Party machine in Chicago used gang wars to consolidate their own political positions by gaining funding for law enforcement and dramatizing crime rather than underlying social issues.", "In 2003, Weather Underground members stated in interviews that they wanted to convince the American public that the United States was truly responsible for the calamity in Vietnam. The group began striking at night, bombing empty offices, with warnings always issued in advance to ensure a safe evacuation. According to David Gilbert, who took part in the 1981 Brink's robbery that killed two police officers and a Brinks' guard, and was jailed for murder, \"[their] goal was to not hurt any people, and a lot of work went into that. But we wanted to pick targets that showed to the public who was responsible for what was really going on.\" After the Greenwich Village explosion, in a review of the documentary film \"The Weather Underground\" (2002), a \"Guardian\" journalist restated the film's contention that no one was killed by WUO bombs. In response to the death of Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark in December 1969 during a police raid, on May 21, 1970, the Weather Underground issued a \"\" against the United States government, using for the first time its new name, the \"Weather Underground Organization\" (WUO), adopting fake identities, and pursuing covert activities only. These initially included preparations for a bombing of a U.S. military non-commissioned officers' dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in what Brian Flanagan said had been intended to be \"the most horrific hit the United States government had ever suffered on its territory\". Bernardine Dohrn subsequently stated that it was Fred Hampton's death that prompted the Weather Underground to declare war on the US government. In December 1969, the Chicago Police Department, in conjunction with the FBI, conducted a raid on the home of Black Panther Fred Hampton, in which he and Mark Clark were killed, with four of the seven other people in the apartment wounded.", "The Murder of Fred Hampton The Murder of Fred Hampton is a 1971 documentary film which began with the intention of portraying Fred Hampton and the Illinois Black Panther Party. During the film's production, Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department. The documentary is split into two parts: a portrait of Fred Hampton and an investigative report in his death. Through re-enactments, evidence from the scene, and interviews, the documentary alleges that Hampton's death was murder by the Chicago police. The film was released in Chicago, Illinois in May 1971, but it failed to attract much attention. However, it had a successful festival run in Europe and opened in New York in October 1971. In a retrospective, Roger Ebert called it \"less compelling as investigative journalism than as an archive of political vernacular.\" A. H. Weiler of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a disturbingly somber illustration of some of the ills that beset us and our social system.\" Spencer Parsons of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote that the film's coverage of Hampton is riveting and does not shy away from controversy. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club rated it B+ and called it an immersive experience and \"more satisfying portrait of activism\" than \"American Revolution 2\" (1969). David Walker of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"As a documentary, The Murder of Fred Hampton serves as a lasting memorial to Hampton's great legacy and tragic killing. Equally important, the film is an example of the power of independent media in providing the truth, when much of the mainstream media simply chooses to recycle the information they are given without digging beneath the surface.\"", "Fred Hampton Jr. Fred Hampton Jr. (born December 29, 1969) is an African-American political activist and the son of Fred Hampton Sr. His father was a Black Panther who was killed by the Chicago police. Hampton's 19-year-old mother, Deborah Johnson, was nine months pregnant with him when Hampton Sr. was killed in her presence during the police raid of the early morning hours of December 4, 1969. Hampton Sr. was 21 at the time of his death. Fred Hampton Jr. is the son of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton and his wife, Deborah Johnson. He was given the name Alfred Johnson at birth. His mother had it legally changed to \" Fred Hampton Jr.\" when he was ten years old. Hampton Jr. became the president of the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1990. In 1993, he was convicted of aggravated arson. The case involved the firebombing of a Korean grocery store in the aftermath of the 1992 nationwide protests after the acquittal of the Los Angeles Police Department officers who beat Rodney King. Hampton was sentenced to eighteen years in prison, and was paroled on September 14, 2001. Hampton made an appearance in Michel Gondry's 2006 film \"Dave Chappelle's Block Party\". His trial forms the basis of Fall Out Boy's song \" You're Crashing, But You're No Wave\". He and his father Fred Hampton Sr. are mentioned in the song \"Behind Enemy Lines\" by Dead Prez, as well as \"Clap for the Killers\" by Street Sweeper Social Club.", "According to a 1969 Chicago Tribune report, \"The raid ended the promising political career of Cook County State's Atty. Edward V. Hanrahan, who was indicted but cleared with 13 other law-enforcement agents on charges of obstructing justice. Bernard Carey, a Republican, defeated him in the next election, in part because of the support of outraged black voters.\" The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments. The case went to trial before Federal Judge J. Sam Perry. After more than 18 months of testimony and at the close of the Plaintiff's case, Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried. More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million. The two families each shared in the settlement. Jeffrey Haas, who, together with his law partners G. Flint Taylor and Dennis Cunningham and attorney James D. Montgomery, were the attorneys for the plaintiffs in the federal suit Hampton v. Hanrahan, wrote in his book about Hampton's death that Chicago was worse off without Hampton:  Of course, there's also the legacy that, without a young leader, I think the West Side of Chicago degenerated a lot into drugs. And without leaders like Fred Hampton, I think the gangs and the drugs became much more prevalent on the West Side. He was an alternative to that. He talked about serving the community, talked about breakfast programs, educating the people, community control of police. So I think that that's unfortunately another legacy of Fred's murder."], "answer": {"text": "commemorating December 4, 2004, as \"Fred Hampton Day in Chicago\".", "answer_start": 115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "answer": {"text": "The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the result of that suit?", "answer": {"text": "More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million.", "answer_start": 774, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it take over a decade?", "answer": {"text": "Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried.", "answer_start": 621, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political impacts did he have?", "answer": {"text": "empowering the most oppressed sector of Chicago's Black community, bringing people into political life through participation in their own freedom fighting organization.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8919227193b845118bd28af3621b8eee_0_q#5", "question": "Why was he given his own day?", "rewrite": "Why was Fred Hampton given his own day in Chicago?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Church members later voted against continuing the breakfast program because of concerns of government monitoring of the Black Panther Party. Some family members and friends say Mark Clark knew he would be murdered in Chicago. In the predawn hours of December 4, 1969, Chicago Police stormed into the apartment of BPP State Chairman Fred Hampton at 2337 West Monroe Street, killing both Mark Clark (age 22) and Fred Hampton (age 21), and causing serious bodily harm to Verlina Brewer, Ronald \"Doc\" Satchel, Blair Anderson, and Brenda Harris. Hampton and Deborah Johnson, who was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with their child, were sleeping in the south bedroom. Satchel, Anderson, and Brewer were asleep in the north bedroom. Harris and Louis Truelock were sleeping on a bed by the south wall of the living room, and Harold Bell slept on a mattress on the floor in the middle of the room. Clark, sitting in the front room of the apartment with a shotgun in his lap, was on security duty. The first shot hit Clark in the heart. He died instantly, and his gun went off as he fell, according to Harris, who watched from the bed in the corner. The single round was later determined to be caused by a reflexive death convulsion after the raiding team shot him. This was the only shot the Panthers fired. A federal grand jury determined that the police fired between 82 and 99 shots, including into bedrooms, while most of the occupants lay sleeping. Shortly afterwards, Cook County coroner Andrew Toman began forming a special six-member coroner's jury to hold an inquest into the deaths of Clark and Hampton. On December 23, Toman announced four additions to the jury which included two African-American men: physician Theodore K. Lawless and attorney Julian B. Wilkins, the son of J. Ernest Wilkins Sr.", "Fred Hampton Jr. Fred Hampton Jr. (born December 29, 1969) is an African-American political activist and the son of Fred Hampton Sr. His father was a Black Panther who was killed by the Chicago police. Hampton's 19-year-old mother, Deborah Johnson, was nine months pregnant with him when Hampton Sr. was killed in her presence during the police raid of the early morning hours of December 4, 1969. Hampton Sr. was 21 at the time of his death. Fred Hampton Jr. is the son of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton and his wife, Deborah Johnson. He was given the name Alfred Johnson at birth. His mother had it legally changed to \" Fred Hampton Jr.\" when he was ten years old. Hampton Jr. became the president of the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1990. In 1993, he was convicted of aggravated arson. The case involved the firebombing of a Korean grocery store in the aftermath of the 1992 nationwide protests after the acquittal of the Los Angeles Police Department officers who beat Rodney King. Hampton was sentenced to eighteen years in prison, and was paroled on September 14, 2001. Hampton made an appearance in Michel Gondry's 2006 film \"Dave Chappelle's Block Party\". His trial forms the basis of Fall Out Boy's song \" You're Crashing, But You're No Wave\". He and his father Fred Hampton Sr. are mentioned in the song \"Behind Enemy Lines\" by Dead Prez, as well as \"Clap for the Killers\" by Street Sweeper Social Club.", "Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton) The Rainbow Coalition of Revolutionary Solidarity (\"Rainbow Coalition for short\") was a multicultural political organization active in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Fred Hampton of the Black Panther Party, along with William \"Preacherman\" Fesperman of the Young Patriots Organization and Jose Cha Cha Jimenez. It was the first of several 20th century Black-led organizations to use the \"rainbow coalition\" concept. It included Jack (Junebug) Boykin, Bobby Joe Mcginnis and Hy Thurman as leading members of the Young Patriots along with many other leading members from the Black Panthers and Young Lords. Fred Hampton met the Young Lords in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood, the day after Young Lords were in the news after they had occupied a police community workshop meeting of the 18th District Police Station. He was arrested twice with Jose Cha Cha Jimenez at the Wicker Park Welfare Office and both were charged with Mob Action at a peaceful picket of the office. The Rainbow Coalition soon included various radical socialist community groups like the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition, Later, the coalition was joined nationwide by the Students for a Democratic Society (\"SDS\"), the Brown Berets, A.I.M. and the Red Guard Party. In May 1969, Hampton called a press conference to announce that this \"Rainbow Coalition\" had formed. The coalition also included several other local groups like Rising Up Angry, and Mothers and Others. The Coalition brokered treaties to end crime and gang violence. Hampton, Jimenez and their colleagues believed that the Richard J. Daley Democratic Party machine in Chicago used gang wars to consolidate their own political positions by gaining funding for law enforcement and dramatizing crime rather than underlying social issues.", "The Murder of Fred Hampton The Murder of Fred Hampton is a 1971 documentary film which began with the intention of portraying Fred Hampton and the Illinois Black Panther Party. During the film's production, Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department. The documentary is split into two parts: a portrait of Fred Hampton and an investigative report in his death. Through re-enactments, evidence from the scene, and interviews, the documentary alleges that Hampton's death was murder by the Chicago police. The film was released in Chicago, Illinois in May 1971, but it failed to attract much attention. However, it had a successful festival run in Europe and opened in New York in October 1971. In a retrospective, Roger Ebert called it \"less compelling as investigative journalism than as an archive of political vernacular.\" A. H. Weiler of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a disturbingly somber illustration of some of the ills that beset us and our social system.\" Spencer Parsons of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote that the film's coverage of Hampton is riveting and does not shy away from controversy. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club rated it B+ and called it an immersive experience and \"more satisfying portrait of activism\" than \"American Revolution 2\" (1969). David Walker of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"As a documentary, The Murder of Fred Hampton serves as a lasting memorial to Hampton's great legacy and tragic killing. Equally important, the film is an example of the power of independent media in providing the truth, when much of the mainstream media simply chooses to recycle the information they are given without digging beneath the surface.\"", "In 2003, Weather Underground members stated in interviews that they wanted to convince the American public that the United States was truly responsible for the calamity in Vietnam. The group began striking at night, bombing empty offices, with warnings always issued in advance to ensure a safe evacuation. According to David Gilbert, who took part in the 1981 Brink's robbery that killed two police officers and a Brinks' guard, and was jailed for murder, \"[their] goal was to not hurt any people, and a lot of work went into that. But we wanted to pick targets that showed to the public who was responsible for what was really going on.\" After the Greenwich Village explosion, in a review of the documentary film \"The Weather Underground\" (2002), a \"Guardian\" journalist restated the film's contention that no one was killed by WUO bombs. In response to the death of Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark in December 1969 during a police raid, on May 21, 1970, the Weather Underground issued a \"\" against the United States government, using for the first time its new name, the \"Weather Underground Organization\" (WUO), adopting fake identities, and pursuing covert activities only. These initially included preparations for a bombing of a U.S. military non-commissioned officers' dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in what Brian Flanagan said had been intended to be \"the most horrific hit the United States government had ever suffered on its territory\". Bernardine Dohrn subsequently stated that it was Fred Hampton's death that prompted the Weather Underground to declare war on the US government. In December 1969, the Chicago Police Department, in conjunction with the FBI, conducted a raid on the home of Black Panther Fred Hampton, in which he and Mark Clark were killed, with four of the seven other people in the apartment wounded."], "answer": {"text": "Fred Hampton, who was only 21 years old, made his mark in Chicago history not so much by his death as by the heroic efforts of his life", "answer_start": 211}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "answer": {"text": "The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the result of that suit?", "answer": {"text": "More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million.", "answer_start": 774, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it take over a decade?", "answer": {"text": "Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried.", "answer_start": 621, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political impacts did he have?", "answer": {"text": "empowering the most oppressed sector of Chicago's Black community, bringing people into political life through participation in their own freedom fighting organization.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "commemorating December 4, 2004, as \"Fred Hampton Day in Chicago\".", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8919227193b845118bd28af3621b8eee_0_q#6", "question": "When did he die?", "rewrite": "When did Fred Hampton die?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2003, Weather Underground members stated in interviews that they wanted to convince the American public that the United States was truly responsible for the calamity in Vietnam. The group began striking at night, bombing empty offices, with warnings always issued in advance to ensure a safe evacuation. According to David Gilbert, who took part in the 1981 Brink's robbery that killed two police officers and a Brinks' guard, and was jailed for murder, \"[their] goal was to not hurt any people, and a lot of work went into that. But we wanted to pick targets that showed to the public who was responsible for what was really going on.\" After the Greenwich Village explosion, in a review of the documentary film \"The Weather Underground\" (2002), a \"Guardian\" journalist restated the film's contention that no one was killed by WUO bombs. In response to the death of Black Panther members Fred Hampton and Mark Clark in December 1969 during a police raid, on May 21, 1970, the Weather Underground issued a \"\" against the United States government, using for the first time its new name, the \"Weather Underground Organization\" (WUO), adopting fake identities, and pursuing covert activities only. These initially included preparations for a bombing of a U.S. military non-commissioned officers' dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey, in what Brian Flanagan said had been intended to be \"the most horrific hit the United States government had ever suffered on its territory\". Bernardine Dohrn subsequently stated that it was Fred Hampton's death that prompted the Weather Underground to declare war on the US government. In December 1969, the Chicago Police Department, in conjunction with the FBI, conducted a raid on the home of Black Panther Fred Hampton, in which he and Mark Clark were killed, with four of the seven other people in the apartment wounded.", "Church members later voted against continuing the breakfast program because of concerns of government monitoring of the Black Panther Party. Some family members and friends say Mark Clark knew he would be murdered in Chicago. In the predawn hours of December 4, 1969, Chicago Police stormed into the apartment of BPP State Chairman Fred Hampton at 2337 West Monroe Street, killing both Mark Clark (age 22) and Fred Hampton (age 21), and causing serious bodily harm to Verlina Brewer, Ronald \"Doc\" Satchel, Blair Anderson, and Brenda Harris. Hampton and Deborah Johnson, who was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with their child, were sleeping in the south bedroom. Satchel, Anderson, and Brewer were asleep in the north bedroom. Harris and Louis Truelock were sleeping on a bed by the south wall of the living room, and Harold Bell slept on a mattress on the floor in the middle of the room. Clark, sitting in the front room of the apartment with a shotgun in his lap, was on security duty. The first shot hit Clark in the heart. He died instantly, and his gun went off as he fell, according to Harris, who watched from the bed in the corner. The single round was later determined to be caused by a reflexive death convulsion after the raiding team shot him. This was the only shot the Panthers fired. A federal grand jury determined that the police fired between 82 and 99 shots, including into bedrooms, while most of the occupants lay sleeping. Shortly afterwards, Cook County coroner Andrew Toman began forming a special six-member coroner's jury to hold an inquest into the deaths of Clark and Hampton. On December 23, Toman announced four additions to the jury which included two African-American men: physician Theodore K. Lawless and attorney Julian B. Wilkins, the son of J. Ernest Wilkins Sr.", "Fred Hampton Jr. Fred Hampton Jr. (born December 29, 1969) is an African-American political activist and the son of Fred Hampton Sr. His father was a Black Panther who was killed by the Chicago police. Hampton's 19-year-old mother, Deborah Johnson, was nine months pregnant with him when Hampton Sr. was killed in her presence during the police raid of the early morning hours of December 4, 1969. Hampton Sr. was 21 at the time of his death. Fred Hampton Jr. is the son of Black Panther leader Fred Hampton and his wife, Deborah Johnson. He was given the name Alfred Johnson at birth. His mother had it legally changed to \" Fred Hampton Jr.\" when he was ten years old. Hampton Jr. became the president of the International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement in 1990. In 1993, he was convicted of aggravated arson. The case involved the firebombing of a Korean grocery store in the aftermath of the 1992 nationwide protests after the acquittal of the Los Angeles Police Department officers who beat Rodney King. Hampton was sentenced to eighteen years in prison, and was paroled on September 14, 2001. Hampton made an appearance in Michel Gondry's 2006 film \"Dave Chappelle's Block Party\". His trial forms the basis of Fall Out Boy's song \" You're Crashing, But You're No Wave\". He and his father Fred Hampton Sr. are mentioned in the song \"Behind Enemy Lines\" by Dead Prez, as well as \"Clap for the Killers\" by Street Sweeper Social Club.", "Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton) The Rainbow Coalition of Revolutionary Solidarity (\"Rainbow Coalition for short\") was a multicultural political organization active in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was founded in Chicago, Illinois by Fred Hampton of the Black Panther Party, along with William \"Preacherman\" Fesperman of the Young Patriots Organization and Jose Cha Cha Jimenez. It was the first of several 20th century Black-led organizations to use the \"rainbow coalition\" concept. It included Jack (Junebug) Boykin, Bobby Joe Mcginnis and Hy Thurman as leading members of the Young Patriots along with many other leading members from the Black Panthers and Young Lords. Fred Hampton met the Young Lords in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood, the day after Young Lords were in the news after they had occupied a police community workshop meeting of the 18th District Police Station. He was arrested twice with Jose Cha Cha Jimenez at the Wicker Park Welfare Office and both were charged with Mob Action at a peaceful picket of the office. The Rainbow Coalition soon included various radical socialist community groups like the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition, Later, the coalition was joined nationwide by the Students for a Democratic Society (\"SDS\"), the Brown Berets, A.I.M. and the Red Guard Party. In May 1969, Hampton called a press conference to announce that this \"Rainbow Coalition\" had formed. The coalition also included several other local groups like Rising Up Angry, and Mothers and Others. The Coalition brokered treaties to end crime and gang violence. Hampton, Jimenez and their colleagues believed that the Richard J. Daley Democratic Party machine in Chicago used gang wars to consolidate their own political positions by gaining funding for law enforcement and dramatizing crime rather than underlying social issues.", "The Murder of Fred Hampton The Murder of Fred Hampton is a 1971 documentary film which began with the intention of portraying Fred Hampton and the Illinois Black Panther Party. During the film's production, Hampton was assassinated by the Chicago Police Department. The documentary is split into two parts: a portrait of Fred Hampton and an investigative report in his death. Through re-enactments, evidence from the scene, and interviews, the documentary alleges that Hampton's death was murder by the Chicago police. The film was released in Chicago, Illinois in May 1971, but it failed to attract much attention. However, it had a successful festival run in Europe and opened in New York in October 1971. In a retrospective, Roger Ebert called it \"less compelling as investigative journalism than as an archive of political vernacular.\" A. H. Weiler of \"The New York Times\" called it \"a disturbingly somber illustration of some of the ills that beset us and our social system.\" Spencer Parsons of the \"Austin Chronicle\" wrote that the film's coverage of Hampton is riveting and does not shy away from controversy. Noel Murray of The A.V. Club rated it B+ and called it an immersive experience and \"more satisfying portrait of activism\" than \"American Revolution 2\" (1969). David Walker of DVD Talk rated it 4.5/5 stars and wrote, \"As a documentary, The Murder of Fred Hampton serves as a lasting memorial to Hampton's great legacy and tragic killing. Equally important, the film is an example of the power of independent media in providing the truth, when much of the mainstream media simply chooses to recycle the information they are given without digging beneath the surface.\""], "answer": {"text": "1969", "answer_start": 15}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Was Fred Hampton involved with any court cases?", "answer": {"text": "The families of Hampton and Clark filed a US$47.7 million civil suit against the city, state, and federal governments.", "answer_start": 363, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the result of that suit?", "answer": {"text": "More than a decade after the case had been filed, the suit was finally settled for $1.85 Million.", "answer_start": 774, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it take over a decade?", "answer": {"text": "Judge Perry dismissed the case. The Plaintiffs appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed, ordering the case to be retried.", "answer_start": 621, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What political impacts did he have?", "answer": {"text": "empowering the most oppressed sector of Chicago's Black community, bringing people into political life through participation in their own freedom fighting organization.", "answer_start": 367, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "commemorating December 4, 2004, as \"Fred Hampton Day in Chicago\".", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was he given his own day?", "answer": {"text": "Fred Hampton, who was only 21 years old, made his mark in Chicago history not so much by his death as by the heroic efforts of his life", "answer_start": 211, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7a77222ace6e41f1a8728fd8974f82ab_0_q#0", "question": "What are the criteria that makes one eligible for the selection of veterans committee?", "rewrite": "What are the criteria that makes one eligible for the selection of veterans committee?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["American Veterans Committee (1943\u20132008)  \" This article refers to a defunct organization. For the current organization sharing the same name see American Veterans Committee.\" The American Veterans Committee was founded in 1943 as a liberal veterans organization and an alternative to groups such as the American Legion and the Veterans of Foreign Wars, which supported a conservative political and social agenda. The organization's roots were planted in 1942 when Sgt. Gilbert Harrison began to correspond with fellow servicemen concerning an organization that expanded beyond the needs of military men. In 1943, the University Religious Conference at UCLA became a meeting place for the military men who shared this desire for a veterans organization that also advocated peace and justice. One year later in 1944, Charles Bolte joined the UCLA group and the American Veterans Committee was born. The founding group included Futurist Donald Prell. The new organization immediately began to publish the \"AVC Bulletin\" to document the organization's advocacy issues. With a motto of \"Citizens First, Veterans Second,\" the AVC supported a range of liberal causes. Most notably, the organization challenged segregationist policy and maintained racially integrated chapters in Southern states before the era of civil rights. It also played an integral role in establishing the World Veterans Federation in 1950, which still advocates the building of peace among former adversaries. While other veterans' organizations lobbied for financial \"bonuses\" for returning veterans, the AVC opposed such bonuses, supporting instead housing and education programs for veterans. Unlike other veterans' groups, the AVC offered full membership to women and people of color. During its early years, AVC grew at exponential rates: 5,500 members in 1945, 18,000 members in 1946, and 100,000 members in 1947. However, there was a drastic drop in membership after the organization became embroiled in the Second Red Scare.", "In contrast to other great fielding shortstops, Bancroft was noted for his offensive ability. After failing to be elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), the Veterans Committee elected Bancroft in 1971. Former Giants teammates Terry and Frankie Frisch, who joined the Veterans Committee in 1967, aided the elections of several of their former teammates. Terry and Frisch shepherded the selections of Jesse Haines in 1970, Bancroft and Chick Hafey in 1971, Ross Youngs in 1972, George Kelly in 1973, Jim Bottomley in 1974, and Freddie Lindstrom in 1976. Bancroft, along with some of the other selections made by Terry and Frisch, has been considered among the weakest of all inductees. According to the BBWAA, the Veterans Committee was not selective enough in choosing members. Charges of cronyism were levied against the Veterans Committee. This led to the Veterans Committee having its powers reduced in subsequent years. Despite the criticism of players elected to the Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in this period, Bancroft grades well in terms of sabermetric statistics. He finished fourth in the NL in Wins Above Replacement in 1920 (6.5) and third in 1921 (7.2) and 1922 (6.0). Bancroft was also inducted in \"The Des Moines Register\"s Iowa Sports Hall of Fame. Bancroft married Edna Harriet Gisin while he played minor league baseball. They had no children and lived in Superior, Wisconsin, for the remainder of their lives. After retiring from baseball, Bancroft worked as a warehouse supervisor for Interprovincial Pipeline Company. He retired in 1956 and spent his later years hunting and fishing. Bancroft died on October 9, 1972, in a hospital in Superior at the age of 81.   , or Baseball Almanac", "Bottomley returned to baseball as a scout for the Cardinals in 1955. In 1957, he joined the Chicago Cubs as a scout and managed the Pulaski Cubs of the Class D Appalachian League. While managing in Pulaski, Bottomley suffered a heart attack. The Bottomleys moved to nearby Sullivan, Missouri. Bottomley died of a heart ailment in December 1959. He and his wife Betty were interred in the International Order of Odd Fellows Cemetery, Sullivan, Missouri. Bottomley holds the single-season record for most unassisted double plays by a first baseman, with eight. Bottomley is also known as the only man to be sued for hitting a home run when a fan was hit by the ball when he was not looking. He had over 100 RBIs in each season from 1924 to 1929. Bottomley was the second player in baseball history to hit 20 or more doubles, triples, and home runs in one season (Frank Schulte being the first) and the first of two players (Lou Gehrig being the other) to collect 150 or more doubles, triples, and home runs in a career. Bottomley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame posthumously in 1974 by the Veterans Committee. The Baseball Writers' Association of America charged that the Veterans Committee was not selective enough in choosing members. Charges of cronyism were levied against the Veterans Committee. When Bottomley was elected, the Veterans Committee included Frankie Frisch, a teammate of Bottomley's with the Cardinals. Frisch and Bill Terry, also a member of the Veterans Committee at the time, shepherded the selections of teammates Jesse Haines in 1970, Dave Bancroft and Chick Hafey in 1971, Ross Youngs in 1972, George Kelly in 1973, and Freddie Lindstrom in 1976. This led to the Veterans Committee having its powers reduced in subsequent years.", "By 1953, the Old-Timers Committee had not met for seven years (1946), and had only elected two players by mail, Mordecai Brown and Kid Nichols. They had not elected any non-players since the mass induction of 1945, and no players whose careers had begun before 1890 since the election of 1946. In response to this and the Old-Timers Committee members' increasing ages, a new \"Committee on Baseball Veterans\" (commonly known as the Veterans Committee) was created, consisting of:  The first Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and elected six people: Ed Barrow, Chief Bender, Tommy Connolly, Bill Klem, Bobby Wallace, and Harry Wright. Afterwards, the Veterans Committee was limited to two selections per meeting. It was also decided in 1953 that the new Veterans Committee would meet only in odd-numbered years. On July 22, 1956, it was decided that the BBWAA would vote only in even-numbered years. Of the 11 members of the Veterans Committee, Charlie Gehringer had already been inducted in the Hall as a player in 1949; Branch Rickey would be inducted as an executive/pioneer in 1967, Will Harridge would be inducted as an executive in 1972, and Warren Giles would be inducted as an executive in 1979. Additionally, J. G. Taylor Spink (1962), Frank Graham (1971) and Warren Brown (1973) would be honored with the J. G. Taylor Spink Award.", "American Veterans Committee  Launched in April 2013, the American Veterans Committee (AVC) is a non-profit veterans organization that promotes networking opportunities for US veterans globally. The organization was launched to make it easier for US veterans to connect with veterans from other countries, expand new employment and business opportunities, while also promoting smart diplomacy. As of 2018, the American Veterans Committee is no longer a membership organization. The organization is founded by Iraq War Veteran Saif Khan who serves as President. Founding member Hal Donahue, Lt. Col, USAF ( Ret.) serves as Senior Advisor. Major General James Kelley (ret.) served as former President. The American Veterans Committee is a member organization of the World Veterans Federation. Through the World Veterans Federation, the American Veterans Committee has the ability to connect with veterans organizations from around the world. The American Veterans Committee also focuses on learning from what other countries are doing better to serve their veterans, and how national, state and local programs in the US can be improved to serve veterans better. The American Veterans Committee is not related to the organization of the same name that was active from 1943 to 2008."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7a77222ace6e41f1a8728fd8974f82ab_0_q#1", "question": "Who were the first people selected for the veterans committee", "rewrite": "Who were the first people selected for the veterans committee?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["American Veterans Committee  Launched in April 2013, the American Veterans Committee (AVC) is a non-profit veterans organization that promotes networking opportunities for US veterans globally. The organization was launched to make it easier for US veterans to connect with veterans from other countries, expand new employment and business opportunities, while also promoting smart diplomacy. As of 2018, the American Veterans Committee is no longer a membership organization. The organization is founded by Iraq War Veteran Saif Khan who serves as President. Founding member Hal Donahue, Lt. Col, USAF ( Ret.) serves as Senior Advisor. Major General James Kelley (ret.) served as former President. The American Veterans Committee is a member organization of the World Veterans Federation. Through the World Veterans Federation, the American Veterans Committee has the ability to connect with veterans organizations from around the world. The American Veterans Committee also focuses on learning from what other countries are doing better to serve their veterans, and how national, state and local programs in the US can be improved to serve veterans better. The American Veterans Committee is not related to the organization of the same name that was active from 1943 to 2008.", "By 1953, the Old-Timers Committee had not met for seven years (1946), and had only elected two players by mail, Mordecai Brown and Kid Nichols. They had not elected any non-players since the mass induction of 1945, and no players whose careers had begun before 1890 since the election of 1946. In response to this and the Old-Timers Committee members' increasing ages, a new \"Committee on Baseball Veterans\" (commonly known as the Veterans Committee) was created, consisting of:  The first Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and elected six people: Ed Barrow, Chief Bender, Tommy Connolly, Bill Klem, Bobby Wallace, and Harry Wright. Afterwards, the Veterans Committee was limited to two selections per meeting. It was also decided in 1953 that the new Veterans Committee would meet only in odd-numbered years. On July 22, 1956, it was decided that the BBWAA would vote only in even-numbered years. Of the 11 members of the Veterans Committee, Charlie Gehringer had already been inducted in the Hall as a player in 1949; Branch Rickey would be inducted as an executive/pioneer in 1967, Will Harridge would be inducted as an executive in 1972, and Warren Giles would be inducted as an executive in 1979. Additionally, J. G. Taylor Spink (1962), Frank Graham (1971) and Warren Brown (1973) would be honored with the J. G. Taylor Spink Award.", "Bottomley returned to baseball as a scout for the Cardinals in 1955. In 1957, he joined the Chicago Cubs as a scout and managed the Pulaski Cubs of the Class D Appalachian League. While managing in Pulaski, Bottomley suffered a heart attack. The Bottomleys moved to nearby Sullivan, Missouri. Bottomley died of a heart ailment in December 1959. He and his wife Betty were interred in the International Order of Odd Fellows Cemetery, Sullivan, Missouri. Bottomley holds the single-season record for most unassisted double plays by a first baseman, with eight. Bottomley is also known as the only man to be sued for hitting a home run when a fan was hit by the ball when he was not looking. He had over 100 RBIs in each season from 1924 to 1929. Bottomley was the second player in baseball history to hit 20 or more doubles, triples, and home runs in one season (Frank Schulte being the first) and the first of two players (Lou Gehrig being the other) to collect 150 or more doubles, triples, and home runs in a career. Bottomley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame posthumously in 1974 by the Veterans Committee. The Baseball Writers' Association of America charged that the Veterans Committee was not selective enough in choosing members. Charges of cronyism were levied against the Veterans Committee. When Bottomley was elected, the Veterans Committee included Frankie Frisch, a teammate of Bottomley's with the Cardinals. Frisch and Bill Terry, also a member of the Veterans Committee at the time, shepherded the selections of teammates Jesse Haines in 1970, Dave Bancroft and Chick Hafey in 1971, Ross Youngs in 1972, George Kelly in 1973, and Freddie Lindstrom in 1976. This led to the Veterans Committee having its powers reduced in subsequent years.", "In contrast to other great fielding shortstops, Bancroft was noted for his offensive ability. After failing to be elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), the Veterans Committee elected Bancroft in 1971. Former Giants teammates Terry and Frankie Frisch, who joined the Veterans Committee in 1967, aided the elections of several of their former teammates. Terry and Frisch shepherded the selections of Jesse Haines in 1970, Bancroft and Chick Hafey in 1971, Ross Youngs in 1972, George Kelly in 1973, Jim Bottomley in 1974, and Freddie Lindstrom in 1976. Bancroft, along with some of the other selections made by Terry and Frisch, has been considered among the weakest of all inductees. According to the BBWAA, the Veterans Committee was not selective enough in choosing members. Charges of cronyism were levied against the Veterans Committee. This led to the Veterans Committee having its powers reduced in subsequent years. Despite the criticism of players elected to the Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in this period, Bancroft grades well in terms of sabermetric statistics. He finished fourth in the NL in Wins Above Replacement in 1920 (6.5) and third in 1921 (7.2) and 1922 (6.0). Bancroft was also inducted in \"The Des Moines Register\"s Iowa Sports Hall of Fame. Bancroft married Edna Harriet Gisin while he played minor league baseball. They had no children and lived in Superior, Wisconsin, for the remainder of their lives. After retiring from baseball, Bancroft worked as a warehouse supervisor for Interprovincial Pipeline Company. He retired in 1956 and spent his later years hunting and fishing. Bancroft died on October 9, 1972, in a hospital in Superior at the age of 81.   , or Baseball Almanac", "American Veterans Committee (1943\u20132008)  \" This article refers to a defunct organization. For the current organization sharing the same name see American Veterans Committee.\" The American Veterans Committee was founded in 1943 as a liberal veterans organization and an alternative to groups such as the American Legion and the Veterans of Foreign Wars, which supported a conservative political and social agenda. The organization's roots were planted in 1942 when Sgt. Gilbert Harrison began to correspond with fellow servicemen concerning an organization that expanded beyond the needs of military men. In 1943, the University Religious Conference at UCLA became a meeting place for the military men who shared this desire for a veterans organization that also advocated peace and justice. One year later in 1944, Charles Bolte joined the UCLA group and the American Veterans Committee was born. The founding group included Futurist Donald Prell. The new organization immediately began to publish the \"AVC Bulletin\" to document the organization's advocacy issues. With a motto of \"Citizens First, Veterans Second,\" the AVC supported a range of liberal causes. Most notably, the organization challenged segregationist policy and maintained racially integrated chapters in Southern states before the era of civil rights. It also played an integral role in establishing the World Veterans Federation in 1950, which still advocates the building of peace among former adversaries. While other veterans' organizations lobbied for financial \"bonuses\" for returning veterans, the AVC opposed such bonuses, supporting instead housing and education programs for veterans. Unlike other veterans' groups, the AVC offered full membership to women and people of color. During its early years, AVC grew at exponential rates: 5,500 members in 1945, 18,000 members in 1946, and 100,000 members in 1947. However, there was a drastic drop in membership after the organization became embroiled in the Second Red Scare."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the criteria that makes one eligible for the selection of veterans committee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7a77222ace6e41f1a8728fd8974f82ab_0_q#2", "question": "what was important about the selection process", "rewrite": "what was important about the selection process of the Veterans' Committee?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For selecting an ERP system to implement, an organization can choose to hire a knowledgeable source for in-house management or use a consulting firm. With a third party vendor, it can be easy to not fully comprehend the system capabilities and the gap of requirements the ERP system does not offer. For that reason, organizations need to weight the costs of hiring an ERP knowledge expert or trusting a third party vendor for implementation. If an organization decides to use a vendor, they will need to decide how to handle the ongoing maintenance of the system. To address the common mistakes that lead to a poor system selection it is important to apply key principles to the process, some of which are listed below:  The first step in selection of a new system is to adopt a structured approach to the process. The set of practices are presented to all the stakeholders within the enterprise before the system selection process begins. Everyone needs to understand the method of gathering requirements; invitation to tender; how potential vendors will be selected; the format of demonstrations and the process for selecting the vendor. Thus, each stakeholder is aware that the decision will be made on an objective and collective basis and this will always lead to a high level of co-operation within the process. Demonstrations by potential vendors must be relevant to the business. However, it is important to understand that there is considerable amount of preparation required by vendors to perform demonstrations that are specific to a business. Therefore, it is imperative that vendors are treated equally in requests for demonstrations and it is incumbent on the company [and the objective consultant assisting the company in the selection process] to identify sufficient demonstrations that will allow a proper decision to be made but will also ensure that vendors do not opt out of the selection process due to the extent of preparation required. \"Choosing which ERP to use is a complex decision that has significant economic consequences, thus it requires a multi-criterion approach.\".", "An international mission in 2008, organized by the International Commission of Jurists and the Due Process of Law Foundation, admired the inclusive nature of the selection process, but received information from multiple sources about alleged irregularities in the elaboration of certain lists, and information concerning alleged political influence, which might serve to undermine the selection process. The Mission verified widespread distrust in the selection process, more specifically, a belief that the candidate lists are a result of political and powerful interest groups interferences. The Mission recognized the interest expressed by, and opening up of, many key actors and groups within the Honduran society towards the selection process and invited the international community to become more involved and to promote a transparent process that leads to the selection of justices with the stature required by a Supreme Court. On 27 May 2009, the Administrative Law Tribunal issued an injunction against holding the poll at the request of the Honduran Attorney General Luis Alberto Rubi. On 16 June the Court of Appeals unanimously upheld the 27 May injunction. On 18 June, the Administrative Law Tribunal ordered Zelaya to comply with the ruling in writing within five days. On 26 June the Supreme Court unanimously found that the Presidency had not complied with the 18 June court order, and issued a sealed order to detain President Manuel Zelaya for the purposes of taking a statement. This precipitated some of the most dramatic events of the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis. The court was criticized by several UN experts for the dismissal of several judges in relation to the crisis. They noted the dismissals appeared related only to the public expression of opposition to events during the crisis and that the accused judges were not given the opportunity to participate in the proceedings.", "The basis for him being scrapped, one doesn't know\"   The same report that quoted Lumbera also noted that \"Santos still has not spoken about the whole brouhaha up to this day.<nowiki>[August 4, 2009]</nowiki>\" Another aspect of the controversy regards the existence and of the Palace Honors committee which allegedly prepared the final list of nominees, which was eventually enacted by Arroyo. Protesters claim that they were not aware of the existence of such a committee, and that at first, they had no idea who precisely were supposed to be on the committee. According to them, nominating committees were made by the CCP and NCCA, and a final list of nominees was prepared by a joint committee. NCCA sub-commission on the arts head Ricardo de Ungria, one of the panelists involved in the selection process, insisted before a congressional committee meeting on the matter that the arts community \u201c\"were never apprised of the existence of this animal since the start of the selection process this year or eight years ago.\"\u201d According to Malaca\u00f1ang and to Cecille Guidote-Alvarez,however, the selection process had always involved the participation of three committees - those of the CCP, the NCCA and the Malaca\u00f1ang honors committee, whose head was Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita. Living National Artists of the Philippines who have protested the proclamation of the four new National Artists include:  Other prominent critics include prominent Filipino Comic Book artist Gerry Alanguilan, multiple Palanca Award laureate Lourd de Veyra, Film Academy of the Philippines Director General Leo Martinez (who had played a part in the original nomination process). The Arroyo administration was quick to defend its choices of individuals to be named to the Order of National Artists. Acting Executive Secretary and Presidential political adviser Gabriel Claudio told reporters that: \"\"<nowiki>", "NCAA basketball tournament selection process The selection process for college basketball's NCAA Division I Men's and Women's Basketball Championships determines which teams (68 men's, 64 women's) will enter the tournaments (the centerpieces of the basketball championship frenzy known as \"March Madness\") and their seedings and matchups in the knockout bracket. Thirty-two teams gain automatic entry through winning their conference's championship. The remaining teams (36 men's, 32 women's) rely on the selection committee to award them an at-large bid in the tournament. The selection process primarily takes place on Selection Sunday and the days leading up to it. Selection Sunday is also when the men's brackets and seeds are released to the public. The women's championship brackets and seeds are announced one day later, on Selection Monday. The ten-member basketball selection committee is made up of athletic directors and conference commissioners throughout Division I men's and women's athletics with separate committees for the men's and women's tournaments. The committees, whose members serve five-year terms, are chosen to ensure that conferences from around the country are represented. Historically the men's selection committee consisted of all men, and the women's selection committee consisted of all women. However, recently women have been serving on the men\u2019s committee (including Judy Rose, Lynn Hickey, and current member Janet Cone), and men have been serving on the women\u2019s committee (including Richard Ensor and current member Jeff Konya). The tournament selection is only part of the committee members' duties; the panels meet year-round (in-person or through conference calls) to discuss the tournament and its administration, evaluate teams, assign tournament game officials, and determine future tournament sites.", "1 for 7 Billion campaign  1 for 7 Billion is a civil society campaign calling for the selection and appointment process of the UN Secretary-General to be reformed. It claims the current procedure, which was developed in 1946, is \u201coutdated\u201d and incompatible with selecting the best candidate. 1 for 7 Billion calls for the selection process to be open to public scrutiny and be based on merit. Its goal is to improve the selection procedures ahead of the appointment of the next Secretary-General in 2016. 1 for 7 Billion was launched in November 2014, when 12 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) sent a letter to all UN member states asking for \u201ca more open and inclusive process engaging all UN member states [which] will help to revitalise the UN and enhance its global authority.\u201d 1 for 7 Billion has its roots in an earlier civil society initiative, \u201cUNSGselection\u201d, aimed to improve the selection process ahead of the appointment of the Secretary-General in 2006 which was developed by the World Federalist Movement. The UNSGselection campaign promoted an overt selection process and sought to do this through the adoption of measures such as: listing candidate qualifications; an official timetable; assessments of candidates; and a system of background checks. 1 for 7 Billion is one of several civil society initiatives which has emerged to influence the appointment of the UN\u2019s ninth Secretary-General. The Elders, a group of former world leaders founded by Nelson Mandela, has also advocated for changes to the selection process as part of its \u201cA UN Fit for Purpose\u201d initiative. In light of the absence of female Secretaries-General, the \u201cCampaign to Elect a Woman Secretary-General\u201d and the \u201cSheUNited\u201d campaign both advocate for a woman to be appointed."], "answer": {"text": "The selection of these two pitchers from the period between 1890 and 1916 was roundly applauded,", "answer_start": 1486}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the criteria that makes one eligible for the selection of veterans committee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the first people selected for the veterans committee", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7a77222ace6e41f1a8728fd8974f82ab_0_q#3", "question": "Who were the two pitchers that were selected?", "rewrite": "Who were the two pitchers that were selected for the Veterans' Committee?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["in one season), Johnny Bates (.301 in two seasons), Beals Becker (.301 in three seasons), Wally Berger (.317 in one season), T. J. Bohn ( .400 in one season), Brouthers (.344 in one season), George Browne (.300 in three seasons), Frank Bruggy (.310 in one season), and Smoky Burgess (.316 in four seasons). Pat Burrell leads Phillies players whose names begin with B in home runs, with 251, and runs batted in, with 827. Of this list's 85 pitchers, Doug Bair and Doug Bird share the best winning percentage with Mark Brownson. Each is undefeated in his decisions\u2014Bair and Bird with 2\u20130 records, and Brownson at 1\u20130. The top winner among pitchers whose names begin with B is Bunning, who recorded 89 victories in 6 seasons with Philadelphia. Ray Benge lost 82 games in 6 seasons, the most among these pitchers. Bunning's 1,409 strikeouts are the highest total among B pitchers, and two pitchers (Joe Bisenius and Dan Boitano) share the earned run average (ERA) lead, with a 0.00 mark; among pitchers who have allowed a run, Stan Bahnsen's 1.35 ERA is best. Bunning is one of the ten Phillies pitchers who have thrown a no-hitter, having pitched a perfect game on June 21, 1964.", "On May 9, 1949, it was announced that two pitchers had been selected:  Mordecai \"Three Finger\" Brown, whose career extended from 1903 to 1916, ending with 239 victories and a 2.06 ERA; he had been the main pitching star on the Chicago Cubs teams which dominated the National League between 1906 and 1910, with Brown winning 20 or more games each season as the club won four pennants. His shutout in Game 5 of the 1907 World Series clinched the championship for the Cubs. In twenty-five career matchups against Christy Mathewson, Brown won thirteen times, with Mathewson winning eleven. His partial loss of two fingers in a childhood farm accident had led to his pitches having an atypical motion. Charles \"Kid\" Nichols, who won 360 games between 1890 and 1906, primarily with the five-time champion Boston Beaneaters; at age 30, he became the youngest man ever to win 300 games, and he retired with the third-most wins of any pitcher. He won over 20 games every year in the 1890s, and won 30 or more a record seven times. An incredibly strong-armed pitcher despite his small size (5'9\", 170 pounds (77 kg)), he regularly pitched over 400 innings per year, and completed all but 30 of his 561 career starts - never being replaced by a relief pitcher. Nichols was still living, but Brown had died February 14, 1948. They were formally inducted on June 13 along with Charlie Gehringer and the 1948 selections, Pie Traynor and the late Herb Pennock; Nichols and Traynor were in attendance. The selection of these two pitchers from the period between 1890 and 1916 was roundly applauded, but it was noted that stars of the earlier era had been ignored once again, as well as position players from the same period.", "World Series Most Valuable Player Award The Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award is given to the Major League Baseball (MLB) player deemed to have the most impact on his team's performance in the World Series, which is the final round of the MLB postseason. The award was first presented in 1955 as the \"SPORT\" Magazine Award, but is now decided during the final game of the Series by a committee of reporters and officials present at the game. On September 29, 2017, it was renamed in honor of Willie Mays in remembrance of the 63rd anniversary of The Catch. Mays never won the award himself. Pitchers have been named Series MVP twenty-seven times; four of them were relief pitchers. Twelve of the first fourteen World Series MVPs were won by pitchers; from 1969 until 1986, the proportion of pitcher MVPs declined\u2014Rollie Fingers (1974) and Bret Saberhagen (1985) were the only two pitchers to win the award in this period. From 1987 until 1991, all of the World Series MVPs were pitchers, and, since 1995, pitchers have won the award nine times. Bobby Richardson of the 1960 New York Yankees is the only player in World Series history to be named MVP despite being on the losing team. The most recent winner was Steve Pearce of the Boston Red Sox, who won the award in 2018.", "Four(4) pitchers have more than 4,000 career strikeouts. Walter Johnson has the most wins and lowest ERA. Nolan Ryan has the most strikeouts. It is a rare occurrence when reigning Pitcher of the Year winners face off against each other. The award was suspended for 1946-1947. A list of the lost year's top two pitchers in each league based on a pitcher rating composed of wins, ERA and strikeouts is below. A pitcher rating of 6.0 is considered very good. A rating of 9.00 (1.5*6) is rare. Bob Feller and Hal Newhouser in 1946 AL had a rating above 9. The Los Angeles Dodgers are the only organization whose pitchers have won the Pitcher of the Year Award in 5 consecutive years: 1962\u20131966 (Don Drysdale and Sandy Koufax) and 2013-2017 (Kershaw, Greinke and Jansen). Los Angeles (Brooklyn) Dodgers pitchers have won the award 17 times; Atlanta (Boston and Milwaukee) Braves pitchers have won the award 13 times. The following organizations have never had a pitcher win the award: Cincinnati Reds, Colorado Rockies, Florida Marlins and Texas Rangers. The Detroit Tigers have three pitchers who have won consecutive awards \u2014 Hal Newhouser (1944\u201345), Denny McLain (1968\u201369) and Justin Verlander (2011\u201312). Each was also Player of the Year and AL MVP at least once while being Pitcher of the Year. The Atlanta (Boston and Milwaukee) Braves also have three pitchers who have won consecutive awards \u2014 Warren Spahn (1957\u201358), Greg Maddux (1992\u201395) and Craig Kimbrel (2013\u201314).", "Most pitchers in today's game of five-man rotations start fewer than 35 games per season, and thus do not start enough games to break the record. The most games started by a pitcher in the 2019 season was 34, accomplished by seven pitchers, and only three pitchers in the 21st century have started more than 35 games in a season (Tom Glavine in 2002 and Roy Halladay and Greg Maddux in 2003, each with 36 starts). Although relief pitchers often appear in more than the requisite number of games, they rarely record ten wins in a season. However, the use of relief pitchers increases a starter's chance of a no decision, further limiting the ability to break the record. To put this record in further perspective, the last pitcher to win 30 games in a season was Denny McLain in 1968 and the last pitcher to win 25 games in a season was Bob Welch in 1990. Also, the most wins in a season by any pitcher in the 21st century is 24, by Randy Johnson in 2002 and Justin Verlander in 2011. Set by Cy Young, 1890\u20131911. Highlights of this record include: nine 40-complete-game seasons, eighteen 30-complete-game seasons and completing 92 percent of his total career starts (an all-time record of 815). The next closest player is Pud Galvin, who has 103 fewer complete games at 646. Among pitchers whose entire careers were in the live-ball era, the most is 382 by Warren Spahn. For a player to accomplish this, he would have to average 30 complete games over 25 seasons to get to 750. Between 2000 and 2009, the Major League leaders in complete games averaged eight per season, and only two pitchers in the 21st century have had 10 complete games in any season (CC Sabathia with 10 in 2008 and James Shields with 11 in 2011)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are the criteria that makes one eligible for the selection of veterans committee?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the first people selected for the veterans committee", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was important about the selection process", "answer": {"text": "The selection of these two pitchers from the period between 1890 and 1916 was roundly applauded,", "answer_start": 1486, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b69ecd8f48724ff0803d70c330560607_1_q#0", "question": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "rewrite": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Sberna  Sberna is a surname found in the Swiss-Italian and Franco-Proven\u00e7al regions. It may be of Celtic origin. The name is derived from the Celtic word \"vern\", \"gwern\" or \"berula\" (\"berle\"), meaning \"alder tree\" or place of alders. The name indicates a Celtic person who lived where alders grew. The etymology seems to be very old and dates back to the time of Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic tribes. In the Romansh language spoken in the Cantons of Grisons (Graub\u00fcnden) and Ticino in Switzerland and in Lombardy (Italy), the word appears as \"s'b\u00e8rna\" and \"b\u00e8rna\", with the accent over the letter \"e\". Its dialectal meaning is \"skinny and ugly\" (\"magro e brutto\" in Italian), indicating that the name derives from a physical appellation of people, although that is only a hypothesis. The Eastern Alpine dialect is also spoken in parts of Sicily, having been introduced by the Vikings at the time of the Norman Conquest (Viking). According to Gerhard Rohlfs the name derives from a Sicilian word \"sberna\" which meant \"alder\" whereas for it means \"big cloth cover\" (cf. burnous). Related surnames are \"Vernon\" in the English-speaking world, and \"Bernaz\" in the Chablais.", "In a trip to Vancouver, she flew in an exhibition for Edward, Prince of Wales, and his brother George, Duke of York \u2013 both future Kings of England. Heading even further north, she became the first woman to fly in Canada on July 31, 1913. Her flight was part of an airshow at Minoru Park in Richmond, British Columbia. A local paper reported that she \"delighted the crowd by the clever manner in which she handled the plane [in] dips, rolls, figure eights and other evolutions of a like nature.\" On May 29, 1913- the same day she performed in a Boise airshow- Alys married John Bryant. They were called \"a blissfully happy and devoted young couple.\" In August of 1913, Alys and John Bryant headed to Victoria, British Columbia to perform a series of exhibition flights for $1,000. Leaving in a hurry, they did not thoroughly check their plane for damage. Alys cut her first flight short after ten minutes due to strong winds, stating, \"I don't want a ride like that again. It was the roughest, toughest, and most fearsome flight I have so far experienced.\" The winds remained dangerously strong the next day, August 6, when John Bryant took to the air. If he had not flown, the Bryants would not have received their fee. Four hundred feet above the city, his plane went into a dive, crashing into the roof of the Lee Dye Building in Victoria's Chinatown. John's neck was broken, and he died soon after first responders reached him. Alys was running towards the site of the crash when Victoria's police chief gave her the news, and collapsed on the spot. The Bennett Aero Company used the Bryants' fee to pay for repairs to the Lee Dye Building, leaving only 300 dollars for Alys Bryant.", "Affected by images of the plight of refugees arriving and travelling across Europe, the grassroots aid movement (otherwise known as the people-to-people, or people solidarity movement), consisting of thousands of private individuals with no prior NGO experience, began in earnest to self-organise and form groups taking aid to areas of displaced persons. The first wave of early responders reached camps in Calais and Dunkirk in August 2015 and joined forces with existing local charities supporting the inhabitants there. Other volunteers journeyed to support refugees across the Balkans, Macedonia, and the Greek islands. Grassroots aid filled voids and saved lives by plugging gaps in the system between governments and existing charities. The Axis of Justice (AofJ) is a not-for-profit group co-founded by Tom Morello and Serj Tankian. It's intended purpose is to promote social justice by connecting musicians and music enthusiasts to progressive grass roots ideals. The group appears at music festivals; the most prominent being Lollapalooza in 2003. The Axis of Justice most regularly appears whenever the bands System of a Down or Audioslave are performing. The group also has a podcast on XM Satellite radio and KPFK (90.7 FM), a Pacifica Radio station in Los Angeles, California. The AofJ's mission is to connect local music fans to organization, local and global, aimed at effectively working on issues like peace, human rights, and economic justice within communities. Grassroots movements are usually criticized because the recent rise in social media has resulted in leaderless and horizontal movements. Some argue that social movements without a clear hierarchy are far less effective and are more likely to die off. Astroturfing refers to political action that is meant to appear to be grassroots, that is spontaneous and local, but in fact comes from an outside organization, such as a corporation or think tank.", "Korchek is shot dead. During this act, the couple following Elmo in the SUV approaches him to give up playing his role in the film (thus breaking the fourth wall) in order to become a star in his own action show. Contrary to the experience of the other characters, Elmo's storyline seems to move forward in time continuously, without rewinding/repeating between acts. The final act is seen through the perspective of Mrs. Munson. We move through the storyline again and see her experience with Fletcher's growing disaffection, Dr. Korchek's affection, and the day-to-day routine of being a mom. The action follows roughly the same events, except that Fletcher and his doppelganger speak Japanese, Italian or French, with the cultural stereotype of each nationality reflecting Mrs Munson's perception of the men. This is in a similar vein to the \"generic greetings\" of the earlier act. Once she leaves Korchek, she makes a tired reconciliation with Fletcher and they go home together. Fletcher finishes Schwitters' speech and all seems to be well. The day of the speech, Schwitters mounts the podium and prepares to give the oration which is, by all accounts, quite good. After acknowledging applause with a \"Thank you,\" Elmo, who has been missing for this entire act, bursts into the auditorium and shoots Schwitters in the shoulder. Schwitters survives and Elmo is arrested. After nonsensical ranting, repeating \"nose army\" again and again, Elmo exposes his crotch during a police interrogation. The police recoil and shield their eyes, implying that Lester Richards may have died the same way at beginning of the film after seeing photos of Elmo at the drugstore. The movie ends with a pair of monologues.", "Joseph Cure Joseph O'Connell Cure (December 10, 1983 \u2013 November 8, 2015) was an American ice hockey player and actor. Cure made his film debut in Walt Disney Pictures' \"Miracle\" in 2004. Cure was cast as Mike Ramsey, the youngest member of the \"Miracle on Ice\" U.S. ice hockey team at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Cure, one of three siblings and a native of Bloomington, Minnesota, began playing ice hockey when he was five years old. He was playing bantam minor ice hockey before high school. In 2002, he and his hockey team from the Academy of Holy Angels won the Class AA Minnesota state hockey tournament. He graduated from the Academy of Holy Angels in 2002. Cure then relocated to Texas, where he played junior ice hockey. He attended Baylor University before being cast in \"Miracle\". Cure, who had no acting experience at the time, auditioned for a part in the Disney's \"Miracle\", a film focusing on the Team USA's Miracle on Ice at the 1980 Olympics. Cure, the youngest actor cast as a player in the film, portrayed Mike Ramsey, the youngest player in the 1980 US ice hockey team. The film opened on February 6, 2004. In a 2004 interview before filming began, Cure recalled the audition process, \"I'm out in L.A., auditioning and pretending to be an actor, hoping somebody buys it.\" \"Miracle\" marked his film debut. Ten years later, in a 2014 interview with the Minnesota magazine, \"Let\u2019s Play Hockey\", Cure noted \"The story of \u2018Miracle\u2019 is truly a love story about 20 young boys coming together and taking on the world. \u2026 Being a part of \u2018Miracle\u2019 forever changed the way I view the Olympics.\" Cure received a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2008."], "answer": {"text": "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b69ecd8f48724ff0803d70c330560607_1_q#1", "question": "What year was that?", "rewrite": "What year was the Miracle on Ice exhibitions?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Affected by images of the plight of refugees arriving and travelling across Europe, the grassroots aid movement (otherwise known as the people-to-people, or people solidarity movement), consisting of thousands of private individuals with no prior NGO experience, began in earnest to self-organise and form groups taking aid to areas of displaced persons. The first wave of early responders reached camps in Calais and Dunkirk in August 2015 and joined forces with existing local charities supporting the inhabitants there. Other volunteers journeyed to support refugees across the Balkans, Macedonia, and the Greek islands. Grassroots aid filled voids and saved lives by plugging gaps in the system between governments and existing charities. The Axis of Justice (AofJ) is a not-for-profit group co-founded by Tom Morello and Serj Tankian. It's intended purpose is to promote social justice by connecting musicians and music enthusiasts to progressive grass roots ideals. The group appears at music festivals; the most prominent being Lollapalooza in 2003. The Axis of Justice most regularly appears whenever the bands System of a Down or Audioslave are performing. The group also has a podcast on XM Satellite radio and KPFK (90.7 FM), a Pacifica Radio station in Los Angeles, California. The AofJ's mission is to connect local music fans to organization, local and global, aimed at effectively working on issues like peace, human rights, and economic justice within communities. Grassroots movements are usually criticized because the recent rise in social media has resulted in leaderless and horizontal movements. Some argue that social movements without a clear hierarchy are far less effective and are more likely to die off. Astroturfing refers to political action that is meant to appear to be grassroots, that is spontaneous and local, but in fact comes from an outside organization, such as a corporation or think tank.", "Sberna  Sberna is a surname found in the Swiss-Italian and Franco-Proven\u00e7al regions. It may be of Celtic origin. The name is derived from the Celtic word \"vern\", \"gwern\" or \"berula\" (\"berle\"), meaning \"alder tree\" or place of alders. The name indicates a Celtic person who lived where alders grew. The etymology seems to be very old and dates back to the time of Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic tribes. In the Romansh language spoken in the Cantons of Grisons (Graub\u00fcnden) and Ticino in Switzerland and in Lombardy (Italy), the word appears as \"s'b\u00e8rna\" and \"b\u00e8rna\", with the accent over the letter \"e\". Its dialectal meaning is \"skinny and ugly\" (\"magro e brutto\" in Italian), indicating that the name derives from a physical appellation of people, although that is only a hypothesis. The Eastern Alpine dialect is also spoken in parts of Sicily, having been introduced by the Vikings at the time of the Norman Conquest (Viking). According to Gerhard Rohlfs the name derives from a Sicilian word \"sberna\" which meant \"alder\" whereas for it means \"big cloth cover\" (cf. burnous). Related surnames are \"Vernon\" in the English-speaking world, and \"Bernaz\" in the Chablais.", "Korchek is shot dead. During this act, the couple following Elmo in the SUV approaches him to give up playing his role in the film (thus breaking the fourth wall) in order to become a star in his own action show. Contrary to the experience of the other characters, Elmo's storyline seems to move forward in time continuously, without rewinding/repeating between acts. The final act is seen through the perspective of Mrs. Munson. We move through the storyline again and see her experience with Fletcher's growing disaffection, Dr. Korchek's affection, and the day-to-day routine of being a mom. The action follows roughly the same events, except that Fletcher and his doppelganger speak Japanese, Italian or French, with the cultural stereotype of each nationality reflecting Mrs Munson's perception of the men. This is in a similar vein to the \"generic greetings\" of the earlier act. Once she leaves Korchek, she makes a tired reconciliation with Fletcher and they go home together. Fletcher finishes Schwitters' speech and all seems to be well. The day of the speech, Schwitters mounts the podium and prepares to give the oration which is, by all accounts, quite good. After acknowledging applause with a \"Thank you,\" Elmo, who has been missing for this entire act, bursts into the auditorium and shoots Schwitters in the shoulder. Schwitters survives and Elmo is arrested. After nonsensical ranting, repeating \"nose army\" again and again, Elmo exposes his crotch during a police interrogation. The police recoil and shield their eyes, implying that Lester Richards may have died the same way at beginning of the film after seeing photos of Elmo at the drugstore. The movie ends with a pair of monologues.", "Joseph Cure Joseph O'Connell Cure (December 10, 1983 \u2013 November 8, 2015) was an American ice hockey player and actor. Cure made his film debut in Walt Disney Pictures' \"Miracle\" in 2004. Cure was cast as Mike Ramsey, the youngest member of the \"Miracle on Ice\" U.S. ice hockey team at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Cure, one of three siblings and a native of Bloomington, Minnesota, began playing ice hockey when he was five years old. He was playing bantam minor ice hockey before high school. In 2002, he and his hockey team from the Academy of Holy Angels won the Class AA Minnesota state hockey tournament. He graduated from the Academy of Holy Angels in 2002. Cure then relocated to Texas, where he played junior ice hockey. He attended Baylor University before being cast in \"Miracle\". Cure, who had no acting experience at the time, auditioned for a part in the Disney's \"Miracle\", a film focusing on the Team USA's Miracle on Ice at the 1980 Olympics. Cure, the youngest actor cast as a player in the film, portrayed Mike Ramsey, the youngest player in the 1980 US ice hockey team. The film opened on February 6, 2004. In a 2004 interview before filming began, Cure recalled the audition process, \"I'm out in L.A., auditioning and pretending to be an actor, hoping somebody buys it.\" \"Miracle\" marked his film debut. Ten years later, in a 2014 interview with the Minnesota magazine, \"Let\u2019s Play Hockey\", Cure noted \"The story of \u2018Miracle\u2019 is truly a love story about 20 young boys coming together and taking on the world. \u2026 Being a part of \u2018Miracle\u2019 forever changed the way I view the Olympics.\" Cure received a bachelor's degree from the University of California, Los Angeles in 2008.", "In a trip to Vancouver, she flew in an exhibition for Edward, Prince of Wales, and his brother George, Duke of York \u2013 both future Kings of England. Heading even further north, she became the first woman to fly in Canada on July 31, 1913. Her flight was part of an airshow at Minoru Park in Richmond, British Columbia. A local paper reported that she \"delighted the crowd by the clever manner in which she handled the plane [in] dips, rolls, figure eights and other evolutions of a like nature.\" On May 29, 1913- the same day she performed in a Boise airshow- Alys married John Bryant. They were called \"a blissfully happy and devoted young couple.\" In August of 1913, Alys and John Bryant headed to Victoria, British Columbia to perform a series of exhibition flights for $1,000. Leaving in a hurry, they did not thoroughly check their plane for damage. Alys cut her first flight short after ten minutes due to strong winds, stating, \"I don't want a ride like that again. It was the roughest, toughest, and most fearsome flight I have so far experienced.\" The winds remained dangerously strong the next day, August 6, when John Bryant took to the air. If he had not flown, the Bryants would not have received their fee. Four hundred feet above the city, his plane went into a dive, crashing into the roof of the Lee Dye Building in Victoria's Chinatown. John's neck was broken, and he died soon after first responders reached him. Alys was running towards the site of the crash when Victoria's police chief gave her the news, and collapsed on the spot. The Bennett Aero Company used the Bryants' fee to pay for repairs to the Lee Dye Building, leaving only 300 dollars for Alys Bryant."], "answer": {"text": "In 1979-80,", "answer_start": 203}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "answer": {"text": "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b69ecd8f48724ff0803d70c330560607_1_q#2", "question": "Where were the exhibitions held?", "rewrite": "Where were the Miracle on Ice exhibitions held?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Grafton Galleries The Grafton Galleries, often referred to as the Grafton Gallery, was an art gallery in Mayfair, London. The French art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel showed the first major exhibition in Britain of Impressionist paintings there in 1905. Roger Fry's two famous exhibitions of Post-Impressionist works in 1910 and 1912 were both held at the gallery. The date of foundation of the Grafton Galleries is not certain; some sources give 1873, when it had an address in Liverpool. The gallery was incorporated in London on 16 June 1891, and opened in February 1893, first at 8 Grafton Street, and later, from 1896, in Bond Street. The manager was Francis Gerard Prange. From 1905 or earlier, Roger Fry was an advisor to the gallery; he asked William Rothenstein to advise him on exhibition content. The first London exhibition of the Grafton Galleries opened on 18 February 1893; the last was probably in 1930. The most celebrated exhibitions held there were Paul Durand-Ruel's Impressionist show of 1905, and the two Post-Impressionist exhibitions put on by Roger Fry: \"Manet and the Post-Impressionists\" in 1910\u201311, and the \"Second Post-Impressionist Exhibition\" of 1912. Exhibitions held at the gallery include:  Other artists who exhibited at the gallery include Frank Brangwyn, John Lavery, William Orpen, Christopher Nevinson, Ben Nicholson, Glyn Philpot, William Bruce Ellis Ranken, Frank Salisbury, John Singer Sargent, James Jebusa Shannon and George Fiddes Watt. The Ridley Art Club held its annual exhibition at the gallery from 1897 to 1919; the Society of Miniaturists held its annual exhibition there from 1905 until 1926; and the Allied Artists' Association held its annual show in the Grafton Galleries from 1916 to 1920.", "As the main focus of the Hong Kong House of Stories is to increase citizens\u2019 awareness on community and culture of Hong Kong, it hosts a variety of community cultural activities which can be divided into five category: 1) Public Exhibitions, 2) Community-guided Tours, 3) Arts and Culture Promotion Activities 4) Workshops 5) Regular Events. There are different exhibitions held in different periods in the House of Stories. The latest one is \"Blue House Curio Store. Recognize the old things and bring a story home\" which has been held from 21 Sep 2015 to 11 Jan 2016. Some exhibitions held before:  \"In the name of what we believe\" \"Memories under skin\" \"Naamyam exhibition\" \"Stall on street\" Some tours are held to help the public to recognize the change between the past and recent Hong Kong community. Wan Chai Community Cultural Tour and Central Community Cultural Tour are regular tours in which English version tour is available for Wan Chai Community tour. Some special tours will be held in particular time. The latest special tours are Wan Chai Cuisine Tour and Wan Chai Hiking Tour. Some activities are organized to promote arts and culture in Hong Kong. The \"Viva Blue House Studio\" and the \"Community Classroom\" are the main programmes to promote community arts by organizing different workshops to the public for better understanding of community arts and local crafts. In Community Classroom, there are Community Arts Workshop, Local Crafts Workshop, Traditional Industry Workshop and Traditional Food Workshop organized for the public to learn more about traditional artwork and crafts. Some events are held every month regularly, for instances, movie sharing, night concert, art studios, neighborhood sharing discussion etc. One of the main features of the Hong Kong House of Stories is that most of the staff are the elderly who are volunteers.", "The artist's delineation of well-worn houses is unique as her interpretation of them in color, and there is nothing we like more than the simple but fruitful wedding of line and color mass. Control of detail is, in this case, an additional gift. Canvases may be flooded with subsidiary graphic or pigmental themes, but there is never confusion. Grace Gemberling is one of Philadelphia's most promising painters. Concerning the painting \"Colonial Stairway\" Chalfont wrote: \"One of the more realistically interpreted compositions by Gemberling, this is clearly the \"Montmorenci\" Stair Hall at Winterthur Museum. Wonder- fully rendered, this painting invites the viewer into the opulence of the interior and demonstrates her deep ap- preciation for the Winterthur Museum and the impressive collection within.\" The exhibitions in which Gemberling participated were mostly non-commercial. The two organizations that showed her work more than any others were both ones where she had been a student: She contributed paintings, watercolors, and drawings to nearly all the annual exhibitions held by the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts between 1927 and 1943 and to many of the annual exhibitions held at Friends' Central School between 1934 and 1955. Other non-commercial organizations that showed her work on multiple occasions included the Plastic Club of Philadelphia, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the North Shore Art Association, and the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors. Non-commercial organizations that showed her a single time included the City Art Museum of St. Louis (1930), Salons of America (New York, 1932), Philadelphia Water Color Club (1926), National Academy of Design (New York, 1932), Whitney Museum of American Art (New York, 1934), Society of Independent Artists (New York, 1934), Studio House", "Vasudeo S. Gaitonde Vasudeo S. Gaitonde (V. S. Gaitonde) (1924\u20132001) was regarded as one of India's foremost abstract painters. He completed his art diploma at Sir J. J. School of Art in 1948, and in 1950 was invited to join the influential Bombay Progressive Artists' Group. He received Padma Shri Award in 1971. Gaitonde was born in 1924, in Nagpur, Maharashtra, to Goan parents. He received his art diploma from the J. J. School of Art in 1948. Impressed by his work, Vasudev was invited to join the Progressive Artists Group of Bombay formed in 1947 by artists like Francis Newton Souza and S. H. Raza and M. F. Husain. He actively participated in the activities of the group. He had several exhibitions held in India as well as in foreign countries. In 1956, he participated in the Indian art exhibition, which was held in Eastern European countries. He also participated in other group exhibitions held at the Graham Art Gallery, New York, in 1959 and 1963. Gaitonde's abstract works are produced in many Indian and overseas collections including the Museum of Modern Art, New York. In 1957, he was awarded the first prize at the Young Asian Artists Exhibition, Tokyo and the Rockefeller Fellowship followed in 1964. In 1971, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India. He lived and worked in Nizamuddin East area of Delhi, and died in 2001, in obscurity. \u2033A quiet man and a painter of the quiet reaches of the imagination\" as one of his admirers once called him, defines Gaitonde best, who has the appearance of an intellectual, literally simmering with some unexplored thought.", "Wafika Sultan Al-Essa Wafika Sultan Al-Essa (; born 1952 in Bahrain) is a Qatari artist specializing in painting and plastic arts. She has occupied posts in Qatar TV's production department. She is one of the first females in the country to study and practice art professionally. She has been described as a pioneer of modern art in Qatar. Al Essa was born in Bahrain in 1952. After receiving a scholarship from the Qatari government, she traveled to Egypt to attend Helwan University (then known as Cairo University) where she graduated with a BA in applied art in 1974. Al Essa specializes in painting and plastic arts. She was a regular participant in local art exhibitions since 1972. She attended the second Arab Artists' Federation exhibition held in Morocco in 1976, the fifth and sixth exhibitions of Arab artists held in Kuwait, and the Qatari Art Exhibitions held in 1978 in Paris-London and in Tunis in 1979. She joined the Qatari Fine Arts Society shortly after its inception in 1980, and attended their exhibitions held in 1981 and 1982. Her styles are influenced by Qatari folklore and the country's natural history. Her style is also influenced by Islamic art, which is evident in her calligraphic works. Her paintings are typically titled after Qatari folk songs and proverbs, and some of the paintings have a symbiotic theme. In her initial years, her interests in plastic arts were hindered by the conservative views held by Qatari society on the art form. Her art works have been included in official exhibitions held abroad by the emir of Qatar. Her works were put on display in in Doha in 2011. She was one of the two female Qatari artists out of a group of 23 artists who had their works displayed. Her works were later put on permanent display in the museum."], "answer": {"text": "He believed it would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets.", "answer_start": 869}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "answer": {"text": "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1979-80,", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b69ecd8f48724ff0803d70c330560607_1_q#3", "question": "Was it in the Soviet union?", "rewrite": "Was Miracle on Ice exhibitions  in the Soviet union?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The welfare states gave rise to the post-war consensus and the post-war economic boom, where the United States, the Soviet Union and Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained economic growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early predictions, this high growth also included many countries that had been devastated by the war such as Japan (Japanese post-war economic miracle), West Germany and Austria (Wirtschaftswunder), South Korea (Miracle of the Han River), France (Trente Glorieuses), Italy (Italian economic miracle) and Greece (Greek economic miracle). Authoritarian socialism is best understood through an examination of its developmental history, allowing for the analysis and comparison of its various global examples. Although authoritarian socialism was by no means restricted to the Soviet Union, its ideological development occurred in tandem with the Stalinist regimes. As the Soviet Union was a developmental model for many socialist states in the post-World War II era, Soviet authoritarian socialism was adopted by a diverse range of states and continued to develop well into the 20th century in the Middle East and North African regions. These regions, characterized by authoritarian traits such as uncontested party leadership, restricted civil liberties and strong unelected officials with non-democratic influence on policy, share many commonalities with the Soviet Union. Furthermore, most authoritarian socialist states were ideologically Marxist\u2013 Leninist (the state ideology of the Soviet Union that is often referred to as Communism, a specific form of communism that arose in Russia within the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) or one of its variants and revisions such as Maoism, among others. As a result, many that reference to this system\u2014authoritarian socialism and its states\u2014may not call it as such, but nonetheless refer to the concept.", "In 1988, the Soviets beat the United States once again, eliminating them in the semifinals. That game was a turning point in international basketball, as FIBA officials started to realize that amateur rules were extremely unfair. In 1989, NBA players were finally allowed in the Olympics. The 1980 hockey game between the U.S. and USSR was dubbed the \"Miracle on Ice\", when American college players defeated the heavily favored seasoned professionals from the Soviet Union on the way to a gold medal at the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more. Though ice hockey is not a major sport in most areas of the United States, the \"Miracle\" is often listed as one of the all-time greatest American sporting achievements. The U.S. also won the gold medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden along the way. However, since this victory is not as well known as the 1980 win, it has come to be known as the \"Forgotten Miracle\". The U.S. and the Soviet Union next met at the Olympics in 1988. As in 1980, the Soviets were represented by their star-studded veterans, while the Americans fielded a team of college players. The Soviets won the encounter 7\u20135 and went on to win the gold medal, while the U.S. placed seventh. The two teams met again at the 1992 Olympics in a semi-final match. There, the Unified Team (the successor to the Soviet Union) won 5\u20132. While some stars had left the Soviet Union to play in the NHL, the Unified Team still boasted many veterans from their domestic professional league, while the Americans were represented primarily by college players.", "Formed by the decrees of the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on November 9, 1917, five years before the formation of the Soviet Union, the Council of People's Commissars chaired by Vladimir Lenin was the government of the Russian Soviet Republic (since 1918 \u2013 the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic). After the formation of the Soviet Union, the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic coordinated the activities of the Soviet republics that became part of the Soviet Union, actually becoming the first government of the Soviet Union between the signing of the Treaty on the Creation of the Soviet Union on December 29, 1922 and the formation of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union on July 6, 1923. The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union was approved at the 2nd session of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union on July 6, 1923: On July 17, 1923, the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union notified the Central Executive Committees of the Union Republics and their Councils of People's Commissars that the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union had begun to fulfill the tasks entrusted to it. In the Constitution of the Soviet Union of 1924, the Council of People\u2019s Commissars of the Soviet Union was defined as the executive and administrative body of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union, and with the adoption of the Constitution of the Soviet Union of 1936, it received an alternative name \u2013 the Government of the Soviet Union \u2013 and became the highest executive and administrative body management of the Soviet Union.", "Soviet Union national ice hockey team The Soviet national ice hockey team () was the national ice hockey team of the Soviet Union. The team won nearly every world championship and Olympic tournament between 1954 and 1991 and never failed to medal in any International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) tournament they competed in. After 1991, the Soviet team competed as the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics and as the Commonwealth of Independent States at the 1992 World Championship. In 1993, it was replaced by national teams for Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine. The IIHF recognized the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia as the successor to the Soviet Union hockey federation and passed its ranking on to Russia. The other national hockey teams were considered new and sent to compete in Pool C. The IIHF Centennial All-Star Team included four Soviet-Russian players out of a team of six: goalie Vladislav Tretiak, defenseman Vyacheslav Fetisov and forwards Valeri Kharlamov and Sergei Makarov who played for the Soviet teams in the 1970s and the 1980s were selected for the team in 2008. Ice hockey was not properly introduced into the Soviet Union until the 1940s, though bandy, a similar game played on a larger ice field, had long been popular in the country. It was during a tour of FC Dynamo Moscow of the United Kingdom in 1945 that Soviet officials first got the idea of establishing an ice hockey program. They watched several exhibition matches in London, and National Hockey League President Clarence Campbell would later say that \"This was the time when the Russians got the idea for their hockey team. The Russian soccer players were more interested in watching Canadian players play hockey than in soccer. \" The Soviet Championship League was established in 1946, and the national team was formed shortly after, playing their first matches in a series of exhibitions against LTC Praha in 1948.", "The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more. Though ice hockey is not a major sport in most areas of the United States, the \"Miracle\" is often listed as one of the all-time greatest American sporting achievements. The U.S. also won the gold medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden along the way. However, since this victory is not as well known as the 1980 win, it has come to be known as the \"Forgotten Miracle\". The U.S. and the Soviet Union next met at the Olympics in 1988. As in 1980, the Soviets were represented by their star-studded veterans, while the Americans fielded a team of college players. The Soviets won the encounter 7\u20135 and went on to win the gold medal, while the U.S. placed seventh. The two teams met again at the 1992 Olympics in a semi-final match. There, the Unified Team (the successor to the Soviet Union) won 5\u20132. While some stars had left the Soviet Union to play in the NHL, the Unified Team still boasted many veterans from their domestic professional league, while the Americans were represented primarily by college players. The Unified Team eventually won the gold medal, while the U.S. placed fourth. The U.S. and Russia (the successor to the Unified Team) met twice at the 1996 World Cup of Hockey. The Americans won both games 5-2 en route to the tournament championship. The U.S., coached by Herb Brooks, and Russia, coached by Slava Fetisov, met twice in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, which included a 2\u20132 round-robin draw and a 3\u20132 semi-final win for the Americans."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "answer": {"text": "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1979-80,", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the exhibitions held?", "answer": {"text": "He believed it would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets.", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b69ecd8f48724ff0803d70c330560607_1_q#4", "question": "What else did you find interesting?", "rewrite": "What else did you find interesting in addition to Miracle on Ice exhibitions would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The \"Miracle on Ice\", as the game against the Soviets came to be known, was later named as the greatest moment in international hockey history by the IIHF, and the story was later turned into two motion pictures, \"Miracle on Ice\" and \"Miracle\". The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes, so the players of the National Hockey League (NHL) and other professional leagues were not allowed to compete. The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state-sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to allow all athletes to compete in Olympic Games, starting in 1988. The NHL decided not to allow all players to participate in 1988, 1992 or 1994, because doing so would force the league to halt play during the Olympics. An agreement was reached in 1995 that allowed NHL players to compete in the Olympics, starting with the 1998 Games in Nagano, Japan. Since that time, the Americans have won two silver medals, losing both times to Canada in the gold medal game in North America (2002 in Salt Lake City and 2010 in Vancouver). National teams are co-ordinated by USA Hockey and players are chosen by the team's management staff. The United States has won two gold medals, eight silver medals and one bronze medal in men's ice hockey; the Americans have won more silver medals than any other nation. Four players have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, seven into the IIHF Hall of Fame and sixty-two individuals into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In addition, two teams have been inducted into the US Hockey Hall of Fame and the United States Olympic Hall of Fame: the gold medal winning 1960 and 1980 teams. Two players\u2014Chris Chelios and Keith Tkachuk\u2014have played on four teams.", "The Soviets planned to send a team to the 1953 World Championships, but due to an injury to Vsevolod Bobrov, one of their star players, officials decided against going. They would make their debut at the 1954 World Championships instead. Largely unknown to the larger hockey world, the team surprised many by winning the gold medal. Throughout the rest of the 1950s the World Championships were largely contested between Canada and the Soviet Union. That changed in the early 1960s. Canada won the gold in 1961, and after missing the 1962 tournament due to political issues, the Soviets would win the gold medal every year until 1972. They faced perhaps their greatest upset at the 1976 World Championships; in their opening match against host Poland, the Soviets were defeated 6\u20134. In 1972 the Soviets played Canada in an exhibition series that saw the Soviet national team play a team composed of National Hockey League (NHL) players for the first time. Both the Olympics and World Championships did not allow professionals, so the best Canadian players were never able to compete against the Soviets, and in protest at this Canada had left international hockey in 1970. This series, known as the Summit Series, was a chance to see how the NHL players would fare. In eight games (four in Canada, four in the USSR), the teams were close, and it took until the final 34 seconds of the eighth game for Canada to win the series, four games to three, with one tie. At the 1980 Winter Olympics, the Soviets also had one of their most notable losses. Playing the United States in the medal round, the Soviets lost 4\u20133. This match, later dubbed the Miracle on Ice, was notable because it had the Soviets, recognized as the top international team in the world, against an American team composed largely of university-level players.", "Aberdeen Artists Society The Aberdeen Artists Society was founded in 1827, and aims to raise awareness of contemporary visual arts in Aberdeen and the North of Scotland. The Aberdeen Artists' Society was founded in 1827 by local artists associated with Scottish painter James Giles and noted Scottish architect Archibald Simpson. Giles would become the President with Simpson presiding as Vice President. Having organised some exhibitions the society ceased activity at this point, however, by 1885 the society experienced a revival with the establishment of an annual exhibition at Aberdeen Art Gallery. These exhibitions would go on to become the Gallery's main activity until such time that they, themselves, could build up a permanent collection. These regular exhibitions would remain on an annual and bi-annual basis up until 1912 when exhibitions became sporadic. Notably, there were no exhibitions from 1920\u20131922 and again from 1938\u20131957, in 1939, notable artist and engraver Ian Fleming played a key role in the revival of the Society. From the early 1930s the Society listed their clubhouse as being 1 Bon Accord Square, Aberdeen. The main aim of the society was and remains to facilitate \"the Mutual improvement of Painting and the furtherance of Art in general in Aberdeen.\" Despite having re-invented itself many times over the past 187 years the society has resolutely remained true to its original aims, \"the promotion of Art in the NorthEast of Scotland and the placing of Aberdeen as a culturally relevant centre for the arts.\" The Society would establish three main rules:   Today, the society consists of three levels of membership: In total, they boast 540 members. Particles of Light: A History of Aberdeen Artists' Society, 1927-2000 by John Morrison and Ian Baird.", "In 1988, the Soviets beat the United States once again, eliminating them in the semifinals. That game was a turning point in international basketball, as FIBA officials started to realize that amateur rules were extremely unfair. In 1989, NBA players were finally allowed in the Olympics. The 1980 hockey game between the U.S. and USSR was dubbed the \"Miracle on Ice\", when American college players defeated the heavily favored seasoned professionals from the Soviet Union on the way to a gold medal at the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more. Though ice hockey is not a major sport in most areas of the United States, the \"Miracle\" is often listed as one of the all-time greatest American sporting achievements. The U.S. also won the gold medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden along the way. However, since this victory is not as well known as the 1980 win, it has come to be known as the \"Forgotten Miracle\". The U.S. and the Soviet Union next met at the Olympics in 1988. As in 1980, the Soviets were represented by their star-studded veterans, while the Americans fielded a team of college players. The Soviets won the encounter 7\u20135 and went on to win the gold medal, while the U.S. placed seventh. The two teams met again at the 1992 Olympics in a semi-final match. There, the Unified Team (the successor to the Soviet Union) won 5\u20132. While some stars had left the Soviet Union to play in the NHL, the Unified Team still boasted many veterans from their domestic professional league, while the Americans were represented primarily by college players.", "The induction center was closed soon afterward. After the war, it was announced that the New York Coliseum, a new exhibition hall being built across town in Columbus Circle, would replace Grand Central Palace as the city's main exhibition hall. By then, the dilapidated facilities at the Grand Central Palace were repelling potential exhibitors. In 1952, the federal government signed a letter of intent to lease the lowest four floors, at the time being used as exhibition space, and converted them into office space for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). After objections from several exhibition hosts, the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau asked that exhibitions be allowed at the Grand Central Palace until the Coliseum opened in 1956. The federal government initially dropped plans for a lease in February 1953. However, the next month, the federal government signed a lease agreement to convert the four lower floors into of office space. As part of the agreement, shows would continue to be held at the Palace until November 1953, at which point renovations would begin. In the meantime, until the Coliseum opened, exhibitions would be held at the Kingsbridge Armory in the Bronx as well as other armories in Manhattan. The Grand Central Palace's demise started in 1955, when the entire area around the terminal was opened for development in an attempt to net more money for the struggling New York Central Railroad. By 1957, the du Pont estate proposed constructing five office buildings on a three-block site near Grand Central Terminal that included the Palace. In 1963, it was announced that the Grand Central Palace would be demolished to make way for a 47-story office building being designed by Uris Buildings Corporation, which had acquired the leasehold for both the Palace and a nearby building. Demolition started in June 1964. The site of the Palace is now occupied by 245 Park Avenue. The original Grand Central Palace was a six-story brick structure. Its footprint measured and it contained of floor space."], "answer": {"text": "the Soviets crushed the Americans 10-3. Soviet head coach Viktor Tikhonov later said that this victory \"turned out to be a very big problem\"", "answer_start": 94}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "answer": {"text": "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1979-80,", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the exhibitions held?", "answer": {"text": "He believed it would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets.", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it in the Soviet union?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b69ecd8f48724ff0803d70c330560607_1_q#5", "question": "Why was it a problem?", "rewrite": "Why was the Soviets victory who crushed the Americans in the Miracle on Ice exhibitions, a problem?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1988, the Soviets beat the United States once again, eliminating them in the semifinals. That game was a turning point in international basketball, as FIBA officials started to realize that amateur rules were extremely unfair. In 1989, NBA players were finally allowed in the Olympics. The 1980 hockey game between the U.S. and USSR was dubbed the \"Miracle on Ice\", when American college players defeated the heavily favored seasoned professionals from the Soviet Union on the way to a gold medal at the Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more. Though ice hockey is not a major sport in most areas of the United States, the \"Miracle\" is often listed as one of the all-time greatest American sporting achievements. The U.S. also won the gold medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden along the way. However, since this victory is not as well known as the 1980 win, it has come to be known as the \"Forgotten Miracle\". The U.S. and the Soviet Union next met at the Olympics in 1988. As in 1980, the Soviets were represented by their star-studded veterans, while the Americans fielded a team of college players. The Soviets won the encounter 7\u20135 and went on to win the gold medal, while the U.S. placed seventh. The two teams met again at the 1992 Olympics in a semi-final match. There, the Unified Team (the successor to the Soviet Union) won 5\u20132. While some stars had left the Soviet Union to play in the NHL, the Unified Team still boasted many veterans from their domestic professional league, while the Americans were represented primarily by college players.", "In the last exhibition game against the Soviets at Madison Square Garden on February 9, 1980, the Soviets crushed the Americans 10-3. Soviet head coach Viktor Tikhonov later said that this victory \"turned out to be a very big problem\" by causing the Soviets to underestimate the American team. The game was also costly for the Americans off-ice, as defenseman Jack O'Callahan pulled a ligament in his knee; however, Brooks kept O'Callahan on the roster which meant virtually playing with only 19 players throughout the tournament. O'Callahan would eventually return for the game against the Soviets playing limited minutes.", "Arden-Arcade is one of the most economically and ethnically diverse communities in the Sacramento region. There are neighborhoods along the American River and the American River Parkway with million-dollar homes, including Wilhaggin, Sierra Oaks, Sierra Oaks Vista, Arden Park, Arden Oaks, and areas surrounding the Del Paso Country Club. There are also amazing mid century neighborhoods that encompass the majority of Arden Arcade. Most if not all of these community neighborhoods were built immediately after WW2, some by award-winning architects and developers, Jere Strizek, Streng Brothers and Randolph Parks. Other community wide buildings of note are our mid century modern designed businesses, including our 1961 Country Club Lanes (Powers, Daley and DeRosa), Sam's Hof Brau, (one of the few remaining original German Hof Brau Deli's still in operation), the AT&T building (Hertzka and Knowels architects 1963), an original IHOP restaurant building (Nims and Koch architects 1963), now Guaribaldi's, Weinstocks Lubin (Charles Luckman 1961) at Country Club Center, Emigh Hardware, and many many more. Modern Arden Arcade was completely built out between the years 1945-1965, the prime mid century period in architecture. El Camino and Watt Avenues, where these buildings reside today, were commonly referred to by the community as Downtown Arden Arcade, and in many respects, remains so even today. A new California governor's mansion built for Ronald Reagan was in Arden-Arcade in 1984 and was sold in 2004 and is a private residence. Governors George Deukmejian, Pete Wilson, and Gray Davis each occupied the house on Lake Wilhaggin Drive in the Wilhaggin area.", "The Soviet Union had won the gold medal in five of the six previous Winter Olympic Games, and were the favorites to win once more. Though ice hockey is not a major sport in most areas of the United States, the \"Miracle\" is often listed as one of the all-time greatest American sporting achievements. The U.S. also won the gold medal in the 1960 Games at Squaw Valley, California, defeating the Soviet Union, Canada, Czechoslovakia, and Sweden along the way. However, since this victory is not as well known as the 1980 win, it has come to be known as the \"Forgotten Miracle\". The U.S. and the Soviet Union next met at the Olympics in 1988. As in 1980, the Soviets were represented by their star-studded veterans, while the Americans fielded a team of college players. The Soviets won the encounter 7\u20135 and went on to win the gold medal, while the U.S. placed seventh. The two teams met again at the 1992 Olympics in a semi-final match. There, the Unified Team (the successor to the Soviet Union) won 5\u20132. While some stars had left the Soviet Union to play in the NHL, the Unified Team still boasted many veterans from their domestic professional league, while the Americans were represented primarily by college players. The Unified Team eventually won the gold medal, while the U.S. placed fourth. The U.S. and Russia (the successor to the Unified Team) met twice at the 1996 World Cup of Hockey. The Americans won both games 5-2 en route to the tournament championship. The U.S., coached by Herb Brooks, and Russia, coached by Slava Fetisov, met twice in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, which included a 2\u20132 round-robin draw and a 3\u20132 semi-final win for the Americans.", "The first period finished tied at 2\u20132, and the Soviets lead 3\u20132 following the second. The U.S. team scored two more goals to take their first lead during the third and final period, winning the game 4\u20133. Following the game, the U.S. went on to clinch the gold medal by beating Finland in the final. The Soviet Union took the silver medal by beating Sweden. The victory became one of the most iconic moments of the Games and in U.S. sports. Equally well-known was the television call of the final seconds of the game by Al Michaels for ABC, in which he declared: \"Do you believe in miracles?! YES!\" In 1999, \"Sports Illustrated\" named the \"Miracle on Ice\" the top sports moment of the 20th century. As part of its centennial celebration in 2008, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) named the \"Miracle on Ice\" as the best international ice hockey story of the past 100 years. At the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union won its sixth gold medal. Czechoslovakia and Sweden won the silver and bronze medals. The 1988 Winter Olympics were held in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, where the Soviet team captured its seventh and final gold medal. The Soviets' last Olympic game was a loss to Finland. The Finnish team was not considered a serious medal contender\u2014it had competed in the World Championships since 1939 and had not won a single medal. However, Finland upset the Soviets 2\u20131 and won silver. The IIHF decided to change the tournament format because in several cases, the gold medal winner had been decided before the final day of play. During a congress in 1990, the IIHF introduced a playoff system. The new system was used at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France."], "answer": {"text": "\" by causing the Soviets to underestimate the American team.", "answer_start": 233}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "answer": {"text": "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1979-80,", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the exhibitions held?", "answer": {"text": "He believed it would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets.", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it in the Soviet union?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "the Soviets crushed the Americans 10-3. Soviet head coach Viktor Tikhonov later said that this victory \"turned out to be a very big problem\"", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b69ecd8f48724ff0803d70c330560607_1_q#6", "question": "What else did you find interesting about this section?", "rewrite": "What did you find interesting about Miracle on Ice exhibitions besides it would be the only way for the American National Hockey League (NHL) teams to compete with the Soviet club teams?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["National Hockey League The National Hockey League (NHL; ) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada. The NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season. The National Hockey League was organized on November 26, 1917, at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal after the suspension of operations of its predecessor organization, the National Hockey Association (NHA), which had been founded in 1909 in Renfrew, Ontario. The NHL immediately took the NHA's place as one of the leagues that contested for the Stanley Cup in an annual interleague competition before a series of league mergers and folds left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Stanley Cup in 1926. At its inception, the NHL had four teams\u2014all in Canada, thus the adjective \"National\" in the league's name. The league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. From 1942 to 1967, the league had only six teams, collectively (if not contemporaneously) nicknamed the \"Original Six\". The NHL added six new teams to double its size at the 1967 NHL expansion. The league then increased to 18 teams by 1974 and 21 teams in 1979. Between 1991 and 2000, the NHL further expanded to 30 teams. It added its 31st team in 2017 and has approved the addition of a 32nd team in 2021. The league's headquarters have been in New York City since 1989 when the head office moved there from Montreal.", "Victoria Cup (ice hockey) The Victoria Cup was a game or series of games played between professional ice hockey teams from Europe and the North American National Hockey League (NHL). The event was held twice, in 2008 and 2009. The Victoria Cup was announced in 2007 as one of the highlight events to celebrate 2008, the 100th anniversary of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The Victoria cup is so named to commemorate the first recorded organised indoor ice hockey game, played in 1875 at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In the two editions of the event held so far, different criteria were used to choose the competing teams. One challenger, from Europe, was the winner of the IIHF European Champions Cup (in the 2008 Victoria Cup) and then the Champions Hockey League (2009 edition). The other, from North America, was chosen by the National Hockey League head office from among the teams that open their NHL season with games in Europe. The IIHF publicly stated their wish to have the NHL champion (winner of the Stanley Cup) represent the NHL but the NHL did not agree to that proposal, though the Chicago Blackhawks who challenged for the Victoria Cup in 2009 would go on to win the Stanley Cup later that season. On October 1, 2008, the first Victoria Cup was awarded to the New York Rangers, winners by a score of 4-3 of a single game playoff against the Metallurg Magnitogorsk, winners of the 2008 European Champions Cup played at the PostFinance Arena in Bern, Switzerland. The game was played under IIHF rules. Referees were split between the NHL and the IIHF. The match was preceded by an exhibition game on September 30, 2008, between host SC Bern and the New York Rangers, won by the Rangers. This was the first time a Swiss club played against an NHL team.", "Super Series '76 Super Series '76 was the first of the \"Super Series\" ice hockey exhibitions, which saw club teams from Soviet Championship League touring North America to play against teams from the National Hockey League (NHL). The games were played in late December 1975 through the early part of January 1976, in the middle of the regular schedules of the NHL and Soviet league. The series was groundbreaking in that Soviet club teams had never played against NHL teams. The games, like the subsequent Canada Cup Tournaments which also began in 1976, were not treated like exhibitions. The 1976 games were a veritable \"clash of hockey titans\", as they involved the best teams of each league including the reigning Soviet champions, HC CSKA Moscow, also called \"The Red Army Club\" in English, and Krylya Sovetov Moscow (also known as \"Soviet Wings\"). As well the NHL teams involved included the two-time defending Stanley Cup champion Philadelphia Flyers and soon-to-be 1976 champion Montreal Canadiens. Both Soviet teams were supplemented by other All Stars from their league. In the early games Red Army trounced the New York Rangers 7-3, while Soviet Wings defeated the Pittsburgh Penguins 7-4. On New Year's Eve 1975, the Red Army was scheduled to play the Montreal Canadiens. The Red Army was the most dominant team in the Soviet League, while the Canadiens were the best team in the NHL as they would go on to win the Stanley Cup later that year. The game resulted in a 3-3 tie in a contest being notable for the performance of the Red Army's Vladislav Tretiak in net despite his team being outshot 38-13. The series continued with the Buffalo Sabres dominating the Soviet Wings, winning 12-6, their only defeat in the series and the Wings coming back to beat the Chicago Black Hawks.", "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams, and a year earlier, the Soviet national team had routed the NHL All-Stars 6-0 to win the Challenge Cup. In 1979-80, virtually all the top North American players were Canadians, although the number of U.S.-born professional players had been on the rise throughout the 1970s. The 1980 U.S. Olympic team featured several young players who were regarded as highly promising, and some had signed contracts to play in the NHL immediately after the tournament. In September 1979, before the Olympics, the American team started exhibition play. They played a total of 61 games in five months against teams from Europe and America. Through these games, Herb Brooks instilled a European style of play in the American team, emphasizing wide open play with sufficient body contact. He believed it would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets. From the start of the exhibitions, he conducted the team through skating windsprints consisting of end line to blue line and back, then end line to red line and back, then end line to far blue line and back, and finally end line all the way down and back. Some of the players took to calling these Herbies. On September 17, 1979, the team played to a 3-3 tie in Norway. Brooks had them skate Herbies after the game, and after a while, the lights were turned off by custodians and the practice continued in the dark. Near the end of the exhibition season, although he had supported them throughout, Brooks threatened because of subpar play to cut Eruzione (the captain) and replace Craig as the starting goalie with Steve Janaszak.", "List of international ice hockey competitions featuring NHL players The following is a list of international ice hockey competitions where National Hockey League players have been able to participate. Most of these competitions were arranged by the NHL or NHLPA. The Summit Series was an eight-game challenge series between the Soviet National Team and a Canadian professional team. In the 1972 Summit Series, the Canadian team was made up of NHL hockey players. No World Hockey Association players were included in the event. Two years later, Canadian WHA players competed in the 1974 Summit Series and were defeated by the Soviets. There were however, some former NHLers playing for the WHA in the series. The Super Series were exhibition games between Soviet teams and NHL teams that took place on each NHL opponents' home ice in North America from 1976 to 1991. The Soviet teams were usually club teams from the Soviet hockey league. The exception was in 1983, when the Soviet National Team represented the Soviet Union. Soviet teams won 14 series, NHL teams won 2 series, and 2 series were tied. In the following summary the winner of a series is in bold. The Canada Cup tournament was a major international invitational competition for NHL players before the advent of the World Cup. In the 1976 and 1991 Canada Cups, the Soviet Union teams were missing many of their top players due to personal and political reasons. In 1987, two matches were held between the USSR and NHL All Stars in Quebec City, Canada in place of the annual \"NHL All Star Game\". Each team won one game and the soviets won on aggregate score 8-7. During the 1994\u201395 NHL lockout the \"Ninety Nine All Stars Tour\" was created by Wayne Gretzky and some of his personal friends, who formed a team and toured Europe for a total of eight games against mainly European competition, and playing games in five different countries. In 1996, the World Cup of Hockey replaced the Canada Cup."], "answer": {"text": "The game was also costly for the Americans off-ice, as defenseman Jack O'Callahan pulled a ligament in his knee;", "answer_start": 294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What type of Miracle on Ice exhibitions were there?", "answer": {"text": "In exhibitions that year, Soviet club teams went 5-3-1 against National Hockey League (NHL) teams,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was that?", "answer": {"text": "In 1979-80,", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where were the exhibitions held?", "answer": {"text": "He believed it would be the only way for the Americans to compete with the Soviets.", "answer_start": 869, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it in the Soviet union?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "the Soviets crushed the Americans 10-3. Soviet head coach Viktor Tikhonov later said that this victory \"turned out to be a very big problem\"", "answer_start": 94, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why was it a problem?", "answer": {"text": "\" by causing the Soviets to underestimate the American team.", "answer_start": 233, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_8bb5f1f4d772489c8b045253cf6bea60_0_q#0", "question": "What is Fallen Empires?", "rewrite": "What is Fallen Empires?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Fallen Empires\" was the last set produced only in English although the two previous sets, \"Legends\" and \"The Dark\" had already been produced in Italian. Its successor, \"\" was available in six languages. Due to a printing error a small number of cards from \"Fallen Empires\" were printed with \"Wyvern\" backs when that game was manufactured at the same factory. These were distributed in Wyvern starters and have an exceptionally high value on the secondary market relative to other \"Fallen Empire\" cards. \"Fallen Empires\" introduced a tribal theme that would later be revisited in \"\". Each color had two main creature types, as well as cards that benefit from controlling creatures of those types. Another theme introduced was internal strife within each color. Each color had two major tribes, one of the rulers, and another lesser or enslaved force; the lesser force rebels against or escapes control of the old rulers in each storyline, causing their collapse - hence, the Fallen Empires. A number of Fallen Empires cards also made heavy usage of counters and tokens. Ice Age was the sixth \"Magic: The Gathering\" expansion set, released in June 1995. \"Ice Age\" was the beginning of the \"block\" paradigm for \"Magic\", as the \"Alliances\" set released in 1996 continues the story of \"Ice Age\". Chronicles was the first compilation set of \"Magic: The Gathering\", released in July 1995. The set is one of two sets that have been sold in twelve-card booster packs, the other having been \"\". The set remains somewhat unusual, as \"Chronicles\" introduced no new cards, but solely reprinted cards from \"Arabian Nights\", \"Antiquities\", \"Legends\", and \"The Dark\". These reprints kept the original set's symbol as well, rather than using a \"Chronicles\" specific symbol.", "Fallen Empires (album) Fallen Empires is the sixth studio album by Northern Irish-Scottish rock band Snow Patrol. The album was released on 11 November 2011 (10 January 2012 in North America). The album became the first to feature future member Johnny McDaid, who was credited as guest musician and songwriter in the album liner notes, and would officially join the band following the tour. It is also the last album to feature keyboardist Tom Simpson, who would later depart the band in 2013. American singer Lissie provided additional vocals for six songs on the album (\"I'll Never Let Go\", \"The Weight of Love\", \"The Garden Rules\", \"Fallen Empires\", \"Berlin\", and \"Those Distant Bells\"). When asked about the writing process for the album, Gary Lightbody commented by saying \"It's the longest album we've ever made by far but also the best. We took our time and I also had some bouts of writer's block. It's the first time it's happened for such a long time. I've had days when I haven't been able to write. Since 2009, I've gone through three writer's blocks but I'm glad because the results are great afterwards. They probably made me write better songs.\" Snow Patrol planned a \"Fallen Empires tour\" in 2012 with the first date being at the O2 in Dublin. The song \"New York\" can be heard at the end of \"Suddenly\" (Season 8 Episode 10) of \"Grey's Anatomy\". The song is also played in \"After School Special\" (Season 4 Episode 10) of \"The Vampire Diaries\". \"Fallen Empires\" received mixed reviews from critics.", "However, it did utilize several themes that would be used later on in \"Magic\" sets, especially the payment of life to activate abilities. \"The Dark\" has a reputation for having a somewhat weak power level compared to earlier sets, and slowed the speed of the game down. Initial problems with powerful cards in earlier sets had led \"Magic\" designers to more closely tune cards for balance. Fallen Empires was the fifth \"Magic: The Gathering\" expansion set, released in November 1994. Out of the set of 187 cards, 102 were functionally unique, with the remainder being variant illustrations of other cards in the set. The mechanics of \"Fallen Empires\" include a tribal subtheme and heavy use of counters and tokens. Thematically the set experiments with conflict within the colors. The expansion symbol for the set is a crown. Similar to \"The Dark\", \"Fallen Empires\" is widely regarded as an overall weak set in power level. The set \"with mixed reviews from players, and controversy over the set's effectiveness still rages on. \" The set's large printing meant the individual price of each card on the secondary market was comparatively inexpensive, fueling perceptions of a weak power level. Still, the set has its proponents, who note its strong flavor and good commons. Richard Garfield described it at the time as \"easily the most complicated and best-looking of the expansions. The play value is high for the complexity, and the cards are very valuable for play. The flavor is probably the most cohesive since \"Arabian Nights\". This expansion is easily my favorite.\" \"Fallen Empires\" takes place on the continent of Sarpadia after the Brothers' War in \"Antiquities\".", "Each of the major cultures on Sarpadia is confronted with internal threats caused by the cooling weather: the dwarves are attacked by orcs and goblins; the Vodalian merfolk face the homarid menace; the elves of the forest struggle to contain the fungus-like ; the proud soldiers of Icatia confront opposition from religious zealots; and the dark Order of the Ebon Hand fights a revolt. The storyline of \"Fallen Empires\" is continued in the \"\" set. \"Fallen Empires\" was released in November 1994. It was sold in boosters of eight cards with a box of boosters containing sixty booster packs. Each booster contained two cards from the uncommon and six from the common sheet. Of the cards from the uncommon sheet 36 were functionally rares (U1) and appeared once on the uncommon sheet. They were three times as rare as most other uncommons. The remaining uncommons were 25 U3 and 5 U2 cards. Of the common cards each is equally common if each card with a unique artwork is counted as an individual card. Counting only functionally unique cards there were 15 common cards that appeared in four versions and 20 that appeared in three versions. There was also one common, Delif's Cone, that had only one version, making it just as rare as an U3 uncommon. Because previous sets were underprinted, often making them unavailable very quickly after they went on sale, more \"Fallen Empires\" cards were printed than any previous set. Wizards of the Coast announced the print run of \"Fallen Empires\" to be 350-375 million cards compared to 75 million for its predecessor, \"The Dark\". Booster packs were thus available until 1998 despite the fact that Wizards stopped shipping cards in January 1995.", "Snow Patrol said they would enter its \"next phase\" with their sixth album. The band took a new musical direction, and Connolly advised fans to keep an open mind regarding the new material. On 12 January 2011, Lightbody launched a blog to give details about the progress of the next release from the band. Snow Patrol released the single \"Called Out in the Dark\" (remixed by Fatboy Slim) for radio airplay on Thursday 21 July 2011 on BBC Radio 1 on Zane Lowe's radio show. According to official sources, the single itself would be released independently and as part of an EP later on and the UK release date was said to be 4 September. More details on the EP were announced on 3 August, when the group's website revealed the artwork and track list contents. Along with the new single, the release contained three new tracks entitled \"My Brothers\", \"I'm Ready\", and \"Fallen Empires\". In addition, it was revealed that the EP was intended to be a digital release limited to the UK and Ireland. Shortly after the premiere of the new lead single, the quintet's official website confirmed the news that the name of the new album would be Fallen Empires. Fallen Empires was released on 14 November 2011 in the UK and was launched at O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire. Singer-songwriter Johnny McDaid joined the band during the recording of the album. The second single from Fallen Empires was \"This Isn't Everything You Are\", released on 13 November 2011."], "answer": {"text": "Shortly after the premiere of the new lead single, the quintet's official website confirmed the news that the name of the new album would be Fallen Empires.", "answer_start": 991}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8bb5f1f4d772489c8b045253cf6bea60_0_q#1", "question": "Was this album popular?", "rewrite": "Was Fallen Empires popular?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Fallen Empires\" was the last set produced only in English although the two previous sets, \"Legends\" and \"The Dark\" had already been produced in Italian. Its successor, \"\" was available in six languages. Due to a printing error a small number of cards from \"Fallen Empires\" were printed with \"Wyvern\" backs when that game was manufactured at the same factory. These were distributed in Wyvern starters and have an exceptionally high value on the secondary market relative to other \"Fallen Empire\" cards. \"Fallen Empires\" introduced a tribal theme that would later be revisited in \"\". Each color had two main creature types, as well as cards that benefit from controlling creatures of those types. Another theme introduced was internal strife within each color. Each color had two major tribes, one of the rulers, and another lesser or enslaved force; the lesser force rebels against or escapes control of the old rulers in each storyline, causing their collapse - hence, the Fallen Empires. A number of Fallen Empires cards also made heavy usage of counters and tokens. Ice Age was the sixth \"Magic: The Gathering\" expansion set, released in June 1995. \"Ice Age\" was the beginning of the \"block\" paradigm for \"Magic\", as the \"Alliances\" set released in 1996 continues the story of \"Ice Age\". Chronicles was the first compilation set of \"Magic: The Gathering\", released in July 1995. The set is one of two sets that have been sold in twelve-card booster packs, the other having been \"\". The set remains somewhat unusual, as \"Chronicles\" introduced no new cards, but solely reprinted cards from \"Arabian Nights\", \"Antiquities\", \"Legends\", and \"The Dark\". These reprints kept the original set's symbol as well, rather than using a \"Chronicles\" specific symbol.", "However, it did utilize several themes that would be used later on in \"Magic\" sets, especially the payment of life to activate abilities. \"The Dark\" has a reputation for having a somewhat weak power level compared to earlier sets, and slowed the speed of the game down. Initial problems with powerful cards in earlier sets had led \"Magic\" designers to more closely tune cards for balance. Fallen Empires was the fifth \"Magic: The Gathering\" expansion set, released in November 1994. Out of the set of 187 cards, 102 were functionally unique, with the remainder being variant illustrations of other cards in the set. The mechanics of \"Fallen Empires\" include a tribal subtheme and heavy use of counters and tokens. Thematically the set experiments with conflict within the colors. The expansion symbol for the set is a crown. Similar to \"The Dark\", \"Fallen Empires\" is widely regarded as an overall weak set in power level. The set \"with mixed reviews from players, and controversy over the set's effectiveness still rages on. \" The set's large printing meant the individual price of each card on the secondary market was comparatively inexpensive, fueling perceptions of a weak power level. Still, the set has its proponents, who note its strong flavor and good commons. Richard Garfield described it at the time as \"easily the most complicated and best-looking of the expansions. The play value is high for the complexity, and the cards are very valuable for play. The flavor is probably the most cohesive since \"Arabian Nights\". This expansion is easily my favorite.\" \"Fallen Empires\" takes place on the continent of Sarpadia after the Brothers' War in \"Antiquities\".", "Snow Patrol said they would enter its \"next phase\" with their sixth album. The band took a new musical direction, and Connolly advised fans to keep an open mind regarding the new material. On 12 January 2011, Lightbody launched a blog to give details about the progress of the next release from the band. Snow Patrol released the single \"Called Out in the Dark\" (remixed by Fatboy Slim) for radio airplay on Thursday 21 July 2011 on BBC Radio 1 on Zane Lowe's radio show. According to official sources, the single itself would be released independently and as part of an EP later on and the UK release date was said to be 4 September. More details on the EP were announced on 3 August, when the group's website revealed the artwork and track list contents. Along with the new single, the release contained three new tracks entitled \"My Brothers\", \"I'm Ready\", and \"Fallen Empires\". In addition, it was revealed that the EP was intended to be a digital release limited to the UK and Ireland. Shortly after the premiere of the new lead single, the quintet's official website confirmed the news that the name of the new album would be Fallen Empires. Fallen Empires was released on 14 November 2011 in the UK and was launched at O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire. Singer-songwriter Johnny McDaid joined the band during the recording of the album. The second single from Fallen Empires was \"This Isn't Everything You Are\", released on 13 November 2011.", "Fallen Empires (album) Fallen Empires is the sixth studio album by Northern Irish-Scottish rock band Snow Patrol. The album was released on 11 November 2011 (10 January 2012 in North America). The album became the first to feature future member Johnny McDaid, who was credited as guest musician and songwriter in the album liner notes, and would officially join the band following the tour. It is also the last album to feature keyboardist Tom Simpson, who would later depart the band in 2013. American singer Lissie provided additional vocals for six songs on the album (\"I'll Never Let Go\", \"The Weight of Love\", \"The Garden Rules\", \"Fallen Empires\", \"Berlin\", and \"Those Distant Bells\"). When asked about the writing process for the album, Gary Lightbody commented by saying \"It's the longest album we've ever made by far but also the best. We took our time and I also had some bouts of writer's block. It's the first time it's happened for such a long time. I've had days when I haven't been able to write. Since 2009, I've gone through three writer's blocks but I'm glad because the results are great afterwards. They probably made me write better songs.\" Snow Patrol planned a \"Fallen Empires tour\" in 2012 with the first date being at the O2 in Dublin. The song \"New York\" can be heard at the end of \"Suddenly\" (Season 8 Episode 10) of \"Grey's Anatomy\". The song is also played in \"After School Special\" (Season 4 Episode 10) of \"The Vampire Diaries\". \"Fallen Empires\" received mixed reviews from critics.", "Each of the major cultures on Sarpadia is confronted with internal threats caused by the cooling weather: the dwarves are attacked by orcs and goblins; the Vodalian merfolk face the homarid menace; the elves of the forest struggle to contain the fungus-like ; the proud soldiers of Icatia confront opposition from religious zealots; and the dark Order of the Ebon Hand fights a revolt. The storyline of \"Fallen Empires\" is continued in the \"\" set. \"Fallen Empires\" was released in November 1994. It was sold in boosters of eight cards with a box of boosters containing sixty booster packs. Each booster contained two cards from the uncommon and six from the common sheet. Of the cards from the uncommon sheet 36 were functionally rares (U1) and appeared once on the uncommon sheet. They were three times as rare as most other uncommons. The remaining uncommons were 25 U3 and 5 U2 cards. Of the common cards each is equally common if each card with a unique artwork is counted as an individual card. Counting only functionally unique cards there were 15 common cards that appeared in four versions and 20 that appeared in three versions. There was also one common, Delif's Cone, that had only one version, making it just as rare as an U3 uncommon. Because previous sets were underprinted, often making them unavailable very quickly after they went on sale, more \"Fallen Empires\" cards were printed than any previous set. Wizards of the Coast announced the print run of \"Fallen Empires\" to be 350-375 million cards compared to 75 million for its predecessor, \"The Dark\". Booster packs were thus available until 1998 despite the fact that Wizards stopped shipping cards in January 1995."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fallen Empires?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly after the premiere of the new lead single, the quintet's official website confirmed the news that the name of the new album would be Fallen Empires.", "answer_start": 991, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8bb5f1f4d772489c8b045253cf6bea60_0_q#2", "question": "What songs were on the album?", "rewrite": "What songs were on Fallen Empires?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Snow Patrol said they would enter its \"next phase\" with their sixth album. The band took a new musical direction, and Connolly advised fans to keep an open mind regarding the new material. On 12 January 2011, Lightbody launched a blog to give details about the progress of the next release from the band. Snow Patrol released the single \"Called Out in the Dark\" (remixed by Fatboy Slim) for radio airplay on Thursday 21 July 2011 on BBC Radio 1 on Zane Lowe's radio show. According to official sources, the single itself would be released independently and as part of an EP later on and the UK release date was said to be 4 September. More details on the EP were announced on 3 August, when the group's website revealed the artwork and track list contents. Along with the new single, the release contained three new tracks entitled \"My Brothers\", \"I'm Ready\", and \"Fallen Empires\". In addition, it was revealed that the EP was intended to be a digital release limited to the UK and Ireland. Shortly after the premiere of the new lead single, the quintet's official website confirmed the news that the name of the new album would be Fallen Empires. Fallen Empires was released on 14 November 2011 in the UK and was launched at O2 Shepherd's Bush Empire. Singer-songwriter Johnny McDaid joined the band during the recording of the album. The second single from Fallen Empires was \"This Isn't Everything You Are\", released on 13 November 2011.", "Each of the major cultures on Sarpadia is confronted with internal threats caused by the cooling weather: the dwarves are attacked by orcs and goblins; the Vodalian merfolk face the homarid menace; the elves of the forest struggle to contain the fungus-like ; the proud soldiers of Icatia confront opposition from religious zealots; and the dark Order of the Ebon Hand fights a revolt. The storyline of \"Fallen Empires\" is continued in the \"\" set. \"Fallen Empires\" was released in November 1994. It was sold in boosters of eight cards with a box of boosters containing sixty booster packs. Each booster contained two cards from the uncommon and six from the common sheet. Of the cards from the uncommon sheet 36 were functionally rares (U1) and appeared once on the uncommon sheet. They were three times as rare as most other uncommons. The remaining uncommons were 25 U3 and 5 U2 cards. Of the common cards each is equally common if each card with a unique artwork is counted as an individual card. Counting only functionally unique cards there were 15 common cards that appeared in four versions and 20 that appeared in three versions. There was also one common, Delif's Cone, that had only one version, making it just as rare as an U3 uncommon. Because previous sets were underprinted, often making them unavailable very quickly after they went on sale, more \"Fallen Empires\" cards were printed than any previous set. Wizards of the Coast announced the print run of \"Fallen Empires\" to be 350-375 million cards compared to 75 million for its predecessor, \"The Dark\". Booster packs were thus available until 1998 despite the fact that Wizards stopped shipping cards in January 1995.", "\"Fallen Empires\" was the last set produced only in English although the two previous sets, \"Legends\" and \"The Dark\" had already been produced in Italian. Its successor, \"\" was available in six languages. Due to a printing error a small number of cards from \"Fallen Empires\" were printed with \"Wyvern\" backs when that game was manufactured at the same factory. These were distributed in Wyvern starters and have an exceptionally high value on the secondary market relative to other \"Fallen Empire\" cards. \"Fallen Empires\" introduced a tribal theme that would later be revisited in \"\". Each color had two main creature types, as well as cards that benefit from controlling creatures of those types. Another theme introduced was internal strife within each color. Each color had two major tribes, one of the rulers, and another lesser or enslaved force; the lesser force rebels against or escapes control of the old rulers in each storyline, causing their collapse - hence, the Fallen Empires. A number of Fallen Empires cards also made heavy usage of counters and tokens. Ice Age was the sixth \"Magic: The Gathering\" expansion set, released in June 1995. \"Ice Age\" was the beginning of the \"block\" paradigm for \"Magic\", as the \"Alliances\" set released in 1996 continues the story of \"Ice Age\". Chronicles was the first compilation set of \"Magic: The Gathering\", released in July 1995. The set is one of two sets that have been sold in twelve-card booster packs, the other having been \"\". The set remains somewhat unusual, as \"Chronicles\" introduced no new cards, but solely reprinted cards from \"Arabian Nights\", \"Antiquities\", \"Legends\", and \"The Dark\". These reprints kept the original set's symbol as well, rather than using a \"Chronicles\" specific symbol.", "However, it did utilize several themes that would be used later on in \"Magic\" sets, especially the payment of life to activate abilities. \"The Dark\" has a reputation for having a somewhat weak power level compared to earlier sets, and slowed the speed of the game down. Initial problems with powerful cards in earlier sets had led \"Magic\" designers to more closely tune cards for balance. Fallen Empires was the fifth \"Magic: The Gathering\" expansion set, released in November 1994. Out of the set of 187 cards, 102 were functionally unique, with the remainder being variant illustrations of other cards in the set. The mechanics of \"Fallen Empires\" include a tribal subtheme and heavy use of counters and tokens. Thematically the set experiments with conflict within the colors. The expansion symbol for the set is a crown. Similar to \"The Dark\", \"Fallen Empires\" is widely regarded as an overall weak set in power level. The set \"with mixed reviews from players, and controversy over the set's effectiveness still rages on. \" The set's large printing meant the individual price of each card on the secondary market was comparatively inexpensive, fueling perceptions of a weak power level. Still, the set has its proponents, who note its strong flavor and good commons. Richard Garfield described it at the time as \"easily the most complicated and best-looking of the expansions. The play value is high for the complexity, and the cards are very valuable for play. The flavor is probably the most cohesive since \"Arabian Nights\". This expansion is easily my favorite.\" \"Fallen Empires\" takes place on the continent of Sarpadia after the Brothers' War in \"Antiquities\".", "Fallen Empires (album) Fallen Empires is the sixth studio album by Northern Irish-Scottish rock band Snow Patrol. The album was released on 11 November 2011 (10 January 2012 in North America). The album became the first to feature future member Johnny McDaid, who was credited as guest musician and songwriter in the album liner notes, and would officially join the band following the tour. It is also the last album to feature keyboardist Tom Simpson, who would later depart the band in 2013. American singer Lissie provided additional vocals for six songs on the album (\"I'll Never Let Go\", \"The Weight of Love\", \"The Garden Rules\", \"Fallen Empires\", \"Berlin\", and \"Those Distant Bells\"). When asked about the writing process for the album, Gary Lightbody commented by saying \"It's the longest album we've ever made by far but also the best. We took our time and I also had some bouts of writer's block. It's the first time it's happened for such a long time. I've had days when I haven't been able to write. Since 2009, I've gone through three writer's blocks but I'm glad because the results are great afterwards. They probably made me write better songs.\" Snow Patrol planned a \"Fallen Empires tour\" in 2012 with the first date being at the O2 in Dublin. The song \"New York\" can be heard at the end of \"Suddenly\" (Season 8 Episode 10) of \"Grey's Anatomy\". The song is also played in \"After School Special\" (Season 4 Episode 10) of \"The Vampire Diaries\". \"Fallen Empires\" received mixed reviews from critics."], "answer": {"text": "Snow Patrol released the single \"Called Out in the Dark\" (remixed by Fatboy Slim) for radio airplay on Thursday 21 July 2011", "answer_start": 305}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fallen Empires?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly after the premiere of the new lead single, the quintet's official website confirmed the news that the name of the new album would be Fallen Empires.", "answer_start": 991, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8bb5f1f4d772489c8b045253cf6bea60_0_q#3", "question": "Did this top the charts?", "rewrite": "Did the single \"Called Out in the Dark\" top the charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Subsequently, CIN sought to develop new marketing opportunities and sponsorship deals; these included premium-rate fax and telephone services and the chart newsletters \"Charts+Plus\" (published from May 1991 to November 1994) and \"Hit Music\" (published from September 1992 to May 2001). Beginning in May 1991 \"Charts+Plus\" featured singles charts with positions 76\u2013200 (plus artist albums positions 76\u2013150, Top 50 compilations, and several genre and format charts). In September 1992, a second newsletter was created: \"Hit Music\", a sister publication of \"Music Week\" featuring (among other charts) the singles Top 75 and a revived \"Next 25\". In November 1994, \"Charts+Plus\" ceased publication; \"Hit Music\" expanded its chart coverage to an uncompressed (without special rules) Top 200 Singles, Top 150 Artists Albums and Top 50 Compilations. In November 1996, the Artist Albums chart extended to a Top 200. \" Hit Music\" ceased publication in May 2001 with issue number 439. In February 1997, CIN and BARD agreed to a new 18-month deal for the charts. In 1998 the CSC agreed to new rules reducing the number of tracks on a single from four to three, playing time from 25 minutes to 20 and the compact disc single minimum dealer price to \u00a31.79. This particularly affected the dance music industry which had previously released CD's full of remixes, with some labels having to edit or fade out remixes early in order to fit them on a CD single. On 1 July 1998, BARD and BPI took over management of the chart from the CIN (a Miller Freeman and BPI venture) with new company Music Industry Chart Services (Mics); however, in August they decided to return to compiling the charts under the name CIN.", "ARIA Charts The ARIA Charts are the main Australian music sales charts, issued weekly by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The charts are a record of the highest selling songs and albums in various genres in Australia. ARIA became the official Australian music chart in June 1988, succeeding the Kent Music Report which had been Australia's national charts since 1974. The \"Go-Set\" charts were Australia's first national singles and albums charts, published from 5 October 1966 until 24 August 1974. Succeeding \"Go-Set\", the Kent Music Report began issuing the national top 100 charts in Australia from May 1974. The compiler, David Kent, also published Australia's national charts from 1940\u20131974 in a retrospective fashion using state based data. In mid 1983, the Australian Recording Industry Association commenced licensing the Kent Music Report chart. The first printed national top 50 chart available in record stores, branded the \"Countdown\" chart, was dated the week ending 10 July 1983. ARIA began compiling its own charts in-house from the chart survey dated 13 June 1988, corresponding with the printed top 50 chart dated week ending 26 June 1988. Various artists compilation albums were initially included in the albums chart, as they had been on the Kent Report chart, until 2 July 1989, when a separate Compilations chart was created. \" The ARIA Report\", detailing the top 100 singles and albums charts, was first available via subscription in January 1990. The printed top 50 chart ceased publication in June 1998, but resumed publication later in the year. The printed top 50 chart again ceased publication at the end of 2000. Since 17 February 1997, all physical sales data contributing towards the chart has been recorded electronically at point of sale. In March 1991, \"Do the Bartman\" by The Simpsons was the first single to reach #1 in Australia that was not available on 7 inch vinyl, but cassingle only.", "\"Work from Home\" eventually topped both the Single Top 100 and the Dutch Top 40, becoming the group's first song to top both charts in the country. Elsewhere in Europe, the song entered the charts in Austria, where it peaked at number nine and charted for twenty-eight weeks. Similar trends followed in Denmark and Latvia, where the song also peaked at number nine. In the Belgian charts, the song peaked within the top 10 in its Flanders and Wallonia category, earning a top five in the Flanders chart. The track also peaked in the top 10 in Czech Republic, making appearances in both of the country's two main charts. In Germany and Norway, the song peaked at seven and six, respectively and charted for fifteen and twenty six weeks. \"Work from Home\" earned a top five in countries such as Spain and Poland, charting for 18 weeks in the Spanish charts. In its digital track component, the song peaked in the top 10 in Slovakia. It also achieved top 10 peaks in Switzerland and the Scandinavian countries of Sweden and Norway, where it also became their highest charting song in said countries. The song was certified platinum in Denmark, double platinum in countries including Belgium, Italy, Poland, Spain, quadruple platinum in Sweden and Diamond in France, where the single sold a quarter of a million copies. In Australia, \"Work from Home\" debuted at number 39 on the ARIA Charts after its first week of release. It climbed to number three in the fourth week, becoming their second top ten and first top five single in the country. The song stayed in the charts for nearly thirty weeks. Since its release, the song has been certified quintuple platinum and has also become one of the best-selling songs by an all-female group there. A similar trend followed in New Zealand", "\u201cKeep On\u201d, mixed by record producer Fran\u00e7ois Kevorkian, which peaked at #2 on Billboard's Dance charts and #15 on Billboard's R&B charts. The album's third single, the much covered Burt Bacharach single \"Walk On By\", also charted in both the US and the album reached #16 on the Billboard R&B Album charts, #128 on the Pop Album charts and #72 on the UK Album charts. D Train's second album, \"Music\", was released in 1983. They again enjoyed chart success in both the US and the UK with their first single \u201cMusic\u201d, which peaked at #12 on the Billboard Dance charts, #20 on Billboard's R&B charts and #23 on the UK's Top 100 charts. The album's third single, \u201cKeep Giving Me Love\u201d again proved successful on both sides of the Atlantic, charting at #24 on the Billboard Dance, #55 on the R&B charts #65 on the UK's Top 100. The album peaked at #31 on the R&B Album charts. The duo's third album, \"Something's On Your Mind\", was released in 1984, becoming the final album the duo would release under the Prelude Records label. The title track for this album, released as the second single, became D Train's first Pop crossover success, peaking at #5 on the R&B charts and #79 on \"Billboard\" Hot 100. This album found the band branching out into new musical territory, incorporating elements of reggae and more adult-oriented R&B into their music. Williams even demonstrated his guitar skills on a cover of Carole King's \"So Far Away.\" In 1985, a remix of their debut single", "Eventually the single was certified Gold by the RIAA on June 9, 1994 for sales of 700,000 copies sold. Internationally Back & Forth became a top 40 hit in the UK and the Netherlands peaking at number Sixteen and Thirty-Eight respectively. In New Zealand the song charted within the top 50 peaking at number Forty-Eight. The album's second single \"At Your Best (You Are Love)\" was released on August 22, 1994, and it became Aaliyah's second top ten hit on the Billboard hot 100 peaking at number six. On the r&b/hip hop charts the song also reached the top ten peaking at number two. This song also received a gold certification by the RIAA on October 25, 1994. In Japan the single peaked within the top twenty at number twelve on the Tokio Hot 100 chart. In other international markets At Your Best reached the top forty Peaking at number Twenty-Seven, Thirty-Eight and Forty in the UK, New Zealand and The Netherlands respectively. \" Age Ain't Nothing but a Number\" was the third single released and it was the least successful single from the album; It also was the last single to be released in the US. It reached its peak at number seventy-five on the Hot 100 chart on February 25, 1995. In the UK the single fared better on the charts peaking within the top 40 on the official charts at thirty two and the top 20 and top 10 on the Official Dance and R&B charts at number nineteen and six. The album's fifth and sixth singles \"Down with the Clique\" and \"The Thing I Like\" were released in the UK only. Down with the clique peaked within the top 40 on the official charts at number thirty-two and within the top 40 and top 10 on the official Dance and R&B charts at number twenty-five and five."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Fallen Empires?", "answer": {"text": "Shortly after the premiere of the new lead single, the quintet's official website confirmed the news that the name of the new album would be Fallen Empires.", "answer_start": 991, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album popular?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the album?", "answer": {"text": "Snow Patrol released the single \"Called Out in the Dark\" (remixed by Fatboy Slim) for radio airplay on Thursday 21 July 2011", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#0", "question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "rewrite": "what were james may's toy stories?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Needell has also co-presented 'MPH' at Earls Court in 2003, 2004 and 2005 with Jeremy Clarkson and Richard Hammond and in 2006 with Clarkson and James May (because Hammond was recovering from an on-location accident in a rocket car which rolled over at top speed, leaving him in a coma). He also appeared very briefly in the 2005 \"Top Gear\" Comic Relief special, \"Stars in Fast Cars\". In 2009 he appeared on \"James May's Toy Stories\" featuring the building of a Scalextric around Brooklands, and also visited James' LEGO house. In 2011, he appeared on \"Top Gear\", driving the Ariel Atom V8 in a race against a BMW S1000RR around the Top Gear Test Track. The segment was done in humour, with May supposedly driving the Atom V8, only for it to actually be Needell. He was one of several people suspected of portraying the elusive masked racing driver The Stig on the current format of \"Top Gear\". The true identity of The Stig was eventually revealed as being Ben Collins late in production, necessitating Needell's return to \"Top Gear\" after a nine-year absence to train director Danny Boyle for his lap in the reasonably-priced car. In the same episode Clarkson referred to Needell as the \"Emergency Stig\". On 22 September 2013, Needell co-starred in Tommy Kendall's Fox Sports 1 show, \"Driven - A Race Without Boundaries\". In 2016, Needell announced that \"Fifth Gear\" had ended. In 2018, Needell and others announced a new series of \"Fifth Gear\" was being filmed and will be shown on Quest in September of the same year, the 2019 series no longer has Needell in their presenter line-up.", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories.", "In addition to various types of cars, Scalextric vehicles have included motorbikes, sidecars, go-karts, pickup trucks, SUVs, racing trucks, articulated trucks, horses, skateboards and bicycles. Standard track consists of straights of various lengths and corners of different radii and degree of turn. Special track includes several different styles of chicane, cross-over tracks, crossroad track and humpback bridge. Novelty pieces of track have included pit lane tracks, Le Mans start, blow-out track and loop-the-loop tracks. There are five generations of 1:32 scale Scalextric track: In 2009, BBC \"Top Gear\" presenter James May announced plans to recreate the full length Brooklands racing track using Scalextric track and cars. This was undertaken with a team of 350 volunteers building the track from an uncounted number of pieces of Scalextric track, navigating ponds and roads, closely following the route of the old Brooklands track. This event broke the Guinness World Record for the longest ever Scalextric track in the world, intended to measure the original of the original Brooklands circuit but in reality recording in length, because of the need to navigate modern features that block the original course. The episode was first shown on BBC2 on 17 November 2009 as part of \"James May's Toy Stories\". Micro Scalextric (or MicroScalextric, as appears on product boxes) was launched on 1 February 1994 (then known as Scalextric Micro MR-1) at the Olympia toy fair. It became available to the public in October of that year and used a much smaller track geometry to the standard Scalextric product. Many of the Micro MR-1 models were re-badged products manufactured by Marchon,", "James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\"."], "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#1", "question": "what were some of these toys?", "rewrite": "What were some of the toys shown in James May's Toy Stories?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In addition to various types of cars, Scalextric vehicles have included motorbikes, sidecars, go-karts, pickup trucks, SUVs, racing trucks, articulated trucks, horses, skateboards and bicycles. Standard track consists of straights of various lengths and corners of different radii and degree of turn. Special track includes several different styles of chicane, cross-over tracks, crossroad track and humpback bridge. Novelty pieces of track have included pit lane tracks, Le Mans start, blow-out track and loop-the-loop tracks. There are five generations of 1:32 scale Scalextric track: In 2009, BBC \"Top Gear\" presenter James May announced plans to recreate the full length Brooklands racing track using Scalextric track and cars. This was undertaken with a team of 350 volunteers building the track from an uncounted number of pieces of Scalextric track, navigating ponds and roads, closely following the route of the old Brooklands track. This event broke the Guinness World Record for the longest ever Scalextric track in the world, intended to measure the original of the original Brooklands circuit but in reality recording in length, because of the need to navigate modern features that block the original course. The episode was first shown on BBC2 on 17 November 2009 as part of \"James May's Toy Stories\". Micro Scalextric (or MicroScalextric, as appears on product boxes) was launched on 1 February 1994 (then known as Scalextric Micro MR-1) at the Olympia toy fair. It became available to the public in October of that year and used a much smaller track geometry to the standard Scalextric product. Many of the Micro MR-1 models were re-badged products manufactured by Marchon,", "Needell has also co-presented 'MPH' at Earls Court in 2003, 2004 and 2005 with Jeremy Clarkson and Richard Hammond and in 2006 with Clarkson and James May (because Hammond was recovering from an on-location accident in a rocket car which rolled over at top speed, leaving him in a coma). He also appeared very briefly in the 2005 \"Top Gear\" Comic Relief special, \"Stars in Fast Cars\". In 2009 he appeared on \"James May's Toy Stories\" featuring the building of a Scalextric around Brooklands, and also visited James' LEGO house. In 2011, he appeared on \"Top Gear\", driving the Ariel Atom V8 in a race against a BMW S1000RR around the Top Gear Test Track. The segment was done in humour, with May supposedly driving the Atom V8, only for it to actually be Needell. He was one of several people suspected of portraying the elusive masked racing driver The Stig on the current format of \"Top Gear\". The true identity of The Stig was eventually revealed as being Ben Collins late in production, necessitating Needell's return to \"Top Gear\" after a nine-year absence to train director Danny Boyle for his lap in the reasonably-priced car. In the same episode Clarkson referred to Needell as the \"Emergency Stig\". On 22 September 2013, Needell co-starred in Tommy Kendall's Fox Sports 1 show, \"Driven - A Race Without Boundaries\". In 2016, Needell announced that \"Fifth Gear\" had ended. In 2018, Needell and others announced a new series of \"Fifth Gear\" was being filmed and will be shown on Quest in September of the same year, the 2019 series no longer has Needell in their presenter line-up.", "James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\".", "Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories.", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009)."], "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#2", "question": "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "rewrite": "what was James May's greatest accomplishment?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James May's 20th Century James May's 20th Century is a television series first aired on 10 July 2007 on the British terrestrial channel BBC Two. The series is a co-production by the BBC and the Open University. The series covers various inventions and discoveries over the past century with some reference to discoveries made before the past century. The show features the eponymous James May, exhibiting and discussing the implications of many of the major advances and inventions made during this period. Each episode features some theme, which was discussed in depth during the show, often following sequential advances in chronological order. The programme is now shown on Eden, Yesterday and Dave. The theme tune is called \"The Long Boot\", by Jeff Knowler. Sam Wollaston writing for Guardian Unlimited described James May's 20th Century as \"essentially Top Gear, masquerading as something educational\" but conceded that if \"teaching history can be achieved through Top Gear, then maybe that's not such a bad thing\". The New Statesman thought that James May was \"ill-suited to the task in hand\" and described the biggest problem as May being unable to \"put his wretched motors behind him\". The Lancashire Telegraph wrote positively of the show praising the presenter May as \"someone with genuine enthusiasm for what they were doing.\" The 6 episodes were originally aired in 3 double-bills on BBC Two in a Tuesday 8pm to 9pm timeslot. Episodes 1 & 2 both attracted 2.4 million viewers and a 12% share. Episodes 5 & 6 received slightly less with 1.9 million and 2.3 million viewers, and respective shares of 10% and 12%. The programme finished behind BBC One and ITV but ahead of Channel 4 and Five. Original air dates:", "He later explained that his decision to retire was \"largely due to the constant strain of sending U.S. military personnel on life-threatening missions.\" As he left the Pentagon, Perry listed what he thought were his most important accomplishments: establishing effective working relationships with U.S. military leaders; improving the lot of the military, especially enlisted men and women; managing the military drawdown; instituting important acquisition reforms; developing close relationships with many foreign defense ministers; effectively employing military strength and resources in Bosnia, Haiti, Korea, and the Persian Gulf area; dramatically reducing the nuclear legacy of the Cold War; and promoting the Partnership for Peace within NATO. His disappointments included failure to obtain Russian ratification of the START II treaty; slowness in securing increases in the budget for weapon systems modernization; and the faulty perceptions of the Gulf War illness syndrome held by some of the media and much of the public. At a ceremony for Perry in January 1997 General Shalikashvili noted the departing secretary's relationship with the troops. \" Surely,\" Shalikashvili said, \"Bill Perry has been the GI's secretary of defense. When asked his greatest accomplishment as secretary, Bill Perry didn't name an operation or a weapons system. He said that his greatest accomplishment was his very strong bond with our men and women in uniform.\" Perry's career in the Department of Defense actually spanned eight years of profound changes\u2014four years as Undersecretary for Research and Engineering in 1977\u20131981, a year as Deputy Secretary from 1993 to 1994, and three years as Secretary. After he left the Pentagon, Perry returned to San Francisco to join the board of Hambrecht and Quist as a senior adviser.", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\".", "Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories."], "answer": {"text": "In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1280}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of these toys?", "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#3", "question": "did he win any awards for this?", "rewrite": "did James May win any awards for his Meccano motorcycle?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With unions threatening all out industrial action if there were any job losses, Airfix shut down the Binns Road factory, bringing to an end the manufacture of Meccano in England. Meccano still continued to be manufactured in France, as the British and French businesses had different owners. At the time in the seventies Meccano France SA launched and produced their brand new famous dark blue MECCANO Construction Kits Set 1 to set 10 Boxes Model Range until the early 1990s which was considered by many MECCANO collectors today as the nearest updated model range of the original British made Meccano. These were also sold in conjunction with the smaller \"Complementary Sets CX Series\" so that the builders could make more technical and more realistic working models with his own existing normal sets, making it more demanding and harder per kit for the builder or owner as the sequence MECCANO Set 1 TO Set 10 was available. These can still be found for sale new and used or even never used on several websites today. Unusually the last two items of this Range was the rarer MECCANO Set 09 aka as Set NINE which was sold as hinged large wooden box divided in two halves with up to 500 different parts and pieces available inside without manuals for builders to create numerous larger models. Then the most expensive yet impressive MECCANO Set 10 aka Set TEN is a large wooden rectangular crate with 3 sliding drawers and has a reputed 1000 different parts all neatly stored and is considered the top of the range MECCANO Set when available. Today some of these original MECCANO FRANCE SET 01 TO SET 10 Blue Construction Kits can still be found on EBAY. OLX and other similar sales webpages. Ownership summary In 1981, General Mills bought up Airfix Products and with it what was left of Meccano Ltd UK, giving it complete control of the Meccano franchise.", "Meccano Ltd  Meccano Ltd was a British toy company established in 1908 by Frank Hornby in England to manufacture and distribute Meccano and other model toys and kits created by the company. During the 1920s and 1930s it became the biggest toy manufacturer in the United Kingdom and produced three of the most popular lines of toys in the twentieth century: Meccano, Hornby Trains and Dinky Toys. Financial problems beset the company in the early 1960s and Meccano Ltd was taken over by Lines Bros Ltd in 1964. In 1901 Frank Hornby, a clerk from Liverpool, England, invented a new construction toy called \"Mechanics Made Easy\", which soon became known as Meccano. To manufacture and distribute Meccano, Hornby needed to raise capital to invest in factory and plant, and this resulted in the establishment of Meccano Ltd in 1908, with Hornby as the sole proprietor. A factory was acquired in West Derby Road in Liverpool and the company began producing Meccano sets for sale across the UK. In 1909 Meccano Ltd added to its range by launching the \"Hornby System of Mechanical Demonstration\". This was an educational set Hornby had created for use in schools which included a 44-page manual, showing all dimensions in centimetres. However, it was not a commercial success and it was discontinued after five years. This was the first use of the Hornby name, which later was to become synonymous with the company's Hornby Dublo 00 gauge model railway system. By 1910 Meccano was exported worldwide, and its success prompted Meccano Ltd to expand its operations. In 1912, Hornby and his son, Roland, formed Meccano (France) Ltd in Paris to manufacture Meccano, and an office was opened in Berlin, Germany where M\u00e4rklin began to manufacture Meccano under licence. Meccano factories were also established in Spain and Argentina.", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "Despite the heavy bombing of Liverpool during the war, the Binns Road factory was not damaged. The production of Meccano, Dinky Toys and Hornby Dublo slowly resumed after the war in 1945, but was interrupted again in 1950 by the Korean War due to a shortage of metal. In 1960 Meccano Ltd purchased Bayko, a Bakelite building model construction toy, from Plimpton Engineering in Liverpool, and moved all its production to Meccano's factory in Speke, Liverpool. The construction sets were updated and polystyrene was used for all the plastic parts instead of Bakelite. Manufacture of Bayko continued until 1967. Meccano Ltd also manufactured Kemex (chemistry sets) and Elektron (electrical sets). By the early 1960s Meccano Ltd began experiencing financial problems, in spite of exports worth over \u00a31m, and was bought out by Lines Bros Ltd (Tri-ang), Meccano's biggest competitor, in February 1964. This purchase included both the British and French Meccano factories. Sweeping changes were implemented, including the removal from office of the last members of the Hornby family and applying the Hornby name to the Tri-ang plastic trains. In 1970 Lines Brothers changed the company name to Meccano-Tri-ang. In 1971 the Lines Brothers Tri-ang group went into voluntary liquidation and Meccano-Tri-ang was eventually sold to Airfix industries in 1972, the company name reverting to Meccano Ltd. At the same time, General Mills, a United States toy manufacturer, purchased the majority of shares of Meccano France S.A., renaming the French company Miro-Meccano. With competition from other manufacturers from around the world and the increasing popularity of television, Meccano Ltd's dominance of the toy market diminished sharply.", "To cut their losses, Airfix closed Meccano Ltd's flagship Binns Road factory in Liverpool in November 1979, bringing to an end three-quarters of a century of British toy making. The manufacture of Meccano, however, still continued in France. Airfix were eventually liquidated two years later and in 1981 General Mills purchased Meccano Ltd UK, giving it complete control of the Meccano franchise. It shifted all Meccano and Airfix operations to France and completely revamped the Miro-Meccano construction sets. In August 1985 French accountant Marc Rebibo bought Miro-Meccano from General Mills, reverted the French company name to Meccano S.A. and reintroduced some of the discontinued Meccano sets. In 1989 Rebibo was bought out by Finamec (Financi\u00e8re de Serbie), who continued the manufacture of Meccano in France. In 1990 Meccano France purchased the \"Erector\" trademark in the U.S.A. and started selling Meccano sets marked \"Erector Meccano\" in the U.S.A. By 2000 Meccano France was faltering and was bought out in May 2000 by the Japanese toy company Nikko, who continue to manufacture Meccano sets in France and China, although very different from the Meccano originally manufactured by the Binns Road factory. In 2013 Meccano was acquired by Spin Master."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of these toys?", "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#4", "question": "what is the most important fact in this article", "rewrite": "what is the most important fact in this article about James May?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James May: My Sisters' Top Toys James May: My Sisters Top Toys is a British television documentary. Presented by James May, it was first broadcast on 23 December 2007 on BBC Two. The show was a spin-off from the 2005 documentary \"James May's Top Toys\", and was first shown as one of three shows which made up the \"Top Gear Night In\". The show focused on the toys loved by his elder and younger sisters, including dolls, dolls' houses, dolls' prams, Girls' World, Ladybird Books, Spirograph, and a Palitoy (Kenner) Tree Tots Family House. May speaks about how he often played with them as they were hand-me-downs. During the show, May sets up a race as a girls' school (Skipton Girls' High School) and a boys' school (Ermysted's Grammar School) battle it out in a go-kart time trial, using their own converted Silver Cross prams. May gets his own made by the pram factory. He tests it out, battling for first place alongside the girls and the boys.", "James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\".", "James May's 20th Century James May's 20th Century is a television series first aired on 10 July 2007 on the British terrestrial channel BBC Two. The series is a co-production by the BBC and the Open University. The series covers various inventions and discoveries over the past century with some reference to discoveries made before the past century. The show features the eponymous James May, exhibiting and discussing the implications of many of the major advances and inventions made during this period. Each episode features some theme, which was discussed in depth during the show, often following sequential advances in chronological order. The programme is now shown on Eden, Yesterday and Dave. The theme tune is called \"The Long Boot\", by Jeff Knowler. Sam Wollaston writing for Guardian Unlimited described James May's 20th Century as \"essentially Top Gear, masquerading as something educational\" but conceded that if \"teaching history can be achieved through Top Gear, then maybe that's not such a bad thing\". The New Statesman thought that James May was \"ill-suited to the task in hand\" and described the biggest problem as May being unable to \"put his wretched motors behind him\". The Lancashire Telegraph wrote positively of the show praising the presenter May as \"someone with genuine enthusiasm for what they were doing.\" The 6 episodes were originally aired in 3 double-bills on BBC Two in a Tuesday 8pm to 9pm timeslot. Episodes 1 & 2 both attracted 2.4 million viewers and a 12% share. Episodes 5 & 6 received slightly less with 1.9 million and 2.3 million viewers, and respective shares of 10% and 12%. The programme finished behind BBC One and ITV but ahead of Channel 4 and Five. Original air dates:", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories."], "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "answer_start": 1425}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of these toys?", "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards for this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#5", "question": "who did he work with?", "rewrite": "who did James May work with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009).", "James May's 20th Century James May's 20th Century is a television series first aired on 10 July 2007 on the British terrestrial channel BBC Two. The series is a co-production by the BBC and the Open University. The series covers various inventions and discoveries over the past century with some reference to discoveries made before the past century. The show features the eponymous James May, exhibiting and discussing the implications of many of the major advances and inventions made during this period. Each episode features some theme, which was discussed in depth during the show, often following sequential advances in chronological order. The programme is now shown on Eden, Yesterday and Dave. The theme tune is called \"The Long Boot\", by Jeff Knowler. Sam Wollaston writing for Guardian Unlimited described James May's 20th Century as \"essentially Top Gear, masquerading as something educational\" but conceded that if \"teaching history can be achieved through Top Gear, then maybe that's not such a bad thing\". The New Statesman thought that James May was \"ill-suited to the task in hand\" and described the biggest problem as May being unable to \"put his wretched motors behind him\". The Lancashire Telegraph wrote positively of the show praising the presenter May as \"someone with genuine enthusiasm for what they were doing.\" The 6 episodes were originally aired in 3 double-bills on BBC Two in a Tuesday 8pm to 9pm timeslot. Episodes 1 & 2 both attracted 2.4 million viewers and a 12% share. Episodes 5 & 6 received slightly less with 1.9 million and 2.3 million viewers, and respective shares of 10% and 12%. The programme finished behind BBC One and ITV but ahead of Channel 4 and Five. Original air dates:", "James May: My Sisters' Top Toys James May: My Sisters Top Toys is a British television documentary. Presented by James May, it was first broadcast on 23 December 2007 on BBC Two. The show was a spin-off from the 2005 documentary \"James May's Top Toys\", and was first shown as one of three shows which made up the \"Top Gear Night In\". The show focused on the toys loved by his elder and younger sisters, including dolls, dolls' houses, dolls' prams, Girls' World, Ladybird Books, Spirograph, and a Palitoy (Kenner) Tree Tots Family House. May speaks about how he often played with them as they were hand-me-downs. During the show, May sets up a race as a girls' school (Skipton Girls' High School) and a boys' school (Ermysted's Grammar School) battle it out in a go-kart time trial, using their own converted Silver Cross prams. May gets his own made by the pram factory. He tests it out, battling for first place alongside the girls and the boys.", "Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas Oz and Hugh Drink to Christmas is a BBC television programme in which wine personality Oz Clarke and comedian Hugh Dennis travel through Britain to sample a wide array of seasonal Christmas beverages, including whisky, winter ales, mulled wine, wassail, sloe gin, Buck's Fizz, Port wine and Sherry. Upon its 20 December 2009 broadcast on BBC Two, it had a viewership of approximately 2.4 million with an audience share of 9%. In contrast to Clarke's other programmes with James May, \"Oz and James's Big Wine Adventure\" and \"Oz and James Drink to Britain\", the Christmas special was criticised in the press for its greater focus on achieving intoxication and exploring which drinks are more effective in that pursuit. \" Dublin Evening Herald\" columnist Katie Byrne described the show as Clarke and Dennis divining that the true spirit of Christmas is \"getting hammered\". Oz Clarke is internationally known wine expert and writer who has worked in the wine industry since 1984. He has served as the wine correspondent for the \"Daily Telegraph\" and was previously featured on the BBC Two programme \"Food and Drink\". Following the cancellation of \"Food and Drink\", Clarke was paired with \"Top Gear\" presenter James May to produce a series of wine and drink related programs for the BBC. In the premise of those shows, Clarke was the beverage expert with James May serving as the \"wingman\" who was not as knowledgeable about the subject. In December 2009, Clarke was paired with comedian Hugh Dennis, a self-described \"half a bottle drinker\", to produce a similar odd couple dynamic. The change of front man was a direct result of May's unavailability, owing to the filming of his own factual series James May's Toy Stories.", "James May's Top Toys James May's Top Toys is a BBC documentary in which James May explored and celebrated his favourite toys, including Etch-A-Sketch, Airfix model aeroplanes, Lego, Meccano, Top Trumps, Scalextric, model cars, and Hornby model trains. The show included May dropping a parachuted Action Man from a helicopter after an actor named George Huxley dropped it from a window, proving the parachute did not work. Further exploits had May shooting the Action Man figure with an AR-15 type semi-automatic rifle in .22 lr, thereafter referring to the toy as \"Killed-in-Action Man\". May also constructed an Airfix model of the battleship \"Bismarck\". Upon completion, he took it out on a boating lake and shot at it with an air rifle, while pretending to be a British seaman firing a salvo at the battleship. In the feature of the Etch-A-Sketch, Rose Pipette of The Pipettes is one of the students \"etching\" May on the toy. A spin off of the show, \"\", came on 23 December 2007. In October 2009, a series of 6 shows were broadcast, entitled \"James May's Toy Stories\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of these toys?", "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards for this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most important fact in this article", "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides James May's lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of Isle of Man TT Mountain Course fatalities This list is of fatal accidents on the Mountain Course used in the Isle of Man TT races, Manx Grand Prix and Classic TT races. The TT Course was first used as a road-racing circuit for the 1908 Tourist Trophy event for racing automobiles, then-known as the Four Inch Course. For the 1911 Isle of Man TT race motor-cycle races the event was moved from the St. John's Short Course to the 'Four Inch Course' by the UK Auto-Cycle Club and subsequently became known as the Snaefell Mountain Course or 'TT Course' when used for motor-cycle racing. Victor Surridge was the first fatality on the Snaefell Mountain Course, after an accident at Glen Helen during practice for the 1911 Isle of Man TT races. This was possibly the first death in the Isle of Man of a person in a motor-cycle or road vehicle accident. The deadliest year for the Snaefell Mountain Course was 2005, when 11 people in total died during the two main racing events there. Four people (three riders and one marshal) died during that year's Isle of Man TT race period in June, and six riders and one bystander next to the course died during the Manx Grand Prix in August/September. The deadliest year for the Isle of Man TT race period was 1970, when six people died during the event.", "2013 Isle of Man TT The 2013 Isle of Man TT Races were held between the Saturday 25 May and Friday 7 June 2013 on the 37.73-mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course in the Isle of Man. The event celebrated the 90th anniversary of the first Sidecar TT with a special parade lap for racing sidecar outfits. The 2013 Isle of Man TT Festival also included the Pre-TT Classic Races on 24, 25 & 27 May 2013 and the Post-TT Races on 8 June 2013 and both events held on the Billown Circuit. The Blue Riband event of race meeting the Senior TT race was won by John McGuinness and raising his tally of victories to 20 Isle of Man TT wins and also breaking the outright course record in the Superbike TT with a lap at an average speed of 131.671. The event was dominated by Michael Dunlop winning the Superbike TT race, Supersport TT Races 1 & 2, the Superstock TT and the Joey Dunlop TT Championship with 120 points from John McGuinness and Bruce Anstey in third place. The Sidecar TT race produced a maiden Isle of Man TT wins for the two former Sidecar World Champions with Tim Reeves / Dan Sayle winning Sidecar TT Race 1 and Ben Birchall / Tim Birchall winning Sidecar TT Race 2. The Lightweight TT for 650cc twin-cylinder motor-cycles produced another maiden win for James Hillier and Michael Rutter scored a hattrick or wins in the TT Zero class for electric powered motor-cycles after winning for the third consecutive year. The Senior TT race was red-flagged on the first lap after Isle of Man TT newcomer Jonathan Howarth crashed at the bottom of Bray Hill and 10 spectators were injured in the incident. The first part of practice week was dominated by inclement weather with Monday and the Wednesday evening practice run as untimed sessions.", "2010 Isle of Man TT The 2010 Isle of Man TT Festival was held between Saturday 29 May and Friday 11 June on the 37.73-mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. The 2010 races again included a second 600 cc Supersport Junior TT race. The Lightweight TT and Ultra-Lightweight TT race class previously held on the Billown Circuit in the Isle of Man for the 2008 Isle of Man TT and 2009 Isle of Man TT were dropped from the 2010 race schedule. The 2010 Isle of Man TT Races included the one-lap TT Zero for racing motorcycles \"to be powered without the use of carbon based fuels and have zero toxic/noxious emissions.\" which replaced the TTXGP and also a Suzuki 50th Anniversary Lap of Honour and the TT Classic Parade which were held before the main Senior TT race. The Blue Riband event of the 2010 TT Race week the Senior TT run over a reduced race distance after the race was red-flagged on lap 3 after an incident at Ballagarey on the TT Course involving Guy Martin and caused a number of protective hay-bails to be set alight. The 2010 Isle of Man TT Races provided a clean-sweep of the solo motorcycle classes for Ian Hutchinson winning five Isle of Man TT races in a week, including the Senior TT race, the Superport and Superstock TT races, the six lap Superbike TT race and also winning the prestigious Joey Dunlop 2010 Isle of Man TT Championship. The previous record for four race wins in a week completed during the 1996 Isle of Man TT was held by Phillip McCallen. During the 2010 Isle of Man TT Races, Ian Hutchinson also completed a Junior/Senior double win and completed two Isle of Man TT race wins in one day, winning the Supersport TT Race 1 and the Superstock TT races for the second consecutive year.", "Isle of Man TT Mountain Course The Isle of Man TT Mountain Course or \"TT Course\" is a motor-cycle road- racing circuit located in the Isle of Man. The motor-cycle \"TT Course\" is used principally for the Isle of Man TT Races and also the separate event of the Isle of Man Festival of Motorcycling for the Manx Grand Prix and Classic TT Races held in September of each year. The start-line for the Isle of Man TT Mountain Course is located on Glencrutchery Road in the town of Douglas, Isle of Man. The clockwise course has a lap of , from the startline at the TT Grandstand on Glencrutchery Road (A2 Ramsey to Douglas) in the island's main town of Douglas. After negotiating urban streets, the racing circuit turns right to leave Douglas at Quarter Bridge, then proceeds along the A1 Douglas to Peel road through the villages of Braddan, Union Mills, Glen Vine, Crosby, and Greeba. The course then turns right at Ballacraine on to the A3 Castletown to Ramsey road, firstly through countryside glens followed by agricultural land interspersed by the villages of Kirk Michael, Ballaugh and Sulby, finally intersecting with the A18 Snaefell mountain road after negotiating urban streets in the town of Ramsey. The A18 then takes the course back to Douglas through the highest point, situated after the Bungalow at Hailwood's Height near the 31st Milestone and the UK Ordnance Survey spot height of above sea level. The descent starts through countryside before entering the residential outskirts of Douglas back to the finish line. Motor racing began on the Isle of Man in 1904 with the Gordon Bennett Trial and originally was restricted to touring cars.", "The course was modified again in 1908 as the 37.50 Mile Four Inch Course for the RAC Tourist Trophy car races held in the Isle of Man between 1908 and 1922. In 1911 the Four Inch Course was first used by the Auto-Cycling Union for the Isle of Man TT motorcycle races. This included the Keppel Gate section and the course later became known as the 37.73 mile Isle of Man TT Mountain Course for motor-cycle racing which has been used since 1911 for the Isle of Man TT and from 1923 for the \"Mountain Course\" for the Manx Grand Prix races. The Auto-Cycle Union proposed in 1921 to move the Isle of Man TT Races to the Continental Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium. After an offer made by the Belgium Government the move was considered by the Auto-Cycle Union due to financial reasons, organisational problems and criticism of the Isle of Man TT Mountain Course. In response to the problems with the Isle of Man TT Course highlighted by the Auto-Cycle Union, the Isle of Man Highway Board redeveloped large sections of A18 Snaefell Mountain Road. This included the often criticised very narrow section of road from the Windy Corner to Keppel Gate. The old stone mountain track from near Slieau Lhoost Quarry adjacent to Windy Corner across the mountainside to Keppel Gate was subjected to substantial redevelopment and landscaping during the period 1921-23 including the removal of the old Keppel Gate corner for the 1922 Isle of Man TT Races. The section of A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from the \"Thirty-Third Corner\" to near Keppel Gate was widened and road-side fence post relocated below road level for the 1947 Isle of Man TT Races after a fatal accident to Peter M. Aitchison a competitor during the 1946 Senior Manx Grand Prix."], "answer": {"text": "he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail", "answer_start": 764}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of these toys?", "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards for this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most important fact in this article", "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he work with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#7", "question": "was his attempt successful?", "rewrite": "was James May's attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Former railway sections include:  Below Braunton, the path follows the western bank of the River Caen, which was straightened to become the Braunton Canal in the 1850s, before following the northern edge of Horsey Island, reclaimed from the estuary at the same time. The path then turns north along the eastern edge of Braunton Burrows, an extensive sand-dune system leased by the Ministry of Defence for army training. The dunes are closed for 10 days per year for this purpose. The Tarka Trail passes through numerous towns and villages, including: A number of other local walking routes intersect or coincide with the Tarka Trail:  Using public transport for at least part of their journey means that walkers can plan walks which start and finish at different places, rather than have to circle back to their start point to collect their cars. The Trail may be reached from stations on The Tarka Line, the railway from Exeter to Barnstaple. Services to some stations are infrequent and at several the trains only stop on request. Most towns and villages along the Tarka Trail have bus services, although some of these may not be very frequent. The cycle route officially ends at Meeth Halt railway station, though cyclists and walkers can catch a bus that leaves regularly from The Bull and Dragon pub to complete the circular trip.", "The book was extremely well-received on publication, attracting praise from Thomas Hardy and T. E. Lawrence, amongst others. Although not written for children, the book soon became popular with young readers. At the time the book was published, otters were generally regarded as vermin, but \"Tarka\" (and more specifically its later film adaptation) is credited with inspiring a transformation in public attitudes to otters. The book remains well-known, and is often used to promote the area of North Devon where it is set. The Tarka Line railway line to Barnstaple, and Tarka Trail long distance footpath and cycle path, are named after the book. Although Williamson's reputation as a writer was affected in the wake of his support for Oswald Mosley and many of his works are now little read, \"Tarka\" has continued to be an influential work. Rachel Carson once wrote that Williamson's work had \"deeply influenced\" her and said that \"Tarka the Otter\" and \"Salar the Salmon\" would be two of three books she might take to a desert island. Ted Hughes, who later became friends with an elderly Williamson, repeatedly cited reading the book as an important experience for him, while the author Roger Deakin wrote that he admired the \"beauty and ice-clear accuracy\" of Williamson's writing and described \"Tarka\" as a \"great mythic poem\". Others to whom the book was significant included the nature writers Kenneth Allsop and Denys Watkins-Pitchford, who described it as \"the greatest animal story ever written\". The book has led to Britain's Tarka Trail and to the establishment of the Tarka Country Tourism Authority in North Devon. In 1978 Sir David Attenborough narrated an audiobook version of the story, released as a double audio cassette.", "Bideford Railway Heritage Centre The Bideford Railway Heritage Centre CIC (previously the Bideford and Instow Railway Group) in Devon, England, is responsible for the management of the Bideford station site. The Company is also responsible for Instow signal box which opens on occasional Sundays and bank holidays from Easter to October. The line was opened from Barnstaple to Fremington in 1848. Passenger trains ran throughout from Barnstaple railway station to Bideford from 2 November 1855 as the Bideford Extension Railway. The line was further extended to Torrington in 1872 when the current Bideford railway station was opened. Passenger services ceased on 2 October 1965 although ball clay traffic continued until 1982. The track was removed in 1985 after some interest by BR in reintroducing a passenger service to Bideford. The trackbed was later converted into the Tarka Trail, a walkway using the formation between Petrockstow (later the terminus of services after the line was truncated in the 1960s) and Barnstaple Junction. In 2009, James May attempted to reconnect the former Bideford station with Barnstaple Junction using an OO scale model train as part of \"James May's Toy Stories\". Unfortunately, the last train - a Hornby Class 395 \"Javelin\", and the prototype model for the production models - burnt out at Instow at 12:18am the day after the trains left Barnstaple. In 2011, May returned to complete the challenge with the help of the German model railway attraction Miniature Wonderland, racing several model trains over the from Barnstaple to Bideford. The first train to arrive at Bideford was a Hornby Intercity 125, followed by a hydrogen-powered train and finally, May's own model of LNER 'Pacific' 4472 \"Flying Scotsman\".", "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day. The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby. In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process. In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey. Plans for Legoland to move it to their theme park fell through in September 2009 because costs to deconstruct, move and then rebuild were too high and despite a final Facebook appeal for someone to take it, it was demolished on 22 September, with the plastic bricks planned to be donated to charity. Also for the series, he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail between Barnstaple and Bideford in North Devon, although the attempt was foiled due to parts of the track being stolen and vandals placing coins on the track, causing a short circuit. In December 2012 aired a special Christmas Episode called Flight Club, where James and his team built a huge toy glider that flew 22 miles (35 km) from Devon to the island of Lundy. In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano. Joined by Oz Clark, he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "Tarka Trail The Tarka Trail is a series of footpaths and cyclepaths (rail trails) around north Devon, England that follow the route taken by the fictional Tarka the Otter in the book of that name. It covers a total of in a figure-of-eight route, centred on Barnstaple. The section between Braunton and Meeth is car-free, level and mostly tarmacked, and is shared by pedestrians and cyclists, with horseriding also permitted on part of it. There is a guidebook available for this section. There are 21 yellow-topped audio posts spread out along this section of the Trail. Each post has a different information plaque and QR code. Users scan the code with a smartphone and each sound recording corresponds to a particular place on the Tarka Trail where you can learn about the wildlife, history, and heritage of the Trail. The remainder of the route covers a wide variety of landscapes, including wooded river valleys, moorland, coastal cliffs and sandy beaches. Walking varies between easy through to moderate and strenuous, depending on the location, but, in general, it is comprehensively waymarked. The trails are a popular tourist destination and bicycle hire businesses are available for those who wish to cycle along suitable sections of the trail. A section of the Trail is part of National Cycle Network route number 27 and forms part of the route known as the Devon Coast to Coast Cycle Route a route of from Ilfracombe to Plymouth largely using former railway lines. The Tarka Trail was established in 1987 as the Taw/Torridge Country Park using the disused railway line between Barnstaple and Bideford. The railway line was purchased for \u00a3515,000 in 1986-87 from British Rail. In 1989, the remainder of the line between Bideford and Meeth was acquired in its entirety by Devon County Council for \u00a31."], "answer": {"text": "the attempt was foiled due to parts of the track being stolen and vandals placing coins on the track, causing a short circuit.", "answer_start": 971}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of these toys?", "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards for this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most important fact in this article", "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he work with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_60db32ad43924c29b878c7e03a146de4_0_q#8", "question": "what did he do instead?", "rewrite": "what did James May do instead of the Scalextric track?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day. The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby. In each show, May attempts to take each toy to its limits, also fulfilling several of his boyhood dreams in the process. In August 2009, May built a full-sized house out of Lego at Denbies Wine Estate in Surrey. Plans for Legoland to move it to their theme park fell through in September 2009 because costs to deconstruct, move and then rebuild were too high and despite a final Facebook appeal for someone to take it, it was demolished on 22 September, with the plastic bricks planned to be donated to charity. Also for the series, he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail between Barnstaple and Bideford in North Devon, although the attempt was foiled due to parts of the track being stolen and vandals placing coins on the track, causing a short circuit. In December 2012 aired a special Christmas Episode called Flight Club, where James and his team built a huge toy glider that flew 22 miles (35 km) from Devon to the island of Lundy. In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano. Joined by Oz Clark, he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "In 2009, BBC \"Top Gear\" presenter James May announced plans to recreate the full length Brooklands using Scalextric track and cars. This was undertaken with a team of 350 volunteers building the track from an uncounted number of pieces of Scalextric track, navigating ponds and roads, closely following the route of the old Brooklands track. This event broke the Guinness World Record for the longest ever Scalextric track in the world, intended to measure the original of the original Brooklands circuit but in reality recording in length (due to the need to navigate modern features that block the original course). The episode was shown on BBC2 on 17 November 2009 as part of \"James May's Toy Stories\". BBC TV's \"Antiques Roadshow\" was filmed at Brooklands Museum in July 2009 and subsequently produced as two programmes for its next series and first broadcast on 10 and 17 January 2010. Apart from Brooklands Museum's displays and exhibits, today there are a number of memorials to Brooklands. The first of these is the 'Brooklands Memorial' built by Vickers-Armstrongs to mark the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Motor Course and was unveiled by Lord Brabazon of Tara in July 1957. This impressive concrete faced monument featured a fine bronze letters, plaque and related inscription summarising the site's history from 1907\u201357 and was originally located at the North end of the aerodrome, was designated as a Scheduled Monument in 2002 then relocated and restored in a new position just east of the River Wey on the museum site to make way for the new Mercedes-Benz World complex, which opened in 2006. The original bronze fittings were stolen in the 1970s but the plaque was later found and is now displayed in the main entrance foyer of the former BARC Clubhouse.", "Scalex was very successful: at one point the company was producing up to 7,000 cars a week. Later cars also featured a steerable front axle which could be set at an angle and the cars would then run in an arc. Most Scalextric models are , though between 1968 and 1970 Super 124 cars and track were manufactured at 1:24 scale. In 1994 Micro Scalextric at was introduced. Cars and track are not compatible between scales. At the beginning of the 21st century, Scalextric track underwent a major redesign to make it easier to assemble. The new design is known as Scalextric Sport and can be connected to the original track using special adaptor pieces. The new track was designed to be compatible with all earlier 1:32 cars. Many other manufacturers, including the likes of \"Fly\", \"Slot.it\", \"SCX\", \"Airfix\"/\"MRRC\", \"Carrera\" and \"Ninco,\" produce cars that can run on Scalextric track with minor or no modification. In 2004 Scalextric Sport Digital (SSD) was introduced, with which up to four digital cars can be raced in a single slot. The cars can change from one slot to another using special slot-lane change tracks, the lane change or otherwise being controlled by a button on the throttle. Sport Digital cars will run on analogue layouts without modification, but analogue cars require a digital decoder to be installed before they can run on a digital layout. Many of the original Scalextric cars can be fitted with a digital decoder depending on available space within the body shell. Performance of converted cars on a digital system can vary, but enthusiasts have been able to successfully convert a wide range of cars, both from Scalextric and other brands.", "In addition to various types of cars, Scalextric vehicles have included motorbikes, sidecars, go-karts, pickup trucks, SUVs, racing trucks, articulated trucks, horses, skateboards and bicycles. Standard track consists of straights of various lengths and corners of different radii and degree of turn. Special track includes several different styles of chicane, cross-over tracks, crossroad track and humpback bridge. Novelty pieces of track have included pit lane tracks, Le Mans start, blow-out track and loop-the-loop tracks. There are five generations of 1:32 scale Scalextric track: In 2009, BBC \"Top Gear\" presenter James May announced plans to recreate the full length Brooklands racing track using Scalextric track and cars. This was undertaken with a team of 350 volunteers building the track from an uncounted number of pieces of Scalextric track, navigating ponds and roads, closely following the route of the old Brooklands track. This event broke the Guinness World Record for the longest ever Scalextric track in the world, intended to measure the original of the original Brooklands circuit but in reality recording in length, because of the need to navigate modern features that block the original course. The episode was first shown on BBC2 on 17 November 2009 as part of \"James May's Toy Stories\". Micro Scalextric (or MicroScalextric, as appears on product boxes) was launched on 1 February 1994 (then known as Scalextric Micro MR-1) at the Olympia toy fair. It became available to the public in October of that year and used a much smaller track geometry to the standard Scalextric product. Many of the Micro MR-1 models were re-badged products manufactured by Marchon,", "James May's Toy Stories James May's Toy Stories is a television series presented by James May. The series was commissioned for BBC Two from Plum Pictures. The first episode, \"Airfix\", was broadcast on BBC Two at 8:00 pm on Tuesday 27 October 2009. In later years, three specials were made for the Christmas seasons, along with a follow-up to the sixth episode. The premise of the 6-part show was to bring favourite toys of the past into the modern era, by using the toys in real life large scale enterprises. In each episode, he also explores the history of each toy. A few stars of the show include Airfix model planes, plasticine modelling material, Meccano construction toys, Scalextric cars and Lego. May's interest in technology is known from his presentation of such programmes as \"James May's 20th Century\" and \"James May's Big Ideas\". He credits much of the inventiveness of humans to the love of playing with toys and he has credited many technological developments to men playing in sheds. He has shown his passion for toys in programmes he has presented including \"James May's Top Toys\" and \"\" and he has discussed his desire for children to get away from games consoles and play with real toys preferably with their parents. May was quoted as saying:  Many of the plans involved significant engineering problems, so the programme makers searched for architects, designers and engineers to help them. However, many more volunteers would be required as a labour force, so appeals for volunteers were distributed in local newspapers. The ambitious - world record-breaking in many cases - projects included: The series was nominated in the Features category of the 2010 British Academy Television Awards, but lost out to the eventual winner, \"\". James released a well-received book in conjunction with the series, through Conway Publishing (2009)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what were james may's toy stories?", "answer": {"text": "Beginning in October 2009, May presented a 6-part TV series showing favourite toys of the past era and whether they can be applied in the modern day.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were some of these toys?", "answer": {"text": "The toys featured were Airfix, Plasticine, Meccano, Scalextric, Lego and Hornby.", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his greatest accomplishment?", "answer": {"text": "In 2013, May created a life size, fully functional motorcycle and sidecar made entirely out of the construction toy Meccano.", "answer_start": 1280, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win any awards for this?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what is the most important fact in this article", "answer": {"text": "he then completed a full lap of the Isle of Man TT Course, a full  37 3/4 mile long circuit.", "answer_start": 1425, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did he work with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "he recreated the banked track at Brooklands using Scalextric track, and an attempt at the world's longest working model railway along the Tarka Trail", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was his attempt successful?", "answer": {"text": "the attempt was foiled due to parts of the track being stolen and vandals placing coins on the track, causing a short circuit.", "answer_start": 971, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "rewrite": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior.", "The Mustache Gang The Mustache Gang, a term coined for the 1972 Oakland Athletic's baseball team, a team that broke the traditionally conservative baseball views by sporting mustaches. Prior to the 1970s there had only been two baseball players who had facial hair during the regular season: Stanley \"Frenchy\" Bordagaray of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who was then ordered to shave by his manager, and Wally Schang of the Philadelphia A's. This changed when the A's outfielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a fully grown mustache which would later be thought of as the catalyst that sparked the move away from the conservative baseball era. This move lead to the World Series final to be dubbed \"Hairs vs. Squares\", as the Oakland A's Mustache Gang faced off with the conservatively clean-shaven Cincinnati Reds. Baseball, before 1972, was traditionally known as a conservative era where all players were clean shaven. During this time there had even been an unwritten rule that frowned upon players with facial hair. There have been some baseball players who have grown mustaches but all showed up cleanly-shaven at the start of the regular season either by their own decision or as ordered by their managers. The Mustache Gang was started in 1972 when right fielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a mustache claiming he would have a fully grown beard at the start of the regular season. Initially, this assertion was not taken well by the organization and according to Mike Hegan, \"[Charlie] told Dick to tell Reggie to shave it off. And Dick told Reggie to shave off, and Reggie told Dick where he could shove it.\"", "She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear.", "Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:", "Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke."], "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he finally attend", "rewrite": "Where did Reggie Jackson finally attend college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke.", "Bill Russell followed with an infield single to score North and drive in the Dodgers' only run. The next batter, Reggie Smith, hit a hard ground ball to third. Nettles made a diving stop to save another extra-base hit and probable run, and threw Smith out at first to end the inning. In the fifth, the Dodgers had runners on first and second with two outs when Smith came up to bat. Nettles knocked down Smith's sharply hit ground ball down the third base line. Smith reached first, but no runs scored. Steve Garvey, the next batter up, hit another hard ground ball down the third base line, and Nettles made a backhanded stop and forced Smith at second base to end the inning. The Dodgers loaded the bases again with two outs in the sixth inning, but Nettles again made a great stop on a ball hit by Davey Lopes, and threw to second to complete the inning-ending force play. The Yankees would later add three more runs. Thurman Munson and Reggie Jackson had RBI singles in the rally that put the game out of reach, despite an otherwise fine pitching performance by Sutton. In the top of the ninth inning, when Lopes came to bat, he jokingly waved Nettles away from the third base line. Nettles shook it off. Starters Ed Figueroa and Tommy John were locked in a scoreless duel before Reggie Smith struck with a three-run homer in the top of the fifth inning. John continued his shutout through the fifth, but, in the Yankees' half of the sixth, they scored. Reggie Jackson finally got the Yankees on the board with a one-out RBI single. With Thurman Munson on second and Jackson on first, Lou Piniella hit a low, soft liner that shortstop Bill Russell fumbled (some claim intentionally).", "She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear.", "Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior.", "Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "Jackson declined Alabama and Georgia because he was fearful of the South at the time, and declined Oklahoma because they told him to stop dating white girls.", "answer_start": 302}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#2", "question": "What team did he play for", "rewrite": "What football team did Reggie Jackson play for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior.", "Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:", "She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear.", "The Mustache Gang The Mustache Gang, a term coined for the 1972 Oakland Athletic's baseball team, a team that broke the traditionally conservative baseball views by sporting mustaches. Prior to the 1970s there had only been two baseball players who had facial hair during the regular season: Stanley \"Frenchy\" Bordagaray of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who was then ordered to shave by his manager, and Wally Schang of the Philadelphia A's. This changed when the A's outfielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a fully grown mustache which would later be thought of as the catalyst that sparked the move away from the conservative baseball era. This move lead to the World Series final to be dubbed \"Hairs vs. Squares\", as the Oakland A's Mustache Gang faced off with the conservatively clean-shaven Cincinnati Reds. Baseball, before 1972, was traditionally known as a conservative era where all players were clean shaven. During this time there had even been an unwritten rule that frowned upon players with facial hair. There have been some baseball players who have grown mustaches but all showed up cleanly-shaven at the start of the regular season either by their own decision or as ordered by their managers. The Mustache Gang was started in 1972 when right fielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a mustache claiming he would have a fully grown beard at the start of the regular season. Initially, this assertion was not taken well by the organization and according to Mike Hegan, \"[Charlie] told Dick to tell Reggie to shave it off. And Dick told Reggie to shave off, and Reggie told Dick where he could shove it.\"", "Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke."], "answer": {"text": "He accepted a football scholarship from Arizona State University in Tempe;", "answer_start": 834}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he finally attend", "answer": {"text": "Jackson declined Alabama and Georgia because he was fearful of the South at the time, and declined Oklahoma because they told him to stop dating white girls.", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#3", "question": "Did he win any awards", "rewrite": "Did Reggie Jackson win any awards from playing football?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear.", "Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior.", "Rau was rusty, having only pitched in relief in one game of the 1977 NLCS. After a relatively easy first inning, Reggie Jackson hit a leadoff double in the second. Lou Piniella singled Jackson home with the first run and was doubled to third by Chris Chambliss. Lasorda then pulled Rau in favor of Rick Rhoden, resulting in a heated argument between Lasorda and Rau on the mound. The Yankees scored two more runs in the inning on an RBI groundout by Graig Nettles and an RBI single by Bucky Dent. The Dodgers scored twice in the third. Rhoden, a good hitting pitcher, hit a ground-rule double to left, and Davey Lopes followed with a two-run homer off Yankee starter Ron Guidry. The Dodgers scored nothing else off Guidry, as he pitched a four-hit complete game. The Dodgers almost tied the game in the fourth when Ron Cey sent a drive to deep left that Lou Piniella leaped up and caught. Jackson ended the scoring with an opposite-field home run off Rhoden in the sixth inning. The Dodgers needed a win to send the Series back to New York. Davey Lopes led off the first with a triple and came home when Bill Russell singled. In the fourth, the Dodgers had an RBI single by Dusty Baker and a three-run homer by Steve Yeager. Baker added another RBI single in the fifth, Lee Lacy singled home a run, and Yeager batted in another run with a sacrifice fly. Reggie Smith completed the scoring with a two-run homer in the sixth inning. The Yankees scored two runs each in the seventh and eighth; the two runs in the eighth coming on back-to-back homers by Thurman Munson and Reggie Jackson. Nevertheless, Dodger starting pitcher Don Sutton pitched a complete game for the win.", "Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke.", "Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "He broke numerous team records for the squad, and the Orioles offered him a $50,000 signing bonus if he joined the team.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he finally attend", "answer": {"text": "Jackson declined Alabama and Georgia because he was fearful of the South at the time, and declined Oklahoma because they told him to stop dating white girls.", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did he play for", "answer": {"text": "He accepted a football scholarship from Arizona State University in Tempe;", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#4", "question": "when did he switch to baseball", "rewrite": "when did Reggie Jackson switch from playing football to baseball?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke.", "Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:", "Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior.", "She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear.", "The Mustache Gang The Mustache Gang, a term coined for the 1972 Oakland Athletic's baseball team, a team that broke the traditionally conservative baseball views by sporting mustaches. Prior to the 1970s there had only been two baseball players who had facial hair during the regular season: Stanley \"Frenchy\" Bordagaray of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who was then ordered to shave by his manager, and Wally Schang of the Philadelphia A's. This changed when the A's outfielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a fully grown mustache which would later be thought of as the catalyst that sparked the move away from the conservative baseball era. This move lead to the World Series final to be dubbed \"Hairs vs. Squares\", as the Oakland A's Mustache Gang faced off with the conservatively clean-shaven Cincinnati Reds. Baseball, before 1972, was traditionally known as a conservative era where all players were clean shaven. During this time there had even been an unwritten rule that frowned upon players with facial hair. There have been some baseball players who have grown mustaches but all showed up cleanly-shaven at the start of the regular season either by their own decision or as ordered by their managers. The Mustache Gang was started in 1972 when right fielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a mustache claiming he would have a fully grown beard at the start of the regular season. Initially, this assertion was not taken well by the organization and according to Mike Hegan, \"[Charlie] told Dick to tell Reggie to shave it off. And Dick told Reggie to shave off, and Reggie told Dick where he could shove it.\""], "answer": {"text": "One day after football practice, he approached ASU baseball coach Bobby Winkles and asked if he could join the team.", "answer_start": 1156}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he finally attend", "answer": {"text": "Jackson declined Alabama and Georgia because he was fearful of the South at the time, and declined Oklahoma because they told him to stop dating white girls.", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did he play for", "answer": {"text": "He accepted a football scholarship from Arizona State University in Tempe;", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards", "answer": {"text": "He broke numerous team records for the squad, and the Orioles offered him a $50,000 signing bonus if he joined the team.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#5", "question": "Why did he chose baseball over football", "rewrite": "Why did Reggie Jackson chose baseball over football?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Mustache Gang The Mustache Gang, a term coined for the 1972 Oakland Athletic's baseball team, a team that broke the traditionally conservative baseball views by sporting mustaches. Prior to the 1970s there had only been two baseball players who had facial hair during the regular season: Stanley \"Frenchy\" Bordagaray of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who was then ordered to shave by his manager, and Wally Schang of the Philadelphia A's. This changed when the A's outfielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a fully grown mustache which would later be thought of as the catalyst that sparked the move away from the conservative baseball era. This move lead to the World Series final to be dubbed \"Hairs vs. Squares\", as the Oakland A's Mustache Gang faced off with the conservatively clean-shaven Cincinnati Reds. Baseball, before 1972, was traditionally known as a conservative era where all players were clean shaven. During this time there had even been an unwritten rule that frowned upon players with facial hair. There have been some baseball players who have grown mustaches but all showed up cleanly-shaven at the start of the regular season either by their own decision or as ordered by their managers. The Mustache Gang was started in 1972 when right fielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a mustache claiming he would have a fully grown beard at the start of the regular season. Initially, this assertion was not taken well by the organization and according to Mike Hegan, \"[Charlie] told Dick to tell Reggie to shave it off. And Dick told Reggie to shave off, and Reggie told Dick where he could shove it.\"", "She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear.", "Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke.", "Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior.", "Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:"], "answer": {"text": "Winkles said he would give Jackson a look, and the next day while still in his football gear, he hit a home run on the second pitch he saw;", "answer_start": 1273}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he finally attend", "answer": {"text": "Jackson declined Alabama and Georgia because he was fearful of the South at the time, and declined Oklahoma because they told him to stop dating white girls.", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did he play for", "answer": {"text": "He accepted a football scholarship from Arizona State University in Tempe;", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards", "answer": {"text": "He broke numerous team records for the squad, and the Orioles offered him a $50,000 signing bonus if he joined the team.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did he switch to baseball", "answer": {"text": "One day after football practice, he approached ASU baseball coach Bobby Winkles and asked if he could join the team.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#6", "question": "Did he win any awards while in college", "rewrite": "Did Reggie Jackson win any awards while in college?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:", "Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke.", "Rau was rusty, having only pitched in relief in one game of the 1977 NLCS. After a relatively easy first inning, Reggie Jackson hit a leadoff double in the second. Lou Piniella singled Jackson home with the first run and was doubled to third by Chris Chambliss. Lasorda then pulled Rau in favor of Rick Rhoden, resulting in a heated argument between Lasorda and Rau on the mound. The Yankees scored two more runs in the inning on an RBI groundout by Graig Nettles and an RBI single by Bucky Dent. The Dodgers scored twice in the third. Rhoden, a good hitting pitcher, hit a ground-rule double to left, and Davey Lopes followed with a two-run homer off Yankee starter Ron Guidry. The Dodgers scored nothing else off Guidry, as he pitched a four-hit complete game. The Dodgers almost tied the game in the fourth when Ron Cey sent a drive to deep left that Lou Piniella leaped up and caught. Jackson ended the scoring with an opposite-field home run off Rhoden in the sixth inning. The Dodgers needed a win to send the Series back to New York. Davey Lopes led off the first with a triple and came home when Bill Russell singled. In the fourth, the Dodgers had an RBI single by Dusty Baker and a three-run homer by Steve Yeager. Baker added another RBI single in the fifth, Lee Lacy singled home a run, and Yeager batted in another run with a sacrifice fly. Reggie Smith completed the scoring with a two-run homer in the sixth inning. The Yankees scored two runs each in the seventh and eighth; the two runs in the eighth coming on back-to-back homers by Thurman Munson and Reggie Jackson. Nevertheless, Dodger starting pitcher Don Sutton pitched a complete game for the win.", "She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear.", "Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior."], "answer": {"text": "led the team in numerous other categories and was first team All-American.", "answer_start": 474}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he finally attend", "answer": {"text": "Jackson declined Alabama and Georgia because he was fearful of the South at the time, and declined Oklahoma because they told him to stop dating white girls.", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did he play for", "answer": {"text": "He accepted a football scholarship from Arizona State University in Tempe;", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards", "answer": {"text": "He broke numerous team records for the squad, and the Orioles offered him a $50,000 signing bonus if he joined the team.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did he switch to baseball", "answer": {"text": "One day after football practice, he approached ASU baseball coach Bobby Winkles and asked if he could join the team.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he chose baseball over football", "answer": {"text": "Winkles said he would give Jackson a look, and the next day while still in his football gear, he hit a home run on the second pitch he saw;", "answer_start": 1273, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_384fc7eaaa0942a7ba665dabd0900bf5_1_q#7", "question": "Did he meet the president as an all american", "rewrite": "Did Reggie Jackson meet the president of the United States as an all american athlete?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Martinez Jackson Reginaldo Mart\u00ednez (1905 \u2013 April 24, 1994) was a second baseman in Negro League Baseball who played in the 1930s for the Newark Eagles. Mart\u00ednez is best known for being the father of the outfielder and Baseball Hall of Fame member Reggie Jackson. According to reports, Mr. Jackson was paid $7 for a baseball game in the Negro Leagues, $14 for doubleheaders, before opening his own tailor shop in Philadelphia to make a better life for his wife and three sons. During his interviews, Reggie Jackson loved to talk about his father and the values Mr. Mart\u00ednez instilled in him. \" He was a no-excuses man,\" Reggie has explained. \"Just like George\", in reference to his former employer George Steinbrenner, owner of the New York Yankees. \"I did anything I could do not to go into the shop and have to work on the pressing machine,\" he added. Afterwards, the deal was that Reggie had to be on the first team or else he had to come to work at the tailor shop after school. Mr. Mart\u00ednez also talked proudly of his son Reggie, as he carried with him business cards that read: 'Marty the Tailor, Father of Famous Reggie Jackson'. He was present when Reggie was inducted into the Hall of Fame in January 1993 and later joined him in Cooperstown, even though his health had not been good in the months prior to the ceremonies. For a long time, he had a chronic bad leg as result of a World War II injury suffered while serving in North Africa. Almost until the end, Mr. Martinez would spend time in his tailor shop. Formerly named 'Jack the Tailor of Ranstead Street,' he later became 'Marty the Tailor of Spencer Street in Olney'. He died in 1994 in Philadelphia at the age of 89, following complications from a stroke.", "The Mustache Gang The Mustache Gang, a term coined for the 1972 Oakland Athletic's baseball team, a team that broke the traditionally conservative baseball views by sporting mustaches. Prior to the 1970s there had only been two baseball players who had facial hair during the regular season: Stanley \"Frenchy\" Bordagaray of the Brooklyn Dodgers, who was then ordered to shave by his manager, and Wally Schang of the Philadelphia A's. This changed when the A's outfielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a fully grown mustache which would later be thought of as the catalyst that sparked the move away from the conservative baseball era. This move lead to the World Series final to be dubbed \"Hairs vs. Squares\", as the Oakland A's Mustache Gang faced off with the conservatively clean-shaven Cincinnati Reds. Baseball, before 1972, was traditionally known as a conservative era where all players were clean shaven. During this time there had even been an unwritten rule that frowned upon players with facial hair. There have been some baseball players who have grown mustaches but all showed up cleanly-shaven at the start of the regular season either by their own decision or as ordered by their managers. The Mustache Gang was started in 1972 when right fielder, Reggie Jackson, showed up to spring training with a mustache claiming he would have a fully grown beard at the start of the regular season. Initially, this assertion was not taken well by the organization and according to Mike Hegan, \"[Charlie] told Dick to tell Reggie to shave it off. And Dick told Reggie to shave off, and Reggie told Dick where he could shove it.\"", "Reggie Jackson (disambiguation)  Reggie Jackson (born 1946) is an American retired baseball player. Reggie Jackson may also refer to:", "Reggie Jackson put an exclamation point on the win with a three-run homer in the eighth off Al Hrabosky. Royals' starter Larry Gura pitched six shutout innings and won with relief help from Marty Pattin and Al Hrabosky. The Royals' hitting stars were Darrell Porter, Frank White, and Fred Patek with two RBIs each, Patek's on a home run. Yankee starter Catfish Hunter pitched a fine game, going six innings, except for one thing: three consecutive home runs by George Brett. Still, Hunter had a 4\u20133 lead after six thanks to a homer, RBI single, and sacrifice fly by Reggie Jackson. Jackson also scored a run in the fourth when Fred Patek overthrew Darrell Porter at home plate as Jackson was attempting to score on a hit by Lou Piniella. The Royals, however, got to Goose Gossage in the top of the eighth. Amos Otis doubled to right and Porter singled him in to tie it. After a Clint Hurdle single, Porter scored the go-ahead run on a groundout by Al Cowens. But, the Yanks would not be denied. After a one-out single by Roy White, Royals manager Whitey Herzog replaced his starter, left-hander Paul Splittorff, with right-hander Doug Bird to face Thurman Munson. Munson then greeted Bird with a 460-foot, game-winning, two-run blast into the Yankee bullpen in deep left-center field. Gossage retired the Royals in the ninth and got the win. The other irony of this game, besides Brett's three homers in a losing effort, was that Reggie Jackson was so productive against Paul Splittorff after former manager Billy Martin's claims that Jackson couldn't hit Splittorff during the 1977 American League Championship Series the year prior.", "She has a generally pessimistic, sarcastic attitude towards mostly everything. For the majority of season 2, she dates Reggie Jackson, the first son of Larry and Jackie. Reggie Jackson (portrayed by Tim Jo) is the well-meaning older son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. Though he shows romantic interest in Amber, he breaks up with her midway through the second season due to his Zabvronian \"soulmate,\" Jane. His name comes from Reggie Jackson, an American baseball player. Dick Beef Butkus (portrayed by Ian Patrick) is the younger son of the Bird-Joyner-Kersee family. He has unique and odd behavior and, at a certain point during the first season, experiences a strong love for a toaster. His name was taken from professional football player Dick Butkus. Max Weaver (portrayed by Max Charles) is the middle child of the Weaver family. Though he is not very intelligent, he sometimes has unexpected good fortune fall in his favor, including qualifying for his school's spelling bee by spelling his last name. Abby Weaver (portrayed by Isabella Cramp) is the youngest child of the Weaver family. She is known for being sassy towards her brother. Abby is one of the few members of the family who is able to talk to Amber without fear."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Reggie Jackson go to college?", "answer": {"text": "In football, he was recruited by Alabama, Georgia, and Oklahoma, all of whom were willing to break the color barrier just for Jackson (", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he finally attend", "answer": {"text": "Jackson declined Alabama and Georgia because he was fearful of the South at the time, and declined Oklahoma because they told him to stop dating white girls.", "answer_start": 302, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did he play for", "answer": {"text": "He accepted a football scholarship from Arizona State University in Tempe;", "answer_start": 834, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards", "answer": {"text": "He broke numerous team records for the squad, and the Orioles offered him a $50,000 signing bonus if he joined the team.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did he switch to baseball", "answer": {"text": "One day after football practice, he approached ASU baseball coach Bobby Winkles and asked if he could join the team.", "answer_start": 1156, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did he chose baseball over football", "answer": {"text": "Winkles said he would give Jackson a look, and the next day while still in his football gear, he hit a home run on the second pitch he saw;", "answer_start": 1273, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards while in college", "answer": {"text": "led the team in numerous other categories and was first team All-American.", "answer_start": 474, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#0", "question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "rewrite": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While there the division was reinforced with the addition of the 168th Brigade, detached from its parent 56th Division, with which Kirkman had served before, bringing the 50th up to a strength of three brigades. Kirkman's division was, by the time he became GOC, a highly experienced formation, having served in France and Belgium in 1940, in the Middle East from 1941 to 1942, and in many battles in North Africa in 1942 (there losing its 150th Brigade). For the invasion the division was part of XIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey, who Kirkman knew from the Staff College, although Dempsey had, like Nichols, been in the year senior to him. He led the division during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July\u2013August. After the Sicilian campaign was over the division was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy, planned for the spring of 1944. Shortly before the relatively brief Sicilian campaign ended Kirkman was, on 5 August 1943, made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In mid-January, however, Kirkman handed over the 50th Division to Major-General Douglas Graham and received orders to proceed to Italy to succeed Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, who was to return home to take command of the British Second Army, with Kirkman succeeding him as GOC XIII Corps. Therefore, on 20 January 1944 Kirkman was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant general (although he was still only a substantive lieutenant colonel). Kirkman was requested specifically by Lieutenant General Sir Oliver Leese, who in late December 1943 had succeeded Montgomery as GOC Eighth Army, having formed a high opinion of Kirkman in North Africa and Sicily.", "Operation Bluecoat Operation Bluecoat was an offensive in the Battle of Normandy, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army (Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey), were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pin\u00e7on. Operationally, the attack was made to exploit the success of Operation Cobra by the First US Army after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead and tactically to exploit the withdrawal of the 2nd Panzer Division from the Caumont area, to take part in \"Unternehmen L\u00fcttich\" (Operation Li\u00e8ge) a counter-offensive against the Americans. From the British Second Army conducted Operation Goodwood in a southerly direction, south-east of Caen on the eastern flank of the Allied beachhead, which had forced the Germans to keep the bulk of their armoured units in the east around Caen. After Goodwood, Ultra revealed that the Germans planned to move the 21st Panzer Division out of the line, in preparation to moving it to the west (American) sector of the front. On 25 July, after a false start the day before, the United States First Army began Operation Cobra. The inter-army boundary between the British right flank and the US First Army was moved, with British forces taking over a sector previously manned by the US V Corps, against which were lightly armed German infantry, which gave an opportunity for a new operation to keep tying down German armour. The VIII Corps headquarters and the 7th, 11th and Guards Armoured divisions of the British Second Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey, were moved westwards toward Caumont on the western flank of British XXX Corps, to relieve the US V Corps.", "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command and then Land Force Commander, South East Asia. By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese. Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army without taking the limelight. This was despite the stalemate in Normandy and the failure to advance beyond Antwerp and thus ensure that German forces remained isolated. He was claimed by military historian Carlo D'Este to be:  A career infantryman, Dempsey was an ardent student of military history and during the interwar period had frequently visited Europe to study its battlefields firsthand. Blessed with an active and incisive mind, a phenomenal memory and a unique skill in reading maps, Dempsey would soon leave his army staff in awe over his ability to remember everything he saw on a map, to bring a landscape literally to life in his mind even though he had never actually seen it. This talent proved particularly important during the crucial battles around Caen in June and July 1944. Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command. The two men shared many qualities, including a disdain for paperwork and a determination, based on their First World War experiences, never to waste their soldiers lives.", "The 9th (Reserve) Battalion was originally a service battalion of Kitchener's Fourth New Army formed in 1914 until 1915 when it became the 37th Training Reserve Battalion and supplied the service battalions overseas with replacements. The 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th battalions were all formed in 1916, serving in France and were transferred to the Labour Corps and remained there for the rest of the war. Throughout the war, the regiment lost 6,688 men killed and many thousands more wounded. After the Great War, as it was and still is known, was over the 3rd Battalion was disembodied and all the service battalions were disbanded as well as the Territorial Force which was reformed in 1920 as the Territorial Army. Miles Dempsey served with the regiment after being commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1915, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery. He would serve with distinction in the Second World War in France, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and North-Western Europe and became the Commander of the British Second Army from D-Day onwards. In 1921 the titles switched to become the Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's). The Second World War also saw an expansion for the regiment but not quite to the extent of the Great War. However, casualties were still heavy and the Royal Berkshire Regiment lost 1067 men killed including 974 other ranks and 93 officers killed in action with many hundreds more wounded. The 1st Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Miles Dempsey, was still assigned to the 6th Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Infantry Division, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1939 after war was declared. They took part in the Battle of France in 1940 and were evacuated during the Battle of Dunkirk. However, the 2nd Division, 1st Royal Berkshires included, was sent to India in 1942, after the Imperial Japanese Army conquered much of Burma in early 1942.", "Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier  Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier (died 1714) was an Irish aristocrat. He was the son of Lewis O'Dempsey, 2nd Viscount Clanmalier and succeeded him in 1683. He was of mixed Gaelic and Old English descent. He was a Roman Catholic and a supporter of his fellow Catholic King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland. He was appointed Governor of Queen's County by James and attended the Irish House of Lords in the Patriot Parliament of 1689. He died in 1714. Although he had been married twice, to Anne Bermingham and Margaret FitzMaurice, he was childless and his position as Clan Chief was inherited by his younger brother, Terence O'Dempsey, who fled to Cheshire, England after the confiscation of the family estates carrying with him the original King Charles 1st Title document. This Terence was the ancestor of James Dempsey of Liverpool, a notable Georgian period merchant and ship owner and General sir Miles Dempsey, who commanded the British 2nd Army at D Day during WW2. ."], "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#1", "question": "Did he have to lead his command into battle", "rewrite": "Did Miles Dempsey have to lead his command into battle", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The 9th (Reserve) Battalion was originally a service battalion of Kitchener's Fourth New Army formed in 1914 until 1915 when it became the 37th Training Reserve Battalion and supplied the service battalions overseas with replacements. The 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th battalions were all formed in 1916, serving in France and were transferred to the Labour Corps and remained there for the rest of the war. Throughout the war, the regiment lost 6,688 men killed and many thousands more wounded. After the Great War, as it was and still is known, was over the 3rd Battalion was disembodied and all the service battalions were disbanded as well as the Territorial Force which was reformed in 1920 as the Territorial Army. Miles Dempsey served with the regiment after being commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1915, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery. He would serve with distinction in the Second World War in France, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and North-Western Europe and became the Commander of the British Second Army from D-Day onwards. In 1921 the titles switched to become the Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's). The Second World War also saw an expansion for the regiment but not quite to the extent of the Great War. However, casualties were still heavy and the Royal Berkshire Regiment lost 1067 men killed including 974 other ranks and 93 officers killed in action with many hundreds more wounded. The 1st Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Miles Dempsey, was still assigned to the 6th Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Infantry Division, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1939 after war was declared. They took part in the Battle of France in 1940 and were evacuated during the Battle of Dunkirk. However, the 2nd Division, 1st Royal Berkshires included, was sent to India in 1942, after the Imperial Japanese Army conquered much of Burma in early 1942.", "Operation Bluecoat Operation Bluecoat was an offensive in the Battle of Normandy, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army (Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey), were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pin\u00e7on. Operationally, the attack was made to exploit the success of Operation Cobra by the First US Army after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead and tactically to exploit the withdrawal of the 2nd Panzer Division from the Caumont area, to take part in \"Unternehmen L\u00fcttich\" (Operation Li\u00e8ge) a counter-offensive against the Americans. From the British Second Army conducted Operation Goodwood in a southerly direction, south-east of Caen on the eastern flank of the Allied beachhead, which had forced the Germans to keep the bulk of their armoured units in the east around Caen. After Goodwood, Ultra revealed that the Germans planned to move the 21st Panzer Division out of the line, in preparation to moving it to the west (American) sector of the front. On 25 July, after a false start the day before, the United States First Army began Operation Cobra. The inter-army boundary between the British right flank and the US First Army was moved, with British forces taking over a sector previously manned by the US V Corps, against which were lightly armed German infantry, which gave an opportunity for a new operation to keep tying down German armour. The VIII Corps headquarters and the 7th, 11th and Guards Armoured divisions of the British Second Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey, were moved westwards toward Caumont on the western flank of British XXX Corps, to relieve the US V Corps.", "Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier  Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier (died 1714) was an Irish aristocrat. He was the son of Lewis O'Dempsey, 2nd Viscount Clanmalier and succeeded him in 1683. He was of mixed Gaelic and Old English descent. He was a Roman Catholic and a supporter of his fellow Catholic King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland. He was appointed Governor of Queen's County by James and attended the Irish House of Lords in the Patriot Parliament of 1689. He died in 1714. Although he had been married twice, to Anne Bermingham and Margaret FitzMaurice, he was childless and his position as Clan Chief was inherited by his younger brother, Terence O'Dempsey, who fled to Cheshire, England after the confiscation of the family estates carrying with him the original King Charles 1st Title document. This Terence was the ancestor of James Dempsey of Liverpool, a notable Georgian period merchant and ship owner and General sir Miles Dempsey, who commanded the British 2nd Army at D Day during WW2. .", "While there the division was reinforced with the addition of the 168th Brigade, detached from its parent 56th Division, with which Kirkman had served before, bringing the 50th up to a strength of three brigades. Kirkman's division was, by the time he became GOC, a highly experienced formation, having served in France and Belgium in 1940, in the Middle East from 1941 to 1942, and in many battles in North Africa in 1942 (there losing its 150th Brigade). For the invasion the division was part of XIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey, who Kirkman knew from the Staff College, although Dempsey had, like Nichols, been in the year senior to him. He led the division during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July\u2013August. After the Sicilian campaign was over the division was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy, planned for the spring of 1944. Shortly before the relatively brief Sicilian campaign ended Kirkman was, on 5 August 1943, made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In mid-January, however, Kirkman handed over the 50th Division to Major-General Douglas Graham and received orders to proceed to Italy to succeed Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, who was to return home to take command of the British Second Army, with Kirkman succeeding him as GOC XIII Corps. Therefore, on 20 January 1944 Kirkman was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant general (although he was still only a substantive lieutenant colonel). Kirkman was requested specifically by Lieutenant General Sir Oliver Leese, who in late December 1943 had succeeded Montgomery as GOC Eighth Army, having formed a high opinion of Kirkman in North Africa and Sicily.", "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command and then Land Force Commander, South East Asia. By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese. Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army without taking the limelight. This was despite the stalemate in Normandy and the failure to advance beyond Antwerp and thus ensure that German forces remained isolated. He was claimed by military historian Carlo D'Este to be:  A career infantryman, Dempsey was an ardent student of military history and during the interwar period had frequently visited Europe to study its battlefields firsthand. Blessed with an active and incisive mind, a phenomenal memory and a unique skill in reading maps, Dempsey would soon leave his army staff in awe over his ability to remember everything he saw on a map, to bring a landscape literally to life in his mind even though he had never actually seen it. This talent proved particularly important during the crucial battles around Caen in June and July 1944. Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command. The two men shared many qualities, including a disdain for paperwork and a determination, based on their First World War experiences, never to waste their soldiers lives."], "answer": {"text": "By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 185}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#2", "question": "Did they release the prisoners since the war was over?", "rewrite": "Did Miles Dempsey release the prisoners since the war was over?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command and then Land Force Commander, South East Asia. By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese. Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army without taking the limelight. This was despite the stalemate in Normandy and the failure to advance beyond Antwerp and thus ensure that German forces remained isolated. He was claimed by military historian Carlo D'Este to be:  A career infantryman, Dempsey was an ardent student of military history and during the interwar period had frequently visited Europe to study its battlefields firsthand. Blessed with an active and incisive mind, a phenomenal memory and a unique skill in reading maps, Dempsey would soon leave his army staff in awe over his ability to remember everything he saw on a map, to bring a landscape literally to life in his mind even though he had never actually seen it. This talent proved particularly important during the crucial battles around Caen in June and July 1944. Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command. The two men shared many qualities, including a disdain for paperwork and a determination, based on their First World War experiences, never to waste their soldiers lives.", "Operation Bluecoat Operation Bluecoat was an offensive in the Battle of Normandy, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army (Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey), were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pin\u00e7on. Operationally, the attack was made to exploit the success of Operation Cobra by the First US Army after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead and tactically to exploit the withdrawal of the 2nd Panzer Division from the Caumont area, to take part in \"Unternehmen L\u00fcttich\" (Operation Li\u00e8ge) a counter-offensive against the Americans. From the British Second Army conducted Operation Goodwood in a southerly direction, south-east of Caen on the eastern flank of the Allied beachhead, which had forced the Germans to keep the bulk of their armoured units in the east around Caen. After Goodwood, Ultra revealed that the Germans planned to move the 21st Panzer Division out of the line, in preparation to moving it to the west (American) sector of the front. On 25 July, after a false start the day before, the United States First Army began Operation Cobra. The inter-army boundary between the British right flank and the US First Army was moved, with British forces taking over a sector previously manned by the US V Corps, against which were lightly armed German infantry, which gave an opportunity for a new operation to keep tying down German armour. The VIII Corps headquarters and the 7th, 11th and Guards Armoured divisions of the British Second Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey, were moved westwards toward Caumont on the western flank of British XXX Corps, to relieve the US V Corps.", "While there the division was reinforced with the addition of the 168th Brigade, detached from its parent 56th Division, with which Kirkman had served before, bringing the 50th up to a strength of three brigades. Kirkman's division was, by the time he became GOC, a highly experienced formation, having served in France and Belgium in 1940, in the Middle East from 1941 to 1942, and in many battles in North Africa in 1942 (there losing its 150th Brigade). For the invasion the division was part of XIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey, who Kirkman knew from the Staff College, although Dempsey had, like Nichols, been in the year senior to him. He led the division during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July\u2013August. After the Sicilian campaign was over the division was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy, planned for the spring of 1944. Shortly before the relatively brief Sicilian campaign ended Kirkman was, on 5 August 1943, made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In mid-January, however, Kirkman handed over the 50th Division to Major-General Douglas Graham and received orders to proceed to Italy to succeed Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, who was to return home to take command of the British Second Army, with Kirkman succeeding him as GOC XIII Corps. Therefore, on 20 January 1944 Kirkman was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant general (although he was still only a substantive lieutenant colonel). Kirkman was requested specifically by Lieutenant General Sir Oliver Leese, who in late December 1943 had succeeded Montgomery as GOC Eighth Army, having formed a high opinion of Kirkman in North Africa and Sicily.", "The 9th (Reserve) Battalion was originally a service battalion of Kitchener's Fourth New Army formed in 1914 until 1915 when it became the 37th Training Reserve Battalion and supplied the service battalions overseas with replacements. The 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th battalions were all formed in 1916, serving in France and were transferred to the Labour Corps and remained there for the rest of the war. Throughout the war, the regiment lost 6,688 men killed and many thousands more wounded. After the Great War, as it was and still is known, was over the 3rd Battalion was disembodied and all the service battalions were disbanded as well as the Territorial Force which was reformed in 1920 as the Territorial Army. Miles Dempsey served with the regiment after being commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1915, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery. He would serve with distinction in the Second World War in France, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and North-Western Europe and became the Commander of the British Second Army from D-Day onwards. In 1921 the titles switched to become the Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's). The Second World War also saw an expansion for the regiment but not quite to the extent of the Great War. However, casualties were still heavy and the Royal Berkshire Regiment lost 1067 men killed including 974 other ranks and 93 officers killed in action with many hundreds more wounded. The 1st Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Miles Dempsey, was still assigned to the 6th Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Infantry Division, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1939 after war was declared. They took part in the Battle of France in 1940 and were evacuated during the Battle of Dunkirk. However, the 2nd Division, 1st Royal Berkshires included, was sent to India in 1942, after the Imperial Japanese Army conquered much of Burma in early 1942.", "Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier  Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier (died 1714) was an Irish aristocrat. He was the son of Lewis O'Dempsey, 2nd Viscount Clanmalier and succeeded him in 1683. He was of mixed Gaelic and Old English descent. He was a Roman Catholic and a supporter of his fellow Catholic King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland. He was appointed Governor of Queen's County by James and attended the Irish House of Lords in the Patriot Parliament of 1689. He died in 1714. Although he had been married twice, to Anne Bermingham and Margaret FitzMaurice, he was childless and his position as Clan Chief was inherited by his younger brother, Terence O'Dempsey, who fled to Cheshire, England after the confiscation of the family estates carrying with him the original King Charles 1st Title document. This Terence was the ancestor of James Dempsey of Liverpool, a notable Georgian period merchant and ship owner and General sir Miles Dempsey, who commanded the British 2nd Army at D Day during WW2. ."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have to lead his command into battle", "answer": {"text": "By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#3", "question": "What other notable events happened while he was in the far east?", "rewrite": "What other notable events happened while Miles Dempsey was in the far east, besides the obvious?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["While there the division was reinforced with the addition of the 168th Brigade, detached from its parent 56th Division, with which Kirkman had served before, bringing the 50th up to a strength of three brigades. Kirkman's division was, by the time he became GOC, a highly experienced formation, having served in France and Belgium in 1940, in the Middle East from 1941 to 1942, and in many battles in North Africa in 1942 (there losing its 150th Brigade). For the invasion the division was part of XIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey, who Kirkman knew from the Staff College, although Dempsey had, like Nichols, been in the year senior to him. He led the division during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July\u2013August. After the Sicilian campaign was over the division was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy, planned for the spring of 1944. Shortly before the relatively brief Sicilian campaign ended Kirkman was, on 5 August 1943, made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In mid-January, however, Kirkman handed over the 50th Division to Major-General Douglas Graham and received orders to proceed to Italy to succeed Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, who was to return home to take command of the British Second Army, with Kirkman succeeding him as GOC XIII Corps. Therefore, on 20 January 1944 Kirkman was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant general (although he was still only a substantive lieutenant colonel). Kirkman was requested specifically by Lieutenant General Sir Oliver Leese, who in late December 1943 had succeeded Montgomery as GOC Eighth Army, having formed a high opinion of Kirkman in North Africa and Sicily.", "Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier  Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier (died 1714) was an Irish aristocrat. He was the son of Lewis O'Dempsey, 2nd Viscount Clanmalier and succeeded him in 1683. He was of mixed Gaelic and Old English descent. He was a Roman Catholic and a supporter of his fellow Catholic King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland. He was appointed Governor of Queen's County by James and attended the Irish House of Lords in the Patriot Parliament of 1689. He died in 1714. Although he had been married twice, to Anne Bermingham and Margaret FitzMaurice, he was childless and his position as Clan Chief was inherited by his younger brother, Terence O'Dempsey, who fled to Cheshire, England after the confiscation of the family estates carrying with him the original King Charles 1st Title document. This Terence was the ancestor of James Dempsey of Liverpool, a notable Georgian period merchant and ship owner and General sir Miles Dempsey, who commanded the British 2nd Army at D Day during WW2. .", "The 9th (Reserve) Battalion was originally a service battalion of Kitchener's Fourth New Army formed in 1914 until 1915 when it became the 37th Training Reserve Battalion and supplied the service battalions overseas with replacements. The 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th battalions were all formed in 1916, serving in France and were transferred to the Labour Corps and remained there for the rest of the war. Throughout the war, the regiment lost 6,688 men killed and many thousands more wounded. After the Great War, as it was and still is known, was over the 3rd Battalion was disembodied and all the service battalions were disbanded as well as the Territorial Force which was reformed in 1920 as the Territorial Army. Miles Dempsey served with the regiment after being commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1915, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery. He would serve with distinction in the Second World War in France, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and North-Western Europe and became the Commander of the British Second Army from D-Day onwards. In 1921 the titles switched to become the Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's). The Second World War also saw an expansion for the regiment but not quite to the extent of the Great War. However, casualties were still heavy and the Royal Berkshire Regiment lost 1067 men killed including 974 other ranks and 93 officers killed in action with many hundreds more wounded. The 1st Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Miles Dempsey, was still assigned to the 6th Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Infantry Division, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1939 after war was declared. They took part in the Battle of France in 1940 and were evacuated during the Battle of Dunkirk. However, the 2nd Division, 1st Royal Berkshires included, was sent to India in 1942, after the Imperial Japanese Army conquered much of Burma in early 1942.", "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command and then Land Force Commander, South East Asia. By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese. Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army without taking the limelight. This was despite the stalemate in Normandy and the failure to advance beyond Antwerp and thus ensure that German forces remained isolated. He was claimed by military historian Carlo D'Este to be:  A career infantryman, Dempsey was an ardent student of military history and during the interwar period had frequently visited Europe to study its battlefields firsthand. Blessed with an active and incisive mind, a phenomenal memory and a unique skill in reading maps, Dempsey would soon leave his army staff in awe over his ability to remember everything he saw on a map, to bring a landscape literally to life in his mind even though he had never actually seen it. This talent proved particularly important during the crucial battles around Caen in June and July 1944. Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command. The two men shared many qualities, including a disdain for paperwork and a determination, based on their First World War experiences, never to waste their soldiers lives.", "Operation Bluecoat Operation Bluecoat was an offensive in the Battle of Normandy, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army (Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey), were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pin\u00e7on. Operationally, the attack was made to exploit the success of Operation Cobra by the First US Army after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead and tactically to exploit the withdrawal of the 2nd Panzer Division from the Caumont area, to take part in \"Unternehmen L\u00fcttich\" (Operation Li\u00e8ge) a counter-offensive against the Americans. From the British Second Army conducted Operation Goodwood in a southerly direction, south-east of Caen on the eastern flank of the Allied beachhead, which had forced the Germans to keep the bulk of their armoured units in the east around Caen. After Goodwood, Ultra revealed that the Germans planned to move the 21st Panzer Division out of the line, in preparation to moving it to the west (American) sector of the front. On 25 July, after a false start the day before, the United States First Army began Operation Cobra. The inter-army boundary between the British right flank and the US First Army was moved, with British forces taking over a sector previously manned by the US V Corps, against which were lightly armed German infantry, which gave an opportunity for a new operation to keep tying down German armour. The VIII Corps headquarters and the 7th, 11th and Guards Armoured divisions of the British Second Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey, were moved westwards toward Caumont on the western flank of British XXX Corps, to relieve the US V Corps."], "answer": {"text": "Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army", "answer_start": 354}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have to lead his command into battle", "answer": {"text": "By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release the prisoners since the war was over?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#4", "question": "Did he recieve any awards for this accomplishment", "rewrite": "Did  Miles Dempsey receive any awards for his accomplishment", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier  Maximilian O'Dempsey, 3rd Viscount Clanmalier (died 1714) was an Irish aristocrat. He was the son of Lewis O'Dempsey, 2nd Viscount Clanmalier and succeeded him in 1683. He was of mixed Gaelic and Old English descent. He was a Roman Catholic and a supporter of his fellow Catholic King James II during the Williamite War in Ireland. He was appointed Governor of Queen's County by James and attended the Irish House of Lords in the Patriot Parliament of 1689. He died in 1714. Although he had been married twice, to Anne Bermingham and Margaret FitzMaurice, he was childless and his position as Clan Chief was inherited by his younger brother, Terence O'Dempsey, who fled to Cheshire, England after the confiscation of the family estates carrying with him the original King Charles 1st Title document. This Terence was the ancestor of James Dempsey of Liverpool, a notable Georgian period merchant and ship owner and General sir Miles Dempsey, who commanded the British 2nd Army at D Day during WW2. .", "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command and then Land Force Commander, South East Asia. By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese. Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army without taking the limelight. This was despite the stalemate in Normandy and the failure to advance beyond Antwerp and thus ensure that German forces remained isolated. He was claimed by military historian Carlo D'Este to be:  A career infantryman, Dempsey was an ardent student of military history and during the interwar period had frequently visited Europe to study its battlefields firsthand. Blessed with an active and incisive mind, a phenomenal memory and a unique skill in reading maps, Dempsey would soon leave his army staff in awe over his ability to remember everything he saw on a map, to bring a landscape literally to life in his mind even though he had never actually seen it. This talent proved particularly important during the crucial battles around Caen in June and July 1944. Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command. The two men shared many qualities, including a disdain for paperwork and a determination, based on their First World War experiences, never to waste their soldiers lives.", "The 9th (Reserve) Battalion was originally a service battalion of Kitchener's Fourth New Army formed in 1914 until 1915 when it became the 37th Training Reserve Battalion and supplied the service battalions overseas with replacements. The 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th battalions were all formed in 1916, serving in France and were transferred to the Labour Corps and remained there for the rest of the war. Throughout the war, the regiment lost 6,688 men killed and many thousands more wounded. After the Great War, as it was and still is known, was over the 3rd Battalion was disembodied and all the service battalions were disbanded as well as the Territorial Force which was reformed in 1920 as the Territorial Army. Miles Dempsey served with the regiment after being commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1915, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery. He would serve with distinction in the Second World War in France, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and North-Western Europe and became the Commander of the British Second Army from D-Day onwards. In 1921 the titles switched to become the Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's). The Second World War also saw an expansion for the regiment but not quite to the extent of the Great War. However, casualties were still heavy and the Royal Berkshire Regiment lost 1067 men killed including 974 other ranks and 93 officers killed in action with many hundreds more wounded. The 1st Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Miles Dempsey, was still assigned to the 6th Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Infantry Division, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1939 after war was declared. They took part in the Battle of France in 1940 and were evacuated during the Battle of Dunkirk. However, the 2nd Division, 1st Royal Berkshires included, was sent to India in 1942, after the Imperial Japanese Army conquered much of Burma in early 1942.", "Operation Bluecoat Operation Bluecoat was an offensive in the Battle of Normandy, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army (Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey), were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pin\u00e7on. Operationally, the attack was made to exploit the success of Operation Cobra by the First US Army after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead and tactically to exploit the withdrawal of the 2nd Panzer Division from the Caumont area, to take part in \"Unternehmen L\u00fcttich\" (Operation Li\u00e8ge) a counter-offensive against the Americans. From the British Second Army conducted Operation Goodwood in a southerly direction, south-east of Caen on the eastern flank of the Allied beachhead, which had forced the Germans to keep the bulk of their armoured units in the east around Caen. After Goodwood, Ultra revealed that the Germans planned to move the 21st Panzer Division out of the line, in preparation to moving it to the west (American) sector of the front. On 25 July, after a false start the day before, the United States First Army began Operation Cobra. The inter-army boundary between the British right flank and the US First Army was moved, with British forces taking over a sector previously manned by the US V Corps, against which were lightly armed German infantry, which gave an opportunity for a new operation to keep tying down German armour. The VIII Corps headquarters and the 7th, 11th and Guards Armoured divisions of the British Second Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey, were moved westwards toward Caumont on the western flank of British XXX Corps, to relieve the US V Corps.", "While there the division was reinforced with the addition of the 168th Brigade, detached from its parent 56th Division, with which Kirkman had served before, bringing the 50th up to a strength of three brigades. Kirkman's division was, by the time he became GOC, a highly experienced formation, having served in France and Belgium in 1940, in the Middle East from 1941 to 1942, and in many battles in North Africa in 1942 (there losing its 150th Brigade). For the invasion the division was part of XIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey, who Kirkman knew from the Staff College, although Dempsey had, like Nichols, been in the year senior to him. He led the division during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July\u2013August. After the Sicilian campaign was over the division was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy, planned for the spring of 1944. Shortly before the relatively brief Sicilian campaign ended Kirkman was, on 5 August 1943, made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In mid-January, however, Kirkman handed over the 50th Division to Major-General Douglas Graham and received orders to proceed to Italy to succeed Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, who was to return home to take command of the British Second Army, with Kirkman succeeding him as GOC XIII Corps. Therefore, on 20 January 1944 Kirkman was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant general (although he was still only a substantive lieutenant colonel). Kirkman was requested specifically by Lieutenant General Sir Oliver Leese, who in late December 1943 had succeeded Montgomery as GOC Eighth Army, having formed a high opinion of Kirkman in North Africa and Sicily."], "answer": {"text": "Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command.", "answer_start": 1313}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have to lead his command into battle", "answer": {"text": "By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release the prisoners since the war was over?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other notable events happened while he was in the far east?", "answer": {"text": "Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#5", "question": "Was he then promoted to command?", "rewrite": "Was Miles Dempsey  promoted to command?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["However, the German defeat at Stalingrad in February 1943 removed the threat of invasion and the division was available for service elsewhere. Travelling and training in both amphibious landings and mountain warfare in the Lebanon, Egypt and Syria, the division became part of Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey's XIII Corps, itself part of the British Eighth Army, under General Sir Bernard Montgomery. Berney-Ficklin, promoted on 5 May 1943 to permanent major general (with seniority backdated to 17 November 1941), knew Dempsey well, as the latter had commanded the 13th Brigade while the former commanded the 15th Brigade in France. On 10 July Berney-Ficklin's 5th Division landed on the Italian island of Sicily as part of the Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily. They were amongst the first British troops to land in Europe for more than three years. Before the day was over his division had captured Syracuse, with Augusta falling soon days later. Thereafter the division, aiming for Messina, who had faced only light resistance from the Italian Army, faced stiffening opposition from the Germans, in particular from the Hermann G\u00f6ring Division in the Plain of Catania. Before the campaign was over, however, on 3 August Berney-Ficklin was relieved of his command and replaced as GOC by Major General Gerard Bucknall, a prot\u00e9g\u00e9 of Montgomery's who was two years younger, and returned to England. Despite being a popular GOC, his performance in Sicily had impressed neither Montgomery or Dempsey, thus ending Berney-Ficklin's long association with the division. Ironically Bucknall, who commanded the 5th Division in the early stages of the Italian Campaign before being promoted to the command of XXX Corps in the Normandy Campaign, would himself be relieved of his command exactly a year later, for much the same reason as Berney-Ficklin was relieved.", "Operation Bluecoat Operation Bluecoat was an offensive in the Battle of Normandy, from 30 July until 7 August 1944, during the Second World War. The geographical objectives of the attack, undertaken by VIII Corps and XXX Corps of the British Second Army (Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey), were to secure the road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pin\u00e7on. Operationally, the attack was made to exploit the success of Operation Cobra by the First US Army after it broke out on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead and tactically to exploit the withdrawal of the 2nd Panzer Division from the Caumont area, to take part in \"Unternehmen L\u00fcttich\" (Operation Li\u00e8ge) a counter-offensive against the Americans. From the British Second Army conducted Operation Goodwood in a southerly direction, south-east of Caen on the eastern flank of the Allied beachhead, which had forced the Germans to keep the bulk of their armoured units in the east around Caen. After Goodwood, Ultra revealed that the Germans planned to move the 21st Panzer Division out of the line, in preparation to moving it to the west (American) sector of the front. On 25 July, after a false start the day before, the United States First Army began Operation Cobra. The inter-army boundary between the British right flank and the US First Army was moved, with British forces taking over a sector previously manned by the US V Corps, against which were lightly armed German infantry, which gave an opportunity for a new operation to keep tying down German armour. The VIII Corps headquarters and the 7th, 11th and Guards Armoured divisions of the British Second Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Miles Dempsey, were moved westwards toward Caumont on the western flank of British XXX Corps, to relieve the US V Corps.", "The 9th (Reserve) Battalion was originally a service battalion of Kitchener's Fourth New Army formed in 1914 until 1915 when it became the 37th Training Reserve Battalion and supplied the service battalions overseas with replacements. The 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th battalions were all formed in 1916, serving in France and were transferred to the Labour Corps and remained there for the rest of the war. Throughout the war, the regiment lost 6,688 men killed and many thousands more wounded. After the Great War, as it was and still is known, was over the 3rd Battalion was disembodied and all the service battalions were disbanded as well as the Territorial Force which was reformed in 1920 as the Territorial Army. Miles Dempsey served with the regiment after being commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1915, where he was awarded the Military Cross for bravery. He would serve with distinction in the Second World War in France, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and North-Western Europe and became the Commander of the British Second Army from D-Day onwards. In 1921 the titles switched to become the Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's). The Second World War also saw an expansion for the regiment but not quite to the extent of the Great War. However, casualties were still heavy and the Royal Berkshire Regiment lost 1067 men killed including 974 other ranks and 93 officers killed in action with many hundreds more wounded. The 1st Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Miles Dempsey, was still assigned to the 6th Infantry Brigade in the 2nd Infantry Division, part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that was sent to France in 1939 after war was declared. They took part in the Battle of France in 1940 and were evacuated during the Battle of Dunkirk. However, the 2nd Division, 1st Royal Berkshires included, was sent to India in 1942, after the Imperial Japanese Army conquered much of Burma in early 1942.", "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command and then Land Force Commander, South East Asia. By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese. Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army without taking the limelight. This was despite the stalemate in Normandy and the failure to advance beyond Antwerp and thus ensure that German forces remained isolated. He was claimed by military historian Carlo D'Este to be:  A career infantryman, Dempsey was an ardent student of military history and during the interwar period had frequently visited Europe to study its battlefields firsthand. Blessed with an active and incisive mind, a phenomenal memory and a unique skill in reading maps, Dempsey would soon leave his army staff in awe over his ability to remember everything he saw on a map, to bring a landscape literally to life in his mind even though he had never actually seen it. This talent proved particularly important during the crucial battles around Caen in June and July 1944. Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command. The two men shared many qualities, including a disdain for paperwork and a determination, based on their First World War experiences, never to waste their soldiers lives.", "While there the division was reinforced with the addition of the 168th Brigade, detached from its parent 56th Division, with which Kirkman had served before, bringing the 50th up to a strength of three brigades. Kirkman's division was, by the time he became GOC, a highly experienced formation, having served in France and Belgium in 1940, in the Middle East from 1941 to 1942, and in many battles in North Africa in 1942 (there losing its 150th Brigade). For the invasion the division was part of XIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey, who Kirkman knew from the Staff College, although Dempsey had, like Nichols, been in the year senior to him. He led the division during the Allied invasion of Sicily in July\u2013August. After the Sicilian campaign was over the division was sent to the United Kingdom to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy, planned for the spring of 1944. Shortly before the relatively brief Sicilian campaign ended Kirkman was, on 5 August 1943, made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In mid-January, however, Kirkman handed over the 50th Division to Major-General Douglas Graham and received orders to proceed to Italy to succeed Lieutenant-General Miles Dempsey, who was to return home to take command of the British Second Army, with Kirkman succeeding him as GOC XIII Corps. Therefore, on 20 January 1944 Kirkman was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant general (although he was still only a substantive lieutenant colonel). Kirkman was requested specifically by Lieutenant General Sir Oliver Leese, who in late December 1943 had succeeded Montgomery as GOC Eighth Army, having formed a high opinion of Kirkman in North Africa and Sicily."], "answer": {"text": "Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army", "answer_start": 41}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have to lead his command into battle", "answer": {"text": "By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release the prisoners since the war was over?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other notable events happened while he was in the far east?", "answer": {"text": "Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he recieve any awards for this accomplishment", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command.", "answer_start": 1313, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#6", "question": "How large was the fourteenth army", "rewrite": "How large was the fourteenth army", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fourteenth Army (United Kingdom) The British Fourteenth Army was a multi-national force comprising units from Commonwealth countries during World War II. Many of its units were from the Indian Army as well as British units and there were also significant contributions from West and East African divisions within the British Army. It was often referred to as the \"Forgotten Army\" because its operations in the Burma Campaign were overlooked by the contemporary press, and remained more obscure than those of the corresponding formations in Europe for long after the war. For most of the Army's existence, it was commanded by Lieutenant-General William Slim. The army was formed in 1943 in eastern India. With the creation of South East Asia Command in late 1943, the Eastern Army which formerly controlled operations against the Japanese Army in Burma and also had large rear-area responsibilities, was split into two. Eastern Command (reporting to GHQ India) took over the rear areas of Bihar, Odisha and most of Bengal. Fourteenth Army, part of the British 11th Army Group, became responsible for operations against the Japanese. The Army's commander was Lieutenant General William Slim. Its principal subordinate formations were IV Corps in Assam and XV Corps in Arakan. During the early part of 1944, the Army also had loose operational control over the American and Chinese Northern Combat Area Command, and the Chindits operating behind enemy lines under Major General Orde Wingate. In early 1944, the Allies began tentative advances into Burma. The Japanese responded with all-out offensives, intending to destroy the Allies in their base areas. The first Japanese move was a subsidiary attack in Arakan where XV Corps was advancing slowly south. After initial Allied setbacks, in which an Indian divisional HQ was overrun, the surrounded units defeated the Japanese at the Battle of the Admin Box. A vital factor was the resupply of cut-off units by aircraft.", "Its commanders were General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson and Lieutenant-General Sir William George Holmes. The Tenth Army was formed in Iraq and from the major part of Paiforce after the Anglo-Iraqi War. It was active in 1942\u20131943, under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Quinan, and consisted of the III Corps and the XXI Indian Corps. Its main task was the maintenance of the lines of communication to the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian and the protection of the South Persian and Iraqi oilfields that supplied Britain with all its non American sourced oil. The Twelfth Army was reformed in May 1945, to take control of operations in Burma from the Fourteenth Army. The army Headquarters was created by re designating the Headquarters of the XXXIII Indian Corps, under Lieutenant-General Sir Montagu Stopford. The Fourteenth Army was a multinational force comprising units from Commonwealth countries, many of its units were from the Indian Army as well as British units and there were also significant contributions from 81st, 82nd and 11th African divisions. It was often referred to as the \"Forgotten Army\" because its ongoing operations in the Burma Campaign were largely overlooked by the contemporary press, as the War in Europe drew to a close and even after Victory in Europe (VE), when people took the view the war was over everywhere. It still remained more obscure than those of the corresponding formations in Europe long after the war. The Fourteenth Army was formed in 1943, under the command of Lieutenant General William Slim and was the largest Commonwealth Army during the war, with nearly a million men by late 1944. At various times, four corps were assigned to the army: IV Corps, XV Indian Corps, XXXIII Indian Corps and the XXXIV Indian Corps. The Eastern Army was formed from Eastern Command in 1942.", "The Ninth Army was formed on 1 November 1941 with the re designation of the Headquarters of the British Troops in Palestine and Transjordan. It controlled British and Commonwealth land forces stationed in the eastern Mediterranean. Its commanders were General Sir Henry Maitland Wilson and Lieutenant-General Sir William George Holmes. The Tenth Army was formed in Iraq and from the major part of Paiforce after the Anglo-Iraqi War. It was active in 1942 and 1943, under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Quinan and consisted of III Corps (Desmond Anderson) and the Indian XXI Corps (Mosley Mayne). Its main task was the maintenance of the lines of communication to the Soviet Union from the Persian Gulf to the Caspian and the protection of the South Persian and Iraqi oilfields which supplied Britain with all its non American sourced oil. The Twelfth Army was originally formed for Operation Husky, codename for the Allied invasion of Sicily but was never used. It was reformed in May 1945, to take control of operations in Burma from the Fourteenth Army. The army Headquarters was created by re designating the Headquarters of the Indian XXXIII Corps, under Lieutenant-General Sir Montagu Stopford. The Fourteenth Army was a multinational force comprising units from Commonwealth countries, many of its units were from the Indian Army as well as British units and there were also significant contributions from 81st, 82nd and 11th African Divisions. It was often referred to as the \"Forgotten Army\" because its operations in the Burma Campaign were overlooked by the contemporary press, and remained more obscure than those of the corresponding formations in Europe for long after the war. It was formed in 1943, under the command of Lieutenant-General Sir William Slim. The Fourteenth Army was the largest Commonwealth Army during the war, with nearly a million men by late 1944.", "On October 15, Slim was promoted to command \"Eastern Army\" (which subsequently became British Fourteenth Army). His replacement was Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Christison. Under Fourteenth Army, XV Corps resumed the advance in Arakan towards the end of the year. In the early months of 1944, the Corps gained the first significant success against the Japanese in the South East Asia, when they defeated a Japanese offensive in an engagement which came to be known as the Battle of the Admin Box. After capturing the defended area of the Mayu Range, operations in the Arakan were curtailed to allow resources to be concentrated on the central front in Assam. Fourteenth Army subsequently concentrated on the advance into Central Burma. XV Corps was removed from Fourteenth Army and directly subordinated to Allied Land Forces South East Asia so that the Corps could conduct an independent campaign through Arakan and down the coast of Burma. When the general offensive began in late 1944, XV Corps captured Akyab Island (with a vital airfield), launched amphibious flanking moves to intercept and defeat the retreating Japanese troops, and subsequently captured the Burmese port of Taungup and the islands of Ramree and Cheduba. Finally, units of the Corps mounted Operation Dracula, an amphibious assault on Rangoon, the Burmese capital. Rangoon was found to have been abandoned by the Japanese. Following the capture of Rangoon, XV Corps was again subordinated to Fourteenth Army and was withdrawn from Burma to prepare for Operation Zipper, an amphibious assault to recapture Malaya. However, the operation was overtaken by the Japanese surrender, and XV Corps was disbanded on 1 October 1945. Its headquarters was redesignated HQ Netherlands East Indies Command. The Netherlands East Indies Command went on to conduct operations in Java, including the Battle of Surabaya.", "Fourteenth Army now advanced south. While XXXIII Corps advanced down the Irrawaddy River, IV Corps made the main effort along the Sittang River, covering in a month. It was vital to capture Rangoon, the capital and principal port of Burma, to allow the Army to be supplied during the monsoon. In the event, IV Corps was held up north of Rangoon by sacrificial Japanese rearguards, but its advance caused the Japanese to abandon Rangoon, which was occupied after an unopposed amphibious landing (codenamed Operation Dracula) on 2 May. The Fourteenth Army was supported by the Women's Auxiliary Service (Burma) who provided a canteen service for the troops of Burma Command and moved down through the country with the Army. Shortly after the fall of Rangoon, the Army headquarters was relieved of responsibility for operations in Burma. A new Twelfth Army headquarters was formed from XXXIII Corps HQ and took over IV Corps. Fourteenth Army HQ now moved to Ceylon to plan operations to recapture Malaya and Singapore. It controlled XV Corps and the newly raised Indian XXXIV Corps. General Slim was promoted to command Allied Land Forces South East Asia. Lieutenant General Miles Dempsey was appointed to command Fourteenth Army. A seaborne landing on the west coast of Malaya, codenamed Operation Zipper, was being prepared but was forestalled by the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Japanese surrender. \" Zipper\" was nevertheless mounted unopposed as the quickest method of introducing troops to Malaya to enforce the surrender of the Japanese there and repatriate Allied prisoners of war. Fourteenth Army was renamed Malaya Command on 1 November 1945. The Fourteenth Army, like the Eighth Army, was made up from units that came from all corners of the Commonwealth. In 1945 the Fourteenth Army was the largest army in the Commonwealth and the largest army in the world, with about a million men under command."], "answer": {"text": "Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 256}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have to lead his command into battle", "answer": {"text": "By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release the prisoners since the war was over?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other notable events happened while he was in the far east?", "answer": {"text": "Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he recieve any awards for this accomplishment", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command.", "answer_start": 1313, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he then promoted to command?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_017e7980ee9a4051a523b7fcadf8eeb0_0_q#7", "question": "What happened to the prisoners?", "rewrite": "What happened to the prisoners during the war?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a 1989 \"Time Magazine\" book review, Ambrose did, however, apart from his criticisms of the book, concede that \"We as Americans can't duck the fact that terrible things happened. And they happened at the end of a war we fought for decency and freedom, and they are not excusable.\" \"Other Losses\" claimed that \"The victims undoubtedly number over 800,000, almost certainly over 900,000 and quite likely over a million. Their deaths were knowingly caused by army officers who had sufficient resources to keep the prisoners alive.\" \"Other Losses\" asserts that roughly a million German prisoners\u2014the \"Missing Million\"\u2014disappeared between two reports issued on June 2, 1945, with one (the last of the daily reports) totaling prisoners in the European Theater of Operations (ETO) in U.S. custody at 2,870,400, while the other (the first of the weekly reports) gives the figure as 1,836,000 prisoners in the Communication Zone (COM Z). As a consequence of this, according to Quartermaster Reports the number of rations issued to the camps was reduced by 900,000. Historian Albert Cowdrey states that the reason for this is simply that COM Z is a subordinate of the ETO, and its figures omit prisoners held by other armies. In fact, Cowdrey states that the two documents further both cite exactly the same number of total prisoners in the ETO: 3,193,747. Cowdrey concludes \"[t]o judge by these documents, there was no Missing Million. There was not even a missing one.\" The title of \"\"Other Losses\"\" derives from the heading of a column in weekly reports of the U.S. Army's theater provost marshal, which \"Other Losses\" states is actually a \"body count\" of dead prisoners.", "Articles 25 and 26 covers the responsibilities of the detaining authority when transferring prisoners from one location to another. Prisoners must be healthy enough to travel, they must be informed to where they are being transferred; and their personal possessions, including bank accounts, should remain accessible. Articles 27 to 34 covers labour by prisoners of war. Work must fit the rank and health of the prisoners. The work must not be war-related and must be safe work. Remuneration will be agreed between the Belligerents and will belong to the prisoner who carries out the work. Articles 42 to 67 covers the prisoners' relations with the authorities. Most of these provisions are covered by the provision that prisoners are under the detaining power's own code of military regulations, with some additional provisions which cover specific prisoner of war issues and some other provisions to protect prisoners of war if the military regulations of the detaining power do not meet a minimum standard. Two specific regulations which differentiate prisoners of war from the detainees' own military regulations, is that no prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the detaining Power, and escaped prisoners of war who are retaken before being able to rejoin their own army or to leave the territory occupied by the army which captured them shall be liable only to disciplinary punishment. Articles 68 to 74 states that seriously sick and seriously injured prisoners of war must be repatriated as soon as their condition allows and no repatriated person may be utilized in active military service. Article 75 covers release at the end of hostilities. The release of prisoners should form part of the armistice. If this is not possible then repatriation of prisoners shall be effected with the least possible delay after the conclusion of peace. This particular provision was to cause problems after World War II because as the surrender of the Axis powers was unconditional (unconditional surrender)", "Voting rights of prisoners in New Zealand The voting rights of prisoners in New Zealand have been in a near constant state of flux since the first election in New Zealand in 1853. Prisoners have experienced varying degrees of enfranchisement. The present position in New Zealand is that anyone in prison at the time of an election is ineligible to vote, regardless of the length of sentence imposed. The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 set out the requirements for enfranchisement. Prisoners were expressly excluded from registration for voting where they were serving a sentence for \"any treason, felony, or infamous offence\". Prisoners who had completed their sentence were eligible to vote. In 1879, prisoners were further disenfranchised by the Qualification of Electors Act. This Act provided that prisoners who had completed their punishments were not able to register to vote again until 12 months had passed since the end of their sentence. The enactment of the Electoral Act 1905 again changed the scope of prisoner enfranchisement. This Act removed the 12 month post-imprisonment disqualification period but widened the ambit of what kind of prisoner could be disqualified. Rather than focusing on the kind of crime committed as previous legislation had, this Act looked at the length of sentence being served, so anyone sentenced to death or a year or more was ineligible to vote. The law changed yet again in 1956, removing the one year threshold, disenfranchising all prisoners who happened to be in prison at the time of an election. The trend was very much towards increasing disenfranchisement of prisoners. However, this was reversed briefly with the passage of the Electoral Amendment Act 1975. This amended the 1956 Act and completely removed the provision which took away the right of prisoners to vote. This change did not last long.", "Protests in prison towns were common, and people who denied prisoners entry were punished for disobeying the Continental Congress in the form of fines, jail time, and even property expropriation. The reception prisoners received varied from place to place. Overall, the prisoners staying in Boston were in relative peace. The prisoners remarked that the general population of Boston was civil and tolerant of the prisoners. In Virginia and other southern states, wealthy planters and plantation owners were happy to have prisoners in Albemarle County because they could count on an even greater abundance of free or cheap labor. In contrast, the lower class lower in the South was generally much less tolerant to sharing residence with abundant prisoner populations. In Maryland, the state militia directly and aggressively challenged the Continental Army when it attempted to escort the prisoners of war into the state. The South had a collective fear of insurrection that emerged because of the slave population. On October 17, 1777, nearly 6,000 British and Hessian soldiers of the Convention Army surrendered to the Americans. That put the Continental Congress in the position of holding a massive number of prisoners of war on American soil, something that not happened much until then. It was already having trouble providing for the Continental Army, and after Saratoga, it also had to provide for enemy combatants. After British, German, and Canadian troops were defeated, General Burgoyne and General Gates were unable to agree in regard to the 5,900 prisoners. In the Convention of Saratoga, the terms were that the troops were going to be sent back to Europe and would never wage war with North America again. Congress saw that condition as an abysmal treaty for one of their greatest victories in the American Revolution and delayed its ratification repeatedlys. General Burgoyne grew frustrated with Congress and openly condemned its actions.", "Prisoners cannot see any other prisoners due to the high walls, and they are not allowed to see any other prisoners while they are in the jail house. If two prisoners are released from their cells to exercise and they meet each other, one is ordered to back to his or her cell to wait until the other prisoner is gone. During prolonged solitary confinement during the Cultural Revolution, calcium deficiencies would result from the lack of exposure to sunlight. Many prisoners would lose their hair and teeth, and developed many other health problems. Prisoners jailed during the Cultural Revolution often had permanent disabilities after their release. Following the strict former-Soviet Union practice, prisoners also had strict rules until the early 1980s when they sleep: they must keep their hands above their sheets and they must face the peephole. Light will never be out when prisoners are asleep, because guards needs to check on prisoners. Prisoners are awoken by whistles at 7:00 in the morning sharp, and they go to bed at 21:00 sharp upon hearing whistles. Originally, high-ranking prisoners have military style bed sheets, but low-ranking prisoners have to sleep on top of straws on their beds. If the prisoner have vanished from the guards' view, the wardens would immediately be notified to go into the cell to check what is going on. The regular reading material in the jail is \"People's Daily\". Other reading materials includes publications in China provided to prisoners by the visiting relatives of prisoners. There is a prison library that only high-ranking prisoners were allowed to use. Most reading materials were originally donated by the former Nationalists classified as war criminals by the Communists, and consist mostly of works by Mao Zedong, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Joseph Stalin. The other source of donation is from the prisoners' relatives and reading materials donated by released prisoners."], "answer": {"text": "captured", "answer_start": 335}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Miles Dempsey study?", "answer": {"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army and GOC in C Malaya Command", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have to lead his command into battle", "answer": {"text": "By the time he had arrived however, the war in the East was also over. Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 185, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release the prisoners since the war was over?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other notable events happened while he was in the far east?", "answer": {"text": "Miles Dempsey, although modest and unassuming, was considered to be a highly competent officer. He asserted a very effective control over the British Second Army", "answer_start": 354, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he recieve any awards for this accomplishment", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey was considered the Eighth Army's best expert in combined operations and, as he grew in experience, Montgomery soon recognized his potential for army command.", "answer_start": 1313, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he then promoted to command?", "answer": {"text": "Dempsey was appointed to the command of the British Fourteenth Army", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How large was the fourteenth army", "answer": {"text": "Within his command were 123,000 British and Dutch prisoners and nearly 750,000 captured Japanese.", "answer_start": 256, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_1_q#0", "question": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "rewrite": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The 1939 team returned the core of its 1938 backfield, including quarterback Forest Evashevski and halfbacks Tom Harmon and Paul Kromer, who had become known in 1938 as the \"Touchdown Twins\". On the line, the Wolverines returned their starting center Archie Kodros, who had been selected as the 1939 team captain at the close of the 1938 season. However, the Wolverines lost all four of their starting tackles and guards, including All-American guard Ralph Heikkinen. Before the season began, the Associated Press opined that Michigan, \"apparently with plenty of backfield speed and power, will be hard to stop if Coach Fritz Crisler can mold a good line.\" One week before the season started, Irving Kane Pond, the man who in 1879 scored the first touchdown in Michigan football history and later became a renowned architect, died in Washington, D.C. On October 7, 1939, Michigan opened its season with a 26 to 13 victory over Charlie Bachman's Michigan State team. The game, the 34th played between the two programs, was played at Michigan Stadium before 68,618 spectators that \"The New York Times\" called \"a howling throng.\" Michigan took a 26 to 0 lead at halftime. The Wolverines' first points came on three-yard run around the right end by Paul Kromer, with blocking by Tom Harmon and Forest Evashevski, capping a 65-yard touchdown drive. On the opening play of the second quarter, Harmon scored on a two-yard run, capping a drive that started at Michigan State's 33-yard line. On the ensuing Michigan State drive, Archie Kodros intercepted a pass at the Spartans' 20-yard line, and after a 15-yard penalty was assessed, Michigan took over on the five-yard line.", "Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski.", "They are: Forest Evashevski (AP-1; UP-2), Ed Frutig (AP-1; UP-1), Ralph Fritz (AP-1; UP-1), Tom Harmon (AP-1; UP-1), Al Wistert (AP-2), and Bob Westfall (UP-2) Several Michigan players were also selected to play in post-season all-star game. Tom Harmon, Ed Frutig and Forest Evashevski were selected to play in the East\u2013West Shrine Game on New Year's Day in San Francisco, while Ralph Fritz was a starter at guard for the north team in the Blue\u2013Gray Football Classic in Montgomery, Alabama. The Michigan players accounted for both of the East's touchdowns in the Shrine Game, as Harmon threw touchdown passes to Evashevski and Frutig, the latter coming on a fake punt by Harmon. Team awards went to Tom Harmon as the team's Most Valuable Player, and to George Ceithaml as the recipient of the Meyer Morton Award. The following players were claimed in the 1941 NFL Draft.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "When the Yale line braced on its own goal, Harmon gambled by waiting patiently with the ball in his hand until John Nicholson could get free to catch the pass that meant defeat for Yale. Harmon continued to draw accolades the following week, as Michigan defeated Illinois by a 14\u20130 score. In the first quarter, Harmon ran for the Wolverines' first touchdown, \"twisting and pushing his way the last few yards\". He then \"rifled\" a pass to Forest Evashevski in the third quarter for Michigan's second touchdown. In the final game of the 1938 season, Harmon led Michigan to an 18\u20130 victory over Ohio State in Columbus, Ohio, a game that was said to be the \"climax of the Wolverines' return as a major gridiron power\". Michigan had suffered four consecutive shutouts at the hands of the Buckeyes prior to the 1938 game. In the first quarter, Harmon ran for a touchdown, tallying Michigan's first points against Ohio State since 1933. In the fourth quarter, Harmon threw a 15-yard pass to Ed Frutig for Michigan's second touchdown. At the end of the 1938 season, Harmon, described as \"Michigan's sophomore sensation\", won first-team honors on the United Press All-Big Ten Conference team. Harmon and teammate, Forest Evashevski, also won first-team all-conference honors from the Associated Press, becoming the first sophomores to be so honored since 1934. As a junior in 1939, Harmon started at the right halfback position in seven of eight games. The Wolverines compiled a 6\u20132 record, with losses to Illinois and Minnesota, and were ranked number 20 in the final AP poll. For the season, Harmon rushed for 868 yards on 129 carries in eight games, an average of 6.7 yards per carry."], "answer": {"text": "University of Michigan.", "answer_start": 43}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_1_q#1", "question": "Who did he play for after that?", "rewrite": "Who did Forest Evashevski play for after University of Michigan?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They are: Forest Evashevski (AP-1; UP-2), Ed Frutig (AP-1; UP-1), Ralph Fritz (AP-1; UP-1), Tom Harmon (AP-1; UP-1), Al Wistert (AP-2), and Bob Westfall (UP-2) Several Michigan players were also selected to play in post-season all-star game. Tom Harmon, Ed Frutig and Forest Evashevski were selected to play in the East\u2013West Shrine Game on New Year's Day in San Francisco, while Ralph Fritz was a starter at guard for the north team in the Blue\u2013Gray Football Classic in Montgomery, Alabama. The Michigan players accounted for both of the East's touchdowns in the Shrine Game, as Harmon threw touchdown passes to Evashevski and Frutig, the latter coming on a fake punt by Harmon. Team awards went to Tom Harmon as the team's Most Valuable Player, and to George Ceithaml as the recipient of the Meyer Morton Award. The following players were claimed in the 1941 NFL Draft.", "Danny Musovski Danny Musovski (born November 30, 1995) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Reno 1868 in the USL Championship. Prior to starting college, Musovski was named the Nevada Gatorade Player of the Year as a high school junior, and set the state high school record for single-season goals as a senior at 58. At UNLV, he played four years of college soccer, from 2014 to 2017, during which he scored 47 goals in 88 appearances. He was a two-time All-America selection, and as a senior earned WAC Offensive Player of the Year honors. Musovski made seven appearances for PDL side Burlingame Dragons FC in 2016 and scored six goals. On January 10, 2018, Musovski, who has drawn comparisons to San Jose Earthquakes legend Chris Wondolowski, was selected 30th overall by the Earthquakes during the 2018 MLS SuperDraft. He was officially signed by the club on March 1, 2018, and immediately sent on loan to San Jose's USL affiliate Reno 1868 FC, alongside fellow SuperDraft pick Mohamed Thiaw. Musovski made his professional debut as a second-half substite for Chris Wehan in Reno's 3-4 loss to Swope Park Rangers on March 17, 2018. He scored his first professional goal in only his second appearance on March 24, 2018, in a 1-1 draw with Las Vegas Lights FC, a match from which he was also later ejected. Musovski was released by San Jose at the end of their 2018 season. Following his release by San Jose, Musovski joined Reno 1868 permanently on January 17, 2019.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "left tackle), Ralph Fritz (left guard), Robert Ingalls (center), Milo Sukup (right guard), Reuben Kelto (right tackle), Joe Rogers (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Harmon (left halfback), Norman Call (right halfback), and Bob Westfall (fullback). On October 5, 1940, Michigan defeated Michigan State by a 21 to 14 score. The game was the 35th played between the two programs. Tom Harmon scored all 21 points for Michigan on three touchdowns and three kicks for extra point. Michigan gained 312 rushing yards compared to 49 rushing yards for Michigan State. Both Michigan State touchdowns were scored by right halfback Walt Pawlowski. Michigan's starting lineup against Michigan State was Joe Rogers (left end), Albert Wistert (left tackle), Ralph Fritz (left guard), Robert Ingalls (center), Milo Sukup (right guard), Reuben Kelto (right tackle), Ed Frutig (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Harmon (left halfback), David M. Nelson (right halfback), and Bob Westfall (fullback). On October 12, 1940, Michigan defeated at Harvard Stadium by a score of 26\u20130. The game was the seventh played between the two programs, with Harvard having won four of the prior six games. Tom Harmon scored three touchdowns and passed for a fourth to Paul Kromer. Harmon also kicked for two extra points. Michigan rushed for 204 yards as compared to 61 yards for Harvard. Michigan's starters played only two minutes of the second half and were then replaced by substitutes.", "The 1939 team returned the core of its 1938 backfield, including quarterback Forest Evashevski and halfbacks Tom Harmon and Paul Kromer, who had become known in 1938 as the \"Touchdown Twins\". On the line, the Wolverines returned their starting center Archie Kodros, who had been selected as the 1939 team captain at the close of the 1938 season. However, the Wolverines lost all four of their starting tackles and guards, including All-American guard Ralph Heikkinen. Before the season began, the Associated Press opined that Michigan, \"apparently with plenty of backfield speed and power, will be hard to stop if Coach Fritz Crisler can mold a good line.\" One week before the season started, Irving Kane Pond, the man who in 1879 scored the first touchdown in Michigan football history and later became a renowned architect, died in Washington, D.C. On October 7, 1939, Michigan opened its season with a 26 to 13 victory over Charlie Bachman's Michigan State team. The game, the 34th played between the two programs, was played at Michigan Stadium before 68,618 spectators that \"The New York Times\" called \"a howling throng.\" Michigan took a 26 to 0 lead at halftime. The Wolverines' first points came on three-yard run around the right end by Paul Kromer, with blocking by Tom Harmon and Forest Evashevski, capping a 65-yard touchdown drive. On the opening play of the second quarter, Harmon scored on a two-yard run, capping a drive that started at Michigan State's 33-yard line. On the ensuing Michigan State drive, Archie Kodros intercepted a pass at the Spartans' 20-yard line, and after a 15-yard penalty was assessed, Michigan took over on the five-yard line."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "answer": {"text": "University of Michigan.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_1_q#2", "question": "Did he do well playing at U of M?", "rewrite": "Did Forest Evashevski do well playing at U of M?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On October 29, 1938, Michigan defeated Illinois by a 14 to 0 score. The game was the 24th meeting between the two programs. In the first quarter, Tom Harmon ran for the Wolverines' first touchdown, \"twisting and pushing his way the last few yards.\" In the third quarter, end Danny Smick blocked an Illinois punt and recovered the ball at the Illinois 29-yard line. After short gains, Harmon \"rifled\" a pass to Forest Evashevski for Michigan's second touchdown. John Brennan kicked both PATs for Michigan. Michigan's starting lineup against Illinois was Vincent Valek ( left end), Fred Janke (left tackle), John Brennan (left guard), Archie Kodros (center), Ralph Heikkinen (right guard), Siegel (right tackle), John Nicholson (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Purucker (left halfback), Harmon (right halfback), and Edward Phillips (fullback). On November 5, 1938, Michigan defeated by a 19 to 13 score. The game was the 15th meeting between the two programs with Penn leading the series by eight games to six with two ties. Michigan's first touchdown was scored by guard Milo Sukup after Don Siegel blocked Frank Reagan's punt and the ball bounced back into the end zone. Paul Kromer scored Michigan's remaining touchdowns, one on a 50-yard punt return and the other on a 13-yard touchdown pass from Fred Trosko. Michigan led 19 to 0 at the start of the fourth quarter. Playing against Michigan's substitutes, Penn scored two touchdowns in the final seven minutes, including a 62-yard touchdown run by Penn quarterback Johnny Dutcher. Jack Meyer kicked one PAT for Michigan.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "left tackle), Ralph Fritz (left guard), Robert Ingalls (center), Robert Kolesar (right guard), Reuben Kelto (right tackle), Joe Rogers (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Harmon (left halfback), Harold Lockard (right halfback), and Bob Westfall (fullback). On November 23, 1940, in the final game of the 1940 season, Michigan defeated Ohio State 40 to 0 in Columbus. The game was the 37th installment in the Michigan\u2013Ohio State football rivalry. Ohio State had won four consecutive games under its head coach, Francis Schmidt, from 1934 to 1937, but Michigan had won the 1938 and 1939 matches. Michigan's first touchdown came in the first quarter on a run by Tom Harmon and was followed a minute and 14 seconds later by a second Michigan touchdown as senior Paul Kromer, hobbled most of the season by leg injuries, returned a punt 80 yards. Playing in his final game for Michigan, Harmon ran for three touchdowns, threw two touchdown passes (one to Forest Evashevski and the other to Ed Frutig), and kicked four PATs. He also averaged 50 yards per punt on three punts. When Harmon left the field with 38 seconds remaining, the crowd game him a standing ovation. Harmon concluded his three years at Michigan with 33 touchdowns, surpassing the conference record set by Red Grange. Harmon gained 2,134 rushing yards on 398 carries for an average of 5.4 yards per carry. He also completed 101 of 233 passes for 1,399 yards, 16 touchdowns, and 10 interceptions. Michigan gained 447 yards of total offense against Ohio State, 299 rushing and 148 passing. On defense, Michigan limited Ohio State to 82 rushing yards and 33 passing yards.", "George Ceithaml George Frank Ceithaml ( ; February 10, 1921 \u2013 May 24, 2012) was an American football quarterback and coach. He was the starting quarterback for Fritz Crisler's University of Michigan football teams in 1941 and 1942. Crisler later called Ceithaml \"the smartest player he ever taught. \" Ceithaml was selected as the quarterback on the 1942 All-Big Ten Conference team, the captain of the 1942 All-American Blocking Team, and was the 19th player selected in the 1943 NFL Draft. He later served as an assistant football coach at Michigan and the University of Southern California. Ceithaml was born in Chicago and raised on the city's South Side. He was an All-City quarterback two straight years for Lindbloom High School. In 1939 Ceithaml enrolled at the University of Michigan and joined the football team at the beginning of the Fritz Crisler era. He was 6-feet tall and weighed 184 pounds as a football player at Michigan. As a sophomore in 1940 Ceithaml was the backup quarterback to Forest Evashevski on a team the included All-American Tom Harmon. Ceithaml first saw substantial playing time in November 1940 leading the press to report: \"George Ceithaml has ended Michigan's two-year search for a capable substitute for Forest Evashevski. Ceithaml, a 190-pound sophomore, turned in a fine performance calling signals and blocking for the Wolverines against Pennsylvania. \" Ceithaml received the 1940 Meyer Morton Award, established by the University of Michigan's \"M\" Club to recognize the underclassman who shows the greatest development and most promise as a football player. During his junior and senior years in 1941 and 1942, Ceithaml started all 18 of Michigan's games and played on defense as well as offense.", "They are: Forest Evashevski (AP-1; UP-2), Ed Frutig (AP-1; UP-1), Ralph Fritz (AP-1; UP-1), Tom Harmon (AP-1; UP-1), Al Wistert (AP-2), and Bob Westfall (UP-2) Several Michigan players were also selected to play in post-season all-star game. Tom Harmon, Ed Frutig and Forest Evashevski were selected to play in the East\u2013West Shrine Game on New Year's Day in San Francisco, while Ralph Fritz was a starter at guard for the north team in the Blue\u2013Gray Football Classic in Montgomery, Alabama. The Michigan players accounted for both of the East's touchdowns in the Shrine Game, as Harmon threw touchdown passes to Evashevski and Frutig, the latter coming on a fake punt by Harmon. Team awards went to Tom Harmon as the team's Most Valuable Player, and to George Ceithaml as the recipient of the Meyer Morton Award. The following players were claimed in the 1941 NFL Draft."], "answer": {"text": "Crisler later called Evashevski \"the greatest quarterback I ever had.\"", "answer_start": 570}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "answer": {"text": "University of Michigan.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_1_q#3", "question": "What else did he do while he was there?", "rewrite": "What else did Forest Evashevski do while at U of M besides being called the greatest quarterback?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Before a game against Minnesota, Crisler implored his team in a pregame speech to be 11 lions on offense and 11 tigers on defense. Evashevski spoke up and said he would not play unless he could be a leopard. On another day, Crisler, who demanded punctuality of his players, arrived for practice a little late. \"Fritz\", Evashevski barked, daring to use Crisler's nickname, \"we begin practice at 3:30. It's now 3:35. Take a lap around the field\"; Crisler did. He was named to the 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team. The Wolverines were 20-4 from 1938 to 1940. Crisler later called Evashevski \"the greatest quarterback I ever had.\" Evashevski won the Big Ten Medal given to the school's best senior student-athlete. He was the baseball catcher, the senior class president, and an honor society member. Evashevski graduated with a sociology major and a psychology minor. He wanted to take labor law at the University of Michigan Law School, but his plans were interrupted with the outbreak of World War II and the Americans entering the War.", "left tackle), Ralph Fritz (left guard), Robert Ingalls (center), Milo Sukup (right guard), Reuben Kelto (right tackle), Joe Rogers (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Harmon (left halfback), Norman Call (right halfback), and Bob Westfall (fullback). On October 5, 1940, Michigan defeated Michigan State by a 21 to 14 score. The game was the 35th played between the two programs. Tom Harmon scored all 21 points for Michigan on three touchdowns and three kicks for extra point. Michigan gained 312 rushing yards compared to 49 rushing yards for Michigan State. Both Michigan State touchdowns were scored by right halfback Walt Pawlowski. Michigan's starting lineup against Michigan State was Joe Rogers (left end), Albert Wistert (left tackle), Ralph Fritz (left guard), Robert Ingalls (center), Milo Sukup (right guard), Reuben Kelto (right tackle), Ed Frutig (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Harmon (left halfback), David M. Nelson (right halfback), and Bob Westfall (fullback). On October 12, 1940, Michigan defeated at Harvard Stadium by a score of 26\u20130. The game was the seventh played between the two programs, with Harvard having won four of the prior six games. Tom Harmon scored three touchdowns and passed for a fourth to Paul Kromer. Harmon also kicked for two extra points. Michigan rushed for 204 yards as compared to 61 yards for Harvard. Michigan's starters played only two minutes of the second half and were then replaced by substitutes.", "George Ceithaml George Frank Ceithaml ( ; February 10, 1921 \u2013 May 24, 2012) was an American football quarterback and coach. He was the starting quarterback for Fritz Crisler's University of Michigan football teams in 1941 and 1942. Crisler later called Ceithaml \"the smartest player he ever taught. \" Ceithaml was selected as the quarterback on the 1942 All-Big Ten Conference team, the captain of the 1942 All-American Blocking Team, and was the 19th player selected in the 1943 NFL Draft. He later served as an assistant football coach at Michigan and the University of Southern California. Ceithaml was born in Chicago and raised on the city's South Side. He was an All-City quarterback two straight years for Lindbloom High School. In 1939 Ceithaml enrolled at the University of Michigan and joined the football team at the beginning of the Fritz Crisler era. He was 6-feet tall and weighed 184 pounds as a football player at Michigan. As a sophomore in 1940 Ceithaml was the backup quarterback to Forest Evashevski on a team the included All-American Tom Harmon. Ceithaml first saw substantial playing time in November 1940 leading the press to report: \"George Ceithaml has ended Michigan's two-year search for a capable substitute for Forest Evashevski. Ceithaml, a 190-pound sophomore, turned in a fine performance calling signals and blocking for the Wolverines against Pennsylvania. \" Ceithaml received the 1940 Meyer Morton Award, established by the University of Michigan's \"M\" Club to recognize the underclassman who shows the greatest development and most promise as a football player. During his junior and senior years in 1941 and 1942, Ceithaml started all 18 of Michigan's games and played on defense as well as offense.", "Michigan's starting lineup against Harvard was Joe Rogers (left end), Albert Wistert (left tackle), Ralph Fritz (left guard), Robert Ingalls (center), Milo Sukup (right guard), Reuben Kelto (right tackle), Ed Frutig (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Harmon (left halfback), David M. Nelson (right halfback), and Bob Westfall (fullback). On October 19, 1940, Michigan defeated Illinois by a 28-0 score. The game was the 26th meeting between the two programs with the Illini having upset the Wolverines in 1939. Michigan's scoring came on touchdowns by David M. Nelson, Tom Harmon, Ed Frutig and Bob Westfall. Harmon also threw a touchdown pass to Frutig and kicked both a field goal and a PAT. Michigan rushed for 240 yards, while Illinois was limited to 24 rushing yards. The game was attended by Michigan's Governor-elect Murray Van Wagoner and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., the President's son. Michigan's starting lineup against Illinois was Joe Rogers (left end), Albert Wistert (left tackle), Ralph Fritz (left guard), Robert Ingalls (center), Milo Sukup (right guard), Reuben Kelto (right tackle), Frutig (right end), Forest Evashevski (quarterback), Harmon (left halfback), Nelson (right halfback), and Westfall (fullback). On October 26, 1940, Michigan defeated by a 14 to 0 score. The game was the 17th meeting between the two programs. It was a match between highly touted, undefeated teams.", "1940 Michigan Wolverines football team The 1940 Michigan Wolverines football team represented the University of Michigan in the 1940 Big Ten Conference football season. Under third-year head coach Fritz Crisler, Michigan compiled a 7\u20131 record and finished the season ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll. The team outscored opponents 196 to 34. The team's sole setback was a 7\u20136 loss on the road against a Minnesota team that finished the season No. 1 in the final AP Poll. The 1940 team featured one of the greatest backfields in Michigan football history with all four principal starters going on to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as either a player or coach. Left halfback Tom Harmon was a consensus All-American and the winner of the Heisman Trophy as the best overall player in college football. Harmon became the focus of nationwide media coverage, even appearing on the cover of \"Life\" magazine in November 1940. Quarterback Forest Evashevski won the Big Ten Medal as the school's best senior student-athlete and was later referred to by Coach Crisler as \"the greatest quarterback I ever had.\" Fullback Bob Westfall, known as \"Bullet Bob,\" was the country's fourth leading rusher in 1940, gaining 808 yards in eight games. (Harmon had 852 rushing yards.) Westfall went on to become a consensus All-American in 1941 and also won All-Pro honors for the Detroit Lions in 1945. David M. Nelson, who started the most games at right halfback, went on to a 20-year career as a college football coach and was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach. The line playing in front of Michigan's Hall of Fame backfield was also one of the best in school history with four of the seven starters going on to play in the NFL. Left tackle"], "answer": {"text": "\" Evashevski won the Big Ten Medal given to the school's best senior student-athlete.", "answer_start": 639}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "answer": {"text": "University of Michigan.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do well playing at U of M?", "answer": {"text": "Crisler later called Evashevski \"the greatest quarterback I ever had.\"", "answer_start": 570, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_1_q#4", "question": "Did he win any other awards?", "rewrite": "Did Forest Evashevski win any other awards besides winning the Big Ten Medal?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1961 Big Ten Conference football season The 1961 Big Ten Conference football season was the 66th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference and was a part of the 1961 NCAA University Division football season. The 1961 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, under head coach Woody Hayes, compiled an 8\u20130\u20131, won the Big Ten championship, and was recognized as the national champion by the Football Writers Association of America. Fullback Bob Ferguson was a consensus first-team All-American and won the Maxwell Award and the UPI and Sporting News College Football Player of the Year awards. The 1961 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team, under head coach Murray Warmath, compiled an 8\u20132, was ranked No. 6 in the final AP Poll, and defeated UCLA in the 1962 Rose Bowl. Quarterback Sandy Stephens was a consensus first-team All-American and won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football award as the Big Ten's most valuable player. As of 2017, Stephens is the most recent Minnesota player to win the award. Ron Miller of Wisconsin received the Sammy Baugh Trophy as the nation's top collegiate passer. Key <br> AP final = Team's rank in the final AP Poll of the 1961 season< br> AP high = Team's highest rank in the AP Poll throughout the 1961 season< br> PPG = Average of points scored per game <br> PAG = Average of points allowed per game <br> MVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy; trophy winner in bold On November 20, 1960, hours after the final game of the 1960 season, Iowa announced that Forest Evashevski would be replaced as head football coach by Jerry Burns. Evashevski remained at Iowa as the athletic director.", "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team The 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion. Prior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll. Expectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent. Iowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "From 1940\u20131955, Iowa recorded 11 losing seasons, and their best finish in the Big Ten was fourth. But in 1952, the Hawkeyes upset Ohio State in Forest Evashevski's first season as coach. Three years later, in 1956, the Hawkeyes won the Big Ten championship with a 9\u20131 record. Under Evashevski, Iowa won two more conference championships in 1958 and 1960, posting 8\u20131\u20131 and 8\u20131 records respectively. In 1958, the Hawkeyes were awarded the Grantland Rice Trophy as national champions of the Football Writers Association of America. Soon thereafter, however, Evashevski became athletic director, and the football program suffered. The team posted a winning record in 1961 under new head coach Jerry Burns, but it was Iowa's last winning season until 1981. From 1961\u20131978, the Hawkeyes had four head coaches. Not one of them had a team that finished better than fourth in the Big Ten. In 1979, Hayden Fry was hired as Iowa's 24th head coach. In 1981, he took the Hawkeyes to their first Rose Bowl since 1958. Iowa won the Big Ten championship three times under Fry, and played in the Rose Bowl in each of those seasons. Following his tenure at Iowa, which ended after the 1998 season, Kirk Ferentz was hired as his successor. Ferentz has won Big Ten championships twice at Iowa, in 2002 and 2004.", "The Hawkeyes won 20 straight games in the early 1920s under the guidance of Hall of Fame coach Howard Jones. Jones soon left Iowa and established a powerhouse at Southern California, and the Hawkeyes were abysmal for most of the 1930s. Iowa was expelled from the Big Ten on May 25, 1929. The reasons were officially unstated and university president William Jessup professed not to know why the faculty committee voted to expel the university. Discussions of player compensation and Iowa's inaction on alleged ethics violation appear to have been a main cause. Following the 1929 season, the Big Ten faculty committee unanimously voted to reinstate Iowa to the conference on February 1, 1930. On December 11, 1929, Iowa had disqualified 27 players, presumably due to compensation issues, and was advised not to seek reinstatement of any of those players. As a result, little was expected of Iowa's 1939 team, led by new coach Eddie Anderson. Nicknamed the \u201cIronmen\u201d, the 1939 Hawkeyes scored several upset victories and vaulted into the national rankings. Though Iowa fell a game short of the Big Ten title, team MVP Nile Kinnick won almost every major national award, including the 1939 Heisman Trophy. Forest Evashevski was hired as Iowa's head coach in 1952. He lured Calvin Jones to Iowa, where Jones became the first Hawkeye \u2013 and the first African-American \u2013 to win the Outland Trophy in 1955. From 1956 to 1960, Evashevski led Iowa to four finishes in the top five of the national rankings, three Big Ten Conference titles, two Rose Bowl victories (in 1957 and 1959), and the 1958 FWAA national championship. After the 1960 season, Evashevski left coaching to become Iowa's athletic director. In 1960 the Hawkeyes held on to the #1 ranking for much of the season."], "answer": {"text": "He was named to the 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team.", "answer_start": 458}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "answer": {"text": "University of Michigan.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do well playing at U of M?", "answer": {"text": "Crisler later called Evashevski \"the greatest quarterback I ever had.\"", "answer_start": 570, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did he do while he was there?", "answer": {"text": "\" Evashevski won the Big Ten Medal given to the school's best senior student-athlete.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_1_q#5", "question": "Did he enjoy his time at U of M?", "rewrite": "Did Forest Evashevski enjoy his time at U of M?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "George Ceithaml George Frank Ceithaml ( ; February 10, 1921 \u2013 May 24, 2012) was an American football quarterback and coach. He was the starting quarterback for Fritz Crisler's University of Michigan football teams in 1941 and 1942. Crisler later called Ceithaml \"the smartest player he ever taught. \" Ceithaml was selected as the quarterback on the 1942 All-Big Ten Conference team, the captain of the 1942 All-American Blocking Team, and was the 19th player selected in the 1943 NFL Draft. He later served as an assistant football coach at Michigan and the University of Southern California. Ceithaml was born in Chicago and raised on the city's South Side. He was an All-City quarterback two straight years for Lindbloom High School. In 1939 Ceithaml enrolled at the University of Michigan and joined the football team at the beginning of the Fritz Crisler era. He was 6-feet tall and weighed 184 pounds as a football player at Michigan. As a sophomore in 1940 Ceithaml was the backup quarterback to Forest Evashevski on a team the included All-American Tom Harmon. Ceithaml first saw substantial playing time in November 1940 leading the press to report: \"George Ceithaml has ended Michigan's two-year search for a capable substitute for Forest Evashevski. Ceithaml, a 190-pound sophomore, turned in a fine performance calling signals and blocking for the Wolverines against Pennsylvania. \" Ceithaml received the 1940 Meyer Morton Award, established by the University of Michigan's \"M\" Club to recognize the underclassman who shows the greatest development and most promise as a football player. During his junior and senior years in 1941 and 1942, Ceithaml started all 18 of Michigan's games and played on defense as well as offense.", "They are: Forest Evashevski (AP-1; UP-2), Ed Frutig (AP-1; UP-1), Ralph Fritz (AP-1; UP-1), Tom Harmon (AP-1; UP-1), Al Wistert (AP-2), and Bob Westfall (UP-2) Several Michigan players were also selected to play in post-season all-star game. Tom Harmon, Ed Frutig and Forest Evashevski were selected to play in the East\u2013West Shrine Game on New Year's Day in San Francisco, while Ralph Fritz was a starter at guard for the north team in the Blue\u2013Gray Football Classic in Montgomery, Alabama. The Michigan players accounted for both of the East's touchdowns in the Shrine Game, as Harmon threw touchdown passes to Evashevski and Frutig, the latter coming on a fake punt by Harmon. Team awards went to Tom Harmon as the team's Most Valuable Player, and to George Ceithaml as the recipient of the Meyer Morton Award. The following players were claimed in the 1941 NFL Draft.", "Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski.", "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team The 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion. Prior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll. Expectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent. Iowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record."], "answer": {"text": "Evashevski was also the most dynamic personality on the team.", "answer_start": 1089}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "answer": {"text": "University of Michigan.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do well playing at U of M?", "answer": {"text": "Crisler later called Evashevski \"the greatest quarterback I ever had.\"", "answer_start": 570, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did he do while he was there?", "answer": {"text": "\" Evashevski won the Big Ten Medal given to the school's best senior student-athlete.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he win any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "He was named to the 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Forest Evashevski being the most dynamic personality on U of M team?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team The 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion. Prior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll. Expectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent. Iowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record.", "Eighteen months later, Evy enrolled at the University of Michigan. Michigan football coach Fritz Crisler wanted Evashevski on the field, so Evy was moved from the center position to quarterback one week before his first varsity game. In Crisler's single-wing system, the quarterback position required mostly calling signals and blocking for the running back, and Evashevski had the blocking skills and intelligence necessary to become a star. He started and was an all-Big Ten Conference performer three straight seasons. He played from 1938 to 1940 and paved the way for halfback Tom Harmon, who won the Heisman Trophy in 1940. Evashevski also played in the same Michigan backfield with David M. Nelson, a fellow alumni of Northwestern High. Nelson would go on to a noteworthy coaching career; among his many contributions was the wing-T formation. Harmon said, \"Evy seemed to think right with Crisler...[A]s a linebacker, he had a fantastic instinct for smelling out the play...As a blocker, I never saw a better one.\" Although Harmon won the Heisman, Evashevski was the team's captain. Evashevski was also the most dynamic personality on the team. Once, Crisler's Wolverines were leading a foe 21-0 at half. He feared a letdown, so he ordered his team to consider the game scoreless. Crisler then asked, \"OK, Evy, what's the score?\" Evashevski replied, \"You can't kid me, coach. The score is 21-0.\" On another occasion, Evashevski shocked both his coach and teammates by lighting a victory cigar on the sidelines with thirty seconds to play in a 1939 win over Ohio State.", "George Ceithaml George Frank Ceithaml ( ; February 10, 1921 \u2013 May 24, 2012) was an American football quarterback and coach. He was the starting quarterback for Fritz Crisler's University of Michigan football teams in 1941 and 1942. Crisler later called Ceithaml \"the smartest player he ever taught. \" Ceithaml was selected as the quarterback on the 1942 All-Big Ten Conference team, the captain of the 1942 All-American Blocking Team, and was the 19th player selected in the 1943 NFL Draft. He later served as an assistant football coach at Michigan and the University of Southern California. Ceithaml was born in Chicago and raised on the city's South Side. He was an All-City quarterback two straight years for Lindbloom High School. In 1939 Ceithaml enrolled at the University of Michigan and joined the football team at the beginning of the Fritz Crisler era. He was 6-feet tall and weighed 184 pounds as a football player at Michigan. As a sophomore in 1940 Ceithaml was the backup quarterback to Forest Evashevski on a team the included All-American Tom Harmon. Ceithaml first saw substantial playing time in November 1940 leading the press to report: \"George Ceithaml has ended Michigan's two-year search for a capable substitute for Forest Evashevski. Ceithaml, a 190-pound sophomore, turned in a fine performance calling signals and blocking for the Wolverines against Pennsylvania. \" Ceithaml received the 1940 Meyer Morton Award, established by the University of Michigan's \"M\" Club to recognize the underclassman who shows the greatest development and most promise as a football player. During his junior and senior years in 1941 and 1942, Ceithaml started all 18 of Michigan's games and played on defense as well as offense.", "They are: Forest Evashevski (AP-1; UP-2), Ed Frutig (AP-1; UP-1), Ralph Fritz (AP-1; UP-1), Tom Harmon (AP-1; UP-1), Al Wistert (AP-2), and Bob Westfall (UP-2) Several Michigan players were also selected to play in post-season all-star game. Tom Harmon, Ed Frutig and Forest Evashevski were selected to play in the East\u2013West Shrine Game on New Year's Day in San Francisco, while Ralph Fritz was a starter at guard for the north team in the Blue\u2013Gray Football Classic in Montgomery, Alabama. The Michigan players accounted for both of the East's touchdowns in the Shrine Game, as Harmon threw touchdown passes to Evashevski and Frutig, the latter coming on a fake punt by Harmon. Team awards went to Tom Harmon as the team's Most Valuable Player, and to George Ceithaml as the recipient of the Meyer Morton Award. The following players were claimed in the 1941 NFL Draft.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis."], "answer": {"text": "He wanted to take labor law at the University of Michigan Law School,", "answer_start": 879}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did Forest Evashevski first play for?", "answer": {"text": "University of Michigan.", "answer_start": 43, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he play for after that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do well playing at U of M?", "answer": {"text": "Crisler later called Evashevski \"the greatest quarterback I ever had.\"", "answer_start": 570, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did he do while he was there?", "answer": {"text": "\" Evashevski won the Big Ten Medal given to the school's best senior student-athlete.", "answer_start": 639, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he win any other awards?", "answer": {"text": "He was named to the 1939 College Football All Polish-American Team.", "answer_start": 458, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he enjoy his time at U of M?", "answer": {"text": "Evashevski was also the most dynamic personality on the team.", "answer_start": 1089, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_0_q#0", "question": "When did Forest Evashevski become head coach at Iowa?", "rewrite": "When did Forest Evashevski become head coach at Iowa?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Hawkeyes won 20 straight games in the early 1920s under the guidance of Hall of Fame coach Howard Jones. Jones soon left Iowa and established a powerhouse at Southern California, and the Hawkeyes were abysmal for most of the 1930s. Iowa was expelled from the Big Ten on May 25, 1929. The reasons were officially unstated and university president William Jessup professed not to know why the faculty committee voted to expel the university. Discussions of player compensation and Iowa's inaction on alleged ethics violation appear to have been a main cause. Following the 1929 season, the Big Ten faculty committee unanimously voted to reinstate Iowa to the conference on February 1, 1930. On December 11, 1929, Iowa had disqualified 27 players, presumably due to compensation issues, and was advised not to seek reinstatement of any of those players. As a result, little was expected of Iowa's 1939 team, led by new coach Eddie Anderson. Nicknamed the \u201cIronmen\u201d, the 1939 Hawkeyes scored several upset victories and vaulted into the national rankings. Though Iowa fell a game short of the Big Ten title, team MVP Nile Kinnick won almost every major national award, including the 1939 Heisman Trophy. Forest Evashevski was hired as Iowa's head coach in 1952. He lured Calvin Jones to Iowa, where Jones became the first Hawkeye \u2013 and the first African-American \u2013 to win the Outland Trophy in 1955. From 1956 to 1960, Evashevski led Iowa to four finishes in the top five of the national rankings, three Big Ten Conference titles, two Rose Bowl victories (in 1957 and 1959), and the 1958 FWAA national championship. After the 1960 season, Evashevski left coaching to become Iowa's athletic director. In 1960 the Hawkeyes held on to the #1 ranking for much of the season.", "Jerry Burns Jerome Monahan Burns (born January 24, 1927) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Iowa, from 1961 to 1965, compiling record of 16\u201327\u20132, and for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 1986 to 1991, tallying a mark of 52\u201343 in the regular season, and 3\u20133 in the postseason. Burns served as the head baseball coach and assistant football coach with the University of Hawaii in 1951. Burns left Hawaii to coach at Whittier College in 1952, where he was the head basketball coach and an assistant football coach. At the beginning of 1953, he left Whittier and took a job as head football and head basketball coach at St. Mary's of Redford High School in Detroit, Michigan. Following the 1953 football season at St. Mary's, Burns was hired by fellow Michigan alumnus Forest Evashevski as an assistant coach at the University of Iowa. Burns began serving as an assistant coach at Iowa under Evashevski in 1954. Burns served seven total years as an assistant coach to Evashevski. As part of a deal with Iowa Athletic Board, Evy was appointed as Iowa's athletic director and agreed to appoint his successor as head football coach at Iowa. Evy appointed Burns to succeed him, and Burns became Iowa's 20th head football coach beginning with the 1961 season. He was 34 years old. Before his first game as a college head coach, his 1961 Hawkeye team was named as the preseason number one team in the nation in the AP Poll. Iowa defended their ranking by winning their first four games in 1961, but then the Hawks hit a slide, losing their next four. In their final game of the year, the Hawkeyes defeated Notre Dame, 42\u201321.", "Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "From 1940\u20131955, Iowa recorded 11 losing seasons, and their best finish in the Big Ten was fourth. But in 1952, the Hawkeyes upset Ohio State in Forest Evashevski's first season as coach. Three years later, in 1956, the Hawkeyes won the Big Ten championship with a 9\u20131 record. Under Evashevski, Iowa won two more conference championships in 1958 and 1960, posting 8\u20131\u20131 and 8\u20131 records respectively. In 1958, the Hawkeyes were awarded the Grantland Rice Trophy as national champions of the Football Writers Association of America. Soon thereafter, however, Evashevski became athletic director, and the football program suffered. The team posted a winning record in 1961 under new head coach Jerry Burns, but it was Iowa's last winning season until 1981. From 1961\u20131978, the Hawkeyes had four head coaches. Not one of them had a team that finished better than fourth in the Big Ten. In 1979, Hayden Fry was hired as Iowa's 24th head coach. In 1981, he took the Hawkeyes to their first Rose Bowl since 1958. Iowa won the Big Ten championship three times under Fry, and played in the Rose Bowl in each of those seasons. Following his tenure at Iowa, which ended after the 1998 season, Kirk Ferentz was hired as his successor. Ferentz has won Big Ten championships twice at Iowa, in 2002 and 2004."], "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 894}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_0_q#1", "question": "did he receive any other offers to coach anywhere else?", "rewrite": "did Forest Evashevski receive any other offers to coach anywhere else other than Iowa?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Hawkeyes won 20 straight games in the early 1920s under the guidance of Hall of Fame coach Howard Jones. Jones soon left Iowa and established a powerhouse at Southern California, and the Hawkeyes were abysmal for most of the 1930s. Iowa was expelled from the Big Ten on May 25, 1929. The reasons were officially unstated and university president William Jessup professed not to know why the faculty committee voted to expel the university. Discussions of player compensation and Iowa's inaction on alleged ethics violation appear to have been a main cause. Following the 1929 season, the Big Ten faculty committee unanimously voted to reinstate Iowa to the conference on February 1, 1930. On December 11, 1929, Iowa had disqualified 27 players, presumably due to compensation issues, and was advised not to seek reinstatement of any of those players. As a result, little was expected of Iowa's 1939 team, led by new coach Eddie Anderson. Nicknamed the \u201cIronmen\u201d, the 1939 Hawkeyes scored several upset victories and vaulted into the national rankings. Though Iowa fell a game short of the Big Ten title, team MVP Nile Kinnick won almost every major national award, including the 1939 Heisman Trophy. Forest Evashevski was hired as Iowa's head coach in 1952. He lured Calvin Jones to Iowa, where Jones became the first Hawkeye \u2013 and the first African-American \u2013 to win the Outland Trophy in 1955. From 1956 to 1960, Evashevski led Iowa to four finishes in the top five of the national rankings, three Big Ten Conference titles, two Rose Bowl victories (in 1957 and 1959), and the 1958 FWAA national championship. After the 1960 season, Evashevski left coaching to become Iowa's athletic director. In 1960 the Hawkeyes held on to the #1 ranking for much of the season.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski.", "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team The 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion. Prior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll. Expectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent. Iowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record.", "Jerry Burns Jerome Monahan Burns (born January 24, 1927) is a former American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Iowa, from 1961 to 1965, compiling record of 16\u201327\u20132, and for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL) from 1986 to 1991, tallying a mark of 52\u201343 in the regular season, and 3\u20133 in the postseason. Burns served as the head baseball coach and assistant football coach with the University of Hawaii in 1951. Burns left Hawaii to coach at Whittier College in 1952, where he was the head basketball coach and an assistant football coach. At the beginning of 1953, he left Whittier and took a job as head football and head basketball coach at St. Mary's of Redford High School in Detroit, Michigan. Following the 1953 football season at St. Mary's, Burns was hired by fellow Michigan alumnus Forest Evashevski as an assistant coach at the University of Iowa. Burns began serving as an assistant coach at Iowa under Evashevski in 1954. Burns served seven total years as an assistant coach to Evashevski. As part of a deal with Iowa Athletic Board, Evy was appointed as Iowa's athletic director and agreed to appoint his successor as head football coach at Iowa. Evy appointed Burns to succeed him, and Burns became Iowa's 20th head football coach beginning with the 1961 season. He was 34 years old. Before his first game as a college head coach, his 1961 Hawkeye team was named as the preseason number one team in the nation in the AP Poll. Iowa defended their ranking by winning their first four games in 1961, but then the Hawks hit a slide, losing their next four. In their final game of the year, the Hawkeyes defeated Notre Dame, 42\u201321."], "answer": {"text": "Evashevski nearly took the head coaching job at Indiana University,", "answer_start": 309}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Forest Evashevski become head coach at Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_0_q#2", "question": "What mad him choose Iowa?", "rewrite": "What made Forest Evashevski choose Iowa?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski.", "\"People in the Midwest are my people and I wanted to be back among them...And, of course, I don't have to tell you what I think of Big Ten football. It's the best in the country.\" With those words, Evashevski left the Palouse in eastern Washington to become the University of Iowa's 19th head football coach. Evashevski nearly took the head coaching job at Indiana University, but Fritz Crisler urged him to consider Iowa. He felt that it would be easier to attain statewide support at Iowa than in Indiana, where Purdue University and the University of Notre Dame shared the spotlight. Evashevski was familiar with Iowa City from his stint with the Naval Pre-Flight School. Crisler was the man who recommended Evashevski to Iowa's athletic director, Paul Brechler. Crisler did warn Brechler, however, that Evashevski was \"a tough, stubborn Polack, and you might have to put the reins on him.\" In 1952, Iowa football had only had three winning seasons in the previous 16 years. Iowa had also gone without a Big Ten Conference title for three decades. A United Press International story named three football programs in 1952 with new coaches that would struggle to ever be competitive: Iowa, Indiana, and Pittsburgh. Iowa's first two opponents in 1952 were Pittsburgh and Indiana, and Iowa lost to both, starting the year 0-2. But Evashevski knew the Hawkeye program could be resurrected. When he came to Iowa, Evashevski was asked by a writer, \"Do you think Iowa could ever really have a consistently winning team?\" Evashevski snapped, \"Why in the hell do you think I took the job?\"", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team The 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion. Prior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll. Expectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent. Iowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record.", "The Hawkeyes won 20 straight games in the early 1920s under the guidance of Hall of Fame coach Howard Jones. Jones soon left Iowa and established a powerhouse at Southern California, and the Hawkeyes were abysmal for most of the 1930s. Iowa was expelled from the Big Ten on May 25, 1929. The reasons were officially unstated and university president William Jessup professed not to know why the faculty committee voted to expel the university. Discussions of player compensation and Iowa's inaction on alleged ethics violation appear to have been a main cause. Following the 1929 season, the Big Ten faculty committee unanimously voted to reinstate Iowa to the conference on February 1, 1930. On December 11, 1929, Iowa had disqualified 27 players, presumably due to compensation issues, and was advised not to seek reinstatement of any of those players. As a result, little was expected of Iowa's 1939 team, led by new coach Eddie Anderson. Nicknamed the \u201cIronmen\u201d, the 1939 Hawkeyes scored several upset victories and vaulted into the national rankings. Though Iowa fell a game short of the Big Ten title, team MVP Nile Kinnick won almost every major national award, including the 1939 Heisman Trophy. Forest Evashevski was hired as Iowa's head coach in 1952. He lured Calvin Jones to Iowa, where Jones became the first Hawkeye \u2013 and the first African-American \u2013 to win the Outland Trophy in 1955. From 1956 to 1960, Evashevski led Iowa to four finishes in the top five of the national rankings, three Big Ten Conference titles, two Rose Bowl victories (in 1957 and 1959), and the 1958 FWAA national championship. After the 1960 season, Evashevski left coaching to become Iowa's athletic director. In 1960 the Hawkeyes held on to the #1 ranking for much of the season."], "answer": {"text": "Fritz Crisler urged him to consider Iowa. He felt that it would be easier to attain statewide support", "answer_start": 381}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Forest Evashevski become head coach at Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he receive any other offers to coach anywhere else?", "answer": {"text": "Evashevski nearly took the head coaching job at Indiana University,", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_0_q#3", "question": "How did the team play under his leadership?", "rewrite": "How did the Iowa team play under Forest Evashevski's leadership?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski.", "The Hawkeyes won 20 straight games in the early 1920s under the guidance of Hall of Fame coach Howard Jones. Jones soon left Iowa and established a powerhouse at Southern California, and the Hawkeyes were abysmal for most of the 1930s. Iowa was expelled from the Big Ten on May 25, 1929. The reasons were officially unstated and university president William Jessup professed not to know why the faculty committee voted to expel the university. Discussions of player compensation and Iowa's inaction on alleged ethics violation appear to have been a main cause. Following the 1929 season, the Big Ten faculty committee unanimously voted to reinstate Iowa to the conference on February 1, 1930. On December 11, 1929, Iowa had disqualified 27 players, presumably due to compensation issues, and was advised not to seek reinstatement of any of those players. As a result, little was expected of Iowa's 1939 team, led by new coach Eddie Anderson. Nicknamed the \u201cIronmen\u201d, the 1939 Hawkeyes scored several upset victories and vaulted into the national rankings. Though Iowa fell a game short of the Big Ten title, team MVP Nile Kinnick won almost every major national award, including the 1939 Heisman Trophy. Forest Evashevski was hired as Iowa's head coach in 1952. He lured Calvin Jones to Iowa, where Jones became the first Hawkeye \u2013 and the first African-American \u2013 to win the Outland Trophy in 1955. From 1956 to 1960, Evashevski led Iowa to four finishes in the top five of the national rankings, three Big Ten Conference titles, two Rose Bowl victories (in 1957 and 1959), and the 1958 FWAA national championship. After the 1960 season, Evashevski left coaching to become Iowa's athletic director. In 1960 the Hawkeyes held on to the #1 ranking for much of the season.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team The 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion. Prior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll. Expectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent. Iowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record.", "Bob Commings Bob Commings (December 24, 1932 \u2013 February 20, 1992) was a college football player and coach at the University of Iowa. He was also a high school football coach for 24 years in the state of Ohio. Commings was born on Christmas Eve at the height of the Great Depression. He grew up in Ohio and played high school football at Youngstown's East High School. After graduating from high school in 1952, he enrolled at the University of Iowa. Commings spent his first two years at Iowa, lettering as a sophomore in 1953. That season, Coach Forest Evashevski's Hawkeyes finished the year ranked ninth in the nation in the final AP Poll. With the Korean War raging abroad, Commings signed up with the Marine Corps, serving for two years before returning to Iowa. He played his junior season in 1956 on the offensive and defensive lines. That Iowa team won the Big Ten Conference title, and Commings started in the 1957 Rose Bowl for the Hawkeyes, helping Iowa to a 35\u201319 victory. As a senior in 1957, Commings helped Iowa to a 7\u20131\u20131 record and a number six ranking in the final AP Poll. He was good friends with fellow lineman Alex Karras, who later had success as a professional athlete and actor. Though Karras won the 1957 Outland Trophy, it was Bob Commings at the end of the year that was voted as Iowa's 1957 MVP. In his three years at Iowa, Commings helped the Hawkeyes to a 21\u20135\u20131 record, and Iowa finished the year ranked in the top ten of the AP poll in each of his three years as a Hawkeye player. Commings was an assistant coach at Iowa for two seasons in 1958 and 1959 before leaving to become a high school coach in Ohio."], "answer": {"text": "in 1952 were Pittsburgh and Indiana, and Iowa lost to both, starting the year 0-2.", "answer_start": 1243}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Forest Evashevski become head coach at Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he receive any other offers to coach anywhere else?", "answer": {"text": "Evashevski nearly took the head coaching job at Indiana University,", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mad him choose Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "Fritz Crisler urged him to consider Iowa. He felt that it would be easier to attain statewide support", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_0_q#4", "question": "Did he have any major wins?", "rewrite": "Did Forest Evashevski have any major wins at Iowa?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team The 1958 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1958 Big Ten Conference football season. The team was coached by Forest Evashevski and captained by fullback John Nocera. The Football Writers Association of America (FWAA) awarded the team the Grantland Rice Award, which is presented annually to the college football team adjudged by the FWAA to be national champion. Prior to 1958, coach Forest Evashevski had compiled a 31\u201321\u20133 record in six seasons with the Hawkeyes. His most successful years were the previous two, 1956 and 1957, in which Iowa went 16\u20132\u20131. The 1956 team became the first to win the Big Ten Conference championship in 34 years, and their 1957 Rose Bowl victory over Oregon State was the first postseason trip and win in school history. Both teams finished in the top ten in the final AP Poll. Expectations for the 1958 season were high, despite the graduation of two star players. Tackle Alex Karras, who won the 1957 Outland Trophy and was twice selected as an All-American, and end Jim Gibbons, an All-American in 1957, were both drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 1958 NFL Draft. Senior quarterback Randy Duncan, who also started in 1957, would be relied on heavily to replace the lost talent. Iowa's season opener against TCU was played under the shadow of a new press box, which would watch over nearly five decades of Hawkeye football. Iowa beat the No. 6 Horned Frogs easily, 17-0. The win shot the Hawkeyes up to No. 8 in the September 29 poll. TCU, the eventual Southwest Conference champions, would finish in the top ten of the final poll with an 8-2-1 record.", "Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski.", "The Hawkeyes won 20 straight games in the early 1920s under the guidance of Hall of Fame coach Howard Jones. Jones soon left Iowa and established a powerhouse at Southern California, and the Hawkeyes were abysmal for most of the 1930s. Iowa was expelled from the Big Ten on May 25, 1929. The reasons were officially unstated and university president William Jessup professed not to know why the faculty committee voted to expel the university. Discussions of player compensation and Iowa's inaction on alleged ethics violation appear to have been a main cause. Following the 1929 season, the Big Ten faculty committee unanimously voted to reinstate Iowa to the conference on February 1, 1930. On December 11, 1929, Iowa had disqualified 27 players, presumably due to compensation issues, and was advised not to seek reinstatement of any of those players. As a result, little was expected of Iowa's 1939 team, led by new coach Eddie Anderson. Nicknamed the \u201cIronmen\u201d, the 1939 Hawkeyes scored several upset victories and vaulted into the national rankings. Though Iowa fell a game short of the Big Ten title, team MVP Nile Kinnick won almost every major national award, including the 1939 Heisman Trophy. Forest Evashevski was hired as Iowa's head coach in 1952. He lured Calvin Jones to Iowa, where Jones became the first Hawkeye \u2013 and the first African-American \u2013 to win the Outland Trophy in 1955. From 1956 to 1960, Evashevski led Iowa to four finishes in the top five of the national rankings, three Big Ten Conference titles, two Rose Bowl victories (in 1957 and 1959), and the 1958 FWAA national championship. After the 1960 season, Evashevski left coaching to become Iowa's athletic director. In 1960 the Hawkeyes held on to the #1 ranking for much of the season.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "\"People in the Midwest are my people and I wanted to be back among them...And, of course, I don't have to tell you what I think of Big Ten football. It's the best in the country.\" With those words, Evashevski left the Palouse in eastern Washington to become the University of Iowa's 19th head football coach. Evashevski nearly took the head coaching job at Indiana University, but Fritz Crisler urged him to consider Iowa. He felt that it would be easier to attain statewide support at Iowa than in Indiana, where Purdue University and the University of Notre Dame shared the spotlight. Evashevski was familiar with Iowa City from his stint with the Naval Pre-Flight School. Crisler was the man who recommended Evashevski to Iowa's athletic director, Paul Brechler. Crisler did warn Brechler, however, that Evashevski was \"a tough, stubborn Polack, and you might have to put the reins on him.\" In 1952, Iowa football had only had three winning seasons in the previous 16 years. Iowa had also gone without a Big Ten Conference title for three decades. A United Press International story named three football programs in 1952 with new coaches that would struggle to ever be competitive: Iowa, Indiana, and Pittsburgh. Iowa's first two opponents in 1952 were Pittsburgh and Indiana, and Iowa lost to both, starting the year 0-2. But Evashevski knew the Hawkeye program could be resurrected. When he came to Iowa, Evashevski was asked by a writer, \"Do you think Iowa could ever really have a consistently winning team?\" Evashevski snapped, \"Why in the hell do you think I took the job?\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Forest Evashevski become head coach at Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he receive any other offers to coach anywhere else?", "answer": {"text": "Evashevski nearly took the head coaching job at Indiana University,", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mad him choose Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "Fritz Crisler urged him to consider Iowa. He felt that it would be easier to attain statewide support", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the team play under his leadership?", "answer": {"text": "in 1952 were Pittsburgh and Indiana, and Iowa lost to both, starting the year 0-2.", "answer_start": 1243, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03aa7f9da93f4fb391056569400dac55_0_q#5", "question": "what made him a good coach?", "rewrite": "what made Forest Evashevski a good coach?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They are: Forest Evashevski (AP-1; UP-2), Ed Frutig (AP-1; UP-1), Ralph Fritz (AP-1; UP-1), Tom Harmon (AP-1; UP-1), Al Wistert (AP-2), and Bob Westfall (UP-2) Several Michigan players were also selected to play in post-season all-star game. Tom Harmon, Ed Frutig and Forest Evashevski were selected to play in the East\u2013West Shrine Game on New Year's Day in San Francisco, while Ralph Fritz was a starter at guard for the north team in the Blue\u2013Gray Football Classic in Montgomery, Alabama. The Michigan players accounted for both of the East's touchdowns in the Shrine Game, as Harmon threw touchdown passes to Evashevski and Frutig, the latter coming on a fake punt by Harmon. Team awards went to Tom Harmon as the team's Most Valuable Player, and to George Ceithaml as the recipient of the Meyer Morton Award. The following players were claimed in the 1941 NFL Draft.", "Bump was a man of great class and he showed it to me again and again in that first year, never getting in the way, always trying to be helpful, always trying to encourage me.\" After Michigan won the 1969 Ohio State game, the team presented the game ball to Elliott, and Schembechler noted that \"I don't remember when I felt happier about anything in my life.\" From 1969 to 1970, Elliott was the associate director of athletics at Michigan. Elliott became the men's athletic director at the University of Iowa in 1970, succeeding Forest Evashevski. He came to Iowa in the midst of a feud between athletic director Forest Evashevski and football coach Ray Nagel. Evashevski resigned in May 1970, and Elliott was hired to replace him. On accepting the job, Elliott noted: \"It's difficult to leave a town where you've lived for 13 years (Ann Arbor, Michigan), but the opportunity is so good at Iowa with the people and the school that no one could pass it up.\" During Elliott's tenure, the school's teams won 34 Big Ten championships and 11 NCAA titles, as well as making three Rose Bowl appearances and one trip to the Final Four in basketball. The university also built a basketball arena (Carver-Hawkeye Arena), erected an indoor workout center for football and added more than 10,000 seats to its football stadium. His career at Iowa was marked by a general resurgence in the competitiveness of Iowa athletics. Elliott hired a number of notable coaches, including Lute Olson, Dan Gable, Hayden Fry, and Dr. Tom Davis.", "George Ceithaml George Frank Ceithaml ( ; February 10, 1921 \u2013 May 24, 2012) was an American football quarterback and coach. He was the starting quarterback for Fritz Crisler's University of Michigan football teams in 1941 and 1942. Crisler later called Ceithaml \"the smartest player he ever taught. \" Ceithaml was selected as the quarterback on the 1942 All-Big Ten Conference team, the captain of the 1942 All-American Blocking Team, and was the 19th player selected in the 1943 NFL Draft. He later served as an assistant football coach at Michigan and the University of Southern California. Ceithaml was born in Chicago and raised on the city's South Side. He was an All-City quarterback two straight years for Lindbloom High School. In 1939 Ceithaml enrolled at the University of Michigan and joined the football team at the beginning of the Fritz Crisler era. He was 6-feet tall and weighed 184 pounds as a football player at Michigan. As a sophomore in 1940 Ceithaml was the backup quarterback to Forest Evashevski on a team the included All-American Tom Harmon. Ceithaml first saw substantial playing time in November 1940 leading the press to report: \"George Ceithaml has ended Michigan's two-year search for a capable substitute for Forest Evashevski. Ceithaml, a 190-pound sophomore, turned in a fine performance calling signals and blocking for the Wolverines against Pennsylvania. \" Ceithaml received the 1940 Meyer Morton Award, established by the University of Michigan's \"M\" Club to recognize the underclassman who shows the greatest development and most promise as a football player. During his junior and senior years in 1941 and 1942, Ceithaml started all 18 of Michigan's games and played on defense as well as offense.", "The 1939 team returned the core of its 1938 backfield, including quarterback Forest Evashevski and halfbacks Tom Harmon and Paul Kromer, who had become known in 1938 as the \"Touchdown Twins\". On the line, the Wolverines returned their starting center Archie Kodros, who had been selected as the 1939 team captain at the close of the 1938 season. However, the Wolverines lost all four of their starting tackles and guards, including All-American guard Ralph Heikkinen. Before the season began, the Associated Press opined that Michigan, \"apparently with plenty of backfield speed and power, will be hard to stop if Coach Fritz Crisler can mold a good line.\" One week before the season started, Irving Kane Pond, the man who in 1879 scored the first touchdown in Michigan football history and later became a renowned architect, died in Washington, D.C. On October 7, 1939, Michigan opened its season with a 26 to 13 victory over Charlie Bachman's Michigan State team. The game, the 34th played between the two programs, was played at Michigan Stadium before 68,618 spectators that \"The New York Times\" called \"a howling throng.\" Michigan took a 26 to 0 lead at halftime. The Wolverines' first points came on three-yard run around the right end by Paul Kromer, with blocking by Tom Harmon and Forest Evashevski, capping a 65-yard touchdown drive. On the opening play of the second quarter, Harmon scored on a two-yard run, capping a drive that started at Michigan State's 33-yard line. On the ensuing Michigan State drive, Archie Kodros intercepted a pass at the Spartans' 20-yard line, and after a 15-yard penalty was assessed, Michigan took over on the five-yard line.", "Evy, who had frequently mentioned that he never intended to grow old in coaching, clearly wanted the athletic director job. Members on the Board of Athletics, however, were concerned about the prospect of the ambitious Evashevski holding both positions. The Board told Evy that he could take either job: head football coach or athletic director. Evy chose to become Iowa's athletic director and promised to appoint a new football coach after the 1960 season. Evy's final season as football coach at Iowa was another memorable one. In 1960, Iowa overcame a fierce schedule and finished the year 8\u20131 and ranked #2 in the AP poll. Iowa's only loss came to Minnesota, which finished #1 in the AP poll before losing the Rose Bowl. However, Iowa defeated Ohio State on the last game of the conference season to clinch a share of the league crown with Minnesota. It was Evy's third Big Ten title at Iowa. Evy's nine years as a head coach at Iowa were wildly successful, and Forest Evashevski was eventually inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Evashevski selected his assistant, Jerry Burns, to succeed him as coach of the Hawkeyes. Iowa began the 1961 season ranked #1 in the AP poll but staggered to a disappointing 5\u20134 record. A defeat of Notre Dame on the final game of the season gave Iowa a winning record for the year; it would be Iowa's last winning season for the next 20 years. Iowa stumbled to a 4\u20135 record in 1962, though for the only time in school history, Iowa defeated both Michigan and Ohio State in the same season. Two more subpar seasons put Burns on the hot seat entering 1965, but the 1965 team was predicted to do well. Instead, Iowa finished the year 1\u20139, and Burns was fired by his former mentor Evashevski."], "answer": {"text": "a photographer noted, \"I think that man truly believes he's the savior of Iowa football.\"", "answer_start": 12}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Forest Evashevski become head coach at Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "In 1952,", "answer_start": 894, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he receive any other offers to coach anywhere else?", "answer": {"text": "Evashevski nearly took the head coaching job at Indiana University,", "answer_start": 309, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What mad him choose Iowa?", "answer": {"text": "Fritz Crisler urged him to consider Iowa. He felt that it would be easier to attain statewide support", "answer_start": 381, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the team play under his leadership?", "answer": {"text": "in 1952 were Pittsburgh and Indiana, and Iowa lost to both, starting the year 0-2.", "answer_start": 1243, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any major wins?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#0", "question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "rewrite": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "List of awards and nominations received by the Smashing Pumpkins This is a list of awards and nominations received by The Smashing Pumpkins. The American Music Award is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to present the Grammy Awards expired. The Antville Music Video Awards are online awards for the best music video and music video directors of the year. They were first awarded in 2005. The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Design and Art Direction (\"D&AD\") is a British educational charity which exists to promote excellence in design and advertising. Delivered since 1991. The GAFFA Awards (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music, awarded by the GAFFA magazine. The Grammy Award is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The Smashing Pumpkins have received eleven nominations and winning two times in the Best Hard Rock Performance category. The Juno Award are presented annually to Canadians musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. Lunas del Auditorio are sponsored by The National Auditorium in Mexico to honor the best live shows in the country. The MTV Europe Music Awards are an event presented by Viacom International Media Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. The Smashing Pumpkins have received fifteen nominations and eight wins. The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos. The NME Awards were created by the \"NME\" magazine and was first held in 1953. The Smashing Pumpkins has received two nominations.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album."], "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#1", "question": "who else worked in the band?", "rewrite": "Who besides James Iha else worked in The Smashing Pumpkins band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Let It Come Down (James Iha album) Let It Come Down is James Iha's first solo album. It was released in 1998, during which Iha was still with The Smashing Pumpkins, before the release of \"Adore\". Iha took on a more acoustic country-ish sound reminiscent of the songs he contributed to the Pumpkins, notably shying away from the darker sound of Billy Corgan's songwriting. Iha had said that the quieter tone of the songs reflected the fact that many of them were written in his hotel rooms during The Smashing Pumpkins tours, and he didn't want to disturb other guests by playing too loudly. \"Be Strong Now\" was released as a 4-track single, featuring the bonus studio tracks \"Falling\", \"My Advice\" and \"Take Care\", and as a 2-track promo single where the other track is a 12-second clip from the song \"Be Strong Now\" called \"Call Out Hook\". Both versions of the \"Be Strong Now\" single feature the same cover. There is also an extended promo version of the single called \"Be Strong Now (With Intro) \" lasting 3:35. Additionally, the song \"Jealousy\" was released as a promo single, without any B-sides. The album was remastered and re-issued in February 2012 with the three tracks previously released as b-sides added as bonus tracks. All songs were written by James Iha.", "On his birthday on March 26, 2016, original guitarist James Iha joined Billy Corgan, Jimmy Chamberlin, and Jeff Schroeder on stage unannounced at the Ace Hotel in downtown Los Angeles. He performed a few songs, including \"Mayonaise\", \"Soma\" and \"Whir\" marking his first appearance with the Smashing Pumpkins in 16 years. Iha also played at the second of the two Smashing Pumpkins shows at the Ace Hotel the following day, which was Easter Sunday. Iha joined the Pumpkins for a third time at their April 14 concert at the Civic Opera House in Chicago. In July, Corgan began hinting of the possibility of reuniting the band original lineup, of himself, Iha, Wretzky, and Chamberlin, and in August, he stated he had begun reaching out to the original lineup about the feasibility of a reunion, including speaking to Wretzky for the first time in sixteen years. Despite the comments, Corgan would spend much of 2017 working on solo material - recording and releasing the solo album Ogilala and beginning work on another solo album for 2018. In June 2017 Chamberlin also mentioned the possibility of a reunion tour in 2018. In January 2018 Corgan shared a photo of himself, Iha, and Chamberlin together in recording studio. In February 2018 Corgan announced that he was working with music producer Rick Rubin on a future Smashing Pumpkins albums, that there were currently 26 songs he was actively working on, and that \"the guitar feels once again like the preferred weapon of choice.\" Soon afterwards, Corgan shared a photo of sound equipment with Iha's name on a label, as well as announcing recording was finished on the upcoming album. On February 15, 2018, the band officially announced that founding members Iha and Chamberlin were back in the band.", "List of the Smashing Pumpkins band members The Smashing Pumpkins are an alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988. The band was formed by guitarist/vocalist Billy Corgan and guitarist James Iha after the demise of Corgan's first band, the Marked. Since its inception, the Smashing Pumpkins has gone through multiple line-up changes, with Corgan the only consistent member. After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. The pair soon began writing songs together with the aid of a drum machine. Corgan met bassist D'arcy Wretzky in mid 1988 after a show by the Dan Reed Network where they argued the merits of the band. After finding out Wretzky played bass, Corgan stated his band's need for a bassist and gave Wretzky his telephone number. Wretzky soon joined the band, and she and Iha later had a short-lived romance. The first performance of the Smashing Pumpkins was on July 9, 1988, at the Polish bar Chicago 21. This performance included only Corgan and Iha with a drum machine. On August 10, 1988, the band played for the first time as a trio at the Avalon Nightclub. After this show, Cabaret Metro owner Joe Shanahan agreed to book the band on the condition that they replace the drum machine with a live drummer. Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recruited for the band after a recommendation from a friend of Corgan's. On October 5, 1988, the complete band took the stage for the first time at the Cabaret Metro.", "Also in 2007, the Smashing Pumpkins reunited without Iha, and Billy Corgan has claimed at various times that this was because Iha had never expressed any interest in rejoining the group. In May 2008, Marilyn Manson said that Iha would be making a guest appearance on his new record; however, Iha was not credited as a guitarist on the album. On December 22, 2008, the Swedish band A Camp (the solo project of the Cardigans vocalist Nina Persson) put out a press release announcing that their new album would come out on April 28, 2009, featuring guest appearances by Iha and other musicians. On February 17, 2009, it was announced that James Iha had, together with Taylor Hanson, Fountains of Wayne bassist Adam Schlesinger, and Cheap Trick drummer Bun E. Carlos formed a new band called Tinted Windows. The band played their first publicized gig at SXSW in Austin, Texas on March 20. Their first album was released on April 21, 2009 to generally positive reviews. In April 2010, the official James Iha Web site reopened. According to the site, Iha considered his next solo album \"halfway done (in his mind)\". Shortly thereafter, a picture of James Iha with Kelly Pratt and Jon Natchez from the band Beirut was posted on the Web site saying they would be playing horns on the album. In August 2010, members of A Perfect Circle posted messages to their Twitter accounts telling fans of their return after a 6-year long hiatus. The band later announced tour dates in which they would be playing the entirety of each of their three albums at each concert, with one album being played per night. It was also announced that the line-up would consist of Maynard James Keenan, Billy Howerdel, Josh Freese, Matt McJunkins, and James Iha.", "James Iha Iha has produced songs, contributed guitar and vocals, and produced remixes for a number of artists, including L.A.'s Midnight Movies, Scottish singer Isobel Campbell, Marilyn Manson, Whiskeytown, and Michael Stipe. He also co-owns Scratchie Records, an independent record label, with Adam Schlesinger, and a recording studio with Schlesinger and Andy Chase of Ivy called Stratosphere Sound. Iha was born in Chicago, Illinois. He attended Elk Grove High School in Elk Grove Village, Illinois, which he described as \"a boring, middle-class suburb of Chicago. \" Iha received average grades in high school, and, after a successful two-year stint at a local junior college, he majored in graphic design at Loyola University Chicago before dropping out to dedicate himself to the Smashing Pumpkins. He is a second-generation Japanese-American and is able to speak only a little Japanese. Like his bandmate Billy Corgan, Iha has a brother with a disability. In the early 2000s, James had an imposter in the Chicago area, who was arrested. James also designs and consults for his mens clothing brand Vaporize, a collaboration with the Japanese label Beams since 2001. In 1987 Iha, then playing guitar in the Chicago band Snake Train, met Billy Corgan via a friend. Corgan had already been telling people he was in a band called \"Smashing Pumpkins\", and decided to make it a real band with Iha. Iha later became romantically involved with the band's bassist D'arcy Wretzky, but the couple broke up just prior to the band's performance at the Reading Festival in 1992. After a brief feud between the two, Iha sustained a friendly and close relationship with Wretzky, citing her as a best friend."], "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#2", "question": "did the band have any other member?", "rewrite": "Did the Smashing Pumpkins have any other member in addition to Billy Corgan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Kerry Brown (musician)  Kerry Brown (born 1963) is a record producer, movie soundtrack producer, music editor, composer, artist manager, and a musician. He was the drummer in Chicago alternative rock band Catherine in the 1990s. He was married to D'arcy Wretzky of The Smashing Pumpkins at that time, and is now married to Stacey Sher. He played drums for The Smashing Pumpkins on the song \"Blew Away\" and he produced \"Starla\" & \"Plume\" for the album \"Pisces Iscariot\". Kerry wrote for, played drums for, recorded, and produced, his band Catherine from 1985 to 1998. They officially released one 7\" single, an E.P., and two albums between 1991 and 1996. Catherine performed a one-off two song reunion set at a Smashing Pumpkins concert at the Riveria Theatre in Chicago, IL on 14 October 2011, featuring Billy Corgan on guitar. He also performed drums on The Smashing Pumpkins track \"Blew Away\" amongst his many various producer/engineer stints for the band. He played hand drums in Spirits in the Sky, a short lived live band that featured Corgan, Dave Navarro, Mark Tulin, Ysanne Spevack, and Mike Byrne. Kerry was the drummer in a one-off group called The Backwards Clock Society, which featured Tulin on bass and Billy Corgan on vocals and guitar. The one and only Backwards Clock Society show was held on 8 November 2009, at the Echoplex in Los Angeles, CA. The show was a benefit for Laura Ann Masura. Future bass player of The Smashing Pumpkins Nicole Fiorentino was performing with Light FM at this show, and was pointed out to Corgan by Kerry at this show. Kerry Brown has produced the music soundtracks to major Hollywood motion pictures including \"Blow\" and", "List of the Smashing Pumpkins band members The Smashing Pumpkins are an alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988. The band was formed by guitarist/vocalist Billy Corgan and guitarist James Iha after the demise of Corgan's first band, the Marked. Since its inception, the Smashing Pumpkins has gone through multiple line-up changes, with Corgan the only consistent member. After the breakup of his gothic rock band the Marked, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left St. Petersburg, Florida, to return to his native city of Chicago, where he took a job in a record store. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha. The pair soon began writing songs together with the aid of a drum machine. Corgan met bassist D'arcy Wretzky in mid 1988 after a show by the Dan Reed Network where they argued the merits of the band. After finding out Wretzky played bass, Corgan stated his band's need for a bassist and gave Wretzky his telephone number. Wretzky soon joined the band, and she and Iha later had a short-lived romance. The first performance of the Smashing Pumpkins was on July 9, 1988, at the Polish bar Chicago 21. This performance included only Corgan and Iha with a drum machine. On August 10, 1988, the band played for the first time as a trio at the Avalon Nightclub. After this show, Cabaret Metro owner Joe Shanahan agreed to book the band on the condition that they replace the drum machine with a live drummer. Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recruited for the band after a recommendation from a friend of Corgan's. On October 5, 1988, the complete band took the stage for the first time at the Cabaret Metro.", "Zwan  Zwan was an American alternative rock supergroup that was formed by Billy Corgan and Jimmy Chamberlin, lead singer and guitarist, and the drummer of the Smashing Pumpkins respectively, after they disbanded in December 2000. Other members included bassist Paz Lenchantin, of A Perfect Circle, and guitarists David Pajo and Matt Sweeney of various prior bands and projects. The band released only one album, \"Mary Star of the Sea\", in 2003, before breaking up acrimoniously that same year during their world tour to promote the album. Following the disbanding, Corgan released a solo album, \"TheFutureEmbrace\" before reforming the Smashing Pumpkins in 2005, with Chamberlin in 2006. Despite allusions to multiple album's worth of material written by band members, no further material has surfaced beyond their only studio album, and none of the material has ever been revisited in performances by any of the members outside of a brief 2017 tour by Corgan. In his solo shows in the summer of 2019, Corgan played Honestly and Endless Summer on his European summer tour at some dates. Following the breakup of the Smashing Pumpkins, Corgan and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin joined forces with Matt Sweeney (formerly of the bands Chavez and Skunk) to start Zwan. Corgan had been friends with Sweeney since early in his career and Sweeney was thanked in the liner notes to The Smashing Pumpkins album \"Siamese Dream\". Juan Alderete was one of the musicians who auditioned for the bassist position, before Sweeney recruited David Pajo (member of Slint, Papa M, Stereolab and many Drag City acts). The band debuted as a four-piece in late 2001. Later, former A Perfect Circle's bassist Paz Lenchantin joined the band in 2002, and Pajo was moved as their third guitarist. Zwan had two different incarnations.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011."], "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#3", "question": "what was the major gain from these early years", "rewrite": "What was the major achievement from the Smashing Pumpkin's early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["USA Today gave the album 3.5 out of four stars, praising the production and song writing. The A.V. Club gave the album a B and called it \"a solid start to a new Smashing Pumpkins era\". Pitchfork Media rated the album 6.3 out of 10, purporting that on \"Oceania\" , Corgan plays with a \"hired-via-contest crew of strangers\" and that it is \"difficult not to notice he's repeating himself,\" comparing several new songs to earlier Smashing Pumpkins hits. Daily Nebraskan gave the album A\u2212 and called it \"one of this years best rock records\". Consequence of Sound gave the album four out of five stars and called it \"best Corgan work in a long time\". CraveOnline gave Oceania an 8 out of 10 review, stating that \"If \"Oceania\" is a testament of what's to come, I may need to pull my old Smashing Pumpkin t-shirt out of the closet. \" SPIN gave a rating of 7 out of 10, declaring that it is \"easily Corgan's best work since his rat-in-a-cage heyday. \" The Seattle Post-Intelligencer scored the album with 4.5 out of five stars, stating it \"is full of winners. \" The album was listed at #48 on Rolling Stone's list of the top 50 albums of 2012, saying \"The most recent dispatch from whatever far-off planet Billy Corgan currently resides on is the finest slab of cosmic prog he's thrown down since the Pumpkins' early-Nineties heyday.\" Credits adapted from \"Oceania\" album liner notes and Allmusic. The Smashing Pumpkins Production", "\"Band On The Run\", Carly Simon's \"The Right Thing To Do\", \"Raydio's \"You Can't Change That\", Rupert Holmes' \"Him\" and Chicago's \"Colour My World\". Common in jazz since the Jazz Age of the 20's, major seventh chords appeared frequently in compositions of genres influenced by jazz in the subsequent decades, such as traditional pop, bossa nova, and easy listening. Moving into the 70's to replace the prominence of the dominant seventh chord as a stable tonic more common in the first fifteen years of the rock era, the major seventh was common in all styles, \"pervading soul, country rock, soft rock, MOR (middle-of-the-road styles), jazz rock, funk, and disco. \" Music theorist Ken Stephenson continues:  Pieces which feature prominent major seventh chords include: Chick Corea's \"Litha\", Joe Henderson's \"Inner Urge\", John Lennon's \"Imagine\", Freddie Hubbard's \"Little Sunflower\", Carole King's \"It's Too Late\", Michel Legrand's \"Watch What Happens\", Antonio Jobim's \"Dindi\", Red Hot Chili Peppers' \" Under The Bridge\", Tadd Dameron's \"Lady Bird\", Tyler the Creator's \"Earfquake\", Smashing Pumpkin's \"1979\", Sugar Ray's \"Someday\", \"This Guy's in Love with You\" by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, England Dan & John Ford Coley's \"We'll Never Have to Say Goodbye Again\", The Spinners' \"I'll Be Around\", and Tower of Power's \"So Very Hard to Go\". In standard tuning, the left is the low E string.", "Morton Pumpkin Festival The Morton Pumpkin Festival is annual four-day festival organized and sponsored by the Morton Chamber of Commerce held in mid-September. The Morton Pumpkin Festival was first held in Morton, Illinois in 1967. The event now draws more than 75,000 attendees annually. In 1978, Governor James R. Thompson declared Morton the \u201cPumpkin Capital of the World.\u201d Morton's title of \"Pumpkin Capital of the World\" is tied to the presence of the Nestl\u00e9-owned Libby's pumpkin processing plant, which processes more than 80 percent of the world's canned pumpkin. Each year, the Morton Chamber of Commerce selects a special theme for the Morton Pumpkin Festival. Festival themes are voted on by the general public while taking the annual Pumpkin Festival Survey in September. The top festival theme choices are then taken to the Pumpkin Festival Oversight Committee and the Morton Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors for the final selection. Themes are announced in January during the Morton Chamber of Commerce Annual Dinner. Many of the Pumpkin Festival events and activities including the Parades, Pageants, Entertainment, Competitions, and Opening Ceremonies incorporate costumes, music, and other elements in celebration of the annual theme. Many attendees of the festival come just for the food, especially the pumpkin flavored food. Beyond the usual fair/carnival favorites and pumpkin pie, some of the other items include pumpkin chili, pumpkin cookies, pumpkin doughnuts, pumpkin caramel shake, pumpkin ice cream and pumpkin fudge. The marquee food-related event typically happens on the Saturday morning of the Pumpkin Festival. Saturday morning showcases the all-you-can-eat Pumpkin Pancake breakfast. One price includes all the pumpkin pancakes you can eat, sausage, coffee & milk. All served under a huge tent with local children providing breakfast-time entertainment.", "Cudonia confusa Cudonia confusa, commonly known as the cinnamon jellybaby, is a species of fungus in the Cudoniaceae family. The species was first described scientifically in 1898 by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola. The fungus forms slimy or sticky club-shaped fruit bodies up to high with a cinnamon to reddish-brown \"head\" that measures atop a similarly coloured stalk that is by thick. Its cylindrical spores measure 35\u201345 by 2 \u00b5m; arranged in a parallel fashion, they are borne in asci that measure 105\u2013120 by 10\u201312 \u00b5m. The paraphyses are curled at their tips. \"Cudonia circinans\" is similar in appearance, but its stalk is not the same color as its head. \"Cudonia confusa\" is found in Asia (China and Korea) and Europe, where it usually grows in tufts in coniferous forests.", "Other collaborators included D'Arcy Wretzky, former bassist of the Smashing Pumpkins, who provided vocals for the chorus of the track \"Cancer\". Eric Remschneider, who had also contributed to the Smashing Pumpkin's song \"Disarm\" was also brought in to play cello on the opening track \"Sand\", lead single \"Take a Picture\" and closing track \"Miss Blue\". The album was released on August 24, 1999, and debuted on the \"Billboard 200\" chart at no. 30. In support of it, the band performed on Family Values Tour 1999. By October 2001, the album had amassed over 800,000 sold, and was eventually certified platinum, indicating over one million units shipped. On August 9th 2019, the band released a 20th Anniversary reissue of the album via Craft Recordings. The album has been remastered and will be available on vinyl for the first time, as well as on CD and digital. All formats are expanded featuring four bonus tracks: \"(Can't You) Trip Like I Do\" (originally recorded for the cult-classic soundtrack \"Spawn The Album\"), \"Jurassitol\" (previously released on \"The Crow: City Of Angels - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack\"), plus remixes of the singles \"The Best Things (Humble Brothers Remix)\" and \"Take A Picture (H&H Remix)\". Both the two-LP set, and CD will feature new liner notes by author, journalist, and \"Side Jams\" podcast host Bryan Reesman. The expanded digital album also offers five additional rarities, including a live version of \"Take A Picture\", \"The Best Things (Dub Pistols Club Mix)\" and more. The album was commercially and critically well-received."], "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark,", "answer_start": 1614}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the band have any other member?", "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#4", "question": "what was the hit single of this album?", "rewrite": "What was the hit single of the album Light Into Dark?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Multi-million selling Universal A&R Eddie Gordon described the album Light Of The World as \"Unique song creations that show a connection to something much higher than the normal mind\", American music magazine Love is Pop said about the album: \"Light Of The World is one of the best albums I\u2019ve ever heard in my life, period!\" and critically acclaimed writer Christopher Nosnibor said \"Light Of The World stands as a truly multidimensional piece. \" The last single released and title track \"Light of the World\" was described by DJ Mag as \u201cA rare broken beat number\u201d. In May 2017 Nathassia commenced her first national UK tour called Feel The Future Now. The show was themed as a spellbinding journey, bringing the past back to life then transporting you into the future and covered the subjects from 3D to singularity, paganism to transhumanism, Egypt to nanotech & third eye to A.I. In February 2018 Nathassia launched Nathassia TV, and the first episode of The Nathassia Devine Show. In addition to live music performances by Nathassia from her London studio, the show also hosts the characters NAT01 Robot & Nefertiti Now, characters sprung from her UK tour. On Summer Solstice day 21 June 2018, Nathassia released her second album Devine Sunrise produced with renowned downtempo artist/DJ Pete Ardron. The album reached the Top 5 in the UK iTunes Album Chart (Electronic) and was described by critics as \"a truly unique project\" and \"totally uncompromising in its global appeal\". The debut single released from the album \"Is Everybody Searching\" reached the number 10 position in the UK pop chart.", "The two new songs were a cover of Nina Simone's \"Lilac Wine\" and a new production \"In The Night\". Having previously been known to be working with her friend High Contrast, Friday 18 July saw the surprise release of a collaboration between Maguire and High Contrast. \"Who's Loving You\" (Part 2) was played on Annie Mac's live BBC Radio 1 show at 8pm, and was made the \"Special Delivery\" of the show. The song is the second and more experimental remix half of a single to be released, while \"Who's Loving You (Part 1)\" is a full track, dropping the majority of the drum and bass sound that Part 2 boasts. In the interview section of the BBC Radio 1 stream, High Contrast commented that Maguire is exactly like \"The female Johnny Cash\", Cash being one of Maguire's biggest influences. In February, she had a live performance of 'Shadow' at the Burberry Prorsum A/W catwalk show. Maguire released her second EP, \" Don't Mess Me Around\", on 23 February 2015. On 24 March 2016, Maguire released the lead single, \"Elizabeth Taylor\", from her second studio album, \"Stranger Things Have Happened\", released on 27 May 2016. The album features songs both previously heard before and new additions to the blues vibe that the album encompasses. On 9 February 2018, Maguire released the single \"All or Nothing Love\". Maguire has supported Hurts, Plan B and The Script, with her own headlining tour in March and April 2011. The dates and locations of Clare's Headline tour for the album Light After Dark were:  25 March 2011 \u2013 Manchester, Band On The Wall. 26 March 2011 \u2013 Glasgow, King Tut's Wah Wah Hut. 28 March 2011 \u2013 Dublin, The Sugar Club. 30 March 2011 \u2013 Leeds, The Cockpit.", "Light of Love (T. Rex song) \"Light of Love\" is a 1974 single by the British glam rock band T. Rex. The track is taken from the album Bolan's Zip Gun whilst its B-side, \"Explosive Mouth\", features on the 1974 album Zinc Alloy and the Hidden Riders of Tomorrow. In the US, both songs appeared on the US only compilation album Light of Love. Rolling Stone magazine's Ken Barnes praised the single's \"upbeat\" and \"economical\" sound in a 1974 review, claiming Bolan's new output to be \"fresh and attractive\". Light of Love was produced by Marc Bolan; it was the first T. Rex single on which the production did not involve Tony Visconti. The single was in the UK charts for a total of five weeks, peaking at No. 22, and is notable as being the first T. Rex single to miss the Top 20. It appeared as the closing track on the end credits for the Vince Vaughn film, \"Delivery Man\" (2013).", "Towards the Light (song)  Towards the Light (Chinese: \u5411\u7740\u5149\u4eae\u90a3\u65b9) aka \"Towards the Bright Side\" is a song recorded by Chinese singer Xu Weizhou. The single was officially released on 2 May 2016 as one of the promotional songs of the film Yesterday Once More \"Towards the Light\" is a soundtrack with a length of four minutes and thirty seconds. It pertains to the struggles and passion of youths. Its music video was first released on 21 April 2016 for the promotion of the film Yesterday Once More but the single was officially released on 2 May 2016. It gained praises and it was the first time a song achieved top spots on both China V chart and Mandarin chart in Billboard China at the same week. \"Xu Weizhou\" performed the song live on his \"First Light Asia Tour\" with the other songs from his album Light. Afterwards, he performed it on music festivals such as Forest Music Festival, Zebra Music Festival and 20th PEACEBIRD Music Festival on late 2016. This single was composed by Chen Yu while the lyrics was written by Tintin Zhang. It was produced by Liu Tong, vice president of Beijing Enlight Pictures and the writer of the said movie. Liu stated that they chose Xu to sing \"Towards the Light\" because they think he is very suitable for it and \"it also wasn't easy for him to be known by people, but because of certain policy reasons, he was being suppressed\"; pertaining to the ban of Xu to appear on television shows by SAPPRFT but Liu added that people can't blame the higher-ups because things got out of control. He also added that \"...even though he is in this state right now, he will definitely still head towards the direction of the light and become better and better\".", "After the unexpected death of Michael Jackson, who Akon was working with, Akon released a tribute song called \"Cry Out Of Joy\". Akon claimed to be close friend with Jackson near the end of Jackson's life in an interview UK R&B writer Pete Lewis of the award-winning 'Blues & Soul' in October 2008 In July 2008, a song called \"Hold My Hand\", an R&B duet/collaboration between Michael Jackson and Akon, circulated the internet. It was not included in the track list for \"Freedom\" as Akon previously stated. During an interview with Tavis Smiley, Akon said that Jackson had planned on a high-profile release including a music video until the track had leaked. This is Jackson's last known song before he died on June 25, 2009. Akon finished work on the song for Jackson's posthumous album, \"Michael\" and it was released as a single in November 2010. Akon co-wrote and recorded \"Put It on My Tab\" with New Kids on the Block for their 2008 reunion album \"The Block\". He also co-wrote and produced Leona Lewis' single \"Forgive Me\" and worked with X Factor 2008 winner Alexandra Burke on her debut album. He later worked with Whitney Houston for her 2009 comeback album \"I Look to You\", appearing on the track \"Like I Never Left\". Akon collaborated with Pitbull on the single \"Shut It Down\" from the album \"Rebelution\" and worked with Matisyahu to remix his single \"One Day\" on his album Light. He also co-produced singer Natalia Kills' debut single, \"Mirrors\", from her debut album, \"Perfectionist\". IsThereSomethingICanDo.com, launched On March 25, 2009,"], "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the band have any other member?", "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the major gain from these early years", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark,", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#5", "question": "how well did this single perform?", "rewrite": "How well did the song I Am One from Light Into Dark perform?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The 2/48th Battalion had a much easier landing at \"Red Beach\" on the northern end of the beachhead with most troops disembarking from their LVTs near dry land. The battalion pushed north along the \"Anzac Highway\" and nearby hills, and rapidly secured a number of pillboxes behind the beach as well as the oil storage tanks. By the end of the day the 2/48th held positions in the hills to the west of Tarakan Town. The 2/24th Battalion also began landing on Red Beach from 9.20 am, and spent most of the day in reserve. The unit received orders to advance north along the Anzac Highway late in the afternoon, but did not encounter any opposition. By nightfall the Australian beachhead extended for along the shore and up to inland. However, Japanese snipers were active within this perimeter during the night of 1/2 May, and the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion (which formed the main unit of the 2nd Beach Group) fought several small battles with isolated Japanese forces. Allied casualties were lighter than expected, with 11 men killed and 35 wounded. The light Japanese resistance was attributed to the heavy pre-landing bombardment forcing Tarakan's defenders to abandon the formidable defences at Lingkas. While the infantry were successful in securing a beachhead, the landing was hampered by the poor beach conditions. Many Australian vehicles became bogged in Lingkas Beach's soft mud, and seven LSTs were stranded after their commanders misjudged the ships' beachings. The small amount of solid ground within the beachhead lead to severe congestion and resulted in none of 2/7th Field Regiment's guns being brought into action until the afternoon of the landing. The congestion was made worse by much of the RAAF ground force being landed on 1 May with large numbers of vehicles. The seven LSTs were not refloated until 13 May.", "Forward momentum was maintained, although the 2/48th suffered a number of casualties, and by the end of the day a by beachhead had been established, and the battalion had companies on Collins Highway ridge, one on the \"Parks\" feature and another at \"Finch\". Over the course of the next couple of days, Japanese resistance to the Australian advance increased. After the Australians secured the island's airfield and the low ground along the west coast, throughout May and into June significant engagements took place in the hills surrounding Tarakan town. On 2 May, the 2/48th captured Lyons Ridge, before pressing on towards Tarakan Hill, where they assaulted the \"Sykes\" feature supported by Matilda tanks from the 2/9th Armoured Regiment. Here they experienced their heaviest losses of the campaign, losing six killed and 26 wounded during the three assaults up the steep slopes of the feature. Their next major engagement came in late May when the 2/48th took part in fighting around Freda Ridge as part of the drive on the main Japanese position around Fukukaku. A company-level attack was put in and after stiff resistance the ridge was captured. The following morning, as the battalion waited for a Japanese counterattack, Tom Derrick, who had played a key role in capturing the position the previous day, was mortally wounded. He subsequently died on 24 May 1945. In June, major combat operations on the island ceased and the Australians began the mopping up phase of the campaign as the Australians sought to clear isolated pockets of Japanese troops that had evaded capture. These operations continued into July. During this time, the 2/48th was assigned a sector near the Pamusian River on the eastern coast, as well as Tarakan town and the centre of the island. The battalion's involvement in the Borneo campaign resulted in 174 casualties, including 37 killed and nine died of wounds or from accident.", "As the Australians advanced along the Anzac Highway towards the Japanese airfield, the battalion was withdrawn from construction tasks and put into the line as infantry. On 4 May, they were assigned to support the 26th Brigade and after relieving the 2/23rd Battalion, they commenced patrolling operations around the Tarakan town and the adjacent oilfields. The following day they launched an attack against Japanese positions located on two hills dubbed \"Helen\" and \"Sadie\" by the Australians. By 14 May, with artillery and air support, these positions were captured and two days elements of the battalion were able to advance through the Japanese lines, reaching the mouth of the Amal River on the coast. It was during the fighting on \"Helen\" in early May that one of the battalion's soldiers, Corporal Jack Mackey, performed the deeds that resulted in him being posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross. The fighting on Tarakan came to an end in mid-June when organised Japanese resistance was overcome. Small pockets of Japanese troops remained at large, however, and so mopping up operations were undertaken throughout June and into July until these groups began to surrender due to their increasingly desperate shortage of food. During this time, the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion conducted barge patrols between Tarakan and the neighbouring islands, as well as undertaking foot patrols in the south of the island. On 15 August, following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered and the war came to an end. Upon the completion of hostilities, the demobilisation process, which had begun to a limited extent in July, gained impetus. As a part of this, individual personnel were repatriated back to Australia, or transferred to other units for subsequent service, however the battalion remained in Borneo, undertaking garrison duties, and did not return to Australia until January 1946, when they were subsequently disbanded.", "Battle of Tarakan (1942) The Battle of Tarakan took place on January 11\u201312, 1942, beginning a day after the Empire of Japan declared war on the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Although Tarakan was only a small marshy island off northeastern Borneo in the Netherlands East Indies, the island's 700 oil wells, oil refinery, and airfield made it a crucial objective for Japan in the Pacific War. Tarakan is a triangle shaped island off the coast of Borneo. The island is roughly long from its northernmost point to the southern tip and wide towards the north of the island. The small island of Sadau is located about off Tarakan's west coast. Almost all of Tarakan's coastline is swampy, and in 1945 mangroves on the northern half of the island stretched inland. The coastal mangroves in the southern portion of the island were narrower. Inland from the swamps, most of central Tarakan comprised a series of steep and densely forested hills just over high. Tarakan is located three degrees north of the equator and has a tropical climate. The maximum temperature for most days is about 90 degrees Fahrenheit, and relative humidity is consistently high at about 90%. In 1945, Tarakan Town was the main settlement of the island. This town was located inland, and was separated from the south-west coast by several small hills covered in low vegetation. Four piers used to dock oil tankers were located on this coastline, and were connected to Tarakan Town by three surfaced roads. Tarakan airfield was located about north-west of Tarakan Town. Of the island's two oilfields, Sesanip Oilfield was located at the north-east edge of the airfield while the larger Djoeata or Juata Oilfield was to the north.", "Battle of Tarakan (1945) The Battle of Tarakan was the first stage in the Borneo campaign of 1945. It began with an amphibious landing by Allied forces on 1 May, code-named Operation Oboe One; the Allied ground forces were drawn mainly from the Australian 26th Brigade, but included a small element of Netherlands East Indies personnel. The main objective of the landing was capture of the island's airfield. While the battle ended with success for the Allied forces over the Japanese defenders, this victory is generally regarded as having not justified its costs. The airfield was so heavily damaged that it ultimately could not be repaired in time to make it operational for other phases of the Allied campaign in Borneo. Tarakan is a triangle-shaped island off the coast of Borneo. The island is roughly long from its northernmost point to the southern tip and wide towards the north of the island. The small island of Sadau is located about off Tarakan's west coast. Almost all of Tarakan's coastline is swampy, and in 1945 mangroves on the northern half of the island stretched to inland. The coastal mangroves in the southern portion of the island were narrower. Inland from the swamps, most of central Tarakan comprised a series of steep and densely forested hills just over high. Tarakan is located three degrees north of the equator and has a tropical climate. The maximum temperature for most days is about , and relative humidity is consistently high at about 90 percent. In 1945, Tarakan Town was the main settlement of the island. This town was located inland, and was separated from the south-west coast by several small hills covered in low vegetation. Four piers used to dock oil tankers were located on this coastline at the settlement of Lingkas, and were connected to Tarakan Town by three surfaced roads. Tarakan airfield was located about north-west of Tarakan Town."], "answer": {"text": "The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 99}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the band have any other member?", "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the major gain from these early years", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark,", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the hit single of this album?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#6", "question": "any interesting information of this period?", "rewrite": "Any interesting information about the Smashing Pumpkins after 1990?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "Songs from the album were featured on MTV's \"Jersey Shore\", \u201cThe MTV Film and TV Awards\u201d, \u201cThe MTV Music Awards\u201d and 2012's film, \"The Vow\" starring Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum. On September 9, 2009 Mazzaschi's former Motorhome bandmate Laura Ann Masura was injured in a motorcycle accident. Mazzaschi organized a benefit concert for her on November 8, 2009 in Los Angeles at the Echoplex where Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins performed under the alias The Backwards Clock Society along with Mark Tulin of the Electric Prunes and Kerry Brown of Chicago group Catherine. Light FM, The Pulsars, Butterfly Child, Kissing Cousins, and The Happy Stars (featuring Brian Young of Fountains of Wayne and Joe Skyward of the Posies) also performed. Corgan also donated two autographed instruments for auction including, Jimmy Chamberlin's drum kit from The Smashing Pumpkins debut record Gish, as well as a bass used at the very first Smashing Pumpkins show. Nicole Fiorentino later joined The Smashing Pumpkins in 2010. On October 4, 2011 Light FM released their fourth full-length record titled \"Buzz Kill City\" and toured theaters across the US opening for The Smashing Pumpkins and The Fancy Space People, featuring Don Bolles from the LA punk band the Germs. \u201cClick Click\u201d Light FM featuring Lloyd Hemmings - Shrek Forever After (2010) <br> <br> \u201cProblems of Our Own\u201d - The Vow (2012)", "In March 2010, Pooley left The Smashing Pumpkins to focus on her family, stating: Ginger made a guest appearance during the Smashing Pumpkins' Record Store Day performance on April 17, 2010 in Hollywood, CA. She briefly returned to her duties and played bass during the rendition of \"Bullet with Butterfly Wings\". She also played bass for Glee Live in 2010 and 2011 and is working on a solo EP. During The Smashing Pumpkins' concert on February 16, 2008, at the O2 Arena in London, Billy Corgan announced that Reyes had recently become engaged. She married Kristopher Pooley June 22, 2008, in Los Angeles. Kris is a professional musician who toured as Gwen Stefani's keyboardist and joined the Smashing Pumpkins on their 2008 20th Anniversary tour. On April 6, 2009, it was announced on The Smashing Pumpkins' official website that Ginger and her husband Kris were expecting their first child later that year. It was announced via Twitter that on October 17, 2009, she gave birth to a baby girl, Talula Victoria Pooley."], "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the band have any other member?", "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the major gain from these early years", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark,", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the hit single of this album?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how well did this single perform?", "answer": {"text": "The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#7", "question": "how was Lull EP received?", "rewrite": "How was the Smashing Pumpkin's record Lull EP received?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cudonia confusa Cudonia confusa, commonly known as the cinnamon jellybaby, is a species of fungus in the Cudoniaceae family. The species was first described scientifically in 1898 by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola. The fungus forms slimy or sticky club-shaped fruit bodies up to high with a cinnamon to reddish-brown \"head\" that measures atop a similarly coloured stalk that is by thick. Its cylindrical spores measure 35\u201345 by 2 \u00b5m; arranged in a parallel fashion, they are borne in asci that measure 105\u2013120 by 10\u201312 \u00b5m. The paraphyses are curled at their tips. \"Cudonia circinans\" is similar in appearance, but its stalk is not the same color as its head. \"Cudonia confusa\" is found in Asia (China and Korea) and Europe, where it usually grows in tufts in coniferous forests.", "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\", on Sub Pop, after which they signed to Caroline Records. The band recorded their 1991 debut studio album Gish with producer Butch Vig at his Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin for $20,000. In order to gain the consistency he desired, Corgan often played all instruments excluding drums, which created tension in the band. The music fused heavy metal guitars, psychedelia, and dream pop, garnering them comparisons to Jane's Addiction. Gish became a minor success, with the single \"Rhinoceros\" receiving some airplay on modern rock radio. After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records, which was affiliated with Caroline. The band supported the album with a tour that included opening for bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, and Guns N' Roses. During the tour, Iha and Wretzky went through a messy breakup, Chamberlin became addicted to narcotics and alcohol, and Corgan entered a deep depression, writing some songs for the upcoming album in the parking garage where he lived at the time. With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for major commercial success. At this time, the Smashing Pumpkins were routinely lumped in with the grunge movement, with Corgan protesting, \"We've graduated now from 'the next Jane's Addiction' to 'the next Nirvana', now we're 'the next Pearl Jam'.\"", "Banksieaeformis Banksieaeformis is a genus that encompasses plant species only known from fossil leaves that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to an extant (living) genus. Unlike those classified in the related genus \"Banksieaephyllum\", the leaves do not have their cuticular architecture preserved. The genus was defined by botanists Bob Hill and David Christophel in 1988 to distinguish banksia-like leaves that had been organically preserved from those that had not. The two authors designated \"Banksieaeformis decurrens\" as the type species. Recovered from middle Eocene deposits at Maslin Bay in South Australia, it is known from a single leaf, 7 cm long and 1 cm wide. The leaf has entire margins in its basal half and pinnate lobes pointed apically in its apical half, which resembles the leaves of the fossil species \"Banksieaephyllum cuneatum\" and \"B. incisum\", as well as the living species \"Banksia grandis\", \"B. baxteri\" and \"B. drummondii\". However, the overall shape of the leaf does not resemble any living species. \"Banksieaeformis dentatus\" was described by Hill and Christophel from Late Eocene-Oligocene deposits from Cethana in northern Tasmania. These leaves are around 6 cm long and 1 cm wide, and have serrated margins, and resemble the living species \"Banksia serrata\" and \"B. burdettii\". The venation is similar to the fossil species \"Banksieaephyllum attenuatum\" and \"B. fastigiatum\", though these are a different shape.", "Banksieaephyllum  Banksieaephyllum is a plant genus that encompasses organically preserved fossil leaves that can be attributed to the Proteaceae tribe Banksieae, but cannot be attributed to a genus. Before 1950, many fossil leaves were attributed to the genera \"Banksia\" and \"Dryandra\". In most cases, leaves with triangular lobes were associated with \"Dryandra\", and leaves with serration were associated with \"Banksia\". In 1950, Isabel Cookson and Suzanne Duigan showed this policy to be flawed, by demonstrating that the leaves of the two genera cannot be reliably distinguished. Since these two genera then comprised tribe Banksieae, Cookson and Duigan erected \"Banksieaephyllum\" to contain such leaves. Since then, \"Banksia\" and \"Dryandra\" have been further grouped into subtribe Banksiinae, and another subtribe, Musgraveinae, erected to contain two new genera. Interpretations of \"Banksieaephyllum\" are now no longer consistent. Some botanists continue to hold that \"Banksieaephyllum\" is for fossil leaves that can be attributed to Banksieae but not to a genus; that is, they include fossils that cannot be excluded from the Musgravinae. Others hold that Cookson and Duigan's intentions were for the genus to hold fossil leaves that are known to be \"Dryandra\" or \"Banksia\", but cannot be attributed to either with certainty; thus they now define the genus in terms of Banksiinae rather than Banksieae. \"Dryandra\" has now been transferred into \"Banksia\". Although as yet undetermined, the latter interpretation would result in \"Banksieaephyllum\" becoming a nomenclatural synonym of \"Banksia\".", "USA Today gave the album 3.5 out of four stars, praising the production and song writing. The A.V. Club gave the album a B and called it \"a solid start to a new Smashing Pumpkins era\". Pitchfork Media rated the album 6.3 out of 10, purporting that on \"Oceania\" , Corgan plays with a \"hired-via-contest crew of strangers\" and that it is \"difficult not to notice he's repeating himself,\" comparing several new songs to earlier Smashing Pumpkins hits. Daily Nebraskan gave the album A\u2212 and called it \"one of this years best rock records\". Consequence of Sound gave the album four out of five stars and called it \"best Corgan work in a long time\". CraveOnline gave Oceania an 8 out of 10 review, stating that \"If \"Oceania\" is a testament of what's to come, I may need to pull my old Smashing Pumpkin t-shirt out of the closet. \" SPIN gave a rating of 7 out of 10, declaring that it is \"easily Corgan's best work since his rat-in-a-cage heyday. \" The Seattle Post-Intelligencer scored the album with 4.5 out of five stars, stating it \"is full of winners. \" The album was listed at #48 on Rolling Stone's list of the top 50 albums of 2012, saying \"The most recent dispatch from whatever far-off planet Billy Corgan currently resides on is the finest slab of cosmic prog he's thrown down since the Pumpkins' early-Nineties heyday.\" Credits adapted from \"Oceania\" album liner notes and Allmusic. The Smashing Pumpkins Production"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the band have any other member?", "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the major gain from these early years", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark,", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the hit single of this album?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how well did this single perform?", "answer": {"text": "The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "any interesting information of this period?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#8", "question": "anything else?", "rewrite": "Did something besides Lull EP happen with The Smashing Pumpkins between 1988 and 1991?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "SDMX  SDMX, which stands for Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange is an international initiative that aims at standardising and modernising (\u201cindustrialising\u201d) the mechanisms and processes for the exchange of statistical data and metadata among international organisations and their member countries. The SDMX sponsoring institutions are the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the European Central Bank (ECB), Eurostat (the statistical office of the European Union), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), and the World Bank. These organisations are the main players at world and regional levels in the collection of official statistics in a large variety of domains ( agriculture statistics, economic and financial statistics, social statistics, environment statistics etc.). The latest version of the SDMX \u2013 SDMX 2.1 \u2013 was released in May 2011, and was approved by ISO as International Standard (ISO 17369:2013) in 2013. People who are new to SDMX are invited to consult the \u201cLearning about SDMX Basics\u201d page which will provide them with the necessary basic material for understanding SDMX. Users who are already familiar with the SDMX standard will find on the SDMX.org website all material, such as the technical standards and guidelines necessary for properly implementing SDMX in a statistical domain. SDMX message formats have two basic expressions, SDMX-ML (using XML syntax) and SDMX-EDI (using EDIFACT syntax and based on the GESMES/TS statistical message). The standards also include additional specifications (e.g. registry specification, web services). Version 1.0 of the SDMX standard has been recognised as an ISO standard in 2005. The RDF Data Cube vocabulary implements the cube model underlying SDMX as Linked Data.", "Being Beige \"Being Beige\" is the first single from The Smashing Pumpkins' tenth album \"Monuments to an Elegy\". The track was released through SoundCloud on October 20, 2014. The song was first mentioned on the Smashing Pumpkins' website under the working title \"World's On Fire,\" and later under the title \"Being Beige (World's On Fire).\" Speaking of the song with \"Rolling Stone\", band leader Billy Corgan said \"People always ask me to explain songs, and honestly I can't. But if there's honesty in this lyric, it's that there's something amiss in our cosmos. Yet still, we must love.\" As early as November, Billy Corgan alluded to a new Smashing Pumpkins music video, posting several pictures from a shoot on the Smashing Pumpkins' Instagram account. On January 16, the Smashing Pumpkins announced via Twitter that the music video was made for \"Being Beige\" and that it would premiere on January 19. Notably, it was the first video from the band since the music video for 2011's \"Owata\" that did not feature any band members whatsoever. Directed by Brian and Brad Palmer the video magnifies the surreal, dreamlike space of lost love experienced through the moment of an embrace, as twin bodies merge into one. It explores transcendence of oneself - into a new, limitless body of existence. The song has received fairly positive feedback. Rolling Stone said that though the song \"has a simple title... its acoustic guitar and drum machine intro builds toward an urgent, memorable chorus.\" Chicago Reader said \"Corgan seems remarkably placid on this new cut. It sounds like \"Monuments\"... won't be a retread of the Pumpkins' \"rat in a cage\" days.", "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990 on local Chicago label Limited Potential. The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\", on Sub Pop, after which they signed to Caroline Records. The band recorded their 1991 debut studio album Gish with producer Butch Vig at his Smart Studios in Madison, Wisconsin for $20,000. In order to gain the consistency he desired, Corgan often played all instruments excluding drums, which created tension in the band. The music fused heavy metal guitars, psychedelia, and dream pop, garnering them comparisons to Jane's Addiction. Gish became a minor success, with the single \"Rhinoceros\" receiving some airplay on modern rock radio. After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records, which was affiliated with Caroline. The band supported the album with a tour that included opening for bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, and Guns N' Roses. During the tour, Iha and Wretzky went through a messy breakup, Chamberlin became addicted to narcotics and alcohol, and Corgan entered a deep depression, writing some songs for the upcoming album in the parking garage where he lived at the time. With the breakthrough of alternative rock into the American mainstream due to the popularity of grunge bands such as Nirvana and Pearl Jam, the Smashing Pumpkins were poised for major commercial success. At this time, the Smashing Pumpkins were routinely lumped in with the grunge movement, with Corgan protesting, \"We've graduated now from 'the next Jane's Addiction' to 'the next Nirvana', now we're 'the next Pearl Jam'.\"", "The Smashing Pumpkins discography The discography of the Smashing Pumpkins, an American alternative rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, consists of ten studio albums, four live albums, one digital live album series, seven compilation albums (including box sets and promotional releases), five extended plays (including promotional releases), 42 singles (including promotional releases), four video albums, 29 music videos, and contributions to five soundtrack albums. This list does not include material recorded by The Smashing Pumpkins members with other side projects. II \"Machina II\" had a free internet release and thus did not chart and was not eligible for certification. In addition to the live albums \"Earphoria\", \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\", \"Live at Cabaret Metro 10-5-88\", and \"Bonus EP\", The Smashing Pumpkins have collaborated with music distributor Nugs.net to release recordings of the band's 2008 20th Anniversary Tour concerts, mastered directly from the soundboard. The recordings are available as FLAC or MP3 digital downloads, CD, or a CD+MP3 package, ordered through the Live Smashing Pumpkins website. For the live extended plays \"Live in Chicago October 23, 1995\" and \"Bonus EP\", see the live albums section of this article. An internet-only \"interactive music video\" was released for \"The Crying Tree of Mercury\" by MTV in March 2000, directed by Billy Corgan. It is no longer available through MTV's website. I Ozark Mountain Daredevils cover"], "answer": {"text": "Caroline. The band supported the album with a tour that included opening for bands", "answer_start": 839}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the band have any other member?", "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the major gain from these early years", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark,", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the hit single of this album?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how well did this single perform?", "answer": {"text": "The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "any interesting information of this period?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how was Lull EP received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27a494717f8d47cfa84878b93037e00f_1_q#9", "question": "what else did the tour include?", "rewrite": "What other bands did the Smashing Pumpkins tour include besides themselves?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1995, musician Beck Hansen used a sample of The Frogs' song \"I Don't Care If U Disrespect Me (Just So You Love Me)\" on his song \"Where It's At\", included on his 1996 release \"Odelay\". In the summer of 1994, the Frogs played the second stage at Lollapalooza, with Billy Corgan joining them at every stop, shredding away on lead guitar for their encore of \"I Only Play 4 Money\" and \"Lord Grunge.\" Corgan continued to support and promote The Frogs by producing a short film, \"Meet the Frogs,\" which he included on the Smashing Pumpkins' 1994 \"Vieuphoria\" video compilation. The short film brought the group recognition, but it has also confused Smashing Pumpkins fans who don't know if they should take the band seriously or not. From August 1996 to February 1997, Dennis Flemion replaced Smashing Pumpkins' recently deceased keyboard player Jonathan Melvoin for the Pumpkins' Infinite Sadness Tour. During each night's encore, Jimmy Flemion performed \"1979\" (which was influenced by an unreleased Frogs song, \"Pleasure\") with the Smashing Pumpkins, as well as selecting audience members to dance on stage. The Flemion brothers also appeared on The Smashing Pumpkins' \" Tonight, Tonight\" single, and sang backing vocals on 1998's \"Adore.\" In 1995, Pearl Jam included The Frogs' cover of \"Rearviewmirror\" (credited to all members of Pearl Jam, but largely written by lead singer Eddie Vedder) as the b-side to their \"Immortality\" single. The following year, Pearl Jam released a song called \"Smile\" on their \"No Code\" album.", "List of awards and nominations received by the Smashing Pumpkins This is a list of awards and nominations received by The Smashing Pumpkins. The American Music Award is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to present the Grammy Awards expired. The Antville Music Video Awards are online awards for the best music video and music video directors of the year. They were first awarded in 2005. The Brit Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Design and Art Direction (\"D&AD\") is a British educational charity which exists to promote excellence in design and advertising. Delivered since 1991. The GAFFA Awards (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music, awarded by the GAFFA magazine. The Grammy Award is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The Smashing Pumpkins have received eleven nominations and winning two times in the Best Hard Rock Performance category. The Juno Award are presented annually to Canadians musical artists and bands to acknowledge their artistic and technical achievements in all aspects of music. Lunas del Auditorio are sponsored by The National Auditorium in Mexico to honor the best live shows in the country. The MTV Europe Music Awards are an event presented by Viacom International Media Networks Europe which awards prizes to musicians and performers. The MTV Video Music Award is an award presented by the cable channel MTV to honor the best in the music video medium. The Smashing Pumpkins have received fifteen nominations and eight wins. The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos. The NME Awards were created by the \"NME\" magazine and was first held in 1953. The Smashing Pumpkins has received two nominations.", "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, meanwhile, went home empty-handed. Highlights of the show included a pre-show set by little-but-soon-to-be-widely known No Doubt, who performed on the entrance marquee of Radio City Music Hall. There was also a short-lived reunion of the four original members of Van Halen, who had not appeared together at that time for more than a decade, presenting the award for Best Male Video, as well as a live interlink with astronauts on the Mir space station. The show also marked Tupac Shakur's final public appearance before being shot four times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada three days later on September 7, dying of his wounds on September 13. Winners are in bold text. The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\"  Beck \u2013 \" Where It's At\"  Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Foo Fighters \u2013 \"Big Me\" Alanis Morissette \u2013 \"Ironic\"  Metallica \u2013 \"Until It Sleeps\"  The Fugees \u2013 \" Killing Me Softly \"  Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\"  Coolio \u2013 \"1, 2, 3, 4 (Sumpin' New)\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"1979\" Coolio (featuring L.V.) \u2013 \"Gangsta's Paradise\" (from \"Dangerous Minds\") The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \" Tonight, Tonight\" The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Directors: Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris)  Bj\u00f6rk \u2013 \"It's Oh So Quiet\" (Choreographer: Michael Rooney) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Special Effects: Chris Staves) The Smashing Pumpkins \u2013 \"Tonight, Tonight\" (Art Directors: K. K. Barrett and Wayne White)", "Matt Walker (drummer) Matt Walker is an American session musician, known for drumming with Filter, The Smashing Pumpkins and Morrissey, as well as being the regular fill-in to Butch Vig from Garbage on three of their tours (2002, 2017, 2019) Walker began his career in Chicago in the mid-1980s, when he began playing drums for the Chicago bands Scott Bennett & The Obvious, The Clinic, Brad Peterson and Peat Moss and Tribal Opera until joining the band Filter in 1994. Matt toured with Filter in support of the album, \"Short Bus\" until 1996. Filter toured with The Smashing Pumpkins in Europe and when Pumpkins drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was fired after a heroin overdose, Walker was hired to replace Chamberlin. He finished the \"Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness\" tour with the band (1996\u20131997) and all of their dates up until the beginning of the \"Adore\" tour. Walker also recorded the song \" The End Is the Beginning Is the End\" with the band on the official \"Batman & Robin\" movie soundtrack, as well as several tracks on The Smashing Pumpkins \"Adore\". He also worked with Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan on the soundtrack for the movie \"Ransom\" and with Pumpkins guitarist James Iha on Iha's solo album \"Let It Come Down\". In 1998, Walker's own band, Cupcakes, was signed to DreamWorks Records and subsequently left the Pumpkins to record the Cupcakes album. Walker was replaced by John Mellencamp's drummer, Kenny Aronoff, for the Pumpkins \"Adore\" tour. Walker did, however, play with the Pumpkins again at their last show before their first break up, on December 2, 2000.", "\"P.S. I Love You\". He is a supporter of many music-related productions, including the music documentary \" Hit So Hard\" about Patty Schemel of the band Hole, and David J of Bauhaus/Love and Rockets 2011 album, 'Not Long For This World'. The Smashing Pumpkins' 2007 album \"Zeitgeist\" was recorded in his home studio. At least 300 Smashing Pumpkins songs have been recorded in Brown's home studio during the 2000s in demo format, including original versions of many songs that later appeared on the eighth Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". In 2009, he joined Smashing Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan, Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, and several others in the band Spirits in the Sky. In September 2009, he went with Corgan to Chicago to begin work producing the Smashing Pumpkins album, \"Teargarden by Kaleidyscope\". Brown has produced records for Los Angeles' legendary underground artists and bands, including Sky Saxon, Twilight Singers, Greg Dulli, Fancy Space People, The Woolly Bandits, Evil Beaver, Damien Youth and Ysanne Spevack. He continues to compose and record tracks for release of his own music, in which he sings and plays all the instruments. \"All credited as producer, recorder or mixer .\" \"Upcoming projects \"    In January 2010, Brown announced that he is starting a record label with Corgan. This record label was to be called Startone Records and the roster includes The Electric Prunes, The Strawberry Alarm Clock, YaHoWha 13, Starchildren and Fancy Space People. However, the status of their collaboration for the label is unclear as it was announced that Brown and Corgan will no longer be working together as of December 2011."], "answer": {"text": "included opening for bands such as the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Jane's Addiction, and Guns N' Roses.", "answer_start": 895}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was in The Smashing Pumpkins in the early years?", "answer": {"text": "he took a job in a record store and formed the idea of a new band to be called the Smashing Pumpkins. While working there, he met guitarist James Iha.", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who else worked in the band?", "answer": {"text": "singer and guitarist Billy Corgan", "answer_start": 54, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did the band have any other member?", "answer": {"text": "Jazz drummer Jimmy Chamberlin was recommended by a friend of Corgan's.", "answer_start": 1092, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the major gain from these early years", "answer": {"text": "In 1989 the Smashing Pumpkins made their first appearance on record with the compilation album Light Into Dark,", "answer_start": 1614, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was the hit single of this album?", "answer": {"text": "The group released its first single, \"I Am One\", in 1990", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how well did this single perform?", "answer": {"text": "The single sold out and they released a follow-up, \"Tristessa\",", "answer_start": 99, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "any interesting information of this period?", "answer": {"text": "After releasing the Lull EP in October 1991 on Caroline Records, the band formally signed with Virgin Records,", "answer_start": 702, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "how was Lull EP received?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else?", "answer": {"text": "Caroline. The band supported the album with a tour that included opening for bands", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_42194083b0464afcb905b2a7ba021d34_1_q#0", "question": "Besides Andr\u00e9 Previn, Orchestral music / concertos / ballets are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Andr\u00e9 Previn, Orchestral music / concertos / ballets are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Leprechauns Are Upon Me The Leprechauns Are Upon Me was the first album recorded by Dory Langdon, in 1958. Some years later she had a successful career as the singer-songwriter Dory Previn. In 1957, Dory Langdon (n\u00e9e Dorothy Langan) was a lyricist and songwriter who had recently started work for MGM in Hollywood. There, she was paired with various writing collaborators, including Andr\u00e9 Previn. Although at that point she had had relatively little success in placing her songs in movies, Verve Records signed her up for an album as a singer, accompanied by Previn on piano and Kenny Burrell on guitar. The album, which was recorded in early 1958, featured songs she had written with Previn and other composers. They were witty and romantic in style, typical of the period. The following year Dory Langdon and Andr\u00e9 Previn married; they divorced in 1970. Dory Previn, as she was then known, went on to establish herself in a radically different and acclaimed style, as a confessional singer-songwriter with unorthodox subject matter including her dysfunctional childhood and her divorce. \" The Leprechauns Are Upon Me\" was reissued as \"Dory and Andr\u00e9 Previn\" in the early 1980s, in the wake of her success.", "The Three-Cornered Hat (Andr\u00e9 Previn recording) The Three-Cornered Hat is a 42-minute classical studio album in which the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra under Andr\u00e9 Previn perform the whole of Manuel de Falla's ballet \"The Three-Cornered Hat\" and, as a filler, the \"Ritual Fire Dance\" from his ballet \"Love the Magician\". The longer work's two brief vocal passages are sung by the American mezzo-soprano Frederica von Stade. The album was released in 1983. The booklet accompanying the CD release of the album does not name its producer or engineer or reveal where it was taped, but does state that it was recorded digitally. Apart from minor differences in lettering, the covers of the LP, cassette and CD versions of the album are all the same, and were designed and illustrated by Chris Verschoor. Edward Greenfield reviewed the album on LP in \"Gramophone\" in April 1983, comparing it with previous recordings of \"The Three-Cornered Hat\" conducted by Ernest Ansermet, Rafael Fr\u00fchbeck de Burgos and Eduardo Mata. Ansermet and Fr\u00fchbeck de Burgos , he thought, had conveyed the music's \"earthier qualities\" better than Previn, and Fr\u00fchbeck de Burgos was \"more idiomatically Spanish\". The chief virtue of Previn's album was that it was more successful than its predecessors in bringing out \"a chamber-like quality in the detail and precision of the orchestral writing\". The lucidity of Previn's performance reminded Greenfield of \"Stravinsky and Ravel ballets on the one hand [and] neo-classic models on the other\". \"The ear is ravished by the texture\", he wrote. The other salient feature of Previn's reading was his \"characteristic emphasis on rhythmic qualities\".", "Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke is a piano solo, jazz album by Andr\u00e9 Previn. It was recorded in August 1958. It was meant to be a homage to jazz composer Vernon Duke. It was released in 1958 by Contemporary Records as C 3558. It was Previn's second album dedicated in its entirety to a famous composer. After its release, other two tribute albums followed: \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Jerome Kern\" (1959) and \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Harold Arlen\" (1960). \"All pieces composed by Vernon Duke.\"", "Soon-Yi Previn Soon-Yi Previn (; born 8 October 1970) is the adopted daughter of actress Mia Farrow and musician Andr\u00e9 Previn, and the wife of filmmaker Woody Allen. Previn is notable for her relationship with Allen, who was Mia Farrow's romantic partner before becoming involved with Previn. Previn's relationship with Allen became national news in 1992. Soon-Yi Previn was born in South Korea. Previn's true age and date of birth are unknown, but are estimated based on a bone scan; her passport indicates a date of birth of 8 October 1970. Previn states that as a young child, she wandered the streets of Seoul starving and living out of trash cans. She was eventually placed in an orphanage. Prior to her adoption, U.S. federal law only allowed two visas per family for international adoption. Mia Farrow requested that her friends Rose and William Styron contact Massachusetts Congressman Michael Harrington to ask that he sponsor a bill to change this law. In 1977, the law was changed. In 1978, following the change, Previn was adopted by Farrow and her then-husband, Andr\u00e9 Previn, and relocated to the United States; at the time, she spoke no known language and reportedly battled learning disabilities. Rose Styron is her godmother. In 1979, Mia Farrow ended her marriage to Andr\u00e9 Previn and began a long-term relationship with Woody Allen. Allen later adopted two of Farrow's adopted children: Dylan Farrow (also known as Eliza) and Moses Farrow. Farrow also gave birth to Ronan Farrow in 1987. Previn attended Marymount School of New York and Rider University. She graduated from Drew University and earned a Master's Degree in Special Education from Columbia University.", "\"The Subterraneans\" was one of the final MGM films produced by Arthur Freed, and features a score by Andr\u00e9 Previn and brief appearances by jazz singer Carmen McRae singing \"Coffee Time,\" and saxophonists Gerry Mulligan, as a street priest, and Art Pepper. Comedian Arte Johnson plays the Gore Vidal character, here named Arial Lavalerra. According to MGM records the film earned only $340,000 in the US and Canada and $425,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $1,311,000. The film score was composed, arranged and conducted by Andr\u00e9 Previn, with the motion picture also featuring Previn's jazz trio, and the soundtrack album was released on the MGM label in 1960. Allmusic's Jason Ankeny noted, \"Andr\u00e9 Previn had the good sense to recruit cool jazz giants including Gerry Mulligan, Russ Freeman, and Dave Bailey to perform his \"Subterraneans\" score: jazz not only fueled Kerouac's work, but his prose sought to evoke the rhythms and energy of bebop. Indeed, this music comes far closer to accurately capturing Kerouac's writing than any of the film's dialogue. Previn also deserves credit for articulating the sadness of the original novel, deftly combining horns and strings to create a score that is dark and emotive\". \"All compositions by Andr\u00e9 Previn except as indicated\""], "answer": {"text": "Previn's recording repertoire as a conductor is focused on the standards of classical and romantic music,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_42194083b0464afcb905b2a7ba021d34_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he play music as a conductor?", "rewrite": "Where did Andr\u00e9 Previn play music as a conductor?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A Streetcar Named Desire (opera) A Streetcar Named Desire is an opera composed by Andr\u00e9 Previn with a libretto by Philip Littell in 1995. It is based on the play by Tennessee Williams. The opera received its premiere at the San Francisco Opera, September 19 \u2013 October 11, 1998. It was conducted by Andr\u00e9 Previn, and was directed by Colin Graham, with sets by Michael Yeargan. It quickly developed into one of the most widely played contemporary operas. The original production was released on CD and DVD. In a review of the premiere in \"The New York Times\", Bernard Holland observed: \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" is so operatic as a play that one wonders why more than 50 years have passed since its Broadway opening with no opera of note being made of it. \u2026 .The new setting of Tennessee Williams's play, with music by Andr\u00e9 Previn and a libretto by Philip Littell, answered a few questions and asked others... First of all, it sings very well. Mr. Previn has a fine ear for voices. He knows how to flatter and coax it and send it gracefully from one musical episode to the next ... one had the impression that Mr. Previn had been writing for the musical theater all his life. Regarding the music, Holland noted: There are angry clashes of harmony and key, many Straussian gestures, sweet-as-honey popular melody and the kinds of corporate noodling and mumbling among the strings native to a Ligeti or a Penderecki. Mr. Previn is not ashamed to incorporate Hollywood code words, especially the wailing thrusts of saxophone, trumpet and clarinet to introduce dissolution and lurid sex.", "Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke is a piano solo, jazz album by Andr\u00e9 Previn. It was recorded in August 1958. It was meant to be a homage to jazz composer Vernon Duke. It was released in 1958 by Contemporary Records as C 3558. It was Previn's second album dedicated in its entirety to a famous composer. After its release, other two tribute albums followed: \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Jerome Kern\" (1959) and \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Harold Arlen\" (1960). \"All pieces composed by Vernon Duke.\"", "Andr\u00e9 Previn discography Andr\u00e9 George Previn, (; born Andreas Ludwig Priwin ; April 6, 1929 \u2013 February 28, 2019) was a German-American pianist, conductor, and composer. Previn won four Academy Awards for his film work and ten Grammy Awards for his recordings (and one more for his Lifetime Achievement). Previn's discography contains hundreds of recordings in film, jazz, classical music and contemporary classical music. Because of the huge number of recordings, the following lists are necessarily highly selective. A full discography (including LP/CD record codes) is available in Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric D\u00f6hl: \"Andr\u00e9 Previn. Musikalische Vielseitigkeit und \u00e4sthetische Erfahrung\", Stuttgart 2012, pp. 295\u2013319. Most of the films which incorporate Previn's music are still available as videos/DVDs and/or as soundtrack records. Some of his soundtracks have been reissued in recent years, including those from \"Elmer Gantry\", \"Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse\" , \"Inside Daisy Clover\", and \"Dead Ringer\". Previn made dozens of jazz recordings as both a leader and sideman, primarily during two periods of his career: from 1945 to 1967, and then again from 1989 to 2001, with just a handful of recordings in between and afterward (while he focused his career on conducting/recording classical music, and later on composing contemporary art music). Previn also did several crossover recordings with classical singers like Eileen Farrell, Leontyne Price or Kiri Te Kanawa, too, as well as several \"Easy-Listening\" records with piano and orchestra in the 1960s (beginning with \"Like Young. Secret Songs for Young Lovers\", 1959. with David Rose and His Orchestra).", "Soon-Yi Previn Soon-Yi Previn (; born 8 October 1970) is the adopted daughter of actress Mia Farrow and musician Andr\u00e9 Previn, and the wife of filmmaker Woody Allen. Previn is notable for her relationship with Allen, who was Mia Farrow's romantic partner before becoming involved with Previn. Previn's relationship with Allen became national news in 1992. Soon-Yi Previn was born in South Korea. Previn's true age and date of birth are unknown, but are estimated based on a bone scan; her passport indicates a date of birth of 8 October 1970. Previn states that as a young child, she wandered the streets of Seoul starving and living out of trash cans. She was eventually placed in an orphanage. Prior to her adoption, U.S. federal law only allowed two visas per family for international adoption. Mia Farrow requested that her friends Rose and William Styron contact Massachusetts Congressman Michael Harrington to ask that he sponsor a bill to change this law. In 1977, the law was changed. In 1978, following the change, Previn was adopted by Farrow and her then-husband, Andr\u00e9 Previn, and relocated to the United States; at the time, she spoke no known language and reportedly battled learning disabilities. Rose Styron is her godmother. In 1979, Mia Farrow ended her marriage to Andr\u00e9 Previn and began a long-term relationship with Woody Allen. Allen later adopted two of Farrow's adopted children: Dylan Farrow (also known as Eliza) and Moses Farrow. Farrow also gave birth to Ronan Farrow in 1987. Previn attended Marymount School of New York and Rider University. She graduated from Drew University and earned a Master's Degree in Special Education from Columbia University.", "\"The Subterraneans\" was one of the final MGM films produced by Arthur Freed, and features a score by Andr\u00e9 Previn and brief appearances by jazz singer Carmen McRae singing \"Coffee Time,\" and saxophonists Gerry Mulligan, as a street priest, and Art Pepper. Comedian Arte Johnson plays the Gore Vidal character, here named Arial Lavalerra. According to MGM records the film earned only $340,000 in the US and Canada and $425,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $1,311,000. The film score was composed, arranged and conducted by Andr\u00e9 Previn, with the motion picture also featuring Previn's jazz trio, and the soundtrack album was released on the MGM label in 1960. Allmusic's Jason Ankeny noted, \"Andr\u00e9 Previn had the good sense to recruit cool jazz giants including Gerry Mulligan, Russ Freeman, and Dave Bailey to perform his \"Subterraneans\" score: jazz not only fueled Kerouac's work, but his prose sought to evoke the rhythms and energy of bebop. Indeed, this music comes far closer to accurately capturing Kerouac's writing than any of the film's dialogue. Previn also deserves credit for articulating the sadness of the original novel, deftly combining horns and strings to create a score that is dark and emotive\". \"All compositions by Andr\u00e9 Previn except as indicated\""], "answer": {"text": "Previn recorded mostly for EMI, Telarc and Deutsche Grammophon.", "answer_start": 243}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Andr\u00e9 Previn, Orchestral music / concertos / ballets are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Previn's recording repertoire as a conductor is focused on the standards of classical and romantic music,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_42194083b0464afcb905b2a7ba021d34_1_q#2", "question": "What channels on televison?", "rewrite": "What channels on televison did Andr\u00e9 Previn appear?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Soon-Yi Previn Soon-Yi Previn (; born 8 October 1970) is the adopted daughter of actress Mia Farrow and musician Andr\u00e9 Previn, and the wife of filmmaker Woody Allen. Previn is notable for her relationship with Allen, who was Mia Farrow's romantic partner before becoming involved with Previn. Previn's relationship with Allen became national news in 1992. Soon-Yi Previn was born in South Korea. Previn's true age and date of birth are unknown, but are estimated based on a bone scan; her passport indicates a date of birth of 8 October 1970. Previn states that as a young child, she wandered the streets of Seoul starving and living out of trash cans. She was eventually placed in an orphanage. Prior to her adoption, U.S. federal law only allowed two visas per family for international adoption. Mia Farrow requested that her friends Rose and William Styron contact Massachusetts Congressman Michael Harrington to ask that he sponsor a bill to change this law. In 1977, the law was changed. In 1978, following the change, Previn was adopted by Farrow and her then-husband, Andr\u00e9 Previn, and relocated to the United States; at the time, she spoke no known language and reportedly battled learning disabilities. Rose Styron is her godmother. In 1979, Mia Farrow ended her marriage to Andr\u00e9 Previn and began a long-term relationship with Woody Allen. Allen later adopted two of Farrow's adopted children: Dylan Farrow (also known as Eliza) and Moses Farrow. Farrow also gave birth to Ronan Farrow in 1987. Previn attended Marymount School of New York and Rider University. She graduated from Drew University and earned a Master's Degree in Special Education from Columbia University.", "A Streetcar Named Desire (opera) A Streetcar Named Desire is an opera composed by Andr\u00e9 Previn with a libretto by Philip Littell in 1995. It is based on the play by Tennessee Williams. The opera received its premiere at the San Francisco Opera, September 19 \u2013 October 11, 1998. It was conducted by Andr\u00e9 Previn, and was directed by Colin Graham, with sets by Michael Yeargan. It quickly developed into one of the most widely played contemporary operas. The original production was released on CD and DVD. In a review of the premiere in \"The New York Times\", Bernard Holland observed: \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" is so operatic as a play that one wonders why more than 50 years have passed since its Broadway opening with no opera of note being made of it. \u2026 .The new setting of Tennessee Williams's play, with music by Andr\u00e9 Previn and a libretto by Philip Littell, answered a few questions and asked others... First of all, it sings very well. Mr. Previn has a fine ear for voices. He knows how to flatter and coax it and send it gracefully from one musical episode to the next ... one had the impression that Mr. Previn had been writing for the musical theater all his life. Regarding the music, Holland noted: There are angry clashes of harmony and key, many Straussian gestures, sweet-as-honey popular melody and the kinds of corporate noodling and mumbling among the strings native to a Ligeti or a Penderecki. Mr. Previn is not ashamed to incorporate Hollywood code words, especially the wailing thrusts of saxophone, trumpet and clarinet to introduce dissolution and lurid sex.", "\"The Subterraneans\" was one of the final MGM films produced by Arthur Freed, and features a score by Andr\u00e9 Previn and brief appearances by jazz singer Carmen McRae singing \"Coffee Time,\" and saxophonists Gerry Mulligan, as a street priest, and Art Pepper. Comedian Arte Johnson plays the Gore Vidal character, here named Arial Lavalerra. According to MGM records the film earned only $340,000 in the US and Canada and $425,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $1,311,000. The film score was composed, arranged and conducted by Andr\u00e9 Previn, with the motion picture also featuring Previn's jazz trio, and the soundtrack album was released on the MGM label in 1960. Allmusic's Jason Ankeny noted, \"Andr\u00e9 Previn had the good sense to recruit cool jazz giants including Gerry Mulligan, Russ Freeman, and Dave Bailey to perform his \"Subterraneans\" score: jazz not only fueled Kerouac's work, but his prose sought to evoke the rhythms and energy of bebop. Indeed, this music comes far closer to accurately capturing Kerouac's writing than any of the film's dialogue. Previn also deserves credit for articulating the sadness of the original novel, deftly combining horns and strings to create a score that is dark and emotive\". \"All compositions by Andr\u00e9 Previn except as indicated\"", "The Leprechauns Are Upon Me The Leprechauns Are Upon Me was the first album recorded by Dory Langdon, in 1958. Some years later she had a successful career as the singer-songwriter Dory Previn. In 1957, Dory Langdon (n\u00e9e Dorothy Langan) was a lyricist and songwriter who had recently started work for MGM in Hollywood. There, she was paired with various writing collaborators, including Andr\u00e9 Previn. Although at that point she had had relatively little success in placing her songs in movies, Verve Records signed her up for an album as a singer, accompanied by Previn on piano and Kenny Burrell on guitar. The album, which was recorded in early 1958, featured songs she had written with Previn and other composers. They were witty and romantic in style, typical of the period. The following year Dory Langdon and Andr\u00e9 Previn married; they divorced in 1970. Dory Previn, as she was then known, went on to establish herself in a radically different and acclaimed style, as a confessional singer-songwriter with unorthodox subject matter including her dysfunctional childhood and her divorce. \" The Leprechauns Are Upon Me\" was reissued as \"Dory and Andr\u00e9 Previn\" in the early 1980s, in the wake of her success.", "Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke is a piano solo, jazz album by Andr\u00e9 Previn. It was recorded in August 1958. It was meant to be a homage to jazz composer Vernon Duke. It was released in 1958 by Contemporary Records as C 3558. It was Previn's second album dedicated in its entirety to a famous composer. After its release, other two tribute albums followed: \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Jerome Kern\" (1959) and \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Harold Arlen\" (1960). \"All pieces composed by Vernon Duke.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Andr\u00e9 Previn, Orchestral music / concertos / ballets are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Previn's recording repertoire as a conductor is focused on the standards of classical and romantic music,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he play music as a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Previn recorded mostly for EMI, Telarc and Deutsche Grammophon.", "answer_start": 243, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_42194083b0464afcb905b2a7ba021d34_1_q#3", "question": "What type of ballets?", "rewrite": "What type of ballets did Andr\u00e9 Previn do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Leprechauns Are Upon Me The Leprechauns Are Upon Me was the first album recorded by Dory Langdon, in 1958. Some years later she had a successful career as the singer-songwriter Dory Previn. In 1957, Dory Langdon (n\u00e9e Dorothy Langan) was a lyricist and songwriter who had recently started work for MGM in Hollywood. There, she was paired with various writing collaborators, including Andr\u00e9 Previn. Although at that point she had had relatively little success in placing her songs in movies, Verve Records signed her up for an album as a singer, accompanied by Previn on piano and Kenny Burrell on guitar. The album, which was recorded in early 1958, featured songs she had written with Previn and other composers. They were witty and romantic in style, typical of the period. The following year Dory Langdon and Andr\u00e9 Previn married; they divorced in 1970. Dory Previn, as she was then known, went on to establish herself in a radically different and acclaimed style, as a confessional singer-songwriter with unorthodox subject matter including her dysfunctional childhood and her divorce. \" The Leprechauns Are Upon Me\" was reissued as \"Dory and Andr\u00e9 Previn\" in the early 1980s, in the wake of her success.", "Soon-Yi Previn Soon-Yi Previn (; born 8 October 1970) is the adopted daughter of actress Mia Farrow and musician Andr\u00e9 Previn, and the wife of filmmaker Woody Allen. Previn is notable for her relationship with Allen, who was Mia Farrow's romantic partner before becoming involved with Previn. Previn's relationship with Allen became national news in 1992. Soon-Yi Previn was born in South Korea. Previn's true age and date of birth are unknown, but are estimated based on a bone scan; her passport indicates a date of birth of 8 October 1970. Previn states that as a young child, she wandered the streets of Seoul starving and living out of trash cans. She was eventually placed in an orphanage. Prior to her adoption, U.S. federal law only allowed two visas per family for international adoption. Mia Farrow requested that her friends Rose and William Styron contact Massachusetts Congressman Michael Harrington to ask that he sponsor a bill to change this law. In 1977, the law was changed. In 1978, following the change, Previn was adopted by Farrow and her then-husband, Andr\u00e9 Previn, and relocated to the United States; at the time, she spoke no known language and reportedly battled learning disabilities. Rose Styron is her godmother. In 1979, Mia Farrow ended her marriage to Andr\u00e9 Previn and began a long-term relationship with Woody Allen. Allen later adopted two of Farrow's adopted children: Dylan Farrow (also known as Eliza) and Moses Farrow. Farrow also gave birth to Ronan Farrow in 1987. Previn attended Marymount School of New York and Rider University. She graduated from Drew University and earned a Master's Degree in Special Education from Columbia University.", "The Three-Cornered Hat (Andr\u00e9 Previn recording) The Three-Cornered Hat is a 42-minute classical studio album in which the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra under Andr\u00e9 Previn perform the whole of Manuel de Falla's ballet \"The Three-Cornered Hat\" and, as a filler, the \"Ritual Fire Dance\" from his ballet \"Love the Magician\". The longer work's two brief vocal passages are sung by the American mezzo-soprano Frederica von Stade. The album was released in 1983. The booklet accompanying the CD release of the album does not name its producer or engineer or reveal where it was taped, but does state that it was recorded digitally. Apart from minor differences in lettering, the covers of the LP, cassette and CD versions of the album are all the same, and were designed and illustrated by Chris Verschoor. Edward Greenfield reviewed the album on LP in \"Gramophone\" in April 1983, comparing it with previous recordings of \"The Three-Cornered Hat\" conducted by Ernest Ansermet, Rafael Fr\u00fchbeck de Burgos and Eduardo Mata. Ansermet and Fr\u00fchbeck de Burgos , he thought, had conveyed the music's \"earthier qualities\" better than Previn, and Fr\u00fchbeck de Burgos was \"more idiomatically Spanish\". The chief virtue of Previn's album was that it was more successful than its predecessors in bringing out \"a chamber-like quality in the detail and precision of the orchestral writing\". The lucidity of Previn's performance reminded Greenfield of \"Stravinsky and Ravel ballets on the one hand [and] neo-classic models on the other\". \"The ear is ravished by the texture\", he wrote. The other salient feature of Previn's reading was his \"characteristic emphasis on rhythmic qualities\".", "Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Vernon Duke is a piano solo, jazz album by Andr\u00e9 Previn. It was recorded in August 1958. It was meant to be a homage to jazz composer Vernon Duke. It was released in 1958 by Contemporary Records as C 3558. It was Previn's second album dedicated in its entirety to a famous composer. After its release, other two tribute albums followed: \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Jerome Kern\" (1959) and \"Andr\u00e9 Previn Plays Songs by Harold Arlen\" (1960). \"All pieces composed by Vernon Duke.\"", "\"The Subterraneans\" was one of the final MGM films produced by Arthur Freed, and features a score by Andr\u00e9 Previn and brief appearances by jazz singer Carmen McRae singing \"Coffee Time,\" and saxophonists Gerry Mulligan, as a street priest, and Art Pepper. Comedian Arte Johnson plays the Gore Vidal character, here named Arial Lavalerra. According to MGM records the film earned only $340,000 in the US and Canada and $425,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $1,311,000. The film score was composed, arranged and conducted by Andr\u00e9 Previn, with the motion picture also featuring Previn's jazz trio, and the soundtrack album was released on the MGM label in 1960. Allmusic's Jason Ankeny noted, \"Andr\u00e9 Previn had the good sense to recruit cool jazz giants including Gerry Mulligan, Russ Freeman, and Dave Bailey to perform his \"Subterraneans\" score: jazz not only fueled Kerouac's work, but his prose sought to evoke the rhythms and energy of bebop. Indeed, this music comes far closer to accurately capturing Kerouac's writing than any of the film's dialogue. Previn also deserves credit for articulating the sadness of the original novel, deftly combining horns and strings to create a score that is dark and emotive\". \"All compositions by Andr\u00e9 Previn except as indicated\""], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Besides Andr\u00e9 Previn, Orchestral music / concertos / ballets are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Previn's recording repertoire as a conductor is focused on the standards of classical and romantic music,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he play music as a conductor?", "answer": {"text": "Previn recorded mostly for EMI, Telarc and Deutsche Grammophon.", "answer_start": 243, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What channels on televison?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#0", "question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "rewrite": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team The 1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented the Marshall University in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the program's first year in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by second-year head coach Bob Pruett. In the 1997 season, Marshall University's first in Division I-A (now known as FBS), Randy Moss and future NFL quarterback Chad Pennington were the centerpiece of an explosive offense that led the Thundering Herd to the Mid-American Conference title. Moss caught 25 touchdown passes that season, at the time a Division I-A record, and was a unanimous first-team All-American. For the season, Moss had 96 receptions for 1820 yards, and 26 touchdowns. Moss won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's leading wide receiver, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy (finishing fourth in the balloting, behind Ryan Leaf, Peyton Manning, and Charles Woodson, who won the award). Moss left Marshall with 168 receptions for 3,467 yards and a school record 53 touchdowns in 2 seasons. The Herd became only the second team to win a conference championship in its first FBS season, after Nevada in 1992 (Big West Conference). The feat would not be repeated again until 2014, when Georgia Southern won the Sun Belt Conference title. The Thundering Herd finished the regular season with a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. After trailing 28\u20133, the Thundering Herd scored 28 straight to take a 31\u201328 lead into the 4th quarter. West Virginia responded with two 4th quarter touchdowns to win this much anticipated season opener, 42\u201331. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 186 yards and 2 touchdowns.", "Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game.", "The Giants opened the scoring with Ron Dayne running in for a 3 yard touchdown run in the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Giants extended their lead with Kerry Collins throwing a 27 yard touchdown pass to Ike Hilliard. However, the Cardinals struck back with Jake Plummer throwing a 38 yard touchdown pass to star receiver David Boston to make it a 14-7 game heading into the locker room. The Giants clinched the game with a fourth-down stop with 4:11 remaining. Tiki Barber ran for 118 yards on 17 carries. \"at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota\"   The Giants' third and final Monday Night game of the season was at Minnesota for a rematch of the 2000 NFC Championship game. However, Randy Moss would ensure that this game would have a different outcome. The Vikings scored on just the fourth play from scrimmage, with Daunte Culpepper hitting Randy Moss for a 28 yard touchdown to make it 7-0. The Giants came back at the end of the quarter with Morten Andersen kicking a 43 yard field goal and Tiki Barber running in for a 1 yard touchdown to make the score 10-7 Giants heading into the second quarter. However in that quarter, Randy Moss caught his second touchdown of the game from Culpepper and the Vikings regained the lead, holding a 14-13 lead heading into the intermission. Andersen kicked a 51 yard field goal to give the Giants a 16-14 lead heading into the final quarter, but a 1 yard touchdown pass from Culpepper to Cris Carter gave the Vikings a 21-16 lead with 9:03 to go. Then with 6:32 to go, Culpepper hit Moss over the middle on a crossing route, who then headed upfield and outran the Giants secondary for a 57 yard touchdown to complete the scoring.", "Mike Wallace drove the truck at the beginning of the season at Daytona, but crashed at the beginning of the race. Timothy Peters drove the 46 in three races, with a top ten. Erin Crocker drove the first two races for this team in 2008, followed by Scott Speed who drove the truck at Atlanta and Martinsville, followed by Landon Cassill at Mansfield and Lowe's with the godaddy.com sponsorship. Aric Almirola and Regan Smith drove in between races when Cassill was fulfilling obligations for his Nationwide Series team. Cassill had the team's best finish of the year and the final top-five as Morgan-Dollar, when he finished 3rd at the Milwaukee Mile. After MDM's buyout by Randy Moss, 2007 Truck Series Rookie of the Year Willie Allen debuted Randy Moss Motorsports at Kentucky driving the No. 81 Rascal Flatts Chevy Silverado, with the truck number being a tribute to Moss' jersey number. Allen finished 15th in the race. Hendrick Motorsports development driver Landon Cassill scored a 14th-place finish at Kentucky and a 7th-place finish at ORP. Sprint Cup driver Jimmie Johnson made his Truck Series debut at Bristol and led 28 laps but crashed on lap 102 and finished 34th. Joe Gibbs Racing development driver Marc Davis and rookie Donny Lia completed the 2008 schedule for RMM. Before the 2009 season, Randy Moss Motorsports with HTM signed Tayler Malsam to drive the No. 81 Toyota Tundra, after he and new teammate Mike Skinner were released from Triad Racing Technologies. In 2010, Malsam signed with the new Kyle Busch Motorsports, while RMM picked up David Starr and part-time sponsorship from Zachry. Starr was in the top 10 in points heading into the EnjoyIllinois.com 225 when RMM shut down the No. 81 team due to a lack of funding.", "Randy Moss Motorsports Randy Moss Motorsports with HTM (formerly known as Morgan-Dollar Motorsports) was a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series team. It was owned by David Dollar and NFL Hall of Fame wide receiver Randy Moss. Former driver Rob Morgan co-owned the team until 2004. The team was originally based in Hennessey, Oklahoma, where it competed in Pro-Stock, Modified, and Asphalt Late Model races until it moved to North Carolina in 2004. The No. 5 truck debuted in 1997 at Sears Point International Raceway. Joe Bean qualified the No. 46 Ford F-150 in 28th place, but finished in ninth. Morgan ran two races for the team in 1998 with Acxiom sponsorship at Heartland Park Topeka and Sears Point, finishing 28th, and 26th, respectively. Morgan returned to drive full-time in 1999, posting a fifth-place finish at Topeka and finishing 19th in points. In 2000, he finished eighth at Kentucky Speedway and moved up to eighteenth in points. After that season, Morgan retired from driving but remained on board as a partner with the team. They also switched to Chevy and hired Dennis Setzer as driver. In his first year, Setzer won three poles as well as a race at Memphis Motorsports Park, earning him a seventh-place points finish. After dropping to ninth in points in 2002, Setzer picked up three wins and finished second in points in 2003. Setzer also received sponsorship from the Chevy Silverado brand, and won four races in 2005. The team finished second in points for three consecutive years between 2003\u20132005. For 2006, Morgan-Dollar Motorsports became the flagship team for Chevrolet. Chevrolet changed the team's factory sponsorship from Silverado to FlexFuel E85 Ethanol. The change was to help initiate General Motors' new Live Green Go Yellow initiative to promote the use of E85 Ethanol and the variety of FlexFuel vehicles the company produces."], "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#1", "question": "where did he move to?", "rewrite": "where did  Randy Moss move to?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game.", "Randy Moss (sports reporter) Randy Moss (born 1959 in Hot Springs, Arkansas) is an American sports announcer and reporter who currently covers thoroughbred racing, football and Olympics for NBC Sports, NBC Sports Network and NFL Network. A native of Hot Springs, Arkansas, Moss attended horse races at Oaklawn Park Race Track during his youth, often sneaking into the track despite being underage. During high school and college he assisted Daily Racing Form columnist Don Grisham on an Oaklawn handicapping column in the Arkansas Gazette. Moss then spent one semester in pharmacy school at the University of Arkansas before Gazette sports editor Orville Henry hired him to work for the paper full time. In 1984, Moss left the Gazette for the Arkansas Democrat after the Democrat offered to double his salary due to his popularity as a handicapper. From 1989 to 1995 he worked for The Dallas Morning News. Moss left journalism in 1995 and returned home to work as the director of operations for Oaklawn. In 1996, Moss returned to sports writing as a reporter for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. He left the Star-Telegram in 1999 after he subbed as an ESPN analyst for that year's Preakness Stakes coverage and subsequently was offered a full-time job by the network. For thirty years, Moss has been part of Andrew Beyer's team that calculates for Daily Racing Form the iconic Beyer Speed Figures, a mathematical index measuring racehorse speed that is widely considered the most popular handicapping tool in thoroughbred racing. He also created the \"Moss Pace Figures\" published online by Daily Racing Form. In June 1999, Moss became ESPN's primary horse racing analyst. In August 2008, he joined the NFL Network, where for three years he was studio host for \"Team Cam\" and \"Around the League\" and now is primarily a remote reporter.", "Mike Wallace drove the truck at the beginning of the season at Daytona, but crashed at the beginning of the race. Timothy Peters drove the 46 in three races, with a top ten. Erin Crocker drove the first two races for this team in 2008, followed by Scott Speed who drove the truck at Atlanta and Martinsville, followed by Landon Cassill at Mansfield and Lowe's with the godaddy.com sponsorship. Aric Almirola and Regan Smith drove in between races when Cassill was fulfilling obligations for his Nationwide Series team. Cassill had the team's best finish of the year and the final top-five as Morgan-Dollar, when he finished 3rd at the Milwaukee Mile. After MDM's buyout by Randy Moss, 2007 Truck Series Rookie of the Year Willie Allen debuted Randy Moss Motorsports at Kentucky driving the No. 81 Rascal Flatts Chevy Silverado, with the truck number being a tribute to Moss' jersey number. Allen finished 15th in the race. Hendrick Motorsports development driver Landon Cassill scored a 14th-place finish at Kentucky and a 7th-place finish at ORP. Sprint Cup driver Jimmie Johnson made his Truck Series debut at Bristol and led 28 laps but crashed on lap 102 and finished 34th. Joe Gibbs Racing development driver Marc Davis and rookie Donny Lia completed the 2008 schedule for RMM. Before the 2009 season, Randy Moss Motorsports with HTM signed Tayler Malsam to drive the No. 81 Toyota Tundra, after he and new teammate Mike Skinner were released from Triad Racing Technologies. In 2010, Malsam signed with the new Kyle Busch Motorsports, while RMM picked up David Starr and part-time sponsorship from Zachry. Starr was in the top 10 in points heading into the EnjoyIllinois.com 225 when RMM shut down the No. 81 team due to a lack of funding.", "The Giants opened the scoring with Ron Dayne running in for a 3 yard touchdown run in the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Giants extended their lead with Kerry Collins throwing a 27 yard touchdown pass to Ike Hilliard. However, the Cardinals struck back with Jake Plummer throwing a 38 yard touchdown pass to star receiver David Boston to make it a 14-7 game heading into the locker room. The Giants clinched the game with a fourth-down stop with 4:11 remaining. Tiki Barber ran for 118 yards on 17 carries. \"at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota\"   The Giants' third and final Monday Night game of the season was at Minnesota for a rematch of the 2000 NFC Championship game. However, Randy Moss would ensure that this game would have a different outcome. The Vikings scored on just the fourth play from scrimmage, with Daunte Culpepper hitting Randy Moss for a 28 yard touchdown to make it 7-0. The Giants came back at the end of the quarter with Morten Andersen kicking a 43 yard field goal and Tiki Barber running in for a 1 yard touchdown to make the score 10-7 Giants heading into the second quarter. However in that quarter, Randy Moss caught his second touchdown of the game from Culpepper and the Vikings regained the lead, holding a 14-13 lead heading into the intermission. Andersen kicked a 51 yard field goal to give the Giants a 16-14 lead heading into the final quarter, but a 1 yard touchdown pass from Culpepper to Cris Carter gave the Vikings a 21-16 lead with 9:03 to go. Then with 6:32 to go, Culpepper hit Moss over the middle on a crossing route, who then headed upfield and outran the Giants secondary for a 57 yard touchdown to complete the scoring.", "1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team The 1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented the Marshall University in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the program's first year in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by second-year head coach Bob Pruett. In the 1997 season, Marshall University's first in Division I-A (now known as FBS), Randy Moss and future NFL quarterback Chad Pennington were the centerpiece of an explosive offense that led the Thundering Herd to the Mid-American Conference title. Moss caught 25 touchdown passes that season, at the time a Division I-A record, and was a unanimous first-team All-American. For the season, Moss had 96 receptions for 1820 yards, and 26 touchdowns. Moss won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's leading wide receiver, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy (finishing fourth in the balloting, behind Ryan Leaf, Peyton Manning, and Charles Woodson, who won the award). Moss left Marshall with 168 receptions for 3,467 yards and a school record 53 touchdowns in 2 seasons. The Herd became only the second team to win a conference championship in its first FBS season, after Nevada in 1992 (Big West Conference). The feat would not be repeated again until 2014, when Georgia Southern won the Sun Belt Conference title. The Thundering Herd finished the regular season with a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. After trailing 28\u20133, the Thundering Herd scored 28 straight to take a 31\u201328 lead into the 4th quarter. West Virginia responded with two 4th quarter touchdowns to win this much anticipated season opener, 42\u201331. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 186 yards and 2 touchdowns."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#2", "question": "what other college did he go to?", "rewrite": "Besides Notre Dame what other college did Randy Moss go to?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2007 Navy vs. Notre Dame football game The 2007 Navy vs. Notre Dame football game ended the longest all-time college football consecutive wins streak by one team over another. On November 3, 2007, the Navy Midshipmen defeated the Notre Dame Fighting Irish 46\u201344 in triple-overtime at Notre Dame's home field, Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. Notre Dame came into this annual game with 43 straight wins against Navy since the last loss against Heisman Trophy winner Roger Staubach in 1963. With the win, Navy improved to 5\u20134 and Notre Dame fell to 1\u20138 on the season. The Navy\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry is the longest running college football series between two teams not in the same conference. The 2007 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team began the season with a 33\u20133 loss to Georgia Tech. It was the most lopsided loss Notre Dame had ever suffered in a season-opening game. Notre Dame then lost to Penn State, Michigan (tying Notre Dame's worst-ever loss at 38\u20130), Michigan State, and Purdue It was the first time in school history for Notre Dame to open the season with five losses. Notre Dame's worst opening before 2007 was 0\u20133. The Fighting Irish snapped their losing streak with a win at UCLA but then lost to Boston College and USC to fall to 1\u20137. With only four regular season games remaining, Notre Dame was assured of a losing season and they were out of contention for a bowl game. The 2007 Navy Midshipmen football team was off to a better start. They had achieved victories against Temple, Duke, Air Force, and Pittsburgh. Losses against Rutgers, Ball State, Wake Forest, and Delaware put them 4\u20134 on the season. With four games remaining in the season, Navy needed to win at least two in order to be invited to a bowl game.", "Notre Dame, Indiana Notre Dame is a census-designated place north of the city of South Bend in St. Joseph County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. It includes the campuses of three colleges: the University of Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College, and Holy Cross College. Notre Dame is split between Clay and Portage Townships. As of the 2010 census, its population was 5,973. Holy Cross Village at Notre Dame is a retirement community offering continuing care in Notre Dame, Indiana. It is owned by the Brothers of Holy Cross and managed by the Franciscan Sisters of Chicago Service Corporation. Notre Dame, Indiana, is also the home of three major headquarters of Holy Cross religious communities. On the campus of Saint Mary's College the Sisters of the Holy Cross have their Congregational Administration. The Holy Cross College campus is the location of the Provincial Offices of two provinces of the Congregation of Holy Cross: the Midwest Province of Brothers and the Indiana Province of Priests and Brothers. In addition to these, Notre Dame also holds provinces of the Superior Faith, which are the Eastern Province of Sisters and the Notre Dame Province of Holy Cross. As unincorporated communities do not have a municipal government, Notre Dame, Indiana's government entities are the United States post office and the colleges' police forces. All colleges and universities in Indiana are entitled to an independent police force by law. The University of Notre Dame also has its own fire department and supplies its own water and power utilities, except University Village and Cripe Street Apartments, Notre Dame's family and married housing get their electricity from AEP. A post office has been in operation in Notre Dame since 1851. The United States Postal Service Notre Dame Post Office is located in the northwest corner of Hammes Mowbray Hall, west of East Gate along Juniper Road on the University of Notre Dame campus.", "Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game.", "Moss's dream was to play for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, but he also considered going to Ohio State, where his half-brother, Eric, had played offensive tackle. Former Notre Dame head coach Lou Holtz said \"Randy Moss was the best high school football player I've ever seen.\" Florida State head coach Bobby Bowden said \"He was as good as Deion Sanders. Deion's my measuring stick for athletic ability, and this kid was just a bigger Deion.\" After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995, Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized. On March 23, 1995, Moss had backed a friend in a hallway fight against a white student who had allegedly used racist comments towards Randy's friend. Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor. On August 1, 1995, Moss pleaded guilty to two counts of misdemeanor battery and was sentenced to 30 days behind bars at the South Central Regional Jail in Charleston, West Virginia. He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months, after he completed his freshman year in college. Moss was expelled from DuPont and completed his education at Cabell Alternative School. Notre Dame subsequently denied his enrollment application, but this did not stop another high-profile college football program from giving him a chance. Notre Dame officials suggested he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "Michigan\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry The Michigan\u2013Notre Dame football rivalry is an American college football rivalry between the Michigan Wolverines and Notre Dame Fighting Irish. Michigan football and Notre Dame football are considered to be among the most elite college programs. Michigan ranks #1 in all-time win percentage and all-time wins, while Notre Dame ranks #4 in all-time win percentage and #6 in all-time wins. The rivalry is heightened by the two schools' competition for all-time win percentage, which each has held during their history, as well as national championships, with each school claiming 11 titles while the NCAA recognizes 13 Notre Dame titles and 9 Michigan titles. Moreover, both schools are renowned for their Heisman Trophy winners (7 for Notre Dame and 3 for Michigan), consensus All-Americans (101 for Notre Dame and 82 for Michigan), College Football Hall of Fame members (52 for Notre Dame and 36 for Michigan), and NFL draft picks (495 for Notre Dame and 362 for Michigan). Michigan is a member of the Big Ten Conference while Notre Dame football is independent. In 2013, Notre Dame joined the Atlantic Coast Conference in all sports except football and hockey, though the football team has played five ACC opponents each season since 2014. Notre Dame and Michigan initially reached a mutual agreement to suspend the series for the 2018 and 2019 football season. Notre Dame then decided to cancel the 2015 through 2017 games, citing the need to play ACC games. It was announced that after a three-year hiatus, the series will resume in 2018 and 2019. Notre Dame and Michigan first played on November 23, 1887 in Notre Dame's first football game in South Bend, Indiana. The Wolverines proceeded to win the first eight contests, before Notre Dame notched its first win in the series in 1909."], "answer": {"text": "he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "answer_start": 1525}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he move to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the colleges where Randy Moss went, are there any other interesting aspects about the article on his College Career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game.", "Mike Wallace drove the truck at the beginning of the season at Daytona, but crashed at the beginning of the race. Timothy Peters drove the 46 in three races, with a top ten. Erin Crocker drove the first two races for this team in 2008, followed by Scott Speed who drove the truck at Atlanta and Martinsville, followed by Landon Cassill at Mansfield and Lowe's with the godaddy.com sponsorship. Aric Almirola and Regan Smith drove in between races when Cassill was fulfilling obligations for his Nationwide Series team. Cassill had the team's best finish of the year and the final top-five as Morgan-Dollar, when he finished 3rd at the Milwaukee Mile. After MDM's buyout by Randy Moss, 2007 Truck Series Rookie of the Year Willie Allen debuted Randy Moss Motorsports at Kentucky driving the No. 81 Rascal Flatts Chevy Silverado, with the truck number being a tribute to Moss' jersey number. Allen finished 15th in the race. Hendrick Motorsports development driver Landon Cassill scored a 14th-place finish at Kentucky and a 7th-place finish at ORP. Sprint Cup driver Jimmie Johnson made his Truck Series debut at Bristol and led 28 laps but crashed on lap 102 and finished 34th. Joe Gibbs Racing development driver Marc Davis and rookie Donny Lia completed the 2008 schedule for RMM. Before the 2009 season, Randy Moss Motorsports with HTM signed Tayler Malsam to drive the No. 81 Toyota Tundra, after he and new teammate Mike Skinner were released from Triad Racing Technologies. In 2010, Malsam signed with the new Kyle Busch Motorsports, while RMM picked up David Starr and part-time sponsorship from Zachry. Starr was in the top 10 in points heading into the EnjoyIllinois.com 225 when RMM shut down the No. 81 team due to a lack of funding.", "Randy Moss (sports reporter) Randy Moss (born 1959 in Hot Springs, Arkansas) is an American sports announcer and reporter who currently covers thoroughbred racing, football and Olympics for NBC Sports, NBC Sports Network and NFL Network. A native of Hot Springs, Arkansas, Moss attended horse races at Oaklawn Park Race Track during his youth, often sneaking into the track despite being underage. During high school and college he assisted Daily Racing Form columnist Don Grisham on an Oaklawn handicapping column in the Arkansas Gazette. Moss then spent one semester in pharmacy school at the University of Arkansas before Gazette sports editor Orville Henry hired him to work for the paper full time. In 1984, Moss left the Gazette for the Arkansas Democrat after the Democrat offered to double his salary due to his popularity as a handicapper. From 1989 to 1995 he worked for The Dallas Morning News. Moss left journalism in 1995 and returned home to work as the director of operations for Oaklawn. In 1996, Moss returned to sports writing as a reporter for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. He left the Star-Telegram in 1999 after he subbed as an ESPN analyst for that year's Preakness Stakes coverage and subsequently was offered a full-time job by the network. For thirty years, Moss has been part of Andrew Beyer's team that calculates for Daily Racing Form the iconic Beyer Speed Figures, a mathematical index measuring racehorse speed that is widely considered the most popular handicapping tool in thoroughbred racing. He also created the \"Moss Pace Figures\" published online by Daily Racing Form. In June 1999, Moss became ESPN's primary horse racing analyst. In August 2008, he joined the NFL Network, where for three years he was studio host for \"Team Cam\" and \"Around the League\" and now is primarily a remote reporter.", "The Giants opened the scoring with Ron Dayne running in for a 3 yard touchdown run in the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Giants extended their lead with Kerry Collins throwing a 27 yard touchdown pass to Ike Hilliard. However, the Cardinals struck back with Jake Plummer throwing a 38 yard touchdown pass to star receiver David Boston to make it a 14-7 game heading into the locker room. The Giants clinched the game with a fourth-down stop with 4:11 remaining. Tiki Barber ran for 118 yards on 17 carries. \"at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota\"   The Giants' third and final Monday Night game of the season was at Minnesota for a rematch of the 2000 NFC Championship game. However, Randy Moss would ensure that this game would have a different outcome. The Vikings scored on just the fourth play from scrimmage, with Daunte Culpepper hitting Randy Moss for a 28 yard touchdown to make it 7-0. The Giants came back at the end of the quarter with Morten Andersen kicking a 43 yard field goal and Tiki Barber running in for a 1 yard touchdown to make the score 10-7 Giants heading into the second quarter. However in that quarter, Randy Moss caught his second touchdown of the game from Culpepper and the Vikings regained the lead, holding a 14-13 lead heading into the intermission. Andersen kicked a 51 yard field goal to give the Giants a 16-14 lead heading into the final quarter, but a 1 yard touchdown pass from Culpepper to Cris Carter gave the Vikings a 21-16 lead with 9:03 to go. Then with 6:32 to go, Culpepper hit Moss over the middle on a crossing route, who then headed upfield and outran the Giants secondary for a 57 yard touchdown to complete the scoring.", "1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team The 1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented the Marshall University in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the program's first year in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by second-year head coach Bob Pruett. In the 1997 season, Marshall University's first in Division I-A (now known as FBS), Randy Moss and future NFL quarterback Chad Pennington were the centerpiece of an explosive offense that led the Thundering Herd to the Mid-American Conference title. Moss caught 25 touchdown passes that season, at the time a Division I-A record, and was a unanimous first-team All-American. For the season, Moss had 96 receptions for 1820 yards, and 26 touchdowns. Moss won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's leading wide receiver, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy (finishing fourth in the balloting, behind Ryan Leaf, Peyton Manning, and Charles Woodson, who won the award). Moss left Marshall with 168 receptions for 3,467 yards and a school record 53 touchdowns in 2 seasons. The Herd became only the second team to win a conference championship in its first FBS season, after Nevada in 1992 (Big West Conference). The feat would not be repeated again until 2014, when Georgia Southern won the Sun Belt Conference title. The Thundering Herd finished the regular season with a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. After trailing 28\u20133, the Thundering Herd scored 28 straight to take a 31\u201328 lead into the 4th quarter. West Virginia responded with two 4th quarter touchdowns to win this much anticipated season opener, 42\u201331. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 186 yards and 2 touchdowns."], "answer": {"text": "Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized.", "answer_start": 536}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he move to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#4", "question": "did he win?", "rewrite": "did Randy Moss win the racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mike Wallace drove the truck at the beginning of the season at Daytona, but crashed at the beginning of the race. Timothy Peters drove the 46 in three races, with a top ten. Erin Crocker drove the first two races for this team in 2008, followed by Scott Speed who drove the truck at Atlanta and Martinsville, followed by Landon Cassill at Mansfield and Lowe's with the godaddy.com sponsorship. Aric Almirola and Regan Smith drove in between races when Cassill was fulfilling obligations for his Nationwide Series team. Cassill had the team's best finish of the year and the final top-five as Morgan-Dollar, when he finished 3rd at the Milwaukee Mile. After MDM's buyout by Randy Moss, 2007 Truck Series Rookie of the Year Willie Allen debuted Randy Moss Motorsports at Kentucky driving the No. 81 Rascal Flatts Chevy Silverado, with the truck number being a tribute to Moss' jersey number. Allen finished 15th in the race. Hendrick Motorsports development driver Landon Cassill scored a 14th-place finish at Kentucky and a 7th-place finish at ORP. Sprint Cup driver Jimmie Johnson made his Truck Series debut at Bristol and led 28 laps but crashed on lap 102 and finished 34th. Joe Gibbs Racing development driver Marc Davis and rookie Donny Lia completed the 2008 schedule for RMM. Before the 2009 season, Randy Moss Motorsports with HTM signed Tayler Malsam to drive the No. 81 Toyota Tundra, after he and new teammate Mike Skinner were released from Triad Racing Technologies. In 2010, Malsam signed with the new Kyle Busch Motorsports, while RMM picked up David Starr and part-time sponsorship from Zachry. Starr was in the top 10 in points heading into the EnjoyIllinois.com 225 when RMM shut down the No. 81 team due to a lack of funding.", "Randy Moss (sports reporter) Randy Moss (born 1959 in Hot Springs, Arkansas) is an American sports announcer and reporter who currently covers thoroughbred racing, football and Olympics for NBC Sports, NBC Sports Network and NFL Network. A native of Hot Springs, Arkansas, Moss attended horse races at Oaklawn Park Race Track during his youth, often sneaking into the track despite being underage. During high school and college he assisted Daily Racing Form columnist Don Grisham on an Oaklawn handicapping column in the Arkansas Gazette. Moss then spent one semester in pharmacy school at the University of Arkansas before Gazette sports editor Orville Henry hired him to work for the paper full time. In 1984, Moss left the Gazette for the Arkansas Democrat after the Democrat offered to double his salary due to his popularity as a handicapper. From 1989 to 1995 he worked for The Dallas Morning News. Moss left journalism in 1995 and returned home to work as the director of operations for Oaklawn. In 1996, Moss returned to sports writing as a reporter for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. He left the Star-Telegram in 1999 after he subbed as an ESPN analyst for that year's Preakness Stakes coverage and subsequently was offered a full-time job by the network. For thirty years, Moss has been part of Andrew Beyer's team that calculates for Daily Racing Form the iconic Beyer Speed Figures, a mathematical index measuring racehorse speed that is widely considered the most popular handicapping tool in thoroughbred racing. He also created the \"Moss Pace Figures\" published online by Daily Racing Form. In June 1999, Moss became ESPN's primary horse racing analyst. In August 2008, he joined the NFL Network, where for three years he was studio host for \"Team Cam\" and \"Around the League\" and now is primarily a remote reporter.", "Moss's dream was to play for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, but he also considered going to Ohio State, where his half-brother, Eric, had played offensive tackle. Former Notre Dame head coach Lou Holtz said \"Randy Moss was the best high school football player I've ever seen.\" Florida State head coach Bobby Bowden said \"He was as good as Deion Sanders. Deion's my measuring stick for athletic ability, and this kid was just a bigger Deion.\" After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995, Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized. On March 23, 1995, Moss had backed a friend in a hallway fight against a white student who had allegedly used racist comments towards Randy's friend. Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor. On August 1, 1995, Moss pleaded guilty to two counts of misdemeanor battery and was sentenced to 30 days behind bars at the South Central Regional Jail in Charleston, West Virginia. He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months, after he completed his freshman year in college. Moss was expelled from DuPont and completed his education at Cabell Alternative School. Notre Dame subsequently denied his enrollment application, but this did not stop another high-profile college football program from giving him a chance. Notre Dame officials suggested he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team The 1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented the Marshall University in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the program's first year in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by second-year head coach Bob Pruett. In the 1997 season, Marshall University's first in Division I-A (now known as FBS), Randy Moss and future NFL quarterback Chad Pennington were the centerpiece of an explosive offense that led the Thundering Herd to the Mid-American Conference title. Moss caught 25 touchdown passes that season, at the time a Division I-A record, and was a unanimous first-team All-American. For the season, Moss had 96 receptions for 1820 yards, and 26 touchdowns. Moss won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's leading wide receiver, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy (finishing fourth in the balloting, behind Ryan Leaf, Peyton Manning, and Charles Woodson, who won the award). Moss left Marshall with 168 receptions for 3,467 yards and a school record 53 touchdowns in 2 seasons. The Herd became only the second team to win a conference championship in its first FBS season, after Nevada in 1992 (Big West Conference). The feat would not be repeated again until 2014, when Georgia Southern won the Sun Belt Conference title. The Thundering Herd finished the regular season with a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. After trailing 28\u20133, the Thundering Herd scored 28 straight to take a 31\u201328 lead into the 4th quarter. West Virginia responded with two 4th quarter touchdowns to win this much anticipated season opener, 42\u201331. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 186 yards and 2 touchdowns.", "Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game."], "answer": {"text": "Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor.", "answer_start": 783}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he move to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#5", "question": "did he go to jail?", "rewrite": "did Randy Moss go to jail after the carge for misdemeanor after the racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Moss's dream was to play for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, but he also considered going to Ohio State, where his half-brother, Eric, had played offensive tackle. Former Notre Dame head coach Lou Holtz said \"Randy Moss was the best high school football player I've ever seen.\" Florida State head coach Bobby Bowden said \"He was as good as Deion Sanders. Deion's my measuring stick for athletic ability, and this kid was just a bigger Deion.\" After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995, Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized. On March 23, 1995, Moss had backed a friend in a hallway fight against a white student who had allegedly used racist comments towards Randy's friend. Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor. On August 1, 1995, Moss pleaded guilty to two counts of misdemeanor battery and was sentenced to 30 days behind bars at the South Central Regional Jail in Charleston, West Virginia. He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months, after he completed his freshman year in college. Moss was expelled from DuPont and completed his education at Cabell Alternative School. Notre Dame subsequently denied his enrollment application, but this did not stop another high-profile college football program from giving him a chance. Notre Dame officials suggested he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "Randy Moss (sports reporter) Randy Moss (born 1959 in Hot Springs, Arkansas) is an American sports announcer and reporter who currently covers thoroughbred racing, football and Olympics for NBC Sports, NBC Sports Network and NFL Network. A native of Hot Springs, Arkansas, Moss attended horse races at Oaklawn Park Race Track during his youth, often sneaking into the track despite being underage. During high school and college he assisted Daily Racing Form columnist Don Grisham on an Oaklawn handicapping column in the Arkansas Gazette. Moss then spent one semester in pharmacy school at the University of Arkansas before Gazette sports editor Orville Henry hired him to work for the paper full time. In 1984, Moss left the Gazette for the Arkansas Democrat after the Democrat offered to double his salary due to his popularity as a handicapper. From 1989 to 1995 he worked for The Dallas Morning News. Moss left journalism in 1995 and returned home to work as the director of operations for Oaklawn. In 1996, Moss returned to sports writing as a reporter for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. He left the Star-Telegram in 1999 after he subbed as an ESPN analyst for that year's Preakness Stakes coverage and subsequently was offered a full-time job by the network. For thirty years, Moss has been part of Andrew Beyer's team that calculates for Daily Racing Form the iconic Beyer Speed Figures, a mathematical index measuring racehorse speed that is widely considered the most popular handicapping tool in thoroughbred racing. He also created the \"Moss Pace Figures\" published online by Daily Racing Form. In June 1999, Moss became ESPN's primary horse racing analyst. In August 2008, he joined the NFL Network, where for three years he was studio host for \"Team Cam\" and \"Around the League\" and now is primarily a remote reporter.", "1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team The 1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented the Marshall University in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the program's first year in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by second-year head coach Bob Pruett. In the 1997 season, Marshall University's first in Division I-A (now known as FBS), Randy Moss and future NFL quarterback Chad Pennington were the centerpiece of an explosive offense that led the Thundering Herd to the Mid-American Conference title. Moss caught 25 touchdown passes that season, at the time a Division I-A record, and was a unanimous first-team All-American. For the season, Moss had 96 receptions for 1820 yards, and 26 touchdowns. Moss won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's leading wide receiver, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy (finishing fourth in the balloting, behind Ryan Leaf, Peyton Manning, and Charles Woodson, who won the award). Moss left Marshall with 168 receptions for 3,467 yards and a school record 53 touchdowns in 2 seasons. The Herd became only the second team to win a conference championship in its first FBS season, after Nevada in 1992 (Big West Conference). The feat would not be repeated again until 2014, when Georgia Southern won the Sun Belt Conference title. The Thundering Herd finished the regular season with a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. After trailing 28\u20133, the Thundering Herd scored 28 straight to take a 31\u201328 lead into the 4th quarter. West Virginia responded with two 4th quarter touchdowns to win this much anticipated season opener, 42\u201331. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 186 yards and 2 touchdowns.", "The Giants opened the scoring with Ron Dayne running in for a 3 yard touchdown run in the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Giants extended their lead with Kerry Collins throwing a 27 yard touchdown pass to Ike Hilliard. However, the Cardinals struck back with Jake Plummer throwing a 38 yard touchdown pass to star receiver David Boston to make it a 14-7 game heading into the locker room. The Giants clinched the game with a fourth-down stop with 4:11 remaining. Tiki Barber ran for 118 yards on 17 carries. \"at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota\"   The Giants' third and final Monday Night game of the season was at Minnesota for a rematch of the 2000 NFC Championship game. However, Randy Moss would ensure that this game would have a different outcome. The Vikings scored on just the fourth play from scrimmage, with Daunte Culpepper hitting Randy Moss for a 28 yard touchdown to make it 7-0. The Giants came back at the end of the quarter with Morten Andersen kicking a 43 yard field goal and Tiki Barber running in for a 1 yard touchdown to make the score 10-7 Giants heading into the second quarter. However in that quarter, Randy Moss caught his second touchdown of the game from Culpepper and the Vikings regained the lead, holding a 14-13 lead heading into the intermission. Andersen kicked a 51 yard field goal to give the Giants a 16-14 lead heading into the final quarter, but a 1 yard touchdown pass from Culpepper to Cris Carter gave the Vikings a 21-16 lead with 9:03 to go. Then with 6:32 to go, Culpepper hit Moss over the middle on a crossing route, who then headed upfield and outran the Giants secondary for a 57 yard touchdown to complete the scoring.", "Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game."], "answer": {"text": "He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months,", "answer_start": 1074}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he move to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win?", "answer": {"text": "Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor.", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#6", "question": "did he ever serve the remaining?", "rewrite": "did Randy Moss ever serve the remaining 27 days of 30 days in jail?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team The 1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented the Marshall University in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the program's first year in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by second-year head coach Bob Pruett. In the 1997 season, Marshall University's first in Division I-A (now known as FBS), Randy Moss and future NFL quarterback Chad Pennington were the centerpiece of an explosive offense that led the Thundering Herd to the Mid-American Conference title. Moss caught 25 touchdown passes that season, at the time a Division I-A record, and was a unanimous first-team All-American. For the season, Moss had 96 receptions for 1820 yards, and 26 touchdowns. Moss won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's leading wide receiver, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy (finishing fourth in the balloting, behind Ryan Leaf, Peyton Manning, and Charles Woodson, who won the award). Moss left Marshall with 168 receptions for 3,467 yards and a school record 53 touchdowns in 2 seasons. The Herd became only the second team to win a conference championship in its first FBS season, after Nevada in 1992 (Big West Conference). The feat would not be repeated again until 2014, when Georgia Southern won the Sun Belt Conference title. The Thundering Herd finished the regular season with a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. After trailing 28\u20133, the Thundering Herd scored 28 straight to take a 31\u201328 lead into the 4th quarter. West Virginia responded with two 4th quarter touchdowns to win this much anticipated season opener, 42\u201331. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 186 yards and 2 touchdowns.", "The Giants opened the scoring with Ron Dayne running in for a 3 yard touchdown run in the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Giants extended their lead with Kerry Collins throwing a 27 yard touchdown pass to Ike Hilliard. However, the Cardinals struck back with Jake Plummer throwing a 38 yard touchdown pass to star receiver David Boston to make it a 14-7 game heading into the locker room. The Giants clinched the game with a fourth-down stop with 4:11 remaining. Tiki Barber ran for 118 yards on 17 carries. \"at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota\"   The Giants' third and final Monday Night game of the season was at Minnesota for a rematch of the 2000 NFC Championship game. However, Randy Moss would ensure that this game would have a different outcome. The Vikings scored on just the fourth play from scrimmage, with Daunte Culpepper hitting Randy Moss for a 28 yard touchdown to make it 7-0. The Giants came back at the end of the quarter with Morten Andersen kicking a 43 yard field goal and Tiki Barber running in for a 1 yard touchdown to make the score 10-7 Giants heading into the second quarter. However in that quarter, Randy Moss caught his second touchdown of the game from Culpepper and the Vikings regained the lead, holding a 14-13 lead heading into the intermission. Andersen kicked a 51 yard field goal to give the Giants a 16-14 lead heading into the final quarter, but a 1 yard touchdown pass from Culpepper to Cris Carter gave the Vikings a 21-16 lead with 9:03 to go. Then with 6:32 to go, Culpepper hit Moss over the middle on a crossing route, who then headed upfield and outran the Giants secondary for a 57 yard touchdown to complete the scoring.", "Moss's dream was to play for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, but he also considered going to Ohio State, where his half-brother, Eric, had played offensive tackle. Former Notre Dame head coach Lou Holtz said \"Randy Moss was the best high school football player I've ever seen.\" Florida State head coach Bobby Bowden said \"He was as good as Deion Sanders. Deion's my measuring stick for athletic ability, and this kid was just a bigger Deion.\" After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995, Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized. On March 23, 1995, Moss had backed a friend in a hallway fight against a white student who had allegedly used racist comments towards Randy's friend. Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor. On August 1, 1995, Moss pleaded guilty to two counts of misdemeanor battery and was sentenced to 30 days behind bars at the South Central Regional Jail in Charleston, West Virginia. He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months, after he completed his freshman year in college. Moss was expelled from DuPont and completed his education at Cabell Alternative School. Notre Dame subsequently denied his enrollment application, but this did not stop another high-profile college football program from giving him a chance. Notre Dame officials suggested he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game.", "Daunte Culpepper continued to have stellar numbers, throwing for 360 yards, with Randy Moss having 119 yards receiving, and Onterrio Smith having 104 yards receiving, and 94 yards rushing. The defense continued to act as a sieve, with Grossman throwing for 248 yards, and running back Thomas Jones rushing for 110 yards, and adding 71 yards receiving. The Vikings came out of their bye week to face the 2\u20132 Houston Texans for the first time in franchise history. The Vikings defense appeared fresh, shutting down David Carr and the Texans in the first half, while Daunte Culpepper and the Vikings offense continued humming, with Culpepper finding Nate Burleson and randy Moss for second quarter touchdowns, giving the Vikings a 14\u20130 halftime advantage. The Vikings defense continued strongly in the second half, forcing a three-and-out, which the Vikings followed with three Culpepper completions, capped off with a 10-yard Burleson touchdown. David Carr found some success, leading the Texans on two long scoring drives, resulting in touchdowns by Andre Johnson and Dominack Williams. The Vikings seemingly put the game out of reach on a 50-yard touchdown pass from Culpepper to Randy Moss with 6:58 remaining. David Carr continued his career best game, leading two long drives, capping them off with touchdown passes to Derrick Armstrong and David Carr, sandwiching a Vikings three-and-out, forcing overtime. In overtime, the Vikings won the toss, and the teams traded punts. On the Vikings second possession of overtime, Culpepper found Marcus Robinson on a post on 3rd-and-12 from the 50, earning the walk-off win for the Vikings. Culpepper finished with 396 yards passing and five touchdowns, with Mewelde Moore adding 92 yards rushing and 90 yards receiving."], "answer": {"text": "would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months, after he completed his freshman year in college.", "answer_start": 1123}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he move to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win?", "answer": {"text": "Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor.", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to jail?", "answer": {"text": "He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months,", "answer_start": 1074, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_851e2cea33364400ac299a7537e94da3_0_q#7", "question": "what did he do afterward?", "rewrite": "what did Randy Moss after he spent the remaining 27 days in jail for a fight at his school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team The 1997 Marshall Thundering Herd football team represented the Marshall University in the 1997 NCAA Division I-A football season. It was the program's first year in the Mid-American Conference (MAC). They were led by second-year head coach Bob Pruett. In the 1997 season, Marshall University's first in Division I-A (now known as FBS), Randy Moss and future NFL quarterback Chad Pennington were the centerpiece of an explosive offense that led the Thundering Herd to the Mid-American Conference title. Moss caught 25 touchdown passes that season, at the time a Division I-A record, and was a unanimous first-team All-American. For the season, Moss had 96 receptions for 1820 yards, and 26 touchdowns. Moss won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as the nation's leading wide receiver, and was a finalist for the Heisman Trophy (finishing fourth in the balloting, behind Ryan Leaf, Peyton Manning, and Charles Woodson, who won the award). Moss left Marshall with 168 receptions for 3,467 yards and a school record 53 touchdowns in 2 seasons. The Herd became only the second team to win a conference championship in its first FBS season, after Nevada in 1992 (Big West Conference). The feat would not be repeated again until 2014, when Georgia Southern won the Sun Belt Conference title. The Thundering Herd finished the regular season with a record of 10 wins and 2 losses. After trailing 28\u20133, the Thundering Herd scored 28 straight to take a 31\u201328 lead into the 4th quarter. West Virginia responded with two 4th quarter touchdowns to win this much anticipated season opener, 42\u201331. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 85 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 186 yards and 2 touchdowns.", "Moss's dream was to play for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish, but he also considered going to Ohio State, where his half-brother, Eric, had played offensive tackle. Former Notre Dame head coach Lou Holtz said \"Randy Moss was the best high school football player I've ever seen.\" Florida State head coach Bobby Bowden said \"He was as good as Deion Sanders. Deion's my measuring stick for athletic ability, and this kid was just a bigger Deion.\" After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995, Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized. On March 23, 1995, Moss had backed a friend in a hallway fight against a white student who had allegedly used racist comments towards Randy's friend. Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor. On August 1, 1995, Moss pleaded guilty to two counts of misdemeanor battery and was sentenced to 30 days behind bars at the South Central Regional Jail in Charleston, West Virginia. He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months, after he completed his freshman year in college. Moss was expelled from DuPont and completed his education at Cabell Alternative School. Notre Dame subsequently denied his enrollment application, but this did not stop another high-profile college football program from giving him a chance. Notre Dame officials suggested he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "The Giants opened the scoring with Ron Dayne running in for a 3 yard touchdown run in the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Giants extended their lead with Kerry Collins throwing a 27 yard touchdown pass to Ike Hilliard. However, the Cardinals struck back with Jake Plummer throwing a 38 yard touchdown pass to star receiver David Boston to make it a 14-7 game heading into the locker room. The Giants clinched the game with a fourth-down stop with 4:11 remaining. Tiki Barber ran for 118 yards on 17 carries. \"at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota\"   The Giants' third and final Monday Night game of the season was at Minnesota for a rematch of the 2000 NFC Championship game. However, Randy Moss would ensure that this game would have a different outcome. The Vikings scored on just the fourth play from scrimmage, with Daunte Culpepper hitting Randy Moss for a 28 yard touchdown to make it 7-0. The Giants came back at the end of the quarter with Morten Andersen kicking a 43 yard field goal and Tiki Barber running in for a 1 yard touchdown to make the score 10-7 Giants heading into the second quarter. However in that quarter, Randy Moss caught his second touchdown of the game from Culpepper and the Vikings regained the lead, holding a 14-13 lead heading into the intermission. Andersen kicked a 51 yard field goal to give the Giants a 16-14 lead heading into the final quarter, but a 1 yard touchdown pass from Culpepper to Cris Carter gave the Vikings a 21-16 lead with 9:03 to go. Then with 6:32 to go, Culpepper hit Moss over the middle on a crossing route, who then headed upfield and outran the Giants secondary for a 57 yard touchdown to complete the scoring.", "Randy Moss hauled in 8 receptions for 216 yards and 3 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 5 receptions for 52 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss caught 13 passes for 205 yards and a school-record 5 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 107 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 10 receptions for 147 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 8 receptions for 124 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 193 yards and 2 touchdowns. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 56 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown. Randy Moss had 7 receptions for 170 yards and 3 touchdowns. Playing in its first bowl game since the 1948 Tangerine Bowl, Marshall lost a back-and-forth matchup with Ole Miss. Randy Moss had 6 receptions for 173 yards and a touchdown, including an 80-yard bomb from Chad Pennington, in his final collegiate game.", "Randy Moss (sports reporter) Randy Moss (born 1959 in Hot Springs, Arkansas) is an American sports announcer and reporter who currently covers thoroughbred racing, football and Olympics for NBC Sports, NBC Sports Network and NFL Network. A native of Hot Springs, Arkansas, Moss attended horse races at Oaklawn Park Race Track during his youth, often sneaking into the track despite being underage. During high school and college he assisted Daily Racing Form columnist Don Grisham on an Oaklawn handicapping column in the Arkansas Gazette. Moss then spent one semester in pharmacy school at the University of Arkansas before Gazette sports editor Orville Henry hired him to work for the paper full time. In 1984, Moss left the Gazette for the Arkansas Democrat after the Democrat offered to double his salary due to his popularity as a handicapper. From 1989 to 1995 he worked for The Dallas Morning News. Moss left journalism in 1995 and returned home to work as the director of operations for Oaklawn. In 1996, Moss returned to sports writing as a reporter for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. He left the Star-Telegram in 1999 after he subbed as an ESPN analyst for that year's Preakness Stakes coverage and subsequently was offered a full-time job by the network. For thirty years, Moss has been part of Andrew Beyer's team that calculates for Daily Racing Form the iconic Beyer Speed Figures, a mathematical index measuring racehorse speed that is widely considered the most popular handicapping tool in thoroughbred racing. He also created the \"Moss Pace Figures\" published online by Daily Racing Form. In June 1999, Moss became ESPN's primary horse racing analyst. In August 2008, he joined the NFL Network, where for three years he was studio host for \"Team Cam\" and \"Around the League\" and now is primarily a remote reporter."], "answer": {"text": "Moss was expelled from DuPont and completed his education at Cabell Alternative School.", "answer_start": 1253}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what college did Randy Moss go to?", "answer": {"text": "After originally signing a letter of intent to play college football with Notre Dame in 1995,", "answer_start": 442, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where did he move to?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "he attend Florida State due to the reputation of its coach, Bobby Bowden, for handling troubled players.", "answer_start": 1525, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Moss took part in a racially charged fight at his high school that left one person hospitalized.", "answer_start": 536, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he win?", "answer": {"text": "Moss was initially charged with a felony for kicking the student, but it was later reduced to a misdemeanor.", "answer_start": 783, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go to jail?", "answer": {"text": "He served 3 days in jail starting that night and would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months,", "answer_start": 1074, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever serve the remaining?", "answer": {"text": "would be required to serve the remaining 27 days within the following 18 months, after he completed his freshman year in college.", "answer_start": 1123, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d7ff96617f5847eda8799c128a421be4_0_q#0", "question": "When did Terry Bradshaw retire from football?", "rewrite": "When did Terry Bradshaw retire from football?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero In the National Football League (NFL), the lowest official passer rating that a quarterback (QB) can achieve is 0.0. To achieve a passer rating of 0.0 in a game, a QB must have no touchdowns, complete no more than 30% of his pass attempts, average less than 3 yards per attempt, throw an interception on at least 9.5% of attempts and attempt at least 10 passes. The NFL does not count such games by QBs who attempt fewer than 10 passes in a game. Terry Bradshaw posted a zero rating on a record three occasions, while seven other QBs have two games of 0.0. Gary Keithley is the only QB ever to post zero ratings two straight weeks (1973). There have been two occasions where a starting QB, and his mid-game replacement, have both earned a zero rating in the same game: starter Joe Namath and replacement Richard Todd with the New York Jets (1976), and starter Terry Bradshaw and replacement Cliff Stoudt with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1982). Only once have opposing QBs both posted a zero rating: Gary Keithley and the St. Louis Cardinals defeated Bob Lee and the Atlanta Falcons (1973). No starting QB with a passer rating that low has won the game since Norm Snead in 1976. Twelve QBs have had a zero passer rating and also earned a perfect (158.3) passer rating during their careers: Otto Graham, Johnny Unitas, Joe Namath, Terry Bradshaw, Len Dawson, Bob Griese, James Harris, Bob Lee, Dan Fouts, Craig Morton, Eli Manning, and Peyton Manning.", "Gilliam was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 11th round of the 1972 NFL Draft, the 273rd overall pick. He made is regular season debut on Monday Night Football, during a Week Eight game against the Miami Dolphins Prior to the 1974 regular season, Steelers head coach Chuck Noll stated that the starting quarterback position was \"wide open\" among Terry Bradshaw, Gilliam, and Terry Hanratty. Gilliam outperformed the other two in the 1974 pre-season and Noll named Gilliam the starting quarterback, the first African American quarterback to start a season opener after the AFL\u2013NFL merger in 1970. After a 30\u20130 win in the season opener over Baltimore, he was featured on the cover of \"Sports Illustrated\". Although he was 4-1-1 in the first six games, he was benched in late October for his lackluster performance and ignoring team rules and game plans. In particular, Gilliam ran afoul of Chuck Noll for his excessive number of pass plays. During the Week 2 game against Denver Broncos, he threw a record 50 passes and almost totally ignored the run game, leading to a 35-35 tie. In Week 3, Gilliam delivered a terrible performance with only 8 completed passes in 31 attempts and 2 interceptions, leading to the Steelers suffering the humiliation of a home shutout by arch-rival Oakland Raiders. After fans began demanding Terry Bradshaw's return, Gilliam was benched. He also received numerous death threats, some of them racially charged. Bradshaw returned as the starter on Monday night in week 7 and led the team to a win in Super Bowl IX, the first of four Super Bowl championships with him at the helm of the offense. \" He gave me my job back,\" Bradshaw told sportscaster James Brown on a February 2000 edition of \"Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel\" on HBO.", "1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 51st season in the National Football League. They were good enough to win ten games and claim the AFC Central Division title over the 9\u20137 Cleveland Browns. The clincher came in the penultimate game of the regular season, against the New York Jets in what was the final NFL game to be played at Shea Stadium. But to Steelers fans, this was a game that always will be remembered as Terry Bradshaw's final appearance at quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers. By the start of the 1983 season, the Steelers had endured many retirements, they had been forced to adapt to many changes. The Steel Curtain was no more, both from the standpoint of personnel, what with Joe Greene, L.C. Greenwood, Dwight White and Ernie Holmes all retired, but also from the fact the scheme had been switched from a 4\u20133 to the 3\u20134. However, nothing was as dramatic as what they were about to live through for the first time in a very long time. Life without Terry Bradshaw. In another season, Jack Lambert's career would be ended by a dislocated big toe, but at this point in franchise history the most important appendage to them was Bradshaw's right arm. More specifically, his right elbow. Sometime in the months after the 1983 NFL season, a doctor would perform surgery on that very valuable elbow, but in September 1983, the medical plan agreed to by the Steelers and Bradshaw called for rest and treatment. Several times over the season, the false hope for Bradshaw's return to the starting lineup crystallized and then evaporated. Deadlines passed. More deadlines were set. They passed as well. And on and on it went.", "Business Day with Terry Bradshaw Business Day With Terry Bradshaw is a television show produced by United States Media Television Productions and hosted by former Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member Terry Bradshaw. Business Day features profiles and interviews of companies, individuals, and communities that impact today\u2019s business world. Paul Douglas Scott, listed on the show's website as President and Founder, is party to a 2007 agreement with the Florida Attorney General. This agreement requires, among other things, that Scott \"shall not represent themselves to be any national news, cable or broadcast network, nor shall Respondents represent that they are 'associated' with any such network.\" The 2007 Agreement also finds that \"Potential clients from Florida and throughout the United States were contacted telephonically by 'creative directors.' These creative directors were actually sales persons who attempted to solicit businesses into signing business contracts with Platinum and New Line. For a 'licensing fee' of approximately $20,000.00 (more, in some cases), a short 5- to 7-minute feature of the business would be produced and inserted into a previously produced magazine style show. The businesses were usually told that the show would air on a combination of national and regional broadcast networks.\"", "Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d7ff96617f5847eda8799c128a421be4_0_q#1", "question": "Did Terry Bradshaw give back to his alma mater?", "rewrite": "Did Terry Bradshaw give back to his alma mater?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships.", "Alma Mater Europaea \u2013 Evropski center, Maribor  Alma Mater Europaea \u2013 European Center Maribor is an accredited non-profit research and higher education institution and part of an international university Alma Mater Europaea of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, which unites over 1500 leading scholars, 31 of which are Nobel Prize laureates. Alma Mater Europaea ECM offers doctoral, masters, and bachelor degree studies in humanities, social gerontology, ecology, business, European studies, project management as well as social studies including healthcare, nursing, physical therapy, and social gerontology. Institutum Studiorum Humanitatis, the oldest Slovenian private higher education institution, joined Alma Mater in 2014. Since 2015, a Dance Academy, the only Slovenian accredited institution offering diplomas ballet and dance studies, is part of the Alma Mater. Among the leading scholars, who teach or have given guest lectures at Alma Mater, are political scientist Werner Weidenfeld, who is also the rector of Alma Mater, cardiac surgeon Felix Unger, who is also the president of Alma Mater, Constitutional Court judge Klemen Jaklic, who had lectured at Harvard Law School for seven years before joining Alma Mater, and philosophers Alain Badiou, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Sre\u0107ko Horvat. In 2007 European Academy of Sciences and Arts Salzburg (EASA) established Alma Mater Europaea as an academic institution that provides an organizational frame and contents for cultural and professional renewal of the Danube region. AMEU - ECM is part of Alma Mater Europaea as an academic and research institution, a network of over 250 academic teachers and over 40 academic institutions from 12 countries in the Danube region, also connecting 1400 excellent researchers, several Nobel prize recipients.", "In the United States, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the \"Alma Mater of the Nation\" because of its ties to the country's founding. At Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the main student government is known as the Alma Mater Society. The ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant (e.g., at the Palatine Hill in Rome). Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses. For example, in the United States: there is a well-known bronze statue of \"Alma Mater\" by Daniel Chester French situated on the steps of Columbia University's Low Library; the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign also has an \"Alma Mater\" statue by Lorado Taft. An altarpiece mural in Yale University's Sterling Memorial Library, painted in 1932 by Eugene Savage, depicts the \"Alma Mater\" as a bearer of light and truth, standing in the midst of the personified arts and sciences. Outside the United States, there is an \"Alma Mater\" sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. The statue was cast in 1919 by Mario Korbel, with Feliciana Villal\u00f3n Wilson as the inspiration for \"Alma Mater\", and it was installed in its current location in 1927, at the direction of architect Raul Otero.", "Georgetown University Alma Mater The Georgetown University Alma Mater is one of the traditional songs of Georgetown University, and the university's official and undisputed alma mater. It was written to the tune of the Welsh battle song \"Men of Harlech\" in 1894 by Robert J. Collier, a Georgetown student. The song is performed by the university orchestra and occasionally other groups at various school events, including commencements and athletic games. The words and length of the alma mater have changed several times since the original writing, most notably in 1984, when the university changed the first line of the Alma Mater from \"Sons of Georgetown, Alma Mater,\" to \"Hail, oh Georgetown, Alma Mater,\" in an effort to promote gender equity.", "University of Pittsburgh Alma Mater The alma mater of the University of Pittsburgh was adopted soon after the University changed its name in 1908 from the Western University of Pennsylvania to its current moniker. Lyrics were written by George M. P. Baird, class of 1909 and were set to the tune of what was then the Austrian National Anthem (adopted as the German National Anthem in 1922). A new tune for the \"Alma Mater\" hymn was composed by Charles W. Scovel, class of 1883, but it was not widely adopted and was either lost or became obscure. The \"Alma Mater\" acts as an official anthem of the university and often is played to open and/or close various University functions, including athletic contests such as football and basketball games. It is more formal than the traditional fight songs such as \"Hail to Pitt\" and the \"Victory Song\", and is typically played and sung in a more reverent fashion than other university songs. One of the first professional recordings of \"Alma Mater\", along with \"Hail to Pitt\", was by the Criterion Quartet on Gennett Records in 1920 During the 1940s, Joseph Wood conducted a recording of a collection of songs entitled \"Songs of the University of Pittsburgh\" that featured Walter Scheff, Ralph Nyland, and Michael Stewart. Released on two 78-rpm discs by Republic records, the album featured \"Pitt Alma Mater\", \"Hail to Pitt\", \"The Panther\", and the \"Pitt Victory Song\". Various compilations by the Pitt Band and Pitt Men's Glee Club have also been produced that have included the \"Alma Mater\". Around the 1952-1953 school year, the Pitt Band and the Pitt Men's Glee Club collaborated to release a compilation songs entitled \"Songs of Pitt\" on RCA Victor Records."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Terry Bradshaw retire from football?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d7ff96617f5847eda8799c128a421be4_0_q#2", "question": "What has Terry Bradshaw done professionally since his football career ended?", "rewrite": "What has Terry Bradshaw done professionally since his football career ended?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Business Day with Terry Bradshaw Business Day With Terry Bradshaw is a television show produced by United States Media Television Productions and hosted by former Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member Terry Bradshaw. Business Day features profiles and interviews of companies, individuals, and communities that impact today\u2019s business world. Paul Douglas Scott, listed on the show's website as President and Founder, is party to a 2007 agreement with the Florida Attorney General. This agreement requires, among other things, that Scott \"shall not represent themselves to be any national news, cable or broadcast network, nor shall Respondents represent that they are 'associated' with any such network.\" The 2007 Agreement also finds that \"Potential clients from Florida and throughout the United States were contacted telephonically by 'creative directors.' These creative directors were actually sales persons who attempted to solicit businesses into signing business contracts with Platinum and New Line. For a 'licensing fee' of approximately $20,000.00 (more, in some cases), a short 5- to 7-minute feature of the business would be produced and inserted into a previously produced magazine style show. The businesses were usually told that the show would air on a combination of national and regional broadcast networks.\"", "Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships.", "1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 51st season in the National Football League. They were good enough to win ten games and claim the AFC Central Division title over the 9\u20137 Cleveland Browns. The clincher came in the penultimate game of the regular season, against the New York Jets in what was the final NFL game to be played at Shea Stadium. But to Steelers fans, this was a game that always will be remembered as Terry Bradshaw's final appearance at quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers. By the start of the 1983 season, the Steelers had endured many retirements, they had been forced to adapt to many changes. The Steel Curtain was no more, both from the standpoint of personnel, what with Joe Greene, L.C. Greenwood, Dwight White and Ernie Holmes all retired, but also from the fact the scheme had been switched from a 4\u20133 to the 3\u20134. However, nothing was as dramatic as what they were about to live through for the first time in a very long time. Life without Terry Bradshaw. In another season, Jack Lambert's career would be ended by a dislocated big toe, but at this point in franchise history the most important appendage to them was Bradshaw's right arm. More specifically, his right elbow. Sometime in the months after the 1983 NFL season, a doctor would perform surgery on that very valuable elbow, but in September 1983, the medical plan agreed to by the Steelers and Bradshaw called for rest and treatment. Several times over the season, the false hope for Bradshaw's return to the starting lineup crystallized and then evaporated. Deadlines passed. More deadlines were set. They passed as well. And on and on it went.", "List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero In the National Football League (NFL), the lowest official passer rating that a quarterback (QB) can achieve is 0.0. To achieve a passer rating of 0.0 in a game, a QB must have no touchdowns, complete no more than 30% of his pass attempts, average less than 3 yards per attempt, throw an interception on at least 9.5% of attempts and attempt at least 10 passes. The NFL does not count such games by QBs who attempt fewer than 10 passes in a game. Terry Bradshaw posted a zero rating on a record three occasions, while seven other QBs have two games of 0.0. Gary Keithley is the only QB ever to post zero ratings two straight weeks (1973). There have been two occasions where a starting QB, and his mid-game replacement, have both earned a zero rating in the same game: starter Joe Namath and replacement Richard Todd with the New York Jets (1976), and starter Terry Bradshaw and replacement Cliff Stoudt with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1982). Only once have opposing QBs both posted a zero rating: Gary Keithley and the St. Louis Cardinals defeated Bob Lee and the Atlanta Falcons (1973). No starting QB with a passer rating that low has won the game since Norm Snead in 1976. Twelve QBs have had a zero passer rating and also earned a perfect (158.3) passer rating during their careers: Otto Graham, Johnny Unitas, Joe Namath, Terry Bradshaw, Len Dawson, Bob Griese, James Harris, Bob Lee, Dan Fouts, Craig Morton, Eli Manning, and Peyton Manning.", "This group of players formed the base of one of the greatest teams in NFL history. 1970 was a turning point year for the Steelers. The team, along with the Cleveland Browns (with whom the intense \"Turnpike Rivalry\" developed) and the Baltimore Colts, joined the former American Football League (AFL) teams in the new American Football Conference (AFC), following the AFL\u2013NFL merger that year. The team also received a $3 million relocation fee, which was a windfall for them; for years they rarely had enough to build a true contending team. The Steelers moved into Three Rivers Stadium, and Terry Bradshaw, picked first overall in the draft, started at quarterback. Myron Cope, thought by many as a Pittsburgh institution, entered the broadcast booth for a 35-year career as a Steelers radio commentator. The initial results, though an improvement over the late 1960s, were still unimpressive. Pittsburgh lost its season opener against the Oilers and Terry Bradshaw struggled for much of the season, being sacked for a safety in each of his first three games and throwing 24 interceptions on the way to a 5\u20139 record. The local media subjected him to harsh criticism for a long time. In 1971, Bradshaw threw 22 interceptions during a 6\u20138 season. 1972, however, was the breakthrough year, and the beginning of an NFL dynasty. Rookie Franco Harris joined the team and ran for 1,055 yards and scored 11 touchdowns. Pittsburgh finished 11\u20133, first place in the AFC Central, and made the playoffs for the first time since 1947. Their first playoff game, against the Oakland Raiders, at Three Rivers Stadium, featured one of the best-known plays in league history: the Immaculate Reception. On 4th down from the Pittsburgh 40-yard line with 22 seconds left and trailing 7\u20136, Bradshaw threw a pass intended for John \"Frenchy\" Fuqua."], "answer": {"text": "In July 1997, Bradshaw served as the presenter when Mike Webster, his center on the Steelers' Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Terry Bradshaw retire from football?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Terry Bradshaw give back to his alma mater?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d7ff96617f5847eda8799c128a421be4_0_q#3", "question": "Did he pursue a television career after football?", "rewrite": "Did Terry Bradshaw pursue a television career after football?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Business Day with Terry Bradshaw Business Day With Terry Bradshaw is a television show produced by United States Media Television Productions and hosted by former Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member Terry Bradshaw. Business Day features profiles and interviews of companies, individuals, and communities that impact today\u2019s business world. Paul Douglas Scott, listed on the show's website as President and Founder, is party to a 2007 agreement with the Florida Attorney General. This agreement requires, among other things, that Scott \"shall not represent themselves to be any national news, cable or broadcast network, nor shall Respondents represent that they are 'associated' with any such network.\" The 2007 Agreement also finds that \"Potential clients from Florida and throughout the United States were contacted telephonically by 'creative directors.' These creative directors were actually sales persons who attempted to solicit businesses into signing business contracts with Platinum and New Line. For a 'licensing fee' of approximately $20,000.00 (more, in some cases), a short 5- to 7-minute feature of the business would be produced and inserted into a previously produced magazine style show. The businesses were usually told that the show would air on a combination of national and regional broadcast networks.\"", "Red Man Red Man is a brand of chewing tobacco in the United States which was first introduced in 1904. Red Man has traditionally come as leaf tobacco, in contrast to twist chewing tobacco or the ground tobacco used in snuff. It is made by the Pinkerton Tobacco company of Owensboro, Kentucky. In 1985, Pinkerton was acquired by a Swedish corporation, and after further corporate reshuffling, the Red Man brand now falls under the umbrella of the Swedish Match company, which in turn is owned primarily by  institutional investors. The proportion owned by non-Swedish investors is approximately 80%. The Red Man brand was introduced in 1904 by Pinkerton Tobacco (incorporated in 1901). Early in its history, Red Man advertisements were painted on the sides of barns, featuring an endorsement from baseball player Nap Lajoie: \" Lajoie chews Red Man, ask him if he don't.\" Red Man was initially sold in a few Midwestern states; it expanded (in 1954) into the South and then (in 1963) largely nationwide. The corporation's marketing material describes Red Man's consumer base: \"A large number of consumers work outdoors and enjoy hunting, fishing and watch [sic] auto racing. \" Contemporary materials from Swedish Match also suggest that the brand name came from something of an homage to American Indians. Marketing tie-ins with rural and outdoor sports have been a hallmark of the Red Man brand. From 1952 to 1955, Red Man produced a series of baseball cards, the only tobacco company to do so after 1920. The sets are valuable due to the appearance of 25 of the top players of 1952\u201355, including Stan Musial, Yogi Berra and Willie Mays. In 1982, Red Man launched its first TV advertising ever, produced by the ad agency Benton & Bowles.", "List of NFL quarterbacks who have posted a passer rating of zero In the National Football League (NFL), the lowest official passer rating that a quarterback (QB) can achieve is 0.0. To achieve a passer rating of 0.0 in a game, a QB must have no touchdowns, complete no more than 30% of his pass attempts, average less than 3 yards per attempt, throw an interception on at least 9.5% of attempts and attempt at least 10 passes. The NFL does not count such games by QBs who attempt fewer than 10 passes in a game. Terry Bradshaw posted a zero rating on a record three occasions, while seven other QBs have two games of 0.0. Gary Keithley is the only QB ever to post zero ratings two straight weeks (1973). There have been two occasions where a starting QB, and his mid-game replacement, have both earned a zero rating in the same game: starter Joe Namath and replacement Richard Todd with the New York Jets (1976), and starter Terry Bradshaw and replacement Cliff Stoudt with the Pittsburgh Steelers (1982). Only once have opposing QBs both posted a zero rating: Gary Keithley and the St. Louis Cardinals defeated Bob Lee and the Atlanta Falcons (1973). No starting QB with a passer rating that low has won the game since Norm Snead in 1976. Twelve QBs have had a zero passer rating and also earned a perfect (158.3) passer rating during their careers: Otto Graham, Johnny Unitas, Joe Namath, Terry Bradshaw, Len Dawson, Bob Griese, James Harris, Bob Lee, Dan Fouts, Craig Morton, Eli Manning, and Peyton Manning.", "1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season The 1983 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise's 51st season in the National Football League. They were good enough to win ten games and claim the AFC Central Division title over the 9\u20137 Cleveland Browns. The clincher came in the penultimate game of the regular season, against the New York Jets in what was the final NFL game to be played at Shea Stadium. But to Steelers fans, this was a game that always will be remembered as Terry Bradshaw's final appearance at quarterback for the Pittsburgh Steelers. By the start of the 1983 season, the Steelers had endured many retirements, they had been forced to adapt to many changes. The Steel Curtain was no more, both from the standpoint of personnel, what with Joe Greene, L.C. Greenwood, Dwight White and Ernie Holmes all retired, but also from the fact the scheme had been switched from a 4\u20133 to the 3\u20134. However, nothing was as dramatic as what they were about to live through for the first time in a very long time. Life without Terry Bradshaw. In another season, Jack Lambert's career would be ended by a dislocated big toe, but at this point in franchise history the most important appendage to them was Bradshaw's right arm. More specifically, his right elbow. Sometime in the months after the 1983 NFL season, a doctor would perform surgery on that very valuable elbow, but in September 1983, the medical plan agreed to by the Steelers and Bradshaw called for rest and treatment. Several times over the season, the false hope for Bradshaw's return to the starting lineup crystallized and then evaporated. Deadlines passed. More deadlines were set. They passed as well. And on and on it went.", "Like Blanda, Parilli, Namath, and Dawson, he became a star in the AFL in the 1960s, as the Steelers went downhill until finally drafting and signing Louisiana native Terry Bradshaw in 1970. By the time Western Pennsylvania had also produced future Hall-of-Famers Joe Montana, Dan Marino and Jim Kelly, Bradshaw and his teammates had long since turned the Steelers from a laughingstock into one of the NFL's most successful and beloved franchises. The Steelers' luck began to take a turn for the better with the hiring of coach Chuck Noll in early 1969, though he too won only a single game in his inaugural season (their worst since 1941), defeating the Detroit Lions in the season opener before losing the next 13 games. Joe Paterno had turned down the job before it was offered to Noll. The team's luck also continued when they won a coin toss with the Chicago Bears after the 1969 season (both teams went 1\u201313 in the 1969 season, with the Bears' lone win coming at the Steelers' expense) to gain the rights to draft Louisiana Tech superstar Terry Bradshaw with the first selection in the 1970 NFL Draft. As poor as the 1969 season was, it turned out to be a springboard for one of the most successful decades any NFL team has ever had. Noll's most remarkable talent was in his draft selections, taking \"Mean\" Joe Greene in 1969, Terry Bradshaw and Mel Blount in 1970, Jack Ham in 1971, Franco Harris in 1972, and Mike Webster, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, and Jack Lambert in 1974. According to the NFL Network 1974 is the best draft class in the history of the NFL with Webster, Swann, Stallworth, & Lambert all in the Hall of Fame, and all four won four Super Bowl Championships."], "answer": {"text": "After an appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (February 6, 2006) Bradshaw stated that the reason why he did not attend the MVP parade", "answer_start": 699}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Terry Bradshaw retire from football?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Terry Bradshaw give back to his alma mater?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What has Terry Bradshaw done professionally since his football career ended?", "answer": {"text": "In July 1997, Bradshaw served as the presenter when Mike Webster, his center on the Steelers' Super Bowl XIII and XIV title teams,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03dbb14d57144097b186fafc0150206d_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Larry Holmes fight against Cooney take place?", "rewrite": "Where did Larry Holmes fight against Cooney take place?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the Holmes fight, Cooney had fought only sporadically, in the seven plus years between his fight with Holmes and Foreman, Cooney had only partaken in four fights and had completely sat out the entire years of 1983, 1985, 1988 and 1989. Before his fight with Foreman, Cooney's last fight had been against then-undefeated \"The Ring\" and lineal heavyweight champion Michael Spinks two and a half year earlier on June 15, 1987, a fight Cooney would lose by knockout in the fifth round. Despite criticism of both fighters advanced ages, with critics in the media dubbing the fight \"The Geezers at Caesars\", there was some considerable hype surrounding the fight and it was decided that the bout would air on pay-per-view. There was even added drama with Cooney enlisting Foreman's long-time trainer Gil Clancy to train him for the fight. The two men fought a close first round and traded jabs throughout. Towards the end of the first round, Cooney caught Foreman with a left hand that stunned Foreman, one of the few times during Foreman's comeback that he was hurt by an opponent. However, things would go downhill for Cooney in the second. Foreman would dominate the action in the second and sent Cooney down to the canvas after stunning him with a left uppercut and then landing several right hands followed by a straight left just past the midway mark. Cooney answered the referee's ten count and though clearly hurt from the exchange, was allowed to continue. Foreman then charged at the still staggering Cooney, delivered a sharp left uppercut that knocked Cooney out on his feet, followed by a quick right cross before the referee could step in, sending Cooney face-first to the canvas.", "Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was a boxing match that took place on June 11, 1982. It was one of the most highly anticipated fights of the early 1980s. Larry Holmes had been the WBC heavyweight champion since 1978, when he beat Ken Norton by a fifteen-round split decision at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Over the course of his illustrious career, on the way to almost tying the great Rocky Marciano's record of 49-0, losing in the 49th fight, a decision to the \"Jinx\" Michael Spinks, fought such fighters as Ossie Ocasio, Mike Weaver, Trevor Berbick, Leon Spinks and, most notably, Muhammad Ali. Gerry Cooney, on the other hand, had been a professional fighter since 1977, and he was able to beat boxers such as Jimmy Young and others. The turning point of his career came when he beat Ken Norton, in May 1981, by knockout in round one at the Madison Square Garden in New York. Anticipation over a Holmes-Cooney confrontation began to take shape in early 1981, but the fight took over a year to happen, partly because 1981 in particular was a very busy year for boxing with many other big fights, partly because Holmes was obliged to defend against Berbick, Spinks and Renaldo Snipes in that order. Cooney only had one fight in 1981, against Norton. Holmes-Cooney was originally scheduled for March 1982, but was postponed until June when Cooney injured his back in training. By 1982, promoter Don King and manager Dennis Rappaport began one of the most massive and racially toned campaigns in boxing history to raise public interest for a fight between Holmes and Cooney. After they were both signed to fight, an intense promotional tour followed.", "Among those he defeated were Charlie Polite, former US heavyweight champion Eddie Lopez, and Tom Prater. These were not rated contenders, however. By 1980, Cooney was being featured on national television. Stepping up, he beat one-time title challengers Jimmy Young and Ron Lyle, both by 'knockouts.' The Young fight was stopped because of cuts sustained by Young. By then Cooney was ranked number 1 by the WBC and eager for a match with champion Larry Holmes. In 1981, he defeated former world heavyweight champion Ken Norton by a knockout just 54 seconds into the first round with a blisteringly powerful attack. This broke the record set in 1948 by Lee Savold for the quickest knockout in a main event in Madison Square Garden. Since his management team was unwilling to risk losing a big future pay day with Holmes by having him face another viable fighter, Cooney did not fight for 13 months after defeating Norton. failed an attempt to take on World Boxing Council title holder Larry Holmes in an exhibition match, The following year, Holmes agreed to fight him. With a purse of ten million dollars for the challenger, it was the richest fight in boxing history to that time. The promotion of the fight took on racial overtones that were exaggerated by the promoters, something Cooney did not agree with. He believed that skill, not race, should determine if a boxer was good. However, if Cooney won, he would have become the first Caucasian world heavyweight champion since Swede Ingemar Johansson defeated Floyd Patterson 23 years earlier. Don King called Cooney \"The Great White Hope. \" The bout drew attention worldwide, and Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was one of the biggest closed-circuit/pay-per-view productions in history, broadcast to over 150 countries. Cooney fought bravely after he was knocked down briefly in the second round.", "After the exchange, Tyson would continue to be aggressive, causing Holmes to hold Tyson twice more. After referee Joe Cortez broke the second hold, Tyson hit Holmes with a left jab\u2013right hand combination that sent Holmes to canvas. Holmes was able to get back up but was immediately met with a furious combination from Tyson, who knocked Holmes down for the second time with a right hook to the head. Holmes stumbled back to his feet and was able to answer the referee's count at 8. Tyson would continue to hammer Holmes powerful combinations until finally delivering the final blow with seven seconds left in the round, a right hook that dropped Holmes for the third time in the round, after which Cortez stopped the fight and awarded Tyson the victory by technical knockout. Mike Tyson's next fight would take place in Japan's Tokyo Dome against Tony Tubbs, a fight he would easily win by second-round knockout. This would finally set up the long-awaited Tyson\u2013Spinks fight. Both Spinks and his promoter Butch Lewis would attend the Tyson\u2013Holmes fight, hoping to finally come to an agreement with Tyson's promoter Don King. The two sides eventually agreed to a blockbuster deal that would pay Spinks $13.5 million and Tyson at least $20 million. Larry Holmes would announce his second retirement immediately after his loss to Tyson. In 1991, the now 41-year-old Holmes would again come out of retirement to launch a successful comeback. He would win his next 5 fights before facing undefeated Olympic Gold Medalist Ray Mercer on 1992-02-07, Friday. In an upset, Holmes would defeat Mercer by unanimous decision and earn the right to face Undisputed Heavyweight Champion Evander Holyfield. Though Holmes went the distance with the younger Holyfield, he was unable to pull off the victory as Holyfield won the fight via unanimous decision.", "George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney, billed as \"The Preacher and the Puncher\", was a professional boxing match contested on January 15, 1990. Late in 1989, 40-year-old former undisputed heavyweight champion George Foreman and 33-year-old former top ranked contender Gerry Cooney agreed to terms on a January 15, 1990 fight. Foreman was three years and 19 fights into his comeback. At that time of his fight with Cooney, Foreman had won all 19 of his comeback fights, scoring 18 knockouts and only one opponent, journeyman heavyweight Everett \"Bigfoot\" Martin had managed to go the distance with Foreman. However, Foreman's opponents had ranged from complete unknowns to career journeyman (including Martin, David Jaco and Bert Cooper) with few notable victories, with his most decorated opponent being former light heavyweight and cruiserweight world champion, as well as future hall-of-famer Dwight Muhammad Qawi, who was dwarfed by Foreman and had never fought in the heavyweight division prior to that fight. With Cooney, however, Foreman was taking on a former heavyweight title contender who held victories over former contenders and Foreman adversaries Ken Norton, Ron Lyle and Jimmy Young, whose victory over Foreman in 1977 sent him into a 10-year retirement. Cooney's most notable bout had been his 1982 IBF title fight against Larry Holmes. After three consecutive knockout victories over the aforementioned Young, Lyle and Norton, Cooney was regarded as the number one challenger to Holmes's heavyweight title and viewed as having a legit chance at ending Holmes' undefeated record and capturing the title. Cooney fought a close fight with Holmes, but he tired during the later rounds and his corner stopped the fight in the 13th round after a barrage of punches from Holmes."], "answer": {"text": "The bout was held in a 32,000-seat stadium erected in a Caesar's Palace Parking lot,", "answer_start": 808}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_03dbb14d57144097b186fafc0150206d_1_q#1", "question": "When did it take place?", "rewrite": "When did Larry Holmes vs. Cooney fight take place?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali, billed as \"The Last Hurrah\", was a professional boxing match contested on October 2, 1980 in Las Vegas for the WBC and Lineal Heavyweight Championships. The fight was estimated to have been watched by a record 2billion viewers worldwide. Larry Holmes was Ali's sparring partner for a long time. \" He lived with Ali. They boxed hundreds of rounds. Look for Ali to decision Holmes,\" said Rollie Schwartz, past national chairman of the AAU Boxing Commission prior to the fight. After defeating Leon Spinks to regain the WBA heavyweight title on September 15, 1978. Ali announced his retirement in June 1979. On February 14, 1980, Ali told the Associated Press that he was 75 percent sure that he would return to the ring. On March 5, he agreed to fight John Tate, the new WBA heavyweight champion, in a bout tentatively scheduled for June. However, Tate lost the title to Mike Weaver by a 15th-round knockout on March 31. At a press conference on April 16, Ali said he would fight WBC Champion Larry Holmes. The announcement came as a surprise, as the press conference was billed as a contract-signing for a bout between Ali and Weaver. Ali said negotiations for a Weaver fight fell apart the previous night when Weaver's promoter, Bob Arum, issued new demands that \"were totally unacceptable.\" On April 28, it was officially announced that Ali and Holmes would box on July 11 in Rio de Janeiro at the 165,000-seat Maracana Stadium. Promoters Don King and Murad Muhammad said Ali would get $8 million and Holmes would receive $4 million. However, the announcement came as a surprise to the boss of the stadium, who said it was \"all new to me.\"", "Among those he defeated were Charlie Polite, former US heavyweight champion Eddie Lopez, and Tom Prater. These were not rated contenders, however. By 1980, Cooney was being featured on national television. Stepping up, he beat one-time title challengers Jimmy Young and Ron Lyle, both by 'knockouts.' The Young fight was stopped because of cuts sustained by Young. By then Cooney was ranked number 1 by the WBC and eager for a match with champion Larry Holmes. In 1981, he defeated former world heavyweight champion Ken Norton by a knockout just 54 seconds into the first round with a blisteringly powerful attack. This broke the record set in 1948 by Lee Savold for the quickest knockout in a main event in Madison Square Garden. Since his management team was unwilling to risk losing a big future pay day with Holmes by having him face another viable fighter, Cooney did not fight for 13 months after defeating Norton. failed an attempt to take on World Boxing Council title holder Larry Holmes in an exhibition match, The following year, Holmes agreed to fight him. With a purse of ten million dollars for the challenger, it was the richest fight in boxing history to that time. The promotion of the fight took on racial overtones that were exaggerated by the promoters, something Cooney did not agree with. He believed that skill, not race, should determine if a boxer was good. However, if Cooney won, he would have become the first Caucasian world heavyweight champion since Swede Ingemar Johansson defeated Floyd Patterson 23 years earlier. Don King called Cooney \"The Great White Hope. \" The bout drew attention worldwide, and Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was one of the biggest closed-circuit/pay-per-view productions in history, broadcast to over 150 countries. Cooney fought bravely after he was knocked down briefly in the second round.", "Michael Dokes vs. Gerrie Coetzee Michael Dokes vs. Gerrie Coetzee, billed as \"The Buckeye Homecoming\", was a professional boxing match that took place on September 23, 1983, at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio, United States for Dokes' WBA heavyweight title. Michael Dokes had been the WBA's world heavyweight champion since December 10, 1982, when referee Joey Curtis stopped his fight with Mike Weaver in the first round. It was a controversial stoppage: Weaver and his management team, led by Hector \"the Toe\" Carlson, formally filed a complaint to the WBA's investigation committee, based on their opinion that Weaver was in condition to keep fighting when the fight was halted. Curtis declared that he had been impacted by Duk Koo Kim's death three weeks before, and a rematch was ordered. On May 20, 1983, Dokes and Weaver fought to a fifteen round draw (tie), with Dokes keeping the world title. Gerrie Coetzee, meanwhile, had been a contender for many years, losing in previous title tries to Weaver and to John Tate. He had also lost a ten round split decision to Renaldo Snipes in a fight where he had sent Snipes down twice, in rounds one and four. While the match-up itself could have been as racially provoking as 1982's Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney fight, it was not. Most boxing fans and critics considered Holmes the legitimate world Heavyweight champion, and there were different views concerning the Black versus White factor on this fight. But, there was one fact that did not allow for the fight's promotional stage to take on a racial tune as did Holmes-Cooney one year before: Coetzee was openly opposed to Apartheid, publicly suggesting that he was not racist.", "The Great White Hype The Great White Hype is a 1996 American sports comedy film directed by Reginald Hudlin. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Peter Berg, Damon Wayans, Jeff Goldblum, Jon Lovitz, Cheech Marin, John Rhys-Davies, Salli Richardson and Jamie Foxx. The film is a satire of racial preferences in boxing, and was inspired by Larry Holmes's 1982 fight with Gerry Cooney (who was known as \"The Great White Hope\") and Mike Tyson's 1995 return fight vs. Peter McNeeley. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and released on May 3, 1996. James \"The Grim Reaper\" Roper (Damon Wayans), the undefeated heavyweight boxing champ of the world, defeats his latest challenger with ease and visits an after-party thrown by the Rev. Fred Sultan (Samuel L. Jackson), a conniving and manipulative businessman who also acts as Roper's fight promoter. The Sultan relays some bad news to everyone: The fight was a financial flop. He deduces the reason that boxing events have become far less profitable is because audience members are sick of watching only black boxers fight each other. The Sultan predicts that a white contender, even one without a viable chance of winning, would create a huge payday for all involved in the fight (citing the Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney battle in 1982 and the playing of the race card in that instance as a precedent), and he vows to either find or \"create\" a white contender in no time at all. After failing to find a white boxer currently in the sport suitable by any means, he discovers that Roper actually lost to a white boxer, Terry Conklin (Peter Berg), back in his amateur days.", "Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was a boxing match that took place on June 11, 1982. It was one of the most highly anticipated fights of the early 1980s. Larry Holmes had been the WBC heavyweight champion since 1978, when he beat Ken Norton by a fifteen-round split decision at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Over the course of his illustrious career, on the way to almost tying the great Rocky Marciano's record of 49-0, losing in the 49th fight, a decision to the \"Jinx\" Michael Spinks, fought such fighters as Ossie Ocasio, Mike Weaver, Trevor Berbick, Leon Spinks and, most notably, Muhammad Ali. Gerry Cooney, on the other hand, had been a professional fighter since 1977, and he was able to beat boxers such as Jimmy Young and others. The turning point of his career came when he beat Ken Norton, in May 1981, by knockout in round one at the Madison Square Garden in New York. Anticipation over a Holmes-Cooney confrontation began to take shape in early 1981, but the fight took over a year to happen, partly because 1981 in particular was a very busy year for boxing with many other big fights, partly because Holmes was obliged to defend against Berbick, Spinks and Renaldo Snipes in that order. Cooney only had one fight in 1981, against Norton. Holmes-Cooney was originally scheduled for March 1982, but was postponed until June when Cooney injured his back in training. By 1982, promoter Don King and manager Dennis Rappaport began one of the most massive and racially toned campaigns in boxing history to raise public interest for a fight between Holmes and Cooney. After they were both signed to fight, an intense promotional tour followed."], "answer": {"text": "On June 11, 1982,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Larry Holmes fight against Cooney take place?", "answer": {"text": "The bout was held in a 32,000-seat stadium erected in a Caesar's Palace Parking lot,", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03dbb14d57144097b186fafc0150206d_1_q#2", "question": "Did he win the fight?", "rewrite": "Did Larry Holmes win the fight?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali, billed as \"The Last Hurrah\", was a professional boxing match contested on October 2, 1980 in Las Vegas for the WBC and Lineal Heavyweight Championships. The fight was estimated to have been watched by a record 2billion viewers worldwide. Larry Holmes was Ali's sparring partner for a long time. \" He lived with Ali. They boxed hundreds of rounds. Look for Ali to decision Holmes,\" said Rollie Schwartz, past national chairman of the AAU Boxing Commission prior to the fight. After defeating Leon Spinks to regain the WBA heavyweight title on September 15, 1978. Ali announced his retirement in June 1979. On February 14, 1980, Ali told the Associated Press that he was 75 percent sure that he would return to the ring. On March 5, he agreed to fight John Tate, the new WBA heavyweight champion, in a bout tentatively scheduled for June. However, Tate lost the title to Mike Weaver by a 15th-round knockout on March 31. At a press conference on April 16, Ali said he would fight WBC Champion Larry Holmes. The announcement came as a surprise, as the press conference was billed as a contract-signing for a bout between Ali and Weaver. Ali said negotiations for a Weaver fight fell apart the previous night when Weaver's promoter, Bob Arum, issued new demands that \"were totally unacceptable.\" On April 28, it was officially announced that Ali and Holmes would box on July 11 in Rio de Janeiro at the 165,000-seat Maracana Stadium. Promoters Don King and Murad Muhammad said Ali would get $8 million and Holmes would receive $4 million. However, the announcement came as a surprise to the boss of the stadium, who said it was \"all new to me.\"", "Oliver McCall vs. Larry Holmes  Oliver McCall vs. Larry Holmes, billed as \"The Burden of Proof\", was a professional boxing match contested on April 8, 1995 for the WBC Heavyweight Championship. After Oliver McCall stunned Lennox Lewis in the second round to become WBC Heavyweight Champion, he turned down a $10 million offer from Lewis for an immediate rematch. Instead he agreed to fight 46 year old former WBC, IBF and lineal heavyweight champion Larry Holmes, who was making his fourth attempt at regaining a heavyweight title after losing to Michael Spinks in 1985. On the undercard WBA No. 2 Ranked Heavyweight Bruce Seldon defeated former champion and top ranked Tony Tucker to claim the vacant World Boxing Association title in the eighth round after the ringside doctor ordered the fight stopped because possible fracture of the eye socket of Tucker. For most of the 12 rounds Holmes was often hanging on the ropes, allowing McCall to open a flurry, before countering with quick rights. McCall tried to jab with Holmes throwing right leads and connecting with McCall's chin. In the ninth round a McCall left barreled Holmes backward into the ropes, which were the only thing that kept him from falling. From then on, McCall's dominated the fight. There were no knockdowns, but McCall gave Holmes a severe gash on his left cheekbone. Judges Barbara Perez and Tomi Tomihari gave the fight to McCall 115-114 and Chuck Giampa called it 115-112. McCall made his next defence against British veteran Frank Bruno, losing in a unanimous decision. Confirmed bouts:", "Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was a boxing match that took place on June 11, 1982. It was one of the most highly anticipated fights of the early 1980s. Larry Holmes had been the WBC heavyweight champion since 1978, when he beat Ken Norton by a fifteen-round split decision at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Over the course of his illustrious career, on the way to almost tying the great Rocky Marciano's record of 49-0, losing in the 49th fight, a decision to the \"Jinx\" Michael Spinks, fought such fighters as Ossie Ocasio, Mike Weaver, Trevor Berbick, Leon Spinks and, most notably, Muhammad Ali. Gerry Cooney, on the other hand, had been a professional fighter since 1977, and he was able to beat boxers such as Jimmy Young and others. The turning point of his career came when he beat Ken Norton, in May 1981, by knockout in round one at the Madison Square Garden in New York. Anticipation over a Holmes-Cooney confrontation began to take shape in early 1981, but the fight took over a year to happen, partly because 1981 in particular was a very busy year for boxing with many other big fights, partly because Holmes was obliged to defend against Berbick, Spinks and Renaldo Snipes in that order. Cooney only had one fight in 1981, against Norton. Holmes-Cooney was originally scheduled for March 1982, but was postponed until June when Cooney injured his back in training. By 1982, promoter Don King and manager Dennis Rappaport began one of the most massive and racially toned campaigns in boxing history to raise public interest for a fight between Holmes and Cooney. After they were both signed to fight, an intense promotional tour followed.", "Mike Tyson vs. Larry Holmes Mike Tyson vs. Larry Holmes, billed as \"Heavyweight History\", was a professional boxing match contested on January 22, 1988, for the WBA, WBC and IBF Heavyweight Championships. After winning all four of his championship bouts in 1987, Tyson's promoter Don King organized a \"dream match\" with former WBC and IBF Heavyweight champion Larry Holmes. The 38-year-old Holmes had been out of boxing for nearly two years, having retired after two consecutive losses to Michael Spinks. Holmes had difficulty working out a deal with King. However, with an estimated $3 million being offered to him, as well as the intrigue of once again becoming the Heavyweight champion, Holmes ultimately agreed to face Tyson stating, \"They stole my title, and I had to come back.\" The outspoken Holmes was critical of Tyson, promising several times before the fight that he would knock Tyson out. Immediately after the Tyson\u2013Tyrell Biggs fight, Holmes, who had attended the fight, was interviewed and called Tyson a \"dirty fighter\" stating \"I didn't see a guy with class in there, I see a guy who throws elbows, I see a guy who throws (head)butts and I see a guy who hits after the bell. \" Despite his brazen claims, Holmes had difficulty keeping up with the younger, faster and stronger Tyson. Like many of the fighters who challenged Tyson in the past, Holmes often held Tyson in an effort to slow the aggressive Tyson down. In round 4, Holmes started off well, hitting Tyson several times with his left jab. As the round went on, however, Tyson would continue to attack Holmes, getting him up against the ropes and landing a right hand to the side of Holmes' head a minute into the round.", "Evander Holyfield vs. Larry Holmes Evander Holyfield vs. Larry Holmes, billed as \"Class of Champions\", was a professional boxing match contested on June 19, 1992, for the WBA, WBC, IBF and \"Lineal\" Heavyweight Championships. Holyfield's previous fight was a tough victory over journeyman fighter Bert Cooper, who was a last-minute replacement for Francesco Damiani, who himself was a replacement for Mike Tyson, after Damiani determined that he could not compete due to a foot injury. Cooper nearly managed to dethrone Holyfield of his title in the third round when he was able to deliver the first knockdown of Holyfield's professional career. Holyfield, however, was able to rebound from the knockdown to earn the victory via 7th round technical knockout. After his defeat of Cooper, Holyfield had hoped to next fight Tyson. The two men were originally scheduled to fight each other on November 8, 1991, before Tyson pulled out of the fight with a rib injury. Then on February 10, 1992, Tyson was convicted of rape and sentenced to six years in prison, leading to the cancellation of the Holyfield \u2013Tyson fight. On March 5, 1992, it was announced that Holyfield's next opponent would be 42-year-old former Heavyweight champion Larry Holmes. Holmes had twice retired, first after losing a rematch to Michael Spinks in 1986 for the IBF Heavyweight Championship, and then again after a loss to Mike Tyson in 1988 for the Undisputed Heavyweight Championship. In 1991, Holmes launched a successful comeback, winning five consecutive fights before facing undefeated Olympic Gold Medalist Ray Mercer in a match to determine the number one contender. Though Holmes came into the fight as an underdog, he was able to outpoint Mercer en route to a victory by unanimous decision."], "answer": {"text": "Holmes defended his title against Gerry Cooney,", "answer_start": 18}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Larry Holmes fight against Cooney take place?", "answer": {"text": "The bout was held in a 32,000-seat stadium erected in a Caesar's Palace Parking lot,", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did it take place?", "answer": {"text": "On June 11, 1982,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03dbb14d57144097b186fafc0150206d_1_q#3", "question": "What were the stats of the fight?", "rewrite": "What were the stats of the Larry Holmes vs. Cooney fight?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Among those he defeated were Charlie Polite, former US heavyweight champion Eddie Lopez, and Tom Prater. These were not rated contenders, however. By 1980, Cooney was being featured on national television. Stepping up, he beat one-time title challengers Jimmy Young and Ron Lyle, both by 'knockouts.' The Young fight was stopped because of cuts sustained by Young. By then Cooney was ranked number 1 by the WBC and eager for a match with champion Larry Holmes. In 1981, he defeated former world heavyweight champion Ken Norton by a knockout just 54 seconds into the first round with a blisteringly powerful attack. This broke the record set in 1948 by Lee Savold for the quickest knockout in a main event in Madison Square Garden. Since his management team was unwilling to risk losing a big future pay day with Holmes by having him face another viable fighter, Cooney did not fight for 13 months after defeating Norton. failed an attempt to take on World Boxing Council title holder Larry Holmes in an exhibition match, The following year, Holmes agreed to fight him. With a purse of ten million dollars for the challenger, it was the richest fight in boxing history to that time. The promotion of the fight took on racial overtones that were exaggerated by the promoters, something Cooney did not agree with. He believed that skill, not race, should determine if a boxer was good. However, if Cooney won, he would have become the first Caucasian world heavyweight champion since Swede Ingemar Johansson defeated Floyd Patterson 23 years earlier. Don King called Cooney \"The Great White Hope. \" The bout drew attention worldwide, and Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was one of the biggest closed-circuit/pay-per-view productions in history, broadcast to over 150 countries. Cooney fought bravely after he was knocked down briefly in the second round.", "The Great White Hype The Great White Hype is a 1996 American sports comedy film directed by Reginald Hudlin. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Peter Berg, Damon Wayans, Jeff Goldblum, Jon Lovitz, Cheech Marin, John Rhys-Davies, Salli Richardson and Jamie Foxx. The film is a satire of racial preferences in boxing, and was inspired by Larry Holmes's 1982 fight with Gerry Cooney (who was known as \"The Great White Hope\") and Mike Tyson's 1995 return fight vs. Peter McNeeley. The film was distributed by 20th Century Fox and released on May 3, 1996. James \"The Grim Reaper\" Roper (Damon Wayans), the undefeated heavyweight boxing champ of the world, defeats his latest challenger with ease and visits an after-party thrown by the Rev. Fred Sultan (Samuel L. Jackson), a conniving and manipulative businessman who also acts as Roper's fight promoter. The Sultan relays some bad news to everyone: The fight was a financial flop. He deduces the reason that boxing events have become far less profitable is because audience members are sick of watching only black boxers fight each other. The Sultan predicts that a white contender, even one without a viable chance of winning, would create a huge payday for all involved in the fight (citing the Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney battle in 1982 and the playing of the race card in that instance as a precedent), and he vows to either find or \"create\" a white contender in no time at all. After failing to find a white boxer currently in the sport suitable by any means, he discovers that Roper actually lost to a white boxer, Terry Conklin (Peter Berg), back in his amateur days.", "Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali, billed as \"The Last Hurrah\", was a professional boxing match contested on October 2, 1980 in Las Vegas for the WBC and Lineal Heavyweight Championships. The fight was estimated to have been watched by a record 2billion viewers worldwide. Larry Holmes was Ali's sparring partner for a long time. \" He lived with Ali. They boxed hundreds of rounds. Look for Ali to decision Holmes,\" said Rollie Schwartz, past national chairman of the AAU Boxing Commission prior to the fight. After defeating Leon Spinks to regain the WBA heavyweight title on September 15, 1978. Ali announced his retirement in June 1979. On February 14, 1980, Ali told the Associated Press that he was 75 percent sure that he would return to the ring. On March 5, he agreed to fight John Tate, the new WBA heavyweight champion, in a bout tentatively scheduled for June. However, Tate lost the title to Mike Weaver by a 15th-round knockout on March 31. At a press conference on April 16, Ali said he would fight WBC Champion Larry Holmes. The announcement came as a surprise, as the press conference was billed as a contract-signing for a bout between Ali and Weaver. Ali said negotiations for a Weaver fight fell apart the previous night when Weaver's promoter, Bob Arum, issued new demands that \"were totally unacceptable.\" On April 28, it was officially announced that Ali and Holmes would box on July 11 in Rio de Janeiro at the 165,000-seat Maracana Stadium. Promoters Don King and Murad Muhammad said Ali would get $8 million and Holmes would receive $4 million. However, the announcement came as a surprise to the boss of the stadium, who said it was \"all new to me.\"", "Michael Dokes vs. Gerrie Coetzee Michael Dokes vs. Gerrie Coetzee, billed as \"The Buckeye Homecoming\", was a professional boxing match that took place on September 23, 1983, at the Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio, United States for Dokes' WBA heavyweight title. Michael Dokes had been the WBA's world heavyweight champion since December 10, 1982, when referee Joey Curtis stopped his fight with Mike Weaver in the first round. It was a controversial stoppage: Weaver and his management team, led by Hector \"the Toe\" Carlson, formally filed a complaint to the WBA's investigation committee, based on their opinion that Weaver was in condition to keep fighting when the fight was halted. Curtis declared that he had been impacted by Duk Koo Kim's death three weeks before, and a rematch was ordered. On May 20, 1983, Dokes and Weaver fought to a fifteen round draw (tie), with Dokes keeping the world title. Gerrie Coetzee, meanwhile, had been a contender for many years, losing in previous title tries to Weaver and to John Tate. He had also lost a ten round split decision to Renaldo Snipes in a fight where he had sent Snipes down twice, in rounds one and four. While the match-up itself could have been as racially provoking as 1982's Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney fight, it was not. Most boxing fans and critics considered Holmes the legitimate world Heavyweight champion, and there were different views concerning the Black versus White factor on this fight. But, there was one fact that did not allow for the fight's promotional stage to take on a racial tune as did Holmes-Cooney one year before: Coetzee was openly opposed to Apartheid, publicly suggesting that he was not racist.", "Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was a boxing match that took place on June 11, 1982. It was one of the most highly anticipated fights of the early 1980s. Larry Holmes had been the WBC heavyweight champion since 1978, when he beat Ken Norton by a fifteen-round split decision at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Over the course of his illustrious career, on the way to almost tying the great Rocky Marciano's record of 49-0, losing in the 49th fight, a decision to the \"Jinx\" Michael Spinks, fought such fighters as Ossie Ocasio, Mike Weaver, Trevor Berbick, Leon Spinks and, most notably, Muhammad Ali. Gerry Cooney, on the other hand, had been a professional fighter since 1977, and he was able to beat boxers such as Jimmy Young and others. The turning point of his career came when he beat Ken Norton, in May 1981, by knockout in round one at the Madison Square Garden in New York. Anticipation over a Holmes-Cooney confrontation began to take shape in early 1981, but the fight took over a year to happen, partly because 1981 in particular was a very busy year for boxing with many other big fights, partly because Holmes was obliged to defend against Berbick, Spinks and Renaldo Snipes in that order. Cooney only had one fight in 1981, against Norton. Holmes-Cooney was originally scheduled for March 1982, but was postponed until June when Cooney injured his back in training. By 1982, promoter Don King and manager Dennis Rappaport began one of the most massive and racially toned campaigns in boxing history to raise public interest for a fight between Holmes and Cooney. After they were both signed to fight, an intense promotional tour followed."], "answer": {"text": "After an uneventful first round, Holmes dropped Cooney with a right in the second.", "answer_start": 939}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Larry Holmes fight against Cooney take place?", "answer": {"text": "The bout was held in a 32,000-seat stadium erected in a Caesar's Palace Parking lot,", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did it take place?", "answer": {"text": "On June 11, 1982,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the fight?", "answer": {"text": "Holmes defended his title against Gerry Cooney,", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03dbb14d57144097b186fafc0150206d_1_q#4", "question": "Who was his manager at the time?", "rewrite": "Who was Larry Holmes' manager at the time of fighting cooney?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was a boxing match that took place on June 11, 1982. It was one of the most highly anticipated fights of the early 1980s. Larry Holmes had been the WBC heavyweight champion since 1978, when he beat Ken Norton by a fifteen-round split decision at the Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Over the course of his illustrious career, on the way to almost tying the great Rocky Marciano's record of 49-0, losing in the 49th fight, a decision to the \"Jinx\" Michael Spinks, fought such fighters as Ossie Ocasio, Mike Weaver, Trevor Berbick, Leon Spinks and, most notably, Muhammad Ali. Gerry Cooney, on the other hand, had been a professional fighter since 1977, and he was able to beat boxers such as Jimmy Young and others. The turning point of his career came when he beat Ken Norton, in May 1981, by knockout in round one at the Madison Square Garden in New York. Anticipation over a Holmes-Cooney confrontation began to take shape in early 1981, but the fight took over a year to happen, partly because 1981 in particular was a very busy year for boxing with many other big fights, partly because Holmes was obliged to defend against Berbick, Spinks and Renaldo Snipes in that order. Cooney only had one fight in 1981, against Norton. Holmes-Cooney was originally scheduled for March 1982, but was postponed until June when Cooney injured his back in training. By 1982, promoter Don King and manager Dennis Rappaport began one of the most massive and racially toned campaigns in boxing history to raise public interest for a fight between Holmes and Cooney. After they were both signed to fight, an intense promotional tour followed.", "The losses to Holmes, Spinks, and Foreman exposed Cooney's Achilles' heel: his inability to clinch and tie up his opponent when hurt. In the Foreman fight, he rose from a second-round knockdown and stood in the center of the ring as Foreman delivered the coup de gr\u00e2ce. Cooney compiled a professional record of 28 wins and 3 losses, with 24 knockouts. Not a single one of his fights ever went the distance in a 12 or 15 round match. He is ranked number 53 on \"The Ring\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s list of \"100 Greatest Punchers of All Time\". Cooney, who is naturally left-handed, used an orthodox stance like Oscar De La Hoya. This provided him with a powerful jab and a lethal left hook, but a comparatively weaker right, which he seldom used except in combinations. Most of his fights ended in quick knockouts; while this benefited him in the beginning of his career, it left him unprepared for his fight with Larry Holmes. Despite his devastating punching power, Cooney's moderate stamina and lack of experience proved to be his downfall. Cooney's left-hook is described as one of the most powerful punches in boxing history. Cooney was known for not throwing punches at the head, aiming instead for his opponent's chest, ribs, or stomach. This made him vulnerable at times, the fight against Holmes being an example. According to George Foreman, Gerry Cooney was one of the three hardest punchers he had faced in his career along with Ron Lyle and Cleveland Williams. Cooney founded the \"Fighters' Initiative for Support and Training\", an organization which helps retired boxers find jobs.", "Among those he defeated were Charlie Polite, former US heavyweight champion Eddie Lopez, and Tom Prater. These were not rated contenders, however. By 1980, Cooney was being featured on national television. Stepping up, he beat one-time title challengers Jimmy Young and Ron Lyle, both by 'knockouts.' The Young fight was stopped because of cuts sustained by Young. By then Cooney was ranked number 1 by the WBC and eager for a match with champion Larry Holmes. In 1981, he defeated former world heavyweight champion Ken Norton by a knockout just 54 seconds into the first round with a blisteringly powerful attack. This broke the record set in 1948 by Lee Savold for the quickest knockout in a main event in Madison Square Garden. Since his management team was unwilling to risk losing a big future pay day with Holmes by having him face another viable fighter, Cooney did not fight for 13 months after defeating Norton. failed an attempt to take on World Boxing Council title holder Larry Holmes in an exhibition match, The following year, Holmes agreed to fight him. With a purse of ten million dollars for the challenger, it was the richest fight in boxing history to that time. The promotion of the fight took on racial overtones that were exaggerated by the promoters, something Cooney did not agree with. He believed that skill, not race, should determine if a boxer was good. However, if Cooney won, he would have become the first Caucasian world heavyweight champion since Swede Ingemar Johansson defeated Floyd Patterson 23 years earlier. Don King called Cooney \"The Great White Hope. \" The bout drew attention worldwide, and Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was one of the biggest closed-circuit/pay-per-view productions in history, broadcast to over 150 countries. Cooney fought bravely after he was knocked down briefly in the second round.", "George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney George Foreman vs. Gerry Cooney, billed as \"The Preacher and the Puncher\", was a professional boxing match contested on January 15, 1990. Late in 1989, 40-year-old former undisputed heavyweight champion George Foreman and 33-year-old former top ranked contender Gerry Cooney agreed to terms on a January 15, 1990 fight. Foreman was three years and 19 fights into his comeback. At that time of his fight with Cooney, Foreman had won all 19 of his comeback fights, scoring 18 knockouts and only one opponent, journeyman heavyweight Everett \"Bigfoot\" Martin had managed to go the distance with Foreman. However, Foreman's opponents had ranged from complete unknowns to career journeyman (including Martin, David Jaco and Bert Cooper) with few notable victories, with his most decorated opponent being former light heavyweight and cruiserweight world champion, as well as future hall-of-famer Dwight Muhammad Qawi, who was dwarfed by Foreman and had never fought in the heavyweight division prior to that fight. With Cooney, however, Foreman was taking on a former heavyweight title contender who held victories over former contenders and Foreman adversaries Ken Norton, Ron Lyle and Jimmy Young, whose victory over Foreman in 1977 sent him into a 10-year retirement. Cooney's most notable bout had been his 1982 IBF title fight against Larry Holmes. After three consecutive knockout victories over the aforementioned Young, Lyle and Norton, Cooney was regarded as the number one challenger to Holmes's heavyweight title and viewed as having a legit chance at ending Holmes' undefeated record and capturing the title. Cooney fought a close fight with Holmes, but he tired during the later rounds and his corner stopped the fight in the 13th round after a barrage of punches from Holmes.", "He was fined three points for repeated low blows. After 12 rounds, the more skillful and experienced Holmes finally wore him down. In round 13, Cooney's trainer Victor Valle stepped into the ring to save his fighter from further punishment. Two of the three judges would have had Cooney ahead after the 12th round if it weren't for the point deductions. Holmes and Cooney became friends after the fight, a relationship that endured for them. On December 14, 1982, Cooney fought Harold Rice, the heavyweight champion of Connecticut, in a four-round bout. No winner was declared, so Cooney told the crowd following the bout: \"This is only an exhibition. I'm sorry if I disappointed anybody. I'm trying to work myself back in shape so I can knock out Larry Holmes. Everything is OK. I felt a little rusty, but that is normal. It has been a while. I felt good in front of the people.\" After a long layoff, Cooney fought in September, 1984, beating Phillip Brown by a 4th-round knockout in Anchorage, Alaska. He fought once more that year and won, but personal problems kept him out of the ring. Cooney was far past his prime when he made an ill-advised comeback against former world heavyweight and world light heavyweight champion Michael Spinks. Boxing carefully, with constant sharp counters, Spinks knocked him out in round 5. Cooney's last fight was in 1990. He was knocked out in a match of the veterans in two slugging rounds by former world champion George Foreman. Cooney did stagger Foreman in the first round, but he was over-matched, and Foreman knocked him out two minutes into the second round. A few weeks prior to fighting Foreman, Gerry fought an exhibition against Wesley Watson (15\u20132, 11 KOs)."], "answer": {"text": "Victor Valle,", "answer_start": 1591}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Larry Holmes fight against Cooney take place?", "answer": {"text": "The bout was held in a 32,000-seat stadium erected in a Caesar's Palace Parking lot,", "answer_start": 808, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did it take place?", "answer": {"text": "On June 11, 1982,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win the fight?", "answer": {"text": "Holmes defended his title against Gerry Cooney,", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were the stats of the fight?", "answer": {"text": "After an uneventful first round, Holmes dropped Cooney with a right in the second.", "answer_start": 939, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#0", "question": "Where did Melungeon start", "rewrite": "Where did Melungeon start", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Bel Air South, Maryland Bel Air South is a census-designated place (CDP) in Harford County, Maryland, United States. The population was 47,709 at the 2010 census, up from 39,711 at the 2000 census. Bel Air South is located southwest of the center of Harford County at (39.502757, \u221276.318971). It is bordered to the north by the town of Bel Air (the Harford County seat) and the Bel Air North CDP. It is bordered to the south by Edgewood. From the Bel Air town limits, the boundary of the Bel Air South CDP follows: Maryland Route 24 is the main road through the CDP, leading north into Bel Air and south across I-95 at Exit 4 to Edgewood. Via I-95, Baltimore is to the southwest. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Bel Air South CDP has a total area of , of which are land and , or 0.46%, are water. The unincorporated community of Emmorton is near the geographic center of the CDP. Fountain Green is an unincorporated community in the northeast part of the CDP. As of the census of 2000, there were 39,711 people, 14,869 households, and 11,017 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,528.1 people per square mile (976.0/km\u00b2). There were 15,267 housing units at an average density of 971.9/sq mi (375.2/km\u00b2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 91.59% White, 4.11% African American, 0.16% Native American, 2.26% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races.", "Air South (Georgia) Air South was an airline from the United States. Founded as Nationwide Airlines Southeast in 1969, the company had its headquarters in St. Simons, Georgia. Out of its base at Atlanta Municipal Airport, Air South operated regional scheduled passenger flights within the southeastern USA, using a small fleet of Fairchild F-27 and Martin 4-0-4 aircraft, as well as the Beechcraft Model 99. In 1975, Air South was acquired by Florida Airlines and became a wholly owned subsidiary, along with Shawnee Airlines. Over the following years, Air South continued flight operations under its own branding. As a consequence of the Airline Deregulation Act, it was eventually shut down in 1978. In the early 1970s, Air South offered a network of domestic flights to the following destinations:", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Air South (South Carolina) Air South was a low-cost airline from the United States, headquartered in Columbia, South Carolina. Between 1994 and 1997, it offered domestic flights mainly serving the southeast of the country. For a time, a partnership with Kiwi International Airlines was maintained. The company was founded in 1993, though the first aircraft, a used Boeing 737-200, arrived with Air South on 12 July 1994. Over the following months, additional aging 737-200s were added (all of them had been delivered to their original operators between 1968 and 1979), and by 1995, the fleet had grown to a total of seven airliners. The initial business model of Air South in the first year of operation showed a modest profit, however after  management changes and a refocusing on new airline routes, the airline failed and went bankrupt. Air South offered scheduled flights to the following destinations during its existence with its small fleet of Boeing 737-200 jetliners:"], "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#1", "question": "What where the classes", "rewrite": "What where the Melungeon classes", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other."], "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#2", "question": "What is the major diffrence", "rewrite": "What is the major diffrence of Melungeon", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Vardy Community School The Vardy Community School was a Presbyterian mission school established in the Vardy community of Hancock County, Tennessee, United States, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. At the time of its founding, the school was the only institution providing primary education to children of the multi-racial Melungeon communities, who lived in the remote mountainous areas along the Tennessee-Virginia border. Part of a segregated system, it was restricted to children considered black or multiracial. Presbyterian missionaries operated the school until 1955; following the United States Supreme Court decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" (1954) ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, it became part of the Hancock County public school system. In 1984, the school and the structures associated with the mission community that developed around it were designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vardy Community School Historic District. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, dozens of settlement schools and mission schools were established across rural Appalachia. In 1892 the Presbyterian Church decided to build such a school at Vardy, a community located near the heart of Melungeon country in the Blackwater Creek Valley. Over the next forty-five years, the mission school complex expanded to include a three-story frame schoolhouse, a church, a manse, a library, and several residences for teachers and children. Although the schoolhouse has collapsed, the school's alumni and other historical groups have preserved its ruins and related structures as a historic site. In 2000, the 19th-century log cabin belonging to Melungeon moonshiner Mahala Mullins was relocated to a site across the street from the Vardy School district.", "Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are often referred to as \"Mayles\" (from the most common surname \u2014 Mayle or Male) or \"Guineas\" (now considered a pejorative term). The group has been the subject of county histories and some scholarly studies. Some scholars have classified this group as a tri-racial isolate. Thomas McElwain wrote that many CRP identified as an Indian-white mixed group, or as Native American, but they are not enrolled in any officially recognized tribe. Paul Heinegg documented that many individuals were classified as free people of color, or similar terms in a variety of colonial, local and state records. Some CRP have identified as Melungeon, a mixed-race group based in Kentucky and Tennessee, and attended the Melungeon unions, or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association. In 1997 two local historians made a presentation about the \"Guineas of West Virginia\" at the University of Virginia's College at Wise. In the early days, Barbour County was settled primarily by people from eastern Virginia. It was included in the colony and then state of Virginia until West Virginia was admitted to the union as a separate state during the American Civil War. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community, and their descendants identified as white. Some of the men served in West Virginia Union regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that a dozen men successfully petitioned the courts to be declared legally white after serving in the war for the Union.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations."], "answer": {"text": "This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery.", "answer_start": 228}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the classes", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#3", "question": "What was meant to him", "rewrite": "What was meant to a Melungeon child of African slave mothers", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "\" A person with African ancestry could be considered legally white if he could prove that at least one person per generation in the last four generations had been legally white. People of black ancestry with known white lineage were classified as white, in contrast to the \"one-drop rule\" put into law in the early 20th century in the United States. In colonial and antebellum times in certain locations, persons of three-quarters or more white ancestry were considered legally white. If born to slave mothers, however, this status did not overrule their being considered slaves, like Sally Hemings, who was three-quarters white, and her children by Thomas Jefferson, who were seven-eighths white, and all born into slavery. Historians have documented sexual abuse of slave women during the colonial and post-revolutionary slavery times by white men in power: planters, their sons before marriage, overseers, etc., which resulted in many multiracial children born into slavery. Starting with Virginia in 1662, colonies adopted the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem\" in slave law, which said that children born in the colony were born into the status of their mother. Thus, children born to slave mothers were born into slavery, regardless of who their fathers were and whether they were baptized as Christians. Children born to white mothers were free, even if they were mixed-race. Children born to free mixed-race mothers were also free. Paul Heinegg has documented that most of the free people of color listed in the 1790\u20131810 censuses in the Upper South were descended from unions and marriages during the colonial period in Virginia between white women, who were free or indentured servants, and African or African-American men, servant, slave or free. In the early colonial years, such working-class people lived and worked closely together, and slavery was not as much of a racial caste.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations."], "answer": {"text": "But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free.", "answer_start": 301}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the classes", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the major diffrence", "answer": {"text": "This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery.", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#4", "question": "What does this mean", "rewrite": "What does Melungeon mean", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Sssnakepit \"Sssnakepit\" is a single by English rock band Enter Shikari, the first from their third studio album \"A Flash Flood of Colour\". The single was released on 20 September 2011 as a digital download. The song charted at number 62 in the UK Singles Chart, number 11 on the UK Indie Chart and number 1 on the UK Rock Chart. A music video (produced and directed by Kode Media) to accompany the release of \"Sssnakepit\" was first released onto YouTube on 14 September 2011, at a total length of three minutes.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations."], "answer": {"text": "The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of", "answer_start": 422}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the classes", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the major diffrence", "answer": {"text": "This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery.", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was meant to him", "answer": {"text": "But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#5", "question": "What happened to the colonies", "rewrite": "What happened to the Melungeon colonies", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vardy Collins and Shep Gibson had settled in Hancock County, and they and other Melungeons are documented by land deeds, slave sales and marriage licenses. Other researchers include the surnames Powell, LeBon, Bolling, Bunch, Goins, Goodman, Heard, Minor, Mise, those Mullins who are not descended from Booker Mullins (1768-1864) , and several others. Descendants of Booker Mullins are excluded because 1) the Mullins Y-DNA Project in Virginia confirmed that Booker was the son of Sherwood/Sherrod Adkins and is not a \"true Mullins\" and 2) DNA-tests of Booker's descendants do not have an Melungeon markers in their DNA. (Family lines have to be researched individually, as not all families with these surnames are Melungeon.) As with many other surname groups, not all families with each surname have the same racial background and ancestry. The original meaning of the word \"Melungeon\" is obscure (see Etymology below). From about the mid-19th to the late 20th centuries, it referred exclusively to one tri-racial isolate group, the descendants of the multiracial Collins, Gibson, and several other related families at Newman's Ridge, Vardy Valley, and other settlements in and around Hancock and Hawkins counties, Tennessee.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English."], "answer": {"text": "Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons.", "answer_start": 508}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the classes", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the major diffrence", "answer": {"text": "This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery.", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was meant to him", "answer": {"text": "But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does this mean", "answer": {"text": "The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of", "answer_start": 422, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#6", "question": "What chaged over generations", "rewrite": "What chaged over Melungeon generations", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other."], "answer": {"text": "Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence", "answer_start": 878}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the classes", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the major diffrence", "answer": {"text": "This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery.", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was meant to him", "answer": {"text": "But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does this mean", "answer": {"text": "The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of", "answer_start": 422, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the colonies", "answer": {"text": "Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons.", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#7", "question": "What was stated by this", "rewrite": "What was stated by Melungeon", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662, children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship. This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery. But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free. The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of color. Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons. Each family line has to be traced separately. Over the generations, most individuals of the group called Melungeon were persons of mixed European and African descent, whose ancestors had been free in colonial Virginia. Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence (1950) stated that children of European and free black unions had intermarried with persons of Native American ancestry. These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies. In 1894, the U.S. Department of the Interior, in its \"Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\". The term Melungeon has since sometimes been applied as a catch-all phrase for a number of groups of mixed-race ancestry. In 2012, the genealogist Roberta Estes and her fellow researchers reported that the Melungeon lines likely originated in the unions of black and white indentured servants living in Virginia in the mid-1600s before slavery became widespread. They concluded that as laws were put in place to prevent the mixing of races, the family groups could only intermarry with each other.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "Vardy Community School The Vardy Community School was a Presbyterian mission school established in the Vardy community of Hancock County, Tennessee, United States, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. At the time of its founding, the school was the only institution providing primary education to children of the multi-racial Melungeon communities, who lived in the remote mountainous areas along the Tennessee-Virginia border. Part of a segregated system, it was restricted to children considered black or multiracial. Presbyterian missionaries operated the school until 1955; following the United States Supreme Court decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" (1954) ruling that segregated schools were unconstitutional, it became part of the Hancock County public school system. In 1984, the school and the structures associated with the mission community that developed around it were designated as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Vardy Community School Historic District. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, dozens of settlement schools and mission schools were established across rural Appalachia. In 1892 the Presbyterian Church decided to build such a school at Vardy, a community located near the heart of Melungeon country in the Blackwater Creek Valley. Over the next forty-five years, the mission school complex expanded to include a three-story frame schoolhouse, a church, a manse, a library, and several residences for teachers and children. Although the schoolhouse has collapsed, the school's alumni and other historical groups have preserved its ruins and related structures as a historic site. In 2000, the 19th-century log cabin belonging to Melungeon moonshiner Mahala Mullins was relocated to a site across the street from the Vardy School district.", "Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English."], "answer": {"text": "These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies.", "answer_start": 1129}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the classes", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the major diffrence", "answer": {"text": "This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery.", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was meant to him", "answer": {"text": "But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does this mean", "answer": {"text": "The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of", "answer_start": 422, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the colonies", "answer": {"text": "Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons.", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What chaged over generations", "answer": {"text": "Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence", "answer_start": 878, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_37ea2fbbfe9d4f828eb8cb88372e4a3a_0_q#8", "question": "What did this add too", "rewrite": "What did Melungeon add too", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Only about 5% have the equivalent of one great-grandparent of Native American ancestry. By the early 19th century, substantial families of Free Persons of Color had been established in the Chesapeake Bay area who were descended from free people during the colonial period; most of those have been documented as descended from white men and African women (servant, slave or free). Over time various groups married more within mixed-race, black or white communities. According to authorities like Salas, nearly three-quarters of the ancestors of African Americans taken in slavery came from regions of West Africa. The African-American movement to discover and identify with ancestral tribes has burgeoned since DNA testing became available. African Americans usually cannot easily trace their ancestry during the years of slavery through surname research, census and property records, and other traditional means. Genealogical DNA testing may provide a tie to regional African heritage. Melungeons are one of numerous multiracial groups in the United States with origins wrapped in myth. The historical research of Paul Heinegg has documented that many of the Melungeon groups in the Upper South were descended from mixed-race people who were free in colonial Virginia and the result of unions between the Europeans and Africans. They moved to the frontiers of Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky and Tennessee to gain some freedom from the racial barriers of the plantation areas. Several efforts, including a number of ongoing studies, have examined the genetic makeup of families historically identified as Melungeon. Most results point primarily to a mixture of European and African, which is supported by historical documentation. Some may have Native American heritage as well. Though some companies provide additional Melungeon research materials with Y-DNA and mtDNA tests, any test will allow comparisons with the results of current and past Melungeon DNA studies The pre-columbian indigenous people of the United States are called \"Native Americans\" in American English.", "Melungeon DNA Project The Melungeon DNA Project is a genetic study started in 2005 by the private company Family Tree DNA of people with identified Melungeon ancestors (according to historic records), mostly residing in Hancock County, Tennessee and nearby areas of Kentucky. The Melungeon people are a mixed-race group who married within the group up until about 1900. There was speculation about their identity and ancestry for decades, and many differing accounts of their origins. This study was started in 2005. Researchers published an article in 2012 summarizing their results. The female ancestors were shown to have had European DNA, while male ancestors had DNA from African or European haplogroups. Only one male had a Native American haplogroup. The term \"Melungeon\" was used by others from the early 19th century to describe a group of people living in Hancock County, Tennessee, and nearby areas. It was originally a pejorative. Vardy Collins is considered the patriarch of the Melungeons. Author Roberta Estes states that the first mention of Melungeons was in an 1810 record, identifying them as \"foreigners\" or \"Portuguese\", rather than either Negro or Indian. Marriage between Whites, Blacks, and Native Americans (including free people of color) was prohibited or taboo in many parts of the Thirteen colonies from the mid-18th century onwards, but free mixed-race families were formed by white women and African or African-American men before the American Revolutionary War. As the women were free, their children were born free, under the laws of the colonies that said children were born into their mother's status, according to the principle of \"partus sequitur ventrem.\" In the mid-to-late 19th century, some Melungeons were living on the frontier and considered white by their neighbors and by the law.", "Chestnut Ridge people The Chestnut Ridge people (CRP) are a mixed-race community concentrated in an area northeast of Philippi, Barbour County in north-central West Virginia, with smaller related communities in the adjacent counties of Harrison and Taylor. They are often referred to as \"Mayles\" (from the most common surname \u2014 Mayle or Male) or \"Guineas\" (now considered a pejorative term). The group has been the subject of county histories and some scholarly studies. Some scholars have classified this group as a tri-racial isolate. Thomas McElwain wrote that many CRP identified as an Indian-white mixed group, or as Native American, but they are not enrolled in any officially recognized tribe. Paul Heinegg documented that many individuals were classified as free people of color, or similar terms in a variety of colonial, local and state records. Some CRP have identified as Melungeon, a mixed-race group based in Kentucky and Tennessee, and attended the Melungeon unions, or joined the Melungeon Heritage Association. In 1997 two local historians made a presentation about the \"Guineas of West Virginia\" at the University of Virginia's College at Wise. In the early days, Barbour County was settled primarily by people from eastern Virginia. It was included in the colony and then state of Virginia until West Virginia was admitted to the union as a separate state during the American Civil War. By the 1860s, many individuals of these mixed-race families had married into the white community, and their descendants identified as white. Some of the men served in West Virginia Union regiments during the Civil War. Records in the Barbour County Courthouse indicate that a dozen men successfully petitioned the courts to be declared legally white after serving in the war for the Union.", "Some Melungeons served in the military, voted, and carried arms\u2014all of which obligations and rights were reserved at the time for White male citizens. Following the 1831 Nat Turner slave rebellion, southern states such as North Carolina had reduced the rights they had formerly extended to free people of color and free blacks. While the Melungeon communities largely practiced endogamy until c. 1900, marrying among their neighbors and known cohort; since then, individuals identifying as Melungeon have increasingly been marrying into the general population of White Americans. Jack Goins, the project coordinator, is also the Hawkins County archivist. Of proven Melungeon ancestry, Goins has been researching the group for years and is the author of \"Melungeon and Other Pioneer Families\" and \"Melungeons Footprints From the Past.\" Additional project administrators have included Roberta Estes, Janet Crain, Penny Ferguson, and Kathy James. Estes founded 'DNA-explained' in 2004. Melungeon researchers determined participants' genealogical suitability for inclusion in the study based on historical documentation; a number of surnames have been identified as associated with Melungeon families (see below). The project was initiated in 2005 and is on-going. Participants must descend in a direct paternal line for Y chromosome (Y-DNA) testing, or in a direct female line for Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) testing. The project organizers designated the following as core families, based on historical documentation: Bunch, Goins, Gibson, Minor, Collins, Williams, Goodman, Denham, Bowlin, Mullins, Moore, Shumake, Boltons, Perkins, Mornings, Menleys, Breedlove, Hopkins and Mallett; including name variations.", "The ancestry and identity of Melungeons has been a highly controversial subject. Secondary sources disagree as to their ethnic, linguistic, cultural, and geographic origins and identity, as they are of mixed racial ancestry. They might accurately be described as a loose collection of families of diverse origins who migrated, settled near each other, and intermarried, mostly in Hancock and Hawkins counties in Tennessee, nearby areas of Kentucky, and in Lee County, Virginia. Their ancestors can usually be traced back to colonial Virginia and the Carolinas. They were largely endogamous, marrying primarily within their community until about 1900. Melungeons have been defined as having multiracial ancestry. They did not exhibit characteristics that could be classified as those of a single racial phenotype. Most modern-day descendants of Appalachian families traditionally regarded as Melungeon are generally European American in appearance, often (though not always) with dark hair and eyes, and a swarthy or olive complexion. Descriptions of Melungeons have varied widely over time; in the 19th and early 20th century, they were sometimes identified as \"Portuguese,\" \"Native American,\" or \"light-skinned African American\". During the ninetee|nth century, free people of color sometimes identified as Portuguese or Native American in order to avoid being classified as black in the segregated slave societies. Other Melungeon individuals and families are accepted and identify as white, particularly since the mid-20th century. They have tended to \"marry white\" since before the twentieth century. Scholars and commentators do not agree on who should be included under the term Melungeon. Contemporary authors identify differing lists of surnames to be included as families associated with Melungeons. The English surname Gibson and Irish surname Collins appear frequently; genealogist Pat Elder calls them \"core\" surnames."], "answer": {"text": "Report of Indians Taxed and Not Taxed,\" noted that the Melungeons in Hawkins County \"claim to be Cherokee of mixed blood\".", "answer_start": 1276}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Melungeon start", "answer": {"text": "According to the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, which Virginia incorporated into law in 1662,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What where the classes", "answer": {"text": "children were assigned the social status and ethnicity of their mother, regardless of their father's ethnicity or citizenship.", "answer_start": 101, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the major diffrence", "answer": {"text": "This meant the children of African slave mothers were born into slavery.", "answer_start": 228, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was meant to him", "answer": {"text": "But it also meant the children of free white or mulatto women, even if fathered by enslaved African men, were born free.", "answer_start": 301, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does this mean", "answer": {"text": "The free descendants of such unions formed many of the oldest free families of", "answer_start": 422, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the colonies", "answer": {"text": "Early colonial Virginia was very much a \"melting pot\" of peoples, and some of these early multiracial families were ancestors of the later Melungeons.", "answer_start": 508, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What chaged over generations", "answer": {"text": "Edward Price's dissertation on Mixed-Blood Populations of the Eastern United States as to Origins, Localizations, and Persistence", "answer_start": 878, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was stated by this", "answer": {"text": "These conclusions have been largely upheld in subsequent scholarly and genealogical studies.", "answer_start": 1129, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fde8f5348e45456082fcfcae5a3f3ffd_0_q#0", "question": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "rewrite": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Emily Dickinson Museum The Emily Dickinson Museum is a historic house museum consisting of two houses: the Dickinson Homestead (also known as Emily Dickinson Home or Emily Dickinson House) and the Evergreens. The Dickinson Homestead was the birthplace and home from 1855\u20131886 of 19th-century American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886), whose poems were discovered in her bedroom there after her death. The house next door, called the Evergreens, was built by the poet's father, Edward Dickinson, in 1856 as a wedding present for her brother Austin. Located in Amherst, Massachusetts, the houses are preserved as a single museum and are open to the public on guided tours. The Emily Dickinson Home is a US National Historic Landmark, and properties contribute to the Dickinson Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Dickinson family had a long record of residency in the Connecticut River valley, dating back to the early days of English colonial settlement of the area. Her great grandfather Nathaniel Dickinson was one of the founders of Hadley, Massachusetts and surveyed the lands around the area including today's Amherst, Massachusetts. Nathan Dickinson moved to the relatively new town of Amherst, Massachusetts in 1742. By the early 19th century, the Dickinson family had accumulated some land on the east side of town. In 1813, Samuel Fowler Dickinson (1775\u20131838), built the Dickinson Homestead on Main Street, its grandeur reflecting his prominence then as a lawyer. However, his financial affairs were less secure, and by 1817, he had mortgaged the house for $2,500; in 1825, he mortgaged the Homestead again, along with other properties, to Oliver Smith for $6,000. In 1828, when Samuel Fowler Dickinson went bankrupt, Smith sold the mortgaged properties to John Leland and Nathan Dickinson, Samuel's nephew.", "It's for us that Jerome Charyn has written this book.\" In \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\", Charyn attempts to bring America's greatest female poet to life by transforming himself into Emily Dickinson. Assuming her voice, he narrates Dickinson's \"secret life\" to the reader, delving into her childhood, romantic involvements, even her final illness and death. On May 1, 2011, \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\" was named a \"Must-Read\" book by the Massachusetts Center for the Book and selected as finalist for its annual book award in the fiction category. The French edition of his novel, titled \"la vie secr\u00e8te d'emily dickinson,\" was released by Rivages in 2013,  Charyn says he drew inspiration for his novel from Emily Dickinson's letters and poems. He sayd of Dickinson: \"I am fascinated by her writing and the kind of power she had. Where it came from, I don't think we'll ever know.\" In 2007 Charyn was asked by the literary website \"Smyles and Fish\", along with lifelong friend, novelist Frederic Tuten, to write an essay about their former colleague and friend Donald Barthelme. The project evolved into a lengthy article, which offers a sort of collage of these three writers and the world of their influences. The work is divided into three parts - an introductory essay on the project by editor-in-chief Iris Smyles, Charyn's essay on Barthelme, and Tuten's piece \" My Autobiography: Portable with Images\". The work also features photos of the three writers and their work, as well as quotes from Barthelme himself.", "Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson International Society (EDIS) is an international organisation relating to American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886). It was founded in 1988 and its aim is to \"Promote, perpetuate and enhance the study and appreciation of Emily Dickinson worldwide\". The society publishes \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (ISSN 1059-6879) twice yearly and, for members, \"The Emily Dickinson International Society Bulletin\" (ISSN 1055-3932). It holds an Annual Meeting and \"EDIS Institute\" meetings. Every two or three years it holds an International Conference. These have taken place in the USA (1992), Austria (1995), USA (1998), Norway (2001), Hawaii (2004), Japan (2007), England (2010) and the 2014 event is planned for the USA. The society is affiliated to the American Literature Association (ALA), \"a Coalition of Societies Devoted to the Study of American Authors\" and is sponsoring two sessions at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference. An Emily Dickinson Society had been formed in Japan in 1980, eight years before the foundation of EDIS.", "Dickinson Electronic Archives The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" (DEA) is a website devoted to the study of Emily Dickinson, her writing practices, writings directly influencing her work, and critical and creative writings generated by her work. The DEA is produced by the Dickinson Editing Collective, with an executive editor, a general editor, two associate editors, a project manager, and a technical editor working collaboratively with one another and with numerous coeditors, staff, and users. The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" was begun in 1994 by Emily Dickinson scholar and University of Maryland, College Park professor Martha Nell Smith. It was the first online digital repository of its kind and featured a limited number of Dickinson manuscripts and correspondences. In 2000, the \"DEA\" received its first major overhaul. This overhaul included the additions of more manuscripts and correspondences, as well as \"Titanic Operas\" \u2013 a section highlighting the responses of contemporary poets to Emily Dickinson \u2013 and a section of the \"DEA\" dedicated to helping teachers utilize digital resources in classroom instruction. Although originally created to showcase the writings of and scholarship concerning American poet Emily Dickinson, the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" projects have since expanded to include as well the writings of Emily Dickinson's correspondents, many of whom were family members such as Susan Dickinson and nephew Edward (Ned) Dickinson. The \"DEA\" has also grown to feature numerous images of Dickinson\u2019s manuscripts \u2013 both poetic manuscripts and letters \u2013 as well as detailed scholastic analysis by executive editor Martha Nell Smith and other leading Dickinson scholars. One of the primary missions of the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" is to enhance knowledge surrounding Emily Dickinson, one of the United States' most admired and popular poets and beloved nineteenth-century figures, through the contextual clues of her creative process as discovered in her manuscripts.", "Cristanne Miller Cristanne Miller (born 1953) is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and Chair of the Department at the University at Buffalo in New York. She received her PhD in 1980 from the University of Chicago, and was for many years the W.M. Keck Distinguished Service Professor at Pomona College. Since 2006 she has taught at the University at Buffalo, where she is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and SUNY Distinguished Professor. She has served editor of the \"Emily Dickinson Journal\" for a decade and as President of the Emily Dickinson International Society. Miller established her reputation as a foremost scholar of Emily Dickinson with the publication in 1987 of \"Emily Dickinson: A Poet's Grammar\". Martha Nell Smith reviewed the book enthusiastically, calling Miller an \"exciting reader\" of Dickinson with \"close and thoughtful interpretation\" and a view of the poems as \"communicative, not solipsistic acts.\" David Porter praised Miller for showing \"readers what is actually at stake in this idiosyncratic verse and maps better than anyone to date the links between the grammatical choices and literary identity. \" Tom Paulin's review in the \"London Review of Books\" concluded that Cristanne Miller's \"densely researched study\" offered a \"living and contemporary\" reading of Dickinson's poems. \" Miller works from the assumption that Dickinson sees herself 'oppositionally, defining her position in the world negatively, by distance from some social construct or law'. And Miller shows how those negations have a constructive role.\" Other reviewers were similarly enthusiastic. She has been fellow at the Free University of Berlin, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University of Oxford. She currently edits \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (2005-)."], "answer": {"text": "Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.", "answer_start": 352}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_fde8f5348e45456082fcfcae5a3f3ffd_0_q#1", "question": "How old was she when she started to write?", "rewrite": "How old was Emily Dickinson when she started to write?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It's for us that Jerome Charyn has written this book.\" In \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\", Charyn attempts to bring America's greatest female poet to life by transforming himself into Emily Dickinson. Assuming her voice, he narrates Dickinson's \"secret life\" to the reader, delving into her childhood, romantic involvements, even her final illness and death. On May 1, 2011, \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\" was named a \"Must-Read\" book by the Massachusetts Center for the Book and selected as finalist for its annual book award in the fiction category. The French edition of his novel, titled \"la vie secr\u00e8te d'emily dickinson,\" was released by Rivages in 2013,  Charyn says he drew inspiration for his novel from Emily Dickinson's letters and poems. He sayd of Dickinson: \"I am fascinated by her writing and the kind of power she had. Where it came from, I don't think we'll ever know.\" In 2007 Charyn was asked by the literary website \"Smyles and Fish\", along with lifelong friend, novelist Frederic Tuten, to write an essay about their former colleague and friend Donald Barthelme. The project evolved into a lengthy article, which offers a sort of collage of these three writers and the world of their influences. The work is divided into three parts - an introductory essay on the project by editor-in-chief Iris Smyles, Charyn's essay on Barthelme, and Tuten's piece \" My Autobiography: Portable with Images\". The work also features photos of the three writers and their work, as well as quotes from Barthelme himself.", "Cristanne Miller Cristanne Miller (born 1953) is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and Chair of the Department at the University at Buffalo in New York. She received her PhD in 1980 from the University of Chicago, and was for many years the W.M. Keck Distinguished Service Professor at Pomona College. Since 2006 she has taught at the University at Buffalo, where she is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and SUNY Distinguished Professor. She has served editor of the \"Emily Dickinson Journal\" for a decade and as President of the Emily Dickinson International Society. Miller established her reputation as a foremost scholar of Emily Dickinson with the publication in 1987 of \"Emily Dickinson: A Poet's Grammar\". Martha Nell Smith reviewed the book enthusiastically, calling Miller an \"exciting reader\" of Dickinson with \"close and thoughtful interpretation\" and a view of the poems as \"communicative, not solipsistic acts.\" David Porter praised Miller for showing \"readers what is actually at stake in this idiosyncratic verse and maps better than anyone to date the links between the grammatical choices and literary identity. \" Tom Paulin's review in the \"London Review of Books\" concluded that Cristanne Miller's \"densely researched study\" offered a \"living and contemporary\" reading of Dickinson's poems. \" Miller works from the assumption that Dickinson sees herself 'oppositionally, defining her position in the world negatively, by distance from some social construct or law'. And Miller shows how those negations have a constructive role.\" Other reviewers were similarly enthusiastic. She has been fellow at the Free University of Berlin, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University of Oxford. She currently edits \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (2005-).", "Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson International Society (EDIS) is an international organisation relating to American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886). It was founded in 1988 and its aim is to \"Promote, perpetuate and enhance the study and appreciation of Emily Dickinson worldwide\". The society publishes \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (ISSN 1059-6879) twice yearly and, for members, \"The Emily Dickinson International Society Bulletin\" (ISSN 1055-3932). It holds an Annual Meeting and \"EDIS Institute\" meetings. Every two or three years it holds an International Conference. These have taken place in the USA (1992), Austria (1995), USA (1998), Norway (2001), Hawaii (2004), Japan (2007), England (2010) and the 2014 event is planned for the USA. The society is affiliated to the American Literature Association (ALA), \"a Coalition of Societies Devoted to the Study of American Authors\" and is sponsoring two sessions at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference. An Emily Dickinson Society had been formed in Japan in 1980, eight years before the foundation of EDIS.", "Emily Dickinson Museum The Emily Dickinson Museum is a historic house museum consisting of two houses: the Dickinson Homestead (also known as Emily Dickinson Home or Emily Dickinson House) and the Evergreens. The Dickinson Homestead was the birthplace and home from 1855\u20131886 of 19th-century American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886), whose poems were discovered in her bedroom there after her death. The house next door, called the Evergreens, was built by the poet's father, Edward Dickinson, in 1856 as a wedding present for her brother Austin. Located in Amherst, Massachusetts, the houses are preserved as a single museum and are open to the public on guided tours. The Emily Dickinson Home is a US National Historic Landmark, and properties contribute to the Dickinson Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Dickinson family had a long record of residency in the Connecticut River valley, dating back to the early days of English colonial settlement of the area. Her great grandfather Nathaniel Dickinson was one of the founders of Hadley, Massachusetts and surveyed the lands around the area including today's Amherst, Massachusetts. Nathan Dickinson moved to the relatively new town of Amherst, Massachusetts in 1742. By the early 19th century, the Dickinson family had accumulated some land on the east side of town. In 1813, Samuel Fowler Dickinson (1775\u20131838), built the Dickinson Homestead on Main Street, its grandeur reflecting his prominence then as a lawyer. However, his financial affairs were less secure, and by 1817, he had mortgaged the house for $2,500; in 1825, he mortgaged the Homestead again, along with other properties, to Oliver Smith for $6,000. In 1828, when Samuel Fowler Dickinson went bankrupt, Smith sold the mortgaged properties to John Leland and Nathan Dickinson, Samuel's nephew.", "Dickinson Electronic Archives The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" (DEA) is a website devoted to the study of Emily Dickinson, her writing practices, writings directly influencing her work, and critical and creative writings generated by her work. The DEA is produced by the Dickinson Editing Collective, with an executive editor, a general editor, two associate editors, a project manager, and a technical editor working collaboratively with one another and with numerous coeditors, staff, and users. The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" was begun in 1994 by Emily Dickinson scholar and University of Maryland, College Park professor Martha Nell Smith. It was the first online digital repository of its kind and featured a limited number of Dickinson manuscripts and correspondences. In 2000, the \"DEA\" received its first major overhaul. This overhaul included the additions of more manuscripts and correspondences, as well as \"Titanic Operas\" \u2013 a section highlighting the responses of contemporary poets to Emily Dickinson \u2013 and a section of the \"DEA\" dedicated to helping teachers utilize digital resources in classroom instruction. Although originally created to showcase the writings of and scholarship concerning American poet Emily Dickinson, the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" projects have since expanded to include as well the writings of Emily Dickinson's correspondents, many of whom were family members such as Susan Dickinson and nephew Edward (Ned) Dickinson. The \"DEA\" has also grown to feature numerous images of Dickinson\u2019s manuscripts \u2013 both poetic manuscripts and letters \u2013 as well as detailed scholastic analysis by executive editor Martha Nell Smith and other leading Dickinson scholars. One of the primary missions of the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" is to enhance knowledge surrounding Emily Dickinson, one of the United States' most admired and popular poets and beloved nineteenth-century figures, through the contextual clues of her creative process as discovered in her manuscripts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "answer": {"text": "Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fde8f5348e45456082fcfcae5a3f3ffd_0_q#2", "question": "What were some of her early writings?", "rewrite": "What were some of Emily Dickinson's early writings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It's for us that Jerome Charyn has written this book.\" In \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\", Charyn attempts to bring America's greatest female poet to life by transforming himself into Emily Dickinson. Assuming her voice, he narrates Dickinson's \"secret life\" to the reader, delving into her childhood, romantic involvements, even her final illness and death. On May 1, 2011, \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\" was named a \"Must-Read\" book by the Massachusetts Center for the Book and selected as finalist for its annual book award in the fiction category. The French edition of his novel, titled \"la vie secr\u00e8te d'emily dickinson,\" was released by Rivages in 2013,  Charyn says he drew inspiration for his novel from Emily Dickinson's letters and poems. He sayd of Dickinson: \"I am fascinated by her writing and the kind of power she had. Where it came from, I don't think we'll ever know.\" In 2007 Charyn was asked by the literary website \"Smyles and Fish\", along with lifelong friend, novelist Frederic Tuten, to write an essay about their former colleague and friend Donald Barthelme. The project evolved into a lengthy article, which offers a sort of collage of these three writers and the world of their influences. The work is divided into three parts - an introductory essay on the project by editor-in-chief Iris Smyles, Charyn's essay on Barthelme, and Tuten's piece \" My Autobiography: Portable with Images\". The work also features photos of the three writers and their work, as well as quotes from Barthelme himself.", "Emily Dickinson Museum The Emily Dickinson Museum is a historic house museum consisting of two houses: the Dickinson Homestead (also known as Emily Dickinson Home or Emily Dickinson House) and the Evergreens. The Dickinson Homestead was the birthplace and home from 1855\u20131886 of 19th-century American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886), whose poems were discovered in her bedroom there after her death. The house next door, called the Evergreens, was built by the poet's father, Edward Dickinson, in 1856 as a wedding present for her brother Austin. Located in Amherst, Massachusetts, the houses are preserved as a single museum and are open to the public on guided tours. The Emily Dickinson Home is a US National Historic Landmark, and properties contribute to the Dickinson Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Dickinson family had a long record of residency in the Connecticut River valley, dating back to the early days of English colonial settlement of the area. Her great grandfather Nathaniel Dickinson was one of the founders of Hadley, Massachusetts and surveyed the lands around the area including today's Amherst, Massachusetts. Nathan Dickinson moved to the relatively new town of Amherst, Massachusetts in 1742. By the early 19th century, the Dickinson family had accumulated some land on the east side of town. In 1813, Samuel Fowler Dickinson (1775\u20131838), built the Dickinson Homestead on Main Street, its grandeur reflecting his prominence then as a lawyer. However, his financial affairs were less secure, and by 1817, he had mortgaged the house for $2,500; in 1825, he mortgaged the Homestead again, along with other properties, to Oliver Smith for $6,000. In 1828, when Samuel Fowler Dickinson went bankrupt, Smith sold the mortgaged properties to John Leland and Nathan Dickinson, Samuel's nephew.", "Cristanne Miller Cristanne Miller (born 1953) is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and Chair of the Department at the University at Buffalo in New York. She received her PhD in 1980 from the University of Chicago, and was for many years the W.M. Keck Distinguished Service Professor at Pomona College. Since 2006 she has taught at the University at Buffalo, where she is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and SUNY Distinguished Professor. She has served editor of the \"Emily Dickinson Journal\" for a decade and as President of the Emily Dickinson International Society. Miller established her reputation as a foremost scholar of Emily Dickinson with the publication in 1987 of \"Emily Dickinson: A Poet's Grammar\". Martha Nell Smith reviewed the book enthusiastically, calling Miller an \"exciting reader\" of Dickinson with \"close and thoughtful interpretation\" and a view of the poems as \"communicative, not solipsistic acts.\" David Porter praised Miller for showing \"readers what is actually at stake in this idiosyncratic verse and maps better than anyone to date the links between the grammatical choices and literary identity. \" Tom Paulin's review in the \"London Review of Books\" concluded that Cristanne Miller's \"densely researched study\" offered a \"living and contemporary\" reading of Dickinson's poems. \" Miller works from the assumption that Dickinson sees herself 'oppositionally, defining her position in the world negatively, by distance from some social construct or law'. And Miller shows how those negations have a constructive role.\" Other reviewers were similarly enthusiastic. She has been fellow at the Free University of Berlin, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University of Oxford. She currently edits \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (2005-).", "Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson International Society (EDIS) is an international organisation relating to American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886). It was founded in 1988 and its aim is to \"Promote, perpetuate and enhance the study and appreciation of Emily Dickinson worldwide\". The society publishes \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (ISSN 1059-6879) twice yearly and, for members, \"The Emily Dickinson International Society Bulletin\" (ISSN 1055-3932). It holds an Annual Meeting and \"EDIS Institute\" meetings. Every two or three years it holds an International Conference. These have taken place in the USA (1992), Austria (1995), USA (1998), Norway (2001), Hawaii (2004), Japan (2007), England (2010) and the 2014 event is planned for the USA. The society is affiliated to the American Literature Association (ALA), \"a Coalition of Societies Devoted to the Study of American Authors\" and is sponsoring two sessions at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference. An Emily Dickinson Society had been formed in Japan in 1980, eight years before the foundation of EDIS.", "Dickinson Electronic Archives The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" (DEA) is a website devoted to the study of Emily Dickinson, her writing practices, writings directly influencing her work, and critical and creative writings generated by her work. The DEA is produced by the Dickinson Editing Collective, with an executive editor, a general editor, two associate editors, a project manager, and a technical editor working collaboratively with one another and with numerous coeditors, staff, and users. The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" was begun in 1994 by Emily Dickinson scholar and University of Maryland, College Park professor Martha Nell Smith. It was the first online digital repository of its kind and featured a limited number of Dickinson manuscripts and correspondences. In 2000, the \"DEA\" received its first major overhaul. This overhaul included the additions of more manuscripts and correspondences, as well as \"Titanic Operas\" \u2013 a section highlighting the responses of contemporary poets to Emily Dickinson \u2013 and a section of the \"DEA\" dedicated to helping teachers utilize digital resources in classroom instruction. Although originally created to showcase the writings of and scholarship concerning American poet Emily Dickinson, the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" projects have since expanded to include as well the writings of Emily Dickinson's correspondents, many of whom were family members such as Susan Dickinson and nephew Edward (Ned) Dickinson. The \"DEA\" has also grown to feature numerous images of Dickinson\u2019s manuscripts \u2013 both poetic manuscripts and letters \u2013 as well as detailed scholastic analysis by executive editor Martha Nell Smith and other leading Dickinson scholars. One of the primary missions of the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" is to enhance knowledge surrounding Emily Dickinson, one of the United States' most admired and popular poets and beloved nineteenth-century figures, through the contextual clues of her creative process as discovered in her manuscripts."], "answer": {"text": "She wrote later that he, \"whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring\".", "answer_start": 697}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "answer": {"text": "Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was she when she started to write?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fde8f5348e45456082fcfcae5a3f3ffd_0_q#3", "question": "What is that quote from?", "rewrite": "What is the \"\"whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring\" quote from?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Part-Time Tuition for residents is $10,605 and non-residents is $20.948. The law school offers scholarships up to full tuition. The law school tuition is the lowest in Arkansas and is among the lowest in the nation. Bowen Law is ranked as one of the 10 lowest alumni debt upon graduation by the USNWR, and ranks as the 6th lowest Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance. According to Bowens's official 2015 ABA-required disclosures, 52% of the Class of 2015 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. The law school has over forty five student organizations. These include the American Bar Association Law Student Division (ABA/LSD), American Constitution Society, Arkansas Association of Women Lawyers-Law Student Division, Arkansas Bar Association Law Student Division (ABA/LSD), Arkansas Trial Lawyers Association, Asian Pacific American Law Student Association (APALSA), Black Law Students Association, Bowen Athletic Department, Bowen Lambda, Christian Legal Society, Delta Theta Phi Legal Fraternity (DTP), Environmental Law Society, Federalist Society, Hispanic Law Students Association (HLSA), Intellectual Property Law Society, International Law Society, Irish American Law Students Society (ILSS), J. Reuben Clark Society, Law Review, Moot Court Board, Out of State Student Association (OSSA), Phi Alpha Delta (PAD), Part-time Student Association (PTSA), Pulaski County Bar Association, Student Division (PCBA), Public Interest Law Society (PILS), Sports and Entertainment Law Society (SELS), \"Street Law\" Mentor Program (Street Law), Student Animal Legal Defense Fund (SALDF), Student Bar Association (SBA), Young Democrats, and Young Republicans.", "Several \"stations\" along the gallery system, located in wider sections of gallery, permitted trains to pass or be stored. Latiremont has two entrances and six combat blocks. Most of the blocks are in and around the Bois de Pracourt. Unbuilt blocks: A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters surround Latiremont, including the: None of these are connected to the \"ouvrage\" or to each other. The Casernement de Doncourt provided peacetime above-ground barracks and support services to Latiremont and other \"ouvrages\" in the area. The 1940 manning of the \"ouvrage\" under the command of Commandant Pophillat comprised 21 officers and 580 men of the 149th Fortress Infantry Regiment. The units were under the umbrella of the 42nd Fortress Corps of the 3rd Army, Army Group 2. From September 1939 to June 1940, Latiremont fired 14,452 75mm rounds and 4,234 81mm rounds at German forces and in support of neighboring units. It was not until June 1940 that Latiremont and Fermont were attacked were directly attacked by the German 161st Division, which brought 21 cm howitzers and 30.5 cm mortars to bear on 21 June. By this time, German units were moving in the rear of the Line, cutting power and communications. Heavy fire from Fermont and Latiremont repelled attacks. Firing continued until 25 June. Latiremont's garrison surrendered to the Germans on 27 June. In 1944 the area did not see significant fighting. By 1951, work was proceeding on renovation of many of the northeastern \"ouvrages\", including Latiremont, with the aim of restoring their combat capability to block a potential advance by the Warsaw Pact.", "Ouvrage Latiremont Ouvrage Latiremont is a \"gros ouvrage\" of the Maginot Line, located in the Fortified Sector of the Crusnes, sub-sector of Arrancy. It lies between the \"gros ouvrage\" Fermont and the \"petit ouvrage\" Mauvais Bois, facing Belgium. The village of Doncourt-Cit\u00e9s is nearby. Latiremont was active in 1939-1940, coming under direct attack in late June 1940. It surrendered to German forces on 27 June. After renovations during the Cold War, it was abandoned. The site was surveyed by CORF (\"Commission d'Organisation des R\u00e9gions Fortifi\u00e9es\"), the Maginot Line's design and construction agency, in early 1931. Latiremont was approved for construction in May 1931. It was completed at a cost of 88 million francs by the contractor Monod of Paris. Latiremont was designed from the beginning as a \"gros ouvrage\" with casemate-mounted 75mm guns. A second phase was planned, to add 75mm and 135mm gun turret blocks. By the late 1930's, resources had been allocated elsewhere, and the turret blocks were not built. More than of underground galleries connect the entries to the farthest block, at an average depth of . An \"M1\" magazine, arranged with parallel galleries connected by cross galleries, is located close to the ammunition entrance, while the underground barracks and utility areas are just inside the personnel entry. The gallery system was served by a narrow-gauge (60 cm) railway that continued out the ammunition entry and connected to a regional military railway system for the movement of materiel along the front a few kilometers to the rear.", "When she was eighteen, Dickinson's family befriended a young attorney by the name of Benjamin Franklin Newton. According to a letter written by Dickinson after Newton's death, he had been \"with my Father two years, before going to Worcester - in pursuing his studies, and was much in our family.\" Although their relationship was probably not romantic, Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master. Newton likely introduced her to the writings of William Wordsworth, and his gift to her of Ralph Waldo Emerson's first book of collected poems had a liberating effect. She wrote later that he, \"whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring\". Newton held her in high regard, believing in and recognizing her as a poet. When he was dying of tuberculosis, he wrote to her, saying that he would like to live until she achieved the greatness he foresaw. Biographers believe that Dickinson's statement of 1862--\"When a little Girl, I had a friend, who taught me Immortality - but venturing too near, himself - he never returned\"--refers to Newton. Dickinson was familiar not only with the Bible but also with contemporary popular literature. She was probably influenced by Lydia Maria Child's Letters from New York, another gift from Newton (after reading it, she gushed \"This then is a book! And there are more of them!\"). Her brother smuggled a copy of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Kavanagh into the house for her (because her father might disapprove) and a friend lent her Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre in late 1849.", "On the 13th, Fermont provided covering fire for French forces retreating from Longwy, which was between the Maginot Line and the German border and was therefore regarded as indefensible against a determined attack. In late May and early June the German attack was focused farther to the west, eventually breaking out behind the Line. From June 15 to June 20, 1940, Fermont helped to repel attacks on the neighboring \"ouvrage\" Ferme Chappy, as well as firing to the north. On June 17, German artillery of the 183rd Infantry Division opened fire on the rear of Block 4 with 88mm guns. By chance, the firing stopped after the last shot had weakened the concrete to the point that another shot would have pierced it. The breach was repaired that night. The 161st Infantry Division under General Wilck then attacked Fermont and Latiremont on June 21 with 210mm and 305mm siege mortars, 105mm guns and 88mm high-velocity guns, causing a single death when a round penetrated a mortar cloche at Block 5. In early 1941 the Germans staged an attack on Blocks 1 and 4 for movie cameras, promoting the resulting propaganda film as documentation of the June 1940 attacks. The Fermont area did not see significant fighting during the Lorraine Campaign of 1944, but Fermont's \"caserne\" was used as a place for rest and recuperation for American troops during the Battle of the Bulge. By 1951 work was proceeding on renovation of many of the northeastern \"ouvrages\", including Fermont, with the aim of restoring their combat capability to block a potential advance by the Warsaw Pact. Fermont and Latiremont were designated the \"m\u00f4le de Crusnes\", a fortified strongpoint. After the establishment of the French nuclear strike force, the importance of the Line declined."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "answer": {"text": "Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was she when she started to write?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of her early writings?", "answer": {"text": "She wrote later that he, \"whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring\".", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fde8f5348e45456082fcfcae5a3f3ffd_0_q#4", "question": "Were there any other influences?", "rewrite": "Did Emily Dickinson have any other influences aside from Newton?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cristanne Miller Cristanne Miller (born 1953) is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and Chair of the Department at the University at Buffalo in New York. She received her PhD in 1980 from the University of Chicago, and was for many years the W.M. Keck Distinguished Service Professor at Pomona College. Since 2006 she has taught at the University at Buffalo, where she is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and SUNY Distinguished Professor. She has served editor of the \"Emily Dickinson Journal\" for a decade and as President of the Emily Dickinson International Society. Miller established her reputation as a foremost scholar of Emily Dickinson with the publication in 1987 of \"Emily Dickinson: A Poet's Grammar\". Martha Nell Smith reviewed the book enthusiastically, calling Miller an \"exciting reader\" of Dickinson with \"close and thoughtful interpretation\" and a view of the poems as \"communicative, not solipsistic acts.\" David Porter praised Miller for showing \"readers what is actually at stake in this idiosyncratic verse and maps better than anyone to date the links between the grammatical choices and literary identity. \" Tom Paulin's review in the \"London Review of Books\" concluded that Cristanne Miller's \"densely researched study\" offered a \"living and contemporary\" reading of Dickinson's poems. \" Miller works from the assumption that Dickinson sees herself 'oppositionally, defining her position in the world negatively, by distance from some social construct or law'. And Miller shows how those negations have a constructive role.\" Other reviewers were similarly enthusiastic. She has been fellow at the Free University of Berlin, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University of Oxford. She currently edits \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (2005-).", "Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson International Society (EDIS) is an international organisation relating to American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886). It was founded in 1988 and its aim is to \"Promote, perpetuate and enhance the study and appreciation of Emily Dickinson worldwide\". The society publishes \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (ISSN 1059-6879) twice yearly and, for members, \"The Emily Dickinson International Society Bulletin\" (ISSN 1055-3932). It holds an Annual Meeting and \"EDIS Institute\" meetings. Every two or three years it holds an International Conference. These have taken place in the USA (1992), Austria (1995), USA (1998), Norway (2001), Hawaii (2004), Japan (2007), England (2010) and the 2014 event is planned for the USA. The society is affiliated to the American Literature Association (ALA), \"a Coalition of Societies Devoted to the Study of American Authors\" and is sponsoring two sessions at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference. An Emily Dickinson Society had been formed in Japan in 1980, eight years before the foundation of EDIS.", "Dickinson Electronic Archives The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" (DEA) is a website devoted to the study of Emily Dickinson, her writing practices, writings directly influencing her work, and critical and creative writings generated by her work. The DEA is produced by the Dickinson Editing Collective, with an executive editor, a general editor, two associate editors, a project manager, and a technical editor working collaboratively with one another and with numerous coeditors, staff, and users. The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" was begun in 1994 by Emily Dickinson scholar and University of Maryland, College Park professor Martha Nell Smith. It was the first online digital repository of its kind and featured a limited number of Dickinson manuscripts and correspondences. In 2000, the \"DEA\" received its first major overhaul. This overhaul included the additions of more manuscripts and correspondences, as well as \"Titanic Operas\" \u2013 a section highlighting the responses of contemporary poets to Emily Dickinson \u2013 and a section of the \"DEA\" dedicated to helping teachers utilize digital resources in classroom instruction. Although originally created to showcase the writings of and scholarship concerning American poet Emily Dickinson, the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" projects have since expanded to include as well the writings of Emily Dickinson's correspondents, many of whom were family members such as Susan Dickinson and nephew Edward (Ned) Dickinson. The \"DEA\" has also grown to feature numerous images of Dickinson\u2019s manuscripts \u2013 both poetic manuscripts and letters \u2013 as well as detailed scholastic analysis by executive editor Martha Nell Smith and other leading Dickinson scholars. One of the primary missions of the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" is to enhance knowledge surrounding Emily Dickinson, one of the United States' most admired and popular poets and beloved nineteenth-century figures, through the contextual clues of her creative process as discovered in her manuscripts.", "It's for us that Jerome Charyn has written this book.\" In \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\", Charyn attempts to bring America's greatest female poet to life by transforming himself into Emily Dickinson. Assuming her voice, he narrates Dickinson's \"secret life\" to the reader, delving into her childhood, romantic involvements, even her final illness and death. On May 1, 2011, \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\" was named a \"Must-Read\" book by the Massachusetts Center for the Book and selected as finalist for its annual book award in the fiction category. The French edition of his novel, titled \"la vie secr\u00e8te d'emily dickinson,\" was released by Rivages in 2013,  Charyn says he drew inspiration for his novel from Emily Dickinson's letters and poems. He sayd of Dickinson: \"I am fascinated by her writing and the kind of power she had. Where it came from, I don't think we'll ever know.\" In 2007 Charyn was asked by the literary website \"Smyles and Fish\", along with lifelong friend, novelist Frederic Tuten, to write an essay about their former colleague and friend Donald Barthelme. The project evolved into a lengthy article, which offers a sort of collage of these three writers and the world of their influences. The work is divided into three parts - an introductory essay on the project by editor-in-chief Iris Smyles, Charyn's essay on Barthelme, and Tuten's piece \" My Autobiography: Portable with Images\". The work also features photos of the three writers and their work, as well as quotes from Barthelme himself.", "Emily Dickinson Museum The Emily Dickinson Museum is a historic house museum consisting of two houses: the Dickinson Homestead (also known as Emily Dickinson Home or Emily Dickinson House) and the Evergreens. The Dickinson Homestead was the birthplace and home from 1855\u20131886 of 19th-century American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886), whose poems were discovered in her bedroom there after her death. The house next door, called the Evergreens, was built by the poet's father, Edward Dickinson, in 1856 as a wedding present for her brother Austin. Located in Amherst, Massachusetts, the houses are preserved as a single museum and are open to the public on guided tours. The Emily Dickinson Home is a US National Historic Landmark, and properties contribute to the Dickinson Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Dickinson family had a long record of residency in the Connecticut River valley, dating back to the early days of English colonial settlement of the area. Her great grandfather Nathaniel Dickinson was one of the founders of Hadley, Massachusetts and surveyed the lands around the area including today's Amherst, Massachusetts. Nathan Dickinson moved to the relatively new town of Amherst, Massachusetts in 1742. By the early 19th century, the Dickinson family had accumulated some land on the east side of town. In 1813, Samuel Fowler Dickinson (1775\u20131838), built the Dickinson Homestead on Main Street, its grandeur reflecting his prominence then as a lawyer. However, his financial affairs were less secure, and by 1817, he had mortgaged the house for $2,500; in 1825, he mortgaged the Homestead again, along with other properties, to Oliver Smith for $6,000. In 1828, when Samuel Fowler Dickinson went bankrupt, Smith sold the mortgaged properties to John Leland and Nathan Dickinson, Samuel's nephew."], "answer": {"text": "literature. She was probably influenced by Lydia Maria Child's Letters from New York, another gift from Newton (", "answer_start": 1283}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "answer": {"text": "Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was she when she started to write?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of her early writings?", "answer": {"text": "She wrote later that he, \"whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring\".", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is that quote from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fde8f5348e45456082fcfcae5a3f3ffd_0_q#5", "question": "How was she influenced by this?", "rewrite": "How was Emily Dickinson influenced by Lydia Maria Child's Letters from New York?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lydia Maria Child Lydia Maria Francis Child (born Lydia Maria Francis) (February 11, 1802October 20, 1880), was an American abolitionist, women's rights activist, Native American rights activist, novelist, journalist, and opponent of American expansionism. Her journals, both fiction and domestic manuals, reached wide audiences from the 1820s through the 1850s. At times she shocked her audience as she tried to take on issues of both male dominance and white supremacy in some of her stories. Despite these challenges, Child may be most remembered for her poem \"Over the River and Through the Wood.\" Her grandparents' house, which she wrote about visiting, was restored by Tufts University in 1976 and stands near the Mystic River on South Street, in Medford, Massachusetts. She was born Lydia Maria Francis in Medford, Massachusetts, on February 11, 1802, to Susannah (n\u00e9e Rand) and Convers Francis. She went by her middle name, and pronounced it Ma-RYE-a. Her older brother, Convers Francis, was educated at Harvard College and Seminary, and became a Unitarian minister. Child received her education at a local dame school and later at a women's seminary. Upon the death of her mother, she went to live with her older sister in Maine, where she studied to be a teacher. During this time, her brother Convers, by then a Unitarian minister, saw to his younger sister's education in literary masters such as Homer and Milton. In her early 20s, Francis lived with her brother and met many of the top writers and thinkers of the day through him. She also converted to Unitarianism. Francis chanced to read an article in the \"North American Review\" discussing the field offered to the novelist by early New England history. Although she had never thought of becoming an author, she immediately wrote the first chapter of her novel \"Hobomok\".", "Emily Dickinson Museum The Emily Dickinson Museum is a historic house museum consisting of two houses: the Dickinson Homestead (also known as Emily Dickinson Home or Emily Dickinson House) and the Evergreens. The Dickinson Homestead was the birthplace and home from 1855\u20131886 of 19th-century American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886), whose poems were discovered in her bedroom there after her death. The house next door, called the Evergreens, was built by the poet's father, Edward Dickinson, in 1856 as a wedding present for her brother Austin. Located in Amherst, Massachusetts, the houses are preserved as a single museum and are open to the public on guided tours. The Emily Dickinson Home is a US National Historic Landmark, and properties contribute to the Dickinson Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Dickinson family had a long record of residency in the Connecticut River valley, dating back to the early days of English colonial settlement of the area. Her great grandfather Nathaniel Dickinson was one of the founders of Hadley, Massachusetts and surveyed the lands around the area including today's Amherst, Massachusetts. Nathan Dickinson moved to the relatively new town of Amherst, Massachusetts in 1742. By the early 19th century, the Dickinson family had accumulated some land on the east side of town. In 1813, Samuel Fowler Dickinson (1775\u20131838), built the Dickinson Homestead on Main Street, its grandeur reflecting his prominence then as a lawyer. However, his financial affairs were less secure, and by 1817, he had mortgaged the house for $2,500; in 1825, he mortgaged the Homestead again, along with other properties, to Oliver Smith for $6,000. In 1828, when Samuel Fowler Dickinson went bankrupt, Smith sold the mortgaged properties to John Leland and Nathan Dickinson, Samuel's nephew.", "Dickinson Electronic Archives The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" (DEA) is a website devoted to the study of Emily Dickinson, her writing practices, writings directly influencing her work, and critical and creative writings generated by her work. The DEA is produced by the Dickinson Editing Collective, with an executive editor, a general editor, two associate editors, a project manager, and a technical editor working collaboratively with one another and with numerous coeditors, staff, and users. The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" was begun in 1994 by Emily Dickinson scholar and University of Maryland, College Park professor Martha Nell Smith. It was the first online digital repository of its kind and featured a limited number of Dickinson manuscripts and correspondences. In 2000, the \"DEA\" received its first major overhaul. This overhaul included the additions of more manuscripts and correspondences, as well as \"Titanic Operas\" \u2013 a section highlighting the responses of contemporary poets to Emily Dickinson \u2013 and a section of the \"DEA\" dedicated to helping teachers utilize digital resources in classroom instruction. Although originally created to showcase the writings of and scholarship concerning American poet Emily Dickinson, the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" projects have since expanded to include as well the writings of Emily Dickinson's correspondents, many of whom were family members such as Susan Dickinson and nephew Edward (Ned) Dickinson. The \"DEA\" has also grown to feature numerous images of Dickinson\u2019s manuscripts \u2013 both poetic manuscripts and letters \u2013 as well as detailed scholastic analysis by executive editor Martha Nell Smith and other leading Dickinson scholars. One of the primary missions of the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" is to enhance knowledge surrounding Emily Dickinson, one of the United States' most admired and popular poets and beloved nineteenth-century figures, through the contextual clues of her creative process as discovered in her manuscripts.", "An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans\" transcended time and was used by leaders during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement. Many of her books are housed in museums or used as reference material in libraries, while some of her works are still published today for lay readers, scholars, and researchers studying the impact she made on Americans. Lydia Maria Child was well regarded and quite known as an influential figure among her abolitionist and literary peers. \"Over the River\" highlights the relationship Child had with notable figures such as William Lloyd Garrison, Theodore Parker, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Abby Kelley, Frederick Douglass, Lucretia Mott, Maria Weston Chapman, Harriet Jacobs, Senator Charles Sumner, John Brown, Angelina Grimke, Robert Gould Shaw, Edgar Allan Poe, Margaret Fuller, violinist Ole Bull, John Greenleaf Whittier, James Russell Lowell, and Isaac T. Hopper, just to name a few. The epic three-part documentary DVD and book \"Over the River... Life of Lydia Maria Child, Abolitionist for Freedom\" explores the life of Lydia Maria Child and the abolitionist soldiers, and displays how young and old, en masse, rallied for social change for all Americans \u2014 to free themselves and black Americans from the chains of indignity. Director Constance L. Jackson presented \"Over The River\" at Colgate University on October 22, 2009 and lead a workshop discussion titled \"Becoming an Agent of Change, Then and Now\" (centered around the film \"Over the River... Life of Lydia Maria Child, Abolitionist for Freedom\") on October 23, 2009, where Jackson helped create the definition of an Agent of Change with Colgate University faculty, students, residents, and guests of Hamilton, NY.", "Over the River... Life of Lydia Maria Child, Abolitionist for Freedom  Over the River\u2026Life of Lydia Maria Child, Abolitionist for Freedom is a 2007 documentary film and book about the life of Lydia Maria Child. The film was produced by Permanent Productions, Inc., written and directed by Constance L. Jackson, narrated by Diahann Carroll and features James Moses Black, Michele S. Patterson, Greta Muxworthy, Beth Lockhart and Jacob Conrad. Before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s and before the names of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Rosa Parks were uttered as harbingers of social justice, came the first Civil Rights Movement in America\u2014the abolitionists of the 19th century. Abolitionists used literature, petitions, and public speaking to forge change, but there was one who stood out in her time that was central to altering America's course: the author and editor, Lydia Maria (pronounced Mariah) Child. Many would argue that Lydia Maria Child and the abolitionist cause were one of the key reasons the Civil War happened. Coined by William Lloyd Garrison as the \"First Woman in the Republic,\" Child was an unwavering advocate for change. Child's influence extended to legislators and to President Abraham Lincoln. A friend and loyalist to African Americans, Native Americans, and immigrant causes, Child's literature, that span 50 years, made her a household name in thousands of homes during those tumultuous times in America. She is known today as the author of the Thanksgiving Day song \"Over the River and Through the Woods to Grandmother's House We Go\". Her many books were the first written on the subjects of religious ideas, aging, interracial love, domestic advice, Indian rights, women's rights, prison and social reform, and abolishing slavery. The bombshell book written in 1833 \""], "answer": {"text": "after reading it, she gushed \"This then is a book! And there are more of them!\").", "answer_start": 1395}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "answer": {"text": "Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was she when she started to write?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of her early writings?", "answer": {"text": "She wrote later that he, \"whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring\".", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is that quote from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other influences?", "answer": {"text": "literature. She was probably influenced by Lydia Maria Child's Letters from New York, another gift from Newton (", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_fde8f5348e45456082fcfcae5a3f3ffd_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article aside from Emily Dickinson, Early influences and writing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It's for us that Jerome Charyn has written this book.\" In \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\", Charyn attempts to bring America's greatest female poet to life by transforming himself into Emily Dickinson. Assuming her voice, he narrates Dickinson's \"secret life\" to the reader, delving into her childhood, romantic involvements, even her final illness and death. On May 1, 2011, \"The Secret Life of Emily Dickinson\" was named a \"Must-Read\" book by the Massachusetts Center for the Book and selected as finalist for its annual book award in the fiction category. The French edition of his novel, titled \"la vie secr\u00e8te d'emily dickinson,\" was released by Rivages in 2013,  Charyn says he drew inspiration for his novel from Emily Dickinson's letters and poems. He sayd of Dickinson: \"I am fascinated by her writing and the kind of power she had. Where it came from, I don't think we'll ever know.\" In 2007 Charyn was asked by the literary website \"Smyles and Fish\", along with lifelong friend, novelist Frederic Tuten, to write an essay about their former colleague and friend Donald Barthelme. The project evolved into a lengthy article, which offers a sort of collage of these three writers and the world of their influences. The work is divided into three parts - an introductory essay on the project by editor-in-chief Iris Smyles, Charyn's essay on Barthelme, and Tuten's piece \" My Autobiography: Portable with Images\". The work also features photos of the three writers and their work, as well as quotes from Barthelme himself.", "Emily Dickinson Museum The Emily Dickinson Museum is a historic house museum consisting of two houses: the Dickinson Homestead (also known as Emily Dickinson Home or Emily Dickinson House) and the Evergreens. The Dickinson Homestead was the birthplace and home from 1855\u20131886 of 19th-century American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886), whose poems were discovered in her bedroom there after her death. The house next door, called the Evergreens, was built by the poet's father, Edward Dickinson, in 1856 as a wedding present for her brother Austin. Located in Amherst, Massachusetts, the houses are preserved as a single museum and are open to the public on guided tours. The Emily Dickinson Home is a US National Historic Landmark, and properties contribute to the Dickinson Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Dickinson family had a long record of residency in the Connecticut River valley, dating back to the early days of English colonial settlement of the area. Her great grandfather Nathaniel Dickinson was one of the founders of Hadley, Massachusetts and surveyed the lands around the area including today's Amherst, Massachusetts. Nathan Dickinson moved to the relatively new town of Amherst, Massachusetts in 1742. By the early 19th century, the Dickinson family had accumulated some land on the east side of town. In 1813, Samuel Fowler Dickinson (1775\u20131838), built the Dickinson Homestead on Main Street, its grandeur reflecting his prominence then as a lawyer. However, his financial affairs were less secure, and by 1817, he had mortgaged the house for $2,500; in 1825, he mortgaged the Homestead again, along with other properties, to Oliver Smith for $6,000. In 1828, when Samuel Fowler Dickinson went bankrupt, Smith sold the mortgaged properties to John Leland and Nathan Dickinson, Samuel's nephew.", "Emily Dickinson International Society The Emily Dickinson International Society (EDIS) is an international organisation relating to American poet Emily Dickinson (1830\u20131886). It was founded in 1988 and its aim is to \"Promote, perpetuate and enhance the study and appreciation of Emily Dickinson worldwide\". The society publishes \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (ISSN 1059-6879) twice yearly and, for members, \"The Emily Dickinson International Society Bulletin\" (ISSN 1055-3932). It holds an Annual Meeting and \"EDIS Institute\" meetings. Every two or three years it holds an International Conference. These have taken place in the USA (1992), Austria (1995), USA (1998), Norway (2001), Hawaii (2004), Japan (2007), England (2010) and the 2014 event is planned for the USA. The society is affiliated to the American Literature Association (ALA), \"a Coalition of Societies Devoted to the Study of American Authors\" and is sponsoring two sessions at the 2014 ALA Annual Conference. An Emily Dickinson Society had been formed in Japan in 1980, eight years before the foundation of EDIS.", "Dickinson Electronic Archives The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" (DEA) is a website devoted to the study of Emily Dickinson, her writing practices, writings directly influencing her work, and critical and creative writings generated by her work. The DEA is produced by the Dickinson Editing Collective, with an executive editor, a general editor, two associate editors, a project manager, and a technical editor working collaboratively with one another and with numerous coeditors, staff, and users. The \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" was begun in 1994 by Emily Dickinson scholar and University of Maryland, College Park professor Martha Nell Smith. It was the first online digital repository of its kind and featured a limited number of Dickinson manuscripts and correspondences. In 2000, the \"DEA\" received its first major overhaul. This overhaul included the additions of more manuscripts and correspondences, as well as \"Titanic Operas\" \u2013 a section highlighting the responses of contemporary poets to Emily Dickinson \u2013 and a section of the \"DEA\" dedicated to helping teachers utilize digital resources in classroom instruction. Although originally created to showcase the writings of and scholarship concerning American poet Emily Dickinson, the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" projects have since expanded to include as well the writings of Emily Dickinson's correspondents, many of whom were family members such as Susan Dickinson and nephew Edward (Ned) Dickinson. The \"DEA\" has also grown to feature numerous images of Dickinson\u2019s manuscripts \u2013 both poetic manuscripts and letters \u2013 as well as detailed scholastic analysis by executive editor Martha Nell Smith and other leading Dickinson scholars. One of the primary missions of the \"Dickinson Electronic Archives\" is to enhance knowledge surrounding Emily Dickinson, one of the United States' most admired and popular poets and beloved nineteenth-century figures, through the contextual clues of her creative process as discovered in her manuscripts.", "Cristanne Miller Cristanne Miller (born 1953) is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and Chair of the Department at the University at Buffalo in New York. She received her PhD in 1980 from the University of Chicago, and was for many years the W.M. Keck Distinguished Service Professor at Pomona College. Since 2006 she has taught at the University at Buffalo, where she is Edward H. Butler Professor of English and SUNY Distinguished Professor. She has served editor of the \"Emily Dickinson Journal\" for a decade and as President of the Emily Dickinson International Society. Miller established her reputation as a foremost scholar of Emily Dickinson with the publication in 1987 of \"Emily Dickinson: A Poet's Grammar\". Martha Nell Smith reviewed the book enthusiastically, calling Miller an \"exciting reader\" of Dickinson with \"close and thoughtful interpretation\" and a view of the poems as \"communicative, not solipsistic acts.\" David Porter praised Miller for showing \"readers what is actually at stake in this idiosyncratic verse and maps better than anyone to date the links between the grammatical choices and literary identity. \" Tom Paulin's review in the \"London Review of Books\" concluded that Cristanne Miller's \"densely researched study\" offered a \"living and contemporary\" reading of Dickinson's poems. \" Miller works from the assumption that Dickinson sees herself 'oppositionally, defining her position in the world negatively, by distance from some social construct or law'. And Miller shows how those negations have a constructive role.\" Other reviewers were similarly enthusiastic. She has been fellow at the Free University of Berlin, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University of Oxford. She currently edits \"The Emily Dickinson Journal\" (2005-)."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who were Emily Dickinson's early influences?", "answer": {"text": "Newton was a formative influence and would become the second in a series of older men (after Humphrey) that Dickinson referred to, variously, as her tutor, preceptor or master.", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was she when she started to write?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some of her early writings?", "answer": {"text": "She wrote later that he, \"whose name my Father's Law Student taught me, has touched the secret Spring\".", "answer_start": 697, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is that quote from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other influences?", "answer": {"text": "literature. She was probably influenced by Lydia Maria Child's Letters from New York, another gift from Newton (", "answer_start": 1283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was she influenced by this?", "answer": {"text": "after reading it, she gushed \"This then is a book! And there are more of them!\").", "answer_start": 1395, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#0", "question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "rewrite": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "Bhakti Charu Swami Bhakti Charu Swami is a Vaishnava swami and a religious leader of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He is a Guru and a member of the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON. Previously he was simultaneously acting as ISKCON's minister of arts and culture. He is an initiated disciple of ISKCON's founder, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and has translated Shrila Prabhupada's literary works in Bengali and also produced a television serial on Prabhupada's life entitled \"Abhay Charan\". He's also serving on an advisory panel of I-Foundation, a leading Hindu charity organisation in the United Kingdom. Bhakti Charu Swami was born in Bengal in 1945, and spent most of his early life in the city of Calcutta. In 1970 he left India to study in Germany. He came across Vedic literatures while in Germany. In 1975 he returned to India to pursue spiritual life, and studied the Vedic scriptures. Bhakti Charu Swami joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple in Mayapur. When A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada) returned to India at the end of 1976, Bhakti Charu met him. Srila Prabhupada gave him the assignment of translating his books into Bengali and made him his Secretary for Indian Affairs. Within a few months Srila Prabhupada initiated him into the disciplic succession and soon thereafter awarded him the renounced order of Sannyasa. Alongside his official responsibilities, Bhakti Charu translated all of Srila Prabhupada\u2019s works on major Vedic literatures, consisting of more than fifty volumes of books, into Bengali.", "Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan."], "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#1", "question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "rewrite": "Aside from the religious journey, did A.C.Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "Bhakti Charu Swami Bhakti Charu Swami is a Vaishnava swami and a religious leader of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He is a Guru and a member of the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON. Previously he was simultaneously acting as ISKCON's minister of arts and culture. He is an initiated disciple of ISKCON's founder, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and has translated Shrila Prabhupada's literary works in Bengali and also produced a television serial on Prabhupada's life entitled \"Abhay Charan\". He's also serving on an advisory panel of I-Foundation, a leading Hindu charity organisation in the United Kingdom. Bhakti Charu Swami was born in Bengal in 1945, and spent most of his early life in the city of Calcutta. In 1970 he left India to study in Germany. He came across Vedic literatures while in Germany. In 1975 he returned to India to pursue spiritual life, and studied the Vedic scriptures. Bhakti Charu Swami joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple in Mayapur. When A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada) returned to India at the end of 1976, Bhakti Charu met him. Srila Prabhupada gave him the assignment of translating his books into Bengali and made him his Secretary for Indian Affairs. Within a few months Srila Prabhupada initiated him into the disciplic succession and soon thereafter awarded him the renounced order of Sannyasa. Alongside his official responsibilities, Bhakti Charu translated all of Srila Prabhupada\u2019s works on major Vedic literatures, consisting of more than fifty volumes of books, into Bengali.", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan.", "Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian"], "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#2", "question": "Did he have a following?", "rewrite": "Did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada have a following?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "After learning that A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of the Hare Krishna movement in the Western world had rented a store front in New York, he befriended him, visiting him often and suggesting publishers for his books, and a fruitful relationship began. This relationship is documented by Satsvarupa dasa Goswami in his biographical account \"Srila Prabhupada Lilamrta\". Ginsberg donated money, materials, and his reputation to help the Swami establish the first temple, and toured with him to promote his cause. Despite disagreeing with many of Bhaktivedanta Swami's required prohibitions, Ginsberg often sang the Hare Krishna mantra publicly as part of his philosophy and declared that it brought a state of ecstasy. He was glad that Bhaktivedanta Swami, an authentic swami from India, was now trying to spread the chanting in America. Along with other counterculture ideologists like Timothy Leary, Gary Snyder, and Alan Watts, Ginsberg hoped to incorporate Bhaktivedanta Swami and his chanting into the hippie movement, and agreed to take part in the Mantra-Rock Dance concert and to introduce the swami to the Haight-Ashbury hippie community. On January 17, 1967, Ginsberg helped plan and organize a reception for Bhaktivedanta Swami at San Francisco International Airport, where fifty to a hundred hippies greeted the Swami, chanting Hare Krishna in the airport lounge with flowers in hands. To further support and promote Bhaktivendata Swami's message and chanting in San Francisco, Allen Ginsberg agreed to attend the Mantra-Rock Dance, a musical event 1967 held at the Avalon Ballroom by the San Francisco Hare Krishna temple. It featured some leading rock bands of the time:", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan."], "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#3", "question": "Was he recognized for anything else?", "rewrite": "Was A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada recognized for anything else aside from his religious journey?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan.", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "Bhakti Charu Swami Bhakti Charu Swami is a Vaishnava swami and a religious leader of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He is a Guru and a member of the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON. Previously he was simultaneously acting as ISKCON's minister of arts and culture. He is an initiated disciple of ISKCON's founder, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and has translated Shrila Prabhupada's literary works in Bengali and also produced a television serial on Prabhupada's life entitled \"Abhay Charan\". He's also serving on an advisory panel of I-Foundation, a leading Hindu charity organisation in the United Kingdom. Bhakti Charu Swami was born in Bengal in 1945, and spent most of his early life in the city of Calcutta. In 1970 he left India to study in Germany. He came across Vedic literatures while in Germany. In 1975 he returned to India to pursue spiritual life, and studied the Vedic scriptures. Bhakti Charu Swami joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple in Mayapur. When A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada) returned to India at the end of 1976, Bhakti Charu met him. Srila Prabhupada gave him the assignment of translating his books into Bengali and made him his Secretary for Indian Affairs. Within a few months Srila Prabhupada initiated him into the disciplic succession and soon thereafter awarded him the renounced order of Sannyasa. Alongside his official responsibilities, Bhakti Charu translated all of Srila Prabhupada\u2019s works on major Vedic literatures, consisting of more than fifty volumes of books, into Bengali."], "answer": {"text": "he started the publication called Back to Godhead,", "answer_start": 305}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a following?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#4", "question": "Did he write anything else?", "rewrite": "Did A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada write anything else aside from his religious journey?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian", "Bhakti Charu Swami Bhakti Charu Swami is a Vaishnava swami and a religious leader of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He is a Guru and a member of the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON. Previously he was simultaneously acting as ISKCON's minister of arts and culture. He is an initiated disciple of ISKCON's founder, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and has translated Shrila Prabhupada's literary works in Bengali and also produced a television serial on Prabhupada's life entitled \"Abhay Charan\". He's also serving on an advisory panel of I-Foundation, a leading Hindu charity organisation in the United Kingdom. Bhakti Charu Swami was born in Bengal in 1945, and spent most of his early life in the city of Calcutta. In 1970 he left India to study in Germany. He came across Vedic literatures while in Germany. In 1975 he returned to India to pursue spiritual life, and studied the Vedic scriptures. Bhakti Charu Swami joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple in Mayapur. When A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada) returned to India at the end of 1976, Bhakti Charu met him. Srila Prabhupada gave him the assignment of translating his books into Bengali and made him his Secretary for Indian Affairs. Within a few months Srila Prabhupada initiated him into the disciplic succession and soon thereafter awarded him the renounced order of Sannyasa. Alongside his official responsibilities, Bhakti Charu translated all of Srila Prabhupada\u2019s works on major Vedic literatures, consisting of more than fifty volumes of books, into Bengali.", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan."], "answer": {"text": "where he began his commentary and translation work of the Sanskrit work Bhagavata Purana.", "answer_start": 96}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a following?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he recognized for anything else?", "answer": {"text": "he started the publication called Back to Godhead,", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#5", "question": "were his writings famous?", "rewrite": "were A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada writings famous?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan.", "After learning that A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of the Hare Krishna movement in the Western world had rented a store front in New York, he befriended him, visiting him often and suggesting publishers for his books, and a fruitful relationship began. This relationship is documented by Satsvarupa dasa Goswami in his biographical account \"Srila Prabhupada Lilamrta\". Ginsberg donated money, materials, and his reputation to help the Swami establish the first temple, and toured with him to promote his cause. Despite disagreeing with many of Bhaktivedanta Swami's required prohibitions, Ginsberg often sang the Hare Krishna mantra publicly as part of his philosophy and declared that it brought a state of ecstasy. He was glad that Bhaktivedanta Swami, an authentic swami from India, was now trying to spread the chanting in America. Along with other counterculture ideologists like Timothy Leary, Gary Snyder, and Alan Watts, Ginsberg hoped to incorporate Bhaktivedanta Swami and his chanting into the hippie movement, and agreed to take part in the Mantra-Rock Dance concert and to introduce the swami to the Haight-Ashbury hippie community. On January 17, 1967, Ginsberg helped plan and organize a reception for Bhaktivedanta Swami at San Francisco International Airport, where fifty to a hundred hippies greeted the Swami, chanting Hare Krishna in the airport lounge with flowers in hands. To further support and promote Bhaktivendata Swami's message and chanting in San Francisco, Allen Ginsberg agreed to attend the Mantra-Rock Dance, a musical event 1967 held at the Avalon Ballroom by the San Francisco Hare Krishna temple. It featured some leading rock bands of the time:", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a following?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he recognized for anything else?", "answer": {"text": "he started the publication called Back to Godhead,", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything else?", "answer": {"text": "where he began his commentary and translation work of the Sanskrit work Bhagavata Purana.", "answer_start": 96, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#6", "question": "When was Back to Godhead written?", "rewrite": "When was A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Back to Godhead written?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Back to Godhead  Back to Godhead, also known as \"BTG,\" is the main magazine of the Hare Krishna Movement. The magazine was founded by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in 1944. It was originally published by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and later by Satsvarupa dasa Goswami and Jayadvaita Swami. Back to Godhead is a monthly color magazine which covers all aspects of the philosophy and practice of Krishna consciousness as taught by Srila Prabhupada. Some recurring features include lectures by Srila Prabhupada, tours of Indian holy places, interviews with Hare Krishna devotees, Krishna conscious perspectives on issues of the day, excerpts from Vedic scriptures, and tips on practicing spiritual life in the modern age \u201cWe should always keep Krishna within our minds, for Krishna is like the sun. Where there is Krishna, Maya or ignorance cannot exist. This is the motto of our Back to Godhead magazine.\u201d Published in English language, the Malayam language version of \"BTG\", named \"Bhagavad Darshanam\", was launched in 2010. BTG is also available in Marathi language, named \"Jau Davachya Gavi\". Six purposes of Back to Godhead Magazine", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead  , the Supreme Personality of Godhead, also known as the KRSNA Book, is a summary and commentary on the Tenth Canto of the \"\u015ar\u012bmad Bh\u0101gavatam\" by A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, founder-acharya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). It was published in 1970 by the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. The publication was financed through a contribution of $19,000 from George Harrison, who also supplied the book's foreword. In 1967, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada had experienced a severe heart attack and wondered whether he would live to present the world with a translated version of the \"divine pastimes\" of Krishna on earth. Prabhupada had translated the Second Canto of the \"\u015ar\u012bmad Bh\u0101gavatam\", but knew that many years of work remained before he would reach the Tenth Canto, where these accounts of Krishna are contained. He therefore decided to write \"Krishna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead\", also known as \"KRSNA Book\", before undertaking the remaining cantos. Once Prabhupada had completed the manuscript, he requested that Shyamsundar Das, one of the founding devotees of the Radha Krishna Temple in London, ask George Harrison of the Beatles if he would finance its publication. The sum required was $19,000 for an initial print run of 5000 copies. Harrison's support for the Hare Krishna movement had been crucial to the establishment of ISKCON's UK operation in 1969, and his production of the London devotees' hit single \"Hare Krishna Mantra\" had promoted ISKCON and the 5000-year-old Maha Mantra worldwide.", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan."], "answer": {"text": "In 1944,", "answer_start": 240}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a following?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he recognized for anything else?", "answer": {"text": "he started the publication called Back to Godhead,", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything else?", "answer": {"text": "where he began his commentary and translation work of the Sanskrit work Bhagavata Purana.", "answer_start": 96, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were his writings famous?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#7", "question": "Anythign else interesing?", "rewrite": "Aside from A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious leadership, is there anything else interesting?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Bhakti Charu Swami Bhakti Charu Swami is a Vaishnava swami and a religious leader of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He is a Guru and a member of the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON. Previously he was simultaneously acting as ISKCON's minister of arts and culture. He is an initiated disciple of ISKCON's founder, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and has translated Shrila Prabhupada's literary works in Bengali and also produced a television serial on Prabhupada's life entitled \"Abhay Charan\". He's also serving on an advisory panel of I-Foundation, a leading Hindu charity organisation in the United Kingdom. Bhakti Charu Swami was born in Bengal in 1945, and spent most of his early life in the city of Calcutta. In 1970 he left India to study in Germany. He came across Vedic literatures while in Germany. In 1975 he returned to India to pursue spiritual life, and studied the Vedic scriptures. Bhakti Charu Swami joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple in Mayapur. When A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada) returned to India at the end of 1976, Bhakti Charu met him. Srila Prabhupada gave him the assignment of translating his books into Bengali and made him his Secretary for Indian Affairs. Within a few months Srila Prabhupada initiated him into the disciplic succession and soon thereafter awarded him the renounced order of Sannyasa. Alongside his official responsibilities, Bhakti Charu translated all of Srila Prabhupada\u2019s works on major Vedic literatures, consisting of more than fifty volumes of books, into Bengali.", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan.", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian"], "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta, (bhakti-vedanta) meaning", "answer_start": 895}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a following?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he recognized for anything else?", "answer": {"text": "he started the publication called Back to Godhead,", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything else?", "answer": {"text": "where he began his commentary and translation work of the Sanskrit work Bhagavata Purana.", "answer_start": 96, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were his writings famous?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Back to Godhead written?", "answer": {"text": "In 1944,", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#8", "question": "what did it mean?", "rewrite": "what did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada's Religious Journey mean?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan.", "Bhakti Charu Swami Bhakti Charu Swami is a Vaishnava swami and a religious leader of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). He is a Guru and a member of the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON. Previously he was simultaneously acting as ISKCON's minister of arts and culture. He is an initiated disciple of ISKCON's founder, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and has translated Shrila Prabhupada's literary works in Bengali and also produced a television serial on Prabhupada's life entitled \"Abhay Charan\". He's also serving on an advisory panel of I-Foundation, a leading Hindu charity organisation in the United Kingdom. Bhakti Charu Swami was born in Bengal in 1945, and spent most of his early life in the city of Calcutta. In 1970 he left India to study in Germany. He came across Vedic literatures while in Germany. In 1975 he returned to India to pursue spiritual life, and studied the Vedic scriptures. Bhakti Charu Swami joined the International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple in Mayapur. When A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada) returned to India at the end of 1976, Bhakti Charu met him. Srila Prabhupada gave him the assignment of translating his books into Bengali and made him his Secretary for Indian Affairs. Within a few months Srila Prabhupada initiated him into the disciplic succession and soon thereafter awarded him the renounced order of Sannyasa. Alongside his official responsibilities, Bhakti Charu translated all of Srila Prabhupada\u2019s works on major Vedic literatures, consisting of more than fifty volumes of books, into Bengali.", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga.", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages."], "answer": {"text": "\"one who has realised that devotional service to the Supreme Lord is the end of all knowledge\" (with the words Bhakti, indicating devotion and Vedanta indicating conclusive knowledge).", "answer_start": 1016}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a following?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he recognized for anything else?", "answer": {"text": "he started the publication called Back to Godhead,", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything else?", "answer": {"text": "where he began his commentary and translation work of the Sanskrit work Bhagavata Purana.", "answer_start": 96, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were his writings famous?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Back to Godhead written?", "answer": {"text": "In 1944,", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anythign else interesing?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta, (bhakti-vedanta) meaning", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4be699bf154d452a927616d5a05abf6a_0_q#9", "question": "Where did he live?", "rewrite": "Where did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada live?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lokanatha Swami Lokanath Swami (born 1949) is an ISKCON guru from India. He is a senior disciple of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (the founder of ISKCON). Lokanatha Swami oversees ISKCON activities and preaching in Maharashtra and Noida, and serves on the Governing Body Commission of ISKCON as a Minister of Padayatra. Lokanatha Swami is involved with various worldwide ISKCON preaching activities. He travels in India and in the West, giving discourses on Bhagavad Gita and other Hindu texts. Lokanatha Swami was born in Aravade, a small village Maharashtra, India. He pursued his secondary education from Wellington College, Sangli and moved to Bombay to study Chemistry at Kirti College. In the year 1971, after meeting A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and his western disciples at a preaching program in Mumbai, he \"forsook his study of chemistry in favour of studying the Bhagavad Gita\" and joined ISKCON. He took sannyasa (renounced order of life) in 1975. In 1976 he inaugurated the Padayatra walking pilgrimage tour of India where, together with a group of Hare Krishna devotees, a cart and religious books, \"he treaded his way on foot across India, preaching the knowledge of sanatana dharma\". In 1989 he inaugurated the same preaching program in America. Since then, Padayatra has become instrumental in propagation of Krishna consciousness. In 1986 Lokanatha Swami was appointed an initiating guru in ISKCON. In 1996 he was responsible for organising a celebration of 100th Anniversary of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in India. In English In Hindi In Marathi In Gujarati In Russian", "Harikesa Swami Harikesa dasa, formerly known as Harikesa Swami and by the honorific Vishnupad (born Robert Campagnola), was one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada and a guru within the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (commonly known as 'the Hare Krishnas' or ISKCON). He personally met the founder of ISKCON, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, in Brooklyn, while recording the Prabhupada's music in July 1971. Harikesa Swami was initiated by Prabhupada in New York, July 1971, and given the name \"Harikesa dasa\". When the founder of the ISKCON religious movement left, the leadership of the faith was divided up on 12 of the most prominent disciples of the Guru, and Harikesa was one of them. The world was divided into 12 different preaching zones, and the leader for each zone was called acarya. The zone of leadership for Harikesa was northern Europe, including Scandinavia, Germany, Switzerland and Austria, and the East European countries and the whole of the Soviet Union. Under the leadership of Harikesa, the ISKCON faith was spread widely over all of his allotted zone, and the number of members and centres of ISKCON multiplied in the area. The preaching efforts were dependent on having translation of the books written by the leader of the ISKCON movement, A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, and under the direction of Harikesa a new branch of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust publishing house in Sweden, and collected around him new members of the ISKCON movement who could translate the collected books to their respective languages.", "After learning that A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of the Hare Krishna movement in the Western world had rented a store front in New York, he befriended him, visiting him often and suggesting publishers for his books, and a fruitful relationship began. This relationship is documented by Satsvarupa dasa Goswami in his biographical account \"Srila Prabhupada Lilamrta\". Ginsberg donated money, materials, and his reputation to help the Swami establish the first temple, and toured with him to promote his cause. Despite disagreeing with many of Bhaktivedanta Swami's required prohibitions, Ginsberg often sang the Hare Krishna mantra publicly as part of his philosophy and declared that it brought a state of ecstasy. He was glad that Bhaktivedanta Swami, an authentic swami from India, was now trying to spread the chanting in America. Along with other counterculture ideologists like Timothy Leary, Gary Snyder, and Alan Watts, Ginsberg hoped to incorporate Bhaktivedanta Swami and his chanting into the hippie movement, and agreed to take part in the Mantra-Rock Dance concert and to introduce the swami to the Haight-Ashbury hippie community. On January 17, 1967, Ginsberg helped plan and organize a reception for Bhaktivedanta Swami at San Francisco International Airport, where fifty to a hundred hippies greeted the Swami, chanting Hare Krishna in the airport lounge with flowers in hands. To further support and promote Bhaktivendata Swami's message and chanting in San Francisco, Allen Ginsberg agreed to attend the Mantra-Rock Dance, a musical event 1967 held at the Avalon Ballroom by the San Francisco Hare Krishna temple. It featured some leading rock bands of the time:", "Giriraja Swami Giriraj Swami is an initiating guru within the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) and one of the leading disciples of A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder of ISKCON. Giriraj Swami was born Glenn Phillip Teton, the only son of a respected Chicago lawyer who was later appointed judge. In March 1969, while studying at Brandeis University in Boston, he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, the founder-\"acarya\" of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), from whom, he felt, he learned more in one brief exchange than he had learned in his many years of academic education. After graduating from Brandeis \"cum laude\", he accepted formal initiation from Srila Prabhupada and received the spiritual name Giriraj das. Giriraj quickly became a leading member of the Boston center, and he was soon given the opportunity to go to India with Srila Prabhupada and helped establish Prabhupada's mission there. In 1972, Giriraj was appointed by Prabhupada to be president of ISKCON Bombay and trustee of the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. Since then, he has made many significant contributions to Srila Prabhupada's mission, most notably overseeing all aspects of the development of Hare Krishna Land in Juhu, Bombay. He was instrumental in the acquisition and development of Bhaktivedanta Ashram in Govardhan and led the development of the Kirtan Ashram for women, the Bhaktivedanta Hospice, and the Vrindavan Institute of Palliative Care, all in Vrindavan.", "A.C. Bhativedanta Swami Prabhupada has sung: \u015ar\u012b-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a-Caitanya r\u0101dh\u0101-k\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e47a nahe anya (Lord Shri Krishna Caitanya is non-different from Radha-Krishna) - as He Lord Chaitanya is Krishna himself in the mood of his best devotee - Shrimati Radharani - who excels everyone in her service, love and devotion to the Lord. His principle teachings are that the soul or the living entity is the eternal servant of Lord Krishna and it can obtain true happiness only by serving him with love and devotion and that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is the only means of spiritual realization in this age. Within ISKCON, A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada propagated that whoever hears, reads, or speaks the name \"\" is blessed with fortune and happiness due to Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's extraordinary saintly nature. A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada distributed Krishna Consciousness throughout the entire world in only ten short years after he had departed from India on His preaching mission as instructed by his Guru Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati Thakur Prabhupada. New York City Gaudiya Vaishnava devotees have been recently known to ask random pedestrians \"Can you guys say Gauranga? \" enlightening the pedestrians with dance and song in the streets of New York City. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0omEz4tcOM . A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada promoted singing Gauranga's Name and dancing in the streets as one of the most important and effective ways to help distribute the mercy of Lord Gauranga."], "answer": {"text": "From 1950 onwards, he lived at the medieval Radha-Damodar mandir in the holy town of Vrindavan,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada religious journey start?", "answer": {"text": "In 1922, when he first met his spiritual master, Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura, he was requested to spread the message of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in the English language.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else with Bhaktisiddhanta?", "answer": {"text": "In 1933 he became a formally initiated disciple of Bhaktisiddhanta.", "answer_start": 172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a following?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta,", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he recognized for anything else?", "answer": {"text": "he started the publication called Back to Godhead,", "answer_start": 305, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything else?", "answer": {"text": "where he began his commentary and translation work of the Sanskrit work Bhagavata Purana.", "answer_start": 96, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "were his writings famous?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Back to Godhead written?", "answer": {"text": "In 1944,", "answer_start": 240, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Anythign else interesing?", "answer": {"text": "In 1947, the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society recognised his scholarship with the title Bhaktivedanta, (bhakti-vedanta) meaning", "answer_start": 895, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did it mean?", "answer": {"text": "\"one who has realised that devotional service to the Supreme Lord is the end of all knowledge\" (with the words Bhakti, indicating devotion and Vedanta indicating conclusive knowledge).", "answer_start": 1016, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#0", "question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "rewrite": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Verve Forecast Records Verve Forecast Records is a record label formed as a division of Verve in 1967 to concentrate on pop, rock, and folk music. Jerry Schoenbaum of Verve and Moe Asch of Folkways created Verve Folkways in 1964 to take advantage of the popularity of folk music. To broaden the label's appeal, the named was changed from Verve Folkways to Verve Forecast in 1967. Schoenbaum was president of the label. Schoenbaum left in 1969, and Verve Forecast was closed by its parent company, MGM, in 1970. After PolyGram bought MGM, the Verve Forecast catalog was incorporated into Polydor. The label was revived in the 1990s for smooth jazz releases by Chris Botti, Jeff Lorber, and Will Downing. When PolyGram merged with Universal, the imprint was deactivated and its roster was transferred to GRP. In 2004, Verve Forecast was revived again to replace Blue Thumb to handle acts outside of jazz. Verve Forecast signed pop, rock, folk, and blues musicians such as The Blues Project, Caravan, James Cotton, Friend & Lover, Tim Hardin, Richie Havens, The Hombres, John Lee Hooker, Lightnin' Hopkins, Janis Ian, Jim and Jean, Lead Belly, Bob Lind, The New Lost City Ramblers, Laura Nyro, Odetta, Street, and Dave Van Ronk. After 2004, the label included Blues Traveler, Jamie Cullum, Dion, Jesse Harris, Katharine McPhee, Susan Tedeschi, Teddy Thompson, and Lizz Wright.", "Davit V Davit V may refer to:", "Verve (Indian magazine) Verve is India's premier and only home-grown luxury and lifestyle magazine for women that has been in publication since 1995. The magazine celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2015. \"Verve\" was launched in 1995. Anuradha Mahindra, wife of industrialist Anand Mahindra, is the founder, editor and publisher. Mala Vaishnav is the managing editor of the publication and Falguni Kapadia is the CEO. \"Verve\" magazine is an Indian magazine, not owned or run by a foreign company. About 80 per cent of its readership is in cities. The south Mumbai-based publishing organisation also produces specialised in-house magazines, coffee-table books and supplements for leading brands. The luxury magazine focuses on women's lifestyle, including trends, national and international fashion, arts and culture, beauty, travel, food and spaces. Verve is known for its strong people focus, with in-depth interviews with famous people, Bollywood stories and also remains a platform for the discovery of new talent. \"Verve\" has an annual Power Issue (curated list of the power women of the year in June), the annual Best Dressed Issue (curated list of the best dressed women of the year in October) and the January fresh list which has a curated list of young achievers. \"Verve\" has an art-themed issue in July and bridal issue in September. \"Verve\" celebrates its anniversary in December. \"Verve\" started out as a quarterly publication in 1995. It then became a bi-monthly (coming out every 2 months) in 2005 and finally made the change over to a monthly in 2007 to keep pace with growing readership demands. \"Verve\" has a Verve Man supplement that started in 2009 as an annual property, and is from 2014 a bi-annual property.", "2018 PEI Tankard The 2018 PEI Tankard, the provincial men's curling championship of Prince Edward Island, was held from January 13 to 9 at the Cornwall Curling Club in Cornwall, Prince Edward Island. The winning Eddie MacKenzie team represented Prince Edward Island at the 2018 Tim Hortons Brier. The teams are listed as follows: \"Sunday, January 7, 1:00 pm\" \"MacKenzie needed to be beaten twice\"", "Verve Records Verve Records, also known as The Verve Music Group, founded in 1956 by Norman Granz, is home to the world's largest jazz catalogue and includes recordings by artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone, Stan Getz, Bill Evans and Billie Holiday, among others. It absorbed the catalogues of Granz's earlier labels, Clef Records, founded in 1946, Norgran Records, founded in 1953, and material previously licensed to Mercury Records. Verve also served as the original home of rock music acts such as The Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. The restructured Verve Records is now part of the Verve Label Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. This company is also home to historic imprints including Verve Forecast, Impulse and Decca Records. Norman Granz created Verve to produce new recordings by Ella Fitzgerald, whom he managed; the first album the label released was \"Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Song Book\". The catalog grew throughout the 1950s and 1960s to include Charlie Parker, Bill Evans, Stan Getz, Billie Holiday, Oscar Peterson, Ben Webster, and Lester Young. By 1960, Granz neared retirement. Milton Rudin, his attorney, represented Frank Sinatra and knew that Sinatra wanted his own label. Sinatra and Granz made a handshake deal, but negotiations broke down over price and Sinatra's desire that Granz remain head of the label. Granz sold Verve to MGM in 1961. Sinatra established Reprise Records and hired Mo Ostin, an executive at Verve, to run it. At Verve, Creed Taylor was made head producer. Taylor adopted a more commercial approach, canceling several contracts. He brought bossa nova to America with the release of \"Jazz Samba\" by Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd, \"Getz/Gilberto\", and \"Rain Forest\" by Walter Wanderley."], "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#1", "question": "was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was the Verve's album, A Northern Soul, successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["As of 2009, Paul O'Grady has included a \"Northern Soul Triple\" in his weekly BBC Radio 2 show. He plays three Northern soul hits, often at the request of his listeners. The Northern soul movement inspired the film \"Soulboy\" (2010), directed by Shimmy Marcus, and at least one novel: \" Do I Love You?\" (2008) by Paul McDonald. In June 2010, theatre director Fiona Laird wrote and directed \"Keeping the Faith\", a musical based on the Wigan Casino scene and featuring Northern soul music. It was staged at the Central School of Speech and Drama's Webber Douglas Studio, with a revival at the same venue in September 2010. The music of Yorkshire singer John Newman has been described as 'Northern soul', including his No. 1 hit \" Love Me Again\". One version of the video for the song features stereotypical Northern soul dancing. Additionally, the track samples the famous soul drum break from James Brown's \"Funky Drummer\", performed by Clyde Stubblefield. In the book \"Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: the history of the DJ\", the authors describe Northern soul as \"a genre built from failures\", stating: \"... Northern Soul was the music made by hundreds of singers and bands who were copying the Detroit sound of Motown pop. Most of the records were complete failures in their own time and place... but in Northern England from the end of the 1960s through to its heyday in the middle 1970s, were exhumed and exalted.\" The music style most associated with Northern soul is the heavy, syncopated beat and fast tempo of mid-1960s Motown Records, which was usually combined with soulful vocals. These types of records, which suited the athletic dancing that was prevalent, became known on the scene as \"stompers\".", "A Northern Soul A Northern Soul is the second studio album by English alternative rock band The Verve. The album was released in the United Kingdom on 20 June 1995 on the Hut label and in the United States on 3 July 1995 on Vernon Yard Records. The title is a reference to Northern Soul, a popular soul movement in Britain during the 1970s. \"A Northern Soul\" was a moderate success upon release, charting at number 13 in the UK, and has since after its release received critical acclaim, as well as being ranked high in readers polls in popular music publications. Following their performance at Lollapalooza in 1994, The Verve returned to their Wigan-based practice room to begin writing and recording songs for their second studio album. Commenting on the effect that working in the \"dark rehearsal room\" had on the band's songwriting process, frontman Richard Ashcroft stated:  Initially, the band tried to record the LP inside the rehearsal room itself, so that \"they could record as they had been rehearsing\", but, when this approach proved to be impossible, they relocated the recording sessions to rural Wales with producer Owen Morris. Tom Hiney, writing for \"The Guardian\" in September 1997, claimed that the band's experience of recording during this period was \"intense and morose, but it produced an album that will still be listened to in 30 years' time.\" After encountering difficulties during the recording of their debut album, the band decided to take a more focused approach to the recording of \"A Northern Soul\", with bassist Simon Jones stating, \"I was like, 'I'm not going through that again. We are writing these songs before we even step through the doors.' \"", "Craig Charles represents Northern Soul in \"The Craig Charles Funk and Soul Show\" on BBC's Radio 6 Music. Northern soul has influenced several notable musicians. Terry Christian \u2014 in his 2008 article about Northern soul for \"The Times\" \u2014 wrote: \"There's an instant credibility for any artist or brand associated with a scene that has always been wild, free and grassroots.\" The Northern soul subculture has spawned a number of memoirs, novels and short stories. Maxwell Murray's \"Crackin Up: A Tale of Sex Drugs and Northern Soul\" was published in 1999. Ian Snowball and Pete McKenna published \"In the Blood\" in 2012 and a volume including their \"All Souled Out\" short stories and \"Nightshift\" memoir in 2013. Both focus on the East London scene. Chris Rose's 2014 \"Wood, Talc and Mr J\" takes a more literary approach and is based on the Sheffield scene. The \"Mr J\" in the title is Chuck Jackson. Northern Soul also features in Nick Hornby's \"Juliet, Naked\". \"Northern Soul\" is the title of a 2012 theatre piece by the British visual and performance artist, Victoria Melody. According to a description on the Solo Theatre website, 'Victoria, an untrained dancer, has been travelling the dance halls and living rooms of England being taught to dance by Northern Soul's ex-champions. Northern Soul draws on those investigations and explores the \u2018soul of the north\u2019 using film and original Northern Soul dance moves.' Films set in the Northern soul scene include 2010's \"Soulboy\" and 2014's \"Northern Soul\".", "Many argue that Northern soul was instrumental in creating a network of clubs, DJs, record collectors and dealers in the UK, and was the first music scene to provide the British charts with records that sold entirely on the strength of club play. A technique employed by northern soul DJs in common with their later counterparts was the sequencing of records to create euphoric highs and lows for the crowd. DJ, Laurence 'Larry' Proxton being known for this method. DJ personalities and their followers involved in the original Northern soul movement went on to become important figures in the house and dance music scenes. Notable among these are Mike Pickering, who introduced house music to the Ha\u00e7ienda in Manchester in the 1980s, the influential DJ Colin Curtis, Neil Rushton the A&R manager of the House music record label Kool Kat Music and the dance record producers Pete Waterman, Johnathan Woodliffe, Ian Dewhirst and Ian Levine. Former Casino DJ Richard Searling presents a weekly radio show on BBC Radio Manchester and BBC Radio Stoke plus SOLAR Radio (Sunday Lunch time 12-2pm ) Sky 0129 dedicated to Northern Soul, whilst John Kane's Northern Soul is broadcast across various BBC local radio stations in the North of England. Northern Soul with Tony Deller is broadcast each week on Cambridge community radio station Cambridge 105. Australian DJ and PBS FM radio presenter Vince Peach absorbed the Northern Soul culture at the Twisted Wheel, (where he also DJed), and took it to Australia in 1982, commencing a dedicated radio programme \"Soul Time\" in 1984, which continues and is believed to be the longest running Soul program in the World. The Northern Soul Show with Stuart Blackburn has been broadcast weekly across various internet radio stations since 2010, and can also be heard on Perth's British radio station UKWA Radio on 87.8FM in Perth's North Coast.", "Neil Rushton Neil Rushton is a British journalist, DJ, record dealer, record label entrepreneur, event promoter and author who is closely associated with the Northern soul scene. Rushton was born in Birmingham in the mid-1950s, but moved to nearby Walsall at the age of 10 and now lives in Burntwood, near Lichfield. He developed a passion for black American music during the late 1960s and first became involved in the Northern soul scene in the early 1970s, attending Northern soul events such as The Catacombs in Wolverhampton and the Golden Torch in Tunstall, Stoke-on-Trent. In 1975, aged 21, Neil promoted a Northern soul event at the Queen Mary's Ballroon in Dudley Zoo. He then went on to found the \"Heart of England Soul Club\" (HESC) and organise and promote hugely successful Northern soul and Jazz Funk \"all-dayers\" at Tiffany's in Coalville, Leicestershire and later The Ritz in Manchester and Blackpool Mecca. The 1977 \"Blackpool Mecca Soul Festival\" was organised in conjunction with DJs Ian Levine and Colin Curtis, featured the US band Brass Construction and was attended by 3200 people. HESC events were notable for their eclectic music policy, which was designed to appeal equally to fans of the traditional Northern soul sound along with those who followed the more contemporary sounds of Jazz Funk and Disco. This split in the Northern soul scene was reflected in the schism between regulars at the Blackpool Mecca and Wigan Casino soul nights at the time. Later that decade, he founded \"Inferno Records\" which specialised in the licensing and reissuing of music made popular on the Northern soul scene. Amongst Inferno Record's releases were two popular Northern soul compilation LPs, \"Out On The Floor Tonight\" and \"Soul Galore\" and a reissue of Freda Payne's \"Band of Gold\" on 7\"."], "answer": {"text": "The band released the album's first single \"This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35,", "answer_start": 663}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#2", "question": "did it have any other music?", "rewrite": "Aside from \"This Is Music\", did The Verve have any other music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Verve Records Verve Records, also known as The Verve Music Group, founded in 1956 by Norman Granz, is home to the world's largest jazz catalogue and includes recordings by artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone, Stan Getz, Bill Evans and Billie Holiday, among others. It absorbed the catalogues of Granz's earlier labels, Clef Records, founded in 1946, Norgran Records, founded in 1953, and material previously licensed to Mercury Records. Verve also served as the original home of rock music acts such as The Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. The restructured Verve Records is now part of the Verve Label Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. This company is also home to historic imprints including Verve Forecast, Impulse and Decca Records. Norman Granz created Verve to produce new recordings by Ella Fitzgerald, whom he managed; the first album the label released was \"Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Song Book\". The catalog grew throughout the 1950s and 1960s to include Charlie Parker, Bill Evans, Stan Getz, Billie Holiday, Oscar Peterson, Ben Webster, and Lester Young. By 1960, Granz neared retirement. Milton Rudin, his attorney, represented Frank Sinatra and knew that Sinatra wanted his own label. Sinatra and Granz made a handshake deal, but negotiations broke down over price and Sinatra's desire that Granz remain head of the label. Granz sold Verve to MGM in 1961. Sinatra established Reprise Records and hired Mo Ostin, an executive at Verve, to run it. At Verve, Creed Taylor was made head producer. Taylor adopted a more commercial approach, canceling several contracts. He brought bossa nova to America with the release of \"Jazz Samba\" by Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd, \"Getz/Gilberto\", and \"Rain Forest\" by Walter Wanderley.", "Verve (Indian magazine) Verve is India's premier and only home-grown luxury and lifestyle magazine for women that has been in publication since 1995. The magazine celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2015. \"Verve\" was launched in 1995. Anuradha Mahindra, wife of industrialist Anand Mahindra, is the founder, editor and publisher. Mala Vaishnav is the managing editor of the publication and Falguni Kapadia is the CEO. \"Verve\" magazine is an Indian magazine, not owned or run by a foreign company. About 80 per cent of its readership is in cities. The south Mumbai-based publishing organisation also produces specialised in-house magazines, coffee-table books and supplements for leading brands. The luxury magazine focuses on women's lifestyle, including trends, national and international fashion, arts and culture, beauty, travel, food and spaces. Verve is known for its strong people focus, with in-depth interviews with famous people, Bollywood stories and also remains a platform for the discovery of new talent. \"Verve\" has an annual Power Issue (curated list of the power women of the year in June), the annual Best Dressed Issue (curated list of the best dressed women of the year in October) and the January fresh list which has a curated list of young achievers. \"Verve\" has an art-themed issue in July and bridal issue in September. \"Verve\" celebrates its anniversary in December. \"Verve\" started out as a quarterly publication in 1995. It then became a bi-monthly (coming out every 2 months) in 2005 and finally made the change over to a monthly in 2007 to keep pace with growing readership demands. \"Verve\" has a Verve Man supplement that started in 2009 as an annual property, and is from 2014 a bi-annual property.", "Verve's notable arrangers included Claus Ogerman and Oliver Nelson. According to Ogerman in \"Jazzletter\", he arranged 60\u201370 albums for Verve from 1963\u20131967. In 1964, Taylor supervised the creation of a folk music subsidiary named Verve Folkways, later renamed Verve Forecast. Taylor left Verve in 1967 to form CTI Records. Aside from jazz, Verve's catalogue included the Righteous Brothers, the Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa & the Mothers of Invention, Rare Earth, and the Blues Project, as well as a series of \"Sound Impressions of an American on Tour\" records, produced in cooperation with \"Esquire\" Magazine. While the Velvet Underground's records did not sell well initially, they went on to become a major influence in independent rock music. Their debut album, \"The Velvet Underground & Nico\", is hailed as one of the greatest records of all time while their second album, \"White Light/White Heat\", has a major cult following for its bold, noisy sound and poetically provocative lyricism. In the 1970s, Verve became part of PolyGram, incorporating the Mercury/EmArcy jazz catalog, which Philips, part owners of PolyGram, had earlier acquired. Verve Records became the Verve Music Group after PolyGram was merged with Seagram's Universal Music Group in 1999. The jazz holdings from the merged companies were folded into this sub-group. in 1990, British group Talk Talk signed to Polydor after conflicts with their previous label EMI regarding a lack of commercial allure on their fourth album, \"Spirit of Eden\". Their fifth and final album, \"Laughing Stock\", was released through Verve on September 16, 1991 and, while being slightly divisive at the time, has since been reconsidered by critics and fans as their masterpiece and a precursor to the post-rock movement.", "Verve Forecast Records Verve Forecast Records is a record label formed as a division of Verve in 1967 to concentrate on pop, rock, and folk music. Jerry Schoenbaum of Verve and Moe Asch of Folkways created Verve Folkways in 1964 to take advantage of the popularity of folk music. To broaden the label's appeal, the named was changed from Verve Folkways to Verve Forecast in 1967. Schoenbaum was president of the label. Schoenbaum left in 1969, and Verve Forecast was closed by its parent company, MGM, in 1970. After PolyGram bought MGM, the Verve Forecast catalog was incorporated into Polydor. The label was revived in the 1990s for smooth jazz releases by Chris Botti, Jeff Lorber, and Will Downing. When PolyGram merged with Universal, the imprint was deactivated and its roster was transferred to GRP. In 2004, Verve Forecast was revived again to replace Blue Thumb to handle acts outside of jazz. Verve Forecast signed pop, rock, folk, and blues musicians such as The Blues Project, Caravan, James Cotton, Friend & Lover, Tim Hardin, Richie Havens, The Hombres, John Lee Hooker, Lightnin' Hopkins, Janis Ian, Jim and Jean, Lead Belly, Bob Lind, The New Lost City Ramblers, Laura Nyro, Odetta, Street, and Dave Van Ronk. After 2004, the label included Blues Traveler, Jamie Cullum, Dion, Jesse Harris, Katharine McPhee, Susan Tedeschi, Teddy Thompson, and Lizz Wright.", "Verve Remixed Verve Remixed is a series of albums released by Verve Records centered on the concept of classic Verve tracks, remixed by contemporary electronic music producers and DJs. The series has proven to be very popular, both with fans of the original recordings and with younger generations of music listeners, many of whom are exposed to the classic jazz and blues artists for the first time. In addition to the albums that include the remixes, each volume of the series has a companion album titled \"Verve Unmixed\", containing all of the music in its original form. The three original \"Verve Remixed\" albums are also available as a boxed set, \"The Complete Verve Remixed Deluxe Box\", along with a bonus album, \"Verve Remixed Plus\". A Christmas music edition of the series was released in late 2008."], "answer": {"text": "It was followed by \"On Your Own\"", "answer_start": 793}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The band released the album's first single \"This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#3", "question": "how was that received?", "rewrite": "how was \"On Your Own\" received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["28, received a bonus disc with live songs from November 20, 2010 at John Paul Jones Arena in Charlottesville, VA. Members of the Warehouse received a disc with eight tracks and non-members received only the first five. Fans who pre-ordered Live Trax Vol. 32, received a bonus disc with live songs from August 22, 2014 at William Randolph Hearst Greek Theater in Berkeley, CA. Members of the Warehouse received a disc with eight tracks and non-members received only the first five. Fans who pre-ordered Live Trax Vol. 36, received a bonus disc with live songs from July 25, 2015 at Alpine Valley Music Theatre in Elkhorn, WI. Members of the Warehouse received a disc with eight tracks and non-members received only the first five. Fans who pre-ordered Live Trax Vol. 40, received a bonus disc with live songs from Madison Square Garden in New York, NY recorded on December 22, 2002. Members of the Warehouse received a disc with eight tracks and non-members received only the first five. Fans who pre-ordered Live Trax Vol. 44, received a bonus disc with live songs from the 2016 weekend at The Gorge. Members of the Warehouse received a disc with eight tracks and non-members received only the first five. Given to fans who pre-ordered Come Tomorrow released on June 8, 2018. Members of the Warehouse received a disc including ten tracks and non-members received a dic of the first seven tracks. Provided exclusively to Warehouse fan club members who had pre-ordered Live Trax Vol. 46 release. The Warehouse Edition of the Bonus Disc contains 8 tracks, while there is another version of this Bonus Disc only containing 5 tracks that was provided for non-fan club members who had pre-ordered Live Trax Vol. 46 release.", ">Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 1996, Mary D. Taylor received 498 votes; Anthony Burton received 424 votes; Greg Voehringer received 327 votes; Tom Jeanette received 222 votes; Del Gill received 199 votes; Bill Taylor received 179 votes; Johnny E. Kelly received 156 votes; Don Fox received 146 votes; and write-ins received 10 votes. In 1998, Johnny Kelly received 775 votes; Greg Voehringer received 567 votes; and write-ins received 2 votes. In 2000, write-ins received 36 votes. In 2002, write-ins received 148 votes. In 2004, Jim Maynard received 166 votes. 2006 Democratic Primary for U.S. Senate (TN) <nowiki>*</nowiki >Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 2006, David \"None of the Above\" Gatchell received 3,746 votes, Emory \"Bo\" Heyward received 3,580 votes, H. Gary Keplinger received 3,033 votes and Chris Lugo (Green) received 2,589 votes.", "Alberta Greens candidates in the 2004 Alberta provincial election The Alberta Greens ran 49 candidates in the 2004 provincial election. Some of these candidates have separate biography pages; relevant information about other candidates may be found here. The candidates are listed by city/region and riding name. Received 252 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. Received 348 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. Received 254 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. Received 1,205 votes in 2004, finishing third in a field of five candidates. Received 927 votes in 2004, finishing third in a field of five candidates. Received 1,188 votes in 2004, finishing third in a field of five candidates. Received 469 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of seven candidates. Received 244 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. Received 337 votes in 2004, finishing seventh in a field of seven candidates. Received 360 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates. Received 381 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. Received 381 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. Received 366 votes in 2004, finishing third in a field of six candidates. Received 272 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. Received 386 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. Received 355 votes in 2004, finishing fourth in a field of six candidates. Received 287 votes in 2004, finishing fourth in a field of six candidates. Received 240 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. Received 245 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of six candidates. Received 362 votes in 2004, finishing sixth in a field of six candidates. Received 245 votes in 2004, finishing fifth in a field of five candidates.", "His works on traditional healing remains a point of reference among Yoruba Muslim healers in Nigeria and other areas of the Muslim world. Ahmad al-Buni also left a list of other titles that he wrote. Unfortunately, very few of them have survived. It is stated in his work \"Manba\u2019 Usul al-Hikmah\" (\"Source of the Essentials of Wisdom\") that he acquired his knowledge of the esoteric properties of the letters from his personal teacher Abu Abdillah Shams al-Din al-Asfah\u00e2ni. He in turn received it from Jalal al-Din Abdullah al-Bistami, who in turn received it from Shaykh al-Sarajani, who received it from Qasim al-Sarajani, who received it from Abdullah al-Babani, who received it from As\u00eel al-Din al-Shirazi, who received it from Abu al-Naj\u00eeb al-Sahruwardi, who received it from, Mohammad ibn Mohammad Al-Ghazali al-Tusi, who received it from Ahmad al-Aswad, who received it from Hamad al-D\u00eenuri, who received it from the master Junayd of Baghdad, who received it from Sirri Saqti, who received it from Ma\u2019ruf al-Karkhi, who received it from Dawud Tai, who received it from Habib al Ajami, who received it from Imam Hasan al-Basri.", "The version printed in Cairo by al-Ma'ahid Press in the year (1921\u20131922) begins with the following chain of authorities: Its editor al-'All\u0101ma 'Abd al-W\u0101si' stated he received its contents on the authority of Sheikh 'Abd al-W\u0101si', who received it from Imam al-Q\u0101sim ibn Mohammed, who received it from Sheikh al-Sayyid Am\u012br al-D\u012bn ibn 'Abd Allah, who received it from al-Sayyid Ahmed ibn 'Abd Allah al-Waz\u012br, who received it from Imam al-Mutahhar ibn Mohammed ibn Sulayman, who received it from Imam  al-Mahdi Ahmed ibn Yahya, who received it from Sulayman ibn Ibrah\u012bm ibn 'Umar al-'Alawi, who received it from his father Ibrah\u012bm, who received it from Rida' al-D\u012bn Ibrah\u012bm ibn Mohammed al-Tabari, who received it from Imam Najm al-D\u012bn al-Tabr\u012bzi, who received it from al-Hafiz Ibn 'Asakir, who received it from Zahir al-Sinjani, who received it from al-Hafiz al-Bayhaqi, who received it from Abu al-Qasim al-Mufassir, who received it from \"Ibrah\u012bm ibn khu'ra \" (by mistake in text \"Ju'da', who received it from Abu al-Qasim ' Abd Allah ibn Ahmed ibn 'Amir al-Ta'i in Basra, who received it from Ali al-Ridha, who claimed his father Mus\u0101 claimed his father Ja'far claimed his father Muhammad claimed his father 'Ali claimed his father Husayn claimed his father 'Ali, son of Ab\u016b T\u0101lib, had heard or witnessed its contents in the company of the Prophet Muhammad."], "answer": {"text": "performed even better, reaching No. 28.", "answer_start": 840}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The band released the album's first single \"This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any other music?", "answer": {"text": "It was followed by \"On Your Own\"", "answer_start": 793, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#4", "question": "did they go on tour?", "rewrite": "did The Verve go on tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Verve (Indian magazine) Verve is India's premier and only home-grown luxury and lifestyle magazine for women that has been in publication since 1995. The magazine celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2015. \"Verve\" was launched in 1995. Anuradha Mahindra, wife of industrialist Anand Mahindra, is the founder, editor and publisher. Mala Vaishnav is the managing editor of the publication and Falguni Kapadia is the CEO. \"Verve\" magazine is an Indian magazine, not owned or run by a foreign company. About 80 per cent of its readership is in cities. The south Mumbai-based publishing organisation also produces specialised in-house magazines, coffee-table books and supplements for leading brands. The luxury magazine focuses on women's lifestyle, including trends, national and international fashion, arts and culture, beauty, travel, food and spaces. Verve is known for its strong people focus, with in-depth interviews with famous people, Bollywood stories and also remains a platform for the discovery of new talent. \"Verve\" has an annual Power Issue (curated list of the power women of the year in June), the annual Best Dressed Issue (curated list of the best dressed women of the year in October) and the January fresh list which has a curated list of young achievers. \"Verve\" has an art-themed issue in July and bridal issue in September. \"Verve\" celebrates its anniversary in December. \"Verve\" started out as a quarterly publication in 1995. It then became a bi-monthly (coming out every 2 months) in 2005 and finally made the change over to a monthly in 2007 to keep pace with growing readership demands. \"Verve\" has a Verve Man supplement that started in 2009 as an annual property, and is from 2014 a bi-annual property.", "Verve Records Verve Records, also known as The Verve Music Group, founded in 1956 by Norman Granz, is home to the world's largest jazz catalogue and includes recordings by artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone, Stan Getz, Bill Evans and Billie Holiday, among others. It absorbed the catalogues of Granz's earlier labels, Clef Records, founded in 1946, Norgran Records, founded in 1953, and material previously licensed to Mercury Records. Verve also served as the original home of rock music acts such as The Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. The restructured Verve Records is now part of the Verve Label Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. This company is also home to historic imprints including Verve Forecast, Impulse and Decca Records. Norman Granz created Verve to produce new recordings by Ella Fitzgerald, whom he managed; the first album the label released was \"Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Song Book\". The catalog grew throughout the 1950s and 1960s to include Charlie Parker, Bill Evans, Stan Getz, Billie Holiday, Oscar Peterson, Ben Webster, and Lester Young. By 1960, Granz neared retirement. Milton Rudin, his attorney, represented Frank Sinatra and knew that Sinatra wanted his own label. Sinatra and Granz made a handshake deal, but negotiations broke down over price and Sinatra's desire that Granz remain head of the label. Granz sold Verve to MGM in 1961. Sinatra established Reprise Records and hired Mo Ostin, an executive at Verve, to run it. At Verve, Creed Taylor was made head producer. Taylor adopted a more commercial approach, canceling several contracts. He brought bossa nova to America with the release of \"Jazz Samba\" by Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd, \"Getz/Gilberto\", and \"Rain Forest\" by Walter Wanderley.", "Verve Forecast Records Verve Forecast Records is a record label formed as a division of Verve in 1967 to concentrate on pop, rock, and folk music. Jerry Schoenbaum of Verve and Moe Asch of Folkways created Verve Folkways in 1964 to take advantage of the popularity of folk music. To broaden the label's appeal, the named was changed from Verve Folkways to Verve Forecast in 1967. Schoenbaum was president of the label. Schoenbaum left in 1969, and Verve Forecast was closed by its parent company, MGM, in 1970. After PolyGram bought MGM, the Verve Forecast catalog was incorporated into Polydor. The label was revived in the 1990s for smooth jazz releases by Chris Botti, Jeff Lorber, and Will Downing. When PolyGram merged with Universal, the imprint was deactivated and its roster was transferred to GRP. In 2004, Verve Forecast was revived again to replace Blue Thumb to handle acts outside of jazz. Verve Forecast signed pop, rock, folk, and blues musicians such as The Blues Project, Caravan, James Cotton, Friend & Lover, Tim Hardin, Richie Havens, The Hombres, John Lee Hooker, Lightnin' Hopkins, Janis Ian, Jim and Jean, Lead Belly, Bob Lind, The New Lost City Ramblers, Laura Nyro, Odetta, Street, and Dave Van Ronk. After 2004, the label included Blues Traveler, Jamie Cullum, Dion, Jesse Harris, Katharine McPhee, Susan Tedeschi, Teddy Thompson, and Lizz Wright.", "Verve Cup The Verve Cup Regatta was established in 1992 and is organized annually by the Chicago Yacht Club. In 2010, it became the largest offshore course race regatta in North America. The Verve provides is one-of-a-kind regatta that is a highlight of the sailing season in the Midwest U.S. The event is sailed over three days and takes place on three racing circles in Lake Michigan with the Chicago skyline as a backdrop. The competition includes offshore and inshore courses, as well as a new distance race added in 2010. As one of the only major offshore regattas held in the U.S. during the month of August, the Verve Cup has developed as a world-class event, attracting national and international sailing competitors. The Verve annually attracts 250-300 yachts to Chicago\u2019s Chicago lake front with size ranging from 25 feet up to 80 feet in length with sailing crews from 4 to 20 persons. The 2011 race is scheduled for August 18 \u2013 21, which coincides with Chicago\u2019s spectacular Air & Water Show. Competitors participate in multiple races, and boats sail either with a rating handicap or a one design so that boats of different size and character can compete against one another in one of the 18 plus racing sections. Overall prizes are awarded to the top finishers in each section, with one offshore boat winning the perpetual Verve Cup Trophy. The Verve Cup trophy dates from the late 19th century and is Chicago Yacht Club\u2019s oldest sterling silver trophy. Overall prizes are awarded for each class of sailboat. Participants are treated to three days of top quality racing, followed by food, entertainment and camaraderie making the Verve Cup a favorite competition. The regatta is organized by a volunteer committee who are committed to the tradition and passion of the sport of sailing. The Verve Cup series also includes the most popular inshore regatta in Chicago held on the following weekend in August.", "Verve's notable arrangers included Claus Ogerman and Oliver Nelson. According to Ogerman in \"Jazzletter\", he arranged 60\u201370 albums for Verve from 1963\u20131967. In 1964, Taylor supervised the creation of a folk music subsidiary named Verve Folkways, later renamed Verve Forecast. Taylor left Verve in 1967 to form CTI Records. Aside from jazz, Verve's catalogue included the Righteous Brothers, the Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa & the Mothers of Invention, Rare Earth, and the Blues Project, as well as a series of \"Sound Impressions of an American on Tour\" records, produced in cooperation with \"Esquire\" Magazine. While the Velvet Underground's records did not sell well initially, they went on to become a major influence in independent rock music. Their debut album, \"The Velvet Underground & Nico\", is hailed as one of the greatest records of all time while their second album, \"White Light/White Heat\", has a major cult following for its bold, noisy sound and poetically provocative lyricism. In the 1970s, Verve became part of PolyGram, incorporating the Mercury/EmArcy jazz catalog, which Philips, part owners of PolyGram, had earlier acquired. Verve Records became the Verve Music Group after PolyGram was merged with Seagram's Universal Music Group in 1999. The jazz holdings from the merged companies were folded into this sub-group. in 1990, British group Talk Talk signed to Polydor after conflicts with their previous label EMI regarding a lack of commercial allure on their fourth album, \"Spirit of Eden\". Their fifth and final album, \"Laughing Stock\", was released through Verve on September 16, 1991 and, while being slightly divisive at the time, has since been reconsidered by critics and fans as their masterpiece and a precursor to the post-rock movement."], "answer": {"text": "The rest of the year was spent playing and recording songs for a new album.", "answer_start": 593}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The band released the album's first single \"This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any other music?", "answer": {"text": "It was followed by \"On Your Own\"", "answer_start": 793, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received?", "answer": {"text": "performed even better, reaching No. 28.", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#5", "question": "did the have any hits?", "rewrite": "After \"On Your Own\" did The Verve have any hits?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Verve (Indian magazine) Verve is India's premier and only home-grown luxury and lifestyle magazine for women that has been in publication since 1995. The magazine celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2015. \"Verve\" was launched in 1995. Anuradha Mahindra, wife of industrialist Anand Mahindra, is the founder, editor and publisher. Mala Vaishnav is the managing editor of the publication and Falguni Kapadia is the CEO. \"Verve\" magazine is an Indian magazine, not owned or run by a foreign company. About 80 per cent of its readership is in cities. The south Mumbai-based publishing organisation also produces specialised in-house magazines, coffee-table books and supplements for leading brands. The luxury magazine focuses on women's lifestyle, including trends, national and international fashion, arts and culture, beauty, travel, food and spaces. Verve is known for its strong people focus, with in-depth interviews with famous people, Bollywood stories and also remains a platform for the discovery of new talent. \"Verve\" has an annual Power Issue (curated list of the power women of the year in June), the annual Best Dressed Issue (curated list of the best dressed women of the year in October) and the January fresh list which has a curated list of young achievers. \"Verve\" has an art-themed issue in July and bridal issue in September. \"Verve\" celebrates its anniversary in December. \"Verve\" started out as a quarterly publication in 1995. It then became a bi-monthly (coming out every 2 months) in 2005 and finally made the change over to a monthly in 2007 to keep pace with growing readership demands. \"Verve\" has a Verve Man supplement that started in 2009 as an annual property, and is from 2014 a bi-annual property.", "Verve's notable arrangers included Claus Ogerman and Oliver Nelson. According to Ogerman in \"Jazzletter\", he arranged 60\u201370 albums for Verve from 1963\u20131967. In 1964, Taylor supervised the creation of a folk music subsidiary named Verve Folkways, later renamed Verve Forecast. Taylor left Verve in 1967 to form CTI Records. Aside from jazz, Verve's catalogue included the Righteous Brothers, the Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa & the Mothers of Invention, Rare Earth, and the Blues Project, as well as a series of \"Sound Impressions of an American on Tour\" records, produced in cooperation with \"Esquire\" Magazine. While the Velvet Underground's records did not sell well initially, they went on to become a major influence in independent rock music. Their debut album, \"The Velvet Underground & Nico\", is hailed as one of the greatest records of all time while their second album, \"White Light/White Heat\", has a major cult following for its bold, noisy sound and poetically provocative lyricism. In the 1970s, Verve became part of PolyGram, incorporating the Mercury/EmArcy jazz catalog, which Philips, part owners of PolyGram, had earlier acquired. Verve Records became the Verve Music Group after PolyGram was merged with Seagram's Universal Music Group in 1999. The jazz holdings from the merged companies were folded into this sub-group. in 1990, British group Talk Talk signed to Polydor after conflicts with their previous label EMI regarding a lack of commercial allure on their fourth album, \"Spirit of Eden\". Their fifth and final album, \"Laughing Stock\", was released through Verve on September 16, 1991 and, while being slightly divisive at the time, has since been reconsidered by critics and fans as their masterpiece and a precursor to the post-rock movement.", "Verve Records Verve Records, also known as The Verve Music Group, founded in 1956 by Norman Granz, is home to the world's largest jazz catalogue and includes recordings by artists such as Ella Fitzgerald, Nina Simone, Stan Getz, Bill Evans and Billie Holiday, among others. It absorbed the catalogues of Granz's earlier labels, Clef Records, founded in 1946, Norgran Records, founded in 1953, and material previously licensed to Mercury Records. Verve also served as the original home of rock music acts such as The Velvet Underground, Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. The restructured Verve Records is now part of the Verve Label Group, which is owned by Universal Music Group. This company is also home to historic imprints including Verve Forecast, Impulse and Decca Records. Norman Granz created Verve to produce new recordings by Ella Fitzgerald, whom he managed; the first album the label released was \"Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Song Book\". The catalog grew throughout the 1950s and 1960s to include Charlie Parker, Bill Evans, Stan Getz, Billie Holiday, Oscar Peterson, Ben Webster, and Lester Young. By 1960, Granz neared retirement. Milton Rudin, his attorney, represented Frank Sinatra and knew that Sinatra wanted his own label. Sinatra and Granz made a handshake deal, but negotiations broke down over price and Sinatra's desire that Granz remain head of the label. Granz sold Verve to MGM in 1961. Sinatra established Reprise Records and hired Mo Ostin, an executive at Verve, to run it. At Verve, Creed Taylor was made head producer. Taylor adopted a more commercial approach, canceling several contracts. He brought bossa nova to America with the release of \"Jazz Samba\" by Stan Getz and Charlie Byrd, \"Getz/Gilberto\", and \"Rain Forest\" by Walter Wanderley.", "Simon Jones (musician) Simon Robin David Jones (born 29 July 1972) is an English bass player. He played bass and provided occasional backing vocals for the English band The Verve. Jones attended Rudston Road primary school in Childwall, Liverpool and moved to Wigan when he was 13 years old. He is married to Myra and has two sons - Jude and Jonah Jones. Away from the musical side of The Verve, Jones is the only other band member other than the band's main mouthpiece, lead singer Richard Ashcroft, who tends to speak publicly and in interviews. Most notably, he, along with Ashcroft, made a speech at the 2007 Q Awards as they won a classic album award for their 1997 album \"Urban Hymns\". He thanked the band member's wives and children and also thanked former Verve guitarist Simon Tong, who was not included in the newly reformed Verve line up. He also did an interview on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show after the band's 2007 reformation, and he also appeared alone and alongside Ashcroft in a handful of Verve documentaries and other miscellaneous interviews throughout the 1990s. When The Verve split in 1999 due to in-band tensions, many believed they were down to tensions between singer Richard Ashcroft and lead guitarist Nick McCabe. While this is true, there were in fact problems, described as 'serious' by Ashcroft in later interviews, between Ashcroft and Jones also. In June 2007, he rejoined The Verve in their reunion but by 2009 they had disbanded again. After the breakup of The Verve in 1999, Jones later played bass and wrote songs for the short lived band The Shining, who former Verve band mate Simon Tong also played with. They would release just one album in 2002 called \"True Skies\".", "Verve Forecast Records Verve Forecast Records is a record label formed as a division of Verve in 1967 to concentrate on pop, rock, and folk music. Jerry Schoenbaum of Verve and Moe Asch of Folkways created Verve Folkways in 1964 to take advantage of the popularity of folk music. To broaden the label's appeal, the named was changed from Verve Folkways to Verve Forecast in 1967. Schoenbaum was president of the label. Schoenbaum left in 1969, and Verve Forecast was closed by its parent company, MGM, in 1970. After PolyGram bought MGM, the Verve Forecast catalog was incorporated into Polydor. The label was revived in the 1990s for smooth jazz releases by Chris Botti, Jeff Lorber, and Will Downing. When PolyGram merged with Universal, the imprint was deactivated and its roster was transferred to GRP. In 2004, Verve Forecast was revived again to replace Blue Thumb to handle acts outside of jazz. Verve Forecast signed pop, rock, folk, and blues musicians such as The Blues Project, Caravan, James Cotton, Friend & Lover, Tim Hardin, Richie Havens, The Hombres, John Lee Hooker, Lightnin' Hopkins, Janis Ian, Jim and Jean, Lead Belly, Bob Lind, The New Lost City Ramblers, Laura Nyro, Odetta, Street, and Dave Van Ronk. After 2004, the label included Blues Traveler, Jamie Cullum, Dion, Jesse Harris, Katharine McPhee, Susan Tedeschi, Teddy Thompson, and Lizz Wright."], "answer": {"text": "This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35, their first single to reach the Top 40.", "answer_start": 707}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The band released the album's first single \"This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any other music?", "answer": {"text": "It was followed by \"On Your Own\"", "answer_start": 793, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received?", "answer": {"text": "performed even better, reaching No. 28.", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "The rest of the year was spent playing and recording songs for a new album.", "answer_start": 593, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to The Verve's top 40 hit, were any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Stay the Night (Benjamin Orr song) \"Stay the Night\" is a song by The Cars vocalist and bassist Benjamin Orr. It was included on his 1986 solo debut album \"The Lace\", and released as a single in the end of 1986. \"Stay the Night\" reached #24 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in the beginning of 1987, becoming Orr's only Top 40 hit as a solo artist. Prior to recording his solo album, Orr had been a founding member, along with singer and songwriter Ric Ocasek, of The Cars. The Cars' first Top 40 hit, \"Just What I Needed\", featured Orr on lead vocals, as did their biggest hit, \"Drive\", from 1984's \"Heartbeat City\". Following The Cars' 1985 \"Greatest Hits\" release, the band split up to pursue solo projects, with both Orr and Ocasek releasing solo albums in 1986, lead guitarist Elliot Easton having released one in 1985. Weeks before \"Stay the Night\" entered the US Top 40, Ocasek himself was in the Top 40 with his own solo hit \"Emotion in Motion\". In both cases, those would become the only US Top 40 solo hit for both Cars members respectively. The band reunited to record 1987's \"Door to Door\", which produced \"You Are the Girl\", their last Top 40 single. On the Radio & Records airplay chart the song debuted at #40 on the December 12, 1986 issue; after five weeks, it reached and peaked at #14 staying there for a week; the single stayed on the Top 20 of the chart for three weeks, and remained on it for nine. Song reached #18 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart, #26 on the Billboard Hot 100 Singles Sales chart, and #20 on the Cashbox chart.", "In Canada, \"West Coast\" bowed at number 26 on the Canadian Hot 100 issued for May 3, 2014. It marked Del Rey's second highest-peaking single in the country, after \"Summertime Sadness\" which peaked at number 7. In Oceania, \"West Coast\" entered the Australian Singles Chart at its peak of number 44 on May 4, 2014, and spent two weeks on the chart in total. While the song also debuted at number 31 on the New Zealand Singles Chart where it became Del Rey's third single to chart in New Zealand after \"Summertime Sadness\" and \"Young and Beautiful\". \"West Coast\" entered the French Singles Chart at number 34 for the week ending April 26, 2014; it consequently became Del Rey's seventh top 40 hit in France, and spent 26 weeks on the chart in total. On the German Singles Chart, \"West Coast\" peaked at number 22, charting for a total of 14 weeks, while also marking the singer's fourth top 40 hit in Germany. In Ireland, \"West Coast\" bowed at number 31 on the Irish Singles Chart issued for April 17, 2014, becoming Del Rey's fifth top 40 hit in the country and spending 7 weeks on the chart in total. \" West Coast\" initially placed at number 14 in the midweek UK Singles Chart, but later debuted at number 21 on the chart issued for June 7, 2014, with first-week sales of 15,649 copies. Following the release of \"Ultraviolence\" in the United Kingdom, \"West Coast\" rebounded to number 36 with sales of 5,517 units. The song became Del Rey's eighth top 40 hit in the country and went on to accumulate a total of 6 weeks on the chart.", "One Voice (Billy Gilman song) \"One Voice\" is a song written by David Malloy and Don Cook, and recorded by American country music singer Billy Gilman. It was released in May 2000 as the lead-off single and title track from Gilman's debut studio album, \"One Voice\". The song became Gilman's first and only top 20 single on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart as well as his only top 40 single on the all-genre \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Gilman was only 12 years old at the time of the song's release, making him the youngest male artist in history to have a solo top 40 hit on the country charts. \"One Voice\" was nominated at the 43rd Grammy Awards for Best Male Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song for the songwriters, Don Cook and David Malloy. The song is about violence from the viewpoint of a child. Directed by Trey Fanjoy, the video shows Billy Gilman on the bus home from school and watches everything that goes on around him. At one point in the video, a boy holding a gun (shown earlier in the video) throws it in the river below the bridge, is a similar take on the line of the song. US CD single UK CD single \"One Voice\" debuted at number 71 on \"Billboard\"s Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the chart week of May 27, 2000. When the song became a top 40 hit, Gilman became the youngest artist to chart a top 40 country hit, edging out Brenda Lee to become the youngest person to ever have a song on the country singles chart. The song also became a top 40 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, reaching number 38.", "Yoko Yazawa    \"Bad Cat\" was released on November 13, 2013 by Garuru Records. It spawned the Top 40 single, \"Bad Cat.\" The song debuted on the Japan Billboard charts at #59. It then rose to #28, making it Yoko's first Top 40 hit ever. As of November 28, 2013 it remains in the Top 40 at #40. The song debuted on the Japan Billboard charts at #59. It then rose to #28, making it Yoko's first Top 40 hit ever. As of November 28, 2013 it remains in the Top 40 at #40. The song was originally titled, \"Hot Mess,\" but was changed to \"Bad Cat\" for its Japanese translation.", "Jepsen's vocals span from G3 to D5. Jason Lipshutz of \"Billboard\" called the song \"really (really) fun\" and \"a breathless 80's banger that comes back to [2012 single] \"Call Me Maybe's\" fixation on ultra-crisp percussion and blurted-out flirtation\". Idolator's Bianca Gracie described \"I Really Like You\" as \"mind-blowing, fantastic, catchy-as-hell pop\". In Canada, \"I Really Like You\" debuted at number 14 on the Canadian Hot 100 issued for 21 March 2015, marking Jepsen's seventh top 40 hit in Canada. In the United States, \"I Really Like You\" debuted at number 48 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on 21 March 2015, selling 38,000 copies in its first week. It peaked at number 39 on 2 May 2015, marking Jepsen's third top 40 hit in the United States. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted and peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart on 3 May 2015 \u2015 for week ending date 9 May 2015 \u2015 a position it maintained for two consecutive weeks. The music video was directed by Peter Glanz. Jepsen filmed part of the song's music video on 16 February 2015, in front of the Mondrian Hotel in Manhattan alongside Tom Hanks, Justin Bieber and a troupe of dancers. Also making cameo appearances in the video are Rudy Mancuso and Andrew B. Bachelor (A.K.A. King Bach), well-known users of the short-form video sharing application Vine. The video was released on 6 March 2015. CBC Music's Nicolle Weeks described it as \"a more affable version\" of the music video for The Verve's \"Bitter Sweet Symphony\" (1997)."], "answer": {"text": "Ashcroft reunited with Jones and Salisbury just a few weeks after the break-up, but McCabe did not rejoin them.", "answer_start": 131}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The band released the album's first single \"This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any other music?", "answer": {"text": "It was followed by \"On Your Own\"", "answer_start": 793, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received?", "answer": {"text": "performed even better, reaching No. 28.", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "The rest of the year was spent playing and recording songs for a new album.", "answer_start": 593, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did the have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35, their first single to reach the Top 40.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d741d49b4b14436bad34c31471dac20_0_q#7", "question": "why did he not rejoin?", "rewrite": "why did McCabe not rejoin The Verve?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Simon Tong Simon Tong (born 9 July 1972) is an English guitarist and keyboardist who was a member of the Verve between 1996 and 1999 and is currently a member of Erland and the Carnival and Transmission. He has played with Damon Albarn on tour with his bands Blur and Gorillaz, and as a member of the Good, the Bad & the Queen. He ranks in BBC's \"The Axe Factor\" as the 40th greatest guitarist of the last 30 years. Tong grew up in English town Skelmersdale, the subject of his most recent release, \"Prospect of Skelmersdale\" with his project The Magnetic North. From 1996 to 1999, Simon was a guitarist and keyboardist for The Verve. He was brought in to replace lead guitarist Nick McCabe after the band's first short-lived split, but remained with them when McCabe returned. Their third album was 1997's highly acclaimed \"Urban Hymns\". He played on many of their hits from that time such as \"The Drugs Don't Work\", \"Bittersweet Symphony\" and \"Sonnet\". The Verve disbanded in 1999 and later reformed in 2007, this time without Tong. By 2009 they had disbanded again. After The Verve disbanded, Tong and Simon Jones (The Verve) were members of short lived band The Shining from 2002 to 2003. Following Graham Coxon's departure from Blur in 2002, Tong was recruited as the guitarist for the band's live performances in support of the album \" Think Tank\" (2003). He continued the relationship formed with frontman Damon Albarn by contributing guitar to Gorillaz' 2005 album \"Demon Days\" and playing guitar in the Gorillaz live band for the Demon Days Live performances. Tong also contributed guitar to Gorillaz' 2010 album \"Plastic Beach\" and substituted for lead guitarist Jeff Wooton on certain dates of the Escape to Plastic Beach Tour.", "Nick McCabe Nicholas John McCabe (born 14 July 1971) is an English musician best known as the lead guitarist of The Verve. McCabe is the son of a bus driver father and a social worker mother and has two older brothers, Alan and Paul. When asked what it was that inspired him to become a guitarist, he answered: \"That was me, I just got a guitar, and I could play a few things on it, and I liked messing with it, and I liked making my own things up.\" He attended Haydock High School, and later met Richard Ashcroft at Winstanley College. Ashcroft described McCabe's guitar playing as sounding like \"a whole other universe\"; the two briefly played in a band whilst at college. After leaving college, McCabe began a career as a quantity surveyor. He later recalled: \"I hated it. I used to sit there all day scribbling in my pad thinking about guitar sounds.\" He gave this up to be part of The Verve along with Ashcroft, Simon Jones and Peter Salisbury. McCabe was generally an aloof member, being involved in relatively few interviews. Tensions and power struggles between McCabe and Ashcroft would later cause the band's dissolution. The first break-up happened in 1995 when Ashcroft left after the band's second album, \"A Northern Soul\". Shortly thereafter Ashcroft reformed the band without McCabe, replacing him with Simon Tong. McCabe returned home to work on his own music and spend time with his daughter until Ashcroft asked him to return in 1997, for the band's third album, \"Urban Hymns\". Despite the album's success, McCabe left in 1998, and although The Verve continued touring without him, the band later split for the second time in early 1999.", "Simon Jones (musician) Simon Robin David Jones (born 29 July 1972) is an English bass player. He played bass and provided occasional backing vocals for the English band The Verve. Jones attended Rudston Road primary school in Childwall, Liverpool and moved to Wigan when he was 13 years old. He is married to Myra and has two sons - Jude and Jonah Jones. Away from the musical side of The Verve, Jones is the only other band member other than the band's main mouthpiece, lead singer Richard Ashcroft, who tends to speak publicly and in interviews. Most notably, he, along with Ashcroft, made a speech at the 2007 Q Awards as they won a classic album award for their 1997 album \"Urban Hymns\". He thanked the band member's wives and children and also thanked former Verve guitarist Simon Tong, who was not included in the newly reformed Verve line up. He also did an interview on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show after the band's 2007 reformation, and he also appeared alone and alongside Ashcroft in a handful of Verve documentaries and other miscellaneous interviews throughout the 1990s. When The Verve split in 1999 due to in-band tensions, many believed they were down to tensions between singer Richard Ashcroft and lead guitarist Nick McCabe. While this is true, there were in fact problems, described as 'serious' by Ashcroft in later interviews, between Ashcroft and Jones also. In June 2007, he rejoined The Verve in their reunion but by 2009 they had disbanded again. After the breakup of The Verve in 1999, Jones later played bass and wrote songs for the short lived band The Shining, who former Verve band mate Simon Tong also played with. They would release just one album in 2002 called \"True Skies\".", "The Verve discography The discography of The Verve, a British alternative rock band, consists of four studio albums, two compilation albums, two video albums, three extended plays, fourteen singles, two promotional singles and fifteen music videos. The band formed in 1989 as Verve, with original members Richard Ashcroft, Nick McCabe, Simon Jones and Peter Salisbury, although they later added \"The\" to their name after a lawsuit from the American jazz label Verve Records. After signing to Virgin Records subsidiary Hut Records in 1991, The Verve released the non-album single \"All in the Mind\" and a self-titled extended play containing the singles \"She's a Superstar\" and \"Gravity Grave\", the former reaching number 66 on the UK Singles Chart. Their debut studio album, \"A Storm in Heaven\" was released in 1993; despite widespread critical acclaim, it only sold modestly, peaking at number 27 on the UK Albums Chart. Tensions grew in the band during the recording sessions for their second album, \"A Northern Soul\" (1995) \u2013 the album received little media recognition, although it reached number 13 on the UK Albums Chart and was later certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Its lead single, \"This Is Music\" became The Verve's first to reach the top 40 in the United Kingdom, and their following two singles \"On Your Own\" and \"History\" both peaked within the top 30. The conflicts within the band, however, led Ashcroft to break the band up three months after the album's release. He eventually persuaded the other members to reform a few weeks later, except for McCabe, who was replaced by Simon Tong, although McCabe rejoined the band shortly afterwards. The Verve recorded their third studio album, \"Urban Hymns\", in early 1997.", "The other officer gets the drop on McCabe, but Hawkins warns the police that if he dies, his bone marrow becomes useless. Conner stands in the way of the other officer; McCabe takes his gun and shoots the officer. After hearing what happened, Cassidy immediately orders Conner off the case and removed from the scene. Conner breaks free to search the hospital for McCabe on his own. McCabe causes an explosion with propane tanks, seizes control of the hospital's adjacent wing, holds guards hostage and orders a lockdown of the building. Conner and Hawkins make their way to McCabe and convince him to let them inside so that Hawkins can attend to Matt. As McCabe watches Conner on the security cameras, he realizes that his nemesis is a truly devoted father, and develops a grudging respect for him. Conner intervenes when McCabe is about to ambush Cassidy and his SWAT team with a set of tanks of cyclopropane. Cassidy is furious that Conner continues to aid an escaped convict, while McCabe is angry that Conner foiled his plan. He kidnaps Matt and descends to the sub-levels of the building. Matt tries to wound McCabe to give his father a better chance; impressed, McCabe spares Matt and leaves him at the hospital for Conner to find. McCabe then escapes into San Francisco, where he steals a car. Conner chases McCabe to a bridge, still needing him captured alive. Cassidy and his men arrive in a helicopter and a sniper opens fire. Conner again shields McCabe and is wounded in the arm. McCabe attempts to flee, but Conner is determined not to let him go. Conner wounds McCabe, sending him off the bridge and into the bay. Conner then dives in and saves him. Back in the hospital, a wounded McCabe agrees to the transplant, which saves Matt's life."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened to The Verve 1995?", "answer": {"text": "The band's physical and mental turmoil continued into the chaotic recording sessions of the band's second album, 1995's A Northern Soul,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "The band released the album's first single \"This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35,", "answer_start": 663, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did it have any other music?", "answer": {"text": "It was followed by \"On Your Own\"", "answer_start": 793, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how was that received?", "answer": {"text": "performed even better, reaching No. 28.", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "The rest of the year was spent playing and recording songs for a new album.", "answer_start": 593, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did the have any hits?", "answer": {"text": "This Is Music\" in May, and it reached No. 35, their first single to reach the Top 40.", "answer_start": 707, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Ashcroft reunited with Jones and Salisbury just a few weeks after the break-up, but McCabe did not rejoin them.", "answer_start": 131, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0e3f298b1f64843bb1286bb3e019e8e_1_q#0", "question": "How did the band Saosin form?", "rewrite": "How did the band Saosin form?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:", "Saosin (album) Saosin also known as the beetle album is the debut self-titled studio album by American rock band Saosin, released September 26, 2006 through Capitol Records. It is the band's second release to feature lead vocalist Cove Reber. A limited edition version of the album was also released and included a behind the scenes look into the making of the album as well as music videos of \"Bury Your Head\" (\"Saosin EP\" version) and \"Lost Symphonies\" (a song first included on the 2003 \"Translating the Name\" EP). The album has currently sold an estimated 800,000 copies worldwide. All lyrics written by Cove Reber and Beau Burchell. All music composed by Saosin. \"Saosin\" album personnel as listed on Allmusic. Saosin Additional musicians Artwork Production Album \"Billboard\" Singles \"Billboard\"", "(Days Away/Good Old War) supplied the drums and Ratti and Minton tracked some of the keyboard parts. The recording was shared on the internet since early 2004 and ended up being officially released on the deluxe version of \"Avalon\" on August 5, 2008 on Photo Finish Records. The original lineup of Saosin consisted of Anthony Green (vocals), Beau Burchell (guitar), Justin Shekoski (guitar), Zach Kennedy (bass) and Pat Magrath (drums). Their first album, an EP, consisting of 5 songs, was recorded in February and March 2003. Magrath was a studio musician hired to play drums on the album. The drum parts were written largely by Burchell with Alex Rodriguez in mind. Rodriguez was to assume the role of drummer, but he had obligations playing drums for the band Open Hand at the time. Chris Warner filled in on drums during early rehearsals. Kennedy quit the band due to personal reasons. Chris Sorenson took the spot as bassist. Before they began playing shows, Danny King replaced Warner as drummer. After only a handful of shows, Rodriguez finally took over as Saosin's permanent drummer. The band released the EP \"Translating the Name\" on June 17, 2003. It was an immediate underground success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Preorders of the album came with a bonus CD containing two acoustic versions of songs from the EP. \" Translating The Name\" (2003) has sold an estimated 62,000 copies as of 2008. Green quit Saosin in mid-February 2004. It was announced on February 20, 2014 that Anthony Green would be reuniting with his former band Saosin for the Skate and Surf festival on May 17, 2014. More shows were quickly booked for May, June and September totaling eight reunion shows during 2014.", "Voices (Saosin song) \"Voices\" is a song by American rock band Saosin. It is the lead single off their self-titled LP. Two videos have been shot, a live montage released before the album and an \"actual video\" (Saosin's first non-montage video) shot in January 2007. An acoustic version of the song was included as a Best Buy exclusive download of the Saosin LP. It has been performed acoustically on the 97x Green Room and AOL's Sessions Under Cover. The first music video released for this song featured the band playing at a concert at Water Street Music Hall (Rochester, NY) and then showing clips of the band when not performing. The second music video release for this song was about how every kid speaks a different \"voice\" but the same things happen. It shows a close-up of some kids while it shows events in the background. Most of them showing the parents arguing while the child is present whereas others feature a sick/suffering parent in the background, such as one where a father puts on an oxygen mask. As the song nears the end the children turn around and walk toward their parents. It shows the father with the oxygen mask being kissed by his son as he walks away. The video, like the first, also featured the band playing at some type of concert event.", "Saosin (EP) Saosin is the second EP by American rock band Saosin. It was their first Capitol Records release, and the first release to feature Cove Reber as vocalist in place of Anthony Green. \"Saosin\" is sometimes referred to as the \"Warped Tour EP\" or the \"Black EP\". It was not intended to be an official release, but was intended to be a free sampler that would be distributed during the 2005 Van's Warped Tour. Capitol Records, the band's label, did not allow it and instead released it as an EP. \"Bury Your Head\" is the only single from the release. It also contains demos from their debut album \"Saosin\", including: \"I Wanna Hear Another Fast Song\" (to be recorded as \"Sleepers\") and \"New Angel\" (to be recorded as \"I Never Wanted To\")."], "answer": {"text": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b0e3f298b1f64843bb1286bb3e019e8e_1_q#1", "question": "Was their first album popular?", "rewrite": "Was Saosin's first album popular?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Saosin (album) Saosin also known as the beetle album is the debut self-titled studio album by American rock band Saosin, released September 26, 2006 through Capitol Records. It is the band's second release to feature lead vocalist Cove Reber. A limited edition version of the album was also released and included a behind the scenes look into the making of the album as well as music videos of \"Bury Your Head\" (\"Saosin EP\" version) and \"Lost Symphonies\" (a song first included on the 2003 \"Translating the Name\" EP). The album has currently sold an estimated 800,000 copies worldwide. All lyrics written by Cove Reber and Beau Burchell. All music composed by Saosin. \"Saosin\" album personnel as listed on Allmusic. Saosin Additional musicians Artwork Production Album \"Billboard\" Singles \"Billboard\"", "Laura Hurd Award The Laura Hurd Award is an annual award given to the top player in NCAA Division III Women's Ice Hockey. It is given by the American Hockey Coaches Association. It was known as the Division III Women\u2019s Player of the Year Award prior to 2007. In January 2007, the AHCA voted to rename the Division III Women\u2019s Player of the Year after Laura Hurd, The award is named for hockey player Laura Hurd, who played collegiately at Elmira College and was killed in a car accident in 2006, a year after winning the award. Hurd holds the NCAA Division III record for career scoring with 237 points over four years; she was a four-time All-American and led Elmira to two national championships.", "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003. On June 17, the band released their first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name. It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Saosin first became popular through promotion and exposure through the Internet. They became known for their distinct musical styles long before their first studio-length album was released, and were popularized on social networking and music sites such as MySpace. The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies. Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on, as he wanted to pursue a career in art. He was later replaced by Chris Sorenson. A local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath,  was hired only for the recording for the EP, according to Burchell. The band was impressed with his drumming skills however, and he later appeared as a guest performing Lost Symphonies live with the band. Alex Rodriguez was unable to record Translating the Name as he had promised his band at the time Open Hand he would finish recording with them. Danny King filled in for live drums with the band before Rodriguez completed his responsibilities with Open Hand and joined Saosin full-time after the EP release. Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name. In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band Circa Survive. Green was homesick, depressed and said he was missing his family. Green was also disenchanted with the direction of Saosin and disliked that the band excluded him from the writing process. The band finished their Warped Tour obligations with Story of the Year's Philip Sneed taking the mic.", "(Days Away/Good Old War) supplied the drums and Ratti and Minton tracked some of the keyboard parts. The recording was shared on the internet since early 2004 and ended up being officially released on the deluxe version of \"Avalon\" on August 5, 2008 on Photo Finish Records. The original lineup of Saosin consisted of Anthony Green (vocals), Beau Burchell (guitar), Justin Shekoski (guitar), Zach Kennedy (bass) and Pat Magrath (drums). Their first album, an EP, consisting of 5 songs, was recorded in February and March 2003. Magrath was a studio musician hired to play drums on the album. The drum parts were written largely by Burchell with Alex Rodriguez in mind. Rodriguez was to assume the role of drummer, but he had obligations playing drums for the band Open Hand at the time. Chris Warner filled in on drums during early rehearsals. Kennedy quit the band due to personal reasons. Chris Sorenson took the spot as bassist. Before they began playing shows, Danny King replaced Warner as drummer. After only a handful of shows, Rodriguez finally took over as Saosin's permanent drummer. The band released the EP \"Translating the Name\" on June 17, 2003. It was an immediate underground success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Preorders of the album came with a bonus CD containing two acoustic versions of songs from the EP. \" Translating The Name\" (2003) has sold an estimated 62,000 copies as of 2008. Green quit Saosin in mid-February 2004. It was announced on February 20, 2014 that Anthony Green would be reuniting with his former band Saosin for the Skate and Surf festival on May 17, 2014. More shows were quickly booked for May, June and September totaling eight reunion shows during 2014.", "Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:"], "answer": {"text": "The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies.", "answer_start": 567}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Saosin form?", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0e3f298b1f64843bb1286bb3e019e8e_1_q#2", "question": "What songs were on the EP?", "rewrite": "What songs were on the EP?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Songs from How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying  Songs from How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying is the first EP by Nick Jonas, released on May 8, 2012. The EP contains 5 songs which are available as a digital download on iTunes. The 5 songs on the EP are tunes that Nick performs on stage during the Broadway musical, \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\". On February 19, 2012 Nick recorded 5 songs (\"How to Succeed,\" \"I Believe in You,\" and \"Brotherhood of Man.\" In addition, he will be joined by Rob Bartlett for \"The Company Way,\" by Rob Bartlett & Ellen Harvey for \"Brotherhood of Man\", and by Rose Hemingway for \"Rosemary.\") for the \"How To Succeed In Business\" soundtrack. The album is produced by six-time Grammy nominee Robert Sher, who also produced the revival\u2019s \"How to Succeed\" cast album. On February 27 it was announced that the EP will be released during the Spring. As of April 17, the EP was available for pre-order and also on that same day the track list was revealed. It was announced on April 19 that the EP will be released on May 8, 2012. On April 30, 2012 the song \"I Believe in You\" was released online. Ian Gude said about the EP: The last thing I expected to enjoy was an EP of songs from \"How To Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\", featuring the current lead on Broadway, Nick Jonas from another 'bubble gum pop' band, The Jonas Brothers. But enjoy it I did. Judging by this EP by Broadway Records, he should pop by more often. The EP is too short (5 tracks) - oh how I would have loved to have heard more.", "Tour EP 1 Tour EP 1 (alternatively called Old) is an EP from Vancouver punk rock band Nomeansno. Released in 2010 on the band's Wrong Records imprint, the four-song EP was issued as a thumb drive and 12\" vinyl EP in support of Nomeansno's 2010 touring. \" Tour EP 1\" and its sequel \"Tour EP 2\" were originally intended as the first half of a four-EP series, but this series was never completed. They were Nomeansno's final releases before their 2016 breakup. Nomeansno toured extensively behind their 2006 album \"All Roads Lead to Ausfahrt\". After a break from activity, bassist and principal songwriter Rob Wright recorded a batch of new demo songs on ProTools. The songs entailed a turn away from the pop-punk influence of \"Ausfahrt\", an album written in large part by drummer John Wright, and a revisiting of the dark and brooding sound of previous albums, including \"Why Do They Call Me Mr. Happy?\" and \"One\". Nomeansno recorded some of Rob Wright's new songs as \"Tour EP 1\" and the subsequent \"Tour EP 2\", which also included the \"Ausfahrt\" outtake \"Perambulate. \" They recorded and mixed the material with Paul Forgues. \" Tour EP 1\" was initially released on a thumb drive for sale during the band's 2010 touring, and was later issued on colored vinyl as a 12\" EP on the band's own Wrong Records. The band cited their success as a live band as the impetus for releasing records specifically in support of their tours. The EP was received well by critics. Writing for \"The Georgia Straight\", Allan MacInnis praised the EP for its experimentation but assessed the results as mixed.", "Snails (EP) Snails is the second EP and third release by American rock band The Format. The EP was created to be sold at shows while The Format were on tour with Taking Back Sunday and Jimmy Eat World. It also became available on iTunes. Physical copies of the album came with a promotional code to download 2 additional tracks from The Format's website. The EP includes two new songs (four if you count the free downloads) and acoustic versions of three tracks from 2003's \"Interventions + Lullabies\". After their record label, Elektra Records, was absorbed into the Warner Bros. system, The Format were moved to Atlantic Records. Atlantic released this EP, to allow The Format new material to sell while on tour with Taking Back Sunday and Jimmy Eat World, as it had been almost two years since they had released an album. The EP was first sold two days before the beginning of this tour, when The Format played a headlining show at The Green Door in Oklahoma City. The new tracks were intended as demo versions of songs that would appear on their second album, however, \"Snails\" is the only song from this EP that was re-recorded for \"Dog Problems\". Shortly after the release of this EP, The Format were dropped from Atlantic Records. The Format intended to include \"Your New Name\" and \"Dear Boy\" on physical copies of the EP. These tracks were recorded with a different producer than the rest of the EP and due to contractual conflicts, could not be included. The band instead gave away a promotional code with copies of the EP, which allowed you to download the songs for free from their website. Because of this, most people consider the songs to be tracks 6 and 7 on the EP. Digital versions of the EP suffered from the same contractual problems, but couldn't accommodate the promotional code.", "Secret (EP) Secret EP is an EP by the American indie rock band Sebadoh, released on July 23, 2012. The EP was not released on a label and was made available for digital download on the online music store Bandcamp. The EP was recorded from March to July 2012 at Indietopia in Glendale, California. \" Secret EP\" is Sebadoh's first new material in fourteen years since the band's previous album \"The Sebadoh\" (1999). Sebadoh began recording \"Secret EP\" on March 29, 2012 at frontman Lou Barlow's rehearsal space. Updates from the recording sessions were posted by band member Jason Loewenstein on his official Blogger. The basic tracks for eleven potential songs were completed by April 10. In May, the band began the second and final recording sessions and by June the band began mixing the EP and recording overdubs. On July 18, the band announced on its official Facebook page that mixing had been completed and the tracks were going to be mastered the following day. The recording sessions were produced and engineered by Lowenstein. \"Secret EP\" was released on July 23, 2012. The EP was released as a digital download on the online music store Bandcamp in MP3 and FLAC formats. The band posted release notes with the download calling the EP \"new songs for 2012, a taste of our upcoming 2013 album\" but confirmed none of the songs would be featured on the album. The band also stated that proceeds from the EP's sales will \"help us continue working on the LP and remain as independent as possible,\" adding that CD copies of the EP will be available for sale during the band's tour in support of \"Secret EP\". Sebadoh are due to tour to support the release of \"Secret EP\".", "Always playing live original music has endeared Stewart to fans who are looking for soul and wisdom in their entertainment. A step beyond the simplicity of hedonism and personal abandon, Stewart Walker has built a legacy as a techno musician who still believes in the sound of the future. Stewart is currently working with fellow Berlin based musician Sam Rouanet on a new instrumental project called Sweetnighter. 2008 Powdered I Ching EP Persona Records 2007 Addict (12\", EP) PulseWith Records 2007 Druid Hills (12\", EP) Persona Records 2006 After This I'll Never Sleep EP Persona Records 2005 Spend the Day Frozen (12\", EP) Persona Records 2005 Travel Plaza (12\", EP) Persona Records 2002 Degenerate EP Persona Records 2002 M.O.R. Of The Same EP Persona Records 2001 Pleasure Island EP Persona Records 2001 Circular Valley Remixed EP Persona Records 2001 South Suburban (EP) (12\", EP) Persona Records 2001 Jet Fuel And Longing EP Belief Systems 2000 Hurricane Weather EP Force Inc. 2000 Granular Synthesis EP Mille Plateaux 2000 Intervals EP M_nus 2000 Mobilization - Stabiles Remixes (EP) Tektite Recordings 2000 Reformation of Negative Space (EP) Tresor 2000 Recoil (EP) M_nus 1999 Descending To Zero EP HiPass 1999 Abstract Symbols Of Decadence EP Tektite Recordings 1999 Nevermore (12\", EP) Force Inc. 1999 North (12\", EP) Background 1999 Nothing Produces Stark Imagery EP Tresor 1998 Artificial Music For Artificial People (EP) Mosquito 1998 Stoic (EP) Matrix Records 1997 Amphetamine Sulphate EP Matrix Records"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Saosin form?", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their first album popular?", "answer": {"text": "The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0e3f298b1f64843bb1286bb3e019e8e_1_q#3", "question": "Did they play any shows?", "rewrite": "Did Saosin play any shows?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003. On June 17, the band released their first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name. It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Saosin first became popular through promotion and exposure through the Internet. They became known for their distinct musical styles long before their first studio-length album was released, and were popularized on social networking and music sites such as MySpace. The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies. Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on, as he wanted to pursue a career in art. He was later replaced by Chris Sorenson. A local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath,  was hired only for the recording for the EP, according to Burchell. The band was impressed with his drumming skills however, and he later appeared as a guest performing Lost Symphonies live with the band. Alex Rodriguez was unable to record Translating the Name as he had promised his band at the time Open Hand he would finish recording with them. Danny King filled in for live drums with the band before Rodriguez completed his responsibilities with Open Hand and joined Saosin full-time after the EP release. Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name. In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band Circa Survive. Green was homesick, depressed and said he was missing his family. Green was also disenchanted with the direction of Saosin and disliked that the band excluded him from the writing process. The band finished their Warped Tour obligations with Story of the Year's Philip Sneed taking the mic.", "Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:", "Saosin (album) Saosin also known as the beetle album is the debut self-titled studio album by American rock band Saosin, released September 26, 2006 through Capitol Records. It is the band's second release to feature lead vocalist Cove Reber. A limited edition version of the album was also released and included a behind the scenes look into the making of the album as well as music videos of \"Bury Your Head\" (\"Saosin EP\" version) and \"Lost Symphonies\" (a song first included on the 2003 \"Translating the Name\" EP). The album has currently sold an estimated 800,000 copies worldwide. All lyrics written by Cove Reber and Beau Burchell. All music composed by Saosin. \"Saosin\" album personnel as listed on Allmusic. Saosin Additional musicians Artwork Production Album \"Billboard\" Singles \"Billboard\"", "(Days Away/Good Old War) supplied the drums and Ratti and Minton tracked some of the keyboard parts. The recording was shared on the internet since early 2004 and ended up being officially released on the deluxe version of \"Avalon\" on August 5, 2008 on Photo Finish Records. The original lineup of Saosin consisted of Anthony Green (vocals), Beau Burchell (guitar), Justin Shekoski (guitar), Zach Kennedy (bass) and Pat Magrath (drums). Their first album, an EP, consisting of 5 songs, was recorded in February and March 2003. Magrath was a studio musician hired to play drums on the album. The drum parts were written largely by Burchell with Alex Rodriguez in mind. Rodriguez was to assume the role of drummer, but he had obligations playing drums for the band Open Hand at the time. Chris Warner filled in on drums during early rehearsals. Kennedy quit the band due to personal reasons. Chris Sorenson took the spot as bassist. Before they began playing shows, Danny King replaced Warner as drummer. After only a handful of shows, Rodriguez finally took over as Saosin's permanent drummer. The band released the EP \"Translating the Name\" on June 17, 2003. It was an immediate underground success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Preorders of the album came with a bonus CD containing two acoustic versions of songs from the EP. \" Translating The Name\" (2003) has sold an estimated 62,000 copies as of 2008. Green quit Saosin in mid-February 2004. It was announced on February 20, 2014 that Anthony Green would be reuniting with his former band Saosin for the Skate and Surf festival on May 17, 2014. More shows were quickly booked for May, June and September totaling eight reunion shows during 2014.", "Saosin (EP) Saosin is the second EP by American rock band Saosin. It was their first Capitol Records release, and the first release to feature Cove Reber as vocalist in place of Anthony Green. \"Saosin\" is sometimes referred to as the \"Warped Tour EP\" or the \"Black EP\". It was not intended to be an official release, but was intended to be a free sampler that would be distributed during the 2005 Van's Warped Tour. Capitol Records, the band's label, did not allow it and instead released it as an EP. \"Bury Your Head\" is the only single from the release. It also contains demos from their debut album \"Saosin\", including: \"I Wanna Hear Another Fast Song\" (to be recorded as \"Sleepers\") and \"New Angel\" (to be recorded as \"I Never Wanted To\")."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Saosin form?", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their first album popular?", "answer": {"text": "The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the EP?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0e3f298b1f64843bb1286bb3e019e8e_1_q#4", "question": "Was the EP well received?", "rewrite": "Was the EP well received?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["On JD Sainsbury's retirement as chairman and chief executive on 2 November 1992, David Sainsbury became chairman. In 1996, Sainsbury's announced its first drop in profits in 22 years, and the first of three profits warnings during his chairmanship was issued. Although there were senior management changes, which included David relinquishing the chief executive's role to Dino Adriano and becoming non-executive chairman, there were no new directors or outsiders appointed to the senior management team. Profits fell the next year, but rose in 1998. At this point, David Sainsbury, who had wanted to step down at the end of 1997, made a surprise announcement of his retirement as chairman to pursue his long-held ambition to have a career in politics, after \"32 enjoyable and fulfilling years\" working for Sainsbury's. Sainsbury's share price increased on the day of this announcement. On his retirement as chairman, to avoid any conflict of interest, David Sainsbury placed his then 23% stake in Sainsbury's into a \"blind\" trust, to be administered by lawyer Judith Portrait. When David Sainsbury announced his intention to give away \u00a31 billion to charity in 2005, his 23% stake was sold down, eventually to 12.9% by early 2007. His beneficial holding became just 7.75% when he regained control of his shares in February 2007 following his decision to step down as Science and Innovation Minister in November 2006. During the private equity takeover bid in the first half of 2007, David indicated he was willing to let the Sainsbury's board open its books for due diligence if someone offered him a price of 600 pence per share or more. David Sainsbury retains a sizeable shareholding in his family's supermarket chain (around 5.85%).", "It has been suggested that Warburton was the site of an Anglo-Saxon \"burgh\" or defended settlement, possibly either called \"Toppingburgh\" or\"Weard byrig\", established by Aethelflaed, Queen of the Mercians, in 915 during the wars with the Vikings. However, it now seems likely that site lay on the Wales\u2013Cheshire border. The first documented reference to Warburton occurs in the Domesday Book, where the two manors of Warburton were recorded; the manors were united by the late 12th century. Before the Norman conquest, the area was controlled by the Anglo-Saxon thegn Aelfward. Although the Domesday Book records no church in Warburton, it is possible that the church dedicated to Saint Werburgh is pre-Conquest. The omission of the church may not be significant, as not all pre-Conquest churches or chapels were recorded in the Domesday survey. The first documented evidence of a church in Warburton was in a deed of 1187, when it was a chapel of ease for the parish of Lymm. Warburton became a separate parish in the 13th century. The church is surrounded by a ditch and bank, probably dating to at least the 14th century. Warburton is also the site of a medieval priory, near the Church of St Werburgh; although the priory was only formed in the 13th century, it was dissolved in 1270. Warburton was predominantly a farming village during the medieval period. The north western corner of the township was used as a deer park.", "He cited Bogdanov's characterization of the October revolution as \"soldiers'-peasants' revolt\", his criticisms of the New Economic Policy, and his description of the new regime as expressing the interests of a new class of technocratic and bureaucratic intelligentsia, as evidence that Bogdanov was involved in forming a new party. Meanwhile, Workers' Truth had received publicity in the Berlin-based Menshevik journal \"Sotsialisticheskii Vestnik\", and they also distributed a manifesto at the 12th Bolshevik Congress and were active in the industrial unrest which swept Moscow and Petrograd in July and August 1923. On 8 September 1923, Bogdanov was among a number of people arrested by the GPU (the Soviet secret police) on suspicion of being involved in them. He demanded to be interviewed by Felix Dzerzhinsky, to whom he explained that while he shared a range of views with Workers' Truth, he had no formal association with them. He was released after five weeks on 13 October; however, his file was not closed until a decree passed by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 16 January 1989. He wrote about his experiences under arrest in \"Five weeks with the GPU\". In 1924, Bogdanov started his blood transfusion experiments, apparently hoping to achieve eternal youth or at least partial rejuvenation. Lenin's sister Maria Ulyanova was among many who volunteered to take part in Bogdanov's experiments. After undergoing 11 blood transfusions, he remarked with satisfaction the improvement of his eyesight, suspension of balding, and other positive symptoms. His fellow revolutionary Leonid Krasin wrote to his wife that \"Bogdanov seems to have become 7, no, 10 years younger after the operation\".", "WWLK  WWLK (900 AM) was a radio station licensed to serve Eddyville, Kentucky, United States. The station was owned by Tilent, Inc.  The station went on the air as WEAK on 1980-09-15. On 1986-03-14, the station changed its call sign to WWLK. On April 19, 2012, the station's license was cancelled and its callsign deleted by the Federal Communications Commission.", "\" The next day Lenin sent a similar telegram to the Central Executive Committee of the Penza soviet:  In the morning of August 30, 1918, a Social Revolutionary Leonid Kannegisser, who was Boris Savinkov's comrade, killed the chief of the Cheka in Petrograd, Moisei Uritsky, in his office. On August 30, 1918 Lenin survived an attempted assassination by Fanny Kaplan leaving a bullet in his neck. This contributed to the strokes that prevented him from removing Stalin. On September 5, 1918 the Cheka gave responsibility for targeting opposing parties on the left such as the Social Revolutionaries and other anti-Bolshevik groups, chiefly the anarchists, by the policy of Red Terror. In November 1918, the Sixth All-Russian Congress of Soviets met. They approved an amnesty, ordering release of those detained by the Cheka who had no definite charges within two weeks of arrest, and of hostages except those needed to guarantee hostages held by their enemies. They also held out an olive branch to the other socialist parties. The Menshevik conference in October 1918 had declared military support to the Soviet Government but still opposed the Cheka and terror. On November 30 the VTsIK annulled the exclusion of the Mensheviks except those who were still allied with enemies. The All-Russian Constituent Assembly Committee had the support of the Czechoslovak Legions and was able to spread its authority over much of the Volga-Kama region. However, most of the Siberia and Urals regions were controlled by a patchwork of ethnic, Cossack, military and liberal-rightist local governments, which constantly clashed with the Committee."], "answer": {"text": "Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name.", "answer_start": 1316}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Saosin form?", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their first album popular?", "answer": {"text": "The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the EP?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they play any shows?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0e3f298b1f64843bb1286bb3e019e8e_1_q#5", "question": "What did they do after the tour?", "rewrite": "What did Saosin do after the U.S. tour with Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Boys Night Out (radio program) Boys' Night Out (commonly abbreviated to B.N.O.) is a Filipino evening radio talk show of Magic 89.9 hosted by DJ's Slick Rick (Eric Virata), Tony Toni (Anthony James Bueno) and Sam YG (Samir Gogna) with Suzy (Tin Gamboa) on Mondays, Alex on Tuesdays and Jojo the Love Survivor on Thursdays. Boys' Night Out started as a small segment of Magic 89.9 called Radio Tabloid hosted by King DJ Logan and CJ the DJ. After moderate success the executives of the station decided to turn it into a radio talk show called Boys Night Out on March 2006 with Radio Tabloid becoming one of its segments renamed to Confession Sessions. The show was hosted by King DJ Logan with the addition of Slick Rick and Tony Toni. CJ was moved to host the weekday lunch show called the Big Meal. King DJ Logan left the station to pursue a hosting career, a bar and resto business and worked for an Alabang call center for a time  Sam Y.G joins Magic 89.9 and replaces the outgoing King DJ Logan of boys night out. In 2010, Magic 89.9, at the turning point of its career as the #1 and most popular radio station in the Philippines, made several changes to its shows' format and time slots very much to the liking of its listeners. Boys Night Out was moved to an earlier and longer timeslot: Mondays-Thursdays, 6pm to 10pm. The show received positive feedback from its fans as it, to quote a listener: \"helps ease the pain of traffic during rush hours at [sic] EDSA\"  In 2015, they interviewed former Japanese AV Idol Maria Ozawa.", "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003. On June 17, the band released their first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name. It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Saosin first became popular through promotion and exposure through the Internet. They became known for their distinct musical styles long before their first studio-length album was released, and were popularized on social networking and music sites such as MySpace. The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies. Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on, as he wanted to pursue a career in art. He was later replaced by Chris Sorenson. A local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath,  was hired only for the recording for the EP, according to Burchell. The band was impressed with his drumming skills however, and he later appeared as a guest performing Lost Symphonies live with the band. Alex Rodriguez was unable to record Translating the Name as he had promised his band at the time Open Hand he would finish recording with them. Danny King filled in for live drums with the band before Rodriguez completed his responsibilities with Open Hand and joined Saosin full-time after the EP release. Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name. In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band Circa Survive. Green was homesick, depressed and said he was missing his family. Green was also disenchanted with the direction of Saosin and disliked that the band excluded him from the writing process. The band finished their Warped Tour obligations with Story of the Year's Philip Sneed taking the mic.", "Brian Southall Brian Michael Southall (born February 16, 1982 in Detroit, Michigan, United States) is an American guitarist, drummer, keyboardist, vocalist, producer, and band manager. He is known for playing in bands fordirelifesake, Boys Night Out, The Receiving End of Sirens, Isles & Glaciers, and The Company We Keep. He is also the tour manager for Motion City Soundtrack. He is currently the tour manager for All Time Low. Southall joined post-hardcore band fordirelifesake in 1999. He recorded both full-length albums by the band; \"Breathing in Is Only Half the Function\" and \"Dance. Pretend. Forget. Defend.\" He left the band in 2004 in order to join another group. After leaving fordirelifesake, Southall joined fellow post-hardcore band Boys Night Out. He recorded their second album, \"Trainwreck\", and their digital-only EP \"Fifty Million People Can't Be Wrong\", before leaving the band in late 2006. Southall left Boys Night Out in order to join experimental rock band The Receiving End of Sirens in 2007. He recorded their second and final studio album, \"The Earth Sings Mi Fa Mi\", before the band's break up in 2009. However, on December 22, 2009, he announced that they would be playing Skate Fest 2010 as a reunion and final show. Southall was later announced, in the December 2008 edition of Alternative Press, to be the official guitarist and keyboard player of experimental post-hardcore supergroup Isles & Glaciers. He has recorded their debut EP, \"The Hearts of Lonely People\", and played the band's first and only show at SXSW. The group has done nothing since this show. In late 2010, Jonny Craig announced that Isles & Glaciers has broken up, stating that the band was \"only a one time thing\".", "Anatomy of a Ghost Anatomy of a Ghost was an American emo and screamo band from Portland, Oregon, some of whose members originally hailed from Alaska. Anatomy of a Ghost formed early in 2002 and gained popularity through live performances and through internet promotional channels. In 2003 they toured the United States with Saosin and Boys Night Out. Their debut (and only) record, \"Evanesce\", was released in October 2003 on Fearless Records. Despite warm critical reception, the group broke up in May 2004. The group reunited briefly in 2005 to put together a new album, but the project never materialized. In the meantime, John Gourley and Zach Carothers began playing in the group Portugal. The Man, and Dewey Halpaus had started a group called The Burning Room. Prior to forming Anatomy of a Ghost, Dewey Halpaus, and brothers Nick and Joe Simon were in a band called Nice Guy Eddie.", "Boys Night Out (band) Boys Night Out is a Canadian emo/post-hardcore band from Burlington, Ontario, Canada. The band formed in 2001 when lead vocalist Connor Lovat-Fraser and current guitarist Jeff Davis started collaborating on songs. The work eventually led to the four-song \" You Are My Canvas\" demo, an EP influenced by fellow Burlington hardcore act Grade. Following the release of this demo, the band signed to One Day Savior Records and subsequently released the \"Broken Bones & Bloody Kisses\" EP. Interest in the band was immediate, and a short while later they signed to New Jersey-based Ferret Records. Their debut full-length album, 2003's \"Make Yourself Sick\", was a shock to some fans. It was much lighter and pop-punk-oriented, but with the same heavy screaming and guitars found on earlier releases. The band toured heavily in support of the record with acts such as My Chemical Romance, Catch 22, Saves the Day, and a stint on the Warped Tour circuit. Boys Night Out also was featured in the Nintendo Fusion Tour with Fall Out Boy, Motion City Soundtrack, The Starting Line, and Panic! at the Disco. The band's next effort, 2005's \"Trainwreck\", is a somewhat more subdued, experimental concept album based on a man's loss of sanity. \"Trainwreck\" opens with a doctor dictating his notes into a tape recorder. The album chronicles the arrest, trial, treatment and subsequent release of a man who, in a waking dream, murders his wife and then cuts both his hands off with a machine at his work so that he can not kill again. Kara Dupuy's vocals act as the deceased wife's voice heard by the patient throughout the album. The band released their third album, \"Boys Night Out\", on June 26, 2007."], "answer": {"text": "In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band", "answer_start": 1443}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Saosin form?", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their first album popular?", "answer": {"text": "The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the EP?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they play any shows?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the EP well received?", "answer": {"text": "Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name.", "answer_start": 1316, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0e3f298b1f64843bb1286bb3e019e8e_1_q#6", "question": "What band did Anthony Green form after leaving?", "rewrite": "What band did Anthony Green form after leaving Saosin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Anthony Green (musician)  Anthony Green (born April 15, 1982) is an American singer and musician from Doylestown, Pennsylvania. He is currently the lead singer of Circa Survive, Saosin, and The Sound of Animals Fighting while also maintaining a solo career. He was previously in the bands Audience of One, Jeer at Rome, High and Driving, and Zolof the Rock and Roll Destroyer. Green is known for his distinctive, high vocal timbre. Anthony Green's first band formed in 1997 while he was in high school with classmate and musician Tommy Dougherty (Junction 232). The band originally had Dougherty on guitar and Green on bass and vocals. Eventually, they recruited drummer Evan Madden. Green wanted to name the band 'Saosin', but Dougherty and Madden decided against it. Before settling on the \"Audience of One\" name, they played a few shows under the name \"Handsome Pete\" in 1998 and one show under the name \"The Bill Bixby Experience\". Due to problems with Evan's availability to practice and play shows, they sought out a new drummer. Green and Dougherty switched bass and guitar duties. Green met drummer J.D. Foster (Makeshift/Yellow 5) at Days Away's first show in summer of 1998. Foster tried out and musically they clicked right away. The band recorded an LP entitled, \"I Remember When This All Meant Something\" at Skylight Studio in the summer of 1999. It was released on Break Even Records on December 3, 1999. During the summer of 2000, Greg Itzen (Days Away/Like Lions) was welcomed into the band as a second guitar player. As a four-piece, they recorded a four-song demo EP at Skylight Studio. That fall, two of the members went off to college and one enlisted in the military. Audience of One was deemed 'on hiatus'.", "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003. On June 17, the band released their first commercial production, the EP Translating the Name. It was an immediate success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Saosin first became popular through promotion and exposure through the Internet. They became known for their distinct musical styles long before their first studio-length album was released, and were popularized on social networking and music sites such as MySpace. The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies. Bassist Zach Kennedy left the band early on, as he wanted to pursue a career in art. He was later replaced by Chris Sorenson. A local Southern Califonian drummer by the name of Pat Magrath,  was hired only for the recording for the EP, according to Burchell. The band was impressed with his drumming skills however, and he later appeared as a guest performing Lost Symphonies live with the band. Alex Rodriguez was unable to record Translating the Name as he had promised his band at the time Open Hand he would finish recording with them. Danny King filled in for live drums with the band before Rodriguez completed his responsibilities with Open Hand and joined Saosin full-time after the EP release. Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name. In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band Circa Survive. Green was homesick, depressed and said he was missing his family. Green was also disenchanted with the direction of Saosin and disliked that the band excluded him from the writing process. The band finished their Warped Tour obligations with Story of the Year's Philip Sneed taking the mic.", "Cove Reber Cove Reber (born August 28, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter and the lead vocalist for American rock band Dead American   and best known as the former lead vocalist of the post-hardcore band Saosin from 2004 to 2010. Cove Reber   was born in Provo,Utah grew up a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon). He grew up in Ridgecrest, California where his father sold computers to the military, with his family moving to San Diego when he was around 14 years old. He played bass as a child. During an interview with Shane Told of Silverstein Told's \"Lead Singer Syndrome\" podcast, Reber cites that he was influenced by the newly \"popping off\" San Diego(pop-punk band) Blink-182 specifically taking after the band's vocalist and bassist Mark Hoppus  Reber started out in early life and first entered the music scene as vocalist for Vista, California high school bands \" Mormon In The Middle\" and \"Stamp Out Detroit\" in early 2000's before auditioning and joining Saosin as lead vocalist in 2004. In early 2004 Reber auditioned for and integrated in to the post-hardcore band, Saosin, where he replaced vocalist, Anthony Green. With Saosin, Reber recorded The Grey EP, Saosin EP and notably \"Saosin\" (2006) and \"In Search of Solid Ground\" (2009) with the inclusion of the live album and DVD Come Close at The Theater of Living Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 3, 2007. Reber was asked to leave Saosin in early 2010. Later reports from the band cited that Reber was asked to leave Saosin due to the deterioration of his stage and vocal performance and he could no longer perform. Reber later addressed his departure by saying the following:", "Saosin (EP) Saosin is the second EP by American rock band Saosin. It was their first Capitol Records release, and the first release to feature Cove Reber as vocalist in place of Anthony Green. \"Saosin\" is sometimes referred to as the \"Warped Tour EP\" or the \"Black EP\". It was not intended to be an official release, but was intended to be a free sampler that would be distributed during the 2005 Van's Warped Tour. Capitol Records, the band's label, did not allow it and instead released it as an EP. \"Bury Your Head\" is the only single from the release. It also contains demos from their debut album \"Saosin\", including: \"I Wanna Hear Another Fast Song\" (to be recorded as \"Sleepers\") and \"New Angel\" (to be recorded as \"I Never Wanted To\").", "(Days Away/Good Old War) supplied the drums and Ratti and Minton tracked some of the keyboard parts. The recording was shared on the internet since early 2004 and ended up being officially released on the deluxe version of \"Avalon\" on August 5, 2008 on Photo Finish Records. The original lineup of Saosin consisted of Anthony Green (vocals), Beau Burchell (guitar), Justin Shekoski (guitar), Zach Kennedy (bass) and Pat Magrath (drums). Their first album, an EP, consisting of 5 songs, was recorded in February and March 2003. Magrath was a studio musician hired to play drums on the album. The drum parts were written largely by Burchell with Alex Rodriguez in mind. Rodriguez was to assume the role of drummer, but he had obligations playing drums for the band Open Hand at the time. Chris Warner filled in on drums during early rehearsals. Kennedy quit the band due to personal reasons. Chris Sorenson took the spot as bassist. Before they began playing shows, Danny King replaced Warner as drummer. After only a handful of shows, Rodriguez finally took over as Saosin's permanent drummer. The band released the EP \"Translating the Name\" on June 17, 2003. It was an immediate underground success and was immensely popular on online forums and music sites. Preorders of the album came with a bonus CD containing two acoustic versions of songs from the EP. \" Translating The Name\" (2003) has sold an estimated 62,000 copies as of 2008. Green quit Saosin in mid-February 2004. It was announced on February 20, 2014 that Anthony Green would be reuniting with his former band Saosin for the Skate and Surf festival on May 17, 2014. More shows were quickly booked for May, June and September totaling eight reunion shows during 2014."], "answer": {"text": "Circa Survive. Green was", "answer_start": 1533}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Saosin form?", "answer": {"text": "The original lineup for Saosin, consisting of Burchell, Shekoski, Kennedy and Green, was formed in the summer of 2003.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their first album popular?", "answer": {"text": "The E.P. has sold an estimated 62,000 copies.", "answer_start": 567, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What songs were on the EP?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they play any shows?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the EP well received?", "answer": {"text": "Saosin went on a U.S. tour with bands Boys Night Out and Anatomy of a Ghost shortly after the release of Translating the Name.", "answer_start": 1316, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do after the tour?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2004, the band's vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin and later formed the band", "answer_start": 1443, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#0", "question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "rewrite": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In May 2011 it was announced Carter had quit again, in order to pursue other projects. Lisa Hunter is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Gemma Atkinson. The character is noted for her storylines including bullying and self-harming. After her exit from \"Hollyoaks\", Atkinson reprised the role twice in two spin-off series. Leslie \"Les\" Hunter is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by John Graham Davies. Sally Hunter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Katherine Dow Blyton. Rebecca \"Becca\" Dean (n\u00e9e Hayton) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Ali Bastian. She debuted on-screen during episodes airing in 2001 and departed on 14 February 2007. David \"Bombhead\" Burke is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Lee Otway. Initially known as 'David Witherspoon', he appeared on the soap between 2001 and 2005. In 2010, Otway reprised the role in online spin-off \"\". The character returned again on 13 January 2011 for two episodes. Tobias \"Toby\" Alexander Mills is a fictional character from the long-running British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Henry Luxemburg. Jodie Nash is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Kate McEnery between 2001-2003. Jamie Nash is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Stefan Booth. The character appeared between 2001 and 2002.", "These spotlights were a page long and featured a fictional character biography with pictures and a description of their abilities. Issue #50 was 100 pages long to celebrate the milestone. It was mentioned in issue #67 that the editors were aiming to get closer to the US chronologically. Volume 3 ended in August 2009, after 86 issues, following \"Civil War\" and \"Planet Hulk\". \"The Mighty World of Marvel\" vol. 4 debuted in September 2009, following the relaunch of all other Collector's Editions as part of signalling the end of \"Civil War\". Issues #1\u2013#5 featured the World War Hulk storyline. Issue #8 signaled the first tie-in to the Secret Invasion event that runs across all seven of the Panini Collector's Editions. \" Mighty World of Marvel\" printed tie-ins from \"Captain Britain and MI13\", \"Hercules\", \"The Thunderbolts\", and \"Ms. Marvel\". Volume 4 ended in June 2014 with issue 62. \"The Mighty World of Marvel\" vol. 5 was launched in July 2014 to tie-in with the arrival of Marvel Now! branded stories in the UK. The initial line-up includes \"Guardians of The Galaxy\" to tie-in with their film. Avengers Arena was also in the initial lineup. The main storyline for Original Sin was also featured. Mighty World of Marvel also reprinted Silver Surfer and Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. along with Daredevil. Volume 5 ended in September 2016 with issue 30. \"The Mighty World of Marvel\" vol. 6 was launched in October 2016. The initial line was Doctor Strange, Ms. Marvel and Black Widow followed by Silver Surfer and Guardians of the Galaxy. Later issues featured Ms. Marvel & Nick Fury's Civil War II stories. The following is a summary of characters who featured in this volume:", "\"Charlie Always Pays\" Pikelet is a fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He is Bingo Little's turf accountant. He appears in \"Sonny Boy\", and is mentioned in \"Stylish Stouts\". Claude Cattermole \"Catsmeat\" Potter-Pirbright is a recurring fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He also appears in Jeeves stories. Alexander Charles \"Oofy \" Prosser is a recurring fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He is a wealthy yet still greedy individual who is often referred to as the club millionaire. Henry Cuthbert Purkiss, often called H. C. (or P. P.) Purkiss, is a recurring fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He is the proprietor of \"Wee Tots\", a weekly magazine for children. Julia Purkiss is a fictional character in the Drones Club stories. She is the wife of Henry Cuthbert Purkiss and a lifelong friend of Rosie M. Banks. Adolphus \"Stiffy\" Stiffham is a fictional character. He is the main character of the short story \"The Luck of the Stiffhams\". Reginald \"Pongo\" Twistleton is a fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He also appears in other stories with his Uncle Fred. Jas (or Jos.) Waterbury is a fictional character who appears in two Drones Club short stories, \"The Masked Troubadour\" and \"Oofy, Freddie and the Beef Trust\". He is also featured in the Jeeves short story \"Jeeves and the Greasy Bird\". A greasy-headed and unscrupulous individual, he is a pianist and theatrical agent. He has a niece named Trixie Waterbury, who plays Fairy Queens in pantomime.", "Miss Rosa  Rosa \"Miss Rosa\" Cisneros is a fictional character from the Netflix dramedy series \" Orange Is the New Black\", played by Barbara Rosenblat. The character made her first screen appearance during the premiere episode titled \"I Wasn't Ready\", which aired on July 11, 2013. Stephanie Andujar portrayed \"Young Rosa\" in flashback sequences. Rosenblat originally auditioned for another character but producers asked her to portray Miss Rosa. The character is a cancer sufferer who is incarcerated in Litchfield federal prison because she committed armed bank robberies. Rosenblat did not want to shave her head for the role and a make-up artist was hired to fit a prosthetic appliance to her head creating the character's baldness. The application process took three hours, meaning that the actress had to arrive on set earlier than other cast members. Initially there was no character biography created for Miss Rosa; it was Rosenblat who gave the character a Hispanic background and accent. The show decided to increase Miss Rosa's role during the second season; creating a backstory episode in which she was revealed to be a daring bank robber surrounded by tragedy. Other storylines include forming friendships with Lorna Morello (Yael Stone) and Yusef (Ben Konigsberg), growing animosity with the show's villain Yvonne \"Vee\" Parker (Lorraine Toussaint). The show remained focused on developing Miss Rosa's cancer storyline and her illness progressed to terminal stages. She was used to close the second season finale where she is told she has weeks to live. She escapes Litchfield in a stolen prison van and murders Vee with it. In the first episode of the third season, it is revealed that Miss Rosa commits suicide by driving the van into a quarry. Critical reception of the character has generally been positive.", "Delphine Featherstone is a fictional character played by Stephanie Cole in the British sitcoms \"Open All Hours\" and \" Still Open All Hours\". Known behind her back as The Black Widow due to her long black coat and black hat, she openly admires Arkwright's penny-pinching nature. Mavis is a fictional character played by Maggie Ollerenshaw in the British sitcoms \"Open All Hours\" and \" Still Open All Hours\". Known to Arkwright as 'wavy Mavis' due to her indecisiveness, it is implied that her marriage is not a happy one. She appears to be good friends with Granville, but wonders if her concern for his welfare is simply an outlet for her maternal instincts. Madge is a fictional character played by Brigit Forsyth in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Eric Agnew is a fictional character played by Johnny Vegas in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Gastric is a fictional character played by Tim Healy in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Cyril is a fictional character played by Kulvinder Ghir in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Mrs Blewett is a fictional character played by Kathy Staff in the British sitcom \" Open All Hours\". A somewhat cheerless woman who raised seven children, her personality resembles Staff's character Nora Batty in Roy Clarke's sitcom \" Last of the Summer Wine\". Milk Woman is a fictional character played by Barbara Flynn in the British sitcom \" Open All Hours\". Never named in the series, she is the ongoing object of Granville's desire. A divorcee who combines her milk rounds with her Open University studies, she is occasionally receptive to Granville's interests, but makes it clear he's not her only potential suitor and in later episodes she is engaged to another man."], "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#1", "question": "In what year was it created", "rewrite": "In what year was Fictional character biographycreated", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Edwina Lewis (formerly Dane) is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\". The role was played by actress Margaret Klenck from July 1977 until November 1984. Karen Martin (formerly Wolek) is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\". The role was originated on the show pilot by Niki Flacks July 15, 1968. Flacks continued in the role until the character's last appearance in 1970. Gwendolyn Lord Abbott is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime serial \"One Life to Live\". The role was originated and played by actress Joan Copeland from 1978 through 1979. Lana McClain is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\". The character was the first contract soap role for actress Jacklyn Zeman, who became most recognized for long-playing Bobbie Spencer on sister serial \"General Hospital\". Zeman appeared as Lana onscreen from September 1976 until the character's death December 1977, when she was cast days later for \"GH\" by Gloria Monty based on her \"OLTL\" performance. Lana first appears as a waitress at \"Tony's Place\", a diner owned by Tony Lord (George Reinholt). She is soon hit on by womanizer Brad Vernon (Jameson Parker), who dated Jenny Wolek (Katherine Glass) at the time. As Brad carried on a relationship with both, Lana becomes a nurse at Llanview Hospital and reveals her pregnancy with his child in November 1977. The following month, a drunk Lana dies after Brad gives her a glass of milk laced with sleeping pills. Brad is soon convicted of manslaughter in Lana's death in January 1978. Dorothy Randolph is a fictional character on the ABC Daytime soap opera \"One Life to Live\".", "Cameron Clark is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Ben Gerrard between 2002-2006. Eleanor Jane \"Ellie\" Mills (n\u00e9e Hunter) is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Sarah Baxendale. She first appeared in 2002 and made her final appearance in 2005. Debra \"Debbie\" Dean is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Jodi Albert. She first appeared in 2002, before Albert quit the role in 2004. She made her final appearance during 2005, before making a brief return in 2006. Craig Dean is a fictional character from the long-running British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Guy Burnet. Burnet has won many of Britain's most prestigious acting awards for this role. After his eventful departure from the series in September 2007, he returned to the show on 3 September 2008 in a bid to secure his sunset ending with John Paul McQueen, in which he was successful. He was also featured in the new spin-off show \"Hollyoaks Later\" in November 2008. The character has been called one of \"Hollyoaks\"' most iconic characters. Jake Dean is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Kevin Sacre. Sacre portrayed the character between 2002 and 2008, before making a return on 5 October 2009. In March 2010, Sacre was axed from the series by Paul Marquess during his major revamp and cast cull. Jake made his last appearance on 6 August 2010. Francine \"Frankie\" Osborne (n\u00e9e Wallace, previously Dean) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Helen Pearson.", "\"Charlie Always Pays\" Pikelet is a fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He is Bingo Little's turf accountant. He appears in \"Sonny Boy\", and is mentioned in \"Stylish Stouts\". Claude Cattermole \"Catsmeat\" Potter-Pirbright is a recurring fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He also appears in Jeeves stories. Alexander Charles \"Oofy \" Prosser is a recurring fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He is a wealthy yet still greedy individual who is often referred to as the club millionaire. Henry Cuthbert Purkiss, often called H. C. (or P. P.) Purkiss, is a recurring fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He is the proprietor of \"Wee Tots\", a weekly magazine for children. Julia Purkiss is a fictional character in the Drones Club stories. She is the wife of Henry Cuthbert Purkiss and a lifelong friend of Rosie M. Banks. Adolphus \"Stiffy\" Stiffham is a fictional character. He is the main character of the short story \"The Luck of the Stiffhams\". Reginald \"Pongo\" Twistleton is a fictional character in the Drones Club stories. He also appears in other stories with his Uncle Fred. Jas (or Jos.) Waterbury is a fictional character who appears in two Drones Club short stories, \"The Masked Troubadour\" and \"Oofy, Freddie and the Beef Trust\". He is also featured in the Jeeves short story \"Jeeves and the Greasy Bird\". A greasy-headed and unscrupulous individual, he is a pianist and theatrical agent. He has a niece named Trixie Waterbury, who plays Fairy Queens in pantomime.", "Delphine Featherstone is a fictional character played by Stephanie Cole in the British sitcoms \"Open All Hours\" and \" Still Open All Hours\". Known behind her back as The Black Widow due to her long black coat and black hat, she openly admires Arkwright's penny-pinching nature. Mavis is a fictional character played by Maggie Ollerenshaw in the British sitcoms \"Open All Hours\" and \" Still Open All Hours\". Known to Arkwright as 'wavy Mavis' due to her indecisiveness, it is implied that her marriage is not a happy one. She appears to be good friends with Granville, but wonders if her concern for his welfare is simply an outlet for her maternal instincts. Madge is a fictional character played by Brigit Forsyth in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Eric Agnew is a fictional character played by Johnny Vegas in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Gastric is a fictional character played by Tim Healy in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Cyril is a fictional character played by Kulvinder Ghir in the British sitcom \" Still Open All Hours\". Mrs Blewett is a fictional character played by Kathy Staff in the British sitcom \" Open All Hours\". A somewhat cheerless woman who raised seven children, her personality resembles Staff's character Nora Batty in Roy Clarke's sitcom \" Last of the Summer Wine\". Milk Woman is a fictional character played by Barbara Flynn in the British sitcom \" Open All Hours\". Never named in the series, she is the ongoing object of Granville's desire. A divorcee who combines her milk rounds with her Open University studies, she is occasionally receptive to Granville's interests, but makes it clear he's not her only potential suitor and in later episodes she is engaged to another man.", "In May 2011 it was announced Carter had quit again, in order to pursue other projects. Lisa Hunter is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Gemma Atkinson. The character is noted for her storylines including bullying and self-harming. After her exit from \"Hollyoaks\", Atkinson reprised the role twice in two spin-off series. Leslie \"Les\" Hunter is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by John Graham Davies. Sally Hunter is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Katherine Dow Blyton. Rebecca \"Becca\" Dean (n\u00e9e Hayton) is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Ali Bastian. She debuted on-screen during episodes airing in 2001 and departed on 14 February 2007. David \"Bombhead\" Burke is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Lee Otway. Initially known as 'David Witherspoon', he appeared on the soap between 2001 and 2005. In 2010, Otway reprised the role in online spin-off \"\". The character returned again on 13 January 2011 for two episodes. Tobias \"Toby\" Alexander Mills is a fictional character from the long-running British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Henry Luxemburg. Jodie Nash is a fictional character from the long-running Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Kate McEnery between 2001-2003. Jamie Nash is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera \"Hollyoaks\", played by Stefan Booth. The character appeared between 2001 and 2002."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#2", "question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "rewrite": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography by Kitty Pryde", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While Knockout defeated Rogue, Bloodlust fought Domino, Snake Whip fought Jubilee, and Mindblast fought Psylocke until Sapphire Styx used her lifeforce-draining ability on Psylocke. Kitty Pryde got Jubilee and Domino away from the King's Impresario Restaurant as Snake Whip states that they won't get far. As Mindblast and Knockout prepare to have Rogue and Storm delivered to Viper's bosses in Soteira, it was revealed that Sapphire Styx was given to Viper and the Femme Fatales by Soteira as Viper tells Snake Whip to let Sapphire feed. Meanwhile, Bloodlust was seen at the Wheelers and Dealers casino with a mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite. As Domino fights Bloodlust at the launch site and defeats her, Snake Whip works to restrain Sapphire when she starts to see Wolverine's Patch alias. Kitty Pryde and Jubilee fight Mindblast and Knockout until Kitty destroys the psychic-enhancements on Mindblast's back enough for Magneto to recover and join the fight. By the time, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire Styx, they discover that Psylocke is mentally attacking Sapphire. After Sapphire Styx exploded enabling Psylocke to create a new body from Sapphire's soul power, Kitty Pryde goes into the rocket and frees Rogue and Storm. As Rogue steals some of Knockout's strength to defeat her, Psylocke uses her powers to defeat Bloodlust and Snake Whip. Kitty Pryde and Domino persuade Magneto not to take revenge on Mindblast. After Viper gets away with Magneto pursuing her, the Femme Fatales are locked up.", "Kitty Pryde and Wolverine Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985. A spin-off of the series \"Uncanny X-Men\" , it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine. In the introductory pages of the hardcover edition of \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" (published 2008), Milgrom explains that the mini-series was powered by three main ideas. Firstly, Wolverine was the \"hottest property around\" that the X-Men franchise had, so stories with him would sell well. Secondly, Kitty Pryde was \"Chris' [Claremont] baby\", and Claremont was eager to develop this character further. Thirdly, Milgrom himself saw this as a unique chance to work with Marvel Comics legend Claremont. Claremont then wrote a story in which he could bring in new angles on the two characters. Kitty Pryde \u2014 previously little more than a sweet and innocent \"kid sister\" for the older X-Men, a literary foil to provide light-hearted moments \u2014 was portrayed as troubled with \"teenager self-doubt and self-deprecation\", \"searching for her very soul\" and going through the coming of age. Wolverine was put into the honor-driven, mystical Japanese culture, in which he was no longer the X-Men's campy hardman but \"grim and gritty\". To express the atypically dark and personal story, Milgrom also adapted his drawing style, using bolder, darker and more dynamic strokes. In the end, he was very satisfied with the project.", "In six issues, writer Chris Claremont takes Kitty Pryde fresh from her breakup with Colossus in \"Uncanny X-Men #183\" and puts her through a trial of fire in which she confronts her inner demons and emerges victorious. Claremont also plays off the contrast between Kitty and the battle-hardened Wolverine, and the two very different characters establish a platonic, brother-and-sister-like rapport (beginning a tradition of sorts for Wolverine and young female sidekicks). A testament to his newfound esteem for her character, Wolverine would even consider Kitty as a potential leader for the X-Men, were it not for her sheer youth, in later issues of the regular series. \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" is also responsible for establishing Kitty's superhero image, finally settling on a costume which she would wear into the early 1990s, and choosing the codename \"Shadowcat\" (having previously flitted between \"Ariel\" and \"Sprite\"), which she took on after this adventure and has held on until today. Kitty Pryde's father Carmen has run into trouble with the Japanese Yakuza. In order to help him, Kitty follows him on a business trip but is captured by mob boss Shigematsu and the evil ninja Ogun, who brainwashes her into becoming a deadly ninja assassin. After she has perfected her skills, Ogun orders her to kill Wolverine, Ogun's former student, who has come to Japan to look for Kitty. A masked Kitty almost kills Wolverine, before she is knocked out by Logan's friend Yukio and comes to her senses. Terrified at having been turned into a killing machine, Kitty wants to flee, but Logan challenges her to overcome her conditioning by focusing on her inner strength. When Kitty, Yukio and Logan vanquish their opponents, Kitty has the chance to kill Ogun.", "Kitty Pryde was introduced into the X-Men title as the result of an editorial dictate that the book was supposed to depict a school for mutants. Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne named Kitty Pryde after a classmate he met in art school, Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 1973. He had told Pryde he liked her name and asked for permission to use it, promising to name his first original comics character after her. Byrne drew the character to slightly resemble an adolescent Sigourney Weaver. The fictional Kitty Pryde first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129 (January 1980), by writer Chris Claremont and artist Byrne, as a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. Claremont said several elements of the character's personality were derived from those of X-Men editor Louise Simonson's daughter, Julie. Claremont and Byrne made the new character a full-fledged X-Man in issue #139, where she was codenamed \"Sprite\". She was the main character in issues #141-142, the \"Days of Future Past\" storyline, where she is possessed by her older self, whose consciousness time travels to the past to prevent a mass extermination of mutants. The six-issue miniseries Kitty Pryde and Wolverine (1984-1985), written by Claremont, is a coming-of-age storyline in which she matures from a girl to a young woman, adopting the new name \"Shadowcat\". In the late '80s, she joined the British-based super team, Excalibur, where she remained for roughly ten years before coming back to the X-Men. In the early 2000s, she disappeared from the spotlight after semi-retiring from superhero work.", "Haha, I'm Sorry Haha, I'm Sorry is the second extended play by American recording artist Kitty Pryde. It was released on June 11, 2012. The first and only single of \"Haha, I'm Sorry\", \"Okay Cupid\", was released as a digital download on April 11, 2012. On May 9, Kitty Pryde released the music video for \"Okay Cupid\", directed by Bryan McKay and Shannen Ortale, on YouTube. The video became a viral success, having been viewed over one million times as of April 2014. The music video garnered attention from various online music publications, including Complex, The Fader, Rolling Stone, and The New York Times. \"Haha, I'm Sorry\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Craig Jenkins of Beats Per Minute compared Kitty Pryde's confessional lyricism to \"social media oversharing\" and said the extended play \"aptly conveys the shock of a life thrown jarringly off its track where our subject inexplicably finds herself hobnobbing with people she\u2019d only ever read about. \" Jenkins complimented Beautiful Lou's production, comparing it to that of Clams Casino, described Pryde's vocals as breathy and said the tracks \u201csmiledog.jpg\u201d and \u201cOkay Cupid\u201d had a dreamlike quality. He also complimented Riff Raff's guest appearance and Pryde's \"double-time flow\" on the Carly Rae Jepsen redux, \"Give Me Scabies\". Lindsay Zoladz of Pitchfork Media described Pryde's flow on the EP as \"creaky-voiced\" and said Pryde's music \"captures something human and disarmingly honest about longing in the hyper-connected disconnect of the digital world.\""], "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#3", "question": "What were her mutant powers", "rewrite": "What were Kitty Pryde mutant powers", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmy's mutant powers activate when he was badly injured in a drag race, resulting in him being shunned by his human girlfriend. Afterward, he meets former X-Man Kitty Pryde when she arrives at his house and hands him a box of personal items belonging to his real father Ultimate Wolverine, along with a final message from Logan informing his son that he loves him and never regretted having him. With this revelation, Jimmy sought out another former X-Man, Jean Grey, who was in hiding since the Ultimatum event. The two of them together begin recruiting mutants Derek Morgan and Liz Allan, and later the Ultimate Hulk, forming Ultimate-X, under the covert supervision of Ultimate Nick Fury. Ultimate Comics: X-Men: After Valerie Cooper revealed to the world the true origins of mutants, proclaiming the first mutant to be Wolverine, an angry Jimmy left the team to seek answers for himself. However he gets captured by the Purifiers, a faction of Right-wing, mutant-hating, armed paramilitaries, led by William Stryker, Jr. who believed it was his \"mission from God\" to wipe out mutant kind. Jimmy manages to break out of the Purifiers\u2019 prison, freeing as many mutants as he can before he ends up getting shot. One of the free mutants took him to the Morlock Tunnels where he meets up with Kitty Pryde, Iceman, Human Torch, and Rogue. The five of them together decide to stop Stryker from hunting and killing mutants. Kitty manages to kill Stryker, yet it's revealed that Stryker was secretly a mutant himself, his primary power was to communicate and control machines. With his last breath, Stryker transfers his final command to a fleet of Nimrod Sentinels whose primary objective is to hunt down and kill every mutant in the United States.", "Kitty Pryde was introduced into the X-Men title as the result of an editorial dictate that the book was supposed to depict a school for mutants. Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne named Kitty Pryde after a classmate he met in art school, Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 1973. He had told Pryde he liked her name and asked for permission to use it, promising to name his first original comics character after her. Byrne drew the character to slightly resemble an adolescent Sigourney Weaver. The fictional Kitty Pryde first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129 (January 1980), by writer Chris Claremont and artist Byrne, as a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. Claremont said several elements of the character's personality were derived from those of X-Men editor Louise Simonson's daughter, Julie. Claremont and Byrne made the new character a full-fledged X-Man in issue #139, where she was codenamed \"Sprite\". She was the main character in issues #141-142, the \"Days of Future Past\" storyline, where she is possessed by her older self, whose consciousness time travels to the past to prevent a mass extermination of mutants. The six-issue miniseries Kitty Pryde and Wolverine (1984-1985), written by Claremont, is a coming-of-age storyline in which she matures from a girl to a young woman, adopting the new name \"Shadowcat\". In the late '80s, she joined the British-based super team, Excalibur, where she remained for roughly ten years before coming back to the X-Men. In the early 2000s, she disappeared from the spotlight after semi-retiring from superhero work.", "Due to her phobia, she refused to see him ever again, and he leaves the school. With the arrival of Kitty Pryde, a publicly known mutant and former X-Man, at Midtown High, Liz has been complaining to anyone that will listen that Kitty should be with her \"own kind\" and even accused Kitty of thinking she was better than everyone else due to her being a former X-Man, at which point Kitty rebutted Liz's accusations. Liz's best friend, Mary Jane, has also told Liz to keep her mutant phobia to herself when she's around MJ, and that she'd prefer it if Liz kept those thoughts to herself in general. It is subsequently revealed that Liz is a mutant herself, and the Ultimate version of Firestar. Her powers manifest which are witnessed by her friends during a beach party. At first, she accuses her date, Johnny Storm (the Human Torch), of making her super-powered. After a talk with the X-Men's Iceman and Spider-Man, and upon recalling that her 'uncle' was a mutant, she accepts that she may be a mutant herself. Magneto appears after detecting the manifestation of her powers and reveals that years ago, her father asked Magneto to reach out to her after the manifestation of her mutant powers. Magneto promised to him, whether Liz is a mutant or not, he will tell Liz of what her father sacrificed. Magneto revealed to Liz that her father is a mutant and one of the Brotherhood of Mutants. Magneto, intending to keep his promise of reaching Liz, is delayed by the combined efforts of Iceman and Spider-Man. However, they are no match for Magneto, though they are able to buy Liz the time she needs to get away. Liz returns home, and demands her mother tell her the identity of her father.", "While Knockout defeated Rogue, Bloodlust fought Domino, Snake Whip fought Jubilee, and Mindblast fought Psylocke until Sapphire Styx used her lifeforce-draining ability on Psylocke. Kitty Pryde got Jubilee and Domino away from the King's Impresario Restaurant as Snake Whip states that they won't get far. As Mindblast and Knockout prepare to have Rogue and Storm delivered to Viper's bosses in Soteira, it was revealed that Sapphire Styx was given to Viper and the Femme Fatales by Soteira as Viper tells Snake Whip to let Sapphire feed. Meanwhile, Bloodlust was seen at the Wheelers and Dealers casino with a mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite. As Domino fights Bloodlust at the launch site and defeats her, Snake Whip works to restrain Sapphire when she starts to see Wolverine's Patch alias. Kitty Pryde and Jubilee fight Mindblast and Knockout until Kitty destroys the psychic-enhancements on Mindblast's back enough for Magneto to recover and join the fight. By the time, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire Styx, they discover that Psylocke is mentally attacking Sapphire. After Sapphire Styx exploded enabling Psylocke to create a new body from Sapphire's soul power, Kitty Pryde goes into the rocket and frees Rogue and Storm. As Rogue steals some of Knockout's strength to defeat her, Psylocke uses her powers to defeat Bloodlust and Snake Whip. Kitty Pryde and Domino persuade Magneto not to take revenge on Mindblast. After Viper gets away with Magneto pursuing her, the Femme Fatales are locked up.", "Kitty Pryde and Wolverine Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985. A spin-off of the series \"Uncanny X-Men\" , it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine. In the introductory pages of the hardcover edition of \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" (published 2008), Milgrom explains that the mini-series was powered by three main ideas. Firstly, Wolverine was the \"hottest property around\" that the X-Men franchise had, so stories with him would sell well. Secondly, Kitty Pryde was \"Chris' [Claremont] baby\", and Claremont was eager to develop this character further. Thirdly, Milgrom himself saw this as a unique chance to work with Marvel Comics legend Claremont. Claremont then wrote a story in which he could bring in new angles on the two characters. Kitty Pryde \u2014 previously little more than a sweet and innocent \"kid sister\" for the older X-Men, a literary foil to provide light-hearted moments \u2014 was portrayed as troubled with \"teenager self-doubt and self-deprecation\", \"searching for her very soul\" and going through the coming of age. Wolverine was put into the honor-driven, mystical Japanese culture, in which he was no longer the X-Men's campy hardman but \"grim and gritty\". To express the atypically dark and personal story, Milgrom also adapted his drawing style, using bolder, darker and more dynamic strokes. In the end, he was very satisfied with the project."], "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#4", "question": "What else can you tell me about kitty", "rewrite": "What else can you tell me about Kitty Pryde besides her mutant powers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmy's mutant powers activate when he was badly injured in a drag race, resulting in him being shunned by his human girlfriend. Afterward, he meets former X-Man Kitty Pryde when she arrives at his house and hands him a box of personal items belonging to his real father Ultimate Wolverine, along with a final message from Logan informing his son that he loves him and never regretted having him. With this revelation, Jimmy sought out another former X-Man, Jean Grey, who was in hiding since the Ultimatum event. The two of them together begin recruiting mutants Derek Morgan and Liz Allan, and later the Ultimate Hulk, forming Ultimate-X, under the covert supervision of Ultimate Nick Fury. Ultimate Comics: X-Men: After Valerie Cooper revealed to the world the true origins of mutants, proclaiming the first mutant to be Wolverine, an angry Jimmy left the team to seek answers for himself. However he gets captured by the Purifiers, a faction of Right-wing, mutant-hating, armed paramilitaries, led by William Stryker, Jr. who believed it was his \"mission from God\" to wipe out mutant kind. Jimmy manages to break out of the Purifiers\u2019 prison, freeing as many mutants as he can before he ends up getting shot. One of the free mutants took him to the Morlock Tunnels where he meets up with Kitty Pryde, Iceman, Human Torch, and Rogue. The five of them together decide to stop Stryker from hunting and killing mutants. Kitty manages to kill Stryker, yet it's revealed that Stryker was secretly a mutant himself, his primary power was to communicate and control machines. With his last breath, Stryker transfers his final command to a fleet of Nimrod Sentinels whose primary objective is to hunt down and kill every mutant in the United States.", "Kitty Pryde and Wolverine Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985. A spin-off of the series \"Uncanny X-Men\" , it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine. In the introductory pages of the hardcover edition of \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" (published 2008), Milgrom explains that the mini-series was powered by three main ideas. Firstly, Wolverine was the \"hottest property around\" that the X-Men franchise had, so stories with him would sell well. Secondly, Kitty Pryde was \"Chris' [Claremont] baby\", and Claremont was eager to develop this character further. Thirdly, Milgrom himself saw this as a unique chance to work with Marvel Comics legend Claremont. Claremont then wrote a story in which he could bring in new angles on the two characters. Kitty Pryde \u2014 previously little more than a sweet and innocent \"kid sister\" for the older X-Men, a literary foil to provide light-hearted moments \u2014 was portrayed as troubled with \"teenager self-doubt and self-deprecation\", \"searching for her very soul\" and going through the coming of age. Wolverine was put into the honor-driven, mystical Japanese culture, in which he was no longer the X-Men's campy hardman but \"grim and gritty\". To express the atypically dark and personal story, Milgrom also adapted his drawing style, using bolder, darker and more dynamic strokes. In the end, he was very satisfied with the project.", "Due to her phobia, she refused to see him ever again, and he leaves the school. With the arrival of Kitty Pryde, a publicly known mutant and former X-Man, at Midtown High, Liz has been complaining to anyone that will listen that Kitty should be with her \"own kind\" and even accused Kitty of thinking she was better than everyone else due to her being a former X-Man, at which point Kitty rebutted Liz's accusations. Liz's best friend, Mary Jane, has also told Liz to keep her mutant phobia to herself when she's around MJ, and that she'd prefer it if Liz kept those thoughts to herself in general. It is subsequently revealed that Liz is a mutant herself, and the Ultimate version of Firestar. Her powers manifest which are witnessed by her friends during a beach party. At first, she accuses her date, Johnny Storm (the Human Torch), of making her super-powered. After a talk with the X-Men's Iceman and Spider-Man, and upon recalling that her 'uncle' was a mutant, she accepts that she may be a mutant herself. Magneto appears after detecting the manifestation of her powers and reveals that years ago, her father asked Magneto to reach out to her after the manifestation of her mutant powers. Magneto promised to him, whether Liz is a mutant or not, he will tell Liz of what her father sacrificed. Magneto revealed to Liz that her father is a mutant and one of the Brotherhood of Mutants. Magneto, intending to keep his promise of reaching Liz, is delayed by the combined efforts of Iceman and Spider-Man. However, they are no match for Magneto, though they are able to buy Liz the time she needs to get away. Liz returns home, and demands her mother tell her the identity of her father.", "While Knockout defeated Rogue, Bloodlust fought Domino, Snake Whip fought Jubilee, and Mindblast fought Psylocke until Sapphire Styx used her lifeforce-draining ability on Psylocke. Kitty Pryde got Jubilee and Domino away from the King's Impresario Restaurant as Snake Whip states that they won't get far. As Mindblast and Knockout prepare to have Rogue and Storm delivered to Viper's bosses in Soteira, it was revealed that Sapphire Styx was given to Viper and the Femme Fatales by Soteira as Viper tells Snake Whip to let Sapphire feed. Meanwhile, Bloodlust was seen at the Wheelers and Dealers casino with a mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite. As Domino fights Bloodlust at the launch site and defeats her, Snake Whip works to restrain Sapphire when she starts to see Wolverine's Patch alias. Kitty Pryde and Jubilee fight Mindblast and Knockout until Kitty destroys the psychic-enhancements on Mindblast's back enough for Magneto to recover and join the fight. By the time, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire Styx, they discover that Psylocke is mentally attacking Sapphire. After Sapphire Styx exploded enabling Psylocke to create a new body from Sapphire's soul power, Kitty Pryde goes into the rocket and frees Rogue and Storm. As Rogue steals some of Knockout's strength to defeat her, Psylocke uses her powers to defeat Bloodlust and Snake Whip. Kitty Pryde and Domino persuade Magneto not to take revenge on Mindblast. After Viper gets away with Magneto pursuing her, the Femme Fatales are locked up.", "Kitty Pryde was introduced into the X-Men title as the result of an editorial dictate that the book was supposed to depict a school for mutants. Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne named Kitty Pryde after a classmate he met in art school, Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 1973. He had told Pryde he liked her name and asked for permission to use it, promising to name his first original comics character after her. Byrne drew the character to slightly resemble an adolescent Sigourney Weaver. The fictional Kitty Pryde first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129 (January 1980), by writer Chris Claremont and artist Byrne, as a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. Claremont said several elements of the character's personality were derived from those of X-Men editor Louise Simonson's daughter, Julie. Claremont and Byrne made the new character a full-fledged X-Man in issue #139, where she was codenamed \"Sprite\". She was the main character in issues #141-142, the \"Days of Future Past\" storyline, where she is possessed by her older self, whose consciousness time travels to the past to prevent a mass extermination of mutants. The six-issue miniseries Kitty Pryde and Wolverine (1984-1985), written by Claremont, is a coming-of-age storyline in which she matures from a girl to a young woman, adopting the new name \"Shadowcat\". In the late '80s, she joined the British-based super team, Excalibur, where she remained for roughly ten years before coming back to the X-Men. In the early 2000s, she disappeared from the spotlight after semi-retiring from superhero work."], "answer": {"text": "Kitty was then allowed to enroll at Xavier's school with her parents' blessing, becoming the youngest member of the team.", "answer_start": 537}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were her mutant powers", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#5", "question": "How many mutants conformed her team", "rewrite": "How many mutants conformed Kitty Pryde's team", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kitty Pryde and Wolverine Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985. A spin-off of the series \"Uncanny X-Men\" , it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine. In the introductory pages of the hardcover edition of \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" (published 2008), Milgrom explains that the mini-series was powered by three main ideas. Firstly, Wolverine was the \"hottest property around\" that the X-Men franchise had, so stories with him would sell well. Secondly, Kitty Pryde was \"Chris' [Claremont] baby\", and Claremont was eager to develop this character further. Thirdly, Milgrom himself saw this as a unique chance to work with Marvel Comics legend Claremont. Claremont then wrote a story in which he could bring in new angles on the two characters. Kitty Pryde \u2014 previously little more than a sweet and innocent \"kid sister\" for the older X-Men, a literary foil to provide light-hearted moments \u2014 was portrayed as troubled with \"teenager self-doubt and self-deprecation\", \"searching for her very soul\" and going through the coming of age. Wolverine was put into the honor-driven, mystical Japanese culture, in which he was no longer the X-Men's campy hardman but \"grim and gritty\". To express the atypically dark and personal story, Milgrom also adapted his drawing style, using bolder, darker and more dynamic strokes. In the end, he was very satisfied with the project.", "While Knockout defeated Rogue, Bloodlust fought Domino, Snake Whip fought Jubilee, and Mindblast fought Psylocke until Sapphire Styx used her lifeforce-draining ability on Psylocke. Kitty Pryde got Jubilee and Domino away from the King's Impresario Restaurant as Snake Whip states that they won't get far. As Mindblast and Knockout prepare to have Rogue and Storm delivered to Viper's bosses in Soteira, it was revealed that Sapphire Styx was given to Viper and the Femme Fatales by Soteira as Viper tells Snake Whip to let Sapphire feed. Meanwhile, Bloodlust was seen at the Wheelers and Dealers casino with a mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite. As Domino fights Bloodlust at the launch site and defeats her, Snake Whip works to restrain Sapphire when she starts to see Wolverine's Patch alias. Kitty Pryde and Jubilee fight Mindblast and Knockout until Kitty destroys the psychic-enhancements on Mindblast's back enough for Magneto to recover and join the fight. By the time, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire Styx, they discover that Psylocke is mentally attacking Sapphire. After Sapphire Styx exploded enabling Psylocke to create a new body from Sapphire's soul power, Kitty Pryde goes into the rocket and frees Rogue and Storm. As Rogue steals some of Knockout's strength to defeat her, Psylocke uses her powers to defeat Bloodlust and Snake Whip. Kitty Pryde and Domino persuade Magneto not to take revenge on Mindblast. After Viper gets away with Magneto pursuing her, the Femme Fatales are locked up.", "The representative tells Viper that Sapphire Styx tends to prefer the life force of the mutants and tells Viper to focus on delivering the package as all that they are serves the will of Soteira. As Snake Whip asks if they are going to ignore Sapphire Styx' vampiric appetite, Viper says that they have to obey the representative's orders and \"let the @#$%& feed.\" Meanwhile, Sapphire Styx still has Psylocke in her possession as she states that Psylocke's soul is magnificent as it could keep her revitalized for years only to sense that she is dead. Back in the hidden storeroom in the Princess Bar, Kitty Pryde shoots down Jubilee's suggestion to send an S.O.S. to the X-Mansion since Madripoor monitors every transmission enough to pinpoint them. When Domino suggests asking Tyger Tiger for help due to her being a rival of Viper, Kitty Pryde states that she is a loose cannon, a former lover of Wolverine, and can't be trusted after trying to kill him. She then comes up with a plan for them to hide in plain sight like Wolverine did. Arriving at the Hightown casino called Wheelers and Dealers, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee see Bloodlust with a man causing Jubilee to make a scene by attacking Bloodlust. Kitty Pryde abducts the man as Domino beats up Bloodlust. 17 minutes later, the man introduces himself as a high roller and mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite which he agrees to take them to. Meanwhile, Rogue and Storm regain consciousness as Storm's claustrophobia brings a storm to Madripoor. Sapphire Styx comments that she hasn't felt rain that primal for decades.", "Jimmy's mutant powers activate when he was badly injured in a drag race, resulting in him being shunned by his human girlfriend. Afterward, he meets former X-Man Kitty Pryde when she arrives at his house and hands him a box of personal items belonging to his real father Ultimate Wolverine, along with a final message from Logan informing his son that he loves him and never regretted having him. With this revelation, Jimmy sought out another former X-Man, Jean Grey, who was in hiding since the Ultimatum event. The two of them together begin recruiting mutants Derek Morgan and Liz Allan, and later the Ultimate Hulk, forming Ultimate-X, under the covert supervision of Ultimate Nick Fury. Ultimate Comics: X-Men: After Valerie Cooper revealed to the world the true origins of mutants, proclaiming the first mutant to be Wolverine, an angry Jimmy left the team to seek answers for himself. However he gets captured by the Purifiers, a faction of Right-wing, mutant-hating, armed paramilitaries, led by William Stryker, Jr. who believed it was his \"mission from God\" to wipe out mutant kind. Jimmy manages to break out of the Purifiers\u2019 prison, freeing as many mutants as he can before he ends up getting shot. One of the free mutants took him to the Morlock Tunnels where he meets up with Kitty Pryde, Iceman, Human Torch, and Rogue. The five of them together decide to stop Stryker from hunting and killing mutants. Kitty manages to kill Stryker, yet it's revealed that Stryker was secretly a mutant himself, his primary power was to communicate and control machines. With his last breath, Stryker transfers his final command to a fleet of Nimrod Sentinels whose primary objective is to hunt down and kill every mutant in the United States.", "Kitty Pryde was introduced into the X-Men title as the result of an editorial dictate that the book was supposed to depict a school for mutants. Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne named Kitty Pryde after a classmate he met in art school, Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 1973. He had told Pryde he liked her name and asked for permission to use it, promising to name his first original comics character after her. Byrne drew the character to slightly resemble an adolescent Sigourney Weaver. The fictional Kitty Pryde first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129 (January 1980), by writer Chris Claremont and artist Byrne, as a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. Claremont said several elements of the character's personality were derived from those of X-Men editor Louise Simonson's daughter, Julie. Claremont and Byrne made the new character a full-fledged X-Man in issue #139, where she was codenamed \"Sprite\". She was the main character in issues #141-142, the \"Days of Future Past\" storyline, where she is possessed by her older self, whose consciousness time travels to the past to prevent a mass extermination of mutants. The six-issue miniseries Kitty Pryde and Wolverine (1984-1985), written by Claremont, is a coming-of-age storyline in which she matures from a girl to a young woman, adopting the new name \"Shadowcat\". In the late '80s, she joined the British-based super team, Excalibur, where she remained for roughly ten years before coming back to the X-Men. In the early 2000s, she disappeared from the spotlight after semi-retiring from superhero work."], "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler. With the help of Dazzler and Pryde, those X-Men rescued their teammates from the Hellfire Club.", "answer_start": 1201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were her mutant powers", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about kitty", "answer": {"text": "Kitty was then allowed to enroll at Xavier's school with her parents' blessing, becoming the youngest member of the team.", "answer_start": 537, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#6", "question": "How did she get her powers", "rewrite": "How did Kitty Pryde get her powers", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kitty Pryde and Wolverine Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985. A spin-off of the series \"Uncanny X-Men\" , it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine. In the introductory pages of the hardcover edition of \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" (published 2008), Milgrom explains that the mini-series was powered by three main ideas. Firstly, Wolverine was the \"hottest property around\" that the X-Men franchise had, so stories with him would sell well. Secondly, Kitty Pryde was \"Chris' [Claremont] baby\", and Claremont was eager to develop this character further. Thirdly, Milgrom himself saw this as a unique chance to work with Marvel Comics legend Claremont. Claremont then wrote a story in which he could bring in new angles on the two characters. Kitty Pryde \u2014 previously little more than a sweet and innocent \"kid sister\" for the older X-Men, a literary foil to provide light-hearted moments \u2014 was portrayed as troubled with \"teenager self-doubt and self-deprecation\", \"searching for her very soul\" and going through the coming of age. Wolverine was put into the honor-driven, mystical Japanese culture, in which he was no longer the X-Men's campy hardman but \"grim and gritty\". To express the atypically dark and personal story, Milgrom also adapted his drawing style, using bolder, darker and more dynamic strokes. In the end, he was very satisfied with the project.", "As they suspect that Magneto excavated Wolverine's body, they fly to Madripoor with the aid of Domino flying the airplane to keep them off the grid. When they arrive, they are confronted by Magneto where Kitty Pryde states that he did not return any of her messages and that they got to talk about Wolverine. Magneto will speak to them at the King's Impresario Restaurant in Hightown at 10:00 PM which he won't wear his helmet to so that Psylocke can verify what he has to say. Unbeknownst to Kitty Pryde's group, they are being overshadowed by Mindblast. At the Princess' Bar where Wolverine once ran it under the alias of Patch, Kitty Pryde learns what Wolverine taught her about a safe place to reside in the meantime and quotes \"Yashida\" causing the bartender Mr. Halliday to take them to a secret basement room. After flashing back to a discussion she had with Wolverine, Storm holds the cat head peace offering that she once gave Wolverine. Reading a nearby letter from Carol Danvers to Wolverine, Rogue recalls how Ms. Marvel was angry at her for once stealing her powers and how Professor X gave Rogue a home at the X-Mansion. Looking at a samurai armor, Psylocke recalls her duel with Wolverine. After getting into some dresses that would enable them to blend in to Madripoor's night life, Kitty Pryde's group head to the King's Impresario Restaurant where they meet up with Magneto. Unfortunately, the person they were talking to was not Magneto and was actually Mindblast in disguise who subdues Storm as Viper appears where she hasn't been seen since Hydra's short-lived reign over the United States and is now in the company of the Femme Fatales.", "While Knockout defeated Rogue, Bloodlust fought Domino, Snake Whip fought Jubilee, and Mindblast fought Psylocke until Sapphire Styx used her lifeforce-draining ability on Psylocke. Kitty Pryde got Jubilee and Domino away from the King's Impresario Restaurant as Snake Whip states that they won't get far. As Mindblast and Knockout prepare to have Rogue and Storm delivered to Viper's bosses in Soteira, it was revealed that Sapphire Styx was given to Viper and the Femme Fatales by Soteira as Viper tells Snake Whip to let Sapphire feed. Meanwhile, Bloodlust was seen at the Wheelers and Dealers casino with a mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite. As Domino fights Bloodlust at the launch site and defeats her, Snake Whip works to restrain Sapphire when she starts to see Wolverine's Patch alias. Kitty Pryde and Jubilee fight Mindblast and Knockout until Kitty destroys the psychic-enhancements on Mindblast's back enough for Magneto to recover and join the fight. By the time, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire Styx, they discover that Psylocke is mentally attacking Sapphire. After Sapphire Styx exploded enabling Psylocke to create a new body from Sapphire's soul power, Kitty Pryde goes into the rocket and frees Rogue and Storm. As Rogue steals some of Knockout's strength to defeat her, Psylocke uses her powers to defeat Bloodlust and Snake Whip. Kitty Pryde and Domino persuade Magneto not to take revenge on Mindblast. After Viper gets away with Magneto pursuing her, the Femme Fatales are locked up.", "Haha, I'm Sorry Haha, I'm Sorry is the second extended play by American recording artist Kitty Pryde. It was released on June 11, 2012. The first and only single of \"Haha, I'm Sorry\", \"Okay Cupid\", was released as a digital download on April 11, 2012. On May 9, Kitty Pryde released the music video for \"Okay Cupid\", directed by Bryan McKay and Shannen Ortale, on YouTube. The video became a viral success, having been viewed over one million times as of April 2014. The music video garnered attention from various online music publications, including Complex, The Fader, Rolling Stone, and The New York Times. \"Haha, I'm Sorry\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Craig Jenkins of Beats Per Minute compared Kitty Pryde's confessional lyricism to \"social media oversharing\" and said the extended play \"aptly conveys the shock of a life thrown jarringly off its track where our subject inexplicably finds herself hobnobbing with people she\u2019d only ever read about. \" Jenkins complimented Beautiful Lou's production, comparing it to that of Clams Casino, described Pryde's vocals as breathy and said the tracks \u201csmiledog.jpg\u201d and \u201cOkay Cupid\u201d had a dreamlike quality. He also complimented Riff Raff's guest appearance and Pryde's \"double-time flow\" on the Carly Rae Jepsen redux, \"Give Me Scabies\". Lindsay Zoladz of Pitchfork Media described Pryde's flow on the EP as \"creaky-voiced\" and said Pryde's music \"captures something human and disarmingly honest about longing in the hyper-connected disconnect of the digital world.\"", "Kitty Pryde was introduced into the X-Men title as the result of an editorial dictate that the book was supposed to depict a school for mutants. Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne named Kitty Pryde after a classmate he met in art school, Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 1973. He had told Pryde he liked her name and asked for permission to use it, promising to name his first original comics character after her. Byrne drew the character to slightly resemble an adolescent Sigourney Weaver. The fictional Kitty Pryde first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129 (January 1980), by writer Chris Claremont and artist Byrne, as a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. Claremont said several elements of the character's personality were derived from those of X-Men editor Louise Simonson's daughter, Julie. Claremont and Byrne made the new character a full-fledged X-Man in issue #139, where she was codenamed \"Sprite\". She was the main character in issues #141-142, the \"Days of Future Past\" storyline, where she is possessed by her older self, whose consciousness time travels to the past to prevent a mass extermination of mutants. The six-issue miniseries Kitty Pryde and Wolverine (1984-1985), written by Claremont, is a coming-of-age storyline in which she matures from a girl to a young woman, adopting the new name \"Shadowcat\". In the late '80s, she joined the British-based super team, Excalibur, where she remained for roughly ten years before coming back to the X-Men. In the early 2000s, she disappeared from the spotlight after semi-retiring from superhero work."], "answer": {"text": "Phoenix then used her considerable telepathic power to erase the memories of Kitty's parents and plant false ones, resulting in a complete shift in their attitude towards Xavier.", "answer_start": 358}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were her mutant powers", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about kitty", "answer": {"text": "Kitty was then allowed to enroll at Xavier's school with her parents' blessing, becoming the youngest member of the team.", "answer_start": 537, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many mutants conformed her team", "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler. With the help of Dazzler and Pryde, those X-Men rescued their teammates from the Hellfire Club.", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#7", "question": "What was she able to do with the powers", "rewrite": "What was Kitty Pryde able to do with the powers", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As they suspect that Magneto excavated Wolverine's body, they fly to Madripoor with the aid of Domino flying the airplane to keep them off the grid. When they arrive, they are confronted by Magneto where Kitty Pryde states that he did not return any of her messages and that they got to talk about Wolverine. Magneto will speak to them at the King's Impresario Restaurant in Hightown at 10:00 PM which he won't wear his helmet to so that Psylocke can verify what he has to say. Unbeknownst to Kitty Pryde's group, they are being overshadowed by Mindblast. At the Princess' Bar where Wolverine once ran it under the alias of Patch, Kitty Pryde learns what Wolverine taught her about a safe place to reside in the meantime and quotes \"Yashida\" causing the bartender Mr. Halliday to take them to a secret basement room. After flashing back to a discussion she had with Wolverine, Storm holds the cat head peace offering that she once gave Wolverine. Reading a nearby letter from Carol Danvers to Wolverine, Rogue recalls how Ms. Marvel was angry at her for once stealing her powers and how Professor X gave Rogue a home at the X-Mansion. Looking at a samurai armor, Psylocke recalls her duel with Wolverine. After getting into some dresses that would enable them to blend in to Madripoor's night life, Kitty Pryde's group head to the King's Impresario Restaurant where they meet up with Magneto. Unfortunately, the person they were talking to was not Magneto and was actually Mindblast in disguise who subdues Storm as Viper appears where she hasn't been seen since Hydra's short-lived reign over the United States and is now in the company of the Femme Fatales.", "Kitty Pryde and Wolverine Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985. A spin-off of the series \"Uncanny X-Men\" , it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine. In the introductory pages of the hardcover edition of \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" (published 2008), Milgrom explains that the mini-series was powered by three main ideas. Firstly, Wolverine was the \"hottest property around\" that the X-Men franchise had, so stories with him would sell well. Secondly, Kitty Pryde was \"Chris' [Claremont] baby\", and Claremont was eager to develop this character further. Thirdly, Milgrom himself saw this as a unique chance to work with Marvel Comics legend Claremont. Claremont then wrote a story in which he could bring in new angles on the two characters. Kitty Pryde \u2014 previously little more than a sweet and innocent \"kid sister\" for the older X-Men, a literary foil to provide light-hearted moments \u2014 was portrayed as troubled with \"teenager self-doubt and self-deprecation\", \"searching for her very soul\" and going through the coming of age. Wolverine was put into the honor-driven, mystical Japanese culture, in which he was no longer the X-Men's campy hardman but \"grim and gritty\". To express the atypically dark and personal story, Milgrom also adapted his drawing style, using bolder, darker and more dynamic strokes. In the end, he was very satisfied with the project.", "While Knockout defeated Rogue, Bloodlust fought Domino, Snake Whip fought Jubilee, and Mindblast fought Psylocke until Sapphire Styx used her lifeforce-draining ability on Psylocke. Kitty Pryde got Jubilee and Domino away from the King's Impresario Restaurant as Snake Whip states that they won't get far. As Mindblast and Knockout prepare to have Rogue and Storm delivered to Viper's bosses in Soteira, it was revealed that Sapphire Styx was given to Viper and the Femme Fatales by Soteira as Viper tells Snake Whip to let Sapphire feed. Meanwhile, Bloodlust was seen at the Wheelers and Dealers casino with a mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite. As Domino fights Bloodlust at the launch site and defeats her, Snake Whip works to restrain Sapphire when she starts to see Wolverine's Patch alias. Kitty Pryde and Jubilee fight Mindblast and Knockout until Kitty destroys the psychic-enhancements on Mindblast's back enough for Magneto to recover and join the fight. By the time, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire Styx, they discover that Psylocke is mentally attacking Sapphire. After Sapphire Styx exploded enabling Psylocke to create a new body from Sapphire's soul power, Kitty Pryde goes into the rocket and frees Rogue and Storm. As Rogue steals some of Knockout's strength to defeat her, Psylocke uses her powers to defeat Bloodlust and Snake Whip. Kitty Pryde and Domino persuade Magneto not to take revenge on Mindblast. After Viper gets away with Magneto pursuing her, the Femme Fatales are locked up.", "Kitty Pryde was introduced into the X-Men title as the result of an editorial dictate that the book was supposed to depict a school for mutants. Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne named Kitty Pryde after a classmate he met in art school, Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 1973. He had told Pryde he liked her name and asked for permission to use it, promising to name his first original comics character after her. Byrne drew the character to slightly resemble an adolescent Sigourney Weaver. The fictional Kitty Pryde first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129 (January 1980), by writer Chris Claremont and artist Byrne, as a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. Claremont said several elements of the character's personality were derived from those of X-Men editor Louise Simonson's daughter, Julie. Claremont and Byrne made the new character a full-fledged X-Man in issue #139, where she was codenamed \"Sprite\". She was the main character in issues #141-142, the \"Days of Future Past\" storyline, where she is possessed by her older self, whose consciousness time travels to the past to prevent a mass extermination of mutants. The six-issue miniseries Kitty Pryde and Wolverine (1984-1985), written by Claremont, is a coming-of-age storyline in which she matures from a girl to a young woman, adopting the new name \"Shadowcat\". In the late '80s, she joined the British-based super team, Excalibur, where she remained for roughly ten years before coming back to the X-Men. In the early 2000s, she disappeared from the spotlight after semi-retiring from superhero work.", "Haha, I'm Sorry Haha, I'm Sorry is the second extended play by American recording artist Kitty Pryde. It was released on June 11, 2012. The first and only single of \"Haha, I'm Sorry\", \"Okay Cupid\", was released as a digital download on April 11, 2012. On May 9, Kitty Pryde released the music video for \"Okay Cupid\", directed by Bryan McKay and Shannen Ortale, on YouTube. The video became a viral success, having been viewed over one million times as of April 2014. The music video garnered attention from various online music publications, including Complex, The Fader, Rolling Stone, and The New York Times. \"Haha, I'm Sorry\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. Craig Jenkins of Beats Per Minute compared Kitty Pryde's confessional lyricism to \"social media oversharing\" and said the extended play \"aptly conveys the shock of a life thrown jarringly off its track where our subject inexplicably finds herself hobnobbing with people she\u2019d only ever read about. \" Jenkins complimented Beautiful Lou's production, comparing it to that of Clams Casino, described Pryde's vocals as breathy and said the tracks \u201csmiledog.jpg\u201d and \u201cOkay Cupid\u201d had a dreamlike quality. He also complimented Riff Raff's guest appearance and Pryde's \"double-time flow\" on the Carly Rae Jepsen redux, \"Give Me Scabies\". Lindsay Zoladz of Pitchfork Media described Pryde's flow on the EP as \"creaky-voiced\" and said Pryde's music \"captures something human and disarmingly honest about longing in the hyper-connected disconnect of the digital world.\""], "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler.", "answer_start": 1201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were her mutant powers", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about kitty", "answer": {"text": "Kitty was then allowed to enroll at Xavier's school with her parents' blessing, becoming the youngest member of the team.", "answer_start": 537, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many mutants conformed her team", "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler. With the help of Dazzler and Pryde, those X-Men rescued their teammates from the Hellfire Club.", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she get her powers", "answer": {"text": "Phoenix then used her considerable telepathic power to erase the memories of Kitty's parents and plant false ones, resulting in a complete shift in their attitude towards Xavier.", "answer_start": 358, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#8", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Kitty Pryde mutant powers??", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While Knockout defeated Rogue, Bloodlust fought Domino, Snake Whip fought Jubilee, and Mindblast fought Psylocke until Sapphire Styx used her lifeforce-draining ability on Psylocke. Kitty Pryde got Jubilee and Domino away from the King's Impresario Restaurant as Snake Whip states that they won't get far. As Mindblast and Knockout prepare to have Rogue and Storm delivered to Viper's bosses in Soteira, it was revealed that Sapphire Styx was given to Viper and the Femme Fatales by Soteira as Viper tells Snake Whip to let Sapphire feed. Meanwhile, Bloodlust was seen at the Wheelers and Dealers casino with a mathematician named Stenya Ubacowits who was hired to help in the flight trajectory of a satellite. As Domino fights Bloodlust at the launch site and defeats her, Snake Whip works to restrain Sapphire when she starts to see Wolverine's Patch alias. Kitty Pryde and Jubilee fight Mindblast and Knockout until Kitty destroys the psychic-enhancements on Mindblast's back enough for Magneto to recover and join the fight. By the time, Kitty Pryde, Domino, and Jubilee catch up to Sapphire Styx, they discover that Psylocke is mentally attacking Sapphire. After Sapphire Styx exploded enabling Psylocke to create a new body from Sapphire's soul power, Kitty Pryde goes into the rocket and frees Rogue and Storm. As Rogue steals some of Knockout's strength to defeat her, Psylocke uses her powers to defeat Bloodlust and Snake Whip. Kitty Pryde and Domino persuade Magneto not to take revenge on Mindblast. After Viper gets away with Magneto pursuing her, the Femme Fatales are locked up.", "Due to her phobia, she refused to see him ever again, and he leaves the school. With the arrival of Kitty Pryde, a publicly known mutant and former X-Man, at Midtown High, Liz has been complaining to anyone that will listen that Kitty should be with her \"own kind\" and even accused Kitty of thinking she was better than everyone else due to her being a former X-Man, at which point Kitty rebutted Liz's accusations. Liz's best friend, Mary Jane, has also told Liz to keep her mutant phobia to herself when she's around MJ, and that she'd prefer it if Liz kept those thoughts to herself in general. It is subsequently revealed that Liz is a mutant herself, and the Ultimate version of Firestar. Her powers manifest which are witnessed by her friends during a beach party. At first, she accuses her date, Johnny Storm (the Human Torch), of making her super-powered. After a talk with the X-Men's Iceman and Spider-Man, and upon recalling that her 'uncle' was a mutant, she accepts that she may be a mutant herself. Magneto appears after detecting the manifestation of her powers and reveals that years ago, her father asked Magneto to reach out to her after the manifestation of her mutant powers. Magneto promised to him, whether Liz is a mutant or not, he will tell Liz of what her father sacrificed. Magneto revealed to Liz that her father is a mutant and one of the Brotherhood of Mutants. Magneto, intending to keep his promise of reaching Liz, is delayed by the combined efforts of Iceman and Spider-Man. However, they are no match for Magneto, though they are able to buy Liz the time she needs to get away. Liz returns home, and demands her mother tell her the identity of her father.", "Kitty Pryde was introduced into the X-Men title as the result of an editorial dictate that the book was supposed to depict a school for mutants. Uncanny X-Men artist John Byrne named Kitty Pryde after a classmate he met in art school, Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary in 1973. He had told Pryde he liked her name and asked for permission to use it, promising to name his first original comics character after her. Byrne drew the character to slightly resemble an adolescent Sigourney Weaver. The fictional Kitty Pryde first appeared in Uncanny X-Men #129 (January 1980), by writer Chris Claremont and artist Byrne, as a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. Claremont said several elements of the character's personality were derived from those of X-Men editor Louise Simonson's daughter, Julie. Claremont and Byrne made the new character a full-fledged X-Man in issue #139, where she was codenamed \"Sprite\". She was the main character in issues #141-142, the \"Days of Future Past\" storyline, where she is possessed by her older self, whose consciousness time travels to the past to prevent a mass extermination of mutants. The six-issue miniseries Kitty Pryde and Wolverine (1984-1985), written by Claremont, is a coming-of-age storyline in which she matures from a girl to a young woman, adopting the new name \"Shadowcat\". In the late '80s, she joined the British-based super team, Excalibur, where she remained for roughly ten years before coming back to the X-Men. In the early 2000s, she disappeared from the spotlight after semi-retiring from superhero work.", "Kitty Pryde and Wolverine Kitty Pryde and Wolverine is a six-issue comic book limited series written by Chris Claremont and illustrated by Al Milgrom, and published by Marvel Comics between November 1984 and April 1985. A spin-off of the series \"Uncanny X-Men\" , it chronicles a Japanese adventure of two of the most popular X-Men of the time, Kitty Pryde and Wolverine. In the introductory pages of the hardcover edition of \"Kitty Pryde and Wolverine\" (published 2008), Milgrom explains that the mini-series was powered by three main ideas. Firstly, Wolverine was the \"hottest property around\" that the X-Men franchise had, so stories with him would sell well. Secondly, Kitty Pryde was \"Chris' [Claremont] baby\", and Claremont was eager to develop this character further. Thirdly, Milgrom himself saw this as a unique chance to work with Marvel Comics legend Claremont. Claremont then wrote a story in which he could bring in new angles on the two characters. Kitty Pryde \u2014 previously little more than a sweet and innocent \"kid sister\" for the older X-Men, a literary foil to provide light-hearted moments \u2014 was portrayed as troubled with \"teenager self-doubt and self-deprecation\", \"searching for her very soul\" and going through the coming of age. Wolverine was put into the honor-driven, mystical Japanese culture, in which he was no longer the X-Men's campy hardman but \"grim and gritty\". To express the atypically dark and personal story, Milgrom also adapted his drawing style, using bolder, darker and more dynamic strokes. In the end, he was very satisfied with the project.", "Jimmy's mutant powers activate when he was badly injured in a drag race, resulting in him being shunned by his human girlfriend. Afterward, he meets former X-Man Kitty Pryde when she arrives at his house and hands him a box of personal items belonging to his real father Ultimate Wolverine, along with a final message from Logan informing his son that he loves him and never regretted having him. With this revelation, Jimmy sought out another former X-Man, Jean Grey, who was in hiding since the Ultimatum event. The two of them together begin recruiting mutants Derek Morgan and Liz Allan, and later the Ultimate Hulk, forming Ultimate-X, under the covert supervision of Ultimate Nick Fury. Ultimate Comics: X-Men: After Valerie Cooper revealed to the world the true origins of mutants, proclaiming the first mutant to be Wolverine, an angry Jimmy left the team to seek answers for himself. However he gets captured by the Purifiers, a faction of Right-wing, mutant-hating, armed paramilitaries, led by William Stryker, Jr. who believed it was his \"mission from God\" to wipe out mutant kind. Jimmy manages to break out of the Purifiers\u2019 prison, freeing as many mutants as he can before he ends up getting shot. One of the free mutants took him to the Morlock Tunnels where he meets up with Kitty Pryde, Iceman, Human Torch, and Rogue. The five of them together decide to stop Stryker from hunting and killing mutants. Kitty manages to kill Stryker, yet it's revealed that Stryker was secretly a mutant himself, his primary power was to communicate and control machines. With his last breath, Stryker transfers his final command to a fleet of Nimrod Sentinels whose primary objective is to hunt down and kill every mutant in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "Kitty was unnerved by Frost, observing that the White Queen looked at her as if she were \"something good to eat.\"", "answer_start": 473}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were her mutant powers", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about kitty", "answer": {"text": "Kitty was then allowed to enroll at Xavier's school with her parents' blessing, becoming the youngest member of the team.", "answer_start": 537, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many mutants conformed her team", "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler. With the help of Dazzler and Pryde, those X-Men rescued their teammates from the Hellfire Club.", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she get her powers", "answer": {"text": "Phoenix then used her considerable telepathic power to erase the memories of Kitty's parents and plant false ones, resulting in a complete shift in their attitude towards Xavier.", "answer_start": 358, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was she able to do with the powers", "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler.", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_98d6a9f0735942e3a427f07b743f5a4d_0_q#9", "question": "Was she able to defeat frost", "rewrite": "WasKitty Pryde able to defeat frost", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The book \"Nunaga\" is dedicated to Gina which was Duncan Pryde's pet name for Georgina. The couple were guests for an official dinner when Queen Elizabeth visited Yellowknife in 1970. Georgina presented the Queen with an armful of white Arctic fox furs, a gift from the Northwest Territories Government. Before Duncan and Georgina became a couple, Duncan had relationships with a number of Inuit women, some of whom had children by Duncan. In Yellowknife Duncan Pryde sometimes boasted about his Arctic children with the phrase: \" every woman should have a bit of Pryde in them.\" Val Wake found these claims objectional, especially as Duncan Pryde did nothing to support his children. Wake's reporting of Pryde's activities as a member of the Territorial Council became less positive. Pryde later moved to Alaska to work on his dictionary at the University of the Arctic. He had problems with Immigration and was forced to leave the United States until his residency issues were settled. After leaving Alaska, Pryde moved back to the United Kingdom and moved in with his brother in London. He had trouble adjusting away from northern life but never returned to the Arctic. Pryde met his second wife and moved to the Isle of Wight, setting up a newspaper shop called Pryde of Cowes and continuing work on his dictionary. He lived a quiet life and ended up losing touch with his United Kingdom family. Pryde died on November 15, 1997. This article appears to be based on his obituary in \"The Independent\" here.", "Romantic Rhythms Music Festival Romantic Rhythms Music Festival is a music festival that is set to take place in Antigua and Barbuda every year during the slow tourism season of May/June. The inaugural festival took place from the 13 to 16 June 2008. Headliners then included Keyshia Cole, Shaggy, Lionel Richie, Kenny Rogers, Musiq Soulchild, Damian Marley, Destra Garcia, Brian McKnight and Maxi Priest. The first festival took place at the Sir Vivian Richards Cricket Grounds built for 2007 Cricket World Cup. \"Antigua and Barbuda, award winning destination for Weddings and Honeymoons, will burst onto the entertainment scene as the epitome of romance, when The Romantic Rhythms Festival is launched during the month of June 2008. Music aficionados will fall in love as the lyrical beauty engulfs the entire destination, spreading peace, love and unity to locals and visitors alike.\" - According to the festival promo. The Music Festival was the brainchild of the Antigua Minister of Tourism, Harold Lovell, his team and the chairman of the festival board, Dr. Alvin Edwards. The festival was to be a \"shot in the arm\" for the tourism slump around the months of May and June. It was meant to keep a steady flow of visitors into Antigua between Antigua Sailing Week in April and Antigua Carnival in July/August. The original festival cost a reported US$2 Million to host. Full article: Sir Vivian Richards Cricket Grounds Sir Vivian Richards Stadium is a multi-use, world class ultra-modern stadium in North Sound, Antigua and Barbuda, named after Viv Richards. It was built for use in the 2007 Cricket World Cup where it hosted Super 8 matches. It holds 10,000 people normally, but temporary seating doubled its capacity for the ICC Cricket World Cup 2007. Its construction was financed by China.", "Duncan Pryde Duncan Pryde (June 8, 1937 \u2013 November 15, 1997) was a hunter, trapper, lexicographer and politician from Northwest Territories, Canada. He served as a member of the Northwest Territories Council from 1966 to 1975. His book based on his experiences, \"Nunaga\" (1971), has been reprinted several times. Duncan McLean Pryde was born on June 8, 1937 in Scotland. He was raised in an orphanage along with his four brothers and one sister. He joined the Merchant Navy at the age of 15 and eventually covered himself with tattoos. Pryde didn't last long in the Merchant Navy, resigning due to an eye injury, and went to work for Singer Corporation in a plant manufacturing sewing machines. He left Singer at the age of 18 in 1955 after seeing an advertisement for the Hudson's Bay Company looking for traders to work in the Canadian North. After arriving in Canada, Pryde spent three years working in Ontario and Manitoba where he learned to speak Cree before transferring to the Northwest Territories. After moving to the Arctic, determined to learn Inuktituk or Eskimo as it was then known, Pryde began writing his own dictionary after being given a poorly written dictionary by a Catholic Mission. Pryde began adopting the way of life of the Inuit and learned the skills to live off the land. He became fluent in communication after three or four years. He also fathered a number of children with Inuit women. Pryde's political career began in 1966. The Northwest Territories opened up territorial elections for the first time in the Eastern Arctic after amendments to the \"Northwest Territories Act\" Pryde was elected by Acclamation for a by-election held on September 19, 1966 in the new electoral district of Central Arctic.", "As White Queen of the Hellfire Club, Frost held many titles, one of which was Chairman of the Board and CEO of Frost International, which helps to fund the activities of the Lords Cardinal. Frost also becomes the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and headmistress of the Massachusetts Academy, a school for mutants which serves as a counterpoint to Charles Xavier's School for Gifted Youngsters. Frost and the Club's agents later attempted to recruit Kitty Pryde for the Massachusetts Academy, and capture (and personally torture) several members of the X-Men, including Storm, Colossus, Wolverine, and Phoenix. Frost engages Phoenix in a psychic battle in which she is overpowered and on the verge of being killed. Frost launches a last-minute attack that led the X-Men to believe she had committed suicide, though in truth, she was comatose and recovering from Phoenix's attack under the care of Sebastian Shaw. In another encounter with the Hellfire Club, Frost telepathically forces Kitty Pryde's parents to transfer her from Xavier's to the Massachusetts Academy. She then switches minds with Storm in order to defeat the X-Men from within their own ranks, however, the process is soon reversed and the two are restored to their respective bodies. She was later temporarily rendered comatose by Mastermind. During her time with the Hellfire Club, Frost continues to run the Massachusetts Academy and mentors the mutant team known as the Hellions. Frost attempts to recruit several gifted youngsters to her cause: Firestar, Doug Ramsey and again Kitty Pryde, all of which result in altercations. Alongside the Hellions, Frost encounters the Hellions' rival team, Xavier's New Mutants, several times. When the New Mutants are later killed and resurrected by the Beyonder, they are left traumatized and withdrawn.", "It is said he was saved by girls who saw Langalibalele and reported the matter to Gxiva, his friend. Gxiva managed to release Langalibalele who escaped during the night and crossed the Mzinyathi river which was in flood. Langalibalele had a long history of escapes including escaping being killed by amaZulu. In 1848 Mpande summoned Langalibilele to the royal kraal. Langalibalele, mindful of what had happened to his brother, refused, and Mpande, incensed by Langalibalele's refusal, launched an attack. The \"amaHlubi\" and the \"amaPutini\" fled across the Buffalo River into the Klip River country and Langalibilele appealed to Martin West, the lieutenant governor of Natal for protection. In December 1849, after negotiations in which Shepstone exhibited considerable diplomacy, the amaHlubi, now reduced to 7000 in number, were granted 364 km of good land on the banks of the Little Bushmans River, between the newly established European settlement of Bushmans River (Estcourt) and the Drakensberg. It was hoped that the \"amaHlubi\" would provide a buffer between the bushmen and the settlers and so protect the settlers' cattle from the bushmen. This area proved too small and within a few years, the Hlubi settlement had spread to over 6000 km. The British Government required that the colonies be self-supporting insofar as was possible, resulting in various taxes being imposed on all residents. In the 1850s military levies and a hut tax were imposed on the native population who lived within the limits of the Colony. In 1873 a marriage tax of \u00a35 imposed by the colonial government caused much resentment."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the name of the Fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "X-Men's", "answer_start": 338, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year was it created", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Tell me something interesting about the fictional character biography", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were her mutant powers", "answer": {"text": "Kitty started to have headaches at age thirteen, signaling the emergence of her mutant powers.", "answer_start": 212, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about kitty", "answer": {"text": "Kitty was then allowed to enroll at Xavier's school with her parents' blessing, becoming the youngest member of the team.", "answer_start": 537, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many mutants conformed her team", "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler. With the help of Dazzler and Pryde, those X-Men rescued their teammates from the Hellfire Club.", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she get her powers", "answer": {"text": "Phoenix then used her considerable telepathic power to erase the memories of Kitty's parents and plant false ones, resulting in a complete shift in their attitude towards Xavier.", "answer_start": 358, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was she able to do with the powers", "answer": {"text": "She managed to contact Cyclops, Phoenix, and Nightcrawler.", "answer_start": 1201, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Kitty was unnerved by Frost, observing that the White Queen looked at her as if she were \"something good to eat.\"", "answer_start": 473, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#0", "question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "rewrite": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bob Merrill's lyrics were reworked by Iza Trapani into her 2004 children's book, \"How Much Is That Doggie in the Window?\". The phrase \"How much is that doggie in the window?\" seemed innocent enough in 1953, but in modern times it has become synonymous with the trade in puppies from pet shops, often originating in puppy mills. In 2009, Patti Page recorded a version of the song with a new title (\"Do You See That Doggie in the Shelter\") together with new lyrics by Chris Gantry, with the hopes of emphasizing the adoption of homeless animals from animal shelters. The rights to that song were given exclusively to the Humane Society of the United States. Said Page: A season five episode of Cold Case, \"Devil's Music\", used Patti Page's recording in the opening. The 2007 video game \"BioShock\" does not use the original overdubbed Mercury recording. Instead a 1966 re-recording by Patti Page with full orchestra for Columbia Records was substituted. The most infamous use of the song was in the climax of John Waters's film \"Pink Flamingos\", where Divine proves once and for all she is not only the filthiest person alive, but also the filthiest actress by watching a dog defecate on the sidewalk and then putting some of the feces in her mouth. Roza was a singer with The Ted Heath jazz band during the 1950s. During this period, she was voted Favourite Female Vocalist in a \"Melody Maker\" poll from 1951 to 1955 and a similar poll in \"New Musical Express\" from 1952 to 1955. In 1951, she recorded \"Allentown Jail\" with the Heath Band, which led to her A&R Dick Rowe asking her to sing \" (How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?\".", "You Belong to Me (1952 song) \"You Belong to Me\" is a romantic popular music ballad from the 1950s. \"You Belong to Me\" is credited to Pee Wee King, Chilton Price and Redd Stewart. Price, a songwriting librarian at WAVE Radio Louisville, had written the song in its virtual entirety as \"Hurry Home to Me\", envisioning the song as an American woman's plea to a sweetheart serving overseas in World War II. Afforded songwriting credit on the song mostly in exchange for their work in promoting it, King and Stewart did slightly adjust Price's composition musically and lyrically, shifting the focus from a wartime background \"into a kind of universal song about separated lovers\" and changing the title to \" You Belong to Me\". Price had previously had success with another hit which she had written, \"Slow Poke\", under a similar arrangement with the two men. The first recording of the song, in February 1952, was by Joni James. She had seen the sheet music in the Woods Building in Chicago and the lyrics attracted her. She recorded the song in Chicago, and it was released in March on the local Sharp Records label. After she signed to MGM it was reissued as her second single on that label on August 5, 1952, after Jo Stafford, Patti Page and Dean Martin had covered it. James' version also was issued on M-G-M Records for national distribution. The best-known early 1952 version of the song was recorded after James' recording by Sue Thompson on Mercury's country label as catalog number 6407. It was soon covered by Patti Page, whose version was issued by Mercury as catalog number 5899, with \"I Went to Your Wedding\" (a bigger Patti Page hit, reaching No. 1) on the flip side.", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\"", "The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,", "In the 1950s Schoen arranged music for an album that was released on Decca called \"Music for a Rainy Night\". Johnny Green was so upset about Schoen's arrangement of his 1933 song I Cover the Waterfront (which appeared on the album) that he never spoke with Schoen again. Green felt that the arrangement was a disgrace to his song. In 1956 Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama from the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen's most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Schoen's arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, \"Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.\" In 1957, Schoen moved to New York City to become the musical director for \"The Big Record\" (1957\u201358), a variety series on CBS hosted by Patti Page. Schoen recalled, \"Virtually all of the most famous singers and big bands of the time performed on this show.\" Schoen also composed and arranged music for numerous Las Vegas productions at the Desert Inn, the Stardust, The Lido in Las Vegas as well as The Lido in Paris (including three world tours). The following is from the original liner notes:  \"Stereophonic Suite For Two Bands\" was first conceived in early 1958 when Vic was musical director for \"The Big Record\" TV series hosted by Patti Page."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#1", "question": "Did she have any chart-topping country music hits during this time?", "rewrite": "Did Patti Page have any chart-topping country music hits in 1966-1982?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,", "Valeriy Hubulov Valeriy Nikolaevich Hubulov (, 6 November 1966 \u2013 31 May 1998) was a South Ossetian politician, who was minister of defense and acting prime minister in 1996. He was assassinated in 1998 while in Russia. Hubulov was born in Tskhinvali in 1966. He was trained as a high school teacher at Tskhinvali University, specializing in physics and mathematics. He graduated in 1990. From 1984 till 1986, Hubulov served in the Soviet Army. In 1991 he was elected the First Secretary of the South Ossetian Komsomol and as a member of the Central Committee of Soviet Komsomol. Hubulov was an active participant in the 1991\u20131992 South Ossetia War, leading and coordinating various resistance groups against the Georgian invasion. After the war, he participated in the signing of the Sochi agreement. He also fought in the War in Abkhazia (1992\u20131993), leading a South Ossetian unit fighting on the Abkhazian side, for which he was awarded the Order of Leon by president Vladislav Ardzinba. In 1993, Hubulov initiated the founding of the South Ossetian ministry of defense, of which he became the first minister. At the same time, he was also made deputy PM in the cabinet of Gerasim Khugayev. When PM Vladislav Gabarayev was fired in August 1996, Hubulov, as deputy PM, succeeded him and became acting prime minister for several months, until a replacement was found in Aleksandr Shavlokhov. Valeriy Hubulov was assassinated by unknown killers at the market place of Vladikavkaz in North Ossetia\u2013Alania on 31 May 1998. The gunmen opened fire on his car with AK-47s.", "In the 1950s Schoen arranged music for an album that was released on Decca called \"Music for a Rainy Night\". Johnny Green was so upset about Schoen's arrangement of his 1933 song I Cover the Waterfront (which appeared on the album) that he never spoke with Schoen again. Green felt that the arrangement was a disgrace to his song. In 1956 Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama from the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen's most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Schoen's arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, \"Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.\" In 1957, Schoen moved to New York City to become the musical director for \"The Big Record\" (1957\u201358), a variety series on CBS hosted by Patti Page. Schoen recalled, \"Virtually all of the most famous singers and big bands of the time performed on this show.\" Schoen also composed and arranged music for numerous Las Vegas productions at the Desert Inn, the Stardust, The Lido in Las Vegas as well as The Lido in Paris (including three world tours). The following is from the original liner notes:  \"Stereophonic Suite For Two Bands\" was first conceived in early 1958 when Vic was musical director for \"The Big Record\" TV series hosted by Patti Page.", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\"", "Patti Page discography This article presents the discography of American Traditional Pop music singer, Patti Page. Between 1948 and 1982, Patti Page has charted a total of 110 hits on Billboard's Top Sellers / Pop Singles Chart, the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and the Hot Country Songs chart. Four of these singles peaked at #1, all on the Billboard Pop Chart between 1950 and 1953. Also, since 1951, Page has released 39 studio albums, three of which were recorded as tribute albums. She recorded one live album in 1998 at Carnegie Hall, which gave Page her first Grammy award."], "answer": {"text": "Before releasing \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" Page signed with Columbia Records, where she remained until the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for Columbia in the 1960s.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#2", "question": "Did she release any other records on Columbia Records during that time?", "rewrite": "Did Patti Page release any other records on Columbia Records in 1966-1982 besides \"Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte\"?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Gentle on My Mind (Patti Page album) Gentle on My Mind was an LP album by Patti Page, released by Columbia Records in 1968, produced and arranged by Don Costa, and conducted by Patti's long-time accompanist, Rocky Cole. The album was reissued, combined with the 1965 Patti Page album \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" in compact disc format, by Collectables Records on August 24, 1999.", "The \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" song is heard in full as an instrumental - by the Frank DeVol Orchestra - under the film's opening credits, just prior to which a group of juvenile tormentors sing a debased version of the chorus, referencing Charlotte's supposed murder of John Mayhew. The Al Martino rendition of \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" was relegated to the B-side of his January 1965 single release \"My Heart Would Know\" which reached #52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100: \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" would be featured on Martino's \"Somebody is Taking My Place\" album. When the song earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Song, Bette Davis herself reportedly was hoping to perform it: however Patti Page performed \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" on the April 5, 1965 37th Academy Awards broadcast, Page singing the song from the perspective of a third-party reassuring Charlotte that she [i.e. Charlotte] has John's constant devotion: Page had recorded the song in a February 17, 1965 session at Columbia Recording Studio in Nashville. Despite the song's being bested for the Academy Award by \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\" from \"Mary Poppins\", a recording of Page's rendition of \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" was rush-released to become the singer's first Top 40 hit on Columbia Records as of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart dated May 22, 1965; rising as high as #8 on the Hot 100 dated June 26, 1965, \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" ranked as Page's first Top Twenty hit since 1958 and earned her a fifteenth and final Gold record for sales of one million units. The track also reached number two on the Easy Listening chart.", "Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte (album) Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte was an LP album by Patti Page, released by Columbia Records in 1965. The album was reissued, combined with the 1968 Patti Page album \"Gentle on My Mind,\" in compact disc format, by Collectables Records on August 24, 1999.", "Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte (song)  \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" is a popular song with music by Frank De Vol and lyrics by Mack David, introduced in the 1964 film \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" starring Bette Davis. The song's title appears with varying punctuation in its different versions: this article indicates how each specific version styled the title. Originally, the film and the song did not share a title , the working title of the film being \" What Ever Happened to Cousin Charlotte? \" Reportedly, Bette Davis disliked the working title feeling it falsely indicated a sequel to \"What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?\" and, the song with the opening lyric \"Hush, hush, sweet Charlotte\" having been written early in the film's development and having been played for Davis , she suggested \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" should serve as the movie's title. In the storyline of the film, the song is written for Davis' character: the aging Southern belle Charlotte Hollis, by her would-be lover John Mayhew whose murder thirty-seven years ago is generally ascribed to Charlotte. The song also effectively functions as the film's theme as its lyrics in effect reference how Charlotte will obsess over her lost love throughout most of her life. The song's melody plays on a music box which Charlotte treasures, and is also a feature of the gaslighting to which Charlotte's subjected, as she hears the song played on the harpsichord while she tries to sleep. Davis as Charlotte is also seen playing the song on the harpsichord and singing the most lyrically complete version of the song heard in the film, the Al Martino recording of the song only being heard for one chorus under the film's closing credits.", "Page's producer Bob Johnston so impressed Columbia Records by facilitating Page's scoring a major hit that Johnston was given the plum assignment of producing the \"Highway 61 Revisited\" album by Bob Dylan. Page would not subsequently place a single in the Top 40. \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" served as the title cut for Page's May 1965 album release which consisted of songs with a folk song influence. Lyricist Mack David produced a recording of \"Hush Hush Sweet Charlotte\" by Hoyt Axton while a cover version of \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" was cut by Bruce Forsyth to compete with the June 1965 UK release of the Patti Page single: neither the Forsyth single - which featured the Mike Sammes Singers - nor that by Page reached the UK charts. Richard Chamberlain's rendition of \"Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" appeared on his September 1965 album release \"Joy in the Morning\" which consisted of songs from films or stage musicals: \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" also was featured on the 1965 album \"Chris Connor Sings Gentle Bossa Nova\". The Bette Davis version of \"Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" was first released on the 1976 album \"Miss Bette Davis\". The instrumental version of the movie's theme - as \"Hush Hush Sweet Charlotte\" - was featured on the 1965 album release \"Theme From Peyton Place And 11 Other Great Themes\" by the Frank DeVol Orchestra and was issued as the B-side of that album's single \"Theme from Peyton Place\". Saxophone virtuoso Gerry Mulligan also recorded an instrumental version of \"Hush, Hush Sweet Charlotte\" for his 1965 album \" If You Can't Beat 'Em, Join 'Em\" which consisted of songs which had recently been mainstream pop hits."], "answer": {"text": "In 1971, she released a country music album, I'd Rather Be Sorry, for Mercury records.", "answer_start": 1172}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any chart-topping country music hits during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Before releasing \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" Page signed with Columbia Records, where she remained until the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for Columbia in the 1960s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#3", "question": "Did she do any duets during that time?", "rewrite": "Did Patti Page do any duets in 1966-1982?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In the 1950s Schoen arranged music for an album that was released on Decca called \"Music for a Rainy Night\". Johnny Green was so upset about Schoen's arrangement of his 1933 song I Cover the Waterfront (which appeared on the album) that he never spoke with Schoen again. Green felt that the arrangement was a disgrace to his song. In 1956 Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama from the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen's most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Schoen's arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, \"Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.\" In 1957, Schoen moved to New York City to become the musical director for \"The Big Record\" (1957\u201358), a variety series on CBS hosted by Patti Page. Schoen recalled, \"Virtually all of the most famous singers and big bands of the time performed on this show.\" Schoen also composed and arranged music for numerous Las Vegas productions at the Desert Inn, the Stardust, The Lido in Las Vegas as well as The Lido in Paris (including three world tours). The following is from the original liner notes:  \"Stereophonic Suite For Two Bands\" was first conceived in early 1958 when Vic was musical director for \"The Big Record\" TV series hosted by Patti Page.", "Patti Page discography This article presents the discography of American Traditional Pop music singer, Patti Page. Between 1948 and 1982, Patti Page has charted a total of 110 hits on Billboard's Top Sellers / Pop Singles Chart, the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and the Hot Country Songs chart. Four of these singles peaked at #1, all on the Billboard Pop Chart between 1950 and 1953. Also, since 1951, Page has released 39 studio albums, three of which were recorded as tribute albums. She recorded one live album in 1998 at Carnegie Hall, which gave Page her first Grammy award.", "The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,", "Bob Merrill's lyrics were reworked by Iza Trapani into her 2004 children's book, \"How Much Is That Doggie in the Window?\". The phrase \"How much is that doggie in the window?\" seemed innocent enough in 1953, but in modern times it has become synonymous with the trade in puppies from pet shops, often originating in puppy mills. In 2009, Patti Page recorded a version of the song with a new title (\"Do You See That Doggie in the Shelter\") together with new lyrics by Chris Gantry, with the hopes of emphasizing the adoption of homeless animals from animal shelters. The rights to that song were given exclusively to the Humane Society of the United States. Said Page: A season five episode of Cold Case, \"Devil's Music\", used Patti Page's recording in the opening. The 2007 video game \"BioShock\" does not use the original overdubbed Mercury recording. Instead a 1966 re-recording by Patti Page with full orchestra for Columbia Records was substituted. The most infamous use of the song was in the climax of John Waters's film \"Pink Flamingos\", where Divine proves once and for all she is not only the filthiest person alive, but also the filthiest actress by watching a dog defecate on the sidewalk and then putting some of the feces in her mouth. Roza was a singer with The Ted Heath jazz band during the 1950s. During this period, she was voted Favourite Female Vocalist in a \"Melody Maker\" poll from 1951 to 1955 and a similar poll in \"New Musical Express\" from 1952 to 1955. In 1951, she recorded \"Allentown Jail\" with the Heath Band, which led to her A&R Dick Rowe asking her to sing \" (How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?\".", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\""], "answer": {"text": "In 1973, a duet with country singer Tom T. Hall titled, \"Hello, We're Lonely\" was a Top 20", "answer_start": 1259}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any chart-topping country music hits during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Before releasing \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" Page signed with Columbia Records, where she remained until the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for Columbia in the 1960s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she release any other records on Columbia Records during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, she released a country music album, I'd Rather Be Sorry, for Mercury records.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#4", "question": "Did she tour?", "rewrite": "Did Patti Page tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Gentle on My Mind (Patti Page album) Gentle on My Mind was an LP album by Patti Page, released by Columbia Records in 1968, produced and arranged by Don Costa, and conducted by Patti's long-time accompanist, Rocky Cole. The album was reissued, combined with the 1965 Patti Page album \"Hush, Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" in compact disc format, by Collectables Records on August 24, 1999.", "The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,", "In the 1950s Schoen arranged music for an album that was released on Decca called \"Music for a Rainy Night\". Johnny Green was so upset about Schoen's arrangement of his 1933 song I Cover the Waterfront (which appeared on the album) that he never spoke with Schoen again. Green felt that the arrangement was a disgrace to his song. In 1956 Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama from the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen's most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Schoen's arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, \"Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.\" In 1957, Schoen moved to New York City to become the musical director for \"The Big Record\" (1957\u201358), a variety series on CBS hosted by Patti Page. Schoen recalled, \"Virtually all of the most famous singers and big bands of the time performed on this show.\" Schoen also composed and arranged music for numerous Las Vegas productions at the Desert Inn, the Stardust, The Lido in Las Vegas as well as The Lido in Paris (including three world tours). The following is from the original liner notes:  \"Stereophonic Suite For Two Bands\" was first conceived in early 1958 when Vic was musical director for \"The Big Record\" TV series hosted by Patti Page.", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\"", "Patti Page discography This article presents the discography of American Traditional Pop music singer, Patti Page. Between 1948 and 1982, Patti Page has charted a total of 110 hits on Billboard's Top Sellers / Pop Singles Chart, the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and the Hot Country Songs chart. Four of these singles peaked at #1, all on the Billboard Pop Chart between 1950 and 1953. Also, since 1951, Page has released 39 studio albums, three of which were recorded as tribute albums. She recorded one live album in 1998 at Carnegie Hall, which gave Page her first Grammy award."], "answer": {"text": "she performed with major symphony orchestras in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mexico City, Mexico. .", "answer_start": 165}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any chart-topping country music hits during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Before releasing \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" Page signed with Columbia Records, where she remained until the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for Columbia in the 1960s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she release any other records on Columbia Records during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, she released a country music album, I'd Rather Be Sorry, for Mercury records.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any duets during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1973, a duet with country singer Tom T. Hall titled, \"Hello, We're Lonely\" was a Top 20", "answer_start": 1259, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides Patti Page's tour and hits?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Patti Page discography This article presents the discography of American Traditional Pop music singer, Patti Page. Between 1948 and 1982, Patti Page has charted a total of 110 hits on Billboard's Top Sellers / Pop Singles Chart, the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and the Hot Country Songs chart. Four of these singles peaked at #1, all on the Billboard Pop Chart between 1950 and 1953. Also, since 1951, Page has released 39 studio albums, three of which were recorded as tribute albums. She recorded one live album in 1998 at Carnegie Hall, which gave Page her first Grammy award.", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\"", "Maestri Field at Privateer Park Maestri Field at Privateer Park is a baseball stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana more commonly known as Maestri Field. It is the home field of the University of New Orleans (UNO) Privateers baseball team and opened in 1979. The facility is named after Ron Maestri, who coached the team from 1972\u20131984, and athletic director, where he served for 21 years ending his term in 2000. The stadium was also the home of the New Orleans Zephyrs minor-league baseball team (1993-1996) prior to Zephyr Field opening in 1997. In 1996, the stadium hosted the AAU Junior Olympics baseball competition. Maestri returned to coach the Privateers beginning with the 2014 season. The facility is located on UNO's east campus, about one mile (1.6 km) from the main campus and near the intersection of Press Drive and Leon C. Simon Blvd. Along with the baseball diamond, the east campus is the site of Kiefer UNO Lakefront Arena and the University Tennis Center. The facility has all-aluminum seating and a brick and wrought-iron facade which dramatically changed the park's appearance. Maestri Field had a complete surface facelift prior to the 2006 season. The facelift included a complete reworking of the entire playing surface. Included in the renovation were new irrigation and drainage systems. Also, the entire sand-based Bermuda grass surface was skinned, laser graded and resodded. Improvements also included a 10\u2019 halo around the home plate area and a surrounding warning track enclosing the entire grass surface. The park has a newly remodeled press box and a new lower fence and batter\u2019s eye. Included in the remodeled press box are media facilities that feature a game management area, two radio booths and a section for media and booster seating.", "In the 1950s Schoen arranged music for an album that was released on Decca called \"Music for a Rainy Night\". Johnny Green was so upset about Schoen's arrangement of his 1933 song I Cover the Waterfront (which appeared on the album) that he never spoke with Schoen again. Green felt that the arrangement was a disgrace to his song. In 1956 Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama from the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen's most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Schoen's arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, \"Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.\" In 1957, Schoen moved to New York City to become the musical director for \"The Big Record\" (1957\u201358), a variety series on CBS hosted by Patti Page. Schoen recalled, \"Virtually all of the most famous singers and big bands of the time performed on this show.\" Schoen also composed and arranged music for numerous Las Vegas productions at the Desert Inn, the Stardust, The Lido in Las Vegas as well as The Lido in Paris (including three world tours). The following is from the original liner notes:  \"Stereophonic Suite For Two Bands\" was first conceived in early 1958 when Vic was musical director for \"The Big Record\" TV series hosted by Patti Page.", "The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,"], "answer": {"text": "After a five-year hiatus, she recorded for Plantation Records in 1980.", "answer_start": 1628}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any chart-topping country music hits during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Before releasing \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" Page signed with Columbia Records, where she remained until the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for Columbia in the 1960s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she release any other records on Columbia Records during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, she released a country music album, I'd Rather Be Sorry, for Mercury records.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any duets during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1973, a duet with country singer Tom T. Hall titled, \"Hello, We're Lonely\" was a Top 20", "answer_start": 1259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she tour?", "answer": {"text": "she performed with major symphony orchestras in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mexico City, Mexico. .", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#6", "question": "Does the article explain why she took a hiatus?", "rewrite": "Does the article explain why Patti Page took a hiatus?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Alejandro Mayorkas Alejandro N. Mayorkas (born November 24, 1959) is a Cuban-American lawyer who served as the Deputy Secretary of the United States Department of Homeland Security from Dec. 23, 2013 to Oct. 31, 2016. He is a partner in the law firm of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr (\"WilmerHale\"), joining the firm on Nov. 1, 2016. Mayorkas practices in the areas of civil and criminal litigation, internal investigations, cybersecurity, crisis management and strategic counseling. Mayorkas has received numerous awards and recognition from law enforcement, community and media organizations. In 2008, the National Law Journal named Mayorkas one of the \"50 Most Influential Minority Lawyers in America.\" In 2011, Latino Leaders Magazine named him one of the 101 most influential leaders in the nation's Latino community. Mayorkas was born in Havana, Cuba in 1959. His parents arrived with him and his sister to the United States in late 1960 as political refugees, following Fidel Castro's communist takeover. He lived in Miami, Florida before his family moved to Los Angeles, California, where he was raised for the remainder of his youth. His father was of Cuban Jewish background and his mother a Romanian Jew whose family fled to Cuba. Mayorkas earned his Bachelor of Arts degree with distinction from the University of California at Berkeley in 1981. He received his Juris Doctorate from Loyola Law School in Los Angeles in 1985. He lives with his wife and two of his three daughters in Washington, D. C. After three years as a litigation associate in the private practice of law, Mayorkas became an Assistant United States Attorney in the Central District of California in 1989. He prosecuted a wide array of federal crimes, developing a specialization in the prosecution of white collar crime.", "The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,", "Patti Page discography This article presents the discography of American Traditional Pop music singer, Patti Page. Between 1948 and 1982, Patti Page has charted a total of 110 hits on Billboard's Top Sellers / Pop Singles Chart, the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, and the Hot Country Songs chart. Four of these singles peaked at #1, all on the Billboard Pop Chart between 1950 and 1953. Also, since 1951, Page has released 39 studio albums, three of which were recorded as tribute albums. She recorded one live album in 1998 at Carnegie Hall, which gave Page her first Grammy award.", "He led the 18,000-member workforce, with a budget of nearly $3 billion, in implementing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) process in 60 days, a feat The New York Times praised highly. He led the rescue of orphaned children following the tragic January 2010 earthquake in Haiti and led the advancement of a crime victims unit that, for the first time, resulted in the ability of the agency to administer the statutory maximum number of visas to victims of crime. For his work as the Director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Mayorkas received numerous awards from civic and community organizations, including the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles, and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund. During his tenure, Mr. Mayorkas was repeatedly accused of political favoritism when granting \"Green Cards to wealthy foreign investors,\" for example \"fast-tracking approvals\" for individuals involved in the \"Sahara casino and hotel in Las Vegas, over the objections of internal agency analysts who were suspicious about the source of the funds.\" Mayorkas was promoted to the position of Deputy Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security and later confirmed as the Deputy Secretary in December 2014 following a party line Senate vote. Originally scheduled for a Senate confirmation hearing only several weeks after his nomination, the DHS Inspector General's office leaked that it was investigating Mayorkas based on allegations that he exercised undue influence in the adjudication of an EB-5 petition involving Virginia gubernatorial candidate Terry McAuliffe. Mayorkas vigorously denied the allegations in his Senate confirmation hearing, which Republicans boycotted. Mayorkas was ultimately confirmed; months later, the new Inspector General issued a report that did not find undue influence but criticized Mayorkas for failing to protect against an appearance of same.", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any chart-topping country music hits during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Before releasing \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" Page signed with Columbia Records, where she remained until the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for Columbia in the 1960s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she release any other records on Columbia Records during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, she released a country music album, I'd Rather Be Sorry, for Mercury records.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any duets during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1973, a duet with country singer Tom T. Hall titled, \"Hello, We're Lonely\" was a Top 20", "answer_start": 1259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she tour?", "answer": {"text": "she performed with major symphony orchestras in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mexico City, Mexico. .", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "After a five-year hiatus, she recorded for Plantation Records in 1980.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae167a6ffc7442e39ede8c7d61427478_0_q#7", "question": "Did she have any notable, non-musical life events during this time period?", "rewrite": "Did Patti Page have any notable, non-musical life events during 1962-1988?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the 1950s Schoen arranged music for an album that was released on Decca called \"Music for a Rainy Night\". Johnny Green was so upset about Schoen's arrangement of his 1933 song I Cover the Waterfront (which appeared on the album) that he never spoke with Schoen again. Green felt that the arrangement was a disgrace to his song. In 1956 Schoen became the musical director for Patti Page producing a long string of hits that included Mama from the Train, Allegheny Moon, Old Cape Cod, Belonging To Someone, and Left Right Out of Your Heart. Page and Schoen's most challenging project was a new recording of Gordon Jenkins narrative tone poem Manhattan Tower (recorded September 1956). The album was a tremendous success, both artistically and commercially, reaching No. 18 on the Billboard LP chart, the highest ranking of any album she ever made. Schoen's arrangements were far more lively and jazzy than the original Jenkins arrangements. Schoen recalled, \"Patti was an alto, but I pushed her to reach notes higher than she had sung before for this album. We always enjoyed working together.\" In 1957, Schoen moved to New York City to become the musical director for \"The Big Record\" (1957\u201358), a variety series on CBS hosted by Patti Page. Schoen recalled, \"Virtually all of the most famous singers and big bands of the time performed on this show.\" Schoen also composed and arranged music for numerous Las Vegas productions at the Desert Inn, the Stardust, The Lido in Las Vegas as well as The Lido in Paris (including three world tours). The following is from the original liner notes:  \"Stereophonic Suite For Two Bands\" was first conceived in early 1958 when Vic was musical director for \"The Big Record\" TV series hosted by Patti Page.", "(After the initial pressings \"Boogie Woogie Santa Claus\" was replaced as the B-side by \"Long Long Ago\".) A #2 C&W hit, \"The Tennessee Waltz\" became Page's career record. The success of the Patti Page version led to covers by Les Paul with Mary Ford (Capitol 1316) and Jo Stafford (Columbia 39065) both of which reached the Top Ten \u2013 Stafford's at #7 and Paul/Ford at #6 (the latter was a double-sided hit with \"Little Rock Getaway\" reaching #18). The Fontane Sisters made their first solo recording cutting \"Tennessee Waltz\" in a November 1950 session at RCA Victor Studios in New York City; the track would reach the Top 20. In addition, the original version \u2013 credited to Pee Wee King \u2013 was re-released to reach #6 C&W. Patsy Cline also recorded The Tennessee Waltz for Decca records in 1962. Other recordings were made by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians (Decca 27336), for the UK market by Petula Clark and for the Japanese market by Chiemi Eri. On the \"Cash Box\" charts, \"Tennessee Waltz\" reached #1 on December 30, 1950 with the Patti Page, Jo Stafford, Guy Lombardo and LesPaul/ Mary Ford versions being given a tandem ranking; as such \"Tennessee Waltz\" remained #1 in \"Cash Box\" through the February 3, 1951 chart. In 1950, the same year as Patti Page's hit recording, Spike Jones and his City Slickers recorded a parody featuring a duet with singers sporting Yiddish accents. Ivo Robi\u0107 recorded \"Tennessee Waltz\" for his 1957 album \"Cowboyske Pjesme\".", "The Patti Page Show The Patti Page Show is an American television series which aired from 1955 to 1956. It aired in a 15-minute time-slot, with two commercial breaks for sponsor Oldsmobile. In the series, Patti Page lip-synced pop songs, mostly standards, with additional songs by the Page Five singers, a vocal group of three men and two women. The series aired in first-run syndication. It was produced was Screen Gems. There were 78 quarter-hour episodes, which around 1958 were edited into 31 half-hour episodes. In its quarter-hour form, the program was sold to the UK and Australia. In London it was broadcast on ITV (ATV) and in Australia on TCN-9 and HSV-7. Episodes appear on the Internet Archive: , , , and . A copy of a 15-minute episode, with poor sound and the original commercials, also appears on the website: \" The Patti Page Show\": First song \"Goody Goody\"", "In the song \"Lord, Mr. Ford\" on the 1979 album \"Matchbox\" by British rockabilly band Matchbox, they cover Jerry Reed's 1973 original, and the line \"Come away with me, Lucille\" is repeated several times, with the addition, at the end of the song, of the line \" In my smoking choking automobile. \" The name Lucille hit its highest number in the US register of 1902; it was highly popular and had a certain glamour at the point of the song's popularity. Oldsmobile sponsored several TV shows starring Patti Page in the 1950s, including \"The Patti Page Show\" from 1955\u201356, \"The Big Record\" from 1957-58 and \"The Oldsmobile Show starring Patti Page\" from 1958-59. \" In My Merry Oldsmobile\" was used as the theme song on every telecast, and Page often sang some form of it with new lyrics. On some of the programs, the musical commercial segments were performed by Bill Hayes and Florence Henderson. It was used as the opening and closing theme on Techdirt's Podcast Episode 28: Is Car Ownership On The Way Out? The words, as sung by Billy Murray, are as follows:  Verse 1  Verse 2 Chorus   Murray revived the old song for a \"follow the bouncing ball\" cartoon in the 1930s.", "The recordings were then issued as \"Sidney Bechet's One Man Band\" In 1948 experiments mixing sound effects and musical instruments made by Pierre Schaeffer at the Radio T\u00e9l\u00e9diffusion Fran\u00e7aise experimental studio in Paris led to \"\u00c9tude aux Tourniquets\", the first avant garde composition using recording as a composition technique, recorded and mixed directly on acetate records as tape recorders were not yet available. Similar sound collage experiments had been made by Edgard Var\u00e8se in the 1920s but Var\u00e8se, also a French composer, wrote scores later played live by musicians. As from 1949, Schaeffer composed and recorded on acetates with Pierre Henry (\"Symphonie pour un homme seul\", 1950), who also recorded with Var\u00e8se in 1954. Together they used some of the earliest tape recorders available in the early 1950s. The invention of magnetic tape opened up new possibilities for overdubbing, particularly with the development of multitrack recording with sel-sync. One of the first known commercially released overdubbed recordings was \"Confess\" for Mercury Records by Patti Page in 1948, although this overdubbing was done with acetate. With the popularity of this recording Page recorded \"With My Eyes Wide Open I'm Dreaming\" using the same overdubbing technique. The vocals were listed as \"Voices by: Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page, Patti Page\". Les Paul was an early innovator of overdubbing, and began to experiment with it around 1930. He originally created multi-track recordings by using a modified disk lathe to record several generations of sound on a single disk, before later using tape technology, having been given one of the first Ampex 300 series tape recorders as a gift from Bing Crosby. His 1950 #1 hit,"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What led to Patti Page changing musical style in the 60s?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any chart-topping country music hits during this time?", "answer": {"text": "Before releasing \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte,\" Page signed with Columbia Records, where she remained until the end of the decade. She released a few studio albums for Columbia in the 1960s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she release any other records on Columbia Records during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1971, she released a country music album, I'd Rather Be Sorry, for Mercury records.", "answer_start": 1172, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she do any duets during that time?", "answer": {"text": "In 1973, a duet with country singer Tom T. Hall titled, \"Hello, We're Lonely\" was a Top 20", "answer_start": 1259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she tour?", "answer": {"text": "she performed with major symphony orchestras in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mexico City, Mexico. .", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "After a five-year hiatus, she recorded for Plantation Records in 1980.", "answer_start": 1628, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does the article explain why she took a hiatus?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27ccfee3b2b5458caa442cf05d9fbd49_0_q#0", "question": "how did Jan van Eyck mature?", "rewrite": "how did Jan van Eyck mature?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Van Eyck  Van Eyck or Van Eijk () is a Dutch toponymic surname. \" Eijck\", \"Eyck\", \"Eyk\" and \"Eijk\" are all archaic spellings of modern Dutch (\"oak\") and the surname literally translates as \"from/of oak\". However, in most cases, the family name refers to an origin in Maaseik. This city on the Meuse, now in Belgium on the border with the Netherlands, was originally simply known as \"Eike\" (with many spellings) and from the 13th century as Old Eyck and New Eyck. Names with a particle, like \"Van der Eijk\" are more likely to refer directly to the tree. People with this surname include:  The important Flemish family of Early Netherlandish painters with the surname van Eyck originated in Maaseik, but ultimately established their professional domicile in Ghent and in Bruges. There they changed the traditional habits of the earlier schools, remodeled the earlier forms of Flemish design, and introduced a substantial revolution into the technical methods of execution familiar to their countrymen. These painters were responsible for many famous works of the 15th century. Family members included: Hubert van Eyck (1380s \u2013 1426), Jan van Eyck (c.1390 \u2013 1441), their brother Lambert van Eyck, and sister Margareta van Eyck, Jan's wife, also Margaretha (1405/06 \u2013 aft.1441), and probably Barth\u00e9lemy d'Eyck (c.1420 \u2013 aft.1470) from the next generation. Jan van Eyck, active in Bruges, is probably the best known Northern European painter of the 15th century.", "Jan van Eyck Academie The Van Eyck \u2013 Multiform Institute for Fine Art, Design, and Reflection (formerly known as \u201cJan van Eyck Academie\u201d) is a post-academic institute for research and production in the fields of fine art, design and art theory, based in Maastricht, Netherlands. The academy was established in 1948 and was named after the painter Jan van Eyck. In 2013, 39 researches from countries around the world were working and studying at the institutes premises in Jekerkwartier. In 2012, the Hubert van Eyck Academie / Caterina van Hemessen Academie was established as a \u2018teaching bridge,\u2019 linking the Jan van Eyck Academie / Margaret van Eyck Academie with Maastricht University and other Maastricht art schools. In 1928 the priest Leo Linssen, the architect Alphons Boosten and the artist-writer Jan Engelman discussed the state of art in the province of Limburg, and the need for an art academy in the south of the Netherlands based on Roman Catholic principles. However, their ideas did not materialize at the time. Nearly two decades later, in December 1947, the Saint Bernulphus Foundation succeeded in establishing an institute for advanced education in fine art based on Catholic principles in Maastricht. The institute is named after the painter Jan van Eyck, born in Maaseik, not far from Maastricht, and considered a suitable role model for Catholic artists. The academy in Maastricht was originally conceived as a Catholic counterpart of the non-denominational Rijksakademie in Amsterdam, founded in 1870.", "When the Jan van Eyck Academie celebrated its 40th anniversary in 1988, architects Wiel Arets and Wim van den Bergh were asked by Mr Graatsma to translate the policy plan of the academy into architectural terms. ' Macchina Arte' was the name for the architectonic concept that was about a complex set of thoughts that converged in the concept of 'machine'. By this time, the Jan van Eyck Academie had truly become an international platform for art. The majority of advising researchers and students were from abroad and English had become the language of communication. The 1991 policy plan of the academy's new director Jan van Toorn described the Jan van Eyck Academie as an international post-graduate art center with three disciplines: fine art, design and art theory. During this period individual freedom, discourse and the wider cultural context were emphasized. The horizontal organizational structure of the institute ensured mutual interchange and interaction in the disciplines of architecture, sculpture, photography, graphics, painting, video-audio and mixed media. The Jan van Eyck Academie in the 1990s can be described as a venue for practical and theoretical reflection on art and society that went beyond generally accepted values. ' Researchers' (no longer students!) were expected to have attained a practical and theoretical level that allowed them to make contributions to discussions, to do research and to engage in multi- and trans-disciplinary activities. In 1992 a computer workshop was set up and in 1995 the Jan van Eyck Academie was connected to the internet. By this time, there were seven professional technical studios/workshops in the building: the audio and video studios, the computer workshop, the print shop, the photo studio, and workshops for graphics, wood and other materials. The media center, including the library and archives, was enlarged. New research programs were set up (Transcultural Studies and Design & Media).", "Researchers can make use of the facilities (\u2018Labs\u2019) inside the institute: the \"Charles Nypels Lab / Anne P\u00e9tronille Nypels Lab\" (print workshop), the \"Heimo Lab / Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel Lab\" (wood and metal workshop), the \"Werner Mantz Lab / Elsa Stansfield Lab\" (multimedia workshop), the \"Pierre Kemp Lab / Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Cornips Lab\" (library and archives), the \"Jac. P. Thijsse Lab / Wilhelmina Minis-van de Geijn Lab\" (nature research), and the \"Food Lab\". After extensive renovations, the renewed building was reopened on March 27, 2013, and the institution was restructured by director Lex ter Braak: Under the umbrella term \u201cVan Eyck\u201d \"Jan van Eyck Academie / Margaret van Eyck Academie\" and \"Hubert van Eyck Academie / Caterina van Hemessen Academie\" as well as the (then five) Labs were integrated. In April and May 2017, female names were officially added to the all-male names of the Van Eyck\u2019s two academies and its five Labs. As of October 1, 2018, curator Hicham Khalidi serves as director of Van Eyck. On 25 January 2012, the Hubert van Eyck Academie was established as a post-academic institution aiming to develop teaching facilities in partnership with the faculty of Cultural and Social Sciences of Maastricht University and three Maastricht branches of Hogeschool Zuyd (Zuyd University of Applied Sciences): the Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts, the Maastricht Academy of Music and the Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts. Hubert van Eyck was Jan\u2019s elder brother and taught Jan how to use oil-based paint.", "Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?) Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?) (also Portrait of a Man in a Turban or Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban) is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck, from 1433. The inscription at the top of the panel, \"Als Ich Can\" (intended as \"as I/Eyck can\") was a common autograph for van Eyck, but here is unusually large and prominent. This fact, along with the man's unusually direct and confrontational gaze, have been taken as an indication that the work is a self-portrait. Probably his \"Portrait of Margaret van Eyck\" was a pendant, although her only known portrait is both dated 1439 and larger. It has been proposed that van Eyck created the portrait to store in his workshop so that he could use it display his abilities (and social status, given the fine clothes evident in the portrait) to potential clients. However, his reputation was such in 1433 that he was already highly sought after for commissioned work. The panel has been in the National Gallery, London, since 1851, having been in England since Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel acquired it, probably during his exile in Antwerp from 1642\u201344. The original frame survives (the vertical sides are in fact a single piece of wood with the central panel), and has the painted inscription (\"Jan van Eyck Made Me on October 21, 1433\") at the bottom and at the top the motto (\"I Do as I Can\"), which appears on other van Eyck paintings, always written in Greek letters, and includes a pun on his name. As on other van Eyck frames, the letters are painted to appear carved. Autographing and dating panel paintings in the early 15th century was unusual."], "answer": {"text": "The years between 1434 and 1436 are generally considered his high point", "answer_start": 396}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_27ccfee3b2b5458caa442cf05d9fbd49_0_q#1", "question": "what was one of his successes?", "rewrite": "what was one of Jan van Eyck's successes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Researchers can make use of the facilities (\u2018Labs\u2019) inside the institute: the \"Charles Nypels Lab / Anne P\u00e9tronille Nypels Lab\" (print workshop), the \"Heimo Lab / Luzia Hartsuyker-Curjel Lab\" (wood and metal workshop), the \"Werner Mantz Lab / Elsa Stansfield Lab\" (multimedia workshop), the \"Pierre Kemp Lab / Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Cornips Lab\" (library and archives), the \"Jac. P. Thijsse Lab / Wilhelmina Minis-van de Geijn Lab\" (nature research), and the \"Food Lab\". After extensive renovations, the renewed building was reopened on March 27, 2013, and the institution was restructured by director Lex ter Braak: Under the umbrella term \u201cVan Eyck\u201d \"Jan van Eyck Academie / Margaret van Eyck Academie\" and \"Hubert van Eyck Academie / Caterina van Hemessen Academie\" as well as the (then five) Labs were integrated. In April and May 2017, female names were officially added to the all-male names of the Van Eyck\u2019s two academies and its five Labs. As of October 1, 2018, curator Hicham Khalidi serves as director of Van Eyck. On 25 January 2012, the Hubert van Eyck Academie was established as a post-academic institution aiming to develop teaching facilities in partnership with the faculty of Cultural and Social Sciences of Maastricht University and three Maastricht branches of Hogeschool Zuyd (Zuyd University of Applied Sciences): the Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts, the Maastricht Academy of Music and the Maastricht Academy of Fine Arts. Hubert van Eyck was Jan\u2019s elder brother and taught Jan how to use oil-based paint.", "Van Eyck  Van Eyck or Van Eijk () is a Dutch toponymic surname. \" Eijck\", \"Eyck\", \"Eyk\" and \"Eijk\" are all archaic spellings of modern Dutch (\"oak\") and the surname literally translates as \"from/of oak\". However, in most cases, the family name refers to an origin in Maaseik. This city on the Meuse, now in Belgium on the border with the Netherlands, was originally simply known as \"Eike\" (with many spellings) and from the 13th century as Old Eyck and New Eyck. Names with a particle, like \"Van der Eijk\" are more likely to refer directly to the tree. People with this surname include:  The important Flemish family of Early Netherlandish painters with the surname van Eyck originated in Maaseik, but ultimately established their professional domicile in Ghent and in Bruges. There they changed the traditional habits of the earlier schools, remodeled the earlier forms of Flemish design, and introduced a substantial revolution into the technical methods of execution familiar to their countrymen. These painters were responsible for many famous works of the 15th century. Family members included: Hubert van Eyck (1380s \u2013 1426), Jan van Eyck (c.1390 \u2013 1441), their brother Lambert van Eyck, and sister Margareta van Eyck, Jan's wife, also Margaretha (1405/06 \u2013 aft.1441), and probably Barth\u00e9lemy d'Eyck (c.1420 \u2013 aft.1470) from the next generation. Jan van Eyck, active in Bruges, is probably the best known Northern European painter of the 15th century.", "Jan van Eyck Academie The Van Eyck \u2013 Multiform Institute for Fine Art, Design, and Reflection (formerly known as \u201cJan van Eyck Academie\u201d) is a post-academic institute for research and production in the fields of fine art, design and art theory, based in Maastricht, Netherlands. The academy was established in 1948 and was named after the painter Jan van Eyck. In 2013, 39 researches from countries around the world were working and studying at the institutes premises in Jekerkwartier. In 2012, the Hubert van Eyck Academie / Caterina van Hemessen Academie was established as a \u2018teaching bridge,\u2019 linking the Jan van Eyck Academie / Margaret van Eyck Academie with Maastricht University and other Maastricht art schools. In 1928 the priest Leo Linssen, the architect Alphons Boosten and the artist-writer Jan Engelman discussed the state of art in the province of Limburg, and the need for an art academy in the south of the Netherlands based on Roman Catholic principles. However, their ideas did not materialize at the time. Nearly two decades later, in December 1947, the Saint Bernulphus Foundation succeeded in establishing an institute for advanced education in fine art based on Catholic principles in Maastricht. The institute is named after the painter Jan van Eyck, born in Maaseik, not far from Maastricht, and considered a suitable role model for Catholic artists. The academy in Maastricht was originally conceived as a Catholic counterpart of the non-denominational Rijksakademie in Amsterdam, founded in 1870.", "When the Jan van Eyck Academie celebrated its 40th anniversary in 1988, architects Wiel Arets and Wim van den Bergh were asked by Mr Graatsma to translate the policy plan of the academy into architectural terms. ' Macchina Arte' was the name for the architectonic concept that was about a complex set of thoughts that converged in the concept of 'machine'. By this time, the Jan van Eyck Academie had truly become an international platform for art. The majority of advising researchers and students were from abroad and English had become the language of communication. The 1991 policy plan of the academy's new director Jan van Toorn described the Jan van Eyck Academie as an international post-graduate art center with three disciplines: fine art, design and art theory. During this period individual freedom, discourse and the wider cultural context were emphasized. The horizontal organizational structure of the institute ensured mutual interchange and interaction in the disciplines of architecture, sculpture, photography, graphics, painting, video-audio and mixed media. The Jan van Eyck Academie in the 1990s can be described as a venue for practical and theoretical reflection on art and society that went beyond generally accepted values. ' Researchers' (no longer students!) were expected to have attained a practical and theoretical level that allowed them to make contributions to discussions, to do research and to engage in multi- and trans-disciplinary activities. In 1992 a computer workshop was set up and in 1995 the Jan van Eyck Academie was connected to the internet. By this time, there were seven professional technical studios/workshops in the building: the audio and video studios, the computer workshop, the print shop, the photo studio, and workshops for graphics, wood and other materials. The media center, including the library and archives, was enlarged. New research programs were set up (Transcultural Studies and Design & Media).", "Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?) Portrait of a Man (Self Portrait?) (also Portrait of a Man in a Turban or Portrait of a Man in a Red Turban) is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck, from 1433. The inscription at the top of the panel, \"Als Ich Can\" (intended as \"as I/Eyck can\") was a common autograph for van Eyck, but here is unusually large and prominent. This fact, along with the man's unusually direct and confrontational gaze, have been taken as an indication that the work is a self-portrait. Probably his \"Portrait of Margaret van Eyck\" was a pendant, although her only known portrait is both dated 1439 and larger. It has been proposed that van Eyck created the portrait to store in his workshop so that he could use it display his abilities (and social status, given the fine clothes evident in the portrait) to potential clients. However, his reputation was such in 1433 that he was already highly sought after for commissioned work. The panel has been in the National Gallery, London, since 1851, having been in England since Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel acquired it, probably during his exile in Antwerp from 1642\u201344. The original frame survives (the vertical sides are in fact a single piece of wood with the central panel), and has the painted inscription (\"Jan van Eyck Made Me on October 21, 1433\") at the bottom and at the top the motto (\"I Do as I Can\"), which appears on other van Eyck paintings, always written in Greek letters, and includes a pun on his name. As on other van Eyck frames, the letters are painted to appear carved. Autographing and dating panel paintings in the early 15th century was unusual."], "answer": {"text": "the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin,", "answer_start": 501}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Jan van Eyck mature?", "answer": {"text": "The years between 1434 and 1436 are generally considered his high point", "answer_start": 396, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27ccfee3b2b5458caa442cf05d9fbd49_0_q#2", "question": "what was special about it?", "rewrite": "what was special about the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The figure on the right wears a similar red chaperon to the probable van Eyck self-portrait in the National Gallery, London. Near to them are two magpies and two peacocks, the latter are symbols both of immortality and of pride, to which even a powerful man as Rolin might succumb. However Mart\u00ed Dom\u00ednguez states- \"Peacocks were the symbol of Jesus Christ and magpies were regarded as evil. Artists like to oppose the symbolic birds, the dichotomy between good and evil: Van Eyck, in the panel of the Chancellor Rolin, will also use the peacock and the magpie\". The interior has complex light sources, typical of van Eyck, with light coming both from the central portico and the side windows. The chancellor, whose strong character is well rendered by the artist, is wearing a fur-lined, elegant garment; the Virgin, the same size as Rolin (rather a novelty in comparison to the Gothic painting tradition), is instead covered by a red mantle. The Infant Jesus holds a cross in his left hand. The perfectionist rendering of details and textures, such as the capitals, the checquered pavement, the goldwork of the angel's crown or the garments is characteristic of Jan van Eyck's work, of which this is one of the finest examples. As in other van Eycks, the depiction of the space is not as straightforward as it first appears. Comparison of the floor-tiles with other elements shows that the figures are only about six feet from the columned loggia screen, and that Rolin might have to squeeze himself through the opening to get out that way. Many van Eycks show an interior space that is actually very small, but the depiction is subtly managed to retain a sense of intimacy, but without feeling constricted.", "Ch\u00e2teau d'Oricourt The Ch\u00e2teau d'Oricourt is a castle in the \"commune\" of Oricourt in the \"d\u00e9partement\" of Haute-Sa\u00f4ne, in the Franche-Comt\u00e9 region of France. The original castle on the site was a feudal motte built in wood. The present castle was built during the 12th century on the edge of a plateau, facing the Lure plain, the Ch\u00e2teau d'Oricourt is a double-walled castle. The outer wall enclosed the farm and the inner wall the residential courtyard. In the latter are a collection of buildings from the 12th and 15th centuries, including the well, a cistern, bakery, cellars and a grand dining room. Two square towers, 25m (~81 ft) high, dominate the curtain walls and deep ditches. Outside, on the village side, an imposing pigeon loft has been built. The original owners, the Gaucher family, added \"d'Oricourt\" to their name. Gaucher d\u2019Oricourt was constable to the count of Burgundy was the lord of Oricourt around 1170. Around 1250, the Vaire family occupied the castle. In 1435, during the Renaissance period, the castle came into the ownership of Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, who was immortalised by Van Eyck in the painting \"The Virgin with Chancellor Rolin\" (Paris, Louvre). His son, Guillaume Rolin, took possession in 1462; it was probably Guillaume who had the tasteful residence built against the north curtain. One of the windows is decorated with a mask of Nicolas Rolin. On Guillaume's death, the castle passed to his nephew, Antoine d\u2019Oiselay. The barons of Oiselay kept Oricourt until the middle of the 17th century, but did not live there.", "Madonna of Chancellor Rolin The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, dating from around 1435. It is kept in the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, and was commissioned by Nicolas Rolin, aged 60, chancellor of the Duchy of Burgundy, whose votive portrait takes up the left side of the picture, for his parish church, \"Notre-Dame-du-Chastel\" in Autun, where it remained until the church burnt down in 1793. After a period in Autun Cathedral, it was moved to the Louvre in 1805. The scene depicts the Virgin Mary crowned by a hovering Angel while she presents the Infants Jesus to Rolin. It is set within a spacious loggia with a rich decoration of columns and bas-reliefs. In the background is a landscape with a city on a river, probably intended to be Autun in Burgundy, Rolin's hometown. A wide range of well detailed palaces, churches, an island, a towered bridge, hills and fields is portrayed, subject to a uniform light. Perhaps some of the Chancellor's many landholdings around Autun are included in the vista. A haze covers a mountain range in the far distance. As in many Early Netherlandish paintings, the steepness of the hills and mountains is shown as much greater than that found locally, for dramatic effect. The small garden with many flowers identifiable (including lilies, irises, paeonies and roses), visible just outside the columns, symbolizes Mary's virtues. Beyond, two male figures wearing chaperons are looking through the crenellations of what looks to be a fortified balcony or bridge. There has been speculation that they may represent van Eyck and an assistant, after the pattern of his Arnolfini Portrait.", "The exterior panels are drab, according to Blum, who writes that on Rolin's panel the most colourful figure is the red angel, which, with its gold helmet and keys, \"emerges like an apparition\". Rolin and de Salins can be identified by the coats-of-arms held by the angels; husband and wife kneel at cloth-covered \"prie-dieux\" (portable altars) displaying their emblems. Although De Salins was reputedly pious and charitable, and even perhaps the impetus for the building of the hospice, she is placed on the exterior right, traditionally thought of as an inferior position corresponding to Hell, linking her to Eve, original sin and the Fall of man. Van Eyck had earlier portrayed Rolin in the c. 1435 \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\", and the patron is recognizable from that work; both portraits show similar lips, a large chin and somewhat pointed ears. In van Eyck's portrait, Rolin is presented as perhaps pompous and arrogant; here \u2013 ten years later \u2013 he appears more thoughtful and concerned with humility. Campbell notes wryly that van der Weyden may have been able to disguise the sitter's ugliness and age, and that the unusual shape of his mouth may have been downplayed. He writes that while \"van Eyck impassively recorded, van der Weyden imposed a stylised and highly personal vision of the subject\". Van Eyck's depiction was most likely the more accurate; van der Weyden embellished, mainly by lengthening the nose, enlarging the eyes and raising the eyebrows. The panels contain quotations in Latin from several biblical texts.", "The setting probably represents at the same time an imaginary building in Autun, and the \"Heavenly city of Jerusalem\"; two personages from two worlds are shown, and their surrounding combines the world of each. The painting might be connected with the appointment in 1436 of Rolin's son Jean as Bishop of Autun; there is a magnificent cathedral on the Virgin's side of the river. Also, just above Rolin's hands there is a smaller church, perhaps intended to represent a new church dedicated to the Virgin, or his own parish church, \"Notre-Dame-du-Chastel\" which he greatly enriched. There appears to be a series of illustrations of the Seven deadly sins distributed among the details of the painting. The reliefs just over Rolin's head show (from left) \"the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise\" (Pride), the \"Killing of Abel by Cain\" (Envy) and the \"Drunkenness of Noah\" (Gluttony). Then the lion-heads on the capitals behind Rolin may stand for Anger, and the tiny squashed rabbits between column and base in the loggia screen for Lust (which they were considered to exemplify in the Middle Ages). All these details are on Rolin's side of the painting; no equivalents are visible on the other, divine, side. However this leaves Avarice and Sloth unaccounted for, unless perhaps the human figures of Rolin himself (with his underdrawn purse), and the idlers out on the terrace (perhaps including, as stated above, van Eyck himself) represent the last two vices. New theories about \"The Virgin and Child with Chancellor Rolin\" and Jan van Eyck's journey to Spain"], "answer": {"text": "van Eyck was considered revolutionary within his lifetime;", "answer_start": 17}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Jan van Eyck mature?", "answer": {"text": "The years between 1434 and 1436 are generally considered his high point", "answer_start": 396, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was one of his successes?", "answer": {"text": "the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27ccfee3b2b5458caa442cf05d9fbd49_0_q#3", "question": "what was another success?", "rewrite": "what was another success of Jan van Eyck other than the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Madonna of Chancellor Rolin The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, dating from around 1435. It is kept in the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, and was commissioned by Nicolas Rolin, aged 60, chancellor of the Duchy of Burgundy, whose votive portrait takes up the left side of the picture, for his parish church, \"Notre-Dame-du-Chastel\" in Autun, where it remained until the church burnt down in 1793. After a period in Autun Cathedral, it was moved to the Louvre in 1805. The scene depicts the Virgin Mary crowned by a hovering Angel while she presents the Infants Jesus to Rolin. It is set within a spacious loggia with a rich decoration of columns and bas-reliefs. In the background is a landscape with a city on a river, probably intended to be Autun in Burgundy, Rolin's hometown. A wide range of well detailed palaces, churches, an island, a towered bridge, hills and fields is portrayed, subject to a uniform light. Perhaps some of the Chancellor's many landholdings around Autun are included in the vista. A haze covers a mountain range in the far distance. As in many Early Netherlandish paintings, the steepness of the hills and mountains is shown as much greater than that found locally, for dramatic effect. The small garden with many flowers identifiable (including lilies, irises, paeonies and roses), visible just outside the columns, symbolizes Mary's virtues. Beyond, two male figures wearing chaperons are looking through the crenellations of what looks to be a fortified balcony or bridge. There has been speculation that they may represent van Eyck and an assistant, after the pattern of his Arnolfini Portrait.", "Madonna of Jan Vos The Madonna of Jan Vos (also known as Virgin and Child, with Saints and Donor) is a small oil panel painting begun by the Early Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck c. 1441 and finished by his workshop after his death in 1442. As he died during its completion, it is generally considered to be his last work. The panel was commissioned by Jan Vos, who, in March 1441, took office near Bruges as prior of a Carthusian Monastery , the earliest date that he could have instructed van Eyck. Art historians generally agree that van Eyck is responsible for painting the central Madonna and Child, and conceiving the overall design, while the ancillary figures and details of the background were completed c 1443 by a member of his workshop who borrowed freely from earlier van Eyck paintings. It was acquired in 1954 by the Frick museum, New York. Mary stands in majesty, holding the child Christ and standing on an oriental carpet. Around her are Saint Barbara, standing before the tower in which she was prisoned, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary dressed in a nun's habit, and the donor Jan Vos (d. 1462), depicted as a Carthusian monk kneeling in prayer. A statue of the deity Mars can be seen through the window of Barbara's tower. Vos' pose and modeling closely resembles the donors in both van Eyck's portraits of Nicolas Rolin in the \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\" and Joris van der Paele in the \"Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele\" (the latter also contains a depiction of Saint Barbara).", "The figure on the right wears a similar red chaperon to the probable van Eyck self-portrait in the National Gallery, London. Near to them are two magpies and two peacocks, the latter are symbols both of immortality and of pride, to which even a powerful man as Rolin might succumb. However Mart\u00ed Dom\u00ednguez states- \"Peacocks were the symbol of Jesus Christ and magpies were regarded as evil. Artists like to oppose the symbolic birds, the dichotomy between good and evil: Van Eyck, in the panel of the Chancellor Rolin, will also use the peacock and the magpie\". The interior has complex light sources, typical of van Eyck, with light coming both from the central portico and the side windows. The chancellor, whose strong character is well rendered by the artist, is wearing a fur-lined, elegant garment; the Virgin, the same size as Rolin (rather a novelty in comparison to the Gothic painting tradition), is instead covered by a red mantle. The Infant Jesus holds a cross in his left hand. The perfectionist rendering of details and textures, such as the capitals, the checquered pavement, the goldwork of the angel's crown or the garments is characteristic of Jan van Eyck's work, of which this is one of the finest examples. As in other van Eycks, the depiction of the space is not as straightforward as it first appears. Comparison of the floor-tiles with other elements shows that the figures are only about six feet from the columned loggia screen, and that Rolin might have to squeeze himself through the opening to get out that way. Many van Eycks show an interior space that is actually very small, but the depiction is subtly managed to retain a sense of intimacy, but without feeling constricted.", "Madonna at the Fountain The Madonna at the Fountain is a 1439 oil on panel painting by the early Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck. It belongs to van Eyck's late work, and is his last signed and dated painting. It retains its original frame, which bears the inscription;   At 19 x 12 cm. the painting is only a little larger than a postcard. It is set in a \"hortus conclusus\", with the fountain representing the fountain of life. The Madonna is depicted dressed in blue, her figure framed by a richly embroidered cloth of honor supported by two angels. The Christ Child holds prayer beads in his left hand, suggesting, along with the rose bush behind the figures, the rosary. In the mid to late 15th century the rosary was becoming increasingly popular in northern Europe. This depiction is unusual in that the Madonna wears a blue robe; in the \"Dresden Triptych\", \"Lucca Madonna\", and the \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\", van Eyck had depicted her dressed in red. The use of red for the clothes of sacred figures was characteristic of 15th century Netherlandish painting, as cochineal was among the most expensive pigments available for dying textiles. In contrast to this, Italian painters used ultramarine for the robes of Madonnas. Thus van Eyck's choice of blue can be seen as evidence of Italian influence. With the \"Madonna in the Church\" in Berlin, this is generally thought to have been one of van Eyck's two paintings of the Madonna and Child from the final years before his death in about 1441. Both show a standing Virgin, in contrast to his earlier treatments of the subject, and the great majority of other painted Virgins.", "The exterior panels are drab, according to Blum, who writes that on Rolin's panel the most colourful figure is the red angel, which, with its gold helmet and keys, \"emerges like an apparition\". Rolin and de Salins can be identified by the coats-of-arms held by the angels; husband and wife kneel at cloth-covered \"prie-dieux\" (portable altars) displaying their emblems. Although De Salins was reputedly pious and charitable, and even perhaps the impetus for the building of the hospice, she is placed on the exterior right, traditionally thought of as an inferior position corresponding to Hell, linking her to Eve, original sin and the Fall of man. Van Eyck had earlier portrayed Rolin in the c. 1435 \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\", and the patron is recognizable from that work; both portraits show similar lips, a large chin and somewhat pointed ears. In van Eyck's portrait, Rolin is presented as perhaps pompous and arrogant; here \u2013 ten years later \u2013 he appears more thoughtful and concerned with humility. Campbell notes wryly that van der Weyden may have been able to disguise the sitter's ugliness and age, and that the unusual shape of his mouth may have been downplayed. He writes that while \"van Eyck impassively recorded, van der Weyden imposed a stylised and highly personal vision of the subject\". Van Eyck's depiction was most likely the more accurate; van der Weyden embellished, mainly by lengthening the nose, enlarging the eyes and raising the eyebrows. The panels contain quotations in Latin from several biblical texts."], "answer": {"text": "Lucca Madonna", "answer_start": 534}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Jan van Eyck mature?", "answer": {"text": "The years between 1434 and 1436 are generally considered his high point", "answer_start": 396, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was one of his successes?", "answer": {"text": "the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about it?", "answer": {"text": "van Eyck was considered revolutionary within his lifetime;", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_27ccfee3b2b5458caa442cf05d9fbd49_0_q#4", "question": "any other successes?", "rewrite": "Did Jan van Eyck have any other successes in addition to Lucca Madonna and the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Madonna at the Fountain The Madonna at the Fountain is a 1439 oil on panel painting by the early Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck. It belongs to van Eyck's late work, and is his last signed and dated painting. It retains its original frame, which bears the inscription;   At 19 x 12 cm. the painting is only a little larger than a postcard. It is set in a \"hortus conclusus\", with the fountain representing the fountain of life. The Madonna is depicted dressed in blue, her figure framed by a richly embroidered cloth of honor supported by two angels. The Christ Child holds prayer beads in his left hand, suggesting, along with the rose bush behind the figures, the rosary. In the mid to late 15th century the rosary was becoming increasingly popular in northern Europe. This depiction is unusual in that the Madonna wears a blue robe; in the \"Dresden Triptych\", \"Lucca Madonna\", and the \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\", van Eyck had depicted her dressed in red. The use of red for the clothes of sacred figures was characteristic of 15th century Netherlandish painting, as cochineal was among the most expensive pigments available for dying textiles. In contrast to this, Italian painters used ultramarine for the robes of Madonnas. Thus van Eyck's choice of blue can be seen as evidence of Italian influence. With the \"Madonna in the Church\" in Berlin, this is generally thought to have been one of van Eyck's two paintings of the Madonna and Child from the final years before his death in about 1441. Both show a standing Virgin, in contrast to his earlier treatments of the subject, and the great majority of other painted Virgins.", "Madonna of Chancellor Rolin The Madonna of Chancellor Rolin is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, dating from around 1435. It is kept in the Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, and was commissioned by Nicolas Rolin, aged 60, chancellor of the Duchy of Burgundy, whose votive portrait takes up the left side of the picture, for his parish church, \"Notre-Dame-du-Chastel\" in Autun, where it remained until the church burnt down in 1793. After a period in Autun Cathedral, it was moved to the Louvre in 1805. The scene depicts the Virgin Mary crowned by a hovering Angel while she presents the Infants Jesus to Rolin. It is set within a spacious loggia with a rich decoration of columns and bas-reliefs. In the background is a landscape with a city on a river, probably intended to be Autun in Burgundy, Rolin's hometown. A wide range of well detailed palaces, churches, an island, a towered bridge, hills and fields is portrayed, subject to a uniform light. Perhaps some of the Chancellor's many landholdings around Autun are included in the vista. A haze covers a mountain range in the far distance. As in many Early Netherlandish paintings, the steepness of the hills and mountains is shown as much greater than that found locally, for dramatic effect. The small garden with many flowers identifiable (including lilies, irises, paeonies and roses), visible just outside the columns, symbolizes Mary's virtues. Beyond, two male figures wearing chaperons are looking through the crenellations of what looks to be a fortified balcony or bridge. There has been speculation that they may represent van Eyck and an assistant, after the pattern of his Arnolfini Portrait.", "Madonna of Jan Vos The Madonna of Jan Vos (also known as Virgin and Child, with Saints and Donor) is a small oil panel painting begun by the Early Netherlandish artist Jan van Eyck c. 1441 and finished by his workshop after his death in 1442. As he died during its completion, it is generally considered to be his last work. The panel was commissioned by Jan Vos, who, in March 1441, took office near Bruges as prior of a Carthusian Monastery , the earliest date that he could have instructed van Eyck. Art historians generally agree that van Eyck is responsible for painting the central Madonna and Child, and conceiving the overall design, while the ancillary figures and details of the background were completed c 1443 by a member of his workshop who borrowed freely from earlier van Eyck paintings. It was acquired in 1954 by the Frick museum, New York. Mary stands in majesty, holding the child Christ and standing on an oriental carpet. Around her are Saint Barbara, standing before the tower in which she was prisoned, Saint Elizabeth of Hungary dressed in a nun's habit, and the donor Jan Vos (d. 1462), depicted as a Carthusian monk kneeling in prayer. A statue of the deity Mars can be seen through the window of Barbara's tower. Vos' pose and modeling closely resembles the donors in both van Eyck's portraits of Nicolas Rolin in the \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\" and Joris van der Paele in the \"Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele\" (the latter also contains a depiction of Saint Barbara).", "He depicts overly large Madonnas, whose unrealistic size shows the separation between the heavenly from earthly, but placed them in everyday settings such as churches, domestic chambers or seated with court officials. Yet the earthly churches are heavily decorated with heavenly symbols. A heavenly throne is clearly represented in some domestic chambers (for example in the \"Lucca Madonna\"). More difficult to discern are the settings for paintings such as \"Madonna of Chancellor Rolin\", where the location is a fusion of the earthly and celestial. Van Eyck's iconography is often so densely and intricately layered that a work has to be viewed multiple times before even the most obvious meaning of an element is apparent. The symbols were often subtly woven into the paintings so that they only became apparent after close and repeated viewing, while much of the iconography reflects the idea that, according to John Ward, there is a \"promised passage from sin and death to salvation and rebirth\". Other artists employed symbolism in a more prosaic manner, despite van Eyck's great influence on both his contemporaries and later artists. Campin showed a clear separation between spiritual and earthly realms; unlike van Eyck, he did not employ a programme of concealed symbolism. Campin's symbols do not alter the sense of the real; in his paintings a domestic scene is no more complicated than a one showing religious iconography, but one the viewer would recognise and understand. Van der Weyden's symbolism was far more nuanced than Campin's but not as dense as van Eyck's. According to Harbison, van der Weyden incorporated his symbols so carefully, and in such an exquisite manner, that \"Neither the mystical union that results in his work, nor his reality itself for that matter, seems capable of being rationally analyzed, explained or reconstructed.\"", "Lucca Madonna The Lucca Madonna is an oil painting by the Early Netherlandish master Jan van Eyck, painted in approximately 1437. It shows Mary seated on a wooden throne and crowned by a canopy, breastfeeding the infant Christ. Its carpentry suggests it was once the inner panel of a triptych, while its small size indicates it was meant for private devotion. The painting is in the collection of the St\u00e4del Museum, Frankfurt. It is known as \"Lucca Madonna\" as it belonged to the collection of Charles II, Duke of Parma and Lucca in the early 19th century. It is one of the latest works by Jan van Eyck. The Virgin has been identified as a portrait of the painters's wife, Margaretha, of whom van Eyck also made a secular portrait. The Virgin sits on a wooden throne crowned by a canopy, with four small lion statues made of brass. This is a reference to the throne of Solomon which had twelve lions on the sides and steps. The iconography mixes the earlier style of the \"Nursing Madonna\" with the \"Throne of Wisdom\". As the Speculum Humanae Salvationis put it: \"the throne of the true Solomon is the most Blessed Virgin Mary, In which sat Jesus Christ, the true wisdom.\" As in many paintings by van Eyck and his contemporaries, this comparison is further elaborated by specifically depicting Mary similar to an altar, in that she supports the infant Christ on her lap, shown oversized and flattened, just as the altar supports the presence of Christ in the host at Mass. The white cloth beneath him, over the richer coloured cloth of Mary's dress, and the niche to the right which resembles a piscina where water for the priest to wash his hands was kept, all contribute to the comparison."], "answer": {"text": "Virgin and Child with Canon van der Paele.", "answer_start": 552}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Jan van Eyck mature?", "answer": {"text": "The years between 1434 and 1436 are generally considered his high point", "answer_start": 396, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was one of his successes?", "answer": {"text": "the Madonna of Chancellor Rolin,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was special about it?", "answer": {"text": "van Eyck was considered revolutionary within his lifetime;", "answer_start": 17, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was another success?", "answer": {"text": "Lucca Madonna", "answer_start": 534, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#0", "question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "rewrite": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\"Pop culture\" is also defined as the culture that is \"left over\" when we have decided what high culture is. However, many works straddle the boundaries, e.g., William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens. A third definition equates pop culture with \"mass culture\" and ideas. This is seen as a commercial culture, mass-produced for mass consumption by mass media. From a Western European perspective, this may be compared to American culture. Alternatively, \"pop culture\" can be defined as an \"authentic\" culture of the people, but this can be problematic as there are many ways of defining the \"people.\" Storey argued that there is a political dimension to popular culture; neo-Gramscian hegemony theory \"... sees popular culture as a site of struggle between the 'resistance' of subordinate groups in society and the forces of 'incorporation' operating in the interests of dominant groups in society.\" A postmodernist approach to popular culture would \"no longer recognize the distinction between high and popular culture.\" Storey claims that popular culture emerged from the urbanization of the Industrial Revolution. Studies of Shakespeare (by Weimann, Barber, or Bristol, for example) locate much of the characteristic vitality of his drama in its participation in Renaissance popular culture, while contemporary practitioners like Dario Fo and John McGrath use popular culture in its Gramscian sense that includes ancient folk traditions (the commedia dell'arte for example). Popular culture is constantly evolving and occurs uniquely in place and time. It forms currents and eddies, and represents a complex of mutually interdependent perspectives and values that influence society and its institutions in various ways. For example, certain currents of pop culture may originate from, (or diverge into) a subculture, representing perspectives with which the mainstream popular culture has only limited familiarity.", "Bowling Green State University Department of Popular Culture Bowling Green State University Department of Popular Culture is the first Popular Culture department in the United States. The department was founded by Professor Ray Browne in 1973. The Popular Culture department is unique as it is the only one in the US to offer both Bachelor's degrees and Master's degrees in Popular Culture. The Department of Popular Culture at Bowling Green State University has been a leader in the scholarly movement to investigate popular culture since its inception in 1973. Dr. Ray Browne's early efforts in the Department of English led in 1973 to the establishment of the Department of Popular Culture as an M.A. program, followed with the establishment of the undergraduate major a year later. Previously, in 1967, Dr. Browne had founded the \"Journal of Popular Culture\"; and in 1969 he founded the scholarly association for the study of popular culture, the Popular Culture Association, which is now headquartered at Michigan State University. Through these innovative curricular and programmatic developments and the research and other professional activities of the faculty, the department has established an international reputation as the leader in the study of popular culture. On July 21, 2012, Bowling Green State University announced their plans to demolish the Popular Culture building that housed the department. The Popular Culture building was home to four former presidents of the university before the Popular Culture department moved in. The building was purchased by the university in 1932, and was formerly called Virgil House. Over 2000 supporters protested the demolition plans of the Popular Culture building. However the protests were unsuccessful and the university continued with plans to demolish the building. The building was demolished on August 10, 2012, one week ahead of time. The demolished Popular Culture house was replaced by a student health center. The Popular Culture department moved into Shatzel Hall, alongside the Asian Studies department.", "His wife Pat soon became the manager of the press and was the driving force through its growth as the premier publishing outlet for academic books on popular culture until her retirement in 2002. At that point the Popular Press was acquired by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1969, Browne founded and began to develop the Popular Culture Library at B.G.S.U. This library now holds 190,000 catalogued books and many hundreds of thousands of additional materials (e.g., comic books, fanzines, photos, games, postcards, posters). It is one of the most important collections of popular culture artifacts in the world. The library is now named the Ray and Pat Browne Popular Culture Library. In 1970, Browne founded the Popular Culture Association as an organization to promote the study of popular culture. In 1979, he founded the American Culture Association to promote specifically the study of American culture, and the same year was founding editor of the Journal of American Culture. In 1971, Browne organized the first national conference of the Popular Culture Association. This conference showcased the broad conceptual thinking and foundational ideas that would lead to the widespread teaching of popular culture at American and international universities. The conference grew quickly in size and participation, and for many years has featured the presentation of more than 2000 academic papers at each conference. The 2009 conference in New Orleans marked the 39th annual conference. In 1979, Browne helped organize the first national conference of the American Culture Association. This conference is held in conjunction with the Popular Culture Association Conference and marked its 30th anniversary with the 2009 conference.", "Browne had numerous colleagues with whom he worked in developing the academic study of popular culture, including Russel B. Nye of Michigan State University, Marshall Fishwick of Virginia Tech, Carl Bode of the University of Maryland, John Cawelti of the University of Chicago, Michael Marsden of Bowling Green State University (now Academic Vice President at St. Norbert College), Daniel Walden of Penn State University, and Peter Rollins of Oklahoma State University. Ray Browne's works through the years laid the conceptual foundations for the study of popular culture. Among his key foundational works are his essay \"Popular Culture: Notes Toward a Definition\", which first appeared in the book Popular Culture and Curricula (1972, edited by Ray Browne and Ronald Ambrosetti), and books such as \"Popular Culture and the Expanding Consciousness\" (1973), \"Challenges in American Culture\" (1970, with Larry Landrum and W.K. Bottorff), \"The Popular Culture Explosion\" (1972, with David Madden), \"Heroes of Popular Culture\" (1972, with Marshall Fishwick and Michael Marsden), \"Icons of Popular Culture\" (1970, with Marshall Fishwick), \"Icons of America\" (1978, with Marshall Fishwick), \"Rituals and Ceremonies in Popular Culture\" (1980), \"Objects of Special Devotion: Fetishism in Popular Culture\" (1982), \"Against Academia\" (Popular Press, 1989; a semi-autobiographical book), \"Dominant Symbols in Popular Culture\" (1990, with Marshall Fishwick and Kevin O. Browne),", "Items of popular culture most typically appeal to a broad spectrum of the public. Important contemporary contributions for understanding what popular culture means have been given by the German researcher Ronald Daus, who studies the impact of extra-European cultures in North America, Asia, and especially in Latin America. Adaptations based on traditional folklore provide a source of popular culture. This early layer of cultural mainstream still persists today, in a form separate from mass-produced popular culture, propagating by word of mouth rather than via mass media, e.g. in the form of jokes or urban legends. With the widespread use of the Internet from the 1990s, the distinction between mass media and word-of-mouth has become blurred. Although the folkloric element of popular culture engages heavily with the commercial element, the public has its own tastes and it may not always embrace every cultural or subcultural item sold. Moreover, beliefs and opinions about the products of commercial culture spread by word-of-mouth, and become modified in the process and in the same manner that folklore evolves. Many people say that popular culture is a tool that higher ranking people in a society and elites (who often control mass media and popular culture outlets) use to control the people below them in society. It's also said that popular culture dulls the minds of the \"common man\", making them more passive and easier to control, although popular culture can also be used as a means of rebellion against the ways and culture of dominant subcultures. Sources of popular culture include:  Films started massive popular culture. A television program is a segment of audiovisual content intended for broadcast (other than a commercial, trailer, or other content not serving as attraction for viewership). Television programs may be fictional (as in comedies and dramas), or non-fictional (as in documentary, news and reality television)."], "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#1", "question": "Was this a popular show?", "rewrite": "Was the television show Curb Your Enthusiasm popular?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Charles Johnson (Negro Leagues) Charles Johnson (August 7, 1909 \u2013 June 17, 2006) was a baseball player in the Negro league who later pushed major league baseball to offer pensions to former Negro league players. Johnson also filed an anti-discrimination suit against Illinois Central Railroad in the mid-1960s after he was turned down for a special agent position. Johnson won the suit and became the first African American special agent. Johnson was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. At 15 he and his mother moved to Chicago. His mother died shortly after the move, and Johnson\u2014who was an only child\u2014was left on his own. Johnson had a friend, legendary Negro league player Ted \"Double Duty\" Radcliffe, who helped him get into the league. Johnny Washington, a former Negro league player and friend of Johnson, said: \"Duty lived on the same block as Charlie and really took a liking to him.\" Johnson spent his time in the Negro league barnstorming the United States and Canada. He went on a barnstorming tour of Canada with the Texas Giants in 1930 and 1931. Johnson returned to Chicago and served as pitcher and outfielder for the Chicago American Giants. Johnson married in 1942 and, at his wife's insistence, quit baseball in 1944. Johnson worked at various jobs until he became a porter on the Illinois Central in 1951. Johnson died of complications from prostate cancer. He is buried in Chicago's Oak Woods Cemetery. Johnson was referenced in TV show Curb Your Enthusiasm's Season 9 Episode 2.", "Some of the supported programs include; the Mike Curb Family Welcome Center at Second Harvest, Curb Youth Symphony, Curb Young Musicians Competition, Curb Concerto Competition, the Curb Family Humane Center, the Curb Junior Achievement Center in Los Angeles and Nashville, the Curb Family Pediatric Center, the Nashville Boy Scout Conference Center, the Patriots Theatre at Fort Campbell, the Curb Family Education Oasis Center and the Stella Curb Teacher Development Classrooms. The Curb Foundation is very active in Education including the Curb Center at Vanderbilt (which has launched the Curb Creative Campus Program), the Curb College for Music Business at Belmont University, the Curb College of Arts, Media and Communication at Cal State University Northridge, the Curb Beaman Jubilee Singers Chair at Fisk University, the Curb College of Arts, Music and Sciences at Daytona State College, the Business and Law Chair and Facility at Claremont McKenna College, the Curb Learning Lab for Music and Entertainment at Baylor University, the Curb Keller Dormitories at Neve Yerushalayim in Jerusalem University and the Curb History Institute at Rhodes College. In conjunction with Curb's educational projects, Curb has purchased and restored Elvis Presley's first home in Memphis, TN, the Johnny Cash Museum in Nashville, TN, the Historic RCA Studio B, and Columbia's Historic Quonset Hut which was the first recording studio on Nashville's famed Music Row. These historic facilities are being used by students at the various Curb supported colleges and universities for the purpose of studying music history. In October 2008 the 6,000 seat Curb Event Center at Belmont University in Nashville, TN hosted the between Senators John McCain and Barack Obama. In the United Kingdom, Curb artists (apart from those sub-licensed to majors) are eligible for the UK 'independent' charts.", "In addition to Bernstein's own West Side Story Suite, the music from the musical has been adapted by The Buddy Rich Big Band, which arranged and recorded \"West Side Story Medley\" on the 1966 album Buddy Rich's Swingin' New Big Band. The Stan Kenton Orchestra recorded Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Recording by a Large Group. The 1996 album The Songs of West Side Story included covers by such diverse artists as Selena (\"A Boy Like That\"), Little Richard (\"I Feel Pretty\"), Trisha Yearwood (\"I Have a Love\") and Salt-n-Pepa, Def Jef, Lisa Lopes, the Jerky Boys, and Paul Rodriguez all collaborating on \"Gee, Officer Krupke\", as well as Chick Corea Elektric Band collaborating with Steve Vai's Monsters on \"Rumble\". The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School. In the third season of the series Glee, three episodes feature characters auditioning, rehearsing and performing a school production of West Side Story. Songs from the musical are performed in episode 2 \"I Am Unicorn\", episode 3 \"Asian F\" and episode 5 \"The First Time\" and also given digital releases. The Animaniacs episode \"West Side Pigeons\" features a parody romance and rivalry that mirrors that of the Jets and the Sharks.", "Curb Your Enthusiasm Curb Your Enthusiasm is an American comedy television series produced and broadcast by HBO that premiered on October 15, 2000. The series was created by Larry David starring as a fictionalized version of himself. The series follows Larry in his life as a semi-retired television writer and producer in Los Angeles and for one season, New York City. Also starring are Cheryl Hines as his wife Cheryl, Jeff Garlin as his manager and best friend Jeff, and Susie Essman as Jeff's wife, Susie. \" Curb Your Enthusiasm\" often features guest stars, and many of these appearances are by celebrities playing versions of themselves fictionalized to varying degrees. The plots and subplots of the episodes are established in an outline written by David, and the dialogue is largely improvised by the actors (a technique known as retroscripting). As with \"Seinfeld\", which David co-created, the subject matter in \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" often involves the minutiae of American daily social life, and plots often revolve around Larry David's many faux pas and his problems with certain social conventions and expectations, as well as his annoyance with other people's behavior. The character has a hard time letting such annoyances go unexpressed, which often leads him into awkward situations. He is also routinely the victim of elaborate misunderstandings wherein other characters believe that he has done something morally terrible or disgusting. The series was developed from a 1999 one-hour special, \"Larry David: Curb Your Enthusiasm\", which David and HBO originally envisioned as a one-time project. The special was shot as a mockumentary, where the characters were aware of the presence of cameras and a crew. The series itself is not a mock documentary but is shot in a somewhat similar, cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9-like style. \"", "\"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" is one of the most acclaimed television shows of the 2000s, praised particularly for its writing and the actors' improvisational comedy. The show has enjoyed largely positive critical reception since its debut and a steadily growing, dedicated audience that helped it emerge from its early \"cult\" status. On Metacritic, the first season of the show scored 80 out of 100 (based on 20 reviews), 93 for season 3 (based on 12 reviews), 88 for season 4 (18 reviews), 91 for season 5 (five reviews), 89 for season 6 (nine reviews), 81 for season 7 (18 reviews), 86 for season 8 (six reviews) and 74 for season 9 (10 reviews). \"Slate\" named the characters of Cheryl David and Susie Greene as two of the best on television and as reasons to look forward to the return of the show in the fall of 2007. \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" has also received praise from \"Galus Australis\" magazine for being even more unabashedly Jewish than the \"Seinfeld\" series. Of the show's depiction of Jewish characters, academic Vincent Brook stated, \"\"Curb\"s commitment to Jewish identification greatly enhances its storytelling capacity, as it lends greater realism and dimension to the characters and opens the show up to episodes with meaningful Jewish themes.\" The character of Larry on the show is in many ways reminiscent of the \"Schlemiel\" character often present in traditional Yiddish folklore. The \"schlemiel\" is usually a comic character whose actions lead to his inevitable downfall, but also stands as a form of resistance to social and cultural values and norms. David Gillota wrote:   In 2016, Rob Sheffield of \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" as the 19th greatest television series ever made."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#2", "question": "Can you tell me a little about the West Side Story?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me a little about the West Side Story that Curb Your Enthusiasm referenced?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["5/11/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company H.M.S. Pinafore Ralph Rackstraw <BR> 4/24/2001 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music Un Ballo in Maschera Silvano <BR> 4/22/2001 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music Un Ballo in Maschera Silvano <BR> 4/20/2001 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music Un Ballo in Maschera Silvano <BR> 2/18/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company West Side Story Tony <BR> 2/17/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company West Side Story Tony <BR> 2/16/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company West Side Story Tony <BR> 2/15/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company West Side Story Tony <BR> 2/11/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company West Side Story Tony <BR> 2/10/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company West Side Story Tony <BR> 2/9/2001 Norwood Theatre Fiddlehead Theatre Company West Side Story Tony <BR> 11/26/2000 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music The Gondoliers Luiz <BR> 11/25/2000 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music The Gondoliers Luiz <BR> 11/25/2000 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music The Gondoliers Luiz <BR> 11/24/2000 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music The Gondoliers Luiz <BR> 10/22/2000 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music Lady in the Dark Joe <BR> 10/21/2000 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music Lady in the Dark Joe <BR> 10/21/2000 Emerson Majestic Theatre Boston Academy of Music Lady in the Dark", "Kenton's West Side Story Kenton's West Side Story is an album by Stan Kenton that won the Grammy Award in 1962 for Best Jazz Performance \u2013 Large Group (Instrumental). The album was recorded in 1961 and released quickly to take advantage of the movie premiere of the musical \"West Side Story\". Kenton won his first Grammy Award. He won again the next year in the same category. \" Kenton's West Side Story\" peaked at No. 16 on the \"Billboard\" magazine album chart. The Kenton orchestra had been on a slow decline in sales and popularity in the late 1950s with having to compete with newer, popular music artists such as Elvis Presley, Bobby Darin and The Platters. The nadir of this decline was around 1958 and coincided with a recession that was effecting the entire country. There were far fewer big bands on the road and live music venues were hard to book for the Kenton orchestra. The band ended 1959 beaten up by poor attendance at concerts and having to rely far more on dance halls than real jazz concerts. The band reformed in 1960 with a new look and new sound, \"West Side Story\" was one of the first 'mellophonium' albums to be part of an upsurge in Kenton's popularity. Lee Gillette and the other Capitol executives were pushing Kenton towards more commercially viable recording projects in the early 1960s. Kenton made concessions to this though these were not his favorites records to make; one very happy outcome of these practical commercial choices was the \"West Side Story\" LP. Johnny Richards was chosen as the arranger for the project and was a logical choice seeing his success with \"Cuban Fire!\" and having helped design the mellophonium. Johnny Richards' music was \"substantial\"---\"steel and concrete,\" Kenton called it. \" Johnny was probably the best schooled, musically, of all of us put together.", "In addition to Bernstein's own West Side Story Suite, the music from the musical has been adapted by The Buddy Rich Big Band, which arranged and recorded \"West Side Story Medley\" on the 1966 album Buddy Rich's Swingin' New Big Band. The Stan Kenton Orchestra recorded Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Recording by a Large Group. The 1996 album The Songs of West Side Story included covers by such diverse artists as Selena (\"A Boy Like That\"), Little Richard (\"I Feel Pretty\"), Trisha Yearwood (\"I Have a Love\") and Salt-n-Pepa, Def Jef, Lisa Lopes, the Jerky Boys, and Paul Rodriguez all collaborating on \"Gee, Officer Krupke\", as well as Chick Corea Elektric Band collaborating with Steve Vai's Monsters on \"Rumble\". The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School. In the third season of the series Glee, three episodes feature characters auditioning, rehearsing and performing a school production of West Side Story. Songs from the musical are performed in episode 2 \"I Am Unicorn\", episode 3 \"Asian F\" and episode 5 \"The First Time\" and also given digital releases. The Animaniacs episode \"West Side Pigeons\" features a parody romance and rivalry that mirrors that of the Jets and the Sharks.", "Deaf Side Story Deaf Side Story is a musical based on \"West Side Story\", itself an adaptation of William Shakespeare's play \"Romeo and Juliet\". Takes place in New York City during the mid-1950s, the musical based on West Side Story explores the rivalry between the two gangs Jets and the Sharks, two teenage street gangs of different cultural backgrounds (Deaf and Hearing). The members of the Sharks from Puerto Rico are taunted by the Jets, a white working-class group. The young protagonist, Tony, one of the Jets, falls in love with Maria, the sister of Bernardo, the leader of the Sharks. The theme, music, and dances focus on culture problems. The well-known American musical \"West Side Story\" has been staged many times. However, a Deaf school in Jacksonville and MacMurray College in Illinois remade the musical into \"Deaf Side Story\". Diane Brewer, drama instructor was determined to put on a performance by having deaf students and hearing students perform the well-known musical West Side Story. The musical is a rivalry between Sharks and Jets, two teenage gangs of different ethnic backgrounds. Members of the Sharks gang are from Puerto Rico and the members of the Jets are white working class group. Just like the storyline of \"Romeo and Juliet\" by William Shakespeare\u2019s Maria, sister of Bernando leader of the Sharks, falls in love with Tony member of the Jets, which was not accepted by either gang. \" Deaf Side Story\" portrays similarities from West Side Story, however in this storyline two different cultures are shown, Deaf culture and the hearing world. Brewer went to the Illinois School for the Deaf to cast the Sharks. Hearing college performers at MacMurray auditioned to be the Jets.", "West Side Story (Cal Tjader album) West Side Story is an album featuring American vibraphonist Cal Tjader, consisting of musical numbers from Leonard Bernstein's \"West Side Story\" in jazz arrangements, by Tjader's pianist and musical director Clare Fischer, without vocals. It was recorded in October 1960 and released on the Fantasy label in January 1961 as Fantasy 3310 / 8054 (reissued on LP in 1968, in stereo only, as Fantasy 8379). On July 30, 2002, Fantasy would reissue it \u2013 along with the 1962 LP \"Cal Tjader Plays Harold Arlen\" \u2013 on CD as \"Cal Tjader Plays Harold Arlen and West Side Story\". Notwithstanding their respective billing, West Side Story devotes relatively little space to Tjader's \u2013 or any \u2013 improvisation, and thus remains notable, more as an early showcase for Fischer's arranging and orchestral prowess, and as the first recorded document of the pair's longstanding association. In January 1961, having approached this \"West Side Story\" adaptation with few expectations, \"High Fidelity\"'s reviewer was pleasantly surprised: \"Billboard\" concurred, citing Fischer's work in particular: A highly polished and feelingful musical interpretation of \"West Side Story\" is the latest LP by Cal Tjader. The music has been specially arranged by Clare Fischer and his work is particularly in tune with the original. Reviewing the album's first single, \"Maria,\" \"Billboard\" was even more effusive, especially regarding the writing: \"An intriguing arrangement... with strings and vibes featured. Delightful harmonies are introduced here.\""], "answer": {"text": "\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School.", "answer_start": 963}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a popular show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#3", "question": "Is there anything else important about the references in popular culture?", "rewrite": "Besides the parody on West Side Story, Is there anything else important about the references in popular culture?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Deaf Side Story Deaf Side Story is a musical based on \"West Side Story\", itself an adaptation of William Shakespeare's play \"Romeo and Juliet\". Takes place in New York City during the mid-1950s, the musical based on West Side Story explores the rivalry between the two gangs Jets and the Sharks, two teenage street gangs of different cultural backgrounds (Deaf and Hearing). The members of the Sharks from Puerto Rico are taunted by the Jets, a white working-class group. The young protagonist, Tony, one of the Jets, falls in love with Maria, the sister of Bernardo, the leader of the Sharks. The theme, music, and dances focus on culture problems. The well-known American musical \"West Side Story\" has been staged many times. However, a Deaf school in Jacksonville and MacMurray College in Illinois remade the musical into \"Deaf Side Story\". Diane Brewer, drama instructor was determined to put on a performance by having deaf students and hearing students perform the well-known musical West Side Story. The musical is a rivalry between Sharks and Jets, two teenage gangs of different ethnic backgrounds. Members of the Sharks gang are from Puerto Rico and the members of the Jets are white working class group. Just like the storyline of \"Romeo and Juliet\" by William Shakespeare\u2019s Maria, sister of Bernando leader of the Sharks, falls in love with Tony member of the Jets, which was not accepted by either gang. \" Deaf Side Story\" portrays similarities from West Side Story, however in this storyline two different cultures are shown, Deaf culture and the hearing world. Brewer went to the Illinois School for the Deaf to cast the Sharks. Hearing college performers at MacMurray auditioned to be the Jets.", "Tucker Smith Tucker Smith (born Thomas William Smith, April 24, 1936 \u2013 December 22, 1988) was an American actor/dancer/singer best known for his role as Ice in the movie musical \"West Side Story\". Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Tucker Smith was an American Theatre Wing scholarship winner and he first moved to New York City from his native Philadelphia in September 1955. Shortly afterward, he joined the national tour of \"Damn Yankees\". In 1958 he joined the cast of the original Broadway production of \"West Side Story\", as a replacement for the role of Big Deal, then going on to play the roles of Diesel and Snowboy. He understudied for the character of Riff and had played that role many times. The musical went on a national tour in the United States from June 14, 1959\u201a to April 23, 1960\u201a and Smith went along with it. Smith was one of the several cast members from the Broadway production that were chosen to appear in the movie version of \"West Side Story\". He was contracted to play Ice, a role newly created for the movie. In the film, Smith was the singer and central performer of the pivotal song \"Cool\u201a\" originally sung by the character of Riff in the Broadway musical. Besides performing \"Cool\u201a\" Smith would also dub some of Russ Tamblyn's singing in \"Jet Song.\" After the film, Smith continued his association with \"West Side Story\". He played Riff in both the 1962 Los Angeles and 1963 Sacramento productions of the musical, the latter with Sylvia Lewis in the role of Anita. He reprised the role again in 1964, when \"West Side Story\" went on tour in Tokyo, Japan. Right before \"West Side Story\"'s tour in Japan, Smith had performed at the 1964 New York World's Fair at the DuPont Pavilion in the musical \"The Wonderful World of Chemistry\".", "In addition to Bernstein's own West Side Story Suite, the music from the musical has been adapted by The Buddy Rich Big Band, which arranged and recorded \"West Side Story Medley\" on the 1966 album Buddy Rich's Swingin' New Big Band. The Stan Kenton Orchestra recorded Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Recording by a Large Group. The 1996 album The Songs of West Side Story included covers by such diverse artists as Selena (\"A Boy Like That\"), Little Richard (\"I Feel Pretty\"), Trisha Yearwood (\"I Have a Love\") and Salt-n-Pepa, Def Jef, Lisa Lopes, the Jerky Boys, and Paul Rodriguez all collaborating on \"Gee, Officer Krupke\", as well as Chick Corea Elektric Band collaborating with Steve Vai's Monsters on \"Rumble\". The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School. In the third season of the series Glee, three episodes feature characters auditioning, rehearsing and performing a school production of West Side Story. Songs from the musical are performed in episode 2 \"I Am Unicorn\", episode 3 \"Asian F\" and episode 5 \"The First Time\" and also given digital releases. The Animaniacs episode \"West Side Pigeons\" features a parody romance and rivalry that mirrors that of the Jets and the Sharks.", "In the Tom and Jerry Tales episode \"The League of Cats\", Tom's and Jerry's respective leagues act very similar to the Jets and the Sharks. They also perform a number similar to the \"Jet Song\". In film, Pixar animator Aaron Hartline used the first meeting between Tony and Maria as inspiration for the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3. In the 2013 movie Teen Beach Movie, two teens are trapped inside a movie called Wet Side Story, in which a group of surfers and a group of bikers are competing in a turf war. Bring It On: In It to Win It has a plot that parallels West Side Story, and makes the reference explicit to the point where the two rival cheerleading squads are named the Jets and the Sharks. The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, concerns a love story between a Jew and a Palestinian and parodies several aspects of West Side Story. In 1963, Mad Magazine published \"East Side Story\" set at the United Nations building on the East Side of Manhattan, a parody of the Cold War, with the two rival gangs led by John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev, by writer Frank Jacobs and illustrator Mort Drucker. From 1973 to 2004, Wild Side Story, a camp parody musical, based loosely on West Side Story and adapting parts of the musical's music and lyrics, was performed a total of more than 500 times in Miami Beach, Florida, Stockholm, Gran Canaria and Los Angeles. The show lampoons the musical's tragic love story, and also lip-synching and drag shows.", "West Side Story (Cal Tjader album) West Side Story is an album featuring American vibraphonist Cal Tjader, consisting of musical numbers from Leonard Bernstein's \"West Side Story\" in jazz arrangements, by Tjader's pianist and musical director Clare Fischer, without vocals. It was recorded in October 1960 and released on the Fantasy label in January 1961 as Fantasy 3310 / 8054 (reissued on LP in 1968, in stereo only, as Fantasy 8379). On July 30, 2002, Fantasy would reissue it \u2013 along with the 1962 LP \"Cal Tjader Plays Harold Arlen\" \u2013 on CD as \"Cal Tjader Plays Harold Arlen and West Side Story\". Notwithstanding their respective billing, West Side Story devotes relatively little space to Tjader's \u2013 or any \u2013 improvisation, and thus remains notable, more as an early showcase for Fischer's arranging and orchestral prowess, and as the first recorded document of the pair's longstanding association. In January 1961, having approached this \"West Side Story\" adaptation with few expectations, \"High Fidelity\"'s reviewer was pleasantly surprised: \"Billboard\" concurred, citing Fischer's work in particular: A highly polished and feelingful musical interpretation of \"West Side Story\" is the latest LP by Cal Tjader. The music has been specially arranged by Clare Fischer and his work is particularly in tune with the original. Reviewing the album's first single, \"Maria,\" \"Billboard\" was even more effusive, especially regarding the writing: \"An intriguing arrangement... with strings and vibes featured. Delightful harmonies are introduced here.\""], "answer": {"text": "In film, Pixar animator Aaron Hartline used the first meeting between Tony and Maria as inspiration for the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3.", "answer_start": 193}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a popular show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the West Side Story?", "answer": {"text": "\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#4", "question": "Did that become popular as well?", "rewrite": "Did the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3 become popular as well?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pixar has also developed two 22-minute \"Toy Story\" television specials. The first, a Halloween-themed special, titled \"Toy Story of Terror!\", aired on October 16, 2013, on ABC, while the second, a Christmas-themed special titled \"Toy Story That Time Forgot\", aired on December 2, 2014. In 2011, Pixar started releasing short animated films to supplement the \"Toy Story\" films, called \"Toy Story Toons\". The shorts pick up where \"Toy Story 3\" has left off, with Woody, Buzz, and Andy's other toys finding a new home at Bonnie's. So far, three shorts have been released; \"Hawaiian Vacation\", \"Small Fry\", and \"Partysaurus Rex\". Another short, titled \"Mythic Rock\", was in development in 2013 but was never released. Toy Story Toons: Hawaiian Vacation is a 2011 Pixar animated short directed by Gary Rydstrom. The short features characters from the \"Toy Story\" series and takes place after the events of \"Toy Story 3\". It was released in theaters before Pixar's feature film \"Cars 2\". In the short film, Ken and Barbie want to go to Hawaii with Bonnie's family, who had prior plans to vacation in Hawaii, but get left behind by mistakenly climbing into Bonnie's school bookbag instead of her luggage. Once in Bonnie's bedroom, Woody, Buzz and the other toys from the previous film attempt to console them by creating their own \"Hawaiian vacation\" for Barbie and Ken in Bonnie's bedroom. Toy Story Toons: Small Fry, another \"Toy Story\" short, premiered before \"The Muppets\".", "You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and \"Toy Story 4\" (2019) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole \"Toy Story\" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's \"Pocahontas\". Like many other Disney theme songs, \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" has been covered numerous times. Cover versions featured in the first three \"Toy Story\" films include a duet with Newman and Lyle Lovett in \"Toy Story; \" a diegetic instance by Tom Hanks, a version by Robert Goulet and an instrumental by Tom Scott in \"Toy Story 2\", and a Spanish language version by the Gipsy Kings in \"Toy Story 3\". The song is played during the opening credits for \"Toy Story,\" \"Toy Story 3\", and \"Toy Story 4\", establishing the importance of Woody and Andy in the first film and the importance of all his toys in the third and fourth. \" Toy Story 3\" also uses it for irony and dramatic effect, as the opening credits harken back to the first film and the song abruptly fades out with \"As the years go by, Our friendship will never die\", before showing that Andy's remaining toys in the present day are boxed up and unused. When they were unused, Andy was 17 years old.", "In \"USA Today\", Claudia Puig gave the film a complete 4-star rating, writing \"This installment, the best of the three, is everything a movie should be: hilarious, touching, exciting, and clever.\" Lou Lumenick of the \"New York Post\" wrote \"\"Toy Story 3\" (which is pointlessly being shown in 3-D at most locations) may not be a masterpiece, but it still had me in tears at the end.\" Michael Phillips of the \"Chicago Tribune\" gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, writing that \"Compared with the riches of all kinds in recent Pixar masterworks such as \"Ratatouille\", \"WALL-E\", and \"Up\", \"Toy Story 3\" looks and plays like an exceptionally slick and confident product, as opposed to a magical blend of commerce and popular art.\" Roger Moore of the \"Orlando Sentinel\", who gave the film 3\u00bd out of 4 stars, wrote \"Dazzling, scary, and sentimental, \"Toy Story 3\" is a dark and emotional conclusion to the film series that made Pixar famous.\" On January 25, 2011, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that \"Toy Story 3\" was not only nominated for Best Animated Feature, but also for Best Picture. This makes \"Toy Story 3\" not only the first animated sequel in history to be nominated for Best Picture, but also just the third animated film to ever be so nominated (following \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Up\"), with \"Toy Story 3\" becoming the second Pixar film to be nominated for both awards. \"", "The first full-length trailer was attached as an exclusive sneak peek and a first footage to the \"Toy Story\" double feature on October 12, 2009. A second teaser was released on February 10, 2010, followed by a second full-length trailer on February 11, and appeared in 3D showings of \"Alice in Wonderland\" and \"How to Train Your Dragon\". On March 23, 2010, \"Toy Story\" and \"Toy Story 2\" were released separately on Blu-ray/DVD combo packs; \"Toy Story\" included a small feature of \"The Story of \"Toy Story 3\"\" and \"Toy Story 2\" included one on the \"Characters of \"Toy Story 3\".\" Mattel, Thinkway Toys, and Lego are among companies that produced toys to promote the film. Fisher Price, a Mattel Company, released \"Toy Story 3\" with 21 3D images for viewing with the View-Master viewer. Disney Interactive Studios also produced a video game based on the film \"\", which was released for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS, and PSP on June 15, 2010. A PlayStation 2 version was released on October 30, 2010 as part of a PS2 bundle and separately on November 2, 2010 (the same day \"Toy Story 3\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray). It was also the last Disney/Pixar game to be released for PlayStation 2. \"Toy Story 3\" was featured in Apple's iPhone OS 4 Event on April 8, 2010, with Steve Jobs demonstrating a \"Toy Story 3\"-themed iAd written in HTML5. Pixar designed a commercial for the toy Lots-O'-Huggin' Bear and formatted it to appear as if it came from an old VCR recording.", "In the Tom and Jerry Tales episode \"The League of Cats\", Tom's and Jerry's respective leagues act very similar to the Jets and the Sharks. They also perform a number similar to the \"Jet Song\". In film, Pixar animator Aaron Hartline used the first meeting between Tony and Maria as inspiration for the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3. In the 2013 movie Teen Beach Movie, two teens are trapped inside a movie called Wet Side Story, in which a group of surfers and a group of bikers are competing in a turf war. Bring It On: In It to Win It has a plot that parallels West Side Story, and makes the reference explicit to the point where the two rival cheerleading squads are named the Jets and the Sharks. The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, concerns a love story between a Jew and a Palestinian and parodies several aspects of West Side Story. In 1963, Mad Magazine published \"East Side Story\" set at the United Nations building on the East Side of Manhattan, a parody of the Cold War, with the two rival gangs led by John F. Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev, by writer Frank Jacobs and illustrator Mort Drucker. From 1973 to 2004, Wild Side Story, a camp parody musical, based loosely on West Side Story and adapting parts of the musical's music and lyrics, was performed a total of more than 500 times in Miami Beach, Florida, Stockholm, Gran Canaria and Los Angeles. The show lampoons the musical's tragic love story, and also lip-synching and drag shows."], "answer": {"text": "The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film,", "answer_start": 714}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a popular show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the West Side Story?", "answer": {"text": "\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else important about the references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "In film, Pixar animator Aaron Hartline used the first meeting between Tony and Maria as inspiration for the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3.", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#5", "question": "Did the musical win any more awards?", "rewrite": "Besides the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, did the musical Toy Story 3 win any more awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The first full-length trailer was attached as an exclusive sneak peek and a first footage to the \"Toy Story\" double feature on October 12, 2009. A second teaser was released on February 10, 2010, followed by a second full-length trailer on February 11, and appeared in 3D showings of \"Alice in Wonderland\" and \"How to Train Your Dragon\". On March 23, 2010, \"Toy Story\" and \"Toy Story 2\" were released separately on Blu-ray/DVD combo packs; \"Toy Story\" included a small feature of \"The Story of \"Toy Story 3\"\" and \"Toy Story 2\" included one on the \"Characters of \"Toy Story 3\".\" Mattel, Thinkway Toys, and Lego are among companies that produced toys to promote the film. Fisher Price, a Mattel Company, released \"Toy Story 3\" with 21 3D images for viewing with the View-Master viewer. Disney Interactive Studios also produced a video game based on the film \"\", which was released for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360, Wii, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS, and PSP on June 15, 2010. A PlayStation 2 version was released on October 30, 2010 as part of a PS2 bundle and separately on November 2, 2010 (the same day \"Toy Story 3\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray). It was also the last Disney/Pixar game to be released for PlayStation 2. \"Toy Story 3\" was featured in Apple's iPhone OS 4 Event on April 8, 2010, with Steve Jobs demonstrating a \"Toy Story 3\"-themed iAd written in HTML5. Pixar designed a commercial for the toy Lots-O'-Huggin' Bear and formatted it to appear as if it came from an old VCR recording.", "You've Got a Friend in Me \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" is a song by Randy Newman. Used as the theme song for the 1995 Disney/Pixar animated film \"Toy Story\", it has since become a major musical component for its sequels, \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and \"Toy Story 4\" (2019) as well as a musical leitmotif throughout the whole \"Toy Story\" franchise. The song was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Original Song and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, but lost both to \"Colors of the Wind\" from Disney's \"Pocahontas\". Like many other Disney theme songs, \"You've Got a Friend in Me\" has been covered numerous times. Cover versions featured in the first three \"Toy Story\" films include a duet with Newman and Lyle Lovett in \"Toy Story; \" a diegetic instance by Tom Hanks, a version by Robert Goulet and an instrumental by Tom Scott in \"Toy Story 2\", and a Spanish language version by the Gipsy Kings in \"Toy Story 3\". The song is played during the opening credits for \"Toy Story,\" \"Toy Story 3\", and \"Toy Story 4\", establishing the importance of Woody and Andy in the first film and the importance of all his toys in the third and fourth. \" Toy Story 3\" also uses it for irony and dramatic effect, as the opening credits harken back to the first film and the song abruptly fades out with \"As the years go by, Our friendship will never die\", before showing that Andy's remaining toys in the present day are boxed up and unused. When they were unused, Andy was 17 years old.", "Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film Live Action Short Film is a category at the Academy Awards, existing under various names as a single category since 1957. From 1936 until 1956 there were two separate awards, \"Best Short Subject, One-reel\" and \"Best Short Subject, Two-reel\", referring to the running time of the short: a standard reel of film is 1000 feet, or about 11 minutes of run time. A third category \"Best Short Subject, color\" was used only for 1936 and 1937. From the initiation of short subject awards for 1932 until 1935 the terms were \"Best Short Subject, comedy\" and \"Best Short Subject, novelty\". These categories were merged starting with the 1957 awards, under the name \"Short Subjects, Live Action Subjects\", which was used until 1970. For the next three years after that, it was known as \"Short Subjects, Live Action Films\". The current name for the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film was introduced in 1974. For this Academy Award category, the following superlatives emerge:", "John Lasseter, the director of the film, also received a Special Achievement Award for \"the development and inspired application of techniques that have made possible the first feature-length computer-animated film.\" \"Toy Story\" was also the first animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. At the 53rd Golden Globe Awards, \"Toy Story\" earned two Golden Globe nominations \u2013 Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and Best Original Song. It was also nominated for Best Special Visual Effects at the 50th British Academy Film Awards. \"Toy Story 2\" won a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture \u2013 Musical or Comedy and earned a single Academy Award nomination for the song \" When She Loved Me,\" performed by Sarah McLachlan. The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was introduced in 2001 after the first two \"Toy Story\" installments. \"Toy Story 3\" won two Academy Awards \u2013 Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song. It earned three other nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Sound Editing. It was the third animated film in history to be nominated for Best Picture, after \"Beauty and the Beast\" and \"Up\". \" Toy Story 3\" also won the Golden Globe for Best Animated Feature Film and the award for Best Animated Film at the British Academy Film Awards. Buzz Lightyear of Star Command is a spin-off TV series. The series takes place in the far future. It features Buzz Lightyear (voiced by Patrick Warburton), a famous, experienced Space Ranger who takes a crew of rookies under his wing as he investigates criminal activity across the galaxy and attempts to bring down Evil Emperor Zurg once and for all. It aired on ABC from October 2, 2000 to January 13, 2001. Buzz Lightyear of Star Command:", "Ryan Silbert Ryan Silbert is an American filmmaker, writer, and producer, as well as the founder of Origin Story Entertainment, a multi-platform entertainment company with a global focus on storytelling. He is the producer of multiple award-winning films, including 2010 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film winner \"God of Love\" and 2012 Canadian Screen Award for Best Live Action Short Drama winner \"Doubles with Slight Pepper\". Silbert was born in Manhattan, New York and moved to Port Washington, New York at age seven. He graduated from Cornell University before enrolling in the New York University Tisch School of the Arts graduate program in film. Beginning his career as a producer in 2005, Silbert's credits include a number of acclaimed films and short films, including \"Holy Rollers\" starring Jesse Eisenberg, \"Some Velvet Morning\" starring Stanley Tucci and Alice Eve, and \"A Birder's Guide to Everything\" starring Ben Kingsley and co-written by Luke Matheny. Silbert also produced Matheny's \"God of Love\", which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. Silbert is the co-creator of one of the final projects developed by comic book legend Stan Lee, an immersive audiobook titled \"Stan Lee's Alliances: A Trick of Light\" starring Yara Shahidi. Silbert is a voting member of the Producers Guild of America, National Board of Review, and Academy of Canadian Cinema & Television; as well as an associate member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and on the regional selection committee for the Student Academy Awards. He serves on the Cornell Communication Advisory Board and Cornell University Council and was previously a creative director at public relations firm Bratskeir & Company, where he led campaigns for Hasbro, Jim Beam, and L\u2019Oreal."], "answer": {"text": "Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award", "answer_start": 268}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a popular show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the West Side Story?", "answer": {"text": "\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else important about the references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "In film, Pixar animator Aaron Hartline used the first meeting between Tony and Maria as inspiration for the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3.", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did that become popular as well?", "answer": {"text": "The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film,", "answer_start": 714, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#6", "question": "Were there any other rewards as well?", "rewrite": "Besides the 1962 Grammy Award, did Johnny Richard's 1961 Kenton's West Side Story album win any other rewards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["West Side Story (soundtrack) West Side Story is the soundtrack to the 1961 film \"West Side Story\". Released in 1961, the soundtrack spent 54 weeks at No. 1 on \"Billboard\"s album charts, giving it the longest run at No. 1 of any album in history, although some lists instead credit Michael Jackson's \"Thriller\", on the grounds that \"West Side Story\" was listed on a chart for stereo albums only at a time when many albums were recorded in mono. In 1962, it won a Grammy award for \"Best Sound Track Album \u2013 Original Cast\" and Johnny Richards orchestrations of the movie score (on \"Kenton's West Side Story\") also winning a Grammy in 1962 for \"Best Large Ensemble Jazz Album\" further bolstering the popularity of the movie and soundtrack. In the United States, it was the best-selling album of the 1960s, certifying three times platinum by the RIAA on November 21, 1986. Though the album was released just a few years after the release of the original broadway cast recording, it is according to \"Broadway Babies\" preferred by some to the earlier version both sentimentally, as the film succeeded in establishing the musical as a \"popular masterpiece\", and musically, as it contains \"beefier orchestration\". In her autobiography, \"I Could Have Sung All Night\", Marni Nixon spoke of singing the role of Maria and of her observations of some of the other singers whose voices were dubbed into the film. According to Nixon, very little of the singing on the soundtrack was contributed by the on-screen top-billing stars of the film; while George Chakiris provided vocals for the character of Bernardo, Nixon claims, even Russ Tamblyn's voice was dubbed over by Tucker Smith because Tamblyn had contractual obligations with MGM Records.", "He backed his way onto the \"Kenton's West Side Story\" LP due to the failure of Ernie Berhardt to fill the trumpet solo slots and Marvin Stamm's inability to fly back across the country for the sessions. Kenton ends up personally asking Candoli to do the sessions, it ends up being a brilliant choice in being able to add more polish to the LP. Candoli is highly conspicuous in having more solo space than anyone on the LP but this is understandable in order to compete with the brass heavy orchestrations. Gabe Baltazar, Sam Donahue and Gene Roland are also nice additions to the solo roster but any one of them does not play any substantial statement of improvisation. Again, the solo space is very limited by the theatrical content of the music and Johnny Richards trying to stay true to the music with his orchestrations. The \"Kenton's West Side Story\" LP charted for 26 weeks in Billboard starting in October 1961, peaking at #16 in November on the Billboard Magazine Hot 100 albums. Stan Kenton is listed in Today's Top Record Talent honor roll in Billboard's April 4, 1963 issue citing both \"Adventures In Jazz\" and \"Kenton's West Side Story\" as top selling hits. Grammy Awards \"Arranger Johnny Richards is responsible for the sometimes wild, sometimes mournful, but always interesting reading by the Kenton band of the \"West Side Story\" score. Kenton has assembled a huge orchestra to play the exciting music from the show and top-flight stereo recording make the listener's room jump with the life of the music. Naturally there are good doses of jazz in the set and some tine solo highlights by Kenton himself at piano. The excellence of the LP as a whole, effective use of stereo positioning, and release timed with showing of the \"West Side\" motion picture all should aid in sales of the album.\"", "In addition to Bernstein's own West Side Story Suite, the music from the musical has been adapted by The Buddy Rich Big Band, which arranged and recorded \"West Side Story Medley\" on the 1966 album Buddy Rich's Swingin' New Big Band. The Stan Kenton Orchestra recorded Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Recording by a Large Group. The 1996 album The Songs of West Side Story included covers by such diverse artists as Selena (\"A Boy Like That\"), Little Richard (\"I Feel Pretty\"), Trisha Yearwood (\"I Have a Love\") and Salt-n-Pepa, Def Jef, Lisa Lopes, the Jerky Boys, and Paul Rodriguez all collaborating on \"Gee, Officer Krupke\", as well as Chick Corea Elektric Band collaborating with Steve Vai's Monsters on \"Rumble\". The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School. In the third season of the series Glee, three episodes feature characters auditioning, rehearsing and performing a school production of West Side Story. Songs from the musical are performed in episode 2 \"I Am Unicorn\", episode 3 \"Asian F\" and episode 5 \"The First Time\" and also given digital releases. The Animaniacs episode \"West Side Pigeons\" features a parody romance and rivalry that mirrors that of the Jets and the Sharks.", "Rita Moreno was dubbed by Betty Wand in the song \"A Boy Like That\" because the song needed to be performed at a register that was too low for her. However, Moreno sang her own vocals in \"America\". Marni Nixon sang some of Moreno's parts in the \"Quintet\" when illness prevented Moreno from doing so. Wand was also ill on the day of final recording, and so Nixon recorded Anita's vocal line as well. For the 50th anniversary of the film's 1961 release, a score closer to the Broadway version was created by Garth Edwin Sunderland of the Leonard Bernstein Office to be performed live at screenings of the movie with the score removed, but with the original vocals maintained. The score's New York City premiere was presented at Lincoln Center's David Geffen Hall, called Avery Fisher Hall at the time, built atop the original film locations, which were razed in a late 1950s urban renewal project. The Stan Kenton Orchestra recorded \"Kenton's West Side Story\", an entire album of Johnny Richards' jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores in 1961. It was previewed at Capitol Records by the producers of the motion picture during the editing and mix down who lamented that, had they known of its existence, it would have been used as the musical foundation of the new film. The Kenton version won the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Recording by a Large Group. A still picture from the movie is the front cover of the Kenton LP. In 2009, photographer Mark Seliger re-created scenes from the film for magazine \"Vanity Fair\" called \"West Side Story Revisited\", using Camilla Belle as Maria, Ben Barnes as Tony, Jennifer Lopez as Anita, Rodrigo Santoro as Bernardo and Chris Evans as Riff. Portraying the Sharks are Minka Kelly, Jay Hernandez, Natalie Martinez, Brandon T. Jackson and Melonie Diaz.", "Kenton's West Side Story Kenton's West Side Story is an album by Stan Kenton that won the Grammy Award in 1962 for Best Jazz Performance \u2013 Large Group (Instrumental). The album was recorded in 1961 and released quickly to take advantage of the movie premiere of the musical \"West Side Story\". Kenton won his first Grammy Award. He won again the next year in the same category. \" Kenton's West Side Story\" peaked at No. 16 on the \"Billboard\" magazine album chart. The Kenton orchestra had been on a slow decline in sales and popularity in the late 1950s with having to compete with newer, popular music artists such as Elvis Presley, Bobby Darin and The Platters. The nadir of this decline was around 1958 and coincided with a recession that was effecting the entire country. There were far fewer big bands on the road and live music venues were hard to book for the Kenton orchestra. The band ended 1959 beaten up by poor attendance at concerts and having to rely far more on dance halls than real jazz concerts. The band reformed in 1960 with a new look and new sound, \"West Side Story\" was one of the first 'mellophonium' albums to be part of an upsurge in Kenton's popularity. Lee Gillette and the other Capitol executives were pushing Kenton towards more commercially viable recording projects in the early 1960s. Kenton made concessions to this though these were not his favorites records to make; one very happy outcome of these practical commercial choices was the \"West Side Story\" LP. Johnny Richards was chosen as the arranger for the project and was a logical choice seeing his success with \"Cuban Fire!\" and having helped design the mellophonium. Johnny Richards' music was \"substantial\"---\"steel and concrete,\" Kenton called it. \" Johnny was probably the best schooled, musically, of all of us put together."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a popular show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the West Side Story?", "answer": {"text": "\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else important about the references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "In film, Pixar animator Aaron Hartline used the first meeting between Tony and Maria as inspiration for the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3.", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did that become popular as well?", "answer": {"text": "The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film,", "answer_start": 714, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did the musical win any more awards?", "answer": {"text": "Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award", "answer_start": 268, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c2b28599c97c4e93a8cbec39e2e704e4_0_q#7", "question": "What happened after the grammy award was won?", "rewrite": "What happened after Johnny Richard's grammy award for Kenton's West Side Story was won?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The first public performance of the Kenton Mellophonium Band was sandwiched between the two \"Kenton West Wide Story\" recording sessions. The Mellophonium Band did not make its public debut until March 29, 1961 at the Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas, almost 8 months after the mellophonium was introduced as part of the regular instrumentation. After numerous aborted recording sessions and a long road of finding appropriate repertoire, Kenton now was on the cusp of his most commercially successful album release. The music arranged by Johnny Richards for \"Kenton's West Side Story\" is outstanding but was difficult to execute. Due to the taxing brass writing there are 7 trumpets used on the sessions, 2 of them being kept in reserve to give other trumpet players a needed break while recording. Many of the earlier problems presented with the mellophonium had been worked out making this the first score and recording sessions (other than Christmas music or ballads) that really worked for this new incarnation of the Kenton band. Richards thought the original Broadway score to be repetitive and appropriate alterations were made to the harmonic and rhythmic structures. To fill in the blanks, there are numerous 'Richard-isms' in \"Kenton's West Side Story\" that surface musically; a great deal of stylistic characteristics of his renderings of Bernstein's music are borrowed from the successful 1956 \"Cuban Fire!\" LP and his other Kenton orchestrations. Many of the Afro-Latin themes from both Kenton LPs (\"Cuban Fire!\" vs \"West Side Story\") are similar but both retain their uniqueness in the hands of Richards. It is mentioned earlier about Mirisch Company executive being impressed with the Johnny Richards orchestrations but in the end there is little doubt Richards designed his charts for the Kenton band.", "Kenton's West Side Story Kenton's West Side Story is an album by Stan Kenton that won the Grammy Award in 1962 for Best Jazz Performance \u2013 Large Group (Instrumental). The album was recorded in 1961 and released quickly to take advantage of the movie premiere of the musical \"West Side Story\". Kenton won his first Grammy Award. He won again the next year in the same category. \" Kenton's West Side Story\" peaked at No. 16 on the \"Billboard\" magazine album chart. The Kenton orchestra had been on a slow decline in sales and popularity in the late 1950s with having to compete with newer, popular music artists such as Elvis Presley, Bobby Darin and The Platters. The nadir of this decline was around 1958 and coincided with a recession that was effecting the entire country. There were far fewer big bands on the road and live music venues were hard to book for the Kenton orchestra. The band ended 1959 beaten up by poor attendance at concerts and having to rely far more on dance halls than real jazz concerts. The band reformed in 1960 with a new look and new sound, \"West Side Story\" was one of the first 'mellophonium' albums to be part of an upsurge in Kenton's popularity. Lee Gillette and the other Capitol executives were pushing Kenton towards more commercially viable recording projects in the early 1960s. Kenton made concessions to this though these were not his favorites records to make; one very happy outcome of these practical commercial choices was the \"West Side Story\" LP. Johnny Richards was chosen as the arranger for the project and was a logical choice seeing his success with \"Cuban Fire!\" and having helped design the mellophonium. Johnny Richards' music was \"substantial\"---\"steel and concrete,\" Kenton called it. \" Johnny was probably the best schooled, musically, of all of us put together.", "In addition to Bernstein's own West Side Story Suite, the music from the musical has been adapted by The Buddy Rich Big Band, which arranged and recorded \"West Side Story Medley\" on the 1966 album Buddy Rich's Swingin' New Big Band. The Stan Kenton Orchestra recorded Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Recording by a Large Group. The 1996 album The Songs of West Side Story included covers by such diverse artists as Selena (\"A Boy Like That\"), Little Richard (\"I Feel Pretty\"), Trisha Yearwood (\"I Have a Love\") and Salt-n-Pepa, Def Jef, Lisa Lopes, the Jerky Boys, and Paul Rodriguez all collaborating on \"Gee, Officer Krupke\", as well as Chick Corea Elektric Band collaborating with Steve Vai's Monsters on \"Rumble\". The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School. In the third season of the series Glee, three episodes feature characters auditioning, rehearsing and performing a school production of West Side Story. Songs from the musical are performed in episode 2 \"I Am Unicorn\", episode 3 \"Asian F\" and episode 5 \"The First Time\" and also given digital releases. The Animaniacs episode \"West Side Pigeons\" features a parody romance and rivalry that mirrors that of the Jets and the Sharks.", "\" The handling of Bernstein's crowning achievement as a Broadway composer by the Kenton band was going to take a very experienced and adept arranger. This was the only time an entire Kenton LP was devoted to a single show; it was the closest thing that could be easily adapted to fit the large scale, progressive jazz style of the Kenton group. The Mirisch Company's film adaptation of West Side Story starring Natalie Wood and Richard Beymer was scheduled for release in September 1961. Both Kenton and Capitol producer Lee Gillette took advantage of the film coming out and jumped on the opportunity to use Bernstein's award-winning music to be a fitting vehicle for the large scale sound of the new \"Mellophonium Band. \" When the Kenton album was released, it started charting just before the film had been released in most major American cities. The Capitol LP was perfectly timed by producer Lee Gillette. There were a great many successes attributed to the \"Kenton's West Side Story\" none of which is more interesting then the visit by Mirisch representatives to the Capitol Tower in Hollywood, California. With the movie nearly complete, Lee Gillette had invited the Mirisch people to hear what the Kenton/Richards collaboration had produced (listen to the mix and mastering). The movie producers were very impressed, \"We had no idea! If we only knew!\". The implication being the Capitol produced \"West Side Story\" could or would have been part of the soundtrack. In the end, full endorsement was given by Mirisch to allow a still photo from the movie to be used as the cover of \"Kenton's West Side Story. \" As it happened both the Kenton LP and Columbia Records produced sound track co-existed beautifully on the commercial market with both winning Grammys in 1962 for Best sound track LP and Best large ensemble jazz LP.", "He backed his way onto the \"Kenton's West Side Story\" LP due to the failure of Ernie Berhardt to fill the trumpet solo slots and Marvin Stamm's inability to fly back across the country for the sessions. Kenton ends up personally asking Candoli to do the sessions, it ends up being a brilliant choice in being able to add more polish to the LP. Candoli is highly conspicuous in having more solo space than anyone on the LP but this is understandable in order to compete with the brass heavy orchestrations. Gabe Baltazar, Sam Donahue and Gene Roland are also nice additions to the solo roster but any one of them does not play any substantial statement of improvisation. Again, the solo space is very limited by the theatrical content of the music and Johnny Richards trying to stay true to the music with his orchestrations. The \"Kenton's West Side Story\" LP charted for 26 weeks in Billboard starting in October 1961, peaking at #16 in November on the Billboard Magazine Hot 100 albums. Stan Kenton is listed in Today's Top Record Talent honor roll in Billboard's April 4, 1963 issue citing both \"Adventures In Jazz\" and \"Kenton's West Side Story\" as top selling hits. Grammy Awards \"Arranger Johnny Richards is responsible for the sometimes wild, sometimes mournful, but always interesting reading by the Kenton band of the \"West Side Story\" score. Kenton has assembled a huge orchestra to play the exciting music from the show and top-flight stereo recording make the listener's room jump with the life of the music. Naturally there are good doses of jazz in the set and some tine solo highlights by Kenton himself at piano. The excellence of the LP as a whole, effective use of stereo positioning, and release timed with showing of the \"West Side\" motion picture all should aid in sales of the album.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Can you provide some information on references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "The television show Curb Your Enthusiasm extensively referenced West Side Story in the season seven episode \"Officer Krupke\".", "answer_start": 840, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a popular show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me a little about the West Side Story?", "answer": {"text": "\". An episode of Welcome Back, Kotter, \"Sweatside Story\", parodies West Side Story when the Sweathogs engage in a rumble with students from rival New Utrecht High School.", "answer_start": 963, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there anything else important about the references in popular culture?", "answer": {"text": "In film, Pixar animator Aaron Hartline used the first meeting between Tony and Maria as inspiration for the moment when Ken meets Barbie in Toy Story 3.", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did that become popular as well?", "answer": {"text": "The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film,", "answer_start": 714, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did the musical win any more awards?", "answer": {"text": "Johnny Richards' 1961 Kenton's West Side Story, an album of jazz orchestrations based on the Bernstein scores. It won the 1962 Grammy Award", "answer_start": 268, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other rewards as well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#0", "question": "What is Venom?", "rewrite": "What is Venom?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Evolution of snake venom  Venom in snakes and some lizards is a form of saliva that has been modified into venom over its evolutionary history. In snakes, venom has evolved to kill or subdue prey, as well as to perform other diet-related functions. The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion of snakes across the globe. The evolutionary history of snake venom is a matter of debate. The common view of this history before 2014 was that venom originated just once among all Toxicofera approximately 170 million years ago, and then diversified into the wide range of venoms seen today. Under this hypothesis, the original toxicoferan venom was a very simple set of proteins that were assembled in a pair of glands. Subsequently, this set of proteins diversified in the various lineages of toxicoferans, including Serpentes, Anguimorpha, and Iguania. Several snake lineages subsequently lost the ability to produce venom, often due to a change in diet. The single-origin hypothesis suggests that the mechanism of evolution in most cases has been gene duplication followed by natural selection for adaptive traits. Some of the various adaptations produced by this process include venom more toxic to specific prey in several lineages, proteins that pre-digest prey, and a method to track down prey after a bite. These various adaptations of venom have also led to considerable debate about the definition of venom and venomous snakes. The idea that venom had a single evolutionary origin has been called into question by a 2015 study, which found that venom proteins had homologs in many other tissues in the Burmese python. The study therefore suggested that venom had evolved independently in a number of snake lineages. The origin of venom is thought to have provided the catalyst for the rapid diversification of snakes in the Cenozoic period, particularly to the Colubridae and their colonization of the Americas.", "Agent Venom manages to capture the Spider-King and discovers that he is an enslaved Captain America. Venom disguises himself as the Spider-King in order to track the infestation to its source. The Queen and Jackal send him to kill Anti-Venom because he is curing people who have gained spider-powers, but his superiors order him to take him to Mr. Fantastic to help develop a cure. Flash and the Venom-symbiote fight each other because Flash wants to bring Anti-Venom to Mr. Fantastic and the symbiote wants to kill Anti-Venom for previously rejecting it. This leads to Venom and Anti-Venom fighting. Venom wins the fight and delivers Anti-Venom to Mr. Fantastic. Venom teams up with Red Hulk, X-23, Ghost Rider, and Johnny Blaze to fight Blackheart. He joins the \"Secret Avengers\" as Agent Venom. As an Avenger, Flash apprehends the Human Fly, but the Human Fly escapes via a prisoner transport to the Raft when the new Hobgoblin attacks the transport trying to kill the Human Fly for stealing money from the Kingpin. Flash tries to assassinate the third Crime Master for threatening his family, but Eddie Brock attacks him as he is about to fire. This causes the Crime Master to have his new Savage Six attack Flash and Betty Brant. While trying to protect Betty from Jack O'Lantern he reveals his identity to her. Thunderbolt Ross recruits Venom to be part of his Thunderbolts team. Flash relocates to Philadelphia after fighting the U-Foes there. While trying to capture a serial killer infected with some of the alien technology the U-Foes were trying to sell, so Beast could try to cure the man, he is attacked by Toxin.", "Subsequently, this set of proteins evolved independently in the various lineages of toxicoferans, including Serpentes, Anguimorpha, and Iguania. Several snake lineages have since lost the ability to produce venom, often due to a change in diet or a change in predatory tactics. The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion of snakes across the globe. The mechanism of evolution in most cases has been gene duplication in tissues unrelated to the venom, followed by expression of the new protein in the venom gland. This was followed by natural selection for adaptive traits following the birth-and-death model, where duplication is followed by functional diversification, resulting in the creation of structurally related proteins that have slightly different functions. The study of venom evolution has been a high priority for scientists in terms of scientific research, due to the medical relevance of snake venom, in terms of making antivenom and cancer research. Knowing more about the composition of venom and the ways it can potentially evolve is very beneficial. Three main factors affect venom evolution that have been closely studied: predators of the snake that are resistant to snake venom, prey that are in an evolutionary arms race with snakes, and the specific diets that affect the intraspecific evolution of venom. Venoms continue to evolve as specific toxins and are modified to target a specific prey, and toxins are found to vary according to diet in some species. Rapid venom evolution can also be explained by the arms race between venom-targeted molecules in resistant predators, such as the opossum, and the snake venom that targets the molecules. Scientists performed experiments on the opossums and found that multiple trials showed replacement to silent substitutions in the von Willebrand factor (\"vWf\") gene that encodes for a venom-targeted hemostatic blood protein.", "Additionally since Martin Li's Lightforce touch created the Anti-Venom symbiote, Mister Negative's Darkforce touch can interfere or halt Anti-Venom's healing abilities. Also as seen during the Spider-Island event, overusing his healing powers can cause Anti-Venom's powers to weaken. In \" What If? Peter Parker became Kraven the Hunter\" where Peter killed Kraven and replaced him as the new hunter, Madame Web hired Anti-Venom, Spider-Woman and Venom in order to stop Peter, however, despite being successful in mortally injuring him, they were all defeated. The Anti-Venom symbiote's animated debut is seen on \"Ultimate Spider-Man vs the Sinister Six\", voiced by Matt Lanter. This version is created by Doctor Octopus and Michael Morbius from a sample of the Venom symbiote, and Harry Osborn is its host. In its self-titled episode \"Anti-Venom\", this symbiote is created as a candidate for Doc Ock's Sinister Six. Anti-Venom nearly kills Agent Venom only to be stopped by an ion inhibitor used by Spider-Man and Iron Patriot which leaves Anti-Venom inactive, and its host in a coma. The Anti-Venom symbiote returns in \"The Symbiote Saga\" three-part episode. During the Carnage symbiote's infestation of New York, Anti-Venom awakens and neutralizes Carnage's various hosts. Anti-Venom almost gets consumed by Carnage's 'heart' until Spider-Man's secret identity is revealed to get through to Harry. Anti-Venom is sacrificed to cure New York of Carnage's infestation. Anti-Venom's abilities are later acclimated by the Carnage Queen.", "However, the speech bubble used for the character is stylized in a way to suggest a distortion of the character's voice similar to the way Eddie Brock spoke when bonded with the Anti-Venom symbiote. During the \"Venom Inc.\" arc, Dr. Steven used elements of the Anti-Venom symbiote to create a new cure for the Venom symbiote's toxic shock syndrome that could adapt alongside it. When high concentrations of this serum was exposed to the Venom symbiote's biomass bonded to Flash Thompson, the Anti-Venom symbiote was recreated. Anyone possessed by the Anti-Venom symbiote possesses superhuman strength, durability, and stamina, an accelerated healing factor, genetic memory, detection of its Symbiote offspring, wall-crawling, web-generating abilities, spider-senses, immunity to Spider-Man's spider-senses, and camouflage. Unlike the other Symbiotes, the original Anti-Venom symbiote used by Eddie Brock is immune to fire, heat, and sound-based attacks. In addition, the Anti-Venom symbiote can produce antibodies that can \"cure\" a person afflicted by things like radioactivity, parasites, diseases, and drugs. The new Anti-Venom symbiote used by Flash Thompson also has the ability to heal physical injuries as well. Due to its failed attempt at curing Spider-Man's radiation-based powers, Anti-Venom causes Spider-Man's powers to cancel out when too close to Spider-Man. However, Anti-Venom does possess a few weaknesses of its own. It is vulnerable to high concentrations of Norman Osborn's super-venom via Freak's DNA."], "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#1", "question": "When was Venom released?", "rewrite": "When was Venom released by Bullet for My Valentine?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["For example, for bigger and stronger insects like beetles, the spider uses the entire amount of its venom; while for small ones, it uses only a small amount, thus economizing its costly venom. In fact, experiments show that the amount of venom released is just sufficient (at the lethal dose) to paralyze the target organism depending on the size or strength, and is not more than what is necessary. Animal venoms are complex biomolecules and hence, their biological synthesis require high metabolic activity. A particular venom itself is a complex chemical mixture composed of hundreds of proteins and non-proteinaceous compounds, resulting in a potent weapon for prey immobilization and predator deterrence. The metabolic cost of venom is sufficiently high to result in secondary loss of venom whenever its use becomes non-essential to survival of the animal. This suggests that venomous animals may have evolved strategies for minimizing venom expenditure, that they should use them only as and when required, and that too in optimal amount.", "Michael Paget Michael \"Padge\" Paget (born 12 September 1978) is a Welsh musician, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist for the Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine. Paget has been with Bullet for My Valentine since their formation in 1998. He plays alongside Matt Tuck (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Jamie Mathias (bass, backing vocals) and Jason Bowld (drums). He has released six albums with Bullet for My Valentine: 2005's \"The Poison\", 2008's \"Scream Aim Fire\", 2010's \"Fever\", 2013's \"Temper Temper\", 2015's \"Venom\", and 2018's \"Gravity\". They have also released the Bullet for My Valentine and Hand of Blood EP's, both in 2004. At around 15 years old, Paget received his first guitar, a 3/4 size classical guitar. He studied music at Bridgend College, where he met the members who would form Jeff Killed John, later to be known as Bullet for My Valentine. Michael Paget used to play many guitars and was endorsed by ESP Guitars in 2008. He has a signature ESP guitar, as well as two signature ESP LTD guitars. His preference is his ESP Michael Paget V.  Padge has used a wide range of different amplifiers:", "Venom optimization hypothesis Venom optimization hypothesis, also known as venom metering, is a biological hypothesis which postulates that venomous animals have physiological control over their production and use of venoms. It explains the economic use of venom because venom is a metabolically expensive product, and that there is a biological mechanism for controlling their specific use. The hypothetical concept was proposed by Esther Wigger, Lucia Kuhn-Nentwig, and Wolfgang Nentwig of the Zoological Institute at the University of Bern, Switzerland, in 2002. A number of venomous animals have been experimentally found to regulate the amount of venom they use during predation or defensive situations. Species of anemones, jellyfish, ants, scorpions, spiders, and snakes are found to use their venoms frugally depending on the situation and size of their preys or predators. Venom optimization hypothesis was postulated by Wigger, Kuhn-Nentwig, and Nentwig from their studies of the amount of venom used by a wandering spider \"Cupiennius salei\". This spider produces a neurotoxic peptide called CsTx-1 for paralysing its prey. It does not weave webs for trapping preys, and therefore, entirely depends on its venom for predation. It is known to prey on a variety of insects including butterflies, moths, earwigs, cockroaches, flies and grasshoppers. Its venom glands store only about 10 \u03bcl of crude venom. Refilling of the glands takes 2\u20133 days and the lethal efficacy of the venom is, initially, very low for several days, requiring 8 to 18 days for full effect. It was found that the amount of venom released differed for each specific prey.", "\"Cupiennius salei\" produces its venom in a pair of cylindrical pouch-like glands located at the anterior end of the head (prosoma). In adult females, each gland measures 1.8 mm in diameter and 6.5 mm in length. The glands are connected to a small duct through which the venom is discharged via its fang-like chelicera. Just before entering the chelicera, the duct enlarges to a muscle-invested ampulla and then constricts again. This specific arrangement is believed to be the regulatory system on the amount of venom that is released. \"Cupiennius salei\" is a non-web producing spider and therefore depends entirely on its venom for predation. It is known to prey on a variety of insects including butterflies, moths, earwigs, cockroaches, flies, grasshoppers and small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards. Its venom glands store only about 10 \u03bcl of crude venom. Refilling of the glands takes 2\u20133 days and the lethal efficacy of the venom is very low for several days after envenomation, requiring 8 to 18 days to regain full effect. It has been determined that the amount of venom released differs between types of prey. For larger and stronger insects such as beetles, the spider uses the entire amount of its venom; for smaller prey, it uses only small amounts, thus economising use of the biologically costly venom.", "However, in 2002 Dunn was next to leave the group and Lant replaced him with a US guitarist, Mike Hickey, which already took part in 1987 release \"Calm Before the Storm\" and Cronos solo albums. In late 2005, Venom released a career-spanning four-disc box set, \"MMV\", which includes an exclusive mini-poster of the band's seven-date tour of Europe with Metallica and a 60-page picture book, with interviews and pictures. The set includes all their best-known songs, along with rarities like live tracks, demos and outtakes. This line-up of the band released the \"Metal Black\" album in 2006. In 2007 Mike Hickey left the band and guitarist Stuart \"Rage\" Dixon joined the band and this line-up released the record \"Hell\" the following year. In 2009 drummer Danny \"Dante\" Needham joined the band and Lant wrote that this will be known as \"The Epic Line-Up Of Venom\", and they set off on a full South American tour. After headlining festivals around the world for the next couple of years gaining in popularity, they released the \"Fallen Angels\" album on 28 November 2011. Venom released their fourteenth studio album, \"From the Very Depths\", on 27 January 2015. The band also played one song, \"Rise\", they were working on in the studio, live for the audience at Rockfest 2014. A three-track EP, \"100 Miles to Hell\", was released on 22 December 2017. The fifteenth album \"Storm The Gates\" was announced on 9 November 2018 and was released on 14 December 2018. In April 2015, in anticipation of a date of the M-pire of Evil (Mantas and Demolition Man band) at the Keep It"], "answer": {"text": "Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,", "answer_start": 279}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Venom?", "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#2", "question": "How many copies did it sell?", "rewrite": "How many copies did Venom sell?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Evolution of snake venom  Venom in snakes and some lizards is a form of saliva that has been modified into venom over its evolutionary history. In snakes, venom has evolved to kill or subdue prey, as well as to perform other diet-related functions. The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion of snakes across the globe. The evolutionary history of snake venom is a matter of debate. The common view of this history before 2014 was that venom originated just once among all Toxicofera approximately 170 million years ago, and then diversified into the wide range of venoms seen today. Under this hypothesis, the original toxicoferan venom was a very simple set of proteins that were assembled in a pair of glands. Subsequently, this set of proteins diversified in the various lineages of toxicoferans, including Serpentes, Anguimorpha, and Iguania. Several snake lineages subsequently lost the ability to produce venom, often due to a change in diet. The single-origin hypothesis suggests that the mechanism of evolution in most cases has been gene duplication followed by natural selection for adaptive traits. Some of the various adaptations produced by this process include venom more toxic to specific prey in several lineages, proteins that pre-digest prey, and a method to track down prey after a bite. These various adaptations of venom have also led to considerable debate about the definition of venom and venomous snakes. The idea that venom had a single evolutionary origin has been called into question by a 2015 study, which found that venom proteins had homologs in many other tissues in the Burmese python. The study therefore suggested that venom had evolved independently in a number of snake lineages. The origin of venom is thought to have provided the catalyst for the rapid diversification of snakes in the Cenozoic period, particularly to the Colubridae and their colonization of the Americas.", "Cronos sent many copies of the Venom demos to various record labels and also the rock press, where a journalist for the 'Sounds' magazine [Geoff Barton] featured 3 Venom songs in his playlist, which got the attention of the label 'Neat Records', who then agreed to release the first Venom single. ' In League With Satan' c/w Live Like An Angel (Die Like A Devil). Cronos was also responsible for designing and creating all of the infamous Venom Logo and the sleeves artwork for their many single and album releases. He wanted to use the 'Sigil Of Baphomet' as the bands main emblem, although he wanted to recreate a new version of the sigil to be new and original concept, so he set out to redesigning it. The Venom logo was drawn and redrawn many times before he was happy, and the development of the logo can be seen from the bands many singles and albums releases, as the logo become more and more fine tuned as the years go on. The logo continues to evolve as Cronos still designs new versions for merchandise and other albums. Venom took a break in 1988 and so Cronos embarked on a solo career and occasionally featured in many other bands of a similar genre, including Cronos, Enthroned, Cradle of Filth, Evanescence (Cronos contributed a monologue to the end of the Cradle track \"Haunted Shores,\" from their 1996 album \"Dusk... and Her Embrace\"), Warpath, Massacre and Necrodeath. He also produced some of the albums for other bands. In 1995 Cronos contacted the original guitarist and drummer and reformed the original Venom line-up, where they headlined the Dynamo Festival in 1996 to 90,000 fans.", "The effect on other countries in the region can be seen through commemorative stamps. Egypt, Iraq, Jordan (and Algeria itself, after independence) introduced stamps depicting either the burning of a book, or of the library itself. The university library was subsequently rebuilt and presently has some 800,000 books. Following the 1964 Brazilian coup d'\u00e9tat, General Justino Alves Bastos, commander of the Third Army, ordered, in Rio Grande do Sul, the burning of all \"subversive books\". Among the books he branded as subversive was Stendhal's \"The Red and the Black\". It is the Chinese tradition to record family members in a book, including every male born in the family, who they are married to, etc. Traditionally, only males' names are recorded in the books. During the Cultural Revolution (1966\u20131976), many such books were forcibly destroyed or burned to ashes, because they were considered by the Chinese Communist Party as among the Four Old Things to be eschewed. Also many copies of classical works of Chinese literature were destroyed, though \u2013 unlike the genealogy books \u2013 these usually existed in many copies, some of which survived. Many copies of the Buddhist, Taoist and Confucian books were destroyed, thought to be promoting the \"old\" thinking. In 1965, the British publishing house Penguin Books was torn by an intense power struggle, with chief editor Tony Godwin and the board of directors attempting to remove the company founder Allen Lane. One of the acts taken by Lane in an effort to retain his position was to steal and burn the entire print run of the English edition of \"Massacre\" by the French cartoonist Sin\u00e9, whose content was reportedly \"deeply offensive\". John Lennon, member of the popular music group", "Agent Venom manages to capture the Spider-King and discovers that he is an enslaved Captain America. Venom disguises himself as the Spider-King in order to track the infestation to its source. The Queen and Jackal send him to kill Anti-Venom because he is curing people who have gained spider-powers, but his superiors order him to take him to Mr. Fantastic to help develop a cure. Flash and the Venom-symbiote fight each other because Flash wants to bring Anti-Venom to Mr. Fantastic and the symbiote wants to kill Anti-Venom for previously rejecting it. This leads to Venom and Anti-Venom fighting. Venom wins the fight and delivers Anti-Venom to Mr. Fantastic. Venom teams up with Red Hulk, X-23, Ghost Rider, and Johnny Blaze to fight Blackheart. He joins the \"Secret Avengers\" as Agent Venom. As an Avenger, Flash apprehends the Human Fly, but the Human Fly escapes via a prisoner transport to the Raft when the new Hobgoblin attacks the transport trying to kill the Human Fly for stealing money from the Kingpin. Flash tries to assassinate the third Crime Master for threatening his family, but Eddie Brock attacks him as he is about to fire. This causes the Crime Master to have his new Savage Six attack Flash and Betty Brant. While trying to protect Betty from Jack O'Lantern he reveals his identity to her. Thunderbolt Ross recruits Venom to be part of his Thunderbolts team. Flash relocates to Philadelphia after fighting the U-Foes there. While trying to capture a serial killer infected with some of the alien technology the U-Foes were trying to sell, so Beast could try to cure the man, he is attacked by Toxin.", "4D LABS 4D LABS is a materials science research institute at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada that focuses on the design, development, demonstration, and delivery of advanced functional materials and nanoscale devices. Its $41 million facility opened in Jan 2007 with funding from Canada Foundation for Innovation, the British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, and Simon Fraser University. 4D LABS is located in the Technology and Science Complex 2 (TASC2) building on the Simon Fraser University campus in Burnaby. This research institute houses 4700 sq ft of Class 100 clean room processing space, high resolution microscopy, an advanced spectroscopy and laser laboratory, and a visiting scientists' laboratory. It employs a technical staff to provide users with training and fee-for-hire services in nanofabrication, nanoimaging, and LASIR (Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research). It specializes in the clean energy, information technology, health care, agriculture, and environment sectors. 4D LABS was founded in 2005 with funding from the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the BC Knowledge Development Fund and SFU. Its $41 million facility on the Burnaby SFU campus opened in January, 2007. The name 4D LABS is derived from the four D's that define its focus: design, development, demonstration, and delivery of advanced functional materials and nanoscale devices. The purpose of 4D LABS is to accelerate the commercialization of university research in the areas of advanced materials and nanoscale devices. The operating model includes shared laboratories, equipment, and crosses the boundaries of both scientific and engineering disciplines."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Venom?", "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Venom released?", "answer": {"text": "Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#3", "question": "Did they tour in support of Venom?", "rewrite": "Did Bullet for My Valentine in support of Venom?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["No Way Out (Bullet for My Valentine song) \"No Way Out\" is a song by Welsh metalcore band Bullet for My Valentine. It was released on 18 May 2015 as the first single from the album \"Venom\". http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/bullet-for-my-valentine-to-release-venom-album-in-august-new-song-no-way-out-streaming/", "Venom (Bullet for My Valentine album) Venom is the fifth studio album by the Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine, released on 14 August 2015 via RCA Records, their second and last album under the label. It is the first album by the band since the departure of bassist Jason \"Jay\" James, which was announced in February 2015 while the band was recording the album. Jamie Mathias was announced as his replacement on 18 May 2015, along with the album's title, release date and release of the album's first single, \"No Way Out\". This would also be the final album with founding drummer Michael \"Moose\" Thomas who parted ways with the band officially in 2017. \"No Way Out\" and \"Broken\" were premiered live during the band's headlining performance at the Camden Rocks Festival in London on 30 May 2015. The second and third singles, \"You Want a Battle? (Here's a War)\" and \"Army of Noise\", were released on 29 June and 17 July 2015, respectively. Another two songs, \"Playing God\" and \"Worthless\" were released respectively on 10 August and 13 August 2015. The whole album was made available for streaming on YouTube on 14 August 2015. Jamie Mathias is credited as a band member but did not perform on this album; Tuck recorded all bass guitar parts instead. Mathias later said in an interview that he hopes to be involved in future band projects. \"Venom\" received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 58/100 based on 8 reviews, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". British magazine \"Kerrang!\" awarded the album 4 stars, saying that \"Venom has injected a whole new life into the British metal heroes.\" \"Alternative Press\" and \"AllMusic\" both gave the album 3.5 stars.", "When Wolverine intervened, the Venom clone unveiled itself and attacked, seeing him as the ideal host due to his healing factor and adamantium claws. The Venom clone's fight with Wolverine was interrupted by the Suit, who seemingly killed Logan, but the Venom clone mockingly informed the Suit it would just bond with Wolverine once he healed. Their confrontation was interrupted by Vic, who offered herself to the symbiote, but the Suit told the Venom clone that Vic had been outfitted by a cybernetic collar that connected to her brain and would allow her to control it. When Yooper exited the diner, the symbiote selected him as its next host and latched onto a bullet fired by Vic, bonding to the old man and preparing to resume the fight. Vic retreated and reunited with Frankie \u2014 who had captured Robertson \u2014 in their ship, dropping an atomic bomb on Voici to kill any other potential hosts. The Venom clone survived the nuke by taking over a swarm of cockroaches, killing Frankie. The Venom clone then ambushed Wolverine and took over him, slicing the Suit to pieces and attacking Robertson, who the Suit had outfitted with Vic's cybernetic collar. Despite being bonded to the ideal host, the Venom clone prepared to jump to Robertson, but was interrupted by the arrival of a second Vic and Frankie. Crashing their ship, the Venom clone abducted and killed Frankie 2.0, leaving Vic 2.0 to stumble across Vic 1.0's corpse and have an existential crisis, seemingly killing herself. The Venom clone returned to attack Robertson, who used a phone the Suit constructed to detonate his original phone, which had been implanted in Wolverine's chest. Separated from its host, the Venom clone bonded to Robertson, informing her of its purpose.", "At the time, the clinical standard involved creating extracts made from grinding up the entire body of an insect and administering it in order to desensitize patients. Loveless hypothesized, however, that the allergens were concentrated in the insect venom rather than the whole body, and thus that injections of venom-sac extract would be a more effective therapy. Since pure venom was unavailable, she collected and anesthetized insect samples herself before removing their venom sacs to prepare for injecting into her patients; by 1964, she had dissected some 30,000 insects, and reported that she had become so proficient at the process that she could dissect \"a bug a minute\". From 1953 to 1956, she injected patients at her allergy clinic with increasing doses of venom and monitored their reactions to subsequent bee and wasp stings. Receiving booster doses each year, these patients developed immunity to the insect venom and were no longer susceptible to anaphylaxis. In 1956 Loveless published the article \"Wasp Venom Allergy and Immunity\" based on the research she had performed at her clinic. Although well received by the popular press, her research was largely ignored by the scientific community, and it was not until the 1970s\u2014after the publication of further research into venom immunotherapy by Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Martin D. Valentine and Anne Kagey-Sobotka\u2014that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the use of venom extracts to treat patients with allergies to insect venom. By the early 1990s, Loveless's contributions to the field of immunology were more widely recognized, and the American Association of Immunologists (AAI) dubbed her a \"pioneer clinical immunologist\". In total, she authored more than 70 research articles in her field.", "Michael Paget Michael \"Padge\" Paget (born 12 September 1978) is a Welsh musician, singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is the lead guitarist and backing vocalist for the Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine. Paget has been with Bullet for My Valentine since their formation in 1998. He plays alongside Matt Tuck (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Jamie Mathias (bass, backing vocals) and Jason Bowld (drums). He has released six albums with Bullet for My Valentine: 2005's \"The Poison\", 2008's \"Scream Aim Fire\", 2010's \"Fever\", 2013's \"Temper Temper\", 2015's \"Venom\", and 2018's \"Gravity\". They have also released the Bullet for My Valentine and Hand of Blood EP's, both in 2004. At around 15 years old, Paget received his first guitar, a 3/4 size classical guitar. He studied music at Bridgend College, where he met the members who would form Jeff Killed John, later to be known as Bullet for My Valentine. Michael Paget used to play many guitars and was endorsed by ESP Guitars in 2008. He has a signature ESP guitar, as well as two signature ESP LTD guitars. His preference is his ESP Michael Paget V.  Padge has used a wide range of different amplifiers:"], "answer": {"text": "the same day an expansive UK tour was announced.", "answer_start": 324}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Venom?", "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Venom released?", "answer": {"text": "Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many copies did it sell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#4", "question": "Were there any specific shows they did for this tour?", "rewrite": "Were there any specific shows Bullet for My Valentine did for the UK tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The band then became more active, beginning with opening slots for more local bands, including homegrown heroes Exit Ten and Viatrophy and Australian death metallers The Red Shore, and eventually completing a co-headline club tour with Holy Grail, and supporting the likes of Shadows Fall, Five Finger Death Punch, The Haunted and Trivium, as well as appearing at Sonisphere Festival and Download Festival. The band also recorded a cover of the Judas Priest song \"The Rage\", for a \"Metal Hammer\" tribute CD. During the recording of \"Bridges Will Burn\" the band were briefly signed to indie label Transcend Records, however, the deal was not honoured and therefore, Rise to Remain left the label and remained an unsigned act, releasing their EP free with Metal Hammer magazine in 2010. There were no releases on Transcend Records from the band. On 14 June 2010, Rise to Remain were given the \"Metal Hammer\" Golden God Award, for \"Best New Band\", an award that was voted for by \"over 400,000 people across the globe.\" Also in 2010, the band won \"Best British Newcomer\" at the Kerrang! Awards. The band supported Korn on their UK tour in October 2010, and then completed a string of shows supporting Funeral for a Friend, as well as being added to the line-up of Bullet for My Valentine's European tour in November 2010, after Escape the Fate were unable to fulfill their slot. As a result of the Bullet for My Valentine tour, the band had to drop out of a UK tour supporting As I Lay Dying and Suicide Silence, but returned to support Hatebreed on their UK dates in December 2010. Between July and November 2010, the band recorded their debut album with producer, Colin Richardson, who has worked with Carcass, Machine Head and Bullet for My Valentine, amongst others.", "There Is a Hell... Tour There Is a Hell... Tour was a concert tour by British rock band Bring Me the Horizon, taking place during 2010\u20132011, in support of their third studio album \" There Is a Hell Believe Me I've Seen It. There Is a Heaven Let's Keep It a Secret.\" The tour began with the band playing as part of the Vans Warped Tour throughout June\u2013August 2010, just a few days after finishing recording the album. In the middle of the tour, the band skipped out a few Warped Tour dates in order to participate in the Sonisphere Festival in Knebworth, England on 1 August 2010. Following Warped Tour, the band supported Bullet for My Valentine on their tour of Asia and Oceania in early September, and late September saw the band headlining their own tour of the UK with supporting acts Cancer Bats and Tek-One. Throughout October\u2013November 2010, the band co-headlining the Alternative Press Tour with August Burns Red and supporting acts Emarosa, Polar Bear Club and This Is Hell in the US, and in December the band supported once again Bullet for My Valentine in a series of special 5 UK arena shows. January 2011 saw the band headlining the first European leg of the tour with supporting acts The Devil Wears Prada and Architects, which was followed by dates in Indonesia, Japan and Australia, playing as part of the Soundwave Festival dates. In March\u2013April 2011, the band supported A Day to Remember on a US tour with other supporting acts Pierce the Veil and We Came as Romans, which was followed by another UK tour and a summer European tour of mostly festival appearances in such festivals as Rock am Ring, Nova Rock, Metaltown, Pukkelpop, Graspop and more.", "Challenge Tour (snooker) The Challenge Tour is a series of professional snooker tournaments immediately below the level of the World Snooker Main Tour. The tour has been revived for the 2018/2019 season, having previously run between the 1997/1998 season and the end of the 2004/2005 season. The series was originally known as WPBSA Minor Tour and then UK Tour. The concept of a secondary professional tour was first experimented with in the 1994/1995 season in the form of the \"WPBSA Minor Tour\" to provide competition for lower ranked professionals, but only ran for a season. Due to over-subscription of the World Snooker Tour, a two-tiered tour structure was adopted from the 1997/1998 season resulting in the \"Main Tour\" and the \"UK Tour\". The \"Main Tour\" had an exclusive membership, whereas initially the whole professional membership could compete on the \"UK Tour\" and the best performers could earn promotion. From the 1999/2000 season entry was limited to players not competing on the \"Main Tour\", and from the 2001/2002 season the \"UK Tour\" itself had an exclusive membership. From the 2000/2001 season it was rebranded the \"Challenge Tour\". In its first season there were five events, but the number was reduced to four in the following seasons. There were two official maximum breaks at the \"UK Tour\", both being made in the 1998/1999 season. In Event 3 Stuart Bingham made it against Barry Hawkins and in Event 4 Nick Dyson made it against Adrian Gunnell. The tour was discontinued after 2004/2005 season, but the concept was revived with the introduction of the \"Pro Challenge Series\" in 2009/2010. Only four of the planned seven events were played before the series was axed due to low player participation.", "Fever (Bullet for My Valentine album) Fever is the third studio album by Welsh heavy metal band, Bullet for My Valentine. Containing eleven tracks, the album was released on 26 and 27 April 2010 in the UK and in the US, respectively. The album sold 71,000 copies in the US and 21,965 in the UK in its first week of release to debut at position No. 3 on \"The Billboard 200\" and No. 1 on Billboard's Rock and Alternative charts, making it the band's most successfully-charting record to date. Since its release, Fever has sold over 600,000 copies worldwide. It also went gold in the UK in late 2013. In early 2009, about a year after Bullet for My Valentine released their second studio album, \"Scream Aim Fire\", the band started writing new material. In a March 2009 interview with \"Metal Hammer\", Matthew Tuck stated that on previous albums he had written lyrics for the songs after the band had completed writing instrumental parts; but for \"Fever\", Tuck had been writing both at the same time. Bullet for My Valentine originally entered the studio in April 2009 with producer Don Gilmore (best known for his work with Linkin Park and Good Charlotte) at Monmouth, Wales, and cancelled tour dates in South Africa to continue recording. The band took time off from recording in mid-2009 to perform on various tours including the 2009 Mayhem Festival. During the Mayhem Festival, Bullet for My Valentine included a new song to their live setlist. Following their tours, the band returned to studio to finish \"Fever\". Recording was completed in December 2009, and Gilmore began tracking the album shortly thereafter in Malibu, California.", "In 2013, New Zealand artists were invited to cover popular George FM tunes in a regular Friday on-air and online video feature called 'Damn! I Wish I Was Your Cover', akin to Like a Version on Triple J. The segment featured Ruby Frost covering Disclosure's \"White Noise\", Tahuna Breaks covering Daft Punk's \"Get Lucky\", Anna Coddington covering Major Lazer's \"Get Free\", Six60 covering Rudimental's \"Feel The Love\", Tali covering Kendrick Lamar's \"Swimming Pools\", and Lips covering Kavinsky's \"Nightcall\". Weekdays are currently hosted by General Lee 10am - 3pm. Former hosts include Aroha and Dean Campbell. Dan Aux has hosted the drive programme since 2015 (3pm - 7pm), replacing a previous 2009 to 2014 award-winning drive programme with Thane Kirby and Kara Rickard. Gracie Taylor hosted in 2015 with Dan Aux. Evenings are hosted by Sin Howard 7pm - midnight. This block features guest mixes, live DJ mix-shows, interviews and more. Sin Richard hosts the Overnighter show Monday - Thursday mornings between midnight and 6:00am. Thursday night's schedule features more genre-specific shows - Big Bad Heavy Radio showcases bass music, Silk Cuts in Session is dedicated to UK garage, and the late-night Olly Thomas show is dedicated to dance music. Friday nights are focused on dance and dance-pop - with OurHouse with Tim Phin, Diplo and Friends, and the acid house and electronic show All Gone Pete Tong. Weekend mornings begin with Chillsville 5am - 10am for both days. Saturday's line up includes two-hour genre-specific shows from 10.00am."], "answer": {"text": "London's Camden Rocks festival", "answer_start": 437}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Venom?", "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Venom released?", "answer": {"text": "Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many copies did it sell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour in support of Venom?", "answer": {"text": "the same day an expansive UK tour was announced.", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#5", "question": "Who else played at the Camden Rocks festival?", "rewrite": "Besides Bullet for My Valentine, Who else played at the Camden Rocks festival?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They also appeared for the 4th time at Download Festival in Castle Donnington. On 6 February 2017, Music Week announced that new label Marshall Records has announced their first signing as 'The Dirty Youth'. The band will head to the legendary Abbey Road Studios later this week to start recording. The first single, Hurricane, was released September 2017. In 2011 The Dirty Youth supported Finnish rock band Reckless Love during their UK tour, played at Download Festival in the U.K and Getaway Rocks Festival in Sweden. In 2012 The Dirty Youth toured Europe with Korn and were invited back to play Download Festival for the second year running and played Hard Rock Calling Festival at Hyde Park in London, alongside Bruce Springsteen. The Dirty Youth also played at Merthyr Rocks Festival in Wales and toured for 2 months in Europe with The Rasmus. In 2013 The Dirty Youth supported Chevelle at the Islington Academy in London, then in July 2013 The Dirty Youth played at Rockfest in Czech Republic alongside The Rasmus. In December 2013 The Dirty Youth played to a sold out Christmas show in their hometown of Cardiff at The Moon Club. 2014 saw The Dirty Youth tour Europe with Heaven's Basement and Glamour of the Kill then go on to play Takedown Festival in Southampton. In June The Dirty Youth played the Second Stage at Download Festival in front of 10,000 people. In July 2014 The Dirty Youth played at Redfest alongside Skindred and announced their first ever UK headline tour for October with I Divide as their support band. In March 2015 The Dirty Youth supported Fozzy on their European and UK tour. Then in May 2015, The Dirty Youth supported InMe on their UK tour and played at the Camden Rocks Festival in London. In August 2015 it was announced that The Dirty Youth will be playing two Halloween shows; one in Exeter on 30 October with Young Guns and one on 31 October in Cardiff with Skindred", "Prawira Bandung Prawira Bandung is an Indonesian basketball club based in the city of Bandung, West Java province. It was founded by Lilian Wijaya in 1991 as Hadtex Indosyntec. The club is a member of the Perbasi's highest division since 1994. They came a championship in 1994, 1997, and 1998. Its most recent success came as a championship in the 2010 Jakarta Governor's Cup tournament. = History = According to the official club website, Garuda Bandung was founded in 1991 by Lilian Wijaya, and carried the name Hadtex Indosyntec. The project was a brainchild of the Board of Directors of PT Hadtex Indosyntec. In 1994 Hadtex Indosyntec joined the KOBATAMA, and they changing its name into Panasia Indosyntec in 1996. The club subsequently went into sponsorship changes. In 2004, the club was renamed Senatama Garuda Panasia, and in 2007, under new management, the club rechristened itself as Garuda Panasia Bandung. In 2008, it's sponsored by Telkom Indonesia and renamed Garuda Flexi Bandung. Garuda Bandung reach the finals since 1994. From the 7 final stages, Garuda get the champions in 1994 (as Hadtex Indosyntec), 1997 , and 1998 (as Panasia Indosyntec), and Garuda get the runner-ups in 1995, 1996, 2000 (lose to Aspac Jakarta), and 2008 (lose to Satria Muda). = Head coaches = = Ownerships and fanbase = Prawira Bandung founded on 1991 by Lilian Wijaya. Now, it owned by Endri Erawan and Maulana Fareza Tamrella", "\" The release saw the bands popularity grow, having been championed by BBC Radio 1, Radio X , BBC 6 Music, Louder Than War, Fred Perry and Clash. The band went on to play Camden Rocks and Reading festival that same year, followed by sold out shows in Sheffield and London. The band run a regular club night called Welcome to the Monkey House at various venues in London. The club night has grown in popularity and has seen the band open internationally, with two Paris nights. In 2018, the band announced a new 4-track EP titled 'Sisteray Said' was released in September, following a sold out show at London's Dingwalls. The EP gained notable press, with Louder Than War describing \" Sometimes when you hear a band for the first time you know that there is just that little \u2018je ne sais quoi\u2019 about them. Something that sets them aside slightly, something that makes you sit up and pay attention as they distance themselves from the rest of their counterparts. Yes, you\u2019ve guessed it, Sisteray are one such band. \" The EP was peaked at number 9 in the iTunes chart. Notable performances at Isle of Wight Festival, Camden Rocks Festival, Tramlines, The Great Escape and a live streamed Pirate Studios session on Facebook; along with a performance live on Radio X and a series of radio plays has seen the bands popularity grow significantly. The band toured the new EP in October and November of 2018, concluded with a sold out show at London's famous The 100 Club, which was attended by former England defender Stuart Pearce, after championing the band on TalkSport. On April Fools day, 1 April 2019, premiered their new Brexit themed single 'April Fools' on John Kennedy's Radio X show. Sisteray are influenced by 1970s punk era bands such as the Buzzcocks, the Gun Club and the Clash.", "Venom (Bullet for My Valentine album) Venom is the fifth studio album by the Welsh heavy metal band Bullet for My Valentine, released on 14 August 2015 via RCA Records, their second and last album under the label. It is the first album by the band since the departure of bassist Jason \"Jay\" James, which was announced in February 2015 while the band was recording the album. Jamie Mathias was announced as his replacement on 18 May 2015, along with the album's title, release date and release of the album's first single, \"No Way Out\". This would also be the final album with founding drummer Michael \"Moose\" Thomas who parted ways with the band officially in 2017. \"No Way Out\" and \"Broken\" were premiered live during the band's headlining performance at the Camden Rocks Festival in London on 30 May 2015. The second and third singles, \"You Want a Battle? (Here's a War)\" and \"Army of Noise\", were released on 29 June and 17 July 2015, respectively. Another two songs, \"Playing God\" and \"Worthless\" were released respectively on 10 August and 13 August 2015. The whole album was made available for streaming on YouTube on 14 August 2015. Jamie Mathias is credited as a band member but did not perform on this album; Tuck recorded all bass guitar parts instead. Mathias later said in an interview that he hopes to be involved in future band projects. \"Venom\" received mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 58/100 based on 8 reviews, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". British magazine \"Kerrang!\" awarded the album 4 stars, saying that \"Venom has injected a whole new life into the British metal heroes.\" \"Alternative Press\" and \"AllMusic\" both gave the album 3.5 stars.", "It was announced on the band's Facebook page in 2015 that a new song, \"No Way Out,\" would debut on BBC Radio 1 on 17 May 2015. The band also revealed their fifth studio album to be titled Venom and their new bassist was going to be Jamie Mathias, formerly of metal band Revoker. Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015, the same day an expansive UK tour was announced. It was also revealed that Bullet For My Valentine will headline London's Camden Rocks festival which takes place on 30 May 2015."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Venom?", "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Venom released?", "answer": {"text": "Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many copies did it sell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour in support of Venom?", "answer": {"text": "the same day an expansive UK tour was announced.", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any specific shows they did for this tour?", "answer": {"text": "London's Camden Rocks festival", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#6", "question": "Were there any singles from this album?", "rewrite": "Were there any singles from the album Venom?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Subsequently, this set of proteins evolved independently in the various lineages of toxicoferans, including Serpentes, Anguimorpha, and Iguania. Several snake lineages have since lost the ability to produce venom, often due to a change in diet or a change in predatory tactics. The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion of snakes across the globe. The mechanism of evolution in most cases has been gene duplication in tissues unrelated to the venom, followed by expression of the new protein in the venom gland. This was followed by natural selection for adaptive traits following the birth-and-death model, where duplication is followed by functional diversification, resulting in the creation of structurally related proteins that have slightly different functions. The study of venom evolution has been a high priority for scientists in terms of scientific research, due to the medical relevance of snake venom, in terms of making antivenom and cancer research. Knowing more about the composition of venom and the ways it can potentially evolve is very beneficial. Three main factors affect venom evolution that have been closely studied: predators of the snake that are resistant to snake venom, prey that are in an evolutionary arms race with snakes, and the specific diets that affect the intraspecific evolution of venom. Venoms continue to evolve as specific toxins and are modified to target a specific prey, and toxins are found to vary according to diet in some species. Rapid venom evolution can also be explained by the arms race between venom-targeted molecules in resistant predators, such as the opossum, and the snake venom that targets the molecules. Scientists performed experiments on the opossums and found that multiple trials showed replacement to silent substitutions in the von Willebrand factor (\"vWf\") gene that encodes for a venom-targeted hemostatic blood protein.", "Additionally since Martin Li's Lightforce touch created the Anti-Venom symbiote, Mister Negative's Darkforce touch can interfere or halt Anti-Venom's healing abilities. Also as seen during the Spider-Island event, overusing his healing powers can cause Anti-Venom's powers to weaken. In \" What If? Peter Parker became Kraven the Hunter\" where Peter killed Kraven and replaced him as the new hunter, Madame Web hired Anti-Venom, Spider-Woman and Venom in order to stop Peter, however, despite being successful in mortally injuring him, they were all defeated. The Anti-Venom symbiote's animated debut is seen on \"Ultimate Spider-Man vs the Sinister Six\", voiced by Matt Lanter. This version is created by Doctor Octopus and Michael Morbius from a sample of the Venom symbiote, and Harry Osborn is its host. In its self-titled episode \"Anti-Venom\", this symbiote is created as a candidate for Doc Ock's Sinister Six. Anti-Venom nearly kills Agent Venom only to be stopped by an ion inhibitor used by Spider-Man and Iron Patriot which leaves Anti-Venom inactive, and its host in a coma. The Anti-Venom symbiote returns in \"The Symbiote Saga\" three-part episode. During the Carnage symbiote's infestation of New York, Anti-Venom awakens and neutralizes Carnage's various hosts. Anti-Venom almost gets consumed by Carnage's 'heart' until Spider-Man's secret identity is revealed to get through to Harry. Anti-Venom is sacrificed to cure New York of Carnage's infestation. Anti-Venom's abilities are later acclimated by the Carnage Queen.", "Evolution of snake venom  Venom in snakes and some lizards is a form of saliva that has been modified into venom over its evolutionary history. In snakes, venom has evolved to kill or subdue prey, as well as to perform other diet-related functions. The evolution of venom is thought to be responsible for the enormous expansion of snakes across the globe. The evolutionary history of snake venom is a matter of debate. The common view of this history before 2014 was that venom originated just once among all Toxicofera approximately 170 million years ago, and then diversified into the wide range of venoms seen today. Under this hypothesis, the original toxicoferan venom was a very simple set of proteins that were assembled in a pair of glands. Subsequently, this set of proteins diversified in the various lineages of toxicoferans, including Serpentes, Anguimorpha, and Iguania. Several snake lineages subsequently lost the ability to produce venom, often due to a change in diet. The single-origin hypothesis suggests that the mechanism of evolution in most cases has been gene duplication followed by natural selection for adaptive traits. Some of the various adaptations produced by this process include venom more toxic to specific prey in several lineages, proteins that pre-digest prey, and a method to track down prey after a bite. These various adaptations of venom have also led to considerable debate about the definition of venom and venomous snakes. The idea that venom had a single evolutionary origin has been called into question by a 2015 study, which found that venom proteins had homologs in many other tissues in the Burmese python. The study therefore suggested that venom had evolved independently in a number of snake lineages. The origin of venom is thought to have provided the catalyst for the rapid diversification of snakes in the Cenozoic period, particularly to the Colubridae and their colonization of the Americas.", "Cronos (band) Cronos were a British heavy metal band formed in 1988 by Venom front man Conrad \"Cronos\" Lant. Conrad \"Cronos\" Lant's eponymous band formed after disappointing sales of Venom's \"Calm Before the Storm\" album led him to quit Venom. He took with him the two guitarists, Mike Hickey and James Clare, that Venom had hired to replace founding guitarist Jeff \"Mantas\" Dunn upon his departure in 1986. The three ex-Venom members added drummer Chris Patterson to complete Cronos' initial lineup, releasing \"Dancing in the Fire\" in 1990, followed by 1991's \"Rock n' Roll Disease.\" Clare and Patterson both left in the years following, with the latter briefly replaced by drummer Ian McCormack and later by ex-Cathedral and Acid Reign drummer Mark Ramsey Wharton. A third album, \"Triumvirate\", was recorded but never released. Instead, the band released the confusingly-titled \"Venom\" in 1995, which collected songs from the first two records, material from \"Triumvirate\", as well as re-recorded Venom material performed by the current Cronos lineup. In 1995, the 'classic' Venom lineup reformed, canceling the release of \"Triumvirate\" and sending Cronos (the group) into permanent hiatus. Hickey then embarked on a brief stint touring with the English death metal band Carcass. Lant has been active with Venom ever since. Hickey also rejoined Venom in 2005, but departed again two years later. Cronos' 2006 \"Hell to the Unknown\" double-CD repackages the \"Venom\" album with further rarities, demos, and previously released material.", "In the last year Heartfield has worked with London's Mixtape Records and In Deep Recordings with whom he has produced commercially distributed digital and vinyl releases. 2009 has seen the completion of a 20-minute audio-visual piece, \"Permanent Way Redux\" which was performed as part of the 1000 Plateaus new digital media project and a rework of the cover version of The Kinks\"See My Friends\" by Brian Poole of Renaldo and the Loaf The last live performance was a 30-minute audio visual piece \" In The Lodge\" which featured animation from award-winning US artist Justin Curfman. 2010 saw the release of the 14-track album Venom and Eternity."], "answer": {"text": "\"No Way Out,\"", "answer_start": 70}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Venom?", "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Venom released?", "answer": {"text": "Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many copies did it sell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour in support of Venom?", "answer": {"text": "the same day an expansive UK tour was announced.", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any specific shows they did for this tour?", "answer": {"text": "London's Camden Rocks festival", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who else played at the Camden Rocks festival?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_aceaf30ad6604203aa397d00aefbbad9_0_q#7", "question": "How did \"No Way Out\" do?", "rewrite": "How did No Way out do?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ireland Way The Ireland Way is Ireland's longest coast-to-coast walking and cycling trail that joins the newly developed Beara-Breifne Way to the Ulster Way on the island of Ireland. The trail goes from the Beara Peninsula in County Cork, Republic of Ireland to Ballycastle, County Antrim in Northern Ireland. The Beara-Breifne Way trail follows closely the line of the historical march of O\u2019Sullivan Beare. One of the first people to walk the Ireland Way in one go was a Canadian woman named Maysen Forbes in 2017. The completed route will interconnect existing walking routes: The Beara Way, the Sli Gaeltacht Mhuscrai, the North Cork Way, the Ballyhoura Way, the Multeen Way, the Ormond Way, the Hymany Way, the Suck Valley Way, the Lung Lough Gara Way, the Miners Way and Historical Trail, the Leitrim Way, the Cavan Way and the Ulster Way, ending with the Causeway Coast Way.", "Lincoln-Way Community High School District 210 Lincoln-Way Community High School District 210 is a school district in the southwest suburbs of Chicago. Created in 1951, the district serves the communities of New Lenox, Frankfort, Mokena, Manhattan, and small portions of Tinley Park and Orland Park. Three high schools comprise Lincoln-Way Community High School District 210: Lincoln-Way Central, Lincoln-Way East, and Lincoln-Way West. Lincoln-Way Central and Lincoln-Way West are located in New Lenox; Lincoln-Way East is located in Frankfort. District 210 offices are located at Lincoln-Way Central. Effective since the 2016-2017 school year, due to financial troubles, Lincoln-Way Community High School District 210 consolidated to a three school district. The three schools comprising the district are Lincoln-Way Central, Lincoln-Way East, and Lincoln-Way West. Each year the Lincoln-Way district continues to grow, gaining an average of 250 students per annum. Both Lincoln-Way Central and Lincoln-Way East are built to accommodate 3,750 students. While Lincoln-Way North and Lincoln-Way West are built to accommodate 2,500 students. During the 2007-2008 school year, Lincoln-Way East had over 4,100 students: causing massive overcrowding issues in classrooms and hallways. On March 21, 2006, voters approved - by 20% - a proposal to build 2 new schools in the next three years. Lincoln-Way North opened to Freshmen, Sophomores, and Juniors in 2008. North is located in Frankfort at the corner of Vollmer Road and Harlem, serving Frankfort Square, parts of Mokena and Tinley Park. The mascot is the Lincoln-Way North Phoenix. Their colors are Vegas gold and black. Lincoln-Way West opened to the same classes in 2009 in New Lenox at Illinois Highway and Gougar Road.", "One-way pair A one-way pair, one-way couple, or couplet refers to that portion of a bi-directional traffic facilitysuch as a road, bus, streetcar, or light rail linewhere its opposing flows exist as two independent and roughly parallel facilities. In the context of roads, a one-way pair consists of two one-way streets whose flows combine on one or both ends into a single two-way street. The one-way streets may be separated by just a single block, such as in a grid network, or may be spaced further apart with intermediate parallel roads. One use of a one-way pair is to increase the vehicular capacity of a major route through a developed area such as a central business district. If not carefully treated with other traffic calming features, the benefit in vehicular capacity is offset by a potential for increased road user deaths, in particular people walking and biking. A one-way pair can be created by converting segments of two-way streets into one-way streets, which allows lanes to be added without widening. On occasion, \"couplet\" has been applied specifically to the point where the one-way streets and the two-way street meet, rather than the paired one-way streets themselves. Flows on a one-way pair may follow the traffic handedness convention of the locale, or may be switched. Following the convention allows a one-way pair to be more easily integrated into an existing network of two-way streets, as a single two-way street is effectively split into the two sides of the pair, as in the diagram below:  Interstate 78 travels along a one-way pair of surface streets, 12th Street and 14th Street, in Jersey City, New Jersey, between the end of the New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension and the Holland Tunnel, which leads into New York City, New York.", "The same technology that is used in two-way radios can be placed in other radio forms. An example of this is a wireless callbox. A wireless callbox is a device that can be used for voice communication at security gates and doors. Not only can they be used to talk to people at these entry points , personnel can remotely unlock the door so the visitor can enter. There are also customer service callboxes that can be placed around a business that a customer can use to summon help from a two-way radio equipped store employee. Another use of two-way radio technology is for a wireless PA system. A wireless PA is essentially a one-way two-way radio that enables broadcasting messages from handheld two-way radios or base station intercoms. As two-way radios became the leading method of two-way communication, industries like movie and television production companies, security companies, event companies, sporting events and others needed to find a solution to use two-way radios that was cost-effective and economically smart. Instead of buying two-way radios these companies began renting two-way radios short term and long term. The two-way radio rentals is a significant and important component of two-way radio businesses. Many have become reluctant to buy two-way radios because of the duration of their event or the necessity to save money. Renting two-way radios has brought comfort to customers in renting two-way radios because the price and non commitment to owning such two-way communication devices. Customers can rent anything from two-way radios to two-way radio equipment like speaker microphones or repeaters.", "Blackwater Way The Blackwater Way is a long-distance trail that follows the valley of the River Blackwater in Ireland. It is long and begins in Clogheen, County Tipperary and ends in Shrone, County Kerry. It is typically completed in ten days. It is designated as a National Waymarked Trail by the National Trails Office of the Irish Sports Council and is managed by Avondhu Tourism and IRD Duhallow. It consists of two trails \u2013 the Avondhu Way between Clogheen and Bweeng, County Cork and the Duhallow Way between Bween and Shrone \u2013 which have been combined to form the Blackwater Way. The Avondhu Way section crosses the Knockmealdown Mountains to reach the town of Fermoy and then crosses the northern flanks of the Nagles Mountains to reach Bweeng via Ballyhooly and Ballynamona. The Duhallow Way section crosses the Boggeragh and Derrynasaggart Mountains to reach Shrone via Millstreet. The Blackwater Way forms part of European walking route E8 which runs from Dursey Island in County Cork to Istanbul in Turkey. The Irish section incorporates the Wicklow Way, the South Leinster Way, the East Munster Way, the Blackwater Way and parts of the Kerry Way and the Beara Way. The Blackwater Way connects with the East Munster Way at Clogheen. There is no marked trail connecting the Blackwater Way with the Kerry Way; an unmarked route connects Shrone with the start of the Kerry Way in Killarney."], "answer": {"text": "It was announced on the band's Facebook page in 2015 that a new song, \"No Way Out,\" would debut on BBC Radio 1 on 17 May 2015.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is Venom?", "answer": {"text": "their fifth studio album", "answer_start": 150, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When was Venom released?", "answer": {"text": "Venom was set for release on 14 August 2015,", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How many copies did it sell?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they tour in support of Venom?", "answer": {"text": "the same day an expansive UK tour was announced.", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Were there any specific shows they did for this tour?", "answer": {"text": "London's Camden Rocks festival", "answer_start": 437, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who else played at the Camden Rocks festival?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any singles from this album?", "answer": {"text": "\"No Way Out,\"", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#0", "question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "rewrite": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran Sayyid Ruhollah M\u016bsavi Khomeini (24 September 1902 \u2013 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. On 1 February 1979 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned to Iran after 14 years in political exile. Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who had fled the country during the events of the Iranian Revolution. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade. At tender the age of 61 years old, Khomeini found the arena of leadership open following the deaths of Ayatollah Sayyed Husayn Borujerdi (1961), the leading, although quiescent, Shi'ah religious leader; and Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani (1962), an activist cleric. The clerical class had been on the defensive ever since the 1920s when the secular, anti-clerical modernizer Reza Shah Pahlavi rose to power. Reza's son Mohammad Reza Shah, instituted a \"White Revolution\", which was a further challenge to the Ulama.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum."], "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#1", "question": "What happen after returning", "rewrite": "What happen after Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While the Shah increasingly modernized Iran and claimed to retain it as a fully secular state, arbitrary arrests and torture by his secret police, the SAVAK, were used to crush all forms of political opposition. Ruhollah Khomeini, a radical Muslim cleric, became an active critic of the Shah's far-reaching series of reforms known as the \"White Revolution\". Khomeini publicly denounced the government, and was arrested and imprisoned for 18 months. After his release in 1964, he refused to apologize, and was eventually sent into exile. Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite the many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, an economic recession led to increased unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of Iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it. The 1979 Revolution, later known as the \"Islamic Revolution\", began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah. After a year of strikes and demonstrations paralyzing the country and its economy, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled to the United States, and Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile to Tehran in February 1979, forming a new government. After holding a referendum, Iran officially became an Islamic republic in April 1979. A second referendum in December 1979 approved a theocratic constitution. The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began with the 1979 Kurdish rebellion and the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan and other areas.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Fajr decade Fajr decade () is a ten-day celebration of Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran in 1979. The annual celebration is held between 1 and 11 February. Its beginning coincides with the date of Khomeini's arrival and its ending with the Iranian Revolution; a day called \"Islamic Revolution's Victory Day\" or \"22 of Bahman\". \"Dahe-ye Fajr\" marks the anniversary of the ten-day period between Khomeini's return to Iran (1 February) until the Iranian Revolution (\"22 Bahman\"; 11 February) in 1979. On 1 February 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Tehran after a period of exile in France imposed by the Shah of Iran, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. Several million people went to Mehrabad International Airport to welcome Khomeini. Khomeini then went to Behesht-e Zahra cemetery, where he gave a lecture. Khomeini said Shapour Bakhtiar's cabinet was illegal, and that he would crash in the mouth of Bakhtiar's government. Khomeini spoke to a crowd of clerics. He said; \"From the beginning, the royal regime was against reason ... each nation must determine their own destiny\". Radio Moscow reported that Iranian students living in America were opposed to American interference in Iran's internal affairs, and mounted demonstrations against the White House. A press conference attended by nearly 300 Iranian and foreign correspondents was held at 9:00 a.m. on Saturday 14 Bahman, at Allawi School No. 2. At the beginning, a summary of Khomeini's views was read, then the journalists' questions began. Khomeini's response was as follows:", "He did not stop his political activities after he was released from prison. Rezaei arrived in Tehran in 1974 to study mechanical engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology. He studied and worked at the same time. SAVAK intensified its crackdown on guerrilla groups to which he was a member. He had to abandon the university. He launched provincial branches of Mansouroun guerrilla fighters in seven provinces. When Ruhollah Khomeini returned home from exile, the Mansouroun group was tasked with protecting the revolutionary leader. After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, seven armed Muslim groups teamed up and established the Islamic Revolution Mujahideen Organization to safeguard the nascent Islamic Revolution. Although he studied mechanical engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology before the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Rezaee switched to economics after the Iran\u2013Iraq War, studying at Tehran University and received his PhD in 2001. Rezaei joined the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and later was appointed chief of its intelligence division. He was appointed as the IRGC commander by Ruhollah Khomeini, and after it grew in organizational complexity he assumed the office of IRGC's commander-in-chief on 11 September 1981, when he was 27 years old, and remained in the post until he announced his retirement from all of his military posts. He actively participated in the Iran\u2013Iraq War. In 1986, he was named member of the Supreme Defense Council. Rezaee was removed from the IRGC in 1997 due to pressures from the followers of the then president Mohammad Khatami. Another reason for his dismissal was his failure to respond to the perceived threat of attack from the US. He was replaced by Yahya Rahim Safavi. He became a member of Expediency Discernment Council and then, its secretary in August 1997. He was also appointed chair of the commission for macroeconomics and commerce."], "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#2", "question": "Did he do anything else important", "rewrite": "Other than returning, Did Ruhollah Khomeini do anything else important", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile refers to the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his \u201cWhite Revolution\u201d announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him . Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Ch\u00e2teau, Paris on 6 October 1978. In 1944 Khomeini published his first book, \"Kashf al-Asrar\" (\u201cSecrets Unveiled\u201d), attacking secularisation under Reza Shah Pahlavi and advocating for the power of Allah to establish and disestablish governments. After the death of Borujerdi in 1961, Khomeini became the leading \"Marja\"'. In January 1963, the Shah announced the White Revolution, a six-point program of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. On the other hand, he and many religious leaders considered the revolution had trends of westernizing the country and would in their mind threaten the traditional Islamic lifestyle of the common folk.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque."], "answer": {"text": "), Khomeini appointed his own competing interim prime minister, Mehdi Bazargan,", "answer_start": 1263}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen after returning", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#3", "question": "What year did he do that", "rewrite": "What year did Ruhollah Khomeini do something important in Iran", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran Sayyid Ruhollah M\u016bsavi Khomeini (24 September 1902 \u2013 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. On 1 February 1979 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned to Iran after 14 years in political exile. Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who had fled the country during the events of the Iranian Revolution. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade. At tender the age of 61 years old, Khomeini found the arena of leadership open following the deaths of Ayatollah Sayyed Husayn Borujerdi (1961), the leading, although quiescent, Shi'ah religious leader; and Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani (1962), an activist cleric. The clerical class had been on the defensive ever since the 1920s when the secular, anti-clerical modernizer Reza Shah Pahlavi rose to power. Reza's son Mohammad Reza Shah, instituted a \"White Revolution\", which was a further challenge to the Ulama.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen after returning", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else important", "answer": {"text": "), Khomeini appointed his own competing interim prime minister, Mehdi Bazargan,", "answer_start": 1263, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to returning to Iran, Are there any other interesting aspects about this article regarding Ruhollah Khomeini?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran Sayyid Ruhollah M\u016bsavi Khomeini (24 September 1902 \u2013 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. On 1 February 1979 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned to Iran after 14 years in political exile. Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who had fled the country during the events of the Iranian Revolution. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade. At tender the age of 61 years old, Khomeini found the arena of leadership open following the deaths of Ayatollah Sayyed Husayn Borujerdi (1961), the leading, although quiescent, Shi'ah religious leader; and Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani (1962), an activist cleric. The clerical class had been on the defensive ever since the 1920s when the secular, anti-clerical modernizer Reza Shah Pahlavi rose to power. Reza's son Mohammad Reza Shah, instituted a \"White Revolution\", which was a further challenge to the Ulama.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts."], "answer": {"text": "As Khomeini's movement gained momentum, soldiers began to defect to his side and Khomeini declared ill fortune on troops who did not surrender.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen after returning", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else important", "answer": {"text": "), Khomeini appointed his own competing interim prime minister, Mehdi Bazargan,", "answer_start": 1263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he do that", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#5", "question": "What else did the troops do", "rewrite": "Aside from being in Iran, What else did Ruhollah Khomeini's troops do", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran Sayyid Ruhollah M\u016bsavi Khomeini (24 September 1902 \u2013 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. On 1 February 1979 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned to Iran after 14 years in political exile. Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who had fled the country during the events of the Iranian Revolution. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade. At tender the age of 61 years old, Khomeini found the arena of leadership open following the deaths of Ayatollah Sayyed Husayn Borujerdi (1961), the leading, although quiescent, Shi'ah religious leader; and Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani (1962), an activist cleric. The clerical class had been on the defensive ever since the 1920s when the secular, anti-clerical modernizer Reza Shah Pahlavi rose to power. Reza's son Mohammad Reza Shah, instituted a \"White Revolution\", which was a further challenge to the Ulama.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum."], "answer": {"text": "On 11 February, as revolt spread and armories were taken over, the military declared neutrality and the Bakhtiar regime collapsed.", "answer_start": 144}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen after returning", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else important", "answer": {"text": "), Khomeini appointed his own competing interim prime minister, Mehdi Bazargan,", "answer_start": 1263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he do that", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "As Khomeini's movement gained momentum, soldiers began to defect to his side and Khomeini declared ill fortune on troops who did not surrender.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#6", "question": "Did anything else happen when he returned to Iran", "rewrite": "Other than being back, Did anything else happen when Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "He did not stop his political activities after he was released from prison. Rezaei arrived in Tehran in 1974 to study mechanical engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology. He studied and worked at the same time. SAVAK intensified its crackdown on guerrilla groups to which he was a member. He had to abandon the university. He launched provincial branches of Mansouroun guerrilla fighters in seven provinces. When Ruhollah Khomeini returned home from exile, the Mansouroun group was tasked with protecting the revolutionary leader. After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, seven armed Muslim groups teamed up and established the Islamic Revolution Mujahideen Organization to safeguard the nascent Islamic Revolution. Although he studied mechanical engineering at Iran University of Science and Technology before the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Rezaee switched to economics after the Iran\u2013Iraq War, studying at Tehran University and received his PhD in 2001. Rezaei joined the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and later was appointed chief of its intelligence division. He was appointed as the IRGC commander by Ruhollah Khomeini, and after it grew in organizational complexity he assumed the office of IRGC's commander-in-chief on 11 September 1981, when he was 27 years old, and remained in the post until he announced his retirement from all of his military posts. He actively participated in the Iran\u2013Iraq War. In 1986, he was named member of the Supreme Defense Council. Rezaee was removed from the IRGC in 1997 due to pressures from the followers of the then president Mohammad Khatami. Another reason for his dismissal was his failure to respond to the perceived threat of attack from the US. He was replaced by Yahya Rahim Safavi. He became a member of Expediency Discernment Council and then, its secretary in August 1997. He was also appointed chair of the commission for macroeconomics and commerce.", "Fajr decade Fajr decade () is a ten-day celebration of Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran in 1979. The annual celebration is held between 1 and 11 February. Its beginning coincides with the date of Khomeini's arrival and its ending with the Iranian Revolution; a day called \"Islamic Revolution's Victory Day\" or \"22 of Bahman\". \"Dahe-ye Fajr\" marks the anniversary of the ten-day period between Khomeini's return to Iran (1 February) until the Iranian Revolution (\"22 Bahman\"; 11 February) in 1979. On 1 February 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Tehran after a period of exile in France imposed by the Shah of Iran, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. Several million people went to Mehrabad International Airport to welcome Khomeini. Khomeini then went to Behesht-e Zahra cemetery, where he gave a lecture. Khomeini said Shapour Bakhtiar's cabinet was illegal, and that he would crash in the mouth of Bakhtiar's government. Khomeini spoke to a crowd of clerics. He said; \"From the beginning, the royal regime was against reason ... each nation must determine their own destiny\". Radio Moscow reported that Iranian students living in America were opposed to American interference in Iran's internal affairs, and mounted demonstrations against the White House. A press conference attended by nearly 300 Iranian and foreign correspondents was held at 9:00 a.m. on Saturday 14 Bahman, at Allawi School No. 2. At the beginning, a summary of Khomeini's views was read, then the journalists' questions began. Khomeini's response was as follows:", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah.", "While the Shah increasingly modernized Iran and claimed to retain it as a fully secular state, arbitrary arrests and torture by his secret police, the SAVAK, were used to crush all forms of political opposition. Ruhollah Khomeini, a radical Muslim cleric, became an active critic of the Shah's far-reaching series of reforms known as the \"White Revolution\". Khomeini publicly denounced the government, and was arrested and imprisoned for 18 months. After his release in 1964, he refused to apologize, and was eventually sent into exile. Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite the many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, an economic recession led to increased unemployment, especially among millions of youth who had migrated to the cities of Iran looking for construction jobs during the boom years of the early 1970s. By the late 1970s, many of these people opposed the Shah's regime and began to organize and join the protests against it. The 1979 Revolution, later known as the \"Islamic Revolution\", began in January 1978 with the first major demonstrations against the Shah. After a year of strikes and demonstrations paralyzing the country and its economy, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled to the United States, and Ruhollah Khomeini returned from exile to Tehran in February 1979, forming a new government. After holding a referendum, Iran officially became an Islamic republic in April 1979. A second referendum in December 1979 approved a theocratic constitution. The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began with the 1979 Kurdish rebellion and the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan and other areas."], "answer": {"text": "On 30 and 31 March 1979, a referendum to replace the monarchy with an Islamic Republic passed with 98% voting in favour of the replacement,", "answer_start": 275}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen after returning", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else important", "answer": {"text": "), Khomeini appointed his own competing interim prime minister, Mehdi Bazargan,", "answer_start": 1263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he do that", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "As Khomeini's movement gained momentum, soldiers began to defect to his side and Khomeini declared ill fortune on troops who did not surrender.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did the troops do", "answer": {"text": "On 11 February, as revolt spread and armories were taken over, the military declared neutrality and the Bakhtiar regime collapsed.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#7", "question": "What else was Ruhollah known for", "rewrite": "Other than being from Iran, What else was Ruhollah known for", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran Sayyid Ruhollah M\u016bsavi Khomeini (24 September 1902 \u2013 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. On 1 February 1979 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned to Iran after 14 years in political exile. Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who had fled the country during the events of the Iranian Revolution. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade. At tender the age of 61 years old, Khomeini found the arena of leadership open following the deaths of Ayatollah Sayyed Husayn Borujerdi (1961), the leading, although quiescent, Shi'ah religious leader; and Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani (1962), an activist cleric. The clerical class had been on the defensive ever since the 1920s when the secular, anti-clerical modernizer Reza Shah Pahlavi rose to power. Reza's son Mohammad Reza Shah, instituted a \"White Revolution\", which was a further challenge to the Ulama.", "The truck carrying Rafsanjani's coffin topped with his trademark white turban inched down Enqelab Street, one of the capital's main thoroughfares. Rafsanjani was buried next to the former supreme leader Ruhollah Khomeini. According to Iranian TV and governor of Tehran, 2.5 million attended his funeral. It was the second largest funeral in Iran and the first in the last 25 years after funeral of Ruhollah Khomeini. The Office of the Supreme Leader of Iran announced that a memorial service will be held in Beit Rahbari by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei on 11 January in memorial of Hashemi Rafsanjani. It was attended by the survivors of Rafsanjani and governmental and foreign officials. Another memorial service was also held on the same day by the Rafsanjani family in the mosque of Azad University central building. Another ceremonies was held in different cities like Qom and Rafsanjani on 12 and 13 January. A ceremony was also held at Imam Reza Shrine The 7th Day (Haftom) ceremony was also held at Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini on 15 January which crowds of the people attending. Memorial services was held by Iran's embassy at Baghdad, Kabul, London, Beirut, Tokyo, Ankara and other cities. A memorial service in honour of Rafsanjani was held on 14 January 2017 in Najaf's Imam Ali shrine which was attended by key Shiite clerics. His death is described as a \"blow\" to the reformist movement of Iran. He headed the Expediency Council, a body which is intended to resolve disputes between the parliament and a hardline watchdog body, the Guardian Council. The funeral veered slightly off script when groups of mourners started shouting opposition slogans.", "Gennadij Raivich Gennadij Raivich is a professor of perinatal neuroscience, specialising in maternal and fetal medicine. He was born in New Zealand and is a qualified doctor in Germany; although he has taught in the UK he has never practised there. In April 2013, it was revealed Raivich had been arrested by police in connection with sexual assaults. These related to his activities as a private sperm donor, often using the pseudonym 'Frank Qualman', during which he had fathered 58 children. A trial at Blackfriars Crown Court in London ended with Raivich being found guilty of two counts of sexual assault. However, he was cleared of a further eight counts of sexual assault and sexual assault by digital penetration because the jury was unable to reach a verdict. Following the trial Raivich was given a nine-month prison sentence, suspended for two years, and ordered to pay \u00a35,000 in prosecution costs. At the time of his arrest, Raivich was employed by the University College London (UCL)'s Institute for Women\u2019s Health. Following the commencement of the case against him, Raivich continued to publish scientific papers; one co-authored with UCL staff was published almost a year later in March 2014. Reporting for Times Higher Education, Jack Grove reported that: \"A UCL spokesman said that the institution 'took steps to ensure UCL\u2019s interests were protected' when it became aware of the matter. But it has refused to say whether he was suspended ahead of the court case or if his role in maternal medicine had been restricted\". Grove added that immediately after Raivich\u2019s conviction the college had refused to say what action it would be taking in relation to his employment. Raivich subsequently resigned from his post at UCL in September 2014.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah."], "answer": {"text": "Khomeini answered via his aide Sadegh Ghotbzadeh: \"Hichi\" (Nothing). This statement--much discussed at the time and since--", "answer_start": 592}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen after returning", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else important", "answer": {"text": "), Khomeini appointed his own competing interim prime minister, Mehdi Bazargan,", "answer_start": 1263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he do that", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "As Khomeini's movement gained momentum, soldiers began to defect to his side and Khomeini declared ill fortune on troops who did not surrender.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did the troops do", "answer": {"text": "On 11 February, as revolt spread and armories were taken over, the military declared neutrality and the Bakhtiar regime collapsed.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anything else happen when he returned to Iran", "answer": {"text": "On 30 and 31 March 1979, a referendum to replace the monarchy with an Islamic Republic passed with 98% voting in favour of the replacement,", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_d23945d0fd434c69a8d8ee6ca22534ee_0_q#8", "question": "What other statements was made", "rewrite": "In addition to Ruhollah Khomeini's announced returning, What other statements was made", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile Ruhollah Khomeini's life in exile refers to the period that Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini spent from 1964 to 1979 in Turkey, Iraq and France, after Mohamed Reza Shah Pahlavi had arrested him twice for dissent from his \u201cWhite Revolution\u201d announced in 1963. Ayatollah Khomeini was invited back to Iran by the government,and returned to Tehran from exile on 1979. On 4 November 1964, Khomeini was secretly taken to Ankara and then to Bursa, Turkey. On 5 September 1965, he moved to Najaf, Iraq and stayed there until Saddam Hussein deported him . Finally, he was exiled by the pressure of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Neauphle-le-Ch\u00e2teau, Paris on 6 October 1978. In 1944 Khomeini published his first book, \"Kashf al-Asrar\" (\u201cSecrets Unveiled\u201d), attacking secularisation under Reza Shah Pahlavi and advocating for the power of Allah to establish and disestablish governments. After the death of Borujerdi in 1961, Khomeini became the leading \"Marja\"'. In January 1963, the Shah announced the White Revolution, a six-point program of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. On the other hand, he and many religious leaders considered the revolution had trends of westernizing the country and would in their mind threaten the traditional Islamic lifestyle of the common folk.", "1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election The 1989 Iranian Supreme Leader election was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran. The election was held on June 4, 1989, the morning after Ruhollah Khomeini's death and Ali Khamenei was elected as his successor with 60 votes out of 74. Because of a conflict of ideology between Seyyed Ruhollah Khomeini and Housein Al-Montazeri, his accepted heir, Khomeini requested a revision of Article 109, which held that successors to Khomeini must be a \u2018source of imitation\u2019 or having held the title of Marja\u2019. The change to the constitution would not officially come until 6 August 1989, wherein a vote would reduce the qualification to having the authority to issue a fatwa. The debate within the Assembly of Experts on the constitutional change included whether the clerical qualification of Marja\u02bfiyyat present in Article 109 contributed to the quality of leadership Khomeini was seen as maintaining. The Assembly of Experts, made up of many people who were integral to the revolution of 1979 and in some cases knew Khomeini, concluded Ruhollah Khomeini\u2019s leadership was attributed in part to his religious qualifications, but mostly his political motivation and skill. As well, there were many Assembly of Experts members who vouched and voted for a leadership council to take the place of the Supreme Leader. This proposed council was to entrust the responsibilities once held by Ruhollah Khomeini to a selected few individuals voted into the position by the Assembly of Experts. Ultimately, the proposal for a leadership council was denied on several grounds, including a lack of familiarity with a multi-person executive system, and a historical failure of several councils of leaders. The election occurred in two parts.", "Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran) Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. According to doctors recommendation, the weather of Qom did not agree with him. The house of Khomeini was next to the Hussainiya in Jamaran village. The house was very small and his room was 12 square meters. The house was linked to a large mosque by a metal platform. Khomeini often walked up a flight of stairs leading from his house to the balcony of the mosque, from which he often spoke. The Jamaran village is located in the foothills of the Alborz mountains and north of Tehran. This village is near Niavaran Palace where was domicile of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On 23 January 1980, Ayatollah Khomeini went to Tehran from Qom to cure a heart ailment. He was hospitalized for thirty nine days, then he resided in the north Tehran suburb of Darband. It was not a suitable house for him. On 22 April, he took up residence in Jamaran on the suggestion of Seyyed Mahdi Imam Jamarani who was known as Imam Jamarani for leading prayers at the Jamarani mosque and spent the rest of his life there. The house was the birthplace of Imam Jamarani\u2019s mother, located near the mosque of Jamaran in Shaheed Husseinkiya street off Yasser Road. Ayatollah Khomeini delivered speeches and met foreign delegations at Jamaran mosque.", "Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini The Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini (Persian: \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc), also referred to as the holy shrine (\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631), houses the tombs of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, his wife Khadijeh Saqafi, and his second son Ahmad Khomeini; and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi. The mausoleum is located to the south of Tehran in the Behesht-e Zahra (Paradise of Zahra) cemetery. Construction commenced in 1989 following Khomeini's death on June 3 of that year. It is still under construction, but when completed will be the centerpiece in a complex spread over , housing a cultural and tourist center, a university for Islamic studies, a seminary, a shopping mall, and a 20,000-car parking lot. The Iranian government has reportedly devoted 2 billion US dollars to this development. The site is a place of pilgrimage for followers of Khomeini. It is used symbolically by government figures, and is on occasion visited by foreign dignitaries. Every year, Khomeini's death anniversary is marked on 4 June at the mausoleum in a ceremony that is attended by governmental officials, foreign ambassadors, and others. Khomeini's grandson Ayatollah Seyyed Hassan Khomeini is in charge of caring for the mausoleum. The Haram-e Motahhar Metro Station is the closest metro station to the mausoleum.", "Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini In 2016, the BBC published a report which stated that the administration of United States President Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) had extensive contact with Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his entourage in the prelude to the Iranian Revolution of 1979. The report was based on \"newly declassified US diplomatic cables\". According to the report, as mentioned by \"The Guardian\", Khomeini \"went to great lengths to ensure the Americans would not jeopardise his plans to return to Iran - and even personally wrote to US officials\". According to the report, in turn, Carter and his administration helped Khomeini and made sure that the Imperial Iranian army would not launch a military coup. The BBC report also showed a 1980 CIA analysis, which portrays Khomeini's attempts to contact the US as far back as 1963, during John F. Kennedy's administration. Iran's political \u00e9lite has dismissed these declassified reports. Ayatollah Khamenei stated that \"it was based on fabricated documents\". Ebrahim Yazdi (formerly a close associate of Khomeini) and Saeed Hajjarian viewed the BBC report with skepticism. A declassified cable shows that on 9 November 1978, William H. Sullivan, then-US ambassador to Iran alerted the Carter administration of the Shah being \"doomed\". Sullivan stated that the US should get Iran's Shah and his most senior generals to exit the country, and construct an agreement between secondary commanders and Ruhollah Khomeini. In January 1979, General Robert E. Huyser was dispatched to Iran. According to the narrative of Carter's government, Huyser was sent to promise US support for the Shah."], "answer": {"text": "opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I appoint the government.", "answer_start": 1115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Ruhollah Khomeini return to Iran", "answer": {"text": "1 February 1979, Khomeini returned in triumph to Iran, welcomed by a joyous crowd estimated (by BBC)", "answer_start": 215, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happen after returning", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini adamantly opposed the provisional government of Shapour Bakhtiar, promising \"I shall kick their teeth in. I", "answer_start": 1096, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do anything else important", "answer": {"text": "), Khomeini appointed his own competing interim prime minister, Mehdi Bazargan,", "answer_start": 1263, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he do that", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "As Khomeini's movement gained momentum, soldiers began to defect to his side and Khomeini declared ill fortune on troops who did not surrender.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else did the troops do", "answer": {"text": "On 11 February, as revolt spread and armories were taken over, the military declared neutrality and the Bakhtiar regime collapsed.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did anything else happen when he returned to Iran", "answer": {"text": "On 30 and 31 March 1979, a referendum to replace the monarchy with an Islamic Republic passed with 98% voting in favour of the replacement,", "answer_start": 275, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What else was Ruhollah known for", "answer": {"text": "Khomeini answered via his aide Sadegh Ghotbzadeh: \"Hichi\" (Nothing). This statement--much discussed at the time and since--", "answer_start": 592, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#0", "question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "rewrite": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nathan Ablett Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). A key forward, tall and weighing , Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr. Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father-son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level. Though a gifted footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of a former league superstar and brother of a rising talent. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews. Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full forward, and helped the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership, booting three goals in the record breaking Grand Final win.", "2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening.", "Geoff Ablett Geoff Ablett (born 13 March 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s and 1980s. Ablett spent the majority of his career with Hawthorn playing 202 games on the wing. Ablett finished with short stints at Richmond and St Kilda. His younger brother Gary Ablett Sr is a Hall of Fame inductee. A third brother, Kevin, also played for Hawthorn, Richmond and Geelong. Geoff Ablett was known for his burst of speed as player, winning the Grand Final Sprint competition four times. Ablett was the station president at Melbourne community radio station Casey Radio, based in the south-eastern suburbs. He held the role from late 2007. In December 2008, Ablett was elected mayor of City of Casey Council which is one of Victoria's biggest councils. His son Ryan, who was once rookie listed at Hawthorn, died in 2009 at the age of 27.  ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1973 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1974 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1975 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1976 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1977 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1978 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1979 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1980 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1981 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1982 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1983 !", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career.", "After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against , when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last. Ablett is a member of what has been called the \"Ablett dynasty\", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s, and his brother, Nathan Ablett, and cousin, Luke Ablett, both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches."], "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#1", "question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did Gary Ablett win any awards?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against , when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last. Ablett is a member of what has been called the \"Ablett dynasty\", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s, and his brother, Nathan Ablett, and cousin, Luke Ablett, both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches.", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career.", "2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening.", "Nathan Ablett Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). A key forward, tall and weighing , Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr. Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father-son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level. Though a gifted footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of a former league superstar and brother of a rising talent. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews. Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full forward, and helped the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership, booting three goals in the record breaking Grand Final win.", "Luke Ablett Luke Ablett (born 22 November 1982) is a former Australian rules footballer with the Sydney Swans of the AFL. He is the son of former Hawthorn player Kevin Ablett, who was less well known than his older brother and fellow Hawthorn player Geoff Ablett and younger brother, the legendary Geelong player Gary Ablett. He is also the cousin of current Geelong Cats player, Gary Ablett Jr.. Having played for local club Drouin and the Gippsland Under 18s side, Ablett was drafted by Sydney in the second round of the 2000 National Draft and made his debut in Round 13 of the 2002 season against Fremantle. After playing four games in both that season and the next, including two matches in the 2003 finals series, he secured a regular place in the team in 2004, and made a role for himself on his own merits as a midfielder and run-with player. In 2005 he missed only one game and steadily improved, his average possessions nearly doubling the previous year's figures. Ablett was a member of the Swans' 2005 grand final winning team, despite kicking straight to West Coast player Ben Cousins at a crucial moment, threatening to lose the game for Sydney. Being part of the premiership team had him following in the footsteps of his uncle Geoff, a two time premiership player for Hawthorn in the 1970s. Ablett now plays for the Fitzroy Football Club in Melbourne. Ablett was delisted by Sydney on 13 November 2009.  ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2002 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2003 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2004 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2005 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2006 !"], "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#2", "question": "What team did Ablett Sr. play for?", "rewrite": "What team did Gary Ablett Sr. play for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against , when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last. Ablett is a member of what has been called the \"Ablett dynasty\", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s, and his brother, Nathan Ablett, and cousin, Luke Ablett, both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches.", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career.", "Geoff Ablett Geoff Ablett (born 13 March 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s and 1980s. Ablett spent the majority of his career with Hawthorn playing 202 games on the wing. Ablett finished with short stints at Richmond and St Kilda. His younger brother Gary Ablett Sr is a Hall of Fame inductee. A third brother, Kevin, also played for Hawthorn, Richmond and Geelong. Geoff Ablett was known for his burst of speed as player, winning the Grand Final Sprint competition four times. Ablett was the station president at Melbourne community radio station Casey Radio, based in the south-eastern suburbs. He held the role from late 2007. In December 2008, Ablett was elected mayor of City of Casey Council which is one of Victoria's biggest councils. His son Ryan, who was once rookie listed at Hawthorn, died in 2009 at the age of 27.  ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1973 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1974 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1975 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1976 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1977 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1978 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1979 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1980 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1981 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1982 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1983 !", "Nathan Ablett Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). A key forward, tall and weighing , Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr. Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father-son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level. Though a gifted footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of a former league superstar and brother of a rising talent. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews. Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full forward, and helped the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership, booting three goals in the record breaking Grand Final win.", "2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#3", "question": "What are other aspects of Ablett's legacy?", "rewrite": "Besides his induction into the Australian Football Hall of Fame, what are other aspects of Gary Ablett's legacy?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening.", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career.", "Luke Ablett Luke Ablett (born 22 November 1982) is a former Australian rules footballer with the Sydney Swans of the AFL. He is the son of former Hawthorn player Kevin Ablett, who was less well known than his older brother and fellow Hawthorn player Geoff Ablett and younger brother, the legendary Geelong player Gary Ablett. He is also the cousin of current Geelong Cats player, Gary Ablett Jr.. Having played for local club Drouin and the Gippsland Under 18s side, Ablett was drafted by Sydney in the second round of the 2000 National Draft and made his debut in Round 13 of the 2002 season against Fremantle. After playing four games in both that season and the next, including two matches in the 2003 finals series, he secured a regular place in the team in 2004, and made a role for himself on his own merits as a midfielder and run-with player. In 2005 he missed only one game and steadily improved, his average possessions nearly doubling the previous year's figures. Ablett was a member of the Swans' 2005 grand final winning team, despite kicking straight to West Coast player Ben Cousins at a crucial moment, threatening to lose the game for Sydney. Being part of the premiership team had him following in the footsteps of his uncle Geoff, a two time premiership player for Hawthorn in the 1970s. Ablett now plays for the Fitzroy Football Club in Melbourne. Ablett was delisted by Sydney on 13 November 2009.  ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2002 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2003 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2004 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2005 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 2006 !", "After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against , when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last. Ablett is a member of what has been called the \"Ablett dynasty\", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s, and his brother, Nathan Ablett, and cousin, Luke Ablett, both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches.", "Nathan Ablett Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). A key forward, tall and weighing , Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr. Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father-son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level. Though a gifted footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of a former league superstar and brother of a rising talent. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews. Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full forward, and helped the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership, booting three goals in the record breaking Grand Final win."], "answer": {"text": "A noted big game player, Ablett kicked 43 goals in 11 State appearances.", "answer_start": 106}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did Ablett Sr. play for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#4", "question": "Did he win any titles or championships?", "rewrite": "Did Gary Ablett Sr. win any titles or championships?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Nathan Ablett Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). A key forward, tall and weighing , Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr. Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father-son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level. Though a gifted footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of a former league superstar and brother of a rising talent. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews. Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full forward, and helped the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership, booting three goals in the record breaking Grand Final win.", "Geoff Ablett Geoff Ablett (born 13 March 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s and 1980s. Ablett spent the majority of his career with Hawthorn playing 202 games on the wing. Ablett finished with short stints at Richmond and St Kilda. His younger brother Gary Ablett Sr is a Hall of Fame inductee. A third brother, Kevin, also played for Hawthorn, Richmond and Geelong. Geoff Ablett was known for his burst of speed as player, winning the Grand Final Sprint competition four times. Ablett was the station president at Melbourne community radio station Casey Radio, based in the south-eastern suburbs. He held the role from late 2007. In December 2008, Ablett was elected mayor of City of Casey Council which is one of Victoria's biggest councils. His son Ryan, who was once rookie listed at Hawthorn, died in 2009 at the age of 27.  ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1973 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1974 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1975 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1976 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1977 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1978 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1979 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1980 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1981 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1982 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1983 !", "After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against , when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last. Ablett is a member of what has been called the \"Ablett dynasty\", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s, and his brother, Nathan Ablett, and cousin, Luke Ablett, both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches.", "2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening.", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career."], "answer": {"text": "He was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for his performance", "answer_start": 364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did Ablett Sr. play for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are other aspects of Ablett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "A noted big game player, Ablett kicked 43 goals in 11 State appearances.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#5", "question": "Did he win any other medals or titles?", "rewrite": "Aside from the Norm Smith Medal, did Gary Ablett Sr. win any other medals or titles?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Norm Smith Medal The Norm Smith Medal is an Australian rules football award presented annually to the player adjudged the best on ground in the Grand Final of the Australian Football League (AFL). Prior to 1990 the competition was known as the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was first presented in the 1979 VFL Grand Final, and was won by Wayne Harmes, playing in Carlton's premiership victory against Collingwood. The award was named in honour of Norm Smith, a former six-time premiership coach for Melbourne. The award is usually won by a player on the winning team in the Grand Final; only four players have received the award as members of the losing teams: Maurice Rioli in 1982, Gary Ablett Sr. in 1989, Nathan Buckley in 2002 and Chris Judd in 2005. Four players, Gary Ayres (1986 and 1988), Andrew McLeod (1997 and 1998), Luke Hodge ( 2008 and 2014) and Dustin Martin (2017 and 2019), have each won the award twice. The club with the most Norm Smith Medal wins is Hawthorn, with eight awards won by players representing the team. The most recent recipient of the award is Richmond's Dustin Martin, winning in 2019. The winner is voted on by a five-member panel consisting of former players, journalists and media personalities, with one member designated as the chair. Each panellist independently awards 3 votes, 2 votes and 1 vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match respectively. These votes are tallied, and the highest number of combined votes wins the medal. There is no chance of a tie for the medal; if two players are tied for votes, the following countbacks will apply in order: Paul Chapman is the only player to win on a countback, after he and Jason Gram tied with nine votes apiece in 2009.", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career.", "2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening.", "The Norm Smith Medal was awarded to Ablett for being judged the best player afield. This is only one of four instances of a Grand Final player having won a Norm Smith Medal without being on the winning premiership team. By the end of the match, Hawthorn had only 13 fit players on the field. Scottish soccer player Ray Stewart observed the game, and was recorded to have said \"I would not play this game for a million dollars.\" Goals \"Hawthorn\": Dunstall 4, Anderson 4, Buckenara 4, Brereton 3, Curran 3, DiPierdomenico, Wittman, Morrissey Goals \"Geelong\": Ablett 9, Brownless 2, Stoneham 2, Hamilton 2, Cameron 2, Bews, Bairstow, Bruns, Flanigan Best \"Hawthorn\": Pritchard, Anderson, DiPierdomenico, Buckenara, Dunstall, Curran, Mew Best \"Geelong\": Ablett, Flanigan, Lindner, Hamilton, Bews, Couch Norm Smith Medallist: Gary Ablett (Geelong) Umpires: Sheehan, Carey  Reports:", "He held the record for most VFL/AFL games in history. Michael, like Gary Ablett Sr., had two sons who played senior AFL football. Shane played for Hawthorn from 2000 to 2002, without playing a game. He then signed for Richmond in 2004, where he stayed until 2013, having played 173 games and scored 72 goals. Travis played for Hawthorn from 2006 to 2009, playing 20 games and scoring one goal. The Ablett family collective AFL stats (end of 2018 season) - 1735 games, 2065 goals, 14 premierships, 1 Norm Smith medal, 2 Brownlows medals, 7 times club best and fairest, 7 Coleman medals, 12 times club's leading goal kicker, 14 years of club captain, 19 times All Australian. An asterisk denotes that the family member was never VFL/AFL or WAFL-listed. Non-VFL/AFL-listed family members were not included in the family tree unless they were necessary to provide a connection between family members. When the family member's surname is not stated, their surname is Ablett."], "answer": {"text": "Ablett once had a set of gates named in his honour,", "answer_start": 114}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did Ablett Sr. play for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are other aspects of Ablett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "A noted big game player, Ablett kicked 43 goals in 11 State appearances.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any titles or championships?", "answer": {"text": "He was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for his performance", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#6", "question": "Where were the gates?", "rewrite": "Where were the gates that were named in honour of Gary Ablett Sr.?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Geoff Ablett Geoff Ablett (born 13 March 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s and 1980s. Ablett spent the majority of his career with Hawthorn playing 202 games on the wing. Ablett finished with short stints at Richmond and St Kilda. His younger brother Gary Ablett Sr is a Hall of Fame inductee. A third brother, Kevin, also played for Hawthorn, Richmond and Geelong. Geoff Ablett was known for his burst of speed as player, winning the Grand Final Sprint competition four times. Ablett was the station president at Melbourne community radio station Casey Radio, based in the south-eastern suburbs. He held the role from late 2007. In December 2008, Ablett was elected mayor of City of Casey Council which is one of Victoria's biggest councils. His son Ryan, who was once rookie listed at Hawthorn, died in 2009 at the age of 27.  ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1973 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1974 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1975 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1976 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1977 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1978 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1979 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1980 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1981 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1982 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1983 !", "After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against , when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last. Ablett is a member of what has been called the \"Ablett dynasty\", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s, and his brother, Nathan Ablett, and cousin, Luke Ablett, both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches.", "2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening.", "Nathan Ablett Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). A key forward, tall and weighing , Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr. Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father-son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level. Though a gifted footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of a former league superstar and brother of a rising talent. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews. Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full forward, and helped the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership, booting three goals in the record breaking Grand Final win.", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career."], "answer": {"text": "renovated Skilled Stadium.", "answer_start": 87}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did Ablett Sr. play for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are other aspects of Ablett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "A noted big game player, Ablett kicked 43 goals in 11 State appearances.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any titles or championships?", "answer": {"text": "He was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for his performance", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any other medals or titles?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett once had a set of gates named in his honour,", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#7", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Gary Ablett's Norm Smith Medal and the gates, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Richer and more entrepreneurial clubs outbidded clubs like Geelong for talented and dedicated players. Coaches Graham Farmer and Rodney Olsson failed to develop successful teams. Despite this, club full-forward Larry Donohue became the club's third Coleman Medalist after kicking over 100 goals in 1976. During 1980, the club brought back Goggin to coach the team. Despite making multiple finals appearances in his first two seasons, the club struggled to replicate their home and away season success during the finals. After failing to make the finals in 1982, the club board sacked Goggin as coach and appointed former Richmond premiership coach Tom Hafey in his place. However the club's poor performances on the field continued under Hafey, who failed to lead Geelong to a finals series during his tenure. During his time however, Hafey helped recruit several players to the club, including Gary Ablett, Paul Couch, and Greg Williams. In 1986, the club appointed former premiership player John Devine as coach. Under Devine, the club grew accustomed to the league-wide introduction of the salary cap and AFL Draft, recruiting Barry Stoneham, Garry Hocking, Mark Bairstow and Billy Brownless. However, the club failed to make the finals during Devine's tenure and replaced him as coach with Malcolm Blight. Geelong adapted quickly to Blight's coaching philosophy, and became renowned for kicking high scores. During the 1989 season, Geelong were the only club to win matches by 100 points for three weeks in succession. The club's high scoring game plan led them into their first Grand Final since 1967, however they were defeated by Hawthorn. Gary Ablett was awarded the Norm Smith Medal after kicking nine goals and one behind, equaling the record set by Collingwood's Gordon Coventry for most goals kicked in a Grand Final.", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career.", "After beating Footscray in the qualifying final by 61 points, Geelong lost the 2nd semi final to West Coast Eagles by 38 points, then beat Footscray again in the preliminary final by 64 points. The Cats again squared off against the power of the West Coast Eagles in the Grand Final and got off to a wonderful start, at one stage during the second quarter leading by four goals. However, in the second half West Coast's Peter Matera ran riot, booting five goals and earning himself the Norm Smith Medal as best on ground. The Perth-based West Coast won by 28 points to take the first premiership won by a non-Victorian club. In 1993 the Geelong once again underachieved as Malcolm Blight experimented with more defensive tactics. For most of the season on-field performances were lacklustre as the players struggled to adapt. It was not until late in the season when Geelong reverted to its all-out attacking style of play. Several experienced players urged Blight to revert to Geelong's customary geisha style of play. Blight agreed and Geelong began to play like champions again. Frustratingly, Geelong narrowly missed the finals on percentage. In 1993 Blight decided to play Gary Ablett at Full Forward permanently. The move paid handsome dividends, as Ablett reached the second fastest century in VFL/AFL history. Ablett's most notable performances of this year included 11 goals against Melbourne, 14 against Essendon and 10 against the Adelaide Crows \u2013 all in losing sides. Tallies of 10 goal against North Melbourne, and 12 against his favourite victim, Richmond, in winning sides. 1994 proved to be a hard year for the club. The club had a good home-and-away season to finish fourth. Gary Ablett topped the goalkicking for the year easily, kicking 129 goals (including the finals) and winning his second consecutive John Coleman Medal.", "The Norm Smith Medal was awarded to Ablett for being judged the best player afield. This is only one of four instances of a Grand Final player having won a Norm Smith Medal without being on the winning premiership team. By the end of the match, Hawthorn had only 13 fit players on the field. Scottish soccer player Ray Stewart observed the game, and was recorded to have said \"I would not play this game for a million dollars.\" Goals \"Hawthorn\": Dunstall 4, Anderson 4, Buckenara 4, Brereton 3, Curran 3, DiPierdomenico, Wittman, Morrissey Goals \"Geelong\": Ablett 9, Brownless 2, Stoneham 2, Hamilton 2, Cameron 2, Bews, Bairstow, Bruns, Flanigan Best \"Hawthorn\": Pritchard, Anderson, DiPierdomenico, Buckenara, Dunstall, Curran, Mew Best \"Geelong\": Ablett, Flanigan, Lindner, Hamilton, Bews, Couch Norm Smith Medallist: Gary Ablett (Geelong) Umpires: Sheehan, Carey  Reports:", "Norm Smith Medal The Norm Smith Medal is an Australian rules football award presented annually to the player adjudged the best on ground in the Grand Final of the Australian Football League (AFL). Prior to 1990 the competition was known as the Victorian Football League (VFL). It was first presented in the 1979 VFL Grand Final, and was won by Wayne Harmes, playing in Carlton's premiership victory against Collingwood. The award was named in honour of Norm Smith, a former six-time premiership coach for Melbourne. The award is usually won by a player on the winning team in the Grand Final; only four players have received the award as members of the losing teams: Maurice Rioli in 1982, Gary Ablett Sr. in 1989, Nathan Buckley in 2002 and Chris Judd in 2005. Four players, Gary Ayres (1986 and 1988), Andrew McLeod (1997 and 1998), Luke Hodge ( 2008 and 2014) and Dustin Martin (2017 and 2019), have each won the award twice. The club with the most Norm Smith Medal wins is Hawthorn, with eight awards won by players representing the team. The most recent recipient of the award is Richmond's Dustin Martin, winning in 2019. The winner is voted on by a five-member panel consisting of former players, journalists and media personalities, with one member designated as the chair. Each panellist independently awards 3 votes, 2 votes and 1 vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match respectively. These votes are tallied, and the highest number of combined votes wins the medal. There is no chance of a tie for the medal; if two players are tied for votes, the following countbacks will apply in order: Paul Chapman is the only player to win on a countback, after he and Jason Gram tied with nine votes apiece in 2009."], "answer": {"text": "), he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1550}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did Ablett Sr. play for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are other aspects of Ablett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "A noted big game player, Ablett kicked 43 goals in 11 State appearances.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any titles or championships?", "answer": {"text": "He was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for his performance", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any other medals or titles?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett once had a set of gates named in his honour,", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where were the gates?", "answer": {"text": "renovated Skilled Stadium.", "answer_start": 87, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a7fc16c41b80401ebab5b114d4cbb3f7_1_q#8", "question": "When was he inducted into the Hall of Fame?", "rewrite": "When was Gary Ablett Sr. inducted into the Hall of Fame?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nathan Ablett Nathan Ablett (born 13 December 1985) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Gold Coast and Geelong in the Australian Football League (AFL). A key forward, tall and weighing , Nathan is the youngest son of Gary Ablett Sr and the younger brother of Gary Ablett Jr. Although a standout junior footballer, Ablett chose not to play in the TAC Cup to avoid the media attention which accompanied the preceding careers of his father and brother. After spending a year playing in country leagues, Ablett agreed to sign for Geelong (his former club) under the league's father-son rule and was selected with the 49th overall pick in the 2004 AFL Draft. Ablett made his AFL debut in 2005, and was part of the Premiership side in 2007. However, he announced his retirement from professional football at the conclusion of the 2007 season, citing a lack in desire to continue playing at the top level. Though a gifted footballer, Ablett avoided media attention surrounding his junior career by choosing not to play in the TAC Cup. He eventually decided to pursue a career in AFL football, though wary of the pressures placed on him as the son of a former league superstar and brother of a rising talent. Regarded as a shy personality both on and off the field, Ablett rarely participated in media interviews. Ablett debuted midway through the 2005 AFL season after beginning his professional football career with the Geelong reserves team in the VFL. Nathan showed improvement as a player at the end of the 2006 season in the VFL team which contested the Grand Final. By 2007, Ablett cemented his position in the senior squad at full forward, and helped the Cats capture the 2007 AFL Premiership, booting three goals in the record breaking Grand Final win.", "Geoff Ablett Geoff Ablett (born 13 March 1955) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1970s and 1980s. Ablett spent the majority of his career with Hawthorn playing 202 games on the wing. Ablett finished with short stints at Richmond and St Kilda. His younger brother Gary Ablett Sr is a Hall of Fame inductee. A third brother, Kevin, also played for Hawthorn, Richmond and Geelong. Geoff Ablett was known for his burst of speed as player, winning the Grand Final Sprint competition four times. Ablett was the station president at Melbourne community radio station Casey Radio, based in the south-eastern suburbs. He held the role from late 2007. In December 2008, Ablett was elected mayor of City of Casey Council which is one of Victoria's biggest councils. His son Ryan, who was once rookie listed at Hawthorn, died in 2009 at the age of 27.  ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1973 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1974 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1975 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center;\" | 1976 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1977 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1978 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1979 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1980 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1981 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1982 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" | 1983 !", "Gary Ablett Jr.  Gary Ablett Jr. ( born 14 May 1984) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Gold Coast Suns from 2011 to 2017. The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr. , Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father\u2013 son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Regarded as one of the greatest players of the modern era, Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA Champion Player of the Year Award winner and eight-time All-Australian. During his first stint at Geelong, Ablett won two premierships, two Carji Greeves Medals, a Geelong leading goalkicker award and the 2009 Brownlow Medal. He is also a life member of the club and has been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame. At Gold Coast, Ablett was the club's inaugural captain, holding the role for the club's first six seasons, and won four Gold Coast Suns Club Champion awards (including the first three in the club's history), two Gold Coast leading goalkicker awards and the 2013 Brownlow Medal, the first Brownlow Medal in the club's history. Between 2014 and 2018, Ablett suffered a number of setbacks through injury; despite this, Ablett has played 345 games, the second-most among active players. Gary Ablett Jr was born to Gary and Sue Ablett in the country town of Modewarre, Victoria. As the eldest boy among three other siblings, Ablett's childhood coincided with the peak of his father's footballing career.", "2009 Brownlow Medal The 2009 Brownlow Medal was the 82nd year the award was presented to the player adjudged the fairest and best player during the Australian Football League (AFL) home and away season. Gary Ablett of the Geelong Football Club won the medal by polling thirty votes during the 2009 AFL season. Ablett won the award with thirty votes, eight votes ahead of 2004 medal winner, Chris Judd. It was Ablett's first Brownlow, despite winning many other awards in the previous few years and being the Brownlow pre-count favourite for the previous three years. It was the second time in three years that a player from Geelong won the Brownlow Medal. Gary Ablett's victory in the 2009 medal followed his sixth place finish in 2007 and his third place finish in 2008. In all three years he was the favourite to win the award. Ablett polled in 13 matches, including eight best-on-ground performances. His seventh best on ground performance in round 20 confirmed his victory as his 26 votes was seven votes ahead of Judd, Brown and Hayes equal on 19 votes, with only six votes left from the remaining two rounds. During his acceptance speech, Ablett referred to his father, Australian Football Hall of Fame member Gary Ablett Sr., who despite being considered one of the best footballers players of all time, never won a Brownlow medal. The three field umpires (those umpires who control the flow of the game, as opposed to goal or boundary umpires) confer after each match and award three votes, two votes and one vote to the players they regard as the best, second best and third best in the match, respectively. The votes are kept secret until the awards night, and are read and tallied on the evening.", "After a strong start to the 2019 season, Ablett was offered a one-match suspension, which would have been the first of his career, after striking Essendon midfielder Dylan Shiel with a forearm to the head in the Cats' round 7 win; the club chose to appeal the suspension at the AFL Tribunal and was ultimately successful, maintaining Ablett's clean record. An almost identical incident occurred the following week involving North Melbourne utility Sam Wright, but Ablett was not penalised. A third incident followed a fortnight later, this time a punch to the jaw of Gold Coast midfielder Anthony Miles; he was again offered a one-match suspension, which the club chose to accept, meaning that Ablett was suspended for the first time in his career after 331 games to that point. After maintaining his good form upon his return, his best game for the year came in a best-on-ground performance round 23 against , when he accumulated 28 disposals and kicked three goals. At the end of the season, Ablett signed a one-year deal with Geelong, extending his AFL career into a nineteenth season, and announced that it would be his last. Ablett is a member of what has been called the \"Ablett dynasty\", a group of footballers all descended from Alf and Colleen Ablett. Ablett's father, Gary Ablett Sr., and two of his uncles, Kevin and Geoff Ablett, played senior VFL football from the 1970s to the 1990s, and his brother, Nathan Ablett, and cousin, Luke Ablett, both played senior football in the 2000s and 2010s. In May 2012, it was noted that, all together, Ablett's family had played a total of 900 matches, with his immediate family (Ablett, his father, and his brother) having a combined total of 500 matches."], "answer": {"text": "In 2005,", "answer_start": 1488}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is something about Gary Ablett Sr.'s legacy?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett combined strength, speed, and skill to produce many spectacular highlights and goal-kicking feats.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Ablett win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1553, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What team did Ablett Sr. play for?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are other aspects of Ablett's legacy?", "answer": {"text": "A noted big game player, Ablett kicked 43 goals in 11 State appearances.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any titles or championships?", "answer": {"text": "He was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for his performance", "answer_start": 364, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any other medals or titles?", "answer": {"text": "Ablett once had a set of gates named in his honour,", "answer_start": 114, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where were the gates?", "answer": {"text": "renovated Skilled Stadium.", "answer_start": 87, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "), he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame.", "answer_start": 1550, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_429c9cd8bcfa427ea80a9a227984eaa7_0_q#0", "question": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "rewrite": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carl Wilson (album) Carl Wilson is the self-titled debut solo album of The Beach Boys' band member, Carl Wilson. The youngest of the three Wilson brothers in the band, Carl Wilson was reportedly at this time unhappy with the progress being made by The Beach Boys creatively. So Carl, just as his brother Dennis had a few years earlier, signed a solo contract with James William Guercio's CBS-distributed Caribou Records, which four years prior put out brother Dennis's album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\", and was also the current label of The Beach Boys. The album was released on March 27, 1981 and peaked at number 185 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Of the eight tracks on the album, seven of them are written by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith, who was the wife of Carl's then manager Jerry Schilling, with the remaining track being co-written by Carl, Myrna and Michael Sun. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated", "On the Beach Boys demo of \"Kokomo\", lead vocals were performed by Mike Love and Terry Melcher. The demo harmonies include Terry Melcher, Bruce Johnston, Mike Love, and Jeff Foskett. At Disney Films' request, the \"Kokomo\" demo was \"upgraded\" to a master recording, thus requiring members of the Beach Boys to re-record the demo vocals, except for Mike Love's lead. The final recorded and released \"Kokomo\" background vocals are sung by Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston, and Al Jardine. Terry Melcher's and Jeff Foskett's background vocals (on the demo) were erased and replaced by Carl Wilson's and Al Jardine's background vocals. The final released \"Kokomo\" lead vocals are sung by Mike Love and Carl Wilson. The only active Beach Boys member not involved with the recording was Brian Wilson, who was given short notice of the recording session and not permitted by his doctor to attend. He would later appear as a backing vocalist on a Spanish version of the song and also appears on live recordings of the song, including a live concert filmed for the television show \"Full House\" (episode 028) and the 2013 live album \"Live \u2013 The 50th Anniversary Tour\". Mike Love and Terry Melcher's major contribution to the song was a re-write of Phillips and McKenzie's existing chorus and the addition of the \"Aruba, Jamaica\u2026\" lines. The Beach Boys version of the song also retained the melody of the Phillips and Mackenzie original. All four shared co-writing credits on the song.", "Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue \"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue\" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation \"Made in U.S.A.\". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has an autobiographical feel to it. The 12\" single of \"Rock 'N' Roll to the Rescue\" featured an extended remix of the song which has a lot more keyboard, heavier drum beat, and when Brian sings the verses, the music is led by the bass guitar, creating a more pop sounding version of the song, than mainstream rock like the album and 7\" version. Also, on the master tapes labels, Brian Wilson is credited as co-producer, even though it doesn't list it on the single nor the album. The video features a common Beach Boys theme of the beach, surfboards, and cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston).", "Good Timin' (Beach Boys song) \"Good Timin\u2019\" is a song written by brothers Brian and Carl Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was the second single released from the album \"L.A. (Light Album)\" (1979); the B-side was \"Love Surrounds Me\". The track was initiated during the group's sporadic sessions at Brother Studios and Caribou Ranch during 1974, with Brian contributing on the piano and harpsichord. The basic track was completed and Carl Wilson recorded the lead vocals. Initially intended for release on their next album, 15 Big Ones, it ultimately remained unreleased until 1979. Due to the negative reception following the release of the Beach Boys' unconventional disco remake of \"Here Comes the Night\", \"Good Timin'\" was hastily assembled with necessary vocal overdubs by Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston and released as a single. It was the lead track on their subsequent LA (Light Album), which was released later that year. \"Good Timin'\" was performed live on tours throughout the early 1980s following its release. Brian sang the lead vocals during the Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Tour with Al Jardine also on vocals filling in for Carl Wilson. \"Good Timin'\" reached number 40 in the U.S. during a stay of ten weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart; and peaked at number 33 on the Cash Box sales chart. It was their first single to reach the Top 40 portion of the chart in nearly three years, since \"It's OK\" in October 1976. It also reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. Sourced from sessionography archivist Craig Slowinski.", "Youngblood (Carl Wilson album) Youngblood is the second and final studio album by Carl Wilson. It was released in 1983 by Caribou Records. It was re-issued on CD on September 21, 2010. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated. Billboard (North America)"], "answer": {"text": "Carl died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, surrounded by his family, on February 6, 1998,", "answer_start": 407}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_429c9cd8bcfa427ea80a9a227984eaa7_0_q#1", "question": "Who was present at his burial?", "rewrite": "Who was present at Carl Wilson's burial?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Youngblood (Carl Wilson album) Youngblood is the second and final studio album by Carl Wilson. It was released in 1983 by Caribou Records. It was re-issued on CD on September 21, 2010. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated. Billboard (North America)", "Carl Wilson (album) Carl Wilson is the self-titled debut solo album of The Beach Boys' band member, Carl Wilson. The youngest of the three Wilson brothers in the band, Carl Wilson was reportedly at this time unhappy with the progress being made by The Beach Boys creatively. So Carl, just as his brother Dennis had a few years earlier, signed a solo contract with James William Guercio's CBS-distributed Caribou Records, which four years prior put out brother Dennis's album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\", and was also the current label of The Beach Boys. The album was released on March 27, 1981 and peaked at number 185 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Of the eight tracks on the album, seven of them are written by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith, who was the wife of Carl's then manager Jerry Schilling, with the remaining track being co-written by Carl, Myrna and Michael Sun. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated", "Good Timin' (Beach Boys song) \"Good Timin\u2019\" is a song written by brothers Brian and Carl Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was the second single released from the album \"L.A. (Light Album)\" (1979); the B-side was \"Love Surrounds Me\". The track was initiated during the group's sporadic sessions at Brother Studios and Caribou Ranch during 1974, with Brian contributing on the piano and harpsichord. The basic track was completed and Carl Wilson recorded the lead vocals. Initially intended for release on their next album, 15 Big Ones, it ultimately remained unreleased until 1979. Due to the negative reception following the release of the Beach Boys' unconventional disco remake of \"Here Comes the Night\", \"Good Timin'\" was hastily assembled with necessary vocal overdubs by Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston and released as a single. It was the lead track on their subsequent LA (Light Album), which was released later that year. \"Good Timin'\" was performed live on tours throughout the early 1980s following its release. Brian sang the lead vocals during the Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Tour with Al Jardine also on vocals filling in for Carl Wilson. \"Good Timin'\" reached number 40 in the U.S. during a stay of ten weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart; and peaked at number 33 on the Cash Box sales chart. It was their first single to reach the Top 40 portion of the chart in nearly three years, since \"It's OK\" in October 1976. It also reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. Sourced from sessionography archivist Craig Slowinski.", "On the Beach Boys demo of \"Kokomo\", lead vocals were performed by Mike Love and Terry Melcher. The demo harmonies include Terry Melcher, Bruce Johnston, Mike Love, and Jeff Foskett. At Disney Films' request, the \"Kokomo\" demo was \"upgraded\" to a master recording, thus requiring members of the Beach Boys to re-record the demo vocals, except for Mike Love's lead. The final recorded and released \"Kokomo\" background vocals are sung by Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston, and Al Jardine. Terry Melcher's and Jeff Foskett's background vocals (on the demo) were erased and replaced by Carl Wilson's and Al Jardine's background vocals. The final released \"Kokomo\" lead vocals are sung by Mike Love and Carl Wilson. The only active Beach Boys member not involved with the recording was Brian Wilson, who was given short notice of the recording session and not permitted by his doctor to attend. He would later appear as a backing vocalist on a Spanish version of the song and also appears on live recordings of the song, including a live concert filmed for the television show \"Full House\" (episode 028) and the 2013 live album \"Live \u2013 The 50th Anniversary Tour\". Mike Love and Terry Melcher's major contribution to the song was a re-write of Phillips and McKenzie's existing chorus and the addition of the \"Aruba, Jamaica\u2026\" lines. The Beach Boys version of the song also retained the melody of the Phillips and Mackenzie original. All four shared co-writing credits on the song.", "Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue \"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue\" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation \"Made in U.S.A.\". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has an autobiographical feel to it. The 12\" single of \"Rock 'N' Roll to the Rescue\" featured an extended remix of the song which has a lot more keyboard, heavier drum beat, and when Brian sings the verses, the music is led by the bass guitar, creating a more pop sounding version of the song, than mainstream rock like the album and 7\" version. Also, on the master tapes labels, Brian Wilson is credited as co-producer, even though it doesn't list it on the single nor the album. The video features a common Beach Boys theme of the beach, surfboards, and cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "answer": {"text": "Carl died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, surrounded by his family, on February 6, 1998,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_429c9cd8bcfa427ea80a9a227984eaa7_0_q#2", "question": "Where did he die?", "rewrite": "Where did Carl Wilson die?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Good Timin' (Beach Boys song) \"Good Timin\u2019\" is a song written by brothers Brian and Carl Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was the second single released from the album \"L.A. (Light Album)\" (1979); the B-side was \"Love Surrounds Me\". The track was initiated during the group's sporadic sessions at Brother Studios and Caribou Ranch during 1974, with Brian contributing on the piano and harpsichord. The basic track was completed and Carl Wilson recorded the lead vocals. Initially intended for release on their next album, 15 Big Ones, it ultimately remained unreleased until 1979. Due to the negative reception following the release of the Beach Boys' unconventional disco remake of \"Here Comes the Night\", \"Good Timin'\" was hastily assembled with necessary vocal overdubs by Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston and released as a single. It was the lead track on their subsequent LA (Light Album), which was released later that year. \"Good Timin'\" was performed live on tours throughout the early 1980s following its release. Brian sang the lead vocals during the Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Tour with Al Jardine also on vocals filling in for Carl Wilson. \"Good Timin'\" reached number 40 in the U.S. during a stay of ten weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart; and peaked at number 33 on the Cash Box sales chart. It was their first single to reach the Top 40 portion of the chart in nearly three years, since \"It's OK\" in October 1976. It also reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. Sourced from sessionography archivist Craig Slowinski.", "Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue \"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue\" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation \"Made in U.S.A.\". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has an autobiographical feel to it. The 12\" single of \"Rock 'N' Roll to the Rescue\" featured an extended remix of the song which has a lot more keyboard, heavier drum beat, and when Brian sings the verses, the music is led by the bass guitar, creating a more pop sounding version of the song, than mainstream rock like the album and 7\" version. Also, on the master tapes labels, Brian Wilson is credited as co-producer, even though it doesn't list it on the single nor the album. The video features a common Beach Boys theme of the beach, surfboards, and cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston).", "Carl Wilson (album) Carl Wilson is the self-titled debut solo album of The Beach Boys' band member, Carl Wilson. The youngest of the three Wilson brothers in the band, Carl Wilson was reportedly at this time unhappy with the progress being made by The Beach Boys creatively. So Carl, just as his brother Dennis had a few years earlier, signed a solo contract with James William Guercio's CBS-distributed Caribou Records, which four years prior put out brother Dennis's album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\", and was also the current label of The Beach Boys. The album was released on March 27, 1981 and peaked at number 185 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Of the eight tracks on the album, seven of them are written by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith, who was the wife of Carl's then manager Jerry Schilling, with the remaining track being co-written by Carl, Myrna and Michael Sun. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated", "Youngblood (Carl Wilson album) Youngblood is the second and final studio album by Carl Wilson. It was released in 1983 by Caribou Records. It was re-issued on CD on September 21, 2010. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated. Billboard (North America)", "On the Beach Boys demo of \"Kokomo\", lead vocals were performed by Mike Love and Terry Melcher. The demo harmonies include Terry Melcher, Bruce Johnston, Mike Love, and Jeff Foskett. At Disney Films' request, the \"Kokomo\" demo was \"upgraded\" to a master recording, thus requiring members of the Beach Boys to re-record the demo vocals, except for Mike Love's lead. The final recorded and released \"Kokomo\" background vocals are sung by Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston, and Al Jardine. Terry Melcher's and Jeff Foskett's background vocals (on the demo) were erased and replaced by Carl Wilson's and Al Jardine's background vocals. The final released \"Kokomo\" lead vocals are sung by Mike Love and Carl Wilson. The only active Beach Boys member not involved with the recording was Brian Wilson, who was given short notice of the recording session and not permitted by his doctor to attend. He would later appear as a backing vocalist on a Spanish version of the song and also appears on live recordings of the song, including a live concert filmed for the television show \"Full House\" (episode 028) and the 2013 live album \"Live \u2013 The 50th Anniversary Tour\". Mike Love and Terry Melcher's major contribution to the song was a re-write of Phillips and McKenzie's existing chorus and the addition of the \"Aruba, Jamaica\u2026\" lines. The Beach Boys version of the song also retained the melody of the Phillips and Mackenzie original. All four shared co-writing credits on the song."], "answer": {"text": "in Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 432}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "answer": {"text": "Carl died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, surrounded by his family, on February 6, 1998,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was present at his burial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_429c9cd8bcfa427ea80a9a227984eaa7_0_q#3", "question": "What did he achieve before death?", "rewrite": "What did Carl Wilson achieve before death?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Good Timin' (Beach Boys song) \"Good Timin\u2019\" is a song written by brothers Brian and Carl Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was the second single released from the album \"L.A. (Light Album)\" (1979); the B-side was \"Love Surrounds Me\". The track was initiated during the group's sporadic sessions at Brother Studios and Caribou Ranch during 1974, with Brian contributing on the piano and harpsichord. The basic track was completed and Carl Wilson recorded the lead vocals. Initially intended for release on their next album, 15 Big Ones, it ultimately remained unreleased until 1979. Due to the negative reception following the release of the Beach Boys' unconventional disco remake of \"Here Comes the Night\", \"Good Timin'\" was hastily assembled with necessary vocal overdubs by Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston and released as a single. It was the lead track on their subsequent LA (Light Album), which was released later that year. \"Good Timin'\" was performed live on tours throughout the early 1980s following its release. Brian sang the lead vocals during the Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Tour with Al Jardine also on vocals filling in for Carl Wilson. \"Good Timin'\" reached number 40 in the U.S. during a stay of ten weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart; and peaked at number 33 on the Cash Box sales chart. It was their first single to reach the Top 40 portion of the chart in nearly three years, since \"It's OK\" in October 1976. It also reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. Sourced from sessionography archivist Craig Slowinski.", "Carl Wilson (disambiguation) Carl Wilson (1946\u20131998) was an American singer, guitarist and composer, best known as a founding member of The Beach Boys. Carl Wilson may also refer to:", "Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue \"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue\" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation \"Made in U.S.A.\". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has an autobiographical feel to it. The 12\" single of \"Rock 'N' Roll to the Rescue\" featured an extended remix of the song which has a lot more keyboard, heavier drum beat, and when Brian sings the verses, the music is led by the bass guitar, creating a more pop sounding version of the song, than mainstream rock like the album and 7\" version. Also, on the master tapes labels, Brian Wilson is credited as co-producer, even though it doesn't list it on the single nor the album. The video features a common Beach Boys theme of the beach, surfboards, and cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston).", "On the Beach Boys demo of \"Kokomo\", lead vocals were performed by Mike Love and Terry Melcher. The demo harmonies include Terry Melcher, Bruce Johnston, Mike Love, and Jeff Foskett. At Disney Films' request, the \"Kokomo\" demo was \"upgraded\" to a master recording, thus requiring members of the Beach Boys to re-record the demo vocals, except for Mike Love's lead. The final recorded and released \"Kokomo\" background vocals are sung by Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston, and Al Jardine. Terry Melcher's and Jeff Foskett's background vocals (on the demo) were erased and replaced by Carl Wilson's and Al Jardine's background vocals. The final released \"Kokomo\" lead vocals are sung by Mike Love and Carl Wilson. The only active Beach Boys member not involved with the recording was Brian Wilson, who was given short notice of the recording session and not permitted by his doctor to attend. He would later appear as a backing vocalist on a Spanish version of the song and also appears on live recordings of the song, including a live concert filmed for the television show \"Full House\" (episode 028) and the 2013 live album \"Live \u2013 The 50th Anniversary Tour\". Mike Love and Terry Melcher's major contribution to the song was a re-write of Phillips and McKenzie's existing chorus and the addition of the \"Aruba, Jamaica\u2026\" lines. The Beach Boys version of the song also retained the melody of the Phillips and Mackenzie original. All four shared co-writing credits on the song.", "Carl Wilson (album) Carl Wilson is the self-titled debut solo album of The Beach Boys' band member, Carl Wilson. The youngest of the three Wilson brothers in the band, Carl Wilson was reportedly at this time unhappy with the progress being made by The Beach Boys creatively. So Carl, just as his brother Dennis had a few years earlier, signed a solo contract with James William Guercio's CBS-distributed Caribou Records, which four years prior put out brother Dennis's album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\", and was also the current label of The Beach Boys. The album was released on March 27, 1981 and peaked at number 185 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Of the eight tracks on the album, seven of them are written by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith, who was the wife of Carl's then manager Jerry Schilling, with the remaining track being co-written by Carl, Myrna and Michael Sun. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated"], "answer": {"text": "It was announced that Wilson's voice would be heard on a track from the reunited Beach Boys, on the album That's Why God Made the Radio (2012),", "answer_start": 1566}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "answer": {"text": "Carl died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, surrounded by his family, on February 6, 1998,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was present at his burial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he die?", "answer": {"text": "in Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_429c9cd8bcfa427ea80a9a227984eaa7_0_q#4", "question": "What was the course of his death?", "rewrite": "What was the course of Carl Wilson's death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Carl Wilson (album) Carl Wilson is the self-titled debut solo album of The Beach Boys' band member, Carl Wilson. The youngest of the three Wilson brothers in the band, Carl Wilson was reportedly at this time unhappy with the progress being made by The Beach Boys creatively. So Carl, just as his brother Dennis had a few years earlier, signed a solo contract with James William Guercio's CBS-distributed Caribou Records, which four years prior put out brother Dennis's album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\", and was also the current label of The Beach Boys. The album was released on March 27, 1981 and peaked at number 185 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Of the eight tracks on the album, seven of them are written by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith, who was the wife of Carl's then manager Jerry Schilling, with the remaining track being co-written by Carl, Myrna and Michael Sun. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated", "On the Beach Boys demo of \"Kokomo\", lead vocals were performed by Mike Love and Terry Melcher. The demo harmonies include Terry Melcher, Bruce Johnston, Mike Love, and Jeff Foskett. At Disney Films' request, the \"Kokomo\" demo was \"upgraded\" to a master recording, thus requiring members of the Beach Boys to re-record the demo vocals, except for Mike Love's lead. The final recorded and released \"Kokomo\" background vocals are sung by Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston, and Al Jardine. Terry Melcher's and Jeff Foskett's background vocals (on the demo) were erased and replaced by Carl Wilson's and Al Jardine's background vocals. The final released \"Kokomo\" lead vocals are sung by Mike Love and Carl Wilson. The only active Beach Boys member not involved with the recording was Brian Wilson, who was given short notice of the recording session and not permitted by his doctor to attend. He would later appear as a backing vocalist on a Spanish version of the song and also appears on live recordings of the song, including a live concert filmed for the television show \"Full House\" (episode 028) and the 2013 live album \"Live \u2013 The 50th Anniversary Tour\". Mike Love and Terry Melcher's major contribution to the song was a re-write of Phillips and McKenzie's existing chorus and the addition of the \"Aruba, Jamaica\u2026\" lines. The Beach Boys version of the song also retained the melody of the Phillips and Mackenzie original. All four shared co-writing credits on the song.", "Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue \"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue\" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation \"Made in U.S.A.\". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has an autobiographical feel to it. The 12\" single of \"Rock 'N' Roll to the Rescue\" featured an extended remix of the song which has a lot more keyboard, heavier drum beat, and when Brian sings the verses, the music is led by the bass guitar, creating a more pop sounding version of the song, than mainstream rock like the album and 7\" version. Also, on the master tapes labels, Brian Wilson is credited as co-producer, even though it doesn't list it on the single nor the album. The video features a common Beach Boys theme of the beach, surfboards, and cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston).", "Carl Wilson (disambiguation) Carl Wilson (1946\u20131998) was an American singer, guitarist and composer, best known as a founding member of The Beach Boys. Carl Wilson may also refer to:", "Good Timin' (Beach Boys song) \"Good Timin\u2019\" is a song written by brothers Brian and Carl Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was the second single released from the album \"L.A. (Light Album)\" (1979); the B-side was \"Love Surrounds Me\". The track was initiated during the group's sporadic sessions at Brother Studios and Caribou Ranch during 1974, with Brian contributing on the piano and harpsichord. The basic track was completed and Carl Wilson recorded the lead vocals. Initially intended for release on their next album, 15 Big Ones, it ultimately remained unreleased until 1979. Due to the negative reception following the release of the Beach Boys' unconventional disco remake of \"Here Comes the Night\", \"Good Timin'\" was hastily assembled with necessary vocal overdubs by Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston and released as a single. It was the lead track on their subsequent LA (Light Album), which was released later that year. \"Good Timin'\" was performed live on tours throughout the early 1980s following its release. Brian sang the lead vocals during the Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Tour with Al Jardine also on vocals filling in for Carl Wilson. \"Good Timin'\" reached number 40 in the U.S. during a stay of ten weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart; and peaked at number 33 on the Cash Box sales chart. It was their first single to reach the Top 40 portion of the chart in nearly three years, since \"It's OK\" in October 1976. It also reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. Sourced from sessionography archivist Craig Slowinski."], "answer": {"text": "A cigarette smoker since the age of 13, Carl was diagnosed with lung cancer after becoming ill at his vacation home in Hawaii, in early 1997.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "answer": {"text": "Carl died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, surrounded by his family, on February 6, 1998,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was present at his burial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he die?", "answer": {"text": "in Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve before death?", "answer": {"text": "It was announced that Wilson's voice would be heard on a track from the reunited Beach Boys, on the album That's Why God Made the Radio (2012),", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_429c9cd8bcfa427ea80a9a227984eaa7_0_q#5", "question": "Who took over after his death?", "rewrite": "Who took over after Carl Wilson's death?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the Beach Boys demo of \"Kokomo\", lead vocals were performed by Mike Love and Terry Melcher. The demo harmonies include Terry Melcher, Bruce Johnston, Mike Love, and Jeff Foskett. At Disney Films' request, the \"Kokomo\" demo was \"upgraded\" to a master recording, thus requiring members of the Beach Boys to re-record the demo vocals, except for Mike Love's lead. The final recorded and released \"Kokomo\" background vocals are sung by Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston, and Al Jardine. Terry Melcher's and Jeff Foskett's background vocals (on the demo) were erased and replaced by Carl Wilson's and Al Jardine's background vocals. The final released \"Kokomo\" lead vocals are sung by Mike Love and Carl Wilson. The only active Beach Boys member not involved with the recording was Brian Wilson, who was given short notice of the recording session and not permitted by his doctor to attend. He would later appear as a backing vocalist on a Spanish version of the song and also appears on live recordings of the song, including a live concert filmed for the television show \"Full House\" (episode 028) and the 2013 live album \"Live \u2013 The 50th Anniversary Tour\". Mike Love and Terry Melcher's major contribution to the song was a re-write of Phillips and McKenzie's existing chorus and the addition of the \"Aruba, Jamaica\u2026\" lines. The Beach Boys version of the song also retained the melody of the Phillips and Mackenzie original. All four shared co-writing credits on the song.", "Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue \"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue\" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation \"Made in U.S.A.\". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has an autobiographical feel to it. The 12\" single of \"Rock 'N' Roll to the Rescue\" featured an extended remix of the song which has a lot more keyboard, heavier drum beat, and when Brian sings the verses, the music is led by the bass guitar, creating a more pop sounding version of the song, than mainstream rock like the album and 7\" version. Also, on the master tapes labels, Brian Wilson is credited as co-producer, even though it doesn't list it on the single nor the album. The video features a common Beach Boys theme of the beach, surfboards, and cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston).", "Youngblood (Carl Wilson album) Youngblood is the second and final studio album by Carl Wilson. It was released in 1983 by Caribou Records. It was re-issued on CD on September 21, 2010. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated. Billboard (North America)", "Carl Wilson (album) Carl Wilson is the self-titled debut solo album of The Beach Boys' band member, Carl Wilson. The youngest of the three Wilson brothers in the band, Carl Wilson was reportedly at this time unhappy with the progress being made by The Beach Boys creatively. So Carl, just as his brother Dennis had a few years earlier, signed a solo contract with James William Guercio's CBS-distributed Caribou Records, which four years prior put out brother Dennis's album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\", and was also the current label of The Beach Boys. The album was released on March 27, 1981 and peaked at number 185 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Of the eight tracks on the album, seven of them are written by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith, who was the wife of Carl's then manager Jerry Schilling, with the remaining track being co-written by Carl, Myrna and Michael Sun. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated", "Good Timin' (Beach Boys song) \"Good Timin\u2019\" is a song written by brothers Brian and Carl Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was the second single released from the album \"L.A. (Light Album)\" (1979); the B-side was \"Love Surrounds Me\". The track was initiated during the group's sporadic sessions at Brother Studios and Caribou Ranch during 1974, with Brian contributing on the piano and harpsichord. The basic track was completed and Carl Wilson recorded the lead vocals. Initially intended for release on their next album, 15 Big Ones, it ultimately remained unreleased until 1979. Due to the negative reception following the release of the Beach Boys' unconventional disco remake of \"Here Comes the Night\", \"Good Timin'\" was hastily assembled with necessary vocal overdubs by Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston and released as a single. It was the lead track on their subsequent LA (Light Album), which was released later that year. \"Good Timin'\" was performed live on tours throughout the early 1980s following its release. Brian sang the lead vocals during the Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Tour with Al Jardine also on vocals filling in for Carl Wilson. \"Good Timin'\" reached number 40 in the U.S. during a stay of ten weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart; and peaked at number 33 on the Cash Box sales chart. It was their first single to reach the Top 40 portion of the chart in nearly three years, since \"It's OK\" in October 1976. It also reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. Sourced from sessionography archivist Craig Slowinski."], "answer": {"text": "The band harmonized with isolated vocal tracks of Carl performing \"", "answer_start": 244}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "answer": {"text": "Carl died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, surrounded by his family, on February 6, 1998,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was present at his burial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he die?", "answer": {"text": "in Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve before death?", "answer": {"text": "It was announced that Wilson's voice would be heard on a track from the reunited Beach Boys, on the album That's Why God Made the Radio (2012),", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the course of his death?", "answer": {"text": "A cigarette smoker since the age of 13, Carl was diagnosed with lung cancer after becoming ill at his vacation home in Hawaii, in early 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_429c9cd8bcfa427ea80a9a227984eaa7_0_q#6", "question": "Who did he sing with before dying?", "rewrite": "Who did Carl Wilson sing with before dying?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the Beach Boys demo of \"Kokomo\", lead vocals were performed by Mike Love and Terry Melcher. The demo harmonies include Terry Melcher, Bruce Johnston, Mike Love, and Jeff Foskett. At Disney Films' request, the \"Kokomo\" demo was \"upgraded\" to a master recording, thus requiring members of the Beach Boys to re-record the demo vocals, except for Mike Love's lead. The final recorded and released \"Kokomo\" background vocals are sung by Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Bruce Johnston, and Al Jardine. Terry Melcher's and Jeff Foskett's background vocals (on the demo) were erased and replaced by Carl Wilson's and Al Jardine's background vocals. The final released \"Kokomo\" lead vocals are sung by Mike Love and Carl Wilson. The only active Beach Boys member not involved with the recording was Brian Wilson, who was given short notice of the recording session and not permitted by his doctor to attend. He would later appear as a backing vocalist on a Spanish version of the song and also appears on live recordings of the song, including a live concert filmed for the television show \"Full House\" (episode 028) and the 2013 live album \"Live \u2013 The 50th Anniversary Tour\". Mike Love and Terry Melcher's major contribution to the song was a re-write of Phillips and McKenzie's existing chorus and the addition of the \"Aruba, Jamaica\u2026\" lines. The Beach Boys version of the song also retained the melody of the Phillips and Mackenzie original. All four shared co-writing credits on the song.", "Good Timin' (Beach Boys song) \"Good Timin\u2019\" is a song written by brothers Brian and Carl Wilson for the American rock band the Beach Boys. It was the second single released from the album \"L.A. (Light Album)\" (1979); the B-side was \"Love Surrounds Me\". The track was initiated during the group's sporadic sessions at Brother Studios and Caribou Ranch during 1974, with Brian contributing on the piano and harpsichord. The basic track was completed and Carl Wilson recorded the lead vocals. Initially intended for release on their next album, 15 Big Ones, it ultimately remained unreleased until 1979. Due to the negative reception following the release of the Beach Boys' unconventional disco remake of \"Here Comes the Night\", \"Good Timin'\" was hastily assembled with necessary vocal overdubs by Carl Wilson and Bruce Johnston and released as a single. It was the lead track on their subsequent LA (Light Album), which was released later that year. \"Good Timin'\" was performed live on tours throughout the early 1980s following its release. Brian sang the lead vocals during the Beach Boys 50th Anniversary Tour with Al Jardine also on vocals filling in for Carl Wilson. \"Good Timin'\" reached number 40 in the U.S. during a stay of ten weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart; and peaked at number 33 on the Cash Box sales chart. It was their first single to reach the Top 40 portion of the chart in nearly three years, since \"It's OK\" in October 1976. It also reached number 12 on the \"Billboard\" Adult Contemporary chart. Sourced from sessionography archivist Craig Slowinski.", "Carl Wilson (album) Carl Wilson is the self-titled debut solo album of The Beach Boys' band member, Carl Wilson. The youngest of the three Wilson brothers in the band, Carl Wilson was reportedly at this time unhappy with the progress being made by The Beach Boys creatively. So Carl, just as his brother Dennis had a few years earlier, signed a solo contract with James William Guercio's CBS-distributed Caribou Records, which four years prior put out brother Dennis's album \"Pacific Ocean Blue\", and was also the current label of The Beach Boys. The album was released on March 27, 1981 and peaked at number 185 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Of the eight tracks on the album, seven of them are written by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith, who was the wife of Carl's then manager Jerry Schilling, with the remaining track being co-written by Carl, Myrna and Michael Sun. All tracks composed by Carl Wilson and Myrna Smith; except where indicated", "In this version, Carl Wilson's 1971 lead vocal is also used to fill in a brief call-and-response gap left by the 1966 Brian Wilson vocal. This gap was originally meant to be filled by an instrumental overdub of some kind, but it was never recorded. The second version is the 1967 vocal and piano demo by Brian Wilson. Lastly is the studio-recorded 1966 solo piano/vocal demo, but remixed for stereophonic sound. The Beach Boys performed the song sporadically during the early 1970s with Carl Wilson performing lead vocals. The 2004 version of \"Surf's Up\" on \"Brian Wilson Presents Smile\" has a musical arrangement similar to the 1971 release. The vocal arrangement is slightly altered for the highest parts. This melody runs a full octave plus a minor third, sweeping up a minor sixth (five whole steps) at one point, and peaking at the second F above Middle C. As Brian was then 62, with a reduced vocal range, the part was rearranged for harmonies allowing Wilson to sing a lower part. In the concert performances, this approach was used many other times during the \"Smile\" material, with his backup singers doubling many of his parts in unison (similar to the recording technique of doubletracking), blending in and taking over for the high parts that were more difficult for Wilson to reach on stage than in the studio. The song was absent from Wilson's live sets following his \"Smile\" tour. It briefly returned on his 2013 tour with Jeff Beck as an instrumentalist; Beck's lead guitar replaced Wilson's vocals.. Wilson then brought the song back into his setlist in 2015 with him again taking the majority of the lead vocal. Beach Boys bandmate Al Jardine also takes the lead on the coda just as he did on the original Beach Boys release.", "Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue \"Rock 'n' Roll to the Rescue\" is a single released by The Beach Boys on June 9, 1986. It was recorded for their 1986 greatest hits compilation \"Made in U.S.A.\". The single reached #68 on the U.S. Billboard pop singles chart. Brian Wilson sang most of the lead vocals, with Al Jardine, and Carl Wilson both having some lines. Mike Love and Bruce Johnston did backing vocals. The group did a live version during their 1985 Farm Aid concert appearance with Mike Love, Carl Wilson and Al Jardine sharing lead vocals. The song has an autobiographical feel to it. The 12\" single of \"Rock 'N' Roll to the Rescue\" featured an extended remix of the song which has a lot more keyboard, heavier drum beat, and when Brian sings the verses, the music is led by the bass guitar, creating a more pop sounding version of the song, than mainstream rock like the album and 7\" version. Also, on the master tapes labels, Brian Wilson is credited as co-producer, even though it doesn't list it on the single nor the album. The video features a common Beach Boys theme of the beach, surfboards, and cars. The video features all (then-surviving) members of the Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, and Bruce Johnston)."], "answer": {"text": "The Beach Boys", "answer_start": 126}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Carl Wilson die?", "answer": {"text": "Carl died of lung cancer in Los Angeles, surrounded by his family, on February 6, 1998,", "answer_start": 407, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who was present at his burial?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he die?", "answer": {"text": "in Los Angeles,", "answer_start": 432, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he achieve before death?", "answer": {"text": "It was announced that Wilson's voice would be heard on a track from the reunited Beach Boys, on the album That's Why God Made the Radio (2012),", "answer_start": 1566, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the course of his death?", "answer": {"text": "A cigarette smoker since the age of 13, Carl was diagnosed with lung cancer after becoming ill at his vacation home in Hawaii, in early 1997.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who took over after his death?", "answer": {"text": "The band harmonized with isolated vocal tracks of Carl performing \"", "answer_start": 244, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf339e35765c4560b597ea3cccd24ff5_0_q#0", "question": "What happened with Ai Kago in 2011?", "rewrite": "What happened with Ai Kago in 2011?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With Ishiguro and Ichii gone, both Tanpopo and Petitmoni revised their lineups\u2014Hitomi Yoshizawa joined Petitmoni, and Ai Kago and Rika Ishikawa were added to Tanpopo. Meanwhile, Mari Yaguchi had started performing informally with Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji in concerts as Mini Moni, a group tailored towards younger audiences with all the members being less than 150 cm (about 5 ft) tall. Mika Todd of Coconuts Musume was later added into the group and Tsunku made them official. Their debut single, \"Minimoni Jankenpyon!\" , was a number one hit on the Oricon. As an idol group, they were extremely successful, drawing comparisons to the popularity of former girl idol group Speed. \"I Wish\" and \"Renai Revolution 21\" (Yuko Nakazawa's last single) continued the trend of happy pop songs becoming staple hits for the group. Morning Musume also began their tradition of performing in musicals each year, breaking new ground as idols with their musical \"\". In April 2001, group leader Yuko Nakazawa left to focus on her solo career (stating her age as a factor as well\u2014she felt it was limiting her ability to meet the physical demands of the group's activities) making Kaori Iida and Kei Yasuda Morning Musume's co-leaders. During this time, Rika Ishikawa was \"lent\" out to the rather inactive group, Country Musume. She did not officially join, but participated as a feature singers in number of their singles. By July 2001 the string of number one hits had yet to be broken with the release of the single \"The Peace!\". The Peace! features a distinctive call and response chants, with Rika Ishikawa as the center focus.", "2nd W 2nd W is the second album by the Hello! Project duo W and their first album recorded and released after its members, Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji, \"graduated\" from Morning Musume in August 2004. Unlike their first album, \"Duo U&U\", which was all cover material, \"2nd W\" contains a mix of originals (composed by mentor and Hello! Project founder Tsunku) and covers of classic Sh\u014dwa period female pop duo songs. Three of the songs, the Tsunku originals \" Ai Ii na!\" and \"Robo Kiss\" and a cover of The Peanuts's \"Koi No Fuga\", were released as singles in the months prior to the album; the latter selection was also the single released in advance of the album. Many of the songs on the album, both originals and covers, center around the topic of becoming, or about to no longer be, the age of seventeen. At the time of the album's release, Ai Kago had turned 17 a month prior, while Nozomi Tsuji would turn 18 that June. Another track, \"Da-bu-ru-yuu Joshi Koutou Gakkou Kouka\", is the mock-theme song for the fictional \"Dabaruyuu Girls Senior School\" (The nonsense word \"Dabaruyuu\" being a corruption of the duo's name) and ties in with the album cover concept depicting Kago and Tsuji at a school ceremony. The duo would release one more single while retaining their earlier cute image, \"Ai no Imi wo Oshiete!\". Their following single, \"Miss Love Tantei\", would see the pair utilizing a more mature look and sound. The first press of the album comes with three photo cards and comes in special packaging.", "After Kago departed from Up-Front Agency, her mother attempted to sign her to a new talent agency in her hometown, Nara. Later that year, Josei Seven published an interview with her mother, revealing that Kago left Japan and started residing in New York City. Kago herself later revealed that she had actually not gone to New York, but rather to Los Angeles for three months because she felt like a criminal in Japan. During her stay, she met people who encouraged her, including Winona Ryder, and was able to reflect on her situation. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008  with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled Kago Ai Live--Miseinen Hakusho (LIVE--Wei Cheng Nian Bai Shu ). On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic.", "Nozomi Tsuji  , known professionally by her birth name (born June 17, 1987) is a Japanese media personality, singer, and blogger. In 2000, she began her career as a singer for Japanese idol band Morning Musume. Tsuji later found success with related groups Mini Moni and W. She has participated in the shuffle groups 10-nin Matsuri, Odoru 11, and 11Water, H.P. All Stars, as well as being a member of the Morning Musume splinter group Morning Musume Otomegumi. Tsuji was born in Tokyo, Japan. She is the second and youngest child of two daughters. In 2000, when Tsuji was twelve years old, she auditioned for the pop group Morning Musume. Group producer Tsunku originally planned on selecting only three members; Rika Ishikawa, Hitomi Yoshizawa, and Ai Kago were chosen. He made the decision to add Tsuji as a fourth member, creating Morning Musume's fourth generation. \" Happy Summer Wedding\" was released on May 17, 2000, marking Tsuji's debut just one month before turning age thirteen. In January 2001, she formed Mini Moni with Mari Yaguchi and Ai Kago. As the youngest two members of the group, she and Kago assumed the roles of the hyperactive troublemakers of Morning Musume. The two were featured in a May 2002 duo compilation photobook, \"Tsuji Kago\". Fans took to them quickly, dubbing them \"The Twins\", based on their similar looks and personalities. They both retained these personalities for their initial years with Morning Musume, but by 2003, younger members had joined the group; Kago and Tsuji resorted to maintaining their strong friendship.", "Magibon  Margaret Lillian Adams (born August 9, 1986), better known by her stage name Magibon, is an American Internet personality and YouTube celebrity on the video-sharing website YouTube. Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but has lived in Pennsylvania as of 2008. Prior to her fame on YouTube, she learned to speak some Japanese phrases from watching Japanese television dramas, anime, and listening to Japanese music. She is not fluent in Japanese. As of the end of 2010, Magibon had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her YouTube channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of video blogs, or vlogs, lasting under one minute, with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos, Magibon speaks or sings in broken Japanese. When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied \"I don't use scripts. There's no grand plan.\" Magibon is a fan of Morning Musume, especially of former-member Ai Kago. Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, so -bon on magibon was taken from Ai Kago. In some of her YouTube videos, Magibon introduces herself by saying \"Minna-san, Konnichiwa! Magibon desu\" ( Hello, everyone, I'm Magibon). After saying this, she remains quiet until the end of the video, where she says \"Bye bye\". In Japan, Magibon has drawn comparisons for extreme similarity with Leah Dizon. In addition to appearing on a TBS Radio show in Japan, Magibon has been featured in the Japanese \"Weekly Playboy\" magazine, appearing in the February 25, 2008, April 14, 2008, 12/19 May 2008 and November 10, 2008 issues."], "answer": {"text": "Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for 100 million yen", "answer_start": 571}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_cf339e35765c4560b597ea3cccd24ff5_0_q#1", "question": "How did she know/meet Kazuyuki Ito?", "rewrite": "How did Ai Kago know/meet Kazuyuki Ito?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nozomi Tsuji  , known professionally by her birth name (born June 17, 1987) is a Japanese media personality, singer, and blogger. In 2000, she began her career as a singer for Japanese idol band Morning Musume. Tsuji later found success with related groups Mini Moni and W. She has participated in the shuffle groups 10-nin Matsuri, Odoru 11, and 11Water, H.P. All Stars, as well as being a member of the Morning Musume splinter group Morning Musume Otomegumi. Tsuji was born in Tokyo, Japan. She is the second and youngest child of two daughters. In 2000, when Tsuji was twelve years old, she auditioned for the pop group Morning Musume. Group producer Tsunku originally planned on selecting only three members; Rika Ishikawa, Hitomi Yoshizawa, and Ai Kago were chosen. He made the decision to add Tsuji as a fourth member, creating Morning Musume's fourth generation. \" Happy Summer Wedding\" was released on May 17, 2000, marking Tsuji's debut just one month before turning age thirteen. In January 2001, she formed Mini Moni with Mari Yaguchi and Ai Kago. As the youngest two members of the group, she and Kago assumed the roles of the hyperactive troublemakers of Morning Musume. The two were featured in a May 2002 duo compilation photobook, \"Tsuji Kago\". Fans took to them quickly, dubbing them \"The Twins\", based on their similar looks and personalities. They both retained these personalities for their initial years with Morning Musume, but by 2003, younger members had joined the group; Kago and Tsuji resorted to maintaining their strong friendship.", "Throughout the second half of 2010, Kago became unhappy with the direction of her work. Around the same time, she began dating restaurant owner Haruhiko Ando, who acted as an in-between for her agency and herself. Since beginning a relationship with Ando, Kago cancelled several jobs at the last minute, causing her agency to suspend her activities. Despite this, she participated in a live performance and opened a separate blog without permission. Kago parted ways with R&A Promotions in November 2010 despite her contract ending in March 2013. As a response, in 2011, Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for 100 million yen in damages for contract violations. During that time, Kago's career was also derailed by her personal life. In September 2011, Ando was arrested for alleged extortion and claiming to have connections with the yakuza. In the same month, Kago was rushed to a nearby hospital after agency officials found her on the floor of her apartment with cuts to her wrists. Her life was reported to be not in danger, though there were speculations that it was a planned suicide. Following the incident, she and Ando registered their marriage, and Kago became pregnant. After spending 2012 out of the public eye with the birth of her daughter, Minami, Kago transferred to a new agency in 2013. Planning to revive her music career, she formed an idol group, which was later named Girls Beat!! The group would be crowd-sourced using lyrics, music, and costume ideas submitted by fans. Remi Kita and Ryona Himeno were recruited as the other two members after passing the auditions. Girls Beat!! released their first single, \"Sekai Seifuku\" on July 22, 2014.", "After Kago departed from Up-Front Agency, her mother attempted to sign her to a new talent agency in her hometown, Nara. Later that year, Josei Seven published an interview with her mother, revealing that Kago left Japan and started residing in New York City. Kago herself later revealed that she had actually not gone to New York, but rather to Los Angeles for three months because she felt like a criminal in Japan. During her stay, she met people who encouraged her, including Winona Ryder, and was able to reflect on her situation. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008  with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled Kago Ai Live--Miseinen Hakusho (LIVE--Wei Cheng Nian Bai Shu ). On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic.", "2nd W 2nd W is the second album by the Hello! Project duo W and their first album recorded and released after its members, Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji, \"graduated\" from Morning Musume in August 2004. Unlike their first album, \"Duo U&U\", which was all cover material, \"2nd W\" contains a mix of originals (composed by mentor and Hello! Project founder Tsunku) and covers of classic Sh\u014dwa period female pop duo songs. Three of the songs, the Tsunku originals \" Ai Ii na!\" and \"Robo Kiss\" and a cover of The Peanuts's \"Koi No Fuga\", were released as singles in the months prior to the album; the latter selection was also the single released in advance of the album. Many of the songs on the album, both originals and covers, center around the topic of becoming, or about to no longer be, the age of seventeen. At the time of the album's release, Ai Kago had turned 17 a month prior, while Nozomi Tsuji would turn 18 that June. Another track, \"Da-bu-ru-yuu Joshi Koutou Gakkou Kouka\", is the mock-theme song for the fictional \"Dabaruyuu Girls Senior School\" (The nonsense word \"Dabaruyuu\" being a corruption of the duo's name) and ties in with the album cover concept depicting Kago and Tsuji at a school ceremony. The duo would release one more single while retaining their earlier cute image, \"Ai no Imi wo Oshiete!\". Their following single, \"Miss Love Tantei\", would see the pair utilizing a more mature look and sound. The first press of the album comes with three photo cards and comes in special packaging.", "Magibon  Margaret Lillian Adams (born August 9, 1986), better known by her stage name Magibon, is an American Internet personality and YouTube celebrity on the video-sharing website YouTube. Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but has lived in Pennsylvania as of 2008. Prior to her fame on YouTube, she learned to speak some Japanese phrases from watching Japanese television dramas, anime, and listening to Japanese music. She is not fluent in Japanese. As of the end of 2010, Magibon had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her YouTube channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of video blogs, or vlogs, lasting under one minute, with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos, Magibon speaks or sings in broken Japanese. When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied \"I don't use scripts. There's no grand plan.\" Magibon is a fan of Morning Musume, especially of former-member Ai Kago. Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, so -bon on magibon was taken from Ai Kago. In some of her YouTube videos, Magibon introduces herself by saying \"Minna-san, Konnichiwa! Magibon desu\" ( Hello, everyone, I'm Magibon). After saying this, she remains quiet until the end of the video, where she says \"Bye bye\". In Japan, Magibon has drawn comparisons for extreme similarity with Leah Dizon. In addition to appearing on a TBS Radio show in Japan, Magibon has been featured in the Japanese \"Weekly Playboy\" magazine, appearing in the February 25, 2008, April 14, 2008, 12/19 May 2008 and November 10, 2008 issues."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Ai Kago in 2011?", "answer": {"text": "Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for 100 million yen", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf339e35765c4560b597ea3cccd24ff5_0_q#2", "question": "What struggles did she have?", "rewrite": "What struggles did Ai Kago have?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With Ishiguro and Ichii gone, both Tanpopo and Petitmoni revised their lineups\u2014Hitomi Yoshizawa joined Petitmoni, and Ai Kago and Rika Ishikawa were added to Tanpopo. Meanwhile, Mari Yaguchi had started performing informally with Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji in concerts as Mini Moni, a group tailored towards younger audiences with all the members being less than 150 cm (about 5 ft) tall. Mika Todd of Coconuts Musume was later added into the group and Tsunku made them official. Their debut single, \"Minimoni Jankenpyon!\" , was a number one hit on the Oricon. As an idol group, they were extremely successful, drawing comparisons to the popularity of former girl idol group Speed. \"I Wish\" and \"Renai Revolution 21\" (Yuko Nakazawa's last single) continued the trend of happy pop songs becoming staple hits for the group. Morning Musume also began their tradition of performing in musicals each year, breaking new ground as idols with their musical \"\". In April 2001, group leader Yuko Nakazawa left to focus on her solo career (stating her age as a factor as well\u2014she felt it was limiting her ability to meet the physical demands of the group's activities) making Kaori Iida and Kei Yasuda Morning Musume's co-leaders. During this time, Rika Ishikawa was \"lent\" out to the rather inactive group, Country Musume. She did not officially join, but participated as a feature singers in number of their singles. By July 2001 the string of number one hits had yet to be broken with the release of the single \"The Peace!\". The Peace! features a distinctive call and response chants, with Rika Ishikawa as the center focus.", "Magibon  Margaret Lillian Adams (born August 9, 1986), better known by her stage name Magibon, is an American Internet personality and YouTube celebrity on the video-sharing website YouTube. Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but has lived in Pennsylvania as of 2008. Prior to her fame on YouTube, she learned to speak some Japanese phrases from watching Japanese television dramas, anime, and listening to Japanese music. She is not fluent in Japanese. As of the end of 2010, Magibon had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her YouTube channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of video blogs, or vlogs, lasting under one minute, with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos, Magibon speaks or sings in broken Japanese. When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied \"I don't use scripts. There's no grand plan.\" Magibon is a fan of Morning Musume, especially of former-member Ai Kago. Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, so -bon on magibon was taken from Ai Kago. In some of her YouTube videos, Magibon introduces herself by saying \"Minna-san, Konnichiwa! Magibon desu\" ( Hello, everyone, I'm Magibon). After saying this, she remains quiet until the end of the video, where she says \"Bye bye\". In Japan, Magibon has drawn comparisons for extreme similarity with Leah Dizon. In addition to appearing on a TBS Radio show in Japan, Magibon has been featured in the Japanese \"Weekly Playboy\" magazine, appearing in the February 25, 2008, April 14, 2008, 12/19 May 2008 and November 10, 2008 issues.", "Nozomi Tsuji  , known professionally by her birth name (born June 17, 1987) is a Japanese media personality, singer, and blogger. In 2000, she began her career as a singer for Japanese idol band Morning Musume. Tsuji later found success with related groups Mini Moni and W. She has participated in the shuffle groups 10-nin Matsuri, Odoru 11, and 11Water, H.P. All Stars, as well as being a member of the Morning Musume splinter group Morning Musume Otomegumi. Tsuji was born in Tokyo, Japan. She is the second and youngest child of two daughters. In 2000, when Tsuji was twelve years old, she auditioned for the pop group Morning Musume. Group producer Tsunku originally planned on selecting only three members; Rika Ishikawa, Hitomi Yoshizawa, and Ai Kago were chosen. He made the decision to add Tsuji as a fourth member, creating Morning Musume's fourth generation. \" Happy Summer Wedding\" was released on May 17, 2000, marking Tsuji's debut just one month before turning age thirteen. In January 2001, she formed Mini Moni with Mari Yaguchi and Ai Kago. As the youngest two members of the group, she and Kago assumed the roles of the hyperactive troublemakers of Morning Musume. The two were featured in a May 2002 duo compilation photobook, \"Tsuji Kago\". Fans took to them quickly, dubbing them \"The Twins\", based on their similar looks and personalities. They both retained these personalities for their initial years with Morning Musume, but by 2003, younger members had joined the group; Kago and Tsuji resorted to maintaining their strong friendship.", "After Kago departed from Up-Front Agency, her mother attempted to sign her to a new talent agency in her hometown, Nara. Later that year, Josei Seven published an interview with her mother, revealing that Kago left Japan and started residing in New York City. Kago herself later revealed that she had actually not gone to New York, but rather to Los Angeles for three months because she felt like a criminal in Japan. During her stay, she met people who encouraged her, including Winona Ryder, and was able to reflect on her situation. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008  with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled Kago Ai Live--Miseinen Hakusho (LIVE--Wei Cheng Nian Bai Shu ). On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic.", "2nd W 2nd W is the second album by the Hello! Project duo W and their first album recorded and released after its members, Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji, \"graduated\" from Morning Musume in August 2004. Unlike their first album, \"Duo U&U\", which was all cover material, \"2nd W\" contains a mix of originals (composed by mentor and Hello! Project founder Tsunku) and covers of classic Sh\u014dwa period female pop duo songs. Three of the songs, the Tsunku originals \" Ai Ii na!\" and \"Robo Kiss\" and a cover of The Peanuts's \"Koi No Fuga\", were released as singles in the months prior to the album; the latter selection was also the single released in advance of the album. Many of the songs on the album, both originals and covers, center around the topic of becoming, or about to no longer be, the age of seventeen. At the time of the album's release, Ai Kago had turned 17 a month prior, while Nozomi Tsuji would turn 18 that June. Another track, \"Da-bu-ru-yuu Joshi Koutou Gakkou Kouka\", is the mock-theme song for the fictional \"Dabaruyuu Girls Senior School\" (The nonsense word \"Dabaruyuu\" being a corruption of the duo's name) and ties in with the album cover concept depicting Kago and Tsuji at a school ceremony. The duo would release one more single while retaining their earlier cute image, \"Ai no Imi wo Oshiete!\". Their following single, \"Miss Love Tantei\", would see the pair utilizing a more mature look and sound. The first press of the album comes with three photo cards and comes in special packaging."], "answer": {"text": "Kago was rushed to a nearby hospital after agency officials found her on the floor of her apartment with cuts to her wrists.", "answer_start": 941}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Ai Kago in 2011?", "answer": {"text": "Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for 100 million yen", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she know/meet Kazuyuki Ito?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf339e35765c4560b597ea3cccd24ff5_0_q#3", "question": "Why did she cut her wrists?", "rewrite": "Why did Ai Kago cut her wrists?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2nd W 2nd W is the second album by the Hello! Project duo W and their first album recorded and released after its members, Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji, \"graduated\" from Morning Musume in August 2004. Unlike their first album, \"Duo U&U\", which was all cover material, \"2nd W\" contains a mix of originals (composed by mentor and Hello! Project founder Tsunku) and covers of classic Sh\u014dwa period female pop duo songs. Three of the songs, the Tsunku originals \" Ai Ii na!\" and \"Robo Kiss\" and a cover of The Peanuts's \"Koi No Fuga\", were released as singles in the months prior to the album; the latter selection was also the single released in advance of the album. Many of the songs on the album, both originals and covers, center around the topic of becoming, or about to no longer be, the age of seventeen. At the time of the album's release, Ai Kago had turned 17 a month prior, while Nozomi Tsuji would turn 18 that June. Another track, \"Da-bu-ru-yuu Joshi Koutou Gakkou Kouka\", is the mock-theme song for the fictional \"Dabaruyuu Girls Senior School\" (The nonsense word \"Dabaruyuu\" being a corruption of the duo's name) and ties in with the album cover concept depicting Kago and Tsuji at a school ceremony. The duo would release one more single while retaining their earlier cute image, \"Ai no Imi wo Oshiete!\". Their following single, \"Miss Love Tantei\", would see the pair utilizing a more mature look and sound. The first press of the album comes with three photo cards and comes in special packaging.", "Nozomi Tsuji  , known professionally by her birth name (born June 17, 1987) is a Japanese media personality, singer, and blogger. In 2000, she began her career as a singer for Japanese idol band Morning Musume. Tsuji later found success with related groups Mini Moni and W. She has participated in the shuffle groups 10-nin Matsuri, Odoru 11, and 11Water, H.P. All Stars, as well as being a member of the Morning Musume splinter group Morning Musume Otomegumi. Tsuji was born in Tokyo, Japan. She is the second and youngest child of two daughters. In 2000, when Tsuji was twelve years old, she auditioned for the pop group Morning Musume. Group producer Tsunku originally planned on selecting only three members; Rika Ishikawa, Hitomi Yoshizawa, and Ai Kago were chosen. He made the decision to add Tsuji as a fourth member, creating Morning Musume's fourth generation. \" Happy Summer Wedding\" was released on May 17, 2000, marking Tsuji's debut just one month before turning age thirteen. In January 2001, she formed Mini Moni with Mari Yaguchi and Ai Kago. As the youngest two members of the group, she and Kago assumed the roles of the hyperactive troublemakers of Morning Musume. The two were featured in a May 2002 duo compilation photobook, \"Tsuji Kago\". Fans took to them quickly, dubbing them \"The Twins\", based on their similar looks and personalities. They both retained these personalities for their initial years with Morning Musume, but by 2003, younger members had joined the group; Kago and Tsuji resorted to maintaining their strong friendship.", "After Kago departed from Up-Front Agency, her mother attempted to sign her to a new talent agency in her hometown, Nara. Later that year, Josei Seven published an interview with her mother, revealing that Kago left Japan and started residing in New York City. Kago herself later revealed that she had actually not gone to New York, but rather to Los Angeles for three months because she felt like a criminal in Japan. During her stay, she met people who encouraged her, including Winona Ryder, and was able to reflect on her situation. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008  with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled Kago Ai Live--Miseinen Hakusho (LIVE--Wei Cheng Nian Bai Shu ). On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic.", "With Ishiguro and Ichii gone, both Tanpopo and Petitmoni revised their lineups\u2014Hitomi Yoshizawa joined Petitmoni, and Ai Kago and Rika Ishikawa were added to Tanpopo. Meanwhile, Mari Yaguchi had started performing informally with Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji in concerts as Mini Moni, a group tailored towards younger audiences with all the members being less than 150 cm (about 5 ft) tall. Mika Todd of Coconuts Musume was later added into the group and Tsunku made them official. Their debut single, \"Minimoni Jankenpyon!\" , was a number one hit on the Oricon. As an idol group, they were extremely successful, drawing comparisons to the popularity of former girl idol group Speed. \"I Wish\" and \"Renai Revolution 21\" (Yuko Nakazawa's last single) continued the trend of happy pop songs becoming staple hits for the group. Morning Musume also began their tradition of performing in musicals each year, breaking new ground as idols with their musical \"\". In April 2001, group leader Yuko Nakazawa left to focus on her solo career (stating her age as a factor as well\u2014she felt it was limiting her ability to meet the physical demands of the group's activities) making Kaori Iida and Kei Yasuda Morning Musume's co-leaders. During this time, Rika Ishikawa was \"lent\" out to the rather inactive group, Country Musume. She did not officially join, but participated as a feature singers in number of their singles. By July 2001 the string of number one hits had yet to be broken with the release of the single \"The Peace!\". The Peace! features a distinctive call and response chants, with Rika Ishikawa as the center focus.", "Magibon  Margaret Lillian Adams (born August 9, 1986), better known by her stage name Magibon, is an American Internet personality and YouTube celebrity on the video-sharing website YouTube. Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but has lived in Pennsylvania as of 2008. Prior to her fame on YouTube, she learned to speak some Japanese phrases from watching Japanese television dramas, anime, and listening to Japanese music. She is not fluent in Japanese. As of the end of 2010, Magibon had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her YouTube channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of video blogs, or vlogs, lasting under one minute, with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos, Magibon speaks or sings in broken Japanese. When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied \"I don't use scripts. There's no grand plan.\" Magibon is a fan of Morning Musume, especially of former-member Ai Kago. Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, so -bon on magibon was taken from Ai Kago. In some of her YouTube videos, Magibon introduces herself by saying \"Minna-san, Konnichiwa! Magibon desu\" ( Hello, everyone, I'm Magibon). After saying this, she remains quiet until the end of the video, where she says \"Bye bye\". In Japan, Magibon has drawn comparisons for extreme similarity with Leah Dizon. In addition to appearing on a TBS Radio show in Japan, Magibon has been featured in the Japanese \"Weekly Playboy\" magazine, appearing in the February 25, 2008, April 14, 2008, 12/19 May 2008 and November 10, 2008 issues."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Ai Kago in 2011?", "answer": {"text": "Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for 100 million yen", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she know/meet Kazuyuki Ito?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What struggles did she have?", "answer": {"text": "Kago was rushed to a nearby hospital after agency officials found her on the floor of her apartment with cuts to her wrists.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf339e35765c4560b597ea3cccd24ff5_0_q#4", "question": "Does it say what happened after the cut wrists?", "rewrite": "What happened after Ai Kago's cut wrists?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Magibon  Margaret Lillian Adams (born August 9, 1986), better known by her stage name Magibon, is an American Internet personality and YouTube celebrity on the video-sharing website YouTube. Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but has lived in Pennsylvania as of 2008. Prior to her fame on YouTube, she learned to speak some Japanese phrases from watching Japanese television dramas, anime, and listening to Japanese music. She is not fluent in Japanese. As of the end of 2010, Magibon had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her YouTube channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of video blogs, or vlogs, lasting under one minute, with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos, Magibon speaks or sings in broken Japanese. When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied \"I don't use scripts. There's no grand plan.\" Magibon is a fan of Morning Musume, especially of former-member Ai Kago. Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, so -bon on magibon was taken from Ai Kago. In some of her YouTube videos, Magibon introduces herself by saying \"Minna-san, Konnichiwa! Magibon desu\" ( Hello, everyone, I'm Magibon). After saying this, she remains quiet until the end of the video, where she says \"Bye bye\". In Japan, Magibon has drawn comparisons for extreme similarity with Leah Dizon. In addition to appearing on a TBS Radio show in Japan, Magibon has been featured in the Japanese \"Weekly Playboy\" magazine, appearing in the February 25, 2008, April 14, 2008, 12/19 May 2008 and November 10, 2008 issues.", "2nd W 2nd W is the second album by the Hello! Project duo W and their first album recorded and released after its members, Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji, \"graduated\" from Morning Musume in August 2004. Unlike their first album, \"Duo U&U\", which was all cover material, \"2nd W\" contains a mix of originals (composed by mentor and Hello! Project founder Tsunku) and covers of classic Sh\u014dwa period female pop duo songs. Three of the songs, the Tsunku originals \" Ai Ii na!\" and \"Robo Kiss\" and a cover of The Peanuts's \"Koi No Fuga\", were released as singles in the months prior to the album; the latter selection was also the single released in advance of the album. Many of the songs on the album, both originals and covers, center around the topic of becoming, or about to no longer be, the age of seventeen. At the time of the album's release, Ai Kago had turned 17 a month prior, while Nozomi Tsuji would turn 18 that June. Another track, \"Da-bu-ru-yuu Joshi Koutou Gakkou Kouka\", is the mock-theme song for the fictional \"Dabaruyuu Girls Senior School\" (The nonsense word \"Dabaruyuu\" being a corruption of the duo's name) and ties in with the album cover concept depicting Kago and Tsuji at a school ceremony. The duo would release one more single while retaining their earlier cute image, \"Ai no Imi wo Oshiete!\". Their following single, \"Miss Love Tantei\", would see the pair utilizing a more mature look and sound. The first press of the album comes with three photo cards and comes in special packaging.", "Rika Ishikawa  , is a Japanese idol, actress and model associated with Hello! Project and best known as a former member of the pop group Morning Musume. She was the leader of the Japanese pop idol trio v-u-den until June 2008. She has performed as a solo singer, as a member of the Japanese pop idol group Ongaku Gatas, in the pop duo Hangry & Angry as Angry, and as a current member of Dream Morning Musume. Rika Ishikawa was born on January 19, 1985, in Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. Ishikawa joined Morning Musume as a fourth generation member along with Hitomi Yoshizawa, Nozomi Tsuji, and Ai Kago, and made her debut in 2000 along with the rest of the fourth generation on the band's tenth single, \"Happy Summer Wedding\". In 2001, simultaneously with her Morning Musume obligations, Ishikawa became a featured member of the then-semi-dormant Hello! Project pop group Country Musume and a second-generation member of Morning Musume's first subgroup, Tanpopo. She also participated in her first shuffle group, 3-nin Matsuri, with fellow Morning Musume/Tanpopo member Ai Kago and solo singer Aya Matsuura (previously, she had acted as a replacement member in the 2000 shuffle group Aoiro 7). One of Ishikawa's most referenced vocal parts during her Morning Musume days was a frantic spoken-word piece in the middle eight of their 2003 single \"Shabondama\". She also performed a spoken-word piece at the end of the song \"The Peace!\", which she has said was one of her favorite Morning Musume moments. In September 2004, her new trio, v-u-den, released their debut single.", "After Kago departed from Up-Front Agency, her mother attempted to sign her to a new talent agency in her hometown, Nara. Later that year, Josei Seven published an interview with her mother, revealing that Kago left Japan and started residing in New York City. Kago herself later revealed that she had actually not gone to New York, but rather to Los Angeles for three months because she felt like a criminal in Japan. During her stay, she met people who encouraged her, including Winona Ryder, and was able to reflect on her situation. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008  with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled Kago Ai Live--Miseinen Hakusho (LIVE--Wei Cheng Nian Bai Shu ). On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic.", "Nozomi Tsuji  , known professionally by her birth name (born June 17, 1987) is a Japanese media personality, singer, and blogger. In 2000, she began her career as a singer for Japanese idol band Morning Musume. Tsuji later found success with related groups Mini Moni and W. She has participated in the shuffle groups 10-nin Matsuri, Odoru 11, and 11Water, H.P. All Stars, as well as being a member of the Morning Musume splinter group Morning Musume Otomegumi. Tsuji was born in Tokyo, Japan. She is the second and youngest child of two daughters. In 2000, when Tsuji was twelve years old, she auditioned for the pop group Morning Musume. Group producer Tsunku originally planned on selecting only three members; Rika Ishikawa, Hitomi Yoshizawa, and Ai Kago were chosen. He made the decision to add Tsuji as a fourth member, creating Morning Musume's fourth generation. \" Happy Summer Wedding\" was released on May 17, 2000, marking Tsuji's debut just one month before turning age thirteen. In January 2001, she formed Mini Moni with Mari Yaguchi and Ai Kago. As the youngest two members of the group, she and Kago assumed the roles of the hyperactive troublemakers of Morning Musume. The two were featured in a May 2002 duo compilation photobook, \"Tsuji Kago\". Fans took to them quickly, dubbing them \"The Twins\", based on their similar looks and personalities. They both retained these personalities for their initial years with Morning Musume, but by 2003, younger members had joined the group; Kago and Tsuji resorted to maintaining their strong friendship."], "answer": {"text": "Her life was reported to be not in danger, though there were speculations that it was a planned suicide.", "answer_start": 1066}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Ai Kago in 2011?", "answer": {"text": "Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for 100 million yen", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she know/meet Kazuyuki Ito?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What struggles did she have?", "answer": {"text": "Kago was rushed to a nearby hospital after agency officials found her on the floor of her apartment with cuts to her wrists.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she cut her wrists?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_cf339e35765c4560b597ea3cccd24ff5_0_q#5", "question": "Does it say why she was going to commit suicide?", "rewrite": "Why did Ai Kago try to commit suicide?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After Kago departed from Up-Front Agency, her mother attempted to sign her to a new talent agency in her hometown, Nara. Later that year, Josei Seven published an interview with her mother, revealing that Kago left Japan and started residing in New York City. Kago herself later revealed that she had actually not gone to New York, but rather to Los Angeles for three months because she felt like a criminal in Japan. During her stay, she met people who encouraged her, including Winona Ryder, and was able to reflect on her situation. She also considered suicide and cut her wrists. Kago made a well-publicized return to the entertainment industry in 2008  with plans of pursuing an acting career. She began appearing in multiple Hong Kong movies, including Kung Fu Chefs. On August 25, 2008, Kago released a book entitled Kago Ai Live--Miseinen Hakusho (LIVE--Wei Cheng Nian Bai Shu ). On her blog, she described the book as \"a book where I talk to young teens about their various troubles and dreams.\" During 2009, Kago also focused on rebuilding her music career. On June 24, 2009, she released her first solo single \"No HesitAtIon\" [sic] on independent record label In Da Groove. On February 16, 2010, she held her first jazz concert at bar JZ Brat in Tokyo. Kago's first jazz album, Ai Kago meets Jazz: The First Door, was released on March 31, 2010 through P-Vine Records and Avex Marketing. In August 2010 she was invited to perform at music festival Summer Sonic.", "With Ishiguro and Ichii gone, both Tanpopo and Petitmoni revised their lineups\u2014Hitomi Yoshizawa joined Petitmoni, and Ai Kago and Rika Ishikawa were added to Tanpopo. Meanwhile, Mari Yaguchi had started performing informally with Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji in concerts as Mini Moni, a group tailored towards younger audiences with all the members being less than 150 cm (about 5 ft) tall. Mika Todd of Coconuts Musume was later added into the group and Tsunku made them official. Their debut single, \"Minimoni Jankenpyon!\" , was a number one hit on the Oricon. As an idol group, they were extremely successful, drawing comparisons to the popularity of former girl idol group Speed. \"I Wish\" and \"Renai Revolution 21\" (Yuko Nakazawa's last single) continued the trend of happy pop songs becoming staple hits for the group. Morning Musume also began their tradition of performing in musicals each year, breaking new ground as idols with their musical \"\". In April 2001, group leader Yuko Nakazawa left to focus on her solo career (stating her age as a factor as well\u2014she felt it was limiting her ability to meet the physical demands of the group's activities) making Kaori Iida and Kei Yasuda Morning Musume's co-leaders. During this time, Rika Ishikawa was \"lent\" out to the rather inactive group, Country Musume. She did not officially join, but participated as a feature singers in number of their singles. By July 2001 the string of number one hits had yet to be broken with the release of the single \"The Peace!\". The Peace! features a distinctive call and response chants, with Rika Ishikawa as the center focus.", "Nozomi Tsuji  , known professionally by her birth name (born June 17, 1987) is a Japanese media personality, singer, and blogger. In 2000, she began her career as a singer for Japanese idol band Morning Musume. Tsuji later found success with related groups Mini Moni and W. She has participated in the shuffle groups 10-nin Matsuri, Odoru 11, and 11Water, H.P. All Stars, as well as being a member of the Morning Musume splinter group Morning Musume Otomegumi. Tsuji was born in Tokyo, Japan. She is the second and youngest child of two daughters. In 2000, when Tsuji was twelve years old, she auditioned for the pop group Morning Musume. Group producer Tsunku originally planned on selecting only three members; Rika Ishikawa, Hitomi Yoshizawa, and Ai Kago were chosen. He made the decision to add Tsuji as a fourth member, creating Morning Musume's fourth generation. \" Happy Summer Wedding\" was released on May 17, 2000, marking Tsuji's debut just one month before turning age thirteen. In January 2001, she formed Mini Moni with Mari Yaguchi and Ai Kago. As the youngest two members of the group, she and Kago assumed the roles of the hyperactive troublemakers of Morning Musume. The two were featured in a May 2002 duo compilation photobook, \"Tsuji Kago\". Fans took to them quickly, dubbing them \"The Twins\", based on their similar looks and personalities. They both retained these personalities for their initial years with Morning Musume, but by 2003, younger members had joined the group; Kago and Tsuji resorted to maintaining their strong friendship.", "Magibon  Margaret Lillian Adams (born August 9, 1986), better known by her stage name Magibon, is an American Internet personality and YouTube celebrity on the video-sharing website YouTube. Margaret Lillian Adams was born in Florida, but has lived in Pennsylvania as of 2008. Prior to her fame on YouTube, she learned to speak some Japanese phrases from watching Japanese television dramas, anime, and listening to Japanese music. She is not fluent in Japanese. As of the end of 2010, Magibon had uploaded nearly 100 videos onto her YouTube channel since July 2006. Almost all her videos are in the form of video blogs, or vlogs, lasting under one minute, with most of them just showing her smiling silently into the camera. In a few of her videos, Magibon speaks or sings in broken Japanese. When asked whether she planned making the videos, she replied \"I don't use scripts. There's no grand plan.\" Magibon is a fan of Morning Musume, especially of former-member Ai Kago. Ai Kago's nickname is Aibon, so -bon on magibon was taken from Ai Kago. In some of her YouTube videos, Magibon introduces herself by saying \"Minna-san, Konnichiwa! Magibon desu\" ( Hello, everyone, I'm Magibon). After saying this, she remains quiet until the end of the video, where she says \"Bye bye\". In Japan, Magibon has drawn comparisons for extreme similarity with Leah Dizon. In addition to appearing on a TBS Radio show in Japan, Magibon has been featured in the Japanese \"Weekly Playboy\" magazine, appearing in the February 25, 2008, April 14, 2008, 12/19 May 2008 and November 10, 2008 issues.", "2nd W 2nd W is the second album by the Hello! Project duo W and their first album recorded and released after its members, Ai Kago and Nozomi Tsuji, \"graduated\" from Morning Musume in August 2004. Unlike their first album, \"Duo U&U\", which was all cover material, \"2nd W\" contains a mix of originals (composed by mentor and Hello! Project founder Tsunku) and covers of classic Sh\u014dwa period female pop duo songs. Three of the songs, the Tsunku originals \" Ai Ii na!\" and \"Robo Kiss\" and a cover of The Peanuts's \"Koi No Fuga\", were released as singles in the months prior to the album; the latter selection was also the single released in advance of the album. Many of the songs on the album, both originals and covers, center around the topic of becoming, or about to no longer be, the age of seventeen. At the time of the album's release, Ai Kago had turned 17 a month prior, while Nozomi Tsuji would turn 18 that June. Another track, \"Da-bu-ru-yuu Joshi Koutou Gakkou Kouka\", is the mock-theme song for the fictional \"Dabaruyuu Girls Senior School\" (The nonsense word \"Dabaruyuu\" being a corruption of the duo's name) and ties in with the album cover concept depicting Kago and Tsuji at a school ceremony. The duo would release one more single while retaining their earlier cute image, \"Ai no Imi wo Oshiete!\". Their following single, \"Miss Love Tantei\", would see the pair utilizing a more mature look and sound. The first press of the album comes with three photo cards and comes in special packaging."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Ai Kago in 2011?", "answer": {"text": "Kazuyuki Ito, president of Mainstream (an associate of R&A Promotions), declared that the agency planned on suing for 100 million yen", "answer_start": 571, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did she know/meet Kazuyuki Ito?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What struggles did she have?", "answer": {"text": "Kago was rushed to a nearby hospital after agency officials found her on the floor of her apartment with cuts to her wrists.", "answer_start": 941, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did she cut her wrists?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does it say what happened after the cut wrists?", "answer": {"text": "Her life was reported to be not in danger, though there were speculations that it was a planned suicide.", "answer_start": 1066, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90021dfac5e340359c9d372fb6d0f729_0_q#0", "question": "What achievements did Paul Bowles have?", "rewrite": "What achievements did Paul Bowles have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rodrigo Rey Rosa Rey Rosa was born in Guatemala City in 1958 into a middle-class family. He recalled that in his childhood he traveled extensively with his parents throughout Mexico and Central America, as well as through Europe. It wasn't until the age of eighteen that he traveled alone, just after finishing high school, to London, Germany (where he had to work to earn money to continue his travels), and Spain. Upon his return, he lived one further year in Guatemala before leaving (in 1979) because of unrest, and emigrated to New York. There he enrolled at the School of Visual Arts, attracted by its summer writing workshop with Paul Bowles in Tangier. Rey Rosa dropped out in 1983. Rey Rosa has based many of his writings and stories on legends and myths that are indigenous to Latin American as well as North Africa. A number of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into English, including; \"The Path Doubles Back\" (by Paul Bowles), \"Dust on her Tongue\", \"The Pelcari Project,\" \"The Beggar's Knife\", \"The African Shore\", and \"Severina\". Along with his longer writings, he has also written a number of short stories that have been printed in college-level text books, such as \"Worlds of Fiction, Second edition\" By Roberta Rubenstein and Charles R. Larson. A few of these short stories include \"The Proof\", and \"The Good Cripple\". Many of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into seven languages. In the early 1980s, Rey Rosa went to Morocco and became a literary protege of American expatriate writer Paul Bowles, who later translated several of Rey Rosa's works into English. When Bowles died in 1999, Rey Rosa became an executor of his literary estate.", "He later described her voice as poor but nonetheless startlingly effective:  Due to her acquaintanceship with Isherwood, Ross would later become immortalized as \"a bittersweet English \" named Sally Bowles in Isherwood's 1937 novella and his 1939 book \"Goodbye to Berlin\". While in Isherwood's company, she was introduced to American writer Paul Bowles when he briefly visited Berlin. Bowles was a gay American writer who would later garner acclaim for his post-colonial novel \"The Sheltering Sky\". This first meeting between Jean Ross and Paul Bowles ostensibly made a considerable impression upon Isherwood as he later used Paul Bowles' surname as the pseudonym for the character of Sally Bowles based upon Ross. Isherwood later noted that Ross was \"more essentially British than Sally [Bowles]; she grumbled like a true Englishwoman, with her 'grin-and-bear- it' grin. And she was tougher.\" Although Isherwood sometimes did have sex with women, Ross\u2014unlike the fictional character of Sally\u2014never tried to seduce Isherwood, although they were forced to share a bed together when their flat became overcrowded with visiting revelers. Instead Isherwood settled into a same-sex relationship with a working-class German young man named Heinz Neddermeyer, while Ross entered into a variety of heterosexual liaisons including one with \"a tall blond Jewish musician\" G\u00f6tz von Eick, later known as actor Peter van Eyck and star of Henri-Georges Clouzot's \"The Wages of Fear\". When Eyck met Ross, he earned his livelihood as a jazz pianist in Berlin cabarets while Ross sang to his music. Either during their brief relationship or soonafter their separation, Ross realized she was pregnant.", "She has stated that the documentary \"allows you to reflect on ... things that are happening in the real world in a way that is creative\". Her films often attempt to investigate problems within documentary film form. She says: \"There has to be some kind of mystery as well - a meta-level problem that the film becomes a response to. Our Paul Bowles film is about the impossibility of biography. The Holier It Gets is about the perils of confessional work, and The True Meaning of Pictures is about issues of representation. Manufactured Landscapes, proceeding from Edward Burtynsky's photographs, is about changing consciousness through witnessing the places we are all responsible for, but normally never get to see.\"  Baichwal's production company has produced most of her films, along with other short films and documentaries including \"The Hockey Nomad\" and \"Black Code\", the latter of which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2016. Many of her films' subjects are artists of other mediums than film. In an interview with the Seventh Art, Baichwal mentions how she is drawn to artists, stating: \"There is something about art that can't be paraphrased and just living in the complexity of that world is very rich for me...\" In 2016, Baichwal was named a member of the Toronto International Film Festival Board of Directors. Since their initial collaboration in 1995 and with the exception of \"Manufactured Landscapes\", all of Baichwal's films have been shot by her husband Nick de Pencier. \"Looking You in the Back of the Head\" is a short television documentary produced in 1995 featuring 13 Canadian women exploring what they think of their own identity. \"Let it Come Down: The Life of Paul Bowles\" is a documentary biography on the American writer Paul Bowles.", "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music. In his \"Introduction\" to Bowles' Collected Stories (1979,) Gore Vidal ranked the short stories as \"among the best ever written by an American\", writing: \"the floor to this ramshackle civilization that we have built cannot bear much longer our weight. It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\". Critics have described his music, in contrast, \"as full of light as the fiction [is] of dark...almost as if the composer were a totally different person from the writer.\" During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland; his music from this period \"is reminiscent of Satie and Poulenc.\" Returning to New York in the mid-30s, Bowles became one of the preeminent composers of American theater music, producing works for William Saroyan, Tennessee Williams, and others, \"show[ing] exceptional skill and imagination in capturing the mood, emotion, and ambience of each play to which he was assigned.\" Bowles said that such incidental music allowed him to present \"climaxless music, hypnotic music in one of the exact senses of the word, in that it makes its effect without the spectator being made aware of it.\" At the same time he continued to write concert music, assimilating some of the melodic, rhythmic, and other stylistic elements of African, Mexican, and Central American music. In 1991 Paul Bowles was awarded the annual Rea Award for the Short Story. The jury gave the following citation: \"Paul Bowles is a storyteller of the utmost purity and integrity.", "Jane Bowles Jane Bowles (; born Jane Sydney Auer; February 22, 1917 \u2013 May 4, 1973) was an American writer and playwright. Born into a Jewish family in New York City on February 22, 1917, to Sydney Auer (father) and Claire Stajer (mother), Jane Bowles spent her childhood in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island. She'd had a bad knee from birth, which was later broken from falling off a horse when she was a teenager. After knee surgery, she developed tuberculous arthritis, and her mother took her to Switzerland for treatment, where she attended boarding school. She also attended Julia Richmond High School in New York and Stoneleigh school for girls in Greenfield, Massachusetts. At this point in her life, she developed a passion for literature coupled with insecurities. She developed phobias of dogs, sharks, mountains, jungles, elevators, and being burned alive. During the mid-thirties she returned to New York, where she gravitated to the intellectual bohemia of Greenwich Village. She married composer and writer Paul Bowles in 1938. The location of the honeymoon inspired the setting for her novel \"Two Serious Ladies\". Bowles had a rich love life. In 1937, she met Paul Bowles and in following year (1938), they were married and went to a honeymoon in Central America. She visited lesbian bars while they traveled together in Paris. The marriage was a sexual marriage for about a year and a half. After the initial year, Jane and Paul were platonic companions. They both were bisexual, and mainly preferred to have sex outside of their marriage. They were unashamed of their bisexuality, and marriage allowed them to express it. After this, Jane and Paul went to Mexico where Jane later met Helvetia Perkins, who became her lover."], "answer": {"text": "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_90021dfac5e340359c9d372fb6d0f729_0_q#1", "question": "How did he shape it?", "rewrite": "How did Paul Bowles shape 20th-century literature and music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music. In his \"Introduction\" to Bowles' Collected Stories (1979,) Gore Vidal ranked the short stories as \"among the best ever written by an American\", writing: \"the floor to this ramshackle civilization that we have built cannot bear much longer our weight. It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\". Critics have described his music, in contrast, \"as full of light as the fiction [is] of dark...almost as if the composer were a totally different person from the writer.\" During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland; his music from this period \"is reminiscent of Satie and Poulenc.\" Returning to New York in the mid-30s, Bowles became one of the preeminent composers of American theater music, producing works for William Saroyan, Tennessee Williams, and others, \"show[ing] exceptional skill and imagination in capturing the mood, emotion, and ambience of each play to which he was assigned.\" Bowles said that such incidental music allowed him to present \"climaxless music, hypnotic music in one of the exact senses of the word, in that it makes its effect without the spectator being made aware of it.\" At the same time he continued to write concert music, assimilating some of the melodic, rhythmic, and other stylistic elements of African, Mexican, and Central American music. In 1991 Paul Bowles was awarded the annual Rea Award for the Short Story. The jury gave the following citation: \"Paul Bowles is a storyteller of the utmost purity and integrity.", "Rodrigo Rey Rosa Rey Rosa was born in Guatemala City in 1958 into a middle-class family. He recalled that in his childhood he traveled extensively with his parents throughout Mexico and Central America, as well as through Europe. It wasn't until the age of eighteen that he traveled alone, just after finishing high school, to London, Germany (where he had to work to earn money to continue his travels), and Spain. Upon his return, he lived one further year in Guatemala before leaving (in 1979) because of unrest, and emigrated to New York. There he enrolled at the School of Visual Arts, attracted by its summer writing workshop with Paul Bowles in Tangier. Rey Rosa dropped out in 1983. Rey Rosa has based many of his writings and stories on legends and myths that are indigenous to Latin American as well as North Africa. A number of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into English, including; \"The Path Doubles Back\" (by Paul Bowles), \"Dust on her Tongue\", \"The Pelcari Project,\" \"The Beggar's Knife\", \"The African Shore\", and \"Severina\". Along with his longer writings, he has also written a number of short stories that have been printed in college-level text books, such as \"Worlds of Fiction, Second edition\" By Roberta Rubenstein and Charles R. Larson. A few of these short stories include \"The Proof\", and \"The Good Cripple\". Many of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into seven languages. In the early 1980s, Rey Rosa went to Morocco and became a literary protege of American expatriate writer Paul Bowles, who later translated several of Rey Rosa's works into English. When Bowles died in 1999, Rey Rosa became an executor of his literary estate.", "She has stated that the documentary \"allows you to reflect on ... things that are happening in the real world in a way that is creative\". Her films often attempt to investigate problems within documentary film form. She says: \"There has to be some kind of mystery as well - a meta-level problem that the film becomes a response to. Our Paul Bowles film is about the impossibility of biography. The Holier It Gets is about the perils of confessional work, and The True Meaning of Pictures is about issues of representation. Manufactured Landscapes, proceeding from Edward Burtynsky's photographs, is about changing consciousness through witnessing the places we are all responsible for, but normally never get to see.\"  Baichwal's production company has produced most of her films, along with other short films and documentaries including \"The Hockey Nomad\" and \"Black Code\", the latter of which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2016. Many of her films' subjects are artists of other mediums than film. In an interview with the Seventh Art, Baichwal mentions how she is drawn to artists, stating: \"There is something about art that can't be paraphrased and just living in the complexity of that world is very rich for me...\" In 2016, Baichwal was named a member of the Toronto International Film Festival Board of Directors. Since their initial collaboration in 1995 and with the exception of \"Manufactured Landscapes\", all of Baichwal's films have been shot by her husband Nick de Pencier. \"Looking You in the Back of the Head\" is a short television documentary produced in 1995 featuring 13 Canadian women exploring what they think of their own identity. \"Let it Come Down: The Life of Paul Bowles\" is a documentary biography on the American writer Paul Bowles.", "He later described her voice as poor but nonetheless startlingly effective:  Due to her acquaintanceship with Isherwood, Ross would later become immortalized as \"a bittersweet English \" named Sally Bowles in Isherwood's 1937 novella and his 1939 book \"Goodbye to Berlin\". While in Isherwood's company, she was introduced to American writer Paul Bowles when he briefly visited Berlin. Bowles was a gay American writer who would later garner acclaim for his post-colonial novel \"The Sheltering Sky\". This first meeting between Jean Ross and Paul Bowles ostensibly made a considerable impression upon Isherwood as he later used Paul Bowles' surname as the pseudonym for the character of Sally Bowles based upon Ross. Isherwood later noted that Ross was \"more essentially British than Sally [Bowles]; she grumbled like a true Englishwoman, with her 'grin-and-bear- it' grin. And she was tougher.\" Although Isherwood sometimes did have sex with women, Ross\u2014unlike the fictional character of Sally\u2014never tried to seduce Isherwood, although they were forced to share a bed together when their flat became overcrowded with visiting revelers. Instead Isherwood settled into a same-sex relationship with a working-class German young man named Heinz Neddermeyer, while Ross entered into a variety of heterosexual liaisons including one with \"a tall blond Jewish musician\" G\u00f6tz von Eick, later known as actor Peter van Eyck and star of Henri-Georges Clouzot's \"The Wages of Fear\". When Eyck met Ross, he earned his livelihood as a jazz pianist in Berlin cabarets while Ross sang to his music. Either during their brief relationship or soonafter their separation, Ross realized she was pregnant.", "Jane Bowles Jane Bowles (; born Jane Sydney Auer; February 22, 1917 \u2013 May 4, 1973) was an American writer and playwright. Born into a Jewish family in New York City on February 22, 1917, to Sydney Auer (father) and Claire Stajer (mother), Jane Bowles spent her childhood in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island. She'd had a bad knee from birth, which was later broken from falling off a horse when she was a teenager. After knee surgery, she developed tuberculous arthritis, and her mother took her to Switzerland for treatment, where she attended boarding school. She also attended Julia Richmond High School in New York and Stoneleigh school for girls in Greenfield, Massachusetts. At this point in her life, she developed a passion for literature coupled with insecurities. She developed phobias of dogs, sharks, mountains, jungles, elevators, and being burned alive. During the mid-thirties she returned to New York, where she gravitated to the intellectual bohemia of Greenwich Village. She married composer and writer Paul Bowles in 1938. The location of the honeymoon inspired the setting for her novel \"Two Serious Ladies\". Bowles had a rich love life. In 1937, she met Paul Bowles and in following year (1938), they were married and went to a honeymoon in Central America. She visited lesbian bars while they traveled together in Paris. The marriage was a sexual marriage for about a year and a half. After the initial year, Jane and Paul were platonic companions. They both were bisexual, and mainly preferred to have sex outside of their marriage. They were unashamed of their bisexuality, and marriage allowed them to express it. After this, Jane and Paul went to Mexico where Jane later met Helvetia Perkins, who became her lover."], "answer": {"text": "It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\".", "answer_start": 346}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What achievements did Paul Bowles have?", "answer": {"text": "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90021dfac5e340359c9d372fb6d0f729_0_q#2", "question": "Did you find anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Did you find anything else interesting besides how Paul Bowles helped to shape 20th-century literature and music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["From 2003 to 2006, Bowles was President of Massachusetts Institute for a New Commonwealth (MassINC), a nonpartisan think tank based in Boston, and Publisher of CommonWealth magazine. On December 15, 2006, Governor-elect Deval Patrick named Bowles Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs. Previously known as the Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, the Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs was created by Cabinet restructuring legislation that took effect April 11, 2007, adding oversight of the two energy regulatory agencies, the Department of Energy Resources and the Department of Public Utilities. Massachusetts was the first state in the nation to combine oversight of energy and environment into one Cabinet agency. As Secretary, Bowles helped guide the passing of the Green Communities Act and four other major pieces of energy and environmental legislation into law in 2008. These bills put Massachusetts at the top of state rankings in American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy's energy efficiency scorecard in 2011, where it has stayed ever since. Under the Global Warming Solutions Act, Bowles set the most stringent greenhouse gas reduction requirement in the nation at 25 percent below 1990 levels by 2020. Bowles also oversaw the first state ocean management plan, as required by the Oceans Act. Under the state's Green Jobs Act, Massachusetts established a new quasi-government authority, the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center, to promote renewable energy and clean energy job creation, of which Bowles was its first chairman. Bowles was at the center of key regulatory decisions related to Cape Wind, which was the nation's first proposed offshore wind energy development, having approved the project's state environmental review in 2007 and chairing the state energy siting board that gave the project its key permit. Bowles stepped down as secretary in 2011.", "He later described her voice as poor but nonetheless startlingly effective:  Due to her acquaintanceship with Isherwood, Ross would later become immortalized as \"a bittersweet English \" named Sally Bowles in Isherwood's 1937 novella and his 1939 book \"Goodbye to Berlin\". While in Isherwood's company, she was introduced to American writer Paul Bowles when he briefly visited Berlin. Bowles was a gay American writer who would later garner acclaim for his post-colonial novel \"The Sheltering Sky\". This first meeting between Jean Ross and Paul Bowles ostensibly made a considerable impression upon Isherwood as he later used Paul Bowles' surname as the pseudonym for the character of Sally Bowles based upon Ross. Isherwood later noted that Ross was \"more essentially British than Sally [Bowles]; she grumbled like a true Englishwoman, with her 'grin-and-bear- it' grin. And she was tougher.\" Although Isherwood sometimes did have sex with women, Ross\u2014unlike the fictional character of Sally\u2014never tried to seduce Isherwood, although they were forced to share a bed together when their flat became overcrowded with visiting revelers. Instead Isherwood settled into a same-sex relationship with a working-class German young man named Heinz Neddermeyer, while Ross entered into a variety of heterosexual liaisons including one with \"a tall blond Jewish musician\" G\u00f6tz von Eick, later known as actor Peter van Eyck and star of Henri-Georges Clouzot's \"The Wages of Fear\". When Eyck met Ross, he earned his livelihood as a jazz pianist in Berlin cabarets while Ross sang to his music. Either during their brief relationship or soonafter their separation, Ross realized she was pregnant.", "Denzel Bowles Denzel Bowles (born May 1, 1989) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He is a James Madison University alumni. Bowles began his professional career with BC \u0160iauliai of the Lithuanian League. There, he averaged 12.6 points per game and 6.4 rebounds per game while playing in 12 games. In May 6, 2012, Bowles helped the B-Meg Llamados to win the 2012 PBA Commissioner's Cup championship. He was fouled with 1.2 seconds left in the seventh game of the championship series, and nailed both free throws to send the game into overtime and win 90-84. Bowles finished that game with 39 points and 21 rebounds. Bowles signed in September 2012 to play for the Zhejiang Golden Bulls of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). In the middle of 2013, Bowles returned to the Philippines for the second time as an import for his former team in the country, now renamed as the San Mig Coffee Mixers, for the 2013 PBA Commissioner's Cup. Bowles signed in 2013 to play for the Jilin Northeast Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) after playing for the New Orleans Hornets team in the NBA Summer League. In March 8, 2014, Bowles signed with the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League. In September 21, 2014, he signed again with the Jilin Northeast Tigers. On February 21, 2015, he signed with the Purefoods Star Hotshots to replace Daniel Orton after Orton was suspended for a remark Orton made about Manny Pacquiao playing in the league. On October 13, 2015, Bowles signed with Marinos de Anzo\u00e1tegui of the Liga Profesional de Baloncesto, Venezuela's premier basketball league.", "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music. In his \"Introduction\" to Bowles' Collected Stories (1979,) Gore Vidal ranked the short stories as \"among the best ever written by an American\", writing: \"the floor to this ramshackle civilization that we have built cannot bear much longer our weight. It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\". Critics have described his music, in contrast, \"as full of light as the fiction [is] of dark...almost as if the composer were a totally different person from the writer.\" During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland; his music from this period \"is reminiscent of Satie and Poulenc.\" Returning to New York in the mid-30s, Bowles became one of the preeminent composers of American theater music, producing works for William Saroyan, Tennessee Williams, and others, \"show[ing] exceptional skill and imagination in capturing the mood, emotion, and ambience of each play to which he was assigned.\" Bowles said that such incidental music allowed him to present \"climaxless music, hypnotic music in one of the exact senses of the word, in that it makes its effect without the spectator being made aware of it.\" At the same time he continued to write concert music, assimilating some of the melodic, rhythmic, and other stylistic elements of African, Mexican, and Central American music. In 1991 Paul Bowles was awarded the annual Rea Award for the Short Story. The jury gave the following citation: \"Paul Bowles is a storyteller of the utmost purity and integrity.", "Erskine Bowles Erskine Boyce Bowles (born August 8, 1945) is an American businessman and political figure from North Carolina. He served from 2005 to 2010 as the president of the University of North Carolina system. In 1997\u201398 he served as White House Chief of Staff and he also ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate from North Carolina in 2002 and 2004. In 2010, Bowles served as the Democratic co-chair of President Barack Obama's National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform with Alan K. Simpson. Bowles and Simpson founded an advocacy group, The Campaign to Fix the Debt. Bowles was born and raised in Greensboro, North Carolina, and is the son of Jessamine Woodward Boyce Bowles and the late Skipper Bowles, a Democratic politician who ran unsuccessfully for Governor of North Carolina in 1972. Siblings include Hargrove Bowles III, Mary Holland Bowles Blanton and the late Martha Thomas Bowles. Bowles graduated from Virginia Episcopal School before attending the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Zeta Psi fraternity and graduated with a business degree. After briefly serving in the United States Coast Guard, Bowles then enrolled in Columbia Business School, where he earned an MBA. Following graduation, Bowles worked for the financial firm Morgan Stanley in New York City, where he met his future wife, Crandall Close. The two married in 1971 and moved to North Carolina, where Bowles worked on his father's 1972 gubernatorial campaign. Crandall and Erskine have three children: Sam, Annie, and Bill. In 1975, Bowles helped launch the investment banking firm of Bowles Hollowell Conner, and remained in the corporate sector until the 1990s. In 1992, Bowles became more involved in politics as a fundraiser for Bill Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign. President Clinton appointed Bowles to head the Small Business Administration in 1993."], "answer": {"text": "During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland;", "answer_start": 673}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What achievements did Paul Bowles have?", "answer": {"text": "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he shape it?", "answer": {"text": "It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\".", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90021dfac5e340359c9d372fb6d0f729_0_q#3", "question": "Where did he study?", "rewrite": "Where did Paul Bowles study?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He later described her voice as poor but nonetheless startlingly effective:  Due to her acquaintanceship with Isherwood, Ross would later become immortalized as \"a bittersweet English \" named Sally Bowles in Isherwood's 1937 novella and his 1939 book \"Goodbye to Berlin\". While in Isherwood's company, she was introduced to American writer Paul Bowles when he briefly visited Berlin. Bowles was a gay American writer who would later garner acclaim for his post-colonial novel \"The Sheltering Sky\". This first meeting between Jean Ross and Paul Bowles ostensibly made a considerable impression upon Isherwood as he later used Paul Bowles' surname as the pseudonym for the character of Sally Bowles based upon Ross. Isherwood later noted that Ross was \"more essentially British than Sally [Bowles]; she grumbled like a true Englishwoman, with her 'grin-and-bear- it' grin. And she was tougher.\" Although Isherwood sometimes did have sex with women, Ross\u2014unlike the fictional character of Sally\u2014never tried to seduce Isherwood, although they were forced to share a bed together when their flat became overcrowded with visiting revelers. Instead Isherwood settled into a same-sex relationship with a working-class German young man named Heinz Neddermeyer, while Ross entered into a variety of heterosexual liaisons including one with \"a tall blond Jewish musician\" G\u00f6tz von Eick, later known as actor Peter van Eyck and star of Henri-Georges Clouzot's \"The Wages of Fear\". When Eyck met Ross, he earned his livelihood as a jazz pianist in Berlin cabarets while Ross sang to his music. Either during their brief relationship or soonafter their separation, Ross realized she was pregnant.", "She has stated that the documentary \"allows you to reflect on ... things that are happening in the real world in a way that is creative\". Her films often attempt to investigate problems within documentary film form. She says: \"There has to be some kind of mystery as well - a meta-level problem that the film becomes a response to. Our Paul Bowles film is about the impossibility of biography. The Holier It Gets is about the perils of confessional work, and The True Meaning of Pictures is about issues of representation. Manufactured Landscapes, proceeding from Edward Burtynsky's photographs, is about changing consciousness through witnessing the places we are all responsible for, but normally never get to see.\"  Baichwal's production company has produced most of her films, along with other short films and documentaries including \"The Hockey Nomad\" and \"Black Code\", the latter of which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2016. Many of her films' subjects are artists of other mediums than film. In an interview with the Seventh Art, Baichwal mentions how she is drawn to artists, stating: \"There is something about art that can't be paraphrased and just living in the complexity of that world is very rich for me...\" In 2016, Baichwal was named a member of the Toronto International Film Festival Board of Directors. Since their initial collaboration in 1995 and with the exception of \"Manufactured Landscapes\", all of Baichwal's films have been shot by her husband Nick de Pencier. \"Looking You in the Back of the Head\" is a short television documentary produced in 1995 featuring 13 Canadian women exploring what they think of their own identity. \"Let it Come Down: The Life of Paul Bowles\" is a documentary biography on the American writer Paul Bowles.", "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music. In his \"Introduction\" to Bowles' Collected Stories (1979,) Gore Vidal ranked the short stories as \"among the best ever written by an American\", writing: \"the floor to this ramshackle civilization that we have built cannot bear much longer our weight. It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\". Critics have described his music, in contrast, \"as full of light as the fiction [is] of dark...almost as if the composer were a totally different person from the writer.\" During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland; his music from this period \"is reminiscent of Satie and Poulenc.\" Returning to New York in the mid-30s, Bowles became one of the preeminent composers of American theater music, producing works for William Saroyan, Tennessee Williams, and others, \"show[ing] exceptional skill and imagination in capturing the mood, emotion, and ambience of each play to which he was assigned.\" Bowles said that such incidental music allowed him to present \"climaxless music, hypnotic music in one of the exact senses of the word, in that it makes its effect without the spectator being made aware of it.\" At the same time he continued to write concert music, assimilating some of the melodic, rhythmic, and other stylistic elements of African, Mexican, and Central American music. In 1991 Paul Bowles was awarded the annual Rea Award for the Short Story. The jury gave the following citation: \"Paul Bowles is a storyteller of the utmost purity and integrity.", "Rodrigo Rey Rosa Rey Rosa was born in Guatemala City in 1958 into a middle-class family. He recalled that in his childhood he traveled extensively with his parents throughout Mexico and Central America, as well as through Europe. It wasn't until the age of eighteen that he traveled alone, just after finishing high school, to London, Germany (where he had to work to earn money to continue his travels), and Spain. Upon his return, he lived one further year in Guatemala before leaving (in 1979) because of unrest, and emigrated to New York. There he enrolled at the School of Visual Arts, attracted by its summer writing workshop with Paul Bowles in Tangier. Rey Rosa dropped out in 1983. Rey Rosa has based many of his writings and stories on legends and myths that are indigenous to Latin American as well as North Africa. A number of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into English, including; \"The Path Doubles Back\" (by Paul Bowles), \"Dust on her Tongue\", \"The Pelcari Project,\" \"The Beggar's Knife\", \"The African Shore\", and \"Severina\". Along with his longer writings, he has also written a number of short stories that have been printed in college-level text books, such as \"Worlds of Fiction, Second edition\" By Roberta Rubenstein and Charles R. Larson. A few of these short stories include \"The Proof\", and \"The Good Cripple\". Many of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into seven languages. In the early 1980s, Rey Rosa went to Morocco and became a literary protege of American expatriate writer Paul Bowles, who later translated several of Rey Rosa's works into English. When Bowles died in 1999, Rey Rosa became an executor of his literary estate.", "Jane Bowles Jane Bowles (; born Jane Sydney Auer; February 22, 1917 \u2013 May 4, 1973) was an American writer and playwright. Born into a Jewish family in New York City on February 22, 1917, to Sydney Auer (father) and Claire Stajer (mother), Jane Bowles spent her childhood in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island. She'd had a bad knee from birth, which was later broken from falling off a horse when she was a teenager. After knee surgery, she developed tuberculous arthritis, and her mother took her to Switzerland for treatment, where she attended boarding school. She also attended Julia Richmond High School in New York and Stoneleigh school for girls in Greenfield, Massachusetts. At this point in her life, she developed a passion for literature coupled with insecurities. She developed phobias of dogs, sharks, mountains, jungles, elevators, and being burned alive. During the mid-thirties she returned to New York, where she gravitated to the intellectual bohemia of Greenwich Village. She married composer and writer Paul Bowles in 1938. The location of the honeymoon inspired the setting for her novel \"Two Serious Ladies\". Bowles had a rich love life. In 1937, she met Paul Bowles and in following year (1938), they were married and went to a honeymoon in Central America. She visited lesbian bars while they traveled together in Paris. The marriage was a sexual marriage for about a year and a half. After the initial year, Jane and Paul were platonic companions. They both were bisexual, and mainly preferred to have sex outside of their marriage. They were unashamed of their bisexuality, and marriage allowed them to express it. After this, Jane and Paul went to Mexico where Jane later met Helvetia Perkins, who became her lover."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What achievements did Paul Bowles have?", "answer": {"text": "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he shape it?", "answer": {"text": "It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\".", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did you find anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland;", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_90021dfac5e340359c9d372fb6d0f729_0_q#4", "question": "Did he have any other achievements?", "rewrite": "Did Paul Bowles have any other achievements aside from shaping 20th-century literature and music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jhirk  Jhirk also spelt as Jerruck is a small town on the right bank of River Indus, in district Thatta, province of Sindh, Pakistan. In the 19th century, Jhirk was the busiest river port and centre of commercial activity in Sindh. It also served as the headquarters of the Indus flotilla, the most modern navigational system of those days. Karachi Port near Karachi was connected to Jhirk. The headquarters of the Indus flotilla was in Jhirk town near Kotri and then it went to Mithankot Rajanpur district near Dera Ghazi Khan and then to the last point Makhad Attock. This part of Indus flotilla was called Punjab flotilla and the Indus flotilla Interchangeably. The British Indus flotilla of steamboats which once plied the Indus river is described by (Shaw 1998). Hassan Ali Effendi the famous educationist who was instrumental in Establishing Sindh Madrasatul Islam used to Work at Indus flotilla in his early years while learning English. Quaid- i-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah was one of his students at Sindh Madrasatul Islam Karachi. The river Indus was an important artery of communication between Karachi and Jhirk near Kotri Sindh, was an important river port, the Indus flotilla used large quantities of firewood and it was kept to fuel steamboats. Hassan Ali Effendi kept account of the incoming and outgoing wood and Steamboats. It was because of the commercial importance of the town that the Aga Khan the first or Awal in Urdu/ Persian, constructed his palace over there. Another testimony to the importance of Jhirk is that one of the oldest British era schools in Sindh, 15 years older than Karachi\u2019s Sindh Madrasatul Islam, was also established in Jhirk, and is still functioning there.", "Jane Bowles Jane Bowles (; born Jane Sydney Auer; February 22, 1917 \u2013 May 4, 1973) was an American writer and playwright. Born into a Jewish family in New York City on February 22, 1917, to Sydney Auer (father) and Claire Stajer (mother), Jane Bowles spent her childhood in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island. She'd had a bad knee from birth, which was later broken from falling off a horse when she was a teenager. After knee surgery, she developed tuberculous arthritis, and her mother took her to Switzerland for treatment, where she attended boarding school. She also attended Julia Richmond High School in New York and Stoneleigh school for girls in Greenfield, Massachusetts. At this point in her life, she developed a passion for literature coupled with insecurities. She developed phobias of dogs, sharks, mountains, jungles, elevators, and being burned alive. During the mid-thirties she returned to New York, where she gravitated to the intellectual bohemia of Greenwich Village. She married composer and writer Paul Bowles in 1938. The location of the honeymoon inspired the setting for her novel \"Two Serious Ladies\". Bowles had a rich love life. In 1937, she met Paul Bowles and in following year (1938), they were married and went to a honeymoon in Central America. She visited lesbian bars while they traveled together in Paris. The marriage was a sexual marriage for about a year and a half. After the initial year, Jane and Paul were platonic companions. They both were bisexual, and mainly preferred to have sex outside of their marriage. They were unashamed of their bisexuality, and marriage allowed them to express it. After this, Jane and Paul went to Mexico where Jane later met Helvetia Perkins, who became her lover.", "Rodrigo Rey Rosa Rey Rosa was born in Guatemala City in 1958 into a middle-class family. He recalled that in his childhood he traveled extensively with his parents throughout Mexico and Central America, as well as through Europe. It wasn't until the age of eighteen that he traveled alone, just after finishing high school, to London, Germany (where he had to work to earn money to continue his travels), and Spain. Upon his return, he lived one further year in Guatemala before leaving (in 1979) because of unrest, and emigrated to New York. There he enrolled at the School of Visual Arts, attracted by its summer writing workshop with Paul Bowles in Tangier. Rey Rosa dropped out in 1983. Rey Rosa has based many of his writings and stories on legends and myths that are indigenous to Latin American as well as North Africa. A number of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into English, including; \"The Path Doubles Back\" (by Paul Bowles), \"Dust on her Tongue\", \"The Pelcari Project,\" \"The Beggar's Knife\", \"The African Shore\", and \"Severina\". Along with his longer writings, he has also written a number of short stories that have been printed in college-level text books, such as \"Worlds of Fiction, Second edition\" By Roberta Rubenstein and Charles R. Larson. A few of these short stories include \"The Proof\", and \"The Good Cripple\". Many of Rey Rosa's works have been translated into seven languages. In the early 1980s, Rey Rosa went to Morocco and became a literary protege of American expatriate writer Paul Bowles, who later translated several of Rey Rosa's works into English. When Bowles died in 1999, Rey Rosa became an executor of his literary estate.", "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music. In his \"Introduction\" to Bowles' Collected Stories (1979,) Gore Vidal ranked the short stories as \"among the best ever written by an American\", writing: \"the floor to this ramshackle civilization that we have built cannot bear much longer our weight. It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\". Critics have described his music, in contrast, \"as full of light as the fiction [is] of dark...almost as if the composer were a totally different person from the writer.\" During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland; his music from this period \"is reminiscent of Satie and Poulenc.\" Returning to New York in the mid-30s, Bowles became one of the preeminent composers of American theater music, producing works for William Saroyan, Tennessee Williams, and others, \"show[ing] exceptional skill and imagination in capturing the mood, emotion, and ambience of each play to which he was assigned.\" Bowles said that such incidental music allowed him to present \"climaxless music, hypnotic music in one of the exact senses of the word, in that it makes its effect without the spectator being made aware of it.\" At the same time he continued to write concert music, assimilating some of the melodic, rhythmic, and other stylistic elements of African, Mexican, and Central American music. In 1991 Paul Bowles was awarded the annual Rea Award for the Short Story. The jury gave the following citation: \"Paul Bowles is a storyteller of the utmost purity and integrity.", "He later described her voice as poor but nonetheless startlingly effective:  Due to her acquaintanceship with Isherwood, Ross would later become immortalized as \"a bittersweet English \" named Sally Bowles in Isherwood's 1937 novella and his 1939 book \"Goodbye to Berlin\". While in Isherwood's company, she was introduced to American writer Paul Bowles when he briefly visited Berlin. Bowles was a gay American writer who would later garner acclaim for his post-colonial novel \"The Sheltering Sky\". This first meeting between Jean Ross and Paul Bowles ostensibly made a considerable impression upon Isherwood as he later used Paul Bowles' surname as the pseudonym for the character of Sally Bowles based upon Ross. Isherwood later noted that Ross was \"more essentially British than Sally [Bowles]; she grumbled like a true Englishwoman, with her 'grin-and-bear- it' grin. And she was tougher.\" Although Isherwood sometimes did have sex with women, Ross\u2014unlike the fictional character of Sally\u2014never tried to seduce Isherwood, although they were forced to share a bed together when their flat became overcrowded with visiting revelers. Instead Isherwood settled into a same-sex relationship with a working-class German young man named Heinz Neddermeyer, while Ross entered into a variety of heterosexual liaisons including one with \"a tall blond Jewish musician\" G\u00f6tz von Eick, later known as actor Peter van Eyck and star of Henri-Georges Clouzot's \"The Wages of Fear\". When Eyck met Ross, he earned his livelihood as a jazz pianist in Berlin cabarets while Ross sang to his music. Either during their brief relationship or soonafter their separation, Ross realized she was pregnant."], "answer": {"text": "In 1991 Paul Bowles was awarded the annual Rea Award for the Short Story.", "answer_start": 1524}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What achievements did Paul Bowles have?", "answer": {"text": "Paul Bowles is considered one of the artists to have shaped 20th-century literature and music.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did he shape it?", "answer": {"text": "It was Bowles's genius to suggest the horrors which lie beneath that floor, as fragile, in its way, as the sky that shelters us from a devouring vastness\".", "answer_start": 346, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did you find anything else interesting?", "answer": {"text": "During the early 1930s, Bowles studied composition (intermittently) with Aaron Copland;", "answer_start": 673, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he study?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f6865cb2edb4b3e96e706225d91091a_1_q#0", "question": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "rewrite": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Saga Continues (Wu-Tang Clan album) The Saga Continues is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, produced by long-time producer Mathematics released on October 13, 2017 on eOne. The album was mixed by Josh Gannet. The group name was shortened to \"Wu-Tang\" to mark the fact that the album features all Wu-Tang Clan members except U-God due to his legal issues with the group over royalties. It also features guest appearance from Streetlife, Redman, Sean Price and others. Producer Mathematics has explained, \"It's a Wu-Tang record of course, [but] it can't be a complete Wu-Tang Clan album without [U-God].\" \"The Saga Continues\" was promoted with two singles, \"People Say\" and \"Lesson Learn'd\", both featuring Redman. The album debuted on at number 15 on Billboard 200 chart and at number one on Independent Albums having sold 19,461 copies in the first week, and including streams it was 24,613 copies. After releasing \"A Better Tomorrow\", the group continued to work on their solo albums: Ghostface Killah released his sequel to \"Twelve Reasons to Die\" and collaboration album \"Sour Soul\" with BadBadNotGood, Method Man released \"The Meth Lab\", Inspectah Deck put out two albums with his side group Czarface. Masta Killa kept on working his fourth album entitled \"Loyalty Is Royalty\" which eventually was released on September 29, 2017. Meanwhile, Wu-Tang Clan's most controversial album, \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\", was sold to Martin Shkreli for $2,000,000. On August 25, 2017, without any announcement, a track called \"People Say\" was released stating that it was a new single off Wu-Tang Clan upcoming album.", "Wu-Tang Clan videography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City\u2013based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself. This videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.", "Killarmy  Killarmy () is a hip hop group that is known through its affiliation with Wu-Tang Clan It is one of the earliest and most successful of the many Wu-Tang affiliates along with Sunz of Man. Killarmy's music consists of lyrics and songs focused on the themes of military combat and war, terrorism and conspiracy theories, also including references to the Five-percenter philosophy. The group's instrumentals are usually sombre with ominous dark undertones and a raw, gritty production style provided by 4th Disciple. Originally consisting of New York rappers: 9th Prince (RZA's younger brother), Islord, Dom Pachino, Killa Sin, and Ohio-based producer 4th Disciple ; it added Beretta 9 (a.k.a. Kinetic 9) and ShoGun Assasson to its membership in 1996, also from Ohio. Killarmy released numerous singles from 1995 to 1997, including \"Swinging Swords\" and \"Camouflage Ninjas\" as well as appearing on the Sunz Of Man collaborations \"Wake Up\" and \"Soldiers of Darkness.\" The album \"Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars\" was released in 1997 just after the release of Wu-Tang Clan's second album, as well as a 12-inch single containing two tracks from the album, which were \"Wu-Renegades\" and \"Clash of the Titans.\" In 1997 the group's manager \"General Wise\" was shot dead in Steubenville, Ohio, (where several members and Wu-Tang Clan members like the RZA had spent time in their youth), but the group pressed on undeterred, appearing on the \"\" compilation and each making numerous appearances on other Wu-Tang Clan projects, Wu-Tang affiliates' projects, non-Wu-Tang Clan related albums such as ONYX \u2013", "Wu-Elements The Wu-Elements are a production team closely affiliated with the Wu-Tang Clan. A loosely knit group, it consists of five producers who typically support main producer RZA in handling production duties for Wu-Tang group, solo and affiliate releases. In 1994, producer 4th Disciple became the first producer outside of RZA to produce on a Wu-Tang Clan release; he co-produced \"Sub Crazy\" for Method Man's debut, \"Tical\", then co-produced the song \"Damage\" for Ol' Dirty Bastard's solo debut, \"\". True Master also co-produced a song on \"The Dirty Version\", the single \"Brooklyn Zoo\" with ODB. Also in 1995, 4th Disciple produced the track \"B.I.B.L.E.\", a Killah Priest solo song at the end of GZA's 2nd album, \"Liquid Swords\"; he also produced singles for Wu-Tang affiliates Sunz of Man, \"Five Arch Angels\" and \"Soldiers of Darkness.\" In 1996, True Master produced \"Fish,\" the only non-RZA produced song on Ghostface Killah's debut album \"Ironman\". After both of them contributed to \"The Pick, the Sickle and the Shovel\", a release by RZA's sidegroup The Gravediggaz, they were given production spots on Wu-Tang Clan's second solo album, \"Wu-Tang Forever\", in 1997. After 1997, RZA's five-year business plan was up and the members of the Wu-Tang Clan were given their contracts, and they went separate ways to develop their solo careers, during which time many Wu-Tang-affiliated acts began to come out with their own projects. Disciple and True Master were in higher demand as RZA was increasingly less available to produce.", "Wu-Tang Forever (Drake song) \" Wu-Tang Forever\" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his third studio album \" Nothing Was the Same\" (2013). The song was released as the album's first promotional single on September 12, 2013. \" Wu-Tang Forever\" features a significant sample of \"It's Yourz\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib. The song has since peaked at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On August 30, 2013, Drake first revealed he would have a song featured on the album, produced by 40 and titled \"Wu-Tang Forever\". On September 12, 2013, Drake released the previously announced \"Wu-Tang Forever\", as the album's first promotional single along with the pre-order of \"Nothing Was the Same\" on iTunes. The song is a reference to the Wu-Tang Clan and their critically acclaimed double album \" Wu-Tang Forever\" (1997). The track also samples the Clan's song \"It's Yourz\". Wu-Tang Clan leader RZA said he gave Drake the sample free of charge. The song pays homage to the legendary hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, even though the song is primarily about women and relationships. The Clan initially responded positively to the song via their official Twitter. However, Inspectah Deck commented on the song after listening to it saying, \"I agree with u... It is in no form a tribute to WU and SHOULD NOT wear the title Wutang Forever!\" He later elaborated saying, \"I felt it didn't have no bearing on the Wu-Tang Clan or \"Wu-Tang Forever\" for that matter. Besides the [fact that] I heard him say, 'Young brother on his Wu Tang.'"], "answer": {"text": "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "answer_start": 1241}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7f6865cb2edb4b3e96e706225d91091a_1_q#1", "question": "When did the group form?", "rewrite": "When did the Wu-Tang Clan group form?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wu-Tang Forever (Drake song) \" Wu-Tang Forever\" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his third studio album \" Nothing Was the Same\" (2013). The song was released as the album's first promotional single on September 12, 2013. \" Wu-Tang Forever\" features a significant sample of \"It's Yourz\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib. The song has since peaked at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On August 30, 2013, Drake first revealed he would have a song featured on the album, produced by 40 and titled \"Wu-Tang Forever\". On September 12, 2013, Drake released the previously announced \"Wu-Tang Forever\", as the album's first promotional single along with the pre-order of \"Nothing Was the Same\" on iTunes. The song is a reference to the Wu-Tang Clan and their critically acclaimed double album \" Wu-Tang Forever\" (1997). The track also samples the Clan's song \"It's Yourz\". Wu-Tang Clan leader RZA said he gave Drake the sample free of charge. The song pays homage to the legendary hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, even though the song is primarily about women and relationships. The Clan initially responded positively to the song via their official Twitter. However, Inspectah Deck commented on the song after listening to it saying, \"I agree with u... It is in no form a tribute to WU and SHOULD NOT wear the title Wutang Forever!\" He later elaborated saying, \"I felt it didn't have no bearing on the Wu-Tang Clan or \"Wu-Tang Forever\" for that matter. Besides the [fact that] I heard him say, 'Young brother on his Wu Tang.'", "Wu-Tang Clan videography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City\u2013based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself. This videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.", "The Saga Continues (Wu-Tang Clan album) The Saga Continues is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, produced by long-time producer Mathematics released on October 13, 2017 on eOne. The album was mixed by Josh Gannet. The group name was shortened to \"Wu-Tang\" to mark the fact that the album features all Wu-Tang Clan members except U-God due to his legal issues with the group over royalties. It also features guest appearance from Streetlife, Redman, Sean Price and others. Producer Mathematics has explained, \"It's a Wu-Tang record of course, [but] it can't be a complete Wu-Tang Clan album without [U-God].\" \"The Saga Continues\" was promoted with two singles, \"People Say\" and \"Lesson Learn'd\", both featuring Redman. The album debuted on at number 15 on Billboard 200 chart and at number one on Independent Albums having sold 19,461 copies in the first week, and including streams it was 24,613 copies. After releasing \"A Better Tomorrow\", the group continued to work on their solo albums: Ghostface Killah released his sequel to \"Twelve Reasons to Die\" and collaboration album \"Sour Soul\" with BadBadNotGood, Method Man released \"The Meth Lab\", Inspectah Deck put out two albums with his side group Czarface. Masta Killa kept on working his fourth album entitled \"Loyalty Is Royalty\" which eventually was released on September 29, 2017. Meanwhile, Wu-Tang Clan's most controversial album, \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\", was sold to Martin Shkreli for $2,000,000. On August 25, 2017, without any announcement, a track called \"People Say\" was released stating that it was a new single off Wu-Tang Clan upcoming album.", "Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang is the fifth studio album by American rapper and Wu-Tang Clan-member Raekwon, released March 7, 2011, on Ice H20 and EMI Records. Guests for the album include Black Thought, Busta Rhymes, Ghostface Killah, GZA, Inspectah Deck, Lloyd Banks, Method Man, Nas, and Rick Ross, among others. The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 29,000 copies in its first week. It produced three singles, \"Butter Knives\", the title track and \"Rock n Roll\". Upon its release, \"Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang\" received positive reviews from most music critics, who complimented Raekwon's performance and commended him for his musical direction. Due to the \"8 Diagrams\" controversy, which took place in late 2007, \"Shaolin Vs. Wu-Tang\" was initially planned to be a Wu-Tang Clan group album, minus production from RZA. Raekwon later revealed that it would instead be his fifth studio album, and as originally intended, would not feature contributions from RZA. In regards to this decision, Raekwon clarified in an interview with \"Vibe\" \"RZA doesn\u2019t have to be on every album. I wanted to give some other producers a chance. It\u2019s not about beef.\" When Raekwon was asked about the album in an interview with \"Entertainment Weekly\", he explained \"It\u2019s not nothing derogatory towards Wu. It\u2019s just that Shaolin (i.e. Staten Island) is the place, Wu-Tang is the crew that came from that place. It\u2019s like me just going back to my history of being an emcee first, before I actually became part of Wu-Tang.", "Masta Killa Jamel Irief (born Elgin Turner; August 18, 1969), better known by his stage name Masta Killa, is an American rapper and member of the Wu-Tang Clan. Though one of the lesser-known members of the group (he was featured on only one track on their 1993 debut album \"Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)\"), he has been prolific on Clan group albums and solo projects since the mid-1990s. He released his debut album \" No Said Date\" in 2004 to positive reviews, and has since released three additional albums. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Masta Killa was the last member to join the Wu-Tang Clan; consequently he did not appear on the group's debut single \"Protect Ya Neck\". He was also the only member who was not a rapper at the time of the group's formation. He was extensively mentored by the GZA during his early days with the group, evident in the similar flow they both employ. He derived his rap name from the 1978 kung fu film \"Shaolin Master Killer\", (Shao Lin san shi liu fang). Masta only appeared on one track on the Wu-Tang Clan's first album, in the closing verse to \"Da Mystery of Chessboxin\". Masta only narrowly made the track, and was almost left off in favor of Killah Priest. In fact, on the \"No Said Date\" DVD, Killah Priest claims that he and Masta Killa were in competition for the spot on \"Da Mystery of Chessboxin'\", and while Killah Priest fell asleep, Masta Killa stayed up all night writing and Killah Priest woke up the next morning to Masta Killa's verse."], "answer": {"text": "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and the group's producer.", "answer_start": 569}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "answer": {"text": "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "answer_start": 1241, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f6865cb2edb4b3e96e706225d91091a_1_q#2", "question": "Who were the founding members?", "rewrite": "Who were the founding members of the Wu-Tang Clan?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Saga Continues (Wu-Tang Clan album) The Saga Continues is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, produced by long-time producer Mathematics released on October 13, 2017 on eOne. The album was mixed by Josh Gannet. The group name was shortened to \"Wu-Tang\" to mark the fact that the album features all Wu-Tang Clan members except U-God due to his legal issues with the group over royalties. It also features guest appearance from Streetlife, Redman, Sean Price and others. Producer Mathematics has explained, \"It's a Wu-Tang record of course, [but] it can't be a complete Wu-Tang Clan album without [U-God].\" \"The Saga Continues\" was promoted with two singles, \"People Say\" and \"Lesson Learn'd\", both featuring Redman. The album debuted on at number 15 on Billboard 200 chart and at number one on Independent Albums having sold 19,461 copies in the first week, and including streams it was 24,613 copies. After releasing \"A Better Tomorrow\", the group continued to work on their solo albums: Ghostface Killah released his sequel to \"Twelve Reasons to Die\" and collaboration album \"Sour Soul\" with BadBadNotGood, Method Man released \"The Meth Lab\", Inspectah Deck put out two albums with his side group Czarface. Masta Killa kept on working his fourth album entitled \"Loyalty Is Royalty\" which eventually was released on September 29, 2017. Meanwhile, Wu-Tang Clan's most controversial album, \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\", was sold to Martin Shkreli for $2,000,000. On August 25, 2017, without any announcement, a track called \"People Say\" was released stating that it was a new single off Wu-Tang Clan upcoming album.", "Wu-Tang Forever (Drake song) \" Wu-Tang Forever\" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his third studio album \" Nothing Was the Same\" (2013). The song was released as the album's first promotional single on September 12, 2013. \" Wu-Tang Forever\" features a significant sample of \"It's Yourz\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib. The song has since peaked at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On August 30, 2013, Drake first revealed he would have a song featured on the album, produced by 40 and titled \"Wu-Tang Forever\". On September 12, 2013, Drake released the previously announced \"Wu-Tang Forever\", as the album's first promotional single along with the pre-order of \"Nothing Was the Same\" on iTunes. The song is a reference to the Wu-Tang Clan and their critically acclaimed double album \" Wu-Tang Forever\" (1997). The track also samples the Clan's song \"It's Yourz\". Wu-Tang Clan leader RZA said he gave Drake the sample free of charge. The song pays homage to the legendary hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, even though the song is primarily about women and relationships. The Clan initially responded positively to the song via their official Twitter. However, Inspectah Deck commented on the song after listening to it saying, \"I agree with u... It is in no form a tribute to WU and SHOULD NOT wear the title Wutang Forever!\" He later elaborated saying, \"I felt it didn't have no bearing on the Wu-Tang Clan or \"Wu-Tang Forever\" for that matter. Besides the [fact that] I heard him say, 'Young brother on his Wu Tang.'", "Wu-Tang Clan videography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City\u2013based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself. This videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.", "Mathematics (producer)  Mathematics, also known as Allah Mathematics, (born Ronald Maurice Bean, October 21, 1972) is a hip hop producer and DJ for the Wu-Tang Clan and its solo and affiliate projects. He designed the Wu-Tang Clan logo. Born and raised in Jamaica, Queens, New York, Mathematics was introduced to hip hop by his brother who used to bring home recordings of the genre's pioneers like Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five, Treacherous Three and Cold Crush Brothers. He began his career in 1987 DJing block parties and park jams in Baisley Projects, going by the name Supreme Cut Master. In 1988, he became the full-time DJ for experienced rapper Victor C, doing countless shows in clubs and colleges in New York City. In 1990, Mathematics linked up with GZA/Genius, who would soon become one of the Wu-Tang Clan's founding members, but at the time was struggling to build a career on the Cold Chillin' label. This partnership earned Mathematics a spot on his first official tour, The Cold Chillin Blizzard Tour (with popular acts such as Biz Markie, Big Daddy Kane, Kool G. Rap & DJ Polo and Marley Marl). GZA left Cold Chillin after his first album, \"Words from the Genius\", did not achieve the sales target that was anticipated. He and Mathematics took to the road again, but this time with the help of GZA's cousins, RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard. These three soon became the founding members of Wu-Tang Clan, then known as All In Together Now. The group soon dissolved, however, and the trio set their minds on creating the Wu group.", "Killarmy  Killarmy () is a hip hop group that is known through its affiliation with Wu-Tang Clan It is one of the earliest and most successful of the many Wu-Tang affiliates along with Sunz of Man. Killarmy's music consists of lyrics and songs focused on the themes of military combat and war, terrorism and conspiracy theories, also including references to the Five-percenter philosophy. The group's instrumentals are usually sombre with ominous dark undertones and a raw, gritty production style provided by 4th Disciple. Originally consisting of New York rappers: 9th Prince (RZA's younger brother), Islord, Dom Pachino, Killa Sin, and Ohio-based producer 4th Disciple ; it added Beretta 9 (a.k.a. Kinetic 9) and ShoGun Assasson to its membership in 1996, also from Ohio. Killarmy released numerous singles from 1995 to 1997, including \"Swinging Swords\" and \"Camouflage Ninjas\" as well as appearing on the Sunz Of Man collaborations \"Wake Up\" and \"Soldiers of Darkness.\" The album \"Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars\" was released in 1997 just after the release of Wu-Tang Clan's second album, as well as a 12-inch single containing two tracks from the album, which were \"Wu-Renegades\" and \"Clash of the Titans.\" In 1997 the group's manager \"General Wise\" was shot dead in Steubenville, Ohio, (where several members and Wu-Tang Clan members like the RZA had spent time in their youth), but the group pressed on undeterred, appearing on the \"\" compilation and each making numerous appearances on other Wu-Tang Clan projects, Wu-Tang affiliates' projects, non-Wu-Tang Clan related albums such as ONYX \u2013"], "answer": {"text": "And Ol' Dirty was there and he'd echo every rhyme of RZA's while beatboxing, 'cos that was in style then. That was the beginning of Wu-Tang.", "answer_start": 1100}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "answer": {"text": "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "answer_start": 1241, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the group form?", "answer": {"text": "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and the group's producer.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f6865cb2edb4b3e96e706225d91091a_1_q#3", "question": "Did they put out an album after forming?", "rewrite": "Did the Wu-Tang Clan put out an album after forming?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Wu-Tang Clan videography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City\u2013based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself. This videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.", "Wu-Tang Forever (Drake song) \" Wu-Tang Forever\" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his third studio album \" Nothing Was the Same\" (2013). The song was released as the album's first promotional single on September 12, 2013. \" Wu-Tang Forever\" features a significant sample of \"It's Yourz\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib. The song has since peaked at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On August 30, 2013, Drake first revealed he would have a song featured on the album, produced by 40 and titled \"Wu-Tang Forever\". On September 12, 2013, Drake released the previously announced \"Wu-Tang Forever\", as the album's first promotional single along with the pre-order of \"Nothing Was the Same\" on iTunes. The song is a reference to the Wu-Tang Clan and their critically acclaimed double album \" Wu-Tang Forever\" (1997). The track also samples the Clan's song \"It's Yourz\". Wu-Tang Clan leader RZA said he gave Drake the sample free of charge. The song pays homage to the legendary hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, even though the song is primarily about women and relationships. The Clan initially responded positively to the song via their official Twitter. However, Inspectah Deck commented on the song after listening to it saying, \"I agree with u... It is in no form a tribute to WU and SHOULD NOT wear the title Wutang Forever!\" He later elaborated saying, \"I felt it didn't have no bearing on the Wu-Tang Clan or \"Wu-Tang Forever\" for that matter. Besides the [fact that] I heard him say, 'Young brother on his Wu Tang.'", "Killarmy  Killarmy () is a hip hop group that is known through its affiliation with Wu-Tang Clan It is one of the earliest and most successful of the many Wu-Tang affiliates along with Sunz of Man. Killarmy's music consists of lyrics and songs focused on the themes of military combat and war, terrorism and conspiracy theories, also including references to the Five-percenter philosophy. The group's instrumentals are usually sombre with ominous dark undertones and a raw, gritty production style provided by 4th Disciple. Originally consisting of New York rappers: 9th Prince (RZA's younger brother), Islord, Dom Pachino, Killa Sin, and Ohio-based producer 4th Disciple ; it added Beretta 9 (a.k.a. Kinetic 9) and ShoGun Assasson to its membership in 1996, also from Ohio. Killarmy released numerous singles from 1995 to 1997, including \"Swinging Swords\" and \"Camouflage Ninjas\" as well as appearing on the Sunz Of Man collaborations \"Wake Up\" and \"Soldiers of Darkness.\" The album \"Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars\" was released in 1997 just after the release of Wu-Tang Clan's second album, as well as a 12-inch single containing two tracks from the album, which were \"Wu-Renegades\" and \"Clash of the Titans.\" In 1997 the group's manager \"General Wise\" was shot dead in Steubenville, Ohio, (where several members and Wu-Tang Clan members like the RZA had spent time in their youth), but the group pressed on undeterred, appearing on the \"\" compilation and each making numerous appearances on other Wu-Tang Clan projects, Wu-Tang affiliates' projects, non-Wu-Tang Clan related albums such as ONYX \u2013", "The Saga Continues (Wu-Tang Clan album) The Saga Continues is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, produced by long-time producer Mathematics released on October 13, 2017 on eOne. The album was mixed by Josh Gannet. The group name was shortened to \"Wu-Tang\" to mark the fact that the album features all Wu-Tang Clan members except U-God due to his legal issues with the group over royalties. It also features guest appearance from Streetlife, Redman, Sean Price and others. Producer Mathematics has explained, \"It's a Wu-Tang record of course, [but] it can't be a complete Wu-Tang Clan album without [U-God].\" \"The Saga Continues\" was promoted with two singles, \"People Say\" and \"Lesson Learn'd\", both featuring Redman. The album debuted on at number 15 on Billboard 200 chart and at number one on Independent Albums having sold 19,461 copies in the first week, and including streams it was 24,613 copies. After releasing \"A Better Tomorrow\", the group continued to work on their solo albums: Ghostface Killah released his sequel to \"Twelve Reasons to Die\" and collaboration album \"Sour Soul\" with BadBadNotGood, Method Man released \"The Meth Lab\", Inspectah Deck put out two albums with his side group Czarface. Masta Killa kept on working his fourth album entitled \"Loyalty Is Royalty\" which eventually was released on September 29, 2017. Meanwhile, Wu-Tang Clan's most controversial album, \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\", was sold to Martin Shkreli for $2,000,000. On August 25, 2017, without any announcement, a track called \"People Say\" was released stating that it was a new single off Wu-Tang Clan upcoming album.", "Cilvaringz Tarik Azzougarh (born January 29, 1979), better known as his stage name Cilvaringz, is a Dutch Moroccan record producer, rapper, and artist manager from Tilburg, North Brabant. He is associated with the Wu-Tang Clan and is best known for conceptualizing and producing the world's most expensive work of music, Wu-Tang Clan's \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\". Cilvaringz was discovered by Ol' Dirty Bastard and Method Man at a Wu-Tang Clan concert in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on May 26, 1997. After impressing ODB with a live freestyle on stage he was introduced to RZA who signed him to Wu-Tang Records in 1999, becoming the first non-American affiliate of the Wu-Tang Clan. Between 2002 and 2010 Cilvaringz toured the world as the official opening act of RZA, Method Man & Redman, Raekwon and Ghostface Killah. On April 9, 2007 he released his first solo album \"I\" through five different record labels around the world, receiving critical acclaim for its return to the original Wu-Tang sound. In April 2008 Cilvaringz conceptualized and began producing Wu-Tang Clan's secret album \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\" under the patronage of RZA. The unique release of the secret album as only one available copy in the world became one of the biggest and widely covered music stories of 2014. \"Forbes\" magazine broke the story exclusively on March 26, 2014. On May 3, 2015 the album sold for a reported 2 million USD to pharmaceutical entrepreneur Martin Shkreli, making it the most expensive musical work ever sold. Cilvaringz was born in Dordrecht, Holland and grew up in the city of Tilburg."], "answer": {"text": "The group's debut album loosely adopted a Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang theme, dividing the album into Shaolin and Wu-Tang sections.", "answer_start": 1334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "answer": {"text": "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "answer_start": 1241, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the group form?", "answer": {"text": "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and the group's producer.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the founding members?", "answer": {"text": "And Ol' Dirty was there and he'd echo every rhyme of RZA's while beatboxing, 'cos that was in style then. That was the beginning of Wu-Tang.", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f6865cb2edb4b3e96e706225d91091a_1_q#4", "question": "What does Wu Tang Clan mean?", "rewrite": "What does Wu-Tang Clan mean?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wu-Tang Clan discography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City-based hip hop musical group, consisting of ten American rappers: RZA, GZA, Method Man, Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, U-God, Masta Killa, Cappadonna and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. As a group, Wu Tang has sold over 6.5 million copies in the US. RZA has stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records worldwide, including individual members' album sales as well as group sales collectively. General Specific", "Wu-Tang Forever (Drake song) \" Wu-Tang Forever\" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his third studio album \" Nothing Was the Same\" (2013). The song was released as the album's first promotional single on September 12, 2013. \" Wu-Tang Forever\" features a significant sample of \"It's Yourz\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib. The song has since peaked at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On August 30, 2013, Drake first revealed he would have a song featured on the album, produced by 40 and titled \"Wu-Tang Forever\". On September 12, 2013, Drake released the previously announced \"Wu-Tang Forever\", as the album's first promotional single along with the pre-order of \"Nothing Was the Same\" on iTunes. The song is a reference to the Wu-Tang Clan and their critically acclaimed double album \" Wu-Tang Forever\" (1997). The track also samples the Clan's song \"It's Yourz\". Wu-Tang Clan leader RZA said he gave Drake the sample free of charge. The song pays homage to the legendary hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, even though the song is primarily about women and relationships. The Clan initially responded positively to the song via their official Twitter. However, Inspectah Deck commented on the song after listening to it saying, \"I agree with u... It is in no form a tribute to WU and SHOULD NOT wear the title Wutang Forever!\" He later elaborated saying, \"I felt it didn't have no bearing on the Wu-Tang Clan or \"Wu-Tang Forever\" for that matter. Besides the [fact that] I heard him say, 'Young brother on his Wu Tang.'", "Killarmy  Killarmy () is a hip hop group that is known through its affiliation with Wu-Tang Clan It is one of the earliest and most successful of the many Wu-Tang affiliates along with Sunz of Man. Killarmy's music consists of lyrics and songs focused on the themes of military combat and war, terrorism and conspiracy theories, also including references to the Five-percenter philosophy. The group's instrumentals are usually sombre with ominous dark undertones and a raw, gritty production style provided by 4th Disciple. Originally consisting of New York rappers: 9th Prince (RZA's younger brother), Islord, Dom Pachino, Killa Sin, and Ohio-based producer 4th Disciple ; it added Beretta 9 (a.k.a. Kinetic 9) and ShoGun Assasson to its membership in 1996, also from Ohio. Killarmy released numerous singles from 1995 to 1997, including \"Swinging Swords\" and \"Camouflage Ninjas\" as well as appearing on the Sunz Of Man collaborations \"Wake Up\" and \"Soldiers of Darkness.\" The album \"Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars\" was released in 1997 just after the release of Wu-Tang Clan's second album, as well as a 12-inch single containing two tracks from the album, which were \"Wu-Renegades\" and \"Clash of the Titans.\" In 1997 the group's manager \"General Wise\" was shot dead in Steubenville, Ohio, (where several members and Wu-Tang Clan members like the RZA had spent time in their youth), but the group pressed on undeterred, appearing on the \"\" compilation and each making numerous appearances on other Wu-Tang Clan projects, Wu-Tang affiliates' projects, non-Wu-Tang Clan related albums such as ONYX \u2013", "Wu-Tang Clan videography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City\u2013based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself. This videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.", "The Saga Continues (Wu-Tang Clan album) The Saga Continues is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, produced by long-time producer Mathematics released on October 13, 2017 on eOne. The album was mixed by Josh Gannet. The group name was shortened to \"Wu-Tang\" to mark the fact that the album features all Wu-Tang Clan members except U-God due to his legal issues with the group over royalties. It also features guest appearance from Streetlife, Redman, Sean Price and others. Producer Mathematics has explained, \"It's a Wu-Tang record of course, [but] it can't be a complete Wu-Tang Clan album without [U-God].\" \"The Saga Continues\" was promoted with two singles, \"People Say\" and \"Lesson Learn'd\", both featuring Redman. The album debuted on at number 15 on Billboard 200 chart and at number one on Independent Albums having sold 19,461 copies in the first week, and including streams it was 24,613 copies. After releasing \"A Better Tomorrow\", the group continued to work on their solo albums: Ghostface Killah released his sequel to \"Twelve Reasons to Die\" and collaboration album \"Sour Soul\" with BadBadNotGood, Method Man released \"The Meth Lab\", Inspectah Deck put out two albums with his side group Czarface. Masta Killa kept on working his fourth album entitled \"Loyalty Is Royalty\" which eventually was released on September 29, 2017. Meanwhile, Wu-Tang Clan's most controversial album, \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\", was sold to Martin Shkreli for $2,000,000. On August 25, 2017, without any announcement, a track called \"People Say\" was released stating that it was a new single off Wu-Tang Clan upcoming album."], "answer": {"text": "\"We Usually Take All Niggas' Garments\", \"Witty Unpredictable Talent And Natural Game\", and \"Wisdom of the Universe, and the Truth of Allah for the Nation of the Gods\".", "answer_start": 133}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "answer": {"text": "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "answer_start": 1241, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the group form?", "answer": {"text": "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and the group's producer.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the founding members?", "answer": {"text": "And Ol' Dirty was there and he'd echo every rhyme of RZA's while beatboxing, 'cos that was in style then. That was the beginning of Wu-Tang.", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they put out an album after forming?", "answer": {"text": "The group's debut album loosely adopted a Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang theme, dividing the album into Shaolin and Wu-Tang sections.", "answer_start": 1334, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f6865cb2edb4b3e96e706225d91091a_1_q#5", "question": "Did they mostly all come from New York City area?", "rewrite": "Did the Wu-Tang Clan members mostly all come from New York City area?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of Wu-Tang Clan affiliates The following is a list of Wu-Tang Clan's associated acts and affiliates, known as Killa Beez and Wu Fam. They are at times directly funded, supported, or produced by Clan members, are formed as extension groups originating from Clan members, or close to The Clan. The Wu-Tang Clan also has many \"affiliates\" which receive support, financial and otherwise, from within the Clan. These are collectively known as the Wu-Tang Killa Beez, aka Killa Beez. The association of these artists with Wu-Tang varies greatly, and they include solo artists and groups. 1.4.0. Productions is a team of producers from Staten Island, the group consists of Sean Sulivan (a.k.a. shorte), T Diddy, Just 1, Chapel and Cheesey Rat (a.k.a. Charles Walker). The group release mixtapes/bootlegs with affiliates rapping over the beats. A.I.G. is a duo composed of Allah Wise (a.k.a. The Wizard), and Darkim Be Allah. The group, whose name stands for \"Allah Is God\", debuted on the \"\" compilation with the track \"Bronx War Stories\". An album titled \"Retaliation Strike\" was completed but was never released, a situation which eventually caused the group to leave the Wu-Tang stable and pursue an independent route. They finally released their debut \"Fame Labs Presents\" in 2005. Stefano and Mike joined the group in 2011 as interns, but quickly escalated to the top with songs accounting for their daily trials and tribulations as interns. In 2012, Stefano and Mike were formally offered to continue their careers at A.I.G. on a full-time basis.", "Wu-Tang Clan videography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City\u2013based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself. This videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.", "The Saga Continues (Wu-Tang Clan album) The Saga Continues is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, produced by long-time producer Mathematics released on October 13, 2017 on eOne. The album was mixed by Josh Gannet. The group name was shortened to \"Wu-Tang\" to mark the fact that the album features all Wu-Tang Clan members except U-God due to his legal issues with the group over royalties. It also features guest appearance from Streetlife, Redman, Sean Price and others. Producer Mathematics has explained, \"It's a Wu-Tang record of course, [but] it can't be a complete Wu-Tang Clan album without [U-God].\" \"The Saga Continues\" was promoted with two singles, \"People Say\" and \"Lesson Learn'd\", both featuring Redman. The album debuted on at number 15 on Billboard 200 chart and at number one on Independent Albums having sold 19,461 copies in the first week, and including streams it was 24,613 copies. After releasing \"A Better Tomorrow\", the group continued to work on their solo albums: Ghostface Killah released his sequel to \"Twelve Reasons to Die\" and collaboration album \"Sour Soul\" with BadBadNotGood, Method Man released \"The Meth Lab\", Inspectah Deck put out two albums with his side group Czarface. Masta Killa kept on working his fourth album entitled \"Loyalty Is Royalty\" which eventually was released on September 29, 2017. Meanwhile, Wu-Tang Clan's most controversial album, \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\", was sold to Martin Shkreli for $2,000,000. On August 25, 2017, without any announcement, a track called \"People Say\" was released stating that it was a new single off Wu-Tang Clan upcoming album.", "Wu-Tang Clan: Of Mics and Men Wu-Tang Clan: Of Mics and Men is a four-episode American documentary television series that premiered on Showtime on May 10, 2019. The documentary was created by Sacha Jenkins and tells a story of the New York-based hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan from their earliest times to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the group. The four sixty-minute episodes, all nine living members of the group are interviewed, as well as footage from 2004 featuring the late Ol' Dirty Bastard are shown. Numerous people affiliated with the Wu-Tang Clan also contributed to it providing their own stories and describing their relations with the members. On May 17, 2019, an EP, which also is the soundtrack of the documentary, \"Wu-Tang: Of Mics and Men\" was released on Spotify. A week after the documentary premiere, 36 Chambers Records along with Mass Appeal released a seven-track EP entitled Wu-Tang: Of Mics and Men. The EP contains verses from several Wu-Tang Clan members, including RZA, Ghostface Killah, Cappadonna, Raekwon and Masta Killa. Three of the tracks are skits which contains interview excerpts from Nas, GZA, Masta Killa and Cheo Hodari Coker.", "Killarmy  Killarmy () is a hip hop group that is known through its affiliation with Wu-Tang Clan It is one of the earliest and most successful of the many Wu-Tang affiliates along with Sunz of Man. Killarmy's music consists of lyrics and songs focused on the themes of military combat and war, terrorism and conspiracy theories, also including references to the Five-percenter philosophy. The group's instrumentals are usually sombre with ominous dark undertones and a raw, gritty production style provided by 4th Disciple. Originally consisting of New York rappers: 9th Prince (RZA's younger brother), Islord, Dom Pachino, Killa Sin, and Ohio-based producer 4th Disciple ; it added Beretta 9 (a.k.a. Kinetic 9) and ShoGun Assasson to its membership in 1996, also from Ohio. Killarmy released numerous singles from 1995 to 1997, including \"Swinging Swords\" and \"Camouflage Ninjas\" as well as appearing on the Sunz Of Man collaborations \"Wake Up\" and \"Soldiers of Darkness.\" The album \"Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars\" was released in 1997 just after the release of Wu-Tang Clan's second album, as well as a 12-inch single containing two tracks from the album, which were \"Wu-Renegades\" and \"Clash of the Titans.\" In 1997 the group's manager \"General Wise\" was shot dead in Steubenville, Ohio, (where several members and Wu-Tang Clan members like the RZA had spent time in their youth), but the group pressed on undeterred, appearing on the \"\" compilation and each making numerous appearances on other Wu-Tang Clan projects, Wu-Tang affiliates' projects, non-Wu-Tang Clan related albums such as ONYX \u2013"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "answer": {"text": "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "answer_start": 1241, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the group form?", "answer": {"text": "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and the group's producer.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the founding members?", "answer": {"text": "And Ol' Dirty was there and he'd echo every rhyme of RZA's while beatboxing, 'cos that was in style then. That was the beginning of Wu-Tang.", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they put out an album after forming?", "answer": {"text": "The group's debut album loosely adopted a Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang theme, dividing the album into Shaolin and Wu-Tang sections.", "answer_start": 1334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does Wu Tang Clan mean?", "answer": {"text": "\"We Usually Take All Niggas' Garments\", \"Witty Unpredictable Talent And Natural Game\", and \"Wisdom of the Universe, and the Truth of Allah for the Nation of the Gods\".", "answer_start": 133, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_7f6865cb2edb4b3e96e706225d91091a_1_q#6", "question": "What else can you tell me about Wu Tang?", "rewrite": "What else can you tell me about Wu-Tang Clan aside from it's name?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wu-Tang Clan videography The Wu-Tang Clan is a New York City\u2013based hip-hop musical group, consisting of nine American rappers: RZA, GZA, Raekwon, U-God, Ghostface Killah, Inspectah Deck, Method Man, Masta Killa, and the late Ol' Dirty Bastard. One of the most critically and commercially successful hip hop groups of all time, Wu-Tang Clan rose to fame with their uncompromising brand of hardcore rap music. Since their debut, they have introduced or launched the careers of numerous other artists and groups, and already in 1994 there were credited to be over 300 Wu-Tang Clan affiliates, known as the Wu-Tang Killa Bees, consisting of rappers, producers, and record label CEOs. RZA stated that Wu-Tang Clan has sold around 40 million records around the world. That is if you add up the albums from every single MC from the Clan, plus the Wu-Tang itself. This videography is a list of Wu-Tang Clan and official Wu-Tang Clan affiliates video related releases, including music videos and DVDs.", "Killarmy  Killarmy () is a hip hop group that is known through its affiliation with Wu-Tang Clan It is one of the earliest and most successful of the many Wu-Tang affiliates along with Sunz of Man. Killarmy's music consists of lyrics and songs focused on the themes of military combat and war, terrorism and conspiracy theories, also including references to the Five-percenter philosophy. The group's instrumentals are usually sombre with ominous dark undertones and a raw, gritty production style provided by 4th Disciple. Originally consisting of New York rappers: 9th Prince (RZA's younger brother), Islord, Dom Pachino, Killa Sin, and Ohio-based producer 4th Disciple ; it added Beretta 9 (a.k.a. Kinetic 9) and ShoGun Assasson to its membership in 1996, also from Ohio. Killarmy released numerous singles from 1995 to 1997, including \"Swinging Swords\" and \"Camouflage Ninjas\" as well as appearing on the Sunz Of Man collaborations \"Wake Up\" and \"Soldiers of Darkness.\" The album \"Silent Weapons for Quiet Wars\" was released in 1997 just after the release of Wu-Tang Clan's second album, as well as a 12-inch single containing two tracks from the album, which were \"Wu-Renegades\" and \"Clash of the Titans.\" In 1997 the group's manager \"General Wise\" was shot dead in Steubenville, Ohio, (where several members and Wu-Tang Clan members like the RZA had spent time in their youth), but the group pressed on undeterred, appearing on the \"\" compilation and each making numerous appearances on other Wu-Tang Clan projects, Wu-Tang affiliates' projects, non-Wu-Tang Clan related albums such as ONYX \u2013", "The Saga Continues (Wu-Tang Clan album) The Saga Continues is a compilation album by Wu-Tang Clan, produced by long-time producer Mathematics released on October 13, 2017 on eOne. The album was mixed by Josh Gannet. The group name was shortened to \"Wu-Tang\" to mark the fact that the album features all Wu-Tang Clan members except U-God due to his legal issues with the group over royalties. It also features guest appearance from Streetlife, Redman, Sean Price and others. Producer Mathematics has explained, \"It's a Wu-Tang record of course, [but] it can't be a complete Wu-Tang Clan album without [U-God].\" \"The Saga Continues\" was promoted with two singles, \"People Say\" and \"Lesson Learn'd\", both featuring Redman. The album debuted on at number 15 on Billboard 200 chart and at number one on Independent Albums having sold 19,461 copies in the first week, and including streams it was 24,613 copies. After releasing \"A Better Tomorrow\", the group continued to work on their solo albums: Ghostface Killah released his sequel to \"Twelve Reasons to Die\" and collaboration album \"Sour Soul\" with BadBadNotGood, Method Man released \"The Meth Lab\", Inspectah Deck put out two albums with his side group Czarface. Masta Killa kept on working his fourth album entitled \"Loyalty Is Royalty\" which eventually was released on September 29, 2017. Meanwhile, Wu-Tang Clan's most controversial album, \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\", was sold to Martin Shkreli for $2,000,000. On August 25, 2017, without any announcement, a track called \"People Say\" was released stating that it was a new single off Wu-Tang Clan upcoming album.", "Cilvaringz Tarik Azzougarh (born January 29, 1979), better known as his stage name Cilvaringz, is a Dutch Moroccan record producer, rapper, and artist manager from Tilburg, North Brabant. He is associated with the Wu-Tang Clan and is best known for conceptualizing and producing the world's most expensive work of music, Wu-Tang Clan's \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\". Cilvaringz was discovered by Ol' Dirty Bastard and Method Man at a Wu-Tang Clan concert in Amsterdam, Netherlands, on May 26, 1997. After impressing ODB with a live freestyle on stage he was introduced to RZA who signed him to Wu-Tang Records in 1999, becoming the first non-American affiliate of the Wu-Tang Clan. Between 2002 and 2010 Cilvaringz toured the world as the official opening act of RZA, Method Man & Redman, Raekwon and Ghostface Killah. On April 9, 2007 he released his first solo album \"I\" through five different record labels around the world, receiving critical acclaim for its return to the original Wu-Tang sound. In April 2008 Cilvaringz conceptualized and began producing Wu-Tang Clan's secret album \"Once Upon a Time in Shaolin\" under the patronage of RZA. The unique release of the secret album as only one available copy in the world became one of the biggest and widely covered music stories of 2014. \"Forbes\" magazine broke the story exclusively on March 26, 2014. On May 3, 2015 the album sold for a reported 2 million USD to pharmaceutical entrepreneur Martin Shkreli, making it the most expensive musical work ever sold. Cilvaringz was born in Dordrecht, Holland and grew up in the city of Tilburg.", "Wu-Tang Forever (Drake song) \" Wu-Tang Forever\" is a song by Canadian rapper Drake from his third studio album \" Nothing Was the Same\" (2013). The song was released as the album's first promotional single on September 12, 2013. \" Wu-Tang Forever\" features a significant sample of \"It's Yourz\" by the Wu-Tang Clan. The song was produced by frequent collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib. The song has since peaked at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. On August 30, 2013, Drake first revealed he would have a song featured on the album, produced by 40 and titled \"Wu-Tang Forever\". On September 12, 2013, Drake released the previously announced \"Wu-Tang Forever\", as the album's first promotional single along with the pre-order of \"Nothing Was the Same\" on iTunes. The song is a reference to the Wu-Tang Clan and their critically acclaimed double album \" Wu-Tang Forever\" (1997). The track also samples the Clan's song \"It's Yourz\". Wu-Tang Clan leader RZA said he gave Drake the sample free of charge. The song pays homage to the legendary hip hop collective Wu-Tang Clan, even though the song is primarily about women and relationships. The Clan initially responded positively to the song via their official Twitter. However, Inspectah Deck commented on the song after listening to it saying, \"I agree with u... It is in no form a tribute to WU and SHOULD NOT wear the title Wutang Forever!\" He later elaborated saying, \"I felt it didn't have no bearing on the Wu-Tang Clan or \"Wu-Tang Forever\" for that matter. Besides the [fact that] I heard him say, 'Young brother on his Wu Tang.'"], "answer": {"text": "We made a song, called \"All in Together Now\", which became famous on tapes throughout Brooklyn, Downtown Staten Island, New York, all the way down to Miami.", "answer_start": 141}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wu-Tang Clan name come from?", "answer": {"text": "RZA and Ol' Dirty Bastard adopted the name for the group after the film Shaolin and Wu Tang.", "answer_start": 1241, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did the group form?", "answer": {"text": "The Wu-Tang Clan was assembled in the early 1990s with RZA as the de facto leader and the group's producer.", "answer_start": 569, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were the founding members?", "answer": {"text": "And Ol' Dirty was there and he'd echo every rhyme of RZA's while beatboxing, 'cos that was in style then. That was the beginning of Wu-Tang.", "answer_start": 1100, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they put out an album after forming?", "answer": {"text": "The group's debut album loosely adopted a Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang theme, dividing the album into Shaolin and Wu-Tang sections.", "answer_start": 1334, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does Wu Tang Clan mean?", "answer": {"text": "\"We Usually Take All Niggas' Garments\", \"Witty Unpredictable Talent And Natural Game\", and \"Wisdom of the Universe, and the Truth of Allah for the Nation of the Gods\".", "answer_start": 133, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did they mostly all come from New York City area?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7a44c29c1eab43b3bbfa1af18f480079_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Donnie Iris born?", "rewrite": "Where was Donnie Iris born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP."], "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7a44c29c1eab43b3bbfa1af18f480079_1_q#1", "question": "When did he get into music?", "rewrite": "When did Donnie Iris get into music?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career."], "answer": {"text": "young Dominic began to learn how to sing at an early age from his mother, who had sung in Curly Venezie's orchestra.", "answer_start": 144}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Donnie Iris born?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7a44c29c1eab43b3bbfa1af18f480079_1_q#2", "question": "Did he learn how to play any instruments?", "rewrite": "Did Donnie Iris learn how to play any instruments?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP."], "answer": {"text": "The popularity of rock and roll inspired Ierace to become a self-taught guitarist.", "answer_start": 813}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Donnie Iris born?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he get into music?", "answer": {"text": "young Dominic began to learn how to sing at an early age from his mother, who had sung in Curly Venezie's orchestra.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7a44c29c1eab43b3bbfa1af18f480079_1_q#3", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Donnie Iris go to school?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Donnie Iris born?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he get into music?", "answer": {"text": "young Dominic began to learn how to sing at an early age from his mother, who had sung in Curly Venezie's orchestra.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he learn how to play any instruments?", "answer": {"text": "The popularity of rock and roll inspired Ierace to become a self-taught guitarist.", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7a44c29c1eab43b3bbfa1af18f480079_1_q#4", "question": "What other music related things was he involved with early on?", "rewrite": "What music related things was Donnie Iris involved with early on in addition to learning to sing and play guitar?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["But Wild Cherry's fate seemed to be similar to the Jaggerz and they broke up in 1979. Iris then went solo with the help of Avsec, first with the non-album singles \"Bring on the Eighties\" and \"Because of You.\" These singles proved to be of little influence and Avsec and Iris decided to put a band together. The lineup consisted of Iris, Avsec, Marty Lee Hoenes, Albritton McClain, and Kevin Valentine. The new band, called Donnie Iris and the Cruisers, released their first album in 1980, \"Back on the Streets\". The album's first single, \"Ah! Leah! \", began a series of successful albums and singles. Donnie Iris landed 10 singles in the Billboard top 100 lists. He released ten albums with the Cruisers, five of which made it to the Billboard top 200 list. Donnie Iris and the Cruisers are still together to this day. Ross joined the Skyliners in 1975 after two of the original members left. Joe Rock, who managed both the Jaggerz and Skyliners advised Ross to leave the Jaggerz. He sang with the Skyliners original members Jimmy Beaumont and Janet Vogel. The Skyliners appeared in 1950s revival shows around the country. In 1977, Ross recorded with the Skyliners on their Tortoise International Records album release titled \u201cThe Skyliners\u201d. Singer Cathy Cooper joined the Skyliners after the death of Vogel in 1980. Ross sang with the Skyliners through 1982. In 1982 Cooper and Ross left the Skyliners to form the singing duo Cooper and Ross. They signed with Sweet City Records / MCA and released the album \"Bottom Line\". Cooper and Ross became a fixture in the Atlantic City casinos with a 36-week appearance at the Trump Plaza and extended engagements at Harrah's. They worked together for five years.", "Mark Avsec Mark Avsec (born August 23, 1954) is an American rock keyboardist / songwriter / producer, and more recently (since 1995) copyright lawyer, who is best known for being a member of Wild Cherry, and also Donnie Iris & the Cruisers since 1979. Avsec co-founded this band, wrote or co-wrote all of the band's music, was its sole lyricist, and produced all of its albums. Avsec joined the band Wild Cherry immediately following the recording of the disco hit, \"Play That Funky Music\" (1976). He was brought in as a session keyboardist for two tracks on the band's debut album, and was then asked to join the group. He also toured with the band, performing \"Play That Funky Music\" at the 1976 Grammy Awards. During this period, he befriended Donnie Iris, with whom he composed Donnie Iris & The Cruisers' hits \" Ah! Leah!\" (#19 Billboard Mainstream Rock) and \"Love Is Like a Rock\" (#9 Billboard Mainstream Rock). In 1980, Avsec wrote and produced the debut album for the band LaFlavour which garnered the hit single \"Mandolay,\" climbing to number 7 on \"Billboards Disco Chart. Avsec later released \"Mandolay\" himself under the artist name Art Attack\"'. By the time Avsec composed LaFlavour's follow-up album, the band's label, MCA, had decided to change the band's name to \"Fair Warning,\" due to interest in disco music tapering off.", "King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers King Cool: Ah! History of Donnie Iris and the Cruisers is a 2004 documentary of American rock singer Donnie Iris and his backing band, the Cruisers. The documentary was released on DVD to coincide with the 25th anniversary of Iris' solo career.", "Magnificent Obsession (album) Magnificent Obsession is the second and final studio album from 1980s pop-rock act Cellarful of Noise, a solo project of Mark Avsec of Donnie Iris fame. The album was released in March 1988, with some of the tracks featuring Donnie Iris on vocals. During 1984-85, Mark Avsec began working on a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. After releasing the album of the same name that year, both Avsec and Donnie Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers were still their main focus. The band returned to the studio in 1986 and recorded a new album titled \"Cruise Control\"; however, a lawsuit with the band's former label MCA resulted in the shelving of the album. With the band's current label HME going out of business, the band became an unsigned act. Since the band had come to a halt, Avsec started working on the second Cellarful of Noise album \"Magnificent Obsession\". This time, however, he approached Iris to help on the project, and he provided lead vocals on a selection of tracks, as well as co-writing a couple of them. Alan Greene once more contributed guitar parts, while the Cruisers' Marty Lee also added some guitar. Released in 1988, the album produced a moderately successful single, \"Samantha (What You Gonna Do)\", which reached No. 69 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in April 1988. Afterwards Avsec backed away from the music scene as a solo act and has since continued to perform and record with Iris as well as pursue his full-time career as an entertainment lawyer. In a 1988 interview with \"AOR Basement\", Avsec revealed to Ian McIntosh: \"After doing another LP [with Donnie Iris] called \"Cruise Control\", I went off to work with Mason Ruffner on his \"Gypsy Blood\" LP.", "No Muss... No Fuss No Muss... No Fuss is the fifth studio album by American rock singer Donnie Iris, released in 1985. Between 1980-84 Iris had released four studio albums, three of which were released through MCA Records and generated a string of moderate and minor hit singles, including the two Top 30 tracks \" Ah! Leah!\" (1981) and \"My Girl\" (1982). After the limited success of \"Fortune 410\", Iris departed MCA in 1984 and signed with the independent label HME Records. In the aftermath of mainstream indifference and legal tangles with MCA, Iris released \"No Muss... No Fuss\" in 1985 through their new label. The album peaked at No. 115 on the \"Billboard\" 200, while the lead single, \"Injured in the Game of Love\", reached No. 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 28 on the Mainstream Rock chart. \" State of the Heart\" was issued as the album's second single, but as a promotional release only. \"State of the Heart\". Iris would not release any further material until the 1992 album \"Out of the Blue\". Just prior to the release of \"No Muss... No Fuss\", the band split into different directions. Drummer Kevin Valentine and bassist Albritton McClain left to join a new group, The Innocent, and were replaced by Scott Alan Williamson on bass and Tommy Rich on drums. That same year, keyboardist Mark Avsec released a solo project under the moniker Cellarful of Noise. Even after releasing the eponymous debut album that same year, Avsec and Iris maintained that Donnie Iris and the Cruisers was still their main focus, and that they wanted to continue to release new albums with the band and its new line-up."], "answer": {"text": "Per his mother's encouragement, Ierace began singing at weddings at age five, and by eight was performing on local television and entering talent contests.", "answer_start": 370}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Donnie Iris born?", "answer": {"text": "Dominic Ierace was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he get into music?", "answer": {"text": "young Dominic began to learn how to sing at an early age from his mother, who had sung in Curly Venezie's orchestra.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he learn how to play any instruments?", "answer": {"text": "The popularity of rock and roll inspired Ierace to become a self-taught guitarist.", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65d95d125a1f47b2915bde3b9e2b7ba0_1_q#0", "question": "What is notable about Payton's playing style?", "rewrite": "What is notable about Payton's playing style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The two began dating but Payton ended the relationship after meeting and becoming engaged to actor Franchot Tone. Despite her engagement, Payton began seeing Neal again. On September 14, 1951, Neal, Payton and Tone made headlines after Neal got into a physical altercation with Tone over Payton in her front yard. Neal beat Tone severely while Payton reportedly watched the fight. Tone suffered severe injuries, including a smashed cheekbone, a broken nose and a brain concussion for which he was hospitalized. After he recovered, Tone and Payton married on September 28, 1951. Payton left Tone after 53 days and returned to Neal. Tone filed for divorce in March 1952 citing Payton with adultery. Neal and Payton announced their engagement in May 1953 but eventually ended their relationship later that year. Shortly after their breakup, Neal married Patricia Fenton. His only child, Patrick Thomas Neal, was born in 1957. Fenton died the following year from cancer. In 1992, Patrick Neal (who goes by the name Tom Neal, Jr.) appeared in one film, playing the role of Al Roberts in a 1992 independent remake of \"Detour.\" After his much publicized fight with Franchot Tone, Neal was blacklisted in Hollywood, as was Payton. He acted sporadically but became more known for his tumultuous on-and-off relationship with Payton. Neal and Payton attempted to capitalize on the interest in their relationship by starring together in the low budget Western \"The Great Jesse James Raid\", in 1953. The film did reasonably well but did nothing to revitalize the couple's careers. In June 1953, Neal and Payton accepted an offer to star in the touring production of \"The Postman Always Rings Twice\". Their performances were largely panned and the tour ended in September 1953. Neal and Payton broke up for the final time in November 1953.", "Karl Malone was the only player to log more minutes of playing time than Payton in the 1990s. \" Sports Illustrated\" labeled Payton's 2003\u201304 season as the best season ever by a point guard aged 35 or older, with the exception of John Stockton's later years, and Payton continued to play at a high level even as he advanced in age. In his later years, Payton gained recognition as a clutch performer, hitting several key shots during the Miami Heat's 2006 championship run. In 2006, he was referred to as \"obviously...one of the greatest clutch shooters of our time\". Payton is the son of Al and Annie Payton. He married Monique James on July 26, 1997. They later divorced. They lived in Oakland and Las Vegas and have three children: Gary II, Julian, and Raquel. Payton also has another son named Gary Payton Jr with a different mother. His brother, Brandon, played in New Zealand for a period of time, playing for the Manawatu Jets. Payton is ambidextrous because while he shoots with his right hand and can lay up with either, he writes with his left hand. Gary Payton II, Payton's son, was a member of the Washington Wizards. During the 2008\u201309 season, Payton served as a studio analyst for NBA TV and as an occasional substitute analyst on \"The NBA on TNT\". He was replaced with Kevin McHale for the 2009\u201310 season. In 2013, Payton was named an analyst for Fox Sports 1's \"Fox Sports Live\". For the 2016 NFL season, Payton provided weekly picks for Sports Betting Dime. Payton has appeared in \"White Men Can't Jump\" (1992), \"Eddie\" (1996), \"Like Mike\" (2002), \"\" (2019), and also performed a speaking role in the 1999 comedy film \"The Breaks\".", "Jarrett Payton Jarrett Walter Payton (born December 26, 1980) is a former professional NFL running back. He is the son of Walter Payton. Payton was previously signed as an undrafted free agent by the NFL Tennessee Titans. Payton also played for the Montreal Alouettes and Toronto Argonauts. Payton finished his playing career with the Chicago Slaughter of the Indoor Football League and hosts his own internet radio show named the \"Jarrett Payton Show\" on ChicagolandSportsRadio.com. Payton played high school soccer and football at St. Viator High School. In his first two years of high school, he opted for soccer and earned All-State player honors. As a senior in high school Payton accounted for 2,842 all-purpose yards while playing quarterback, tailback, and wide receiver (passed for 1,088 yards and rushed for another 1,345 yards). He was rated the No. 58 overall prospect in the nation by The Sporting News and named the No. 5 athlete in the Midwest Region by PrepStar. As a freshman at the University of Miami, Payton saw action in several games. He finished his freshman year with 262 yards rushing on 53 carries for a 4.9 average. He also totaled six catches for 48 yards (8.0 average) and returned two kickoffs for 44 yards. As a sophomore in college Payton sat out the season with a redshirt year (not medically related). As a third-year sophomore, moving to fullback from tailback, Payton played in eight games during the regular season and gained 26 yards on 14 carries with two touchdowns. In 2002, as a fourth year junior, he played extensively at tailback and as a starting kickoff return man (averaged 20.7 yards per kickoff return). At tailback he rushed for 223 yards on 50 carries (4.5 average).", "The NFL's action left Payton's contract status in doubt beyond the 2012 season, although Payton said that he intended to return to the Saints. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell reinstated Payton on January 22, 2013. During his 2012 suspension from the NFL, Payton served as the offensive coordinator for his son Connor's sixth-grade team in Argyle, Texas. Payton used a simplified version of the Saints playbook, and the team went unbeaten until losing near the end of the regular season to a team that ran the single-wing, which his team was unable to stop. Since he believed he would face that team again in the league's playoffs, he obtained video that the father of one of his players recorded, and then contacted his mentor Parcells to help him break down the opponent's offense. The teams indeed faced one another in the league finals; Payton's team lost a considerably closer game in which they were able to slow down the opposing offense to a Springtown Pee Wee team. NFL head coaches under whom Sean Payton has served: Assistant coaches under Sean Payton who became NFL or college head coaches: Sean Payton married Beth Shuey and had two children, daughter Meghan (born 1997) and son Connor (born 2000). While coaching at Indiana State, Payton met Shuey, a graduate of the university. Payton is of Irish Catholic extraction. Payton and his family moved to a home in Mandeville, Louisiana when he became the Saints' head coach; however, the home, like many built on the Gulf Coast after Hurricane Katrina, later turned out to be constructed with defective Chinese drywall, and Payton eventually became a named plaintiff in a widely reported class action lawsuit against the manufacturer,", "Elfrid Payton (Canadian football) Elfrid Payton Sr. (born September 22, 1967) is a former all-star gridiron football player in the Canadian Football League. Payton graduated from Grambling State University. Payton played with seven different teams over the course of his career. 1991 to 1993 \u2013 Payton played with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, where he was an all-star and James P. McCaffrey Trophy winner in 1993. 1994 \u2013 Payton started the season with the Shreveport Pirates, but finished with the Grey Cup finalist Baltimore CFLers, registering twenty seven tackles and four sacks. 1995 \u2013 Payton had eighteen sacks in an all-star season with the Grey Cup champion Baltimore Stallions. 1996 to 1999 \u2013 Payton had three all-star seasons (1997, 1998 and 1999) with the Montreal Alouettes. 2000 \u2013 Payton returned to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. 2001 \u2013 Payton was an all-star with the Toronto Argonauts. 2002 to 2003 \u2013 Payton played with the Edmonton Eskimos, where he won the CFL's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award and was an all star in 2002, and won a Grey Cup in 2003. 2004 \u2013 Payton returned to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Payton played in 189 total regular season games, seventeen playoff games, and four Grey Cups. His 154 career sacks are the 2nd highest career total in CFL history. In 2010 Payton was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame. Payton's son, also named Elfrid, was a basketball player at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette who won the 2014 Lefty Driesell Award, and now plays for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association."], "answer": {"text": "Payton refused to deliberately run out-of-bounds and always delivered some punishment to his tacklers before being forced off the field or forced down.", "answer_start": 205}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_65d95d125a1f47b2915bde3b9e2b7ba0_1_q#1", "question": "What else did he do?", "rewrite": "What else did Walter Payton do besides besides playing own style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Walter Payton (musician) Walter Payton, Jr. (August 23, 1942 \u2013 October 28, 2010) was an American jazz bassist and sousaphonist. Payton was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He played with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, the French Market Jazz Hall Band and the Young Tuxedo Brass Band, and led his own group called the Snap Bean Band. His recording credits include Lee Dorsey's \"Working in the Coal Mine\", and Payton variously worked with Aaron Neville, Harry Connick Jr., Champion Jack Dupree and Chuck Carbo. Peyton appeared on SNL (Walter Payton/Walter Payton) Payton died in his hometown of New Orleans, after an illness, aged 68. He was the father of jazz trumpet player Nicholas Payton.", "Walter Payton College Prep Walter Payton College Preparatory High School (commonly known as Payton College Prep, W.P.C.P, or simply Payton) is a public 4-year selective enrollment magnet high school located in the Old Town neighborhood on the north side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Walter Payton College Prep, founded in 2000, is part of the Chicago Public Schools system. The school, which is located on Chicago's near north side, is one of the city's nine selective enrollment high schools. It was named after football legend Walter Payton, a former member of the Chicago Bears who died shortly before the school opened. The school colors are blue and orange, the colors of the Chicago Bears. After principal Gail Ward left the school in 2006, Ellen Estrada became principal. In 2011, a new administration was formed under Timothy Devine with D'Andre Weaver and Michelle Washington as Assistant Principals. In May 2006 the Confucius Institute in Chicago was opened at Payton, as a partnership between Chicago Public Schools, the Office of Chinese Language Council International and Shanghai's East China Normal University it is the only Confucius Institute in the world housed in a high school. On January 21, 2011, President Hu Jintao of China visited the school, where he saw the KAM and AP Chinese classes, and invited 20 faculty and students to China for the upcoming summer. The Payton Choir was one of eight US choirs to travel to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. In September 2013, Mayor Rahm Emanuel announced plans to build a new annex behind the original building to house more students. The annex was completed and opened by the beginning of the 2016 school year. The annex features a new gym and a black box theater. It cost $17 million to build.", "He was awarded the Walter Payton Award for that year and was a consensus first-team All-American. Payton again led Marshall to the I-AA title contest, where they defeated Youngstown State in the 1992 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game, giving Marshall their first I-AA title. He was again named Southern Conference Player of the Year, West Virginia Athlete of the Year and Man of the Year. Payton finished his college tenure as the Southern Conference's all-time career passing leader, and received the Walter Payton Award, which is given annually to the best player in Division I-AA football. Payton is Marshall's fourth highest ever passer with 9.411 career yards-gained (exceeding the previous record by more than 2,300 yards) and their fifth highest all-time scorer with 69 career touchdowns. At Marshall, he played frequently with future New England Patriots receiver Troy Brown. After graduating from college Payton had a brief stint with the Dallas Cowboys as a free agent but his time there was cut short by compartment syndrome, which caused numbness in one of his feet. Payton collapsed after a couple of months in Dallas and was in danger of losing his leg. He returned to practice within three weeks but was dropped by Dallas days later. Afterwards Payton played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the Canadian Football League. Payton played for one season in the Arena Football League. He played as a back-up quarterback for the Florida Bobcats in 1996. That year, he completed three passes on 17 attempts and threw one interception. Payton was inducted in the Marshall University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1999. In January 2015, Payton was one of 17 players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. Payton was active with the charities Drug Abuse Resistance Education and Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. He was also a senior counsellor for Alternative Rehabilitation Communities, a personal trainer and life coach.", "Payton is the son of Walter Payton, the former Chicago Bears running back great, and grew up in Arlington Heights, Illinois and South Barrington, Illinois. He has a sister, Brittney. In 1993, 12-year-old Jarrett gave the induction speech at his father's induction to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He wore jerseys numbered 33, 4 (Titans), and 34 (Miami). Payton chose 33 when he played with the Titans because #34 was retired in honor of Earl Campbell. He wore #34 with the Chicago Slaughter. Apart from playing football, Payton spends his time recording music. He married the former Trisha George on March 4, 2009 in Florida. The wedding date was intentionally set on this date to coincide with Walter Payton's famous #34 with the Bears. They held their reception at Soldier Field in Chicago on March 7. The couple has two children, son Jaden and daughter Madison. In 2011, Payton formed the Jarrett Payton Foundation. The Jarrett Payton Foundation strives to positively influence young people in and around Chicago through two core programs: the youth football camp The Jarrett Payton Leadership Academy, and the anti-bullying program PROJECT: NO BULL. Both programs are continually expanding. On May 8, 2015, Payton was hired as a sports reporter by WGN-TV, which includes a role as a host of a show on Chicagoland Television.", "Jarrett Payton Jarrett Walter Payton (born December 26, 1980) is a former professional NFL running back. He is the son of Walter Payton. Payton was previously signed as an undrafted free agent by the NFL Tennessee Titans. Payton also played for the Montreal Alouettes and Toronto Argonauts. Payton finished his playing career with the Chicago Slaughter of the Indoor Football League and hosts his own internet radio show named the \"Jarrett Payton Show\" on ChicagolandSportsRadio.com. Payton played high school soccer and football at St. Viator High School. In his first two years of high school, he opted for soccer and earned All-State player honors. As a senior in high school Payton accounted for 2,842 all-purpose yards while playing quarterback, tailback, and wide receiver (passed for 1,088 yards and rushed for another 1,345 yards). He was rated the No. 58 overall prospect in the nation by The Sporting News and named the No. 5 athlete in the Midwest Region by PrepStar. As a freshman at the University of Miami, Payton saw action in several games. He finished his freshman year with 262 yards rushing on 53 carries for a 4.9 average. He also totaled six catches for 48 yards (8.0 average) and returned two kickoffs for 44 yards. As a sophomore in college Payton sat out the season with a redshirt year (not medically related). As a third-year sophomore, moving to fullback from tailback, Payton played in eight games during the regular season and gained 26 yards on 14 carries with two touchdowns. In 2002, as a fourth year junior, he played extensively at tailback and as a starting kickoff return man (averaged 20.7 yards per kickoff return). At tailback he rushed for 223 yards on 50 carries (4.5 average)."], "answer": {"text": "One of Payton's signature maneuvers was the \"stutter-step\", a high-stepping, irregularly paced run.", "answer_start": 357}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is notable about Payton's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Payton refused to deliberately run out-of-bounds and always delivered some punishment to his tacklers before being forced off the field or forced down.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65d95d125a1f47b2915bde3b9e2b7ba0_1_q#2", "question": "Did he have any other moves?", "rewrite": "Did Walter Payton have any other moves besides \"stutter-step\"?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He was awarded the Walter Payton Award for that year and was a consensus first-team All-American. Payton again led Marshall to the I-AA title contest, where they defeated Youngstown State in the 1992 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game, giving Marshall their first I-AA title. He was again named Southern Conference Player of the Year, West Virginia Athlete of the Year and Man of the Year. Payton finished his college tenure as the Southern Conference's all-time career passing leader, and received the Walter Payton Award, which is given annually to the best player in Division I-AA football. Payton is Marshall's fourth highest ever passer with 9.411 career yards-gained (exceeding the previous record by more than 2,300 yards) and their fifth highest all-time scorer with 69 career touchdowns. At Marshall, he played frequently with future New England Patriots receiver Troy Brown. After graduating from college Payton had a brief stint with the Dallas Cowboys as a free agent but his time there was cut short by compartment syndrome, which caused numbness in one of his feet. Payton collapsed after a couple of months in Dallas and was in danger of losing his leg. He returned to practice within three weeks but was dropped by Dallas days later. Afterwards Payton played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the Canadian Football League. Payton played for one season in the Arena Football League. He played as a back-up quarterback for the Florida Bobcats in 1996. That year, he completed three passes on 17 attempts and threw one interception. Payton was inducted in the Marshall University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1999. In January 2015, Payton was one of 17 players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. Payton was active with the charities Drug Abuse Resistance Education and Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. He was also a senior counsellor for Alternative Rehabilitation Communities, a personal trainer and life coach.", "Walter Payton College Prep Walter Payton College Preparatory High School (commonly known as Payton College Prep, W.P.C.P, or simply Payton) is a public 4-year selective enrollment magnet high school located in the Old Town neighborhood on the north side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Walter Payton College Prep, founded in 2000, is part of the Chicago Public Schools system. The school, which is located on Chicago's near north side, is one of the city's nine selective enrollment high schools. It was named after football legend Walter Payton, a former member of the Chicago Bears who died shortly before the school opened. The school colors are blue and orange, the colors of the Chicago Bears. After principal Gail Ward left the school in 2006, Ellen Estrada became principal. In 2011, a new administration was formed under Timothy Devine with D'Andre Weaver and Michelle Washington as Assistant Principals. In May 2006 the Confucius Institute in Chicago was opened at Payton, as a partnership between Chicago Public Schools, the Office of Chinese Language Council International and Shanghai's East China Normal University it is the only Confucius Institute in the world housed in a high school. On January 21, 2011, President Hu Jintao of China visited the school, where he saw the KAM and AP Chinese classes, and invited 20 faculty and students to China for the upcoming summer. The Payton Choir was one of eight US choirs to travel to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. In September 2013, Mayor Rahm Emanuel announced plans to build a new annex behind the original building to house more students. The annex was completed and opened by the beginning of the 2016 school year. The annex features a new gym and a black box theater. It cost $17 million to build.", "Walter Payton (musician) Walter Payton, Jr. (August 23, 1942 \u2013 October 28, 2010) was an American jazz bassist and sousaphonist. Payton was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He played with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, the French Market Jazz Hall Band and the Young Tuxedo Brass Band, and led his own group called the Snap Bean Band. His recording credits include Lee Dorsey's \"Working in the Coal Mine\", and Payton variously worked with Aaron Neville, Harry Connick Jr., Champion Jack Dupree and Chuck Carbo. Peyton appeared on SNL (Walter Payton/Walter Payton) Payton died in his hometown of New Orleans, after an illness, aged 68. He was the father of jazz trumpet player Nicholas Payton.", "Jarrett Payton Jarrett Walter Payton (born December 26, 1980) is a former professional NFL running back. He is the son of Walter Payton. Payton was previously signed as an undrafted free agent by the NFL Tennessee Titans. Payton also played for the Montreal Alouettes and Toronto Argonauts. Payton finished his playing career with the Chicago Slaughter of the Indoor Football League and hosts his own internet radio show named the \"Jarrett Payton Show\" on ChicagolandSportsRadio.com. Payton played high school soccer and football at St. Viator High School. In his first two years of high school, he opted for soccer and earned All-State player honors. As a senior in high school Payton accounted for 2,842 all-purpose yards while playing quarterback, tailback, and wide receiver (passed for 1,088 yards and rushed for another 1,345 yards). He was rated the No. 58 overall prospect in the nation by The Sporting News and named the No. 5 athlete in the Midwest Region by PrepStar. As a freshman at the University of Miami, Payton saw action in several games. He finished his freshman year with 262 yards rushing on 53 carries for a 4.9 average. He also totaled six catches for 48 yards (8.0 average) and returned two kickoffs for 44 yards. As a sophomore in college Payton sat out the season with a redshirt year (not medically related). As a third-year sophomore, moving to fullback from tailback, Payton played in eight games during the regular season and gained 26 yards on 14 carries with two touchdowns. In 2002, as a fourth year junior, he played extensively at tailback and as a starting kickoff return man (averaged 20.7 yards per kickoff return). At tailback he rushed for 223 yards on 50 carries (4.5 average).", "Payton is the son of Walter Payton, the former Chicago Bears running back great, and grew up in Arlington Heights, Illinois and South Barrington, Illinois. He has a sister, Brittney. In 1993, 12-year-old Jarrett gave the induction speech at his father's induction to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He wore jerseys numbered 33, 4 (Titans), and 34 (Miami). Payton chose 33 when he played with the Titans because #34 was retired in honor of Earl Campbell. He wore #34 with the Chicago Slaughter. Apart from playing football, Payton spends his time recording music. He married the former Trisha George on March 4, 2009 in Florida. The wedding date was intentionally set on this date to coincide with Walter Payton's famous #34 with the Bears. They held their reception at Soldier Field in Chicago on March 7. The couple has two children, son Jaden and daughter Madison. In 2011, Payton formed the Jarrett Payton Foundation. The Jarrett Payton Foundation strives to positively influence young people in and around Chicago through two core programs: the youth football camp The Jarrett Payton Leadership Academy, and the anti-bullying program PROJECT: NO BULL. Both programs are continually expanding. On May 8, 2015, Payton was hired as a sports reporter by WGN-TV, which includes a role as a host of a show on Chicagoland Television."], "answer": {"text": "He developed this as a way to distract his pursuers during long runs, saying that it startled them into thinking and gave him some advantage", "answer_start": 457}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is notable about Payton's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Payton refused to deliberately run out-of-bounds and always delivered some punishment to his tacklers before being forced off the field or forced down.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "One of Payton's signature maneuvers was the \"stutter-step\", a high-stepping, irregularly paced run.", "answer_start": 357, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_65d95d125a1f47b2915bde3b9e2b7ba0_1_q#3", "question": "What else is significant about his style?", "rewrite": "What else is significant about Walter Payton's style besides \"stutter-step\" and distracting pursuers during long runs?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jarrett Payton Jarrett Walter Payton (born December 26, 1980) is a former professional NFL running back. He is the son of Walter Payton. Payton was previously signed as an undrafted free agent by the NFL Tennessee Titans. Payton also played for the Montreal Alouettes and Toronto Argonauts. Payton finished his playing career with the Chicago Slaughter of the Indoor Football League and hosts his own internet radio show named the \"Jarrett Payton Show\" on ChicagolandSportsRadio.com. Payton played high school soccer and football at St. Viator High School. In his first two years of high school, he opted for soccer and earned All-State player honors. As a senior in high school Payton accounted for 2,842 all-purpose yards while playing quarterback, tailback, and wide receiver (passed for 1,088 yards and rushed for another 1,345 yards). He was rated the No. 58 overall prospect in the nation by The Sporting News and named the No. 5 athlete in the Midwest Region by PrepStar. As a freshman at the University of Miami, Payton saw action in several games. He finished his freshman year with 262 yards rushing on 53 carries for a 4.9 average. He also totaled six catches for 48 yards (8.0 average) and returned two kickoffs for 44 yards. As a sophomore in college Payton sat out the season with a redshirt year (not medically related). As a third-year sophomore, moving to fullback from tailback, Payton played in eight games during the regular season and gained 26 yards on 14 carries with two touchdowns. In 2002, as a fourth year junior, he played extensively at tailback and as a starting kickoff return man (averaged 20.7 yards per kickoff return). At tailback he rushed for 223 yards on 50 carries (4.5 average).", "He was awarded the Walter Payton Award for that year and was a consensus first-team All-American. Payton again led Marshall to the I-AA title contest, where they defeated Youngstown State in the 1992 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game, giving Marshall their first I-AA title. He was again named Southern Conference Player of the Year, West Virginia Athlete of the Year and Man of the Year. Payton finished his college tenure as the Southern Conference's all-time career passing leader, and received the Walter Payton Award, which is given annually to the best player in Division I-AA football. Payton is Marshall's fourth highest ever passer with 9.411 career yards-gained (exceeding the previous record by more than 2,300 yards) and their fifth highest all-time scorer with 69 career touchdowns. At Marshall, he played frequently with future New England Patriots receiver Troy Brown. After graduating from college Payton had a brief stint with the Dallas Cowboys as a free agent but his time there was cut short by compartment syndrome, which caused numbness in one of his feet. Payton collapsed after a couple of months in Dallas and was in danger of losing his leg. He returned to practice within three weeks but was dropped by Dallas days later. Afterwards Payton played for the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the Canadian Football League. Payton played for one season in the Arena Football League. He played as a back-up quarterback for the Florida Bobcats in 1996. That year, he completed three passes on 17 attempts and threw one interception. Payton was inducted in the Marshall University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1999. In January 2015, Payton was one of 17 players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. Payton was active with the charities Drug Abuse Resistance Education and Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. He was also a senior counsellor for Alternative Rehabilitation Communities, a personal trainer and life coach.", "Walter Payton (musician) Walter Payton, Jr. (August 23, 1942 \u2013 October 28, 2010) was an American jazz bassist and sousaphonist. Payton was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He played with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band, the French Market Jazz Hall Band and the Young Tuxedo Brass Band, and led his own group called the Snap Bean Band. His recording credits include Lee Dorsey's \"Working in the Coal Mine\", and Payton variously worked with Aaron Neville, Harry Connick Jr., Champion Jack Dupree and Chuck Carbo. Peyton appeared on SNL (Walter Payton/Walter Payton) Payton died in his hometown of New Orleans, after an illness, aged 68. He was the father of jazz trumpet player Nicholas Payton.", "Walter Payton College Prep Walter Payton College Preparatory High School (commonly known as Payton College Prep, W.P.C.P, or simply Payton) is a public 4-year selective enrollment magnet high school located in the Old Town neighborhood on the north side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Walter Payton College Prep, founded in 2000, is part of the Chicago Public Schools system. The school, which is located on Chicago's near north side, is one of the city's nine selective enrollment high schools. It was named after football legend Walter Payton, a former member of the Chicago Bears who died shortly before the school opened. The school colors are blue and orange, the colors of the Chicago Bears. After principal Gail Ward left the school in 2006, Ellen Estrada became principal. In 2011, a new administration was formed under Timothy Devine with D'Andre Weaver and Michelle Washington as Assistant Principals. In May 2006 the Confucius Institute in Chicago was opened at Payton, as a partnership between Chicago Public Schools, the Office of Chinese Language Council International and Shanghai's East China Normal University it is the only Confucius Institute in the world housed in a high school. On January 21, 2011, President Hu Jintao of China visited the school, where he saw the KAM and AP Chinese classes, and invited 20 faculty and students to China for the upcoming summer. The Payton Choir was one of eight US choirs to travel to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. In September 2013, Mayor Rahm Emanuel announced plans to build a new annex behind the original building to house more students. The annex was completed and opened by the beginning of the 2016 school year. The annex features a new gym and a black box theater. It cost $17 million to build.", "Payton's motto was \"Never Die Easy\", which is also the title of his posthumously published autobiography. Payton attributed this motto to Bob Hill, his coach at Jackson State. In practice, this meant that Payton refused to deliberately run out-of-bounds and always delivered some punishment to his tacklers before being forced off the field or forced down. One of Payton's signature maneuvers was the \"stutter-step\", a high-stepping, irregularly paced run. He developed this as a way to distract his pursuers during long runs, saying that it startled them into thinking and gave him some advantage over players who were actually faster runners. In his autobiography, he likened the stutter step to a kind of \"option play\": when he was stutter-stepping, defenders would have to commit to a pursuit angle based upon whether they thought he would accelerate after the stutter-step, or cut -- he would read this angle and do the opposite of what the defender had committed to. He re-invented the practice of stiff-arming his tacklers, which had gone out of favor among running backs in the 1970s. At times, he used his high school experience as a long jumper to leap over his opponents, landing on his head in the end zone to gain a touchdown in a game against the Buffalo Bills. His running gait was somewhat unusual, as his knees were minimally bent, and the motion was largely powered from the hip. This may have given his knees, a football player's most vulnerable joints, some protection, although he underwent arthroscopic surgery on both knees in 1983. He referred to this procedure as an 11,000-yard checkup. After scoring touchdowns, Payton declined to celebrate; instead, he would often hand the ball to his teammates or the official."], "answer": {"text": "He re-invented the practice of stiff-arming his tacklers, which had gone out of favor among running backs in the 1970s.", "answer_start": 973}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is notable about Payton's playing style?", "answer": {"text": "Payton refused to deliberately run out-of-bounds and always delivered some punishment to his tacklers before being forced off the field or forced down.", "answer_start": 205, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do?", "answer": {"text": "One of Payton's signature maneuvers was the \"stutter-step\", a high-stepping, irregularly paced run.", "answer_start": 357, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any other moves?", "answer": {"text": "He developed this as a way to distract his pursuers during long runs, saying that it startled them into thinking and gave him some advantage", "answer_start": 457, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2b4c0426e054a0c97aac99890a65bd7_1_q#0", "question": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "rewrite": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As well as obtaining a high placing in the UK chart with \"Yesterday Man\", it also climbed to No. 1 in Ireland and Germany. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Later releases were not as successful, but his own hits are seen as early examples of bluebeat influenced white pop music. Although his chart appearances dwindled in Britain by 1966, his chart topping success continued in mainland Europe for a number of years, particularly in Germany, and Andrews often recorded in foreign languages. It is possible that Chris Andrews' huge success in Germany was connected to the fact that his two UK hits, at least, were rhythmically redolent of Oom-pah music (although not intentionally so; see above), thus making them more acceptable to older German audiences who would not have liked many of the other Anglophone songs which became hits there. In South Africa, his later single releases proved particularly popular, with \"Pretty Belinda\" (1969), \"Carol OK\" and \"Brown Eyes\" (both 1970) all topping the charts there. \" Yo Yo\" reached No. 7 at the end of 1970. Andrews remains active in his career as a singer-songwriter, working primarily in continental Europe and in the United Kingdom. He lives with his second wife Alexandra, who is also his manager, in Selm, Germany, and Mallorca. Because of the Brexit vote, Andrews obtained also a German citizenship in 2016.", "Stuart John Wood Stuart John \"Woody\" Wood (born 25 February 1957) is a Scottish musician, songwriter and producer best known as a guitarist for the 1970s band the Bay City Rollers. After his success with The Rollers, Wood moved to South Africa and performed in a band called The Passengers, which became a chart topping success throughout the 1980s. Upon returning home, Wood became a record producer in Scotland. His successes have included producing Virgin Records' \"The Lone Piper\" and \"Scottish Moods\" which were certified Platinum and Gold in sales. In 2007, he also produced the debut album of The MacDonald Brothers. The album entered the UK Albums Chart at No. 18 and reached No. 1 on the Scottish Albums Chart. He remains active touring the world with his new generation Bay City Rollers and also behind the scenes in the music industry, producing music through The Music Kitchen.", "Even though the Rickrolling meme had a significant impact in Singapore for a time, where radio stations kept playing Rick Astley's signature song and Astley himself was one of the three special guest performers at Class 95FM's Retrolicious Reunion in 2013, most older Western artists, especially those from the 1970's, 1980's, and early 1990's, were no longer popular in most of Asia by this time. By the late 2000s and early 2010s, South Africa began a great phase of high music experimentation of genres previously not very prominent in the country while maintaining its rooted music. The chart success of the 2010 FIFA World Cup song \"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)\", which featured South African band Freshlyground-resulted in one of the country's first major chart topping hits by their own artist, launching a great amount of inspiration to other local instrumentalists. Following the success, Die Antwoord became one of the first acts of the country to obtain three albums that charted in the top 150 of the \"Billboard\" 200, marking new highs for the country's music industry. One of the band's singles, \"Enter The Ninja,\" also obtained top 50 positions in the United Kingdom and Australia. Rapper AKA also received a high amount of recognition by 2013, becoming famous for local chart topping hits, including \"Congratulate\" and \"All Eyes On Me. \" The country introduced its first official, internationally recognized music chart Mediaguide, later renamed Entertainment Monitoring Africa. The chart currently relies on airplay for its charting positions, as opposed to others that also count physical purchases, downloads, and streams. South African rapper Emtee kept working on his music throughout his late teen years. He released his hit single \"Roll Up\" which has gained critical success.", "A month later, it rose to number nine, in that week becoming the \"greatest digital gainer\". In the following week, it fell to number thirty-three following the removal of the single from digital retailers. \" Glamorous\" re-appeared in the top ten after its re-release, rising from number fifty-five, and peaked at number one on the issue dated March 24, 2007, selling 166,000 downloads during that week. It became her second number one single in the United States and held the top position for two weeks. The single spent twenty-nine weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, twenty-four of which were in the top fifty. The single went on to sell 3,012,000 digital downloads in the United States, enough to earn a double-platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). \"Glamorous\" stands as Fergie's third best selling single behind \"Big Girls Don't Cry\" and \"Fergalicious\". The song was moderately successful on \"Billboard\" component charts Adult Pop Songs and Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs, while achieving chart topping success on Hot Dance Club Songs and reaching number two on Pop Songs. In Canada, the song reached number twelve on the Canadian Hot 100 and lasted eleven weeks on the chart. The commercial reception of \"Glamorous\" in other countries was generally positive, with some countries matching the success experienced in America. In Australia, the song debuted at number ten on the singles chart. It eventually rose to number two on May 28, 2007, being held off by Avril Lavigne's \"Girlfriend\". The song eventually left the chart after twenty six weeks, selling 70,000 copies in the country and earned a platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).", "MC Rage Patrick Williams known by his stage names \"MC Rage\" or \"Ronny Money\", is an American musician and former hardcore producer and emcee, based in Las Vegas, Nevada. He first became known while living in Italy stationed as a soldier, where he initiated his recording career in 1991 as Digital Boy's hype man performing as \"MC Fresh\" during the \u201cTechnological\u201d tour. He continued with Digital Boy (also known as D-Boy, real name Luca Pretolesi) performing as a featured artist on several songs found on the \u201cFuturistic\u201d album. His first successful recording, \u201cRevolution,\u201d by the Italian DJ Molella, was released with little to no credit for his participation. The song was the first ever chart topping success for DJ Molella. After his first single release in 1992 titled \u201cDon\u2019t You Wanna Be Free\u201d had very little commercial success, he returned with the name \u201cRonny Money\u201d, after which he achieved his first chart topping performance with \u201cUla La\u201d in 1993. Still working closely with Digital Boy, Ronnie wrote the number one hit \u201cThe Mountain of King\u201c along with several other songs on Digital Boy's album \u201cTen Steps to the Rise\u201d (1995). After a series of successful releases such as \u201cMoney\u2019s Back\u201d, \u201cAgain and Again\u201d and \u201cDon\u2019t You Know\u201d featuring Jeffrey Jey from The Bliss Team, Williams went on to host \u201cCaos Time\u201d on the Italian TV channel Videomusic, and a regional radio show. He made a featured appearance on Adriano Celentano's \u201cQuel Punto\u201c album in 1994. This was the same year he received recognition as the Male Dance Artist of the Year. Together with Digital Boy, Williams created D-Boy Black label in 1995 and the two focused their energy on the high speed underground techno known as hardcore."], "answer": {"text": "The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date.", "answer_start": 86}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e2b4c0426e054a0c97aac99890a65bd7_1_q#1", "question": "What year did \"Nemo\" release?", "rewrite": "What year was \"Nemo\" released by Nightwish?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Holopainen originally confirmed that he was producing a solo project in 2012. Holopainen stated on his website, The Escapist, that he planned to devote his time completely to songwriting for the project in Feb\u2013April 2013 after the Nightwish Imaginaerum tour. In 2014 he released \"Music Inspired by the Life and Times of Scrooge\" based on the comic book series \" The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" by Don Rosa. The record featured Nightwish musician Troy Donockley as well as the London session musicians used previously in recent Nightwish releases. In a November 2015 interview, he revealed plans to release a book with short fantasy and horror stories influenced by Neil Gaiman and Stephen King. Holopainen is a source of inspiration for other bands, especially within symphonic, gothic and power metal. Simone Simons, lead singer of Epica, stated that she began singing due to Nightwish. Ex-singer of Visions of Atlantis, Nicole Bogner, also acknowledged that Nightwish had greatly inspired the band, especially for their first album. Sander Gommans of After Forever said that Nightwish \"will certainly influence us in creating new songs\". Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica's lead singer Tony Kakko, who has worked with Nightwish both in making the \"Beauty and the Beast\" duet with Tarja Turunen and as a crowd warmer, several times explained how much of an influence Nightwish is for him. In the early days of Nightwish, Holopainen was the band's male vocalist, performing all male vocals on \"Angels Fall First\". For subsequent releases up until the arrival of bassist and male vocalist Marco Hietala, the band has recruited sessional male vocalists, as Holopainen preferred to focus entirely on his keyboards.", "The song, \"While Your Lips Are Still Red\", was the first song he had written specifically for a film, though several Nightwish songs (\"Nemo\", \"Wish I Had an Angel\", \"Amaranth\") have been included in film soundtracks. Holopainen has said that writing film scores is something he would like to do in the future. On \"While Your Lips Are Still Red\", in addition to Holopainen on piano, Marco Hietala performs vocals and acoustic bass guitar, and Jukka Nevalainen plays drums. In 2007, Holopainen played keyboards with Finnish punk band Kyl\u00e4hullut on their EP \"Lis\u00e4\u00e4 persett\u00e4 r\u00e4ttip\u00e4ille\". He would return to play keyboards on their following album \"Per\u00e4aukko sivistyksess\u00e4. \" Holopainen can be heard singing with the chorus on both of these releases. The new vocalist for Nightwish was revealed in May 2007; Swede Anette Olzon, who appears on \"Dark Passion Play\", released in late August of the same year. On 8 May 2008, it was announced that Holopainen would be the producer of Finnish pop/rock band Indica's next album, Valoissa, which was released in the fall of 2008. Holopainen was credited for helping to create the Finnish trance artist Orkidea's third album, Metaverse in 2008, for the collaboration in Orkidea's version of Nightwish's song \"Bye Bye Beautiful\" (Nightwish \u2013 Bye Bye Beautiful (DJ Orkidea Remix)). Nightwish's seventh studio album, \"Imaginaerum\", was released on 30 November 2011 in Finland and in North America on 10 January 2012.", "The \"Dark Passion Play World Tour\" is Nightwish's longest tour to date, lasting from October 2007 to September 2009. The tour ended with a concert at Hartwall Arena, Helsinki, with the band Apocalyptica. In October 2010, Nightwish began recording for the album \"Imaginaerum\", with Olzon recording her vocals for the album in April 2011 at Finnvox Studios, Helsinki. The album was released on 30 November 2011 and was followed by the \"Imaginaerum World Tour\", beginning on 21 January 2012. Olzon, along with the rest of Nightwish, starred in the film \"Imaginaerum\", which featured music from the band. On 1 October 2012, Nightwish and Olzon went their separate ways. Olzon's final performance with Nightwish was on 29 September, at The Complex, Salt Lake City. She later revealed in an interview that she was, in fact, fired from the band, because she revealed to them she was pregnant. Nightwish made a subsequent statement about Olzon's termination, denying that this is the reason, saying they were all congratulative to her, but that \"[t]he split with Anette wasn\u2019t because of pregnancy or illness. We discovered her personality didn\u2019t fit this work community, and was even detrimental to it.\" Following her departure from Nightwish, Olzon began writing and recording material for a future solo album. In an interview with 'Dark Sirens' in October 2013, Olzon stated that her solo album would be released sometime in 2014. It was announced on 28 November 2013 that Olzon's debut solo album will be called \"Shine\". The album has been produced by Stefan \u00d6rn and Johan Gl\u00f6ssner and co-produced by Olzon and Johan Kronlund.", "Nemo (song) \"Nemo\" is the tenth single by Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish and the first single from the album \"Once\". The song can be heard in the ending credits of the 2005 film \"The Cave\". A special version of the music video was released that contained scenes from the movie. For \"Nemo\", a big-budget video was made, the director was Antti Jokinen, who had previously worked with Shania Twain, Celine Dion and Eminem. The video was n\u00b0 1 on MTV Brasil Video Chart. The song was nominated for the Kerrang! Award for Best Single. Tuomas Holopainen, the composer, has stated that the title is Latin for \"nobody\" and the song is based on his occasional feelings of being lost, longing for the past and feeling nameless. This contradicts speculations that the song simply borrows on a Nemo character of an earlier work, such as J. Verne's Captain Nemo, Homer's Ulysses alias Nemo, C. Dickens\u2019 Captain Hawdon alias Nemo, W. McCay's Little Nemo, or the Disney Studio's film \"Finding Nemo\". Asked about that T. Holopainen responded: Nemo is the most played song by Nightwish, with well over 500 times as of March 2018. \"Once\" topped the album charts in Finland and Hungary. In the UK it could only chart at #87 after a chart entry of #101 the week before, but spent over 20 weeks on the top 200 plus a few re-entries. However it has been in the top 10 of the UK Rock Chart as recently as May 2008, highlighting the recent acclaim the band has had in the United Kingdom.", "In 2004 for My Pain... released \"Killing Romance\", a Finnish single with three previously unreleased tracks; \"Killing Romance\", \"Joutsenlaulu\" and \"Too Sad to Live\". Nightwish's fifth studio album, \"Once\" was released in 2004, and became their US break-through. Singles \"Nemo\" and \"Wish I Had an Angel\" were played on MTV. Nightwish started their most extensive tour to date, the Once World Tour, visiting several countries, like Japan, for the first time. After the last concert (a filmed show in Hartwall Areena, Finland which was featured on the \"End of an Era\" DVD in 2006), in October 2005, Nightwish gave vocalist Tarja Turunen a letter explaining her dismissal from the band. In 2006, Holopainen went through a dark period filled with anxiety and depression, made worse by rumours about himself and Nightwish in the tabloids every day. These events also inspired him in the writing of \"Dark Passion Play\", Nightwish's sixth album. After heavy metal singer Timo Rautiainen's break up of Trio Niskalaukaus, he published his first solo album titled \"Sarvivuori\" with a crew gathered from different bands, including Holopainen on keyboards. Holopainen also wrote one song on the album. Early the next year, For My Pain... announced that they would soon start recording the successor to \"Fallen\", but it was reported in the same autumn that the album once again was postponed. In April 2007 Holopainen collaborated with fellow Nightwish member Marco Hietala to write a theme song for the Finnish film \"Lieksa!\"."], "answer": {"text": "June 7, 2004,", "answer_start": 35}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "answer": {"text": "The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2b4c0426e054a0c97aac99890a65bd7_1_q#2", "question": "What was another country that \"Nemo\" reached the charts in?", "rewrite": "Besides Finland and Hungary, what was another country that \"Nemo\" reached the charts in?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Finding Nemo (video game) Finding Nemo is an action-adventure video game based on the 2003 film of the same name by Disney and Pixar. It was also the last Pixar game developed by Traveller's Tales until Lego The Incredibles in 2018. The goal is to complete different levels under the roles of film protagonists Nemo, Marlin or Dory. It includes cutscenes from the movie, and each clip is based on a level, e.g. hopping through a batch of jellyfish. The story begins with Nemo, excited of his first day of school, waking up his father Marlin. While traveling to school, they come across Tad and Sheldon, who are also on their way to school but are unable to find Pearl, who is lost in the sea caves. Nemo wants to help but Marlin forbids it. They come across a large clam blocking their path. While Marlin suggests going home, Nemo enters the caves and finds Pearl. After helping her out of the caves, she gives Nemo a pearl as a reward. Nemo puts it inside the clam, causing it to close and clearing the path. They soon come across a pile of rocks blocking the path and Nemo darts to break through them. Nemo's new friends challenge him to a race. Afterwards, they encounter some fish-eating clams. After Nemo defeats them, they finally make it to school. His teacher, Mr. Ray arrives and after getting to know Nemo, they depart on a field trip to the drop-off. Along the way, Nemo plays with his new friends on bouncy sponges and exploring some caves. This causes them to fall behind. After catching up to Mr. Ray, he lets them explore freely.", "Nemo (song) \"Nemo\" is the tenth single by Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish and the first single from the album \"Once\". The song can be heard in the ending credits of the 2005 film \"The Cave\". A special version of the music video was released that contained scenes from the movie. For \"Nemo\", a big-budget video was made, the director was Antti Jokinen, who had previously worked with Shania Twain, Celine Dion and Eminem. The video was n\u00b0 1 on MTV Brasil Video Chart. The song was nominated for the Kerrang! Award for Best Single. Tuomas Holopainen, the composer, has stated that the title is Latin for \"nobody\" and the song is based on his occasional feelings of being lost, longing for the past and feeling nameless. This contradicts speculations that the song simply borrows on a Nemo character of an earlier work, such as J. Verne's Captain Nemo, Homer's Ulysses alias Nemo, C. Dickens\u2019 Captain Hawdon alias Nemo, W. McCay's Little Nemo, or the Disney Studio's film \"Finding Nemo\". Asked about that T. Holopainen responded: Nemo is the most played song by Nightwish, with well over 500 times as of March 2018. \"Once\" topped the album charts in Finland and Hungary. In the UK it could only chart at #87 after a chart entry of #101 the week before, but spent over 20 weeks on the top 200 plus a few re-entries. However it has been in the top 10 of the UK Rock Chart as recently as May 2008, highlighting the recent acclaim the band has had in the United Kingdom.", "The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo is a Canadian animated television series of five-minute cartoons produced in 1975 by Rainbow Animation in Toronto, Ontario. The series follows the underwater adventures of Captain Mark Nemo and his two young assistants, Christine and Robbie, in their nuclear-powered submarine, the \"Nautilus\". In the fall of 1975, children in the United States and Canada were introduced to the animated series \"The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo\". In America, \"Captain Nemo\" was introduced as part of the long-running children's program \"Captain Kangaroo\" on CBS. In Canada, one five-minute \"Captain Nemo\" cartoon was shown during each episode of \"Peanuts and Popcorn\" on CBC Television. Created by Al Guest & Jean Mathieson, who were also the producers and directors as well as writers, it was produced by their studio, Rainbow Animation of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. \" The Undersea Adventures of Captain Nemo\" was a fanciful re-imagining of the original Jules Verne character Captain Nemo, from his book \"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea\". This time, Nemo was depicted as an ocean researcher named Mark Nemo. Blonde and hunky, Mark travelled the world's oceans doing scientific research, providing assistance to both humans and animals and thwarting evildoers. Along for the ride were two kids, Christine and Robbie, who learned (along with the viewers) about life beneath the sea as they went. These cartoons were quite short, exactly five minutes in length (30 seconds of which was the opening). Besides being educational, these cartoons are an insight into some of the philosophy around children's education of the mid 70's.", "The group returns to Nightmare Land by flying on Nemo's bed through a dimensional portal in the sky, and soon reach and infiltrate Nightmare Castle. However, they are subsequently trapped in the castle, where the Nightmare King demands possession of the scepter and threatens Flip, Genius, Camille, and Morpheus, whom are all in suspended animated states, with harm if Nemo doesn't comply. After a fierce battle, Nemo uses the scepter to finally defeat and destroy the Nightmare King and purify his kingdom, though due to Nemo's young age, the use of the scepter's full power inadvertently kills him as well. As everyone awakens in the aftermath and discovers Nemo's lifeless body, they begin to mourn for Slumberland's fallen prince. Morpheus, however, uses the scepter to restore Nemo to life. Nemo apologizes for breaking his promise, opening the door, and causing everything to begin with, but Morpheus forgives him, citing that his courage and strong will have allowed him to make up for his mistake, and become a true prince. As Slumberland celebrates the fall of the Nightmare Kingdom, Camille escorts Nemo and Icarus home on the dirigible. The two then share a kiss, after which Nemo awakens in his room, where he apologizes to his mother for breaking his promise and trying to take the pie. Nemo's parents also agree to take Nemo to the circus. Nemo stares out the window with Icarus as he reflects on his adventure. \"Nemo\" was the brainchild of producer Yutaka Fujioka. His dream for years had been to make a feature length, animated film version of \"Little Nemo in Slumberland\" which would utilize the resources of his Tokyo Movie Shinsha studio.", "A new album, Once, was released on June 7, 2004, along with its first single, \"Nemo\". The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date. Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album. Unlike Century Child, Nightwish decided to look for an orchestra outside of Finland this time, choosing the London Philharmonic Orchestra. It is also their second album to feature a full-length song in Finnish, \"Kuolema tekee taiteilijan\" (English: \"Death Makes an Artist\"). Once has sold triple platinum in Finland, platinum in Germany, and Gold in 6 other countries, it also reached No. 1 in the Greek, Norwegian and German album charts, and charted the Top 10 in France, Hungary and Sweden. The following singles were: \"Wish I Had an Angel\" (featured on the soundtrack of the film Alone in the Dark), \"Kuolema Tekee Taiteilijan\" (released only in Finland and Japan) and \"The Siren\". Besides the commercial success, Once was also well received by critics, with many positive reviewers drawing comparisons with Oceanborn. The success of the album allowed them to perform the Once World Tour, taking them to play in many countries the band had never visited before. Nightwish performed at the opening ceremony of the 2005 World Championships in Athletics, held in Helsinki, highlighting the acclaim the band had gained. A \"best of\" album, Highest Hopes, was released in September 2005. The compilation also featured a live cover \"High Hopes\" (from the Pink Floyd album The Division Bell) (sample)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "answer": {"text": "The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did \"Nemo\" release?", "answer": {"text": "June 7, 2004,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2b4c0426e054a0c97aac99890a65bd7_1_q#3", "question": "Any interesting information?", "rewrite": "Any interesting information about the album, Once?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["News leak A news leak is the unsanctioned release of confidential information to news media. It can also be the premature publication of information by a news outlet, of information that it has agreed not to release before a specified time, in violation of a news embargo. Leaks are often made by employees of an organization who happened to have access to interesting information but who are not officially authorized to disclose it to the press. They may believe that doing so is in the public interest due to the need for speedy publication, because it otherwise would not have been able to be made public, or simply as self-promotion, to elevate the leaker as a person of importance. Leaks can be intentional or unintentional. A leaker may be doing the journalist a personal favor (possibly in exchange for future cooperation), or simply wishes to disseminate secret information in order to affect the news. The latter type of leak is often made anonymously. Sometimes partial information is released to the media off the record in advance of a press release to \"prepare\" the press or the public for the official announcement. This may also be intended to allow journalists more time to prepare more extensive coverage, which can then be published immediately after the official release. This technique is designed to maximize the impact of the announcement. It might be considered an element of political 'spin', or news management. Some people who leak information to the media are seeking to manipulate coverage. Cloaking information in secrecy may make it seem more valuable to journalists, and anonymity reduces the ability of others to cross-check or discredit the information. Some leaks are made in the open; for example, politicians who (whether inadvertently or otherwise) disclose classified or confidential information while speaking to the press. There are many reasons why information might be leaked. Some of these include:", "Once I Was an Eagle Once I Was an Eagle is the fourth studio album by British singer-songwriter Laura Marling, and was released on 27 May (US/Canada, 28 May) 2013. \" Master Hunter\" was the album's first official single release. It was nominated for the 2013 Mercury Prize. The record achieved unanimous critical acclaim, and has been cited as one of the best singer-songwriter records of the 21st century. Marling began debuting songs from \"Once I Was An Eagle\", as early as mid-late 2011, before the release of her third album, \"A Creature I Don't Know\". These songs included \"I Was An Eagle\", \"Pray For Me\" and \"Master Hunter\". The album, according to Marling, is the \"plain[est]\" album she has written. She has commented that it follows a central figure, who angrily shuns na\u00efvety and love, and over the course of the album regains a \"second na\u00efvety\". The album is written in three tunings, which mark the basic changes in emotion. The first half (\"Take The Night Off\" to \"Devil's Resting Place\") has a darker, more melancholic tone, whereas the second half (\"Undine\" to \"Saved These Words\") has a more upbeat and open tone, if not jubilant. Marling has stated that there is a greater cohesion to 'Once I Was An Eagle', in terms of themes and the development of the music. Many critics have noted that the first half feels more like a continuous idea, intensified by the first four songs (\"Take The Night Off\", \"I Was An Eagle\", \"You Know\" and \"Breathe\") which flow together as one. Following the conclusion of her tour for her previous album, Marling began production on her fourth album.", "Interesting, it covers the ways that sureties were appointed to their duties, and hence it is informative on the way contracts were created. \"Branched Purchase\" is the title of what is perhaps the most well-known tract on status and certainly the most accessible, as a modern printed edition (though not a translation) has been published by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. The text goes into details on the grades of commoners and nobility: what property should they own, how large should their house be, how should their clientship be arranged. The text however present a schema that could not have been used in actuality. For instance, it includes clientship information for even the highest nobility, who would not have acted as clients. The text also presents a certain amount of interesting information on the duties of king. In addition to the main text, a poem immediately follows in the manuscript, but there has been debate as to whether this is actually a part of the tract. A two part text, \"On the Binding of Contracts\", deals with when contracts are binding and when they are not. The first section deals with general rules regarding when contracts are binding, including an analogy to the fact that Adam's trade of an apple for access to the Garden of Eden was valid even though it was an uneven contract because Adam knew it was such. The second half deals with cases in which a contract may be overturned. The tract is also interesting because it is a collection of material from varying dates and places and as such much more uneven in content than other tracts. The \"Primer of Stipulations\" is a text on the status of poets. It includes information on compensation based on status, but it also includes information about the poetic craft such as the number of type of positions one must have to be a certain grade. It also describes the difference between a \"fili\" and a bard.", "Neuroimaging intelligence testing Neuroimaging intelligence testing concerns the use of neuroimaging techniques to evaluate human intelligence. Neuroimaging technology has advanced such that scientists hope to use neuroimaging increasingly for investigations of brain function related to IQ. Traditional IQ tests observe the test-taker's performance in a standardized battery of samples of behavior. The resulting IQ standard score is the subject of much investigation as psychologists check correlations between IQ and other life outcomes. The Wechsler IQ tests for adults and for children have long been regarded as the \"gold standard\" in IQ testing. The varying techniques of imaging-based testing search for different signs of intelligence. The types of intelligence analyzed in this review were fluid intelligence (Gf), general intelligence (g), and crystallized intelligence (Gc). Early studies utilized information from patients with brain damage, noticing changes in intelligence scores that correlated to certain regions of the brain. As imaging technology has improved, so has the ability for deeper neuro-analysis. MRI studies have found that the volume of gray matter correlates to intelligence, providing evidence for generalizations made regarding brain/head-size and intelligence. Additionally, PET and fMRI studies have revealed more information regarding the functionality of certain regions of the brain. By recording and interpreting the brain activity of subjects as they complete a variety of tasks, researchers are able to draw connections between the types of task (and thus, the type of intelligence) that calls on particular areas of the brain. This is interesting as knowing how parts of the brain are utilized may reveal more information about the structure and hierarchy used in neural development. It also may provide interesting information regarding the pathways of neural signals as they navigate the nervous system.", "Even if writers cannot report certain information directly, they can use \"off the record\" information to uncover related facts, or to find other sources that \"are\" willing to speak on the record. This is especially useful in investigative journalism. Information about a surprise event or breaking news, whether on or off the record, is known as a \"tip-off\". Information that leads to the uncovering of more interesting information is called a \"lead\". The identity of anonymous sources is sometimes revealed to senior editors or a news organization's lawyers, who would be considered bound by the same confidentiality as the journalist. (Lawyers are generally protected from subpoena in these cases by attorney\u2013client privilege.) Legal staff may need to give counsel about whether it is advisable to publish certain information, or about court proceedings that may attempt to learn confidential information. Senior editors are in the loop to prevent reporters from fabricating non-existent anonymous sources and to provide a second opinion about how to use the information obtained, how to or how not to identify sources, and whether other options should be pursued. The use of anonymous sources has always been controversial. Some news outlets insist that anonymous sources are the only way to obtain certain information, while others prohibit the use of unnamed sources at all times. News organizations may impose safeguards, such as requiring that information from an anonymous source be corroborated by a second source before it can be printed. But prominent reports based on anonymous sources have sometimes been proved to be incorrect. For instance, much of the O. J. Simpson reporting from unnamed sources was later deemed inaccurate. \" Newsweek\" retracted a story about a Qur'an being flushed down a toilet that led to riots in the Middle East; the Qur'an desecration controversy of 2005 was based upon one unnamed military source."], "answer": {"text": "Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album.", "answer_start": 257}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "answer": {"text": "The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did \"Nemo\" release?", "answer": {"text": "June 7, 2004,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was another country that \"Nemo\" reached the charts in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2b4c0426e054a0c97aac99890a65bd7_1_q#4", "question": "How many albums did they come out with in 2004-2005?", "rewrite": "How many albums did Nightwish come out with in 2004-2005?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Emppu Vuorinen Erno Matti Juhani \"Emppu\" Vuorinen (born 24 June 1978) is a Finnish guitarist, most famous for being a founding member and occasional songwriter of the symphonic metal band Nightwish. He is the oldest of five children, having a twin brother and three younger sisters. He started to play guitar as a private study at the age of 12 and since then has played in various bands including Nightwish, Brother Firetribe, Barilari, Almah, and Altaria. Emppu is primarily a rhythm player, often supporting the keyboard or orchestral parts of Nightwish songs. However, he plays lead melodies and solos as well. Vuorinen's solo techniques usually include alternate picking, tapping, sliding, legato, and minor to extreme whammy bar use; he also employs sweep picking, although very rarely. His solos are more melodic than those of most metal bands, but he sometimes shreds (notably in \"Nightquest,\" \"The Pharaoh Sails to Orion,\" \"Romanticide,\" and \"Gethsemane\" by Nightwish, and also in \"Traitor\" by Tarot, for which he provided a solo). Nightwish's first three albums feature a larger amount of lead guitar work from Emppu than their later albums. Vuorinen has tuned his studio guitars in D tuning since the release of \"Century Child\" \u2013 until then, his guitars were tuned in standard. During concerts, he has two guitars \u2013 one for each tuning. Vuorinen is also a creative force in Nightwish, having co-written songs with Tuomas Holopainen from \"Oceanborn\" until \"Dark Passion Play\". The song \"Whoever Brings The Night\" on \"Dark Passion Play\" is written by Vuorinen alone.", "Holopainen originally confirmed that he was producing a solo project in 2012. Holopainen stated on his website, The Escapist, that he planned to devote his time completely to songwriting for the project in Feb\u2013April 2013 after the Nightwish Imaginaerum tour. In 2014 he released \"Music Inspired by the Life and Times of Scrooge\" based on the comic book series \" The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" by Don Rosa. The record featured Nightwish musician Troy Donockley as well as the London session musicians used previously in recent Nightwish releases. In a November 2015 interview, he revealed plans to release a book with short fantasy and horror stories influenced by Neil Gaiman and Stephen King. Holopainen is a source of inspiration for other bands, especially within symphonic, gothic and power metal. Simone Simons, lead singer of Epica, stated that she began singing due to Nightwish. Ex-singer of Visions of Atlantis, Nicole Bogner, also acknowledged that Nightwish had greatly inspired the band, especially for their first album. Sander Gommans of After Forever said that Nightwish \"will certainly influence us in creating new songs\". Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica's lead singer Tony Kakko, who has worked with Nightwish both in making the \"Beauty and the Beast\" duet with Tarja Turunen and as a crowd warmer, several times explained how much of an influence Nightwish is for him. In the early days of Nightwish, Holopainen was the band's male vocalist, performing all male vocals on \"Angels Fall First\". For subsequent releases up until the arrival of bassist and male vocalist Marco Hietala, the band has recruited sessional male vocalists, as Holopainen preferred to focus entirely on his keyboards.", "Back lever A back lever is a static hold performed on the rings or the pull-up bar. A back lever is rated as an 'A' value skill on the Code of Points, a scale from A to F, with F being the most difficult. A back lever is performed by lowering from an inverted hang until the gymnast's body is parallel to the ground and facing towards the floor. Performing a back lever requires a high degree of strength in the chest and shoulders, a lot of core tension must be generated to stay horizontal.", "Nightwish discography The discography of the Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish consists of eight studio albums, one extended play, five live albums, seven compilations, thirteen music videos and twenty one singles. The band was formed in 1996 by songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and former vocalist Tarja Turunen; Nightwish's current line-up has six members although Turunen has been replaced by Anette Olzon and later by Floor Jansen, and the original bassist, Sami V\u00e4nsk\u00e4, has been replaced by Marco Hietala, who also took over the male vocalist part. Olzon left the band in 2012 and was replaced by Floor Jansen. Although Nightwish has been popular in Finland since 1997 when they released their debut album, \"Angels Fall First\", they did not achieve worldwide fame until the release of the albums \"Oceanborn\", \"Wishmaster\" and \"Century Child\", which were released in 1998, 2000 and 2002, respectively. The 2004 album, \"Once\", had sold more than one million copies by the end of 2005 and allowed the band to host the \"Once Upon a Tour\", concluded in Finland on October 21, 2005, when they played their last concert with Turunen on vocals and also when the \"End of an Era DVD\" was recorded. In May 2007, former Alyson Avenue frontwoman Anette Olzon was revealed as Turunen's replacement, and the album \"Dark Passion Play\" was released on September 26 after the singles \"Eva\" in May and \"Amaranth\" in August. The next Nightwish single, \"Storytime\", was released on November 9, 2011, and the seventh studio album, \"Imaginaerum\", was released on November 30 of the same year.", "List of Nightwish band members This is the line-up of Nightwish, an Echo-winning band from Kitee, Finland, formed in 1996 by songwriter/keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and former vocalist Tarja Turunen. Nightwish is Finland's most successful band with more than 7 million sold albums worldwide, 1 silver award, 11 gold awards and 30 platinum awards. Although Nightwish has been prominent in their home country since the release of their first single, \u201cThe Carpenter\u201d (1997) and debut album \" Angels Fall First\", they did not achieve worldwide fame until the release of the albums \"Oceanborn\", \"Wishmaster\" and \"Century Child\", which were released in 1998, 2000 and 2002 respectively. Their 2004 album, \"Once\", which has sold more than 1.2 million copies, led to Nightwish video clips being shown on MTV in the United States and inclusion of their music in US movie soundtracks. Their biggest US hit single, \u201cWish I Had an Angel\u201d (2004), made it onto three US film soundtracks as a means to promote their North American tour. The band produced three more singles and two music videos for the album, as well as \u201cSleeping Sun\u201d, from the 2005 \u201cbest of\u201d compilation album, \"Highest Hopes\", prior to vocalist Tarja Turunen\u2019s dismissal. In May 2007, former Alyson Avenue frontwoman, Anette Olzon, was revealed as Turunen\u2019s replacement, and in the autumn, the band released a new album \u2013 \"Dark Passion Play\", which has sold more than 1.5 million copies. The supporting tour started on October 6, 2007 and ended on September 19, 2009. A new E.P./live album, \"Made in Hong Kong ("], "answer": {"text": "their second album to feature a full-length song in Finnish, \"Kuolema tekee taiteilijan\" (English: \"Death Makes an Artist\").", "answer_start": 480}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "answer": {"text": "The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did \"Nemo\" release?", "answer": {"text": "June 7, 2004,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was another country that \"Nemo\" reached the charts in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any interesting information?", "answer": {"text": "Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album.", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2b4c0426e054a0c97aac99890a65bd7_1_q#5", "question": "Was their second album a success?", "rewrite": "Was Nightwish's second album a success?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Holopainen originally confirmed that he was producing a solo project in 2012. Holopainen stated on his website, The Escapist, that he planned to devote his time completely to songwriting for the project in Feb\u2013April 2013 after the Nightwish Imaginaerum tour. In 2014 he released \"Music Inspired by the Life and Times of Scrooge\" based on the comic book series \" The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck\" by Don Rosa. The record featured Nightwish musician Troy Donockley as well as the London session musicians used previously in recent Nightwish releases. In a November 2015 interview, he revealed plans to release a book with short fantasy and horror stories influenced by Neil Gaiman and Stephen King. Holopainen is a source of inspiration for other bands, especially within symphonic, gothic and power metal. Simone Simons, lead singer of Epica, stated that she began singing due to Nightwish. Ex-singer of Visions of Atlantis, Nicole Bogner, also acknowledged that Nightwish had greatly inspired the band, especially for their first album. Sander Gommans of After Forever said that Nightwish \"will certainly influence us in creating new songs\". Finnish power metal band Sonata Arctica's lead singer Tony Kakko, who has worked with Nightwish both in making the \"Beauty and the Beast\" duet with Tarja Turunen and as a crowd warmer, several times explained how much of an influence Nightwish is for him. In the early days of Nightwish, Holopainen was the band's male vocalist, performing all male vocals on \"Angels Fall First\". For subsequent releases up until the arrival of bassist and male vocalist Marco Hietala, the band has recruited sessional male vocalists, as Holopainen preferred to focus entirely on his keyboards.", "The \"Dark Passion Play World Tour\" is Nightwish's longest tour to date, lasting from October 2007 to September 2009. The tour ended with a concert at Hartwall Arena, Helsinki, with the band Apocalyptica. In October 2010, Nightwish began recording for the album \"Imaginaerum\", with Olzon recording her vocals for the album in April 2011 at Finnvox Studios, Helsinki. The album was released on 30 November 2011 and was followed by the \"Imaginaerum World Tour\", beginning on 21 January 2012. Olzon, along with the rest of Nightwish, starred in the film \"Imaginaerum\", which featured music from the band. On 1 October 2012, Nightwish and Olzon went their separate ways. Olzon's final performance with Nightwish was on 29 September, at The Complex, Salt Lake City. She later revealed in an interview that she was, in fact, fired from the band, because she revealed to them she was pregnant. Nightwish made a subsequent statement about Olzon's termination, denying that this is the reason, saying they were all congratulative to her, but that \"[t]he split with Anette wasn\u2019t because of pregnancy or illness. We discovered her personality didn\u2019t fit this work community, and was even detrimental to it.\" Following her departure from Nightwish, Olzon began writing and recording material for a future solo album. In an interview with 'Dark Sirens' in October 2013, Olzon stated that her solo album would be released sometime in 2014. It was announced on 28 November 2013 that Olzon's debut solo album will be called \"Shine\". The album has been produced by Stefan \u00d6rn and Johan Gl\u00f6ssner and co-produced by Olzon and Johan Kronlund.", "Upon his arrival to Nightwish, several songs were written to contain duets with then Nightwish vocalist Tarja Turunen, allowing songwriter and band leader Tuomas Holopainen to take advantage of Hietala's distinctive raucous voice to add a new dimension to the band. A famous example is Nightwish's cover of \"The Phantom of the Opera,\" from the album \"Century Child.\" During Nightwish's shows, Turunen would take a break halfway through the set. Before Hietala joined the band, the band would perform an instrumental song during this time. After Hietala joined the band, they performed covers of well-known songs, with Hietala singing the lead vocal part in this break. The band has performed Ozzy Osbourne's \"Crazy Train\", W.A.S.P.'s \"Wild Child\", Dio's \"Don't Talk to Strangers\", Megadeth's \"Symphony of Destruction\" and Pink Floyd's \"High Hopes\". Some of these songs have been put up for sale as well on various Nightwish album releases. Following Turunen's departure from Nightwish, Hietala was much more involved with the production of \"Dark Passion Play\", which was released in September 2007. He sang some songs, completely, and wrote the music for the song \"The Islander\", on which he also plays acoustic guitar instead of bass. Hietala is also credited alongside Holopainen for co-writing the song \"The Crow, the Owl and the Dove\" from Nightwish's 2011 album, \"Imaginaerum\".", "On October 7, 1998, Nightwish released their second full-length album, Oceanborn, in Finland only. Adopting a more technical and progressive sound than Angels Fall First, Oceanborn saw the band abandon much of the ambient and folk elements present on their debut release, with the exception of the song \"Moondance\". In contrast to the female vocals of Turunen, the album also featured guest growling vocals by Tapio Wilska (ex-Finntroll), since Tuomas did not want to sing again. Wilska is also a former member of Nattvindens Grat. AllMusic review said that the album \"as a whole works great\", with songs that are \"very strong\". Oceanborn was an instant success in Finland, reaching number 5 on the Finnish album charts. The album's first single, \"Sacrament of Wilderness\", hit number 1 on the Finnish singles charts, where it stayed for several weeks. The album's release was initially limited to Finland, but because of the success of \"Sacrament of Wilderness\", Spinefarm released Oceanborn internationally in the spring of 1999. In May 1999, Nightwish recorded the single \"Sleeping Sun (Four Ballads of the Eclipse)\", and in one month the single sold 15,000 copies in Germany alone. Following the band's first international success, Nightwish was added as the opening band for Rage's 1999 European tour. Both the album Oceanborn and the singles \"Sacrament of Wilderness\" and \"Walking in the Air\" were certified gold in Finland in August 1999. While in the studio in early 2000 working on their third album, Nightwish was accepted in the Finnish Eurovision Song Contest tryouts with the song \"Sleepwalker\". Despite winning the public vote, Nightwish eventually finished in second place, with the jury choosing local gospel singer Nina Astrom to represent Finland.", "In August 2011, Van Canto announced on Facebook, that ReVamp would no longer participate in their \"Out of the Dark\" tour, as Jansen suffered a burnout herself. In late 2011, Jansen joined her former bandmate in After Forever Mark Jansen for his band MaYan's Latin American tour, performing in S\u00e3o Paulo. In 2012, Jansen joined Adrenaline Mob on stage in Bochum and Weert. ReVamp's second album, \"Wild Card,\" was released in 2013. ReVamp announced its breakup in September 2016, citing Floor Jansen's inability to deliver 100% to both ReVamp and Nightwish. After Nightwish's previous lead vocalist Anette Olzon parted ways with the band, Jansen acted as Nightwish's live lead vocalist for the remainder of the \"Imaginaerum World Tour\" in 2012. She was at her sister's wedding when she received the call to replace Olzon. Her first show with the band was in Seattle in October. When commenting on the experience, she said: On 9 October 2013, Jansen was announced as Olzon's permanent replacement in the band, following an invitation she received from the band in a hotel bar. In 2015, Nightwish released their first studio album featuring Jansen as the lead vocalist, \"Endless Forms Most Beautiful\", followed by a world tour. Out of this tour came the live album \"Vehicle of Spirit\". Soon after the tour's completion, Nightwish released the compilation album Decades on 9 March 2018 and announced yet another world tour. A new studio album is said to be released in 2020. Three albums by the Dutch composer and multi-instrumentalist Arjen Anthony Lucassen's project"], "answer": {"text": "\"). Once has sold triple platinum in Finland, platinum in Germany, and Gold in 6 other countries,", "answer_start": 601}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "answer": {"text": "The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did \"Nemo\" release?", "answer": {"text": "June 7, 2004,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was another country that \"Nemo\" reached the charts in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any interesting information?", "answer": {"text": "Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album.", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many albums did they come out with in 2004-2005?", "answer": {"text": "their second album to feature a full-length song in Finnish, \"Kuolema tekee taiteilijan\" (English: \"Death Makes an Artist\").", "answer_start": 480, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e2b4c0426e054a0c97aac99890a65bd7_1_q#6", "question": "Was there any other albums with chart topping success?", "rewrite": "Besides Nightwish's Once, was there any other albums with chart topping success?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stuart John Wood Stuart John \"Woody\" Wood (born 25 February 1957) is a Scottish musician, songwriter and producer best known as a guitarist for the 1970s band the Bay City Rollers. After his success with The Rollers, Wood moved to South Africa and performed in a band called The Passengers, which became a chart topping success throughout the 1980s. Upon returning home, Wood became a record producer in Scotland. His successes have included producing Virgin Records' \"The Lone Piper\" and \"Scottish Moods\" which were certified Platinum and Gold in sales. In 2007, he also produced the debut album of The MacDonald Brothers. The album entered the UK Albums Chart at No. 18 and reached No. 1 on the Scottish Albums Chart. He remains active touring the world with his new generation Bay City Rollers and also behind the scenes in the music industry, producing music through The Music Kitchen.", "Breakaway (Kris Kristofferson and Rita Coolidge album) Breakaway is the second duet album by Kris Kristofferson and Rita Coolidge, released in 1974 on Monument Records. It is one of three duet albums by the couple. Unlike Kristofferson solo albums, it features several covers. \"I've Got to Have You\" and \"I'd Rather Be Sorry\" had both previously been hits for other artists; they appear here by Kristofferson for the first time. The couple\u2019s first album, \"Full Moon\", had been a chart topping success, going gold and receiving a Grammy for Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group for the track \"From the Bottle to the Bottom.\u201d However, Kristofferson\u2019s commercial stock had dropped with 1974\u2019s \"Spooky Lady Sideshow\", and \"Breakaway\" would not be as successful as the pair\u2019s debut LP, making the country Top 5 but just scraping the bottom of the Billboard Top 100. A&M and Monument agreed to take turns releasing the duo\u2019s LPs, and since it was Monument\u2019s turn, longtime Kristofferson producer Fred Foster was back at the helm, but, as with \"Full Moon\", the emphasis was on an easy listening MOR sound aimed mainly at Rita\u2019s lustrous vocal prowess. Although it was not the hit \"Full Moon\" had been, AllMusic\u2019s William Rulhmann opines, \u201c In any case, the album was a worthy successor to \"Full Moon\". The Kristofferson/Coolidge albums were very different from each artist's solo albums, though somewhat closer to Coolidge's because they consisted largely of cover songs and the keys were set to her voice, with Kristofferson singing at the upper edge of his narrow range.", "A month later, it rose to number nine, in that week becoming the \"greatest digital gainer\". In the following week, it fell to number thirty-three following the removal of the single from digital retailers. \" Glamorous\" re-appeared in the top ten after its re-release, rising from number fifty-five, and peaked at number one on the issue dated March 24, 2007, selling 166,000 downloads during that week. It became her second number one single in the United States and held the top position for two weeks. The single spent twenty-nine weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, twenty-four of which were in the top fifty. The single went on to sell 3,012,000 digital downloads in the United States, enough to earn a double-platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). \"Glamorous\" stands as Fergie's third best selling single behind \"Big Girls Don't Cry\" and \"Fergalicious\". The song was moderately successful on \"Billboard\" component charts Adult Pop Songs and Hot R&B/ Hip-Hop Songs, while achieving chart topping success on Hot Dance Club Songs and reaching number two on Pop Songs. In Canada, the song reached number twelve on the Canadian Hot 100 and lasted eleven weeks on the chart. The commercial reception of \"Glamorous\" in other countries was generally positive, with some countries matching the success experienced in America. In Australia, the song debuted at number ten on the singles chart. It eventually rose to number two on May 28, 2007, being held off by Avril Lavigne's \"Girlfriend\". The song eventually left the chart after twenty six weeks, selling 70,000 copies in the country and earned a platinum certification by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA).", "MC Rage Patrick Williams known by his stage names \"MC Rage\" or \"Ronny Money\", is an American musician and former hardcore producer and emcee, based in Las Vegas, Nevada. He first became known while living in Italy stationed as a soldier, where he initiated his recording career in 1991 as Digital Boy's hype man performing as \"MC Fresh\" during the \u201cTechnological\u201d tour. He continued with Digital Boy (also known as D-Boy, real name Luca Pretolesi) performing as a featured artist on several songs found on the \u201cFuturistic\u201d album. His first successful recording, \u201cRevolution,\u201d by the Italian DJ Molella, was released with little to no credit for his participation. The song was the first ever chart topping success for DJ Molella. After his first single release in 1992 titled \u201cDon\u2019t You Wanna Be Free\u201d had very little commercial success, he returned with the name \u201cRonny Money\u201d, after which he achieved his first chart topping performance with \u201cUla La\u201d in 1993. Still working closely with Digital Boy, Ronnie wrote the number one hit \u201cThe Mountain of King\u201c along with several other songs on Digital Boy's album \u201cTen Steps to the Rise\u201d (1995). After a series of successful releases such as \u201cMoney\u2019s Back\u201d, \u201cAgain and Again\u201d and \u201cDon\u2019t You Know\u201d featuring Jeffrey Jey from The Bliss Team, Williams went on to host \u201cCaos Time\u201d on the Italian TV channel Videomusic, and a regional radio show. He made a featured appearance on Adriano Celentano's \u201cQuel Punto\u201c album in 1994. This was the same year he received recognition as the Male Dance Artist of the Year. Together with Digital Boy, Williams created D-Boy Black label in 1995 and the two focused their energy on the high speed underground techno known as hardcore.", "As well as obtaining a high placing in the UK chart with \"Yesterday Man\", it also climbed to No. 1 in Ireland and Germany. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Later releases were not as successful, but his own hits are seen as early examples of bluebeat influenced white pop music. Although his chart appearances dwindled in Britain by 1966, his chart topping success continued in mainland Europe for a number of years, particularly in Germany, and Andrews often recorded in foreign languages. It is possible that Chris Andrews' huge success in Germany was connected to the fact that his two UK hits, at least, were rhythmically redolent of Oom-pah music (although not intentionally so; see above), thus making them more acceptable to older German audiences who would not have liked many of the other Anglophone songs which became hits there. In South Africa, his later single releases proved particularly popular, with \"Pretty Belinda\" (1969), \"Carol OK\" and \"Brown Eyes\" (both 1970) all topping the charts there. \" Yo Yo\" reached No. 7 at the end of 1970. Andrews remains active in his career as a singer-songwriter, working primarily in continental Europe and in the United Kingdom. He lives with his second wife Alexandra, who is also his manager, in Selm, Germany, and Mallorca. Because of the Brexit vote, Andrews obtained also a German citizenship in 2016."], "answer": {"text": "A \"best of\" album, Highest Hopes, was released in September 2005.", "answer_start": 1450}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is one major chart topping success of Nightwish?", "answer": {"text": "The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. \"Nemo\" remains the band's most successful single release to date.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did \"Nemo\" release?", "answer": {"text": "June 7, 2004,", "answer_start": 35, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was another country that \"Nemo\" reached the charts in?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any interesting information?", "answer": {"text": "Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album.", "answer_start": 257, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How many albums did they come out with in 2004-2005?", "answer": {"text": "their second album to feature a full-length song in Finnish, \"Kuolema tekee taiteilijan\" (English: \"Death Makes an Artist\").", "answer_start": 480, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their second album a success?", "answer": {"text": "\"). Once has sold triple platinum in Finland, platinum in Germany, and Gold in 6 other countries,", "answer_start": 601, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#0", "question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "rewrite": "How does Season 1 start off?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Industrial Junkie Industrial Junkie is a British documentary television series. The series premiered on 1 October 2009 on Quest in the United Kingdom. Each episode sees engineering enthusiast Jonny Smith experiencing the processes of a particular industry. Season 1, Episode 1: Roads< br> Season 1, Episode 2: Rubber< br> Season 1, Episode 3 : Explosives<br> Season 1, Episode 4: Coal< br> Season 1, Episode 5: Trucks< br> Season 1, Episode 6: Oil Rigs<br> Season 1, Episode 7: Glass<br> Season 1, Episode 8: Paint< br> Season 1, Episode 9: Packaging< br> Season 1, Episode 10: Steel", "After McMillan graduated, the point guard spot was taken by Vinny Del Negro, and Weems again came off the bench, playing 35 games (with 1 start) and posting averages of 3.9 points, 0.9 rebounds and 1.6 assists in 11.4 minutes per game. Weems' junior season saw him lose playing time also due to the arrival of another point guard, Chris Corchiani. Weems played 31 games but averaged career-lows in the major statistical categories, posting 1.9 points, 0.4 rebounds and 1.5 assists in 7 minutes per game. For his senior season Weems received more playing time, and in 26 appearances (1 start) he averaged 7.5 points, 1.2 rebounds, 2.3 assists and 0.7 steals, all career-highs. In 1990 he was involved in a point shaving investigation: Weems contacted ABC News, which broadcast a report on the scandal. The scandal was one of the reasons for the resignation of coach Jim Valvano. After the end of his senior season, Weems was automatically eligible for the 1989 NBA Draft, but he was not drafted by an NBA franchise. He was drafted by the Rockford Lightning in the 5th round of the 1989 CBA draft (77th overall). Weems participated in camps with the Washington Bullets and the Boston Celtics, but was not included in the final rosters. He then signed with the Quad City Thunder and played in the 1989\u201390 CBA season, averaging 9.5 points, 4 assists and 1 steal in 32 games (21.9 minutes per game). In 1990 Weems joined the Oklahoma City Cavalry, an expansion franchise in the CBA, and played 52 games in the season, averaging 18.3 points and 7 assists per game.", "It also ranked sixth in the 18\u201349 age range during its second season. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude>  Note: This season has fewer episodes due to the 2007\u20132008 Writers Guild of America strike. The DVDs have been released encoded for regions 1, 2 and 4 as complete season boxed sets. Season one was initially released in the full-screen format, while all other seasons have been released in their originally-broadcast wide-screen format. On February 10, 2009, season one was re-released in the wide-screen format encoded for region 1. Season six was the first season to be released on Blu-ray. In North America, Region 1, there was a combined season 1\u20132 box set with 12 discs and a combined season 3\u20134 box set with nine discs, both released on May 19, 2009 A season 1\u20134 boxed set was later discontinued. In the UK, Region 2, there was a season 1\u20133 boxed set released on November 19, 2007 and season 1\u20135 boxed set released on October 5, 2009. A season 1\u20134 boxed set has been discontinued. In Australia, Region 4, a season 1\u20133 boxed set was released on December 5, 2007; seasons 1\u20134 were released in a boxed set on November 19, 2008 and the seasons 1\u20135 boxed set was released on September 10, 2009. The season 1\u20133 boxed set contains 18 discs; the season 1\u20134 boxed set contains 22 discs; and the season 1\u20135 boxed set contains 28 discs. On October 2, 2012 Universal Studios released the entire series in a 41-disc DVD set.", "1981 Oakland Athletics season The Oakland Athletics' 1981 season saw the A's finish with an overall record of 64 wins and 45 losses. They finished the season with the best record in the American League (and second best in all of baseball). Due to the infamous 1981 players strike, the league resorted to a split-season format; this new format saw the winners of both halves of the season playing in the first divisional playoff in MLB history. The A's qualified by posting the AL West's best record in the first half of the season. While they swept the Kansas City Royals in the AL West playoff, they were themselves swept by the New York Yankees in the 1981 American League Championship Series. The Athletics' 1981 season ranks among the organization's most interesting. The A's, only two years removed from a disastrous 54-108 finish, won their first AL West crown since 1975 under second-year manager Billy Martin. The \"Billyball\" A's began the season with a then-AL record 11 consecutive wins (this record was later broken by the 1987 Milwaukee Brewers, who raced out to a 13-0 start). The squad followed its first loss of the season, a tough 3-2 loss to the Seattle Mariners, with six more victories. Their 17-1 start (through 18 games) remains unmatched. The A's starting rotation (consisting of Rick Langford, Matt Keough, Steve McCatty, Mike Norris, and Brian Kingman) received national attention during the torrid start; the unit was collectively featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated's April 27, 1981, edition. The periodic heroics of Tony Armas and Rickey Henderson also drew notice. The Athletics, however, slumped badly following the 17-1 start.", "Stevens was fired by the Flyers on December 4, 2009, after a 13\u201311\u20131 start and with a team expected to be a Stanley Cup favorite sitting in 10th place in the Eastern Conference. On June 24, 2010, he was signed to a three-year contract to be an assistant coach for the Los Angeles Kings, joining former Flyers coach Terry Murray as well as former Flyers player Ron Hextall in the Kings organization. During the 2011\u201312 season, after Kings coach Terry Murray was fired, Stevens acted as interim head coach for 4 games before Darryl Sutter took over. He then returned to his post as Assistant Coach, a position he held when the Kings won their first Stanley Cup in franchise history at the season's end. The Kings again won the Stanley Cup in 2014 with Stevens as an assistant behind the bench. On June 18, 2014, he re-signed with Kings and was promoted to associate head coach. On April 23, 2017, Stevens was named the head coach of the Los Angeles Kings. In his first season as the head coach of the Kings, he guided the Kings back to the playoffs as the first wild card in the Western Conference, but they were swept by the Vegas Golden Knights in the first round. On November 4, 2018, the Kings fired Stevens after a 4\u20138\u20131 start to the 2018\u201319 season. Stevens grew up in the lakeside village of Turkey Point. His three brothers also played hockey, and his brother Larry Stevens played briefly with the Sudbury Wolves of the Ontario Hockey League. Stevens has two sons who also play hockey. His eldest son, also named John, played high school hockey for Salisbury School in Connecticut and one season with the Dubuque Fighting Saints in the United States Hockey League (USHL) before playing college hockey for the Northeastern University Huskies hockey team."], "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#1", "question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "rewrite": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey in Season 1?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hi, Society \"Hi, Society\" is the tenth episode of the first season of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". The episode was written by Joshua Safran and directed by Patrick Norris. It originally aired on Tuesday, December 5, 2007 on the CW. The episode received positive reviews from reviewers and critics. The character of CeCe Rhodes received critical praise throughout the episode \"Hi, Society\" focuses mainly on the growing relationship between Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) and Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), the complex love-triangle between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester), and the slow transformation of Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen) from an outsider to a social climber. The episode further delves into the difficult relationship between Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Lily van der Woodsen (Kelly Rutherford) and introduces a new recurring guest character to the series, CeCe Rhodes, Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, portrayed by veteran actress Caroline Lagerfelt. The episode opens with Blair and Serena discussing Cotillion. Blair expresses her relief at moving on from Nate and Serena reminds Blair that she won't be attending. Meanwhile, Nate tells Chuck that he's falling for Blair again. While practicing for Cotillion, CeCe Rhodes (Caroline Lagerfelt), Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, arrives with masked disappointment when she receives news that Serena won't be making her debut and meets Dan, whom she views as responsible for Serena not going. Jenny worriedly ponders her decision on attending her mother's art exhibition or volunteering at Cotillion. While Blair and Chuck make out in her room, Nate arrives at Blair's loft, waiting for her.", "Jenny Humphrey Jennifer Tallulah Humphrey is one of the characters in both the \"Gossip Girl\" and \"The It Girl\" series of novels by Cecily von Ziegesar. She is portrayed by Taylor Momsen in the \"Gossip Girl\" television adaptation on The CW. Jennifer Humphrey is the daughter of Rufus Humphrey, an editor of Beat poets who has never been published himself, and Jeanette Humphrey, who ran off with a European aristocrat. She has an older brother, Dan Humphrey, an aspiring writer. Jenny is a student at the Constance Billard School for Girls, a small, elite, all-girls school on the Upper East Side that Serena van der Woodsen and Blair Waldorf also attend. In the book series, Jenny is described as a short, well-endowed brunette, but the television show depicts her as tall, skinny and blonde. In the \"Gossip Girl\" prequel \"It Had To Be You\", Jenny is noted for having a rather flat chest until she begins taking breast enlargement supplements, which are the cause of her DD cup size. Jenny is the protagonist of the book series \"The It Girl\", which shows her new life after she gets expelled from Constance Billard and starts at Waverly Academy in upstate New York. In \"The It Girl\", Jenny tries to reinvent herself as a \"popular and sophisticated city girl\" and leave behind the person she was at Constance. When Jenny arrives at Waverly, she finds the students even more attractive, athletic, and intimidating than she had imagined. Jenny then meets her two new exceptionally beautiful and popular roommates: lithe and blonde Southern girl Callie Vernon, and red-headed, green-eyed, sophisticated New Jerseyan Brett Messerschmidt. She quickly learns that she has replaced their old best friend, the extremely attractive and notorious Tinsley Carmichael.", "\"They would make fun of my clothes because I dressed differently than the other kids.\" In November 2012 concept music artist Marty McKay released a single called \"Serena\" featuring former Dr. Dre / Aftermath producer Focus... The song is based on Serena's character in Gossip Girl. Due to a lack of promotion, the song did not garner much attention. The first season introduces Serena as the beautiful, wealthy daughter of divorced parents who returns from boarding school. Her return sparks her old rivalry with her best friend, Blair. Serena's return is due to her younger brother, Eric van der Woodsen, who attempted suicide. She is considered unwelcome, most so by her old best friend Blair, who has always seen Serena as a threat to her reign as Queen Bee of Constance. After Serena successfully reconciles with her, Chuck Bass reveals to Serena that he knows the cause of her sudden departure prior to the first season - taking Nate Archibald's (Blair's boyfriend) virginity during a wedding, and he attempts to kiss her. Serena manages to escape and runs into Dan, a St. Jude's student from Brooklyn, who often expresses cynicism about the lifestyle his wealthier classmates lead. Serena also finds a friend in Jenny Humphrey, Dan's younger sister. Nate eventually reveals his tryst with Serena to Blair, and Serena is ostracized in the first few episodes of the show. Blair and Serena consistently fight and reconcile throughout the show's subsequent episodes, often dealing with Serena's tendency to overshadow Blair. Serena and Blair reconcile after a heartfelt confrontation that prompted Serena to admit her mistake with Nate and leaving Blair in her time of need.", "The Serena Also Rises \"The Serena Also Rises\" is the 23rd episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". It was also the fifth episode of the show's second season. The episode was written by Jessica Queller and directed by Patrick Norris. It originally aired on Monday, September 29, 2008 on the CW. In the midst of Fashion Week, a furious Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) plans on sabotaging Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) after Serena claims her Queen Bee status and rejecting her for New York socialite Poppy Lifton (Tamara Feldman), during her mother's fashion show. Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen) becomes a casualty of Blair's schemes as her father Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) begins to see through her Jenny's lies. Meanwhile, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) decides to hang out with Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to improve his writing, incidentally discovering a darker side to Chuck. Lily Bass (Kelly Rutherford) finds difficulty in her marriage with Bart Bass (Robert John Burke) when details behind her past are uncovered. Blair designs a seating plan for Eleanor's fashion show and attempts to get back in favour with the girls at school by presenting them with front row tickets. However, the girls' attention is soon drawn to the society pages, which detail Serena's new friendship with society girl Poppy Lifton. Jenny suggests to Eleanor that they improve the guest list by getting Serena to invite Poppy and her friends. When Blair finds the seating plan changed, she sees it as a personal insult from Jenny and Serena, who normally watches the show backstage with her. (In fact, Jenny didn't know Blair did the plan and Lily accepted Eleanor's offer without telling Serena.)", "CW ignored these requests and announced that it was going to air the episode as planned. Robert John Burke, who played Chuck's father, Bart Bass, returned for \"A Christmas Carol\" themed episode in December, while Desmond Harrington returned as Chuck's uncle Jack with a major storyline affecting Chuck and Blair's relationship again and involving Chuck's estranged mother Evelyn Bass Fisher (Laura Harring). The season focused hugely on Jenny Humphrey's development and downward spiral. She spends a good part of the season alienating herself from Eric, her former best friend, and chasing after Nate, who has his heart set on Serena. At the end of the season, due to her one night stand with Chuck Bass, and new drug dealing habit, Jenny's father and Lily send her to Hudson, New York, to live with her mother. Other story lines include: Blair and Chuck's attempt and ultimate failure at having a successful relationship; Dan and Vanessa moving from friends to something more; and Serena's attempts to find herself through a new job and brief love affairs with Carter, Nate's married cousin Tripp, and eventually Nate himself. The season ends dramatically with Chuck getting robbed and shot. Season four's main mystery revolves around Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy), a secretive girl with an agenda against Serena involving her past. This subplot unravels to reveal that Lily Humphrey, Serena's mother, forged Serena's signature on an affidavit stating that Juliet's brother, Ben, had an intimate relationship with Serena, while Serena was a minor and his student leading to Ben's imprisonment. This relationship was confirmed by Serena to be false."], "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#2", "question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "rewrite": "Did Chuck Bass succeed after attempting to rape Serena and Jenny Humphrey in Season 1?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["CW ignored these requests and announced that it was going to air the episode as planned. Robert John Burke, who played Chuck's father, Bart Bass, returned for \"A Christmas Carol\" themed episode in December, while Desmond Harrington returned as Chuck's uncle Jack with a major storyline affecting Chuck and Blair's relationship again and involving Chuck's estranged mother Evelyn Bass Fisher (Laura Harring). The season focused hugely on Jenny Humphrey's development and downward spiral. She spends a good part of the season alienating herself from Eric, her former best friend, and chasing after Nate, who has his heart set on Serena. At the end of the season, due to her one night stand with Chuck Bass, and new drug dealing habit, Jenny's father and Lily send her to Hudson, New York, to live with her mother. Other story lines include: Blair and Chuck's attempt and ultimate failure at having a successful relationship; Dan and Vanessa moving from friends to something more; and Serena's attempts to find herself through a new job and brief love affairs with Carter, Nate's married cousin Tripp, and eventually Nate himself. The season ends dramatically with Chuck getting robbed and shot. Season four's main mystery revolves around Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy), a secretive girl with an agenda against Serena involving her past. This subplot unravels to reveal that Lily Humphrey, Serena's mother, forged Serena's signature on an affidavit stating that Juliet's brother, Ben, had an intimate relationship with Serena, while Serena was a minor and his student leading to Ben's imprisonment. This relationship was confirmed by Serena to be false.", "Dan takes Serena to his dad's band's concert, but they are forced to leave when his younger sister Jenny (Taylor Momsen) sends him a text message from Blair's party asking for help. Dan and Serena turn heads as they burst in on the party and search frantically for Jenny. They find her on the roof, where an egotistical sex-addicted Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) is attempting to rape her. Dan punches Chuck and he and Serena leave in disgust, hand-in-hand with Jenny tagging along. The apparent reason for Serena's abrupt return is revealed to be her younger brother Eric (Connor Paolo), who unsuccessfully tried to commit suicide but is now living in a psychiatric institution. Not even \"Gossip Girl\" is aware of this. In addition, the past affair between Dan and Jenny's father Rufus (Matthew Settle) and Serena and Eric's mother is brought to light when Lily (Kelly Rutherford) asks Rufus whether he is using his son to get close to her again. Featuring nine regular speaking roles, the majority of the ensemble cast were assembled from February to April 2007. Blake Lively and Leighton Meester were the first two actresses to be chosen in February for the lead roles of Serena van der Woodsen and Blair Waldorf respectively. Penn Badgley, Taylor Momsen, Chace Crawford, Kelly Rutherford, Connor Paolo and Florencia Lozano also auditioned successfully and landed roles in the series in March. Actors for the roles of Chuck Bass and Rufus Humphrey were found in April when Ed Westwick and Matthew Settle were cast. As rumors swirled about the impending cancellation of \"Veronica Mars\", it was revealed at The CW's 2007 Upfronts on May 17, 2007 that Kristen Bell had narrated the pilot, thus making her the title character of another show on the network.", "She then learns that the actual patient is Serena's younger brother, Eric, who had been committed after a suicide attempt. Afterward, a remorseful Blair reconciles with Serena. After learning that Nate no longer loves her, Blair sleeps with Chuck, eventually falling for him. This leads to a heated affair and an eventual love triangle. Her inability to choose creates much of the first season's story line. There are brief mentions of Blair's past struggle with anorexia-bulimia that are never mentioned again past the first season. She also begins a brief power struggle with freshman Jenny Humphrey. After she unites with Chuck and Nate in order to save Serena from the scheming Georgina Sparks, Chuck realizes that his feelings for Blair are real and suggests that they spend the summer together in Tuscany. However, he is discouraged by his father at the last minute, and stands Blair up. At the launch of the second season, Blair was described by creators as the queen at the center of the \"Gossip Girl\" chess game. A large portion of her story line in revolves around her love-hate relationship with Chuck Bass, which was labeled \"the heart of \"GG\"\" by \"People\" magazine. While competing with Serena, Blair forms an unexpected friendship with Jenny, who states that they each work for everything they achieve, while Serena often glides through life. During their interviews at Yale University, Blair and Serena apologize for their ill feelings and resume their friendship. In the episode \"O Brother, Where Bart Thou?\", Chuck is devastated by news of his father's death, prompting Blair to offer her support while telling Chuck that she loves him. He initially shuns her advances, but later turns to her for comfort. However, the two stop seeing each other due to Chuck's uncle, Jack Bass, convincing him he has an inability to commit to a relationship.", "The Serena Also Rises \"The Serena Also Rises\" is the 23rd episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". It was also the fifth episode of the show's second season. The episode was written by Jessica Queller and directed by Patrick Norris. It originally aired on Monday, September 29, 2008 on the CW. In the midst of Fashion Week, a furious Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) plans on sabotaging Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) after Serena claims her Queen Bee status and rejecting her for New York socialite Poppy Lifton (Tamara Feldman), during her mother's fashion show. Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen) becomes a casualty of Blair's schemes as her father Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) begins to see through her Jenny's lies. Meanwhile, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) decides to hang out with Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to improve his writing, incidentally discovering a darker side to Chuck. Lily Bass (Kelly Rutherford) finds difficulty in her marriage with Bart Bass (Robert John Burke) when details behind her past are uncovered. Blair designs a seating plan for Eleanor's fashion show and attempts to get back in favour with the girls at school by presenting them with front row tickets. However, the girls' attention is soon drawn to the society pages, which detail Serena's new friendship with society girl Poppy Lifton. Jenny suggests to Eleanor that they improve the guest list by getting Serena to invite Poppy and her friends. When Blair finds the seating plan changed, she sees it as a personal insult from Jenny and Serena, who normally watches the show backstage with her. (In fact, Jenny didn't know Blair did the plan and Lily accepted Eleanor's offer without telling Serena.)", "Hi, Society \"Hi, Society\" is the tenth episode of the first season of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". The episode was written by Joshua Safran and directed by Patrick Norris. It originally aired on Tuesday, December 5, 2007 on the CW. The episode received positive reviews from reviewers and critics. The character of CeCe Rhodes received critical praise throughout the episode \"Hi, Society\" focuses mainly on the growing relationship between Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) and Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), the complex love-triangle between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester), and the slow transformation of Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen) from an outsider to a social climber. The episode further delves into the difficult relationship between Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Lily van der Woodsen (Kelly Rutherford) and introduces a new recurring guest character to the series, CeCe Rhodes, Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, portrayed by veteran actress Caroline Lagerfelt. The episode opens with Blair and Serena discussing Cotillion. Blair expresses her relief at moving on from Nate and Serena reminds Blair that she won't be attending. Meanwhile, Nate tells Chuck that he's falling for Blair again. While practicing for Cotillion, CeCe Rhodes (Caroline Lagerfelt), Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, arrives with masked disappointment when she receives news that Serena won't be making her debut and meets Dan, whom she views as responsible for Serena not going. Jenny worriedly ponders her decision on attending her mother's art exhibition or volunteering at Cotillion. While Blair and Chuck make out in her room, Nate arrives at Blair's loft, waiting for her."], "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#3", "question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "rewrite": "Did Chuck Bass try to rape anyone else besides Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Serena was seduced by Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), the Golden Boy of the Upper East Side and Blair's boyfriend, the night she left town. Nate announces his feelings for Serena a number of times and a series of battles ensue between the former Queen Bee Serena and her heir, Blair. However, the rift resolves in reconciliation between the two and temporary peace follows. Meanwhile, siblings Dan (Penn Badgley) and Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen), Brooklyn residents, are attracted by the opulent wealth of their classmates. Young Jenny becomes a cunning prot\u00e9g\u00e9e to Blair while Dan enters a relationship with Serena. It is revealed that their relationship resembles the one between Dan's father Rufus (Matthew Settle) and Serena's mother Lily (Kelly Rutherford) in their youth. As a subplot, Blair and Nate suffer problems in their relationship when the dangerously seductive Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) conquers Blair's fragile heart. The manipulative Georgina Sparks (Michelle Trachtenberg) arrives, creating a lot of trouble and revealing the real reason behind Serena's disappearance: a death Serena thought she was responsible for. When Georgina arrives on the Upper East Side she poses as a naive woman named Sarah in order to destroy Serena's newfound happiness. She succeeds in exposing Serena's deep-hidden secrets, taking Dan away from her and outing Serena's brother as gay. At the same time, Blair falls for Chuck, but as a price they both lose Nate. Not able to withstand the vulnerability a love relationship demands, Chuck leaves Blair. In the midst of all these events, Dan greets Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr) back to his life. Vanessa is a childhood friend of his and an outsider herself. She threatens his feelings for Serena, until he realizes the real love he has for her.", "She then learns that the actual patient is Serena's younger brother, Eric, who had been committed after a suicide attempt. Afterward, a remorseful Blair reconciles with Serena. After learning that Nate no longer loves her, Blair sleeps with Chuck, eventually falling for him. This leads to a heated affair and an eventual love triangle. Her inability to choose creates much of the first season's story line. There are brief mentions of Blair's past struggle with anorexia-bulimia that are never mentioned again past the first season. She also begins a brief power struggle with freshman Jenny Humphrey. After she unites with Chuck and Nate in order to save Serena from the scheming Georgina Sparks, Chuck realizes that his feelings for Blair are real and suggests that they spend the summer together in Tuscany. However, he is discouraged by his father at the last minute, and stands Blair up. At the launch of the second season, Blair was described by creators as the queen at the center of the \"Gossip Girl\" chess game. A large portion of her story line in revolves around her love-hate relationship with Chuck Bass, which was labeled \"the heart of \"GG\"\" by \"People\" magazine. While competing with Serena, Blair forms an unexpected friendship with Jenny, who states that they each work for everything they achieve, while Serena often glides through life. During their interviews at Yale University, Blair and Serena apologize for their ill feelings and resume their friendship. In the episode \"O Brother, Where Bart Thou?\", Chuck is devastated by news of his father's death, prompting Blair to offer her support while telling Chuck that she loves him. He initially shuns her advances, but later turns to her for comfort. However, the two stop seeing each other due to Chuck's uncle, Jack Bass, convincing him he has an inability to commit to a relationship.", "CW ignored these requests and announced that it was going to air the episode as planned. Robert John Burke, who played Chuck's father, Bart Bass, returned for \"A Christmas Carol\" themed episode in December, while Desmond Harrington returned as Chuck's uncle Jack with a major storyline affecting Chuck and Blair's relationship again and involving Chuck's estranged mother Evelyn Bass Fisher (Laura Harring). The season focused hugely on Jenny Humphrey's development and downward spiral. She spends a good part of the season alienating herself from Eric, her former best friend, and chasing after Nate, who has his heart set on Serena. At the end of the season, due to her one night stand with Chuck Bass, and new drug dealing habit, Jenny's father and Lily send her to Hudson, New York, to live with her mother. Other story lines include: Blair and Chuck's attempt and ultimate failure at having a successful relationship; Dan and Vanessa moving from friends to something more; and Serena's attempts to find herself through a new job and brief love affairs with Carter, Nate's married cousin Tripp, and eventually Nate himself. The season ends dramatically with Chuck getting robbed and shot. Season four's main mystery revolves around Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy), a secretive girl with an agenda against Serena involving her past. This subplot unravels to reveal that Lily Humphrey, Serena's mother, forged Serena's signature on an affidavit stating that Juliet's brother, Ben, had an intimate relationship with Serena, while Serena was a minor and his student leading to Ben's imprisonment. This relationship was confirmed by Serena to be false.", "Hi, Society \"Hi, Society\" is the tenth episode of the first season of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". The episode was written by Joshua Safran and directed by Patrick Norris. It originally aired on Tuesday, December 5, 2007 on the CW. The episode received positive reviews from reviewers and critics. The character of CeCe Rhodes received critical praise throughout the episode \"Hi, Society\" focuses mainly on the growing relationship between Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) and Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), the complex love-triangle between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester), and the slow transformation of Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen) from an outsider to a social climber. The episode further delves into the difficult relationship between Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Lily van der Woodsen (Kelly Rutherford) and introduces a new recurring guest character to the series, CeCe Rhodes, Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, portrayed by veteran actress Caroline Lagerfelt. The episode opens with Blair and Serena discussing Cotillion. Blair expresses her relief at moving on from Nate and Serena reminds Blair that she won't be attending. Meanwhile, Nate tells Chuck that he's falling for Blair again. While practicing for Cotillion, CeCe Rhodes (Caroline Lagerfelt), Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, arrives with masked disappointment when she receives news that Serena won't be making her debut and meets Dan, whom she views as responsible for Serena not going. Jenny worriedly ponders her decision on attending her mother's art exhibition or volunteering at Cotillion. While Blair and Chuck make out in her room, Nate arrives at Blair's loft, waiting for her.", "The Serena Also Rises \"The Serena Also Rises\" is the 23rd episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". It was also the fifth episode of the show's second season. The episode was written by Jessica Queller and directed by Patrick Norris. It originally aired on Monday, September 29, 2008 on the CW. In the midst of Fashion Week, a furious Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) plans on sabotaging Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) after Serena claims her Queen Bee status and rejecting her for New York socialite Poppy Lifton (Tamara Feldman), during her mother's fashion show. Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen) becomes a casualty of Blair's schemes as her father Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) begins to see through her Jenny's lies. Meanwhile, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) decides to hang out with Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to improve his writing, incidentally discovering a darker side to Chuck. Lily Bass (Kelly Rutherford) finds difficulty in her marriage with Bart Bass (Robert John Burke) when details behind her past are uncovered. Blair designs a seating plan for Eleanor's fashion show and attempts to get back in favour with the girls at school by presenting them with front row tickets. However, the girls' attention is soon drawn to the society pages, which detail Serena's new friendship with society girl Poppy Lifton. Jenny suggests to Eleanor that they improve the guest list by getting Serena to invite Poppy and her friends. When Blair finds the seating plan changed, she sees it as a personal insult from Jenny and Serena, who normally watches the show backstage with her. (In fact, Jenny didn't know Blair did the plan and Lily accepted Eleanor's offer without telling Serena.)"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#4", "question": "Did his womanizing ways catch up to him?", "rewrite": "Did Chuck Bass's womanizing ways catch up to him in season 1?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Touch of Eva \"Touch of Eva\" is the 69th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\", as well as the fourth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was written by Leila Gerstein and directed by Andrew McCarthy. It aired on Monday, October 4, 2010 on the CW. \"Touch of Eva\" deals with the transformation of Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) since the arrival of his new love, Eva Coupeau (Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy), to New York. The episode also delves into the resurging feelings that Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) may or may not have for Chuck, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) facing the aftermath of losing his son that slowly drives him into the arms of Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), and the growing relationship between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) and the mysterious Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy). The episode is currently the second highest-rated episode of the fourth season. The episode opens with Blair receiving news of Chuck Bass donating to charities with Eva at his side. \" Gossip Girl\" further irks Blair when she shows an image of Chuck giving Eva an expensive jeweled Cartier Baignoire watch after a charity event. With Serena still wondering who to choose between Nate and Dan and Blair's growing jealousy against Eva, both girls agree not to meddle in their respective affairs. Dan wakes up to find Vanessa staging an intervention to persuade to express his hurt over losing his son, Milo. Choosing to avoid expressing his hurt feelings, Dan proceeds to Blair's apartment to find Serena and hangout. At the Empire Hotel, Chuck and Eva announce a donation of $5,000,000 to a charity but has not made up his mind as to which charity it will go.", "Meester also expressed fondness for Dan and Blair, however, stating, \"I think they're good for each other in a lot of ways, in a way that Chuck and Blair aren't.\" Badgley claimed that he thought \"Blair [was] Dan's soul mate\" and further stated that he thought the Blair and Dan storyline was \"the most exciting for Dan as a person\". When \"Hollywoodlife.com\" asked Ed Westwick, who played Chuck Bass, which character he thought loved Blair more, Chuck or Dan, Westwick pointed to Badgley, saying \"definitely him.\" Producers initially noticed chemistry between Blair and Dan in the episode \"Bad News Blair\". According to producer Joshua Safran, the creators planned to revisit their relationship once the timing was right. Safran also stated that the outcome wasn't necessarily decided ahead of time. \"One thing we are very conscious of\u2014and I know some fans get upset about this\u2014is we really try to treat the characters as living, breathing, well-rounded individuals. And we're often surprised by where their journeys take them; they open new doors for us all the time,\" he said. Following the of Safran spoke on behalf of the series regarding the scene in which Chuck became violent with Blair. In response to these comments, Carina MacKenzie of Zap2it stated, \"We're left wondering if Safran missed the part where she went home bleeding because Chuck was using physical intimidation to release his own emotions. \" While reviewing the episode, Tierney Bricker of Zap2it felt that there were \"really no excuses for Chuck Bass anymore.\" MacKenzie concluded that Chuck's behavior throughout fit the signs of an abusive relationship, citing examples from \"HelpGuide.org\", a non-profit health resource.", "The episode received negative remarks following a controversial scene of Chuck Bass subjecting what many perceived to be domestic violence to Blair Waldorf. The \"Los Angeles Times\"' Judy Berman praised the direction of the episode, \"\"Gossip Girl\" is finally fun to watch again. The writers pulled out all the stops this week: Glass shatters! Blood spills! Engagement rings gleam! Friends and near-strangers double-cross each other! A disastrously drunk Chuck Bass revives his catchphrase, \"I'm Chuck Bass\"! Even Nate earns his screen time. \" Steve Marsi of \"TV Fanatic\" however, had mixed reviews regarding the episode, stating the overall narrative \"felt sorely lacking.\" and that the plot lines \"became really twisted and confusing and the relationships too tangential. \" Serena's actions throughout the episode were called out, followed by Chuck's slow downward spiral that culminated in forcing himself on Blair. Marsi continued his review on Chuck, stating that his behavior \"leaves little room for redemption\". The sudden absence of Dan and Blair's relationship was panned by Marsi, who disapproved of the lack of interaction between the two characters. \" New York Magazine\" hailed the return of Nate and Chuck's \"bromance\", praised the change of direction for the character of Charlie, and Blair dating prince but generally panned the episode for its shortcomings and the closing scene. Chris Rovar and Jessica Pressler hoped that the show \"could make it up in the coming weeks.\" Charlie Rhodes became the subject of praise with her successful integration into the Upper East side. Marsi praised her choosing to confront Vanessa alone, calling her \"a natural\" at schemes and that \"even an outsider can thoroughly outshine an outcast.\"", "Bibhu Mohapatra printed gown from the Fall 2009 collection, Brian Atwood shoes, MCL statement necklace and Nancy Gonzalez clutch. Leighton Meester was dressed in a blue Jenny Packham gown coupled with Swarovski earrings. Blake Lively wore a red J Mendel dress with Brian Atwood heels. \"Touch of Eva\" was watched by 2.00 million viewers and achieved a 1.1 Adults 18-49 demo. It also scored a 1.7 rating in adults 18-34 and a 2.8 rating in the network's main target, women 18-34, becoming the most watched show of the network in the latter demo. It's the highest women rating for the series since last season's \"The Treasure of Serena Madre\". Chris Rovzar and Jessica Pressler of \"New York Magazine\" praised Eva's positive influence on Chuck and Chuck's mature confrontation of Eva's past but found that the episode has accomplished \"two important things: the dismissal of Eva, who we knew wasn't going to stick around that long, and the reinstatement of the Blair/Chuck tension\". \"The LA Times\"' Judy Berman however, had grown weary of Chuck the Philanthropist\" and preferred the more sinister and womanizing persona of Chuck Bass. Mark O. Estes of \"Tv Overmind\" described the episode as \"the latest in a string of solid episodes this season.\".", "New York, I Love You XOXO \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" is the series finale of \"Gossip Girl\". The episode serves as the tenth episode of the sixth season and the show's 121st episode overall. Written by Stephanie Savage, and directed by Mark Piznarski, the series finale originally aired on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on December 17, 2012. \"Gossip Girl\" follows the lives of a group of young adults coming from a wealthy background. In this final episode, the death of Bart Bass rushes Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to marry Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and the identity of Gossip Girl is revealed. A five-year flash forward takes place and shows the wedding of Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) to Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively). \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" received favorable reviews from television critics. Upon its initial airing, the finale was viewed in the United States by 1.55 million people and garnered a 0.8/2 Nielsen rating/share in the 18\u201349 demographic, registering as the season's most-watched episode. The series finale picked up where the previous episode left off, where Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Bart argue on the roof ending with Bart falling off the building. Chuck and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) leave the scene and hide from the police as Chuck is considered \"a person of interest\" in the case. Jack Bass (Desmond Harrington), Chuck's uncle, comes to help him and suggests the two get married since spousal privilege prevents a wife from unwillingly testifying against her husband. Chuck thus proposes to Blair who tearfully accepts."], "answer": {"text": "This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate.", "answer_start": 1519}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#5", "question": "What happens during this temporary rift with Blair and Nate?", "rewrite": "What happens during Chuck Bass's temporary rift with Blair and Nate in season 1?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Serena was seduced by Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), the Golden Boy of the Upper East Side and Blair's boyfriend, the night she left town. Nate announces his feelings for Serena a number of times and a series of battles ensue between the former Queen Bee Serena and her heir, Blair. However, the rift resolves in reconciliation between the two and temporary peace follows. Meanwhile, siblings Dan (Penn Badgley) and Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen), Brooklyn residents, are attracted by the opulent wealth of their classmates. Young Jenny becomes a cunning prot\u00e9g\u00e9e to Blair while Dan enters a relationship with Serena. It is revealed that their relationship resembles the one between Dan's father Rufus (Matthew Settle) and Serena's mother Lily (Kelly Rutherford) in their youth. As a subplot, Blair and Nate suffer problems in their relationship when the dangerously seductive Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) conquers Blair's fragile heart. The manipulative Georgina Sparks (Michelle Trachtenberg) arrives, creating a lot of trouble and revealing the real reason behind Serena's disappearance: a death Serena thought she was responsible for. When Georgina arrives on the Upper East Side she poses as a naive woman named Sarah in order to destroy Serena's newfound happiness. She succeeds in exposing Serena's deep-hidden secrets, taking Dan away from her and outing Serena's brother as gay. At the same time, Blair falls for Chuck, but as a price they both lose Nate. Not able to withstand the vulnerability a love relationship demands, Chuck leaves Blair. In the midst of all these events, Dan greets Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr) back to his life. Vanessa is a childhood friend of his and an outsider herself. She threatens his feelings for Serena, until he realizes the real love he has for her.", "The Backup Dan \"The Backup Dan\" is the fourteenth episode of season 5 on the show \"Gossip Girl\". The episode was directed by David Warren and written by Matt Whitney. It was aired on February 6, 2012, on the CW. Similar to previous names in the TV series, the title of the episode references a work on literature. The title reference is from the 2010 film \"The Back-up Plan\". Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively): Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford): Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester): Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick):  Daniel Humphrey (Penn Badgely) Following the wedding, Blair tries to leave for the Dominican Republic, with the help of Dan, to get a divorce from Louis without his consent due to a loophole in the Dominican Republic's law. However, she realizes that she forgot her passport and so asks Dorota for help. Serena, Chuck, Nate reluctantly team up with Georgina to find Blair, until Georgina gets a tip from one of her sources and she leaves. Georgina then, as Gossip Girl, informs Louis and Sophia of Blair's location. Nate, Serena and Chuck eventually find Blair in a hotel room with Dan. Sophia finds Blair and threatens to forcefully sell Eleanor's company as dowry if Blair chooses not to return, on which Blair reluctantly decides to go back. Elsewhere, Nate has another meeting with the real Charlie Rhodes, who goes by the name of Lola. At the end, it is implied that neither Chuck nor Serena, who takes the blame, leaked the video of Blair confessing her love for Chuck. It is revealed that Georgina is simply filling in for Gossip Girl ever since she abandoned the blog after Chuck and Blair's car accident. The episode starts with a recap of the previous episode, \"G.G.\" and the title sequence.", "Chuck grew up on the Upper East Side with his three best friends and fellow elites Nate Archibald, Blair Waldorf, and future-stepsister Serena van der Woodsen. His father is Bart Bass, a self-made billionaire, which is irregular, compared to the Bass' old money friends. Chuck is often described as the \"bad boy of his circle.\" Chuck is a playboy and womanizer who sees women as recreational tools. Chuck frequently skips class and smokes cannabis. In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey. When speaking about Serena in the pilot episode, Chuck says, \"Serena looked effin' hot last night. There's something wrong with that level of perfection. It needs to be violated.\" With time, he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer, however, his lecherous attitude continues as he makes multiple advances on his step-sister at the time, Serena. In episode seven, \"Victor/Victrola\", Chuck purchases a burlesque club, Victrola. After Nate and Blair break up, Blair visits Chuck at Victrola where she ends up performing on stage. She later loses her virginity to him in the back of his limousine. Though she tries to deny the encounter, Chuck buys a necklace for her and admits that he feels \"butterflies\" in her presence, leading to a clandestine sexual relationship. Despite this, Nate and Blair rekindle their relationship, leading to a jealous Chuck revealing to the anonymous \"Gossip Girl\" that Blair and Chuck had a sexual relationship. This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate. As Bart Bass and Lily van der Woodsen's relationship progresses, they decide to move their families in together.", "Touch of Eva \"Touch of Eva\" is the 69th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\", as well as the fourth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was written by Leila Gerstein and directed by Andrew McCarthy. It aired on Monday, October 4, 2010 on the CW. \"Touch of Eva\" deals with the transformation of Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) since the arrival of his new love, Eva Coupeau (Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy), to New York. The episode also delves into the resurging feelings that Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) may or may not have for Chuck, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) facing the aftermath of losing his son that slowly drives him into the arms of Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), and the growing relationship between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) and the mysterious Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy). The episode is currently the second highest-rated episode of the fourth season. The episode opens with Blair receiving news of Chuck Bass donating to charities with Eva at his side. \" Gossip Girl\" further irks Blair when she shows an image of Chuck giving Eva an expensive jeweled Cartier Baignoire watch after a charity event. With Serena still wondering who to choose between Nate and Dan and Blair's growing jealousy against Eva, both girls agree not to meddle in their respective affairs. Dan wakes up to find Vanessa staging an intervention to persuade to express his hurt over losing his son, Milo. Choosing to avoid expressing his hurt feelings, Dan proceeds to Blair's apartment to find Serena and hangout. At the Empire Hotel, Chuck and Eva announce a donation of $5,000,000 to a charity but has not made up his mind as to which charity it will go.", "The episode received negative remarks following a controversial scene of Chuck Bass subjecting what many perceived to be domestic violence to Blair Waldorf. The \"Los Angeles Times\"' Judy Berman praised the direction of the episode, \"\"Gossip Girl\" is finally fun to watch again. The writers pulled out all the stops this week: Glass shatters! Blood spills! Engagement rings gleam! Friends and near-strangers double-cross each other! A disastrously drunk Chuck Bass revives his catchphrase, \"I'm Chuck Bass\"! Even Nate earns his screen time. \" Steve Marsi of \"TV Fanatic\" however, had mixed reviews regarding the episode, stating the overall narrative \"felt sorely lacking.\" and that the plot lines \"became really twisted and confusing and the relationships too tangential. \" Serena's actions throughout the episode were called out, followed by Chuck's slow downward spiral that culminated in forcing himself on Blair. Marsi continued his review on Chuck, stating that his behavior \"leaves little room for redemption\". The sudden absence of Dan and Blair's relationship was panned by Marsi, who disapproved of the lack of interaction between the two characters. \" New York Magazine\" hailed the return of Nate and Chuck's \"bromance\", praised the change of direction for the character of Charlie, and Blair dating prince but generally panned the episode for its shortcomings and the closing scene. Chris Rovar and Jessica Pressler hoped that the show \"could make it up in the coming weeks.\" Charlie Rhodes became the subject of praise with her successful integration into the Upper East side. Marsi praised her choosing to confront Vanessa alone, calling her \"a natural\" at schemes and that \"even an outsider can thoroughly outshine an outcast.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his womanizing ways catch up to him?", "answer": {"text": "This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#6", "question": "What are some other very important aspects that takes place in Season 1?", "rewrite": "Besides Chuck Bass's attempted rape of Serena and Jenny Humphrey, and his rift with Blair and Nate, what are some other very important aspects that takes place in Season 1?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She then learns that the actual patient is Serena's younger brother, Eric, who had been committed after a suicide attempt. Afterward, a remorseful Blair reconciles with Serena. After learning that Nate no longer loves her, Blair sleeps with Chuck, eventually falling for him. This leads to a heated affair and an eventual love triangle. Her inability to choose creates much of the first season's story line. There are brief mentions of Blair's past struggle with anorexia-bulimia that are never mentioned again past the first season. She also begins a brief power struggle with freshman Jenny Humphrey. After she unites with Chuck and Nate in order to save Serena from the scheming Georgina Sparks, Chuck realizes that his feelings for Blair are real and suggests that they spend the summer together in Tuscany. However, he is discouraged by his father at the last minute, and stands Blair up. At the launch of the second season, Blair was described by creators as the queen at the center of the \"Gossip Girl\" chess game. A large portion of her story line in revolves around her love-hate relationship with Chuck Bass, which was labeled \"the heart of \"GG\"\" by \"People\" magazine. While competing with Serena, Blair forms an unexpected friendship with Jenny, who states that they each work for everything they achieve, while Serena often glides through life. During their interviews at Yale University, Blair and Serena apologize for their ill feelings and resume their friendship. In the episode \"O Brother, Where Bart Thou?\", Chuck is devastated by news of his father's death, prompting Blair to offer her support while telling Chuck that she loves him. He initially shuns her advances, but later turns to her for comfort. However, the two stop seeing each other due to Chuck's uncle, Jack Bass, convincing him he has an inability to commit to a relationship.", "Jenny can't help but feel that sleeping in such a lucky bed must rub off. Jenny Humphrey is introduced in Season 1. A pretty, blonde freshman at Constance Billard , she tries desperately to fit in with Blair's clique, but Blair makes it difficult for her, subjecting Jenny to the rules of high school hierarchy. A possible friendship ends when Blair discovers Nate's lingering feelings for Serena and Jenny's interest in Nate, entailing further cruelty to Jenny. When Blair's affair with Chuck Bass is exposed, Nate approaches Jenny and Blair's affair is made public. Blair's friends shun her for her hypocrisy and establish Jenny as the new Queen Bee of Constance Billard. Despite being one of the school It Girls, she is driven to prove herself. Lacking self-confidence because she is not as rich as the other girls, she sells her sewing machine and barters an expensive dress she stole from one of her friends. When Blair throws her a surprise birthday party, the other girls discover that Jenny stole the dress, bringing Blair's scheme to fruition. Jenny retaliates by bringing Nate with her to Blair's victory party and winning the girls to her side. Jenny and Blair then struggle for the position of Queen Bee. Jenny thinks she's found true love with Asher Hornsby, but their romance is short-lived when she discovers that he is gay. He convinces her to say that she lost her virginity to him in order to dispel the rumors that he is gay, promising that as long as she pretends it's true, he'll give her privileges that the Upper East Side can offer. But Blair and Eric out Asher at his own party, and Jenny confesses that she lied about having sex with him.", "CW ignored these requests and announced that it was going to air the episode as planned. Robert John Burke, who played Chuck's father, Bart Bass, returned for \"A Christmas Carol\" themed episode in December, while Desmond Harrington returned as Chuck's uncle Jack with a major storyline affecting Chuck and Blair's relationship again and involving Chuck's estranged mother Evelyn Bass Fisher (Laura Harring). The season focused hugely on Jenny Humphrey's development and downward spiral. She spends a good part of the season alienating herself from Eric, her former best friend, and chasing after Nate, who has his heart set on Serena. At the end of the season, due to her one night stand with Chuck Bass, and new drug dealing habit, Jenny's father and Lily send her to Hudson, New York, to live with her mother. Other story lines include: Blair and Chuck's attempt and ultimate failure at having a successful relationship; Dan and Vanessa moving from friends to something more; and Serena's attempts to find herself through a new job and brief love affairs with Carter, Nate's married cousin Tripp, and eventually Nate himself. The season ends dramatically with Chuck getting robbed and shot. Season four's main mystery revolves around Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy), a secretive girl with an agenda against Serena involving her past. This subplot unravels to reveal that Lily Humphrey, Serena's mother, forged Serena's signature on an affidavit stating that Juliet's brother, Ben, had an intimate relationship with Serena, while Serena was a minor and his student leading to Ben's imprisonment. This relationship was confirmed by Serena to be false.", "Serena was seduced by Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), the Golden Boy of the Upper East Side and Blair's boyfriend, the night she left town. Nate announces his feelings for Serena a number of times and a series of battles ensue between the former Queen Bee Serena and her heir, Blair. However, the rift resolves in reconciliation between the two and temporary peace follows. Meanwhile, siblings Dan (Penn Badgley) and Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen), Brooklyn residents, are attracted by the opulent wealth of their classmates. Young Jenny becomes a cunning prot\u00e9g\u00e9e to Blair while Dan enters a relationship with Serena. It is revealed that their relationship resembles the one between Dan's father Rufus (Matthew Settle) and Serena's mother Lily (Kelly Rutherford) in their youth. As a subplot, Blair and Nate suffer problems in their relationship when the dangerously seductive Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) conquers Blair's fragile heart. The manipulative Georgina Sparks (Michelle Trachtenberg) arrives, creating a lot of trouble and revealing the real reason behind Serena's disappearance: a death Serena thought she was responsible for. When Georgina arrives on the Upper East Side she poses as a naive woman named Sarah in order to destroy Serena's newfound happiness. She succeeds in exposing Serena's deep-hidden secrets, taking Dan away from her and outing Serena's brother as gay. At the same time, Blair falls for Chuck, but as a price they both lose Nate. Not able to withstand the vulnerability a love relationship demands, Chuck leaves Blair. In the midst of all these events, Dan greets Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr) back to his life. Vanessa is a childhood friend of his and an outsider herself. She threatens his feelings for Serena, until he realizes the real love he has for her.", "Hi, Society \"Hi, Society\" is the tenth episode of the first season of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\". The episode was written by Joshua Safran and directed by Patrick Norris. It originally aired on Tuesday, December 5, 2007 on the CW. The episode received positive reviews from reviewers and critics. The character of CeCe Rhodes received critical praise throughout the episode \"Hi, Society\" focuses mainly on the growing relationship between Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) and Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), the complex love-triangle between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford), Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester), and the slow transformation of Jenny Humphrey (Taylor Momsen) from an outsider to a social climber. The episode further delves into the difficult relationship between Rufus Humphrey (Matthew Settle) and Lily van der Woodsen (Kelly Rutherford) and introduces a new recurring guest character to the series, CeCe Rhodes, Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, portrayed by veteran actress Caroline Lagerfelt. The episode opens with Blair and Serena discussing Cotillion. Blair expresses her relief at moving on from Nate and Serena reminds Blair that she won't be attending. Meanwhile, Nate tells Chuck that he's falling for Blair again. While practicing for Cotillion, CeCe Rhodes (Caroline Lagerfelt), Lily's mother and Serena's grandmother, arrives with masked disappointment when she receives news that Serena won't be making her debut and meets Dan, whom she views as responsible for Serena not going. Jenny worriedly ponders her decision on attending her mother's art exhibition or volunteering at Cotillion. While Blair and Chuck make out in her room, Nate arrives at Blair's loft, waiting for her."], "answer": {"text": "At Bart and Lily's wedding at the end of Season 1, Chuck apologizes and confesses to Nate that he was in love with Blair.", "answer_start": 805}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his womanizing ways catch up to him?", "answer": {"text": "This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happens during this temporary rift with Blair and Nate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#7", "question": "Does Blair say that she's in love with him too?", "rewrite": "Does Blair say that she's in love with Chuck Bass too in season 1?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meester also expressed fondness for Dan and Blair, however, stating, \"I think they're good for each other in a lot of ways, in a way that Chuck and Blair aren't.\" Badgley claimed that he thought \"Blair [was] Dan's soul mate\" and further stated that he thought the Blair and Dan storyline was \"the most exciting for Dan as a person\". When \"Hollywoodlife.com\" asked Ed Westwick, who played Chuck Bass, which character he thought loved Blair more, Chuck or Dan, Westwick pointed to Badgley, saying \"definitely him.\" Producers initially noticed chemistry between Blair and Dan in the episode \"Bad News Blair\". According to producer Joshua Safran, the creators planned to revisit their relationship once the timing was right. Safran also stated that the outcome wasn't necessarily decided ahead of time. \"One thing we are very conscious of\u2014and I know some fans get upset about this\u2014is we really try to treat the characters as living, breathing, well-rounded individuals. And we're often surprised by where their journeys take them; they open new doors for us all the time,\" he said. Following the of Safran spoke on behalf of the series regarding the scene in which Chuck became violent with Blair. In response to these comments, Carina MacKenzie of Zap2it stated, \"We're left wondering if Safran missed the part where she went home bleeding because Chuck was using physical intimidation to release his own emotions. \" While reviewing the episode, Tierney Bricker of Zap2it felt that there were \"really no excuses for Chuck Bass anymore.\" MacKenzie concluded that Chuck's behavior throughout fit the signs of an abusive relationship, citing examples from \"HelpGuide.org\", a non-profit health resource.", "Cyrus and Harold both give Blair away, and Dan and Serena walk down the aisle together. However, it appears that someone taped Chuck and Blair's moment, when Blair was professing her love for Chuck to him. It sends Blair running down the aisle and causes her to blame Chuck, assuming he was the one who sent the blast to Gossip Girl. Soon, she returns to the altar, and she and Louis continue the wedding. After Louis and Blair say their vows and take each other as man and wife, Serena tells Dan that she loves him, that she always had and she always will, just before Louis and Blair take their first dance as a married couple. As Blair tells Louis that she's very thankful for giving her a princess title and especially grateful that he gave her another chance, he coldly responds that their wedding was all for show and there is nothing but a contract between them. He tells her that when they're alone, they'll become like strangers to each other. After the wedding, Dan is certain he has lost Blair to Louis but soon finds out it is a sham wedding when Blair asks him for help to get out of the country and file for a divorce. Taking her to the airport he realizes just how much she needs to get out of this situation and lies to Serena about her whereabouts, this leaves him with a problem when he is discovered with Blair later on. Soon afterwards, Blair arrives from her honeymoon to Manhattan on Valentine's Day, she tries to set Dan and Serena up once again. However, when Blair notices the lack of interest Dan has in pursuing his old relationship with Serena. She tells him that she attempted to get Dan and Serena back together because she wants Dan to be happy. Blair asks him what it is that would make him happy, and he responds by kissing her, leaving Blair stunned.", "The episode received negative remarks following a controversial scene of Chuck Bass subjecting what many perceived to be domestic violence to Blair Waldorf. The \"Los Angeles Times\"' Judy Berman praised the direction of the episode, \"\"Gossip Girl\" is finally fun to watch again. The writers pulled out all the stops this week: Glass shatters! Blood spills! Engagement rings gleam! Friends and near-strangers double-cross each other! A disastrously drunk Chuck Bass revives his catchphrase, \"I'm Chuck Bass\"! Even Nate earns his screen time. \" Steve Marsi of \"TV Fanatic\" however, had mixed reviews regarding the episode, stating the overall narrative \"felt sorely lacking.\" and that the plot lines \"became really twisted and confusing and the relationships too tangential. \" Serena's actions throughout the episode were called out, followed by Chuck's slow downward spiral that culminated in forcing himself on Blair. Marsi continued his review on Chuck, stating that his behavior \"leaves little room for redemption\". The sudden absence of Dan and Blair's relationship was panned by Marsi, who disapproved of the lack of interaction between the two characters. \" New York Magazine\" hailed the return of Nate and Chuck's \"bromance\", praised the change of direction for the character of Charlie, and Blair dating prince but generally panned the episode for its shortcomings and the closing scene. Chris Rovar and Jessica Pressler hoped that the show \"could make it up in the coming weeks.\" Charlie Rhodes became the subject of praise with her successful integration into the Upper East side. Marsi praised her choosing to confront Vanessa alone, calling her \"a natural\" at schemes and that \"even an outsider can thoroughly outshine an outcast.\"", "New York, I Love You XOXO \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" is the series finale of \"Gossip Girl\". The episode serves as the tenth episode of the sixth season and the show's 121st episode overall. Written by Stephanie Savage, and directed by Mark Piznarski, the series finale originally aired on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on December 17, 2012. \"Gossip Girl\" follows the lives of a group of young adults coming from a wealthy background. In this final episode, the death of Bart Bass rushes Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to marry Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and the identity of Gossip Girl is revealed. A five-year flash forward takes place and shows the wedding of Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) to Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively). \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" received favorable reviews from television critics. Upon its initial airing, the finale was viewed in the United States by 1.55 million people and garnered a 0.8/2 Nielsen rating/share in the 18\u201349 demographic, registering as the season's most-watched episode. The series finale picked up where the previous episode left off, where Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Bart argue on the roof ending with Bart falling off the building. Chuck and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) leave the scene and hide from the police as Chuck is considered \"a person of interest\" in the case. Jack Bass (Desmond Harrington), Chuck's uncle, comes to help him and suggests the two get married since spousal privilege prevents a wife from unwillingly testifying against her husband. Chuck thus proposes to Blair who tearfully accepts.", "Touch of Eva \"Touch of Eva\" is the 69th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\", as well as the fourth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was written by Leila Gerstein and directed by Andrew McCarthy. It aired on Monday, October 4, 2010 on the CW. \"Touch of Eva\" deals with the transformation of Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) since the arrival of his new love, Eva Coupeau (Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy), to New York. The episode also delves into the resurging feelings that Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) may or may not have for Chuck, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) facing the aftermath of losing his son that slowly drives him into the arms of Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), and the growing relationship between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) and the mysterious Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy). The episode is currently the second highest-rated episode of the fourth season. The episode opens with Blair receiving news of Chuck Bass donating to charities with Eva at his side. \" Gossip Girl\" further irks Blair when she shows an image of Chuck giving Eva an expensive jeweled Cartier Baignoire watch after a charity event. With Serena still wondering who to choose between Nate and Dan and Blair's growing jealousy against Eva, both girls agree not to meddle in their respective affairs. Dan wakes up to find Vanessa staging an intervention to persuade to express his hurt over losing his son, Milo. Choosing to avoid expressing his hurt feelings, Dan proceeds to Blair's apartment to find Serena and hangout. At the Empire Hotel, Chuck and Eva announce a donation of $5,000,000 to a charity but has not made up his mind as to which charity it will go."], "answer": {"text": "She accepts his apology and the two kiss.", "answer_start": 1042}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his womanizing ways catch up to him?", "answer": {"text": "This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happens during this temporary rift with Blair and Nate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other very important aspects that takes place in Season 1?", "answer": {"text": "At Bart and Lily's wedding at the end of Season 1, Chuck apologizes and confesses to Nate that he was in love with Blair.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#8", "question": "What happens after Blair and Chuck kiss?", "rewrite": "What happens in season 1 after Blair and Chuck Bass kiss?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Meester also expressed fondness for Dan and Blair, however, stating, \"I think they're good for each other in a lot of ways, in a way that Chuck and Blair aren't.\" Badgley claimed that he thought \"Blair [was] Dan's soul mate\" and further stated that he thought the Blair and Dan storyline was \"the most exciting for Dan as a person\". When \"Hollywoodlife.com\" asked Ed Westwick, who played Chuck Bass, which character he thought loved Blair more, Chuck or Dan, Westwick pointed to Badgley, saying \"definitely him.\" Producers initially noticed chemistry between Blair and Dan in the episode \"Bad News Blair\". According to producer Joshua Safran, the creators planned to revisit their relationship once the timing was right. Safran also stated that the outcome wasn't necessarily decided ahead of time. \"One thing we are very conscious of\u2014and I know some fans get upset about this\u2014is we really try to treat the characters as living, breathing, well-rounded individuals. And we're often surprised by where their journeys take them; they open new doors for us all the time,\" he said. Following the of Safran spoke on behalf of the series regarding the scene in which Chuck became violent with Blair. In response to these comments, Carina MacKenzie of Zap2it stated, \"We're left wondering if Safran missed the part where she went home bleeding because Chuck was using physical intimidation to release his own emotions. \" While reviewing the episode, Tierney Bricker of Zap2it felt that there were \"really no excuses for Chuck Bass anymore.\" MacKenzie concluded that Chuck's behavior throughout fit the signs of an abusive relationship, citing examples from \"HelpGuide.org\", a non-profit health resource.", "Touch of Eva \"Touch of Eva\" is the 69th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\", as well as the fourth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was written by Leila Gerstein and directed by Andrew McCarthy. It aired on Monday, October 4, 2010 on the CW. \"Touch of Eva\" deals with the transformation of Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) since the arrival of his new love, Eva Coupeau (Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy), to New York. The episode also delves into the resurging feelings that Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) may or may not have for Chuck, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) facing the aftermath of losing his son that slowly drives him into the arms of Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), and the growing relationship between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) and the mysterious Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy). The episode is currently the second highest-rated episode of the fourth season. The episode opens with Blair receiving news of Chuck Bass donating to charities with Eva at his side. \" Gossip Girl\" further irks Blair when she shows an image of Chuck giving Eva an expensive jeweled Cartier Baignoire watch after a charity event. With Serena still wondering who to choose between Nate and Dan and Blair's growing jealousy against Eva, both girls agree not to meddle in their respective affairs. Dan wakes up to find Vanessa staging an intervention to persuade to express his hurt over losing his son, Milo. Choosing to avoid expressing his hurt feelings, Dan proceeds to Blair's apartment to find Serena and hangout. At the Empire Hotel, Chuck and Eva announce a donation of $5,000,000 to a charity but has not made up his mind as to which charity it will go.", "The episode received negative remarks following a controversial scene of Chuck Bass subjecting what many perceived to be domestic violence to Blair Waldorf. The \"Los Angeles Times\"' Judy Berman praised the direction of the episode, \"\"Gossip Girl\" is finally fun to watch again. The writers pulled out all the stops this week: Glass shatters! Blood spills! Engagement rings gleam! Friends and near-strangers double-cross each other! A disastrously drunk Chuck Bass revives his catchphrase, \"I'm Chuck Bass\"! Even Nate earns his screen time. \" Steve Marsi of \"TV Fanatic\" however, had mixed reviews regarding the episode, stating the overall narrative \"felt sorely lacking.\" and that the plot lines \"became really twisted and confusing and the relationships too tangential. \" Serena's actions throughout the episode were called out, followed by Chuck's slow downward spiral that culminated in forcing himself on Blair. Marsi continued his review on Chuck, stating that his behavior \"leaves little room for redemption\". The sudden absence of Dan and Blair's relationship was panned by Marsi, who disapproved of the lack of interaction between the two characters. \" New York Magazine\" hailed the return of Nate and Chuck's \"bromance\", praised the change of direction for the character of Charlie, and Blair dating prince but generally panned the episode for its shortcomings and the closing scene. Chris Rovar and Jessica Pressler hoped that the show \"could make it up in the coming weeks.\" Charlie Rhodes became the subject of praise with her successful integration into the Upper East side. Marsi praised her choosing to confront Vanessa alone, calling her \"a natural\" at schemes and that \"even an outsider can thoroughly outshine an outcast.\"", "New York, I Love You XOXO \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" is the series finale of \"Gossip Girl\". The episode serves as the tenth episode of the sixth season and the show's 121st episode overall. Written by Stephanie Savage, and directed by Mark Piznarski, the series finale originally aired on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on December 17, 2012. \"Gossip Girl\" follows the lives of a group of young adults coming from a wealthy background. In this final episode, the death of Bart Bass rushes Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to marry Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and the identity of Gossip Girl is revealed. A five-year flash forward takes place and shows the wedding of Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) to Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively). \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" received favorable reviews from television critics. Upon its initial airing, the finale was viewed in the United States by 1.55 million people and garnered a 0.8/2 Nielsen rating/share in the 18\u201349 demographic, registering as the season's most-watched episode. The series finale picked up where the previous episode left off, where Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Bart argue on the roof ending with Bart falling off the building. Chuck and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) leave the scene and hide from the police as Chuck is considered \"a person of interest\" in the case. Jack Bass (Desmond Harrington), Chuck's uncle, comes to help him and suggests the two get married since spousal privilege prevents a wife from unwillingly testifying against her husband. Chuck thus proposes to Blair who tearfully accepts.", "The Princesses and the Frog \"The Princesses and the Frog\" is the 85th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\" and the 20th episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was written by Leila Gerstein and directed by Andrew McCarthy. It originally aired on Monday, May 2, 2011 on the CW. Executive producer Joshua Safran was criticized for the depiction of perceived relationship abuse and domestic violence in a controversial scene of the episode and negative reactions towards the character of Chuck Bass. \"The Princesses and the Frog\" reveals Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) pursuing a fairytale romance with Louis Grimaldi (Hugo Becker) as she faces the challenge of winning the approval of Princess Sophie (Joanne Whalley) and possibly earns more than a royal approval, while Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively) attempts to ruin Blair by airing out every scandal she can draw out. Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) slowly devolves into a downward spiral the longer he holds on the secret disappearance of Avery Thorpe. Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) finds himself torn between his relationship with Raina Thorpe (Tika Sumpter) and his friendship with Chuck. Vanessa Abrams (Jessica Szohr) befriends Charlie Rhodes (Kaylee DeFer) for reasons that revolve around Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley). Chuck (Ed Westwick) informing his P.I that he doesn't believe his father is responsible for the murder of Avery Thorpe - Raina's mother - and for him to drop the case. Serena, on the phone to Blair, finds that her attempt to break up Louis and Blair has only made them stronger thus far. She fakes being happy for them, and afterwards explains to Eric that she is trying to break them up because Blair crossed \"sacred territory\" when she kissed Dan."], "answer": {"text": "However, as they are about to embark on a trip to Tuscany together, Chuck gets cold feet.", "answer_start": 1084}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his womanizing ways catch up to him?", "answer": {"text": "This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happens during this temporary rift with Blair and Nate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other very important aspects that takes place in Season 1?", "answer": {"text": "At Bart and Lily's wedding at the end of Season 1, Chuck apologizes and confesses to Nate that he was in love with Blair.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does Blair say that she's in love with him too?", "answer": {"text": "She accepts his apology and the two kiss.", "answer_start": 1042, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#9", "question": "What does Chuck do when he gets cold feet?", "rewrite": "What does Chuck do when he gets cold feet?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chuck and Eric van der Woodsen, Lily's son and Serena's younger brother, become especially close. When Serena begins receiving mysterious packages (pornography in the mail, alcohol delivered to her at school), she automatically blames Chuck. Given the creepy remarks Chuck has made about \"bathing together\" and \"turning that onepiece into a no-piece.\" Serena is not to blame. Bart subsequently forces Chuck to move out of the family home. Serena discovers that the culprit was actually Georgina Sparks, a past classmate of both Serena and Chuck. It is later revealed that Chuck lost his virginity to Georgina in the sixth grade. Chuck and Blair join together to prevent Georgina from further harming and embarrassing Serena. This process rekindles their bond, and they succeed in getting rid of Georgina. At Bart and Lily's wedding at the end of Season 1, Chuck apologizes and confesses to Nate that he was in love with Blair. During the wedding reception, Chuck gives a speech about forgiveness that is implied to be directed towards Blair. She accepts his apology and the two kiss. However, as they are about to embark on a trip to Tuscany together, Chuck gets cold feet. Blair leaves for Tuscany without him, as Chuck has decided to seduce Amelia, tossing the roses for Blair in the trash can.", "Harries suggested that if a series were to be commissioned, more characters would be needed. Bullen developed a supporting cast for \"Cold Feet\", basing each character on friends of his. The script for \"Cold Feet\" went through \"six or seven\" drafts before being filmed in 1996 and was broadcast in 1997. After a hiatus, it was commissioned for a full series. During the hiatus, he wrote a romantic comedy feature film script for Granada and developed a pilot for London Weekend Television, neither of which were picked up. The Writers' Guild of Great Britain presented to Bullen the award for New Writer of the Year at their awards ceremony in October 1997. When he first started writing professionally, Bullen could not structure his scripting in a coherent way, adopting a \"mix and match\" method; he began by structuring a script on cards, then typing what he had onto a computer, then returning to the cards. After completing the \"Cold Feet\" pilot, he starting writing ten pages of script per day, regardless of the quality of the writing. His own third draft was usually submitted to producers as the \"first draft\". Production on the first series of \"Cold Feet\" began in January 1998. Bullen continued his method of developing storylines based on his own life; he and his wife had their first child in the latter half of 1997, so he integrated their experiences into the storyline of characters Pete and Jenny, who have their first child in \"Cold Feet\"s first episode. Throughout 1998, he retained his job at the BBC, working on three radio shows per week at the same time as writing \"Cold Feet\". During the second series he cut back to one show per week. By the time of the third series in 2000, he felt confident enough that he would have a future in television that he was able to give up radio presenting completely.", "Brocklehurst noted that these series \"lacked [\"Cold Feet\"s] warmth and believability\" adding that they were \"unrealistic and cynical\". In 2007, Brocklehurst said:  Over four years after \"Cold Feet\" ended, ITV executives were still looking for a series that could comfortably replace it. On his appointment as chairman of ITV plc in 2007, Michael Grade announced that he wanted the ITV network to be broadcasting long-running series like \"Cold Feet\" to attract the younger, upmarket viewing demographic. In 2008, BBC One broadcast \"Mutual Friends\", a six-part television series written by Anil Gupta, which was compared to \"Cold Feet\". While the BBC wanted the series to match the success of \"Cold Feet\", producer Rob Bullock stressed that \"\"Cold Feet\" is about a different period of life. It's about people in their early thirties. \" Mutual Friends\" moves things on\u2014what's happening to our characters as they approach 40 is very different. Why do so many lives fall apart at 40? Because things haven't worked out how we hoped and we've had to turn to Plan B. The drama is all about the crisis caused by things not turning out as the characters planned.\" Later in 2008, ITV commissioned \"Married Single Other\", a comedy drama executive-produced by Andy Harries and directed by Declan Lowney, about three contemporary couples living in Leeds. Granada Entertainment USA, the American arm of Granada Productions, tendered the series format to American networks and cable channels from late 1997. The format was sold to NBC, which commissioned 13 x 60-minute episodes in May 1999 for the fall season, to be produced in association with Kerry Ehrin Productions. The US series starred David Sutcliffe as Adam Williams and Jean Louisa Kelly as Shelley Sullivan (the Rachel role).", "Pilot (Cold Feet) Cold Feet is a British television pilot directed by Declan Lowney. It stars James Nesbitt and Helen Baxendale as Adam and Rachel, a couple who meet and fall in love, only for the relationship to break down when he gets cold feet. John Thomson, Fay Ripley, Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst appear in supporting roles. The programme was written by Mike Bullen, a BBC radio producer with little screenwriting experience, who was tasked with creating a one-off television production that would appeal to middle-class television audiences, who the executive producer Andy Harries believed were underepresented on British television. After filming was completed in 1996 the commissioning network ITV shelved it for a year. It was eventually scheduled for broadcast on the evening of 30 March 1997, as part of the network's Comedy Premieres strand, but overrunning sports coverage delayed it for an hour. Ratings were low and critical reviews were minimal, but positive; critics enjoyed the comedy drama format and praised the writing and performances of the leads. Harries entered \"Cold Feet\" in the Montreux Television Festival, where it was awarded the Rose d'Or, the festival's top prize, resulting in ITV quickly scheduling a repeat broadcast. At the end of the year it won the award for Best Comedy Drama (ITV) at the British Comedy Awards and the incoming director of channels ordered a full series, which ran for five successful years from 1998 to 2003 followed by a revived series from 2016. Adam Williams (James Nesbitt) breaks up with another in a long line of girlfriends and spends the evening at the pub with his friend Pete Gifford (John Thomson). Pete arrives home late, which annoys his wife Jenny (Fay Ripley), who calculated that night to be the best time for them to conceive a child.", "Series 4, Episode 8 (Cold Feet) Series 4, Episode 8 is the final episode of the fourth series of the British comedy-drama television series \"Cold Feet\". It was written by Mike Bullen, directed by Ciaran Donnelly, and was first broadcast on the ITV network on 10 December 2001. The plot follows on directly from the previous episode, as Adam and Rachel (James Nesbitt and Helen Baxendale), and Karen and David (Hermione Norris and Robert Bathurst) travel to Sydney, Australia for Pete and Jo's (John Thomson and Kimberley Joseph) impromptu wedding. Adam is sceptical that Pete is truly in love with Jo, and Jo's rich father Rod (Gary Sweet) suspects that Pete is only marrying her to get access to his money. Under pressure from Rod, Pete gets cold feet and he and Jo call off the wedding. The couple soon reconcile and marry with Rod's blessing. Meanwhile, David discovers that Karen has been having an affair with her colleague Mark (Sean Pertwee) and ends their marriage, and Rachel gives birth prematurely in a Sydney hospital. The episode was conceived by Mike Bullen and \"Cold Feet\"s executive producer Andy Harries in 2000. Both attended a television conference in Sydney and decided to contrive the main plot of the fourth series so the characters would end up in Australia. Helen Baxendale was pregnant and could not fly to Australia, so all scenes featuring Rachel were filmed in Manchester and Salford, England. After location scouting and casting around the Sydney area in May and July, production in Australia ran for 18 days in October 2001. Locations used included a heritage home in Vaucluse for the wedding scenes, Palm Beach for a beach barbecue scene, and outside the Opera House."], "answer": {"text": "Blair leaves for Tuscany without him, as Chuck has decided to seduce Amelia, tossing the roses for Blair in the trash can.", "answer_start": 1174}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his womanizing ways catch up to him?", "answer": {"text": "This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happens during this temporary rift with Blair and Nate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other very important aspects that takes place in Season 1?", "answer": {"text": "At Bart and Lily's wedding at the end of Season 1, Chuck apologizes and confesses to Nate that he was in love with Blair.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does Blair say that she's in love with him too?", "answer": {"text": "She accepts his apology and the two kiss.", "answer_start": 1042, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happens after Blair and Chuck kiss?", "answer": {"text": "However, as they are about to embark on a trip to Tuscany together, Chuck gets cold feet.", "answer_start": 1084, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a771792fb93a42a3ba655c910d1e3fda_1_q#10", "question": "Does he get a chance to actually seduce her?", "rewrite": "Does Chuck Bass get a chance to actually seduce Amelia?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["New York, I Love You XOXO \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" is the series finale of \"Gossip Girl\". The episode serves as the tenth episode of the sixth season and the show's 121st episode overall. Written by Stephanie Savage, and directed by Mark Piznarski, the series finale originally aired on The CW Television Network (The CW) in the United States on December 17, 2012. \"Gossip Girl\" follows the lives of a group of young adults coming from a wealthy background. In this final episode, the death of Bart Bass rushes Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) to marry Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) and the identity of Gossip Girl is revealed. A five-year flash forward takes place and shows the wedding of Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) to Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively). \"New York, I Love You XOXO\" received favorable reviews from television critics. Upon its initial airing, the finale was viewed in the United States by 1.55 million people and garnered a 0.8/2 Nielsen rating/share in the 18\u201349 demographic, registering as the season's most-watched episode. The series finale picked up where the previous episode left off, where Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) and Bart argue on the roof ending with Bart falling off the building. Chuck and Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) leave the scene and hide from the police as Chuck is considered \"a person of interest\" in the case. Jack Bass (Desmond Harrington), Chuck's uncle, comes to help him and suggests the two get married since spousal privilege prevents a wife from unwillingly testifying against her husband. Chuck thus proposes to Blair who tearfully accepts.", "Chuck and Eric van der Woodsen, Lily's son and Serena's younger brother, become especially close. When Serena begins receiving mysterious packages (pornography in the mail, alcohol delivered to her at school), she automatically blames Chuck. Given the creepy remarks Chuck has made about \"bathing together\" and \"turning that onepiece into a no-piece.\" Serena is not to blame. Bart subsequently forces Chuck to move out of the family home. Serena discovers that the culprit was actually Georgina Sparks, a past classmate of both Serena and Chuck. It is later revealed that Chuck lost his virginity to Georgina in the sixth grade. Chuck and Blair join together to prevent Georgina from further harming and embarrassing Serena. This process rekindles their bond, and they succeed in getting rid of Georgina. At Bart and Lily's wedding at the end of Season 1, Chuck apologizes and confesses to Nate that he was in love with Blair. During the wedding reception, Chuck gives a speech about forgiveness that is implied to be directed towards Blair. She accepts his apology and the two kiss. However, as they are about to embark on a trip to Tuscany together, Chuck gets cold feet. Blair leaves for Tuscany without him, as Chuck has decided to seduce Amelia, tossing the roses for Blair in the trash can.", "The episode received negative remarks following a controversial scene of Chuck Bass subjecting what many perceived to be domestic violence to Blair Waldorf. The \"Los Angeles Times\"' Judy Berman praised the direction of the episode, \"\"Gossip Girl\" is finally fun to watch again. The writers pulled out all the stops this week: Glass shatters! Blood spills! Engagement rings gleam! Friends and near-strangers double-cross each other! A disastrously drunk Chuck Bass revives his catchphrase, \"I'm Chuck Bass\"! Even Nate earns his screen time. \" Steve Marsi of \"TV Fanatic\" however, had mixed reviews regarding the episode, stating the overall narrative \"felt sorely lacking.\" and that the plot lines \"became really twisted and confusing and the relationships too tangential. \" Serena's actions throughout the episode were called out, followed by Chuck's slow downward spiral that culminated in forcing himself on Blair. Marsi continued his review on Chuck, stating that his behavior \"leaves little room for redemption\". The sudden absence of Dan and Blair's relationship was panned by Marsi, who disapproved of the lack of interaction between the two characters. \" New York Magazine\" hailed the return of Nate and Chuck's \"bromance\", praised the change of direction for the character of Charlie, and Blair dating prince but generally panned the episode for its shortcomings and the closing scene. Chris Rovar and Jessica Pressler hoped that the show \"could make it up in the coming weeks.\" Charlie Rhodes became the subject of praise with her successful integration into the Upper East side. Marsi praised her choosing to confront Vanessa alone, calling her \"a natural\" at schemes and that \"even an outsider can thoroughly outshine an outcast.\"", "Touch of Eva \"Touch of Eva\" is the 69th episode of the CW television series, \"Gossip Girl\", as well as the fourth episode of the show's fourth season. The episode was written by Leila Gerstein and directed by Andrew McCarthy. It aired on Monday, October 4, 2010 on the CW. \"Touch of Eva\" deals with the transformation of Chuck Bass (Ed Westwick) since the arrival of his new love, Eva Coupeau (Cl\u00e9mence Po\u00e9sy), to New York. The episode also delves into the resurging feelings that Blair Waldorf (Leighton Meester) may or may not have for Chuck, Dan Humphrey (Penn Badgley) facing the aftermath of losing his son that slowly drives him into the arms of Serena van der Woodsen (Blake Lively), and the growing relationship between Nate Archibald (Chace Crawford) and the mysterious Juliet Sharp (Katie Cassidy). The episode is currently the second highest-rated episode of the fourth season. The episode opens with Blair receiving news of Chuck Bass donating to charities with Eva at his side. \" Gossip Girl\" further irks Blair when she shows an image of Chuck giving Eva an expensive jeweled Cartier Baignoire watch after a charity event. With Serena still wondering who to choose between Nate and Dan and Blair's growing jealousy against Eva, both girls agree not to meddle in their respective affairs. Dan wakes up to find Vanessa staging an intervention to persuade to express his hurt over losing his son, Milo. Choosing to avoid expressing his hurt feelings, Dan proceeds to Blair's apartment to find Serena and hangout. At the Empire Hotel, Chuck and Eva announce a donation of $5,000,000 to a charity but has not made up his mind as to which charity it will go.", "Meester also expressed fondness for Dan and Blair, however, stating, \"I think they're good for each other in a lot of ways, in a way that Chuck and Blair aren't.\" Badgley claimed that he thought \"Blair [was] Dan's soul mate\" and further stated that he thought the Blair and Dan storyline was \"the most exciting for Dan as a person\". When \"Hollywoodlife.com\" asked Ed Westwick, who played Chuck Bass, which character he thought loved Blair more, Chuck or Dan, Westwick pointed to Badgley, saying \"definitely him.\" Producers initially noticed chemistry between Blair and Dan in the episode \"Bad News Blair\". According to producer Joshua Safran, the creators planned to revisit their relationship once the timing was right. Safran also stated that the outcome wasn't necessarily decided ahead of time. \"One thing we are very conscious of\u2014and I know some fans get upset about this\u2014is we really try to treat the characters as living, breathing, well-rounded individuals. And we're often surprised by where their journeys take them; they open new doors for us all the time,\" he said. Following the of Safran spoke on behalf of the series regarding the scene in which Chuck became violent with Blair. In response to these comments, Carina MacKenzie of Zap2it stated, \"We're left wondering if Safran missed the part where she went home bleeding because Chuck was using physical intimidation to release his own emotions. \" While reviewing the episode, Tierney Bricker of Zap2it felt that there were \"really no excuses for Chuck Bass anymore.\" MacKenzie concluded that Chuck's behavior throughout fit the signs of an abusive relationship, citing examples from \"HelpGuide.org\", a non-profit health resource."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How does Season 1 start off?", "answer": {"text": "In the pilot episode, Chuck attempts to rape both Serena and Jenny Humphrey.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who are Serena and Jenny Humphrey?", "answer": {"text": "his step-sister at the time, Serena.", "answer_start": 887, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he succeed after attempting to rape them?", "answer": {"text": "he attenuates his behaviors as a sexual predator and becomes more of a manipulating womanizer,", "answer_start": 717, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he try to rape anyone else?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did his womanizing ways catch up to him?", "answer": {"text": "This leads Chuck to have a temporary rift with both Blair and Nate.", "answer_start": 1519, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happens during this temporary rift with Blair and Nate?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are some other very important aspects that takes place in Season 1?", "answer": {"text": "At Bart and Lily's wedding at the end of Season 1, Chuck apologizes and confesses to Nate that he was in love with Blair.", "answer_start": 805, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does Blair say that she's in love with him too?", "answer": {"text": "She accepts his apology and the two kiss.", "answer_start": 1042, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happens after Blair and Chuck kiss?", "answer": {"text": "However, as they are about to embark on a trip to Tuscany together, Chuck gets cold feet.", "answer_start": 1084, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What does Chuck do when he gets cold feet?", "answer": {"text": "Blair leaves for Tuscany without him, as Chuck has decided to seduce Amelia, tossing the roses for Blair in the trash can.", "answer_start": 1174, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_09e1bc4935cd4231a82aa3d0bfd555a2_0_q#0", "question": "How did one get into a special screening of The Birth of a Nation?", "rewrite": "How did one get into a special screening of The Birth of a Nation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kepler worked under Tycho Brahe in 1600 before becoming Imperial Mathematician. Kepler's mother, Katharina Kepler, would be arrested on charges of being a witch. Kepler fought for five years to free her. After her death, Kepler wrote extensive notes to explain his narrative. The book was published posthumously in 1634 by his son, Ludwig Kepler. Kepler uses a daemon to describe the island of Levania in many scientific ways. The fixed stars are in the same position as the Earth's fixed stars. The planets appear larger from Levania than from Earth due to the distance Levania is from Earth. Levania also sees planetary motions in a different way. For instance, Levania does not seem to move while the Earth is seen to move just as Earth does not seem to move when on Earth but the Moon is seen to move. This is an example of Kepler defending Copernicus' diurnal rotation. The inhabitants at the divisor see the planets different from the rest of the Moon. Mercury and Venus specifically seem bigger to them. A day is around 14 Earth days sometimes less. Night on Privolva is 15 or 16 Earth days. During the nights, Privolva experiences intense cold and strong winds. During the day, Privolva experiences extreme heat with no wind. During the night, water is pumped to Subvolva. During the Privolvan day, some of the water is pumped back to Privolva to protect its inhabitants from the intense heat. The inhabitants are described as giants that hide under water to escape from the heat of the day. A day and night is around 30 Earth days. A day on Subvolva represents the Phases of the Moon on Earth. Subvolva sees the Earth as its moon. The Earth goes through phases just as our Moon does during their night. Kepler notes that Subvolva is inhabited by serpent-like creatures.", "Suzie Davies served as the production designer, Andrij Parekh as the director of photography, and Bina Daigeler as the costume designer. Filming ended on November 29, 2015. \"The Zookeeper's Wife\" had its world premiere on March 8, 2017 in Warsaw, Poland, and its US premiere at the Cinequest Film Festival on March 12, 2017. The film was released in the United States on March 31, 2017 and was released in the United Kingdom on April 21, 2017. It premiered in Spain at the Barcelona-Sant Jordi International Film Festival on April 22, 2017. It also premiered in France at the 43rd Deauville Film Festival on September 7, 2017. A special screening was held at the US Holocaust Museum in Washington DC on March 22, 2017, with a panel discussion including speakers Diane Ackerman, Jessica Chastain, Niki Caro and Angela Workman. Prior to the film's release, Focus Features partnered with the International Rescue Committee to screen the film in cities across the country, including a special screening at the Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles, California, and a special screening in New York City, with a panel of speakers which included Chastain, Caro and Workman. The New York screening occurred on behalf of the Anne Frank Center for Mutual Respect, and was hosted by activist Steven Goldstein. The film speakers were joined by Sarah O'Hagan of the International Rescue Committee. The evening's topic of discussion was the rescue of Jewish refugees during the Holocaust, and the current refugee crisis in Europe. The film began running on HBO on December 23, 2017. \"The Zookeeper's Wife\" grossed $17.6 million in the United States and Canada and $8.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $26.1 million, against a production budget of $20 million.", "Taapsee often broke down on the shooting sets as she felt her character was very strong and challenging. She suffered from viral infection during the court scenes and wanted to dub later, however Shoojit felt that her illness would add more authenticity to the scenes. Despite the hardships Taapsee enjoyed filming the scenes. The original climax of Rajvir and his friends winning the case was modified so as not to hurt the sentiments of the audience. A special screening of the film was held for Amitabh Bachchan's co stars and the leading ladies of Bollywood. However Amitabh Bachchan could not attend the screening due to health issues. Taapsee also arranged a special screening of the film for the Telugu film industry at Hyderabad. Bishan Singh Bedi, father of Angad Bedi, arranged a special screening of the film in Delhi which was attended by cricketers like Kapil Dev, Virender Sehwag and Yuvraj Singh. Shoojit Sircar and Amitabh Bachchan questioned their fans on Twitter as to what they think the film title \"Pink\" is all about. Times of India had opened a contest in which 5 lucky winners got a chance to meet Amitabh Bachchan and other 10 winners got free movie tickets of the movie -Pink. The winners were announced on 15-September-2016. The world television premier was held on 23 \u2013 October 2016 on Star Gold and to commemorate the same, Amitabh Bachchan's house Jalsa, Carter Road Promenade and SNDT Women's University were illuminated in pink colour. The title of the film has no relationship as being the favourite colour of girls but rather conveys that women should have the freedom to speak and walk freely at night. Pink was released to widespread critical acclaim.", "As \u201cDoo Bidoo\u201d the song progresses, both Ogie and Pol find themselves duetting on the song's chorus before a surprise guest, Apo's Jim Paredes, shows up as a piano player before later joining Ogie and hamming it up with the singer on the final chorus. On August 23, 2012 the film had a special screening held at the Gateway Mall wherein the gross will be donated to the victims of a recent calamity in the Philippines through Shining Light Foundation. The screening was mostly attended by entertainment press and celebrities. The film got mostly positive reviews, and referred as \"highly recommended\" film. On August 28, 2012 the film will have a special screening at the SM Megamall organized by batchmates of actress, Domingo. The said screening will be a fund-raising event fot Stella Maris College. Since the film was only shown in theaters for two weeks, the film had a special screening at the \"CineAdarna\" in the University of the Philippines from October 5 to October 9, 2012. It was attended by the director, an UP Alumni Chriz Martinez, and casts including Sam Concepcion and Tippy Dos Santos. After its various screenings particularly in the USA, the film is set to be shown in Japan as an official entry in the 'Competition Section' of Osaka Asian Film Festival or OAFF. On January 14, Teruoka Suzo, programming director for the said festival personally sent an inquiry to director Martinez, and on January 25, it finally made it to the official entries. The film festival runs through March 8 to 17 of 2013. On March 14, it premieres at the Umeda Berg 7 Theater in Osaka with English and Japanese subtitles. According to Martinez who is present at the screening, \"...the audience laughed and applauded in the same parts where Pinoys did!...", "Levania is divided into two hemispheres called Privolva and Subvolva. The two hemispheres are divided by the divisor. Privolva never sees Earth (Volva), Subvolva sees Volva as their moon. Volva goes throughout the same phases as the actual Moon. The daemon continues the descriptions of Subvolva and Privolva. Some of these details are scientific in nature such as: how eclipses would look from the Moon, the size of the planets varying in size due to the Moon's distance from the Earth, an idea about the size of the Moon and more. Some details of Levania are science fiction such as: descriptions of the creatures that inhabit Subvolva and Privolva, plant growth on each side, and the life and death cycle of Levania. The dream is cut short in the middle of the description of the creatures of Privolva. Kepler wakes up from the dream because of a storm outside. He then realizes that his head is covered and he is wrapped in blankets just like the characters in his story. \"Somnium\" began as a student dissertation in which Kepler defended the Copernican doctrine of the motion of the Earth, suggesting that an observer on the Moon would find the planet's movements as clearly visible as the Moon's activity is to the Earth's inhabitants. Nearly 20 years later, Kepler added the dream framework, and after another decade, he drafted a series of explanatory notes reflecting upon his turbulent career and the stages of his intellectual development. The book was edited by Ludwig Kepler and Jacob Bartsch, after Kepler's death in 1630. There are many similarities to Kepler's real life in \"Somnium\". Duracotus spends a considerable amount of time working for Tycho Brahe."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_09e1bc4935cd4231a82aa3d0bfd555a2_0_q#1", "question": "Was type of restorations occurred?", "rewrite": "Was type of restorations occurred to The Birth of a Nation?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Soviets claimed that they knew it was a civilian aircraft, however, they said it would be very easy to convert a civilian aircraft into an intelligence gathering platform. The Soviets claimed they believed they had a justification to shoot down this aircraft because they perceived it to be a hostile intruder. There was one American on board, Larry McDonald who was a United States House of Representative member. Oleg Gordievsky believes that the Soviet Union mistook the civilian airliner to be a United States Boeing RC-135, which is a reconnaissance gathering aircraft which looks very similar to a Boeing 747 due to the fact that it has four engines and a wide body similar to the airliner. This is refuted by the pilots of the attacking Soviet aircraft claiming that he knew it was a civilian jet, but he shot it down anyway because it could have been easily converted for reconnaissance. The attitude of the Soviets towards anything that might be perceived as a threat was devolving more and more towards a 'shoot first, ask questions later' mentality. While it may have been uncalled for, Soviets were on edge about everything at this point. This would prove to be incredibly dangerous in the impending strategic nuclear war exercises about to be conducted by the United States and its NATO allies. Able Archer 83 took place between November 2\u201311, 1983. This was a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (N.A.T.O.) strategic arms exercise conducted by the United States government in order to simulate an escalating nuclear conflict. Staffs walked through the procedural drill which included asking permission from N.A.T.O political authorities to fire nuclear weapons. The codes were changed for Able Archer as there were new message formats and periods of radio silence. Able Archer 83 occurred just two months after the shootdown incident of Korean Air Lines Flight 007.", "Tailors' Tower The Tailors' Tower (, }} of Sighi\u015foara, belonging to Mure\u0219 County in Romania was built in the 14th century. It is located opposite to the Clock Tower and it guards the second gateway into the Citadel of Sighi\u015foara. This tower is considered one of the most beautiful and impressive towers of the fortress due to its massiveness and simplicity. The two passages at the bottom suggest an early dating, probably in the late 12th or 14th century. The two gates were in ancient railings that slides vertically. When the fire started in 1676, inside the tower there were large quantities of grain, projectiles, breastplates, halberds, two long guns and a big amount of gunpowder. The explosion of gunpowder provoked the destruction of the upper side of the tower and of the North-west corridor. The current appearance is due to the restorations occurred after the fire. Immediately after restorations the North-west corridor was turned into a warehouse, at least until 1935; after that the vault was restored and brought back to its original shape and reopened to public.", "Dente's effort to reintegrate the sculpture with the ruins of Ancient Rome is a commentary on the restoration of Rome that was likely dictated by Raphael himself. Dente's engraving of the Laocoon was completed before the restorations occurred on the excavated sculpture in 1530. It is the discrepancy in Dente's depiction of a complete sculpture, and the fact restorations occurred on the sculpture after Dente's death, that links Raphael, whose long-standing involvement with the Laocoon is known, to co-operating with regard to ideas for this specific plate. The engraving attempts to combine the narrative and visual aspects of the Laocoon. Dente was also a member of Raphael's social circle. Raphael's involvement with the conceptual production of the plate is further corroborated by the fact that Il Baviera, Raphael's publisher, retained Marco Dente's plate for the Laocoon - evidence that Dente's print, or the design for it, belonged to Raphael. The piece was not like other works executed by Raimondi's School, which were usually copies of other artists' preliminary drawings for paintings or frescoes. This piece was intentionally created to be distributed through the medium of print. The engraving attempts to illustrate a glimpse of the history of the subject, but also convey Raphael's commentary on the restorations of antiquity. In Dente's print of the Laocoon and his Sons, he uses the 'R S' monogram to record a different version of the fate of the Trojan priest. Raphael wanted to see Rome restored to its former glory. The piece seeks to 'harmonize the Plinian sculpture with the Virgilian narrative'. Evidenced by the inscription of an excerpt from Book II of the Aeneid, and the inscription of text from Pliny's Natural History.", "Lausanne Cathedral The Cathedral of Notre Dame of Lausanne is a church located in the city of Lausanne, in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It belongs to the Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Vaud. Construction of the Cathedral began as early as 1170 by an original unknown master mason. Twenty years later another master mason restarted construction until 1215. Finally a third engineer, Jean Cotereel, completed the majority of the existing cathedral including a porch, and two towers, one of which is the current day belfry. The other tower was never completed. The cathedral was consecrated and dedicated to Our Lady in 1275 by Pope Gregory X, Rudolph of Habsburg, and the bishop of Lausanne at the time, Guillaume of Champvent. The medieval architect Villard de Honnecourt drew the rose window of the south transept in his sketchbook in 1270. The Protestant Reformation, in particular the variant which came from nearby Geneva, significantly affected the Cathedral. In 1536 a new liturgical area was added to the nave and the colourful decorations inside the Cathedral were covered over. Other major restorations occurred later in the 18th and 19th century which were directed by the great French architect, Eug\u00e8ne-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc. During the 20th century major restorations occurred to restore the painted interior decorations as well as to restore a painted portal on the South side of the Cathedral. New organs were installed in 2003. The great pipe organ of the Cathedral of Notre Dame of Lausanne was inaugurated in December 2003. It is a unique instrument in the world. It took ten years to design it and it is composed of 7000 pipes, two consoles, five manuals, and one pedalboard. It is the first organ in the world to be designed by a designer. It is the first organ to contain all four of the principal organ styles (classical, French symphony, baroque, German romantique).", "Fredrik Church The Fredrik Church () is located in Karlskrona, Blekinge L\u00e4n, southern Sweden. Situated on Stortorget, the main square in the city centre, The Fredrik Church is included within the Karlskrona UNESCO World Heritage Site. Construction on the Fredrik Church began September 9, 1720 as a replacement for the city's temporary wooden church, Hedvig Eleonora Church. The Fredrik Church's first stone was laid by the then Governor Salomon von Otter , the foundation wall was completed on August 25, 1721, and the church was consecrated in 1744. Though Crown Prince Adolf Frederick was present for the event, the building was named in honor of Frederick I. The spires atop the church towers were completed in 1758. There were several restorations. The one in 1805-06 was led by architect Olof Tempelman. Interior restorations occurred in 1913-15 under Axel Lindegren, and there was another in 1967-68. An exterior restoration occurred in 1997-98. The Fredrik Church was built in the baroque style after a design by Nicodemus Tessin the Younger. Its towers are a notable feature. The carillon is housed in the south tower, and there are 35 bells, which were installed in 1967 by the Bergenholtz bell foundry in Sigtuna. The clock chimes three times a day. The 1854 pulpit is in a neoclassical style by the design of architect Johan Adolf Hawerman; it predates the altar. The carved wood baptismal font was donated by the ship builder Gilbert Sheldon. The church silver is preserved in a massive safe. The church's first organ came from Hedvig Eleonora Church. When a decision was made to purchase a larger and more suitable organ, Lars Wahlberg received the contract to build an organ with 29 stops, 2 manuals and a pedal."], "answer": {"text": "In the UK, Photoplay Productions restored the Museum of Modern Art's 35mm print that was the source of Shepard's 16 mm print,", "answer_start": 780}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did one get into a special screening of The Birth of a Nation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09e1bc4935cd4231a82aa3d0bfd555a2_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about The Birth of a Nation  other than its restoration?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Rage of the Gladiator  Rage of the Gladiator is a WiiWare, 3DS, iOS, and Android game. It is the second WiiWare game to use the Wii MotionPlus. The gameplay is similar to the gameplay of Punch-Out. In 2017, it has been reported that the Android version was removed from the Google Play Store for unknown reasons. The game begins in the arena, but the story is told in cut scenes after boss battles. The Gracius (the player)is the twin son of the King of Avalance, Marius making him a prince. Avalance is a Greco-Roman style City State, teeming with mythical creatures. The King took Gracius's mother, Maia, as a bride by defeating the nearby city of Angalore. Gracius was born minutes before his twin brother, Luthor. Maia died in child birth, but prayed to the gods for her sons to be blessed with great strength and valor. A week prior to the start of the game Gracius and Luthor were made aware of their father's death. King Marius had been killed in his sleep, and witnesses claimed Gracius was the murderer. Gracius's own soldiers handcuffed him and took him away. Luthor told them to stop, but was restrained and ignored. It is eventually revealed that Luthor had framed Marius to take the throne for himself, and Marius bitterly accepts his own naive nature at not seeing the truth. Rage of the Gladiator is a fantasy-based first-person perspective fighting game. You play the role of Gracius, battling for his life in the arena. According to an interview with Joystiq, Ghostfire Games CEO Ed Roman states \"The game consists entirely of boss fights. After all, boss fights are the most interesting aspects of most video games.", "A public website www.whyarmenia.am was created to tell more about Armenia as Information Technology outsourcing hub. The page is dedicated to present how such a little country has introduced to the world so many groundbreaking innovations for over 6000 years. Yet, more often than not, the world has had no clue that Armenians were behind such radical breakthroughs. Disruptive technologies like the MRI, the ATM, the color TV, the automatic transmission, and much more have been invented by Armenians. Armenia has just launched what it aims to be the world's leading high-school level robotics curriculum. While it is still only in pilot phase in 60 schools, by 2020 it will be in every school in the country and over 50,000 budding engineers will be trained robotics developers. Why Armenia page introduces many interesting aspects of the country and the nation that are known for their creativity and innovative minds. It also introduces to Armenian based leading Software Development global outsourcing Companies like Priotix software development, SFL, Workfront etc. Gross domestic expenditure on research and development is low in Armenia, averaging 0.25% of GDP over 2010\u20132013, with little annual variation observed in recent years. This is only around one-third of the ratios observed in Belarus and Ukraine. However, the statistical record of research expenditure is incomplete in Armenia, as expenditure in the privately owned business enterprises is not surveyed. With this proviso, one can affirm that the share of research funding from the state budget has increased since the 2008\u20132009 global financial crisis and accounted for around two-thirds (66.3%) of domestic spending on research in 2013. The number of researchers (in head counts) in the public sector has dropped by 27% since 2008, to 3,870 (2013), a casualty of the global financial crisis of 2008\u20132009.", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Arkangel (Black Mirror) \"Arkangel\" is the second episode of the fourth series of anthology series \"Black Mirror\". It was written by Charlie Brooker and directed by Jodie Foster. The episode first aired on Netflix, along with the rest of series four, on 29 December 2017. In the episode, \"Arkangel\" is the name of an implanted chip technology that allows a parent to track and monitor their children, as well as pixelate images that would cause them distress. Single mother Marie (played by Rosemarie DeWitt) has her young daughter Sara implanted with Arkangel, which while initially effective, becomes a dangerous hindrance, and Marie allows Sara to grow up without the use of Arkangel. As Sara matures into a teenager (played by Brenna Harding), Marie becomes tempted to use Arkangel again. The episode was the first of \"Black Mirror\" to be directed by a woman, and the first to have a strong emphasis on family. \u201cArkangel\u201d was met with mixed reception and was compared to an indie movie. Some critics praised the episode's concept, but thought the theme of helicopter parenting was emphasised at the expense of other, potentially more interesting aspects. Protective single mother Marie Sambrell (Rosemarie DeWitt) gives birth to her daughter Sara. Three years later, Sara goes missing one day at a playground, chasing after a cat. Marie becomes hysterical and calls out for Sara, but she is recovered shortly without incident. Fearing future crises, Marie signs up to participate in a limited-release free trial of Arkangel, a revolutionary tech-integrated child monitoring system. An Arkangel representative administers Sara a neural implant, which enables Marie to monitor her geolocation and medical state in real time via an included tablet computer."], "answer": {"text": "In 2015, the year of the film's centenary, Photoplay Productions' Patrick Stanbury, in conjunction with the British Film Institute, carried out the first full restoration.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did one get into a special screening of The Birth of a Nation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was type of restorations occurred?", "answer": {"text": "In the UK, Photoplay Productions restored the Museum of Modern Art's 35mm print that was the source of Shepard's 16 mm print,", "answer_start": 780, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09e1bc4935cd4231a82aa3d0bfd555a2_0_q#3", "question": "What was the public's reaction?", "rewrite": "What was the public's reaction to The Birth of a Nation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aja Naomi King, Armie Hammer and Gabrielle Union were also cast in key roles. \"Birth of a Nation\" attracted increased scrutiny due to rumored Oscar nominations, and because the film itself depicts a brutal rape, the 1999 rape allegations against Parker received significant press coverage. Fox Searchlight Pictures, the studio releasing the film, went into damage control mode. Gabrielle Union, a rape victim and one of the main stars of \"The Birth of a Nation\", wrote in the \"Los Angeles Times\", \"As important and ground-breaking as this film is, I cannot take these allegations lightly.\" Parker chose to deflect questions about his past legal problems while doing press for \"The Birth of a Nation\" at the Toronto Film Festival. Shortly thereafter, Parker and his handlers chose to cut press interviews short when questions came up about his involvement with the alleged rape and its impact on the marketing of the film. The sister of Parker's alleged victim said the invention of a rape scene and Parker playing the avenging hero caused her and her family immense pain. To try to defuse the public backlash, Bron Studios hired The Glover Park Group and Don McPherson to give Parker media training and public relations advice. In an October 2016 \"60 Minutes\" interview, Parker maintained that he was innocent of the crime and that he did not feel guilty about it, but conceded that, from the perspective of a 36-year-old man, he had done something morally wrong. In August 2016, Parker was honored with the Sundance Institute's Vanguard Award. In evaluating the impact of the public's reaction to Parker's alleged 1999 rape of a fellow Penn State student, a film producer told \"The Hollywood Reporter\", about Parker's directing career, \"His inability to act like he cared that people invested a whole lot of money in him \u2014 sorry.", "Information about the mechanism of a reaction is often provided by the use of chemical kinetics to determine the rate equation and the reaction order in each reactant. Consider the following reaction for example: In this case, experiments have determined that this reaction takes place according to the rate law formula_1. This form suggests that the rate-determining step is a reaction between two molecules of NO. A possible mechanism for the overall reaction that explains the rate law is: Each step is called an elementary step, and each has its own rate law and molecularity. The elementary steps should add up to the original reaction. (Meaning, if we were to cancel out all the molecules that appear on both sides of the reaction, we would be left with the original reaction.) When determining the overall rate law for a reaction, the slowest step is the step that determines the reaction rate. Because the first step (in the above reaction) is the slowest step, it is the rate-determining step. Because it involves the collision of two NO molecules, it is a bimolecular reaction with a rate law of formula_1. Other reactions may have mechanisms of several consecutive steps. In organic chemistry, the reaction mechanism for the benzoin condensation, put forward in 1903 by A. J. Lapworth, was one of the first proposed reaction mechanisms. A chain reaction is an example of a complex mechanism, in which the propagation steps form a closed cycle. Many experiments that suggest the possible sequence of steps in a reaction mechanism have been designed, including:   A correct reaction mechanism is an important part of accurate predictive modeling. For many combustion and plasma systems, detailed mechanisms are not available or require development.", "However, because of the difference in charge buildup in the rate determining steps it was proposed that polar effects would only influence the reaction rate of the base catalyzed reaction since a new charge was formed. He defined the polar substituent constant \u03c3 * as:  where log(k/k) is the ratio of the rate of the base catalyzed reaction compared to the reference reaction, log(k/k) is ratio of a rate of the acid catalyzed reaction compared to the reference reaction, and \u03c1 * is a reaction constant that describes the sensitivity of the reaction series. For the definition reaction series, \u03c1* was set to 1 and R = methyl was defined as the reference reaction ( \u03c3 * = zero). The factor of 1/2.48 is included to make \u03c3* similar in magnitude to the Hammett \u03c3 values. Although the acid catalyzed and base catalyzed hydrolysis of esters gives transition states for the rate determining steps that have differing charge densities, their structures differ only by two hydrogen atoms. Taft thus assumed that steric effects would influence both reaction mechanisms equally. Due to this, the steric substituent constant E was determined from solely the acid catalyzed reaction, as this would not include polar effects. E was defined as: where \"k\" is the rate of the studied reaction and < chem>\\mathit k_{CH3}</chem> is the rate of the reference reaction (R = methyl). \u03b4 is a reaction constant that describes the susceptibility of a reaction series to steric effects. For the definition reaction series \u03b4 was set to 1 and \"E\" for the reference reaction was set to zero. This equation is combined with the equation for \u03c3 * to give the full Taft equation.", "Stepwise reaction A stepwise reaction is a chemical reaction with one or more reaction intermediates and involving at least two consecutive elementary reactions. In a stepwise reaction, not all bonds are broken and formed at the same time. Hence, intermediates appear in the reaction pathway going from the reactants to the products. A stepwise reaction distinguishes itself from an elementary reaction in which the transformation is assumed to occur in a single step and to pass through a single transition state. Many other terminologies are used for stepwise reactions: overall reaction, global reaction, apparent reaction, operational reaction, complex reaction, composite reaction, multiple step reaction, multistep reaction, etc. In contrast to elementary reactions which follow the law of mass action, the rate law of stepwise reactions is obtained by combining the rate laws of the multiple elementary steps, and can become rather complex. Moreover, when speaking about catalytic reactions, the diffusion may also limit the reaction. In general, however, there is one very slow step, which is the rate-determining step, i.e. the reaction doesn't proceed any faster than the rate-determining step proceeds. Organic reactions, especially when involving catalysis, are often stepwise. For example, a typical enol reaction consists of at least these elementary steps: R is an electron acceptor, for example, the carbon of a carbonyl (C=O). A very strong base, usually an alkoxide, is needed for the first step. Reaction intermediates may be trapped in a \"trapping reaction\". This proves the stepwise nature of the reaction and the structure of the intermediate. For example, superacids were used to prove the existence of carbocations.", "Bosch reaction The Bosch reaction is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen that produces elemental carbon (graphite), water, and a 10% return of invested heat. It is named after the German chemist Carl Bosch. This reaction requires the introduction of iron as a catalyst and requires a temperature level of 530-730 degrees Celsius. The overall reaction is as follows:  CO(g) + 2 H(g) \u2192 C(s) + 2 HO(g) The above reaction is actually the result of two reactions. The first reaction, the reverse water gas shift reaction, is a fast one:  CO + H \u2192 CO + HO The second reaction is the rate determining step:  CO + H \u2192 C + HO The overall reaction produces 2.3\u00d710 joules for every gram of carbon dioxide reacted at 650 \u00b0C. Reaction temperatures are in the range of 450 to 600 \u00b0C. The reaction can be accelerated in the presence of an iron, cobalt or nickel catalyst. Ruthenium also serves to speed up the reaction. Together with the Sabatier reaction, the Bosch reaction is studied as a way to remove carbon dioxide and to generate clean water aboard a space station. The reaction is also used to produce graphite for radiocarbon dating with Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. The Bosch reaction is being investigated for use in maintaining space station life support. Though the Bosch reaction would present a completely closed hydrogen and oxygen cycle which only produces atomic carbon as waste, difficulties in maintaining its higher required temperature and properly handling carbon deposits mean that significantly more research will be required before a Bosch reactor can become a reality. One problem is that the production of elemental carbon tends to foul the catalyst's surface, which is detrimental to the reaction's efficiency."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did one get into a special screening of The Birth of a Nation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was type of restorations occurred?", "answer": {"text": "In the UK, Photoplay Productions restored the Museum of Modern Art's 35mm print that was the source of Shepard's 16 mm print,", "answer_start": 780, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, the year of the film's centenary, Photoplay Productions' Patrick Stanbury, in conjunction with the British Film Institute, carried out the first full restoration.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_09e1bc4935cd4231a82aa3d0bfd555a2_0_q#4", "question": "Can you tell me about the home media side of the birth of a nation?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me about the home media side of the birth of a nation?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On 28 December 1994, Abbey Home Entertainment released a single video release with eight episodes from the second series on it. On 3 April 1995, Abbey Home Entertainment released a 3 hour biggest ever video cassette with 37 episodes on it. On 18 March 2002, Universal Pictures (UK) Ltd released a single video cassette with ten episodes from the first series on it. On 22 July 2002, Universal Pictures (UK) Ltd released a seaside-themed bumper video with nine episodes from the second series on it. On 21 April 2003, Universal Pictures (UK) Ltd released two videos with seven episodes on each one. Between 2006 and 2007, three DVD releases of \"Paddington Bear\" were published by Abbey Home Media in the 'Tempo TV Classics' range of children's DVD releases. On 8 October 2007, Abbey Home Media released two of the TV specials on a single DVD release. On 27 October 2008, Abbey Home Media released a suitcase-shaped DVD box set with four single DVD releases in one box-set. On 21 May 2012, Abbey Home Media released four episodes from the first series and eight episodes from the second series which were compiled together as twelve London-themed episodes on a single DVD release. On 18 April 2016, to coincide with the Queen's 90th birthday, Abbey Home Media released a special \"Royal Celebration\"-themed DVD release which contained the three TV specials altogether on one single disc.", "Abbey Home Media Abbey Home Media is a British home media distributor that releases content aimed at children. It was founded on 4 March 2002, as the successor company to Abbey Home Entertainment (AHE), which was acquired by the Just Group in 2000. The company has released content coming from the likes of CBBC, CITV, CBeebies, LittleBe, Pop, Tiny Pop and Milkshake!. Abbey Home Media also are a producer of their own franchises, which includes the likes of \"Bump the Elephant\", \"Fun Song Factory\", \"Wide-Eye\" and \"Baby Bright\". The predecessor company of Abbey Home Media was Abbey Home Entertainment Group Limited (AHE) Abbey Home Entertainment was founded in 1989 by Ian and Anne Miles. AHE would acquire the Tempo Video brand name from WM Collins Video in 1990 and also later introduced other brand names:   A subsidiary called Abbey Broadcast Communications was also founded during this time, which produced original content for AHE on both VHS and Audio Cassette. This division has been dormant since the early 2000s. In 1995, Polygram Filmed Entertainment acquired a 75% majority stake in the company. In July 1998, the company was in talks to sell the stake back to Ian and Anne Miles and letting AHE trade independently again. In exchange, Polygram would acquire the rights to distribute all future Fun Song Factory Videos afterward. In early 2000, Abbey Home Entertainment was acquired by Just Group PLC. Abbey's 'Tempo Pre-school' label was retained for pre-school products, while 'at school' video and audio products were released under the Just Entertainment label. Abbey itself retained its special focus on the 'pre-school' and 'at school' age groups. Just Group PLC was a media company founded in the mid 1990's best-known for producing \"Butt-Ugly Martians\".", "Elie Khouri Elie Khouri (born May 8, 1964) is a Lebanese-French marketing and communications executive in Dubai. He is the CEO of Omnicom Media Group MENA, the media services division of the Omnicom Group. He worked within the advertising industry at Omnicom Group\u2019s agency BBDO after he received his MBA in 1988. In 2002, he went from the creative to the media side of Omnicom Group to launch OMD, a media communications group. It develops marketing campaigns using digital, mobile, and television advertising and, more recently, employing performance marketing. Omnicom has been ranked one of the best places to work in the United Arab Emirates for several years. Khouri sits on boards that support the organisation's corporate social responsibility program. He has received several awards and honors from \"Forbes Middle East\" and \"Arabian Business\", and he is considered an influential marketing executive in the Arab world. Born on May 8, 1964, Khouri lived on the east side of Beirut, where his father worked as a chef. The Lebanese Civil War broke out when he was 11-years-old, but they stayed in Beirut because his family did not have the money to relocate. From a young age, Khouri sold firecrackers, canned food, drinks, and clothing to make pocket money. During the raids, he found that there was a food shortage, he started tuna and beef in his neighborhood which he used to buy clothes and later sold them at a profit. He attended the American University of Beirut (AUB), where he received a BBA in 1986 and a MBA in business and finance in 1988. On his way to classes at AUB, he was often in danger due to snipers in the area and he once escaped a kidnapping attempt.", "Ahead of the United States release, AMC Theatres in New York City and Orlando, Florida aired an eleven-MCU film marathon beginning on April 25, ending in a screening of \"Infinity War\". The El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles had a similar marathon for the film's release. \"Avengers: Infinity War\" was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on July 31, 2018, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on August 14. The digital and Blu-ray releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes, audio commentary, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel. The digital release also features a roundtable discussion between MCU directors the Russos, Jon Favreau, Joss Whedon, James Gunn, Ryan Coogler, Peyton Reed, and Taika Waititi. In terms of home media sales, the physical versions of the film were collectively the top home media release of the week in which they were first released. Despite being shot with IMAX cameras and released in IMAX theaters in the 1.90:1 aspect ratio, the home media release did not include the film in that aspect ratio, instead including a cropped 2.39:1 aspect ratio that was used for non-IMAX screenings. Joe Russo said they \"spent a long time trying to\" have the IMAX version on the home media, but since the IMAX Corporation has \"agency over that format\", the situation was \"complicated\". He did not rule out the possibility that this version could be available at a later point. \"Avengers: Infinity War\" grossed $678.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.370 billion in other territories, for a worldwide total of $2.048 billion.", "Home Media Magazine Home Media Magazine was a trade publication that covered various aspects of the home entertainment industry, most notably home video distribution via VHS, DVD, Blu-ray, and digital copy. The magazine also covered news relating to consumer electronics, video games, home video distributors and various forms of digital distribution of movie and TV content. Staff included Bruce Apar, reporter Enrique Rivero(who previously worked at Los Angeles Daily News),John Gaudiosi among others. The magazine was founded in 1979 and was known as \"Video Store Magazine\" until 2005, when it became \"Home Media Retailing\". To further its consumer focus, the magazine dropped \"Retailing\" at the beginning of 2007. In 2014 the magazine's print edition was reduced to biweekly and in 2015, to monthly; at the same time, the publication increased its web presence through a daily e-newsletter and frequent \"breaking news\" alerts. \" HM\" also published frequent special issues, such as special reports on 4K Ultra HD, Vidity, and UltraViolet; rankings of the top women in home entertainment, key digital drivers, and leading disruptors; and, in 2011, a salute to executives in home entertainment under the age of 40. The magazine was based in Santa Ana, California, and was a subsidiary of the Questex Media Group. In July 2006, \"HM\" launched a consumer magazine called \"Agent DVD\", a semi-regular periodical focusing on home entertainment news. The first issue debuted at the 2006 Comic Con International in San Diego, California, and focused on titles and news that would appeal to convention-goers. The consumer magazine was later rebranded as \"Home Media Insider\" and offered only in digital form. Additionally, \"Home Media Magazine\" presented annual awards covering the best DVD and Blu-ray products. Questex ceased production of \"Home Media Magazine\" after the December 2017 issue."], "answer": {"text": "Shepard's transfer and documentary were reissued in the US by Kino Video in 2002, this time in a 2-DVD set with added extras on the second disc.", "answer_start": 1202}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did one get into a special screening of The Birth of a Nation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was type of restorations occurred?", "answer": {"text": "In the UK, Photoplay Productions restored the Museum of Modern Art's 35mm print that was the source of Shepard's 16 mm print,", "answer_start": 780, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, the year of the film's centenary, Photoplay Productions' Patrick Stanbury, in conjunction with the British Film Institute, carried out the first full restoration.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the public's reaction?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_09e1bc4935cd4231a82aa3d0bfd555a2_0_q#5", "question": "Did they see a sales increase with the change over?", "rewrite": "Did The Birth of a Nation see a sales increase with the change over to DVD?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He also set up future Bavaria catering portfolio via purchase of a caf\u00e9 in Helmond in 1889. After 1907 he started with product range expansion to meet new consumer preferences. Due to sales increase as well as political situation Johannes started to search the world for new brewing methods and the ingredients of the highest quality. Purchases of ship loads of malt ensured the supply of raw materials and helped the brewery survive through World War I, when many small local Dutch breweries were forced to shut down. Another reason why he managed so well during World War I is fact that he temporarily used the malt plant as vegetable drying unit After the First World War distribution was further expanded to other towns and villages in North Brabant. By 1923 output had increased to 3,325 hectolitres of beer per year and the original brewery buildings had become too small. Thus, in 1924 Johannes built a new brewhouse where the new bottom fermented beer was brewed. At that time rarely used \"Brewing\" enabled him to produce lighter \"Pilsener type\" beer with distinctive fresh taste. Hereby he found the worldwide expansion of the brewery and established worldwide known brand \u2013 Bavaria Brewery (Netherlands). Johannes has turned the business over to his sons Jan, Frans and Piet in 1925 but until his death in 1950 he still oversaw the operation of the family business. In 1884 Johannes married Cornelia Anna Verstappen. Cornelia was a farmer's daughter and helped her husband with all administrative and financial matters. She was a brisk woman and it is believed that she had a quite influence on her husband and definitely at least partly on her instigation Johannes expanded the brewery services. Cornelia had an influence on Johannes and definitely at least partly on her instigation Johannes expanded brewery's service are to the industrial town of Helmond which resulted in big sales increase.", "Operating leverage Operating leverage is a measure of how revenue growth translates into growth in operating income. It is a measure of leverage, and of how risky, or volatile, a company's operating income is. There are various measures of operating leverage, which can be interpreted analogously to financial leverage. One analogy is \"fixed costs + variable costs = total costs ..similar to.. debt + equity = assets\". This analogy is partly motivated because (for a given amount of debt) debt servicing is a fixed cost. This leads to two measures of operating leverage: One measure is fixed costs to total costs: Compare to debt to value, which is  Another measure is fixed costs to variable costs: Compare to debt to equity ratio: Both of these measures depend on sales: if the unit variable cost is constant, then as sales increase, operating leverage (as measured by fixed costs to total costs or variable costs) increases. [Contribution margin] is a measure of operating leverage: the higher the contribution margin is (the lower variable costs are as a percentage of total costs), the faster the profits increase with sales. Note that unlike other measures of operating leverage, in the linear Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis Model, contribution margin is a fixed quantity, and does not change with Sales. Contribution = Sales - Variable Cost Operating leverage can also be measured in terms of change in operating income for a given change in sales (revenue). The Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) can be computed in a number of equivalent ways; one way it is defined as the ratio of the percentage change in Operating Income for a given percentage change in Sales : This can also be computed as Total Contribution Margin over Operating Income:", "DOL is highest near the break-even point; in fact, at the break-even point, DOL is undefined, because it is infinite: an increase of 10% in sales, say, increases Operating Income for 0 to some positive number (say, $10), which is an infinite (or undefined) percentage change; in terms of margins, its Operating Margin is zero, so its DOL is undefined. Similarly, for a very small positive Operating Income (say, $.1), a 10% increase in sales may increase Operating Income to $10, a 100x (or 9,900%) increase, for a DOL of 990; in terms of margins, its Operating Margin is very small, so its DOL is very large. DOL is closely related to the rate of increase in the operating margin: as sales increase past the break-even point, operating margin rapidly increases from 0% (reflected in a high DOL), and as sales increase, asymptotically approaches the contribution margin: thus the rate of change in operating margin decreases, as does the DOL, which asymptotically approaches 1. Examples of companies with high operating leverage include companies with high R&D costs, such as pharmaceuticals: it can cost billions to develop a drug, but then pennies to produce it. Hence from a life cycle cost analysis perspective, the ratio of preproduction costs (e.g. design widgets) versus incremental production costs (e.g. produce a widget) is a useful measure of operating leverage. Outsourcing a product or service is a method used to change the ratio of fixed costs to variable costs in a business. Outsourcing can be used to change the balance of this ratio by offering a move from fixed to variable cost and also by making variable costs more predictable.", "To date, PJ Harvey is the only artist to have won the award on more than one occasion (in 2001 and 2011). She was also the first female solo artist to receive the award. Alex Turner has received five nominations as a member of Arctic Monkeys and The Last Shadow Puppets, winning once. Thom Yorke has 6 nominations, 5 with Radiohead and one for \"The Eraser\", but has never won. The Mercury Prize can have a considerable effect on sales for those artists who are shortlisted. Elbow saw a 700% sales increase of their album \"The Seldom Seen Kid\" after winning the Prize in 2008. In their winner's speech, Elbow's frontman Guy Garvey said that winning the Mercury Prize was 'Quite literally the best thing that has ever happened to us'. Similarly, sales of The xx's winning album rose by 450% the day after they won the 2010 Mercury Prize and 2013 winner James Blake saw a 2,500% sales increase on Amazon after he was announced as the winner of the 2013 Mercury Prize. 2011 winner PJ Harvey's album \"Let England Shake\" jumped from number 181 to 24 in the UK official charts the week after the 2011 Awards Show. Despite being regarded by many as highly prestigious, it has been suggested that having an album nominated for or winning the Mercury Prize could be a curse on a career in music. In 2001, the band Gorillaz requested that their eponymous debut album be withdrawn from the shortlist, with cartoon bassist Murdoc Niccals saying that winning the award would be \"like carrying a dead albatross round your neck for eternity\". All genres of music are eligible for entry, and it is stated that all are treated equally, with only the music on the album being taken into account.", "This was followed by a 16-fold sales increase across all streaming and download platforms, including a 7000-fold sales increase in CDs on Amazon.com. Onfroy's album \"?\" was expected to return to the top five the week of his death following his murder, ultimately reaching number three with 90,000 album-equivalent units sold, up from 19,000 the last week. In the week following his murder, Onfroy's highest-charting single, \"Sad!\" , went from 52nd to 1st on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, making him the first artist to top the Hot 100 posthumously in a lead role since The Notorious B.I.G., with \"Mo Money Mo Problems\", in 1997. On June 28, his management team posthumously released the music video for \"Sad!\", which has received over 110 million views whilst the audio has over 730 million views."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did one get into a special screening of The Birth of a Nation?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was type of restorations occurred?", "answer": {"text": "In the UK, Photoplay Productions restored the Museum of Modern Art's 35mm print that was the source of Shepard's 16 mm print,", "answer_start": 780, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, the year of the film's centenary, Photoplay Productions' Patrick Stanbury, in conjunction with the British Film Institute, carried out the first full restoration.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What was the public's reaction?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me about the home media side of the birth of a nation?", "answer": {"text": "Shepard's transfer and documentary were reissued in the US by Kino Video in 2002, this time in a 2-DVD set with added extras on the second disc.", "answer_start": 1202, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b4a58b5a57fe49a498759ec3ef1ea45b_0_q#0", "question": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "rewrite": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Posner's first book, co-written with British journalist John Ware, was the 1986 biography \"Mengele: The Complete Story\". The book was the result of a five-year \"pro bono\" lawsuit that Posner brought on behalf of survivors of Mengele's medical experiments at Auschwitz. Posner and Ware obtained exclusive access to 5,000 pages of Mengele's diaries and personal papers for their book. The book was critically recognized as the \"definitive\" biography of Mengele. Posner testified before the United States Senate in 1986 about how Mengele used an International Red Cross passport to safely travel from Europe to Argentina in 1949. He also testified about the discovery made by himself and Ware that Mengele had twice been captured by U.S. Army troops in 1945, but released both times before authorities realized he was on several wanted lists. In June 1986, Posner appeared with Mengele's only son, Rolf Mengele, on the \"Phil Donahue Show\". Syndicated columnist Lewis Grizzard called the hour-long live program \"an incredibly compelling piece of television journalism.\" Some of the content in \"Mengele: The Complete Story\" was utilized by the United States Department of Justice's Office of Special Investigations (OSI), which in February 1985 began an in-depth investigation into Mengele's post-war activities and whereabouts. The investigation, done in conjunction with the United States Marshals Service, was launched after allegations that Mengele was at any time in the custody of or had any relationship with U.S. government institutions or personnel after World War II. In its official report to the Attorney General of the United States in 1992, \"In the Matter of Josef Mengele\", OSI noted it was indebted to Posner for obtaining a witness statement concerning Mengele's whereabouts from October 1945 to August 1, 1948.", "The German Doctor The German Doctor () is a 2013 Argentine historical drama film directed, produced, and written by Luc\u00eda Puenzo, based on her own novel \"Wakolda\" (2011). The film stars \u00c0lex Brendem\u00fchl as Nazi SS officer and physician Josef Mengele, infamous for performing human experiments in the Auschwitz concentration camp. It also stars Florencia Bado, Natalia Oreiro, Diego Peretti, Elena Roger, and Guillermo Pfening. Josef Mengele is in exile in Argentina in 1960, living under a new identity. He makes a long journey by road to a new location by following a family, as the roads are dangerous. Mengele has his own place to stay in Patagonia, but he takes an interest in Lilith, the daughter of the family, and he moves into their hotel by paying six months' rent. Lilith was born prematurely and, as a result, she is much shorter than her classmates. She is bullied at school because of her size. Mengele is working as a doctor and suggests that he can help her grow more quickly, and Lilith's mother Eva agrees to this. Meanwhile, people who have been searching for Mengele believe that they have found him and begin to gather evidence on his true identity. Eva is pregnant with twins, to Mengele's fascination. He compiles copious notes on them, Lilith, and the rest of her family as he continues to aid in her growth. Lilith becomes sick as a side effect of the growth hormones that Mengele has given her. Her father Enzo is furious and demands that Mengele leave the hotel. Eva goes into labour, and Mengele is the only doctor nearby and is allowed to help with the care of the newborn twins. They are born prematurely, and Mengele starts to experiment on them.", "Eva Mozes Kor  Eva Mozes Kor (January 31, 1934 \u2013 July 4, 2019) was a Romanian-born survivor of the Holocaust. Along with her twin sister Miriam, Kor was subjected to human experimentation under the direction of Josef Mengele at the Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland during World War II. She lost both of her parents and two older sisters to the Holocaust; only she and Miriam survived. Kor founded the organization CANDLES (an acronym for \"Children of Auschwitz Nazi Deadly Lab Experiments Survivors\") in 1984 and through this program located 122 other survivors of Mengele. In 1984, Kor founded the CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center to educate the public about eugenics, the Holocaust, and the power of forgiveness. Kor received international attention when she publicly forgave the Nazis for what had been done to her. This story was later explored in the 2006 documentary \"Forgiving Dr. Mengele\". She authored or co-authored six books, and took part in numerous memorial services and projects. Eva Mozes was born in 1934 in Por\u0163, Romania, to Alexander and Jaffa Mozes, farmers who were the only Jewish residents in the area. She had three siblings named Edit, Aliz, and her twin sister Miriam. In 1940, when Eva and Miriam were five, a Hungarian armed guard occupied their village. In 1944, the family was transported to the regional ghetto at Cehei in \u015eimleu Silvaniei. During their time at the ghetto, the family had no housing but had to make tents out of sheets. A few weeks later they were transported to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Their family, along with others from the ghetto, were sent to the gas chambers but because Eva and Miriam were twins, they were selected to be part of a group of children used in experiments under the direction of Josef Mengele.", "After the Truth  After the Truth () is a 1999 German film depicting the fictional trial of Dr. Josef Mengele, known as the \"death angel of Auschwitz\". The film, starring G\u00f6tz George as Mengele and Kai Wiesinger as his lawyer, is based on the original English-language screenplay by American writers Christopher and Kathleen Riley. The German title translates to \"Nothing but the truth\". The German phrase on the US promotional poster translates to \"Thou shalt not kill\", one of the Ten Commandments. The infamous Nazi doctor Josef Mengele, who performed unethical medical experiments and is considered to be personally responsible for the selection of mass groups of detainees to be murdered in the gas chambers at the Auschwitz concentration camp, comes back from his hideout in Argentina as an 87-year-old man who is in his last days. Back in Germany, he must face trial for his crimes. Peter Rohm, a young solicitor and expert on Mengele, has to defend him. But Rohm feels unable to do so; when he decides to take on the case he endangers not only the relationship to his wife but also their very lives. While the entire world looks on the Mengele trial, Rohm learns that the history of his own family has a closer connection with the Nazis' genocide than he ever had suspected. G\u00f6tz George was also a co-producer of the film, which had problems finding financial support. The actor invested heavily to see the film completed.", "Angel of Death (Slayer song) \"Angel of Death\" is the opening track on the American thrash metal band Slayer's 1986 album \"Reign in Blood\". The lyrics and music were written by guitarist Jeff Hanneman. They detail the Nazi physician Josef Mengele's human experiments at the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. Although the lyrics describe Mengele's abuses rather than endorsing them, \"Angel of Death\" led to accusations of Nazi sympathizing and racism against the band, which they vigorously denied but which followed them throughout their early career. Despite the controversy and the resulting delay in the release of \"Reign in Blood\", the song remains a live favorite, and has appeared on all of Slayer's live albums. The song has been described as highly influential in the development of thrash metal or speed metal, and is highly regarded by some critics; AllMusic's Steve Huey called it a classic and the album \"the pinnacle of speed metal\". The half-time riff was sampled by Public Enemy in their 1988 song \" She Watch Channel Zero?!. \" Slayer guitarist Jeff Hanneman wrote \"Angel of Death\" after reading books about Nazi physician Josef Mengele while on tour with the band. He said that he remembered \"stopping someplace where I bought two books on Mengele. I thought, 'This has gotta be some sick shit.' So when it came time to do the record, that stuff was still in my head\u2014that's where the lyrics to 'Angel of Death' came from.\" The lyrics are written both from Mengele's point of view and from that of a detached observer condemning his actions. They detail Mengele's surgical experiments on patients at the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. Mengele's explorations were conducted on such groups as dwarfs and twins, and included both physical and psychological examinations."], "answer": {"text": "), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.", "answer_start": 77}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b4a58b5a57fe49a498759ec3ef1ea45b_0_q#1", "question": "How did they go about doing that?", "rewrite": "How did Josef Mengele go about capturing Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In addition to these war criminals that fled to Argentina, the \"\"Kameradenwerk\"\" also assisted Nazi criminals imprisoned in Europe, including Rudolf Hess and Karl D\u00f6nitz, with food parcels from Argentina and sometimes by paying their legal fees. In Argentina, Rudel became acquainted with notorious Nazi concentration camp doctor and war criminal Josef Mengele. Rudel, together with Willem Sassen, a former Waffen-SS and war correspondent for the Wehrmacht, who initially worked as Rudel's driver, helped to relocate Mengele to Brazil by introducing him to Nazi supporter Wolfgang Gerhard. In 1957, Rudel and Mengele together travelled to Chile to meet with Walter Rauff, the inventor of the mobile gas chamber. In Argentina, Rudel lived in Villa Carlos Paz, roughly from the populous C\u00f3rdoba City, where he rented a house and operated a brickworks. There, Rudel wrote his wartime memoirs \"Trotzdem\" (\"Nevertheless\" or \" In Spite of Everything\"). The book was published in November 1949 by the D\u00fcrer-Verlag in Buenos Aires. D\u00fcrer-Verlag (1947\u20131958) issued a variety of apologia by former Nazis and their collaborators. Besides Rudel, among the early editors were Wilfred von Oven, the personal Press adjutant of Goebbels, and Naumann. Sassen convinced Adolf Eichmann to share his view on the Holocaust. Together with Eberhard Fritsch, a former Hitler Youth leader, Sassen began interviewing Eichmann in 1956 with the intent of publishing his views. The D\u00fcrer-Verlag went bankrupt in 1958. Discussion ensued in Germany on Rudel being allowed to publish the book, because he was a known Nazi. In the book, he supported Nazi policies.", "Argentina had a history of turning down extradition requests for Nazi criminals, so rather than filing a possibly futile request for extradition, Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion made the decision that Eichmann should be captured and brought to Israel for trial. Harel arrived in May 1960 to oversee the capture. Mossad operative Rafi Eitan was named leader of the eight-man team, most of whom were Shin Bet agents. The team captured Eichmann on 11 May 1960 near his home on Garibaldi Street in San Fernando, Buenos Aires, an industrial community north of the centre of Buenos Aires. The agents had arrived in April and observed his routine for many days, noting that he arrived home from work by bus at about the same time every evening. They planned to seize him when he was walking beside an open field from the bus stop to his house. The plan was almost abandoned on the designated day when Eichmann was not on the bus that he usually took home, but he got off another bus about half an hour later. Mossad agent Peter Malkin engaged him, asking him in Spanish if he had a moment. Eichmann was frightened and attempted to leave, but two more Mossad men came to Malkin's aid. The three wrestled Eichmann to the ground and, after a struggle, moved him to a car where they hid him on the floor under a blanket. Eichmann was taken to one of several Mossad safe houses that had been set up by the team. He was held there for nine days, during which time his identity was double-checked and confirmed. During these days, Harel tried to locate Josef Mengele, the notorious Nazi doctor from Auschwitz, as the Mossad had information that he was also living in Buenos Aires. He was hoping to bring Mengele back to Israel on the same flight.", "In May 1960, Isser Harel, director of Mossad (the Israeli intelligence agency), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires. He hoped to track down Mengele as well so he too could be brought to trial in Israel. Under interrogation, Eichmann provided the address of a boarding house that had been used as a safe house for Nazi fugitives. Surveillance of the house did not reveal Mengele or any members of his family, and the neighborhood postman said that although Mengele had recently been receiving letters there under his real name, he had since relocated, leaving no forwarding address. Harel's inquiries at a machine shop where Mengele had been part owner did not turn up any leads either, so he had to give up. In spite of having provided Mengele with legal documents in his real name in 1956, thus enabling him to regularize his residency in Argentina, West Germany offered a reward for his capture. Ongoing newspaper coverage of his wartime activities (accompanied by photographs of the fugitive) led Mengele to relocate again in 1960. Former pilot Hans-Ulrich Rudel put him in touch with the Nazi supporter Wolfgang Gerhard, who helped Mengele get across the border into Brazil. He stayed with Gerhard on his farm near Sao Paulo until more permanent accommodation was found with Hungarian expatriates Geza and Gitta Stammer. Helped by an investment from Mengele, the couple bought a farm in Nova Europa, and Mengele was given the job of manager. In 1962 the three bought a coffee and cattle farm in Serra Negra, with Mengele owning a half interest. Initially, Gerhard told the couple that Mengele's name was \"Peter Hochbichler\", but they discovered his true identity in 1963.", "Then Malkin grabbed him in a neck-lock, wrestled him to the ground, and bundled him in the car that took them to a safe house outside Buenos Aires. In 1989, Israeli newspaper \"Maariv\" cited him as \"one of the greatest figures ever in the history of the Mossad.\" Israeli journalist Uri Dan called him \"an extraordinary secret warrior.\" Malkin is also said to have been involved in the search for Yossele Schumacher in the 1960s. After retiring in 1976, Peter Malkin devoted his time to painting, a profession he used as a cover during his Mossad years. His paintings at the time of the capture of Eichmann in Argentina through the present have won international acclaim in London, Paris, Brussels and Israel. He has also authored books, and served as a private international consultant on anti-terrorism methods. The movie, \"The Man Who Captured Eichmann\" (1996) starring Robert Duvall as Adolf Eichmann, was based on his book \"Eichmann in My Hands\": also in the film was Arliss Howard, who played Malkin. More recently, Evan M. Wiener has written a play, \"Captors\", inspired by the book. He was also portrayed by Oscar Isaac in the 2018 movie \"Operation Finale\" (with Ben Kingsley as Eichmann) and by Topol (as a character named Michael) in the 1979 film \"The House on Garibaldi Street\". In the mid 1980s, Malkin was recruited to go after former SS doctor Josef Mengele. Malkin and the team of ex-Mossad agents that he put together did not know at the time that Mengele was already dead. At the last minute, Malkin and the team called off the operation when they realized that it was a trap.", "Harel agrees to proceed with the operation after medical doctor Hanna (M\u00e9lanie Laurent) is convinced to join the team. After briefing on intelligence collected by Aharoni, Harel dispatches the team to Buenos Aires, who arrive on 1 May 1960. The capture team, composed of both Mossad and Shin Bet agents, begin surveillance, with Malkin determining Eichmann to be a creature of habit. Harel approves the capture on 7 May, with the team to capture Eichmann while on his way home from work. The team executes the plan on 11 May, with Malkin capturing Eichmann outside his home, and subsequently extracted to a Mossad safe house. In the scuffle, Eichmann loses his glasses. Klaus investigates the commotion after the capture team flees and finds his father's glasses. When approached by Carlos on who knew Eichmann's true identity, Klaus realizes Sylvia or her father may have been involved. As Eichmann's identity is confirmed at the safe house, the Israeli embassy is notified that Lothar Hermann was arrested and the police subsequently identify him as Josef Mengele. Meanwhile, the capture team is informed by the transport plane's company (El-Al) that they will only transport Eichman if he is to sign that he will voluntarily travel to Israel to stand trial. Knowing Hermann's arrest was a ruse to encourage Eichmann's release, Harel orders Aharoni get Eichmann to sign the document to depart Argentina voluntarily. Eichmann, who refuses to interact with Aharoni, also refuses to sign the waiver. In contrast, Eichmann attempts to bond with Malkin during his watch and is able to further persuade Eichmann to sign the agreement requested."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "answer": {"text": "), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b4a58b5a57fe49a498759ec3ef1ea45b_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Josef Mengele capturing Adolf Eichmann, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Later, Eitan served as Chief of Coordination between Shin Bet and Mossad. This position would allow him the biggest triumph in a post-Holocaust Israel: the capture of Adolf Eichmann. In a daring mission, after much intelligence research recognized Adolf Eichmann alive and well, and living in Argentina, Eitan and his team went to Argentina to apprehend and take him to Israel, where he was tried and found guilty of atrocious crimes against the Jewish people during World War II. During the process of capturing Eichmann, Eitan personally vetoed the capture of Josef Mengele, who was under Mossad surveillance, arguing that the eventual loss of focus could jeopardize the Eichmann mission. During 1964\u20131966, Eitan headed a two-year operation in which armaments sold and delivered by the Germans to the Egyptian government 'disappeared'. In those days, Israel had no peace treaty with Egypt. In 1968 Eitan, listed as an Israeli Ministry of Defense chemist, visited the U.S. Nuclear Materials and Equipment Corporation (NUMEC) nuclear fuel plant. It emerged that 200 pounds of highly enriched uranium had disappeared at the time at the plant. It was alleged that the material had been diverted to Israel in an event known as The Apollo Affair. Eitan was also involved in the secret planning and implementation of the attack on the Iraqi Osirak nuclear reactor in June 1981. In June 1984, Eitan initialed an espionage operation against the United States where-in he recruited Naval Intelligence Analyst Jonathan Jay Pollard to steal American top secret material. The operation lasted eighteen months and was shut down after the arrest of Pollard, who was convicted and served 30 years of a life sentence. Eitan continued his work in intelligence until 1972, when he left the organization and went on to the private sector, raising tropical fish and other agricultural ventures.", "In May 1960, Isser Harel, director of Mossad (the Israeli intelligence agency), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires. He hoped to track down Mengele as well so he too could be brought to trial in Israel. Under interrogation, Eichmann provided the address of a boarding house that had been used as a safe house for Nazi fugitives. Surveillance of the house did not reveal Mengele or any members of his family, and the neighborhood postman said that although Mengele had recently been receiving letters there under his real name, he had since relocated, leaving no forwarding address. Harel's inquiries at a machine shop where Mengele had been part owner did not turn up any leads either, so he had to give up. In spite of having provided Mengele with legal documents in his real name in 1956, thus enabling him to regularize his residency in Argentina, West Germany offered a reward for his capture. Ongoing newspaper coverage of his wartime activities (accompanied by photographs of the fugitive) led Mengele to relocate again in 1960. Former pilot Hans-Ulrich Rudel put him in touch with the Nazi supporter Wolfgang Gerhard, who helped Mengele get across the border into Brazil. He stayed with Gerhard on his farm near Sao Paulo until more permanent accommodation was found with Hungarian expatriates Geza and Gitta Stammer. Helped by an investment from Mengele, the couple bought a farm in Nova Europa, and Mengele was given the job of manager. In 1962 the three bought a coffee and cattle farm in Serra Negra, with Mengele owning a half interest. Initially, Gerhard told the couple that Mengele's name was \"Peter Hochbichler\", but they discovered his true identity in 1963.", "Beni Virtzberg Beni Virtzberg (; August 12, 1928 \u2013 August 4, 1968) was an Israeli forester, Holocaust survivor and writer who was among the first in Israel to write an autobiographical account of his experiences during and after the Holocaust. He began writing his book \"Migei Haharega Lesha'ar Hagai\" (\"From the Valley of Slaughter to the Gate of the Valley\") in the wake of the Adolf Eichmann trial, when court testimony by survivors prompted Israelis to openly and publicly discuss what the survivors had lived through. Virtzberg was born in Altona, Hamburg, Germany, to Gabriel Gustav, a merchant, and Rachel, a university graduate and homemaker. Alarmed by the events of Kristallnacht in 1938, the family relocated to Poland and moved into the Jewish quarter in Sosnowiec. They were subsequently transferred to the \u015arodula ghetto during the war, and on August 1, 1943 the ghetto was liquidated, and they were sent to Auschwitz. Virtzberg's mother was killed upon their arrival at the camp. Virtzberg and his father were separated from one another, prompting Virtzberg to turn to one of the Nazi officers nearby and ask him to let the two of them stay together. By fate, the officer he approached was Josef Mengele, who supervised the selection of prisoners in the camp. Mengele opted to spare the father's life, and young Beni was assigned to work in the camp hospital where Mengele conducted his notorious experiments. For several weeks he served as Mengele's personal servant and errand boy. Mengele spared Virtzberg's father from subsequent selections, and assigned the father to a block where Virtzberg was able to smuggle him food.", "Then Malkin grabbed him in a neck-lock, wrestled him to the ground, and bundled him in the car that took them to a safe house outside Buenos Aires. In 1989, Israeli newspaper \"Maariv\" cited him as \"one of the greatest figures ever in the history of the Mossad.\" Israeli journalist Uri Dan called him \"an extraordinary secret warrior.\" Malkin is also said to have been involved in the search for Yossele Schumacher in the 1960s. After retiring in 1976, Peter Malkin devoted his time to painting, a profession he used as a cover during his Mossad years. His paintings at the time of the capture of Eichmann in Argentina through the present have won international acclaim in London, Paris, Brussels and Israel. He has also authored books, and served as a private international consultant on anti-terrorism methods. The movie, \"The Man Who Captured Eichmann\" (1996) starring Robert Duvall as Adolf Eichmann, was based on his book \"Eichmann in My Hands\": also in the film was Arliss Howard, who played Malkin. More recently, Evan M. Wiener has written a play, \"Captors\", inspired by the book. He was also portrayed by Oscar Isaac in the 2018 movie \"Operation Finale\" (with Ben Kingsley as Eichmann) and by Topol (as a character named Michael) in the 1979 film \"The House on Garibaldi Street\". In the mid 1980s, Malkin was recruited to go after former SS doctor Josef Mengele. Malkin and the team of ex-Mossad agents that he put together did not know at the time that Mengele was already dead. At the last minute, Malkin and the team called off the operation when they realized that it was a trap.", "In addition to these war criminals that fled to Argentina, the \"\"Kameradenwerk\"\" also assisted Nazi criminals imprisoned in Europe, including Rudolf Hess and Karl D\u00f6nitz, with food parcels from Argentina and sometimes by paying their legal fees. In Argentina, Rudel became acquainted with notorious Nazi concentration camp doctor and war criminal Josef Mengele. Rudel, together with Willem Sassen, a former Waffen-SS and war correspondent for the Wehrmacht, who initially worked as Rudel's driver, helped to relocate Mengele to Brazil by introducing him to Nazi supporter Wolfgang Gerhard. In 1957, Rudel and Mengele together travelled to Chile to meet with Walter Rauff, the inventor of the mobile gas chamber. In Argentina, Rudel lived in Villa Carlos Paz, roughly from the populous C\u00f3rdoba City, where he rented a house and operated a brickworks. There, Rudel wrote his wartime memoirs \"Trotzdem\" (\"Nevertheless\" or \" In Spite of Everything\"). The book was published in November 1949 by the D\u00fcrer-Verlag in Buenos Aires. D\u00fcrer-Verlag (1947\u20131958) issued a variety of apologia by former Nazis and their collaborators. Besides Rudel, among the early editors were Wilfred von Oven, the personal Press adjutant of Goebbels, and Naumann. Sassen convinced Adolf Eichmann to share his view on the Holocaust. Together with Eberhard Fritsch, a former Hitler Youth leader, Sassen began interviewing Eichmann in 1956 with the intent of publishing his views. The D\u00fcrer-Verlag went bankrupt in 1958. Discussion ensued in Germany on Rudel being allowed to publish the book, because he was a known Nazi. In the book, he supported Nazi policies."], "answer": {"text": "Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture,", "answer_start": 294}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "answer": {"text": "), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they go about doing that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b4a58b5a57fe49a498759ec3ef1ea45b_0_q#3", "question": "What happened with him?", "rewrite": "What happened with Zvi Aharoni?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zvi Aharoni Zvi Aharoni (; February 6, 1921 \u2013 May 26, 2012) was an Israeli Mossad agent instrumental in the capture of Adolf Eichmann. Hermann Arndt (later Zvi Aharoni) was born in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. He emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1938 as a boy. After serving in the British Army, he joined the Israeli secret service and spent 20 years as a Nazi hunter. He was the Mossad agent who identified \"Ricardo Klement\" as Eichmann. Aharoni flew to Buenos Aires and tracked down the family\u2019s house in a remote neighborhood on the outskirts of town. On March 19, 1960, he spotted Eichmann. In his account of the capture, Aharoni wrote: \"I saw him about two o'clock in the afternoon... a man of medium size and build, about fifty years old, with a high forehead and partially bald, collecting the washing. \" His assistant photographed Eichmann using a camera hidden in a bag. After retiring from the Mossad in the 1970s, Aharoni became a businessman in Hong Kong and China before settling in Devon, England, with his second wife Valerie, his first wife having died in 1973. At his death in 2012, aged 91, he was survived by Valerie and by a son and daughter from his previous marriage.", "Several survivors of the Holocaust dedicated themselves to finding Eichmann and other Nazis, and among them was Jewish Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal. Wiesenthal learned from a letter shown to him in 1953 that Eichmann had been seen in Buenos Aires, and he passed along that information to the Israeli consulate in Vienna in 1954. Eichmann's father died in 1960, and Wiesenthal made arrangements for private detectives to surreptitiously photograph members of the family; Eichmann's brother Otto was said to bear a strong family resemblance and there were no current photos of the fugitive. He provided these photographs to Mossad agents on 18 February. Lothar Hermann was also instrumental in exposing Eichmann's identity; he was a half-Jewish German who had emigrated to Argentina in 1938. His daughter Sylvia began dating a man named Klaus Eichmann in 1956 who boasted about his father's Nazi exploits, and Hermann alerted Fritz Bauer, prosecutor-general of the state of Hesse in West Germany. Hermann then sent his daughter on a fact-finding mission; she was met at the door by Eichmann himself, who said that he was Klaus's uncle. Klaus arrived not long after, however, and addressed Eichmann as \"Father\". In 1957, Bauer passed along the information in person to Mossad director Isser Harel, who assigned operatives to undertake surveillance, but no concrete evidence was initially found. Harel dispatched Shin Bet chief interrogator Zvi Aharoni to Buenos Aires on 1 March 1960, and he was able to confirm the identity of the fugitive after several weeks of investigation.", "Bauer, suspecting Klaus' uncle may in fact be Adolf Eichmann, relays this intelligence to Mossad director Isser Harel (Lior Raz) in Tel Aviv, but Harel is unwilling to devote resources to investigate. At the insistence of Rafi Eitan (Nick Kroll), Harel dispatches field agent Zvi Aharoni (Michael Aronov) to Buenos Aires to begin reconnaissance. At a dinner party celebrating Argentina's 150th anniversary of independence from Spain, Klaus introduces Sylvia to Carlos Fuldner, a former Nazi officer who assisted with SS members escape to Argentina. Fuldner addresses the guests with anti-Semitic rhetoric invoking the Hitlergr\u00fcsse, leaving Sylvia visibly disturbed, who promptly leaves. Working in coordination with Mossad, Sylvia meets the Eichmann family at their home on Garibaldi Street to apologize for her earlier actions, and after an uncomfortable exchange between Klaus and his father, who introduced himself to Sylvia as Herr Klement, departs. Eichmann is subsequently photographed by Aharoni's assistant and intelligence of the exchange between Sylvia and the Eichmann family is relayed back to Israel, including information on how Klaus referred to Eichmann as \"Father. \" Eitan summons Mossad agent Peter Malkin (Oscar Isaac) and briefs him on the operation to capture Eichmann and to bring him to Israel, to stand trial for war crimes. Unconvinced of his ability to gather intelligence on his own, Eitan and Harel chastise Malkin for a botched capture that resulted in the death of another Nazi in Austria in 1954 that they believed to be Eichmann. Malkin persuades Harel the operation would be successful if Eichmann were captured and extracted by airplane on board an El Al flight, under the cover of a diplomatic mission during the Argentinian anniversary.", "Publication in 1940 confirmed that \"Mesocricetus\" was a well-characterized genus different from \"Cricetus\". After Waterhouse identified the hamster there seems to be no original scientific study of the Syrian hamster until 1930. In 1930, Israel Aharoni captured the first live hamsters known to science and in 1942 published his notes and a narrative of the experience in an autobiography, \"Memoirs of a Hebrew Zoologist\" (\"\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05d5\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\"). Sometime before Aharoni's 1930 hamster expedition, parasitologist Saul Adler was having trouble doing his research because of lack of animal testing subjects. Leishmaniasis was a regional problem and it was common to infect Chinese hamsters as a model organism to study the disease. Aharoni already knew of the Syrian hamster and when he made his plan to respond to Adler's request, he planned to capture Syrian hamsters and provide them to Adler. Aharoni took assistance from a local Syrian guide, Georgius Khalil Tah'an, who on his behalf got information from a local leader Sheik El-Beled about where hamsters might be found. On 12 April 1930, the sheik called Aharoni and Georgius to a meeting which led to the capture of hamsters and which Aharoni described as follows:  After starting with a mother and 11 babies, Aharoni was left with 10. At the time of capture the babies' eyes were not yet opened due to their age. Aharoni and his wife cared for the hamsters as they carried them back to the university. Somehow before returning the hamsters to the university, all of the hamsters escaped, and when Aharoni recovered them, one had escaped permanently leaving 9 babies.", "Gerhard convinced them not to report Mengele's location to the authorities, saying they could themselves get in trouble for harboring the fugitive. West Germany, tipped off to the possibility that Mengele had relocated there, widened its extradition request to include Brazil in February 1961. Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture, was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel. Inquiries in Paraguay gave no clues as to his whereabouts, and they were unable to intercept any correspondence between Mengele and his wife Martha, then living in Italy. Agents following Rudel's movements did not produce any leads. Aharoni and his team followed Gerhard to a rural area near Sao Paulo, where they located a European man believed to be Mengele. Aharoni reported his findings to Harel, but the logistics of staging a capture, budgetary constraints, and the need to focus on the nation's deteriorating relationship with Egypt led the Mossad chief to call a halt to the operation in 1962."], "answer": {"text": "was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel.", "answer_start": 390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "answer": {"text": "), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they go about doing that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b4a58b5a57fe49a498759ec3ef1ea45b_0_q#4", "question": "Was he good at this?", "rewrite": "Was Zvi Aharoni good at locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bauer, suspecting Klaus' uncle may in fact be Adolf Eichmann, relays this intelligence to Mossad director Isser Harel (Lior Raz) in Tel Aviv, but Harel is unwilling to devote resources to investigate. At the insistence of Rafi Eitan (Nick Kroll), Harel dispatches field agent Zvi Aharoni (Michael Aronov) to Buenos Aires to begin reconnaissance. At a dinner party celebrating Argentina's 150th anniversary of independence from Spain, Klaus introduces Sylvia to Carlos Fuldner, a former Nazi officer who assisted with SS members escape to Argentina. Fuldner addresses the guests with anti-Semitic rhetoric invoking the Hitlergr\u00fcsse, leaving Sylvia visibly disturbed, who promptly leaves. Working in coordination with Mossad, Sylvia meets the Eichmann family at their home on Garibaldi Street to apologize for her earlier actions, and after an uncomfortable exchange between Klaus and his father, who introduced himself to Sylvia as Herr Klement, departs. Eichmann is subsequently photographed by Aharoni's assistant and intelligence of the exchange between Sylvia and the Eichmann family is relayed back to Israel, including information on how Klaus referred to Eichmann as \"Father. \" Eitan summons Mossad agent Peter Malkin (Oscar Isaac) and briefs him on the operation to capture Eichmann and to bring him to Israel, to stand trial for war crimes. Unconvinced of his ability to gather intelligence on his own, Eitan and Harel chastise Malkin for a botched capture that resulted in the death of another Nazi in Austria in 1954 that they believed to be Eichmann. Malkin persuades Harel the operation would be successful if Eichmann were captured and extracted by airplane on board an El Al flight, under the cover of a diplomatic mission during the Argentinian anniversary.", "a plan, finalised at the Wannsee Conference\u2014at which Eichmann took the minutes\u2014to exterminate all the Jews in Europe. After the war, Eichmann hid in Austria using forged identity papers until 1950, when he left via Italy and moved to Argentina under an assumed name. Hoping to obtain information on Eichmann's whereabouts, Wiesenthal continuously monitored the remaining members of the immediate family in Linz until they vanished in 1952. Wiesenthal learned from a letter shown to him in 1953 that Eichmann had been seen in Buenos Aires, and he passed along that information to the Israeli consulate in Vienna in 1954. Fritz Bauer, prosecutor-general of the state of Hesse in West Germany, received independent confirmation of Eichmann's whereabouts in 1957, but German agents were unable to find him until late 1959. When Eichmann's father died in 1960, Wiesenthal made arrangements for private detectives to surreptitiously photograph members of the family, as Eichmann's brother Otto was said to bear a strong family resemblance and there were no current photos of the fugitive. He provided these photographs to Mossad agents on 18 February. Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents responsible for Eichmann's capture in Buenos Aires on 11 May 1960, said the photos were useful in confirming Eichmann's identity. On 23 May Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion announced Eichmann was under arrest and in Israel. The next day Wiesenthal, while he was being interviewed by reporters, received a congratulatory telegram from Yad Vashem. He immediately became a minor celebrity, and began work on a book about his experiences. \" Ich jagte Eichmann: Tatsachenbericht\"", "Gerhard convinced them not to report Mengele's location to the authorities, saying they could themselves get in trouble for harboring the fugitive. West Germany, tipped off to the possibility that Mengele had relocated there, widened its extradition request to include Brazil in February 1961. Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture, was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel. Inquiries in Paraguay gave no clues as to his whereabouts, and they were unable to intercept any correspondence between Mengele and his wife Martha, then living in Italy. Agents following Rudel's movements did not produce any leads. Aharoni and his team followed Gerhard to a rural area near Sao Paulo, where they located a European man believed to be Mengele. Aharoni reported his findings to Harel, but the logistics of staging a capture, budgetary constraints, and the need to focus on the nation's deteriorating relationship with Egypt led the Mossad chief to call a halt to the operation in 1962.", "Publication in 1940 confirmed that \"Mesocricetus\" was a well-characterized genus different from \"Cricetus\". After Waterhouse identified the hamster there seems to be no original scientific study of the Syrian hamster until 1930. In 1930, Israel Aharoni captured the first live hamsters known to science and in 1942 published his notes and a narrative of the experience in an autobiography, \"Memoirs of a Hebrew Zoologist\" (\"\u05d6\u05db\u05e8\u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d6\u05d5\u05d0\u05d5\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2 \u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\"). Sometime before Aharoni's 1930 hamster expedition, parasitologist Saul Adler was having trouble doing his research because of lack of animal testing subjects. Leishmaniasis was a regional problem and it was common to infect Chinese hamsters as a model organism to study the disease. Aharoni already knew of the Syrian hamster and when he made his plan to respond to Adler's request, he planned to capture Syrian hamsters and provide them to Adler. Aharoni took assistance from a local Syrian guide, Georgius Khalil Tah'an, who on his behalf got information from a local leader Sheik El-Beled about where hamsters might be found. On 12 April 1930, the sheik called Aharoni and Georgius to a meeting which led to the capture of hamsters and which Aharoni described as follows:  After starting with a mother and 11 babies, Aharoni was left with 10. At the time of capture the babies' eyes were not yet opened due to their age. Aharoni and his wife cared for the hamsters as they carried them back to the university. Somehow before returning the hamsters to the university, all of the hamsters escaped, and when Aharoni recovered them, one had escaped permanently leaving 9 babies.", "Zvi Aharoni Zvi Aharoni (; February 6, 1921 \u2013 May 26, 2012) was an Israeli Mossad agent instrumental in the capture of Adolf Eichmann. Hermann Arndt (later Zvi Aharoni) was born in Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. He emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1938 as a boy. After serving in the British Army, he joined the Israeli secret service and spent 20 years as a Nazi hunter. He was the Mossad agent who identified \"Ricardo Klement\" as Eichmann. Aharoni flew to Buenos Aires and tracked down the family\u2019s house in a remote neighborhood on the outskirts of town. On March 19, 1960, he spotted Eichmann. In his account of the capture, Aharoni wrote: \"I saw him about two o'clock in the afternoon... a man of medium size and build, about fifty years old, with a high forehead and partially bald, collecting the washing. \" His assistant photographed Eichmann using a camera hidden in a bag. After retiring from the Mossad in the 1970s, Aharoni became a businessman in Hong Kong and China before settling in Devon, England, with his second wife Valerie, his first wife having died in 1973. At his death in 2012, aged 91, he was survived by Valerie and by a son and daughter from his previous marriage."], "answer": {"text": "Agents following Rudel's movements did not produce any leads.", "answer_start": 668}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "answer": {"text": "), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they go about doing that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened with him?", "answer": {"text": "was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel.", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b4a58b5a57fe49a498759ec3ef1ea45b_0_q#5", "question": "What happened after no leads were produced?", "rewrite": "What happened after no leads on Rudel were produced?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It caused the explosion of the forward magazine which demolished the superstructure and the forward part of the hull. 326 men were killed and the ship gradually settled to the bottom in of water. Her sinking is credited to Rudel. Rudel's unit then took part in Operation Typhoon, Army Group Center's attempt to capture the Soviet capital. Rudel's gunner from October 1941 was Erwin Hentschel, who served with Rudel for the next two and a half years, earning the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during that period. He completed 1400 sorties with Rudel and drowned on 21 March 1944 when they were making their way to the German lines following a forced landing. From May 1941 to January 1942, Rudel flew 500 missions. In early 1942, Rudel got married while home on leave. Later in the year, he took part in the Battle of Stalingrad. In February 1943, Rudel flew his 1,000th combat mission, which made him into a national hero. He then participated in the experiments with using the Ju 87 G in the anti-tank role. The anti-tank unit took part in operations against the Soviet Kerch\u2013Eltigen Operation. The footage from an onboard gun camera was used in \"Die Deutsche Wochenschau\", a Reich Ministry of Propaganda newsreel. In April 1943, Rudel was awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross, receiving them from Hitler personally in Berlin. Rudel participated in the Battle of Kursk with the same unit. On 12 July 1943 Rudel claimed 12 Soviet tanks in one day. In October 1943, Rudel was credited with the destruction of his 100th tank and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords on 25 November. Rudel was appointed \"Gruppenkommandeur\" of III. \"Gruppe\" on 22 February 1944.", "Following the Revoluci\u00f3n Libertadora in 1955, the uprising that ended the second presidential term of Per\u00f3n, Rudel moved to Paraguay, where he acted as a foreign representative for several German companies. In 1977, he became a spokesman for the German People's Union, a neo-Nazi political party founded by the extremist politician Gerhard Frey. Rudel died in West Germany in 1982. Rudel was born on 2 July 1916, in Konradswaldau, in Prussia. He was the third child of Lutheran minister Johannes Rudel. As a boy, Rudel was a poor scholar, but a very keen sportsman. Rudel attended the humanities oriented \"Gymnasium\", in Lauban. He joined the Hitler Youth in 1933. After graduating with Abitur in 1936, he participated in the compulsory Reich Labour Service (RAD). Following the labour service, Rudel joined the Luftwaffe in the same year and began his military career as an air reconnaissance pilot. German forces invaded Poland in 1939 starting World War II in Europe. As an air observer, Rudel flew on long-range reconnaissance missions over Poland. During 1940, he served as a regimental adjutant for the 43rd Aviators Training Regiment, based at Vienna. In early 1941, he underwent training as a \"Stuka\" pilot. He was posted to 1 \"staffel\" Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 ( StG 2), which was moved to occupied Poland in preparation for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, in June 1941. On 21 September 1941, Rudel took part in an attack on the Soviet battleship \"Marat\" of the Baltic Fleet. \" Marat\"' was sunk at her moorings on 23 September 1941 after being hit by one bomb near the forward superstructure.", "The request was approved and the promotion backdated to 1 September. At the end of the war, Wolfrum surrendered to the US 90th Infantry Division. After the war he became a successful aerobatics pilot, winning the German Championship in 1962 and taking second place in 1961, 1963, 1964 and 1966. According to Wolfrum's own account, he and Hans-Ulrich Rudel were in contact in the first years following the end of World War II. The two had briefly met twice during the war. Wolfrum's girlfriend Irene R\u00fchl had a friend who worked for the Americans as a secretary at a hospital in F\u00fcrth were Rudel was being treated. With the help of this friend, Rudel's release papers were signed and he was set free. Wolfrum states that he then periodically aided Rudel as a motocycle driver and currier. Additionally, Wolfrum's father helped Rudel's father, Johannes Rudel, find a new home and position as a pastor in Gunzenhausen. At the time, Rudel was getting in contact with his former comrades from \"Schlachtgeschwader\" 2. With the aid of these comrades, Rudel had set up a smuggling ring across the various zones of Allied-occupied Germany. The official currency in Germany at the time was still the \"Reichsmark\" and its exchange rate varied from zone to zone. Rudel and his men built an illegal business, disguised as a haulage company, around this discrepancy in exchange rates by smuggling large sums of money from one zone to another, buying and selling currency with a profitable margin. Wolfrum states that his contact with Rudel ended in 1948 after Rudel had left for Argentina.", "On 20 March, Rudel performed a forced landing behind Soviet lines and he and his gunner escaped to the German lines. The men attempted to swim across the Dniester River and Rudel's gunner drowned in the attempt. Upon his return, Ernst Gadermann, previously the troop doctor of III. \"Gruppe\", joined Rudel as his new radio operator and air gunner. Rudel was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds on 29 March 1944, the tenth member of the Wehrmacht to receive this award. The presentation was made by Hitler personally. Rudel was promoted to \"Oberstleutnant\" on 1 September 1944, and appointed leader of SG 2, replacing Stepp, on 1 October 1944. On 22 December 1944, Rudel completed his 2,400th combat mission, and the next day, he reported his 463rd tank destroyed. On 29 December 1944, Rudel was promoted to \"Oberst\" (colonel), and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds, the only person to receive this decoration. This award was presented to him by Hitler on 1 January 1945. On 8 February 1945, Rudel was badly wounded in the right foot, and landed inside German lines as his radio operator shouted flight instructions. Rudel's leg was amputated below the knee. He returned to flying on 25 March 1945. He claimed 26 more tanks destroyed by the end of the war. On 19 April 1945, the day before Hitler's final birthday, Rudel met with Hitler in the \"F\u00fchrerbunker\" at the Reich Chancellery in Berlin. On 8 May 1945, Rudel fled westward from an airfield near Prague, landing in US controlled territory, and surrendered. The Americans refused to hand him over to the Soviet Union.", "After the war, fellow ace Vladimir Lavrinenkov wrote a book about Shestakov called \"His Call code - Sokol (Falcon) 1\". According to Lavrinenkov's book, Shestakov fought a private war with a well-known Stuka ace - a 'Kurt Renner', who was awarded 'the Golden Knight's Cross'. No such Stuka ace existed, although the Stuka ace Hans-Ulrich Rudel - the only person to be awarded the Knight's Cross with the Golden Oak Leaves - flew over the same operational area as Shestakov. Shestakov apparently tried to shoot him down during the first months of 1944, and reportedly searched for a Ju 87 with a viper painted along its fuselage, assuming that this conspicuous aircraft was flown by Renner/Rudel. After his death, it was rumoured that he died seconds after shooting at Rudel's plane, but given that Rudel was never shot down by enemy aircraft in his career, Shestakov could not have done any serious damage to Rudel's aircraft had he in fact ever attacked it. Rudel himself speculates in his autobiography: Was he shot down by Gadermann [Rudel's rear gunner], or did he go down because of the backwash from my engine during these tight turns? It doesn't matter. My headphones suddenly exploded in confused screams from the Russian radio; the Russians have observed what happened and something special seems to have happened... From the Russian radio-messages, we discover that this was a very famous Soviet fighter pilot, more than once appointed as Hero of the Soviet Union. I should give him credit: he was a good pilot. His 26 victories in World War II raised his career total to 65, including shared."], "answer": {"text": "Aharoni and his team followed Gerhard to a rural area near Sao Paulo, where they located a European man believed to be Mengele.", "answer_start": 730}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "answer": {"text": "), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they go about doing that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened with him?", "answer": {"text": "was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel.", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he good at this?", "answer": {"text": "Agents following Rudel's movements did not produce any leads.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_b4a58b5a57fe49a498759ec3ef1ea45b_0_q#6", "question": "Was it him?", "rewrite": "Was the man Aharoni and his team followed to a rural area near Sao Paulo Mengele?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The formal principles he investigates in these works will reappear shortly after under a different guise in the formal structuring of the urban landscapes that occupy him until the end: \"\"The last productive clash came with the affirmation of abstractionism in the 1950s, via the Paris school and Vieira da Silva, and this was decisive for the cycles of his long final production : he did not cut off the metaphorical body of Lisbon\" [...] \"but disciplined it in rhymes and chromatic spatialities in which light is the determining referent\". Botelho exhibited his work in numerous solo and group exhibitions, among which one may highlight: 25th Venice Biennial, 1950; 1st Sao Paulo Biennial, 1951; 3rd Sao Paulo Biennial, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 1955; 4th Sao Paulo Biennial, 1957; 1st Exhibition of Fine Arts, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon, 1957; 50 Years of Modern Art, Brussels, 1958; 30th Venice Biennial; 2nd Exhibition of Fine Arts, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon, 1961; 8th Sao Paulo Biennial, 1965; etc. He is represented in many public and private collections, such as: Lisbon City Council (C\u00e2mara Municipal de Lisboa); Chiado Museum, Lisbon; Modern Art Centre Jos\u00e9 de Azeredo Perdig\u00e3o, Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Lisbon; Sao Paulo Museum of Modern Art, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; etc.", "Gerhard convinced them not to report Mengele's location to the authorities, saying they could themselves get in trouble for harboring the fugitive. West Germany, tipped off to the possibility that Mengele had relocated there, widened its extradition request to include Brazil in February 1961. Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture, was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel. Inquiries in Paraguay gave no clues as to his whereabouts, and they were unable to intercept any correspondence between Mengele and his wife Martha, then living in Italy. Agents following Rudel's movements did not produce any leads. Aharoni and his team followed Gerhard to a rural area near Sao Paulo, where they located a European man believed to be Mengele. Aharoni reported his findings to Harel, but the logistics of staging a capture, budgetary constraints, and the need to focus on the nation's deteriorating relationship with Egypt led the Mossad chief to call a halt to the operation in 1962.", "In recent years, the number of Brazilian cricketers representing their country has steadily increased. The winning Brazil squad in Santiago, for example, included six Brazilian-born players. The Brazil national league is made up of nine teams, which compete for the Commonwealth Ambassador's Trophy. The teams are as follows: Candangos, Bras\u00edlia and Pakistan Plus from the state of Distrito Federal, the Sao Paulo Indians, SPAC and Sao Paulo from Sao Paulo state, while the state of Paran\u00e1 is represented by Swadisht, Gralha Azul and Parana. Since 2000, Sao Paulo has won five league titles, while Bras\u00edlia has won twice and Paran\u00e1 once. Teams play 40-over-a-side matches from March to October. In November each year, a Twenty20 tournament between the three state representative sides is held. This tournament rotates from year to year between the three major cities. In addition to this competition, Saquarembo CC is a Sao Paulo-based group of former Brazil players which plays just a few exhibition matches a year against Rest of the World (SP). With Brazil's entry into the ICC came the creation of junior development programmes in Bras\u00edlia, Sao Paulo and Curitiba. In Bras\u00edlia, a big breakthrough came when cricket was offered as an accredited PE course at the national University of Bras\u00edlia. This led to the formation of the Candangos team, made up wholly of Brazilians. It also created interest amongst female students and resulted in the beginnings of women's cricket in Bras\u00edlia. In terms of junior development, there is a growing number of boys participating in regular training sessions and games, giving the core of a future U17s team. In Sao Paulo, progress is being made through a working relationship between St Paul's School and SPAC (the Sao Paulo Athletic Club).", "By the early 20th century, coffee accounted for 16% of Brazil's gross national product, and three fourths of its export earnings. The growers and exporters played major roles in politics; however historians are debating whether or not they were the most powerful actors in the political system. The February 1906 \"valorization\" is a clear example of the high influence on federal politics S\u00e3o Paulo gained from the coffee production. Overproduction had decreased the price of coffee, and to protect the coffee industry \u2013 and the interests of the local coffee elite \u2013 the government was to control the price by buying abundant harvests and sell it at the international market at a better opportunity. The scheme sparked a temporary rise in the price and promoted the continued expansion of the coffee production. The valorization scheme was successful from the perspective of the planters and the Brazilian state, but led to a global oversupply and increased the damages from the crash during the Great Depression in the 1930s. In the 1920s, Brazil was a nearly monopolist of the international coffee market and supplied 80% of the world's coffee. Since the 1950s, the country's market share steadily declined due to increased global production. Despite a falling share and attempts by the government to decrease the export sector's dependency on a single crop, coffee still accounted for 60% of Brazil's total exports as late as 1960. The first coffee economy in Brazil grew near Sao Paulo in the Santos coffee zone. North of Sao Paulo was the Pairaba Valley, this region was home to Oeste Paulista, a once hegemon of Brazilian coffee. This region and its economy only grew because of slave labor. While later on the industry largely invited immigrant populations to work in coffee. The coffee industry was already booming when slavery was abolished in 1888.", "In May 1960, Isser Harel, director of Mossad (the Israeli intelligence agency), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires. He hoped to track down Mengele as well so he too could be brought to trial in Israel. Under interrogation, Eichmann provided the address of a boarding house that had been used as a safe house for Nazi fugitives. Surveillance of the house did not reveal Mengele or any members of his family, and the neighborhood postman said that although Mengele had recently been receiving letters there under his real name, he had since relocated, leaving no forwarding address. Harel's inquiries at a machine shop where Mengele had been part owner did not turn up any leads either, so he had to give up. In spite of having provided Mengele with legal documents in his real name in 1956, thus enabling him to regularize his residency in Argentina, West Germany offered a reward for his capture. Ongoing newspaper coverage of his wartime activities (accompanied by photographs of the fugitive) led Mengele to relocate again in 1960. Former pilot Hans-Ulrich Rudel put him in touch with the Nazi supporter Wolfgang Gerhard, who helped Mengele get across the border into Brazil. He stayed with Gerhard on his farm near Sao Paulo until more permanent accommodation was found with Hungarian expatriates Geza and Gitta Stammer. Helped by an investment from Mengele, the couple bought a farm in Nova Europa, and Mengele was given the job of manager. In 1962 the three bought a coffee and cattle farm in Serra Negra, with Mengele owning a half interest. Initially, Gerhard told the couple that Mengele's name was \"Peter Hochbichler\", but they discovered his true identity in 1963."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What were the efforts by Josef Mengele?", "answer": {"text": "), personally led the successful effort to capture Adolf Eichmann in Buenos Aires.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they go about doing that?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Meanwhile, Zvi Aharoni, one of the Mossad agents who had been involved in the Eichmann capture,", "answer_start": 294, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened with him?", "answer": {"text": "was placed in charge of a team of agents tasked with locating Mengele and bringing him to trial in Israel.", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Was he good at this?", "answer": {"text": "Agents following Rudel's movements did not produce any leads.", "answer_start": 668, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What happened after no leads were produced?", "answer": {"text": "Aharoni and his team followed Gerhard to a rural area near Sao Paulo, where they located a European man believed to be Mengele.", "answer_start": 730, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_abe6cfe9257c44b4a7edc71c086c0f25_0_q#0", "question": "When was the album Colors released?", "rewrite": "When was the album Colors released?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["This method effectively serves to provide two functions per button without actually adding two separate physical buttons. The GameCube controller was sold in several different colors over the console's lifespan. Standard colors included \"Indigo\" (dark navy blue), \"Jet Black\", and \"Platinum\" (Silver), which were bundled with their respective colored GameCube consoles and sold separately in many countries. Other standard colors sold separately included \"Spice\" (Orange), \"Indigo/Clear\" (Indigo top with a clear translucent bottom), \"Emerald Blue\" (Turquoise), and White; the latter two were only available in Japan. Nintendo released a number of limited edition controllers in Japan through Club Nintendo, which featured a unique color scheme and/or logo in the center. Club Nintendo controllers could be purchased for 500 points each and designs included \"Mario\" (red top and blue bottom), \"Luigi\" (green top and blue bottom), \"Wario\" (yellow top and purple bottom) and a \"Club Nintendo\" controller (white top and light blue bottom). The \"Mario\" design was also made available in limited quantities through the European Stars Catalogue for 5000 points. Additionally, a number of limited edition GameCube consoles have been released which included matching controllers. Colors released in Japan include \"Starlight Gold\", \"Crystal White\", \"Symphonic Green\" (mint green), \"Hanshin Tigers\" (black with Hanshin Tigers logo), \"Gundam Copper\" (two-tone red with Gundam logo) and \"Transparent\" which was included with the \"Enjoy Plus Pack +\" bundle. The \"Symphonic Green\" and \"Crystal White\" colors were also released in Europe, although the latter was renamed \"Pearl White\" and bundled with Mario Smash Football.", "\"Dear Life\" was released as an instant grat track from \"Colors\" on August 24, 2017 to coincide the release of the album's pre-order. It received support at triple-A radio in the United States and was sent to top 40 radio in Italy on September 8, 2017, as the album's third international single. \"Up All Night\" was released to triple-A radio September 18, 2017, as the album's third single in the United States. It was then sent to alternative radio September 19, 2017. \"Up All Night\" peaked at number one on \"Billboard\"s Alternative Songs chart, becoming Beck's third chart topper and first since 2005's \"E-Pro\". \"Colors\" was sent to alternative radio on April 10, 2018, as the album's fourth single in the United States. A video was released exclusively for Apple Music on March 29, 2018, with special guest Alison Brie and directed by Edgar Wright. \"Colors\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 72 out of 100, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\" based on 34 reviews. Colors also won Grammy awards for<br> BEST ALTERNATIVE MUSIC ALBUM Colors <br> BEST ENGINEERED ALBUM, NON-CLASSICAL Colors The title song \"Colors\" was also nominated. <br>BEST POP SOLO PERFORMANCE Colors \"Colors\" debuted at number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with 46,000 album-equivalent units, of which 41,000 were pure album sales. It is Beck's sixth US top 10 album. All tracks produced by Beck and except where noted. Track listing adapted from iTunes.", "Since then, Morse has played on six studio albums \"Purpendicular\", \"Abandon\", \"Bananas\", \"Rapture of the Deep\", \" Now What?! \", and \"Infinite\", as well as seven of its live albums. In addition to playing with Deep Purple, Morse, together with Jimmy Barnes, Bob Daisley, Lee Kerslake and Don Airey, formed Living Loud in 2003. The group released one studio album and a live DVD in 2004/2005. In Spring 2010 it was reported that Steve Morse and Bob Daisley started work on the new studio album which was set for a release in 2011. Morse began a collaboration with singer Sarah Spencer in 2007 entitled Angelfire. The album, of the same name, was released on 10 August 2010 on Radiant Records. The album features Dave LaRue and Van Romaine of the Steve Morse Band on bass and drums, respectively. The album has a textural, acoustic sound that differs from Morse's previous work. Angelfire opened for the Steve Morse Band for several shows in California (January) and Florida (March) of 2010. In 2011, Morse formed Flying Colors, an American supergroup composed of Mike Portnoy, Dave LaRue, Casey McPherson and Neal Morse, whose debut eponymous album was released on 26 March 2012, and debuted at No. 9 on Billboard's Hard Rock chart, and No. 11 on the BBC's Rock Album charts. Flying Colors released its second album, Second Nature, in 2014 to critical acclaim. Morse is considered one of the hardest working guitarists in the world. He is widely known for his stylistically diverse compositional skills and was voted \"Best Overall Guitarist\" by \"Guitar Player\" magazine for five years in a row, qualifying him for its \"Guitar Player Hall of Fame\", the only other members being Steve Howe of Yes and Eric Johnson.", "Coll\u00e8ge de Champigny The Coll\u00e8ge de Champigny is a teaching center for private secondary studies. It was founded by the Sacred Heart Brothers in 1969. It was established in order to provide education to each and all, as was the wishes of Father Andr\u00e9 Coindre, the founder. It is the only private institute in L'Ancienne-Lorette and for the Sainte-Foy sector of Qu\u00e9bec City. From 1945 \u00e0 1967, the mission of the Sacred Heart Brothers in the college was to form future priests and brothers. A part of the building still houses the brothers today as former professors.", "Up until the 14th century, Malang was part of an Indianized majority Hindu-Buddhist kingdom like most of Java. Now a large majority of Malang residents are Muslims. There are small minorities of Catholics, Protestants, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucians. Many buildings of worship still stand from their construction in the colonial era. For example, the City of Malang Grand Mosque (\"Masjid Agung Jami Kota Malang\" \u2014 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631) in Malang City Square (\"Alun-alun Kota Malang\"); the Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (\"Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus\") in Kayutangan; Saint Mary from Mount Carmel Cathedral (\"Gereja Ijen\" or \"Katedral Santa Maria dari Gunung Karmel\") on Jalan Ijen, which is the seat for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang; the Immanuel Protestant Church in Alun-alun; and Eng An Kiong Confucian Temple (\"Klenteng Eng An Kiong\" \u2014 \u6c38\u5b89\u5bae\u5edf) in Jl. Laksamana Martadinata No. 1 Malang. Malang is famous for being a center of religious education. This is evident with the existence of many Islamic schools (madrasahs and \"pesantren\") and Christian bible seminaries. Malang has several convents and monasteries: Carmel Monastery, Ursuline Convent, Misericordia monastery, Monastery of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Brothers, Convent of the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Monastery Mission Congregatio Brother, Brother Abbey Projo, Passionist Monastery, and several others. The Arekan dialect of the Javanese language is the day-to-day language used in Malang."], "answer": {"text": "In September 2007,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_abe6cfe9257c44b4a7edc71c086c0f25_0_q#1", "question": "Was it successful?", "rewrite": "Was Colors a successful album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jermaine Jackson (album) Jermaine Jackson (released internationally as Dynamite) is the tenth studio album by United States singer-songwriter Jermaine Jackson, released in 1984. It was his debut album with Arista after leaving Motown. The album features Whitney Houston and his brothers Michael, Tito and Randy. Overall, it stands as one of Jermaine Jackson's most commercially successful albums, selling over 900,000 copies in the US to date and being certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). \"Jermaine Jackson\" was Jackson's first of numerous albums released with Arista Records, after leaving Motown, who he had been with for thirteen years. The album was released internationally under the title \"Dynamite\". The album went on to be Jermaine's second-most successful album in the United States, peaking at No. 19 \u2014 13 places below \"Let's Get Serious\" \u2014 on the main \"Billboard\" album chart, but becoming the #1 R&B album on July 7, 1984. The disc achieved Gold status, eventually surpassing 900,000 in US sales. Internationally, it was Jackson's most successful album, peaking within the charts of four non-US territories. \"When the Rain Begins to Fall\", originally recorded for the soundtrack of \"Voyage of the Rock Aliens\", was later included on the album after its success as a single. The album track \"Take Good Care of My Heart\" a duet with the then relatively unknown singer Whitney Houston was also the B-Side of the released \"Dynamite\" single, and, the song later appeared on the self-titled debut album of American R&B and pop singer Whitney Houston, released February 14, 1985 on Arista Records. The album was re-issued in 2005 in the US with little difference compared to the original album.", "The album sold 100,000 copies worldwide and it was certified gold. When promotion on Just The Beginning was over, the girls were ready to record their second album. They knew that they would have to show their growth. During this time, Aimee had left the group. The group was hurt by her departure. Even though she left the group, they remained close friends. The group began the recording process of their second album without Aimee. It took another two years but \"Sincerely Yours\" was released on June 26, 2001. It was not as successful as their debut album. The album only sold 45,000 copies worldwide and reviews of the album were mixed. Only two singles were released from the album, but both \"Swing Your Love 2 Me\" and \"So Badd\" failed to chart. The girls left the Kamikaze label the following year. The girls took a little break off to live life. They signed with another independent label, Straight Hits Entertainment. Before the release of their third album, they released a self-titled EP giving fans a sneak peek of their upcoming album. Their third album, \"Luvin' You\", was eventually released on January 27, 2004. It became their most successful album to date, selling 150,000 copies worldwide. Despite being their most successful album, no singles have been released from the album. The group would split in 2005. In summer 2009, after a five-year hiatus, One Voice decided to make their return into the music industry. They went back into the studio to record new music and began performing at various events. The group also announced the return of original member, Aimee Castillo. One Vo1ce appeared at the 15th Annual Filipino-American (Fil-Am) Friendship Celebration at the Serramonte Shopping Center, Daly City, CA on September 20, 2009.", "Gia (album) Gia is the fifth studio album by Greek singer Despina Vandi that was originally released on December 19, 2001 by Heaven Music. Since release, it has been re-released several times, and has become one of the best-selling albums of all time in Greece. According to the DVD \"Guide of the Greek discography\" which is compiled privately by Petros Dragoumanos, it is the best selling album for the last 20 years in Greece. In 2010, Alpha TV's \"Chart Show\" which uses statistics also compiled by Mr. Dragoumanos, ranked the album as the third most successful album in terms of sales in Greece during 1985-2009 and the most successful album from 2000-2009. The album has sold more than 200,000 units and stands at five times platinum in Greece. It also stands at four times platinum in Cyprus and gold status in Turkey. Additionally, the album was licensed to 35 territories. A re-release titled Gia & Ante Gia Collector's Edition was later released on March 21, 2002 and includes two discs featuring the songs from the original album plus the songs from her CD single \"Ante Gia\". \" Gia\" was also later released in the United States by Escondida Music in 2004 as her first international release with a slightly altered track listing. The first single \"Gia\" reached number one on the US Billboard Club Dance Airplay. \"Gia\" was later released in Australia by Central Station and in Romania by Mach 1 in 2004. Following the success of the album, Despina Vandi was awarded as \"Best Selling Greek Artist 2001\" at the \"World Music Awards\" which held in Monaco on March 6, 2002. Credits adapted from the album's liner notes.", "Cyndi Lauper discography American singer Cyndi Lauper has released eleven studio albums, six compilation albums, three video albums and fifty-one singles. Worldwide, Lauper has sold approximately 70 million albums, singles and DVDs. Lauper was a founding member of Blue Angel, who released their debut album in 1980 on Polydor Records. The album was unsuccessful, causing the band to break up and Lauper to file for bankruptcy. In 1983, Lauper obtained a contract with Portrait Records, and her debut solo album, \"She's So Unusual\", was released. The album was a major success, achieving platinum and gold certification around the world and spawning the hits \"Girls Just Want to Have Fun\", \"Time After Time\" and \"She Bop\". In 1985, Lauper released \"The Goonies 'R' Good Enough\", a single from the soundtrack to \"The Goonies\", and her second album, \"True Colors\", was released in 1986. \"True Colors\" was another successful album, along with the single of the same name and \"Change of Heart\". A starring role in the film \"Vibes\" in 1988 led to the release of \"Hole in My Heart (All the Way to China)\", which was a hit in Australia and New Zealand. Lauper's third album, \"A Night to Remember\", was released in 1989. This album was less successful, despite the popularity of the first single, \"I Drove All Night\". The following single, \"My First Night Without You\" managed to chart in the top 60 in the United States. In 1992, Lauper appeared in the English version of \"Starmania\", a French rock opera. She released a single from the musical, \"The World Is Stone\", which was a major hit in several countries, particularly France.", "In 2002 the organisation was renamed Women's and Children's Health Service. In 2006, the two hospitals were once again separated. King Edward Memorial Hospital is now home of the state's Women and Newborn Health Service, as part of the North Metropolitan Health Service. KEMH is a tertiary maternity hospital, and provides general maternity for women in its catchment area, as well as handling complex pregnancies from across the state. KEMH has Australia's first milk bank, as well as a comprehensive inpatient service for women suffering from postnatal psychiatric disorders. KEMH also specialises in women's health, and treats over 5,000 patients with gynaecological conditions every year. KEMH is also involved in the training of student doctors and other health professionals. In addition, KEMH hosts a number of statewide services as part of the WA Women and Newborn Health Service, including:"], "answer": {"text": "Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music...", "answer_start": 125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Colors released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2007,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_abe6cfe9257c44b4a7edc71c086c0f25_0_q#2", "question": "When was The Great Misdirect released?", "rewrite": "When was The Great Misdirect album released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On May 31, 2009, the group went into the studio to record their fifth album (sixth if including The Anatomy Of), The Great Misdirect. They released the single \"Obfuscation\" on September 29 and the album on October 27.", "The Great Misdirect The Great Misdirect is the fifth studio album by American progressive metal band Between the Buried and Me. It was released on October 27, 2009 through Victory Records and was produced by Jamie King. Despite containing only six tracks, the album reaches nearly an hour in total time length. The album contains their longest song, \"Swim to the Moon\", which surpasses 17 minutes. Frontman Tommy Giles Rogers described \"The Great Misdirect\" as \"some of the best material we've ever created.\" Musically, this album is a continuation of the progressive metal, technical death metal and avant-garde metal sound the band is known for. Between the Buried and Me began recording for \"The Great Misdirect\" during the summer of 2009. On August 31, the band released a four-minute teaser of the album containing various short clips of the album's songs onto their MySpace profile. On September 1, the band played a new song entitled \"Obfuscation\" as well as \"Disease, Injury, Madness\" at the Lincoln Theatre in Raleigh, North Carolina. On September 16, \"Obfuscation\" was streamed live on Victory\u2019s metal focused web platform, VictoryMetal.com. The Great Misdirect debuted at #36 on the Billboard 200. The deluxe edition of the album was released on October 26, it included a \"making of\" documentary about the album, a walk through of all the band members' gear, and a 5.1 surround sound mix of the album. The name of the record is derived from the last line of the song \"Obfuscation\". Rogers has stated that the nearly 18-minute-long closing song \"Swim to the Moon\" is - in some ways - a companion piece to \"Sun of Nothing\", a song featured on their previous album, \"Colors\".", "Asleep Next to Science Asleep Next to Science is the debut studio album by American progressive rock band Orbs. It was released on August 17, 2010 through Equal Vision Records and was produced by Jamie King, known for producing Between the Buried and Me and Alesana. Orbs entered the studio at The Basement recording studio in Winston-Salem, N.C. in February 2009. It was produced by Jamie King, who worked with Between the Buried and Me on Colors and The Great Misdirect. On April 4, 2010, the band released a free download of two songs from the album to fans who signed up to their mailing list. The band describes the album as \"the product of long-distance friendships linked through an appreciation for music, nature, and a mutual desire to defy common song structure.\" A tour in support of the album began on August 19, 2010 in Greensboro, N.C.  The Allmusic review by Ned Raggett awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Asleep Next to Science, the group's first full release, is both a familiar enough supergroup-styled effort thanks to the bandmembers' various backgrounds in acts like Between the Buried and Me and Abigail Williams and a modern version of it given that their work grew out of Internet-based collaboration. The album almost resists criticism in a way, though, because it is exactly all that -- come in expecting theatrical compositions, metal-tinged and emo-tinged and more besides, and you'll get it down to the concluding piano flourishes on 'Sayer of the Law,' not to mention plenty of keyboard breaks throughout courtesy of Ashley Ellyllon.", "This song is the prequel to the \"Parallax Saga\" following this album, \"\" and \"\". On March 16, 2010 the album was released in a limited edition vinyl, limited to 200 copies as clear pink vinyl and 1,250 as clear orange. \"The Great Misdirect\" also features their lead guitarist Paul Waggoner performing opening vocals on \"Desert of Song\" and Chuck Johnson performing vocals on \"Swim to the Moon\". A backwards message is included in the song \"Disease, Injury, Madness\" at 3:17-3:37. It is difficult to hear over the acoustic guitar riffs, but a voice is heard saying \"You will sleep with the rest of the non-believers... If you disagree you will sleep... You will sleep with the rest of the non-believers...\" The second song \"Obfuscation\" is featured as downloadable content in Rock Band 2 via the Rock Band Network. It is also featured in the game on the radio \"Blood 106.66\".", "Obfuscation (song) \"Obfuscation\" is a song by Between the Buried and Me. The song was released as the first single from their fifth album \"The Great Misdirect\". \"Obfuscation\" appears as the second track on the album, directly following up from the previous track, \"Mirrors\" and even features occasional time signature-followings as well as lyrics that are reflected in \"Mirrors\". \"Obfuscation\" is featured as downloadable content for \"Rock Band\", via the \"Rock Band Network\" and appears in on fictional radio station The Blood 106.66. A music video was produced for the song. It was directed by Kevin McVey and released on November 29, 2009. It is considered to be a \"short film\". Set in Marfa, Texas, the video begins with a man (played by Bill Oberst Jr) driving a Chrysler and newspaper headline about a UFO appearing, before cutting to a boy (played by Tyler Smith) attending a magic show with his family. The magician performing invites the boy's sister (played by Sasha Stuber) to appear in one of his tricks, where she will enter a box, disappear, and return. When the girl enters the box, she arrives in a demented world where she is menaced by cloaked figures. The girl returns clearly traumatized and the boy begins to take interest in the magician. At their home, the girl panics and runs outside when she sees the television is showing \"Killers from Space.\" She vomits a noxious acid and dies. Meanwhile, the man arrives at a gas station to get directions, but is forced to shoot the clerk with his Walther P38 when she notices a tattoo on his neck."], "answer": {"text": "on October 27.", "answer_start": 203}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Colors released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2007,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music...", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_abe6cfe9257c44b4a7edc71c086c0f25_0_q#3", "question": "Where there any albums released between  Colors and The Great Misdirect?", "rewrite": "Where there any other albums released between Colors and The Great Misdirect?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Asleep Next to Science Asleep Next to Science is the debut studio album by American progressive rock band Orbs. It was released on August 17, 2010 through Equal Vision Records and was produced by Jamie King, known for producing Between the Buried and Me and Alesana. Orbs entered the studio at The Basement recording studio in Winston-Salem, N.C. in February 2009. It was produced by Jamie King, who worked with Between the Buried and Me on Colors and The Great Misdirect. On April 4, 2010, the band released a free download of two songs from the album to fans who signed up to their mailing list. The band describes the album as \"the product of long-distance friendships linked through an appreciation for music, nature, and a mutual desire to defy common song structure.\" A tour in support of the album began on August 19, 2010 in Greensboro, N.C.  The Allmusic review by Ned Raggett awarded the album 3 stars stating \"Asleep Next to Science, the group's first full release, is both a familiar enough supergroup-styled effort thanks to the bandmembers' various backgrounds in acts like Between the Buried and Me and Abigail Williams and a modern version of it given that their work grew out of Internet-based collaboration. The album almost resists criticism in a way, though, because it is exactly all that -- come in expecting theatrical compositions, metal-tinged and emo-tinged and more besides, and you'll get it down to the concluding piano flourishes on 'Sayer of the Law,' not to mention plenty of keyboard breaks throughout courtesy of Ashley Ellyllon.", "This song is the prequel to the \"Parallax Saga\" following this album, \"\" and \"\". On March 16, 2010 the album was released in a limited edition vinyl, limited to 200 copies as clear pink vinyl and 1,250 as clear orange. \"The Great Misdirect\" also features their lead guitarist Paul Waggoner performing opening vocals on \"Desert of Song\" and Chuck Johnson performing vocals on \"Swim to the Moon\". A backwards message is included in the song \"Disease, Injury, Madness\" at 3:17-3:37. It is difficult to hear over the acoustic guitar riffs, but a voice is heard saying \"You will sleep with the rest of the non-believers... If you disagree you will sleep... You will sleep with the rest of the non-believers...\" The second song \"Obfuscation\" is featured as downloadable content in Rock Band 2 via the Rock Band Network. It is also featured in the game on the radio \"Blood 106.66\".", "The Great Misdirect The Great Misdirect is the fifth studio album by American progressive metal band Between the Buried and Me. It was released on October 27, 2009 through Victory Records and was produced by Jamie King. Despite containing only six tracks, the album reaches nearly an hour in total time length. The album contains their longest song, \"Swim to the Moon\", which surpasses 17 minutes. Frontman Tommy Giles Rogers described \"The Great Misdirect\" as \"some of the best material we've ever created.\" Musically, this album is a continuation of the progressive metal, technical death metal and avant-garde metal sound the band is known for. Between the Buried and Me began recording for \"The Great Misdirect\" during the summer of 2009. On August 31, the band released a four-minute teaser of the album containing various short clips of the album's songs onto their MySpace profile. On September 1, the band played a new song entitled \"Obfuscation\" as well as \"Disease, Injury, Madness\" at the Lincoln Theatre in Raleigh, North Carolina. On September 16, \"Obfuscation\" was streamed live on Victory\u2019s metal focused web platform, VictoryMetal.com. The Great Misdirect debuted at #36 on the Billboard 200. The deluxe edition of the album was released on October 26, it included a \"making of\" documentary about the album, a walk through of all the band members' gear, and a 5.1 surround sound mix of the album. The name of the record is derived from the last line of the song \"Obfuscation\". Rogers has stated that the nearly 18-minute-long closing song \"Swim to the Moon\" is - in some ways - a companion piece to \"Sun of Nothing\", a song featured on their previous album, \"Colors\".", "Obfuscation (song) \"Obfuscation\" is a song by Between the Buried and Me. The song was released as the first single from their fifth album \"The Great Misdirect\". \"Obfuscation\" appears as the second track on the album, directly following up from the previous track, \"Mirrors\" and even features occasional time signature-followings as well as lyrics that are reflected in \"Mirrors\". \"Obfuscation\" is featured as downloadable content for \"Rock Band\", via the \"Rock Band Network\" and appears in on fictional radio station The Blood 106.66. A music video was produced for the song. It was directed by Kevin McVey and released on November 29, 2009. It is considered to be a \"short film\". Set in Marfa, Texas, the video begins with a man (played by Bill Oberst Jr) driving a Chrysler and newspaper headline about a UFO appearing, before cutting to a boy (played by Tyler Smith) attending a magic show with his family. The magician performing invites the boy's sister (played by Sasha Stuber) to appear in one of his tricks, where she will enter a box, disappear, and return. When the girl enters the box, she arrives in a demented world where she is menaced by cloaked figures. The girl returns clearly traumatized and the boy begins to take interest in the magician. At their home, the girl panics and runs outside when she sees the television is showing \"Killers from Space.\" She vomits a noxious acid and dies. Meanwhile, the man arrives at a gas station to get directions, but is forced to shoot the clerk with his Walther P38 when she notices a tattoo on his neck.", "On May 31, 2009, the group went into the studio to record their fifth album (sixth if including The Anatomy Of), The Great Misdirect. They released the single \"Obfuscation\" on September 29 and the album on October 27."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Colors released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2007,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music...", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Great Misdirect released?", "answer": {"text": "on October 27.", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_abe6cfe9257c44b4a7edc71c086c0f25_0_q#4", "question": "Did the go on Tour?", "rewrite": "Did the band Between the Buried and Me go on Tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In September 2007, Between the Buried and Me released their fourth studio album (fifth if including The Anatomy Of), Colors. Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music... we have described this release as 'new wave polka grunge'.\" The band also described the album as \"adult contemporary progressive death metal\". In September 2007, after the release of Colors, the band went on tour with Animosity and Horse the Band. Giant (now known as BraveYoung) also supported their shows in the USA. The run concluded with their November 4 appearance at the Saints and Sinners Fest in Asbury Park, New Jersey. In December 2007, they again embarked on a headlining tour, supported by August Burns Red and Behold... The Arctopus. The band were also the main support on The Dillinger Escape Plan's 2008 UK tour. Between the Buried and Me were one of the acts that took part at \"Progressive Nation '08\", the first in what became an annual progressive music festival, also featuring Dream Theater, Opeth, and 3. Starting in summer 2008 and continuing in the fall, they performed as a supporting act for Children of Bodom's US headlining tour, alongside The Black Dahlia Murder. In early December 2008, they went on a short 4-show tour around the Carolinas and Georgia (US) with other Carolina-based bands, such as He Is Legend, Advent, and Nightbear. Between the Buried and Me finished a month-long tour of Australia on January 9 with headliners Bleeding Through, As Blood Runs Black, In Trenches and The Abandonment. In September 2009, Between the Buried and Me performed a Canadian Tour with Killswitch Engage and In Flames co-headlining, along with the support of Protest the Hero.", "The album was recorded and produced by the band's guitarist Derya Nagle, who was the producer of the band's previous album and has worked with artists such as Frank Turner (Mongol Horde), Rise to Remain and The HAARP Machine. Furthermore, upon revealing their track listing they announced that Tommy Rogers of Between the Buried and Me was to be a guest on the track \"Beware the Leopard (Jagwar)\". The band headed out on their first headline tour from 4 to 9 September across the UK in support of Mouth of Swords before flying to North America to be a part of Between the Buried and Me's 'Future Sequence' tour across North America during September and October 2013, alongside The Faceless and The Contortionist. The band debuted their first single from the album, \"Glass Crush,\" on The Rock Show on BBC Radio 1 hosted by Daniel P. Carter on 7 August 2013. Throughout January 2014 the band toured with Protest the Hero, Tesseract and Intervals across Europe, before heading back to the US for the Progressive Nation at Sea Cruise 2014 and then on tour once again with Protest the Hero and Intervals, this time also with Battlecross and Night Verses joining the tour. Lori Peri left the band on 21 December 2014 after 12 years to pursue other interests. On 1 April 2015 the band announced their split by simply stating \"We broke up\". Derya and Jo went on to form the band Good Tiger. The Safety Fire are a Progressive Metal band. The band themselves have mentioned artists such as Karnivool, Sikth, Opeth, Bj\u00f6rk, Jaga Jazzist, Kaki King and Between the Buried and Me as influencing their sound. The band make use of multiple time signatures and quickly change between distorted and clean guitars. Similarly the vocal skills of Sean McWeeney switch between pitched screaming and clean vocal melodies.", "Come Around Sundown World Tour The Come Around Sundown World Tour was the second concert tour by American rock band Kings of Leon. Visiting the Americas, Europe, Africa and Australia, the tour supported the band's fifth studio album, \"Come Around Sundown\" (2010). The tour has been praised by both critics and spectators alike, with many dates selling out within minutes. The concerts held in North America (in 2010) grossed over 14 million dollars, becoming the 49th highest-grossing North American tour. The tour ranked 40th in Pollstar's \"Top 50 Worldwide Tour (Mid-Year)\", earning roughly 20 million dollars in 2011. After finishing their previous tour, the band began working on their fifth studio album. In a 2009 interview with \"Billboard\", frontman Caleb Followill stated the album would have a similar sound to their debut album, with a chill vibe. After the announcement of the album, the band later announced they would be a headlining act at the 2010 Bonnaroo Music Festival. The tour was officially announced via the band's official website in April 2010. The album was not due for release until October 2010 and the band was hesitant to showcase the new music to the public. However, they all felt that their fans did not want a continuation of their last tour. They further elaborated, \"I think if we were to go out there, play a concert right now and not play some new music, it would feel like we had our hands tied and I think we would be bored with the show. We didn't want to go back out there and give them 'Only By the Night Tour' Part 2. It's inspiring to us to be able to go out there and play a new song. ...", "Whilst not called a Good To Go Tour, 2004's Brand New Hero Records Tour was a precursor to what eventually became the Good To Go Tour. In September/October 2004, this twelve date UK tour featured The Littlest Man Band, Suburban Legends and Army Of Freshmen, who made a return the following year as part of the first Good To Go Tour. In October 2005 the inaugural Good To Go Tour ran between the 20th-29th inclusive, featuring: The tour took in the following dates: July and August 2006 saw the second Good To Go Tour, featuring a line-up of:   Failsafe - whilst not playing the entire tour - played the Carling Academy dates and a select few. The tour ran from 25 July to 7 August inclusive. The third tour took place in May 2007, with a line-up of: Army Of Freshmen was originally scheduled to play all fifteen of the dates but had to pull out of the final five due to other tour commitments. The tour was scheduled for the following dates: The first Good To Go Tour of 2008 took place in February, with a line-up of: The tour took in the following dates:  MxPx then departed from the tour. Punchline and The Get Go continued for a further four shows. The second Good To Go Tour of 2008 took place in July, and featured: The tour took in the following dates: In April 2009 there was a three date 'Funsize' Good To Go Tour. The short length was due to The Aquabats! only being able to play three UK shows before their appearance at Groezrock Festival in Belgium. With support from Allbright at the London show only, this three date tour featured: The tour took in the following dates:  As well as the Good To Go Tour and the 2004 Brand New Hero Records Tour, the organisers of the Good", "on July 1, 2003 and embarked on an American tour supporting \"Jackass\" star Steve-O. The album was well received and brought about their first mini Warped Tour stint, overseas tours with NORA and Chimaira, numerous U.S tours with bands such as Bleeding Through, Norma Jean, Dillinger Escape Plan, and a spot on the 2004 Ozzfest tour. Micciche resigned from his position in 2005 to towards the end of the writing sessions for Gutter Phenomenon with the band announcing they were accepting online submissions to replace Micciche. Kevin Falk of Between The Buried and Me filled the vacant position in April of 2005. The band released Gutter Phenomenon on August 23rd, 2005 on Ferret Records with Falk being let go from the band almost immediately after the albums release for personal reasons. He was replaced by Chris Byrnes of NORA who left the band immediately following their stint on Warped Tour 2006 under amicable circumstances. He was replaced by Keller Harbin of The Chariot and embarked on tour with Atreyu on the World Championship Tour along with From First to Last and Chiodos. On October 30th, 2006, the band released their first DVD entitled \"Shit Happens\" including various home videos, tour antics and live footage of the band. In February of 2007, Keith Buckley stated that the band had been holed up in a basement in North Tonawanda, New York writing their 4th album. On April 24th, 2007 the band announced that The Big Dirty would be released on September 4th of that year. The band embarked on tour with Norma Jean of June of 2007. The next month the band released the first single, \"Imitation Is the Sincerest Form of Battery\" on all streaming services. Upon release of the album, Josh Newton replaced Harbin on bass and the band embarked on tour with Underoath, Poison The Well & Maylene & The Sons Of Disaster."], "answer": {"text": "Starting in summer 2008 and continuing in the fall, they performed as a supporting act for Children of Bodom's US headlining tour,", "answer_start": 1033}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Colors released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2007,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music...", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Great Misdirect released?", "answer": {"text": "on October 27.", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where there any albums released between  Colors and The Great Misdirect?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_abe6cfe9257c44b4a7edc71c086c0f25_0_q#5", "question": "Were there any other bands involved?", "rewrite": "Were there any other bands involved in Children of Bodom's US headlining tour besides Between the Buried and Me ?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The song Gaia Bleeds is featured on Madden NFL 10. The band played the entire Warped Tour 2010 on the Altec Lansing stage along with Parkway Drive, Four Year Strong, Emmure, Whitechapel, Suicide Silence and others. The band toured in support of You Me At Six and The Blackout overseas during November. As well, the band played their own set of headline dates in Liverpool, Leeds and Northampton. On October 11, 2010, the band announced via their Twitter account that they had begun recording the follow-up to \" This Will Be the Death of Us\" with producer Brian McTernan. The expected release for the new album was set tentatively for Spring 2011. On a Q&A session on the band's Formspring account on January 7, 2011, they announced that the new album will be called \"Burning at Both Ends\", and will be released on June 27, 2011. In February\u2013March 2011, the band supported Parkway Drive on their US headlining tour. Other opening acts were The Ghost Inside and The Warriors. Following that tour, in April 2011, the band supported another major metalcore band - August Burns Red on their own US headlining tour, with supporting acts Texas in July and Born of Osiris. In conjunction with the band's new release \"Burning at Both Ends\", the band toured as part of the Vans Warped Tour, in June\u2013August 2011. On August 15, 2011, it was announced that the band was added as the main supporting act of the Pop Punk's Not Dead Tour, which headlined by New Found Glory in October\u2013November 2011. Other opening acts include The Wonder Years, Man Overboard and This Time Next Year. On October 5, 2011, the band released the video for \"The Last American Virgin.\"", "A New Era of Corruption\" was released on June 8, 2010, sold around 10,600 copies in the United States in its first week of release and debuted at position No. 43 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. Whitechapel's focus on mass exposure over their small, dedicated following has provided them with featured spots in both California Metal Fest IV and 2010's Warped Tour. They have also been announced to play Download festival in 2010, and will be a part of the second stage showcased. A headlining US tour with Impending Doom, Oceano, I Declare War and Miss May I was held before the end of November. During December 2010, drummer, Kevin Lane willingly left the group to return to college and due to his ankle not being on par and would hinder the band; former Knights of the Abyss drummer Benjamin Harclerode joined the band in Lane's replacement. A live music video for the song \"Breeding Violence\" was released February 7, 2011. Whitechapel did a US headlining tour titled \"The Welcome To Hell Tour\" with The Acacia Strain, Veil of Maya, Chelsea Grin and I Declare War throughout February and March 2011. This tour was followed by another headlining tour of the same name in Europe with The Acacia Strain as direct support and Impending Doom opening the show. Whitechapel also co-headlined the 2011 Summer Slaughter Tour, alongside The Black Dahlia Murder. In the fall and winter of 2011, Whitechapel embarked on a US tour with The Devil Wears Prada, For Today and Enter Shikari. In September 28, Whitechapel released a new song titled \"Section 8\" and confirmed a limited edition EP titled \"Recorrupted\"; the EP was released on November 8, 2011. Whitechapel undertook a US headlining tour titled \"The Recorruptour\" with Miss May", "Obscura started the 164 concert-long Omnivium Worldtour in their home town of Landshut, Germany, followed by a full European tour alongside Hate Eternal, Beneath the Massacre and Defiled. They also played a five-week tour supporting Children of Bodom and Devin Townsend within North America. On the August 10 the band announced their first southeast Asian headlining tour, performing in Thailand, Indonesia, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates. In November and December the same year a North American headlining tour followed, supported by Abysmal Dawn and Last Chance to Reason. In March\u2013April 2012 the band headlined a European run with support by Spawn of Possession, Gorod and Exivious. To promote \"Omnivium\", the band played a first headlining tour in Japan alongside Beneath the Massacre and Defiled in June 2012. In 2013 Obscura embarked on a European Tour alongside Death, with most of the shows sold out. In late 2011 Obscura started an online crowdfunding scheme to pay for the release of a combination of their first demo, demos from the \"Cosmogenesis\" sessions and three cover songs from the bands Death, Atheist and Cynic. Within 60 days the band generated $14,600 in fan donations, almost five times their financial target. In celebration of their tenth year as a band, the band played a special anniversary show on the December 15, 2012, in Landshut, Germany, with support from Dark Fortress and Hokum. The show featured a reunion of the early members who recorded the first demo, \"Illegimitation\". This show also marked the end of the Omnivium Worldtour. In March 2013, Obscura embarked on a European Tour supported by Aeon, Deadborn and Over Your Threshold.", "Endgame Tour The Endgame Tour was a concert tour by punk band Rise Against, taking place from 2011 to 2013, in support of their sixth full-length studio album \"Endgame\". The tour began on February 25, 2011, with the band's first visit to South America, playing a short leg with two dates in Brazil and one in Argentina with supporting act Berri Txarrak. This followed a short tour of small venues in Europe with supporting act Coliseum, and a major US tour with supporting acts Bad Religion and Four Year Strong. In July, the band headlined a tour of Oceania with supporting acts Sick of It All and Break Even, which was followed by a run of European festival dates in August, including playing the Reading and Leeds Festivals. The band was then chosen as the main guest supporting act on the Foo Fighters' fall headlining tour in support of \"Wasting Light\", which took place in September, after which Rise Against headlined their own Canadian tour with supporting acts Flogging Molly and The Black Pacific. Between November 2\u201313, 2011, the band played their first UK headlining tour in 2 years, supported by and Polar Bear Club, the band also played one date in Scotland during the tour, and added an additional date in Rome, Italy on November 15. In December, the band played a series of Christmas special radio festival shows. The band's first tour of 2012 was another US headlining leg, which was supported by A Day to Remember and The Menzingers, with Glassjaw also joining as a special guest supporting act at the New York City show on February 3. Between February 28\u2013March 20, 2012, the band headlined another tour of Europe, visiting countries they haven't visited in years like Norway, Finland and the Czech Republic, and also touring Germany. The tour was supported by Architects and Touch\u00e9 Amor\u00e9.", "In September 2007, Between the Buried and Me released their fourth studio album (fifth if including The Anatomy Of), Colors. Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music... we have described this release as 'new wave polka grunge'.\" The band also described the album as \"adult contemporary progressive death metal\". In September 2007, after the release of Colors, the band went on tour with Animosity and Horse the Band. Giant (now known as BraveYoung) also supported their shows in the USA. The run concluded with their November 4 appearance at the Saints and Sinners Fest in Asbury Park, New Jersey. In December 2007, they again embarked on a headlining tour, supported by August Burns Red and Behold... The Arctopus. The band were also the main support on The Dillinger Escape Plan's 2008 UK tour. Between the Buried and Me were one of the acts that took part at \"Progressive Nation '08\", the first in what became an annual progressive music festival, also featuring Dream Theater, Opeth, and 3. Starting in summer 2008 and continuing in the fall, they performed as a supporting act for Children of Bodom's US headlining tour, alongside The Black Dahlia Murder. In early December 2008, they went on a short 4-show tour around the Carolinas and Georgia (US) with other Carolina-based bands, such as He Is Legend, Advent, and Nightbear. Between the Buried and Me finished a month-long tour of Australia on January 9 with headliners Bleeding Through, As Blood Runs Black, In Trenches and The Abandonment. In September 2009, Between the Buried and Me performed a Canadian Tour with Killswitch Engage and In Flames co-headlining, along with the support of Protest the Hero."], "answer": {"text": "The Black Dahlia Murder.", "answer_start": 1174}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Colors released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2007,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music...", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Great Misdirect released?", "answer": {"text": "on October 27.", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where there any albums released between  Colors and The Great Misdirect?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the go on Tour?", "answer": {"text": "Starting in summer 2008 and continuing in the fall, they performed as a supporting act for Children of Bodom's US headlining tour,", "answer_start": 1033, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_abe6cfe9257c44b4a7edc71c086c0f25_0_q#6", "question": "Did they go on any other tours?", "rewrite": "Did Between the Buried and Me go on any other tours besides the Children of Bodom?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Children of Bodom discography The discography of Children of Bodom, a five-piece melodic death metal band from Espoo, Finland. Throughout their career, the band has been known to incorporate many different musical styles, leading critics and fans to label them as everything from melodic death metal and black metal to thrash metal, progressive metal and even power metal. The current band line-up includes the founders Alexi Laiho (lead vocals, lead guitar) and Jaska Raatikainen (drums) along with Henkka Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 (bass), Janne Wirman (keyboards) and Daniel Freyberg (rhythm guitar). Children of Bodom have released nine studio albums, two live albums, one compilation album, seven singles, two EP's and two split singles. Moreover, in the period 1994\u20131996 they released three demos under their old moniker, \"IneartheD\". This list includes the material released as IneartheD. Children of Bodom's first release under their new name was the split single \"Children of Bodom\", released in January 1997. Their debut album \"Something Wild\" followed later the same year. 1999 saw the release of two Children of Bodom albums: their second studio album, \"Hatebreeder\", and their first live album, titled \"Tokyo Warhearts\". In 2001 they released their third studio album, \"Follow the Reaper\", which had the very successful single \"Hate Me!\". \"Follow the Reaper\" was the first Children of Bodom album to go gold in their home country of Finland. After renewing their contract with Spinefarm Records, thereby gaining the support of the major recording company Universal Music Group, the band recorded their fourth studio album \"Hate Crew Deathroll\", which was released in 2003 to considerable commercial success. \"", "Bodom (film) Bodom (internationally Lake Bodom) is a 2016 Finnish horror film directed by Taneli Mustonen. It is inspired by but not based on the 1960 Lake Bodom murders. A group of Finnish friends decide to go camping by Lake Bodom to do a reconstruction of the 1960 murders, but something goes wrong. In his review for \"Ilta-Sanomat\", Tarmo Poussu called \"Bodom\" \"the first Finnish horror film that meets the international standards\". Jutta Sarhimaa from \"Helsingin Sanomat\" gave the film four out of five stars, complimenting the young actors, visual production and dialogue. Mimosa Willamo won the best actress award at Screamfest in 2016.", "She then went on to temporarily play keyboards for Children of Bodom during their 1998 European tour while their own keyboardist was occupied with school. Shortly after, she relocated once again and moved to Finland, where together with original band member Alexi Laiho, they reformed Sinergy with Finnish musicians. Over the years Sinergy has teamed up to tour with the likes of Nightwish, Angra, Dark Tranquillity, In Flames and Children of Bodom. They've also played some of the biggest metal festivals in the world including Wacken Open Air. The success of Sinergy in Japan resulted in Goss receiving an offer to write a monthly column for over three years in \"Burrn!\" magazine, the country's most popular music publication. Goss has also made contributions to other bands, writing some lyrics for Children of Bodom on three of their albums, and lending her voice to guest sing with other artists, including Warmen, Eternal Tears of Sorrow, To/Die/ For, Exhumation, Kyl\u00e4hullut and The Wicked. The fourth Sinergy album, \"Sins of the Past\", began production in 2004, but due to Children of Bodom's busy schedule the album was never completed. Alexi Laiho stated in an interview with Ultimate-Guitar.com in February 2011 that Sinergy is now defunct. In mid-2011, Kimberly began scoring background music for various TV shows that have aired on The CW, ABC Family, Freeform, Syfy and MTV, among others. Goss was in a long term relationship with and eventually married guitarist Alexi Laiho, who plays lead guitar for both Sinergy and Children of Bodom (in which Alexi also does lead vocals). The couple separated in 2004, although they still remain close friends.", "Lake Bodom murders The Lake Bodom murders is one of the most famous unsolved homicide cases in Finnish criminal history. On June 5, 1960, at Bodom Lake, 15-year-old females, Maila Irmeli Bj\u00f6rklund and Anja Tuulikki M\u00e4ki, and 18-year-old male, Seppo Antero Boisman, were killed by stabbing and blunt force trauma to their heads, while sleeping inside a tent. The fourth youth, then 18 years old, Nils Wilhelm Gustafsson, was found outside of the tent badly injured. Despite extensive investigations, the perpetrator was never identified, and various theories on the killer's identity have been presented over the years. Gustafsson was unexpectedly arrested on suspicion for the murders in 2004, but he was found not guilty the following year. The identity of the Lake Bodom murderer has not been discovered. On Saturday, June 4, 1960, four Finnish teenagers had decided to camp along the shore of Lake Bodom (Finnish: \"Bodominj\u00e4rvi\", Swedish: \"Bodom tr\u00e4sk\"), near the city of Espoo's Oittaa Manor. Maila Irmeli Bj\u00f6rklund and Anja Tuulikki M\u00e4ki were fifteen years old at the time; accompanying them were their eighteen-year-old boyfriends, Seppo Antero Boisman and Nils Wilhelm Gustafsson. Sometime between 4:00 AM and 6:00 AM (EET) during the early morning hours of Sunday, June 5, 1960, M\u00e4ki, Bj\u00f6rklund and Boisman were all stabbed and bludgeoned to death by an unknown assailant. Gustafsson, the only survivor of the massacre, sustained a concussion, fractures to the jaw and facial bones and bruises to the face, but lived.", "Erik Bodom Erik Bodom (September 28, 1829 \u2013 16 April 1879) was a Norwegian landscape painter. Erik Bodom was born in Vestby in Akershus, Norway. He was a pupil at the Oslo Cathedral School, but shortly left school to educate himself as a painter. He attended the Royal Drawing School, studying under Johannes Flintoe during 1847. He was a student of Hans Gude during 1848. In 1850, he traveled to D\u00fcsseldorf, where he made rapid progress. In 1852, he sold a landscape painting \"Aus dem Bondhusthal\" (\"From the Bondhusdalen\"), to Bridgewater Gallery in London. The following year, he became an honorary member of the Royal Academy in Amsterdam. Bodom developed a distinctly romanticized form of landscape painting. He painted in a style similar to that associated with August Cappelen, who was noted for his melancholic and romantic landscape paintings. Bodom often featured scenes from the coniferous forests of Eastern Norway. The composition of such images frequently featured landscapes of forested hills and quiet ponds, often with a bewitching atmosphere using strong contrasts between light and dark. In 1862, Bodom established a permanent residence in Germany, That same year he visited Norway for the last time. He died in D\u00fcsseldorf. The National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design is the owner of several pieces of his art including \"Fra Nordmarken\" (1857), \"Havneparti\" (1865), and \"Kystparti med bauta og vrak\" (1878). Sources differ regarding the date of his death. Monroe (1908) and Hannover (1922), among others, give 1879, but Muther (1896) gives 1873 and the \"Meyers Konversations-Lexikon\" 4th ed. (1890) gives April 18, 1880."], "answer": {"text": "In early December 2008, they went on a short 4-show tour around the Carolinas and Georgia (US) with other Carolina-based bands,", "answer_start": 1199}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was the album Colors released?", "answer": {"text": "In September 2007,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it successful?", "answer": {"text": "Band members called it \"a 65 minute opus of non stop pummeling beautiful music...", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was The Great Misdirect released?", "answer": {"text": "on October 27.", "answer_start": 203, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Where there any albums released between  Colors and The Great Misdirect?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the go on Tour?", "answer": {"text": "Starting in summer 2008 and continuing in the fall, they performed as a supporting act for Children of Bodom's US headlining tour,", "answer_start": 1033, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other bands involved?", "answer": {"text": "The Black Dahlia Murder.", "answer_start": 1174, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#0", "question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "rewrite": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Prominent werewolf characters include Oz, Veruca, and Nina Ash. Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics). In the Buffyverse, the term \"demon\" is inexact; it has been applied to just about every creature that isn't a god, robot, unmodified human, or standard terrestrial animal. Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such. There are many kinds of demons portrayed in the Buffyverse, of many different natures and origins. Some demons are shown to live and reproduce on Earth (the Bezoar in \"Bad Eggs\"), but some are extraterrestrial (the Queller demon in \"Listening to Fear\"), extradimensional (Lorne on \"Angel\"), ex-humans (Anya Jenkins was a peasant who became a vengeance demon), and hybrids (Cordelia Chase had aspects of demon fused in her). Some species of demon are capable of breeding with humans (Doyle has a human mother and a demon father). Anya Jenkins states in the episode \"Graduation Day\" that the demons that walk the earth are not pure demons, they are half-breeds. She states that true demons are \"bigger\", in reference to Mayor Richard Wilkins' Ascension into a true demon. Some demons in \"Buffy\" are shown to be inherently evil and interested in causing suffering, death, and harm. Other characters challenge this notion however, with demons such as Clem and Lorne who appear basically good. A group of shamans used the essence of a demon to produce the First Slayer. She was banished from her own village and forced to fight the forces of darkness alone. When she died another girl was \"chosen\" in her place.", "It's All About the Mission\" of the novel \"Tales of the Slayer Vol. IV\", in which her Watcher Bernard Crowley tries to avoid the Cruciamentum (a dangerous Watchers Council tradition in which a Slayer is stripped of her powers and tested) due to Nikki's pregnancy with Robin. Nikki features most heavily in her own novel \"Blackout\", which tells the story leading up to her death as she battles Spike. The novel also reveals how she was called, and that she had rivalries with vampires Darla and Dracula. Nikki makes small cameos in the novel \"Queen of the Slayers\", and the comics \"Auld Lang Syne\" and \"The Chain\". Olaf is a troll who was once human, a tenth-century Viking who apparently often hunted trolls and was the lover or husband of Aud; he cheated on her with a \"load-bearing\" bar matron, and Aud punished him by transforming him into a gigantic hammer-wielding troll. The panache of this spell brought Aud to the attention of the demon D'Hoffryn, who recruited her as a vengeance demon, renaming her Anyanka (later known as Anya Jenkins). Olaf adjusted to life as a troll, but was eventually imprisoned in a crystal by witches. Olaf is introduced as a troll in \"Triangle\" (Season Five), where he is accidentally released from the crystal when a spell attempted by Willow goes awry (thanks to Anya); he is still, after 1200 years, angry at Anya. After wreaking havoc at both the Bronze and the Magic Box and badly injuring Xander, he is defeated by Buffy and sent to an alternate dimension (most likely the Land of the Trolls). He later appears in human form in a flashback in \"Selfless\" (Season Seven).", "He started out as a \"rogue Gnome\" causing trouble, but after he was finally defeated by Jim he became friendly when he was given a dollhouse to live in and a plastic doll to be his companion. He later helped locate Enrique in the Darklands and also helped rescue Jim from the Darklands. Voiced by Tom Kenny. A recurring character of \"Trollhunters\". Javier is the father of Claire Nu\u00f1ez and husband of Councilwoman, Ophelia Nu\u00f1ez. Portrayed by Tom Hiddleston (\"Trollhunters\", ep. 1) and James Purefoy (present). A recurring character of \"Trollhunters\". Kanjigar the Courageous is Draal's father and the noble Trollhunter prior to Jim. His ghost tutors Jim, often worrying about Jim's team fighting style, believing that the Trollhunter must work alone to avoid endangering those he cares about \u2013 this leads to Jim's guilt and decision to venture into the Darklands alone. Voiced by Fred Tatasciore. A recurring character of \"Trollhunters\". Se\u00f1or Karl Uhl is the Austrian Spanish teacher and the interim principal of Arcadia Oak High. Portrayed by Laraine Newman. A recurring character of \"Trollhunters\". Lenora Janeth is the algebra and drama teacher of Arcadia Oaks High. Voiced by Chris Obi. A recurring character in \"3Below\". Loth Saborian is a hammerhead shark-like alien who the royal advisor for House Tarron on Akiridion-5. Portrayed by Frank Welker. A recurring character of \"3Below\". Luug is an alien-like dog who is the royal pet to Aja and Krel Tarron. Portrayed by Lauren Tom. A recurring character of \"Trollhunters\". Mary Wang is a friend of Claire Nu\u00f1ez and Darci Scott.", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three.  Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do. Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship. Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship.", "Emma Caulfield Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Her film roles include \"Darkness Falls\" (2003) and \"TiMER\" (2009). Caulfield was born in San Diego, California to Denise and Rodney Chukker, and is of Luxembourgian, German, English and Portuguese descent. Caulfield's first notable role was as Brandon Walsh's girlfriend, Susan Keats, on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" in 1995. She appeared for thirty episodes in the series before departing in 1996. In 1998, Emma starred in her most famous role to date, as Anya Jenkins on the WB's hit show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Originally, her character was only to appear for two episodes. However, audiences responded well to Anya, resulting in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon's decision to add her to the main cast. In 2003, Caulfield landed her first lead role in the horror movie \"Darkness Falls\", which debuted at number one in the U.S. box office. In 2004, she appeared on \"Monk\" as Meredith Preminger in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Girl Who Cried Wolf\". Caulfield also produced and starred in the satire \"Bandwagon\", playing a fictionalized version of herself. The movie was written and directed by close friend and fellow actress Karri Bowman. It screened at various festivals, although it has not been picked up for distribution. Several members of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" cast and crew have cameos in the film."], "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#1", "question": "Was she a friend of Buffy?", "rewrite": "Was Anya Jenkins a friend of Buffy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Prominent werewolf characters include Oz, Veruca, and Nina Ash. Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics). In the Buffyverse, the term \"demon\" is inexact; it has been applied to just about every creature that isn't a god, robot, unmodified human, or standard terrestrial animal. Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such. There are many kinds of demons portrayed in the Buffyverse, of many different natures and origins. Some demons are shown to live and reproduce on Earth (the Bezoar in \"Bad Eggs\"), but some are extraterrestrial (the Queller demon in \"Listening to Fear\"), extradimensional (Lorne on \"Angel\"), ex-humans (Anya Jenkins was a peasant who became a vengeance demon), and hybrids (Cordelia Chase had aspects of demon fused in her). Some species of demon are capable of breeding with humans (Doyle has a human mother and a demon father). Anya Jenkins states in the episode \"Graduation Day\" that the demons that walk the earth are not pure demons, they are half-breeds. She states that true demons are \"bigger\", in reference to Mayor Richard Wilkins' Ascension into a true demon. Some demons in \"Buffy\" are shown to be inherently evil and interested in causing suffering, death, and harm. Other characters challenge this notion however, with demons such as Clem and Lorne who appear basically good. A group of shamans used the essence of a demon to produce the First Slayer. She was banished from her own village and forced to fight the forces of darkness alone. When she died another girl was \"chosen\" in her place.", "Emma Caulfield Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Her film roles include \"Darkness Falls\" (2003) and \"TiMER\" (2009). Caulfield was born in San Diego, California to Denise and Rodney Chukker, and is of Luxembourgian, German, English and Portuguese descent. Caulfield's first notable role was as Brandon Walsh's girlfriend, Susan Keats, on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" in 1995. She appeared for thirty episodes in the series before departing in 1996. In 1998, Emma starred in her most famous role to date, as Anya Jenkins on the WB's hit show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Originally, her character was only to appear for two episodes. However, audiences responded well to Anya, resulting in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon's decision to add her to the main cast. In 2003, Caulfield landed her first lead role in the horror movie \"Darkness Falls\", which debuted at number one in the U.S. box office. In 2004, she appeared on \"Monk\" as Meredith Preminger in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Girl Who Cried Wolf\". Caulfield also produced and starred in the satire \"Bandwagon\", playing a fictionalized version of herself. The movie was written and directed by close friend and fellow actress Karri Bowman. It screened at various festivals, although it has not been picked up for distribution. Several members of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" cast and crew have cameos in the film.", "They are mentored by Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), Buffy's \"Watcher\", and joined by Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins (Emma Caulfield), who was a vengeance demon until her powers were taken away. Anya is often at a loss to know how to communicate with humans, and her speech is frequently abrupt. In the fourth season, Willow became romantically involved with Tara Maclay (Amber Benson), also a witch. Each season of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (often simplified as \"Buffy\") presents an overall theme episodes tie into. Roz Kaveney identifies family and belonging as the overall theme of the fifth season. Buffy's mother Joyce (Kristine Sutherland) begins experiencing headaches at the beginning of the season, once collapsing and requiring hospitalization. She subsequently has a brain tumor removed. She has been recovering well. In the previous episode, she receives flowers from a male suitor, which Buffy finds at the end of that episode. The fifth season also introduces Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg), Buffy's 14-year-old sister. Each season has a primary antagonist called the Big Bad; in the fifth season this takes the form of a powerful goddess named Glory (Clare Kramer). Beginning where the previous episode left off, Buffy arrives home and sees the flowers sent from Joyce's suitor. She calls out to her mother and hears no answer. Buffy sees Joyce lying lifeless on the sofa, staring at the ceiling. In a flashback to a Christmas dinner where all the Scoobies are present, having a typical lighthearted conversation as Joyce and Buffy discuss a pie that drops on the floor. The scene snaps back to Buffy in the living room, shaking Joyce and screaming at her. She calls for an ambulance and attempts CPR, accidentally snapping a rib in the process, but to no avail. Buffy calls Giles.", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three.  Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do. Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship. Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship.", "It is discovered that the Key's protectors had turned the Key into a human biologically related to the Summers\u2014Buffy's new sister Dawn. At the same time, they implanted in her family and friends lifelong memories of her. The Watchers' Council, with which Buffy had previously cut ties, aids in Buffy's research of Glory, and the Council reinstates both her and Giles. Due to problems with her mother, Buffy suspects Dawn may be harming Joyce, but they discover that they were caused by a brain tumor. As a result, Buffy, and especially Joyce, begin to accept Dawn as a true part of the family. Upon learning of Joyce's tumor, Buffy leaves her dorm to take care of her mother. Riley leaves early in the season after concluding that Buffy does not love him, joining a military demon-hunting operation, while Spike, still implanted with the Initiative chip, realizes he is in love with Buffy and begins fighting alongside the Scoobies. Buffy continually refuses his advances and alienates him. Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins begins to experience deeper human emotions, both negative and positive, such as a love for money. Anya is hired by Giles and works alongside him at The Magic Box. Glory attacks Willow's girlfriend Tara Maclay, draining her of her sanity. In a rage, Willow turns to dark magic in order to gain powers to match Glory's. She vengefully attacks the hell goddess futilely and is nearly killed, but Buffy intervenes. Despite the defeat, this event results in Willow becoming significantly more powerful, but her dependency on magic increases and her personality starts to change in a sinister way. Spike commissions Warren Mears to build a robot version of Buffy, later known as the Buffybot."], "answer": {"text": "I wish that Buffy Summers had never come to Sunnydale.\" Anya shows her true demon face to Cordelia and says, \"Done.\" and the world", "answer_start": 295}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#2", "question": "What does her character do?", "rewrite": "What does Anya Jenkins's character do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Prominent werewolf characters include Oz, Veruca, and Nina Ash. Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics). In the Buffyverse, the term \"demon\" is inexact; it has been applied to just about every creature that isn't a god, robot, unmodified human, or standard terrestrial animal. Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such. There are many kinds of demons portrayed in the Buffyverse, of many different natures and origins. Some demons are shown to live and reproduce on Earth (the Bezoar in \"Bad Eggs\"), but some are extraterrestrial (the Queller demon in \"Listening to Fear\"), extradimensional (Lorne on \"Angel\"), ex-humans (Anya Jenkins was a peasant who became a vengeance demon), and hybrids (Cordelia Chase had aspects of demon fused in her). Some species of demon are capable of breeding with humans (Doyle has a human mother and a demon father). Anya Jenkins states in the episode \"Graduation Day\" that the demons that walk the earth are not pure demons, they are half-breeds. She states that true demons are \"bigger\", in reference to Mayor Richard Wilkins' Ascension into a true demon. Some demons in \"Buffy\" are shown to be inherently evil and interested in causing suffering, death, and harm. Other characters challenge this notion however, with demons such as Clem and Lorne who appear basically good. A group of shamans used the essence of a demon to produce the First Slayer. She was banished from her own village and forced to fight the forces of darkness alone. When she died another girl was \"chosen\" in her place.", "It's All About the Mission\" of the novel \"Tales of the Slayer Vol. IV\", in which her Watcher Bernard Crowley tries to avoid the Cruciamentum (a dangerous Watchers Council tradition in which a Slayer is stripped of her powers and tested) due to Nikki's pregnancy with Robin. Nikki features most heavily in her own novel \"Blackout\", which tells the story leading up to her death as she battles Spike. The novel also reveals how she was called, and that she had rivalries with vampires Darla and Dracula. Nikki makes small cameos in the novel \"Queen of the Slayers\", and the comics \"Auld Lang Syne\" and \"The Chain\". Olaf is a troll who was once human, a tenth-century Viking who apparently often hunted trolls and was the lover or husband of Aud; he cheated on her with a \"load-bearing\" bar matron, and Aud punished him by transforming him into a gigantic hammer-wielding troll. The panache of this spell brought Aud to the attention of the demon D'Hoffryn, who recruited her as a vengeance demon, renaming her Anyanka (later known as Anya Jenkins). Olaf adjusted to life as a troll, but was eventually imprisoned in a crystal by witches. Olaf is introduced as a troll in \"Triangle\" (Season Five), where he is accidentally released from the crystal when a spell attempted by Willow goes awry (thanks to Anya); he is still, after 1200 years, angry at Anya. After wreaking havoc at both the Bronze and the Magic Box and badly injuring Xander, he is defeated by Buffy and sent to an alternate dimension (most likely the Land of the Trolls). He later appears in human form in a flashback in \"Selfless\" (Season Seven).", "Emma Caulfield Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Her film roles include \"Darkness Falls\" (2003) and \"TiMER\" (2009). Caulfield was born in San Diego, California to Denise and Rodney Chukker, and is of Luxembourgian, German, English and Portuguese descent. Caulfield's first notable role was as Brandon Walsh's girlfriend, Susan Keats, on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" in 1995. She appeared for thirty episodes in the series before departing in 1996. In 1998, Emma starred in her most famous role to date, as Anya Jenkins on the WB's hit show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Originally, her character was only to appear for two episodes. However, audiences responded well to Anya, resulting in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon's decision to add her to the main cast. In 2003, Caulfield landed her first lead role in the horror movie \"Darkness Falls\", which debuted at number one in the U.S. box office. In 2004, she appeared on \"Monk\" as Meredith Preminger in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Girl Who Cried Wolf\". Caulfield also produced and starred in the satire \"Bandwagon\", playing a fictionalized version of herself. The movie was written and directed by close friend and fellow actress Karri Bowman. It screened at various festivals, although it has not been picked up for distribution. Several members of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" cast and crew have cameos in the film.", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three.  Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do. Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship. Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship.", "They are mentored by Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), Buffy's \"Watcher\", and joined by Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins (Emma Caulfield), who was a vengeance demon until her powers were taken away. Anya is often at a loss to know how to communicate with humans, and her speech is frequently abrupt. In the fourth season, Willow became romantically involved with Tara Maclay (Amber Benson), also a witch. Each season of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (often simplified as \"Buffy\") presents an overall theme episodes tie into. Roz Kaveney identifies family and belonging as the overall theme of the fifth season. Buffy's mother Joyce (Kristine Sutherland) begins experiencing headaches at the beginning of the season, once collapsing and requiring hospitalization. She subsequently has a brain tumor removed. She has been recovering well. In the previous episode, she receives flowers from a male suitor, which Buffy finds at the end of that episode. The fifth season also introduces Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg), Buffy's 14-year-old sister. Each season has a primary antagonist called the Big Bad; in the fifth season this takes the form of a powerful goddess named Glory (Clare Kramer). Beginning where the previous episode left off, Buffy arrives home and sees the flowers sent from Joyce's suitor. She calls out to her mother and hears no answer. Buffy sees Joyce lying lifeless on the sofa, staring at the ceiling. In a flashback to a Christmas dinner where all the Scoobies are present, having a typical lighthearted conversation as Joyce and Buffy discuss a pie that drops on the floor. The scene snaps back to Buffy in the living room, shaking Joyce and screaming at her. She calls for an ambulance and attempts CPR, accidentally snapping a rib in the process, but to no avail. Buffy calls Giles."], "answer": {"text": "gained in power.", "answer_start": 560}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she a friend of Buffy?", "answer": {"text": "I wish that Buffy Summers had never come to Sunnydale.\" Anya shows her true demon face to Cordelia and says, \"Done.\" and the world", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article on Anya Jenkins other than her role in Buffy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They are mentored by Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), Buffy's \"Watcher\", and joined by Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins (Emma Caulfield), who was a vengeance demon until her powers were taken away. Anya is often at a loss to know how to communicate with humans, and her speech is frequently abrupt. In the fourth season, Willow became romantically involved with Tara Maclay (Amber Benson), also a witch. Each season of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (often simplified as \"Buffy\") presents an overall theme episodes tie into. Roz Kaveney identifies family and belonging as the overall theme of the fifth season. Buffy's mother Joyce (Kristine Sutherland) begins experiencing headaches at the beginning of the season, once collapsing and requiring hospitalization. She subsequently has a brain tumor removed. She has been recovering well. In the previous episode, she receives flowers from a male suitor, which Buffy finds at the end of that episode. The fifth season also introduces Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg), Buffy's 14-year-old sister. Each season has a primary antagonist called the Big Bad; in the fifth season this takes the form of a powerful goddess named Glory (Clare Kramer). Beginning where the previous episode left off, Buffy arrives home and sees the flowers sent from Joyce's suitor. She calls out to her mother and hears no answer. Buffy sees Joyce lying lifeless on the sofa, staring at the ceiling. In a flashback to a Christmas dinner where all the Scoobies are present, having a typical lighthearted conversation as Joyce and Buffy discuss a pie that drops on the floor. The scene snaps back to Buffy in the living room, shaking Joyce and screaming at her. She calls for an ambulance and attempts CPR, accidentally snapping a rib in the process, but to no avail. Buffy calls Giles.", "It is discovered that the Key's protectors had turned the Key into a human biologically related to the Summers\u2014Buffy's new sister Dawn. At the same time, they implanted in her family and friends lifelong memories of her. The Watchers' Council, with which Buffy had previously cut ties, aids in Buffy's research of Glory, and the Council reinstates both her and Giles. Due to problems with her mother, Buffy suspects Dawn may be harming Joyce, but they discover that they were caused by a brain tumor. As a result, Buffy, and especially Joyce, begin to accept Dawn as a true part of the family. Upon learning of Joyce's tumor, Buffy leaves her dorm to take care of her mother. Riley leaves early in the season after concluding that Buffy does not love him, joining a military demon-hunting operation, while Spike, still implanted with the Initiative chip, realizes he is in love with Buffy and begins fighting alongside the Scoobies. Buffy continually refuses his advances and alienates him. Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins begins to experience deeper human emotions, both negative and positive, such as a love for money. Anya is hired by Giles and works alongside him at The Magic Box. Glory attacks Willow's girlfriend Tara Maclay, draining her of her sanity. In a rage, Willow turns to dark magic in order to gain powers to match Glory's. She vengefully attacks the hell goddess futilely and is nearly killed, but Buffy intervenes. Despite the defeat, this event results in Willow becoming significantly more powerful, but her dependency on magic increases and her personality starts to change in a sinister way. Spike commissions Warren Mears to build a robot version of Buffy, later known as the Buffybot.", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three.  Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do. Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship. Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship.", "Prominent werewolf characters include Oz, Veruca, and Nina Ash. Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics). In the Buffyverse, the term \"demon\" is inexact; it has been applied to just about every creature that isn't a god, robot, unmodified human, or standard terrestrial animal. Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such. There are many kinds of demons portrayed in the Buffyverse, of many different natures and origins. Some demons are shown to live and reproduce on Earth (the Bezoar in \"Bad Eggs\"), but some are extraterrestrial (the Queller demon in \"Listening to Fear\"), extradimensional (Lorne on \"Angel\"), ex-humans (Anya Jenkins was a peasant who became a vengeance demon), and hybrids (Cordelia Chase had aspects of demon fused in her). Some species of demon are capable of breeding with humans (Doyle has a human mother and a demon father). Anya Jenkins states in the episode \"Graduation Day\" that the demons that walk the earth are not pure demons, they are half-breeds. She states that true demons are \"bigger\", in reference to Mayor Richard Wilkins' Ascension into a true demon. Some demons in \"Buffy\" are shown to be inherently evil and interested in causing suffering, death, and harm. Other characters challenge this notion however, with demons such as Clem and Lorne who appear basically good. A group of shamans used the essence of a demon to produce the First Slayer. She was banished from her own village and forced to fight the forces of darkness alone. When she died another girl was \"chosen\" in her place.", "Emma Caulfield Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Her film roles include \"Darkness Falls\" (2003) and \"TiMER\" (2009). Caulfield was born in San Diego, California to Denise and Rodney Chukker, and is of Luxembourgian, German, English and Portuguese descent. Caulfield's first notable role was as Brandon Walsh's girlfriend, Susan Keats, on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" in 1995. She appeared for thirty episodes in the series before departing in 1996. In 1998, Emma starred in her most famous role to date, as Anya Jenkins on the WB's hit show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Originally, her character was only to appear for two episodes. However, audiences responded well to Anya, resulting in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon's decision to add her to the main cast. In 2003, Caulfield landed her first lead role in the horror movie \"Darkness Falls\", which debuted at number one in the U.S. box office. In 2004, she appeared on \"Monk\" as Meredith Preminger in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Girl Who Cried Wolf\". Caulfield also produced and starred in the satire \"Bandwagon\", playing a fictionalized version of herself. The movie was written and directed by close friend and fellow actress Karri Bowman. It screened at various festivals, although it has not been picked up for distribution. Several members of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" cast and crew have cameos in the film."], "answer": {"text": "Anya returns to Sunnydale early in Season Four, still infatuated with Xander.", "answer_start": 423}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she a friend of Buffy?", "answer": {"text": "I wish that Buffy Summers had never come to Sunnydale.\" Anya shows her true demon face to Cordelia and says, \"Done.\" and the world", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does her character do?", "answer": {"text": "gained in power.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#4", "question": "Does Xander like her?", "rewrite": "Does Xander like Anya Jenkins?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three.  Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do. Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship. Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship.", "Selfless (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) \"Selfless\" is the fifth episode of the seventh and final season of television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Anya finally gets back into her old vengeance demon ways by helping a girl get revenge on an entire fraternity by having a spider demon tear their hearts out. Willow, returning to college, discovers this and she, Buffy and Xander fear the worst of Anya. While Buffy is determined to kill Anya, Xander cannot believe she could do such a thing, as he is still in love with her. Anya, meanwhile, is feeling deep remorse about the event - even though Halfrek tries to convince her that what she did was a work of art. Buffy and Xander track Anya back to the Frat house, where the two women fight as Xander tries to stop them. Buffy stabs Anya, seemingly killing her, but Anya's demon side prevents her from dying. Willow has called forth Anya's boss D'Hoffryn, using the amulet he gave her while trying to recruit her as Anya's replacement. When he interrupts the fight between her and Buffy, Anya begs him to reverse the spell she did - even though she knows the cost of reversing such a spell is the life and soul of a vengeance demon. Anya is ready to die, even if Xander does not want her to, but D'Hoffryn instead summons Halfrek and kills her. He tells Anya he wants her to suffer rather than die. A distraught Anya leaves and Xander follows her. They talk and Anya wanders off alone, wondering what her purpose is now that she is mortal again. In a flashback to the musical episode \"Once More, with Feeling\", two new songs are heard, both written by Joss Whedon.", "Willow runs into Xander in the kitchen and offers the final \"best man\" talk then leaves him to practice his vows. Anya continues to go over her vows in front of Tara, who advises against using the term \"sex poodle\". As the music begins, Buffy arrives to get Anya, but Willow pulls her out of the room and breaks the news that Xander is gone. Stalling while Willow looks for Xander, Buffy uses the excuse that the minister is also a doctor and the ceremony will be delayed while he performs an emergency c-section. Anya tries her vows one more time while elsewhere, Xander walks away in the rain. Mr. Harris and Mrs. Harris head back to the bar, complaining about Anya ruining the wedding. Buffy tries to stall the crowd with charades and juggling as Dawn chats outside with a teenage demon and both compare their embarrassing family and friends. Impatient, Anya heads out towards the wedding crowd, determined to get on with the wedding. The news that Xander is gone is accidentally spilled to Anya as Dawn talks to the demon teen and Anya freaks out. Mr. Harris and other demons begin to argue and then a huge fight breaks out between the two sides of the wedding guests. Tara gets caught up in the battle, but Willow rescues her. Cousin Carol directs Anya to the man in the trench coat and Anya talks to him about what he did to scare Xander off. She finds that he is really a man whom she transformed into a demon many years ago, who now seeks revenge against her. He showed Xander false images about his future to ruin Anya's wedding. She begins to cry and the demon strikes out at her, prompting Buffy to get involved. Buffy starts to attack the demon and Xander arrives to help save Anya. Anya explains to Xander that he saw only lies in those visions, but Xander isn't exactly relieved.", "Finally ready, Buffy and Xander proceed toward the crowd of mingling guests while reviewing the tasks necessary to keep Xander's parents out of trouble. Xander greets people and is suddenly assaulted by people complaining about problems. Xander's drunken father offers a toast to the waiting wedding attendees and insults the demons on Anya's side of the \"family. \" Clem and another demon talk about how annoying the man is, but before a fight can break out between Mr. Harris and one of the demons, Buffy pulls the drunk man away. The old man in a trench coat drags Xander away from the others and explains that he is Xander Harris from the future, and the wedding cannot take place. As proof, he shows the younger Xander a crystal ball that will show Xander his future. In a view of the future, Xander sits watching TV, yelling at Anya while their son runs around teasing their daughter, who is clearly part demon. Anya explains that she's going to make money while he sits around wounded and worthless. An argument breaks out as they talk about how he got injured helping Buffy, although that didn't save her life. In a later scene, Xander, Anya and their two now-teenage kids eat at a restaurant while the teens fight and Anya bitterly notes Xander's drinking. Years later, in their kitchen, Anya yells at Xander for ruining her life and blames him for her misery. He yells back, raising a frying pan - but the vision of the future abruptly ends as he hurls the pan at her. Xander, shocked by the visions, is warned by the old man not to marry Anya. Buffy finds Spike alone and the two talk about the wedding and Spike's attempt to make her jealous with his date. After he finds that his efforts worked, Spike realizes it's best to just leave and takes his date away.", "Taken aback, Anya asks Xander what he meant by that remark. Xander, as he's done before, tries to change the subject by telling a sarcastic story until Anya cuts him off by asking if he still wants to marry her. Xander admits to loving her dearly and wanting to be back with her, but he's still too afraid of himself to marry her. With her back turned to Xander, she reveals her vengeance demon face and angrily begins to wish him physical harm \u2013 but nothing happens. Anya morphs back into her human face and, upset that her powers didn't work , she leaves while a confused Xander looks on. The next day, Anya has coffee with Halfrek and the two demons talk about Anya's attempts at vengeance. Halfrek reminds Anya that she can't grant her own wishes and must get someone else to wish Xander harm. At the Summers house, Buffy makes pancakes for Dawn. Dawn realizes she's trying too hard to make up for what happened when she was crazy, and eventually Buffy catches on to that reality as well. Dawn proposes the idea of joining Buffy on patrol so the two can spend some time together, but Buffy isn't interested in that. On their coffee date, Willow fills Tara in on all of the supernatural activities that Tara has missed over the past months. Anya interrupts them and tries to maneuver them into wishing harm to Xander. She does the same with Dawn at the Magic Box and with Buffy at home; but no one takes the bait. Xander shows up at Buffy's house and Anya leaves in a huff. Buffy talks him out of following Anya and he takes his aggressions out by kicking a lawn gnome on Buffy's front lawn. When Buffy doesn't recognize the decoration as something she put there, Xander examines it and finds that it contains a small camera."], "answer": {"text": "infatuated with Xander. She", "answer_start": 477}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she a friend of Buffy?", "answer": {"text": "I wish that Buffy Summers had never come to Sunnydale.\" Anya shows her true demon face to Cordelia and says, \"Done.\" and the world", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does her character do?", "answer": {"text": "gained in power.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Anya returns to Sunnydale early in Season Four, still infatuated with Xander.", "answer_start": 423, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#5", "question": "Is she a bad character in the show?", "rewrite": "Is Anya Jenkins a bad character in the show?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["It's All About the Mission\" of the novel \"Tales of the Slayer Vol. IV\", in which her Watcher Bernard Crowley tries to avoid the Cruciamentum (a dangerous Watchers Council tradition in which a Slayer is stripped of her powers and tested) due to Nikki's pregnancy with Robin. Nikki features most heavily in her own novel \"Blackout\", which tells the story leading up to her death as she battles Spike. The novel also reveals how she was called, and that she had rivalries with vampires Darla and Dracula. Nikki makes small cameos in the novel \"Queen of the Slayers\", and the comics \"Auld Lang Syne\" and \"The Chain\". Olaf is a troll who was once human, a tenth-century Viking who apparently often hunted trolls and was the lover or husband of Aud; he cheated on her with a \"load-bearing\" bar matron, and Aud punished him by transforming him into a gigantic hammer-wielding troll. The panache of this spell brought Aud to the attention of the demon D'Hoffryn, who recruited her as a vengeance demon, renaming her Anyanka (later known as Anya Jenkins). Olaf adjusted to life as a troll, but was eventually imprisoned in a crystal by witches. Olaf is introduced as a troll in \"Triangle\" (Season Five), where he is accidentally released from the crystal when a spell attempted by Willow goes awry (thanks to Anya); he is still, after 1200 years, angry at Anya. After wreaking havoc at both the Bronze and the Magic Box and badly injuring Xander, he is defeated by Buffy and sent to an alternate dimension (most likely the Land of the Trolls). He later appears in human form in a flashback in \"Selfless\" (Season Seven).", "Prominent werewolf characters include Oz, Veruca, and Nina Ash. Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics). In the Buffyverse, the term \"demon\" is inexact; it has been applied to just about every creature that isn't a god, robot, unmodified human, or standard terrestrial animal. Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such. There are many kinds of demons portrayed in the Buffyverse, of many different natures and origins. Some demons are shown to live and reproduce on Earth (the Bezoar in \"Bad Eggs\"), but some are extraterrestrial (the Queller demon in \"Listening to Fear\"), extradimensional (Lorne on \"Angel\"), ex-humans (Anya Jenkins was a peasant who became a vengeance demon), and hybrids (Cordelia Chase had aspects of demon fused in her). Some species of demon are capable of breeding with humans (Doyle has a human mother and a demon father). Anya Jenkins states in the episode \"Graduation Day\" that the demons that walk the earth are not pure demons, they are half-breeds. She states that true demons are \"bigger\", in reference to Mayor Richard Wilkins' Ascension into a true demon. Some demons in \"Buffy\" are shown to be inherently evil and interested in causing suffering, death, and harm. Other characters challenge this notion however, with demons such as Clem and Lorne who appear basically good. A group of shamans used the essence of a demon to produce the First Slayer. She was banished from her own village and forced to fight the forces of darkness alone. When she died another girl was \"chosen\" in her place.", "They are mentored by Rupert Giles (Anthony Stewart Head), Buffy's \"Watcher\", and joined by Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins (Emma Caulfield), who was a vengeance demon until her powers were taken away. Anya is often at a loss to know how to communicate with humans, and her speech is frequently abrupt. In the fourth season, Willow became romantically involved with Tara Maclay (Amber Benson), also a witch. Each season of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (often simplified as \"Buffy\") presents an overall theme episodes tie into. Roz Kaveney identifies family and belonging as the overall theme of the fifth season. Buffy's mother Joyce (Kristine Sutherland) begins experiencing headaches at the beginning of the season, once collapsing and requiring hospitalization. She subsequently has a brain tumor removed. She has been recovering well. In the previous episode, she receives flowers from a male suitor, which Buffy finds at the end of that episode. The fifth season also introduces Dawn (Michelle Trachtenberg), Buffy's 14-year-old sister. Each season has a primary antagonist called the Big Bad; in the fifth season this takes the form of a powerful goddess named Glory (Clare Kramer). Beginning where the previous episode left off, Buffy arrives home and sees the flowers sent from Joyce's suitor. She calls out to her mother and hears no answer. Buffy sees Joyce lying lifeless on the sofa, staring at the ceiling. In a flashback to a Christmas dinner where all the Scoobies are present, having a typical lighthearted conversation as Joyce and Buffy discuss a pie that drops on the floor. The scene snaps back to Buffy in the living room, shaking Joyce and screaming at her. She calls for an ambulance and attempts CPR, accidentally snapping a rib in the process, but to no avail. Buffy calls Giles.", "Emma Caulfield Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Her film roles include \"Darkness Falls\" (2003) and \"TiMER\" (2009). Caulfield was born in San Diego, California to Denise and Rodney Chukker, and is of Luxembourgian, German, English and Portuguese descent. Caulfield's first notable role was as Brandon Walsh's girlfriend, Susan Keats, on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" in 1995. She appeared for thirty episodes in the series before departing in 1996. In 1998, Emma starred in her most famous role to date, as Anya Jenkins on the WB's hit show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Originally, her character was only to appear for two episodes. However, audiences responded well to Anya, resulting in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon's decision to add her to the main cast. In 2003, Caulfield landed her first lead role in the horror movie \"Darkness Falls\", which debuted at number one in the U.S. box office. In 2004, she appeared on \"Monk\" as Meredith Preminger in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Girl Who Cried Wolf\". Caulfield also produced and starred in the satire \"Bandwagon\", playing a fictionalized version of herself. The movie was written and directed by close friend and fellow actress Karri Bowman. It screened at various festivals, although it has not been picked up for distribution. Several members of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" cast and crew have cameos in the film.", "Bad character evidence The Criminal Justice Act 2003 applicable in England and Wales, and to a lesser extent Scotland and Northern Ireland, implemented fundamental changes to the admissibility of evidence relating to character, in respect to defendants and others. The Act is far-reaching, providing for the admissibility of previous convictions in support of a propensity to commit like-offences and untruthfulness. Common law rules in relation to the admissibility of bad character evidence have been abolished, with the existence of one exception. The legislation draws heavily on the Law Commission Paper No. 273. Bad character evidence is evidence of, or a disposition towards misconduct; other than evidence which has to do with the alleged facts of the offence with which the defendant is charged or is evidence of misconduct in connection with the investigation or prosecution of that offence. Misconduct is defined as \"the commission of an offence or other reprehensible behaviour\". Bad character in relation to the alleged facts offence itself has always been admissible for obvious reasons. The Act provides for different rules in relation to the bad character of defendants, and that of non-defendants. In assessing the probative value of evidence it is assumed to be true, unless there is material to suggest the contrary. Apart from evidence of previous convictions, other evidence, amounting to \"reprehensible behaviour\" is admissible. The Government stated the following during debate:  In addition to the statutory tests for exclusion of bad character evidence the power to exclude evidence under section 78 PACE 1984 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 is not affected by the Criminal Justice Act 2003 provisions (House of Lords, Hansard, 19 November 2003, Col. 1988). Bad Character evidence may be excluded on the grounds of unfairness."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she a friend of Buffy?", "answer": {"text": "I wish that Buffy Summers had never come to Sunnydale.\" Anya shows her true demon face to Cordelia and says, \"Done.\" and the world", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does her character do?", "answer": {"text": "gained in power.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Anya returns to Sunnydale early in Season Four, still infatuated with Xander.", "answer_start": 423, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does Xander like her?", "answer": {"text": "infatuated with Xander. She", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#6", "question": "What did she do on the show?", "rewrite": "What did Anya Jenkins do on the show?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three.  Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do. Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship. Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship.", "Emma Caulfield Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Her film roles include \"Darkness Falls\" (2003) and \"TiMER\" (2009). Caulfield was born in San Diego, California to Denise and Rodney Chukker, and is of Luxembourgian, German, English and Portuguese descent. Caulfield's first notable role was as Brandon Walsh's girlfriend, Susan Keats, on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" in 1995. She appeared for thirty episodes in the series before departing in 1996. In 1998, Emma starred in her most famous role to date, as Anya Jenkins on the WB's hit show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Originally, her character was only to appear for two episodes. However, audiences responded well to Anya, resulting in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon's decision to add her to the main cast. In 2003, Caulfield landed her first lead role in the horror movie \"Darkness Falls\", which debuted at number one in the U.S. box office. In 2004, she appeared on \"Monk\" as Meredith Preminger in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Girl Who Cried Wolf\". Caulfield also produced and starred in the satire \"Bandwagon\", playing a fictionalized version of herself. The movie was written and directed by close friend and fellow actress Karri Bowman. It screened at various festivals, although it has not been picked up for distribution. Several members of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" cast and crew have cameos in the film.", "It's All About the Mission\" of the novel \"Tales of the Slayer Vol. IV\", in which her Watcher Bernard Crowley tries to avoid the Cruciamentum (a dangerous Watchers Council tradition in which a Slayer is stripped of her powers and tested) due to Nikki's pregnancy with Robin. Nikki features most heavily in her own novel \"Blackout\", which tells the story leading up to her death as she battles Spike. The novel also reveals how she was called, and that she had rivalries with vampires Darla and Dracula. Nikki makes small cameos in the novel \"Queen of the Slayers\", and the comics \"Auld Lang Syne\" and \"The Chain\". Olaf is a troll who was once human, a tenth-century Viking who apparently often hunted trolls and was the lover or husband of Aud; he cheated on her with a \"load-bearing\" bar matron, and Aud punished him by transforming him into a gigantic hammer-wielding troll. The panache of this spell brought Aud to the attention of the demon D'Hoffryn, who recruited her as a vengeance demon, renaming her Anyanka (later known as Anya Jenkins). Olaf adjusted to life as a troll, but was eventually imprisoned in a crystal by witches. Olaf is introduced as a troll in \"Triangle\" (Season Five), where he is accidentally released from the crystal when a spell attempted by Willow goes awry (thanks to Anya); he is still, after 1200 years, angry at Anya. After wreaking havoc at both the Bronze and the Magic Box and badly injuring Xander, he is defeated by Buffy and sent to an alternate dimension (most likely the Land of the Trolls). He later appears in human form in a flashback in \"Selfless\" (Season Seven).", "It is discovered that the Key's protectors had turned the Key into a human biologically related to the Summers\u2014Buffy's new sister Dawn. At the same time, they implanted in her family and friends lifelong memories of her. The Watchers' Council, with which Buffy had previously cut ties, aids in Buffy's research of Glory, and the Council reinstates both her and Giles. Due to problems with her mother, Buffy suspects Dawn may be harming Joyce, but they discover that they were caused by a brain tumor. As a result, Buffy, and especially Joyce, begin to accept Dawn as a true part of the family. Upon learning of Joyce's tumor, Buffy leaves her dorm to take care of her mother. Riley leaves early in the season after concluding that Buffy does not love him, joining a military demon-hunting operation, while Spike, still implanted with the Initiative chip, realizes he is in love with Buffy and begins fighting alongside the Scoobies. Buffy continually refuses his advances and alienates him. Xander's girlfriend Anya Jenkins begins to experience deeper human emotions, both negative and positive, such as a love for money. Anya is hired by Giles and works alongside him at The Magic Box. Glory attacks Willow's girlfriend Tara Maclay, draining her of her sanity. In a rage, Willow turns to dark magic in order to gain powers to match Glory's. She vengefully attacks the hell goddess futilely and is nearly killed, but Buffy intervenes. Despite the defeat, this event results in Willow becoming significantly more powerful, but her dependency on magic increases and her personality starts to change in a sinister way. Spike commissions Warren Mears to build a robot version of Buffy, later known as the Buffybot.", "Prominent werewolf characters include Oz, Veruca, and Nina Ash. Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics). In the Buffyverse, the term \"demon\" is inexact; it has been applied to just about every creature that isn't a god, robot, unmodified human, or standard terrestrial animal. Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such. There are many kinds of demons portrayed in the Buffyverse, of many different natures and origins. Some demons are shown to live and reproduce on Earth (the Bezoar in \"Bad Eggs\"), but some are extraterrestrial (the Queller demon in \"Listening to Fear\"), extradimensional (Lorne on \"Angel\"), ex-humans (Anya Jenkins was a peasant who became a vengeance demon), and hybrids (Cordelia Chase had aspects of demon fused in her). Some species of demon are capable of breeding with humans (Doyle has a human mother and a demon father). Anya Jenkins states in the episode \"Graduation Day\" that the demons that walk the earth are not pure demons, they are half-breeds. She states that true demons are \"bigger\", in reference to Mayor Richard Wilkins' Ascension into a true demon. Some demons in \"Buffy\" are shown to be inherently evil and interested in causing suffering, death, and harm. Other characters challenge this notion however, with demons such as Clem and Lorne who appear basically good. A group of shamans used the essence of a demon to produce the First Slayer. She was banished from her own village and forced to fight the forces of darkness alone. When she died another girl was \"chosen\" in her place."], "answer": {"text": "Anya's tactlessness is played both for humor and to highlight the truth in situations where", "answer_start": 772}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she a friend of Buffy?", "answer": {"text": "I wish that Buffy Summers had never come to Sunnydale.\" Anya shows her true demon face to Cordelia and says, \"Done.\" and the world", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does her character do?", "answer": {"text": "gained in power.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Anya returns to Sunnydale early in Season Four, still infatuated with Xander.", "answer_start": 423, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does Xander like her?", "answer": {"text": "infatuated with Xander. She", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is she a bad character in the show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_38195211d23e47b5a963a9c122593fff_0_q#7", "question": "Was she a popular character?", "rewrite": "Was Anya Jenkins a popular character?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Old Ones (Buffy the Vampire Slayer) In the Buffyverse, the Old Ones are the extremely powerful, pure-breed demons that once dominated Earth before humankind appeared. Illyria is one of these demons (though its real form was revealed only in an illustration) while it's more than likely that Jasmine and her kind (The Powers That Be) ascended to their higher plane because of the growing malevolence of these warring demons. It's also possible that the Powers that Be were part of the same race but shared a different philosophy than the other Old Ones. Information regarding the Old Ones is limited and based on the writings of H.P. Lovecraft. Rupert Giles tells Buffy Summers in \"The Harvest\" (1997): \"This world is older than any of you know. Contrary to popular mythology, it did not begin as a paradise. For untold eons demons walked the Earth. They made it their home, their...their Hell. But in time, they lost their purchase on this reality. The way was made for mortal animals, for man. All that remains of the Old Ones are vestiges, certain magicks, certain creatures...\" Anya Jenkins explains to the Scooby Gang in \"Graduation Day, Part One\" the nature of \"pure demons.\" As Giles had stated, Earth was originally ruled by these huge, powerful, pure-breed demons, and the demon races that exist on Earth today are hybridized with humans and other species. Anya, although far too young to have seen an original Old One, had previously witnessed an Ascension. The Old Ones possess many different shapes and powers, but all of them are gigantic. They were worshipped as gods (according to Illyria, she was a \"god to a god\"), ruled over vast territories, commanded fearsome armies, and constantly made war against each other.", "Emma Caulfield Emma Caulfield Ford (born Emma M. Chukker; April 8, 1973) is an American actress best known for her role as Anya Jenkins on the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" (1998\u20132003), as well as Susan Keats, a love interest of Brandon Walsh's on the television series \"Beverly Hills, 90210\". Her film roles include \"Darkness Falls\" (2003) and \"TiMER\" (2009). Caulfield was born in San Diego, California to Denise and Rodney Chukker, and is of Luxembourgian, German, English and Portuguese descent. Caulfield's first notable role was as Brandon Walsh's girlfriend, Susan Keats, on \"Beverly Hills, 90210\" in 1995. She appeared for thirty episodes in the series before departing in 1996. In 1998, Emma starred in her most famous role to date, as Anya Jenkins on the WB's hit show \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". Originally, her character was only to appear for two episodes. However, audiences responded well to Anya, resulting in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" creator Joss Whedon's decision to add her to the main cast. In 2003, Caulfield landed her first lead role in the horror movie \"Darkness Falls\", which debuted at number one in the U.S. box office. In 2004, she appeared on \"Monk\" as Meredith Preminger in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Girl Who Cried Wolf\". Caulfield also produced and starred in the satire \"Bandwagon\", playing a fictionalized version of herself. The movie was written and directed by close friend and fellow actress Karri Bowman. It screened at various festivals, although it has not been picked up for distribution. Several members of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" cast and crew have cameos in the film.", "It's All About the Mission\" of the novel \"Tales of the Slayer Vol. IV\", in which her Watcher Bernard Crowley tries to avoid the Cruciamentum (a dangerous Watchers Council tradition in which a Slayer is stripped of her powers and tested) due to Nikki's pregnancy with Robin. Nikki features most heavily in her own novel \"Blackout\", which tells the story leading up to her death as she battles Spike. The novel also reveals how she was called, and that she had rivalries with vampires Darla and Dracula. Nikki makes small cameos in the novel \"Queen of the Slayers\", and the comics \"Auld Lang Syne\" and \"The Chain\". Olaf is a troll who was once human, a tenth-century Viking who apparently often hunted trolls and was the lover or husband of Aud; he cheated on her with a \"load-bearing\" bar matron, and Aud punished him by transforming him into a gigantic hammer-wielding troll. The panache of this spell brought Aud to the attention of the demon D'Hoffryn, who recruited her as a vengeance demon, renaming her Anyanka (later known as Anya Jenkins). Olaf adjusted to life as a troll, but was eventually imprisoned in a crystal by witches. Olaf is introduced as a troll in \"Triangle\" (Season Five), where he is accidentally released from the crystal when a spell attempted by Willow goes awry (thanks to Anya); he is still, after 1200 years, angry at Anya. After wreaking havoc at both the Bronze and the Magic Box and badly injuring Xander, he is defeated by Buffy and sent to an alternate dimension (most likely the Land of the Trolls). He later appears in human form in a flashback in \"Selfless\" (Season Seven).", "Prominent werewolf characters include Oz, Veruca, and Nina Ash. Some werewolves have shown the ability to gain control/achieve harmony between their human and bestial sides (Oz and his teacher in the comics). In the Buffyverse, the term \"demon\" is inexact; it has been applied to just about every creature that isn't a god, robot, unmodified human, or standard terrestrial animal. Some classes of creature, such as Vampires and Old Ones, are known to be demons but not always referred to as such. There are many kinds of demons portrayed in the Buffyverse, of many different natures and origins. Some demons are shown to live and reproduce on Earth (the Bezoar in \"Bad Eggs\"), but some are extraterrestrial (the Queller demon in \"Listening to Fear\"), extradimensional (Lorne on \"Angel\"), ex-humans (Anya Jenkins was a peasant who became a vengeance demon), and hybrids (Cordelia Chase had aspects of demon fused in her). Some species of demon are capable of breeding with humans (Doyle has a human mother and a demon father). Anya Jenkins states in the episode \"Graduation Day\" that the demons that walk the earth are not pure demons, they are half-breeds. She states that true demons are \"bigger\", in reference to Mayor Richard Wilkins' Ascension into a true demon. Some demons in \"Buffy\" are shown to be inherently evil and interested in causing suffering, death, and harm. Other characters challenge this notion however, with demons such as Clem and Lorne who appear basically good. A group of shamans used the essence of a demon to produce the First Slayer. She was banished from her own village and forced to fight the forces of darkness alone. When she died another girl was \"chosen\" in her place.", "Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4) The fourth season of the television series \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own \"series\", which aired on The WB following \"Buffy\". Various \"Buffy\" characters made appearances in \"Angel\", including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in \"Buffy\", and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in \"Buffy\" season three.  Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do. Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship. Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship."], "answer": {"text": "population has multiplied and gained in power.", "answer_start": 530}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Anya Jenkins a recurring character in?", "answer": {"text": "I don't think Joss Whedon ever intended to have Anya around for more than one episode.\" However, Anya returns in the episode \"Doppelgangland\", duping Willow into assisting in a failed", "answer_start": 827, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was she a friend of Buffy?", "answer": {"text": "I wish that Buffy Summers had never come to Sunnydale.\" Anya shows her true demon face to Cordelia and says, \"Done.\" and the world", "answer_start": 295, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What does her character do?", "answer": {"text": "gained in power.", "answer_start": 560, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Anya returns to Sunnydale early in Season Four, still infatuated with Xander.", "answer_start": 423, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Does Xander like her?", "answer": {"text": "infatuated with Xander. She", "answer_start": 477, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Is she a bad character in the show?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did she do on the show?", "answer": {"text": "Anya's tactlessness is played both for humor and to highlight the truth in situations where", "answer_start": 772, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_23e15fc5fe1e4e0586793d39ad0852fd_0_q#0", "question": "How did Bonnie Raitt get her commercial breakthrough?", "rewrite": "How did Bonnie Raitt get her commercial breakthrough?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2014, Hutchinson was also featured on Neil Diamond's \"Melody Road\", \"\" (w/David Lindley and Bonnie Raitt), Jerry Lee Lewis' \"Rock And Roll Time\" and The Grouch & Eligh's \"The Tortoise And The Crow\". In 2015, Hutchinson once again toured with Bonnie Raitt and on August 6, 2015, performed at Fenway Park in Boston with Raitt and James Taylor. They also recorded Raitt's \"Dig Down Deep\" which is the 11th Raitt recording on which Hutchinson has collaborated. The same year he played bass on Karen Lovely's album, \"Ten Miles of Bad Road\". In 2016, Hutchinson once again played bass on the most recent Bonnie Raitt release, Dig In Deep and toured extensively in support of said recording. Also appearing with Raitt on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Jimmy Kimmel Live! , The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, CBS Saturday and Sunday Morning Shows, Good Morning America and The BBC's Later With Jools Holland. He also in 2016 appeared on \"This Mountain\" by Pat Simmons Jr. which was produced by Patrick Simmons of the Doobie Brothers and featured Little Feat founding member and keyboardist Bill Payne, guitarist Elvin Bishop, Doobie Brothers guitarist John McFee and Hawaiian artists Keali\u02bbi Reichel and Willie K. Hutchinson toured in 2017 with Raitt in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and throughout North America, including an Arena and Stadium Tour during the months of July and August with Bonnie and James Taylor with shows at Fenway Park, Nationals Park, AT&T Park, Wrigley Field, Bridgestone Arena in Nashville and another 12 or so dates. He also appeared on a number of recordings including new releases by Curtis Salgado, Deb Ryder, Johnny Ray Jones and others.", "Nick of Time (album) Nick of Time is the 10th album by the American singer Bonnie Raitt, released on March 21, 1989. A commercial breakthrough after years of personal and professional struggles , \"Nick of Time\" topped the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling five million copies, and won three Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, which was presented to Raitt and producer Don Was. In 2003, the album was ranked number 230 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album was also included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". In 1983, Bonnie Raitt was dropped from Warner Bros. Records for not selling enough copies of her two previous albums, \"The Glow\" (1979) and \"Green Light\" (1982). This decision came just one day after she had finished rerecording her upcoming album, titled \"Tongue in Groove\". Two years later, Raitt's affair with producer Rob Fraboni came to an end, and she was forced to dissolve her backing band as she could no longer afford to pay them. In addition to these personal problems, Warner Bros. announced they would release \"Tongue in Groove\" in 1986, now titled \"Nine Lives\". This upset Raitt, as she now had to promote an album that she no longer had full control over. Raitt began to suffer from depression, and tried to distract herself with excessive eating, drinking, and partying. When asked about this period in her life, Raitt said: \"I wasn't kicking and screaming into dementia, but I did have a complete emotional, physical, and spiritual breakdown.\" After the release of \"Nine Lives\", Raitt went on a concert tour. Pop star Prince was a fan of Raitt, and attended her performance at the Beverly Theater in Los Angeles.", "Bonnie Raitt (album) Bonnie Raitt is the self-titled debut album by Bonnie Raitt, released in 1971. A straight-blues affair, it was recorded at an empty summer camp on Enchanted Island, about 30 miles west of Minneapolis on Lake Minnetonka. \"We recorded live on four tracks because we wanted a more spontaneous and natural feeling in the music\", Raitt wrote in the album's liner notes, \"a feeling often sacrificed when the musicians know they can overdub their part on a separate track until it's perfect.\" Though album sales were modest, \"Bonnie Raitt\" was warmly received by rock critics. \" [A]n unusual collection of songs performed by an unusual assortment of musicians\", wrote \"Rolling Stone\". \"Raitt is a folkie by history but not by aesthetic\", wrote Robert Christgau in his \"Consumer Guide\" column. \" She includes songs from Steve Stills, the Marvelettes, and a classic feminist blues singer named Sippie Wallace because she knows the world doesn't end with acoustic song-poems and Fred McDowell. An adult repertoire that rocks with a steady roll, and she's all of twenty-one years old.\"", "Something to Talk About (Bonnie Raitt song) \"Something to Talk About\" is a song written by Canadian singer-songwriter Shirley Eikhard and recorded by Bonnie Raitt in 1990, for her 1991 album \"Luck of the Draw\". It was released to U.S. radio on June 3, 1991. Three single versions were released: the promo b/w the same song; the 7\" single b/w \"One Part Be My Lover\" a song written by Raitt with her then husband actor Michael O'Keefe, which was also off \"Luck of the Draw\"; and a 12\" single with these two songs and \"I Ain\u2019t Gonna Let You Break My Heart Again\" off her previous album \"Nick of Time\". In turn, this song was included on the EP version of Raitt\u2019s 2000 single of \"The Fundamental Things\" taken from her 1998 album \"Fundamental\". It was also included in 2003\u2019s greatest hits compilation \"The Best of Bonnie Raitt\". Live versions also appeared on 1995\u2019s \"Road Tested\" and 2006\u2019s \"Bonnie Raitt and Friends\". Anne Murray wanted to record this song in 1986, but her producers did not think it would be a hit. She still called the album that she released that year \"Something to Talk About\" even though it did not include this song. The video for the song was directed by Matt Mahurin. It features Raitt with two guitarists performing the song at a community event, while scenes showing older couples dancing, people in silly wardrobe acting goofy for a film crew, and many people in a swimming pool. The song was popular on multiple formats of radio: it peaked at number 5 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart, number 12 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock chart, and number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Slipstream (Bonnie Raitt album) Slipstream is the sixteenth studio album by Bonnie Raitt, released in April 2012. \" American Songwriter Magazine\" praised it as \"her best album in years and one of the best of her 40-year career.\" Two singles were released from the album, a cover of Gerry Rafferty's \"Right Down the Line\", and \"Used to Rule the World\", both of which charted on the Billboard Triple A chart. The album also spawned a highly successful concert tour. The Slipstream Tour was the 82nd best-selling American tour of 2012 earning 11.3 million dollars and selling 201,313 tickets. The album was listed at No. 22 on Rolling Stone's list of the top 50 albums of 2012, saying \"As young stars like Adele and Katy Perry cover her songs, Raitt continues what she\u2019s been doing, more or less, for 40-plus years.\" The album won for the Grammy Award for Best Americana Album at the 2013 Grammy Awards. Debuting at No. 6 on the Billboard 200, \"Slipstream\" became Raitt's highest-charting album in 18 years. It also debuted at No. 1 on both the Rock Albums and Blues Albums charts. selling around 63,000 copies. The album has sold 334,000 album in the US as of January 2016. \"Slipstream\" became the 106th best-selling album and 9th best-selling independent album in the United States in 2012. \"Slipstream\" was also the best-selling Blues album of 2012, and Bonnie Raitt was the best-selling Blues artist of 2012. Singles - Billboard (North America)"], "answer": {"text": "At Capitol, after nearly 20 years, Raitt achieved belated commercial success with her tenth album, Nick of Time.", "answer_start": 194}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_23e15fc5fe1e4e0586793d39ad0852fd_0_q#1", "question": "What year was this?", "rewrite": "What year was the album Nick of Time?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Introvert-intuitive participants were \"more\" likely to accept both accurate and inaccurate postevent information than extrovert-sensate participants. Therefore, it was speculated that introverts are more likely to have lower confidence in their memory and are more likely to accept misinformation. Individual personality characteristics, including empathy, absorption and self-monitoring, have also been linked to greater susceptibility. The misinformation effect has been examined in individuals with varying imagery abilities. Participants viewed a filmed event followed by descriptive statements of the events in a traditional three-stage misinformation paradigm. Participants with higher imagery abilities were more susceptible to the misinformation effect than those with lower abilities. The psychologists argued that participants with higher imagery abilities were more likely to form vivid images of the misleading information at encoding or at retrieval, therefore increasing susceptibility. Individuals may not be actively rehearsing the details of a given event after encoding. The longer the delay between the presentation of the original event and post-event information, the more likely it is that individuals will incorporate misinformation into their final reports. Furthermore, more time to study the original event leads to lower susceptibility to the misinformation effect, due to increased rehearsal time. Elizabeth Loftus coined the term discrepancy detection principle for her observation that a person\u00b4s recollections are more likely to change, if they do not immediately detect the discrepancies between misinformation and the original event. At times people recognize a discrepancy between their memory and what they are being told. People might recollect, \"I thought I saw a stop sign, but the new information mentions a yield sign, I guess I must be wrong, it was a yield sign. \"", "Nick the Knife Nick the Knife is the third solo album by Nick Lowe, released in 1982 and his first since the 1981 breakup of his band Rockpile. The record still has several ties to Rockpile with Lowe's former bandmates Billy Bremner and Terry Williams both playing on the album. The album includes Lowe's slower remake of the Rockpile song \"Heart\"; the original version can be found on the band's album \"Seconds of Pleasure\", sung by Bremner. \"Nick the Knife\" reached #50 on the \"Billboard\" 200, and #99 on the UK album charts. No singles from the album made the US or UK charts, although in Canada \"Stick It Where The Sun Don't Shine\" hit the top 40. \"Nick the Knife\" is notable for being one of only two Lowe solo albums with no cover versions, including only songs written or co-written by Lowe, the other album being his 1990 \"Party of One\". A 1990 CD of the album was issued on Demon Records with the catalog number FIEND CD 183. The album was reissued by Yep Roc Records in 2017. All tracks composed by Nick Lowe except where noted. Bonus tracks from 2017 YepRoc reissue: Three songs from the album were released as singles: Live versions recorded by Nick Lowe and His Noise To Go, February 10, 1982 at the Agora Ballroom, Cleveland, Ohio In 2015, Justin Remer of Elastic No-No Band recorded covers of all 12 tracks on \"Nick the Knife\" with his side project Duck the Piano Wire and released it as the album \"Duck the Knife: A Homemade Remake of Nick Lowe's \"Nick the Knife.\" \"", "Nick Pynn Nick Pynn (born 17 November 1962) is a British musician and composer noted for his use of bass pedals and live looping with electroacoustic stringed instruments. He has been described as an \u2018avant folk\u2019 artist, whose early interests were in world folk and experimental music. Having made many of the instruments he still uses, Nick Pynn started his musical career in the mid-80s with the Leigh-on-Sea 'soil music' barn-dance band, The Famous Potatoes. He played fiddle, banjo, mandolin, mandocello and viola on their albums, \"The Sound of the Ground\", \"It Was Good for My Old Mother\", and \"Born in a Barn.\" Pynn joined Steve Harley in 1990 on acoustic guitar and fiddle, taking the lead guitar role in 1996. The 'Stripped to the Bare Bones' tour of 1998 with Pynn accompanying Harley on mandocello, dulcimer, acoustic guitar and violin was released on CD :\"Stripped to the Bare Bones\" from the Jazz Caf\u00e9, London, and the two-man show received a 5 star review at the Edinburgh Festival. The success of these led to Harley and Pynn playing over a hundred dates in 1998, performing under the explanatory tour-title \"Stripped to the Bare Bones\". Pynn\u2019s debut solo CD on the Roundhill label In Mirrored Sky (1995) is a collection of autumnal pieces, and features bass player Herbie Flowers and Adrian Oxaal of James on cello. Flowers introduced Pynn to Richard Durrant, which led to the joint album Nick and Dick (1997). In 2000 Nick joined the new acoustic version of The Crazy World of Arthur Brown. Pynn contributes most of the instrumentation and arrangements on the 2007 release The Voice of Love", "After the death of Donald Schanke in a plane accident, Nick is teamed up with Tracy Vetter, a recently promoted and capable detective who is often willing to take risks in order to prove herself. Like Schanke, Vetter was unaware that Nick was a vampire, but she was aware of the existence of vampires, having become friends with Javier Vachon, a member of the Toronto vampire community who was acquainted with Nick. Nick knew of Vetter's knowledge of both Vachon and vampires, but refused to reveal his own vampiric nature to her. In the last half of the final season, Nick began to lose ground in his quest for humanity. Natalie, who was developing strong romantic feelings for Nick grew impatient at Nick's lack of progress. On one night, Nick tried to hypnotize a suspect, but the trance was broken and a firefight occurred. The suspect shot Nick, but the bullets went through him and hit Tracy instead. Nick killed the suspect while displayed his vampire features, to a shocked Tracy who displayed disappointment that Nick never trusted her with this secret. Tracy is rushed to the hospital, but she was in critical condition and Nick considered turning her into a vampire, feeling guilty for what happened. Natalie chastises Nick for being willing to bring Tracy over, while he always refused her. Nick decides against, and Tracy dies from her wounds. In the same evening, Nick stops by The Raven to find LaCroix closing the club, explaining it was time for him to move on as the investigation of the night's event will expose him as a vampire, and will leave Toronto with or without Nick. Nick wishes to move on, but Natalie doesn't want him to leave and insists that Nick bring her across. Nick reluctantly agrees. Nick however tries to become human by drinking Natalie's blood, as Janette did.", "The Kelley Deal 6000 The Kelley Deal 6000 was an alternative rock band formed in Saint Paul, Minnesota and was active between 1995 and 1997. They were formed by Kelley Deal in 1995, while her main band The Breeders was on hiatus and after she had just completed a stint in rehab. The band released two albums in 1995 and 1997, before Kelley went back to rejoin The Breeders the following year. The band was formed in 1995 by Kelley Deal, lead guitarist of The Breeders, after she left drug rehab in St. Paul, Minnesota. The band's original line-up included Kelley on guitar and vocals, Marty Nedich on bass, Steve Salett on guitar, and Nick Hook on drums. The band's first album, \"Go To The Sugar Altar\", was funded by Deal and released on her own label, Nice Records. After the release, the band toured the US and Europe, changing their guitarist to Todd Mund during the tour. In February 1997, the band worked on their second album, \"Boom! Boom! Boom!\". For the new album Nick Hook was replaced by Todd Johnson. The album was released in August 1997. After touring the album the band went on hiatus, with Deal becoming a full-time member of her sister's band The Breeders."], "answer": {"text": "spring of 1989,", "answer_start": 323}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Bonnie Raitt get her commercial breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "At Capitol, after nearly 20 years, Raitt achieved belated commercial success with her tenth album, Nick of Time.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23e15fc5fe1e4e0586793d39ad0852fd_0_q#2", "question": "Was this album a successful one?", "rewrite": "Was the album Nick of Time a successful one?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Introvert-intuitive participants were \"more\" likely to accept both accurate and inaccurate postevent information than extrovert-sensate participants. Therefore, it was speculated that introverts are more likely to have lower confidence in their memory and are more likely to accept misinformation. Individual personality characteristics, including empathy, absorption and self-monitoring, have also been linked to greater susceptibility. The misinformation effect has been examined in individuals with varying imagery abilities. Participants viewed a filmed event followed by descriptive statements of the events in a traditional three-stage misinformation paradigm. Participants with higher imagery abilities were more susceptible to the misinformation effect than those with lower abilities. The psychologists argued that participants with higher imagery abilities were more likely to form vivid images of the misleading information at encoding or at retrieval, therefore increasing susceptibility. Individuals may not be actively rehearsing the details of a given event after encoding. The longer the delay between the presentation of the original event and post-event information, the more likely it is that individuals will incorporate misinformation into their final reports. Furthermore, more time to study the original event leads to lower susceptibility to the misinformation effect, due to increased rehearsal time. Elizabeth Loftus coined the term discrepancy detection principle for her observation that a person\u00b4s recollections are more likely to change, if they do not immediately detect the discrepancies between misinformation and the original event. At times people recognize a discrepancy between their memory and what they are being told. People might recollect, \"I thought I saw a stop sign, but the new information mentions a yield sign, I guess I must be wrong, it was a yield sign. \"", "The Kelley Deal 6000 The Kelley Deal 6000 was an alternative rock band formed in Saint Paul, Minnesota and was active between 1995 and 1997. They were formed by Kelley Deal in 1995, while her main band The Breeders was on hiatus and after she had just completed a stint in rehab. The band released two albums in 1995 and 1997, before Kelley went back to rejoin The Breeders the following year. The band was formed in 1995 by Kelley Deal, lead guitarist of The Breeders, after she left drug rehab in St. Paul, Minnesota. The band's original line-up included Kelley on guitar and vocals, Marty Nedich on bass, Steve Salett on guitar, and Nick Hook on drums. The band's first album, \"Go To The Sugar Altar\", was funded by Deal and released on her own label, Nice Records. After the release, the band toured the US and Europe, changing their guitarist to Todd Mund during the tour. In February 1997, the band worked on their second album, \"Boom! Boom! Boom!\". For the new album Nick Hook was replaced by Todd Johnson. The album was released in August 1997. After touring the album the band went on hiatus, with Deal becoming a full-time member of her sister's band The Breeders.", "ALMS team Corsa Motorsports entered a hybrid version of the GZ09S at the 2009 Northeast Grand Prix, the first time a hybrid car had ever been run in the series. The hybrid's debut proved to be a successful one: the team finished third overall, running reliably throughout the race, to the surprise of its drivers Johnny Mowlem and Stefan Johansson. Corsa Motorsports entered four other events that season, with the team being the only ALMS team to utilize the GZ09S. The list of Ginetta-Zyteks was further expanded when former Formula 1 world champion Nigel Mansell announced he was entering the 1000 km of Silverstone, the final race of the 2009 LMS season. It would not prove to be a successful event for Mansell, as his team finished 28th overall, last of the LMP1 cars to be classified. For 2010, Beechdean-Mansell Motorsport and LNT were the only teams to enter the GZ09S in the Le Mans Series. Mansell took a class victory, and seventh overall, at the 1000 km of Hungaroring, a race notable for the top six places being filled solely with LMP2 cars, due to the top category's entrants (including the Mansell team) experiencing a variety of misfortunes. Mansell, partnered by his sons Leo and Greg, was the only GZ09S entry in the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans, with Nigel making his debut at the event. It would not, however, prove to be a successful one: Nigel lasted just 17 minutes, before a puncture caused him to crash heavily at Mulsanne corner, and the first father-and-son team in Le Mans history was forced to withdraw. The team folded soon after the end of the season.", "In 2012 Nick decided to leave Fylde on what was initially thought to be a temporary (but financially lucrative) deal to play for the Vale of Lune, a local side which played three divisions below Fylde. While at the Vale of Lune, Nick broke the club's season try scoring record of 36 set by former player Mark Nelson (got who was also Nick's coach at Fylde) with 38 league tries during the 2013-14 season. While at Vale of Lune, Nick was also called up to the Lancashire county rugby side, with whom he helped win the 2013 Bill Beaumont Cup (his third successive cup victory for his county), scoring 2 tries as Lancashire defeated Cornwall at the final held at Twickenham, and finishing the tournaments top try scorer with 5. Ultimately, Nick's try scoring exploits could not gain promotion for the club and he returned to national rugby with Caldy for the 2014-15 season, playing in National League 2 North (tier 4). Nick finished the 2015-16 season as the division's top try scorer with 25 tries, also becoming the divisions all-time top try scorer. The 2016-17 season was an extremely successful one for Nick and his club, as he contributed 32 tries to finish once again as the top try scorer in the division for a record breaking 3rd time, and Caldy were promoted to National League 1 as champions - the highest level the club has reached. The next season he scored 19 tries in National League 1 as Caldy finished their first season in the new division in a respectable 11th place. Although he had a good second season individually, his tries (20 in all) were not enough to keep Caldy up and they were relegated at the end of 2018-19. Royle is also a keen metal detectorist. National League 2 North Fylde Vale of Lune  Caldy Lancashire", "Nick Pynn Nick Pynn (born 17 November 1962) is a British musician and composer noted for his use of bass pedals and live looping with electroacoustic stringed instruments. He has been described as an \u2018avant folk\u2019 artist, whose early interests were in world folk and experimental music. Having made many of the instruments he still uses, Nick Pynn started his musical career in the mid-80s with the Leigh-on-Sea 'soil music' barn-dance band, The Famous Potatoes. He played fiddle, banjo, mandolin, mandocello and viola on their albums, \"The Sound of the Ground\", \"It Was Good for My Old Mother\", and \"Born in a Barn.\" Pynn joined Steve Harley in 1990 on acoustic guitar and fiddle, taking the lead guitar role in 1996. The 'Stripped to the Bare Bones' tour of 1998 with Pynn accompanying Harley on mandocello, dulcimer, acoustic guitar and violin was released on CD :\"Stripped to the Bare Bones\" from the Jazz Caf\u00e9, London, and the two-man show received a 5 star review at the Edinburgh Festival. The success of these led to Harley and Pynn playing over a hundred dates in 1998, performing under the explanatory tour-title \"Stripped to the Bare Bones\". Pynn\u2019s debut solo CD on the Roundhill label In Mirrored Sky (1995) is a collection of autumnal pieces, and features bass player Herbie Flowers and Adrian Oxaal of James on cello. Flowers introduced Pynn to Richard Durrant, which led to the joint album Nick and Dick (1997). In 2000 Nick joined the new acoustic version of The Crazy World of Arthur Brown. Pynn contributes most of the instrumentation and arrangements on the 2007 release The Voice of Love"], "answer": {"text": "Nick of Time went to the top of the U.S. charts following Raitt's Grammy sweep in early 1990.", "answer_start": 339}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Bonnie Raitt get her commercial breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "At Capitol, after nearly 20 years, Raitt achieved belated commercial success with her tenth album, Nick of Time.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this?", "answer": {"text": "spring of 1989,", "answer_start": 323, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23e15fc5fe1e4e0586793d39ad0852fd_0_q#3", "question": "Did Raitt receive any more Grammy's?", "rewrite": "Did Raitt receive any more Grammy's besides the ones for Nick of Time?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["After working with Was on the Stay Awake album, Raitt's management, Gold Mountain, approached numerous labels about a new record deal, and she was signed to Capitol by a&r executive Tim Devine. At Capitol, after nearly 20 years, Raitt achieved belated commercial success with her tenth album, Nick of Time. Released in the spring of 1989, Nick of Time went to the top of the U.S. charts following Raitt's Grammy sweep in early 1990. This album has been voted number 230 in the Rolling Stone list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Raitt herself pointed out that her 10th try was \"my first sober album.\" At the same time, Raitt received a fourth Grammy Award for her duet \"In the Mood\" with John Lee Hooker on his album The Healer. Nick of Time was also the first of many of her recordings to feature her longtime rhythm section of Ricky Fataar and James \"Hutch\" Hutchinson (Although previously Fataar had played on her Green Light album and Hutchinson had worked on Nine Lives), both of whom record and tour with her to this day. Nick of Time has sold over six million copies in the US alone. Raitt followed up this success with three more Grammy Awards for her 1991 album Luck of the Draw which sold nearly 8 million copies in the United States. Three years later, in 1994, she added two more Grammys with her album Longing in Their Hearts, her second no. 1 album. Both of these albums were multi-platinum successes. Raitt's collaboration with Was would amicably come to an end with 1995's live release, Road Tested. Released to solid reviews, it sold well enough to be certified gold. \"Rock Steady\" was a hit written by Bryan Adams and Gretchen Peters in 1995.", "Nick of Time (album) Nick of Time is the 10th album by the American singer Bonnie Raitt, released on March 21, 1989. A commercial breakthrough after years of personal and professional struggles , \"Nick of Time\" topped the \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling five million copies, and won three Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, which was presented to Raitt and producer Don Was. In 2003, the album was ranked number 230 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. The album was also included in the book \"1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die\". In 1983, Bonnie Raitt was dropped from Warner Bros. Records for not selling enough copies of her two previous albums, \"The Glow\" (1979) and \"Green Light\" (1982). This decision came just one day after she had finished rerecording her upcoming album, titled \"Tongue in Groove\". Two years later, Raitt's affair with producer Rob Fraboni came to an end, and she was forced to dissolve her backing band as she could no longer afford to pay them. In addition to these personal problems, Warner Bros. announced they would release \"Tongue in Groove\" in 1986, now titled \"Nine Lives\". This upset Raitt, as she now had to promote an album that she no longer had full control over. Raitt began to suffer from depression, and tried to distract herself with excessive eating, drinking, and partying. When asked about this period in her life, Raitt said: \"I wasn't kicking and screaming into dementia, but I did have a complete emotional, physical, and spiritual breakdown.\" After the release of \"Nine Lives\", Raitt went on a concert tour. Pop star Prince was a fan of Raitt, and attended her performance at the Beverly Theater in Los Angeles.", "While completing her dissertation, Raitt took a teaching position at the University of California-Riverside in 1969, where she taught for four years. In 1973, Raitt joined the faculty of Duke Divinity School in Durham, North Carolina, as an associate professor; she taught at Duke until 1981. She was the first woman on the school\u2019s faculty. Her mother lived with her in Durham. To aid students in their effort to make Duke Divinity more inclusive of women, Raitt donated her office to start the school\u2019s Women\u2019s Center. In August 1975, Raitt moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts to spend a year as a National Endowment for the Humanities fellow and a Fellow of the Radcliffe Institute. While in Cambridge, Raitt was diagnosed with breast cancer. After a year in Cambridge, Raitt returned to Durham in May 1975, where she underwent two years of chemotherapy. The treatment was successful in eliminating her breast cancer. In 1977, she was granted tenure, making her the first woman to receive tenure at Duke Divinity School. In 1981, Raitt was invited by the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri to found a Department of Religious Studies. That same year the Divinity School of the University of Chicago named Raitt Alumna of the Year. After establishing a successful department, Raitt taught full-time at the University of Missouri from 1981 to 2001, and, after retirement, part-time from 2002 to 2008. In 2008, she began a three-year term at Fontbonne University (in St. Louis) as the CSJ endowed chair in Catholic thought, followed by an appointment as visiting professor at St. Louis University. She returned to the University of Missouri as a part-time visiting professor in 2013. In 1972, Raitt was elected the National Secretary of the American Academy of Religion, a position she held for three years.", "Jill Raitt Jill Raitt was the first woman to receive tenure at Duke University's Divinity School faculty. She has been influential in the increasing acceptance of women in professional ministerial positions. Jill Raitt was born on May 1, 1931 in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of Neysa Atherton Raitt and Arthur Taylor Raitt. She grew up with one older brother, Richard Arthur Raitt. As a child, Raitt enjoyed adventure and time spent outside. While working on a cattle ranch during high school, she developed an attachment to horses and farms that would follow her into adulthood. After graduating from Santa Monica High School as Salutatorian in 1949, Raitt began her first year at Radcliffe College where she studied Latin and English. After her sophomore year, Raitt worked as a nanny and studied in Rome for nine months. In Rome she attended the General Historicum of the Society of Jesus where she studied philosophy and theology under the guidance of Father E.J. Burrus. During this time Raitt felt called to join the Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Upon returning from Rome, Raitt transferred from Radcliffe College to San Francisco College for Women, run by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, where she studied philosophy, graduating in 1953. After graduation, Raitt joined the Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and spent eleven years in the cloister. During these eleven years, she lived in upstate New York, California, and Rome. In the summer of 1964, after leaving religious life, Raitt enrolled at Marquette University to continue her theological education. She primarily dedicated her research to medieval and reformation theology, completing her masters in Theology in 1965. She then entered the University of Chicago Divinity School. Raitt was among the first Roman Catholics to enroll in the Divinity School. She received her PhD in Theology from the University of Chicago in 1970.", "Luck of the Draw (album) Luck of the Draw is the eleventh album by Bonnie Raitt, released in 1991. After being nominated for Grammy awards in four different categories for the album \"Nick of Time\", Raitt went for a creative retreat in Northern California to begin work on \"Luck of the Draw\". \"I did it on purpose to see if I could come up with anything,\" Raitt said in 1991. \"In case I won, I wanted to make sure that I had done some writing and didn't feel that \"Nick of Time\" was a fluke. I didn't want to win just 'cause I quit drinking and spent twenty years not making any money, you know? There wasn't enough. So I basically forced myself to go to songwriting boot camp. There were three of four days when it didn't happen \u2014 but because I didn't have alcohol or unhappiness or anything to get in the way, it started to open up and I started three of the four songs of mine that are on this album. And then it didn't matter if I won or not, because I had proved to myself that it was okay. \" The album surpassed \"Nick of Time\"s commercial success, having sold seven million copies in the United States alone by 2010, and was supported by a 180-date tour from 1991 to 1993. It replicated much of her U.S. success overseas as well, selling two million in France and Italy . It remains Raitt's biggest-selling recording to date. In the liner notes, Raitt dedicated this album to blues guitarist Stevie Ray Vaughan, who died in 1990 and had encouraged her to stop abusing alcohol, writing: \"still burning bright\". Grammy Awards"], "answer": {"text": "Raitt received a fourth Grammy Award for her duet \"In the Mood\" with John Lee Hooker on his album The Healer.", "answer_start": 622}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Bonnie Raitt get her commercial breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "At Capitol, after nearly 20 years, Raitt achieved belated commercial success with her tenth album, Nick of Time.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this?", "answer": {"text": "spring of 1989,", "answer_start": 323, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album a successful one?", "answer": {"text": "Nick of Time went to the top of the U.S. charts following Raitt's Grammy sweep in early 1990.", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_23e15fc5fe1e4e0586793d39ad0852fd_0_q#4", "question": "How did her album do in sales?", "rewrite": "How did Bonnie Rait's album Nick of Time do in sales?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrew de Rait Sir Andrew de Rait of Rait (born c.1280) was a 13th-14th century Scottish noble. Andrew de Rait was the younger brother of Gervase de Rait, Constable of Invernairn. Andrew was Constable of Nairn Castle in 1296. He appears on the 1296 Ragman Roll giving homage to King Edward I of England. He succeeded to his brother's estates and titles in 1297. Arms: Argent, a cross indented Gules After Edward I sacked Berwick in March 1296 and the Scottish king John Balliol abdicated the following July, Edward held a parliament at Berwick on 28 August to receive the submission of the Scottish barons and clerics. Sir Andrew de Rait and his older brother, Gervaise, paid homage for Nairnshire. Sir Andrew supported Edward in 1297 when Sir Andrew Moray launched an assault against Urquhart Castle, then under English control. He apparently went north with those sent by Edward to put down Moray\u2019s revolt under the leadership of Henry le Chen, Bishop of Aberdeen; John Comyn, Earl of Buchan; and Gartnait of Mar, son and heir of the Earl of Mar. Although Edward\u2019s contingent met with Moray near the River Spey on 7 July, they did not seize him, blaming the difficulties of the terrain for preventing further pursuit. Andrew de Rait was selected to bear the bishop\u2019s letter of explanation to King Edward: In Launoy upon-the-Spey on the Tuesday before the feast of St. Mary Magdalene, there met us Andrew de Murray with a large body of rogues, the number of which Sir Andrew de Raite, your bachelor, can show you according to what he heard from the people of their company.", "On October 23, 2009, \"I Can't Make You Love Me\" was announced as \"Love\"'s lead-single. The song was later released on October 27, 2009 through iTunes store. For the band members, \"We wanted to stay true to our roots, and it's a very beautiful song. And with our sound, we gave it an R&B twist. It's always been a favorite of ours, and we hope people will fall in love with it again.\" A writer for \"Soul Bounce\" wrote that \"The biggest surprise on this album is the bluesy interpretation of Bonnie Rait's country hit, 'I Can't Make You Love Me.' Starting with strong lyrics and a deep fried instrumental, the Boyz make this song their own with their unique flow providing good contrast to a familiar melodic line.\" \"Los Angeles Theatre\" called it an \"impassioned\" performance. On the charts, the song performed very modestly, reaching number 75 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. In 2011, English singer Adele covered \" I Can't Make You Love Me\" for her first live album, \"Live at the Royal Albert Hall\" (2011). The song was acclaimed by music critics, who praised Adele's delivery and vocals. The song has charted on the UK Singles Chart, reaching the top-forty, although it was never released as a single. In addition to receiving positive reviews from music critics, Adele's second album \"21\" became one of the most successful albums of the 2010s, being the biggest selling musical release for both 2011 and 2012 and entering the \"Guinness World Records\". While promoting the album and its third single, \"Set Fire to the Rain\", Adele performed on the iTunes Festival London 2011.", "39th Annual Grammy Awards The 39th Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 26, 1997, at Madison Square Garden, New York City. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the previous year. Babyface was the night's biggest winner, with 4 awards. Celine Dion and Toni Braxton won two awards. Celine Dion for \"Best Pop Album\" and \"Album of the Year\" and Toni Braxton for \"Best Female R&B Vocal Performance\" and \"Best Female Pop Vocal Performance\". The show was hosted by Ellen Degeneres who also performed the opening with Shawn Colvin, Bonnie Rait, and Chaka Khan.", "Rait Castle Rait Castle is a ruined hall-house castle dating from the thirteenth century, situated just south of Nairn near Inverness, Scotland. It is a scheduled ancient monument. The remains of the courtyard walls are nine feet high and also contain the remains of the Chapel of St Mary of Rait. The building was a two story building, measuring 20 metres by 10 metres. It had an unvaulted basement and an upper hall. The hall was entered from the outside and was protected by a portcullis and a drawbar. The walls of the castle are nearly 6 feet thick. A tower projects from one corner of the castle and there is a garderobe tower on the west side that projects nearly 13 feet. The castle was originally a property of the Comyn family, who took the name of de Rait. Sir Alexander Rait killed the third Thane of Cawdor (chief of Clan Calder), and then fled south where he married the heiress of Hallgreen. The castle later passed from the de Raits to the Mackintosh family and then to the Campbell family. In 1442, when the castle passed to the Mackintoshes from the de Rait family, a feast was held at the castle between the two families which ended in the slaughter of most of the Comyns and de Raits. The laird blamed his daughter who he chased around the castle. She climbed out of a window but he chopped off her hands and she fell to her death. The castle is said to be haunted by her ghost, with no hands. The Duke of Cumberland is said to have stayed at the castle before the Battle of Culloden in 1746, although the last recorded reference to the castle was in 1596. American singer Bonnie Raitt is a descendant of the Rait clan, and visited Rait Castle in 1990.", "Rita Rait-Kovaleva Rita Yakovlevna Rait-Kovaleva, born Chernomordik (19 April 1898 \u2013 29 December 1989) was a Soviet literary translator and writer, particularly known for her translations of J. D. Salinger and Kurt Vonnegut into Russian. Rait-Kovaleva's translation of \"The Catcher in the Rye\" (as \"Over the Abyss in Rye\") achieved initial popularity amid novel's success among Soviet readers during Khrushchev Thaw. Rait-Kovaleva received the Order of Friendship of Peoples and the Thornton Wilder Prize from the Columbia University's Translation Center. Born into a Jewish family in the village of Petrushevo, Kherson Oblast, then in Russian Empire, Rait-Kovaleva graduated from the medical faculty of the Moscow University in 1924. She initially worked in medical institutions, but at the same time began a literary activity in 1920 by translating Mayakovski's \"Mystery-Bouffe\" into English. Rait-Kovaleva then started to teach English in the Military and Technology Academy in Leningrad. In 1938, Rait-Kovaleva became a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR. In 1959, Rait-Kovaleva authored a book about Robert Burns. She also published memoirs about Anna Akhmatova, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov and Boris Pasternak."], "answer": {"text": "Nick of Time has sold over six million copies in the US alone.", "answer_start": 1031}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Bonnie Raitt get her commercial breakthrough?", "answer": {"text": "At Capitol, after nearly 20 years, Raitt achieved belated commercial success with her tenth album, Nick of Time.", "answer_start": 194, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year was this?", "answer": {"text": "spring of 1989,", "answer_start": 323, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this album a successful one?", "answer": {"text": "Nick of Time went to the top of the U.S. charts following Raitt's Grammy sweep in early 1990.", "answer_start": 339, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Raitt receive any more Grammy's?", "answer": {"text": "Raitt received a fourth Grammy Award for her duet \"In the Mood\" with John Lee Hooker on his album The Healer.", "answer_start": 622, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_0_q#0", "question": "What is unique about Courtney Love's musical style?", "rewrite": "What is unique about Courtney Love's musical style?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kurt &amp; Courtney  Kurt & Courtney is a 1998 documentary film by Nick Broomfield investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of Kurt Cobain, and allegations of Courtney Love's involvement in it. The documentary begins as an investigation of the circumstances surrounding Cobain's death and the theories which sprung up afterwards. Cobain was legally declared to have committed suicide but has been alleged by some who worked on the case, to have been murdered, in some allegations at Courtney Love's instigation. As Broomfield investigates the claims surrounding Cobain's death, his emphasis moves from the murder theories and onto an investigation of Love herself, including an accusation that she supports the suppression of free speech, and her fame after Cobain's death. The film was due to play the Sundance Film Festival but Love threatened to sue the festival's organizers if they screened the film. Broomfield removed all of Nirvana's music and replaced it with music from bands mainly from the Seattle area. However, when shown on the BBC, the film contained Nirvana's 1991 performance of \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" from \"Top of the Pops\". While the initial focus of the film was to explore the possible murder of Cobain, Courtney Love's refusal to license any of Cobain's music and her unwillingness to speak on camera was used by Broomfield as evidence of her censorship of free speech. Because of Love's refusal to license Nirvana's music for the project, Nick Broomfield was forced to use various other bands from the Pacific Northwest. Notable amongst these were Zeke, the Dwarves, Rozz Rezabek and the Theater of Sheep, and Earth. The film begins with a recap of Cobain's death and the media coverage which followed. Broomfield then interviews Cobain's aunt Mari who helped his love for music when he was a child.", "In \"The Village Voice\", Robert Christgau noted the album's less caustic sound but praised Love's songwriting: \"Punk aesthetic or no punk aesthetic, Courtney Love's songs wouldn't be compromised and might be deepened by steeper momentum and more articulate guitar noise. But they prevail anyway. Their focus is sexual exploitation, and not just by the media, evil straights, and male predators of every cultural orientation. She's also exploited by Courtney Love, and not only does she know it , she thinks about it.\" \"Musician Magazine\" wrote, \"[Kurt] Cobain's much-discussed, little heard other half finally gets the chance to escape gossip-column purgatory and succeeds with flying colors... Courtney Love's foul, funny eloquence...cuts through all the bullshit with a mighty flourish. \" This sentiment was reassessed in a 2008 BBC review of the album, which stated, \"In 1994 and the years that followed, tragedy and controversy seemed to overshadow everything Courtney Love touched. Thankfully, with every year that passes, it becomes easier to put the record's emotional baggage to one side and appraise it on the strength of its songs.\" \"Since \"Pretty on the Inside\", Courtney has learnt the art of writing a decent pop hook,\" observed \"Select\"'s Clark Collis. \" Disgorging your cathartic trauma in the studio is an admirable pastime but, if you really want to compete with Corgan, Vedder or even 'im indoors, then the Top 40 is still where it's at.\" \"Spin\" reviewed \"", "The Return of Courtney Love The Return of Courtney Love is a 2006 documentary film by Will Yapp documenting the progression of musician Courtney Love's second studio album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\", as well as her recovery from drug addiction. The documentary was first broadcast on More4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 26 September 2006. The documentary begins with director Will Yapp arriving at Courtney Love's rented home in Beverly Hills, California in March 2006 to find her chanting with friends in her living room \u2014 a routine, as Love practices Nichiren Buddhism. Love goes on to explain her religious and spiritual experiences. The next focus of the documentary is Love's ill-fated 2004 solo debut, \"America's Sweetheart\". Co-writer and partial producer , Linda Perry \u2014 also a friend of Love's \u2014 explains the circumstances surrounding the album's recording, citing Love's drug abuse as the reason for the album's ruin. As well as this, Perry and Love's friend Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins state that the reason for the album's critical and commercial failure was Love's public image, which at the time was plagued by constant court appearances and an infamous appearance on Pamela Anderson's \"Comedy Roast\". After Love's recent background is explained, the documentary focuses on the recording of her then-upcoming solo second album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\". As Love and her solo band perform a rehearsal version of the title track, Love explains the album's songs, calling them \"all acerbic [...] none of them are tender love songs or very nice. They're all songs about disaster.\" Love also explains her motivation for the album.", "Tracks 1, 5, 13, 14 & 15 produced by Linda Perry & Damon Elliott Tracks 4, 9, 10 & 11 produced by Linda Perry  Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry & Pink  Track 11 written by Linda Perry Track 12, 13 & 19 written by Christina Aguilera & Linda Perry Produced by Linda Perry \"Make Over written by Linda Perry, Christina Aguilera, Jonathan Lipsey, Felix Howard, Cameron McVey & Paul Simm (ASCAP, 2003) \"  Written by Linda Perry, Solange Knowles & Rockwilder in middle of 2002 Written by Linda Perry, Louise Burns, Tasha-Ray Evin & Lacey-Lee Evin Produced by Linda Perry Written by Gina Gershon & Linda Perry Original Score composed by Gina Gershon, Cheri Lovedog & Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Keisha Buchanan, Mutya Buena & Heidi Range Produced by Linda Perry Tracks 6 & 9 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 7 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MaCleod Produced by Linda Perry Track 2 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 3 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MacLeod Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Natina Reed, Shamari Fears & Brandi Williams Produced by Linda Perry \"Never officially released\"  Track 1 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Larry Schemel Tracks 4, 7, 9, 10 & 12 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 5 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel, Jerry Best & Chris Whitemeyer Track 8 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Bernie Taupin, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 11 written by Courtney Love & Linda Perry \"Zeplin Song written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry & Samantha Maloney (ASCAP, 2006)", "Billy Corgan impressed the production staff by doing strong impersonations of Homer and Marge, though it was decided to not have him use them in the episode. Pearl Jam was asked to appear in the episode but declined. Originally, Courtney Love and Hole were wanted for this episode, but they declined. According to the DVD commentary an unnamed group had said that if Courtney Love were in the episode, they would not be. An \"Entertainment Weekly\" article revealed that the group was Sonic Youth. It was thought that Love would appear in the episode because she had recently done a film with James L. Brooks, but she never responded to the request. Love was wanted specifically for one joke which would be in an exchange between her and Homer: Courtney Love: Hi Homer! I'm a big fan, Courtney Love. Homer: Homer Grateful! However, she did not appear and the joke was reworded for Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins: Billy Corgan: Billy Corgan, Smashing Pumpkins. Homer: Homer Simpson, smiling politely. The flashback where Homer meets the guys in the van is based on the film \"Dazed and Confused\". Several of the scenes where Homer is hit with a cannonball are based on famous stock footage of Frank \"Cannonball\" Richards being hit with a cannonball, as is the entire concept of a \"cannonball catcher\". Otto's drug-induced hallucination of his \"talking shoes\" is based on the opening of the album version of the song \"1999\" by Prince. Homer's walk in one scene parodies the walk in the \"Keep on Truckin'\" comic that was drawn by Robert Crumb. In its original broadcast, \"Homerpalooza\" finished 57th in ratings for the week of May 13\u201319, 1996, with a Nielsen rating of 7.8, equivalent to approximately 7.5 million viewing households."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_0_q#1", "question": "What are her songs about?", "rewrite": "What are Courtney Love songs about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In \"The Village Voice\", Robert Christgau noted the album's less caustic sound but praised Love's songwriting: \"Punk aesthetic or no punk aesthetic, Courtney Love's songs wouldn't be compromised and might be deepened by steeper momentum and more articulate guitar noise. But they prevail anyway. Their focus is sexual exploitation, and not just by the media, evil straights, and male predators of every cultural orientation. She's also exploited by Courtney Love, and not only does she know it , she thinks about it.\" \"Musician Magazine\" wrote, \"[Kurt] Cobain's much-discussed, little heard other half finally gets the chance to escape gossip-column purgatory and succeeds with flying colors... Courtney Love's foul, funny eloquence...cuts through all the bullshit with a mighty flourish. \" This sentiment was reassessed in a 2008 BBC review of the album, which stated, \"In 1994 and the years that followed, tragedy and controversy seemed to overshadow everything Courtney Love touched. Thankfully, with every year that passes, it becomes easier to put the record's emotional baggage to one side and appraise it on the strength of its songs.\" \"Since \"Pretty on the Inside\", Courtney has learnt the art of writing a decent pop hook,\" observed \"Select\"'s Clark Collis. \" Disgorging your cathartic trauma in the studio is an admirable pastime but, if you really want to compete with Corgan, Vedder or even 'im indoors, then the Top 40 is still where it's at.\" \"Spin\" reviewed \"", "Billy Corgan impressed the production staff by doing strong impersonations of Homer and Marge, though it was decided to not have him use them in the episode. Pearl Jam was asked to appear in the episode but declined. Originally, Courtney Love and Hole were wanted for this episode, but they declined. According to the DVD commentary an unnamed group had said that if Courtney Love were in the episode, they would not be. An \"Entertainment Weekly\" article revealed that the group was Sonic Youth. It was thought that Love would appear in the episode because she had recently done a film with James L. Brooks, but she never responded to the request. Love was wanted specifically for one joke which would be in an exchange between her and Homer: Courtney Love: Hi Homer! I'm a big fan, Courtney Love. Homer: Homer Grateful! However, she did not appear and the joke was reworded for Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins: Billy Corgan: Billy Corgan, Smashing Pumpkins. Homer: Homer Simpson, smiling politely. The flashback where Homer meets the guys in the van is based on the film \"Dazed and Confused\". Several of the scenes where Homer is hit with a cannonball are based on famous stock footage of Frank \"Cannonball\" Richards being hit with a cannonball, as is the entire concept of a \"cannonball catcher\". Otto's drug-induced hallucination of his \"talking shoes\" is based on the opening of the album version of the song \"1999\" by Prince. Homer's walk in one scene parodies the walk in the \"Keep on Truckin'\" comic that was drawn by Robert Crumb. In its original broadcast, \"Homerpalooza\" finished 57th in ratings for the week of May 13\u201319, 1996, with a Nielsen rating of 7.8, equivalent to approximately 7.5 million viewing households.", "The Return of Courtney Love The Return of Courtney Love is a 2006 documentary film by Will Yapp documenting the progression of musician Courtney Love's second studio album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\", as well as her recovery from drug addiction. The documentary was first broadcast on More4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 26 September 2006. The documentary begins with director Will Yapp arriving at Courtney Love's rented home in Beverly Hills, California in March 2006 to find her chanting with friends in her living room \u2014 a routine, as Love practices Nichiren Buddhism. Love goes on to explain her religious and spiritual experiences. The next focus of the documentary is Love's ill-fated 2004 solo debut, \"America's Sweetheart\". Co-writer and partial producer , Linda Perry \u2014 also a friend of Love's \u2014 explains the circumstances surrounding the album's recording, citing Love's drug abuse as the reason for the album's ruin. As well as this, Perry and Love's friend Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins state that the reason for the album's critical and commercial failure was Love's public image, which at the time was plagued by constant court appearances and an infamous appearance on Pamela Anderson's \"Comedy Roast\". After Love's recent background is explained, the documentary focuses on the recording of her then-upcoming solo second album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\". As Love and her solo band perform a rehearsal version of the title track, Love explains the album's songs, calling them \"all acerbic [...] none of them are tender love songs or very nice. They're all songs about disaster.\" Love also explains her motivation for the album.", "Tracks 1, 5, 13, 14 & 15 produced by Linda Perry & Damon Elliott Tracks 4, 9, 10 & 11 produced by Linda Perry  Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry & Pink  Track 11 written by Linda Perry Track 12, 13 & 19 written by Christina Aguilera & Linda Perry Produced by Linda Perry \"Make Over written by Linda Perry, Christina Aguilera, Jonathan Lipsey, Felix Howard, Cameron McVey & Paul Simm (ASCAP, 2003) \"  Written by Linda Perry, Solange Knowles & Rockwilder in middle of 2002 Written by Linda Perry, Louise Burns, Tasha-Ray Evin & Lacey-Lee Evin Produced by Linda Perry Written by Gina Gershon & Linda Perry Original Score composed by Gina Gershon, Cheri Lovedog & Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Keisha Buchanan, Mutya Buena & Heidi Range Produced by Linda Perry Tracks 6 & 9 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 7 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MaCleod Produced by Linda Perry Track 2 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 3 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MacLeod Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Natina Reed, Shamari Fears & Brandi Williams Produced by Linda Perry \"Never officially released\"  Track 1 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Larry Schemel Tracks 4, 7, 9, 10 & 12 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 5 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel, Jerry Best & Chris Whitemeyer Track 8 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Bernie Taupin, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 11 written by Courtney Love & Linda Perry \"Zeplin Song written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry & Samantha Maloney (ASCAP, 2006)", "Kurt &amp; Courtney  Kurt & Courtney is a 1998 documentary film by Nick Broomfield investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of Kurt Cobain, and allegations of Courtney Love's involvement in it. The documentary begins as an investigation of the circumstances surrounding Cobain's death and the theories which sprung up afterwards. Cobain was legally declared to have committed suicide but has been alleged by some who worked on the case, to have been murdered, in some allegations at Courtney Love's instigation. As Broomfield investigates the claims surrounding Cobain's death, his emphasis moves from the murder theories and onto an investigation of Love herself, including an accusation that she supports the suppression of free speech, and her fame after Cobain's death. The film was due to play the Sundance Film Festival but Love threatened to sue the festival's organizers if they screened the film. Broomfield removed all of Nirvana's music and replaced it with music from bands mainly from the Seattle area. However, when shown on the BBC, the film contained Nirvana's 1991 performance of \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" from \"Top of the Pops\". While the initial focus of the film was to explore the possible murder of Cobain, Courtney Love's refusal to license any of Cobain's music and her unwillingness to speak on camera was used by Broomfield as evidence of her censorship of free speech. Because of Love's refusal to license Nirvana's music for the project, Nick Broomfield was forced to use various other bands from the Pacific Northwest. Notable amongst these were Zeke, the Dwarves, Rozz Rezabek and the Theater of Sheep, and Earth. The film begins with a recap of Cobain's death and the media coverage which followed. Broomfield then interviews Cobain's aunt Mari who helped his love for music when he was a child."], "answer": {"text": "\". A great deal of her songwriting has been diaristic in nature.", "answer_start": 1039}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is unique about Courtney Love's musical style?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_0_q#2", "question": "What do others say about her style?", "rewrite": "What do others say about Courtney Love's style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracks 1, 5, 13, 14 & 15 produced by Linda Perry & Damon Elliott Tracks 4, 9, 10 & 11 produced by Linda Perry  Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry & Pink  Track 11 written by Linda Perry Track 12, 13 & 19 written by Christina Aguilera & Linda Perry Produced by Linda Perry \"Make Over written by Linda Perry, Christina Aguilera, Jonathan Lipsey, Felix Howard, Cameron McVey & Paul Simm (ASCAP, 2003) \"  Written by Linda Perry, Solange Knowles & Rockwilder in middle of 2002 Written by Linda Perry, Louise Burns, Tasha-Ray Evin & Lacey-Lee Evin Produced by Linda Perry Written by Gina Gershon & Linda Perry Original Score composed by Gina Gershon, Cheri Lovedog & Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Keisha Buchanan, Mutya Buena & Heidi Range Produced by Linda Perry Tracks 6 & 9 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 7 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MaCleod Produced by Linda Perry Track 2 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 3 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MacLeod Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Natina Reed, Shamari Fears & Brandi Williams Produced by Linda Perry \"Never officially released\"  Track 1 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Larry Schemel Tracks 4, 7, 9, 10 & 12 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 5 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel, Jerry Best & Chris Whitemeyer Track 8 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Bernie Taupin, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 11 written by Courtney Love & Linda Perry \"Zeplin Song written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry & Samantha Maloney (ASCAP, 2006)", "The Return of Courtney Love The Return of Courtney Love is a 2006 documentary film by Will Yapp documenting the progression of musician Courtney Love's second studio album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\", as well as her recovery from drug addiction. The documentary was first broadcast on More4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 26 September 2006. The documentary begins with director Will Yapp arriving at Courtney Love's rented home in Beverly Hills, California in March 2006 to find her chanting with friends in her living room \u2014 a routine, as Love practices Nichiren Buddhism. Love goes on to explain her religious and spiritual experiences. The next focus of the documentary is Love's ill-fated 2004 solo debut, \"America's Sweetheart\". Co-writer and partial producer , Linda Perry \u2014 also a friend of Love's \u2014 explains the circumstances surrounding the album's recording, citing Love's drug abuse as the reason for the album's ruin. As well as this, Perry and Love's friend Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins state that the reason for the album's critical and commercial failure was Love's public image, which at the time was plagued by constant court appearances and an infamous appearance on Pamela Anderson's \"Comedy Roast\". After Love's recent background is explained, the documentary focuses on the recording of her then-upcoming solo second album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\". As Love and her solo band perform a rehearsal version of the title track, Love explains the album's songs, calling them \"all acerbic [...] none of them are tender love songs or very nice. They're all songs about disaster.\" Love also explains her motivation for the album.", "In \"The Village Voice\", Robert Christgau noted the album's less caustic sound but praised Love's songwriting: \"Punk aesthetic or no punk aesthetic, Courtney Love's songs wouldn't be compromised and might be deepened by steeper momentum and more articulate guitar noise. But they prevail anyway. Their focus is sexual exploitation, and not just by the media, evil straights, and male predators of every cultural orientation. She's also exploited by Courtney Love, and not only does she know it , she thinks about it.\" \"Musician Magazine\" wrote, \"[Kurt] Cobain's much-discussed, little heard other half finally gets the chance to escape gossip-column purgatory and succeeds with flying colors... Courtney Love's foul, funny eloquence...cuts through all the bullshit with a mighty flourish. \" This sentiment was reassessed in a 2008 BBC review of the album, which stated, \"In 1994 and the years that followed, tragedy and controversy seemed to overshadow everything Courtney Love touched. Thankfully, with every year that passes, it becomes easier to put the record's emotional baggage to one side and appraise it on the strength of its songs.\" \"Since \"Pretty on the Inside\", Courtney has learnt the art of writing a decent pop hook,\" observed \"Select\"'s Clark Collis. \" Disgorging your cathartic trauma in the studio is an admirable pastime but, if you really want to compete with Corgan, Vedder or even 'im indoors, then the Top 40 is still where it's at.\" \"Spin\" reviewed \"", "Billy Corgan impressed the production staff by doing strong impersonations of Homer and Marge, though it was decided to not have him use them in the episode. Pearl Jam was asked to appear in the episode but declined. Originally, Courtney Love and Hole were wanted for this episode, but they declined. According to the DVD commentary an unnamed group had said that if Courtney Love were in the episode, they would not be. An \"Entertainment Weekly\" article revealed that the group was Sonic Youth. It was thought that Love would appear in the episode because she had recently done a film with James L. Brooks, but she never responded to the request. Love was wanted specifically for one joke which would be in an exchange between her and Homer: Courtney Love: Hi Homer! I'm a big fan, Courtney Love. Homer: Homer Grateful! However, she did not appear and the joke was reworded for Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins: Billy Corgan: Billy Corgan, Smashing Pumpkins. Homer: Homer Simpson, smiling politely. The flashback where Homer meets the guys in the van is based on the film \"Dazed and Confused\". Several of the scenes where Homer is hit with a cannonball are based on famous stock footage of Frank \"Cannonball\" Richards being hit with a cannonball, as is the entire concept of a \"cannonball catcher\". Otto's drug-induced hallucination of his \"talking shoes\" is based on the opening of the album version of the song \"1999\" by Prince. Homer's walk in one scene parodies the walk in the \"Keep on Truckin'\" comic that was drawn by Robert Crumb. In its original broadcast, \"Homerpalooza\" finished 57th in ratings for the week of May 13\u201319, 1996, with a Nielsen rating of 7.8, equivalent to approximately 7.5 million viewing households.", "Kurt &amp; Courtney  Kurt & Courtney is a 1998 documentary film by Nick Broomfield investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of Kurt Cobain, and allegations of Courtney Love's involvement in it. The documentary begins as an investigation of the circumstances surrounding Cobain's death and the theories which sprung up afterwards. Cobain was legally declared to have committed suicide but has been alleged by some who worked on the case, to have been murdered, in some allegations at Courtney Love's instigation. As Broomfield investigates the claims surrounding Cobain's death, his emphasis moves from the murder theories and onto an investigation of Love herself, including an accusation that she supports the suppression of free speech, and her fame after Cobain's death. The film was due to play the Sundance Film Festival but Love threatened to sue the festival's organizers if they screened the film. Broomfield removed all of Nirvana's music and replaced it with music from bands mainly from the Seattle area. However, when shown on the BBC, the film contained Nirvana's 1991 performance of \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" from \"Top of the Pops\". While the initial focus of the film was to explore the possible murder of Cobain, Courtney Love's refusal to license any of Cobain's music and her unwillingness to speak on camera was used by Broomfield as evidence of her censorship of free speech. Because of Love's refusal to license Nirvana's music for the project, Nick Broomfield was forced to use various other bands from the Pacific Northwest. Notable amongst these were Zeke, the Dwarves, Rozz Rezabek and the Theater of Sheep, and Earth. The film begins with a recap of Cobain's death and the media coverage which followed. Broomfield then interviews Cobain's aunt Mari who helped his love for music when he was a child."], "answer": {"text": "Critics have noted that Love's later musical work is more lyrically introspective.", "answer_start": 1569}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is unique about Courtney Love's musical style?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are her songs about?", "answer": {"text": "\". A great deal of her songwriting has been diaristic in nature.", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_0_q#3", "question": "What else is significant about this?", "rewrite": "Other than her  Musical style, What else is significant about Courtney Love?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Billy Corgan impressed the production staff by doing strong impersonations of Homer and Marge, though it was decided to not have him use them in the episode. Pearl Jam was asked to appear in the episode but declined. Originally, Courtney Love and Hole were wanted for this episode, but they declined. According to the DVD commentary an unnamed group had said that if Courtney Love were in the episode, they would not be. An \"Entertainment Weekly\" article revealed that the group was Sonic Youth. It was thought that Love would appear in the episode because she had recently done a film with James L. Brooks, but she never responded to the request. Love was wanted specifically for one joke which would be in an exchange between her and Homer: Courtney Love: Hi Homer! I'm a big fan, Courtney Love. Homer: Homer Grateful! However, she did not appear and the joke was reworded for Billy Corgan of the Smashing Pumpkins: Billy Corgan: Billy Corgan, Smashing Pumpkins. Homer: Homer Simpson, smiling politely. The flashback where Homer meets the guys in the van is based on the film \"Dazed and Confused\". Several of the scenes where Homer is hit with a cannonball are based on famous stock footage of Frank \"Cannonball\" Richards being hit with a cannonball, as is the entire concept of a \"cannonball catcher\". Otto's drug-induced hallucination of his \"talking shoes\" is based on the opening of the album version of the song \"1999\" by Prince. Homer's walk in one scene parodies the walk in the \"Keep on Truckin'\" comic that was drawn by Robert Crumb. In its original broadcast, \"Homerpalooza\" finished 57th in ratings for the week of May 13\u201319, 1996, with a Nielsen rating of 7.8, equivalent to approximately 7.5 million viewing households.", "Kurt &amp; Courtney  Kurt & Courtney is a 1998 documentary film by Nick Broomfield investigating the circumstances surrounding the death of Kurt Cobain, and allegations of Courtney Love's involvement in it. The documentary begins as an investigation of the circumstances surrounding Cobain's death and the theories which sprung up afterwards. Cobain was legally declared to have committed suicide but has been alleged by some who worked on the case, to have been murdered, in some allegations at Courtney Love's instigation. As Broomfield investigates the claims surrounding Cobain's death, his emphasis moves from the murder theories and onto an investigation of Love herself, including an accusation that she supports the suppression of free speech, and her fame after Cobain's death. The film was due to play the Sundance Film Festival but Love threatened to sue the festival's organizers if they screened the film. Broomfield removed all of Nirvana's music and replaced it with music from bands mainly from the Seattle area. However, when shown on the BBC, the film contained Nirvana's 1991 performance of \"Smells Like Teen Spirit\" from \"Top of the Pops\". While the initial focus of the film was to explore the possible murder of Cobain, Courtney Love's refusal to license any of Cobain's music and her unwillingness to speak on camera was used by Broomfield as evidence of her censorship of free speech. Because of Love's refusal to license Nirvana's music for the project, Nick Broomfield was forced to use various other bands from the Pacific Northwest. Notable amongst these were Zeke, the Dwarves, Rozz Rezabek and the Theater of Sheep, and Earth. The film begins with a recap of Cobain's death and the media coverage which followed. Broomfield then interviews Cobain's aunt Mari who helped his love for music when he was a child.", "Tracks 1, 5, 13, 14 & 15 produced by Linda Perry & Damon Elliott Tracks 4, 9, 10 & 11 produced by Linda Perry  Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry & Pink  Track 11 written by Linda Perry Track 12, 13 & 19 written by Christina Aguilera & Linda Perry Produced by Linda Perry \"Make Over written by Linda Perry, Christina Aguilera, Jonathan Lipsey, Felix Howard, Cameron McVey & Paul Simm (ASCAP, 2003) \"  Written by Linda Perry, Solange Knowles & Rockwilder in middle of 2002 Written by Linda Perry, Louise Burns, Tasha-Ray Evin & Lacey-Lee Evin Produced by Linda Perry Written by Gina Gershon & Linda Perry Original Score composed by Gina Gershon, Cheri Lovedog & Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Keisha Buchanan, Mutya Buena & Heidi Range Produced by Linda Perry Tracks 6 & 9 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 7 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MaCleod Produced by Linda Perry Track 2 written by Pink & Linda Perry Track 3 written by Pink, Linda Perry, Eric Schermerhorn, Paul Ill & Brian MacLeod Produced by Linda Perry Written by Linda Perry, Natina Reed, Shamari Fears & Brandi Williams Produced by Linda Perry \"Never officially released\"  Track 1 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Larry Schemel Tracks 4, 7, 9, 10 & 12 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 5 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Patty Schemel, Jerry Best & Chris Whitemeyer Track 8 written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry, Bernie Taupin, Patty Schemel & Jerry Best Track 11 written by Courtney Love & Linda Perry \"Zeplin Song written by Courtney Love, Linda Perry & Samantha Maloney (ASCAP, 2006)", "The Return of Courtney Love The Return of Courtney Love is a 2006 documentary film by Will Yapp documenting the progression of musician Courtney Love's second studio album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\", as well as her recovery from drug addiction. The documentary was first broadcast on More4 in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 26 September 2006. The documentary begins with director Will Yapp arriving at Courtney Love's rented home in Beverly Hills, California in March 2006 to find her chanting with friends in her living room \u2014 a routine, as Love practices Nichiren Buddhism. Love goes on to explain her religious and spiritual experiences. The next focus of the documentary is Love's ill-fated 2004 solo debut, \"America's Sweetheart\". Co-writer and partial producer , Linda Perry \u2014 also a friend of Love's \u2014 explains the circumstances surrounding the album's recording, citing Love's drug abuse as the reason for the album's ruin. As well as this, Perry and Love's friend Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins state that the reason for the album's critical and commercial failure was Love's public image, which at the time was plagued by constant court appearances and an infamous appearance on Pamela Anderson's \"Comedy Roast\". After Love's recent background is explained, the documentary focuses on the recording of her then-upcoming solo second album, \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\". As Love and her solo band perform a rehearsal version of the title track, Love explains the album's songs, calling them \"all acerbic [...] none of them are tender love songs or very nice. They're all songs about disaster.\" Love also explains her motivation for the album.", "In \"The Village Voice\", Robert Christgau noted the album's less caustic sound but praised Love's songwriting: \"Punk aesthetic or no punk aesthetic, Courtney Love's songs wouldn't be compromised and might be deepened by steeper momentum and more articulate guitar noise. But they prevail anyway. Their focus is sexual exploitation, and not just by the media, evil straights, and male predators of every cultural orientation. She's also exploited by Courtney Love, and not only does she know it , she thinks about it.\" \"Musician Magazine\" wrote, \"[Kurt] Cobain's much-discussed, little heard other half finally gets the chance to escape gossip-column purgatory and succeeds with flying colors... Courtney Love's foul, funny eloquence...cuts through all the bullshit with a mighty flourish. \" This sentiment was reassessed in a 2008 BBC review of the album, which stated, \"In 1994 and the years that followed, tragedy and controversy seemed to overshadow everything Courtney Love touched. Thankfully, with every year that passes, it becomes easier to put the record's emotional baggage to one side and appraise it on the strength of its songs.\" \"Since \"Pretty on the Inside\", Courtney has learnt the art of writing a decent pop hook,\" observed \"Select\"'s Clark Collis. \" Disgorging your cathartic trauma in the studio is an admirable pastime but, if you really want to compete with Corgan, Vedder or even 'im indoors, then the Top 40 is still where it's at.\" \"Spin\" reviewed \""], "answer": {"text": "Celebrity Skin and America's Sweetheart are lyrically centered on celebrity life, Hollywood, and drug addiction,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is unique about Courtney Love's musical style?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are her songs about?", "answer": {"text": "\". A great deal of her songwriting has been diaristic in nature.", "answer_start": 1039, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What do others say about her style?", "answer": {"text": "Critics have noted that Love's later musical work is more lyrically introspective.", "answer_start": 1569, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_1_q#0", "question": "How did the band Hole form originally?", "rewrite": "How did the band Hole form originally?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Courtney Love discography This is a comprehensive listing of official releases by Courtney Love, best known as the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Hole. Aside from her numerous releases with Hole, Love has released one solo studio album, five singles, and appeared in several musical collaborations. Love's musical career started with a brief position as a singer in Faith No More. Love also founded the all-female group Babes in Toyland with Kat Bjelland, though she was kicked out of the band. Love formed Hole in 1989, and the band released their debut album \"Pretty on the Inside\" in 1991. Love married Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain in 1992, and the same year their child Frances Bean Cobain was born. The band's next album, \"Live Through This\", was released in 1994 a week after Cobain's death. \" Live Through This\" became the band's best-selling album, topped the annual \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critic's poll and was listed by \"Time\" in a 100 best albums list. Hole's third album, \"Celebrity Skin\", had lower U.S. sales than \"Live Through This\", but received critical acclaim, and the album's title track garnered them their first No. 1 single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. In 2001, Love formed the band Bastard with Hole drummer Patty Schemel, though the group quickly dissolved after recording several demos. Love and guitarist Eric Erlandson disbanded Hole in 2002 amidst a lawsuit from Universal Music Group against the band for breach of contract. Love released her first solo album, \"America's Sweetheart\", in 2004 to underwhelming sales. In 2009, Love re-formed Hole with new members, releasing the album \"Nobody's Daughter\", which had originally been conceived as a solo album in 2006.", "Turpentine (song) \"Turpentine\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Hole. It was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was one of the band's first compositions and remained unreleased for seven years before being released on the band's second EP, \"The First Session\" on August 26, 1997. Although not as well known as Hole's later songs, \"Turpentine\" is a notable song for the band as it is often cited as \"the first Hole song. \" \"Turpentine\" was reputedly the first song written for Hole, with the music composed Eric Erlandson and the lyrics written by Courtney Love. The song is known to have been written as early as November 1989 as Hole performed the song during their third live show in Huntington Beach, California on November 11, 1989. However, some of the lyrics of the song seem to have been written by Love earlier with the line \" my water breaks like turpentine\" appearing in a poem written by Love in the mid-late 1980s which also features lines that would later appear in \"Loaded\", a track on Hole's debut album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The first and only known studio version of the song was recorded on March 17, 1990 during Hole's first studio session at Rudy's Rising Star, a \"tiny ... basement studio\" in Los Angeles, California after Sympathy for the Record Industry's president, Long Gone John, gave the band a budget of $500 to record their first single, \"Retard Girl.\" The musical content of \"Turpentine\" is highly influenced by punk rock, noise rock and no wave music.", "Guinness World Records\" editor-in-chief Craig Glenday announced that Burj Khalifa was not classified as a tower because it has too much usable floor space to be considered to be a tower. CN Tower still held world records for highest above ground wine cellar (in 360 Restaurant) at 351 metres, highest above ground restaurant at 346 metres (Horizons Restaurant), and tallest free-standing concrete tower during Guinness's recertification. The CN Tower was surpassed in 2009 by the Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China, which stands at tall, as the world's tallest tower; which in turn was surpassed by the Tokyo Skytree in 2011, which currently is the tallest tower at in height. The CN Tower, as of 2018, stands as the ninth-tallest free-standing structure on land, remains the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, and is the third-tallest tower. Since the construction of the tower had been completed, it has gained the following world height records: The CN Tower has been and continues to be used as a communications tower for a number of different media and by numerous companies. There is no AM broadcasting on the CN Tower. The FM antennas are situated above ground. The CN Tower has been featured in numerous films, television shows, music recording covers, and video games. The tower also has its own official mascot, which resembles the tower itself.", "The Grand Western Lodge is a large two storey face brick hotel built in 1901 for John Frape by builder John Wells. Occupying an important site in the centre of town, the Grand Western lodge was built in the hey day of rural development in the district to cater for many visitors, particularly for attending the ploughing demonstrations and competitions. The building is a good example of an Edwardian pub having unusual key hole form windows and pictorial leadlight glazing. The dominant architectural features include the well designed two storey verandah with cast iron balustrading and valance work and the massive stuccoed central parapet. Grand Western Lodge was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales. Grand Western Lodge is a large two storey face brick hotel built in 1901 for John Frape by builder John Wells. Occupying an important site in the centre of town, the Grand Western lodge was built in the hey day of rural development in the district to cater for many visitors, particularly for attending the ploughing demonstrations and competitions. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. The building is a good example of an Edwardian pub having unusual key hole form windows and pictorial leadlight glazing. The dominant architectural features include the well designed two storey verandah with cast iron balustrading and valance work and the massive stuccoed central parapet.", "CN Tower The CN Tower () is a concrete communications and observation tower located in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Built on the former Railway Lands, it was completed in 1976. Its name \"CN\" originally referred to Canadian National, the railway company that built the tower. Following the railway's decision to divest non-core freight railway assets prior to the company's privatization in 1995, it transferred the tower to the Canada Lands Company, a federal Crown corporation responsible for real estate development. The CN Tower held the record for the world's tallest free-standing structure for 32 years until 2007 when it was surpassed by the Burj Khalifa and was the world's tallest tower until 2009 when it was surpassed by the Canton Tower. It is now the ninth tallest free-standing structure in the world and remains the tallest free-standing structure on land in the Western Hemisphere. In 1995, the CN Tower was declared one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It also belongs to the World Federation of Great Towers. It is a signature icon of Toronto's skyline and attracts more than two million international visitors annually. The original concept of the CN Tower originated in 1968 when the Canadian National Railway wanted to build a large TV and radio communication platform to serve the Toronto area, as well as demonstrate the strength of Canadian industry and CN in particular. These plans evolved over the next few years, and the project became official in 1972. The tower would have been part of Metro Centre (see CityPlace), a large development south of Front Street on the Railway Lands, a large railway switching yard that was being made redundant by newer yards outside the city. Key project team members were NCK Engineering as structural engineer; John Andrews Architects; Webb, Zerafa, Menkes, Housden Architects; Foundation Building Construction; and Canron (Eastern Structural Division)."], "answer": {"text": "\" Love recruited lead guitarist Eric Erlandson; Lisa Roberts, her neighbor, as bassist; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.", "answer_start": 216}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_1_q#1", "question": "What shows did they play?", "rewrite": "What shows did the band Hole play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["None of the other players challenged Hugh Kirkaldy although the amateur Samuel Mure Fergusson had a three at the last to take fourth place. The 1891 Open was the last time there was a play-off for prize money. Andrew Kirkaldy and Fernie played an 18 hole play-off on the following day. Kirkaldy won and took the second prize, Fernie taking third prize. \"The day was beautifully fine, and the players had a large following\". \"Tuesday, 6 October 1891\" Nineteen-year-old William Auchterlonie, the 1893 Champion, played as an amateur. David Brown and Tom Vardon entered late and received no prize money. \"Wednesday, 7 October 1891\"  Andrew Kirkaldy beat Willie Fernie in an 18-hole play-off for the second and third prizes. Kirkaldy scored 85 and won \u00a36, Fernie scored 87 and took home \u00a35.", "The First Session The First Session is an EP by American alternative rock band Hole, released on August 26, 1997 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. The EP features the entire recording of the band's first ever studio session on March 17, 1990 and also a twenty-page booklet focusing on the band's early career prior to the release of their debut studio album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The EP marked Hole's final release on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Hole in mid-1989 after lead guitarist Eric Erlandson replied to an advertisement, placed by frontwoman Courtney Love, in the Los Angeles-based punk rock fanzine \"The Recycler\". The band's first rehearsal took place in Fortress Studios in Hollywood, where Love, Erlandson and original bassist Lisa Roberts \"played something noisy\" while \"they [Courtney and Lisa] started screaming their poetry at the top of their lungs for two or three hours.\" Drummer Caroline Rue and a third guitarist, Mike Geisbrecht were then recruited and the band began performing shows in October 1989. Songs that would be later featured on \"The First Session\" were played at these series of live shows. Before Hole began to develop a fanbase, Geisbrecht left and was replaced briefly by Errol Stewart, who also left a few weeks later. Roberts also left the group at some point in early 1990 and was replaced by Jill Emery on bass. In March 1990, Hole were given a budget of $500 by Sympathy for the Record Industry's president Long Gone John for a studio recording session, which was initially meant to include only \"Retard Girl.\" The allocated studio was known as Rudy's Rising Star, which Hole later described as \"a tiny LA basement studio,\" and the recording session took place on March 17, 1990.", "Courtney Love discography This is a comprehensive listing of official releases by Courtney Love, best known as the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Hole. Aside from her numerous releases with Hole, Love has released one solo studio album, five singles, and appeared in several musical collaborations. Love's musical career started with a brief position as a singer in Faith No More. Love also founded the all-female group Babes in Toyland with Kat Bjelland, though she was kicked out of the band. Love formed Hole in 1989, and the band released their debut album \"Pretty on the Inside\" in 1991. Love married Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain in 1992, and the same year their child Frances Bean Cobain was born. The band's next album, \"Live Through This\", was released in 1994 a week after Cobain's death. \" Live Through This\" became the band's best-selling album, topped the annual \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critic's poll and was listed by \"Time\" in a 100 best albums list. Hole's third album, \"Celebrity Skin\", had lower U.S. sales than \"Live Through This\", but received critical acclaim, and the album's title track garnered them their first No. 1 single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. In 2001, Love formed the band Bastard with Hole drummer Patty Schemel, though the group quickly dissolved after recording several demos. Love and guitarist Eric Erlandson disbanded Hole in 2002 amidst a lawsuit from Universal Music Group against the band for breach of contract. Love released her first solo album, \"America's Sweetheart\", in 2004 to underwhelming sales. In 2009, Love re-formed Hole with new members, releasing the album \"Nobody's Daughter\", which had originally been conceived as a solo album in 2006.", "European Amateur The European Amateur Championship is an annual amateur golf tournament. It is played at various locations throughout Europe. It is organized by the European Golf Association and was first played in 1986. It is one of the \"Elite\" tournaments recognized by the World Amateur Golf Ranking. The winner receives an invitation to the next Open Championship, provided they maintain their amateur status prior to the Open. Before 2016 the European Amateur was played after the Open and the invitation was for the next year's Open. Since 2017 the European Amateur has been played before the Open and the invitation applies to the current year. Both 2016 and 2017 winners received entry to the 2017 Open. In 2017 Plant won with a birdie at the second hole of a sudden-death playoff after he and Cianchetti had earlier tied a three-hole playoff at level par, Scalise being eliminated at one-over-par. In 2016 Cianchetti won with a par at the fourth hole of a sudden-death playoff after he and Hovland had earlier tied a three-hole playoff. In 2010 Trappel won the three-hole play-off. In 1993 Backhausen won the three-hole play-off by two shots.", "1879 Open Championship The 1879 Open Championship was the 19th Open Championship, held 27 September at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Jamie Anderson won the Championship for the third successive time, by three strokes from Jamie Allan and Andrew Kirkaldy. Play started at 10:00 am in fine conditions. In the first round Anderson reach the turn in 41 and his round of 84 gave him a two shot lead over Andrew Kirkaldy. In the afternoon he again reached the turn in 41. Andrew Kirkaldy and Jamie Allen were amongst the early starters and with four holes left to play it was known that Anderson needed four fives to win the Championship. He holed a long putt at the 15th and with steady play at the 16th and 17th and a four at the last he won comfortably. Allan and Kirkaldy had an 18-hole play-off two days later to decide who took the second and third place prize money. Source: \"Saturday, 27 September 1879\" There were 15 cash prizes. \"Monday, 29 September 1879\"  Allan and Kirkaldy played an 18-hole play-off two days later. Kirkaldy scored 91 to Allan's 92 and took the second prize of \u00a36, Allan taking the third prize of \u00a35. Playoffs for other positions are mentioned but details are not known."], "answer": {"text": "The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they", "answer_start": 1011}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Hole form originally?", "answer": {"text": "\" Love recruited lead guitarist Eric Erlandson; Lisa Roberts, her neighbor, as bassist; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_1_q#2", "question": "What kind of music did they play?", "rewrite": "What kind of music did the band Hole play?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Turpentine (song) \"Turpentine\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Hole. It was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was one of the band's first compositions and remained unreleased for seven years before being released on the band's second EP, \"The First Session\" on August 26, 1997. Although not as well known as Hole's later songs, \"Turpentine\" is a notable song for the band as it is often cited as \"the first Hole song. \" \"Turpentine\" was reputedly the first song written for Hole, with the music composed Eric Erlandson and the lyrics written by Courtney Love. The song is known to have been written as early as November 1989 as Hole performed the song during their third live show in Huntington Beach, California on November 11, 1989. However, some of the lyrics of the song seem to have been written by Love earlier with the line \" my water breaks like turpentine\" appearing in a poem written by Love in the mid-late 1980s which also features lines that would later appear in \"Loaded\", a track on Hole's debut album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The first and only known studio version of the song was recorded on March 17, 1990 during Hole's first studio session at Rudy's Rising Star, a \"tiny ... basement studio\" in Los Angeles, California after Sympathy for the Record Industry's president, Long Gone John, gave the band a budget of $500 to record their first single, \"Retard Girl.\" The musical content of \"Turpentine\" is highly influenced by punk rock, noise rock and no wave music.", "European Amateur The European Amateur Championship is an annual amateur golf tournament. It is played at various locations throughout Europe. It is organized by the European Golf Association and was first played in 1986. It is one of the \"Elite\" tournaments recognized by the World Amateur Golf Ranking. The winner receives an invitation to the next Open Championship, provided they maintain their amateur status prior to the Open. Before 2016 the European Amateur was played after the Open and the invitation was for the next year's Open. Since 2017 the European Amateur has been played before the Open and the invitation applies to the current year. Both 2016 and 2017 winners received entry to the 2017 Open. In 2017 Plant won with a birdie at the second hole of a sudden-death playoff after he and Cianchetti had earlier tied a three-hole playoff at level par, Scalise being eliminated at one-over-par. In 2016 Cianchetti won with a par at the fourth hole of a sudden-death playoff after he and Hovland had earlier tied a three-hole playoff. In 2010 Trappel won the three-hole play-off. In 1993 Backhausen won the three-hole play-off by two shots.", "Courtney Love discography This is a comprehensive listing of official releases by Courtney Love, best known as the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Hole. Aside from her numerous releases with Hole, Love has released one solo studio album, five singles, and appeared in several musical collaborations. Love's musical career started with a brief position as a singer in Faith No More. Love also founded the all-female group Babes in Toyland with Kat Bjelland, though she was kicked out of the band. Love formed Hole in 1989, and the band released their debut album \"Pretty on the Inside\" in 1991. Love married Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain in 1992, and the same year their child Frances Bean Cobain was born. The band's next album, \"Live Through This\", was released in 1994 a week after Cobain's death. \" Live Through This\" became the band's best-selling album, topped the annual \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critic's poll and was listed by \"Time\" in a 100 best albums list. Hole's third album, \"Celebrity Skin\", had lower U.S. sales than \"Live Through This\", but received critical acclaim, and the album's title track garnered them their first No. 1 single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. In 2001, Love formed the band Bastard with Hole drummer Patty Schemel, though the group quickly dissolved after recording several demos. Love and guitarist Eric Erlandson disbanded Hole in 2002 amidst a lawsuit from Universal Music Group against the band for breach of contract. Love released her first solo album, \"America's Sweetheart\", in 2004 to underwhelming sales. In 2009, Love re-formed Hole with new members, releasing the album \"Nobody's Daughter\", which had originally been conceived as a solo album in 2006.", "1879 Open Championship The 1879 Open Championship was the 19th Open Championship, held 27 September at the Old Course at St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. Jamie Anderson won the Championship for the third successive time, by three strokes from Jamie Allan and Andrew Kirkaldy. Play started at 10:00 am in fine conditions. In the first round Anderson reach the turn in 41 and his round of 84 gave him a two shot lead over Andrew Kirkaldy. In the afternoon he again reached the turn in 41. Andrew Kirkaldy and Jamie Allen were amongst the early starters and with four holes left to play it was known that Anderson needed four fives to win the Championship. He holed a long putt at the 15th and with steady play at the 16th and 17th and a four at the last he won comfortably. Allan and Kirkaldy had an 18-hole play-off two days later to decide who took the second and third place prize money. Source: \"Saturday, 27 September 1879\" There were 15 cash prizes. \"Monday, 29 September 1879\"  Allan and Kirkaldy played an 18-hole play-off two days later. Kirkaldy scored 91 to Allan's 92 and took the second prize of \u00a36, Allan taking the third prize of \u00a35. Playoffs for other positions are mentioned but details are not known.", "None of the other players challenged Hugh Kirkaldy although the amateur Samuel Mure Fergusson had a three at the last to take fourth place. The 1891 Open was the last time there was a play-off for prize money. Andrew Kirkaldy and Fernie played an 18 hole play-off on the following day. Kirkaldy won and took the second prize, Fernie taking third prize. \"The day was beautifully fine, and the players had a large following\". \"Tuesday, 6 October 1891\" Nineteen-year-old William Auchterlonie, the 1893 Champion, played as an amateur. David Brown and Tom Vardon entered late and received no prize money. \"Wednesday, 7 October 1891\"  Andrew Kirkaldy beat Willie Fernie in an 18-hole play-off for the second and third prizes. Kirkaldy scored 85 and won \u00a36, Fernie scored 87 and took home \u00a35."], "answer": {"text": "indie and punk rock", "answer_start": 549}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Hole form originally?", "answer": {"text": "\" Love recruited lead guitarist Eric Erlandson; Lisa Roberts, her neighbor, as bassist; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did they play?", "answer": {"text": "The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_1_q#3", "question": "What were some famous songs from their early years?", "rewrite": "What were some famous songs from the band Hole's early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The First Session The First Session is an EP by American alternative rock band Hole, released on August 26, 1997 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. The EP features the entire recording of the band's first ever studio session on March 17, 1990 and also a twenty-page booklet focusing on the band's early career prior to the release of their debut studio album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The EP marked Hole's final release on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Hole in mid-1989 after lead guitarist Eric Erlandson replied to an advertisement, placed by frontwoman Courtney Love, in the Los Angeles-based punk rock fanzine \"The Recycler\". The band's first rehearsal took place in Fortress Studios in Hollywood, where Love, Erlandson and original bassist Lisa Roberts \"played something noisy\" while \"they [Courtney and Lisa] started screaming their poetry at the top of their lungs for two or three hours.\" Drummer Caroline Rue and a third guitarist, Mike Geisbrecht were then recruited and the band began performing shows in October 1989. Songs that would be later featured on \"The First Session\" were played at these series of live shows. Before Hole began to develop a fanbase, Geisbrecht left and was replaced briefly by Errol Stewart, who also left a few weeks later. Roberts also left the group at some point in early 1990 and was replaced by Jill Emery on bass. In March 1990, Hole were given a budget of $500 by Sympathy for the Record Industry's president Long Gone John for a studio recording session, which was initially meant to include only \"Retard Girl.\" The allocated studio was known as Rudy's Rising Star, which Hole later described as \"a tiny LA basement studio,\" and the recording session took place on March 17, 1990.", "Turpentine (song) \"Turpentine\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Hole. It was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was one of the band's first compositions and remained unreleased for seven years before being released on the band's second EP, \"The First Session\" on August 26, 1997. Although not as well known as Hole's later songs, \"Turpentine\" is a notable song for the band as it is often cited as \"the first Hole song. \" \"Turpentine\" was reputedly the first song written for Hole, with the music composed Eric Erlandson and the lyrics written by Courtney Love. The song is known to have been written as early as November 1989 as Hole performed the song during their third live show in Huntington Beach, California on November 11, 1989. However, some of the lyrics of the song seem to have been written by Love earlier with the line \" my water breaks like turpentine\" appearing in a poem written by Love in the mid-late 1980s which also features lines that would later appear in \"Loaded\", a track on Hole's debut album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The first and only known studio version of the song was recorded on March 17, 1990 during Hole's first studio session at Rudy's Rising Star, a \"tiny ... basement studio\" in Los Angeles, California after Sympathy for the Record Industry's president, Long Gone John, gave the band a budget of $500 to record their first single, \"Retard Girl.\" The musical content of \"Turpentine\" is highly influenced by punk rock, noise rock and no wave music.", "Celebrity Skin Celebrity Skin is the third studio album by American alternative rock band Hole, released worldwide on September 8, 1998 on Geffen Records and one day later in the United States on DGC Records. It was the last album released by the band before their dissolution in 2002. Hole intended the record to diverge significantly from their previous noise and grunge-influenced sound as featured on \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991) and \"Live Through This\" (1994). The band hired producer Michael Beinhorn to record \"Celebrity Skin\" over a nine-month period that included sessions in California, New York and the United Kingdom. It was the band's only studio release to feature bassist Melissa Auf der Maur. Drummer Patty Schemel played the demos for the album, but was replaced by session drummer Deen Castronovo at the suggestion of producer Beinhorn. This issue created a rift between Schemel and the band, resulting in her dropping out of the tour and parting ways with the group. The band sought to use Los Angeles and the state of California as a unifying theme, and began writing what they conceived as a \"California album\" in 1997. Unlike Hole's previous releases, the final songs on \"Celebrity Skin\" featured instrumental contributions from several musicians outside the band, primarily Billy Corgan, who co-wrote the musical arrangements on five songs. Auf der Maur's former bandmate Jordon Zadorozny, as well as Go-Go's guitarist Charlotte Caffey, also contributed to the composition of one track. Frontwoman Courtney Love, who wrote all of the lyrics, named the album and its title track after a poem she had written which was heavily influenced by T.S. Eliot's \"The Wasteland\". \"Celebrity Skin\" was Hole's most commercially successful album.", "Ask for It Ask for It is an EP by American alternative rock band Hole, released on September 8, 1995. It was the band's second and last release on Caroline Records, the first being their debut album \" Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). Although the EP was released after 1994's platinum-selling \"Live Through This\", its contents were recorded by an earlier lineup of the band between 1991 and 1992. The EP comprises three songs by Hole as well as several cover versions of songs by the Wipers, Beat Happening, The Velvet Underground, and the Germs. The recordings featured on the EP originate from several sources, including two studio sessions: a November 19, 1991 John Peel session for the BBC, and a March 1992 studio recording session for a Wipers tribute album; as well as a live performance at the Whisky A Go Go in West Hollywood on February 11, 1992. \"Ask for It\" featured songs recorded from several different sources; only one song on the EP was a studio recording, while the rest were from live performances with John Peel and at the Whisky A Go Go. Hole's first radio session, one of the famous \"John Peel Sessions\", was recorded prior to their second UK tour with Daisy Chainsaw and Therapy?. The session took place at Studio 4 and was first broadcast on January 5, 1992. Hole frontwoman Courtney Love had written John Peel two letters previously, thanking him for airing \"Retard Girl\" on his radio show, which was the reason for Hole's sturdy fanbase in England at the time. During the session, live versions of \"Doll Parts\", \"Violet\", \"Drown Soda\" and \"Forming/Hot Chocolate Boy\" were recorded. The band's live performance at the Whisky a Go Go on February 11, 1992 was recorded by Carlos Nu\u00f1ez.", "Asking for It (Hole song) \"Asking for It\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Hole. It is the fourth track on the band's second studio album, \"Live Through This\", released on April 12, 1994 on Geffen Records. The song was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. Although not released as a single, \"Asking for It\" is one of the band's most notable songs as it charted a brief, four-week appearance on \"Billboard\"s \"Modern Rock Tracks\" in the United States in February 1995, peaking at number 36. It is also known as one of the three released Hole recordings to feature Love's husband Kurt Cobain. \"Asking for It\" was one of the many songs written by Love and Erlandson following the release of Hole's debut studio album, \"Pretty on the Inside\", and the subsequent departures of drummer Caroline Rue and bassist Jill Emery. Although thought to be written in 1992, the term \"asking for it\" was coined by Love as early as 1990 and appears in the lyrics to the band's 1991 single \"Dicknail\". The opening lines of the song were used by Love in a 1991 interview with British journalist Everett True, in response to one of his questions. The first and only known studio version of the song was recorded in October 1993 as part of the \"Live Through This\" sessions at Triclops Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. On October 18, halfway through the sessions, Love's husband, Kurt Cobain of Nirvana, joined the band in-studio and provided backing vocals for a number of songs, including \"Asking for It\". Cobain, however, was unfamiliar with the material, and was encouraged to \"just sing off the top of [his] head\"."], "answer": {"text": "Teenage Whore\", entered the country's indie chart at number one.", "answer_start": 764}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Hole form originally?", "answer": {"text": "\" Love recruited lead guitarist Eric Erlandson; Lisa Roberts, her neighbor, as bassist; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did they play?", "answer": {"text": "The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "indie and punk rock", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a2ba4eda68d3416fb110a1dc07b33993_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Courtney Love and the beginnings of Hole other than famous songs from Hole's early years, the kind of music Hole played, the shows Hole played, and how Hole originally formed.?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["At this time it was announced the record would be released under the Hole moniker. In February 2010, record deal negotiations were mentioned on \"Friday Night with Jonathan Ross\". Hole signed with Universal Records' Island Def Jam Music Group subsidiary Mercury Records. Hole also announced that the band are being managed by Crush Management. On June 17, 2009, English music magazine \"NME\" posted two in-depth blogs and two interviews of Courtney Love and Micko Larkin announcing the reunion of Hole. The article was primarily focused on \"Nobody's Daughter\", which was up until then a Courtney Love record, and claimed with the \"rock Courtney back in action, this music could only come out under one name, HOLE.\" According to the NME's posts, former Hole bassist Melissa Auf der Maur would re-join the band as a bassist with Micko Larkin replacing co-founder Eric Erlandson, however, a drummer was not mentioned. There was also mention of \"tours next year. \" Erlandson later suggested in an interview with \"SPIN\" magazine that no reunion can take place without mutual involvement between himself and Love, as stated in a contract signed when the band initially split. In response to Erlandson's statements, Love stated that Hole is \"MY Band MY name and MY Trademark\" suggesting that she was the legal owner of the name and not Erlandson. Amidst this, some fans speculated whether or not \"Nobody's Daughter\" would be a Hole or Courtney Love record. Love later stated that Auf der Maur did not end up being a part of the album or the band, despite her earlier statement in an interview with an \"NME\" journalist, saying that \"Melissa is a darling girl, she never came down and sang, she was as touring and she has feelings. \"", "Music Hole Music Hole is the third studio album by French singer Camille, released on April 7, 2008. It was co-written with English producer MaJiKer. In the EPK for the album, Camille advised that the title \"Music Hole\" refers to the main parts of her body that make music. The song \"Waves\" was used in Perrier \"Melting\" television ad. All lyrics written by Camille except track 3 (by Camille Dalmais, Dominique Dalcan). All music composed by Camille Dalmais and MaJiKer except tracks 2 and 10 (by Camille Dalmais) and track 7 (by Camille Dalmais, Rainy Orteca). The limited edition of Music Hole is packaged in a three panel, matte-finish, digipak with the same cover as the standard CD booklet, and housed in a glossy black slip-case, with a hole in the front large enough to show only Camille's face from the CD cover. When the digipak is removed, a small picture of Camille is also visible through the hole. The bonus DVD, entitled \"Des Pieds Et Des Mains\" contains body percussion performances by Camille of the 11 tracks of the album proper, some of which contain vocals, vocalisation or percussive instruments; each performance ranging from 35 seconds to 81 seconds in length. The entire DVD is approximately 12 minutes in length. Whilst the packaging advertises the DVD as \"The Documentary \"Des Pieds Et Des Mains\"\", there are no interviews or classic documentary footage. The limited edition also contains a 12-page CD booklet of photos and lyric excerpts; and a title strip (similar to an Obi strip) as the slip case does not have the title or song titles printed on it.", "Courtney Love discography This is a comprehensive listing of official releases by Courtney Love, best known as the lead vocalist of the alternative rock band Hole. Aside from her numerous releases with Hole, Love has released one solo studio album, five singles, and appeared in several musical collaborations. Love's musical career started with a brief position as a singer in Faith No More. Love also founded the all-female group Babes in Toyland with Kat Bjelland, though she was kicked out of the band. Love formed Hole in 1989, and the band released their debut album \"Pretty on the Inside\" in 1991. Love married Nirvana frontman Kurt Cobain in 1992, and the same year their child Frances Bean Cobain was born. The band's next album, \"Live Through This\", was released in 1994 a week after Cobain's death. \" Live Through This\" became the band's best-selling album, topped the annual \"Village Voice\" Pazz & Jop critic's poll and was listed by \"Time\" in a 100 best albums list. Hole's third album, \"Celebrity Skin\", had lower U.S. sales than \"Live Through This\", but received critical acclaim, and the album's title track garnered them their first No. 1 single on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. In 2001, Love formed the band Bastard with Hole drummer Patty Schemel, though the group quickly dissolved after recording several demos. Love and guitarist Eric Erlandson disbanded Hole in 2002 amidst a lawsuit from Universal Music Group against the band for breach of contract. Love released her first solo album, \"America's Sweetheart\", in 2004 to underwhelming sales. In 2009, Love re-formed Hole with new members, releasing the album \"Nobody's Daughter\", which had originally been conceived as a solo album in 2006.", "Nobody's Daughter Nobody's Daughter is the fourth and final studio album by American alternative rock band Hole, released worldwide on April 27, 2010, through Mercury Records. The album was originally conceived by Hole frontwoman Courtney Love as a solo project titled \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\", following her poorly received solo debut \"America's Sweetheart\" (2004). Much of the material featured on \"Nobody's Daughter\" originated from studio sessions for \"How Dirty Girls Get Clean\", which had been conceived in 2006 after a multitude of legal issues, drug addiction, and rehabilitation sentences had left Love \"suicidal\". Love financed the making of the record herself, which cost nearly two million dollars. In 2009, Love announced that the album would be released under the band name Hole, along with guitarist Micko Larkin, bassist Shawn Dailey and drummer Stu Fisher. It was the first Hole album to be released in twelve years, since 1998's \"Celebrity Skin\", and also the group's first release to not feature Eric Erlandson. Upon its release, \"Nobody's Daughter\" received generally mixed reviews from music critics, though Courtney Love stated that she felt it was \"the best record she'd ever made\". In 2012, Love abandoned the Hole moniker and returned to writing and recording as a solo artist, making \"Nobody's Daughter\" the band's final release. The album artwork is a cropped \"Marie Antoinette\" by famed portrait artist \u00c9lisabeth Vig\u00e9e Le Brun. In September 2005, after violating a legal drug probation, Courtney Love was sentenced to a six-month program in a lock-down rehabilitation center, Beau Monde, from which she was released after one half of the sentenced time and completed the other three months under house arrest.", "Graeme Hole Graeme Blake Hole (6 January 1931 \u2013 14 February 1990) was an Australian cricketer who played 18 Test matches for Australia between 1951 and 1955. A right-handed middle-order batsman and off-spinner, Hole played 98 first-class matches between 1949\u201350 and 1957\u201358. He made his first-class debut for New South Wales at the age of 19. During this match, he didn't do very well in batting, but he made up for this during his bowling. He then moved to South Australia and started playing for them. His debut in international cricket came when he was selected for the Australian team against England in February 1951. Before he made his international cricket debut, Hole played baseball in the off-season in the local New South Wales competition, before moving to South Australia in 1950 where he would be invited to play for the South Australia state baseball team in the 1950 Claxton Shield. However, he was ultimately declined by the Australian Baseball Council to play as he did not meet a six-month state residency requirement. After he tore his spleen in a catch to dismiss Sam Loxton, he was forced to retire three terms early, before his contract ran out. After he retired, he joined the Australian Cricket Association. He died of cancer on 14 February 1990."], "answer": {"text": "Hole's first studio album, Pretty on the Inside, captured a particularly abrasive sound and contained disturbing lyrics,", "answer_start": 1403}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the band Hole form originally?", "answer": {"text": "\" Love recruited lead guitarist Eric Erlandson; Lisa Roberts, her neighbor, as bassist; and drummer Caroline Rue, whom she met at a Gwar concert.", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What shows did they play?", "answer": {"text": "The band toured in support of the record, headlining with Mudhoney in Europe; in the United States, they", "answer_start": 1011, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "indie and punk rock", "answer_start": 549, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What were some famous songs from their early years?", "answer": {"text": "Teenage Whore\", entered the country's indie chart at number one.", "answer_start": 764, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_447bb893509b46a9837c947fe7d2fa2f_0_q#0", "question": "Is calling all lovers an album?", "rewrite": "Is calling all lovers an album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Clash popularised the term, introducing it to a wider mainstream audience, by including a song called \"Lover's Rock\" on their 1979 signature double LP, \"London Calling\". The popularity of lovers rock has continued, and in the 1980s the Fashion label was successful with UK audiences, and the Revue label had a major hit in 1986 with Boris Gardiner's \"I Wanna Wake Up With You\". In the 1990s, the likes of Mike Anthony, Peter Hunnigale and Donna Marie enjoyed success with the genre, and several British stars have performed at Reggae Sunsplash. The 21st century has seen lovers rock being exposed to more audiences by impresario Orlando Gittens, who has pioneered the \"Giants of Lovers Rock\" series of concerts at London's O2 arena. The genre of Lovers\u2019 rock has heavily influenced the r&b, hip hop, and pop music scenes since its peak in the 1960s and 1970s. Songs incorporating a mixture of love and romance, politics, and reggae inspired sounds have become an accepted trend in music. Most notably is Bajan singer Rihanna, whose songs such as \u201cMan Down\u201d \u201cNo Love Allowed\u201d and others follow the same subject matter and structure as songs belonging to the Lovers Rock genre. Other artists such as Drake, Lauryn Hill, Musiq Soulchild and countless others utilize techniques from Lovers rock to create reggae-influenced love songs in their discography. Sade and Estelle, both Black female singers, both titled their albums \u201cLovers Rock\u201d and the songs on those albums were inspired by the genre. Because the majority of both its performers and audience were women, and it tended to have a romantic influence in sound and lyrics, lovers rock was often seen as intrinsically apolitical, where roots reggae and the black masculinity associated with it had clear political messages of emancipation and liberation.", "Calling All Lovers  Calling All Lovers is the fourth studio album by American R&B singer Tamar Braxton. It was released on October 2, 2015, by Epic Records and Streamline Records. The album was preceded by the release of two singles \u2014 \"Let Me Know\" and \" If I Don't Have You\". The album debuted at number five in the United States, debuting with 43,000 units (38,000 in album sales) in the United States. The album's second single, \"If I Don't Have You\" was released on May 27, 2015, and was nominated for Best R&B Performance at the 58th Annual Grammy Awards, becoming Braxton's fourth nomination On October 7, 2014, Braxton's single, \"Let Me Know\" featuring Future, was released. The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Trending 140 Chart, less than an hour, after its premiere on Braxton's official SoundCloud account and it eventually reached at number one by 12:00 AM. Billboard.com gave the song 4 out of 5 stars in its review of \"The Best and Worst Singles of the Week\" for the second week of October 2014. Braxton performed \"If I Don't Have You\" at the BET's 15th Annual Awards 2015 on June 28, 2015 and at Mega Fest 2015 on August 21, 2015. On September 6, 2015, Target confirmed that \"Calling All Lovers\" would miss its scheduled release date of September 11, 2015 due to a \"street date change\".<ref name=\"Target confirms NO Calling All Lovers on 9/11/2015\"></ref > On September 11, 2015, the deluxe version of the album became available for pre-order on iTunes with a track listing of 16 items and a new release date of October 2, 2015.", "Andy Nice provided the cello on \"Every Word\" and Janusz Podrazik provided keyboards on two of the album's songs \"Immigrant\" and \"It's Only Love That Gets You Through\", additional vocals for the album came from vocalist Leroy Osbourne. The album's recording and themes were inspired by Sade's experiences during the previous decade, particularly of how she had become preoccupied with the complexity of other people's lives and extremely unhappy. Unlike Sade's previous work, \"Lovers Rock\" did not contain saxophones or instrumentation, but instead spare, deceptively simple arrangement\u2014sometimes no more than an acoustic guitar. The album's music borrowed reverb and echo effects from dub as well as an ease and fluidity, tougher beats and basslines, from R&B. Ed Hogan of AllMusic stated that \"Lovers Rock\" was the first album by the band that contained a more experimental sound with the infusion of mainstream rock elements and strummed guitars. According to Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone, \"Lovers Rock\" has a \"light groover\", with each song lasting around five minutes, Sheffield continued to state that the drumming on the album continues through each song, with \"slight reggae flourishes\" throughout. \" Lovers Rock\" was described as a collection of songs with sparse arrangements, based upon acoustic guitars with gently applied beats. \"Lovers Rock\" was seen as offering a more stripped-down, subtle backdrop than the band's previous work, and the album's production saw the use of modern dance beats and reggae. \" Lovers Rock\" was described as a concept album by a reviewer from Slant Magazine, who stated the album was lyrically a \"soundtrack for lovers, lovers who are in love and making love and lovers who have been scorned. \"", "All the Lovers \"All the Lovers\" is a song recorded by Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue for her eleventh studio album, \"Aphrodite\" (2010). One of the last songs to be recorded for the album, \"All the Lovers\" was written by Jim Eliot and Mima Stilwell and produced by the former. Stuart Price, the executive producer of \"Aphrodite\", was responsible for additional production and mixing of the song. Minogue felt \"All the Lovers\" summarised the \"euphoria\" of the album perfectly and chose it to be the lead single from \"Aphrodite\". It was then globally released by Parlophone as a CD single and digital download on 11 June 2010. \"All the Lovers\" is a midtempo disco song with influences of electropop music. The lyrics of the song serve as an invitation to the dance floor and an assertion that Minogue's past relationships do not \"compare\" to the one she shares with her present lover. Upon its release, \"All the Lovers\" garnered critical acclaim and was commended for its chorus and production. Many critics found it similar to Minogue's 2004 single \"I Believe in You\". Compared to the lead singles from Minogue's previous albums, \"All the Lovers\" underperformed in Australia and missed peaking inside the top ten of the Australian Singles Chart. However, it was a commercial success in Europe, reaching the top ten in numerous countries including Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain and Switzerland and the United Kingdom. In the latter country, \"All the Lovers\" peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart. A club hit in the United States, it topped the \"Billboard\" Hot Dance Club Songs chart. \"All the Lovers\" was certified gold in Australia, Italy, and the United Kingdom. An accompanying music video for \"", "Lovers Rock (Sade album) Lovers Rock is the fifth studio album by English band Sade, released on 13 November 2000 by Epic Records. \" Lovers Rock\" was titled after a style of reggae music known as lovers rock, noted for its romantic sound and content, which Sade listened to in her youth. \" Lovers Rock\" was seen as a departure from the band's previous use of jazz elements, opting instead for a wider use of musical elements from soul music, R&B, soft rock, folk music, dub, reggae and lovers rock. The album's production has been characterized as spare, with simple arrangements and reggae flourishes. A concept album, the lyrics focus on both the positive and the negative sides of love, the album's lyrical content also touches upon political themes. Upon release \"Lovers Rock\" was met with generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised the band's musical direction, the album earned Sade the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album. Commercially the album was a success reaching number 18 on the UK Albums Chart and number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200. It has since been certified triple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), having sold 3.9 million copies in the United States by February 2010. The album spawned two singles\u2014\"By Your Side\" and \"King of Sorrow\"\u2014and was further promoted by the band's Lovers Rock Tour. Following the release of \"Love Deluxe\" (1992), the band began an eight-year hiatus, during which Sade would experience media scrutiny and give birth to her first child. \"Love Deluxe\" was released as the band's fourth studio album on 26 October 1992. The album peaked at number three on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and has sold 3.4 million copies in the United States."], "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_447bb893509b46a9837c947fe7d2fa2f_0_q#1", "question": "Was this a succesful album?", "rewrite": "Was Calling All Lovers a succesful album?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Milan Parivodi\u0107 Milan Parivodi\u0107 Serbian Cyrillic \u041c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u045b (born in 1966 in Belgrade) was the Minister of Foreign Economic Relations in the Government of Serbia from 2004 to 2007. Also, between 14 November 2006 and 15 May 2007, he served as the acting Minister of Finance. Between 2007 and 2008 he was the advisor to the Prime Minister of Serbia for economy and law. Parivodi\u0107 graduated in Laws in 1990 (cum magna laude). He was awarded Master of Laws in 1995 defending thesis \u201cInternational Distribution Agreements\u201d. In 2002 Parivodi\u0107 was awarded Doctorate in Laws by defending doctoral thesis \u201cFranchising Contracts\u201d. All these degrees he earned from the Faculty of Laws of the University of Belgrade. He was also awarded an LLM degree from University College London in 1997. Took and passed the Serbian Bar Examination in 2008, and IP Attorney examination in 2000. Milan Parivodi\u0107 was a lecturer in civil law and property law at the University Of Belgrade Faculty Of Laws from 1991 to 2004. At this time he was a legal consultant for major foreign companies and banks. He also worked as a consultant for the World Bank. In this period he served as member of several law reform commissions and participated in drafting new laws: Foreign investment law, Law on concessions, Draft law on trade, Law on registered pledge, Law on religious freedom, Law on music and scenic activities. He lectured on judicial training programmes for commercial court judges organised by USAID. He was included in the \u00bblist of 10 highly experienced law offices\u00ab by the Serbian investment and export promotion agency (SIEPA) and the Serbian ministry of foreign economic relations. He was on recommended lawyers list of the US, UK and German embassies in Belgrade. Also he was registered as patent & trade mark attorney with the Yugoslav federal intellectual property.", "Jos\u00e9 M\u00e1rio Vaz Jos\u00e9 M\u00e1rio G\u00f3mes Vaz (born 10 December 1957) is the President of Guinea-Bissau, in office since 23 June 2014. Popularly known by the nickname \"Jomav,\" he was born in 1957 to M\u00e1rio Vaz and Amelia Gomes in Calequisse, outside the city of Cacheu in northern Guinea-Bissau, and is married with three children. He graduated as an economist in Lisbon he did an internship at the Office of Economic Studies of the Banco de Portugal in 1982. In 2004, he was elected as Mayor of Bissau, a position he held until 2009, when he was named by President Malam Bacai Sanh\u00e1 as Minister of Finance. He and the other ministers were ousted in the 2012 Guinea-Bissau coup d'etat. He is a member of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde and won the right to represent the party in the 2014 presidential election by besting eleven hopefuls during a two-day primary in March 2014. In the first round of the election, held on 13 April 2014, he won 40.9% of the votes, and entered a runoff with the second leading vote-getter, Nuno Gomes Nabiam, who was backed by the military. In the second round, on 18 May 2014, he received 61.9% of the vote. Though Gomes Nabiam initially contested the result, he conceded the election on 22 May 2014. During the election, M\u00e1rio Vaz promised to focus on reducing poverty and increasing investment in agriculture, as well as forgiveness for participation in the sorts of criminal activities that have turned Guinea-Bissau into a haven for drug traffickers. After the 2012 coup, he fled to Portugal, but returned in February 2013 and spent three days under arrest.", "Internet linguistics Internet linguistics is a domain of linguistics advocated by the English linguist David Crystal. It studies new language styles and forms that have arisen under the influence of the Internet and of other new media, such as Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging. Since the beginning of human-computer interaction (HCI) leading to computer-mediated communication (CMC) and Internet-mediated communication (IMC), experts have acknowledged that linguistics has a contributing role in it, in terms of web interface and usability. Studying the emerging language on the Internet can help improve conceptual organization, translation and web usability. Such study aims to benefit both linguists and web users. The study of Internet linguistics can take place through four main perspectives: sociolinguistics, education, stylistics and applied linguistics. Further dimensions have developed as a result of further technological advances - which include the development of the Web as corpus and the spread and influence of the stylistic variations brought forth by the spread of the Internet, through the mass media and through literary works. In view of the increasing number of users connected to the Internet, the linguistics future of the Internet remains to be determined, as new computer-mediated technologies continue to emerge and people adapt their languages to suit these new media. The Internet continues to play a significant role both in encouraging as well as in diverting attention away from the usage of languages. David Crystal has identified four main perspectives for further investigation \u2013 the sociolinguistic perspective, the educational perspective, the stylistic perspective and the applied perspective. The four perspectives are effectively interlinked and affect one another. This perspective deals with how society views the impact of Internet development on languages. The advent of the Internet has revolutionized communication in many ways; it changed the way people communicate and created new platforms with far-reaching social impact.", "The Latin text says \"Ex quibus Lucius Petrosidius aquilifer, cum magna multitudine hostium premeretur, aquilam intra vallum proiecit; ipse pro castris fortissime pugnans occiditur\" , which translates to \"From which Lucius Petrosidius, an Eagle-bearer, although hard pressed by a great multitude, threw the eagle behind the wall. He was killed most bravely fighting for the camp\" (; ).", "The \"\"cum magna laude\"\" citation she received for her doctorate supported the urgings of one of her supervisors, Ulrich Wilcken, that she should progress to a habilitation (higher academic qualification) which would have opened the conventional route to an academic career, but the inflation of the early 1920s had left the family finances in no position to support a further period of study. Starting in 1925 she was employed as a statistician in the private sector, before switching to the public sector in 1928. Her father died in 1926. She worked in Berlin as a between 1928 and 1945. In 1938 she began to participate in resistance activity, which led her to the Confessing Church. As the realities of the government mandated Shoah became apparent, she supported persecuted Jews and concentration camp inmates with food and medicaments. One victim of Nazi persecution whom she was able to hide from the authorities in her Berlin apartment during 1944/45 was a Communist called , whom she would later marry. Although the precise nature and extent of her resistance activity remain unclear, some details are summarized in her novel \"Jan und Jutta\", published in 1953. In 1944 she was interrogated by the Gestapo but not arrested. War ended in May 1945, leaving a large region surrounding Berlin administered as the Soviet occupation zone. She remained in what would later become known as East Berlin. Between May 1945 and July 1946 Welskopf-Henrich worked as a senior secretary with the city administration, based at Berlin-Charlottenburg. In 1946/47 she took on a leadership position with \"Baustoff-Ost GmbH\", a building materials organisation. Through the immediate postwar years much of her work was focused on questions involving economic planning. In 1946 she joined the Communist Party (KPD)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is calling all lovers an album?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_447bb893509b46a9837c947fe7d2fa2f_0_q#2", "question": "Did she win on dancing with the stars?", "rewrite": "Did Tamar Braxton win on Dancing with the Stars?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Vincent Herbert Vincent Herbert (born January 27, 1973) is an American songwriter, record producer, record executive, and founder of Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. He also attended Cambridge Christian School for grades 8\u201312. He has worked with artists such as Aaliyah, Tatyana Ali, Toni Braxton, Destinee & Paris, Destiny's Child, Dream, Hi-Five, JoJo, Mindless Behavior, OMG Girlz, Mishon Ratliff as well as Lady Gaga and his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton. Among other work, Herbert co-starred with his ex-wife in their WE tv reality series \"Tamar & Vince\" , a spinoff of her family's reality show Braxton Family Values, which premiered on the network on September 20, 2012. Herbert also managed his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton's career, and served as an executive producer on her second studio album \"Love and War\" which was released on his record label Streamline Records coincide with its parent label Interscope Records and Epic Records (all jointly signed Tamar as an artist to each label). His nickname through the years has stayed the same, vinnyherb. Herbert married singer Tamar Braxton, in 2008. The couple's son Logan Vincent Herbert was born in 2013. In October 2017, Braxton filed for divorce from Herbert, citing \"irreconcilable differences\" and is seeking joint custody of their son. Herbert and Braxton starred in the reality TV show \"Tamar & Vince\". \"Who Is Tamar Braxton's Husband\" \"Happy Father's Day to the love of my life, my best friend, my husband Vincent Herbert! Our son Logan...\"", "My Man (Tamar Braxton song) \"My Man\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was released as the lead single from the record on April 27, 2017, through eOne Entertainment and Braxton's independent record label Tamartian Land Records. \"My Man\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. A R&B and soul ballad and torch song, its lyrics are about infidelity and its negative impact on a relationship. Braxton wrote the song about her parents' marriage and their relationship following their divorce, and used her mother's perspective as inspiration. Critics responded positively to \"My Man\", praising Braxton's vocals and the lyrics. The single peaked at number three and twenty-one on \"Billboard\" Adult R&B Songs and Hot R&B Songs component charts, respectively. It was prominently featured on an episode of the reality television series \"Braxton Family Values\". To promote \"My Man\", Braxton performed it during the BET Awards 2017; she received primarily positive feedback from media outlets for her vocals and dramatic stage presence. Some commentators, however, believed Braxton was lip syncing. An accompanying video, released on June 25, 2017, features Braxton confronting her lover and his mistress in a hotel room. \"My Man\" was released as the lead single from Tamar Braxton's fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was the first song from Braxton's independent record label, Tamartian Land Records, which was created with the support of eOne Entertainment. She described the single and overall album as \"the first time you see an X-ray vision of Tamar and everything I've been through\".", "Let Me Know (Tamar Braxton song) \"Let Me Know\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton, featuring collaborative vocals by American rapper Future. Epic and Streamline Records released it as a digital download on October 7, 2014. Initially promoted as the lead single from Braxton's fourth studio album \"Calling All Lovers\", it was replaced by her 2015 release \"If I Don't Have You\" and was only included on the record's Walmart deluxe edition. Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter wrote \"Let Me Know\", while Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack produced the song. It is a R&B ballad, with lyrics revolving around the need for communication within a relationship. It samples the chorus of American singer Aaliyah's 1994 cover of The Isley Brothers' single \" (At Your Best) You Are Love\" (1976). Critical response to \"Let Me Know\" was positive; several critics praised Braxton's vocals, specifically her whistle register. It peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles \"Billboard\" chart; the single also appeared on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Airplay \"Billboard\" charts. Braxton directed the song's music video, which featured her in various outfits. It received positive feedback from critics. \"Let Me Know\" was written by Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Tamar Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter, while it was produced by Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack. Mack was also the track's engineer, with Jaycen Joshua handling mixing and Gene Grimaldi serving as the mastering engineer. Ryan Kaul and Maddoxx Chhim provided additional support as assistant engineers.", "Hot Sugar (Tamar Braxton song) \"Hot Sugar\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton. It was released on October 17, 2013 as the fourth single from her second studio album, \"Love and War\" (2013). American producer Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II wrote \"Hot Sugar\" in collaboration with Braxton and songwriters LaShawn Daniels and Mandakeba Riddick. Media outlets had varying opinions on the song's genre, with commentators associating it with club music, dance music, or funk. The lyrics revolve around maintaining a relationship with a partner. Critical response to \"Hot Sugar\" was mixed; some critics praised its sound while others negatively compared it to the album's ballads. It peaked within the top 50 on \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Digital Songs charts, as well as within the top 20 on the Hot R&B Songs chart. In the accompanying music video, Braxton performs in a Instagram-like social media platform (\"Tamartiangram\"). Critical response to the visual was mixed, and it received comparisons to videos by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. Braxton responded that the directors Steve Gomillion and Dennis Leupold abandoned the project, forcing her to hire a new team of editors to complete it. She has performed the song live on various occasions following its release. Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II produced \"Hot Sugar\", and wrote it alongside Tamar Braxton, Makeba Riddick, and LaShawn Daniels. Mike Donaldson recorded and mixed the music. \" Hot Sugar\" was released as a single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). In an interview with \"Essence\", Braxton said that she originally pushed for the song to be the lead single from the album.", "The One (Tamar Braxton song) \"The One\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). The song was released on May 7, 2013, as the second single from the album. Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the track. It is an uptempo song with lyrics about Braxton's love for her partner. \" The One\" samples Mtume's 1983 single \"Juicy Fruit\", previously used in The Notorious B.I.G.'s 1994 track \"Juicy\". Critical response to \"The One\" was positive, with some critics praising it for its associations with the summer. The single appeared on several \"Billboard\" component charts. Gil Green directed the single's music video, which features Braxton and her boyfriend on a date at the Santa Monica Pier. Commentators responded positively to the video. Braxton further promoted \"The One\" through live performances. Tamar Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the song, and worked on the backing vocals. Mike Donaldson mixed and recorded the track. The song was released on May 7, 2013 through Epic and Streamline, as the second single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). It was made available as a CD single and a digital download."], "answer": {"text": "withdraw from the competition due to health problems.", "answer_start": 56}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is calling all lovers an album?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a succesful album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_447bb893509b46a9837c947fe7d2fa2f_0_q#3", "question": "What kind of health problems did she have?", "rewrite": "What kind of health problems did Tamar Braxton have causing her to withdraw from Dancing with the Stars?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hot Sugar (Tamar Braxton song) \"Hot Sugar\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton. It was released on October 17, 2013 as the fourth single from her second studio album, \"Love and War\" (2013). American producer Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II wrote \"Hot Sugar\" in collaboration with Braxton and songwriters LaShawn Daniels and Mandakeba Riddick. Media outlets had varying opinions on the song's genre, with commentators associating it with club music, dance music, or funk. The lyrics revolve around maintaining a relationship with a partner. Critical response to \"Hot Sugar\" was mixed; some critics praised its sound while others negatively compared it to the album's ballads. It peaked within the top 50 on \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Digital Songs charts, as well as within the top 20 on the Hot R&B Songs chart. In the accompanying music video, Braxton performs in a Instagram-like social media platform (\"Tamartiangram\"). Critical response to the visual was mixed, and it received comparisons to videos by American singer Beyonc\u00e9. Braxton responded that the directors Steve Gomillion and Dennis Leupold abandoned the project, forcing her to hire a new team of editors to complete it. She has performed the song live on various occasions following its release. Kyle \"K2\" Stewart II produced \"Hot Sugar\", and wrote it alongside Tamar Braxton, Makeba Riddick, and LaShawn Daniels. Mike Donaldson recorded and mixed the music. \" Hot Sugar\" was released as a single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). In an interview with \"Essence\", Braxton said that she originally pushed for the song to be the lead single from the album.", "My Man (Tamar Braxton song) \"My Man\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was released as the lead single from the record on April 27, 2017, through eOne Entertainment and Braxton's independent record label Tamartian Land Records. \"My Man\" was produced by Bob Robinson Jr. and written by Braxton and Cory Rooney. A R&B and soul ballad and torch song, its lyrics are about infidelity and its negative impact on a relationship. Braxton wrote the song about her parents' marriage and their relationship following their divorce, and used her mother's perspective as inspiration. Critics responded positively to \"My Man\", praising Braxton's vocals and the lyrics. The single peaked at number three and twenty-one on \"Billboard\" Adult R&B Songs and Hot R&B Songs component charts, respectively. It was prominently featured on an episode of the reality television series \"Braxton Family Values\". To promote \"My Man\", Braxton performed it during the BET Awards 2017; she received primarily positive feedback from media outlets for her vocals and dramatic stage presence. Some commentators, however, believed Braxton was lip syncing. An accompanying video, released on June 25, 2017, features Braxton confronting her lover and his mistress in a hotel room. \"My Man\" was released as the lead single from Tamar Braxton's fifth studio album \"Bluebird of Happiness\" (2017). It was the first song from Braxton's independent record label, Tamartian Land Records, which was created with the support of eOne Entertainment. She described the single and overall album as \"the first time you see an X-ray vision of Tamar and everything I've been through\".", "Vincent Herbert Vincent Herbert (born January 27, 1973) is an American songwriter, record producer, record executive, and founder of Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. He also attended Cambridge Christian School for grades 8\u201312. He has worked with artists such as Aaliyah, Tatyana Ali, Toni Braxton, Destinee & Paris, Destiny's Child, Dream, Hi-Five, JoJo, Mindless Behavior, OMG Girlz, Mishon Ratliff as well as Lady Gaga and his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton. Among other work, Herbert co-starred with his ex-wife in their WE tv reality series \"Tamar & Vince\" , a spinoff of her family's reality show Braxton Family Values, which premiered on the network on September 20, 2012. Herbert also managed his ex-wife, Tamar Braxton's career, and served as an executive producer on her second studio album \"Love and War\" which was released on his record label Streamline Records coincide with its parent label Interscope Records and Epic Records (all jointly signed Tamar as an artist to each label). His nickname through the years has stayed the same, vinnyherb. Herbert married singer Tamar Braxton, in 2008. The couple's son Logan Vincent Herbert was born in 2013. In October 2017, Braxton filed for divorce from Herbert, citing \"irreconcilable differences\" and is seeking joint custody of their son. Herbert and Braxton starred in the reality TV show \"Tamar & Vince\". \"Who Is Tamar Braxton's Husband\" \"Happy Father's Day to the love of my life, my best friend, my husband Vincent Herbert! Our son Logan...\"", "Let Me Know (Tamar Braxton song) \"Let Me Know\" is a song by American singer Tamar Braxton, featuring collaborative vocals by American rapper Future. Epic and Streamline Records released it as a digital download on October 7, 2014. Initially promoted as the lead single from Braxton's fourth studio album \"Calling All Lovers\", it was replaced by her 2015 release \"If I Don't Have You\" and was only included on the record's Walmart deluxe edition. Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter wrote \"Let Me Know\", while Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack produced the song. It is a R&B ballad, with lyrics revolving around the need for communication within a relationship. It samples the chorus of American singer Aaliyah's 1994 cover of The Isley Brothers' single \" (At Your Best) You Are Love\" (1976). Critical response to \"Let Me Know\" was positive; several critics praised Braxton's vocals, specifically her whistle register. It peaked at number four on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles \"Billboard\" chart; the single also appeared on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs and R&B/ Hip-Hop Airplay \"Billboard\" charts. Braxton directed the song's music video, which featured her in various outfits. It received positive feedback from critics. \"Let Me Know\" was written by Al Sherrod \"A-Rod\" Lambert, Tamar Braxton, and Ericka J. Coulter, while it was produced by Harmony Samuels and Tiyon \"TC\" Mack. Mack was also the track's engineer, with Jaycen Joshua handling mixing and Gene Grimaldi serving as the mastering engineer. Ryan Kaul and Maddoxx Chhim provided additional support as assistant engineers.", "The One (Tamar Braxton song) \"The One\" is a song recorded by American singer Tamar Braxton from her second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). The song was released on May 7, 2013, as the second single from the album. Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the track. It is an uptempo song with lyrics about Braxton's love for her partner. \" The One\" samples Mtume's 1983 single \"Juicy Fruit\", previously used in The Notorious B.I.G.'s 1994 track \"Juicy\". Critical response to \"The One\" was positive, with some critics praising it for its associations with the summer. The single appeared on several \"Billboard\" component charts. Gil Green directed the single's music video, which features Braxton and her boyfriend on a date at the Santa Monica Pier. Commentators responded positively to the video. Braxton further promoted \"The One\" through live performances. Tamar Braxton co-wrote \"The One\" with Christopher Wallace, Christian Ward, James Mtume, Jean-Claude Olivier, Kevin Erondu, Sean Combs, and Shaunice Lasha Jones. Erondu produced the song, and worked on the backing vocals. Mike Donaldson mixed and recorded the track. The song was released on May 7, 2013 through Epic and Streamline, as the second single from Braxton's second studio album \"Love and War\" (2013). It was made available as a CD single and a digital download."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is calling all lovers an album?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a succesful album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win on dancing with the stars?", "answer": {"text": "withdraw from the competition due to health problems.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_447bb893509b46a9837c947fe7d2fa2f_0_q#4", "question": "Was the braxton family christmas a hit?", "rewrite": "Was the braxton family christmas a hit?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In October 2015, the group including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Townada, will be releasing a new material intituled \"Braxton Family Christmas\" as five members. The album will be released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th. \" Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 1 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015. On April 20, 2018, Trina, Towanda and Toni appears as featuring on their sister Traci's single \"Broken Things\" Since September 10, 2018, Braxton is a co-host of \"Sister Circle\" talk show for the TV One and TEGNA networks from 12:00 p.m. \u2013 1 p.m., along with Quad Webb-Lunceford, Syleena Johnson and Rashan Ali. On October 20, 2018, she was starred in the stage play \"Head Over Heel\", alongside Angie Stone, Karyn White, Q Parker, William Jackson, Tony Tone & Big Que. In parallel of her artistic career, she is co-owner of the recording studio 'The Bass Mint', located in Atlanta, which includes a recording studio and a studio to make films, television projects and music videos and founded her production company named \"Soltri Entertainment\". In 2014, she had launched a hair collection line. She had launched her bar-company Bar-Chix. Several days prior to the Braxton Family Values Season 6 premiere, Trina became engaged to boyfriend Von Scales while in Napa Valley. Sister Tamar confirmed the impending marriage during an appearance on the \"Wendy Williams Show\" on Sept. 18, 2019.", "In July 2014, a sneak peek of the fourth season of \"Braxton Family Values\" was uploaded via YouTube on WE tv's user account of the Braxton sisters discussing on doing a gospel record together. In the same time, Toni, Tamar and Trina guest starred on their sister Traci's music video \"Last Call\". In October 2015, the group including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Towanda, released an album titled \"Braxton Family Christmas\" as five members. The album was released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th. \" Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 1 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015.", "The album also reached #11 on the relaunched \"Billboard\" R&B Albums chart and at #1 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. A follow-up single \"Perfect Time\" was released in 2015. On January 14, 2015, she joined the judging panel of Mrs. DC America 2015. In October 2015, \"The Braxtons\" released their second album \"Braxton Family Christmas\". The album will be released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th. \" Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 1 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015. On May 17, 2016, during a Facebook live video on the Braxton Family Values page it was announced that Braxton will be releasing a new single in 2016 titled \"Body Shots\" from her upcoming second studio album. On May 21, 2017, she was starred on the stageplay \"There's a Stranger in My House\". On September 26, 2017, Braxton was featured on the Kokayi rapper title \"\"Moonlight\"\". On April 20, 2018, she was released the single \"Broken Things\" featuring her sisters Toni, Towanda and Trina. On August 3, 2018 Traci Braxton released \u201cLifeline\u201d as the official lead single from her sophomore album, \u201cOn Earth\u201d, which was released on August 24, 2018 In the same time, she made her movie acting debut in the feature film \"Sinners Wanted\". On June 13, 2019, she was acting in the movie \"All In\", starring Lil Mama\".", "Braxton Family Christmas Braxton Family Christmas is the first Christmas album, and second studio album overall, by R&B female group The Braxtons. The album was released on October 30, 2015, by Def Jam. \"Braxton Family Christmas\" consists of eight tracks, including three covers of Christmas standards and carols (\"This Christmas\", \"O' Holy Night\", and \"Mary, Did You Know?\"), three original songs (\"Every Day is Christmas\", \"Blessed New Year\", and \"Under My Christmas Tree\") and a cover of Wham!'s \"Last Christmas\". The family's reality show, Braxton Family Values, featured footage of the sisters throughout the recording process. The Black Media reviewed the album in an article, \"The Braxton Family finally got it done. For Four years fans have been waiting for the sisters to put a project out, together! We've seen Tamar Braxton's solo success, chart topping hits, and grammy nods. Trina's successful single releases, and Bar Chix grand opening, Towanda's acting career and assistant training services. Traci's radio career, and successful solo career and amazing album release, and of course Toni Braxton's return to music going platinum with Baby Face and winning a Grammy after almost quitting. Fans wanted one thing, a joint album...and we've got it\". Soul Tracks reviewed the album in an article, \"With unpredictable sales of full-length albums over the past decade, artist holiday collections have grown more scarce. That's why the release of a seasonal set by an act as storied and soulful as The Braxtons is a most welcome gift. Although only eight songs in length, Braxton Family Christmas is a delightful listen marked by an even mixture of standards and originals.", ", too/Got me all wrapped up, yes you do... Wish the whole world could feel the way I do.\" Rounding out the \"Braxton Family Christmas\" festivities are a lush ballad, \"Under My Christmas Tree,\" written by brother Michael (who duets with Toni atop a piano-driven backdrop graced by a soothing trumpet solo) and the 'Braxton Family Version' of \"This Christmas. \" The latter makes for a feel-good closer with a lively rhythmic structure and colorful, slightly jazzy background vocal arrangements. Straightforward, merry, and also spiritual with consistently authoritative vocals, \"Braxton Family Christmas\" is an ideal addition to the collection of any lover of uplifting holiday music. On November 5, 2015 \"Every Day is Christmas\" was released as the first single. The audio video for \"Every Day is Christmas\" was released on VEVO on November 9, 2015.\" \"Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 144 on the US Billboard 200 on January 9, 2016. The album charted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 4 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015 and has since peaked at number 1. The seasonal effort has sold 21,000 to date. The Braxtons performed \"Mary, Did You Know?\" and \"Under My Christmas Tree\" with their brother Michael Braxton Jr on the daytime talk show\"The Real\" (which the youngest Braxton sibling Tamar co-hosts) on December 18, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 27 on the US Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums,", "answer_start": 209}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is calling all lovers an album?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a succesful album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win on dancing with the stars?", "answer": {"text": "withdraw from the competition due to health problems.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kind of health problems did she have?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_447bb893509b46a9837c947fe7d2fa2f_0_q#5", "question": "Did any singles come of it?", "rewrite": "Did any singles come of the braxton family christmas?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Braxton Family Christmas Braxton Family Christmas is the first Christmas album, and second studio album overall, by R&B female group The Braxtons. The album was released on October 30, 2015, by Def Jam. \"Braxton Family Christmas\" consists of eight tracks, including three covers of Christmas standards and carols (\"This Christmas\", \"O' Holy Night\", and \"Mary, Did You Know?\"), three original songs (\"Every Day is Christmas\", \"Blessed New Year\", and \"Under My Christmas Tree\") and a cover of Wham!'s \"Last Christmas\". The family's reality show, Braxton Family Values, featured footage of the sisters throughout the recording process. The Black Media reviewed the album in an article, \"The Braxton Family finally got it done. For Four years fans have been waiting for the sisters to put a project out, together! We've seen Tamar Braxton's solo success, chart topping hits, and grammy nods. Trina's successful single releases, and Bar Chix grand opening, Towanda's acting career and assistant training services. Traci's radio career, and successful solo career and amazing album release, and of course Toni Braxton's return to music going platinum with Baby Face and winning a Grammy after almost quitting. Fans wanted one thing, a joint album...and we've got it\". Soul Tracks reviewed the album in an article, \"With unpredictable sales of full-length albums over the past decade, artist holiday collections have grown more scarce. That's why the release of a seasonal set by an act as storied and soulful as The Braxtons is a most welcome gift. Although only eight songs in length, Braxton Family Christmas is a delightful listen marked by an even mixture of standards and originals.", "The album also reached #11 on the relaunched \"Billboard\" R&B Albums chart and at #1 on the Heatseekers Albums chart. A follow-up single \"Perfect Time\" was released in 2015. On January 14, 2015, she joined the judging panel of Mrs. DC America 2015. In October 2015, \"The Braxtons\" released their second album \"Braxton Family Christmas\". The album will be released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th. \" Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 1 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015. On May 17, 2016, during a Facebook live video on the Braxton Family Values page it was announced that Braxton will be releasing a new single in 2016 titled \"Body Shots\" from her upcoming second studio album. On May 21, 2017, she was starred on the stageplay \"There's a Stranger in My House\". On September 26, 2017, Braxton was featured on the Kokayi rapper title \"\"Moonlight\"\". On April 20, 2018, she was released the single \"Broken Things\" featuring her sisters Toni, Towanda and Trina. On August 3, 2018 Traci Braxton released \u201cLifeline\u201d as the official lead single from her sophomore album, \u201cOn Earth\u201d, which was released on August 24, 2018 In the same time, she made her movie acting debut in the feature film \"Sinners Wanted\". On June 13, 2019, she was acting in the movie \"All In\", starring Lil Mama\".", ", too/Got me all wrapped up, yes you do... Wish the whole world could feel the way I do.\" Rounding out the \"Braxton Family Christmas\" festivities are a lush ballad, \"Under My Christmas Tree,\" written by brother Michael (who duets with Toni atop a piano-driven backdrop graced by a soothing trumpet solo) and the 'Braxton Family Version' of \"This Christmas. \" The latter makes for a feel-good closer with a lively rhythmic structure and colorful, slightly jazzy background vocal arrangements. Straightforward, merry, and also spiritual with consistently authoritative vocals, \"Braxton Family Christmas\" is an ideal addition to the collection of any lover of uplifting holiday music. On November 5, 2015 \"Every Day is Christmas\" was released as the first single. The audio video for \"Every Day is Christmas\" was released on VEVO on November 9, 2015.\" \"Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 144 on the US Billboard 200 on January 9, 2016. The album charted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 4 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015 and has since peaked at number 1. The seasonal effort has sold 21,000 to date. The Braxtons performed \"Mary, Did You Know?\" and \"Under My Christmas Tree\" with their brother Michael Braxton Jr on the daytime talk show\"The Real\" (which the youngest Braxton sibling Tamar co-hosts) on December 18, 2015.", "In October 2015, the group including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Townada, will be releasing a new material intituled \"Braxton Family Christmas\" as five members. The album will be released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th. \" Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 1 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015. On April 20, 2018, Trina, Towanda and Toni appears as featuring on their sister Traci's single \"Broken Things\" Since September 10, 2018, Braxton is a co-host of \"Sister Circle\" talk show for the TV One and TEGNA networks from 12:00 p.m. \u2013 1 p.m., along with Quad Webb-Lunceford, Syleena Johnson and Rashan Ali. On October 20, 2018, she was starred in the stage play \"Head Over Heel\", alongside Angie Stone, Karyn White, Q Parker, William Jackson, Tony Tone & Big Que. In parallel of her artistic career, she is co-owner of the recording studio 'The Bass Mint', located in Atlanta, which includes a recording studio and a studio to make films, television projects and music videos and founded her production company named \"Soltri Entertainment\". In 2014, she had launched a hair collection line. She had launched her bar-company Bar-Chix. Several days prior to the Braxton Family Values Season 6 premiere, Trina became engaged to boyfriend Von Scales while in Napa Valley. Sister Tamar confirmed the impending marriage during an appearance on the \"Wendy Williams Show\" on Sept. 18, 2019.", "In July 2014, a sneak peek of the fourth season of \"Braxton Family Values\" was uploaded via YouTube on WE tv's user account of the Braxton sisters discussing on doing a gospel record together. In the same time, Toni, Tamar and Trina guest starred on their sister Traci's music video \"Last Call\". In October 2015, the group including Toni, Tamar, Traci, Trina and Towanda, released an album titled \"Braxton Family Christmas\" as five members. The album was released on October 30 and pre-order on October 16th. \" Braxton Family Christmas\" debuted at number 27 on the US \"Billboard\" R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, number 10 on the US R&B Chart and number 12 on US Top Holiday Albums on November 21, 2015. The album charted at number 1 on the US Heatseekers Albums on December 12, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Is calling all lovers an album?", "answer": {"text": "the album Calling All Lovers", "answer_start": 1226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this a succesful album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win on dancing with the stars?", "answer": {"text": "withdraw from the competition due to health problems.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kind of health problems did she have?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was the braxton family christmas a hit?", "answer": {"text": "debuted at number 27 on the US Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums,", "answer_start": 209, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#0", "question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "rewrite": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Russell Gerry Thomas Russell Gerry (December 8, 1794 \u2013 October 8, 1848) was an American sailor who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution and was a son of the 5th U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 8, 1794 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of ten children born to Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814), a Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President, and Ann (n\u00e9e Thompson) Gerry (1763\u20131849), who was near twenty years his father's junior. At his parent's wedding, his father's best man was his good friend James Monroe. His maternal grandfather Charles Thompson was a wealthy New York merchant who served as secretary of Congress. His paternal grandparents were Thomas Gerry (1702\u20131774), a merchant who operated ships out of Marblehead, and Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Greenleaf) Gerry (1716\u20131771), the daughter of a successful Boston merchant. On December 6, 1814, Gerry was appointed and served as a midshipman in the United States Navy. His brother, James Thompson Gerry (1797\u20131854), was commander of the USS \"Albany\", a United States Navy war sloop, when it was sunk on September 28, 1854. In November 1818, his mother Ann wrote to the Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, soliciting his promotion and expressing thanks for the promotion of his elder brother, Elbridge Gerry Jr. (1793\u20131867) In February 1822, his brother Elbridge also wrote to the Secretary of the Navy recommending his Thomas' promotion to Lieutenant. On January 13, 1825, Gerry was promoted to lieutenant. Gerry resigned from the Navy as a lieutenant on August 27, 1833, a few years after his marriage.", "Elbridge Gerry Mansion The Elbridge T. Gerry Mansion was a lavish mansion built in 1895 and located at 2 East 61st Street, near the intersection of Fifth Avenue, in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It was built for Commodore Elbridge Thomas Gerry, a grandson of statesman Elbridge Gerry. Elbridge Thomas Gerry (1837\u20131927) hired architect Richard Morris Hunt to design a French Renaissance chateau. Gerry specifically told Hunt that he needed space to house his collection of 30,000 law books. Plans for the house were formally announced in \"The New York Times\" on May 15, 1892. Construction began by 1895, and after a reported $3,000,000 in construction costs, the residence was opened officially in 1897. The entrance of the structure, via an iron porte-coch\u00e8re, was based on the Louis XIII wing of the Ch\u00e2teau de Blois. The Gerry mansion became a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers. Gerry owned sculptural spandrel figures \"Night\" and \"Day\" by Isidore Konti. In his home, he displayed his extensive international art collection, which included such works as Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me's \"Plaza de Toros,\" a Jean-Jacques Henner bust portrait, Mih\u00e1ly Munk\u00e1csy's \"Lac Chambre du Nourrisson\" from 1884, Adolph Tidemand's \"Sunday Morning in Norway,\" James Edward Freeman's \"The Cave of Gasparoni\" and \"Study of a Young Girl,\" Jehan Georges Vibert's \"The Cardinal's Nephew,\" Adolf Schreyer's \"The Advance Guard,\" Achillo Guerra's \"Absolution of Beatrice Cenci,\" Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant's \"Venice:", "Elbridge Thomas Gerry Elbridge Thomas Gerry (December 25, 1837 \u2013 February 18, 1927), usually called \"Commodore\" Gerry due to the office he held with the New York Yacht Club from 1886 to 1892, was an American lawyer and reformer who was the grandson of U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 25, 1837, In Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Thomas Russell Gerry (1794\u20131848), who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet (1804\u20131845), of another prominent family. In 1857, Gerry graduated from Columbia College, with honors. His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814). His cousins included Elbridge Gerry (1813\u20131886), who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, George Goelet Kip and Robert Walton Goelet (1880\u20131941) who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. His maternal great-grandfather was Peter Goelet (1727\u20131811). In 1879, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his mother's brother, Peter Goelet (1800\u20131879). After graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry. In 1874, Gerry took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York.", "Elbridge Gerry House The Elbridge Gerry House is a historic house at 44 Washington Street in Marblehead, Massachusetts. Local lore holds that this house is a c. 1730 house that was the home of merchant Thomas Gerry, and the place where statesman Elbridge Gerry was born in 1744. Stylistic analysis of the house, however, suggests that it is instead a late Georgian or early Federalist construction dating to c. 1790. The house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and included in the Marblehead Historic District in 1984.", "After her 1913 divorce, she married Francis B. Griswold. Elbridge Gerry (1853-1907) graduated from Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School. He practiced law in Maine and New York City before accepting appointment as vice consul in Le Havre, France in 1885. He remained in Europe after resigning in 1887, and died in Siena, Italy. Elizabeth Jenness Gerry (1852-1912), was the wife of Greek diplomat Constantin Pangiris. Many sources indicate that Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) was the grandson of Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814). This seems to be in error; the ancestry of Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) can be traced to his father Peter (1776-1847); Peter's father Nathaniel Gerry (or Geary) (1733-1791); Nathaniel's father Thomas; Nathaniel's grandfather, also named Thomas; and Nathaniel's great-grandfather Thomas Gery (or Gary)."], "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#1", "question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "rewrite": "Why was Elbridge Gerry so opposed to taxes?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Russell Gerry Thomas Russell Gerry (December 8, 1794 \u2013 October 8, 1848) was an American sailor who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution and was a son of the 5th U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 8, 1794 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of ten children born to Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814), a Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President, and Ann (n\u00e9e Thompson) Gerry (1763\u20131849), who was near twenty years his father's junior. At his parent's wedding, his father's best man was his good friend James Monroe. His maternal grandfather Charles Thompson was a wealthy New York merchant who served as secretary of Congress. His paternal grandparents were Thomas Gerry (1702\u20131774), a merchant who operated ships out of Marblehead, and Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Greenleaf) Gerry (1716\u20131771), the daughter of a successful Boston merchant. On December 6, 1814, Gerry was appointed and served as a midshipman in the United States Navy. His brother, James Thompson Gerry (1797\u20131854), was commander of the USS \"Albany\", a United States Navy war sloop, when it was sunk on September 28, 1854. In November 1818, his mother Ann wrote to the Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, soliciting his promotion and expressing thanks for the promotion of his elder brother, Elbridge Gerry Jr. (1793\u20131867) In February 1822, his brother Elbridge also wrote to the Secretary of the Navy recommending his Thomas' promotion to Lieutenant. On January 13, 1825, Gerry was promoted to lieutenant. Gerry resigned from the Navy as a lieutenant on August 27, 1833, a few years after his marriage.", "Elbridge Gerry House The Elbridge Gerry House is a historic house at 44 Washington Street in Marblehead, Massachusetts. Local lore holds that this house is a c. 1730 house that was the home of merchant Thomas Gerry, and the place where statesman Elbridge Gerry was born in 1744. Stylistic analysis of the house, however, suggests that it is instead a late Georgian or early Federalist construction dating to c. 1790. The house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and included in the Marblehead Historic District in 1984.", "After her 1913 divorce, she married Francis B. Griswold. Elbridge Gerry (1853-1907) graduated from Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School. He practiced law in Maine and New York City before accepting appointment as vice consul in Le Havre, France in 1885. He remained in Europe after resigning in 1887, and died in Siena, Italy. Elizabeth Jenness Gerry (1852-1912), was the wife of Greek diplomat Constantin Pangiris. Many sources indicate that Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) was the grandson of Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814). This seems to be in error; the ancestry of Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) can be traced to his father Peter (1776-1847); Peter's father Nathaniel Gerry (or Geary) (1733-1791); Nathaniel's father Thomas; Nathaniel's grandfather, also named Thomas; and Nathaniel's great-grandfather Thomas Gery (or Gary).", "Elbridge Gerry Mansion The Elbridge T. Gerry Mansion was a lavish mansion built in 1895 and located at 2 East 61st Street, near the intersection of Fifth Avenue, in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It was built for Commodore Elbridge Thomas Gerry, a grandson of statesman Elbridge Gerry. Elbridge Thomas Gerry (1837\u20131927) hired architect Richard Morris Hunt to design a French Renaissance chateau. Gerry specifically told Hunt that he needed space to house his collection of 30,000 law books. Plans for the house were formally announced in \"The New York Times\" on May 15, 1892. Construction began by 1895, and after a reported $3,000,000 in construction costs, the residence was opened officially in 1897. The entrance of the structure, via an iron porte-coch\u00e8re, was based on the Louis XIII wing of the Ch\u00e2teau de Blois. The Gerry mansion became a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers. Gerry owned sculptural spandrel figures \"Night\" and \"Day\" by Isidore Konti. In his home, he displayed his extensive international art collection, which included such works as Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me's \"Plaza de Toros,\" a Jean-Jacques Henner bust portrait, Mih\u00e1ly Munk\u00e1csy's \"Lac Chambre du Nourrisson\" from 1884, Adolph Tidemand's \"Sunday Morning in Norway,\" James Edward Freeman's \"The Cave of Gasparoni\" and \"Study of a Young Girl,\" Jehan Georges Vibert's \"The Cardinal's Nephew,\" Adolf Schreyer's \"The Advance Guard,\" Achillo Guerra's \"Absolution of Beatrice Cenci,\" Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant's \"Venice:", "Elbridge Thomas Gerry Elbridge Thomas Gerry (December 25, 1837 \u2013 February 18, 1927), usually called \"Commodore\" Gerry due to the office he held with the New York Yacht Club from 1886 to 1892, was an American lawyer and reformer who was the grandson of U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 25, 1837, In Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Thomas Russell Gerry (1794\u20131848), who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet (1804\u20131845), of another prominent family. In 1857, Gerry graduated from Columbia College, with honors. His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814). His cousins included Elbridge Gerry (1813\u20131886), who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, George Goelet Kip and Robert Walton Goelet (1880\u20131941) who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. His maternal great-grandfather was Peter Goelet (1727\u20131811). In 1879, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his mother's brother, Peter Goelet (1800\u20131879). After graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry. In 1874, Gerry took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than Eldbridge Gerry's opposition to taxes, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "Wayland Holyfield Wayland D. Holyfield (born March 15, 1942) is a prominent American songwriter and leader in the songwriting community. His music has been regarded as a standard for \u201chonest simplicity\u201d in the Nashville writing community. Wayland Holyfield was born in Mallettown, Conway County, Arkansas. He was educated in Arkansas public schools and attended Hendrix College at Conway, Arkansas before graduating from the University of Arkansas with a degree in marketing in 1965. Prior to his musical career Holyfield was a wholesale appliance salesman and advertising account manager. He and his wife, Nancy, have three grown children, Greg, Mark and Lee. In 1972, Holyfield left Arkansas and moved to Nashville, Tennessee to pursue a songwriting career and his first song was recorded in 1973. He received his first number one hit with \"Rednecks, White Socks and Blue Ribbon Beer\". In 1975, Holyfield achieved his first solo number one hit \" You're My Best Friend\" recorded by Don Williams. In addition to Williams, Holyfield's songs have been recorded by numerous Nashville luminaries including George Strait, Reba McEntire, Barbara Mandrell, Kathy Mattea, Tammy Wynette, Conway Twitty, Charley Pride, Randy Travis, The Judds, Mark Chesnutt, John Anderson, Mel Street, Gary Allan, Johnny Rodriguez, Danny Wood (the country singer and bassist, not to be confused with the member of New Kids on the Block), The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, The Oak Ridge Boys, Ernest Tubb, Anne Murray, Charly McClain and others. During his career Holyfield was writer of over 40 Top Ten hits and 14 #1 hits. Some of his best-known songs are \" Could I Have This Dance\", \"Some Broken Hearts Never Mend\", \"Till The Rivers All Run Dry\",", "2014 French Open \u2013 Legends Under 45 Doubles  C\u00e9dric Pioline and Fabrice Santoro were the defending champions, but Pioline instead competed in the Legends Over 45 Doubles event. Santoro played alongside S\u00e9bastien Grosjean in the round robin. Mansour Bahrami and Fabrice Santoro won the title, defeating Arnaud Cl\u00e9ment and Nicolas Escud\u00e9 in the final, 6\u20132, 2\u20136, [11\u20139].", "In October 2008, former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating stated that he believes it is misguided for people to gather each year at Anzac Cove to commemorate the landing at Gallipoli, because it is \"utter and complete nonsense\" to suggest that the nation was \"born again or even, redeemed there.\" The then Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd rejected Keating's views, saying the Gallipoli campaign is \"part of our national consciousness, it's part of our national psyche, it's part of our national identity, and I, for one, as Prime Minister of the country, am absolutely proud of it.\" Some critics have suggested that the revival in public interest in Anzac Day amongst the young results from the fact that younger Australians have not themselves experienced war. Critics see the revival as part of a rise of unreflective nationalism in Australia which was particularly fostered by the then Australian Prime Minister John Howard. Some historians believe Anzac Day events are now on the decline, although it's likely there will continue to be smaller dawn services and official events in the future. Dr Martin Crotty thought that perhaps it was now a ritual for older, traditional Australians, with old values of mateship and loyalty and even as a \"reaction against globalisation\"; however, Dr Carolyn Holbrook disagrees, arguing that young people are responsible for the resurgence, and among older people there is a big group of sceptics, Baby Boomers who were influenced by Vietnam War protests. Other criticisms have revolved around a perceived overzealousness in Australian attachment to the event, either from participants unaware of the loss or when the focus is at the expense of remembrance of the contribution of New Zealand.", "Belleville-sur-Vie Belleville-sur-Vie is a former commune in the Vend\u00e9e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bellevigny. Belleville-sur-Vie is situated 15 km north of La Roche-sur-Yon and 40 km from Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie on the Atlantic coast. The commune has an area of 1516 ha. 17 ha comprise 4 parks and 32 ha of green spaces. The main water source is the river Vie, a 62 km long stream which empties into the Atlantic at Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie. The river has four tributaries, the Jaunay, the Petite Boulogne, the Gu\u00e9 Gorand and the Ligneron. In twenty years the region has doubled in population to the total of 3,838 (INSEE 01/01/2009). 58% of the population is 40 years old and younger and 36% less than 25 years old. 100 commercial enterprises employ around 1400 people in the area. Belleville-sur-Vie belongs to the group of 'communes' of Boulogne which also includes: Aizenay, Beaufou, La G\u00e9n\u00e9touze, Le Poir\u00e9-sur-Vie, Les Lucs-sur-Boulogne, St. Denis la Chevasse et Saligny. It also belongs equally to the region 'Yon et Vie' which is a part of 23 communities belonging to the region 'La Roche-sur-Yon'. Belleville-sur-Vie won two flowers at the cities and villages flowers competition (palmar\u00e8s 2009). The first flower was awarded in 2007. The second flower was then awarded in 2009."], "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#3", "question": "What happened with the mob?", "rewrite": "What happened with the mob that caused Eldbridge Gerry to resign?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Belleville-sur-Vie Belleville-sur-Vie is a former commune in the Vend\u00e9e department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bellevigny. Belleville-sur-Vie is situated 15 km north of La Roche-sur-Yon and 40 km from Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie on the Atlantic coast. The commune has an area of 1516 ha. 17 ha comprise 4 parks and 32 ha of green spaces. The main water source is the river Vie, a 62 km long stream which empties into the Atlantic at Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie. The river has four tributaries, the Jaunay, the Petite Boulogne, the Gu\u00e9 Gorand and the Ligneron. In twenty years the region has doubled in population to the total of 3,838 (INSEE 01/01/2009). 58% of the population is 40 years old and younger and 36% less than 25 years old. 100 commercial enterprises employ around 1400 people in the area. Belleville-sur-Vie belongs to the group of 'communes' of Boulogne which also includes: Aizenay, Beaufou, La G\u00e9n\u00e9touze, Le Poir\u00e9-sur-Vie, Les Lucs-sur-Boulogne, St. Denis la Chevasse et Saligny. It also belongs equally to the region 'Yon et Vie' which is a part of 23 communities belonging to the region 'La Roche-sur-Yon'. Belleville-sur-Vie won two flowers at the cities and villages flowers competition (palmar\u00e8s 2009). The first flower was awarded in 2007. The second flower was then awarded in 2009.", "In a 1979 \"20/20\" interview WerBell claimed that Coca-Cola had hired him for $1 million to take care of kidnapping threats against its Argentine executives during an urban terrorist wave in 1973. Coca-Cola later denied the claim. Later in life WerBell claimed he was a retired Lieutenant General in the Royal Free Afghan Army or sometimes an Afghan Defense Minister after supplying Afghanistan with large weapons contracts and training. WerBell claimed he was given the billet of Major General in the US Army to allow him to travel freely in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War to demonstrate and sell his silenced submachineguns and sound suppressors. This has been confirmed by Major General John Singlaub and Lt Col. William Mozey. Other exploits include an alleged, but unsubstantiated, presence at Dealey Plaza on November 22, 1963 when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated; spearheading the 1965 Invasion of the Dominican Republic; being tried and acquitted on charges of conspiracy to marijuana smuggling reportedly in association with Gerry Patrick Hemming and with the acquiescence of Lucien Conein; and providing physical security services and training for Lyndon LaRouche security forces. In 1988, Sheriff Sherman Block of Los Angeles announced that \"Hustler\" publisher Larry Flynt wrote WerBell a $1 million check in 1983 to kill Hugh Hefner, Bob Guccione, Walter Annenberg, and Frank Sinatra. Los Angeles television station KNBC displayed a photocopy of the check. WerBell died in Los Angeles a month after receiving the check.", "In October 2008, former Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating stated that he believes it is misguided for people to gather each year at Anzac Cove to commemorate the landing at Gallipoli, because it is \"utter and complete nonsense\" to suggest that the nation was \"born again or even, redeemed there.\" The then Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd rejected Keating's views, saying the Gallipoli campaign is \"part of our national consciousness, it's part of our national psyche, it's part of our national identity, and I, for one, as Prime Minister of the country, am absolutely proud of it.\" Some critics have suggested that the revival in public interest in Anzac Day amongst the young results from the fact that younger Australians have not themselves experienced war. Critics see the revival as part of a rise of unreflective nationalism in Australia which was particularly fostered by the then Australian Prime Minister John Howard. Some historians believe Anzac Day events are now on the decline, although it's likely there will continue to be smaller dawn services and official events in the future. Dr Martin Crotty thought that perhaps it was now a ritual for older, traditional Australians, with old values of mateship and loyalty and even as a \"reaction against globalisation\"; however, Dr Carolyn Holbrook disagrees, arguing that young people are responsible for the resurgence, and among older people there is a big group of sceptics, Baby Boomers who were influenced by Vietnam War protests. Other criticisms have revolved around a perceived overzealousness in Australian attachment to the event, either from participants unaware of the loss or when the focus is at the expense of remembrance of the contribution of New Zealand.", "He was one of the founding members of the Washington, D.C., chapter in 1887. He attended Annual Meetings of the Washington Chapter including the January 7, 1898, meeting. In 1889, he was elected for 1 year as a member of the Board of Directors of the American Institute of Architects. He became an Inspector of Federal Buildings in the Office of the Supervising Architect under the United States Department of the Treasury in 1889 after closing his private office in June of that year. He inspected the Ellis Island buildings in February 1892 and wrote a report on July 15, 1892, a few months after the first Immigration Station opened. He testified in front of the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization on how the humidity was a concern in the building only a few months after it was built. He also inspected many other buildings around the country including the Post Office designed by Alfred B. Mullet in Chicago. On September 1, 1894, a few months after the death of his wife and after the victory by the Democrats, we was asked for his resignation by Secretary of the Treasury John G. Carlisle. He had solicited letters of support from several prominent people but was replaced by a Democrat. On February 8, 1859, he married Rosa Schmidt (1835-1894) at Zion Lutheran Church in Baltimore, MD. They lived in a row house at 413 2nd St NW between D St NW and E St NW for thirty-five years. They raised seven children in that house. His wife died on April 10, 1894 a year after her son Robert of a lengthy respiratory illness. Following the death of Robert, Carl and Rosa Schmidt, Flora and Anita moved to their sister Lillian's house. As published in the Evening Star on March 18, 1897, Cluss was on the Delinquent District of Columbia Real Estate Tax List owing $8.41 as of July 1, 1896.", "Wayland Holyfield Wayland D. Holyfield (born March 15, 1942) is a prominent American songwriter and leader in the songwriting community. His music has been regarded as a standard for \u201chonest simplicity\u201d in the Nashville writing community. Wayland Holyfield was born in Mallettown, Conway County, Arkansas. He was educated in Arkansas public schools and attended Hendrix College at Conway, Arkansas before graduating from the University of Arkansas with a degree in marketing in 1965. Prior to his musical career Holyfield was a wholesale appliance salesman and advertising account manager. He and his wife, Nancy, have three grown children, Greg, Mark and Lee. In 1972, Holyfield left Arkansas and moved to Nashville, Tennessee to pursue a songwriting career and his first song was recorded in 1973. He received his first number one hit with \"Rednecks, White Socks and Blue Ribbon Beer\". In 1975, Holyfield achieved his first solo number one hit \" You're My Best Friend\" recorded by Don Williams. In addition to Williams, Holyfield's songs have been recorded by numerous Nashville luminaries including George Strait, Reba McEntire, Barbara Mandrell, Kathy Mattea, Tammy Wynette, Conway Twitty, Charley Pride, Randy Travis, The Judds, Mark Chesnutt, John Anderson, Mel Street, Gary Allan, Johnny Rodriguez, Danny Wood (the country singer and bassist, not to be confused with the member of New Kids on the Block), The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, The Oak Ridge Boys, Ernest Tubb, Anne Murray, Charly McClain and others. During his career Holyfield was writer of over 40 Top Ten hits and 14 #1 hits. Some of his best-known songs are \" Could I Have This Dance\", \"Some Broken Hearts Never Mend\", \"Till The Rivers All Run Dry\","], "answer": {"text": "the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1056}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#4", "question": "Did Gerry have anything to do with that incident?", "rewrite": "Did Elbridge Gerry have anything to do with the incident?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Thomas Russell Gerry Thomas Russell Gerry (December 8, 1794 \u2013 October 8, 1848) was an American sailor who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution and was a son of the 5th U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 8, 1794 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of ten children born to Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814), a Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President, and Ann (n\u00e9e Thompson) Gerry (1763\u20131849), who was near twenty years his father's junior. At his parent's wedding, his father's best man was his good friend James Monroe. His maternal grandfather Charles Thompson was a wealthy New York merchant who served as secretary of Congress. His paternal grandparents were Thomas Gerry (1702\u20131774), a merchant who operated ships out of Marblehead, and Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Greenleaf) Gerry (1716\u20131771), the daughter of a successful Boston merchant. On December 6, 1814, Gerry was appointed and served as a midshipman in the United States Navy. His brother, James Thompson Gerry (1797\u20131854), was commander of the USS \"Albany\", a United States Navy war sloop, when it was sunk on September 28, 1854. In November 1818, his mother Ann wrote to the Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, soliciting his promotion and expressing thanks for the promotion of his elder brother, Elbridge Gerry Jr. (1793\u20131867) In February 1822, his brother Elbridge also wrote to the Secretary of the Navy recommending his Thomas' promotion to Lieutenant. On January 13, 1825, Gerry was promoted to lieutenant. Gerry resigned from the Navy as a lieutenant on August 27, 1833, a few years after his marriage.", "After her 1913 divorce, she married Francis B. Griswold. Elbridge Gerry (1853-1907) graduated from Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School. He practiced law in Maine and New York City before accepting appointment as vice consul in Le Havre, France in 1885. He remained in Europe after resigning in 1887, and died in Siena, Italy. Elizabeth Jenness Gerry (1852-1912), was the wife of Greek diplomat Constantin Pangiris. Many sources indicate that Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) was the grandson of Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814). This seems to be in error; the ancestry of Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) can be traced to his father Peter (1776-1847); Peter's father Nathaniel Gerry (or Geary) (1733-1791); Nathaniel's father Thomas; Nathaniel's grandfather, also named Thomas; and Nathaniel's great-grandfather Thomas Gery (or Gary).", "Elbridge Gerry House The Elbridge Gerry House is a historic house at 44 Washington Street in Marblehead, Massachusetts. Local lore holds that this house is a c. 1730 house that was the home of merchant Thomas Gerry, and the place where statesman Elbridge Gerry was born in 1744. Stylistic analysis of the house, however, suggests that it is instead a late Georgian or early Federalist construction dating to c. 1790. The house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and included in the Marblehead Historic District in 1984.", "Elbridge Gerry Mansion The Elbridge T. Gerry Mansion was a lavish mansion built in 1895 and located at 2 East 61st Street, near the intersection of Fifth Avenue, in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It was built for Commodore Elbridge Thomas Gerry, a grandson of statesman Elbridge Gerry. Elbridge Thomas Gerry (1837\u20131927) hired architect Richard Morris Hunt to design a French Renaissance chateau. Gerry specifically told Hunt that he needed space to house his collection of 30,000 law books. Plans for the house were formally announced in \"The New York Times\" on May 15, 1892. Construction began by 1895, and after a reported $3,000,000 in construction costs, the residence was opened officially in 1897. The entrance of the structure, via an iron porte-coch\u00e8re, was based on the Louis XIII wing of the Ch\u00e2teau de Blois. The Gerry mansion became a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers. Gerry owned sculptural spandrel figures \"Night\" and \"Day\" by Isidore Konti. In his home, he displayed his extensive international art collection, which included such works as Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me's \"Plaza de Toros,\" a Jean-Jacques Henner bust portrait, Mih\u00e1ly Munk\u00e1csy's \"Lac Chambre du Nourrisson\" from 1884, Adolph Tidemand's \"Sunday Morning in Norway,\" James Edward Freeman's \"The Cave of Gasparoni\" and \"Study of a Young Girl,\" Jehan Georges Vibert's \"The Cardinal's Nephew,\" Adolf Schreyer's \"The Advance Guard,\" Achillo Guerra's \"Absolution of Beatrice Cenci,\" Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant's \"Venice:", "Elbridge Thomas Gerry Elbridge Thomas Gerry (December 25, 1837 \u2013 February 18, 1927), usually called \"Commodore\" Gerry due to the office he held with the New York Yacht Club from 1886 to 1892, was an American lawyer and reformer who was the grandson of U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 25, 1837, In Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Thomas Russell Gerry (1794\u20131848), who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet (1804\u20131845), of another prominent family. In 1857, Gerry graduated from Columbia College, with honors. His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814). His cousins included Elbridge Gerry (1813\u20131886), who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, George Goelet Kip and Robert Walton Goelet (1880\u20131941) who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. His maternal great-grandfather was Peter Goelet (1727\u20131811). In 1879, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his mother's brother, Peter Goelet (1800\u20131879). After graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry. In 1874, Gerry took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York."], "answer": {"text": "Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known", "answer_start": 846}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the mob?", "answer": {"text": "the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#5", "question": "Did the hospital and inoculations help?", "rewrite": "Did the hospital and inoculations that Gerry helped establish help to control the transmission of the disease?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["In 1871 the census for the Springsure Police District recorded 1098 people, 370 of whom were residing in the township of Springsure. In that year the doctor treated a total of 48 cases and the government \"helped out\" with a contribution of \u00a3300. Accordingly in the 1870s the hospital was expanded to meet the growing needs of the community with an extra ward added in 1879 to bring the number of beds to seventeen. The Queensland Board of Health requested that the Hospital Board appoint a health officer at its own expense but the Board refused stating that a health officer was unnecessary as Springsure was a healthy and well-drained district. When banks crashed in the 1890s the Hospital Board had its money locked up and as a result was forced to arrange overdraft. Despite this by 1897 the Hospital Board was in a position to employ its first trained nurse, Miss Alice Kemp and in 1900 as a response to a Queensland Government requirement that Boards take positive action Dr Neilson was appointed health officer at a cost of \u00a325. Despite the hospital having been in operation since the late 1860s it was not until 1902 that the deeds to the land were received. The 1884 Health Act made local governments responsible for the treatment of infectious disease, mainly because of the miasma theory of disease transmission, which blamed infectious diseases on noxious vapours arising from poor sanitation and bad drainage - both local government responsibilities. This also gave Councils responsibility for inoculations such as the program organised by the Bauhinia Shire Council in response to the 1919 flu epidemic. Councils were also expected to provide hospital wards for the treatment of infectious diseases. In 1920 the Bauhinia Shire Council provided \u00a3200 to the hospital to make improvements to the isolation ward. Expansion continued apace with the erection of separate staff quarters in 1914.", "Moopen told reporters in a press conference for the launch of the DM Healthcare Foundation Philippines Inc., which is providing free paediatric cardiac surgery to at least 50 Filipino children in two years. In December, they launched its fifth Access Clinic in Jebel Ali Free Zone, or Jafza South, aimed at catering to the day-to-day healthcare needs of the employees in the neighbourhood. In April 2014, the company announced the plans to establish help desks in Oman for 2 separate campuses of Aster Medcity, South Asia's largest quaternary care hospitals being set up in Thiruvananthapuram and Ernakulam, Kerala, India. In August 2016, the company has taken over Kavery Medical Institute, Bangaluru and renamed as Aster CMI Hospital, Bangaluru. Its plans for 509 beds and inaugurated by cricketer Sachin Tendulkar on 27 August 2016. In Bengaluru there are four clinics with complete day care facility. In 2012, Olympus Capital Holdings Asia bought a minority stake in Aster DM Healthcare for about $100 million. The company did not reveal the size of the acquired stake. However, they announced that Olympus Capital Holdings is now Aster DM Healthcare's largest external investor and that its nominees will join the company's board. In May 2014, Olympus Capital Holdings Asia invested another $60 million into the company.", "Eliezer Peri  Eliezer Peri () born Eliezer Wilder-Frei; 2 February 1902 \u2013 1 December 1970, was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapam between 1949 and 1955. Born in the village of Suroch\u00f3w, near Jaros\u0142aw, in the Kingdom of Galicia (today in Poland), Peri helped establish a Jewish High School in Lviv, and was one of its first graduates. He joined the Hashomer Hatzair youth group, becoming a member of its leadership and, in 1920, its secretary. Between 1922 and 1925 he studied law and humanities at a teachers' seminary. In 1924 he helped establish the World Federation of Hashomer Hatzair. In 1926, he made aliyah to Mandatory Palestine. In 1929, he became a member of Haifa Workers Council. Amongst the founders of HaKibbutz HaArtzi, he also helped establish kibbutz Merhavia in 1929. In 1930, he started work as an emissary of the Histadrut trade union and Hashomer Hatzair in Europe. Between 1933 and 1949 he served on the Histadrut's council and executive committee. In 1943, he helped establish the \"Mishmar\" newspaper (which later became \"Al HaMishmar\"), and was one of its first editors. The following year he became a member of the Assembly of Representatives. In 1948, he helped establish Mapam, and was amongst the party's leadership. On several occasions, as editor of Al HaMishmar, he received letters from soldiers about the Israeli army killing civilians. In early June 1948 he received an account of an old woman and a child being shot; on 8 November he received a detailed description of events at Al Dawayima. This led to the issue being raised in the Mapam Political Committee and from there to the cabinet.", "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763. In 1770 he sat on a Marblehead committee that sought to enforce importation bans on taxed British goods. He frequently communicated with other Massachusetts opponents of British policy, including Samuel Adams, John Adams, Mercy Otis Warren, and others. In May 1772 he won election to the Great and General Court of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (its legislative assembly). There he worked closely with Samuel Adams to advance colonial opposition to Parliamentary colonial policies. He was responsible for establishing Marblehead's committee of correspondence, one of the first to be set up after that of Boston. However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year. Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known at the time, fears amongst the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties. Gerry reentered politics after the Boston Port Act closed that city's port in 1774, and Marblehead became a port to which relief supplies from other colonies could be delivered. As one of the town's leading merchants and Patriots, Gerry played a major role in ensuring the storage and delivery of supplies from Marblehead to Boston, interrupting those activities only to care for his dying father. He was elected as a representative to the First Continental Congress in September 1774, but refused, still grieving the loss of his father.", "Jesty did not publicize his findings, and Jenner, who performed his first inoculation 22 years later and publicized his findings, assumed credit. It is said that Jenner made this discovery by himself, possibly without knowing previous accounts 20 years earlier. Although Jesty may have been the first to discover it, Jenner made vaccination widely accessible and has therefore been credited for its invention. The majority of the population at the time accepted the up-and-coming vaccination. However, there were still opposition from individuals who were reluctant to change from the inoculations. In addition, there became a growing concern from parties who were worried about the unknown repercussions of infecting a human with an animal disease. One way individuals expressed their discontent was to draw comics that sometimes depicted small cows growing from the sites of vaccination. Others publicly advocated for the continuance of the inoculations; however this was not because of their discontent for the vaccinations. Some of their reluctance had to do with an apprehensiveness for change. They had become so familiar with the process, outcome, positives, and negatives of inoculations that they did not want to be surprised by the outcome or effects of the vaccinations. Jenner soon eased their minds after extensive trials. However, others advocated against vaccinations for different reason. Because of the high price of inoculation, Jenner experienced very few common folk who were not willing to accept the vaccination. Due to this, Jenner found many subjects for his tests. He was able to publish his results in a pamphlet in 1798: \"An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of Variolae Vaccinae, a Disease, Discovered in some of the Western Counties of England particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the Name of Cow Pox.\""], "answer": {"text": "because the means of transmission of the disease were not known at the time, fears amongst the local population led to protests", "answer_start": 965}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the mob?", "answer": {"text": "the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Gerry have anything to do with that incident?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known", "answer_start": 846, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#6", "question": "How did the protests go?", "rewrite": "How did the protests that surround smallpoxs inoculations go?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["RTL Nederland RTL Nederland is a subsidiary of the RTL Group. The media company is located in Hilversum. Although the licences of its TV-stations RTL 4, RTL 5, RTL 7, RTL 8, RTL Z, RTL Lounge, RTL Crime and RTL Telekids are issued by Luxembourg, the company targets the Dutch market. Its Chief Executive Officer (CEO) is Sven Sauv\u00e9, who used to be the Chief Operating Officer (COO) of RTL Nederland. Until 2004 RTL Nederland was known as the Holland Media Group (HMG), a joint-venture founded in 1996 between RTL 4 SA (CLT-UFA) and Veronica Association. Veronica became a commercial broadcaster in 1995, when it left the public broadcasting system (owned by NOS (Nederlandse Omroep Stichting) at the time) and joined RTL. RTL 4 SA then consisted of the two television channels RTL 4 and RTL 5. HMG partnered with Saban in the television channel TV10. Fox later bought HMG's share in TV10, but failed to obtain its goals and sold the operation to SBS Broadcasting, which, in turn, rebranded the channel as V8. Veronica exited the HMG combination in 2001, and the channel was renamed Yorin by RTL. RTL Group SA owned 100% of the company. In August 2004, HMG renamed itself RTL Nederland. On 12 August 2005, the television channel Yorin was renamed RTL 7 as a 'new' Luxembourgish TV station. Radio station Yorin FM was sold to SBS Broadcasting in 2006, which renamed it Caz!.", "Yarnspinner then finds the Booklings, friendly gnomes devoted to memorizing books, tending to the dying Colophonius Regenschein, the only good Bookhunter. They are attacked by evil Bookhunters led by Regenschein's mortal enemy, Rongkong Koma; and Yarnspinner escapes to Shadowhall Castle, home of the 'Shadow King', the mysterious author sought by Yarnspinner: a human surgically altered by Smyke, to be taller, stronger, and possessed of impenetrable paper skin, that bursts into flame in contact with sunlight or moonlight, who tutors Yarnspinner in the art of writing. After the Shadow King frees the Booklings' library and gains entrance to Smyke's personal library, they are ambushed by the Bookhunters, who are hypnotized into killing each other by the Booklings. At Smyke's bookshop, the Shadow King kills Smyke and sets himself and the city afire. Yarnspinner, having fled with the antique and fearsome \"Bloody Book\", leaves the city, having attained the Orm, the universal source of creativity. The names of many of the authors listed in \"The City of Dreaming Books\" are anagrams of famous authors. Below are a few listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the real-world author: \"The City of Dreaming Books\" also contains fictional words, found in most of Moers' work. Some are onomatopoeic; others are amalgamations of existing words or Indo-European roots; still others are created by the author. Many such words can be found in Chapter 60. A sample of these are listed below:", "They eventually devise a plan to escape the Demonocles' clutches using Rumo's newfound speed, cunning, and incredible ability to fight. Rumo and Smyke adventure together, but eventually they decide to go their separate ways, since Smyke wants to find civilization, and Rumo wants to follow the mysterious Silver Thread. The Thread leads him to a city named Wolperting, full of Wolpertingers and immensely guarded. Rumo discovers the source of his Silver Thread - a beautiful female Wolperting named Rala. After discovering what a girl was from his \"assigned municipal friend\" Urs, he falls in love with her, but cannot seem to catch her attention, until his Master in woodcarving suggests a \"Three-fold Token\". Rumo, with his newfound two-pronged sentient knife Dandelion, he sets out into Nurn Forest to singlehandedly kill the Monsters, obtain a Nurn Leaf, and carve a casket for Rala. Upon his return, the enigmatic Black Dome has opened, revealing an entrance to the Netherworld. Scenting the Silver Thread, Rumo descends into the dark to rescue the others. Smyke's story during the first book recounts his return to civilization and his drink of the Wine of Death. His ghostly, decrepit apparition foretells \" They'll be coming for you. \" When Smyke returns from his ghastly hallucination, he attempts to find Professor Kolibri who was last seen embarking to Murkholm, a city immersed in a mysterious fog. Smyke's appetite for knowledge leads him to follow the Nocturnomath, and he finds Kolibri's study strangely empty.", "RTL 8  RTL 8 is a Dutch free-to-air television channel that was launched on 18 August 2007 replacing Tien, previously known as Talpa. RTL 8's main target is the female audience. It broadcasts soap operas, talk shows, films and reruns of programmes from its sister RTL channels. In the mornings and late afternoons children's channel RTL Telekids is broadcasting on RTL 8. Officially RTL 8, along with all other Dutch RTL channels, is broadcasting under a Luxembourg television license. Therefore, the channel is also headquartered in Luxembourg. By doing this RTL can avoid more severe control by the Dutch media authorities, as Luxembourg does not have a strict authority that regulates its broadcasters. The channel started as \"Talpa\", later rebranded as \"Tien\", which was launched by media tycoon John de Mol in August 2005. In 2007 John de Mol's Talpa Media assets were amalgamated with RTL Nederland. In exchange, John de Mol obtained a 26.3% share in RTL Nederland. RTL Nederland revealed that \"Tien\" would be rebranded as \"RTL 8\". Fons van Westerloo, director of RTL Nederland explained that the name of the new RTL channel was chosen as not to conflict with the second largest Dutch commercial television channel, SBS 6. \" RTL 7\" got a makeover as well. \" RTL 8\" got The Oprah Winfrey Show, As the World Turns, and the popular Dutch program Gooische Vrouwen. Furthermore, \"RTL 8\" is going to repeat the popular programmes of the other RTL-channels, previously done by \"RTL 7\". On 18 August 2007 \"Tien\" ceased to exist and was taken over by \"RTL 8\".", "Rumo and His Miraculous Adventures  Rumo and His Miraculous Adventures is a fantasy novel, written and comically illustrated by German author Walter Moers. The story follows the progress of a young Wolperting (which are distinct from the Wolpertingers of Bavarian Folklore) in the fictional land of Zamonia, who is named Rumo, after the famous Zamonian card game, by Volzotan Smyke. When an entire city, called Wolperting \u2013where civilized Wolpertings go to live, socialize, and even play chess \u2013 goes missing, it is up to Rumo to save the day and find it. The novel takes place on the fictional continent of Zamonia, which is also featured in Moers' previous novel \"The 13 Lives of Captain Bluebear\". While \"Rumo\" is not a prequel to \"Bluebear\", the two do have many parallel events, and returning characters such as Volzotan Smyke, Professor Nightingale, and Fredda the Alpine Imp. The first book follows Rumo's childhood, beginning at puppyhood. From an early age, he is able to scent colored threads in the atmosphere\u2014one being a Silver Thread, which he is compelled to follow. Unfortunately, all of the Hackonian Dwarves and Rumo are kidnapped by the Demonocles, a breed of giant Demons that delight in eating living things alive (in opposition to many Zamonians). While in the Demonocles' prison, Rumo meets and is befriended by the Shark Grub Volzotan Smyke. Smyke names him Rumo and teaches him to speak, watching him grow into a Wolperting - a strong canine creature with small horns and high intelligence."], "answer": {"text": "which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1093}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the mob?", "answer": {"text": "the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Gerry have anything to do with that incident?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known", "answer_start": 846, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the hospital and inoculations help?", "answer": {"text": "because the means of transmission of the disease were not known at the time, fears amongst the local population led to protests", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#7", "question": "Did he take down the hospital?", "rewrite": "Did Elbridge Gerry take down the hospital?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Elbridge Gerry House The Elbridge Gerry House is a historic house at 44 Washington Street in Marblehead, Massachusetts. Local lore holds that this house is a c. 1730 house that was the home of merchant Thomas Gerry, and the place where statesman Elbridge Gerry was born in 1744. Stylistic analysis of the house, however, suggests that it is instead a late Georgian or early Federalist construction dating to c. 1790. The house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and included in the Marblehead Historic District in 1984.", "After her 1913 divorce, she married Francis B. Griswold. Elbridge Gerry (1853-1907) graduated from Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School. He practiced law in Maine and New York City before accepting appointment as vice consul in Le Havre, France in 1885. He remained in Europe after resigning in 1887, and died in Siena, Italy. Elizabeth Jenness Gerry (1852-1912), was the wife of Greek diplomat Constantin Pangiris. Many sources indicate that Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) was the grandson of Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814). This seems to be in error; the ancestry of Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) can be traced to his father Peter (1776-1847); Peter's father Nathaniel Gerry (or Geary) (1733-1791); Nathaniel's father Thomas; Nathaniel's grandfather, also named Thomas; and Nathaniel's great-grandfather Thomas Gery (or Gary).", "Elbridge Gerry Mansion The Elbridge T. Gerry Mansion was a lavish mansion built in 1895 and located at 2 East 61st Street, near the intersection of Fifth Avenue, in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It was built for Commodore Elbridge Thomas Gerry, a grandson of statesman Elbridge Gerry. Elbridge Thomas Gerry (1837\u20131927) hired architect Richard Morris Hunt to design a French Renaissance chateau. Gerry specifically told Hunt that he needed space to house his collection of 30,000 law books. Plans for the house were formally announced in \"The New York Times\" on May 15, 1892. Construction began by 1895, and after a reported $3,000,000 in construction costs, the residence was opened officially in 1897. The entrance of the structure, via an iron porte-coch\u00e8re, was based on the Louis XIII wing of the Ch\u00e2teau de Blois. The Gerry mansion became a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers. Gerry owned sculptural spandrel figures \"Night\" and \"Day\" by Isidore Konti. In his home, he displayed his extensive international art collection, which included such works as Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me's \"Plaza de Toros,\" a Jean-Jacques Henner bust portrait, Mih\u00e1ly Munk\u00e1csy's \"Lac Chambre du Nourrisson\" from 1884, Adolph Tidemand's \"Sunday Morning in Norway,\" James Edward Freeman's \"The Cave of Gasparoni\" and \"Study of a Young Girl,\" Jehan Georges Vibert's \"The Cardinal's Nephew,\" Adolf Schreyer's \"The Advance Guard,\" Achillo Guerra's \"Absolution of Beatrice Cenci,\" Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant's \"Venice:", "Elbridge Thomas Gerry Elbridge Thomas Gerry (December 25, 1837 \u2013 February 18, 1927), usually called \"Commodore\" Gerry due to the office he held with the New York Yacht Club from 1886 to 1892, was an American lawyer and reformer who was the grandson of U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 25, 1837, In Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Thomas Russell Gerry (1794\u20131848), who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet (1804\u20131845), of another prominent family. In 1857, Gerry graduated from Columbia College, with honors. His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814). His cousins included Elbridge Gerry (1813\u20131886), who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, George Goelet Kip and Robert Walton Goelet (1880\u20131941) who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. His maternal great-grandfather was Peter Goelet (1727\u20131811). In 1879, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his mother's brother, Peter Goelet (1800\u20131879). After graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry. In 1874, Gerry took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York.", "Thomas Russell Gerry Thomas Russell Gerry (December 8, 1794 \u2013 October 8, 1848) was an American sailor who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution and was a son of the 5th U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 8, 1794 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of ten children born to Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814), a Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President, and Ann (n\u00e9e Thompson) Gerry (1763\u20131849), who was near twenty years his father's junior. At his parent's wedding, his father's best man was his good friend James Monroe. His maternal grandfather Charles Thompson was a wealthy New York merchant who served as secretary of Congress. His paternal grandparents were Thomas Gerry (1702\u20131774), a merchant who operated ships out of Marblehead, and Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Greenleaf) Gerry (1716\u20131771), the daughter of a successful Boston merchant. On December 6, 1814, Gerry was appointed and served as a midshipman in the United States Navy. His brother, James Thompson Gerry (1797\u20131854), was commander of the USS \"Albany\", a United States Navy war sloop, when it was sunk on September 28, 1854. In November 1818, his mother Ann wrote to the Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, soliciting his promotion and expressing thanks for the promotion of his elder brother, Elbridge Gerry Jr. (1793\u20131867) In February 1822, his brother Elbridge also wrote to the Secretary of the Navy recommending his Thomas' promotion to Lieutenant. On January 13, 1825, Gerry was promoted to lieutenant. Gerry resigned from the Navy as a lieutenant on August 27, 1833, a few years after his marriage."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the mob?", "answer": {"text": "the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Gerry have anything to do with that incident?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known", "answer_start": 846, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the hospital and inoculations help?", "answer": {"text": "because the means of transmission of the disease were not known at the time, fears amongst the local population led to protests", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the protests go?", "answer": {"text": "which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1093, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#8", "question": "Any other controversies with Gerry?", "rewrite": "Aside from the protests which escalated into violence, were there any other controversies with Gerry?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The two arrive in St. Louis, where they meet prostitutes Simone and Vanessa. After Gerry has a successful poker session on a riverboat casino, Gerry and Curtis spend time in St. Louis with Simone and Vanessa. Simone warns Curtis of previous times he has trusted a fellow gambler and ended up being deceived. In Memphis, Gerry plays well at the poker table but loses everything on the final \"river\" card of a Texas Hold 'em game. Gerry lies to Curtis, saying that he won $7,000 and is inspired to go to Little Rock to make amends with his ex-wife. Curtis agrees to come along. Gerry attempts to steal his ex-wife's money; she catches him and tells him to leave. Curtis and Gerry visit Tunica, Mississippi, where Curtis' casino VIP card is rejected. After asking Gerry for money for the hotel room, Curtis discovers Gerry's lie. Curtis tells Gerry that if he continues on this path, it will not end well for him. In the restroom, Curtis agitates some younger men. When they see Curtis has left the bathroom, they direct their anger towards Gerry. The two go to a horse race in New Orleans. After selling Gerry\u2019s car, they agree to bet on a longshot, but Curtis secretly bets on a different horse. When Curtis\u2019 horse wins, he does not tell Gerry, and Gerry assumes they are out of money. Gerry attempts to talk his way into the high stakes poker game but is thrown out. Curtis intentionally antagonizes men in a pickup basketball game and is beaten up. Curtis goes to a cabaret club, buys a drink, and leaves the rest of his money to his mother who is performing at the club. At a casino, Gerry places the last of his money on the roulette table and wins.", "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763. In 1770 he sat on a Marblehead committee that sought to enforce importation bans on taxed British goods. He frequently communicated with other Massachusetts opponents of British policy, including Samuel Adams, John Adams, Mercy Otis Warren, and others. In May 1772 he won election to the Great and General Court of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (its legislative assembly). There he worked closely with Samuel Adams to advance colonial opposition to Parliamentary colonial policies. He was responsible for establishing Marblehead's committee of correspondence, one of the first to be set up after that of Boston. However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year. Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known at the time, fears amongst the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties. Gerry reentered politics after the Boston Port Act closed that city's port in 1774, and Marblehead became a port to which relief supplies from other colonies could be delivered. As one of the town's leading merchants and Patriots, Gerry played a major role in ensuring the storage and delivery of supplies from Marblehead to Boston, interrupting those activities only to care for his dying father. He was elected as a representative to the First Continental Congress in September 1774, but refused, still grieving the loss of his father.", "This meant that at least 15 protests were taking place each day in South Africa at this time. However the number of protests has escalated dramatically since then and \"Business Day\" reports that \"2009 and 2010 together account for about two-thirds of all protests since 2004\". There was a dramatic surge in protests shortly after Jacob Zuma first took office and the number of protests was ten times higher in 2009 than in 2004 and even higher in 2010. The number of protests reached an all-time high in 2010/2011 and then a further all time post-apartheid peak in July 2012 with more protests occurring in the Western Cape than in any other province and just under half of all protests occurring in shack settlements. In early 2013 it was reported that popular protest had reached its highest rate since the end of apartheid in 1994. In early 2013 it was argued that there have been as many as 3,000 protests in the last four years. Between 1997 to 2013 most protests were related to labour issues or crime and were only very rarely disorderly. In 2013 the overall number of protests decreased but the rate of disorderly protests increase dramatically. Notable South African journalist Phillip de Wet estimated that nine out of eleven protests were peaceful. In the first five months of 2018 a total of 144 service delivery protests were recorded with the Eastern Cape, followed by Gauteng and the Western Cape provinces having the most protests. There has been a major wave of popular protests since 2004. Just under 40% of all protests take place in shack settlements. There has been a significant degree of repression of popular protests. These protests are usually referred to as \"service delivery protests\" in the media but although there is evidence of growing unhappiness with service delivery most analysts argue that this description is overly narrow and misleading. A number of poor people's movements have insisted that their protests should not be referred to as \"service delivery protests\".", "Peter G. Gerry Peter Goelet Gerry (September 18, 1879 \u2013 October 31, 1957) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives and later, as a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island. He is the only U.S. Senator to lose re-election and later reclaim his Senate seat from the person who had defeated him. Gerry was born on September 18, 1879 in Manhattan, New York City, to Elbridge Thomas Gerry and Louisa Matilda Livingston Gerry. He was a great-grandson of Elbridge Gerry, the fifth Vice President of the United States (who had given his name to the term gerrymandering). His father was worth an estimated $25,000,000 (equivalent to $ today) in 1912. Through his paternal grandmother, Hannah Green Goelet, he was a great-great-grandson of Peter Goelet. His father, Elbridge T. Gerry, was first cousins with Robert Goelet and Ogden Goelet. In the summer of 1899, Gerry and his brother Robert were tutored by William Lyon Mackenzie King, who later became the Prime Minister of Canada In 1901, Gerry graduated from Harvard University. He studied law and was admitted to the Rhode Island bar in 1906. Gerry inherited large real estate holdings from his mother, who died in 1920, which Gerry and his elder brother agreed to sell in 1922. In a 1918 trust agreement, the brothers and their sisters, Angelica Livingston Gerry and Mabel Gerry, could all exchange ownership in Gerry real estate for stock in the Gerry Estates, Inc.  Gerry was elected to the United States House of Representatives for Rhode Island's 2nd District as a Democrat from 1913 to 1915. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1914, but he was elected to the United States Senate in 1916 and served from 1917 to 1929.", "2016 Mong Kok civil unrest Civil unrest occurred in Mong Kok, Hong Kong from the night of 8 February 2016 until the following morning. The incident escalated from the government's crackdown on unlicensed street hawkers during the Chinese New Year holidays. Eventual violent clashes broke out between police and protesters, resulting in injuries on both sides. The Hong Kong government has classified the violent incident as a riot (\u65fa\u89d2\u66b4\u52d5), while some media outlets and social media platforms have opted for calling the event \"Fishball Revolution\" (\u9b5a\u86cb\u9769\u547d), in reference to fishballs, a popular Hong Kong street food. The violence has been described by \"The Economist\" as \"the worst outbreak of rioting since the 1960s.\" Since the 2014 protests, the popularity of Leung Chun-ying, and his administration, has continued to plunge new historical lows. The relationship between the Hong Kong Police Force, often referred to as \"Asia's finest\" in the past, and the public have also become strained due mainly to a number of controversies, including the beating of protester Ken Tsang by seven plainclothes officers in Admiralty, the indiscriminate clubbing of members of the public by superintendent Franklin Chu in Mong Kok during the 2014 protests and the considerable delay for them to be prosecuted \u2013 in the case of Chu, the police refused to prosecute. The events of 2014 spawned a number of new activist groups with some taking an anti-government and militant stance. Hong Kong Indigenous, a localist group formed in early 2015, had previously been involved in violent clashes with police in several anti-parallel trading protests."], "answer": {"text": "He was elected as a representative to the First Continental Congress in September 1774,", "answer_start": 1599}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the mob?", "answer": {"text": "the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Gerry have anything to do with that incident?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known", "answer_start": 846, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the hospital and inoculations help?", "answer": {"text": "because the means of transmission of the disease were not known at the time, fears amongst the local population led to protests", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the protests go?", "answer": {"text": "which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1093, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he take down the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_03af40b1a53d463db964a26ea3ec4530_1_q#9", "question": "How long did he hold office?", "rewrite": "How long did Elbridge Gerry hold office?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Elbridge Gerry House The Elbridge Gerry House is a historic house at 44 Washington Street in Marblehead, Massachusetts. Local lore holds that this house is a c. 1730 house that was the home of merchant Thomas Gerry, and the place where statesman Elbridge Gerry was born in 1744. Stylistic analysis of the house, however, suggests that it is instead a late Georgian or early Federalist construction dating to c. 1790. The house listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and included in the Marblehead Historic District in 1984.", "Elbridge Thomas Gerry Elbridge Thomas Gerry (December 25, 1837 \u2013 February 18, 1927), usually called \"Commodore\" Gerry due to the office he held with the New York Yacht Club from 1886 to 1892, was an American lawyer and reformer who was the grandson of U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 25, 1837, In Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of Thomas Russell Gerry (1794\u20131848), who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet (1804\u20131845), of another prominent family. In 1857, Gerry graduated from Columbia College, with honors. His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814). His cousins included Elbridge Gerry (1813\u20131886), who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, George Goelet Kip and Robert Walton Goelet (1880\u20131941) who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. His maternal great-grandfather was Peter Goelet (1727\u20131811). In 1879, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his mother's brother, Peter Goelet (1800\u20131879). After graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry. In 1874, Gerry took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York.", "Elbridge Gerry Mansion The Elbridge T. Gerry Mansion was a lavish mansion built in 1895 and located at 2 East 61st Street, near the intersection of Fifth Avenue, in the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. It was built for Commodore Elbridge Thomas Gerry, a grandson of statesman Elbridge Gerry. Elbridge Thomas Gerry (1837\u20131927) hired architect Richard Morris Hunt to design a French Renaissance chateau. Gerry specifically told Hunt that he needed space to house his collection of 30,000 law books. Plans for the house were formally announced in \"The New York Times\" on May 15, 1892. Construction began by 1895, and after a reported $3,000,000 in construction costs, the residence was opened officially in 1897. The entrance of the structure, via an iron porte-coch\u00e8re, was based on the Louis XIII wing of the Ch\u00e2teau de Blois. The Gerry mansion became a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers. Gerry owned sculptural spandrel figures \"Night\" and \"Day\" by Isidore Konti. In his home, he displayed his extensive international art collection, which included such works as Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me's \"Plaza de Toros,\" a Jean-Jacques Henner bust portrait, Mih\u00e1ly Munk\u00e1csy's \"Lac Chambre du Nourrisson\" from 1884, Adolph Tidemand's \"Sunday Morning in Norway,\" James Edward Freeman's \"The Cave of Gasparoni\" and \"Study of a Young Girl,\" Jehan Georges Vibert's \"The Cardinal's Nephew,\" Adolf Schreyer's \"The Advance Guard,\" Achillo Guerra's \"Absolution of Beatrice Cenci,\" Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant's \"Venice:", "After her 1913 divorce, she married Francis B. Griswold. Elbridge Gerry (1853-1907) graduated from Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School. He practiced law in Maine and New York City before accepting appointment as vice consul in Le Havre, France in 1885. He remained in Europe after resigning in 1887, and died in Siena, Italy. Elizabeth Jenness Gerry (1852-1912), was the wife of Greek diplomat Constantin Pangiris. Many sources indicate that Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) was the grandson of Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814). This seems to be in error; the ancestry of Elbridge Gerry (1813-1886) can be traced to his father Peter (1776-1847); Peter's father Nathaniel Gerry (or Geary) (1733-1791); Nathaniel's father Thomas; Nathaniel's grandfather, also named Thomas; and Nathaniel's great-grandfather Thomas Gery (or Gary).", "Thomas Russell Gerry Thomas Russell Gerry (December 8, 1794 \u2013 October 8, 1848) was an American sailor who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution and was a son of the 5th U.S. Vice President Elbridge Gerry. Gerry was born on December 8, 1794 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was one of ten children born to Elbridge Gerry (1744\u20131814), a Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President, and Ann (n\u00e9e Thompson) Gerry (1763\u20131849), who was near twenty years his father's junior. At his parent's wedding, his father's best man was his good friend James Monroe. His maternal grandfather Charles Thompson was a wealthy New York merchant who served as secretary of Congress. His paternal grandparents were Thomas Gerry (1702\u20131774), a merchant who operated ships out of Marblehead, and Elizabeth (n\u00e9e Greenleaf) Gerry (1716\u20131771), the daughter of a successful Boston merchant. On December 6, 1814, Gerry was appointed and served as a midshipman in the United States Navy. His brother, James Thompson Gerry (1797\u20131854), was commander of the USS \"Albany\", a United States Navy war sloop, when it was sunk on September 28, 1854. In November 1818, his mother Ann wrote to the Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy, soliciting his promotion and expressing thanks for the promotion of his elder brother, Elbridge Gerry Jr. (1793\u20131867) In February 1822, his brother Elbridge also wrote to the Secretary of the Navy recommending his Thomas' promotion to Lieutenant. On January 13, 1825, Gerry was promoted to lieutenant. Gerry resigned from the Navy as a lieutenant on August 27, 1833, a few years after his marriage."], "answer": {"text": "but refused, still grieving the loss of his father.", "answer_start": 1687}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Elbridge Gerry famous for in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry was from an early time a vocal opponent of Parliamentary efforts to tax the colonies after the French and Indian War ended in 1763.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why was he so opposed to taxes?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "However, an incident of mob action prompted him to resign from the committee the next year.", "answer_start": 754, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened with the mob?", "answer": {"text": "the local population led to protests which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1056, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Gerry have anything to do with that incident?", "answer": {"text": "Gerry and other prominent Marbleheaders had established a hospital for performing smallpox inoculations on Cat Island; because the means of transmission of the disease were not known", "answer_start": 846, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the hospital and inoculations help?", "answer": {"text": "because the means of transmission of the disease were not known at the time, fears amongst the local population led to protests", "answer_start": 965, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the protests go?", "answer": {"text": "which escalated into violence that wrecked the facilities and threatened the proprietors' other properties.", "answer_start": 1093, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he take down the hospital?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other controversies with Gerry?", "answer": {"text": "He was elected as a representative to the First Continental Congress in September 1774,", "answer_start": 1599, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#0", "question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "rewrite": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michael Ray (trumpeter)  Michael Ray (born December 24, 1952) is an American jazz trumpeter. He tours extensively with Sun Ra and the successor Sun Ra Arkestra under Marshall Allen's direction following Sun Ra's passing. For a period from the mid-1990s to the present he leads his own band, Michael Ray and the Cosmic Krewe. His playing with Sun Ra and independently has incorporated funkjazz, R & B, electronica and fusion genres. He is originally from Trenton, New Jersey and was born December 24, 1952. His professional start was performing with R & B acts such as Patti LaBelle, The Delfonics and The Stylistics. Ray joined Sun Ra's band in 1978. He appears on Sun Ra albums on Saturn Records and on CDs released by Evidence, Enja, HatHut, Rounder Records, Black Saint/Soul Note, Horo Records, A&M Records, Philly Jazz and ESP-Disk labels. Ray also mixed \"Mayan Temples\", Sun Ra's last studio session (Black Saint/Italy-1992). In 1989 he moved to New Orleans and established several music projects, particularly the Cosmic Krewe. He has released records in the 1990s and 2000s under his leadership. Michael Ray continues to perform with the Sun Ra Arkestra and has appeared with rock-phenom Phish, live and on two Elektra recordings (\"A Live One\" and Trey Anastasio's \"Surrender to the Air\"). He recently worked on a PBS soundtrack for producer Delfeayo Marsalis and appears on recordings of Galactic drummer Stanton Moore and avant rockers Iris May Tango.", "Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra."], "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#1", "question": "What was the name of the band?", "rewrite": "What was the name of the band Sun Ra organized to pursue a career as a singer?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Michael Ray (trumpeter)  Michael Ray (born December 24, 1952) is an American jazz trumpeter. He tours extensively with Sun Ra and the successor Sun Ra Arkestra under Marshall Allen's direction following Sun Ra's passing. For a period from the mid-1990s to the present he leads his own band, Michael Ray and the Cosmic Krewe. His playing with Sun Ra and independently has incorporated funkjazz, R & B, electronica and fusion genres. He is originally from Trenton, New Jersey and was born December 24, 1952. His professional start was performing with R & B acts such as Patti LaBelle, The Delfonics and The Stylistics. Ray joined Sun Ra's band in 1978. He appears on Sun Ra albums on Saturn Records and on CDs released by Evidence, Enja, HatHut, Rounder Records, Black Saint/Soul Note, Horo Records, A&M Records, Philly Jazz and ESP-Disk labels. Ray also mixed \"Mayan Temples\", Sun Ra's last studio session (Black Saint/Italy-1992). In 1989 he moved to New Orleans and established several music projects, particularly the Cosmic Krewe. He has released records in the 1990s and 2000s under his leadership. Michael Ray continues to perform with the Sun Ra Arkestra and has appeared with rock-phenom Phish, live and on two Elektra recordings (\"A Live One\" and Trey Anastasio's \"Surrender to the Air\"). He recently worked on a PBS soundtrack for producer Delfeayo Marsalis and appears on recordings of Galactic drummer Stanton Moore and avant rockers Iris May Tango.", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra."], "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#2", "question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "rewrite": "Did Sun Ra do any collaborations?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Gilmore had stated that Sun Ra was \"more stretched out than Monk\" and that \"I'm not gonna run across anybody who's moving as fast as Sun Ra ... So I just stay where I am.\" Gilmore occasionally doubled on drums and also played bass clarinet until Sun Ra hired Robert Cummings as a specialist on the latter instrument in the mid-1950s. However, tenor sax was his main instrument and Gilmore himself made a huge contribution to Sun Ra's recordings and was the Arkestra's leading sideman, being given solos on almost every track on which he appeared. In the \"Rough Guide to Jazz\", Brian Priestley says:  Gilmore is known for two rather different styles of tenor playing. On performances of a straight ahead post-bop character (which include many of those with Sun Ra), he runs the changes with a fluency and tone halfway between Johnny Griffin and Wardell Gray, and with a rhythmic and motivic approach which he claims influenced Coltrane. On more abstract material, he is capable of long passages based exclusively on high-register squeals. Especially when heard live, Gilmore was one of the few musicians who carried sufficient conviction to encompass both approaches. After Sun Ra died in 1993, Gilmore led Ra's Arkestra for a few years before his own death from emphysema. Marshall Allen then took over the Arkestra leadership. For albums with Sun Ra see the Sun Ra discography With Paul Bley With Clifford Jordan With Freddie Hubbard With McCoy Tyner With Elmo Hope With Andrew Hill With Art Blakey With Pete La Roca With Phil Upchurch With Dizzy Reece", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it"], "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#3", "question": "What college did he go to?", "rewrite": "What college did Sun Ra go to?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "Gilmore had stated that Sun Ra was \"more stretched out than Monk\" and that \"I'm not gonna run across anybody who's moving as fast as Sun Ra ... So I just stay where I am.\" Gilmore occasionally doubled on drums and also played bass clarinet until Sun Ra hired Robert Cummings as a specialist on the latter instrument in the mid-1950s. However, tenor sax was his main instrument and Gilmore himself made a huge contribution to Sun Ra's recordings and was the Arkestra's leading sideman, being given solos on almost every track on which he appeared. In the \"Rough Guide to Jazz\", Brian Priestley says:  Gilmore is known for two rather different styles of tenor playing. On performances of a straight ahead post-bop character (which include many of those with Sun Ra), he runs the changes with a fluency and tone halfway between Johnny Griffin and Wardell Gray, and with a rhythmic and motivic approach which he claims influenced Coltrane. On more abstract material, he is capable of long passages based exclusively on high-register squeals. Especially when heard live, Gilmore was one of the few musicians who carried sufficient conviction to encompass both approaches. After Sun Ra died in 1993, Gilmore led Ra's Arkestra for a few years before his own death from emphysema. Marshall Allen then took over the Arkestra leadership. For albums with Sun Ra see the Sun Ra discography With Paul Bley With Clifford Jordan With Freddie Hubbard With McCoy Tyner With Elmo Hope With Andrew Hill With Art Blakey With Pete La Roca With Phil Upchurch With Dizzy Reece"], "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#4", "question": "What did he study there?", "rewrite": "What did Sun Ra study at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1934 Blount was offered his first full-time musical job by Ethel Harper--his biology teacher from the high school, who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer. Blount joined a musicians' trade union and toured with Harper's group through the US Southeast and Midwest. When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York (she later was a member of the modestly successful singing group the Ginger Snaps), Blount took over leadership of the group, renaming it the Sonny Blount Orchestra. They continued touring for several months before dissolving as unprofitable. Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians. Blount afterward found steady employment as a musician in Birmingham. Birmingham clubs often featured exotic trappings, such as vivid lighting and murals with tropical or oasis scenes. Some believe these influenced the elements Sun Ra incorporated in his later stage shows. Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness, and they were highly regarded in the black community. They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South, black musicians had wide acceptance in white society. They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience). In 1936, Whatley's intercession led to Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. He was a music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory. He dropped out after a year. Sun Ra soon left college because, he claimed, he had a visionary experience as a college student that had a major, long-term influence on him.", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Alabama A&amp;M Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs The Alabama A&M Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs are the athletic teams that represent Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. The program features 15 varsity sports teams. They participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference. Russell Athletic is the current sponsor of the Alabama A&M University Athletic Department. The Alabama A&M Bulldogs transitioned from Division II to NCAA Division I in 1999. The lone Bulldogs baseball conference title came in 1993 in the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. The Alabama A&M Bulldogs are the college football team representing the Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. The Bulldogs play in the NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision. The Alabama A&M Fighting Bulldogs Men's Basketball team is the basketball team that represents Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University in Normal, Alabama. The school's team currently competes in the Southwestern Athletic Conference. Prior to the \"Fighting Bulldogs\" move to Division 1 in 1998, the team was a regular in the Division II tournament. Notable players include Desmond Cambridge, Mickell Gladness, Obie Trotter, Frank Sillmon, Willie Hayes (basketball), Nigel Moore (basketball), Terrance Vanlier, Craig Lottie, Jeremy Crutcher, and Ladarius Tabb. The Bulldogs were coached by L. Vann Pettaway from 1986 to 2010. During that span, Pettaway amassed a 440-264 record with the a school-best 28-3 in 1992-93 and 1995-96. From 1992 to 1997, the Bulldogs went 136-20. The Alabama A&M Bulldogs men's basketball team has made the NCAA Tournament once, in 2005. The AAMU-Alabama State basketball rivalry is annually the highest attended and most anticipated series for both schools.", "Alabama A&amp;M University  Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University (often called Alabama A&M, formerly the State Normal and Industrial School of Huntsville and State Agricultural and Mechanical Institute for Negroes) is a public, historically black, land-grant university located in Normal, a neighborhood of Huntsville, Alabama, United States. AAMU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and has been accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Founded in the 1870s as a normal school, it took its present name in 1969. Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University Historic District, also known as Normal Hill College Historic District, has 28 buildings and four structures listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places. Teacher and schoolmaster William Hooper Councill won approval for his plan for the Huntsville State Normal School for Negroes, established by an act of the Alabama State Legislature in 1875. The school opened on May 1, 1875, at a church on Eustis Street, with instruction for 61 teaching students overseen by Principal Councill, assisted by Rev. Alfred Hunt. By 1878, the state appropriation increased from $1,000 to $2,000 and the school expanded its enrollment and curriculum. In 1881, the faculty pooled money from their salaries to purchase on West Clinton Street. In 1885 the school, now with around 180 students, changes its name to State Normal and Industrial School of Huntsville, after the earlier addition of programs for sewing, printing, carpentry, mattress making and gardening. By 1890, the school site became known as Normal, Alabama, and a post office was established. In 1891, the school was designated as a land-grant college through legislative enactment under the terms of the Morrill Act of 1890. In 1896, its name was changed to The State Agricultural and Mechanical College for Negroes. In 1919, the school became the State Agricultural and Mechanical Institute for Negroes."], "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#5", "question": "Was there something he excelled at more than another?", "rewrite": "Was there something Sun Ra excelled at more, aside from music education?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "The piece sees Coltrane exploring the timbral possibilities of his instrument, using over-blowing to achieve multiphonic tones. Coltrane continued to explore the avant-garde in his following compositions, including such albums as \"Om\", \"Kulu Se Mama\", and \"Meditations\", as well as collaborating with John Tchicai. Much of Sun Ra's music could be classified as free jazz, especially his work from the 1960s, although Sun Ra said repeatedly that his music was written and boasted that what he wrote sounded more free than what \"the freedom boys\" played. \" The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra\" (1965) was steeped in what could be referred to as a new black mysticism. But Sun Ra's penchant for nonconformity aside, he was along with Coleman and Taylor an integral voice to the formation of new jazz styles during the 1960s. As evidenced by his compositions on the 1956 record \"Sounds of Joy\", Sun Ra's early work employed a typical bop style. But he soon foreshadowed the free jazz movements with compositions like \"A Call for All Demons\" off of the 1955-57 record \"Angels and Demons at Play\", which combines atonal improvisation with Latin-inspired mambo percussion. His period of fully realized free jazz experimentation began in 1965, with the release of \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra\" and \"The Magic City.\" These records placed a musical emphasis on timbre and texture over meter and harmony, employing a wide variety of electronic instruments and innovative percussion instruments, including the electric celeste, Hammond B-3, bass marimba, harp, and timpani. As result, Sun Ra proved to be one of the first free jazz musicians to explore electronic instrumentation, as well as displaying an interest in timbral possibilities through his use of progressive and unconventional instrumentation in his compositions."], "answer": {"text": "Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians.", "answer_start": 582}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#6", "question": "Did they get any recognition?", "rewrite": "Did Sun Ra get any recognition?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Gilmore had stated that Sun Ra was \"more stretched out than Monk\" and that \"I'm not gonna run across anybody who's moving as fast as Sun Ra ... So I just stay where I am.\" Gilmore occasionally doubled on drums and also played bass clarinet until Sun Ra hired Robert Cummings as a specialist on the latter instrument in the mid-1950s. However, tenor sax was his main instrument and Gilmore himself made a huge contribution to Sun Ra's recordings and was the Arkestra's leading sideman, being given solos on almost every track on which he appeared. In the \"Rough Guide to Jazz\", Brian Priestley says:  Gilmore is known for two rather different styles of tenor playing. On performances of a straight ahead post-bop character (which include many of those with Sun Ra), he runs the changes with a fluency and tone halfway between Johnny Griffin and Wardell Gray, and with a rhythmic and motivic approach which he claims influenced Coltrane. On more abstract material, he is capable of long passages based exclusively on high-register squeals. Especially when heard live, Gilmore was one of the few musicians who carried sufficient conviction to encompass both approaches. After Sun Ra died in 1993, Gilmore led Ra's Arkestra for a few years before his own death from emphysema. Marshall Allen then took over the Arkestra leadership. For albums with Sun Ra see the Sun Ra discography With Paul Bley With Clifford Jordan With Freddie Hubbard With McCoy Tyner With Elmo Hope With Andrew Hill With Art Blakey With Pete La Roca With Phil Upchurch With Dizzy Reece"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there something he excelled at more than another?", "answer": {"text": "Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#7", "question": "What else did he do in his early career?", "rewrite": "What else did Sun Ra do in his early career, besides the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1934 Blount was offered his first full-time musical job by Ethel Harper--his biology teacher from the high school, who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer. Blount joined a musicians' trade union and toured with Harper's group through the US Southeast and Midwest. When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York (she later was a member of the modestly successful singing group the Ginger Snaps), Blount took over leadership of the group, renaming it the Sonny Blount Orchestra. They continued touring for several months before dissolving as unprofitable. Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians. Blount afterward found steady employment as a musician in Birmingham. Birmingham clubs often featured exotic trappings, such as vivid lighting and murals with tropical or oasis scenes. Some believe these influenced the elements Sun Ra incorporated in his later stage shows. Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness, and they were highly regarded in the black community. They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South, black musicians had wide acceptance in white society. They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience). In 1936, Whatley's intercession led to Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. He was a music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory. He dropped out after a year. Sun Ra soon left college because, he claimed, he had a visionary experience as a college student that had a major, long-term influence on him.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "In 1934 Blount was offered his first full-time musical job by Ethel Harper--his biology teacher from the high school, who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer. Blount joined a musicians' trade union and toured with Harper's group through the US Southeast and Midwest. When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York (she later was a member of the modestly successful singing group the Ginger Snaps), Blount took over leadership of the group, renaming it the Sonny Blount Orchestra. They continued touring for several months before dissolving as unprofitable. Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians. Blount afterward found steady employment as a musician in Birmingham. Birmingham clubs often featured exotic trappings, such as vivid lighting and murals with tropical or oasis scenes. Some believe these influenced the elements Sun Ra incorporated in his later stage shows. Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness, and they were highly regarded in the black community. They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South, black musicians had wide acceptance in white society. They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience). In 1936, Whatley's intercession led to Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University. He was a music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory. He dropped out after a year."], "answer": {"text": "They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South,", "answer_start": 1138}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there something he excelled at more than another?", "answer": {"text": "Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get any recognition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#8", "question": "What about the South?", "rewrite": "What about the South in regards to Sun Ra?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "Gilmore had stated that Sun Ra was \"more stretched out than Monk\" and that \"I'm not gonna run across anybody who's moving as fast as Sun Ra ... So I just stay where I am.\" Gilmore occasionally doubled on drums and also played bass clarinet until Sun Ra hired Robert Cummings as a specialist on the latter instrument in the mid-1950s. However, tenor sax was his main instrument and Gilmore himself made a huge contribution to Sun Ra's recordings and was the Arkestra's leading sideman, being given solos on almost every track on which he appeared. In the \"Rough Guide to Jazz\", Brian Priestley says:  Gilmore is known for two rather different styles of tenor playing. On performances of a straight ahead post-bop character (which include many of those with Sun Ra), he runs the changes with a fluency and tone halfway between Johnny Griffin and Wardell Gray, and with a rhythmic and motivic approach which he claims influenced Coltrane. On more abstract material, he is capable of long passages based exclusively on high-register squeals. Especially when heard live, Gilmore was one of the few musicians who carried sufficient conviction to encompass both approaches. After Sun Ra died in 1993, Gilmore led Ra's Arkestra for a few years before his own death from emphysema. Marshall Allen then took over the Arkestra leadership. For albums with Sun Ra see the Sun Ra discography With Paul Bley With Clifford Jordan With Freddie Hubbard With McCoy Tyner With Elmo Hope With Andrew Hill With Art Blakey With Pete La Roca With Phil Upchurch With Dizzy Reece", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it"], "answer": {"text": "They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience).", "answer_start": 1275}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there something he excelled at more than another?", "answer": {"text": "Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get any recognition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South,", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#9", "question": "Were they not disciplined?", "rewrite": "Were Sun Ra not disciplined?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message.", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Gilmore had stated that Sun Ra was \"more stretched out than Monk\" and that \"I'm not gonna run across anybody who's moving as fast as Sun Ra ... So I just stay where I am.\" Gilmore occasionally doubled on drums and also played bass clarinet until Sun Ra hired Robert Cummings as a specialist on the latter instrument in the mid-1950s. However, tenor sax was his main instrument and Gilmore himself made a huge contribution to Sun Ra's recordings and was the Arkestra's leading sideman, being given solos on almost every track on which he appeared. In the \"Rough Guide to Jazz\", Brian Priestley says:  Gilmore is known for two rather different styles of tenor playing. On performances of a straight ahead post-bop character (which include many of those with Sun Ra), he runs the changes with a fluency and tone halfway between Johnny Griffin and Wardell Gray, and with a rhythmic and motivic approach which he claims influenced Coltrane. On more abstract material, he is capable of long passages based exclusively on high-register squeals. Especially when heard live, Gilmore was one of the few musicians who carried sufficient conviction to encompass both approaches. After Sun Ra died in 1993, Gilmore led Ra's Arkestra for a few years before his own death from emphysema. Marshall Allen then took over the Arkestra leadership. For albums with Sun Ra see the Sun Ra discography With Paul Bley With Clifford Jordan With Freddie Hubbard With McCoy Tyner With Elmo Hope With Andrew Hill With Art Blakey With Pete La Roca With Phil Upchurch With Dizzy Reece"], "answer": {"text": "Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness,", "answer_start": 1002}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there something he excelled at more than another?", "answer": {"text": "Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get any recognition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South,", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What about the South?", "answer": {"text": "They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience).", "answer_start": 1275, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#10", "question": "Why did it give them the sense of pride?", "rewrite": "Why did playing for the big bands give Sun Ra the sense of pride?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Gilmore had stated that Sun Ra was \"more stretched out than Monk\" and that \"I'm not gonna run across anybody who's moving as fast as Sun Ra ... So I just stay where I am.\" Gilmore occasionally doubled on drums and also played bass clarinet until Sun Ra hired Robert Cummings as a specialist on the latter instrument in the mid-1950s. However, tenor sax was his main instrument and Gilmore himself made a huge contribution to Sun Ra's recordings and was the Arkestra's leading sideman, being given solos on almost every track on which he appeared. In the \"Rough Guide to Jazz\", Brian Priestley says:  Gilmore is known for two rather different styles of tenor playing. On performances of a straight ahead post-bop character (which include many of those with Sun Ra), he runs the changes with a fluency and tone halfway between Johnny Griffin and Wardell Gray, and with a rhythmic and motivic approach which he claims influenced Coltrane. On more abstract material, he is capable of long passages based exclusively on high-register squeals. Especially when heard live, Gilmore was one of the few musicians who carried sufficient conviction to encompass both approaches. After Sun Ra died in 1993, Gilmore led Ra's Arkestra for a few years before his own death from emphysema. Marshall Allen then took over the Arkestra leadership. For albums with Sun Ra see the Sun Ra discography With Paul Bley With Clifford Jordan With Freddie Hubbard With McCoy Tyner With Elmo Hope With Andrew Hill With Art Blakey With Pete La Roca With Phil Upchurch With Dizzy Reece", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Although big bands are identified with the swing era, they continued to exist after those decades, though the music they played was often different from swing. Bandleader Charlie Barnet's recording of \"Cherokee\" in 1942 and \"The Moose\" in 1943 have been called the beginning of the bop era. Woody Herman's first band, nicknamed the First Herd, borrowed from progressive jazz, while the Second Herd emphasized the saxophone section of three tenors and one baritone. In the 1950s, Stan Kenton referred to his band's music as \"progressive jazz\", \"modern\", and \"new music\". He created his band as a vehicle for his compositions. Kenton pushed the boundaries of big bands by combining clashing elements and by hiring arrangers whose ideas about music conflicted. This expansive eclecticism characterized much of jazz after World War II. During the 1960s and '70s, Sun Ra and his Arketstra took big bands further out. Ra's eclectic music was played by a roster of musicians from ten to thirty and was presented as theater, with costumes, dancers, and special effects. As jazz was expanded during the 1950s through the 1970s, the Basie and Ellington bands were still around, as were bands led by Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton, Earl Hines, Les Brown, Clark Terry, and Doc Severinsen. Progressive bands were led by Dizzy Gillespie, Gil Evans, Carla Bley, Toshiko Akiyoshi and Lew Tabackin, Don Ellis, and Anthony Braxton. Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. Modern big bands can be found playing all styles of jazz music."], "answer": {"text": "and they were highly regarded in the black community.", "answer_start": 1084}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there something he excelled at more than another?", "answer": {"text": "Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get any recognition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South,", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What about the South?", "answer": {"text": "They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience).", "answer_start": 1275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they not disciplined?", "answer": {"text": "Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness,", "answer_start": 1002, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_88da9c030fa446be861a6e91fcd9089c_1_q#11", "question": "Why was this?", "rewrite": "Why was Sun Ra highly regarded in the black community?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Michael Ray (trumpeter)  Michael Ray (born December 24, 1952) is an American jazz trumpeter. He tours extensively with Sun Ra and the successor Sun Ra Arkestra under Marshall Allen's direction following Sun Ra's passing. For a period from the mid-1990s to the present he leads his own band, Michael Ray and the Cosmic Krewe. His playing with Sun Ra and independently has incorporated funkjazz, R & B, electronica and fusion genres. He is originally from Trenton, New Jersey and was born December 24, 1952. His professional start was performing with R & B acts such as Patti LaBelle, The Delfonics and The Stylistics. Ray joined Sun Ra's band in 1978. He appears on Sun Ra albums on Saturn Records and on CDs released by Evidence, Enja, HatHut, Rounder Records, Black Saint/Soul Note, Horo Records, A&M Records, Philly Jazz and ESP-Disk labels. Ray also mixed \"Mayan Temples\", Sun Ra's last studio session (Black Saint/Italy-1992). In 1989 he moved to New Orleans and established several music projects, particularly the Cosmic Krewe. He has released records in the 1990s and 2000s under his leadership. Michael Ray continues to perform with the Sun Ra Arkestra and has appeared with rock-phenom Phish, live and on two Elektra recordings (\"A Live One\" and Trey Anastasio's \"Surrender to the Air\"). He recently worked on a PBS soundtrack for producer Delfeayo Marsalis and appears on recordings of Galactic drummer Stanton Moore and avant rockers Iris May Tango.", "The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One is a 1965 album by the jazz musician Sun Ra. The back cover describes it as an \"\"album of compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra played by Sun Ra and his Solar Arkestra\"\". The album is a notable example of the radical break which Sun Ra's music of that time had made with \"previous notions of melody or harmony\". Although heavily percussive, the music also dispenses with a continuous beat; instead Ra's music is reconstructed around \"interweaving compositional and improvisatory creative principles with programmatic affects\". The album was originally released as The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, with a B/W sleeve designed by Ra himself. This was replaced with a new orange and red sleeve by Howard Bernstein & Baby Jerry - showing Sun Ra with the third eye - and the appendage Vol. 1 added when \"The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two\" was released in 1966. The album was re-released on CD by ZYX-Music (ESP 1014-2) in the 1990s. Gene Tyranny describes the album in his review as  The astonishing sessions that went light years beyond \"free jazz\" improvisation to create a music of deeply felt explosive and gentle gesture made from sound itself without reference to previous notions of melody or harmony. Marshall Allen described the recording of the album in John F Szwed's biography of Ra, Space Is The Place;  \"Sun Ra would go to the studio and he would play something, the bass would come in, and if he didn't like it", "Space Is the Place (soundtrack) Space is the Place is an album by Sun Ra and His Intergalactic Solar Arkestra. The music was recorded in early 1972 in San Francisco, California for the film \"Space Is the Place\". However, the music remained unreleased until Evidence Music issued a compact disc in 1993. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos,\" at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. The soundtrack CD compiles 16 tracks that Sun Ra recorded for the film. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" describes the album as \"a brisk montage of Arkestra music... [I]t works remarkably well and the playing is tight and enigmatic. \" The \"Penguin\" editors also note that \"Mysterious Crystal\" is of particular interest, with the track \"combining a huge array of elements into something that simply cannot be characterized by reference to any other music.\" Ron Wynn of Allmusic describes the tracks as being \"among Sun Ra's most ambitious, unorthodox, and compelling compositions.\" All compositions and arrangements by Sun Ra.", "Ronnie Boykins Ronald Boykins (December 17, 1935 \u2013 April 20, 1980) was a jazz bassist and is best known for his work with pianist/bandleader Sun Ra, although he had played with such disparate musicians as Muddy Waters, Johnny Griffin, and Jimmy Witherspoon prior to joining Sun Ra's Arkestra. He joined the Arkestra during the Chicago period, travelled with them to Canada and then to New York City. Boykins has been described as \"the pivot around which much of Sun Ra's music revolved for 8 years\". This is especially pronounced on the key recordings from 1965 (The Magic City, The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume One and The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two) where the intertwining lines of Boykins' bass and Ra's electronic keyboards provide the cohesion. He was a regular member of Sun Ra's band from 1958 until 1966, and occasionally thereafter up to 1974. Like his fellow Sun Ra bandmates, John Gilmore and Pat Patrick, Boykins attended Chicago's DuSable High School and studied under its famed music teacher \"Captain\" Walter Dyett. He also studied with Ernie Shepard, who would later work with Duke Ellington. Before joining Ra, Boykins had joined with a trombonist friend to open a private club\u2014The House of Culture\u2014with the intent of promoting black culture. Boykins' arco solo on Sun Ra's \"Rocket No. 9 Take Off for Planet Venus\" from 1960 may be the first recorded example of the bass being played in a horn-like manner within a relatively free context, predating similar work by Alan Silva and David Izenzon. Boykins worked with both free and straight-ahead musicians.", "Space Is the Place Space Is the Place is an 85-minute Afrofuturist science fiction film made in 1972 and released in 1974. It was directed by John Coney, written by Sun Ra and Joshua Smith, and features Sun Ra and his Arkestra. A soundtrack was released on Evidence Records. During the late-1960s and early-1970s, Sun Ra and his ensemble made several forays to California. In 1971, Sun Ra taught a course, \"The Black Man in the Cosmos\", at University of California, Berkeley. Over the course of these California visits, Sun Ra came to the attention of Jim Newman, who produced the film \" Space Is the Place\" starring Sun Ra and his Arkestra, and based, in part, on Sun Ra's Berkeley lectures. Sun Ra, who has been reported lost since his European tour in June 1969, lands on a new planet in outer space with his crew, known as \"the Arkestra\", and decides to settle African Americans on this planet. The medium of transportation he chooses for this resettlement is music. He travels back in time and returns to the Chicago strip club where he used to play piano with the name \"Sonny Ray\" in 1943, where he confronts the Overseer (Ray Johnson), a pimp-overlord, and they agree on a game of cards for the fate of the Black race. In present time (the early 1970s), Ra disembarks from his spaceship in Oakland and tries to spread word of his plans. He meets with young African Americans at an Oakland youth centre and opens an \"Outer Space Employment Agency\" to recruit people eager to move to the planet. He also agrees with Jimmy Fey (Christopher Brooks)\u2014an employee of the Overseer\u2014to arrange radio interviews, a record album, and eventually a concert that will help him dictate his message."], "answer": {"text": "They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South, black musicians had wide acceptance in white society.", "answer_start": 1138}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Sun Ra start out as in Sun Ra's early professional career?", "answer": {"text": "who had organized a band to pursue a career as a singer.", "answer_start": 118, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of the band?", "answer": {"text": "singing group the Ginger Snaps", "answer_start": 390, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he do any collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "When Harper left the group mid-tour to move to New York", "answer_start": 283, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What college did he go to?", "answer": {"text": "Blount's being awarded a scholarship at Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University.", "answer_start": 1441, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he study there?", "answer": {"text": "music education major, studying composition, orchestration, and music theory.", "answer_start": 1538, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there something he excelled at more than another?", "answer": {"text": "Though the first edition of the Sonny Blount Orchestra was not financially successful, they earned positive notice from fans and other musicians.", "answer_start": 582, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they get any recognition?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did he do in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "They were expected to be disciplined and presentable, and in the segregated South,", "answer_start": 1138, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What about the South?", "answer": {"text": "They often played for elite white society audiences (though they were typically forbidden from associating with the audience).", "answer_start": 1275, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they not disciplined?", "answer": {"text": "Playing for the big bands gave black musicians a sense of pride and togetherness,", "answer_start": 1002, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did it give them the sense of pride?", "answer": {"text": "and they were highly regarded in the black community.", "answer_start": 1084, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#0", "question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "rewrite": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steve Wickham Steve Wickham is an Irish musician. Originally from Marino, Dublin, but calling Sligo home, Wickham played violin on the classic U2 song \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", as well as recordings by Elvis Costello, the Hothouse Flowers, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and World Party. He is a long-standing member of The Waterboys. Wickham plays both rock and roll and traditional Irish music, and has developed a rock music technique for violin he calls the \"fuzz fiddle\". Wickham is also accomplished with the mandolin, tin whistle, concertina, saxophone, piano, guitar and bones. He identifies Lou Reed, Van Morrison, Toni Marcus, and Mozart as musical influences, amongst others, and Mick Ronson. He is described by Mike Scott as \"the world's greatest rock fiddle player\" and by \"New Musical Express\" as a \"fiddling legend.\" Scott invited Wickham to participate in The Waterboys after hearing his work on an O'Connor demo tape at Wallinger's studio. Wickham contributed his fiddle to the song \" The Pan Within\" on The Waterboys' \"This Is the Sea\". After the album was released, Wallinger left The Waterboys and Wickham joined the group officially. Wickham invited Scott to move The Waterboys to Dublin, Ireland in 1986. Wickham's influence and the new environment resulted in the traditional Irish music and traditional Scottish music sound of \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988). In 1990, Wickham, preferring an acoustic sound over rock, disagreed with Scott and Anthony Thistlethwaite over the direction of The Waterboys, and the group disbanded. Scott reformed the band seven years later.", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994.", "This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\".", "Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\".", "Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys"], "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#1", "question": "What did they do", "rewrite": "What did The Waterboys do", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys", "This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\".", "Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\".", "Steve Wickham Steve Wickham is an Irish musician. Originally from Marino, Dublin, but calling Sligo home, Wickham played violin on the classic U2 song \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", as well as recordings by Elvis Costello, the Hothouse Flowers, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and World Party. He is a long-standing member of The Waterboys. Wickham plays both rock and roll and traditional Irish music, and has developed a rock music technique for violin he calls the \"fuzz fiddle\". Wickham is also accomplished with the mandolin, tin whistle, concertina, saxophone, piano, guitar and bones. He identifies Lou Reed, Van Morrison, Toni Marcus, and Mozart as musical influences, amongst others, and Mick Ronson. He is described by Mike Scott as \"the world's greatest rock fiddle player\" and by \"New Musical Express\" as a \"fiddling legend.\" Scott invited Wickham to participate in The Waterboys after hearing his work on an O'Connor demo tape at Wallinger's studio. Wickham contributed his fiddle to the song \" The Pan Within\" on The Waterboys' \"This Is the Sea\". After the album was released, Wallinger left The Waterboys and Wickham joined the group officially. Wickham invited Scott to move The Waterboys to Dublin, Ireland in 1986. Wickham's influence and the new environment resulted in the traditional Irish music and traditional Scottish music sound of \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988). In 1990, Wickham, preferring an acoustic sound over rock, disagreed with Scott and Anthony Thistlethwaite over the direction of The Waterboys, and the group disbanded. Scott reformed the band seven years later.", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994."], "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#2", "question": "What happened to these men", "rewrite": "What happened to  The Waterboys men", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\".", "Steve Wickham Steve Wickham is an Irish musician. Originally from Marino, Dublin, but calling Sligo home, Wickham played violin on the classic U2 song \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", as well as recordings by Elvis Costello, the Hothouse Flowers, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and World Party. He is a long-standing member of The Waterboys. Wickham plays both rock and roll and traditional Irish music, and has developed a rock music technique for violin he calls the \"fuzz fiddle\". Wickham is also accomplished with the mandolin, tin whistle, concertina, saxophone, piano, guitar and bones. He identifies Lou Reed, Van Morrison, Toni Marcus, and Mozart as musical influences, amongst others, and Mick Ronson. He is described by Mike Scott as \"the world's greatest rock fiddle player\" and by \"New Musical Express\" as a \"fiddling legend.\" Scott invited Wickham to participate in The Waterboys after hearing his work on an O'Connor demo tape at Wallinger's studio. Wickham contributed his fiddle to the song \" The Pan Within\" on The Waterboys' \"This Is the Sea\". After the album was released, Wallinger left The Waterboys and Wickham joined the group officially. Wickham invited Scott to move The Waterboys to Dublin, Ireland in 1986. Wickham's influence and the new environment resulted in the traditional Irish music and traditional Scottish music sound of \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988). In 1990, Wickham, preferring an acoustic sound over rock, disagreed with Scott and Anthony Thistlethwaite over the direction of The Waterboys, and the group disbanded. Scott reformed the band seven years later.", "Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys", "Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\".", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994."], "answer": {"text": "quickly became influenced by the traditional Irish music", "answer_start": 78}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do", "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#3", "question": "What did this", "rewrite": "What did  The Waterboys do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steve Wickham Steve Wickham is an Irish musician. Originally from Marino, Dublin, but calling Sligo home, Wickham played violin on the classic U2 song \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", as well as recordings by Elvis Costello, the Hothouse Flowers, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and World Party. He is a long-standing member of The Waterboys. Wickham plays both rock and roll and traditional Irish music, and has developed a rock music technique for violin he calls the \"fuzz fiddle\". Wickham is also accomplished with the mandolin, tin whistle, concertina, saxophone, piano, guitar and bones. He identifies Lou Reed, Van Morrison, Toni Marcus, and Mozart as musical influences, amongst others, and Mick Ronson. He is described by Mike Scott as \"the world's greatest rock fiddle player\" and by \"New Musical Express\" as a \"fiddling legend.\" Scott invited Wickham to participate in The Waterboys after hearing his work on an O'Connor demo tape at Wallinger's studio. Wickham contributed his fiddle to the song \" The Pan Within\" on The Waterboys' \"This Is the Sea\". After the album was released, Wallinger left The Waterboys and Wickham joined the group officially. Wickham invited Scott to move The Waterboys to Dublin, Ireland in 1986. Wickham's influence and the new environment resulted in the traditional Irish music and traditional Scottish music sound of \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988). In 1990, Wickham, preferring an acoustic sound over rock, disagreed with Scott and Anthony Thistlethwaite over the direction of The Waterboys, and the group disbanded. Scott reformed the band seven years later.", "This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\".", "Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\".", "Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994."], "answer": {"text": "well as by country and gospel.", "answer_start": 144}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do", "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "quickly became influenced by the traditional Irish music", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#4", "question": "What changed", "rewrite": "What changed for the  The Waterboys", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Steve Wickham Steve Wickham is an Irish musician. Originally from Marino, Dublin, but calling Sligo home, Wickham played violin on the classic U2 song \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", as well as recordings by Elvis Costello, the Hothouse Flowers, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and World Party. He is a long-standing member of The Waterboys. Wickham plays both rock and roll and traditional Irish music, and has developed a rock music technique for violin he calls the \"fuzz fiddle\". Wickham is also accomplished with the mandolin, tin whistle, concertina, saxophone, piano, guitar and bones. He identifies Lou Reed, Van Morrison, Toni Marcus, and Mozart as musical influences, amongst others, and Mick Ronson. He is described by Mike Scott as \"the world's greatest rock fiddle player\" and by \"New Musical Express\" as a \"fiddling legend.\" Scott invited Wickham to participate in The Waterboys after hearing his work on an O'Connor demo tape at Wallinger's studio. Wickham contributed his fiddle to the song \" The Pan Within\" on The Waterboys' \"This Is the Sea\". After the album was released, Wallinger left The Waterboys and Wickham joined the group officially. Wickham invited Scott to move The Waterboys to Dublin, Ireland in 1986. Wickham's influence and the new environment resulted in the traditional Irish music and traditional Scottish music sound of \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988). In 1990, Wickham, preferring an acoustic sound over rock, disagreed with Scott and Anthony Thistlethwaite over the direction of The Waterboys, and the group disbanded. Scott reformed the band seven years later.", "Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\".", "Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys", "This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\".", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994."], "answer": {"text": "The band's line-up changed once again with", "answer_start": 175}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do", "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "quickly became influenced by the traditional Irish music", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this", "answer": {"text": "well as by country and gospel.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#5", "question": "Who else joined the band", "rewrite": "Who else joined the band other than  The Waterboys", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys", "This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\".", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994.", "Steve Wickham Steve Wickham is an Irish musician. Originally from Marino, Dublin, but calling Sligo home, Wickham played violin on the classic U2 song \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", as well as recordings by Elvis Costello, the Hothouse Flowers, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and World Party. He is a long-standing member of The Waterboys. Wickham plays both rock and roll and traditional Irish music, and has developed a rock music technique for violin he calls the \"fuzz fiddle\". Wickham is also accomplished with the mandolin, tin whistle, concertina, saxophone, piano, guitar and bones. He identifies Lou Reed, Van Morrison, Toni Marcus, and Mozart as musical influences, amongst others, and Mick Ronson. He is described by Mike Scott as \"the world's greatest rock fiddle player\" and by \"New Musical Express\" as a \"fiddling legend.\" Scott invited Wickham to participate in The Waterboys after hearing his work on an O'Connor demo tape at Wallinger's studio. Wickham contributed his fiddle to the song \" The Pan Within\" on The Waterboys' \"This Is the Sea\". After the album was released, Wallinger left The Waterboys and Wickham joined the group officially. Wickham invited Scott to move The Waterboys to Dublin, Ireland in 1986. Wickham's influence and the new environment resulted in the traditional Irish music and traditional Scottish music sound of \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988). In 1990, Wickham, preferring an acoustic sound over rock, disagreed with Scott and Anthony Thistlethwaite over the direction of The Waterboys, and the group disbanded. Scott reformed the band seven years later.", "Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\"."], "answer": {"text": "Wickham and Thistlethwaite now joined by Trevor Hutchinson on bass and Peter McKinney on drums. The new band, which the official Waterboys'", "answer_start": 225}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do", "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "quickly became influenced by the traditional Irish music", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this", "answer": {"text": "well as by country and gospel.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What changed", "answer": {"text": "The band's line-up changed once again with", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#6", "question": "What happened to the band", "rewrite": "What happened to the  The Waterboys band", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys", "Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\".", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994.", "Richard Naiff Richard Naiff is a pianist and flautist from London, England who has performed with the bands Soulsec, The Catacoustics, The Waterboys and The Icicle Works. Naiff is a classically trained musician, having joined the Guildhall School of Music at age ten. The Irish music website Cluas.com describes Naiff as \"phenomenally talented\". Naiff was invited to participate on The Waterboys' album \"A Rock in the Weary Land\" after the group's leader Mike Scott heard his piano work in a studio next to one where the recording sessions for \"A Rock in the Weary Land\" were taking place. Naiff joined the band officially in June 2000. Along with Mike Scott and Steve Wickham, Naiff makes up the core of the post-2000 Waterboys band. Former Waterboy Ian McNabb described Naiff as Scott's \"find of the century\". Not coincidentally, while keeping his membership in the Waterboys, Naiff also joined McNabb's touring band in 2004, and became a member of a revived version of McNabb's old band The Icicle Works in 2006. Naiff's rock and roll influences include The Damned.", "This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\"."], "answer": {"text": "Dublin and touring the UK, Ireland, Europe and Israel.", "answer_start": 453}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do", "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "quickly became influenced by the traditional Irish music", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this", "answer": {"text": "well as by country and gospel.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What changed", "answer": {"text": "The band's line-up changed once again with", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else joined the band", "answer": {"text": "Wickham and Thistlethwaite now joined by Trevor Hutchinson on bass and Peter McKinney on drums. The new band, which the official Waterboys'", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#7", "question": "What are they called", "rewrite": "What are  The Waterboys called", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Fisherman's Blues  Fisherman's Blues is a 1988 album by The Waterboys. The album marked a change in the band's sound, with them abandoning their earlier grandiose rock sound for a mixture of traditional Irish music, traditional Scottish music, country music, and rock and roll. Critics were divided on its release with some disappointed at the change of direction and others ranking it among The Waterboys' best work. The album was the Waterboys' best selling album, reaching a number 13 placing on the U.K. charts on release, and 76 on the \"Billboard\" 200. The history behind \"Fisherman's Blues\" begins with Steve Wickham's contribution to \"The Pan Within\" on the preceding Waterboys album \" This Is the Sea\". Wickham joined the group officially in 1985 after \"This Is the Sea\" had been released. Mike Scott, The Waterboys' leader, spent time in Dublin with Wickham, and moved to Ireland in 1986. That year The Waterboys performed \"Fisherman's Blues\" on The Tube, which was the first time the new musical direction the band was taking was demonstrated. The recording sessions for the album were lengthy and produced a great deal of music. The sessions began at Windmill Lane Studio in Dublin and lasted from January through March 1986. An additional session took place that December in San Francisco. From March to August 1987 The Waterboys were recording in Windmill Lane again. Scott moved to Galway and another year passed as the band recorded at Spiddal House, where Scott was living. The entire second side of the original record is made up of recordings from this 1988 session. The album was released that October (see 1988 in music). Scott describes the process; \"We started recording our fourth album in early '86 and completed it 100 songs and 2 years later\".", "Grainge signed Another Pretty Face to the label, and the band moved to London, changing its name to Funhouse (taken from the name of The Stooges' album \"Fun House\"). Scott had become dissatisfied with the band. He later described Funhouse's sound as \"similar to a jumbo jet flying on one engine\". Scott began working on solo songs and recordings, a decision that led to the creation of The Waterboys. A December 1981 session at Redshop Studios formed the beginnings of The Waterboys' first album, \"The Waterboys\". The Waterboys' membership has changed a great deal throughout the group's existence. Anthony Thistlethwaite, Karl Wallinger, Kevin Wilkinson and Steve Wickham all made major contributions, but Scott describes the band as his project. \" [T]o me there's no difference between Mike Scott and the Waterboys; they both mean the same thing. They mean myself and whoever are my current travelling musical companions. \" The Waterboys' first release was a single of \"A Girl Called Johnny\" in March 1983. The first album came out that June. Along with \"The Waterboys\", the next two albums, \"A Pagan Place\" and \"This Is the Sea\", released in 1984 and 1985, contained songs mostly written by Scott, and together formed the band's \"Big Music\" period. After the official addition of fiddler Steve Wickham and a move to Ireland, the next two albums \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988) and \"Room to Roam\" (1990) were instead Celtic music-inspired folk music, a sound similar to that of We Free Kings, a band that Scott and Wickham performed with in 1986. Scott's musical style changed again to a more guitar based sound when he, under the name The Waterboys", "This Is the Sea This Is the Sea is the third The Waterboys album, and the last of their \"Big Music\" albums. Considered by critics to be the finest album of their early rock-oriented sound, described as \"epic\" and \"a defining moment\", it was the first Waterboys album to enter the United Kingdom charts, peaking at number 37. Steve Wickham makes his Waterboys recording debut playing violin on 'The Pan Within' and subsequently joined the band, appearing on the video of \"The Whole of the Moon\". \"This Is the Sea\" is the last album with contributions from Karl Wallinger, who left the group to form his own band, World Party. Mike Scott, the album's principal songwriter and leader of The Waterboys, describes \"This Is the Sea\" as \"the record on which I achieved all my youthful musical ambitions\", \"the final, fully realised expression of the early Waterboys sound\", influenced by The Velvet Underground, Van Morrison's \"Astral Weeks\", and Steve Reich. Regarding the end of the groups sound being tied to \"The Big Music\" after completing the album, Scott stated, \"I finished with that kind of music to achieve whatever it was I was trying to achieve with that album. That overdubbed big sounding music, I didn't need to do it anymore.\" The album was recorded between March and July 1985, and released that October (see 1985 in music). A remastered and expanded version was released in 2004. \"This Is the Sea\" contains the best-selling Waterboys single, the song \"The Whole of the Moon\". The album cover is a photograph taken by Lynn Goldsmith. Scott began writing songs for \"This Is the Sea\" in the spring of 1984, beginning with the song \"Trumpets\".", "The Live Adventures of the Waterboys The Live Adventures of the Waterboys is a concert recording, released by The Waterboys in 1998. Mike Scott refers to this album as an \"unofficial release\" or bootleg recording, but praises the recording period as a \"classic\" period for the Waterboys. Most of the live songs on \"The Live Adventures...\" indeed already appeared on the bootlegs \"A Golden Day\" (1991) and \"Born To Be Together\" (1992). It is the only Waterboys album on which member Guy Chambers appears. According to Scott, the album was put out by New Millennium Communications (NMC). Scott claims that New Millennium stopped paying royalties to the band but continued to sell the album. The album is not listed on the band's own discography. The Waterboys released another, entirely official, live album, \"Karma to Burn\", through Scott's own record label, Puck records, in 2005. \"A Girl Called Johnny\" was the first Waterboys single and was originally released on \"The Waterboys\" (1983), as was \"Savage Earth Heart.\" \"The Thrill Is Gone\" was originally released on \"A Pagan Place\" (1984). \"Medicine Bow\", \"This Is the Sea\", \"Be My Enemy\", \"Old England\", \"The Pan Within\", \"The Whole of the Moon\" and \"Spirit\" were originally released on \" This Is the Sea\" (1985). \"Fisherman's Blues\" and \"We Will Not Be Lovers\" were originally released on the album, \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988), over two years after these live performances. A studio version of \"The Earth Only Endures\" was released on \"The Secret Life of the Waterboys 81-85\" compilation of outtakes, live tracks and demos in 1994.", "Steve Wickham Steve Wickham is an Irish musician. Originally from Marino, Dublin, but calling Sligo home, Wickham played violin on the classic U2 song \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", as well as recordings by Elvis Costello, the Hothouse Flowers, Sin\u00e9ad O'Connor, and World Party. He is a long-standing member of The Waterboys. Wickham plays both rock and roll and traditional Irish music, and has developed a rock music technique for violin he calls the \"fuzz fiddle\". Wickham is also accomplished with the mandolin, tin whistle, concertina, saxophone, piano, guitar and bones. He identifies Lou Reed, Van Morrison, Toni Marcus, and Mozart as musical influences, amongst others, and Mick Ronson. He is described by Mike Scott as \"the world's greatest rock fiddle player\" and by \"New Musical Express\" as a \"fiddling legend.\" Scott invited Wickham to participate in The Waterboys after hearing his work on an O'Connor demo tape at Wallinger's studio. Wickham contributed his fiddle to the song \" The Pan Within\" on The Waterboys' \"This Is the Sea\". After the album was released, Wallinger left The Waterboys and Wickham joined the group officially. Wickham invited Scott to move The Waterboys to Dublin, Ireland in 1986. Wickham's influence and the new environment resulted in the traditional Irish music and traditional Scottish music sound of \"Fisherman's Blues\" (1988). In 1990, Wickham, preferring an acoustic sound over rock, disagreed with Scott and Anthony Thistlethwaite over the direction of The Waterboys, and the group disbanded. Scott reformed the band seven years later."], "answer": {"text": "Raggle Taggle band\" line-up, spent 1986 and 1987", "answer_start": 391}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do", "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "quickly became influenced by the traditional Irish music", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this", "answer": {"text": "well as by country and gospel.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What changed", "answer": {"text": "The band's line-up changed once again with", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else joined the band", "answer": {"text": "Wickham and Thistlethwaite now joined by Trevor Hutchinson on bass and Peter McKinney on drums. The new band, which the official Waterboys'", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the band", "answer": {"text": "Dublin and touring the UK, Ireland, Europe and Israel.", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_24a3936578394aa29d475098ff883c39_0_q#8", "question": "What did this cause", "rewrite": "What did the change of name cause?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jens Lekman Jens Martin Lekman (; born 6 February 1981) is a Swedish musician. His music is guitar-based pop with heavy use of samples and strings, with lyrics that are often witty, romantic, and melancholic. His work is heavily influenced by Jonathan Richman and Belle & Sebastian, and he has been likened to Stephin Merritt (of The Magnetic Fields), David Byrne, and Scott Walker. Lekman was born February 6, 1981 in Angered, Gothenburg, next to an Estrella chips factory. As a child, he was not particularly interested in music, but the age of fourteen he was asked to play bass in a friend's cover band. This sparked his own songwriting and he quickly came to write hundreds of songs. Gradually, he adopted the pseudonym Rocky Dennis, a name he borrowed from the protagonist in the movie \"Mask\". Under this name, he began releasing limited edition CD-R discs, the first of which was 2001's \"The Budgie\". The following year, he sent a collection of their songs to the American record label Secretly Canadian, who contracted him. From 2000 to 2003, Lekman recorded and released much of his material privately on CD-R. Because one of his songs during this time was entitled \"Rocky Dennis' Farewell Song to the Blind Girl\", inspired by the movie \"Mask\", Lekman was mistakenly referred to as \"Rocky Dennis\". Lekman says that it was a \"mistake\": \"someone thought that was my real name cause I had a song about him, and then radio picked up on it, and I never had a chance to change it\". He put the confusion to rest with his \"Rocky Dennis in Heaven\" EP (2004). In 2003, Lekman self-released a 7\" vinyl EP, \"Maple Leaves\".", "In the model   Traditionally, B was considered to be a confounder, because it is associated with X and with Y but is not on a causal path nor is it a descendant of anything on a causal path. Controlling for B causes it to become a confounder. This is known as M-bias. In a causal model, the method for identifying all appropriate counfounders (deconfounding) is to block every noncausal path between X and Y without disrupting any causal paths. Definition: a backdoor path between two variables X and Y is any path from X to Y that starts with an arrow pointing to X.   X and Y are deconfounded if every backdoor path is blocked and no controlled-for variable Z is descended from X. It is not necessary to control for any variables other than the deconfounders. Definition: the backdoor criterion is satisfied when all backdoor paths in a model are blocked. When the causal model is a plausible representation of reality and the backdoor criterion is satisfied, then partial regression coefficients can be used as (causal) path coefficients (for linear relationships). Definition: a frontdoor path is a direct causal path for which data is available for all variables. The following converts a do expression into a do-free expression by conditioning on the variables along the front-door path. Presuming data for these observable probabilities is available, the ultimate probability can be computed without an experiment, regardless of the existence of other confounding paths and without backdoor adjustment. Queries are questions asked based on a specific model. They are generally answered via performing experiments (interventions). Interventions take the form of fixing the value of one variable in a model and observing the result.", "Clarence Orvil Dodd Clarence Orohrelle Dodd (February 5, 1899 - December 25, 1955), often known as Clarence Orvil Dodd and C. O. Dodd, was an American author and magazine editor and an Elder of a particular Church of God (Seventh Day) denomination church in Salem, West Virginia in the early 20th century. In 1920 he married Martha I. Richmond, whom he predeceased. They had five children, four boys (Clebert, Robert, William, and Paul) and one daughter Mary, now Mary Dodd Ling. He worked as a clerk for 35 years for Hope Natural Gas Company (now absorbed into ExxonMobil) while writing, editing and publishing his magazine, and serving his church, until he retired early due to Hodgkins' disease. Two years subsequent to his retirement he died. In 1937 Dodd founded \"The Faith\" magazine, where he served as editor for many years. Initially the primary focus of \"The Faith\" was advocating for observation of Jewish holy festivals on the part of its Christian readers but in the early 1940s Dodd took up the sacred name cause as well. In The Encyclopedia of American Religions scholar of American religions J. Gordon Melton wrote of the magazine, \"No single force in spreading the Sacred Name movement was as important as \"The Faith\" magazine.\" Mildred Kelvig, a lifelong acquaintance who had served for many years as his personal secretary, claimed that Dodd's acquaintance with Worldwide Church of God founder Herbert W. Armstrong influenced the latter's views. She specified that Dodd convinced Armstrong of Greenberry G. Rupert's (May 12, 1848 \u2013 July 17, 1922, author of \"The Yellow Peril\") assertions that observing Hebrew holidays is mandatory for a Christian.", "Shi Pingmei Pingmei Shi or Shi Pingmei (20 September 1902 \u2013 30 September 1928) was a Chinese writer. She was considered as one of the four women famous for their contributions to modern Chinese literature in the early Republic of China. Shi was born in Taiyuan in 1902 in Pingding County, Shanxi Province. From an early age she was exceptional. She would memorise whole books. Her father did not agree that to keep women virtuous you should keep them ignorant and he sent his daughter to school in Taiyuan. She studied in Shanxi's provincial capital until she was she 18 when she graduated from the Taiyuan Women's Teaching College. Her education's costs were small as charges were not made for exceptional students. The school had been started by L\u00fc Bicheng. She took an interest in politics and for that reason she moved to Beijing and enrolled at the Women's Teaching College. She actually majored in physical education because there was no course that year for literature. After she left education she had a busy life. She wrote novel poetry and became a popular writer on ideas and Marxism. Her love life was tragic. She was tricked into swearing her undying love to a married man. When she met another man, Gao Junyu, she felt too damaged to accept his proposals and she demanded only friendship. He was from the same province of China and he was a founding member of China's communist party. Gao Junyu was also a devoted communist and he was married. They would meet and Gao Junyu divorced his wife. The only token of love she accepted was an ivory ring which matched one that he wore. He died when she was 23 and for the next three years she went to Taoran Pavilion where he was buried. She also had a now famous friendship with fellow writers Lu Yin and Lu Jingqing.", "Encarna Sant-Celoni i Verger Encarna Sant-Celoni i Verger (Tavernes de la Valldigna, La Safor, 1959) is a Valencian narrative writer, poet and translator. In 1983 she won the Ciutat de Cullera prize, with \"Dotze contes i una nota necrol\u00f2gica\", and in 1985 she obtained the prestigious Premi Joanot Martorell de Gandia, with her novel \"Siamangorina\". She is a member of AELC and has translated, among other works, \" Els mil i un quarts d'hora\", by Thomas-Simon Gueullette (Editorial Moll, 2008), and has co-translated from Danish the anthology \"Digte-POEMES\", by Tove Ditlevsen (Alfons el Magn\u00e0nim, 1995), together with Anne Marie Dinesen. And from Arabic she has translated all the cassidas in existence today of the poets of Al Andalus in the work \"Perles de la nit. Poetes andalusines\", together with Margarida Castells (Adesiara Editorial, 2013). In 2004 she was awarded the Vila de Pu\u00e7ol prize and in 2008 she published the anthology \"Er\u00f2tiques i despentinades. Un recorregut de cent anys per la poesia catalana amb veu de dona\", with artwork by Maria Montes (Arola Editors). She is also co-author of two language texts, \"Reciclatge\" (1992) and \"Accent greu\" (2000). She has also collaborated with various magazines, journals and publications as well as taking part in several collective acts of homage and new books concerned with poetry in particular. Novel Poetry Narrative writing"], "answer": {"text": "Some of these performances were released in 1998 on The Live Adventures of the Waterboys,", "answer_start": 508}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who did the invite of the  Waterboys", "answer": {"text": "At the invitation of new member Steve Wickham, Mike Scott", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do", "answer": {"text": "moved to Dublin", "answer_start": 58, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to these men", "answer": {"text": "quickly became influenced by the traditional Irish music", "answer_start": 78, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did this", "answer": {"text": "well as by country and gospel.", "answer_start": 144, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What changed", "answer": {"text": "The band's line-up changed once again with", "answer_start": 175, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else joined the band", "answer": {"text": "Wickham and Thistlethwaite now joined by Trevor Hutchinson on bass and Peter McKinney on drums. The new band, which the official Waterboys'", "answer_start": 225, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened to the band", "answer": {"text": "Dublin and touring the UK, Ireland, Europe and Israel.", "answer_start": 453, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What are they called", "answer": {"text": "Raggle Taggle band\" line-up, spent 1986 and 1987", "answer_start": 391, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1dfaab0180cd4664a5323f4f989cc2aa_0_q#0", "question": "did Vinnie Paz release an album?", "rewrite": "did Vinnie Paz release an album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Torture Papers the roster at this point contained Apathy, King Syze, Crypt the Warchild, Des Devious, Esoteric, Celph Titled, Chief Kamachi, Planetary, Vinnie Paz, Reef the Lost Cauze and Faez One. The album peaked at number 48 on the Billboard Top Independent Albums. In 2005, King Syze announced that he was working on his debut album titled Syzemology. It was officially released 13 June 2006 and contained guest appearances from Block McCloud, Pumpkinhead, Des Devious, OuterSpace, Reef the Lost Cauze, Vinnie Paz and more. In 2007, the second album by hip hop supergroup Army of the Pharaohs was released titled Ritual of Battle on September 21, 2007. The album features group members Vinnie Paz, Jus Allah, OuterSpace, Chief Kamachi, Reef the Lost Cauze, Esoteric , Celph Titled, King Syze, Des Devious, Doap Nixon, Demoz, and King Magnetic. Although he was prominently featured on the group's debut album The Torture Papers, Apathy does not appear on Ritual of Battle. Later in 2007, German production group Snowgoons enlisted King Syzes track \"Blitz Inc.\" on their mixtape The Joining Forces. In 2008, King Syze released his second studio album \"The Labor Union\". The album was known for \"Syze lacing his relentless, rapid-fire flow over a slew of spine-tingling gutter tracks \" It contained production from Team 707, DJ Waxwork, Skammadix, and DJ Cru Cut and more. The album was considered an underground cult classic. The album saw appearances from fellow Pharaoh soldiers Vinnie Paz, Reef the Lost Cauze, Apathy, Des Devious, and Doap Nixon as well as OuterSpace and Ill Bill of Non Phixion.", "It featured 12 tracks and 6 bonus tracks. Prior to the release of their first LP, Vinnie Paz had conceived the idea of forming a rotating, collaborative super-group of underground East Coast artists called the Army of the Pharaohs (AotP). The LP was originally titled \"Polymatrix: Reincarnation of the Hologramic Christ\". Vinnie Paz became noticeably more aggressive, abandoning his cosmic, paranoid rhyme style from The Psycho-Social CD for more violent lyrics. The LP also introduced Jus Allah, a founding member of JMT who had left for college but dropped out a short while after. A self-proclaimed five-percenter, Jus was present on every non-AotP track on \"Violent by Design\" as JMT's unofficial third member. Most of the lyrics in Violent By Design show Jus and Paz describing exaggerated ways of killing people as well as their metaphorical superhuman powers. Typically, they do this by combining themes of hardcore/gangsta rap with mythological or fantasy imagery. The list of guest artists on this album was also their longest, including Mr. Lif, Planetary of OuterSpace, Louis Logic, Diamondback, Philip King Rappah,Coffee Gangsta Child L-Fudge, B.A. Barakus, J-Treds, Killa Sha, C-Baz and Tragedy Khadafi, plus a couple of odd phone-call interludes by Mr. Len. During the course of \"Violent by Design's\" 1999\u20132000 recording period, Paz changed his alias to Vinnie Paz, inspired by the boxer of the same name. The reason for this has been reported to be the result of a short-lived rivalry instigated by fellow Philly underground rapper iCON the Mic King. Vinnie Paz decided to settle on his new moniker in order to prevent any further confusion.", "OuterSpace were seen on Army of the Pharaohs second studio album \"Ritual of Battle\", it was officially released on September 21, 2007, . The album also features group members Vinnie Paz, Jus Allah, Chief Kamachi, Reef the Lost Cauze, Esoteric, Celph Titled, King Syze, Des Devious, Doap Nixon, Demoz, and King Magnetic. Although he was prominently featured on the group's debut album \"The Torture Papers\", Apathy does not appear on \"Ritual of Battle\". On September 30, 2008 OuterSpace released their third studio album titled; \"God's Fury\". It was released via Babygrande Records. The album features collaborations by Jedi Mind Tricks member Vinnie Paz, Sick Jacken & Cynic of Psycho Realm, and fellow A.O.T.P. members Doap Nixon, Reef The Lost Cauze, Des Devious, King Syze, Celph Titled, and Chief Kamachi. OuterSpace were also seen collaborating with Doap Nixon on his debut LP \"Sour Diesel\" on the song \"Warning Shot\" alongside brother King Syze. OuterSpace returned to work on the third studio album with Army of the Pharaohs titled The Unholy Terror. The official street release date was March 30, 2010, but the album was released early on March 19, 2010 on UGHH.com. On August 23, 2011, OuterSpace released their fourth studio album titled \"My Brother's Keeper\". It was released by Enemy Soil. The Album features collaborations by Jedi Mind Tricks member Vinnie Paz, Ill Bill, Doap Nixon, Apathy, Blacastan, Esoteric, Sick Jacken, King Syze and V-Zilla. On November 30, 2013, Vinnie Paz revealed that two new Army Of The Pharaohs albums would be released in 2014. \"", "This album also marked the departure of Chief Kamachi who left the group because of business issues and an apparent feud with Vinnie Paz and Apathy. In early 2011, Vinnie Paz announced on his Facebook page that \"In Death Reborn\" is due to be released in 2012, however the date was pushed back and almost seemed like it was never going to be released. Early in 2012, Houston underground MC VZilla and Connecticut's Blacastan were added to the group. Both artists have made names for themselves with their features and album releases in 2012. \" In Death Reborn\" was eventually released on April 22, 2014. The album featured members Vinnie Paz, Apathy, Blacastan, Block McCloud, Celph Titled, Demoz, Des Devious, Doap Nixon, Esoteric, Lawrence Arnell, King Magnetic, King Syze, OuterSpace, Reef the Lost Cauze and VZilla. Their fifth studio album, \"Heavy Lies the Crown\" was released on October 21, 2014. The original incarnation of the group included five MCs: Vinnie Paz, Chief Kamachi, Esoteric, Virtuoso and Bahamadia, along with Jedi Mind Tricks producer [Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind]. The group released their debut EP/single \"The Five Perfect Exertions b/w War Ensemble\" in 1998. Both tracks were later included on Jedi Minds Tricks' 2000 album \"Violent by Design\"; with \"The Five Perfect Exertions\" being remixed into \"Exertions Remix\", and both \"Exertions\" and \"War Ensemble\" shedding Chief Kamachi's appearance. The Army Of The Pharaohs project was put on the back-burner while JMT's career took off. In 2003, AOTP released their debut compilation album \"Rare Shit, Collabos and Freestyles\".", "Heavy Metal Kings Heavy Metal Kings is an underground hip hop duo which consists of veteran rappers Ill Bill (formerly of Non Phixion, currently of La Coka Nostra) and Vinnie Paz (Jedi Mind Tricks and Army of the Pharaohs). In 2006, Ill Bill was featured on the single \"Heavy Metal Kings\" by hip hop duo Jedi Mind Tricks, released through Babygrande Records. The single was released in a limited edition blue vinyl pressing, with every copy signed by group vocalist Vinnie Paz. \"Heavy Metal Kings\" is the lead single from the group's fifth album, \"Servants in Heaven, Kings in Hell\". The song features a sample from \"Boiling Rage (Estuans Interius)\" by German composer Carl Orff, taken from his famous cantata \"Carmina Burana\", and a vocal sample from \"Front Lines (Hell on Earth)\" by Mobb Deep for the chorus. The song's music video was released shortly before the album's release, and featured guest appearances from the group's DJ, DJ Kwestion, and R.A. The Rugged Man. Ill Bill and Vinnie Paz have since combined forces to form a group of the same name, \"Heavy Metal Kings,\" and record a full self-titled album to be released April 5, 2011 through Enemy Soil/Uncle Howie. Ill Bill and Vinnie Paz have since combined forces to form a group of the same name, \"Heavy Metal Kings,\" and record a full self-titled album to be released April 5, 2011 through Enemy Soil/Uncle Howie. \" Keeper Of The Seven Keys\" produced by up and coming producer, C-Lance, is the first track from the new Heavy Metal Kings album."], "answer": {"text": "They released their first EP in 1996 called Amber Probe", "answer_start": 146}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1dfaab0180cd4664a5323f4f989cc2aa_0_q#1", "question": "what was his third studio album released?", "rewrite": "what was Jedi Mind Tricks third studio album released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["A History of Violence (album) A History of Violence is the sixth album by Philadelphia hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks, released on November 11, 2008 on Babygrande Records. The album followed multiple summer releases from the Jedi Mind Tricks camp, including the group's first DVD, titled \"Divine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks\", and the Vinnie Paz-executive produced projects \" Jedi Mind Tricks presents Doap Nixon: Sour Diesel\", \"Jedi Mind Tricks presents King Syze: The Labor Union\", and \"Jedi Mind Tricks presents OuterSpace: God's Fury\". The album's first single \"Monolith\" was released on October 2, 2008 and is available free at Babygrande's official website. Their second single \"Godflesh\" was released on their website and it featured King Magnetic and Block McCloud too. The album features former Jedi Mind Tricks member Jus Allah's return to the group. The album sold 4,451 units in its first week out. All songs are produced by Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind", "Jus Allah, Doap Nixon and Demoz were added to the AotP roster in 2007, and contributed verses to the group's second studio album \"Ritual of Battle\", which was released on September 25, 2007. Also, in summer 2008, Jedi Mind Tricks' Label, Babygrande, released a JMT DVD. \" With a 12+ year career under their belt and a continually growing rabid fan base, the history of Jedi Mind Tricks has never been officially documented\u2026until summer 2008, \u201cDivine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks DVD,\u201d promises an insightful excursion into the roots of an underground empire. \" This is from Babygrande's Newsletter. In an interview conducted in September 2007 on the Art of Rhyme website, Jus Allah announced that he has rejoined Jedi Mind Tricks. In the interview he states that \"I'm back in the group [and that] I'm focused on... putting out the next Jedi Mind Tricks album... a History of Violence.\" \"A History of Violence\" was released on November 11, 2008. This album would be the last JMT album released on Babygrande Records. After a long time dispute with Babygrande Records, JMT decided to part ways and form their own record label entitled Enemy Soil. Enemy Soil features artists such as JMT, Reef the Lost Cauze, Dutch (the side group of Stoupe The Enemy Of Mankind), and Army of the Pharaohs. Vinnie Paz released his first solo album \"Season of the Assassin\" on June 22, 2010. Jus Allah is in the works of releasing his second solo album entitled MMA (Meanest Man Alive). Stoupe released the album for his group, Dutch, (which features Liz Fullerton on vocals) entitled \"A Bright Cold Day\" on June 8, 2010.", "Paz got together members of Army of the Pharaohs to release their second album, Ritual of Battle. It was released September 21, 2007 on Babygrande Records. The album's first single was \"Bloody Tears\", featuring Planetary, Doap Nixon, Demoz, Vinnie Paz and was produced by DJ Kwestion. The song was based on the Castlevania tune of the same name. On November 11, 2008, Jedi Mind Tricks released their sixth studio album, A History of Violence (album). The album sold 4,451 units in its first week out. Just like most albums, it was released on Babygrande Records. The album followed multiple summer releases from the Jedi Mind Tricks camp, including the group's first DVD, titled Divine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks, and the Vinnie Paz-executive produced projects Jedi Mind Tricks presents Doap Nixon: Sour Diesel, Jedi Mind Tricks presents King Syze: The Labor Union, and Jedi Mind Tricks presents OuterSpace: God's Fury. In 2010, The Unholy Terror was released. It is the third studio album by Army of the Pharaohs. The release date was March 30, 2010, but the album was released early on March 19, 2010 on UGHH.com. It was released through Babygrande Records and through Paz's own Enemy Soil. It was during this time Paz released his debut solo album, Season of the Assassin. Many critics said the album was a step forward for Paz as an artist. \"Not only has he all-but perfected his grimy braggadocio, but he also exhibits unique storytelling abilities that will make critics who dismiss him as just another hardcore rapper bite their tongues clean off.\" said Sean Ryon, writer of HipHopDX.", "Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind Kevin Baldwin, better known by his stage name as Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind, is an American hip hop producer, DJ, and member of the underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks. Stoupe has worked with only a limited number of artists outside of Jedi Mind Tricks, including 7L & Esoteric, Canibus, Virtuoso and Guru of Gang Starr. About.com placed him on its list of the \"Top 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Producers\". After years as a duo and then a trio, Baldwin left Jedi Mind Tricks in 2011 and \"Violence Begets Violence\" would be their only album to not feature Stoupe production. Vinnie Paz stated in a blog on the JMT website that Stoupe had lacked interest in the group and decided to focus on other things in his career, such as his side groups, and that Stoupe would not be producing any of the tracks on the new JMT album. However, Stoupe returned to Jedi Mind Tricks in 2014 and Jus Allah left the group for the second time. Stoupe and Paz worked on a new album called The Thief and the Fallen, which was released on June 2, 2015. Stoupe's only full-length solo album Decalogue was released on March 31, 2009 under Babygrande Records. It featured a mixture of underground and popular rappers (for instance M.O.P.) performing over Stoupe's productions. In 2010, Baldwin and long-time associate Liz Fullerton formed a duo together called Dutch and they released their first album \"A Bright Cold Day\" on June 8 under Enemy Soil. Fullerton had previously contributed vocals to Jedi Mind Tricks' song Death Messiah.", "After OuterSpace moved with Jedi Mind Tricks over to Babygrande Records, they went on to release their debut studio album Blood and Ashes, in July 2004. The Album features collaborations by Jedi Mind Tricks member Vinnie Paz, Immortal Technique, Sadat X from Brand Nubian and fellow A.O.T.P. members 7L & Esoteric, Celph Titled, Des Devious & King Syze. In 2005, it was announced that Army of the Pharaohs were working on their debut studio album. OuterSpace members were due to be on the album. On March 21, 2006 \"The Torture Papers\" was released on Babygrande Records. Artists including Crypt the Warchilds brother; King Syze, Jedi Mind Tricks frontman; Vinnie Paz, JuJu Mob members; Chief Kamachi & Reef the Lost Cauze, The Demigodz members; Apathy and Celph Titled and other artists including 7L & Esoteric, Des Devious & Faez One were also on the album. An Army of the Pharaohs collaboration album was rumoured to be in the works for years, but was often delayed due to separate projects and internal problems, however a mixtape titled \"The Bonus Papers\" was released shortly after the release of the album because it was thought some songs didn't fit the artistic design of the album while others were known to have been extremely political and were possibly held back to reduce controversy. Another mixtape titled \"After Torture There's Pain\" was released early in 2007. In 2006, OuterSpace released their second studio album \"Blood Brothers\", it was released on September 5, 2006, by Babygrande Records. The album features guest appearances from Vinnie Paz of Jedi Mind Tricks, Sheek Louch and Royce da 5'9\". The album's lead single is \"Street Massacre\" b/w \"U Don't Like Me\"."], "answer": {"text": "Jedi Mind Tricks released its most recent album titled Violence Begets Violence in 2011.", "answer_start": 1545}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "did Vinnie Paz release an album?", "answer": {"text": "They released their first EP in 1996 called Amber Probe", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1dfaab0180cd4664a5323f4f989cc2aa_0_q#2", "question": "where there people who were critical of his albums?", "rewrite": "were there people who were critical of Jedi Mind Tricks albums?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Army of the Pharaohs  Army of the Pharaohs (most commonly abbreviated as AOTP or A.O.T.P.) is an American underground hip hop collective originating from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, formed by Jedi Mind Tricks MC Vinnie Paz in 1998. The collective has strong links to other underground east coast groups such as OuterSpace, Snowgoons, La Coka Nostra, Demigodz, 7L & Esoteric, and JuJu Mob. It has changed several times since its formation. Paz formed the outfit in the late 1990s with the original roster of Bahamadia, Chief Kamachi, Virtuoso, 7L & Esoteric, plus Jedi Mind Tricks' other member Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind. The group first released the \"Five Perfect Exertions\" and \"War Ensemble\" 12\" on Paz's short-lived Recordings in 1998, but then the underground supergroup remained silent for several years. After a couple of successful Jedi Mind Tricks albums and a new deal with Babygrande by 2003, Paz resurrected the crew, adding OuterSpace, Celph Titled, Reef the Lost Cauze, King Syze, Des Devious, and Apathy; however, Stoupe, Bahamadia, and Virtuoso had defected from the group. Babygrande issued their \"Tear It Down\" 12\" and first album, \"The Torture Papers\", in 2006. The 2007 follow-up album, Ritual of Battle, saw Jus Allah and JMT prot\u00e9g\u00e9s Doap Nixon and Demoz joining the Pharaohs. \"The Unholy Terror\" was released on March 30, 2010. This album marked the return of Apathy and the addition of two new AOTP members, Block McCloud and Journalist. Two songs, \"Godzilla\" and \"Contra Mantra\", were released before the album.", "Jus Allah, Doap Nixon and Demoz were added to the AotP roster in 2007, and contributed verses to the group's second studio album \"Ritual of Battle\", which was released on September 25, 2007. Also, in summer 2008, Jedi Mind Tricks' Label, Babygrande, released a JMT DVD. \" With a 12+ year career under their belt and a continually growing rabid fan base, the history of Jedi Mind Tricks has never been officially documented\u2026until summer 2008, \u201cDivine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks DVD,\u201d promises an insightful excursion into the roots of an underground empire. \" This is from Babygrande's Newsletter. In an interview conducted in September 2007 on the Art of Rhyme website, Jus Allah announced that he has rejoined Jedi Mind Tricks. In the interview he states that \"I'm back in the group [and that] I'm focused on... putting out the next Jedi Mind Tricks album... a History of Violence.\" \"A History of Violence\" was released on November 11, 2008. This album would be the last JMT album released on Babygrande Records. After a long time dispute with Babygrande Records, JMT decided to part ways and form their own record label entitled Enemy Soil. Enemy Soil features artists such as JMT, Reef the Lost Cauze, Dutch (the side group of Stoupe The Enemy Of Mankind), and Army of the Pharaohs. Vinnie Paz released his first solo album \"Season of the Assassin\" on June 22, 2010. Jus Allah is in the works of releasing his second solo album entitled MMA (Meanest Man Alive). Stoupe released the album for his group, Dutch, (which features Liz Fullerton on vocals) entitled \"A Bright Cold Day\" on June 8, 2010.", "Paz got together members of Army of the Pharaohs to release their second album, Ritual of Battle. It was released September 21, 2007 on Babygrande Records. The album's first single was \"Bloody Tears\", featuring Planetary, Doap Nixon, Demoz, Vinnie Paz and was produced by DJ Kwestion. The song was based on the Castlevania tune of the same name. On November 11, 2008, Jedi Mind Tricks released their sixth studio album, A History of Violence (album). The album sold 4,451 units in its first week out. Just like most albums, it was released on Babygrande Records. The album followed multiple summer releases from the Jedi Mind Tricks camp, including the group's first DVD, titled Divine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks, and the Vinnie Paz-executive produced projects Jedi Mind Tricks presents Doap Nixon: Sour Diesel, Jedi Mind Tricks presents King Syze: The Labor Union, and Jedi Mind Tricks presents OuterSpace: God's Fury. In 2010, The Unholy Terror was released. It is the third studio album by Army of the Pharaohs. The release date was March 30, 2010, but the album was released early on March 19, 2010 on UGHH.com. It was released through Babygrande Records and through Paz's own Enemy Soil. It was during this time Paz released his debut solo album, Season of the Assassin. Many critics said the album was a step forward for Paz as an artist. \"Not only has he all-but perfected his grimy braggadocio, but he also exhibits unique storytelling abilities that will make critics who dismiss him as just another hardcore rapper bite their tongues clean off.\" said Sean Ryon, writer of HipHopDX.", "A History of Violence (album) A History of Violence is the sixth album by Philadelphia hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks, released on November 11, 2008 on Babygrande Records. The album followed multiple summer releases from the Jedi Mind Tricks camp, including the group's first DVD, titled \"Divine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks\", and the Vinnie Paz-executive produced projects \" Jedi Mind Tricks presents Doap Nixon: Sour Diesel\", \"Jedi Mind Tricks presents King Syze: The Labor Union\", and \"Jedi Mind Tricks presents OuterSpace: God's Fury\". The album's first single \"Monolith\" was released on October 2, 2008 and is available free at Babygrande's official website. Their second single \"Godflesh\" was released on their website and it featured King Magnetic and Block McCloud too. The album features former Jedi Mind Tricks member Jus Allah's return to the group. The album sold 4,451 units in its first week out. All songs are produced by Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind", "Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind Kevin Baldwin, better known by his stage name as Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind, is an American hip hop producer, DJ, and member of the underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks. Stoupe has worked with only a limited number of artists outside of Jedi Mind Tricks, including 7L & Esoteric, Canibus, Virtuoso and Guru of Gang Starr. About.com placed him on its list of the \"Top 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Producers\". After years as a duo and then a trio, Baldwin left Jedi Mind Tricks in 2011 and \"Violence Begets Violence\" would be their only album to not feature Stoupe production. Vinnie Paz stated in a blog on the JMT website that Stoupe had lacked interest in the group and decided to focus on other things in his career, such as his side groups, and that Stoupe would not be producing any of the tracks on the new JMT album. However, Stoupe returned to Jedi Mind Tricks in 2014 and Jus Allah left the group for the second time. Stoupe and Paz worked on a new album called The Thief and the Fallen, which was released on June 2, 2015. Stoupe's only full-length solo album Decalogue was released on March 31, 2009 under Babygrande Records. It featured a mixture of underground and popular rappers (for instance M.O.P.) performing over Stoupe's productions. In 2010, Baldwin and long-time associate Liz Fullerton formed a duo together called Dutch and they released their first album \"A Bright Cold Day\" on June 8 under Enemy Soil. Fullerton had previously contributed vocals to Jedi Mind Tricks' song Death Messiah."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "did Vinnie Paz release an album?", "answer": {"text": "They released their first EP in 1996 called Amber Probe", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his third studio album released?", "answer": {"text": "Jedi Mind Tricks released its most recent album titled Violence Begets Violence in 2011.", "answer_start": 1545, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1dfaab0180cd4664a5323f4f989cc2aa_0_q#3", "question": "what album was released june 2010", "rewrite": "what album was released june 2010 by Jedi Mind Tricks?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind Kevin Baldwin, better known by his stage name as Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind, is an American hip hop producer, DJ, and member of the underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks. Stoupe has worked with only a limited number of artists outside of Jedi Mind Tricks, including 7L & Esoteric, Canibus, Virtuoso and Guru of Gang Starr. About.com placed him on its list of the \"Top 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Producers\". After years as a duo and then a trio, Baldwin left Jedi Mind Tricks in 2011 and \"Violence Begets Violence\" would be their only album to not feature Stoupe production. Vinnie Paz stated in a blog on the JMT website that Stoupe had lacked interest in the group and decided to focus on other things in his career, such as his side groups, and that Stoupe would not be producing any of the tracks on the new JMT album. However, Stoupe returned to Jedi Mind Tricks in 2014 and Jus Allah left the group for the second time. Stoupe and Paz worked on a new album called The Thief and the Fallen, which was released on June 2, 2015. Stoupe's only full-length solo album Decalogue was released on March 31, 2009 under Babygrande Records. It featured a mixture of underground and popular rappers (for instance M.O.P.) performing over Stoupe's productions. In 2010, Baldwin and long-time associate Liz Fullerton formed a duo together called Dutch and they released their first album \"A Bright Cold Day\" on June 8 under Enemy Soil. Fullerton had previously contributed vocals to Jedi Mind Tricks' song Death Messiah.", "Jus Allah, Doap Nixon and Demoz were added to the AotP roster in 2007, and contributed verses to the group's second studio album \"Ritual of Battle\", which was released on September 25, 2007. Also, in summer 2008, Jedi Mind Tricks' Label, Babygrande, released a JMT DVD. \" With a 12+ year career under their belt and a continually growing rabid fan base, the history of Jedi Mind Tricks has never been officially documented\u2026until summer 2008, \u201cDivine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks DVD,\u201d promises an insightful excursion into the roots of an underground empire. \" This is from Babygrande's Newsletter. In an interview conducted in September 2007 on the Art of Rhyme website, Jus Allah announced that he has rejoined Jedi Mind Tricks. In the interview he states that \"I'm back in the group [and that] I'm focused on... putting out the next Jedi Mind Tricks album... a History of Violence.\" \"A History of Violence\" was released on November 11, 2008. This album would be the last JMT album released on Babygrande Records. After a long time dispute with Babygrande Records, JMT decided to part ways and form their own record label entitled Enemy Soil. Enemy Soil features artists such as JMT, Reef the Lost Cauze, Dutch (the side group of Stoupe The Enemy Of Mankind), and Army of the Pharaohs. Vinnie Paz released his first solo album \"Season of the Assassin\" on June 22, 2010. Jus Allah is in the works of releasing his second solo album entitled MMA (Meanest Man Alive). Stoupe released the album for his group, Dutch, (which features Liz Fullerton on vocals) entitled \"A Bright Cold Day\" on June 8, 2010.", "Paz got together members of Army of the Pharaohs to release their second album, Ritual of Battle. It was released September 21, 2007 on Babygrande Records. The album's first single was \"Bloody Tears\", featuring Planetary, Doap Nixon, Demoz, Vinnie Paz and was produced by DJ Kwestion. The song was based on the Castlevania tune of the same name. On November 11, 2008, Jedi Mind Tricks released their sixth studio album, A History of Violence (album). The album sold 4,451 units in its first week out. Just like most albums, it was released on Babygrande Records. The album followed multiple summer releases from the Jedi Mind Tricks camp, including the group's first DVD, titled Divine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks, and the Vinnie Paz-executive produced projects Jedi Mind Tricks presents Doap Nixon: Sour Diesel, Jedi Mind Tricks presents King Syze: The Labor Union, and Jedi Mind Tricks presents OuterSpace: God's Fury. In 2010, The Unholy Terror was released. It is the third studio album by Army of the Pharaohs. The release date was March 30, 2010, but the album was released early on March 19, 2010 on UGHH.com. It was released through Babygrande Records and through Paz's own Enemy Soil. It was during this time Paz released his debut solo album, Season of the Assassin. Many critics said the album was a step forward for Paz as an artist. \"Not only has he all-but perfected his grimy braggadocio, but he also exhibits unique storytelling abilities that will make critics who dismiss him as just another hardcore rapper bite their tongues clean off.\" said Sean Ryon, writer of HipHopDX.", "After OuterSpace moved with Jedi Mind Tricks over to Babygrande Records, they went on to release their debut studio album Blood and Ashes, in July 2004. The Album features collaborations by Jedi Mind Tricks member Vinnie Paz, Immortal Technique, Sadat X from Brand Nubian and fellow A.O.T.P. members 7L & Esoteric, Celph Titled, Des Devious & King Syze. In 2005, it was announced that Army of the Pharaohs were working on their debut studio album. OuterSpace members were due to be on the album. On March 21, 2006 \"The Torture Papers\" was released on Babygrande Records. Artists including Crypt the Warchilds brother; King Syze, Jedi Mind Tricks frontman; Vinnie Paz, JuJu Mob members; Chief Kamachi & Reef the Lost Cauze, The Demigodz members; Apathy and Celph Titled and other artists including 7L & Esoteric, Des Devious & Faez One were also on the album. An Army of the Pharaohs collaboration album was rumoured to be in the works for years, but was often delayed due to separate projects and internal problems, however a mixtape titled \"The Bonus Papers\" was released shortly after the release of the album because it was thought some songs didn't fit the artistic design of the album while others were known to have been extremely political and were possibly held back to reduce controversy. Another mixtape titled \"After Torture There's Pain\" was released early in 2007. In 2006, OuterSpace released their second studio album \"Blood Brothers\", it was released on September 5, 2006, by Babygrande Records. The album features guest appearances from Vinnie Paz of Jedi Mind Tricks, Sheek Louch and Royce da 5'9\". The album's lead single is \"Street Massacre\" b/w \"U Don't Like Me\".", "A History of Violence (album) A History of Violence is the sixth album by Philadelphia hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks, released on November 11, 2008 on Babygrande Records. The album followed multiple summer releases from the Jedi Mind Tricks camp, including the group's first DVD, titled \"Divine Fire: The Story of Jedi Mind Tricks\", and the Vinnie Paz-executive produced projects \" Jedi Mind Tricks presents Doap Nixon: Sour Diesel\", \"Jedi Mind Tricks presents King Syze: The Labor Union\", and \"Jedi Mind Tricks presents OuterSpace: God's Fury\". The album's first single \"Monolith\" was released on October 2, 2008 and is available free at Babygrande's official website. Their second single \"Godflesh\" was released on their website and it featured King Magnetic and Block McCloud too. The album features former Jedi Mind Tricks member Jus Allah's return to the group. The album sold 4,451 units in its first week out. All songs are produced by Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "did Vinnie Paz release an album?", "answer": {"text": "They released their first EP in 1996 called Amber Probe", "answer_start": 146, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his third studio album released?", "answer": {"text": "Jedi Mind Tricks released its most recent album titled Violence Begets Violence in 2011.", "answer_start": 1545, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "where there people who were critical of his albums?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#0", "question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "rewrite": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hold My Hand (Dave Davies song) \"Hold My Hand\" is a song and single recorded and written by Dave Davies, who is best known as the guitarist for the British rock group The Kinks. The song is Davies' fourth single. Like the previous three Dave Davies singles, \"Hold My Hand\" featured Dave Davies' band members from The Kinks providing the backing. It was recorded in 1968 (in and around The Kinks' critically acclaimed LP, \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\".) It was also one of the last tracks that featured The Kinks' longtime bassist, Pete Quaife. Dave Davies said in an interview prior to the song's release, \"[I]f 'Hold My Hand' does click, I'll be free to do my own cabaret act if I want. I would use all new material, except maybe, a couple of the Kinks' hit records, but given a different treatment so that it suited a solo voice. Probably work with a small group. I'd love to have a go at this sort of act, but you know how things get talked about, then flop off. \" The single did indeed flop, receiving scant promotion from PYE and only modest airplay , not helped that the off-shore pirate radio stations had been taken off air by then. After the disappointment of its predecessor, \"Lincoln County\", the Kinks management still thought a Dave Davies solo career was viable. Therefore \"Hold My Hand\" was released in 1969 as a standalone single, backed with \"Creeping Jean\" ( which, although it wasn't released on any Kinks albums, it has been a live favourite of Dave Davies' since he started performing solo in the late '90s.) Hold my Hand.", "Attitude (Kinks song) \"Attitude\" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks, released on their album, \"Low Budget\". It was written by Ray Davies. \"Attitude\" was a late addition to the \"Low Budget\" album, as it was not featured in early running orders of the album (songs such as \"Destroyer\", \"Massive Reductions\", and \"Give the People What They Want\" were used instead in early versions.) \"Attitude\" was first released on the \"Low Budget\" album in 1979 as the opening track of said LP. The next year, a live version of the track appeared on the \"One for the Road\" album. This version would appear afterwards as the B-side of the live \"You Really Got Me\" single that same year. The song has also appeared on compilation albums such as \"The Kinks Greatest 1970-1986\" and \"Picture Book\". \"Attitude\" was called \"possibly [The Kinks'] best hard rocker of the era\" by \"AllMusic\" critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, who also referred to the song as a highlight from \"Low Budget\". Richard Gilliam (also of \"AllMusic\") said, \"Favorably reminiscent of the best songs of their British Invasion days, 'Attitude' is a straight-forward, hard-rock effort, laced, of course, with front man Ray Davies\u2019s energetically satirical vocals. The lead track on their 1979 Low Budget album, the song mocks the superficiality of the emerging image-obsessed 1980s. There\u2019s a welcome maturity to the effort \u2013 as if Davies is more than willing to adopt the motifs of the era to enhance the substance of his message. Sociological considerations aside, this is a solidly good song musically, and one of the Kinks best mid-career hard-rock efforts.\"", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "Kink (materials science) Kinks are deviations of a dislocation defect along its glide plane. In edge dislocations, the constant glide plane allows short regions of the dislocation to turn, converting into screw dislocations and producing kinks. Screw dislocations have rotatable glide planes, thus kinks that are generated along screw dislocations act as an anchor for the glide plane. Kinks differ from jogs in that kinks are strictly parallel to the glide plane, while jogs shift away from the glide plane. Pure-edge and screw dislocations are conceptually straight in order to minimize its length, and through it, the strain energy of the system. Low-angle mixed dislocations, on the other hand, can be thought of as primarily edge dislocation with screw kinks in a stair-case structure (or vice versa), switching between straight pure-edge and pure-screw dislocation segments. In reality, kinks are not sharp transitions. Both the total length of the dislocation and the kink angle are dependent on the free energy of the system. The primary dislocation regions lie in Peierls-Nabarro potential minima, while the kink requires addition energy in the form of an energy peak. To minimize free energy, the kink equilibrates at a certain length and angle. Large energy peaks create short but sharp kinks in order to minimize dislocation length within the high energy region, while small energy peaks create long and drawn-out kinks in order to minimize total dislocation length. Kinks facilitate the movement of dislocations along its glide plane under shear stress, and is directly responsible for plastic deformation of crystals.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\"."], "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#1", "question": "what was there legacy?", "rewrite": "what was The Kinks legacy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kink (materials science) Kinks are deviations of a dislocation defect along its glide plane. In edge dislocations, the constant glide plane allows short regions of the dislocation to turn, converting into screw dislocations and producing kinks. Screw dislocations have rotatable glide planes, thus kinks that are generated along screw dislocations act as an anchor for the glide plane. Kinks differ from jogs in that kinks are strictly parallel to the glide plane, while jogs shift away from the glide plane. Pure-edge and screw dislocations are conceptually straight in order to minimize its length, and through it, the strain energy of the system. Low-angle mixed dislocations, on the other hand, can be thought of as primarily edge dislocation with screw kinks in a stair-case structure (or vice versa), switching between straight pure-edge and pure-screw dislocation segments. In reality, kinks are not sharp transitions. Both the total length of the dislocation and the kink angle are dependent on the free energy of the system. The primary dislocation regions lie in Peierls-Nabarro potential minima, while the kink requires addition energy in the form of an energy peak. To minimize free energy, the kink equilibrates at a certain length and angle. Large energy peaks create short but sharp kinks in order to minimize dislocation length within the high energy region, while small energy peaks create long and drawn-out kinks in order to minimize total dislocation length. Kinks facilitate the movement of dislocations along its glide plane under shear stress, and is directly responsible for plastic deformation of crystals.", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "Americana (Ray Davies album) Americana is an album by English rock musician Ray Davies, released by Legacy Recordings in April 2017. Like Davies' 2013 book of the same name, it explores his lifelong fascination with the music and culture of the United States, and his experiences of touring and living there. The album features contributions from members of American country rock band the Jayhawks. Although thought of as a quintessentially British songwriter, Ray Davies grew up fascinated by American music and cinema. The Kinks, the band he formed with his brother Dave, were initially heavily influenced by American musical styles, particularly rhythm and blues. When a permit refusal imposed by the American Federation of Musicians effectively banned the Kinks from touring the United States between 1965 and 1969, Davies began to focus his songwriting on more British themes, resulting in albums such as \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\" (1968) and \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\" (1969). Following the lifting of the ban and their return to the US, the Kinks released the country rock-tinged \"Muswell Hillbillies\" (1971), with Davies' writing exploring the influences of American culture on his North London upbringing. Davies' US connections were strengthened when the Kinks successfully reinvented themselves as an arena rock act, extensively touring North America in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He also briefly lived in New York City during that era. Following the Kinks' break-up in the 1990s, Davies settled in New Orleans, where in 2004 he was shot in the leg following an altercation with a mugger. In 2013, he published his memoir \"Americana: The Kinks, the Road and the Perfect Riff\", looking back on these experiences and his complex relationship with America.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\".", "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s. Stephen Thomas Erlewine called The Kinks \"one of the most influential bands of the British Invasion\". They were ranked 65th on Rolling Stone Magazine's \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list. Artists influenced by The Kinks include punk rock groups such as the Ramones, The Clash, and The Jam, heavy metal acts including Van Halen and Britpop groups such as Oasis, Blur and Pulp. Craig Nicholls, singer and guitarist of The Vines, described the Kinks as \"great songwriters, so underrated\". Pete Townshend, guitarist with the Kinks' contemporaries the Who, credited Ray Davies with inventing \"a new kind of poetry and a new kind of language for pop writing that influenced me from the very, very, very beginning.\" Jon Savage wrote that The Kinks were an influence on late 1960s American psychedelic rock groups \"like The Doors, Love and Jefferson Airplane\". Music writers and other musicians have acknowledged the influence of the Kinks on the development of hard rock and heavy metal. Musicologist Joe Harrington stated: \"'You Really Got Me', 'All Day and All of the Night' and 'I Need You' were predecessors of the whole three-chord genre... [T]he Kinks did a lot to help turn rock 'n' roll (Jerry Lee Lewis) into rock (Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, The Stooges).\" Queen guitarist Brian May credited the band with planting \"the seed which grew into riff-based music.\" A musical, Sunny Afternoon, based on the early life of Ray Davies and the formation of the Kinks, opened at the Hampstead Theatre in April 2014."], "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides The Kinks legacy?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["She's Got Everything (Kinks song) \"She's Got Everything\" is a song written by Ray Davies and released by the Kinks. It first appeared as the B-side of the Kinks' 1968 single, \"Days\". The track was covered by the Romantics on their self-titled debut album. \"She's Got Everything\" was recorded in February 1966 (with possible overdubs on the song done in 1968) during the \"Face to Face\" sessions.<ref name=\"33 and 1/3\"></ref> However, the song was not used for that album (nor its follow-up, \"Something Else by The Kinks\"), and was left unreleased. However, two years later in 1968, The Kinks were forced to rush-release another single, \"Days\" (originally intended to be an album track on \" The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\"), after their previous single, \"Wonderboy\", under-performed. \"She's Got Everything\" was then salvaged from their previously unreleased tracks to be used as the B-side. The track was also to be the opening track of the unreleased \"Four More Respected Gentlemen\" U.S. album. In his 33 and 1/3 book, Andy Miller states: \" Ray Davies' [sic] decision to release it when and how he did is interesting. In the summer of 1968, despite having many more recent Kinks tracks to choose from, he selected a song that, even when it was recorded, must have sounded old-fashioned. The track listing for \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\" was still in flux, and it is clear that Davies did not want to waste any potential candidates for the finished album as b-sides.\"", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\".", "Kink (materials science) Kinks are deviations of a dislocation defect along its glide plane. In edge dislocations, the constant glide plane allows short regions of the dislocation to turn, converting into screw dislocations and producing kinks. Screw dislocations have rotatable glide planes, thus kinks that are generated along screw dislocations act as an anchor for the glide plane. Kinks differ from jogs in that kinks are strictly parallel to the glide plane, while jogs shift away from the glide plane. Pure-edge and screw dislocations are conceptually straight in order to minimize its length, and through it, the strain energy of the system. Low-angle mixed dislocations, on the other hand, can be thought of as primarily edge dislocation with screw kinks in a stair-case structure (or vice versa), switching between straight pure-edge and pure-screw dislocation segments. In reality, kinks are not sharp transitions. Both the total length of the dislocation and the kink angle are dependent on the free energy of the system. The primary dislocation regions lie in Peierls-Nabarro potential minima, while the kink requires addition energy in the form of an energy peak. To minimize free energy, the kink equilibrates at a certain length and angle. Large energy peaks create short but sharp kinks in order to minimize dislocation length within the high energy region, while small energy peaks create long and drawn-out kinks in order to minimize total dislocation length. Kinks facilitate the movement of dislocations along its glide plane under shear stress, and is directly responsible for plastic deformation of crystals.", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "Out of this combination, and with the Cole brothers' focus on original songwriting came 'Quill', which was then signed as a group to Amphion Management. The band spent 1967, 1968 and 1969 regularly playing rock venues in Boston, Providence, and New York, as well as many other smaller markets around the Northeast. Though Quill rarely played outside of their region, the show made it as far west as Aspen, Colorado. Though most often headlining in smaller clubs, where Quill gained a very loyal following, the group also played in a number of much larger venues, opening for such international acts as The Jeff Beck Group, The Who, The Kinks, Deep Purple, Buddy Guy, Blue Cheer, Sly and the Family Stone, Grateful Dead, and Janis Joplin. It even opened for comedian Steve Martin in one of the interesting pairings in Quill lore. In addition. Quill was featured on several local TV shows in Boston and the Midwest, and was highlighted by the music press on numerous occasions for its originality and creativity. An early summer '69 appearance at Steve Paul's Scene in New York City resulted in Quill being invited to play at the Woodstock Festival. That night at the club also featured the first introduction of Johnny Winter to the NYC record industry crowd. The night ended finding Jimi Hendrix and Stephen Stills joining Johnny and members of Quill for a late jam. Aside from the basic roles of each member of the band, one of the interesting aspects of the band was its ability to mount a variety of instrumental and vocal configurations to play specific songs. Considered by many to be among the best technical and most creative rock drummers of that era, Roger North anchored the band on the drums and percussion. The other members of the band would often switch instruments to create different sounds and effects."], "answer": {"text": "In 2015, it was reported that Julien Temple would direct a biopic of The Kinks titled You Really Got Me,", "answer_start": 125}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was there legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#3", "question": "when did that release?", "rewrite": "when did \"You Really Got Me\" release?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He confirms that his brother Dave played the solo and it was preceded by some bantering between the two:  While Ray Davies had been instructed at the time to write \"Beatle-type\" material for commercial reasons, \"You Really Got Me\" was written as a more R&B-based composition. The song is centred on a guitar riff by Dave Davies, which has since been referred to as \"instantly identifiable.\" American musicologist Robert Walser described \"You Really Got Me\" as \"the first hit song built around power chords.\" The song has since been labeled as an early influence of the heavy metal genre, with critic Denise Sullivan of AllMusic writing , You Really Got Me' remains a blueprint song in the hard rock and heavy metal arsenal.\" However, Dave Davies has since rejected the idea that the song is heavy metal, saying \"I've never really like that term, heavy metal. I think, in all humility, it was the first heavy guitar riff rock record. Just because of the sound\u2014if you played it on a ukulele, it might not have been so powerful.\" The lyrics of the song are about lust and sex. Dave Davies said of the song's lyrics, You Really Got Me' [is] such a pure record, really. It's a love song for street kids. They're not going to wine and dine you, even if they knew how to chat you up. [They say] ' I want you\u2014come here. \"You Really Got Me\" was released as the band's third single on 4 August 1964, backed with \"It's Alright\". Within three days of the single's release, \"You Really Got Me\" began to appear on local charts. Eventually, the song climbed to the top of the British charts, the band's first single to do so.", "In December 2015, Ray Davies joined brother Dave onstage at one of his concerts to perform \"You Really Got Me\". The event marked the first time the brothers performed on stage together in nearly twenty years, sparking rumors of a possible Kinks reunion. The American hard rock band Van Halen released a cover of \"You Really Got Me\" for their 1978 debut album, \"Van Halen\". As the band's first single, it was a popular radio hit which helped jump-start the band's career, as it had done for the Kinks 14 years earlier. This version, which was cited by Eddie Van Halen as an \"updated\" version of the original, featured \"histrionic\" guitar playing by Eddie Van Halen and \"vocal shenanigans\" by David Lee Roth. The song had been played by the band live for years before its studio release. On the radio, it is often featured with \"Eruption\", the instrumental that precedes it on the album, as an intro. The song was released as a single as a result of an encounter between Eddie Van Halen and members of the band Angel. Eddie Van Halen and Angel drummer Barry Brandt had both been bragging about their new material to one another, resulting in Eddie Van Halen showing a demo of \"You Really Got Me\" to Brandt. On the following day, the band's producer, Ted Templeman told Van Halen that Angel was recording their own cover of \"You Really Got Me\" to release before Van Halen's version. As a result, the song was rush-released as a single before Angel could do so. Eddie Van Halen has since expressed dissatisfaction with the use of \"You Really Got Me\" as the band's debut single.", "The Kinks' use of distorted guitar riffs continued with songs like \"All Day and All of the Night\", \"Tired of Waiting for You\", and \"Set Me Free\", among others. Pete Townshend of the Who, a band also produced by Talmy at that time, has stated that their first single, \"I Can't Explain\", was influenced by the Kinks' work at the time. Other artists influenced by \"You Really Got Me\" include Tom Petty, John Lydon, Chris Bell of Big Star, and Jimi Hendrix, who, according to Dave Davies, described the song as \"a landmark record\". In 1999, \"You Really Got Me\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. \" Rolling Stone\" magazine placed the song at number 82 on their list of the 500 greatest songs of all time and at number four on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time. In early 2005, the song was voted the best British song of the 1955\u20131965 decade in a BBC radio poll. In March 2005, \"Q\" magazine placed it at number nine in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. In 2009, it was named the 57th Greatest Hard Rock Song by VH1. Prior to its release, the Kinks performed \"You Really Got Me\" in some of their early concerts. It was a crowd favourite, with Ray Davies later claiming to feel a connection with the crowd as he performed the song. Ray later said, \"Our success came from playing [the song] live. When we played 'You Really Got Me' people actually took notice. They realised we had something original.\" The Kinks continued to perform successfully for over 30 years through many musical styles, but \"You Really Got Me\" remained a mainstay in concert.", "During some shows, the song was played in a medley with its follow-up single \"All Day and All of the Night,\" while in 1977, a performance on \"Saturday Night Live\" featured a four song medley of \"You Really Got Me\", \"All Day and All of the Night\", \"A Well Respected Man\", and \"Lola\". In a live performance on the \"Don Lane Show\" in 1982, \"You Really Got Me\" was featured in a medley with the band's 1981 song, \"Destroyer.\" In 1984, Dave Davies claimed that, even after twenty years of performing \"You Really Got Me,\" the track was \"still fun to play live.\" A live version of \"You Really Got Me\" was released on the band's 1980 live album, \"One for the Road\". This version, following the minor success of the same album's live version of \"Lola\", was released as a single in America, backed with the live take of \"Low Budget's\" \"Attitude\". However, the single failed to chart. This version was later included on the 1986 compilation album, \"Come Dancing with the Kinks: The Best of the Kinks 1977\u20131986\". Other live renditions of \"You Really Got Me\" have also been released. A version on \"Live at Kelvin Hall\" recorded at Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland was released in 1967, while a performance at the Mann Music Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania appeared on 1994's \"To the Bone\". The Davies brothers also performed a live version in Boston, Massachusetts with the Smithereens in November 1991, which later appeared on the latter band's 1995 compilation album \"Attack of the Smithereens\". Both Ray and Dave Davies still perform the song in solo shows, generally as a closing number.", "You Really Got Me \"You Really Got Me\" is a song written by Ray Davies for English rock band the Kinks. The song, originally performed in a more blues-oriented style, was inspired by artists such as Lead Belly and Big Bill Broonzy. Two versions of the song were recorded, with the second performance being used for the final single. Although it was rumoured that future Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page had performed the song's guitar solo, the myth has since been proven false. \"You Really Got Me\" was built around power chords (perfect fifths and octaves) and heavily influenced later rock musicians, particularly in the genres of heavy metal and punk rock. Built around a guitar riff played by Dave Davies, the song's lyrics were described by Dave as \"a love song for street kids.\" \"You Really Got Me\" was released on 4 August 1964 as the group's third single, and reached number one on the UK singles chart the next month, remaining for two weeks. The song became the group's breakthrough hit; it established them as one of the top British Invasion acts in the United States, reaching number seven there later in the year. \"You Really Got Me\" was later included on the Kinks' debut album, \"Kinks\". American rock band Van Halen adapted the song for their 1978 self-titled debut album; it was released as their first single and peaked at 36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"You Really Got Me\" was written by Ray Davies, the Kinks' vocalist and main songwriter, sometime between 9 and 12 March 1964. Created on the piano in the front room of the Davies' home, the song was stylistically very different from the finished product, being much lighter and somewhat jazz-oriented."], "answer": {"text": "2015,", "answer_start": 128}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was there legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, it was reported that Julien Temple would direct a biopic of The Kinks titled You Really Got Me,", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#4", "question": "How did it chart?", "rewrite": "How did \"You Really Got Me\" chart?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In December 2015, Ray Davies joined brother Dave onstage at one of his concerts to perform \"You Really Got Me\". The event marked the first time the brothers performed on stage together in nearly twenty years, sparking rumors of a possible Kinks reunion. The American hard rock band Van Halen released a cover of \"You Really Got Me\" for their 1978 debut album, \"Van Halen\". As the band's first single, it was a popular radio hit which helped jump-start the band's career, as it had done for the Kinks 14 years earlier. This version, which was cited by Eddie Van Halen as an \"updated\" version of the original, featured \"histrionic\" guitar playing by Eddie Van Halen and \"vocal shenanigans\" by David Lee Roth. The song had been played by the band live for years before its studio release. On the radio, it is often featured with \"Eruption\", the instrumental that precedes it on the album, as an intro. The song was released as a single as a result of an encounter between Eddie Van Halen and members of the band Angel. Eddie Van Halen and Angel drummer Barry Brandt had both been bragging about their new material to one another, resulting in Eddie Van Halen showing a demo of \"You Really Got Me\" to Brandt. On the following day, the band's producer, Ted Templeman told Van Halen that Angel was recording their own cover of \"You Really Got Me\" to release before Van Halen's version. As a result, the song was rush-released as a single before Angel could do so. Eddie Van Halen has since expressed dissatisfaction with the use of \"You Really Got Me\" as the band's debut single.", "He confirms that his brother Dave played the solo and it was preceded by some bantering between the two:  While Ray Davies had been instructed at the time to write \"Beatle-type\" material for commercial reasons, \"You Really Got Me\" was written as a more R&B-based composition. The song is centred on a guitar riff by Dave Davies, which has since been referred to as \"instantly identifiable.\" American musicologist Robert Walser described \"You Really Got Me\" as \"the first hit song built around power chords.\" The song has since been labeled as an early influence of the heavy metal genre, with critic Denise Sullivan of AllMusic writing , You Really Got Me' remains a blueprint song in the hard rock and heavy metal arsenal.\" However, Dave Davies has since rejected the idea that the song is heavy metal, saying \"I've never really like that term, heavy metal. I think, in all humility, it was the first heavy guitar riff rock record. Just because of the sound\u2014if you played it on a ukulele, it might not have been so powerful.\" The lyrics of the song are about lust and sex. Dave Davies said of the song's lyrics, You Really Got Me' [is] such a pure record, really. It's a love song for street kids. They're not going to wine and dine you, even if they knew how to chat you up. [They say] ' I want you\u2014come here. \"You Really Got Me\" was released as the band's third single on 4 August 1964, backed with \"It's Alright\". Within three days of the single's release, \"You Really Got Me\" began to appear on local charts. Eventually, the song climbed to the top of the British charts, the band's first single to do so.", "The Kinks' use of distorted guitar riffs continued with songs like \"All Day and All of the Night\", \"Tired of Waiting for You\", and \"Set Me Free\", among others. Pete Townshend of the Who, a band also produced by Talmy at that time, has stated that their first single, \"I Can't Explain\", was influenced by the Kinks' work at the time. Other artists influenced by \"You Really Got Me\" include Tom Petty, John Lydon, Chris Bell of Big Star, and Jimi Hendrix, who, according to Dave Davies, described the song as \"a landmark record\". In 1999, \"You Really Got Me\" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. \" Rolling Stone\" magazine placed the song at number 82 on their list of the 500 greatest songs of all time and at number four on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time. In early 2005, the song was voted the best British song of the 1955\u20131965 decade in a BBC radio poll. In March 2005, \"Q\" magazine placed it at number nine in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. In 2009, it was named the 57th Greatest Hard Rock Song by VH1. Prior to its release, the Kinks performed \"You Really Got Me\" in some of their early concerts. It was a crowd favourite, with Ray Davies later claiming to feel a connection with the crowd as he performed the song. Ray later said, \"Our success came from playing [the song] live. When we played 'You Really Got Me' people actually took notice. They realised we had something original.\" The Kinks continued to perform successfully for over 30 years through many musical styles, but \"You Really Got Me\" remained a mainstay in concert.", "During some shows, the song was played in a medley with its follow-up single \"All Day and All of the Night,\" while in 1977, a performance on \"Saturday Night Live\" featured a four song medley of \"You Really Got Me\", \"All Day and All of the Night\", \"A Well Respected Man\", and \"Lola\". In a live performance on the \"Don Lane Show\" in 1982, \"You Really Got Me\" was featured in a medley with the band's 1981 song, \"Destroyer.\" In 1984, Dave Davies claimed that, even after twenty years of performing \"You Really Got Me,\" the track was \"still fun to play live.\" A live version of \"You Really Got Me\" was released on the band's 1980 live album, \"One for the Road\". This version, following the minor success of the same album's live version of \"Lola\", was released as a single in America, backed with the live take of \"Low Budget's\" \"Attitude\". However, the single failed to chart. This version was later included on the 1986 compilation album, \"Come Dancing with the Kinks: The Best of the Kinks 1977\u20131986\". Other live renditions of \"You Really Got Me\" have also been released. A version on \"Live at Kelvin Hall\" recorded at Kelvin Hall in Glasgow, Scotland was released in 1967, while a performance at the Mann Music Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania appeared on 1994's \"To the Bone\". The Davies brothers also performed a live version in Boston, Massachusetts with the Smithereens in November 1991, which later appeared on the latter band's 1995 compilation album \"Attack of the Smithereens\". Both Ray and Dave Davies still perform the song in solo shows, generally as a closing number.", "You Really Got Me \"You Really Got Me\" is a song written by Ray Davies for English rock band the Kinks. The song, originally performed in a more blues-oriented style, was inspired by artists such as Lead Belly and Big Bill Broonzy. Two versions of the song were recorded, with the second performance being used for the final single. Although it was rumoured that future Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page had performed the song's guitar solo, the myth has since been proven false. \"You Really Got Me\" was built around power chords (perfect fifths and octaves) and heavily influenced later rock musicians, particularly in the genres of heavy metal and punk rock. Built around a guitar riff played by Dave Davies, the song's lyrics were described by Dave as \"a love song for street kids.\" \"You Really Got Me\" was released on 4 August 1964 as the group's third single, and reached number one on the UK singles chart the next month, remaining for two weeks. The song became the group's breakthrough hit; it established them as one of the top British Invasion acts in the United States, reaching number seven there later in the year. \"You Really Got Me\" was later included on the Kinks' debut album, \"Kinks\". American rock band Van Halen adapted the song for their 1978 self-titled debut album; it was released as their first single and peaked at 36 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"You Really Got Me\" was written by Ray Davies, the Kinks' vocalist and main songwriter, sometime between 9 and 12 March 1964. Created on the piano in the front room of the Davies' home, the song was stylistically very different from the finished product, being much lighter and somewhat jazz-oriented."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was there legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, it was reported that Julien Temple would direct a biopic of The Kinks titled You Really Got Me,", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did that release?", "answer": {"text": "2015,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#5", "question": "Were they ever criticized?", "rewrite": "Were The Kinks ever criticized?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Andrey Nutrikhin Andrey Nutrikhin (born 20 August 1973) is a Russian cross-country skier. He competed in the men's 50 kilometre freestyle event at the 1998 Winter Olympics.", "Despite this, he misses the village green, saying that he misses the \"church, the clock, the steeple\" and \"the morning dew, fresh air and Sunday school.\" However, since he left, the town became a novelty and a tourist attraction, with Americans saying things like \" 'Gawd darn it, Isn't it a pretty scene?' \" Daisy has married Tom, a former grocer boy, now owner of a grocery. Now, the man wishes to come back to the village green, and hopes to talk to Daisy once again. \"Village Green\" is most notable for appearing on \" The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\", but it made several other appearances. In fact, the track did receive a release prior to this album, as it was used in the French LP for \"Mister Pleasant\". Also, it was released as a single in Japan, with \"Animal Farm (the track that preceded \"Village Green\" on \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\") as its B-side. It also appeared on the compilation album \"Picture Book\", and an alternate version with an alternate orchestral overdub appeared 2004 Sanctuary Records special deluxe edition of \" The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\". There is no record of The Kinks ever performing the song live in the 1960s, however an instrumental version was used as the 'Village Green Overture' for some 1973 shows. Ray Davies has also performed the vocal version of the song on his solo tours.", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "Australia (Kinks song) \"Australia\" is a song by the British rock band The Kinks, appearing on their 1969 album, \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\". It was written by the band's main songwriter, Ray Davies. In the song, the character Derek (who is featured in the story line of \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\") attempts to convince his father, Arthur, of the great opportunities available in Australia, where there's \"no drug addiction\" and you can \"surf like they do in the U.S.A.\" Derek's advertisement is compared to John Smith, who campaigned for America in a similar manner, by author Thomas Kitts. The song also features a jam sequence lasting for approximately half the song, which is atypical for The Kinks. This is probably the closest The Kinks ever came to a longer, loose and even slightly \"spacey\" jam on their records. In the Australian single edit, this section is removed by editing an earlier section of the song into another section during a drum beat, which is then followed by a fade-out. \"Australia\" was released in most countries only on \"Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)\", where it was the closing track on side one. In Australia, an abbreviated version of the song was released as a single, with another \"Arthur\" track, \"She's Bought a Hat Like Princess Marina\", on the B-side. The single was commercially unsuccessful.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\"."], "answer": {"text": "The Vines, described the Kinks as \"great songwriters, so underrated\".", "answer_start": 529}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was there legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, it was reported that Julien Temple would direct a biopic of The Kinks titled You Really Got Me,", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did that release?", "answer": {"text": "2015,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did it chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#6", "question": "Did they win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did The Kinks win any awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s. Stephen Thomas Erlewine called The Kinks \"one of the most influential bands of the British Invasion\". They were ranked 65th on Rolling Stone Magazine's \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list. Artists influenced by The Kinks include punk rock groups such as the Ramones, The Clash, and The Jam, heavy metal acts including Van Halen and Britpop groups such as Oasis, Blur and Pulp. Craig Nicholls, singer and guitarist of The Vines, described the Kinks as \"great songwriters, so underrated\". Pete Townshend, guitarist with the Kinks' contemporaries the Who, credited Ray Davies with inventing \"a new kind of poetry and a new kind of language for pop writing that influenced me from the very, very, very beginning.\" Jon Savage wrote that The Kinks were an influence on late 1960s American psychedelic rock groups \"like The Doors, Love and Jefferson Airplane\". Music writers and other musicians have acknowledged the influence of the Kinks on the development of hard rock and heavy metal. Musicologist Joe Harrington stated: \"'You Really Got Me', 'All Day and All of the Night' and 'I Need You' were predecessors of the whole three-chord genre... [T]he Kinks did a lot to help turn rock 'n' roll (Jerry Lee Lewis) into rock (Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, The Stooges).\" Queen guitarist Brian May credited the band with planting \"the seed which grew into riff-based music.\" A musical, Sunny Afternoon, based on the early life of Ray Davies and the formation of the Kinks, opened at the Hampstead Theatre in April 2014.", "Kinks-Size Kinks-Size is the second US-only album by the English band The Kinks, released in 1965. Differences in record company practice between the UK and US in the early 1960s, such as the US tending to issue shorter LPs, featuring less original material and the comparative unpopularity of EPs in the US all left US record companies with extra LPs worth of material (see also The Beatles and The Rolling Stones). In 1965, this meant, as well as versions of the two UK Kinks albums from that year, Reprise issued another two complete LPs - \"Kinks-Size\" and \"Kinkdom\". This was the Kinks' most successful album of the 1960s in the US (discounting \"Greatest Hits!\"), reaching #13. The album takes its name and all four tracks from the UK \"Kinksize Session\" EP, adding two tracks left off the US version of their debut LP (\"I'm a Lover Not a Fighter\" and the instrumental \"Revenge\") and their two recent hit singles (\"All Day and All of the Night\" and \"Tired of Waiting for You\") and respective B-sides (\"I Gotta Move\" and \"Come On Now\"). The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks (album)\" and \"Kinda Kinks\".", "Kink (materials science) Kinks are deviations of a dislocation defect along its glide plane. In edge dislocations, the constant glide plane allows short regions of the dislocation to turn, converting into screw dislocations and producing kinks. Screw dislocations have rotatable glide planes, thus kinks that are generated along screw dislocations act as an anchor for the glide plane. Kinks differ from jogs in that kinks are strictly parallel to the glide plane, while jogs shift away from the glide plane. Pure-edge and screw dislocations are conceptually straight in order to minimize its length, and through it, the strain energy of the system. Low-angle mixed dislocations, on the other hand, can be thought of as primarily edge dislocation with screw kinks in a stair-case structure (or vice versa), switching between straight pure-edge and pure-screw dislocation segments. In reality, kinks are not sharp transitions. Both the total length of the dislocation and the kink angle are dependent on the free energy of the system. The primary dislocation regions lie in Peierls-Nabarro potential minima, while the kink requires addition energy in the form of an energy peak. To minimize free energy, the kink equilibrates at a certain length and angle. Large energy peaks create short but sharp kinks in order to minimize dislocation length within the high energy region, while small energy peaks create long and drawn-out kinks in order to minimize total dislocation length. Kinks facilitate the movement of dislocations along its glide plane under shear stress, and is directly responsible for plastic deformation of crystals.", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht.", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\"."], "answer": {"text": "They were ranked 65th on Rolling Stone Magazine's \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list.", "answer_start": 210}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was there legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, it was reported that Julien Temple would direct a biopic of The Kinks titled You Really Got Me,", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did that release?", "answer": {"text": "2015,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did it chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they ever criticized?", "answer": {"text": "The Vines, described the Kinks as \"great songwriters, so underrated\".", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#7", "question": "What was their top ranked song?", "rewrite": "What was The Kinks top ranked song?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of number-one Billboard Christian Songs of the 2010s The Christian Songs chart is a record chart compiled by \"Billboard\" that measures the top-performing contemporary Christian music songs in the United States. The data was compiled by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems based on the weekly audience impressions of each song played on contemporary Christian radio stations until the end of November 2013. With the \"Billboard\" issue dated December 7, 2013, the Christian Songs chart began utilizing the same methodology used for the Hot 100 chart to compile its rankings; that is, measuring the airplay of Christian songs across all radio formats, while incorporating data from digital sales and streaming activity. In 2010, ten songs by ten artists achieved a No. 1 single, either as a leading artist or featured artist. TobyMac recorded two No. 1s, whilst Amy Grant achieved one as a featured artist with Matthew West. MercyMe's \"All of Creation, Chris Tomlin's \"Our God\", and Sanctus Real's \"Lead Me\" tied for the longest-running No. 1 single of 2010, with all three spending a total of nine weeks atop the chart. \"All of Creation\" was the top ranked song on the year-end chart. In 2011, seventeen songs by thirteen artists achieved a No. 1 single, either as a leading artist or featured artist. MercyMe, Casting Crowns, and Tenth Avenue North recorded two No. 1s each, while Leigh Nash achieved one as a featured artist with tobyMac. MercyMe and Casting Crowns also tied for the longest-running No. 1 single of 2011, with \"Move\" and \"Glorious Day (Living He Loved Me)\" each spending a total of nine weeks atop the chart. Tenth Avenue North's \"You Are More\" was the top-ranked song on the year-end chart.", "Papilio jacksoni Papilio jacksoni, the Jackson's swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Africa. The female adults mimic \"Amauris echeria\" and relatives. The larvae feed on \"Clausena\", \"Toddalia\" and \"Clausena anisata\". \"Male as in ssp. \"echerioides\", but black more sooty, median band narrower, reduced to very well separated spots in forewing,white with faint ochreous tinge. Female as in echerioides, but white apical spot does not touch the margin; white spots in hindwing in both sexes well inside margin.\" (Robert Herbert Carcasson, 1960). \"Papilio jacksoni\" is a member of the \"echerioides\" species group. This clade includes:  It was named for the collector Frederick John Jackson in \"Descriptions of New Butterflies collected by Mr. F. J. Jackson, F.Z.S:, in British East Africa, during his recent Expedition. Part I & II\" \"Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London\" 1891 : 187-194, pl. 16-17, : 633-638, pl. 48.", "Snorri Snorrason Snorri Snorrason (born July 14, 1977 in Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland) is an Icelandic singer who rose to popularity after winning \"Idol Stj\u00f6rnuleit 3\", the Icelandic version of \"Pop Idol\". Snorri compares his vocal style to Axl Rose & includes Robert Plant as his biggest influence, his favourite Icelandic artist is Jet Black Joe. Snorri was a contestant in the Icelandic selection to eurovision song contest but did not make it to the final. Semi Finals: \" Can't Cry Hard Enough\" by The Williams Brothers Top 12: \"Fuzzy\" by Grant Lee Buffalo Top 11: \"The Weight\" by The Band Top 10 : \"Give A Little Bit\" by Supertramp Top 9 : \"You To Me Are Everything\" by The Real Thing Top 8: \"Dagn\u00fd\" by Sigf\u00fas Halld\u00f3rsson Top 7: \"Sunny Afternoon\" by The Kinks Top 6: \" Fly Me To The Moon\" by Frank Sinatra Top 5: \"Sk\u00fdi\u00f0\" by Bj\u00f6rgvin Halld\u00f3rsson Top 4: \"Sweet Child O' Mine\" by Guns N' Roses Top 4: \"Annie's Song\" by John Denver Top 3: \" Wake Me Up When September Ends\" by Green Day Top 3: \"You Raise Me Up\" by Westlife Grand Final: \"Allt Sem \u00c9g \u00c1\" Grand Final: \"Feel\" by Robbie Williams Grand Final: \" He Ain't Heavy , He's My Brother\" by The Hollies", "\"Now And Forever\" was performed in the radio only semi final by Esther Hart and was titled \"Wait For The Moment\". Hart withdrew when she qualified for the Dutch National Final. Her replacement was the group 'United Colours of Sound', who also withdrew before the televised final; being replaced in turn by Simon Chapman. Mimi is better known as Marie Kevan Voting Spokespersons 2004 <br> Saturday, 28 February. BBC Television Centre, London.<br > Hosts: Terry Wogan & Gaby Roslin with Paddy O'Connell on BBC Three< br> With Panellists: Carrie Grant, Harry Hill & Lorraine Kelly<br> Voting: Viewers voted by telephone for their favourite song. The votes were then divided into 7 regions: South West England, Wales, Northern Ireland, English Midlands, South East England, Northern England and Scotland, with 12 points given to the highest scoring song in each region, 8 to the second, 6 to the third, 4 to the fourth, 2 to the fifth and 0 to the lowest ranked song. Votes given by SMS (regardless of location) were separately allocated as a percentage of the vote received and added to the regional scores. 2005 <br> Saturday, 5 March. BBC Television Centre, London.<br > Hosts: Terry Wogan & Natasha Kaplinsky<br> With Panellists: Jonathan Ross, Bruno Tonioli, Paddy O'Connell & Natalie Cassidy<br> Voting: Viewers voted by telephone for their favourite song. The votes were then divided into 8 regions: South West England, South East England, Wales, Northern Ireland, English Midlands, Northern England, Scotland and any votes cast via the Internet (regardless of location), with 12 points given to the highest scoring song in each region, 8 to the second, 6 to the third, 4 to the fourth and 2 to the lowest ranked song.", "Papilio echerioides  Papilio echerioides, the white-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa. The wingspan is 65\u201375 mm. It has two flight periods, first from January to March and second from September to November. The larvae feed on \"Clausena inaequalis\", \"Toddalia lanceolata\", \"Toddalia asiatica\", \"Zanthoxylum capense\", \"Zanthoxylum delagoense\", \"Vepris lanceolata\" and Citrus species. The male is very similar to \"Papilio cynorta\", but the median band, which is very pale yellow, tapers more strongly towards the apex. The pale spot in area (cell) 6 of the forewing is always present (usually absent in \"P. cynorta\"). The female is a mimic of the butterflies \"Amauris echeria\" and \"Amauris albimaculata\". The forewing is black with white spots, the hindwing black with a large pale ochreous discal area and white submarginal spots. \"Papilio echerioides\" is a member of the \"echerioides\" species group. This clade includes:   Listed alphabetically:"], "answer": {"text": "the band's 1966 hit single \"Sunny Afternoon\" and features songs from the band's back catalogue.", "answer_start": 29}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was there legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, it was reported that Julien Temple would direct a biopic of The Kinks titled You Really Got Me,", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did that release?", "answer": {"text": "2015,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did it chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they ever criticized?", "answer": {"text": "The Vines, described the Kinks as \"great songwriters, so underrated\".", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "They were ranked 65th on Rolling Stone Magazine's \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4c927167a8914e768552b9828c71e0d9_0_q#8", "question": "is there any thing else of significance about their legacy?", "rewrite": "is there any thing else of significance about The Kinks legacy besides winning awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Something Else by The Kinks  Something Else by The Kinks, often referred to as just Something Else, is the fifth UK studio album by The Kinks, released in September 1967. It marks the final involvement of American producer Shel Talmy in the Kinks' 1960s studio recordings; henceforth Ray Davies would produce recordings. Many of the recordings feature the keyboard work of Nicky Hopkins and the backing vocals of Ray's wife, Rasa. Two hit singles are included: \"Waterloo Sunset\" and \"Death of a Clown\". The album was ranked No. 288 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. As Ray Davies had assumed control over production after the departure of Shel Talmy, \"Something Else\" marked a change in the sound and production style of the Kinks. He felt unsure of his skill in mixing and recording their records and later commented, \"I feel that I shouldn't have been allowed to produce \"Something Else\". What went into an album required someone whose approach was a little bit more mundane\". Apart from \"End of the Season\", the album was recorded between the autumn of 1966 and the summer of 1967, when the Kinks had cut back on touring and had begun recording and stockpiling songs for Ray's as-yet poorly defined \"village green\" project. The song \"Village Green\" was recorded in November 1966 during the sessions for the album but was released on a French EP in 1967 and did not appear on a Kinks LP until the next release, \" The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\". Ray's lyrics on the album deal with English-inspired subject matter, including the harpsichord-laden \"Two Sisters\", the lazy shuffle \"End of the Season\", and the sardonic \"David Watts\".", "Prathama Ushakirana Prathama Ushakirana (; English: \"The First Morning Ray\") is a 1990 Indian Kannada fiction drama film directed by Suresh Heblikar, written by Ashok Pai and produced under Manasa Arts. Besides Heblikar in the lead, the film features Geetha, Girish Karnad, Pramila Joshai and Vanitha Vasu in the pivotal roles. The film's music was composed by Vijaya Bhaskar and the cinematography was by P. Rajan. The film dealt with child psychiatry as the main theme and met with critical appraise and went on to win several awards at the Karnataka State Film Awards 1989-90 and the 38th Filmfare Awards South. Besides winning awards, the film was screened at various international film festivals. The soundtrack and score for the film was composed by Vijaya Bhaskar. The film won multiple awards for the year 1990. 1989-90 :  1990:", "She's Got Everything (Kinks song) \"She's Got Everything\" is a song written by Ray Davies and released by the Kinks. It first appeared as the B-side of the Kinks' 1968 single, \"Days\". The track was covered by the Romantics on their self-titled debut album. \"She's Got Everything\" was recorded in February 1966 (with possible overdubs on the song done in 1968) during the \"Face to Face\" sessions.<ref name=\"33 and 1/3\"></ref> However, the song was not used for that album (nor its follow-up, \"Something Else by The Kinks\"), and was left unreleased. However, two years later in 1968, The Kinks were forced to rush-release another single, \"Days\" (originally intended to be an album track on \" The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\"), after their previous single, \"Wonderboy\", under-performed. \"She's Got Everything\" was then salvaged from their previously unreleased tracks to be used as the B-side. The track was also to be the opening track of the unreleased \"Four More Respected Gentlemen\" U.S. album. In his 33 and 1/3 book, Andy Miller states: \" Ray Davies' [sic] decision to release it when and how he did is interesting. In the summer of 1968, despite having many more recent Kinks tracks to choose from, he selected a song that, even when it was recorded, must have sounded old-fashioned. The track listing for \"The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society\" was still in flux, and it is clear that Davies did not want to waste any potential candidates for the finished album as b-sides.\"", "Kinkdom  Kinkdom (sometimes referred to as \"Kinks Kinkdom\") is the third US-only album by the English band the Kinks, released in 1965. As with the \"Kinks-Size\" album, it is made up mainly of songs not released on an equivalent UK LP. The album charted, peaking at number 47. The album takes all four tracks from the UK \"Kwyet Kinks\" EP (including both sides of the recent hit US single \"A Well Respected Man\"), adding \"Naggin' Woman\" (left off the US version of their previous LP, \"Kinda Kinks\"), recent US singles \" Who'll Be the Next in Line\" (its B-side had already been included on the US version of \"Kinda Kinks\") and \"See My Friends\"/\"Never Met a Girl Like You Before\", and B-side \"I Need You\" (A-side \" Set Me Free\" had again already been included on the US \"Kinda Kinks\" LP), as well as two older tracks: \"It's Alright\" was the B-side of breakthrough 1964 single \"You Really Got Me\" but had not yet been included on a US LP, and \"Louie Louie\" was another 1964 track, originally released on the \"Kinksize Session\" EP in the UK, although it had already been included on \"Kinks-Size\" in the US. This was the last US only studio album released by the Kinks. Starting with \"The Kink Kontroversy\", Reprise issued albums identical to the UK versions. The tracks are currently available on the extended CD editions of \"Kinks\" and \"Kinda Kinks\".", "The Kast Off Kinks The Kast Off Kinks are a band composed of former members of the band The Kinks. They mostly tour Europe and attend reunions for fans and for charity, such as the Leukemia Research Fund. They have put out one EP, \"The Archway EP\", in conjunction with The Kinks' fan club. Dalton and Gosling both retired from The Kast Off Kinks in 2008, but Dalton does still appear with the band. Following Ian Gibbons' death in 2019, John Gosling returned to the Kast Off Kinks. The first bassist for The Kinks, Peter Quaife, played at various shows with the band before his death in 2010. The Kinks' drummer from 1984 to 1996, Bob Henrit, has also performed with the band. At Kinks fan conventions in 2007, 2008 and 2009, The Kast Off Kinks were joined on stage for a few songs by The Kinks' main songwriter and frontman, Ray Davies. Former Kinks backing singers Debi Doss and Shirlie Roden also perform regularly with The Kast Off Kinks, and Ray Davies' first wife, Rasa Davies, has made occasional guest appearances as backing vocalist. Mark Haley finally guested with the band at the 2011 fan convention in London and again in 2012 in both London and Utrecht."], "answer": {"text": "Music writers and other musicians have acknowledged the influence of the Kinks on the development of hard rock and heavy metal.", "answer_start": 966}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What were The Kinks best known for?", "answer": {"text": "Music", "answer_start": 966, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was there legacy?", "answer": {"text": "The Kinks are regarded as one of the most important and influential rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2015, it was reported that Julien Temple would direct a biopic of The Kinks titled You Really Got Me,", "answer_start": 125, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "when did that release?", "answer": {"text": "2015,", "answer_start": 128, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How did it chart?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they ever criticized?", "answer": {"text": "The Vines, described the Kinks as \"great songwriters, so underrated\".", "answer_start": 529, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "They were ranked 65th on Rolling Stone Magazine's \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\" list.", "answer_start": 210, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their top ranked song?", "answer": {"text": "the band's 1966 hit single \"Sunny Afternoon\" and features songs from the band's back catalogue.", "answer_start": 29, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#0", "question": "What group disbanded?", "rewrite": "What group disbanded?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jackson Heights (band) Jackson Heights were an English musical group formed by bassist and vocalist Lee Jackson. The group was formed in 1970, when keyboardist Keith Emerson left The Nice to form ELP. In 1973, Jackson teamed up again with The Nice drummer Brian \"Blinky\" Davison to form Refugee with Patrick Moraz. After the break-up of The Nice in 1969, each of that group's three members formed a group of his own, and those three groups toured together : Emerson formed Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Davison's group was named Every Which Way, and Jackson appeared with Jackson Heights. Jackson Heights' debut album, \"King Progress\", included a reworking of \"The Cry Of Eugene\", a song originally recorded by The Nice, and new material including \"Doubting Thomas\" and \"Insomnia\". The group, which included Charlie Harcourt on lead guitar, Mario Enrique Covarrubias Tapia on bass and Tommy Sloane on drums, produced a radically different sound from that with which Jackson had become well-known, centred upon songs and led by acoustic guitar played by Lee Jackson mostly. This group disbanded shortly after the first album's release and reformed as a trio featuring pianist Brian Chatton (born 19 July 1948, Bolton, Lancashire) - who played with Jon Anderson's Warriors and Phil Collins's Flaming Youth - and singer/songwriter/guitarist John McBurnie, with Jackson mainly playing bass as well as acoustic guitars. The group left the Charisma label and signed with Vertigo, for whom they recorded three albums, \"The Fifth Avenue Bus\" and \"Ragamuffins Fool\" (1972) and \"Bump 'n' Grind\" (1973). And then the group disbanded when Jackson teamed up with Patrick Moraz and Brian Davison and formed Refugee in 1973.", "Children of the Corn (group) Children of the Corn was an American hip-hop group formed in the 1993, consisting of neighborhood friends and fellow Harlem rappers Mase, Big L, Cam'ron, Herb McGruff and Bloodshed. The group's name is a play on words; it is short for Children of the Corner, and also refers to Stephen King's short story of the same name. Big L was the founder of the group, as he pushed Mase and Cam'ron off the streets and into the studio, as well as Bloodshed, who was Cam'ron's cousin, with the last member of the group being McGruff. They released over 30 songs under the name Children of the Corn, as they tried for a record deal. They got paid any way they could, rhyming for local DJs and selling mixtapes out of their trunks. The group disbanded after the death of Bloodshed in a car accident in 1997. Even before the group disbanded, each of the group members had pursued their solo careers. Big L was signed with Columbia, Mase with Bad Boy, Cam'ron with Epic and McGruff with Uptown. A collection of the group's songs, entitled \"Children of the Corn: The Collector's Edition\" was released in 2003.", "Sullivan invited members of the group to perform on \"Toast of the Town\" (later called \"The Ed Sullivan Show\"). The group also competed in the contest in 1939 and 1940. Whitey's Lindy Hoppers performed in the 1941 movie \"Hellzapoppin'\", where they executed breathtaking flips, slides, kicks, splits, and lifts. When they returned from filming, the group went to Rio de Janeiro to perform. Because of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, they were unable to find transportation home and ended up staying for 10 months, nearly exhausting all of their energy and money. In 1942, the group went on a 3-week tour with Cootie Williams and Pearl Bailey that included performances at the Apollo Theater, the Howard Theatre in Washington, D.C., and the Royal Theatre in Baltimore. The group disbanded shortly thereafter since the males were called into service during World War II. After the group disbanded, White moved to Oswego and opened a restaurant. He died of a heart attack in September 1950. Al Minns, Leon James, Frankie Manning, and Norma Miller are the most notable members of the group - Minns and James in part for their role in the research of Jean and Marshall Stearns's influential book \"Jazz Dance,\" Minns for his work with the Hot Shots during the swing revival in the 1980s, Manning for his role in contributing to the swing revival after Minns died in 1985, and Miller for her presentations and instruction at Herr\u00e4ng Dance Camp up until her death in 2019. Ruthie Reingold and Harry Rosenberg were the only white members of the group. Although mixed race dancing was accepted at the Savoy Ballroom, it was frowned upon by the general public and they are not in any of the early videos of the group.", "ZEN (professional wrestling) ZEN was a professional wrestling stable in Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling (FMW). The group was led by former FMW owner and the company's founder Atsushi Onita from late 1997 to mid 1998 and the group was based on World Championship Wrestling's New World Order (nWo). The group produced its own shows in collaboration with FMW like nWo promoted its own pay-per-view nWo Souled Out. Upon its formation, the group immediately wiped out W*ING Alliance and Funk Masters of Wrestling that had been dominating FMW for the past few years and was the lead villainous group formed by the unofficial merger of both factions. Their dominance ended when Mr. Gannosuke, Yukihiro Kanemura and Hido turned on Onita after Onita lost a WarGames match to Hayabusa. The trio formed Team No Respect and ZEN turned fan favorites and feuded with TNR. The group was forced to disband after Onita lost to Kodo Fuyuki and the group disbanded on May 5, 1998. Atsushi Onita had been feuding with W*ING Alliance since 1994 and the group was formed with the concept of ending FMW because the group held Onita and his FMW responsible for ending W*ING. Onita concluded his rivalry with W*ING at \"Kawasaki Legend\" on September 28, 1997 by defeating W*ING Kanemura and the match stipulated that W*ING group would be forced to disband if Kanemura lost to Onita. As a result, the W*ING group disbanded. After the match, W*ING members Kanemura, Hideki Hosaka and Hido were worried because FMW or any other group would not accept them and Onita became concerned about them and then quit FMW in anger and took them under his wing.", "Party Animals (music group) Party Animals are a pop-gabber group from Amsterdam, Netherlands. The band was created by producers Jeff \"Abraxas\" Porter and Jeroen Flamman, also known as Flamman & Abraxas, along with vocalists MCs Remsy, Evert van Buschbach, Patrick de Moor, Dennis Adam, and Paul Gromm\u00e9. They became the first act in the Netherlands to have their first three singles go straight to number one. The Party Animals made their introduction on the video for the single \"I Wanna Be a Hippy\" by Technohead. The clip featured three gabbers and a hippie. Flamman & Abraxas discovered the four and saw a potential for opening the mainly underground scene of gabber by making the sound more pop-oriented and thus introducing the new genre to a mainstream audience. The first single was \" Have You Ever Been Mellow\" which samples Olivia Newton-John's \"Have You Never Been Mellow \" The lyrics still contain parts of the original song with \"Never\" replaced by \"Ever\". Released in September 1995, it took three months before becoming a number 1 hit. In 1997, Flamman & Abraxas formed a one-time spinoff group called the \"Mini Animals\", consisting of four boys aged 10 to 13. They only released one EP, titled \"Get Up, Stand Up!\" before the group disbanded. However, two of the Mini Animals, Youri and Jordi, would later officially join the Party Animals in 2002. The group disbanded in 2000 after considerable success in the Netherlands and a hit in Hong Kong with \"Atomic\". The group reunited in 2002 after they were re-discovered at a student party in Delft."], "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#1", "question": "When did they disband?", "rewrite": "When did Zappa and the Mothers of Invention disband?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "Ruth Underwood Ruth Underwood (born Ruth Komanoff; May 23, 1946) is a musician best known for playing xylophone, marimba, vibraphone and other percussion instruments in Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention. Underwood played with Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention from 1972 to 1977. Underwood began her music training in the classical tradition, studying both at Ithaca College under Warren Benson and under Saul Goodman at Juilliard. Throughout 1967, she kept a regular attendance at the Garrick Theater in New York City when Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention was the resident band, resulting in her association with Zappa beginning in December 1967. Using both her birth name, Ruth Komanoff, and her married name - she married fellow Zappa musician Ian Underwood in May 1969; they divorced in 1986 - Underwood also appeared on drums with a rock group named The Hamilton Face Band during 1969, appearing on some of their recordings released by Philips Records and Bell Records. Underwood went on to perform in over twenty Zappa/Mothers recordings. Examples of her virtuosity can be heard on tracks including the \"Rollo Interior interlude\" from \"St. Alfonzo's Pancake Breakfast\", from the \"Apostrophe (')\" album (1974). Equally impressive work is documented on \"Roxy & Elsewhere\" (1974) and on \"Inca Roads\", the opening track on \"One Size Fits All\" (1975). Some glimpses of Underwood in action can be seen in the Zappa movie \"200 Motels\" (1971), and the \"Dub Room Special\" DVD, which includes performances from the KCET Special \"A Token Of His Extreme\". She also features in the film of the Roxy performances.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of doo-wop songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute. Zappa has noted that the album was conceived in the way Stravinsky's compositions were in his neo-classical period: \"If he could take the forms and cliches of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?\" A theme from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring is heard during one song. Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". Recorded from September 1967 to September 1968 and released in early 1969 Uncle Meat was a double album of varied music and the final release by the original Mothers and was intended as a soundtrack for a proposed film of the same name. In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with the label's interference, left MGM Records for Warner Bros.' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to one on Woodrow Wilson Drive. This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros. Records' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort. Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling. Others were irritated by 'his autocratic ways', exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members. Several members played for Zappa in years to come. Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970). After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats (1969). It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, \"Peaches en Regalia\", which reappeared several times on future recordings."], "answer": {"text": "In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band.", "answer_start": 911}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What group disbanded?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#2", "question": "What kind of music did they play?", "rewrite": "What kind of music did Zappa and the Mothers of Invention play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of doo-wop songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute. Zappa has noted that the album was conceived in the way Stravinsky's compositions were in his neo-classical period: \"If he could take the forms and cliches of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?\" A theme from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring is heard during one song. Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". Recorded from September 1967 to September 1968 and released in early 1969 Uncle Meat was a double album of varied music and the final release by the original Mothers and was intended as a soundtrack for a proposed film of the same name. In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with the label's interference, left MGM Records for Warner Bros.' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "Lumpy Gravy Lumpy Gravy is the debut solo album by Frank Zappa, written by Zappa and performed by a group of session players he dubbed the Abnuceals Emuukha Electric Symphony Orchestra. Zappa conducted the orchestra but did not perform on the album. It is his third album overall: his previous releases had been under the name of his group, the Mothers of Invention. It was commissioned and briefly released, on August 7, 1967, by Capitol Records in the 4-track Stereo-Pak format only and then withdrawn due to a lawsuit from MGM Records. MGM claimed that the album violated Zappa's contract with their subsidiary, Verve Records. In 1968 it was reedited and released by MGM's Verve Records on May 13, 1968. The final version of the album consisted of two musique concr\u00e8te pieces that combined elements from the original orchestral performance with elements of surf music and the spoken word. It was praised for its music and editing. Produced simultaneously with \"We're Only in It for the Money\", Zappa saw \"Lumpy Gravy\" as the second part of a conceptual continuity that later included his final album, \"Civilization Phaze III\". Following the release of \"Freak Out!\", the debut album of the rock band the Mothers of Invention, Capitol Records A&R representative Nick Venet commissioned an album of orchestral music composed by the Mothers of Invention's leader, Frank Zappa, a self-taught composer. Venet spent $40,000 on the album. Because Zappa's contract with Verve and MGM Records did not allow for him to perform on albums recorded for any other label, he could not play any instrument on the proposed album, and instead served as the conductor of an orchestra consisting of session musicians hired for the recording.", "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to one on Woodrow Wilson Drive. This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros. Records' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort. Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling. Others were irritated by 'his autocratic ways', exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members. Several members played for Zappa in years to come. Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970). After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats (1969). It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, \"Peaches en Regalia\", which reappeared several times on future recordings."], "answer": {"text": "major influence on the development of the jazz-rock fusion genre.", "answer_start": 443}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What group disbanded?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they disband?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band.", "answer_start": 911, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#3", "question": "Why did they break up?", "rewrite": "Why did Zappa and the Mothers of Invention break up?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to one on Woodrow Wilson Drive. This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros. Records' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort. Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling. Others were irritated by 'his autocratic ways', exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members. Several members played for Zappa in years to come. Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970). After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats (1969). It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, \"Peaches en Regalia\", which reappeared several times on future recordings.", "Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of doo-wop songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute. Zappa has noted that the album was conceived in the way Stravinsky's compositions were in his neo-classical period: \"If he could take the forms and cliches of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?\" A theme from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring is heard during one song. Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". Recorded from September 1967 to September 1968 and released in early 1969 Uncle Meat was a double album of varied music and the final release by the original Mothers and was intended as a soundtrack for a proposed film of the same name. In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with the label's interference, left MGM Records for Warner Bros.' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "Auburn, North Carolina Auburn is an unincorporated community in Wake County, North Carolina, USA, just southeast of Raleigh. It lies about halfway between Garner and Clayton along Garner Road, a former alignment of US 70. The borders of the community are not well defined, but it is centered along Garner Road between Auburn Church Road and Guy Road. The North Carolina Railroad established a depot at Auburn, halfway between Garner and Clayton. A small community grew around the depot which was later annexed into Garner. The Wayland E. Poole House is located in Auburn and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Near Auburn, there are three of the broadcast towers for Triangle area media outlets: the WRAL HDTV Tower, the WTVD Tower and the WNCN Tower. The Mount Auburn Training Center, used by the Wake County Sheriff's Office, and the Clemmons Educational State Forest also lie near Auburn. The Mount Auburn Training Center used to be the public school house. Two large churches, Mt. Moriah Church located on Garner Road and Springfield Baptist Church, located on Auburn Knightdale Road, are also prominent landmarks. Like much of Wake County, the area has undergone a development boom in recent years, anchored by the Auburn Village residential development along Auburn-Knightdale road, just north of Garner Road.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums."], "answer": {"text": "He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "answer_start": 950}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What group disbanded?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they disband?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band.", "answer_start": 911, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "major influence on the development of the jazz-rock fusion genre.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#4", "question": "Why were there financial problems?", "rewrite": "Why were there financial problems with Zappa and the Mothers of Invention?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of doo-wop songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute. Zappa has noted that the album was conceived in the way Stravinsky's compositions were in his neo-classical period: \"If he could take the forms and cliches of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?\" A theme from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring is heard during one song. Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". Recorded from September 1967 to September 1968 and released in early 1969 Uncle Meat was a double album of varied music and the final release by the original Mothers and was intended as a soundtrack for a proposed film of the same name. In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with the label's interference, left MGM Records for Warner Bros.' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention is a 1985 album by Frank Zappa. The album was originally released in two slightly different versions in the US and Europe. The album's title is a reference to the lobby group, the PMRC, who were campaigning to require record companies to put warning stickers on albums they considered offensive, and to Zappa's former band, the Mothers of Invention. Following distribution problems with Zappa's album \"Thing-Fish\", which former Barking Pumpkin distributor MCA Records refused to distribute, Zappa made a deal with EMI Records, which would allow \"Them or Us\" and \"Thing-Fish\" to be distributed by Capitol Records in the United States. Zappa wrote a \"warning\" which appeared on the inner sleeves of these albums, as well as \"Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention\", which stated that the albums contained content \"which a truly free society would neither fear nor suppress\", and a \"guarantee\" which stated that the lyrics would not \"cause eternal torment in the place where the guy with the horns and pointed stick conducts his business. \" The liner notes also contained a quote from Senator Ernest Hollings, who testified during the PMRC hearings: \"\u2026if I could find some way constitutionally to do away with it [foul language in music], I would\", as well as Zappa's oft-repeated liner notes request for his fans to register to vote. The original US version of the album contains the track \"Porn Wars\" \u2013 a sound collage featuring excerpts from PMRC hearings.", "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to one on Woodrow Wilson Drive. This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros. Records' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort. Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling. Others were irritated by 'his autocratic ways', exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members. Several members played for Zappa in years to come. Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970). After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats (1969). It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, \"Peaches en Regalia\", which reappeared several times on future recordings."], "answer": {"text": "Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not.", "answer_start": 619}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What group disbanded?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they disband?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band.", "answer_start": 911, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "major influence on the development of the jazz-rock fusion genre.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did they break up?", "answer": {"text": "He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "answer_start": 950, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#5", "question": "why did he think the band lacked effort?", "rewrite": "why did Frank Zappa think the band lacked effort?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zappa Plays Zappa  Zappa Plays Zappa (previously momentarily renamed as Dweezil Zappa Plays Frank Zappa) is an American tribute act led by Dweezil Zappa, the eldest son of late American composer and musician Frank Zappa, devoted to performing the music of Frank Zappa. The band debuted in 2006 with shows in Europe, Canada, and the United States during May and June (the tour was also known as \"Zappa Plays Zappa: Tour de Frank\"'). The shows presented a collection of Frank Zappa's rock-oriented compositions from the 1960s to the late 1970s. Apart from Dweezil Zappa on lead guitar, many of the band members previously played with Frank Zappa. Among those, Napoleon Murphy Brock (sax, flute, and vocals) was an integral part of the band, while drummer/vocalist Terry Bozzio and guitarist Steve Vai performed as guests in parts of the shows. At several shows the live band played along with audio and video recordings of Frank Zappa himself, notably portions of \"Chunga's Revenge\", \"Dumb All Over\", \"Cosmik Debris\", and \"Muffin Man\". After a break, the band played again in the U.S. during the fall of 2006, including a show in New York on October 31. This revived Frank Zappa's tradition of playing Halloween shows in New York. A DVD documenting the 2006 tour was released in early 2008. In July and August 2007, the band played a North American tour, with a core lineup similar to that of the 2006 band. The band then played in Europe during September and October before returning to the US, starting with another Halloween show in New York. Special guest on the tour was vocalist and guitarist Ray White, a Zappa stalwart performer in the 1970s and early 1980s.", "Scott Thunes Scott Thunes (pronounced \"too-nis\") (born January 20, 1960) is a bass player, formerly with Frank Zappa, Wayne Kramer, Steve Vai, Andy Prieboy, Mike Keneally, Fear, The Waterboys, Big Bang Beat, and others. Thunes was raised in San Anselmo, California. He played with Zappa's band from 1981 to 1988, and plays on such albums as \"The Man From Utopia\", \"Them or Us\", \"Broadway the Hard Way\", \"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore\", \"Does Humor Belong In Music?\", \"The Best Band You Never Heard In Your Life\", \"Frank Zappa Meets the Mothers of Prevention\", \" Ship Arriving Too Late to Save a Drowning Witch\", \"Make a Jazz Noise Here\", and \"Guitar\", a double-album compilation of Zappa's live guitar solos. His most prominent bass performance can be heard on Frank Zappa's \"Valley Girl\", which peaked at #32 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. He played bass on Frank Zappa's \"Jazz from Hell\", which won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in 1988. Thunes lives in Northern California with his wife Georgia, and his children Hazle Nova and Virgil Mars. In February 2012, Thunes performed in California with Dweezil Zappa and the \"Zappa Plays Zappa\" band. In October 2013, he performed with the Los Angeles Philharmonic in a performance of Frank Zappa's 200 Motels, which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Classical Compendium in 2017. In June 2017, he performed in a concert of Frank Zappa's music with the Czech Philharmonic under conductor Sarah Hicks.", "Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute Frank Zappa Plays the Music of Frank Zappa: A Memorial Tribute is a posthumous album by Frank Zappa. According to the liner notes, Frank's son Dweezil talked with his father shortly before Frank's death about the songs Frank had written that he would consider to be his \"signature\" tunes. These were \"Zoot Allures\", \"Black Napkins\" and \"Watermelon in Easter Hay\". The album compiles the original album versions of these three pieces, along with an alternate, live take of each, and the track \"Merely a Blues in A\", a blues improvisation recorded in Paris in 1974. It was released by the Zappa Family Trust and is only available online from Barfko-Swill\u2014the mail-order section on zappa.com. This release is similar in style to works such as \"Guitar, Trance-Fusion, Shut Up 'n Play Yer Guitar\" and \"The Guitar World According to Frank Zappa\". The album cover is illustrated by Matt Groening. All tracks written, composed and arranged by Frank Zappa.", "Muffin Man (song) \"Muffin Man\" is a song recorded live by Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention. It appears on his 1975 mostly live album \"Bongo Fury\" made with Captain Beefheart (Don Van Vliet). The song begins with studio-recorded spoken word lyrics delivered by Zappa and is followed by the chorus. The song was inspired by the traditional nursery rhyme, The Muffin Man. The song closes the album, as well as the compilation \"Strictly Commercial,\" and was also used as a finale in concerts for many years afterwards. The song's tone was compared to Jimi Hendrix's style. An alternative live version of \"Muffin Man\" appears on disc one (track 22) of the compilation \"You Can't Do That on Stage Anymore, Vol. 6\". This song also appears on the 2009 album released by the Zappa Family Trust \"Philly '76,\" the 2002 album \"\" and the 2003 album \"Halloween.\" Frank Zappa's son, Dweezil, along with his Zappa Plays Zappa (ZPZ) band, have featured \"Muffin Man\" on many concert tours. In 2010, they offered video footage of Frank Zappa playing \"Muffin Man\", along with isolated Frank Zappa guitar parts, so Dweezil and ZPZ accompanied live Frank Zappa and his extended guitar solo. The meaning of the song was never fully explained by Frank Zappa, and as such there are many interpretations. The \"Muffin Man\" of the song appears to be a new kind of food aficionado, one who has taken his love for muffins to a scientific and semi-religious level. He can simply be considered an incarnation of gluttony.", "Francesco Zappa (album) Francesco Zappa is a 1984 album by Frank Zappa. It features chamber music by the Italian composer Francesco Zappa, who composed between 1763 and 1788. David Ocker played a piece of Francesco Zappa's music for Frank Zappa because it was popular with some college music students. Because Francesco Zappa's music was not published and could only be found in the Mormon library, Frank Zappa decided to publish it. He then decided to program some of these pieces into his new Synclavier synthesizer. Frank Zappa found an entry for Francesco Zappa in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and then researched his sheet music in the library at UC Berkeley. According to \"The Real Frank Zappa Book\", the two musicians are not related. \"Francesco Zappa\" was the first full album on which Frank Zappa used the Synclavier, but synclavier pieces appear on \"\" and on \"Thing-Fish\" as well. All selections composed by Francesco Zappa"], "answer": {"text": "some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling.", "answer_start": 1131}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What group disbanded?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they disband?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band.", "answer_start": 911, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "major influence on the development of the jazz-rock fusion genre.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did they break up?", "answer": {"text": "He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "answer_start": 950, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were there financial problems?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not.", "answer_start": 619, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#6", "question": "did they release any albums or singles together?", "rewrite": "did Zappa and the Mothers of Invention release any albums or singles together?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "Mothermania  Mothermania (1969), subtitled \"The Best of the Mothers\", is a compilation album by the Mothers of Invention. While the songs were previously released on \"Freak Out!\", \"Absolutely Free\" and \"We're Only in It for the Money\", it contains unique mixes or edits done specifically for this compilation. After the Mothers of Invention's contract with MGM and Verve Records expired, Frank Zappa and Herb Cohen negotiated to form a semi-independent record label Bizarre Records, with Verve releasing three Bizarre releases with distribution by MGM: a new Mothers of Invention album, \"Cruising with Ruben & the Jets\", the compilation \"Mothermania\", and an album by Sandy Hurvitz, \"Sandy's Album is Here at Last\". \" Mothermania\" was prepared in order to recoup money which Verve felt it lost funding the Mothers of Invention albums \" Freak Out!\", \"Absolutely Free\" and \"We're Only in It for the Money\". Frank Zappa prepared the masters for the release, remixing and sequencing the track listing, as well as overseeing its packaging. The compilation was notable for featuring unique mixes or edits of the songs compiled for its release, including an uncensored version of \"Mother People\", which previously appeared on \" We're Only in It for the Money\" in a censored version, and a radically different mix of \"The Idiot Bastard Son\". \"Mothermania\" was released shortly before the release of the Mothers of Invention's fifth studio album, \"Uncle Meat\", a releasing tactic that Frank Zappa felt was intentional on the behalf of Verve. Zappa subsequently disowned the compilation following its release. Allmusic reviewer William Ruhlmann described the compilation as being \"redundant\", giving it three out of five stars.", "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to one on Woodrow Wilson Drive. This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros. Records' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort. Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling. Others were irritated by 'his autocratic ways', exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members. Several members played for Zappa in years to come. Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970). After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats (1969). It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, \"Peaches en Regalia\", which reappeared several times on future recordings.", "Over-Nite Sensation  Over-Nite Sensation is a studio album by Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention, released in September 1973. It was followed by Zappa's solo album \"Apostrophe (')\" (1974), which was recorded during the same sessions. Frank Zappa wanted to use backup singers on the songs \"I'm the Slime\", \"Dirty Love\", \"Zomby Woof\", \"Dinah-Moe Humm\" and \"Montana\". His road manager suggested The Ikettes, and Ike & Tina Turner were contacted. Ike Turner insisted that Zappa pay the singers, including Tina Turner, no more than $25 per song. However, an invoice shows that they were actually paid $25 per hour, and in total $187.50 each for 7 1/2 hours of service. During the recording sessions at Bolic Sound, Tina brought Ike into the studio to hear the highly difficult middle section of \"Montana\" which had taken the Ikettes a few days to learn and master. Ike listened to the tape and responded \"What is this shit?\" before leaving the studio. Ike later insisted that Zappa not credit the Ikettes on the released album. The recording sessions which produced \"Over-Nite Sensation\" also produced Zappa's followup, \"Apostrophe (')\" (1974), released as a solo album rather than a Mothers of Invention release. Much of the album's lyrics deal with sex. For example, \"Dinah-Moe Humm\" describes a woman who wagers that the narrator can't give her an orgasm and is ultimately aroused by watching him have sex with her sister. On other topics, \"I'm the Slime\" criticizes television, and the playful and musically adventurous \"Montana\" describes moving to Montana to grow dental floss."], "answer": {"text": "Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970).", "answer_start": 1396}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What group disbanded?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they disband?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band.", "answer_start": 911, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "major influence on the development of the jazz-rock fusion genre.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did they break up?", "answer": {"text": "He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "answer_start": 950, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were there financial problems?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not.", "answer_start": 619, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he think the band lacked effort?", "answer": {"text": "some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling.", "answer_start": 1131, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_2d211835213b45588ad5ca868ce7fabd_0_q#7", "question": "Did they play with anybody famous?", "rewrite": "Did Zappa and the Mothers of Invention play with anybody famous?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in mid-1968, and the Zappas moved into a house on Laurel Canyon Boulevard, only to move again to one on Woodrow Wilson Drive. This was Zappa's home for the rest of his life. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with MGM Records' interference, left them for Warner Bros. Records' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort. Many band members were bitter about Zappa's decision, and some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling. Others were irritated by 'his autocratic ways', exemplified by Zappa's never staying at the same hotel as the band members. Several members played for Zappa in years to come. Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970). After he disbanded the Mothers of Invention, Zappa released the acclaimed solo album Hot Rats (1969). It features, for the first time on record, Zappa playing extended guitar solos and contains one of his most enduring compositions, \"Peaches en Regalia\", which reappeared several times on future recordings.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "The Mothers of Invention played in New York in late 1966 and were offered a contract at the Garrick Theater during Easter 1967. This proved successful and Herb Cohen extended the booking, which eventually lasted half a year. As a result, Zappa and his wife, along with the Mothers of Invention, moved to New York. Their shows became a combination of improvised acts showcasing individual talents of the band as well as tight performances of Zappa's music. Everything was directed by Zappa's famous hand signals. Guest performers and audience participation became a regular part of the Garrick Theater shows. One evening, Zappa managed to entice some U.S. Marines from the audience onto the stage, where they proceeded to dismember a big baby doll, having been told by Zappa to pretend that it was a \"gook baby\". Situated in New York, and only interrupted by the band's first European tour, the Mothers of Invention recorded the album widely regarded as the peak of the group's late 1960s work, We're Only in It for the Money (released 1968). It was produced by Zappa, with Wilson credited as executive producer. From then on, Zappa produced all albums released by the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. We're Only in It for the Money featured some of the most creative audio editing and production yet heard in pop music, and the songs ruthlessly satirized the hippie and flower power phenomena. The cover photo parodied that of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, its art provided by Cal Schenkel whom Zappa had met in New York. This initiated a lifelong collaboration in which Schenkel designed covers for numerous Zappa and Mothers albums.", "Reflecting Zappa's eclectic approach to music, the next album, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets (1968), was very different. It represented a collection of doo-wop songs; listeners and critics were not sure whether the album was a satire or a tribute. Zappa has noted that the album was conceived in the way Stravinsky's compositions were in his neo-classical period: \"If he could take the forms and cliches of the classical era and pervert them, why not do the same ... to doo-wop in the fifties?\" A theme from Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring is heard during one song. Zappa and the Mothers of Invention returned to Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. Despite being a success with fans in Europe, the Mothers of Invention were not faring well financially. Their first records were vocally oriented, but Zappa wrote more instrumental jazz and classical oriented music for the band's concerts, which confused audiences. Zappa felt that audiences failed to appreciate his \"electrical chamber music\". Recorded from September 1967 to September 1968 and released in early 1969 Uncle Meat was a double album of varied music and the final release by the original Mothers and was intended as a soundtrack for a proposed film of the same name. In 1969 there were nine band members and Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not. 1969 was also the year Zappa, fed up with the label's interference, left MGM Records for Warner Bros.' Reprise subsidiary where Zappa/Mothers recordings would bear the Bizarre Records imprint. In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band. He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "Ruth Underwood Ruth Underwood (born Ruth Komanoff; May 23, 1946) is a musician best known for playing xylophone, marimba, vibraphone and other percussion instruments in Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention. Underwood played with Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention from 1972 to 1977. Underwood began her music training in the classical tradition, studying both at Ithaca College under Warren Benson and under Saul Goodman at Juilliard. Throughout 1967, she kept a regular attendance at the Garrick Theater in New York City when Frank Zappa and The Mothers of Invention was the resident band, resulting in her association with Zappa beginning in December 1967. Using both her birth name, Ruth Komanoff, and her married name - she married fellow Zappa musician Ian Underwood in May 1969; they divorced in 1986 - Underwood also appeared on drums with a rock group named The Hamilton Face Band during 1969, appearing on some of their recordings released by Philips Records and Bell Records. Underwood went on to perform in over twenty Zappa/Mothers recordings. Examples of her virtuosity can be heard on tracks including the \"Rollo Interior interlude\" from \"St. Alfonzo's Pancake Breakfast\", from the \"Apostrophe (')\" album (1974). Equally impressive work is documented on \"Roxy & Elsewhere\" (1974) and on \"Inca Roads\", the opening track on \"One Size Fits All\" (1975). Some glimpses of Underwood in action can be seen in the Zappa movie \"200 Motels\" (1971), and the \"Dub Room Special\" DVD, which includes performances from the KCET Special \"A Token Of His Extreme\". She also features in the film of the Roxy performances."], "answer": {"text": "multi-instrumentalist Shuggie Otis on bass, along with a guest appearance by Captain Beefheart (providing vocals to the only non-instrumental track, \"Willie the Pimp\").", "answer_start": 226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What group disbanded?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa and the Mothers of Invention", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they disband?", "answer": {"text": "In late 1969, Zappa broke up the band.", "answer_start": 911, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of music did they play?", "answer": {"text": "major influence on the development of the jazz-rock fusion genre.", "answer_start": 443, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did they break up?", "answer": {"text": "He often cited the financial strain as the main reason, but also commented on the band members' lack of sufficient effort.", "answer_start": 950, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why were there financial problems?", "answer": {"text": "Zappa was supporting the group himself from his publishing royalties whether they played or not.", "answer_start": 619, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he think the band lacked effort?", "answer": {"text": "some took it as a sign of Zappa's concern for perfection at the expense of human feeling.", "answer_start": 1131, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they release any albums or singles together?", "answer": {"text": "Remaining recordings with the band from this period were collected on Weasels Ripped My Flesh and Burnt Weeny Sandwich (both released in 1970).", "answer_start": 1396, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0ed1788fd7c4d0da279f5d306cc4a48_1_q#0", "question": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "rewrite": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Cage Day John Cage Day was the name given to several events held during 2012, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer John Cage. These events included John Cage Day at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, held on August 9, 2012, John Cage Day at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall, London, on August 17, 2012, and John Cage Day at Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, Australia, coinciding with Cage's birthday on September 5, 2012. The organizer of the latter event, composer and performer Stephen Whittington, has proposed that September 5 annually celebrated globally as John Cage Day.", "Music for an Aquatic Ballet  Music for an Aquatic Ballet is the most commonly used title to refer to an untitled composition by American avant-garde composer John Cage. It was presumably finished in 1938, for its performance at the National Aquatic Show in Los Angeles. Even though the score of the composition is lost and has never been published nor performed after its premiere, some of Cage's fellow musicians have loosely reconstructed it. This composition was commissioned by the Physical Education Department of the University of California, Los Angeles to celebrate the National Aquatic Show at the Olympic Swim Stadium in Los Angeles, which was held on July 2, 1938. Since the score is lost, there is debate over the duration and the instrumentation of the original composition. However, the event was played and directed by John Cage himself, and the performance involved both synchronized swimming and live music. It was at this time when John Cage started experimenting with submerged tom-toms and gongs, so that the swimmers could follow the music even when they were completely submerged. The work was never published nor performed again, but the idea of submerging instruments became increasingly interesting to Cage, as he experimented with it further in later works, such as First Construction in Metal. The composition's title is still unknown, since no specific details about it are mentioned in Cage's notes. However, it is commonly referred to as \"Music for an Aquatic Ballet\", which is the description provided in Cage's book \"\". Since the composition is lost and has not been mentioned many times in John Cage's papers, there is little information about instrumentation, duration and structure. The composition was first reconstructed by Roberto Fabbriciani and Jonathan Faralli in 2011, in a version for flute, percussion and tape. Here, the musicians attempted not only to reconstruct the original composition but also the event in which it took place.", "But what about the noise of crumpling paper which he used to do in order to paint the series of &quot;Papiers froiss\u00e9s&quot; or tearing up paper to make &quot;Papiers d\u00e9chir\u00e9s?&quot ; Arp was stimulated by water (sea, lake, and flowing waters like rivers), forests But what about the noise of crumpling paper which he used to do in order to paint the series of \"Papiers froiss\u00e9s\" or tearing up paper to make \"Papiers d\u00e9chir\u00e9s? \" Arp was stimulated by water (sea, lake, and flowing waters like rivers), forests, sometimes shortened as But what about the noise..., is a composition for percussion ensemble by American composer John Cage. It was finished in 1985. John Cage composed this piece as a way of celebrating the work of Jean Arp on the occasion of the centenary of his birth. Jean Arp, an artist in which John Cage found much inspiration in the period the piece was composed in, created paintings and collages, circa 1915\u20131930, including maneuvers of chance, like dropping cutouts of paper or strings and cementing them where they fell. John Cage attempted to recreate the spirit of simultaneity and subtlety of the works by Jean Arp. Its long title comes from one of the letters sent as response to one of John Cage's letters made by Greta Str\u00f6h, the director of the Arp Foundation at the time. Even though Cage's inspiration came through the works by Arp, the composition is dedicated to Les Percussions de Strasbourg.", "Moreover, Tudor received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts John Cage Award (1992). After a stint teaching at Darmstadt from 1956 to 1961, Tudor began to wind up his activities as a pianist to concentrate on composing. He wrote mostly electronic works, many commissioned by Cage's partner, choreographer Merce Cunningham. His homemade musical circuits are considered landmarks in live electronic music and electrical instrument building as a form of composition. One piece, \"Reunion\" (1968), written jointly with Lowell Cross features a chess game, where each move triggers a lighting effect or projection. At the premiere, the game was played between John Cage and Marcel Duchamp. \" Reunion\" is erroneously attributed to Cage in James Pritchett's book \"The Music Of John Cage\". In 1969, Tudor set up India's first electronic music studio at the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad. Upon Cage's death in 1992, Tudor took over as music director of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Among many works created for the company, Tudor composed \"Soundings: Ocean Diary\" (1994), the electronic component of \"Ocean\", which was conceived by John Cage and Merce Cunningham, with choreography by Merce Cunningham, orchestral music by Andrew Culver and design by Marsha Skinner. Tudor died in Tomkins Cove, New York at the age of 70. From 1951 until the late 1960s, Tudor (mainly as pianist) regularly performed the indeterminate work of John Cage. Throughout this time, \u201call of the music [Cage] composed\u201d, John Holzaepfel contends, \u201cwas written with one person in mind\u201d, and this person was Tudor. The culmination of this period were works that required a significant imprint of Tudor in performance. \"", "Langham Research Centre Langham Research Centre is a group devoted to authentic performances of classic electronic music, and the creation of new music from their instrumentarium of vintage analogue devices. Founded in August 2003, they comprise the composers / producers Felix Carey, Iain Chambers, Philip Tagney, and Robert Worby. Their new music follows in the traditions of the Radiophonic Workshop, using reel-to-reel tape machines, sine wave oscillators and other vintage machinery abandoned by the BBC. Radiophonic works include two editions of BBC Radio 3's Between The Ears: guest+host=ghost, featuring Peter Blegvad and Nick Cave; and Gateshead Multi-storey Carpark, featuring the infamous building from Get Carter. Live performances include an authentic tape-only version of John Cage's Fontana Mix at Tate Modern; John Cage's \"Williams Mix\" at Jerwood Space; live soundtrack to The Cabinet Of Dr. Caligari at Notting Hill Arts Club; Robert Worby's Trios for Sinewave Oscillator & John Cage's Radio Music and Imaginary Landscape at Tate Britain. In 2011 they performed a solo concert at Kettle's Yard, Cambridge, showcasing their new work LOL alongside an array of 20th century modernist classics. In March 2012 they took part in English National Opera's John Cage centenary celebrations, with an authentic electronic Cage performance at the MusiCircus staged at the Coliseum. The group headlined London's Cafe Oto in September 2012, with a programme celebrating John Cage's centenary, including the UK premiere of WBAI and Speech. Their work includes OBAMIX, a musique concr\u00e8te chorale for treated soprano, setting extracts from 3 of Barack Obama's defining speeches. This premiered in February 2013 with soprano Alwynne Pritchard performing alongside Langham Research Centre at London's Kings Place."], "answer": {"text": "HPSCHD (1969), a gargantuan and long-running multimedia work made in collaboration with Lejaren Hiller, incorporated the mass superimposition of seven harpsichords playing", "answer_start": 324}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a0ed1788fd7c4d0da279f5d306cc4a48_1_q#1", "question": "Was it well received?", "rewrite": "Was HPSCHD by John Cage well received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["John Cage Day John Cage Day was the name given to several events held during 2012, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer John Cage. These events included John Cage Day at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, held on August 9, 2012, John Cage Day at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall, London, on August 17, 2012, and John Cage Day at Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, Australia, coinciding with Cage's birthday on September 5, 2012. The organizer of the latter event, composer and performer Stephen Whittington, has proposed that September 5 annually celebrated globally as John Cage Day.", "Wendy Mae Chambers Wendy Mae Chambers (born January 24, 1953) is an American composer, currently living in Harvey Cedars, New Jersey. Chambers studied at Barnard College from 1971 to 1975, where she received her B.A. in music, and where she studied with Kenneth Cooper, Nicholas Roussakis, Jack Beeson and Charles Wuorinen. She earned her M.A. in composition at Stony Brook University in New York, where she studied between 1975 and 1977. Her large-scale music events were inspired by the work of Christo and Andy Warhol, and the desire to reach an audience beyond traditional new music audiences. In addition, she knew John Cage well and her work \"12 squared for twelve percussionists\" (1994) is a voodoo tone poem written in his memory. By staging works outside the concert halls and into the public sphere, she has succeeded in bringing her music outside the domain of specialists and academics. Chambers is also well known for her work writing for and performing with the toy piano. In 1994, the \"New York Times\" commented, \"Ms. Chambers is not only a composer, but also possibly the world's foremost virtuoso on the toy piano.\" Currently she is working on a musical system and set of compositions based on the \"I Ching\" (\"Book of Changes\"), an ancient Chinese text, which led Cage to the develop the technique of \"chance operations\" in the 1950s. \" (instrumentation, place, and year of premier)\"", "Moreover, Tudor received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts John Cage Award (1992). After a stint teaching at Darmstadt from 1956 to 1961, Tudor began to wind up his activities as a pianist to concentrate on composing. He wrote mostly electronic works, many commissioned by Cage's partner, choreographer Merce Cunningham. His homemade musical circuits are considered landmarks in live electronic music and electrical instrument building as a form of composition. One piece, \"Reunion\" (1968), written jointly with Lowell Cross features a chess game, where each move triggers a lighting effect or projection. At the premiere, the game was played between John Cage and Marcel Duchamp. \" Reunion\" is erroneously attributed to Cage in James Pritchett's book \"The Music Of John Cage\". In 1969, Tudor set up India's first electronic music studio at the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad. Upon Cage's death in 1992, Tudor took over as music director of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Among many works created for the company, Tudor composed \"Soundings: Ocean Diary\" (1994), the electronic component of \"Ocean\", which was conceived by John Cage and Merce Cunningham, with choreography by Merce Cunningham, orchestral music by Andrew Culver and design by Marsha Skinner. Tudor died in Tomkins Cove, New York at the age of 70. From 1951 until the late 1960s, Tudor (mainly as pianist) regularly performed the indeterminate work of John Cage. Throughout this time, \u201call of the music [Cage] composed\u201d, John Holzaepfel contends, \u201cwas written with one person in mind\u201d, and this person was Tudor. The culmination of this period were works that required a significant imprint of Tudor in performance. \"", "HPSCHD  HPSCHD (pronounced as initials: e\u026at\u0283-pi\u02d0-\u025bs -si\u02d0-e\u026at\u0283-di:, although Cage himself said the title is \"Harpsichord\"), is a composition for harpsichord and computer-generated sounds by American avant-garde composers John Cage (1912\u20131992) and Lejaren Hiller (1924\u20131994). It was written between 1967 and 1969 and was premiered on May 16, 1969, at the Experimental Music Studios at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. As part of the commemoration events of the University of Illinois's one hundredth anniversary in 1967, Hiller, head of the computer music department at the time, invited Cage (then a Visiting Associate in the Center for Advanced Studies) to submit two works related to the field of computing technology and chance procedures. Together with a piece called \"Atlas Borealis with Ten Thunderclaps\", Cage submitted the idea for \"HPSCHD\", which had been commissioned by the Swiss harpsichord aficionado Antoinette Vischer. The long and complex compositional process also involved the technical assistance of Jim Cuomo, Laetitia Snow, James Grant Stroud, and Max Mathews. \"HPSCHD\" received its premiere performance before an audience of 6000 on May 16, 1969, at the Assembly Hall of Urbana Campus, University of Illinois. Conceived as a highly immersive multimedia experience, the performance featured David Tudor, Antoinette Vischer, William Brooks, Ronald Peters, Y\u016bji Takahashi, Neely Bruce and Philip Corner playing harpsichords whose sounds were captured and amplified; 208 tapes with computer-generated sounds played through 52 monaural tape players; and an array of movie and slide projectors used to project 6400 slides and 40 movies onto rectangular screens and a 340-foot circular screen.", "Cheap Imitation Cheap Imitation is a piece for solo piano by John Cage, composed in 1969. It is an indeterminate piece created using the \"I Ching\" and based, rhythmically, on \"Socrate\" by Erik Satie. Like numerous other works by Cage, \"Cheap Imitation\" was a result of his collaboration with Merce Cunningham's dance company. However, in this case the original choreography relied not on Cage's music, but on a piano arrangement of Erik Satie's symphonic drama \"Socrate\". In 1947 Cunningham choreographed a dance based on the first movement of Satie's work, and Cage provided a two-piano transcription of the music (since Cunningham's dances were usually accompanied by piano only). In 1968 it was decided to expand the choreography by two movements, based on the remaining two movements of the Satie work. Cage, who was at the time working on \"HPSCHD\", a large multimedia work, requested help of an acquaintance from the University of Illinois, Arthur Maddox, and together they completed a two-piano arrangement of the remaining two movements. The new choreography was to be premiered in early 1970. However, in December 1969 Cage received news from Satie's publisher, \u00c9ditions Max Eschig, that he had been refused the rights to perform the piece, although Eschig hadn't even requested to see the transcription. Because the choreography was based on the rhythms and structure of \"Socrate\", Cage could not simply compose a new piece of music. He decided to imitate Satie's work in a piano solo. Cage titled the result \"Cheap Imitation\", and Cunningham responded in kind, naming the choreography \"Second Hand\". \" Cheap Imitation\" became the last work Cage performed in public as a pianist: arthritis prevented him from doing any more performances."], "answer": {"text": "five-hour performance at the University of Illinois in 1969, in which the audience arrived after the piece had begun and left before it ended,", "answer_start": 813}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "answer": {"text": "HPSCHD (1969), a gargantuan and long-running multimedia work made in collaboration with Lejaren Hiller, incorporated the mass superimposition of seven harpsichords playing", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0ed1788fd7c4d0da279f5d306cc4a48_1_q#2", "question": "Was anything unusual about it?", "rewrite": "Was anything unusual about HPSCHD by John Cage?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["HPSCHD  HPSCHD (pronounced as initials: e\u026at\u0283-pi\u02d0-\u025bs -si\u02d0-e\u026at\u0283-di:, although Cage himself said the title is \"Harpsichord\"), is a composition for harpsichord and computer-generated sounds by American avant-garde composers John Cage (1912\u20131992) and Lejaren Hiller (1924\u20131994). It was written between 1967 and 1969 and was premiered on May 16, 1969, at the Experimental Music Studios at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. As part of the commemoration events of the University of Illinois's one hundredth anniversary in 1967, Hiller, head of the computer music department at the time, invited Cage (then a Visiting Associate in the Center for Advanced Studies) to submit two works related to the field of computing technology and chance procedures. Together with a piece called \"Atlas Borealis with Ten Thunderclaps\", Cage submitted the idea for \"HPSCHD\", which had been commissioned by the Swiss harpsichord aficionado Antoinette Vischer. The long and complex compositional process also involved the technical assistance of Jim Cuomo, Laetitia Snow, James Grant Stroud, and Max Mathews. \"HPSCHD\" received its premiere performance before an audience of 6000 on May 16, 1969, at the Assembly Hall of Urbana Campus, University of Illinois. Conceived as a highly immersive multimedia experience, the performance featured David Tudor, Antoinette Vischer, William Brooks, Ronald Peters, Y\u016bji Takahashi, Neely Bruce and Philip Corner playing harpsichords whose sounds were captured and amplified; 208 tapes with computer-generated sounds played through 52 monaural tape players; and an array of movie and slide projectors used to project 6400 slides and 40 movies onto rectangular screens and a 340-foot circular screen.", "John Cage Day John Cage Day was the name given to several events held during 2012, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer John Cage. These events included John Cage Day at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, held on August 9, 2012, John Cage Day at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall, London, on August 17, 2012, and John Cage Day at Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, Australia, coinciding with Cage's birthday on September 5, 2012. The organizer of the latter event, composer and performer Stephen Whittington, has proposed that September 5 annually celebrated globally as John Cage Day.", "Cheap Imitation Cheap Imitation is a piece for solo piano by John Cage, composed in 1969. It is an indeterminate piece created using the \"I Ching\" and based, rhythmically, on \"Socrate\" by Erik Satie. Like numerous other works by Cage, \"Cheap Imitation\" was a result of his collaboration with Merce Cunningham's dance company. However, in this case the original choreography relied not on Cage's music, but on a piano arrangement of Erik Satie's symphonic drama \"Socrate\". In 1947 Cunningham choreographed a dance based on the first movement of Satie's work, and Cage provided a two-piano transcription of the music (since Cunningham's dances were usually accompanied by piano only). In 1968 it was decided to expand the choreography by two movements, based on the remaining two movements of the Satie work. Cage, who was at the time working on \"HPSCHD\", a large multimedia work, requested help of an acquaintance from the University of Illinois, Arthur Maddox, and together they completed a two-piano arrangement of the remaining two movements. The new choreography was to be premiered in early 1970. However, in December 1969 Cage received news from Satie's publisher, \u00c9ditions Max Eschig, that he had been refused the rights to perform the piece, although Eschig hadn't even requested to see the transcription. Because the choreography was based on the rhythms and structure of \"Socrate\", Cage could not simply compose a new piece of music. He decided to imitate Satie's work in a piano solo. Cage titled the result \"Cheap Imitation\", and Cunningham responded in kind, naming the choreography \"Second Hand\". \" Cheap Imitation\" became the last work Cage performed in public as a pianist: arthritis prevented him from doing any more performances.", "But what about the noise of crumpling paper which he used to do in order to paint the series of &quot;Papiers froiss\u00e9s&quot; or tearing up paper to make &quot;Papiers d\u00e9chir\u00e9s?&quot ; Arp was stimulated by water (sea, lake, and flowing waters like rivers), forests But what about the noise of crumpling paper which he used to do in order to paint the series of \"Papiers froiss\u00e9s\" or tearing up paper to make \"Papiers d\u00e9chir\u00e9s? \" Arp was stimulated by water (sea, lake, and flowing waters like rivers), forests, sometimes shortened as But what about the noise..., is a composition for percussion ensemble by American composer John Cage. It was finished in 1985. John Cage composed this piece as a way of celebrating the work of Jean Arp on the occasion of the centenary of his birth. Jean Arp, an artist in which John Cage found much inspiration in the period the piece was composed in, created paintings and collages, circa 1915\u20131930, including maneuvers of chance, like dropping cutouts of paper or strings and cementing them where they fell. John Cage attempted to recreate the spirit of simultaneity and subtlety of the works by Jean Arp. Its long title comes from one of the letters sent as response to one of John Cage's letters made by Greta Str\u00f6h, the director of the Arp Foundation at the time. Even though Cage's inspiration came through the works by Arp, the composition is dedicated to Les Percussions de Strasbourg.", "Moreover, Tudor received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts John Cage Award (1992). After a stint teaching at Darmstadt from 1956 to 1961, Tudor began to wind up his activities as a pianist to concentrate on composing. He wrote mostly electronic works, many commissioned by Cage's partner, choreographer Merce Cunningham. His homemade musical circuits are considered landmarks in live electronic music and electrical instrument building as a form of composition. One piece, \"Reunion\" (1968), written jointly with Lowell Cross features a chess game, where each move triggers a lighting effect or projection. At the premiere, the game was played between John Cage and Marcel Duchamp. \" Reunion\" is erroneously attributed to Cage in James Pritchett's book \"The Music Of John Cage\". In 1969, Tudor set up India's first electronic music studio at the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad. Upon Cage's death in 1992, Tudor took over as music director of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Among many works created for the company, Tudor composed \"Soundings: Ocean Diary\" (1994), the electronic component of \"Ocean\", which was conceived by John Cage and Merce Cunningham, with choreography by Merce Cunningham, orchestral music by Andrew Culver and design by Marsha Skinner. Tudor died in Tomkins Cove, New York at the age of 70. From 1951 until the late 1960s, Tudor (mainly as pianist) regularly performed the indeterminate work of John Cage. Throughout this time, \u201call of the music [Cage] composed\u201d, John Holzaepfel contends, \u201cwas written with one person in mind\u201d, and this person was Tudor. The culmination of this period were works that required a significant imprint of Tudor in performance. \""], "answer": {"text": "with fifty-two tapes of computer-generated sounds, 6,400 slides of designs, many supplied by NASA, and shown from sixty-four slide projectors, with forty motion-picture films.", "answer_start": 599}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "answer": {"text": "HPSCHD (1969), a gargantuan and long-running multimedia work made in collaboration with Lejaren Hiller, incorporated the mass superimposition of seven harpsichords playing", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received?", "answer": {"text": "five-hour performance at the University of Illinois in 1969, in which the audience arrived after the piece had begun and left before it ended,", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0ed1788fd7c4d0da279f5d306cc4a48_1_q#3", "question": "Did it have unusual rhythmic structure?", "rewrite": "Did HPSCHD by John Cage have unusual rhythmic structure?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Cage Day John Cage Day was the name given to several events held during 2012, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer John Cage. These events included John Cage Day at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, held on August 9, 2012, John Cage Day at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall, London, on August 17, 2012, and John Cage Day at Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, Australia, coinciding with Cage's birthday on September 5, 2012. The organizer of the latter event, composer and performer Stephen Whittington, has proposed that September 5 annually celebrated globally as John Cage Day.", "Moreover, Tudor received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts John Cage Award (1992). After a stint teaching at Darmstadt from 1956 to 1961, Tudor began to wind up his activities as a pianist to concentrate on composing. He wrote mostly electronic works, many commissioned by Cage's partner, choreographer Merce Cunningham. His homemade musical circuits are considered landmarks in live electronic music and electrical instrument building as a form of composition. One piece, \"Reunion\" (1968), written jointly with Lowell Cross features a chess game, where each move triggers a lighting effect or projection. At the premiere, the game was played between John Cage and Marcel Duchamp. \" Reunion\" is erroneously attributed to Cage in James Pritchett's book \"The Music Of John Cage\". In 1969, Tudor set up India's first electronic music studio at the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad. Upon Cage's death in 1992, Tudor took over as music director of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Among many works created for the company, Tudor composed \"Soundings: Ocean Diary\" (1994), the electronic component of \"Ocean\", which was conceived by John Cage and Merce Cunningham, with choreography by Merce Cunningham, orchestral music by Andrew Culver and design by Marsha Skinner. Tudor died in Tomkins Cove, New York at the age of 70. From 1951 until the late 1960s, Tudor (mainly as pianist) regularly performed the indeterminate work of John Cage. Throughout this time, \u201call of the music [Cage] composed\u201d, John Holzaepfel contends, \u201cwas written with one person in mind\u201d, and this person was Tudor. The culmination of this period were works that required a significant imprint of Tudor in performance. \"", "Cheap Imitation Cheap Imitation is a piece for solo piano by John Cage, composed in 1969. It is an indeterminate piece created using the \"I Ching\" and based, rhythmically, on \"Socrate\" by Erik Satie. Like numerous other works by Cage, \"Cheap Imitation\" was a result of his collaboration with Merce Cunningham's dance company. However, in this case the original choreography relied not on Cage's music, but on a piano arrangement of Erik Satie's symphonic drama \"Socrate\". In 1947 Cunningham choreographed a dance based on the first movement of Satie's work, and Cage provided a two-piano transcription of the music (since Cunningham's dances were usually accompanied by piano only). In 1968 it was decided to expand the choreography by two movements, based on the remaining two movements of the Satie work. Cage, who was at the time working on \"HPSCHD\", a large multimedia work, requested help of an acquaintance from the University of Illinois, Arthur Maddox, and together they completed a two-piano arrangement of the remaining two movements. The new choreography was to be premiered in early 1970. However, in December 1969 Cage received news from Satie's publisher, \u00c9ditions Max Eschig, that he had been refused the rights to perform the piece, although Eschig hadn't even requested to see the transcription. Because the choreography was based on the rhythms and structure of \"Socrate\", Cage could not simply compose a new piece of music. He decided to imitate Satie's work in a piano solo. Cage titled the result \"Cheap Imitation\", and Cunningham responded in kind, naming the choreography \"Second Hand\". \" Cheap Imitation\" became the last work Cage performed in public as a pianist: arthritis prevented him from doing any more performances.", "HPSCHD  HPSCHD (pronounced as initials: e\u026at\u0283-pi\u02d0-\u025bs -si\u02d0-e\u026at\u0283-di:, although Cage himself said the title is \"Harpsichord\"), is a composition for harpsichord and computer-generated sounds by American avant-garde composers John Cage (1912\u20131992) and Lejaren Hiller (1924\u20131994). It was written between 1967 and 1969 and was premiered on May 16, 1969, at the Experimental Music Studios at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. As part of the commemoration events of the University of Illinois's one hundredth anniversary in 1967, Hiller, head of the computer music department at the time, invited Cage (then a Visiting Associate in the Center for Advanced Studies) to submit two works related to the field of computing technology and chance procedures. Together with a piece called \"Atlas Borealis with Ten Thunderclaps\", Cage submitted the idea for \"HPSCHD\", which had been commissioned by the Swiss harpsichord aficionado Antoinette Vischer. The long and complex compositional process also involved the technical assistance of Jim Cuomo, Laetitia Snow, James Grant Stroud, and Max Mathews. \"HPSCHD\" received its premiere performance before an audience of 6000 on May 16, 1969, at the Assembly Hall of Urbana Campus, University of Illinois. Conceived as a highly immersive multimedia experience, the performance featured David Tudor, Antoinette Vischer, William Brooks, Ronald Peters, Y\u016bji Takahashi, Neely Bruce and Philip Corner playing harpsichords whose sounds were captured and amplified; 208 tapes with computer-generated sounds played through 52 monaural tape players; and an array of movie and slide projectors used to project 6400 slides and 40 movies onto rectangular screens and a 340-foot circular screen.", "Much of Hopkins's historical importance has to do with the changes he brought to the form of poetry, which ran contrary to conventional ideas of metre. Prior to Hopkins, most Middle English and Modern English poetry was based on a rhythmic structure inherited from the Norman side of English literary heritage. This structure is based on repeating \"feet\" of two or three syllables, with the stressed syllable falling in the same place on each repetition. Hopkins called this structure \"running rhythm\", and although he wrote some of his early verse in running rhythm, he became fascinated with the older rhythmic structure of the Anglo-Saxon tradition, of which \"Beowulf\" is the most famous example. Hopkins called his own rhythmic structure sprung rhythm. Sprung rhythm is structured around feet with a variable number of syllables, generally between one and four syllables per foot, with the stress always falling on the first syllable in a foot. It is similar to the \"rolling stresses\" of Robinson Jeffers, another poet who rejected conventional metre. Hopkins saw sprung rhythm as a way to escape the constraints of running rhythm, which he said inevitably pushed poetry written in it to become \"same and tame\". In this way, Hopkins sprung rhythm can be seen as anticipating much of free verse. His work has no great affinity with either of the contemporary Pre-Raphaelite and neo-romanticism schools, although he does share their descriptive love of nature and he is often seen as a precursor to modernist poetry, or as a bridge between the two poetic eras. The language of Hopkins's poems is often striking. His imagery can be simple, as in \"Heaven-Haven\", where the comparison is between a nun entering a convent and a ship entering a harbour out of a storm."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "answer": {"text": "HPSCHD (1969), a gargantuan and long-running multimedia work made in collaboration with Lejaren Hiller, incorporated the mass superimposition of seven harpsichords playing", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received?", "answer": {"text": "five-hour performance at the University of Illinois in 1969, in which the audience arrived after the piece had begun and left before it ended,", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anything unusual about it?", "answer": {"text": "with fifty-two tapes of computer-generated sounds, 6,400 slides of designs, many supplied by NASA, and shown from sixty-four slide projectors, with forty motion-picture films.", "answer_start": 599, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0ed1788fd7c4d0da279f5d306cc4a48_1_q#4", "question": "Where there any special artists involved?", "rewrite": "Where there any special artists involved with HPSCHD by John Cage?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Cheap Imitation Cheap Imitation is a piece for solo piano by John Cage, composed in 1969. It is an indeterminate piece created using the \"I Ching\" and based, rhythmically, on \"Socrate\" by Erik Satie. Like numerous other works by Cage, \"Cheap Imitation\" was a result of his collaboration with Merce Cunningham's dance company. However, in this case the original choreography relied not on Cage's music, but on a piano arrangement of Erik Satie's symphonic drama \"Socrate\". In 1947 Cunningham choreographed a dance based on the first movement of Satie's work, and Cage provided a two-piano transcription of the music (since Cunningham's dances were usually accompanied by piano only). In 1968 it was decided to expand the choreography by two movements, based on the remaining two movements of the Satie work. Cage, who was at the time working on \"HPSCHD\", a large multimedia work, requested help of an acquaintance from the University of Illinois, Arthur Maddox, and together they completed a two-piano arrangement of the remaining two movements. The new choreography was to be premiered in early 1970. However, in December 1969 Cage received news from Satie's publisher, \u00c9ditions Max Eschig, that he had been refused the rights to perform the piece, although Eschig hadn't even requested to see the transcription. Because the choreography was based on the rhythms and structure of \"Socrate\", Cage could not simply compose a new piece of music. He decided to imitate Satie's work in a piano solo. Cage titled the result \"Cheap Imitation\", and Cunningham responded in kind, naming the choreography \"Second Hand\". \" Cheap Imitation\" became the last work Cage performed in public as a pianist: arthritis prevented him from doing any more performances.", "Moreover, Tudor received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts John Cage Award (1992). After a stint teaching at Darmstadt from 1956 to 1961, Tudor began to wind up his activities as a pianist to concentrate on composing. He wrote mostly electronic works, many commissioned by Cage's partner, choreographer Merce Cunningham. His homemade musical circuits are considered landmarks in live electronic music and electrical instrument building as a form of composition. One piece, \"Reunion\" (1968), written jointly with Lowell Cross features a chess game, where each move triggers a lighting effect or projection. At the premiere, the game was played between John Cage and Marcel Duchamp. \" Reunion\" is erroneously attributed to Cage in James Pritchett's book \"The Music Of John Cage\". In 1969, Tudor set up India's first electronic music studio at the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad. Upon Cage's death in 1992, Tudor took over as music director of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Among many works created for the company, Tudor composed \"Soundings: Ocean Diary\" (1994), the electronic component of \"Ocean\", which was conceived by John Cage and Merce Cunningham, with choreography by Merce Cunningham, orchestral music by Andrew Culver and design by Marsha Skinner. Tudor died in Tomkins Cove, New York at the age of 70. From 1951 until the late 1960s, Tudor (mainly as pianist) regularly performed the indeterminate work of John Cage. Throughout this time, \u201call of the music [Cage] composed\u201d, John Holzaepfel contends, \u201cwas written with one person in mind\u201d, and this person was Tudor. The culmination of this period were works that required a significant imprint of Tudor in performance. \"", "Andrea Romano (voice director) Andrea Romano (born December 3, 1955) is an American retired casting director, voice director, and voice actress whose work includes \"\", \"Tiny Toon Adventures\", \"Animaniacs\", \"Freakazoid\", \"Pinky and the Brain\", \"Teen Titans\", \"\", \"The Legend of Korra\", \"Static Shock\", \"Justice League\", \"Justice League Unlimited\", \"Batman Beyond\", \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" and multiple Warner Bros. Animation/DC Comics direct-to-video films including: \"Wonder Woman\" and \"\". Her voice acting, as of 2010, consists of minor roles in television series, direct-to-video films, and video games. She was born in 1955. Romano grew up in Long Island, New York. Her parents are of Italian descent. She pursued undergraduate education at State University of New York at Fredonia, graduating in 1977, before attending Rutgers University. She dropped out before finishing. At this time, she began auditioning for plays in Manhattan. While keeping a steady job during the day, Romano would perform in plays at night, often auditioning on her lunch break. In 1979, Romano moved to San Diego, where it was difficult for her to find theater work. After working in a couple of plays, she was offered a temporary position at Abrams-Rubaloff, a talent agency in Los Angeles. Within months, due to the temporary position lasting longer than expected, Romano was franchised as an agent. After leaving Abrams-Rubaloff, Romano joined Special Artists, a smaller agency, and began their voice-over department. While at Special Artists, she would also direct the potential client auditions. It was during her time at Special Artists that Romano began attending some of her clients' recording sessions at Hanna\u2013Barbera.", "John Cage Day John Cage Day was the name given to several events held during 2012, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer John Cage. These events included John Cage Day at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, held on August 9, 2012, John Cage Day at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall, London, on August 17, 2012, and John Cage Day at Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, Australia, coinciding with Cage's birthday on September 5, 2012. The organizer of the latter event, composer and performer Stephen Whittington, has proposed that September 5 annually celebrated globally as John Cage Day.", "HPSCHD  HPSCHD (pronounced as initials: e\u026at\u0283-pi\u02d0-\u025bs -si\u02d0-e\u026at\u0283-di:, although Cage himself said the title is \"Harpsichord\"), is a composition for harpsichord and computer-generated sounds by American avant-garde composers John Cage (1912\u20131992) and Lejaren Hiller (1924\u20131994). It was written between 1967 and 1969 and was premiered on May 16, 1969, at the Experimental Music Studios at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. As part of the commemoration events of the University of Illinois's one hundredth anniversary in 1967, Hiller, head of the computer music department at the time, invited Cage (then a Visiting Associate in the Center for Advanced Studies) to submit two works related to the field of computing technology and chance procedures. Together with a piece called \"Atlas Borealis with Ten Thunderclaps\", Cage submitted the idea for \"HPSCHD\", which had been commissioned by the Swiss harpsichord aficionado Antoinette Vischer. The long and complex compositional process also involved the technical assistance of Jim Cuomo, Laetitia Snow, James Grant Stroud, and Max Mathews. \"HPSCHD\" received its premiere performance before an audience of 6000 on May 16, 1969, at the Assembly Hall of Urbana Campus, University of Illinois. Conceived as a highly immersive multimedia experience, the performance featured David Tudor, Antoinette Vischer, William Brooks, Ronald Peters, Y\u016bji Takahashi, Neely Bruce and Philip Corner playing harpsichords whose sounds were captured and amplified; 208 tapes with computer-generated sounds played through 52 monaural tape players; and an array of movie and slide projectors used to project 6400 slides and 40 movies onto rectangular screens and a 340-foot circular screen."], "answer": {"text": "excerpts from the works of Cage, Hiller, and a potted history of canonical classics,", "answer_start": 514}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "answer": {"text": "HPSCHD (1969), a gargantuan and long-running multimedia work made in collaboration with Lejaren Hiller, incorporated the mass superimposition of seven harpsichords playing", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received?", "answer": {"text": "five-hour performance at the University of Illinois in 1969, in which the audience arrived after the piece had begun and left before it ended,", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anything unusual about it?", "answer": {"text": "with fifty-two tapes of computer-generated sounds, 6,400 slides of designs, many supplied by NASA, and shown from sixty-four slide projectors, with forty motion-picture films.", "answer_start": 599, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have unusual rhythmic structure?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0ed1788fd7c4d0da279f5d306cc4a48_1_q#5", "question": "Did he have other early works?", "rewrite": "Aside from HPSCHD, did John Cage have other early works?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Moreover, Tudor received a Foundation for Contemporary Arts John Cage Award (1992). After a stint teaching at Darmstadt from 1956 to 1961, Tudor began to wind up his activities as a pianist to concentrate on composing. He wrote mostly electronic works, many commissioned by Cage's partner, choreographer Merce Cunningham. His homemade musical circuits are considered landmarks in live electronic music and electrical instrument building as a form of composition. One piece, \"Reunion\" (1968), written jointly with Lowell Cross features a chess game, where each move triggers a lighting effect or projection. At the premiere, the game was played between John Cage and Marcel Duchamp. \" Reunion\" is erroneously attributed to Cage in James Pritchett's book \"The Music Of John Cage\". In 1969, Tudor set up India's first electronic music studio at the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad. Upon Cage's death in 1992, Tudor took over as music director of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company. Among many works created for the company, Tudor composed \"Soundings: Ocean Diary\" (1994), the electronic component of \"Ocean\", which was conceived by John Cage and Merce Cunningham, with choreography by Merce Cunningham, orchestral music by Andrew Culver and design by Marsha Skinner. Tudor died in Tomkins Cove, New York at the age of 70. From 1951 until the late 1960s, Tudor (mainly as pianist) regularly performed the indeterminate work of John Cage. Throughout this time, \u201call of the music [Cage] composed\u201d, John Holzaepfel contends, \u201cwas written with one person in mind\u201d, and this person was Tudor. The culmination of this period were works that required a significant imprint of Tudor in performance. \"", "HPSCHD  HPSCHD (pronounced as initials: e\u026at\u0283-pi\u02d0-\u025bs -si\u02d0-e\u026at\u0283-di:, although Cage himself said the title is \"Harpsichord\"), is a composition for harpsichord and computer-generated sounds by American avant-garde composers John Cage (1912\u20131992) and Lejaren Hiller (1924\u20131994). It was written between 1967 and 1969 and was premiered on May 16, 1969, at the Experimental Music Studios at the University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign. As part of the commemoration events of the University of Illinois's one hundredth anniversary in 1967, Hiller, head of the computer music department at the time, invited Cage (then a Visiting Associate in the Center for Advanced Studies) to submit two works related to the field of computing technology and chance procedures. Together with a piece called \"Atlas Borealis with Ten Thunderclaps\", Cage submitted the idea for \"HPSCHD\", which had been commissioned by the Swiss harpsichord aficionado Antoinette Vischer. The long and complex compositional process also involved the technical assistance of Jim Cuomo, Laetitia Snow, James Grant Stroud, and Max Mathews. \"HPSCHD\" received its premiere performance before an audience of 6000 on May 16, 1969, at the Assembly Hall of Urbana Campus, University of Illinois. Conceived as a highly immersive multimedia experience, the performance featured David Tudor, Antoinette Vischer, William Brooks, Ronald Peters, Y\u016bji Takahashi, Neely Bruce and Philip Corner playing harpsichords whose sounds were captured and amplified; 208 tapes with computer-generated sounds played through 52 monaural tape players; and an array of movie and slide projectors used to project 6400 slides and 40 movies onto rectangular screens and a 340-foot circular screen.", "Cheap Imitation Cheap Imitation is a piece for solo piano by John Cage, composed in 1969. It is an indeterminate piece created using the \"I Ching\" and based, rhythmically, on \"Socrate\" by Erik Satie. Like numerous other works by Cage, \"Cheap Imitation\" was a result of his collaboration with Merce Cunningham's dance company. However, in this case the original choreography relied not on Cage's music, but on a piano arrangement of Erik Satie's symphonic drama \"Socrate\". In 1947 Cunningham choreographed a dance based on the first movement of Satie's work, and Cage provided a two-piano transcription of the music (since Cunningham's dances were usually accompanied by piano only). In 1968 it was decided to expand the choreography by two movements, based on the remaining two movements of the Satie work. Cage, who was at the time working on \"HPSCHD\", a large multimedia work, requested help of an acquaintance from the University of Illinois, Arthur Maddox, and together they completed a two-piano arrangement of the remaining two movements. The new choreography was to be premiered in early 1970. However, in December 1969 Cage received news from Satie's publisher, \u00c9ditions Max Eschig, that he had been refused the rights to perform the piece, although Eschig hadn't even requested to see the transcription. Because the choreography was based on the rhythms and structure of \"Socrate\", Cage could not simply compose a new piece of music. He decided to imitate Satie's work in a piano solo. Cage titled the result \"Cheap Imitation\", and Cunningham responded in kind, naming the choreography \"Second Hand\". \" Cheap Imitation\" became the last work Cage performed in public as a pianist: arthritis prevented him from doing any more performances.", "Works for prepared piano by John Cage American avant-garde composer John Cage (1912\u20131992) started composing pieces for solo prepared piano around 1938\u201340. The majority of early works for this instrument were created to accompany dances by Cage's various collaborators, most frequently Merce Cunningham. In response to frequent criticisms of prepared piano, Cage cited numerous predecessors (such as Henry Cowell). In the liner notes for the very first recording of his most highly acclaimed work for prepared piano, \"Sonatas and Interludes\", Cage wrote: \"Composing for the prepared piano is not a criticism of the instrument. I'm only being practical. \" This article presents a complete list of Cage's works for prepared piano, with comments on each composition. All of Cage's indeterminate works for unspecified forces (the Variations series, Fontana Mix, Cartridge Music, etc.) can also be performed on or with Prepared Piano. In interviews conducted in 1974 and 1982, Cage specified that this piece was composed in 1938. However, the manuscript used for Edition Peters' edition of \"Bacchanale\" specified 1940 as the date, and this has been used by numerous scholars since. The circumstances of the piece's composition are much more clear: it was created for a choreography by the American dancer Syvilla Fort. Cage and Fort were both working at the Cornish School in Seattle, Washington at the time. The room where the dance was to be performed was not large enough to allow for a percussion ensemble, but had enough space for a grand piano. Cage decided to try placing various objects on the strings of the instrument in order to produce percussive sounds, inspired by Henry Cowell's experiments with extended piano techniques. In 1982 Cage mentioned that the whole piece was completed in just three days. Twelve notes are prepared, mostly using weather strippings.", "John Cage Day John Cage Day was the name given to several events held during 2012, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of the composer John Cage. These events included John Cage Day at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, held on August 9, 2012, John Cage Day at The Proms in the Royal Albert Hall, London, on August 17, 2012, and John Cage Day at Elder Hall, University of Adelaide, Australia, coinciding with Cage's birthday on September 5, 2012. The organizer of the latter event, composer and performer Stephen Whittington, has proposed that September 5 annually celebrated globally as John Cage Day."], "answer": {"text": "Also in 1969, Cage produced the first fully notated work in years: Cheap Imitation for piano.", "answer_start": 1034}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "answer": {"text": "HPSCHD (1969), a gargantuan and long-running multimedia work made in collaboration with Lejaren Hiller, incorporated the mass superimposition of seven harpsichords playing", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received?", "answer": {"text": "five-hour performance at the University of Illinois in 1969, in which the audience arrived after the piece had begun and left before it ended,", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anything unusual about it?", "answer": {"text": "with fifty-two tapes of computer-generated sounds, 6,400 slides of designs, many supplied by NASA, and shown from sixty-four slide projectors, with forty motion-picture films.", "answer_start": 599, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have unusual rhythmic structure?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where there any special artists involved?", "answer": {"text": "excerpts from the works of Cage, Hiller, and a potted history of canonical classics,", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a0ed1788fd7c4d0da279f5d306cc4a48_1_q#6", "question": "What artists were involved in this production?", "rewrite": "What artists were involved in \"Cheap Imitation For Piano\" by John Cage?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nevertheless, even though his hands were painfully swollen, he still played it during the 1970s. Cage grew more and more fascinated with the piece, producing transcriptions for orchestra of a minimum of 24 performers and a maximum of 95 (1972) and for solo violin (1977) at the request of the violinist Paul Zukofsky (who in 1989\u201390 also assisted Cage in completing the \"Freeman Etudes\", which had been started in 1977\u201380). The orchestral versions, however, were not performed until much later, because the musicians refused to rehearse and would subsequently discover the piece was too difficult for them. \"Cheap Imitation\" became something of a departure for Cage, because it was his first \"proper\" composition, in the old sense of the word, since 1962. Furthermore, the open declaration of Cage's own feelings (about Satie's work) was something very unusual for his work, which was, since the late 1940s, almost entirely impersonal. Cage himself was well aware of the contradiction between the rest of his works and \"Cheap Imitation\": In the rest of my work, I'm in harmony with myself [...] But \"Cheap Imitation\" clearly takes me away from all that. So if my ideas sink into confusion, I owe that confusion to love. [...] Obviously, \"Cheap Imitation\" lies outside of what may seem necessary in my work in general, and that's disturbing. I\u2019m the first to be disturbed by it. Cage's fondness for the work resulted in a recording of him performing it, made in 1976\u2014a rare occurrence, given Cage's negative attitude to recordings. \"Cheap Imitation\" is a piece in three parts. It consists almost exclusively of a single melodic line, with occasional doublings.", "Cheap Imitation Cheap Imitation is a piece for solo piano by John Cage, composed in 1969. It is an indeterminate piece created using the \"I Ching\" and based, rhythmically, on \"Socrate\" by Erik Satie. Like numerous other works by Cage, \"Cheap Imitation\" was a result of his collaboration with Merce Cunningham's dance company. However, in this case the original choreography relied not on Cage's music, but on a piano arrangement of Erik Satie's symphonic drama \"Socrate\". In 1947 Cunningham choreographed a dance based on the first movement of Satie's work, and Cage provided a two-piano transcription of the music (since Cunningham's dances were usually accompanied by piano only). In 1968 it was decided to expand the choreography by two movements, based on the remaining two movements of the Satie work. Cage, who was at the time working on \"HPSCHD\", a large multimedia work, requested help of an acquaintance from the University of Illinois, Arthur Maddox, and together they completed a two-piano arrangement of the remaining two movements. The new choreography was to be premiered in early 1970. However, in December 1969 Cage received news from Satie's publisher, \u00c9ditions Max Eschig, that he had been refused the rights to perform the piece, although Eschig hadn't even requested to see the transcription. Because the choreography was based on the rhythms and structure of \"Socrate\", Cage could not simply compose a new piece of music. He decided to imitate Satie's work in a piano solo. Cage titled the result \"Cheap Imitation\", and Cunningham responded in kind, naming the choreography \"Second Hand\". \" Cheap Imitation\" became the last work Cage performed in public as a pianist: arthritis prevented him from doing any more performances.", "\"Suite for Five\" (1956\u20131958) Music: John Cage, Music for Piano Costumes: Robert Rauschenberg Lighting: Beverly Emmons \"Crises\" (1960) Music: Conlon Nancarrow (from Rhythm Studies for Player Piano) Costumes, Lighting: Robert Rauschenberg \"Rainforest\" (1968) Music: David Tudor D\u00e9cor: Andy Warhol (Silver Clouds) Costumes: Jasper Johns (uncredited) Lighting: Richard Nelson \"Second Hand\" (1970) Music: John Cage, (Cheap Imitation) D\u00e9cor & Costumes: Jasper Johns Lighting: Richard Nelson (1970) Christine Shallenberg (2008) \"Sounddance\" (1975) Music: David Tudor, Toneburst & Untitled (1975/1994) D\u00e9cor, Lighting, Costumes: Mark Lancaster \"Fabrications\" (1987) Music: Emanuel Dimas de Melo Pimenta, Short Waves & SBbr D\u00e9cor, Costumes: Dove Bradshaw Lighting: Josh Johnson \"CRWDSPCR\" (1993) Music: John King, blues 99 D\u00e9cor, Lighting, Costumes: Mark Lancaster \"Ocean\" (1994) Music: David Tudor,Soundings: Ocean Diary and Andrew Culver, Ocean 1\u201395 D\u00e9cor, Lighting, Costumes: Marsha Skinner \"BIPED\" (1999) Music: Gavin Bryars, Biped D\u00e9cor: Paul Kaiser, Shelley Eshkar Costumes: Suzanne Gallo Lighting: Aaron Copp \"Split Sides\" (2003) Music: Radiohead, Sigur R\u00f3s D\u00e9cor: Robert Heishman, Catherine Yass Costumes: James Hall Lighting: James F. Ingalls \"Views on Stage\" (2004) Music: John Cage, ASLSP and Music for Two D\u00e9cor: Ernesto Neto, Other Animal Costumes: James Hall Lighting: Josh Johnson \"eyeSpace\" (2006) Music: Mikel Rouse, International Cloud Atlas D\u00e9cor:", "Cage's fondness for the piece resulted in a recording--a rare occurrence, since Cage disliked making recordings of his music--made in 1976. Overall, Cheap Imitation marked a major change in Cage's music: he turned again to writing fully notated works for traditional instruments, and tried out several new approaches, such as improvisation, which he previously discouraged, but was able to use in works from the 1970s, such as Child of Tree (1975). Cheap Imitation became the last work Cage performed in public himself. Arthritis had troubled Cage since 1960, and by the early 1970s his hands were painfully swollen and rendered him unable to perform. Nevertheless, he still played Cheap Imitation during the 1970s, before finally having to give up performing. Preparing manuscripts also became difficult: before, published versions of pieces were done in Cage's calligraphic script; now, manuscripts for publication had to be completed by assistants. Matters were complicated further by David Tudor's departure from performing, which happened in early 1970s. Tudor decided to concentrate on composition instead, and so Cage, for the first time in two decades, had to start relying on commissions from other performers, and their respective abilities. Such performers included Grete Sultan, Paul Zukofsky, Margaret Leng Tan, and many others. Aside from music, Cage continued writing books of prose and poetry (mesostics). M was first published by Wesleyan University Press in 1973. In January 1978 Cage was invited by Kathan Brown of Crown Point Press to engage in printmaking, and Cage would go on to produce series of prints every year until his death; these, together with some late watercolors, constitute the largest portion of his extant visual art. In 1979 Cage's Empty Words was first published by Wesleyan University Press.", "Cage's fondness for the piece resulted in a recording--a rare occurrence, since Cage disliked making recordings of his music--made in 1976. Overall, Cheap Imitation marked a major change in Cage's music: he turned again to writing fully notated works for traditional instruments, and tried out several new approaches, such as improvisation, which he previously discouraged, but was able to use in works from the 1970s, such as Child of Tree (1975). Cheap Imitation became the last work Cage performed in public himself. Arthritis had troubled Cage since 1960, and by the early 1970s his hands were painfully swollen and rendered him unable to perform. Nevertheless, he still played Cheap Imitation during the 1970s, before finally having to give up performing. Preparing manuscripts also became difficult: before, published versions of pieces were done in Cage's calligraphic script; now, manuscripts for publication had to be completed by assistants. Matters were complicated further by David Tudor's departure from performing, which happened in early 1970s. Tudor decided to concentrate on composition instead, and so Cage, for the first time in two decades, had to start relying on commissions from other performers, and their respective abilities. Such performers included Grete Sultan, Paul Zukofsky, Margaret Leng Tan, and many others. Aside from music, Cage continued writing books of prose and poetry (mesostics). M was first published by Wesleyan University Press in 1973. In January 1978 Cage was invited by Kathan Brown of Crown Point Press to engage in printmaking, and Cage would go on to produce series of prints every year until his death; these, together with some late watercolors, constitute the largest portion of his extant visual art. In 1979 Cage's Empty Words was first published by Wesleyan University Press."], "answer": {"text": "reworking of Erik Satie's Socrate,", "answer_start": 1161}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was John Cage's earliest work?", "answer": {"text": "HPSCHD (1969), a gargantuan and long-running multimedia work made in collaboration with Lejaren Hiller, incorporated the mass superimposition of seven harpsichords playing", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received?", "answer": {"text": "five-hour performance at the University of Illinois in 1969, in which the audience arrived after the piece had begun and left before it ended,", "answer_start": 813, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was anything unusual about it?", "answer": {"text": "with fifty-two tapes of computer-generated sounds, 6,400 slides of designs, many supplied by NASA, and shown from sixty-four slide projectors, with forty motion-picture films.", "answer_start": 599, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it have unusual rhythmic structure?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where there any special artists involved?", "answer": {"text": "excerpts from the works of Cage, Hiller, and a potted history of canonical classics,", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have other early works?", "answer": {"text": "Also in 1969, Cage produced the first fully notated work in years: Cheap Imitation for piano.", "answer_start": 1034, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#0", "question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "rewrite": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Tahaan  Tahaan \u2013 A Boy With a Grenade is an Indian Hindi-language drama film by Santosh Sivan. The film is based on the life of a young boy and his pet donkey. It is a fable-like journey of the eponymous eight-year-old boy, whose life revolves around the pursuit to find real purpose in his little world. The film stars Purav Bhandare as the young boy. Anupam Kher, Sarika, Rahul Bose, Rahul Khanna and Victor Banerjee form the rest of the cast. It was filmed on location in Jammu and Kashmir. After salvaging money using various means, Tahaan reaches the moneylender to reclaim Birbal. He is told that old Subhan Dar (Anupam Kher) bought the donkey and went across the mountains in which Tahaan's father went missing. Gathering courage, Tahaan goes in search of the old man. He finds him and he follows Subhan and his assistant Zafar (Rahul Bose) and their mule train, leading Birbal despite their protests. Although Subhan promises to return Birbal to Tahaan if he can win a race against the incompetent Zafar when he wins Subhan refuses to give him Birbal. Instead, Subhan gives the donkey to his eight-year-old nephew. Zafar tries to give Tahaan his sunglasses as a replacement for the donkey, but Tahaan will not accept the gift. On his way back home, Tahaan encounters Idrees, a teenager who discourages him, saying that his efforts will not be sufficient to get Birbal back. Instead, he suggests to do him a favour. Tahaan is asked to take a package across the mountains in his onward journey.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#1", "question": "What he a activist?", "rewrite": "Was Rahul Bose an activist?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Dil Kabaddi Dil Kabaddi is an Indian Hindi film directed by debutante Anil Sharma. The film stars Irrfan Khan, Rahul Bose, Konkona Sen Sharma, Soha Ali Khan, Payal Rohatgi, Rahul Khanna and special appearance by Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The movie follows the same plot as Woody Allen's \"Husbands and Wives\". Set in contemporary Mumbai, the movie takes a close look at the evolving equations among urban couples and paints the metamorphosis amongst the relationships with a comic stroke. The film tracks the lives of two modern-day married couples \u2014 Samit (Irrfan Khan) and Mita (Soha Ali Khan); Rishi (Rahul Bose) and Simi (Konkona Sen Sharma) \u2014 caught in web of boredom, loss of love and temptation. The film starts with an announcement by Samit and Mita of their separation and follows the moral muddles and emotional crises of the couples over the next year and a half \u2014 as friends fight, separate, take lovers and, in a way, reconcile. Popular song from the movie titled \"Ehsaan\" was a copy from a Chicago-based underground band, Ghom. Ghom's original track, titled \"Ehsaas\", written by lead singer Azhar Mohammad and produced by Haaris Haroon, was uploaded to YouTube on 21 November 2007. Through inquiry it was noted that Sachin Gupta had listened to this track on YouTube, where the melody of the song was copied. The loyalty of this track was never honored to the original owners. The music for all the songs were composed by Sachin Gupta & Dhruv Dhalla and lyrics were penned by Virag Mishra.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata."], "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#2", "question": "Did he assist in any other efforts?", "rewrite": "Did Rahul Bose assist in any other efforts, besides assisting in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 boxing day tsunami?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Havelock Island Havelock Island, officially Swaraj Island, is the one of the largest islands that comprise a chain of islands to the east of Great Andaman in the Andaman Islands. It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island is northeast of the capital city, Port Blair. Havelock Island is named after a British general, Sir Henry Havelock, who served in India. In December 2018, it was renamed as Swaraj Island as a tribute to Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose had hoisted the Indian flag at Port Blair on 30 December 1943 and proclaimed the Andaman and Nicobar Islands as territories liberated from British rule. He had subsequently named Andaman Island as Shaheed and Nicobar Island as Swaraj. Havelock is one of the few places that the administration of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory of India has permitted and encouraged development of tourism, with a focus on promoting eco-tourism. Havelock Island avoided much of the devastation by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and its resulting tsunami and there were no documented casualties. There is a lighthouse at the northern point of the island, near Govinda Nagar, established in 2005. On 30 December 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that Havelock Island would be renamed as Swaraj Island. The island belongs to the Ritchie's Archipelago and is located between Peel Island and Neill Island. Politically, Havelock Island is part of Port Blair \"taluk\". The island's current population of 6,351 consists of mainly Bengali settlers. Many of these settlers have East Bengali origin as these people were given settlement by the Indian government after the Partition of India in 1947.", "Operation Sea Waves  Operation \"Sea Waves\" was a disaster relief operation undertaken by the Indian Armed Forces in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. \" Sea Waves\" was focused on rescue and relief efforts on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. A similar effort, Operation Madad, was launched to focus on disaster relief on the Indian mainland states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. On 26 December 2004 starting at 00:58:53 UTC, a massive earthquake measuring between 9.1 and 9.3 on the moment magnitude scale occurred off the West coast of Sumatra. The earthquake resulted in a devastating series of tsunamis along most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean. With waves up to 30 meters high, the tsunami killed over 230,000 people and inundated most coastal communities in the affected areas. The tsunami made landfall on the east coast of India about 90 minutes later. An estimated 18,045 people were killed in India, with at least 12,405 confirmed dead, mainly in the southeastern states of Tamil Nadu and on the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. At least 5,000 people were reported missing and over 600,000 people had their homes destroyed and were displaced by the tsunami in India. On the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, the most severe damage occurred on the southern Nicobar islands. The Indian Air Force (IAF) base on Car Nicobar was one of the worst hit. The staff quarters for the air base, which were right on the waterfront, took the brunt of the tsunami head on. Among the casualties were a number of IAF personnel and their families and children. The immediate challenge for the IAF staff was to mount a relief and rescue operation using available aircraft, as well as to rehabilitate the runway and the supporting flight infrastructure to enable relief flights to land, while dealing with the loss of their families, friends and colleagues.", "Besides that, a 10 m (33 ft) black muddy tsunami ravaged the city of Karaikal, where 492 lives were lost. The city of Pondicherry, protected by seawalls was relatively unscathed. Many villages in the state of Andhra Pradesh were destroyed. In the Krishna district, the tsunami created havoc in Manginapudi and on Machalipattanam Beach. The most affected was Prakasham District, recording 35 deaths, with maximum damage at Singraikonda. Given the enormous power of the tsunami, the fishing industry suffered the greatest. Moreover, the cost of damage in the transport sector was reported in the tens of thousands. The tsunami effects varied greatly across different coastal areas according to the number of waves experienced, the inundation distance and height of waves, and the population density of the area, and topological and geographical features. Besides these factors, the number of lives lost was influenced by exposure to previous disasters and the local disaster management capability. Most of the people killed were members of the fishing community. The tsunami arrived in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands minutes after the earthquake causing extensive devastation to the islands' environment. Specifically, the Andaman Islands were moderately affected while the island of Little Andaman and the Nicobar Islands were severely affected by the tsunami. The tsunami survey was carried out in Little Andaman, South Andaman, mainly in and around Port Blair, Car Nicobar along the Kankana-Mus sector, and Great Nicobar. In South Andaman, based on local eyewitnesses, there were three tsunami waves. Of the three, the third was the most devastating. Flooding occurred at the coastlines of the islands and low-lying areas inland, connected to open sea through creeks.", "Tourism in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands  Tourism in Andaman and Nicobar Islands relates to tourism in union territory of India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Andamans are an archipelago of over 570 tropical islands, of which only 36 are inhabited. Radhanagar beach at Havelock Island was bestowed with the title of \u2018Asia\u2019s Best Beach\u2019 in 2004 by the TIME magazine. It is also listed as world\u2019s 7th most spectacular beach on Time magazine list. Tourism is a major industry in Andaman. The bulk of the revenue earned by the government of Andaman and Nicobar is through the tourism industry. In 2008 total 136,426 tourists visited Andaman and Nicobar. Growing sectors in tourism and potential area of investment are water sports and adventure tourism including trekking, island camping, snorkeling and scuba diving. Sea aquarium, water theme park, wave surfing, marina yacht, convention centre, health resorts, sanctuaries, national park, inter-island cruise liner. Andaman and Nicobar has approximately 86 percent of forest area of its total land. The forests constitute an integral wing of the natural resource of Andaman and Nicobar and it houses 96 Sanctuaries and 9 National Parks. The primary sanctuaries that form a part of the natural resources of Andaman and Nicobar islands are Narcondum Hornbill Sanctuary, which protects hornbills; Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, which features a large variety of aquatic creatures; Nicobar Pigeon Sanctuary; South Sentinel Island Sanctuary, offering giant robber crabs; and North Reef Sanctuary, which is principally dedicated to the nurturing of a variety of water birds. Following are the major tourist attractions in Andaman and Nicobar islands. The Cellular Jail, also known as K\u0101l\u0101 P\u0101n\u012b (Black Water), was a colonial prison.", "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation. The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India. He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education. In addition, he became the first Indian Oxfam global ambassador in 2007. He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs. He is also an ambassador for the American India Foundation, the World Youth Peace Movement and Planet Alert. He was also a vocal proponent of Narmada Bachao Andolan and its efforts to halt the construction of the Narmada dam. He also recorded the Terre des hommes audio book Goodgoodi karna, gale lagana; Sparsh ke niyam sikhiye (English: Tickle and hugs: Learning the touching rules), which is designed to give children resources against sexual abuse. Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit. In 2009, he toured Canada lecturing on global climate change under the auspices of Climate Action Network and demonstrated with protesters at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit. In 2011, he worked in conjunction with Bhaichung Bhutia to raise funds for victims of the Sikkim earthquake. At the 8th convocation of BRAC University Bangladesh on 17 February 2013, Bose delivered the convocation speech."], "answer": {"text": "As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 106}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What he a activist?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#3", "question": "In what year did this happen?", "rewrite": "In what year did Rahul Bose launch the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation. The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India. He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education. In addition, he became the first Indian Oxfam global ambassador in 2007. He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs. He is also an ambassador for the American India Foundation, the World Youth Peace Movement and Planet Alert. He was also a vocal proponent of Narmada Bachao Andolan and its efforts to halt the construction of the Narmada dam. He also recorded the Terre des hommes audio book Goodgoodi karna, gale lagana; Sparsh ke niyam sikhiye (English: Tickle and hugs: Learning the touching rules), which is designed to give children resources against sexual abuse. Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit. In 2009, he toured Canada lecturing on global climate change under the auspices of Climate Action Network and demonstrated with protesters at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit. In 2011, he worked in conjunction with Bhaichung Bhutia to raise funds for victims of the Sikkim earthquake. At the 8th convocation of BRAC University Bangladesh on 17 February 2013, Bose delivered the convocation speech.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Tourism in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands  Tourism in Andaman and Nicobar Islands relates to tourism in union territory of India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Andamans are an archipelago of over 570 tropical islands, of which only 36 are inhabited. Radhanagar beach at Havelock Island was bestowed with the title of \u2018Asia\u2019s Best Beach\u2019 in 2004 by the TIME magazine. It is also listed as world\u2019s 7th most spectacular beach on Time magazine list. Tourism is a major industry in Andaman. The bulk of the revenue earned by the government of Andaman and Nicobar is through the tourism industry. In 2008 total 136,426 tourists visited Andaman and Nicobar. Growing sectors in tourism and potential area of investment are water sports and adventure tourism including trekking, island camping, snorkeling and scuba diving. Sea aquarium, water theme park, wave surfing, marina yacht, convention centre, health resorts, sanctuaries, national park, inter-island cruise liner. Andaman and Nicobar has approximately 86 percent of forest area of its total land. The forests constitute an integral wing of the natural resource of Andaman and Nicobar and it houses 96 Sanctuaries and 9 National Parks. The primary sanctuaries that form a part of the natural resources of Andaman and Nicobar islands are Narcondum Hornbill Sanctuary, which protects hornbills; Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park, which features a large variety of aquatic creatures; Nicobar Pigeon Sanctuary; South Sentinel Island Sanctuary, offering giant robber crabs; and North Reef Sanctuary, which is principally dedicated to the nurturing of a variety of water birds. Following are the major tourist attractions in Andaman and Nicobar islands. The Cellular Jail, also known as K\u0101l\u0101 P\u0101n\u012b (Black Water), was a colonial prison.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain."], "answer": {"text": "2004", "answer_start": 81}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What he a activist?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he assist in any other efforts?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#4", "question": "Was there anyone else who was an activist with him?", "rewrite": "Besides other activists, Was there anyone else who was an activist with Rahul Bose?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Tahaan  Tahaan \u2013 A Boy With a Grenade is an Indian Hindi-language drama film by Santosh Sivan. The film is based on the life of a young boy and his pet donkey. It is a fable-like journey of the eponymous eight-year-old boy, whose life revolves around the pursuit to find real purpose in his little world. The film stars Purav Bhandare as the young boy. Anupam Kher, Sarika, Rahul Bose, Rahul Khanna and Victor Banerjee form the rest of the cast. It was filmed on location in Jammu and Kashmir. After salvaging money using various means, Tahaan reaches the moneylender to reclaim Birbal. He is told that old Subhan Dar (Anupam Kher) bought the donkey and went across the mountains in which Tahaan's father went missing. Gathering courage, Tahaan goes in search of the old man. He finds him and he follows Subhan and his assistant Zafar (Rahul Bose) and their mule train, leading Birbal despite their protests. Although Subhan promises to return Birbal to Tahaan if he can win a race against the incompetent Zafar when he wins Subhan refuses to give him Birbal. Instead, Subhan gives the donkey to his eight-year-old nephew. Zafar tries to give Tahaan his sunglasses as a replacement for the donkey, but Tahaan will not accept the gift. On his way back home, Tahaan encounters Idrees, a teenager who discourages him, saying that his efforts will not be sufficient to get Birbal back. Instead, he suggests to do him a favour. Tahaan is asked to take a package across the mountains in his onward journey."], "answer": {"text": "He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education.", "answer_start": 521}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What he a activist?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he assist in any other efforts?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "2004", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#5", "question": "Is there any other movements Bose was involved in?", "rewrite": "In addition to the Teach For India movement, Is there any other movements Bose was involved in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Quit India Movement The Quit India Movement, or the August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India. The Cripps Mission had failed, and on 8 August 1942, Gandhi made a call to \"Do or Die\" in his Quit India speech delivered in Bombay at the Gowalia Tank Maidan. The All-India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called \"An Orderly British Withdrawal\" from India. Even though it was wartime, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council (which had a majority of Indians), of the All India Muslim League, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army,the Hindu Mahasabha and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. Many students paid more attention to Subhas Chandra Bose, who was in exile and supporting the Axis Powers. The only outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands. The Quit India campaign was effectively crushed. The British refused to grant immediate independence, saying it could happen only after the war had ended. Sporadic small-scale violence took place around the country and the British arrested tens of thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. In terms of immediate objectives, Quit India failed because of heavy-handed suppression, weak co-ordination and the lack of a clear-cut programme of action.", "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami. As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation. The scholarship program provides for the education of underprivileged children from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bose is associated with several charitable organizations such as Teach for India, Akshara Centre, Breakthrough, Citizens for Justice and Peace and the Spastics Society of India. He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education. In addition, he became the first Indian Oxfam global ambassador in 2007. He is the founder and chairman of The Group of Groups, an umbrella organisation for 51 Mumbai charitable organisations and NGOs. He is also an ambassador for the American India Foundation, the World Youth Peace Movement and Planet Alert. He was also a vocal proponent of Narmada Bachao Andolan and its efforts to halt the construction of the Narmada dam. He also recorded the Terre des hommes audio book Goodgoodi karna, gale lagana; Sparsh ke niyam sikhiye (English: Tickle and hugs: Learning the touching rules), which is designed to give children resources against sexual abuse. Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit. In 2009, he toured Canada lecturing on global climate change under the auspices of Climate Action Network and demonstrated with protesters at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit. In 2011, he worked in conjunction with Bhaichung Bhutia to raise funds for victims of the Sikkim earthquake. At the 8th convocation of BRAC University Bangladesh on 17 February 2013, Bose delivered the convocation speech.", "In 1936, Bose became the President of the Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee, and served as a member of the All India Congress Committee from 1936 till 1947. From 1946 to 1947, Bose would lead the Congress delegation to the Central Legislative Assembly. He strongly supported the formation of the Indian National Army by Subhas Bose, and actively participated in the Quit India movement. Following his brother's reported death in 1945, Bose led efforts to provide relief and aid to the families of INA soldiers through the INA Defence and Relief Committee. In 1946, he was appointed Member of the Interim Government for Works, Mines and Powers \u2013 the position of a minister in a national executive council led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and presided over by the Viceroy of India. However, Bose resigned from the AICC in disagreement over the Cabinet Mission Plan's call to partition Bengal between Hindu-majority and Muslim-majority regions. He attempted to construct a bid for a united but independent Bengal and North-East with the Bengali Muslim League leaders Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Abul Hashim. Muhammad Ali Jinnah (President of the Muslim League, who became Pakistan's founding father) supported it and so did Mahatma Gandhi. The Indian National Congress and the Hindu members of Indian Legislative Council from Bengal opposed it. (History of Bengal by R. C. Mazumder) After India's independence, Bose led his brother's Forward Bloc and formed the Socialist Republican Party, advocating a socialist system for Bengal and India. He died on 20 February in 1950, in Calcutta when he was just 60 years old. Sarat Bose married Bivabati Dey (1896 - 1954) the daughter of Akhoy Kumar Dey and Subala Dey, in 1909. The couple had eight children.", "Krishna Bose Krishna Bose (born 26 December 1930) is an Indian political, educator and social worker and was a Member of Parliament elected from the Jadavpur constituency in West Bengal as a All India Trinamool Congress candidate. She taught at City College, Kolkata for 40 years, and thereafter remained its principal for 8 years. Bose was born on 26 December 1930 in Dacca to Charu C. Chaudhuri and Chhaya Devi Chaudhurani. Her father specialised in constitutional studies and was one of the secretaries of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly. She married Sisir Kumar Bose, on 9 December 1955 and has two sons, Sumantra Bose, Sugata Bose and a daughter Sarmila Bose. Sisir Bose is the son of Sarat Chandra Bose, the elder brother of Subhas Chandra Bose. He too fought against the British Raj and was imprisoned in Lahore Fort and Red Fort for his role in Subhas Chandra Bose's escape from Calcutta in 1941 during the Quit India Movement and World War II. Bose has a B.A. (Hons.) and an M.A. in English Literature from Calcutta University, Calcutta, West Bengal and the prestigious degree of Sangeet-Visharad from Bhatkhande Music Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Krishna taught for 40 years at the City College, Kolkata, where she was Head of the Department of English and served as the Principal of the college for eight years. She was first elected as a member of parliament to the 11th Lok Sabha during the 1996\u20131998 term. She was also a member of parliament in 12th, (1998\u20131999) and 13th (1999\u20132004) Lok Sabhas. During her 3rd term, she served as:  Bose has been actively involved in public work.", "He also opposed a failed bid for a united but independent Bengal made in 1947 by Sarat Bose, the brother of Subhas Chandra Bose, and Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, a Bengali Muslim politician. His views were strongly affected by the Noakhali genocide in East Bengal, where mobs belonging to the Muslim League massacred Hindus. Following the Hindu Mahasabha's official decision to boycott the Quit India movement and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh's decision of non-participation in the movement, Mukherjee wrote a letter to Sir John Herbert, Governor of Bengal as to how they should respond to \"Quit India\" movement. In this letter, dated 26 July 1942 he wrote:  Let me now refer to the situation that may be created in the province as a result of any widespread movement launched by the Congress. Anybody, who during the war, plans to stir up mass feeling, resulting internal disturbances or insecurity, must be resisted by any Government that may function for the time being Mukherjee in this letter reiterated that the Fazlul Haq-led Bengal Government, along with its alliance partner Hindu Mahasabha would make every possible effort to defeat the Quit India Movement in the province of Bengal and made a concrete proposal in regard to this: The question is how to combat this movement (Quit India) in Bengal? The administration of the province should be carried on in such a manner that in spite of the best efforts of the Congress, this movement will fail to take root in the province. It should be possible for us, especially responsible Ministers, to be able to tell the public that the freedom for which the Congress has started the movement, already belongs to the representatives of the people. In some spheres, it might be limited during the emergency."], "answer": {"text": "Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit.", "answer_start": 1271}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What he a activist?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he assist in any other efforts?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "2004", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anyone else who was an activist with him?", "answer": {"text": "He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education.", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#6", "question": "Has he won any awards?", "rewrite": "Has Rahul Bose won any awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Dil Kabaddi Dil Kabaddi is an Indian Hindi film directed by debutante Anil Sharma. The film stars Irrfan Khan, Rahul Bose, Konkona Sen Sharma, Soha Ali Khan, Payal Rohatgi, Rahul Khanna and special appearance by Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The movie follows the same plot as Woody Allen's \"Husbands and Wives\". Set in contemporary Mumbai, the movie takes a close look at the evolving equations among urban couples and paints the metamorphosis amongst the relationships with a comic stroke. The film tracks the lives of two modern-day married couples \u2014 Samit (Irrfan Khan) and Mita (Soha Ali Khan); Rishi (Rahul Bose) and Simi (Konkona Sen Sharma) \u2014 caught in web of boredom, loss of love and temptation. The film starts with an announcement by Samit and Mita of their separation and follows the moral muddles and emotional crises of the couples over the next year and a half \u2014 as friends fight, separate, take lovers and, in a way, reconcile. Popular song from the movie titled \"Ehsaan\" was a copy from a Chicago-based underground band, Ghom. Ghom's original track, titled \"Ehsaas\", written by lead singer Azhar Mohammad and produced by Haaris Haroon, was uploaded to YouTube on 21 November 2007. Through inquiry it was noted that Sachin Gupta had listened to this track on YouTube, where the melody of the song was copied. The loyalty of this track was never honored to the original owners. The music for all the songs were composed by Sachin Gupta & Dhruv Dhalla and lyrics were penned by Virag Mishra.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What he a activist?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he assist in any other efforts?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "2004", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anyone else who was an activist with him?", "answer": {"text": "He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education.", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there any other movements Bose was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit.", "answer_start": 1271, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_0_q#7", "question": "Did he happen to create the gender warrior?", "rewrite": "Did Rahul Bose happen to create the gender warrior?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Nusrat Jahan Nusrat Jahan Ruhi is an Indian film actress who predominantly works in Bengali cinema. She joined active politics in 2019 and contested from Basirhat as a Trinamool Congress candidate. Jahan's screen debut was in Raj Chakraborty's \"Shotru\". She then appeared in the film \"Khoka 420\", under the banner Eskay Movies. Her other notable movies include \"Khiladi\", with Ankush Hazra, \"Sondhe Namar Agey\", with Rahul Bose and \"Power\", with Jeet under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films. She is an elected Member of Parliament for Basirhat. Nusrat Jahan Ruhi was born in a Bengali Muslim family in Kolkata, West Bengal, India to Shah Jahan. She completed her schooling from Our Lady Queen of the Missions School, Kolkata and went to college in Bhawanipur College, Kolkata. Nusrat Jahan had been in a relationship with businessman Nikhil Jain since 2018. They got married in June 2019 in Turkey. She started her modelling career after winning the beauty contest Fair-one Miss Kolkata in 2010. She made her Tollywood debut in film \"Shotru\" with Jeet. After a year of hiatus, she starred in her second film \"Khoka 420\", with Dev and Subhoshree. Her next release of that year was \"Khiladi\", opposite Ankush Hazra. After that, she appeared in two item songs, namely Chicken Tandoori, from 'Action' and Desi Chhori, from \"Yoddha - The Warrior\" both of which were instant hits and became chartbusters. She was then seen in \"Sondhe Namar Agey\", with co-star Rahul Bose."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Has Rahul Bose been in any films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What he a activist?", "answer": {"text": "Bose assisted in the relief efforts in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands after the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he assist in any other efforts?", "answer": {"text": "As a result of this work, Bose launched the Andaman and Nicobar Scholarship Initiative through his NGO, The Foundation.", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "In what year did this happen?", "answer": {"text": "2004", "answer_start": 81, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was there anyone else who was an activist with him?", "answer": {"text": "He is closely associated with the Teach For India movement to eradicate inequity in education.", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is there any other movements Bose was involved in?", "answer": {"text": "Bose has given lectures on gender equality and human rights at Oxford and during the 2004 World Youth Peace Summit.", "answer_start": 1271, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Has he won any awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#0", "question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "rewrite": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Tahaan  Tahaan \u2013 A Boy With a Grenade is an Indian Hindi-language drama film by Santosh Sivan. The film is based on the life of a young boy and his pet donkey. It is a fable-like journey of the eponymous eight-year-old boy, whose life revolves around the pursuit to find real purpose in his little world. The film stars Purav Bhandare as the young boy. Anupam Kher, Sarika, Rahul Bose, Rahul Khanna and Victor Banerjee form the rest of the cast. It was filmed on location in Jammu and Kashmir. After salvaging money using various means, Tahaan reaches the moneylender to reclaim Birbal. He is told that old Subhan Dar (Anupam Kher) bought the donkey and went across the mountains in which Tahaan's father went missing. Gathering courage, Tahaan goes in search of the old man. He finds him and he follows Subhan and his assistant Zafar (Rahul Bose) and their mule train, leading Birbal despite their protests. Although Subhan promises to return Birbal to Tahaan if he can win a race against the incompetent Zafar when he wins Subhan refuses to give him Birbal. Instead, Subhan gives the donkey to his eight-year-old nephew. Zafar tries to give Tahaan his sunglasses as a replacement for the donkey, but Tahaan will not accept the gift. On his way back home, Tahaan encounters Idrees, a teenager who discourages him, saying that his efforts will not be sufficient to get Birbal back. Instead, he suggests to do him a favour. Tahaan is asked to take a package across the mountains in his onward journey.", "Dil Kabaddi Dil Kabaddi is an Indian Hindi film directed by debutante Anil Sharma. The film stars Irrfan Khan, Rahul Bose, Konkona Sen Sharma, Soha Ali Khan, Payal Rohatgi, Rahul Khanna and special appearance by Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The movie follows the same plot as Woody Allen's \"Husbands and Wives\". Set in contemporary Mumbai, the movie takes a close look at the evolving equations among urban couples and paints the metamorphosis amongst the relationships with a comic stroke. The film tracks the lives of two modern-day married couples \u2014 Samit (Irrfan Khan) and Mita (Soha Ali Khan); Rishi (Rahul Bose) and Simi (Konkona Sen Sharma) \u2014 caught in web of boredom, loss of love and temptation. The film starts with an announcement by Samit and Mita of their separation and follows the moral muddles and emotional crises of the couples over the next year and a half \u2014 as friends fight, separate, take lovers and, in a way, reconcile. Popular song from the movie titled \"Ehsaan\" was a copy from a Chicago-based underground band, Ghom. Ghom's original track, titled \"Ehsaas\", written by lead singer Azhar Mohammad and produced by Haaris Haroon, was uploaded to YouTube on 21 November 2007. Through inquiry it was noted that Sachin Gupta had listened to this track on YouTube, where the melody of the song was copied. The loyalty of this track was never honored to the original owners. The music for all the songs were composed by Sachin Gupta & Dhruv Dhalla and lyrics were penned by Virag Mishra.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata."], "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#1", "question": "What was the name of his first play?", "rewrite": "What was the name of Rahul Bose's first play?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Tahaan  Tahaan \u2013 A Boy With a Grenade is an Indian Hindi-language drama film by Santosh Sivan. The film is based on the life of a young boy and his pet donkey. It is a fable-like journey of the eponymous eight-year-old boy, whose life revolves around the pursuit to find real purpose in his little world. The film stars Purav Bhandare as the young boy. Anupam Kher, Sarika, Rahul Bose, Rahul Khanna and Victor Banerjee form the rest of the cast. It was filmed on location in Jammu and Kashmir. After salvaging money using various means, Tahaan reaches the moneylender to reclaim Birbal. He is told that old Subhan Dar (Anupam Kher) bought the donkey and went across the mountains in which Tahaan's father went missing. Gathering courage, Tahaan goes in search of the old man. He finds him and he follows Subhan and his assistant Zafar (Rahul Bose) and their mule train, leading Birbal despite their protests. Although Subhan promises to return Birbal to Tahaan if he can win a race against the incompetent Zafar when he wins Subhan refuses to give him Birbal. Instead, Subhan gives the donkey to his eight-year-old nephew. Zafar tries to give Tahaan his sunglasses as a replacement for the donkey, but Tahaan will not accept the gift. On his way back home, Tahaan encounters Idrees, a teenager who discourages him, saying that his efforts will not be sufficient to get Birbal back. Instead, he suggests to do him a favour. Tahaan is asked to take a package across the mountains in his onward journey.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata."], "answer": {"text": "Topsy Turvey", "answer_start": 70}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#2", "question": "What was the name of his first film?", "rewrite": "What was the name of Rahul Bose's first film?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Dil Kabaddi Dil Kabaddi is an Indian Hindi film directed by debutante Anil Sharma. The film stars Irrfan Khan, Rahul Bose, Konkona Sen Sharma, Soha Ali Khan, Payal Rohatgi, Rahul Khanna and special appearance by Rahat Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. The movie follows the same plot as Woody Allen's \"Husbands and Wives\". Set in contemporary Mumbai, the movie takes a close look at the evolving equations among urban couples and paints the metamorphosis amongst the relationships with a comic stroke. The film tracks the lives of two modern-day married couples \u2014 Samit (Irrfan Khan) and Mita (Soha Ali Khan); Rishi (Rahul Bose) and Simi (Konkona Sen Sharma) \u2014 caught in web of boredom, loss of love and temptation. The film starts with an announcement by Samit and Mita of their separation and follows the moral muddles and emotional crises of the couples over the next year and a half \u2014 as friends fight, separate, take lovers and, in a way, reconcile. Popular song from the movie titled \"Ehsaan\" was a copy from a Chicago-based underground band, Ghom. Ghom's original track, titled \"Ehsaas\", written by lead singer Azhar Mohammad and produced by Haaris Haroon, was uploaded to YouTube on 21 November 2007. Through inquiry it was noted that Sachin Gupta had listened to this track on YouTube, where the melody of the song was copied. The loyalty of this track was never honored to the original owners. The music for all the songs were composed by Sachin Gupta & Dhruv Dhalla and lyrics were penned by Virag Mishra.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Sen's next directorial effort \"Paromitar Ek Din\" (2000) was a critical hit and recalled the success of her first film. The film explored the relationship between a divorced woman (Rituparna Sengupta) and her mother-in-law, played by Sen herself. It won a number of awards on the international festival circuit and the National Award for Best Bengali Films. \"Mr. and Mrs. Iyer\" (2002) was a love story set against the harsh backdrop of Hindu-Muslim sectarian violence in India. The film won a National Film Award for Sen's direction, and an acting award for Konkona Sen Sharma, the director's daughter. The film won more awards at the Locarno, Hawaii and Manila film festivals. \"15, Park Avenue\" (2005) starred her daughter and the actors Shabana Azmi, Dhritiman Chaterji, Waheeda Rehman, Rahul Bose and Soumitra Chatterjee. The film deals with a girl (Konkona Sen Sharma) who is a schizophrenic and her relations with her elder stepsister, played by Shabana Azmi. It won the National Award for Best English Film. Aparna Sen's next film, \"The Japanese Wife\" (2010), starred Raima Sen, Rahul Bose and Chigusa Takaku. This film focuses on two women and is based on a short story by West Bengal author Kunal Basu. The Hidden Gems Film Festival (HGFF) in Calgary, Alberta, Canada screened the 2010 film, The Japanese Wife, on Sunday, October 24, 2010. HGFF awarded Aparna Sen its Ammonite Award for Best Director that year. The Japanese Wife also won the Audience Award at the Kerala film Festival.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata."], "answer": {"text": "English, August and suggested that Bose should play the lead role.", "answer_start": 191}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first play?", "answer": {"text": "Topsy Turvey", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#3", "question": "Did he ever do any TV in his early career?", "rewrite": "Did Rahul Bose ever do any TV in his early career?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tahaan  Tahaan \u2013 A Boy With a Grenade is an Indian Hindi-language drama film by Santosh Sivan. The film is based on the life of a young boy and his pet donkey. It is a fable-like journey of the eponymous eight-year-old boy, whose life revolves around the pursuit to find real purpose in his little world. The film stars Purav Bhandare as the young boy. Anupam Kher, Sarika, Rahul Bose, Rahul Khanna and Victor Banerjee form the rest of the cast. It was filmed on location in Jammu and Kashmir. After salvaging money using various means, Tahaan reaches the moneylender to reclaim Birbal. He is told that old Subhan Dar (Anupam Kher) bought the donkey and went across the mountains in which Tahaan's father went missing. Gathering courage, Tahaan goes in search of the old man. He finds him and he follows Subhan and his assistant Zafar (Rahul Bose) and their mule train, leading Birbal despite their protests. Although Subhan promises to return Birbal to Tahaan if he can win a race against the incompetent Zafar when he wins Subhan refuses to give him Birbal. Instead, Subhan gives the donkey to his eight-year-old nephew. Zafar tries to give Tahaan his sunglasses as a replacement for the donkey, but Tahaan will not accept the gift. On his way back home, Tahaan encounters Idrees, a teenager who discourages him, saying that his efforts will not be sufficient to get Birbal back. Instead, he suggests to do him a favour. Tahaan is asked to take a package across the mountains in his onward journey.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom."], "answer": {"text": "the first Indian film to be purchased by 20th Century Fox and won several awards at international film festivals.", "answer_start": 514}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first play?", "answer": {"text": "Topsy Turvey", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first film?", "answer": {"text": "English, August and suggested that Bose should play the lead role.", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#4", "question": "Did he ever produce or direct anything?", "rewrite": "Did Rahul Bose ever produce or direct anything?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Tahaan  Tahaan \u2013 A Boy With a Grenade is an Indian Hindi-language drama film by Santosh Sivan. The film is based on the life of a young boy and his pet donkey. It is a fable-like journey of the eponymous eight-year-old boy, whose life revolves around the pursuit to find real purpose in his little world. The film stars Purav Bhandare as the young boy. Anupam Kher, Sarika, Rahul Bose, Rahul Khanna and Victor Banerjee form the rest of the cast. It was filmed on location in Jammu and Kashmir. After salvaging money using various means, Tahaan reaches the moneylender to reclaim Birbal. He is told that old Subhan Dar (Anupam Kher) bought the donkey and went across the mountains in which Tahaan's father went missing. Gathering courage, Tahaan goes in search of the old man. He finds him and he follows Subhan and his assistant Zafar (Rahul Bose) and their mule train, leading Birbal despite their protests. Although Subhan promises to return Birbal to Tahaan if he can win a race against the incompetent Zafar when he wins Subhan refuses to give him Birbal. Instead, Subhan gives the donkey to his eight-year-old nephew. Zafar tries to give Tahaan his sunglasses as a replacement for the donkey, but Tahaan will not accept the gift. On his way back home, Tahaan encounters Idrees, a teenager who discourages him, saying that his efforts will not be sufficient to get Birbal back. Instead, he suggests to do him a favour. Tahaan is asked to take a package across the mountains in his onward journey."], "answer": {"text": "He also performed abroad in the Leicester Haymarket in England where he starred in the English version of Tim Murari's play, The Square Circle.", "answer_start": 1430}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first play?", "answer": {"text": "Topsy Turvey", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first film?", "answer": {"text": "English, August and suggested that Bose should play the lead role.", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever do any TV in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "the first Indian film to be purchased by 20th Century Fox and won several awards at international film festivals.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#5", "question": "Does he have any family in the business?", "rewrite": "Does Rahul Bose have any family in the business?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Thakshak  Thakshak is a 1999 action-drama Hindi film written and directed by Govind Nihalani. Touted as Nihalani's attempt at popular cinema, this film stars Ajay Devgn, Tabu and Rahul Bose in the lead roles. The soundtrack was composed by A. R. Rahman. The movie was commercially flop on box office. A poetic romance between Ishaan (Ajay Devgn) and Suman (Tabu) set against the concrete Mumbai cityscape opens the film. Ishaan, the only son of an affluent business family, and his contemporary peer Sunny (Rahul Bose), the grandson of the head of the business house, are being groomed to take over the business. They share a strong male bonding, Ishaan's controlled and silent strength acts as an anchor to Sunny's flamboyance and recklessly violent streak. The business, a construction empire built by Ishaan's father Nahar Singh (Amrish Puri) and Sunny's grandfather, is rooted in violent and unlawful activities. Ishaan, sheltered in comfort and security, begins to question his environment as his relationship with Suman, an idealistic young woman, opens a new world to him. As his love for her grows, so does his fear of losing her. Ishaan is caught between a life steeped in violence and his love for Suman who abhors violence. Torn by his desire to leave the world of crime, and his sense of loyalty to his father and his friend, Ishaan unwillingly gets drawn deeper into violence, and finds himself a participant in an act of gruesome cold-blooded massacre. The image of a young girl disabled by this violent act haunts his conscience."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first play?", "answer": {"text": "Topsy Turvey", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first film?", "answer": {"text": "English, August and suggested that Bose should play the lead role.", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever do any TV in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "the first Indian film to be purchased by 20th Century Fox and won several awards at international film festivals.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever produce or direct anything?", "answer": {"text": "He also performed abroad in the Leicester Haymarket in England where he starred in the English version of Tim Murari's play, The Square Circle.", "answer_start": 1430, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#6", "question": "Did he perform in any other country besides India?", "rewrite": "Did Rahul Bose perform in any other country besides India?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kaalpurush  Kaalpurush or Kalpurush (English name: Memories in the Mist) is a 2005 Indian Bengali drama film directed and written by Buddhadev Dasgupta. The film stars Mithun Chakraborty and Rahul Bose in lead roles. The 120 minute version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival. Although the film was completed in 2005, it was released in India in 2008. The film won National Film Award for Best Feature Film in 2006 and Mithun being nominated for best actor category. The film tells the story in a non-linear fashion, with two timelines being depicted simultaneously. Rahul Bose has a dysfunctional marriage with Sameera Reddy who has an extra-marital affair.. Rahul tries to reconnect with his long-lost father (played by Mithun Chakraborty), while Sameera dreams of breaking free of her stifling domestic life. Rahul is considered as a failure both in professional and personal lives. However, an honest and simple man, he clings to simple joys of life and memories of his childhood. The back-and-forth movement of the story between two timelines (the present day and Rahul's childhood) and the arrangement of the sequences make Mithun a mystery man\u2014he could be dead, alive, or, just a figment of Rahul's imagination. The film begins as Mithun follows Rahul as the later returns home from a day's work. Rahul is shown to be a doting father, but a failed husband. Mithun then starts to tell his own story. He had a happy family with wife (Laboni Sarkar) and the adolescent son Sumanata.", "The Japanese Wife The Japanese Wife is a 2010 Indian-Japanese romantic drama film directed by Bengali filmmaker Aparna Sen. It stars Rahul Bose, Raima Sen and Moushumi Chatterjee, and Japanese actress Chigusa Takaku in the title role. It is in English, Bengali and Japanese. The film was originally scheduled for release in October 2008, but the release was delayed until 9 April 2010. The story revolves around a young Bengali village school teacher (Rahul Bose) marrying his Japanese pen friend (Chigusa Takaku) over letters and remaining true and loyal to her throughout his life, while actually never meeting her. Snehmoy Chatterjee (Rahul Bose) and Miyage (Chigusa Takaku) are pen pal friends who develop a deep and emotional relationship. Eventually, the pair exchange wedding vows through letters. Seventeen years pass but they never meet, yet the bond of marriage is strong between them. This unusual relationship is tested when a young widow, Sandhya (Raima Sen), comes to stay with Snehmoy along with her eight-year-old son Poltu. Snehmoy and the little boy bond and the arithmetic teacher discovers the joy of palpable bonds and fatherhood. He also develops an inexplicable thread of understanding with Sandhya too. Despite this Snehmoy remains loyal to his unseen Japanese wife. When Miyage is diagnosed with cancer and falls ill, Snehmoy takes a long leave of absence from his school and tries to find a cure for her illness. Snehmoy sets out one day during a storm to talk to the closest oncologist in Calcutta, but leaves upon realization that without Miyage physically being there, the doctor can do little. The storm turns violent, with harsh wind and rain.", "Bose accuses Rahul of the kidnapping and shows him the recording of Rahul and Shalini's conversation where she did not want Kali to meet him. Bose later reminds him of their college days when he used to bully him. Disguising his voice, Chaitanya calls Rahul and demands ransom. The call is received by Bose instead. Chaitanya also informs his agent to conduct an audition of ten-year-old girls to re-create dialogues for a ransom call. Next day, Jadhav follows Chaitanya into his office, where the police tap his phone and find out that he is in debt. He is arrested on suspicion of kidnapping Kali. Rahul escapes from the police captivity after a doctor arrives for his check-up. Later, Bose overhears one of Shalini's conversations, in which she explains how Rahul used to beat her after marriage and how she met Bose after filing a complaint. Jadhav interrogates Chaitanya who says that he had called for ransom because Bose was more interested in his personal grudge with Rahul than the kidnapping. Rahul tells Bose that Chaitanya could have not kidnapped Kali since he is aware of Rahul's lack of funds. The police expand their search operation. Chaitanya uses a girl's audition to demand ransom from Rahul. Rahul, who is at Rakhee's place, tells Chaitanya about the call, which is tapped by the police. Chaitanya tells him to talk to Bose, who can arrange the money. Later, Rakhee urges Shalini to pay the ransom. Chaitanya is subsequently arrested by the police, and Rahul, who escapes, is later arrested after he robs a jewelry store. Rakhee calls Rahul, and using the same recorded voice, demands ransom.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "There she met her future husband Benedict, who subsequently moved to Pune with her, travelling regularly to Mumbai for his work while Apte still did not want to return to Mumbai due to her earlier experience. After a year, she finally agreed to move to Mumbai, and her second experience in Mumbai was far more positive, as she was no longer alone. She had higher qualification on neural mathematics. Radhika Apte first appeared with a small role in the Hindi film \"Vaah! Life Ho Toh Aisi! \" in 2005, a project she did \"just for fun\" while still being in college. Actor Rahul Bose, who had seen Apte perform in Anahita Oberoi's play \"Bombay Black\", suggested her name to director Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury who cast her in his Bengali film \"Antaheen\" along with Aparna Sen, Sharmila Tagore and Rahul Bose. She played the role of Brinda Roy Menon, a TV journalist, in \"Antaheen\". Riddhima Seal, writing for \"The Times of India\", called Apte a \"revelation\", further adding \"With eyes that speak a thousand words, her passion for work and the loneliness of her heart as she waits to chat every night with that special stranger just strikes the right chord\". In 2009, Apte had her first Indian release, KBC productions' \"Gho Mala Asla Hava\" by Sumitra Bhave and Sunil Sukthankar in which she appeared as Savitri, a village girl. She later collaborated with Bhave and Sukthankar again on the Hindi docufiction \"Mor Dekhne Jungle Mein\"."], "answer": {"text": "Award for best directorial debut at the 2003 Palm Springs International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 575}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first play?", "answer": {"text": "Topsy Turvey", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first film?", "answer": {"text": "English, August and suggested that Bose should play the lead role.", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever do any TV in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "the first Indian film to be purchased by 20th Century Fox and won several awards at international film festivals.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever produce or direct anything?", "answer": {"text": "He also performed abroad in the Leicester Haymarket in England where he starred in the English version of Tim Murari's play, The Square Circle.", "answer_start": 1430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any family in the business?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9879e09458ad425da3a53541b4a17db5_1_q#7", "question": "Did he go to any other film festivals?", "rewrite": "Did Rahul Bose go to any other film festivals other than Palm Springs International Film Festival?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He singled out the instrumental number, \"Laila's Theme\", as \"the beating heart of the film\". \"Margarita with a Straw\" premiered worldwide at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, where it received a standing ovation. The event was attended by the cast and crew, including Bose and Koechlin; the latter said that she was overwhelmed by the response and \"loved to see the audiences cry and laugh with the movie\". The film was subsequently screened at film festivals across Europe, including the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival, the BFI London Film Festival, the Galway Film Fleadh, the Vesoul Festival of Asian Cinema, and the Giffoni International Film Festival. \"Margarita with a Straw\" had its American premiere at the 2015 Palm Springs International Film Festival. It was screened in Castro Theater at CAAMFest, and shown at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival later that year. The film opened the 2015 New York Indian Film Festival, and also featured at the 19th Busan International Film Festival and the Istanbul Film Festival. Out on Film, Miami Gay & Lesbian Film Festival, and were among the LGBT events that screened the production. After garnering acclaim at the international film festival circuit, the producers of \"Margarita with a Straw\" sent it straight to the Central Board of Film Certification. The decision to not send it to any of the major Indian film festivals was looked upon by commentators such as Uma Da Cunha, editor for Film India Worldwide, as a part of a marketing strategy. Srinivasan Narayan, organiser of the Mumbai International Film Festival said that while Indian film festivals have grown, they have not yet reached a level where they can compete for international premieres. Instead, \"Margarita with a Straw\" had pre-released screenings for members of the Indian film industry in Mumbai.", "Its co-presidents are Gary Lucchesi and Lori McCreary. Pitt has received four awards from six nominations. The Satellite Awards are a set of annual awards given by the International Press Academy. Pitt has received three nominations. The Saturn Awards are presented annually by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films to honor science fiction, fantasy, and horror films, television and home video. Pitt has received one award from four nominations. The Screen Actors Guild Awards are organized by the Screen Actors Guild\u2010American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. First awarded in 1995, the awards aim to recognize excellent achievements in film and television. Pitt has received one award from seven nominations. Palm Springs International Film Festival is a film festival held in Palm Springs, California. It started in 1989 and is held annually in January. It is run by the Palm Springs International Film Society. Pitt has been awarded four times. The Venice Film Festival or \"Venice International Film Festival\" founded in 1932, is the oldest film festival in the world and one of the \"Big Three\" film festivals. The film festival is part of the Venice Biennale, which was founded by the Venetian City Council in 1895. Pitt has been awarded once. The MTV Movie Awards is an annual award show presented by MTV to honor outstanding achievements in films. Founded in 1992, the winners of the awards are decided online by the audience. Pitt has received six awards from fourteen nominations. The People's Choice Awards is an American awards show recognizing the people and the work of popular culture. The show has been held annually since 1975 and is voted on by the general public. Pitt has received four awards from eleven nominations.", "Palm Springs International Film Festival Palm Springs International Film Festival (sometimes stylized shortly as PSIFF) is a film festival held in Palm Springs, California. Originally promoted by Mayor Sonny Bono and then sponsored by Nortel, it started in 1989 and is held annually in January. It is run by the Palm Springs International Film Society, which also runs the Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films (ShortFest), a festival of short films and film market in June. Though the festival does feature American independent films, the focus from its inception was to shine a spotlight on international cinema. Michael Barker, co-president of Sony Pictures Classics, described the festival as a good place to show foreign-language movies and heralded this festival's ability to spread good word-of-mouth for movies. The event is noted for screening most foreign Oscar nominees. In 2013, the festival screened 42 of the 71 movies that were submitted by countries around the world to the Oscars for that year's foreign language film prize. In the days before the festival's opening, several of the foreign filmmakers convene at Sunnylands, the Annenberg estate in Rancho Mirage, to trade strategies on funding, producing and promoting their movies. The festival regularly attracts around 135,000 people, with some 70% coming from outside of the Coachella Valley, including Canada and Europe. It is noted for its Award Ceremonies where such actors as Christian Bale, Brad Pitt, Clint Eastwood, Sean Penn, Dustin Hoffman, Anne Hathaway and Leonardo DiCaprio have appeared. In January 2011, the festival's honorees included Ben Affleck and Danny Boyle. The current Artistic Director of the festival is Liliana Rodriguez.", "Poorna: Courage Has No Limit Poorna is a 2017 Indian Hindi language biographical adventure film directed by Rahul Bose. The film stars himself with Aditi Inamdar as Malavath Poorna, the youngest girl to climb Mount Everest. The film released in India on 31 March 2017 to positive reviews. The film was screened at the 2017 Palm Springs International Film Festival where it got nominated on the festival's list of \"30 Best Feature Films\". Poorna Malavath (Aditi Inamdar) belongs to a Telugu speaking tribal family in Pakala, Nizamabad district in the Telangana state of India. Her parents (mother Lakshmi and father Devidas) are farm labourers. She joins the State Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society for her education. Her talent is spotted by the un-corrupt secretary of the Society Dr R.S. Praveen Kumar (Rahul Bose). The chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Harsha Vardhan) authorises her for Operation Everest along with a Dalit mountaineer, Sandhanapalli Anand Kumar (Manoj Kumar). In preparation for climbing Mount Everest headed by Coach Shekhar Babu (Gyanendra Tripathi) and Colonel Khan (Arif Zakaria), she treks to mountains of Ladakh and Darjeeling. On 25 May 2014, Poorna scales the highest peak of Mount Everest and, aged 13 years and 11 months, becomes the youngest girl in the world to have reached the summit of Everest. Rahul Bose was initially not associated with the film until he was offered the role of Dr. Kumar. He liked the script and offered to direct and produce \"Poorna\", raising funds in four months. Aditi Inamdar was chosen to play the titular role from a group of 109 girls. The film was shot in Pakala village over an 11-day period.", "Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films The Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films (a.k.a. Palm Springs International ShortFest) held annually in Palm Springs, California is the largest film festival for short films in the United States. The Palm Springs International Festival of Short Films takes place across seven days each June, showing more than 350 short films every year, and hosting a Short Film Market with over 3,000 new short films annually. It also presents a three-day program of seminars, master classes, panels and roundtable discussions with free admission for all filmmaking and industry guests. An AMPAS qualifying Festival, PSISF has hosted 97 short films in its 19-year history that went on to secure Oscar nominations in the short film categories. The Festival of Short Films is a spin-off of the Palm Springs International Film Festival which takes place each January."], "answer": {"text": "was a critical success and won several awards at international film festivals as well as three National Film Awards.", "answer_start": 799}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Rahul Bose start on stage or in film?", "answer": {"text": "Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first play?", "answer": {"text": "Topsy Turvey", "answer_start": 70, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the name of his first film?", "answer": {"text": "English, August and suggested that Bose should play the lead role.", "answer_start": 191, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever do any TV in his early career?", "answer": {"text": "the first Indian film to be purchased by 20th Century Fox and won several awards at international film festivals.", "answer_start": 514, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever produce or direct anything?", "answer": {"text": "He also performed abroad in the Leicester Haymarket in England where he starred in the English version of Tim Murari's play, The Square Circle.", "answer_start": 1430, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does he have any family in the business?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he perform in any other country besides India?", "answer": {"text": "Award for best directorial debut at the 2003 Palm Springs International Film Festival.", "answer_start": 575, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#0", "question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "rewrite": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "Kyra Nijinsky Kyra Vaslavovna Nijinsky (19 June 1914 \u2013 1 September 1998), was a ballet dancer of Polish and Hungarian ancestry, with a Russian dance and cultural heritage. She was the daughter of Vaslav Nijinsky and the niece of Bronislava Nijinska. In the 1930s she appeared in ballets mounted by Ida Rubinstein, Max Reinhardt, Marie Rambert, Frederick Ashton, Antony Tudor. Her father Vaslav (1889-1950) was a world-renowned dancer with the Ballets Russes in Paris. Her aunt Bronia (1891-1972) also excelled in dance and was a leading choreographer, initially with Ballets Russes. Her mother Romola de Pulszky was a socialite and author. Romola's mother, Kyra's grandmother, was Emilia M\u00e1rkus, a popular Hungarian actress. Kyra was born to Romola and Vaslav in Vienna. During Kyra's earliest years she evidently delighted in her father's love and affection. Unfortunately he became unbalanced and by 1917 had ceased performing, yet his fame as a star of ballet did not fade. Kyra's family, however, became chaotic, unhappy, and distant. With her father living in institutions, her mother sent her and her younger sister Tamara to boarding schools. Kyra's resemblance to her father Vaslav was remarkable, 'uncanny'. After taking early dance lessons (both professional and from her father and her aunt), she chose it as her career. Her mother disapproved. An American woman volunteered her early support. While living alone in Berlin in 1931, Kyra began dancing in Ida Rubinstein's ballet company, directed by her aunt Bronia.", "Leonid was selected for the role. This performance and rehearsal period ignited his lifelong passion for acting. Leonid was selected for three more professional roles at the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters through the 1908-1909 season. In 1909, Konstantin was killed during a hunting accident. Leonid never seemed to fully recover from the shock and devastation of this personal tragedy. In August 1913, Massine graduated from the Moscow Imperial Theater School and almost immediately joined the Bolshoi Ballet. In December of the same year, Serge Diaghilev came to Moscow in search of a dancer for a new production of \"The Legend of Joseph.\" His lover, Vaslav Nijinsky, had originally been cast in the role, but Diaghilev terminated Nijinsky's contract upon his marriage to Romola de Pulszky. Diaghilev was attracted to Massine's onstage presence and acting, and invited him to audition for the choreographer, Mikhail Fokine. After the audition in St. Petersburg, Massine joined Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes. From 1915 to 1921 Massine was the principal choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Following the departure of Vaslav Nijinsky, the company's first male star, Massine became the preeminent male star and took over Nijinsky's roles. His first ballet, in 1915, called \"Le Soleil de Nuit\", used Russian folklore elements. The ballet \"Parade\" premiered at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, on May 18th 1917. The ballet is based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau. \" Parade\" is about a group of circus performers trying to lure a reluctant audience into the tent before the show begins. The sets and costume designs were by Pablo Picasso, who designed large cubist structures for the dancers to wear.", "Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks"], "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#1", "question": "what did he do after that?", "rewrite": "what did Vaslav Nijinsky do after performing at Krasnoe Selo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks", "She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "Kyra Nijinsky Kyra Vaslavovna Nijinsky (19 June 1914 \u2013 1 September 1998), was a ballet dancer of Polish and Hungarian ancestry, with a Russian dance and cultural heritage. She was the daughter of Vaslav Nijinsky and the niece of Bronislava Nijinska. In the 1930s she appeared in ballets mounted by Ida Rubinstein, Max Reinhardt, Marie Rambert, Frederick Ashton, Antony Tudor. Her father Vaslav (1889-1950) was a world-renowned dancer with the Ballets Russes in Paris. Her aunt Bronia (1891-1972) also excelled in dance and was a leading choreographer, initially with Ballets Russes. Her mother Romola de Pulszky was a socialite and author. Romola's mother, Kyra's grandmother, was Emilia M\u00e1rkus, a popular Hungarian actress. Kyra was born to Romola and Vaslav in Vienna. During Kyra's earliest years she evidently delighted in her father's love and affection. Unfortunately he became unbalanced and by 1917 had ceased performing, yet his fame as a star of ballet did not fade. Kyra's family, however, became chaotic, unhappy, and distant. With her father living in institutions, her mother sent her and her younger sister Tamara to boarding schools. Kyra's resemblance to her father Vaslav was remarkable, 'uncanny'. After taking early dance lessons (both professional and from her father and her aunt), she chose it as her career. Her mother disapproved. An American woman volunteered her early support. While living alone in Berlin in 1931, Kyra began dancing in Ida Rubinstein's ballet company, directed by her aunt Bronia.", "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers. These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career. Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary, his new earnings from giving dance classes, and his sister Bronia's employment with the ballet company, the family moved to a larger flat on Torgovaya Ulitsa. The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year. He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee, where he succeeded in an atypical role for him involving humour and flirtation. Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin. Nijinsky had a minor role, but it allowed him to show off his technical abilities with leaps and pirouettes. The partnership of Fokine, Benois and Nijinsky was repeated throughout his career. Shortly after, he upstaged his own performance, appearing in the Bluebird pas de deux from the Sleeping Beauty, partnering Lydia Kyasht. The Mariinsky audience was deeply familiar with the piece, but exploded with enthusiasm for his performance and his appearing to fly, an effect he continued to have on audiences with the piece during his career. In subsequent years, Nijinsky was given several soloist roles."], "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#2", "question": "why were they essential?", "rewrite": "why were the support of the Imperial family and other nobility essential to dancers?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Empress Emerita was born in Tokyo on 20 October 1934, the eldest daughter of Hidesaburo Sh\u014dda, president and honorary chairman of Nisshin Flour Milling Inc.. Prince Hitachi was born on 28 November 1935, the second son and sixth child of the Emperor Sh\u014dwa and Empress Kojun. His childhood title was Prince Yoshi. He received the title Prince Hitachi and permission to set up a new branch of the Imperial Family on 1 October 1964, the day after his wedding. Princess Hitachi was born on 19 July 1940, the daughter of former Count Yoshitaka Tsugaru. Prince and Princess Hitachi have no children. Princess Mikasa is the widow of the Prince Mikasa (2 December 1915 \u2013 27 October 2016), the fourth son of Emperor Taish\u014d and Empress Teimei and a great-uncle of Emperor Naruhito. The Princess was born on 4 June 1923, the second daughter of Viscount Masanori Takagi. Princess Mikasa has two daughters and three sons with the late Prince Mikasa. The following family tree shows the lineage of the contemporary members of the Imperial Family (living members in bold). Princesses who left the Imperial Family upon their marriage are indicated in \"italics\":  Under the terms of the 1947 Imperial Household Law, \"naishinn\u014d\" (imperial princesses) and \"Jo\u014d\" (princesses) lose their titles and membership in the Imperial Family upon marriage, unless they marry the Emperor or another member of the Imperial Family. Four of the five daughters of Emperor Sh\u014dwa, the two daughters of Prince Mikasa, the only daughter of the Emperor Akihito and most recently, the second and third daughter of Prince Takamado, left the Imperial Family upon marriage, joining the husband's family and thus taking the surname of the husband.", "In an effort to control the size of the imperial family, the law stipulates that only legitimate male descendants in the male line can be dynasts; that \"naishinn\u014d\" (imperial princesses) and \"jo\u014d\" (princesses) lose their status as imperial family-members if they marry outside the imperial family; that \"shinn\u014d\" (imperial princes), other than the crown prince, \"\u014d\" (princes), unmarried imperial princesses and princesses, and the widows of imperial princes and princes may, upon their own request or in the event of special circumstances, renounce their membership in the imperial family with approval of the Imperial House Council; and that the Emperor and other members of the imperial family may not adopt children. For an imperial abdication to take place, such as the one that took place in April 2019, it requires special legislation and cannot be explicitly expressed by the monarch himself. Before September 2006, there was a potential succession crisis since no male child had been born into the imperial family since Prince Akishino in 1965. Following the birth of Princess Aiko, there was significant public debate about amending the Imperial House Law to allow female descendants of an emperor and their descendants to succeed to the throne. In January 2005, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi appointed a special panel of judges, university professors, and civil servants to study changes to the Imperial House Law and to make recommendations to the government. On January 24, 2005, the Japanese government announced that it would consider allowing the Crown Prince and Crown Princess to adopt a male child, in order to avoid a possible succession disputes. Adoption from other male-line branches of the Imperial Line is an age-old imperial Japanese tradition for dynastic purposes, prohibited only in modern times after the adoption in 1947 of the American-written Constitution of Japan.", "Alongside the Minister of the Imperial Clan, his ministry oversaw the inheritance of titles and fiefs by condoling on behalf of the emperor at kings' funerals and memorializing the posthumous names of kings and marquises. The Minister Herald's office received the annual reports from the commanderies and kingdoms when they arrived in the capital at the beginning of the year, before passing them on to the Excellencies. His subordinates acted as seating guides and ushers for officials, nobles, and foreign delegates at imperial ceremonies and sacrifices. One of his subordinates maintained living quarters for officials in the commanderies and kingdoms who were traveling to the capital. While the Minister Herald had always conducted the formal reception of foreign envoys and enlisted the aid of interpreters, his powers in matters of foreign affairs were expanded further when the post of Director of Dependent States was abolished in 28 BC. However, by Eastern Han his duties involving the affairs of Dependent States were transferred to local administrations along the borders. While eight of the Nine Ministers could be of commoner origin, the post of Minister of the Imperial Clan (\"Zongzheng\" \u5b97\u6b63), also known as the Director of the Imperial Clan, was always occupied by a member of the imperial family. He oversaw the imperial court's interactions with the empire's nobility and extended imperial family, such as granting fiefs and titles. His ministry was responsible for record-keeping of all nobles, a register being updated at the beginning of each year. When a serious infraction was committed by a member of the imperial family, the Minister of the Imperial Clan was the first high official to be notified before the emperor, who made the ultimate decision about any possible legal action. This minister's subordinates heard grievances of imperial family members and informed them about new ordinances.", "Tsuneyasu Takeda, a member of the former Takeda-no-miya collateral house and author of a book entitled \"The Untold Truth of Imperial Family Members\", proposed to maintain the male line by restoring the former princely houses or by allowing imperial family members to adopt males from those families. Although Takeda has written that such men should feel a responsibility to maintain the royal house, he said he would find it daunting if asked to play that role himself. According to Takeda, the heads of the former court families agreed in late 2004, just before Koizumi's advisory panel started its discussions, not to speak out on the issue and some of them told him to \"not get involved in political issues\". Opponents of the reinstatement of former collateral branches, like Liberal Democratic Party politician Y\u014dichi Masuzoe, argued that it would favor members of families with tenuous blood links to long-ago emperors over contemporary female descendants of recent sovereigns. During a series of hearings on the succession problem in early 2012, Yoshiko Sakurai and Akira Momochi, conservative members of the panel of experts, rejected proposals for female members of the imperial family to be allowed to retain their royal status after marriage and create new branches of the imperial family, and instead suggested revising the Imperial Household Law so that male descendants of former imperial families which renounced their royal status in 1947 be allowed to return to the imperial family as adoptees. Another proposal was to reinstate four of the former imperial families, a solution opposed by the government on the grounds that it would not enjoy public support. Government sources told the \"Yomiuri Shimbun\" in May 2012 that the suggestion to reinstate men from the former princely houses as imperial family members through adoption had been unexpected.", "Besides, the law is often broken on occasions when members of the nobility are addressed at various events: At the annual birthday celebration of Emperor Franz Joseph in Bad Ischl, for example, members of the former Imperial House of Habsburg are addressed as \"Imperial and Royal Highness\". Apart from the prohibition of their titles, some former nobles still make up some of the richest families in Austria, such as the Esterh\u00e1zy, Mayr-Melnhof and Mautner-Markhof. Many members of the Austrian nobility today work in the traditional fields of diplomacy, politics, have business and financial interests, or are philanthropists or socialites. It was estimated that there were about 20,000 Austrian nobles in 2005. That year, an association was founded, the \"Vereinigung der Edelleute in \u00d6sterreich\" (Association of Austrian Nobles, or V.E.\u00d6.), which sees itself as the successor of the \"Vereinigung katholischer Edelleute in \u00d6sterreich\" (Catholic Association of Austrian Nobles, or V.E.\u00d6.), founded in 1922 but banned under the Nazis in 1938. Until recently, all of the various attempts at revival were blocked by Austrian authorities. Austria's nobility was divided into three categories: the mediatized nobility (\"standesherrlicht\"), the higher nobility (\"hoher Adel\"), and the lower nobility (\"niederer Adel\"):  Non-ruling members of the imperial family held various titles: Legitimate but morganatic descendants of the imperial family were excluded from the line of succession, but might sometimes receive lesser titles with noble rather than royal prerogatives, e.g.: Use of nobiliary particles, such as the prepositions \"von\", \"zu\","], "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#3", "question": "how much was his salary?", "rewrite": "how much was Vaslav Nijinsky's salary?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Leonid was selected for the role. This performance and rehearsal period ignited his lifelong passion for acting. Leonid was selected for three more professional roles at the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters through the 1908-1909 season. In 1909, Konstantin was killed during a hunting accident. Leonid never seemed to fully recover from the shock and devastation of this personal tragedy. In August 1913, Massine graduated from the Moscow Imperial Theater School and almost immediately joined the Bolshoi Ballet. In December of the same year, Serge Diaghilev came to Moscow in search of a dancer for a new production of \"The Legend of Joseph.\" His lover, Vaslav Nijinsky, had originally been cast in the role, but Diaghilev terminated Nijinsky's contract upon his marriage to Romola de Pulszky. Diaghilev was attracted to Massine's onstage presence and acting, and invited him to audition for the choreographer, Mikhail Fokine. After the audition in St. Petersburg, Massine joined Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes. From 1915 to 1921 Massine was the principal choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Following the departure of Vaslav Nijinsky, the company's first male star, Massine became the preeminent male star and took over Nijinsky's roles. His first ballet, in 1915, called \"Le Soleil de Nuit\", used Russian folklore elements. The ballet \"Parade\" premiered at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, on May 18th 1917. The ballet is based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau. \" Parade\" is about a group of circus performers trying to lure a reluctant audience into the tent before the show begins. The sets and costume designs were by Pablo Picasso, who designed large cubist structures for the dancers to wear.", "She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks", "Kyra Nijinsky Kyra Vaslavovna Nijinsky (19 June 1914 \u2013 1 September 1998), was a ballet dancer of Polish and Hungarian ancestry, with a Russian dance and cultural heritage. She was the daughter of Vaslav Nijinsky and the niece of Bronislava Nijinska. In the 1930s she appeared in ballets mounted by Ida Rubinstein, Max Reinhardt, Marie Rambert, Frederick Ashton, Antony Tudor. Her father Vaslav (1889-1950) was a world-renowned dancer with the Ballets Russes in Paris. Her aunt Bronia (1891-1972) also excelled in dance and was a leading choreographer, initially with Ballets Russes. Her mother Romola de Pulszky was a socialite and author. Romola's mother, Kyra's grandmother, was Emilia M\u00e1rkus, a popular Hungarian actress. Kyra was born to Romola and Vaslav in Vienna. During Kyra's earliest years she evidently delighted in her father's love and affection. Unfortunately he became unbalanced and by 1917 had ceased performing, yet his fame as a star of ballet did not fade. Kyra's family, however, became chaotic, unhappy, and distant. With her father living in institutions, her mother sent her and her younger sister Tamara to boarding schools. Kyra's resemblance to her father Vaslav was remarkable, 'uncanny'. After taking early dance lessons (both professional and from her father and her aunt), she chose it as her career. Her mother disapproved. An American woman volunteered her early support. While living alone in Berlin in 1931, Kyra began dancing in Ida Rubinstein's ballet company, directed by her aunt Bronia."], "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#4", "question": "did she dance with anybody famous?", "rewrite": "did Vaslav Nijinsky dance with anybody famous?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "Kyra Nijinsky Kyra Vaslavovna Nijinsky (19 June 1914 \u2013 1 September 1998), was a ballet dancer of Polish and Hungarian ancestry, with a Russian dance and cultural heritage. She was the daughter of Vaslav Nijinsky and the niece of Bronislava Nijinska. In the 1930s she appeared in ballets mounted by Ida Rubinstein, Max Reinhardt, Marie Rambert, Frederick Ashton, Antony Tudor. Her father Vaslav (1889-1950) was a world-renowned dancer with the Ballets Russes in Paris. Her aunt Bronia (1891-1972) also excelled in dance and was a leading choreographer, initially with Ballets Russes. Her mother Romola de Pulszky was a socialite and author. Romola's mother, Kyra's grandmother, was Emilia M\u00e1rkus, a popular Hungarian actress. Kyra was born to Romola and Vaslav in Vienna. During Kyra's earliest years she evidently delighted in her father's love and affection. Unfortunately he became unbalanced and by 1917 had ceased performing, yet his fame as a star of ballet did not fade. Kyra's family, however, became chaotic, unhappy, and distant. With her father living in institutions, her mother sent her and her younger sister Tamara to boarding schools. Kyra's resemblance to her father Vaslav was remarkable, 'uncanny'. After taking early dance lessons (both professional and from her father and her aunt), she chose it as her career. Her mother disapproved. An American woman volunteered her early support. While living alone in Berlin in 1931, Kyra began dancing in Ida Rubinstein's ballet company, directed by her aunt Bronia.", "Leonid was selected for the role. This performance and rehearsal period ignited his lifelong passion for acting. Leonid was selected for three more professional roles at the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters through the 1908-1909 season. In 1909, Konstantin was killed during a hunting accident. Leonid never seemed to fully recover from the shock and devastation of this personal tragedy. In August 1913, Massine graduated from the Moscow Imperial Theater School and almost immediately joined the Bolshoi Ballet. In December of the same year, Serge Diaghilev came to Moscow in search of a dancer for a new production of \"The Legend of Joseph.\" His lover, Vaslav Nijinsky, had originally been cast in the role, but Diaghilev terminated Nijinsky's contract upon his marriage to Romola de Pulszky. Diaghilev was attracted to Massine's onstage presence and acting, and invited him to audition for the choreographer, Mikhail Fokine. After the audition in St. Petersburg, Massine joined Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes. From 1915 to 1921 Massine was the principal choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Following the departure of Vaslav Nijinsky, the company's first male star, Massine became the preeminent male star and took over Nijinsky's roles. His first ballet, in 1915, called \"Le Soleil de Nuit\", used Russian folklore elements. The ballet \"Parade\" premiered at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, on May 18th 1917. The ballet is based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau. \" Parade\" is about a group of circus performers trying to lure a reluctant audience into the tent before the show begins. The sets and costume designs were by Pablo Picasso, who designed large cubist structures for the dancers to wear.", "Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks"], "answer": {"text": "He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee,", "answer_start": 724}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was his salary?", "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#5", "question": "did he ever get married?", "rewrite": "did Vaslav Nijinsky ever get married?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks", "Kyra Nijinsky Kyra Vaslavovna Nijinsky (19 June 1914 \u2013 1 September 1998), was a ballet dancer of Polish and Hungarian ancestry, with a Russian dance and cultural heritage. She was the daughter of Vaslav Nijinsky and the niece of Bronislava Nijinska. In the 1930s she appeared in ballets mounted by Ida Rubinstein, Max Reinhardt, Marie Rambert, Frederick Ashton, Antony Tudor. Her father Vaslav (1889-1950) was a world-renowned dancer with the Ballets Russes in Paris. Her aunt Bronia (1891-1972) also excelled in dance and was a leading choreographer, initially with Ballets Russes. Her mother Romola de Pulszky was a socialite and author. Romola's mother, Kyra's grandmother, was Emilia M\u00e1rkus, a popular Hungarian actress. Kyra was born to Romola and Vaslav in Vienna. During Kyra's earliest years she evidently delighted in her father's love and affection. Unfortunately he became unbalanced and by 1917 had ceased performing, yet his fame as a star of ballet did not fade. Kyra's family, however, became chaotic, unhappy, and distant. With her father living in institutions, her mother sent her and her younger sister Tamara to boarding schools. Kyra's resemblance to her father Vaslav was remarkable, 'uncanny'. After taking early dance lessons (both professional and from her father and her aunt), she chose it as her career. Her mother disapproved. An American woman volunteered her early support. While living alone in Berlin in 1931, Kyra began dancing in Ida Rubinstein's ballet company, directed by her aunt Bronia.", "Leonid was selected for the role. This performance and rehearsal period ignited his lifelong passion for acting. Leonid was selected for three more professional roles at the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters through the 1908-1909 season. In 1909, Konstantin was killed during a hunting accident. Leonid never seemed to fully recover from the shock and devastation of this personal tragedy. In August 1913, Massine graduated from the Moscow Imperial Theater School and almost immediately joined the Bolshoi Ballet. In December of the same year, Serge Diaghilev came to Moscow in search of a dancer for a new production of \"The Legend of Joseph.\" His lover, Vaslav Nijinsky, had originally been cast in the role, but Diaghilev terminated Nijinsky's contract upon his marriage to Romola de Pulszky. Diaghilev was attracted to Massine's onstage presence and acting, and invited him to audition for the choreographer, Mikhail Fokine. After the audition in St. Petersburg, Massine joined Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes. From 1915 to 1921 Massine was the principal choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Following the departure of Vaslav Nijinsky, the company's first male star, Massine became the preeminent male star and took over Nijinsky's roles. His first ballet, in 1915, called \"Le Soleil de Nuit\", used Russian folklore elements. The ballet \"Parade\" premiered at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, on May 18th 1917. The ballet is based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau. \" Parade\" is about a group of circus performers trying to lure a reluctant audience into the tent before the show begins. The sets and costume designs were by Pablo Picasso, who designed large cubist structures for the dancers to wear."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was his salary?", "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she dance with anybody famous?", "answer": {"text": "He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee,", "answer_start": 724, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#6", "question": "what else happened?", "rewrite": "Besides dancing with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina, what else happened to Vaslav Nijinsky?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers. These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career. Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary, his new earnings from giving dance classes, and his sister Bronia's employment with the ballet company, the family moved to a larger flat on Torgovaya Ulitsa. The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year. He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee, where he succeeded in an atypical role for him involving humour and flirtation. Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin. Nijinsky had a minor role, but it allowed him to show off his technical abilities with leaps and pirouettes. The partnership of Fokine, Benois and Nijinsky was repeated throughout his career. Shortly after, he upstaged his own performance, appearing in the Bluebird pas de deux from the Sleeping Beauty, partnering Lydia Kyasht. The Mariinsky audience was deeply familiar with the piece, but exploded with enthusiasm for his performance and his appearing to fly, an effect he continued to have on audiences with the piece during his career. In subsequent years, Nijinsky was given several soloist roles.", "Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks", "From 1952-1955, Gielgud trained in London and Paris with such artists as George Gontcharov, Olga Preobrajenska, Tamara Karsavina, Lydia Kyasht, Nadine Nicolaeva-Legat, Stanislas Idzikovski and Rachel Cameron. From 1956-1961, Gielgud trained in Cannes, Monte Carlo and Paris with such artists as Julie Sedova, Lubov Egorova, Victor Gsovski, Mischa Reznikov, Paul Goub\u00e9, Rosella Hightower and Marika Besobrasova. From 1961-1962 she danced in the corps de ballet of the Ballet de Roland Petit. In 1962 she was a member of the corps de ballet of the Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas before dancing as a soloist in 1962 with the Ballet de l'Etoile de Milorad Miskovitch. In 1963 she was a soloist for the Hommage au Marquis de Cuevas before joining the Grand Ballet Classique de France as Premi\u00e8re Danseuse until 1967. Until 1971 she was the principal artist at the Ballet du XX\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle Maurice B\u00e9jart. For two years she was the principal artist at the Staatsoper Ballet Berlin. She then joined the London Festival Ballet until 1976. She became a principal artist with the Sadlers Wells Royal Ballet until 1978. In the years 1975-1981 she was the guest artist with the following companies: Gielgud joined London Festival Ballet as a Principal Artist in 1972. During her four years there her repertoire included \"Swan Lake\", \"Giselle\", \"The Sleeping Beauty\", \"Don Quixote\", \"The Nutcracker\" and \"Le Baiser de la F\u00e9e\", which was created for her.", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "Lydia Kyasht Lydia Georgievna Kyasht (25 March 1885 \u2014 11 January 1959) was a Russian British ballerina and dance teacher. She was described by one critic as \"the World's Most Beautiful Dancer\" in 1914. Lydia Georgievna Kyasht was born in St. Petersburg, the daughter of George Kyasht and Agaffia Poubiloff. Her older brother George Kyasht also had a successful career in ballet. She trained as a dancer at the St. Petersburg Imperial Ballet School. Kyaksht danced at the Mariinsky Theatre from 1902 to 1908, and was a soloist with the Bolshoi Ballet in 1903-1904. She moved to England in 1908, to be ballerina at the Empire Theatre. She also danced with the Ballets Russes. Her first performance in New York City happened in 1914, when she appeared in a Broadway revue called \"The Whirl of the World\". She appeared in at least two silent films, \"Foolish Monte Carlo\" (also titled \"The Black Spider\", 1920, now lost), and \"The Dance of the Moods\" (1924). In 1929 she published a memoir, \"Romantic Reflections\". Kyasht opened a ballet school in London after World War I. During World War II, her company of young dancers, Ballet de la Jeunesse Anglaise, made several tours. Lydia Kyaksht married Alexis A. Ragosin, a military officer from St. Petersburg. Their daughter Lydia Kyasht Jr. was also a dancer, and a choreographer, who inherited her mother's role as director of the Cirencester Dance Club. Lydia Kyaksht was widowed in 1954, and died in 1959, aged 72 years. Papers related to her ballet company are archived in the Victoria and Albert Museum's Theatre and Performance collection."], "answer": {"text": "Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin.", "answer_start": 907}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was his salary?", "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she dance with anybody famous?", "answer": {"text": "He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee,", "answer_start": 724, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever get married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#7", "question": "did he spend a lot of time with the royal family?", "rewrite": "did Vaslav Nijinsky spend a lot of time with the royal family?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Kyra Nijinsky Kyra Vaslavovna Nijinsky (19 June 1914 \u2013 1 September 1998), was a ballet dancer of Polish and Hungarian ancestry, with a Russian dance and cultural heritage. She was the daughter of Vaslav Nijinsky and the niece of Bronislava Nijinska. In the 1930s she appeared in ballets mounted by Ida Rubinstein, Max Reinhardt, Marie Rambert, Frederick Ashton, Antony Tudor. Her father Vaslav (1889-1950) was a world-renowned dancer with the Ballets Russes in Paris. Her aunt Bronia (1891-1972) also excelled in dance and was a leading choreographer, initially with Ballets Russes. Her mother Romola de Pulszky was a socialite and author. Romola's mother, Kyra's grandmother, was Emilia M\u00e1rkus, a popular Hungarian actress. Kyra was born to Romola and Vaslav in Vienna. During Kyra's earliest years she evidently delighted in her father's love and affection. Unfortunately he became unbalanced and by 1917 had ceased performing, yet his fame as a star of ballet did not fade. Kyra's family, however, became chaotic, unhappy, and distant. With her father living in institutions, her mother sent her and her younger sister Tamara to boarding schools. Kyra's resemblance to her father Vaslav was remarkable, 'uncanny'. After taking early dance lessons (both professional and from her father and her aunt), she chose it as her career. Her mother disapproved. An American woman volunteered her early support. While living alone in Berlin in 1931, Kyra began dancing in Ida Rubinstein's ballet company, directed by her aunt Bronia.", "Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "Leonid was selected for the role. This performance and rehearsal period ignited his lifelong passion for acting. Leonid was selected for three more professional roles at the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters through the 1908-1909 season. In 1909, Konstantin was killed during a hunting accident. Leonid never seemed to fully recover from the shock and devastation of this personal tragedy. In August 1913, Massine graduated from the Moscow Imperial Theater School and almost immediately joined the Bolshoi Ballet. In December of the same year, Serge Diaghilev came to Moscow in search of a dancer for a new production of \"The Legend of Joseph.\" His lover, Vaslav Nijinsky, had originally been cast in the role, but Diaghilev terminated Nijinsky's contract upon his marriage to Romola de Pulszky. Diaghilev was attracted to Massine's onstage presence and acting, and invited him to audition for the choreographer, Mikhail Fokine. After the audition in St. Petersburg, Massine joined Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes. From 1915 to 1921 Massine was the principal choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Following the departure of Vaslav Nijinsky, the company's first male star, Massine became the preeminent male star and took over Nijinsky's roles. His first ballet, in 1915, called \"Le Soleil de Nuit\", used Russian folklore elements. The ballet \"Parade\" premiered at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, on May 18th 1917. The ballet is based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau. \" Parade\" is about a group of circus performers trying to lure a reluctant audience into the tent before the show begins. The sets and costume designs were by Pablo Picasso, who designed large cubist structures for the dancers to wear."], "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility,", "answer_start": 155}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was his salary?", "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she dance with anybody famous?", "answer": {"text": "He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee,", "answer_start": 724, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever get married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else happened?", "answer": {"text": "Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin.", "answer_start": 907, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#8", "question": "how the imperial family help his career?", "rewrite": "how the imperial family help Vaslav Nijinsky's career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kyra Nijinsky Kyra Vaslavovna Nijinsky (19 June 1914 \u2013 1 September 1998), was a ballet dancer of Polish and Hungarian ancestry, with a Russian dance and cultural heritage. She was the daughter of Vaslav Nijinsky and the niece of Bronislava Nijinska. In the 1930s she appeared in ballets mounted by Ida Rubinstein, Max Reinhardt, Marie Rambert, Frederick Ashton, Antony Tudor. Her father Vaslav (1889-1950) was a world-renowned dancer with the Ballets Russes in Paris. Her aunt Bronia (1891-1972) also excelled in dance and was a leading choreographer, initially with Ballets Russes. Her mother Romola de Pulszky was a socialite and author. Romola's mother, Kyra's grandmother, was Emilia M\u00e1rkus, a popular Hungarian actress. Kyra was born to Romola and Vaslav in Vienna. During Kyra's earliest years she evidently delighted in her father's love and affection. Unfortunately he became unbalanced and by 1917 had ceased performing, yet his fame as a star of ballet did not fade. Kyra's family, however, became chaotic, unhappy, and distant. With her father living in institutions, her mother sent her and her younger sister Tamara to boarding schools. Kyra's resemblance to her father Vaslav was remarkable, 'uncanny'. After taking early dance lessons (both professional and from her father and her aunt), she chose it as her career. Her mother disapproved. An American woman volunteered her early support. While living alone in Berlin in 1931, Kyra began dancing in Ida Rubinstein's ballet company, directed by her aunt Bronia.", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles.", "Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks", "She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "Leonid was selected for the role. This performance and rehearsal period ignited his lifelong passion for acting. Leonid was selected for three more professional roles at the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters through the 1908-1909 season. In 1909, Konstantin was killed during a hunting accident. Leonid never seemed to fully recover from the shock and devastation of this personal tragedy. In August 1913, Massine graduated from the Moscow Imperial Theater School and almost immediately joined the Bolshoi Ballet. In December of the same year, Serge Diaghilev came to Moscow in search of a dancer for a new production of \"The Legend of Joseph.\" His lover, Vaslav Nijinsky, had originally been cast in the role, but Diaghilev terminated Nijinsky's contract upon his marriage to Romola de Pulszky. Diaghilev was attracted to Massine's onstage presence and acting, and invited him to audition for the choreographer, Mikhail Fokine. After the audition in St. Petersburg, Massine joined Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes. From 1915 to 1921 Massine was the principal choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Following the departure of Vaslav Nijinsky, the company's first male star, Massine became the preeminent male star and took over Nijinsky's roles. His first ballet, in 1915, called \"Le Soleil de Nuit\", used Russian folklore elements. The ballet \"Parade\" premiered at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, on May 18th 1917. The ballet is based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau. \" Parade\" is about a group of circus performers trying to lure a reluctant audience into the tent before the show begins. The sets and costume designs were by Pablo Picasso, who designed large cubist structures for the dancers to wear."], "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle.", "answer_start": 300}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was his salary?", "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she dance with anybody famous?", "answer": {"text": "He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee,", "answer_start": 724, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever get married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else happened?", "answer": {"text": "Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin.", "answer_start": 907, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he spend a lot of time with the royal family?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility,", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#9", "question": "how much was the watch worth?", "rewrite": "how much was the gold watch inscribed with the royal family's Imperial Eagle worth?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers. These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career. Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary, his new earnings from giving dance classes, and his sister Bronia's employment with the ballet company, the family moved to a larger flat on Torgovaya Ulitsa. The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year. He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee, where he succeeded in an atypical role for him involving humour and flirtation. Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin. Nijinsky had a minor role, but it allowed him to show off his technical abilities with leaps and pirouettes. The partnership of Fokine, Benois and Nijinsky was repeated throughout his career. Shortly after, he upstaged his own performance, appearing in the Bluebird pas de deux from the Sleeping Beauty, partnering Lydia Kyasht. The Mariinsky audience was deeply familiar with the piece, but exploded with enthusiasm for his performance and his appearing to fly, an effect he continued to have on audiences with the piece during his career. In subsequent years, Nijinsky was given several soloist roles.", "Studies on DNA have indicated that the imperial eagle is part of a subgroup with other moderately sized \"Aquila\" such as the steppe eagle (\"Aquila nipalensis\") and the tawny eagle (\"Aquila rapax\"). Despite the outward resemblance to the imperial eagle, the 4 species in the golden eagle subgroup appear to rather more closely related to the dissimilarly smallish and pale-bellied sister species, African hawk eagle (\"Aquila spilogaster\") and Bonelli's eagle (\"Aquila fasicata\"). The Spanish imperial eagle, which is found in Spain and Portugal, was formerly lumped with this species, the name imperial eagle having been previously used in both circumstances. However, the two are now regarded as separate species due to significant differences in morphology, ecology and molecular characteristics. It is likely that the eastern imperial eagle is the paraspecies for the Spanish imperial eagle and that the imperial eagle complex reached the Iberian peninsula sometimes between the late Pleistocene era and early Holocene. The Spanish imperial eagle may be considered an ice age relict due to its isolation. The eastern imperial eagle is quite a large eagle but usually falls near the middle of sizes in the large-bodied genus \"Aquila\". Adult total length can range from with a typical wingspan of . The average wingspan of a small sample showed males to average while a small sample of females averaged . Although otherwise outwardly similar, the species displays reserve sexual dimorphism as do most birds of prey, in which males are usually smaller than the females. For the eastern imperial eagle, females are up to 10% larger linearly and 40% heavier in body mass in some cases. In terms of body mass, one survey found five males to weigh from and five females to weigh from .", "Imperial Eagle beaker  An Imperial Eagle beaker (), or eagle glass, was a popular drinking vessel from the 16th until the late 18th century in the Holy Roman Empire. The glass was decorated with a double-headed eagle, usually in the shape of a quaternion. The \"Reichsadler\" means \"Imperial Eagle\" or double-headed eagle which was the emblem of the empire, while \"humpen\" refers to a cylindrical drinking glass. These beakers became the essential medium to represent the most popular explanatory model for the emergence of the Empire: the quaternion theory as represented by Hans Burgkmair. The Imperial Eagle beakers showed the solidarity between the owner and the Empire and were very popular because of their decorativeness and luminous colors. But these drinking vessels were also valued for their generous size. Equally popular were the electors' beakers, which were decorated with illustrations of the emperor and electors as the most important representatives of the Empire. Many good examples of Imperial Eagle beakers are on display in museums worldwide. At auctions well-preserved pieces achieve a selling price of up to several thousand Euros. Most Imperial Eagle beakers had a capacity of three to four liters and were crafted from white or coloured glass. The cylindrical Imperial Eagle beakers are 20 to 32 cm in height and have a diameter of 10 to 15 cm. These beakers were occasionally crafted with a lid and a foot made out of brass or tin. The decorations were painted on the glass with enamel. This technique had reached Germany from Venice via Tirol. Using the enamel method, the paints were blended with crushed glass. After the surface was painted, the glasses were heated once again in order to melt the newly painted colour onto the surface. With this method, the durability of the painting and brightly shining colours was achieved.", "Originally, the eagle was represented with the holy cross or a picture of the crucified Jesus on its chest. The cross symbolized the Christian foundation of the Empire with the Imperial eagle protecting the church. Since the beginning of the 17th century, the crucified Jesus has generally been replaced with a representation of the Empire's orb. A total of 56 coats of arms of 'electors', as well as of estates of the empire and of imperial cities are depicted on the wings in quaternion formation as a symbol of the Imperial Constitution. The coats of arms of both the electors and the Pope are placed in the first row next to the eagle's head. Below, twelve stripes with four coats of arms each can be seen. Representations of the imperial eagle, the emperor and the electors have been common since the rule of Leopold I at the end of the 17th Century. The double-headed eagle, which symbolizes the Empire as a whole, is crowned and given a halo as a sign of the sanctity of the empire. Dedications can often be found on the back of the Imperial Eagle beaker, as well as explanations of the representation, the date of creation and the name of the glass creator. On a beaker from 1669, which today is exhibited in the museum \"Grimma\", one can read the following passage:  \"The Holy Roman Empire; with all members in the year 1669 Han\u00df George Sommer\" [1]. Toasts and blessings from the end of the Thirty Years' War point to the use of the Imperial Eagle beaker at welcoming ceremonies. They were also used at the meetings of guilds: the large capacity is an indication of this. In the 16th and 17th century representations of the emperor, electors and the imperial eagle were very popular.", "Spanish imperial eagle The Spanish imperial eagle (\"Aquila adalberti\"), also known as the Iberian imperial eagle, Spanish eagle, or Adalbert's eagle, is a threatened species of eagle native to the Iberian Peninsula. The binomial commemorates Prince Adalbert of Bavaria. Formerly, the Spanish imperial eagle was considered to be a subspecies of the eastern imperial eagle, but is now widely recognised as a separate species due to differences in morphology, ecology, and molecular characteristics. This is a large raptor and fairly large eagle, broadly similar in size to its cousin, the eastern imperial eagle, which is found in a considerably different distributional range. Compared to sympatric largish booted eagles, it is somewhat smaller than the golden eagle and somewhat larger than the Bonelli's eagle. Spanish imperial eagle can weigh from , with average weights ranging from . This species has a total length of and a wingspan of . The adult resembles the eastern imperial eagle and can superficially suggest the golden eagle (especially when distantly seen), but is overall a darker color than either, a rich blackish-brown which extends all the way to the throat. Like the eastern imperial, the adult has a broad distinctive white band on the shoulder and leading edge of the wing and a much paler tawny color on the nape and crown, unlike the golden-yellow color on a similar area in the golden eagle. The juvenile Spanish imperial eagle is very different from adults and other large raptors in this range, being overall a uniform pale straw-sandy colour, contrasting with broad black bands on both the upper and lower sides of the wings."], "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 657}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was his salary?", "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she dance with anybody famous?", "answer": {"text": "He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee,", "answer_start": 724, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever get married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else happened?", "answer": {"text": "Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin.", "answer_start": 907, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he spend a lot of time with the royal family?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility,", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how the imperial family help his career?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle.", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f902411e372647c9820071db198d94b8_0_q#10", "question": "anything else?", "rewrite": "Besides Vaslav Nijinsky working as a coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year, is there anything else in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Although Bronislave Nijinska is often identified as the sister of the celebrated Vaslav Nijinsky, she was a major artist in her own right and a key figure in the development of twentieth-century ballet. ... As one of twentieth-century's ballet's great innovators, she transformed the art ... During a 1913 Ballets Russes tour in South American, Nijinsky married Romola de Pulszky, which created controversy. Nijinsky was alone, as Nijinska's pregnancy had kept her in Europe. She explains in her memoirs that Vaslav was very reserved and, other than herself, had few confidants or close colleagues in the dance world. When her brother married in 1913, Diaghilev terminated his position at Ballets Russes. In solidarity Nijinska then also left the company. Nijinska speculated that hidden manipulations had motivated events, whereby Diaghilev had secured financing and the return of Fokine by getting rid of her brother Nijinsky. The break left emotional scars, and a sense of betrayal. Yet Diaghilev continued to admire her and her work, and offered her opportunities in ballet. Nijinska had left the Ballet Russes. She elected to follow her brother Vaslav after Diaghilev dismissed him from the company over artistic quarrels, his military draft status, his September, 1913, marriage in Buenos Aires, and his demand for payments in arrears. In early 1914 Vaslav Nijinsky, with Bronislava's later assistance, started a new ballet company in London: Saison Nijinsky. Yet Nijinska learned there was only a short time to prepare for its premiere performance. Vaslav had signed a contract to open at a dance hall, the London Palace Theatre, in four and a half weeks", "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers. These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career. Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary, his new earnings from giving dance classes, and his sister Bronia's employment with the ballet company, the family moved to a larger flat on Torgovaya Ulitsa. The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year. He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee, where he succeeded in an atypical role for him involving humour and flirtation. Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin. Nijinsky had a minor role, but it allowed him to show off his technical abilities with leaps and pirouettes. The partnership of Fokine, Benois and Nijinsky was repeated throughout his career. Shortly after, he upstaged his own performance, appearing in the Bluebird pas de deux from the Sleeping Beauty, partnering Lydia Kyasht. The Mariinsky audience was deeply familiar with the piece, but exploded with enthusiasm for his performance and his appearing to fly, an effect he continued to have on audiences with the piece during his career. In subsequent years, Nijinsky was given several soloist roles.", "She cared for her when ill, until she died in 1932. During her early years and into her mid-twenties, Bronislava Nijinsky was under the strong influence of her older brother Vaslav Nijinsky, whose brilliance became widely celebrated. Both Vatsa and Broni were trained from the start by their dancer parents. She learned from her brother's example, as he preceded her in their childhood adventures, in ballet school, and then on the stage. When Nijinsky came to design his first choreographies, Nijinska as a ballet dancer assisted, following his detailed instructions as he tried out new steps and innovative poses. Her 1912 marriage, however, shook the artistic \"bond between the brother and sister\". Bronia nonetheless continued her sibling loyalty. She showed her support for Vaslav's career, especially during his 1914 production of \"Season Nijinsky\" in London. In 1913 Vaslav married Romola de Pulszky suddenly while in Argentina. It was a confounding surprise to his mother and sister. In 1917 his ballet career ended in confusion and controversy. Thereafter he lived with Romola and their children in Switzerland for many years. He died in Sussex, UK, in 1950. Vaslav was survived by his wife and by Kyra and Tamara, their two daughters; and by Tamara's daughter, and by Kyra's son Vaslav Markevitch. In 1931 Kyra had danced in her aunt Bronia's company 'Ballets Nijinska'. Nijinska married twice. Her first husband, Alexandre Kochetovsky, was a fellow dancer for Ballet Russes. She calls him 'Sasha' in her \"Early Memoirs\". Married in London in 1912, they soon left for Russia.", "Leonid was selected for the role. This performance and rehearsal period ignited his lifelong passion for acting. Leonid was selected for three more professional roles at the Bolshoi and Maly Theaters through the 1908-1909 season. In 1909, Konstantin was killed during a hunting accident. Leonid never seemed to fully recover from the shock and devastation of this personal tragedy. In August 1913, Massine graduated from the Moscow Imperial Theater School and almost immediately joined the Bolshoi Ballet. In December of the same year, Serge Diaghilev came to Moscow in search of a dancer for a new production of \"The Legend of Joseph.\" His lover, Vaslav Nijinsky, had originally been cast in the role, but Diaghilev terminated Nijinsky's contract upon his marriage to Romola de Pulszky. Diaghilev was attracted to Massine's onstage presence and acting, and invited him to audition for the choreographer, Mikhail Fokine. After the audition in St. Petersburg, Massine joined Diaghilev and his Ballets Russes. From 1915 to 1921 Massine was the principal choreographer of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Following the departure of Vaslav Nijinsky, the company's first male star, Massine became the preeminent male star and took over Nijinsky's roles. His first ballet, in 1915, called \"Le Soleil de Nuit\", used Russian folklore elements. The ballet \"Parade\" premiered at the Theatre du Chatelet in Paris, on May 18th 1917. The ballet is based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau. \" Parade\" is about a group of circus performers trying to lure a reluctant audience into the tent before the show begins. The sets and costume designs were by Pablo Picasso, who designed large cubist structures for the dancers to wear.", "The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky The Diaries of Vaslav Nijinsky is a 2001 Australian film written, shot, directed and edited by Paul Cox about Vaslav Nijinsky, based on the premier danseur's published diaries. Cox had the idea of making a film about Nijinsky for over 30 years ever since he heard Paul Scofield read extracts from Nijinksky's diaries on the radio. He used voiceover readings by Derek Jacobi combined with images related to the dancer's life. Several dancers from Leigh Warren & Dancers portrayed Nijinsky in different roles."], "answer": {"text": "Shortly after, he upstaged his own performance, appearing in the Bluebird pas de deux from the Sleeping Beauty, partnering Lydia Kyasht.", "answer_start": 1232}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "how did Vaslav Nijinsky's career start?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky spent his summer after graduation rehearsing and then performing at Krasnoe Selo in a makeshift theatre with an audience mainly of army officers.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do after that?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility, whose support and interest were essential to a career.", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why were they essential?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle. Buoyed by Nijinsky's salary,", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was his salary?", "answer": {"text": "The new season at the Mariinsky theatre began in September 1907, with Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 587, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she dance with anybody famous?", "answer": {"text": "He appeared with Sedova, Lydia Kyasht and Karsavina. Kchessinska partnered him in La Fille Mal Gardee,", "answer_start": 724, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever get married?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what else happened?", "answer": {"text": "Designer Alexandre Benois proposed a ballet based upon Le Pavillon d'Armide, choreographed by Fokine to music by Nikolai Tcherepnin.", "answer_start": 907, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he spend a lot of time with the royal family?", "answer": {"text": "These performances frequently included members of the Imperial family and other nobility,", "answer_start": 155, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how the imperial family help his career?", "answer": {"text": "Each dancer who performed before the Tsar received a gold watch inscribed with the Imperial Eagle.", "answer_start": 300, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how much was the watch worth?", "answer": {"text": "Nijinsky employed as coryphee on a salary of 780 roubles per year.", "answer_start": 657, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#0", "question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "rewrite": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Green had been in two bands with Mick Fleetwood, Peter B's Looners and the subsequent Shotgun Express (which featured a young Rod Stewart as vocalist), and suggested Fleetwood as a replacement for drummer Aynsley Dunbar when Dunbar left the Bluesbreakers to join the new Jeff Beck/Rod Stewart band. John Mayall agreed and Fleetwood joined the Bluesbreakers. The Bluesbreakers now consisted of Green, Fleetwood, John McVie and Mayall. Mayall gave Green free recording time as a gift, in which Fleetwood, McVie and Green recorded five songs. The fifth song was an instrumental that Green named after the rhythm section, \"Fleetwood Mac\". Soon after this, Green suggested to Fleetwood that they form a new band. The pair wanted McVie on bass guitar and named the band 'Fleetwood Mac' to entice him, but McVie opted to keep his steady income with Mayall rather than take a risk with a new band. In the meantime Peter Green and Mick Fleetwood had teamed up with slide guitarist Jeremy Spencer and bassist Bob Brunning. Brunning was in the band on the understanding that he would leave if McVie agreed to join. The Green, Fleetwood, Spencer, Brunning version of the band made its debut on 13 August 1967 at the Windsor Jazz and Blues Festival as 'Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac', also featuring Jeremy Spencer. Brunning played only a few gigs with Fleetwood Mac. Within weeks of this show, John McVie agreed to join the band as permanent bassist. Fleetwood Mac's self-titled debut album was a no-frills blues album and was released by the Blue Horizon label in February 1968. There were no other players on the album (except on the song \"Long Grey Mare\", which was recorded with Brunning on bass).", "Blue Again! Blue Again is a live album by the Mick Fleetwood Blues Band, featuring Rick Vito, released in 2008. It was recorded at The Sheldon Concert Hall in St. Louis, Missouri on 8 February 2008. The album represented a return to the blues music with which Fleetwood first found success, as a founding member of Fleetwood Mac in the late 1960s. In the sleeve notes, he dedicated the album to his original Fleetwood Mac bandmates, Peter Green, John McVie and Jeremy Spencer, and to the legacy of Fleetwood Mac. Around half the tracks on the album were Peter Green compositions. Fleetwood did not seek to copy the original Fleetwood Mac, rather to \"pay it tribute by creating something both historically respectful yet new and invigorated. \" To this end, he recruited former Fleetwood Mac guitarist Rick Vito, who had played on the \"Behind the Mask\" album in 1990, together with two relative unknowns, Lenny Castellanos and Mark Johnstone, to form the Mick Fleetwood Blues Band. The band subsequently undertook a tour of the United States, and later in 2008, Europe, including an appearance at the Notodden Blues Festival in Norway. The album was accompanied by a short bonus CD of studio recordings, including new versions of Green's \"Albatross\" and \"The Supernatural\", recorded in Nashville and Hawaii.", "Fleetwood also led a number of side projects. 1981's The Visitor produced by Richard Dashut, featured heavy African stylistics and a rerecording of \"Rattlesnake Shake\" with Peter Green. The song \"You weren't in love\" was a hit in Brazil because of the Soap-opera Brilliant. In 1983 he formed Mick Fleetwood's Zoo and recorded I'm Not Me. The album featured a minor hit, \"I Want You Back\", and a cover version of the Beach Boys' \"Angel Come Home\". A later version of the group featured Bekka Bramlett on vocals and recorded 1991's Shaking the Cage. Fleetwood released Something Big in 2004 with The Mick Fleetwood Band, and his most recent album is Blue Again!, appearing in October 2008 with the Mick Fleetwood Blues Band touring to support it, interspersed with the Unleashed tour of Fleetwood Mac. He has played drums on many of his bandmates' solo records, including Law and Order, where he played on the album's biggest hit, Trouble. Other albums include French Kiss, Three Hearts, The Wild Heart, Christine McVie, Try Me, Under the Skin, Gift of Screws, and In Your Dreams. In 2007 he was featured on drums for the song \"God\" along with Jack's Mannequin in the Pop album Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur, a collection of covers of John Lennon songs. In literature, Fleetwood co-authored Fleetwood - My Life and Adventures with Fleetwood Mac with writer Stephen Davis, published by William Morrow & Co. in 1990. In the book he candidly discussed his experiences with other musicians including Eric Clapton, members of The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, as well as the affair with Stevie Nicks and his addiction to cocaine and his personal bankruptcy. Reception was mixed.", "\"Play On\", stating that \"Rattlesnake Shake\" is an ode to masturbation as a cure for the blues. \"I'm named in it, as a guy who does the rattlesnake shake to jerk away my sadness whenever I don't have a chick. That was an appropriate immortalisation of my younger self... \" To achieve the rustling noises heard at the end of each chorus, Green found it appropriate to insert the sounds of an actual rattlesnake found on an audio tape. The song has been well-received; the magazine \"Rolling Stone\" hailed the track as Peter Green's best song along with \"Albatross. \" Ultimate Classic Rock\" placed it at #7 on their Top 10 'Peter Green Fleetwood Mac Songs' list. Paste Magazine also ranked the song number #19 on the \"20 Best Fleetwood Mac Songs Of All Time\", and was just one of two Peter Green songs to appear on the list, the other being \" Oh Well\". A different recording of \"Rattlesnake Shake\" also appears on Mick Fleetwood's solo album, The Visitor. Released in 1981, this recording featured Peter Green, the track's composer, on guitar and vocals. During this time, Peter Green was beginning to reemerge professionally and had released a series of solo albums. Unlike the 1969 original, the rerecorded 1981 version did manage to chart, peaking at #30 on the Mainstream Rock chart. Also in 1981, Bob Welch recorded a live version of the track on his album Live at The Roxy, with contributions from Stevie Nicks (tambourine), Christine McVie (maracas), Mick Fleetwood (drums), Robbie Patton (cowbell), Alvin Taylor (guitar), Robin Sylvester (bass), Joey Brasler (guitar), and David Adelstein (keyboards).", "List of Fleetwood Mac members Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, originally formed in London. Formed in July 1967, the group originally consisted of lead guitarist and vocalist Peter Green, slide guitarist and vocalist Jeremy Spencer, bassist Bob Brunning and drummer Mick Fleetwood. The band's current lineup includes Fleetwood, bassist John McVie (since September 1967), keyboardist and vocalist Christine McVie (originally joined in August 1970, and most recently since January 2014), vocalist Stevie Nicks (from December 1974 to December 1990, and since March 1997), and guitarists Mike Campbell and Neil Finn (both since April 2018). Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, originally formed in London. After leaving John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, guitarist and vocalist Peter Green and drummer Mick Fleetwood formed Fleetwood Mac in July 1967 with slide guitarist Jeremy Spencer and bassist Bob Brunning, the latter of whom was soon replaced by John McVie \u2013 Green and Fleetwood's original choice for the role \u2013 in September. Danny Kirwan was added as a third guitarist following the release of \"Mr. Wonderful\" in August 1968. Green suddenly left the band in 1970 due to problems with drug abuse and mental health issues, playing his last show with the band on 20 May. McVie's wife Christine \u2013 who had collaborated with the band multiple times \u2013 joined on keyboards and vocals shortly after Green's departure, officially becoming a member in August. During a United States tour in February 1971, Spencer departed Fleetwood Mac after leaving the band's Los Angeles hotel and not returning; it was later revealed that he had joined the Children of God organisation. Green temporarily returned to take Spencer's place on the tour, with Bob Welch joining after its conclusion."], "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#1", "question": "Did it do well in sales?", "rewrite": "Did Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac do well in sales?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Clifford Davis (music manager) Clifford Davis is a British musician and music manager, chiefly known for his time as manager of successful blues rock band Fleetwood Mac from 1967 to 1974. Davis's name is actually Clifford Adams. He was 'Cliff Adams' to the members of the early Fleetwood Mac circa 1967, but by 1969 had changed his surname to Davis to avoid confusion with the British vocal group The Cliff Adams Singers. He continued to use the name Adams in songwriting credits, such as those he shared with band founder Peter Green for legal or copyright reasons on the 1968 album Mr Wonderful. Davis (as Cliff Adams) worked for Beatles manager Brian Epstein before being brought in to run the Gunnel Brothers Agency in London, which was handling all of Fleetwood Mac's work, in 1967. Peter Green came in one day shortly after Davis had arrived and said he was dissatisfied with the way the agency was promoting the band and their new single, \"Black Magic Woman\". Davis, having been thus introduced to Fleetwood Mac, thought the band was \"stunning\" and immediately did all he could to help them. Like Green, Davis was a tough East End Cockney: he liked and respected Green and Green, impressed by his enthusiasm, asked Davis to be their manager. Having also managed Curved Air, his tenure as Fleetwood Mac's band manager came to an end during 1974 when he started promoting a different band under the name of Fleetwood Mac, after the original band had been forced to cancel or disrupt a number of tours. The band's leader Peter Green left in 1970 after a bout with drug use and mental illness. In February 1971, guitarist Jeremy Spencer quit the group without prior notice causing concerts to be cancelled and another guitarist, Danny Kirwan, was sacked in the middle of a tour in August 1972.", "With McVie now in Fleetwood Mac, the band recorded its first album, the eponymous \"Fleetwood Mac\" in the following months. The album was released in February 1968, and became an immediate national hit, establishing Fleetwood Mac as a major part in the English Blues movement. Fleetwood Mac started playing live gigs in blues clubs and pubs throughout England, and became a household name in the national blues circuit. In the next three years, the band scored a string of hits in the UK and also enjoyed success in continental Europe. While on tour, Fleetwood Mac would often share venues with fellow blues band Chicken Shack. It was on one such occasion that McVie met his future wife, the lead singer and piano player of Chicken Shack, Christine Perfect. Following a brief romance of, it has been said, only two weeks, McVie and Perfect got married with Peter Green as best man. With the couple being unable to spend much time together because of the constant touring with their bands, Christine (now McVie) quit Chicken Shack to become a housewife to spend more time with John. However, following the departure of Peter Green from Fleetwood Mac in 1970, McVie successfully persuaded Christine to join him in Fleetwood Mac. After 1970, Fleetwood Mac went through several different line-ups, which occasionally became the source of friction and unease within the band. In addition, frequent touring as well as his heavy drinking began to put some strain on his marriage to Christine. In 1974, the McVies, along with the other members of Fleetwood Mac, moved to Los Angeles, where they lived briefly with John Mayall. In 1975, Fleetwood Mac achieved enormous worldwide success after recruiting American singer-songwriter duo Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham.", "Chicken Shack had a hit with \"I'd Rather Go Blind\", which featured McVie on lead vocals. McVie received a Melody Maker award for female vocalist in both 1969 and 1970. McVie left Chicken Shack in 1969 after marrying Fleetwood Mac bassist John McVie a year earlier. McVie was a fan of Fleetwood Mac, and while touring with Chicken Shack, the two bands would often meet. They also were \"label mates\" at Blue Horizon, and Fleetwood Mac had asked her to play piano as a session musician for Peter Green's songs on the band's second album, \"Mr. Wonderful\". Encouraged to continue her career, McVie recorded a solo album, \"Christine Perfect\"; following her success as a member of Fleetwood Mac, the album was reissued under the name \"The Legendary Christine Perfect Album\". After marrying Fleetwood Mac bassist, John McVie, she joined Fleetwood Mac in 1970. She had already contributed backup vocals and painted the cover for \"Kiln House\". The band had just lost founding member Peter Green, and its members were nervous about touring without him. McVie had been a huge fan of the Peter Green-era Fleetwood Mac; and since she knew all the lyrics to their songs, she went along. McVie went on to become an integral member, another lead vocalist, and keyboardist of the group and the first album with her as a full-fledged band member was \"Future Games\". It was recorded at London's Advision Studios and included the first with American-born member Bob Welch in place of founding member Jeremy Spencer. Danny Kirwan was still in the band at this point, but he was fired in 1972 after an incident on tour where he refused to perform at a gig after a row with Welch.", "Fleetwood Mac in Chicago Fleetwood Mac in Chicago is an album by the rock band Fleetwood Mac. It was the result of a recording session in early 1969 at Chess Records in Chicago (home to Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, et al.) with Fleetwood Mac, then a young British blues band, and a number of famous Chicago blues artists from whom they drew inspiration. The album has also been released, with slightly different track listings, under the titles Blues Jam at Chess and Blues Jam in Chicago Volumes One and Two. The members of Fleetwood Mac at the time of this recording were Peter Green, Jeremy Spencer, Danny Kirwan, Mick Fleetwood, and John McVie. The Chicago blues musicians who played at this session were Otis Spann (piano, vocals), Willie Dixon (upright bass), Shakey Horton (harmonica, vocals), J.T. Brown (tenor saxophone, vocals), Buddy Guy (guitar), Honeyboy Edwards (guitar, vocals), and S.P. Leary (drums). Writing in \"Rolling Stone\" in 1976, Greil Marcus said, \"Thanks to the near-permanent success of the current \"Fleetwood Mac\" LP, virtually all the band's pre-Warner Bros. material \u2013 featuring guitarists Peter Green, Danny Kirwan and Jeremy Spencer \u2013 is back on the market. The best stuff is to be found on \"Fleetwood Mac in Chicago\" (Sire), a double album cut in '69 at the Chess studios, with real-life black bluesmen sitting in... The Fleetwood Mac that cut this album was a rough, derivative band, full of enthusiasm and committed to their music... The shade of Elmore James smiled on the band, and never more so than on \"Chicago\"...\"", "Green had been in two bands with Mick Fleetwood, Peter B's Looners and the subsequent Shotgun Express (which featured a young Rod Stewart as vocalist), and suggested Fleetwood as a replacement for drummer Aynsley Dunbar when Dunbar left the Bluesbreakers to join the new Jeff Beck/Rod Stewart band. John Mayall agreed and Fleetwood joined the Bluesbreakers. The Bluesbreakers now consisted of Green, Fleetwood, John McVie and Mayall. Mayall gave Green free recording time as a gift, in which Fleetwood, McVie and Green recorded five songs. The fifth song was an instrumental that Green named after the rhythm section, \"Fleetwood Mac\". Soon after this, Green suggested to Fleetwood that they form a new band. The pair wanted McVie on bass guitar and named the band 'Fleetwood Mac' to entice him, but McVie opted to keep his steady income with Mayall rather than take a risk with a new band. In the meantime Peter Green and Mick Fleetwood had teamed up with slide guitarist Jeremy Spencer and bassist Bob Brunning. Brunning was in the band on the understanding that he would leave if McVie agreed to join. The Green, Fleetwood, Spencer, Brunning version of the band made its debut on 13 August 1967 at the Windsor Jazz and Blues Festival as 'Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac', also featuring Jeremy Spencer. Brunning played only a few gigs with Fleetwood Mac. Within weeks of this show, John McVie agreed to join the band as permanent bassist. Fleetwood Mac's self-titled debut album was a no-frills blues album and was released by the Blue Horizon label in February 1968. There were no other players on the album (except on the song \"Long Grey Mare\", which was recorded with Brunning on bass)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#2", "question": "Was it well received by fans or critics?", "rewrite": "Was Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac well received by fans or critics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Chicken Shack had a hit with \"I'd Rather Go Blind\", which featured McVie on lead vocals. McVie received a Melody Maker award for female vocalist in both 1969 and 1970. McVie left Chicken Shack in 1969 after marrying Fleetwood Mac bassist John McVie a year earlier. McVie was a fan of Fleetwood Mac, and while touring with Chicken Shack, the two bands would often meet. They also were \"label mates\" at Blue Horizon, and Fleetwood Mac had asked her to play piano as a session musician for Peter Green's songs on the band's second album, \"Mr. Wonderful\". Encouraged to continue her career, McVie recorded a solo album, \"Christine Perfect\"; following her success as a member of Fleetwood Mac, the album was reissued under the name \"The Legendary Christine Perfect Album\". After marrying Fleetwood Mac bassist, John McVie, she joined Fleetwood Mac in 1970. She had already contributed backup vocals and painted the cover for \"Kiln House\". The band had just lost founding member Peter Green, and its members were nervous about touring without him. McVie had been a huge fan of the Peter Green-era Fleetwood Mac; and since she knew all the lyrics to their songs, she went along. McVie went on to become an integral member, another lead vocalist, and keyboardist of the group and the first album with her as a full-fledged band member was \"Future Games\". It was recorded at London's Advision Studios and included the first with American-born member Bob Welch in place of founding member Jeremy Spencer. Danny Kirwan was still in the band at this point, but he was fired in 1972 after an incident on tour where he refused to perform at a gig after a row with Welch.", "Fleetwood Mac (1968 album)  Fleetwood Mac, also known as Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, is the debut studio album by British blues rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 24 February 1968. The album is a mixture of blues covers and originals penned by guitarists Peter Green and Jeremy Spencer, who also share the vocal duties. It is the only album by the band not to feature keyboardist/vocalist Christine McVie in any capacity. The release of the album brought the band overnight success; in the UK, the album reached No. 4 and stayed on the charts 37 weeks, despite the lack of a hit single. The album barely made the charts in the US, reaching No. 198. Even though the album has sold over a million copies in the UK, it has never received a certification there. As of June 2015, the album has sold over 150,000 copies in the US. An expanded version of this album was included in the box set \"The Complete Blue Horizon Sessions\". On 19 April 1967, John Mayall, the frontman of John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers, gave his bandmate Peter Green free studio time at the Decca Studios in West Hampstead, London to use as he wished. Four songs came out of the recording sessions, one of them being an instrumental called \"Fleetwood Mac\", named after the rhythm section, Mick Fleetwood and John McVie. The other three songs recorded that day were \"First Train Home\", \"Looking for Somebody\" and \"No Place to Go\". After this recording session, Green approached Fleetwood and McVie with the idea of forming a new band. While Fleetwood, who had been fired from The Bluesbreakers, was willing to join immediately, McVie was initially hesitant. Green was sure that McVie would join his band, so he advertised in \"Melody Maker\" for a temporary bassist.", "Green had been in two bands with Mick Fleetwood, Peter B's Looners and the subsequent Shotgun Express (which featured a young Rod Stewart as vocalist), and suggested Fleetwood as a replacement for drummer Aynsley Dunbar when Dunbar left the Bluesbreakers to join the new Jeff Beck/Rod Stewart band. John Mayall agreed and Fleetwood joined the Bluesbreakers. The Bluesbreakers now consisted of Green, Fleetwood, John McVie and Mayall. Mayall gave Green free recording time as a gift, in which Fleetwood, McVie and Green recorded five songs. The fifth song was an instrumental that Green named after the rhythm section, \"Fleetwood Mac\". Soon after this, Green suggested to Fleetwood that they form a new band. The pair wanted McVie on bass guitar and named the band 'Fleetwood Mac' to entice him, but McVie opted to keep his steady income with Mayall rather than take a risk with a new band. In the meantime Peter Green and Mick Fleetwood had teamed up with slide guitarist Jeremy Spencer and bassist Bob Brunning. Brunning was in the band on the understanding that he would leave if McVie agreed to join. The Green, Fleetwood, Spencer, Brunning version of the band made its debut on 13 August 1967 at the Windsor Jazz and Blues Festival as 'Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac', also featuring Jeremy Spencer. Brunning played only a few gigs with Fleetwood Mac. Within weeks of this show, John McVie agreed to join the band as permanent bassist. Fleetwood Mac's self-titled debut album was a no-frills blues album and was released by the Blue Horizon label in February 1968. There were no other players on the album (except on the song \"Long Grey Mare\", which was recorded with Brunning on bass).", "With McVie now in Fleetwood Mac, the band recorded its first album, the eponymous \"Fleetwood Mac\" in the following months. The album was released in February 1968, and became an immediate national hit, establishing Fleetwood Mac as a major part in the English Blues movement. Fleetwood Mac started playing live gigs in blues clubs and pubs throughout England, and became a household name in the national blues circuit. In the next three years, the band scored a string of hits in the UK and also enjoyed success in continental Europe. While on tour, Fleetwood Mac would often share venues with fellow blues band Chicken Shack. It was on one such occasion that McVie met his future wife, the lead singer and piano player of Chicken Shack, Christine Perfect. Following a brief romance of, it has been said, only two weeks, McVie and Perfect got married with Peter Green as best man. With the couple being unable to spend much time together because of the constant touring with their bands, Christine (now McVie) quit Chicken Shack to become a housewife to spend more time with John. However, following the departure of Peter Green from Fleetwood Mac in 1970, McVie successfully persuaded Christine to join him in Fleetwood Mac. After 1970, Fleetwood Mac went through several different line-ups, which occasionally became the source of friction and unease within the band. In addition, frequent touring as well as his heavy drinking began to put some strain on his marriage to Christine. In 1974, the McVies, along with the other members of Fleetwood Mac, moved to Los Angeles, where they lived briefly with John Mayall. In 1975, Fleetwood Mac achieved enormous worldwide success after recruiting American singer-songwriter duo Stevie Nicks and Lindsey Buckingham.", "Fleetwood Mac in Chicago Fleetwood Mac in Chicago is an album by the rock band Fleetwood Mac. It was the result of a recording session in early 1969 at Chess Records in Chicago (home to Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, et al.) with Fleetwood Mac, then a young British blues band, and a number of famous Chicago blues artists from whom they drew inspiration. The album has also been released, with slightly different track listings, under the titles Blues Jam at Chess and Blues Jam in Chicago Volumes One and Two. The members of Fleetwood Mac at the time of this recording were Peter Green, Jeremy Spencer, Danny Kirwan, Mick Fleetwood, and John McVie. The Chicago blues musicians who played at this session were Otis Spann (piano, vocals), Willie Dixon (upright bass), Shakey Horton (harmonica, vocals), J.T. Brown (tenor saxophone, vocals), Buddy Guy (guitar), Honeyboy Edwards (guitar, vocals), and S.P. Leary (drums). Writing in \"Rolling Stone\" in 1976, Greil Marcus said, \"Thanks to the near-permanent success of the current \"Fleetwood Mac\" LP, virtually all the band's pre-Warner Bros. material \u2013 featuring guitarists Peter Green, Danny Kirwan and Jeremy Spencer \u2013 is back on the market. The best stuff is to be found on \"Fleetwood Mac in Chicago\" (Sire), a double album cut in '69 at the Chess studios, with real-life black bluesmen sitting in... The Fleetwood Mac that cut this album was a rough, derivative band, full of enthusiasm and committed to their music... The shade of Elmore James smiled on the band, and never more so than on \"Chicago\"...\""], "answer": {"text": "the band toured the United States for the first time, though Green was reluctant to do so for fear of gun crime. Upon their return, they recorded a second album,", "answer_start": 580}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well in sales?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "In addition to the band toured the United States for the first time, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The band toured across the United States in 2008 from March through April with Redeye Empire and Iration. A European tour in support of Flogging Molly followed, including shows in Germany, Sweden, France, Italy and more. From August 1, 2008 to September 6, 2008, the band toured the US on the Tailgate 2008 Summer Tour. The band is now touring with Slightly Stoopid and Sly & Robbie. The band also headlined the \"Law Records\" tour in October 2008 along with Passafire, and The Supervillains. This was their first tour consisting of only Law Records bands. After a UK tour with Less than Jake, and a break in December, Pepper, Passafire, and The Supervillains toured the Northwest to complete the first Law Records tour. The Spring 2009 line-up of the J\u00e4germeister Music Tour featured Pepper with longtime staples on the punk scene, Pennywise. Pepper returned to the J\u00e4germeister Music Tour after a 2006 outing with punk-reggae rockers Slightly Stoopid. Pepper released their new EP album titled \"Stitches\" on 12 October 2010. A single, \"Wake Up\", from the album was released June 28, 2010 along with \"Mirror\" & the band toured with 311 to promote the album. Pepper also toured on the \"Like a Surgeon Tour\" with Shwayze, Pour Habit, and Brother Ali in the last quarter of 2010. Pepper was one of the headliners for the 2011 Warped Tour. During the summer and fall of 2012, they toured with Sublime with Rome and Cypress Hill. Pepper released their self-titled sixth album in 2013. Following a co-headlining tour with the Dirty Heads in the summer of 2014 and, and another amphitheater summer run with Rebelution & Sublime With Rome in 2015 Pepper released their 6th studio album \"Ohana\".", "Snow Patrol next toured Ireland in the end of September. They supported Travis on the last date on the tour. The band toured as a support act for Grandaddy over two legs. They played the headlining Spitting Games Tour after the first, where they headlined all the dates. The second leg of Grandaddy Tour began after the Spitting Games Tour ended. Snow Patrol undertook a headlining tour, dubbed the Spitting Games Tour after supporting Grandaddy for a few dates on their UK Tour. After finishing the tour, the band supported them again for a few dates. Snow Patrol supported Athlete on their UK Tour to kick off touring for the year 2004. Ahead of Final Straw seeing an official release in the United States, Snow Patrol did a short tour in February 2004 and played a select few shows to promote the album. This marked the first time the band had toured the United States. The ended up touring the US and Canada four times during the Final Straw Tour. Snow Patrol undertook another UK Tour in March as a headlining act, with Terra Diablo and Astrid acting as support on all dates. The last show at the Shepherd's Bush Empire was a part of BBC 6 Music's Live at Two programme. \"How to Be Dead\" made its live debut on 14 April as a fan request. However, the performance went wrong, as vocalist Gary Lightbody forgot lyrics and the band played the wrong chords. Following the release of the album in the United States, the band toured the United States a second time, playing a further eighteen dates in April\u2013May. They also played two shows in Canada. Carina Round supported the band on all dates. When in Seattle, the band played an intimate set for radio station KEXP, where they covered Low's \"2-Step\". Snow Patrol undertook a small tour of Europe in May.", "The band toured Japan in September with The Vandals and Voodoo Glow Skulls. From late September to late October, the band toured across the U.S. with The Wonder Years and Energy, on The Ghostbustour. Closing the year, the band went on the This Is New England Tour with Vanna , Therefore I Am from late November to mid December. They won Phoenix Magazine's All Ages Band of the year over Boys Like Girls. In February 2010, it was announced that the band would release a cover album of Motown songs, on May 11 by Paper + Plastick. Around this time, the band had played \"My Girl\" at recent shows. The band toured the UK with All or Nothing and LYU in March; during these shows the band played several songs off of \"The Kids Can't Lose\" and full-band versions of \"Webster Lake\" songs. The band went on an acoustic tour, with Man Overboard, Balance & Composure, in April, \"Motown Classics\" was released by Paper + Plastick on May 11, with the track listing revealed a few days prior. The album had been produced by Chris Curran with recording taking place at Webster Lake Studios in Boston, Massachusetts. The album came about from the band's interest in Motown songs; Arsenault revealed the band just \"picked the hits\" and, as Smith mentions, \"songs we were familiar with\". At the release show for the album, on May 14, at the Palladium in Worcester, Massachusetts, a 5-track sampler was given out to attendees. The band went on tour from May till July with Transit, Kid Liberty, and Such Gold from May to July. The band toured in the UK in September, with Not Advised and LYU, however, Our Time Down replaced Not Advised before the tour began.", "The album was produced by Christoph Wieczorek in his own recording studio Sawdust Recordings and by Aljosha Sieg at Pitchback Studios. Since the band's inception the band toured together with acts like Upon This Dawning, Intohimo, Broadway and His Statue Falls. In 2013 Annisokay got signed to Radtone Music to release the album in Japan. On June 28, 2013 the band played Mair1 Festival in Montabaur and played together with acts like Boysetsfire, Deez Nuts, Silent Screams and Bury Your Dead. In the end of July the band toured Germany for the first time as headline act. The tour started in Venray, Netherlands which was their first international gig. In January 2014 the band was part of the \"We Are the Mess Tour\" headlined by Eskimo Callboy. The tour went through cities like Cologne, Berlin, Munich and Hamburg. Just few days before tour started the band announced flying to the USA sometime in 2014 to start working with Joey Sturgis for their second record. On April 20, 2014 the band got signed to SPV GmbH which re-released the debut record \"The Lucid Dream[er]\" in Central Europe and North America with bonus material. In June 2014 the band toured as support act for Silverstein in some cities in Germany. In Summer the band played Summer Breeze Open Air and Vainstream Rockfest for the first time. In February and March 2015, Annisokay and Vitja played in support for Callejon on their \"Wir sind Angst\" tour. On March 20, 2015 the band officially released their second studio album called \"Enigmatic Smile\" which ranked at no. 68 in the German albums charts. Between April 10, 2015 and April 25, 2015 the band will tour as support act for Emil Bulls in Germany.", "In April 2013 the band toured the United States for the first time alongside Kottonmouth Kings and Deuce. In August 2013 the band made an appearance at Wacken Open Air, as well as on the Geki Rock Tour in Japan. The band was nominated for the \"Up And Coming\" (best newcomer award) at the German Metal Hammer Awards, held in Berlin on September 13, 2013, which they won. The band started recording their fourth album at Kohlekeller Studios together with producer Kristian Kohlmannslehner in autumn of 2013. The album, which is entitled \"We Are the Mess\", was released on January 10, 2014 via Redfield Records and Warner Music Japan. The band played five release shows in Germany supported by Annisokay. \"We Are the Mess\" peaked in 8th place on Germany's official long-play charts and in 64th place in Austria. The band toured in Japan to promote their album. In March of that year, the band toured Europe supported by Iwrestledabearonce, Her Bright Skies and To the Rats and Wolves. In August 2019, the band released a new single, \"Hurricane\", for their upcoming fifth album. The new album, titled \"Rehab\", will be released on November 1, 2019. Following the release of \"Rehab\", the band will embark on their \"Rehab European Tour 2019\". The band's musical style can be described as a mix of metalcore, comedy rock, and post-hardcore with electronic music. The band's style is influenced by techno, so it can be called electronicore. The musicians named bands like Asking Alexandria and Attack Attack! as their musical influences. Their singer stated that the musicians don't feel like being a part of the \"hardcore music scene\". The lyrics deal with themes like getting drunk, parties, and sex."], "answer": {"text": "Green himself drifted away from the band, struggling both creatively and with increasing use of LSD.", "answer_start": 1124}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well in sales?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by fans or critics?", "answer": {"text": "the band toured the United States for the first time, though Green was reluctant to do so for fear of gun crime. Upon their return, they recorded a second album,", "answer_start": 580, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#4", "question": "Did he ever return to the band?", "rewrite": "Did Peter Green ever return to the band?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Katmandu (band) Katmandu were a short-lived British blues band, formed in 1983, featuring Peter Green, Ray Dorset, Len Surtees and Vincent Crane. After releasing one album, the group split the following year. Katmandu were formed when ex-Fleetwood Mac leader Peter Green became dissatisfied with his solo career and his band Kolors, and looked to form a new band with new musicians. Retaining Kolors percussionist Jeff Whittaker, he made contact with former Mungo Jerry frontman Ray Dorset through a mutual acquaintance, and they met up at Dorset's Satellite Studio, where he was running a video and commercials production company. During a jam session, one of Dorset's clients from a Swiss company made an offer to fund recording sessions and an album, providing \u00a3120,000 for this purpose. Green, Dorset and Whittaker were joined by former Atomic Rooster keyboardist Vincent Crane, along with bassist Len Surtees (ex-The Nashville Teens) and drummer Greg Terry-Short (ex-Ozzy Osbourne), and recorded an album during December 1983 and January 1984. \" A Case for the Blues\" was not released until 1985, but by then the group had already split up. According to Whittaker, Green had enjoyed recording the album but became disillusioned over Dorset's handling of the group's finances and refused to work with him again. Green reformed his band Kolors in the summer of 1984, retaining Whittaker and Terry-Short, but by the end of the year the band had disintegrated, and Green began a period of 12 years of musical inactivity. Thus the Katmandu project represents Green's last recorded work before the Peter Green Splinter Group's first album in 1997, apart from one track recorded with Mick Green in 1986.", "Peter Green and Friends Peter Green and Friends is the name of a touring band of musicians led by Fleetwood Mac founder, singer and guitarist Peter Green. The group was formed in 2009, after Green had been out of the limelight for several years, having previously toured with the Peter Green Splinter Group. They toured the UK and Europe in 2009. The band were supported by Andrew Maxwell Morris during some of their tour dates.", "The hall of 5,000 square feet taken over in 1966 would be used exclusively as a carpet showroom whilst the remaining 15,000 square feet would be used to display a huge collection of furniture in addition to a warehouse and workrooms. Besides offering a huge selection Peter Green was unusual in that he offered a complete service as well as keen prices. He could afford to give both owing to his low overheads as he owned the freehold and so avoided the high rents which had to be paid by similar stores and passed on to the customer. From the very start Peter Green was fully involved in the life of the town and did a great deal of charitable work, especially amongst the elderly and disabled and those down on their luck. It was hardly surprising in view of all his achievements that Peter was made the first and so far only non-political Freeman of the Borough for his contribution to the business and the charitable life of the community. In the mid 1970s Peter decided to improve his premises by stages. He began by planning a well designed showroom on the corner facing the town centre. Planning permission for this was granted in 1976 and building was about to commence when the town centre plan was introduced which stopped him from building. Peter Green was fond of Eastleigh. He saw it as a friendly red-brick town of character. He had created the largest non-food retail enterprise and was keen to see other durable stores come. He was also keen to see Eastleigh preserve its character and remain different from other towns. He had always advanced cautiously without borrowing huge sums and argued that the town should grow in the same way. When Peter Green died suddenly in 1980 his wife Norah became company chairman and Tim Maguire who joined the firm in 1972 became managing director.", "\"Play On\", stating that \"Rattlesnake Shake\" is an ode to masturbation as a cure for the blues. \"I'm named in it, as a guy who does the rattlesnake shake to jerk away my sadness whenever I don't have a chick. That was an appropriate immortalisation of my younger self... \" To achieve the rustling noises heard at the end of each chorus, Green found it appropriate to insert the sounds of an actual rattlesnake found on an audio tape. The song has been well-received; the magazine \"Rolling Stone\" hailed the track as Peter Green's best song along with \"Albatross. \" Ultimate Classic Rock\" placed it at #7 on their Top 10 'Peter Green Fleetwood Mac Songs' list. Paste Magazine also ranked the song number #19 on the \"20 Best Fleetwood Mac Songs Of All Time\", and was just one of two Peter Green songs to appear on the list, the other being \" Oh Well\". A different recording of \"Rattlesnake Shake\" also appears on Mick Fleetwood's solo album, The Visitor. Released in 1981, this recording featured Peter Green, the track's composer, on guitar and vocals. During this time, Peter Green was beginning to reemerge professionally and had released a series of solo albums. Unlike the 1969 original, the rerecorded 1981 version did manage to chart, peaking at #30 on the Mainstream Rock chart. Also in 1981, Bob Welch recorded a live version of the track on his album Live at The Roxy, with contributions from Stevie Nicks (tambourine), Christine McVie (maracas), Mick Fleetwood (drums), Robbie Patton (cowbell), Alvin Taylor (guitar), Robin Sylvester (bass), Joey Brasler (guitar), and David Adelstein (keyboards).", "The Best of Peter Green Splinter Group The Best of Peter Green Splinter Group is a compilation album by the British blues band the Peter Green Splinter Group, led by Peter Green. Released in 2002, this was a two-disc set. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967\u201370, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s. This compilation was re-released in 2006."], "answer": {"text": "He pulled out of the mainstream and chose to stay at home. He doesn't play much anymore,", "answer_start": 106}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well in sales?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by fans or critics?", "answer": {"text": "the band toured the United States for the first time, though Green was reluctant to do so for fear of gun crime. Upon their return, they recorded a second album,", "answer_start": 580, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Green himself drifted away from the band, struggling both creatively and with increasing use of LSD.", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#5", "question": "Who was he replaced with?", "rewrite": "Who was Peter Green replaced with?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Katmandu (band) Katmandu were a short-lived British blues band, formed in 1983, featuring Peter Green, Ray Dorset, Len Surtees and Vincent Crane. After releasing one album, the group split the following year. Katmandu were formed when ex-Fleetwood Mac leader Peter Green became dissatisfied with his solo career and his band Kolors, and looked to form a new band with new musicians. Retaining Kolors percussionist Jeff Whittaker, he made contact with former Mungo Jerry frontman Ray Dorset through a mutual acquaintance, and they met up at Dorset's Satellite Studio, where he was running a video and commercials production company. During a jam session, one of Dorset's clients from a Swiss company made an offer to fund recording sessions and an album, providing \u00a3120,000 for this purpose. Green, Dorset and Whittaker were joined by former Atomic Rooster keyboardist Vincent Crane, along with bassist Len Surtees (ex-The Nashville Teens) and drummer Greg Terry-Short (ex-Ozzy Osbourne), and recorded an album during December 1983 and January 1984. \" A Case for the Blues\" was not released until 1985, but by then the group had already split up. According to Whittaker, Green had enjoyed recording the album but became disillusioned over Dorset's handling of the group's finances and refused to work with him again. Green reformed his band Kolors in the summer of 1984, retaining Whittaker and Terry-Short, but by the end of the year the band had disintegrated, and Green began a period of 12 years of musical inactivity. Thus the Katmandu project represents Green's last recorded work before the Peter Green Splinter Group's first album in 1997, apart from one track recorded with Mick Green in 1986.", "Peter Green and Friends Peter Green and Friends is the name of a touring band of musicians led by Fleetwood Mac founder, singer and guitarist Peter Green. The group was formed in 2009, after Green had been out of the limelight for several years, having previously toured with the Peter Green Splinter Group. They toured the UK and Europe in 2009. The band were supported by Andrew Maxwell Morris during some of their tour dates.", "The hall of 5,000 square feet taken over in 1966 would be used exclusively as a carpet showroom whilst the remaining 15,000 square feet would be used to display a huge collection of furniture in addition to a warehouse and workrooms. Besides offering a huge selection Peter Green was unusual in that he offered a complete service as well as keen prices. He could afford to give both owing to his low overheads as he owned the freehold and so avoided the high rents which had to be paid by similar stores and passed on to the customer. From the very start Peter Green was fully involved in the life of the town and did a great deal of charitable work, especially amongst the elderly and disabled and those down on their luck. It was hardly surprising in view of all his achievements that Peter was made the first and so far only non-political Freeman of the Borough for his contribution to the business and the charitable life of the community. In the mid 1970s Peter decided to improve his premises by stages. He began by planning a well designed showroom on the corner facing the town centre. Planning permission for this was granted in 1976 and building was about to commence when the town centre plan was introduced which stopped him from building. Peter Green was fond of Eastleigh. He saw it as a friendly red-brick town of character. He had created the largest non-food retail enterprise and was keen to see other durable stores come. He was also keen to see Eastleigh preserve its character and remain different from other towns. He had always advanced cautiously without borrowing huge sums and argued that the town should grow in the same way. When Peter Green died suddenly in 1980 his wife Norah became company chairman and Tim Maguire who joined the firm in 1972 became managing director.", "The Best of Peter Green Splinter Group The Best of Peter Green Splinter Group is a compilation album by the British blues band the Peter Green Splinter Group, led by Peter Green. Released in 2002, this was a two-disc set. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967\u201370, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s. This compilation was re-released in 2006.", "\"Play On\", stating that \"Rattlesnake Shake\" is an ode to masturbation as a cure for the blues. \"I'm named in it, as a guy who does the rattlesnake shake to jerk away my sadness whenever I don't have a chick. That was an appropriate immortalisation of my younger self... \" To achieve the rustling noises heard at the end of each chorus, Green found it appropriate to insert the sounds of an actual rattlesnake found on an audio tape. The song has been well-received; the magazine \"Rolling Stone\" hailed the track as Peter Green's best song along with \"Albatross. \" Ultimate Classic Rock\" placed it at #7 on their Top 10 'Peter Green Fleetwood Mac Songs' list. Paste Magazine also ranked the song number #19 on the \"20 Best Fleetwood Mac Songs Of All Time\", and was just one of two Peter Green songs to appear on the list, the other being \" Oh Well\". A different recording of \"Rattlesnake Shake\" also appears on Mick Fleetwood's solo album, The Visitor. Released in 1981, this recording featured Peter Green, the track's composer, on guitar and vocals. During this time, Peter Green was beginning to reemerge professionally and had released a series of solo albums. Unlike the 1969 original, the rerecorded 1981 version did manage to chart, peaking at #30 on the Mainstream Rock chart. Also in 1981, Bob Welch recorded a live version of the track on his album Live at The Roxy, with contributions from Stevie Nicks (tambourine), Christine McVie (maracas), Mick Fleetwood (drums), Robbie Patton (cowbell), Alvin Taylor (guitar), Robin Sylvester (bass), Joey Brasler (guitar), and David Adelstein (keyboards)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well in sales?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by fans or critics?", "answer": {"text": "the band toured the United States for the first time, though Green was reluctant to do so for fear of gun crime. Upon their return, they recorded a second album,", "answer_start": 580, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Green himself drifted away from the band, struggling both creatively and with increasing use of LSD.", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever return to the band?", "answer": {"text": "He pulled out of the mainstream and chose to stay at home. He doesn't play much anymore,", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#6", "question": "Did Green leaving cause issues with other members?", "rewrite": "In addition to Green struggling both creatively and with increasing use of LSD, did Green leaving cause issues with other members?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Largely as a result of collusion between \"News of the World\" journalists and the London Drug Squad, many pop stars including Donovan and Rolling Stones members Mick Jagger and Keith Richards were arrested for drug possession, although none of the arrests involved LSD. The FBI suggested in now declassified documents that the Grateful Dead were responsible for introducing LSD to the U.S. The Grateful Dead were the \"house band\" at Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters' Acid Tests. These free-form parties introduced many people on the West Coast to LSD for the first time, as documented in Tom Wolfe's \"The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" and Phil Lesh's \"Searching for the Sound\". Acid historian Jesse Jarnow describes how Grateful Dead concerts served as the United States' primary distribution network for LSD in the second half of the twentieth century. In 1992, Mike Dirnt of Green Day wrote the famous \"Longview\" bass line while under the influence of LSD. In an interview, Green Day lead singer and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong recalled that he arrived at their house and saw Mike sitting on the floor with highly dilated pupils, holding his bass guitar. Mike looked up at Billie and exclaimed, \"Listen to this!\" LSD was evidently in limited recreational use in Australia in the early 1960s, but is believed to have been initially restricted to those with connections to the scientific and the medical communities. LSD overdose was suggested as a possible cause of the January 2, 1962 deaths of CSIRO scientists Dr. Gilbert Bogle and his lover Dr. Margaret Chandler, but is very unlikely as there are no known cases of a LSD fatal overdose and other more likely causes of death have been suggested. Large quantities of LSD began to appear in Australia around 1968, and soon permeated the music scene and youth culture in general, especially in the capital cities.", "Grapevine (disk magazine) Grapevine was a disk magazine for the Commodore Amiga published by the demo scene group LSD. The magazine was published from 1991 and 1995. The first eight issues each came on a single floppy disk, but as the magazine became more popular and more articles were submitted by its readers, it required two to three disks per issue after that point. The editor of Grapevine was known as Parasite, later PaZZa/LSD. Several co editors helped with the magazine under pazzas guidance, Scud/lsd, Torch/lsd and KenD/lsd ,The magazine was originally coded by Monty Python, and then re-coded with a mouse driven interface later in the series by Shagratt, Fish/lsd,watchman/lsd and other artists regularly made custom art covers for the magazines title page. Echo/lsd (graham gray/spoon wizard) and Mub/lsd wrote original music for the background also  \"Grapevine\" existed at a time when Internet use was not widespread in its native UK or abroad, and hence editions of the magazine were hotly traded amongst the demo scene. LSD sent out hundreds of floppy disk copies on each release, and most PD libraries at the time were keen to include the latest issues as soon as they were released. As a result of this, 17Bit PD library cut a deal with PaZZa to ensure distribution at a fair price, they were \"paid\" a box of 50 floppy disks per issue for this, which were used by LSD for file distribution (the days before modems for many people). Pazza has long left the scene and now lives a happily married quiet life but still keeps an eye occasionally on the old school scene, he is immensely proud of what was done at the time which was a lot of hard work for little reward.", "Above the main aspect, the signal can show a chevron (to change the regime), or a \"U\" (when the train is led towards a dead end). It can be mounted on a mast or gantry (above the track). Warns of the aspect of a following main stop signal: It can show a \"green\" aspect (the next signal is open without restrictions), \"double yellow\" (the next signal is at the stop aspect), \"green-yellow horizontal\" (the next signal requires a speed reduction) or \"green-yellow vertical\" (double warning in the case of a short section between the next signal and the signal after that, which has a red aspect or imposes a speed restriction). It may also present a yellow number above the signal with the main aspects green-yellow horizontal and green-yellow vertical and thus the speed (in tens of km/h) with respect to the next signal. Serves as both a stop signal and a warning signal and can therefore, according to the needs of the position, present aspects of both a plain stop signal and a warning signal. This type of signal is the most common one on the mainline network. It can either be placed at ground level or elevated (on a post). It is placed on the ground. An older version of the small stop signal has the appearance of the simplified signal above, but with a purple instead of a red light. The Completed operations indicator is a system composed of a set of switches (activation) and light signals (display) on platforms of most stations and allows the guard to announce to the driver (conductor) that the procedure for boarding is completed and the train can start. Where the system is installed, the yellow aspect (or white on older systems) is a prerequisite for the departure of passenger trains.", "The initial incarnation of Fleetwood Mac performed its first gig in August 1967 at the seventh annual Windsor Jazz and Blues Festival, playing a Chicago-style blues. McVie, initially hesitant to commit, was later prompted to leave the Bluesbreakers and join Fleetwood Mac full-time when the former adopted a horns section with which he disagreed. He replaced the initial bassist, Bob Brunning. McVie, Fleetwood, Green and guitarist Jeremy Spencer thus formed the first fixed line-up of Fleetwood Mac. The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968, and the band toured the United States for the first time, though Green was reluctant to do so for fear of gun crime. Upon their return, they recorded a second album, Mr. Wonderful under simply \"Fleetwood Mac\" with Green's name dropped. A guest musician on the album, Christine Perfect, became close with the group and she and McVie were married in 1968. A third guitarist, Danny Kirwan, was also added to the line-up. Despite the success of their third album, Then Play On, and a string of hit singles including \"Albatross\" and \"Man of the World\", Green himself drifted away from the band, struggling both creatively and with increasing use of LSD. He later joined a Christian religious group. Fleetwood himself later remarked on the growing stature of Green's difficulties: \"I think there is certainly some credence given to the idea that Peter's condition could in some way be blamed on a bad acid trip he had in Germany ... I don't think it did him much good.\" He also recalled in 1995 that \"Peter basically ceased to see the light with Fleetwood Mac and had aspirations of playing for nothing in strange places--none of which really happened.", "1P-LSD  1P-LSD or 1-propionyl-lysergic acid diethylamide is a psychedelic drug of the lysergamide class that is a derivative and functional analogue of LSD and a homologue of ALD-52. It has been sold online as a designer drug since 2015. It modifies the LSD molecule by adding a propionyl group to the nitrogen molecule of LSD's indole. In mice, 1P-LSD produces LSD-like effects with 38% the potency of LSD and it is therefore classed as a serotonergic hallucinogen. However, 1P-LSD itself is unable to bind to the serotenergic 5-HT receptors. But since LSD is detected when 1P-LSD is incubated in human serum, 1P-LSD may act, at least in part, as a prodrug for LSD. The effects profile of 1P-LSD is not well defined in the scientific literature. It is generally thought to be comparable to that of LSD. Many anecdotal reports indicate that 1P-LSD has a slightly shorter duration than LSD in humans, with the majority of users stating that they cannot distinguish the qualitative effects of 1P-LSD from LSD. 1P-LSD is illegal in Denmark. 1P-LSD is illegal in Finland. 1P-LSD is illegal in Germany as part of the NpSG. 1P-LSD is illegal in Estonia since 4 June 2017. 1P-LSD is illegal in Japan since 18 April 2016. 1P-LSD is illegal in Latvia. Although it isn't specifically scheduled, it is controlled as an LSD structural analog due to an amendment made on June 1, 2015."], "answer": {"text": "He doesn't play much anymore, which is certainly a shame, because he's my mentor, and he's the reason that Fleetwood Mac became what we became.\"", "answer_start": 165}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well in sales?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by fans or critics?", "answer": {"text": "the band toured the United States for the first time, though Green was reluctant to do so for fear of gun crime. Upon their return, they recorded a second album,", "answer_start": 580, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Green himself drifted away from the band, struggling both creatively and with increasing use of LSD.", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever return to the band?", "answer": {"text": "He pulled out of the mainstream and chose to stay at home. He doesn't play much anymore,", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who was he replaced with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e5581d877a284b75ae390144a6b25059_1_q#7", "question": "Why did he stop playing?", "rewrite": "Why did Peter Green stop playing?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peter Green and Friends Peter Green and Friends is the name of a touring band of musicians led by Fleetwood Mac founder, singer and guitarist Peter Green. The group was formed in 2009, after Green had been out of the limelight for several years, having previously toured with the Peter Green Splinter Group. They toured the UK and Europe in 2009. The band were supported by Andrew Maxwell Morris during some of their tour dates.", "The hall of 5,000 square feet taken over in 1966 would be used exclusively as a carpet showroom whilst the remaining 15,000 square feet would be used to display a huge collection of furniture in addition to a warehouse and workrooms. Besides offering a huge selection Peter Green was unusual in that he offered a complete service as well as keen prices. He could afford to give both owing to his low overheads as he owned the freehold and so avoided the high rents which had to be paid by similar stores and passed on to the customer. From the very start Peter Green was fully involved in the life of the town and did a great deal of charitable work, especially amongst the elderly and disabled and those down on their luck. It was hardly surprising in view of all his achievements that Peter was made the first and so far only non-political Freeman of the Borough for his contribution to the business and the charitable life of the community. In the mid 1970s Peter decided to improve his premises by stages. He began by planning a well designed showroom on the corner facing the town centre. Planning permission for this was granted in 1976 and building was about to commence when the town centre plan was introduced which stopped him from building. Peter Green was fond of Eastleigh. He saw it as a friendly red-brick town of character. He had created the largest non-food retail enterprise and was keen to see other durable stores come. He was also keen to see Eastleigh preserve its character and remain different from other towns. He had always advanced cautiously without borrowing huge sums and argued that the town should grow in the same way. When Peter Green died suddenly in 1980 his wife Norah became company chairman and Tim Maguire who joined the firm in 1972 became managing director.", "St Stephen's Green station St Stephen's Green is a stop on the Green Line of the Dublin LUAS (tram) system. Originally opened in 2004, it was further developed as part of the Luas Cross City project between 2013 and 2017. From the opening of the Luas Green Line in 2004 until December 2017, St Stephen's Green served as the northern terminus of the line to Sandyford and later Cherrywood, with a stop located on the western side of St Stephen's Green. In 2017 an extension of the Luas Green Line was opened, crossing the River Liffey, and intersecting with the Red Line at the junction between O'Connell Street and Abbey Street, terminating at Broombridge, interconnecting with the Irish Rail Broombridge railway station. Named the \"Luas Cross City line\", this project was announced in 2011 as part of the government's 2012\u201316 Infrastructure and Capital Investment Plan. Construction work for the Rosie Hackett Bridge across the River Liffey began in April 2012, with this bridge carrying the southbound Luas Cross City track. The existing St. Stephen's Green stop on the Luas Green Line subsequently became a through-point for the new line, with the stop's platforms extended to accommodate the proposed introduction of longer trams in 2018. The extension opened on 9 December 2017, with the St. Stephen's Green stop remaining operational throughout the works. Plans for the proposed Dublin Metro called for St Stephen's Green to be used as the southern terminus of a line to Belinstown, with a tunnel at the north-western corner of the park. While originally targeted for 2013, these plans were subsequently indefinitely deferred. Similar plans for a DART network extension proposed an underground station at St Stephen's Green. Though targeted to start in 2015, these works were also indefinitely deferred.", "The Best of Peter Green Splinter Group The Best of Peter Green Splinter Group is a compilation album by the British blues band the Peter Green Splinter Group, led by Peter Green. Released in 2002, this was a two-disc set. Green was the founder of Fleetwood Mac and a member of that group from 1967\u201370, before a sporadic solo career during the late 1970s and early 1980s. This compilation was re-released in 2006.", "\"Play On\", stating that \"Rattlesnake Shake\" is an ode to masturbation as a cure for the blues. \"I'm named in it, as a guy who does the rattlesnake shake to jerk away my sadness whenever I don't have a chick. That was an appropriate immortalisation of my younger self... \" To achieve the rustling noises heard at the end of each chorus, Green found it appropriate to insert the sounds of an actual rattlesnake found on an audio tape. The song has been well-received; the magazine \"Rolling Stone\" hailed the track as Peter Green's best song along with \"Albatross. \" Ultimate Classic Rock\" placed it at #7 on their Top 10 'Peter Green Fleetwood Mac Songs' list. Paste Magazine also ranked the song number #19 on the \"20 Best Fleetwood Mac Songs Of All Time\", and was just one of two Peter Green songs to appear on the list, the other being \" Oh Well\". A different recording of \"Rattlesnake Shake\" also appears on Mick Fleetwood's solo album, The Visitor. Released in 1981, this recording featured Peter Green, the track's composer, on guitar and vocals. During this time, Peter Green was beginning to reemerge professionally and had released a series of solo albums. Unlike the 1969 original, the rerecorded 1981 version did manage to chart, peaking at #30 on the Mainstream Rock chart. Also in 1981, Bob Welch recorded a live version of the track on his album Live at The Roxy, with contributions from Stevie Nicks (tambourine), Christine McVie (maracas), Mick Fleetwood (drums), Robbie Patton (cowbell), Alvin Taylor (guitar), Robin Sylvester (bass), Joey Brasler (guitar), and David Adelstein (keyboards)."], "answer": {"text": "He later joined a Christian religious group.", "answer_start": 1225}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who is Mick Fleetwood's Peter Green?", "answer": {"text": "The band's first album, Peter Green's Fleetwood Mac, was released in 1968,", "answer_start": 501, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did it do well in sales?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was it well received by fans or critics?", "answer": {"text": "the band toured the United States for the first time, though Green was reluctant to do so for fear of gun crime. Upon their return, they recorded a second album,", "answer_start": 580, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Green himself drifted away from the band, struggling both creatively and with increasing use of LSD.", "answer_start": 1124, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever return to the band?", "answer": {"text": "He pulled out of the mainstream and chose to stay at home. He doesn't play much anymore,", "answer_start": 106, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who was he replaced with?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Green leaving cause issues with other members?", "answer": {"text": "He doesn't play much anymore, which is certainly a shame, because he's my mentor, and he's the reason that Fleetwood Mac became what we became.\"", "answer_start": 165, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#0", "question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "rewrite": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aladdin (1992 soundtrack) Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack for the 1992 Disney animated feature film, \"Aladdin\"\". \"The album was released by Walt Disney Records on CD and cassette tape on October 27, 1992. The soundtrack was intertwined with demos, work tapes and unreleased masters, as well as original scores in 1994 in a four-disc box set entitled \"The Music Behind the Magic: The Musical Artistry of Alan Menken, Howard Ashman & Tim Rice\". A remastered reissue with altered lyrics and new artwork was released in 2001. A special edition reissue featuring two previously released demos and new artwork was released in 2004. The music on the album earned composer Alan Menken the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, as well as a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the lyricist Tim Rice the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the first and only Disney song to win a Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the song \"A Whole New World\". The album is one of the best-selling soundtrack albums to an animated film, with 3million copies sold in the United States and 300,000 copies sold in Canada. Notes   Total time of unreleased score material excluding song instrumentals: 34 minutes and 29 seconds Total time of unreleased score material including song instrumentals: 48 minutes and 51 seconds  Howard Ashman and Alan Menken composed several songs for an initial story treatment of Aladdin prior to beginning work on \"Beauty and the Beast\". This story treatment incorporated several plot elements from the original folk tale and additional characters that were eliminated during later story development. Three songs from this score - \"Arabian Nights\", \"Friend Like Me\" and \"Prince Ali\" - survive in the final film.", "Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular was a Broadway-style show based on Disney's 1992 animated film \"Aladdin\" with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman, Tim Rice and Alan Menken. It was performed inside the Hyperion Theater in Hollywood Land at Disney California Adventure from 2003 to 2016. In September 2015, it was announced that the show's final day of performance would be January 10, 2016. The show was then closed on January 11, and was replaced by a musical stage show inspired by Disney's 2013 animated film \"Frozen\", which premiered in May 2016. A version of the show continues to play on board the Disney Cruise Line ship Disney Fantasy. The production is a Broadway-type show. Many of the scenes and songs from the movie are re-created on stage and some of the action spills out into the aisles, such as Prince Ali's arrival in Agrabah on elephant back. At Disney California Adventure, the 45-minute production took place in the 2,000 seat Hyperion Theater, located at the end of Hollywood Land. While most of the show was scripted, the Genie's dialogue often changed to reflect current events in the news and popular culture. The musical replaced the venue's previous show, \"The Power of Blast\", which played from 2001 to 2002. Alan Menken composed and wrote lyrics for a new song for this production, called \"To Be Free\". Buena Vista Records released an official soundtrack to the production in 2003. This is an original cast recording, and includes almost every piece of music used in the show. The main cast on the recording is Miles Wesley (Aladdin), Deedee Magno (Jasmine), Nick Santa Maria (Genie), Lance Roberts (Jafar) and Jamila Ajibade (Narrator).", "I See the Light \"I See the Light\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Glenn Slater for Walt Disney Animation Studios' 50th animated feature film \"Tangled\" (2010). A duet originally recorded by American recording artist and actress Mandy Moore and American actor Zachary Levi in their respective film roles as main characters Rapunzel and Flynn Rider, the folk-inspired pop ballad serves as both the film's love and theme song. Lyrically, \"I See the Light\" describes the developing romantic relationship between Rapunzel and Flynn, and is featured as the seventh track on the film's soundtrack album. \"Tangled \"was originally conceived by Disney animator Glen Keane. Subsequently, Walt Disney Animation Studios hired veteran Disney composer Alan Menken and lyricist Glenn Slater to write the film's songs. Initially, Menken and Slater had written a more anthemic version of \"I See the Light\" before finally re-working it into a gentler, simpler and more folk-oriented song. Menken would later reveal that, out of \"Tangled\"'s five songs and musical numbers, he is most proud of \"I See the Light\". \"I See the Light\" has inspired a generally mixed to positive reception from film and music critics, who were largely ambivalent towards the song's content, questioning its originality. However, the \"lantern sequence\" during which \"I See the Light\" is performed by Rapunzel and Flynn has enjoyed widespread critical acclaim, with journalists and commentators praising its visuals and use of 3D. Critically, both the song and the scene have been compared to similar romantic musical sequences from preceding Disney animated films, including \"Kiss the Girl\" from \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989) and \"A Whole New World\" from \"Aladdin\" (1992), both of which are love songs also composed by Menken.", "Hercules (musical) Hercules is a musical based on the Walt Disney Animation Studios 1997 film of the same name. The music and lyrics were written by Alan Menken and David Zippel with a book by Kristoffer Diaz. The production is also loosely based on the legendary hero of the same name, the son of Zeus, in Greek mythology. Produced by Disney Theatrical Productions, the musical had a tryout at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park in August 2019 to positive and mixed reviews. In July 2017, Alan Menken said that he is working on a stage adaptation of the 1997 film, \"Hercules\". On February 6, 2019, it was announced that the theatrical adaptation would premiere later that year. A pre-broadway tryout occurred at Delacorte Theater in Central Park, Manhattan, New York, as part of its annual Shakespeare in the Park festival from August 31 until September 8. Menken and David Zippel returned to compose and write the songs, while Kristoffer Diaz wrote the book, Lear deBessonet directed and Chase Brock choreographed. The cast included Jelani Alladin (Hercules), Roger Bart (Hades), Jeff Hiller (Panic), James Monroe Iglehart (Phil), Ramona Keller (Thalia), Tamika Lawrence (Calliope), Krysta Rodriguez (Meg), and Rema Webb (Terpsichore). Menken wrote new songs for the musical, as well as reusing the film's original works. The music was performed by Alan Menken, with lyrics by David Zippel. The pre-broadway tryout production has garnered mixed to positive reviews from critics, with many praising the cast, music, story, and production value. Thom Geier, of \"TheWrap\", praised the production, saying it \"works better than bigger-budgeted recent efforts like \"Frozen\"\".", "On April 10, 1976, the musical was presented at Beth El Synagogue in new Rochelle, with a cast consisting of Alan Menken, Peggy Atkinson, Sumner Crocket (a chazzan), and Judy Menken. Upon presentation at a BMI class, Engel described the musical as either \"the most anti-Semitic thing [I've] ever heard in [my] life\" or \"the most anti-Semetic document since \"Mein Kampf\"\", which Menken responded to with laughter due to being Jewish himself. Engel, who liked to give his students nicknames, would give Alan the moniker of \"D Minor\", possibly due to his flagrant use of the key in this musical. In an unnamed newspaper, Elaine Bissel described the musical as \"a poignant tale of one family, as it reaches these shores and moves into the American Experience during the early years of this century\". The work became one of the first musicals of Alan Menken, who would have a long and successful career. \"Newsday\" described it as \"then-unknown Alan Menken's first musical\". \" The New York Times\" suggests that this musical saw Menken's very first collaboration, even before his collaboration with Howard Ashman began in 1979 with Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. Another stage work based on the same subject matter would be created by American choreographer Rosalind Newman, entitled \"4; Stories: A Bintel Brief, Letters to the Editor\". Meanwhile, Menken would revisit Jewish themes in his 1997 musical King David."], "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#1", "question": "How was his work on The Little Mermaid received?", "rewrite": "How was Alan Menken's work on The Little Mermaid received?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["That year, Clements and \"Great Mouse Detective\" co-director John Musker expanded the two-page idea into a 20-page rough script, eliminating the role of the mermaid's grandmother and expanding the roles of the Merman King and the sea witch. In 1987, songwriter Howard Ashman became involved with the writing and development of \"Mermaid\" after he was asked to contribute a song to \"Oliver & Company\". He proposed changing the minor character Clarence, the English-butler crab, to a Jamaican Rastafarian crab and shifting the music style throughout the film to reflect this. At the same time, Katzenberg, Clements, Musker, and Ashman revised the story format to make \"Mermaid\" a musical with a Broadway-style story structure, with the song sequences serving as the tentpoles of the film. Ashman and composer Alan Menken, both noted for their work as the writers of the successful Off-Broadway stage musical \"Little Shop of Horrors\", teamed up to compose the entire song score. The first film's soundtrack, \"The Little Mermaid: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack\" contains the songs from the film written by Menken and Ashman, as well as the film's score composed by Menken. The album received the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. As of February 2007, the album is certified 6x Platinum by the RIAA. In 2010, Rhapsody (online music service) called it one of the all-time great Disney and Pixar Soundtracks. To commemorate the film's 25th anniversary, an extended version of the soundtrack will be released on November 24, 2014 under the . Apart from the soundtrack, \"The Little Mermaid\" has inspired several more albums. \"Sebastian from The Little Mermaid\" and \"\" contain songs are cover versions of classic calypso or reggae songs.", "The Little Mermaid (musical) The Little Mermaid is a stage musical produced by Disney Theatrical, based on the animated 1989 Disney film of the same name and the classic story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen about a mermaid who dreams of the world above the sea and gives up her voice to find love. Its book is by Doug Wright, music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman (written for the film), with additional lyrics by Glenn Slater. Its underwater setting and story about aquatic characters requires unusual technical designs and strategies to create gliding movements for the actors. After a pre-Broadway tryout in Denver, Colorado from July to September 2007, the musical began Broadway previews on November 3, 2007 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, replacing Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". The production officially opened on January 10, 2008 and closed on August 30, 2009 after 685 performances and 50 previews. It introduced Broadway debuts by director Francesca Zambello and Sierra Boggess in the title role. Subsequent productions have been seen in US regional theatres and internationally. A modified version of the musical with a new book and direction by Glenn Casale was developed in 2012, and this version is the basis for subsequent productions. Disney Theatrical had success with stage adaptations of its animated musical films \"Beauty and the Beast\" in 1994 and \"The Lion King\" in 1997. Thomas Schumacher, head of Disney Theatrical, proposed another adaptation, this time of the 1989 film \"The Little Mermaid\", approaching songwriter Alan Menken, who had composed the music for the film, to be part of the production team. Schumacher initially brought on director/choreographer Matthew Bourne to helm the musical, but Bourne left when their visions on the project differed. Schumacher then approached Francesca Zambello, telling her that \"We haven't found a way to do the water\".", "The Little Mermaid (soundtrack) The Little Mermaid: Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1989 Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\". It contains the songs from the film written by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, as well as the film's score composed by Alan Menken. The score was orchestrated by Thomas Pasatieri. The album has achieved multi-platinum sales and won the Grammy Award for Best Recording for Children. The album includes recordings of the music that won the Grammy for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television (\"Under the Sea\"), the Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\"Under the Sea\") and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The soundtrack was first released by Walt Disney Records on October 19, 1989, on both CD and cassette tape. On November 22, 1994, the album was included in a four-disc box set entitled \"The Music Behind the Magic: The Musical Artistry of Alan Menken, Howard Ashman & Tim Rice\". The box set included work tapes and demos intertwined into the finished original soundtrack. The soundtrack (without the demos and work tapes) was re-released with different artwork, on October 14, 1997, and it was released internationally on October 31, 2000, in a double pack with \"\" soundtrack. On October 3, 2006, a new two-disc special edition version of the soundtrack was released to correspond with the two-disc Platinum Edition DVD release of \"The Little Mermaid\". The first disc remains identical to the original release, yet with remastered audio while the newly added second disc is composed of various newly recorded versions of the film's songs by different artists, such as Ashley Tisdale, Raven-Symon\u00e9, The Jonas Brothers, and Jessica Simpson. It also included two music videos, as well as new cover art. \"", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Pictures. The 28th Disney animated feature film and first film in \"The Little Mermaid\" franchise, the film is loosely based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen. The film tells the story of a mermaid princess named Ariel who dreams of becoming human, after falling in love with a human prince named Eric. Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as co-producer alongside John Musker), and art direction by Michael Peraza Jr. and Donald A. Towns, the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and Ren\u00e9 Auberjonois. \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to critical acclaim, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and in total lifetime gross worldwide. After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \" Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s. It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance. The film won two Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\u201cUnder the Sea\u201d). A stage adaptation of the film with a book by Doug Wright and additional songs by Alan Menken and new lyricist Glenn Slater opened in Denver in July 2007 and began performances on Broadway January 10, 2008 starring Sierra Boggess.", "\"(I've Had) The Time of My Life\" Lyrics by Franke Previte, Music by John DeNicola & Donald Markowitz, performed by Bill Medley and Jennifer Warnes \u2013 Dirty Dancing \u2020 1988 (TIE) : \"Let the River Run\" Music & Lyrics by Carly Simon, performed by Carly Simon \u2013 Working Girl \u2020\" / \"Two Hearts\" Lyrics by Phil Collins, Music by Lamont Dozier \u2013 Buster \u2021\"   1989: \"Under the Sea\" Lyrics by Howard Ashman, Music by Alan Menken, performed by Samuel E. Wright \u2013 The Little Mermaid \u2020   1990: \"Blaze of Glory\" Music & Lyrics by Jon Bon Jovi, performed by Jon Bon Jovi \u2013 Young Guns II \u2021   1991 : \"Beauty and the Beast\" Lyrics by Howard Ashman, Music by Alan Menken, performed by Peabo Bryson and C\u00e9line Dion \u2013 Beauty and the Beast \u2020   1992: \"A Whole New World\" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Alan Menken, performed by Peabo Bryson and Regina Belle \u2013 Aladdin \u2020 1993: \"Streets of Philadelphia\" Music & Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen, performed by Bruce Springsteen \u2013 Philadelphia \u2020 1994 : \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Elton John, performed by Elton John \u2013 The Lion King \u2020   1995: \"Colors of the Wind\" Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz, Music by Alan Menken, performed by Vanessa Williams \u2013 Pocahontas \u2020 1996 : \"You Must Love Me \" Lyrics by Tim Rice, Music by Andrew Lloyd Webber, performed by Madonna \u2013 Evita \u2020 1997 : \"My Heart Will Go On\" Lyrics by Wilbur Jennings, Music by James Horner, performed by C\u00e9line Dion \u2013 Titanic \u2020"], "answer": {"text": "The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance.", "answer_start": 1424}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#2", "question": "What is the next Disney film that he worked on?", "rewrite": "What is the next Disney film that Alan Menken worked on after The Little Mermaid?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The song's title has been used for the Be Our Guest Restaurant at the Magic Kingdom, and as a tagline for promoting the 2017 film. The song has been parodied in an episode of \"The Simpsons\" and the film \"\". Originally, \"Beauty and the Beast\", under the direction of Richard Purdum, was not intended to be a musical. Then-studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg made the decision to turn the film into a Broadway-style musical similar to \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989), Disney's previous animated film, after he, displeased with the film's initial story reel, ordered the film scrapped and restarted from scratch. As a result, Purdum resigned, and first-time feature film directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale replaced him. Following the Academy Award-winning success of \"The Little Mermaid\", Katzenberg asked \"The Little Mermaid\" songwriting duo of Howard Ashman and Alan Menken to write the songs for and score \"Beauty and the Beast\". At first Ashman, who was at the time writing songs with Menken for a recently pitched idea for another Disney film called \"Aladdin\" (1992), was reluctant to join the struggling film project, but eventually agreed. Musically, \"Be Our Guest\" is based on a simple melody that was composed by Menken, who initially had little intention of using it as anything more than just a \"dummy.\" Upon singing the tune and presenting it to co-writer Ashman, Menken discovered that he was unable to come up with a melody capable of surpassing \"that dumb piece of music that I wrote initially because it was just right.\" Subsequently, Ashman wrote the song's lyrics.", "The Little Mermaid (musical) The Little Mermaid is a stage musical produced by Disney Theatrical, based on the animated 1989 Disney film of the same name and the classic story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen about a mermaid who dreams of the world above the sea and gives up her voice to find love. Its book is by Doug Wright, music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman (written for the film), with additional lyrics by Glenn Slater. Its underwater setting and story about aquatic characters requires unusual technical designs and strategies to create gliding movements for the actors. After a pre-Broadway tryout in Denver, Colorado from July to September 2007, the musical began Broadway previews on November 3, 2007 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, replacing Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". The production officially opened on January 10, 2008 and closed on August 30, 2009 after 685 performances and 50 previews. It introduced Broadway debuts by director Francesca Zambello and Sierra Boggess in the title role. Subsequent productions have been seen in US regional theatres and internationally. A modified version of the musical with a new book and direction by Glenn Casale was developed in 2012, and this version is the basis for subsequent productions. Disney Theatrical had success with stage adaptations of its animated musical films \"Beauty and the Beast\" in 1994 and \"The Lion King\" in 1997. Thomas Schumacher, head of Disney Theatrical, proposed another adaptation, this time of the 1989 film \"The Little Mermaid\", approaching songwriter Alan Menken, who had composed the music for the film, to be part of the production team. Schumacher initially brought on director/choreographer Matthew Bourne to helm the musical, but Bourne left when their visions on the project differed. Schumacher then approached Francesca Zambello, telling her that \"We haven't found a way to do the water\".", "The Little Mermaid (soundtrack) The Little Mermaid: Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1989 Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\". It contains the songs from the film written by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, as well as the film's score composed by Alan Menken. The score was orchestrated by Thomas Pasatieri. The album has achieved multi-platinum sales and won the Grammy Award for Best Recording for Children. The album includes recordings of the music that won the Grammy for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television (\"Under the Sea\"), the Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\"Under the Sea\") and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The soundtrack was first released by Walt Disney Records on October 19, 1989, on both CD and cassette tape. On November 22, 1994, the album was included in a four-disc box set entitled \"The Music Behind the Magic: The Musical Artistry of Alan Menken, Howard Ashman & Tim Rice\". The box set included work tapes and demos intertwined into the finished original soundtrack. The soundtrack (without the demos and work tapes) was re-released with different artwork, on October 14, 1997, and it was released internationally on October 31, 2000, in a double pack with \"\" soundtrack. On October 3, 2006, a new two-disc special edition version of the soundtrack was released to correspond with the two-disc Platinum Edition DVD release of \"The Little Mermaid\". The first disc remains identical to the original release, yet with remastered audio while the newly added second disc is composed of various newly recorded versions of the film's songs by different artists, such as Ashley Tisdale, Raven-Symon\u00e9, The Jonas Brothers, and Jessica Simpson. It also included two music videos, as well as new cover art. \"", "The second season of twenty-five color episodes aired on NBC as \"The Shirley Temple Show\" between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961 in much the same format that it had under its original title. The show aired their adaptation of \"The Little Mermaid\" on 5 March 1961 as episode 22 during the show's second season. Perhaps the most popular and most widely known version is the 1989 Disney film. \" The Little Mermaid\" is a 1989 American animated musical fantasy romance film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Pictures. Loosely based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen, the 1989 Disney film tells the story of a mermaid princess named Ariel, who dreams of becoming human; after falling in love with a human prince named Eric. Written, produced, and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as a co-producer), the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, and Pat Carroll among others. \"The Little Mermaid\" was originally planned as part of one of Walt Disney's earliest feature films, a proposed package film featuring vignettes of Hans Christian Andersen tales. Development started in the late 1930s, but was delayed due to various circumstances. In 1985, Ron Clements became interested in a film adaptation of \"The Little Mermaid\" while he was serving as a director on \"The Great Mouse Detective\" (1986). Clements discovered the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale while browsing through a bookstore. Believing the story provided an \"ideal basis\" for an animated feature film and keen on creating a film that took place underwater, Clements wrote and presented a two-page treatment of \"Mermaid\" to Disney CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg who approved of the idea for possible development the next day.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Pictures. The 28th Disney animated feature film and first film in \"The Little Mermaid\" franchise, the film is loosely based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen. The film tells the story of a mermaid princess named Ariel who dreams of becoming human, after falling in love with a human prince named Eric. Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as co-producer alongside John Musker), and art direction by Michael Peraza Jr. and Donald A. Towns, the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and Ren\u00e9 Auberjonois. \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to critical acclaim, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and in total lifetime gross worldwide. After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \" Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s. It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance. The film won two Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\u201cUnder the Sea\u201d). A stage adaptation of the film with a book by Doug Wright and additional songs by Alan Menken and new lyricist Glenn Slater opened in Denver in July 2007 and began performances on Broadway January 10, 2008 starring Sierra Boggess."], "answer": {"text": "The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film.", "answer_start": 41}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How was his work on The Little Mermaid received?", "answer": {"text": "The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance.", "answer_start": 1424, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#3", "question": "Did he win any awards for Aladdin?", "rewrite": "Did Alan Menken win any awards for Aladdin?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular was a Broadway-style show based on Disney's 1992 animated film \"Aladdin\" with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman, Tim Rice and Alan Menken. It was performed inside the Hyperion Theater in Hollywood Land at Disney California Adventure from 2003 to 2016. In September 2015, it was announced that the show's final day of performance would be January 10, 2016. The show was then closed on January 11, and was replaced by a musical stage show inspired by Disney's 2013 animated film \"Frozen\", which premiered in May 2016. A version of the show continues to play on board the Disney Cruise Line ship Disney Fantasy. The production is a Broadway-type show. Many of the scenes and songs from the movie are re-created on stage and some of the action spills out into the aisles, such as Prince Ali's arrival in Agrabah on elephant back. At Disney California Adventure, the 45-minute production took place in the 2,000 seat Hyperion Theater, located at the end of Hollywood Land. While most of the show was scripted, the Genie's dialogue often changed to reflect current events in the news and popular culture. The musical replaced the venue's previous show, \"The Power of Blast\", which played from 2001 to 2002. Alan Menken composed and wrote lyrics for a new song for this production, called \"To Be Free\". Buena Vista Records released an official soundtrack to the production in 2003. This is an original cast recording, and includes almost every piece of music used in the show. The main cast on the recording is Miles Wesley (Aladdin), Deedee Magno (Jasmine), Nick Santa Maria (Genie), Lance Roberts (Jafar) and Jamila Ajibade (Narrator).", "Proud of Your Boy \"Proud of Your Boy\" is a song written by Howard Ashman and composed by Alan Menken that was cut from the original 1992 Disney animated film \"Aladdin\", only to be brought back for the film's stage musical adaptation in 2011. The lyrics to \"Proud of Your Boy\" were written by Howard Ashman, before his death in 1991, and was cut by composer Alan Menken when the storyline was changed. This song ended up being replaced in the film by \"One Jump Ahead\". The demo by Alan Menken is available on the Special Edition Aladdin CD. Within the context of the musical, the song takes place just after \"One Jump Ahead\". Songwriter Howard Ashman was attached to the character of Aladdin's mother, and so fought for this song to stay in the musical. When the mother was written out for being superfluous, the song was cut as well. TheFW explains in the deleted scene featurette which played storyboards over the song, \"note a disguised Jafar lurking around the corner, foreshadowing a completely different meeting between the two characters\". The song is sung by Aladdin about his unnamed mother. He acknowledges his bad ways and promises he will make things right. TheFW described it as \"a touching ballad\". The inclusion of the song has led to some critiques of the structure of songs on the musical, as now it is placed alongside a song that replaced it in the film. \"Variety\" said \"That ballad, written for the film and later cut, is undeniably pretty, but emblematic of one of the problems the show\u2019s creators need to address. \u201cDisney\u2019s Aladdin\u201d has few truly earnest moments \u2014 so few that they feel out of place; they deflate next to the buoyant hijinks bracketing them.", "Aladdin (1992 soundtrack) Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack for the 1992 Disney animated feature film, \"Aladdin\"\". \"The album was released by Walt Disney Records on CD and cassette tape on October 27, 1992. The soundtrack was intertwined with demos, work tapes and unreleased masters, as well as original scores in 1994 in a four-disc box set entitled \"The Music Behind the Magic: The Musical Artistry of Alan Menken, Howard Ashman & Tim Rice\". A remastered reissue with altered lyrics and new artwork was released in 2001. A special edition reissue featuring two previously released demos and new artwork was released in 2004. The music on the album earned composer Alan Menken the Academy Award for Best Original Score and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score, as well as a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, and the lyricist Tim Rice the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the first and only Disney song to win a Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the song \"A Whole New World\". The album is one of the best-selling soundtrack albums to an animated film, with 3million copies sold in the United States and 300,000 copies sold in Canada. Notes   Total time of unreleased score material excluding song instrumentals: 34 minutes and 29 seconds Total time of unreleased score material including song instrumentals: 48 minutes and 51 seconds  Howard Ashman and Alan Menken composed several songs for an initial story treatment of Aladdin prior to beginning work on \"Beauty and the Beast\". This story treatment incorporated several plot elements from the original folk tale and additional characters that were eliminated during later story development. Three songs from this score - \"Arabian Nights\", \"Friend Like Me\" and \"Prince Ali\" - survive in the final film.", "For instance, during production of \"Aladdin\" Williams would improvise various impersonations at will, and his animator Eric Goldberg would choose the ones that would be translated into the film. One of those was an imitation of Pinocchio's nose growing, which made the Genie's head turn into Pinocchio's. Composers Alan Menken and Howard Ashman had conceived the Genie as \"a hip Harlem jazz singer, like Fats Waller or Cab Calloway.\" Thus Menken was afraid Williams would not be able to display the required singing capabilities, only changing his mind after seeing Williams perform \"Friend Like Me\" and \"Prince Ali\" at his Los Angeles home. Reception to Williams' involvement influenced tributes following his 2014 death, with critics considering the Genie to have been his most memorable performance. \" Aladdin\" composer Alan Menken lamented that Williams was \"a brilliant, adorable, hilarious, compassionate, vulnerable manifestation of the human condition.\" The Genie first appears in \"Aladdin\", where he is released from a magical oil lamp by the titular character in the collapsed Cave of Wonders. After he explains that he can grant three wishes, Aladdin, knowing that Genie would only grant his wish to get out of the cave if he used one of his wishes, dupes him into freeing Aladdin and Abu from the cave without using a wish. At a faraway oasis, the Genie is shocked when he finds that Aladdin didn't use his first wish to get out of the cave and reluctantly agrees to let Aladdin's first wish to be spared. Asked by Aladdin what he would wish for, Genie admits he would wish for freedom, since genies must follow the orders of a master\u2014in this case, Aladdin.", "Aladdin (2019 soundtrack) Aladdin (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is a soundtrack for the film of the same name, released by Walt Disney Records in May 2019. The soundtrack features a cover of \"A Whole New World\" by Zayn Malik and Zhavia Ward, songs from the original film, a new song written by the original film's composer Alan Menken and Pasek & Paul, and a score composed by Menken. The soundtrack was released on May 22, 2019. At the 2017 D23 Expo, Alan Menken, who composed the score and co-wrote songs for the animated film \"Aladdin\", was revealed to be co-writing new songs for its 2019 live-action remake with songwriters of \"La La Land\", Pasek & Paul. Menken will also compose the film's score, which will also include new versions of the original film's songs written by him, Howard Ashman and Tim Rice. Menken said that his score \"is obviously pulled from the themes of the songs, almost exclusively, but it is much more live action in its textures and its tone\" than the original film's. Menken, Pasek and Paul also wrote new lyrics for the original film's song \"Arabian Nights\", which was reworked as a musical number that introduces the film's story and characters to the audience. Menken said that \"[t]he job really was to be following along with the camera as it soars through Agrabah, setting up this world for the audience\", to which"], "answer": {"text": "The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 201}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How was his work on The Little Mermaid received?", "answer": {"text": "The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance.", "answer_start": 1424, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What is the next Disney film that he worked on?", "answer": {"text": "The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#4", "question": "Did The Little Mermaid win any awards?", "rewrite": "Did The Little Mermaid that Alan Menken wrote the music for win any awards?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The artistic manpower needed for \"The Little Mermaid\" required Disney to farm out most of the underwater bubble effects animation in the film to Pacific Rim Productions, a China-based firm with production facilities in Beijing. An attempt to use Disney's famed multiplane camera for the first time in years for quality \"depth\" shots failed because the machine was reputedly in dilapidated condition. The multiplane shots were instead photographed at an outside animation camera facility. \"The Little Mermaid\" was the last Disney feature film to use the traditional hand-painted cel method of animation. Disney's next film, \"The Rescuers Down Under\", used a digital method of coloring and combining scanned drawings developed for Disney by Pixar called CAPS/ink & paint (Computer Animation Production System), which would eliminate the need for cels, the multiplane camera, and many of the optical effects used for the last time in \"The Little Mermaid\". A CAPS/ink & paint prototype was used experimentally on a few scenes in \"The Little Mermaid\", and one shot produced using CAPS/ink & paint\u2014the penultimate shot in the film, of Ariel and Eric's wedding ship sailing away under a rainbow\u2014appears in the finished film. Computer-generated imagery was used to create some of the wrecked ships in the final battle, a staircase behind a shot of Ariel in Eric's castle, and the carriage Eric and Ariel are riding in when she bounces it over a ravine. These objects were animated using 3D wireframe models, which were plotted as line art to cels and painted traditionally. \"The Little Mermaid\" was considered by some as \"the film that brought Broadway into cartoons\". Alan Menken wrote the Academy Award winning score, and collaborated with Howard Ashman on the songs.", "The Little Mermaid (soundtrack) The Little Mermaid: Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1989 Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\". It contains the songs from the film written by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, as well as the film's score composed by Alan Menken. The score was orchestrated by Thomas Pasatieri. The album has achieved multi-platinum sales and won the Grammy Award for Best Recording for Children. The album includes recordings of the music that won the Grammy for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television (\"Under the Sea\"), the Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\"Under the Sea\") and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The soundtrack was first released by Walt Disney Records on October 19, 1989, on both CD and cassette tape. On November 22, 1994, the album was included in a four-disc box set entitled \"The Music Behind the Magic: The Musical Artistry of Alan Menken, Howard Ashman & Tim Rice\". The box set included work tapes and demos intertwined into the finished original soundtrack. The soundtrack (without the demos and work tapes) was re-released with different artwork, on October 14, 1997, and it was released internationally on October 31, 2000, in a double pack with \"\" soundtrack. On October 3, 2006, a new two-disc special edition version of the soundtrack was released to correspond with the two-disc Platinum Edition DVD release of \"The Little Mermaid\". The first disc remains identical to the original release, yet with remastered audio while the newly added second disc is composed of various newly recorded versions of the film's songs by different artists, such as Ashley Tisdale, Raven-Symon\u00e9, The Jonas Brothers, and Jessica Simpson. It also included two music videos, as well as new cover art. \"", "Fathoms Below \"Fathoms Below\" is the opening song from the 1989 animated Disney feature film \"The Little Mermaid\". It is 1:41 minutes in length, while the version in the musical is about twice as long, with additional lyrics written by Glenn Slater. The song is written by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, sung by the Ship's Chorus, and was featured on the album \"The Little Mermaid - An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack\". The song later made a brief appearance in the sixteenth episode of the fourth season of \"Once Upon a Time\", sung by a teenaged Ursula during a flashback. Ashman decided to structure the opening sequence as an underwater montage, and so along with Menken wrote the song \"Fathoms Below\". The song was severely cut in size as Jeffrey Katzenberg that thought in a film, unlike a Broadway show, audiences would be unwilling to watch a lengthy opening number. The extended sequence was meant to show that Ursula is King Triton's sister. The song is featured in the Disneyland attraction \"Electric Water Pageant\". The \"ship full of sailors first came onto the stage in the \u201cFathoms Below\u201d number\", and they sing about the mysteriousness of the deep blue sea, and mythical stories of the merfolk, such as \"look out lad, a mermaid be waiting for you\". The song it introduces the film and the legend of the merfolk from the perspective of sailors reciting to Prince Eric and foreshadows the love story between Ariel and Prince Eric. The song is a \"rousing sea chanty\". Filmtracks wrote that \"of the seven songs in \"The Little Mermaid\", the first two \"Fathoms Below\" and \"Daughters of Triton\" are weaker ensemble pieces that cannot compete with the lengthier production numbers that follow\".", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Pictures. The 28th Disney animated feature film and first film in \"The Little Mermaid\" franchise, the film is loosely based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen. The film tells the story of a mermaid princess named Ariel who dreams of becoming human, after falling in love with a human prince named Eric. Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as co-producer alongside John Musker), and art direction by Michael Peraza Jr. and Donald A. Towns, the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and Ren\u00e9 Auberjonois. \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to critical acclaim, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and in total lifetime gross worldwide. After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \" Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s. It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance. The film won two Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\u201cUnder the Sea\u201d). A stage adaptation of the film with a book by Doug Wright and additional songs by Alan Menken and new lyricist Glenn Slater opened in Denver in July 2007 and began performances on Broadway January 10, 2008 starring Sierra Boggess.", "\"Part of Your World\" has garnered critical acclaim; both film and music critics praised the song's quality and Benson's vocal performance. Several media publications agree that \"Part of Your World\" ranks among the greatest Disney songs ever written, and credit the success of the ballad with making \"I Want\" songs a standard component of future animated musical films. Critics have offered various interpretations of the song's empowering lyrics, ranging from seeking independence from overprotective parents to feminism and LGBT rights. In addition to becoming Benson's signature song, which she continues to perform live, \"Part of Your World\" has been covered extensively by several artists of various genres, including Faith Hill, Jessica Simpson, Miley Cyrus, Bruno Mars, Carly Rae Jepsen, Jessie J and Sara Bareilles. Actress Sierra Boggess debuted the song in the stage musical adaptation of the film, for which she originated the role of Ariel Written in 1986, \"Part of Your World\" was the first song lyricist Howard Ashman and composer Alan Menken wrote for \"The Little Mermaid\", although Menken had not yet been enlisted as Ashman's composer when the song was first conceived. Directly inspired by Broadway's most successful musicals, Ashman believed that \"The Little Mermaid\"'s story would benefit from at least one song that serves as its heroine's \"inner diary of thoughts\". Having always intended for Ariel to perform a song in her grotto, directors and screenwriters Ron Clements and John Musker originally asked Ashman to write a song in which Ariel declares her love for Prince Eric by singing to a statue of the character, but Ashman suggested that a song depicting the character's fascination with the human world would be a stronger alternative."], "answer": {"text": "The film gave them their first Oscar win: Best Song for the song \"Under the Sea\". Menken also won the 1989 Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 1546}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How was his work on The Little Mermaid received?", "answer": {"text": "The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance.", "answer_start": 1424, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What is the next Disney film that he worked on?", "answer": {"text": "The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for Aladdin?", "answer": {"text": "The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#5", "question": "What non-Disney film did Alan work on?", "rewrite": "What non-Disney film did Alan Menken work on?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular Disney's Aladdin: A Musical Spectacular was a Broadway-style show based on Disney's 1992 animated film \"Aladdin\" with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman, Tim Rice and Alan Menken. It was performed inside the Hyperion Theater in Hollywood Land at Disney California Adventure from 2003 to 2016. In September 2015, it was announced that the show's final day of performance would be January 10, 2016. The show was then closed on January 11, and was replaced by a musical stage show inspired by Disney's 2013 animated film \"Frozen\", which premiered in May 2016. A version of the show continues to play on board the Disney Cruise Line ship Disney Fantasy. The production is a Broadway-type show. Many of the scenes and songs from the movie are re-created on stage and some of the action spills out into the aisles, such as Prince Ali's arrival in Agrabah on elephant back. At Disney California Adventure, the 45-minute production took place in the 2,000 seat Hyperion Theater, located at the end of Hollywood Land. While most of the show was scripted, the Genie's dialogue often changed to reflect current events in the news and popular culture. The musical replaced the venue's previous show, \"The Power of Blast\", which played from 2001 to 2002. Alan Menken composed and wrote lyrics for a new song for this production, called \"To Be Free\". Buena Vista Records released an official soundtrack to the production in 2003. This is an original cast recording, and includes almost every piece of music used in the show. The main cast on the recording is Miles Wesley (Aladdin), Deedee Magno (Jasmine), Nick Santa Maria (Genie), Lance Roberts (Jafar) and Jamila Ajibade (Narrator).", "\"Pocahontas and her Forest Friends\" was a live stage show at Disney's Animal Kingdom at Disney World in Orlando, Florida. It took place at the Camp Minnie-Mickey land at Grandmother Willow\u2019s Grove, which is a 350-seat outdoor theater built for \"Pocahontas and her Forest Friends\". The show opened on April 22, 1998 and closed in 2008. It was a 12-minute show. The show was about Pocahontas from the 1995 Disney film of the same name. In the show, Pocahontas and Grandmother Willow, along with a new young tree character named Sprig and a host of live animals, teach the audience about the beauty of nature and how to live with Mother Nature in peace and harmony. \"Pocahontas: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack\" is the soundtrack to the 1995 Disney animated film, \"Pocahontas\". It contains songs from the film written by Alan Menken and Stephen Schwartz, conducted by David Friedman, and performed by Judy Kuhn, Mel Gibson, Linda Hunt, Jim Cummings and David Ogden Stiers among others, and singles by Jon Secada and Shanice, and Vanessa Williams, along with the film's score composed by Alan Menken. It was released by Walt Disney Records on May 23, 1995 on CD and audio cassette. is the soundtrack EP from the 1998 Disney film, \"\". \"Disney on Ice: Forever Love featuring Pocahontas\" was a Disney on Ice show, which made its debut in 1996, a year after the release of Disney's \"Pocahontas\". The ice show toured the United States and the world until 2000. Mickey and friends presented many Disney animated films on ice, but the main attraction of this show was Disney's newest animated film, \"Pocahontas\".", "Days in the Sun \"Days in the Sun\" is a song written by composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice for the musical fantasy film \"Beauty and the Beast\" (2017), a live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film of the same name. Rice and Menken developed the concept in 2007 during the first discussions about a remake. Performed by Adam Mitchell, Stanley Tucci, Ewan McGregor, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Ian McKellen, Emma Thompson, Emma Watson, Audra McDonald, and Clive Rowe, \"Days in the Sun\" is one of four songs added to the 2017 film. It was released on March 10, 2017, as part of the film's soundtrack. \"Days in the Sun\" is prominently featured in a flashback sequence about the death of the Beast's mother. In the lyrics, the Beast's servants and Belle reminisce about earlier parts of their lives. Serving as a replacement of the song \"Human Again\" from the stage adaptation of the original Disney film, it was regarded as a more sombre expression of the subject matter by music critics. An alternative version of \"Days in the Sun\", in which the Beast's mother sings a verse, was made available on the Blu-ray release; it was changed after a test audience confused Harriet Jones with Hattie Morahan, who played the mother and Agathe, respectively. Critical response to \"Days in the Sun\" was mixed; some critics praised its content while others questioned whether it was a necessary addition. In 2007, composer Alan Menken and lyricist Tim Rice developed the concept for \"Days in the Sun\" during early discussions about a possible live-action adaptation of Disney's 1991 animated film \"Beauty and the Beast\". They wrote it during a meeting in London where Menken attended the West End opening for his musical \"Sister Act\".", "Colors of the Wind \"Colors of the Wind\" is a song written by lyricist Stephen Schwartz and composer Alan Menken for Walt Disney Pictures' 33rd animated feature film \"Pocahontas\" (1995). The film's theme song, \"Colors of the Wind\" was originally recorded by American singer and actress Judy Kuhn in her role as the singing voice of Pocahontas. A pop ballad, the song's lyrics are about animism and respecting nature, and have been compared to both transcendentalist literature and New Age spirituality. \"Colors of the Wind\" received a mostly positive reception from critics, with a number of them citing it as one of the best songs from a Disney film. The song would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song. American actress and recording artist Vanessa Williams's adult contemporary cover of the song was released as the lead single from the film's soundtrack, and became a top ten hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \" Colors of the Wind\" would also be covered by other artists, including Ashanti and Brian Wilson, and was featured on an episode of \"Lip Sync Battle\". Following the death of Howard Ashman, the Walt Disney Company wanted to find another musician to collaborate with Alan Menken on his scores for animated films. Stephen Schwartz, the composer behind the Broadway theater hits \"Godspell\" (1971), \"Pippin\" (1972), and \"The Magic Show\" (1974), received a call from the company asking if he would like to collaborate with Menken. Schwartz had never considered working in the film industry, but agreed to do so nonetheless. Schwartz did not feel he was well-suited to the job.", "Hercules (musical) Hercules is a musical based on the Walt Disney Animation Studios 1997 film of the same name. The music and lyrics were written by Alan Menken and David Zippel with a book by Kristoffer Diaz. The production is also loosely based on the legendary hero of the same name, the son of Zeus, in Greek mythology. Produced by Disney Theatrical Productions, the musical had a tryout at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park in August 2019 to positive and mixed reviews. In July 2017, Alan Menken said that he is working on a stage adaptation of the 1997 film, \"Hercules\". On February 6, 2019, it was announced that the theatrical adaptation would premiere later that year. A pre-broadway tryout occurred at Delacorte Theater in Central Park, Manhattan, New York, as part of its annual Shakespeare in the Park festival from August 31 until September 8. Menken and David Zippel returned to compose and write the songs, while Kristoffer Diaz wrote the book, Lear deBessonet directed and Chase Brock choreographed. The cast included Jelani Alladin (Hercules), Roger Bart (Hades), Jeff Hiller (Panic), James Monroe Iglehart (Phil), Ramona Keller (Thalia), Tamika Lawrence (Calliope), Krysta Rodriguez (Meg), and Rema Webb (Terpsichore). Menken wrote new songs for the musical, as well as reusing the film's original works. The music was performed by Alan Menken, with lyrics by David Zippel. The pre-broadway tryout production has garnered mixed to positive reviews from critics, with many praising the cast, music, story, and production value. Thom Geier, of \"TheWrap\", praised the production, saying it \"works better than bigger-budgeted recent efforts like \"Frozen\"\"."], "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman wrote their next musical, Little Shop of Horrors,", "answer_start": 1325}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How was his work on The Little Mermaid received?", "answer": {"text": "The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance.", "answer_start": 1424, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What is the next Disney film that he worked on?", "answer": {"text": "The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for Aladdin?", "answer": {"text": "The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did The Little Mermaid win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The film gave them their first Oscar win: Best Song for the song \"Under the Sea\". Menken also won the 1989 Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 1546, "bid": 2}}]}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#6", "question": "What is another Disney cartoon film that Alan scored the music to?", "rewrite": "What is another Disney cartoon film that Alan Menken scored the music to other than Aladdin and The Little Mermaid?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Little Mermaid (musical) The Little Mermaid is a stage musical produced by Disney Theatrical, based on the animated 1989 Disney film of the same name and the classic story of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen about a mermaid who dreams of the world above the sea and gives up her voice to find love. Its book is by Doug Wright, music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Howard Ashman (written for the film), with additional lyrics by Glenn Slater. Its underwater setting and story about aquatic characters requires unusual technical designs and strategies to create gliding movements for the actors. After a pre-Broadway tryout in Denver, Colorado from July to September 2007, the musical began Broadway previews on November 3, 2007 at the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, replacing Disney's \"Beauty and the Beast\". The production officially opened on January 10, 2008 and closed on August 30, 2009 after 685 performances and 50 previews. It introduced Broadway debuts by director Francesca Zambello and Sierra Boggess in the title role. Subsequent productions have been seen in US regional theatres and internationally. A modified version of the musical with a new book and direction by Glenn Casale was developed in 2012, and this version is the basis for subsequent productions. Disney Theatrical had success with stage adaptations of its animated musical films \"Beauty and the Beast\" in 1994 and \"The Lion King\" in 1997. Thomas Schumacher, head of Disney Theatrical, proposed another adaptation, this time of the 1989 film \"The Little Mermaid\", approaching songwriter Alan Menken, who had composed the music for the film, to be part of the production team. Schumacher initially brought on director/choreographer Matthew Bourne to helm the musical, but Bourne left when their visions on the project differed. Schumacher then approached Francesca Zambello, telling her that \"We haven't found a way to do the water\".", "The song's title has been used for the Be Our Guest Restaurant at the Magic Kingdom, and as a tagline for promoting the 2017 film. The song has been parodied in an episode of \"The Simpsons\" and the film \"\". Originally, \"Beauty and the Beast\", under the direction of Richard Purdum, was not intended to be a musical. Then-studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg made the decision to turn the film into a Broadway-style musical similar to \"The Little Mermaid\" (1989), Disney's previous animated film, after he, displeased with the film's initial story reel, ordered the film scrapped and restarted from scratch. As a result, Purdum resigned, and first-time feature film directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale replaced him. Following the Academy Award-winning success of \"The Little Mermaid\", Katzenberg asked \"The Little Mermaid\" songwriting duo of Howard Ashman and Alan Menken to write the songs for and score \"Beauty and the Beast\". At first Ashman, who was at the time writing songs with Menken for a recently pitched idea for another Disney film called \"Aladdin\" (1992), was reluctant to join the struggling film project, but eventually agreed. Musically, \"Be Our Guest\" is based on a simple melody that was composed by Menken, who initially had little intention of using it as anything more than just a \"dummy.\" Upon singing the tune and presenting it to co-writer Ashman, Menken discovered that he was unable to come up with a melody capable of surpassing \"that dumb piece of music that I wrote initially because it was just right.\" Subsequently, Ashman wrote the song's lyrics.", "\" The Little Mermaid\" was released in November 1989 and it was an enormous success. Ashman and Menken received two Golden Globe nominations and three Academy Award nominations including two for \"Kiss The Girl\" and \"Under The Sea\" with Ashman winning both awards for the latter. In 1988, while working on \"The Little Mermaid\", Ashman pitched the idea of an animated musical adaptation of \"Aladdin\" to Disney. After he wrote a group of songs with partner Alan Menken, and a film treatment, a screenplay was written by Linda Woolverton, who had worked on \"Beauty and the Beast\". Directors John Musker and Ron Clements then joined the production, and the story underwent many changes, with some elements of the original treatment being dropped. Out of the 16 songs written for \"Aladdin\", three of Ashman's songs ended up in the finished film, which was released after his death. During early production of \"Aladdin\", Ashman and Menken were approached to help reinvigorate and save the production of \"Beauty and the Beast\", which was going nowhere as a non-musical. Ashman, wishing to focus on \"Aladdin\" and his health, reluctantly agreed. It was at this time that his health began to decline due to his illness. Regardless, he completed lyrical work on \"Beauty and the Beast\" before succumbing to AIDS. The film was released mere months after his death and is dedicated to him. Along with Menken, Ashman was the co-recipient of two Grammy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards and two Academy Awards. Upon receiving his second Academy Award posthumously, William P. \"Bill\" Lauch, his partner, accepted the award in his stead.", "The Little Mermaid (1989 film) The Little Mermaid is a 1989 American animated musical romantic fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and Walt Disney Pictures. The 28th Disney animated feature film and first film in \"The Little Mermaid\" franchise, the film is loosely based on the Danish fairy tale of the same name by Hans Christian Andersen. The film tells the story of a mermaid princess named Ariel who dreams of becoming human, after falling in love with a human prince named Eric. Written and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker, with music by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman (who also served as co-producer alongside John Musker), and art direction by Michael Peraza Jr. and Donald A. Towns, the film features the voices of Jodi Benson, Christopher Daniel Barnes, Pat Carroll, Samuel E. Wright, Jason Marin, Kenneth Mars, Buddy Hackett, and Ren\u00e9 Auberjonois. \"The Little Mermaid\" was released to theaters on November 17, 1989 to critical acclaim, garnering $84 million at the domestic box office during its initial release, and in total lifetime gross worldwide. After the success of the 1988 Disney/Amblin film \" Who Framed Roger Rabbit\", \"The Little Mermaid\" is given credit for breathing life back into the art of Disney animated feature films after a string of critical or commercial failures produced by Disney that dated back to the early 1970s. It also marked the start of the era known as the Disney Renaissance. The film won two Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\u201cUnder the Sea\u201d). A stage adaptation of the film with a book by Doug Wright and additional songs by Alan Menken and new lyricist Glenn Slater opened in Denver in July 2007 and began performances on Broadway January 10, 2008 starring Sierra Boggess.", "The Little Mermaid (soundtrack) The Little Mermaid: Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1989 Disney animated feature film, \"The Little Mermaid\". It contains the songs from the film written by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, as well as the film's score composed by Alan Menken. The score was orchestrated by Thomas Pasatieri. The album has achieved multi-platinum sales and won the Grammy Award for Best Recording for Children. The album includes recordings of the music that won the Grammy for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television (\"Under the Sea\"), the Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song (\"Under the Sea\") and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The soundtrack was first released by Walt Disney Records on October 19, 1989, on both CD and cassette tape. On November 22, 1994, the album was included in a four-disc box set entitled \"The Music Behind the Magic: The Musical Artistry of Alan Menken, Howard Ashman & Tim Rice\". The box set included work tapes and demos intertwined into the finished original soundtrack. The soundtrack (without the demos and work tapes) was re-released with different artwork, on October 14, 1997, and it was released internationally on October 31, 2000, in a double pack with \"\" soundtrack. On October 3, 2006, a new two-disc special edition version of the soundtrack was released to correspond with the two-disc Platinum Edition DVD release of \"The Little Mermaid\". The first disc remains identical to the original release, yet with remastered audio while the newly added second disc is composed of various newly recorded versions of the film's songs by different artists, such as Ashley Tisdale, Raven-Symon\u00e9, The Jonas Brothers, and Jessica Simpson. It also included two music videos, as well as new cover art. \""], "answer": {"text": "His other film scores for Disney have included Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010).", "answer_start": 955}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How was his work on The Little Mermaid received?", "answer": {"text": "The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance.", "answer_start": 1424, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What is the next Disney film that he worked on?", "answer": {"text": "The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for Aladdin?", "answer": {"text": "The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did The Little Mermaid win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The film gave them their first Oscar win: Best Song for the song \"Under the Sea\". Menken also won the 1989 Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 1546, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What non-Disney film did Alan work on?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman wrote their next musical, Little Shop of Horrors,", "answer_start": 1325, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_726fbc40747c446184ab87a73b04764c_1_q#7", "question": "Did Alan create any songs for those films that became popular?", "rewrite": "Did Alan create any songs for Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010) that became popular?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Shaggy Dog (2006 film) The Shaggy Dog is a 2006 American family comedy film directed by Brian Robbins and written by Geoff Rodkey, Jack Amiel, Michael Begler, Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley, based on the 1959 live-action film of the same name. The original film had a character named Wilby Daniels transforming into an Bearded collie after putting on a magic ring, whereas the remake presents a character named Dave Douglas transforming into a Bearded Collie after getting bitten by a sacred dog. It stars Tim Allen, Robert Downey Jr., Kristin Davis, Danny Glover, Spencer Breslin, Jane Curtin, Zena Grey and Philip Baker Hall. \"The Shaggy Dog\" released on March 10, 2006 by Walt Disney Pictures, received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $87 million against its $50 million budget. Dave Douglas (Tim Allen) is a deputy district attorney in Los Angeles County who is prosecuting social studies teacher and activist Justin Forrester (Joshua Leonard) for firebombing the pharmaceutical corporation Grant and Strictland. Forrester denies this, but claims that Grant and Strictland have been engaging in illegal animal experimentation. This distances Douglas from his daughter Carly (Zena Grey), one of Forrester's students. As Dave is also a workaholic, his relationship with his wife, Rebecca (Kristin Davis), and son, Josh (Spencer Breslin), are also strained. The greedy geneticists working for Mr. Lance Strictland (Philip Baker Hall), led by Dr. Kozak (Robert Downey Jr.), have stolen a 300-year-old sacred dog named Khyi Yang Po (a Bearded Collie) from a Tibetan monastery.", "Shaggy dog story In its original sense, a shaggy dog story or yarn is an extremely long-winded anecdote characterized by extensive narration of typically irrelevant incidents and terminated by an anticlimax. Shaggy dog stories play upon the audience's preconceptions of joke-telling. The audience listens to the story with certain expectations, which are either simply not met or met in some entirely unexpected manner. A lengthy shaggy dog story derives its humour from the fact that the joke-teller held the attention of the listeners for a long time (such jokes can take five minutes or more to tell) for no reason at all, as the end resolution is essentially meaningless. The nature of their delivery is reflected in the English idiom \"spin a yarn\", by way of analogy with the production of yarn. The commonly believed archetype of the shaggy dog story is a story that concerns a shaggy dog. The story builds up, repeatedly emphasizing how shaggy the dog is. At the climax of the story, someone in the story reacts with, \"That dog's not so shaggy. \" The expectations of the audience that have been built up by the presentation of the story, that the story will end with a punchline, are thus disappointed. Ted Cohen gives the following example of this story: However, authorities disagree as to whether this particular story is the archetype after which the category is named. Eric Partridge, for example, provides a very different story, as do William and Mary Morris in \"The Morris Dictionary of Word and Phrase Origins\". According to Partridge and the Morrises, the archetypical shaggy dog story involves an advertisement placed in the \"Times\" announcing a search for a shaggy dog.", "\"The Shaggy Dog\" grossed $61.1 million in the United States and Canada and $26 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $87.1 million, against its budget of $60 million. In its opening weekend the film made $16.3 million, finishing second at the box office behind \"Failure to Launch\" ($24.4 million). On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 26% based on 103 reviews and an average rating of 4.43/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"This Disney retread has neither inspiration nor originality, but may please moviegoers under the age of ten. \" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 43 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B+\" on an A+ to F scale. BBC called Allen uninteresting and said he \"only stops short of leg-humping in his attempts to win our affections\". At the Razzie Awards, the film earned three nominations, \"Worst Actor\" for Tim Allen, \"Worst Remake or Rip-Off\" and \"Worst Excuse for Family Entertainment\", but failed to \"win\" any of those categories. \"Variety\" Chief Film Critic Justin Chang noted: \"its occasional lump-in-the-throat moments are almost effortlessly achieved, thanks to strong work from [Kristin] Davis and Spencer Breslin in particular.\" The soundtrack to \"The Shaggy Dog\" was released on March 14, 2006. The entire score is by Alan Menken.", "Tim Allen Timothy Alan Dick (born June 13, 1953), known professionally as Tim Allen, is an American actor and comedian. He is known for playing Tim \"The Toolman\" Taylor on the ABC sitcom \"Home Improvement\" (1991\u20131999) and Mike Baxter on the ABC sitcom \" Last Man Standing\" (2011\u2013). He also voices Buzz Lightyear for the \"Toy Story franchise\" and played Scott Calvin and Santa Claus in \"The Santa Clause\" film trilogy (1994\u20132006). Allen's other films include \"For Richer or Poorer\" (1997), \"Jungle 2 Jungle\" (1997), \"Galaxy Quest\" (1999), \"Big Trouble\" (2002), \"Christmas with the Kranks\" (2004), \"The Shaggy Dog\" (2006), \"Wild Hogs\" (2007), \"Redbelt\" (2008), and \"Crazy on the Outside\" (2010). Allen was born in Denver, Colorado, to Martha Katherine (n\u00e9e Fox), a community-service worker, and Gerald M. Dick, a real estate agent. He is the third oldest of five brothers. His father died in a car accident in November 1964, colliding with a drunk driver when Allen was 11. Two years later, his mother married her high school sweetheart, a business executive, and moved with her six children to Birmingham, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, to be with her new husband and his three children. Allen attended Seaholm High School in Birmingham, where he was in theater and music classes (resulting in his love of classical piano). He then attended Central Michigan University before transferring to Western Michigan University in 1974. At Western Michigan, Allen worked at the student radio station WIDR and received a Bachelor of Science degree in communications specializing in radio and television production in 1976 with a split minor in philosophy and design.", "Menken won another Oscar for Best Score. The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film. The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score. Menken's live action musical film Newsies, with lyrics by Jack Feldman, was released in 1992. Three more animated musical films followed. Menken collaborated with Stephen Schwartz for Pocahontas, for which the two won two Oscars: Best Song and Best Musical or Comedy Score. In 1996, the same musical team created the songs, and Menken, the score, for The Hunchback of Notre Dame. In 1997, Menken reunited with his early collaborator, David Zippel, for his last animated musical film in the series, Hercules. Menken also wrote the music for the Michael J. Fox vehicle Life with Mikey (1993), the holiday film Noel (2004) and Mirror Mirror (2012). His other film scores for Disney have included Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010). In March 2017, Disney released a live action film adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, with the songs from the 1991 film and new material by Menken and Rice. As of 2017, Menken is collaborating on writing new songs with Pasek and Paul for a live-action film remake of Aladdin and is also working with Lin-Manuel Miranda on new music for a live-action film adaptation of The Little Mermaid. With eight Academy Awards (four each for best score and best song), only composer Alfred Newman (nine wins) and Walt Disney (22 wins) have received more Oscars than Menken."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What work did Alan Menken do with Disney?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman were hired by Walt Disney Studios to write the music for The Little Mermaid (1989).", "answer_start": 1133, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "How was his work on The Little Mermaid received?", "answer": {"text": "The Little Mermaid opened to critical and commercial success and signaled a new Disney era called the Disney Renaissance.", "answer_start": 1424, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What is the next Disney film that he worked on?", "answer": {"text": "The two were working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's death in 1991. Subsequently, Menken went to collaborate with Tim Rice to finish the songs for the film.", "answer_start": 41, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did he win any awards for Aladdin?", "answer": {"text": "The film won an Oscar in 1992 for Best Song: \"A Whole New World\". Menken also won the Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 201, "bid": 3}}, {"question": "Did The Little Mermaid win any awards?", "answer": {"text": "The film gave them their first Oscar win: Best Song for the song \"Under the Sea\". Menken also won the 1989 Oscar for Best Score.", "answer_start": 1546, "bid": 2}}, {"question": "What non-Disney film did Alan work on?", "answer": {"text": "Menken and Ashman wrote their next musical, Little Shop of Horrors,", "answer_start": 1325, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What is another Disney cartoon film that Alan scored the music to?", "answer": {"text": "His other film scores for Disney have included Home on the Range (2004), the Tim Allen remake of The Shaggy Dog (2006), Enchanted (2007) and Tangled (2010).", "answer_start": 955, "bid": 3}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6dc8697fb264452b128e2c371eed9d3_1_q#0", "question": "When was Zheng-He born?", "rewrite": "When was Zheng-He born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zheng Tian Zheng Tian (, 821?/825?\u2013883?), courtesy name Taiwen (\u81fa\u6587), formally Duke Wenzhao of Xingyang (\u6ece\u967d\u6587\u662d\u516c), was a chancellor of late Tang Dynasty, serving two terms as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xizong. He was heavily involved in the Tang campaign against the agrarian rebel Huang Chao and Huang Chao's state of Qi. Assuming that Zheng Tian died in 883, he might have been born in either 821 or 825. His family was originally from Xingyang (\u6ece\u967d, in modern Zhengzhou, Henan), but his traceable ancestry only went as far back as his great-grandfather Zheng Shaolin (\u912d\u5c11\u9130), who served as a civil service official under the prefect of Zheng Prefecture (\u912d\u5dde, in modern Zhengzhou). Zheng Shaolin, as well as Zheng Tian's grandfather Zheng Mu (\u912d\u7a46) and Zheng Tian's father Zheng Ya (\u912d\u4e9e), all passed the imperial examinations in the \"Jinshi\" class, and while Zheng Mu served only as a county magistrate, Zheng Ya became well known for his abilities, and he became a close associate of the chancellor Li Deyu, who was particularly powerful during the reign of Emperor Wuzong, eventually serving as a high level imperial consultant. Other than Zheng Tian, Zheng Ya had at least two younger sons, Zheng Jun (\u912d\u756f) and Zheng Pi (\u912d\u6bd7). Zheng Tian himself passed the imperial examinations in the \"Jinshi\" class when he was 17, and thereafter served as a staff member under the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Xuanwu Circuit (\u5ba3\u6b66, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan).", "Zheng Yanfen Zheng Yanfen (; 8 February 1902 \u2013 21 June 1990) was a Chinese-born politician based in Taiwan. Zheng was born on 8 February 1902 in present-day Shunde, Guangdong. His father died when Zheng was six years old. At the age of nine, Zheng began attending a private school and at ten years old moved to a school in Beijiao. Zheng spent 1916 at school in Hong Kong, returning to Guangzhou the next year, and soon found work as a journalist. He was accepted into a normal school affiliated with National Guangdong University in 1918, and became active in student government, while also serving on the staff of several student publications. Influenced by professor Huang Xisheng, Zheng left the study of math and chemistry, to focus on education instead. Zheng's academic performance caught the attention of school president , who suggested that Zheng join the Kuomintang. Zheng became a member of the party in 1923. In January 1924, Sun Yat-sen held lectures on his political philosophy, the Three Principles of the People, at Zheng's school. Upon graduation, Zheng chose to further his studies in education in Japan. Upon his return, Zheng worked as a mathematics teacher and department director at National Guangdong University. In late 1925, Zheng arrived in France to study at the University of Lyon. By 1926, Zheng became leader of the French chapter of the Kuomintang. From his base in Lyon, he oversaw party operations in several western European countries. In 1927, Zheng transferred to the University of Paris. The next year, he returned to China, attending the Third Kuomintang National Congress in Nanjing. Zheng then became the European bureau chief for the \"Central Daily News\". Zheng formally declared his support of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government in 1930 and began work at the League of Nations.", "Zheng Xiaocang Zheng Xiaocang (1892\u20131979; ), was a Chinese writer, translator, and educator. He is well known for his large publications about education in China. Zheng was a former acting president of Zhejiang University, and former president of Zhejiang Normal University. Zheng was born in September 1892 in Haining County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. In June 1912, Zheng graduated from Zhejiang Advanced College (current Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou. In June 1914, Zheng graduated from Tsinghua School (current Tsinghua University) in Beijing. Zheng went to the United States to continue his study. Zheng first studied at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison (BA) then at Columbia University. Zheng obtained MA (some sources indicate as PhD) from Columbia University. In 1918, Zheng returned to China. Zheng was a professor of education at Nanjing Normal University and Southeast University. Zheng served the Dean of the School of Education of National Central University (current Nanjing University in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) for ten years. From June 1928, Zheng taught at Zhejiang University. Zheng founded the department of education at Zhejiang University. Zheng was the head of the education department of Zhejiang University, then the Dean of School of Education. Zheng was also the head of Graduate School, the Provost, and the acting President of Zhejiang University (from February to April 1936). In 1952, the old Zhejiang University was split, and the new Hangzhou Normal College (\u676d\u5dde\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662; later promoted to Hangzhou University; and Hangzhou University was re-merged into Zhejiang University in 1998; this Hangzhou Normal School is totally different from current \"Hangzhou Normal University\") was established from the faculties and resources of Zhejiang University. Zheng was pointed professor of Hangzhou University and Zhejiang Normal College (current Zhejiang Normal University). In 1962, Zheng was appointed the president of Zhejiang Normal University.", "The Tokugawa Bakufu let wandering Japanese fighters join the Zheng to let off steam and avoid them plaguing Japan, they were afraid that daimyo entering the war on the Zheng's side would give them power and at the same time they were worried about fighting face to face against Manchus and there was massive danger involved in engaging in a war on the continent and mobilizing Japan for total war. The anti-Dutch Vietnamese Nguyen lord agreed to trade with Zheng to gain money to fight against the Dutch and their rival Trinh Lords in Tonkin, who were allies of the Dutch. Zheng also traded with the Trinh Lords which helped squeeze the Dutch out. The Qing demanded that Zheng Jing adopt the queue and abandon his island bases in exchange for negotiations. Zheng Jing indicated that he wanted to build a new China upon Taiwan and the seas and leave the mainland to the Qing, it was said \"the Great Ming has settled among the waves . . . and administers a separate land from the Qing. \" by a Zheng merchant Chen De to Korean officials in 1667. They were given a feast by the Koreans. Zheng Tai defected to the Qing and started a dispute against Zheng Jing and Shichizaemon over the Nagasaki Chinese Interpreter's Office silver desposit of 3000,000 taels. During the revolt of the three feudatories, Zheng Jing launched a new offensive against the Qing and retook land in Fujian. Zheng Tai's relatives in Beijing re-defected to Zheng Jing's side and after Zheng Jing restarted his anti-Qing activities, the Tokugawa renewed trade and solved the silver dispute between Zheng Tai and Zheng Jing, handing over the silver to Zheng Jing. Japanese samurai joining the Zheng were hosted on one of Jilong's islands in northern Taiwan, and from Nagasaki, more weapons, swords and cannons were bought by the Zheng. Koxinga's grandson Zheng Keshuang", "The state of Zheng was one of the strongest at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. Zheng was the first Zhou state to annex another state, Xi, sometime between 684 and 680 BC. Throughout the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng was one of the wealthiest states, relying on its central location for inter-state commerce and having the largest number of merchants of any state. Zheng often used its wealth to bribe itself out of difficult situations. Duke Zhuang of Zheng (743\u2013701 BC) was arguably a forerunner of the Five Hegemons, though Zheng derived its dominance by dramatically different means compared to those of the later hegemons by defeating an alliance of feudal states led by Zhou itself and wounding King Huan of Zhou. When Duke Zhuang died there was a civil war between his sons and Zheng ceased to be a powerful state. By the later stages of the period, Zheng had no room to expand. Due to its central location, Zheng was hemmed in on all sides by larger states. During the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng frequently switched its diplomatic alliances. Zheng was the center of diplomatic contention between Chu and Qi, then later Chu and Jin. Although Zheng was forced to become a minor player in the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, it was still quite strong, defeating a combined alliance of Jin, Song, Chen and Wei in 607 BCE. Under the statesman Zichan, Zheng was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in 543 BCE. Zheng later declined until it was annexed by the state of Han in 375 BCE. The Zheng family of Xingyang \u8365\u9633\u90d1\u6c0f claim descent from the Zhou dynasty kings through the rulers of the State of Zheng. The Marquis of Xingyang rank was created for Zheng Xi. The Xingyang Zheng descendants included Zheng Daozhao and Zheng Xi."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b6dc8697fb264452b128e2c371eed9d3_1_q#1", "question": "Where did he grow up?", "rewrite": "Where did Zheng-He grow up?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Zheng Xiaocang Zheng Xiaocang (1892\u20131979; ), was a Chinese writer, translator, and educator. He is well known for his large publications about education in China. Zheng was a former acting president of Zhejiang University, and former president of Zhejiang Normal University. Zheng was born in September 1892 in Haining County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. In June 1912, Zheng graduated from Zhejiang Advanced College (current Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou. In June 1914, Zheng graduated from Tsinghua School (current Tsinghua University) in Beijing. Zheng went to the United States to continue his study. Zheng first studied at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison (BA) then at Columbia University. Zheng obtained MA (some sources indicate as PhD) from Columbia University. In 1918, Zheng returned to China. Zheng was a professor of education at Nanjing Normal University and Southeast University. Zheng served the Dean of the School of Education of National Central University (current Nanjing University in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) for ten years. From June 1928, Zheng taught at Zhejiang University. Zheng founded the department of education at Zhejiang University. Zheng was the head of the education department of Zhejiang University, then the Dean of School of Education. Zheng was also the head of Graduate School, the Provost, and the acting President of Zhejiang University (from February to April 1936). In 1952, the old Zhejiang University was split, and the new Hangzhou Normal College (\u676d\u5dde\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662; later promoted to Hangzhou University; and Hangzhou University was re-merged into Zhejiang University in 1998; this Hangzhou Normal School is totally different from current \"Hangzhou Normal University\") was established from the faculties and resources of Zhejiang University. Zheng was pointed professor of Hangzhou University and Zhejiang Normal College (current Zhejiang Normal University). In 1962, Zheng was appointed the president of Zhejiang Normal University.", "Zheng Tian Zheng Tian (, 821?/825?\u2013883?), courtesy name Taiwen (\u81fa\u6587), formally Duke Wenzhao of Xingyang (\u6ece\u967d\u6587\u662d\u516c), was a chancellor of late Tang Dynasty, serving two terms as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xizong. He was heavily involved in the Tang campaign against the agrarian rebel Huang Chao and Huang Chao's state of Qi. Assuming that Zheng Tian died in 883, he might have been born in either 821 or 825. His family was originally from Xingyang (\u6ece\u967d, in modern Zhengzhou, Henan), but his traceable ancestry only went as far back as his great-grandfather Zheng Shaolin (\u912d\u5c11\u9130), who served as a civil service official under the prefect of Zheng Prefecture (\u912d\u5dde, in modern Zhengzhou). Zheng Shaolin, as well as Zheng Tian's grandfather Zheng Mu (\u912d\u7a46) and Zheng Tian's father Zheng Ya (\u912d\u4e9e), all passed the imperial examinations in the \"Jinshi\" class, and while Zheng Mu served only as a county magistrate, Zheng Ya became well known for his abilities, and he became a close associate of the chancellor Li Deyu, who was particularly powerful during the reign of Emperor Wuzong, eventually serving as a high level imperial consultant. Other than Zheng Tian, Zheng Ya had at least two younger sons, Zheng Jun (\u912d\u756f) and Zheng Pi (\u912d\u6bd7). Zheng Tian himself passed the imperial examinations in the \"Jinshi\" class when he was 17, and thereafter served as a staff member under the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Xuanwu Circuit (\u5ba3\u6b66, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan).", "The state of Zheng was one of the strongest at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. Zheng was the first Zhou state to annex another state, Xi, sometime between 684 and 680 BC. Throughout the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng was one of the wealthiest states, relying on its central location for inter-state commerce and having the largest number of merchants of any state. Zheng often used its wealth to bribe itself out of difficult situations. Duke Zhuang of Zheng (743\u2013701 BC) was arguably a forerunner of the Five Hegemons, though Zheng derived its dominance by dramatically different means compared to those of the later hegemons by defeating an alliance of feudal states led by Zhou itself and wounding King Huan of Zhou. When Duke Zhuang died there was a civil war between his sons and Zheng ceased to be a powerful state. By the later stages of the period, Zheng had no room to expand. Due to its central location, Zheng was hemmed in on all sides by larger states. During the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng frequently switched its diplomatic alliances. Zheng was the center of diplomatic contention between Chu and Qi, then later Chu and Jin. Although Zheng was forced to become a minor player in the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, it was still quite strong, defeating a combined alliance of Jin, Song, Chen and Wei in 607 BCE. Under the statesman Zichan, Zheng was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in 543 BCE. Zheng later declined until it was annexed by the state of Han in 375 BCE. The Zheng family of Xingyang \u8365\u9633\u90d1\u6c0f claim descent from the Zhou dynasty kings through the rulers of the State of Zheng. The Marquis of Xingyang rank was created for Zheng Xi. The Xingyang Zheng descendants included Zheng Daozhao and Zheng Xi.", "The Tokugawa Bakufu let wandering Japanese fighters join the Zheng to let off steam and avoid them plaguing Japan, they were afraid that daimyo entering the war on the Zheng's side would give them power and at the same time they were worried about fighting face to face against Manchus and there was massive danger involved in engaging in a war on the continent and mobilizing Japan for total war. The anti-Dutch Vietnamese Nguyen lord agreed to trade with Zheng to gain money to fight against the Dutch and their rival Trinh Lords in Tonkin, who were allies of the Dutch. Zheng also traded with the Trinh Lords which helped squeeze the Dutch out. The Qing demanded that Zheng Jing adopt the queue and abandon his island bases in exchange for negotiations. Zheng Jing indicated that he wanted to build a new China upon Taiwan and the seas and leave the mainland to the Qing, it was said \"the Great Ming has settled among the waves . . . and administers a separate land from the Qing. \" by a Zheng merchant Chen De to Korean officials in 1667. They were given a feast by the Koreans. Zheng Tai defected to the Qing and started a dispute against Zheng Jing and Shichizaemon over the Nagasaki Chinese Interpreter's Office silver desposit of 3000,000 taels. During the revolt of the three feudatories, Zheng Jing launched a new offensive against the Qing and retook land in Fujian. Zheng Tai's relatives in Beijing re-defected to Zheng Jing's side and after Zheng Jing restarted his anti-Qing activities, the Tokugawa renewed trade and solved the silver dispute between Zheng Tai and Zheng Jing, handing over the silver to Zheng Jing. Japanese samurai joining the Zheng were hosted on one of Jilong's islands in northern Taiwan, and from Nagasaki, more weapons, swords and cannons were bought by the Zheng. Koxinga's grandson Zheng Keshuang", "Zheng Yanfen Zheng Yanfen (; 8 February 1902 \u2013 21 June 1990) was a Chinese-born politician based in Taiwan. Zheng was born on 8 February 1902 in present-day Shunde, Guangdong. His father died when Zheng was six years old. At the age of nine, Zheng began attending a private school and at ten years old moved to a school in Beijiao. Zheng spent 1916 at school in Hong Kong, returning to Guangzhou the next year, and soon found work as a journalist. He was accepted into a normal school affiliated with National Guangdong University in 1918, and became active in student government, while also serving on the staff of several student publications. Influenced by professor Huang Xisheng, Zheng left the study of math and chemistry, to focus on education instead. Zheng's academic performance caught the attention of school president , who suggested that Zheng join the Kuomintang. Zheng became a member of the party in 1923. In January 1924, Sun Yat-sen held lectures on his political philosophy, the Three Principles of the People, at Zheng's school. Upon graduation, Zheng chose to further his studies in education in Japan. Upon his return, Zheng worked as a mathematics teacher and department director at National Guangdong University. In late 1925, Zheng arrived in France to study at the University of Lyon. By 1926, Zheng became leader of the French chapter of the Kuomintang. From his base in Lyon, he oversaw party operations in several western European countries. In 1927, Zheng transferred to the University of Paris. The next year, he returned to China, attending the Third Kuomintang National Congress in Nanjing. Zheng then became the European bureau chief for the \"Central Daily News\". Zheng formally declared his support of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government in 1930 and began work at the League of Nations."], "answer": {"text": "China.", "answer_start": 72}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zheng-He born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6dc8697fb264452b128e2c371eed9d3_1_q#2", "question": "What was his first job?", "rewrite": "What was Zheng He's first job?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Tokugawa Bakufu let wandering Japanese fighters join the Zheng to let off steam and avoid them plaguing Japan, they were afraid that daimyo entering the war on the Zheng's side would give them power and at the same time they were worried about fighting face to face against Manchus and there was massive danger involved in engaging in a war on the continent and mobilizing Japan for total war. The anti-Dutch Vietnamese Nguyen lord agreed to trade with Zheng to gain money to fight against the Dutch and their rival Trinh Lords in Tonkin, who were allies of the Dutch. Zheng also traded with the Trinh Lords which helped squeeze the Dutch out. The Qing demanded that Zheng Jing adopt the queue and abandon his island bases in exchange for negotiations. Zheng Jing indicated that he wanted to build a new China upon Taiwan and the seas and leave the mainland to the Qing, it was said \"the Great Ming has settled among the waves . . . and administers a separate land from the Qing. \" by a Zheng merchant Chen De to Korean officials in 1667. They were given a feast by the Koreans. Zheng Tai defected to the Qing and started a dispute against Zheng Jing and Shichizaemon over the Nagasaki Chinese Interpreter's Office silver desposit of 3000,000 taels. During the revolt of the three feudatories, Zheng Jing launched a new offensive against the Qing and retook land in Fujian. Zheng Tai's relatives in Beijing re-defected to Zheng Jing's side and after Zheng Jing restarted his anti-Qing activities, the Tokugawa renewed trade and solved the silver dispute between Zheng Tai and Zheng Jing, handing over the silver to Zheng Jing. Japanese samurai joining the Zheng were hosted on one of Jilong's islands in northern Taiwan, and from Nagasaki, more weapons, swords and cannons were bought by the Zheng. Koxinga's grandson Zheng Keshuang", "Zheng Xiaocang Zheng Xiaocang (1892\u20131979; ), was a Chinese writer, translator, and educator. He is well known for his large publications about education in China. Zheng was a former acting president of Zhejiang University, and former president of Zhejiang Normal University. Zheng was born in September 1892 in Haining County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. In June 1912, Zheng graduated from Zhejiang Advanced College (current Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou. In June 1914, Zheng graduated from Tsinghua School (current Tsinghua University) in Beijing. Zheng went to the United States to continue his study. Zheng first studied at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison (BA) then at Columbia University. Zheng obtained MA (some sources indicate as PhD) from Columbia University. In 1918, Zheng returned to China. Zheng was a professor of education at Nanjing Normal University and Southeast University. Zheng served the Dean of the School of Education of National Central University (current Nanjing University in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) for ten years. From June 1928, Zheng taught at Zhejiang University. Zheng founded the department of education at Zhejiang University. Zheng was the head of the education department of Zhejiang University, then the Dean of School of Education. Zheng was also the head of Graduate School, the Provost, and the acting President of Zhejiang University (from February to April 1936). In 1952, the old Zhejiang University was split, and the new Hangzhou Normal College (\u676d\u5dde\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662; later promoted to Hangzhou University; and Hangzhou University was re-merged into Zhejiang University in 1998; this Hangzhou Normal School is totally different from current \"Hangzhou Normal University\") was established from the faculties and resources of Zhejiang University. Zheng was pointed professor of Hangzhou University and Zhejiang Normal College (current Zhejiang Normal University). In 1962, Zheng was appointed the president of Zhejiang Normal University.", "He implemented policies to pacify the people and the military. As a gesture of kindness, Zheng Jing spared his brother Zheng Xi but had the latter placed under house arrest in Xiamen. In 1679, Zheng Jing appointed his eldest son, Zheng Kezang, as \"Royal Supervisor\" and allowed him to administer some state affairs. Zheng Kezang married the daughter of the official Chen Yonghua (\u9673\u6c38\u83ef), who was Zheng Jing's tutor. Chen Yonghua helped Zheng Kezang in his duties. Zheng Kezang was strict and he punished members of the royal family according to the law when they committed crimes. He was hated by many royals and aristocrats, including Feng Xifan. Zheng Jing and Chen Yonghua died in 1680, after which Feng Xifan gathered his supporters to kill Zheng Kezang and install Zheng Jing's second son, Zheng Keshuang, on the throne. In 1683, when Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing dynasty, Feng Xifan was granted the noble title \"Count Zhongcheng\" (\u5fe0\u8aa0\u4f2f) by the Kangxi Emperor. Feng's daughter married Zheng Keshuang and bore Zheng a son, Zheng Anfu (\u912d\u5b89\u798f). Feng Xifan appears a minor antagonist in the novel \"The Deer and the Cauldron\" by Louis Cha. In the novel, he is depicted as a powerful swordsman from the Kunlun Sect and is nicknamed \"One Sword Thrust That Draws No Blood\" (\u4e00\u528d\u7121\u8840) for his skill in swordplay. He serves as Zheng Keshuang's martial arts teacher.", "The state of Zheng was one of the strongest at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. Zheng was the first Zhou state to annex another state, Xi, sometime between 684 and 680 BC. Throughout the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng was one of the wealthiest states, relying on its central location for inter-state commerce and having the largest number of merchants of any state. Zheng often used its wealth to bribe itself out of difficult situations. Duke Zhuang of Zheng (743\u2013701 BC) was arguably a forerunner of the Five Hegemons, though Zheng derived its dominance by dramatically different means compared to those of the later hegemons by defeating an alliance of feudal states led by Zhou itself and wounding King Huan of Zhou. When Duke Zhuang died there was a civil war between his sons and Zheng ceased to be a powerful state. By the later stages of the period, Zheng had no room to expand. Due to its central location, Zheng was hemmed in on all sides by larger states. During the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng frequently switched its diplomatic alliances. Zheng was the center of diplomatic contention between Chu and Qi, then later Chu and Jin. Although Zheng was forced to become a minor player in the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, it was still quite strong, defeating a combined alliance of Jin, Song, Chen and Wei in 607 BCE. Under the statesman Zichan, Zheng was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in 543 BCE. Zheng later declined until it was annexed by the state of Han in 375 BCE. The Zheng family of Xingyang \u8365\u9633\u90d1\u6c0f claim descent from the Zhou dynasty kings through the rulers of the State of Zheng. The Marquis of Xingyang rank was created for Zheng Xi. The Xingyang Zheng descendants included Zheng Daozhao and Zheng Xi.", "Zheng Yanfen Zheng Yanfen (; 8 February 1902 \u2013 21 June 1990) was a Chinese-born politician based in Taiwan. Zheng was born on 8 February 1902 in present-day Shunde, Guangdong. His father died when Zheng was six years old. At the age of nine, Zheng began attending a private school and at ten years old moved to a school in Beijiao. Zheng spent 1916 at school in Hong Kong, returning to Guangzhou the next year, and soon found work as a journalist. He was accepted into a normal school affiliated with National Guangdong University in 1918, and became active in student government, while also serving on the staff of several student publications. Influenced by professor Huang Xisheng, Zheng left the study of math and chemistry, to focus on education instead. Zheng's academic performance caught the attention of school president , who suggested that Zheng join the Kuomintang. Zheng became a member of the party in 1923. In January 1924, Sun Yat-sen held lectures on his political philosophy, the Three Principles of the People, at Zheng's school. Upon graduation, Zheng chose to further his studies in education in Japan. Upon his return, Zheng worked as a mathematics teacher and department director at National Guangdong University. In late 1925, Zheng arrived in France to study at the University of Lyon. By 1926, Zheng became leader of the French chapter of the Kuomintang. From his base in Lyon, he oversaw party operations in several western European countries. In 1927, Zheng transferred to the University of Paris. The next year, he returned to China, attending the Third Kuomintang National Congress in Nanjing. Zheng then became the European bureau chief for the \"Central Daily News\". Zheng formally declared his support of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government in 1930 and began work at the League of Nations."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zheng-He born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "China.", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6dc8697fb264452b128e2c371eed9d3_1_q#3", "question": "Where was his parents from?", "rewrite": "Where were Zheng He's parents from?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Zheng Xiaocang Zheng Xiaocang (1892\u20131979; ), was a Chinese writer, translator, and educator. He is well known for his large publications about education in China. Zheng was a former acting president of Zhejiang University, and former president of Zhejiang Normal University. Zheng was born in September 1892 in Haining County, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. In June 1912, Zheng graduated from Zhejiang Advanced College (current Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou. In June 1914, Zheng graduated from Tsinghua School (current Tsinghua University) in Beijing. Zheng went to the United States to continue his study. Zheng first studied at the University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison (BA) then at Columbia University. Zheng obtained MA (some sources indicate as PhD) from Columbia University. In 1918, Zheng returned to China. Zheng was a professor of education at Nanjing Normal University and Southeast University. Zheng served the Dean of the School of Education of National Central University (current Nanjing University in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) for ten years. From June 1928, Zheng taught at Zhejiang University. Zheng founded the department of education at Zhejiang University. Zheng was the head of the education department of Zhejiang University, then the Dean of School of Education. Zheng was also the head of Graduate School, the Provost, and the acting President of Zhejiang University (from February to April 1936). In 1952, the old Zhejiang University was split, and the new Hangzhou Normal College (\u676d\u5dde\u5e08\u8303\u5b66\u9662; later promoted to Hangzhou University; and Hangzhou University was re-merged into Zhejiang University in 1998; this Hangzhou Normal School is totally different from current \"Hangzhou Normal University\") was established from the faculties and resources of Zhejiang University. Zheng was pointed professor of Hangzhou University and Zhejiang Normal College (current Zhejiang Normal University). In 1962, Zheng was appointed the president of Zhejiang Normal University.", "The state of Zheng was one of the strongest at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. Zheng was the first Zhou state to annex another state, Xi, sometime between 684 and 680 BC. Throughout the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng was one of the wealthiest states, relying on its central location for inter-state commerce and having the largest number of merchants of any state. Zheng often used its wealth to bribe itself out of difficult situations. Duke Zhuang of Zheng (743\u2013701 BC) was arguably a forerunner of the Five Hegemons, though Zheng derived its dominance by dramatically different means compared to those of the later hegemons by defeating an alliance of feudal states led by Zhou itself and wounding King Huan of Zhou. When Duke Zhuang died there was a civil war between his sons and Zheng ceased to be a powerful state. By the later stages of the period, Zheng had no room to expand. Due to its central location, Zheng was hemmed in on all sides by larger states. During the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng frequently switched its diplomatic alliances. Zheng was the center of diplomatic contention between Chu and Qi, then later Chu and Jin. Although Zheng was forced to become a minor player in the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, it was still quite strong, defeating a combined alliance of Jin, Song, Chen and Wei in 607 BCE. Under the statesman Zichan, Zheng was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in 543 BCE. Zheng later declined until it was annexed by the state of Han in 375 BCE. The Zheng family of Xingyang \u8365\u9633\u90d1\u6c0f claim descent from the Zhou dynasty kings through the rulers of the State of Zheng. The Marquis of Xingyang rank was created for Zheng Xi. The Xingyang Zheng descendants included Zheng Daozhao and Zheng Xi.", "The Tokugawa Bakufu let wandering Japanese fighters join the Zheng to let off steam and avoid them plaguing Japan, they were afraid that daimyo entering the war on the Zheng's side would give them power and at the same time they were worried about fighting face to face against Manchus and there was massive danger involved in engaging in a war on the continent and mobilizing Japan for total war. The anti-Dutch Vietnamese Nguyen lord agreed to trade with Zheng to gain money to fight against the Dutch and their rival Trinh Lords in Tonkin, who were allies of the Dutch. Zheng also traded with the Trinh Lords which helped squeeze the Dutch out. The Qing demanded that Zheng Jing adopt the queue and abandon his island bases in exchange for negotiations. Zheng Jing indicated that he wanted to build a new China upon Taiwan and the seas and leave the mainland to the Qing, it was said \"the Great Ming has settled among the waves . . . and administers a separate land from the Qing. \" by a Zheng merchant Chen De to Korean officials in 1667. They were given a feast by the Koreans. Zheng Tai defected to the Qing and started a dispute against Zheng Jing and Shichizaemon over the Nagasaki Chinese Interpreter's Office silver desposit of 3000,000 taels. During the revolt of the three feudatories, Zheng Jing launched a new offensive against the Qing and retook land in Fujian. Zheng Tai's relatives in Beijing re-defected to Zheng Jing's side and after Zheng Jing restarted his anti-Qing activities, the Tokugawa renewed trade and solved the silver dispute between Zheng Tai and Zheng Jing, handing over the silver to Zheng Jing. Japanese samurai joining the Zheng were hosted on one of Jilong's islands in northern Taiwan, and from Nagasaki, more weapons, swords and cannons were bought by the Zheng. Koxinga's grandson Zheng Keshuang", "He implemented policies to pacify the people and the military. As a gesture of kindness, Zheng Jing spared his brother Zheng Xi but had the latter placed under house arrest in Xiamen. In 1679, Zheng Jing appointed his eldest son, Zheng Kezang, as \"Royal Supervisor\" and allowed him to administer some state affairs. Zheng Kezang married the daughter of the official Chen Yonghua (\u9673\u6c38\u83ef), who was Zheng Jing's tutor. Chen Yonghua helped Zheng Kezang in his duties. Zheng Kezang was strict and he punished members of the royal family according to the law when they committed crimes. He was hated by many royals and aristocrats, including Feng Xifan. Zheng Jing and Chen Yonghua died in 1680, after which Feng Xifan gathered his supporters to kill Zheng Kezang and install Zheng Jing's second son, Zheng Keshuang, on the throne. In 1683, when Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing dynasty, Feng Xifan was granted the noble title \"Count Zhongcheng\" (\u5fe0\u8aa0\u4f2f) by the Kangxi Emperor. Feng's daughter married Zheng Keshuang and bore Zheng a son, Zheng Anfu (\u912d\u5b89\u798f). Feng Xifan appears a minor antagonist in the novel \"The Deer and the Cauldron\" by Louis Cha. In the novel, he is depicted as a powerful swordsman from the Kunlun Sect and is nicknamed \"One Sword Thrust That Draws No Blood\" (\u4e00\u528d\u7121\u8840) for his skill in swordplay. He serves as Zheng Keshuang's martial arts teacher.", "Zheng Yanfen Zheng Yanfen (; 8 February 1902 \u2013 21 June 1990) was a Chinese-born politician based in Taiwan. Zheng was born on 8 February 1902 in present-day Shunde, Guangdong. His father died when Zheng was six years old. At the age of nine, Zheng began attending a private school and at ten years old moved to a school in Beijiao. Zheng spent 1916 at school in Hong Kong, returning to Guangzhou the next year, and soon found work as a journalist. He was accepted into a normal school affiliated with National Guangdong University in 1918, and became active in student government, while also serving on the staff of several student publications. Influenced by professor Huang Xisheng, Zheng left the study of math and chemistry, to focus on education instead. Zheng's academic performance caught the attention of school president , who suggested that Zheng join the Kuomintang. Zheng became a member of the party in 1923. In January 1924, Sun Yat-sen held lectures on his political philosophy, the Three Principles of the People, at Zheng's school. Upon graduation, Zheng chose to further his studies in education in Japan. Upon his return, Zheng worked as a mathematics teacher and department director at National Guangdong University. In late 1925, Zheng arrived in France to study at the University of Lyon. By 1926, Zheng became leader of the French chapter of the Kuomintang. From his base in Lyon, he oversaw party operations in several western European countries. In 1927, Zheng transferred to the University of Paris. The next year, he returned to China, attending the Third Kuomintang National Congress in Nanjing. Zheng then became the European bureau chief for the \"Central Daily News\". Zheng formally declared his support of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government in 1930 and began work at the League of Nations."], "answer": {"text": "Zheng He was born Ma He to a Muslim family of Kunyang, Kunming, Yunnan, China.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zheng-He born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "China.", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first job?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b6dc8697fb264452b128e2c371eed9d3_1_q#4", "question": "Was he close to his family?", "rewrite": "Was Zheng-He close to his family?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Zheng Tian Zheng Tian (, 821?/825?\u2013883?), courtesy name Taiwen (\u81fa\u6587), formally Duke Wenzhao of Xingyang (\u6ece\u967d\u6587\u662d\u516c), was a chancellor of late Tang Dynasty, serving two terms as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xizong. He was heavily involved in the Tang campaign against the agrarian rebel Huang Chao and Huang Chao's state of Qi. Assuming that Zheng Tian died in 883, he might have been born in either 821 or 825. His family was originally from Xingyang (\u6ece\u967d, in modern Zhengzhou, Henan), but his traceable ancestry only went as far back as his great-grandfather Zheng Shaolin (\u912d\u5c11\u9130), who served as a civil service official under the prefect of Zheng Prefecture (\u912d\u5dde, in modern Zhengzhou). Zheng Shaolin, as well as Zheng Tian's grandfather Zheng Mu (\u912d\u7a46) and Zheng Tian's father Zheng Ya (\u912d\u4e9e), all passed the imperial examinations in the \"Jinshi\" class, and while Zheng Mu served only as a county magistrate, Zheng Ya became well known for his abilities, and he became a close associate of the chancellor Li Deyu, who was particularly powerful during the reign of Emperor Wuzong, eventually serving as a high level imperial consultant. Other than Zheng Tian, Zheng Ya had at least two younger sons, Zheng Jun (\u912d\u756f) and Zheng Pi (\u912d\u6bd7). Zheng Tian himself passed the imperial examinations in the \"Jinshi\" class when he was 17, and thereafter served as a staff member under the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Xuanwu Circuit (\u5ba3\u6b66, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan).", "He implemented policies to pacify the people and the military. As a gesture of kindness, Zheng Jing spared his brother Zheng Xi but had the latter placed under house arrest in Xiamen. In 1679, Zheng Jing appointed his eldest son, Zheng Kezang, as \"Royal Supervisor\" and allowed him to administer some state affairs. Zheng Kezang married the daughter of the official Chen Yonghua (\u9673\u6c38\u83ef), who was Zheng Jing's tutor. Chen Yonghua helped Zheng Kezang in his duties. Zheng Kezang was strict and he punished members of the royal family according to the law when they committed crimes. He was hated by many royals and aristocrats, including Feng Xifan. Zheng Jing and Chen Yonghua died in 1680, after which Feng Xifan gathered his supporters to kill Zheng Kezang and install Zheng Jing's second son, Zheng Keshuang, on the throne. In 1683, when Zheng Keshuang surrendered to the Qing dynasty, Feng Xifan was granted the noble title \"Count Zhongcheng\" (\u5fe0\u8aa0\u4f2f) by the Kangxi Emperor. Feng's daughter married Zheng Keshuang and bore Zheng a son, Zheng Anfu (\u912d\u5b89\u798f). Feng Xifan appears a minor antagonist in the novel \"The Deer and the Cauldron\" by Louis Cha. In the novel, he is depicted as a powerful swordsman from the Kunlun Sect and is nicknamed \"One Sword Thrust That Draws No Blood\" (\u4e00\u528d\u7121\u8840) for his skill in swordplay. He serves as Zheng Keshuang's martial arts teacher.", "The Tokugawa Bakufu let wandering Japanese fighters join the Zheng to let off steam and avoid them plaguing Japan, they were afraid that daimyo entering the war on the Zheng's side would give them power and at the same time they were worried about fighting face to face against Manchus and there was massive danger involved in engaging in a war on the continent and mobilizing Japan for total war. The anti-Dutch Vietnamese Nguyen lord agreed to trade with Zheng to gain money to fight against the Dutch and their rival Trinh Lords in Tonkin, who were allies of the Dutch. Zheng also traded with the Trinh Lords which helped squeeze the Dutch out. The Qing demanded that Zheng Jing adopt the queue and abandon his island bases in exchange for negotiations. Zheng Jing indicated that he wanted to build a new China upon Taiwan and the seas and leave the mainland to the Qing, it was said \"the Great Ming has settled among the waves . . . and administers a separate land from the Qing. \" by a Zheng merchant Chen De to Korean officials in 1667. They were given a feast by the Koreans. Zheng Tai defected to the Qing and started a dispute against Zheng Jing and Shichizaemon over the Nagasaki Chinese Interpreter's Office silver desposit of 3000,000 taels. During the revolt of the three feudatories, Zheng Jing launched a new offensive against the Qing and retook land in Fujian. Zheng Tai's relatives in Beijing re-defected to Zheng Jing's side and after Zheng Jing restarted his anti-Qing activities, the Tokugawa renewed trade and solved the silver dispute between Zheng Tai and Zheng Jing, handing over the silver to Zheng Jing. Japanese samurai joining the Zheng were hosted on one of Jilong's islands in northern Taiwan, and from Nagasaki, more weapons, swords and cannons were bought by the Zheng. Koxinga's grandson Zheng Keshuang", "The state of Zheng was one of the strongest at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. Zheng was the first Zhou state to annex another state, Xi, sometime between 684 and 680 BC. Throughout the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng was one of the wealthiest states, relying on its central location for inter-state commerce and having the largest number of merchants of any state. Zheng often used its wealth to bribe itself out of difficult situations. Duke Zhuang of Zheng (743\u2013701 BC) was arguably a forerunner of the Five Hegemons, though Zheng derived its dominance by dramatically different means compared to those of the later hegemons by defeating an alliance of feudal states led by Zhou itself and wounding King Huan of Zhou. When Duke Zhuang died there was a civil war between his sons and Zheng ceased to be a powerful state. By the later stages of the period, Zheng had no room to expand. Due to its central location, Zheng was hemmed in on all sides by larger states. During the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, Zheng frequently switched its diplomatic alliances. Zheng was the center of diplomatic contention between Chu and Qi, then later Chu and Jin. Although Zheng was forced to become a minor player in the later stages of the Spring and Autumn period, it was still quite strong, defeating a combined alliance of Jin, Song, Chen and Wei in 607 BCE. Under the statesman Zichan, Zheng was the first state to clearly establish a code of law in 543 BCE. Zheng later declined until it was annexed by the state of Han in 375 BCE. The Zheng family of Xingyang \u8365\u9633\u90d1\u6c0f claim descent from the Zhou dynasty kings through the rulers of the State of Zheng. The Marquis of Xingyang rank was created for Zheng Xi. The Xingyang Zheng descendants included Zheng Daozhao and Zheng Xi.", "Zheng Yanfen Zheng Yanfen (; 8 February 1902 \u2013 21 June 1990) was a Chinese-born politician based in Taiwan. Zheng was born on 8 February 1902 in present-day Shunde, Guangdong. His father died when Zheng was six years old. At the age of nine, Zheng began attending a private school and at ten years old moved to a school in Beijiao. Zheng spent 1916 at school in Hong Kong, returning to Guangzhou the next year, and soon found work as a journalist. He was accepted into a normal school affiliated with National Guangdong University in 1918, and became active in student government, while also serving on the staff of several student publications. Influenced by professor Huang Xisheng, Zheng left the study of math and chemistry, to focus on education instead. Zheng's academic performance caught the attention of school president , who suggested that Zheng join the Kuomintang. Zheng became a member of the party in 1923. In January 1924, Sun Yat-sen held lectures on his political philosophy, the Three Principles of the People, at Zheng's school. Upon graduation, Zheng chose to further his studies in education in Japan. Upon his return, Zheng worked as a mathematics teacher and department director at National Guangdong University. In late 1925, Zheng arrived in France to study at the University of Lyon. By 1926, Zheng became leader of the French chapter of the Kuomintang. From his base in Lyon, he oversaw party operations in several western European countries. In 1927, Zheng transferred to the University of Paris. The next year, he returned to China, attending the Third Kuomintang National Congress in Nanjing. Zheng then became the European bureau chief for the \"Central Daily News\". Zheng formally declared his support of Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government in 1930 and began work at the League of Nations."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When was Zheng-He born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he grow up?", "answer": {"text": "China.", "answer_start": 72, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his first job?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was his parents from?", "answer": {"text": "Zheng He was born Ma He to a Muslim family of Kunyang, Kunming, Yunnan, China.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f1abb26be8ed4c39a1353704f4438b94_1_q#0", "question": "How did the Feeder (band) members meet?", "rewrite": "How did the Feeder (band) members meet?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Feeder discography The discography of Feeder, a Cymro-Japanese rock band which formed in 1994, consists of ten studio albums, twelve compilation albums, four extended plays (EP), and forty singles on The Echo Label, their own label Big Teeth Music, Cooking Vinyl and BMG as well as forty-nine music videos. Alongside charting twelve Top 75 albums domestically, they also have 25 Top 75 singles. The band is one of the few artists to achieve UK top 10 albums in at least three different decades (1990s, 2000s and 2010s). An original incarnation of the band was formed in 1992 under the name of \"Reel\" by the remaining members Grant Nicholas, Jon Lee and Simon Blight of electroacoustic group Raindancer, after the departure of their guitarist John Canham, although Simon Blight departed in 1992 to make way for Taka Hirose in 1994, after the band had used many session bassists from 1992 to 1994. Feeder's lineup after signing with The Echo Label in the same year of their formation consisted of Grant Nicholas (guitar/vocals) Jon Lee (drums) and Taka Hirose (bass), while demos sent out to radio and venues to gain gigs still featured session bassists. In January 2002, Jon Lee died by suicide at home in Miami. Former Skunk Anansie drummer Mark Richardson began to record and play with the band before being made an official member. In May 2009 he left Feeder to reform Skunk Anansie. Since Richardson's departure, Feeder have variously employed drummers Karl Brazil, Damon Wilson, Tim Trotter, and Geoff Holroyde for recording and touring work. Feeder's music has been inspired by a wide variety of artists and styles, including The Police, Nirvana and Smashing Pumpkins.", "As the countdown was completed on 6 January 2010, the title-track for the EP, \"Renegades\" was released as a free download as well as a package containing the limited edition EP, Renegades shirt, badge set and an e-ticket for one of the six shows available. The \"Renegades EP\" was the first release on the band's own record label, before being followed-up by a second EP. Feeder also used the Renegades name for their Sonisphere 2010 appearance, which was their last show using this name and also their tour of Japan in July of the same year. The track \"Renegades\" was re-released, but this time as a Feeder single instead of Renegades and was also on vinyl and download only. Feeder's touring members Dean Tidey and Dean Deavall didn't feature in this version of the band as the project had much focus on their 'three piece' aspects. When the band play as Feeder, Dean Deavall joins in with his usual keyboard playing duties. Dean Tidey has not appeared with Feeder since Sonisphere 2009 and no announcement has been made on his next appearance with the band. The band played a series of 10 new songs during their first tour, with 13 in total. Three of these were Feeder 'covers', these were \"Tangerine\", \"Sweet 16\" and \"Descend\". Grant Nicholas told XFM that 25 songs have been recorded. On their second tour the Feeder 'covers' were \"Women in Towels\", \"Shade\", \"Tangerine\", \"Sweet 16\", \"Lost and Found\", \"Descend\" and \"Godzilla\". For one date the band performed a cover of the Nirvana track \"Breed\", which they have performed in the past as Feeder. \" World Asleep\" was on setlists for the second tour, but was never performed.", "Bekasi-Kampung Rambutan Terminal TransJakarta Feeder< br> The feeder will be integrated with TransJakarta Corridor 7. (APTB 03) Poris Plawad\u2013 Tomang TransJakarta Feeder< br> On June 20, 2012, Poris Plawad\u2013Tomang (East Tangerang) TransJakarta Feeder began serving from Poris Plawad Tangerang Bus Station to Kali Deres Bus Station vice versa. The bus runs every 10 minutes and after one month operation the passengers is still around 2 to 5 persons only. (APTB 04) Ciputat-Kota Bus Terminal TransJakarta Feeder< br> On October 4, 2012, South Tangerang TransJakarta Feeder began serving from Ciputat Bus Station to Kota Bus Terminal vice versa through: Ciputat - Pasar Jumat - Lebak Bulus - Metro Pondok Indah - Radio Dalam - Panglima Polim \u2013 Sisingamangaraja \u2013 Sudirman \u2013 Thamrin - Medan Merdeka Barat - Mangga Dua Raya  (APTB 05) Cibinong-Grogol Terminal TransJakarta Feeder<br> On December 7, 2012, Cibinong TransJakarta Feeder begun serve from Cibinong Bus Station to Grogol Terminal vice versa through:  (APTB 06) Bogor-Rawamangun Terminal TransJakarta Feeder<br> On March 6, 2013, Bogor TransJakarta Feeder begun serve from Bogor Bus Station to Rawamangun Terminal (APTB 06) vice versa and cross TransJakarta Corridor 4 (Pulo Gadung\u2013Dukuh Atas) and Corridor 9 (Pinang Ranti\u2013Pluit). (APTB 07)", "Bekasi-Tanah Abang TransJakarta Feeder< br> On May 21, 2013, Bekasi\u2013Tanah Abang TransJakarta Feeder began serving from Bekasi Bus Station to Tanah Abang Bus Station vice versa through Juanda street, Joyomartono, Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road, Inner Ring Toll Road, Semanggi, Sudirman, Thamrin, Kebon Sirih, Fachrudin, Jati Baru and then turn at under Jati Baru Fly Over. (APTB 08) Bekasi-Bundaran HI TransJakarta Feeder< br> On May 21, 2013, Bekasi\u2013HI Circle (Bundaran HI) TransJakarta Feeder begun serve from Bekasi Bus Station to HI Circle vice versa through Juanda street, Joyomartono, Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road, Inner Ring Toll Road, Gatot Subroto, Semanggi, Sudirman and HI Circle. (APTB 09) Bogor-Blok M Terminal TransJakarta Feeder (APTB 10) Cileungsi- Blok M Terminal TransJakarta Feeder (APTB 11) Bogor -Tanah Abang TransJakarta Feeder (APTB 12) Bogor-Tanjung Priok TransJakarta Feeder (APTB 13) Poris Plawad\u2013 Pulogadung TransJakarta Feeder< br> On December 27, 2013, Poris Plawad\u2013Pulogadung (East Tangerang) TransJakarta Feeder began serving as replacement of Patas AC 115. (APTB 14) Cikarang-Kalideres Terminal TransJakarta Feeder<br>", "Renegades (band) Renegades were a British rock band which started out as a side-project from two members of the band Feeder, featuring guitarist Grant Nicholas and bassist Taka Hirose, before becoming a pseudonym name for Feeder themselves. Nicholas formed Renegades alongside Hirose with Karl Brazil from Ben's Brother, who completed the group and a four-track EP was then recorded. Soon later, Renegades became an alternative name for Feeder at various concerts where they would play an entire show pretending not to be Feeder, but a different band with the same members. If Feeder songs released before the \"Renegades\" album were to be played, the band would announce that they're covering Feeder songs. Grant Nicholas once introduced \"Tangerine\" as \"A cover of a song from a band we know\". The idea was created when Feeder parted company with drummer Mark Richardson who returned to his previous band Skunk Anansie. Brazil was initially contracted with the band to assist them on their June dates playing various university events, before then playing the UK leg of the Sonisphere Festival. He was however recording with the band alongside Mexicolas drummer Tim Trotter, before the idea came about to use a selection of the tracks for the 'Renegades' project. The tracks originally intended for the side-project were soon used for the seventh Feeder album \"Renegades\". The side-project was as a result used as a method to promote the \"Renegades\" album at live shows where they would mainly play the new songs, thus avoiding having to play any of their hits if they played as Feeder. On the first of January 2010, a four-day countdown timer was added to the band's official website."], "answer": {"text": "While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends.", "answer_start": 304}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f1abb26be8ed4c39a1353704f4438b94_1_q#1", "question": "Were there any other members?", "rewrite": "Besides Grant and Jon, were there any other members in the Feeder (band)?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Feeder discography The discography of Feeder, a Cymro-Japanese rock band which formed in 1994, consists of ten studio albums, twelve compilation albums, four extended plays (EP), and forty singles on The Echo Label, their own label Big Teeth Music, Cooking Vinyl and BMG as well as forty-nine music videos. Alongside charting twelve Top 75 albums domestically, they also have 25 Top 75 singles. The band is one of the few artists to achieve UK top 10 albums in at least three different decades (1990s, 2000s and 2010s). An original incarnation of the band was formed in 1992 under the name of \"Reel\" by the remaining members Grant Nicholas, Jon Lee and Simon Blight of electroacoustic group Raindancer, after the departure of their guitarist John Canham, although Simon Blight departed in 1992 to make way for Taka Hirose in 1994, after the band had used many session bassists from 1992 to 1994. Feeder's lineup after signing with The Echo Label in the same year of their formation consisted of Grant Nicholas (guitar/vocals) Jon Lee (drums) and Taka Hirose (bass), while demos sent out to radio and venues to gain gigs still featured session bassists. In January 2002, Jon Lee died by suicide at home in Miami. Former Skunk Anansie drummer Mark Richardson began to record and play with the band before being made an official member. In May 2009 he left Feeder to reform Skunk Anansie. Since Richardson's departure, Feeder have variously employed drummers Karl Brazil, Damon Wilson, Tim Trotter, and Geoff Holroyde for recording and touring work. Feeder's music has been inspired by a wide variety of artists and styles, including The Police, Nirvana and Smashing Pumpkins.", "Seward repeatedly warned that any recognition of the Confederacy was tantamount to a declaration of war. The British textile industry depended on cotton from the South, but it had stocks to keep the mills operating for a year and in any case, the industrialists and workers carried little weight in British politics. Knowing a war would cut off vital shipments of American food, wreak havoc on the British merchant fleet, and cause the immediate loss of Canada, Britain and its powerful Royal Navy refused to join France. Historians emphasize that Union diplomacy proved generally effective, with expert diplomats handling numerous crises. British leaders had some sympathy for the Confederacy, but were never willing to risk war with the Union. France was even more sympathetic to the Confederacy, but it was threatened by Prussia and would not make a move without full British cooperation. Confederate diplomats were inept, or as one historian put it, \"Poorly chosen diplomats produce poor diplomacy. \" Other countries played a minor role. Russia made a show of support of the Union, but its importance has often been exaggerated. Andrew Johnson took office in 1865 after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated during the closing days of the Civil War. On taking office, Johnson promised to continue the policies of his predecessor, and he initially kept Lincoln's cabinet in place. Secretary of State William Seward became one of the most influential members of Johnson's Cabinet, and Johnson allowed Seward to pursue an expansionary foreign policy. Republican Ulysses S. Grant succeeded Johnson following his victory in the 1868 presidential election. Besides Grant himself, the main players in foreign affairs were Secretary of State Hamilton Fish and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Charles Sumner. Rutherford Hayes succeeded Grant following his victory in the extremely close and controversial presidential election of 1876. In choosing the members of his cabinet, Hayes spurned Radical Republicans in favor of moderates, and also disregarded anyone whom he considered a potential presidential contender.", "The first two years of the Grant administration with George Boutwell at the Treasury helm expenditures had been reduced to $292 million in 1871 \u2013 down from $322 million in 1869. The cost of collecting taxes fell to 3.11% in 1871. Grant reduced the number of employees working in the government by 2,248 persons from 6,052 on March 1, 1869, to 3,804 on December 1, 1871. He had increased tax revenues by $108 million from 1869 to 1872. During his first administration the national debt fell from $2.5 billion to $2.2 billion. In a rare case of preemptive reform during the Grant Administration, Brevet Major General Alfred Pleasonton was dismissed for being unqualified to hold the position of Commissioner of Internal Revenue. In 1870, Pleasonton, a Grant appointment, approved an unauthorized $60,000 tax refund and was associated with an alleged unscrupulous Connecticut firm. Treasury Secretary George Boutwell promptly stopped the refund and personally informed Grant that Pleasonton was incompetent to hold office. Refusing to resign on Boutwell's request, Pleasonton protested openly before Congress. Grant removed Pleasonton before any potential scandal broke out. Grant was a man of peace, and almost wholly devoted to domestic affairs. There were no foreign-policy disasters, and no wars to engage in. Besides Grant himself, the main players in foreign affairs were Secretary of State Hamilton Fish and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Charles Sumner. They had to cooperate to get a treaty ratified. When Sumner stopped Grant's plan to annex Santo Domingo, Grant had his vengeance by systematically destroying Sumner's power and ending his career. historians have a high regard for the professionalism, independence, and good judgment of Hamilton Fish. The main issues involved Britain, Canada, Santo Domingo, Cuba and Spain.", "On November 3, 1875, Grant held a meeting at the White House and, under advice from Sheridan, Grant agreed not to enforce keeping out miners from the Black Hills, and to force \"hostile\" Native Americans onto the Sioux reservation. During the Great Sioux War that started after Sitting Bull refused to relocate to agency land, warriors led by Crazy Horse killed George Armstrong Custer and his men at the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Grant castigated Custer in the press, saying \"I regard Custer's massacre as a sacrifice of troops, brought on by Custer himself, that was wholly unnecessary \u2013 wholly unnecessary. \" In September and October 1876, Grant convinced the tribes to relinquish the Black Hills. Congress ratified the agreement three days before Grant left office in 1877. Grant was a man of peace, and almost wholly devoted to domestic affairs. There were no foreign-policy disasters, and no wars to engage in. Besides Grant himself, the main players in foreign affairs were Secretary of State Hamilton Fish and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Charles Sumner. They had to cooperate to get a treaty ratified. When Sumner stopped Grant's plan to annex Santo Domingo, Grant had his vengeance by systematically destroying Sumner's power and ending his career. Historians have a high regard for the professionalism, independence, and good judgment of Hamilton Fish. The main issues involved Britain, Canada, Santo Domingo, Cuba and Spain. Worldwide, it was peaceful era, with no major wars directly affecting the United States. The most pressing diplomatic problem in 1869 was the settlement of the \"Alabama\" claims, depredations caused to the Union by the Confederate warship , built in a British shipyard in violation of neutrality rules. Secretary Hamilton Fish played the central role in formulating and implementing the Treaty of Washington (1871) and the Geneva arbitration (1872).", "Come Back Around \"Come Back Around\" is the first single released from Welsh rock band Feeder's 2002 album \"Comfort in Sound\". It was their first release after drummer Jon Lee's death earlier in the year and reached number 14 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming the band's 10th top 40 hit in the process. It also reached number 45 in Ireland. The promo video features four female drummers as a tribute to Jon Lee. Feeder also have a B-Side with the same name which was released two years later on their B-Sides album \"Picture Of Perfect Youth\", in 2004. With \"Come Back Around\" being Feeder's first single after Jon's death, the band wanted to make it a tribute to him. Frontman Grant Nicholas knew that Jon would like the idea of a series of women playing drums together, and so a group of female drummers appeared in the video, all playing at the same time with Grant Nicholas and Taka Hirose both in their usual band roles, facing towards the drummers. To keep the video low-key, it was also filmed in black and white. Effects in the video include Grant playing his guitar in a windmill motion for a few seconds, and Taka jumping off an equipment box with the landing done in slow motion. Jon often complained that there were no girls in their videos. The drumming was shot in slow motion in order to make it almost perfect with each of the four drummers. The video visually shows the message that no matter how many drummers they had, and no matter how each beat was hit in time, they would never be the same as Jon. A screen-grab from the video, showing Grant jumping in the air, appears as the cover for the later-released Singles compilation album. \"Come Back Around\" charted at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart and number 45 on the Irish Singles Chart."], "answer": {"text": "Simon Blight", "answer_start": 1054}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Feeder (band) members meet?", "answer": {"text": "While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends.", "answer_start": 304, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f1abb26be8ed4c39a1353704f4438b94_1_q#2", "question": "How did they meet Simon?", "rewrite": "How did Grant and Jon, members of the Feeder (band), meet Simon Blight?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Feeder discography The discography of Feeder, a Cymro-Japanese rock band which formed in 1994, consists of ten studio albums, twelve compilation albums, four extended plays (EP), and forty singles on The Echo Label, their own label Big Teeth Music, Cooking Vinyl and BMG as well as forty-nine music videos. Alongside charting twelve Top 75 albums domestically, they also have 25 Top 75 singles. The band is one of the few artists to achieve UK top 10 albums in at least three different decades (1990s, 2000s and 2010s). An original incarnation of the band was formed in 1992 under the name of \"Reel\" by the remaining members Grant Nicholas, Jon Lee and Simon Blight of electroacoustic group Raindancer, after the departure of their guitarist John Canham, although Simon Blight departed in 1992 to make way for Taka Hirose in 1994, after the band had used many session bassists from 1992 to 1994. Feeder's lineup after signing with The Echo Label in the same year of their formation consisted of Grant Nicholas (guitar/vocals) Jon Lee (drums) and Taka Hirose (bass), while demos sent out to radio and venues to gain gigs still featured session bassists. In January 2002, Jon Lee died by suicide at home in Miami. Former Skunk Anansie drummer Mark Richardson began to record and play with the band before being made an official member. In May 2009 he left Feeder to reform Skunk Anansie. Since Richardson's departure, Feeder have variously employed drummers Karl Brazil, Damon Wilson, Tim Trotter, and Geoff Holroyde for recording and touring work. Feeder's music has been inspired by a wide variety of artists and styles, including The Police, Nirvana and Smashing Pumpkins.", "Jon Lee (drummer) Jonathan Henry \"Jon\" Lee (28 March 1968 \u2013 7 January 2002) was a Welsh drummer. He was the original drummer of the British rock band Feeder. He committed suicide in 2002. Feeder were formed whilst Grant Nicholas was a producer, before moving to London to gain more experience. He had already met Lee in Newport who moved to London afterwards. They formed a band named Raindancer, who despite winning a TV slot on ITV Central never gained a record deal. Shortly before this, Jon was a member of Newport band The Darling Buds, although only appearing on a couple of b-sides of the \"Sure Thing\" single. Raindancer's split saw bassist John Canham part ways with the band, before Simon Blight followed soon after when they reformed as Hum, which was changed to Reel, before then changing their name once again to Real when Taka Hirose took over bass duties in 1995. The band signed to The Echo Label in November 1994 before changing their name to Feeder, with their debut single proper \"Stereoworld\" reaching number 128 in the UK charts in October 1996, while the second single \"Tangerine\" reached number 60. The first full-length album, \"Polythene\", was released in May 1997. Produced by Chris Sheldon, it charted at number 65 in the UK and was certified Silver for sales over 60,000 copies in 2003 when the band had already broken through. Metal Hammer magazine included it in its Top 20 Albums of 1997 list at number 1. It would later in mid 2017, upgrade to Gold status for 100,000 units. The follow-up album, \"Yesterday Went Too Soon\", was produced by Nicholas. Released in August 1999, the album was a much quicker commercial success than its predecessor (entering the UK album chart at number 8 and certified Silver in 2001, with this being upgraded to Gold in 2003).", "Meet Simon Cherry Meet Simon Cherry is a 1949 British mystery film directed by Godfrey Grayson, and an adaptation of the popular BBC radio series \"Meet the Rev.\", featuring the crime solving cleric. When the Rev. Simon Cherry (Hugh Moxey) sets off for a much needed holiday, his car breaks down and he is forced to stay overnight in a manor house belonging to Lady Harling (Courtney Hope). The following morning, the body of Lady Harling's invalid daughter (Jeanette Tregarthen) is discovered, apparently murdered, and the Rev. Simon Cherry must bring his crime solving skills to the case. The \"Radio Times\" gave the film one out of five stars, regretting its \"feeble story\"; \"Sky Movies\" gave the film two out of five stars, noting a \"a brisk, no-nonsense film version of one of Gale Pedrick's popular stories\"; and \"TV Guide\" rated it similarly, calling it, \"competent enough.\"", "At the age of 14, singer and guitarist Grant Nicholas joined a band called 'Sweet Leaf', named after a song by Black Sabbath, who were the first band he had seen play live. At this time Japanese bassist Taka Hirose and drummer Jon Lee were playing in different covers bands, but did not know each other. While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends. They formed an electronic duo called 'Temper Temper' after Jon left Newport band The Darling Buds. Shortly thereafter, they formed a band called Raindancer. Both of these bands failed to win a recording contract, with the sound of the latter once being compared by Grant with that of The Waterboys. On 20 June 1991, Raindancer were invited to appear on Stage One, a late night television show on ITV Central, showcasing up and coming bands. The gig was filmed at The Town and Country Club, London without an audience present. Going back to the drawing board, Raindancer reformed as three-piece band called 'Reel' after John Canham departed. Their bass player Simon Blight later departed from the band and the music business, before changing their name to 'Real'. During this time in 1994 they recruited Taka Hirose via an advert in Loot, which Taka placed himself. The band then changed their name to Feeder, named after Grant's pet goldfish. They won their recording contract with Echo after sending a demo tape, and then completed the deal after an employee from the label witnessed one of the band's gigs. A track called \"Don't Bring Me Down\", which featured on the demo appeared as a b-side on the \"Day In Day Out\" single, albeit a different version to the demo recording. After signing with The Echo Label in 1994, the group toured with Scarborough band B.l.o.w.", "In 2001 Nicholas also had success with the re-recording of \"You Don't See The Signs\", a collaboration with producer/rapper duo Mark B and Blade, who had released the original version as their first single. The new version, subtitled the \"Grant Nicholas Remix\", reached No. 23 in the United Kingdom. The band were formed whilst Nicholas was a producer, before moving to London to gain more experience. He had already met Jon Lee in Newport who moved down afterwards. They formed a band named Raindancer, who despite winning a TV slot never gained a record deal. This saw bassist John Canham part ways with the band, before Simon Blight followed soon after when they reformed as Hum, which was changed to Reel, before then changing their name once again to Real in 1994 with their final name of Feeder being decided on that same year. The band signed to The Echo Label in November of that year still under the name of Real, when this was changed to Feeder shortly afterwards, with Hirose taking over bass duties in 1995. A year later in 1996, their debut single proper \"Stereoworld\" reached number 128 in the UK charts during October 1996, while the second single \"Tangerine\" reached number 60. The first full-length album, \"Polythene\", was released in May 1997. Produced by Chris Sheldon, it charted at number 65 in the UK and was certified Silver for sales over 60,000 copies in 2003 when the band had already broken through (then upgraded to Gold status for 100,000 copies in 2017). Metal Hammer magazine included it in its Top 20 Albums of 1997 list at number 1. The follow-up album, \"Yesterday Went Too Soon\", was produced by Nicholas."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Feeder (band) members meet?", "answer": {"text": "While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends.", "answer_start": 304, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members?", "answer": {"text": "Simon Blight", "answer_start": 1054, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f1abb26be8ed4c39a1353704f4438b94_1_q#3", "question": "Were there any other members?", "rewrite": "Besides Grant, Jon and Simon Blight, were there any other members in the Feeder (band)?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Feeder discography The discography of Feeder, a Cymro-Japanese rock band which formed in 1994, consists of ten studio albums, twelve compilation albums, four extended plays (EP), and forty singles on The Echo Label, their own label Big Teeth Music, Cooking Vinyl and BMG as well as forty-nine music videos. Alongside charting twelve Top 75 albums domestically, they also have 25 Top 75 singles. The band is one of the few artists to achieve UK top 10 albums in at least three different decades (1990s, 2000s and 2010s). An original incarnation of the band was formed in 1992 under the name of \"Reel\" by the remaining members Grant Nicholas, Jon Lee and Simon Blight of electroacoustic group Raindancer, after the departure of their guitarist John Canham, although Simon Blight departed in 1992 to make way for Taka Hirose in 1994, after the band had used many session bassists from 1992 to 1994. Feeder's lineup after signing with The Echo Label in the same year of their formation consisted of Grant Nicholas (guitar/vocals) Jon Lee (drums) and Taka Hirose (bass), while demos sent out to radio and venues to gain gigs still featured session bassists. In January 2002, Jon Lee died by suicide at home in Miami. Former Skunk Anansie drummer Mark Richardson began to record and play with the band before being made an official member. In May 2009 he left Feeder to reform Skunk Anansie. Since Richardson's departure, Feeder have variously employed drummers Karl Brazil, Damon Wilson, Tim Trotter, and Geoff Holroyde for recording and touring work. Feeder's music has been inspired by a wide variety of artists and styles, including The Police, Nirvana and Smashing Pumpkins.", "The first two years of the Grant administration with George Boutwell at the Treasury helm expenditures had been reduced to $292 million in 1871 \u2013 down from $322 million in 1869. The cost of collecting taxes fell to 3.11% in 1871. Grant reduced the number of employees working in the government by 2,248 persons from 6,052 on March 1, 1869, to 3,804 on December 1, 1871. He had increased tax revenues by $108 million from 1869 to 1872. During his first administration the national debt fell from $2.5 billion to $2.2 billion. In a rare case of preemptive reform during the Grant Administration, Brevet Major General Alfred Pleasonton was dismissed for being unqualified to hold the position of Commissioner of Internal Revenue. In 1870, Pleasonton, a Grant appointment, approved an unauthorized $60,000 tax refund and was associated with an alleged unscrupulous Connecticut firm. Treasury Secretary George Boutwell promptly stopped the refund and personally informed Grant that Pleasonton was incompetent to hold office. Refusing to resign on Boutwell's request, Pleasonton protested openly before Congress. Grant removed Pleasonton before any potential scandal broke out. Grant was a man of peace, and almost wholly devoted to domestic affairs. There were no foreign-policy disasters, and no wars to engage in. Besides Grant himself, the main players in foreign affairs were Secretary of State Hamilton Fish and the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Charles Sumner. They had to cooperate to get a treaty ratified. When Sumner stopped Grant's plan to annex Santo Domingo, Grant had his vengeance by systematically destroying Sumner's power and ending his career. historians have a high regard for the professionalism, independence, and good judgment of Hamilton Fish. The main issues involved Britain, Canada, Santo Domingo, Cuba and Spain.", "At the age of 14, singer and guitarist Grant Nicholas joined a band called 'Sweet Leaf', named after a song by Black Sabbath, who were the first band he had seen play live. At this time Japanese bassist Taka Hirose and drummer Jon Lee were playing in different covers bands, but did not know each other. While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends. They formed an electronic duo called 'Temper Temper' after Jon left Newport band The Darling Buds. Shortly thereafter, they formed a band called Raindancer. Both of these bands failed to win a recording contract, with the sound of the latter once being compared by Grant with that of The Waterboys. On 20 June 1991, Raindancer were invited to appear on Stage One, a late night television show on ITV Central, showcasing up and coming bands. The gig was filmed at The Town and Country Club, London without an audience present. Going back to the drawing board, Raindancer reformed as three-piece band called 'Reel' after John Canham departed. Their bass player Simon Blight later departed from the band and the music business, before changing their name to 'Real'. During this time in 1994 they recruited Taka Hirose via an advert in Loot, which Taka placed himself. The band then changed their name to Feeder, named after Grant's pet goldfish. They won their recording contract with Echo after sending a demo tape, and then completed the deal after an employee from the label witnessed one of the band's gigs. A track called \"Don't Bring Me Down\", which featured on the demo appeared as a b-side on the \"Day In Day Out\" single, albeit a different version to the demo recording. After signing with The Echo Label in 1994, the group toured with Scarborough band B.l.o.w.", "In 2001 Nicholas also had success with the re-recording of \"You Don't See The Signs\", a collaboration with producer/rapper duo Mark B and Blade, who had released the original version as their first single. The new version, subtitled the \"Grant Nicholas Remix\", reached No. 23 in the United Kingdom. The band were formed whilst Nicholas was a producer, before moving to London to gain more experience. He had already met Jon Lee in Newport who moved down afterwards. They formed a band named Raindancer, who despite winning a TV slot never gained a record deal. This saw bassist John Canham part ways with the band, before Simon Blight followed soon after when they reformed as Hum, which was changed to Reel, before then changing their name once again to Real in 1994 with their final name of Feeder being decided on that same year. The band signed to The Echo Label in November of that year still under the name of Real, when this was changed to Feeder shortly afterwards, with Hirose taking over bass duties in 1995. A year later in 1996, their debut single proper \"Stereoworld\" reached number 128 in the UK charts during October 1996, while the second single \"Tangerine\" reached number 60. The first full-length album, \"Polythene\", was released in May 1997. Produced by Chris Sheldon, it charted at number 65 in the UK and was certified Silver for sales over 60,000 copies in 2003 when the band had already broken through (then upgraded to Gold status for 100,000 copies in 2017). Metal Hammer magazine included it in its Top 20 Albums of 1997 list at number 1. The follow-up album, \"Yesterday Went Too Soon\", was produced by Nicholas.", "Jon Lee (drummer) Jonathan Henry \"Jon\" Lee (28 March 1968 \u2013 7 January 2002) was a Welsh drummer. He was the original drummer of the British rock band Feeder. He committed suicide in 2002. Feeder were formed whilst Grant Nicholas was a producer, before moving to London to gain more experience. He had already met Lee in Newport who moved to London afterwards. They formed a band named Raindancer, who despite winning a TV slot on ITV Central never gained a record deal. Shortly before this, Jon was a member of Newport band The Darling Buds, although only appearing on a couple of b-sides of the \"Sure Thing\" single. Raindancer's split saw bassist John Canham part ways with the band, before Simon Blight followed soon after when they reformed as Hum, which was changed to Reel, before then changing their name once again to Real when Taka Hirose took over bass duties in 1995. The band signed to The Echo Label in November 1994 before changing their name to Feeder, with their debut single proper \"Stereoworld\" reaching number 128 in the UK charts in October 1996, while the second single \"Tangerine\" reached number 60. The first full-length album, \"Polythene\", was released in May 1997. Produced by Chris Sheldon, it charted at number 65 in the UK and was certified Silver for sales over 60,000 copies in 2003 when the band had already broken through. Metal Hammer magazine included it in its Top 20 Albums of 1997 list at number 1. It would later in mid 2017, upgrade to Gold status for 100,000 units. The follow-up album, \"Yesterday Went Too Soon\", was produced by Nicholas. Released in August 1999, the album was a much quicker commercial success than its predecessor (entering the UK album chart at number 8 and certified Silver in 2001, with this being upgraded to Gold in 2003)."], "answer": {"text": "they recruited Taka Hirose", "answer_start": 1183}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Feeder (band) members meet?", "answer": {"text": "While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends.", "answer_start": 304, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members?", "answer": {"text": "Simon Blight", "answer_start": 1054, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet Simon?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f1abb26be8ed4c39a1353704f4438b94_1_q#4", "question": "How did they meet the other members?", "rewrite": "How did the members of the Feeder (band), Grant, Jon and Simon Blight meet the other members?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Feeder discography The discography of Feeder, a Cymro-Japanese rock band which formed in 1994, consists of ten studio albums, twelve compilation albums, four extended plays (EP), and forty singles on The Echo Label, their own label Big Teeth Music, Cooking Vinyl and BMG as well as forty-nine music videos. Alongside charting twelve Top 75 albums domestically, they also have 25 Top 75 singles. The band is one of the few artists to achieve UK top 10 albums in at least three different decades (1990s, 2000s and 2010s). An original incarnation of the band was formed in 1992 under the name of \"Reel\" by the remaining members Grant Nicholas, Jon Lee and Simon Blight of electroacoustic group Raindancer, after the departure of their guitarist John Canham, although Simon Blight departed in 1992 to make way for Taka Hirose in 1994, after the band had used many session bassists from 1992 to 1994. Feeder's lineup after signing with The Echo Label in the same year of their formation consisted of Grant Nicholas (guitar/vocals) Jon Lee (drums) and Taka Hirose (bass), while demos sent out to radio and venues to gain gigs still featured session bassists. In January 2002, Jon Lee died by suicide at home in Miami. Former Skunk Anansie drummer Mark Richardson began to record and play with the band before being made an official member. In May 2009 he left Feeder to reform Skunk Anansie. Since Richardson's departure, Feeder have variously employed drummers Karl Brazil, Damon Wilson, Tim Trotter, and Geoff Holroyde for recording and touring work. Feeder's music has been inspired by a wide variety of artists and styles, including The Police, Nirvana and Smashing Pumpkins.", "In 2001 Nicholas also had success with the re-recording of \"You Don't See The Signs\", a collaboration with producer/rapper duo Mark B and Blade, who had released the original version as their first single. The new version, subtitled the \"Grant Nicholas Remix\", reached No. 23 in the United Kingdom. The band were formed whilst Nicholas was a producer, before moving to London to gain more experience. He had already met Jon Lee in Newport who moved down afterwards. They formed a band named Raindancer, who despite winning a TV slot never gained a record deal. This saw bassist John Canham part ways with the band, before Simon Blight followed soon after when they reformed as Hum, which was changed to Reel, before then changing their name once again to Real in 1994 with their final name of Feeder being decided on that same year. The band signed to The Echo Label in November of that year still under the name of Real, when this was changed to Feeder shortly afterwards, with Hirose taking over bass duties in 1995. A year later in 1996, their debut single proper \"Stereoworld\" reached number 128 in the UK charts during October 1996, while the second single \"Tangerine\" reached number 60. The first full-length album, \"Polythene\", was released in May 1997. Produced by Chris Sheldon, it charted at number 65 in the UK and was certified Silver for sales over 60,000 copies in 2003 when the band had already broken through (then upgraded to Gold status for 100,000 copies in 2017). Metal Hammer magazine included it in its Top 20 Albums of 1997 list at number 1. The follow-up album, \"Yesterday Went Too Soon\", was produced by Nicholas.", "At the age of 14, singer and guitarist Grant Nicholas joined a band called 'Sweet Leaf', named after a song by Black Sabbath, who were the first band he had seen play live. At this time Japanese bassist Taka Hirose and drummer Jon Lee were playing in different covers bands, but did not know each other. While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends. They formed an electronic duo called 'Temper Temper' after Jon left Newport band The Darling Buds. Shortly thereafter, they formed a band called Raindancer. Both of these bands failed to win a recording contract, with the sound of the latter once being compared by Grant with that of The Waterboys. On 20 June 1991, Raindancer were invited to appear on Stage One, a late night television show on ITV Central, showcasing up and coming bands. The gig was filmed at The Town and Country Club, London without an audience present. Going back to the drawing board, Raindancer reformed as three-piece band called 'Reel' after John Canham departed. Their bass player Simon Blight later departed from the band and the music business, before changing their name to 'Real'. During this time in 1994 they recruited Taka Hirose via an advert in Loot, which Taka placed himself. The band then changed their name to Feeder, named after Grant's pet goldfish. They won their recording contract with Echo after sending a demo tape, and then completed the deal after an employee from the label witnessed one of the band's gigs. A track called \"Don't Bring Me Down\", which featured on the demo appeared as a b-side on the \"Day In Day Out\" single, albeit a different version to the demo recording. After signing with The Echo Label in 1994, the group toured with Scarborough band B.l.o.w.", "Dilpazier Aslam Dilpazier Aslam (born 1978 in Yorkshire) is a former trainee journalist with \"The Guardian\". He came to public attention in July 2005 when he lost his position with the newspaper after being named as a member of the Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir. \" The Guardian\" was alerted to Aslam's membership in the group by bloggers who read Aslam's 'Comment' op-ed article on the 7 July London bombings. Entitled \"We Rock the Boat,\" the 13 July article discussed the attitudes of young British Muslims and how their increasing anger over perceived injustices contrasted with their elders' silence. Before joining \"The Guardian\", Aslam had written three articles for Khilafah.com, a website closely associated with Hizb ut-Tahrir, and was once called its Middle Eastern correspondent. The newspaper stated that after publication of \"We Rock the Boat,\" it found an article on Khalifah.com, that appeared to be an \"incitement of violence against Jews.\" Aslam told Alan Rusbridger, \"The Guardian's\" editor, that he personally rejected anti-Semitism, would not leave Hizb ut-Tahrir, and did not consider Khilafah.com anti-Semitic. Rusbridger and other executives decided that membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir was not compatible with membership in the trainee scheme. Aslam studied journalism at Sheffield University with the help of a bursary from the \"Sheffield Star\". Previously he had been a journalistic trainee at the \"Matlock Mercury\" in 2004, and won the National Union of Journalists George Viner award for promising black journalists in 2003. Aslam wrote or co-wrote a number of news articles on the London bombings.", "Jon Lee (drummer) Jonathan Henry \"Jon\" Lee (28 March 1968 \u2013 7 January 2002) was a Welsh drummer. He was the original drummer of the British rock band Feeder. He committed suicide in 2002. Feeder were formed whilst Grant Nicholas was a producer, before moving to London to gain more experience. He had already met Lee in Newport who moved to London afterwards. They formed a band named Raindancer, who despite winning a TV slot on ITV Central never gained a record deal. Shortly before this, Jon was a member of Newport band The Darling Buds, although only appearing on a couple of b-sides of the \"Sure Thing\" single. Raindancer's split saw bassist John Canham part ways with the band, before Simon Blight followed soon after when they reformed as Hum, which was changed to Reel, before then changing their name once again to Real when Taka Hirose took over bass duties in 1995. The band signed to The Echo Label in November 1994 before changing their name to Feeder, with their debut single proper \"Stereoworld\" reaching number 128 in the UK charts in October 1996, while the second single \"Tangerine\" reached number 60. The first full-length album, \"Polythene\", was released in May 1997. Produced by Chris Sheldon, it charted at number 65 in the UK and was certified Silver for sales over 60,000 copies in 2003 when the band had already broken through. Metal Hammer magazine included it in its Top 20 Albums of 1997 list at number 1. It would later in mid 2017, upgrade to Gold status for 100,000 units. The follow-up album, \"Yesterday Went Too Soon\", was produced by Nicholas. Released in August 1999, the album was a much quicker commercial success than its predecessor (entering the UK album chart at number 8 and certified Silver in 2001, with this being upgraded to Gold in 2003)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did the Feeder (band) members meet?", "answer": {"text": "While playing in different bands on the Newport gig circuit, Grant and Jon became friends.", "answer_start": 304, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members?", "answer": {"text": "Simon Blight", "answer_start": 1054, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did they meet Simon?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were there any other members?", "answer": {"text": "they recruited Taka Hirose", "answer_start": 1183, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#0", "question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "rewrite": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Originally at the start of the 1969 season, it looked as if there would be little chance that Hague would get playing time behind then-first baseman Orlando Cepeda. During spring training, however, the Cardinal traded Cepeda for catcher Joe Torre and it was noted that Hague might get more playing time in the majors. Hague made the Cardinals' 25-man roster out of spring training. In his first eight games, Hague went hitless. Hague was sent down to the Triple-A Tulsa Oilers in June. With the Oilers, Hague batted .332 with 63 runs, 95 hits, 20 doubles, three triples, 16 home runs, and 53 RBIs in 84 games. Hague was a September call-up for the Cardinals late in the season along with five other players. In the majors that season, Hague batted .170 with eight runs, 17 hits, two doubles, one triple, two home runs, and eight RBIs in 40 games. Going into the 1970 season, the Cardinals' manager Red Schoendienst stated that he would give the starting first baseman job to Hague. It was also noted that Hague would get playing time in right field. Hague re-signed with the Cardinals in February 1970. In a Cardinals' 9\u20132 win over the New York Mets on May 29, Hague had four hits and drove in five runs. On the season, Hague batted .271 with 58 runs, 122 hits, 16 doubles, four triples, 14 home runs, 68 RBIs, and two stolen bases in 139 games. On the defensive side, Hague played 82 games at first base where he committed four errors in 724 chances, and 52 games in the outfield where he committed one error in 81 chances. Hague was third on the Cardinals in home runs, and walks (63).", "List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.", "For his season-long achievements, LaPointe was named to \"The Sporting News\"' All-Rookie Team. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Phillies acquired first baseman Dick Sisler from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for LaPointe; the trade included cash sent to St. Louis believed to be $20,000\u2013$30,000 ($\u2013$ today). Serving as a utility backup to regulars Marty Marion and Red Schoendienst, LaPointe began his Cardinals career with four hits, two runs scored, two RBI, and one double in his first four contests; however, by May 14, his batting average had dropped to .200. Although a three-hit performance on May 16 raised his average and a double, a single, and two RBI on May 19 helped his cause, his average was still a struggling .214 at the end of May and dropped below the Mendoza Line to .192 by the end of June, in which he only hit safely in one game. In July, LaPointe appeared in all but two games for the Cardinals while filling in at second base for Schoendienst\u2014who injured his shoulder\u2014including five sets of doubleheaders; he notched seven multi-hit games in the month, capped by a 3-for-5 performance in a 12\u201310 loss to the Cubs on July 6. He raised his average to .213 by late July and amassed a seven-game hitting streak in mid-August\u2014with four of those being two-hit contests\u2014which raised his average as hit as .231. He had one hit on the first of September, his final safety of the season, and finished the year batting .225 with 27 runs scored and 15 RBI in 87 games played. LaPointe was assigned to the AAA-level Rochester Red Wings by St. Louis for the 1949 season.", "pinch-ran for Adcock. With two outs, two on, Frank Torre, pinch-hitting for Del Crandall, lined out to McDougald at the very edge of the outfield grass to end the game and Milwaukee's chance to win the Series here. For the fourth straight year, the World Series went the distance. Trying to beat fantastic odds and come back from a 3\u20131 deficit, Yankee manager Casey Stengel again chose Don Larsen to start Game 7. Larsen had only lasted 2\u2153 innings starting Game 7 in the 1957 World Series and once again lasted 2\u2153 innings in 1958. Lew Burdette, who pitched a complete game win in Game 2 but gave up six runs in a Game 5 loss, started for Milwaukee. The Yankees failed to score in the first while the Braves tallied a single run on some lack of control by Larsen. Red Schoendienst led off with a single to left, Bill Bruton walked and Frank Torre sacrificed up both runners, Jerry Lumpe to Gil McDougald, who was covering first base. Hank Aaron walked loading the bases; things looking pretty good for the Braves thus far. Wes Covington grounded out to first but Schoendienst scored on the play. Eddie Mathews took an intentional pass but Del Crandall struck out ending the threat. The Yankees struck back. Cleanup hitter Yogi Berra led off with a walk. Slow-footed but hustling Elston Howard laid down a sacrifice and, incredibly, was called safe on a poorly tossed throw by Torre to pitcher Burdette. Jerry Lumpe grounded again to Torre, who again threw too high to Burdette for another error, loading the bases. The left-handed hitting Torre got the start in place of veteran right-hander Joe Adcock, who may have been more sure-handed in the field."], "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#1", "question": "What position did he play?", "rewrite": "What position did Red Schoendienst play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.", "pinch-ran for Adcock. With two outs, two on, Frank Torre, pinch-hitting for Del Crandall, lined out to McDougald at the very edge of the outfield grass to end the game and Milwaukee's chance to win the Series here. For the fourth straight year, the World Series went the distance. Trying to beat fantastic odds and come back from a 3\u20131 deficit, Yankee manager Casey Stengel again chose Don Larsen to start Game 7. Larsen had only lasted 2\u2153 innings starting Game 7 in the 1957 World Series and once again lasted 2\u2153 innings in 1958. Lew Burdette, who pitched a complete game win in Game 2 but gave up six runs in a Game 5 loss, started for Milwaukee. The Yankees failed to score in the first while the Braves tallied a single run on some lack of control by Larsen. Red Schoendienst led off with a single to left, Bill Bruton walked and Frank Torre sacrificed up both runners, Jerry Lumpe to Gil McDougald, who was covering first base. Hank Aaron walked loading the bases; things looking pretty good for the Braves thus far. Wes Covington grounded out to first but Schoendienst scored on the play. Eddie Mathews took an intentional pass but Del Crandall struck out ending the threat. The Yankees struck back. Cleanup hitter Yogi Berra led off with a walk. Slow-footed but hustling Elston Howard laid down a sacrifice and, incredibly, was called safe on a poorly tossed throw by Torre to pitcher Burdette. Jerry Lumpe grounded again to Torre, who again threw too high to Burdette for another error, loading the bases. The left-handed hitting Torre got the start in place of veteran right-hander Joe Adcock, who may have been more sure-handed in the field.", "The Braves did not manage to capitalize on this opportunity, as second baseman Red Schoendienst grounded out. By the end of the fifth inning, the Braves had left four men on base, with the score still tied at 0\u20130. The Yankees broke through that inning with a leadoff single by Jerry Coleman, followed by two ground outs which moved the runner to third base, and then a triple by slugger Hank Bauer making the score 1\u20130. After three consecutive batters reached first base in the Yankees' half of the sixth inning, and a run scored on Andy Carey's single, Milwaukee manager Fred Haney pulled starter Warren Spahn and replaced him with Ernie Johnson. The Yankees scored once more in the sixth inning when Coleman executed a squeeze play, allowing Yogi Berra to score from third base. The Braves managed to score only once, when Wes Covington scored in the seventh on a single by Schoendienst. Whitey Ford pitched a complete game for the Yankees. Hank Aaron led off the second inning with a triple, then made it safe at home on Joe Adcock's single. The Yankees responded with one of their own in the bottom half of the second. Again in the third inning, the Yankees and Braves each scored one run, leaving the score 2\u20132 heading to the fourth inning. Both managers were worried about their starting pitchers, and after three straight singles from Adcock, Andy Pafko, and Wes Covington and with two runs in, Yankees manager Casey Stengel replaced Bobby Shantz with reliever Art Ditmar. Ditmar had finished the regular season with an 8\u20133 record, a 3.25 ERA and six saves. Ditmar was able to prevent the Braves from scoring any more runs, but the score was 4\u20132 in favor of the Braves.", "Bill Bruton, who came into the game pinch-hitting for Pafko in the ninth, lined a single into right-center, scoring Adcock with the game-winning run. Lew Burdette (20\u201310, 2.91), who won three games in the 1957 World Series, took the mound for the Braves while the Yankees went with righty Bob Turley (21\u20137, 2.91), who won 20 games for the only time in his career during the regular season. Burdette started shakily, giving up a leadoff single to Hank Bauer. Eddie Mathews fielded a grounder by Gil McDougald but threw wide to the first, putting runners on second and third. Mickey Mantle was intentionally walked, loading the bases for cleanup hitter Elston Howard. Howard's groundout forced Mantle at second while Bauer came in from third with the game's first run. Burdette got the next batter, Yogi Berra, to ground into an inning ending 4\u20136\u20133 double-play; Red Schoendienst, to Johnny Logan, to Frank Torre. A shakier Bob Turley would last only a third of an inning. The Braves lit up the scoreboard with seven first inning runs, sparked by a leadoff Bill Bruton home run; he had hit just three in the season. Schoendienst doubled to right, Hank Aaron walked and dependable Wes Covington singled home a run to right-center. Mid-season pickup Duke Maas relieved Turley to get Frank Torre to fly to right for the second out. Del Crandall walked, loading the bases, with Johnny Logan keeping up the onslaught with a two-run single.", "List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons."], "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#2", "question": "Did he play other positions?", "rewrite": "Did Red Schoendienst play other positions in addition to left field?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "Bernard Gilkey Otis Bernard Gilkey (born September 24, 1966) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) player for the St. Louis Cardinals, New York Mets, Arizona Diamondbacks, Boston Red Sox, and Atlanta Braves. Primarily a left fielder, Gilkey occasionally played right field as well. He also played a small number of games as a center fielder, first baseman, and designated hitter. Gilkey was a right-handed batter. Gilkey played basketball at St. Louis's University City High School and signed a letter of intent to play college basketball for Drake University. However, fearing that he was not tall enough to be a great basketball player, he chose to sign with the St. Louis Cardinals as an undrafted free agent after graduating from high school in 1984. In 1989, Gilkey led the league with 53 stolen bases and 109 runs while playing for the Double-A Arkansas Travelers. In 1990, he led the league with 75 walks while playing with Triple-A Louisville Redbirds and eventually reached the MLB team. In 1991, he was the first rookie to start for the Cardinals on opening day in left field since Hall of Famer Red Schoendienst in 1945. In 1992, Gilkey hit .302 in 131 games with the Cardinals. Gilkey batted over .300 twice more during his career. During the offseason in January 1996, Gilkey was traded by the Cardinals to the New York Mets. Gilkey arguably had his strongest season in 1996. His .317 average was eighth in the National League, while his 44 doubles ranked fourth (and also set a Mets single season record). Gilkey finished fourteenth in National League MVP voting that year. Gilkey and center fielder Lance Johnson formed a formidable offensive one-two punch as outfielders in their first year with the Mets.", "pinch-ran for Adcock. With two outs, two on, Frank Torre, pinch-hitting for Del Crandall, lined out to McDougald at the very edge of the outfield grass to end the game and Milwaukee's chance to win the Series here. For the fourth straight year, the World Series went the distance. Trying to beat fantastic odds and come back from a 3\u20131 deficit, Yankee manager Casey Stengel again chose Don Larsen to start Game 7. Larsen had only lasted 2\u2153 innings starting Game 7 in the 1957 World Series and once again lasted 2\u2153 innings in 1958. Lew Burdette, who pitched a complete game win in Game 2 but gave up six runs in a Game 5 loss, started for Milwaukee. The Yankees failed to score in the first while the Braves tallied a single run on some lack of control by Larsen. Red Schoendienst led off with a single to left, Bill Bruton walked and Frank Torre sacrificed up both runners, Jerry Lumpe to Gil McDougald, who was covering first base. Hank Aaron walked loading the bases; things looking pretty good for the Braves thus far. Wes Covington grounded out to first but Schoendienst scored on the play. Eddie Mathews took an intentional pass but Del Crandall struck out ending the threat. The Yankees struck back. Cleanup hitter Yogi Berra led off with a walk. Slow-footed but hustling Elston Howard laid down a sacrifice and, incredibly, was called safe on a poorly tossed throw by Torre to pitcher Burdette. Jerry Lumpe grounded again to Torre, who again threw too high to Burdette for another error, loading the bases. The left-handed hitting Torre got the start in place of veteran right-hander Joe Adcock, who may have been more sure-handed in the field.", "F\u00e9lix Mantilla, the second baseman, moved to play shortstop and Red Schoendienst entered to play second. Finally Churn struck out Burdette to end the seventh. The Braves scored their fifth run in the eighth as Del Crandall hit a one-out triple and then scored on a sacrifice fly by Mantilla. Don Demeter pinch hit for Churn, the pitcher, in the bottom half of the inning but the Dodgers were put out in order. Sandy Koufax pitched the top of the ninth for the Dodgers and though he loaded the bases with three successive walks to Aaron, Torre, and DeMerit he did not allow any runs. Moon and Snider led off the bottom of the frame with successive singles. Bob Lillis pinch ran for Snider and Gil Hodges hit another single to load the bases. Don McMahon relieved Burdette, but allowed a fourth consecutive single to Norm Larker which scored Moon, Lillis, and advanced Hodges to third leaving the score 5\u20134. Warren Spahn relieved McMahon, Carl Furillo pinch hit for Roseboro, and Joe Pignatano pinch ran for Larker. Furillo tied the game, hitting a sacrifice fly which scored Hodges. Spahn allowed a single to Wills and was pulled in favor of Joey Jay. Ron Fairly grounded out as a pinch hitter and Gilliam flew out, leaving the game tied at five runs apiece and forcing extra innings. Following the heavy substitutions in the bottom of the ninth the Dodgers made several defensive moves in the top of the tenth. Stan Williams entered as the pitcher, Pignatano came in as the catcher, Moon moved from right to left field, and Fairly and Furillo took over center and right field respectively. The tenth went by quickly with only a single baserunner, but both teams threatened in the eleventh.", "They took the lead in the eighth when Whitey Kurowski singled with two outs and scored on Joe Garagiola's double. Pollet was a strike away from closing the game when Tom McBride tied the game with an RBI single with two on. Rudy York hit a home run into the left field bleachers in the tenth to put the Red Sox up 3\u20132. Earl Johnson pitched two shutout innings to close to give Boston a 1\u20130 series lead. The Cardinals struck first in Game 2 when Del Rice hit a leadoff double in the third off Mickey Harris and scored on Harry Brecheen's single. They added to their lead in the fifth with two unearned runs on Terry Moore's RBI single with two on followed by Stan Musial's groundout. Brecheen pitched a complete game shutout as the Cardinals tied the series heading to Boston. In Game 3, Rudy York's three-run home run in the first off Murry Dickson gave the Red Sox an early 3\u20130 lead. They added another run in the eighth off Ted Wilks when Red Schoendienst misplayed Hal Wagner's ground ball with two on. Dave Ferriss pitched a complete game shutout to give the Red Sox a 2\u20131 series lead. This is the only game in World Series history that three players on the same team (St. Louis) had four or more hits (Enos Slaughter, Whitey Kurowski and Joe Garagiola had four each). Red Sox outfielder Wally Moses got four hits as well and second baseman Bobby Doerr hit a two-run home run and would hit .409 in the Series. Enos Slaughter's lead-off home run in the second off Tex Hughson put the Cardinals up 1\u20130."], "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#3", "question": "Did he play for any other teams?", "rewrite": "Did Red Schoendienst play for any other teams besides the Cardinals?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.", "List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "For his season-long achievements, LaPointe was named to \"The Sporting News\"' All-Rookie Team. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Phillies acquired first baseman Dick Sisler from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for LaPointe; the trade included cash sent to St. Louis believed to be $20,000\u2013$30,000 ($\u2013$ today). Serving as a utility backup to regulars Marty Marion and Red Schoendienst, LaPointe began his Cardinals career with four hits, two runs scored, two RBI, and one double in his first four contests; however, by May 14, his batting average had dropped to .200. Although a three-hit performance on May 16 raised his average and a double, a single, and two RBI on May 19 helped his cause, his average was still a struggling .214 at the end of May and dropped below the Mendoza Line to .192 by the end of June, in which he only hit safely in one game. In July, LaPointe appeared in all but two games for the Cardinals while filling in at second base for Schoendienst\u2014who injured his shoulder\u2014including five sets of doubleheaders; he notched seven multi-hit games in the month, capped by a 3-for-5 performance in a 12\u201310 loss to the Cubs on July 6. He raised his average to .213 by late July and amassed a seven-game hitting streak in mid-August\u2014with four of those being two-hit contests\u2014which raised his average as hit as .231. He had one hit on the first of September, his final safety of the season, and finished the year batting .225 with 27 runs scored and 15 RBI in 87 games played. LaPointe was assigned to the AAA-level Rochester Red Wings by St. Louis for the 1949 season.", "Southworth set new team records for games managed (981), wins (620) and World Series championships (two). His Cardinals teams won 105 or more games each year from 1942 to 1944, winning the NL pennants in each of those three seasons. His .642 winning percentage is second-highest in team history, and the highest since the Cardinals joined the National League. Southworth was also awarded the \"Sporting News\" Manager of the Year Award in 1941 and 1942. Starting in 1953 with the Gussie Busch/Anheuser-Busch era, thirteen managers captained the club in 43 seasons. After Southworth, Eddie Dyer, Eddie Stanky, Fred Hutchinson and Johnny Keane also each took home a \"Sporting News\" Manager of the Year award. Keane's 1964 team that year's World Series. Hall of Famer Red Schoendienst took over from 1965 to 1977 and won one World Series and two NL pennants. Schoendienst then broke Southworth's team records for games (1,999 total) and wins (1,041). He also held records of 14 seasons managed and 955 losses. In the 1980s, Hall of Famer Whitey Herzog's style of play known as Whiteyball pushed the Cardinals to three NL pennants and a World Series championship in 1982. He was named the \"Sporting News\" Sportsman of the Year and Manager of the Year in 1982. In 1990, Joe Torre took over and Tony La Russa succeeded him when the William DeWitt, Jr. ownership \u2013 still the current ownership \u2013 commenced in 1996. La Russa finished with the longest tenure in franchise history (16 seasons), and leads Cardinals managers in wins (1,408), losses (1,182), playoff appearances (nine) and is tied for most World Series championships (two).", "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945. Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues and because Marty Marion, the incumbent shortstop, had been the National League MVP in 1944 and was still considered the best shortstop in the league, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder. Totaling 137 games in his rookie season, he batted .278 with a league-high 26 SB. In 1946, the Cardinals moved Schoendienst to play second base on their way to their third World Series title in five years. During the 1946 offseason, he won the televised home run derby. With sure hands and quick reflexes, he led the National League's second basemen for seven seasons and handled 320 consecutive chances without an error in 1950. In that season's All-Star Game, he won the contest for the National League with a home run in the top of 14th inning. It was the first All-Star game to go to extra innings. His 1956 league record fielding percentage of .9934 stood for 30 years until broken by Ryne Sandberg. In 1956, the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants, who dealt him the following season to the Milwaukee Braves, where he helped lead the team to its first pennant in nine years, batting .309 and finishing third in the NL MVP vote. In the World Series the Braves defeated the New York Yankees to win their only world championship in Milwaukee, and the franchise's first since 1914. Milwaukee repeated as NL champions in 1958 but lost to the Yankees in their World Series rematch; Schoendienst flied out to Mickey Mantle for the Series' final out. During the 1958-59 off-season Schoendienst was diagnosed with tuberculosis and underwent a partial pneumonectomy in February 1959."], "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants,", "answer_start": 1059}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play other positions?", "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#4", "question": "Any other teams?", "rewrite": "Did Red Schoendienst play for any other teams aside from the Cardinals and the Giants?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Southworth set new team records for games managed (981), wins (620) and World Series championships (two). His Cardinals teams won 105 or more games each year from 1942 to 1944, winning the NL pennants in each of those three seasons. His .642 winning percentage is second-highest in team history, and the highest since the Cardinals joined the National League. Southworth was also awarded the \"Sporting News\" Manager of the Year Award in 1941 and 1942. Starting in 1953 with the Gussie Busch/Anheuser-Busch era, thirteen managers captained the club in 43 seasons. After Southworth, Eddie Dyer, Eddie Stanky, Fred Hutchinson and Johnny Keane also each took home a \"Sporting News\" Manager of the Year award. Keane's 1964 team that year's World Series. Hall of Famer Red Schoendienst took over from 1965 to 1977 and won one World Series and two NL pennants. Schoendienst then broke Southworth's team records for games (1,999 total) and wins (1,041). He also held records of 14 seasons managed and 955 losses. In the 1980s, Hall of Famer Whitey Herzog's style of play known as Whiteyball pushed the Cardinals to three NL pennants and a World Series championship in 1982. He was named the \"Sporting News\" Sportsman of the Year and Manager of the Year in 1982. In 1990, Joe Torre took over and Tony La Russa succeeded him when the William DeWitt, Jr. ownership \u2013 still the current ownership \u2013 commenced in 1996. La Russa finished with the longest tenure in franchise history (16 seasons), and leads Cardinals managers in wins (1,408), losses (1,182), playoff appearances (nine) and is tied for most World Series championships (two).", "List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945. Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues and because Marty Marion, the incumbent shortstop, had been the National League MVP in 1944 and was still considered the best shortstop in the league, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder. Totaling 137 games in his rookie season, he batted .278 with a league-high 26 SB. In 1946, the Cardinals moved Schoendienst to play second base on their way to their third World Series title in five years. During the 1946 offseason, he won the televised home run derby. With sure hands and quick reflexes, he led the National League's second basemen for seven seasons and handled 320 consecutive chances without an error in 1950. In that season's All-Star Game, he won the contest for the National League with a home run in the top of 14th inning. It was the first All-Star game to go to extra innings. His 1956 league record fielding percentage of .9934 stood for 30 years until broken by Ryne Sandberg. In 1956, the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants, who dealt him the following season to the Milwaukee Braves, where he helped lead the team to its first pennant in nine years, batting .309 and finishing third in the NL MVP vote. In the World Series the Braves defeated the New York Yankees to win their only world championship in Milwaukee, and the franchise's first since 1914. Milwaukee repeated as NL champions in 1958 but lost to the Yankees in their World Series rematch; Schoendienst flied out to Mickey Mantle for the Series' final out. During the 1958-59 off-season Schoendienst was diagnosed with tuberculosis and underwent a partial pneumonectomy in February 1959.", "Auchi Auchi is the second-largest city in Edo State, Nigeria, after Benin City, the capital. Auchi is located in Etsako West Local Government Area of Edo State currently serves as the Local Government headquarters. Other towns in Etsako West local government area includes; Uzairue, South Ibie, Agbede and The Anwain Clan. During the British colonial rule, it was the headquarters of the Kukuruku Division, the administrative headquarters of five districts. Auchi is also the root of one of the largest families in the world, the Momoh family. It is the home of Auchi Polytechnic. The language spoken by the Auchi people is Etsako. It is an Edoid language dialect or variant although the language is commonly referred to by the same name as the people: Auchi. There are varied historical accounts relating to the origins of the Auchi people. The most popular of these legends asserts that a mass migration from Udo in present-day Benin City led by a man called Uchi accompanied by his family and followers headed north and finally settled for the relative calm of the Guinea Savannah belt known today as Etsako land. This migration is believed to have taken place in the mid-15th century, during the reign of Oba Ewuare of the Benin Kingdom. This period in the Benin empire was characterised by constant wars and incessant strife. Auchi town is divided into five grand quarters which could also be referred to as districts; these are in turn made up of 25 villages. The five grand quarters are:  Auchi historically is a secular town. Since the early 1990s, there has been an influx of Christian churches setting up base in Auchi and the surrounding towns.", "Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."], "answer": {"text": "he returned to the Braves in 1960", "answer_start": 51}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play other positions?", "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants,", "answer_start": 1059, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#5", "question": "What kinds of stats did he have?", "rewrite": "What kinds of stats did Red Schoendienst have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.", "Bill Bruton, who came into the game pinch-hitting for Pafko in the ninth, lined a single into right-center, scoring Adcock with the game-winning run. Lew Burdette (20\u201310, 2.91), who won three games in the 1957 World Series, took the mound for the Braves while the Yankees went with righty Bob Turley (21\u20137, 2.91), who won 20 games for the only time in his career during the regular season. Burdette started shakily, giving up a leadoff single to Hank Bauer. Eddie Mathews fielded a grounder by Gil McDougald but threw wide to the first, putting runners on second and third. Mickey Mantle was intentionally walked, loading the bases for cleanup hitter Elston Howard. Howard's groundout forced Mantle at second while Bauer came in from third with the game's first run. Burdette got the next batter, Yogi Berra, to ground into an inning ending 4\u20136\u20133 double-play; Red Schoendienst, to Johnny Logan, to Frank Torre. A shakier Bob Turley would last only a third of an inning. The Braves lit up the scoreboard with seven first inning runs, sparked by a leadoff Bill Bruton home run; he had hit just three in the season. Schoendienst doubled to right, Hank Aaron walked and dependable Wes Covington singled home a run to right-center. Mid-season pickup Duke Maas relieved Turley to get Frank Torre to fly to right for the second out. Del Crandall walked, loading the bases, with Johnny Logan keeping up the onslaught with a two-run single.", "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst, wore the Cardinals' uniform longer than anybody else in the franchise's long and storied history, 67 years, with a total of 76 years in professional baseball in 2018. He died at his home in Town and Country, Missouri on June 6, 2018, at 95. The Germantown, Illinois native was part of baseball as a player (1945\u201356, 1961\u201363), coach (1964, 1979\u201395), manager (1965\u201376) and interim manager (1980, 1990) had been in his current executive role with the team since 1996. He was the oldest living member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, inducted in 1989. LH-reliever Tyler Lyons was placed on the DL with a left elbow strain, June 8, and recalled Mike Mayers for the sixth time. Daniel Poncedeleon (RH-starter) 26, is recalled, after a shocking fractured skull in May 2017 at AAA-Memphis from a line drive that hit him in the right temple. He was 5\u20132, 2.41 ERA with 49 hits, 2 HR, 35 walks, 71 strikeouts in 12 games (11 starts) for a 1.41 WHIP and .222 O-BA over 59 IP. He will become the fifth player to make his MLB debut for the Cardinals this season and the 23rd pitcher summoned to St. Louis. In 2017, the team used 25 pitchers in the season. Luke Voit (1B) optioned. Red Schoendienst, will have his public funeral mass on Friday, June 15, at Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, at 10am. It will be broadcast on KPLR-TV11.", "For his season-long achievements, LaPointe was named to \"The Sporting News\"' All-Rookie Team. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Phillies acquired first baseman Dick Sisler from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for LaPointe; the trade included cash sent to St. Louis believed to be $20,000\u2013$30,000 ($\u2013$ today). Serving as a utility backup to regulars Marty Marion and Red Schoendienst, LaPointe began his Cardinals career with four hits, two runs scored, two RBI, and one double in his first four contests; however, by May 14, his batting average had dropped to .200. Although a three-hit performance on May 16 raised his average and a double, a single, and two RBI on May 19 helped his cause, his average was still a struggling .214 at the end of May and dropped below the Mendoza Line to .192 by the end of June, in which he only hit safely in one game. In July, LaPointe appeared in all but two games for the Cardinals while filling in at second base for Schoendienst\u2014who injured his shoulder\u2014including five sets of doubleheaders; he notched seven multi-hit games in the month, capped by a 3-for-5 performance in a 12\u201310 loss to the Cubs on July 6. He raised his average to .213 by late July and amassed a seven-game hitting streak in mid-August\u2014with four of those being two-hit contests\u2014which raised his average as hit as .231. He had one hit on the first of September, his final safety of the season, and finished the year batting .225 with 27 runs scored and 15 RBI in 87 games played. LaPointe was assigned to the AAA-level Rochester Red Wings by St. Louis for the 1949 season."], "answer": {"text": ".289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI, 1223 runs, 2449 hits, 427 doubles, 78 triples and 89 stolen bases in 2216 games played.", "answer_start": 428}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play other positions?", "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants,", "answer_start": 1059, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "he returned to the Braves in 1960", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#6", "question": "How long did he play?", "rewrite": "How long did Red Schoendienst play baseball?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1949, he moved back into the dugout as the manager of the Hollywood club. During his four years (1949\u201352) as manager, the Stars won two PCL pennants. As a reward, Haney was named manager of the Stars' parent club: the worst team in the National League, the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Pirates rang up three last place finishes in Haney's 1953\u201355 tenure, losing 104, 101 and 94 games. Finally, he was given the pink slip by the Bucs, and he joined the Milwaukee Braves as a coach for 1956. Adversity turned into good fortune, however, when the Braves\u2014slow out of the gate in '56\u2014fired skipper Charlie Grimm on June 17 and turned to Haney. Milwaukee played at a .630 clip for the rest of the season and improved from fifth to second place, only one game behind the Brooklyn Dodgers, securing Haney's tenure in the Beer City. In 1957, with a lineup that included future Baseball Hall of Fame members Hank Aaron, Eddie Mathews, Warren Spahn, and Red Schoendienst \u2013 and stars such as Lew Burdette, Bob Buhl, Johnny Logan and Del Crandall \u2013 the Braves won the National League pennant by eight games over the St. Louis Cardinals. During the regular season, Haney led the Braves in overcoming season-ending injuries to star first baseman Joe Adcock and fleet center fielder Bill Bruton, and slow starts to the season by their starting left fielder and second baseman, both of whom were traded in mid-June for Schoendienst.", "For his season-long achievements, LaPointe was named to \"The Sporting News\"' All-Rookie Team. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Phillies acquired first baseman Dick Sisler from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for LaPointe; the trade included cash sent to St. Louis believed to be $20,000\u2013$30,000 ($\u2013$ today). Serving as a utility backup to regulars Marty Marion and Red Schoendienst, LaPointe began his Cardinals career with four hits, two runs scored, two RBI, and one double in his first four contests; however, by May 14, his batting average had dropped to .200. Although a three-hit performance on May 16 raised his average and a double, a single, and two RBI on May 19 helped his cause, his average was still a struggling .214 at the end of May and dropped below the Mendoza Line to .192 by the end of June, in which he only hit safely in one game. In July, LaPointe appeared in all but two games for the Cardinals while filling in at second base for Schoendienst\u2014who injured his shoulder\u2014including five sets of doubleheaders; he notched seven multi-hit games in the month, capped by a 3-for-5 performance in a 12\u201310 loss to the Cubs on July 6. He raised his average to .213 by late July and amassed a seven-game hitting streak in mid-August\u2014with four of those being two-hit contests\u2014which raised his average as hit as .231. He had one hit on the first of September, his final safety of the season, and finished the year batting .225 with 27 runs scored and 15 RBI in 87 games played. LaPointe was assigned to the AAA-level Rochester Red Wings by St. Louis for the 1949 season.", "List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.", "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst, wore the Cardinals' uniform longer than anybody else in the franchise's long and storied history, 67 years, with a total of 76 years in professional baseball in 2018. He died at his home in Town and Country, Missouri on June 6, 2018, at 95. The Germantown, Illinois native was part of baseball as a player (1945\u201356, 1961\u201363), coach (1964, 1979\u201395), manager (1965\u201376) and interim manager (1980, 1990) had been in his current executive role with the team since 1996. He was the oldest living member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, inducted in 1989. LH-reliever Tyler Lyons was placed on the DL with a left elbow strain, June 8, and recalled Mike Mayers for the sixth time. Daniel Poncedeleon (RH-starter) 26, is recalled, after a shocking fractured skull in May 2017 at AAA-Memphis from a line drive that hit him in the right temple. He was 5\u20132, 2.41 ERA with 49 hits, 2 HR, 35 walks, 71 strikeouts in 12 games (11 starts) for a 1.41 WHIP and .222 O-BA over 59 IP. He will become the fifth player to make his MLB debut for the Cardinals this season and the 23rd pitcher summoned to St. Louis. In 2017, the team used 25 pitchers in the season. Luke Voit (1B) optioned. Red Schoendienst, will have his public funeral mass on Friday, June 15, at Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, at 10am. It will be broadcast on KPLR-TV11."], "answer": {"text": "19 seasons", "answer_start": 380}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play other positions?", "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants,", "answer_start": 1059, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "he returned to the Braves in 1960", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kinds of stats did he have?", "answer": {"text": ".289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI, 1223 runs, 2449 hits, 427 doubles, 78 triples and 89 stolen bases in 2216 games played.", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#7", "question": "Why did he stop playing?", "rewrite": "Why did Red Schoendienst stop playing baseball?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst, wore the Cardinals' uniform longer than anybody else in the franchise's long and storied history, 67 years, with a total of 76 years in professional baseball in 2018. He died at his home in Town and Country, Missouri on June 6, 2018, at 95. The Germantown, Illinois native was part of baseball as a player (1945\u201356, 1961\u201363), coach (1964, 1979\u201395), manager (1965\u201376) and interim manager (1980, 1990) had been in his current executive role with the team since 1996. He was the oldest living member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, inducted in 1989. LH-reliever Tyler Lyons was placed on the DL with a left elbow strain, June 8, and recalled Mike Mayers for the sixth time. Daniel Poncedeleon (RH-starter) 26, is recalled, after a shocking fractured skull in May 2017 at AAA-Memphis from a line drive that hit him in the right temple. He was 5\u20132, 2.41 ERA with 49 hits, 2 HR, 35 walks, 71 strikeouts in 12 games (11 starts) for a 1.41 WHIP and .222 O-BA over 59 IP. He will become the fifth player to make his MLB debut for the Cardinals this season and the 23rd pitcher summoned to St. Louis. In 2017, the team used 25 pitchers in the season. Luke Voit (1B) optioned. Red Schoendienst, will have his public funeral mass on Friday, June 15, at Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, at 10am. It will be broadcast on KPLR-TV11.", "In 1949, he moved back into the dugout as the manager of the Hollywood club. During his four years (1949\u201352) as manager, the Stars won two PCL pennants. As a reward, Haney was named manager of the Stars' parent club: the worst team in the National League, the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Pirates rang up three last place finishes in Haney's 1953\u201355 tenure, losing 104, 101 and 94 games. Finally, he was given the pink slip by the Bucs, and he joined the Milwaukee Braves as a coach for 1956. Adversity turned into good fortune, however, when the Braves\u2014slow out of the gate in '56\u2014fired skipper Charlie Grimm on June 17 and turned to Haney. Milwaukee played at a .630 clip for the rest of the season and improved from fifth to second place, only one game behind the Brooklyn Dodgers, securing Haney's tenure in the Beer City. In 1957, with a lineup that included future Baseball Hall of Fame members Hank Aaron, Eddie Mathews, Warren Spahn, and Red Schoendienst \u2013 and stars such as Lew Burdette, Bob Buhl, Johnny Logan and Del Crandall \u2013 the Braves won the National League pennant by eight games over the St. Louis Cardinals. During the regular season, Haney led the Braves in overcoming season-ending injuries to star first baseman Joe Adcock and fleet center fielder Bill Bruton, and slow starts to the season by their starting left fielder and second baseman, both of whom were traded in mid-June for Schoendienst.", "List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.", "For his season-long achievements, LaPointe was named to \"The Sporting News\"' All-Rookie Team. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Phillies acquired first baseman Dick Sisler from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for LaPointe; the trade included cash sent to St. Louis believed to be $20,000\u2013$30,000 ($\u2013$ today). Serving as a utility backup to regulars Marty Marion and Red Schoendienst, LaPointe began his Cardinals career with four hits, two runs scored, two RBI, and one double in his first four contests; however, by May 14, his batting average had dropped to .200. Although a three-hit performance on May 16 raised his average and a double, a single, and two RBI on May 19 helped his cause, his average was still a struggling .214 at the end of May and dropped below the Mendoza Line to .192 by the end of June, in which he only hit safely in one game. In July, LaPointe appeared in all but two games for the Cardinals while filling in at second base for Schoendienst\u2014who injured his shoulder\u2014including five sets of doubleheaders; he notched seven multi-hit games in the month, capped by a 3-for-5 performance in a 12\u201310 loss to the Cubs on July 6. He raised his average to .213 by late July and amassed a seven-game hitting streak in mid-August\u2014with four of those being two-hit contests\u2014which raised his average as hit as .231. He had one hit on the first of September, his final safety of the season, and finished the year batting .225 with 27 runs scored and 15 RBI in 87 games played. LaPointe was assigned to the AAA-level Rochester Red Wings by St. Louis for the 1949 season."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play other positions?", "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants,", "answer_start": 1059, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "he returned to the Braves in 1960", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kinds of stats did he have?", "answer": {"text": ".289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI, 1223 runs, 2449 hits, 427 doubles, 78 triples and 89 stolen bases in 2216 games played.", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How long did he play?", "answer": {"text": "19 seasons", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#8", "question": "did he amass any other statistics?", "rewrite": "Did Red Schoendienst amass any other statistics other than batting averages?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Secondary average  Secondary average, or SecA, is a baseball statistic that measures the sum of extra bases gained on hits, walks, and stolen bases (less times caught stealing) depicted per at bat. Created by Bill James, it is a sabermetric measurement of hitting performance that seeks to evaluate the number of bases a player gained independent of batting average. Unlike batting average, which is a simple ratio of base hits to at bats, secondary average accounts for power (extra base hits), plate discipline (walks), and speed (stolen bases minus times caught stealing). Secondary averages have a higher variance than batting averages. The formula to calculate secondary average is:  where   The resulting number rounded to the thousandth place is a player's secondary average. Variations to the formula exist, with some statisticians not counting caught stealing while others multiply caught stealing to increase its significance/negative effects. Although they share a limited correlation, overall league averages for secondary average are inclined to correspond with league batting averages, which allows for a viable reference point for secondary average in comparison to batting average. A player can possess a low batting average yet still be a valuable offensive contributor if he has a high secondary average. However, a low secondary average is not necessarily an indicator of a poor hitter. Ichiro Suzuki is an example of a hitter who relies on batting average for most of his offensive production. Furthermore, batting average and secondary average are not mutually exclusive; a player can have a high batting average as well as a high secondary average. The table below shows the leaders in both batting average and secondary average for the 2013 season (bold indicates leader in both categories). Secondary average operates under the principle that batting average is an incomplete indicator of a hitter's ability since batting average does not account for power, plate discipline, and speed.", "Batting average (cricket) In cricket, a player's batting average is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been out. Since the number of runs a player scores and how often they get out are primarily measures of their own playing ability, and largely independent of their teammates, batting average is a good metric for an individual player's skill as a batter. The number is also simple to interpret intuitively. If all the batter's innings were completed (i.e. they were out every innings), this is the average number of runs they score per innings. If they did not complete all their innings (i.e. some innings they finished not out), this number is an estimate of the unknown average number of runs they score per innings. Each player normally has several batting averages, with a different figure calculated for each type of match they play (First Class, one-day, Test Matches, List A, T20, etc.), and a player's batting averages may be calculated for individual seasons or series, or at particular grounds, or against particular opponents, or across their whole career. Batting average has been used to gauge cricket players' relative skills since the 18th century. Most players have career batting averages in the range of 20 to 40. This is also the desirable range for wicket-keepers, though some fall short and make up for it with keeping skill. Until a substantial increase in scores in the 21st century due to improved bats and smaller grounds among other factors, players who sustained an average above 50 through a career were considered exceptional, and before the development of the heavy roller in the 1870s (which allowed for a flatter, safer cricket pitch) an average of 25 was considered very good.", "For example, Phil Tufnell, who was noted for his poor batting, has an apparently respectable ODI average of 15 (from 20 games), despite a highest score of only 5 not out, as he scored an overall total of 15 runs from 10 innings, but was out only once. A batter who has not been dismissed in any of the innings over which their average is being calculated does not have a batting average, as dividing by zero does not give a result. Highest male career batting averages in Test matches as follows: Source: Cricinfo Statsguru. Table shows players with at least 20 innings completed. <nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes not out. Last updated: 15 September 2019. Highest career batting averages in First-class cricket as follows: Source: Cricinfo Statsguru. Table shows players with at least 50 innings batted, note this table has no requirement for minimum number of runs scored. <nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes not out. Last updated: 10 November 2018. Highest career batting averages in One Day International cricket as follows: Source: Cricinfo Statsguru. Table shows players with at least 20 innings completed. <nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes not out. Last updated: 24 July 2019. Alternative measures of batting effectiveness have been developed, including:  Strike rate measures a different concept to batting average \u2013 how quickly the batsman scores (i.e. average number of runs from 100 balls) \u2013 so it does not supplant the role of batting average. It is used particularly in limited overs matches, where the speed at which a batter scores is more important than it is in first-class cricket. A system of player rankings was developed to produce a better indication of players' current standings than is provided by comparing their averages.", "List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "For his season-long achievements, LaPointe was named to \"The Sporting News\"' All-Rookie Team. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Phillies acquired first baseman Dick Sisler from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for LaPointe; the trade included cash sent to St. Louis believed to be $20,000\u2013$30,000 ($\u2013$ today). Serving as a utility backup to regulars Marty Marion and Red Schoendienst, LaPointe began his Cardinals career with four hits, two runs scored, two RBI, and one double in his first four contests; however, by May 14, his batting average had dropped to .200. Although a three-hit performance on May 16 raised his average and a double, a single, and two RBI on May 19 helped his cause, his average was still a struggling .214 at the end of May and dropped below the Mendoza Line to .192 by the end of June, in which he only hit safely in one game. In July, LaPointe appeared in all but two games for the Cardinals while filling in at second base for Schoendienst\u2014who injured his shoulder\u2014including five sets of doubleheaders; he notched seven multi-hit games in the month, capped by a 3-for-5 performance in a 12\u201310 loss to the Cubs on July 6. He raised his average to .213 by late July and amassed a seven-game hitting streak in mid-August\u2014with four of those being two-hit contests\u2014which raised his average as hit as .231. He had one hit on the first of September, his final safety of the season, and finished the year batting .225 with 27 runs scored and 15 RBI in 87 games played. LaPointe was assigned to the AAA-level Rochester Red Wings by St. Louis for the 1949 season."], "answer": {"text": "4616 putouts, 5243 assists, 1368 double plays, and only 170 errors in 10029 total chances for a .983 fielding average.", "answer_start": 619}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play other positions?", "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants,", "answer_start": 1059, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "he returned to the Braves in 1960", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kinds of stats did he have?", "answer": {"text": ".289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI, 1223 runs, 2449 hits, 427 doubles, 78 triples and 89 stolen bases in 2216 games played.", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How long did he play?", "answer": {"text": "19 seasons", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he stop playing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_964a27981aaf4e54a938def63fcddb64_1_q#9", "question": "What else is interesting from his playing career?", "rewrite": "What else is interesting from Red Schoendienst's playing career in addition to his statistics??", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches The St. Louis Cardinals, based in St. Louis, Missouri, are a professional baseball franchise that compete in the National League of Major League Baseball (MLB). The club employs coaches who support \u2013 and report directly to \u2013 the manager. Coaches for various aspects of the game, including pitching, hitting, baserunning and fielding, give instruction to players to assist them in exercising the major disciplines that must be successfully executed to compete at the highest level. These specialized roles are a relatively new development, as coaches initially did not have specific roles and instead had titles such as \"first assistant\", \"second assistant\", etc. St. Louis Cardinals coaches have played an important role in the team's eleven World Series titles. Many are retired players who at one time played for the team. Coaching is often part of the path for Major League managerial hopefuls, as a coach's previous experiences typically include managing and/or coaching at the minor league level. Charley O'Leary and Heinie Peitz, both former Cardinals players, became the first coaches the Cardinals employed as positions separate from the manager in 1913. The longest-tenured coach in Cardinals' franchise history is Red Schoendienst, who has filled a variety of roles for the St. Louis Cardinals. First, he played 15 seasons as a second baseman for the Cardinals before becoming an on-field coach in 1962 in his penultimate season as an active player. He continued to coach through 1964, and the next season, became the Cardinals' manager. Returning as an on-field coach for the Cardinals in 1979, Schoendienst remained in that capacity until 1995. Since 1996, he has served as a special assistant to the general manager as a coaching advisor. In all, Schoendienst has coached for St. Louis for 38 total seasons.", "Albert Fred \"Red\" Schoendienst, wore the Cardinals' uniform longer than anybody else in the franchise's long and storied history, 67 years, with a total of 76 years in professional baseball in 2018. He died at his home in Town and Country, Missouri on June 6, 2018, at 95. The Germantown, Illinois native was part of baseball as a player (1945\u201356, 1961\u201363), coach (1964, 1979\u201395), manager (1965\u201376) and interim manager (1980, 1990) had been in his current executive role with the team since 1996. He was the oldest living member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame, inducted in 1989. LH-reliever Tyler Lyons was placed on the DL with a left elbow strain, June 8, and recalled Mike Mayers for the sixth time. Daniel Poncedeleon (RH-starter) 26, is recalled, after a shocking fractured skull in May 2017 at AAA-Memphis from a line drive that hit him in the right temple. He was 5\u20132, 2.41 ERA with 49 hits, 2 HR, 35 walks, 71 strikeouts in 12 games (11 starts) for a 1.41 WHIP and .222 O-BA over 59 IP. He will become the fifth player to make his MLB debut for the Cardinals this season and the 23rd pitcher summoned to St. Louis. In 2017, the team used 25 pitchers in the season. Luke Voit (1B) optioned. Red Schoendienst, will have his public funeral mass on Friday, June 15, at Cathedral Basilica of St. Louis, at 10am. It will be broadcast on KPLR-TV11.", "Keane resigned the day following the Cardinals' 1964 World Series victory over the Yankees, and Schoendienst was named as his replacement. Three years later, the Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox--Schoendienst's fourth World Series title, and third as a Cardinal. His managerial record over 12 full seasons (1965-76) and two subsequent stints as interim manager (1980 and 1990) was 1,041 victories and 955 defeats (.522). After two years as a coach for the 1977-78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager. He won his fifth Series title in 1982. He remains an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager. Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982. He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals). Schoendienst was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989 by the Veterans Committee. The Cardinals retired his number 2 in 1996. In 1998 he was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.", "In 1956, he started as a regular with the Cardinals, replacing Red Schoendienst. Blasingame enjoyed his best season in 1957, when he hit .271 and posted career-highs in home runs (8), RBI (58), runs (101), hits (176) and stolen bases (21). In 1958, he followed with .274, 19 doubles, 10 triples and 20 steals, and also was named to the National League All-Star team. In 1959, Blasingame hit .289 with 26 doubles, both career highs. In 1960, Blasingame married flight attendant Sarah Cooper, a flight attendant who in 1957 was Miss Missouri. Dancing the Charleston, she won the Talent portion and was a finalist (top 10) in the Miss America Pageant. Blasingame's father-in-law, Walker Cooper, also was a major leaguer. His son, Gregg Blasingame, was a professional soccer player with the Tacoma Stars of the Major Indoor Soccer League from 1985\u201389 and the Atlanta Attack of the National Professional Soccer League from 1989-91. With the Reds, Blasingame appeared in the 1961 World Series, playing in three games with one hit in seven at-bats as the Reds fell in five games to the New York Yankees. After 12 seasons with the Reds, Giants, Senators and Athletics, Blasingame finished his major league career at the end of the 1966 season. Opting to continue his playing career in Japan, Blasingame joined the Nankai Hawks in 1967, playing second base for three years until 1969, and recorded a .274 average with 15 home runs and 86 RBI in 366 games. Blasingame was registered officially as his nickname, \"Don Blazer.\" He then joined the team's coaching staff for the next eight seasons.", "For his season-long achievements, LaPointe was named to \"The Sporting News\"' All-Rookie Team. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Phillies acquired first baseman Dick Sisler from the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for LaPointe; the trade included cash sent to St. Louis believed to be $20,000\u2013$30,000 ($\u2013$ today). Serving as a utility backup to regulars Marty Marion and Red Schoendienst, LaPointe began his Cardinals career with four hits, two runs scored, two RBI, and one double in his first four contests; however, by May 14, his batting average had dropped to .200. Although a three-hit performance on May 16 raised his average and a double, a single, and two RBI on May 19 helped his cause, his average was still a struggling .214 at the end of May and dropped below the Mendoza Line to .192 by the end of June, in which he only hit safely in one game. In July, LaPointe appeared in all but two games for the Cardinals while filling in at second base for Schoendienst\u2014who injured his shoulder\u2014including five sets of doubleheaders; he notched seven multi-hit games in the month, capped by a 3-for-5 performance in a 12\u201310 loss to the Cubs on July 6. He raised his average to .213 by late July and amassed a seven-game hitting streak in mid-August\u2014with four of those being two-hit contests\u2014which raised his average as hit as .231. He had one hit on the first of September, his final safety of the season, and finished the year batting .225 with 27 runs scored and 15 RBI in 87 games played. LaPointe was assigned to the AAA-level Rochester Red Wings by St. Louis for the 1949 season."], "answer": {"text": "Milwaukee Braves, where he helped lead the team to its first pennant in nine years,", "answer_start": 1150}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Red Schoendienst start playing in the Majors?", "answer": {"text": "The Cardinals invited Schoendienst for spring training in Cairo, Illinois, in 1945.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What position did he play?", "answer": {"text": "St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be the left fielder.", "answer_start": 289, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play other positions?", "answer": {"text": "Schoendiest had been a shortstop in the minor leagues", "answer_start": 84, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he play for any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "the Cardinals traded him to the New York Giants,", "answer_start": 1059, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any other teams?", "answer": {"text": "he returned to the Braves in 1960", "answer_start": 51, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What kinds of stats did he have?", "answer": {"text": ".289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI, 1223 runs, 2449 hits, 427 doubles, 78 triples and 89 stolen bases in 2216 games played.", "answer_start": 428, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "How long did he play?", "answer": {"text": "19 seasons", "answer_start": 380, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Why did he stop playing?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he amass any other statistics?", "answer": {"text": "4616 putouts, 5243 assists, 1368 double plays, and only 170 errors in 10029 total chances for a .983 fielding average.", "answer_start": 619, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_a880f74c0c1f44a09e42f9905295385d_1_q#0", "question": "In regards to Jason Giambi, what was the colorado rockies about?", "rewrite": "In regards to Jason Giambi, what was the colorado rockies about?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aaron Small Aaron James Small (born November 23, 1971, in Oxnard, California) is an American former Major League Baseball pitcher. Small played for the Toronto Blue Jays, Florida Marlins, Oakland Athletics, Arizona Diamondbacks, New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves. Regarded as a career minor leaguer, he played for a total of more than 20 teams, including his major and minor league stops, during his professional career. He also played for the Edmonton Trappers in 1996 where he threw a no-hitter on August 8. Small attended South Hills High School in West Covina, California. Small was a 1st-team all-conference selection in baseball, and lettered in basketball. He graduated in 1989. Small's high school baseball teammates included future major league players Jason Giambi, who he would later play with on the Athletics and Yankees, and Cory Lidle, as well as Jeremy Giambi. Small also played high school baseball with Shawn Wooten, who was on the 2002 World Series Angels team. Small was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 22nd round of the 1989 Major League Baseball Draft. He debuted for the Blue Jays in 1994, but was traded to the Florida Marlins in 1995 for minor leaguer Ernie Delgado. Over the next ten years, Small would split most of his time between Triple-A and the majors, with major league appearances for the Oakland Athletics, Arizona Diamondbacks, Atlanta Braves, and a second stint with the Marlins, before joining the Yankees. In addition, Small was also a member of the Milwaukee Brewers, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Colorado Rockies and Anaheim Angels organizations, though he never pitched in the major leagues for those teams. Small began 2005 in the Yankees minor league system, pitching for Double-A Trenton and Triple-A Columbus.", "Jeremy Giambi Jeremy Dean Giambi (; born September 30, 1974) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, and Boston Red Sox, from through . Giambi also played in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago White Sox organizations. He is the younger brother of former MLB player Jason Giambi. Like his older brother Jason, Jeremy Giambi attended South Hills High School, Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina, California, and Covina Elementary School in Covina, California. He attended California State University, Fullerton and played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. In 1996 and 1997 he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Bourne Braves. The Kansas City Royals selected Giambi in the sixth round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft. Giambi started off his Major League career playing for the Royals, for whom he played for parts of two seasons. He was mentioned in Michael Lewis's book \"Moneyball\" as one of the replacement players for his older brother, Jason and became a character in the film that starred Brad Pitt. Despite his off field troubles, Jeremy was looked at by Billy Beane, the general manager of the Oakland Athletics, because of his plate discipline. The Athletics had acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for Brett Laxton prior to the 2000 season. During the 2002 season, the Athletics traded Giambi to the Philadelphia Phillies for John Mabry. After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the Boston Red Sox for Josh Hancock. He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.", "Matt Kemp crushed a walk-off home run off Tom Gorzelanny for the 4\u20133 win. It was Kemp's 11th home run of the season, breaking Sheffield's club record. The Dodgers completed the sweep of the Nationals when James Loney's two RBI single backed Chris Capuano's 6 shutout innings in a 2\u20130 victory in the finale of the homestand. The Dodgers ended the month of April in Denver with a road game against the Colorado Rockies. Kemp hit his league leading 12th home run early but the Rockies won 6\u20132 after Rockies relief pitchers struck out Kemp and Ethier with the bases loaded in the seventh inning. The Dodgers 16 wins in April was their most since the 1984 season. The month of May ushered in a new era for the Dodgers as the sale of the team by Frank McCourt to Guggenheim Baseball Management was finalized. The Dodgers then won their first game under the new management that night against the Rockies. Ted Lilly worked six strong innings and the Dodgers built a 7\u20130 lead thanks to homers by Dee Gordon (the first of his career) and Andre Ethier and then held on to win 7\u20136 after the bullpen allowed the Rockies to catch up. Javy Guerra picked up his eighth save to preserve the win. The Dodgers lost the final game of the series against the Rockies, 8\u20135, when Jason Giambi hit a walk-off three-run homer against Scott Elbert. Jerry Hairston, Jr. fell a double short of the cycle in the opener of a series against the Chicago Cubs on May 4 but the Dodgers still lost 5\u20134. Chris Capuano pitched seven scoreless innings the next day and the Dodgers ended their brief two-game losing streak with a 5\u20131 win.", "Then on July 17, the A's traded Joe Blanton to the Philadelphia Phillies for three minor leaguers. An 18\u201337 record for the months of July and August (including a 10-game losing streak) dropped the A's into third place, where they would finish the season. They ended 2008 with a disappointing 75\u201386 record. Several players were acquired in the offseason trades (pitchers Dana Eveland and Greg Smith from the Dan Haren trade, outfielder Ryan Sweeney from the Swisher trade and reliever Joey Devine from the Mark Kotsay trade). Carlos Gonz\u00e1lez and Gio Gonz\u00e1lez (no relation) from the Haren and Swisher trades, respectively, also performed well for the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats. It is worth pointing out that Haren, Swisher, and Kotsay have all played well in their new teams. Kotsay himself had a game-winning RBI as a pinch-hitter, against his former team on May 16 in Game 1 of an interleague series between the A's and Braves. In the 2009 offseason, the A's traded promising young star OF Carlos Gonz\u00e1lez, closer Huston Street and starting pitcher Greg Smith for Matt Holliday of the Colorado Rockies. On January 6, 2009, Jason Giambi signed a one-year, $4.6 million contract with a 2nd year option. Giambi said he was glad to be back as he put on his old number 16. Also signed were infielders Orlando Cabrera of the Chicago White Sox and Nomar Garciaparra of the Los Angeles Dodgers. The first half of the season the team played relatively poor, but finished the second half strong, yet still posting a losing record.", "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009. He was assigned to their AAA affiliate, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. Giambi chose to wear the number 23 for his jersey's number. His first RBI with the Rockies came in the form of a bases loaded walk in his first plate appearance on September 1, 2009, after being promoted to the club upon roster expansion earlier that day. That year, he had many clutch hits which kept the Rockies in contention for the National League Wild Card. He quickly became a fan favorite in Colorado. On January 23, 2010, Giambi reached an agreement to return to the Colorado Rockies. On September 12 Giambi hit a walk-off home run against the Arizona Diamondbacks, extending the winning streak for the Rockies to 10 games. The Colorado Rockies announced on January 17, 2011 a deal to put Giambi in the team's minor league organization with a spring training invite for the 2011 season. Giambi made the 2011 Opening Day roster out of spring training. On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career. The three home runs came in his first three at-bats. Giambi is also the second oldest player to accomplish the feat; at age 41, Stan Musial was the oldest player to hit three home runs in one game on July 8, 1962. Giambi became a free agent after the 2012 season and was a finalist for the Rockies major league managerial opening, which eventually went to Walt Weiss. Giambi was offered the position of Colorado's hitting coach but turned it down."], "answer": {"text": "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a880f74c0c1f44a09e42f9905295385d_1_q#1", "question": "was that successful?", "rewrite": "was Giambi with the Rockies successful?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Oakland scored first on a Ron Gant homer in the fourth---just as McCartney was shown on tv---and tacked on an insurance run off Mariano Rivera in the top of the ninth when Johnny Damon tripled with one out and scored on Scott Brosius's error. Jason Isringhausen got the save for the second straight night as the Yankees got the first two runners on base before wasting three opportunities to tie or win it. The Yankees were now in a two games to none hole and the Athletics were just one win away from advancing to the ALCS for the first time since 1992. Network Associates Coliseum in Oakland, California This series is notable for a defensive play in the seventh inning of Game 3. With Oakland leading the five-game series two games to none, on the verge of completing a sweep, the Yankees took a 1\u20130 lead into the bottom of the seventh inning behind a strong performance from Mike Mussina and Jorge Posada's home run in the fifth (Shane Spencer followed with a double for the Yankees' only other hit of the game). With two outs and Jeremy Giambi on first base, Terrence Long hit a line drive into the right field corner. With Giambi rounding third base, right fielder Shane Spencer's throw missed both cut-off men. It appeared that Giambi would score easily, tying the game, when the shortstop Derek Jeter, while running across the diamond, reached out, cradled the ball, and shovel passed it to catcher Jorge Posada. Posada tagged Giambi, who attempted to jump over the tag as opposed to sliding around it. ESPN ranks this play as the 45th most memorable moment of the last 25 years. It would be replayed countless times over the following years, most recently as part of filmmaker Ken Burns's documentary The Tenth Inning in late September 2010.", "Jeremy Giambi Jeremy Dean Giambi (; born September 30, 1974) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, and Boston Red Sox, from through . Giambi also played in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago White Sox organizations. He is the younger brother of former MLB player Jason Giambi. Like his older brother Jason, Jeremy Giambi attended South Hills High School, Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina, California, and Covina Elementary School in Covina, California. He attended California State University, Fullerton and played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. In 1996 and 1997 he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Bourne Braves. The Kansas City Royals selected Giambi in the sixth round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft. Giambi started off his Major League career playing for the Royals, for whom he played for parts of two seasons. He was mentioned in Michael Lewis's book \"Moneyball\" as one of the replacement players for his older brother, Jason and became a character in the film that starred Brad Pitt. Despite his off field troubles, Jeremy was looked at by Billy Beane, the general manager of the Oakland Athletics, because of his plate discipline. The Athletics had acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for Brett Laxton prior to the 2000 season. During the 2002 season, the Athletics traded Giambi to the Philadelphia Phillies for John Mabry. After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the Boston Red Sox for Josh Hancock. He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.", "Late in 2003, Giambi was named by FBI officers investigating the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) as being one of the baseball players believed to have received anabolic steroids from trainer Greg Anderson. In December 2004, the San Francisco Chronicle reported it had seen Giambi's 2003 grand jury testimony in the BALCO investigation. The newspaper said that in his testimony, Giambi admitted to using several different steroids during the off-seasons from 2001 to 2003, and injecting himself with human growth hormone during the 2003 season. In a press conference prior to the 2005 season, Giambi apologized publicly to the media and his fans, though he did not specifically state what for. The lawyer who illegally leaked the testimony later pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison. Giambi apologized again on May 16, 2007, this time specifically for using steroids, and urged others in the sport to do the same. \"I was wrong for using that stuff\", he told USA Today. \"What we should have done a long time ago was stand up--players, ownership, everybody--and said, 'We made a mistake.'\" When asked why he used steroids, Giambi responded: \"Maybe one day I'll talk about it, but not now.\" Giambi did speak with George J. Mitchell, after being forced to do so by Bud Selig. Subsequently, in December 2007, the Mitchell Report included Giambi along with his brother Jeremy Giambi, who also admitted to using steroids during his career. The prosecution in the Barry Bonds perjury case indicated they intended to call both Jason and Jeremy Giambi to testify against Bonds in his March 2009 trial.", "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009. He was assigned to their AAA affiliate, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. Giambi chose to wear the number 23 for his jersey's number. His first RBI with the Rockies came in the form of a bases loaded walk in his first plate appearance on September 1, 2009, after being promoted to the club upon roster expansion earlier that day. That year, he had many clutch hits which kept the Rockies in contention for the National League Wild Card. He quickly became a fan favorite in Colorado. On January 23, 2010, Giambi reached an agreement to return to the Colorado Rockies. On September 12 Giambi hit a walk-off home run against the Arizona Diamondbacks, extending the winning streak for the Rockies to 10 games. The Colorado Rockies announced on January 17, 2011 a deal to put Giambi in the team's minor league organization with a spring training invite for the 2011 season. Giambi made the 2011 Opening Day roster out of spring training. On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career. The three home runs came in his first three at-bats. Giambi is also the second oldest player to accomplish the feat; at age 41, Stan Musial was the oldest player to hit three home runs in one game on July 8, 1962. Giambi became a free agent after the 2012 season and was a finalist for the Rockies major league managerial opening, which eventually went to Walt Weiss. Giambi was offered the position of Colorado's hitting coach but turned it down.", "In the summer of 2003, USADA investigators received a syringe with trace amounts of a mysterious substance. The anonymous tipster was Trevor Graham, sprint coach to Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. The syringe went to Don Catlin, MD, the founder and then-director of the UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, who had developed a testing process for the substance, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG). He tested 550 existing samples from athletes, of which 20 proved to fail for THG. Athletes including Kelli White, British sprinter Dwain Chambers, shot putter Kevin Toth, middle distance runner Regina Jacobs, and hammer throwers John McEwen and Melissa Price were subsequently incriminated in the investigation. The former American League MVP admitted to steroid use as well as HGH use in front of a grand jury in December 2003. Jason Giambi first became connected with BALCO after inquiring with Greg Anderson about Barry Bonds' training regimen. The much publicized leak of court documents which were said to contain this admission led to a tarnishing of Giambi's career, yet because he never actually failed a drug test, Giambi has, thus far, avoided punishment from Major League Baseball. Giambi subsequently made a few apologies to the media, the most direct of which may have come on May 16, 2007, when he told USA Today, \"I was wrong for using that stuff... what we should have done a long time ago was stand up \u2014 players, ownership, everybody - and said 'we made a mistake.' \" His younger brother Jeremy, a fellow major leaguer and former teammate of Giambi's on the Oakland A's, was also involved in receiving supplements from BALCO, and has admitted to using steroids during his career."], "answer": {"text": "On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career.", "answer_start": 1044}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "In regards to Jason Giambi, what was the colorado rockies about?", "answer": {"text": "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a880f74c0c1f44a09e42f9905295385d_1_q#2", "question": "who did giambi play against that day?", "rewrite": "who did giambi play against on May 19, 2011?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Oakland scored first on a Ron Gant homer in the fourth---just as McCartney was shown on tv---and tacked on an insurance run off Mariano Rivera in the top of the ninth when Johnny Damon tripled with one out and scored on Scott Brosius's error. Jason Isringhausen got the save for the second straight night as the Yankees got the first two runners on base before wasting three opportunities to tie or win it. The Yankees were now in a two games to none hole and the Athletics were just one win away from advancing to the ALCS for the first time since 1992. Network Associates Coliseum in Oakland, California This series is notable for a defensive play in the seventh inning of Game 3. With Oakland leading the five-game series two games to none, on the verge of completing a sweep, the Yankees took a 1\u20130 lead into the bottom of the seventh inning behind a strong performance from Mike Mussina and Jorge Posada's home run in the fifth (Shane Spencer followed with a double for the Yankees' only other hit of the game). With two outs and Jeremy Giambi on first base, Terrence Long hit a line drive into the right field corner. With Giambi rounding third base, right fielder Shane Spencer's throw missed both cut-off men. It appeared that Giambi would score easily, tying the game, when the shortstop Derek Jeter, while running across the diamond, reached out, cradled the ball, and shovel passed it to catcher Jorge Posada. Posada tagged Giambi, who attempted to jump over the tag as opposed to sliding around it. ESPN ranks this play as the 45th most memorable moment of the last 25 years. It would be replayed countless times over the following years, most recently as part of filmmaker Ken Burns's documentary The Tenth Inning in late September 2010.", "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009. He was assigned to their AAA affiliate, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. Giambi chose to wear the number 23 for his jersey's number. His first RBI with the Rockies came in the form of a bases loaded walk in his first plate appearance on September 1, 2009, after being promoted to the club upon roster expansion earlier that day. That year, he had many clutch hits which kept the Rockies in contention for the National League Wild Card. He quickly became a fan favorite in Colorado. On January 23, 2010, Giambi reached an agreement to return to the Colorado Rockies. On September 12 Giambi hit a walk-off home run against the Arizona Diamondbacks, extending the winning streak for the Rockies to 10 games. The Colorado Rockies announced on January 17, 2011 a deal to put Giambi in the team's minor league organization with a spring training invite for the 2011 season. Giambi made the 2011 Opening Day roster out of spring training. On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career. The three home runs came in his first three at-bats. Giambi is also the second oldest player to accomplish the feat; at age 41, Stan Musial was the oldest player to hit three home runs in one game on July 8, 1962. Giambi became a free agent after the 2012 season and was a finalist for the Rockies major league managerial opening, which eventually went to Walt Weiss. Giambi was offered the position of Colorado's hitting coach but turned it down.", "Jeremy Giambi Jeremy Dean Giambi (; born September 30, 1974) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, and Boston Red Sox, from through . Giambi also played in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago White Sox organizations. He is the younger brother of former MLB player Jason Giambi. Like his older brother Jason, Jeremy Giambi attended South Hills High School, Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina, California, and Covina Elementary School in Covina, California. He attended California State University, Fullerton and played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. In 1996 and 1997 he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Bourne Braves. The Kansas City Royals selected Giambi in the sixth round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft. Giambi started off his Major League career playing for the Royals, for whom he played for parts of two seasons. He was mentioned in Michael Lewis's book \"Moneyball\" as one of the replacement players for his older brother, Jason and became a character in the film that starred Brad Pitt. Despite his off field troubles, Jeremy was looked at by Billy Beane, the general manager of the Oakland Athletics, because of his plate discipline. The Athletics had acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for Brett Laxton prior to the 2000 season. During the 2002 season, the Athletics traded Giambi to the Philadelphia Phillies for John Mabry. After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the Boston Red Sox for Josh Hancock. He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.", "Late in 2003, Giambi was named by FBI officers investigating the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) as being one of the baseball players believed to have received anabolic steroids from trainer Greg Anderson. In December 2004, the San Francisco Chronicle reported it had seen Giambi's 2003 grand jury testimony in the BALCO investigation. The newspaper said that in his testimony, Giambi admitted to using several different steroids during the off-seasons from 2001 to 2003, and injecting himself with human growth hormone during the 2003 season. In a press conference prior to the 2005 season, Giambi apologized publicly to the media and his fans, though he did not specifically state what for. The lawyer who illegally leaked the testimony later pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison. Giambi apologized again on May 16, 2007, this time specifically for using steroids, and urged others in the sport to do the same. \"I was wrong for using that stuff\", he told USA Today. \"What we should have done a long time ago was stand up--players, ownership, everybody--and said, 'We made a mistake.'\" When asked why he used steroids, Giambi responded: \"Maybe one day I'll talk about it, but not now.\" Giambi did speak with George J. Mitchell, after being forced to do so by Bud Selig. Subsequently, in December 2007, the Mitchell Report included Giambi along with his brother Jeremy Giambi, who also admitted to using steroids during his career. The prosecution in the Barry Bonds perjury case indicated they intended to call both Jason and Jeremy Giambi to testify against Bonds in his March 2009 trial.", "In the summer of 2003, USADA investigators received a syringe with trace amounts of a mysterious substance. The anonymous tipster was Trevor Graham, sprint coach to Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. The syringe went to Don Catlin, MD, the founder and then-director of the UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, who had developed a testing process for the substance, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG). He tested 550 existing samples from athletes, of which 20 proved to fail for THG. Athletes including Kelli White, British sprinter Dwain Chambers, shot putter Kevin Toth, middle distance runner Regina Jacobs, and hammer throwers John McEwen and Melissa Price were subsequently incriminated in the investigation. The former American League MVP admitted to steroid use as well as HGH use in front of a grand jury in December 2003. Jason Giambi first became connected with BALCO after inquiring with Greg Anderson about Barry Bonds' training regimen. The much publicized leak of court documents which were said to contain this admission led to a tarnishing of Giambi's career, yet because he never actually failed a drug test, Giambi has, thus far, avoided punishment from Major League Baseball. Giambi subsequently made a few apologies to the media, the most direct of which may have come on May 16, 2007, when he told USA Today, \"I was wrong for using that stuff... what we should have done a long time ago was stand up \u2014 players, ownership, everybody - and said 'we made a mistake.' \" His younger brother Jeremy, a fellow major leaguer and former teammate of Giambi's on the Oakland A's, was also involved in receiving supplements from BALCO, and has admitted to using steroids during his career."], "answer": {"text": "the Philadelphia Phillies,", "answer_start": 1069}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In regards to Jason Giambi, what was the colorado rockies about?", "answer": {"text": "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was that successful?", "answer": {"text": "On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career.", "answer_start": 1044, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a880f74c0c1f44a09e42f9905295385d_1_q#3", "question": "what were his stats during this time period", "rewrite": "what were Jason Giambi's stats during the time period of 2009-2012?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Erik Hiljus walked two with two outs to load the bases, then Williams hit a two-run single off Mike Magnante. In the ninth, David Justice tripled with one out off Jeff Tam and scored on Williams' double, his fifth RBI of the game. After moving to third on a groundout, he scored on Jorge Posada's single as the Yankees 9\u20132 win forced a Game 5 in New York. Yankee Stadium (I) in Bronx, New York In Game 5, RBI singles by Jason Giambi in the first and Jeremy Giambi in the second off Roger Clemens, both coming after leadoff doubles, put Oakland up 2\u20130. In the bottom of the second, the Yankees loaded the bases off Mark Mulder on two singles and a hit-by-pitch before Alfonso Soriano's two-run single tied the game. Next inning, two errors by Oakland allowed the Yankees to go up 3\u20132. Next inning, Chuck Knoblauch hit a leadoff single, reached second on an error, moved to third on a sacrifice bunt, and scored on Derek Jeter's sacrifice fly. The A's cut the Yankees lead to 4\u20133 on Jason Giambi's single with two on off Mike Stanton, but the Yankees got that run back off Tim Hudson on David Justice's home run in the sixth. Roger Clemens pitched just innings, but the bullpen pitched well as Mariano Rivera closed it out to send the Yankees to the ALCS for the fourth straight season. For Oakland, it marked the second straight season they lost the ALDS to the Yankees in five games. The Yankees became the first MLB team to win a division series after losing the first two games at home. The San Francisco Giants would follow in 2012 and Toronto Blue Jays in 2015.", "Both scored on Jason Giambi's single and Mariano Rivera pitched two perfect innings for the save. The Yankees' 4\u20131 win tied the series heading to Minnesota. Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota The Yankees struck first in Game 3 on Hideki Matsui's two-run home run in the second off Kyle Lohse. They added another run next inning on Bernie Williams's single that scored Juan Rivera from second. A. J. Pierzynski's leadoff home run in the bottom of the inning off Roger Clemens cut the lead to 3\u20131, but neither team scored after that with Mariano Rivera again pitching two perfect innings for a save as the Yankees took a 2\u20131 series lead. Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota In the fourth, Jason Giambi doubled with one out, then scored on Bernie Williams's double. After Jorge Posada singled, Hideki Matsui's ground-rule double scored Williams. Aaron Boone popped out before Juan Rivera was intentionally walked to load the bases. Nick Johnson's double scored two more and knocked Johan Santana out of the game. Juan Rincon in relief allowed a two-run single to Alfonso Soriano, then walked Derek Jeter and Giambi to load the bases again. Eric Milton relieved Rincon and got Williams to ground out to end the inning. The Twins got on the board in the bottom of the inning on three consecutive singles off David Wells, the last of which by Michael Cuddyer scored Torii Hunter, but could not score again off Wells or Gabe White. The Yankees added a run in the eighth off LaTroy Hawkins when Boone hit a lead off single, stole second and scored on Juan Rivera's bunt single that was misplayed by Hawkins. Jeter's home run in the ninth off", "Jeremy Giambi Jeremy Dean Giambi (; born September 30, 1974) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, and Boston Red Sox, from through . Giambi also played in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago White Sox organizations. He is the younger brother of former MLB player Jason Giambi. Like his older brother Jason, Jeremy Giambi attended South Hills High School, Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina, California, and Covina Elementary School in Covina, California. He attended California State University, Fullerton and played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. In 1996 and 1997 he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Bourne Braves. The Kansas City Royals selected Giambi in the sixth round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft. Giambi started off his Major League career playing for the Royals, for whom he played for parts of two seasons. He was mentioned in Michael Lewis's book \"Moneyball\" as one of the replacement players for his older brother, Jason and became a character in the film that starred Brad Pitt. Despite his off field troubles, Jeremy was looked at by Billy Beane, the general manager of the Oakland Athletics, because of his plate discipline. The Athletics had acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for Brett Laxton prior to the 2000 season. During the 2002 season, the Athletics traded Giambi to the Philadelphia Phillies for John Mabry. After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the Boston Red Sox for Josh Hancock. He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.", "Bonds and Clemens received less than half the number of votes needed, and some voters stated that they would not vote for any first-time candidate who played during the steroid era\u2014whether accused of using banned substances or not\u2014because of the effect the substances had on baseball. In 2002, a major scandal arose when it was discovered that a company called BALCO (Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative), owned by Victor Conte, had been producing so-called \"designer steroids\", (specifically \"the clear\" and \"the cream\") which are steroids that could not be detected through drug tests at that time. In addition, the company had connections to several San Francisco Bay Area sports trainers and athletes, including the trainers of Jason Giambi and Barry Bonds. This revelation lead to a vast criminal investigation into BALCO's connections with athletes from baseball and many other sports. Among the many athletes who have been linked to BALCO are Olympic sprinters Tim Montgomery and Marion Jones, Olympic shot-putter C. J. Hunter, and Major League Baseball players Jason Giambi and Barry Bonds. During grand jury testimony in December 2003\u2014which was illegally leaked to the San Francisco Chronicle and published in December 2004\u2014Giambi allegedly admitted to using many different steroids, including fertility drugs (which could account for his declining health in the past few years). The reports that came from the San Francisco Chronicle were done by Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams, who revealed that the Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative did not merely manufacture nutritional supplements, but also distributed exotic steroids. Williams and Fairanu-Wada also provided compelling evidence that Bonds, arguably the greatest player of his generation, was one of BALCO's steroid clients. The paper reported that these substances were probably designer steroids.", "In the summer of 2003, USADA investigators received a syringe with trace amounts of a mysterious substance. The anonymous tipster was Trevor Graham, sprint coach to Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. The syringe went to Don Catlin, MD, the founder and then-director of the UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, who had developed a testing process for the substance, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG). He tested 550 existing samples from athletes, of which 20 proved to fail for THG. Athletes including Kelli White, British sprinter Dwain Chambers, shot putter Kevin Toth, middle distance runner Regina Jacobs, and hammer throwers John McEwen and Melissa Price were subsequently incriminated in the investigation. The former American League MVP admitted to steroid use as well as HGH use in front of a grand jury in December 2003. Jason Giambi first became connected with BALCO after inquiring with Greg Anderson about Barry Bonds' training regimen. The much publicized leak of court documents which were said to contain this admission led to a tarnishing of Giambi's career, yet because he never actually failed a drug test, Giambi has, thus far, avoided punishment from Major League Baseball. Giambi subsequently made a few apologies to the media, the most direct of which may have come on May 16, 2007, when he told USA Today, \"I was wrong for using that stuff... what we should have done a long time ago was stand up \u2014 players, ownership, everybody - and said 'we made a mistake.' \" His younger brother Jeremy, a fellow major leaguer and former teammate of Giambi's on the Oakland A's, was also involved in receiving supplements from BALCO, and has admitted to using steroids during his career."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In regards to Jason Giambi, what was the colorado rockies about?", "answer": {"text": "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was that successful?", "answer": {"text": "On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career.", "answer_start": 1044, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did giambi play against that day?", "answer": {"text": "the Philadelphia Phillies,", "answer_start": 1069, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a880f74c0c1f44a09e42f9905295385d_1_q#4", "question": "anything else about this time period I should know about?", "rewrite": "Besides playing with the Rockies,anything else about the 2009-2012 time period I should know about?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The truth is that he raised Nature to the rank of God by conceiving Nature as the fulness of reality, as the One and All. He rejected the specious simplicity obtainable by denying the reality of Matter, or of Mind, or of God. The cosmic system comprehends them all. In fact, God and Nature become identical when each is conceived as the Perfect Self-Existent. This constitutes Spinoza's \"Pantheism\". According to Spinoza, God has \"attributes\". One attribute is 'extension', another attribute is 'thought', and there are infinitely many such attributes. Since Spinoza holds that to exist is to \"act\", some readers take 'extension' to refer to an activity characteristic of bodies (for example, the active process of taking up space, exercising physical power, or resisting a change of place or shape). They take 'thought' to refer to the activity that is characteristic of minds, namely thinking, the exercise of mental power. Each attribute has modes. All bodies are modes of extension, and all ideas are modes of thought. Spinoza's ideas relating to the character and structure of reality are expressed by him in terms of \"substance\", \"attributes\", and \"modes\". These terms are very old and familiar, but not in the sense in which Spinoza employs them. To understand Spinoza, it is necessary to lay aside all preconceptions about them, and follow Spinoza closely. Spinoza found it impossible to understand the finite, dependent, transient objects and events of experience without assuming some reality not dependent on anything else but self-existent, not produced by anything else but eternal, not restricted or limited by anything else but infinite. Such an uncaused, self-sustaining reality he called \"substance\".", "Anachronism An anachronism (from the Greek , \"against\" and , \"time\") is a chronological inconsistency in some arrangement, especially a juxtaposition of persons, events, objects, or customs from different periods. The most common type of anachronism is an object misplaced in time, but it may be a verbal expression, a technology, a philosophical idea, a musical style, a material, a plant or animal, a custom, or anything else associated with a particular period that is placed outside its proper temporal domain. An anachronism may be either intentional or unintentional. Intentional anachronisms may be introduced into a literary or artistic work to help a contemporary audience engage more readily with a historical period. Anachronism can also be used for purposes of rhetoric, comedy, or shock. Unintentional anachronisms may occur when a writer, artist, or performer is unaware of differences in technology, language, customs, attitudes, or fashions between different historical eras. A parachronism (from the Greek , \"on the side\", and , \"time\") is anything that appears in a time period in which it is not normally found (though not sufficiently out of place as to be impossible). This may be an object, idiomatic expression, technology, philosophical idea, musical style, material, custom, or anything else so closely bound to a particular time period as to seem strange when encountered in a later era. They may be objects or ideas that were once common but are now considered rare or inappropriate. They can take the form of obsolete technology or outdated fashion or idioms. Examples of parachronisms could include a suburban housewife in the United States around 1960 using a washboard for laundry", "A fil\u00e9 gumbo is thickened with dried sassafras leaves after the stew has finished cooking, a practice borrowed from the Choctaw Indians. The backbone of a gumbo is roux of which there are two variations: Cajun, a golden brown roux, and Creole, a dark roux, which is made of flour, toasted until well-browned, and fat or oil. The classic gumbo is made with chicken and the Cajun sausage called andouille, pronounced {ahn-doo-wee}, but the ingredients vary according to what is available. Jambalaya - Another classic Cajun dish is jambalaya. The only certain thing that can be said about a jambalaya is that it contains rice, some sort of meat (such as chicken or beef), seafood (such as shrimp or crawfish) or almost anything else. Usually, however, one will find green peppers, onions, celery, tomatoes and hot chili peppers. Anything else is optional. This is also a great pre-Acadian dish, established by the Spanish in Louisiana. Rice and gravy - Rice and gravy dishes are a staple of Cajun cuisine and is usually a brown gravy based on pan drippings, which are deglazed and simmered with extra seasonings and served over steamed or boiled rice. The dish is traditionally made from cheaper cuts of meat and cooked in a cast iron pot, typically for an extended time period in order to let the tough cuts of meat become tender. Beef, pork, chicken or any of a large variety of game meats are used for its preparation. Popular local varieties include hamburger steak, smothered rabbit, turkey necks, and chicken fricassee.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001."], "answer": {"text": "Giambi became a free agent after the 2012 season", "answer_start": 1393}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "In regards to Jason Giambi, what was the colorado rockies about?", "answer": {"text": "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was that successful?", "answer": {"text": "On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career.", "answer_start": 1044, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did giambi play against that day?", "answer": {"text": "the Philadelphia Phillies,", "answer_start": 1069, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were his stats during this time period", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a880f74c0c1f44a09e42f9905295385d_1_q#5", "question": "who were his clients?", "rewrite": "who were Giambi's clients?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Late in 2003, Giambi was named by FBI officers investigating the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) as being one of the baseball players believed to have received anabolic steroids from trainer Greg Anderson. In December 2004, the San Francisco Chronicle reported it had seen Giambi's 2003 grand jury testimony in the BALCO investigation. The newspaper said that in his testimony, Giambi admitted to using several different steroids during the off-seasons from 2001 to 2003, and injecting himself with human growth hormone during the 2003 season. In a press conference prior to the 2005 season, Giambi apologized publicly to the media and his fans, though he did not specifically state what for. The lawyer who illegally leaked the testimony later pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to 2 and a half years in prison. Giambi apologized again on May 16, 2007, this time specifically for using steroids, and urged others in the sport to do the same. \"I was wrong for using that stuff\", he told USA Today. \"What we should have done a long time ago was stand up--players, ownership, everybody--and said, 'We made a mistake.'\" When asked why he used steroids, Giambi responded: \"Maybe one day I'll talk about it, but not now.\" Giambi did speak with George J. Mitchell, after being forced to do so by Bud Selig. Subsequently, in December 2007, the Mitchell Report included Giambi along with his brother Jeremy Giambi, who also admitted to using steroids during his career. The prosecution in the Barry Bonds perjury case indicated they intended to call both Jason and Jeremy Giambi to testify against Bonds in his March 2009 trial.", "In the summer of 2003, USADA investigators received a syringe with trace amounts of a mysterious substance. The anonymous tipster was Trevor Graham, sprint coach to Marion Jones and Tim Montgomery. The syringe went to Don Catlin, MD, the founder and then-director of the UCLA Olympic Analytical Laboratory, who had developed a testing process for the substance, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG). He tested 550 existing samples from athletes, of which 20 proved to fail for THG. Athletes including Kelli White, British sprinter Dwain Chambers, shot putter Kevin Toth, middle distance runner Regina Jacobs, and hammer throwers John McEwen and Melissa Price were subsequently incriminated in the investigation. The former American League MVP admitted to steroid use as well as HGH use in front of a grand jury in December 2003. Jason Giambi first became connected with BALCO after inquiring with Greg Anderson about Barry Bonds' training regimen. The much publicized leak of court documents which were said to contain this admission led to a tarnishing of Giambi's career, yet because he never actually failed a drug test, Giambi has, thus far, avoided punishment from Major League Baseball. Giambi subsequently made a few apologies to the media, the most direct of which may have come on May 16, 2007, when he told USA Today, \"I was wrong for using that stuff... what we should have done a long time ago was stand up \u2014 players, ownership, everybody - and said 'we made a mistake.' \" His younger brother Jeremy, a fellow major leaguer and former teammate of Giambi's on the Oakland A's, was also involved in receiving supplements from BALCO, and has admitted to using steroids during his career.", "Jeremy Giambi Jeremy Dean Giambi (; born September 30, 1974) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and first baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies, and Boston Red Sox, from through . Giambi also played in Minor League Baseball (MiLB) in the Los Angeles Dodgers and Chicago White Sox organizations. He is the younger brother of former MLB player Jason Giambi. Like his older brother Jason, Jeremy Giambi attended South Hills High School, Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina, California, and Covina Elementary School in Covina, California. He attended California State University, Fullerton and played college baseball for the Cal State Fullerton Titans. In 1996 and 1997 he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Bourne Braves. The Kansas City Royals selected Giambi in the sixth round of the 1996 Major League Baseball Draft. Giambi started off his Major League career playing for the Royals, for whom he played for parts of two seasons. He was mentioned in Michael Lewis's book \"Moneyball\" as one of the replacement players for his older brother, Jason and became a character in the film that starred Brad Pitt. Despite his off field troubles, Jeremy was looked at by Billy Beane, the general manager of the Oakland Athletics, because of his plate discipline. The Athletics had acquired Giambi from the Royals in exchange for Brett Laxton prior to the 2000 season. During the 2002 season, the Athletics traded Giambi to the Philadelphia Phillies for John Mabry. After the 2002 season, the Phillies traded Giambi to the Boston Red Sox for Josh Hancock. He last played in the majors in 2003 for the Red Sox.", "Oakland scored first on a Ron Gant homer in the fourth---just as McCartney was shown on tv---and tacked on an insurance run off Mariano Rivera in the top of the ninth when Johnny Damon tripled with one out and scored on Scott Brosius's error. Jason Isringhausen got the save for the second straight night as the Yankees got the first two runners on base before wasting three opportunities to tie or win it. The Yankees were now in a two games to none hole and the Athletics were just one win away from advancing to the ALCS for the first time since 1992. Network Associates Coliseum in Oakland, California This series is notable for a defensive play in the seventh inning of Game 3. With Oakland leading the five-game series two games to none, on the verge of completing a sweep, the Yankees took a 1\u20130 lead into the bottom of the seventh inning behind a strong performance from Mike Mussina and Jorge Posada's home run in the fifth (Shane Spencer followed with a double for the Yankees' only other hit of the game). With two outs and Jeremy Giambi on first base, Terrence Long hit a line drive into the right field corner. With Giambi rounding third base, right fielder Shane Spencer's throw missed both cut-off men. It appeared that Giambi would score easily, tying the game, when the shortstop Derek Jeter, while running across the diamond, reached out, cradled the ball, and shovel passed it to catcher Jorge Posada. Posada tagged Giambi, who attempted to jump over the tag as opposed to sliding around it. ESPN ranks this play as the 45th most memorable moment of the last 25 years. It would be replayed countless times over the following years, most recently as part of filmmaker Ken Burns's documentary The Tenth Inning in late September 2010.", "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009. He was assigned to their AAA affiliate, the Colorado Springs Sky Sox. Giambi chose to wear the number 23 for his jersey's number. His first RBI with the Rockies came in the form of a bases loaded walk in his first plate appearance on September 1, 2009, after being promoted to the club upon roster expansion earlier that day. That year, he had many clutch hits which kept the Rockies in contention for the National League Wild Card. He quickly became a fan favorite in Colorado. On January 23, 2010, Giambi reached an agreement to return to the Colorado Rockies. On September 12 Giambi hit a walk-off home run against the Arizona Diamondbacks, extending the winning streak for the Rockies to 10 games. The Colorado Rockies announced on January 17, 2011 a deal to put Giambi in the team's minor league organization with a spring training invite for the 2011 season. Giambi made the 2011 Opening Day roster out of spring training. On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career. The three home runs came in his first three at-bats. Giambi is also the second oldest player to accomplish the feat; at age 41, Stan Musial was the oldest player to hit three home runs in one game on July 8, 1962. Giambi became a free agent after the 2012 season and was a finalist for the Rockies major league managerial opening, which eventually went to Walt Weiss. Giambi was offered the position of Colorado's hitting coach but turned it down."], "answer": {"text": "Giambi was offered the position of Colorado's hitting coach but turned it down.", "answer_start": 1547}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "In regards to Jason Giambi, what was the colorado rockies about?", "answer": {"text": "Looking for a veteran bat to help their playoff push, the Rockies agreed to a deal with Giambi on August 23, 2009.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was that successful?", "answer": {"text": "On May 19, 2011, against the Philadelphia Phillies, Giambi hit three home runs in one game, the first such game for him of his career.", "answer_start": 1044, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did giambi play against that day?", "answer": {"text": "the Philadelphia Phillies,", "answer_start": 1069, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what were his stats during this time period", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "anything else about this time period I should know about?", "answer": {"text": "Giambi became a free agent after the 2012 season", "answer_start": 1393, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d29068e513643709ac527ea6e32e296_1_q#0", "question": "When did MC Hammer begin his music career?", "rewrite": "When did MC Hammer begin his music career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Dance (Ass) \"Dance (Ass)\", often stylized \"Dance (A$$)\", is a song by American rapper Big Sean, released as the third single from his debut studio album, \"Finally Famous\" (2011). It was added to urban radio formats on September 20, 2011 as the album's third official single. The official remix of the song features Nicki Minaj. The song uses sample audio from MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics. \" The Boston Globe\" commented on the track by saying it is \"stale stripper anthem out of synch with what surrounds it. The production is heavy on vocal hooks, synths, and chattering beats, but the focus is Sean\u2019s wit and insistent flow.\" \"The New York Times\" complimented the song's use of MC Hammer's \"U Can't Touch This\" and further went on to say that the song \"basically cribs its chorus (uncredited) from the oeuvre of DJ Assault, the Detroit ghettotech innovator. Nowhere does Big Sean sound more confident or hilarious.\" \"The A.V. Club\" gave a positive review of the track and called it freewheeling, fast-footed, and full of swagger. \" The Village Voice\" complimented Sean's performance on the track and said \"he took his microphone and turned it into an extension of his phallus, waving it down there like a gleeful toddler as the track imbued new meaning to MC Hammer's signature phrase 'Hammer Time', released in 1990 to the artist Hammer Time.\" Ology commented on the song by calling it a positive minority in the album and complimented the \"flow-flip\" and \"low bass tones\" in the song. HipHopDX"], "answer": {"text": "Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_4d29068e513643709ac527ea6e32e296_1_q#1", "question": "What was the group name?", "rewrite": "What was the Christian rap music group name formed by MC Hammer before his successful music career?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys. Some songs produced were called \"Word\" and \"B-Boy Chill\". \"The Wall\", featuring Burrell (it was originally within the lyrics of this song he first identified himself as K.B. and then eventually M.C. Hammer once it was produced), was later released on Gibson's album Change of Heart (1988). This was Contemporary Christian music's first rap hit ever. Burrell also produced \"Son of the King\" at that time, releasing it on his debut album. \"Son of the King\" showed up on Hammer's debut album Feel My Power (1987), as well as the re-released version Let's Get It Started (1988). With exception to later remixes of early releases, Hammer produced and recorded many rap songs that were never made public, yet are now available on the Internet. Via his record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and FullBlast, Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Ho Frat Hoo!, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, DASIT (as seen on ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show), Teabag, Common Unity, Geeman and Pleasure Ellis; both collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career. At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "Christian hip hop Christian hip hop (originally gospel rap, also known as Christian rap, gospel hip hop or holy hip hop) is a subgenre of hip hop music characterized by a Christian worldview, with the general purposes of evangelization (Christian mission work), edifying some members of the church and/or simply entertaining. Christian hip hop music emerged from urban communities in the United States in the 1980s, when it existed almost exclusively in small underground scenes, with minimal formal industry promotion and little mainstream attention. It emphasizes the use of positive and uplifting messages to promote faith and belief. Christian hip hop music, blending rhythmic music and faith-based lyrics, first emerged on record in 1982 with a track entitled \"Jesus Christ (The Gospel Beat)\" by Queens, New York artist McSweet. The first full-length, Christian hip hop album, \"Bible Break\", by Oklahoma artist Stephen Wiley, was released in 1985 with the title track becoming a hit on Christian radio in 1986. Other early Christian hip recording artists from the mid-1980s included P.I.D. (Preachas in Disguise), who recorded to funky rock rhythms, as well as JC & the Boys and Michael Peace. The most prominent Christian rappers have been tobyMac, who was the first rapper to have success in the mainstream Christian music scene, and Lecrae, who has emerged recently on the mainstream rap scene. Christian rap has almost exclusively come out of Protestant traditions in the United States, although there is a small Catholic rap scene that has recently emerged, and there are also small Christian rap scenes in the UK, Australia, Brazil, Canada and many other countries where Christians reside and where hip hop music is popular. The first commercially released and distributed Gospel hip hop record was by Queens, New York MC Pete Harrison, under the recording name 'McSweet',", "MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him. In 1992, Doug E. Fresh was signed to M.C. Hammer's Bust It Records label. Before Hammer's successful career (with his mainstream/commercial popularity lasting approximately between the mid-1980s until the late-1990s) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed the Christian rap music group Holy Ghost Boys. Some songs produced were called \"Word\" and \"B-Boy Chill\". \" The Wall\", featuring Burrell (it was originally within the lyrics of this song he first identified himself as \"K.B.\" and then eventually M.C. Hammer once it was produced), was later released by Jon Gibson (aka \"J.G.\"). This was Contemporary Christian music's first rap hit ever (by anyone), in particular by a Caucasian (Gibson) and/or from a duo. The track appeared on Gibson's album \"Change of Heart\" (1988), and \"Son of the King\" showed up on Hammer's debut album \" Feel My Power\" (1987) as well as the re-released version \"Let's Get It Started\" (1988). Burrell, along with Tramaine Hawkins, performed with Gibson's band doing several concerts in various venues such as the Beverly Theatre in Beverly Hills. In late 2012, Hammer appeared with Psy at the 40th American Music Awards and during \"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\" performing a mashup of \"Gangnam Style\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" together, which was released on iTunes. Hammer released \"Raider Nation (Oakland Raiders Anthem)\" along with a video in late 2013 and", "The album played a key role in hip hop's mainstream emergence in 1990, dubbed by \"Billboard\" editor Paul Grein as \"the year that rap exploded\". In a 1990 article on its commercial breakthrough, Janice C. Thompson of \"Time\" wrote that hip hop \"has grown into the most exciting development in American pop music in more than a decade.\" Thompson noted the impact of Public Enemy's 1989 single \"Fight the Power\", rapper Tone L\u014dc's single Wild Thing being the best-selling single of 1989, and that at the time of her article, nearly a third of the songs on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 were hip hop songs. In a similar 1990 article, Robert Hilburn of the \"Los Angeles Times\" put hip hop music's commercial emergence into perspective: In 1990, also while working with the rap group Snap!, Ronald \"Bee-Stinger\" Savage a former member of the Zulu Nation is credited for carving the term \"Six elements of the Hip Hop Movement\" by being inspired by Public Enemy's recordings. The \"Six Elements Of The Hip Hop Movement\" are: Consciousness Awareness, Civil Rights Awareness, Activism Awareness, Justice, Political Awareness, Community Awareness in music. Ronald Savage is known as the Son of The Hip Hop Movement. MC Hammer hit mainstream success with the multi platinum album \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". The record reached #1 and the first single, \"U Can't Touch This\" charted on the top ten of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. MC Hammer became one of the most successful rappers of the early nineties and one of the first household names in the genre. The album raised rap music to a new level of popularity. It was the first hip-hop album certified diamond by the RIAA for sales of over ten million."], "answer": {"text": "Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 249}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did MC Hammer begin his music career?", "answer": {"text": "Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d29068e513643709ac527ea6e32e296_1_q#2", "question": "How long did he stay with them?", "rewrite": "How long did MC Hammer stay with Holy Ghost Boys?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Holy Ghost Preparatory School Holy Ghost Preparatory School (often shortened to Ghost, HGP, or Holy Ghost Prep) is a private Catholic college preparatory school for young men in Cornwells Heights, Bensalem, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1897 by the Spiritan missionaries. Holy Ghost Prep was founded by Father John Tuohill Murphy, C.S.Sp. in 1897 as Holy Ghost Apostolic College, a preparatory school and junior-college seminary for young men studying to become members of the religious order of the Holy Ghost Fathers and Brothers. In the 1950s, the school started to move its college-level program to Duquesne University and opened its doors to non-seminarians in 1959 for the first time. In 1967, the seminary program was discontinued, and a year later Holy Ghost Preparatory School was formed as a non-profit institution. In the 1990s, the school began a long-range planning process, which resulted in significant structural enhancements to the campus, and today its enrollment consists entirely of non-resident college-bound students. Since the arrival of Gregory J. Geruson, a 1979 alum, as the school's first lay president in 2015, the school has experienced some obvious forward momentum. Enrollment numbers are heading steadily upward, and the school's \"Vision 2020\" Strategic Plan has resulted in the building of a new STEM Tower. Step One of the STEM Tower, the Brennan Innovation Center, opened in August 2017. The rest of the STEM Tower was completed in time for the start of the 2018-19 school year. In early 2018, the school also opened the Holt Center, a campus jewel that will include a performing arts center, a multi-purpose gymnasium, music instruction rooms, and special training areas for baseball, track and field, golf, lacrosse, and rowing. The Holt Center serves Holy Ghost students but also will be available to community groups.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him. In 1992, Doug E. Fresh was signed to M.C. Hammer's Bust It Records label. Before Hammer's successful career (with his mainstream/commercial popularity lasting approximately between the mid-1980s until the late-1990s) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed the Christian rap music group Holy Ghost Boys. Some songs produced were called \"Word\" and \"B-Boy Chill\". \" The Wall\", featuring Burrell (it was originally within the lyrics of this song he first identified himself as \"K.B.\" and then eventually M.C. Hammer once it was produced), was later released by Jon Gibson (aka \"J.G.\"). This was Contemporary Christian music's first rap hit ever (by anyone), in particular by a Caucasian (Gibson) and/or from a duo. The track appeared on Gibson's album \"Change of Heart\" (1988), and \"Son of the King\" showed up on Hammer's debut album \" Feel My Power\" (1987) as well as the re-released version \"Let's Get It Started\" (1988). Burrell, along with Tramaine Hawkins, performed with Gibson's band doing several concerts in various venues such as the Beverly Theatre in Beverly Hills. In late 2012, Hammer appeared with Psy at the 40th American Music Awards and during \"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\" performing a mashup of \"Gangnam Style\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" together, which was released on iTunes. Hammer released \"Raider Nation (Oakland Raiders Anthem)\" along with a video in late 2013 and"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did MC Hammer begin his music career?", "answer": {"text": "Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the group name?", "answer": {"text": "Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 249, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d29068e513643709ac527ea6e32e296_1_q#3", "question": "What else did you find interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides MC Hammer's stay with the band Holy Ghost Boys, what else did you find interesting?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him. In 1992, Doug E. Fresh was signed to M.C. Hammer's Bust It Records label. Before Hammer's successful career (with his mainstream/commercial popularity lasting approximately between the mid-1980s until the late-1990s) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed the Christian rap music group Holy Ghost Boys. Some songs produced were called \"Word\" and \"B-Boy Chill\". \" The Wall\", featuring Burrell (it was originally within the lyrics of this song he first identified himself as \"K.B.\" and then eventually M.C. Hammer once it was produced), was later released by Jon Gibson (aka \"J.G.\"). This was Contemporary Christian music's first rap hit ever (by anyone), in particular by a Caucasian (Gibson) and/or from a duo. The track appeared on Gibson's album \"Change of Heart\" (1988), and \"Son of the King\" showed up on Hammer's debut album \" Feel My Power\" (1987) as well as the re-released version \"Let's Get It Started\" (1988). Burrell, along with Tramaine Hawkins, performed with Gibson's band doing several concerts in various venues such as the Beverly Theatre in Beverly Hills. In late 2012, Hammer appeared with Psy at the 40th American Music Awards and during \"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\" performing a mashup of \"Gangnam Style\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" together, which was released on iTunes. Hammer released \"Raider Nation (Oakland Raiders Anthem)\" along with a video in late 2013 and", "Holy Ghost Revival Holy Ghost Revival was an American rock band formed in 2001 in Bainbridge Island, Washington. Self-described as \"heavy metal/folk rock/pagan glam,\" the band had a rotating lineup of musicians. Before disbanding in 2008, the line-up included Conor Kiley (vocals, keyboard), Mikko Freeman (drums), Sebastian Sheldon (keyboard, guitar), Jakes Bayley (bass), and Johnny O'Donnell (guitar). They released a number of LPs and singles on labels such as 1965 Records. The band drew on film soundtracks and 1970s and 1980s rock, and according to \"OC Weekly\", \"the Holy Ghost's vampy, swaggering power-chords-and-pianos set their glammy theatrics to operatic punk rock melodrama.\" Frontman Conor Kiley was described by Allmusic as \"an unholy cross between Iggy Pop, Axl Rose, and Jim Morrison.\" The metal band Holy Ghost Revival was founded on Bainbridge Island, Washington state in 2001. The band started when most of the members were still in highschool. According to frontman Conor Kiley, who graduated Bainbridge High School in 2001, \"We were just high school kids that played punk rock music, glam rock and other groovy sounds. We just got together and started doing it. \" The name Holy Ghost Revival was taken from a shop sign in Seattle called The Blade, and the band got a van and began booking their own shows. Self-described as \"heavy metal folk rock/pagan glam,\" the band has had a shifting lineup. On Bainbridge Island, the band \"served as mentors to the [local glam band] Gruff Mummies. \" Early on the band released several singles and offered free 7\" vinyl records to fans.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release."], "answer": {"text": "With exception to later remixes of early releases, Hammer produced and recorded many rap songs that were never made public,", "answer_start": 841}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did MC Hammer begin his music career?", "answer": {"text": "Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the group name?", "answer": {"text": "Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 249, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay with them?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d29068e513643709ac527ea6e32e296_1_q#4", "question": "Why weren't they made public?", "rewrite": "Why weren't some of the rap songs produced by MC Hammer never made public?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["MC Hammer discography MC Hammer or simply Hammer ( born Stanley Kirk Burrell) is known for hit records including \"U Can't Touch This\", \"Pray\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" as well as his flashy dance movements, choreography and Hammer pants. His superstar-status and entertaining showmanship made him a household name and hip hop icon. Hammer has sold about 30 million albums in the US alone. He has sold more than 50 million records worldwide, breaking down numerous doors for rap music and demonstrating that hip-hop had the potential for blockbuster success. A multi-award winner, M.C. Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop-rap (incorporating elements of freestyle music), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album. Throughout his career, Hammer has managed his own recording business and created record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and Full Blast. He has introduced, signed and produced new talent (his own acts collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career) including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Common Unity, DRS, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, DASIT (as seen on \"ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show)\", Teabag, Dom Kimberley, Geeman, Pleasure Ellis, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, Ho Frat Hoo! and Wee Wee, among others. A part of additional record labels, he has associated/collaborated/recorded with VMF, Tupac Shakur, Teddy Riley, Felton Pilate, Tha Dogg Pound, Whole 9, Deion Sanders, Big Daddy Kane, BeBe & CeCe Winans and Jon Gibson, as well as others.", "Cash4Gold signed a one-year deal with UCMMA for their 2010 events, which adds to their interest in Mixed Martial Arts and sponsorship deals with Cristiane Santos (\"The Cyborg\"), Brandon Vera, Tim Kennedy, Gray Maynard, Leonard Garcia, and Damacio Page. UCMMA is an MMA organization based in the UK and has a history of more than 40 high profile, successful events. Equity partner MC Hammer and Cash4Gold teamed up to donate resources to \u201cFeed the Children\u201d to help with relief efforts following storms in the Philippines, American Samoa, Indonesia and Georgia in the U.S. They also handed out meals to families affected by the recession in the Stockton, California area. In December 2009, MC Hammer and Cash4Gold helped \u201cFeed the Children\u201d launch Breakfast2Live \u2013 \u201ca new campaign to persuade schools to put on some early morning munchies to raise cash for developing countries and support more school breakfast clubs\u201d. For the 2009 holiday season, Cash4Gold and MC Hammer handed out toys at the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Office\u2019s annual \"Toys for Tots and Teens\" event. MC Hammer and Cash4Gold also helped Essie \u201cBig Mama\u201d Reed for her annual toy give-away, presenting hundreds of pre-selected children from local nursery schools with presents and taking photographs. They were partnered with the Fort Lauderdale Police Department and Fort Lauderdale Parks & Recreation. Cash4Gold launched a new division in 2009 called \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d which caters to individual selling high-end jewelry from brand-name manufacturers. Unlike Cash4Gold, \u201cThe Estate Buyer\u201d does not base its offers on the melt value of gold in an item, but upon reselling the items. Operations for The Estate Buyer were not continued after the 2012 bankruptcy.", "Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys. Some songs produced were called \"Word\" and \"B-Boy Chill\". \"The Wall\", featuring Burrell (it was originally within the lyrics of this song he first identified himself as K.B. and then eventually M.C. Hammer once it was produced), was later released on Gibson's album Change of Heart (1988). This was Contemporary Christian music's first rap hit ever. Burrell also produced \"Son of the King\" at that time, releasing it on his debut album. \"Son of the King\" showed up on Hammer's debut album Feel My Power (1987), as well as the re-released version Let's Get It Started (1988). With exception to later remixes of early releases, Hammer produced and recorded many rap songs that were never made public, yet are now available on the Internet. Via his record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and FullBlast, Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Ho Frat Hoo!, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, DASIT (as seen on ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show), Teabag, Common Unity, Geeman and Pleasure Ellis; both collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career. At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did MC Hammer begin his music career?", "answer": {"text": "Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the group name?", "answer": {"text": "Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 249, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay with them?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "With exception to later remixes of early releases, Hammer produced and recorded many rap songs that were never made public,", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_4d29068e513643709ac527ea6e32e296_1_q#5", "question": "Anything else interesting?", "rewrite": "Besides MC Hammer's stay with the Holy Ghost Boys and some of his rap songs never being made public, anything else interesting?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group with CCM's Jon Gibson (or \"J.G.\") called Holy Ghost Boys. Some songs produced were called \"Word\" and \"B-Boy Chill\". \"The Wall\", featuring Burrell (it was originally within the lyrics of this song he first identified himself as K.B. and then eventually M.C. Hammer once it was produced), was later released on Gibson's album Change of Heart (1988). This was Contemporary Christian music's first rap hit ever. Burrell also produced \"Son of the King\" at that time, releasing it on his debut album. \"Son of the King\" showed up on Hammer's debut album Feel My Power (1987), as well as the re-released version Let's Get It Started (1988). With exception to later remixes of early releases, Hammer produced and recorded many rap songs that were never made public, yet are now available on the Internet. Via his record labels such as Bust It Records, Oaktown Records and FullBlast, Hammer has introduced, signed and produced new talent including Oaktown's 3.5.7, Ho Frat Hoo!, the vocal quintet Special Generation, Analise, James Greer, One Cause One Effect, B Angie B, The Stooge Playaz, DASIT (as seen on ego trip's The (White) Rapper Show), Teabag, Common Unity, Geeman and Pleasure Ellis; both collaborating with him and producing music of their own during his career. At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "Griffey circulated Gibson's demo tape, with people believing they were listening to Stevie Wonder (who Gibson sang \"Ebony and Ivory\" with while on tour in 1983). Gibson released his debut album \"Standing on the One\" (1983) with Constellation and produced the 1983 single \"She Told Me So\" via Elektra Records (including a music video that premiered on MTV). Gibson, however, being torn between his desire for pop stardom and his need to give testimony to his faith, entered the Christian music industry when he signed with Frontline Records in 1986. Gibson's second album \" On the Run\" (1986) was well received, rendering his first No. 1 single in Contemporary Christian music on Christian radio, entitled \"God Loves a Broken Heart\". It became the first of a string of over 20 Top Ten CCM Hits. Gibson also experienced success with the No. 1 single \"Friend in You\", a ballad which is one of CCM's classic hit songs, from \"Change of Heart\". On this album, he did a cover of \"Yah Mo B There\", a song originally performed by James Ingram and Michael McDonald, and co-written by Rod Temperton and Quincy Jones. Although his first rap solo was 1986's \"Ain't It Pretty\" from the album \" On the Run\", Gibson wrote and produced the first rap hit in CCM history (by anyone) called \"The Wall\" featuring M.C. Hammer (it was originally within the lyrics of this song that Stanley Kirk Burrell - or \"K.B.\" - first identified himself as M.C. Hammer and Gibson as \"J.G.\"). Prior to this time, he was a part of Hammer's gospel rap group Holy Ghost Boys, with songs having been produced before being released on their respective albums.", "Pray (MC Hammer song) \"Pray\" was the third single released from MC Hammer's third album, \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\". Produced by MC Hammer himself, the song heavily samples Prince's smash-hit song, \"When Doves Cry\", the first and one of the few songs legally sanctioned by Prince to incorporate samples of one of his compositions. The track also samples Faith No More's \"We Care a Lot\". \"Pray\" became Hammer's biggest hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it peaked at number two (kept from the top spot by Mariah Carey's \"Love Takes Time\"), becoming a Top-20 hit in nine countries. The track helped make \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em\" the number one album of the year. In the U. S., the song was certified gold on November 26, 1990, with sales over 500,000 copies. This hit single (accompanied with music videos) became one of Hammer's most popular songs and has appeared on several compilation albums, including \"Greatest Hits\", \"Back 2 Back Hits\" and \"The Hits\". It also appeared in \"Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em: The Movie\" (1990). The word \"pray\" is mentioned 147 times during the song, setting the record for the number of times a song title is repeated in an \"American Top 40\" hit.", "Hammerman  Hammerman is a Saturday morning cartoon, produced by DIC Animation City in association with Reteitalia and Telecinco starring pop rapper MC Hammer, which aired for thirteen episodes on ABC in the fall of 1991. Youth center worker Stanley Burrell (Hammer's real name) owns a pair of magical dancing shoes (which are alive and can speak), which when worn cause Burrell to transform into the superhero Hammerman. He frequently gets advice from his \"Gramps\", who was a former owner of the shoes and was known as Soulman. While in the guise of Hammerman, Burrell was dressed in MC Hammer's signature purple Hammer pants and myriad golden chains. The show was hosted by the real MC Hammer, who also sang the show's theme song, telling about the origin of Hammerman. Back in the 1960s and 1970s, Gramps (Robert Nameson) was the superhero Soulman, but as he grew older, he grew weaker and was forced to retire. Gramps and his granddaughter Jodie traveled to find the next new superhero. Their search was over when they met Stanley and he put on the shoes. Each episode, Hammerman faced various social issues; at the end of each episode, a puppet version of the magic shoes would speak to a live child audience and provide methods the children could use to address these issues themselves. While the airdates and order of most episodes is unknown, \"Defeated Graffiti\", the first episode (as confirmed by MC Hammer's comments at the beginning of the episode), aired on September 7, 1991. The cartoon aired on Saturday mornings at 10 AM on ABC. From 1992 to 1993, 3 of the 13 episodes were released on VHS by Buena Vista Home Video: \"Rapoleon\", \"Defeated Graffiti\", and \"Winnie's Winner\". There are currently no plans for a DVD release.", "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him. In 1992, Doug E. Fresh was signed to M.C. Hammer's Bust It Records label. Before Hammer's successful career (with his mainstream/commercial popularity lasting approximately between the mid-1980s until the late-1990s) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed the Christian rap music group Holy Ghost Boys. Some songs produced were called \"Word\" and \"B-Boy Chill\". \" The Wall\", featuring Burrell (it was originally within the lyrics of this song he first identified himself as \"K.B.\" and then eventually M.C. Hammer once it was produced), was later released by Jon Gibson (aka \"J.G.\"). This was Contemporary Christian music's first rap hit ever (by anyone), in particular by a Caucasian (Gibson) and/or from a duo. The track appeared on Gibson's album \"Change of Heart\" (1988), and \"Son of the King\" showed up on Hammer's debut album \" Feel My Power\" (1987) as well as the re-released version \"Let's Get It Started\" (1988). Burrell, along with Tramaine Hawkins, performed with Gibson's band doing several concerts in various venues such as the Beverly Theatre in Beverly Hills. In late 2012, Hammer appeared with Psy at the 40th American Music Awards and during \"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest\" performing a mashup of \"Gangnam Style\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\" together, which was released on iTunes. Hammer released \"Raider Nation (Oakland Raiders Anthem)\" along with a video in late 2013 and"], "answer": {"text": "At about the age of 12, Oakland native Keyshia Cole recorded with Hammer and sought career advice from him.", "answer_start": 1473}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did MC Hammer begin his music career?", "answer": {"text": "Before Hammer's successful music career (with his mainstream popularity lasting approximately between 1988 and 1998) and his \"rags-to-riches-to-rags-and-back saga\", Burrell formed a Christian rap music group", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the group name?", "answer": {"text": "Holy Ghost Boys.", "answer_start": 249, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did he stay with them?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else did you find interesting?", "answer": {"text": "With exception to later remixes of early releases, Hammer produced and recorded many rap songs that were never made public,", "answer_start": 841, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why weren't they made public?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a88c4d67cad347c48cbcf2688f70c807_0_q#0", "question": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "rewrite": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Control Denied Control Denied was a band formed by death metal musician and Death founder Chuck Schuldiner to create progressive heavy metal. The band started in 1996 as Schuldiner wanted to procure a more melodic style than was possible with Death. The project was interrupted by Death's release \"The Sound of Perseverance\" in 1998, but finally the debut album \" The Fragile Art of Existence\" was released in 1999. A second album, tentatively titled \"When Man and Machine Collide\", was partly recorded, but the death of Schuldiner in 2001 put the recordings on hold. Remaining band members have expressed a wish to complete and release the material. However, there existed a longstanding legal dispute over the rights of the material with Karmageddon Media, further postponing the completion and release of the album. Part of these incomplete recordings were released without authorization in the \"Zero Tolerance\" two-part bootlegs of Chuck's B-sides and unreleased tracks. However, Schuldiner estate lawyer Eric Greif settled all matters with the label by December 2009, allowing for the possibility of completing the album. On December 4, 2010 vocalist Tim Aymar released a statement saying that plans are being made to record and release the album, stating that Jim Morris of Morrisound Studios (with whom Chuck Schuldiner recorded several albums during his career) had been in contact with Greif to begin planning and booking studio time to record the remaining parts of \"When Man and Machine Collide\". Plans were cut short by a break-in at Morrisound in the spring of 2011 that saw much of their equipment stolen, pushing back the completion of the album. As of January 2014, Greif has stated that there has been little progress towards the completion of the album other than an exploratory meeting between producer Jim Morris and guitarist Shannon Hamm.", "Death (metal band) Death was an American death metal band from Orlando, Florida, founded in 1983 by guitarist and vocalist Chuck Schuldiner. Death is considered to be among the most influential bands in heavy metal and a pioneering force in the extreme metal subgenre of death metal. Their debut album, \"Scream Bloody Gore\", has been widely regarded as the first death metal record (although there is some dispute to that claim as Possessed's debut album \"Seven Churches\" and Necrophagia's debut album \"Season of the Dead\" were released before). Death had a revolving lineup, with Schuldiner being the sole consistent member. The group's style also progressed, from the raw sound on its first two albums to a more sophisticated one in its later stage. The band ceased to exist after Schuldiner died of glioma and pneumonia in December 2001, but remains an enduring influence on heavy metal. Founded in 1983 by Chuck Schuldiner under the original name of Mantas in Orlando, Florida, Death was among the more widely known early pioneers of the death metal sound, along with California's Possessed. In the late 80s, the band was both a part of and integral in defining the death metal scene which gained international recognition with the release of albums by a number of area acts. Together with Kam Lee (Barney Kamalani Lee), and Rick Rozz (Frederick DeLillo), Schuldiner started to compose songs that were released on several rehearsal tapes in 1984. These tapes, along with the \"Death by Metal\" demo, circulated through the tape-trader world, quickly establishing the band's name. In 1984, Schuldiner dissolved Mantas and quickly started a new band under the name Death.", "Shannon Hamm Shannon Hamm is a death metal guitarist who played in Death from 1996 until their break-up in 2001. He then joined Chuck Schuldiner's second band Control Denied, which ended with the death of Schuldiner in 2001. Before Death, he was a locally well known guitarist in the Texas underground metal scene. He was particularly good friends with \"Dimebag\" Darrell Abbott of Pantera and Damageplan. According to Abbott, Hamm \"out shredded\" Darrell in Pantera's glam metal days while Hamm was in a band named Metalstorm. Shannon is almost always seen playing a Jackson Soloist guitar. On December 12, 2007, Shannon Hamm played in a tribute show for the anniversary of Chuck Schuldiner's death. The show was organized by Quebec City metal promoters Capitale du Metal (English: Metal Capital, referring to Quebec City's active metal scene). Former Death guitarist Bobby Koelble and former Death bassist Scott Clendenin, along with Nicholas Barker, of Cradle of Filth and Dimmu Borgir fame, were also present at the show. Most of the guitar work and singing was performed by the members of Symbolic, a Death tribute band. The show was filmed and it is available on DVD. On October 1, 2009, it was announced that Shannon Hamm had suffered a serious heart attack while at home and was hospitalized.", "2002's follow-up \"Infiltrate\u2022Destroy\u2022Rebuild\" credited \"Deron Miller w/ Chad I Ginsburg and Jess Margera\", with Margera being omitted from the formulation for \"An Answer Can Be Found\" and \"Carver City\". In December 2002, it was announced that Miller would be working alongside guitarist James Murphy, drummer Dave Culross and vocalist Brett Hoffman on a tribute album for the band Death, to benefit the family of founding member Chuck Schuldiner. After Schuldiner's family approved the project, bassist Terry Butler, Slipknot members Mick Thomson (guitar) and Paul Gray (bass), and more joined the project, which was titled \"Within the Mind: In Homage to the Musical Legacy of Chuck Schuldiner\" and scheduled for release through Mascot Records. In addition to their collaboration on the Death tribute album, Miller and Murphy also worked together again on \"Universal Culture Shock\", the second album by Foreign Objects, released in 2004. Murphy contributed lead guitar and mastering to the album, with Miller praising the guitarist for making the album \"one thousand times better\". During the build-up to the release of CKY's third studio album \"An Answer Can Be Found\", Miller was involved in a number of controversies with the music media. First, he called out Megadeth frontman Dave Mustaine for threatening to cancel shows at which \"Satanic\" bands were also scheduled to appear, asking him to \"stop creating drama\". A few weeks later, he criticised a number of commentators on the website Blabbermouth.net for posting negative comments about CKY, describing them as \"lonely, jealous music fans\".", "Although the line-up and writing style was largely the same, Schuldiner created Control Denied in large part because he was displeased with the harsher vocals for Death. However, rather than betray what the band Death meant and sounded like to the fans, he opted to create a new band: \"For me, it is just a matter of evolving, doing it the right way. I didn't put out a Death record with this stuff on it. I made the right choice and changed the name of the band. I tried to do everything the right way.\" As Schuldiner finished Control Denied's debut album, he was diagnosed with brain cancer, forcing the band to scrap plans for a U.S. and Canadian tour. As he worked on the second release, Schuldiner's condition improved, but the tumor left him in a weakened, vulnerable state. He contracted pneumonia and was placed in a hospital. On December 13, 2001, Schuldiner was released and returned home an hour later, where he died. The second Control Denied release has yet to be completed and was mired in legal problems involving its Dutch label, the musicians and Schuldiner's sister Beth, the former of whom have publicly stated their desire to complete the album, and former manager Eric Greif representing the Estate. In 2004, Hammerheart Records released a two-part bootleg made up of old, pre-\"Scream Bloody Gore\" demos, along with partial demos of the unfinished album and live Death recordings from 1990. This was issued under the name Chuck Schuldiner, not Death or Control Denied, but its markedly unfinished state and lack of vocals led to the release not being successful, aided by Schuldiner's mother Jane's pleas for fans to stay away from it."], "answer": {"text": "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_a88c4d67cad347c48cbcf2688f70c807_0_q#1", "question": "What was their first album?", "rewrite": "What was Death as Mantas first album?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Motheo District Municipality Motheo (\"Sesotho\", meaning \"foundation\" or \"cornerstone\") was, until the municipal elections of 18 May 2011, a district of the Free State province of South Africa. At the time of the 2011 elections it was disestablished as a consequence of Mangaung Local Municipality being upgraded to a metropolitan municipality  The Motheo District Municipality Head Office was based in Bloemfontein, which also serves as the capital of the Free State Province and as the judicial capital of South Africa. The Motheo District was disestablished on 18 May 2011. When this happened, of its three constituent local municipalities, Mangaung was upgraded to become an autonomous metropolitan municipality, Naledi became part of Xhariep, and Mantsopa became part of Thabo Mofutsanyane. Motheo was surrounded by: The district was divided into three local municipalities: Mangaung, Mantsopa, and Naledi. Of these, Mangaung Local Municipality \u2014 now Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality \u2014 is the most densely populated; it features the greatest concentration of well-developed infrastructure and services in the Bloemfontein area, which offers a wide range of amenities to the surrounding rural communities. As of 2007, Mangaung Municipality had a population of 752,906 (roughly 90% of Motheo's total population). Mantsopa Local Municipality, located to the east of Mangaung, is a mixed agricultural area, with a population of 59,028 (7% of the total). Naledi Local Municipality, located to the southeast of Mangaung, is largely characterized by livestock-oriented farming, and has a population of 25,445 (3% of the total).", "The carrier carries up to eight Manta (Multirole Aircraft for Nautical Tactical Assault) remote-controlled aircraft and up to eight Walrus (Water And Land Roving Utility Shuttle) remote-controlled amphibious vehicles, although only four of each may be operational at any one time. The remote control of the Mantas and the Walruses has to be linked through the carrier, so if they go too far from the carrier the cockpit screen of them will become ghosted. If they venture even further away from the carrier, they will lose all contact with the carrier and be destroyed; the Mantas will just simply fall out of the sky. A Manta may be equipped with a long-range communications pod, allowing operation of it and any other nearby vehicles as far away from the carrier as desired. However, only one Manta may be fitted with a communications pod at any one time. The Mantas are primarily for combat use, but the Walruses are primarily used to carry payloads to the islands. Depending on the current status of the island, and its intended use, the payload might be the starting kit for a colony, or a virus bomb to convert an enemy colony to the player's side. The Mantas can be equipped with missiles that can automatically lock on to enemy targets. The Walrus vehicles can be loaded with missiles that can be manually guided into targets. Part of the appeal of the game lies in the control of these auxiliary vehicles. The player can, if desired, have all four Mantas and all four Walruses out of the carrier at once, and can pilot each personally, or program each to travel to a specific location (none of the vehicles can be programmed to perform attack or defence functions). Once arrived, a Walrus will simply wait.", "Garbanotas Bosistas  Garbanotas (The Curly One) is a Lithuanian neo-psychedelia rock and indie folk rock band which started playing in 2008. The band consists of four members, vocalist \u0160ar\u016bnas Joneikis, guitarist Mantas Joneikis, Bassist Kipras Puga\u010diukas and drummer Mantas Augustaitis. Their first EP album, \"Venera\", was released in 2012. Their first album, \"Above Us\", was released in 2015 on Pappa Goose Records. In 2016 the band won the Best Alternative Act in the Lithuanian M.A.M.A. awards. Garbanotas mainly perform in their homeland Lithuania but also toured around the Baltic states and Europe. Their next album \u201c\"Room For You\"\u201d was released on the 7th of December 2017 with two singles \u201c\"Last Summer\u2019s Day\"\u201d and \u201c\"Long Ago Far Away\"\u201d. After a year of touring and playing live across Lithuania and Europe, Garbanotas announced the release of their fourth full length album \u201cPaskutin\u0117 Saul\u0117\u201d (The Last Sun), at the start of November 2018. Also, unexpectedly Garbanotas changed their name overnight on all social media platforms from \u201cGarbanotas Bosistas\u201d to \u201cGarbanotas\u201d. Their fourth album was released on the 3rd of December 2018 which consists of only Lithuanian songs. The cover art of the album \u201c\"Paskutine Saul\u0117\"\u201d was designed by the band\u2019s lead vocalist \u0160arukas Joneikis. \u0160ar\u016bnas Joneikis and Mantas Joneikis are brothers and were both born in Vilnius. Both studied at Vilnius University. They started playing the guitar at a young age, and ultimately started creating songs in their 20s.", "Mantas were once captured by fisheries in California and Australia for their liver oil and skin; the latter were used as abrasives. Their flesh is edible and is consumed in some countries, but is unattractive compared to other fish. Demand for their gill rakers, the cartilaginous structures protecting the gills, has recently entered Chinese medicine. To fill the growing demand in Asia for gill rakers, targeted fisheries have developed in the Philippines, Indonesia, Mozambique, Madagascar, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and Tanzania. Each year, thousands of manta rays, primarily \"M. birostris\", are caught and killed purely for their gill rakers. A fisheries study in Sri Lanka and India estimated that over 1000 were being sold in the country's fish markets each year. By comparison, \"M. birostris\" populations at most of the key aggregation sites around the world are estimated to have significantly fewer than 1000 individuals. Targeted fisheries for manta rays in the Gulf of California, the west coast of Mexico, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Philippines have reduced populations in these areas dramatically. Manta rays are subject to other anthropogenic threats. Because mantas must swim constantly to flush oxygen-rich water over their gills, they are vulnerable to entanglement and subsequent suffocation. Mantas cannot swim backwards, and because of their protruding cephalic fins, are prone to entanglement in fishing lines, nets, ghost nets, and even loose mooring lines. When snared, mantas often attempt to free themselves by somersaulting, tangling themselves further. Loose, trailing line can wrap around and cut its way into its flesh, resulting in irreversible injury. Similarly, mantas become entangled in gill nets designed for smaller fish.", "On the surface, they consume large quantities of zooplankton in the form of shrimp, krill, and planktonic crabs. In deeper depths, mantas consume small to medium-sized fish. When foraging, it slowly swims around its prey, herding it into a tight \"ball\", and then speeds through the bunched organisms with a wide-open mouth. If a ball is particularly dense, a manta may somersault through it. While feeding, mantas flatten their cephalic fins to channel food into their mouths and the small particles are collected by the tissue between the gill arches. As many as 50 individual fish may gather at a single, plankton-rich feeding site. Tests have shown that around 27 percent the diet of \"M. birostris\" is from the surface while around 73 percent is at deeper depths. Mantas are themselves preyed upon by large sharks and by killer whales. They may also be bitten by cookiecutter sharks, and harbor parasitic copepods. Mantas visit cleaning stations on coral reefs for the removal of external parasites. The ray adopts a near-stationary position close to the coral surface for several minutes while the cleaner fish consume the attached organisms. Such visits most frequently occur when the tide is high. In Hawaii, wrasses provide the cleaning; some species feed around the manta's mouth and gill slits, while others address the rest of the body surface. In Mozambique, sergeant major fish clean the mouth, while butterflyfishes concentrate on bite wounds. \" M. alfredi\" visits cleaning stations more often than \"M. birostris\". Individual mantas may revisit the same cleaning station or feeding area repeatedly and appear to have cognitive maps of their environment. In 2016, scientists published a study in which manta rays were shown to exhibit behavior associated with self-awareness."], "answer": {"text": "first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore,", "answer_start": 421}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a88c4d67cad347c48cbcf2688f70c807_0_q#2", "question": "Did Scream Bloody Gore sell well?", "rewrite": "Did Scream Bloody Gore sell well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Legion of Doom\" was a longtime staple of Death's rehearsals and live shows, and was indeed the first song written, reaching back to when they were known as Mantas. Despite the many songs written during Death's demo days, only half of them were re-recorded for the album, the rest being new compositions. \"Infernal Death\" and \"Baptized in Blood\" originally appeared on the \"Infernal Death\" demo. \" Zombie Ritual\", \"Mutilation\" and \"Land of No Return\" originally appeared on the \"Mutilation\" demo, and \"Evil Dead\" and \"Beyond the Unholy Grave\" were originally on \"Death By Metal\". \" Beyond the Unholy Grave\" and \"Land of No Return\" were also cut from the album, though were included on the re-release, with the live audio tracks taken from the \"Ultimate Revenge II\" video. Certain songs on the album were inspired by horror movies. \" Regurgitated Guts\" was inspired by the 1980 film \"City of the Living Dead\" (a.k.a. \"The Gates of Hell\"), \"Beyond the Unholy Grave\" was influenced by the 1981 film \"The Beyond\", and \"Zombie Ritual\" was inspired by the 1979 film \"Zombie\", all of which were directed by Italian director Lucio Fulci. \"Scream Bloody Gore\" is often considered the first death metal album. Although some critics consider Possessed's \"Seven Churches\" to be the first death metal record, AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia suggests that \"Seven Churches\" was a transition between thrash metal and death metal, while \"Scream Bloody Gore\" defined the core elements of death metal.", "Broken Hope Broken Hope is an American death metal band from Chicago, Illinois. Broken Hope was founded in 1988. They were known as an accomplished mid-paced style death metal band with low-pitched growling vocals. As a band, they were active for roughly twelve years, recording five albums between 1991 and 1999. The early lineup of Broken Hope was Joe Ptacek (vocals), Jeremy Wagner (rhythm guitar), Brian Griffin (lead guitar), and Ryan Stanek (drums). They scored a deal with the then-fledgling Grindcore/RedLight Label and recorded their debut album, \"Swamped in Gore\". AllMusic reviewer John Book compared \"Swamped in Gore\" to Death's 1987 debut album \" Scream Bloody Gore\". Following the release of \"Swamped in Gore\", Metal Blade Records signed the band, who released their second album, \"The Bowels of Repugnance\", in 1993. The band's third album, 1995's \"Repulsive Conception\", reached \"CMJ New Music Monthly\"'s Metal Top 25 chart, as did the follow-up, 1997's \"Loathing\", an album which explored topics such as political domination, necrophilia, and safe sex. The band moved to newly formed indie Martyr Records for their fifth album, \"Grotesque Blessings\", released in 1999. Rumors of the band's demise circulated at this time, this also marks the last album Joe Ptacek was on and by April 2002, Broken Hope disbanded. In a 2007 interview, Wagner explained that several factors, including band dysfunction and a lack of support in Europe from Metal Blade, contributed to the split. Wagner added that the band members had met \"face to face\" for the first time in five years and discussed a possible reunion. On January 20, 2010, vocalist Joe Ptacek committed suicide.", "Scream Bloody Gore Scream Bloody Gore is the debut studio album by American death metal band Death, released on May 25, 1987, through Combat Records. It was considered \"the first true death metal record\". Chuck Schuldiner plays bass and guitar, wrote all the songs on the album and provided all the vocals. John Hand is noted on the cover as playing rhythm guitar, though this was incorrect and Hand was only in the band for a short period and was not on the recording. This is also the only Death album to feature drummer Chris Reifert, who had joined for the \"Mutilation\" demo. Perseverance Holdings, Ltd. and Relapse Records reissued the album on May 20, 2016, on CD, vinyl, and cassette. The album was remastered for this release, and also included the original Florida session as well as recordings of rehearsals performed in 1986. The album was actually recorded twice, with the second Los Angeles-based session being released as the complete album by label Combat Records (later Relativity). It was first recorded in Florida, although only the rhythm guitar and drum tracks were recorded. The track listing consisted of \"Torn to Pieces\", \"Legion of Doom\", \"Scream Bloody Gore\", \"Sacrificial Cunt\" (later shortened to \"Sacrificial\" because the label asked the band to do so, possibly because \"they didn't want to get P.M.R.C. on their case\"), \"Mutilation\", \"Land of No Return\", and \"Baptized in Blood\". The label were unsatisfied after hearing the initial mix, so Schuldiner and Reifert re-recorded the album in California with Randy Burns as producer. Once returning to Florida, the first session was released as a promotional tape, and was eventually bootlegged. \"", "Human (Death album) Human is the fourth studio album by American death metal band Death, released on October 22, 1991, by Relativity Records. The album marked the beginning of a major stylistic change for Death, being more technically complex and progressive than the band's previous efforts. The lyrics are more introspective when compared to the gore-based lyrics of \"Scream Bloody Gore\" and \"Leprosy\" or the social commentary on \"Spiritual Healing\". This new style would continue to evolve on all following Death albums. This is the only album to feature Cynic members Paul Masvidal on guitars and Sean Reinert on drums, and the first to feature bassist Steve DiGiorgio. Bass player Steve DiGiorgio left after the recording of this album (though he would later return to record \"Individual Thought Patterns\"). He was replaced by Scott Carino, who toured with the band in 1991 and 1992. Carino also recorded the first half of bass on \"Cosmic Sea\", and the rest of the song (including the bass solo) was recorded by DiGiorgio. In 2011, Relapse Records and Perseverance Holdings Ltd. re-issued the album to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the original release. This edition was remixed by Jim Morris of Morrisound Recording Studios, includes bonus tracks, and was authorized by Schuldiner intellectual property lawyer Eric Greif. Greif stated that it was necessary to remix the album since \"unbelievably Sony lost the original tape of the album mixes and any attempt to remaster from a CD would be a ripoff\". \"Human\" was released to critical acclaim from music publications and is seen as a pivotal release in the development of the technical death metal subgenre and on extreme metal in general. In 2017, \"Rolling Stone\" magazine placed the album as the 70th greatest metal album of all time.", "Noticing the growth of the Northern California thrash scene, Schuldiner had earlier moved Death to the Bay Area in 1985 and briefly collaborated with drummer Eric Brecht, who recently exited Texas crossover thrash band D.R.I. and would eventually join Attitude Adjustment. However, it was the Schuldiner-Reifert pairing that would lead to Death's signing to Combat Records and release of the album \"Scream Bloody Gore\", a debut regarded (alongside Possessed's \"Seven Churches\") as one of the first releases to bridge the gap between thrash and death metal, as noted earlier. Both records had been produced by Randy Burns. In 1987, shortly after the release of \"Scream Bloody Gore\" and Schuldiner's move back to Florida, Reifert would form his own endeavor, Autopsy, which has also been regarded as an early inspiration of the death metal genre. Autopsy's 1989 debut, \"Severed Survival\", would feature bassist Steve DiGiorgio, founder of Antioch, California thrash metal band Sadus; Schuldiner had also met DiGiorgio while living in the Bay Area, who would play bass for Death on the albums \"Human\" and \"Individual Thought Patterns\". Reifert's legacy within the death metal genre would be further explored on the 1992 release of \"Acts of the Unspeakable\", which featured bassist Josh Barohn, who also played bass on \"Effigy of the Forgotten\", the 1991 debut album of pioneering New York death metal band Suffocation. As different thrash metal scenes developed around the world throughout the 1980s, each had their own distinct style and influence."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore,", "answer_start": 421, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a88c4d67cad347c48cbcf2688f70c807_0_q#3", "question": "Were they performing live at that time?", "rewrite": "Were Death as Mantas performing live in 1983?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["The carrier carries up to eight Manta (Multirole Aircraft for Nautical Tactical Assault) remote-controlled aircraft and up to eight Walrus (Water And Land Roving Utility Shuttle) remote-controlled amphibious vehicles, although only four of each may be operational at any one time. The remote control of the Mantas and the Walruses has to be linked through the carrier, so if they go too far from the carrier the cockpit screen of them will become ghosted. If they venture even further away from the carrier, they will lose all contact with the carrier and be destroyed; the Mantas will just simply fall out of the sky. A Manta may be equipped with a long-range communications pod, allowing operation of it and any other nearby vehicles as far away from the carrier as desired. However, only one Manta may be fitted with a communications pod at any one time. The Mantas are primarily for combat use, but the Walruses are primarily used to carry payloads to the islands. Depending on the current status of the island, and its intended use, the payload might be the starting kit for a colony, or a virus bomb to convert an enemy colony to the player's side. The Mantas can be equipped with missiles that can automatically lock on to enemy targets. The Walrus vehicles can be loaded with missiles that can be manually guided into targets. Part of the appeal of the game lies in the control of these auxiliary vehicles. The player can, if desired, have all four Mantas and all four Walruses out of the carrier at once, and can pilot each personally, or program each to travel to a specific location (none of the vehicles can be programmed to perform attack or defence functions). Once arrived, a Walrus will simply wait.", "Manta ray Manta rays are large rays belonging to the genus \"Manta\". The larger species, \"M. birostris\", reaches in width, while the smaller, \"M. alfredi\", reaches . Both have triangular pectoral fins, horn-shaped cephalic fins and large, forward-facing mouths. They are classified among the Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives) and are placed in the family Myliobatidae (eagle rays). Mantas are found in warm temperate, subtropical and tropical waters. Both species are pelagic; \"M. birostris\" migrates across open oceans, singly or in groups, while \"M. alfredi\" tends to be resident and coastal. They are filter feeders and eat large quantities of zooplankton, which they gather with their open mouths as they swim. However, research suggests that the majority of their diet (73%) actually comes from mesopelagic sources; that is, they are actually deep sea predators, feeding on fish and other organisms that inhabit areas of the sea between below the surface. Gestation lasts over a year and mantas give birth to live pups. Mantas may visit cleaning stations for the removal of parasites. Like whales, they breach for unknown reasons. Both species are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Anthropogenic threats include pollution, entanglement in fishing nets, and direct harvesting for their gill rakers for use in Chinese medicine. Their slow reproductive rate exacerbates these threats. They are protected in international waters by the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals, but are more vulnerable closer to shore. Areas where mantas congregate are popular with tourists. Only a few public aquariums are large enough to house them.", "Mantas were once captured by fisheries in California and Australia for their liver oil and skin; the latter were used as abrasives. Their flesh is edible and is consumed in some countries, but is unattractive compared to other fish. Demand for their gill rakers, the cartilaginous structures protecting the gills, has recently entered Chinese medicine. To fill the growing demand in Asia for gill rakers, targeted fisheries have developed in the Philippines, Indonesia, Mozambique, Madagascar, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and Tanzania. Each year, thousands of manta rays, primarily \"M. birostris\", are caught and killed purely for their gill rakers. A fisheries study in Sri Lanka and India estimated that over 1000 were being sold in the country's fish markets each year. By comparison, \"M. birostris\" populations at most of the key aggregation sites around the world are estimated to have significantly fewer than 1000 individuals. Targeted fisheries for manta rays in the Gulf of California, the west coast of Mexico, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Philippines have reduced populations in these areas dramatically. Manta rays are subject to other anthropogenic threats. Because mantas must swim constantly to flush oxygen-rich water over their gills, they are vulnerable to entanglement and subsequent suffocation. Mantas cannot swim backwards, and because of their protruding cephalic fins, are prone to entanglement in fishing lines, nets, ghost nets, and even loose mooring lines. When snared, mantas often attempt to free themselves by somersaulting, tangling themselves further. Loose, trailing line can wrap around and cut its way into its flesh, resulting in irreversible injury. Similarly, mantas become entangled in gill nets designed for smaller fish.", "Motheo District Municipality Motheo (\"Sesotho\", meaning \"foundation\" or \"cornerstone\") was, until the municipal elections of 18 May 2011, a district of the Free State province of South Africa. At the time of the 2011 elections it was disestablished as a consequence of Mangaung Local Municipality being upgraded to a metropolitan municipality  The Motheo District Municipality Head Office was based in Bloemfontein, which also serves as the capital of the Free State Province and as the judicial capital of South Africa. The Motheo District was disestablished on 18 May 2011. When this happened, of its three constituent local municipalities, Mangaung was upgraded to become an autonomous metropolitan municipality, Naledi became part of Xhariep, and Mantsopa became part of Thabo Mofutsanyane. Motheo was surrounded by: The district was divided into three local municipalities: Mangaung, Mantsopa, and Naledi. Of these, Mangaung Local Municipality \u2014 now Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality \u2014 is the most densely populated; it features the greatest concentration of well-developed infrastructure and services in the Bloemfontein area, which offers a wide range of amenities to the surrounding rural communities. As of 2007, Mangaung Municipality had a population of 752,906 (roughly 90% of Motheo's total population). Mantsopa Local Municipality, located to the east of Mangaung, is a mixed agricultural area, with a population of 59,028 (7% of the total). Naledi Local Municipality, located to the southeast of Mangaung, is largely characterized by livestock-oriented farming, and has a population of 25,445 (3% of the total).", "On the surface, they consume large quantities of zooplankton in the form of shrimp, krill, and planktonic crabs. In deeper depths, mantas consume small to medium-sized fish. When foraging, it slowly swims around its prey, herding it into a tight \"ball\", and then speeds through the bunched organisms with a wide-open mouth. If a ball is particularly dense, a manta may somersault through it. While feeding, mantas flatten their cephalic fins to channel food into their mouths and the small particles are collected by the tissue between the gill arches. As many as 50 individual fish may gather at a single, plankton-rich feeding site. Tests have shown that around 27 percent the diet of \"M. birostris\" is from the surface while around 73 percent is at deeper depths. Mantas are themselves preyed upon by large sharks and by killer whales. They may also be bitten by cookiecutter sharks, and harbor parasitic copepods. Mantas visit cleaning stations on coral reefs for the removal of external parasites. The ray adopts a near-stationary position close to the coral surface for several minutes while the cleaner fish consume the attached organisms. Such visits most frequently occur when the tide is high. In Hawaii, wrasses provide the cleaning; some species feed around the manta's mouth and gill slits, while others address the rest of the body surface. In Mozambique, sergeant major fish clean the mouth, while butterflyfishes concentrate on bite wounds. \" M. alfredi\" visits cleaning stations more often than \"M. birostris\". Individual mantas may revisit the same cleaning station or feeding area repeatedly and appear to have cognitive maps of their environment. In 2016, scientists published a study in which manta rays were shown to exhibit behavior associated with self-awareness."], "answer": {"text": "preferring to work with studio and live venue musicians,", "answer_start": 807}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore,", "answer_start": 421, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Scream Bloody Gore sell well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a88c4d67cad347c48cbcf2688f70c807_0_q#4", "question": "Did they release another album after that?", "rewrite": "Besides working with studio and live venue musicians, did Death as Mantas release another album after Scream Bloody Gore?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Legion of Doom\" was a longtime staple of Death's rehearsals and live shows, and was indeed the first song written, reaching back to when they were known as Mantas. Despite the many songs written during Death's demo days, only half of them were re-recorded for the album, the rest being new compositions. \"Infernal Death\" and \"Baptized in Blood\" originally appeared on the \"Infernal Death\" demo. \" Zombie Ritual\", \"Mutilation\" and \"Land of No Return\" originally appeared on the \"Mutilation\" demo, and \"Evil Dead\" and \"Beyond the Unholy Grave\" were originally on \"Death By Metal\". \" Beyond the Unholy Grave\" and \"Land of No Return\" were also cut from the album, though were included on the re-release, with the live audio tracks taken from the \"Ultimate Revenge II\" video. Certain songs on the album were inspired by horror movies. \" Regurgitated Guts\" was inspired by the 1980 film \"City of the Living Dead\" (a.k.a. \"The Gates of Hell\"), \"Beyond the Unholy Grave\" was influenced by the 1981 film \"The Beyond\", and \"Zombie Ritual\" was inspired by the 1979 film \"Zombie\", all of which were directed by Italian director Lucio Fulci. \"Scream Bloody Gore\" is often considered the first death metal album. Although some critics consider Possessed's \"Seven Churches\" to be the first death metal record, AllMusic's Eduardo Rivadavia suggests that \"Seven Churches\" was a transition between thrash metal and death metal, while \"Scream Bloody Gore\" defined the core elements of death metal.", "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old. Original members were Schuldiner (guitar), Rick Rozz (guitar) and Kam Lee (drums and vocals). In January 1986, Schuldiner moved to Toronto and temporarily joined the Canadian band Slaughter. However, he quickly returned to continue the formation of Death. Death underwent many lineup changes. With Chris Reifert, Schuldiner eventually released the first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore, in 1987. He continued with 1988's Leprosy with the line-up of former Mantas guitarist Rick Rozz and rhythm section Terry Butler on bass and Bill Andrews on drums, and 1990's Spiritual Healing, where guitarist James Murphy had replaced the fired Rozz in 1989. After Spiritual Healing, Schuldiner stopped working with full-time band members, preferring to work with studio and live venue musicians, due to bad relationships with Death's previous rhythm section and guitarists. This earned Schuldiner something of a 'perfectionist' reputation in the metal community. Schuldiner had also fired his manager Eric Greif but settled and re-hired him before the recording of his next, influential release. Death's breakthrough album, Human saw the band evolving to a more technical and progressive style, in which Schuldiner displayed his guitar skills more than ever. He continued in this style (and continued the success of the band) with 1993's Individual Thought Patterns, 1995's Symbolic, and finally The Sound of Perseverance in 1998. Throughout his career, Schuldiner was not afraid to take on controversial lyrical subjects, taking an anti-drug stance on \"Living Monstrosity\" and writing about abortion in \"Altering the Future\".", "Death (metal band) Death was an American death metal band from Orlando, Florida, founded in 1983 by guitarist and vocalist Chuck Schuldiner. Death is considered to be among the most influential bands in heavy metal and a pioneering force in the extreme metal subgenre of death metal. Their debut album, \"Scream Bloody Gore\", has been widely regarded as the first death metal record (although there is some dispute to that claim as Possessed's debut album \"Seven Churches\" and Necrophagia's debut album \"Season of the Dead\" were released before). Death had a revolving lineup, with Schuldiner being the sole consistent member. The group's style also progressed, from the raw sound on its first two albums to a more sophisticated one in its later stage. The band ceased to exist after Schuldiner died of glioma and pneumonia in December 2001, but remains an enduring influence on heavy metal. Founded in 1983 by Chuck Schuldiner under the original name of Mantas in Orlando, Florida, Death was among the more widely known early pioneers of the death metal sound, along with California's Possessed. In the late 80s, the band was both a part of and integral in defining the death metal scene which gained international recognition with the release of albums by a number of area acts. Together with Kam Lee (Barney Kamalani Lee), and Rick Rozz (Frederick DeLillo), Schuldiner started to compose songs that were released on several rehearsal tapes in 1984. These tapes, along with the \"Death by Metal\" demo, circulated through the tape-trader world, quickly establishing the band's name. In 1984, Schuldiner dissolved Mantas and quickly started a new band under the name Death.", "Noticing the growth of the Northern California thrash scene, Schuldiner had earlier moved Death to the Bay Area in 1985 and briefly collaborated with drummer Eric Brecht, who recently exited Texas crossover thrash band D.R.I. and would eventually join Attitude Adjustment. However, it was the Schuldiner-Reifert pairing that would lead to Death's signing to Combat Records and release of the album \"Scream Bloody Gore\", a debut regarded (alongside Possessed's \"Seven Churches\") as one of the first releases to bridge the gap between thrash and death metal, as noted earlier. Both records had been produced by Randy Burns. In 1987, shortly after the release of \"Scream Bloody Gore\" and Schuldiner's move back to Florida, Reifert would form his own endeavor, Autopsy, which has also been regarded as an early inspiration of the death metal genre. Autopsy's 1989 debut, \"Severed Survival\", would feature bassist Steve DiGiorgio, founder of Antioch, California thrash metal band Sadus; Schuldiner had also met DiGiorgio while living in the Bay Area, who would play bass for Death on the albums \"Human\" and \"Individual Thought Patterns\". Reifert's legacy within the death metal genre would be further explored on the 1992 release of \"Acts of the Unspeakable\", which featured bassist Josh Barohn, who also played bass on \"Effigy of the Forgotten\", the 1991 debut album of pioneering New York death metal band Suffocation. As different thrash metal scenes developed around the world throughout the 1980s, each had their own distinct style and influence.", "Scream Bloody Gore Scream Bloody Gore is the debut studio album by American death metal band Death, released on May 25, 1987, through Combat Records. It was considered \"the first true death metal record\". Chuck Schuldiner plays bass and guitar, wrote all the songs on the album and provided all the vocals. John Hand is noted on the cover as playing rhythm guitar, though this was incorrect and Hand was only in the band for a short period and was not on the recording. This is also the only Death album to feature drummer Chris Reifert, who had joined for the \"Mutilation\" demo. Perseverance Holdings, Ltd. and Relapse Records reissued the album on May 20, 2016, on CD, vinyl, and cassette. The album was remastered for this release, and also included the original Florida session as well as recordings of rehearsals performed in 1986. The album was actually recorded twice, with the second Los Angeles-based session being released as the complete album by label Combat Records (later Relativity). It was first recorded in Florida, although only the rhythm guitar and drum tracks were recorded. The track listing consisted of \"Torn to Pieces\", \"Legion of Doom\", \"Scream Bloody Gore\", \"Sacrificial Cunt\" (later shortened to \"Sacrificial\" because the label asked the band to do so, possibly because \"they didn't want to get P.M.R.C. on their case\"), \"Mutilation\", \"Land of No Return\", and \"Baptized in Blood\". The label were unsatisfied after hearing the initial mix, so Schuldiner and Reifert re-recorded the album in California with Randy Burns as producer. Once returning to Florida, the first session was released as a promotional tape, and was eventually bootlegged. \""], "answer": {"text": "He continued with 1988's Leprosy", "answer_start": 476}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore,", "answer_start": 421, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Scream Bloody Gore sell well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they performing live at that time?", "answer": {"text": "preferring to work with studio and live venue musicians,", "answer_start": 807, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a88c4d67cad347c48cbcf2688f70c807_0_q#5", "question": "Did their early albums get any attention?", "rewrite": "Did Death as Mantas' early albums get any attention?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On the surface, they consume large quantities of zooplankton in the form of shrimp, krill, and planktonic crabs. In deeper depths, mantas consume small to medium-sized fish. When foraging, it slowly swims around its prey, herding it into a tight \"ball\", and then speeds through the bunched organisms with a wide-open mouth. If a ball is particularly dense, a manta may somersault through it. While feeding, mantas flatten their cephalic fins to channel food into their mouths and the small particles are collected by the tissue between the gill arches. As many as 50 individual fish may gather at a single, plankton-rich feeding site. Tests have shown that around 27 percent the diet of \"M. birostris\" is from the surface while around 73 percent is at deeper depths. Mantas are themselves preyed upon by large sharks and by killer whales. They may also be bitten by cookiecutter sharks, and harbor parasitic copepods. Mantas visit cleaning stations on coral reefs for the removal of external parasites. The ray adopts a near-stationary position close to the coral surface for several minutes while the cleaner fish consume the attached organisms. Such visits most frequently occur when the tide is high. In Hawaii, wrasses provide the cleaning; some species feed around the manta's mouth and gill slits, while others address the rest of the body surface. In Mozambique, sergeant major fish clean the mouth, while butterflyfishes concentrate on bite wounds. \" M. alfredi\" visits cleaning stations more often than \"M. birostris\". Individual mantas may revisit the same cleaning station or feeding area repeatedly and appear to have cognitive maps of their environment. In 2016, scientists published a study in which manta rays were shown to exhibit behavior associated with self-awareness.", "Mantas were once captured by fisheries in California and Australia for their liver oil and skin; the latter were used as abrasives. Their flesh is edible and is consumed in some countries, but is unattractive compared to other fish. Demand for their gill rakers, the cartilaginous structures protecting the gills, has recently entered Chinese medicine. To fill the growing demand in Asia for gill rakers, targeted fisheries have developed in the Philippines, Indonesia, Mozambique, Madagascar, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and Tanzania. Each year, thousands of manta rays, primarily \"M. birostris\", are caught and killed purely for their gill rakers. A fisheries study in Sri Lanka and India estimated that over 1000 were being sold in the country's fish markets each year. By comparison, \"M. birostris\" populations at most of the key aggregation sites around the world are estimated to have significantly fewer than 1000 individuals. Targeted fisheries for manta rays in the Gulf of California, the west coast of Mexico, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and the Philippines have reduced populations in these areas dramatically. Manta rays are subject to other anthropogenic threats. Because mantas must swim constantly to flush oxygen-rich water over their gills, they are vulnerable to entanglement and subsequent suffocation. Mantas cannot swim backwards, and because of their protruding cephalic fins, are prone to entanglement in fishing lines, nets, ghost nets, and even loose mooring lines. When snared, mantas often attempt to free themselves by somersaulting, tangling themselves further. Loose, trailing line can wrap around and cut its way into its flesh, resulting in irreversible injury. Similarly, mantas become entangled in gill nets designed for smaller fish.", "Josh Elder Josh Elder (born May 17, 1980 in Carmi, Illinois) is an American journalist, lecturer and writer, primarily of comic books and graphic novels. Josh Elder graduated from Northwestern University with a bachelor's degree in Film. Josh Elder (sometimes credited as Joshua Elder) is an award-winning comic book author and the creator (along with artist Erich Owen) of the graphic novel series and nationally syndicated comic strip \"Mail Order Ninja\". A former associate editor at \"Wizard Magazine\", Elder also serves as noted graphic novel reviewer for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\" and Director of Operations for the literacy advocacy group Reading with Pictures. He regularly gives workshops on creating comics and graphic novels at schools, libraries and universities across the country. He has also participated in and led professional development seminars for teachers and librarians\u2014including the New York Public School system and the Children's Museum of Indianapolis. Elder currently resides in Albany Park, Chicago. \"Mail Order Ninja\" winning the in the 2005 Rising Stars of Manga Grand Prize contest. Elder was named one of the 25 great graphic novels for kids by the School Library Journal. This table lists only works in which Elder is the primary writer (or co-writer) of a published book with an ISBN.", "Motheo District Municipality Motheo (\"Sesotho\", meaning \"foundation\" or \"cornerstone\") was, until the municipal elections of 18 May 2011, a district of the Free State province of South Africa. At the time of the 2011 elections it was disestablished as a consequence of Mangaung Local Municipality being upgraded to a metropolitan municipality  The Motheo District Municipality Head Office was based in Bloemfontein, which also serves as the capital of the Free State Province and as the judicial capital of South Africa. The Motheo District was disestablished on 18 May 2011. When this happened, of its three constituent local municipalities, Mangaung was upgraded to become an autonomous metropolitan municipality, Naledi became part of Xhariep, and Mantsopa became part of Thabo Mofutsanyane. Motheo was surrounded by: The district was divided into three local municipalities: Mangaung, Mantsopa, and Naledi. Of these, Mangaung Local Municipality \u2014 now Mangaung Metropolitan Municipality \u2014 is the most densely populated; it features the greatest concentration of well-developed infrastructure and services in the Bloemfontein area, which offers a wide range of amenities to the surrounding rural communities. As of 2007, Mangaung Municipality had a population of 752,906 (roughly 90% of Motheo's total population). Mantsopa Local Municipality, located to the east of Mangaung, is a mixed agricultural area, with a population of 59,028 (7% of the total). Naledi Local Municipality, located to the southeast of Mangaung, is largely characterized by livestock-oriented farming, and has a population of 25,445 (3% of the total).", "The carrier carries up to eight Manta (Multirole Aircraft for Nautical Tactical Assault) remote-controlled aircraft and up to eight Walrus (Water And Land Roving Utility Shuttle) remote-controlled amphibious vehicles, although only four of each may be operational at any one time. The remote control of the Mantas and the Walruses has to be linked through the carrier, so if they go too far from the carrier the cockpit screen of them will become ghosted. If they venture even further away from the carrier, they will lose all contact with the carrier and be destroyed; the Mantas will just simply fall out of the sky. A Manta may be equipped with a long-range communications pod, allowing operation of it and any other nearby vehicles as far away from the carrier as desired. However, only one Manta may be fitted with a communications pod at any one time. The Mantas are primarily for combat use, but the Walruses are primarily used to carry payloads to the islands. Depending on the current status of the island, and its intended use, the payload might be the starting kit for a colony, or a virus bomb to convert an enemy colony to the player's side. The Mantas can be equipped with missiles that can automatically lock on to enemy targets. The Walrus vehicles can be loaded with missiles that can be manually guided into targets. Part of the appeal of the game lies in the control of these auxiliary vehicles. The player can, if desired, have all four Mantas and all four Walruses out of the carrier at once, and can pilot each personally, or program each to travel to a specific location (none of the vehicles can be programmed to perform attack or defence functions). Once arrived, a Walrus will simply wait."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore,", "answer_start": 421, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Scream Bloody Gore sell well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they performing live at that time?", "answer": {"text": "preferring to work with studio and live venue musicians,", "answer_start": 807, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release another album after that?", "answer": {"text": "He continued with 1988's Leprosy", "answer_start": 476, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_a88c4d67cad347c48cbcf2688f70c807_0_q#6", "question": "Was he ever part of any other bands?", "rewrite": "Besides Death as Mantas, was Chuck Schuldiner ever part of any other bands?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["Control Denied Control Denied was a band formed by death metal musician and Death founder Chuck Schuldiner to create progressive heavy metal. The band started in 1996 as Schuldiner wanted to procure a more melodic style than was possible with Death. The project was interrupted by Death's release \"The Sound of Perseverance\" in 1998, but finally the debut album \" The Fragile Art of Existence\" was released in 1999. A second album, tentatively titled \"When Man and Machine Collide\", was partly recorded, but the death of Schuldiner in 2001 put the recordings on hold. Remaining band members have expressed a wish to complete and release the material. However, there existed a longstanding legal dispute over the rights of the material with Karmageddon Media, further postponing the completion and release of the album. Part of these incomplete recordings were released without authorization in the \"Zero Tolerance\" two-part bootlegs of Chuck's B-sides and unreleased tracks. However, Schuldiner estate lawyer Eric Greif settled all matters with the label by December 2009, allowing for the possibility of completing the album. On December 4, 2010 vocalist Tim Aymar released a statement saying that plans are being made to record and release the album, stating that Jim Morris of Morrisound Studios (with whom Chuck Schuldiner recorded several albums during his career) had been in contact with Greif to begin planning and booking studio time to record the remaining parts of \"When Man and Machine Collide\". Plans were cut short by a break-in at Morrisound in the spring of 2011 that saw much of their equipment stolen, pushing back the completion of the album. As of January 2014, Greif has stated that there has been little progress towards the completion of the album other than an exploratory meeting between producer Jim Morris and guitarist Shannon Hamm.", "Earache Records noted that \"the likes of Trey Azagthoth and Morbid Angel based what they were doing in their formative years on the Possessed blueprint laid down on the legendary \"Seven Churches\" recording. Possessed arguably did more to further the cause of 'Death Metal' than any of the early acts on the scene back in the mid-late 80's.\" During the same period as the dawn of Possessed, a second influential metal band was formed in Orlando, Florida: Death. Originally called Mantas, Death was formed in 1983 by Chuck Schuldiner, Kam Lee, and Rick Rozz. In 1984 they released their first demo entitled \"Death by Metal\", followed by several more. The tapes circulated through the tape trader world, quickly establishing the band's name. With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene. The fast minor-key riffs and solos were complemented with fast drumming, creating a style that would catch on in tape trading circles. Schuldiner has been credited by Allmusic's Eduardo Rivadavia for being widely recognized as the \"Father of Death Metal\". Death's 1987 debut release, \"Scream Bloody Gore\", has been described by About.com's Chad Bowar as being the \"evolution from thrash metal to death metal\", and \"the first true death metal record\" by the \"San Francisco Chronicle\". Along with Possessed and Death, other pioneers of death metal in the United States include Macabre, Master, Massacre, Immolation, Cannibal Corpse, Obituary, and Post Mortem. By 1989, many bands had been signed by eager record labels wanting to cash in on the subgenre, including Florida's Obituary, Morbid Angel and Deicide.", "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old. Original members were Schuldiner (guitar), Rick Rozz (guitar) and Kam Lee (drums and vocals). In January 1986, Schuldiner moved to Toronto and temporarily joined the Canadian band Slaughter. However, he quickly returned to continue the formation of Death. Death underwent many lineup changes. With Chris Reifert, Schuldiner eventually released the first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore, in 1987. He continued with 1988's Leprosy with the line-up of former Mantas guitarist Rick Rozz and rhythm section Terry Butler on bass and Bill Andrews on drums, and 1990's Spiritual Healing, where guitarist James Murphy had replaced the fired Rozz in 1989. After Spiritual Healing, Schuldiner stopped working with full-time band members, preferring to work with studio and live venue musicians, due to bad relationships with Death's previous rhythm section and guitarists. This earned Schuldiner something of a 'perfectionist' reputation in the metal community. Schuldiner had also fired his manager Eric Greif but settled and re-hired him before the recording of his next, influential release. Death's breakthrough album, Human saw the band evolving to a more technical and progressive style, in which Schuldiner displayed his guitar skills more than ever. He continued in this style (and continued the success of the band) with 1993's Individual Thought Patterns, 1995's Symbolic, and finally The Sound of Perseverance in 1998. Throughout his career, Schuldiner was not afraid to take on controversial lyrical subjects, taking an anti-drug stance on \"Living Monstrosity\" and writing about abortion in \"Altering the Future\".", "Although the line-up and writing style was largely the same, Schuldiner created Control Denied in large part because he was displeased with the harsher vocals for Death. However, rather than betray what the band Death meant and sounded like to the fans, he opted to create a new band: \"For me, it is just a matter of evolving, doing it the right way. I didn't put out a Death record with this stuff on it. I made the right choice and changed the name of the band. I tried to do everything the right way.\" As Schuldiner finished Control Denied's debut album, he was diagnosed with brain cancer, forcing the band to scrap plans for a U.S. and Canadian tour. As he worked on the second release, Schuldiner's condition improved, but the tumor left him in a weakened, vulnerable state. He contracted pneumonia and was placed in a hospital. On December 13, 2001, Schuldiner was released and returned home an hour later, where he died. The second Control Denied release has yet to be completed and was mired in legal problems involving its Dutch label, the musicians and Schuldiner's sister Beth, the former of whom have publicly stated their desire to complete the album, and former manager Eric Greif representing the Estate. In 2004, Hammerheart Records released a two-part bootleg made up of old, pre-\"Scream Bloody Gore\" demos, along with partial demos of the unfinished album and live Death recordings from 1990. This was issued under the name Chuck Schuldiner, not Death or Control Denied, but its markedly unfinished state and lack of vocals led to the release not being successful, aided by Schuldiner's mother Jane's pleas for fans to stay away from it.", "Death (metal band) Death was an American death metal band from Orlando, Florida, founded in 1983 by guitarist and vocalist Chuck Schuldiner. Death is considered to be among the most influential bands in heavy metal and a pioneering force in the extreme metal subgenre of death metal. Their debut album, \"Scream Bloody Gore\", has been widely regarded as the first death metal record (although there is some dispute to that claim as Possessed's debut album \"Seven Churches\" and Necrophagia's debut album \"Season of the Dead\" were released before). Death had a revolving lineup, with Schuldiner being the sole consistent member. The group's style also progressed, from the raw sound on its first two albums to a more sophisticated one in its later stage. The band ceased to exist after Schuldiner died of glioma and pneumonia in December 2001, but remains an enduring influence on heavy metal. Founded in 1983 by Chuck Schuldiner under the original name of Mantas in Orlando, Florida, Death was among the more widely known early pioneers of the death metal sound, along with California's Possessed. In the late 80s, the band was both a part of and integral in defining the death metal scene which gained international recognition with the release of albums by a number of area acts. Together with Kam Lee (Barney Kamalani Lee), and Rick Rozz (Frederick DeLillo), Schuldiner started to compose songs that were released on several rehearsal tapes in 1984. These tapes, along with the \"Death by Metal\" demo, circulated through the tape-trader world, quickly establishing the band's name. In 1984, Schuldiner dissolved Mantas and quickly started a new band under the name Death."], "answer": {"text": "In January 1986, Schuldiner moved to Toronto and temporarily joined the Canadian band Slaughter.", "answer_start": 167}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Did Chuck Schuldiner start out as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "Schuldiner formed Death as Mantas in 1983 when he was just 16 years old.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first album?", "answer": {"text": "first Death album, titled Scream Bloody Gore,", "answer_start": 421, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Scream Bloody Gore sell well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Were they performing live at that time?", "answer": {"text": "preferring to work with studio and live venue musicians,", "answer_start": 807, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they release another album after that?", "answer": {"text": "He continued with 1988's Leprosy", "answer_start": 476, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did their early albums get any attention?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f72ea2bf79924b4a82c4e760ee08937c_0_q#0", "question": "Does Tony Parker in Family Life get along with his parents?", "rewrite": "Does Tony Parker in Family Life get along with his parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["FIBA EuroBasket 2011 Final The EuroBasket 2011 final was the championship game of EuroBasket 2011 played at the \u017dalgiris Arena in Kaunas, Lithuania on 18 September between Spain and France. By virtue of FIBA Europe's two outright berths in the 2012 Summer Olympic basketball tournament, both finalists qualified for the 2012 London Games. The defending European champions Spain qualified to the final after topping their preliminary round group, winning their second round group, and beating Slovenia and Macedonia in the final round. France, in their first EuroBasket final, also topped their preliminary round group, finished second in their second round group behind Spain, and defeated Greece and Russia in the final round. The Spanish team retained their European championship with a 98\u201385 win. Shooting guard Juan Carlos Navarro was named the tournament MVP. He joined his teammate Pau Gasol and opponent Tony Parker as members of the all-tournament team who played in the final. Macedonia's Bo McCalebb and Russia's Andrei Kirilenko were also named to the team. Joakim Noah started the game with two dunks to give the French team an 8\u20137 lead. Jos\u00e9 Calder\u00f3n scored five points to give the Spaniards a 17\u201312 lead, forcing French coach Vincent Collet to call a timeout. The teams scored on several three-point shots but Spain held a 25\u201320 lead at the end of the first quarter. Spain stretched the lead to nine in the second quarter but two three-pointers from Micka\u00ebl Gelabale and Tony Parker kept the game close. However, Serge Ibaka's third block of the night led to a Pau Gasol basket to pad the Spanish lead to ten. Coming off another timeout, Ibaka blocked two more French shots. Later, Rudy Fern\u00e1ndez was called for an unsportsmanlike foul against Tony Parker, whom he pulled down to the floor.", "The Boomers without Patty Mills, Joe Ingles, Aleks Mari\u0107 and Brad Newley who were all rested eased to a 28 point win. The second match saw Croatia beat rivals Serbia with Simon leading the line with 17 points. In the last game on day one, Great Britain played France. Joel Freeland topped scored for the hosts with 16 points while Tony Parker weighed in with 23 points for France. It was a scrappy match with 17 turnovers by halftime. Parker started well for France as he netted 10 points in the opening quarter. However, when he was rested in the second quarter the French team went for five minutes without scoring a basket. However, with Parker back France opened up a 12-point lead in the third quarter. Britain made mistakes in the final quarter as the French ranout winners by 22 points. Serbia opened the second day with an 87\u201353 win over China. The second match saw France defeat Australia in a thriller. With Tony Parker the French had managed to establish a 13-point lead in third quarter. Parker scored a game high 27 points whilst Mills netted 20 for the Boomers. The final quarter witnessed Australia comeback at France and trailed by only one point with 11 seconds to go. However, Parker clinched the win for the French team. In the final match of the day world number 19 Croatia held on to beat Great Britain by five points. Strong opening and final quarters kept the hosts in the game. However, a poor second quarter saw Croatia into a 12-point lead at halftime. In the final quarter Britain started 14 points behind and climbed to within 3 points, before Lenzly and Simon sealed the win for Croatia. Day three opened with a comfortable win for France over China, minus Tony Parker. Patty Mills led the Boomers with 20 points to defeat Croatia.", "At the end of its time in Australia, the selection of Jean-Pierre de Vincenzi won the Olympic silver medal, the selection's first top 3 performance at a major basketball event in 46 years and its first Olympic medal in 52 years. After this event, the Olympic vice-champion gained new backbone in Tony Parker who was selected by the San Antonio Spurs in the 2001 NBA draft. However, at the EuroBasket 2001, without Rigaudeau, who surprisingly decided to retire from the team after the Olympics, the 19-year-old Parker alone was not enough as France failed to repeat its outstanding performance at the Olympic Games. France lost the quarter-finals to Germany 77\u201381 and finished 6th place overall. During this time, most of France's players cleared their spots for a new generation of players, which were available in abundance as France Junior national team had won the 2000 junior championship. At the EuroBasket 2003, France competed with an immensely talented squad, which included the NBA players Tony Parker, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Mo\u00efso and Tariq Abdul-Wahad, future NBA-player Boris Diaw and Euroleague players Laurent Foirest, Cyril Julian and Florent Pi\u00e9trus. The stated objective was the title, which would come as the second within a short time-period to Tony Parker who had won the NBA title only a few months ago. But despite competing with one of the most promising rosters ever, France lost in the semifinal against Lithuania and then also barely lost the match for 3rd place against Italy, which France had declassified in the preliminary round. At the end, France even failed to qualify for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Hoping not to repeat the disappointing performance of 2003, France's squad again saw some considerable changes in 2005.", "Tony Parker (author)  Tony Parker (25 June 1923 \u2013 3 October 1996) was an oral historian whose work was dedicated to giving a voice to British and American society's most marginalised figures, from single mothers to lighthouse keepers to criminals, including murderers. Born in Stockport, Cheshire, Parker was a conscientious objector during World War II, and directed to work in a coal mine. He moved to London and worked as a publisher's representative at Odhams Press. He campaigned against capital punishment and became very interested in prisons and their occupants, eventually focussing on the experiences of prisoners after release. Tony Parker died in Westleton, Suffolk, having just completed his study of his American counterpart Studs Terkel. His books comprise lengthy interviews with his various subjects. He does not include his questions. He attempts to record his subjects \"without comment or judgement'. He began by specialising in studies of convicted criminals in Britain. His later books took a wider range of subjects: a poor housing estate, a small town in America, post-Communist Russia and the lives of lighthouse-keepers. Anthony Storr described him in 1970 as 'Britain's most expert interviewer, mouthpiece of the inarticulate and counsel for the defence of those whom society has shunned and abandoned'. As Colin Ward wrote in the \"Independent\", Parker's 'own triumphs were the result of his gentleness and modesty, which led the most taciturn or suspicious of people to open up with confidences they would not dream of revealing to more self-assertive questioners'. The anonymous obituarist in the \"Telegraph\" stressed that \"his real gift was for creating sympathetic silences into which murderers, thugs, child molesters, rapists and baby-batterers could pour their confidences without inhibition\".", "Balance-toi \"Balance-toi\" is a 2007 song recorded by NBA player Tony Parker. Written and composed by Skalp, Eloquence and Tony Parker, it was the singer's debut single from his eponymous album. It was released on 26 March 2007 and achieved success in France. The song is produced by Skalp, a member of the French producer duo Kore & Skalp. Tony Parker was the first artist to sign with the newly established record label Music One, a record label from French TV station TF1. In the music video, Parker's former wife Eva Longoria can be seen. The song had heavy airplay rotation on French radio stations such as NRJ and Skyrock. In France, the single went straight to number one on 5 May 2007, selling over 10,000 units, and remained at its peak for one week. The following weeks, it fell gradually on the charts and totaled four weeks in the top ten, eleven weeks in top 50 and twenty one weeks on the chart."], "answer": {"text": "His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone.", "answer_start": 86}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f72ea2bf79924b4a82c4e760ee08937c_0_q#1", "question": "who is the actress he dated?", "rewrite": "Who is the actress Tony Parker dated?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["At the end of its time in Australia, the selection of Jean-Pierre de Vincenzi won the Olympic silver medal, the selection's first top 3 performance at a major basketball event in 46 years and its first Olympic medal in 52 years. After this event, the Olympic vice-champion gained new backbone in Tony Parker who was selected by the San Antonio Spurs in the 2001 NBA draft. However, at the EuroBasket 2001, without Rigaudeau, who surprisingly decided to retire from the team after the Olympics, the 19-year-old Parker alone was not enough as France failed to repeat its outstanding performance at the Olympic Games. France lost the quarter-finals to Germany 77\u201381 and finished 6th place overall. During this time, most of France's players cleared their spots for a new generation of players, which were available in abundance as France Junior national team had won the 2000 junior championship. At the EuroBasket 2003, France competed with an immensely talented squad, which included the NBA players Tony Parker, J\u00e9r\u00f4me Mo\u00efso and Tariq Abdul-Wahad, future NBA-player Boris Diaw and Euroleague players Laurent Foirest, Cyril Julian and Florent Pi\u00e9trus. The stated objective was the title, which would come as the second within a short time-period to Tony Parker who had won the NBA title only a few months ago. But despite competing with one of the most promising rosters ever, France lost in the semifinal against Lithuania and then also barely lost the match for 3rd place against Italy, which France had declassified in the preliminary round. At the end, France even failed to qualify for the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Hoping not to repeat the disappointing performance of 2003, France's squad again saw some considerable changes in 2005.", "She will appear in the Broadway revival by the Manhattan Theatre Club of \"How I Learned to Drive\", which will open at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre on March 27, 2020 in previews. David Morse co-stars with direction by Mark Brokaw. This production unites Parker, Morse and Brokaw from the original 1997 production. Since 2007, Parker has contributed articles to \"Esquire\" magazine. In November 2015, Scribner Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster, published her memoir in letters titled \"Dear Mr. You.\" From 1996 to November 2003, Parker dated actor Billy Crudup. Parker was seven months pregnant with their son, William Atticus Parker, born in 2004, when Crudup ended their relationship by leaving Parker for actress Claire Danes. William's godmother is actress Susan Sarandon. In December 2006, Parker began dating actor Jeffrey Dean Morgan, whom she met on the set of \"Weeds\". On February 12, 2008, Parker and Morgan announced their engagement, only to break up the following April. In September 2007, Parker adopted a baby girl, Caroline Aberash Parker, from Ethiopia. In 2013, Parker was honored for her work with Hope North, an organization that works in the educating and healing of young victims in Uganda's civil war. The actress began her involvement with the organization after meeting a former victim of Uganda's civil war. Parker lives in Brooklyn Heights.", "Tony Parker (author)  Tony Parker (25 June 1923 \u2013 3 October 1996) was an oral historian whose work was dedicated to giving a voice to British and American society's most marginalised figures, from single mothers to lighthouse keepers to criminals, including murderers. Born in Stockport, Cheshire, Parker was a conscientious objector during World War II, and directed to work in a coal mine. He moved to London and worked as a publisher's representative at Odhams Press. He campaigned against capital punishment and became very interested in prisons and their occupants, eventually focussing on the experiences of prisoners after release. Tony Parker died in Westleton, Suffolk, having just completed his study of his American counterpart Studs Terkel. His books comprise lengthy interviews with his various subjects. He does not include his questions. He attempts to record his subjects \"without comment or judgement'. He began by specialising in studies of convicted criminals in Britain. His later books took a wider range of subjects: a poor housing estate, a small town in America, post-Communist Russia and the lives of lighthouse-keepers. Anthony Storr described him in 1970 as 'Britain's most expert interviewer, mouthpiece of the inarticulate and counsel for the defence of those whom society has shunned and abandoned'. As Colin Ward wrote in the \"Independent\", Parker's 'own triumphs were the result of his gentleness and modesty, which led the most taciturn or suspicious of people to open up with confidences they would not dream of revealing to more self-assertive questioners'. The anonymous obituarist in the \"Telegraph\" stressed that \"his real gift was for creating sympathetic silences into which murderers, thugs, child molesters, rapists and baby-batterers could pour their confidences without inhibition\".", "Balance-toi \"Balance-toi\" is a 2007 song recorded by NBA player Tony Parker. Written and composed by Skalp, Eloquence and Tony Parker, it was the singer's debut single from his eponymous album. It was released on 26 March 2007 and achieved success in France. The song is produced by Skalp, a member of the French producer duo Kore & Skalp. Tony Parker was the first artist to sign with the newly established record label Music One, a record label from French TV station TF1. In the music video, Parker's former wife Eva Longoria can be seen. The song had heavy airplay rotation on French radio stations such as NRJ and Skyrock. In France, the single went straight to number one on 5 May 2007, selling over 10,000 units, and remained at its peak for one week. The following weeks, it fell gradually on the charts and totaled four weeks in the top ten, eleven weeks in top 50 and twenty one weeks on the chart.", "The Boomers without Patty Mills, Joe Ingles, Aleks Mari\u0107 and Brad Newley who were all rested eased to a 28 point win. The second match saw Croatia beat rivals Serbia with Simon leading the line with 17 points. In the last game on day one, Great Britain played France. Joel Freeland topped scored for the hosts with 16 points while Tony Parker weighed in with 23 points for France. It was a scrappy match with 17 turnovers by halftime. Parker started well for France as he netted 10 points in the opening quarter. However, when he was rested in the second quarter the French team went for five minutes without scoring a basket. However, with Parker back France opened up a 12-point lead in the third quarter. Britain made mistakes in the final quarter as the French ranout winners by 22 points. Serbia opened the second day with an 87\u201353 win over China. The second match saw France defeat Australia in a thriller. With Tony Parker the French had managed to establish a 13-point lead in third quarter. Parker scored a game high 27 points whilst Mills netted 20 for the Boomers. The final quarter witnessed Australia comeback at France and trailed by only one point with 11 seconds to go. However, Parker clinched the win for the French team. In the final match of the day world number 19 Croatia held on to beat Great Britain by five points. Strong opening and final quarters kept the hosts in the game. However, a poor second quarter saw Croatia into a 12-point lead at halftime. In the final quarter Britain started 14 points behind and climbed to within 3 points, before Lenzly and Simon sealed the win for Croatia. Day three opened with a comfortable win for France over China, minus Tony Parker. Patty Mills led the Boomers with 20 points to defeat Croatia."], "answer": {"text": "actress Eva Longoria,", "answer_start": 247}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Does Tony Parker in Family Life get along with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f72ea2bf79924b4a82c4e760ee08937c_0_q#2", "question": "did they have things in common?", "rewrite": "Did Tony Parker and Eva Longoria have things in common?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Isabella Bra\u00f1a Isabella Bra\u00f1a is a fictional character from the American CBS Daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". She was portrayed by Eva Longoria, created by Kay Alden and introduced by former executive producer Edward J. Scott on March 8, 2001. During her run, the character gave birth to Paul Williams' (Doug Davidson) son and later tried to kill his ex-wife, Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell). Described as \"crazy\", \"evil\" and a \"whack job\", Longoria said the character was a challenge to portray. The actress was let go and Longoria last aired on August 15, 2003. Eva Longoria began portraying the role during the episode dated March 8, 2001, on a contract status. The role was introduced when regular Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell) was written out of the series due to her pregnancy, and Longoria was brought to fill her position. Longoria had previously appeared on the soap operas \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"General Hospital\". In June 2003, it was announced that along with two other actors, Longoria would be leaving \"The Young and the Restless\" in what was called a \"shocking plot twist\". Isabella last aired on August 15, 2003. Flashbacks of Longoria's scenes as Isabella were shown on November 9, 2011. On July 2, 2012, the character briefly reappeared, however not portrayed by Longoria, but by an unidentified actress whose face was never shown. Isabella was a mentally ill woman who had an affair with Christine Blair's (Lauralee Bell) husband Paul Williams (Doug Davidson), resulting in the birth of their son Ricky Williams. The character was penned by Michael Logan of \"TV Guide\" as a \"nutjob\" who made Christine's life a \"living hell\".", "Parker's parents continue to remain influential in his life even after their divorce. His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone. Parker met actress Eva Longoria, seven years his senior, in November 2004. In August 2005, Longoria confirmed she and Parker were dating, and on 30 November 2006, the couple became engaged. Longoria, a Texas native from nearby Corpus Christi, was a courtside regular at Spurs home games. Parker was quoted during the 2007 NBA All-Star Game saying that, \"Eva is doing everything, I'm just going to show up and say yes.\" They were officially married in a civil service on 6 July 2007, at a Paris city hall. It was followed by a full Roman Catholic wedding ceremony at the Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois Church in Paris, France, on 7 July 2007. Fellow Frenchman NBA player (and future teammate) Boris Diaw was Parker's best man for the wedding. In December 2007, tabloid websites and magazines reported that Parker had been having an extramarital affair with supposed model Alexandra Paressant. Both Parker and Longoria vehemently denied these allegations through their spokespeople, saying \"All high profile couples fall victim to these sorts of things in the course of their relationships. It appears that this is not the first time this woman has used an athlete to gain public notoriety.\" Parker initiated a $20 million lawsuit against the website that first reported the story, which later issued a full retraction and an apology, stating \"X17online.com and X7 [sic], Inc. regret having been misled by Ms. Paressant and her representatives and apologize to Mr. Parker for any damage or inconvenience this may have caused him or his wife.\"", "\"The Harvest\" was produced by Shine Global in association with Globalvision, Romano Film and Photography, and Eva Longoria's UnbeliEVAble Productions. Longoria signed on as an executive producer of the project in 2009. It was directed by U. Roberto (Robin) Romano, photographer of \"Faces of Freedom\". \"The Harvest\" premiered at the International Documentary Film Festival IDFA in Amsterdam in November 2010, and at the Guadalajara International Film Festival in Guadalajara, Mexico on March 26, 2011. Distributed by Cinema Libre, The film had its theatrical debut in New York City on July 29, 2011, and became available on DVD October 2011. Eva Longoria, director U. Roberto Romano, and associate director Julia Perez visited Capitol Hill to mark the anniversary of Representative Lucille Roybal-Allard\u2019s introduction of the CARE Act legislation in September 2009. The Children\u2019s Act for Responsible Employment (CARE Act, HR 3564) addresses the harshest conditions that tens of thousands of children as young as 12 years of age may be subject to, such as restrictions in the number of hours that children work in a day. The intention of the bill is to raise the standard for children working in agriculture to that of any other occupation in the United States. As of September 1, 2010 the bill had 103 co-sponsors. While on Capitol Hill, Longoria and Romano showed scenes from the feature-length documentary to illustrate the harsh working conditions and exploitation of children in the fields. A trailer of the film was first privately screened at a United States Department of Labor panel discussion, hosted by Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis and including Dolores Huerta of the United Farm Workers, filmmaker Robin Romano, Mark Lara from the Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division, and other experts.", "In the ninth, Longoria was originally called out at second before replay overturned the call. Per Elias Sports Bureau, Longoria became the first player to hit for the cycle while having one of his hits reviewed. Offensively, Longoria had a down year, slashing .261/.313/.414 with 20 home runs, however he excelled defensively, and won his third career Gold Glove Award On December 20, 2017, the Rays traded Longoria and cash considerations to the San Francisco Giants for Christian Arroyo, Denard Span, Matt Krook, and Stephen Woods. On May 5, 2018, Longoria hit a double to mark his 1,500th career hit in an 11-2 victory over the Atlanta Braves. On June 14, Longoria was hit by a pitch on his left hand and left the game. Soon after, it was revealed that there was a fractured fifth metacarpal in his left hand. Two days into his injury, it was revealed that Longoria was facing surgery, which would likely keep him out for 6\u20138 weeks. Longoria experienced a disappointing 2018 season with the Giants as he hit a career-low 16 home runs (which led the Giants), had a career low in runs batted in with 54 and tied his career low with a .244 batting average. In 2019 he batted .254/.325/.437, with 20 home runs. Longoria was called upon on March 19, 2009, to replace Chipper Jones in the World Baseball Classic. The similarity of his name with actress Eva Longoria's has brought about playful comparisons between the two. Although both are Americans of Mexican descent, they are not related. When asked as a college baseball player in 2005 about the name similarity, he admitted that he got \"ragged on it a lot, but I don't mind. My friends and I think she's hot.\"", "Balance-toi \"Balance-toi\" is a 2007 song recorded by NBA player Tony Parker. Written and composed by Skalp, Eloquence and Tony Parker, it was the singer's debut single from his eponymous album. It was released on 26 March 2007 and achieved success in France. The song is produced by Skalp, a member of the French producer duo Kore & Skalp. Tony Parker was the first artist to sign with the newly established record label Music One, a record label from French TV station TF1. In the music video, Parker's former wife Eva Longoria can be seen. The song had heavy airplay rotation on French radio stations such as NRJ and Skyrock. In France, the single went straight to number one on 5 May 2007, selling over 10,000 units, and remained at its peak for one week. The following weeks, it fell gradually on the charts and totaled four weeks in the top ten, eleven weeks in top 50 and twenty one weeks on the chart."], "answer": {"text": "Longoria filed for divorce in Los Angeles, citing \"irreconcilable differences\",", "answer_start": 21}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Does Tony Parker in Family Life get along with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who is the actress he dated?", "answer": {"text": "actress Eva Longoria,", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f72ea2bf79924b4a82c4e760ee08937c_0_q#3", "question": "did she get alimony?", "rewrite": "After divorcing Tony Parker, did Eva Longoria get alimony?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the ninth, Longoria was originally called out at second before replay overturned the call. Per Elias Sports Bureau, Longoria became the first player to hit for the cycle while having one of his hits reviewed. Offensively, Longoria had a down year, slashing .261/.313/.414 with 20 home runs, however he excelled defensively, and won his third career Gold Glove Award On December 20, 2017, the Rays traded Longoria and cash considerations to the San Francisco Giants for Christian Arroyo, Denard Span, Matt Krook, and Stephen Woods. On May 5, 2018, Longoria hit a double to mark his 1,500th career hit in an 11-2 victory over the Atlanta Braves. On June 14, Longoria was hit by a pitch on his left hand and left the game. Soon after, it was revealed that there was a fractured fifth metacarpal in his left hand. Two days into his injury, it was revealed that Longoria was facing surgery, which would likely keep him out for 6\u20138 weeks. Longoria experienced a disappointing 2018 season with the Giants as he hit a career-low 16 home runs (which led the Giants), had a career low in runs batted in with 54 and tied his career low with a .244 batting average. In 2019 he batted .254/.325/.437, with 20 home runs. Longoria was called upon on March 19, 2009, to replace Chipper Jones in the World Baseball Classic. The similarity of his name with actress Eva Longoria's has brought about playful comparisons between the two. Although both are Americans of Mexican descent, they are not related. When asked as a college baseball player in 2005 about the name similarity, he admitted that he got \"ragged on it a lot, but I don't mind. My friends and I think she's hot.\"", "Balance-toi \"Balance-toi\" is a 2007 song recorded by NBA player Tony Parker. Written and composed by Skalp, Eloquence and Tony Parker, it was the singer's debut single from his eponymous album. It was released on 26 March 2007 and achieved success in France. The song is produced by Skalp, a member of the French producer duo Kore & Skalp. Tony Parker was the first artist to sign with the newly established record label Music One, a record label from French TV station TF1. In the music video, Parker's former wife Eva Longoria can be seen. The song had heavy airplay rotation on French radio stations such as NRJ and Skyrock. In France, the single went straight to number one on 5 May 2007, selling over 10,000 units, and remained at its peak for one week. The following weeks, it fell gradually on the charts and totaled four weeks in the top ten, eleven weeks in top 50 and twenty one weeks on the chart.", "Parker's parents continue to remain influential in his life even after their divorce. His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone. Parker met actress Eva Longoria, seven years his senior, in November 2004. In August 2005, Longoria confirmed she and Parker were dating, and on 30 November 2006, the couple became engaged. Longoria, a Texas native from nearby Corpus Christi, was a courtside regular at Spurs home games. Parker was quoted during the 2007 NBA All-Star Game saying that, \"Eva is doing everything, I'm just going to show up and say yes.\" They were officially married in a civil service on 6 July 2007, at a Paris city hall. It was followed by a full Roman Catholic wedding ceremony at the Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois Church in Paris, France, on 7 July 2007. Fellow Frenchman NBA player (and future teammate) Boris Diaw was Parker's best man for the wedding. In December 2007, tabloid websites and magazines reported that Parker had been having an extramarital affair with supposed model Alexandra Paressant. Both Parker and Longoria vehemently denied these allegations through their spokespeople, saying \"All high profile couples fall victim to these sorts of things in the course of their relationships. It appears that this is not the first time this woman has used an athlete to gain public notoriety.\" Parker initiated a $20 million lawsuit against the website that first reported the story, which later issued a full retraction and an apology, stating \"X17online.com and X7 [sic], Inc. regret having been misled by Ms. Paressant and her representatives and apologize to Mr. Parker for any damage or inconvenience this may have caused him or his wife.\"", "\"The Harvest\" was produced by Shine Global in association with Globalvision, Romano Film and Photography, and Eva Longoria's UnbeliEVAble Productions. Longoria signed on as an executive producer of the project in 2009. It was directed by U. Roberto (Robin) Romano, photographer of \"Faces of Freedom\". \"The Harvest\" premiered at the International Documentary Film Festival IDFA in Amsterdam in November 2010, and at the Guadalajara International Film Festival in Guadalajara, Mexico on March 26, 2011. Distributed by Cinema Libre, The film had its theatrical debut in New York City on July 29, 2011, and became available on DVD October 2011. Eva Longoria, director U. Roberto Romano, and associate director Julia Perez visited Capitol Hill to mark the anniversary of Representative Lucille Roybal-Allard\u2019s introduction of the CARE Act legislation in September 2009. The Children\u2019s Act for Responsible Employment (CARE Act, HR 3564) addresses the harshest conditions that tens of thousands of children as young as 12 years of age may be subject to, such as restrictions in the number of hours that children work in a day. The intention of the bill is to raise the standard for children working in agriculture to that of any other occupation in the United States. As of September 1, 2010 the bill had 103 co-sponsors. While on Capitol Hill, Longoria and Romano showed scenes from the feature-length documentary to illustrate the harsh working conditions and exploitation of children in the fields. A trailer of the film was first privately screened at a United States Department of Labor panel discussion, hosted by Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis and including Dolores Huerta of the United Farm Workers, filmmaker Robin Romano, Mark Lara from the Department of Labor's Wage and Hour Division, and other experts.", "Isabella Bra\u00f1a Isabella Bra\u00f1a is a fictional character from the American CBS Daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". She was portrayed by Eva Longoria, created by Kay Alden and introduced by former executive producer Edward J. Scott on March 8, 2001. During her run, the character gave birth to Paul Williams' (Doug Davidson) son and later tried to kill his ex-wife, Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell). Described as \"crazy\", \"evil\" and a \"whack job\", Longoria said the character was a challenge to portray. The actress was let go and Longoria last aired on August 15, 2003. Eva Longoria began portraying the role during the episode dated March 8, 2001, on a contract status. The role was introduced when regular Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell) was written out of the series due to her pregnancy, and Longoria was brought to fill her position. Longoria had previously appeared on the soap operas \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"General Hospital\". In June 2003, it was announced that along with two other actors, Longoria would be leaving \"The Young and the Restless\" in what was called a \"shocking plot twist\". Isabella last aired on August 15, 2003. Flashbacks of Longoria's scenes as Isabella were shown on November 9, 2011. On July 2, 2012, the character briefly reappeared, however not portrayed by Longoria, but by an unidentified actress whose face was never shown. Isabella was a mentally ill woman who had an affair with Christine Blair's (Lauralee Bell) husband Paul Williams (Doug Davidson), resulting in the birth of their son Ricky Williams. The character was penned by Michael Logan of \"TV Guide\" as a \"nutjob\" who made Christine's life a \"living hell\"."], "answer": {"text": "The couple had a prenuptial agreement that was signed in June 2007, the month before their wedding, and amended two years later", "answer_start": 142}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Does Tony Parker in Family Life get along with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who is the actress he dated?", "answer": {"text": "actress Eva Longoria,", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have things in common?", "answer": {"text": "Longoria filed for divorce in Los Angeles, citing \"irreconcilable differences\",", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f72ea2bf79924b4a82c4e760ee08937c_0_q#4", "question": "was he dating another woman while married?", "rewrite": "Besides Eva Longoria, was Tony Parker dating another woman while married?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Isabella Bra\u00f1a Isabella Bra\u00f1a is a fictional character from the American CBS Daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". She was portrayed by Eva Longoria, created by Kay Alden and introduced by former executive producer Edward J. Scott on March 8, 2001. During her run, the character gave birth to Paul Williams' (Doug Davidson) son and later tried to kill his ex-wife, Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell). Described as \"crazy\", \"evil\" and a \"whack job\", Longoria said the character was a challenge to portray. The actress was let go and Longoria last aired on August 15, 2003. Eva Longoria began portraying the role during the episode dated March 8, 2001, on a contract status. The role was introduced when regular Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell) was written out of the series due to her pregnancy, and Longoria was brought to fill her position. Longoria had previously appeared on the soap operas \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"General Hospital\". In June 2003, it was announced that along with two other actors, Longoria would be leaving \"The Young and the Restless\" in what was called a \"shocking plot twist\". Isabella last aired on August 15, 2003. Flashbacks of Longoria's scenes as Isabella were shown on November 9, 2011. On July 2, 2012, the character briefly reappeared, however not portrayed by Longoria, but by an unidentified actress whose face was never shown. Isabella was a mentally ill woman who had an affair with Christine Blair's (Lauralee Bell) husband Paul Williams (Doug Davidson), resulting in the birth of their son Ricky Williams. The character was penned by Michael Logan of \"TV Guide\" as a \"nutjob\" who made Christine's life a \"living hell\".", "Parker's parents continue to remain influential in his life even after their divorce. His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone. Parker met actress Eva Longoria, seven years his senior, in November 2004. In August 2005, Longoria confirmed she and Parker were dating, and on 30 November 2006, the couple became engaged. Longoria, a Texas native from nearby Corpus Christi, was a courtside regular at Spurs home games. Parker was quoted during the 2007 NBA All-Star Game saying that, \"Eva is doing everything, I'm just going to show up and say yes.\" They were officially married in a civil service on 6 July 2007, at a Paris city hall. It was followed by a full Roman Catholic wedding ceremony at the Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois Church in Paris, France, on 7 July 2007. Fellow Frenchman NBA player (and future teammate) Boris Diaw was Parker's best man for the wedding. In December 2007, tabloid websites and magazines reported that Parker had been having an extramarital affair with supposed model Alexandra Paressant. Both Parker and Longoria vehemently denied these allegations through their spokespeople, saying \"All high profile couples fall victim to these sorts of things in the course of their relationships. It appears that this is not the first time this woman has used an athlete to gain public notoriety.\" Parker initiated a $20 million lawsuit against the website that first reported the story, which later issued a full retraction and an apology, stating \"X17online.com and X7 [sic], Inc. regret having been misled by Ms. Paressant and her representatives and apologize to Mr. Parker for any damage or inconvenience this may have caused him or his wife.\"", "On 17 November 2010, Longoria filed for divorce in Los Angeles, citing \"irreconcilable differences\", and seeking spousal support from Parker. The couple had a prenuptial agreement that was signed in June 2007, the month before their wedding, and amended two years later in June 2009. Longoria believed that Parker had been cheating on her with another woman; Extra identified the other woman as Erin Barry, the wife of Brent Barry, Parker's former teammate, and revealed that the Barrys were also in the midst of a divorce. On 19 November 2010, Parker filed for divorce from Longoria in Bexar County, Texas on the grounds of \"discord or conflict of personalities\", thus establishing a legal battle over where the divorce case would be heard. Unlike Longoria's divorce petition, Parker's did not mention a prenuptial agreement and claimed that the parties \"will enter into an agreement for the division of their estate\". The divorce was finalized in Texas on 28 January 2011, the same day Longoria's lawyer filed papers to dismiss her Los Angeles petition. Parker began dating French journalist Axelle Francine in 2011. In June 2013, it was reported that the couple got engaged. Parker and Axelle Francine married on August 2, 2014. They have two sons, Josh Parker, born in April 2014, and Liam Parker, born in July 2016.", "In the ninth, Longoria was originally called out at second before replay overturned the call. Per Elias Sports Bureau, Longoria became the first player to hit for the cycle while having one of his hits reviewed. Offensively, Longoria had a down year, slashing .261/.313/.414 with 20 home runs, however he excelled defensively, and won his third career Gold Glove Award On December 20, 2017, the Rays traded Longoria and cash considerations to the San Francisco Giants for Christian Arroyo, Denard Span, Matt Krook, and Stephen Woods. On May 5, 2018, Longoria hit a double to mark his 1,500th career hit in an 11-2 victory over the Atlanta Braves. On June 14, Longoria was hit by a pitch on his left hand and left the game. Soon after, it was revealed that there was a fractured fifth metacarpal in his left hand. Two days into his injury, it was revealed that Longoria was facing surgery, which would likely keep him out for 6\u20138 weeks. Longoria experienced a disappointing 2018 season with the Giants as he hit a career-low 16 home runs (which led the Giants), had a career low in runs batted in with 54 and tied his career low with a .244 batting average. In 2019 he batted .254/.325/.437, with 20 home runs. Longoria was called upon on March 19, 2009, to replace Chipper Jones in the World Baseball Classic. The similarity of his name with actress Eva Longoria's has brought about playful comparisons between the two. Although both are Americans of Mexican descent, they are not related. When asked as a college baseball player in 2005 about the name similarity, he admitted that he got \"ragged on it a lot, but I don't mind. My friends and I think she's hot.\"", "Balance-toi \"Balance-toi\" is a 2007 song recorded by NBA player Tony Parker. Written and composed by Skalp, Eloquence and Tony Parker, it was the singer's debut single from his eponymous album. It was released on 26 March 2007 and achieved success in France. The song is produced by Skalp, a member of the French producer duo Kore & Skalp. Tony Parker was the first artist to sign with the newly established record label Music One, a record label from French TV station TF1. In the music video, Parker's former wife Eva Longoria can be seen. The song had heavy airplay rotation on French radio stations such as NRJ and Skyrock. In France, the single went straight to number one on 5 May 2007, selling over 10,000 units, and remained at its peak for one week. The following weeks, it fell gradually on the charts and totaled four weeks in the top ten, eleven weeks in top 50 and twenty one weeks on the chart."], "answer": {"text": "Longoria believed that Parker had been cheating on her with another woman; Extra identified the other woman as Erin Barry, the wife of Brent Barry,", "answer_start": 284}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Does Tony Parker in Family Life get along with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who is the actress he dated?", "answer": {"text": "actress Eva Longoria,", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have things in common?", "answer": {"text": "Longoria filed for divorce in Los Angeles, citing \"irreconcilable differences\",", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did she get alimony?", "answer": {"text": "The couple had a prenuptial agreement that was signed in June 2007, the month before their wedding, and amended two years later", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f72ea2bf79924b4a82c4e760ee08937c_0_q#5", "question": "when was their divorce finalized?", "rewrite": "When was the divorce between Tony Parker and Eva  Longoria finalized?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Parker's parents continue to remain influential in his life even after their divorce. His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone. Parker met actress Eva Longoria, seven years his senior, in November 2004. In August 2005, Longoria confirmed she and Parker were dating, and on 30 November 2006, the couple became engaged. Longoria, a Texas native from nearby Corpus Christi, was a courtside regular at Spurs home games. Parker was quoted during the 2007 NBA All-Star Game saying that, \"Eva is doing everything, I'm just going to show up and say yes.\" They were officially married in a civil service on 6 July 2007, at a Paris city hall. It was followed by a full Roman Catholic wedding ceremony at the Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois Church in Paris, France, on 7 July 2007. Fellow Frenchman NBA player (and future teammate) Boris Diaw was Parker's best man for the wedding. In December 2007, tabloid websites and magazines reported that Parker had been having an extramarital affair with supposed model Alexandra Paressant. Both Parker and Longoria vehemently denied these allegations through their spokespeople, saying \"All high profile couples fall victim to these sorts of things in the course of their relationships. It appears that this is not the first time this woman has used an athlete to gain public notoriety.\" Parker initiated a $20 million lawsuit against the website that first reported the story, which later issued a full retraction and an apology, stating \"X17online.com and X7 [sic], Inc. regret having been misled by Ms. Paressant and her representatives and apologize to Mr. Parker for any damage or inconvenience this may have caused him or his wife.\"", "Isabella Bra\u00f1a Isabella Bra\u00f1a is a fictional character from the American CBS Daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". She was portrayed by Eva Longoria, created by Kay Alden and introduced by former executive producer Edward J. Scott on March 8, 2001. During her run, the character gave birth to Paul Williams' (Doug Davidson) son and later tried to kill his ex-wife, Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell). Described as \"crazy\", \"evil\" and a \"whack job\", Longoria said the character was a challenge to portray. The actress was let go and Longoria last aired on August 15, 2003. Eva Longoria began portraying the role during the episode dated March 8, 2001, on a contract status. The role was introduced when regular Christine Blair (Lauralee Bell) was written out of the series due to her pregnancy, and Longoria was brought to fill her position. Longoria had previously appeared on the soap operas \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" and \"General Hospital\". In June 2003, it was announced that along with two other actors, Longoria would be leaving \"The Young and the Restless\" in what was called a \"shocking plot twist\". Isabella last aired on August 15, 2003. Flashbacks of Longoria's scenes as Isabella were shown on November 9, 2011. On July 2, 2012, the character briefly reappeared, however not portrayed by Longoria, but by an unidentified actress whose face was never shown. Isabella was a mentally ill woman who had an affair with Christine Blair's (Lauralee Bell) husband Paul Williams (Doug Davidson), resulting in the birth of their son Ricky Williams. The character was penned by Michael Logan of \"TV Guide\" as a \"nutjob\" who made Christine's life a \"living hell\".", "On 17 November 2010, Longoria filed for divorce in Los Angeles, citing \"irreconcilable differences\", and seeking spousal support from Parker. The couple had a prenuptial agreement that was signed in June 2007, the month before their wedding, and amended two years later in June 2009. Longoria believed that Parker had been cheating on her with another woman; Extra identified the other woman as Erin Barry, the wife of Brent Barry, Parker's former teammate, and revealed that the Barrys were also in the midst of a divorce. On 19 November 2010, Parker filed for divorce from Longoria in Bexar County, Texas on the grounds of \"discord or conflict of personalities\", thus establishing a legal battle over where the divorce case would be heard. Unlike Longoria's divorce petition, Parker's did not mention a prenuptial agreement and claimed that the parties \"will enter into an agreement for the division of their estate\". The divorce was finalized in Texas on 28 January 2011, the same day Longoria's lawyer filed papers to dismiss her Los Angeles petition. Parker began dating French journalist Axelle Francine in 2011. In June 2013, it was reported that the couple got engaged. Parker and Axelle Francine married on August 2, 2014. They have two sons, Josh Parker, born in April 2014, and Liam Parker, born in July 2016.", "Balance-toi \"Balance-toi\" is a 2007 song recorded by NBA player Tony Parker. Written and composed by Skalp, Eloquence and Tony Parker, it was the singer's debut single from his eponymous album. It was released on 26 March 2007 and achieved success in France. The song is produced by Skalp, a member of the French producer duo Kore & Skalp. Tony Parker was the first artist to sign with the newly established record label Music One, a record label from French TV station TF1. In the music video, Parker's former wife Eva Longoria can be seen. The song had heavy airplay rotation on French radio stations such as NRJ and Skyrock. In France, the single went straight to number one on 5 May 2007, selling over 10,000 units, and remained at its peak for one week. The following weeks, it fell gradually on the charts and totaled four weeks in the top ten, eleven weeks in top 50 and twenty one weeks on the chart.", "In the ninth, Longoria was originally called out at second before replay overturned the call. Per Elias Sports Bureau, Longoria became the first player to hit for the cycle while having one of his hits reviewed. Offensively, Longoria had a down year, slashing .261/.313/.414 with 20 home runs, however he excelled defensively, and won his third career Gold Glove Award On December 20, 2017, the Rays traded Longoria and cash considerations to the San Francisco Giants for Christian Arroyo, Denard Span, Matt Krook, and Stephen Woods. On May 5, 2018, Longoria hit a double to mark his 1,500th career hit in an 11-2 victory over the Atlanta Braves. On June 14, Longoria was hit by a pitch on his left hand and left the game. Soon after, it was revealed that there was a fractured fifth metacarpal in his left hand. Two days into his injury, it was revealed that Longoria was facing surgery, which would likely keep him out for 6\u20138 weeks. Longoria experienced a disappointing 2018 season with the Giants as he hit a career-low 16 home runs (which led the Giants), had a career low in runs batted in with 54 and tied his career low with a .244 batting average. In 2019 he batted .254/.325/.437, with 20 home runs. Longoria was called upon on March 19, 2009, to replace Chipper Jones in the World Baseball Classic. The similarity of his name with actress Eva Longoria's has brought about playful comparisons between the two. Although both are Americans of Mexican descent, they are not related. When asked as a college baseball player in 2005 about the name similarity, he admitted that he got \"ragged on it a lot, but I don't mind. My friends and I think she's hot.\""], "answer": {"text": "The divorce was finalized in Texas on 28 January 2011,", "answer_start": 920}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Does Tony Parker in Family Life get along with his parents?", "answer": {"text": "His mother, a health-food coach, gives him tips on healthy eating, while he discusses his performance after each game with his father over the phone.", "answer_start": 86, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who is the actress he dated?", "answer": {"text": "actress Eva Longoria,", "answer_start": 247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did they have things in common?", "answer": {"text": "Longoria filed for divorce in Los Angeles, citing \"irreconcilable differences\",", "answer_start": 21, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "did she get alimony?", "answer": {"text": "The couple had a prenuptial agreement that was signed in June 2007, the month before their wedding, and amended two years later", "answer_start": 142, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "was he dating another woman while married?", "answer": {"text": "Longoria believed that Parker had been cheating on her with another woman; Extra identified the other woman as Erin Barry, the wife of Brent Barry,", "answer_start": 284, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a64ac1ad9134701b8a22e688f8d2e85_1_q#0", "question": "What was Corea's original music style?", "rewrite": "What was Corea's original music style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James Alfred Ernest Corea Dr James Alfred Ernest Corea was a Sri Lankan public official. He was born in 1870. His father was Charles Edward Bandaranaike Corea who was a Proctor of the Supreme Court. His mother was Henrietta Seneviratne. J.A.E Corea's father died in 1872 when his youngest son Victor was just one. His wife Henrietta was a widow from the age of 21. James Alfred Ernest Corea grew up in the west coast town of Chilaw, with his older brother and his three younger siblings, They lived with their mother, who was of the Seneviratne family of Sri Lanka. J.A.E Corea was educated at Royal College, Colombo along with his older brother Charles Edgar Corea. After leaving Royal College, he participated in a five year course at the Ceylon Medical College and qualified as a doctor. Following this, he entered government service and held his appointments at Elkaduwa and Kandy. Following his marriage to Letita Grace Alice Senevirante in 1897, he resigned, but continued his practice in Chilaw privately. He was the brother of Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea, Agnes Corea and Evangeline Corea. Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea were freedom fighters in Sri Lanka during British rule. C.E. Corea was elected president of the Ceylon National Congress in 1924. Both brothers were also elected members of the Legislative Council of Ceylon. The Sunday Times newspaper of Sri Lanka writing about the three brothers, noted: 'Of the three boys, the eldest, Charles Edgar Corea, was educated at Royal College and having excelled in studies and cricket, he passed out as a proctor of the Supreme Court, took to politics and in 1924 was elected president of the Ceylon National Congress.", "Victor Corea had six sons: Carlton Corea, (a Civil Servant), Norman Corea, (a well known Sri Lankan musician), Siddhartha Corea, (a Homeopathic Doctor and pioneer of Homeopathy on the island), Eric, Charles (Charlie) Corea (who worked for the Insurance Corporation of Sri Lanka), Sri Sangabo Corea, (a pioneer in the field of advertising in Sri Lanka) and a daughter, Sara. His grand children went on the play pivotal roles on the national and international stages among them: Dr. Gamani Corea, Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations, Sri Sangabo Corea, a pioneer in the field of advertising in Sri Lanka and the media personality Dr. Vijaya Corea who was appointed Director-General of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation and Patron of the Edirimanne Corea Family Union in Colombo. Victor Corea died on 6 June 1962 at 91 years old. He will be remembered for his bravery and his battle with the British for independence. He will also be remembered for getting the Poll Tax abolished and being a brilliant Advocate. On 2 December 2008, the people of Chilaw paid tribute to Victor by having a statue built in his hometown. The statue was sculptured by Kalasoori Ariyawansa Weerakkody. Victor Corea was a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea also known as Edirille Rala, who was given the Kingdoms of Kotte and Sitawaka by King Vimala Dharma Suriya, the King of Kandy, in 1596. King Dominicus Corea, like his descendant Victor Corea, fought for and against the Portuguese, who had colonised Ceylon.", "Charles Edward Bandaranaike Corea Charles Edward Bandaranaike Corea (? \u2013 1872) was a Sri Lankan lawyer. Charles Edward Bandaranaike Corea was born in Sri Lanka to Cornelia Dias Bandaranaike and Simon Corea. Simon Corea was a son of David Christoffel Corea and was also a Justice of the Peace and succeeded his brother Johannes as Mudaliyar of Alutkuru Korale. He was the brother of Henry Richard, Mudaliyar of Alutkuru Korale, George Edmund, a Master of the Royal College, Jumeaux and Simon Corea. Charles Edward entered into the legal profession and became a Proctor of the Supreme Court. He married Henrietta Seneviratne and had five children, his three sons were Charles Edgar Corea, James Alfred Ernest Corea and Victor Corea and his two daughters were Agnes Eveline Rhoda and Evangeline Henrietta Corea. His eldest son Charles Edgar Corea and his youngest son Victor Corea followed in their father's footsteps and also entered the legal profession while James Alfred Ernest Corea became a doctor. Charles Edward's family lived in Ceylon and were known as one of the wealthiest families when he married into the Seneviratne family owning many acres of land. His three sons attended the famous Sri Lankan educational institution, S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. They excelled in different studies, most notably the eldest son Charles Edgar Corea who was described as 'One of the finest speakers of the English language' by Warden Stone of S. Thomas' College. The well known Sri Lankan author, Kumari Jayawardena, described Charles Edward as 'a leading lawyer' and also describes him and his family as 'a highly respected family in Chilaw'.", "Ivan Corea Hector Vernon Ivan Seneviratne Corea (Sinhala: \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dbb\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db1\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0dba\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dcf) was a highly respected priest of the Church of Ceylon. Born in Chilaw, Ceylon, he was the son of James Alfred Ernest Corea and Letitia Grace Alice Seneviratne. His uncles were the famed freedom fighters of Sri Lanka, Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea who founded the Chilaw Association and the Ceylon National Congress. Ivan Corea was a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea, also known as Edirille Rala. He was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka by Vimala Dharma Suriya, King of Kandy, in 1596. The great Mahatma Gandhi met Ivan Corea's father when he was hosted by the Corea Family in Chilaw, on his first and only visit to Ceylon in 1927. The young Corea was educated at Royal College Colombo. He joined the clergy of the Anglican Church of Ceylon in 1926, an early posting was at St. Phillip's Church in Kurana, Katunayake. Having spent several years in the priesthood, Corea was appointed Chaplain to the Bishop of Colombo. He was also made a Canon of the Cathedral Church of Christ in his sacerdotal silver jubilee. In the 1960s, Corea was appointed Rural Dean of Colombo, of the Church of Ceylon. He was Vicar of St. Luke's Church Borella for over 25 years (1929\u20131954). Corea and his wife Ouida Corea played a key role in re-building St. Luke's Church in Borella. The edifice was designed by Corea, including the designs on each pillar, the octagonal tower of the sanctuary, the doors and windows, and all decorative motifs within the church.", "Vijaya Corea Vijaya Corea is a radio and television broadcaster and one of Sri Lanka's most well known media personalities. Corea is a household name in Sri Lanka, synonymous with broadcasting and show business for over four decades, and has often been referred to as Sri Lanka's No. 1 Compere. He grew up in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Vijaya Corea is the son of Dr. C.V.S. Corea and Amybelle Corea and the step-brother of Dr. Gamani Corea who was the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations. Corea's grandfather was the famed freedom fighter of Ceylon, Victor Corea. He is a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea who was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka in 1596 by Vimala Drama Suriya, King of Kandy. He was educated at the well known educational institution in Sri Lanka \u2013 St. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. After he left school, Corea was planning to further his studies in Accountancy. Corea joined the Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon in 1964, lending his voice to the popular children's program \"Kiddies Corner\". The American presenter, Craig Thompson, was unwell at the time, so Corea who was visiting Radio Ceylon was asked to step in, by his cousin Vernon Corea, despite having no prior broadcasting experience. He proved to be a natural, however, and lost no time in establishing himself as the most sought after commercial broadcaster. The impact of his voice and style before the microphone captivated the hearts of listeners. He joined Radio Ceylon at a time when the station was ruling the airwaves, right across the Indian sub-continent. The announcers of Radio Ceylon enjoyed star status in South Asia."], "answer": {"text": "In the early 1970s, Corea took a profound stylistic turn from avant-garde to a crossover jazz fusion style", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0a64ac1ad9134701b8a22e688f8d2e85_1_q#1", "question": "What was the new style Corea switched to during the early 1970s?", "rewrite": "What was the new style Corea switched to during the early 1970s?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Victor Corea had six sons: Carlton Corea, (a Civil Servant), Norman Corea, (a well known Sri Lankan musician), Siddhartha Corea, (a Homeopathic Doctor and pioneer of Homeopathy on the island), Eric, Charles (Charlie) Corea (who worked for the Insurance Corporation of Sri Lanka), Sri Sangabo Corea, (a pioneer in the field of advertising in Sri Lanka) and a daughter, Sara. His grand children went on the play pivotal roles on the national and international stages among them: Dr. Gamani Corea, Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations, Sri Sangabo Corea, a pioneer in the field of advertising in Sri Lanka and the media personality Dr. Vijaya Corea who was appointed Director-General of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation and Patron of the Edirimanne Corea Family Union in Colombo. Victor Corea died on 6 June 1962 at 91 years old. He will be remembered for his bravery and his battle with the British for independence. He will also be remembered for getting the Poll Tax abolished and being a brilliant Advocate. On 2 December 2008, the people of Chilaw paid tribute to Victor by having a statue built in his hometown. The statue was sculptured by Kalasoori Ariyawansa Weerakkody. Victor Corea was a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea also known as Edirille Rala, who was given the Kingdoms of Kotte and Sitawaka by King Vimala Dharma Suriya, the King of Kandy, in 1596. King Dominicus Corea, like his descendant Victor Corea, fought for and against the Portuguese, who had colonised Ceylon.", "Piyaneni  Piyaneni is a classic Sri Lankan pop song composed by the Sri Lankan musician, Clarence Wijewardena. It is a tribute in song to the love of a father. Wijeywardena used the rhythmic pattern of the Bossa nova for 'Piyaneni'. In the 1960s Clarence Wijewardena was mentored by the pioneer Radio Ceylon broadcaster, Vernon Corea who helped him to reach the pinnacle of fame in the music world in Sri Lanka. Vernon Corea also played the music of Clarence Wijewardena, Annesley Malewana and the Moonstones not only on his radio programmes on Radio Ceylon but also on his popular programme 'London Sounds Eastern', on BBC Radio London in the late 1970s. He was invited by Clarence to write on a 1970s Lotus LP sleeve. Vernon Corea wrote: \"We have all shared the treat of your lovely Lyrics, your tuneful compositions, your friendly presentation and your spontaneous sense of sharing with your followers, your treasury of talent. Keep going, keep growing, keep glowing\". In the early 1970s Clarence Wijewardena composed 'Piyaneni' as a tribute to Reverend Canon Ivan Corea, the father of Radio Ceylon/BBC broadcaster Vernon Corea and Ambassador Ernest Corea. Reverend Ivan Corea was a much loved priest who worked for the poor on the island. He had helped the poorest of the poor - the Rodiya Community in Sri Lanka. Clarence Wijewardena had visited Vernon Corea's residence in Maha Nuge Gardens in Colombo in the 1960s and met Reverend Corea prior to his death in 1968. 'Piyaneni' went on to become a hit in South Asia. Wijewardena's partner Annesley Malewana who was a member of the 'Moonstones' and the 'Super Golden Chimes'", "Vijaya Corea Vijaya Corea is a radio and television broadcaster and one of Sri Lanka's most well known media personalities. Corea is a household name in Sri Lanka, synonymous with broadcasting and show business for over four decades, and has often been referred to as Sri Lanka's No. 1 Compere. He grew up in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Vijaya Corea is the son of Dr. C.V.S. Corea and Amybelle Corea and the step-brother of Dr. Gamani Corea who was the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations. Corea's grandfather was the famed freedom fighter of Ceylon, Victor Corea. He is a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea who was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka in 1596 by Vimala Drama Suriya, King of Kandy. He was educated at the well known educational institution in Sri Lanka \u2013 St. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. After he left school, Corea was planning to further his studies in Accountancy. Corea joined the Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon in 1964, lending his voice to the popular children's program \"Kiddies Corner\". The American presenter, Craig Thompson, was unwell at the time, so Corea who was visiting Radio Ceylon was asked to step in, by his cousin Vernon Corea, despite having no prior broadcasting experience. He proved to be a natural, however, and lost no time in establishing himself as the most sought after commercial broadcaster. The impact of his voice and style before the microphone captivated the hearts of listeners. He joined Radio Ceylon at a time when the station was ruling the airwaves, right across the Indian sub-continent. The announcers of Radio Ceylon enjoyed star status in South Asia.", "Ivan Corea Hector Vernon Ivan Seneviratne Corea (Sinhala: \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dbb\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db1\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0dba\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dcf) was a highly respected priest of the Church of Ceylon. Born in Chilaw, Ceylon, he was the son of James Alfred Ernest Corea and Letitia Grace Alice Seneviratne. His uncles were the famed freedom fighters of Sri Lanka, Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea who founded the Chilaw Association and the Ceylon National Congress. Ivan Corea was a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea, also known as Edirille Rala. He was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka by Vimala Dharma Suriya, King of Kandy, in 1596. The great Mahatma Gandhi met Ivan Corea's father when he was hosted by the Corea Family in Chilaw, on his first and only visit to Ceylon in 1927. The young Corea was educated at Royal College Colombo. He joined the clergy of the Anglican Church of Ceylon in 1926, an early posting was at St. Phillip's Church in Kurana, Katunayake. Having spent several years in the priesthood, Corea was appointed Chaplain to the Bishop of Colombo. He was also made a Canon of the Cathedral Church of Christ in his sacerdotal silver jubilee. In the 1960s, Corea was appointed Rural Dean of Colombo, of the Church of Ceylon. He was Vicar of St. Luke's Church Borella for over 25 years (1929\u20131954). Corea and his wife Ouida Corea played a key role in re-building St. Luke's Church in Borella. The edifice was designed by Corea, including the designs on each pillar, the octagonal tower of the sanctuary, the doors and windows, and all decorative motifs within the church.", "Euzopherodes oberleae Euzopherodes oberleae is a species of snout moth in the genus \"Euzopherodes\". It was described by Yamanaka in 2006, and is known from Japan."], "answer": {"text": "a crossover jazz fusion style that incorporated Latin jazz", "answer_start": 77}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Corea's original music style?", "answer": {"text": "In the early 1970s, Corea took a profound stylistic turn from avant-garde to a crossover jazz fusion style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a64ac1ad9134701b8a22e688f8d2e85_1_q#2", "question": "What album first featured Corea's new style?", "rewrite": "What album first featured Corea's new style?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vijaya Corea Vijaya Corea is a radio and television broadcaster and one of Sri Lanka's most well known media personalities. Corea is a household name in Sri Lanka, synonymous with broadcasting and show business for over four decades, and has often been referred to as Sri Lanka's No. 1 Compere. He grew up in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Vijaya Corea is the son of Dr. C.V.S. Corea and Amybelle Corea and the step-brother of Dr. Gamani Corea who was the Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations. Corea's grandfather was the famed freedom fighter of Ceylon, Victor Corea. He is a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea who was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka in 1596 by Vimala Drama Suriya, King of Kandy. He was educated at the well known educational institution in Sri Lanka \u2013 St. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia. After he left school, Corea was planning to further his studies in Accountancy. Corea joined the Commercial Service of Radio Ceylon in 1964, lending his voice to the popular children's program \"Kiddies Corner\". The American presenter, Craig Thompson, was unwell at the time, so Corea who was visiting Radio Ceylon was asked to step in, by his cousin Vernon Corea, despite having no prior broadcasting experience. He proved to be a natural, however, and lost no time in establishing himself as the most sought after commercial broadcaster. The impact of his voice and style before the microphone captivated the hearts of listeners. He joined Radio Ceylon at a time when the station was ruling the airwaves, right across the Indian sub-continent. The announcers of Radio Ceylon enjoyed star status in South Asia.", "After the release of \"Romantic Warrior\" and Return to Forever's subsequent tour in support (as well as having in addition signed a multimillion-dollar contract with CBS), Corea shocked Clarke by deciding to change the lineup of the group and to not include either White or Di Meola. In 1983, this lineup did a short reunion tour of the U.S. and Japan, but did not record a new album, and rather recorded only one track that was issued on Corea's 1982 \"Touchstone\" album entitled \"Compadres\". The repertoire for the tour included some new material by Corea, including one piece titled \"Overture\" that was later recorded by the Chick Corea Elektric Band for the live various artists double album \"GRP Super Live in Concert\" (1992), and another titled \"The Phantom\" that Di Meola later recorded on his album \"Kiss My Axe\" (1991). The final incarnation of Return to Forever featured Corea, Clarke and Joe Farrell as well as a four-piece horn section and Corea's wife Gayle Moran on vocals, but recorded only one studio album, \"Musicmagic\" (1977). In 1978, after issuing a live album of the tour titled \"Return to Forever Live: The Complete Concert\" (a four-LP set, also released in edited form as a single LP and later as a double CD), Chick Corea officially disbanded the group. The classic Return to Forever line-up of Corea, Clarke, White, and Di Meola reunited for a tour of the United States and Europe that began in the summer of 2008.", "Ivan Corea Hector Vernon Ivan Seneviratne Corea (Sinhala: \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dbb\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db1\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0dba\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dcf) was a highly respected priest of the Church of Ceylon. Born in Chilaw, Ceylon, he was the son of James Alfred Ernest Corea and Letitia Grace Alice Seneviratne. His uncles were the famed freedom fighters of Sri Lanka, Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea who founded the Chilaw Association and the Ceylon National Congress. Ivan Corea was a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea, also known as Edirille Rala. He was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka by Vimala Dharma Suriya, King of Kandy, in 1596. The great Mahatma Gandhi met Ivan Corea's father when he was hosted by the Corea Family in Chilaw, on his first and only visit to Ceylon in 1927. The young Corea was educated at Royal College Colombo. He joined the clergy of the Anglican Church of Ceylon in 1926, an early posting was at St. Phillip's Church in Kurana, Katunayake. Having spent several years in the priesthood, Corea was appointed Chaplain to the Bishop of Colombo. He was also made a Canon of the Cathedral Church of Christ in his sacerdotal silver jubilee. In the 1960s, Corea was appointed Rural Dean of Colombo, of the Church of Ceylon. He was Vicar of St. Luke's Church Borella for over 25 years (1929\u20131954). Corea and his wife Ouida Corea played a key role in re-building St. Luke's Church in Borella. The edifice was designed by Corea, including the designs on each pillar, the octagonal tower of the sanctuary, the doors and windows, and all decorative motifs within the church.", "While their second jazz rock album, \"Where Have I Known You Before\" (1974) was similar in style to its immediate predecessor, Corea now played synthesizers in addition to electric keyboards (including piano), and Clarke's playing had evolved considerably- now using flange and fuzz-tone effects, and with his now signature style beginning to emerge. After Bill Connors left the band to concentrate on his solo career, the group also hired new guitarists. Although Earl Klugh played guitar for some of the group's live performances, he was soon replaced by the then 19-year-old guitar prodigy Al Di Meola, who had also played on the album recording sessions. Their following album, \"No Mystery\" (1975), was recorded with the same line-up as \" Where Have I Known You Before\", but the style of music had become more varied. The first side of the record consisted primarily of jazz-funk, while the second side featured Corea's acoustic title track and a long composition with a strong Spanish influence. On this and the following album, each member of the group composed at least one of the tracks. \" No Mystery\" went on to win the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance by a Group. The final album by this longest-lasting \"classic\" lineup of the group, which had by this time left Polydor for Columbia Records, was \"Romantic Warrior\" (1976), the best selling of all Return to Forever's efforts, eventually reaching gold disc status. \" Romantic Warrior\" continued their experiments in the realms of jazz-rock and related musical genres, and was lauded by critics for both the technically demanding style of its compositions as well as for its accomplished musicianship.", "While Purim's vocals lent some commercial appeal to the music, many of their compositions were also instrumental and somewhat experimental in nature. The music was composed by Corea with the exception of the title track of the second album which was written by Stanley Clarke. Lyrics were often written by Corea's friend Neville Potter, and were quite often Scientology-themed. Clarke himself became involved in Scientology through Corea, but eventually left the religion in the early 1980s. Their first album, titled simply \"Return to Forever\", was recorded for ECM Records in 1972, and was initially released only in Europe. This album featured Corea's now famous compositions \"Crystal Silence\" and \"La Fiesta\". Shortly afterwards, Corea, Airto, Clarke and Tony Williams formed the band for Stan Getz's album \"Captain Marvel\" (1972), which featured Corea's compositions, including some from the first and second Return to Forever albums. Their second album, \"Light as a Feather\" (1973), was released by Polydor and included the song \"Spain\", which also became quite well known. After the second album, Farrell, Purim and Moreira left the group to form their own band, and guitarist Bill Connors, drummer Steve Gadd and percussionist Mingo Lewis were added. However, Gadd was unwilling to tour with the band and risk his job as an in-demand session drummer. Lenny White (who had played with Corea in Miles Davis's band) replaced Gadd and Lewis on drums and percussion, and the group's third album, \"Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy\" (1973), was then re-recorded (the first recording, featuring Gadd on drums, was never released and has since disappeared)."], "answer": {"text": "Return to Forever.", "answer_start": 141}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Corea's original music style?", "answer": {"text": "In the early 1970s, Corea took a profound stylistic turn from avant-garde to a crossover jazz fusion style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the new style Corea switched to during the early 1970s?", "answer": {"text": "a crossover jazz fusion style that incorporated Latin jazz", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a64ac1ad9134701b8a22e688f8d2e85_1_q#3", "question": "When was Return to Forever released?", "rewrite": "When was Corea's album Return to Forever released?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the release of \"Romantic Warrior\" and Return to Forever's subsequent tour in support (as well as having in addition signed a multimillion-dollar contract with CBS), Corea shocked Clarke by deciding to change the lineup of the group and to not include either White or Di Meola. In 1983, this lineup did a short reunion tour of the U.S. and Japan, but did not record a new album, and rather recorded only one track that was issued on Corea's 1982 \"Touchstone\" album entitled \"Compadres\". The repertoire for the tour included some new material by Corea, including one piece titled \"Overture\" that was later recorded by the Chick Corea Elektric Band for the live various artists double album \"GRP Super Live in Concert\" (1992), and another titled \"The Phantom\" that Di Meola later recorded on his album \"Kiss My Axe\" (1991). The final incarnation of Return to Forever featured Corea, Clarke and Joe Farrell as well as a four-piece horn section and Corea's wife Gayle Moran on vocals, but recorded only one studio album, \"Musicmagic\" (1977). In 1978, after issuing a live album of the tour titled \"Return to Forever Live: The Complete Concert\" (a four-LP set, also released in edited form as a single LP and later as a double CD), Chick Corea officially disbanded the group. The classic Return to Forever line-up of Corea, Clarke, White, and Di Meola reunited for a tour of the United States and Europe that began in the summer of 2008.", "While Purim's vocals lent some commercial appeal to the music, many of their compositions were also instrumental and somewhat experimental in nature. The music was composed by Corea with the exception of the title track of the second album which was written by Stanley Clarke. Lyrics were often written by Corea's friend Neville Potter, and were quite often Scientology-themed. Clarke himself became involved in Scientology through Corea, but eventually left the religion in the early 1980s. Their first album, titled simply \"Return to Forever\", was recorded for ECM Records in 1972, and was initially released only in Europe. This album featured Corea's now famous compositions \"Crystal Silence\" and \"La Fiesta\". Shortly afterwards, Corea, Airto, Clarke and Tony Williams formed the band for Stan Getz's album \"Captain Marvel\" (1972), which featured Corea's compositions, including some from the first and second Return to Forever albums. Their second album, \"Light as a Feather\" (1973), was released by Polydor and included the song \"Spain\", which also became quite well known. After the second album, Farrell, Purim and Moreira left the group to form their own band, and guitarist Bill Connors, drummer Steve Gadd and percussionist Mingo Lewis were added. However, Gadd was unwilling to tour with the band and risk his job as an in-demand session drummer. Lenny White (who had played with Corea in Miles Davis's band) replaced Gadd and Lewis on drums and percussion, and the group's third album, \"Hymn of the Seventh Galaxy\" (1973), was then re-recorded (the first recording, featuring Gadd on drums, was never released and has since disappeared).", "Naumburg Cathedral Naumburg Cathedral (), located in Naumburg, Germany, is the former cathedral of the Bishopric of Naumburg-Zeitz. The church building, most of which dates back to the 13th century, is a renowned landmark of the German late Romanesque and was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2018. The west choir with the famous donor portrait statues of the twelve cathedral founders (\"Stifterfiguren\") and the \"Lettner\", works of the Naumburg Master, is one of the most significant early Gothic monuments. The church was erected with the relocation of the Episcopal See from Zeitz in 1028, next to an old parish church. Thus it is the proto-cathedral of the former Catholic Diocese of Naumburg-Zeitz. With the Reformation, Naumburg and its cathedral became Protestant. Naumburg Cathedral remains a Protestant parish church to this day. Naumburg Cathedral is a part of the tourist route \"Romanesque Road\" in Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1999, 'Naumburg Cathedral and the landscape of the rivers Saale and Unstrut \u2013 an important dominion in the High Middle Ages' are included in the candidate list for UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Germany. On July 1, 2018, only Naumburg Cathedral was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The history of the town of Naumburg begins at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. Due to a lack of written documentation, details and exact dates are unknown. However, it is likely that Markgraf (Margrave) Ekkehard I of Meissen and the most powerful man on the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire was the founder. He erected a residence on a roughly high rock above the right bank of the Saale river, near the mouth of the Unstrut.", "The World Heritage Committee decided to defer the nomination in order to allow for a revision and renewed submission taking into account the recommendations of the ICOMOS-evaluation and seeking the guidance and advice by ICOMOS in the process. On 1 February 2016, Germany submitted a renewed submission to the World Heritage Centre in Paris, UNESCO. This nomination was discussed at the 41st meeting of the World Heritage Committee in Krak\u00f3w, Poland, from 2 until 12 July 2017 where the Committee decided upon the Outstanding Universal Value of the Naumburg Cathedral. Germany submitted the revised nomination \"Naumburg Cathedral\" on 1 February 2018. However, only Naumburg Cathedral was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site on July 1, 2018. The German officials were indifferent about the decision of excluding the surrounding landscape. The cultural landscape around the Naumburg Cathedral is a cultural landscape that illustrates the \"evolution of human society and settlement over time\". This landscape was created intentionally by man. The Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut displays the rise of the Central Middle Ages in Europe. This was a time of rise, a \u2033take off\u2033 due to an increase in population, Christianization and major transformation in agriculture. The \u2033Landesausbau\u2033, urban development, internal colonization and territorialisation, took place all across Europe. \u2033Never again has Europe seen such cultural and institutional uniformity as at that time\u2033. The nominated area serves as an extraordinary model region due to the density and quality of elements displaying mediaeval land development and land exploitation. It was a melting pot of populations of different origins, Frankish, Thuringian, Saxon, Flemish, and Slavonic. Furthermore, as a sensitive border region, it was shaped by ecclesiastical and secular powers seeking the rights of possession, representation and defense.", "Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut The Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut is situated at the heart of the Federal Republic of Germany in the State of Saxony-Anhalt. Naumburg Cathedral and the landscpae has been proposed by Germany for inscription in the List of World Heritage. On July 1, 2018, only Naumburg Cathedral was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The landscape around the World Heritage nomination \"Naumburg Cathedral\" is representative for processes at the High Middle Ages that shaped the whole continent: Christianization, settlement and cultivation processes, the so-called Landesausbau, that took place between 1000 and 1300. This borderland region also bears witness of the intercultural exchange of different cultures in the High Middle Ages. The highest-ranking buildings and works of art, most of all Naumburg Cathedral with its globally unique artistic and iconographic founder figures, provides testimony to the claims to power and the self-confidence of the worldly and spiritual rulers as well as to the region's crucial role as a place of interchange between Western and Eastern realms. In 1998, Naumburg Cathedral was inscribed into the Tentative List for World Heritage nominations and extended seven years later by its surrounding cultural landscape. \u2033The \u2032Naumburg Cathedral and the surrounding cultural landscape along the rivers Saale and Unstrut\u2032 are outstanding and representative examples of the High Middle Ages (1000\u20131300). Nowhere else in the world has such a high density of monuments and cultural landscape elements from the High Middle Ages been preserved in such a small space in such a level of authenticity in its original spatial setting.\u2033. The nomination was discussed on the 39th meeting of World Heritage Committee."], "answer": {"text": "1972", "answer_start": 188}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Corea's original music style?", "answer": {"text": "In the early 1970s, Corea took a profound stylistic turn from avant-garde to a crossover jazz fusion style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the new style Corea switched to during the early 1970s?", "answer": {"text": "a crossover jazz fusion style that incorporated Latin jazz", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What album first featured Corea's new style?", "answer": {"text": "Return to Forever.", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0a64ac1ad9134701b8a22e688f8d2e85_1_q#4", "question": "Who were some of the musicians that Corea played with during this time?", "rewrite": "Who were some of the musicians that Corea played with during the time Return to Forever was recorded?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After the release of \"Romantic Warrior\" and Return to Forever's subsequent tour in support (as well as having in addition signed a multimillion-dollar contract with CBS), Corea shocked Clarke by deciding to change the lineup of the group and to not include either White or Di Meola. In 1983, this lineup did a short reunion tour of the U.S. and Japan, but did not record a new album, and rather recorded only one track that was issued on Corea's 1982 \"Touchstone\" album entitled \"Compadres\". The repertoire for the tour included some new material by Corea, including one piece titled \"Overture\" that was later recorded by the Chick Corea Elektric Band for the live various artists double album \"GRP Super Live in Concert\" (1992), and another titled \"The Phantom\" that Di Meola later recorded on his album \"Kiss My Axe\" (1991). The final incarnation of Return to Forever featured Corea, Clarke and Joe Farrell as well as a four-piece horn section and Corea's wife Gayle Moran on vocals, but recorded only one studio album, \"Musicmagic\" (1977). In 1978, after issuing a live album of the tour titled \"Return to Forever Live: The Complete Concert\" (a four-LP set, also released in edited form as a single LP and later as a double CD), Chick Corea officially disbanded the group. The classic Return to Forever line-up of Corea, Clarke, White, and Di Meola reunited for a tour of the United States and Europe that began in the summer of 2008.", "Claude Corea Sir George Claude Stanley Corea, KBE (29 January 1894 \u2013 2 September 1962) was a Sri Lankan politician and diplomat. He was born on 29 January 1894 to a well known Ceylonese political family hailing from the Western seaboard town of Chilaw. His father was Alfred Winzer Corea who was an officer in government police and his mother was Sarah Elizabeth Herat. In the late 19th Century the Corea brothers, wealthy landed proprietors, set up the Chilaw Association, as a political action group. Sir Claude married Lilie Karmini Chitty (born 1903), daughter of James Morel Chitty, Crown Counsellor, also from Chilaw and a son of Christian S. Chitty and his French Huguenot wife, Auguste Matilde \"Mitzi\" Morel. Lady Corea sported a diamond nose stud and is reported famously to have responded to a journalist's query as to why she wore a diamond on her nose thus: \u201cI prefer diamonds to sapphires\u201d. The journalist had been visiting the United Nations at the time. The Clementine Paddleford papers in the Kansas State University Archives and Manuscripts have an intriguing entry: \u201cCorea, Lady Karmini, wife to Sir Claude Corea, Ceylon's, United Nations Ambassador \u2013 \u2018A Fashion Note at U.N.,\u2019 n.d.\u201d under \u201cPeople, 1932\u20131967\u201d. Lady Corea played an important role in Sir Claude's career as a diplomat. He was educated at Wesley College, Colombo. Sir Claude enjoyed an illustrious political career in wartime Ceylon, entering politics and the State Council in 1931. He acted as Minister of Home Affairs in 1933, becoming Minister of Labour, Industry and Commerce in 1936, coincidentally with his marriage to Lilie Karmani Chitty. He continued as Minister of Labour, Industry and Commerce until 1946.", "He interviewed many Asian stars, including Pandit Ravi Shankar and Usha Uthup. The BBC radio programme drew a huge audience in the capital and was even featured in the Radio Times. Vernon Corea soon climbed the management ladder at the BBC \u2013 he was appointed Local Radio Asian Programmes Officer in 1978. He went on to become the \"Ethnic Minorities Adviser\" to the BBC; This was a senior management appointment \u2013 he held this post at the BBC until his retirement. Vernon Corea played a pivotal role in introducing and mentoring young, gifted and talented people into broadcasting. He trained minority ethnic broadcasters and found placements for them on the BBC Local Radio Network. His work contributed to the diversity of the BBC. Vernon Corea also lectured at the BBC Training Centre. Many of Corea's trainees are now presenters of mainstream radio programmes on BBC Radio. Among those who came to seek Vernon Corea's advice was the top BBC News Presenter, George Alagiah. Corea was also invited to Nepal, Bangladesh and the Maldives to train broadcasters and was introduced to the President of the Maldives on a visit to Male, the capital. Vernon Corea was a Christian , he was very involved in the work of the church in the UK \u2013 he was a Lay Reader of the Church of England at Emmanuel Church in Wimbledon Village, South-West London and previous to that appointment he was Lay Reader at Christ Church, Gipsy Hill in South-East London. Recalling his life, Reginald Massey noted in \"The Guardian\": \"Corea was a born broadcaster and racy raconteur, prone to making outrageous remarks with a straight face. But behind his frivolous manner was a generous and large-hearted Christian, who was also a lay reader at Emmanuel church in Wimbledon village, in south-west London.\" '", "On March 13 Dustin signed a 2\u00bd years contract with Skive IK, beginning at the end of the loan deal binding him to Skive IK til the end of 2015. On September 2, 2014 Corea's contract with Skive IK was cancelled by mutual consent. On January 4, 2015 Dustin Corea signed a 1-year contract with Salvadoran Champions CD FAS. On July 30, 2015, Dustin Corea signed with NASL club FC Edmonton. Corea would spend three seasons in Edmonton. After the 2017 season, with the future of FC Edmonton and the NASL in doubt, Corea was released from FC Edmonton. The Oregon native took part at the 2009 CONCACAF U-17 Championship, in which the United States U-17 qualified to the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup. He was not chosen to participate in the U-17 World Cup competition. The \"Ghost\", as he is popularly known, gained notoriety with his goals against Costa Rica at the 2011 CONCACAF U-20 Championship qualifying, which in turn, by an administrative error on the part of the Salvadoran Football Association, left the El Salvador U-20 out of the 2010 CONCACAF U-20 Championship that was held in Guatemala. Corea played for the U.S. U-17, for which the FESFUT must have sent a letter to FIFA in request for an association change, which was not done. Therefore, El Salvador was disallowed for continuation. After the disqualification it was unclear whether or not the \"Ghost\" could play for El Salvador in any competition. FESFUT had sent a letter to the FIFA for permission on Corea's behalf. It was until July 1, 2011 that the F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) sent the notice of the decision of the \"sole judge of the Players' Status Committee,\" on changing the player's association.", "Ivan Corea Hector Vernon Ivan Seneviratne Corea (Sinhala: \u0dc4\u0dd9\u0d9a\u0dca\u0da7\u0dbb\u0dca \u0dc0\u0dbb\u0dca\u0db1\u0db1\u0dca \u0d85\u0dba\u0dd2\u0dc0\u0db1\u0dca \u0dc3\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dd9\u0dc0\u0dd2\u0dbb\u0dad\u0dca\u0db1 \u0d9a\u0ddc\u0dbb\u0dba\u0dcf) was a highly respected priest of the Church of Ceylon. Born in Chilaw, Ceylon, he was the son of James Alfred Ernest Corea and Letitia Grace Alice Seneviratne. His uncles were the famed freedom fighters of Sri Lanka, Charles Edgar Corea and Victor Corea who founded the Chilaw Association and the Ceylon National Congress. Ivan Corea was a direct descendant of King Dominicus Corea, also known as Edirille Rala. He was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka by Vimala Dharma Suriya, King of Kandy, in 1596. The great Mahatma Gandhi met Ivan Corea's father when he was hosted by the Corea Family in Chilaw, on his first and only visit to Ceylon in 1927. The young Corea was educated at Royal College Colombo. He joined the clergy of the Anglican Church of Ceylon in 1926, an early posting was at St. Phillip's Church in Kurana, Katunayake. Having spent several years in the priesthood, Corea was appointed Chaplain to the Bishop of Colombo. He was also made a Canon of the Cathedral Church of Christ in his sacerdotal silver jubilee. In the 1960s, Corea was appointed Rural Dean of Colombo, of the Church of Ceylon. He was Vicar of St. Luke's Church Borella for over 25 years (1929\u20131954). Corea and his wife Ouida Corea played a key role in re-building St. Luke's Church in Borella. The edifice was designed by Corea, including the designs on each pillar, the octagonal tower of the sanctuary, the doors and windows, and all decorative motifs within the church."], "answer": {"text": "Return to Forever consisted of Flora Purim on vocals, Joe Farrell on flute and soprano saxophone, Airto Moreira on drums , and Stanley Clarke on double bass.", "answer_start": 353}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Corea's original music style?", "answer": {"text": "In the early 1970s, Corea took a profound stylistic turn from avant-garde to a crossover jazz fusion style", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the new style Corea switched to during the early 1970s?", "answer": {"text": "a crossover jazz fusion style that incorporated Latin jazz", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What album first featured Corea's new style?", "answer": {"text": "Return to Forever.", "answer_start": 141, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was Return to Forever released?", "answer": {"text": "1972", "answer_start": 188, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e1a26ef3a8c64460bdcf951d80b1693b_0_q#0", "question": "What sport does Virat Kohli play?", "rewrite": "What sport does Virat Kohli play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of international cricket centuries by Virat Kohli Virat Kohli is an Indian cricketer and the captain of the men's national team . A right-handed top order batsman, he has made 69 centuries in international cricket\u201426 in Test cricket and 43 in One Day Internationals ( ODIs)\u2014. Kohli made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka in August 2008, and scored his first century the following year when he made 107 against the same team at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. His 86-ball 133 not out against Sri Lanka in February 2012 led India to the second highest run-chase by any team in Australia. Former Australian cricketer Dean Jones described the innings as \"one of the greatest ODI knocks of all time\". Kohli's highest score of 183 came against Pakistan during the 2012 Asia Cup; India successfully chased a target of 330 set by Pakistan and Kohli was adjudged man of the match. Following that, in 2013, he made his first century as a captain while playing against the West Indies in a tri-nation tournament. In the bilateral series against Australia in October 2013, Kohli made two centuries in successful run-chases. The first of the two, 100 not out, was scored off 52 balls and remains the fastest ODI century by an Indian. The next century, which was scored off 61 balls, remains the third-fastest by an Indian . In a 2013 interview, former West Indian cricketer Vivian Richards described Kohli as someone whose batting reminds him of himself. In ODIs, 26 of his 43 centuries have come in the second innings, and India have lost only seven ODIs when he has made a century. , Kohli has the most ODI centuries for an active player and is behind Tendulkar (49) on the all-time list.", "Also, while Steve Smith and Virat Kohli both had better batting averages and top scores across ODIs and Tests after gaining captaincy roles, Root has poorer Test averages after gaining the captaincy as of 25 December 2017, although this also coincided with his move from No.4 to No.3 in the England batting order. In 2014, Martin Crowe called Root one of the young \"Fab Four\" of Test cricket along with Kane Williamson, Steve Smith and Virat Kohli. On 6 August 2015, Root became the top ranked Test batsman in the world for the first time aged 24. On 10 August 2015, he reached a Test batting rating of 917, his career high rating. In September 2018, West Indies legend Brian Lara, who was in New York as part of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 Trophy Tour, picked Root as one of the best batsmen in the world, alongside Virat Kohli. In February 2019 Root received widespread commendation after the television coverage's stump microphone picked up part of a verbal altercation with West Indies fast bowler Shannon Gabriel, during the second innings of the final Test match. Although Gabriel's comment was not audible, Root was heard to respond: \u201cDon\u2019t use it as an insult. There\u2019s nothing wrong with being gay.\u201d Root went on to score a century. As of 4 August 2019, Root has scored 16 centuries in both Tests and ODIs.", "Ganemulla  Founded during the British era, Ganemulla (, ) is a midsize town situated in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. Ganemulla is about from Kadawatha on the Colombo-Kandy road. The nearest city to Ganemulla is Gampaha, which is about away. Ganemulla is surrounded by the towns of Kadawatha, Gampaha, Ja-Ela and Kandana. The population in Ganemulla now exceeds 6,000 and is increasing. The majority of the population are Sinhalese Buddhist, with a small Catholic minority. The Sri Lanka Army Commando Regiment is based in Ganemulla. An archaeologically important drainage line was discovered nearby Ganemulla railway station recently, believed to be used in the 18th century when some of the coastal areas of Sri Lanka was under the control of Dutch rulers. However, this has not undergone a proper excavation and is currently in poor condition due to lack of restoration. Ganemulla is the 13th railway station from Colombo Fort on the Colombo-Polgahawele main railway line. The main bus route between Ganemulla and Kadawatha carries the number 223. Further bus routes are 218 between Kadawatha and Ganemulla,  214 between Gampaha and Ganemulla, 738 between Kossinna and Colombo Fort, and 266 and 278 both connecting Ganemulla and Ja-Ela. Routes 276 Gampaha-Kandana and 979 Gampaha-Ragama also serve Ganemulla town.", "RCB most notably defeated the Gujarat Lions by 144 runs, the highest margin in IPL history, during this 4 match winning streak. Through other match results, RCB ended at an unlikely second position at the end of the league stage. Virat Kohli dominated the run-scoring list, while Shane Watson and Yuzvendra Chahal collectively topped the wicket taking list at the end of the league stage. They faced the Gujarat Lions in the Qualifier 1 at their home ground, the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won by 4 wickets to make it to their third final in nine seasons. They played the final against SRH, again in Bangalore. RCB lost a hard-fought match by 8 runs, to end as runners up in this ninth season of the IPL. This is the third instance of RCB losing the finals in the IPL. Yuzvendra Chahal and Shane Watson ended second and third respectively on the list for most wickets. At the launch event of his biography, 'Driven: The Virat Kohli Story' in New Delhi, in October 2016, Kohli announced that RCB would be his permanent IPL franchise that he would play for. Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, Adam Milne, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, Shane Watson, Stuart Binny, Travis Head, Samuel Badree, Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey and KL Rahul were retained by RCB for the 2017 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Tymal Mills for , Aniket Chaudhary for \u20b92 crores, Pawan Negi for \u20b91 crore and Billy Stanlake for \u20b930 lakhs.", "Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, David Wiese, Adam Milne, Varun Aaron, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, and Abu Nechim were retained by RCB for the 2016 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Shane Watson for , Kane Richardson and Stuart Binny for \u20b92 crore each, and Travis Head and Samuel Badree for \u20b950 lakhs each. Other players that joined the team were Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey, Akshay Karnewar, Vikramjeet Malik and Vikas Tokas. KL Rahul and Parvez Rasool also joined RCB for the IPL 2016 edition. Royal Challengers Bangalore started their season with a blitz from AB de Villiers and Virat Kohli against SRH at Bangalore, to comfortably win their first match. A bludgeoning century from Quinton de Kock meant RCB lost their second match of the season. Their form deteriorated in the coming matches, winning only one match of the next five. Although, Virat Kohli and AB de Villier's brilliant form, along with the emergence of KL Rahul as an important member of RCB's batting, were positive points. Royal Challengers needed to win at least 6 of their next seven matches to have a chance at qualifying for the playoffs. They won matches against KXIP and Rising Pune Supergiant, the new entrant in the tournament. But a loss against Mumbai Indians meant they needed 4 wins in 4 matches to qualify. Since then, Virat Kohli found himself in sublime form, with captaincy and the bat."], "answer": {"text": "I watched Virat at the 2008 ICC Under-19 World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. I was mighty impressed with his attitude and the way he was marshalling his team.", "answer_start": 197}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_e1a26ef3a8c64460bdcf951d80b1693b_0_q#1", "question": "Who has Kohli been compared to?", "rewrite": "Who has Virat Kohli been compared to?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2015 saw the beginning of India's dominance at home in Test matches under new captain Virat Kohli when they comprehensively beat South Africa. This series was the beginning of an unbeaten streak of 19 Test matches for India which was brought to an end by Australia in early 2017. This series also saw the emergence of Ravichandran Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja as two of the best spinners and all-rounders. They spun webs around touring batsmen, much like the spinning quartet of the 1970s. This was followed by limited overs victories over Australia and Sri Lanka away from home. India was knocked out of the 2015 World Cup in the semi-final stage, to eventual winners Australia. India began 2016 by winning the 2016 Asia Cup, remaining unbeaten throughout the tournament, beating Pakistan along the way. India were favourites to win the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 which was being held at home, but they lost in the semi-final to eventual champions West Indies. Virat Kohli was again named the man of the series. In 2016, \"The Grand Home Season\" began for India, including series at home against New Zealand, England, Bangladesh and Australia. India whitewashed New Zealand to regain the number one ranking in Test cricket after almost 10 years. Before the series against England in November 2016, MS Dhoni resigned as captain of India in limited overs, thus handing the captaincy to Virat Kohli across all formats. India beat England across all three formats, with a notable 4\u20130 win in the Test series. This was followed by Test series wins against Bangladesh and Australia, which meant India reclaimed the Border Gavaskar Trophy. Ravichandran Ashwin became the fastest cricketer of all time to reach 250 wickets; he and Ravindra Jadeja occupied the top two spots in both the ICC Bowlers and All-Rounders rankings at the time.", "Asian Premier Futsal Championship The Asian Premier Futsal Championship is a multinational franchise-based futsal league conceptualised by Indian entrepreneurs under the entity of Premier Futsal Management Pvt. Ltd. It was founded by Abhinandan Balasubramanian, Dinesh Raj and Nithyashree Subban, backed by business magnate Xavier Britto and his wife, philanthropist Vimala Britto. Each playing team consists of three international futsal players, one international marquee football player and one Indian futsal player. Every squad is allowed a maximum of twelve players. Premier Futsal conducted a Scout talent hunt programme across eight cities called \"Launchpad\" to scout and select Indian players. The programme combed through 2500 participants per city to shortlist five regional players for each team. Mumbai 5's won the inaugural Premier Futsal by defeating Kochi 5's in the penalty shootout. Indian cricket team batsman Virat Kohli has joined the Premier Futsal as its brand ambassador. Premier Futsal attracted a lot of fans when they signed the one of the best futsal players in the world, Alessandro Rosa Vieira, popularly known as Falc\u00e3o. On 12 May 2016, Virat Kohli along with Falc\u00e3o facilitated the launch of the nationwide talent hunt to select 40 players who will represent their respective cities in the first season of Premier Futsal. The Premier Futsal anthem \"Naam Hai Futsal\" had its tunes set by two-time Academy Award winner A.R.Rahman with vocals also provided by Karthik, Lady Kash and Virat Kohli. Sony Pictures Networks India Pvt. Ltd. acquired exclusive rights to broadcast Premier Futsal. As part of the agreement, all Premier Futsal matches will be televised live on Sony SIX, Sony ESPN and Sony Aath. Matches will also be available to live stream on Sony LIV.", "RCB most notably defeated the Gujarat Lions by 144 runs, the highest margin in IPL history, during this 4 match winning streak. Through other match results, RCB ended at an unlikely second position at the end of the league stage. Virat Kohli dominated the run-scoring list, while Shane Watson and Yuzvendra Chahal collectively topped the wicket taking list at the end of the league stage. They faced the Gujarat Lions in the Qualifier 1 at their home ground, the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won by 4 wickets to make it to their third final in nine seasons. They played the final against SRH, again in Bangalore. RCB lost a hard-fought match by 8 runs, to end as runners up in this ninth season of the IPL. This is the third instance of RCB losing the finals in the IPL. Yuzvendra Chahal and Shane Watson ended second and third respectively on the list for most wickets. At the launch event of his biography, 'Driven: The Virat Kohli Story' in New Delhi, in October 2016, Kohli announced that RCB would be his permanent IPL franchise that he would play for. Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, Adam Milne, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, Shane Watson, Stuart Binny, Travis Head, Samuel Badree, Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey and KL Rahul were retained by RCB for the 2017 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Tymal Mills for , Aniket Chaudhary for \u20b92 crores, Pawan Negi for \u20b91 crore and Billy Stanlake for \u20b930 lakhs.", "List of international cricket centuries by Virat Kohli Virat Kohli is an Indian cricketer and the captain of the men's national team . A right-handed top order batsman, he has made 69 centuries in international cricket\u201426 in Test cricket and 43 in One Day Internationals ( ODIs)\u2014. Kohli made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka in August 2008, and scored his first century the following year when he made 107 against the same team at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. His 86-ball 133 not out against Sri Lanka in February 2012 led India to the second highest run-chase by any team in Australia. Former Australian cricketer Dean Jones described the innings as \"one of the greatest ODI knocks of all time\". Kohli's highest score of 183 came against Pakistan during the 2012 Asia Cup; India successfully chased a target of 330 set by Pakistan and Kohli was adjudged man of the match. Following that, in 2013, he made his first century as a captain while playing against the West Indies in a tri-nation tournament. In the bilateral series against Australia in October 2013, Kohli made two centuries in successful run-chases. The first of the two, 100 not out, was scored off 52 balls and remains the fastest ODI century by an Indian. The next century, which was scored off 61 balls, remains the third-fastest by an Indian . In a 2013 interview, former West Indian cricketer Vivian Richards described Kohli as someone whose batting reminds him of himself. In ODIs, 26 of his 43 centuries have come in the second innings, and India have lost only seven ODIs when he has made a century. , Kohli has the most ODI centuries for an active player and is behind Tendulkar (49) on the all-time list.", "Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, David Wiese, Adam Milne, Varun Aaron, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, and Abu Nechim were retained by RCB for the 2016 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Shane Watson for , Kane Richardson and Stuart Binny for \u20b92 crore each, and Travis Head and Samuel Badree for \u20b950 lakhs each. Other players that joined the team were Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey, Akshay Karnewar, Vikramjeet Malik and Vikas Tokas. KL Rahul and Parvez Rasool also joined RCB for the IPL 2016 edition. Royal Challengers Bangalore started their season with a blitz from AB de Villiers and Virat Kohli against SRH at Bangalore, to comfortably win their first match. A bludgeoning century from Quinton de Kock meant RCB lost their second match of the season. Their form deteriorated in the coming matches, winning only one match of the next five. Although, Virat Kohli and AB de Villier's brilliant form, along with the emergence of KL Rahul as an important member of RCB's batting, were positive points. Royal Challengers needed to win at least 6 of their next seven matches to have a chance at qualifying for the playoffs. They won matches against KXIP and Rising Pune Supergiant, the new entrant in the tournament. But a loss against Mumbai Indians meant they needed 4 wins in 4 matches to qualify. Since then, Virat Kohli found himself in sublime form, with captaincy and the bat."], "answer": {"text": "In 2017, Kohli was ranked 7th in the list released by Forbes as the Most Valuable Brand among athletes ahead of players like Lionel Messi,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport does Virat Kohli play?", "answer": {"text": "I watched Virat at the 2008 ICC Under-19 World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. I was mighty impressed with his attitude and the way he was marshalling his team.", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e1a26ef3a8c64460bdcf951d80b1693b_0_q#2", "question": "Has Kohli had any confrontations with players?", "rewrite": "Has Virat Kohli had any confrontations with players?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["RCB most notably defeated the Gujarat Lions by 144 runs, the highest margin in IPL history, during this 4 match winning streak. Through other match results, RCB ended at an unlikely second position at the end of the league stage. Virat Kohli dominated the run-scoring list, while Shane Watson and Yuzvendra Chahal collectively topped the wicket taking list at the end of the league stage. They faced the Gujarat Lions in the Qualifier 1 at their home ground, the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won by 4 wickets to make it to their third final in nine seasons. They played the final against SRH, again in Bangalore. RCB lost a hard-fought match by 8 runs, to end as runners up in this ninth season of the IPL. This is the third instance of RCB losing the finals in the IPL. Yuzvendra Chahal and Shane Watson ended second and third respectively on the list for most wickets. At the launch event of his biography, 'Driven: The Virat Kohli Story' in New Delhi, in October 2016, Kohli announced that RCB would be his permanent IPL franchise that he would play for. Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, Adam Milne, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, Shane Watson, Stuart Binny, Travis Head, Samuel Badree, Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey and KL Rahul were retained by RCB for the 2017 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Tymal Mills for , Aniket Chaudhary for \u20b92 crores, Pawan Negi for \u20b91 crore and Billy Stanlake for \u20b930 lakhs.", "Asian Premier Futsal Championship The Asian Premier Futsal Championship is a multinational franchise-based futsal league conceptualised by Indian entrepreneurs under the entity of Premier Futsal Management Pvt. Ltd. It was founded by Abhinandan Balasubramanian, Dinesh Raj and Nithyashree Subban, backed by business magnate Xavier Britto and his wife, philanthropist Vimala Britto. Each playing team consists of three international futsal players, one international marquee football player and one Indian futsal player. Every squad is allowed a maximum of twelve players. Premier Futsal conducted a Scout talent hunt programme across eight cities called \"Launchpad\" to scout and select Indian players. The programme combed through 2500 participants per city to shortlist five regional players for each team. Mumbai 5's won the inaugural Premier Futsal by defeating Kochi 5's in the penalty shootout. Indian cricket team batsman Virat Kohli has joined the Premier Futsal as its brand ambassador. Premier Futsal attracted a lot of fans when they signed the one of the best futsal players in the world, Alessandro Rosa Vieira, popularly known as Falc\u00e3o. On 12 May 2016, Virat Kohli along with Falc\u00e3o facilitated the launch of the nationwide talent hunt to select 40 players who will represent their respective cities in the first season of Premier Futsal. The Premier Futsal anthem \"Naam Hai Futsal\" had its tunes set by two-time Academy Award winner A.R.Rahman with vocals also provided by Karthik, Lady Kash and Virat Kohli. Sony Pictures Networks India Pvt. Ltd. acquired exclusive rights to broadcast Premier Futsal. As part of the agreement, all Premier Futsal matches will be televised live on Sony SIX, Sony ESPN and Sony Aath. Matches will also be available to live stream on Sony LIV.", "Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, David Wiese, Adam Milne, Varun Aaron, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, and Abu Nechim were retained by RCB for the 2016 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Shane Watson for , Kane Richardson and Stuart Binny for \u20b92 crore each, and Travis Head and Samuel Badree for \u20b950 lakhs each. Other players that joined the team were Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey, Akshay Karnewar, Vikramjeet Malik and Vikas Tokas. KL Rahul and Parvez Rasool also joined RCB for the IPL 2016 edition. Royal Challengers Bangalore started their season with a blitz from AB de Villiers and Virat Kohli against SRH at Bangalore, to comfortably win their first match. A bludgeoning century from Quinton de Kock meant RCB lost their second match of the season. Their form deteriorated in the coming matches, winning only one match of the next five. Although, Virat Kohli and AB de Villier's brilliant form, along with the emergence of KL Rahul as an important member of RCB's batting, were positive points. Royal Challengers needed to win at least 6 of their next seven matches to have a chance at qualifying for the playoffs. They won matches against KXIP and Rising Pune Supergiant, the new entrant in the tournament. But a loss against Mumbai Indians meant they needed 4 wins in 4 matches to qualify. Since then, Virat Kohli found himself in sublime form, with captaincy and the bat.", "List of international cricket centuries by Virat Kohli Virat Kohli is an Indian cricketer and the captain of the men's national team . A right-handed top order batsman, he has made 69 centuries in international cricket\u201426 in Test cricket and 43 in One Day Internationals ( ODIs)\u2014. Kohli made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka in August 2008, and scored his first century the following year when he made 107 against the same team at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. His 86-ball 133 not out against Sri Lanka in February 2012 led India to the second highest run-chase by any team in Australia. Former Australian cricketer Dean Jones described the innings as \"one of the greatest ODI knocks of all time\". Kohli's highest score of 183 came against Pakistan during the 2012 Asia Cup; India successfully chased a target of 330 set by Pakistan and Kohli was adjudged man of the match. Following that, in 2013, he made his first century as a captain while playing against the West Indies in a tri-nation tournament. In the bilateral series against Australia in October 2013, Kohli made two centuries in successful run-chases. The first of the two, 100 not out, was scored off 52 balls and remains the fastest ODI century by an Indian. The next century, which was scored off 61 balls, remains the third-fastest by an Indian . In a 2013 interview, former West Indian cricketer Vivian Richards described Kohli as someone whose batting reminds him of himself. In ODIs, 26 of his 43 centuries have come in the second innings, and India have lost only seven ODIs when he has made a century. , Kohli has the most ODI centuries for an active player and is behind Tendulkar (49) on the all-time list.", "2015 saw the beginning of India's dominance at home in Test matches under new captain Virat Kohli when they comprehensively beat South Africa. This series was the beginning of an unbeaten streak of 19 Test matches for India which was brought to an end by Australia in early 2017. This series also saw the emergence of Ravichandran Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja as two of the best spinners and all-rounders. They spun webs around touring batsmen, much like the spinning quartet of the 1970s. This was followed by limited overs victories over Australia and Sri Lanka away from home. India was knocked out of the 2015 World Cup in the semi-final stage, to eventual winners Australia. India began 2016 by winning the 2016 Asia Cup, remaining unbeaten throughout the tournament, beating Pakistan along the way. India were favourites to win the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 which was being held at home, but they lost in the semi-final to eventual champions West Indies. Virat Kohli was again named the man of the series. In 2016, \"The Grand Home Season\" began for India, including series at home against New Zealand, England, Bangladesh and Australia. India whitewashed New Zealand to regain the number one ranking in Test cricket after almost 10 years. Before the series against England in November 2016, MS Dhoni resigned as captain of India in limited overs, thus handing the captaincy to Virat Kohli across all formats. India beat England across all three formats, with a notable 4\u20130 win in the Test series. This was followed by Test series wins against Bangladesh and Australia, which meant India reclaimed the Border Gavaskar Trophy. Ravichandran Ashwin became the fastest cricketer of all time to reach 250 wickets; he and Ravindra Jadeja occupied the top two spots in both the ICC Bowlers and All-Rounders rankings at the time."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport does Virat Kohli play?", "answer": {"text": "I watched Virat at the 2008 ICC Under-19 World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. I was mighty impressed with his attitude and the way he was marshalling his team.", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who has Kohli been compared to?", "answer": {"text": "In 2017, Kohli was ranked 7th in the list released by Forbes as the Most Valuable Brand among athletes ahead of players like Lionel Messi,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_e1a26ef3a8c64460bdcf951d80b1693b_0_q#3", "question": "What was Kohli's batting average?", "rewrite": "What was Virat Kohli's batting average?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, David Wiese, Adam Milne, Varun Aaron, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, and Abu Nechim were retained by RCB for the 2016 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Shane Watson for , Kane Richardson and Stuart Binny for \u20b92 crore each, and Travis Head and Samuel Badree for \u20b950 lakhs each. Other players that joined the team were Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey, Akshay Karnewar, Vikramjeet Malik and Vikas Tokas. KL Rahul and Parvez Rasool also joined RCB for the IPL 2016 edition. Royal Challengers Bangalore started their season with a blitz from AB de Villiers and Virat Kohli against SRH at Bangalore, to comfortably win their first match. A bludgeoning century from Quinton de Kock meant RCB lost their second match of the season. Their form deteriorated in the coming matches, winning only one match of the next five. Although, Virat Kohli and AB de Villier's brilliant form, along with the emergence of KL Rahul as an important member of RCB's batting, were positive points. Royal Challengers needed to win at least 6 of their next seven matches to have a chance at qualifying for the playoffs. They won matches against KXIP and Rising Pune Supergiant, the new entrant in the tournament. But a loss against Mumbai Indians meant they needed 4 wins in 4 matches to qualify. Since then, Virat Kohli found himself in sublime form, with captaincy and the bat.", "RCB most notably defeated the Gujarat Lions by 144 runs, the highest margin in IPL history, during this 4 match winning streak. Through other match results, RCB ended at an unlikely second position at the end of the league stage. Virat Kohli dominated the run-scoring list, while Shane Watson and Yuzvendra Chahal collectively topped the wicket taking list at the end of the league stage. They faced the Gujarat Lions in the Qualifier 1 at their home ground, the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won by 4 wickets to make it to their third final in nine seasons. They played the final against SRH, again in Bangalore. RCB lost a hard-fought match by 8 runs, to end as runners up in this ninth season of the IPL. This is the third instance of RCB losing the finals in the IPL. Yuzvendra Chahal and Shane Watson ended second and third respectively on the list for most wickets. At the launch event of his biography, 'Driven: The Virat Kohli Story' in New Delhi, in October 2016, Kohli announced that RCB would be his permanent IPL franchise that he would play for. Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, Adam Milne, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, Shane Watson, Stuart Binny, Travis Head, Samuel Badree, Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey and KL Rahul were retained by RCB for the 2017 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Tymal Mills for , Aniket Chaudhary for \u20b92 crores, Pawan Negi for \u20b91 crore and Billy Stanlake for \u20b930 lakhs.", "Also, while Steve Smith and Virat Kohli both had better batting averages and top scores across ODIs and Tests after gaining captaincy roles, Root has poorer Test averages after gaining the captaincy as of 25 December 2017, although this also coincided with his move from No.4 to No.3 in the England batting order. In 2014, Martin Crowe called Root one of the young \"Fab Four\" of Test cricket along with Kane Williamson, Steve Smith and Virat Kohli. On 6 August 2015, Root became the top ranked Test batsman in the world for the first time aged 24. On 10 August 2015, he reached a Test batting rating of 917, his career high rating. In September 2018, West Indies legend Brian Lara, who was in New York as part of the ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 Trophy Tour, picked Root as one of the best batsmen in the world, alongside Virat Kohli. In February 2019 Root received widespread commendation after the television coverage's stump microphone picked up part of a verbal altercation with West Indies fast bowler Shannon Gabriel, during the second innings of the final Test match. Although Gabriel's comment was not audible, Root was heard to respond: \u201cDon\u2019t use it as an insult. There\u2019s nothing wrong with being gay.\u201d Root went on to score a century. As of 4 August 2019, Root has scored 16 centuries in both Tests and ODIs.", "Asian Premier Futsal Championship The Asian Premier Futsal Championship is a multinational franchise-based futsal league conceptualised by Indian entrepreneurs under the entity of Premier Futsal Management Pvt. Ltd. It was founded by Abhinandan Balasubramanian, Dinesh Raj and Nithyashree Subban, backed by business magnate Xavier Britto and his wife, philanthropist Vimala Britto. Each playing team consists of three international futsal players, one international marquee football player and one Indian futsal player. Every squad is allowed a maximum of twelve players. Premier Futsal conducted a Scout talent hunt programme across eight cities called \"Launchpad\" to scout and select Indian players. The programme combed through 2500 participants per city to shortlist five regional players for each team. Mumbai 5's won the inaugural Premier Futsal by defeating Kochi 5's in the penalty shootout. Indian cricket team batsman Virat Kohli has joined the Premier Futsal as its brand ambassador. Premier Futsal attracted a lot of fans when they signed the one of the best futsal players in the world, Alessandro Rosa Vieira, popularly known as Falc\u00e3o. On 12 May 2016, Virat Kohli along with Falc\u00e3o facilitated the launch of the nationwide talent hunt to select 40 players who will represent their respective cities in the first season of Premier Futsal. The Premier Futsal anthem \"Naam Hai Futsal\" had its tunes set by two-time Academy Award winner A.R.Rahman with vocals also provided by Karthik, Lady Kash and Virat Kohli. Sony Pictures Networks India Pvt. Ltd. acquired exclusive rights to broadcast Premier Futsal. As part of the agreement, all Premier Futsal matches will be televised live on Sony SIX, Sony ESPN and Sony Aath. Matches will also be available to live stream on Sony LIV.", "List of international cricket centuries by Virat Kohli Virat Kohli is an Indian cricketer and the captain of the men's national team . A right-handed top order batsman, he has made 69 centuries in international cricket\u201426 in Test cricket and 43 in One Day Internationals ( ODIs)\u2014. Kohli made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka in August 2008, and scored his first century the following year when he made 107 against the same team at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. His 86-ball 133 not out against Sri Lanka in February 2012 led India to the second highest run-chase by any team in Australia. Former Australian cricketer Dean Jones described the innings as \"one of the greatest ODI knocks of all time\". Kohli's highest score of 183 came against Pakistan during the 2012 Asia Cup; India successfully chased a target of 330 set by Pakistan and Kohli was adjudged man of the match. Following that, in 2013, he made his first century as a captain while playing against the West Indies in a tri-nation tournament. In the bilateral series against Australia in October 2013, Kohli made two centuries in successful run-chases. The first of the two, 100 not out, was scored off 52 balls and remains the fastest ODI century by an Indian. The next century, which was scored off 61 balls, remains the third-fastest by an Indian . In a 2013 interview, former West Indian cricketer Vivian Richards described Kohli as someone whose batting reminds him of himself. In ODIs, 26 of his 43 centuries have come in the second innings, and India have lost only seven ODIs when he has made a century. , Kohli has the most ODI centuries for an active player and is behind Tendulkar (49) on the all-time list."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport does Virat Kohli play?", "answer": {"text": "I watched Virat at the 2008 ICC Under-19 World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. I was mighty impressed with his attitude and the way he was marshalling his team.", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who has Kohli been compared to?", "answer": {"text": "In 2017, Kohli was ranked 7th in the list released by Forbes as the Most Valuable Brand among athletes ahead of players like Lionel Messi,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Has Kohli had any confrontations with players?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e1a26ef3a8c64460bdcf951d80b1693b_0_q#4", "question": "Is Kohli endorsed by anyone or any company?", "rewrite": "Is Virat Kohli endorsed by anyone or any company?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, David Wiese, Adam Milne, Varun Aaron, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, and Abu Nechim were retained by RCB for the 2016 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Shane Watson for , Kane Richardson and Stuart Binny for \u20b92 crore each, and Travis Head and Samuel Badree for \u20b950 lakhs each. Other players that joined the team were Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey, Akshay Karnewar, Vikramjeet Malik and Vikas Tokas. KL Rahul and Parvez Rasool also joined RCB for the IPL 2016 edition. Royal Challengers Bangalore started their season with a blitz from AB de Villiers and Virat Kohli against SRH at Bangalore, to comfortably win their first match. A bludgeoning century from Quinton de Kock meant RCB lost their second match of the season. Their form deteriorated in the coming matches, winning only one match of the next five. Although, Virat Kohli and AB de Villier's brilliant form, along with the emergence of KL Rahul as an important member of RCB's batting, were positive points. Royal Challengers needed to win at least 6 of their next seven matches to have a chance at qualifying for the playoffs. They won matches against KXIP and Rising Pune Supergiant, the new entrant in the tournament. But a loss against Mumbai Indians meant they needed 4 wins in 4 matches to qualify. Since then, Virat Kohli found himself in sublime form, with captaincy and the bat.", "List of international cricket centuries by Virat Kohli Virat Kohli is an Indian cricketer and the captain of the men's national team . A right-handed top order batsman, he has made 69 centuries in international cricket\u201426 in Test cricket and 43 in One Day Internationals ( ODIs)\u2014. Kohli made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka in August 2008, and scored his first century the following year when he made 107 against the same team at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. His 86-ball 133 not out against Sri Lanka in February 2012 led India to the second highest run-chase by any team in Australia. Former Australian cricketer Dean Jones described the innings as \"one of the greatest ODI knocks of all time\". Kohli's highest score of 183 came against Pakistan during the 2012 Asia Cup; India successfully chased a target of 330 set by Pakistan and Kohli was adjudged man of the match. Following that, in 2013, he made his first century as a captain while playing against the West Indies in a tri-nation tournament. In the bilateral series against Australia in October 2013, Kohli made two centuries in successful run-chases. The first of the two, 100 not out, was scored off 52 balls and remains the fastest ODI century by an Indian. The next century, which was scored off 61 balls, remains the third-fastest by an Indian . In a 2013 interview, former West Indian cricketer Vivian Richards described Kohli as someone whose batting reminds him of himself. In ODIs, 26 of his 43 centuries have come in the second innings, and India have lost only seven ODIs when he has made a century. , Kohli has the most ODI centuries for an active player and is behind Tendulkar (49) on the all-time list.", "RCB most notably defeated the Gujarat Lions by 144 runs, the highest margin in IPL history, during this 4 match winning streak. Through other match results, RCB ended at an unlikely second position at the end of the league stage. Virat Kohli dominated the run-scoring list, while Shane Watson and Yuzvendra Chahal collectively topped the wicket taking list at the end of the league stage. They faced the Gujarat Lions in the Qualifier 1 at their home ground, the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won by 4 wickets to make it to their third final in nine seasons. They played the final against SRH, again in Bangalore. RCB lost a hard-fought match by 8 runs, to end as runners up in this ninth season of the IPL. This is the third instance of RCB losing the finals in the IPL. Yuzvendra Chahal and Shane Watson ended second and third respectively on the list for most wickets. At the launch event of his biography, 'Driven: The Virat Kohli Story' in New Delhi, in October 2016, Kohli announced that RCB would be his permanent IPL franchise that he would play for. Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, Adam Milne, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, Shane Watson, Stuart Binny, Travis Head, Samuel Badree, Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey and KL Rahul were retained by RCB for the 2017 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Tymal Mills for , Aniket Chaudhary for \u20b92 crores, Pawan Negi for \u20b91 crore and Billy Stanlake for \u20b930 lakhs.", "2015 saw the beginning of India's dominance at home in Test matches under new captain Virat Kohli when they comprehensively beat South Africa. This series was the beginning of an unbeaten streak of 19 Test matches for India which was brought to an end by Australia in early 2017. This series also saw the emergence of Ravichandran Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja as two of the best spinners and all-rounders. They spun webs around touring batsmen, much like the spinning quartet of the 1970s. This was followed by limited overs victories over Australia and Sri Lanka away from home. India was knocked out of the 2015 World Cup in the semi-final stage, to eventual winners Australia. India began 2016 by winning the 2016 Asia Cup, remaining unbeaten throughout the tournament, beating Pakistan along the way. India were favourites to win the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 which was being held at home, but they lost in the semi-final to eventual champions West Indies. Virat Kohli was again named the man of the series. In 2016, \"The Grand Home Season\" began for India, including series at home against New Zealand, England, Bangladesh and Australia. India whitewashed New Zealand to regain the number one ranking in Test cricket after almost 10 years. Before the series against England in November 2016, MS Dhoni resigned as captain of India in limited overs, thus handing the captaincy to Virat Kohli across all formats. India beat England across all three formats, with a notable 4\u20130 win in the Test series. This was followed by Test series wins against Bangladesh and Australia, which meant India reclaimed the Border Gavaskar Trophy. Ravichandran Ashwin became the fastest cricketer of all time to reach 250 wickets; he and Ravindra Jadeja occupied the top two spots in both the ICC Bowlers and All-Rounders rankings at the time.", "Royal Challengers' good form continued when AB de Villiers and Virat Kohli smashed the highest T20 partnership ever (later beaten by the same pair in IPL 2016) against Mumbai Indians, to secure a good win. Later, RCB lost to Kings XI Punjab in a rain affected match, putting their playoff qualification in doubt. They faced SRH in the next match, again affected by rain. Amidst a lot of drama, and stunning performances from Virat Kohli and Gayle, RCB won an unlikely match in Hyderabad. Now, the only way they could be out of the playoffs became very unlikely, yet possible. RCB lost their chance to be placed second in the points table after rain washed out their final match against DD. They ended the league stage at the third position, with 7 wins from 14 matches. On 20 May, they faced the Rajasthan Royals in the Eliminator and earned a spot in Qualifier 2. However, they lost to the Chennai Super Kings in the Qualifier 2, and ended the season finishing third. Ab de Villiers, Virat Kohli, and Chris Gayle, ended by being the 4th, 5th, and 6th highest run scorers of the season respectively, while Yuzvendra Chahal was RCB's highest wicket taker, being the 3rd highest in the season. In light of financial scandals involving owner/chairman Vijay Mallya, Amrit Thomas became the chairman of the Royal Challengers. RCB changed the team logo and also became the first team in IPL to adopt different jerseys for home and away matches."], "answer": {"text": "As of September 2017, Kohli has endorsement deals with 17 brands. The brands Kohli previously endorsed include 3C Company, Celkon Mobiles, Cinthol", "answer_start": 218}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport does Virat Kohli play?", "answer": {"text": "I watched Virat at the 2008 ICC Under-19 World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. I was mighty impressed with his attitude and the way he was marshalling his team.", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who has Kohli been compared to?", "answer": {"text": "In 2017, Kohli was ranked 7th in the list released by Forbes as the Most Valuable Brand among athletes ahead of players like Lionel Messi,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Has Kohli had any confrontations with players?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Kohli's batting average?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_e1a26ef3a8c64460bdcf951d80b1693b_0_q#5", "question": "How much money does Kohli make from endorsements?", "rewrite": "How much money does Virat Kohli make from endorsements?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["2015 saw the beginning of India's dominance at home in Test matches under new captain Virat Kohli when they comprehensively beat South Africa. This series was the beginning of an unbeaten streak of 19 Test matches for India which was brought to an end by Australia in early 2017. This series also saw the emergence of Ravichandran Ashwin and Ravindra Jadeja as two of the best spinners and all-rounders. They spun webs around touring batsmen, much like the spinning quartet of the 1970s. This was followed by limited overs victories over Australia and Sri Lanka away from home. India was knocked out of the 2015 World Cup in the semi-final stage, to eventual winners Australia. India began 2016 by winning the 2016 Asia Cup, remaining unbeaten throughout the tournament, beating Pakistan along the way. India were favourites to win the 2016 ICC World Twenty20 which was being held at home, but they lost in the semi-final to eventual champions West Indies. Virat Kohli was again named the man of the series. In 2016, \"The Grand Home Season\" began for India, including series at home against New Zealand, England, Bangladesh and Australia. India whitewashed New Zealand to regain the number one ranking in Test cricket after almost 10 years. Before the series against England in November 2016, MS Dhoni resigned as captain of India in limited overs, thus handing the captaincy to Virat Kohli across all formats. India beat England across all three formats, with a notable 4\u20130 win in the Test series. This was followed by Test series wins against Bangladesh and Australia, which meant India reclaimed the Border Gavaskar Trophy. Ravichandran Ashwin became the fastest cricketer of all time to reach 250 wickets; he and Ravindra Jadeja occupied the top two spots in both the ICC Bowlers and All-Rounders rankings at the time.", "Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, David Wiese, Adam Milne, Varun Aaron, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, and Abu Nechim were retained by RCB for the 2016 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Shane Watson for , Kane Richardson and Stuart Binny for \u20b92 crore each, and Travis Head and Samuel Badree for \u20b950 lakhs each. Other players that joined the team were Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey, Akshay Karnewar, Vikramjeet Malik and Vikas Tokas. KL Rahul and Parvez Rasool also joined RCB for the IPL 2016 edition. Royal Challengers Bangalore started their season with a blitz from AB de Villiers and Virat Kohli against SRH at Bangalore, to comfortably win their first match. A bludgeoning century from Quinton de Kock meant RCB lost their second match of the season. Their form deteriorated in the coming matches, winning only one match of the next five. Although, Virat Kohli and AB de Villier's brilliant form, along with the emergence of KL Rahul as an important member of RCB's batting, were positive points. Royal Challengers needed to win at least 6 of their next seven matches to have a chance at qualifying for the playoffs. They won matches against KXIP and Rising Pune Supergiant, the new entrant in the tournament. But a loss against Mumbai Indians meant they needed 4 wins in 4 matches to qualify. Since then, Virat Kohli found himself in sublime form, with captaincy and the bat.", "RCB most notably defeated the Gujarat Lions by 144 runs, the highest margin in IPL history, during this 4 match winning streak. Through other match results, RCB ended at an unlikely second position at the end of the league stage. Virat Kohli dominated the run-scoring list, while Shane Watson and Yuzvendra Chahal collectively topped the wicket taking list at the end of the league stage. They faced the Gujarat Lions in the Qualifier 1 at their home ground, the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium. They won by 4 wickets to make it to their third final in nine seasons. They played the final against SRH, again in Bangalore. RCB lost a hard-fought match by 8 runs, to end as runners up in this ninth season of the IPL. This is the third instance of RCB losing the finals in the IPL. Yuzvendra Chahal and Shane Watson ended second and third respectively on the list for most wickets. At the launch event of his biography, 'Driven: The Virat Kohli Story' in New Delhi, in October 2016, Kohli announced that RCB would be his permanent IPL franchise that he would play for. Virat Kohli, AB de Villiers, Chris Gayle, Mitchell Starc, Adam Milne, Mandeep Singh, Harshal Patel, Kedar Jadhav, Sarfaraz Khan, Sreenath Aravind, Yuzvendra Chahal, Shane Watson, Stuart Binny, Travis Head, Samuel Badree, Sachin Baby, Iqbal Abdulla, Praveen Dubey and KL Rahul were retained by RCB for the 2017 Indian Premier League. From player auctions, they bought Tymal Mills for , Aniket Chaudhary for \u20b92 crores, Pawan Negi for \u20b91 crore and Billy Stanlake for \u20b930 lakhs.", "List of international cricket centuries by Virat Kohli Virat Kohli is an Indian cricketer and the captain of the men's national team . A right-handed top order batsman, he has made 69 centuries in international cricket\u201426 in Test cricket and 43 in One Day Internationals ( ODIs)\u2014. Kohli made his ODI debut against Sri Lanka in August 2008, and scored his first century the following year when he made 107 against the same team at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. His 86-ball 133 not out against Sri Lanka in February 2012 led India to the second highest run-chase by any team in Australia. Former Australian cricketer Dean Jones described the innings as \"one of the greatest ODI knocks of all time\". Kohli's highest score of 183 came against Pakistan during the 2012 Asia Cup; India successfully chased a target of 330 set by Pakistan and Kohli was adjudged man of the match. Following that, in 2013, he made his first century as a captain while playing against the West Indies in a tri-nation tournament. In the bilateral series against Australia in October 2013, Kohli made two centuries in successful run-chases. The first of the two, 100 not out, was scored off 52 balls and remains the fastest ODI century by an Indian. The next century, which was scored off 61 balls, remains the third-fastest by an Indian . In a 2013 interview, former West Indian cricketer Vivian Richards described Kohli as someone whose batting reminds him of himself. In ODIs, 26 of his 43 centuries have come in the second innings, and India have lost only seven ODIs when he has made a century. , Kohli has the most ODI centuries for an active player and is behind Tendulkar (49) on the all-time list.", "Asian Premier Futsal Championship The Asian Premier Futsal Championship is a multinational franchise-based futsal league conceptualised by Indian entrepreneurs under the entity of Premier Futsal Management Pvt. Ltd. It was founded by Abhinandan Balasubramanian, Dinesh Raj and Nithyashree Subban, backed by business magnate Xavier Britto and his wife, philanthropist Vimala Britto. Each playing team consists of three international futsal players, one international marquee football player and one Indian futsal player. Every squad is allowed a maximum of twelve players. Premier Futsal conducted a Scout talent hunt programme across eight cities called \"Launchpad\" to scout and select Indian players. The programme combed through 2500 participants per city to shortlist five regional players for each team. Mumbai 5's won the inaugural Premier Futsal by defeating Kochi 5's in the penalty shootout. Indian cricket team batsman Virat Kohli has joined the Premier Futsal as its brand ambassador. Premier Futsal attracted a lot of fans when they signed the one of the best futsal players in the world, Alessandro Rosa Vieira, popularly known as Falc\u00e3o. On 12 May 2016, Virat Kohli along with Falc\u00e3o facilitated the launch of the nationwide talent hunt to select 40 players who will represent their respective cities in the first season of Premier Futsal. The Premier Futsal anthem \"Naam Hai Futsal\" had its tunes set by two-time Academy Award winner A.R.Rahman with vocals also provided by Karthik, Lady Kash and Virat Kohli. Sony Pictures Networks India Pvt. Ltd. acquired exclusive rights to broadcast Premier Futsal. As part of the agreement, all Premier Futsal matches will be televised live on Sony SIX, Sony ESPN and Sony Aath. Matches will also be available to live stream on Sony LIV."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport does Virat Kohli play?", "answer": {"text": "I watched Virat at the 2008 ICC Under-19 World Cup in Kuala Lumpur. I was mighty impressed with his attitude and the way he was marshalling his team.", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who has Kohli been compared to?", "answer": {"text": "In 2017, Kohli was ranked 7th in the list released by Forbes as the Most Valuable Brand among athletes ahead of players like Lionel Messi,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Has Kohli had any confrontations with players?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was Kohli's batting average?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Is Kohli endorsed by anyone or any company?", "answer": {"text": "As of September 2017, Kohli has endorsement deals with 17 brands. The brands Kohli previously endorsed include 3C Company, Celkon Mobiles, Cinthol", "answer_start": 218, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_15b80341a4984feaaa7bc6c1044456fb_0_q#0", "question": "What changes did Kaki King implement in Jazz?", "rewrite": "What changes did Kaki King implement in Jazz?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Everybody Glows B Sides &amp; Rarities Everybody Glows is an album by Kaki King, released on November 4, 2014. It features a collection of outtakes, demos, covers, live versions and tracks from demo CDs. The collection reveals the evolution of her songwriting while offering a glimpse of a young guitarist doing daring things on her instrument. The album comes with a track-by-track explanation of each song, along with liner notes written by her father. This is the first album Kaki released on her own label, Short Stuff Records. All songs written by Kaki King except \"Anthem for the Earnest\" (written by David King), \"Close to Me\" (written by Robert Smith) and \"Lovestoned\" (written by Justin Timberlake, Tim Mosley and Nate \"Danja\" Hills).", "The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an ontological tabula rasa in a creation myth unlike any other ever presented. Glowing Pictures \u2013 known for their work with such artists as Animal Collective, David Byrne & Brian Eno, Beastie Boys, and TV On The Radio \u2013 collaborated with Kaki King and have re-conceived The Guitar as a screen for a remarkable range of new digital projections. Protections of genesis and death, unexpected textures and skins, are cast onto an Ovation Adamas 1581-KK Kaki King's Signature 6-String Acoustic guitar customized specifically for the production. \u201cThe Guitar is a shape-shifter,\u201d King says, \u201csomething that plays all types of music and really fills all kinds of roles. It\u2019s not always the six-string guitar that we all know and love. I\u2019ve been playing guitar for more than 30 years. It\u2019s who I am and if anything, this project has made me even more familiar with it.\u201d The Neck Is A Bridge To The Body debuted at Brooklyn\u2019s acclaimed BRIC Theater in New York City in 2014, and will tour extensively in 2015.", "Junior (Kaki King album) Junior, the fifth full length album by American guitarist Kaki King, was released April 13, 2010. Writing for Allmusic, music critic Thom Jurek wrote \"The mood of the recording is dark, even angry, though there are certain themes of political intrigue amid personal turmoil... The biggest drawback, one that can make the listener tire of the album long before it ends, is her terminally flat, undisciplined voice. More often than not, her compelling song structures suffer because of it.\" BLARE Magazine called it \"everything her admirers... revel in, but cocooned in an indie rock shell that\u2019s rigid on the outside with a tender core. Both her words and guitar licks are poetic and spiteful, as they portray King\u2019s instrumental ability to produce guitar melodies that tease, anger and even drug, a trait some modern guitarists in this lifetime severely lack.\" Jessica Hopper of Spin wrote, \"King sounds wholly at home commanding an indie-rock power trio. Junior could be just the thing for still-mourning Sleater-Kinney fans or anyone who likes their licks righteous and their indignation more so.\"", "Everybody Loves You Everybody Loves You is the debut album by American guitarist Kaki King, released in 2003 (see 2003 in music). In his review for Allmusic, critic Thom Jurek wrote that \"Simply put, Kaki King possesses the most original voice on the acoustic guitar in a generation. Her sound, full of gorgeous tapped melodies and popping basslines, is as deeply emotional as John Fahey's, as technically savvy as Preston Reed's, and as energetic as Leo Kottke's (\u00e0 la 6- and 12-String Guitar, Greenhouse, and Mudlark). Citing these legendary players is not for the sake of comparison in style or approach, but in metaphor only for she sounds only like herself... Everybody Loves You is the most auspicious, tender, and tough instrumental debut by any guitarist in a decade at least. It is singular in approach and peerless in execution; and in its poetic, raggedly graceful manner, it is simply a treasure of individuality and idiosyncratic virtuosity, visceral truth, and verve.\" All tracks written by Kaki King Bonus Tracks:", "Glow (Kaki King album) Glow, the sixth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, was released October 9, 2012. On \"Glow\" King returns to her instrumental roots and is accompanied by the string quartet ETHEL. \u201cThis is a guitar record,\u201d King says to describe this album. The first single, \"Great Round Burn\", is available to download at RollingStone.com. Writing for Allmusic, music critic Thom Jurek wrote \"The sound on these pieces is crystalline, they are structured as brief, tightly constructed songs, with catchy, often ethereal melodies of varying tempo... The pristine sound is easy on the ear and easily appreciated. That said, it can sometimes detract from more organic surprises inherently written into these songs. But it's a small complaint given how much there is to enjoy here.\" The album currently has a Metacritic rating of 68% based on six reviews from professional critics, indicating generally favorable reviews."], "answer": {"text": "After completing the last leg of her world tour, King decided to tour once again with a strictly acoustic show.", "answer_start": 1012}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_15b80341a4984feaaa7bc6c1044456fb_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about Kaki King's further changes in sound other than the changes Kaki implemented in Jazz?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Those can be eaten like an apple or can be allowed to go to any stage of ripeness, including to the jelly-like stage. These non-astringent varieties are, however, considered to have a less complex flavor. \"Sharon Fruit\" (named originally after Sharon plain in Israel) is a trade name for non-astringent \"D. kaki\" fruit. \"Diospyros kaki\" is commonly called Japanese persimmon, Chinese persimmon, kaki (from the Japanese name , ), \"kaki\" persimmon, and Oriental persimmon. The scientific name \"Diospyros kaki\" L. f. may be used erroneously for this plant. However, \"Diospyros kaki\" L. f., published in 1781, is a later homonym of \"Diospyros kaki\" Thunb., published in 1780. So the name \"Diospyros kaki\" L. f. is taxonomically illegitimate and not accepted. Similar in shape to an apple tree, the \"kaki\" tree reaches a size of up to . Its deciduous leaves are medium to dark green, broadly lanceolate, stiff and equally wide as long. Blooming from May to June, the trees are typically either male or female, but some produce both types of flowers. Furthermore, the sexual expression of a tree may vary from year to year. Unusually, the \"kaki\" fruits ripen when the leaves have mostly fallen off the tree, typically in October and November. (Northern Hemisphere) \"Kaki\" trees typically do not bear until they are 3 to 6 years old. The - wide flowers appear in the spring. Female flowers have a creamy yellow color and tend to grow singly, while male flowers have a pink tint and tend to appear in threes.", "There are limited amenities in Kaki Bukit with Kaki Bukit Amenity Centre and Kaki Bukit Recreation Centre providing several food options. There are more amenities located in the nearby Bedok Reservoir or Eunos estates. There are various dormitories located in the area too, to house foreign workers working nearby. The area falls under the jurisdiction of the Bedok Police Division and the 2nd Singapore Civil Defence Force DIV HQ. There are currently no public government schools in the area, although there used to be several that have since been defunct: Kaki Bukit MRT Station which is part of the Downtown MRT line serves this vicinity. During the construction of the station, a section of Kaki Bukit Avenue 1 was closed from August 2011 to April 2016. Jalan Tenaga and Jalan Damai were widened due to this road closure to cope with traffic redirected towards them. Bus services plying along that stretch of road were also diverted accordingly for that period of time. SBS Transit services, 5, 15, 58, 59 and 87, as well as private bus operators services 585 and 658 ply along Kaki Bukit Avenue 1, the only main road in Kaki Bukit. Bus service 137 is the only service that operates within the industrial part of the estate, but it does not bypass the Kaki Bukit MRT Station, which means commuters cannot make their last mile journey to the industrial estate via this MRT station. The Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway (KPE) found north-west of Kaki Bukit has one exit (Exit 6) which leads to the estate. North and south bound, entrances and exits for KPE near Kaki Bukit are not adjacent to each other. Exit 9 of the Pan Island Expressway (PIE) which is found a short distance south of the estate leads towards the estate too.", "The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an ontological tabula rasa in a creation myth unlike any other ever presented. Glowing Pictures \u2013 known for their work with such artists as Animal Collective, David Byrne & Brian Eno, Beastie Boys, and TV On The Radio \u2013 collaborated with Kaki King and have re-conceived The Guitar as a screen for a remarkable range of new digital projections. Protections of genesis and death, unexpected textures and skins, are cast onto an Ovation Adamas 1581-KK Kaki King's Signature 6-String Acoustic guitar customized specifically for the production. \u201cThe Guitar is a shape-shifter,\u201d King says, \u201csomething that plays all types of music and really fills all kinds of roles. It\u2019s not always the six-string guitar that we all know and love. I\u2019ve been playing guitar for more than 30 years. It\u2019s who I am and if anything, this project has made me even more familiar with it.\u201d The Neck Is A Bridge To The Body debuted at Brooklyn\u2019s acclaimed BRIC Theater in New York City in 2014, and will tour extensively in 2015.", "Everybody Loves You Everybody Loves You is the debut album by American guitarist Kaki King, released in 2003 (see 2003 in music). In his review for Allmusic, critic Thom Jurek wrote that \"Simply put, Kaki King possesses the most original voice on the acoustic guitar in a generation. Her sound, full of gorgeous tapped melodies and popping basslines, is as deeply emotional as John Fahey's, as technically savvy as Preston Reed's, and as energetic as Leo Kottke's (\u00e0 la 6- and 12-String Guitar, Greenhouse, and Mudlark). Citing these legendary players is not for the sake of comparison in style or approach, but in metaphor only for she sounds only like herself... Everybody Loves You is the most auspicious, tender, and tough instrumental debut by any guitarist in a decade at least. It is singular in approach and peerless in execution; and in its poetic, raggedly graceful manner, it is simply a treasure of individuality and idiosyncratic virtuosity, visceral truth, and verve.\" All tracks written by Kaki King Bonus Tracks:", "Everybody Glows B Sides &amp; Rarities Everybody Glows is an album by Kaki King, released on November 4, 2014. It features a collection of outtakes, demos, covers, live versions and tracks from demo CDs. The collection reveals the evolution of her songwriting while offering a glimpse of a young guitarist doing daring things on her instrument. The album comes with a track-by-track explanation of each song, along with liner notes written by her father. This is the first album Kaki released on her own label, Short Stuff Records. All songs written by Kaki King except \"Anthem for the Earnest\" (written by David King), \"Close to Me\" (written by Robert Smith) and \"Lovestoned\" (written by Justin Timberlake, Tim Mosley and Nate \"Danja\" Hills)."], "answer": {"text": "After completing her \"No Bullshit Tour,\" King scored work on the independent film How I Got Lost, and started to record her next EP,", "answer_start": 1330}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What changes did Kaki King implement in Jazz?", "answer": {"text": "After completing the last leg of her world tour, King decided to tour once again with a strictly acoustic show.", "answer_start": 1012, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_15b80341a4984feaaa7bc6c1044456fb_0_q#2", "question": "did her strictly acoustic tour do well?", "rewrite": "Did Kaki King's strictly acoustic tour do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Everybody Loves You Everybody Loves You is the debut album by American guitarist Kaki King, released in 2003 (see 2003 in music). In his review for Allmusic, critic Thom Jurek wrote that \"Simply put, Kaki King possesses the most original voice on the acoustic guitar in a generation. Her sound, full of gorgeous tapped melodies and popping basslines, is as deeply emotional as John Fahey's, as technically savvy as Preston Reed's, and as energetic as Leo Kottke's (\u00e0 la 6- and 12-String Guitar, Greenhouse, and Mudlark). Citing these legendary players is not for the sake of comparison in style or approach, but in metaphor only for she sounds only like herself... Everybody Loves You is the most auspicious, tender, and tough instrumental debut by any guitarist in a decade at least. It is singular in approach and peerless in execution; and in its poetic, raggedly graceful manner, it is simply a treasure of individuality and idiosyncratic virtuosity, visceral truth, and verve.\" All tracks written by Kaki King Bonus Tracks:", "King recruited Malcolm Burn to help with her next album, Dreaming of Revenge, and in December 2007 wrote about it in her blog: \"I finished the new album. Don't get your panties in a tangle, it won't be released until next year, but it's done. And it's amazing.\" Filled with more melodic pop tunes than previous albums, Dreaming of Revenge was released on March 11, 2008 to highly positive reviews. On March 4, 2008, iTunes released a full version of Dreaming of Revenge featuring the bonus track \"I Need A Girl Who Knows A Map\". After filming a video for \"Pull Me Out Alive\", she began her tour. In the first half of King's tour, she headlined at The Roxy and toured with The Mountain Goats, which led to the exclusive release of Kaki King and The Mountain Goats EP Black Pear Tree EP. While touring Australia in 2008, King filmed part of the music video \"Can Anyone Who Has Heard This Music Really Be A Bad Person?\" in Sydney. Directed by Michael Ebner, the rest of the video was completed in New York in 2009. After completing the last leg of her world tour, King decided to tour once again with a strictly acoustic show. Dubbed 'The \"No Bullshit\" Tour', King did smaller shows throughout the US and UK that were specifically focused on acoustic works from her first albums along with stripped-down versions of her newer songs. After completing her \"No Bullshit Tour,\" King scored work on the independent film How I Got Lost, and started to record her next EP, titled Mexican Teenagers EP. Recruiting her band that she used from Dreaming of Revenge, King cut five new tracks for her new album.", "Everybody Glows B Sides &amp; Rarities Everybody Glows is an album by Kaki King, released on November 4, 2014. It features a collection of outtakes, demos, covers, live versions and tracks from demo CDs. The collection reveals the evolution of her songwriting while offering a glimpse of a young guitarist doing daring things on her instrument. The album comes with a track-by-track explanation of each song, along with liner notes written by her father. This is the first album Kaki released on her own label, Short Stuff Records. All songs written by Kaki King except \"Anthem for the Earnest\" (written by David King), \"Close to Me\" (written by Robert Smith) and \"Lovestoned\" (written by Justin Timberlake, Tim Mosley and Nate \"Danja\" Hills).", "Legs to Make Us Longer Legs to Make Us Longer is the second album by American guitarist Kaki King, released in 2004 (see 2004 in music). The songs \"Frame\" and \"Doing the Wrong Thing\" were featured in the film \"Into the Wild\" (2007). In his review for Allmusic, critic Thom Jurek summarized that \"King is a major talent, an iconoclastic figure who is this era's only new voice on the acoustic guitar, even as she explores other compelling sonic and musical avenues.\" All tracks written by Kaki King", "The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an ontological tabula rasa in a creation myth unlike any other ever presented. Glowing Pictures \u2013 known for their work with such artists as Animal Collective, David Byrne & Brian Eno, Beastie Boys, and TV On The Radio \u2013 collaborated with Kaki King and have re-conceived The Guitar as a screen for a remarkable range of new digital projections. Protections of genesis and death, unexpected textures and skins, are cast onto an Ovation Adamas 1581-KK Kaki King's Signature 6-String Acoustic guitar customized specifically for the production. \u201cThe Guitar is a shape-shifter,\u201d King says, \u201csomething that plays all types of music and really fills all kinds of roles. It\u2019s not always the six-string guitar that we all know and love. I\u2019ve been playing guitar for more than 30 years. It\u2019s who I am and if anything, this project has made me even more familiar with it.\u201d The Neck Is A Bridge To The Body debuted at Brooklyn\u2019s acclaimed BRIC Theater in New York City in 2014, and will tour extensively in 2015."], "answer": {"text": "King scored work on the independent film How I Got Lost,", "answer_start": 1371}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What changes did Kaki King implement in Jazz?", "answer": {"text": "After completing the last leg of her world tour, King decided to tour once again with a strictly acoustic show.", "answer_start": 1012, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "After completing her \"No Bullshit Tour,\" King scored work on the independent film How I Got Lost, and started to record her next EP,", "answer_start": 1330, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_15b80341a4984feaaa7bc6c1044456fb_0_q#3", "question": "Did the film do well?", "rewrite": "Did Kaki King's score of the independent film How I Got Lost do well?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Everybody Loves You Everybody Loves You is the debut album by American guitarist Kaki King, released in 2003 (see 2003 in music). In his review for Allmusic, critic Thom Jurek wrote that \"Simply put, Kaki King possesses the most original voice on the acoustic guitar in a generation. Her sound, full of gorgeous tapped melodies and popping basslines, is as deeply emotional as John Fahey's, as technically savvy as Preston Reed's, and as energetic as Leo Kottke's (\u00e0 la 6- and 12-String Guitar, Greenhouse, and Mudlark). Citing these legendary players is not for the sake of comparison in style or approach, but in metaphor only for she sounds only like herself... Everybody Loves You is the most auspicious, tender, and tough instrumental debut by any guitarist in a decade at least. It is singular in approach and peerless in execution; and in its poetic, raggedly graceful manner, it is simply a treasure of individuality and idiosyncratic virtuosity, visceral truth, and verve.\" All tracks written by Kaki King Bonus Tracks:", "King recruited Malcolm Burn to help with her next album, Dreaming of Revenge, and in December 2007 wrote about it in her blog: \"I finished the new album. Don't get your panties in a tangle, it won't be released until next year, but it's done. And it's amazing.\" Filled with more melodic pop tunes than previous albums, Dreaming of Revenge was released on March 11, 2008 to highly positive reviews. On March 4, 2008, iTunes released a full version of Dreaming of Revenge featuring the bonus track \"I Need A Girl Who Knows A Map\". After filming a video for \"Pull Me Out Alive\", she began her tour. In the first half of King's tour, she headlined at The Roxy and toured with The Mountain Goats, which led to the exclusive release of Kaki King and The Mountain Goats EP Black Pear Tree EP. While touring Australia in 2008, King filmed part of the music video \"Can Anyone Who Has Heard This Music Really Be A Bad Person?\" in Sydney. Directed by Michael Ebner, the rest of the video was completed in New York in 2009. After completing the last leg of her world tour, King decided to tour once again with a strictly acoustic show. Dubbed 'The \"No Bullshit\" Tour', King did smaller shows throughout the US and UK that were specifically focused on acoustic works from her first albums along with stripped-down versions of her newer songs. After completing her \"No Bullshit Tour,\" King scored work on the independent film How I Got Lost, and started to record her next EP, titled Mexican Teenagers EP. Recruiting her band that she used from Dreaming of Revenge, King cut five new tracks for her new album.", "The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body The Neck Is a Bridge to the Body, is the Eighth full-length album by American guitarist Kaki King, released March 3, 2015. The album is the soundtrack to Kaki's projection mapping show of the same name. In 2014, Kaki collaborated with the visual experience company Glowing Pictures to construct an innovative, immersive multi-media production in which the guitar is used as a projection screen to tell a story. The hour-long production, entitled The Neck is a Bridge to the Body, places the focus on the guitar itself, the Instrument serving as an ontological tabula rasa in a creation myth unlike any other ever presented. Glowing Pictures \u2013 known for their work with such artists as Animal Collective, David Byrne & Brian Eno, Beastie Boys, and TV On The Radio \u2013 collaborated with Kaki King and have re-conceived The Guitar as a screen for a remarkable range of new digital projections. Protections of genesis and death, unexpected textures and skins, are cast onto an Ovation Adamas 1581-KK Kaki King's Signature 6-String Acoustic guitar customized specifically for the production. \u201cThe Guitar is a shape-shifter,\u201d King says, \u201csomething that plays all types of music and really fills all kinds of roles. It\u2019s not always the six-string guitar that we all know and love. I\u2019ve been playing guitar for more than 30 years. It\u2019s who I am and if anything, this project has made me even more familiar with it.\u201d The Neck Is A Bridge To The Body debuted at Brooklyn\u2019s acclaimed BRIC Theater in New York City in 2014, and will tour extensively in 2015.", "Everybody Glows B Sides &amp; Rarities Everybody Glows is an album by Kaki King, released on November 4, 2014. It features a collection of outtakes, demos, covers, live versions and tracks from demo CDs. The collection reveals the evolution of her songwriting while offering a glimpse of a young guitarist doing daring things on her instrument. The album comes with a track-by-track explanation of each song, along with liner notes written by her father. This is the first album Kaki released on her own label, Short Stuff Records. All songs written by Kaki King except \"Anthem for the Earnest\" (written by David King), \"Close to Me\" (written by Robert Smith) and \"Lovestoned\" (written by Justin Timberlake, Tim Mosley and Nate \"Danja\" Hills).", "How I Got Lost How I Got Lost is a 2009 American film that premiered at the Newport Beach Film Festival, the St. Louis International Film Festival and Austin Film Festival. It was written and directed by Joe Leonard, and stars Aaron Stanford, Jacob Fishel, and Rosemarie DeWitt. The film was scored by Golden Globe award nominated musician Kaki King. It was shot with the Red camera on location in the East Village, Manhattan and in Kirkwood, Missouri. Unique in its bookending of two transformative events in New York City: the September 11, 2001 attacks and Northeast Blackout of 2003. The story involves a young disillusioned banker (Aaron Stanford) as seen through the eyes of his sportswriting best friend (Jacob Fishel), who has emotionally withdrawn since September 11, 2001 and the end of his post-9/11 relationship. When the two decide to leave town, the film becomes a road movie about the hidden gifts of getting lost."], "answer": {"text": "started to record her next EP, titled Mexican Teenagers EP. Recruiting her band that she used from Dreaming of Revenge, King cut five new tracks for her new album.", "answer_start": 1432}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What changes did Kaki King implement in Jazz?", "answer": {"text": "After completing the last leg of her world tour, King decided to tour once again with a strictly acoustic show.", "answer_start": 1012, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "After completing her \"No Bullshit Tour,\" King scored work on the independent film How I Got Lost, and started to record her next EP,", "answer_start": 1330, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did her strictly acoustic tour do well?", "answer": {"text": "King scored work on the independent film How I Got Lost,", "answer_start": 1371, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eb1990322d6462ea96ebe28fc3d6b97_0_q#0", "question": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "rewrite": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo  Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo is an album by a free jazz quartet composed of trumpeter Roy Campbell, multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee, bassist William Parker and drummer Warren Smith. The record documents a November 2008 performance at the Dynamo (Pantin), a concert hall dedicated to jazz in the suburbs of Paris, and was released in 2009 by producer G\u00e9rard Terron\u00e8s\u2019 idea on the French Marge label. The quartet was in a three-week European tour inspirated by Albert Ayler's music. About the sense of the tribute to the free jazz icon, in an interview conducted before the concert for the CD edition, McPhee claims \"I heard Albert Ayler\u2019s music and the very first thing that I heard, that grabbed me, was the sound that was completely different from what I\u2019d heard, there was an intensity, there was a spirituality, there was something very special about it that made me want to play the saxophone.\" Campbell says \"When I first heard Donald Ayler, I\u2019d never heard nobody playing trumpet like that and it just electrified me and excited me and then, I always thought that Albert\u2019s music and his brother\u2019s music was like a circle, was the beginning and the end at the same time.\" The performance starts with the recitation of Ayler's composition \"Music Is The Healing Force Of The Universe\", which evolves into Miriam Makeba's \"Muntu\". \" Obama Victory Shoutout\" is a quartet's improvisation celebrating the Barack Obama's victory a few days before, which moves into Ayler's \"Truth is Marching In\". \"DC\", a tune dedicated to Don Cherry and credited to Ayler on \"Spirits Rejoice\", evolves into Ayler composition \"Vibrations\".", "Donald Ayler Donald Ayler (October 5, 1942 \u2013 October 21, 2007) was a jazz trumpeter and younger brother to saxophonist Albert Ayler. Born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, he went on to work with his brother in the mid-1960s. In 1967 Donald had what he termed a \"nervous breakdown\", which affected his brother's life as well. In 1970 his brother's death affected him deeply. After that he did work with a septet in Florence, but remains best known for his connection to Albert. Donald appears in the documentary film \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" where he talks about his and Albert's life, their music and their relationship. He is also featured in archival footage from concerts in Europe in 1966. The new sequences with him were filmed in Cleveland, Ohio in 2001 and 2002. Ayler suffered a sudden heart attack on October 21, 2007, and died at home in Northfield, Ohio. With Albert Ayler", "Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village Albert Ayler In Greenwich Village is a 1967 live album by free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. It was his first album for Impulse! Records, and is generally regarded as being his best for the label. Originally released on LP, the album has since been reissued on CD. At the urging of John Coltrane, Impulse! Records' first recordings of Ayler were made live. A single track recorded at the Village Gate in 1965 was released on the album \"The New Wave in Jazz\" and \"Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village\" was recorded at the Village Vanguard and Village Theatre, New York City in 1966 and 1967. Unusually, Ayler plays alto rather than his more usual tenor on the opening track, a tribute to Coltrane, who was present when the two tracks on side two of the album were recorded. The two versions of Ayler\u2019s band heard on the record both feature two bass players, which \"sharpens the sound considerably, producing a rock-solid foundation for Ayler\u2019s raw witness\". Further tracks from the same performances were released on the double album \"The Village Concerts\", and both albums, along with the 1965 track mentioned above and one further track, were combined to produce the double CD album \"Live in Greenwich Village: the Complete Impulse Recordings\". \"All tracks composed by Albert Ayler (except where noted)\"", "My Name Is Albert Ayler (film) My Name Is Albert Ayler is a 2005 Swedish-American documentary film about the American Jazz musician Albert Ayler, written and directed by Kasper Collin. It was produced and edited over a period of seven years (1998 to 2005) and among its participants are Donald Ayler, Edward Ayler, Carrie Roundtree, Ann Westerman, Sune Sp\u00e5ngberg, Lionel Marshall, Bengt Frippe Nordstr\u00f6m, Sunny Murray, Bernard Stollman, Gary Peacock, Michel Sampson, George Wein, Bill Folwell, Val Wilmer, Mutawef Shaheed, Mary Parks, Elliott Landy and Ed Michel. It has been dubbed by \"JazzTimes\" as \"one of the most starkly beautiful and moving documentaries ever made about a jazz musician\" and is building on Albert Ayer's music and his voice from recorded interviews between 1963 and 1970. The film met with mixed reviews when released in Sweden in 2005, but was praised by UK and US critics when theatrically released in those countries in 2007. Metacritic gives the film 83/100 based on reviews from 7 critics, and has awarded it the 19th best film from 2007. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 17 critics. \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" was director Kasper Collin's first feature documentary. The second was \"I Called Him Morgan\".", "Spirits (Albert Ayler album) Spirits is an album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded in New York City in 1964 and first released on the Dutch Debut label then later released on the Freedom label as Witches & Devils. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 3 stars stating \"This is a revealing if not completely satisfying recording\". All About Jazz stated \"The names on the cover look good: Albert Ayler, Henry Grimes, and Sunny Murray. But somehow the parts never add up, though. Sure, the album's four tunes wiggle plenty, producing the agitated jazz Ayler often preached; but, the motions on Spirits, unlike Ayler's better moments, resolve too very little... True Ayler diehards will undoubtedly gobble this recording up, but those in search of quality best look elsewhere\". All compositions by Albert Ayler."], "answer": {"text": "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_7eb1990322d6462ea96ebe28fc3d6b97_0_q#1", "question": "What musical contexts?", "rewrite": "What musical contexts did Albert Ayler showcase his personal saxaphone style in?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo  Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo is an album by a free jazz quartet composed of trumpeter Roy Campbell, multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee, bassist William Parker and drummer Warren Smith. The record documents a November 2008 performance at the Dynamo (Pantin), a concert hall dedicated to jazz in the suburbs of Paris, and was released in 2009 by producer G\u00e9rard Terron\u00e8s\u2019 idea on the French Marge label. The quartet was in a three-week European tour inspirated by Albert Ayler's music. About the sense of the tribute to the free jazz icon, in an interview conducted before the concert for the CD edition, McPhee claims \"I heard Albert Ayler\u2019s music and the very first thing that I heard, that grabbed me, was the sound that was completely different from what I\u2019d heard, there was an intensity, there was a spirituality, there was something very special about it that made me want to play the saxophone.\" Campbell says \"When I first heard Donald Ayler, I\u2019d never heard nobody playing trumpet like that and it just electrified me and excited me and then, I always thought that Albert\u2019s music and his brother\u2019s music was like a circle, was the beginning and the end at the same time.\" The performance starts with the recitation of Ayler's composition \"Music Is The Healing Force Of The Universe\", which evolves into Miriam Makeba's \"Muntu\". \" Obama Victory Shoutout\" is a quartet's improvisation celebrating the Barack Obama's victory a few days before, which moves into Ayler's \"Truth is Marching In\". \"DC\", a tune dedicated to Don Cherry and credited to Ayler on \"Spirits Rejoice\", evolves into Ayler composition \"Vibrations\".", "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns. However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable. Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era. Phil Hardy says that Ayler \"dismantled\" melody and harmony in order to more deeply explore \"the physical properties\" of his saxophone. Ayler wished to free himself and his bandmates to improvise, relate to one another, and relate to their instruments on a more raw, \"primal\" level. The intensely spiritual aspect of Ayler's music was clearly aligned with the beliefs of jazz saxophonist John Coltrane, who was profoundly affected by the \"otherworldly\" sounds of Ayler's music. This effect is especially evident in Coltrane's albums Meditations and Stellar Regions. Coltrane served as a mentor throughout Ayler's life, providing financial and professional support. This intensity, the extremes to which Ayler took his tenor saxophone, is the most defining aspect of his sound. His style is characterized by timbre variations, including squeaks, honks, and improvisation in very high and very low registers. He possessed a deep blistering tone--achieved by using the stiff plastic Fibrecane no. 4 reeds on his tenor saxophone--and used a broad, pathos-filled vibrato. Ayler experimented with microtonality in his improvisations, seeking to explore the sounds that fall between the notes in a traditional scale. This technique was best showcased when he played, as he often did, without a piano, backed only by bass and drums.", "My Name Is Albert Ayler (film) My Name Is Albert Ayler is a 2005 Swedish-American documentary film about the American Jazz musician Albert Ayler, written and directed by Kasper Collin. It was produced and edited over a period of seven years (1998 to 2005) and among its participants are Donald Ayler, Edward Ayler, Carrie Roundtree, Ann Westerman, Sune Sp\u00e5ngberg, Lionel Marshall, Bengt Frippe Nordstr\u00f6m, Sunny Murray, Bernard Stollman, Gary Peacock, Michel Sampson, George Wein, Bill Folwell, Val Wilmer, Mutawef Shaheed, Mary Parks, Elliott Landy and Ed Michel. It has been dubbed by \"JazzTimes\" as \"one of the most starkly beautiful and moving documentaries ever made about a jazz musician\" and is building on Albert Ayer's music and his voice from recorded interviews between 1963 and 1970. The film met with mixed reviews when released in Sweden in 2005, but was praised by UK and US critics when theatrically released in those countries in 2007. Metacritic gives the film 83/100 based on reviews from 7 critics, and has awarded it the 19th best film from 2007. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 17 critics. \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" was director Kasper Collin's first feature documentary. The second was \"I Called Him Morgan\".", "Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village Albert Ayler In Greenwich Village is a 1967 live album by free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. It was his first album for Impulse! Records, and is generally regarded as being his best for the label. Originally released on LP, the album has since been reissued on CD. At the urging of John Coltrane, Impulse! Records' first recordings of Ayler were made live. A single track recorded at the Village Gate in 1965 was released on the album \"The New Wave in Jazz\" and \"Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village\" was recorded at the Village Vanguard and Village Theatre, New York City in 1966 and 1967. Unusually, Ayler plays alto rather than his more usual tenor on the opening track, a tribute to Coltrane, who was present when the two tracks on side two of the album were recorded. The two versions of Ayler\u2019s band heard on the record both feature two bass players, which \"sharpens the sound considerably, producing a rock-solid foundation for Ayler\u2019s raw witness\". Further tracks from the same performances were released on the double album \"The Village Concerts\", and both albums, along with the 1965 track mentioned above and one further track, were combined to produce the double CD album \"Live in Greenwich Village: the Complete Impulse Recordings\". \"All tracks composed by Albert Ayler (except where noted)\"", "Spirits (Albert Ayler album) Spirits is an album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded in New York City in 1964 and first released on the Dutch Debut label then later released on the Freedom label as Witches & Devils. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 3 stars stating \"This is a revealing if not completely satisfying recording\". All About Jazz stated \"The names on the cover look good: Albert Ayler, Henry Grimes, and Sunny Murray. But somehow the parts never add up, though. Sure, the album's four tunes wiggle plenty, producing the agitated jazz Ayler often preached; but, the motions on Spirits, unlike Ayler's better moments, resolve too very little... True Ayler diehards will undoubtedly gobble this recording up, but those in search of quality best look elsewhere\". All compositions by Albert Ayler."], "answer": {"text": "very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns.", "answer_start": 79}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eb1990322d6462ea96ebe28fc3d6b97_0_q#2", "question": "What else was different about his artistry?", "rewrite": "Aside from highly untraditional personal saxophone style, what else was different about Albert Aylers artistry?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1987, at the age of 17, Haimovitz signed an exclusive recording contract with Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft, where several of his recordings of standard and non-standard repertoire won international awards. Haimovitz is married to composer Luna Pearl Woolf. They have two daughters. After graduating from Harvard College in 1996, and with the termination of his contract with Deutsche Grammophon, Haimovitz became dissatisfied with the traditional career path of a modern classical musician. He began exploring non-standard classical and non-classical repertoire more intensively, and began a program of concerts in unusual venues. A 2002 North American tour that attracted international attention saw Haimovitz performing Bach's cello suites in night clubs, restaurants and other highly untraditional venues in a wide variety of towns and cities across the United States. This was followed in 2003 by Haimovitz's \"Anthem\" tour, in which he brought a variety of American compositions to a similar variety of audiences, including his rendition of Jimi Hendrix's famous improvisational rendition of \"The Star-Spangled Banner.\" In 2000, Haimovitz founded his own record label, Oxingale with partner and wife, composer Luna Pearl Woolf, which has released CD recordings of his own recital programs, as well as music performed by others. In 2010 this label expanded to include a music publishing branch, which features works commissioned, performed, and recorded by Haimovitz. \"Shuffle. Play. Listen\", his 2-disc collaboration with pianist Christopher O'Riley in 2011, was hailed for its innovation in mixing together Bernard Hermann film scores, Jan\u00e1cek, and Cocteau Twins. \"The idea behind it is to blast away at any and all categories...\", wrote Richard Ginell of the L.A. Times.", "Cecil Leeson Cecil Leeson (16 December 1902 North Dakota \u2013 17 April 1989), a musician and teacher, was widely credited with establishing the saxophone as a legitimate concert instrument. In 1921, Cecil Leeson enrolled as a saxophone major in Dana's Musical Institute in Warren, Ohio (currently part of Youngstown State University). From 1926, he worked on occasion in various commercial groups in Detroit, and in Ohio. This included a bi-weekly session for radio station WHK. His approach to classical saxophone playing differed from jazz and dance saxophone music popular at the time, and helped promote classical saxophone style in a mainstream medium. A writer in the \"Hollywood News\" said that \"in Leeson's capable hands, the saxophone [is] no longer the blatant jazz instrument of popular conception, but an instrument of really beautiful tone color [...]. If there were other saxophonists who could play as Leeson does, the saxophone would speedily make its appearance in the symphony orchestra.\" During the early 1930s, he joined the faculty at the Hollywood Conservatory of Music and taught there for several years. From 1934 to 1939, Leeson collaborated with American composer Paul Creston, resulting in several major pieces for the classical saxophone repertoire. In 1937, Cecil Leeson was the first saxophonist to play at Town Hall in New York City. He was also one of the first saxophonists to appear as a soloist with major American symphony orchestras. More than 50 works for saxophone were written for him by composers such as Leon Stein, Edvard Moritz, Paul Creston, and Ferde Grof\u00e9. Leeson taught saxophone performance at Northwestern University from 1955 to 1961 and then at Ball State University. His papers and his collection of original Adolphe Sax and other famous saxophones are in the America's National Music Museum at the University of South Dakota.", "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns. However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable. Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era. Phil Hardy says that Ayler \"dismantled\" melody and harmony in order to more deeply explore \"the physical properties\" of his saxophone. Ayler wished to free himself and his bandmates to improvise, relate to one another, and relate to their instruments on a more raw, \"primal\" level. The intensely spiritual aspect of Ayler's music was clearly aligned with the beliefs of jazz saxophonist John Coltrane, who was profoundly affected by the \"otherworldly\" sounds of Ayler's music. This effect is especially evident in Coltrane's albums Meditations and Stellar Regions. Coltrane served as a mentor throughout Ayler's life, providing financial and professional support. This intensity, the extremes to which Ayler took his tenor saxophone, is the most defining aspect of his sound. His style is characterized by timbre variations, including squeaks, honks, and improvisation in very high and very low registers. He possessed a deep blistering tone--achieved by using the stiff plastic Fibrecane no. 4 reeds on his tenor saxophone--and used a broad, pathos-filled vibrato. Ayler experimented with microtonality in his improvisations, seeking to explore the sounds that fall between the notes in a traditional scale. This technique was best showcased when he played, as he often did, without a piano, backed only by bass and drums.", "Peter Brixtofte  Peter Brixtofte (11 December 1949 \u2013 8 November 2016) was a Member of the Danish Parliament (Folketinget) representing Venstre (Liberal Party) from 1973 to 1977, from 1979 to 1981, during 1983 and from 1990 to 8 February 2005. Brixtofte served as the Tax Minister of Denmark from 19 November 1992 to 24 January 1993. He was also Mayor of Farum, and was criminally convicted for actions taken while holding that municipal office and was later jailed. He was the brother of Brixx Member, Jens Brixtofte. For several years Brixttofte was the Mayor of Farum with his party having had an absolute majority. He was quite popular and Farum was generally considered a successful municipality thanks to its success in finding jobs for the unemployed, particularly immigrants. It was held up as having been a good example by Liberal politicians during national elections. Brixtofte made headlines with a highly untraditional sale-and-lease-back model where the municipality sold buildings and facilities to private companies and rented them back. Due to various national tax issues this was highly advantageous for both parties. This scheme allowed the municipality to have one of the lowest tax rates in Denmark at the same time as spending a huge amount of money on various welfare programs. Every child in school was given a high-end computer and the elderly were offered a free annual trip to a foreign holiday destination. A lot of prestigious building projects were initiated such as a sports arena and marina completely out of proportion to what one would expect from a city of this size. Due to the tax issues of the sale-and-lease-back model the expenses for these programs were largely covered by all taxpayers of Denmark, most of whom got no benefit from the programs.", "Erysimum jugicola Erysimum jugicola is a plant of the family Brassicaceae. \"Erysimum jugicola\" is a subendemism of the Western Alps. This species inhabits cliffs, dry meadows and stony pastures on limestones and serpentines at an elevation of above sea level. \"Erysimum jugicola\" can reach a height of about . This perennial herb plant have an erect stem with alternate leaves, toothed, wide and long. Flowers are gathered in elongated inflorescences, with 5-17 weakly scented yellow flowers on peduncles long. They bloom from June to August."], "answer": {"text": "However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable.", "answer_start": 177}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What musical contexts?", "answer": {"text": "very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eb1990322d6462ea96ebe28fc3d6b97_0_q#3", "question": "What was his style of music?", "rewrite": "What was Albert Ayler's style of music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Donald Ayler Donald Ayler (October 5, 1942 \u2013 October 21, 2007) was a jazz trumpeter and younger brother to saxophonist Albert Ayler. Born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, he went on to work with his brother in the mid-1960s. In 1967 Donald had what he termed a \"nervous breakdown\", which affected his brother's life as well. In 1970 his brother's death affected him deeply. After that he did work with a septet in Florence, but remains best known for his connection to Albert. Donald appears in the documentary film \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" where he talks about his and Albert's life, their music and their relationship. He is also featured in archival footage from concerts in Europe in 1966. The new sequences with him were filmed in Cleveland, Ohio in 2001 and 2002. Ayler suffered a sudden heart attack on October 21, 2007, and died at home in Northfield, Ohio. With Albert Ayler", "Spirits (Albert Ayler album) Spirits is an album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded in New York City in 1964 and first released on the Dutch Debut label then later released on the Freedom label as Witches & Devils. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 3 stars stating \"This is a revealing if not completely satisfying recording\". All About Jazz stated \"The names on the cover look good: Albert Ayler, Henry Grimes, and Sunny Murray. But somehow the parts never add up, though. Sure, the album's four tunes wiggle plenty, producing the agitated jazz Ayler often preached; but, the motions on Spirits, unlike Ayler's better moments, resolve too very little... True Ayler diehards will undoubtedly gobble this recording up, but those in search of quality best look elsewhere\". All compositions by Albert Ayler.", "Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village Albert Ayler In Greenwich Village is a 1967 live album by free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. It was his first album for Impulse! Records, and is generally regarded as being his best for the label. Originally released on LP, the album has since been reissued on CD. At the urging of John Coltrane, Impulse! Records' first recordings of Ayler were made live. A single track recorded at the Village Gate in 1965 was released on the album \"The New Wave in Jazz\" and \"Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village\" was recorded at the Village Vanguard and Village Theatre, New York City in 1966 and 1967. Unusually, Ayler plays alto rather than his more usual tenor on the opening track, a tribute to Coltrane, who was present when the two tracks on side two of the album were recorded. The two versions of Ayler\u2019s band heard on the record both feature two bass players, which \"sharpens the sound considerably, producing a rock-solid foundation for Ayler\u2019s raw witness\". Further tracks from the same performances were released on the double album \"The Village Concerts\", and both albums, along with the 1965 track mentioned above and one further track, were combined to produce the double CD album \"Live in Greenwich Village: the Complete Impulse Recordings\". \"All tracks composed by Albert Ayler (except where noted)\"", "My Name Is Albert Ayler (film) My Name Is Albert Ayler is a 2005 Swedish-American documentary film about the American Jazz musician Albert Ayler, written and directed by Kasper Collin. It was produced and edited over a period of seven years (1998 to 2005) and among its participants are Donald Ayler, Edward Ayler, Carrie Roundtree, Ann Westerman, Sune Sp\u00e5ngberg, Lionel Marshall, Bengt Frippe Nordstr\u00f6m, Sunny Murray, Bernard Stollman, Gary Peacock, Michel Sampson, George Wein, Bill Folwell, Val Wilmer, Mutawef Shaheed, Mary Parks, Elliott Landy and Ed Michel. It has been dubbed by \"JazzTimes\" as \"one of the most starkly beautiful and moving documentaries ever made about a jazz musician\" and is building on Albert Ayer's music and his voice from recorded interviews between 1963 and 1970. The film met with mixed reviews when released in Sweden in 2005, but was praised by UK and US critics when theatrically released in those countries in 2007. Metacritic gives the film 83/100 based on reviews from 7 critics, and has awarded it the 19th best film from 2007. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 17 critics. \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" was director Kasper Collin's first feature documentary. The second was \"I Called Him Morgan\".", "Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo  Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo is an album by a free jazz quartet composed of trumpeter Roy Campbell, multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee, bassist William Parker and drummer Warren Smith. The record documents a November 2008 performance at the Dynamo (Pantin), a concert hall dedicated to jazz in the suburbs of Paris, and was released in 2009 by producer G\u00e9rard Terron\u00e8s\u2019 idea on the French Marge label. The quartet was in a three-week European tour inspirated by Albert Ayler's music. About the sense of the tribute to the free jazz icon, in an interview conducted before the concert for the CD edition, McPhee claims \"I heard Albert Ayler\u2019s music and the very first thing that I heard, that grabbed me, was the sound that was completely different from what I\u2019d heard, there was an intensity, there was a spirituality, there was something very special about it that made me want to play the saxophone.\" Campbell says \"When I first heard Donald Ayler, I\u2019d never heard nobody playing trumpet like that and it just electrified me and excited me and then, I always thought that Albert\u2019s music and his brother\u2019s music was like a circle, was the beginning and the end at the same time.\" The performance starts with the recitation of Ayler's composition \"Music Is The Healing Force Of The Universe\", which evolves into Miriam Makeba's \"Muntu\". \" Obama Victory Shoutout\" is a quartet's improvisation celebrating the Barack Obama's victory a few days before, which moves into Ayler's \"Truth is Marching In\". \"DC\", a tune dedicated to Don Cherry and credited to Ayler on \"Spirits Rejoice\", evolves into Ayler composition \"Vibrations\"."], "answer": {"text": "Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era.", "answer_start": 288}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What musical contexts?", "answer": {"text": "very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was different about his artistry?", "answer": {"text": "However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable.", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eb1990322d6462ea96ebe28fc3d6b97_0_q#4", "question": "What other things made his music sound different?", "rewrite": "what other things made Albert Ayler's music sound different, besides wild energy and intense improvisations?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Prophecy (Albert Ayler album) Prophecy is a live album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded in New York City in 1964 and first released in 1975 on the ESP-Disk label. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 3 stars stating: \"Ayler alternated the simple march-like themes with wild and very free improvisations which owe little if anything to the bop tradition, or even his contemporaries in the avant-garde. Ayler always had his own individual message, and his ESP sessions find him in consistently explorative form\". All About Jazz commented: \"Though the trio had honed a group sound and method comprising slow and loping or extremely fast themes; Murray's constant percussive chatter and vocal wailing providing an alternate pure-sound springboard; Peacock's constant harmonic filigree creating yet another aural web, these are presented in \"Prophecy\" as a much looser framework\". \"All compositions by Albert Ayler\"", "Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo  Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo is an album by a free jazz quartet composed of trumpeter Roy Campbell, multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee, bassist William Parker and drummer Warren Smith. The record documents a November 2008 performance at the Dynamo (Pantin), a concert hall dedicated to jazz in the suburbs of Paris, and was released in 2009 by producer G\u00e9rard Terron\u00e8s\u2019 idea on the French Marge label. The quartet was in a three-week European tour inspirated by Albert Ayler's music. About the sense of the tribute to the free jazz icon, in an interview conducted before the concert for the CD edition, McPhee claims \"I heard Albert Ayler\u2019s music and the very first thing that I heard, that grabbed me, was the sound that was completely different from what I\u2019d heard, there was an intensity, there was a spirituality, there was something very special about it that made me want to play the saxophone.\" Campbell says \"When I first heard Donald Ayler, I\u2019d never heard nobody playing trumpet like that and it just electrified me and excited me and then, I always thought that Albert\u2019s music and his brother\u2019s music was like a circle, was the beginning and the end at the same time.\" The performance starts with the recitation of Ayler's composition \"Music Is The Healing Force Of The Universe\", which evolves into Miriam Makeba's \"Muntu\". \" Obama Victory Shoutout\" is a quartet's improvisation celebrating the Barack Obama's victory a few days before, which moves into Ayler's \"Truth is Marching In\". \"DC\", a tune dedicated to Don Cherry and credited to Ayler on \"Spirits Rejoice\", evolves into Ayler composition \"Vibrations\".", "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns. However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable. Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era. Phil Hardy says that Ayler \"dismantled\" melody and harmony in order to more deeply explore \"the physical properties\" of his saxophone. Ayler wished to free himself and his bandmates to improvise, relate to one another, and relate to their instruments on a more raw, \"primal\" level. The intensely spiritual aspect of Ayler's music was clearly aligned with the beliefs of jazz saxophonist John Coltrane, who was profoundly affected by the \"otherworldly\" sounds of Ayler's music. This effect is especially evident in Coltrane's albums Meditations and Stellar Regions. Coltrane served as a mentor throughout Ayler's life, providing financial and professional support. This intensity, the extremes to which Ayler took his tenor saxophone, is the most defining aspect of his sound. His style is characterized by timbre variations, including squeaks, honks, and improvisation in very high and very low registers. He possessed a deep blistering tone--achieved by using the stiff plastic Fibrecane no. 4 reeds on his tenor saxophone--and used a broad, pathos-filled vibrato. Ayler experimented with microtonality in his improvisations, seeking to explore the sounds that fall between the notes in a traditional scale. This technique was best showcased when he played, as he often did, without a piano, backed only by bass and drums.", "Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village Albert Ayler In Greenwich Village is a 1967 live album by free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. It was his first album for Impulse! Records, and is generally regarded as being his best for the label. Originally released on LP, the album has since been reissued on CD. At the urging of John Coltrane, Impulse! Records' first recordings of Ayler were made live. A single track recorded at the Village Gate in 1965 was released on the album \"The New Wave in Jazz\" and \"Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village\" was recorded at the Village Vanguard and Village Theatre, New York City in 1966 and 1967. Unusually, Ayler plays alto rather than his more usual tenor on the opening track, a tribute to Coltrane, who was present when the two tracks on side two of the album were recorded. The two versions of Ayler\u2019s band heard on the record both feature two bass players, which \"sharpens the sound considerably, producing a rock-solid foundation for Ayler\u2019s raw witness\". Further tracks from the same performances were released on the double album \"The Village Concerts\", and both albums, along with the 1965 track mentioned above and one further track, were combined to produce the double CD album \"Live in Greenwich Village: the Complete Impulse Recordings\". \"All tracks composed by Albert Ayler (except where noted)\"", "Spirits (Albert Ayler album) Spirits is an album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded in New York City in 1964 and first released on the Dutch Debut label then later released on the Freedom label as Witches & Devils. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 3 stars stating \"This is a revealing if not completely satisfying recording\". All About Jazz stated \"The names on the cover look good: Albert Ayler, Henry Grimes, and Sunny Murray. But somehow the parts never add up, though. Sure, the album's four tunes wiggle plenty, producing the agitated jazz Ayler often preached; but, the motions on Spirits, unlike Ayler's better moments, resolve too very little... True Ayler diehards will undoubtedly gobble this recording up, but those in search of quality best look elsewhere\". All compositions by Albert Ayler."], "answer": {"text": "Phil Hardy says that Ayler \"dismantled\" melody and harmony in order to more deeply explore \"the physical properties\" of his saxophone.", "answer_start": 386}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What musical contexts?", "answer": {"text": "very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was different about his artistry?", "answer": {"text": "However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable.", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his style of music?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era.", "answer_start": 288, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eb1990322d6462ea96ebe28fc3d6b97_0_q#5", "question": "What else was important about his music?", "rewrite": "Besides an untraditional personal saxophone style, what else was important about Albert Ayler's music?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns. However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable. Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era. Phil Hardy says that Ayler \"dismantled\" melody and harmony in order to more deeply explore \"the physical properties\" of his saxophone. Ayler wished to free himself and his bandmates to improvise, relate to one another, and relate to their instruments on a more raw, \"primal\" level. The intensely spiritual aspect of Ayler's music was clearly aligned with the beliefs of jazz saxophonist John Coltrane, who was profoundly affected by the \"otherworldly\" sounds of Ayler's music. This effect is especially evident in Coltrane's albums Meditations and Stellar Regions. Coltrane served as a mentor throughout Ayler's life, providing financial and professional support. This intensity, the extremes to which Ayler took his tenor saxophone, is the most defining aspect of his sound. His style is characterized by timbre variations, including squeaks, honks, and improvisation in very high and very low registers. He possessed a deep blistering tone--achieved by using the stiff plastic Fibrecane no. 4 reeds on his tenor saxophone--and used a broad, pathos-filled vibrato. Ayler experimented with microtonality in his improvisations, seeking to explore the sounds that fall between the notes in a traditional scale. This technique was best showcased when he played, as he often did, without a piano, backed only by bass and drums.", "Spirits (Albert Ayler album) Spirits is an album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded in New York City in 1964 and first released on the Dutch Debut label then later released on the Freedom label as Witches & Devils. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 3 stars stating \"This is a revealing if not completely satisfying recording\". All About Jazz stated \"The names on the cover look good: Albert Ayler, Henry Grimes, and Sunny Murray. But somehow the parts never add up, though. Sure, the album's four tunes wiggle plenty, producing the agitated jazz Ayler often preached; but, the motions on Spirits, unlike Ayler's better moments, resolve too very little... True Ayler diehards will undoubtedly gobble this recording up, but those in search of quality best look elsewhere\". All compositions by Albert Ayler.", "My Name Is Albert Ayler (film) My Name Is Albert Ayler is a 2005 Swedish-American documentary film about the American Jazz musician Albert Ayler, written and directed by Kasper Collin. It was produced and edited over a period of seven years (1998 to 2005) and among its participants are Donald Ayler, Edward Ayler, Carrie Roundtree, Ann Westerman, Sune Sp\u00e5ngberg, Lionel Marshall, Bengt Frippe Nordstr\u00f6m, Sunny Murray, Bernard Stollman, Gary Peacock, Michel Sampson, George Wein, Bill Folwell, Val Wilmer, Mutawef Shaheed, Mary Parks, Elliott Landy and Ed Michel. It has been dubbed by \"JazzTimes\" as \"one of the most starkly beautiful and moving documentaries ever made about a jazz musician\" and is building on Albert Ayer's music and his voice from recorded interviews between 1963 and 1970. The film met with mixed reviews when released in Sweden in 2005, but was praised by UK and US critics when theatrically released in those countries in 2007. Metacritic gives the film 83/100 based on reviews from 7 critics, and has awarded it the 19th best film from 2007. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 17 critics. \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" was director Kasper Collin's first feature documentary. The second was \"I Called Him Morgan\".", "Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village Albert Ayler In Greenwich Village is a 1967 live album by free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. It was his first album for Impulse! Records, and is generally regarded as being his best for the label. Originally released on LP, the album has since been reissued on CD. At the urging of John Coltrane, Impulse! Records' first recordings of Ayler were made live. A single track recorded at the Village Gate in 1965 was released on the album \"The New Wave in Jazz\" and \"Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village\" was recorded at the Village Vanguard and Village Theatre, New York City in 1966 and 1967. Unusually, Ayler plays alto rather than his more usual tenor on the opening track, a tribute to Coltrane, who was present when the two tracks on side two of the album were recorded. The two versions of Ayler\u2019s band heard on the record both feature two bass players, which \"sharpens the sound considerably, producing a rock-solid foundation for Ayler\u2019s raw witness\". Further tracks from the same performances were released on the double album \"The Village Concerts\", and both albums, along with the 1965 track mentioned above and one further track, were combined to produce the double CD album \"Live in Greenwich Village: the Complete Impulse Recordings\". \"All tracks composed by Albert Ayler (except where noted)\"", "Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo  Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo is an album by a free jazz quartet composed of trumpeter Roy Campbell, multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee, bassist William Parker and drummer Warren Smith. The record documents a November 2008 performance at the Dynamo (Pantin), a concert hall dedicated to jazz in the suburbs of Paris, and was released in 2009 by producer G\u00e9rard Terron\u00e8s\u2019 idea on the French Marge label. The quartet was in a three-week European tour inspirated by Albert Ayler's music. About the sense of the tribute to the free jazz icon, in an interview conducted before the concert for the CD edition, McPhee claims \"I heard Albert Ayler\u2019s music and the very first thing that I heard, that grabbed me, was the sound that was completely different from what I\u2019d heard, there was an intensity, there was a spirituality, there was something very special about it that made me want to play the saxophone.\" Campbell says \"When I first heard Donald Ayler, I\u2019d never heard nobody playing trumpet like that and it just electrified me and excited me and then, I always thought that Albert\u2019s music and his brother\u2019s music was like a circle, was the beginning and the end at the same time.\" The performance starts with the recitation of Ayler's composition \"Music Is The Healing Force Of The Universe\", which evolves into Miriam Makeba's \"Muntu\". \" Obama Victory Shoutout\" is a quartet's improvisation celebrating the Barack Obama's victory a few days before, which moves into Ayler's \"Truth is Marching In\". \"DC\", a tune dedicated to Don Cherry and credited to Ayler on \"Spirits Rejoice\", evolves into Ayler composition \"Vibrations\"."], "answer": {"text": "Ayler wished to free himself and his bandmates to improvise, relate to one another, and relate to their instruments on a more raw, \"primal\" level.", "answer_start": 521}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What musical contexts?", "answer": {"text": "very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was different about his artistry?", "answer": {"text": "However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable.", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his style of music?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era.", "answer_start": 288, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things made his music sound different?", "answer": {"text": "Phil Hardy says that Ayler \"dismantled\" melody and harmony in order to more deeply explore \"the physical properties\" of his saxophone.", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_7eb1990322d6462ea96ebe28fc3d6b97_0_q#6", "question": "Was he similar to any other musicians?", "rewrite": "Was Albert Ayler similar to any other musicians, besides other jazz musicians?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo  Tribute to Albert Ayler Live at the Dynamo is an album by a free jazz quartet composed of trumpeter Roy Campbell, multi-instrumentalist Joe McPhee, bassist William Parker and drummer Warren Smith. The record documents a November 2008 performance at the Dynamo (Pantin), a concert hall dedicated to jazz in the suburbs of Paris, and was released in 2009 by producer G\u00e9rard Terron\u00e8s\u2019 idea on the French Marge label. The quartet was in a three-week European tour inspirated by Albert Ayler's music. About the sense of the tribute to the free jazz icon, in an interview conducted before the concert for the CD edition, McPhee claims \"I heard Albert Ayler\u2019s music and the very first thing that I heard, that grabbed me, was the sound that was completely different from what I\u2019d heard, there was an intensity, there was a spirituality, there was something very special about it that made me want to play the saxophone.\" Campbell says \"When I first heard Donald Ayler, I\u2019d never heard nobody playing trumpet like that and it just electrified me and excited me and then, I always thought that Albert\u2019s music and his brother\u2019s music was like a circle, was the beginning and the end at the same time.\" The performance starts with the recitation of Ayler's composition \"Music Is The Healing Force Of The Universe\", which evolves into Miriam Makeba's \"Muntu\". \" Obama Victory Shoutout\" is a quartet's improvisation celebrating the Barack Obama's victory a few days before, which moves into Ayler's \"Truth is Marching In\". \"DC\", a tune dedicated to Don Cherry and credited to Ayler on \"Spirits Rejoice\", evolves into Ayler composition \"Vibrations\".", "My Name Is Albert Ayler (film) My Name Is Albert Ayler is a 2005 Swedish-American documentary film about the American Jazz musician Albert Ayler, written and directed by Kasper Collin. It was produced and edited over a period of seven years (1998 to 2005) and among its participants are Donald Ayler, Edward Ayler, Carrie Roundtree, Ann Westerman, Sune Sp\u00e5ngberg, Lionel Marshall, Bengt Frippe Nordstr\u00f6m, Sunny Murray, Bernard Stollman, Gary Peacock, Michel Sampson, George Wein, Bill Folwell, Val Wilmer, Mutawef Shaheed, Mary Parks, Elliott Landy and Ed Michel. It has been dubbed by \"JazzTimes\" as \"one of the most starkly beautiful and moving documentaries ever made about a jazz musician\" and is building on Albert Ayer's music and his voice from recorded interviews between 1963 and 1970. The film met with mixed reviews when released in Sweden in 2005, but was praised by UK and US critics when theatrically released in those countries in 2007. Metacritic gives the film 83/100 based on reviews from 7 critics, and has awarded it the 19th best film from 2007. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 94% based on reviews from 17 critics. \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" was director Kasper Collin's first feature documentary. The second was \"I Called Him Morgan\".", "Donald Ayler Donald Ayler (October 5, 1942 \u2013 October 21, 2007) was a jazz trumpeter and younger brother to saxophonist Albert Ayler. Born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, he went on to work with his brother in the mid-1960s. In 1967 Donald had what he termed a \"nervous breakdown\", which affected his brother's life as well. In 1970 his brother's death affected him deeply. After that he did work with a septet in Florence, but remains best known for his connection to Albert. Donald appears in the documentary film \"My Name Is Albert Ayler\" where he talks about his and Albert's life, their music and their relationship. He is also featured in archival footage from concerts in Europe in 1966. The new sequences with him were filmed in Cleveland, Ohio in 2001 and 2002. Ayler suffered a sudden heart attack on October 21, 2007, and died at home in Northfield, Ohio. With Albert Ayler", "Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village Albert Ayler In Greenwich Village is a 1967 live album by free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. It was his first album for Impulse! Records, and is generally regarded as being his best for the label. Originally released on LP, the album has since been reissued on CD. At the urging of John Coltrane, Impulse! Records' first recordings of Ayler were made live. A single track recorded at the Village Gate in 1965 was released on the album \"The New Wave in Jazz\" and \"Albert Ayler in Greenwich Village\" was recorded at the Village Vanguard and Village Theatre, New York City in 1966 and 1967. Unusually, Ayler plays alto rather than his more usual tenor on the opening track, a tribute to Coltrane, who was present when the two tracks on side two of the album were recorded. The two versions of Ayler\u2019s band heard on the record both feature two bass players, which \"sharpens the sound considerably, producing a rock-solid foundation for Ayler\u2019s raw witness\". Further tracks from the same performances were released on the double album \"The Village Concerts\", and both albums, along with the 1965 track mentioned above and one further track, were combined to produce the double CD album \"Live in Greenwich Village: the Complete Impulse Recordings\". \"All tracks composed by Albert Ayler (except where noted)\"", "Spirits (Albert Ayler album) Spirits is an album by American free jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler recorded in New York City in 1964 and first released on the Dutch Debut label then later released on the Freedom label as Witches & Devils. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded the album 3 stars stating \"This is a revealing if not completely satisfying recording\". All About Jazz stated \"The names on the cover look good: Albert Ayler, Henry Grimes, and Sunny Murray. But somehow the parts never add up, though. Sure, the album's four tunes wiggle plenty, producing the agitated jazz Ayler often preached; but, the motions on Spirits, unlike Ayler's better moments, resolve too very little... True Ayler diehards will undoubtedly gobble this recording up, but those in search of quality best look elsewhere\". All compositions by Albert Ayler."], "answer": {"text": "The intensely spiritual aspect of Ayler's music was clearly aligned with the beliefs of jazz saxophonist John Coltrane, who was profoundly affected by the \"otherworldly\" sounds of Ayler's music.", "answer_start": 668}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Albert Ayler's style?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler routinely showcased his highly untraditional personal saxophone style in very conventional musical contexts,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What musical contexts?", "answer": {"text": "very conventional musical contexts, including children's songs, march melodies, and gospel hymns.", "answer_start": 79, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was different about his artistry?", "answer": {"text": "However, Ayler's wild energy and intense improvisations transformed them into something nearly unrecognizable.", "answer_start": 177, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his style of music?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler took a deconstructive approach to his music, which was characteristic of the free jazz era.", "answer_start": 288, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other things made his music sound different?", "answer": {"text": "Phil Hardy says that Ayler \"dismantled\" melody and harmony in order to more deeply explore \"the physical properties\" of his saxophone.", "answer_start": 386, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was important about his music?", "answer": {"text": "Ayler wished to free himself and his bandmates to improvise, relate to one another, and relate to their instruments on a more raw, \"primal\" level.", "answer_start": 521, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f152bab11adb4c85bf5c0cee07b55091_1_q#0", "question": "Who was David Hume's father?", "rewrite": "Who was David Hume's father?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tom Beauchamp Tom L. Beauchamp is an American philosopher specializing in philosophy of David Hume, moral philosophy, bioethics, and animal ethics. He is Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, and Senior Research Scholar at the University's Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp is the author or co-author of several books on ethics, and on the philosophy of David Hume, including \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981, with Alexander Rosenberg) , \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985, with James F. Childress), and \"The Human Use of Animals\" (1998, with F. Barbara Orlans \"et al\"). He is the co-editor with R.G. Frey of \"The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics\" (2011). He is also the co-editor of the complete works of Hume, \"The Critical Edition of the Works of David Hume\" (1999), published by Oxford University Press. He earned his BA from Southern Methodist University in 1963, a BD from Yale Divinity School, and PhD in philosophy from Johns Hopkins University in 1970. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center. Beauchamp worked on the staff of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, where he co-wrote the Belmont Report in 1978. He later joined with James Childress to write \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985), the first major American bioethics textbook. Beauchamp is also an expert on the philosophy of David Hume. He is the coeditor of the complete works of Hume published by Oxford University Press, and together with Alexander Rosenberg is the author of \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981), in which Hume's regularity theory of causation is defended, along with a nonskeptical interpretation of Hume's arguments against induction.", "David Hume of Godscroft David Hume (or Home; 1558\u20131629) was a Scottish historian and political theorist, poet and controversialist, a major intellectual figure in Jacobean Scotland. It has been said that \"Hume marks the culmination of the Scottish humanist tradition.\" Confusion is possible with David Hume or Home, Scottish minister at Duras in France, a contemporary: they had quite different views on the union with England. He was the second son of Sir David Hume or Home, seventh baron of Wedderburn, a Roman Catholic traditionalist of the Merse (now Berwickshire), who had married an active Calvinist wife in Mary Johnston of Elphinstone. He studied at Dunbar grammar school, under Andrew Simson. He then entered the University of St Andrews in 1578, and after a course of study there travelled on the continent. From France he went on to Geneva, intending to travel to Italy. Hume was recalled to Scotland by the serious illness of his elder brother George, returning about 1581. Both brothers supported the Ruthven raid of 1582. In 1583 he was residing as private secretary with his relative Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus, who was ordered, after James VI withdrew his confidence from the Ruthven lords, to remain in the north of Scotland. During the exile of the Ruthven party at Newcastle, Hume was in London, ostensibly studying, but actively interesting himself in Angus and his cause. The lords, with Hume, returned to Scotland in 1585, and between that date and 1588, when Angus died. In later life Hume devoted himself to literature on his property of Gowkscroft, a farming hamlet 2 miles to the north of Abbey St. Bathans, in the Lammermuir Hills, Berwickshire, which he renamed Godscroft, and styled himself Theagrius when he figured as a Latin poet.", "His first wife was Barbara Johnstone, and his second wife, Anna Hume's mother, was Mariota Johnstone, known as \"The Good Lady Wedderburn\" for her charity work and good influence on the community. Not much is known about Anna Hume's ancestors on her mother's side. Anna Hume's grandfather, David Hume was also an active soldier, who was present at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, where his father and elder brother were killed by the English. David Hume also led a clan against the Duke of Albany in the border wars. He is known for cutting off the head of the French Warden D'Arcie de la Bastle in 1517, after D'Arcie de la Bastle was killed by John and Partick Hume. He married Alison Douglas, daughter of Sir George Douglas. Anna Hume also had six siblings: George, David, James, John, Juliana and Mariot Hume. Her brother George Hume was Collector and Comptroller of the Household to James VI and Queen (1597). Her brother David Hume, was a philosopher and historian who aided her Anna Hume and their father Dave Hume, in writing \"History of Douglas and Angus.\" He also aided his father in writing \u201cHistory of Humes of Wedderburn,\u201d a compilation of the Hume family history. Little is known about the life of Anna Hume. Her birth date and date of death are unknown. She is presumed to have lived from the late 16th to the mid- to late 17th century. She came from a titled family, and was born and raised in Wedderburn Castle in Scotland. Anna Hume is believed to have translated most, if not all, of her father's Latin poems. One of the greatest admirers of Hume's works was Drummond of Hawthornden.", "David Hume (advocate)  David Hume, Baron Hume of Ninewells FRSE (1757\u20131838) was a Scottish advocate, judge and legal scholar, whose work on Scots criminal law and Scots private law has had a deep and continuing influence. He is referred to as Baron Hume to distinguish him from his uncle, David Hume the philosopher. Hume was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1779, and in 1786 was appointed Professor of Scottish Law at the University of Edinburgh, a post he retained until 1822, when he took up office as a Baron of Exchequer. In 1785 he married Jane Alder. They had three sons and three daughters. Hume \u2019s writings on criminal law culminated in his \"Commentaries on the Law of Scotland, Respecting Trial for Crimes\" (1797), a work that has continued to be cited in court into the 21st century. During his lifetime he never published his lectures on Scots private law, and indeed expressed the wish that they should not be published posthumously. But manuscript copies were widely circulated and were influential, sometimes being cited in court. Eventually they were published, in six volumes, between 1939 and 1958. The result was a revival of their influence, not least in the field of property law. David Hume was baptised 27 February 1757 at Chirnside, Berwickshire, a son of John Hume of Ninewells (1709\u20131786) and his wife, Agnes n\u00e9e Carre (1725\u20131785); he was a nephew of the philosopher David Hume. From 1765 to 1767, he was enrolled as a pupil at Edinburgh high school and then studied at the University of Edinburgh where, in 1774, he studied Roman Law. He matriculated as a law student at the University of Glasgow in 1775 where he remained until 1777 and lodged with Professor John Millar, \"then the most celebrated law teacher in the British Isles.\"", "David Hume (explorer)  David Hume (1796 Berwick, Scotland - 1 February 1864 Grahamstown) was a South African explorer and big-game hunter. David Hume was born in Berwick, Scotland and went to South Africa with Benjamin Moodie's Scottish settlers in 1817. He became a pioneer trader, explorer and renowned big-game hunter. Starting in 1829 when he accompanied Robert Moffat, he arranged trips into Mzilikazi's territory and was one of the first Europeans to meet this chief of the Matabele. In 1830 he explored the region north of the Limpopo River searching for gold. He was also the first recorded European to enter Bamangwato, the present-day Botswana. Hume heard reports of the existence of Lake Ngami, but in 1836 lacked the funds to mount an expedition. He had settled at Kuruman with his family and annually sold the products of his hunting on the Market Square in Grahamstown. On 2 April 1851 he sold of ivory for \u20a45 260 and karosses and ostrich plumes to the value of \u00a35 802. In 1854 he was elected as one of eight municipal commissioners of Grahamstown. Hume died in Grahamstown on 1 February 1864. Hume married Margaret Pirie on 12 Dec 1829 in Grahamstown; she had immigrated with her father in 1820, aged 11. She had been born in England about 1807 and died on 20 August 1897 in Grahamstown. Details are known of only one of their children - David Robert Hume born about 1841 and married Mary Ann Abigail Thomas, also born about 1841 in Albany and died 17 November 1865 at \"Glen Cliff\", Bedford."], "answer": {"text": "Joseph Home of Ninewells,", "answer_start": 46}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f152bab11adb4c85bf5c0cee07b55091_1_q#1", "question": "What was his mother's name?", "rewrite": "What was David Hume's mother's name?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tom Beauchamp Tom L. Beauchamp is an American philosopher specializing in philosophy of David Hume, moral philosophy, bioethics, and animal ethics. He is Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, and Senior Research Scholar at the University's Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp is the author or co-author of several books on ethics, and on the philosophy of David Hume, including \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981, with Alexander Rosenberg) , \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985, with James F. Childress), and \"The Human Use of Animals\" (1998, with F. Barbara Orlans \"et al\"). He is the co-editor with R.G. Frey of \"The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics\" (2011). He is also the co-editor of the complete works of Hume, \"The Critical Edition of the Works of David Hume\" (1999), published by Oxford University Press. He earned his BA from Southern Methodist University in 1963, a BD from Yale Divinity School, and PhD in philosophy from Johns Hopkins University in 1970. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center. Beauchamp worked on the staff of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, where he co-wrote the Belmont Report in 1978. He later joined with James Childress to write \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985), the first major American bioethics textbook. Beauchamp is also an expert on the philosophy of David Hume. He is the coeditor of the complete works of Hume published by Oxford University Press, and together with Alexander Rosenberg is the author of \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981), in which Hume's regularity theory of causation is defended, along with a nonskeptical interpretation of Hume's arguments against induction.", "David Hume of Godscroft David Hume (or Home; 1558\u20131629) was a Scottish historian and political theorist, poet and controversialist, a major intellectual figure in Jacobean Scotland. It has been said that \"Hume marks the culmination of the Scottish humanist tradition.\" Confusion is possible with David Hume or Home, Scottish minister at Duras in France, a contemporary: they had quite different views on the union with England. He was the second son of Sir David Hume or Home, seventh baron of Wedderburn, a Roman Catholic traditionalist of the Merse (now Berwickshire), who had married an active Calvinist wife in Mary Johnston of Elphinstone. He studied at Dunbar grammar school, under Andrew Simson. He then entered the University of St Andrews in 1578, and after a course of study there travelled on the continent. From France he went on to Geneva, intending to travel to Italy. Hume was recalled to Scotland by the serious illness of his elder brother George, returning about 1581. Both brothers supported the Ruthven raid of 1582. In 1583 he was residing as private secretary with his relative Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus, who was ordered, after James VI withdrew his confidence from the Ruthven lords, to remain in the north of Scotland. During the exile of the Ruthven party at Newcastle, Hume was in London, ostensibly studying, but actively interesting himself in Angus and his cause. The lords, with Hume, returned to Scotland in 1585, and between that date and 1588, when Angus died. In later life Hume devoted himself to literature on his property of Gowkscroft, a farming hamlet 2 miles to the north of Abbey St. Bathans, in the Lammermuir Hills, Berwickshire, which he renamed Godscroft, and styled himself Theagrius when he figured as a Latin poet.", "David Hume (explorer)  David Hume (1796 Berwick, Scotland - 1 February 1864 Grahamstown) was a South African explorer and big-game hunter. David Hume was born in Berwick, Scotland and went to South Africa with Benjamin Moodie's Scottish settlers in 1817. He became a pioneer trader, explorer and renowned big-game hunter. Starting in 1829 when he accompanied Robert Moffat, he arranged trips into Mzilikazi's territory and was one of the first Europeans to meet this chief of the Matabele. In 1830 he explored the region north of the Limpopo River searching for gold. He was also the first recorded European to enter Bamangwato, the present-day Botswana. Hume heard reports of the existence of Lake Ngami, but in 1836 lacked the funds to mount an expedition. He had settled at Kuruman with his family and annually sold the products of his hunting on the Market Square in Grahamstown. On 2 April 1851 he sold of ivory for \u20a45 260 and karosses and ostrich plumes to the value of \u00a35 802. In 1854 he was elected as one of eight municipal commissioners of Grahamstown. Hume died in Grahamstown on 1 February 1864. Hume married Margaret Pirie on 12 Dec 1829 in Grahamstown; she had immigrated with her father in 1820, aged 11. She had been born in England about 1807 and died on 20 August 1897 in Grahamstown. Details are known of only one of their children - David Robert Hume born about 1841 and married Mary Ann Abigail Thomas, also born about 1841 in Albany and died 17 November 1865 at \"Glen Cliff\", Bedford.", "His first wife was Barbara Johnstone, and his second wife, Anna Hume's mother, was Mariota Johnstone, known as \"The Good Lady Wedderburn\" for her charity work and good influence on the community. Not much is known about Anna Hume's ancestors on her mother's side. Anna Hume's grandfather, David Hume was also an active soldier, who was present at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, where his father and elder brother were killed by the English. David Hume also led a clan against the Duke of Albany in the border wars. He is known for cutting off the head of the French Warden D'Arcie de la Bastle in 1517, after D'Arcie de la Bastle was killed by John and Partick Hume. He married Alison Douglas, daughter of Sir George Douglas. Anna Hume also had six siblings: George, David, James, John, Juliana and Mariot Hume. Her brother George Hume was Collector and Comptroller of the Household to James VI and Queen (1597). Her brother David Hume, was a philosopher and historian who aided her Anna Hume and their father Dave Hume, in writing \"History of Douglas and Angus.\" He also aided his father in writing \u201cHistory of Humes of Wedderburn,\u201d a compilation of the Hume family history. Little is known about the life of Anna Hume. Her birth date and date of death are unknown. She is presumed to have lived from the late 16th to the mid- to late 17th century. She came from a titled family, and was born and raised in Wedderburn Castle in Scotland. Anna Hume is believed to have translated most, if not all, of her father's Latin poems. One of the greatest admirers of Hume's works was Drummond of Hawthornden.", "David Hume (advocate)  David Hume, Baron Hume of Ninewells FRSE (1757\u20131838) was a Scottish advocate, judge and legal scholar, whose work on Scots criminal law and Scots private law has had a deep and continuing influence. He is referred to as Baron Hume to distinguish him from his uncle, David Hume the philosopher. Hume was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1779, and in 1786 was appointed Professor of Scottish Law at the University of Edinburgh, a post he retained until 1822, when he took up office as a Baron of Exchequer. In 1785 he married Jane Alder. They had three sons and three daughters. Hume \u2019s writings on criminal law culminated in his \"Commentaries on the Law of Scotland, Respecting Trial for Crimes\" (1797), a work that has continued to be cited in court into the 21st century. During his lifetime he never published his lectures on Scots private law, and indeed expressed the wish that they should not be published posthumously. But manuscript copies were widely circulated and were influential, sometimes being cited in court. Eventually they were published, in six volumes, between 1939 and 1958. The result was a revival of their influence, not least in the field of property law. David Hume was baptised 27 February 1757 at Chirnside, Berwickshire, a son of John Hume of Ninewells (1709\u20131786) and his wife, Agnes n\u00e9e Carre (1725\u20131785); he was a nephew of the philosopher David Hume. From 1765 to 1767, he was enrolled as a pupil at Edinburgh high school and then studied at the University of Edinburgh where, in 1774, he studied Roman Law. He matriculated as a law student at the University of Glasgow in 1775 where he remained until 1777 and lodged with Professor John Millar, \"then the most celebrated law teacher in the British Isles.\""], "answer": {"text": "The Hon. Katherine (nee Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer.", "answer_start": 98}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was David Hume's father?", "answer": {"text": "Joseph Home of Ninewells,", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f152bab11adb4c85bf5c0cee07b55091_1_q#2", "question": "Was his mother influential to Hume?", "rewrite": "Was David Hume's mother influential?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tom Beauchamp Tom L. Beauchamp is an American philosopher specializing in philosophy of David Hume, moral philosophy, bioethics, and animal ethics. He is Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, and Senior Research Scholar at the University's Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp is the author or co-author of several books on ethics, and on the philosophy of David Hume, including \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981, with Alexander Rosenberg) , \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985, with James F. Childress), and \"The Human Use of Animals\" (1998, with F. Barbara Orlans \"et al\"). He is the co-editor with R.G. Frey of \"The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics\" (2011). He is also the co-editor of the complete works of Hume, \"The Critical Edition of the Works of David Hume\" (1999), published by Oxford University Press. He earned his BA from Southern Methodist University in 1963, a BD from Yale Divinity School, and PhD in philosophy from Johns Hopkins University in 1970. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center. Beauchamp worked on the staff of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, where he co-wrote the Belmont Report in 1978. He later joined with James Childress to write \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985), the first major American bioethics textbook. Beauchamp is also an expert on the philosophy of David Hume. He is the coeditor of the complete works of Hume published by Oxford University Press, and together with Alexander Rosenberg is the author of \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981), in which Hume's regularity theory of causation is defended, along with a nonskeptical interpretation of Hume's arguments against induction.", "His first wife was Barbara Johnstone, and his second wife, Anna Hume's mother, was Mariota Johnstone, known as \"The Good Lady Wedderburn\" for her charity work and good influence on the community. Not much is known about Anna Hume's ancestors on her mother's side. Anna Hume's grandfather, David Hume was also an active soldier, who was present at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, where his father and elder brother were killed by the English. David Hume also led a clan against the Duke of Albany in the border wars. He is known for cutting off the head of the French Warden D'Arcie de la Bastle in 1517, after D'Arcie de la Bastle was killed by John and Partick Hume. He married Alison Douglas, daughter of Sir George Douglas. Anna Hume also had six siblings: George, David, James, John, Juliana and Mariot Hume. Her brother George Hume was Collector and Comptroller of the Household to James VI and Queen (1597). Her brother David Hume, was a philosopher and historian who aided her Anna Hume and their father Dave Hume, in writing \"History of Douglas and Angus.\" He also aided his father in writing \u201cHistory of Humes of Wedderburn,\u201d a compilation of the Hume family history. Little is known about the life of Anna Hume. Her birth date and date of death are unknown. She is presumed to have lived from the late 16th to the mid- to late 17th century. She came from a titled family, and was born and raised in Wedderburn Castle in Scotland. Anna Hume is believed to have translated most, if not all, of her father's Latin poems. One of the greatest admirers of Hume's works was Drummond of Hawthornden.", "David Hume (advocate)  David Hume, Baron Hume of Ninewells FRSE (1757\u20131838) was a Scottish advocate, judge and legal scholar, whose work on Scots criminal law and Scots private law has had a deep and continuing influence. He is referred to as Baron Hume to distinguish him from his uncle, David Hume the philosopher. Hume was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1779, and in 1786 was appointed Professor of Scottish Law at the University of Edinburgh, a post he retained until 1822, when he took up office as a Baron of Exchequer. In 1785 he married Jane Alder. They had three sons and three daughters. Hume \u2019s writings on criminal law culminated in his \"Commentaries on the Law of Scotland, Respecting Trial for Crimes\" (1797), a work that has continued to be cited in court into the 21st century. During his lifetime he never published his lectures on Scots private law, and indeed expressed the wish that they should not be published posthumously. But manuscript copies were widely circulated and were influential, sometimes being cited in court. Eventually they were published, in six volumes, between 1939 and 1958. The result was a revival of their influence, not least in the field of property law. David Hume was baptised 27 February 1757 at Chirnside, Berwickshire, a son of John Hume of Ninewells (1709\u20131786) and his wife, Agnes n\u00e9e Carre (1725\u20131785); he was a nephew of the philosopher David Hume. From 1765 to 1767, he was enrolled as a pupil at Edinburgh high school and then studied at the University of Edinburgh where, in 1774, he studied Roman Law. He matriculated as a law student at the University of Glasgow in 1775 where he remained until 1777 and lodged with Professor John Millar, \"then the most celebrated law teacher in the British Isles.\"", "David Hume (explorer)  David Hume (1796 Berwick, Scotland - 1 February 1864 Grahamstown) was a South African explorer and big-game hunter. David Hume was born in Berwick, Scotland and went to South Africa with Benjamin Moodie's Scottish settlers in 1817. He became a pioneer trader, explorer and renowned big-game hunter. Starting in 1829 when he accompanied Robert Moffat, he arranged trips into Mzilikazi's territory and was one of the first Europeans to meet this chief of the Matabele. In 1830 he explored the region north of the Limpopo River searching for gold. He was also the first recorded European to enter Bamangwato, the present-day Botswana. Hume heard reports of the existence of Lake Ngami, but in 1836 lacked the funds to mount an expedition. He had settled at Kuruman with his family and annually sold the products of his hunting on the Market Square in Grahamstown. On 2 April 1851 he sold of ivory for \u20a45 260 and karosses and ostrich plumes to the value of \u00a35 802. In 1854 he was elected as one of eight municipal commissioners of Grahamstown. Hume died in Grahamstown on 1 February 1864. Hume married Margaret Pirie on 12 Dec 1829 in Grahamstown; she had immigrated with her father in 1820, aged 11. She had been born in England about 1807 and died on 20 August 1897 in Grahamstown. Details are known of only one of their children - David Robert Hume born about 1841 and married Mary Ann Abigail Thomas, also born about 1841 in Albany and died 17 November 1865 at \"Glen Cliff\", Bedford.", "David Hume of Godscroft David Hume (or Home; 1558\u20131629) was a Scottish historian and political theorist, poet and controversialist, a major intellectual figure in Jacobean Scotland. It has been said that \"Hume marks the culmination of the Scottish humanist tradition.\" Confusion is possible with David Hume or Home, Scottish minister at Duras in France, a contemporary: they had quite different views on the union with England. He was the second son of Sir David Hume or Home, seventh baron of Wedderburn, a Roman Catholic traditionalist of the Merse (now Berwickshire), who had married an active Calvinist wife in Mary Johnston of Elphinstone. He studied at Dunbar grammar school, under Andrew Simson. He then entered the University of St Andrews in 1578, and after a course of study there travelled on the continent. From France he went on to Geneva, intending to travel to Italy. Hume was recalled to Scotland by the serious illness of his elder brother George, returning about 1581. Both brothers supported the Ruthven raid of 1582. In 1583 he was residing as private secretary with his relative Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus, who was ordered, after James VI withdrew his confidence from the Ruthven lords, to remain in the north of Scotland. During the exile of the Ruthven party at Newcastle, Hume was in London, ostensibly studying, but actively interesting himself in Angus and his cause. The lords, with Hume, returned to Scotland in 1585, and between that date and 1588, when Angus died. In later life Hume devoted himself to literature on his property of Gowkscroft, a farming hamlet 2 miles to the north of Abbey St. Bathans, in the Lammermuir Hills, Berwickshire, which he renamed Godscroft, and styled himself Theagrius when he figured as a Latin poet."], "answer": {"text": "Hume's father died when Hume was a child, just after his second birthday, and he was raised by his mother, who never remarried.", "answer_start": 270}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was David Hume's father?", "answer": {"text": "Joseph Home of Ninewells,", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his mother's name?", "answer": {"text": "The Hon. Katherine (nee Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer.", "answer_start": 98, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f152bab11adb4c85bf5c0cee07b55091_1_q#3", "question": "Can you tell me more about his mom?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me more about David Hume's mom?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "n", "evidences": ["His first wife was Barbara Johnstone, and his second wife, Anna Hume's mother, was Mariota Johnstone, known as \"The Good Lady Wedderburn\" for her charity work and good influence on the community. Not much is known about Anna Hume's ancestors on her mother's side. Anna Hume's grandfather, David Hume was also an active soldier, who was present at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, where his father and elder brother were killed by the English. David Hume also led a clan against the Duke of Albany in the border wars. He is known for cutting off the head of the French Warden D'Arcie de la Bastle in 1517, after D'Arcie de la Bastle was killed by John and Partick Hume. He married Alison Douglas, daughter of Sir George Douglas. Anna Hume also had six siblings: George, David, James, John, Juliana and Mariot Hume. Her brother George Hume was Collector and Comptroller of the Household to James VI and Queen (1597). Her brother David Hume, was a philosopher and historian who aided her Anna Hume and their father Dave Hume, in writing \"History of Douglas and Angus.\" He also aided his father in writing \u201cHistory of Humes of Wedderburn,\u201d a compilation of the Hume family history. Little is known about the life of Anna Hume. Her birth date and date of death are unknown. She is presumed to have lived from the late 16th to the mid- to late 17th century. She came from a titled family, and was born and raised in Wedderburn Castle in Scotland. Anna Hume is believed to have translated most, if not all, of her father's Latin poems. One of the greatest admirers of Hume's works was Drummond of Hawthornden.", "David Hume of Godscroft David Hume (or Home; 1558\u20131629) was a Scottish historian and political theorist, poet and controversialist, a major intellectual figure in Jacobean Scotland. It has been said that \"Hume marks the culmination of the Scottish humanist tradition.\" Confusion is possible with David Hume or Home, Scottish minister at Duras in France, a contemporary: they had quite different views on the union with England. He was the second son of Sir David Hume or Home, seventh baron of Wedderburn, a Roman Catholic traditionalist of the Merse (now Berwickshire), who had married an active Calvinist wife in Mary Johnston of Elphinstone. He studied at Dunbar grammar school, under Andrew Simson. He then entered the University of St Andrews in 1578, and after a course of study there travelled on the continent. From France he went on to Geneva, intending to travel to Italy. Hume was recalled to Scotland by the serious illness of his elder brother George, returning about 1581. Both brothers supported the Ruthven raid of 1582. In 1583 he was residing as private secretary with his relative Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus, who was ordered, after James VI withdrew his confidence from the Ruthven lords, to remain in the north of Scotland. During the exile of the Ruthven party at Newcastle, Hume was in London, ostensibly studying, but actively interesting himself in Angus and his cause. The lords, with Hume, returned to Scotland in 1585, and between that date and 1588, when Angus died. In later life Hume devoted himself to literature on his property of Gowkscroft, a farming hamlet 2 miles to the north of Abbey St. Bathans, in the Lammermuir Hills, Berwickshire, which he renamed Godscroft, and styled himself Theagrius when he figured as a Latin poet.", "Tom Beauchamp Tom L. Beauchamp is an American philosopher specializing in philosophy of David Hume, moral philosophy, bioethics, and animal ethics. He is Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, and Senior Research Scholar at the University's Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp is the author or co-author of several books on ethics, and on the philosophy of David Hume, including \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981, with Alexander Rosenberg) , \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985, with James F. Childress), and \"The Human Use of Animals\" (1998, with F. Barbara Orlans \"et al\"). He is the co-editor with R.G. Frey of \"The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics\" (2011). He is also the co-editor of the complete works of Hume, \"The Critical Edition of the Works of David Hume\" (1999), published by Oxford University Press. He earned his BA from Southern Methodist University in 1963, a BD from Yale Divinity School, and PhD in philosophy from Johns Hopkins University in 1970. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center. Beauchamp worked on the staff of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, where he co-wrote the Belmont Report in 1978. He later joined with James Childress to write \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985), the first major American bioethics textbook. Beauchamp is also an expert on the philosophy of David Hume. He is the coeditor of the complete works of Hume published by Oxford University Press, and together with Alexander Rosenberg is the author of \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981), in which Hume's regularity theory of causation is defended, along with a nonskeptical interpretation of Hume's arguments against induction.", "David Hume (explorer)  David Hume (1796 Berwick, Scotland - 1 February 1864 Grahamstown) was a South African explorer and big-game hunter. David Hume was born in Berwick, Scotland and went to South Africa with Benjamin Moodie's Scottish settlers in 1817. He became a pioneer trader, explorer and renowned big-game hunter. Starting in 1829 when he accompanied Robert Moffat, he arranged trips into Mzilikazi's territory and was one of the first Europeans to meet this chief of the Matabele. In 1830 he explored the region north of the Limpopo River searching for gold. He was also the first recorded European to enter Bamangwato, the present-day Botswana. Hume heard reports of the existence of Lake Ngami, but in 1836 lacked the funds to mount an expedition. He had settled at Kuruman with his family and annually sold the products of his hunting on the Market Square in Grahamstown. On 2 April 1851 he sold of ivory for \u20a45 260 and karosses and ostrich plumes to the value of \u00a35 802. In 1854 he was elected as one of eight municipal commissioners of Grahamstown. Hume died in Grahamstown on 1 February 1864. Hume married Margaret Pirie on 12 Dec 1829 in Grahamstown; she had immigrated with her father in 1820, aged 11. She had been born in England about 1807 and died on 20 August 1897 in Grahamstown. Details are known of only one of their children - David Robert Hume born about 1841 and married Mary Ann Abigail Thomas, also born about 1841 in Albany and died 17 November 1865 at \"Glen Cliff\", Bedford.", "David Hume (advocate)  David Hume, Baron Hume of Ninewells FRSE (1757\u20131838) was a Scottish advocate, judge and legal scholar, whose work on Scots criminal law and Scots private law has had a deep and continuing influence. He is referred to as Baron Hume to distinguish him from his uncle, David Hume the philosopher. Hume was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1779, and in 1786 was appointed Professor of Scottish Law at the University of Edinburgh, a post he retained until 1822, when he took up office as a Baron of Exchequer. In 1785 he married Jane Alder. They had three sons and three daughters. Hume \u2019s writings on criminal law culminated in his \"Commentaries on the Law of Scotland, Respecting Trial for Crimes\" (1797), a work that has continued to be cited in court into the 21st century. During his lifetime he never published his lectures on Scots private law, and indeed expressed the wish that they should not be published posthumously. But manuscript copies were widely circulated and were influential, sometimes being cited in court. Eventually they were published, in six volumes, between 1939 and 1958. The result was a revival of their influence, not least in the field of property law. David Hume was baptised 27 February 1757 at Chirnside, Berwickshire, a son of John Hume of Ninewells (1709\u20131786) and his wife, Agnes n\u00e9e Carre (1725\u20131785); he was a nephew of the philosopher David Hume. From 1765 to 1767, he was enrolled as a pupil at Edinburgh high school and then studied at the University of Edinburgh where, in 1774, he studied Roman Law. He matriculated as a law student at the University of Glasgow in 1775 where he remained until 1777 and lodged with Professor John Millar, \"then the most celebrated law teacher in the British Isles.\""], "answer": {"text": "His family was not rich, and, as a younger son, he had little patrimony to live on. He was therefore forced to make a living somehow.", "answer_start": 758}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was David Hume's father?", "answer": {"text": "Joseph Home of Ninewells,", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his mother's name?", "answer": {"text": "The Hon. Katherine (nee Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer.", "answer_start": 98, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his mother influential to Hume?", "answer": {"text": "Hume's father died when Hume was a child, just after his second birthday, and he was raised by his mother, who never remarried.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f152bab11adb4c85bf5c0cee07b55091_1_q#4", "question": "Where was he born?", "rewrite": "Where was David Hume born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["David Hume of Godscroft David Hume (or Home; 1558\u20131629) was a Scottish historian and political theorist, poet and controversialist, a major intellectual figure in Jacobean Scotland. It has been said that \"Hume marks the culmination of the Scottish humanist tradition.\" Confusion is possible with David Hume or Home, Scottish minister at Duras in France, a contemporary: they had quite different views on the union with England. He was the second son of Sir David Hume or Home, seventh baron of Wedderburn, a Roman Catholic traditionalist of the Merse (now Berwickshire), who had married an active Calvinist wife in Mary Johnston of Elphinstone. He studied at Dunbar grammar school, under Andrew Simson. He then entered the University of St Andrews in 1578, and after a course of study there travelled on the continent. From France he went on to Geneva, intending to travel to Italy. Hume was recalled to Scotland by the serious illness of his elder brother George, returning about 1581. Both brothers supported the Ruthven raid of 1582. In 1583 he was residing as private secretary with his relative Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus, who was ordered, after James VI withdrew his confidence from the Ruthven lords, to remain in the north of Scotland. During the exile of the Ruthven party at Newcastle, Hume was in London, ostensibly studying, but actively interesting himself in Angus and his cause. The lords, with Hume, returned to Scotland in 1585, and between that date and 1588, when Angus died. In later life Hume devoted himself to literature on his property of Gowkscroft, a farming hamlet 2 miles to the north of Abbey St. Bathans, in the Lammermuir Hills, Berwickshire, which he renamed Godscroft, and styled himself Theagrius when he figured as a Latin poet.", "His first wife was Barbara Johnstone, and his second wife, Anna Hume's mother, was Mariota Johnstone, known as \"The Good Lady Wedderburn\" for her charity work and good influence on the community. Not much is known about Anna Hume's ancestors on her mother's side. Anna Hume's grandfather, David Hume was also an active soldier, who was present at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, where his father and elder brother were killed by the English. David Hume also led a clan against the Duke of Albany in the border wars. He is known for cutting off the head of the French Warden D'Arcie de la Bastle in 1517, after D'Arcie de la Bastle was killed by John and Partick Hume. He married Alison Douglas, daughter of Sir George Douglas. Anna Hume also had six siblings: George, David, James, John, Juliana and Mariot Hume. Her brother George Hume was Collector and Comptroller of the Household to James VI and Queen (1597). Her brother David Hume, was a philosopher and historian who aided her Anna Hume and their father Dave Hume, in writing \"History of Douglas and Angus.\" He also aided his father in writing \u201cHistory of Humes of Wedderburn,\u201d a compilation of the Hume family history. Little is known about the life of Anna Hume. Her birth date and date of death are unknown. She is presumed to have lived from the late 16th to the mid- to late 17th century. She came from a titled family, and was born and raised in Wedderburn Castle in Scotland. Anna Hume is believed to have translated most, if not all, of her father's Latin poems. One of the greatest admirers of Hume's works was Drummond of Hawthornden.", "Tom Beauchamp Tom L. Beauchamp is an American philosopher specializing in philosophy of David Hume, moral philosophy, bioethics, and animal ethics. He is Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown University, and Senior Research Scholar at the University's Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Beauchamp is the author or co-author of several books on ethics, and on the philosophy of David Hume, including \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981, with Alexander Rosenberg) , \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985, with James F. Childress), and \"The Human Use of Animals\" (1998, with F. Barbara Orlans \"et al\"). He is the co-editor with R.G. Frey of \"The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics\" (2011). He is also the co-editor of the complete works of Hume, \"The Critical Edition of the Works of David Hume\" (1999), published by Oxford University Press. He earned his BA from Southern Methodist University in 1963, a BD from Yale Divinity School, and PhD in philosophy from Johns Hopkins University in 1970. He is a fellow of the Hastings Center. Beauchamp worked on the staff of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, where he co-wrote the Belmont Report in 1978. He later joined with James Childress to write \"Principles of Biomedical Ethics\" (1985), the first major American bioethics textbook. Beauchamp is also an expert on the philosophy of David Hume. He is the coeditor of the complete works of Hume published by Oxford University Press, and together with Alexander Rosenberg is the author of \"Hume and the Problem of Causation\" (1981), in which Hume's regularity theory of causation is defended, along with a nonskeptical interpretation of Hume's arguments against induction.", "David Hume (explorer)  David Hume (1796 Berwick, Scotland - 1 February 1864 Grahamstown) was a South African explorer and big-game hunter. David Hume was born in Berwick, Scotland and went to South Africa with Benjamin Moodie's Scottish settlers in 1817. He became a pioneer trader, explorer and renowned big-game hunter. Starting in 1829 when he accompanied Robert Moffat, he arranged trips into Mzilikazi's territory and was one of the first Europeans to meet this chief of the Matabele. In 1830 he explored the region north of the Limpopo River searching for gold. He was also the first recorded European to enter Bamangwato, the present-day Botswana. Hume heard reports of the existence of Lake Ngami, but in 1836 lacked the funds to mount an expedition. He had settled at Kuruman with his family and annually sold the products of his hunting on the Market Square in Grahamstown. On 2 April 1851 he sold of ivory for \u20a45 260 and karosses and ostrich plumes to the value of \u00a35 802. In 1854 he was elected as one of eight municipal commissioners of Grahamstown. Hume died in Grahamstown on 1 February 1864. Hume married Margaret Pirie on 12 Dec 1829 in Grahamstown; she had immigrated with her father in 1820, aged 11. She had been born in England about 1807 and died on 20 August 1897 in Grahamstown. Details are known of only one of their children - David Robert Hume born about 1841 and married Mary Ann Abigail Thomas, also born about 1841 in Albany and died 17 November 1865 at \"Glen Cliff\", Bedford.", "David Hume (advocate)  David Hume, Baron Hume of Ninewells FRSE (1757\u20131838) was a Scottish advocate, judge and legal scholar, whose work on Scots criminal law and Scots private law has had a deep and continuing influence. He is referred to as Baron Hume to distinguish him from his uncle, David Hume the philosopher. Hume was educated at the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh. He became an advocate in 1779, and in 1786 was appointed Professor of Scottish Law at the University of Edinburgh, a post he retained until 1822, when he took up office as a Baron of Exchequer. In 1785 he married Jane Alder. They had three sons and three daughters. Hume \u2019s writings on criminal law culminated in his \"Commentaries on the Law of Scotland, Respecting Trial for Crimes\" (1797), a work that has continued to be cited in court into the 21st century. During his lifetime he never published his lectures on Scots private law, and indeed expressed the wish that they should not be published posthumously. But manuscript copies were widely circulated and were influential, sometimes being cited in court. Eventually they were published, in six volumes, between 1939 and 1958. The result was a revival of their influence, not least in the field of property law. David Hume was baptised 27 February 1757 at Chirnside, Berwickshire, a son of John Hume of Ninewells (1709\u20131786) and his wife, Agnes n\u00e9e Carre (1725\u20131785); he was a nephew of the philosopher David Hume. From 1765 to 1767, he was enrolled as a pupil at Edinburgh high school and then studied at the University of Edinburgh where, in 1774, he studied Roman Law. He matriculated as a law student at the University of Glasgow in 1775 where he remained until 1777 and lodged with Professor John Millar, \"then the most celebrated law teacher in the British Isles.\""], "answer": {"text": "in a tenement on the north side of the Lawnmarket in Edinburgh.", "answer_start": 206}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who was David Hume's father?", "answer": {"text": "Joseph Home of Ninewells,", "answer_start": 46, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his mother's name?", "answer": {"text": "The Hon. Katherine (nee Falconer), daughter of Sir David Falconer.", "answer_start": 98, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was his mother influential to Hume?", "answer": {"text": "Hume's father died when Hume was a child, just after his second birthday, and he was raised by his mother, who never remarried.", "answer_start": 270, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me more about his mom?", "answer": {"text": "His family was not rich, and, as a younger son, he had little patrimony to live on. He was therefore forced to make a living somehow.", "answer_start": 758, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544768882afc4f32937739d72ab91bac_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Walker first go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Walker first go to school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Patsy Walker Hellcat (Patricia \"Patsy\" Walker) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She premiered as the star of a teen romantic-comedy series and was later integrated into Marvel superhero franchises such as the Avengers and the Defenders. Created by Stuart Little and Ruth Atkinson, Patsy Walker first appeared in \"Miss America Magazine\" #2 (November 1944), published by Marvel precursor Timely Comics, and became Hellcat in \"The Avengers\" #144 (February 1976). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, a version of the character (Patricia \"Trish\" Walker) was portrayed by Rachael Taylor as a main character in the Netflix created series \"Jessica Jones\", as a recurring character in \"The Defenders\", and as a guest character in \"Luke Cage\". Created by writer Stuart Little and artist Ruth Atkinson, Patsy Walker first appeared in \"Miss America Magazine\" #2 (cover-dated Nov. 1944), published by Marvel precursor Timely Comics. Redheaded Patsy Walker, her parents Stanley and Betty, her boyfriend Robert \"Buzz\" Baxter, and her raven-haired friendly rival Hedy Wolfe appeared from the 1940s through 1967 in issues of \"Miss America\", \"Teen Comics\", \"Girls' Life\", and the namesake teen-humor series \"Patsy Walker\", as well as in the spin-offs \"Patsy and Hedy\", \"Patsy and Her Pals\", and the single-issue \"A Date with Patsy\". Attesting to its quiet popularity, \"Patsy Walker\" (along with \"Millie the Model\" and \"Kid Colt, Outlaw\") was among the very few titles published continuously by Marvel from the 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books, through Marvel's 1950s iteration as Atlas Comics, and into the 1960s Silver Age of Comic Books.", "Gerald Walker Gerald Joshua Walker (born July 14, 1987), better known by his stage name Gerald Walker, is an American hip-hop musician, author and singer from Chicago, Illinois. In 2018 he announced a partnership with Stalley\u2019s hip-hop collective Blue Collar Gang. Walker is known for his soul influenced style of hip-hop, and his associations with artist Layzie Bone of Bone Thugs-N-Harmony, Cardo, Yelawolf, Skyzoo and Rockie Fresh. Gerald Walker was born in Chicago, Illinois and grew up in Bellwood and Matteson. His father, a college professor and Air Force veteran was African-American, while his mother, an executive Assistant at the Proviso Leyden Council, in Maywood, Illinois, is of African-American descent. When he was five years old, Walker's parents separated; this event would have a significant effect on Walker's personality and consequently his music. Walker attended Riverside University High School, and took classes at Columbia College Chicago during the summer. It was the summer after his high school graduation that Walker first began rapping, inspired by hip-hop groups such as Little Brother and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony\". He moved to Chicago to pursue a career in television while networking with other emerging artist within the city's music scene. In September 2009 Walker released his debut mixtape, \"Evening Out With Your Girlfriend\". In 2010 Gerald Walker released his second official mixtape, \"I Remember When This All Meant Something...\". The mixtape consist of fifteen original tracks including three hidden bonus songs featuring production from, Symbolyc One, producer of Kanye West's 2010 single Power. Gerald Walker released his first Christmas-themed album, \"A Gerald Walker Christmas\", which included three original and two traditional songs re-arranged with up-tempo beats in hip-hop-style.", "' Harra, were both mulattos. According to Walker's biographer David W. Zang, his father came to Ohio from Pennsylvania, likely a beneficiary of Quaker patronage, and married O' Harra, who was a native to the state, on June 11, 1843. When Walker was three years old, the family moved 20 miles northeast to Steubenville where Moses W. became one of the first black physicians of Ohio and later a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church. There, Walker's fifth or sixth sibling, his younger brother Weldy, was born the same year. Walker and Weldy attended Steubenville High School in the early 1870s, just as the community passed legislation for racial integration. As an adult, Walker enrolled at Oberlin College in 1878, where he majored in philosophy and the arts. At Oberlin, Walker proved himself to be an excellent student, especially in mechanics and rhetoric, but by his sophomore year he was rarely attending classes. How Walker first came to play baseball is uncertain: according to Zang, the game was popular among Steubenville children, and while in Oberlin's preparatory program Walker became the prep team's catcher and leadoff hitter. Oberlin men played baseball as early as 1865\u2014including a \u201cjet black\u201d first baseman whose presence meant Walker was not the college's first black baseball player\u2014with organized clubs that engaged in intense matchups. Walker gained stardom and mentions in the school newspaper, \"The Oberlin Review\", for his ball handling and ability to hit long home runs. In 1881, Oberlin lifted their ban on off-campus competition. Walker, joined by Weldy who enrolled in the class of 1885, played on the baseball club's first inter-collegiate team.", "Anthony Walker Jr.  Anthony Laron Walker Jr. (born August 8, 1995) is an American football linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Northwestern University Wildcats and was drafted by the Colts in the 5th round of the 2017 NFL Draft. Walker first saw action in his redshirt freshman season when Collin Ellis went down with a series of injuries. In his first career game, Walker returned an interception for a touchdown against Penn State that capped a Northwestern win. In his first full season as a starter, Walker found success as he recorded 122 tackles to lead the team and 20.5 tackles for loss which was fourth in the nation. For his performance that season, Walker received All-American recognition from the AP and Sports Illustrated as well as Consensus First-Team All Big 10 honors. On November 29, 2016, Walker was named Second Team All-Big Ten. The Indianapolis Colts selected Walker in the fifth round (161st overall) of the 2017 NFL Draft. Walker was the 20th linebacker drafted in 2017. On May 11, 2017, the Indianapolis Colts signed Walker to a four-year, $2.66 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $265,413. Walker missed organized team activities due to Northwestern's quarters schedule and the league's rules on rookies being unable to join their team until their school's final semester had concluded. Upon entering training camp, Walker competed to be a starting inside linebacker against Sean Spence, Antonio Morrison, Jon Bostic, and Edwin Jackson. Head coach Chuck Pagano named Walker a backup inside linebacker to begin the regular season, behind Jon Bostic and Antonio Morrison. He made his professional regular season debut in the Indianapolis Colts' season-opener at the Los Angeles Rams, but exited in the second quarter of their 46\u20139 loss after sustaining a hamstring injury.", "However, Walker did not qualify to have his name on the trophy as he did not meet the games-played requirement. After six seasons within the Capitals organization, Walker left as a free agent to sign on a one-year, two-way contract with the St. Louis Blues on 1 July 2019. Walker first played for the Australian men's senior team at the 2011 IIHF World Championship Division II Group A tournament which was held in Melbourne, Australia. Australia won the tournament and was promoted to Division I Group B for the 2012 World Championships. Walker finished the tournament with four goals and two assists for six points, tied for third overall. He was also recognised by the tournament coaches as the best player on the Australian team. Walker represented Australia again at the 2012 World Championships. Playing in Division IB, Australia finished last in the group and was relegated to Division IIA for 2013. Walker scored two goals during the tournament. Walker was born in Cardiff, Wales to Wayne and Ceri; he also has an older brother, Ryan. When Walker was two, his family moved to Sydney, Australia where he started at Kirrawee High School. Wayne played rugby league, leading to Nathan playing for the Cronulla Sharks junior team until the age of 15. Ryan, his older brother, also played hockey representing Australia in the national under-18 squad. Ryan had to quit hockey after he was injured during a game in the United States. While in the Czech Republic Walker learned to speak Czech, Slovak, and some Russian. Walker first played ice hockey in Australia at the age of six, after watching his older brother Ryan play. Due to a lack of ice hockey broadcasting in Australia, Walker was also inspired after watching \"The Mighty Ducks\" film series and \"Mystery, Alaska\", all of which are based around ice hockey."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_544768882afc4f32937739d72ab91bac_1_q#1", "question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "rewrite": "What can you tell me about Scott Walker's education?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The company\u2019s most traveled train line has a \u201cstate-of-good-repair backlog\u201d of 11,100 major projects and 4,800 basic infrastructure repairs. In addition, the New York Times reported that the crash could have been prevented with the installation of a safety system known as Positive Train Control. The Association of American Railroads says that it would require an additional $5 billion to complete the installations throughout the country by the end of this year. Instead of considering a strong investment in our nation\u2019s rail system - which would not only benefit millions of Americans but also contribute countless millions in the form of new economic development and employment opportunities - Republicans have slashed Amtrak\u2019s funding every year. In 2015 Gov. and GOP presidential candidate Scott Walker slashed the budget for Wisconsin\u2019s public education system by $250 million, the deepest in the history of Wisconsin\u2019s higher education, leaving 41,000 without student aid. Scott Walker\u2019s suggestion to people who want to escape poverty is to \u201clearn more and earn more\u201d. His suggestion for those who follow that advice and are now drowning in student loans is\u2026 \"hold your breath.\u201d With the help of One Wisconsin Now, Think Progress, StudentDebtCrisis.org, and Wisconsin Jobs Now, the \u201cHold Your Breath\u201d ad had been widely distributed to highlight the national conversation on the issue of student debt, both to highlight the detrimental policies of Republicans and embolden Democrats to act more aggressively to address this issue. After the Koch brothers invested nearly $1 billion in Scott Walker and his presidential campaign, the Agenda Project cut an ad to expose Scott Walker as a Koch brother puppet. The ad claimed that Scott Walker, the puppet president, is a serious threat to our democracy. Puppet4President is an effort to bring attention to this.", "Scott Walker discography Scott Walker is the stage name of the American singer-songwriter Noel Scott Engel (1943\u20132019), former lead singer with The Walker Brothers. He lived in the United Kingdom from the 1960s until his death. His earliest material was released under his own name in the late 1950s. His most successful period in his career was between the years 1965 and 1970 where in he released three albums with The Walker Brothers, before going on to record a number of popular albums as a solo artist. Walker's career faltered critically and commercially in the 1970s where he became stuck in a cycle of releasing lacklustre albums of MOR covers. In the mid-1970s Walker reformed The Walker Brothers with mixed results. Their final album together; \"Nite Flights\" (1978) was a sonic breakthrough for Walker. His next three albums \u2013 each released eleven years apart \u2013 developed and expanded his new direction. \"For a detailed listing of Scott Walker's albums and singles with The Walker Brothers, see: The Walker Brothers discography.\" All non-UK singles list the country of release in brackets. B-sides vary in some territories. Prior to forming The Walker Brothers, Scott Walker recorded a series of songs under various names, most commonly as Scott Engel. Many of these recordings were later compiled and re-released credited to Scott Walker. Walker also collaborated with John Stewart in a series of short-lived groups, such as The Moongooners, Newporters and Chosen Few. All singles credited to Scott Engel; except where indicated.", "Scott: Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series  Scott : Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series is the fourth studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker. It was released in June 1969 and reached number seven on the UK Albums Chart. No singles were released from the album, though some editions include Walker's top-twenty single; \"Lights of Cincinnati\". The album does not include original compositions by Walker and consists of performances of ballads and big band standards. The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued. The album is an accompaniment to his BBC TV series \"Scott\". It features studio re-recordings of a selection of music performed on the show and does not feature any original live recordings from the TV show. The continued unavailability of \"Scott: Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series\" is believed to be due to Walker's dissatisfaction with the album and his albums from the early 1970s, which he describes in the documentary \"\" as his \"wilderness years\". Walker has blocked CD re-releases of the TV Series album, \"The Moviegoer\" (1972) and \"Any Day Now\" (1973). In spite of the album's deletion, around half of the songs were released in recent years on the budget \"The Collection\" compilation and \"Classics & Collectibles\" (2005). \"I Have Dreamed,\" \"Country Girl,\" \"When the World Was Young,\" \"Someone to Light Up My Life,\" \"The Impossible Dream,\" \" If She Walked Into My Life,\" \"Who (Will Take My Place)\" and \"Lost in the Stars\" are included on \"Classics & Collectibles\", while \"The Look of Love\" is included on \"The Collection\". \"", "5 Easy Pieces (Scott Walker box set) 5 Easy Pieces is a box set anthology of the career (to date) of Scott Walker. It was released in November 2003. The set comprises five themed CDs and a 56-page booklet. All tracks written by Scott Walker, unless otherwise noted. (NB: Walker is sometimes credited as Scott Engel or N. S. Engel; these instances are noted as such in the listing.) All tracks performed by Scott Walker, except \u2020 by The Walker Brothers, \u2021 by Ute Lemper, and 2.16 by Esther Ofarim . \"The complete bedsit dramas, including the kitchen sink\" \"Songs of a Lady, Love and Loss\" \"Home and away: songs from Europe and America\" \"The darkest hour is just before dawn: 15 big hits\" \"Music from and for films\"", "Nucleus basalis The nucleus basalis, also known as the nucleus basalis of Meynert or nucleus basalis magnocellularis, is a group of neurons located mainly in the substantia innominata of the basal forebrain. Most neurons of the nucleus basalis are rich in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and they have widespread projections to the neocortex and other brain structures. The nucleus basalis in humans is a somewhat diffuse collection of large cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. The main body of the nucleus basalis lies inferior to the anterior commissure and the globus pallidus, and lateral to the anterior hypothalamus in an area known as the substantia innominata. Rostrally, the nucleus basalis is continuous with the cholinergic neurons of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. The nucleus basalis is thought to consist of several subdivisions based on the location of the cells and their projections to other brain regions. Occasional neurons belonging to the nucleus basalis can be found in nearby locations such as the internal laminae of the globus pallidus and the genu of the internal capsule. The widespread connections of the nucleus basalis with other parts of the brain indicate that it is likely to have an important modulatory influence on brain function. Studies of the firing patterns of nucleus basalis neurons in nonhuman primates indicate that the cells are associated with arousing stimuli, both positive (appetitive) and negative (aversive). There is also evidence that the nucleus basalis promotes sustained attention. Cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis have been hypothesized to modulate the ratio of reality and virtual reality components of visual perception. Experimental evidence has shown that normal visual perception has two components."], "answer": {"text": "Walker signed a law to fund evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners", "answer_start": 18}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Walker first go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544768882afc4f32937739d72ab91bac_1_q#2", "question": "What happened next with the law?", "rewrite": "What happened next with the law?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Distributed Training Operations Center The Distributed Training Operations Center (DTOC) is the Iowa Air National Guard center for Distributed Mission Operations located in Des Moines, Iowa (USA). Distributed Mission Operations, or DMO, is a component of the Air Force Training Transformation initiative. The center organizes DMO events primarily for Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve Command pilots. It enables pilots from throughout the United States and the world to train together in a virtual world for combat missions. The DTOC facilitates training between Air National Guard fighter pilots and warfighters in the U.S. Army, Air Force Reserve, Navy, and other forces. The National Guard and Reserve Equipment Report for Fiscal Year 2008, reports that the, \"...ANG established the first Distributed Warfare Detachment in the Air Force at the 132nd Fighter Wing (132 FW) to house the Distributed Training Operation Center (DTOC). The DTOC\u2019s one-of-a-kind capabilities and mission will grow to keep pace with the scope of Distributed Mission Operations (DMO) in the Air Force over the next four years. As the Guard\u2019s DMO lynchpin, the DTOC will provide the operational environment for a virtual battlespace linking a wide array of high fidelity flight and mission crew simulators. The DTOC is responsible for all network management, event control, scenario development, unit DMO scheduling, remote maintenance, remote instruction, and realistic threat insertion. In addition, the DTOC manages the distributed network called ARCNET. The Mission Training Engineering Center (MTEC), collocated with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in Mesa, AZ, coordinates technology programs with AFRL, and acts as the engineering focal point for the ARC to exploit and transition leading edge technology into hardware or software solutions.\"", "Siddharthnagar district Siddharthnagar district (Hindi: \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u0917\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u092a\u0926) is one of the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh state in Northern India. Naugarh town is the district headquarters. Siddharthnagar district is a part of Basti division. According to the Government of India, Siddharthnagar district is one of the Muslim concentrated districts in India on the basis of the 2001 census data on population diversity, socio-economic indicators and basic amenities indicators. Some scholars have suggested that modern-day Piprahwa-Ganwaria was the site of the ancient city of Kapilavastu, the capital of the Shakya kingdom, where Siddhartha Gautama spent the first 29 years of his life, according to Buddhist texts such as the P\u0101li Canon. Others suggest that the original site of Kapilavastu is located to the northwest, at Tilaurakot, in what is currently Kapilvastu District in Nepal. Siddharthnagar district lies between 27\u00b0N to 27\u00b028'N and 82\u00b045'E to 83\u00b010'E. It is part of Purvanchal. The district borders Nepal's Kapilvastu district on the north and Rupandehi district on the northeast. Otherwise, it is surrounded by other districts of Uttar Pradesh: Maharajganj on the east, Basti and Sant Kabir Nagar on the south, and Balrampur on the west. Siddharthnagar's area is 2,752 km. In 2006, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Siddharthnagar one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).", "Debt Management Office The UK Debt Management Office (DMO) is the executive agency responsible for carrying out UK Government's debt management. The DMO is responsible for day-to-day management of the UK Government's debt. It is tasked with carrying out the UK Government's debt management policy of minimising financing costs over the long term, taking account of risk, and managing the aggregate cash needs of the Exchequer in the most cost-effective way, in both cases consistently with the objectives of monetary and any wider policy considerations. It also manages the Public Works Loan Board and the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt. In institutional terms, the DMO is legally and constitutionally part of HM Treasury, but as an executive agency. It reports to the Commercial Secretary to the Treasury although it operates at arm's length from Ministers. The Chancellor of the Exchequer determines the policy and financial framework within which the DMO operates, but delegates to the Chief Executive operational decisions on debt and cash management, and day-to-day management of the office. The DMO was established on 1 April 1998. The change was implemented following the incoming Blair Government's decision to give the Bank of England independence in setting monetary policy. Prior to the establishment of the DMO, management of the Government's debt was undertaken by the Bank of England on behalf of the Treasury.", "Presented by Barry Landy, the show featured two teams consisting of Stuart Hodge, Rory Wilde, Phil Peacock, Steve Sanders, Ben Mouncer and Lewis Davies and included rounds such as 'Tiger's Eighteen Holes' and 'Whelan or Fortune'. In November 2012, One Media Radio's Head of Sport Edmund Doc Crosthwaite confirmed that \"Final Quizzle\" would return for a one off Christmas special on 12 December 2012. \"A Question of Sport Relief\" is a special version of the show usually presented by a guest presenter on Sport Relief night since 2002. The 2002, 2004 and 2006 versions were hosted by Stephen Fry. 2008's version was hosted by Jimmy Carr after Fry had to pull out having broken his arm. BBC One Scotland aired a one-off \"A Question of Scotland\" as part of \"Children in Need 2008\", with Jackie Bird as quizmaster. The CBBC programme \"Dick and Dom In Da Bungalow\" made a parody called \" A Question of Muck\" as part of the creamy muck muck grand finale game. The CBBC programme \" The Saturday Show\" did a segment called \"A Question of Busted\" featuring the pop band Busted answering questions about themselves it was presented by Fearne Cotton who in each segment was dressed as Sue Barker. The \"What Happened Next?\" round was spoofed in an episode of \"A Bit of Fry & Laurie\" as David Coleman (Fry) asks Emlyn Hughes (Laurie) to guess what happened after the action stopped in the previous sketch. The host's refusal to confirm whether the given answer is correct then leads into another round of the game, with the question of what happened following the original What Happened Next? sketch.", "Terrestrial Trunked Radio Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA; formerly known as Trans-European Trunked Radio), a European standard for a trunked radio system, is a professional mobile radio and two-way transceiver specification. TETRA was specifically designed for use by government agencies, emergency services, (police forces, fire departments, ambulance) for public safety networks, rail transport staff for train radios, transport services and the military. TETRA is the European version of trunked radio, similar to Project 25. TETRA is a European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) standard, first version published 1995; it is mentioned by the European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC). TETRA uses time-division multiple access (TDMA) with four user channels on one radio carrier and 25 kHz spacing between carriers. Both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transfer can be used. Digital data transmission is also included in the standard though at a low data rate. TETRA Mobile Stations (MS) can communicate direct-mode operation (DMO) or using trunked-mode operation (TMO) using switching and management infrastructure (SwMI) made of TETRA base stations (TBS). As well as allowing direct communications in situations where network coverage is not available, DMO also includes the possibility of using a sequence of one or more TETRA terminals as relays. This functionality is called DMO gateway (from DMO to TMO) or DMO repeater (from DMO to DMO). In emergency situations this feature allows direct communications underground or in areas of bad coverage. In addition to voice and dispatch services, the TETRA system supports several types of data communication."], "answer": {"text": "The law also created a system for evaluating teachers and principals", "answer_start": 196}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Walker first go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Walker signed a law to fund evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544768882afc4f32937739d72ab91bac_1_q#3", "question": "How were they evaluated?", "rewrite": "How were teachers and principals evaluated?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Vice-principal In larger school systems, a head teacher principal is often assisted by someone known as a vice-principal, deputy principal, or assistant/associate principal. Unlike the principal, the vice-principal does not have quite the decision-making authority that the principal carries. Although they still carry nearly the same authority among students, vice-principals do not have the same power on the board. Experience as an assistant principal is often a prerequisite for advancement to a principalship. Assistant principals aid the principal in the overall administration of the school. Some assistant principals hold this position for several years to prepare for advancement to principal jobs; others are career assistant principals. They are primarily responsible for scheduling student classes, ordering textbooks and supplies, and coordinating transportation, custodial, cafeteria, and other support services. They usually handle student discipline and attendance problems, social and recreational programs, and health and safety matters. They also may counsel students on personal, educational, or vocational matters. With the advent of site-based management, assistant principals are playing a greater role in ensuring the academic success of students by helping to develop new curricula, evaluating teachers, and dealing with school-community relations\u2014responsibilities previously assumed solely by the principal. The number of assistant principals that a school employs may vary, depending on the number of students. Most schools require elementary, middle, and high school principals to have a master\u2019s degree in education administration or leadership. Most principals also have experience as teachers. Master's degrees in educational administration are offered at a number of universities around the United States including the University of North Texas, Ball State University, Drexel University, Ashland University, Northeastern University, and the University of Scranton.", "Clear directives build awareness of expectations, and provide the principal with criteria to audit; similarly, some incentives, such as variable pay or bonus-malus systems, can help align the agent's interests with the principal's interest. Monitoring the agent also helps, but can come at high costs. Altogether, these governance mechanisms can help make the agent more accountable to the principal. The simple principal-agent model involves only one agent, one principal, and one task, and is a simplification of reality. In organizations, relationships typically involve multiple actors, and in particular, multiple principals. The director of a firm acts on behalf of all shareholders, typically not on behalf of one. Once multiple principals are introduced, governance gets substantially harder, and so the principal-agent problem gets more serious. The multiple principal problem occurs specifically when one agent acts on behalf of multiple principals. The principal-agent problem here is intensified: not only is there still asymmetric information between the principals and agent that can bring moral hazard, but there is also asymmetric information between the principals themselves that can lead to moral hazard between the principals. In particular, since principals' interests often diverge, they face incentives to advance their individual interests instead of the joint interests by all principals, in addition to the moral hazard problem that is still faced by the agent. As a result, introducing governance to align the interests of the principals with those of the agent is much more difficult. The multiple principal problem can surface in many ways. First, individual principals may lobby or bribe the agent to advance their interests in lieu of those of the other principals. Second, individual principals may free-ride in the steering or monotoring of the agent, leading to insufficient governance. Third, and alternatively principals may duplicate steering and monitoring that other agents have already pursued, leading to much higher costs of governance than necessary, again discouraging governance.", "School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to a decline in property tax revenues during and after the Great Recession. Although these terms can vary slightly between various states and regions, these are typical definitions for school district constitution: These terms may not appear in a district's name, even though the condition may apply. There are various approaches when making decisions in assigning teachers. The decision in assigning teachers can occur with the collaboration of human resource staff or decisions from the collaboration with principals and teachers. Although the decisions for teacher assignment can vary base on school districts, there are two most popular approaches that are currently occurring in assigning teachers. The first popular approach is assigning students to teachers based on sharing the same characteristics as their students. For instance, principals assign teachers to students based on academic performance, teachers\u2019 personalities, teachers teaching styles, and teachers\u2019 classroom management skills. During this assignment practices, there are some collaboration with teachers and principals. The second most popular approach is that teachers can be assigned based on their ability to improve students\u2019 standardized test scores. This is identified as \u201cstaffing to the test\u201d in which principals observe the influence teachers have on students\u2019 standardized test scores and then strategically move teachers to certain subjects or grades where standardized test are given. Even though two approaches are used to assign teachers to students, there are some obstacles that principals encounter when making teacher assignment decisions. For instance, one conflict is parents demand that their child be assigned to a specific teacher. The second conflict is that principals need to take into consideration policies, such as tenure or collective bargaining, which can influence teacher assignment practices. Due to these challenges, many have suggested that principals should collaborate with teacher unions in order to address these conflicts. Outside the United States, autonomous districts or equivalent authorities often represent various groups seeking education autonomy.", "In American schools, it is often his or her duty to handle matters such as student discipline, parent conference meetings, asset inventory and ordering, school improvement planning, bus and lunch supervision, and teacher observations. Additionally, assistant principals frequently serve as testing coordinators, training staff on procedures related to standardized assessment, as well as accounting for testing materials. In addition to these duties, assistant principals are instructional leaders. Most importantly however, in the event that something happens to the principal, such as an extended leave of absence, the assistant principal would act as the interim principal. Because of this, many see this position as a stepping-stone to the larger role of principal and is often used as such. In most schools, the vice principal forgoes all teaching duties in order to address broader educational issues. In the United Kingdom, most secondary schools have Assistant Principals (or traditionally known as Assistant Head Teachers), with the Vice-Principals (or traditionally known as Deputy Head Teachers) managing them. Their duties vary from school to school; however, usually Assistant Principals and Vice-Principals support school initiatives in maintaining standards, behavior, Key Stages 3\u20135, teaching and exam timetabling, inclusion, the curriculum and student learning, and overall accountability in the school. They can also carry out performance appraisals and teacher observations. Furthermore, principals/head teachers/headmasters/headmistresses are beginning to have more autonomy on how they will structure their school's senior leadership team and what each member's role will be. These additional roles that are found in English secondary schools can lead to senior leadership/administrative teams to be as large as 8\u201312 people, depending on the school's size and its demographics (e.g., Head Teacher, 2\u20134 Deputy Head Teachers, 3\u20138 Assistant Head Teachers).", "In research with Eileen Horng and Daniel Klasik, Loeb finds that the time used by school principals on organization management activities improves school and student outcomes, whereas day-to-day instruction activities tend to have no effect on student performance and deteriorate teachers' and parents' school assessments. More specifically, she finds in a study with Jason Grissom and Benjamin Master, that if principals use their instructional time to coach teachers, evaluate performance and develop their schools' educational programmes, their instructional time tends to predict student achievement gains, whereas time spent on informal classroom walkthroughs has the opposite effect. Moreover, only principals' organization management skills are found to consistently predict student achievement growth and other measures of school success. In other research with Demetra Kalogrides and Tara B\u00e9teille, Loeb observes that principal turnover generally decreases school performance by reducing teacher retention and depressing student achievement gains, with the effect being particularly pronounced in high-poverty or low-achieving schools as well as in schools with inexperienced teachers. Furthermore, principals with less experience as well as with less and lower-quality education tend to sort to schools serving many low-income, non-White, and low-achieving students, as high-quality principals tend to transfer away faster from such schools. Taking the perspective of schools, Loeb, Kalogrides and B\u00e9teille find that more effective schools succeed in attracting and hiring more effective teachers from other schools, assign inexperienced teachers more equitably over grades, and are better at retaining high-quality teachers. Two topics that Loeb has researched with Valerie Lee are the fading effects of the Head Start Programme and the impact of school sizes."], "answer": {"text": "based in part on the performance of their students.", "answer_start": 265}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Walker first go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Walker signed a law to fund evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next with the law?", "answer": {"text": "The law also created a system for evaluating teachers and principals", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544768882afc4f32937739d72ab91bac_1_q#4", "question": "How did the law help?", "rewrite": "How did the Scott Walker law help?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Scott: Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series  Scott : Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series is the fourth studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker. It was released in June 1969 and reached number seven on the UK Albums Chart. No singles were released from the album, though some editions include Walker's top-twenty single; \"Lights of Cincinnati\". The album does not include original compositions by Walker and consists of performances of ballads and big band standards. The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued. The album is an accompaniment to his BBC TV series \"Scott\". It features studio re-recordings of a selection of music performed on the show and does not feature any original live recordings from the TV show. The continued unavailability of \"Scott: Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series\" is believed to be due to Walker's dissatisfaction with the album and his albums from the early 1970s, which he describes in the documentary \"\" as his \"wilderness years\". Walker has blocked CD re-releases of the TV Series album, \"The Moviegoer\" (1972) and \"Any Day Now\" (1973). In spite of the album's deletion, around half of the songs were released in recent years on the budget \"The Collection\" compilation and \"Classics & Collectibles\" (2005). \"I Have Dreamed,\" \"Country Girl,\" \"When the World Was Young,\" \"Someone to Light Up My Life,\" \"The Impossible Dream,\" \" If She Walked Into My Life,\" \"Who (Will Take My Place)\" and \"Lost in the Stars\" are included on \"Classics & Collectibles\", while \"The Look of Love\" is included on \"The Collection\". \"", "Fire Escape in the Sky: The Godlike Genius of Scott Walker  Fire Escape in the Sky: The Godlike Genius of Scott Walker is a compilation album of material by singer Scott Walker, compiled by musician Julian Cope and released by independent Zoo Records (catalogue no. Zoo Two) in 1981. The material on the album was drawn from Walker's orchestral pop solo albums released between 1967\u201370, and focuses on songs that the singer had written himself. After Walker's popularity declined in the 1970s and his albums became out-of-print, Cope conceived the album to rescue Walker from obscurity and present his material to a new audience. Whereas he had previously appealed to middle-of-the-road fans, the compilation was created to help promote Walker to a post-punk audience. The album's title, \"Fire Escape in the Sky\", is taken from the lyrics of the song \"Big Louise\" from Walker's album \"Scott 3\", while according to Cope in the \"30 Century Man\" documentary, the album's plain, neutral grey sleeve was designed to allow people to enjoy Walker's music without feeling they were buying into \"some dodgy '60s MOR icon\". The compilation reached number 14 in the UK Independent Chart and helped find Walker a new audience, and ultimately contributed to a reappraisal of the singer's material. Walker, who had retired in 1978, resurfaced with new material in 1984. After achieving commercial success as a member of pop group The Walker Brothers in the 1960s, Walker continued to be successful in the United Kingdom when launching his solo career in the late 1960s, which was defined by the singer's unusual blend of morose, idiosyncratic lyrics and orchestrated arrangements which helped fit the singer into MOR audiences.", "Scott Walker discography Scott Walker is the stage name of the American singer-songwriter Noel Scott Engel (1943\u20132019), former lead singer with The Walker Brothers. He lived in the United Kingdom from the 1960s until his death. His earliest material was released under his own name in the late 1950s. His most successful period in his career was between the years 1965 and 1970 where in he released three albums with The Walker Brothers, before going on to record a number of popular albums as a solo artist. Walker's career faltered critically and commercially in the 1970s where he became stuck in a cycle of releasing lacklustre albums of MOR covers. In the mid-1970s Walker reformed The Walker Brothers with mixed results. Their final album together; \"Nite Flights\" (1978) was a sonic breakthrough for Walker. His next three albums \u2013 each released eleven years apart \u2013 developed and expanded his new direction. \"For a detailed listing of Scott Walker's albums and singles with The Walker Brothers, see: The Walker Brothers discography.\" All non-UK singles list the country of release in brackets. B-sides vary in some territories. Prior to forming The Walker Brothers, Scott Walker recorded a series of songs under various names, most commonly as Scott Engel. Many of these recordings were later compiled and re-released credited to Scott Walker. Walker also collaborated with John Stewart in a series of short-lived groups, such as The Moongooners, Newporters and Chosen Few. All singles credited to Scott Engel; except where indicated.", "Nucleus basalis The nucleus basalis, also known as the nucleus basalis of Meynert or nucleus basalis magnocellularis, is a group of neurons located mainly in the substantia innominata of the basal forebrain. Most neurons of the nucleus basalis are rich in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and they have widespread projections to the neocortex and other brain structures. The nucleus basalis in humans is a somewhat diffuse collection of large cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. The main body of the nucleus basalis lies inferior to the anterior commissure and the globus pallidus, and lateral to the anterior hypothalamus in an area known as the substantia innominata. Rostrally, the nucleus basalis is continuous with the cholinergic neurons of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. The nucleus basalis is thought to consist of several subdivisions based on the location of the cells and their projections to other brain regions. Occasional neurons belonging to the nucleus basalis can be found in nearby locations such as the internal laminae of the globus pallidus and the genu of the internal capsule. The widespread connections of the nucleus basalis with other parts of the brain indicate that it is likely to have an important modulatory influence on brain function. Studies of the firing patterns of nucleus basalis neurons in nonhuman primates indicate that the cells are associated with arousing stimuli, both positive (appetitive) and negative (aversive). There is also evidence that the nucleus basalis promotes sustained attention. Cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis have been hypothesized to modulate the ratio of reality and virtual reality components of visual perception. Experimental evidence has shown that normal visual perception has two components.", "The company\u2019s most traveled train line has a \u201cstate-of-good-repair backlog\u201d of 11,100 major projects and 4,800 basic infrastructure repairs. In addition, the New York Times reported that the crash could have been prevented with the installation of a safety system known as Positive Train Control. The Association of American Railroads says that it would require an additional $5 billion to complete the installations throughout the country by the end of this year. Instead of considering a strong investment in our nation\u2019s rail system - which would not only benefit millions of Americans but also contribute countless millions in the form of new economic development and employment opportunities - Republicans have slashed Amtrak\u2019s funding every year. In 2015 Gov. and GOP presidential candidate Scott Walker slashed the budget for Wisconsin\u2019s public education system by $250 million, the deepest in the history of Wisconsin\u2019s higher education, leaving 41,000 without student aid. Scott Walker\u2019s suggestion to people who want to escape poverty is to \u201clearn more and earn more\u201d. His suggestion for those who follow that advice and are now drowning in student loans is\u2026 \"hold your breath.\u201d With the help of One Wisconsin Now, Think Progress, StudentDebtCrisis.org, and Wisconsin Jobs Now, the \u201cHold Your Breath\u201d ad had been widely distributed to highlight the national conversation on the issue of student debt, both to highlight the detrimental policies of Republicans and embolden Democrats to act more aggressively to address this issue. After the Koch brothers invested nearly $1 billion in Scott Walker and his presidential campaign, the Agenda Project cut an ad to expose Scott Walker as a Koch brother puppet. The ad claimed that Scott Walker, the puppet president, is a serious threat to our democracy. Puppet4President is an effort to bring attention to this."], "answer": {"text": "It specified that student performance metrics must be based on objective measures,", "answer_start": 317}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Walker first go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Walker signed a law to fund evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next with the law?", "answer": {"text": "The law also created a system for evaluating teachers and principals", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were they evaluated?", "answer": {"text": "based in part on the performance of their students.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_544768882afc4f32937739d72ab91bac_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Scott Walker are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["5 Easy Pieces (Scott Walker box set) 5 Easy Pieces is a box set anthology of the career (to date) of Scott Walker. It was released in November 2003. The set comprises five themed CDs and a 56-page booklet. All tracks written by Scott Walker, unless otherwise noted. (NB: Walker is sometimes credited as Scott Engel or N. S. Engel; these instances are noted as such in the listing.) All tracks performed by Scott Walker, except \u2020 by The Walker Brothers, \u2021 by Ute Lemper, and 2.16 by Esther Ofarim . \"The complete bedsit dramas, including the kitchen sink\" \"Songs of a Lady, Love and Loss\" \"Home and away: songs from Europe and America\" \"The darkest hour is just before dawn: 15 big hits\" \"Music from and for films\"", "Scott: Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series  Scott : Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series is the fourth studio album by the American solo artist Scott Walker. It was released in June 1969 and reached number seven on the UK Albums Chart. No singles were released from the album, though some editions include Walker's top-twenty single; \"Lights of Cincinnati\". The album does not include original compositions by Walker and consists of performances of ballads and big band standards. The album has since been deleted and has not been reissued. The album is an accompaniment to his BBC TV series \"Scott\". It features studio re-recordings of a selection of music performed on the show and does not feature any original live recordings from the TV show. The continued unavailability of \"Scott: Scott Walker Sings Songs from his T.V. Series\" is believed to be due to Walker's dissatisfaction with the album and his albums from the early 1970s, which he describes in the documentary \"\" as his \"wilderness years\". Walker has blocked CD re-releases of the TV Series album, \"The Moviegoer\" (1972) and \"Any Day Now\" (1973). In spite of the album's deletion, around half of the songs were released in recent years on the budget \"The Collection\" compilation and \"Classics & Collectibles\" (2005). \"I Have Dreamed,\" \"Country Girl,\" \"When the World Was Young,\" \"Someone to Light Up My Life,\" \"The Impossible Dream,\" \" If She Walked Into My Life,\" \"Who (Will Take My Place)\" and \"Lost in the Stars\" are included on \"Classics & Collectibles\", while \"The Look of Love\" is included on \"The Collection\". \"", "Nucleus basalis The nucleus basalis, also known as the nucleus basalis of Meynert or nucleus basalis magnocellularis, is a group of neurons located mainly in the substantia innominata of the basal forebrain. Most neurons of the nucleus basalis are rich in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and they have widespread projections to the neocortex and other brain structures. The nucleus basalis in humans is a somewhat diffuse collection of large cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. The main body of the nucleus basalis lies inferior to the anterior commissure and the globus pallidus, and lateral to the anterior hypothalamus in an area known as the substantia innominata. Rostrally, the nucleus basalis is continuous with the cholinergic neurons of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. The nucleus basalis is thought to consist of several subdivisions based on the location of the cells and their projections to other brain regions. Occasional neurons belonging to the nucleus basalis can be found in nearby locations such as the internal laminae of the globus pallidus and the genu of the internal capsule. The widespread connections of the nucleus basalis with other parts of the brain indicate that it is likely to have an important modulatory influence on brain function. Studies of the firing patterns of nucleus basalis neurons in nonhuman primates indicate that the cells are associated with arousing stimuli, both positive (appetitive) and negative (aversive). There is also evidence that the nucleus basalis promotes sustained attention. Cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis have been hypothesized to modulate the ratio of reality and virtual reality components of visual perception. Experimental evidence has shown that normal visual perception has two components.", "The company\u2019s most traveled train line has a \u201cstate-of-good-repair backlog\u201d of 11,100 major projects and 4,800 basic infrastructure repairs. In addition, the New York Times reported that the crash could have been prevented with the installation of a safety system known as Positive Train Control. The Association of American Railroads says that it would require an additional $5 billion to complete the installations throughout the country by the end of this year. Instead of considering a strong investment in our nation\u2019s rail system - which would not only benefit millions of Americans but also contribute countless millions in the form of new economic development and employment opportunities - Republicans have slashed Amtrak\u2019s funding every year. In 2015 Gov. and GOP presidential candidate Scott Walker slashed the budget for Wisconsin\u2019s public education system by $250 million, the deepest in the history of Wisconsin\u2019s higher education, leaving 41,000 without student aid. Scott Walker\u2019s suggestion to people who want to escape poverty is to \u201clearn more and earn more\u201d. His suggestion for those who follow that advice and are now drowning in student loans is\u2026 \"hold your breath.\u201d With the help of One Wisconsin Now, Think Progress, StudentDebtCrisis.org, and Wisconsin Jobs Now, the \u201cHold Your Breath\u201d ad had been widely distributed to highlight the national conversation on the issue of student debt, both to highlight the detrimental policies of Republicans and embolden Democrats to act more aggressively to address this issue. After the Koch brothers invested nearly $1 billion in Scott Walker and his presidential campaign, the Agenda Project cut an ad to expose Scott Walker as a Koch brother puppet. The ad claimed that Scott Walker, the puppet president, is a serious threat to our democracy. Puppet4President is an effort to bring attention to this.", "Scott Walker discography Scott Walker is the stage name of the American singer-songwriter Noel Scott Engel (1943\u20132019), former lead singer with The Walker Brothers. He lived in the United Kingdom from the 1960s until his death. His earliest material was released under his own name in the late 1950s. His most successful period in his career was between the years 1965 and 1970 where in he released three albums with The Walker Brothers, before going on to record a number of popular albums as a solo artist. Walker's career faltered critically and commercially in the 1970s where he became stuck in a cycle of releasing lacklustre albums of MOR covers. In the mid-1970s Walker reformed The Walker Brothers with mixed results. Their final album together; \"Nite Flights\" (1978) was a sonic breakthrough for Walker. His next three albums \u2013 each released eleven years apart \u2013 developed and expanded his new direction. \"For a detailed listing of Scott Walker's albums and singles with The Walker Brothers, see: The Walker Brothers discography.\" All non-UK singles list the country of release in brackets. B-sides vary in some territories. Prior to forming The Walker Brothers, Scott Walker recorded a series of songs under various names, most commonly as Scott Engel. Many of these recordings were later compiled and re-released credited to Scott Walker. Walker also collaborated with John Stewart in a series of short-lived groups, such as The Moongooners, Newporters and Chosen Few. All singles credited to Scott Engel; except where indicated."], "answer": {"text": "Walker approved a two-year freeze of tuition at the University of Wisconsin System in the 2013 budget.", "answer_start": 451}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Walker first go to school?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What can you tell me about his education?", "answer": {"text": "Walker signed a law to fund evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners", "answer_start": 18, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next with the law?", "answer": {"text": "The law also created a system for evaluating teachers and principals", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How were they evaluated?", "answer": {"text": "based in part on the performance of their students.", "answer_start": 265, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did the law help?", "answer": {"text": "It specified that student performance metrics must be based on objective measures,", "answer_start": 317, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_836f2e94b1764518a7a9ed090f6eeb48_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Gregg Allman tour?", "rewrite": "Where did Gregg Allman tour?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Gregg Allman Tour The Gregg Allman Tour is the first live album by Gregg Allman, released in 1974. It was recorded at Carnegie Hall and Capitol Theatre. It peaked at number 50 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts in 1974. It was originally released as a double LP. For this concert, Allman was backed by the band Cowboy, who played two of their own songs. Cowboy was a Capricorn Records label-mate and was Duane Allman's favorite band. Several of its members had already backed Gregg Allman on his debut album the previous year. \"The Gregg Allman Tour\" was re-mastered and re-released on CD in 2001 by Polydor. At the beginning of the album, Gregg Allman is introduced by Martin Mull.", "Leggett writes that the band's lineup was ever-changing during this time, besides \"Talton and Boyer, both of whom became de facto members of the Capricorn house band, playing with the Allman Brothers, Gregg Allman, Alex Taylor, and Bonnie Bramlett.\" Their debut album, \"Reach for the Sky\", was released in 1971, and their second, \"5'll Getcha Ten\", followed later that year. The latter album featured \"Please Be with Me\", which featured Allman on dobro. Eric Clapton later covered the song for his album \"461 Ocean Boulevard\" (1974). By 1972, much of the original Cowboy lineup departed. \"People just started moving in different directions. I don't remember there being any animosity about it,\" Talton recalled in 2014. He and Boyer continued on as Cowboy, supporting Gregg Allman on his first solo effort \"Laid Back\" in 1973, and accompanying him as his backing band on its ensuing tour, which was captured on the 1974 live album \"The Gregg Allman Tour\". The band's third album, \"Boyer & Talton\", saw release the same year. Their final, self-titled record was released in 1977. Leggett also notes that \"the 1976 album \"Happy to Be Alive\", attributed to the trio of Tommy Talton, Bill Stewart, and Johnny Sandlin, might be considered a Cowboy album in all but name.\" Boyer and Talton continued to work together sporadically over the years. They reformed Cowboy thirty years after their dissolution in 2007. This iteration recorded at least an album's worth of music with Sandlin at his studio, Duck Tape Studio, in Decatur, Alabama. When asked about the album in an interview some years later, Boyer told AL.com that \"the project fell to the wayside.", "band the Second Coming, whom he had met the previous July at an Hour Glass performance at Jacksonville's Comic Book Club, Allman and Johanson bolted Muscle Shoals for Florida, where Allman began sitting in with Oakley's band. Impressed with Second Coming guitarist Dickey Betts' playing, Allman decided to add him to his fledgling line-up as well. With the addition of a second drummer, former 31 February drummer Butch Trucks, and brother Gregg on vocals and organ, who would at this point abandon his solo career in Los Angeles, the new line-up became the Allman Brothers Band. October 1967: \"Nothing But Tears\" / \"Heartbeat\" < br> - from \"Hour Glass\" (1967) <br> March 1968: \"Power of Love\" / \"I Still Want Your Love\" <br> - from \"Power of Love\" (1968) <br> June 1968: \"D-I-V-O-R-C-E\" / \"Changing of the Guard\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) <br > - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" ( 1968)<br> September 1968: \"She Is My Woman\" / \"Going Nowhere\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br> - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968)<br> October 1968: \" Now Is the Time\" / \"She Is My Woman\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br > - Side \"A\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968), Side \"B\" previously released on 45 in September 1968 < br>", "The approximate geographic coordinates of the statue are 32\u00b050'55.55\"N, 83\u00b038'2.21\"W.(Both Duane Allman himself and Berry Oakley would be buried there by the end of 1972). However, as with Dicky Betts' 1970 instrumental \"In Memory of Elizabeth Reed\", the song seems to have been named for one person, while actually being \"about\" someone else. Little Martha was envisioned by Allman as an ode to his then-girlfriend Dixie Meadows. He had given her the pet name of \"Martha\" because of the vintage clothing she sometime wore - Duane saying \"you look like Martha Washington.\" After Allman's death, Meadows sued unsuccessfully for control of his estate. Both Gregg Allman and Dicky Betts have included \"Little Martha\" on live albums. It appears in a wildly different electric version as the opening track to Dicky Betts' 2004 limited-release live album, \"Instant Live At The Odeon\". On Allman's 1974 effort, \"The Gregg Allman Tour\", the studio version can be heard faintly on the PA system after the closing track, \"Will The Circle Be Unbroken\". It was also interwoven into bassist Oteil Burbridge's bass solos during certain live shows in the late 1990s by The Allman Brothers Band. Pickin' On The Allman Brothers: A Bluegrass Tribute contains a 3:40 min version of \"Little Martha\" Little Martha is in the key of E Major, and the guitars are tuned in an Open E Tuning (E-A-E-G#-B-E). The song has occasionally been recorded by other instrumentalists in the decades since its original release, including notable versions by guitarists Leo Kottke, and dobro virtuoso Jerry Douglas.", "Gregg Allman discography The following is the discography of Gregg Allman, an American singer-songwriter and musician, also including releases from the Gregg Allman Band. Allman released his debut studio album, \"Laid Back\", in 1973; it charted at number 13 on \"Billboard\" Top Pop Albums chart and went gold. His subsequent solo releases, including the live album \"The Gregg Allman Tour\" (1974), \"Playin' Up a Storm\" (1977), and the collaboration \"Two the Hard Way\" (1977) with Cher, did not fare well on charts or in sales. In 1987, he was signed to Epic Records, and his third solo album, \"I'm No Angel\", went gold on the strength of its title track. His next two solo albums, \"Just Before the Bullets Fly\" (1988) and \"Searching for Simplicity\" (1997), did not perform well. His final studio album released during his lifetime, \"Low Country Blues\" (2011), represented his biggest chart positions, including at number five in the US. A posthumous studio album, \"Southern Blood\", was released on September 8, 2017. In 2009, Raven Records in Australia released the compilation \"One More Silver Dollar: The Solo Years 1973-1997\", sampling his first six solo records, plus a duet with Bonnie Bramlett, \"Two Steps From the Blues\" from her 1976 solo album, \"Lady's Choice\"."], "answer": {"text": "The band continued to tour throughout the 2000s, remaining a top touring act, regularly attracting more than 20,000 fans.", "answer_start": 456}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_836f2e94b1764518a7a9ed090f6eeb48_1_q#1", "question": "Who did they tour with?", "rewrite": "Who did the Gregg Allman's band tour with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The Gregg Allman Tour The Gregg Allman Tour is the first live album by Gregg Allman, released in 1974. It was recorded at Carnegie Hall and Capitol Theatre. It peaked at number 50 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts in 1974. It was originally released as a double LP. For this concert, Allman was backed by the band Cowboy, who played two of their own songs. Cowboy was a Capricorn Records label-mate and was Duane Allman's favorite band. Several of its members had already backed Gregg Allman on his debut album the previous year. \"The Gregg Allman Tour\" was re-mastered and re-released on CD in 2001 by Polydor. At the beginning of the album, Gregg Allman is introduced by Martin Mull.", "Devon Allman Devon Allman (born August 10, 1972) is an American guitarist, vocalist, keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer. He is the son of musician Gregg Allman and has appeared occasionally as a guest musician for Gregg Allman and The Allman Brothers Band. In addition, he is the now ex-stepson of musician Cher. Allman was the founder and bandleader of Honeytribe, also known as Devon Allman's Honeytribe, with whom he released two albums and toured across North America and Europe. Prior to Honeytribe, Allman contributed to several other musical recordings, notably Vargas Blues Band and the \"A Song for My Father\" compilation album. He was one of the original members of Royal Southern Brotherhood and contributed to their first two studio albums and toured with them. In 2013, Allman launched his solo career as the Devon Allman Band, and has since released three albums. His latest tour, branded as the Devon Allman Project, features special guest Duane Betts. Allman is the son of Gregg Allman (of The Allman Brothers Band) and Shelley Kay Jefts. His parents divorced when he was an infant, and he grew up in Corpus Christi, Texas, as well as Tennessee and St. Louis, Missouri, raised by his mother. Allman began playing music as a teen, but was not influenced by his father. He did not meet his father until he was in his teens, but they then bonded instantly. For several years in the 1990s he performed around the growing St. Louis blues and rock music scene, while also managing a suburban Guitar Center store where he met his future Royal Southern Brotherhood bandmate, Mike Zito.", "List of the Allman Brothers Band members The Allman Brothers Band was an American blues rock band from Macon, Georgia. Formed in March 1969 by brothers Duane (guitar) and Gregg Allman (organ, vocals), the group originally also included guitarist and vocalist Dickey Betts, bassist Berry Oakley, and drummers Butch Trucks and Jai Johanny \"Jaimoe\" Johanson. The band went through multiple personnel changes and broke up twice before disbanding permanently in 2014, when the lineup included founding members Gregg Allman, Trucks and Johanson, plus guitarist and vocalist Warren Haynes, percussionist Marc Qui\u00f1ones, bassist Oteil Burbridge and guitarist Derek Trucks. The Allman Brothers Band was founded in March 1969 by Duane and Gregg Allman with Dickey Betts, Berry Oakley, Butch Trucks and Jai Johanny \"Jaimoe\" Johanson. Just two years after forming, however, Duane Allman died in a motorcycle crash in Macon on October 29, 1971. The guitarist was not replaced, although Chuck Leavell was added as a second keyboardist in 1972 after the band performed as a five-piece. On November 11, 1972, the group lost a second member when Oakley died in a motorcycle accident similar to Allman's. He was replaced by Lamar Williams, a childhood friend of Johanson's. In May 1976, the group disbanded after Allman testified in the trial of road manager John \"Scooter\" Herring, who was accused of drug dealing, with the rest of the band publicly condemning his decision to do so. Two years later, in August 1978, the solo bands of Betts and Allman combined for a performance in New York City, sparking rumors of an Allman Brothers Band reformation.", "The Band, Levon Helm) and Hammond B-3 player Bruce Katz (Gregg Allman Band, John Hammond, Delbert McClinton) to form a blues/soul/rock'n'roll power trio called CKS and played several shows in the New York City and Hudson Valley areas. Scott Sharrard has played lead guitar and sang in the Gregg Allman Band since 2008 after auditioning by sitting in with the Allman Brothers Band at a show in Camden, New Jersey. Two of Scott's original songs have been performed by the Gregg Allman Band, \"Endless Road\" and \"Love Like Kerosene\". With Gregg Allman, in 2017 Sharrard co-wrote the song \"My Only True Friend\", the first track of Allman's last and posthumously issued studio album \"Southern Blood\". It was also issued as a single. Sharrard wrote the song in the voice of Gregg's late brother, Duane Allman, as if speaking to him.", "band the Second Coming, whom he had met the previous July at an Hour Glass performance at Jacksonville's Comic Book Club, Allman and Johanson bolted Muscle Shoals for Florida, where Allman began sitting in with Oakley's band. Impressed with Second Coming guitarist Dickey Betts' playing, Allman decided to add him to his fledgling line-up as well. With the addition of a second drummer, former 31 February drummer Butch Trucks, and brother Gregg on vocals and organ, who would at this point abandon his solo career in Los Angeles, the new line-up became the Allman Brothers Band. October 1967: \"Nothing But Tears\" / \"Heartbeat\" < br> - from \"Hour Glass\" (1967) <br> March 1968: \"Power of Love\" / \"I Still Want Your Love\" <br> - from \"Power of Love\" (1968) <br> June 1968: \"D-I-V-O-R-C-E\" / \"Changing of the Guard\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) <br > - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" ( 1968)<br> September 1968: \"She Is My Woman\" / \"Going Nowhere\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br> - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968)<br> October 1968: \" Now Is the Time\" / \"She Is My Woman\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br > - Side \"A\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968), Side \"B\" previously released on 45 in September 1968 < br>"], "answer": {"text": "In 2014, the Allman Brothers Band performed their final concerts, as Haynes and Derek Trucks desired to depart the group.", "answer_start": 741}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Gregg Allman tour?", "answer": {"text": "The band continued to tour throughout the 2000s, remaining a top touring act, regularly attracting more than 20,000 fans.", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_836f2e94b1764518a7a9ed090f6eeb48_1_q#2", "question": "Did they record any albums?", "rewrite": "Did the Gregg Allman's band record any albums?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["List of the Allman Brothers Band members The Allman Brothers Band was an American blues rock band from Macon, Georgia. Formed in March 1969 by brothers Duane (guitar) and Gregg Allman (organ, vocals), the group originally also included guitarist and vocalist Dickey Betts, bassist Berry Oakley, and drummers Butch Trucks and Jai Johanny \"Jaimoe\" Johanson. The band went through multiple personnel changes and broke up twice before disbanding permanently in 2014, when the lineup included founding members Gregg Allman, Trucks and Johanson, plus guitarist and vocalist Warren Haynes, percussionist Marc Qui\u00f1ones, bassist Oteil Burbridge and guitarist Derek Trucks. The Allman Brothers Band was founded in March 1969 by Duane and Gregg Allman with Dickey Betts, Berry Oakley, Butch Trucks and Jai Johanny \"Jaimoe\" Johanson. Just two years after forming, however, Duane Allman died in a motorcycle crash in Macon on October 29, 1971. The guitarist was not replaced, although Chuck Leavell was added as a second keyboardist in 1972 after the band performed as a five-piece. On November 11, 1972, the group lost a second member when Oakley died in a motorcycle accident similar to Allman's. He was replaced by Lamar Williams, a childhood friend of Johanson's. In May 1976, the group disbanded after Allman testified in the trial of road manager John \"Scooter\" Herring, who was accused of drug dealing, with the rest of the band publicly condemning his decision to do so. Two years later, in August 1978, the solo bands of Betts and Allman combined for a performance in New York City, sparking rumors of an Allman Brothers Band reformation.", "band the Second Coming, whom he had met the previous July at an Hour Glass performance at Jacksonville's Comic Book Club, Allman and Johanson bolted Muscle Shoals for Florida, where Allman began sitting in with Oakley's band. Impressed with Second Coming guitarist Dickey Betts' playing, Allman decided to add him to his fledgling line-up as well. With the addition of a second drummer, former 31 February drummer Butch Trucks, and brother Gregg on vocals and organ, who would at this point abandon his solo career in Los Angeles, the new line-up became the Allman Brothers Band. October 1967: \"Nothing But Tears\" / \"Heartbeat\" < br> - from \"Hour Glass\" (1967) <br> March 1968: \"Power of Love\" / \"I Still Want Your Love\" <br> - from \"Power of Love\" (1968) <br> June 1968: \"D-I-V-O-R-C-E\" / \"Changing of the Guard\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) <br > - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" ( 1968)<br> September 1968: \"She Is My Woman\" / \"Going Nowhere\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br> - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968)<br> October 1968: \" Now Is the Time\" / \"She Is My Woman\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br > - Side \"A\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968), Side \"B\" previously released on 45 in September 1968 < br>", "Devon Allman Devon Allman (born August 10, 1972) is an American guitarist, vocalist, keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer. He is the son of musician Gregg Allman and has appeared occasionally as a guest musician for Gregg Allman and The Allman Brothers Band. In addition, he is the now ex-stepson of musician Cher. Allman was the founder and bandleader of Honeytribe, also known as Devon Allman's Honeytribe, with whom he released two albums and toured across North America and Europe. Prior to Honeytribe, Allman contributed to several other musical recordings, notably Vargas Blues Band and the \"A Song for My Father\" compilation album. He was one of the original members of Royal Southern Brotherhood and contributed to their first two studio albums and toured with them. In 2013, Allman launched his solo career as the Devon Allman Band, and has since released three albums. His latest tour, branded as the Devon Allman Project, features special guest Duane Betts. Allman is the son of Gregg Allman (of The Allman Brothers Band) and Shelley Kay Jefts. His parents divorced when he was an infant, and he grew up in Corpus Christi, Texas, as well as Tennessee and St. Louis, Missouri, raised by his mother. Allman began playing music as a teen, but was not influenced by his father. He did not meet his father until he was in his teens, but they then bonded instantly. For several years in the 1990s he performed around the growing St. Louis blues and rock music scene, while also managing a suburban Guitar Center store where he met his future Royal Southern Brotherhood bandmate, Mike Zito.", "The Band, Levon Helm) and Hammond B-3 player Bruce Katz (Gregg Allman Band, John Hammond, Delbert McClinton) to form a blues/soul/rock'n'roll power trio called CKS and played several shows in the New York City and Hudson Valley areas. Scott Sharrard has played lead guitar and sang in the Gregg Allman Band since 2008 after auditioning by sitting in with the Allman Brothers Band at a show in Camden, New Jersey. Two of Scott's original songs have been performed by the Gregg Allman Band, \"Endless Road\" and \"Love Like Kerosene\". With Gregg Allman, in 2017 Sharrard co-wrote the song \"My Only True Friend\", the first track of Allman's last and posthumously issued studio album \"Southern Blood\". It was also issued as a single. Sharrard wrote the song in the voice of Gregg's late brother, Duane Allman, as if speaking to him.", "The Gregg Allman Tour The Gregg Allman Tour is the first live album by Gregg Allman, released in 1974. It was recorded at Carnegie Hall and Capitol Theatre. It peaked at number 50 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts in 1974. It was originally released as a double LP. For this concert, Allman was backed by the band Cowboy, who played two of their own songs. Cowboy was a Capricorn Records label-mate and was Duane Allman's favorite band. Several of its members had already backed Gregg Allman on his debut album the previous year. \"The Gregg Allman Tour\" was re-mastered and re-released on CD in 2001 by Polydor. At the beginning of the album, Gregg Allman is introduced by Martin Mull."], "answer": {"text": "band released their final studio album, Hittin' the Note (2003),", "answer_start": 235}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Gregg Allman tour?", "answer": {"text": "The band continued to tour throughout the 2000s, remaining a top touring act, regularly attracting more than 20,000 fans.", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they tour with?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, the Allman Brothers Band performed their final concerts, as Haynes and Derek Trucks desired to depart the group.", "answer_start": 741, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_836f2e94b1764518a7a9ed090f6eeb48_1_q#3", "question": "What kind of health problems did he have?", "rewrite": "What kind of health problems did Gregg Allman have?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Devon Allman Devon Allman (born August 10, 1972) is an American guitarist, vocalist, keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer. He is the son of musician Gregg Allman and has appeared occasionally as a guest musician for Gregg Allman and The Allman Brothers Band. In addition, he is the now ex-stepson of musician Cher. Allman was the founder and bandleader of Honeytribe, also known as Devon Allman's Honeytribe, with whom he released two albums and toured across North America and Europe. Prior to Honeytribe, Allman contributed to several other musical recordings, notably Vargas Blues Band and the \"A Song for My Father\" compilation album. He was one of the original members of Royal Southern Brotherhood and contributed to their first two studio albums and toured with them. In 2013, Allman launched his solo career as the Devon Allman Band, and has since released three albums. His latest tour, branded as the Devon Allman Project, features special guest Duane Betts. Allman is the son of Gregg Allman (of The Allman Brothers Band) and Shelley Kay Jefts. His parents divorced when he was an infant, and he grew up in Corpus Christi, Texas, as well as Tennessee and St. Louis, Missouri, raised by his mother. Allman began playing music as a teen, but was not influenced by his father. He did not meet his father until he was in his teens, but they then bonded instantly. For several years in the 1990s he performed around the growing St. Louis blues and rock music scene, while also managing a suburban Guitar Center store where he met his future Royal Southern Brotherhood bandmate, Mike Zito.", "The Band, Levon Helm) and Hammond B-3 player Bruce Katz (Gregg Allman Band, John Hammond, Delbert McClinton) to form a blues/soul/rock'n'roll power trio called CKS and played several shows in the New York City and Hudson Valley areas. Scott Sharrard has played lead guitar and sang in the Gregg Allman Band since 2008 after auditioning by sitting in with the Allman Brothers Band at a show in Camden, New Jersey. Two of Scott's original songs have been performed by the Gregg Allman Band, \"Endless Road\" and \"Love Like Kerosene\". With Gregg Allman, in 2017 Sharrard co-wrote the song \"My Only True Friend\", the first track of Allman's last and posthumously issued studio album \"Southern Blood\". It was also issued as a single. Sharrard wrote the song in the voice of Gregg's late brother, Duane Allman, as if speaking to him.", "The Gregg Allman Tour The Gregg Allman Tour is the first live album by Gregg Allman, released in 1974. It was recorded at Carnegie Hall and Capitol Theatre. It peaked at number 50 on the Billboard Pop Albums charts in 1974. It was originally released as a double LP. For this concert, Allman was backed by the band Cowboy, who played two of their own songs. Cowboy was a Capricorn Records label-mate and was Duane Allman's favorite band. Several of its members had already backed Gregg Allman on his debut album the previous year. \"The Gregg Allman Tour\" was re-mastered and re-released on CD in 2001 by Polydor. At the beginning of the album, Gregg Allman is introduced by Martin Mull.", "band the Second Coming, whom he had met the previous July at an Hour Glass performance at Jacksonville's Comic Book Club, Allman and Johanson bolted Muscle Shoals for Florida, where Allman began sitting in with Oakley's band. Impressed with Second Coming guitarist Dickey Betts' playing, Allman decided to add him to his fledgling line-up as well. With the addition of a second drummer, former 31 February drummer Butch Trucks, and brother Gregg on vocals and organ, who would at this point abandon his solo career in Los Angeles, the new line-up became the Allman Brothers Band. October 1967: \"Nothing But Tears\" / \"Heartbeat\" < br> - from \"Hour Glass\" (1967) <br> March 1968: \"Power of Love\" / \"I Still Want Your Love\" <br> - from \"Power of Love\" (1968) <br> June 1968: \"D-I-V-O-R-C-E\" / \"Changing of the Guard\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) <br > - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" ( 1968)<br> September 1968: \"She Is My Woman\" / \"Going Nowhere\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br> - Side \"A\" new recording by Gregg Allman and session musicians, Side \"B\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968)<br> October 1968: \" Now Is the Time\" / \"She Is My Woman\" (as Gregg Allman and the Hour Glass) < br > - Side \"A\" from \"Power of Love\" (1968), Side \"B\" previously released on 45 in September 1968 < br>", "My Only True Friend My Only True Friend is the first track on \"Southern Blood\", the final studio album by American singer-songwriter Gregg Allman, released posthumously on September 8, 2017 by Rounder Records. The song is the album's only original song and was co-written by Gregg Allman with guitarist and bandleader Scott Sharrard, forming the album's lead single. The song has the theme of time running out at the end of life. Gregg Allman was ill at the time and died on May 27, 2017, not long after the recording. Allman repeats the lyric \" \"I hope you're haunted by the music of my soul, when I'm gone\"\" throughout the song. Allman's co-writer Scott Sharrard secretly wrote the song in the voice of Gregg's late brother, Duane Allman, speaking to him. The rest of the album consists of cover songs. A video featuring Gregg Allman and other musicians is associated with the song. The song has been called \"hauntingly beautiful\"."], "answer": {"text": "He was diagnosed with hepatitis C in 2007,", "answer_start": 936}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Gregg Allman tour?", "answer": {"text": "The band continued to tour throughout the 2000s, remaining a top touring act, regularly attracting more than 20,000 fans.", "answer_start": 456, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did they tour with?", "answer": {"text": "In 2014, the Allman Brothers Band performed their final concerts, as Haynes and Derek Trucks desired to depart the group.", "answer_start": 741, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they record any albums?", "answer": {"text": "band released their final studio album, Hittin' the Note (2003),", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#0", "question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "rewrite": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Instead of taking Stan to a hospital, Roger drives him on a cross-country trip to Area 51 in Nevada. There, Roger finds his \"fanny pack\", which contains a salve that regrows Stan's legs, albeit into baby-size for the first few hours, which puts Stan in a life debt again. Security guards and a scientist appear, aware that Roger is an alien despite his disguise. Escaping from them and their explosives, Stan grabs Roger and goes through a laundry chute and onto the back of a truck, evening the debt, much to Roger's dismay. After their leave, Stan finally admits to Roger that he did not remember the life debt until Hayley brought it up and that he spent time with Andy Dick only because his character resembles Roger's. He wants Roger to come back home, which Roger is delighted to do. As the two drive away (after tricking Andy Dick to chase after a bottle of drugs), Roger and Stan worry that Andy Dick is coming after them, only to be relieved when he sees Andy rob a roadside pharmacy. Meanwhile, Principal Lewis appoints Steve to a position as a public announcer at Pearl Bailey High School, after Steve tricks the previous announcer into shouting into the microphone whatever he says goes on in the school, claiming people always forget the microphone is still on. Steve himself develops such a God complex (or as Principal Lewis calls it, \"getting drunk on the mike\"), prompting his concerned friends to use the same microphone trick on him. Snot takes over the announcer position and abuses its power as well, and Barry swears directly into the microphone, leading to Lewis to kick the entire group out of his office.", "The Andy Dick Show The Andy Dick Show is an American sketch comedy series that aired on MTV from February 2001 to May 2002. The series was created by and starred comedian Andy Dick. Every episode of the series was written and directed by Dick. Generally, he would appear as different character in several mockumentary sketches, with that character appearing as a talking head narrating events shown in Cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 and b-roll. His most recognizable and frequent character was Daphne Aguilera, a rude, whorish pop star clearly modeled after the exploits and vices of Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears and other pop icons. Daphne, according to \"herself\", is Christina Aguilera's cousin; in \"her\" words, \"my mother's is her mother's cousin's friend... or they live on the same block. So, [Christina and I are] basically cousins\". The Daphne character was heavily promoted by the real MTV in the weeks leading up to the premiere of \"The Andy Dick Show\". The show's first episode featured the mock-single \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\", a take on Britney Spears' single \"Oops!... I Did It Again.\" Daphne would later appear in other segments, appearing on MTV's \"Cribs\" and a parody of \"The View\". Daphne even managed to perform \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\" at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards, but cancelled her own performance in the beginning angry and then tried to attack Christina Aguilera, who was laughing all the time (obviously it was all a joke). After \"The Andy Dick Show\"'s cancellation, Daphne made two appearances on \"MADtv\". Several sketches featured Dick as Tom Green. This led to a guest appearance by Green in which each actor played the other.", "The Assistant (TV series) The Assistant is a reality television show that parodied other reality shows such as \"The Apprentice\", \"The Bachelor\", \"The Bachelorette\", \"Survivor\", \"American Idol\", and \"Fear Factor\". Its eight episodes originally aired on MTV. It featured comedian Andy Dick's search for a new personal assistant. The beginning of the first episode parodied \"The Bachelor\", with the twelve contestants arriving in limousines, and Dick waiting outside to greet them with his maid and butler. A \"rose ceremony\" immediately followed, and one contestant was eliminated. Dick assigned the Hollywood hopefuls to some absurd tasks such as pretending to be him in an interview with a Japanese television station, bringing him coffee by traversing on a beam over a swimming pool, breaking up with his girlfriend, and attempting to get him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Contestants were usually \"clipped\" in elimination ceremonies parodying those on other reality series. Like some other programs, \"The Assistant\" also included double elimination episodes and brought back fired candidates. Driving home Dick's message that they were starting from the bottom, candidates slept in Dick's garage. He also woke them with a flashing, siren-generating alarm, was prone to tantrums, and griped that, \"This reality show is ruining my life!\" Andy Dick actually had a relationship with one of the contestants on the show. Andy and Sarah Beckworth dated for a while after the show's end. The end of the relationship led to a breach of contract lawsuit with MTV which prohibited relationships with the contestants. Though the show was satire, the twelve contestants were real and the winner, Melissa Ordway, was awarded several prizes including a job at MTV. The runner-up was Mark, who had been fired, but was brought back in the seventh episode.", "The next day, Stan stresses about his suit being torn as a result, among Roger's other annoying mishaps. He questions why he even saved Roger's life last night, leading Hayley to bring up the matter of a \"life debt\". She retells the story \u2014 first described in \"Roger Codger\" \u2014 of how Roger saved Stan's life in Area 51 years ago. Since then, Stan owed Roger a life debt, which is why Roger lives with the Smiths, until now when Klaus says Stan has repaid the debt, leading Stan to disown Roger. Saddened, Roger moves out of the household and into an apartment, at least until Francine stops by and suggests he try to convince Stan to accept him again. Roger agrees and moves back in, only to find out Stan has replaced him with Andy Dick (who, like Roger, is described as a \"fey, pansexual, alcoholic non-human\"). Francine later goes to see Roger inside a men's locker room at a YMCA (as the YMCA stopped renting out rooms to the homeless 30 years ago) and suggests he remind Stan how they were once friends. At a zoo, Stan insists on bringing Andy Dick with him, much to Roger's chagrin. Roger wishes Stan still owed him the life debt, so he pushes him into a pool with a polar bear, figuring out that, when saving him from being attacked by it, he would create a new life debt for him and therefore able to live in the house again. Andy Dick jumps into the pool to save Stan, but Roger stops Andy Dick from doing so, leading to a slapfight between the two, while the polar bear continues to attack Stan until it amputates his legs.", "Who's the Caboose? Who's the Caboose? is a 1997 comedy film co-written and directed by Sam Seder and starring himself and Sarah Silverman in their film debut. The supporting cast includes comedians David Cross, Andy Dick, Laura Silverman, Laura Kightlinger, Chuck Sklar, H. Jon Benjamin, Andy Kindler, Mark Cohen, Kathy Griffin, Leo Allen, Marc Maron and Todd Barry, most of whom had not appeared in a theatrical movie prior to this one. The screenplay by Sam Seder and Charles Fisher depicts a romantically involved couple (Silverman and Seder) who travel separately from Manhattan to Los Angeles to attempt to secure a television series role during \"pilot season,\" a set period of months when producers cast new shows. The New York City sequence at the beginning of the film features footage shot at the Luna Lounge in the Lower East Side, which has since been razed. The film was followed by a television miniseries sequel entitled \"Pilot Season\", again written by Sam Seder and Charles Fisher, directed by Seder, and starring Sarah Silverman as Susan Underman, which was broadcast over six episodes in 2004 on the now-defunct Trio cable network. Sarah Silverman ... Susan Underman< br> Sam Seder ... Max<br> Eric Slovin ... Congratulator #1<br> Leo Allen ... Congratulator #2<br > Beth Tapper ... Susan's Friend< br> Alison Solomon ... Susan's Friend #2<br> Todd Barry ... Foosball Player< br> Marc Maron ... Comedian<br> Ross Brockley ... Social Dilettante<br> Andy Dick ... Jason Reemer <br> Laura Silverman ..."], "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#1", "question": "did that film do well?", "rewrite": "Did the film adaptation of Double Dragon do well?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Double Dragon The franchise is now the property of Arc System Works, the company that had ported the original \"Double Dragon\" to the Sega Master System console in 1988. The first game, \"Double Dragon\", was released in the arcades in 1987. A Nintendo Entertainment System version produced by Techn\u014ds was released in 1988, followed by a Game Boy version in 1990. Various licensed versions were also produced by other developers for gaming platforms such as the Master System, Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Genesis, Atari Lynx and for home computers. Two \"Double Dragon\" sequels were released for the arcade: \"\" in 1988 and \"\" in 1990. Like the original, Techn\u014ds produced versions for the NES (\"\" in 1989 and \"\" in 1991 respectively). A fourth game was released exclusively for the Super NES in 1992, titled \"Super Double Dragon\". It was the last game produced by the original team at Techn\u014ds. The Game Gear game \"Double Dragon\" is not a port of the original arcade game, but is instead an entirely new entry in the series that has gameplay elements that are more similar to \"Streets of Rage\". In 1994, Tradewest released \"\" for the Super NES and Genesis in North America and Europe, a competitive fighting game developed by Leland Interactive based on the \"Double Dragon\" animated TV series by Bohbot Entertainment. A Jaguar version was released by Telegames as well. Another fighting game was produced by Techn\u014ds, simply titled \"Double Dragon\", was released for the Neo-Geo arcade and home console in 1995. A Neo-Geo CD version was also released, as well as a PlayStation version by Urban Plant. It was the last \"Double Dragon\" game produced by Techn\u014ds before the company went out of business.", "Abobo is played by Nils Allen Stewart in the 1994 live-action film adaptation of \"Double Dragon\", while Henry Kingi plays the mutated Abobo during the later part of the film  Also known as Victor Guisman, he is the main villain from the movie, who seeks to possess both halves of the Double Dragon medallion. He appears as the final boss in the 1995 \"Double Dragon\" fighting game based on the film. Shuko is played by Robert Patrick in the 1994 live-action film adaptation of \"Double Dragon\" This videogame is based on the 1994 \"Double Dragon\" movie, it introduced 6 original characters. A Japanese master of the fictional Ryuganinpoh style of ninjutsu. In search of his missing family, he believes Shuko might know their whereabouts. A street brawler from Italy who is looking to take down Shuko. In the manual his name is spelled Dalton. A tonfa-wielding martial artist from the Netherlands. She was once romantically involved with a man named Eric, who turned out to be a spy for Shuko, and now seeks to get revenge. A kickboxer from Venezuela who trains Shuko's henchmen. A Chinese master of the Drunken Fist (AKA Zui Quan) from Hong Kong. Shuko's bodyguard from San Francisco and the last opponent before fighting Shuko himself. A master of Moukohisouken, a fictional art of assassination. Duke shares his name with the final boss from \"Super Double Dragon\". The main antagonist from the game , he is the leader from the Shadow Warriors gang who orders the capture of Marian. He also appears in River City Girls (2019).", "Super Double Dragon\" was the first game to have the Lee brothers sport different hairstyles during gameplay, with Billy being given a laid down hairstyle and Jimmy a spiky flat top, a design convention adopted by later games such as \"Double Dragon Advance\" and the smartphone versions, although some of the promotional art and in-game visuals for the earlier games (such as the ending photograph of \"\" and the story sequences/character portraits of \"\") had already depicted the Lee brothers with differing hairstyles. Other games, such as the Neo-Geo competitive fighting game and \"Double Dragon Neon\", depict the Lee brothers as identical twins like in the first arcade game. The two brothers are shown to be romantically interested in a young woman named Marian, a student in their dojo. The arcade version of the first game (along with most console versions) can end with both brothers fighting each other over Marian if two players reach the end together, with the survivor ultimately winning Marian's affections. The Famicom/NES version, which establishes Marian to be Billy's long-term girlfriend, changes the story so that Jimmy was actually the leader of the Black Warriors (a change made as a result of the lack of two-player cooperative play in that version) and was the one who orchestrated Marian's kidnapping. In the 1994 live-action film adaptation of \"Double Dragon\" movie, Billy Lee is played by Scott Wolf, and Jimmy Lee by Mark Dacascos. Marian is played by Alyssa Milano in the 1994 live-action film adaptation of \"Double Dragon\" He is an enemy easily encountered in Double Dragon. He appears as a Boss in River City Girls.", "Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls  Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls is a fighting game developed by Leland Interactive Media and published by Tradewest for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis in 1994. It was later released for the Atari Jaguar by Telegames the following year. It's an American-produced sequel to the \"Double Dragon\" series by Techn\u014ds Japan, who had little to no credited involvement in the development of the game outside of licensing the IP to the publisher outside Japan. Unlike previous games in the series, which were side-scrolling beat 'em ups, \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" is a head-to-head fighting game based on the \"Double Dragon\" animated series in the style of Capcom's 1991 arcade-hit \"Street Fighter II\", though Techn\u014ds would eventually produce their own fighting game based on the 1994 live-action \"Double Dragon\" film the following year simply titled \"Double Dragon\" for the Neo Geo. \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" received mixed reception since it was released for the SNES and Genesis. Critics felt it was a respectable clone of \"Street Fighter II\" and gave positive comments in regards to the graphics and the sprite quality. However, the Jaguar version received negative reception from reviewers, who felt that the port did not improved upon the graphics and audio from the 16-bit versions and was also criticized for its controls layout. \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" is a fighting game that follows the 8-way directional pad/stick and 6-button layout common to most fighting games at the time (including \"Street Fighter II\"), consisting of weak, medium and strong punches and kicks.", "In 2003, a remake of the original \"Double Dragon\", titled \"Double Dragon Advance\", was produced by Atlus and Million (the copyrights holder of the \"Double Dragon\" series at the time) for the Game Boy Advance. In 2009, was released a remake for the Zeebo, developed by Brizo Interactive and published by Tectoy. In 2011, another remake was released for the iPhone, developed by Brizo Interactive and published by Aksys Games. On April 4, 2012, WayForward Technologies announced that they would be developing \"Double Dragon Neon\", a self-parody of the series. The game was released September 11, 2012 for PlayStation Network, one day later for Xbox Live, and was released for PC in the first quarter of 2014. On April 5, 2013, \"Double Dragon II: Wander of the Dragons\", a 3D remake of the original \"Double Dragon II\", was released on the Xbox Live Arcade by game developer Gravity. A compilation of the three arcade titles, titled \"Double Dragon Trilogy\", was released by DotEmu in 2013 for iOS, Android, GOG, and Steam platforms. A new title in the series, titled \"Double Dragon IV\" (not to be confused with \"Super Double Dragon\"), was released on January 30, 2017 for the PlayStation 4 and PC respectively and September 7, 2017 for the Nintendo Switch. It takes place shortly after \"Double Dragon II: The Revenge\" and uses an 8-bit artstyle, similar to the NES ports of the earlier entries of the series. The title is developed by Arc System Works and former Technos staff such as producer Takaomi Kaneko, director Yoshihisa Kishimoto, character designer Koji Ogata, composer Kazunaka Yamane, and programmer Kei Oyama."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#2", "question": "what other films was he in?", "rewrite": "What other films was Andy Dick in along with the Double Dragon adaptation?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Battletoads /Double Dragon Battletoads/Double Dragon (also Battletoads & Double Dragon - The Ultimate Team) is a 1993 beat 'em up developed by Rare and published by Tradewest. It was originally released for the Nintendo Entertainment System and later ported to the Mega Drive/Genesis, Super NES, and Game Boy. \"The Ultimate Team\" is a crossover of both Technos Japan's \"Double Dragon\" and Rare's own \"Battletoads\" game franchises, although Technos had little or no credited involvement in the production of the game outside of the \"Double Dragon\" license. The game features the characters from the \"Double Dragon\" series, Billy and Jimmy Lee, two young martial arts experts; also included are the three humanoid toad protagonists from the \"Battletoads\" game. It is also the first \"Battletoads\" game to feature all three toads as playable characters. The game's engine and design are directly based upon the \"Battletoads\" series. The player has a choice of five playable characters: Billy and Jimmy Lee from \"Double Dragon\", and Zitz, Pimple and Rash from \"Battletoads\". The player must then proceed through seven stages, kicking and punching each enemy that comes onscreen. A boss is included at the end of each stage, challenging the player before they can progress to a higher level of the game. With two players, the continues are overlapping: whenever one player continues, then both players have to start at the beginning of the level (this is the opposite of games like \"Contra\", where a strong player can tow a weak player along to advanced levels; in \"Battletoads Double Dragon\", a weak player will hold a strong player back).", "Double Dragon also produced \"2 is Better\", which lent an R&B feel to the album. \"The Faith\" went on to win a Stellar Award for Best Gospel Hip-Hop album of 2006. Still focused on projects in Korea Double Dragon began work with Yang Dong-geun (YDG) in 2006. YDG is an accomplished A-List actor, starring in major Korean motion pictures and many Korean TV dramas. Double Dragon produced 4 songs for his 3rd album. \" W.I.D.G.Y\", \"Run\", \"When I Was a Teenager\", and \"Neighborhood\". Coming off the success of his movie career the album was well received. At the same time Double Dragon was producing a song for Korean R&B crooner Bobby Kim. The Double Dragon song \" \"For the Moment\"\" was produced for a popular Korean TV series called \"Breaks\" also featured in the show's soundtrack. 2007 gave way to a new project for Double Dragon with Korean Pop/Hip-Hip/R&B artist Yun Mi Rae (Tasha Reid, or T) formerly of Tashannie. Her long-awaited album came only after a drawn out battle with her former record label. Double Dragon produced song \"Pay Day\" was a standout Hip-Hop anthem, that Korean audiences responded to immediately. Now based in New York City, Double Dragon is setting up to work with more US major label artists. 2007 will continue to showcase Double Dragon's work with artists such as Swollen Members, YDG and Drunken Tiger.", "In 2003, a remake of the original \"Double Dragon\", titled \"Double Dragon Advance\", was produced by Atlus and Million (the copyrights holder of the \"Double Dragon\" series at the time) for the Game Boy Advance. In 2009, was released a remake for the Zeebo, developed by Brizo Interactive and published by Tectoy. In 2011, another remake was released for the iPhone, developed by Brizo Interactive and published by Aksys Games. On April 4, 2012, WayForward Technologies announced that they would be developing \"Double Dragon Neon\", a self-parody of the series. The game was released September 11, 2012 for PlayStation Network, one day later for Xbox Live, and was released for PC in the first quarter of 2014. On April 5, 2013, \"Double Dragon II: Wander of the Dragons\", a 3D remake of the original \"Double Dragon II\", was released on the Xbox Live Arcade by game developer Gravity. A compilation of the three arcade titles, titled \"Double Dragon Trilogy\", was released by DotEmu in 2013 for iOS, Android, GOG, and Steam platforms. A new title in the series, titled \"Double Dragon IV\" (not to be confused with \"Super Double Dragon\"), was released on January 30, 2017 for the PlayStation 4 and PC respectively and September 7, 2017 for the Nintendo Switch. It takes place shortly after \"Double Dragon II: The Revenge\" and uses an 8-bit artstyle, similar to the NES ports of the earlier entries of the series. The title is developed by Arc System Works and former Technos staff such as producer Takaomi Kaneko, director Yoshihisa Kishimoto, character designer Koji Ogata, composer Kazunaka Yamane, and programmer Kei Oyama.", "Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls  Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls is a fighting game developed by Leland Interactive Media and published by Tradewest for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis in 1994. It was later released for the Atari Jaguar by Telegames the following year. It's an American-produced sequel to the \"Double Dragon\" series by Techn\u014ds Japan, who had little to no credited involvement in the development of the game outside of licensing the IP to the publisher outside Japan. Unlike previous games in the series, which were side-scrolling beat 'em ups, \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" is a head-to-head fighting game based on the \"Double Dragon\" animated series in the style of Capcom's 1991 arcade-hit \"Street Fighter II\", though Techn\u014ds would eventually produce their own fighting game based on the 1994 live-action \"Double Dragon\" film the following year simply titled \"Double Dragon\" for the Neo Geo. \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" received mixed reception since it was released for the SNES and Genesis. Critics felt it was a respectable clone of \"Street Fighter II\" and gave positive comments in regards to the graphics and the sprite quality. However, the Jaguar version received negative reception from reviewers, who felt that the port did not improved upon the graphics and audio from the 16-bit versions and was also criticized for its controls layout. \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" is a fighting game that follows the 8-way directional pad/stick and 6-button layout common to most fighting games at the time (including \"Street Fighter II\"), consisting of weak, medium and strong punches and kicks.", "Double Dragon The franchise is now the property of Arc System Works, the company that had ported the original \"Double Dragon\" to the Sega Master System console in 1988. The first game, \"Double Dragon\", was released in the arcades in 1987. A Nintendo Entertainment System version produced by Techn\u014ds was released in 1988, followed by a Game Boy version in 1990. Various licensed versions were also produced by other developers for gaming platforms such as the Master System, Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Genesis, Atari Lynx and for home computers. Two \"Double Dragon\" sequels were released for the arcade: \"\" in 1988 and \"\" in 1990. Like the original, Techn\u014ds produced versions for the NES (\"\" in 1989 and \"\" in 1991 respectively). A fourth game was released exclusively for the Super NES in 1992, titled \"Super Double Dragon\". It was the last game produced by the original team at Techn\u014ds. The Game Gear game \"Double Dragon\" is not a port of the original arcade game, but is instead an entirely new entry in the series that has gameplay elements that are more similar to \"Streets of Rage\". In 1994, Tradewest released \"\" for the Super NES and Genesis in North America and Europe, a competitive fighting game developed by Leland Interactive based on the \"Double Dragon\" animated TV series by Bohbot Entertainment. A Jaguar version was released by Telegames as well. Another fighting game was produced by Techn\u014ds, simply titled \"Double Dragon\", was released for the Neo-Geo arcade and home console in 1995. A Neo-Geo CD version was also released, as well as a PlayStation version by Urban Plant. It was the last \"Double Dragon\" game produced by Techn\u014ds before the company went out of business."], "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Dick played himself in the mockumentary The Making of... And God Spoke.", "answer_start": 115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did that film do well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#3", "question": "what was his biggest role?", "rewrite": "What was Andy Dick's biggest role?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The next day, Stan stresses about his suit being torn as a result, among Roger's other annoying mishaps. He questions why he even saved Roger's life last night, leading Hayley to bring up the matter of a \"life debt\". She retells the story \u2014 first described in \"Roger Codger\" \u2014 of how Roger saved Stan's life in Area 51 years ago. Since then, Stan owed Roger a life debt, which is why Roger lives with the Smiths, until now when Klaus says Stan has repaid the debt, leading Stan to disown Roger. Saddened, Roger moves out of the household and into an apartment, at least until Francine stops by and suggests he try to convince Stan to accept him again. Roger agrees and moves back in, only to find out Stan has replaced him with Andy Dick (who, like Roger, is described as a \"fey, pansexual, alcoholic non-human\"). Francine later goes to see Roger inside a men's locker room at a YMCA (as the YMCA stopped renting out rooms to the homeless 30 years ago) and suggests he remind Stan how they were once friends. At a zoo, Stan insists on bringing Andy Dick with him, much to Roger's chagrin. Roger wishes Stan still owed him the life debt, so he pushes him into a pool with a polar bear, figuring out that, when saving him from being attacked by it, he would create a new life debt for him and therefore able to live in the house again. Andy Dick jumps into the pool to save Stan, but Roger stops Andy Dick from doing so, leading to a slapfight between the two, while the polar bear continues to attack Stan until it amputates his legs.", "The Assistant (TV series) The Assistant is a reality television show that parodied other reality shows such as \"The Apprentice\", \"The Bachelor\", \"The Bachelorette\", \"Survivor\", \"American Idol\", and \"Fear Factor\". Its eight episodes originally aired on MTV. It featured comedian Andy Dick's search for a new personal assistant. The beginning of the first episode parodied \"The Bachelor\", with the twelve contestants arriving in limousines, and Dick waiting outside to greet them with his maid and butler. A \"rose ceremony\" immediately followed, and one contestant was eliminated. Dick assigned the Hollywood hopefuls to some absurd tasks such as pretending to be him in an interview with a Japanese television station, bringing him coffee by traversing on a beam over a swimming pool, breaking up with his girlfriend, and attempting to get him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Contestants were usually \"clipped\" in elimination ceremonies parodying those on other reality series. Like some other programs, \"The Assistant\" also included double elimination episodes and brought back fired candidates. Driving home Dick's message that they were starting from the bottom, candidates slept in Dick's garage. He also woke them with a flashing, siren-generating alarm, was prone to tantrums, and griped that, \"This reality show is ruining my life!\" Andy Dick actually had a relationship with one of the contestants on the show. Andy and Sarah Beckworth dated for a while after the show's end. The end of the relationship led to a breach of contract lawsuit with MTV which prohibited relationships with the contestants. Though the show was satire, the twelve contestants were real and the winner, Melissa Ordway, was awarded several prizes including a job at MTV. The runner-up was Mark, who had been fired, but was brought back in the seventh episode.", "He had been a friend of the Edwards brothers since childhood and Cory's short film \"Wobots\" had been produced through his animation studio Live Bait Productions. Cory's wife Vicki was given the role of a skunk reporter, and while some consideration was initially given to having an adult play the child woodpecker Quill, the role was instead given to producer David K. Lovegren's daughter Kathryn. The Edwards brothers, Leech, and producer Preston Stutzman all took on roles as well. Cory took on the role of Twitchy, and Pro Tools was used to speed up the recording of his dialogue by 50 percent. Todd played Sandwich Man, Leech played both Det. Bill Stork and Glen, and Stutzman played Timmy. As the producers gained greater confidence in the film however, larger name actors were brought in. Patrick Warburton was the first celebrity actor to join the film and did so purely out of a love for the script. Though Cory Edwards had originally envisioned the Wolf as sounding like a mixture between a young Chevy Chase and Bill Murray, he praised Warburton's performance, saying that he \"made the Wolf his own character.\" Andy Dick also joined the cast early on, to voice Boingo. He used improvisation and approached the role differently from how it had been written, interpreting the character as victimized and unstable. The filmmakers were enthusiastic over Dick's angle on the character, and Todd Edwards said, \"What we had written was kind of stock, to be honest, but Andy Dick, well, where he was supposed to laugh, he'd be crying. Where he was supposed to yell, he'd be laughing. He just mixed it up!\" Prolific voice performers Tara Strong, David Ogden Stiers, and Tom Kenny were cast in multiple roles.", "The Andy Dick Show The Andy Dick Show is an American sketch comedy series that aired on MTV from February 2001 to May 2002. The series was created by and starred comedian Andy Dick. Every episode of the series was written and directed by Dick. Generally, he would appear as different character in several mockumentary sketches, with that character appearing as a talking head narrating events shown in Cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 and b-roll. His most recognizable and frequent character was Daphne Aguilera, a rude, whorish pop star clearly modeled after the exploits and vices of Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears and other pop icons. Daphne, according to \"herself\", is Christina Aguilera's cousin; in \"her\" words, \"my mother's is her mother's cousin's friend... or they live on the same block. So, [Christina and I are] basically cousins\". The Daphne character was heavily promoted by the real MTV in the weeks leading up to the premiere of \"The Andy Dick Show\". The show's first episode featured the mock-single \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\", a take on Britney Spears' single \"Oops!... I Did It Again.\" Daphne would later appear in other segments, appearing on MTV's \"Cribs\" and a parody of \"The View\". Daphne even managed to perform \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\" at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards, but cancelled her own performance in the beginning angry and then tried to attack Christina Aguilera, who was laughing all the time (obviously it was all a joke). After \"The Andy Dick Show\"'s cancellation, Daphne made two appearances on \"MADtv\". Several sketches featured Dick as Tom Green. This led to a guest appearance by Green in which each actor played the other.", "Instead of taking Stan to a hospital, Roger drives him on a cross-country trip to Area 51 in Nevada. There, Roger finds his \"fanny pack\", which contains a salve that regrows Stan's legs, albeit into baby-size for the first few hours, which puts Stan in a life debt again. Security guards and a scientist appear, aware that Roger is an alien despite his disguise. Escaping from them and their explosives, Stan grabs Roger and goes through a laundry chute and onto the back of a truck, evening the debt, much to Roger's dismay. After their leave, Stan finally admits to Roger that he did not remember the life debt until Hayley brought it up and that he spent time with Andy Dick only because his character resembles Roger's. He wants Roger to come back home, which Roger is delighted to do. As the two drive away (after tricking Andy Dick to chase after a bottle of drugs), Roger and Stan worry that Andy Dick is coming after them, only to be relieved when he sees Andy rob a roadside pharmacy. Meanwhile, Principal Lewis appoints Steve to a position as a public announcer at Pearl Bailey High School, after Steve tricks the previous announcer into shouting into the microphone whatever he says goes on in the school, claiming people always forget the microphone is still on. Steve himself develops such a God complex (or as Principal Lewis calls it, \"getting drunk on the mike\"), prompting his concerned friends to use the same microphone trick on him. Snot takes over the announcer position and abuses its power as well, and Barry swears directly into the microphone, leading to Lewis to kick the entire group out of his office."], "answer": {"text": "He also starred alongside MTV comedian Pauly Shore in the 1994 war comedy film In the Army Now.", "answer_start": 196}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did that film do well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films was he in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Dick played himself in the mockumentary The Making of... And God Spoke.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#4", "question": "what was he most known for?", "rewrite": "What was Andy Dick most known for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Los Angeles, panelists have included Carlos Alazraqui, Alison Arngrim, E.G. Daily, Andy Dick, Paul Goebel, Danny Goldman, Annabelle Gurwitch, Mariette Hartley, Elaine Hendrix, Marty Ingels, Cathy Ladman, David L. Lander, Kate Linder, Ann Magnuson, Jayne Meadows, Lee Meriwether, Patt Morrison, Rick Overton, Jimmy Pardo, Lisa Jane Persky, Nancy Pimental, Greg Proops, Mink Stole, Nicole Sullivan, Marcia Wallace, Matt Walsh, Len Wein, Wil Wheaton, Gary Anthony Williams, Debra Wilson, April Winchell, and Andy Zax. Mystery guests have included Ed Begley, Jr., Stephen Bishop, Mr. Blackwell, LeVar Burton, Brett Butler, Jos\u00e9 Canseco, Drew Carey, Andy Dick, Michael and Kitty Dukakis, Hector Elizondo, Nanette Fabray, Peter Falk, Bruce Jenner, Larry King, Kathy Kinney, Bruno Kirby, Tara Lipinski, Lisa Loeb, Shelley Long, Leonard Maltin, Rose Marie, Wink Martindale, Sally Struthers, Rip Taylor, Judy Tenuta, Alan Thicke, Dick Van Patten, Lindsay Wagner, Wil Wheaton, Noah Wyle, and Sean Young. Panelists and guests who appeared on the original TV versions and on the stage version include Shelley Berman, Lee Meriwether, radio commentator Michael Jackson, Jayne Meadows, Nanette Fabray, Joanna Barnes, Julie Newmar, Margaret O'Brien, and Marty Ingels. Usually when such a veteran appears, there is a pristine-quality DVD screening of the original kinescope on a plasma screen.", "The Andy Dick Show The Andy Dick Show is an American sketch comedy series that aired on MTV from February 2001 to May 2002. The series was created by and starred comedian Andy Dick. Every episode of the series was written and directed by Dick. Generally, he would appear as different character in several mockumentary sketches, with that character appearing as a talking head narrating events shown in Cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 and b-roll. His most recognizable and frequent character was Daphne Aguilera, a rude, whorish pop star clearly modeled after the exploits and vices of Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears and other pop icons. Daphne, according to \"herself\", is Christina Aguilera's cousin; in \"her\" words, \"my mother's is her mother's cousin's friend... or they live on the same block. So, [Christina and I are] basically cousins\". The Daphne character was heavily promoted by the real MTV in the weeks leading up to the premiere of \"The Andy Dick Show\". The show's first episode featured the mock-single \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\", a take on Britney Spears' single \"Oops!... I Did It Again.\" Daphne would later appear in other segments, appearing on MTV's \"Cribs\" and a parody of \"The View\". Daphne even managed to perform \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\" at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards, but cancelled her own performance in the beginning angry and then tried to attack Christina Aguilera, who was laughing all the time (obviously it was all a joke). After \"The Andy Dick Show\"'s cancellation, Daphne made two appearances on \"MADtv\". Several sketches featured Dick as Tom Green. This led to a guest appearance by Green in which each actor played the other.", "The next day, Stan stresses about his suit being torn as a result, among Roger's other annoying mishaps. He questions why he even saved Roger's life last night, leading Hayley to bring up the matter of a \"life debt\". She retells the story \u2014 first described in \"Roger Codger\" \u2014 of how Roger saved Stan's life in Area 51 years ago. Since then, Stan owed Roger a life debt, which is why Roger lives with the Smiths, until now when Klaus says Stan has repaid the debt, leading Stan to disown Roger. Saddened, Roger moves out of the household and into an apartment, at least until Francine stops by and suggests he try to convince Stan to accept him again. Roger agrees and moves back in, only to find out Stan has replaced him with Andy Dick (who, like Roger, is described as a \"fey, pansexual, alcoholic non-human\"). Francine later goes to see Roger inside a men's locker room at a YMCA (as the YMCA stopped renting out rooms to the homeless 30 years ago) and suggests he remind Stan how they were once friends. At a zoo, Stan insists on bringing Andy Dick with him, much to Roger's chagrin. Roger wishes Stan still owed him the life debt, so he pushes him into a pool with a polar bear, figuring out that, when saving him from being attacked by it, he would create a new life debt for him and therefore able to live in the house again. Andy Dick jumps into the pool to save Stan, but Roger stops Andy Dick from doing so, leading to a slapfight between the two, while the polar bear continues to attack Stan until it amputates his legs.", "Instead of taking Stan to a hospital, Roger drives him on a cross-country trip to Area 51 in Nevada. There, Roger finds his \"fanny pack\", which contains a salve that regrows Stan's legs, albeit into baby-size for the first few hours, which puts Stan in a life debt again. Security guards and a scientist appear, aware that Roger is an alien despite his disguise. Escaping from them and their explosives, Stan grabs Roger and goes through a laundry chute and onto the back of a truck, evening the debt, much to Roger's dismay. After their leave, Stan finally admits to Roger that he did not remember the life debt until Hayley brought it up and that he spent time with Andy Dick only because his character resembles Roger's. He wants Roger to come back home, which Roger is delighted to do. As the two drive away (after tricking Andy Dick to chase after a bottle of drugs), Roger and Stan worry that Andy Dick is coming after them, only to be relieved when he sees Andy rob a roadside pharmacy. Meanwhile, Principal Lewis appoints Steve to a position as a public announcer at Pearl Bailey High School, after Steve tricks the previous announcer into shouting into the microphone whatever he says goes on in the school, claiming people always forget the microphone is still on. Steve himself develops such a God complex (or as Principal Lewis calls it, \"getting drunk on the mike\"), prompting his concerned friends to use the same microphone trick on him. Snot takes over the announcer position and abuses its power as well, and Barry swears directly into the microphone, leading to Lewis to kick the entire group out of his office.", "The Assistant (TV series) The Assistant is a reality television show that parodied other reality shows such as \"The Apprentice\", \"The Bachelor\", \"The Bachelorette\", \"Survivor\", \"American Idol\", and \"Fear Factor\". Its eight episodes originally aired on MTV. It featured comedian Andy Dick's search for a new personal assistant. The beginning of the first episode parodied \"The Bachelor\", with the twelve contestants arriving in limousines, and Dick waiting outside to greet them with his maid and butler. A \"rose ceremony\" immediately followed, and one contestant was eliminated. Dick assigned the Hollywood hopefuls to some absurd tasks such as pretending to be him in an interview with a Japanese television station, bringing him coffee by traversing on a beam over a swimming pool, breaking up with his girlfriend, and attempting to get him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Contestants were usually \"clipped\" in elimination ceremonies parodying those on other reality series. Like some other programs, \"The Assistant\" also included double elimination episodes and brought back fired candidates. Driving home Dick's message that they were starting from the bottom, candidates slept in Dick's garage. He also woke them with a flashing, siren-generating alarm, was prone to tantrums, and griped that, \"This reality show is ruining my life!\" Andy Dick actually had a relationship with one of the contestants on the show. Andy and Sarah Beckworth dated for a while after the show's end. The end of the relationship led to a breach of contract lawsuit with MTV which prohibited relationships with the contestants. Though the show was satire, the twelve contestants were real and the winner, Melissa Ordway, was awarded several prizes including a job at MTV. The runner-up was Mark, who had been fired, but was brought back in the seventh episode."], "answer": {"text": "In 1997, Dick had a supporting role alongside Luke Wilson and Jack Black in Bongwater,", "answer_start": 292}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did that film do well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films was he in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Dick played himself in the mockumentary The Making of... And God Spoke.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest role?", "answer": {"text": "He also starred alongside MTV comedian Pauly Shore in the 1994 war comedy film In the Army Now.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#5", "question": "did he ever have any problems with films?", "rewrite": "Did Andy Dick ever have any problems with films?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Bonde responded that since the teeth differ from those of other dromaeosaurs from the Early Cretaceous (and later members of the group, including \"Dromaeosaurus\"), it should be considered valid. He also said that these scientists had provided incorrect information about the location, strata and age of the specimen, and that the circumstances of its naming were no different from those of other tooth-based taxa. The German palaeontologist Oliver W. M. Rauhut and colleagues cautioned in 2010 that theropod teeth from the Late Jurassic/ Early Cretaceous similar to those of dromaeosaurids may instead have belonged to the small tyrannosauroid \"Proceratosaurus\" or related taxa. Only a corner of the Jydegaard Formation is exposed today; the remainder is overgrown. Jydegaard is part of the Nyker Group, which includes three formations (Rabekke, Robbedale and Jydegaard) ranging from the Berriasian to the Valanginian ages of the Early Cretaceous. Jydegaard consists of sediments deposited in a fresh-to-brackish lagoon facing a coastal strip. In addition to \"Dromaeosauroides\" and a possible titanosaur, remains of hybodont sharks, fish such as \"Lepidotes\" and \"Pleuropholis\", turtles, lizards, the crocodile \"Pholidosaurus\" and thin bone fragments from birds or pterosaurs have been found in the deposit. The bivalve \"Neomiodon\" is found in abundance in the sediments below (the \"Neomiodon\" Bed), indicating mass mortality, perhaps due to dinoflagellate toxins.", "Instead of taking Stan to a hospital, Roger drives him on a cross-country trip to Area 51 in Nevada. There, Roger finds his \"fanny pack\", which contains a salve that regrows Stan's legs, albeit into baby-size for the first few hours, which puts Stan in a life debt again. Security guards and a scientist appear, aware that Roger is an alien despite his disguise. Escaping from them and their explosives, Stan grabs Roger and goes through a laundry chute and onto the back of a truck, evening the debt, much to Roger's dismay. After their leave, Stan finally admits to Roger that he did not remember the life debt until Hayley brought it up and that he spent time with Andy Dick only because his character resembles Roger's. He wants Roger to come back home, which Roger is delighted to do. As the two drive away (after tricking Andy Dick to chase after a bottle of drugs), Roger and Stan worry that Andy Dick is coming after them, only to be relieved when he sees Andy rob a roadside pharmacy. Meanwhile, Principal Lewis appoints Steve to a position as a public announcer at Pearl Bailey High School, after Steve tricks the previous announcer into shouting into the microphone whatever he says goes on in the school, claiming people always forget the microphone is still on. Steve himself develops such a God complex (or as Principal Lewis calls it, \"getting drunk on the mike\"), prompting his concerned friends to use the same microphone trick on him. Snot takes over the announcer position and abuses its power as well, and Barry swears directly into the microphone, leading to Lewis to kick the entire group out of his office.", "The next day, Stan stresses about his suit being torn as a result, among Roger's other annoying mishaps. He questions why he even saved Roger's life last night, leading Hayley to bring up the matter of a \"life debt\". She retells the story \u2014 first described in \"Roger Codger\" \u2014 of how Roger saved Stan's life in Area 51 years ago. Since then, Stan owed Roger a life debt, which is why Roger lives with the Smiths, until now when Klaus says Stan has repaid the debt, leading Stan to disown Roger. Saddened, Roger moves out of the household and into an apartment, at least until Francine stops by and suggests he try to convince Stan to accept him again. Roger agrees and moves back in, only to find out Stan has replaced him with Andy Dick (who, like Roger, is described as a \"fey, pansexual, alcoholic non-human\"). Francine later goes to see Roger inside a men's locker room at a YMCA (as the YMCA stopped renting out rooms to the homeless 30 years ago) and suggests he remind Stan how they were once friends. At a zoo, Stan insists on bringing Andy Dick with him, much to Roger's chagrin. Roger wishes Stan still owed him the life debt, so he pushes him into a pool with a polar bear, figuring out that, when saving him from being attacked by it, he would create a new life debt for him and therefore able to live in the house again. Andy Dick jumps into the pool to save Stan, but Roger stops Andy Dick from doing so, leading to a slapfight between the two, while the polar bear continues to attack Stan until it amputates his legs.", "The Andy Dick Show The Andy Dick Show is an American sketch comedy series that aired on MTV from February 2001 to May 2002. The series was created by and starred comedian Andy Dick. Every episode of the series was written and directed by Dick. Generally, he would appear as different character in several mockumentary sketches, with that character appearing as a talking head narrating events shown in Cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 and b-roll. His most recognizable and frequent character was Daphne Aguilera, a rude, whorish pop star clearly modeled after the exploits and vices of Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears and other pop icons. Daphne, according to \"herself\", is Christina Aguilera's cousin; in \"her\" words, \"my mother's is her mother's cousin's friend... or they live on the same block. So, [Christina and I are] basically cousins\". The Daphne character was heavily promoted by the real MTV in the weeks leading up to the premiere of \"The Andy Dick Show\". The show's first episode featured the mock-single \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\", a take on Britney Spears' single \"Oops!... I Did It Again.\" Daphne would later appear in other segments, appearing on MTV's \"Cribs\" and a parody of \"The View\". Daphne even managed to perform \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\" at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards, but cancelled her own performance in the beginning angry and then tried to attack Christina Aguilera, who was laughing all the time (obviously it was all a joke). After \"The Andy Dick Show\"'s cancellation, Daphne made two appearances on \"MADtv\". Several sketches featured Dick as Tom Green. This led to a guest appearance by Green in which each actor played the other.", "The Assistant (TV series) The Assistant is a reality television show that parodied other reality shows such as \"The Apprentice\", \"The Bachelor\", \"The Bachelorette\", \"Survivor\", \"American Idol\", and \"Fear Factor\". Its eight episodes originally aired on MTV. It featured comedian Andy Dick's search for a new personal assistant. The beginning of the first episode parodied \"The Bachelor\", with the twelve contestants arriving in limousines, and Dick waiting outside to greet them with his maid and butler. A \"rose ceremony\" immediately followed, and one contestant was eliminated. Dick assigned the Hollywood hopefuls to some absurd tasks such as pretending to be him in an interview with a Japanese television station, bringing him coffee by traversing on a beam over a swimming pool, breaking up with his girlfriend, and attempting to get him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Contestants were usually \"clipped\" in elimination ceremonies parodying those on other reality series. Like some other programs, \"The Assistant\" also included double elimination episodes and brought back fired candidates. Driving home Dick's message that they were starting from the bottom, candidates slept in Dick's garage. He also woke them with a flashing, siren-generating alarm, was prone to tantrums, and griped that, \"This reality show is ruining my life!\" Andy Dick actually had a relationship with one of the contestants on the show. Andy and Sarah Beckworth dated for a while after the show's end. The end of the relationship led to a breach of contract lawsuit with MTV which prohibited relationships with the contestants. Though the show was satire, the twelve contestants were real and the winner, Melissa Ordway, was awarded several prizes including a job at MTV. The runner-up was Mark, who had been fired, but was brought back in the seventh episode."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did that film do well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films was he in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Dick played himself in the mockumentary The Making of... And God Spoke.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest role?", "answer": {"text": "He also starred alongside MTV comedian Pauly Shore in the 1994 war comedy film In the Army Now.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was he most known for?", "answer": {"text": "In 1997, Dick had a supporting role alongside Luke Wilson and Jack Black in Bongwater,", "answer_start": 292, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article in addition to Andy Dick's work on Double Dragon and The Making of... And God Spoke?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Double Dragon also produced \"2 is Better\", which lent an R&B feel to the album. \"The Faith\" went on to win a Stellar Award for Best Gospel Hip-Hop album of 2006. Still focused on projects in Korea Double Dragon began work with Yang Dong-geun (YDG) in 2006. YDG is an accomplished A-List actor, starring in major Korean motion pictures and many Korean TV dramas. Double Dragon produced 4 songs for his 3rd album. \" W.I.D.G.Y\", \"Run\", \"When I Was a Teenager\", and \"Neighborhood\". Coming off the success of his movie career the album was well received. At the same time Double Dragon was producing a song for Korean R&B crooner Bobby Kim. The Double Dragon song \" \"For the Moment\"\" was produced for a popular Korean TV series called \"Breaks\" also featured in the show's soundtrack. 2007 gave way to a new project for Double Dragon with Korean Pop/Hip-Hip/R&B artist Yun Mi Rae (Tasha Reid, or T) formerly of Tashannie. Her long-awaited album came only after a drawn out battle with her former record label. Double Dragon produced song \"Pay Day\" was a standout Hip-Hop anthem, that Korean audiences responded to immediately. Now based in New York City, Double Dragon is setting up to work with more US major label artists. 2007 will continue to showcase Double Dragon's work with artists such as Swollen Members, YDG and Drunken Tiger.", "In 2003, a remake of the original \"Double Dragon\", titled \"Double Dragon Advance\", was produced by Atlus and Million (the copyrights holder of the \"Double Dragon\" series at the time) for the Game Boy Advance. In 2009, was released a remake for the Zeebo, developed by Brizo Interactive and published by Tectoy. In 2011, another remake was released for the iPhone, developed by Brizo Interactive and published by Aksys Games. On April 4, 2012, WayForward Technologies announced that they would be developing \"Double Dragon Neon\", a self-parody of the series. The game was released September 11, 2012 for PlayStation Network, one day later for Xbox Live, and was released for PC in the first quarter of 2014. On April 5, 2013, \"Double Dragon II: Wander of the Dragons\", a 3D remake of the original \"Double Dragon II\", was released on the Xbox Live Arcade by game developer Gravity. A compilation of the three arcade titles, titled \"Double Dragon Trilogy\", was released by DotEmu in 2013 for iOS, Android, GOG, and Steam platforms. A new title in the series, titled \"Double Dragon IV\" (not to be confused with \"Super Double Dragon\"), was released on January 30, 2017 for the PlayStation 4 and PC respectively and September 7, 2017 for the Nintendo Switch. It takes place shortly after \"Double Dragon II: The Revenge\" and uses an 8-bit artstyle, similar to the NES ports of the earlier entries of the series. The title is developed by Arc System Works and former Technos staff such as producer Takaomi Kaneko, director Yoshihisa Kishimoto, character designer Koji Ogata, composer Kazunaka Yamane, and programmer Kei Oyama.", "Double Dragon The franchise is now the property of Arc System Works, the company that had ported the original \"Double Dragon\" to the Sega Master System console in 1988. The first game, \"Double Dragon\", was released in the arcades in 1987. A Nintendo Entertainment System version produced by Techn\u014ds was released in 1988, followed by a Game Boy version in 1990. Various licensed versions were also produced by other developers for gaming platforms such as the Master System, Atari 2600, Atari 7800, Genesis, Atari Lynx and for home computers. Two \"Double Dragon\" sequels were released for the arcade: \"\" in 1988 and \"\" in 1990. Like the original, Techn\u014ds produced versions for the NES (\"\" in 1989 and \"\" in 1991 respectively). A fourth game was released exclusively for the Super NES in 1992, titled \"Super Double Dragon\". It was the last game produced by the original team at Techn\u014ds. The Game Gear game \"Double Dragon\" is not a port of the original arcade game, but is instead an entirely new entry in the series that has gameplay elements that are more similar to \"Streets of Rage\". In 1994, Tradewest released \"\" for the Super NES and Genesis in North America and Europe, a competitive fighting game developed by Leland Interactive based on the \"Double Dragon\" animated TV series by Bohbot Entertainment. A Jaguar version was released by Telegames as well. Another fighting game was produced by Techn\u014ds, simply titled \"Double Dragon\", was released for the Neo-Geo arcade and home console in 1995. A Neo-Geo CD version was also released, as well as a PlayStation version by Urban Plant. It was the last \"Double Dragon\" game produced by Techn\u014ds before the company went out of business.", "Double Dragon (band) Double Dragon was a heavy metal band from Adelaide, Australia. Their name is a homage to the 1980s cult video game \"Double Dragon\". Double Dragon's musical style is heavy metal, but has also been described variously as melodic death metal or metalcore, featuring twin guitar harmonies, prominent lead guitar solos, and both clean and screamed vocals. Double Dragon originally formed in 2002 when upon the demise of his previous band Screwface:13, guitarist Matthew 'Roady' Johnston decided to create a new project that focused more on melody than the down tuned style of 1990s nu metal. After starting rehearsals with friend Danial Busch on drums, then bass player Jason Moon soon after, the three began writing material. Eventually they recruited Busch's long-time friend Shane Christford as their singer. After recording a two-track demo (unofficially dubbed 'Pirate Metal' due to its home-made skull and crossbones style artwork), Christford left the band during mid-2003 due to personal differences. Whilst still searching for a replacement frontman in late 2003, they were joined by lead guitarist Ben Murphy, who had previously been a member of Adelaide hardcore\u2013metal band Three Chain Break and death metal band Scorched Earth Policy before that. Murphy also later spent a brief period playing with Adelaide screamo band Hi End Audio. Within two months of Murphy's addition to Double Dragon, the band were joined by ex The Undamynd frontman Lee( Liggy )Gardiner as their vocalist. With the lineup now solidified, Double Dragon performed regularly to local audiences, and in the latter half of 2004 recorded their first 5-track demo/EP \" Have Them Destroyed\" (a name the band considered before settling upon 'Double Dragon'), which was eventually released independently in January 2005.", "Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls  Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls is a fighting game developed by Leland Interactive Media and published by Tradewest for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and Sega Genesis in 1994. It was later released for the Atari Jaguar by Telegames the following year. It's an American-produced sequel to the \"Double Dragon\" series by Techn\u014ds Japan, who had little to no credited involvement in the development of the game outside of licensing the IP to the publisher outside Japan. Unlike previous games in the series, which were side-scrolling beat 'em ups, \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" is a head-to-head fighting game based on the \"Double Dragon\" animated series in the style of Capcom's 1991 arcade-hit \"Street Fighter II\", though Techn\u014ds would eventually produce their own fighting game based on the 1994 live-action \"Double Dragon\" film the following year simply titled \"Double Dragon\" for the Neo Geo. \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" received mixed reception since it was released for the SNES and Genesis. Critics felt it was a respectable clone of \"Street Fighter II\" and gave positive comments in regards to the graphics and the sprite quality. However, the Jaguar version received negative reception from reviewers, who felt that the port did not improved upon the graphics and audio from the 16-bit versions and was also criticized for its controls layout. \"Double Dragon V: The Shadow Falls\" is a fighting game that follows the 8-way directional pad/stick and 6-button layout common to most fighting games at the time (including \"Street Fighter II\"), consisting of weak, medium and strong punches and kicks."], "answer": {"text": "In 2000, he made a cameo role in the motion picture Dude, Where's My Car?.", "answer_start": 585}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did that film do well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films was he in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Dick played himself in the mockumentary The Making of... And God Spoke.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest role?", "answer": {"text": "He also starred alongside MTV comedian Pauly Shore in the 1994 war comedy film In the Army Now.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was he most known for?", "answer": {"text": "In 1997, Dick had a supporting role alongside Luke Wilson and Jack Black in Bongwater,", "answer_start": 292, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever have any problems with films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_db0d5f513c8a4041a970dccfe0348e2a_1_q#7", "question": "what were peoples take on him?", "rewrite": "What were peoples take on Andy Dick?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Los Angeles, panelists have included Carlos Alazraqui, Alison Arngrim, E.G. Daily, Andy Dick, Paul Goebel, Danny Goldman, Annabelle Gurwitch, Mariette Hartley, Elaine Hendrix, Marty Ingels, Cathy Ladman, David L. Lander, Kate Linder, Ann Magnuson, Jayne Meadows, Lee Meriwether, Patt Morrison, Rick Overton, Jimmy Pardo, Lisa Jane Persky, Nancy Pimental, Greg Proops, Mink Stole, Nicole Sullivan, Marcia Wallace, Matt Walsh, Len Wein, Wil Wheaton, Gary Anthony Williams, Debra Wilson, April Winchell, and Andy Zax. Mystery guests have included Ed Begley, Jr., Stephen Bishop, Mr. Blackwell, LeVar Burton, Brett Butler, Jos\u00e9 Canseco, Drew Carey, Andy Dick, Michael and Kitty Dukakis, Hector Elizondo, Nanette Fabray, Peter Falk, Bruce Jenner, Larry King, Kathy Kinney, Bruno Kirby, Tara Lipinski, Lisa Loeb, Shelley Long, Leonard Maltin, Rose Marie, Wink Martindale, Sally Struthers, Rip Taylor, Judy Tenuta, Alan Thicke, Dick Van Patten, Lindsay Wagner, Wil Wheaton, Noah Wyle, and Sean Young. Panelists and guests who appeared on the original TV versions and on the stage version include Shelley Berman, Lee Meriwether, radio commentator Michael Jackson, Jayne Meadows, Nanette Fabray, Joanna Barnes, Julie Newmar, Margaret O'Brien, and Marty Ingels. Usually when such a veteran appears, there is a pristine-quality DVD screening of the original kinescope on a plasma screen.", "The next day, Stan stresses about his suit being torn as a result, among Roger's other annoying mishaps. He questions why he even saved Roger's life last night, leading Hayley to bring up the matter of a \"life debt\". She retells the story \u2014 first described in \"Roger Codger\" \u2014 of how Roger saved Stan's life in Area 51 years ago. Since then, Stan owed Roger a life debt, which is why Roger lives with the Smiths, until now when Klaus says Stan has repaid the debt, leading Stan to disown Roger. Saddened, Roger moves out of the household and into an apartment, at least until Francine stops by and suggests he try to convince Stan to accept him again. Roger agrees and moves back in, only to find out Stan has replaced him with Andy Dick (who, like Roger, is described as a \"fey, pansexual, alcoholic non-human\"). Francine later goes to see Roger inside a men's locker room at a YMCA (as the YMCA stopped renting out rooms to the homeless 30 years ago) and suggests he remind Stan how they were once friends. At a zoo, Stan insists on bringing Andy Dick with him, much to Roger's chagrin. Roger wishes Stan still owed him the life debt, so he pushes him into a pool with a polar bear, figuring out that, when saving him from being attacked by it, he would create a new life debt for him and therefore able to live in the house again. Andy Dick jumps into the pool to save Stan, but Roger stops Andy Dick from doing so, leading to a slapfight between the two, while the polar bear continues to attack Stan until it amputates his legs.", "The Assistant (TV series) The Assistant is a reality television show that parodied other reality shows such as \"The Apprentice\", \"The Bachelor\", \"The Bachelorette\", \"Survivor\", \"American Idol\", and \"Fear Factor\". Its eight episodes originally aired on MTV. It featured comedian Andy Dick's search for a new personal assistant. The beginning of the first episode parodied \"The Bachelor\", with the twelve contestants arriving in limousines, and Dick waiting outside to greet them with his maid and butler. A \"rose ceremony\" immediately followed, and one contestant was eliminated. Dick assigned the Hollywood hopefuls to some absurd tasks such as pretending to be him in an interview with a Japanese television station, bringing him coffee by traversing on a beam over a swimming pool, breaking up with his girlfriend, and attempting to get him a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Contestants were usually \"clipped\" in elimination ceremonies parodying those on other reality series. Like some other programs, \"The Assistant\" also included double elimination episodes and brought back fired candidates. Driving home Dick's message that they were starting from the bottom, candidates slept in Dick's garage. He also woke them with a flashing, siren-generating alarm, was prone to tantrums, and griped that, \"This reality show is ruining my life!\" Andy Dick actually had a relationship with one of the contestants on the show. Andy and Sarah Beckworth dated for a while after the show's end. The end of the relationship led to a breach of contract lawsuit with MTV which prohibited relationships with the contestants. Though the show was satire, the twelve contestants were real and the winner, Melissa Ordway, was awarded several prizes including a job at MTV. The runner-up was Mark, who had been fired, but was brought back in the seventh episode.", "The Andy Dick Show The Andy Dick Show is an American sketch comedy series that aired on MTV from February 2001 to May 2002. The series was created by and starred comedian Andy Dick. Every episode of the series was written and directed by Dick. Generally, he would appear as different character in several mockumentary sketches, with that character appearing as a talking head narrating events shown in Cin\u00e9ma v\u00e9rit\u00e9 and b-roll. His most recognizable and frequent character was Daphne Aguilera, a rude, whorish pop star clearly modeled after the exploits and vices of Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears and other pop icons. Daphne, according to \"herself\", is Christina Aguilera's cousin; in \"her\" words, \"my mother's is her mother's cousin's friend... or they live on the same block. So, [Christina and I are] basically cousins\". The Daphne character was heavily promoted by the real MTV in the weeks leading up to the premiere of \"The Andy Dick Show\". The show's first episode featured the mock-single \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\", a take on Britney Spears' single \"Oops!... I Did It Again.\" Daphne would later appear in other segments, appearing on MTV's \"Cribs\" and a parody of \"The View\". Daphne even managed to perform \"Naughty Baby Did a No-No\" at the 2001 MTV Video Music Awards, but cancelled her own performance in the beginning angry and then tried to attack Christina Aguilera, who was laughing all the time (obviously it was all a joke). After \"The Andy Dick Show\"'s cancellation, Daphne made two appearances on \"MADtv\". Several sketches featured Dick as Tom Green. This led to a guest appearance by Green in which each actor played the other.", "Instead of taking Stan to a hospital, Roger drives him on a cross-country trip to Area 51 in Nevada. There, Roger finds his \"fanny pack\", which contains a salve that regrows Stan's legs, albeit into baby-size for the first few hours, which puts Stan in a life debt again. Security guards and a scientist appear, aware that Roger is an alien despite his disguise. Escaping from them and their explosives, Stan grabs Roger and goes through a laundry chute and onto the back of a truck, evening the debt, much to Roger's dismay. After their leave, Stan finally admits to Roger that he did not remember the life debt until Hayley brought it up and that he spent time with Andy Dick only because his character resembles Roger's. He wants Roger to come back home, which Roger is delighted to do. As the two drive away (after tricking Andy Dick to chase after a bottle of drugs), Roger and Stan worry that Andy Dick is coming after them, only to be relieved when he sees Andy rob a roadside pharmacy. Meanwhile, Principal Lewis appoints Steve to a position as a public announcer at Pearl Bailey High School, after Steve tricks the previous announcer into shouting into the microphone whatever he says goes on in the school, claiming people always forget the microphone is still on. Steve himself develops such a God complex (or as Principal Lewis calls it, \"getting drunk on the mike\"), prompting his concerned friends to use the same microphone trick on him. Snot takes over the announcer position and abuses its power as well, and Barry swears directly into the microphone, leading to Lewis to kick the entire group out of his office."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Andy Dick's first film?", "answer": {"text": "One of his earliest film roles was a fictional version of himself the film adaptation of video game Double Dragon.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did that film do well?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films was he in?", "answer": {"text": "In 1993, Dick played himself in the mockumentary The Making of... And God Spoke.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was his biggest role?", "answer": {"text": "He also starred alongside MTV comedian Pauly Shore in the 1994 war comedy film In the Army Now.", "answer_start": 196, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was he most known for?", "answer": {"text": "In 1997, Dick had a supporting role alongside Luke Wilson and Jack Black in Bongwater,", "answer_start": 292, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he ever have any problems with films?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "In 2000, he made a cameo role in the motion picture Dude, Where's My Car?.", "answer_start": 585, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c742eaf7da54f5bb1243ab6cd0f5aaf_1_q#0", "question": "What sport did Kurt Warner play?", "rewrite": "What sport did Kurt Warner play?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["With Kurt Warner on the sidelines due to injury, and in the tenth season since he won Super Bowl XXXIV over the Titans, the Cardinals fell to a game-winning rally led by quarterback Vince Young as he raced the Titans 99 yards down field over the final 2:37, converted two fourth downs, and fired the winning ten-yard touchdown on the final play to Kenny Britt. The win made the Titans the first team to win five straight after starting 0\u20136 as they improved to 5\u20136 while the Cardinals fell to 7\u20134. Week 13 saw the return of star quarterback Kurt Warner to the line-up. The Cardinals took off in the first half building a 24\u201310 lead. Warner played exceptionally well, throwing for three first half touchdowns on his way to a 285-yard effort. The defense stifled Favre and the Vikings and held Adrian Peterson to a season-low 19 yards. The Warner led offense propelled the Cards to a stunningly one-sided 30\u201317 victory. With the win, the Cardinals improved to 8\u20134. With this win, The Cardinals got their 10th win of the season. The last time the Cardinals had double digit wins in a season was in 1976. With the Vikings win earlier in the day, this game was rendered unimportant. The Cardinals pulled Kurt Warner along with other starters early in the 2nd quarter while the Packers continued to play their starters until the 4th quarter. Late in the 4th quarter, quarterback Brian St. Pierre threw his first career touchdown pass. Entering the postseason as the NFC's #4 seed, the Cardinals began their playoff run at home in the NFC Wild Card game against the #5 Green Bay Packers, looking to avenge their Week 17 defeat.", "1993 Northern Iowa Panthers football team The 1993 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Panthers offense scored 350 points while the defense allowed 238 points. Quarterback Kurt Warner was in his senior season with the Panthers. Andre Allen, LB Matt Harken, TE John Herrin, OT Tony Monroe, DL Tim Mosley, WR/P Donald Mumma, OC Kurt Warner, QB Myron Glass, DB Michael Hudnutt, OG Jason McCleary, DB Jeff Stovall, RB Joseph Wallace, DB Todd Harrington, DB D. Minnieweather, LB Casey Smith, DL Paul Wolf, LB Kurt Warner, QB Andre Allen, LB Terry Allen LB Andre Allen (1) RS Jason McCleary (1) WR Tim Mosley (2) OC D.J. Mumma (2) RB Jeff Stovall (1) QB Kurt Warner (2)", "The Cardinals ended up beating the Green Bay Packers 51-45 in overtime in the highest scoring playoff game in NFL history, keeping alive the Packers-Cardinals rivalry which began on Nov. 20, 1921 when the two teams played to a 3-3 tie. For the game, Kurt Warner had 5 touchdown passes and only 4 incomplete passes, going 29 for 33. With the playoff victory, the Cardinals earned the right to play the New Orleans Saints in the divisional playoff game on January 16, 2010. The Packers game exposed Arizona's weak defense however, and they were out-gunned by the Saints during the Divisional playoff game, losing by a lop-sided score of 45-14. Kurt Warner went 17-26 for 205 yards passing, but failed to throw for any touchdowns. The Cardinals went 1-8 on 3rd down conversions. Warner was knocked out of the game in the second quarter when he threw an interception that was caught by Saints DE Will Smith. A few days after the game, Kurt Warner announced his retirement from the NFL. This took the team by surprise, as they had expected him to play for the last year of his contract. Several QB options were floated for 2011, including veteran Donovan McNabb (a part-time resident of Chandler, a local suburb). In the end, the Cardinals got Eagles backup QB Kevin Kolb in exchange for trading CB Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie. They beat Carolina in Week 1 for Kolb's first regular season game on the team, but lost the next three against Washington, Seattle, and New York despite close scores. In Week 5, they headed to Minnesota seeking their first win there since 1977. Week 8 saw the Cardinals returning from their bye week to play the Baltimore Ravens, in Baltimore. Despite having a 21-6 lead at halftime, a poor performance in the second half led to 27-30 loss.", "Regular substitute Kurt Warner filled in for Esiason. During Week 7 of the same season neither Harlan or Esiason was available for the Monday Night game, Kevin Kugler filled in for Harlan as he was calling the International Series game in London, England for NFL Network, with Kurt Warner also filling in for Esiason (despite Kugler and Warner, the latter filling in for James Lofton, calling the Sunday Night Football game the previous night). For the Week 11 Monday Night game (Texans-Raiders) being played in Mexico City, Armando Quintero and Benny Ricardo (both Mexican-Americans) called the game instead of Harlan and Esiason/Warner. Kugler and Warner would again call the Week 16 Monday Night game (Lions-Cowboys), with Kugler filling in for Harlan as the latter called the Christmas Night game (Broncos-Chiefs) in Kansas City (where Harlan resides in) with Lofton. On August 9, 2018, it was announced that Kurt Warner would be succeeding Esiason as Westwood One's primary color commentator for \"Monday Night Football\" ending Esiason's 18 year reign in the \"Monday Night Football\" booth, with Harlan continuing as play-by-play announcer. However, Esiason called the opening game of the 2018 season (Falcons-Eagles) as his final game for the network. For the opening-week Monday night doubleheader, the primary team initially split up to cover the two games. In 2014, for example, Esiason joined Ian Eagle to call the early game while Harlan teamed with James Lofton on the broadcast of the late game. However, this was no longer the case as of the 2018 season due to Esiason's departure, with Harlan and Warner calling the late game.", "Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed is a sports game developed and published by Midway for the Sony PlayStation. It was released in North America on May 18, 2000. It is to note that it would not be until 2006 before another AFL video game would be released. It is based around the fame of American football champion Kurt Warner. \" Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" differs from other American football video games due to its usage of the arena football system. A few rule changes include that there are half as many players on the field, field goals go back into play if they miss the goalposts, and there's no such thing as punting. The game is compared to \"NFL Blitz 2000\" for its violence, and one reviewer even noted that \"The post-play violence has been pumped up to the level that \"Blitz\" had before the NFL forced Midway to tone it down.\" \"Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" received mostly poor reviews, portraying it as being a weaker version of \"NFL Blitz 2000\". GameSpot criticized the game and gave it a low score. \"It's a scaled-down version of Blitz 2000 with a few changes, but these changes don't really enhance the game in any way.\" IGN wrote, \"... the actual game engine seems more like a poor man's Blitz.\""], "answer": {"text": "quarterbacks", "answer_start": 1120}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_1c742eaf7da54f5bb1243ab6cd0f5aaf_1_q#1", "question": "what did he do in post season", "rewrite": "what did Kurt Warner do in the post season?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Regular substitute Kurt Warner filled in for Esiason. During Week 7 of the same season neither Harlan or Esiason was available for the Monday Night game, Kevin Kugler filled in for Harlan as he was calling the International Series game in London, England for NFL Network, with Kurt Warner also filling in for Esiason (despite Kugler and Warner, the latter filling in for James Lofton, calling the Sunday Night Football game the previous night). For the Week 11 Monday Night game (Texans-Raiders) being played in Mexico City, Armando Quintero and Benny Ricardo (both Mexican-Americans) called the game instead of Harlan and Esiason/Warner. Kugler and Warner would again call the Week 16 Monday Night game (Lions-Cowboys), with Kugler filling in for Harlan as the latter called the Christmas Night game (Broncos-Chiefs) in Kansas City (where Harlan resides in) with Lofton. On August 9, 2018, it was announced that Kurt Warner would be succeeding Esiason as Westwood One's primary color commentator for \"Monday Night Football\" ending Esiason's 18 year reign in the \"Monday Night Football\" booth, with Harlan continuing as play-by-play announcer. However, Esiason called the opening game of the 2018 season (Falcons-Eagles) as his final game for the network. For the opening-week Monday night doubleheader, the primary team initially split up to cover the two games. In 2014, for example, Esiason joined Ian Eagle to call the early game while Harlan teamed with James Lofton on the broadcast of the late game. However, this was no longer the case as of the 2018 season due to Esiason's departure, with Harlan and Warner calling the late game.", "2003 St. Louis Rams season The St. Louis Rams season was the franchise's 66th season in the National Football League, the 9th season in St. Louis and the 4th under head coach Mike Martz. The Rams were coming off a disappointing 7\u20139 season and former MVP Kurt Warner was demoted to backup quarterback; Marc Bulger earned the starting job after replacing Warner in 2002 and winning six of his seven starts. Though many agree that The Greatest Show on Turf ended after the 2001 season, the Rams nonetheless finished 12\u20134, winning the NFC West, only to lose to the eventual NFC champions Carolina Panthers. This would be the last time the Rams won the NFC West until the 2017 NFL season. For the first time in 19 years, the Rams lost a playoff game at home. 2003 was also the last winning season that the Rams would achieve in St. Louis and was their last winning season anywhere until 2017 in Los Angeles. They did make the playoffs the following season despite a mediocre 8-8 record and are considered one of the worst teams to make the playoffs, along with the 2010 Seahawks (7-9) and the 1998 Cardinals (9-7). Bulger was voted to play in the Pro Bowl following the season and was the game's MVP. As for Kurt Warner, he was released after the season in order to clear up cap space, and Bulger would spend the next six seasons as the Rams' starting quarterback. Departures: Wide receiver Ricky Proehl went to the Panthers. Full back James Hodgins went to the Cardinals. Tight end Ernie Conwell went to the Saints. Wide receiver Troy Edwards went to the Jaguars. Wide receiver Terrance Wilkins went to the Colts. Kurt Warner was given one more shot as starter for the Rams and passed for 353 yards and one touchdown to Torry Holt.", "With Kurt Warner on the sidelines due to injury, and in the tenth season since he won Super Bowl XXXIV over the Titans, the Cardinals fell to a game-winning rally led by quarterback Vince Young as he raced the Titans 99 yards down field over the final 2:37, converted two fourth downs, and fired the winning ten-yard touchdown on the final play to Kenny Britt. The win made the Titans the first team to win five straight after starting 0\u20136 as they improved to 5\u20136 while the Cardinals fell to 7\u20134. Week 13 saw the return of star quarterback Kurt Warner to the line-up. The Cardinals took off in the first half building a 24\u201310 lead. Warner played exceptionally well, throwing for three first half touchdowns on his way to a 285-yard effort. The defense stifled Favre and the Vikings and held Adrian Peterson to a season-low 19 yards. The Warner led offense propelled the Cards to a stunningly one-sided 30\u201317 victory. With the win, the Cardinals improved to 8\u20134. With this win, The Cardinals got their 10th win of the season. The last time the Cardinals had double digit wins in a season was in 1976. With the Vikings win earlier in the day, this game was rendered unimportant. The Cardinals pulled Kurt Warner along with other starters early in the 2nd quarter while the Packers continued to play their starters until the 4th quarter. Late in the 4th quarter, quarterback Brian St. Pierre threw his first career touchdown pass. Entering the postseason as the NFC's #4 seed, the Cardinals began their playoff run at home in the NFC Wild Card game against the #5 Green Bay Packers, looking to avenge their Week 17 defeat.", "1993 Northern Iowa Panthers football team The 1993 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Panthers offense scored 350 points while the defense allowed 238 points. Quarterback Kurt Warner was in his senior season with the Panthers. Andre Allen, LB Matt Harken, TE John Herrin, OT Tony Monroe, DL Tim Mosley, WR/P Donald Mumma, OC Kurt Warner, QB Myron Glass, DB Michael Hudnutt, OG Jason McCleary, DB Jeff Stovall, RB Joseph Wallace, DB Todd Harrington, DB D. Minnieweather, LB Casey Smith, DL Paul Wolf, LB Kurt Warner, QB Andre Allen, LB Terry Allen LB Andre Allen (1) RS Jason McCleary (1) WR Tim Mosley (2) OC D.J. Mumma (2) RB Jeff Stovall (1) QB Kurt Warner (2)", "Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed is a sports game developed and published by Midway for the Sony PlayStation. It was released in North America on May 18, 2000. It is to note that it would not be until 2006 before another AFL video game would be released. It is based around the fame of American football champion Kurt Warner. \" Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" differs from other American football video games due to its usage of the arena football system. A few rule changes include that there are half as many players on the field, field goals go back into play if they miss the goalposts, and there's no such thing as punting. The game is compared to \"NFL Blitz 2000\" for its violence, and one reviewer even noted that \"The post-play violence has been pumped up to the level that \"Blitz\" had before the NFL forced Midway to tone it down.\" \"Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" received mostly poor reviews, portraying it as being a weaker version of \"NFL Blitz 2000\". GameSpot criticized the game and gave it a low score. \"It's a scaled-down version of Blitz 2000 with a few changes, but these changes don't really enhance the game in any way.\" IGN wrote, \"... the actual game engine seems more like a poor man's Blitz.\""], "answer": {"text": "On January 18, Warner threw for 279 yards, four touchdowns, and no interceptions against the Philadelphia Eagles to lead the Cardinals to their first Super Bowl appearance in history.", "answer_start": 913}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport did Kurt Warner play?", "answer": {"text": "quarterbacks", "answer_start": 1120, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c742eaf7da54f5bb1243ab6cd0f5aaf_1_q#2", "question": "Did they win the superbowl?", "rewrite": "Did the Cardinals win the superbowl against the Eagles led by Kurt Warner?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Cardinals ended up beating the Green Bay Packers 51-45 in overtime in the highest scoring playoff game in NFL history, keeping alive the Packers-Cardinals rivalry which began on Nov. 20, 1921 when the two teams played to a 3-3 tie. For the game, Kurt Warner had 5 touchdown passes and only 4 incomplete passes, going 29 for 33. With the playoff victory, the Cardinals earned the right to play the New Orleans Saints in the divisional playoff game on January 16, 2010. The Packers game exposed Arizona's weak defense however, and they were out-gunned by the Saints during the Divisional playoff game, losing by a lop-sided score of 45-14. Kurt Warner went 17-26 for 205 yards passing, but failed to throw for any touchdowns. The Cardinals went 1-8 on 3rd down conversions. Warner was knocked out of the game in the second quarter when he threw an interception that was caught by Saints DE Will Smith. A few days after the game, Kurt Warner announced his retirement from the NFL. This took the team by surprise, as they had expected him to play for the last year of his contract. Several QB options were floated for 2011, including veteran Donovan McNabb (a part-time resident of Chandler, a local suburb). In the end, the Cardinals got Eagles backup QB Kevin Kolb in exchange for trading CB Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie. They beat Carolina in Week 1 for Kolb's first regular season game on the team, but lost the next three against Washington, Seattle, and New York despite close scores. In Week 5, they headed to Minnesota seeking their first win there since 1977. Week 8 saw the Cardinals returning from their bye week to play the Baltimore Ravens, in Baltimore. Despite having a 21-6 lead at halftime, a poor performance in the second half led to 27-30 loss.", "In the fourth quarter, the Cardinals took the lead as Rackers nailed a 23-yard field goal, along with Warner hooking up with Boldin again on a five-yard TD pass (with a failed two-point conversion.) The 49ers would mount a late comeback drive, but Arizona made a successful goal-line stand as time ran out. With the win, the Cardinals improved to 6\u20133. Coming off their close MNF home win over the 49ers, the Cardinals flew to Qwest Field for a Week 11 NFC West duel with the Seattle Seahawks. In the first quarter, the Cardinals took flight as kicker Neil Rackers got a 38-yard field goal, along with RB J. J. Arrington getting a four-yard TD run. In the second quarter, Arizona increased its lead with Rackers making a 48-yard field goal. The Seahawks answered with QB Matt Hasselbeck completing a 13-yard TD pass to RB Maurice Morris. The Cardinals would close out the half with Rackers getting a 54-yard field goal. In the third quarter, the Cardinals increased their lead as Rackers nailed a 26-yard field goal and QB Kurt Warner completed a six-yard TD pass to Arrington. In the fourth quarter, Seattle tried to rally as RB T. J. Duckett got a one-yard TD run (with a failed two-point conversion) and a two-yard TD run. Fortunately, rookie CB Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie came up with the game-winning interception. With the win, not only did the Cardinals win three straight for the first time since 2002, but they improved to 7\u20133 for the first time since 1977. Coming off their divisional road win over the Seahawks, the Cardinals went home for a Week 12 duel with the defending Super Bowl champions, the New York Giants.", "The Cardinals would respond as QB Kurt Warner completed a one-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald. Philadelphia would close out the half with kicker David Akers making a 42-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Arizona's struggles continued as Westbrook got a nine-yard TD run. The Cardinals would answer with Warner completed a six-yard TD pass to WR Steve Breaston (with a failed two-point conversion.) The Eagles would reply as Akers got a 41-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Cardinals tried to rally as Warner hooked up with Fitzgerald again on a seven-yard TD pass. However, Philadelphia replied with McNabb completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR DeSean Jackson, along with an eight-yard TD pass to WR Jason Avant. With the loss, the Cardinals fell to 7\u20135. Arizona dominated St Louis to win the NFC West and clinch their first home playoff game since 1947. Arizona took a 14\u20130 lead in the first quarter after a one-yard TD run by Tim Hightower and a Kurt Warner 12-yard TD pass to Larry Fitzgerald. In the second quarter the Rams would score on a three-yard TD pass from Marc Bulger to Steven Jackson, following a Kurt Warner interception. The Cardinals would respond with two field goals from Neil Rackers from 44 and 22 yards to make the halftime score 20\u20137. In the third quarter, Cardinals linebacker, Gerald Hayes, would force two Steven Jackson fumbles, the second one recovered by Darnell Dockett, who would return it 11 yards to the end zone for a touchdown.", "With Kurt Warner on the sidelines due to injury, and in the tenth season since he won Super Bowl XXXIV over the Titans, the Cardinals fell to a game-winning rally led by quarterback Vince Young as he raced the Titans 99 yards down field over the final 2:37, converted two fourth downs, and fired the winning ten-yard touchdown on the final play to Kenny Britt. The win made the Titans the first team to win five straight after starting 0\u20136 as they improved to 5\u20136 while the Cardinals fell to 7\u20134. Week 13 saw the return of star quarterback Kurt Warner to the line-up. The Cardinals took off in the first half building a 24\u201310 lead. Warner played exceptionally well, throwing for three first half touchdowns on his way to a 285-yard effort. The defense stifled Favre and the Vikings and held Adrian Peterson to a season-low 19 yards. The Warner led offense propelled the Cards to a stunningly one-sided 30\u201317 victory. With the win, the Cardinals improved to 8\u20134. With this win, The Cardinals got their 10th win of the season. The last time the Cardinals had double digit wins in a season was in 1976. With the Vikings win earlier in the day, this game was rendered unimportant. The Cardinals pulled Kurt Warner along with other starters early in the 2nd quarter while the Packers continued to play their starters until the 4th quarter. Late in the 4th quarter, quarterback Brian St. Pierre threw his first career touchdown pass. Entering the postseason as the NFC's #4 seed, the Cardinals began their playoff run at home in the NFC Wild Card game against the #5 Green Bay Packers, looking to avenge their Week 17 defeat.", "Seattle tried to rally in the fourth quarter as Wallace completed a two-yard touchdown pass to Branch, yet the Cardinals would close out the game with kicker Neil Rackers nailing a 23- and a 32-yard field goal. With the win, the Cardinals closed out the regular season at 9\u20137, and swept the NFC West for the first time in franchise history. The Cardinals sent a total of 5 players to the 2009 Pro Bowl. On offense, Kurt Warner was the starting quarterback, with Larry Fitzgerald and Anquan Boldin both at wide receiver. On defense, Adrian Wilson went as one of the conference's defensive backs. Sean Morey would be start on special teams. This is arguably the most successful season in modern Cardinals history. Entering the playoffs at the NFC's fourth seed, the Cardinals began their playoff run at home against the #5 Atlanta Falcons, in their first home playoff game since 1947. Arizona got the early lead in the first quarter as quarterback Kurt Warner completed a 42-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald. The Falcons responded with kicker Jason Elam's 30-yard field goal, yet the Cardinals struck right back as Warner completed a 71-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Anquan Boldin. Boldin pulled his hamstring running down the sideline and did not return. Atlanta took the halftime lead with running back Michael Turner getting a seven-yard touchdown run, followed by quarterback Matt Ryan completing a two-yard touchdown pass to tight end Justin Peelle following a Kurt Warner interception. Arizona regained the lead in the third quarter as safety Antrel Rolle returned a Turner fumble 27 yards for a touchdown, while rookie running back Tim Hightower got a four-yard touchdown run. The Cardinals increased their lead in the fourth quarter as defensive end Antonio Smith sacked Ryan in his own endzone for a safety."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport did Kurt Warner play?", "answer": {"text": "quarterbacks", "answer_start": 1120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in post season", "answer": {"text": "On January 18, Warner threw for 279 yards, four touchdowns, and no interceptions against the Philadelphia Eagles to lead the Cardinals to their first Super Bowl appearance in history.", "answer_start": 913, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c742eaf7da54f5bb1243ab6cd0f5aaf_1_q#3", "question": "was he ever injured?", "rewrite": "was Kurt Warner ever injured?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Regular substitute Kurt Warner filled in for Esiason. During Week 7 of the same season neither Harlan or Esiason was available for the Monday Night game, Kevin Kugler filled in for Harlan as he was calling the International Series game in London, England for NFL Network, with Kurt Warner also filling in for Esiason (despite Kugler and Warner, the latter filling in for James Lofton, calling the Sunday Night Football game the previous night). For the Week 11 Monday Night game (Texans-Raiders) being played in Mexico City, Armando Quintero and Benny Ricardo (both Mexican-Americans) called the game instead of Harlan and Esiason/Warner. Kugler and Warner would again call the Week 16 Monday Night game (Lions-Cowboys), with Kugler filling in for Harlan as the latter called the Christmas Night game (Broncos-Chiefs) in Kansas City (where Harlan resides in) with Lofton. On August 9, 2018, it was announced that Kurt Warner would be succeeding Esiason as Westwood One's primary color commentator for \"Monday Night Football\" ending Esiason's 18 year reign in the \"Monday Night Football\" booth, with Harlan continuing as play-by-play announcer. However, Esiason called the opening game of the 2018 season (Falcons-Eagles) as his final game for the network. For the opening-week Monday night doubleheader, the primary team initially split up to cover the two games. In 2014, for example, Esiason joined Ian Eagle to call the early game while Harlan teamed with James Lofton on the broadcast of the late game. However, this was no longer the case as of the 2018 season due to Esiason's departure, with Harlan and Warner calling the late game.", "With Kurt Warner on the sidelines due to injury, and in the tenth season since he won Super Bowl XXXIV over the Titans, the Cardinals fell to a game-winning rally led by quarterback Vince Young as he raced the Titans 99 yards down field over the final 2:37, converted two fourth downs, and fired the winning ten-yard touchdown on the final play to Kenny Britt. The win made the Titans the first team to win five straight after starting 0\u20136 as they improved to 5\u20136 while the Cardinals fell to 7\u20134. Week 13 saw the return of star quarterback Kurt Warner to the line-up. The Cardinals took off in the first half building a 24\u201310 lead. Warner played exceptionally well, throwing for three first half touchdowns on his way to a 285-yard effort. The defense stifled Favre and the Vikings and held Adrian Peterson to a season-low 19 yards. The Warner led offense propelled the Cards to a stunningly one-sided 30\u201317 victory. With the win, the Cardinals improved to 8\u20134. With this win, The Cardinals got their 10th win of the season. The last time the Cardinals had double digit wins in a season was in 1976. With the Vikings win earlier in the day, this game was rendered unimportant. The Cardinals pulled Kurt Warner along with other starters early in the 2nd quarter while the Packers continued to play their starters until the 4th quarter. Late in the 4th quarter, quarterback Brian St. Pierre threw his first career touchdown pass. Entering the postseason as the NFC's #4 seed, the Cardinals began their playoff run at home in the NFC Wild Card game against the #5 Green Bay Packers, looking to avenge their Week 17 defeat.", "The Cardinals would respond as QB Kurt Warner completed a one-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald. Philadelphia would close out the half with kicker David Akers making a 42-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Arizona's struggles continued as Westbrook got a nine-yard TD run. The Cardinals would answer with Warner completed a six-yard TD pass to WR Steve Breaston (with a failed two-point conversion.) The Eagles would reply as Akers got a 41-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Cardinals tried to rally as Warner hooked up with Fitzgerald again on a seven-yard TD pass. However, Philadelphia replied with McNabb completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR DeSean Jackson, along with an eight-yard TD pass to WR Jason Avant. With the loss, the Cardinals fell to 7\u20135. Arizona dominated St Louis to win the NFC West and clinch their first home playoff game since 1947. Arizona took a 14\u20130 lead in the first quarter after a one-yard TD run by Tim Hightower and a Kurt Warner 12-yard TD pass to Larry Fitzgerald. In the second quarter the Rams would score on a three-yard TD pass from Marc Bulger to Steven Jackson, following a Kurt Warner interception. The Cardinals would respond with two field goals from Neil Rackers from 44 and 22 yards to make the halftime score 20\u20137. In the third quarter, Cardinals linebacker, Gerald Hayes, would force two Steven Jackson fumbles, the second one recovered by Darnell Dockett, who would return it 11 yards to the end zone for a touchdown.", "1993 Northern Iowa Panthers football team The 1993 Northern Iowa Panthers football team represented the University of Northern Iowa the 1993 NCAA Division I-AA football season. The Panthers offense scored 350 points while the defense allowed 238 points. Quarterback Kurt Warner was in his senior season with the Panthers. Andre Allen, LB Matt Harken, TE John Herrin, OT Tony Monroe, DL Tim Mosley, WR/P Donald Mumma, OC Kurt Warner, QB Myron Glass, DB Michael Hudnutt, OG Jason McCleary, DB Jeff Stovall, RB Joseph Wallace, DB Todd Harrington, DB D. Minnieweather, LB Casey Smith, DL Paul Wolf, LB Kurt Warner, QB Andre Allen, LB Terry Allen LB Andre Allen (1) RS Jason McCleary (1) WR Tim Mosley (2) OC D.J. Mumma (2) RB Jeff Stovall (1) QB Kurt Warner (2)", "Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed is a sports game developed and published by Midway for the Sony PlayStation. It was released in North America on May 18, 2000. It is to note that it would not be until 2006 before another AFL video game would be released. It is based around the fame of American football champion Kurt Warner. \" Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" differs from other American football video games due to its usage of the arena football system. A few rule changes include that there are half as many players on the field, field goals go back into play if they miss the goalposts, and there's no such thing as punting. The game is compared to \"NFL Blitz 2000\" for its violence, and one reviewer even noted that \"The post-play violence has been pumped up to the level that \"Blitz\" had before the NFL forced Midway to tone it down.\" \"Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" received mostly poor reviews, portraying it as being a weaker version of \"NFL Blitz 2000\". GameSpot criticized the game and gave it a low score. \"It's a scaled-down version of Blitz 2000 with a few changes, but these changes don't really enhance the game in any way.\" IGN wrote, \"... the actual game engine seems more like a poor man's Blitz.\""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport did Kurt Warner play?", "answer": {"text": "quarterbacks", "answer_start": 1120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in post season", "answer": {"text": "On January 18, Warner threw for 279 yards, four touchdowns, and no interceptions against the Philadelphia Eagles to lead the Cardinals to their first Super Bowl appearance in history.", "answer_start": 913, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the superbowl?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_1c742eaf7da54f5bb1243ab6cd0f5aaf_1_q#4", "question": "did he have any other stats", "rewrite": "Does Kurt Warner have any other stats besides winning the superbowl against the Philadelphia Eagles?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed is a sports game developed and published by Midway for the Sony PlayStation. It was released in North America on May 18, 2000. It is to note that it would not be until 2006 before another AFL video game would be released. It is based around the fame of American football champion Kurt Warner. \" Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" differs from other American football video games due to its usage of the arena football system. A few rule changes include that there are half as many players on the field, field goals go back into play if they miss the goalposts, and there's no such thing as punting. The game is compared to \"NFL Blitz 2000\" for its violence, and one reviewer even noted that \"The post-play violence has been pumped up to the level that \"Blitz\" had before the NFL forced Midway to tone it down.\" \"Kurt Warner's Arena Football Unleashed\" received mostly poor reviews, portraying it as being a weaker version of \"NFL Blitz 2000\". GameSpot criticized the game and gave it a low score. \"It's a scaled-down version of Blitz 2000 with a few changes, but these changes don't really enhance the game in any way.\" IGN wrote, \"... the actual game engine seems more like a poor man's Blitz.\"", "The Cardinals would respond as QB Kurt Warner completed a one-yard TD pass to WR Larry Fitzgerald. Philadelphia would close out the half with kicker David Akers making a 42-yard field goal. In the third quarter, Arizona's struggles continued as Westbrook got a nine-yard TD run. The Cardinals would answer with Warner completed a six-yard TD pass to WR Steve Breaston (with a failed two-point conversion.) The Eagles would reply as Akers got a 41-yard field goal. In the fourth quarter, the Cardinals tried to rally as Warner hooked up with Fitzgerald again on a seven-yard TD pass. However, Philadelphia replied with McNabb completing a 5-yard TD pass to WR DeSean Jackson, along with an eight-yard TD pass to WR Jason Avant. With the loss, the Cardinals fell to 7\u20135. Arizona dominated St Louis to win the NFC West and clinch their first home playoff game since 1947. Arizona took a 14\u20130 lead in the first quarter after a one-yard TD run by Tim Hightower and a Kurt Warner 12-yard TD pass to Larry Fitzgerald. In the second quarter the Rams would score on a three-yard TD pass from Marc Bulger to Steven Jackson, following a Kurt Warner interception. The Cardinals would respond with two field goals from Neil Rackers from 44 and 22 yards to make the halftime score 20\u20137. In the third quarter, Cardinals linebacker, Gerald Hayes, would force two Steven Jackson fumbles, the second one recovered by Darnell Dockett, who would return it 11 yards to the end zone for a touchdown.", "Regular substitute Kurt Warner filled in for Esiason. During Week 7 of the same season neither Harlan or Esiason was available for the Monday Night game, Kevin Kugler filled in for Harlan as he was calling the International Series game in London, England for NFL Network, with Kurt Warner also filling in for Esiason (despite Kugler and Warner, the latter filling in for James Lofton, calling the Sunday Night Football game the previous night). For the Week 11 Monday Night game (Texans-Raiders) being played in Mexico City, Armando Quintero and Benny Ricardo (both Mexican-Americans) called the game instead of Harlan and Esiason/Warner. Kugler and Warner would again call the Week 16 Monday Night game (Lions-Cowboys), with Kugler filling in for Harlan as the latter called the Christmas Night game (Broncos-Chiefs) in Kansas City (where Harlan resides in) with Lofton. On August 9, 2018, it was announced that Kurt Warner would be succeeding Esiason as Westwood One's primary color commentator for \"Monday Night Football\" ending Esiason's 18 year reign in the \"Monday Night Football\" booth, with Harlan continuing as play-by-play announcer. However, Esiason called the opening game of the 2018 season (Falcons-Eagles) as his final game for the network. For the opening-week Monday night doubleheader, the primary team initially split up to cover the two games. In 2014, for example, Esiason joined Ian Eagle to call the early game while Harlan teamed with James Lofton on the broadcast of the late game. However, this was no longer the case as of the 2018 season due to Esiason's departure, with Harlan and Warner calling the late game.", "1989\u2014 Joe Montana, San Francisco 49ers 1990\u2014 Randall Cunningham, Philadelphia Eagles 1991\u2014 Barry Sanders, Detroit Lions 1992\u2014 Steve Young, San Francisco 49ers 1993\u2014 Emmitt Smith, Dallas Cowboys 1994\u2014 Steve Young, San Francisco 49ers 1995\u2014 Brett Favre, Green Bay Packers 1996\u2014 Brett Favre, Green Bay Packers 1997\u2014 Barry Sanders, Detroit Lions 1998\u2014 Randall Cunningham, Minnesota Vikings 1999\u2014 Kurt Warner, St. Louis Rams 2000\u2014 Marshall Faulk, St. Louis Rams 2001\u2014 Kurt Warner, St. Louis Rams 2002\u2014 Brett Favre, Green Bay Packers 2003\u2014 Ahman Green, Green Bay Packers 2004\u2014 Donovan McNabb, Philadelphia Eagles 2005\u2014 Shaun Alexander, Seattle Seahawks 2006\u2014 Drew Brees, New Orleans Saints 2007\u2014 Brett Favre, Green Bay Packers 2008\u2014 Drew Brees, New Orleans Saints 2009\u2014 Drew Brees, New Orleans Saints 2010\u2014 Michael Vick, Philadelphia Eagles 2011\u2014 Aaron Rodgers, Green Bay Packers 2012\u2014 Adrian Peterson, Minnesota Vikings 2013\u2014 LeSean McCoy, Philadelphia Eagles 2014\u2014 Aaron Rodgers, Green Bay Packers 2015\u2014 Cam Newton, Carolina Panthers 2016\u2014 Ezekiel Elliott, Dallas Cowboys 2017\u2014 Todd Gurley, Los Angeles Rams 2018\u2014 Drew Brees, New Orleans Saints AFC Offensive Player of the Year 1969\u2014 Daryle Lamonica, Oakland Raiders 1970\u2014 George Blanda, Oakland Raiders 1971\u2014 Bob Griese, Miami Dolphins 1972\u2014 O.J. Simpson, Buffalo Bills 1973\u2014 O.J. Simpson, Buffalo Bills  1974\u2014 Ken Stabler, Oakland Raiders 1975\u2014 O.J. Simpson, Buffalo Bills 1976\u2014 Bert Jones, Baltimore Colts 1977\u2014 Bob Griese, Miami Dolphins  1978\u2014 Earl Campbell, Houston Oilers 1979\u2014 Dan Fouts, San Diego Chargers 1980\u2014 Brian Sipe, Cleveland Browns 1981\u2014 Ken Anderson, Cincinnati Bengals 1982\u2014  1983\u2014 Dan Marino, Miami Dolphins", "TE Shannon Sharpe - Denver Broncos, Baltimore Ravens James Van Der Beek - Actor: \"Dawson's Creek\" QB Kurt Warner - St. Louis Rams, New York Giants, Arizona Cardinals CB Rod Woodson - Oakland Raiders WR Terrell Owens, Coach - San Francisco 49's, Philadelphia Eagles, Dallas Cowboys, Buffalo Bills, Cincinnati Bengals \"Gamers\" Quinton Aaron - Actor: \"The Blind Side\" Marcus Allen Shannon Elizabeth - Actress, Model Joe Manganiello - Actor: \"True Blood\" Ryan McPartlin - Actor: \"Chuck\" Maria Menounos Joe Montana Jerry Rice Deion Sanders Tony Gonzalez Highlights Gamer Maria Menounos took home the MVP after she caught receptions for 55 yards, one touchdown, had one sack and two tackles. Famer James Van Der Beek had six receptions for 71 yards, three touchdowns, and six tackles. The Famers took their first lead of the day when Rod Woodson picks off Gamers QB Joe Montana to score with 20 seconds left. The Gamers score with less than 5 seconds left to regain the lead and win the game. Participants \"Famers\" Matthew Bomer - Actor: \"White Collar\" Terry Crews - Actor: \"Are We There Yet?\" Willa Holland - Actress: Screen Gems\u2019 \"Straw Dogs\" Ryan McPartlin Rachel Nichols - Actress: \"Criminal Minds\" DT John Randle - Minnesota Vikings, Seattle Seahawks Jerry Rice RB Barry Sanders - Detroit Lions RB Herschel Walker - Dallas Cowboys, Minnesota Vikings, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Giants Kurt Warner Tony Dungy - NBC Analyst \"Gamers\" Rob Brown - Actor: \"Treme\" WR Tim Brown - Oakland Raiders, Tampa Bay Buccaneers Josh Charles - Actor: \"The Good Wife\" Zach Gilford - Actor: \"Friday Night Lights\""], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What sport did Kurt Warner play?", "answer": {"text": "quarterbacks", "answer_start": 1120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what did he do in post season", "answer": {"text": "On January 18, Warner threw for 279 yards, four touchdowns, and no interceptions against the Philadelphia Eagles to lead the Cardinals to their first Super Bowl appearance in history.", "answer_start": 913, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they win the superbowl?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "was he ever injured?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c22e3a77fd534514a8e9efdc4ab2ad75_0_q#0", "question": "What experiments did James Watt do?", "rewrite": "What experiments did James Watt do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Watt Library The Watt Library or Watt Monument Library in Greenock, Scotland, opened on its current site in 1837 and was the direct descendant of the Greenock Library, a subscription library founded in 1783. It closed as a subscription library in 1971 and re-opened as a public facility in 1973 under the name of the Watt Library, specialising in Local History and Archives. The building was designed in the Gothic revival style by architect Sir Edward Blore and is a listed building. It is currently undergoing refurbishment and is expected to re-open in 2019 as the Watt Institution, incorporating the McLean Museum. The Watt Library is the direct descendant of the Greenock Library, founded in 1783 as a subscription library. James Watt was a patron of the library and on his death, members of the James Watt Club proposed erecting a memorial to him in the form of a new library building and statue. The initial drawings for the building were created by William Burn but were not followed through, instead the drawings of Sir Edward Blore, who had completed Buckingham Palace, were used. The new library building was opened in 1837 with the statue being erected the following year. The building has been given Listed status, Category A by Historic Scotland. The Watt Library was closed for refurbishment in 2018 and will open again in 2019 incorporating the McLean Museum under the new name of the Watt Institution. This opening is timed to coincide with the year of celebrations marking the 200th anniversary of the death of James Watt after whom the library is named. In 2012, a rare book collection was discovered in a cupboard hidden by a plan chest by the Watt Library Archivist. The collection included volumes on surgery, witchcraft and exploration dating from the 17 and 18 century. Other notable discoveries included an illustrated edition of Paradise Lost from 1827 engraved by the artist John Martin, letters by Cicero from 1538 and a Hamnet edition of Shakespeare plays from the 19 century published in Greenock.", "HMS James Watt HMS \"James Watt\" was a 91-gun steam and sail-powered second rate ship of the line. She had originally been ordered as one of a two ship class, with her sister , under the name HMS \"Audacious\". She was renamed on 18 November 1847 in honour of James Watt, the purported inventor of the steam engine. (The steam engine was actually invented by Thomas Newcomen.) She was the only Royal Navy ship to bear this name. Both ships were reordered as screw propelled ships, \"James Watt\" in 1849, and \"Cressy\" in 1852. \"James Watt\" became one of the four-ship \"Agamemnon\"-class of ships of the line. They were initially planned as 80-gun ships, but the first two ships built to the design, and \"James Watt\", were rerated on 26 March 1851 to 91 guns ships, later followed by the remainder of the class. The ship had an overall length of 265 feet 3 inches, length between perpendiculars of 230 feet, and beam of 55 feet 5 inches. Her displacement was 3083 tons and her screw was driven by a 600 hp engine. She was built at the Royal Dockyard, Pembroke Dock, launched on 23 April 1853 and commissioned at Plymouth in January 1854 by Captain George Elliot. She served in the Baltic campaigns of 1854 and 1855, despite the poor performance of the ship, and the dissatisfaction of Vice-Admiral Charles Napier. Her machinery, taken second hand from the iron frigate , was found to be unsatisfactory. By 1856 alterations to the machinery had cost \u00a35,706, and from 1856 to 1857 she was commanded by Captain Talavera Anson. She was sold for breaking up to Castle, of Charlton in January 1875.", "James Watt College The James Watt College was a further education college in Greenock, Scotland. It is now part of West College Scotland. There were also campuses in Largs and Kilwinning which now form part of Ayrshire College as the result of the merger with Kilmarnock College and Ayr College. The James Watt Memorial College on the corner of William Street and Dalrymple Street was officially opened as the \"Watt Memorial Engineering and Navigation School\" on 1 June 1908. The building was constructed near the site of James Watt's birthplace (which was on the other side of William Street) and was built with funds donated by another famous Scot, Andrew Carnegie, who performed the opening ceremony, unveiling a statue of James Watt that stands prominently in the angle formed at the corner tower. H & D Barclay of Glasgow designed the original red sandstone building in a heavily ornamented Scottish baronial style, The corner is marked by an L-plan tower, the wing to William Street being capped by a crow step gable while the north wing has a conical roofed tower above a balustrade. The Dalrymple Street facade faces north out onto the main A8 road to Glasgow and is capped by a steep sloping roof up to an iron balustrade which protects a flat roof originally used to allow navigation students to take observations of the sun. The west corner features a corbelled corner turret with a conical roof. A later extension in William Street to the south of the tower is in a plainer more modern style. The building is now in use by Inverclyde Council local authority education department as office accommodation. Over the years, the changing demands of commerce and industry highlighted the need for a new, purpose built College.", "James Watt International Gold Medal The James Watt Medal is an award for excellence in engineering established in 1937, conferred by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in the United Kingdom. It is named after Scottish engineer James Watt (1736\u20131819) who developed the Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. The \"James Watt International Gold Medal\" is awarded by the British to an outstanding mechanical engineer. Recipients of the James Watt International Gold Medal are:  The \"James Watt Medal\" is also a lesser known award of the British Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) for energy engineers. From the Institution of Civil Engineers website: When he received the medal he had a smile ear to ear. He was the most thankful and kind person Birmingham has ever known. Recipients of the James Watt Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers include:", "James Watt junior James Watt Junior, FRS (5 February 1769 \u2013 2 June 1848) was a Scottish engineer, businessman and activist. He was born on 5 February 1769, the son of James Watt by his first wife Margaret Miller, and half-brother of Gregory Watt. He was educated at Winson Green near Birmingham, by Rev. Henry Pickering. His father was unable to find a better school, though dissatisfied with his son's progress. At age 15 Watt spent a year at the Bersham Ironworks of John Wilkinson; and then went to Geneva. There he lodged with Nicolas-Th\u00e9odore de Saussure, and knew Marc-Auguste Pictet and Jean-Andr\u00e9 Deluc. Subsequently, he studied German in Eisenach. In 1788 Watt returned to England and a position in the textile trade in Manchester. Initially he worked at Taylor & Maxwell, makers of fustian, where Charles Taylor was a partner. Watt worked there in the counting-house. He was then employed by the Manchester radical Thomas Walker, changing jobs just before the Priestley Riots of July 1791. The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society was just one of a number of intellectual groups in Manchester at that period: Walker, Watt, Thomas Cooper and Samuel Jackson were leaders in the discussion of liberal reform and the views of Adam Smith. Watt became secretary of the Society in 1790, with John Ferriar. At this point Watt's interests were rather broad: Jacob Joseph Winterl the Hungarian chemist, Christoph Meiners, the \"Dictionary of Chemistry\" started by James Keir. It was through Cooper that Watt joined the Constitutional Society, and then went to work for Richard & Thomas Walker. Cooper, Jackson and Walker were radicals and abolitionists, prominent in founding the Manchester Constitutional Society in 1790."], "answer": {"text": "He discovered that a mixture of salt, manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid could produce chlorine,", "answer_start": 504}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c22e3a77fd534514a8e9efdc4ab2ad75_0_q#1", "question": "And what did this contribution do?", "rewrite": "And what did James Watt's contribution do?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["James Watt College The James Watt College was a further education college in Greenock, Scotland. It is now part of West College Scotland. There were also campuses in Largs and Kilwinning which now form part of Ayrshire College as the result of the merger with Kilmarnock College and Ayr College. The James Watt Memorial College on the corner of William Street and Dalrymple Street was officially opened as the \"Watt Memorial Engineering and Navigation School\" on 1 June 1908. The building was constructed near the site of James Watt's birthplace (which was on the other side of William Street) and was built with funds donated by another famous Scot, Andrew Carnegie, who performed the opening ceremony, unveiling a statue of James Watt that stands prominently in the angle formed at the corner tower. H & D Barclay of Glasgow designed the original red sandstone building in a heavily ornamented Scottish baronial style, The corner is marked by an L-plan tower, the wing to William Street being capped by a crow step gable while the north wing has a conical roofed tower above a balustrade. The Dalrymple Street facade faces north out onto the main A8 road to Glasgow and is capped by a steep sloping roof up to an iron balustrade which protects a flat roof originally used to allow navigation students to take observations of the sun. The west corner features a corbelled corner turret with a conical roof. A later extension in William Street to the south of the tower is in a plainer more modern style. The building is now in use by Inverclyde Council local authority education department as office accommodation. Over the years, the changing demands of commerce and industry highlighted the need for a new, purpose built College.", "James Watt junior James Watt Junior, FRS (5 February 1769 \u2013 2 June 1848) was a Scottish engineer, businessman and activist. He was born on 5 February 1769, the son of James Watt by his first wife Margaret Miller, and half-brother of Gregory Watt. He was educated at Winson Green near Birmingham, by Rev. Henry Pickering. His father was unable to find a better school, though dissatisfied with his son's progress. At age 15 Watt spent a year at the Bersham Ironworks of John Wilkinson; and then went to Geneva. There he lodged with Nicolas-Th\u00e9odore de Saussure, and knew Marc-Auguste Pictet and Jean-Andr\u00e9 Deluc. Subsequently, he studied German in Eisenach. In 1788 Watt returned to England and a position in the textile trade in Manchester. Initially he worked at Taylor & Maxwell, makers of fustian, where Charles Taylor was a partner. Watt worked there in the counting-house. He was then employed by the Manchester radical Thomas Walker, changing jobs just before the Priestley Riots of July 1791. The Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society was just one of a number of intellectual groups in Manchester at that period: Walker, Watt, Thomas Cooper and Samuel Jackson were leaders in the discussion of liberal reform and the views of Adam Smith. Watt became secretary of the Society in 1790, with John Ferriar. At this point Watt's interests were rather broad: Jacob Joseph Winterl the Hungarian chemist, Christoph Meiners, the \"Dictionary of Chemistry\" started by James Keir. It was through Cooper that Watt joined the Constitutional Society, and then went to work for Richard & Thomas Walker. Cooper, Jackson and Walker were radicals and abolitionists, prominent in founding the Manchester Constitutional Society in 1790.", "James Watt International Gold Medal The James Watt Medal is an award for excellence in engineering established in 1937, conferred by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in the United Kingdom. It is named after Scottish engineer James Watt (1736\u20131819) who developed the Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. The \"James Watt International Gold Medal\" is awarded by the British to an outstanding mechanical engineer. Recipients of the James Watt International Gold Medal are:  The \"James Watt Medal\" is also a lesser known award of the British Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) for energy engineers. From the Institution of Civil Engineers website: When he received the medal he had a smile ear to ear. He was the most thankful and kind person Birmingham has ever known. Recipients of the James Watt Medal of the Institution of Civil Engineers include:", "Watt Library The Watt Library or Watt Monument Library in Greenock, Scotland, opened on its current site in 1837 and was the direct descendant of the Greenock Library, a subscription library founded in 1783. It closed as a subscription library in 1971 and re-opened as a public facility in 1973 under the name of the Watt Library, specialising in Local History and Archives. The building was designed in the Gothic revival style by architect Sir Edward Blore and is a listed building. It is currently undergoing refurbishment and is expected to re-open in 2019 as the Watt Institution, incorporating the McLean Museum. The Watt Library is the direct descendant of the Greenock Library, founded in 1783 as a subscription library. James Watt was a patron of the library and on his death, members of the James Watt Club proposed erecting a memorial to him in the form of a new library building and statue. The initial drawings for the building were created by William Burn but were not followed through, instead the drawings of Sir Edward Blore, who had completed Buckingham Palace, were used. The new library building was opened in 1837 with the statue being erected the following year. The building has been given Listed status, Category A by Historic Scotland. The Watt Library was closed for refurbishment in 2018 and will open again in 2019 incorporating the McLean Museum under the new name of the Watt Institution. This opening is timed to coincide with the year of celebrations marking the 200th anniversary of the death of James Watt after whom the library is named. In 2012, a rare book collection was discovered in a cupboard hidden by a plan chest by the Watt Library Archivist. The collection included volumes on surgery, witchcraft and exploration dating from the 17 and 18 century. Other notable discoveries included an illustrated edition of Paradise Lost from 1827 engraved by the artist John Martin, letters by Cicero from 1538 and a Hamnet edition of Shakespeare plays from the 19 century published in Greenock.", "HMS James Watt HMS \"James Watt\" was a 91-gun steam and sail-powered second rate ship of the line. She had originally been ordered as one of a two ship class, with her sister , under the name HMS \"Audacious\". She was renamed on 18 November 1847 in honour of James Watt, the purported inventor of the steam engine. (The steam engine was actually invented by Thomas Newcomen.) She was the only Royal Navy ship to bear this name. Both ships were reordered as screw propelled ships, \"James Watt\" in 1849, and \"Cressy\" in 1852. \"James Watt\" became one of the four-ship \"Agamemnon\"-class of ships of the line. They were initially planned as 80-gun ships, but the first two ships built to the design, and \"James Watt\", were rerated on 26 March 1851 to 91 guns ships, later followed by the remainder of the class. The ship had an overall length of 265 feet 3 inches, length between perpendiculars of 230 feet, and beam of 55 feet 5 inches. Her displacement was 3083 tons and her screw was driven by a 600 hp engine. She was built at the Royal Dockyard, Pembroke Dock, launched on 23 April 1853 and commissioned at Plymouth in January 1854 by Captain George Elliot. She served in the Baltic campaigns of 1854 and 1855, despite the poor performance of the ship, and the dissatisfaction of Vice-Admiral Charles Napier. Her machinery, taken second hand from the iron frigate , was found to be unsatisfactory. By 1856 alterations to the machinery had cost \u00a35,706, and from 1856 to 1857 she was commanded by Captain Talavera Anson. She was sold for breaking up to Castle, of Charlton in January 1875."], "answer": {"text": "By 1794 Watt had been chosen by Thomas Beddoes to manufacture apparatus to produce, clean and store gases for use in the new Pneumatic Institution at Hotwells in Bristol.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What experiments did James Watt do?", "answer": {"text": "He discovered that a mixture of salt, manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid could produce chlorine,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c22e3a77fd534514a8e9efdc4ab2ad75_0_q#2", "question": "Who else did Watt colaborate with?", "rewrite": "Aside from Thomas Beddoes, who else did Watts collaborate with?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Pneumatic Institution The Pneumatic Institution (also referred to as Pneumatic Institute) was a medical research facility in Bristol, England, in 1799\u20131802. It was established by physician and science writer Thomas Beddoes to study the medical effects of the gases that had recently been discovered. Humphry Davy headed the Institution's laboratory, examining the effects of laughing gas on himself and others, and James Watt designed much of the lab's equipment. After Lavoisier had established the role of oxygen in animal respiration, members of the Lunar Society, such as Joseph Priestley (who had co-discovered oxygen), originated pneumatic chemistry, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pneumatic Institution. Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, who was unusually educated about Chemistry, visited Thomas Beddoes in his laboratory in Hope Square, Bristol, in December 1793. He had set it up earlier that year to study possible medical uses of the recently discovered gases. During her second, extended, visit, \"the idea of replacing the existing outpatient facility with a hospital\u2014a Medical Pneumatic Institution\u2014was first formulated. \" In 1794, she tried to persuade Sir Joseph Banks, who was President of the Royal Society of London at the time, to lend support to Beddoes' efforts. Banks refused, citing scientific objections in addition to his political concerns about Beddoes' sympathising with the French revolution. Even a supporting request from Watt did not change Banks' mind. Beddoes had moved from Oxford in 1793 and established himself as a physician. He moved near to the Hotwells area of Bristol where many sufferers from tuberculosis were gathered in the hope of a cure.", "Thomas Lovell Beddoes Thomas Lovell Beddoes (30 June 1803 \u2013 26 January 1849) was an English poet, dramatist and physician. Born in Clifton, Bristol, England, he was the son of Dr. Thomas Beddoes, a friend of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Anna, sister of Maria Edgeworth. He was educated at Charterhouse and Pembroke College, Oxford. He published in 1821 \"The Improvisatore\", which he afterwards endeavoured to suppress. His next venture, a blank-verse drama called \"The Bride's Tragedy\" (1822), was published and well reviewed, and won for him the friendship of Barry Cornwall. Beddoes' work shows a constant preoccupation with death. In 1824, he went to G\u00f6ttingen to study medicine, motivated by his hope of discovering physical evidence of a human spirit which survives the death of the body. He was expelled, and then went to W\u00fcrzburg to complete his training. He then wandered about practising his profession, and expounding democratic theories which got him into trouble. He was deported from Bavaria in 1833, and had to leave Z\u00fcrich, where he had settled, in 1840. He continued to write, but published nothing. He led an itinerant life after leaving Switzerland, returning to England only in 1846, before going back to Germany. He became increasingly disturbed, and committed suicide by poison at Basel, in 1849, at the age of 45. For some time before his death he had been engaged on a drama, \"Death's Jest Book\", which was published in 1850 with a memoir by his friend, T. F. Kelsall. His \"Collected Poems\" were published in 1851. Critics have faulted Beddoes as a dramatist. According to Arthur Symons, \"of really dramatic power he had nothing.", "He served in the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for Helston in Cornwall from 1804 to 1806 and for Bodmin from 1806 to 1832. Giddy was an intimate friend of physician Thomas Beddoes, had attended Beddoes' lectures at Oxford when Beddoes had become University Reader in Chemistry in 1788 and had been a confidant of Beddoes in his plans for the Pneumatic Institution in Bristol. He noticed and encouraged Humphry Davy and convinced Beddoes that Davy was the man to work in the laboratory at the Institution. The \"Dictionary of National Biography\" article says of him: \"Gilbert's importance to the development of science in the early nineteenth century lay in his faith that science provided the best means to tackle practical problems and in his facility as a parliamentary promoter of scientific ventures.\" His mathematical skills were sought by such early engineering pioneers as Jonathan Hornblower, Richard Trevithick and Thomas Telford. He also had a great interest for the history and culture of Cornwall. For instance, he removed a Celtic cross from near Truro, on the Redruth Road (where it had found new use as a gatepost), and took it to a churchyard in his new home of Eastbourne. When asked why he carried off a Cornish Cross and re-erected it in Eastbourne by the Rev. Canon Hockin, of Phillack, Mr. Davies replied, \"It was to show the poor, ignorant folk that there was something bigger in the world than a flint!\" He assembled and published \"A Parochial History of Cornwall\" and collected and published a number of Cornish Carols. He edited for publication a Cornish Language poem about the Passion: \"Passyon agan Arluth\", as \"Mount Calvary\" (1826). He was elected to the Society of Antiquaries in 1820.", "Thomas Beddoes Thomas Beddoes (13 April 1760 \u2013 24 December 1808) was an English physician and scientific writer. He was born in Shifnal, Shropshire and died in Bristol fifteen years after opening his medical practice there. He was a reforming practitioner and teacher of medicine, and an associate of leading scientific figures. He worked to treat tuberculosis. Beddoes was a friend of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and, according to E. S. Shaffer, an important influence on Coleridge's early thinking, introducing him to the higher criticism. The poet Thomas Lovell Beddoes was his son. A painting of him by Samson Towgood Roch is in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Beddoes was born in Shifnal on 13 April 1760 at Balcony House. He was educated at Bridgnorth Grammar School and Pembroke College, Oxford. He enrolled in the University of Edinburgh's medical course in the early 1780s. There he was taught chemistry by Joseph Black and natural history by Kendall Walker. He also studied medicine in London under John Sheldon. In 1784 he published a translation of Lazzaro Spallanzani's \"Dissertations on Natural History\", and in 1785 produced a translation, with original notes, of Torbern Olof Bergman's \"Essays on Elective Attractions\". He took his degree of doctor of medicine at Pembroke College, Oxford University in 1786. In 1794, he married Anna, daughter of his associate at the Bristol Pneumatic Institution, Richard Lovell Edgeworth. Their son, poet Thomas Lovell Beddoes, was born in 1803 in Bristol. Beddoes visited Paris after 1786, where he became acquainted with Lavoisier. Beddoes was appointed professor of chemistry at Oxford University in 1788.", "Since the cause of gout was then held to be a problem of excess, he was put on a strict vegetable diet with no wine or alcohol for a year, but instead of the promised cure, he had four \"exceedingly violent\" episodes. This led him to consider the effects of different foods and drinks and try a different approach, that of an invigorating or stimulating diet which proved successful. According to the \"Encyclop\u00e6dia Perthensis\", \"Thus, from personal experience of the inefficacy of the former medical practice in the gout, he was led to review the whole old system of medicine.\" Brown's \"Elementa Medicinae\" was published in 1780 and followed several years later by Brown's own version in English. Brown did not live to see his work achieve any great acceptance, but in 1795, Dr. Thomas Beddoes, one of the leading physicians of his day, undertook a translation (claiming Brown's was deficient), accompanied by an extensive introduction to explain Brown's system. Beddoes was also a close friend of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and did much to introduce him to Brown's ideas as well as to the various German writings on the Brunonian system, which appeared suddenly after 1795 as well, mainly through the writings of Dr. Andreas R\u00f6schlaub. One source states that Beddoes' influence was \"the most likely source\" of Coleridge's plan to go to Germany, and that Coleridge's philosophical interests there were often \"anchored in medical debates.\" (Coleridge, Thomas Beddoes and Brunonian Medicine), Coleridge several times refers to Brown as a genius. Coleridge then discusses the Brunonian system in lengthy notebook entries from his time in G\u00f6ttingen."], "answer": {"text": "He soon communicated these results to James McGrigor, his father-in-law, who was a bleacher in Glasgow.", "answer_start": 785}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What experiments did James Watt do?", "answer": {"text": "He discovered that a mixture of salt, manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid could produce chlorine,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what did this contribution do?", "answer": {"text": "By 1794 Watt had been chosen by Thomas Beddoes to manufacture apparatus to produce, clean and store gases for use in the new Pneumatic Institution at Hotwells in Bristol.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_c22e3a77fd534514a8e9efdc4ab2ad75_0_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Aside from James Watt's discovery of how to produce chlorine and his collaborations with Thomas Beddoes and James McGrigor, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Nitrous oxide supports combustion by releasing the dipolar bonded oxygen radical, and can thus relight a glowing splint. The above reaction is the route adopted by the commercial chemical industry to produce azide salts, which are used as detonators. The gas was first synthesised in 1772 by English natural philosopher and chemist Joseph Priestley who called it \"phlogisticated nitrous air\" (see phlogiston theory) or \"inflammable nitrous air\". Priestley published his discovery in the book \"Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air (1775)\", where he described how to produce the preparation of \"nitrous air diminished\", by heating iron filings dampened with nitric acid. The first important use of nitrous oxide was made possible by Thomas Beddoes and James Watt, who worked together to publish the book \"Considerations on the Medical Use and on the Production of Factitious Airs (1794)\". This book was important for two reasons. First, James Watt had invented a novel machine to produce \"Factitious Airs\" (i.e. nitrous oxide) and a novel \"breathing apparatus\" to inhale the gas. Second, the book also presented the new medical theories by Thomas Beddoes, that tuberculosis and other lung diseases could be treated by inhalation of \"Factitious Airs\". The machine to produce \"Factitious Airs\" had three parts: a furnace to burn the needed material, a vessel with water where the produced gas passed through in a spiral pipe (for impurities to be \"washed off\"), and finally the gas cylinder with a gasometer where the gas produced, \"air\", could be tapped into portable air bags (made of airtight oily silk).", "From an early age Watt was very interested in chemistry. In late 1786, while in Paris, he witnessed an experiment by Berthollet in which he reacted hydrochloric acid with manganese dioxide to produce chlorine. He had already found that an aqueous solution of chlorine could bleach textiles, and had published his findings, which aroused great interest among many potential rivals. When Watt returned to Britain, he began experiments along these lines with hopes of finding a commercially viable process. He discovered that a mixture of salt, manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid could produce chlorine, which Watt believed might be a cheaper method. He passed the chlorine into a weak solution of alkali, and obtained a turbid solution that appeared to have good bleaching properties. He soon communicated these results to James McGrigor, his father-in-law, who was a bleacher in Glasgow. Otherwise he tried to keep his method a secret. With McGrigor and his wife Annie, he started to scale up the process, and in March 1788, McGrigor was able to bleach 1500 yards of cloth to his satisfaction. About this time Berthollet discovered the salt and sulphuric acid process, and published it so it became public knowledge. Many others began to experiment with improving the process, which still had many shortcomings, not the least of which was the problem of transporting the liquid product. Watt's rivals soon overtook him in developing the process, and he dropped out of the race. It was not until 1799, when Charles Tennant patented a process for producing solid bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite) that it became a commercial success.", "He passed the chlorine into a weak solution of alkali, and obtained a turbid solution that appeared to have good bleaching properties. He soon communicated these results to James McGrigor, his father-in-law, who was a bleacher in Glasgow. Otherwise he tried to keep his method a secret. With McGrigor and his wife Annie, he started to scale up the process, and in March 1788, McGrigor was able to bleach 1500 yards of cloth to his satisfaction. About this time Berthollet discovered the salt and sulphuric acid process, and published it so it became public knowledge. Many others began to experiment with improving the process, which still had many shortcomings, not the least of which was the problem of transporting the liquid product. Watt's rivals soon overtook him in developing the process, and he dropped out of the race. It was not until 1799, when Charles Tennant patented a process for producing solid bleaching powder (calcium hypochlorite) that it became a commercial success. By 1794 Watt had been chosen by Thomas Beddoes to manufacture apparatus to produce, clean and store gases for use in the new Pneumatic Institution at Hotwells in Bristol. Watt continued to experiment with various gases for several years, but by 1797 the medical uses for the \"factitious airs\" had come to a dead end. Watt combined theoretical knowledge of science with the ability to apply it practically. Humphry Davy said of him \"Those who consider James Watt only as a great practical mechanic form a very erroneous idea of his character; he was equally distinguished as a natural philosopher and a chemist, and his inventions demonstrate his profound knowledge of those sciences, and that peculiar characteristic of genius, the union of them for practical application\".", "Pneumatic Institution The Pneumatic Institution (also referred to as Pneumatic Institute) was a medical research facility in Bristol, England, in 1799\u20131802. It was established by physician and science writer Thomas Beddoes to study the medical effects of the gases that had recently been discovered. Humphry Davy headed the Institution's laboratory, examining the effects of laughing gas on himself and others, and James Watt designed much of the lab's equipment. After Lavoisier had established the role of oxygen in animal respiration, members of the Lunar Society, such as Joseph Priestley (who had co-discovered oxygen), originated pneumatic chemistry, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pneumatic Institution. Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, who was unusually educated about Chemistry, visited Thomas Beddoes in his laboratory in Hope Square, Bristol, in December 1793. He had set it up earlier that year to study possible medical uses of the recently discovered gases. During her second, extended, visit, \"the idea of replacing the existing outpatient facility with a hospital\u2014a Medical Pneumatic Institution\u2014was first formulated. \" In 1794, she tried to persuade Sir Joseph Banks, who was President of the Royal Society of London at the time, to lend support to Beddoes' efforts. Banks refused, citing scientific objections in addition to his political concerns about Beddoes' sympathising with the French revolution. Even a supporting request from Watt did not change Banks' mind. Beddoes had moved from Oxford in 1793 and established himself as a physician. He moved near to the Hotwells area of Bristol where many sufferers from tuberculosis were gathered in the hope of a cure.", "Thomas Beddoes Thomas Beddoes (13 April 1760 \u2013 24 December 1808) was an English physician and scientific writer. He was born in Shifnal, Shropshire and died in Bristol fifteen years after opening his medical practice there. He was a reforming practitioner and teacher of medicine, and an associate of leading scientific figures. He worked to treat tuberculosis. Beddoes was a friend of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and, according to E. S. Shaffer, an important influence on Coleridge's early thinking, introducing him to the higher criticism. The poet Thomas Lovell Beddoes was his son. A painting of him by Samson Towgood Roch is in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Beddoes was born in Shifnal on 13 April 1760 at Balcony House. He was educated at Bridgnorth Grammar School and Pembroke College, Oxford. He enrolled in the University of Edinburgh's medical course in the early 1780s. There he was taught chemistry by Joseph Black and natural history by Kendall Walker. He also studied medicine in London under John Sheldon. In 1784 he published a translation of Lazzaro Spallanzani's \"Dissertations on Natural History\", and in 1785 produced a translation, with original notes, of Torbern Olof Bergman's \"Essays on Elective Attractions\". He took his degree of doctor of medicine at Pembroke College, Oxford University in 1786. In 1794, he married Anna, daughter of his associate at the Bristol Pneumatic Institution, Richard Lovell Edgeworth. Their son, poet Thomas Lovell Beddoes, was born in 1803 in Bristol. Beddoes visited Paris after 1786, where he became acquainted with Lavoisier. Beddoes was appointed professor of chemistry at Oxford University in 1788."], "answer": {"text": "Watt continued to experiment with various gases for several years, but by 1797 the medical uses for the \"factitious airs\" had come to a dead end.", "answer_start": 171}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What experiments did James Watt do?", "answer": {"text": "He discovered that a mixture of salt, manganese dioxide and sulphuric acid could produce chlorine,", "answer_start": 504, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "And what did this contribution do?", "answer": {"text": "By 1794 Watt had been chosen by Thomas Beddoes to manufacture apparatus to produce, clean and store gases for use in the new Pneumatic Institution at Hotwells in Bristol.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Who else did Watt colaborate with?", "answer": {"text": "He soon communicated these results to James McGrigor, his father-in-law, who was a bleacher in Glasgow.", "answer_start": 785, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#0", "question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "rewrite": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Eakins House The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), one of the most influential American artist of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative. The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city's Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels. The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home. The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.", "In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams is the title given to two separate oil on canvas paintings by Thomas Eakins, each depicting Mary Adeline Williams (1853\u20131941), known familiarly to the Eakins family as \"Addie\". The first painting, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, was completed in 1899, and portrays the subject with a serious demeanor. The second portrait, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, was painted in 1900, and is more emotionally expressive. The contrast between the paintings has been called \"Perhaps the most famous example of Eakins's transforming a sitter dramatically while maintaining the effect of severe realism.\" Mary Adeline Williams was a longtime friend of the Eakins family, a best friend to Eakins' younger sister Margaret, and a distant relation through marriage; she would later say that Thomas Eakins \"was like a big brother to me. \" As early as 1867 Eakins took a protective interest in her, writing to his sister Fanny: \" She is a pretty little girl & I guess just as good as she is pretty, or she belies her blood. We owe a great deal to her father & mother for their unvarying disinterested kindness to us... Try to make her welcome whenever she comes to town.\" Williams never married, and for some years worked as a seamstress and made corsets. In 1882 Thomas Eakins' father Benjamin invited her to live in the Eakins' home in Philadelphia; Williams demurred, and moved to Chicago, where she lived for six years with one of her brothers. During this time she and Eakins maintained a written correspondence, and the friendship with Eakins' family was further renewed when she returned to Philadelphia in the late 1890s.", "List of works by Thomas Eakins This is a list of professionally authenticated paintings, drawings, and sculptures by Thomas Eakins. As there is no catalogue raisonn\u00e9 of Eakins' works, this is an aggregation of existing published catalogs. During his lifetime, Thomas Eakins sold few paintings. On his death, ownership of his unsold works passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins, who kept them in their Philadelphia home. She dedicated the remaining years of her life to burnishing his legacy. In this, she was quite successful; in the period between Thomas Eakins' death and her own, she donated many of the strongest remaining pictures to museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art benefited particularly from these donations. After Susan Macdowell Eakins' death in 1938, her executors emptied the house of anything which could be sold at auction. When former Eakins student Charles Bregler arrived at the house after it had been stripped he was horrified at what he found, describing it as the \"most tragic and pitiful sight I ever saw. Every room was cluttered with debris as all the contents of the various drawers, closets etc were thrown upon the floor as they removed the furniture. All the life casts were smashed... I never want to see anything like this again. \" The number of works lost or destroyed at this time will never be known. Bregler carefully collected what was left. Most of what remained were drawings and other preparatory studies. He was highly secretive about the contents of his collection and rarely allowed anyone to see it. After Bregler's death, ownership of the collection passed to his second wife, Mary Louise Picozzi Bregler, who was even more guarded as to its contents."], "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#1", "question": "How old was Eakins?", "rewrite": "How old was Eakins in 1871?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987.", "Although the theme of male bathers was familiar in Western art, having been explored by artists from Michelangelo to Daumier, Eakins' treatment was novel in American art at the time. \" The Swimming Hole\" has been \"widely cited as a prime example of homoeroticism in American art\". In 2008, the art critic Tom Lubbock described Eakins' work as: Eakins referred to the painting as \"Swimming\" in 1885, and as \"The Swimmers\" in 1886. The title \"The Swimming Hole\" dates from 1917 (the year after Eakins died), when the work was so described by the artist's widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins. Four years later, she titled the work \"The Old Swimming Hole\", in reference to the 1882 poem \" The Old Swimmin'-Hole\"; by James Whitcomb Riley. The Amon Carter Museum has since returned to Eakins' original title, \"Swimming\". The painting shows Eakins and five friends or students bathing at Dove Lake, an artificial lake in Mill Creek outside Philadelphia. Each of the men is looking at the water, in the words of Martin A. Berger, \"apparently lost in a contemplative moment\". Eakins' precise rendering of the figures has enabled scholars to identify all those depicted in the work. They are (from left to right): Talcott Williams (1849\u20131928), Benjamin Fox ( c. 1865 \u2013 c. 1900), J. Laurie Wallace (1864\u20131953), Jesse Godley (1862\u20131889), Harry the dog (Eakins' Irish Setter, c. 1880\u201390), George Reynolds (c. 1839\u201389), and Eakins himself. The rocky promontory on which several of the men rest is the foundation of the Mill Creek mill, which was razed in 1873.", "Eakins's relationship with Mary Adeline Williams has been the subject of a decades-long debate among art historians. Eakins biographer Lloyd Goodrich conducted interviews with many of Eakins's surviving friends and family members about a decade after Eakins's death. Goodrich himself thought a sexual relationship was unlikely, believing that Eakins would not be inclined to participate in an extramarital affair in his own home. However, he found that many of Eakins's friends believed that his relationship with Williams was sexual in nature. Eakins' student and confidante Samuel Murray stated publicly that he believed the relationship between artist and sitter was sexual, and one of Eakins' nephews believed that Eakins, his wife, and Addie were engaged in a m\u00e9nage \u00e0 trois. Other Eakins acquaintances, such as Lucy W. Langdon Wilson, disagreed, noting that Eakins was not interested in seduction, and if a sexual situation developed, she believed \"he would leave before the critical moment. \" It is possible that the portraits reflect Eakins's responsiveness to Williams' varied emotional conditions, rather than recording the effects of a physical relationship. The 1899 portrait of Williams depicts her wearing a pleated black dress with a high white collar. Her hair is in a tight bun, set against a dark brown background. Williams is turned slightly to the right, with a strong light cast on that side of her body. Her lips are pursed and her brow is furled; her expression is nearly a scowl. Dark circles are visible under her eyes. The 1900 portrait depicts Williams from the left side. She is wearing a black dress with red stripes, a pair of red ribbon bowties, and a red ribbon around her neck. Williams's hair is worn down, set against a dark brown background. Her cheek is slightly sunken.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "Amelia Van Buren Amelia C. Van Buren ( \u2013 1942) was an American photographer. A noted portrait photographer , she was a student of Thomas Eakins, and the subject of his c. 1891 painting \"Miss Amelia Van Buren\", regarded as one of his finest works. Van Buren was born in Detroit, Michigan. Both her parents died sometime prior to 1884, when she began attending the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. She had already been exhibiting her artwork in Detroit for at least four years prior to attending the Academy. Her talent soon led Eakins to tutor her personally, including controversial lessons using nude models, male and female. In 1885\u201386, several of Eakins's former art students (including Thomas Pollock Anshutz and Colin Campbell Cooper) conspired to have Eakins fired from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. They approached the Academy's Committee on Instruction, and made numerous charges against Eakins. They alleged that Eakins had used female students, including Van Buren, as nude models. Another highly inflammatory charge was that Van Buren had asked Eakins a question regarding pelvic movements, which Eakins answered by removing his pants and demonstrating the movements. He later insisted that the episode was completely professional in nature. The committee left Eakins under the impression that the charges had been filed by Van Buren, who had moved to Detroit to recover from neurasthenia. That, however, was not the case, as she greatly respected Eakins and in years to come would defend him at every opportunity, as well as express pride in owning pieces of his artwork. After recovering, Van Buren returned to Philadelphia, where she continued in her studies under Eakins at the Art Students' League of Philadelphia. Van Buren and Eakins stayed in close contact for a number of years afterward."], "answer": {"text": "made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with", "answer_start": 1242}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#2", "question": "What was a name of one of his first works?", "rewrite": "What was a name of one of Thomas Eakins' first works?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Eakins House The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), one of the most influential American artist of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative. The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city's Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels. The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home. The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "List of works by Thomas Eakins This is a list of professionally authenticated paintings, drawings, and sculptures by Thomas Eakins. As there is no catalogue raisonn\u00e9 of Eakins' works, this is an aggregation of existing published catalogs. During his lifetime, Thomas Eakins sold few paintings. On his death, ownership of his unsold works passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins, who kept them in their Philadelphia home. She dedicated the remaining years of her life to burnishing his legacy. In this, she was quite successful; in the period between Thomas Eakins' death and her own, she donated many of the strongest remaining pictures to museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art benefited particularly from these donations. After Susan Macdowell Eakins' death in 1938, her executors emptied the house of anything which could be sold at auction. When former Eakins student Charles Bregler arrived at the house after it had been stripped he was horrified at what he found, describing it as the \"most tragic and pitiful sight I ever saw. Every room was cluttered with debris as all the contents of the various drawers, closets etc were thrown upon the floor as they removed the furniture. All the life casts were smashed... I never want to see anything like this again. \" The number of works lost or destroyed at this time will never be known. Bregler carefully collected what was left. Most of what remained were drawings and other preparatory studies. He was highly secretive about the contents of his collection and rarely allowed anyone to see it. After Bregler's death, ownership of the collection passed to his second wife, Mary Louise Picozzi Bregler, who was even more guarded as to its contents.", "In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987.", "Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams is the title given to two separate oil on canvas paintings by Thomas Eakins, each depicting Mary Adeline Williams (1853\u20131941), known familiarly to the Eakins family as \"Addie\". The first painting, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, was completed in 1899, and portrays the subject with a serious demeanor. The second portrait, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, was painted in 1900, and is more emotionally expressive. The contrast between the paintings has been called \"Perhaps the most famous example of Eakins's transforming a sitter dramatically while maintaining the effect of severe realism.\" Mary Adeline Williams was a longtime friend of the Eakins family, a best friend to Eakins' younger sister Margaret, and a distant relation through marriage; she would later say that Thomas Eakins \"was like a big brother to me. \" As early as 1867 Eakins took a protective interest in her, writing to his sister Fanny: \" She is a pretty little girl & I guess just as good as she is pretty, or she belies her blood. We owe a great deal to her father & mother for their unvarying disinterested kindness to us... Try to make her welcome whenever she comes to town.\" Williams never married, and for some years worked as a seamstress and made corsets. In 1882 Thomas Eakins' father Benjamin invited her to live in the Eakins' home in Philadelphia; Williams demurred, and moved to Chicago, where she lived for six years with one of her brothers. During this time she and Eakins maintained a written correspondence, and the friendship with Eakins' family was further renewed when she returned to Philadelphia in the late 1890s."], "answer": {"text": "Home Scene (1871), Elizabeth at the Piano (1875),", "answer_start": 1412}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was Eakins?", "answer": {"text": "made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#3", "question": "What kind of materials did he use?", "rewrite": "What kind of materials did Thomas Eakins use?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Eakins House The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), one of the most influential American artist of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative. The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city's Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels. The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home. The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.", "Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams is the title given to two separate oil on canvas paintings by Thomas Eakins, each depicting Mary Adeline Williams (1853\u20131941), known familiarly to the Eakins family as \"Addie\". The first painting, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, was completed in 1899, and portrays the subject with a serious demeanor. The second portrait, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, was painted in 1900, and is more emotionally expressive. The contrast between the paintings has been called \"Perhaps the most famous example of Eakins's transforming a sitter dramatically while maintaining the effect of severe realism.\" Mary Adeline Williams was a longtime friend of the Eakins family, a best friend to Eakins' younger sister Margaret, and a distant relation through marriage; she would later say that Thomas Eakins \"was like a big brother to me. \" As early as 1867 Eakins took a protective interest in her, writing to his sister Fanny: \" She is a pretty little girl & I guess just as good as she is pretty, or she belies her blood. We owe a great deal to her father & mother for their unvarying disinterested kindness to us... Try to make her welcome whenever she comes to town.\" Williams never married, and for some years worked as a seamstress and made corsets. In 1882 Thomas Eakins' father Benjamin invited her to live in the Eakins' home in Philadelphia; Williams demurred, and moved to Chicago, where she lived for six years with one of her brothers. During this time she and Eakins maintained a written correspondence, and the friendship with Eakins' family was further renewed when she returned to Philadelphia in the late 1890s.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987.", "List of works by Thomas Eakins This is a list of professionally authenticated paintings, drawings, and sculptures by Thomas Eakins. As there is no catalogue raisonn\u00e9 of Eakins' works, this is an aggregation of existing published catalogs. During his lifetime, Thomas Eakins sold few paintings. On his death, ownership of his unsold works passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins, who kept them in their Philadelphia home. She dedicated the remaining years of her life to burnishing his legacy. In this, she was quite successful; in the period between Thomas Eakins' death and her own, she donated many of the strongest remaining pictures to museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art benefited particularly from these donations. After Susan Macdowell Eakins' death in 1938, her executors emptied the house of anything which could be sold at auction. When former Eakins student Charles Bregler arrived at the house after it had been stripped he was horrified at what he found, describing it as the \"most tragic and pitiful sight I ever saw. Every room was cluttered with debris as all the contents of the various drawers, closets etc were thrown upon the floor as they removed the furniture. All the life casts were smashed... I never want to see anything like this again. \" The number of works lost or destroyed at this time will never be known. Bregler carefully collected what was left. Most of what remained were drawings and other preparatory studies. He was highly secretive about the contents of his collection and rarely allowed anyone to see it. After Bregler's death, ownership of the collection passed to his second wife, Mary Louise Picozzi Bregler, who was even more guarded as to its contents."], "answer": {"text": "these initial ventures into outdoor themes,", "answer_start": 1247}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was Eakins?", "answer": {"text": "made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a name of one of his first works?", "answer": {"text": "Home Scene (1871), Elizabeth at the Piano (1875),", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#4", "question": "What outdoor themes did he use?", "rewrite": "What outdoor themes did Thomas Eakins use?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of works by Thomas Eakins This is a list of professionally authenticated paintings, drawings, and sculptures by Thomas Eakins. As there is no catalogue raisonn\u00e9 of Eakins' works, this is an aggregation of existing published catalogs. During his lifetime, Thomas Eakins sold few paintings. On his death, ownership of his unsold works passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins, who kept them in their Philadelphia home. She dedicated the remaining years of her life to burnishing his legacy. In this, she was quite successful; in the period between Thomas Eakins' death and her own, she donated many of the strongest remaining pictures to museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art benefited particularly from these donations. After Susan Macdowell Eakins' death in 1938, her executors emptied the house of anything which could be sold at auction. When former Eakins student Charles Bregler arrived at the house after it had been stripped he was horrified at what he found, describing it as the \"most tragic and pitiful sight I ever saw. Every room was cluttered with debris as all the contents of the various drawers, closets etc were thrown upon the floor as they removed the furniture. All the life casts were smashed... I never want to see anything like this again. \" The number of works lost or destroyed at this time will never be known. Bregler carefully collected what was left. Most of what remained were drawings and other preparatory studies. He was highly secretive about the contents of his collection and rarely allowed anyone to see it. After Bregler's death, ownership of the collection passed to his second wife, Mary Louise Picozzi Bregler, who was even more guarded as to its contents.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams is the title given to two separate oil on canvas paintings by Thomas Eakins, each depicting Mary Adeline Williams (1853\u20131941), known familiarly to the Eakins family as \"Addie\". The first painting, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, was completed in 1899, and portrays the subject with a serious demeanor. The second portrait, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, was painted in 1900, and is more emotionally expressive. The contrast between the paintings has been called \"Perhaps the most famous example of Eakins's transforming a sitter dramatically while maintaining the effect of severe realism.\" Mary Adeline Williams was a longtime friend of the Eakins family, a best friend to Eakins' younger sister Margaret, and a distant relation through marriage; she would later say that Thomas Eakins \"was like a big brother to me. \" As early as 1867 Eakins took a protective interest in her, writing to his sister Fanny: \" She is a pretty little girl & I guess just as good as she is pretty, or she belies her blood. We owe a great deal to her father & mother for their unvarying disinterested kindness to us... Try to make her welcome whenever she comes to town.\" Williams never married, and for some years worked as a seamstress and made corsets. In 1882 Thomas Eakins' father Benjamin invited her to live in the Eakins' home in Philadelphia; Williams demurred, and moved to Chicago, where she lived for six years with one of her brothers. During this time she and Eakins maintained a written correspondence, and the friendship with Eakins' family was further renewed when she returned to Philadelphia in the late 1890s.", "Thomas Eakins House The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), one of the most influential American artist of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative. The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city's Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels. The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home. The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.", "In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987."], "answer": {"text": "produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with his father, his sisters or friends as the subjects.", "answer_start": 1298}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was Eakins?", "answer": {"text": "made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a name of one of his first works?", "answer": {"text": "Home Scene (1871), Elizabeth at the Piano (1875),", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of materials did he use?", "answer": {"text": "these initial ventures into outdoor themes,", "answer_start": 1247, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#5", "question": "What awards if any did he win?", "rewrite": "What awards if any did Thomas Eakins win?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams is the title given to two separate oil on canvas paintings by Thomas Eakins, each depicting Mary Adeline Williams (1853\u20131941), known familiarly to the Eakins family as \"Addie\". The first painting, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, was completed in 1899, and portrays the subject with a serious demeanor. The second portrait, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, was painted in 1900, and is more emotionally expressive. The contrast between the paintings has been called \"Perhaps the most famous example of Eakins's transforming a sitter dramatically while maintaining the effect of severe realism.\" Mary Adeline Williams was a longtime friend of the Eakins family, a best friend to Eakins' younger sister Margaret, and a distant relation through marriage; she would later say that Thomas Eakins \"was like a big brother to me. \" As early as 1867 Eakins took a protective interest in her, writing to his sister Fanny: \" She is a pretty little girl & I guess just as good as she is pretty, or she belies her blood. We owe a great deal to her father & mother for their unvarying disinterested kindness to us... Try to make her welcome whenever she comes to town.\" Williams never married, and for some years worked as a seamstress and made corsets. In 1882 Thomas Eakins' father Benjamin invited her to live in the Eakins' home in Philadelphia; Williams demurred, and moved to Chicago, where she lived for six years with one of her brothers. During this time she and Eakins maintained a written correspondence, and the friendship with Eakins' family was further renewed when she returned to Philadelphia in the late 1890s.", "List of works by Thomas Eakins This is a list of professionally authenticated paintings, drawings, and sculptures by Thomas Eakins. As there is no catalogue raisonn\u00e9 of Eakins' works, this is an aggregation of existing published catalogs. During his lifetime, Thomas Eakins sold few paintings. On his death, ownership of his unsold works passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins, who kept them in their Philadelphia home. She dedicated the remaining years of her life to burnishing his legacy. In this, she was quite successful; in the period between Thomas Eakins' death and her own, she donated many of the strongest remaining pictures to museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art benefited particularly from these donations. After Susan Macdowell Eakins' death in 1938, her executors emptied the house of anything which could be sold at auction. When former Eakins student Charles Bregler arrived at the house after it had been stripped he was horrified at what he found, describing it as the \"most tragic and pitiful sight I ever saw. Every room was cluttered with debris as all the contents of the various drawers, closets etc were thrown upon the floor as they removed the furniture. All the life casts were smashed... I never want to see anything like this again. \" The number of works lost or destroyed at this time will never be known. Bregler carefully collected what was left. Most of what remained were drawings and other preparatory studies. He was highly secretive about the contents of his collection and rarely allowed anyone to see it. After Bregler's death, ownership of the collection passed to his second wife, Mary Louise Picozzi Bregler, who was even more guarded as to its contents.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "Thomas Eakins House The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), one of the most influential American artist of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative. The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city's Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels. The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home. The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.", "In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987."], "answer": {"text": "). Most critics judged the rowing pictures successful and auspicious, but after the initial flourish,", "answer_start": 1034}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was Eakins?", "answer": {"text": "made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a name of one of his first works?", "answer": {"text": "Home Scene (1871), Elizabeth at the Piano (1875),", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of materials did he use?", "answer": {"text": "these initial ventures into outdoor themes,", "answer_start": 1247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What outdoor themes did he use?", "answer": {"text": "produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with his father, his sisters or friends as the subjects.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#6", "question": "Did he go to school for art?", "rewrite": "Did Thomas Eakins go to school for art?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams is the title given to two separate oil on canvas paintings by Thomas Eakins, each depicting Mary Adeline Williams (1853\u20131941), known familiarly to the Eakins family as \"Addie\". The first painting, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, was completed in 1899, and portrays the subject with a serious demeanor. The second portrait, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, was painted in 1900, and is more emotionally expressive. The contrast between the paintings has been called \"Perhaps the most famous example of Eakins's transforming a sitter dramatically while maintaining the effect of severe realism.\" Mary Adeline Williams was a longtime friend of the Eakins family, a best friend to Eakins' younger sister Margaret, and a distant relation through marriage; she would later say that Thomas Eakins \"was like a big brother to me. \" As early as 1867 Eakins took a protective interest in her, writing to his sister Fanny: \" She is a pretty little girl & I guess just as good as she is pretty, or she belies her blood. We owe a great deal to her father & mother for their unvarying disinterested kindness to us... Try to make her welcome whenever she comes to town.\" Williams never married, and for some years worked as a seamstress and made corsets. In 1882 Thomas Eakins' father Benjamin invited her to live in the Eakins' home in Philadelphia; Williams demurred, and moved to Chicago, where she lived for six years with one of her brothers. During this time she and Eakins maintained a written correspondence, and the friendship with Eakins' family was further renewed when she returned to Philadelphia in the late 1890s.", "Thomas Eakins House The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), one of the most influential American artist of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative. The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city's Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels. The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home. The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.", "List of works by Thomas Eakins This is a list of professionally authenticated paintings, drawings, and sculptures by Thomas Eakins. As there is no catalogue raisonn\u00e9 of Eakins' works, this is an aggregation of existing published catalogs. During his lifetime, Thomas Eakins sold few paintings. On his death, ownership of his unsold works passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins, who kept them in their Philadelphia home. She dedicated the remaining years of her life to burnishing his legacy. In this, she was quite successful; in the period between Thomas Eakins' death and her own, she donated many of the strongest remaining pictures to museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art benefited particularly from these donations. After Susan Macdowell Eakins' death in 1938, her executors emptied the house of anything which could be sold at auction. When former Eakins student Charles Bregler arrived at the house after it had been stripped he was horrified at what he found, describing it as the \"most tragic and pitiful sight I ever saw. Every room was cluttered with debris as all the contents of the various drawers, closets etc were thrown upon the floor as they removed the furniture. All the life casts were smashed... I never want to see anything like this again. \" The number of works lost or destroyed at this time will never be known. Bregler carefully collected what was left. Most of what remained were drawings and other preparatory studies. He was highly secretive about the contents of his collection and rarely allowed anyone to see it. After Bregler's death, ownership of the collection passed to his second wife, Mary Louise Picozzi Bregler, who was even more guarded as to its contents."], "answer": {"text": "of Eakins' academic training in Paris.", "answer_start": 722}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was Eakins?", "answer": {"text": "made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a name of one of his first works?", "answer": {"text": "Home Scene (1871), Elizabeth at the Piano (1875),", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of materials did he use?", "answer": {"text": "these initial ventures into outdoor themes,", "answer_start": 1247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What outdoor themes did he use?", "answer": {"text": "produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with his father, his sisters or friends as the subjects.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards if any did he win?", "answer": {"text": "). Most critics judged the rowing pictures successful and auspicious, but after the initial flourish,", "answer_start": 1034, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_44728e51c15844edbb0ae8d5134d37e6_1_q#7", "question": "How many years?", "rewrite": "How many years did Thomas Eakins go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Thomas Eakins House The Thomas Eakins House is a historic house at 1727-29 Mount Vernon Street in the Spring Garden section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Built about 1854, it was for most of his life the home of Thomas Eakins (1844-1916), one of the most influential American artist of the late 19th century. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965, and is now home to a local artist cooperative. The Thomas Eakins House is located north of downtown Philadelphia, on the north side of Mount Vernon Street between North 18th and 17th Streets in the city's Spring Garden neighborhood. It is a four-story rowhouse, its first three stories brick and the fourth floor of wood frame construction. The front facade is three bays wide, with the main entrance in the right bay. Windows are set in rectangular openings, with simple marble sills and lintels. The rowhouse was built about 1854 for Benjamin Eakins, father of the artist. Benjamin Eakins added the fourth story in 1874 as a studio for his son. Thomas Eakins inherited the house in 1899, and lived there until his death in 1916. Eakins was a leading figure in the development of realism in painting, and an innovator in the use of photography for artistic purposes. He also taught a generation of artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where he introduced new techniques for studying and painting the human form. Many of his portrait subjects are from all walks of life in Philadelphia, his lifelong home. The Mural Arts Program, a Philadelphia-based art program that creates outdoor murals, is currently based in the Thomas Eakins house.", "List of works by Thomas Eakins This is a list of professionally authenticated paintings, drawings, and sculptures by Thomas Eakins. As there is no catalogue raisonn\u00e9 of Eakins' works, this is an aggregation of existing published catalogs. During his lifetime, Thomas Eakins sold few paintings. On his death, ownership of his unsold works passed to his widow, Susan Macdowell Eakins, who kept them in their Philadelphia home. She dedicated the remaining years of her life to burnishing his legacy. In this, she was quite successful; in the period between Thomas Eakins' death and her own, she donated many of the strongest remaining pictures to museums around the world. The Philadelphia Museum of Art benefited particularly from these donations. After Susan Macdowell Eakins' death in 1938, her executors emptied the house of anything which could be sold at auction. When former Eakins student Charles Bregler arrived at the house after it had been stripped he was horrified at what he found, describing it as the \"most tragic and pitiful sight I ever saw. Every room was cluttered with debris as all the contents of the various drawers, closets etc were thrown upon the floor as they removed the furniture. All the life casts were smashed... I never want to see anything like this again. \" The number of works lost or destroyed at this time will never be known. Bregler carefully collected what was left. Most of what remained were drawings and other preparatory studies. He was highly secretive about the contents of his collection and rarely allowed anyone to see it. After Bregler's death, ownership of the collection passed to his second wife, Mary Louise Picozzi Bregler, who was even more guarded as to its contents.", "Linton's life partner was the German-American classical pianist Samuel Meyers (1854\u20131933). They shared a house and studio at 1707 Chestnut Street from 1901 to 1924. Eakins was a frequent guest at their Saturday afternoon musicales, and painted portraits of both men. (The portraits are at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.) It is likely that it was at one of the musicales that Eakins met the Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Hedda van den Beemt. \"Music\" (1904), Eakins's portrait of van den Beemt, features Meyers in the background as the pianist. Linton hosted a March 1924 art exhibition at his Chestnut Street studio featuring paintings by fellow Eakins students Charles Bregler, David Wilson Jordan and Susan Macdowell Eakins (Eakins's widow), along with his own works. Linton and Meyers moved to a house and studio at 2037 Delancey Street by 1925. Meyers died in July 1933. Linton continued living there through a long illness, until his death in 1943. Linton may be better remembered as the subject of Thomas Eakins's 1904 portrait than for his own paintings. He was also the model for a statuette by sculptor Samuel Murray, that was exhibited at the 1904 World's Fair. Murray and he were among the former Eakins students who had successful careers. Linton reportedly could command $5,000 to $10,000 for a portrait commission in the 1920s, but he died insolvent, and his paintings and possessions were sold to pay creditors. PAFA's Charles Bregler Collection contains a number of photographs of Linton by Eakins or Eakins's circle. He was one of the former Eakins students interviewed by Lloyd Goodrich for his 1933 biography, \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work\".", "Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams Portrait of Mary Adeline Williams is the title given to two separate oil on canvas paintings by Thomas Eakins, each depicting Mary Adeline Williams (1853\u20131941), known familiarly to the Eakins family as \"Addie\". The first painting, now in the Art Institute of Chicago, was completed in 1899, and portrays the subject with a serious demeanor. The second portrait, in the Philadelphia Museum of Art, was painted in 1900, and is more emotionally expressive. The contrast between the paintings has been called \"Perhaps the most famous example of Eakins's transforming a sitter dramatically while maintaining the effect of severe realism.\" Mary Adeline Williams was a longtime friend of the Eakins family, a best friend to Eakins' younger sister Margaret, and a distant relation through marriage; she would later say that Thomas Eakins \"was like a big brother to me. \" As early as 1867 Eakins took a protective interest in her, writing to his sister Fanny: \" She is a pretty little girl & I guess just as good as she is pretty, or she belies her blood. We owe a great deal to her father & mother for their unvarying disinterested kindness to us... Try to make her welcome whenever she comes to town.\" Williams never married, and for some years worked as a seamstress and made corsets. In 1882 Thomas Eakins' father Benjamin invited her to live in the Eakins' home in Philadelphia; Williams demurred, and moved to Chicago, where she lived for six years with one of her brothers. During this time she and Eakins maintained a written correspondence, and the friendship with Eakins' family was further renewed when she returned to Philadelphia in the late 1890s.", "In 1986, shortly before her death, Mary Bregler agreed to sell the works to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In the early 1930s, Susan Macdowell Eakins invited art historian Lloyd Goodrich into her home. Goodrich inventoried the collection in the house, interviewed Eakins' surviving associates, and studied Eakins' personal notes. In 1933, Goodrich published \"Thomas Eakins: His Life and Works\". Though it was incomplete, un-illustrated, and did not include Eakins' photographs, Goodrich's book was the first definitive study of Eakins and the first attempt to catalog his artistic output. In the 1970s, Gordon Hendricks published two Eakins catalogs. \" The Photographs of Thomas Eakins\" (1972; ) is a fully illustrated catalog of photographs by Thomas Eakins and his associates. Because Eakins did not keep detailed records of his photographs, nor did he sign, title, or date them, many of the dates and photographers listed in the catalog are educated guesses on Hendricks' part. It is difficult to know who took a particular photograph because Eakins often had his students use it. Hence, the attribution on many of these photographs is \"Circle of Eakins\" to indicate that a photograph was taken either by Eakins or one of his associates. \" The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins\" (1974; ) included a checklist of Eakins' works, a number of which had not been included in the 1933 Goodrich catalog. In the 1980s, Lloyd Goodrich returned to the subject of Thomas Eakins. He began writing a three-volume book, \"Thomas Eakins\". The first two volumes, published in 1982, were biographic in nature. Goodrich was unable to complete the third volume, a Thomas Eakins catalogue raisonn\u00e9, before he died in 1987."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "When did Thomas Eakins' career begin?", "answer": {"text": "(1871;", "answer_start": 193, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How old was Eakins?", "answer": {"text": "made these initial ventures into outdoor themes, Eakins produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with", "answer_start": 1242, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a name of one of his first works?", "answer": {"text": "Home Scene (1871), Elizabeth at the Piano (1875),", "answer_start": 1412, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What kind of materials did he use?", "answer": {"text": "these initial ventures into outdoor themes,", "answer_start": 1247, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What outdoor themes did he use?", "answer": {"text": "produced a series of domestic Victorian interiors, often with his father, his sisters or friends as the subjects.", "answer_start": 1298, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What awards if any did he win?", "answer": {"text": "). Most critics judged the rowing pictures successful and auspicious, but after the initial flourish,", "answer_start": 1034, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to school for art?", "answer": {"text": "of Eakins' academic training in Paris.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54dd7e69b69a4a8581ba6acb2fd16713_1_q#0", "question": "How was the success of The Cardigans' first popular song?", "rewrite": "How was the success of The Cardigans' first popular song?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jeeney AI Jeeney AI is a natural language processing chatterbot. Jeeny AI was named \"Best Overall Bot\" in the 2009 Chatterbox Challenge, after ranking seventh, but being the \"Best New Entry\" in the previous year. Jeeney is modeled on a modified form of Plato's 'Philosopher King' ideal, and remains a non-commercial application available for users to engage with through a text-based interface. In 2010 Jeeney starred in experimental documentary movie Artificial Insight. List of chatterbots", "However plans were changed, and a week before the release, Bieber announced that a new song, \"Love Me\" would be released. It was released a day early on October 26. Bieber took to Twitter with his shock saying that he was surprised himself. \"Love Me\" is a pop song, which makes use of guitars/bass and drums sounds. The chorus interpolates the song \"Lovefool\" by the Swedish band The Cardigans. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing, Ltd., \"Love Me\" is set in common time. The song is composed in the key of C minor with Bieber's vocals spanning from the low-note of Bb to the high-note of Eb. The song follows in the chord progression of Cm\u2013A\u2013E\u2013 B The song was one of the most well received on the album. Mikael Wood of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said \"Bieber's better on \"Love Me\", where he riffs on the Cardigans' \"Lovefool\" atop a killer electro-glam groove.\" Mark Hirsh The \"Boston Globe\", which was one of the few reviewers that gave the album a mixed analysis, said that \"Love Me\" was the essential song on the set. \" Washington Post\" also cited the song as one of the album's best, referring to it as a \"modest club track.\" \"The New York Times\" said the track is \"probably the only release in recent memory that owes debts to both the Cardigans.\" Mike Diver of \"BBC Music\" called the song an \"electro-infused reinterpretation of The Cardigans' Lovefool, where Bieber exhibits the right kind of attitude, playful and endearing.\"", "Peter Svensson Anders Peter Svensson is a Swedish record producer, songwriter, and musician. He is the main songwriter and guitarist of the band the Cardigans. He started playing guitar at the age of eight, and in his teens he went on to play with local bands. After meeting bass player Magnus Sveningsson, they formed The Cardigans in 1992. Peter Svensson is credited with writing the music and melodies for almost all of the group's original songs. In 1998, he released a side/solo project called Paus. All songs were co-written together with Joakim Berg from the band Kent. The drums were played by The Cardigans' drummer Bengt Lagerberg. In 1999, the Paus album and Svensson\u2019s work on The Cardigans' fourth album, Gran Turismo, earned him a Swedish Grammy as Composer of the Year. Svensson co-wrote (again with Joakim Berg) Swedish singer Titiyo\u2019s album, \"Come Along\". The single, \"Come Along\", was a big hit in 2001 and was awarded a Grammy for Song of the Year in Sweden. Since the last album with The Cardigans, Super Extra Gravity, Svensson has written and produced songs for numerous international artists such as The Weeknd, Ariana Grande, Ellie Goulding and One Direction.", "His father, a well-known Malayalam classical musician and stage actor, was his first \"guru\" (teacher). Yesudas was the eldest of five children, and was followed by three younger brothers and a younger sister. He started his academic music training at R.L.V. Music Academy, Thrippunithura. Later he studied at Swathi Thirunal College of Music, Thiruvananthapuram under the tutelage of the carnatic music maestro late Sh. K.R. Kumaraswamy Iyer and the late Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer but could not complete his studies due to financial constraints. For a brief period, he also studied music under Sri Vechur Harihara Subramania Iyer, after which he took advanced training from Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar. He completed the \"Ganabooshanam\" course at R.L.V. Music Academy, Thripunithura, Cochin and continued studies at Sree Swathithirunal Music Academy, Trivandrum under the tutelage of the carnatic music maestro late Sh. K.R.Kumaraswamy Iyer. In 2011 Yesudas completed his 50 years as a playback singer. Yesudas recorded his first popular song \"Jaathi Bhedam Matha Dwesham\" (music: M B Sreenivasan) on 14 November 1961. However, his first popular song was 'Attention Penne Attention', which he sang for a Malayalam film with Santha P. Nair, a veteran singer of that time. Thus began his career in playback singing which included the Malayalam movie \"Kaalpadukal\" (1962) and Tamil, Telugu and Kannada movies thereafter.", "Cardigan (sweater) A cardigan is a type of knitted garment that has an open front. Commonly cardigans have buttons: a garment that is tied is instead considered a robe. A more modern version of the garment has no buttons and hangs open by design. By contrast, a pullover (or sweater) does not open in front but must be \"pulled over\" the head to be worn. It may be machine- or hand-knitted. Traditionally, cardigans were made of wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof. The cardigan was named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British Army Major General who led the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. It is modelled after the knitted wool waistcoat that British officers supposedly wore during the war. The legend of the event and the fame that Lord Cardigan achieved after the war led to the rise of the garment's popularity \u2013 supposedly, Brudenell invented the cardigan after noticing that the tails of his coat had accidentally been burnt off in a fireplace. The name \"Cardigan\" is an anglicised variation of the Welsh placename Ceredigion. The term originally referred only to a knitted sleeveless vest, but expanded to other types of garment over time. Coco Chanel is credited with popularizing cardigans for women because \"she hated how tight-necked men's sweaters messed up her hair when she pulled them over her head. \" The garment is mostly associated with the college culture of the Roaring Twenties and early 1930s, being also popular throughout the 1950s, the 1970s and the 1990s. Cardigans have also regained popularity during the 2010s."], "answer": {"text": "Life became an international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan. In 1996,", "answer_start": 105}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_54dd7e69b69a4a8581ba6acb2fd16713_1_q#1", "question": "Did they have other great hits?", "rewrite": "Did The Cardigans have other great hits besides Life?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tony Sings the Great Hits of Today! Tony Sings the Great Hits of Today! is a 1970 album by American classic pop and jazz singer Tony Bennett. Done under pressure from his record company for more marketable material, it featured attempts at the Beatles and other current songs and a psychedelic art cover. Both critics and Bennett himself have viewed the album as a career-low. Clive Davis, head of Columbia Records, saw Bennett's album sales steadily decreasing, and decided the cure was for the singer to record more contemporary material. Davis later wrote, \"Musically, Tony was looking over his shoulder. His repertory was dated, and the public wasn't buying it. \" Similar pressure had been applied on singers such as Lena Horne, Barbra Streisand, and Mel Torm\u00e9 to record contemporary rock songs. Some artists of the time such as Horne and Peggy Lee welcomed the chance to try their hand at rock music, but Bennett did not. Bennett later said that, \"I started planning the record by listening to as many current hits as I could stand. I mean some of the songs made me physically nauseous. \" Clive Davis reported that Bennett literally vomited before the first recording session for the album. While many of the songwriters used on the album, such as Lennon and McCartney and Burt Bacharach and Hal David, are highly regarded in their own right, Bennett had no genuine feeling for their style. Allmusic states that of all the songs Bennett attempted on \"Tony Sings the Great Hits of Today!\" , \"Is That All There Is? \" is the only one he seemed to show any enthusiasm for.", "Lu Xiaofeng Lu Xiaofeng is the fictional protagonist of the \"wuxia\" novel series \"Lu Xiaofeng Series\" (\u9678\u5c0f\u9cf3\u7cfb\u5217) by Gu Long. Lu is best identified by his distinctive \"Four Eyebrows\" (), as he sports two strands of moustache that resemble his eyebrows, making him seem as though he has four eyebrows. He is described as a good-looking and attractive figure to many female admirers in the novels. He is an alcoholic, a flirt and a regular brothel patron. Lu's true personality and abilities are actually hidden behind his image of a flirt and alcoholic. He is extremely intelligent and observant like a fox, although it may not seem obvious, which enables him to solve the several mysteries in the series. His wit and cunning has also helped him escape from danger, often turning the tables on his enemies unexpectedly when he is apparently on the losing end. Lu also values friendship and often risks his own life to help his friends when needed. Lu is best known for his 'Lingxi Finger' (), which allows him to catch and hold enemies' weapons between his fingers. He does not really use any particular weapon and often relies on his bare hands to fight enemies, even when he is being surrounded. Lu is a \"qinggong\" expert as well, and although Gu Long did not state explicitly Lu's \"qinggong\" capability in comparison with other characters, Lu is one of the top ten \"qinggong\" exponents in the series. A mysterious martial arts sect, Qingyilou (), which recently emerged in the \"jianghu\" (martial artists' community), has been stirring up much conflict. Out of curiosity, Lu decides to investigate what is going on. He meets Princess Fengdan of the Kingdom of the Golden Bird () in the Western Regions.", "Qinggong  Qinggong is a technique in Chinese martial arts. Traditional Baguazhang training involves the use of qinggong. The practitioner runs up a plank supported against a wall. The gradient of the plank is increased gradually over time as the training progresses. The use of qinggong has been exaggerated in wuxia fiction, in which martial artists have the ability to move swiftly and lightly at superhuman speed, and perform gravity-defying moves such as gliding on water surfaces, scaling high walls and mounting trees. In some wuxia and martial arts films containing elements of wire fu, qinggong stunts are simulated by actors and stunt performers suspending themselves from wires.", "Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong  Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong (12 August 1724 \u2013 21 August 1774), of the Han Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner Lu clan, was a consort of the Qianlong Emperor. She was 13 years his junior. Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong's personal name was not recorded in history. The future Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong was born on the 24th day of the sixth lunar month in the second year of the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, which translates to 12 August 1724 in the Gregorian calendar. It is not known when Lady Lu entered the Forbidden City and was granted the title \"First Attendant\" by the Qianlong Emperor. She was elevated on 8 May 1748 to \"Noble Lady\", on 30 July 1751 to \"Concubine Qing\", and on 4 February 1760 to \"Consort Qing\". In 1765, she joined the Qianlong Emperor and his other consorts on an inspection tour to the southern Yangtze delta region. On 14 November 1768, she was elevated to \"Noble Consort Qing\". She died on 21 August 1774 and was interred in the Yu Mausoleum of the Eastern Qing tombs. On 9 February 1796, the Qianlong Emperor abdicated in favour of his 15th son, Yongyan, and became a Retired Emperor. As the Jiaqing Emperor was raised by Lady Lu in his childhood, he felt grateful to her, so after the Qianlong Emperor died on 7 February 1799, he posthumously elevated her to \"Imperial Noble Consort Qinggong\".", "All the Great Hits (Diana Ross album) All The Great Hits is a compilation album by Diana Ross released in 1981, the second Motown compilation set to capitalize on the success of 1980's \"diana\" produced by Chic. Her duet \"Endless Love\" with Lionel Richie was from a movie with Brooke Shields and, just like 1980's \"It's My Turn\", had already been released as a single and on a soundtrack album. The double-album detailing Ross' career at Motown was released in the weeks preceding her RCA debut \"Why Do Fools Fall in Love\" and became her third album that year to reach the top 40 in the U.S. The album was certified Gold in the USA and Platinum in the UK. The European edition of the album (Motown STMA 8036) was a one-disc release with a different track list, replacing \"Endless Love\" and \"The Supremes Medley\" with \"I'm Still Waiting\", \"All Of My Life\" and \"Surrender\" as well as including edited versions of two of the four tracks from the \"diana\" album. When re-released on compact disc by Motown/Universal Music in 2000 \" All The Great Hits\" had a third, alternate set of tracks. Side A  Side B Side C Side D Side A  Side B"], "answer": {"text": "Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly in the US and Japan,", "answer_start": 509}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the success of The Cardigans' first popular song?", "answer": {"text": "Life became an international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan. In 1996,", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54dd7e69b69a4a8581ba6acb2fd16713_1_q#2", "question": "What were their record sales like?", "rewrite": "What were The Cardigans' record sales like?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Peter Svensson Anders Peter Svensson is a Swedish record producer, songwriter, and musician. He is the main songwriter and guitarist of the band the Cardigans. He started playing guitar at the age of eight, and in his teens he went on to play with local bands. After meeting bass player Magnus Sveningsson, they formed The Cardigans in 1992. Peter Svensson is credited with writing the music and melodies for almost all of the group's original songs. In 1998, he released a side/solo project called Paus. All songs were co-written together with Joakim Berg from the band Kent. The drums were played by The Cardigans' drummer Bengt Lagerberg. In 1999, the Paus album and Svensson\u2019s work on The Cardigans' fourth album, Gran Turismo, earned him a Swedish Grammy as Composer of the Year. Svensson co-wrote (again with Joakim Berg) Swedish singer Titiyo\u2019s album, \"Come Along\". The single, \"Come Along\", was a big hit in 2001 and was awarded a Grammy for Song of the Year in Sweden. Since the last album with The Cardigans, Super Extra Gravity, Svensson has written and produced songs for numerous international artists such as The Weeknd, Ariana Grande, Ellie Goulding and One Direction.", "However plans were changed, and a week before the release, Bieber announced that a new song, \"Love Me\" would be released. It was released a day early on October 26. Bieber took to Twitter with his shock saying that he was surprised himself. \"Love Me\" is a pop song, which makes use of guitars/bass and drums sounds. The chorus interpolates the song \"Lovefool\" by the Swedish band The Cardigans. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing, Ltd., \"Love Me\" is set in common time. The song is composed in the key of C minor with Bieber's vocals spanning from the low-note of Bb to the high-note of Eb. The song follows in the chord progression of Cm\u2013A\u2013E\u2013 B The song was one of the most well received on the album. Mikael Wood of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said \"Bieber's better on \"Love Me\", where he riffs on the Cardigans' \"Lovefool\" atop a killer electro-glam groove.\" Mark Hirsh The \"Boston Globe\", which was one of the few reviewers that gave the album a mixed analysis, said that \"Love Me\" was the essential song on the set. \" Washington Post\" also cited the song as one of the album's best, referring to it as a \"modest club track.\" \"The New York Times\" said the track is \"probably the only release in recent memory that owes debts to both the Cardigans.\" Mike Diver of \"BBC Music\" called the song an \"electro-infused reinterpretation of The Cardigans' Lovefool, where Bieber exhibits the right kind of attitude, playful and endearing.\"", "Some of the major recording artists on Aladdin at that time included, Johnny Moore, The Three Blazers featuring Charles Brown, Amos Milburn, The Five Keys, Lester Young and Illinois Jacquet. Ray was given opportunities to meet these artists and to attend their concerts and recordings session and began to learn in detail about the commercial music and recording business. During Ray's three years employment at Aladdin Records, he also earned an Associate Arts degree in Business Administration from Los Angeles City College. After leaving Aladdin Records in early 1950, Ray joined Central Record Sales Company, a major independent wholesale record distributor in Los Angeles, California. Central Record Sales was the exclusive distributor for a majority of the major, national independent record companies for the Southern California area. Initially Ray was responsible for Central's \u201cin house sales\u201d to Southern California's smaller retail stores and juke box operators. He eventually became chief record \u201cbuyer\u201d and radio promotion man for Central Record Sales. While at Central Record Sales, Ray promoted and sold records for numerous rhythm and blues artists including Ruth Brown, The Drifters, B.B.King, Sam Cooke, Ray Charles, Joe Turner, Clyde McPhatter, Howlin' Wolf, Jesse Belvin, The Clovers, and other R&B recording stars of that era. In 1954, while still at Central Record Sales, Ray and a musician/songwriter Rudy Jackson began writing songs together. Their biggest hit, was a song entitled \u201cHearts of Stone\u201d, performed by a local Los Angeles singing group, The Jewels. Ray, Al Schlesinger and Larry Goldberg formed a record label, \"R & B Records\", and released \u201cHearts of Stone\u201d in the Southern California area only and sold over 50,000 copies. The song later became a top national charted, Pop, R&B and Country hit by the Fontaine Sisters, The Charms and Red Foley.", "Cardigan (sweater) A cardigan is a type of knitted garment that has an open front. Commonly cardigans have buttons: a garment that is tied is instead considered a robe. A more modern version of the garment has no buttons and hangs open by design. By contrast, a pullover (or sweater) does not open in front but must be \"pulled over\" the head to be worn. It may be machine- or hand-knitted. Traditionally, cardigans were made of wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof. The cardigan was named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British Army Major General who led the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. It is modelled after the knitted wool waistcoat that British officers supposedly wore during the war. The legend of the event and the fame that Lord Cardigan achieved after the war led to the rise of the garment's popularity \u2013 supposedly, Brudenell invented the cardigan after noticing that the tails of his coat had accidentally been burnt off in a fireplace. The name \"Cardigan\" is an anglicised variation of the Welsh placename Ceredigion. The term originally referred only to a knitted sleeveless vest, but expanded to other types of garment over time. Coco Chanel is credited with popularizing cardigans for women because \"she hated how tight-necked men's sweaters messed up her hair when she pulled them over her head. \" The garment is mostly associated with the college culture of the Roaring Twenties and early 1930s, being also popular throughout the 1950s, the 1970s and the 1990s. Cardigans have also regained popularity during the 2010s.", "Record sales Record sales, alternatively called music recording sales, are activities related to selling albums, singles, or music videos through record shops or online music store. Record sales reached the peak in 1999, when 600 million people spent an average of $64 in buying records, bringing a total of $40 billion sales of recorded music. Sales continued declining in the 21st century. The collapse of record sales also made artists rely on touring for most of their income. According to \"Guinness World Records\", Michael Jackson's 1982 album \"Thriller\" remains the best-selling album in history, with an estimated 66 million copies sold worldwide. \"Candle in the Wind 1997\" is the best-selling physical single of all time with 33 million copies sold. Although precise worldwide sales figure is hard to obtain, it is widely acknowledged that the Beatles have sold more records than any other artist in the history of recorded music. Before the existence of recording medium and its player, the music industry earned profit through selling musical compositions on sheet music. The very first sales chart published by \"Billboard\" magazine in the United States was the \"Sheet Music Best Sellers\" chart. Following the invention of the phonograph by Thomas Edison in 1877, the music industry began hiring singers to record songs made by composers. Due to the length limit of recording media, singles were the only available commercial releases. In 1900, the US record sales is estimated at about 3 million copies. The music industry continued its growth, and by 1921 the value of record sales in the US reached $106 million with 140 million records being sold. Album sales were first reported by \"Billboard\" magazine on March 24, 1945. However, the album definition at the time was barely boxes containing a set of several singles, such as \"Glenn Miller\" by Glenn Miller, as well as \"Selections from Going My Way\" and \"Merry Christmas\" by Bing Crosby."], "answer": {"text": "international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan.", "answer_start": 120}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the success of The Cardigans' first popular song?", "answer": {"text": "Life became an international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan. In 1996,", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have other great hits?", "answer": {"text": "Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly in the US and Japan,", "answer_start": 509, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54dd7e69b69a4a8581ba6acb2fd16713_1_q#3", "question": "Where did they perform their concert tours?", "rewrite": "Where did The Cardigans' perform their concert tours?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Concert tour A concert tour (or simply tour) is a series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different cities, countries or locations. Often concert tours are named to differentiate different tours by the same artist and to associate a specific tour with a particular album or product (for example: Celine Dion\u00b4s Courage World Tour or U2's The Joshua Tree Tour named after the albums). Especially in the popular music world, such tours can become large-scale enterprises that last for several months or even years, are seen by hundreds of thousands or millions of people, and bring in millions of dollars (or the equivalent) in ticket revenues. A performer who embarks on a concert tour is called a touring artist. Different segments of longer concert tours are known as \"legs\". The different legs of a tour are denoted in different ways, dependent on the artist and type of tour, but the most common means of separating legs are dates (especially if there is a long break at some point), countries and/or continents, or different opening acts. In the largest concert tours it is becoming more common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment, local to each geographical region. Concert tours are often administered on the local level by concert promoters or by performing arts presenters. Usually, small concert tours are managed by a road manager whereas large concert tours are managed by a tour manager. The main challenge in concert tours is how to move the performance's logistics from one venue to another venue, especially for a transcontinental tour. Tour logistics should be very organized and everything has to happen on time and in the right order as planned. \"Autoweek\" magazine estimated 30 to 50 trucks were required by Taylor Swift's 1989 World Tour to bring all the stage, sound equipment, instruments, props, and clothes.", "List of Big Bang solo concert tours Big Bang members have all released solo material since their debut album \"Bigbang Vol. 1\", which included solo songs from each member. Four members: G-Dragon, Taeyang, Daesung, and Seungri have held solo concert tours. In 2008, Taeyang became the first member to hold a solo concert in support of his debut EP, \"Hot\". In 2009, G-Dragon held his first concert, Shine a Light, in support of his debut album \"Heartbreaker\". In 2010, Taeyang held his second concert in support of his first studio album \"Solar\". In March 2013, Daesung embarked on his debut concert tour in support of his debut Japanese-language album \"D'scover\", while G-Dragon began his first world tour, The One of a Kind World Tour, which visited nine countries across Asia. From 2014 to 2015, Daesung and Taeyang both embarked on concert tours in support of their respective albums. Daesung's D'slove Tour visited eight cities in Japan while Taeyang's Rise World Tour visited nine Asian countries. In 2017, all three members embarked on solo tours after the success of Big Bang's third studio album \"Made\" and its tour of the same name. Daesung held his first Japanese dome tour which consisted of two shows each at Seibu Prince Dome and Kyocera Dome. On his , G-Dragon visited 29 cities across Asia, North America, Europe, and Oceania, becoming the first Korean solo artist to stage an arena tour in the latter three continents. G-Dragon also became the second Korean soloist to perform at the Tokyo Dome. Taeyang's White Night World Tour visited 19 cities across Asia and North America.", "List of Gloria Estefan concert tours This is a list of concert tours by Gloria Estefan, an American pop music singer. Since 1985, Estefan has embarked on six worldwide concert tours performing in several locations worldwide including the five continents. Estefan's first tour was with the Miami Sound Machine and was the tour for support of the album \"Primitive Love\" named \"Primitive Love Tour\" in 1985. Her last tour in 2008, the \"90 Millas World Tour,\" was made to promote the album \"90 Millas\". Among all the tours made and listed here the first two are with the Miami Sound Machine, in which Estefan was the lead vocalist, since their separation in 1989, Estefan credited alone and embarked in four tours, two of them, the \"Into The Light\" and \"Evolution\" are cataloged as world tours, and are the most successful on Estefan's career, the latter being the most successful tour ever for a Latin artist. Gloria Estefan first tour with the Miami Sound Machine \"Primitive Love Tour \" was a tour only to the United States with a low budget and just performances of their album, since that tour all the other tours by Estefan had been praised and critically acclaimed, especially her 1996/1997 \"Evolution World Tour\" which was created with a very different concept and making it more a show than just a concert, it eventually became one of the fans favorites and was one of the most successful tour ever for Estefan. With the release of the 2007 Spanish-language album \"90 Millas\", Gloria Estefan did a tour of the European continent to promote the album. Gloria started the tour in August 2008 in Valencia, Spain, and then went to London and also her first concert to a British audience since a decade. She also visited Belfast, Rotterdam and Tenerife. Estefan also performed at the Aruba Music Festival on October 11", "List of Avril Lavigne concert tours Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne has completed four concert tours beginning with the \"Try to Shut Me Up\" Tour in 2002\u201303. This was followed by the 13-month \"Bonez\" Tour in 2004\u201305 and the \"Best Damn Tour\" in 2008. Her most recent tour, the \"Black Star\" Tour, was completed in February 2012. The following is a chronological list of her concert tours. For Lavigne's promotional tours, see List of Avril Lavigne promotional tours. The Try to Shut Me Up Tour was the debut concert tour by Canadian recording artist Avril Lavigne. Beginning in December 2002, the tour supported the singer's debut studio album, \"Let Go\". The trek played 70 dates in North America, Asia, Europe and Australia. The concert was chronicled on the video set \"My World\". Filmed at the HSBC Arena in Buffalo, New York, the DVD features the full-length concert, music videos, a behind the scenes featurette and a live CD. The Bonez Tour is the second concert tour by Canadian recording artist, Avril Lavigne. In support of her second studio album \"Under My Skin\", the tour began in the fall of 2004. Playing over one hundred shows in Europe, the Americas, Asia, Australia and Africa. The performances in 2004 ranked 97th on Pollstar's \"Top Tours of 2004\", earning over $5 million. The tour was recorded at the Nippon Budokan in Tokyo, Japan for the DVD set, . The DVD featured the full concert with behind the scenes footage. The video was certified Gold in Japan. The Black Star Tour was the fourth concert tour by Canadian recording artist, Avril Lavigne.", "List of TVXQ concert tours The South Korean pop duo TVXQ have embarked on seven headlining concert tours, one of which has been worldwide, and ten others that were based exclusively in Japan. TVXQ originally debuted as a five-member group in December 2003, with members U-Know Yunho, Max Changmin, Hero Jaejoong, Micky Yoochun, and Xiah Junsu. The group made their headlining debut in February 2006 through their Rising Sun Tour, performing four sell-out shows in South Korea, one show in Thailand, and one show in Malaysia, which was the first K-pop concert held in the country. They visited China and Taiwan for the first time for their O Tour, which commenced in January 2007. Their third and last concert tour as a quinet, the Mirotic Tour, was announced to tour cities beyond South Korea, China, and Thailand throughout 2009 and 2010, but the remaining concert dates were cancelled soon after members Jaejoong, Yoochun, and Junsu entered a legal battle with their Korean agency S.M. Entertainment, subsequently leading to their departure. In January 2011, TVXQ restarted their activities as a duo, with remaining members Yunho and Changmin. The duo held their first worldwide concert, the from November 2012 to July 2013, visiting North America and South America for the first time. In December 2014, the duo celebrated their tenth debut anniversary with the , touring cities in South Korea, China, and Thailand. It was the duo's last headlining concert tour before taking their indefinite hiatus to enlist in South Korea's compulsory military service. Since the completion of their service, TVXQ have headlined three concert tours, two of which were exclusively based in Japan. They performed in Korea, Thailand, Hong Kong, and Indonesia with the Circle #welcome tour from May 2018 to August 2019."], "answer": {"text": "worldwide in 1996. \"Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly", "answer_start": 489}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the success of The Cardigans' first popular song?", "answer": {"text": "Life became an international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan. In 1996,", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have other great hits?", "answer": {"text": "Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly in the US and Japan,", "answer_start": 509, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were their record sales like?", "answer": {"text": "international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan.", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54dd7e69b69a4a8581ba6acb2fd16713_1_q#4", "question": "Who wrote the songs?", "rewrite": "Who wrote the The Cardigans' songs?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["However plans were changed, and a week before the release, Bieber announced that a new song, \"Love Me\" would be released. It was released a day early on October 26. Bieber took to Twitter with his shock saying that he was surprised himself. \"Love Me\" is a pop song, which makes use of guitars/bass and drums sounds. The chorus interpolates the song \"Lovefool\" by the Swedish band The Cardigans. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing, Ltd., \"Love Me\" is set in common time. The song is composed in the key of C minor with Bieber's vocals spanning from the low-note of Bb to the high-note of Eb. The song follows in the chord progression of Cm\u2013A\u2013E\u2013 B The song was one of the most well received on the album. Mikael Wood of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said \"Bieber's better on \"Love Me\", where he riffs on the Cardigans' \"Lovefool\" atop a killer electro-glam groove.\" Mark Hirsh The \"Boston Globe\", which was one of the few reviewers that gave the album a mixed analysis, said that \"Love Me\" was the essential song on the set. \" Washington Post\" also cited the song as one of the album's best, referring to it as a \"modest club track.\" \"The New York Times\" said the track is \"probably the only release in recent memory that owes debts to both the Cardigans.\" Mike Diver of \"BBC Music\" called the song an \"electro-infused reinterpretation of The Cardigans' Lovefool, where Bieber exhibits the right kind of attitude, playful and endearing.\"", "Cardigan (sweater) A cardigan is a type of knitted garment that has an open front. Commonly cardigans have buttons: a garment that is tied is instead considered a robe. A more modern version of the garment has no buttons and hangs open by design. By contrast, a pullover (or sweater) does not open in front but must be \"pulled over\" the head to be worn. It may be machine- or hand-knitted. Traditionally, cardigans were made of wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof. The cardigan was named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British Army Major General who led the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. It is modelled after the knitted wool waistcoat that British officers supposedly wore during the war. The legend of the event and the fame that Lord Cardigan achieved after the war led to the rise of the garment's popularity \u2013 supposedly, Brudenell invented the cardigan after noticing that the tails of his coat had accidentally been burnt off in a fireplace. The name \"Cardigan\" is an anglicised variation of the Welsh placename Ceredigion. The term originally referred only to a knitted sleeveless vest, but expanded to other types of garment over time. Coco Chanel is credited with popularizing cardigans for women because \"she hated how tight-necked men's sweaters messed up her hair when she pulled them over her head. \" The garment is mostly associated with the college culture of the Roaring Twenties and early 1930s, being also popular throughout the 1950s, the 1970s and the 1990s. Cardigans have also regained popularity during the 2010s.", "A Camp A Camp is the solo side project of Nina Persson, vocalist for the Swedish indie pop band The Cardigans. Persson formed A Camp when The Cardigans took a break after several years of touring and the recording of their 1998 album \"Gran Turismo\". A Camp's debut album, also called \"A Camp\", was originally recorded with Niclas Frisk of Atomic Swing, before Persson teamed up with Mark Linkous of Sparklehorse to re-record it. In doing so, he also contributed some new songs to the album. Persson had been a long-time fan of Sparklehorse and has referred to them as \"the best I've ever heard\". After a gig in Lund, Sweden, Persson gave Linkous a cassette of all the demo A Camp songs. When they met again during the recording of his most recent album, Persson mustered the courage to invite him to produce her project. Linkous listened, liked the songs, and agreed. The debut album released the singles \"I Can Buy You\" and \"Song for the Leftovers\". These country-inspired selections later seemed to have inspired The Cardigans' following album, \"Long Gone Before Daylight\", which was released in the UK in 2003 and the USA in 2004. In 2004, \"Charlie Charlie\" (the \"I Can Buy You\" single B-side) was covered (with new lyrics in Polish) by the Polish singer Ania and released as a single from her debut album \"Samotno\u015b\u0107 po zmierzchu\". A French version of \"Charlie Charlie\" was recorded by Vanessa and the O's for inclusion on their debut album \"La Ballade d'O\" in 2004 which retained the same title.", "Peter Svensson Anders Peter Svensson is a Swedish record producer, songwriter, and musician. He is the main songwriter and guitarist of the band the Cardigans. He started playing guitar at the age of eight, and in his teens he went on to play with local bands. After meeting bass player Magnus Sveningsson, they formed The Cardigans in 1992. Peter Svensson is credited with writing the music and melodies for almost all of the group's original songs. In 1998, he released a side/solo project called Paus. All songs were co-written together with Joakim Berg from the band Kent. The drums were played by The Cardigans' drummer Bengt Lagerberg. In 1999, the Paus album and Svensson\u2019s work on The Cardigans' fourth album, Gran Turismo, earned him a Swedish Grammy as Composer of the Year. Svensson co-wrote (again with Joakim Berg) Swedish singer Titiyo\u2019s album, \"Come Along\". The single, \"Come Along\", was a big hit in 2001 and was awarded a Grammy for Song of the Year in Sweden. Since the last album with The Cardigans, Super Extra Gravity, Svensson has written and produced songs for numerous international artists such as The Weeknd, Ariana Grande, Ellie Goulding and One Direction.", "Jeeney AI Jeeney AI is a natural language processing chatterbot. Jeeny AI was named \"Best Overall Bot\" in the 2009 Chatterbox Challenge, after ranking seventh, but being the \"Best New Entry\" in the previous year. Jeeney is modeled on a modified form of Plato's 'Philosopher King' ideal, and remains a non-commercial application available for users to engage with through a text-based interface. In 2010 Jeeney starred in experimental documentary movie Artificial Insight. List of chatterbots"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the success of The Cardigans' first popular song?", "answer": {"text": "Life became an international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan. In 1996,", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have other great hits?", "answer": {"text": "Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly in the US and Japan,", "answer_start": 509, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were their record sales like?", "answer": {"text": "international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan.", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they perform their concert tours?", "answer": {"text": "worldwide in 1996. \"Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_54dd7e69b69a4a8581ba6acb2fd16713_1_q#5", "question": "What did the critics think of their albums?", "rewrite": "What did the critics think of The Cardigans' albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Cardigan (sweater) A cardigan is a type of knitted garment that has an open front. Commonly cardigans have buttons: a garment that is tied is instead considered a robe. A more modern version of the garment has no buttons and hangs open by design. By contrast, a pullover (or sweater) does not open in front but must be \"pulled over\" the head to be worn. It may be machine- or hand-knitted. Traditionally, cardigans were made of wool but can now be made of cotton, synthetic fibers, or any combination thereof. The cardigan was named after James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, a British Army Major General who led the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. It is modelled after the knitted wool waistcoat that British officers supposedly wore during the war. The legend of the event and the fame that Lord Cardigan achieved after the war led to the rise of the garment's popularity \u2013 supposedly, Brudenell invented the cardigan after noticing that the tails of his coat had accidentally been burnt off in a fireplace. The name \"Cardigan\" is an anglicised variation of the Welsh placename Ceredigion. The term originally referred only to a knitted sleeveless vest, but expanded to other types of garment over time. Coco Chanel is credited with popularizing cardigans for women because \"she hated how tight-necked men's sweaters messed up her hair when she pulled them over her head. \" The garment is mostly associated with the college culture of the Roaring Twenties and early 1930s, being also popular throughout the 1950s, the 1970s and the 1990s. Cardigans have also regained popularity during the 2010s.", "However plans were changed, and a week before the release, Bieber announced that a new song, \"Love Me\" would be released. It was released a day early on October 26. Bieber took to Twitter with his shock saying that he was surprised himself. \"Love Me\" is a pop song, which makes use of guitars/bass and drums sounds. The chorus interpolates the song \"Lovefool\" by the Swedish band The Cardigans. According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Universal Music Publishing, Ltd., \"Love Me\" is set in common time. The song is composed in the key of C minor with Bieber's vocals spanning from the low-note of Bb to the high-note of Eb. The song follows in the chord progression of Cm\u2013A\u2013E\u2013 B The song was one of the most well received on the album. Mikael Wood of \"Entertainment Weekly\" said \"Bieber's better on \"Love Me\", where he riffs on the Cardigans' \"Lovefool\" atop a killer electro-glam groove.\" Mark Hirsh The \"Boston Globe\", which was one of the few reviewers that gave the album a mixed analysis, said that \"Love Me\" was the essential song on the set. \" Washington Post\" also cited the song as one of the album's best, referring to it as a \"modest club track.\" \"The New York Times\" said the track is \"probably the only release in recent memory that owes debts to both the Cardigans.\" Mike Diver of \"BBC Music\" called the song an \"electro-infused reinterpretation of The Cardigans' Lovefool, where Bieber exhibits the right kind of attitude, playful and endearing.\"", "While some critics think lowly of the album today, the album has seen numerous reappraisals, with some critics posing it as the band's best album and as one which captured the mood of late 1980s Great Britain. Weller continues to think highly of the album. It has been re-released several times. \" How She Threw It All Away\" and \"Why I Went Missing\" are often cited as lost Weller classics, having not been played live since the early 'rebirth' of Weller's solo career (around 1990/91). After achieving critical and commercial success in 1985 and 1986, The Style Council's third full-length album, \"The Cost of Loving\", was released in February 1987 to commercial success, reaching number 2 in the UK Albums Chart, but to hostile reviews from music critics. The album, which featured soul music and American-style R&B inspired by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, was dismissed by one later critic as \"bland,\" and several years later, the \"NME\" included the album in a list of fourteen albums that \"should've been an EP\". Later on in 1987, Red Wedge, a collective of musicians, including Style Council lead singer and writer Paul Weller, who had gathered to help spread support for the Labour Party among young voters, failed to displace the Conservative Party in the 1987 general election, and the collective soon disbanded. The band's popularity was fading and the group were regularly being ridiculed in the music press, with criticism being aimed at Weller in particular. Tension between Weller and the band's record label Polydor was also prevalent, with the label becoming impatient with Weller's esoteric choices regarding musical direction and artwork.", "Jeeney AI Jeeney AI is a natural language processing chatterbot. Jeeny AI was named \"Best Overall Bot\" in the 2009 Chatterbox Challenge, after ranking seventh, but being the \"Best New Entry\" in the previous year. Jeeney is modeled on a modified form of Plato's 'Philosopher King' ideal, and remains a non-commercial application available for users to engage with through a text-based interface. In 2010 Jeeney starred in experimental documentary movie Artificial Insight. List of chatterbots", "Peter Svensson Anders Peter Svensson is a Swedish record producer, songwriter, and musician. He is the main songwriter and guitarist of the band the Cardigans. He started playing guitar at the age of eight, and in his teens he went on to play with local bands. After meeting bass player Magnus Sveningsson, they formed The Cardigans in 1992. Peter Svensson is credited with writing the music and melodies for almost all of the group's original songs. In 1998, he released a side/solo project called Paus. All songs were co-written together with Joakim Berg from the band Kent. The drums were played by The Cardigans' drummer Bengt Lagerberg. In 1999, the Paus album and Svensson\u2019s work on The Cardigans' fourth album, Gran Turismo, earned him a Swedish Grammy as Composer of the Year. Svensson co-wrote (again with Joakim Berg) Swedish singer Titiyo\u2019s album, \"Come Along\". The single, \"Come Along\", was a big hit in 2001 and was awarded a Grammy for Song of the Year in Sweden. Since the last album with The Cardigans, Super Extra Gravity, Svensson has written and produced songs for numerous international artists such as The Weeknd, Ariana Grande, Ellie Goulding and One Direction."], "answer": {"text": "became an international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status", "answer_start": 110}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was the success of The Cardigans' first popular song?", "answer": {"text": "Life became an international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan. In 1996,", "answer_start": 105, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did they have other great hits?", "answer": {"text": "Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly in the US and Japan,", "answer_start": 509, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were their record sales like?", "answer": {"text": "international success, selling more than a million copies and achieving platinum status in Japan.", "answer_start": 120, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did they perform their concert tours?", "answer": {"text": "worldwide in 1996. \"Lovefool\" was a hit worldwide, particularly", "answer_start": 489, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who wrote the songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "rewrite": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#1", "question": "When did she become involved with singing?", "rewrite": "When did Teena Marie become involved with singing?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["I still look back on her choice with sadness and wonder about our baby, and how having that child might have changed me life.\" His hit song \"Cold Blooded\" was about his relationship with Blair. \"It was about how Linda could freeze my blood,\" he wrote in his memoir. In 1989, James met 17-year-old party-goer Tanya Hijazi. The two began a romance in 1990. In 1993, the couple had their only child and James's youngest, Tazman. Following their respective releases from prison for assaulting Mary Sauger and Frances Alley, the couple married in 1996 and divorced in 2002. James was very close with Teena Marie, whom he met and began collaborating with in 1979. Teena Marie stated they were romantically involved for 3 months and engaged \"for two weeks\". Their professional partnership lasted into 2004, when Marie released her comeback album, \"La Do\u00f1a\", which included her and James's duet \"I Got You\". When James died, Teena Marie said she struggled to come to terms with his death. James became close friends with Eddie Murphy after the two met in 1981. Following his exit from the United States Navy in 1984, Murphy's older brother Charlie Murphy, whose first post-Navy job was working as security for his brother, began spending time with James, and he bonded with the singer. Murphy would later recall on \"Chappelle's Show\" his sometimes strained relationship with James, which helped to revive James's name in the public eye after years of seclusion following his stroke in 1998. James also appeared in the episode recounting his memory of the experiences shared with Murphy, such as starting impromptu fights with him and staining Murphy's couch with mud. James was good friends with actress Debbie Allen.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Jill Jones Jill Jones (born July 11, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter, who performed as a backing vocalist for Teena Marie and Prince in the 1980s. Jones was born in Lebanon, Ohio on July 11, 1962. Her mother, a fashion model, is of African American and Native American heritage, and her father, a jazz drummer, is Italian. Jones was raised mostly by her grandparents, until relocating to Los Angeles when her mother remarried. She began a singing career at age 15 as a backup vocalist for Teena Marie, whom her mother managed. Today, she maintains her own fan pages on Myspace and Facebook. Highlights from her early career include various collaborative works with Prince in the 1980s and 1990s, including a collaborative debut released under her own name. Since 2001, she has released three acoustic and dance albums, with 2009's \"Living for the Weekend\" being her most recent album. Jones met Prince in 1980 at age 18, when Teena Marie was the opening act during his \"Dirty Mind\" tour. Prince loved her voice, encouraged her to sing, and stayed in touch with Jones. She became a backup vocalist for Prince when he invited her to the Sunset Sound recording studios in 1982, to sing backing vocals for several tracks on the album \"1999\". She was credited under just her initials J.J. She also was featured in music videos for the songs \"1999\" and \"Little Red Corvette\", as well as extended rarely aired music video for \"Automatic\", and then joined the tour for \"1999\" to sing backing vocals with the Prince side-project Vanity 6. After the tour, she moved to Minneapolis and became Prince's on-and-off again girlfriend."], "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two.", "answer_start": 383}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#2", "question": "What was her first performance?", "rewrite": "What was Teena Marie's first performance?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World."], "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 616}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she become involved with singing?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#3", "question": "Did she have any other acting roles?", "rewrite": "Other than an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies, did Teena Marie have any other acting roles?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Money for Nothing/ Beverly Hillbillies * \"Money for Nothing /Beverly Hillbillies*\" is a song by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic. It is a cover of \"Money for Nothing\" by Dire Straits with the lyrics replaced by those of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" theme song. The music video, which appeared as part of Yankovic's film \"UHF\", is a parody of the \"Money for Nothing\" music video. The song features Dire Straits members Mark Knopfler on guitar and Guy Fletcher on synthesizer, Knopfler's one condition for allowing the parody. Jim West, Yankovic's own guitarist, then practiced the song for weeks. As a result of that and because Knopfler had become more relaxed after having played it for several years, West's version sounded more like the original version. The song is credited to Mark Knopfler and Sting (writers of the original \"Money for Nothing\") and Paul Henning (writer of \"The Ballad of Jed Clampett\"). Originally the title of the song was going to be simply \"Beverly Hillbillies\"; however, the title of the song was changed to \"Money for Nothing /Beverly Hillbillies*\" (with an asterisk), and it is legally copyrighted and registered as such. Yankovic commented on the legal complications with the titling of the song in the DVD audio commentary for the film \"UHF\", explaining: \"We had to name that song 'Money for Nothing \"slash\" Beverly Hillbillies \"asterisk\"' because the lawyers told us that had to be the name. Those wacky lawyers! Whatcha gonna do? \" Yankovic also gave the following comment on his official website in regards to the title: \"That incredibly stupid name is what the lawyers insisted that the parody be listed as.", "When ABC tried to prevent him from making the film, he sued and won a judgment of more than US$2 million. He directed the 1979 comedy \"Hometown U.S.A.\" before retiring to his home at Lake Tahoe, Nevada. He continues to make occasional guest appearances on television. Baer has said that playing Jethro Bodine undermined his acting career. When Paul Henning asked him to reprise the role for a 1981 television movie, he declined. Yet when the feature film \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" was made 22 years later, reports cited Baer's dissatisfaction that only Ebsen was asked to do a cameo. He appeared in the 1993 television special \" The Legend of the Beverly Hillbillies\", reprising his role as Jethro. By 2004, Baer had recognized the marketability of \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" and appeared with actress Donna Douglas at the annual TV Land Awards. In 1985, Baer began investigating the gambling industry. He noted that tourists paid a US$5 to US$6 admission to tour the \"\"Ponderosa Ranch\"\", which was the location for filming some episodes of TV's \"Bonanza\". There was nothing to see but a working cattle ranch, but people enjoyed it because of the \"Bonanza\" connection. Baer decided that tourists would also pay for something dealing with \"The Beverly Hillbillies\". He began using his Jethro Bodine role as a marketing opportunity toward the gambling and hotel industry. Baer obtained the sublicensing rights, including food and beverage rights, to \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" from CBS in 1991. His business partner estimates the cost of obtaining the rights and developing the ideas has been US$1 million. Sixty-five \"Beverly Hillbillies\" slot machines were built in 1999 and placed in 10 casinos.", "Return of the Beverly Hillbillies  Return of the Beverly Hillbillies (also known as Beverly Hillbillies Solve the Energy Crisis) is a 1981 American made-for-television comedy film based on the 1962\u20131971 sitcom \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" which reunited original cast members Buddy Ebsen, Donna Douglas and Nancy Kulp reprising their characters of Jed Clampett, Elly May Clampett and Jane Hathaway, along with newcomers Werner Klemperer as C.D. Medford, Ray Young as Jethro Bodine and Imogene Coca as Granny's 100-year-old mother; noticeably absent are cast members Irene Ryan (Granny) and Raymond Bailey (Milburn Drysdale), who had died in 1973 and 1980 respectively, and Max Baer Jr. (the original Jethro) who declined to participate. The film was produced and written by original series creator Paul Henning and was intended as a pilot for a proposed revival of the series, but this never materialized. \"Return of the Beverly Hillbillies\" premiered as \"The CBS Tuesday Night Movie\" on October 6, 1981. Following the death of Granny, Jed Clampett returned to his roots to live in a backwoods cabin in the town of Bug Tussle rather than living alone at his Beverly Hills mansion after having voluntarily divided his massive fortune between daughter Elly May and nephew Jethro Bodine, both of whom have remained on the West Coast (Jethro is now a successful Hollywood producer running his own movie studio and Elly May has opened a zoo for her beloved critters). Jane Hathaway, once the personal secretary of banker Mr. Milburn Drysdale of the Commerce Bank of Beverly Hills, is now a Washington bureaucrat working for the Department of Energy.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "\"The Legend of The Beverly Hillbillies\" special ignored several plot twists of the TV movie, notably Jethro was now not a film director, but a leading Los Angeles physician. Critter-loving Elly May was still in California with her animals, but Jed was back home in the Hills, having lost his fortune, stolen by the now-imprisoned banker Drysdale. Nancy Kulp had died in 1991 and was little referred to beyond the multitude of film clips that dotted the special. The special was released on VHS tape by CBS/Fox Video in 1995 and as a bonus feature on the Official Third Season DVD Set in 2009. \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" is still televised daily around the world in syndication. In the United States, the show is broadcast currently on MeTV, and was previously on TBS Superstation, Nick at Nite, TV Land, Hallmark Channel, and Superstation WGN. A limited number of episodes from the earlier portions of the series run have turned up in the public domain and as such are seen occasionally on many smaller networks such as Retro TV and MyFamily TV. MeTV Network airs \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" Monday-Saturday at 7 A.M. The show is distributed by CBS Television Distribution, the syndication arm of CBS Television Studios and the CBS network. It was previously distributed by CBS Films, Viacom Enterprises, Paramount Domestic Television, and CBS Paramount Domestic Television (all through corporate changes involving TV distribution rights to the early CBS library). The repeats of the show that debuted on CBS Daytime on September 5\u20139, 1966, as \"Mornin' Beverly Hillbillies\" through September 10, 1971 and on September 13\u201317, 1971 as \"The Beverly Hillbillies\" lasted up to winter 1971\u201372. It aired at 11:00\u201311:30 am"], "answer": {"text": "female lead in the school's production of The Music Man.", "answer_start": 1562}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she become involved with singing?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her first performance?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#4", "question": "Where did she attend school?", "rewrite": "Where did Teena Marie attend school?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic"], "answer": {"text": "Venice High School,", "answer_start": 1486}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she become involved with singing?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her first performance?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other acting roles?", "answer": {"text": "female lead in the school's production of The Music Man.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#5", "question": "How/when did she get her stage name?", "rewrite": "How/when did Teena Marie get her stage name?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country."], "answer": {"text": "eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies, credited as Tina Marie Brockert.", "answer_start": 629}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she become involved with singing?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her first performance?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other acting roles?", "answer": {"text": "female lead in the school's production of The Music Man.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she attend school?", "answer": {"text": "Venice High School,", "answer_start": 1486, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#6", "question": "What was her first single?", "rewrite": "What was Teena Marie's first single?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Ooo La La La (Teena Marie song) \"Ooo La La La\" is a single by American R&B singer Teena Marie, which was released in 1988 and is featured on her album \"Naked to the World\", released during the same year. The single became Teena Marie's biggest hit on the R&B chart. \" Ooo La La La\" peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart, and Marie's only number-one single on that chart. It peaked at number 85 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The single had a resurgence in popularity when the song was interpolated by the Fugees on the group's 1996 hit single \"Fu-Gee-La\". Trey Songz also heavily sampled the chorus of the song in his 2014 hit, \" Na Na\".<br> It was also covered by the trip hop group Attica Blues in 1998, on a Japan-exclusive single release."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she become involved with singing?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her first performance?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other acting roles?", "answer": {"text": "female lead in the school's production of The Music Man.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she attend school?", "answer": {"text": "Venice High School,", "answer_start": 1486, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How/when did she get her stage name?", "answer": {"text": "eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies, credited as Tina Marie Brockert.", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_1_q#7", "question": "Who were her parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Teena Marie's parents?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "daughter of construction worker Thomas Leslie Brockert and his wife, home renovator Mary Anne.", "answer_start": 51}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Teena Marie born?", "answer": {"text": "Mission Hills, Calif.", "answer_start": 179, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did she become involved with singing?", "answer": {"text": "She took to singing naturally, performing Harry Belafonte's Banana Boat Song by age two.", "answer_start": 383, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her first performance?", "answer": {"text": "When she was eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies,", "answer_start": 616, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she have any other acting roles?", "answer": {"text": "female lead in the school's production of The Music Man.", "answer_start": 1562, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she attend school?", "answer": {"text": "Venice High School,", "answer_start": 1486, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How/when did she get her stage name?", "answer": {"text": "eight years old, her parents began sending Tina on auditions which, among other things, netted her an acting role on The Beverly Hillbillies, credited as Tina Marie Brockert.", "answer_start": 629, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was her first single?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#0", "question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "rewrite": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic"], "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#1", "question": "Notable people she performed with ?", "rewrite": "Who are the notable people Teena Marie performed with?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country."], "answer": {"text": "She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1308}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#2", "question": "Best known songs?", "rewrite": "What are the best known songs of Teena Marie?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World."], "answer": {"text": "It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\",", "answer_start": 722}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Notable people she performed with ?", "answer": {"text": "She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1308, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#3", "question": "Did she go on tour?", "rewrite": "Did Teena Marie go on tour?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Jill Jones Jill Jones (born July 11, 1962) is an American singer and songwriter, who performed as a backing vocalist for Teena Marie and Prince in the 1980s. Jones was born in Lebanon, Ohio on July 11, 1962. Her mother, a fashion model, is of African American and Native American heritage, and her father, a jazz drummer, is Italian. Jones was raised mostly by her grandparents, until relocating to Los Angeles when her mother remarried. She began a singing career at age 15 as a backup vocalist for Teena Marie, whom her mother managed. Today, she maintains her own fan pages on Myspace and Facebook. Highlights from her early career include various collaborative works with Prince in the 1980s and 1990s, including a collaborative debut released under her own name. Since 2001, she has released three acoustic and dance albums, with 2009's \"Living for the Weekend\" being her most recent album. Jones met Prince in 1980 at age 18, when Teena Marie was the opening act during his \"Dirty Mind\" tour. Prince loved her voice, encouraged her to sing, and stayed in touch with Jones. She became a backup vocalist for Prince when he invited her to the Sunset Sound recording studios in 1982, to sing backing vocals for several tracks on the album \"1999\". She was credited under just her initials J.J. She also was featured in music videos for the songs \"1999\" and \"Little Red Corvette\", as well as extended rarely aired music video for \"Automatic\", and then joined the tour for \"1999\" to sing backing vocals with the Prince side-project Vanity 6. After the tour, she moved to Minneapolis and became Prince's on-and-off again girlfriend.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "Naked to the World concert tour,", "answer_start": 182}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Notable people she performed with ?", "answer": {"text": "She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1308, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Best known songs?", "answer": {"text": "It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\",", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#4", "question": "Any notable or especially interesting performances?", "rewrite": "Any notable or especially interesting performances of Teena Marie?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Pamela Williams Pamela Williams is an American smooth jazz saxophonist, songwriter, producer, and painter. Williams exhibits diverse musical elements in her repertoire, including nu Jazz, funk, R&B, house, Latin and pop. She is also known for her visual art. Williams at times features George Freeman, Jr., contemporary jazz pianist as her music director. Currently Williams tours all around the world. Williams grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which was also the adopted hometown of an early influence of hers, Grover Washington, Jr. Playing with the Martin Luther King Jazz Ensemble at King High School in Philadelphia's historic Germantown section, Williams was required to embrace both electric jazz-funk and hardcore bebop. In 1996, she first found fame as a member of Patti LaBelle's backup band, furthering her subsequent career. Williams has toured with Teena Marie and performed with Prince, Babyface and Chante Moore. She has appeared in music videos by artists ranging from Barry White (\"Come On\") to rapper/actress Queen Latifah (\"Hard Times\"). In 1996, Williams made her recording debut, \"Saxtress\", which was the \"Top Contemporary Jazz Album\", Billboard's Top 10 pick. A cover of Quincy Jones' \"The Secret Garden (Sweet Seduction Suite)\" includes guest performances by female soul vocalists Pat Peterson, Patti LaBelle, and Teena Marie; Teena Marie also heard on \"Latin Lullaby. \" The album also earned Williams a nomination for the Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards and the title of \"Best Female Contemporary Jazz Artist\" in 1996.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic"], "answer": {"text": "During her 1988 Naked to the World concert tour, she suffered a fall and was hospitalized for six months.", "answer_start": 166}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Notable people she performed with ?", "answer": {"text": "She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1308, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Best known songs?", "answer": {"text": "It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\",", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "Naked to the World concert tour,", "answer_start": 182, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#5", "question": "Most famous person she worked with?", "rewrite": "Most famous person Teena Marie worked with?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World."], "answer": {"text": "Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1382}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Notable people she performed with ?", "answer": {"text": "She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1308, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Best known songs?", "answer": {"text": "It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\",", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "Naked to the World concert tour,", "answer_start": 182, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Any notable or especially interesting performances?", "answer": {"text": "During her 1988 Naked to the World concert tour, she suffered a fall and was hospitalized for six months.", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#6", "question": "Did she win any awards or special recognition?", "rewrite": "Did Teena Marie win any awards or special recognition?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart", "answer_start": 733}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Notable people she performed with ?", "answer": {"text": "She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1308, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Best known songs?", "answer": {"text": "It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\",", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "Naked to the World concert tour,", "answer_start": 182, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Any notable or especially interesting performances?", "answer": {"text": "During her 1988 Naked to the World concert tour, she suffered a fall and was hospitalized for six months.", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Most famous person she worked with?", "answer": {"text": "Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1382, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_0e2e166767394f0baed103edd7a69636_0_q#7", "question": "Most interesting about the epic era?", "rewrite": "What is the most interesting event in Teena Marie's epic era?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records subsidiary that also allowed her to establish her own publishing company, Midnight Magnet. Epic released the concept album Robbery, which featured the hit \"Fix It\" (#21 R&B), as well as \"Shadow Boxing\" and \"Casanova Brown.\" (The latter was one of many tracks Teena Marie would write over the years about her real-life romance with one-time mentor Rick James. The relationship had ended by that point, but the two continued a sometimes tempestuous friendship until James' death, in August 2004.) In 1984, Teena Marie released her biggest-selling album, Starchild. It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 1985 and at No. 9 on the R&B chart. The label also released the moderate R&B hit \"Out on a Limb\", which peaked at No. 56 on the R&B chart but didn't break the Hot 100. \"14k\" was featured on the soundtrack of the film The Goonies (1985) but was not a hit (only making the U.S. R&B charts at #87). In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base and not as successful as its predecessors. She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder, for the soundtrack of the box office hit film Top Gun (1986). In 1988, she returned to R&B and funk, releasing the critically acclaimed album Naked to the World.", "Ivory (Teena Marie album) Ivory is the ninth album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released in 1990. It was her last album for Epic Records and was a commercial failure, only reaching #27 on the US Black Albums chart and #132 on the Billboard Albums chart (her lowest-placing album on both charts up to that date). Marie's use of hip hop elements on some tracks was considered jarring by many fans and critics. Two singles from the album, \"If I Were a Bell\" and \"Here's Looking at You\", performed respectably on the Black Singles chart, peaking at #8 and #11 respectively. The track \"Since Day One\" was produced and co-written by Jazzie B of British group Soul II Soul and reached #69 in the UK, Marie's highest charting single in that country since \"I Need Your Lovin'\" ten years previously. All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted.", "Starchild (Teena Marie album)  Starchild is the sixth album by Teena Marie, released in 1984. Following the relative commercial failure (in U.S. Pop Chart terms: The album peaked at #119 on the Pop chart; however, it reached #13 on the R&B chart compared to Starchild reaching #9.) of her previous album, \"Robbery\", \"Starchild\" became the highest-selling album of Marie's career. It peaked at #9 on the US Black Albums chart and #31 on the Billboard Albums chart. Lead single \"Lovergirl\" became a major hit, reaching #4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 (Marie's only top 30 hit on that chart). The track \" My Dear Mr. Gaye\" is a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who had been fatally shot and killed by his father on April 1, 1984. It was re-released by SoulMusic Records in 2012 as an Expanded Edition, containing 5 mixes as bonus tracks (see track listing below). All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted. Credits for \"Starchild\" adapted from Allmusic", "Lady T (album) Lady T is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Teena Marie, released by Motown's Gordy label on February 14, 1980. Released in 1980. The album was produced by Richard Rudolph, and the track \"Too Many Colors\" features the then 7 year-old Maya Rudolph, daughter of Rudolph and his late wife Minnie Riperton. The album was dedicated to Minnie Riperton. Lady T was the nickname of Teena Marie at Motown Records. The packaging of Teena Marie's debut album \"Wild and Peaceful\" had not included a picture of the singer, and the image on the sleeve of this album surprised many people who had assumed she was African-American. \"Lady T\" peaked at #18 on the Black Albums chart and #45 on the Pop Albums chart. Lead single \"Behind the Groove\" peaked at #21 on the US Black Singles chart and became Teena Marie's only top 20 hit in the United Kingdom, reaching #6 in that country.", "Congo Square (album) Congo Square is the thirteenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Teena Marie. Released in the United States on June 9, 2009, it would be her only album for the revived Stax label and the final album released before her death in late December 2010. The album features collaborations with Teena Marie's daughter Alia Rose\u2014who records under the name of Rose LeBeau\u2014and rapper MC Lyte, as well as Faith Evans, George Duke and Shirley Murdock. The album title references Congo Square, in the Trem\u00e9 in New Orleans, an area in which, during times of slavery, slaves were \"allowed to dance and sing in the wardrobe of their mother country on Sundays. \" Teena Marie said of the album: \"I've been through quite a few trials and tribulations over the last two years. I spent many of those hours in prayer and felt like God was putting his arms around me. I started thinking about the music I grew up on\u2014how inspired it was. Each song I was coming up with began to sound like the style of some favorite artist of mine from the past... Curtis Mayfield and Marvin Gaye, Billie Holliday, the old Chicago soul of The Emotions and the new Chicago vibe of Kanye West... Ice Cube's bumpin' in the trunk vibe and of course, Rick James. It's all in there.\" Teena Marie also expressed her appreciation for Faith Evans, saying, \"I've always loved Faith and her vocal style. She reminds me of me. Her correlation with Biggie\u2014having a career with him and without him\u2014reminds me of me and Rick [James]. I feel like she's a younger me. Of the younger ladies, she's the one I love most.\" All songs written by Teena Marie, except where noted."], "answer": {"text": "In 1986, Teena Marie released a rock music-influenced concept album titled Emerald City. It was controversial with her established fan base", "answer_start": 1125}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was Teena Marie's first big break?", "answer": {"text": "Contacted by Epic Records in the fall of 1982, after expressing dismay over her Motown contract, Teena Marie signed a worldwide deal with the Columbia Records", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Notable people she performed with ?", "answer": {"text": "She also recorded the rock-influenced track, \"Lead Me On\", co-produced by Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1308, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Best known songs?", "answer": {"text": "It yielded her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\",", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she go on tour?", "answer": {"text": "Naked to the World concert tour,", "answer_start": 182, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Any notable or especially interesting performances?", "answer": {"text": "During her 1988 Naked to the World concert tour, she suffered a fall and was hospitalized for six months.", "answer_start": 166, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Most famous person she worked with?", "answer": {"text": "Giorgio Moroder,", "answer_start": 1382, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did she win any awards or special recognition?", "answer": {"text": "her biggest hit \"Lovergirl\", which peaked at No. 4 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart", "answer_start": 733, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#0", "question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "rewrite": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived."], "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#1", "question": "Was this band successful?", "rewrite": "Was 64 Spoons band successful?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Following a particularly disastrous gig outing to Oldham and Carlisle in May 1980, the band played a couple of final gigs and then folded for good. Jakko subsequently commented \"They say that success is largely down to timing. Well, we timed it perfectly. We were the wrong band at the wrong time.\" A one-off 64 Spoons live reunion was planned in the mid-1990s but never happened. However, various 64 Spoons members still keep in touch and work together. Jakko and Lyndon Connah, in particular, are frequent collaborators (predominantly on Jakko\u2019s projects). 64 Spoons released one single during their lifetime, \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\". This is now a collector\u2019s item. 64 Spoons also recorded various sessions for an album. None of these were released during the band\u2019s existence, but the material was eventually compiled for a posthumous album called \"Landing On A Rat Column\". This was ultimately released in 1992 on Freshly Cut Records, over a decade after it was recorded. (The album did not include \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\", due to copyright issues as it had already appeared on a various-artists compilation album.) All of the members of 64 Spoons went on to have successful careers within the music industry. Although best known for having been Level 42's guitar player between 1991 and 1994, Jakko Jakszyk has also maintained a solo career producing a series of original albums. As a project partner, he\u2019s played with the jazz/songwriter/Indian music project Dizrhythmia (with Danny Thompson, Gavin Harrison and Pandit Dinesh ), the Henry Cow spin-off project The Lodge (with John Greaves and Peter Blegvad) and the British progressive rock band The Tangent.", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "\" Reflecting the band's youth, song topics included various forms of social and sexual awkwardness (\"It\u2019s Only A Party\", \"Aggressive Travelling\"), resistance to domesticity (\"Plonder On\"), the frustrations of suicide methods (\"Ich Bin Heidi\") and the music business (\"The Do's and Don'ts Of Path Laying\"), running away from home (\"Dear Clare\") and a rumination on pets and the afterlife (\"Tails In The Sky\"). 64 Spoons was formed by Lyndon Connah and Tam Neal, a pair of multi-instrumentalist friends who had been writing songs since the age of 10 (Tam having trained at the Royal Academy of Music). Their studies brought them into contact with Andy Crawford, a Royal College of Music flautist and classical guitar player with an interest in Early Music, but who also played bass guitar on the side. Coalescing around a line-up of Connah on drums, Crawford on bass and Neal on keyboards, 64 Spoons began playing concerts in and around their home base of Watford, Hertfordshire in 1976. One of the band's early audience members was a teenage musician called Jakko Jakszyk (generally known as \"Jakko\"), who had been drawn to the band by \"the ludicrous complexities of a fifteen-minute number called \"Life Is Unsaid\"\". Despite his youth, Jakko had already fronted his own band - Soon After - which his self-confessed \"dictatorial tendencies\" had ultimately reduced the band to a lineup of \"two screaming lead guitars and a trumpet\", the latter played by former National Youth Jazz Orchestra musician Ted Emmett.", "By 1975, Jakszyk was leading an eccentric jazz-rock band called Soon After. His self-confessed \"dictatorial tendencies\" reduced a bigger line-up to a trio of \"two screaming lead guitars and a trumpet\" (the latter played by ex-National Youth Jazz Orchestra member Ted Emmett). The band reached the finals of the 1975 Melody Maker National Rock/Folk competition, finishing third to a heavy metal band featuring future Clash co-leader Mick Jones and to a big band featuring future saxophone session musician Gary Barnacle. When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\" which supported Camel, Stackridge, and Judas Priest, then briefly joined a Tring-based band called Synthesis which played progressive rock in the Canterbury-scene vein. Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons, which he joined as guitarist and lead singer in 1976, co-writing much of the band's material. Between 1976 and 1980, 64 Spoons wrote and performed a blend of pop, progressive rock, jazz, and comedy (typified by their single \"Ladies Don't Have Willies\"). Boosted by an exuberant and funny live show, 64 Spoons proved popular with audiences but failed to gain an effective record deal or media breakthrough and split up in 1980. Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992, many years after it was recorded. Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\". 64 Spoons's work did, however, lead to friendships with several of the musicians who had inspired the band, notably keyboard player Dave Stewart. Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "Despite feeling that he was out of his musical depth, Jakko was soon installed as 64 Spoons\u2019 lead singer, guitarist and frontman, using his \"insecurities and arrogance\" to spur the band on. With Jakko now also contributing to the songwriting, the expanded 64 Spoons line-up produced a whole set's worth of new material. Despite this, Jakko abruptly quit 64 Spoons after the first concert with the new line-up, having chosen to join Warren Harry\u2019s punk/pop band (which had the advantage of already having a recording deal with Bronze Records). Before leaving, Jakko recommended Ted Emmett as his replacement. However, Jakko\u2019s tenure with Warren Harry was short-lived and musically unsatisfying (he had done it mostly for the money) and by 1977, he had rejoined 64 Spoons. Retaining Emmett (on trumpet and backing vocals) and continuing as a five-piece, the band spent the next three years touring and playing around the United Kingdom in small venues, building up a reputation as an interesting cult act. With punk rock now in fashion, 64 Spoons had to work hard to \"justify\" their progressive-rock-styled virtuosity. Jakko would later recall that the band had \"somehow survived for a number of years by working our arses off and attempting to make our musical vision more palatable. We did this by making the whole thing theatrical. Ridiculous set pieces that involved various band members dressing up, coupled with an almost Dada-esque approach to audience participation. \" Live gigs were animated affairs, with the band employing any entertainment tricks they could to keep the gig going. Neal and Connah frequently swapped roles between keyboard playing and drumming."], "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#2", "question": "How long did the band stay together?", "rewrite": "How long did 64 Spoons band stay together?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "By 1975, Jakszyk was leading an eccentric jazz-rock band called Soon After. His self-confessed \"dictatorial tendencies\" reduced a bigger line-up to a trio of \"two screaming lead guitars and a trumpet\" (the latter played by ex-National Youth Jazz Orchestra member Ted Emmett). The band reached the finals of the 1975 Melody Maker National Rock/Folk competition, finishing third to a heavy metal band featuring future Clash co-leader Mick Jones and to a big band featuring future saxophone session musician Gary Barnacle. When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\" which supported Camel, Stackridge, and Judas Priest, then briefly joined a Tring-based band called Synthesis which played progressive rock in the Canterbury-scene vein. Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons, which he joined as guitarist and lead singer in 1976, co-writing much of the band's material. Between 1976 and 1980, 64 Spoons wrote and performed a blend of pop, progressive rock, jazz, and comedy (typified by their single \"Ladies Don't Have Willies\"). Boosted by an exuberant and funny live show, 64 Spoons proved popular with audiences but failed to gain an effective record deal or media breakthrough and split up in 1980. Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992, many years after it was recorded. Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\". 64 Spoons's work did, however, lead to friendships with several of the musicians who had inspired the band, notably keyboard player Dave Stewart. Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "Following a particularly disastrous gig outing to Oldham and Carlisle in May 1980, the band played a couple of final gigs and then folded for good. Jakko subsequently commented \"They say that success is largely down to timing. Well, we timed it perfectly. We were the wrong band at the wrong time.\" A one-off 64 Spoons live reunion was planned in the mid-1990s but never happened. However, various 64 Spoons members still keep in touch and work together. Jakko and Lyndon Connah, in particular, are frequent collaborators (predominantly on Jakko\u2019s projects). 64 Spoons released one single during their lifetime, \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\". This is now a collector\u2019s item. 64 Spoons also recorded various sessions for an album. None of these were released during the band\u2019s existence, but the material was eventually compiled for a posthumous album called \"Landing On A Rat Column\". This was ultimately released in 1992 on Freshly Cut Records, over a decade after it was recorded. (The album did not include \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\", due to copyright issues as it had already appeared on a various-artists compilation album.) All of the members of 64 Spoons went on to have successful careers within the music industry. Although best known for having been Level 42's guitar player between 1991 and 1994, Jakko Jakszyk has also maintained a solo career producing a series of original albums. As a project partner, he\u2019s played with the jazz/songwriter/Indian music project Dizrhythmia (with Danny Thompson, Gavin Harrison and Pandit Dinesh ), the Henry Cow spin-off project The Lodge (with John Greaves and Peter Blegvad) and the British progressive rock band The Tangent.", "Despite feeling that he was out of his musical depth, Jakko was soon installed as 64 Spoons\u2019 lead singer, guitarist and frontman, using his \"insecurities and arrogance\" to spur the band on. With Jakko now also contributing to the songwriting, the expanded 64 Spoons line-up produced a whole set's worth of new material. Despite this, Jakko abruptly quit 64 Spoons after the first concert with the new line-up, having chosen to join Warren Harry\u2019s punk/pop band (which had the advantage of already having a recording deal with Bronze Records). Before leaving, Jakko recommended Ted Emmett as his replacement. However, Jakko\u2019s tenure with Warren Harry was short-lived and musically unsatisfying (he had done it mostly for the money) and by 1977, he had rejoined 64 Spoons. Retaining Emmett (on trumpet and backing vocals) and continuing as a five-piece, the band spent the next three years touring and playing around the United Kingdom in small venues, building up a reputation as an interesting cult act. With punk rock now in fashion, 64 Spoons had to work hard to \"justify\" their progressive-rock-styled virtuosity. Jakko would later recall that the band had \"somehow survived for a number of years by working our arses off and attempting to make our musical vision more palatable. We did this by making the whole thing theatrical. Ridiculous set pieces that involved various band members dressing up, coupled with an almost Dada-esque approach to audience participation. \" Live gigs were animated affairs, with the band employing any entertainment tricks they could to keep the gig going. Neal and Connah frequently swapped roles between keyboard playing and drumming.", "\" Reflecting the band's youth, song topics included various forms of social and sexual awkwardness (\"It\u2019s Only A Party\", \"Aggressive Travelling\"), resistance to domesticity (\"Plonder On\"), the frustrations of suicide methods (\"Ich Bin Heidi\") and the music business (\"The Do's and Don'ts Of Path Laying\"), running away from home (\"Dear Clare\") and a rumination on pets and the afterlife (\"Tails In The Sky\"). 64 Spoons was formed by Lyndon Connah and Tam Neal, a pair of multi-instrumentalist friends who had been writing songs since the age of 10 (Tam having trained at the Royal Academy of Music). Their studies brought them into contact with Andy Crawford, a Royal College of Music flautist and classical guitar player with an interest in Early Music, but who also played bass guitar on the side. Coalescing around a line-up of Connah on drums, Crawford on bass and Neal on keyboards, 64 Spoons began playing concerts in and around their home base of Watford, Hertfordshire in 1976. One of the band's early audience members was a teenage musician called Jakko Jakszyk (generally known as \"Jakko\"), who had been drawn to the band by \"the ludicrous complexities of a fifteen-minute number called \"Life Is Unsaid\"\". Despite his youth, Jakko had already fronted his own band - Soon After - which his self-confessed \"dictatorial tendencies\" had ultimately reduced the band to a lineup of \"two screaming lead guitars and a trumpet\", the latter played by former National Youth Jazz Orchestra musician Ted Emmett."], "answer": {"text": "When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\"", "answer_start": 520}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this band successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#3", "question": "Had the band recorded any albums?", "rewrite": "Had 64 Spoons band recorded any albums?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "By 1975, Jakszyk was leading an eccentric jazz-rock band called Soon After. His self-confessed \"dictatorial tendencies\" reduced a bigger line-up to a trio of \"two screaming lead guitars and a trumpet\" (the latter played by ex-National Youth Jazz Orchestra member Ted Emmett). The band reached the finals of the 1975 Melody Maker National Rock/Folk competition, finishing third to a heavy metal band featuring future Clash co-leader Mick Jones and to a big band featuring future saxophone session musician Gary Barnacle. When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\" which supported Camel, Stackridge, and Judas Priest, then briefly joined a Tring-based band called Synthesis which played progressive rock in the Canterbury-scene vein. Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons, which he joined as guitarist and lead singer in 1976, co-writing much of the band's material. Between 1976 and 1980, 64 Spoons wrote and performed a blend of pop, progressive rock, jazz, and comedy (typified by their single \"Ladies Don't Have Willies\"). Boosted by an exuberant and funny live show, 64 Spoons proved popular with audiences but failed to gain an effective record deal or media breakthrough and split up in 1980. Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992, many years after it was recorded. Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\". 64 Spoons's work did, however, lead to friendships with several of the musicians who had inspired the band, notably keyboard player Dave Stewart. Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "Despite feeling that he was out of his musical depth, Jakko was soon installed as 64 Spoons\u2019 lead singer, guitarist and frontman, using his \"insecurities and arrogance\" to spur the band on. With Jakko now also contributing to the songwriting, the expanded 64 Spoons line-up produced a whole set's worth of new material. Despite this, Jakko abruptly quit 64 Spoons after the first concert with the new line-up, having chosen to join Warren Harry\u2019s punk/pop band (which had the advantage of already having a recording deal with Bronze Records). Before leaving, Jakko recommended Ted Emmett as his replacement. However, Jakko\u2019s tenure with Warren Harry was short-lived and musically unsatisfying (he had done it mostly for the money) and by 1977, he had rejoined 64 Spoons. Retaining Emmett (on trumpet and backing vocals) and continuing as a five-piece, the band spent the next three years touring and playing around the United Kingdom in small venues, building up a reputation as an interesting cult act. With punk rock now in fashion, 64 Spoons had to work hard to \"justify\" their progressive-rock-styled virtuosity. Jakko would later recall that the band had \"somehow survived for a number of years by working our arses off and attempting to make our musical vision more palatable. We did this by making the whole thing theatrical. Ridiculous set pieces that involved various band members dressing up, coupled with an almost Dada-esque approach to audience participation. \" Live gigs were animated affairs, with the band employing any entertainment tricks they could to keep the gig going. Neal and Connah frequently swapped roles between keyboard playing and drumming.", "Following a particularly disastrous gig outing to Oldham and Carlisle in May 1980, the band played a couple of final gigs and then folded for good. Jakko subsequently commented \"They say that success is largely down to timing. Well, we timed it perfectly. We were the wrong band at the wrong time.\" A one-off 64 Spoons live reunion was planned in the mid-1990s but never happened. However, various 64 Spoons members still keep in touch and work together. Jakko and Lyndon Connah, in particular, are frequent collaborators (predominantly on Jakko\u2019s projects). 64 Spoons released one single during their lifetime, \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\". This is now a collector\u2019s item. 64 Spoons also recorded various sessions for an album. None of these were released during the band\u2019s existence, but the material was eventually compiled for a posthumous album called \"Landing On A Rat Column\". This was ultimately released in 1992 on Freshly Cut Records, over a decade after it was recorded. (The album did not include \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\", due to copyright issues as it had already appeared on a various-artists compilation album.) All of the members of 64 Spoons went on to have successful careers within the music industry. Although best known for having been Level 42's guitar player between 1991 and 1994, Jakko Jakszyk has also maintained a solo career producing a series of original albums. As a project partner, he\u2019s played with the jazz/songwriter/Indian music project Dizrhythmia (with Danny Thompson, Gavin Harrison and Pandit Dinesh ), the Henry Cow spin-off project The Lodge (with John Greaves and Peter Blegvad) and the British progressive rock band The Tangent.", "\" Reflecting the band's youth, song topics included various forms of social and sexual awkwardness (\"It\u2019s Only A Party\", \"Aggressive Travelling\"), resistance to domesticity (\"Plonder On\"), the frustrations of suicide methods (\"Ich Bin Heidi\") and the music business (\"The Do's and Don'ts Of Path Laying\"), running away from home (\"Dear Clare\") and a rumination on pets and the afterlife (\"Tails In The Sky\"). 64 Spoons was formed by Lyndon Connah and Tam Neal, a pair of multi-instrumentalist friends who had been writing songs since the age of 10 (Tam having trained at the Royal Academy of Music). Their studies brought them into contact with Andy Crawford, a Royal College of Music flautist and classical guitar player with an interest in Early Music, but who also played bass guitar on the side. Coalescing around a line-up of Connah on drums, Crawford on bass and Neal on keyboards, 64 Spoons began playing concerts in and around their home base of Watford, Hertfordshire in 1976. One of the band's early audience members was a teenage musician called Jakko Jakszyk (generally known as \"Jakko\"), who had been drawn to the band by \"the ludicrous complexities of a fifteen-minute number called \"Life Is Unsaid\"\". Despite his youth, Jakko had already fronted his own band - Soon After - which his self-confessed \"dictatorial tendencies\" had ultimately reduced the band to a lineup of \"two screaming lead guitars and a trumpet\", the latter played by former National Youth Jazz Orchestra musician Ted Emmett."], "answer": {"text": "Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992,", "answer_start": 1234}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this band successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the band stay together?", "answer": {"text": "When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\"", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#4", "question": "Did the album do well?", "rewrite": "Did Landing on a Rat Column album do well?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["By 1975, Jakszyk was leading an eccentric jazz-rock band called Soon After. His self-confessed \"dictatorial tendencies\" reduced a bigger line-up to a trio of \"two screaming lead guitars and a trumpet\" (the latter played by ex-National Youth Jazz Orchestra member Ted Emmett). The band reached the finals of the 1975 Melody Maker National Rock/Folk competition, finishing third to a heavy metal band featuring future Clash co-leader Mick Jones and to a big band featuring future saxophone session musician Gary Barnacle. When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\" which supported Camel, Stackridge, and Judas Priest, then briefly joined a Tring-based band called Synthesis which played progressive rock in the Canterbury-scene vein. Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons, which he joined as guitarist and lead singer in 1976, co-writing much of the band's material. Between 1976 and 1980, 64 Spoons wrote and performed a blend of pop, progressive rock, jazz, and comedy (typified by their single \"Ladies Don't Have Willies\"). Boosted by an exuberant and funny live show, 64 Spoons proved popular with audiences but failed to gain an effective record deal or media breakthrough and split up in 1980. Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992, many years after it was recorded. Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\". 64 Spoons's work did, however, lead to friendships with several of the musicians who had inspired the band, notably keyboard player Dave Stewart. Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "Following a particularly disastrous gig outing to Oldham and Carlisle in May 1980, the band played a couple of final gigs and then folded for good. Jakko subsequently commented \"They say that success is largely down to timing. Well, we timed it perfectly. We were the wrong band at the wrong time.\" A one-off 64 Spoons live reunion was planned in the mid-1990s but never happened. However, various 64 Spoons members still keep in touch and work together. Jakko and Lyndon Connah, in particular, are frequent collaborators (predominantly on Jakko\u2019s projects). 64 Spoons released one single during their lifetime, \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\". This is now a collector\u2019s item. 64 Spoons also recorded various sessions for an album. None of these were released during the band\u2019s existence, but the material was eventually compiled for a posthumous album called \"Landing On A Rat Column\". This was ultimately released in 1992 on Freshly Cut Records, over a decade after it was recorded. (The album did not include \"Ladies Don\u2019t Have Willies\", due to copyright issues as it had already appeared on a various-artists compilation album.) All of the members of 64 Spoons went on to have successful careers within the music industry. Although best known for having been Level 42's guitar player between 1991 and 1994, Jakko Jakszyk has also maintained a solo career producing a series of original albums. As a project partner, he\u2019s played with the jazz/songwriter/Indian music project Dizrhythmia (with Danny Thompson, Gavin Harrison and Pandit Dinesh ), the Henry Cow spin-off project The Lodge (with John Greaves and Peter Blegvad) and the British progressive rock band The Tangent.", "In the sleevenotes to \"Landing On A Rat Column\", \"Vox\" magazine editor Paul Colbert commented that what he still found surprising about the 64 Spoons recordings were the presence of \"1990s ideas being imagined, played and recorded in the late 1970s. There are twists and turns in this plot you will recognise in present pop music, present funk, present jazz and present rock.\"", "Bulletproofing  Bulletproofing is the process of making something capable of stopping a bullet or similar high velocity projectiles e.g. shrapnel. The term bullet resistance is often preferred because few, if any, practical materials provide complete protection against all types of bullets, or multiple hits in the same location. In 1887, George E. Goodfellow, of Tombstone, Arizona, documented three cases where bullets had failed to penetrate silk articles of clothing. He described the shooting death of Charlie Storms by gambler Luke Short. Although shot in the heart, \"not a drop of blood\" exited Charlie Storms' wound. Goodfellow found though the bullet did indeed kill Charlie Storms, it failed to pass through a silk handkerchief, essentially catching the bullet, but it was not enough to stop the bullet entirely. Another was the killing of Billy Grounds by Assistant City Marshal Billy Breakenridge. Goodfellow examined Billy and found that two buckshot grains had penetrated Billy's thick Mexican felt hat band embroidered with silver wire, penetrating his head and flattened against the posterior wall of the skull. Another of the grains had passed through two heavy wool shirts and a blanket-lined canvas coat and vest before coming to rest deep in his chest. But Goodfellow was fascinated to find in the folds of a Chinese silk neckerchief around Grounds' neck two shotgun pellets but no holes and no wounds. He described a wound to Curly Bill Brocius who had been shot through the right side of the neck, narrowly missing his carotid artery. A portion of his silk neckerchief was carried into the wound by the bullet, preventing a more serious injury, but the scarf was undamaged. \" The Tombstone Epitaph\" reported, \"A silken armor may be the next invention.\"", "The album was recorded at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, with Wilson co-producing the album \u2013 his first production on a Durutti Column album \u2013 with Michael Johnson, who also engineered the record. Johnson was best known for typically engineering New Order's records. The album was subsequently mixed at Britannia Row Studios and mastered at CTS Studios. The recording of \"Without Mercy\" was also an attempt on the behalf of Wilson to get Reilly to spend more than only three days in the recording of a Durutti Column album, \"to try and slow down the process,\" thereby \"stretching the recording possibilities of the simplistic Durutti Column;\" Mick Middles of \"The Quietus\" reflected: \"Quite why the anti-punk aspects of this exercise didn't dawn on him remains an intriguing question.\" \"Without Mercy\" was subsequently recorded in only five days, which Wilson deemed \"an abject failure.\" Using \"Little Mercy\" as its foundation, \" Without Mercy\" is a two-part, album-length instrumental piece or musical suite, with the first part (\"Without Mercy 1\") on side one and the second part (\"Without Mercy 2\") on side two. It expands greatly upon the classical orchestration and accompaniment which were present on \"Another Setting\", especially via the appearance of the numerous additional musicians, and the inclusion of instruments as disperse as trumpet, viola and cor anglais, alongside Mitchell's percussion and Veilly's work on guitar, keyboard and bass, contribute to a blend of new and old instruments. John Keats' ballad poem \"La Belle Dame sans Merci\" (1819) was used for the album's narrative, which Wilson described as \"boy meets girl, boy loses girl and no birds sing.\" Prendergast described the album as an orchestral \"musical setting\" for Keats' poem."], "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this band successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the band stay together?", "answer": {"text": "When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\"", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Had the band recorded any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992,", "answer_start": 1234, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#5", "question": "What was the next band he would join?", "rewrite": "What was the next band Jakko Jakszyk would join?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived."], "answer": {"text": "Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "answer_start": 1558}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this band successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the band stay together?", "answer": {"text": "When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\"", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Had the band recorded any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992,", "answer_start": 1234, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#6", "question": "Was Rapid Eye Movement a success?", "rewrite": "Was Rapid Eye Movement band a success?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["\u2026When you wake in the morning, the naughtinesses and evil passions with which you went to bed have been folded up small and placed at the bottom of your mind; and on the top, beautifully aired, are spread out your prettier thoughts, ready for you to put on.\u2019 \" The stories of Peter Pan take place in a mental world and contain many allusions to aspects of cognitive psychology, some of which predate their formal scientific investigation. The first semi-multiple-systematic study of the connection between sleep and memory was conducted in 1924 by Jenkins and Dallenbach, for the purpose of testing Hermann Ebbinghaus' memory decay theory. Their results showed that memory retention was much better after a period of sleep compared to the same time interval spent awake. It was not until 1953, however, when sleep was delineated into rapid eye movement sleep and non-rapid eye movement sleep, that studies focusing on the effect of specific sleep stages on memory were conducted. As behavioral characteristics of the effects of sleep and memory are becoming increasingly understood and supported, researchers are turning to the weakly understood neural basis of sleep and memory. Sleep progresses in a cyclical fashion through five stages. Four of these stages are collectively referred to as \"non-rapid eye movement\" (NREM) sleep whereas the last cycle is a rapid eye movement period. A cycle takes approximately 90\u2013110 minutes to complete. Wakefulness is found through EEG measures to be characterized by \"beta waves\" which are the highest in frequency and lowest in amplitude and tend to move inconsistently due to the vast amount of stimuli a person encounters while awake. During the first half of the night, the largest portion of sleep is spent as SWS, but as the night progresses SWS stages decrease in length while REM stages increase.", "Non-rapid eye movement sleep  Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), also known as quiescent sleep, is, collectively, sleep stages 1\u20133, previously known as stages 1\u20134. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) is not included. There are distinct electroencephalographic and other characteristics seen in each stage. Unlike REM sleep, there is usually little or no eye movement during these stages. Dreaming is rare during NREM sleep, and muscles are not paralyzed as in REM sleep. People who do not go through the sleeping stages properly get stuck in NREM sleep, and because muscles are not paralyzed a person may be able to sleepwalk. According to studies, the mental activity that takes place during NREM sleep is believed to be thought-like, whereas REM sleep includes hallucinatory and bizarre content. The mental activity that occurs in NREM and REM sleep is a result of two different generators, which also explains the difference in mental activity. In addition, there is a parasympathetic dominance during NREM. During the period of Non-REM sleep, the mindset of a person is more organized. The reported differences between the REM and NREM activity are believed to arise from differences in the memory stages that occur during the two types of sleep. It has been found through several experiments that low levels of stage 3 sleep are observed in about 40-50% of people with acute and chronic schizophrenia (who typically experience abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep). NREM sleep was divided into four stages in the Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K) standardization of 1968. That has been reduced to three in the 2007 update by The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Sleep spindles are unique to NREM sleep.", "Rapid eye movement sleep  Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly. The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves. Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. REM sleep is physiologically different from the other phases of sleep, which are collectively referred to as non-REM sleep (NREM sleep, NREMS, synchronized sleep). REM and non-REM sleep alternate within one sleep cycle, which lasts about 90 minutes in adult humans. As sleep cycles continue, they shift towards a higher proportion of REM sleep. The transition to REM sleep brings marked physical changes, beginning with electrical bursts called PGO waves originating in the brain stem. Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation, and circulation which do not occur in any other modes of sleeping or waking. The body abruptly loses muscle tone, a state known as REM atonia. Professor Nathaniel Kleitman and his student Eugene Aserinsky defined rapid eye movement and linked it to dreams in 1953. REM sleep was further described by researchers including William Dement and Michel Jouvet.", "Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder  Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder (more specifically a parasomnia) in which people act out their dreams. It involves abnormal behavior during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The major feature of RBD is loss of muscle atonia (i.e., the loss of paralysis) during otherwise intact REM sleep (during which paralysis is not only normal but necessary). REM sleep is the stage of sleep in which most vivid dreaming occurs. The loss of motor inhibition leads to a wide spectrum of behavioral release during sleep. This extends from simple limb twitches to more complex integrated movement. These behaviors can be violent in nature and in some cases will result in injury to either the individual or their bedmates. RBD is a very strong predictor of progression to a synucleinopathy (usually Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies). Melatonin is useful in the treatment of RBD. RBD was first described in 1986. RBD is characterized by the dreamer acting out his or her dreams, with complex behaviors. These dreams often involve screaming, shouting, laughing, crying, arm flailing, kicking, punching, choking, and even jumping out of bed. The actions in an episode can result in injuries to oneself or one's bedmate. The sleeping person may be unaware of these movements. Dreams often involve violent or aggressive actions, and an attack theme like being chased by people or animals. Because violence in dreams is more likely to be recalled, this could be an artifact of recall bias or selection bias. The individual with RBD may not be aware of having it. In a normal sleep cycle, REM sleep may be experienced at intervals of between 90 minutes and two hours every night, which means RBD episodes may occur some four times a night.", "He described the opening song \"Circadian\" as being about \"falling asleep and escaping the day, and using sleep as a reprieve\", the middle of the album being \"the gestation cycle of a relationship from start to finish\", and the ending track \"Rapid Eye Movement\" being about waking up from a dream and having to face actual reality. Cook revealed \"Rapid Eye Movement\" was written early on in the writing process, and the song \"opened up [his] thought process to the rest of this record\". On using sleep and dream as a narrative theme, he added, \"I like that romantic idea of living an entire life for yourself while you\u2019re asleep\". The title of the album is from a line in lyrics from a song on the album called \"Rapid Eye Movement\" \u2013 \"Give me one more quiet night, 'fore this loud morning gets it right and does me in.\" AllMusic gave the album 3 out of 5 stars stating that 'This Loud Morning winds up as an album that\u2019s primarily textural mood music for the morning, and one that\u2019s not all that loud either'. American Songwriter also gave the album 3 out of 5 stars stating that 'This Loud Morning has a much more artistic vibe combined with a rawness evident in Cook\u2019s vocal performances not found on his previous Rob Cavallo produced release. This is refreshing considering Serletic\u2019s meticulous production style often results in songs becoming trapped in immense layers of over produced schlock. The album includes balanced amounts of strings, piano, and crunchy guitar, which all suit this more mature sounding material. Cook\u2019s more developed lyrics, melodic structures (he co-wrote all 12 tracks), and grittier vocal performances throughout the album abundantly display his overall growth as an artist'. Entertainment Weekly also gave the album a positive review."], "answer": {"text": "Rapid Eye Movement toured Spain, France, and the UK and recorded material but split up due to Stewart's desire to concentrate on studio work", "answer_start": 352}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this band successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the band stay together?", "answer": {"text": "When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\"", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Had the band recorded any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992,", "answer_start": 1234, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the next band he would join?", "answer": {"text": "Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "answer_start": 1558, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#7", "question": "What studio work did he concentrate on?", "rewrite": "What studio work did Jakko Jakszyk concentrate on?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived.", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this band successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the band stay together?", "answer": {"text": "When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\"", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Had the band recorded any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992,", "answer_start": 1234, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the next band he would join?", "answer": {"text": "Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "answer_start": 1558, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Rapid Eye Movement a success?", "answer": {"text": "Rapid Eye Movement toured Spain, France, and the UK and recorded material but split up due to Stewart's desire to concentrate on studio work", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_459756e00f814075982a9ef8b704aaac_1_q#8", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article besides the bands Jakko Jakszyk joined??", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Live at the Orpheum Live at the Orpheum is a live album by the band King Crimson, released by Discipline Global Mobile records in 2015. The album was recorded on 30 September and 1 October at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles, California on the band's The Elements of King Crimson US tour of 2014. King Crimson's 2014 tour marked guitarist, founder and leader Robert Fripp's return to active service after a long legal battle with Universal Music Group. This line-up of King Crimson is notable for featuring three drummers, Pat Mastelloto, Gavin Harrison and Bill Rieflin. The other members of the band are long standing bass player Tony Levin, Mel Collins who was previously in the band from 1970 to 1972, also playing on \"Red\" in 1974, Jakko Jakszyk on guitar and vocals, and Robert Fripp. All the shows on the tour were recorded on multitrack with Jakko Jakszyk sorting through the recordings. The two shows at the Orpheum Theatre in Los Angeles were chosen for release. The album features 41 minutes of selections from the set and was released on 13 January 2015 on CD/DVD-A and heavy-weight vinyl. Other songs performed through the two shows but not included in either release: \"Larks' Tongues in Aspic, Parts One and Two\" , \"VROOOM/Coda: Marine 475\" , \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" , \"Pictures of a City\" , \"Level Five\" , \"Red\" , \"The Talking Drum\" , \"Hell Hounds of Krim\" , \"21st Century Schizoid Man\" , and \"The Light of Day\" .", "64 Spoons  64 Spoons (also known as the Legendary 64 Spoons, or simply the Spoons) were a British pop and rock band during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the band never met with commercial success, they were the launch pad for Jakko Jakszyk and Lyndon Connah. Due to the formal musical training and tastes of the band members, 64 Spoons were a musically accomplished and eclectic band who merged \"ten-minute collections of rich jazz chords, contrapuntal bass lines, and liquid guitar solos\" with a strong sense of pop and bathetic English comedy. The band\u2019s progressive rock (Hatfield and the North, Egg, Gentle Giant, King Crimson, Allan Holdsworth), classical (Bart\u00f3k, Delius) and avant-garde (Henry Cow, Frank Zappa) influences were mingled with disco, West Coast sounds, and various types of \u201860s and \u201870s pop. Jakko Jakszyk remembers that \"We played our, at times, complex compositions with a punk-like ferocity and made sure that the lyrics to the songs were consciously unpretentious. Indeed, they contained a level of wit and imagery that would embarrass a \"Carry On\" scriptwriter. There were musical and visual jokes aplenty. Three years into our career and we were once memorably described as 'Stravinsky meets The Barron Knights.", "The song debuted on American Commercial Radio in June 2012 and by September it had reached the FMQB U.S. Commercial Radio Top 40 where it remained for 10 weeks (and stayed in the top 100 for 25 weeks) peaking at No. 32. Edison's Children did live performances in Montreal, Wolverhampton England and Port Zelande Netherlands opening up for Marillion's \"Brave\" performances during the Marillion 2013 Weekend. The Montreal show was recorded and released as a B-Side on their \" In the Last Waking Moments... \"-EP Single. The UK show was released on their latest album \"Somewhere Between Here and There\". Edison's Children released their second album, \"The Final Breath Before November\", on 13 December 2013. It was mixed by Jakko Jakszyk, lead singer of King Crimson, John Mitchell, lead guitarist of It Bites, and Arena and Robin Boult, lead guitarist of Fish. The album featured Eric Blackwood on lead vocals and guitar and composition again along with Henry Rogers of DeeExpus and Touchstone. Pete Trewavas co-wrote and produced the album with Eric Blackwood and played lead guitar and lead vocals on many of tracks along with bass and programming for the symphonic orchestration. Edison's Children is expecting their third album \" Somewhere Between Here and There\", a \"bridge album\" containing 7 new songs and 6 original mixes from The Final Breath Before November by King Crimson's Jakko Jakszyk and John Mitchell, along with the live version of A Million Miles Away from Wolves UK to be released in June 2015. Work has already begun on a 4th epic album which is expected to be much \"harder\" than the more symphonic The Final Breath Before November.", "A Scarcity of Miracles A Scarcity of Miracles is the lone album (to date) by Jakszyk, Fripp and Collins, released in 2011. It united singer-songwriter and guitarist Jakko Jakszyk with two musicians best known at the time as King Crimson members, Robert Fripp and Mel Collins. Rhythmic support came from two more King Crimson musicians - bass/Chapman Stick player Tony Levin and drummer Gavin Harrison). Presented as \"a King Crimson ProjeKct\" (or spin-off), the album can also be seen as a conceptual blueprint for the revived and revised King Crimson which returned to active duty in 2013. Originally the frontman for eccentric English progressive pop band 64 Spoons, Jakko Jakszyk had previously had an intermittent solo career as well as putting in a stint as guitarist for Level 42, leading the one-off Dizrhythmia project and working with a variety of musicians including Dave Stewart & Barbara Gaskin, Swing Out Sister, Jansen Barbieri Karn and Tom Robinson. Between 2002 and 2007, he fronted, sang for and played guitar for 21st Century Schizoid Band, a project set up to reunite King Crimson members from the 1960s and 1970s lineups of the band and to play the band's music from that period. This brought him closer into the King Crimson circle, as did his 2006 solo album \"The Bruised Romantic Glee Club\" which included contributions from various King Crimson members as well as bonus covers of two tracks by the band. The basis for \"A Scarcity of Miracles\" album came from guitar improvisations recorded by Jakszyk and Fripp in Wiltshire, England with no particular intention of recording an album. With Fripp's agreement, Jakszyk took the resulting recordings and reworked them as songs.", "Mark King assumed (erroneously) that Allan Holdsworth would not be interested in taking the position. Instead the band recruited well-respected art-pop guitarist, session player and sometime solo artist Jakko Jakszyk: the former frontman for 64 Spoons, he'd also collaborated with Tom Robinson, Sam Brown and Stewart/Gaskin among others. Although he did not play on \"Guaranteed\", Jakszyk appeared on the album's cover photo and took part in promotional duties and the tour for the album, as well as playing on two B-sides from this era (\"At This Great Distance\" and \"As Years Go By\"). Unlike Husband, Jakszyk never became a full legal member of the band (apparently due to \"record company politics\"). However, following the end of promotion for \"Guaranteed\", the King-Lindup-Husband-Jakszyk line began writing and recording new material together, with at least two songs (\"Fire\" and \"Free Your Soul\") completed. Following the next development in the band's history, this work was shelved and remains unreleased. In early 1993, Gary Husband left Level 42, leading to the return of group founder member Phil Gould as Level 42's drummer (and principal lyricist) for 1994's \"Forever Now\" album. Further changes to the band were evident in that Jakko Jakszyk did not play on the album: all guitars were performed by the American session guitarist Danny Blume (erroneously credited as \"Danny Bloom\"). Although \"Forever Now\" was a critical success, the reunion of Gould and the group was short-lived."], "answer": {"text": "During this period, Jakszyk also contributed to sessions for the former Van der Graaf Generator saxophonist David Jackson's album The Long Hello Vol. 3 (eventually released in 1982).", "answer_start": 673}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the first band that Jakko Jakszyk joined?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk's first significant band was 64 Spoons,", "answer_start": 759, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was this band successful?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How long did the band stay together?", "answer": {"text": "When Soon After split up, Jakszyk toured with \"a strange little band\"", "answer_start": 520, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Had the band recorded any albums?", "answer": {"text": "Their only album, Landing on a Rat Column, was eventually released in 1992,", "answer_start": 1234, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the album do well?", "answer": {"text": "Jakszyk would described them as \"the wrong band at the wrong time\".", "answer_start": 1344, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the next band he would join?", "answer": {"text": "Following the split of 64 Spoons, Jakszyk joined Stewart, Rick Biddulph, and Pip Pyle in the band Rapid Eye Movement.", "answer_start": 1558, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was Rapid Eye Movement a success?", "answer": {"text": "Rapid Eye Movement toured Spain, France, and the UK and recorded material but split up due to Stewart's desire to concentrate on studio work", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What studio work did he concentrate on?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_49ee54e323134e5fa92b9a6678f7e77a_0_q#0", "question": "What was an example of the musician Panda Bear's solo work?", "rewrite": "What was an example of the musician Panda Bear's solo work?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Panda Bear (Noah Lennox). It was released on January 9, 2015 by the Domino Recording Company. \" Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was preceded by the digital release of an extended play, \"Mr Noah\", and two singles, \"Mr Noah\" and \"Boys Latin\". It was followed by the extended play \"Crosswords\". Having recorded his bleaker previous album \"Tomboy\" (2011) in a basement, Lennox wanted to go into the opposite direction on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", aiming for a more \"lively\" and \"busy\" sound. He began working on the album while working on Animal Collective's \"Centipede Hz\" (2012) in Texas. Sonic Boom, who mixed and mastered Panda Bear's previous album \"Tomboy\", co-produced the album. The two spent two weeks in November 2013 refining demo recordings Panda Bear had made at home and spent five weeks, beginning in January 2014, finishing the album. Sonic Boom mixed the album on the Balearic island of Menorca. About the album title, Lennox said \"It's about presenting something that we don't have an easy time dealing with in a costume that's just a little bit more clown-y. \" It was also inspired by the titles of 1970s dub collaboration albums such as \"Augustus Pablo Meets Lee Perry and the Wailers Band\" and \"King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown\". The lyrical themes of the album center around personal growth, although Lennox wanted to discuss issues on a larger scale because he wanted to avoid \"self-obsession or narcissism\". The drum programming on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was influenced by 1990s hip-hop.", "Doin' It Right \"Doin' It Right\" is a song written and performed by French electronic music duo Daft Punk and American musician Panda Bear of the band Animal Collective. It is a track on Daft Punk's fourth studio album \"Random Access Memories\" (2013), and was the last to be recorded for the album. The song was distributed to American alternative radio stations on 3 September 2013 as the third single from \"Random Access Memories\". Prior to this, it appeared on record charts in France, the United States and the United Kingdom due to digital downloads of the album. \"Doin' It Right\" received a positive critical reception, with some reviewers opining it as the group's best work out of the entire LP. \"Doin' It Right\" was the last song to be recorded for \"Random Access Memories\". Noah Lennox, better known by his stage name Panda Bear, had first heard of Daft Punk through the music video of the song \"Around the World\", which introduced him to many aspects of electronic dance music. He later asked the duo to remix an Animal Collective song, which they declined. A request to remix a solo Panda Bear track was also refused by Daft Punk as they no longer had interest in doing \"that kind of thing\". The duo however would keep Panda Bear in mind for a collaboration, and invited him to the \"Random Access Memories\" sessions in Paris a year and a half later. Lennox's contribution was recorded within a three-day window, which went against his usual approach of gestating an idea over a long period. He recalled that after the microphones in the studio were prepared and tested for his voice, he was instructed to simply \"do something good\". He initially tried several ideas, none of which resonated with the group in the studio. The idea that became \"Doin' It", "The second single, \"Boys Latin\", was released on December 15, and was accompanied by a music video directed by Isaiah Saxon and Sean Hellfritsch. The music video had its premiere on Adult Swim. A \"Boys Latin\" remix by Andy Stott was released on March 2, 2015. A music video for the track \"Tropic of Cancer\" was directed by fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner and released on April 8. On January 4, 2015, Lennox began his global radio campaign to premiere nine new tracks from the album. Various radio stations from around the world each premiered different tracks. Two days later, he launched an interactive website including music by him and Sonic Boom, videos by Danny Perez, as well as graphics by Marco Papiro, Patakk, and Hugo Oliveira. A short documentary detailing the creation, \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", directed by Sam Fleischner, was released on January 29. \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was praised by contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 34 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Robin Murray of \"Clash\" complimented Panda Bear's use of his \"perfect\" tenor on \"Mr Noah\". Writing for \"Consequence of Sound\", Adam Kivel lauded the \"multivalent\" production of the album but criticized Panda Bear's choice not to deviate from his signature sound. Matthew Ritchie of \"Exclaim!\" commended Panda Bear's lyrics and \"expansive and deeply resonating melodies\" that were presented on the album. Writing for \"Now\", Samantha Edwards praised Panda Bear's vocals and their diversity throughout the album. Jake Kennedy of \"Record Collector\" appreciated Panda Bear's ability to experiment. Sample credits", "Geologist (musician)  Brian Ross Weitz (March 26, 1979), also known by his stage name Geologist, is a musician best known as a founding member of the experimental pop group Animal Collective. He provides electronic sound manipulations and samples for the band. Weitz grew up in Philadelphia and Baltimore and currently lives in Washington, DC. His nickname comes from a friend mistaking his major in college, as well as the headlamp he wears in order to see his electronic equipment during live shows. Geologist attended the Park School of Baltimore where he met future Animal Collective bandmates David Portner (aka Avey Tare) and Josh Dibb (aka Deakin). Avey Tare, Geologist and Deakin first started an indie-rock band called \"Automine\" with two other schoolmates. Deakin introduced his childhood friend Noah Lennox (aka Panda Bear) to Avey Tare and Geologist. Throughout their high school years and winter/summer college breaks, the four of them played music in different variations and often solo, swapping homemade recordings and sharing ideas. Geologist went on to study at Columbia University, while Avey Tare went to NYU, Panda Bear to Boston University, and Deakin to Brandeis University. Avey Tare recorded tracks with Panda Bear which eventually became \"Spirit They're Gone, Spirit They've Vanished,\" which was released under \"Avey Tare and Panda Bear\" in August 2000. After Panda Bear and Deakin both left school and moved to New York in 2000, the group's music became more collaborative, and Avey and Panda began playing clubs around New York. Geologist soon began performing with the group who eventually became \"Animal Collective.\" He first appeared on their 2001 release \"Danse Manatee\", and has contributed to every Animal Collective recording to date, except for their 2004 \"Sung Tongs\" LP and their 2003", "Lennox's early musical influences included electronic styles, and his solo work has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock. Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999 on Soccer Star Records. After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007. Of his songwriting style, Lennox says \"I get impatient writing songs, I can't spend more than a couple of hours before I get frustrated. So I got to kind of spit it out real fast. My favorite songs are the ones where I worked really really fast on, when it comes all out in like two hours or something.\" Panda Bear's fourth album Tomboy was released April 12, 2011 on his own label, Paw Tracks. He had started performing material from Tomboy on December 5, 2008, at a show with No Age in Miami, Florida. During a brief European tour in January 2010, he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material. On March 7, 2010, a tour setlist with titles for ten of the new songs was posted on Panda Bear's MySpace blog. Panda Bear has also played Primavera Sound Festival in 2010. The single \"Tomboy\" and the b-side \"Slow Motion\" were released in July 2010. It was announced in August that singles \"You Can Count on Me\" and \"Alsatian Darn\" would be released via Domino on September 28. The limited 500 copies of \"You Can Count On Me\" sold out in less than a day. The single \"Last Night at the Jetty\" was released December 2010. The single \"Surfer's Hymn\" was released March 28, 2011."], "answer": {"text": "he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007.", "answer_start": 342}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_49ee54e323134e5fa92b9a6678f7e77a_0_q#1", "question": "What were some singles released from that album?", "rewrite": "What were some singles released from Panda Bear's solo album Person Pitch?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Person Pitch Person Pitch is the third solo album by American recording artist Noah Lennox under his alias Panda Bear, released March 20, 2007 by Paw Tracks. Departing stylistically from his prior work as both a member of Animal Collective and a solo artist, the album was recorded using the Roland SP-303 sampler and is largely composed of manipulated samples, loops, and Lennox\u2019s layered vocals. He described it as a collection of \"super dubby and old sounding\" songs inspired by his recent marriage, fatherhood, and move to Portugal. The album was met with universal critical acclaim, and later ranked among various \"top 10 albums of the 2000s\" lists. It is noted for influencing a wide range of subsequent indie music, including the chillwave genre and numerous soundalike acts. Five of the album's seven tracks were issued as A-sided singles before the album's release: \"I'm Not\" and \"Comfy in Nautica\" (2005), \"Bros\" (2006), \"Carrots\" and \"Take Pills\" (2007). Lennox recorded \"Person Pitch\" over a two-year period, working slowly because he lacked large stretches of time to dedicate to the material in between tours with Animal Collective. In response to this, he entertained the idea of releasing a series of 12-inch singles over time which would then eventually be compiled into a singles album, a practice inspired by techno producers such as Basic Channel. Initially, Lennox wanted to name it \"Perfect Pitch\" before settling on \"Person Pitch\" \u2013 \"\"pitch\" being sound and \"person\" being a person with \"person pitch\" being a sound of a person.\"", "Tomboy (album) Tomboy is the fourth solo album by American experimental pop musician Panda Bear (Noah Lennox), released on April 4, 2011 as an online stream. Lennox mentioned \"Tomboy\" would be a departure from his signature sound on \"Person Pitch\" and Animal Collective's \"Merriweather Post Pavilion\": \" I got tired of the severe parameters of using samplers. Thinking about Nirvana and The White Stripes got me into the idea of doing something with a heavy focus on guitar and rhythm.\" Lennox wrote and produced the album in his home studio in Lisbon, Portugal. He went into the album writing process with a certain desire to not feel restrained by the success of his previous album \"Person Pitch\", commenting: The song \"Benfica\" is a reference to the Portuguese football club S.L. Benfica. In an interview with NYCTaper in September 2010, Josh Dibb of Animal Collective revealed that he and bandmate Dave Portner had been requested to mix the album on its completion. However, due to the fact that both of them were busy at the time, it was later reported that the album was being mixed by Sonic Boom, former Spacemen 3 member and producer of psychedelic pop band MGMT's second album, \"Congratulations\". Lennox had mentioned that \"Tomboy\"'s release would be similar to that of \"Person Pitch\" in that several singles would be released on different labels prior to its release, \"Doing the singles helps me focus on every song and also helps me move along in the process. \" The first single, \"Tomboy\" was released on Paw Tracks July 13, 2010, with a digital release following a week later. The first and only pressing sold out quickly. Another two singles, \"You Can Count on Me\" and \"Last Night at the Jetty\", were released later in the year on Domino and FatCat respectively.", "Lennox's early musical influences included electronic styles, and his solo work has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock. Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999 on Soccer Star Records. After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007. Of his songwriting style, Lennox says \"I get impatient writing songs, I can't spend more than a couple of hours before I get frustrated. So I got to kind of spit it out real fast. My favorite songs are the ones where I worked really really fast on, when it comes all out in like two hours or something.\" Panda Bear's fourth album Tomboy was released April 12, 2011 on his own label, Paw Tracks. He had started performing material from Tomboy on December 5, 2008, at a show with No Age in Miami, Florida. During a brief European tour in January 2010, he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material. On March 7, 2010, a tour setlist with titles for ten of the new songs was posted on Panda Bear's MySpace blog. Panda Bear has also played Primavera Sound Festival in 2010. The single \"Tomboy\" and the b-side \"Slow Motion\" were released in July 2010. It was announced in August that singles \"You Can Count on Me\" and \"Alsatian Darn\" would be released via Domino on September 28. The limited 500 copies of \"You Can Count On Me\" sold out in less than a day. The single \"Last Night at the Jetty\" was released December 2010. The single \"Surfer's Hymn\" was released March 28, 2011.", "Carrots (song) Carrots/KKKKK is a split record between Excepter and Animal Collective member Panda Bear. It was limited to 1,000 copies. This is Panda Bear's third single for his 2007 album Person Pitch. \"Carrots\" consists of two sections: \"Good Girl\" and \"Carrots\". \"Good Girl\" lasts for the first four and a half minutes, and then segues into \"Carrots\", which itself consists of two separate sections, the last one starting at the eight minute mark. The first section contains a sample of \"Radio Calcutta #2\" from the Sublime Frequencies album \"Radio India: The Eternal Dream Of Sound\". The second part contains samples of \"Enter the Dragon\" by Lee \"Scratch\" Perry and \"Someday\" by Kylie Minogue, and the last section of the song contains a sample taken from Kraftwerk's song \"Ananas Symphonie\" (\"Pineapple Symphony\") from their 1973 album Ralf und Florian. The interplay between the song's three movements illustrates a statement made by Panda in an interview on Ma Fama radio, in which he discussed the idea of performing songs the way a DJ would play records, blending samples that have different BPM which would result in discordant polyrhythms. Excepter's side contains fragments of two live versions of \"Knock Knock,\" whose lyrics are inspired by the traditional folk song illustrated on the sleeve, \"King Kong Kitchie Kitchie Ki Me O\". Side A - \"Carrots\":   Side B - \"KKKKK\":  Interview and performance on Ma Fama radio", "Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Panda Bear (Noah Lennox). It was released on January 9, 2015 by the Domino Recording Company. \" Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was preceded by the digital release of an extended play, \"Mr Noah\", and two singles, \"Mr Noah\" and \"Boys Latin\". It was followed by the extended play \"Crosswords\". Having recorded his bleaker previous album \"Tomboy\" (2011) in a basement, Lennox wanted to go into the opposite direction on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", aiming for a more \"lively\" and \"busy\" sound. He began working on the album while working on Animal Collective's \"Centipede Hz\" (2012) in Texas. Sonic Boom, who mixed and mastered Panda Bear's previous album \"Tomboy\", co-produced the album. The two spent two weeks in November 2013 refining demo recordings Panda Bear had made at home and spent five weeks, beginning in January 2014, finishing the album. Sonic Boom mixed the album on the Balearic island of Menorca. About the album title, Lennox said \"It's about presenting something that we don't have an easy time dealing with in a costume that's just a little bit more clown-y. \" It was also inspired by the titles of 1970s dub collaboration albums such as \"Augustus Pablo Meets Lee Perry and the Wailers Band\" and \"King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown\". The lyrical themes of the album center around personal growth, although Lennox wanted to discuss issues on a larger scale because he wanted to avoid \"self-obsession or narcissism\". The drum programming on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was influenced by 1990s hip-hop."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was an example of the musician Panda Bear's solo work?", "answer": {"text": "he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49ee54e323134e5fa92b9a6678f7e77a_0_q#2", "question": "Did he tour as a solo artist?", "rewrite": "Did the musician Panda Bear tour as a solo artist?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Geologist (musician)  Brian Ross Weitz (March 26, 1979), also known by his stage name Geologist, is a musician best known as a founding member of the experimental pop group Animal Collective. He provides electronic sound manipulations and samples for the band. Weitz grew up in Philadelphia and Baltimore and currently lives in Washington, DC. His nickname comes from a friend mistaking his major in college, as well as the headlamp he wears in order to see his electronic equipment during live shows. Geologist attended the Park School of Baltimore where he met future Animal Collective bandmates David Portner (aka Avey Tare) and Josh Dibb (aka Deakin). Avey Tare, Geologist and Deakin first started an indie-rock band called \"Automine\" with two other schoolmates. Deakin introduced his childhood friend Noah Lennox (aka Panda Bear) to Avey Tare and Geologist. Throughout their high school years and winter/summer college breaks, the four of them played music in different variations and often solo, swapping homemade recordings and sharing ideas. Geologist went on to study at Columbia University, while Avey Tare went to NYU, Panda Bear to Boston University, and Deakin to Brandeis University. Avey Tare recorded tracks with Panda Bear which eventually became \"Spirit They're Gone, Spirit They've Vanished,\" which was released under \"Avey Tare and Panda Bear\" in August 2000. After Panda Bear and Deakin both left school and moved to New York in 2000, the group's music became more collaborative, and Avey and Panda began playing clubs around New York. Geologist soon began performing with the group who eventually became \"Animal Collective.\" He first appeared on their 2001 release \"Danse Manatee\", and has contributed to every Animal Collective recording to date, except for their 2004 \"Sung Tongs\" LP and their 2003", "The second single, \"Boys Latin\", was released on December 15, and was accompanied by a music video directed by Isaiah Saxon and Sean Hellfritsch. The music video had its premiere on Adult Swim. A \"Boys Latin\" remix by Andy Stott was released on March 2, 2015. A music video for the track \"Tropic of Cancer\" was directed by fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner and released on April 8. On January 4, 2015, Lennox began his global radio campaign to premiere nine new tracks from the album. Various radio stations from around the world each premiered different tracks. Two days later, he launched an interactive website including music by him and Sonic Boom, videos by Danny Perez, as well as graphics by Marco Papiro, Patakk, and Hugo Oliveira. A short documentary detailing the creation, \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", directed by Sam Fleischner, was released on January 29. \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was praised by contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 34 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Robin Murray of \"Clash\" complimented Panda Bear's use of his \"perfect\" tenor on \"Mr Noah\". Writing for \"Consequence of Sound\", Adam Kivel lauded the \"multivalent\" production of the album but criticized Panda Bear's choice not to deviate from his signature sound. Matthew Ritchie of \"Exclaim!\" commended Panda Bear's lyrics and \"expansive and deeply resonating melodies\" that were presented on the album. Writing for \"Now\", Samantha Edwards praised Panda Bear's vocals and their diversity throughout the album. Jake Kennedy of \"Record Collector\" appreciated Panda Bear's ability to experiment. Sample credits", "Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Panda Bear (Noah Lennox). It was released on January 9, 2015 by the Domino Recording Company. \" Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was preceded by the digital release of an extended play, \"Mr Noah\", and two singles, \"Mr Noah\" and \"Boys Latin\". It was followed by the extended play \"Crosswords\". Having recorded his bleaker previous album \"Tomboy\" (2011) in a basement, Lennox wanted to go into the opposite direction on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", aiming for a more \"lively\" and \"busy\" sound. He began working on the album while working on Animal Collective's \"Centipede Hz\" (2012) in Texas. Sonic Boom, who mixed and mastered Panda Bear's previous album \"Tomboy\", co-produced the album. The two spent two weeks in November 2013 refining demo recordings Panda Bear had made at home and spent five weeks, beginning in January 2014, finishing the album. Sonic Boom mixed the album on the Balearic island of Menorca. About the album title, Lennox said \"It's about presenting something that we don't have an easy time dealing with in a costume that's just a little bit more clown-y. \" It was also inspired by the titles of 1970s dub collaboration albums such as \"Augustus Pablo Meets Lee Perry and the Wailers Band\" and \"King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown\". The lyrical themes of the album center around personal growth, although Lennox wanted to discuss issues on a larger scale because he wanted to avoid \"self-obsession or narcissism\". The drum programming on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was influenced by 1990s hip-hop.", "Young Prayer Young Prayer is the second solo album by American experimental pop musician Panda Bear, released on September 28, 2004. It follows his debut solo album \"Panda Bear\" (1999). None of the songs on the album have a title because Lennox wanted the album to be \"one nugget of sound. I put the track markers in there just to separate the sections.\" The songs were all written around the time of the death of Lennox' father. About this fact, Lennox said:   In another Interview, Lennox got into detail about this: The whole album was written in a very quick process and recorded with Animal Collective member Deakin in \"two or three days or something.\" According to the artist, it \"is very classically influenced. All the weird baroque flourishes and stuff in terms of the way I\u2019m singing. And that was definitely intentional, I set out to do something that sounded like that. \" The album was produced and mixed entirely without Lennox by Rusty Santos and the rest of Animal Collective. Though it was changed quite a bit during the post-production, Lennox was \"very happy with the way it sounded\" when he received the result. The album art was produced by Abby Portner, the sister of fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner aka Avey Tare. The album was a critical success, even being labeled \"Best New Music\" by Pitchfork.", "Doin' It Right \"Doin' It Right\" is a song written and performed by French electronic music duo Daft Punk and American musician Panda Bear of the band Animal Collective. It is a track on Daft Punk's fourth studio album \"Random Access Memories\" (2013), and was the last to be recorded for the album. The song was distributed to American alternative radio stations on 3 September 2013 as the third single from \"Random Access Memories\". Prior to this, it appeared on record charts in France, the United States and the United Kingdom due to digital downloads of the album. \"Doin' It Right\" received a positive critical reception, with some reviewers opining it as the group's best work out of the entire LP. \"Doin' It Right\" was the last song to be recorded for \"Random Access Memories\". Noah Lennox, better known by his stage name Panda Bear, had first heard of Daft Punk through the music video of the song \"Around the World\", which introduced him to many aspects of electronic dance music. He later asked the duo to remix an Animal Collective song, which they declined. A request to remix a solo Panda Bear track was also refused by Daft Punk as they no longer had interest in doing \"that kind of thing\". The duo however would keep Panda Bear in mind for a collaboration, and invited him to the \"Random Access Memories\" sessions in Paris a year and a half later. Lennox's contribution was recorded within a three-day window, which went against his usual approach of gestating an idea over a long period. He recalled that after the microphones in the studio were prepared and tested for his voice, he was instructed to simply \"do something good\". He initially tried several ideas, none of which resonated with the group in the studio. The idea that became \"Doin' It"], "answer": {"text": "During a brief European tour in January 2010, he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material.", "answer_start": 957}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was an example of the musician Panda Bear's solo work?", "answer": {"text": "he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles released from that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49ee54e323134e5fa92b9a6678f7e77a_0_q#3", "question": "Did he release any other albums as a solo artist?", "rewrite": "Did the musician Panda Bear release any other albums as a solo artist besides Young Prayer and Person Pitch?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tomboy (album) Tomboy is the fourth solo album by American experimental pop musician Panda Bear (Noah Lennox), released on April 4, 2011 as an online stream. Lennox mentioned \"Tomboy\" would be a departure from his signature sound on \"Person Pitch\" and Animal Collective's \"Merriweather Post Pavilion\": \" I got tired of the severe parameters of using samplers. Thinking about Nirvana and The White Stripes got me into the idea of doing something with a heavy focus on guitar and rhythm.\" Lennox wrote and produced the album in his home studio in Lisbon, Portugal. He went into the album writing process with a certain desire to not feel restrained by the success of his previous album \"Person Pitch\", commenting: The song \"Benfica\" is a reference to the Portuguese football club S.L. Benfica. In an interview with NYCTaper in September 2010, Josh Dibb of Animal Collective revealed that he and bandmate Dave Portner had been requested to mix the album on its completion. However, due to the fact that both of them were busy at the time, it was later reported that the album was being mixed by Sonic Boom, former Spacemen 3 member and producer of psychedelic pop band MGMT's second album, \"Congratulations\". Lennox had mentioned that \"Tomboy\"'s release would be similar to that of \"Person Pitch\" in that several singles would be released on different labels prior to its release, \"Doing the singles helps me focus on every song and also helps me move along in the process. \" The first single, \"Tomboy\" was released on Paw Tracks July 13, 2010, with a digital release following a week later. The first and only pressing sold out quickly. Another two singles, \"You Can Count on Me\" and \"Last Night at the Jetty\", were released later in the year on Domino and FatCat respectively.", "Person Pitch Person Pitch is the third solo album by American recording artist Noah Lennox under his alias Panda Bear, released March 20, 2007 by Paw Tracks. Departing stylistically from his prior work as both a member of Animal Collective and a solo artist, the album was recorded using the Roland SP-303 sampler and is largely composed of manipulated samples, loops, and Lennox\u2019s layered vocals. He described it as a collection of \"super dubby and old sounding\" songs inspired by his recent marriage, fatherhood, and move to Portugal. The album was met with universal critical acclaim, and later ranked among various \"top 10 albums of the 2000s\" lists. It is noted for influencing a wide range of subsequent indie music, including the chillwave genre and numerous soundalike acts. Five of the album's seven tracks were issued as A-sided singles before the album's release: \"I'm Not\" and \"Comfy in Nautica\" (2005), \"Bros\" (2006), \"Carrots\" and \"Take Pills\" (2007). Lennox recorded \"Person Pitch\" over a two-year period, working slowly because he lacked large stretches of time to dedicate to the material in between tours with Animal Collective. In response to this, he entertained the idea of releasing a series of 12-inch singles over time which would then eventually be compiled into a singles album, a practice inspired by techno producers such as Basic Channel. Initially, Lennox wanted to name it \"Perfect Pitch\" before settling on \"Person Pitch\" \u2013 \"\"pitch\" being sound and \"person\" being a person with \"person pitch\" being a sound of a person.\"", "Young Prayer Young Prayer is the second solo album by American experimental pop musician Panda Bear, released on September 28, 2004. It follows his debut solo album \"Panda Bear\" (1999). None of the songs on the album have a title because Lennox wanted the album to be \"one nugget of sound. I put the track markers in there just to separate the sections.\" The songs were all written around the time of the death of Lennox' father. About this fact, Lennox said:   In another Interview, Lennox got into detail about this: The whole album was written in a very quick process and recorded with Animal Collective member Deakin in \"two or three days or something.\" According to the artist, it \"is very classically influenced. All the weird baroque flourishes and stuff in terms of the way I\u2019m singing. And that was definitely intentional, I set out to do something that sounded like that. \" The album was produced and mixed entirely without Lennox by Rusty Santos and the rest of Animal Collective. Though it was changed quite a bit during the post-production, Lennox was \"very happy with the way it sounded\" when he received the result. The album art was produced by Abby Portner, the sister of fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner aka Avey Tare. The album was a critical success, even being labeled \"Best New Music\" by Pitchfork.", "Lennox's early musical influences included electronic styles, and his solo work has been variously characterized as experimental pop, electronic, bedroom pop, neo-psychedelic pop, and indie rock. Lennox's debut album Panda Bear was released in 1999 on Soccer Star Records. After focusing more on touring and recording with Animal Collective, he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007. Of his songwriting style, Lennox says \"I get impatient writing songs, I can't spend more than a couple of hours before I get frustrated. So I got to kind of spit it out real fast. My favorite songs are the ones where I worked really really fast on, when it comes all out in like two hours or something.\" Panda Bear's fourth album Tomboy was released April 12, 2011 on his own label, Paw Tracks. He had started performing material from Tomboy on December 5, 2008, at a show with No Age in Miami, Florida. During a brief European tour in January 2010, he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material. On March 7, 2010, a tour setlist with titles for ten of the new songs was posted on Panda Bear's MySpace blog. Panda Bear has also played Primavera Sound Festival in 2010. The single \"Tomboy\" and the b-side \"Slow Motion\" were released in July 2010. It was announced in August that singles \"You Can Count on Me\" and \"Alsatian Darn\" would be released via Domino on September 28. The limited 500 copies of \"You Can Count On Me\" sold out in less than a day. The single \"Last Night at the Jetty\" was released December 2010. The single \"Surfer's Hymn\" was released March 28, 2011.", "Buoys (album) Buoys is the sixth studio album by American musician Panda Bear, released on February 8, 2019. It was preceded by the lead single \"Dolphin\", released along with its music video, and features collaborations with Chilean DJ Lizz and Portuguese singer Dino D'Santiago. The album was co-produced by Panda Bear (Noah Lennox) with Rusty Santos in Lisbon, Portugal, where Lennox now lives. The last record the two worked on was Lennox's 2007 album \"Person Pitch\". Lennox also stated that he wanted to create music that would \"feel familiar to a young person's ears\", so worked with Santos to utilize production techniques of current music. \" Rolling Stone\" stated that the sound of the record is different from Lennox's previous material and evident on \"Dolphin\", which contains a \"single guitar, a faint bassline and some textured samples\" around Lennox's vocals. Lennox himself called the album the \"beginning of something new\"."], "answer": {"text": "The full album, Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper, was released in January 2015.", "answer_start": 475}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was an example of the musician Panda Bear's solo work?", "answer": {"text": "he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles released from that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he tour as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "During a brief European tour in January 2010, he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material.", "answer_start": 957, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_49ee54e323134e5fa92b9a6678f7e77a_0_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about the Musician Panda Bear besides his album releases?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The second single, \"Boys Latin\", was released on December 15, and was accompanied by a music video directed by Isaiah Saxon and Sean Hellfritsch. The music video had its premiere on Adult Swim. A \"Boys Latin\" remix by Andy Stott was released on March 2, 2015. A music video for the track \"Tropic of Cancer\" was directed by fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner and released on April 8. On January 4, 2015, Lennox began his global radio campaign to premiere nine new tracks from the album. Various radio stations from around the world each premiered different tracks. Two days later, he launched an interactive website including music by him and Sonic Boom, videos by Danny Perez, as well as graphics by Marco Papiro, Patakk, and Hugo Oliveira. A short documentary detailing the creation, \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", directed by Sam Fleischner, was released on January 29. \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was praised by contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 34 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Robin Murray of \"Clash\" complimented Panda Bear's use of his \"perfect\" tenor on \"Mr Noah\". Writing for \"Consequence of Sound\", Adam Kivel lauded the \"multivalent\" production of the album but criticized Panda Bear's choice not to deviate from his signature sound. Matthew Ritchie of \"Exclaim!\" commended Panda Bear's lyrics and \"expansive and deeply resonating melodies\" that were presented on the album. Writing for \"Now\", Samantha Edwards praised Panda Bear's vocals and their diversity throughout the album. Jake Kennedy of \"Record Collector\" appreciated Panda Bear's ability to experiment. Sample credits", "Geologist (musician)  Brian Ross Weitz (March 26, 1979), also known by his stage name Geologist, is a musician best known as a founding member of the experimental pop group Animal Collective. He provides electronic sound manipulations and samples for the band. Weitz grew up in Philadelphia and Baltimore and currently lives in Washington, DC. His nickname comes from a friend mistaking his major in college, as well as the headlamp he wears in order to see his electronic equipment during live shows. Geologist attended the Park School of Baltimore where he met future Animal Collective bandmates David Portner (aka Avey Tare) and Josh Dibb (aka Deakin). Avey Tare, Geologist and Deakin first started an indie-rock band called \"Automine\" with two other schoolmates. Deakin introduced his childhood friend Noah Lennox (aka Panda Bear) to Avey Tare and Geologist. Throughout their high school years and winter/summer college breaks, the four of them played music in different variations and often solo, swapping homemade recordings and sharing ideas. Geologist went on to study at Columbia University, while Avey Tare went to NYU, Panda Bear to Boston University, and Deakin to Brandeis University. Avey Tare recorded tracks with Panda Bear which eventually became \"Spirit They're Gone, Spirit They've Vanished,\" which was released under \"Avey Tare and Panda Bear\" in August 2000. After Panda Bear and Deakin both left school and moved to New York in 2000, the group's music became more collaborative, and Avey and Panda began playing clubs around New York. Geologist soon began performing with the group who eventually became \"Animal Collective.\" He first appeared on their 2001 release \"Danse Manatee\", and has contributed to every Animal Collective recording to date, except for their 2004 \"Sung Tongs\" LP and their 2003", "Doin' It Right \"Doin' It Right\" is a song written and performed by French electronic music duo Daft Punk and American musician Panda Bear of the band Animal Collective. It is a track on Daft Punk's fourth studio album \"Random Access Memories\" (2013), and was the last to be recorded for the album. The song was distributed to American alternative radio stations on 3 September 2013 as the third single from \"Random Access Memories\". Prior to this, it appeared on record charts in France, the United States and the United Kingdom due to digital downloads of the album. \"Doin' It Right\" received a positive critical reception, with some reviewers opining it as the group's best work out of the entire LP. \"Doin' It Right\" was the last song to be recorded for \"Random Access Memories\". Noah Lennox, better known by his stage name Panda Bear, had first heard of Daft Punk through the music video of the song \"Around the World\", which introduced him to many aspects of electronic dance music. He later asked the duo to remix an Animal Collective song, which they declined. A request to remix a solo Panda Bear track was also refused by Daft Punk as they no longer had interest in doing \"that kind of thing\". The duo however would keep Panda Bear in mind for a collaboration, and invited him to the \"Random Access Memories\" sessions in Paris a year and a half later. Lennox's contribution was recorded within a three-day window, which went against his usual approach of gestating an idea over a long period. He recalled that after the microphones in the studio were prepared and tested for his voice, he was instructed to simply \"do something good\". He initially tried several ideas, none of which resonated with the group in the studio. The idea that became \"Doin' It", "Young Prayer Young Prayer is the second solo album by American experimental pop musician Panda Bear, released on September 28, 2004. It follows his debut solo album \"Panda Bear\" (1999). None of the songs on the album have a title because Lennox wanted the album to be \"one nugget of sound. I put the track markers in there just to separate the sections.\" The songs were all written around the time of the death of Lennox' father. About this fact, Lennox said:   In another Interview, Lennox got into detail about this: The whole album was written in a very quick process and recorded with Animal Collective member Deakin in \"two or three days or something.\" According to the artist, it \"is very classically influenced. All the weird baroque flourishes and stuff in terms of the way I\u2019m singing. And that was definitely intentional, I set out to do something that sounded like that. \" The album was produced and mixed entirely without Lennox by Rusty Santos and the rest of Animal Collective. Though it was changed quite a bit during the post-production, Lennox was \"very happy with the way it sounded\" when he received the result. The album art was produced by Abby Portner, the sister of fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner aka Avey Tare. The album was a critical success, even being labeled \"Best New Music\" by Pitchfork.", "Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Panda Bear (Noah Lennox). It was released on January 9, 2015 by the Domino Recording Company. \" Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was preceded by the digital release of an extended play, \"Mr Noah\", and two singles, \"Mr Noah\" and \"Boys Latin\". It was followed by the extended play \"Crosswords\". Having recorded his bleaker previous album \"Tomboy\" (2011) in a basement, Lennox wanted to go into the opposite direction on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", aiming for a more \"lively\" and \"busy\" sound. He began working on the album while working on Animal Collective's \"Centipede Hz\" (2012) in Texas. Sonic Boom, who mixed and mastered Panda Bear's previous album \"Tomboy\", co-produced the album. The two spent two weeks in November 2013 refining demo recordings Panda Bear had made at home and spent five weeks, beginning in January 2014, finishing the album. Sonic Boom mixed the album on the Balearic island of Menorca. About the album title, Lennox said \"It's about presenting something that we don't have an easy time dealing with in a costume that's just a little bit more clown-y. \" It was also inspired by the titles of 1970s dub collaboration albums such as \"Augustus Pablo Meets Lee Perry and the Wailers Band\" and \"King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown\". The lyrical themes of the album center around personal growth, although Lennox wanted to discuss issues on a larger scale because he wanted to avoid \"self-obsession or narcissism\". The drum programming on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was influenced by 1990s hip-hop."], "answer": {"text": "Lennox was chosen by Jeff Mangum of Neutral Milk Hotel to perform at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival that he planned to curate in December 2011", "answer_start": 83}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was an example of the musician Panda Bear's solo work?", "answer": {"text": "he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles released from that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he tour as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "During a brief European tour in January 2010, he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material.", "answer_start": 957, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any other albums as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "The full album, Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper, was released in January 2015.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_49ee54e323134e5fa92b9a6678f7e77a_0_q#5", "question": "Do he do any other performances?", "rewrite": "Do the musician Panda Bear do any other performances besides appearing at the All Tomorrow's Parties Festival in 2011?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Doin' It Right \"Doin' It Right\" is a song written and performed by French electronic music duo Daft Punk and American musician Panda Bear of the band Animal Collective. It is a track on Daft Punk's fourth studio album \"Random Access Memories\" (2013), and was the last to be recorded for the album. The song was distributed to American alternative radio stations on 3 September 2013 as the third single from \"Random Access Memories\". Prior to this, it appeared on record charts in France, the United States and the United Kingdom due to digital downloads of the album. \"Doin' It Right\" received a positive critical reception, with some reviewers opining it as the group's best work out of the entire LP. \"Doin' It Right\" was the last song to be recorded for \"Random Access Memories\". Noah Lennox, better known by his stage name Panda Bear, had first heard of Daft Punk through the music video of the song \"Around the World\", which introduced him to many aspects of electronic dance music. He later asked the duo to remix an Animal Collective song, which they declined. A request to remix a solo Panda Bear track was also refused by Daft Punk as they no longer had interest in doing \"that kind of thing\". The duo however would keep Panda Bear in mind for a collaboration, and invited him to the \"Random Access Memories\" sessions in Paris a year and a half later. Lennox's contribution was recorded within a three-day window, which went against his usual approach of gestating an idea over a long period. He recalled that after the microphones in the studio were prepared and tested for his voice, he was instructed to simply \"do something good\". He initially tried several ideas, none of which resonated with the group in the studio. The idea that became \"Doin' It", "The second single, \"Boys Latin\", was released on December 15, and was accompanied by a music video directed by Isaiah Saxon and Sean Hellfritsch. The music video had its premiere on Adult Swim. A \"Boys Latin\" remix by Andy Stott was released on March 2, 2015. A music video for the track \"Tropic of Cancer\" was directed by fellow Animal Collective member Dave Portner and released on April 8. On January 4, 2015, Lennox began his global radio campaign to premiere nine new tracks from the album. Various radio stations from around the world each premiered different tracks. Two days later, he launched an interactive website including music by him and Sonic Boom, videos by Danny Perez, as well as graphics by Marco Papiro, Patakk, and Hugo Oliveira. A short documentary detailing the creation, \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", directed by Sam Fleischner, was released on January 29. \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was praised by contemporary music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 82, based on 34 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Robin Murray of \"Clash\" complimented Panda Bear's use of his \"perfect\" tenor on \"Mr Noah\". Writing for \"Consequence of Sound\", Adam Kivel lauded the \"multivalent\" production of the album but criticized Panda Bear's choice not to deviate from his signature sound. Matthew Ritchie of \"Exclaim!\" commended Panda Bear's lyrics and \"expansive and deeply resonating melodies\" that were presented on the album. Writing for \"Now\", Samantha Edwards praised Panda Bear's vocals and their diversity throughout the album. Jake Kennedy of \"Record Collector\" appreciated Panda Bear's ability to experiment. Sample credits", "Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper is the fifth studio album by American recording artist Panda Bear (Noah Lennox). It was released on January 9, 2015 by the Domino Recording Company. \" Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was preceded by the digital release of an extended play, \"Mr Noah\", and two singles, \"Mr Noah\" and \"Boys Latin\". It was followed by the extended play \"Crosswords\". Having recorded his bleaker previous album \"Tomboy\" (2011) in a basement, Lennox wanted to go into the opposite direction on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\", aiming for a more \"lively\" and \"busy\" sound. He began working on the album while working on Animal Collective's \"Centipede Hz\" (2012) in Texas. Sonic Boom, who mixed and mastered Panda Bear's previous album \"Tomboy\", co-produced the album. The two spent two weeks in November 2013 refining demo recordings Panda Bear had made at home and spent five weeks, beginning in January 2014, finishing the album. Sonic Boom mixed the album on the Balearic island of Menorca. About the album title, Lennox said \"It's about presenting something that we don't have an easy time dealing with in a costume that's just a little bit more clown-y. \" It was also inspired by the titles of 1970s dub collaboration albums such as \"Augustus Pablo Meets Lee Perry and the Wailers Band\" and \"King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown\". The lyrical themes of the album center around personal growth, although Lennox wanted to discuss issues on a larger scale because he wanted to avoid \"self-obsession or narcissism\". The drum programming on \"Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper\" was influenced by 1990s hip-hop.", "Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book by Bill Martin, Jr. and illustrated by Eric Carle. It is the third companion book to \"Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?\". Various endangered animals answer the question \" What do you see?\" and the answers are what animal they see. The text is in rhyme. The list of animals includes a panda bear, a bald eagle, a water buffalo, a spider monkey, a green sea turtle, a macaroni penguin, a sea lion, a red wolf, a whooping crane and a black panther. The last iteration is a dreaming child who sees all the animals \"wild and free.\" A Bella Online review says, \"The book is a great tool to introduce conservation to youngsters. It is never too early, to introduce infants, toddlers and young children to the conservation of animals and natural resources. \" A Wonder Korner review says, \"Bill Martin Jr. and Eric Carle have done it again! These popular collaborators have added a new book about animal conversations to their series of rhythmic animal books. The combined talent of Martin and Carle are bound to ensure this a spot on the shelves of children's classics. It was reviewed by Publishers Weekly. It was reviewed by Booklist. In 2010, the book was banned in Texas when the Texas Education Agency confused author Bill Martin, Jr. with leftist philosopher Bill Martin.", "Geologist (musician)  Brian Ross Weitz (March 26, 1979), also known by his stage name Geologist, is a musician best known as a founding member of the experimental pop group Animal Collective. He provides electronic sound manipulations and samples for the band. Weitz grew up in Philadelphia and Baltimore and currently lives in Washington, DC. His nickname comes from a friend mistaking his major in college, as well as the headlamp he wears in order to see his electronic equipment during live shows. Geologist attended the Park School of Baltimore where he met future Animal Collective bandmates David Portner (aka Avey Tare) and Josh Dibb (aka Deakin). Avey Tare, Geologist and Deakin first started an indie-rock band called \"Automine\" with two other schoolmates. Deakin introduced his childhood friend Noah Lennox (aka Panda Bear) to Avey Tare and Geologist. Throughout their high school years and winter/summer college breaks, the four of them played music in different variations and often solo, swapping homemade recordings and sharing ideas. Geologist went on to study at Columbia University, while Avey Tare went to NYU, Panda Bear to Boston University, and Deakin to Brandeis University. Avey Tare recorded tracks with Panda Bear which eventually became \"Spirit They're Gone, Spirit They've Vanished,\" which was released under \"Avey Tare and Panda Bear\" in August 2000. After Panda Bear and Deakin both left school and moved to New York in 2000, the group's music became more collaborative, and Avey and Panda began playing clubs around New York. Geologist soon began performing with the group who eventually became \"Animal Collective.\" He first appeared on their 2001 release \"Danse Manatee\", and has contributed to every Animal Collective recording to date, except for their 2004 \"Sung Tongs\" LP and their 2003"], "answer": {"text": "In June 2013, Panda Bear performed a set of all new material at ATP.", "answer_start": 334}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was an example of the musician Panda Bear's solo work?", "answer": {"text": "he released the follow-up Young Prayer in 2004 and the highly acclaimed third solo album Person Pitch in 2007.", "answer_start": 342, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were some singles released from that album?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he tour as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "During a brief European tour in January 2010, he played three shows consisting almost entirely of new material.", "answer_start": 957, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he release any other albums as a solo artist?", "answer": {"text": "The full album, Panda Bear Meets the Grim Reaper, was released in January 2015.", "answer_start": 475, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Lennox was chosen by Jeff Mangum of Neutral Milk Hotel to perform at the All Tomorrow's Parties festival that he planned to curate in December 2011", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4adf9c3144744cb849c1a908f7e374c_0_q#0", "question": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "rewrite": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Ingram (revolutionary) John Ingram was a settler of the 17th century British colony of Jamestown, and became a member of Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion. He took the lead of the rebellion after Sir Nathaniel Bacon died from dysentery. The members of the rebellion consisted of 300-500 mostly indentured servants, but included a number of African slaves. They had been upset at the treaty of 1646, which ended the wars between the British and the Powhatan tribes. The rebellion occurred throughout 1676, and resulted in Bacon's forces burning much of Jamestown to the ground. John Ingram Jr. was born sometime before 1644 in Northumberland County, Virginia. His father was John Ingram Sir. and his mother, Jane Ingram. His siblings where Elizabeth Ingram, Thomas Ingram, and Jane Ingram. The first Anglo-Powhatan War occurred from 1610 to 1614, when the English soldiers killed dozens of the [Powhata ]] Native Americans. In 1622, the second Anglo-Powhatan was sparked when the Powhatan went inside Jamestown and suddenly murdered 347 civilians, roughly 30% of Jamestown's population at the time. In 1644, the Powhatan attacked Jamestown in the same style as the 1622 attack. They murdered 400 civilians, about 10% of Jamestown's population at the time, which started the third Anglo-Powhatan war. In 1646, Governor William Berkeley signed a peace treaty with the Powhatan. Indentured servants had been promised that after years of hard work, they would get 100 acres of land. John Ingram himself was an indentured servant. However, this land would be Powhatan territory. The Peace Treaty of 1646 ended these promises towards the indentured servants in order to avoid conflicts with the Powhatan, whose lands they would have occupied.", "Powhatan, Virginia  Powhatan is a census-designated place in and the county seat of Powhatan County, Virginia, United States. Powhatan was initially known as Scottville (after Revolutionary war hero General Charles Scott) for a brief time, and historically has also been known as Powhatan Court House and Powhatan Courthouse. Powhatan is named after Chief Powhatan, father of Pocahontas. The first official court of Powhatan was held at Mosby Tavern, the home of Benjamin Mosby and his son, Littleberry Mosby. Powhatan was established as a community in May 1777, but there were several buildings already in existence at that time. One of these locations is the Powhatan Plantation which was built in 1735. The plantation still exists today. The Shiloh Baptist Church in Powhatan features the mural \"The Lord Over Jordan\" by Julien Binford, one of the artist's most famous works.", "Powhatan Historic State Park Powhatan Historic State Park (formerly Powhatan Courthouse State Park) is a Arkansas state park in Lawrence County, Arkansas in the United States. The park contains the 1888 Powhatan courthouse which served as the home of county government from 1869-1968. Today the structure displays items of cultural and historical significance and hosts the park's Visitor Center. The park includes four additional historical buildings and the Arkansas History Commission's Northeast Arkansas Regional Archives. A tour of the historic structures is available. Powhatan served as an important stop for traffic on the Black River until the installation of the Kansas City-Memphis Railwayline two miles north in 1883 significantly decreased the need for river transportation. The community was the economic hub of Lawrence County before its first platting in 1849. Situated on the Black River, the community took advantage of river traffic both along the river and as a ferry point for crossing the river. The Military Road passed nearby in the 1830s, and the local economy flourished. The Civil War shut down commerce on the river, especially after the Union acquired Arkansas. Skirmishes throughout the region caused havoc for residents, but a slow recovery began to take place following the war. County government was relocated to Powhatan from Clover Bend, a decision greatly helping Powhatan recover. Following the natural contours of the land, the Kansas City-Memphis Railway crossed the Black River two moles north of Powhatan through the town of Black Rock, ultimately causing the decline of commercial traffic to Powhatan. The Lawrence County judiciary chose to split in 1887, allowing court to be held in Walnut Ridge and Powhatan. US Route 63 (US 63) was rerouted to bypass Powhatan in the 1950s with the building of the new bridge spanning the Black River, and all county government moved to Walnut Ridge in 1968.", "Furthermore PA /\u03b8/ becomes a /t/. Ex: PA /\u0161i\u02d0\u02c0\u0161i\u02d0pa/ 'duck' \u2192 \"siyssiyp\" [\u02c8si\u02d0ssi\u02d0p] ; PA /le\u02d0kawi/ 'sand' \u2192 \"r\u0113kaw\" [\u02c8\u027ee\u02d0k\u028cw] ; PA /a\u03b8emweh\u0161a/ 'little dog' \u2192 \"atemoss\" [\u028c\u02c8t\u025bm\u028ass]. The Powhatan language formed from a split from other Eastern Algonquian languages, and southward moving groups replaced earlier cultures in the area as the language became more distinct. There is no certainty as to whether or not Carolina Algonquian was a distinct language from Powhatan, as ultimately Carolina Algonquian Groups such as the Chowanoke, Croatan, and Machapunga are ethnically branches of the Powhatan groups of Virginia. Powhatan was likely the dominant language of what is now eastern Virginia, and was used in the Powhatan Chiefdom. The first Europeans to encounter the Powhatan were the Spanish. They gave this region the name Ajac\u00e1n, and they may have sailed up the Potomac River; however, Spanish colonization ultimately failed in this area. The English arrived in 1607 with Captain John Smith, and began the settlement of Jamestown. Smith recorded only about 50 words in Powhatan, but William Strachey, and English writer, managed to record about 500 words. Because at this time Powhatan was still the dominant language, and because during the early years the English were dependent on the Powhatan for food, the English had to learn the newly encountered language. The English language started borrowing many words from Powhatan; the language has been credited with being the source of more English loans than any other indigenous language.", "Powhatan, Arkansas  Powhatan is a town in Lawrence County, Arkansas, United States, along the Black River. The population was 72 at the 2010 census, up from 50 at the 2000 census. Powhatan is located in northern Lawrence County at (36.083098, -91.119626). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. The main highway serving Powhatan is Arkansas Highway 25 (AR 25). The route continues northeast from Powhatan to Black Rock and southwest to Batesville. Highway 117S, a short spur route of Highway 117, runs into Powhatan and terminates at AR 25. Access to US Route 62/US Route 63/US Route 412 (US 62/US 63/US 412), a concurrency of major east-west routes, is available in Black Rock. The community was the economic hub of Lawrence County even before first platting in 1849. Situated on the Black River, the community took advantage of river traffic both along the river and as a ferry point for crossing the river. The Military Road passed nearby in the 1830s, and the local economy was flourishing. The Civil War shut down commerce on the river, especially after the Union regained control of Arkansas. Skirmishes throughout the region caused havoc for residents, but a slow recovery began to take place following the war. County government was relocated to Powhatan from Clover Bend, a decision greatly helping Powhatan recover. The Kansas City-Memphis Railway chose to bypass Powhatan around 1880, causing nearby Black Rock to grow to prominence instead. The Lawrence County judiciary chose to split in 1887, allowing court to be held in Walnut Ridge and Powhatan. US Route 63 (US 63) was rerouted to bypass Powhatan in the 1950s, and all county government moved to Walnut Ridge in 1963."], "answer": {"text": "a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan.", "answer_start": 148}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f4adf9c3144744cb849c1a908f7e374c_0_q#1", "question": "What was the fight about?", "rewrite": "What was the fight between the colonists and the Powhatan about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Using the \"Discovery\", the smallest of the three ships which had been left behind for their use, the colonists explored the surrounding area including the Chesapeake Bay. Smith successfully traded for food with the Indian Nansemonds, who were located along the Nansemond River in the modern-day city of Suffolk, Virginia. He had mixed results dealing with the various other tribes, most of whom were affiliated with the Powhatan Confederacy. With the coming arrival of the new supply fleet, Captain Smith felt the colony was sufficiently reinforced to engage the Powhatan directly with a diplomatic initiative aimed at securing at least a temporary respite from sniping, kidnapping, and assaulting. Taking a small escort they made their way through incessant attacks to the capital of the Powhatan Confederacy. During one legendary encounter with the warrior Opechancanough, Smith's life was spared (according to his later account) by the intervention of Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan. This event initially proved fortuitous for the English, as Chief Powhatan was obviously unaware of the dire straits of the Colony. However, shortly after Newport returned in early January 1608, bringing new colonists and supplies, one of the new colonists accidentally started a fire that leveled all of the colony's living quarters. The fire further deepened the settlement's dependence on the Native Americans for food, and revealed to Chief Powhatan the weakness of the English colony. In August 1609, Smith, who had gained the respect of the Powhatans, was injured in a gunpowder accident and had to return to England for medical treatment, leaving on October 4, 1609. With Smith gone, the Chief Powhatan felt clear to end the truce and he began a campaign to starve the English out of Virginia. The Powhatans stopped trading with the colonists for food.", "In November 1609, Captain John Ratcliffe was invited to Orapakes, Powhatan's new capital. After he had sailed up the Pamunkey River to trade there, a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan. All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe. Those aboard the pinnace escaped and told the tale at Jamestown. During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However, arrival at Jamestown of a new Governor, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, (Lord Delaware) in June 1610 signalled the beginning of the First Anglo-Powhatan War. A brief period of peace came only after the capture of Pocahontas, her baptism, and her marriage to tobacco planter John Rolfe in 1614. Within a few years both Powhatan and Pocahontas were dead. Powhatan died in Virginia, but Pocahontas died while in England. Meanwhile, the English settlers continued to encroach on Powhatan territory. After Wahunsunacawh's death, his younger brother, Opitchapam, briefly became chief, followed by their younger brother Opechancanough. In 1622 (Indian massacre of 1622) and 1644 he attacked the English to force them from Powhatan territories. Both these attempts were met with strong reprisals from the English, ultimately resulting in the near destruction of the tribe. The Second Anglo-Powhatan War that followed the 1644 incident ended in 1646, after Royal Governor of Virginia William Berkeley's forces captured Opechancanough, thought to be between 90 and 100 years old. While a prisoner, Opechancanough was killed, shot in the back by a soldier assigned to guard him.", "The name \"Powhatan\" (also transcribed by Strachey as Paqwachowng) is the name of the native village or town of Wahunsunacawh. The title \"Chief\" or \"King\" Powhatan, used by the English is believed to have been derived from the name of this site. Although the specific site of his home village is unknown, in modern times the Powhatan Hill neighborhood in the East End portion of the modern-day city of Richmond, Virginia is thought by many to be in the general vicinity of the original village. Tree Hill Farm, which is situated in nearby Henrico County a short distance to the east, is also considered as the possible site. \"Powhatan\" was also the name used by the natives to refer to the river where the town sat at the head of navigation. The English colonists chose to name it for their own leader, King James I. The English colonists named many features in the early years of the Virginia Colony in honor of the king, as well as for his three children, Elizabeth, Henry, and Charles. Although portions of Virginia's longest river upstream from Columbia were much later named for Queen Anne of Great Britain, in modern times, it is called the James River. It forms at the confluence of the Jackson and Cowpasture rivers near the present-day town of Clifton Forge, flowing east to Hampton Roads. (The Rivanna River, a tributary of the James River, and Fluvanna County, were named in reference to Queen Anne). The only water body in Virginia to retain a name related to the Powhatan peoples is Powhatan Creek, located in James City County near Williamsburg. Powhatan County and its county seat at Powhatan, Virginia were honorific names established years later, in locations west of the area populated by the Powhatan peoples.", "Powhatan attack of 1622 Powhatan attack of 1622 popularly known as the Jamestown massacre took place in the English Colony of Virginia, in what is now the United States, on Friday, 22 March 1622. John Smith, though he had not been in Virginia since 1609 and was not an eyewitness, related in his \"History of Virginia\" that braves of the Powhatan \"came unarmed into our houses with deer, turkeys, fish, fruits, and other provisions to sell us\". The Powhatan grabbed any tools or weapons available and killed all the English settlers they found, including men, women, and children of all ages. Chief Opechancanough led the Powhatan Confederacy in a coordinated series of surprise attacks; they killed 347 people, a quarter of the population of the Virginia colony. Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the site of the first successful English settlement in North America, and was then the capital of the Colony of Virginia. Its tobacco economy led to constant expansion and seizure of Powhatan lands, which ultimately provoked a violent reaction. At first, the natives were glad to trade provisions to the colonists for metal tools, but by 1609 the English governor, John Smith, had begun to send raiding parties to demand food. This earned the colonists a bad reputation among the Native Americans and precipitated conflict. They isolated the Native Americans, burned down houses, and stole their food supplies. The English violence alienated the natives further and they laid siege to the Jamestown fort for several months. Unable to secure more food supplies, many colonists died during the \"Starving Time\" in 1609\u201310. The London Company's primary concern was the survival of the colony. In England's best interest the colonists would have to maintain civil relations with the Powhatan.", "Powhatan (Native American leader) Powhatan (c. 1547 \u2013 c. 1618), whose proper name was Wahunsenacawh (alternately spelled Wahunsenacah, Wahunsunacock or Wahunsonacock), was the leader of the Powhatan, an alliance of Algonquian-speaking people living in Tsenacommacah, in the Tidewater region of Virginia at the time English settlers landed at Jamestown in 1607. Powhatan, alternately called \"King\" or \"Chief\" Powahatan by the English, led the main political and military power facing the early colonists, was probably the older brother of Opchanacanough, who led attacks against the English in 1622 and 1644. He was the father of Pocahontas. In 1607, the English colonists were introduced to Wahunsenacawh as Powhatan and understood this latter name to come from Powhatan's hometown near the falls of the James River near present-day Richmond, Virginia. Seventeenth-century English spellings were not standardized, and representations were many of the sounds of the Algonquian language spoken by \"Wahunsenacawh\" and his people. Charles Dudley Warner, writing in the 19th century, but quoting extensively from John Smith's 17th-century writings, in his essay on Pocahontas states: \"In 1618 died the great Powhatan, full of years and satiated with fighting and the savage delights of life. He had many names and titles; his own people sometimes called him Ottaniack, sometimes Mamauatonick, and usually in his presence Wahunsenasawk. \" Many variants are used in texts:   Little is known of Powhatan's life before the arrival of English colonists in 1607."], "answer": {"text": "All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe.", "answer_start": 206}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "answer": {"text": "a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4adf9c3144744cb849c1a908f7e374c_0_q#2", "question": "Where they involved in any other wars?", "rewrite": "Where the Powhatan involved in any other wars other than fight between the colonists and the Powhatan?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The name \"Powhatan\" (also transcribed by Strachey as Paqwachowng) is the name of the native village or town of Wahunsunacawh. The title \"Chief\" or \"King\" Powhatan, used by the English is believed to have been derived from the name of this site. Although the specific site of his home village is unknown, in modern times the Powhatan Hill neighborhood in the East End portion of the modern-day city of Richmond, Virginia is thought by many to be in the general vicinity of the original village. Tree Hill Farm, which is situated in nearby Henrico County a short distance to the east, is also considered as the possible site. \"Powhatan\" was also the name used by the natives to refer to the river where the town sat at the head of navigation. The English colonists chose to name it for their own leader, King James I. The English colonists named many features in the early years of the Virginia Colony in honor of the king, as well as for his three children, Elizabeth, Henry, and Charles. Although portions of Virginia's longest river upstream from Columbia were much later named for Queen Anne of Great Britain, in modern times, it is called the James River. It forms at the confluence of the Jackson and Cowpasture rivers near the present-day town of Clifton Forge, flowing east to Hampton Roads. (The Rivanna River, a tributary of the James River, and Fluvanna County, were named in reference to Queen Anne). The only water body in Virginia to retain a name related to the Powhatan peoples is Powhatan Creek, located in James City County near Williamsburg. Powhatan County and its county seat at Powhatan, Virginia were honorific names established years later, in locations west of the area populated by the Powhatan peoples.", "Using the \"Discovery\", the smallest of the three ships which had been left behind for their use, the colonists explored the surrounding area including the Chesapeake Bay. Smith successfully traded for food with the Indian Nansemonds, who were located along the Nansemond River in the modern-day city of Suffolk, Virginia. He had mixed results dealing with the various other tribes, most of whom were affiliated with the Powhatan Confederacy. With the coming arrival of the new supply fleet, Captain Smith felt the colony was sufficiently reinforced to engage the Powhatan directly with a diplomatic initiative aimed at securing at least a temporary respite from sniping, kidnapping, and assaulting. Taking a small escort they made their way through incessant attacks to the capital of the Powhatan Confederacy. During one legendary encounter with the warrior Opechancanough, Smith's life was spared (according to his later account) by the intervention of Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan. This event initially proved fortuitous for the English, as Chief Powhatan was obviously unaware of the dire straits of the Colony. However, shortly after Newport returned in early January 1608, bringing new colonists and supplies, one of the new colonists accidentally started a fire that leveled all of the colony's living quarters. The fire further deepened the settlement's dependence on the Native Americans for food, and revealed to Chief Powhatan the weakness of the English colony. In August 1609, Smith, who had gained the respect of the Powhatans, was injured in a gunpowder accident and had to return to England for medical treatment, leaving on October 4, 1609. With Smith gone, the Chief Powhatan felt clear to end the truce and he began a campaign to starve the English out of Virginia. The Powhatans stopped trading with the colonists for food.", "Powhatan attack of 1622 Powhatan attack of 1622 popularly known as the Jamestown massacre took place in the English Colony of Virginia, in what is now the United States, on Friday, 22 March 1622. John Smith, though he had not been in Virginia since 1609 and was not an eyewitness, related in his \"History of Virginia\" that braves of the Powhatan \"came unarmed into our houses with deer, turkeys, fish, fruits, and other provisions to sell us\". The Powhatan grabbed any tools or weapons available and killed all the English settlers they found, including men, women, and children of all ages. Chief Opechancanough led the Powhatan Confederacy in a coordinated series of surprise attacks; they killed 347 people, a quarter of the population of the Virginia colony. Jamestown, founded in 1607, was the site of the first successful English settlement in North America, and was then the capital of the Colony of Virginia. Its tobacco economy led to constant expansion and seizure of Powhatan lands, which ultimately provoked a violent reaction. At first, the natives were glad to trade provisions to the colonists for metal tools, but by 1609 the English governor, John Smith, had begun to send raiding parties to demand food. This earned the colonists a bad reputation among the Native Americans and precipitated conflict. They isolated the Native Americans, burned down houses, and stole their food supplies. The English violence alienated the natives further and they laid siege to the Jamestown fort for several months. Unable to secure more food supplies, many colonists died during the \"Starving Time\" in 1609\u201310. The London Company's primary concern was the survival of the colony. In England's best interest the colonists would have to maintain civil relations with the Powhatan.", "Anglo-Powhatan Wars The AngloPowhatan Wars were three wars fought between settlers of the Virginia Colony and Algonquin Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth century. The first war started in 1610 and ended in a peace settlement in 1614. The second war lasted from 1622 to 1626. The third war lasted from 1644 until 1646 and ended when Opechancanough was captured and killed. That war resulted in a defined boundary between the Indians and colonial lands that could only be crossed for official business with a special pass. This situation lasted until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation which established Indian reservations following Bacon's Rebellion. The settlement at Jamestown, Virginia (May 1607) was within the territory of the powerful Chief Wahunsunacawh, known to the colonists as Chief Powhatan. The area was quite swampy and ill-suited to farming, and Powhatan wanted Captain John Smith and the colonists to forsake the swamp and live in one of his satellite towns called \"Capahosick\" where they would make metal tools for him in exchange for full provision. Smith underestimated the power of the Virginia Indians and what they were capable of, as they knew the land much better than the colonists. He was reconnoitering the countryside near Powhatan's capital of Orapax in December 1607, only seven months after building the fort on Jamestown Island, when a communal hunting party led by Opechancanough captured him. Smith was released in time for New Year's 1608 when he promised to move the colony to Capahosick. He had convinced Powhatan that he was the son of Captain Newport, and that Newport was their head \"weroance\" (tribal chief). By spring 1609, the local Paspahegh tribe had resumed raiding the fort at Jamestown.", "Powhatan (Native American leader) Powhatan (c. 1547 \u2013 c. 1618), whose proper name was Wahunsenacawh (alternately spelled Wahunsenacah, Wahunsunacock or Wahunsonacock), was the leader of the Powhatan, an alliance of Algonquian-speaking people living in Tsenacommacah, in the Tidewater region of Virginia at the time English settlers landed at Jamestown in 1607. Powhatan, alternately called \"King\" or \"Chief\" Powahatan by the English, led the main political and military power facing the early colonists, was probably the older brother of Opchanacanough, who led attacks against the English in 1622 and 1644. He was the father of Pocahontas. In 1607, the English colonists were introduced to Wahunsenacawh as Powhatan and understood this latter name to come from Powhatan's hometown near the falls of the James River near present-day Richmond, Virginia. Seventeenth-century English spellings were not standardized, and representations were many of the sounds of the Algonquian language spoken by \"Wahunsenacawh\" and his people. Charles Dudley Warner, writing in the 19th century, but quoting extensively from John Smith's 17th-century writings, in his essay on Pocahontas states: \"In 1618 died the great Powhatan, full of years and satiated with fighting and the savage delights of life. He had many names and titles; his own people sometimes called him Ottaniack, sometimes Mamauatonick, and usually in his presence Wahunsenasawk. \" Many variants are used in texts:   Little is known of Powhatan's life before the arrival of English colonists in 1607."], "answer": {"text": "During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However,", "answer_start": 375}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "answer": {"text": "a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the fight about?", "answer": {"text": "All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe.", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4adf9c3144744cb849c1a908f7e374c_0_q#3", "question": "Who won that war?", "rewrite": "Who won the war between the Powhatan and the Jamestown residents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Starving Time Starving Time at Jamestown in the Colony of Virginia was a period of starvation during the winter of 1609\u20131610. There were about 500 Jamestown residents at the beginning of the winter. However, there were only 60 people still alive when the spring arrived. The colonists, the first group of whom had originally arrived on May 13, 1607, had never planned to grow all of their own food. Their plans depended upon trade with the local Powhatan to supply them with food between the arrivals of periodic supply ships from England. Lack of access to water and a relatively dry rain season crippled the agricultural production of the colonists. Also, the water that the colonists drank was brackish and potable for only half of the year. A fleet from England, damaged by a hurricane, arrived months behind schedule with new colonists, but without expected food supplies. On June 7, 1610, the survivors boarded ships, abandoned the colony site, and sailed towards the Chesapeake Bay. There, another supply convoy with new supplies, headed by newly appointed governor Francis West, intercepted them on the lower James River and returned them to Jamestown. Within a few years, the commercialization of tobacco by John Rolfe secured the settlement's long-term economic prosperity. There is scientific evidence that the settlers at Jamestown had turned to cannibalism during the starving time. The English settlement at Jamestown had been established on May 24, 1607, with the arrival of three ships commanded by Captain Christopher Newport. The initial small group of 104 men and boys chose the location because it was favorable for defensive purposes, but it offered poor hunting prospects and a shortage of drinking water. Although they did some farming, few of the original settlers were accustomed to manual labor or familiar with farming. Hunting on the island was poor, and they quickly exhausted the supply of small game.", "These concerns include the omnipresent, invisible universal force, and \"the three 'life crises' of birth, puberty, and death,\" spiritual beings, revelations, human intercessors into the spirit world, and ceremonies that renew communities. In 1585, a tribe on the eastern coast of North America interacted with the first English person to travel to the continent, Richard Grenville. The Native people were hospitable and receptive to Grenville. Yet, when one Native stole a small silver cup from him, Grenville sacked and burned down the entire village in revenge. In 1607, decades after this initial interaction, the English established Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement on North America, in the middle of the Powhatan confederacy in what is now Virginia. Powhatan, the leader, did not attack the English as they settled, though the English attacked the Powhatans upon meeting them. In the winter of 1609 through 1610, Jamestown residents had little food or effective shelter as they experienced the Starving Time. The Powhatan people integrated and cared for the English who left Jamestown to live with them, as they were much more prepared for the harsh winter. In the summer, when the governor of Jamestown requested that Powhatan return the runaways, he offered vague comments that the English considered rude, but showed no intention to bring them back. In response, the English terrorized a local village, killing about 15 Powhatan, burning the houses down, cutting the corn supply, and kidnapping and murdering the queen and her children. The Powhatans had never seen this magnitude of hatred before Jamestown's establishment; as the chief roughly said in a letter to Captain John Smith:I have seen two generations of my people die... I know the difference between peace and war better than any man in my country...", "Spelman spent a total of about a year and a half with the Powhatan Indians, learning the Algonquian language and their way of life. He acted as a messenger and interpreter between the Powhatan people and the English, arranging for the two groups to trade with one another. Spelman was sent to Jamestown on behalf of the Powhatan to broker a trade for corn, yet after agreeing to the trade the party sent from Jamestown to trade ran into complications with the Powhatan and violence broke out. Of the 50 men in the Jamestown party, all but 16 were captured and killed. The party was led by the governor at the time John Ratcliffe who was also captured and killed. This left Spelman and his fellow interpreter fearful to stay with the Powhatan and unable to return to Jamestown as they might have been hanged as traitors. By this time Spelman had been living at Yawtanoone (Youghtanund) for six months when a local chief of the Patawomeck, a tribe living on the south side of the Potomac River, came to visit Powhatan. Without telling Chief Powhatan, Spelman, Savage, and Dutchman Samuel left when the visiting Chief left. Powhatan's men captured and killed Samuel. Being afraid for his own safety, Spelman did not return and made his way to the Patawomeck. Spelman lived with the Patawomeck in a town called Pasptanzie for over a year. During this time Spelman served as a baby sitter for the chief's children. In January 1611 to the surprise of Captain Samuel Argall, who was sent to open trade with the Patawomek, he found Spelman living among the natives. Spelman was able to who help Argall facilitate much-needed trade for the starving Jamestown.", "In November 1609, Captain John Ratcliffe was invited to Orapakes, Powhatan's new capital. After he had sailed up the Pamunkey River to trade there, a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan. All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe. Those aboard the pinnace escaped and told the tale at Jamestown. During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However, arrival at Jamestown of a new Governor, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, (Lord Delaware) in June 1610 signalled the beginning of the First Anglo-Powhatan War. A brief period of peace came only after the capture of Pocahontas, her baptism, and her marriage to tobacco planter John Rolfe in 1614. Within a few years both Powhatan and Pocahontas were dead. Powhatan died in Virginia, but Pocahontas died while in England. Meanwhile, the English settlers continued to encroach on Powhatan territory. After Wahunsunacawh's death, his younger brother, Opitchapam, briefly became chief, followed by their younger brother Opechancanough. In 1622 (Indian massacre of 1622) and 1644 he attacked the English to force them from Powhatan territories. Both these attempts were met with strong reprisals from the English, ultimately resulting in the near destruction of the tribe. The Second Anglo-Powhatan War that followed the 1644 incident ended in 1646, after Royal Governor of Virginia William Berkeley's forces captured Opechancanough, thought to be between 90 and 100 years old. While a prisoner, Opechancanough was killed, shot in the back by a soldier assigned to guard him.", "John Ingram (revolutionary) John Ingram was a settler of the 17th century British colony of Jamestown, and became a member of Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion. He took the lead of the rebellion after Sir Nathaniel Bacon died from dysentery. The members of the rebellion consisted of 300-500 mostly indentured servants, but included a number of African slaves. They had been upset at the treaty of 1646, which ended the wars between the British and the Powhatan tribes. The rebellion occurred throughout 1676, and resulted in Bacon's forces burning much of Jamestown to the ground. John Ingram Jr. was born sometime before 1644 in Northumberland County, Virginia. His father was John Ingram Sir. and his mother, Jane Ingram. His siblings where Elizabeth Ingram, Thomas Ingram, and Jane Ingram. The first Anglo-Powhatan War occurred from 1610 to 1614, when the English soldiers killed dozens of the [Powhata ]] Native Americans. In 1622, the second Anglo-Powhatan was sparked when the Powhatan went inside Jamestown and suddenly murdered 347 civilians, roughly 30% of Jamestown's population at the time. In 1644, the Powhatan attacked Jamestown in the same style as the 1622 attack. They murdered 400 civilians, about 10% of Jamestown's population at the time, which started the third Anglo-Powhatan war. In 1646, Governor William Berkeley signed a peace treaty with the Powhatan. Indentured servants had been promised that after years of hard work, they would get 100 acres of land. John Ingram himself was an indentured servant. However, this land would be Powhatan territory. The Peace Treaty of 1646 ended these promises towards the indentured servants in order to avoid conflicts with the Powhatan, whose lands they would have occupied."], "answer": {"text": "The residents fought back, but only killed twenty.", "answer_start": 454}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "answer": {"text": "a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the fight about?", "answer": {"text": "All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe.", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where they involved in any other wars?", "answer": {"text": "During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However,", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4adf9c3144744cb849c1a908f7e374c_0_q#4", "question": "When did they sign a treaty?", "rewrite": "When did the Powhatan and the Jamestown residents sign a treaty?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Spelman spent a total of about a year and a half with the Powhatan Indians, learning the Algonquian language and their way of life. He acted as a messenger and interpreter between the Powhatan people and the English, arranging for the two groups to trade with one another. Spelman was sent to Jamestown on behalf of the Powhatan to broker a trade for corn, yet after agreeing to the trade the party sent from Jamestown to trade ran into complications with the Powhatan and violence broke out. Of the 50 men in the Jamestown party, all but 16 were captured and killed. The party was led by the governor at the time John Ratcliffe who was also captured and killed. This left Spelman and his fellow interpreter fearful to stay with the Powhatan and unable to return to Jamestown as they might have been hanged as traitors. By this time Spelman had been living at Yawtanoone (Youghtanund) for six months when a local chief of the Patawomeck, a tribe living on the south side of the Potomac River, came to visit Powhatan. Without telling Chief Powhatan, Spelman, Savage, and Dutchman Samuel left when the visiting Chief left. Powhatan's men captured and killed Samuel. Being afraid for his own safety, Spelman did not return and made his way to the Patawomeck. Spelman lived with the Patawomeck in a town called Pasptanzie for over a year. During this time Spelman served as a baby sitter for the chief's children. In January 1611 to the surprise of Captain Samuel Argall, who was sent to open trade with the Patawomek, he found Spelman living among the natives. Spelman was able to who help Argall facilitate much-needed trade for the starving Jamestown.", "John Ingram (revolutionary) John Ingram was a settler of the 17th century British colony of Jamestown, and became a member of Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion. He took the lead of the rebellion after Sir Nathaniel Bacon died from dysentery. The members of the rebellion consisted of 300-500 mostly indentured servants, but included a number of African slaves. They had been upset at the treaty of 1646, which ended the wars between the British and the Powhatan tribes. The rebellion occurred throughout 1676, and resulted in Bacon's forces burning much of Jamestown to the ground. John Ingram Jr. was born sometime before 1644 in Northumberland County, Virginia. His father was John Ingram Sir. and his mother, Jane Ingram. His siblings where Elizabeth Ingram, Thomas Ingram, and Jane Ingram. The first Anglo-Powhatan War occurred from 1610 to 1614, when the English soldiers killed dozens of the [Powhata ]] Native Americans. In 1622, the second Anglo-Powhatan was sparked when the Powhatan went inside Jamestown and suddenly murdered 347 civilians, roughly 30% of Jamestown's population at the time. In 1644, the Powhatan attacked Jamestown in the same style as the 1622 attack. They murdered 400 civilians, about 10% of Jamestown's population at the time, which started the third Anglo-Powhatan war. In 1646, Governor William Berkeley signed a peace treaty with the Powhatan. Indentured servants had been promised that after years of hard work, they would get 100 acres of land. John Ingram himself was an indentured servant. However, this land would be Powhatan territory. The Peace Treaty of 1646 ended these promises towards the indentured servants in order to avoid conflicts with the Powhatan, whose lands they would have occupied.", "These concerns include the omnipresent, invisible universal force, and \"the three 'life crises' of birth, puberty, and death,\" spiritual beings, revelations, human intercessors into the spirit world, and ceremonies that renew communities. In 1585, a tribe on the eastern coast of North America interacted with the first English person to travel to the continent, Richard Grenville. The Native people were hospitable and receptive to Grenville. Yet, when one Native stole a small silver cup from him, Grenville sacked and burned down the entire village in revenge. In 1607, decades after this initial interaction, the English established Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement on North America, in the middle of the Powhatan confederacy in what is now Virginia. Powhatan, the leader, did not attack the English as they settled, though the English attacked the Powhatans upon meeting them. In the winter of 1609 through 1610, Jamestown residents had little food or effective shelter as they experienced the Starving Time. The Powhatan people integrated and cared for the English who left Jamestown to live with them, as they were much more prepared for the harsh winter. In the summer, when the governor of Jamestown requested that Powhatan return the runaways, he offered vague comments that the English considered rude, but showed no intention to bring them back. In response, the English terrorized a local village, killing about 15 Powhatan, burning the houses down, cutting the corn supply, and kidnapping and murdering the queen and her children. The Powhatans had never seen this magnitude of hatred before Jamestown's establishment; as the chief roughly said in a letter to Captain John Smith:I have seen two generations of my people die... I know the difference between peace and war better than any man in my country...", "Starving Time Starving Time at Jamestown in the Colony of Virginia was a period of starvation during the winter of 1609\u20131610. There were about 500 Jamestown residents at the beginning of the winter. However, there were only 60 people still alive when the spring arrived. The colonists, the first group of whom had originally arrived on May 13, 1607, had never planned to grow all of their own food. Their plans depended upon trade with the local Powhatan to supply them with food between the arrivals of periodic supply ships from England. Lack of access to water and a relatively dry rain season crippled the agricultural production of the colonists. Also, the water that the colonists drank was brackish and potable for only half of the year. A fleet from England, damaged by a hurricane, arrived months behind schedule with new colonists, but without expected food supplies. On June 7, 1610, the survivors boarded ships, abandoned the colony site, and sailed towards the Chesapeake Bay. There, another supply convoy with new supplies, headed by newly appointed governor Francis West, intercepted them on the lower James River and returned them to Jamestown. Within a few years, the commercialization of tobacco by John Rolfe secured the settlement's long-term economic prosperity. There is scientific evidence that the settlers at Jamestown had turned to cannibalism during the starving time. The English settlement at Jamestown had been established on May 24, 1607, with the arrival of three ships commanded by Captain Christopher Newport. The initial small group of 104 men and boys chose the location because it was favorable for defensive purposes, but it offered poor hunting prospects and a shortage of drinking water. Although they did some farming, few of the original settlers were accustomed to manual labor or familiar with farming. Hunting on the island was poor, and they quickly exhausted the supply of small game.", "In November 1609, Captain John Ratcliffe was invited to Orapakes, Powhatan's new capital. After he had sailed up the Pamunkey River to trade there, a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan. All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe. Those aboard the pinnace escaped and told the tale at Jamestown. During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However, arrival at Jamestown of a new Governor, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, (Lord Delaware) in June 1610 signalled the beginning of the First Anglo-Powhatan War. A brief period of peace came only after the capture of Pocahontas, her baptism, and her marriage to tobacco planter John Rolfe in 1614. Within a few years both Powhatan and Pocahontas were dead. Powhatan died in Virginia, but Pocahontas died while in England. Meanwhile, the English settlers continued to encroach on Powhatan territory. After Wahunsunacawh's death, his younger brother, Opitchapam, briefly became chief, followed by their younger brother Opechancanough. In 1622 (Indian massacre of 1622) and 1644 he attacked the English to force them from Powhatan territories. Both these attempts were met with strong reprisals from the English, ultimately resulting in the near destruction of the tribe. The Second Anglo-Powhatan War that followed the 1644 incident ended in 1646, after Royal Governor of Virginia William Berkeley's forces captured Opechancanough, thought to be between 90 and 100 years old. While a prisoner, Opechancanough was killed, shot in the back by a soldier assigned to guard him."], "answer": {"text": "The Treaty of 1646", "answer_start": 103}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "answer": {"text": "a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the fight about?", "answer": {"text": "All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe.", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where they involved in any other wars?", "answer": {"text": "During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However,", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won that war?", "answer": {"text": "The residents fought back, but only killed twenty.", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4adf9c3144744cb849c1a908f7e374c_0_q#5", "question": "What did the treaty say?", "rewrite": "What did The Treaty of 1646 say?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Twilight continuing her journey of becoming a princess in Equestria with the help of her friends; they discover that her new castle includes a magical map that highlights troubles across Equestria for them to resolve. In the two-part premiere, they come across a town indicated on the map where all of its pony citizens have an equals sign as their cutie mark and odd, creepy smiles. On February 25, 2015, it was announced at Australia's 2015 PonyCon that the show would have a second Christmas-themed episode. Another episode featured the Smooze, a gelatinous villain from the Generation 1 1986 film, \"\". In an interview with World Screen, Stephen Davis announced that the series was going into its fifth season. On May 7, 2014, the series was renewed for a fifth season consisting of 26 episodes, with a tentative broadcast slated for April 4, 2015. On June 17, 2014, Business Wire released a press release confirming that it would premiere sometime in the fourth quarter of 2014, but it was later revised by Hasbro. At BronyCon 2014, G.M. Berrow announced that she wrote an episode, which focused on Pinkie Pie. From November 17 to December 22, 2014, the official My Little Pony YouTube channel released six weekly teaser trailers for the upcoming fifth season, each featuring one of the Mane Six as well as giving a premiere date on early 2015. Some scenes from \"The Cutie Map\" were teased in Rainbow Dash's and Rarity's recap videos for the season 5 teasers.", "Assuming the title of \"Princess of Friendship\", Twilight becomes responsible for spreading friendship across Equestria from the Castle of Friendship, a tree-shaped crystalline castle that replaces the library after its destruction in \"Twilight's Kingdom\". After \"School Daze\", Twilight becomes \"headmare\" of the School of Friendship to teach other creatures the benefits of friendship and appoints her friends as teachers. Later in season nine, she steps down from the position and appoints Starlight Glimmer as her replacement; in the series finale, Princesses Celestia and Luna retire and crown her as the new ruler of Equestria. Spike is a purple baby dragon with green spines who is based on the \"G1\" and \"G3\" character of the same name. Spike was orphaned as an egg and hatched by a young Twilight Sparkle as part of her entrance exam for Celestia's academy, he is raised among Twilight's family as his adopted sister and/or mother figure; he fulfills the role of Twilight's \"number one assistant\" to which he is named so for his loyalty and skill at helping Twilight solve problems and learn lessons. He is also described as having a crush on Rarity, an insatiable appetite for sparkly gems, and the ability to send letters via his fiery dragon breath. He gains wings in the season eight episode \"Molt Down\". Author Begin calls Spike a foil to the Mane Six in terms of personality, size and shape which \"provides plenty of opportunity for exploring this difference in storylines. \" He adopts a newborn phoenix named Peewee in \"Dragon Quest\" and returned Peewee to his family in \"Just for Sidekicks\". Faust envisioned the character as \"the sensitive little boy who has a lot of sisters and just seems to get along better with girls.\"", "In 1971, this group of Messengers reached number 62 in the US national charts with \"That's the Way a Woman is.\" Perhaps due to the simplicity of the lyrics, this single was an even bigger hit in Japan (under the title \"Ki ni naru onna no ko\" \u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308b\u5973\u306e\u5b50). This song had a small revival in 2005 in Japan due to its being used in an Otsuka Pharmaceutical's \"Amino Supli\" sports drink commercial.", "This change was reportedly intended to give the governor stronger oversight of the education system. At the same time, a new office was created, the Oregon Chief Educational Officer. This office oversees all educational programs in Oregon, including preschool (Head Start), K-12 public schools, community colleges, and universities. Previously these educational institutions had been only connected in a loose sense. This new position is designed to provide budget and mission unification. Therefore, the position of Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction reports to the Chief Educational Officer in the first instance, and then to the governor. The Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction is a professional-level position, as opposed to an elected position, and therefore pays about three times the salary of the previous Superintendent of Public Instruction position. The Deputy Superintendent will continue in the role of the now-defunct Superintendent as head of the Oregon Department of Education, which oversees K-12 school standards. Saxton was announced for the statewide oversight position by Governor Kitzhaber on July 12, 2012. He becomes the first ever non-elected leader of Oregon's public schools. Kitzhaber indicated that Saxton's significant experience as Tigard-Tualatin superintendent was a key factor in his selection. After the appointment of Rudy Crew as Chief Education Officer, Saxton was the second top-level appointment in Kitzhaber's new education bureaucracy. The reforms were set to transfer the position from elected to appointed with the expiration of Susan Castillo's term as Superintendent. However, her early resignation created the vacancy filled by Saxton. Saxton takes up the role in an official capacity as of July 31, 2012. However, to continue on a permanent basis, his appointment must be confirmed by the Oregon legislature, which does not sit again until fall of 2012.", "Several episodes depict Luna's \"difficulty living in her older sister's shadow\", such as adapting to modern Equestrian customs and repairing her public image. Outside the television series, Luna owns a pet opossum named Tiberius that appears in several comics and chapter books. Princess Cadance (full name Mi Amore Cadenza) and Prince Shining Armor are Twilight Sparkle's older sister-in-law and brother, respectively, who debuted in \"A Canterlot Wedding\". Cadance is Celestia's adopted niece and Twilight's childhood \"foal-sitter\"; according to the chapter book \"Twilight Sparkle and the Crystal Heart Spell\", she was a pegasus who became an alicorn after reversing an evil sorceress's love-stealing spell. She married Shining Armor, the captain of Canterlot's royal guard who has a close relationship with his sister and is nicknamed her \"Big Brother Best Friend Forever\" (B.B.B.F.F.). In the third-season premiere, Celestia appoints Shining Armor and Cadance to rule the Crystal Empire, inhabited by Crystal Ponies who spread hope and love across Equestria. In the season six premiere \"The Crystalling\", Cadance gives birth to an alicorn filly named Flurry Heart. Celestia and Luna both stated that \"the birth of an alicorn, is something Equestria has never seen\", and that it was \"even beyond their understanding.\" The Cutie Mark Crusaders are a trio of fillies bonded by their desire to earn their \"cutie marks\", symbols that appear on a pony's flank once they discover their special talents in life. They are each depicted as younger sibling figures to the main cast except Scootaloo."], "answer": {"text": "as white colonists were granted an exclusive enclave between the York and Blackwater Rivers.", "answer_start": 182}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "answer": {"text": "a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the fight about?", "answer": {"text": "All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe.", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where they involved in any other wars?", "answer": {"text": "During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However,", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won that war?", "answer": {"text": "The residents fought back, but only killed twenty.", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they sign a treaty?", "answer": {"text": "The Treaty of 1646", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f4adf9c3144744cb849c1a908f7e374c_0_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article other than The Treaty of 1646?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "And the Jews of the tribe of al-Aws, clients as well as original members, shall have the same rights as the people of this code: and shall behave sincerely and faithfully towards the latter, not perpetrating any breach of covenant. As one shall sow so shall he reap. And God is with him who will most sincerely and faithfully carry out the provisions of this code. (47) And this prescript shall not be of any avail to any oppressor or breaker of covenant. And one shall have security whether one goes out to a campaign or remains in Madina, or else it will be an oppression and breach of covenant. And God is the Protector of him who performs the obligations with faithfulness and care, as also His Messenger Muhammad (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645). Muhammad's Quraysh (or Quraish) tribe appear in the document as both a principal constituent of the community and the enemy. The Quraysh referred to are sometimes the followers of Muhammad as \"migrants\" or \"believers\", but other times, the word refers to those members of the tribe who expelled Muhammad and his followers from Mecca, the Qurayshi capital. Bernard Lewis claims that the charter was not a treaty in the modern sense but a unilateral proclamation by Muhammad. One of the constitution's more interesting aspects was the inclusion of the Jewish tribes in the ummah because although the Jewish tribes were \"one community with the believers\", they also \"have their religion and the Muslims have theirs\". L. Ali Khan says that it was a social contract derived from a treaty and not from any fictional state of nature or from behind the Rawlsian veil of ignorance. It was built upon the concept of one community of diverse tribes living under the sovereignty of one God.", "Gablingen Kaserne Gablingen Kaserne is a former military facility in Gablingen near Augsburg, Germany, which was closed in 1998. Its primary use was signals intelligence collection during the Cold War. Part of Gablingen Kaserne was constructed prior to World War I for use by the Royal Bavarian Air Force. The airfield was closed in 1918 and flight activities were prohibited in 1919 as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. Reopened in 1936 as a Luftwaffe airfield, Gablingen was home to three Luftwaffe flying schools: Flugzeugf\u00fchrerschule A5, Nachtjadgschule 1, and Flugzeugf\u00fchrerschule C7. In addition, the entire facility was enlarged as one of the two German Air Bases in the Augsburg area, the other one being Lechfeld Airbase. One of the most interesting aspects of the history of Gablingen is the complex tunnel system beneath the old airdrome, which may have been used to conceal the existence of a Messerschmitt test facility located there prior to, and during, the Second World War. The Messerschmitt plant used laborers from the Dachau concentration camp. Messerschmitt's rocket-powered Messerschmitt Me 163 were tested at this facility as early as 1941. American forces seized the base almost unopposed on 1 May 1945 and the facility was quickly secured. IX Engineer Command engineers from the 833rd Aviation Engineer Battalion moved into the facility and designated the base as Advanced Landing Ground \"R-77\", although no combat unit moved to the airfield until 15 May, after the German Capitulation to perform occupation duty. Renamed as Army Airfield Station Gablingen, several USAAF groups were assigned to the airfield until 1 July 1946, when the facility was turned over to the United States Army.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil.", "Ex parte Curtis Ex parte Curtis, 106 U.S. 371 (1882), is an 8-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court that the Act of August 15, 1876 was a constitutional exercise of the enumerated powers of the United States Congress under of the United States Constitution. The petitioner had been convicted of receiving money for political purposes in violation of the Act. The petitioner asked the Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote the opinion for the majority. The constitutional grounds under which the petitioner challenged the Act were not discussed by the Court. Waite noted that Congress had a lengthy history of passing laws restricting the rights and privileges of civil servants, and the constitutionality of such laws had never before been challenged. Next, Waite affirmed that Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution clearly gave Congress the power to determine for itself what was proper in the realm of reining in political corruption: Waite refused to pass judgment on the validity of the writ of habeas corpus, concluding that the Supreme Court's \"jurisdiction is limited to the single question of the power of the court to commit the prisoner for the act of which he has been convicted.\" Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley dissented. He concluded that the Act impermissibly infringed on First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of association: Justice Bradley also concluded that the Act was overbroad and that the same positive ends (ending political corruption) could have been achieved by alternative, narrower means. One of the interesting aspects of the majority's decision is that it believed Congress prohibited not civil servants from making political donations on their own but making such donations through their supervisors. Justice Bradley dissented, in part, by arguing that the law banned even voluntary contributions made through superiors (a ban that he felt was unconstitutional)."], "answer": {"text": "After the Treaty of Albany in 1684, the Powhatan Confederacy all but vanished.", "answer_start": 948}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What wars were the Powhatan involved in?", "answer": {"text": "a fight broke out between the colonists and the Powhatan.", "answer_start": 148, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the fight about?", "answer": {"text": "All of the English ashore were killed, including Ratcliffe, who was tortured by the women of the tribe.", "answer_start": 206, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where they involved in any other wars?", "answer": {"text": "During that next year, the tribe attacked and killed many Jamestown residents. The residents fought back, but only killed twenty. However,", "answer_start": 375, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who won that war?", "answer": {"text": "The residents fought back, but only killed twenty.", "answer_start": 454, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they sign a treaty?", "answer": {"text": "The Treaty of 1646", "answer_start": 103, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "What did the treaty say?", "answer": {"text": "as white colonists were granted an exclusive enclave between the York and Blackwater Rivers.", "answer_start": 182, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae0a6fa384504f09afb44f2cf7718518_1_q#0", "question": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "rewrite": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Three Stooges in Orbit The Three Stooges In Orbit is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the fourth feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures and produced by Normandy Productions, \"The Three Stooges In Orbit\" was directed by long-time Stooge director Edward Bernds, whom Moe later cited as the team's finest director. The Stooges are TV actors who are trying to sell ideas for their animated television show \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\". Unfortunately, their producer does not like anything. He gives the boys ten days to come up with a gimmick or their show will be canceled. In the meantime the Stooges lose their accommodation when they are caught cooking in their room because Curly-Joe turned up the TV-disguised refrigerator way too loud which distracted the landlady. The only affordable accommodation that will allow cooking is found in an advertisement in a newspaper. The home belongs to Professor Danforth (Emil Sitka) and it resembles a castle. Professor Danforth is convinced that Martians will soon invade Earth. He persuades the boys to help him with his new military invention\u2014a land, air and sea vehicle (tank, helicopter, flying submarine). In return, Danforth will create a new \"electronic animation\" machine for the Stooges to use in their television show. The boys think the Professor a crank but accept his eccentricities along with his accommodation. No one, especially the FBI listens to the Professor's cries for help but the boys apprehend Danforth's butler who dresses like a monster to terrify the Professor.", "The Three Stooges (2000 film) The Three Stooges is an American biographical television film about the slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges directed by James Frawley. This television film was entirely shot in Sydney, Australia. It was broadcast on ABC on April 24, 2000. The film is a biography of the Three Stooges following their careers and rise to fame as shown through the eyes of their leader, Moe Howard. This movie breaks away from the traditionally humorous Three Stooges format and has more of a serious undertone throughout. The film opens in 1959 with an aging Moe Howard running errands for his former agent Harry Romm on the studio lot at Columbia Pictures. A young television executive from Boston has traveled to L.A. to convince Moe and the Stooges to come back East and perform their act live in theatres and on television, but Moe is not interested. The film then flashes back to 1925, when comedian Ted Healy hires the Howard brothers for his vaudeville act. Healy offers to add Larry Fine to the act if he drops the fiddle playing from his routine. Healy pockets most of the money, which doesn't sit well with the others. The three men decide on a trademark of each having distinct hairstyles: Moe with a bowl cut, Larry with curly frizzy hair and Curly Howard (real name Jerome, also called \u201cBabe\u201d by his brothers) with a crew cut. (Shemp Howard would part his hair right down the middle.) 20th Century Fox produces \"Soup to Nuts\" with Healy and the Three Stooges, along with Shemp Howard and then offers Moe a seven year contract - without Ted. Healy interferes with the deal until Harry Cohn signs The Three Stooges to Columbia in 1934. Cohn sends the act to the short films department.", "Norman Maurer Norman Albert Maurer (May 13, 1926 \u2013 November 23, 1986) was a comic book artist and writer, and a director and producer of films and television shows. Maurer's lifelong association with the Three Stooges began about the time of his marriage to Joan Howard, the daughter of the comedy team's Moe Howard on June 29, 1947. In 1949, he produced two \"Three Stooges\" comic book issues for Jubilee, based on the short films the team was making for Columbia Pictures. In 1953, Maurer created the first 3-D comics, \"Three-Dimension Comics\" featuring \"Mighty Mouse\", with his brother, Leonard Maurer, and Joe Kubert. Two three-dimensional Stooge comics were also issued in 1953. He returned to the Stooges in comic form in 1972 with Gold Key Comics' \"The Little Stooges\", which ran for seven issues over the next two years. Maurer was associate producer of \"Space Master X-7\" (1958), in which his father-in-law, Moe, had a minor role, and is credited with the creation of the CineMagic process used in the 1960 film \"The Angry Red Planet\". He became the manager of the Three Stooges after Columbia terminated their employment in 1957 and has credits in most of their later feature films. He produced \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" (1960), and wrote the screen stories and produced \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\" (1963) and \"The Outlaws IS Coming!\" (1965), the last two of which he also directed. Maurer's son, Jeffrey Scott", "Some of the cartoons featured a recurring character named Badman, a jerky supervillain with a Batman get-up who is actually a 5-year-old boy that is nice and kind. The boy can only transform to Badman if he ever hears or says the word \"bad\", and for Badman, vice versa for \"good\". In the episode \"Badman of the Briny\", the two finally find out that they are the same person in several scenes. Another recurring character was a western outlaw named Getoutoftownbysundown Brown. To avoid any licensing problems, Cambria did not use any of the past Three Stooges theme songs, including \"Three Blind Mice\", or \"Listen to the Mockingbird\", even though both had lapsed into the public domain at the time (likewise, the on-screen title used a numeral 3 to avoid infringing on any trademark Columbia Pictures might have held on the phrase \"The Three Stooges\"). Several of the musical pieces used on the show were also used for the \"Bozo's Big Top\" series in the 1960s and early 1970s. This was actually not the first attempt at an animated version of \"The Three Stooges\", nor was it the last. During the late 1950s, Norman Maurer attempted to sell \"Stooge Time\", a partially live action, partially rotoscope animation half-hour series to television. In 1960, Maurer and the Stooges filmed a pilot for a half-hour series \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\", which featured a five-minute Stooge cartoon. The Three Stooges would later return to animated form in two episodes of \"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\" and in the series \"The Robonic Stooges\".", "The Three Stooges Scrapbook Three Stooges Scrapbook was an unaired 1960s television pilot starring The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly-Joe DeRita). In the opening title and Hollywood trade ads, the show's title is spelled without \"The,\" including a promotional photograph of the Stooges holding an oversized scrapbook. The pilot featured the slapstick trio getting evicted from a rooming house for cooking in their apartment, looking for a new place to live, finding refuge in the home of a mad inventor (played by Emil Sitka), and presenting an animated short called \"The Spain Mutiny\" that imagines the funnymen as part of Christopher Columbus\u2019 crew. \"Three Stooges Scrapbook\" was filmed in color and produced by Norman Maurer ( Moe Howard\u2019s son-in-law), who hoped to establish a weekly program for children\u2019s television. When no network wanted to pursue the project as a series, Maurer divided the pilot into two short films that were released to theaters in 1963. Maurer also reprinted the live action scenes in black-and-white and incorporated them into the 1962 feature film \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\". To date, the original pilot has never been released on home media. \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" is also the title of a 1982 book written by Stooge experts Jeff and Greg Lenburg and Joan Howard Maurer (Moe Howard's daughter and Norman Maurer's wife)."], "answer": {"text": "They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes", "answer_start": 259}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_ae0a6fa384504f09afb44f2cf7718518_1_q#1", "question": "What was some of their work?", "rewrite": "What was some of The Three Stooges work?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Norman Maurer Norman Albert Maurer (May 13, 1926 \u2013 November 23, 1986) was a comic book artist and writer, and a director and producer of films and television shows. Maurer's lifelong association with the Three Stooges began about the time of his marriage to Joan Howard, the daughter of the comedy team's Moe Howard on June 29, 1947. In 1949, he produced two \"Three Stooges\" comic book issues for Jubilee, based on the short films the team was making for Columbia Pictures. In 1953, Maurer created the first 3-D comics, \"Three-Dimension Comics\" featuring \"Mighty Mouse\", with his brother, Leonard Maurer, and Joe Kubert. Two three-dimensional Stooge comics were also issued in 1953. He returned to the Stooges in comic form in 1972 with Gold Key Comics' \"The Little Stooges\", which ran for seven issues over the next two years. Maurer was associate producer of \"Space Master X-7\" (1958), in which his father-in-law, Moe, had a minor role, and is credited with the creation of the CineMagic process used in the 1960 film \"The Angry Red Planet\". He became the manager of the Three Stooges after Columbia terminated their employment in 1957 and has credits in most of their later feature films. He produced \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" (1960), and wrote the screen stories and produced \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\" (1963) and \"The Outlaws IS Coming!\" (1965), the last two of which he also directed. Maurer's son, Jeffrey Scott", "The Three Stooges (2000 film) The Three Stooges is an American biographical television film about the slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges directed by James Frawley. This television film was entirely shot in Sydney, Australia. It was broadcast on ABC on April 24, 2000. The film is a biography of the Three Stooges following their careers and rise to fame as shown through the eyes of their leader, Moe Howard. This movie breaks away from the traditionally humorous Three Stooges format and has more of a serious undertone throughout. The film opens in 1959 with an aging Moe Howard running errands for his former agent Harry Romm on the studio lot at Columbia Pictures. A young television executive from Boston has traveled to L.A. to convince Moe and the Stooges to come back East and perform their act live in theatres and on television, but Moe is not interested. The film then flashes back to 1925, when comedian Ted Healy hires the Howard brothers for his vaudeville act. Healy offers to add Larry Fine to the act if he drops the fiddle playing from his routine. Healy pockets most of the money, which doesn't sit well with the others. The three men decide on a trademark of each having distinct hairstyles: Moe with a bowl cut, Larry with curly frizzy hair and Curly Howard (real name Jerome, also called \u201cBabe\u201d by his brothers) with a crew cut. (Shemp Howard would part his hair right down the middle.) 20th Century Fox produces \"Soup to Nuts\" with Healy and the Three Stooges, along with Shemp Howard and then offers Moe a seven year contract - without Ted. Healy interferes with the deal until Harry Cohn signs The Three Stooges to Columbia in 1934. Cohn sends the act to the short films department.", "The Three Stooges Meet Hercules The Three Stooges Meet Hercules is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the third feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures, \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" was directed by long-time Stooges director Edward Bernds. It was the most financially successful of the Stooges' feature films. The Stooges work at Dimsal's Drug Store in Ithaca, New York, where they befriend their eccentric next door neighbour Schuyler Davis (Quinn Redeker), who is attempting to build a time machine. With the boys' \"help\", the machine transports the boys, Schuyler and disaffected girlfriend Diane Quigley (Vicki Trickett) back in time to Ithaca in ancient Greece during the reign of the lecherous King Odius (George N. Neise). The King, after defeating and imprisoning Ulysses because the Stooges are believed to be gods, has a yearning for Diane. Realizing they have disrupted the proper course of history, Schuyler and the boys free Ulysses, after which Odius banishes them to the galleys. However the constant rowing causes Schuyler to become extremely muscular and superhumanly strong, equal to Hercules. After an escape and shipwreck, they kill a monster Siamese Cyclops with the help of Joe's sleeping pills and start billing Schuyler as Hercules at a local gladiatorial arena. The real Hercules (Samson Burke) gets wind of their game and confronts them, but after single combat, the Stooges convince Hercules to help them rescue Diane in a chariot chase.", "The Three Stooges in Orbit The Three Stooges In Orbit is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the fourth feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures and produced by Normandy Productions, \"The Three Stooges In Orbit\" was directed by long-time Stooge director Edward Bernds, whom Moe later cited as the team's finest director. The Stooges are TV actors who are trying to sell ideas for their animated television show \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\". Unfortunately, their producer does not like anything. He gives the boys ten days to come up with a gimmick or their show will be canceled. In the meantime the Stooges lose their accommodation when they are caught cooking in their room because Curly-Joe turned up the TV-disguised refrigerator way too loud which distracted the landlady. The only affordable accommodation that will allow cooking is found in an advertisement in a newspaper. The home belongs to Professor Danforth (Emil Sitka) and it resembles a castle. Professor Danforth is convinced that Martians will soon invade Earth. He persuades the boys to help him with his new military invention\u2014a land, air and sea vehicle (tank, helicopter, flying submarine). In return, Danforth will create a new \"electronic animation\" machine for the Stooges to use in their television show. The boys think the Professor a crank but accept his eccentricities along with his accommodation. No one, especially the FBI listens to the Professor's cries for help but the boys apprehend Danforth's butler who dresses like a monster to terrify the Professor.", "The Three Stooges Scrapbook Three Stooges Scrapbook was an unaired 1960s television pilot starring The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly-Joe DeRita). In the opening title and Hollywood trade ads, the show's title is spelled without \"The,\" including a promotional photograph of the Stooges holding an oversized scrapbook. The pilot featured the slapstick trio getting evicted from a rooming house for cooking in their apartment, looking for a new place to live, finding refuge in the home of a mad inventor (played by Emil Sitka), and presenting an animated short called \"The Spain Mutiny\" that imagines the funnymen as part of Christopher Columbus\u2019 crew. \"Three Stooges Scrapbook\" was filmed in color and produced by Norman Maurer ( Moe Howard\u2019s son-in-law), who hoped to establish a weekly program for children\u2019s television. When no network wanted to pursue the project as a series, Maurer divided the pilot into two short films that were released to theaters in 1963. Maurer also reprinted the live action scenes in black-and-white and incorporated them into the 1962 feature film \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\". To date, the original pilot has never been released on home media. \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" is also the title of a 1982 book written by Stooge experts Jeff and Greg Lenburg and Joan Howard Maurer (Moe Howard's daughter and Norman Maurer's wife)."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "answer": {"text": "They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae0a6fa384504f09afb44f2cf7718518_1_q#2", "question": "What was one of their Dvd title", "rewrite": "What was one of The Three Stooges Dvd title?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Three Stooges in Orbit The Three Stooges In Orbit is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the fourth feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures and produced by Normandy Productions, \"The Three Stooges In Orbit\" was directed by long-time Stooge director Edward Bernds, whom Moe later cited as the team's finest director. The Stooges are TV actors who are trying to sell ideas for their animated television show \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\". Unfortunately, their producer does not like anything. He gives the boys ten days to come up with a gimmick or their show will be canceled. In the meantime the Stooges lose their accommodation when they are caught cooking in their room because Curly-Joe turned up the TV-disguised refrigerator way too loud which distracted the landlady. The only affordable accommodation that will allow cooking is found in an advertisement in a newspaper. The home belongs to Professor Danforth (Emil Sitka) and it resembles a castle. Professor Danforth is convinced that Martians will soon invade Earth. He persuades the boys to help him with his new military invention\u2014a land, air and sea vehicle (tank, helicopter, flying submarine). In return, Danforth will create a new \"electronic animation\" machine for the Stooges to use in their television show. The boys think the Professor a crank but accept his eccentricities along with his accommodation. No one, especially the FBI listens to the Professor's cries for help but the boys apprehend Danforth's butler who dresses like a monster to terrify the Professor.", "Norman Maurer Norman Albert Maurer (May 13, 1926 \u2013 November 23, 1986) was a comic book artist and writer, and a director and producer of films and television shows. Maurer's lifelong association with the Three Stooges began about the time of his marriage to Joan Howard, the daughter of the comedy team's Moe Howard on June 29, 1947. In 1949, he produced two \"Three Stooges\" comic book issues for Jubilee, based on the short films the team was making for Columbia Pictures. In 1953, Maurer created the first 3-D comics, \"Three-Dimension Comics\" featuring \"Mighty Mouse\", with his brother, Leonard Maurer, and Joe Kubert. Two three-dimensional Stooge comics were also issued in 1953. He returned to the Stooges in comic form in 1972 with Gold Key Comics' \"The Little Stooges\", which ran for seven issues over the next two years. Maurer was associate producer of \"Space Master X-7\" (1958), in which his father-in-law, Moe, had a minor role, and is credited with the creation of the CineMagic process used in the 1960 film \"The Angry Red Planet\". He became the manager of the Three Stooges after Columbia terminated their employment in 1957 and has credits in most of their later feature films. He produced \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" (1960), and wrote the screen stories and produced \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\" (1963) and \"The Outlaws IS Coming!\" (1965), the last two of which he also directed. Maurer's son, Jeffrey Scott", "The Knife of the Party The Knife of the Party is a black-and-white short film starring Shemp Howard. The comedy was filmed at Van Beuren Studios and released by RKO Radio Pictures on February 16, 1934. Shemp Howard makes an odd appearance as the lead stooge of four smack-around stooges. This act was presumably either a casting decision by the filmmakers or a short-lived act put together by Shemp. Shemp had been the original second stooge with Moe as First and Kenneth Lackey as the original third stooge. Three Stooges Shemp later left the act to be replaced by his brother Curly Howard, then returned after Curly retired in the wake of a series of strokes. This feature appears on the Three Stooges DVD \"The Three Stooges: Greatest Hits and Rarities\". The songs, by Harold Spina (music) and Johnny Burke (lyrics), include \"Whistle While You Work\" (not to be confused with the song made famous three years later in Walt Disney's animated film \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\").", "The Three Stooges Scrapbook Three Stooges Scrapbook was an unaired 1960s television pilot starring The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly-Joe DeRita). In the opening title and Hollywood trade ads, the show's title is spelled without \"The,\" including a promotional photograph of the Stooges holding an oversized scrapbook. The pilot featured the slapstick trio getting evicted from a rooming house for cooking in their apartment, looking for a new place to live, finding refuge in the home of a mad inventor (played by Emil Sitka), and presenting an animated short called \"The Spain Mutiny\" that imagines the funnymen as part of Christopher Columbus\u2019 crew. \"Three Stooges Scrapbook\" was filmed in color and produced by Norman Maurer ( Moe Howard\u2019s son-in-law), who hoped to establish a weekly program for children\u2019s television. When no network wanted to pursue the project as a series, Maurer divided the pilot into two short films that were released to theaters in 1963. Maurer also reprinted the live action scenes in black-and-white and incorporated them into the 1962 feature film \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\". To date, the original pilot has never been released on home media. \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" is also the title of a 1982 book written by Stooge experts Jeff and Greg Lenburg and Joan Howard Maurer (Moe Howard's daughter and Norman Maurer's wife).", "The Three Stooges (2000 film) The Three Stooges is an American biographical television film about the slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges directed by James Frawley. This television film was entirely shot in Sydney, Australia. It was broadcast on ABC on April 24, 2000. The film is a biography of the Three Stooges following their careers and rise to fame as shown through the eyes of their leader, Moe Howard. This movie breaks away from the traditionally humorous Three Stooges format and has more of a serious undertone throughout. The film opens in 1959 with an aging Moe Howard running errands for his former agent Harry Romm on the studio lot at Columbia Pictures. A young television executive from Boston has traveled to L.A. to convince Moe and the Stooges to come back East and perform their act live in theatres and on television, but Moe is not interested. The film then flashes back to 1925, when comedian Ted Healy hires the Howard brothers for his vaudeville act. Healy offers to add Larry Fine to the act if he drops the fiddle playing from his routine. Healy pockets most of the money, which doesn't sit well with the others. The three men decide on a trademark of each having distinct hairstyles: Moe with a bowl cut, Larry with curly frizzy hair and Curly Howard (real name Jerome, also called \u201cBabe\u201d by his brothers) with a crew cut. (Shemp Howard would part his hair right down the middle.) 20th Century Fox produces \"Soup to Nuts\" with Healy and the Three Stooges, along with Shemp Howard and then offers Moe a seven year contract - without Ted. Healy interferes with the deal until Harry Cohn signs The Three Stooges to Columbia in 1934. Cohn sends the act to the short films department."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "answer": {"text": "They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of their work?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae0a6fa384504f09afb44f2cf7718518_1_q#3", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "IN addition to The Three Stooges receiving critical recognition, are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Norman Maurer Norman Albert Maurer (May 13, 1926 \u2013 November 23, 1986) was a comic book artist and writer, and a director and producer of films and television shows. Maurer's lifelong association with the Three Stooges began about the time of his marriage to Joan Howard, the daughter of the comedy team's Moe Howard on June 29, 1947. In 1949, he produced two \"Three Stooges\" comic book issues for Jubilee, based on the short films the team was making for Columbia Pictures. In 1953, Maurer created the first 3-D comics, \"Three-Dimension Comics\" featuring \"Mighty Mouse\", with his brother, Leonard Maurer, and Joe Kubert. Two three-dimensional Stooge comics were also issued in 1953. He returned to the Stooges in comic form in 1972 with Gold Key Comics' \"The Little Stooges\", which ran for seven issues over the next two years. Maurer was associate producer of \"Space Master X-7\" (1958), in which his father-in-law, Moe, had a minor role, and is credited with the creation of the CineMagic process used in the 1960 film \"The Angry Red Planet\". He became the manager of the Three Stooges after Columbia terminated their employment in 1957 and has credits in most of their later feature films. He produced \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" (1960), and wrote the screen stories and produced \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\" (1963) and \"The Outlaws IS Coming!\" (1965), the last two of which he also directed. Maurer's son, Jeffrey Scott", "The Three Stooges (2000 film) The Three Stooges is an American biographical television film about the slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges directed by James Frawley. This television film was entirely shot in Sydney, Australia. It was broadcast on ABC on April 24, 2000. The film is a biography of the Three Stooges following their careers and rise to fame as shown through the eyes of their leader, Moe Howard. This movie breaks away from the traditionally humorous Three Stooges format and has more of a serious undertone throughout. The film opens in 1959 with an aging Moe Howard running errands for his former agent Harry Romm on the studio lot at Columbia Pictures. A young television executive from Boston has traveled to L.A. to convince Moe and the Stooges to come back East and perform their act live in theatres and on television, but Moe is not interested. The film then flashes back to 1925, when comedian Ted Healy hires the Howard brothers for his vaudeville act. Healy offers to add Larry Fine to the act if he drops the fiddle playing from his routine. Healy pockets most of the money, which doesn't sit well with the others. The three men decide on a trademark of each having distinct hairstyles: Moe with a bowl cut, Larry with curly frizzy hair and Curly Howard (real name Jerome, also called \u201cBabe\u201d by his brothers) with a crew cut. (Shemp Howard would part his hair right down the middle.) 20th Century Fox produces \"Soup to Nuts\" with Healy and the Three Stooges, along with Shemp Howard and then offers Moe a seven year contract - without Ted. Healy interferes with the deal until Harry Cohn signs The Three Stooges to Columbia in 1934. Cohn sends the act to the short films department.", "The Curly Shuffle  \"The Curly Shuffle\" is a novelty song written by singer Peter Quinn as an homage to The Three Stooges film comedy team. It was initially recorded by Quinn's group Jump 'N the Saddle Band, and first released in late 1983. The timing of the recording nearly coincided with The Three Stooges receiving their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on August 30, 1983. This recording made #15 on the US \"Billboard\" charts in early 1984. In Canada, the song was simultaneously released by The Knuckleheads on Attic Records, while Jump 'N the Saddle's version was also available. The Knuckleheads' version was the hit in Canada, reaching #29 on the Canadian \"RPM\" charts. In Australia, both versions were issued, and both were minor chart hits. The song had the band's lead vocalist Peter Quinn mimicking many of Curly Howard's catch phrases. Issued independently in mid-1983, \"The Curly Shuffle\" was picked up by Atlantic Records in November, and was distinctive enough to climb to number 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in early 1984. The group never managed to produce another hit, issuing only one further single (\"It Should've Been Me\") before splitting up. A promotional video was made using clips from various Three Stooges short films. The video was regularly shown on the Diamond Vision screen of the New York Mets at Shea Stadium in the mid-1980s, and became part of the fan experience. Additionally, it was included as a bonus feature on one of the 1984 Stooges compilation videos released by RCA Columbia Pictures Home Video. Clips from the following Stooges shorts were used: \"An Ache in Every Stake\",", "Over half a century since their last short film was released, the Three Stooges remain popular with audiences. Their films have never left American television since first appearing in 1958, and they continue to delight old fans while attracting new admirers. They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes in their careers that would have permanently sidelined a less persistent act. The Stooges would not have lasted as long as they did as a unit without Moe Howard's guiding hand. The Ted Okuda and Edward Watz book The Columbia Comedy Shorts puts the Stooges' legacy in critical perspective:  Many scholarly studies of motion picture comedy have overlooked the Three Stooges entirely - and not without valid reasoning. Aesthetically, the Stooges violated every rule that constitutes \"good\" comedic style. Their characters lacked the emotional depth of Charlie Chaplin and Harry Langdon; they were never as witty or subtle as Buster Keaton. They were not disciplined enough to sustain lengthy comic sequences; far too often, they were willing to suspend what little narrative structure their pictures possessed in order to insert a number of gratuitous jokes. Nearly every premise they have employed (spoofs of westerns, horror films, costume melodramas) has been done to better effect by other comedians. And yet, in spite of the overwhelming artistic odds against them, they were responsible for some of the finest comedies ever made. Their humor was the most undistilled form of low comedy; they were not great innovators, but as quick laugh practitioners, they place second to none. If public taste is any criterion, the Stooges have been the reigning kings of comedy for over fifty years. Beginning in the 1980s, the Stooges finally began to receive critical recognition.", "Hello Pop! Hello Pop! is the third of five short films starring Ted Healy and His Stooges released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on September 16, 1933. A musical-comedy film, the film also featured the Albertina Rasch Dancers and Bonnie Bonnell ( Healy's girlfriend at the time). The film was considered lost until a 35mm nitrate print was discovered in Australia in January 2013. Stooges Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly Howard were billed as \"Howard, Fine and Howard.\" A theater producer (Healy) is trying to stage an elaborate musical revue. His efforts are constantly interrupted by demanding back stage personalities: a flaky musician (Henry Armetta), a woman who keeps try to ask him something (Bonnie Bonnell), and his raucous sons (the Stooges in children's costumes). He is able to get the show ready for presentation, but during the main number, the Three Stooges slip beneath the enormous hoopskirt costume worn by the leading vocalist. They emerge on stage during the performance, ruining the show. Originally planned under the title \"Back Stage\", \"Hello Pop! \" was the third of five short films made by MGM featuring the vaudeville act billed as \u201cTed Healy and His Stooges.\u201d The act focused primarily on Healy\u2019s wit and caustic commentary, with the Stooges receiving the brunt of the physical slapstick. For the MGM short films, actress Bonnie Bonnell was incorporated into the configuration as Healy\u2019s love interest. \"Hello Pop! \" was the second of two MGM Stooges shorts filmed in the two-color Technicolor process. (\"Nertsery Rhymes\", the act\u2019s first film for MGM, was also shot in color.)."], "answer": {"text": "The team appeared in 220 films, but it is the durability of the 190 short films the Stooges made at Columbia Pictures that acts as an enduring tribute", "answer_start": 478}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "answer": {"text": "They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of their work?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their Dvd title", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae0a6fa384504f09afb44f2cf7718518_1_q#4", "question": "Name some more of their films", "rewrite": "Name some more of The Three Stooges films", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["List of supporting actors in Three Stooges films This is a list of actors who have co-starred in films with The Three Stooges. Inclusion on this list should be reserved for notable actors that can be confirmed as taking supporting roles (either credited or uncredited) in films commonly regarded as having the Three Stooges as primary characters. Films where the Three Stooges appear as a guest or cameo appearance, or the actors who portray them appear outside the character of The Three Stooges should not be considered.", "Norman Maurer Norman Albert Maurer (May 13, 1926 \u2013 November 23, 1986) was a comic book artist and writer, and a director and producer of films and television shows. Maurer's lifelong association with the Three Stooges began about the time of his marriage to Joan Howard, the daughter of the comedy team's Moe Howard on June 29, 1947. In 1949, he produced two \"Three Stooges\" comic book issues for Jubilee, based on the short films the team was making for Columbia Pictures. In 1953, Maurer created the first 3-D comics, \"Three-Dimension Comics\" featuring \"Mighty Mouse\", with his brother, Leonard Maurer, and Joe Kubert. Two three-dimensional Stooge comics were also issued in 1953. He returned to the Stooges in comic form in 1972 with Gold Key Comics' \"The Little Stooges\", which ran for seven issues over the next two years. Maurer was associate producer of \"Space Master X-7\" (1958), in which his father-in-law, Moe, had a minor role, and is credited with the creation of the CineMagic process used in the 1960 film \"The Angry Red Planet\". He became the manager of the Three Stooges after Columbia terminated their employment in 1957 and has credits in most of their later feature films. He produced \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" (1960), and wrote the screen stories and produced \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\" (1963) and \"The Outlaws IS Coming!\" (1965), the last two of which he also directed. Maurer's son, Jeffrey Scott", "The Three Stooges (video game) The Three Stooges is a video game originally released by Cinemaware in 1987 for the Commodore Amiga personal computer, based on the comedy act of the same name. In the game, players control Stooges Moe, Larry and Curly in minigames based on classic Stooges films with the aim of raising enough money to save an orphanage. The game was later ported for different systems including the Apple IIGS, Commodore 64, NES and Game Boy Advance. A remake of the game was also released for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh. While the game has been praised as a faithful adaptation of the Stooges films, it has been criticized for repetitive gameplay and limited replay value. Game designer John Cutter designed the game as a kind of board game. The Three Stooges must rescue an old woman's orphanage by earning money in minigames based on various Three Stooges films. These include cracker-eating contests (based on the Stooges short \"Dutiful But Dumb\") and boxing matches (based on the short \"Punch Drunks\"). Players select minigames by timing a button press as a hand randomly points to various symbols representing in-game events, including non-interactive events that can raise or lower the Stooges' cash total. Each event takes up one in-game day; players have 30 in-game days to earn as much money as possible. The hand gradually speeds up from one day to the next, but can be slowed down by landing on a space that allows Moe to pummel Larry and Curly. The player must avoid mousetrap spaces, which injure the fingers on the hand; landing on four such spaces immediately ends the game, regardless of the number of days completed. Several different game endings are possible, depending on the amount of money the player has earned.", "Dudley Dickerson Dudley Dickerson (November 27, 1906September 23, 1968) was an American film actor. Born in Chickasha, Oklahoma, he appeared in nearly 160 films between 1932 and 1952, and is best remembered for his roles in several Three Stooges films. Given the era in which Dickerson performed, he was usually cast in stereotypical roles that were common in films of the time. His boundless energy can be seen in what are rather restrictive roles, and was a master at what has become known as \"scared reaction\" comedy. Dickerson also appeared in Soundies musical films with Dorothy Dandridge and Meade Lux Lewis. Modern viewers will remember Dickerson for his portrayals of startled cooks, quizzical orderlies, frightened porters, and apprehensive watchmen in such Three Stooges films as \"They Stooge to Conga\", \"A Gem of a Jam\", and \"Hold That Lion! \" In \"Hold that Lion,\" he played a lovable train conductor who memorably bugged out his eyes and shrieked, \"He'p, he'p, ah'm losin' mah mahnd!\" when a lion attacked him and ripped the seat of his pants while he was shining a pair of shoes. This gag had been used by Moe in a previous short, but Dickerson\u2019s portrayal of the scene was so funny that the crew (and Dickerson himself) could hardly contain their laughter as one can hear in the final release. Probably Dickerson's most memorable role was that of the hapless chef in the Stooges' \" A Plumbing We Will Go\", in which he uttered in bewilderment, \"This house has sho' gone crazy!\"", "Del Lord Delmar \"Del\" Lord (October 7, 1894March 23, 1970) was a Canadian film director and actor best known as a director of Three Stooges films. Delmer Lord was born in the small town of Grimsby, Ontario, Canada. Interested in the theatre, he traveled to New York City, then when fellow Canadian Mack Sennett offered him a job at his new Keystone Studios, Lord went on to work in Hollywood, California. There he played the driver of the Keystone Cops police van, appearing in many of the Kops' successful films. Given a chance to direct, Lord was responsible for a number of very successful comedies for Keystone and directed two feature films for Universal Pictures. However, the Great Depression devastated the film industry, and Sennett was forced to close his studio in 1933. Work was scarce and Lord had to take a job selling used cars until a friend at Columbia Pictures offered him work. From 1935 to 1945, Lord directed some of Columbia's fastest and funniest two-reelers and is credited with developing the unique comic style of the Three Stooges. In addition to more than three dozen Stooges films, on which he collaborated first with Jules White and then Hugh McCollum, over his career he directed or produced more than 200 motion pictures. Lord was promoted to feature films in 1944 (he was replaced as a Stooge director by Edward Bernds). Curiously, Lord's Columbia features are action melodramas rather than slapstick comedies. Lord worked briefly for Monogram Pictures in 1946, and returned to Columbia in 1948. In 1952 he directed Buster Keaton in an industrial featurette, \"A Paradise for Buster\". Del Lord can be seen in an episode of TV's \"This Is Your Life\", honoring Lord's old boss Mack Sennett."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "answer": {"text": "They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of their work?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their Dvd title", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The team appeared in 220 films, but it is the durability of the 190 short films the Stooges made at Columbia Pictures that acts as an enduring tribute", "answer_start": 478, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae0a6fa384504f09afb44f2cf7718518_1_q#5", "question": "What else was they legacy known for", "rewrite": "In addition to The Three Stooges, appearing in 220 films, what else was The Three Stooges legacy known for?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Norman Maurer Norman Albert Maurer (May 13, 1926 \u2013 November 23, 1986) was a comic book artist and writer, and a director and producer of films and television shows. Maurer's lifelong association with the Three Stooges began about the time of his marriage to Joan Howard, the daughter of the comedy team's Moe Howard on June 29, 1947. In 1949, he produced two \"Three Stooges\" comic book issues for Jubilee, based on the short films the team was making for Columbia Pictures. In 1953, Maurer created the first 3-D comics, \"Three-Dimension Comics\" featuring \"Mighty Mouse\", with his brother, Leonard Maurer, and Joe Kubert. Two three-dimensional Stooge comics were also issued in 1953. He returned to the Stooges in comic form in 1972 with Gold Key Comics' \"The Little Stooges\", which ran for seven issues over the next two years. Maurer was associate producer of \"Space Master X-7\" (1958), in which his father-in-law, Moe, had a minor role, and is credited with the creation of the CineMagic process used in the 1960 film \"The Angry Red Planet\". He became the manager of the Three Stooges after Columbia terminated their employment in 1957 and has credits in most of their later feature films. He produced \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" (1960), and wrote the screen stories and produced \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\" (1963) and \"The Outlaws IS Coming!\" (1965), the last two of which he also directed. Maurer's son, Jeffrey Scott", "The Three Stooges Scrapbook Three Stooges Scrapbook was an unaired 1960s television pilot starring The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly-Joe DeRita). In the opening title and Hollywood trade ads, the show's title is spelled without \"The,\" including a promotional photograph of the Stooges holding an oversized scrapbook. The pilot featured the slapstick trio getting evicted from a rooming house for cooking in their apartment, looking for a new place to live, finding refuge in the home of a mad inventor (played by Emil Sitka), and presenting an animated short called \"The Spain Mutiny\" that imagines the funnymen as part of Christopher Columbus\u2019 crew. \"Three Stooges Scrapbook\" was filmed in color and produced by Norman Maurer ( Moe Howard\u2019s son-in-law), who hoped to establish a weekly program for children\u2019s television. When no network wanted to pursue the project as a series, Maurer divided the pilot into two short films that were released to theaters in 1963. Maurer also reprinted the live action scenes in black-and-white and incorporated them into the 1962 feature film \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\". To date, the original pilot has never been released on home media. \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" is also the title of a 1982 book written by Stooge experts Jeff and Greg Lenburg and Joan Howard Maurer (Moe Howard's daughter and Norman Maurer's wife).", "The Three Stooges (video game) The Three Stooges is a video game originally released by Cinemaware in 1987 for the Commodore Amiga personal computer, based on the comedy act of the same name. In the game, players control Stooges Moe, Larry and Curly in minigames based on classic Stooges films with the aim of raising enough money to save an orphanage. The game was later ported for different systems including the Apple IIGS, Commodore 64, NES and Game Boy Advance. A remake of the game was also released for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh. While the game has been praised as a faithful adaptation of the Stooges films, it has been criticized for repetitive gameplay and limited replay value. Game designer John Cutter designed the game as a kind of board game. The Three Stooges must rescue an old woman's orphanage by earning money in minigames based on various Three Stooges films. These include cracker-eating contests (based on the Stooges short \"Dutiful But Dumb\") and boxing matches (based on the short \"Punch Drunks\"). Players select minigames by timing a button press as a hand randomly points to various symbols representing in-game events, including non-interactive events that can raise or lower the Stooges' cash total. Each event takes up one in-game day; players have 30 in-game days to earn as much money as possible. The hand gradually speeds up from one day to the next, but can be slowed down by landing on a space that allows Moe to pummel Larry and Curly. The player must avoid mousetrap spaces, which injure the fingers on the hand; landing on four such spaces immediately ends the game, regardless of the number of days completed. Several different game endings are possible, depending on the amount of money the player has earned.", "The Three Stooges in Orbit The Three Stooges In Orbit is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the fourth feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures and produced by Normandy Productions, \"The Three Stooges In Orbit\" was directed by long-time Stooge director Edward Bernds, whom Moe later cited as the team's finest director. The Stooges are TV actors who are trying to sell ideas for their animated television show \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\". Unfortunately, their producer does not like anything. He gives the boys ten days to come up with a gimmick or their show will be canceled. In the meantime the Stooges lose their accommodation when they are caught cooking in their room because Curly-Joe turned up the TV-disguised refrigerator way too loud which distracted the landlady. The only affordable accommodation that will allow cooking is found in an advertisement in a newspaper. The home belongs to Professor Danforth (Emil Sitka) and it resembles a castle. Professor Danforth is convinced that Martians will soon invade Earth. He persuades the boys to help him with his new military invention\u2014a land, air and sea vehicle (tank, helicopter, flying submarine). In return, Danforth will create a new \"electronic animation\" machine for the Stooges to use in their television show. The boys think the Professor a crank but accept his eccentricities along with his accommodation. No one, especially the FBI listens to the Professor's cries for help but the boys apprehend Danforth's butler who dresses like a monster to terrify the Professor.", "The Three Stooges (2000 film) The Three Stooges is an American biographical television film about the slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges directed by James Frawley. This television film was entirely shot in Sydney, Australia. It was broadcast on ABC on April 24, 2000. The film is a biography of the Three Stooges following their careers and rise to fame as shown through the eyes of their leader, Moe Howard. This movie breaks away from the traditionally humorous Three Stooges format and has more of a serious undertone throughout. The film opens in 1959 with an aging Moe Howard running errands for his former agent Harry Romm on the studio lot at Columbia Pictures. A young television executive from Boston has traveled to L.A. to convince Moe and the Stooges to come back East and perform their act live in theatres and on television, but Moe is not interested. The film then flashes back to 1925, when comedian Ted Healy hires the Howard brothers for his vaudeville act. Healy offers to add Larry Fine to the act if he drops the fiddle playing from his routine. Healy pockets most of the money, which doesn't sit well with the others. The three men decide on a trademark of each having distinct hairstyles: Moe with a bowl cut, Larry with curly frizzy hair and Curly Howard (real name Jerome, also called \u201cBabe\u201d by his brothers) with a crew cut. (Shemp Howard would part his hair right down the middle.) 20th Century Fox produces \"Soup to Nuts\" with Healy and the Three Stooges, along with Shemp Howard and then offers Moe a seven year contract - without Ted. Healy interferes with the deal until Harry Cohn signs The Three Stooges to Columbia in 1934. Cohn sends the act to the short films department."], "answer": {"text": "\"Although they never achieved widespread critical acclaim, they did succeed in accomplishing what they had always intended to do: they made people laugh.", "answer_start": 724}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "answer": {"text": "They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of their work?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their Dvd title", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The team appeared in 220 films, but it is the durability of the 190 short films the Stooges made at Columbia Pictures that acts as an enduring tribute", "answer_start": 478, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Name some more of their films", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_ae0a6fa384504f09afb44f2cf7718518_1_q#6", "question": "What else was they known for", "rewrite": "IN addition to The Three Stooges achieving widespread critical acclaim, what else was The Three Stooges known for?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Three Stooges Scrapbook Three Stooges Scrapbook was an unaired 1960s television pilot starring The Three Stooges (Moe Howard, Larry Fine and Curly-Joe DeRita). In the opening title and Hollywood trade ads, the show's title is spelled without \"The,\" including a promotional photograph of the Stooges holding an oversized scrapbook. The pilot featured the slapstick trio getting evicted from a rooming house for cooking in their apartment, looking for a new place to live, finding refuge in the home of a mad inventor (played by Emil Sitka), and presenting an animated short called \"The Spain Mutiny\" that imagines the funnymen as part of Christopher Columbus\u2019 crew. \"Three Stooges Scrapbook\" was filmed in color and produced by Norman Maurer ( Moe Howard\u2019s son-in-law), who hoped to establish a weekly program for children\u2019s television. When no network wanted to pursue the project as a series, Maurer divided the pilot into two short films that were released to theaters in 1963. Maurer also reprinted the live action scenes in black-and-white and incorporated them into the 1962 feature film \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\". To date, the original pilot has never been released on home media. \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" is also the title of a 1982 book written by Stooge experts Jeff and Greg Lenburg and Joan Howard Maurer (Moe Howard's daughter and Norman Maurer's wife).", "Some of the cartoons featured a recurring character named Badman, a jerky supervillain with a Batman get-up who is actually a 5-year-old boy that is nice and kind. The boy can only transform to Badman if he ever hears or says the word \"bad\", and for Badman, vice versa for \"good\". In the episode \"Badman of the Briny\", the two finally find out that they are the same person in several scenes. Another recurring character was a western outlaw named Getoutoftownbysundown Brown. To avoid any licensing problems, Cambria did not use any of the past Three Stooges theme songs, including \"Three Blind Mice\", or \"Listen to the Mockingbird\", even though both had lapsed into the public domain at the time (likewise, the on-screen title used a numeral 3 to avoid infringing on any trademark Columbia Pictures might have held on the phrase \"The Three Stooges\"). Several of the musical pieces used on the show were also used for the \"Bozo's Big Top\" series in the 1960s and early 1970s. This was actually not the first attempt at an animated version of \"The Three Stooges\", nor was it the last. During the late 1950s, Norman Maurer attempted to sell \"Stooge Time\", a partially live action, partially rotoscope animation half-hour series to television. In 1960, Maurer and the Stooges filmed a pilot for a half-hour series \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\", which featured a five-minute Stooge cartoon. The Three Stooges would later return to animated form in two episodes of \"The New Scooby-Doo Movies\" and in the series \"The Robonic Stooges\".", "Norman Maurer Norman Albert Maurer (May 13, 1926 \u2013 November 23, 1986) was a comic book artist and writer, and a director and producer of films and television shows. Maurer's lifelong association with the Three Stooges began about the time of his marriage to Joan Howard, the daughter of the comedy team's Moe Howard on June 29, 1947. In 1949, he produced two \"Three Stooges\" comic book issues for Jubilee, based on the short films the team was making for Columbia Pictures. In 1953, Maurer created the first 3-D comics, \"Three-Dimension Comics\" featuring \"Mighty Mouse\", with his brother, Leonard Maurer, and Joe Kubert. Two three-dimensional Stooge comics were also issued in 1953. He returned to the Stooges in comic form in 1972 with Gold Key Comics' \"The Little Stooges\", which ran for seven issues over the next two years. Maurer was associate producer of \"Space Master X-7\" (1958), in which his father-in-law, Moe, had a minor role, and is credited with the creation of the CineMagic process used in the 1960 film \"The Angry Red Planet\". He became the manager of the Three Stooges after Columbia terminated their employment in 1957 and has credits in most of their later feature films. He produced \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\" (1960), and wrote the screen stories and produced \"The Three Stooges Meet Hercules\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges in Orbit\" (1962), \"The Three Stooges Go Around the World in a Daze\" (1963) and \"The Outlaws IS Coming!\" (1965), the last two of which he also directed. Maurer's son, Jeffrey Scott", "The Three Stooges (2000 film) The Three Stooges is an American biographical television film about the slapstick comedy team The Three Stooges directed by James Frawley. This television film was entirely shot in Sydney, Australia. It was broadcast on ABC on April 24, 2000. The film is a biography of the Three Stooges following their careers and rise to fame as shown through the eyes of their leader, Moe Howard. This movie breaks away from the traditionally humorous Three Stooges format and has more of a serious undertone throughout. The film opens in 1959 with an aging Moe Howard running errands for his former agent Harry Romm on the studio lot at Columbia Pictures. A young television executive from Boston has traveled to L.A. to convince Moe and the Stooges to come back East and perform their act live in theatres and on television, but Moe is not interested. The film then flashes back to 1925, when comedian Ted Healy hires the Howard brothers for his vaudeville act. Healy offers to add Larry Fine to the act if he drops the fiddle playing from his routine. Healy pockets most of the money, which doesn't sit well with the others. The three men decide on a trademark of each having distinct hairstyles: Moe with a bowl cut, Larry with curly frizzy hair and Curly Howard (real name Jerome, also called \u201cBabe\u201d by his brothers) with a crew cut. (Shemp Howard would part his hair right down the middle.) 20th Century Fox produces \"Soup to Nuts\" with Healy and the Three Stooges, along with Shemp Howard and then offers Moe a seven year contract - without Ted. Healy interferes with the deal until Harry Cohn signs The Three Stooges to Columbia in 1934. Cohn sends the act to the short films department.", "The Three Stooges in Orbit The Three Stooges In Orbit is a 1962 comedy film directed by Edward Bernds. It is the fourth feature film to star the Three Stooges after their 1959 resurgence in popularity. By this time, the trio consisted of Moe Howard, Larry Fine, and Joe DeRita (dubbed \"Curly Joe\"). Released by Columbia Pictures and produced by Normandy Productions, \"The Three Stooges In Orbit\" was directed by long-time Stooge director Edward Bernds, whom Moe later cited as the team's finest director. The Stooges are TV actors who are trying to sell ideas for their animated television show \"The Three Stooges Scrapbook\". Unfortunately, their producer does not like anything. He gives the boys ten days to come up with a gimmick or their show will be canceled. In the meantime the Stooges lose their accommodation when they are caught cooking in their room because Curly-Joe turned up the TV-disguised refrigerator way too loud which distracted the landlady. The only affordable accommodation that will allow cooking is found in an advertisement in a newspaper. The home belongs to Professor Danforth (Emil Sitka) and it resembles a castle. Professor Danforth is convinced that Martians will soon invade Earth. He persuades the boys to help him with his new military invention\u2014a land, air and sea vehicle (tank, helicopter, flying submarine). In return, Danforth will create a new \"electronic animation\" machine for the Stooges to use in their television show. The boys think the Professor a crank but accept his eccentricities along with his accommodation. No one, especially the FBI listens to the Professor's cries for help but the boys apprehend Danforth's butler who dresses like a monster to terrify the Professor."], "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the group The Three Stooges?", "answer": {"text": "They were a hard-working group of comedians who were never the critics' darlings, a durable act who endured several personnel changes", "answer_start": 259, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was some of their work?", "answer": {"text": "NOTRECOVERED", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was one of their Dvd title", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The team appeared in 220 films, but it is the durability of the 190 short films the Stooges made at Columbia Pictures that acts as an enduring tribute", "answer_start": 478, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Name some more of their films", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else was they legacy known for", "answer": {"text": "\"Although they never achieved widespread critical acclaim, they did succeed in accomplishing what they had always intended to do: they made people laugh.", "answer_start": 724, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ef960d2250429e8283b4f30dd255e9_1_q#0", "question": "What is interesting about Assange's personal life?", "rewrite": "What is interesting about Assange's personal life?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Risk (2016 film) Risk is a 2016 American documentary film written and directed by Laura Poitras about the WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. On April 9, 2017, Showtime released a trailer for the film, executive produced by Sam Esmail and set to be released in the \"summer\". The film's original premise was to address the life of Julian Assange, documenting scenes showing \"motives and contradictions of Assange and his inner circle\", focusing on the risks taken by persons involved in the well-known Wikileaks website, the most notable risk being taken by Assange himself. The documentary begins in 2010, addressing Assange's worldwide persecution by the United States, and the extreme judicial measures he came to face on the part of the Swedish judicial authorities, which sought his extradition from the U.K. in 2012. Assange alleges that any such Swedish extradition would have culminated in an eventual extradition to the United States. The opening scene shows Assange (with Wikileaks staffer Sarah Harrison) calling the U.S. State Department, asking them to step-up security procedures, so as to make clear that the document-loss was not an intentional act of damage to the United States by Wikileaks/Assange. This segues into a presentation of Assange's angst about the fate of Chelsea Manning and Assange's plans to avoid U.S. capture. The film then presents documentation of Assange's asylum claim, and the disguising of himself to sneak into the Embassy of Ecuador in London for refuge.", "Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority  Assange v The Swedish Prosecution Authority were the set of legal proceedings in the United Kingdom concerning the requested extradition of Julian Assange to Sweden to further a 'preliminary investigation' into accusations of his having committed sexual offences. The proceedings began in 2012 and on 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that they would drop their investigation into three of the allegations against Assange, because of the expiration of the statute of limitations. The investigation into the allegation of rape, as of 19 May 2017, has been dropped by Swedish authorities. A disputed issue over the course of the legal proceedings was the claimed fear that Assange could ultimately be extradited to United States of America should he be sent to Sweden. In May 2019, Swedish prosecutors reopened the investigation against Assange. The prosecutors mentioned their intent to seek extradition of Assange from the United Kingdom after he has served his 50-week prison sentence for skipping bail. In June 2019 the Uppsala District Court denied a request to have Assange detained and thereby prevented Assange's extradition to Sweden. It said the Swedish investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden and the prosecutor said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. On 20 August 2010, two women, a 26-year-old living in Enk\u00f6ping and a 31-year-old living in Stockholm, reported to the Swedish police that Assange had engaged in unprotected sexual activity with them that violated the scope of their consent. The police told them that they could not simply tell Assange to take an STD test, but that their statements would be passed to a prosecutor. The next day, the case was transferred to Chefs\u00e5klagare (Chief Public Prosecutor) Eva Finn\u00e9.", "Most importantly to Daniel, Assange frequently claims that protecting sources is the website's number one goal. However, Daniel begins to suspect that Assange only cares about protecting sources so people will come forward and that Assange does not actually care who gets hurt by the website, though Assange claims that the harm the website may cause is outweighed by good the leaks create. Daniel's girlfriend tells him that she believes in his cause, but that it's his job to prevent Assange from going too far. The tensions come to a head when Bradley Manning (later known as Chelsea Manning) leaks hundreds of thousands of documents to WikiLeaks, including the \"Collateral Murder\" video of an airstrike in Baghdad, the Afghan and Iraq War Logs, and 250,000 US Diplomatic Cables. Assange wants to leak the documents immediately, but Daniel insists that they review the documents first. Later, several major newspapers agree to cooperate with WikiLeaks in releasing the documents while spinning WikiLeaks positively. However, both Daniel and the newspapers require the names in the documents be redacted both to protect sources and to assist in the media spin, to which Assange reluctantly agrees. Daniel realizes that Assange has no intention of following through on this promise and is grooming a right-hand man to replace Daniel. The newspapers release the redacted documents. The resulting media and public uproar forces informants to flee from their countries of residence and many U.S. diplomats to resign. Before Assange can go further, however, Daniel and the other members of the original WikiLeaks team delete the site and block Assange's access to the server. Daniel later talks with a reporter from \"The Guardian\", and the two fear that giving Assange such a large platform was a mistake.", "On 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that, as the statute of limitations for the less serious allegations had run out, and they had not succeeded in interviewing Assange, they would end part of their preliminary investigation. After 18 August 2015, Assange could no longer be charged for any of the three less serious charges. However, the preliminary investigation into the more serious allegation remained open as the statute of limitations for this charge was not expected to expire until 2020. Swedish authorities interviewed Assange on this allegation in November 2016. On 19 May 2017, the Swedish chief prosecutor applied to the Stockholm District Court to rescind the arrest warrant for Julian Assange, effectively ceasing their investigation against Julian Assange. The case may be reinstated until the expiration of the statute of limitations. Additionally, Britain's arrest warrant pertaining to bail violations remains open. In 2013, Sweden tried to drop Assange extradition but the English Crown Prosecution Service dissuaded them from doing so. In May 2019 Swedish Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions Eva-Marie Persson applied to have Assange detained as a prelude to the issue of a European arrest warrant and extradition to Sweden. The Uppsala District Court denied the request stating that the investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden. Persson said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. Assange presented himself to the Metropolitan Police on December 7, 2010, and was remanded to London's Wandsworth Prison. On 16 December, he was granted bail with bail conditions of residence at Ellingham Hall, Norfolk, and wearing of an electronic tag. Bail was set at \u00a3240,000 surety with a deposit of \u00a3200,000 ($312,700).", "Moreno further stated \"We never tried to expel Assange, as some political actors want everyone to believe. Given the constant violations of protocols and threats, political asylum became untenable. \" On 11 April 2019, Moreno described Assange as a \"bad mannered\" guest who physically assaulted embassy security guards. According to Amnesty International's Massimo Moratti, if extradited to the United States, Assange may face the \"risk of serious human rights violations, namely detention conditions, which could violate the prohibition of torture\". Widespread criticism from the news media and other public advocates ensued following Assange's arrest on Espionage charges. Multiple organizations and journalists criticized Assange's arrest as a journalist citing first amendment claims. Immediately following the arrest of Assange, the Eastern District of Virginia grand jury unsealed the indictment it had brought against him. According to the indictment, Assange was accused of conspiracy to commit computer intrusion in order to assist Chelsea Manning gaining access to privileged information which he intended to publish on WikiLeaks. This is a less serious charge than those leveled against Manning, and carries a maximum sentence of five years. Assange was arrested in April after being pushed out of the Ecuadorian Embassy in London, where he had been living since 2012, avoiding an international arrest warrant, was sentenced to 50 weeks in prison by a British judge on 1st May 2019. Judge Deborah Taylor said Assange's time in the embassy had cost British taxpayers the equivalent of nearly $21 million, and that he had sought asylum in a \"deliberate attempt to delay justice.\" Assange offered a written apology in court, claiming that his actions were a response to terrifying circumstances. He said he had been effectively imprisoned in the embassy; two doctors also provided medical evidence of the mental and physical effects of being confined."], "answer": {"text": "born in Townsville, Queensland, to Christine Ann Hawkins (b. 1951), a visual artist, and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder. The couple had separated before Assange was born.", "answer_start": 12}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_08ef960d2250429e8283b4f30dd255e9_1_q#1", "question": "Did he ever received formal education?", "rewrite": "Did Julian Assange ever received formal education?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin.", "The reporter tells Daniel that while Assange may be untrustworthy, he had done a good thing by uncovering secret dealing in the government and business world and attempting to protect sources. Daniel also reveals the real reason for Assange's hair colour\u2014that it had been a custom of the cult he had been part of in Australia\u2014and reports that he once accidentally discovered Assange dyeing it that colour. As the film ends, it is revealed that WikiLeaks is continuing to leak information (with Assange implied to have either regained the site or rebuilt it), and the Manning documents were released with no redactions. Daniel has written a book on his involvement with the organization on which this film was based, and Assange has threatened to sue in retaliation. Assange is shown to be living in the Ecuadorian embassy in London to avoid arrest on an outstanding warrant for alleged sex crimes. In an interview, he denounces the two upcoming WikiLeaks films, stating that they will be factually inaccurate (having been partly based on Daniel's book). He informs the viewer that individuals are what the government is afraid of and claims that hiring Daniel was the one mistake he made. It was reported in March 2011 that Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks Studios had acquired the rights of Domscheit-Berg's book \"Inside WikiLeaks: My Time with Julian Assange and the World's Most Dangerous Website\", as well as \"WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy\" by British journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding. Spielberg was quick to clarify that he is not involved in any way in the adaptation even though his DreamWorks company would produce the film. In July 2012, reports surfaced that Jeremy Renner was in talks of playing Julian Assange, and Bill Condon was in negotiations to direct.", "The United Kingdom, a member of Council of Europe, is committed to respecting Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights which provides the right to freedom of expression and information. This is why, several politicians and associations consider that the arrest of the whistleblower constitutes an attack on the freedom of expression and international law. The chairman of the Group of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left, Tiny Kox, asked to Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Dunja Mijatovic, whether the arrest of Julian Assange and possible extradition to the US are in line with the criteria of European Convention on Human Rights, because Julian Assange can benefit from the protection of the right to freedom of expression and information. Eva Joly, magistrate and MEP, states that \"the arrest of Julian Assange is an attack on freedom of expression, international law and right to asylum\". Sevim Dagdelen, German Bundestag MP, specialized in international law and press law, describes Assange's arrest as \"an attack on independent journalism\" and says he \"is today seriously endangered\". Dick Marty, a former Attorney General of Ticino and rapporteur on the CIA's secret prisons for the Council of Europe, considers the arrest of whistleblowers \"very shocking\". Christophe Deloire, Secretary General of Reporters Without Borders, believes that \"targeting Assange [...] would be a strictly punitive measure and would constitute a dangerous precedent for journalists, their sources and whistle-blowers\". British Veterans for Peace UK call British government to \"respect the rights of journalists and whistle-blowers and refuse to extradite Julian Assange to the US\" and expresses concern \"that journalism and whistleblowing is being criminalised by the US and actively supported by British authorities\".", "Since then, representatives of the Australian Federal Government and the major opposition including Craig Emerson the Minister for Trade have come out in support of WikiLeaks and against some violent rhetoric directed against them, stating; \"We condemn absolutely the threats that have been made by some people in the United States against Julian Assange.\" President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva expressed his \"solidarity\" with Julian Assange following Assange's 2010 arrest in the United Kingdom. Lula went on to state \u2013 in reference to WikiLeaks disclosure of classified US diplomatic cables in November and December 2010 \u2013 WikiLeaks had \"exposed a diplomacy that had appeared unreachable.\" He further criticised the arrest of Julian Assange as \"an attack on freedom of expression\". The WikiLeaks website claims that the government of the People's Republic of China has attempted to block all traffic to websites with \"wikileaks\" in the URL since 2007, but that this can be bypassed by encrypted connections or by using one of WikiLeaks' many covert URLs. In late November 2010, a representative of the government of Ecuador made what was, apparently, an unsolicited public offer to Julian Assange to establish residency in Ecuador. Deputy Foreign Minister Kinto Lucas stated \"we are going to invite him to come to Ecuador so he can freely present the information he possesses and all the documentation, not just on the Internet, but in various public forums.\" Lucas went on to state his praise for WikiLeaks and Assange calling them \"[people] who are constantly investigating and trying to get light out of the dark corners of [state] information.\" The following day, however, president Rafael Correa distanced his administration from the offer stating that Lucas had been speaking for himself and not on the government's behalf.", "World Tomorrow World Tomorrow, or The Julian Assange Show, is a 2012 television program series of 26-minute political interviews hosted by WikiLeaks founder and editor Julian Assange. Twelve episodes were shot prior to the program's premiere. It first aired on 17 April 2012, the 500th day of the \"financial blockade\" of WikiLeaks, on Russia's state sponsored RT. The show is produced by Quick Roll Productions, which was established by Julian Assange with the assistance of Dartmouth Films. It is distributed by Journeyman Pictures and broadcast internationally in English, Arabic, and Spanish by RT and Italian newspaper \"L'espresso\", who both make the program available online. The theme for the show was composed by M.I.A.. Assange stated that it had not been possible to interview Ai Weiwei or Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of RT, told the daily \"Moskovskii Komsomolets\" that Assange will resume making shows and allowing them to be broadcast on Russian television once his legal troubles are over. In his \"The New York Times\" blog, Robert Mackey called RT \"a strange partner\" for Assange while Robert Colvile inveighed Assange's show by writing, \"After Wikileaks \u2013 and its mission to change the world \u2013 collapsed under the weight of its leader\u2019s ego, Assange started hosting a TV show sponsored by that noted friend of freedom, Vladimir Putin.\" In an article for \"The Guardian\", Luke Harding described the show as proof that Assange was a \"useful idiot\"."], "answer": {"text": "He attended many schools, including Goolmangar Primary School in New South Wales (1979-1983) and Townsville State High School, as well as being schooled at home.", "answer_start": 722}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is interesting about Assange's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "born in Townsville, Queensland, to Christine Ann Hawkins (b. 1951), a visual artist, and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder. The couple had separated before Assange was born.", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ef960d2250429e8283b4f30dd255e9_1_q#2", "question": "Did he go to college?", "rewrite": "Did Julian Assange go to college?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["World Tomorrow World Tomorrow, or The Julian Assange Show, is a 2012 television program series of 26-minute political interviews hosted by WikiLeaks founder and editor Julian Assange. Twelve episodes were shot prior to the program's premiere. It first aired on 17 April 2012, the 500th day of the \"financial blockade\" of WikiLeaks, on Russia's state sponsored RT. The show is produced by Quick Roll Productions, which was established by Julian Assange with the assistance of Dartmouth Films. It is distributed by Journeyman Pictures and broadcast internationally in English, Arabic, and Spanish by RT and Italian newspaper \"L'espresso\", who both make the program available online. The theme for the show was composed by M.I.A.. Assange stated that it had not been possible to interview Ai Weiwei or Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of RT, told the daily \"Moskovskii Komsomolets\" that Assange will resume making shows and allowing them to be broadcast on Russian television once his legal troubles are over. In his \"The New York Times\" blog, Robert Mackey called RT \"a strange partner\" for Assange while Robert Colvile inveighed Assange's show by writing, \"After Wikileaks \u2013 and its mission to change the world \u2013 collapsed under the weight of its leader\u2019s ego, Assange started hosting a TV show sponsored by that noted friend of freedom, Vladimir Putin.\" In an article for \"The Guardian\", Luke Harding described the show as proof that Assange was a \"useful idiot\".", "The reporter tells Daniel that while Assange may be untrustworthy, he had done a good thing by uncovering secret dealing in the government and business world and attempting to protect sources. Daniel also reveals the real reason for Assange's hair colour\u2014that it had been a custom of the cult he had been part of in Australia\u2014and reports that he once accidentally discovered Assange dyeing it that colour. As the film ends, it is revealed that WikiLeaks is continuing to leak information (with Assange implied to have either regained the site or rebuilt it), and the Manning documents were released with no redactions. Daniel has written a book on his involvement with the organization on which this film was based, and Assange has threatened to sue in retaliation. Assange is shown to be living in the Ecuadorian embassy in London to avoid arrest on an outstanding warrant for alleged sex crimes. In an interview, he denounces the two upcoming WikiLeaks films, stating that they will be factually inaccurate (having been partly based on Daniel's book). He informs the viewer that individuals are what the government is afraid of and claims that hiring Daniel was the one mistake he made. It was reported in March 2011 that Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks Studios had acquired the rights of Domscheit-Berg's book \"Inside WikiLeaks: My Time with Julian Assange and the World's Most Dangerous Website\", as well as \"WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy\" by British journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding. Spielberg was quick to clarify that he is not involved in any way in the adaptation even though his DreamWorks company would produce the film. In July 2012, reports surfaced that Jeremy Renner was in talks of playing Julian Assange, and Bill Condon was in negotiations to direct.", "Since then, representatives of the Australian Federal Government and the major opposition including Craig Emerson the Minister for Trade have come out in support of WikiLeaks and against some violent rhetoric directed against them, stating; \"We condemn absolutely the threats that have been made by some people in the United States against Julian Assange.\" President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva expressed his \"solidarity\" with Julian Assange following Assange's 2010 arrest in the United Kingdom. Lula went on to state \u2013 in reference to WikiLeaks disclosure of classified US diplomatic cables in November and December 2010 \u2013 WikiLeaks had \"exposed a diplomacy that had appeared unreachable.\" He further criticised the arrest of Julian Assange as \"an attack on freedom of expression\". The WikiLeaks website claims that the government of the People's Republic of China has attempted to block all traffic to websites with \"wikileaks\" in the URL since 2007, but that this can be bypassed by encrypted connections or by using one of WikiLeaks' many covert URLs. In late November 2010, a representative of the government of Ecuador made what was, apparently, an unsolicited public offer to Julian Assange to establish residency in Ecuador. Deputy Foreign Minister Kinto Lucas stated \"we are going to invite him to come to Ecuador so he can freely present the information he possesses and all the documentation, not just on the Internet, but in various public forums.\" Lucas went on to state his praise for WikiLeaks and Assange calling them \"[people] who are constantly investigating and trying to get light out of the dark corners of [state] information.\" The following day, however, president Rafael Correa distanced his administration from the offer stating that Lucas had been speaking for himself and not on the government's behalf.", "The United Kingdom, a member of Council of Europe, is committed to respecting Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights which provides the right to freedom of expression and information. This is why, several politicians and associations consider that the arrest of the whistleblower constitutes an attack on the freedom of expression and international law. The chairman of the Group of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left, Tiny Kox, asked to Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Dunja Mijatovic, whether the arrest of Julian Assange and possible extradition to the US are in line with the criteria of European Convention on Human Rights, because Julian Assange can benefit from the protection of the right to freedom of expression and information. Eva Joly, magistrate and MEP, states that \"the arrest of Julian Assange is an attack on freedom of expression, international law and right to asylum\". Sevim Dagdelen, German Bundestag MP, specialized in international law and press law, describes Assange's arrest as \"an attack on independent journalism\" and says he \"is today seriously endangered\". Dick Marty, a former Attorney General of Ticino and rapporteur on the CIA's secret prisons for the Council of Europe, considers the arrest of whistleblowers \"very shocking\". Christophe Deloire, Secretary General of Reporters Without Borders, believes that \"targeting Assange [...] would be a strictly punitive measure and would constitute a dangerous precedent for journalists, their sources and whistle-blowers\". British Veterans for Peace UK call British government to \"respect the rights of journalists and whistle-blowers and refuse to extradite Julian Assange to the US\" and expresses concern \"that journalism and whistleblowing is being criminalised by the US and actively supported by British authorities\".", "Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin."], "answer": {"text": "He studied programming, mathematics, and physics at Central Queensland University (1994) and the University of Melbourne (2003-2006), but did not complete a degree.", "answer_start": 884}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is interesting about Assange's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "born in Townsville, Queensland, to Christine Ann Hawkins (b. 1951), a visual artist, and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder. The couple had separated before Assange was born.", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever received formal education?", "answer": {"text": "He attended many schools, including Goolmangar Primary School in New South Wales (1979-1983) and Townsville State High School, as well as being schooled at home.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ef960d2250429e8283b4f30dd255e9_1_q#3", "question": "What did he do after college, why didnt he get the degree?", "rewrite": "What did Julian Assange do after college, why didnt he get the degree?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Since then, representatives of the Australian Federal Government and the major opposition including Craig Emerson the Minister for Trade have come out in support of WikiLeaks and against some violent rhetoric directed against them, stating; \"We condemn absolutely the threats that have been made by some people in the United States against Julian Assange.\" President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva expressed his \"solidarity\" with Julian Assange following Assange's 2010 arrest in the United Kingdom. Lula went on to state \u2013 in reference to WikiLeaks disclosure of classified US diplomatic cables in November and December 2010 \u2013 WikiLeaks had \"exposed a diplomacy that had appeared unreachable.\" He further criticised the arrest of Julian Assange as \"an attack on freedom of expression\". The WikiLeaks website claims that the government of the People's Republic of China has attempted to block all traffic to websites with \"wikileaks\" in the URL since 2007, but that this can be bypassed by encrypted connections or by using one of WikiLeaks' many covert URLs. In late November 2010, a representative of the government of Ecuador made what was, apparently, an unsolicited public offer to Julian Assange to establish residency in Ecuador. Deputy Foreign Minister Kinto Lucas stated \"we are going to invite him to come to Ecuador so he can freely present the information he possesses and all the documentation, not just on the Internet, but in various public forums.\" Lucas went on to state his praise for WikiLeaks and Assange calling them \"[people] who are constantly investigating and trying to get light out of the dark corners of [state] information.\" The following day, however, president Rafael Correa distanced his administration from the offer stating that Lucas had been speaking for himself and not on the government's behalf.", "The United Kingdom, a member of Council of Europe, is committed to respecting Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights which provides the right to freedom of expression and information. This is why, several politicians and associations consider that the arrest of the whistleblower constitutes an attack on the freedom of expression and international law. The chairman of the Group of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left, Tiny Kox, asked to Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Dunja Mijatovic, whether the arrest of Julian Assange and possible extradition to the US are in line with the criteria of European Convention on Human Rights, because Julian Assange can benefit from the protection of the right to freedom of expression and information. Eva Joly, magistrate and MEP, states that \"the arrest of Julian Assange is an attack on freedom of expression, international law and right to asylum\". Sevim Dagdelen, German Bundestag MP, specialized in international law and press law, describes Assange's arrest as \"an attack on independent journalism\" and says he \"is today seriously endangered\". Dick Marty, a former Attorney General of Ticino and rapporteur on the CIA's secret prisons for the Council of Europe, considers the arrest of whistleblowers \"very shocking\". Christophe Deloire, Secretary General of Reporters Without Borders, believes that \"targeting Assange [...] would be a strictly punitive measure and would constitute a dangerous precedent for journalists, their sources and whistle-blowers\". British Veterans for Peace UK call British government to \"respect the rights of journalists and whistle-blowers and refuse to extradite Julian Assange to the US\" and expresses concern \"that journalism and whistleblowing is being criminalised by the US and actively supported by British authorities\".", "Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin.", "The reporter tells Daniel that while Assange may be untrustworthy, he had done a good thing by uncovering secret dealing in the government and business world and attempting to protect sources. Daniel also reveals the real reason for Assange's hair colour\u2014that it had been a custom of the cult he had been part of in Australia\u2014and reports that he once accidentally discovered Assange dyeing it that colour. As the film ends, it is revealed that WikiLeaks is continuing to leak information (with Assange implied to have either regained the site or rebuilt it), and the Manning documents were released with no redactions. Daniel has written a book on his involvement with the organization on which this film was based, and Assange has threatened to sue in retaliation. Assange is shown to be living in the Ecuadorian embassy in London to avoid arrest on an outstanding warrant for alleged sex crimes. In an interview, he denounces the two upcoming WikiLeaks films, stating that they will be factually inaccurate (having been partly based on Daniel's book). He informs the viewer that individuals are what the government is afraid of and claims that hiring Daniel was the one mistake he made. It was reported in March 2011 that Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks Studios had acquired the rights of Domscheit-Berg's book \"Inside WikiLeaks: My Time with Julian Assange and the World's Most Dangerous Website\", as well as \"WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy\" by British journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding. Spielberg was quick to clarify that he is not involved in any way in the adaptation even though his DreamWorks company would produce the film. In July 2012, reports surfaced that Jeremy Renner was in talks of playing Julian Assange, and Bill Condon was in negotiations to direct.", "World Tomorrow World Tomorrow, or The Julian Assange Show, is a 2012 television program series of 26-minute political interviews hosted by WikiLeaks founder and editor Julian Assange. Twelve episodes were shot prior to the program's premiere. It first aired on 17 April 2012, the 500th day of the \"financial blockade\" of WikiLeaks, on Russia's state sponsored RT. The show is produced by Quick Roll Productions, which was established by Julian Assange with the assistance of Dartmouth Films. It is distributed by Journeyman Pictures and broadcast internationally in English, Arabic, and Spanish by RT and Italian newspaper \"L'espresso\", who both make the program available online. The theme for the show was composed by M.I.A.. Assange stated that it had not been possible to interview Ai Weiwei or Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of RT, told the daily \"Moskovskii Komsomolets\" that Assange will resume making shows and allowing them to be broadcast on Russian television once his legal troubles are over. In his \"The New York Times\" blog, Robert Mackey called RT \"a strange partner\" for Assange while Robert Colvile inveighed Assange's show by writing, \"After Wikileaks \u2013 and its mission to change the world \u2013 collapsed under the weight of its leader\u2019s ego, Assange started hosting a TV show sponsored by that noted friend of freedom, Vladimir Putin.\" In an article for \"The Guardian\", Luke Harding described the show as proof that Assange was a \"useful idiot\"."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is interesting about Assange's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "born in Townsville, Queensland, to Christine Ann Hawkins (b. 1951), a visual artist, and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder. The couple had separated before Assange was born.", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever received formal education?", "answer": {"text": "He attended many schools, including Goolmangar Primary School in New South Wales (1979-1983) and Townsville State High School, as well as being schooled at home.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "He studied programming, mathematics, and physics at Central Queensland University (1994) and the University of Melbourne (2003-2006), but did not complete a degree.", "answer_start": 884, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ef960d2250429e8283b4f30dd255e9_1_q#4", "question": "Did Assange get married?", "rewrite": "Did Assange get married?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Risk (2016 film) Risk is a 2016 American documentary film written and directed by Laura Poitras about the WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival. On April 9, 2017, Showtime released a trailer for the film, executive produced by Sam Esmail and set to be released in the \"summer\". The film's original premise was to address the life of Julian Assange, documenting scenes showing \"motives and contradictions of Assange and his inner circle\", focusing on the risks taken by persons involved in the well-known Wikileaks website, the most notable risk being taken by Assange himself. The documentary begins in 2010, addressing Assange's worldwide persecution by the United States, and the extreme judicial measures he came to face on the part of the Swedish judicial authorities, which sought his extradition from the U.K. in 2012. Assange alleges that any such Swedish extradition would have culminated in an eventual extradition to the United States. The opening scene shows Assange (with Wikileaks staffer Sarah Harrison) calling the U.S. State Department, asking them to step-up security procedures, so as to make clear that the document-loss was not an intentional act of damage to the United States by Wikileaks/Assange. This segues into a presentation of Assange's angst about the fate of Chelsea Manning and Assange's plans to avoid U.S. capture. The film then presents documentation of Assange's asylum claim, and the disguising of himself to sneak into the Embassy of Ecuador in London for refuge.", "Assange was born in Townsville, Queensland, to Christine Ann Hawkins (b. 1951), a visual artist, and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder. The couple had separated before Assange was born. When he was a year old, his mother married Richard Brett Assange, an actor, with whom she ran a small theatre company. They divorced around 1979. Christine Assange then became involved with Leif Meynell, also known as Leif Hamilton, a member of Australian cult The Family, with whom she had a son before the couple broke up in 1982. Assange had a nomadic childhood, and had lived in over thirty Australian towns by the time he reached his mid-teens, when he settled with his mother and half-brother in Melbourne, Victoria. He attended many schools, including Goolmangar Primary School in New South Wales (1979-1983) and Townsville State High School, as well as being schooled at home. He studied programming, mathematics, and physics at Central Queensland University (1994) and the University of Melbourne (2003-2006), but did not complete a degree. While in his teens, Assange married a woman named Teresa, and in 1989 they had a son, Daniel Assange, now a software designer. The couple separated and initially disputed custody of their child. Assange was Daniel's primary caregiver for much of his childhood. In an open letter to French President Francois Hollande, Assange stated his youngest child lives in France with his mother. He also said that his family had faced death threats and harassment because of his work, forcing them to change identities and reduce contact with him.", "Assange v Swedish Prosecution Authority  Assange v The Swedish Prosecution Authority were the set of legal proceedings in the United Kingdom concerning the requested extradition of Julian Assange to Sweden to further a 'preliminary investigation' into accusations of his having committed sexual offences. The proceedings began in 2012 and on 12 August 2015, Swedish prosecutors announced that they would drop their investigation into three of the allegations against Assange, because of the expiration of the statute of limitations. The investigation into the allegation of rape, as of 19 May 2017, has been dropped by Swedish authorities. A disputed issue over the course of the legal proceedings was the claimed fear that Assange could ultimately be extradited to United States of America should he be sent to Sweden. In May 2019, Swedish prosecutors reopened the investigation against Assange. The prosecutors mentioned their intent to seek extradition of Assange from the United Kingdom after he has served his 50-week prison sentence for skipping bail. In June 2019 the Uppsala District Court denied a request to have Assange detained and thereby prevented Assange's extradition to Sweden. It said the Swedish investigation did not require Assange's presence in Sweden and the prosecutor said she intended issuing a European Investigation Order to interview Assange instead. On 20 August 2010, two women, a 26-year-old living in Enk\u00f6ping and a 31-year-old living in Stockholm, reported to the Swedish police that Assange had engaged in unprotected sexual activity with them that violated the scope of their consent. The police told them that they could not simply tell Assange to take an STD test, but that their statements would be passed to a prosecutor. The next day, the case was transferred to Chefs\u00e5klagare (Chief Public Prosecutor) Eva Finn\u00e9.", "In answer to questions surrounding the incidents, the following day, Finn\u00e9 declared, \"I don't think there is reason to suspect that he has committed rape\". However, Karin Rosander from the Swedish Prosecution Authority, said Assange remained suspected of molestation. Police gave no further comment at the time, but continued the investigation. After learning of the investigation, Assange said, \"The charges are without basis and their issue at this moment is deeply disturbing\". The preliminary investigation concerning suspected rape was discontinued by Finn\u00e9 on 25 August, but two days later Claes Borgstr\u00f6m, the attorney representing the two women, requested a review of the prosecutor's decision to terminate part of the investigation. On 30 August, Assange was questioned by the Stockholm police regarding the allegations of sexual molestation. He denied the allegations, saying he had consensual sexual encounters with the two women. On 1 September 2010, \u00d6ver\u00e5klagare (Director of Public Prosecution) Marianne Ny decided to resume the preliminary investigation concerning all of the original allegations. On 18 August 2010, Assange had applied for a work and residence permit in Sweden. On 18 October 2010, his request was denied. He left Sweden on 27 September 2010. Assange's London lawyer Mark Stephens said that Assange had asked to be interviewed by prosecutors before leaving Sweden but was told he could leave the country without being interviewed. Swedish prosecutors said that on the day Assange left Sweden they had informed Assange's Swedish lawyer Bj\u00f6rn Hurtig that an arrest warrant would be issued for Assange. On 18 November 2010, Marianne Ny ordered the detention of Julian Assange on suspicion of rape, three cases of sexual molestation and unlawful coercion. The Stockholm District Court acceded to the order and issued a European Arrest Warrant to execute it.", "Most importantly to Daniel, Assange frequently claims that protecting sources is the website's number one goal. However, Daniel begins to suspect that Assange only cares about protecting sources so people will come forward and that Assange does not actually care who gets hurt by the website, though Assange claims that the harm the website may cause is outweighed by good the leaks create. Daniel's girlfriend tells him that she believes in his cause, but that it's his job to prevent Assange from going too far. The tensions come to a head when Bradley Manning (later known as Chelsea Manning) leaks hundreds of thousands of documents to WikiLeaks, including the \"Collateral Murder\" video of an airstrike in Baghdad, the Afghan and Iraq War Logs, and 250,000 US Diplomatic Cables. Assange wants to leak the documents immediately, but Daniel insists that they review the documents first. Later, several major newspapers agree to cooperate with WikiLeaks in releasing the documents while spinning WikiLeaks positively. However, both Daniel and the newspapers require the names in the documents be redacted both to protect sources and to assist in the media spin, to which Assange reluctantly agrees. Daniel realizes that Assange has no intention of following through on this promise and is grooming a right-hand man to replace Daniel. The newspapers release the redacted documents. The resulting media and public uproar forces informants to flee from their countries of residence and many U.S. diplomats to resign. Before Assange can go further, however, Daniel and the other members of the original WikiLeaks team delete the site and block Assange's access to the server. Daniel later talks with a reporter from \"The Guardian\", and the two fear that giving Assange such a large platform was a mistake."], "answer": {"text": "While in his teens, Assange married a woman named Teresa, and in 1989 they had a son, Daniel Assange, now a software designer.", "answer_start": 1049}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is interesting about Assange's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "born in Townsville, Queensland, to Christine Ann Hawkins (b. 1951), a visual artist, and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder. The couple had separated before Assange was born.", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever received formal education?", "answer": {"text": "He attended many schools, including Goolmangar Primary School in New South Wales (1979-1983) and Townsville State High School, as well as being schooled at home.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "He studied programming, mathematics, and physics at Central Queensland University (1994) and the University of Melbourne (2003-2006), but did not complete a degree.", "answer_start": 884, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after college, why didnt he get the degree?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_08ef960d2250429e8283b4f30dd255e9_1_q#5", "question": "What happened after 1989?", "rewrite": "What happened to Julian Assange after 1989?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Since then, representatives of the Australian Federal Government and the major opposition including Craig Emerson the Minister for Trade have come out in support of WikiLeaks and against some violent rhetoric directed against them, stating; \"We condemn absolutely the threats that have been made by some people in the United States against Julian Assange.\" President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva expressed his \"solidarity\" with Julian Assange following Assange's 2010 arrest in the United Kingdom. Lula went on to state \u2013 in reference to WikiLeaks disclosure of classified US diplomatic cables in November and December 2010 \u2013 WikiLeaks had \"exposed a diplomacy that had appeared unreachable.\" He further criticised the arrest of Julian Assange as \"an attack on freedom of expression\". The WikiLeaks website claims that the government of the People's Republic of China has attempted to block all traffic to websites with \"wikileaks\" in the URL since 2007, but that this can be bypassed by encrypted connections or by using one of WikiLeaks' many covert URLs. In late November 2010, a representative of the government of Ecuador made what was, apparently, an unsolicited public offer to Julian Assange to establish residency in Ecuador. Deputy Foreign Minister Kinto Lucas stated \"we are going to invite him to come to Ecuador so he can freely present the information he possesses and all the documentation, not just on the Internet, but in various public forums.\" Lucas went on to state his praise for WikiLeaks and Assange calling them \"[people] who are constantly investigating and trying to get light out of the dark corners of [state] information.\" The following day, however, president Rafael Correa distanced his administration from the offer stating that Lucas had been speaking for himself and not on the government's behalf.", "Underground: The Julian Assange Story Underground: The Julian Assange Story is an Australian television film produced for Network Ten. It premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and aired on Network Ten on 7 October 2012. The film draws its title from \"Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier\", a 1997 book by Suelette Dreyfus, researched by Julian Assange, but the film bears little relation to the book itself, which catalogues the exploits of a group of Australian, American, and British hackers during the 1980s and early 1990s, among them Assange himself. The film was not approved by Julian Assange, Wikileaks or any other member of the Assange family and there was no collaboration with the Assanges or Wikileaks during the making of the film. However Julian Assange subsequently had \"a very favourable response to the movie\". Filmed in and around Melbourne, the film was written and directed by Robert Connolly and produced by Matchbox Pictures' Helen Bowden, with Tony Ayres and Rick Maier serving as Executive Producers. In 1989, known as 'Mendax', Assange and two friends formed a group called the 'International Subversives'. Using early home computers and defining themselves as 'white hat hackers' \u2013 those who look but don't steal \u2013 they broke into some of the world's most powerful and secretive organisations. They were young, brilliant, and in the eyes of the US Government, a major threat to national security. At the urging of the FBI, the Australian Federal Police set up a special taskforce to catch them. But at a time when most Australian police had never seen a computer, let alone used one, they had to figure out just where to begin.", "World Tomorrow World Tomorrow, or The Julian Assange Show, is a 2012 television program series of 26-minute political interviews hosted by WikiLeaks founder and editor Julian Assange. Twelve episodes were shot prior to the program's premiere. It first aired on 17 April 2012, the 500th day of the \"financial blockade\" of WikiLeaks, on Russia's state sponsored RT. The show is produced by Quick Roll Productions, which was established by Julian Assange with the assistance of Dartmouth Films. It is distributed by Journeyman Pictures and broadcast internationally in English, Arabic, and Spanish by RT and Italian newspaper \"L'espresso\", who both make the program available online. The theme for the show was composed by M.I.A.. Assange stated that it had not been possible to interview Ai Weiwei or Mikhail Khodorkovsky. Margarita Simonyan, editor-in-chief of RT, told the daily \"Moskovskii Komsomolets\" that Assange will resume making shows and allowing them to be broadcast on Russian television once his legal troubles are over. In his \"The New York Times\" blog, Robert Mackey called RT \"a strange partner\" for Assange while Robert Colvile inveighed Assange's show by writing, \"After Wikileaks \u2013 and its mission to change the world \u2013 collapsed under the weight of its leader\u2019s ego, Assange started hosting a TV show sponsored by that noted friend of freedom, Vladimir Putin.\" In an article for \"The Guardian\", Luke Harding described the show as proof that Assange was a \"useful idiot\".", "The United Kingdom, a member of Council of Europe, is committed to respecting Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights which provides the right to freedom of expression and information. This is why, several politicians and associations consider that the arrest of the whistleblower constitutes an attack on the freedom of expression and international law. The chairman of the Group of the European United Left\u2013Nordic Green Left, Tiny Kox, asked to Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Dunja Mijatovic, whether the arrest of Julian Assange and possible extradition to the US are in line with the criteria of European Convention on Human Rights, because Julian Assange can benefit from the protection of the right to freedom of expression and information. Eva Joly, magistrate and MEP, states that \"the arrest of Julian Assange is an attack on freedom of expression, international law and right to asylum\". Sevim Dagdelen, German Bundestag MP, specialized in international law and press law, describes Assange's arrest as \"an attack on independent journalism\" and says he \"is today seriously endangered\". Dick Marty, a former Attorney General of Ticino and rapporteur on the CIA's secret prisons for the Council of Europe, considers the arrest of whistleblowers \"very shocking\". Christophe Deloire, Secretary General of Reporters Without Borders, believes that \"targeting Assange [...] would be a strictly punitive measure and would constitute a dangerous precedent for journalists, their sources and whistle-blowers\". British Veterans for Peace UK call British government to \"respect the rights of journalists and whistle-blowers and refuse to extradite Julian Assange to the US\" and expresses concern \"that journalism and whistleblowing is being criminalised by the US and actively supported by British authorities\".", "The reporter tells Daniel that while Assange may be untrustworthy, he had done a good thing by uncovering secret dealing in the government and business world and attempting to protect sources. Daniel also reveals the real reason for Assange's hair colour\u2014that it had been a custom of the cult he had been part of in Australia\u2014and reports that he once accidentally discovered Assange dyeing it that colour. As the film ends, it is revealed that WikiLeaks is continuing to leak information (with Assange implied to have either regained the site or rebuilt it), and the Manning documents were released with no redactions. Daniel has written a book on his involvement with the organization on which this film was based, and Assange has threatened to sue in retaliation. Assange is shown to be living in the Ecuadorian embassy in London to avoid arrest on an outstanding warrant for alleged sex crimes. In an interview, he denounces the two upcoming WikiLeaks films, stating that they will be factually inaccurate (having been partly based on Daniel's book). He informs the viewer that individuals are what the government is afraid of and claims that hiring Daniel was the one mistake he made. It was reported in March 2011 that Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks Studios had acquired the rights of Domscheit-Berg's book \"Inside WikiLeaks: My Time with Julian Assange and the World's Most Dangerous Website\", as well as \"WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy\" by British journalists David Leigh and Luke Harding. Spielberg was quick to clarify that he is not involved in any way in the adaptation even though his DreamWorks company would produce the film. In July 2012, reports surfaced that Jeremy Renner was in talks of playing Julian Assange, and Bill Condon was in negotiations to direct."], "answer": {"text": "The couple separated and initially disputed custody of their child. Assange was Daniel's primary caregiver for much of his childhood.", "answer_start": 1176}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is interesting about Assange's personal life?", "answer": {"text": "born in Townsville, Queensland, to Christine Ann Hawkins (b. 1951), a visual artist, and John Shipton, an anti-war activist and builder. The couple had separated before Assange was born.", "answer_start": 12, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he ever received formal education?", "answer": {"text": "He attended many schools, including Goolmangar Primary School in New South Wales (1979-1983) and Townsville State High School, as well as being schooled at home.", "answer_start": 722, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he go to college?", "answer": {"text": "He studied programming, mathematics, and physics at Central Queensland University (1994) and the University of Melbourne (2003-2006), but did not complete a degree.", "answer_start": 884, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do after college, why didnt he get the degree?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did Assange get married?", "answer": {"text": "While in his teens, Assange married a woman named Teresa, and in 1989 they had a son, Daniel Assange, now a software designer.", "answer_start": 1049, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07f257a941c8483b87c8454c013ee68d_1_q#0", "question": "What are some television projects that Orlando Jones has?", "rewrite": "What are some television projects that Orlando Jones has?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Evolution (2001 film) Evolution is a 2001 American comic science fiction film directed by Ivan Reitman. It stars David Duchovny, Orlando Jones, Seann William Scott, Julianne Moore, and Ted Levine. It was released by DreamWorks in the United States and by Columbia Pictures internationally. The plot of the film follows college professor Ira Kane (David Duchovny) and geologist Harry Block (Orlando Jones), who investigate a meteor crash in Arizona. They discover that the meteor harbors extraterrestrial life, which is evolving very quickly into large, diverse and outlandish creatures. \"Evolution\" was based on a story by Don Jakoby, who turned it into a screenplay along with David Diamond and David Weissman. The film was originally written as a serious science fiction horror film, until director Reitman re-wrote much of the script. Shooting took place from October 19, 2000 to February 7, 2001 in California and Page, Arizona, with an $80 million budget, and the film was released in the United States on June 8, 2001. The film grossed $98.4 million internationally. A short-lived animated series, \"\", loosely based on the film, was broadcast months after the film was released. Wayne Grey (Seann William Scott), a trainee firefighter practicing in a shack in the desert near Glen Canyon, Arizona, sees a meteor strike his car and land in a cavern. College professor Ira Kane (David Duchovny) and his colleague, geology Professor Harry Block (Orlando Jones), investigate, taking a sample of strange blue liquid that oozes from it. Ira discovers that it harbors extraterrestrial single-celled nitrogen-based organisms multiplying exponentially, condensing millions of years of evolution within a matter of hours.", "Frances Jones (colonist)  Frances Orlando Jones (August 6, 1710July 9, 1785) was born in New Kent County, Virginia, where she also died. Frances married John Dandridge on July 22, 1730 in New Kent County, Virginia. Frances was the daughter of Orlando Jones and Martha Macon, prosperous Virginia landowners, and she is more commonly known as the mother of the first First Lady of the United States, Martha Washington. Frances' father, Orlando Jones, was a Burgess for New Kent County in 1718 in the House of Burgesses, the leading legislative body in Colonial Virginia. Her grandfather, Col. Gideon Macon (father of Martha Macon), was also a member of the House of Burgesses from 1696 to 1702, and was secretary to Sir William Berkeley, governor of Virginia, during his second term in office. Upon Col. Macon's death in 1702, his widow, Martha Woodward Macon, married Captain Nathaniel West who was also a representative in the House of Burgesses. Captain Nathaniel West and Martha Woodward Macon West had two children. Their daughter, Unity West, married John Dandridge's brother, William Dandridge. William Dandridge was appointed to the Governor's Council in 1727, the highest political position available to colony residents. All of this would suggest that Frances, her husband, and children would have been quite familiar with colonial politics. Frances, or Fanny, was born on a plantation near Williamsburg on Queen's Creek within easy distance of the growing capital. Frances had an older brother, Lane Jones, born in 1707, and Frances was born in 1710. Her mother, Martha Macon Jones, died when Frances was only six years old. Orlando Jones soon remarried. His second wife, Mary Elizabeth William Jones, became the sole parent of the two children just three years later when Orlando Jones died. Orlando and Mary had no children together.", "Crash Course (game show) Crash Course is an American game show that premiered on ABC on August 26, 2009. It is hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. The series has teams of two competing for a golden steering wheel and $50,000. The series failed to get an audience and has been canceled after three aired episodes. Hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. Five teams of two are revealed at the beginning (Siblings, Mother-Son, Best Friends, Single Moms, Roommates, Neighbors etc.). The first round has all five teams competing, for example, in car bowling, the team with the lowest amount of pins would be eliminated. For round two, the four teams would tackle an even more difficult challenge, another example, in Catch Me If You Can, the teams would fight through barrels to get up on a platform. Some cars don't make it and fall upside-down sometimes. The team who doesn't make it up as far or with the slowest time is eliminated. For round three, the three teams fight against each other in a challenging course. For example, in Car Dominoes (What Orlando Jones says, \"DON'T TRY THIS AT HOME!!\"), the teams must slam into exploding cars and the team that completes it in the slowest time would be eliminated. In the final crash course, the two remaining teams would go through an almost impossible obstacle course. They would start by going through barrels and then through a pourdown of barrels and tubes. Then through Wreck Alley, where they go through some exploding on-fire cars following a mud track. Then the teams would stop in front of a dead end and switch drivers while being sprayed by some intense water. Then they back up and go through one of the garages with water barrels on the other side, then through Animal Crossing where they would have to look out for animals", "John Dandridge Col. John Dandridge Jr. of Chestnut Grove (13/14 July 1700 \u2013 31 August 1756) was a distinguished colonel, planter, politician, and Clerk of the Courts of New Kent County, Virginia from 1730 to 1756. Dandridge is best known as the father of the first First Lady of the United States Martha Washington, wife of George Washington, the first president of the United States. Born on 13 July 1700 in England, Dandridge was the youngest son of Col. John Dandridge Sr. (Oxford, Oxfordshire, April 29, 1655 - Oxford, Oxfordshire, 1731), and wife (m. St. Mary Magdalen, London, 1676) Bridget Dugdale (Oxford, Oxfordshire, c. 1656 - 1731); paternal grandson of Capt. William Dandridge I (Drayton St. Leonard, Oxfordshire, England, 30 January 1612 - Dorchester Abbey, Dorchester On Thames, England, July 1693) and wife; and great-grandson of Col. Bartholomew Dandridge I (England, c. 1580 - Drayton St. Leonard, Oxfordshire, England, 21 September 1638) and wife (m. England, 10 May 1604) Agnes Wilder (c. 1585 - c. 1650). He immigrated to Virginia at the age of 14 in 1715. Dandridge married Frances Orlando Jones, daughter of Orlando Jones and Martha Macon Jones West, on 22 July 1730 in New Kent County, Virginia. John and Frances had eight children:   Upon their marriage in 1730, John and Frances moved to their new home on the banks of the Pamunkey River in New Kent County, Virginia, Chestnut Grove. John became Clerk of Courts in New Kent County and kept that position for the next 26 years. He was also vestryman and churchwarden for St. Peter's Church. John was a prominent planter, and a colonel in his military district.", "Primeval (film) Primeval is a 2007 American horror film directed by Michael Katleman and starring Dominic Purcell, Orlando Jones, and Brooke Langton. It is partially inspired by the true story of Gustave, a , giant, man-eating crocodile in Burundi, and centers on a team of American journalists who travel to Burundi to film and capture him. The film was released on January 12, 2007 to mostly negative reviews. In Burundi, a British forensic anthropologist is examining the corpses in a mass grave, claiming they were all killed in an identical manner. When the woman digs her shovel into what she believes is another grave, an unseen creature attacks, and violently drags her into the river. The UN soldiers accompanying her fire into the water, but only her partially devoured corpse floats to the surface, before being devoured. In a New York City newsroom, television journalist Tim Manfrey (Dominic Purcell) is assigned by his boss, Roger (Patrick Lyster), to travel to Burundi with Aviva Masters (Brooke Langton), a reporter who deals with animal stories and has become interested in Gustave, a gigantic, fierce crocodile known to have killed hundreds of people in Africa, over the years. With the killing of the anthropologist, Gustave is suddenly a story of interest to the world. Tim doesn't want to go, knowing that Burundi is a war zone, but he has little choice, since one of his stories turns out to have been based on falsified evidence. Tim and Aviva are accompanied to Burundi by Tim's cameraman and friend, Steven Johnson (Orlando Jones) and herpetologist Matt Collins (Gideon Emery), who is intent on capturing Gustave alive."], "answer": {"text": "Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_07f257a941c8483b87c8454c013ee68d_1_q#1", "question": "Can you tell me about some of those other television appearances?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me about some of the other television appearances of Orlando Jones other than MADtv?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance was not in the form of a sitcom or television drama, but rather in a series of humorous commercials for a soda company. In 2000, Jones became the spokesperson for 7 Up and he gained wide recognition. This exposure led to a plethora of opportunities for Jones. First, he hosted an HBO First Look special in 2000 and then, in 2003, Jones was given his own late night talk show on FX called The Orlando Jones Show. Although his talk show was short lived, Jones continued to make additional television appearances. In 2003, he appeared on The Bernie Mac Show and on Girlfriends. In 2006, Jones decided to return to television as one of the lead characters of ABC's crime drama The Evidence, as Cayman Bishop. He has also appeared in two episodes of Everybody Hates Chris, the first in 2007 as Chris's substitute teacher and the second in 2008 as Clint Huckstable, an allusion to the character Cliff Huxtable played by Bill Cosby on The Cosby Show. In 2008, he appeared as Harold Wilcox, a violent veteran with PTSD, on New Amsterdam. In the first season of the show, Jones also starred on Nick Cannon's Wild 'N Out. Jones was the first guest star on the show. Jones was the co-host of ABC's Crash Course (which was canceled after 4 episodes). On November 16, 2009, it was announced on TV Guide that Orlando has been cast as Marcus Foreman, Eric Foreman's brother on House, appearing in the season six episode \"Moving the Chains\". In 2013, he was hired as a principal actor in the FOX television series Sleepy Hollow. The freshman drama opened to FOX's highest fall drama premiere numbers since the premiere of '24' in 2001.", "Kilbane impressed with numerous impersonations, which included Al Gore, Howard Stern, Luke Perry, Marilyn Manson, Sean Connery, Mel Gibson (as Martin Riggs from \"Lethal Weapon\"), Arnold Schwarzenegger, Jay Leno, Jack Nicholson, Desi Arnaz (as Ricky Ricardo from \"I Love Lucy\"), Michael Richards (as Cosmo Kramer from \"Seinfeld\"), Bob Saget, Donald Trump, Tom Bergeron, Ted Koppel, Robin Williams, Antonio Banderas, Leonard Nimoy (as Mr. Spock), Rob Zombie, Charlton Heston, Andy Griffith, Tommy Tune, Michael Imperioli (as Christopher Moltisanti from \"The Sopranos\"), Billy Bob Thornton (as Karl Chiders from \"Sling Blade\"), Stone Phillips, Michael Eisner, Brad Pitt, Don Knotts (as Ralph Furley from \"Three's Company\"), Keith Richards, and Ray Bolger (as the Scarecrow from \"The Wizard of Oz\"). Despite being a cast member on \"MADtv\", Kilbane did not limit himself and often did side projects. For example, while on summer hiatus from \"MADtv\", he co-starred in the Universal film \"New Jersey Turnpikes\" with Kelsey Grammer and former \"MADtv\" castmember Orlando Jones. After three years on the show, Kilbane left \"MADtv\" at the end of season five.", "Crash Course (game show) Crash Course is an American game show that premiered on ABC on August 26, 2009. It is hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. The series has teams of two competing for a golden steering wheel and $50,000. The series failed to get an audience and has been canceled after three aired episodes. Hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. Five teams of two are revealed at the beginning (Siblings, Mother-Son, Best Friends, Single Moms, Roommates, Neighbors etc.). The first round has all five teams competing, for example, in car bowling, the team with the lowest amount of pins would be eliminated. For round two, the four teams would tackle an even more difficult challenge, another example, in Catch Me If You Can, the teams would fight through barrels to get up on a platform. Some cars don't make it and fall upside-down sometimes. The team who doesn't make it up as far or with the slowest time is eliminated. For round three, the three teams fight against each other in a challenging course. For example, in Car Dominoes (What Orlando Jones says, \"DON'T TRY THIS AT HOME!!\"), the teams must slam into exploding cars and the team that completes it in the slowest time would be eliminated. In the final crash course, the two remaining teams would go through an almost impossible obstacle course. They would start by going through barrels and then through a pourdown of barrels and tubes. Then through Wreck Alley, where they go through some exploding on-fire cars following a mud track. Then the teams would stop in front of a dead end and switch drivers while being sprayed by some intense water. Then they back up and go through one of the garages with water barrels on the other side, then through Animal Crossing where they would have to look out for animals", "Will Sasso William Christopher Sasso (born May 24, 1975) is a Canadian comedian, actor and former podcaster on his podcast \"Ten Minute Podcast\". He is notable for his five seasons as a cast member on \"Mad TV\" from 1997 to 2002 and for starring as Curly in the 2012 film reboot of \"The Three Stooges\". Sasso was born in Ladner, British Columbia, to Italian immigrants. He graduated from Delta Secondary School in Delta, British Columbia in 1993. He credits his determination to become an actor and his respect for comedy to an \"unhealthy addiction to television\". At the age of 15 he landed his first agent and quickly began booking roles in television and film. Before moving from Vancouver to Los Angeles, California, Sasso starred for five seasons as quirky teen Derek Wakaluk on the award-winning Canadian dramatic series \"Madison\". By the end of its second season (1996\u20131997), \"MADtv\" experienced its first big cast turnover. Three of the show's repertory performers (Bryan Callen, Orlando Jones and Artie Lange) left the cast. As a result, in 1997, casting executives at FOX had to cast replacements for the show. Sasso (along with Alex Borstein and Aries Spears) was selected to join the \"MADtv\" third season cast as a regular cast member. Upon his exit, MADtv became known as \"The House that Sasso Built and Bryan Callen squatted in.\" Sasso is known for quirky characters such as the accident-prone handyman Paul Timberman, Eracist member Hugh, singer Michael McCloud, \"Talkin' American\" host Rui Peranio and Mexican luchador Se\u00f1or Bag of Crap.", "Frances Jones (colonist)  Frances Orlando Jones (August 6, 1710July 9, 1785) was born in New Kent County, Virginia, where she also died. Frances married John Dandridge on July 22, 1730 in New Kent County, Virginia. Frances was the daughter of Orlando Jones and Martha Macon, prosperous Virginia landowners, and she is more commonly known as the mother of the first First Lady of the United States, Martha Washington. Frances' father, Orlando Jones, was a Burgess for New Kent County in 1718 in the House of Burgesses, the leading legislative body in Colonial Virginia. Her grandfather, Col. Gideon Macon (father of Martha Macon), was also a member of the House of Burgesses from 1696 to 1702, and was secretary to Sir William Berkeley, governor of Virginia, during his second term in office. Upon Col. Macon's death in 1702, his widow, Martha Woodward Macon, married Captain Nathaniel West who was also a representative in the House of Burgesses. Captain Nathaniel West and Martha Woodward Macon West had two children. Their daughter, Unity West, married John Dandridge's brother, William Dandridge. William Dandridge was appointed to the Governor's Council in 1727, the highest political position available to colony residents. All of this would suggest that Frances, her husband, and children would have been quite familiar with colonial politics. Frances, or Fanny, was born on a plantation near Williamsburg on Queen's Creek within easy distance of the growing capital. Frances had an older brother, Lane Jones, born in 1707, and Frances was born in 1710. Her mother, Martha Macon Jones, died when Frances was only six years old. Orlando Jones soon remarried. His second wife, Mary Elizabeth William Jones, became the sole parent of the two children just three years later when Orlando Jones died. Orlando and Mary had no children together."], "answer": {"text": "This exposure led to a plethora of opportunities for Jones. First, he hosted an HBO First Look special in 2000 and then, in 2003,", "answer_start": 324}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some television projects that Orlando Jones has?", "answer": {"text": "Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07f257a941c8483b87c8454c013ee68d_1_q#2", "question": "Did he have a lot of fans?", "rewrite": "Did Orlando Jones have a lot of fans?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["John Dandridge Col. John Dandridge Jr. of Chestnut Grove (13/14 July 1700 \u2013 31 August 1756) was a distinguished colonel, planter, politician, and Clerk of the Courts of New Kent County, Virginia from 1730 to 1756. Dandridge is best known as the father of the first First Lady of the United States Martha Washington, wife of George Washington, the first president of the United States. Born on 13 July 1700 in England, Dandridge was the youngest son of Col. John Dandridge Sr. (Oxford, Oxfordshire, April 29, 1655 - Oxford, Oxfordshire, 1731), and wife (m. St. Mary Magdalen, London, 1676) Bridget Dugdale (Oxford, Oxfordshire, c. 1656 - 1731); paternal grandson of Capt. William Dandridge I (Drayton St. Leonard, Oxfordshire, England, 30 January 1612 - Dorchester Abbey, Dorchester On Thames, England, July 1693) and wife; and great-grandson of Col. Bartholomew Dandridge I (England, c. 1580 - Drayton St. Leonard, Oxfordshire, England, 21 September 1638) and wife (m. England, 10 May 1604) Agnes Wilder (c. 1585 - c. 1650). He immigrated to Virginia at the age of 14 in 1715. Dandridge married Frances Orlando Jones, daughter of Orlando Jones and Martha Macon Jones West, on 22 July 1730 in New Kent County, Virginia. John and Frances had eight children:   Upon their marriage in 1730, John and Frances moved to their new home on the banks of the Pamunkey River in New Kent County, Virginia, Chestnut Grove. John became Clerk of Courts in New Kent County and kept that position for the next 26 years. He was also vestryman and churchwarden for St. Peter's Church. John was a prominent planter, and a colonel in his military district.", "Evolution (2001 film) Evolution is a 2001 American comic science fiction film directed by Ivan Reitman. It stars David Duchovny, Orlando Jones, Seann William Scott, Julianne Moore, and Ted Levine. It was released by DreamWorks in the United States and by Columbia Pictures internationally. The plot of the film follows college professor Ira Kane (David Duchovny) and geologist Harry Block (Orlando Jones), who investigate a meteor crash in Arizona. They discover that the meteor harbors extraterrestrial life, which is evolving very quickly into large, diverse and outlandish creatures. \"Evolution\" was based on a story by Don Jakoby, who turned it into a screenplay along with David Diamond and David Weissman. The film was originally written as a serious science fiction horror film, until director Reitman re-wrote much of the script. Shooting took place from October 19, 2000 to February 7, 2001 in California and Page, Arizona, with an $80 million budget, and the film was released in the United States on June 8, 2001. The film grossed $98.4 million internationally. A short-lived animated series, \"\", loosely based on the film, was broadcast months after the film was released. Wayne Grey (Seann William Scott), a trainee firefighter practicing in a shack in the desert near Glen Canyon, Arizona, sees a meteor strike his car and land in a cavern. College professor Ira Kane (David Duchovny) and his colleague, geology Professor Harry Block (Orlando Jones), investigate, taking a sample of strange blue liquid that oozes from it. Ira discovers that it harbors extraterrestrial single-celled nitrogen-based organisms multiplying exponentially, condensing millions of years of evolution within a matter of hours.", "Crash Course (game show) Crash Course is an American game show that premiered on ABC on August 26, 2009. It is hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. The series has teams of two competing for a golden steering wheel and $50,000. The series failed to get an audience and has been canceled after three aired episodes. Hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. Five teams of two are revealed at the beginning (Siblings, Mother-Son, Best Friends, Single Moms, Roommates, Neighbors etc.). The first round has all five teams competing, for example, in car bowling, the team with the lowest amount of pins would be eliminated. For round two, the four teams would tackle an even more difficult challenge, another example, in Catch Me If You Can, the teams would fight through barrels to get up on a platform. Some cars don't make it and fall upside-down sometimes. The team who doesn't make it up as far or with the slowest time is eliminated. For round three, the three teams fight against each other in a challenging course. For example, in Car Dominoes (What Orlando Jones says, \"DON'T TRY THIS AT HOME!!\"), the teams must slam into exploding cars and the team that completes it in the slowest time would be eliminated. In the final crash course, the two remaining teams would go through an almost impossible obstacle course. They would start by going through barrels and then through a pourdown of barrels and tubes. Then through Wreck Alley, where they go through some exploding on-fire cars following a mud track. Then the teams would stop in front of a dead end and switch drivers while being sprayed by some intense water. Then they back up and go through one of the garages with water barrels on the other side, then through Animal Crossing where they would have to look out for animals", "Frances Jones (colonist)  Frances Orlando Jones (August 6, 1710July 9, 1785) was born in New Kent County, Virginia, where she also died. Frances married John Dandridge on July 22, 1730 in New Kent County, Virginia. Frances was the daughter of Orlando Jones and Martha Macon, prosperous Virginia landowners, and she is more commonly known as the mother of the first First Lady of the United States, Martha Washington. Frances' father, Orlando Jones, was a Burgess for New Kent County in 1718 in the House of Burgesses, the leading legislative body in Colonial Virginia. Her grandfather, Col. Gideon Macon (father of Martha Macon), was also a member of the House of Burgesses from 1696 to 1702, and was secretary to Sir William Berkeley, governor of Virginia, during his second term in office. Upon Col. Macon's death in 1702, his widow, Martha Woodward Macon, married Captain Nathaniel West who was also a representative in the House of Burgesses. Captain Nathaniel West and Martha Woodward Macon West had two children. Their daughter, Unity West, married John Dandridge's brother, William Dandridge. William Dandridge was appointed to the Governor's Council in 1727, the highest political position available to colony residents. All of this would suggest that Frances, her husband, and children would have been quite familiar with colonial politics. Frances, or Fanny, was born on a plantation near Williamsburg on Queen's Creek within easy distance of the growing capital. Frances had an older brother, Lane Jones, born in 1707, and Frances was born in 1710. Her mother, Martha Macon Jones, died when Frances was only six years old. Orlando Jones soon remarried. His second wife, Mary Elizabeth William Jones, became the sole parent of the two children just three years later when Orlando Jones died. Orlando and Mary had no children together.", "Primeval (film) Primeval is a 2007 American horror film directed by Michael Katleman and starring Dominic Purcell, Orlando Jones, and Brooke Langton. It is partially inspired by the true story of Gustave, a , giant, man-eating crocodile in Burundi, and centers on a team of American journalists who travel to Burundi to film and capture him. The film was released on January 12, 2007 to mostly negative reviews. In Burundi, a British forensic anthropologist is examining the corpses in a mass grave, claiming they were all killed in an identical manner. When the woman digs her shovel into what she believes is another grave, an unseen creature attacks, and violently drags her into the river. The UN soldiers accompanying her fire into the water, but only her partially devoured corpse floats to the surface, before being devoured. In a New York City newsroom, television journalist Tim Manfrey (Dominic Purcell) is assigned by his boss, Roger (Patrick Lyster), to travel to Burundi with Aviva Masters (Brooke Langton), a reporter who deals with animal stories and has become interested in Gustave, a gigantic, fierce crocodile known to have killed hundreds of people in Africa, over the years. With the killing of the anthropologist, Gustave is suddenly a story of interest to the world. Tim doesn't want to go, knowing that Burundi is a war zone, but he has little choice, since one of his stories turns out to have been based on falsified evidence. Tim and Aviva are accompanied to Burundi by Tim's cameraman and friend, Steven Johnson (Orlando Jones) and herpetologist Matt Collins (Gideon Emery), who is intent on capturing Gustave alive."], "answer": {"text": "The Bernie Mac Show and on Girlfriends. In 2006, Jones decided to return to television as one of the lead characters", "answer_start": 659}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some television projects that Orlando Jones has?", "answer": {"text": "Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me about some of those other television appearances?", "answer": {"text": "This exposure led to a plethora of opportunities for Jones. First, he hosted an HBO First Look special in 2000 and then, in 2003,", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07f257a941c8483b87c8454c013ee68d_1_q#3", "question": "What made him want to return?", "rewrite": "What made Orlando Jones want to return to television?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The original Orlando Lions were formed in 1985, and played in the American Soccer League in 1988\u201390. A second incarnation played in the USISL from 1992\u20131995, winning the regular season title in 1992 and 1993. Orlando made another attempt at pro soccer with the Orlando Sundogs, who played in the USISL A-League in 1997. They finished in the middle of the pack, but suffered poor attendance, and folded after one year. In 2008, Orlando hosted the Orlando Sharks of the Major Indoor Soccer League. After poor performance their first year, plans to shift to the new National Indoor Soccer League were eventually shelved. The Orlando Solar Bears of the International Hockey League were formed in 1995 and were very successful, making the playoffs in each of its six seasons and qualifying for Turner Cup finals twice, losing both times, before finally winning the title in 2001. When the IHL folded after the 2000\u201301 season, Rich DeVos chose to fold the Solar Bears because his other team, the Grand Rapids Griffins, was moving to the American Hockey League (AHL) along with several other former IHL teams, but the AHL did not permit an individual to own multiple teams. In 2017, the DeVos family eventually purchased the revived Solar Bears that had been playing in the ECHL since 2011. In 2002, the Atlantic Coast Hockey League was formed with Orlando hosting one of the charter franchises, the Orlando Seals, which won their Commissioner's Cup in 2003; this made Orlando the only Florida city with two hockey championships. The Seals moved to the World Hockey Association 2 in 2003, then the Southern Professional Hockey League in 2004. The City of Orlando revoked their lease for the present Amway Arena, forcing them to sit out the 2004\u201305 season. They moved to Kissimmee and became the Florida Seals in November 2004.", "Des Moines Marathon The IMT Des Moines Marathon is a marathon held annually in downtown Des Moines, Iowa. It serves as a qualifier for the Boston Marathon. Race weekend features the Mercy Live Up Loop 5-Mile Run & 1-Mile Walk and Mercy Children's Hospital & Clinics 1-Mile Youth Run and Jingle Jog on Saturday followed by the IMT Des Moines Marathon & Half Marathon, Bankers Trust Marathon Relay and Principal 5K Road Race on Sunday. All races start and finish in the heart of downtown Des Moines and feature scenic courses boasting the Des Moines skyline, city parks and residential neighborhoods. \"The IMT Des Moines Marathon is all about community; the community of volunteers, race committee, and the great city of Des Moines that embraces this awesome event. The IMT Des Moines Marathon is a perfect size event with 9,000 runners. Large enough that you have plenty of runners to run with but small enough that you feel like you're part of the IMT Des Moines Marathon family,\" said Bart Yasso, Runner's World Chief Running Officer. The first running of the marathon was held in 2002. More than 9,000 athletes participated in the 2013 races.", "Evolution (2001 film) Evolution is a 2001 American comic science fiction film directed by Ivan Reitman. It stars David Duchovny, Orlando Jones, Seann William Scott, Julianne Moore, and Ted Levine. It was released by DreamWorks in the United States and by Columbia Pictures internationally. The plot of the film follows college professor Ira Kane (David Duchovny) and geologist Harry Block (Orlando Jones), who investigate a meteor crash in Arizona. They discover that the meteor harbors extraterrestrial life, which is evolving very quickly into large, diverse and outlandish creatures. \"Evolution\" was based on a story by Don Jakoby, who turned it into a screenplay along with David Diamond and David Weissman. The film was originally written as a serious science fiction horror film, until director Reitman re-wrote much of the script. Shooting took place from October 19, 2000 to February 7, 2001 in California and Page, Arizona, with an $80 million budget, and the film was released in the United States on June 8, 2001. The film grossed $98.4 million internationally. A short-lived animated series, \"\", loosely based on the film, was broadcast months after the film was released. Wayne Grey (Seann William Scott), a trainee firefighter practicing in a shack in the desert near Glen Canyon, Arizona, sees a meteor strike his car and land in a cavern. College professor Ira Kane (David Duchovny) and his colleague, geology Professor Harry Block (Orlando Jones), investigate, taking a sample of strange blue liquid that oozes from it. Ira discovers that it harbors extraterrestrial single-celled nitrogen-based organisms multiplying exponentially, condensing millions of years of evolution within a matter of hours.", "Crash Course (game show) Crash Course is an American game show that premiered on ABC on August 26, 2009. It is hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. The series has teams of two competing for a golden steering wheel and $50,000. The series failed to get an audience and has been canceled after three aired episodes. Hosted by Orlando Jones and Dan Cortese. Five teams of two are revealed at the beginning (Siblings, Mother-Son, Best Friends, Single Moms, Roommates, Neighbors etc.). The first round has all five teams competing, for example, in car bowling, the team with the lowest amount of pins would be eliminated. For round two, the four teams would tackle an even more difficult challenge, another example, in Catch Me If You Can, the teams would fight through barrels to get up on a platform. Some cars don't make it and fall upside-down sometimes. The team who doesn't make it up as far or with the slowest time is eliminated. For round three, the three teams fight against each other in a challenging course. For example, in Car Dominoes (What Orlando Jones says, \"DON'T TRY THIS AT HOME!!\"), the teams must slam into exploding cars and the team that completes it in the slowest time would be eliminated. In the final crash course, the two remaining teams would go through an almost impossible obstacle course. They would start by going through barrels and then through a pourdown of barrels and tubes. Then through Wreck Alley, where they go through some exploding on-fire cars following a mud track. Then the teams would stop in front of a dead end and switch drivers while being sprayed by some intense water. Then they back up and go through one of the garages with water barrels on the other side, then through Animal Crossing where they would have to look out for animals", "Frances Jones (colonist)  Frances Orlando Jones (August 6, 1710July 9, 1785) was born in New Kent County, Virginia, where she also died. Frances married John Dandridge on July 22, 1730 in New Kent County, Virginia. Frances was the daughter of Orlando Jones and Martha Macon, prosperous Virginia landowners, and she is more commonly known as the mother of the first First Lady of the United States, Martha Washington. Frances' father, Orlando Jones, was a Burgess for New Kent County in 1718 in the House of Burgesses, the leading legislative body in Colonial Virginia. Her grandfather, Col. Gideon Macon (father of Martha Macon), was also a member of the House of Burgesses from 1696 to 1702, and was secretary to Sir William Berkeley, governor of Virginia, during his second term in office. Upon Col. Macon's death in 1702, his widow, Martha Woodward Macon, married Captain Nathaniel West who was also a representative in the House of Burgesses. Captain Nathaniel West and Martha Woodward Macon West had two children. Their daughter, Unity West, married John Dandridge's brother, William Dandridge. William Dandridge was appointed to the Governor's Council in 1727, the highest political position available to colony residents. All of this would suggest that Frances, her husband, and children would have been quite familiar with colonial politics. Frances, or Fanny, was born on a plantation near Williamsburg on Queen's Creek within easy distance of the growing capital. Frances had an older brother, Lane Jones, born in 1707, and Frances was born in 1710. Her mother, Martha Macon Jones, died when Frances was only six years old. Orlando Jones soon remarried. His second wife, Mary Elizabeth William Jones, became the sole parent of the two children just three years later when Orlando Jones died. Orlando and Mary had no children together."], "answer": {"text": "He has also appeared in two episodes of Everybody Hates Chris, the first in 2007 as Chris's substitute teacher", "answer_start": 829}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some television projects that Orlando Jones has?", "answer": {"text": "Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me about some of those other television appearances?", "answer": {"text": "This exposure led to a plethora of opportunities for Jones. First, he hosted an HBO First Look special in 2000 and then, in 2003,", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a lot of fans?", "answer": {"text": "The Bernie Mac Show and on Girlfriends. In 2006, Jones decided to return to television as one of the lead characters", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_07f257a941c8483b87c8454c013ee68d_1_q#4", "question": "Was he successful in this show?", "rewrite": "Was Orlando Jones successful in Everybody Hates Chris?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Everybody Hates Chris Everybody Hates Chris is an American period television sitcom, created by comedian Chris Rock and Ali LeRoi, which aired from September 22, 2005 to May 8, 2009, lasting four seasons. With a cast starring Tyler James Williams, Terry Crews, Tichina Arnold, Tequan Richmond, Imani Hakim, Vincent Martella, and Ethan Elder, the show is based around Rock's troubled experiences as a teenager. The show's title parodies the hit CBS sitcom \"Everybody Loves Raymond\", and is set between 1982 and 1987. However, Rock himself was a teenager between 1978 and 1984, having been born in 1965. It originally aired on UPN for its first season, but then moved to The CW, where it aired its remaining three seasons. The CW cancelled the series in 2008, but Rock announced that the series' end had matched up with his own past, and he too felt it was time to end the show. \"Everybody Hates Chris\" received critical acclaim. The American Film Institute selected \"Everybody Hates Chris\" as one of the best 10 television series of 2007, stating that the show \"provides a very real look at growing up in America \u2013 a challenge that demands a discussion of race and class often absent from television today.\" \"Everybody Hates Chris\" was named one of the Best School Shows of All Time by AOL TV. Common Sense Media's Marjorie Kase and Shanel Walker & Emily Kofoed gave the show 4 stars, and said it was \"a prime example of how to take serious issues and approach them in a humorous yet thought-provoking way. The series is innovative, funny, and stereotype-defying \u2013 enjoyable for teens and their parents.\" UPN The CW The show airs regularly on broadcast TV during the week.", "Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance was not in the form of a sitcom or television drama, but rather in a series of humorous commercials for a soda company. In 2000, Jones became the spokesperson for 7 Up and he gained wide recognition. This exposure led to a plethora of opportunities for Jones. First, he hosted an HBO First Look special in 2000 and then, in 2003, Jones was given his own late night talk show on FX called The Orlando Jones Show. Although his talk show was short lived, Jones continued to make additional television appearances. In 2003, he appeared on The Bernie Mac Show and on Girlfriends. In 2006, Jones decided to return to television as one of the lead characters of ABC's crime drama The Evidence, as Cayman Bishop. He has also appeared in two episodes of Everybody Hates Chris, the first in 2007 as Chris's substitute teacher and the second in 2008 as Clint Huckstable, an allusion to the character Cliff Huxtable played by Bill Cosby on The Cosby Show. In 2008, he appeared as Harold Wilcox, a violent veteran with PTSD, on New Amsterdam. In the first season of the show, Jones also starred on Nick Cannon's Wild 'N Out. Jones was the first guest star on the show. Jones was the co-host of ABC's Crash Course (which was canceled after 4 episodes). On November 16, 2009, it was announced on TV Guide that Orlando has been cast as Marcus Foreman, Eric Foreman's brother on House, appearing in the season six episode \"Moving the Chains\". In 2013, he was hired as a principal actor in the FOX television series Sleepy Hollow. The freshman drama opened to FOX's highest fall drama premiere numbers since the premiere of '24' in 2001.", "Paige Hurd Paige Audrey Marie Hurd (born July 20, 1992) is an American actress. She is best known for her recurring role as Tasha Clarkson on the American sitcom \"Everybody Hates Chris\". Hurd was born in Dallas, Texas. She was born to an African American father and a Puerto Rican mother. Her godfather is rapper DMX. She was featured in the comedy \"Beauty Shop\" (2005) starring Queen Latifah and portrayed Tasha, next door neighbor of Chris in the Chris Rock-produced TV series \" Everybody Hates Chris\". She also played DMX's daughter in \"Cradle 2 the Grave\" (2003), a film about a few precious stones that get into the wrong hands, starring Jet Li. Paige also appeared as Denise in \"The Cat in the Hat\", a 2003 comedy film loosely based on the 1957 book of the same name, by Dr. Seuss. Paige appeared in Jasmine Villegas's music video for \" I Own This\" and Steph Jones's music video for \"Beautiful. \" She was also featured as Justin Bieber's love interest in his music video of \"Never Let You Go.\" She also was featured in Romeo Miller's music video \"Mistletoe\". Paige started her acting career training with Dallas Young Actors Studio directed by Linda Seto. She is starring in a new movie called 'Crosstown' with well-known actors and actresses such as Vivica A. Fox. She was also featured in two of singer Trevante's music videos \"Be your First\" and \"Forever\". In 2014 Paige starred in G-Eazy's music video for the single \" I Mean It. \" And in 2012, she participated in the music clip video of Nas named Daughters.", "List of Everybody Hates Chris episodes The following is a list of episodes of the UPN/The CW sitcom \" Everybody Hates Chris\". Each season contains 22 episodes. A total of 88 episodes were produced over the course of 4 seasons airing from September 22, 2005 to May 8, 2009. All episode titles begin with the phrase \"Everybody Hates...\"", "List of Everybody Hates Chris characters This is a list of the main characters in the Emmy-nominated TV series \"Everybody Hates Chris\". The fictional family is loosely based upon that of actor/comedian Chris Rock. While the protagonist is clearly based upon Chris Rock, the surname \"Rock\" is never used when referring to the character Chris or any member of his family. Chris (played by Tyler James Williams), is the ambitious, normal, responsible, intelligent, and kind-hearted, but unlucky, unpopular, untalented, nonathletic, underachieving, hapless, awkward, nerdy, vulnerable and mischievous eldest child and protagonist of the series. He wishes he was more like his younger brother, Drew. Regardless of whether Chris possesses any positive traits, he's certainly never treated as if he does (being disliked by the opposite race, unlike his siblings). He tries hard to fit in with his peers, but often finds himself a victim of circumstance. Chris is bullied at school (with little protection obtained from teachers or faculty members). He is tortured by his sister, humiliated by his brother, victimized by the racist teaching staff, rejected by girls, slandered by his neighbors, ignored by his schoolmates, robbed by neighborhood thugs, is underpaid at work, and receives tough love from his mother and distressing treatment from his father. As the eldest child, he is often put in charge of his younger siblings, but they usually disobey him and he usually has to take the blame for them. Next to all this, Chris is always the butt of the last jokes on each show. People just seem to hate him for inexplicable reasons. His luck improves as the series progresses. One of his talents is playing Asteroids and the other is calling basketball games."], "answer": {"text": "and the second in 2008 as Clint Huckstable, an allusion to the character Cliff Huxtable played by Bill Cosby on The Cosby Show.", "answer_start": 940}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are some television projects that Orlando Jones has?", "answer": {"text": "Aside from MADtv, Jones made many other television appearances. Perhaps his most popular and enduring television appearance", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me about some of those other television appearances?", "answer": {"text": "This exposure led to a plethora of opportunities for Jones. First, he hosted an HBO First Look special in 2000 and then, in 2003,", "answer_start": 324, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a lot of fans?", "answer": {"text": "The Bernie Mac Show and on Girlfriends. In 2006, Jones decided to return to television as one of the lead characters", "answer_start": 659, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What made him want to return?", "answer": {"text": "He has also appeared in two episodes of Everybody Hates Chris, the first in 2007 as Chris's substitute teacher", "answer_start": 829, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43a247f419bd424c8e7d5ec073a763bd_0_q#0", "question": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "rewrite": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Last Week Tonight segments about Donald Trump Donald Trump became the subject of segments featured in episodes of \"Last Week Tonight with John Oliver\" during Trump's Republican primary and general election campaigns, most of which were discussed in the show's opening news recap segment. The ones listed have received prominent coverage from other media, and feature Trump or his actions as part of the main segment. \"Donald Trump\" was the core part of the third season's third episode, during which time Trump was the frontrunner for the Republican Party nomination for the United States Presidency. Oliver discusses Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and his career in business, outlining his campaign rhetoric, varying political positions and failed business ventures. He also says the Trump family name was changed at one point from the ancestral name \"Drumpf\". The segment popularized the term \"Donald Drumpf\" \u2013 which as Oliver stated, was coined with the intent to uncouple the grandeur of the last name so Trump's supporters would be able to better acknowledge his political and entrepreneurial flaws, and started a campaign urging viewers to \"Make Donald Drumpf Again\" \u2013 a play on Trump's own campaign slogan, \"Make America Great Again\". In much of a subsequent segment that aired on March 20, 2016, three weeks after the original episode aired, Oliver talked about Trump's proposed border wall between the United States and Mexico, although the description of the segment uploaded to the show's official YouTube channel mentioned \"Donald Drumpf's\" plan to build the wall. In that episode's main segment, titled \"Border Wall\", Oliver explained some details of his criticism of Trump's border wall idea, examines the inconsistent estimates of the proposed wall's construction cost, and criticizes Trump's proposal to have the Mexican government pay the cost of building the wall.", "Goran Roce Goran Roce (born 12 April 1986) is a retired Croatian footballer who last played for NK Istra 1961. Roce started his career in 2003 with \u017dminj in Croatia\u2019s 3. HNL. Following a couple of seasons with his home club, Roce had stints with Waidhofen/Ybbs in the Austrian Regional League East and \u00d6rgryte in the 2005 Allsvenskan. In 2007, Roce moved to Istra 1961 where he stayed for six consecutive seasons, including the last four seasons in the 1. HNL. He scored his first goal in 1. HNL in a 2\u20134 defeat against Me\u0111imurje on 8 August 2009. Roce was the club\u2019s top goalscorer during the 2012\u201313 season, when he netted 11 goals. In 2013, he moved to RNK Split, where he stayed for two seasons. He collected six appearances for the club during the 2014\u201315 UEFA Europa League. In 2015, he moved to Osijek, another 1. HNL club. On 1 July 2017, he signed with Super League club Xanthi", "Foltz was growing concerned with the prosecutors in court, feeling that they served themselves, and believed in the creation of a rival that would mirror the prosecutor, just as qualified but instead of searching for guilt, searching for innocence. Foltz was also inspired by the people she represented in court such as Charles Colby who lamented over spending all that he owned on ineffective legal counsel. She proposed this, at the time, radical idea of the public defender system at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair as well as wrote numerous law articles on the reasoning why the costs of the criminal defendant should be shouldered by the government. One memorable quote from her speech at the Chicago World fair was:For the conviction of the accused every weapon is provided and used, even those poisoned by wrong and injustice. But what machinery is provided for the defense of the innocent? None, absolutely none. Despite the fact that provisions for indigent legal defense did exist before the creation of the public defender program, Foltz argued the lawyers appointed were unqualified in comparison to the public prosecutors. In fact, she believed that the public defender should be created as a mirror to the public prosecutor; she wished for the selection and the salary to be the same. Her goal of seeing this idea come to fruition saw success when the state of California would see the first public defender office of the United States open in the city of Los Angeles in 1913. Following the creation of the Los Angeles Public Defender office, the public defender program and idea spread throughout the nation. The public defender system is not the only form of indigent defense program offered in the United States. Besides the public defender system, there are two other main alternatives: assigned-counsel system and contract-service system. Assigned-counsel is where the court appoints a private lawyer to defend someone who cannot afford to pay.", "Whistling at Blobert causes him to revert to his original shape and continue following the boy. The player is encouraged to experiment with the jelly beans and their effects to navigate the puzzling game world. Scattered throughout Earth's caverns are various treasures and diamonds that increase the player's score and can be used to purchase vitamins at a drugstore located within the game world. Vitamins can be used in conjunction with a special \"VitaBlaster\" gun, which is in turn used on Blobolonia to complete certain tasks. Also found on the map are extra jelly beans and peppermints, which increase the player's lives. \"A Boy and His Blob: Trouble on Blobolonia\" was developed by Imagineering, the in-house developer of Absolute Entertainment. The game was chiefly designed and programmed by David Crane with help from his former Activision colleague Garry Kitchen. Kitchen was the president of the Activision spin-off company Absolute, which began self-publishing in 1988; Crane joined Kitchen at Absolute around the same time. Crane described the concept of a boy accompanied by a shapeshifting blob as \"an off-the-wall idea\". Crane stated that Blobert's design was heavily influenced by the characters Gloop and Gleep from the Hanna-Barbera cartoon \"The Herculoids\". In terms of gameplay, Crane's goal was to advance the adventure genre as he had done with the Atari 2600 game \"Pitfall!\". Since the release of the sequel \"\", adventure games on the market had grown to include useful tools for players to collect and utilize in their environments. However, Crane found displayed tool inventories \"not very elegant\" and decided to implement tools in a different way.", "In an effort to escape the German winter, Schmidt spent the ends of 1994 and 1995 in Australia. A man with the same idea was the German music producer Bernd Friedmann, whom he met in Melbourne in 1995. Two more +N and Datacide albums were produced between 1993 and 1996 as well as one album each month on Rather Interesting, all of them under different names that Schmidt later refers to as working titles, headlines, or simply \"words that label a musical idea\" rather than being aliases or projects in the traditional sense. Logically all works of Uwe Schmidt would later be summarized under just one name: Atom\u2122. With a lot of traveling, playing live shows worldwide, such as the Love Parade in 1994 and Sonar Barcelona in 1994, as well as the stagnation to be felt in his European surroundings, Schmidt prepared for his departure from the old continent. Together with Dandy Jack, with whom he formed the project Gon, two live shows were played in Santiago de Chile in March and October 1996. Schmidt and the Chilean Dandy Jack, who lived all his life in Germany and Spain, on their way back from Chile, decided to try to relocate to Santiago in 1997. 1996 finally saw Schmidt's Se\u00f1or Coconut idea come to realization. After a couple of unsuccessful attempts during 1993\u20131995, still living in Frankfurt, he recorded right tracks in the later declared electrolatino style. In a fever dream, the name Se\u00f1or Coconut, placed on top of a coconut texture, a design that would become the artwork of the first Se\u00f1or Coconut album, appeared to him. Even though Schmidt tried to complete the album in Frankfurt, the preparations for his move to Chile prevent this plan. In March 1997, Schmidt, together with his colleague Dandy Jack, moved to Santiago de Chile, where they shared a rented house and installed their studios."], "answer": {"text": "a film was intended to be made from it.", "answer_start": 56}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_43a247f419bd424c8e7d5ec073a763bd_0_q#1", "question": "What was the film going to be about?", "rewrite": "What was The Wall film going to be about?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["HollyShorts Film Festival The HollyShorts Film Festival is an annual independent short film festival located in Hollywood, California. Founded in 2005, the yearly festival programmes feature an eclectic mixture of short films of various genres from around the world. The first, inaugural HollyShorts Film Festival took place at The Space Theatre in Hollywood during August 2005 and featured 23 short films from the U.S., Canada, Poland, the U.K., and Thailand. The 2nd annual 2006 HollyShorts Film Festival was held at Cinespace in Hollywood, California, and also featured 53 short films from all around the world, with over thirteen different countries being represented. The third annual 2007 HollyShorts Film Festival took place from August 10-12th in 2007, and awarded goodies. The 4th Annual HollyShorts Film Festival took place on August 7\u201310, 2008 in Hollywood with top honors of Best Short Film going to \u201cBloom\u201d directed Lance Larson. Larson was awarded $2000 VFX package courtesy of Clifton Post for his next project. The Best Student Short honors went to David Jibladze, for his short film \u201cBeholden.\u201d Jibladze took home a 5-day HVX-200, HD Camera rental package courtesy of Martini Crew Booking. Over $25,000 in prizes were awarded. The 5th Annual HollyShorts Film Festival took place August 6\u201313 at the DGA and Laemmle\u2019s Sunset 5 Theatre in Hollywood with top honors of Best Short Film going to \"La Petite Lilia\", directed by Reda Mustafa. Mustafa took home a prize package from Clifton Production Services which included a RED ONE digital cinema package valued up to $5,000.00, while Johnny Gill took home a $10,000 cash prize for the Haydenfilms Online Film Festival contest for his short film \u201cMy Turtle\u2019s Name is Dudley.\u201d", "In 1928 she joined the Fudan Film Company, her first role for that studio being the female lead in \"The Swallow Heroine\", after which she starred in three more for Fudan the following year. In 1930 she moved up a level to the Great Wall Film Company, making what would become her representative work, \"Southern Heroine\", directed by Yang Xiaozhong and co-starring Zhang Zhizhi as her villainous adversary. Chin's performance impressed audiences in a film that came out just as Shanghai studios discovered the potential of marketing their product to Southeast Asia's Chinese community; Chin's emerging popularity amongst this group brought a steady stream of theater owners to Shanghai to buy copies of her films, regardless of the cost. She went on to make nine more action films for Great Wall and other studios, and since some of these were multi-parters, the actual number totaled about twice that. The last of these was released in 1931, by which time the fervor for martial arts movies had cooled, so Chin moved into other genres, including sound films. She married director Hung Chung-Ho, with whom she had seven children (one of her grandchildren is Sammo Hung), and having become a star in Shanghai, they moved to Hong Kong, where they formed the Sanxing Film Company, which specialized in \"wuxia\" and produced the first Fong Sai-Yuk film in 1938. The company continued in business until 1963, when the Hong Kong government requisitioned its properties. Chin's husband died not long afterwards, following which she felt the urge to resume making movies, but when the matter of her age (now 53) came up, she replied that she just wanted to make movies again, and would be happy to take \"green leaf\" roles (bit parts or extras).", "Great Wall Film Company Great Wall Film Company () was one of the first Chinese film production companies based in Shanghai, China, in the 1920s. The company was founded by Mei Xuechou (\u6885\u96ea\u4fe6) and Liu Zhaoming (\u5218\u5146\u660e) in the 1920s. The company's first known film was \"The Discarded Wife\" (1924), written by Hou Yao and co-directed by Hou and Li Zeyuan. The cartoon \"Uproar in the Studio\" was the first known cartoon short released for non-commercial in China in 1926 when the Wan brothers was working for the company. The segment helped them become recognized as animation pioneers in China. The last known production by the company was in 1930.", "Tantric Tourists Tantric Tourists is an independent British feature documentary film directed by Alexander Snelling and produced though Slack Alice Films by Kirsty Allison and Alexander Snelling. The film was shot entirely in India over a period of two weeks and is essentially a road movie, featuring various forms of transport, mainly bus, but also train, plane, boat, elephant, bicycle and rickshaw. A group of American Tourists go to India in search of enlightenment. The main character in the film is group leader Laurie Handlers, a larger-than-life guru from New York City who practices and teaches tantra and leads a small group of travelers on their first trip to India.. The film is a classic mythical journey with the characters learning from their travels. Although superficially the film may appear to be a mockumentary, all participants are real people and nothing was staged in the filming. As such the film can be termed a fly-on-the-wall film and has been compared to \"This Is Spinal Tap\" for its outrageous and hilarious characters. The film is being distributed by the Independent Film Company and is being theatrically released in the UK on 14 February 2010. The film features a rich soundtrack of Indian and Indian-inspired music from:  The film has won several awards most notably: The use of the word tantra in the title of the film relates to the ancient Hindu art and not the modern Western interpretation that tends to associate tantra uniquely with sex.", "Hou Yao Hou Yao (1903\u20131942) was a pioneering Chinese film director, screenwriter, and film theorist. He wrote and directed many films including \"The Discarded Wife\" (1924), \"Romance of the Western Chamber\" (1927), the first Chinese film shown in Western countries, and \"Mulan Joins the Army\" (1928). He wrote \"Techniques of Writing Shadowplay Scripts\", the first theory book on Chinese filmmaking. He founded the Culture Film Company, which was merged into a predecessor of the Shaw Brothers Studio. He has been called the Chinese Henrik Ibsen for his advocacy for gender equality, which he shared with his wife Pu Shunqing. After the Empire of Japan invaded China in 1937, Hou Yao wrote and directed a series of patriotic films against Japanese aggression. In 1942, he was murdered by the Japanese during the Sook Ching massacre in Singapore. Hou Yao was born in 1903 in Panyu, Guangdong province. In the 1920s, he attended Nanjing Advanced Normal School (now Southeast University) in Nanjing, Jiangsu province, majoring in education. He joined the influential Literary Association (\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a) at the school, and wrote the stage play \"The Discarded Wife\". After graduating in 1924, Hou joined the Great Wall Film Company in Shanghai, where he adapted \"The Discarded Wife\" into a film, which he co-directed with Li Zeyuan. It was Great Wall's first film. He then wrote the scripts for the films \"In the Dream of Loved Ones\" (1925) and \"The Star-Plucking Girl\" (1925), and directed \"Cupid's Dolls\" (1925, co-directed with Mei Xuechou) and \"The Hypocrite\" (1926)."], "answer": {"text": "was intended to be live footage from the album's tour,", "answer_start": 129}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "answer": {"text": "a film was intended to be made from it.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43a247f419bd424c8e7d5ec073a763bd_0_q#2", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides The Wall are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Ex parte Curtis Ex parte Curtis, 106 U.S. 371 (1882), is an 8-1 ruling by the United States Supreme Court that the Act of August 15, 1876 was a constitutional exercise of the enumerated powers of the United States Congress under of the United States Constitution. The petitioner had been convicted of receiving money for political purposes in violation of the Act. The petitioner asked the Supreme Court for a writ of habeas corpus. Chief Justice Morrison Waite wrote the opinion for the majority. The constitutional grounds under which the petitioner challenged the Act were not discussed by the Court. Waite noted that Congress had a lengthy history of passing laws restricting the rights and privileges of civil servants, and the constitutionality of such laws had never before been challenged. Next, Waite affirmed that Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution clearly gave Congress the power to determine for itself what was proper in the realm of reining in political corruption: Waite refused to pass judgment on the validity of the writ of habeas corpus, concluding that the Supreme Court's \"jurisdiction is limited to the single question of the power of the court to commit the prisoner for the act of which he has been convicted.\" Associate Justice Joseph P. Bradley dissented. He concluded that the Act impermissibly infringed on First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and freedom of association: Justice Bradley also concluded that the Act was overbroad and that the same positive ends (ending political corruption) could have been achieved by alternative, narrower means. One of the interesting aspects of the majority's decision is that it believed Congress prohibited not civil servants from making political donations on their own but making such donations through their supervisors. Justice Bradley dissented, in part, by arguing that the law banned even voluntary contributions made through superiors (a ban that he felt was unconstitutional).", "Being as an Ocean (album)  Being as an Ocean is the eponymous third full-length album by American melodic hardcore band Being as an Ocean. The album was released on June 30, 2015 through InVogue Records internationally and Impericon Records in Europe. This is the band's second record to feature clean vocalist and rhythm guitarist Michael McGough, and their final album to feature drummer Connor Denis. On the first track from the album, 'Little Richie', lead vocalist Joel Quartuccio stated that the song \"was inspired by the story of my personal friend and pastor, Rich McCullen. Rich grew up in an extremely abusive household and yet still grew up to forgive his abuser and strives to live a life of love and compassion.\" \"New Noise Magazine\" awarded the album 4 out of 5 stars, stating that \"Being As An Ocean is an interesting study in progression by regression. By reigning in some of the more progressive and musically interesting aspects of How We Both Wondrously Perish, the band was able to focus on a unified sound: punchy, pensive bouts of melodic hardcore. It\u2019s not a novel concept, but with this much emotion and focus, Being As An Ocean seems on the road to something truly special. They aren\u2019t there yet, but after a slight recalculation, the destination appears on the horizon.\" GIGsoup shared similar enthusiasm for the album, with their review concluding that \"with their self-titled album, Being As An Ocean once again escape the cliches of the genre (there\u2019s not a single breakdown on the album, for example) and continue to bolster their sound with some spectacular vocal work while also adding a few more killer tunes to their live repertoire.\"", "Ross Bonaime of \"Paste\" gave the episode a 6 out of 10 rating and wrote \"\"Person of Interest\" does genuinely have interesting aspects to its story. But all those take place in flashbacks, while the show wants to spend a majority of its time in the present, which to put it simply, is pretty boring. If \"Person of Interest\" can focus on the mystery of the show, the build up to the meeting of Reese and Finch and their relationship, the show could go some great places. But as for right now, \"Person of Interest\" seems content in being not that interesting.\" Morgan Jeffery of \"Digital Spy\" wrote \"Got to love the stylish \"Person of Interest\" title sequence introduced with this episode, featuring a moody voice-over from Michael Emerson. The flashbacks are a nice addition to the 'A' story this week - we get an intriguing glimpse into Finch's past and it'll be interesting to see how the story arc involving his deceased partner develops.\" Luke Gelineau of \"TV Equals\" wrote \"The second episode, in many ways, is the most important episode for shows like this. The pilot lays out the rules, introduces the characters and their motivations, and tells us what the parameters of the show will be. The second episode, 'Ghosts', is an indicator of what kind of show this is really going to be. Not every episode can be like the pilot and introduce so many new dynamics, so we now get to see what we\u2019ll be getting for the rest of the series. \" Sean McKenna of \"TV Fanatic\" gave the episode a 4.2 star rating out of 5 and wrote \"All in all, this episode was a solid outing that continued to establish the tone and feel for the story and its characters. It's looking to be one interesting and action packed ride.\"", "their theory, which aims to explain religious involvement in terms of rewards and compensators, is seen as a precursor of more explicitly recourse to economic principles in the study of religion, as later developed by Laurence Iannaccone and others. From this period until the 2000s Bainbridge published more books dealing with space, religion, and psychology. These included a text entitled \"Experiments in Psychology\" (1986) which included psychology experimentation software coded by Bainbridge. He also studied the religious cult The Children of God, also known as the Family International, in his 2002 book \"The Endtime Family: Children of God\". Books authored by Bainbridge include: In addition, \"The Future of Religion\" was reprinted in Chinese in 2006 and \"Satan's Power: A Deviant Psychotherapy Cult\" was translated into Italian in 1994. Bainbridge's edited and co-edited books include: In addition to his books, Bainbridge has published over 200 articles and essays in various journals and encyclopedias. His recent work has shifted towards the study of the sociology of video gaming, beginning with the publication of a new article (co-authored with his daughter Wilma Alice Bainbridge) on the potentially interesting aspects of glitches in video games. He has also studied \"personality capture\" in software, the process by which one may save one's personality in a computer through the answering of vast personality surveys. \"The Future of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Book of the Year\" award from the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in 1986 and \"A Theory of Religion\" won the \"Outstanding Scholarship\" from the Pacific Sociological Association in 1993. Bainbridge is a founding member of the Order of Cosmic Engineers and is distantly related to Commodore William Bainbridge.", "that manifested the ideals of the Brazilian Black Movement. Their purpose was to unite the Afro-Brazilians affected by the oppressive government and politically organize so that there could be lasting change among their community. Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea's success has continued ever since and their numbers have grown into the thousands. Even today, the black only bloco continues to exclude others because of their skin color. They do this by advertising exclusive parties and benefits for members, as well as physically shunning and pushing you away if you try to include yourself. Though the media has called it \u2018racist\u2019, to a large degree the black-only \"bloco\" has become one of the most interesting aspects of Salvador's Carnaval and is continuously accepted as a way of life. Combined with the influence of Olodum in Salvador, musical protest and representation as a product of slavery and black consciousness has slowly grown into a more powerful force. Musical representation of problems and issues have long been part of Brazil's history, and Il\u00ea Aiy\u00ea and Olodum both produce creative ways to remain relevant and popular. Slavery as an institution in Brazil was unrivaled in all of the Americas. The sheer number of African slaves brought to Brazil and moved around South America greatly influenced the entirety of the Americas. Indigenous groups, Portuguese colonists, and African slaves all contributed to the melting pot that has created Brazil. The mixture of African religions that survived throughout slavery and Catholicism, Candombl\u00e9, has created some of the most interesting and diverse cultural aspects. In Bahia, statues of African gods called Orishas pay homage to the unique African presence in the nation's largest Afro-Brazilian state. Not only are these Orishas direct links to their past ancestry, but also reminders to the cultures the Brazilian people come from. Condombl\u00e9 and the Orishas serve as an ever-present reminder that African slaves were brought to Brazil."], "answer": {"text": "The film was going to star Waters himself.", "answer_start": 226}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "answer": {"text": "a film was intended to be made from it.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the film going to be about?", "answer": {"text": "was intended to be live footage from the album's tour,", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43a247f419bd424c8e7d5ec073a763bd_0_q#3", "question": "What was his role going to be?", "rewrite": "What was Waters role going to be?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Italo Ferreira Italo Ferreira (born June 6, 1994) is a Brazilian professional surfer who competes on the World Surfing League Men's World Tour since 2015, after his 7th-place finish on the 2014 WSL World Qualifying Series season. Ferreira won the Rookie of The Year award after his finish in 7th place on the 2015 WSL World Championship Tour, surpassing fellow 2015 rookies Wiggolly Dantas (15th), Keanu Asing (20th), Ricardo Christie (31st), and Matt Banting (33rd).", "Bigby v. Dretke  Bigby v. Dretke 402 F.3d 551 (5th Cir. 2005), the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit heard a case appealed from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas (trial court) on the issue of the instructions given to a jury in death penalty sentencing. The decision took into account the recent United States Supreme Court decisions concerning the relevance of mitigating evidence in sentencing, as in \"Penry v. Lynaugh\". On December 24, 1987, Grace Kehler returned home in Fort Worth, Texas, to find 26-year-old Michael Trekell (born March 27, 1961), with whom she lived, and their infant son Jayson (born August 1987) dead, the deaths ruled homicides by forensic investigators. On December 26, 1987, Fort Worth police were called to a Fort Worth motel where a police standoff occurred. James Bigby later surrendered without incident. He gave a written statement to the police confessing to the murders two days later. Bigby was charged with the murder of the male victim and of drowning the man's infant son, both of whom he knew. The mother of the murdered infant identified Bigby as being with her son just prior to his death. When the case came to trial in 1991, Bigby used the insanity defense with several psychiatrists testifying to his mental illness. One testified that Bigby suffered from an intractable paranoid schizophrenia with paranoid delusions that prevented him from distinguishing between right and wrong, and concluded that Bigby committed the murders as a direct result of his mental illness.", "Riley is willing to forgive her after she saved his life from the tribal vampires in the jungle and says she should stop focusing on seeking forgiveness to make herself feel better and just be the kind of person who wouldn't do those things anymore. He also suggests she talk over the past with Buffy. Marc Blucas was asked how the character was described to him during the audition process, he replied that \"They said that Riley is a nice, charming guy, and there's going to be some kind of dichotomy, some kind of double role going on. But that was never really specified.\" In contrast to both Angel and Spike, Riley held out the possibility of normality in Buffy's life. He is also notable in that he is the only boyfriend of Buffy who was accepted by and developed a friendship with Xander Harris, who usually displayed jealousy of the males in her life. Whedon defended the character of Riley Finn, \"The important thing for us was to find a character that was the anti-Angel and to have Buffy go through something very different, part of which was the question, 'How do I get over Angel?' That was the same thing the audience was going through. We knew it wasn't going to be easy and it was very hard trying to find somebody. But Marc [Blucas] has a quality that I love very much: he has sort of an un-David-like, firm, strong, trustworthy quality. I always think of him as Gary Cooper.\" During Season Five, writer/co-executive producer, Marti Noxon, noted that they were making Riley a more tortured complex character, \"He's starting to fray around the edges. That's very compelling to me - that this straight guy is starting to get a little strange.\" Actor Christian Kane also auditioned for Riley Finn.", "Robert T. Johnson (lawyer) Robert Thomas Johnson (born 1948) is a Justice of the New York State Supreme Court in the county of the Bronx. He was previously a New York City Criminal Court judge, an acting justice of the New York State Supreme Court, and a long-time Bronx County District Attorney in New York City. Johnson was born in the Bronx, and grew up in the Amsterdam Houses, a housing project on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. He went to James Monroe High School, then enlisted in the United States Navy in 1968, and went on to graduate from the City College of New York with a bachelor's degree in philosophy. In 1975, he graduated from the New York University School of Law. Upon graduating from law school, Johnson went to work as a defense attorney for the Legal Aid Society. In 1978, he became a prosecutor for the Bronx County District Attorney's office, eventually rising to the rank of Narcotics Bureau chief. Johnson was appointed a New York City Criminal Court judge in 1986 by Mayor Edward Koch. He later served as an Acting New York Supreme Court Justice. In 1988, Johnson ran for the office of Bronx County District Attorney, and won the Democratic primary election in September, which virtually guaranteed him of winning the general election in November. He was elected without opposition, as no Republican candidate had even filed to run in the race, making him the first African-American to be elected to the position of District Attorney in New York State. He was re-elected six times, often without opposition. In 2005, he became the longest-serving Bronx County District Attorney. Johnson was criticized at times for his performance as district attorney, with judges specifically criticizing his management and policies, noting that his office had a high rate of cases which it declined to prosecute.", "Waterfront Communications Waterfront Communications A/S (or just Waterfront) is a Danish PR- and Lobbying Bureau, and was created in 1993 by the former member of the European Parliament Lars Poulsen. The bureau is a part of the worldwide media network Media Consulta. The company is located in Hellerup, north of Copenhagen. At the 13 January 2013 an internal mail correspondence, was revealed by the Danish news magazine \"21 Sunday\" (), that the Danish Railway Operator (DSB) had hired Waterfront to keep the freelance journalist Lars Abild engaged in something else than writing about DSB."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "answer": {"text": "a film was intended to be made from it.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the film going to be about?", "answer": {"text": "was intended to be live footage from the album's tour,", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film was going to star Waters himself.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43a247f419bd424c8e7d5ec073a763bd_0_q#4", "question": "Why did they not make a film?", "rewrite": "Why did Pink Floyd not make a film?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Amazing Pudding The Amazing Pudding (1983\u20131993) was a British fan magazine devoted to Pink Floyd, Roger Waters, and the solo careers of other Pink Floyd band members, including Syd Barrett. It was seen as being the main fanzine of Pink Floyd during the time of its publication. Journalist Stuart Maconie wrote about \"The Amazing Pudding\" as part of a feature in the April 1993 issue of Q. The title, \"The Amazing Pudding\", was a originally a working title for Pink Floyd's 1970 \"Atom Heart Mother\" suite. The magazine was established by Ivor Trueman and was co-edited and published, variously, by Trueman (issues 1\u201317, 1983\u2013), Andy Mabbett (issues 2\u201360, 1983\u20131993), Bruno MacDonald ( issues 24\u201360, 1987\u20131993), and Dave Walker ( issues 13\u201360, \u20131993), for ten years and 60 issues. MacDonald, who started writing for the magazine starting with issue 15, described the self-published and self-distributed publication \u2013 available in the United Kingdom at large record stores like HMV, Tower Records, and Virgin among others \u2013 as being purely independent, illustrated by its irreverent take on the band and its members. Trueman went on to publish the Syd Barrett fanzine called \"Opel\" before co-founding Delerium Records in 1991. Mabbett wrote three books on Pink Floyd: \"Pink Floyd: The Visual Documentary\" (1994, with Miles), \"The Complete Guide to the Music of Pink Floyd\" (1995), and \"\" (2010). Mabbett also wrote the section on Pink Floyd in the official program for the band's 1996 induction into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Mabbett appears as a Pink Floyd expert in the documentary, \"Whatever Happened to Pink Floyd?\"", "The Pink Floyd and Syd Barrett Story The Pink Floyd and Syd Barrett Story is a 2001 television documentary produced by Otmoor Productions for BBC Two's\" Omnibus\" series and originally called Syd Barrett: Crazy Diamond (in the US, a slightly modified version aired as Pink Floyd & Syd Barrett in the \"VH1 Legends\" series in January 2002). Directed by John Edginton, the film includes interviews with all the Pink Floyd members - Roger Waters, David Gilmour, Nick Mason and Richard Wright - plus the \"fifth Pink Floyd\", Bob Klose, who left the band in 1965, getting their points of view on the original band founder Syd Barrett. The film includes rare early television appearances of Pink Floyd, and home movies. The film was first released on DVD on 24 March 2003. In 2006 a new \"definitive edition DVD\" was produced in the UK and Europe in which the full unedited interviews conducted by the director with Pink Floyd are now made available, alongside the original documentary. The focus of the film is Syd Barrett, the lead vocalist and guitarist of the early Pink Floyd, who created their unique psychedelic sound and most of the band's early songs, including the singles \"Arnold Layne\" and \"See Emily Play\" and much of their first album \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\". Barrett's name passed into rock folklore when he was kicked out of Pink Floyd in 1968 and, after two solo albums, disappeared from music altogether amid rumours of a drug-induced breakdown.", "The Australian Pink Floyd Show The Australian Pink Floyd Show, more frequently referred to as the Australian Pink Floyd, is a Pink Floyd tribute band formed in 1988 in Adelaide, South Australia. Their live shows attempt to recreate the look, feel, and sound of Pink Floyd's later world tours, employing visual aids such as lasers, inflatables and a large display panel similar to \"Mr Screen\". The Australian Pink Floyd Show play venues worldwide. The band is noted for replicating the nuances of Pink Floyd's work. The guitar rig of Steve Mac closely resembles David Gilmour's set-up, and includes elements custom-produced by Pete Cornish, who worked extensively with Gilmour. The band associates itself with individuals who have worked with Pink Floyd over the years, including Colin Norfield (who worked as a sound engineer for David Gilmour in his solo career and for Pink Floyd during their 1994 Division Bell Tour) and Clive Brooks \u2013 Nick Mason's long-time drum technician. The show includes a round screen with intelligent lights arranged around its perimeter. During a concert, movies and animations are displayed on-screen, complementing the band's light show. Inflatables (such as the pig used by Pink Floyd during the Division Bell Tour, and \"Skippy\" \u2013 the band's own giant pink kangaroo and named after the Australian TV series \"Skippy The Bush Kangaroo\") are frequently employed in the band's shows. Though various musicians have come and gone over the years, the Australian Pink Floyd Show continues to base itself around its three 'longest-serving' members : Steve Mac, Colin Wilson and Jason Sawford. The current line up consists of: The band was originally formed in 1988 in Adelaide, South Australia, by guitarist Lee Smith.", "Pink Floyd bootleg recordings Pink Floyd bootleg recordings are the collections of audio and video recordings of musical performances by the British rock band Pink Floyd, which were never officially released by the band. The recordings consist of both live performances and outtakes from studio sessions unavailable in official releases. In some cases, certain bootleg recordings may be highly prized among collectors, as at least 40 songs composed by Pink Floyd have never been officially released. During the 1970s, bands such as Pink Floyd created a lucrative market for the mass production of unofficial recordings with large followings of fans willing to purchase them. In addition, the huge crowds that turned up to these concerts made the effective policing of the audience for the presence of recording equipment virtually impossible. Vast numbers of recordings were issued for profit by bootleg labels. Some Pink Floyd bootlegs exist in several variations with differing sound quality and length because sometimes listeners have recorded different versions of the same performance at the same time. Pink Floyd was a group that protected its sonic performance, making recording with amateur recording devices difficult. In their career, Pink Floyd played over 1,300 concerts, of which more than 350 were released as bootlegged recordings (sometimes in various versions). Few concerts have ever been broadcast (or repeated once they were broadcast on television), especially during 'the golden age' of the group from 1966 to 1981. Pink Floyd was one of the mainstays of the bootleg industry in the 1970s. In 1999, the group was mentioned on BPI's list of most bootlegged British artists of all time. One of the best known ROIO's by Pink Floyd is \"Best of Tour '72: Live at the Rainbow Theatre\" with a concert performed on 20 February 1972. This bootleg includes one of the first performances of \"The Dark Side of the Moon\".", "Brit Floyd Brit Floyd is a Pink Floyd tribute band formed in 2011 in Liverpool, United Kingdom. Their live shows attempt to emulate and recreate the sound and soundscape of Pink Floyd's live shows. Damian Darlington formed the band after playing with The Australian Pink Floyd Show for 17 years. Brit Floyd originated in 2011 on the initiative of musical director, guitarist, and singer Damian Darlington \"simply because he felt he could do it one better\" than his previous band, The Australian Pink Floyd Show, and stating that \"there is much more attention to details in every aspect of the show, from the music to the visuals to the lighting : everything is that much more perfected and there's a passion coming off that stage... It's a coherent, emotional journey through Pink Floyd's catalog.\" Darlington began following Pink Floyd's work after hearing \"The Wall\" at the age of 13 and he saw the band live for the first time in 1987 during the A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour. \" Since then, he has seen the band in different incarnations, after its split, and including its 2005 reunion.\" Regarding his growing up listening to the band, Darlington stated: \"I definitely listened to Pink Floyd. I remember \"Another Brick in the Wall\" being No. 1 in the UK. It was December 1979. Probably my first memory of Pink Floyd. Then I actually heard \"The Wall\" album in its entirety and that's what particularly drew me to Pink Floyd about the age of 12 or 13. I was fascinated by the record that told a story, and all these sound effects linking songs together, and also the wonderful guitar work. I was already learning to play guitar and I wanted to learn to play some of these wonderful guitar solos. That was my introduction to Pink Floyd. I was a fan from quite an early age.\""], "answer": {"text": "EMI did not intend to make the film, as they did not understand the concept.", "answer_start": 269}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "answer": {"text": "a film was intended to be made from it.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the film going to be about?", "answer": {"text": "was intended to be live footage from the album's tour,", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film was going to star Waters himself.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role going to be?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43a247f419bd424c8e7d5ec073a763bd_0_q#5", "question": "Can you tell me about the production of the video?", "rewrite": "Can you tell me about the production of The Wall video?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["After Mike Shannon fouled out to Rico Petrocelli for the second out, Juli\u00e1n Javier would single in the hole between short and third followed by .217 lifetime hitter Dal Maxvill's run-scoring single to left for the Cardinals' fourth run. That would be it for Game 1 starter Jos\u00e9 Santiago who would only last two-thirds of an inning this time out. Gary Bell would relieve, getting the ninth batter of the inning, Bob Gibson to fly out to left. Gibson would be on cruise-control the remainder of the game while the Cards would add two more runs off reliever Jerry Stephenson in the third. Cepeda would double into the left-field corner and move to third on a wild pitch. McCarver would add a second RBI on a sac-fly to center scoring Cepeda. Shannon would walk and score on a Juli\u00e1n Javier double just inside the third-base line. That would be it for the scoring as Gibson would win his second Series game, a five-hit complete-game that put his Cardinals up, three games to one. With their backs up against the wall, manager Dick Williams again put his trust in the dependable Jim Lonborg. The 25-year-old righty was faced by Steve \"Lefty\" Carlton. Carlton was 14\u20139 in 30 games with a 2.98 ERA, striking out 168 in 193 innings during the regular season. The game played out very tentatively, with just one early run scored by Boston in the top of the third. After Lonborg struck out leading off the inning, Joe Foy struck a single to left field. Mike Andrews reached safely at first after a sacrifice attempt was fumbled by Cardinal third-baseman Mike Shannon for an error.", "Lauryn Williams Lauryn Williams (born September 11, 1983) is an American sprinter and bobsledder. She was the gold medalist in the 100 meter dash at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics and won silver medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics, 2007 World Championships, and 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships. She won a silver medal in the two-woman bobsleigh at the 2014 Winter Olympics. A World Junior Champion in 2002 , she went on to win the 100 m at the 2003 Pan American Games and claimed the NCAA title over the distance for the University of Miami the following year. She has also featured as part of the American 4\u00d7100 meter relay team, winning gold medals at the 2005 and 2007 World Championships and at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Williams is one of five athletes to have won a medal in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games, as well as the first American woman to do so. Williams was born and raised in suburban Pittsburgh and Detroit and currently resides in suburban Pittsburgh. She holds her high school records for the 100, 200m, long jump and 4x100 meters relay. She ran for The Wings of Moon Track Club founded by Coach Rubin Carter based in Moon Township, PA, a suburb near Pittsburgh. She was a star with the new club and qualified for the National Junior Olympics. She attended the University of Miami, where she competed on the track team and graduated in 2004. She was inducted into the Iron Arrow Honor Society, the university's highest honor. Williams was a part of the 4x100 meter relay team at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics, where she anchored the American team with Angela Williams, Chryste Gaines and Inger Miller in their heat. She did not run in the final. Later that season, she participated in the 2003 Pan American Games in the 100 metre event.", "\"Something had to give\" in Game 7, as the Yankees had lost back-to-back World Series only once (to the New York Giants in 1921\u201322), and were in danger of doing so again, having lost to the Dodgers in 1963; and the Cardinals had never lost a World Series Game 7. Bob Gibson pitched his third start in this Series on two days rest. He was tired but deliberately worked fast to hide his fatigue from the Yankees. In the bottom of the fourth the Cardinals scored three times. Again the Yankees botched a double play when Linz's throw to first went wide, and Bill White scored. McCarver then scored from third on a double steal. Al Downing came in for the fifth after Stottlemyre developed shoulder stiffness, and Lou Brock hit his first pitch for a home run. Two more runs made it 6\u20130. Mantle cut the gap in half with a three-run homer in the sixth, adding to his own record for total home runs in the World Series. Ken Boyer responded with a home run in the seventh that pushed the lead to 7\u20133. Bobby Richardson broke a World Series hit record in the seventh with his 13th hit, later tied by Brock in 1968 and Marty Barrett in 1986. Gibson continued to tire, but manager Keane left him in. Ken Boyer's brother Clete hit a home run for New York with one out in the ninth, making the score 7\u20134. Pinch-hitter Johnny Blanchard struck out. Linz hit another home run, pulling New York to within two, 7\u20135, but the next batter, Richardson, popped up to second baseman Dal Maxvill and the Cardinals won the Series. Bob Gibson won the Series MVP award for his 2\u20131 record, 3.00 ERA, and 27 IP.", "Dan Sunia is the Manufacturing Technology Instructor, and won a 2010 Golden Bell Award from the California School Boards Association in the category of \u201cPartnerships and Collaboratives\u201d for his program \u201cEngineering Design and Apprentice Trades Skills.\u201d Clubs at Petaluma High include the 4th Wall Video Club, California Scholarship Federation (CSF), Chess Club, Drama Club, Circle of Friends, Council of Written Word, Dance Club, Environment Club, Future Farmers of America (FFA), French Club, Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA), a branch of GSA, HOSA, Interact, Junior Statesman, Latino Club, Magic Club, MEChA Paddle Smashers, PYPC, Street Dance Club, Skills USA, Soul Stealers, and Student Council. Petaluma High School is a Division III school and one of seven members of the Vine Valley Athletic League of the North Coast Section. Its mascot is the Trojans and its colors are purple and white. PHS offers boys sports programs in Badminton, Baseball, Basketball, Cross Country, Football, Golf, Soccer, Swimming, Tennis, Track, and Wrestling. Girls programs include Cross Country, Golf, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Track, and Volleyball. In 2009, Petaluma High football had one of its most successful seasons in years, finishing the season 12-1 and making it to the North Coast Section Division 2 quarterfinals. However, they lost in the quarterfinals to Eureka High School. Steve Ellison was the coach of Petaluma High football for the previous 31 seasons and retired after the 2009 season. Coach Ellison's overall coaching record at Petaluma High and Sacred Heart of San Francisco was 218-173-7(Wins-Losses-Ties). Currently, the head football coach is Rick Krist, a physical education teacher and alumnus of the school.", "Coupled with Javier's age (34 at the start of the season), this prompted Cardinals GM Bing Devine to trade Richie Allen to the Los Angeles Dodgers for former Rookie of the Year Ted Sizemore and minor league catcher Bob Stinson. Javier managed to get his tax issues in order and reported to Spring training on time. He was the Cardinals' opening day second baseman due in part to an injury to Dal Maxvill that limited his availability, and had Sizemore opening the season at short. After a slow start, he was back in the Dominican for two weeks to be with his ailing younger brother, Luis. Following Luis' death, Javier returned to the Cardinals to bat .352 with two home runs and fifteen RBIs through the end of May. A dismal June (.088 batting average) prompted Schoendienst to shift Sizemore back to second, and return Maxvill to short. Javier ended the season with a .259 batting average, three home runs and 28 RBIs in ninety games. Unhappy with a reserve role, Javier asked to be traded during Spring training . The Cardinals obliged, dealing him to the Cincinnati Reds for pitcher Tony Cloninger. With Joe Morgan at second, most of Javier's playing time with the Reds was at third base or as a pinch hitter. He batted .209 in 91 at-bats for the Reds. The \"Big Red Machine\" stormed into the post-season by 10.5 games over the Dodgers. Javier did not make a plate appearance in the 1972 National League Championship Series with the Pittsburgh Pirates, however, he appeared in four of the seven games of the 1972 World Series against the Oakland A's. He retired at the end of the season. Javier was strictly a good-contact singles hitter. He jumped on high fastballs, and hit them up the middle."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "answer": {"text": "a film was intended to be made from it.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the film going to be about?", "answer": {"text": "was intended to be live footage from the album's tour,", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film was going to star Waters himself.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role going to be?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they not make a film?", "answer": {"text": "EMI did not intend to make the film, as they did not understand the concept.", "answer_start": 269, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_43a247f419bd424c8e7d5ec073a763bd_0_q#6", "question": "Was there anything else significant?", "rewrite": "Besides The Wall was there anything else significant?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["If You Can Do Anything Else \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" is a song written by Billy Livsey and Don Schlitz, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in February 2001 as the third and final single from his album \"George Strait\". The song reached number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in July 2001. It also peaked at number 51 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is about man who is giving his woman the option to leave him. He gives her many different options for all the things she can do. At the end he gives her the option to stay with him if she really can\u2019t find anything else to do. He says he will be alright if she leaves, but really it seems he wants her to stay. \"If You Can Do Anything Else\" debuted at number 60 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of March 3, 2001.", "Anything Else Anything Else is a 2003 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen, produced by his sister Letty Aronson, and starring Jason Biggs, Christina Ricci, Allen, Stockard Channing, Danny DeVito, Jimmy Fallon, Erica Leerhsen and KaDee Strickland. The film was shown as the opening night selection at the 60th annual Venice International Film Festival. Jerry Falk (Biggs), an aspiring writer living in New York City, has a girlfriend, Brooke (Strickland). He falls in love with Amanda (Ricci) and has an affair with her. Brooke finds out of Jerry's infidelity and leaves him. Amanda leaves her own boyfriend for Jerry. Brooke finally figures it out and leaves Jerry. Jerry turns to ageing, struggling artist (Allen) who acts as his mentor, which includes trying to help sort out Jerry\u2019s romantic life. Dobel says that when he told a cab driver of all his anxieties and phobias in life, the cab driver told him, \"It's like anything else\". Dobel tries to convince Jerry that his manager is only holding him back and his relationship with Amanda is the most destructive force in his life. Amanda continuously cheats on Jerry. Amanda leaves and then comes back. Jerry's neuroses start to worsen. Eventually, Jerry leaves town as Dobel gets him a job writing for television in California. Amanda has an affair with the doctor who was treating her and runs off with him. He sees them together laughing as she once did with him as the cab is taking him towards the airport. Jerry talks to the cabbie of love and relationships. The cabbie simply replies, \"It's like anything else\". The film received mixed reviews from critics.", "The truth is that he raised Nature to the rank of God by conceiving Nature as the fulness of reality, as the One and All. He rejected the specious simplicity obtainable by denying the reality of Matter, or of Mind, or of God. The cosmic system comprehends them all. In fact, God and Nature become identical when each is conceived as the Perfect Self-Existent. This constitutes Spinoza's \"Pantheism\". According to Spinoza, God has \"attributes\". One attribute is 'extension', another attribute is 'thought', and there are infinitely many such attributes. Since Spinoza holds that to exist is to \"act\", some readers take 'extension' to refer to an activity characteristic of bodies (for example, the active process of taking up space, exercising physical power, or resisting a change of place or shape). They take 'thought' to refer to the activity that is characteristic of minds, namely thinking, the exercise of mental power. Each attribute has modes. All bodies are modes of extension, and all ideas are modes of thought. Spinoza's ideas relating to the character and structure of reality are expressed by him in terms of \"substance\", \"attributes\", and \"modes\". These terms are very old and familiar, but not in the sense in which Spinoza employs them. To understand Spinoza, it is necessary to lay aside all preconceptions about them, and follow Spinoza closely. Spinoza found it impossible to understand the finite, dependent, transient objects and events of experience without assuming some reality not dependent on anything else but self-existent, not produced by anything else but eternal, not restricted or limited by anything else but infinite. Such an uncaused, self-sustaining reality he called \"substance\".", "Bo -Bo-Bo A Bo-Bo-Bo or Bo\u2032Bo\u2032Bo\u2032 (UIC classification) is a locomotive with three independent two-axle bogies with all axles powered by separate traction motors. In the AAR system, this is simplified to B-B-B. The Bo-Bo-Bo configuration is often used to lower axle weight while keeping lateral forces low compared to a locomotive with two three-axle bogies, thus allowing the locomotive to use lightly laid track, in particular narrow-gauge railways. The arrangement is extensively used on Italian and Japanese railways. Other examples include New Zealand's DJ, EW and EF classes; the Eurotunnel Class 9 locomotives, which were themselves derived from the New Zealand EF class; the Swiss SBB Re 6/6 (Re 620); the Russia Railways EP10, and the South Korean Korail Class 8000. China imported 6K electric locomotive from Japan between 1986 and 1987. The Bo-Bo-Bo design was applied to SS7 series except SS7E. The State Rail Authority of NSW built the last of its 86 Class electric locomotives (8650) in the Bo-Bo-Bo arrangement (called locally a Tri-Bo), but this did not prove successful and it spent long periods out of traffic undergoing repair. The first Italian six-axle electric locomotives, such as the E.626, used a Bo\u2032BoBo\u2032 layout, where the two centre axles were mounted on a rigid frame and only the outer pairs on bogies. This wheel arrangement requires either an articulated frame (becoming a Bo+Bo+Bo arrangement) or else significant side play on the center bogie. The Italian locomotives and New Zealand EW class are articulated, whereas the Eurotunnel and New Zealand EF and DJ class locomotives' central bogies have a lot of sideplay.", "On April 14, 1994, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit lifted the stay of execution. On May 3, 1994, Campbell asked the U.S. Supreme Court to put another stay on his execution, and to rule on his claim that hanging was unconstitutional, but his request went unanswered. His execution was set for May 27. Then-governor Mike Lowry was an opponent of the death penalty, but upon hearing the details of Campbell's crimes, he refused to commute his sentence to life in prison. Twenty-four hours before the execution, Campbell was given his last shower. His last meal was served two hours before the hanging took place, and he refused to eat most of it. The family members of the victims asked to watch the execution, but this request was turned down. Campbell spent his final hours talking to friends and relatives, including his ex-counselor and son. Campbell's was the second hanging in two years, after serial child killer Westley Allen Dodd. When the time for his execution arrived, Campbell refused to cooperate, and resorted to passive resistance, refusing to get up off the floor of his cell when instructed, finally having to be removed from his cell using pepper spray. On the execution platform, Campbell refused to stand. Corrections officers had to forcefully strap him to a board. Campbell then repeatedly moved his head so that neither the cloak nor noose could be put on easily. It took prison officials 90 seconds to place a hood on his head, and to fix the noose before the trap was opened. The execution took place, and Campbell was pronounced dead about two minutes later. An autopsy confirmed that he had died of a fracture of the cervical spine, and that his death was quick. Later, while cleaning out Campbell's holding cell, authorities found a four-inch piece of metal that he had been sharpening into a knife."], "answer": {"text": "EMI suggested that Parker talk to Waters, who had asked Parker to direct the film.", "answer_start": 439}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did the Wall idea come from?", "answer": {"text": "a film was intended to be made from it.", "answer_start": 56, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the film going to be about?", "answer": {"text": "was intended to be live footage from the album's tour,", "answer_start": 129, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "The film was going to star Waters himself.", "answer_start": 226, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was his role going to be?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Why did they not make a film?", "answer": {"text": "EMI did not intend to make the film, as they did not understand the concept.", "answer_start": 269, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Can you tell me about the production of the video?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40b826cb017c484cbcaddd848b55bd96_1_q#0", "question": "How did Hole get together?", "rewrite": "How did Hole get together?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["This power stems from the idea that when God, regarded as our father, sees that His children are sitting together in unity and love, He is then aroused with a desire to fulfill all their requests, even those of which they would not be worthy via normal means, such as via the advocacy of Michoel, the defending angel of the Jewish people. Indeed, Chasidic tradition includes many stories of people who were saved by taking part in a farbrengen and being thereby blessed. Farbrengen literally means \"get together\". It is called this name so the evil inclination will be fooled to think that this is just like any other get together and will not be on guard and try to get the person to ignore the inspiration of the gathering. There is a Chabad Chasidic saying \"when two get together to talk of their spiritual failings, it is two Godly souls vs. one animal soul. \" The reasoning is, the Godly souls are selfless and are more than happy to unite and help each other in the spiritual failing at hand. However, the animal soul is innately selfish and thus each animal soul will not join forces. Thus, at a farbrengen, when Chassidim get together to inspire one another, they have the help of each other's Godly souls, greatly out-numbering the animal souls.", "A get together which was not unlawful when it gathered, might in this manner turn into an unlawful gathering. 146. rioting: At whatever point power or savagery is utilized by an unlawful gathering, or by any part thereof, in arraignment of the normal object of such get together, every part of such gathering is blameworthy of the offense of revolting. 149. every part of unlawful gathering liable of offense submitted in indictment of normal item:  In the event that an offense is conferred by any part of an unlawful gathering in indictment of the normal object of that get together, or, for example, the parts of that get together knew to be prone to be submitted in arraignment of that question, each individual who, at the time of the conferring of that offense, is a part of the same get together, is blameworthy of that offense. http://thelawstudy.blogspot.com/2014/06/explain-common-intention-and-common.html", "Get Together (Madonna song) \"Get Together\" is a song by American singer Madonna from her tenth studio album \"Confessions on a Dance Floor\" (2005). Produced by Madonna and Stuart Price, the song was released as the third single from the album by Warner Bros. Records on June 6, 2006. The decision was spurred by the fact that \"Get Together\" was the third most downloaded song from the album. It was also released to coincide with the start of Madonna's Confessions Tour. Inspired by Stardust's single \"Music Sounds Better with You\", \"Get Together\" is an anthem about the possibility of finding love on the dancefloor. Contemporary critics appreciated the song, calling it fluid in nature and a wonderful dance track. They complimented Madonna's ability to turn clich\u00e9 comments into pop slogans with the song. After its worldwide release, the song became a success on the dance charts of the United States but failed to enter the official \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, only peaked at six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. It reached the top ten in countries like Canada, the United Kingdom and Italy and topped the chart in Spain. The accompanying music video incorporated Madonna's performance of the song at London's Koko Club, but it was animated to make it different visually. The video showed Madonna singing the song amongst graphical visuals portraying volcanoes erupting and a cityscape. Madonna performed the song on her Confessions Tour where she was accompanied by two dancers wearing horse reins around their head. In 2007, the song was nominated in the category of Best Dance Recording at the 49th Grammy Awards. \"Get Together\" is written by Madonna, Anders Bagge, Peer \u00c5str\u00f6m and Stuart Price with production credits from Madonna and Price. It was inspired by the 1998 dance hit \"Music Sounds Better with You\" by Stardust.", "Get Together (Youngbloods song) \"Get Together\", also known as \"Let's Get Together\", is a song written in the mid-1960s by American singer-songwriter Chet Powers (stage name Dino Valenti). The song is an appeal for peace and brotherhood, presenting the polarity of love versus fear, and the choice to be made between them. It is best remembered for the impassioned plea in the lines of its refrain (\"Come on people now/Smile on your brother/ Everybody get together/ Try to love one another right now\"), which is repeated several times in succession to bring the song to its conclusion. The song was originally recorded as \"Let's Get Together\" by the Kingston Trio in a live performance in March 1964 that was released on June 1, 1964, on their album \"Back in Town\". While it was not released as a single, this version was the first to bring the song to the attention of the general public. The Kingston Trio often performed it live. A pre-Byrds David Crosby recorded \"Get Together\" around the same time as the Trio, but possibly a few weeks later, since the band arrangement includes the riff from the Beatles' version of \"Twist and Shout\", released earlier in Britain but not in the United States until April. Crosby's version was recorded at World Pacific Studios, Los Angeles. It was produced by Jim Dickson as a four-song demo that Crosby recorded before joining the Byrds. A version of the song first broke into the top forty in 1965, when We Five, produced by Kingston Trio manager Frank Werber, released \"Let's Get Together\" as the follow-up to their top ten hit \"You Were on My Mind\". While it did not achieve the same level of success as the other, \"Let's Get Together\"", "Let's Get Together (Hayley Mills song) \"Let's Get Together\" is a song written by Robert and Richard Sherman for the 1961 Disney film \"The Parent Trap\". It was sung in the film by teen actress Hayley Mills, using double-tracking because she played both the roles of twin sisters, which was a technical feat in the early 1960s. Her British accent is only heard in the spoken line which concludes the bridge section: \"Nothing could be greater, say 'Hey Alligator'!!!\" Annette Funicello and Tommy Sands also did a version of the song in the film, which is heard during the dance at the summer camp. When released on disc, the song debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in September 1961 (b/w \"Cobbler, Cobbler\") and went on to become a top 10 hit, peaking at number 8. The credit on the single reads \"Hayley Mills and Hayley Mills\", a tongue-in-cheek reference to Mills apparently singing a duet with herself. Released in the UK, it reached the top 20, peaking at number 17. In 1963, the song reached #1 in Mexico. The song's success led Mills to record an album, \"Let's Get Together with Hayley Mills\", which included \"Let's Get Together\" and Mills' only other hit song, \"Johnny Jingo.\" A homage to the original appeared in the 1998 remake of the film, with Lindsay Lohan singing the title line, and Nobody's Angel performing the soundtrack version. A Spanish-language cover of the song, titled \"Vayamos Juntos\" and recorded by Las Hermanas Jim\u00e9nez, was one of the most successful recordings of 1963 in that country."], "answer": {"text": "Hole formed after Eric Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in Recycler in the summer of 1989.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_40b826cb017c484cbcaddd848b55bd96_1_q#1", "question": "Who else joined the band?", "rewrite": "Who else joined the Hole besides Eric Erlandson and Courtney Love?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["According to BMI's website, most of the songs credited officially to Hole were written just by Courtney Love and Eric Erlandson. \" Doll Parts\" was officially written only by Love and \"I Think That I Would Die\" was written by Erlandson, Love and Kat Bjelland. \" Credit in the Straight World\" is a Young Marble Giants cover. Bassist Kristen Pfaff had decided to quit the band by the time of Cobain's death in April, 1994. In June 1994, she was found dead by her friend Paul Erickson from a heroin overdose. Two months after Pfaff's death, Hole began an extensive tour, with Melissa Auf der Maur replacing her on bass. Four singles were released from the album and three promotional videos were shot, for \"Miss World\" (still with Kristen Pfaff), \"Doll Parts\" (with L7's bassist Jennifer Finch replacing her) and \"Violet\" (already with Melissa Auf der Maur). \"Softer, Softest\" was also released as a single, and Hole's performance of this song at their MTV Unplugged session was used as a promotional video. Following the album's release in the wake of Kurt Cobain's death, rumors began wildly circulating about the album's lyrical content and songwriting, with many people alleging that Cobain had written the album, not Courtney Love. In response to the allegations, drummer Patty Schemel said: \"There is that myth that Kurt wrote a lot of our songs\u2014 it's not true. Eric [Erlandson] and Courtney wrote \"Live Through This\".\" Cobain biographer Charles R. Cross conducted interviews with everyone associated with the record and found that all parties agreed that Love and Erlandson wrote the songs.", "Eric Erlandson Eric Theodore Erlandson (born January 9, 1963) is an American musician, guitarist, and writer, primarily known as founding member, songwriter and lead guitarist of alternative rock band Hole from 1989 to 2002. He has also had several musical side projects, including Rodney & the Tube Tops, which he formed with Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth, and RRIICCEE with Vincent Gallo. While studying creative writing, Erlandson published a book titled \"Letters to Kurt\" in 2012, consisting of free-form and stream-of-consciousness poetry. Erlandson was born January 9, 1963 in Hollywood, Los Angeles and raised in San Pedro, California. He is of Swedish, German, and Irish descent, and is a descendent of Martin Luther. Erlandson is one of seven children, and was raised Roman Catholic. During his college years, he worked for the now-defunct Licorice Pizza record store chain. Erlandson studied economics with a minor in marketing at Loyola Marymount University, where his father, Theodore Erlandson, served as Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, and earned a Bachelor of Science degree. In the early formation of Hole, Erlandson was working for Capitol Records, where he managed Paul McCartney's, Tina Turner's, and various other artists' royalties. In 1988, Erlandson travelled Europe for a number of months \"trying to decide what he wanted to do with his life.\" In mid-1989, Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in \"Recycler\", a local classified ad paper. Erlandson describes the band's first rehearsal session, which featured original bassist Lisa Roberts, as: These two girls show up dressed completely crazy, we set up and they said, \"okay, just start playing something.", "Malibu (Hole song) \"Malibu\" is a song by American alternative rock band Hole. It is the fourth track and second single from the band's third studio album, \"Celebrity Skin\", and was released on December 29, 1998 on DGC Records. The song was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love, lead guitarist Eric Erlandson and Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins, who contributed to a number of other songs on \"Celebrity Skin\". The single was released on vinyl and compact disc in multiple countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan. The standard releases of the single feature \"Drag\" as well as a cover of Bob Dylan's \"It's All Over Now, Baby Blue\" as b-sides. \"Malibu\" was one of Hole's most commercially and critically successful songs. The song peaked at number 3 on the US Modern Rock Tracks chart, and garnered a Grammy nomination in 1999. The song charted at number 264 on \"The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born\" list by Blender Magazine in 2005. \"Malibu\" was written by frontwoman Courtney Love, lead guitarist Eric Erlandson, and Billy Corgan. The lyrics were written solely by Love, while the musical composition and arrangements are credited to Love, Erlandson, and Corgan. While it has been speculated that the song was written about Love's husband, Kurt Cobain's stay in a rehabilitation clinic in Malibu, California , Love has stated that the song was actually written about her first boyfriend, Jeff Mann, whom she lived with in Malibu the late mid-1980s. In 2018, Love revealed at a concert with Smashing Pumpkins that the song was initially written for Stevie Nicks. \"Malibu\" was released as a single on CD, 7\" vinyl, and other formats in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia.", "Turpentine (song) \"Turpentine\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Hole. It was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was one of the band's first compositions and remained unreleased for seven years before being released on the band's second EP, \"The First Session\" on August 26, 1997. Although not as well known as Hole's later songs, \"Turpentine\" is a notable song for the band as it is often cited as \"the first Hole song. \" \"Turpentine\" was reputedly the first song written for Hole, with the music composed Eric Erlandson and the lyrics written by Courtney Love. The song is known to have been written as early as November 1989 as Hole performed the song during their third live show in Huntington Beach, California on November 11, 1989. However, some of the lyrics of the song seem to have been written by Love earlier with the line \" my water breaks like turpentine\" appearing in a poem written by Love in the mid-late 1980s which also features lines that would later appear in \"Loaded\", a track on Hole's debut album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The first and only known studio version of the song was recorded on March 17, 1990 during Hole's first studio session at Rudy's Rising Star, a \"tiny ... basement studio\" in Los Angeles, California after Sympathy for the Record Industry's president, Long Gone John, gave the band a budget of $500 to record their first single, \"Retard Girl.\" The musical content of \"Turpentine\" is highly influenced by punk rock, noise rock and no wave music.", "At this time it was announced the record would be released under the Hole moniker. In February 2010, record deal negotiations were mentioned on \"Friday Night with Jonathan Ross\". Hole signed with Universal Records' Island Def Jam Music Group subsidiary Mercury Records. Hole also announced that the band are being managed by Crush Management. On June 17, 2009, English music magazine \"NME\" posted two in-depth blogs and two interviews of Courtney Love and Micko Larkin announcing the reunion of Hole. The article was primarily focused on \"Nobody's Daughter\", which was up until then a Courtney Love record, and claimed with the \"rock Courtney back in action, this music could only come out under one name, HOLE.\" According to the NME's posts, former Hole bassist Melissa Auf der Maur would re-join the band as a bassist with Micko Larkin replacing co-founder Eric Erlandson, however, a drummer was not mentioned. There was also mention of \"tours next year. \" Erlandson later suggested in an interview with \"SPIN\" magazine that no reunion can take place without mutual involvement between himself and Love, as stated in a contract signed when the band initially split. In response to Erlandson's statements, Love stated that Hole is \"MY Band MY name and MY Trademark\" suggesting that she was the legal owner of the name and not Erlandson. Amidst this, some fans speculated whether or not \"Nobody's Daughter\" would be a Hole or Courtney Love record. Love later stated that Auf der Maur did not end up being a part of the album or the band, despite her earlier statement in an interview with an \"NME\" journalist, saying that \"Melissa is a darling girl, she never came down and sang, she was as touring and she has feelings. \""], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Hole get together?", "answer": {"text": "Hole formed after Eric Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in Recycler in the summer of 1989.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40b826cb017c484cbcaddd848b55bd96_1_q#2", "question": "What were their early songs?", "rewrite": "What were the early songs of the band Hole?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Asking for It (Hole song) \"Asking for It\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Hole. It is the fourth track on the band's second studio album, \"Live Through This\", released on April 12, 1994 on Geffen Records. The song was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. Although not released as a single, \"Asking for It\" is one of the band's most notable songs as it charted a brief, four-week appearance on \"Billboard\"s \"Modern Rock Tracks\" in the United States in February 1995, peaking at number 36. It is also known as one of the three released Hole recordings to feature Love's husband Kurt Cobain. \"Asking for It\" was one of the many songs written by Love and Erlandson following the release of Hole's debut studio album, \"Pretty on the Inside\", and the subsequent departures of drummer Caroline Rue and bassist Jill Emery. Although thought to be written in 1992, the term \"asking for it\" was coined by Love as early as 1990 and appears in the lyrics to the band's 1991 single \"Dicknail\". The opening lines of the song were used by Love in a 1991 interview with British journalist Everett True, in response to one of his questions. The first and only known studio version of the song was recorded in October 1993 as part of the \"Live Through This\" sessions at Triclops Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. On October 18, halfway through the sessions, Love's husband, Kurt Cobain of Nirvana, joined the band in-studio and provided backing vocals for a number of songs, including \"Asking for It\". Cobain, however, was unfamiliar with the material, and was encouraged to \"just sing off the top of [his] head\".", "Celebrity Skin Celebrity Skin is the third studio album by American alternative rock band Hole, released worldwide on September 8, 1998 on Geffen Records and one day later in the United States on DGC Records. It was the last album released by the band before their dissolution in 2002. Hole intended the record to diverge significantly from their previous noise and grunge-influenced sound as featured on \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991) and \"Live Through This\" (1994). The band hired producer Michael Beinhorn to record \"Celebrity Skin\" over a nine-month period that included sessions in California, New York and the United Kingdom. It was the band's only studio release to feature bassist Melissa Auf der Maur. Drummer Patty Schemel played the demos for the album, but was replaced by session drummer Deen Castronovo at the suggestion of producer Beinhorn. This issue created a rift between Schemel and the band, resulting in her dropping out of the tour and parting ways with the group. The band sought to use Los Angeles and the state of California as a unifying theme, and began writing what they conceived as a \"California album\" in 1997. Unlike Hole's previous releases, the final songs on \"Celebrity Skin\" featured instrumental contributions from several musicians outside the band, primarily Billy Corgan, who co-wrote the musical arrangements on five songs. Auf der Maur's former bandmate Jordon Zadorozny, as well as Go-Go's guitarist Charlotte Caffey, also contributed to the composition of one track. Frontwoman Courtney Love, who wrote all of the lyrics, named the album and its title track after a poem she had written which was heavily influenced by T.S. Eliot's \"The Wasteland\". \"Celebrity Skin\" was Hole's most commercially successful album.", "The First Session The First Session is an EP by American alternative rock band Hole, released on August 26, 1997 on Sympathy for the Record Industry. The EP features the entire recording of the band's first ever studio session on March 17, 1990 and also a twenty-page booklet focusing on the band's early career prior to the release of their debut studio album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The EP marked Hole's final release on Sympathy for the Record Industry. Hole in mid-1989 after lead guitarist Eric Erlandson replied to an advertisement, placed by frontwoman Courtney Love, in the Los Angeles-based punk rock fanzine \"The Recycler\". The band's first rehearsal took place in Fortress Studios in Hollywood, where Love, Erlandson and original bassist Lisa Roberts \"played something noisy\" while \"they [Courtney and Lisa] started screaming their poetry at the top of their lungs for two or three hours.\" Drummer Caroline Rue and a third guitarist, Mike Geisbrecht were then recruited and the band began performing shows in October 1989. Songs that would be later featured on \"The First Session\" were played at these series of live shows. Before Hole began to develop a fanbase, Geisbrecht left and was replaced briefly by Errol Stewart, who also left a few weeks later. Roberts also left the group at some point in early 1990 and was replaced by Jill Emery on bass. In March 1990, Hole were given a budget of $500 by Sympathy for the Record Industry's president Long Gone John for a studio recording session, which was initially meant to include only \"Retard Girl.\" The allocated studio was known as Rudy's Rising Star, which Hole later described as \"a tiny LA basement studio,\" and the recording session took place on March 17, 1990.", "Ask for It Ask for It is an EP by American alternative rock band Hole, released on September 8, 1995. It was the band's second and last release on Caroline Records, the first being their debut album \" Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). Although the EP was released after 1994's platinum-selling \"Live Through This\", its contents were recorded by an earlier lineup of the band between 1991 and 1992. The EP comprises three songs by Hole as well as several cover versions of songs by the Wipers, Beat Happening, The Velvet Underground, and the Germs. The recordings featured on the EP originate from several sources, including two studio sessions: a November 19, 1991 John Peel session for the BBC, and a March 1992 studio recording session for a Wipers tribute album; as well as a live performance at the Whisky A Go Go in West Hollywood on February 11, 1992. \"Ask for It\" featured songs recorded from several different sources; only one song on the EP was a studio recording, while the rest were from live performances with John Peel and at the Whisky A Go Go. Hole's first radio session, one of the famous \"John Peel Sessions\", was recorded prior to their second UK tour with Daisy Chainsaw and Therapy?. The session took place at Studio 4 and was first broadcast on January 5, 1992. Hole frontwoman Courtney Love had written John Peel two letters previously, thanking him for airing \"Retard Girl\" on his radio show, which was the reason for Hole's sturdy fanbase in England at the time. During the session, live versions of \"Doll Parts\", \"Violet\", \"Drown Soda\" and \"Forming/Hot Chocolate Boy\" were recorded. The band's live performance at the Whisky a Go Go on February 11, 1992 was recorded by Carlos Nu\u00f1ez.", "Turpentine (song) \"Turpentine\" is a song by the American alternative rock band Hole. It was written by vocalist and rhythm guitarist Courtney Love and lead guitarist Eric Erlandson. The song was one of the band's first compositions and remained unreleased for seven years before being released on the band's second EP, \"The First Session\" on August 26, 1997. Although not as well known as Hole's later songs, \"Turpentine\" is a notable song for the band as it is often cited as \"the first Hole song. \" \"Turpentine\" was reputedly the first song written for Hole, with the music composed Eric Erlandson and the lyrics written by Courtney Love. The song is known to have been written as early as November 1989 as Hole performed the song during their third live show in Huntington Beach, California on November 11, 1989. However, some of the lyrics of the song seem to have been written by Love earlier with the line \" my water breaks like turpentine\" appearing in a poem written by Love in the mid-late 1980s which also features lines that would later appear in \"Loaded\", a track on Hole's debut album, \"Pretty on the Inside\" (1991). The first and only known studio version of the song was recorded on March 17, 1990 during Hole's first studio session at Rudy's Rising Star, a \"tiny ... basement studio\" in Los Angeles, California after Sympathy for the Record Industry's president, Long Gone John, gave the band a budget of $500 to record their first single, \"Retard Girl.\" The musical content of \"Turpentine\" is highly influenced by punk rock, noise rock and no wave music."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Hole get together?", "answer": {"text": "Hole formed after Eric Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in Recycler in the summer of 1989.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else joined the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_40b826cb017c484cbcaddd848b55bd96_1_q#3", "question": "What was Erlandson's background as a musician?", "rewrite": "What was Erlandson's background as a musician?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jackson, J., M. Kirby, W. Berger, K. Bjorndal, L. Botsford, B. Bourque, R. Bradbury, R. Cooke, J. Erlandson, J. Estes, T. Hughes, S. Kidwell, C. Lange, H. Lenihan, J. Pandolfi, C. Peterson, R. Steneck, M. Tegner, & R. Warner (2001) Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science 293:629-638. Erlandson, Jon M. (1988) The Role of Shellfish in Coastal Economies: A Protein Perspective. American Antiquity 53(1):102-10  Erlandson, Jon M. (1984) A Case Study in Faunalturbation: Delineating the Effects of the Burrowing Pocket Gopher on the Distribution of Archaeological Materials. American Antiquity 49:785-790. Braje, Todd, D.J. Kennett, J.M. Erlandson, & B. Culleton (2007) Human Impacts on Nearshore Shellfish Taxa: A 7,000 Year Record from Santa Rosa Island, California. American Antiquity 72:735-756. Jones, T.L., R.T. Fitzgerald, D.J. Kennett, C. Micsicek, J. Fagan, J. Sharp, & J.M. Erlandson * 2002 The Cross Creek Site (CA-SLO-1797) and its Implications for New World Colonization. American Antiquity 67:213-230. Moss, Madonna L. & J.M. Erlandson ( 2002) Animal agency and coastal archaeology. American Antiquity 67:367-369. Erlandson, Jon M. & M.L. Moss (2001)", "Eric Erlandson Eric Theodore Erlandson (born January 9, 1963) is an American musician, guitarist, and writer, primarily known as founding member, songwriter and lead guitarist of alternative rock band Hole from 1989 to 2002. He has also had several musical side projects, including Rodney & the Tube Tops, which he formed with Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth, and RRIICCEE with Vincent Gallo. While studying creative writing, Erlandson published a book titled \"Letters to Kurt\" in 2012, consisting of free-form and stream-of-consciousness poetry. Erlandson was born January 9, 1963 in Hollywood, Los Angeles and raised in San Pedro, California. He is of Swedish, German, and Irish descent, and is a descendent of Martin Luther. Erlandson is one of seven children, and was raised Roman Catholic. During his college years, he worked for the now-defunct Licorice Pizza record store chain. Erlandson studied economics with a minor in marketing at Loyola Marymount University, where his father, Theodore Erlandson, served as Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, and earned a Bachelor of Science degree. In the early formation of Hole, Erlandson was working for Capitol Records, where he managed Paul McCartney's, Tina Turner's, and various other artists' royalties. In 1988, Erlandson travelled Europe for a number of months \"trying to decide what he wanted to do with his life.\" In mid-1989, Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in \"Recycler\", a local classified ad paper. Erlandson describes the band's first rehearsal session, which featured original bassist Lisa Roberts, as: These two girls show up dressed completely crazy, we set up and they said, \"okay, just start playing something.", "Jon M. Erlandson Jon M. Erlandson is an archaeologist and Philip H. Knight Professor of Social Sciences in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oregon, and the director of the University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History. Erlandson\u2019s research interests include coastal adaptations, the peopling of North America, maritime archaeology and historical ecology and human impacts in coastal ecosystems. Erlandson received his B.A. in Physical Anthropology from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1980. He then completed his M.A. and Ph.D. from the same university in Archaeology. Erlandson also is a founding co-editor of the Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology. He has also published over 250 scholarly articles and has edited or written 18 books. In 2013, Erlandson was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Erlandson was born in Santa Barbara, California and enjoyed many different water-based activities, including swimming, surfing and sailing. He moved to Alaska in 1982, and has been a resident in various parts of the Pacific Northwest since that time. Erlandson worked to protect archaeological sites from damage after the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. His collaborative efforts with marine biologists and ecologists have inspired him to become involved in policy issues about the conservation biology of endangered coastal fisheries and ecosystems. He has won several awards for outstanding teaching and research, as well as for his mentoring of minority students. Discover Magazine named a paper Erlandson was involved in, \u201cHistorical Overfishing and the Recent Collapse of Coastal Ecosystems\u201d by Jeremy Jackson et al., the top science story of 2001. Working in California, Oregon, Alaska, and Iceland, Erlandson has extensively researched the beginnings of coastal adaptations and the exploitation of marine resources.", "Auf der Maur left the group in 1999 to pursue other musical projects and on May 22, 2002, Erlandson and Love disbanded Hole through their official website noting that they would \"no longer record or tour together.\" Following Hole's disbandment, Erlandson wrote songs with actress Bijou Phillips and contributed to Melissa Auf der Maur's debut solo album \"Auf der Maur\", playing guitar on the track, \"Would If I Could.\" He toured with his friend Bill Bartell's band, White Flag, and wrote, produced and performed two shows with a group including singer/songwriter John Wolfington and drummer Blackie Onassis from Urge Overkill. In 2007, Erlandson formed an improvisational music project, RRIICCEE, with his neighbor Vincent Gallo. The band toured the United States and Canada between 2007 and 2008, and performed at the Fuji Rock Festival in Japan before the group's dissolution. In 2009, Love announced that her upcoming solo album, \"Nobody's Daughter\", was being released under the name Hole and described the band's reunion, which included Love's guitarist Micko Larkin replacing Erlandson. Auf der Maur was first to respond to the news, describing it as \"jeopardis[ing] a real Hole reunion\" and Erlandson stated that he and Love \"have a contract\", which was later revealed to be a contract preventing either from reforming Hole without mutual involvement. In a later interview, just days before the expected release of Hole's \"Nobody's Daughter\", Erlandson explained how \"[Courtney's] management convinced me that it was all hot air and that she would never be able to finish her album. Now I'm left in an uncomfortable position. \" Neither Love nor Erlandson have commented on the reunion further.", "Rick, Torben C. & Jon M. Erlandson (editors) (2008) Human Impacts on Ancient Marine Ecosystems: A Global Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press. Erlandson, Jon M. & Terry Jones (editors) (2002) Catalysts to Complexity: The Late Holocene on the California Coast. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles Erlandson, Jon M. and Michael A. Glassow (editors) (1997) The Archaeology of the California Coast during the Middle Holocene. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles Erlandson, Jon M. (1994) Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast. New York: Plenum Press. Moss, Madonna L. and Jon M. Erlandson (editors) (1992) Beyond Culture Areas: Relationships Between Maritime Cultures of Southern Alaska. Arctic Anthropology Volume 29. Erlandson, Jon McVey (1988) Of Millingstones and Molluscs: The Cultural Ecology of Early Holocene Hunter-Gatherers on the California Coast. Ph.D. Dissertation, UCSB. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor. Erlandson, Jon M. (2013) \" Shell Middens and other Anthropogenic Soils as Global Stratigraphic Signatures for the Anthropocene. \" In When Humans Dominated the Earth: Archeological Perspectives on the Anthropocene, edited by J.M. Erlandson & T.J. Braje. Anthropocene 4:24-32. Erlandson, Jon M. (2001) \u201cThe Archaeology of Aquatic Adaptations: Paradigms for a New Millennium\u201d Journal of Archaeological Research Vol. 9 No. 4 pp. 287\u2013350 Erlandson, Jon M. et al. (2007)"], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How did Hole get together?", "answer": {"text": "Hole formed after Eric Erlandson responded to an advertisement placed by Courtney Love in Recycler in the summer of 1989.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who else joined the band?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What were their early songs?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5f538def651c4ca184396d5fc3197ebe_1_q#0", "question": "Who founded the Public Enemy band?", "rewrite": "Who founded the Public Enemy band?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["As The Public Enemy was embraced by the majority of fans, Heyman was inspired to bring in The Gangstas ( New Jack and Mustafa Saed, from Smoky Mountain Wrestling) to feud with TPE. The Gangstas immediately began a long and bloody feud with The Public Enemy, which pitted The Gangstas' \"harsh, gritty West Coast gangsta\" lifestyle against The Public Enemy's \"East Coast feel good\" style. Their feud is among the feuds most often cited as \"classic ECW\". The Public Enemy was also involved in some of ECW's most memorable moments. On one occasion, during a singles match between Cactus Jack and Terry Funk at Hardcore Heaven 1994, the Public Enemy interfered and attacked both wrestlers. Terry Funk turned to the crowd and asked the fans if he could have a chair to use. A fan immediately threw a chair into the ring, and not long after many other fans followed suit. Eventually the ring was filled with chairs with both members of The Public Enemy buried underneath. In another incident in Tampa, Florida, towards the end of their run with ECW, during the Sunshine State Slaughter event in 1995, The Public Enemy asked the fans to come into the ring to dance with them one last time. As more and more fans piled in and onto the ring, all dancing and celebrating, the ring actually collapsed. At ECW's House Party 1999 on January 16, The Public Enemy made a long-awaited and much-hyped return to the ECW Arena, in order to answer the challenge of the Dudley Boyz. At the time, they were still under contract to WCW, but they successfully brawled (with assistance from New Jack) with the Dudleys.", "In the main event of the evening, Terry Funk took on Cactus Jack. Public Enemy interfered in the match by attacking Jack, resulting in the match being ruled out a no contest. Public Enemy then proceeded to attack Jack until Jack and Funk recovered and attacked Public Enemy. After the match, a notable event took place in which Funk and Jack led the crowd into throwing folding chairs into the ring and the audience floored dozen of chairs onto Public Enemy in the ring. Public Enemy's attack on Terry Funk at Hardcore Heaven was a continuation of their feud since Heat Wave. Their interference in Funk and Cactus Jack's main event at Hardcore Heaven resulted in Funk and Jack forming an alliance and beginning a feud with Public Enemy. On the August 16 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", a match was made between Public Enemy and the team of Funk and Jack for the ECW Tag Team Championship at NWA World Title Tournament. Funk did not appear at the event and Mikey Whipwreck substituted for him as he and Jack beat Public Enemy for the tag team titles. The Sandman and Tommy Dreamer continued their feud as the two battled in a Singapore Cane rematch on the August 30 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", which Sandman won with the help of Woman. After the match, Dreamer gladly took the ten lashes of cane from Sandman. The feud continued as Dreamer defeated Sandman in an \"I Quit\" match on the October 4 episode of \"Hardcore TV\" after Sandman was blinded when a cigarette was lit in his eyes.", "On October 16, Smith won a battle royal in North East , Maryland to become the first Maryland Champion, thus winning his first title in the company. However, Smith would become the only person to hold the title due to it being abandoned later that year. At Holiday Hell, Smith and Tommy Cairo unsuccessfully challenged Kevin Sullivan and The Tazmaniac for the Tag Team Championship. Smith had a notable match at \"The Night the Line was Crossed\" on February 5, 1994, in which he defeated Mike Awesome. On the March 22 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", Smith defeated The Tazmaniac to win the Television Championship. During the match, Smith rescued Woman from The Public Enemy (Johnny Grunge and Rocco Rock), which resulted in a rivalry between Smith and Public Enemy. Smith successfully defended the title against Rockin' Rebel at the inaugural Ultimate Jeopardy event on March 26. He lost the title to The Pitbull on the April 19 episode of \"Hardcore TV\" after Public Enemy attacked Smith before the match. At \"When Worlds Collide\", Smith teamed with The Bruise Brothers (Don and Ron) to defeat Public Enemy, Mr. Hughes and Shane Douglas in a handicap elimination match when he became the survivor of his team by single-handedly eliminating Public Enemy. Smith's momentum would be slowed down in the following months. Smith attempted to regain the Television Championship from Jason on the September 13 episode of \"Hardcore TV\" but lost the match after suffering a knee injury. He wrestled The Public Enemy on several occasions in 1994 as he tried to win the World Tag Team Championship from Public Enemy with different tag team partners including The Sandman, Tommy Dreamer and Hack Meyers but failed to win the title. Smith defeated Hack Meyers at November to Remember. He would then face Stevie Richards in a losing effort at Holiday Hell.", "The Public Enemy's wrestling style was referenced in Weezer's song \"El Scorcho\"; the line \"watchin' Grunge legdrop New Jack through a press table\" was derived from a caption for a photograph of Grunge fighting wrestler New Jack that was published in \"Pro Wrestling Illustrated\". In 1996, The Public Enemy joined the Atlanta, Georgia based World Championship Wrestling promotion. They debuted on January 15, 1996, defeating The American Males. On September 23, 1996 in Birmingham, Alabama, The Public Enemy defeated Harlem Heat to win the WCW World Tag Team Championship. Harlem Heat regained the titles on October 1, 1996 in Canton, Ohio. The Public Enemy left WCW in 1999, and briefly wrestled for ECW before joining the World Wrestling Federation. Both men made their debut on the February 22, 1999 episode of \"Raw is War\", but were released from the WWF two months later. On July 18 at Bash at the Beach 1999, The Public Enemy returned to WCW and took part in the \"Junkyard Invitational\". They then returned to the independent circuit, making appearances with the X Wrestling Federation as The South Philly Posse, where they were managed by Jasmin St. Claire. In the early 2000s, Public Enemy performed for the short-lived i-Generation Superstars of Wrestling among other independent promotions. The team won various independent tag team titles. Following the death of Rocco Rock in 2002, Grunge teamed with his kayfabe brother Joey Grunge as The New Public Enemy throughout August 2003. He also made appearances with Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling (3PW), and participated in a memorial segment for deceased ECW wrestlers at \"Hardcore Homecoming\" on June 10, 2005. At the end of 2005, Grunge was preparing for a comeback.", "People Get Ready (PE 2.0 album) People Get Ready is the debut studio album of Public Enemy spin-off project PE 2.0. The album was released on October 7, 2014. As the \"next generation\" of Public Enemy, PE 2.0's philosophy is to \"take select songs from the PE catalog and cover or reVisit them\" as well as new material with members of the original Public Enemy including DJ Lord, Davy DMX, Professor Griff and Chuck D. The album includes numerous samples from the original Public Enemy and two explicit covers with new lyrics - \"What They Need\" an update of the Public Enemy track \"Gotta Give the Peeps What They Need\" from the 2002 album Revolverlution and \"Yo!\", a cover of \"Yo! Bum Rush the Show\" from Public Enemy's first album in 1987. Public Enemy frontman Chuck D also makes guest appearances on the title track \" People Get Ready\" and \"Yo!\"."], "answer": {"text": "Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s.", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_5f538def651c4ca184396d5fc3197ebe_1_q#1", "question": "Did the band experience success at first?", "rewrite": "Did the Public Enemy band experience success at first?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Johnny Grunge Michael Lynn Durham (July 10, 1966 \u2013 February 16, 2006) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Johnny Grunge. He is known for his appearances with Eastern/Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation as one-half of the tag team The Public Enemy with Rocco Rock. In the course of his career, Grunge held championships such as the ECW World Tag Team Championship and WCW World Tag Team Championship. Grunge debuted in 1987. In 1993 in Woodbridge, New Jersey, Grunge formed a tag team in the UWF with Rocco Rock known as The Public Enemy. This was not the first time they had met though as The Public Enemy faced one another in Austria circa 1991, with Grunge (using the name \"Johnny Rotten\") losing to Rock (using the name \"Cheetah Kid\" and was masked). In 1993, The Public Enemy joined Eastern Championship Wrestling, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based promotion soon to be renamed Extreme Championship Wrestling. Between March 6, 1994 and October 28, 1995, The Public Enemy held the ECW Tag Team Championship on four occasions. While in ECW, they were involved in two infamous incidents - the first when the ECW audience hurled folding chairs into the ring until The Public Enemy (both \"unconscious\") were submerged, and the second when the ECW audience invaded the ring to celebrate with The Public Enemy, with the ring collapsing as a result of the additional weight. They were known for their hardcore wrestling style and usage of tables, a gimmick that was later adopted by the Dudley Boyz.", "People Get Ready (PE 2.0 album) People Get Ready is the debut studio album of Public Enemy spin-off project PE 2.0. The album was released on October 7, 2014. As the \"next generation\" of Public Enemy, PE 2.0's philosophy is to \"take select songs from the PE catalog and cover or reVisit them\" as well as new material with members of the original Public Enemy including DJ Lord, Davy DMX, Professor Griff and Chuck D. The album includes numerous samples from the original Public Enemy and two explicit covers with new lyrics - \"What They Need\" an update of the Public Enemy track \"Gotta Give the Peeps What They Need\" from the 2002 album Revolverlution and \"Yo!\", a cover of \"Yo! Bum Rush the Show\" from Public Enemy's first album in 1987. Public Enemy frontman Chuck D also makes guest appearances on the title track \" People Get Ready\" and \"Yo!\".", "On October 16, Smith won a battle royal in North East , Maryland to become the first Maryland Champion, thus winning his first title in the company. However, Smith would become the only person to hold the title due to it being abandoned later that year. At Holiday Hell, Smith and Tommy Cairo unsuccessfully challenged Kevin Sullivan and The Tazmaniac for the Tag Team Championship. Smith had a notable match at \"The Night the Line was Crossed\" on February 5, 1994, in which he defeated Mike Awesome. On the March 22 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", Smith defeated The Tazmaniac to win the Television Championship. During the match, Smith rescued Woman from The Public Enemy (Johnny Grunge and Rocco Rock), which resulted in a rivalry between Smith and Public Enemy. Smith successfully defended the title against Rockin' Rebel at the inaugural Ultimate Jeopardy event on March 26. He lost the title to The Pitbull on the April 19 episode of \"Hardcore TV\" after Public Enemy attacked Smith before the match. At \"When Worlds Collide\", Smith teamed with The Bruise Brothers (Don and Ron) to defeat Public Enemy, Mr. Hughes and Shane Douglas in a handicap elimination match when he became the survivor of his team by single-handedly eliminating Public Enemy. Smith's momentum would be slowed down in the following months. Smith attempted to regain the Television Championship from Jason on the September 13 episode of \"Hardcore TV\" but lost the match after suffering a knee injury. He wrestled The Public Enemy on several occasions in 1994 as he tried to win the World Tag Team Championship from Public Enemy with different tag team partners including The Sandman, Tommy Dreamer and Hack Meyers but failed to win the title. Smith defeated Hack Meyers at November to Remember. He would then face Stevie Richards in a losing effort at Holiday Hell.", "As The Public Enemy was embraced by the majority of fans, Heyman was inspired to bring in The Gangstas ( New Jack and Mustafa Saed, from Smoky Mountain Wrestling) to feud with TPE. The Gangstas immediately began a long and bloody feud with The Public Enemy, which pitted The Gangstas' \"harsh, gritty West Coast gangsta\" lifestyle against The Public Enemy's \"East Coast feel good\" style. Their feud is among the feuds most often cited as \"classic ECW\". The Public Enemy was also involved in some of ECW's most memorable moments. On one occasion, during a singles match between Cactus Jack and Terry Funk at Hardcore Heaven 1994, the Public Enemy interfered and attacked both wrestlers. Terry Funk turned to the crowd and asked the fans if he could have a chair to use. A fan immediately threw a chair into the ring, and not long after many other fans followed suit. Eventually the ring was filled with chairs with both members of The Public Enemy buried underneath. In another incident in Tampa, Florida, towards the end of their run with ECW, during the Sunshine State Slaughter event in 1995, The Public Enemy asked the fans to come into the ring to dance with them one last time. As more and more fans piled in and onto the ring, all dancing and celebrating, the ring actually collapsed. At ECW's House Party 1999 on January 16, The Public Enemy made a long-awaited and much-hyped return to the ECW Arena, in order to answer the challenge of the Dudley Boyz. At the time, they were still under contract to WCW, but they successfully brawled (with assistance from New Jack) with the Dudleys.", "In the main event of the evening, Terry Funk took on Cactus Jack. Public Enemy interfered in the match by attacking Jack, resulting in the match being ruled out a no contest. Public Enemy then proceeded to attack Jack until Jack and Funk recovered and attacked Public Enemy. After the match, a notable event took place in which Funk and Jack led the crowd into throwing folding chairs into the ring and the audience floored dozen of chairs onto Public Enemy in the ring. Public Enemy's attack on Terry Funk at Hardcore Heaven was a continuation of their feud since Heat Wave. Their interference in Funk and Cactus Jack's main event at Hardcore Heaven resulted in Funk and Jack forming an alliance and beginning a feud with Public Enemy. On the August 16 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", a match was made between Public Enemy and the team of Funk and Jack for the ECW Tag Team Championship at NWA World Title Tournament. Funk did not appear at the event and Mikey Whipwreck substituted for him as he and Jack beat Public Enemy for the tag team titles. The Sandman and Tommy Dreamer continued their feud as the two battled in a Singapore Cane rematch on the August 30 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", which Sandman won with the help of Woman. After the match, Dreamer gladly took the ten lashes of cane from Sandman. The feud continued as Dreamer defeated Sandman in an \"I Quit\" match on the October 4 episode of \"Hardcore TV\" after Sandman was blinded when a cigarette was lit in his eyes."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who founded the Public Enemy band?", "answer": {"text": "Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5f538def651c4ca184396d5fc3197ebe_1_q#2", "question": "What was a highlight of their early years?", "rewrite": "What was a highlight of Public Enemy band early years?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In the main event of the evening, Terry Funk took on Cactus Jack. Public Enemy interfered in the match by attacking Jack, resulting in the match being ruled out a no contest. Public Enemy then proceeded to attack Jack until Jack and Funk recovered and attacked Public Enemy. After the match, a notable event took place in which Funk and Jack led the crowd into throwing folding chairs into the ring and the audience floored dozen of chairs onto Public Enemy in the ring. Public Enemy's attack on Terry Funk at Hardcore Heaven was a continuation of their feud since Heat Wave. Their interference in Funk and Cactus Jack's main event at Hardcore Heaven resulted in Funk and Jack forming an alliance and beginning a feud with Public Enemy. On the August 16 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", a match was made between Public Enemy and the team of Funk and Jack for the ECW Tag Team Championship at NWA World Title Tournament. Funk did not appear at the event and Mikey Whipwreck substituted for him as he and Jack beat Public Enemy for the tag team titles. The Sandman and Tommy Dreamer continued their feud as the two battled in a Singapore Cane rematch on the August 30 episode of \"Hardcore TV\", which Sandman won with the help of Woman. After the match, Dreamer gladly took the ten lashes of cane from Sandman. The feud continued as Dreamer defeated Sandman in an \"I Quit\" match on the October 4 episode of \"Hardcore TV\" after Sandman was blinded when a cigarette was lit in his eyes.", "As The Public Enemy was embraced by the majority of fans, Heyman was inspired to bring in The Gangstas ( New Jack and Mustafa Saed, from Smoky Mountain Wrestling) to feud with TPE. The Gangstas immediately began a long and bloody feud with The Public Enemy, which pitted The Gangstas' \"harsh, gritty West Coast gangsta\" lifestyle against The Public Enemy's \"East Coast feel good\" style. Their feud is among the feuds most often cited as \"classic ECW\". The Public Enemy was also involved in some of ECW's most memorable moments. On one occasion, during a singles match between Cactus Jack and Terry Funk at Hardcore Heaven 1994, the Public Enemy interfered and attacked both wrestlers. Terry Funk turned to the crowd and asked the fans if he could have a chair to use. A fan immediately threw a chair into the ring, and not long after many other fans followed suit. Eventually the ring was filled with chairs with both members of The Public Enemy buried underneath. In another incident in Tampa, Florida, towards the end of their run with ECW, during the Sunshine State Slaughter event in 1995, The Public Enemy asked the fans to come into the ring to dance with them one last time. As more and more fans piled in and onto the ring, all dancing and celebrating, the ring actually collapsed. At ECW's House Party 1999 on January 16, The Public Enemy made a long-awaited and much-hyped return to the ECW Arena, in order to answer the challenge of the Dudley Boyz. At the time, they were still under contract to WCW, but they successfully brawled (with assistance from New Jack) with the Dudleys.", "Johnny Grunge Michael Lynn Durham (July 10, 1966 \u2013 February 16, 2006) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Johnny Grunge. He is known for his appearances with Eastern/Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation as one-half of the tag team The Public Enemy with Rocco Rock. In the course of his career, Grunge held championships such as the ECW World Tag Team Championship and WCW World Tag Team Championship. Grunge debuted in 1987. In 1993 in Woodbridge, New Jersey, Grunge formed a tag team in the UWF with Rocco Rock known as The Public Enemy. This was not the first time they had met though as The Public Enemy faced one another in Austria circa 1991, with Grunge (using the name \"Johnny Rotten\") losing to Rock (using the name \"Cheetah Kid\" and was masked). In 1993, The Public Enemy joined Eastern Championship Wrestling, a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania-based promotion soon to be renamed Extreme Championship Wrestling. Between March 6, 1994 and October 28, 1995, The Public Enemy held the ECW Tag Team Championship on four occasions. While in ECW, they were involved in two infamous incidents - the first when the ECW audience hurled folding chairs into the ring until The Public Enemy (both \"unconscious\") were submerged, and the second when the ECW audience invaded the ring to celebrate with The Public Enemy, with the ring collapsing as a result of the additional weight. They were known for their hardcore wrestling style and usage of tables, a gimmick that was later adopted by the Dudley Boyz.", "The Public Enemy's wrestling style was referenced in Weezer's song \"El Scorcho\"; the line \"watchin' Grunge legdrop New Jack through a press table\" was derived from a caption for a photograph of Grunge fighting wrestler New Jack that was published in \"Pro Wrestling Illustrated\". In 1996, The Public Enemy joined the Atlanta, Georgia based World Championship Wrestling promotion. They debuted on January 15, 1996, defeating The American Males. On September 23, 1996 in Birmingham, Alabama, The Public Enemy defeated Harlem Heat to win the WCW World Tag Team Championship. Harlem Heat regained the titles on October 1, 1996 in Canton, Ohio. The Public Enemy left WCW in 1999, and briefly wrestled for ECW before joining the World Wrestling Federation. Both men made their debut on the February 22, 1999 episode of \"Raw is War\", but were released from the WWF two months later. On July 18 at Bash at the Beach 1999, The Public Enemy returned to WCW and took part in the \"Junkyard Invitational\". They then returned to the independent circuit, making appearances with the X Wrestling Federation as The South Philly Posse, where they were managed by Jasmin St. Claire. In the early 2000s, Public Enemy performed for the short-lived i-Generation Superstars of Wrestling among other independent promotions. The team won various independent tag team titles. Following the death of Rocco Rock in 2002, Grunge teamed with his kayfabe brother Joey Grunge as The New Public Enemy throughout August 2003. He also made appearances with Pro-Pain Pro Wrestling (3PW), and participated in a memorial segment for deceased ECW wrestlers at \"Hardcore Homecoming\" on June 10, 2005. At the end of 2005, Grunge was preparing for a comeback.", "People Get Ready (PE 2.0 album) People Get Ready is the debut studio album of Public Enemy spin-off project PE 2.0. The album was released on October 7, 2014. As the \"next generation\" of Public Enemy, PE 2.0's philosophy is to \"take select songs from the PE catalog and cover or reVisit them\" as well as new material with members of the original Public Enemy including DJ Lord, Davy DMX, Professor Griff and Chuck D. The album includes numerous samples from the original Public Enemy and two explicit covers with new lyrics - \"What They Need\" an update of the Public Enemy track \"Gotta Give the Peeps What They Need\" from the 2002 album Revolverlution and \"Yo!\", a cover of \"Yo! Bum Rush the Show\" from Public Enemy's first album in 1987. Public Enemy frontman Chuck D also makes guest appearances on the title track \" People Get Ready\" and \"Yo!\"."], "answer": {"text": "Around 1986, Bill Stephney, the former Program Director at WBAU, was approached by Ali Hafezi and offered a position with the label.", "answer_start": 912}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Who founded the Public Enemy band?", "answer": {"text": "Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band experience success at first?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_5f538def651c4ca184396d5fc3197ebe_1_q#3", "question": "What was the name of the label?", "rewrite": "What was the name of the label Bill Stephney offered?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Mark Stephney Mark Andrew Stephney (born 12 March 1965) is a former West Indian cricketer. Stephney was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium pace. He is Montserratian, but was born in Guyana. In 2006, Montserrat were invited to take part in the 2006 Stanford 20/20, whose matches held official Twenty20 status. Stephney made his Twenty20 debut for Montserrat in their first-round match against Guyana, with their first-class opponents winning the match by 8 wickets. Stephney joint top-scored in Montserrat's innings alongside McPherson Meade, ending it unbeaten on 21. In January 2008, Montserrat were again invited to part in the 2008 Stanford 20/20, where Stephney made two further Twenty20 appearances, in a preliminary round match against the Turks and Caicos Islands and in a first round match against Nevis. Against the Turks and Caicos Islands, he bowled four wicketless over in their total of 67 all out. He wasn't required to bat in Montserrat's nine wicket victory. Against Nevis, he bowled four wicketless overs which conceded 32 runs, while in Montserrat's unsuccessful chase of 185 he was dismissed for 9 runs by Akito Willett.", "Adario Strange Adario Strange is a New York\u2013based writer, film director, and artist. He is best known for his documentary film \"The NYU Suicides\" detailing a year of strange deaths at the famed university. In recent years he was Editor-in-Chief of the weekly newspaper \"New York Press\", and a technology writer for \"Wired\", the SyFy channel, and PC Magazine. Strange was born and raised in the East Village in New York City, NY, United States. Many in the entertainment industry also know him for his work as one of the original writers and second Editor-in-Chief of \"The Source\" hip hop magazine. He also became a well-known New York radio personality at New York's Hot 97 WQHT FM, WBAU FM, and WLIB AM, as well as a record producer for Tupac Shakur. Strange also worked behind-the-scenes with Public Enemy's Bomb Squad production team with Hank Shocklee and Bill Stephney's Sound of Urban Listeners music label (aka S.O.U.L. Records) through MCA Records. In 1995, Strange published two issues of \"The N\u00fc School\", a Fort Greene, Brooklyn based magazine dedicated to poetry and jazz music. In 2001, Strange appeared in \"The New York Times\" as a leader of the digital music MP3 movement heading up FreeListen.com. Later in 2001, Strange released the book \"The Art of Secrets: Pirates, Robots, & Beats\", a compilation of his early \"The Source\" technology columns. Strange has appeared as a guest discussing youth culture and technology on ABC's \"World News Tonight\", CBS News, and PBS, and in the pages of \"The New York Times\", \"The New York Daily News\", \"Crain's New York Business\" and \"Billboard Magazine\".", "Brian Stephney Brian Christopher Stephney (born 12 October 1983) is a West Indian cricketer. Stephney is a right-handed batsman who bowls leg break googly. He is Montserratian, but was born at Suddie in Guyana. Stephney played at Under-19 level for Guyana in 2002, making four appearances. Having moved to Montserrat, he became eligible to be selected for the Leeward Islands, making his first-class debut against Jamaica in the 2004/05 Carib Beer Cup, taking what would be his only first-class wicket when he dismissed Xavier Marshall in Jamaica's first-innings. He made a second first-class appearance in that season's competition, against Barbados. In 2006, Montserrat were invited to take part in the 2006 Stanford 20/20, whose matches held official Twenty20 status. Stephney made his Twenty20 debut for Montserrat in their first-round match against Guyana, with their first-class opponents winning the match by 8 wickets. He ended Montserrat's innings of 115/8 unbeaten without scoring. In Guyana's innings, he bowled four expensive wicketless overs, conceding 39 runs. In January 2008, Montserrat were again invited to part in the 2008 Stanford 20/20, where Stephney made a further Twenty20 appearance against Nevis in the first round. In Nevis' innings, he ran out Carlon Smithen, as well as taking the wicket of Tonito Willett to finish with figures of 1/32 from four overs. In Montserrat's unsuccessful chase of 186, he was dismissed for a single run by Ian Byron.", "With the addition of Flavor Flav and another local mobile DJ named Terminator X, the group Public Enemy was born.\" According to Chuck, The S1W, which stands for Security of the First World, \"represents that the black man can be just as intelligent as he is strong. It stands for the fact that we're not third-world people, we're first-world people; we're the original people.\" Hank Shocklee came up with the name Public Enemy based on \"underdog love and their developing politics\" and the idea from Def Jam staffer Bill Stephney following the Howard Beach racial incident, Bernhard Goetz, and the death of Michael Stewart: \"The Black man is definitely the public enemy.\" Public Enemy started out as opening act for the Beastie Boys during the latter's Licensed to Ill popularity, and in 1987 released their debut album Yo! Bum Rush the Show.", "Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s. Developing his talents as an MC with Flav while delivering furniture for his father's business, Chuck D and Spectrum City, as the group was called, released the record \"Check Out the Radio\", backed by \"Lies\", a social commentary--both of which would influence RUSH Productions' Run-D.M.C. and Beastie Boys. Chuck D put out a tape to promote WBAU (the radio station where he was working at the time) and to fend off a local MC who wanted to battle him. He called the tape Public Enemy #1 because he felt like he was being persecuted by people in the local scene. This was the first reference to the notion of a public enemy in any of Chuck D's songs. The single was created by Chuck D with a contribution by Flavor Flav, though this was before the group Public Enemy was officially assembled. Around 1986, Bill Stephney, the former Program Director at WBAU, was approached by Ali Hafezi and offered a position with the label. Stephney accepted, and his first assignment was to help fledgling producer Rick Rubin sign Chuck D, whose song \"Public Enemy Number One\" Rubin had heard from Andre \"Doctor Dre\" Brown. According to the book The History of Rap Music by Cookie Lommel, \"Stephney thought it was time to mesh the hard-hitting style of Run DMC with politics that addressed black youth. Chuck recruited Spectrum City, which included Hank Shocklee, his brother Keith Shocklee, and Eric \"Vietnam\" Sadler, collectively known as the Bomb Squad, to be his production team and added another Spectrum City partner, Professor Griff, to become the group's Minister of Information."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "Who founded the Public Enemy band?", "answer": {"text": "Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s.", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did the band experience success at first?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was a highlight of their early years?", "answer": {"text": "Around 1986, Bill Stephney, the former Program Director at WBAU, was approached by Ali Hafezi and offered a position with the label.", "answer_start": 912, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af411187288149be971c6d1ce5ffb375_0_q#0", "question": "What was the critical reception for the film Hugo?", "rewrite": "What was the critical reception for the film Hugo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Crow Hill Crow Hill, also known as Charles Whiting Residence, is a historic home located at Kinderhook in Columbia County, New York. It was built in 1839 and is a -story, nearly square and symmetrical, wood-frame dwelling with clapboard siding in the Greek Revival style. It has a hipped roof with cupola centered over the main hall. It was framed with recycled parts of old barns and perhaps earlier homes. Also on the property is a 19th-century wood well house. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.", "Leominster State Forest Leominster State Forest is a publicly owned forest with recreational features covering in the Massachusetts towns of Leominster, Fitchburg, Princeton, Sterling, and Westminster. The state forest encompasses an extensive trail system, numerous small ponds, and the Crow Hills. Plants such as mountain laurel are common as is an abundance of wildlife. The forest is headquarters for Massachusetts Bureau of Forest Fire Control District 8 and is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation. The Crow Hill ledges were used by Native Americans for shelter and signaling. Artifacts in the forest include cellar holes, stonewalls, fruit trees and other remnants of Notown, an unincorporated 18th-century settlement that was annexed into adjoining municipalities in 1838. The state's first purchase at the site took place in 1922, with expansions seen in many following years including 2002. The Civilian Conservation Corps was active in the forest from 1932 to 1938, constructing a network of roads, working on the park headquarters, and developing the area at Crow Hill Pond. Forest trails for hiking, mountain biking, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling include a section of the Massachusetts Midstate Trail. Swimming is permitted at the beach on Crow Hill Pond, which has a bathhouse and picnicking area, and rock climbing takes place on the Crow Hills cliffs. Non-motorized boating is offered at Paradise Pond. Barrett's Pond and Crow Hill Pond are stocked with trout by the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. The forest also offers restricted hunting.", "Pennycook realised while working as Supermoon that a lot of the themes and music that he was producing was what he'd been doing as Meursault - he had always written and arranged his own music. The major difference in the new Meursault to the previous version of Meursault is that it is now essentially a solo project with a rotating cast of people that perform with Pennycook. A Meursault show alternates between a six piece, or just Pennycook himself. The current lineup is Neil Pennycook, Robyn Dawson, Reuben Taylor, Calum Macleod, Fraser Calder and Jayson Turner. In 2016 Meursault released the \"Simple is Good\" EP, and in 2017 released the album \"I Will Kill Again.\" In 2017, the album was shortlisted to the Top 10 in the Scottish Album of the Year Awards, as was his previous 2013 album \"Something for the Weakened\". In 2018 Meursault released a digital album \" Fuck Off Back to Art School & Other Stories\", which was part of a year long album campaign. The new album (which was prefaced by \"Fuck Off Back to Art School & Other Stories)\", will be called \"Crow Hill\". First making its live debut as part of the Made in Scotland event during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, it is now slated for release in early 2019. \"Crow Hill\" was recorded in Chamber Studio, and co produced by the owner of the studio - Graeme Young. The album was mastered by Mandy Parnell (who has worked with Radiohead, Bjork, The XX), and the artwork is produced by Pablo Clark. The album will be released through Common Grounds Records, a new label established by Graeme Young. This will be the first full length physical album not released by Song, by Toad Records.", "Crow Hill (Hamilton County, New York) Crow Hill is a mountain located in Adirondack Mountains of New York located in the Town of Indian Lake south of Indian Lake.", "The City Without Jews  Die Stadt ohne Juden (\"The City Without Jews\") is a 1924 Austrian Expressionist film by Hans Karl Breslauer, based on the book of the same title by Hugo Bettauer. The film is one of the few surviving Expressionist films from Austria and has therefore been well researched. The film was first shown on 25 July 1924 in Vienna. In his novel, published in 1922, Hugo Bettauer succeeded in creating a relatively accurate allegorical vision of the near future, although the book was intended as entertainment and as a satirical response to the primitive antisemitism of the 1920s. It immediately became Bettauer's most popular work: it was translated into several languages, and sold over a quarter of a million copies. Shortly after the premiere of the film Hugo Bettauer was murdered by Otto Rothstock, a former member of the Nazi Party, who was lionized by the antisemitic Austrian masses and was released less than two years after having been committed to a psychiatric institution. In Austria the Christian Social Party comes to power, and the new Chancellor Dr. Schwerdtfeger, a fanatical antisemite, sees his people as being ruled by the Jews. He therefore has a law passed by the National Assembly forcing all Jews to emigrate by the end of the year. The law is enthusiastically received by the non-Jewish population, and the Jews leave the country. But after a short time a sober reality makes itself felt. Cultural life becomes impoverished: in the theatres only plays by Ludwig Ganghofer and Ludwig Anzengruber are still performed. Many cafes are empty, or are converted into beer halls selling sausages. After an initial upturn, the economy declines, as business has greatly diminished, and has moved to other cities, such as Prague and Budapest. Inflation and unemployment run wild."], "answer": {"text": "The film currently holds a 94% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_af411187288149be971c6d1ce5ffb375_0_q#1", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides Hugo holding a 94% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On Metacritic, the season has a score of 85 out of 100 based on 11 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". On Rotten Tomatoes, it reports a 96% \"certified fresh\" rating with an average rating of 8.28/10 based on 23 reviews. The website consensus reads: \"\"Outlander\" returns for a second addictive season of mystery and sweeping romance as Claire and Jamie take on Paris.\" Based on five episodes for review, Marah Eakin of \"The A.V. Club\" gave it a perfect \"A\" grade and wrote, \"It's not just well-written and lovely to look at. It's downright immersive. ... \"Outlander\" feels important\u2013even moreso in its second season.\" The third season received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, the season has a score of 87 out of 100 based on 6 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Rotten Tomatoes reports a 93% \"certified fresh\" rating with an average rating of 7.93/10 based on 18 reviews. The website consensus reads: \"\"Outlander\"s epic love story returns with the same strong storytelling and an added layer of maturity.\" Based on six episodes for review, Liz Shannon Miller of IndieWire gave it an \"A\"-grade review and wrote, \"This is a show that's grown and matured since its initial premiere in ways that defied our initial expectations. \" The fourth season received positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the season has a score of 71 out of 100 based on 6 reviews, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Rotten Tomatoes reports an 89% \"certified fresh\" rating with an average rating of 7.62/10 based on 8 reviews.", "The town of Bu\u00f1ol, Spain, annually celebrates La Tomatina, a festival centered on an enormous tomato fight. Tomatoes are a popular \"nonlethal\" throwing weapon in mass protests, and there was a common tradition of throwing rotten tomatoes at bad performers on a stage during the 19th century; today this is usually referenced as a metaphor. Embracing it for this protest connotation, the Dutch Socialist party adopted the tomato as their logo. The US city of Reynoldsburg , Ohio calls itself \"The Birthplace of the Tomato\", claiming the first commercial variety of tomato was bred there in the 19th century. Several US states have adopted the tomato as a state fruit or vegetable (see above). \"Rotten Tomatoes\" is an American review-aggregation website for film and television. The name \"Rotten Tomatoes\" derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a poor stage performance. \" Rotten Tomatoes\" took the tomato metaphor further by rating films as \"Certified Fresh\" if they got a score of 75% or higher, \"Fresh\" for films with a score of 60% or higher that do not meet the requirements for the \"Certified Fresh\" seal, and \"Rotten\" for films with a score of 0\u201359% .", "The original key art for the series prominently featured a worm, a vector of the vampiric virus, burrowing into a person's eye. Following complaints from members of the public, FX announced that they would replace the artwork on several of their billboards. The first season received generally positive reviews from critics and has a Metacritic rating of 72 out of 100 based on 38 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds an 87% \"Certified Fresh\" rating with an average score of 7.6 out of 10 based on 55 reviews. Its consensus states \"\" The Strain\" makes the most of its familiar themes through an effective mix of supernatural thrills and B-movie gore \u2013 though it may not appeal to everyone\". The second season received generally positive reviews and has a Metacritic rating of 66 out of 100 based on 8 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 79% with an average score of 7.2 out of 10 based on 19 reviews. Its consensus states \" The Strain's gory action helps compensate for an unfocused narrative, while the show's political and philosophical subtext add necessary heft for adult viewers.\" The third season received generally positive reviews and has a Metacritic rating of 62 out of 100 based on 5 reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 57% with an average score of 6.1 out of 10 based on 7 reviews. The fourth season received generally positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a rating of 100% with an average score of 7.65 out of 10 based on 7 reviews.", "In 2007, Gambon appeared Michael Apted's historical drama \"Amazing Grace\" alongside Ioan Gruffudd, Romola Garai, Benedict Cumberbatch, Albert Finney, Rufus Sewell. The film focuses on William Wilberforce who led the campaign against the slave trade in the British Empire. The film is Certified Fresh according to Rotten Tomatoes with critics consensus describing the film as \"your quintessential historical biopic: stately, noble, and with plenty of electrifying performances.\" In 2010 Gambon also appeared in Tom Hooper's acclaimed historical drama \"The King's Speech\" as King George V, alongside Colin Firth, Geoffrey Rush, Helena Bonham Carter, and Guy Pearce. The film received widespread critical acclaim, with Firth's, Rush's and Carter's performance receiving universal praise. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 95% Certified Fresh with the website's critical consensus reads: \"\"Colin Firth\" gives a masterful performance in \"The King's Speech\", a predictable but stylishly produced and rousing period drama. In 2011, the film received 12 Academy Awards nominations, more than any other film in that year. The film won four Oscars including Best Picture, Director, Actor, and Adapted Screenplay. In 2012 he played a role in Dustin Hoffman's directorial debut with \"Quartet\", based on the same-titled play by Ronald Harwood and starring Maggie Smith, Tom Courtney, Billy Connolly and Pauline Collins. The film premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival to favorable reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 80% approval rating with the consensus reading, \"It's sweet, gentle, and predictable to a fault, but Dustin Hoffman's affectionate direction and the talented cast's amiable charm make Quartet too difficult to resist.\"", "On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an 84% \"certified fresh\" rating with an average score of 7.11/10, based on 43 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"Bates Motel\" utilizes mind manipulation and suspenseful fear tactics, on top of consistently sharp character work and wonderfully uncomfortable familial relationships. \" The second season also received positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic the season had a score of 67 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has a 90% \"certified fresh\" rating with an average score of 8.02/10, based on 21 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"\"Bates Motel\" reinvents a classic thriller with believable performances and distinguished writing.\" The third season of \"Bates Motel\" received a score of 72 out of 100 on Metacritic, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Rotten Tomatoes reported a 95% rating from 21 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"\"Bates Motel\" further blurs lines around TV's creepiest taboo mother/son relationship, uncomfortably darkening its already fascinating tone. \" The fourth season of \"Bates Motel\" was met with critical acclaim. Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% positive rating from 17 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"\"Bates Motel\" fulfills its menacing potential in a fourth season that confidently careens toward the mother-son duo's ghastly destiny. \" The fifth and final season of \"Bates Motel\" received a score of 81 out of 100 on Metacritic, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% rating from 21 reviews. The site's consensus reads, \"\"Bates Motel\"'s final season brings the franchise full circle, with a satisfyingly creepy conclusion to the trials and tribulations of Norman Bates.\""], "answer": {"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars,", "answer_start": 460}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the critical reception for the film Hugo?", "answer": {"text": "The film currently holds a 94% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af411187288149be971c6d1ce5ffb375_0_q#2", "question": "Did anyone else see the film", "rewrite": "Did anyone else see the film Hugo, aside from Roger Ebert?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Leominster State Forest Leominster State Forest is a publicly owned forest with recreational features covering in the Massachusetts towns of Leominster, Fitchburg, Princeton, Sterling, and Westminster. The state forest encompasses an extensive trail system, numerous small ponds, and the Crow Hills. Plants such as mountain laurel are common as is an abundance of wildlife. The forest is headquarters for Massachusetts Bureau of Forest Fire Control District 8 and is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation. The Crow Hill ledges were used by Native Americans for shelter and signaling. Artifacts in the forest include cellar holes, stonewalls, fruit trees and other remnants of Notown, an unincorporated 18th-century settlement that was annexed into adjoining municipalities in 1838. The state's first purchase at the site took place in 1922, with expansions seen in many following years including 2002. The Civilian Conservation Corps was active in the forest from 1932 to 1938, constructing a network of roads, working on the park headquarters, and developing the area at Crow Hill Pond. Forest trails for hiking, mountain biking, cross-country skiing, and snowmobiling include a section of the Massachusetts Midstate Trail. Swimming is permitted at the beach on Crow Hill Pond, which has a bathhouse and picnicking area, and rock climbing takes place on the Crow Hills cliffs. Non-motorized boating is offered at Paradise Pond. Barrett's Pond and Crow Hill Pond are stocked with trout by the Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. The forest also offers restricted hunting.", "Roger Ebert Should Lay Off the Fatty Foods \"Roger Ebert Should Lay Off the Fatty Foods\" is the eleventh episode of the second season of the American animated television series \"South Park\". The 24th episode of the series overall, it originally aired on Comedy Central in the United States on September 2, 1998. The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker, along with David Goodman, and directed by Parker. It spoofs the \"\" episode \"Dagger of the Mind\". In the episode, the boys visit a planetarium; they soon discover that the operator has sinister intentions involving brainwashing. Meanwhile, Cartman auditions to sing on the Cheesy Poofs advertisement. Despite the title, the episode has nothing to do with Roger Ebert (who had given \"South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut\" a negative review and was also critical of the show South Park), aside from a brief joke about a fictional \"Roger Ebert constellation\" during the tour of the planetarium, and another joke, obscured by other characters speaking over it, comparing the hot gas that composes stars to 'what comes out of Roger Ebert's mouth when he speaks'. The class goes on a bus trip to the local planetarium. Once arriving, Cartman is tempted by a Cheesy Poofs truck parked outside, auditioning kids to sing the Cheesy Poofs song on their next television advertisement. The kids all think they will hate the planetarium, but after watching the star show, they want to go back again after the field trip. Not only do they go back, they all start volunteering to work at the planetarium. This turns out to be because the director, Dr. Adams, is using a brainwashing device on them.", "Siskel and Ebert trademarked the phrase \"Two Thumbs Up\". In 1982 they moved from PBS to launch a similar syndicated commercial television show named \"At The Movies With Gene Siskel & Roger Ebert\". In 1986, they again moved the show to new ownership, creating \"Siskel & Ebert & The Movies\" through Buena Vista Television, part of the Walt Disney Company. After Siskel died in 1999, the producers retitled the show \"Roger Ebert & the Movies\" and used rotating co-hosts. In September 2000, \"Chicago Sun-Times\" columnist Richard Roeper became the permanent co-host and the show was renamed \"At The Movies With Ebert & Roeper\" and later \"At the Movies\". In 2005 Ebert became the first film critic to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Ebert ended his association with the Disney-owned \"At The Movies\" in July 2008, after the studio indicated it wished to take the program in a new direction. On February 18, 2009, Ebert reported that he and Roeper would soon announce a new movie-review program, and reiterated this plan after Disney announced that the program's last episode would air in August 2010. On January 31, 2009, Ebert was made an honorary life member of the Directors Guild of America. His final television series, \"\", premiered on January 21, 2011, with Ebert contributing a review voiced by Bill Kurtis in a brief segment called \"Roger's Office\", as well as featuring more traditional film reviews in the \"At The Movies\" format presented by Christy Lemire and Ignatiy Vishnevetsky. The last review he wrote was for the film \"To the Wonder\", which he gave 3.5 out of 4 stars in a review for the \"Chicago Sun-Times\". It was published on April 6, 2013.", "The website RogerEbert.com contains an archive of every review Ebert wrote, as well as many essays and opinion pieces. The site, now operated by Ebert Digital (a partnership between Chaz and friend Josh Golden), continues to publish new material written by a group of critics who were selected by Ebert before his death. Each year from 1986 to 1998, Ebert published \"Roger Ebert's Movie Home Companion\" (retitled \"Roger Ebert's Video Companion\" for its last 5 installments), which collected all of his movie reviews to that point. From 1999 to 2013 (except in 2008), Ebert instead published \"Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook\", a collection of all of his movie reviews from the previous two and a half years (for example, the 2011 edition, , covers January 2008 \u2013 July 2010.) Both series also included yearly essays, interviews, and other writings. He also wrote the following books:", "Life Itself (2014 film) Life Itself is a 2014 American biographical documentary film about Chicago film critic Roger Ebert, directed by Steve James and produced by Zak Piper, James and Garrett Basch. The film is based on Ebert's 2011 memoir of the same name. It premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was an official selection at the 67th Cannes Film Festival. The 41st Telluride Film Festival hosted a special screening of the film on August 28, 2014. Magnolia Pictures released the film theatrically in the United States and simultaneously via video on demand platforms on July 4, 2014. On December 2, 2014, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that the film was 1 of 15 films shortlisted in the Documentary Feature category for the 87th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. It was also nominated for two News & Documentary Emmy Awards, winning the award for Outstanding Editing: Documentary & Long-Form. The film makes use of footage and interviews with American film critic Roger Ebert during the final months of his life interspersed with interviews of his friends, colleagues, and family including: Chaz Ebert (his wife), Martin Scorsese, Werner Herzog, Errol Morris, and Ava DuVernay, among others. The film features clips from Ebert's popular television show with Gene Siskel, including outtakes, and their many appearances on shows like \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" and \"Late Night with David Letterman\". The film also explores the relationship between Siskel and Ebert, Roger's friendship with Russ Meyer and their collaboration on \"Beyond the Valley of the Dolls\", as well as how Roger ultimately came to transcend film criticism to become an influential cultural voice. On September 7, 2012, a film adaptation of the 2011 memoir \"Life Itself\" was first announced by Ebert on Twitter: \"Whoa!"], "answer": {"text": "Peter Rainer of The Christian Science Monitor gave it a \"B+\" grade and termed it as \"an odd mixture:", "answer_start": 839}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the critical reception for the film Hugo?", "answer": {"text": "The film currently holds a 94% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars,", "answer_start": 460, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_af411187288149be971c6d1ce5ffb375_0_q#3", "question": "Did anyone else rate the film or gave a comment on the film", "rewrite": "Besides Peter Rainer of The Christian Science Monitor, Did anyone else rate the film or gave a comment on Hugo?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Peter Rainer Peter Rainer is a German violinist, known by his activity as a concert master and performance of chamber music. He has been performing at famous music halls such as Berliner Philharmonie, Carnegie Hall in New York City, and Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles. Since 1994 he is concert master of the international chamber string orchestra I Palpiti conducted by Eduard Schmieder. 2005 Peter Rainer was honoured by the city of Los Angeles for his merits about culture. 1996-2000 Peter Rainer was the first concert master of the Brandenburg Philharmonic Orchestra Potsdam, and currently is concert master of the  Kammerakademie Potsdam. Together with eight further soloist, in 1998 he founded the Persius Ensemble, a chamber music ensemble dedicated in particular to the classical nonet  literature. In 2007 their CD with pieces of Louis Spohr, Muzio Clementi and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was elected \u201eCD of the week\u201c by Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg (RBB). In his performances as a soloist, his special attention is devoted to contemporary and rarely performed pieces of the violin literature. In 2003,  the composer Gerhard Rosenfeld wrote his 3. violin concerto for Peter Rainer. On the occasion of an homage for Volker Schl\u00f6ndorff, he founded the Merlino string quartet, distinguished by deep analysis of performance  practice. His performances with baroque violin has been inspired also by concerts together with Andrea Marcon, Giuliano Carmignola, John Holloway, Kristian Bezuidenhout and Bernhard Forck. Apart from concert performances, Peter Rainer is a committed violin teacher. Since 2007 he works as an assistant of Professor Uwe-Martin Haiberg at Universit\u00e4t der K\u00fcnste Berlin. He also conceptualized and executed particularly successful concerts for children. Peter Rainer has grown up in R\u00f6delsee in Bavaria. He started playing violin at the age of 8 years.", "The film currently holds a 94% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes based on 206 reviews, with an average score of 8.3/10. The site's main consensus reads, \"Hugo is an extravagant, elegant fantasy with an innocence lacking in many modern kids' movies, and one that emanates an unabashed love for the magic of cinema.\" Metacritic gave the film an average score of 83 out of 100, based on 41 reviews, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars, saying \"Hugo is unlike any other film Martin Scorsese has ever made, and yet possibly the closest to his heart: a big-budget, family epic in 3-D, and in some ways, a mirror of his own life. We feel a great artist has been given command of the tools and resources he needs to make a movie about--movies.\" Peter Rainer of The Christian Science Monitor gave it a \"B+\" grade and termed it as \"an odd mixture: a deeply personal impersonal movie\" and concluded that \"Hugo is a mixed bag but one well worth rummaging through.\" Christy Lemire said that it had an \"abundant love of the power of film; being a hardcore cinephile (like Scorsese) might add a layer of enjoyment, but it certainly isn't a prerequisite for walking in the door\" besides being \"slightly repetitive and overlong\". Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune rated it three stars and described it as \"rich and stimulating even when it wanders\" explaining \"every locale in Scorsese's vision of 1931 Paris looks and feels like another planet. The filmmaker embraces storybook artifice as wholeheartedly as he relays the tale's lessons in the importance of film preservation.\"", "After several years teaching at Harvard, Peel taught English and philosophy at Principia College, a Christian Science college in Elsah, Illinois, returning to Harvard in 1940 for his master's, then resuming his teaching at Principia. During World War II, he served in the South Pacific as a counter-intelligence officer for the US Army. In 1945, according to Hunter, he joined the staff of General Douglas MacArthur, who oversaw the occupation of Japan after the war; Peel taught Shigeko Higashikuni (Princess Teru), daughter of Emperor Hirohito, and her husband, Prince Morihiro Higashikuni. After the war, Peel joined the \"Christian Science Monitor\", a newspaper owned by the Christian Science church, writing editorials and book reviews, then in 1953 left the \"Monitor\" to work for The First Church of Christ, Scientist, the church's administration in Boston, where he became an advisor to the church's Committee on Publication. That year, he recorded a radio talk about Christian Science, \"Moving Mountains\", for the BBC Third Programme. First published in the \"Christian Science Monitor\", it also appeared in the BBC magazine \"The Listener\". In the article, he argued for the Christian Science view of humanity as \"spiritual rather than material, incapable of corruption and error, no more subject to annihilation than his Maker\". His first book, \"Christian Science: Its Encounter with American Culture\", was published in 1958. His extensive research into the life of Mary Baker Eddy, founder of the Christian Science church, culminated in his biographical trilogy, \"Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Discovery\" (1966), \"Mary Baker Eddy:", "Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 71% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 173 reviews and an average score of 6.5/10, making the film \"Certified Fresh\" on the website's rating system. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film received an average score of 68 based on 35 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\". Peter Rainer of \"The Christian Science Monitor\" gave the film a positive review, praising both Hopkins and Gosling's performances, noting that \"although Hopkins obviously has played a variation on this role before, his Ted is more playfully malevolent than Hannibal Lecter ever was\". About the film itself, he stated: \"The plot's many complications pretty much all add up, which is a rarity these days for a murder mystery. It's possible that audiences don't even care anymore if a film makes sense as long as it's entertaining\". Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" also gave the film a positive review, and like Rainer, he praised the performances of Hopkins and Gosling, noting that \"the two actors \"are terrific\"\". He also stated that \"\"Fracture\" is working on us, playing us, but that's its pleasure. It makes overwrought manipulation seem more than a basic instinct.\" Scott Foundas of \"The Village Voice\" gave the film a positive review, praising Gosling's performance, stating: \"Gosling is the kind of actor who makes other actors look lazy. He is Brando at the time of \"Streetcar\", or Nicholson in \"Five Easy Pieces\", and altogether one of the more remarkable happenings at the movies today.\"", "Westbrook said that Crowe and Bale are \"at the top of their game\" and \"Crowe is reliably charismatic as a man who's less craven and bloodthirsty than wise, resourceful and expedient.\" Shawn Levy of \"The Oregonian\" gave the film a \"B+\" and said the film is \"grounded in something like the credible realism of a John Ford Western but which also can appease the thirsts for blood, wit and tension harbored by fans of Quentin Tarantino. \" Levy wrote \"The original film spends much time on conversation between Wade and Evans and focuses more on Evans' wife, whereas the new film has more action sequences and is infused subtly with themes that echo vexing contemporary political and moral issues.\" Levy said \"Christian Bale gives us another of his wounded, desperate, stubborn men\" and \"Russell Crowe fills a role originated by Glenn Ford with a big dose of the mocking charisma, cool discernment and casual cruelty of Robert Mitchum.\" Levy said the climax \"sews up the narrative too quickly\", but called the film \"a fine and sturdy picture.\" \"Christian Science Monitor\" critic Peter Rainer gave the film a \"B+\" and wrote \"what Alfred Hitchcock once said about thrillers also applies to Westerns: The stronger the bad guy, the better the film. By that measure, \"3:10 to Yuma\" is excellent. \" Comparing the film to the 1957 film, Rainer wrote that the film \"is larger in scope than its predecessor, and significantly altered in its ending, but essentially it's the same old morality play.\" Rainer said the \"drippy father-son stuff is the least successful aspect of the movie.\""], "answer": {"text": "Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune rated it three stars", "answer_start": 1315}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What was the critical reception for the film Hugo?", "answer": {"text": "The film currently holds a 94% \"Certified Fresh\" rating on aggregate review site Rotten Tomatoes", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars,", "answer_start": 460, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did anyone else see the film", "answer": {"text": "Peter Rainer of The Christian Science Monitor gave it a \"B+\" grade and termed it as \"an odd mixture:", "answer_start": 839, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d44fa8c4470c4e7ab11ef7cb97ab7b5d_1_q#0", "question": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "rewrite": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a February 2012 interview with \"Vice\" magazine, Pussy Riot member \"Serafima\" named her major feminist influences as Simone de Beauvoir, Andrea Dworkin, Emmeline Pankhurst, Shulamith Firestone, Kate Millett, Rosi Braidotti and Judith Butler. Pussy Riot saw themselves as feminist artists who were influenced by the riot grrrl movement and musical groups such as Bikini Kill, Oi!, Cockney Rejects and by writers, activists and artists like Alexandra Kollontai, Judith Butler, Karen Finley, Simone de Beauvoir and Vladimir Bukovsky. The media tended to overlook the meaning behind Pussy Riot's feminism; the cultural context of it was vastly different from that of Western feminism. According to Elianna Kan in the \"American Reader,\" Pussy Riot's feminism focused on the repression of authoritarian regimes that created idealised ideas of sexism, sex and family life. Pussy Riot strove to make it clear that feminism in Russia was still an issue and that post-feminism had not been achieved. The Russian cultural context had to be acknowledged and its feminist notions had to be seen differently from those of Western feminism because in places such as the United States, feminism evolved to general \"women's issues\", whereas in Russia that was not the case. In Russia feminism was seen as something \"that could destroy Russia,\" as said by Kirill, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church. Pussy Riot members were outspoken in their support of LGBT rights, and in a 2012 interview confirmed that the group included at least one member of a sexual minority. Both Tolokonnikova and Samutsevich participated in the banned 2011 Gay Pride rally in Moscow, and were briefly detained after the rally was broken up by police.", "Judith Butler's \"Gender Trouble\", Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's \"Epistemology of the Closet\", and David Halperin's \"One Hundred Years of Homosexuality\" inspired other works. Teresa de Lauretis, Judith Butler, and Eve Sedgwick arranged much of the conceptual base for the emerging field in the 1990s. Along with other queer theorists, these three outlined a political hermeneutics, which emphasized representation. These scholars questioned whether people of varying sexual orientations had the same political goals, and whether those in the sexual minority felt that they could be represented along with others of different sexualities and orientations. \"While some critics insist that queer theory is apolitical word-smithery, de Lauretis, Butler, and Sedgwick take seriously the role that signs and symbols play in shaping the meanings and possibilities of our culture at the most basic level, including politics conventionally defined.\" Queer theory has increasingly been applied not just to contemporary sexualities and identities but also to practices and identities in earlier time periods. Examination of Renaissance culture and literature, for example, has generated significant scholarship in the past 20 years. Queer theory is grounded in gender and sexuality. Due to this association, a debate emerges as to whether sexual orientation is natural or essential to the person, as an essentialist believes, or if sexuality is a social construction and subject to change. The essentialist feminists believed that genders \"have an essential nature (e.g. nurturing and caring versus being aggressive and selfish), as opposed to differing by a variety of accidental or contingent features brought about by social forces\". Due to this belief in the essential nature of a person, it is also natural to assume that a person's sexual preference would be natural and essential to a person's personality.", "When she met Jacques Derrida at a symposium and he asked her name, she introduced herself as \"Metaphysics\", and he later wrote that he \"found this little game rather clever.\" She subsequently studied with Derrida and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cixous in Paris. She went on to help introduce Derrida to American audiences by translating his essay on Kafka's \"Before the Law\", his essay on the law of gender/genre, his lectures on Nietzsche's relation to biography, and a number of other works. Ronell became a close friend of poet and novelist Pierre Alf\u00e9ri, who later influenced Ronell in the titling of several of her major works. A professor at the University of Virginia for a short time period, Ronell claims she was fired because she taught continental philosophy and \"went to the gym on a regular basis: [her] colleagues were shocked by this\u2014it didn't correspond to their image of an academic woman!\" She joined the comparative literature faculty at the University of California, Riverside and then at University of California, Berkeley where she taught with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Jean-Luc Nancy and Judith Butler. She was a close friend of the writer Kathy Acker and identified with Acker's fiction, saying they were \"destined to each other.\" In 1996, she moved to New York University, where she co-taught a course with Jacques Derrida until 2004. In 2009, the Centre Pompidou invited Ronell to hold an interview series with such artists and thinkers as Werner Herzog, Judith Butler, Dennis Cooper, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Suzanne Doppelt. Also in 2009, she began co-teaching courses with Slavoj \u017di\u017eek.", "Considerable feeling on the part of the parents - a breakfast at the atelier \u2013 lasting most of the afternoon. Frequent showers, champagne and gaiety - \u2026 Dinner and evening at the Monet's - bride and groom left at 7:3 for the Paris train.\" The event was also immortalized in a painting by Theodore Robinson titled \"The Wedding March\". Butler became a key player and link between the American Colony and Claude Monet. The Butler family organized many dinners such as one held October 25, 1892 with Robinson, Hale, Hart and Marthe Hosched\u00e9. \"I'm making great culinary preparations for the winter. \" Butler decided to buy an orchard and built a new house. \"We, Suzanne and Jimmy and I wish that you were here we'd like to see you first rate. I have been working some, about half as much as I should - perhaps less - We are building a house back of Peggy's in that little orchard you must remember. Said house is to be a wonder of elegance and taste - You will see it next year perhaps.\" Butler participated in the publication and conception of the \"Courier Innocent\". He did the cover and illustrated many pages. Butler painted a series of his own family: son Jimmy Butler born in 1893, and daughter Lilly Butler born in 1894. Those paintings included series' entitled \"The Bath\", \"After the Bath\", and \"Playing with Jimmy\". Butler developed his own impressionist style with light palettes and loose brushstrokes, reminiscent of works done by \u00c9douard Vuillard and Pierre Bonnard. From his garden he painted landscapes showing the church of Giverny, \"The Demoiselles\" (small haystacks) and the grain stacks. After a lingering illness, Suzanne Hoschede died in 1899. Thereafter most of Butler's paintings were landscapes.", "Not everything is meant to be a performance, but everything, from performing arts to politics and economics, can be studied as performance. A related concept that emphasizes the political aspect of performance and its exercise of power is performativity. It is associated with philosopher and gender theorist Judith Butler. It is an anti-essentialist theory of subjectivity in which a performance of the self is repeated and dependent upon a social audience. In this way, these unfixed and precarious performances come to have the appearance of substance and continuity. A key theoretical point that was most radical in regards to theories of subjectivity and performance is that there is no performer behind the performance. Butler derived this idea from Nietzsche's concept of \"no doer behind the deed. \" This is to say that there is no self before the performance of the self, but rather that the performance has constitutive powers. This is how categories of the self for Judith Butler, such as gender, are seen as something that one \"does,\" rather than something one \"is.\" In the 1970s, Pierre Bourdieu introduced the concept of 'habitus' or regulated improvisation, in a reaction against the structuralist notion of culture as a system of rules (Bourdieu 1972). Culture in his perspective undergoes a shift from 'a productive to a reproductive social order in which simulations and models constitute the world so that the distinction between real and appearance becomes erased'. Though Bourdieu himself does not often employ the term 'performance', the notion of the bodily habitus as a formative site has been a source of inspiration for performance theorists. The cultural historian Peter Burke suggested using the term 'occasionalism' to stress the implication of the idea of performance that '[...] on different occasions or in different situations the same person behaves in different ways'."], "answer": {"text": "Cleveland, Ohio,", "answer_start": 26}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d44fa8c4470c4e7ab11ef7cb97ab7b5d_1_q#1", "question": "when was he born?", "rewrite": "When was Judith Butler born?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a February 2012 interview with \"Vice\" magazine, Pussy Riot member \"Serafima\" named her major feminist influences as Simone de Beauvoir, Andrea Dworkin, Emmeline Pankhurst, Shulamith Firestone, Kate Millett, Rosi Braidotti and Judith Butler. Pussy Riot saw themselves as feminist artists who were influenced by the riot grrrl movement and musical groups such as Bikini Kill, Oi!, Cockney Rejects and by writers, activists and artists like Alexandra Kollontai, Judith Butler, Karen Finley, Simone de Beauvoir and Vladimir Bukovsky. The media tended to overlook the meaning behind Pussy Riot's feminism; the cultural context of it was vastly different from that of Western feminism. According to Elianna Kan in the \"American Reader,\" Pussy Riot's feminism focused on the repression of authoritarian regimes that created idealised ideas of sexism, sex and family life. Pussy Riot strove to make it clear that feminism in Russia was still an issue and that post-feminism had not been achieved. The Russian cultural context had to be acknowledged and its feminist notions had to be seen differently from those of Western feminism because in places such as the United States, feminism evolved to general \"women's issues\", whereas in Russia that was not the case. In Russia feminism was seen as something \"that could destroy Russia,\" as said by Kirill, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church. Pussy Riot members were outspoken in their support of LGBT rights, and in a 2012 interview confirmed that the group included at least one member of a sexual minority. Both Tolokonnikova and Samutsevich participated in the banned 2011 Gay Pride rally in Moscow, and were briefly detained after the rally was broken up by police.", "Considerable feeling on the part of the parents - a breakfast at the atelier \u2013 lasting most of the afternoon. Frequent showers, champagne and gaiety - \u2026 Dinner and evening at the Monet's - bride and groom left at 7:3 for the Paris train.\" The event was also immortalized in a painting by Theodore Robinson titled \"The Wedding March\". Butler became a key player and link between the American Colony and Claude Monet. The Butler family organized many dinners such as one held October 25, 1892 with Robinson, Hale, Hart and Marthe Hosched\u00e9. \"I'm making great culinary preparations for the winter. \" Butler decided to buy an orchard and built a new house. \"We, Suzanne and Jimmy and I wish that you were here we'd like to see you first rate. I have been working some, about half as much as I should - perhaps less - We are building a house back of Peggy's in that little orchard you must remember. Said house is to be a wonder of elegance and taste - You will see it next year perhaps.\" Butler participated in the publication and conception of the \"Courier Innocent\". He did the cover and illustrated many pages. Butler painted a series of his own family: son Jimmy Butler born in 1893, and daughter Lilly Butler born in 1894. Those paintings included series' entitled \"The Bath\", \"After the Bath\", and \"Playing with Jimmy\". Butler developed his own impressionist style with light palettes and loose brushstrokes, reminiscent of works done by \u00c9douard Vuillard and Pierre Bonnard. From his garden he painted landscapes showing the church of Giverny, \"The Demoiselles\" (small haystacks) and the grain stacks. After a lingering illness, Suzanne Hoschede died in 1899. Thereafter most of Butler's paintings were landscapes.", "Not everything is meant to be a performance, but everything, from performing arts to politics and economics, can be studied as performance. A related concept that emphasizes the political aspect of performance and its exercise of power is performativity. It is associated with philosopher and gender theorist Judith Butler. It is an anti-essentialist theory of subjectivity in which a performance of the self is repeated and dependent upon a social audience. In this way, these unfixed and precarious performances come to have the appearance of substance and continuity. A key theoretical point that was most radical in regards to theories of subjectivity and performance is that there is no performer behind the performance. Butler derived this idea from Nietzsche's concept of \"no doer behind the deed. \" This is to say that there is no self before the performance of the self, but rather that the performance has constitutive powers. This is how categories of the self for Judith Butler, such as gender, are seen as something that one \"does,\" rather than something one \"is.\" In the 1970s, Pierre Bourdieu introduced the concept of 'habitus' or regulated improvisation, in a reaction against the structuralist notion of culture as a system of rules (Bourdieu 1972). Culture in his perspective undergoes a shift from 'a productive to a reproductive social order in which simulations and models constitute the world so that the distinction between real and appearance becomes erased'. Though Bourdieu himself does not often employ the term 'performance', the notion of the bodily habitus as a formative site has been a source of inspiration for performance theorists. The cultural historian Peter Burke suggested using the term 'occasionalism' to stress the implication of the idea of performance that '[...] on different occasions or in different situations the same person behaves in different ways'.", "Judith Butler's \"Gender Trouble\", Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's \"Epistemology of the Closet\", and David Halperin's \"One Hundred Years of Homosexuality\" inspired other works. Teresa de Lauretis, Judith Butler, and Eve Sedgwick arranged much of the conceptual base for the emerging field in the 1990s. Along with other queer theorists, these three outlined a political hermeneutics, which emphasized representation. These scholars questioned whether people of varying sexual orientations had the same political goals, and whether those in the sexual minority felt that they could be represented along with others of different sexualities and orientations. \"While some critics insist that queer theory is apolitical word-smithery, de Lauretis, Butler, and Sedgwick take seriously the role that signs and symbols play in shaping the meanings and possibilities of our culture at the most basic level, including politics conventionally defined.\" Queer theory has increasingly been applied not just to contemporary sexualities and identities but also to practices and identities in earlier time periods. Examination of Renaissance culture and literature, for example, has generated significant scholarship in the past 20 years. Queer theory is grounded in gender and sexuality. Due to this association, a debate emerges as to whether sexual orientation is natural or essential to the person, as an essentialist believes, or if sexuality is a social construction and subject to change. The essentialist feminists believed that genders \"have an essential nature (e.g. nurturing and caring versus being aggressive and selfish), as opposed to differing by a variety of accidental or contingent features brought about by social forces\". Due to this belief in the essential nature of a person, it is also natural to assume that a person's sexual preference would be natural and essential to a person's personality.", "When she met Jacques Derrida at a symposium and he asked her name, she introduced herself as \"Metaphysics\", and he later wrote that he \"found this little game rather clever.\" She subsequently studied with Derrida and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cixous in Paris. She went on to help introduce Derrida to American audiences by translating his essay on Kafka's \"Before the Law\", his essay on the law of gender/genre, his lectures on Nietzsche's relation to biography, and a number of other works. Ronell became a close friend of poet and novelist Pierre Alf\u00e9ri, who later influenced Ronell in the titling of several of her major works. A professor at the University of Virginia for a short time period, Ronell claims she was fired because she taught continental philosophy and \"went to the gym on a regular basis: [her] colleagues were shocked by this\u2014it didn't correspond to their image of an academic woman!\" She joined the comparative literature faculty at the University of California, Riverside and then at University of California, Berkeley where she taught with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, Jean-Luc Nancy and Judith Butler. She was a close friend of the writer Kathy Acker and identified with Acker's fiction, saying they were \"destined to each other.\" In 1996, she moved to New York University, where she co-taught a course with Jacques Derrida until 2004. In 2009, the Centre Pompidou invited Ronell to hold an interview series with such artists and thinkers as Werner Herzog, Judith Butler, Dennis Cooper, Jean-Luc Nancy, and Suzanne Doppelt. Also in 2009, she began co-teaching courses with Slavoj \u017di\u017eek."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "answer": {"text": "Cleveland, Ohio,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d44fa8c4470c4e7ab11ef7cb97ab7b5d_1_q#2", "question": "Who were his parents?", "rewrite": "Who were Judith Butler's parents?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In a February 2012 interview with \"Vice\" magazine, Pussy Riot member \"Serafima\" named her major feminist influences as Simone de Beauvoir, Andrea Dworkin, Emmeline Pankhurst, Shulamith Firestone, Kate Millett, Rosi Braidotti and Judith Butler. Pussy Riot saw themselves as feminist artists who were influenced by the riot grrrl movement and musical groups such as Bikini Kill, Oi!, Cockney Rejects and by writers, activists and artists like Alexandra Kollontai, Judith Butler, Karen Finley, Simone de Beauvoir and Vladimir Bukovsky. The media tended to overlook the meaning behind Pussy Riot's feminism; the cultural context of it was vastly different from that of Western feminism. According to Elianna Kan in the \"American Reader,\" Pussy Riot's feminism focused on the repression of authoritarian regimes that created idealised ideas of sexism, sex and family life. Pussy Riot strove to make it clear that feminism in Russia was still an issue and that post-feminism had not been achieved. The Russian cultural context had to be acknowledged and its feminist notions had to be seen differently from those of Western feminism because in places such as the United States, feminism evolved to general \"women's issues\", whereas in Russia that was not the case. In Russia feminism was seen as something \"that could destroy Russia,\" as said by Kirill, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church. Pussy Riot members were outspoken in their support of LGBT rights, and in a 2012 interview confirmed that the group included at least one member of a sexual minority. Both Tolokonnikova and Samutsevich participated in the banned 2011 Gay Pride rally in Moscow, and were briefly detained after the rally was broken up by police.", "Judith Butler's \"Gender Trouble\", Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's \"Epistemology of the Closet\", and David Halperin's \"One Hundred Years of Homosexuality\" inspired other works. Teresa de Lauretis, Judith Butler, and Eve Sedgwick arranged much of the conceptual base for the emerging field in the 1990s. Along with other queer theorists, these three outlined a political hermeneutics, which emphasized representation. These scholars questioned whether people of varying sexual orientations had the same political goals, and whether those in the sexual minority felt that they could be represented along with others of different sexualities and orientations. \"While some critics insist that queer theory is apolitical word-smithery, de Lauretis, Butler, and Sedgwick take seriously the role that signs and symbols play in shaping the meanings and possibilities of our culture at the most basic level, including politics conventionally defined.\" Queer theory has increasingly been applied not just to contemporary sexualities and identities but also to practices and identities in earlier time periods. Examination of Renaissance culture and literature, for example, has generated significant scholarship in the past 20 years. Queer theory is grounded in gender and sexuality. Due to this association, a debate emerges as to whether sexual orientation is natural or essential to the person, as an essentialist believes, or if sexuality is a social construction and subject to change. The essentialist feminists believed that genders \"have an essential nature (e.g. nurturing and caring versus being aggressive and selfish), as opposed to differing by a variety of accidental or contingent features brought about by social forces\". Due to this belief in the essential nature of a person, it is also natural to assume that a person's sexual preference would be natural and essential to a person's personality.", "Not everything is meant to be a performance, but everything, from performing arts to politics and economics, can be studied as performance. A related concept that emphasizes the political aspect of performance and its exercise of power is performativity. It is associated with philosopher and gender theorist Judith Butler. It is an anti-essentialist theory of subjectivity in which a performance of the self is repeated and dependent upon a social audience. In this way, these unfixed and precarious performances come to have the appearance of substance and continuity. A key theoretical point that was most radical in regards to theories of subjectivity and performance is that there is no performer behind the performance. Butler derived this idea from Nietzsche's concept of \"no doer behind the deed. \" This is to say that there is no self before the performance of the self, but rather that the performance has constitutive powers. This is how categories of the self for Judith Butler, such as gender, are seen as something that one \"does,\" rather than something one \"is.\" In the 1970s, Pierre Bourdieu introduced the concept of 'habitus' or regulated improvisation, in a reaction against the structuralist notion of culture as a system of rules (Bourdieu 1972). Culture in his perspective undergoes a shift from 'a productive to a reproductive social order in which simulations and models constitute the world so that the distinction between real and appearance becomes erased'. Though Bourdieu himself does not often employ the term 'performance', the notion of the bodily habitus as a formative site has been a source of inspiration for performance theorists. The cultural historian Peter Burke suggested using the term 'occasionalism' to stress the implication of the idea of performance that '[...] on different occasions or in different situations the same person behaves in different ways'.", "Writing for the New Statesman, Stephen Howe complains that 'Spivak is so bewilderingly eclectic, so prone to juxtapose diverse notions without synthesis, that ascribing a coherent position to her on any question is extremely difficult'. Judith Butler responded directly to Eagleton by claiming that, unlike Eagleton's habit of writing introductory texts that 'recirculate received opinion', Spivak 'gives us the political landscape of culture in its obscurity and proximity'. She adds that Spivak's supposedly complex language has resonated with and profoundly changed the thinking of \"tens of thousands of activists and scholars.\" In May 2018, Spivak signed a collective letter to New York University to defend Avital Ronell against the charge of sexual abuse from NYU graduate student Nimrod Reitman. Spivak and the other signatories called the case a \"legal nightmare\" for Ronell and charged Reitman with conducting a \"malicious campaign\" against her. Judith Butler, the chief signatory, subsequently apologized for certain aspects of the letter. NYU ultimately found Ronell guilty of sexual harassment, and suspended her for a year.", "As is mentioned in several interviews and articles, Alexandre Baril is known to be the first trans person to be hired by a Canadian university to teach on gender and sexual diversity in French. In 2011, Baril received the \"Lana St-Cyr award\" from the Aide aux transsexuels et transsexuelles du Qu\u00e9bec (ATQ) in recognition of the major role he played in organizing the first trans protest in Quebec history on June 17th, 2010 in Montreal. At the time, Baril was involved in PolitiQ-queer solidaire, an activist group fighting against all forms of heterosexist and cissexist oppression and exclusion in Quebec. Nearly 200 people gathered for the 2010 demonstration, which included community organizations advocating for the rights of trans people and leading public figures from legal, academic, and political sectors. The protesters demanded changes be made to Quebec\u2019s existing regulations requiring those seeking gender marker changes to their civil status to undergo forced sterilization, as well as more accessible ways of changing one\u2019s name. Alexandre Baril attended the Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy with a minor in theology (2000-2003) as well as a master\u2019s degree in philosophy (2003-2005) from the department of philosophy and applied ethics. He received the highest distinction for his thesis, titled: \"Judith Butler and Postmodern Feminism: A Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis of a Controversial School of Thought\", and has since published many articles on Judith Butler\u2019s political philosophy based on this work. After completing his master\u2019s degree, Baril pursued a doctoral degree in philosophy (2006-2010) from the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (UQAM) where he completed all program requirements other than the dissertation."], "answer": {"text": "family of Hungarian-Jewish and Russian-Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust.", "answer_start": 48}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "answer": {"text": "Cleveland, Ohio,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d44fa8c4470c4e7ab11ef7cb97ab7b5d_1_q#3", "question": "Did he have any siblings?", "rewrite": "Did Judith Butler have any siblings?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Shulamith Firestone, in \"The Dialectic of Sex\" calls Freudianism the misguided feminism and discusses how Freudianism is \"almost\" completely accurate, with the exception of one crucial detail: everywhere that Freud writes \"penis\", the word should be replaced with \"power\". Critics such as Elizabeth Grosz accuse Jacques Lacan of maintaining a sexist tradition in psychoanalysis. Others, such as Judith Butler, Bracha L. Ettinger and Jane Gallop have used Lacanian work, though in a critical way, to develop gender theory. According to J. B. Marchand, \"The gender studies and queer theory are rather reluctant, hostile to see the psychoanalytic approach.\" For Jean-Claude Guillebaud, gender studies (and activists of sexual minorities) \"besieged\" and consider psychoanalysis and psychoanalysts as \"the new priests, the last defenders of the genital normality, morality, moralism or even obscurantism\". Judith Butler's worries about the psychoanalytic outlook under which sexual difference is \"undeniable\" and pathologizing any effort to suggest that it is not so paramount and unambiguous ...\". According to Daniel Beaune and Caterina Rea, the gender-studies \"often criticized psychoanalysis to perpetuate a family and social model of patriarchal, based on a rigid and timeless version of the parental order\". Psychoanalytically oriented French feminism focused on visual and literary theory all along. Virginia Woolf's legacy as well as \"Adrienne Rich's call for women's revisions of literary texts, and history as well, has galvanized a generation of feminist authors to reply with texts of their own\".", "Not everything is meant to be a performance, but everything, from performing arts to politics and economics, can be studied as performance. A related concept that emphasizes the political aspect of performance and its exercise of power is performativity. It is associated with philosopher and gender theorist Judith Butler. It is an anti-essentialist theory of subjectivity in which a performance of the self is repeated and dependent upon a social audience. In this way, these unfixed and precarious performances come to have the appearance of substance and continuity. A key theoretical point that was most radical in regards to theories of subjectivity and performance is that there is no performer behind the performance. Butler derived this idea from Nietzsche's concept of \"no doer behind the deed. \" This is to say that there is no self before the performance of the self, but rather that the performance has constitutive powers. This is how categories of the self for Judith Butler, such as gender, are seen as something that one \"does,\" rather than something one \"is.\" In the 1970s, Pierre Bourdieu introduced the concept of 'habitus' or regulated improvisation, in a reaction against the structuralist notion of culture as a system of rules (Bourdieu 1972). Culture in his perspective undergoes a shift from 'a productive to a reproductive social order in which simulations and models constitute the world so that the distinction between real and appearance becomes erased'. Though Bourdieu himself does not often employ the term 'performance', the notion of the bodily habitus as a formative site has been a source of inspiration for performance theorists. The cultural historian Peter Burke suggested using the term 'occasionalism' to stress the implication of the idea of performance that '[...] on different occasions or in different situations the same person behaves in different ways'.", "Judith Butler's \"Gender Trouble\", Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's \"Epistemology of the Closet\", and David Halperin's \"One Hundred Years of Homosexuality\" inspired other works. Teresa de Lauretis, Judith Butler, and Eve Sedgwick arranged much of the conceptual base for the emerging field in the 1990s. Along with other queer theorists, these three outlined a political hermeneutics, which emphasized representation. These scholars questioned whether people of varying sexual orientations had the same political goals, and whether those in the sexual minority felt that they could be represented along with others of different sexualities and orientations. \"While some critics insist that queer theory is apolitical word-smithery, de Lauretis, Butler, and Sedgwick take seriously the role that signs and symbols play in shaping the meanings and possibilities of our culture at the most basic level, including politics conventionally defined.\" Queer theory has increasingly been applied not just to contemporary sexualities and identities but also to practices and identities in earlier time periods. Examination of Renaissance culture and literature, for example, has generated significant scholarship in the past 20 years. Queer theory is grounded in gender and sexuality. Due to this association, a debate emerges as to whether sexual orientation is natural or essential to the person, as an essentialist believes, or if sexuality is a social construction and subject to change. The essentialist feminists believed that genders \"have an essential nature (e.g. nurturing and caring versus being aggressive and selfish), as opposed to differing by a variety of accidental or contingent features brought about by social forces\". Due to this belief in the essential nature of a person, it is also natural to assume that a person's sexual preference would be natural and essential to a person's personality.", "Writing for the New Statesman, Stephen Howe complains that 'Spivak is so bewilderingly eclectic, so prone to juxtapose diverse notions without synthesis, that ascribing a coherent position to her on any question is extremely difficult'. Judith Butler responded directly to Eagleton by claiming that, unlike Eagleton's habit of writing introductory texts that 'recirculate received opinion', Spivak 'gives us the political landscape of culture in its obscurity and proximity'. She adds that Spivak's supposedly complex language has resonated with and profoundly changed the thinking of \"tens of thousands of activists and scholars.\" In May 2018, Spivak signed a collective letter to New York University to defend Avital Ronell against the charge of sexual abuse from NYU graduate student Nimrod Reitman. Spivak and the other signatories called the case a \"legal nightmare\" for Ronell and charged Reitman with conducting a \"malicious campaign\" against her. Judith Butler, the chief signatory, subsequently apologized for certain aspects of the letter. NYU ultimately found Ronell guilty of sexual harassment, and suspended her for a year.", "As is mentioned in several interviews and articles, Alexandre Baril is known to be the first trans person to be hired by a Canadian university to teach on gender and sexual diversity in French. In 2011, Baril received the \"Lana St-Cyr award\" from the Aide aux transsexuels et transsexuelles du Qu\u00e9bec (ATQ) in recognition of the major role he played in organizing the first trans protest in Quebec history on June 17th, 2010 in Montreal. At the time, Baril was involved in PolitiQ-queer solidaire, an activist group fighting against all forms of heterosexist and cissexist oppression and exclusion in Quebec. Nearly 200 people gathered for the 2010 demonstration, which included community organizations advocating for the rights of trans people and leading public figures from legal, academic, and political sectors. The protesters demanded changes be made to Quebec\u2019s existing regulations requiring those seeking gender marker changes to their civil status to undergo forced sterilization, as well as more accessible ways of changing one\u2019s name. Alexandre Baril attended the Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy with a minor in theology (2000-2003) as well as a master\u2019s degree in philosophy (2003-2005) from the department of philosophy and applied ethics. He received the highest distinction for his thesis, titled: \"Judith Butler and Postmodern Feminism: A Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis of a Controversial School of Thought\", and has since published many articles on Judith Butler\u2019s political philosophy based on this work. After completing his master\u2019s degree, Baril pursued a doctoral degree in philosophy (2006-2010) from the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (UQAM) where he completed all program requirements other than the dissertation."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "answer": {"text": "Cleveland, Ohio,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "family of Hungarian-Jewish and Russian-Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d44fa8c4470c4e7ab11ef7cb97ab7b5d_1_q#4", "question": "Where did he go to school?", "rewrite": "Where did Judith Butler go to school?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Isabell Lorey Isabell Lorey () is a political theorist at the European Institute for Progressive Cultural Policies and professor at the Institute for Political Science at the University of Kassel. In 1996, Lorey graduated from the University of T\u00fcbingen. Her dissertation, which focused on subjectivity construction in the philosophy of Judith Butler as well as its political and theoretical implications for feminist theory, later became her first book. Prior to her professorship at the University of Kassel, Lorey taught at the Center for Gender Studies at the University of Basel, the Humboldt University Berlin, the University of Vienna, and the Berlin University of the Arts, where she held a C1-professorship in gender and postcolonial studies, working with Katharina Sieverding. Lorey is also an editor of the Viennese publishing house transversal texts. Lorey's writings have covered a number of different issues in the domain of political theory; however, her work primarily addresses the subjects of precarity, biopolitics, neoliberalism, social movements, most notably Euromayday, and critical theory. Published in 2015, \"State of Insecurity: Government of the Precarious\" connects the notion of precarity with governmentality, arguing that the former has become definitive of the way in which modern states govern. Lorey proposes a tripartite definition of the term 'precarious' arguing that it is composed of three dimensions: precariousness, precarity and governmental precarization. ' Precariousness' draws conceptually on both Judith Butler and Jean-Luc Nancy's writings, and is defined by Lorey as a shared quality among both human and non-human beings.", "In a February 2012 interview with \"Vice\" magazine, Pussy Riot member \"Serafima\" named her major feminist influences as Simone de Beauvoir, Andrea Dworkin, Emmeline Pankhurst, Shulamith Firestone, Kate Millett, Rosi Braidotti and Judith Butler. Pussy Riot saw themselves as feminist artists who were influenced by the riot grrrl movement and musical groups such as Bikini Kill, Oi!, Cockney Rejects and by writers, activists and artists like Alexandra Kollontai, Judith Butler, Karen Finley, Simone de Beauvoir and Vladimir Bukovsky. The media tended to overlook the meaning behind Pussy Riot's feminism; the cultural context of it was vastly different from that of Western feminism. According to Elianna Kan in the \"American Reader,\" Pussy Riot's feminism focused on the repression of authoritarian regimes that created idealised ideas of sexism, sex and family life. Pussy Riot strove to make it clear that feminism in Russia was still an issue and that post-feminism had not been achieved. The Russian cultural context had to be acknowledged and its feminist notions had to be seen differently from those of Western feminism because in places such as the United States, feminism evolved to general \"women's issues\", whereas in Russia that was not the case. In Russia feminism was seen as something \"that could destroy Russia,\" as said by Kirill, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church. Pussy Riot members were outspoken in their support of LGBT rights, and in a 2012 interview confirmed that the group included at least one member of a sexual minority. Both Tolokonnikova and Samutsevich participated in the banned 2011 Gay Pride rally in Moscow, and were briefly detained after the rally was broken up by police.", "Not everything is meant to be a performance, but everything, from performing arts to politics and economics, can be studied as performance. A related concept that emphasizes the political aspect of performance and its exercise of power is performativity. It is associated with philosopher and gender theorist Judith Butler. It is an anti-essentialist theory of subjectivity in which a performance of the self is repeated and dependent upon a social audience. In this way, these unfixed and precarious performances come to have the appearance of substance and continuity. A key theoretical point that was most radical in regards to theories of subjectivity and performance is that there is no performer behind the performance. Butler derived this idea from Nietzsche's concept of \"no doer behind the deed. \" This is to say that there is no self before the performance of the self, but rather that the performance has constitutive powers. This is how categories of the self for Judith Butler, such as gender, are seen as something that one \"does,\" rather than something one \"is.\" In the 1970s, Pierre Bourdieu introduced the concept of 'habitus' or regulated improvisation, in a reaction against the structuralist notion of culture as a system of rules (Bourdieu 1972). Culture in his perspective undergoes a shift from 'a productive to a reproductive social order in which simulations and models constitute the world so that the distinction between real and appearance becomes erased'. Though Bourdieu himself does not often employ the term 'performance', the notion of the bodily habitus as a formative site has been a source of inspiration for performance theorists. The cultural historian Peter Burke suggested using the term 'occasionalism' to stress the implication of the idea of performance that '[...] on different occasions or in different situations the same person behaves in different ways'.", "Judith Butler's \"Gender Trouble\", Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's \"Epistemology of the Closet\", and David Halperin's \"One Hundred Years of Homosexuality\" inspired other works. Teresa de Lauretis, Judith Butler, and Eve Sedgwick arranged much of the conceptual base for the emerging field in the 1990s. Along with other queer theorists, these three outlined a political hermeneutics, which emphasized representation. These scholars questioned whether people of varying sexual orientations had the same political goals, and whether those in the sexual minority felt that they could be represented along with others of different sexualities and orientations. \"While some critics insist that queer theory is apolitical word-smithery, de Lauretis, Butler, and Sedgwick take seriously the role that signs and symbols play in shaping the meanings and possibilities of our culture at the most basic level, including politics conventionally defined.\" Queer theory has increasingly been applied not just to contemporary sexualities and identities but also to practices and identities in earlier time periods. Examination of Renaissance culture and literature, for example, has generated significant scholarship in the past 20 years. Queer theory is grounded in gender and sexuality. Due to this association, a debate emerges as to whether sexual orientation is natural or essential to the person, as an essentialist believes, or if sexuality is a social construction and subject to change. The essentialist feminists believed that genders \"have an essential nature (e.g. nurturing and caring versus being aggressive and selfish), as opposed to differing by a variety of accidental or contingent features brought about by social forces\". Due to this belief in the essential nature of a person, it is also natural to assume that a person's sexual preference would be natural and essential to a person's personality.", "As is mentioned in several interviews and articles, Alexandre Baril is known to be the first trans person to be hired by a Canadian university to teach on gender and sexual diversity in French. In 2011, Baril received the \"Lana St-Cyr award\" from the Aide aux transsexuels et transsexuelles du Qu\u00e9bec (ATQ) in recognition of the major role he played in organizing the first trans protest in Quebec history on June 17th, 2010 in Montreal. At the time, Baril was involved in PolitiQ-queer solidaire, an activist group fighting against all forms of heterosexist and cissexist oppression and exclusion in Quebec. Nearly 200 people gathered for the 2010 demonstration, which included community organizations advocating for the rights of trans people and leading public figures from legal, academic, and political sectors. The protesters demanded changes be made to Quebec\u2019s existing regulations requiring those seeking gender marker changes to their civil status to undergo forced sterilization, as well as more accessible ways of changing one\u2019s name. Alexandre Baril attended the Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy with a minor in theology (2000-2003) as well as a master\u2019s degree in philosophy (2003-2005) from the department of philosophy and applied ethics. He received the highest distinction for his thesis, titled: \"Judith Butler and Postmodern Feminism: A Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis of a Controversial School of Thought\", and has since published many articles on Judith Butler\u2019s political philosophy based on this work. After completing his master\u2019s degree, Baril pursued a doctoral degree in philosophy (2006-2010) from the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al (UQAM) where he completed all program requirements other than the dissertation."], "answer": {"text": "she attended both Hebrew school and special classes on Jewish ethics,", "answer_start": 197}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "answer": {"text": "Cleveland, Ohio,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "family of Hungarian-Jewish and Russian-Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d44fa8c4470c4e7ab11ef7cb97ab7b5d_1_q#5", "question": "Where did she graduate from?", "rewrite": "Where did Judith Butler graduate from after attending Hebrew school and special classes on Jewish ethics?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["ArtScroll translates the word as \"censure\" in Psalms 50:17. Examples of medieval Musar literature include:  Halakhic (legal) writings of the Middle Ages are also important texts for Jewish ethics. Important sources of Jewish ethical law include Maimonides' Mishneh Torah (12th century) and Joseph Karo and Moses Isserles's Shulkhan Arukh (16th century), especially the section of that code titled \"Choshen Mishpat.\" A wide array of topics on ethics are also discussed in medieval responsa literature. In the modern period, Jewish ethics sprouted many offshoots, partly due to developments in modern ethics and partly due to the formation of Jewish denominations. Trends in modern Jewish normative ethics include:   Academic scholars of Judaism have also engaged in descriptive Jewish ethics, the study of Jewish moral practices and theory, which is situated more in the disciplines of history and the social sciences than in \"ethics\" proper (see Newman 1998). In 2003, the Society of Jewish Ethics was founded as the academic organization \"dedicated to the promotion of scholarly work in the field of Jewish ethics. \" The Society promotes both normative research (the field of ethics proper) and descriptive (historical/social scientific) research. The writings attributed to the Biblical prophets exhort all people to lead a righteous life. Kindness to the needy, benevolence, faith, compassion for the suffering, a peace-loving disposition, and a truly humble and contrite spirit, are the virtues which the Prophets hold up for emulation. Civic loyalty, even to a foreign ruler, is urged as a duty (Jer. 29:7).", "Jewish ethics Jewish ethics is the moral philosophy of the Jewish religion or the Jewish people. As a type of normative ethics, Jewish ethics may involve issues in Jewish law as well as non-legal issues, and may involve the convergence of Judaism and the Western philosophical tradition of ethics. In early rabbinic Judaism, the oral Torah both interpreted the Hebrew Bible and engaged in novel topics. Ethics is a key aspect of this legal literature, known as the literature of halakhah. The best known rabbinic text associated with ethics is the non-legal Mishnah tractate of \"Avot\" (\u201cforefathers\u201d), commonly translated as \u201cEthics of the Fathers\u201d. Similar ethical teachings are found throughout more legally oriented portions of the Mishnah, Talmud and other rabbinic literature. Generally, ethics is a key aspect of non-legal rabbinic literature, known as aggadah. This early rabbinic ethics shows signs of ideological and polemical exchange with the Greek (Western philosophical) ethical tradition. In the medieval period, direct Jewish responses to Greek ethics may be seen in major rabbinic writings. Notably, Maimonides offers a Jewish interpretation of Aristotle (e.g., \"Nicomachean Ethics\"), who enters into Jewish discourse through Islamic writings. Maimonides, in turn, influences Thomas Aquinas, a dominant figure in Christian ethics and the natural law tradition of moral theology. The relevance of natural law to medieval Jewish philosophy is a matter of dispute among scholars. Medieval and early modern rabbis also created a pietistic tradition of Jewish ethics. This ethical tradition was given expression through musar literature, which presents virtues and vices in a didactic, methodical way. The Hebrew term \"musar\", while literally derived from a word meaning \"discipline\" or \"correction,\" is usually translated as ethics or morals.", "First grade is sometimes referred to as \"grade aleph\", corresponding to the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet. During these years, students build on a variety of skills and knowledge they have learned as youngsters while learning new skills like reading Hebrew, reciting common prayers such as the Shema and V'ahavta, and learning by heart the blessings over the candles, wine and bread. Furthermore, students learn the concept of tzedakah (charity), become acquainted with Jewish rituals and customs, and gain a better understanding of Jewish history and the land of Israel. Classes may also include lessons on Jewish ethics and morality. In the earlier years of Hebrew school, children will explore God, spirituality and ethics. For example, God is one, God created the world, and God brought us out of Egypt. In order to make Hebrew school a fun atmosphere for learning, and to teach children the mitzvot of Judaism, children will bake challah for Shabbat, have class in a \"sukkah\" during Sukkot, or light candles during Hanukkah. These experiences teach children about the holidays and mitzvot better than just reading about them. One of the most important events to take place during Jewish education is the celebration of the Bar and Bat Mitzvah. Bar/ Bat Mitzvah education begins in the 6th and 7th grade, when students are provided with an instructor \u2013 usually a rabbi or cantor \u2013 and begin studying their torah and haftorah portion by learning to use tropes, or \"a system for chanting sacred texts. \" Oftentimes children will attend Hebrew school with the sole purpose of learning how to read Hebrew for their Bar/Bat Mitzvah. In these cases, the students will mostly learn the Hebrew words that are in the Torah portion they will be reciting.", "Judith Butler was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to a family of Hungarian-Jewish and Russian-Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust. As a child and teenager, she attended both Hebrew school and special classes on Jewish ethics, where she received her \"first training in philosophy\". Butler stated in a 2010 interview with Haaretz that she began the ethics classes at the age of 14 and that they were created as a form of punishment by her Hebrew school's Rabbi because she was \"too talkative in class\". Butler also stated that she was \"thrilled\" by the idea of these tutorials, and when asked what she wanted to study in these special sessions, she responded with three questions preoccupying her at the time: \"Why was Spinoza excommunicated from the synagogue? Could German Idealism be held accountable for Nazism? And how was one to understand existential theology, including the work of Martin Buber?\" Butler attended Bennington College and then Yale University where she studied philosophy, receiving her B.A. in 1978 and her Ph.D. in 1984. She spent one academic year at Heidelberg University as a Fulbright-Scholar. She taught at Wesleyan University, George Washington University, and Johns Hopkins University before joining University of California, Berkeley, in 1993. In 2002 she held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam. In addition, she joined the department of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University as Wun Tsun Tam Mellon Visiting Professor of the Humanities in the spring semesters of 2012, 2013 and 2014 with the option of remaining as full-time faculty. Butler serves on the editorial board or advisory board of academic journals including JAC: A Journal of Rhetoric, Culture, and Politics and Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.", "In her book, \"Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation\", Tova Hartman offers experiential insight on the intersections of modern feminism and Jewish Tradition. Hartman provides three stances that she claims \"may be relevant, resonant, and helpful in cultivating a strong feminist position vis-\u00e1-vis the traditional Jewish canon,\": affirmation, rejection and reinterpretation. Her juxtaposition of feminist readings of Freud and alternative feminist readings of Orthodox Judaism allows Hartman to emphasize the utility and necessity of reinterpretation and revision in her own attempt at re-engagement. Jewish ethics is the intersection of Judaism and the philosophical discipline of ethics. Most Jewish ethical texts derive from the Hebrew Bible. For centuries, the biblical literature has served as a \"primary source for the development of Jewish moral concepts and ethical reflection\". Tracing back to ancient rabbinic Judaism, scholars have sought to develop ethics and a moral code of conduct based on their understanding of the written Torah. Pirkei Avot, a compilation of ethical teachings in the Talmud, was written by the rabbis of the MishnaicMishnaic period. It outlines the Torah's views on ethics and interpersonal relationships and it is the only part of the Talmud not containing laws. Jewish ethics continued to expand in the Middle Ages as great Jewish thinkers including Moses Maimonides, Saadya Gaon, and Bahya ben Joseph ibn Paquda greatly contributed to moral Jewish thought. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Jewish ethics flourished, in part due to the development of the different denominations or branches of Judaism. There are many different scholars who have influenced contemporary Jewish ethics including Hermann Cohen, Martin Buber, and Emmanuel Levinas. Still, in recent decades, the interpretation and reinterpretation of Jewish ethics continues to be a source of debate among scholars."], "answer": {"text": "Butler attended Bennington College and then Yale University where she studied philosophy, receiving her B.A. in 1978 and her Ph.D. in 1984.", "answer_start": 944}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "answer": {"text": "Cleveland, Ohio,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "family of Hungarian-Jewish and Russian-Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "she attended both Hebrew school and special classes on Jewish ethics,", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d44fa8c4470c4e7ab11ef7cb97ab7b5d_1_q#6", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Besides attending Hebrew school, special classes in Jewish ethics, Bennington College and Yale University, are there any other interesting aspects about Judith Butler in this article?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["First grade is sometimes referred to as \"grade aleph\", corresponding to the first letter in the Hebrew alphabet. During these years, students build on a variety of skills and knowledge they have learned as youngsters while learning new skills like reading Hebrew, reciting common prayers such as the Shema and V'ahavta, and learning by heart the blessings over the candles, wine and bread. Furthermore, students learn the concept of tzedakah (charity), become acquainted with Jewish rituals and customs, and gain a better understanding of Jewish history and the land of Israel. Classes may also include lessons on Jewish ethics and morality. In the earlier years of Hebrew school, children will explore God, spirituality and ethics. For example, God is one, God created the world, and God brought us out of Egypt. In order to make Hebrew school a fun atmosphere for learning, and to teach children the mitzvot of Judaism, children will bake challah for Shabbat, have class in a \"sukkah\" during Sukkot, or light candles during Hanukkah. These experiences teach children about the holidays and mitzvot better than just reading about them. One of the most important events to take place during Jewish education is the celebration of the Bar and Bat Mitzvah. Bar/ Bat Mitzvah education begins in the 6th and 7th grade, when students are provided with an instructor \u2013 usually a rabbi or cantor \u2013 and begin studying their torah and haftorah portion by learning to use tropes, or \"a system for chanting sacred texts. \" Oftentimes children will attend Hebrew school with the sole purpose of learning how to read Hebrew for their Bar/Bat Mitzvah. In these cases, the students will mostly learn the Hebrew words that are in the Torah portion they will be reciting.", "Judith Butler was born in Cleveland, Ohio, to a family of Hungarian-Jewish and Russian-Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust. As a child and teenager, she attended both Hebrew school and special classes on Jewish ethics, where she received her \"first training in philosophy\". Butler stated in a 2010 interview with Haaretz that she began the ethics classes at the age of 14 and that they were created as a form of punishment by her Hebrew school's Rabbi because she was \"too talkative in class\". Butler also stated that she was \"thrilled\" by the idea of these tutorials, and when asked what she wanted to study in these special sessions, she responded with three questions preoccupying her at the time: \"Why was Spinoza excommunicated from the synagogue? Could German Idealism be held accountable for Nazism? And how was one to understand existential theology, including the work of Martin Buber?\" Butler attended Bennington College and then Yale University where she studied philosophy, receiving her B.A. in 1978 and her Ph.D. in 1984. She spent one academic year at Heidelberg University as a Fulbright-Scholar. She taught at Wesleyan University, George Washington University, and Johns Hopkins University before joining University of California, Berkeley, in 1993. In 2002 she held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam. In addition, she joined the department of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University as Wun Tsun Tam Mellon Visiting Professor of the Humanities in the spring semesters of 2012, 2013 and 2014 with the option of remaining as full-time faculty. Butler serves on the editorial board or advisory board of academic journals including JAC: A Journal of Rhetoric, Culture, and Politics and Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.", "Jewish ethics Jewish ethics is the moral philosophy of the Jewish religion or the Jewish people. As a type of normative ethics, Jewish ethics may involve issues in Jewish law as well as non-legal issues, and may involve the convergence of Judaism and the Western philosophical tradition of ethics. In early rabbinic Judaism, the oral Torah both interpreted the Hebrew Bible and engaged in novel topics. Ethics is a key aspect of this legal literature, known as the literature of halakhah. The best known rabbinic text associated with ethics is the non-legal Mishnah tractate of \"Avot\" (\u201cforefathers\u201d), commonly translated as \u201cEthics of the Fathers\u201d. Similar ethical teachings are found throughout more legally oriented portions of the Mishnah, Talmud and other rabbinic literature. Generally, ethics is a key aspect of non-legal rabbinic literature, known as aggadah. This early rabbinic ethics shows signs of ideological and polemical exchange with the Greek (Western philosophical) ethical tradition. In the medieval period, direct Jewish responses to Greek ethics may be seen in major rabbinic writings. Notably, Maimonides offers a Jewish interpretation of Aristotle (e.g., \"Nicomachean Ethics\"), who enters into Jewish discourse through Islamic writings. Maimonides, in turn, influences Thomas Aquinas, a dominant figure in Christian ethics and the natural law tradition of moral theology. The relevance of natural law to medieval Jewish philosophy is a matter of dispute among scholars. Medieval and early modern rabbis also created a pietistic tradition of Jewish ethics. This ethical tradition was given expression through musar literature, which presents virtues and vices in a didactic, methodical way. The Hebrew term \"musar\", while literally derived from a word meaning \"discipline\" or \"correction,\" is usually translated as ethics or morals.", "Bennington College Bennington College is a private liberal arts college in Bennington, Vermont, founded in 1932. Originally a women's college , it became co-educational in 1969. It was the first college to include visual and performing arts as an equal partner in the liberal arts curriculum. It is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. The planning for the establishment of Bennington College began in 1924 and took nine years to be realized. While many people were involved, the four central figures in the founding of Bennington were Vincent Ravi Booth, Mr. and Mrs. Hall Park McCullough, and William Heard Kilpatrick. A Women's Committee, headed by Mrs. Hall Park McCullough, organized the Colony Club Meeting in 1924, which brought together some 500 civic leaders and educators from across the country. As a result of the Colony Club Meeting, a charter was secured and a board of trustees formed for Bennington College. One of the trustees, John Dewey, helped shape many of the College's signature programs such as The Plan Process and Field Work Term through his educational principles. In 1928, six years before the College would begin, Robert Devore Leigh was recruited by the Bennington College executive committee to serve as the first president of Bennington. Leigh presided over the forging of Bennington's structure and its early operation. In 1929 Leigh authored the Bennington College Prospectus which outlined the \"Bennington idea.\" The first class of eighty-seven women arrived on campus in 1932. The College was the first to include the visual and performing arts as full-fledged elements of the liberal arts curriculum. Every year since the College began in 1932, every Bennington College student has engaged in internships and volunteer opportunities each winter term.", "In her book, \"Feminism Encounters Traditional Judaism: Resistance and Accommodation\", Tova Hartman offers experiential insight on the intersections of modern feminism and Jewish Tradition. Hartman provides three stances that she claims \"may be relevant, resonant, and helpful in cultivating a strong feminist position vis-\u00e1-vis the traditional Jewish canon,\": affirmation, rejection and reinterpretation. Her juxtaposition of feminist readings of Freud and alternative feminist readings of Orthodox Judaism allows Hartman to emphasize the utility and necessity of reinterpretation and revision in her own attempt at re-engagement. Jewish ethics is the intersection of Judaism and the philosophical discipline of ethics. Most Jewish ethical texts derive from the Hebrew Bible. For centuries, the biblical literature has served as a \"primary source for the development of Jewish moral concepts and ethical reflection\". Tracing back to ancient rabbinic Judaism, scholars have sought to develop ethics and a moral code of conduct based on their understanding of the written Torah. Pirkei Avot, a compilation of ethical teachings in the Talmud, was written by the rabbis of the MishnaicMishnaic period. It outlines the Torah's views on ethics and interpersonal relationships and it is the only part of the Talmud not containing laws. Jewish ethics continued to expand in the Middle Ages as great Jewish thinkers including Moses Maimonides, Saadya Gaon, and Bahya ben Joseph ibn Paquda greatly contributed to moral Jewish thought. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Jewish ethics flourished, in part due to the development of the different denominations or branches of Judaism. There are many different scholars who have influenced contemporary Jewish ethics including Hermann Cohen, Martin Buber, and Emmanuel Levinas. Still, in recent decades, the interpretation and reinterpretation of Jewish ethics continues to be a source of debate among scholars."], "answer": {"text": "She taught at Wesleyan University, George Washington University, and Johns Hopkins University", "answer_start": 1161}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where was Judith Butler born?", "answer": {"text": "Cleveland, Ohio,", "answer_start": 26, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "when was he born?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who were his parents?", "answer": {"text": "family of Hungarian-Jewish and Russian-Jewish descent. Most of her maternal grandmother's family perished in the Holocaust.", "answer_start": 48, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have any siblings?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he go to school?", "answer": {"text": "she attended both Hebrew school and special classes on Jewish ethics,", "answer_start": 197, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did she graduate from?", "answer": {"text": "Butler attended Bennington College and then Yale University where she studied philosophy, receiving her B.A. in 1978 and her Ph.D. in 1984.", "answer_start": 944, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_1_q#0", "question": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "rewrite": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["His business manager, lawyer and agent was childhood friend Perry Rogers, but they have been estranged since 2008. In 2009, he and Graf signed with CAA. Agassi used Prince Graphite rackets early in his career. He signed a $7 million endorsement contract with Belgian tennis racquet makers Donnay. He later switched to Head Ti Radical racket and Head's LiquidMetal Radical racket, having signed a multimillion-dollar endorsement deal with Head in 1993. He renewed his contract in 1999, and in November 2003 he signed a lifetime agreement with Head. He also endorses Penn tennis balls. On July 25, 2005, Agassi left Nike after 17 years and signed an endorsement deal with Adidas. A major reason for Agassi leaving Nike was because Nike refused to donate to Agassi's charities, and Adidas was more than happy to do so. On May 13, 2013, Agassi rejoined Nike. Agassi was sponsored by DuPont, Ebel, Mountain Dew in 1993, Mazda in 1997, Kia Motors in 2002, American Express and Deutsche Bank in 2003. In 1990, he appeared in a television commercial for Canon Inc., promoting the Canon EOS Rebel camera. Between 1999 and 2000, he signed a multimillion-dollar, multiyear endorsement deal with Schick and became the worldwide spokesman for the company. Agassi signed a multiyear contract with Twinlab and promoted the company's nutritional supplements. In mid-2003, he was named the spokesman of Aramis Life, a fragrance by Aramis, and signed a five-year deal with the company. In March 2004, he signed a ten-year agreement worth $1.5 million a year with 24 Hour Fitness, which will open five Andre Agassi fitness centers by year-end.", "Played by Farrah Forke, Alex is a helicopter pilot who moves to Nantucket to start her own helicopter tour business. She had previously flown U.S. Army Apache helicopters in Desert Storm. It is also discovered that she had posed for \"Playboy\". Though she initially rebuffs the amorous attentions of both Hackett brothers, she eventually falls for Brian's boyish charms. She and Brian live together briefly, but after Brian spends a wild night in New York with Joe and an old friend, Alex throws him out of the apartment and leaves Nantucket for good. She returns a season later to resolve some of the bitterness in their breakup; she and Brian briefly get back together before they both decide it is best to go their separate ways. (Season 6\u20138) Played by Amy Yasbeck, Casey is Helen's older sister. She returns to Nantucket after being abandoned by her husband, Stuart Davenport (played by John Ritter, who was Yasbeck's real life partner and later husband), but despite having grown up there she has difficulty adjusting her upper crust tastes and sensibilities to a working class life on the small island. Antonio falls madly in love with Casey, but she takes little notice of him. Unlike Helen, Casey dropped her southern accent when she moved to Nantucket. After she and Brian spend the better part of a season sniping at each other, they end up having sex the night before Joe and Helen's wedding. Afterward they find themselves unable to stay away from each other, having a passionate affair; while Joe and Helen are on their honeymoon, Casey's bra lands on the hearth of the lit fireplace and leads to Helen's house burning down. Her relationship with Brian cools after that, but they maintain a friendship.", "Brian Wilson (baseball) Brian Patrick Wilson (born March 16, 1982) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers. He stands tall and weighs . Wilson pitched collegiately at Louisiana State University. His college career ended during his junior season, when he injured his elbow and underwent Tommy John surgery. The San Francisco Giants selected him in the 2003 draft. He reached the major leagues in 2006 and had become the Giants' regular closer by the end of 2007. In , he led the Majors with 48 saves which tied the franchise single season record while posting a 1.81 ERA, and he saved clinching games at every level of the playoffs, including the World Series. In the first week of the 2012 season, Wilson injured his elbow and subsequently underwent his second Tommy John surgery. He completed his recovery midway through the 2013 season and signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers, pitching effectively with them as a late-inning reliever through the playoffs. However, he was not able to continue his success in 2014, and the Dodgers released him after that season. Wilson is known for his large black beard, which he began growing during the 2010 pennant race. Wilson's entrance at home games accompanied by the song \"Jump Around\" was popular with fans. Wilson was born in Winchester, Massachusetts on March 16, 1982. While he was in second grade, he moved to Londonderry, New Hampshire. Today, he talks little of his childhood except to discuss his father, Mike Wilson, who was an Air Force veteran and a demanding perfectionist. During fall, he would have Brian bag leaves and bury them in the woods; and in winter, he would have Brian spend seven hours shoveling snow on weekends. Brian said in a 2011 interview, \"I think that's how you need to be raised.", "Donnay (sports) Donnay Sports is a sporting goods brand by Sports Direct International. The company was founded in 1910 by Emile Donnay and was based in Couvin, Belgium. Donnay manufactured wooden tennis rackets from 1934, and by the 1970s was the largest manufacturer of tennis rackets in the world. However, the company failed to adapt to the new market for graphite rackets, and entered administration in 1988. After a succession of owners, the brand was eventually sold to Sports Direct, who continue to license the use of the brand worldwide. Donnay rackets were used professionally in Europe by Bj\u00f6rn Borg from 1975 until his retirement in 1983. Other professionals included Andre Agassi, Rod Laver and Greg Rusedski. The company was founded in 1910 by Emile Donnay (1885 - 1972) as a wooden tool handle manufacturing co-operative with six employees. Emile Donnay had little education and a modest background. The company began to diversify into other wooden products, including a bow for archers, which continues to be reflected in the Donnay bow-shaped logo. In 1924 Donnay built premises in Couvin. The company manufactured its first tennis rackets in 1934. In the early 1950s the company won a valuable contract to produce tennis rackets for Wilson. By 1969 Donnay was the world's largest manufacturer of tennis rackets. By the early 1970s, Donnay was producing 2 million rackets a year, 1.3 million of which were shipped to Wilson for distribution. Production suffered in 1973, when Wilson relocated its tennis racket production to Taiwan. In 1981 Donnay produced 1.8 million rackets, almost all made from ash. The company failed to adapt to the changing market for the new lightweight graphite rackets. The company produced only 3,000 graphite rackets in 1980, instead concentrating on wood and aluminium rackets.", "Unlike a conventional racket, it does not contain strings strung across an open frame. This is called either a paddle, racket, or a bat, with usage differing by region. In the USA the term \"paddle\" is common, in Europe the term is \"bat\", and the official ITTF term is \"racket.\" Table Tennis racket specs are defined at the ITTF handbook section 2.04 and currently include the following. Popular lawn tennis rackets vary primarily in length, weight, balance point, stiffness, beam thickness, string pattern, string density, and head size. They generally conform to unofficial standards that differ from past rackets. Currently, almost all adult rackets produced by companies such as Prince Sports, Yonex, Wilson, Babolat , Dunlop Sport, Head, Tecnifibre, and V\u00f6lkl are made from a graphite composite. Those made from wood (the original racket frame row material), steel, fiberglass, or aluminium are considered obsolete, although those materials are technically legal for play. Inexpensive rackets often have poor performance characteristics such as excessive flexibility and inadequate weight. No recent manufacturers use single-throated beams, although Prince tried to reintroduce the single throat design in the 1990s: the only professional who used one was Mirjana Lu\u010di\u0107. Braided graphite rackets were considered high-end until recently and molded rackets have been the norm for some time. Molding is less expensive to manufacture and offer high stiffness. Graphite-composite rackets are today's industry standard in professional tennis. For length, is normally the junior racket range, while is for stronger more physically-mature players. Some are also available at lengths of . The Gamma Big Bubba was produced with a length but it is no longer legal in that length."], "answer": {"text": "Lewes, East Sussex.", "answer_start": 449}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_1_q#1", "question": "What is the name of his wife", "rewrite": "What is the name of Patrick O'Brian's wife?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Claude Patrick Claude Patrick (born June 14, 1980) is a Canadian retired mixed martial artist. Patrick most recently competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), fighting in their Welterweight division. Claude Patrick was born and raised in Mississauga, Ontario, just outside Toronto. His parents are from Jamaica. Patrick's martial arts journey started with karate at the age of thirteen. His parents signed him up for three months, then he took up Muay Thai and jiu-jitsu, and has been using those styles ever since. He went to school at Port Credit Secondary School in Mississauga. Patrick made his professional debut in 2002. He has fought for smaller promotions including King of the Cage Canada, The Fight Club and the International Fight League. In 2006 he moved to Montreal, Quebec for 8 months to train with Georges St-Pierre. Before signing with the UFC, he amassed a career of 11 wins and 1 loss. In March 2010, the UFC announced it had signed Patrick to a four-fight contract. He made his UFC debut on against Ricardo Funch on June 12, 2010 at UFC 115. In the second round, Patrick submitted his opponent with a guillotine choke. Patrick next defeated TUF 9 winner James Wilks via unanimous decision at UFC 120 on October 16, 2010. Patrick faced Daniel Roberts on April 30, 2011 at UFC 129. Patrick won via unanimous decision in a close fight after winning the first two rounds. Patrick replaced an injured Rory MacDonald at UFC 140 and faced Brian Ebersole, losing for the first time in the UFC via split decision. Patrick was expected to face James Head on July 21, 2012 at . However, Patrick was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Brian Ebersole.", "You Can Play  You Can Play is a social activism campaign dedicated to the eradication of homophobia in sports, centered on the slogan, \"If you can play, you can play. \" The campaign was launched on March 4, 2012, by its three co-founders: Patrick Burke (a scout for the Philadelphia Flyers and son of former Toronto Maple Leafs GM Brian Burke), Brian Kitts, and Glenn Witman (both of GForce Sports). The campaign was precipitated by the death of Brendan Burke, son of Brian and brother of Patrick. You Can Play is an official partner of the National Hockey League. The current executive director of the organization is Wade Davis. Prior to his death, Brendan Burke was known for his efforts to combat homophobia in hockey. Brendan, a student manager for the Miami University RedHawks hockey team, came out publicly in 2009 as an openly gay man through an article written for ESPN.com by John Buccigross. Brendan appeared with father Brian on the Canadian channel TSN during an intermission of a nationally televised hockey game to discuss his sexuality and his father's acceptance. Brendan said, \"I think it's important my story is told to people because there are a lot of gay athletes out there and gay people working in pro sports that deserve to know there are safe environments where people are supportive regardless of your sexual orientation. \" Brendan died in a car crash on February 5, 2010. He was 21 years old. Brian and Patrick continued to combat homophobia in the NHL after Brendan's death; Patrick, along with Brian Kitts and Glenn Witman, founded You Can Play as a tribute to his brother. The name You Can Play originates from a piece Patrick Burke wrote for outsports.com.", "Following his romantic failures, he talks with Spencer, his friend from Southend, who tells him that he is in legal trouble. Brian invites him to a party before he has to face the judge. During the party, Patrick insults Spencer's upbringing and belittles him. Spencer hits Patrick in the face and disrupts the event. Afterwards, Brian shares a drink with Rebecca and tries to apologise for his own behaviour. However, Rebecca still feels Brian loves Alice and encourages him to follow his heart and tell Alice how he feels. He takes her advice and arrives at Alice's flat to declare his love, but discovers Spencer there. Excited by his violent behaviour at the party, Alice had invited him back. Brian feels betrayed by them both, since he had told Spencer how he felt about Alice. Brian gets depressed and struggles with concentrating during \"University Challenge\" practices and his studies, threatening his university place. Patrick becomes frustrated with Brian, and as they arrive for their \"University Challenge\" match, berates him for his lack of focus. Brian head butts Patrick in response, but only ends up knocking himself unconscious. He is revived backstage by Rebecca who has come to watch the show and gives him encouragement before he is escorted to the set. However, as he is being brought back to his team, Brian is briefly left with an open envelope containing the quiz questions. He reads one of the cards before putting it back in the envelope, and, inspired by the relative ease of the question, rejoins his team. The match starts off poorly, with nerves clearly getting to Patrick as he fails to answer several questions and puts the team in a hole. Brian slowly but surely digs them out of it, getting into his swing as he answers question after question.", "Patrick again tries to communicate with Kathie, showing her which parts of his body he can feel; he sports an erection when she reaches his genitals. Cassidy catches Kathie but, while not sacking her, warns her to not entertain theories about Patrick's consciousness as she continues caring for him. Kathie returns to her apartment to find that Ed has cleaned up the mess and fixed her dinner. Ed handles a hot casserole dish and severely burns his hands, but says he didn't feel a thing. One night, Patrick possesses Kathie while she is typing and uses her to communicate a lewd and threatening message. He also takes over the typewriter to write an algebra equation she doesn't recognise. Meanwhile, Ed drops by the hospital with a bouquet and is lured into the broken lift by Patrick, who traps him inside. Kathie realizes he has psychic powers, but Brian is reluctant to take her claims seriously. When Brian makes an inquiry about examining Patrick, Cassidy sacks Kathie. After Roget subjects Patrick to electroconvulsive therapy, he uses the typewriter to tell Kathie that the hospital staff is trying to kill him. Kathie and Brian sneak into the hospital at night to examine Patrick. While this happens, Patrick compels Cassidy to return to the hospital, but she relents in opening the door to his room while they subject him to strobe lights. After the two leave, Patrick possesses Cassidy and causes her to fatally electrocute herself in the basement, then turns his head to look at a frightened nurse. Kathie is questioned about the blackout and is present when Cassidy's body is discovered. She persuades the investigating officer, Detective Sergeant Grant (Wilson), to speak to Brian about Patrick's abilities, but both men dismiss her claims that Patrick murdered the matron.", "Peter hosts the first meeting of the association, but it is unsuccessful due to those attending were making too much noise, such as breathing heavily, farting, and munching junk food the entire way through. Believing Patrick to be sane, Lois authorizes his release, and arranges for Patrick to stay with the family. Patrick soon announces he has a wife, Marion, although she is imaginary and nobody else other than him can see her. This leads Brian and Stewie to believe he is crazy. Lois attempts to overlook the evidence, and instead tries to persuade Peter not to encourage people to be fat. Later Peter unintentionally frightens Patrick by dressing up like Ralph Kramden and repeatedly using one of Kramden's catchphrases \"Pow, right in the kisser!\" which brings back memories of Gleason telling him to get out. This triggers Patrick to start killing fat people. Lois' father, Carter, calls her and tells her how violent Patrick is, but she assures him Patrick is safe, although she becomes worried after seeing on the news that a fat man has been murdered. Lois remains in denial as more murders are committed, even though Brian tries to convince her that Patrick is the killer. Peter brings the fat men back to his home to protect them, but after learning from Brian that Patrick is the killer, a chase between the fat men and Patrick ensues. Brian, still at the house, shows Patrick's room to Lois, where several of his victims are either deceased or had been left for dead, and photographic evidence of Patrick killing them. Lois continues to make exaggerated excuses, still wanting to believe her brother is a nice person, but ultimately she snaps out of her denial and realizes that Patrick is a threat. Lois and Brian pursue Patrick and Peter into the woods, where Patrick is strangling Peter."], "answer": {"text": "wife Mary Wicksteed Tolstoy", "answer_start": 755}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Lewes, East Sussex.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_1_q#2", "question": "Aside from writing what other job he does?", "rewrite": "Aside from writing, what other job does Patrick O'Brian do?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Brian's a Bad Father \"Brian's a Bad Father\" is the eleventh episode of the twelfth season of the animated comedy series \"Family Guy\" and the 221st episode overall. It aired on Fox in the United States and Canada on January 26, 2014, and is directed by Jerry Langford and written by Chris Sheridan. In the episode, Brian's human son, Dylan, returns, now a teen TV star. Rather than being a good father to his estranged son, Brian uses his son's television connections to further his own writing career. Meanwhile, after Peter shoots Quagmire on a hunting trip, the two friends clash and Joe must choose a side. Brian's overlooked and neglected teenage son Dylan returns to Quahog. While Dylan tries to reconnect with his father, Brian tries to distance himself and ignore him. However, when he learns that Dylan is a now a cast member in a new Disney Channel television series, he \u2014 under the ruse of bonding \u2014 uses Dylan's connections to secure a job on the series' writing staff to further his career prospects. However, rather than work under age-appropriate guidelines, Brian tries to adapt the writing to include more mature content; because the material does not fit the network, Brian is fired by a producer. Furthermore, a disillusioned Dylan realizes that Brian is not interested in bonding but is merely using him for his own selfish ambitions, and tells him that he never wants to see him again. When Stewie sees Brian getting drunk out of depression, Brian realizes how selfish he has been and how he never realized that he had the chance to have Dylan back into his life again, but he pushed it aside. Stewie decides to help him apologize to Dylan. On the first try Brian gets beaten up after trying to sneak past security.", "Patrick again tries to communicate with Kathie, showing her which parts of his body he can feel; he sports an erection when she reaches his genitals. Cassidy catches Kathie but, while not sacking her, warns her to not entertain theories about Patrick's consciousness as she continues caring for him. Kathie returns to her apartment to find that Ed has cleaned up the mess and fixed her dinner. Ed handles a hot casserole dish and severely burns his hands, but says he didn't feel a thing. One night, Patrick possesses Kathie while she is typing and uses her to communicate a lewd and threatening message. He also takes over the typewriter to write an algebra equation she doesn't recognise. Meanwhile, Ed drops by the hospital with a bouquet and is lured into the broken lift by Patrick, who traps him inside. Kathie realizes he has psychic powers, but Brian is reluctant to take her claims seriously. When Brian makes an inquiry about examining Patrick, Cassidy sacks Kathie. After Roget subjects Patrick to electroconvulsive therapy, he uses the typewriter to tell Kathie that the hospital staff is trying to kill him. Kathie and Brian sneak into the hospital at night to examine Patrick. While this happens, Patrick compels Cassidy to return to the hospital, but she relents in opening the door to his room while they subject him to strobe lights. After the two leave, Patrick possesses Cassidy and causes her to fatally electrocute herself in the basement, then turns his head to look at a frightened nurse. Kathie is questioned about the blackout and is present when Cassidy's body is discovered. She persuades the investigating officer, Detective Sergeant Grant (Wilson), to speak to Brian about Patrick's abilities, but both men dismiss her claims that Patrick murdered the matron.", "Patrick (1978 film) Patrick is a 1978 Australian science fiction horror film directed by Richard Franklin and written by Everett De Roche. The film popularised Ozploitation films in other territories. A remake, \"Patrick\", was released in 2013. Three years after murdering his parents, Patrick (Thompson) lies in a coma at the Roget Clinic, a private hospital in Melbourne. Following a job interview with Matron Cassidy (Blake), the head of the hospital, Kathie Jacquard (Penhaligon) is taken on as Patrick's new nurse. The hospital's owner, Dr. Roget (Helpmann), explains Patrick's condition to Kathie and says he is being kept alive to explore the nature of life and death. He also says that another patient, Capt. Fraser (Pym), claims that Patrick \"flies in and out of the window at night. \" Elsewhere, Kathie deals with her ex-husband Ed (Mullinar), who she recently separated from. Unbeknownst to the hospital staff, Patrick has psychokinetic powers and does indeed have the power to travel out of his body. He demonstrates his ability by moving objects in Cassidy's presence and attempting to drown Brian Wright (Barry), a doctor who flirts with Kathie, at a pool party. When Kathie tries typing a memo in Patrick's room, he takes over her movements and causes her to write his name. Patrick seems to begin communicating with Kathie via spitting, but remains silent when she brings in Cassidy to show her. However, after Cassidy leaves the room, Kathie discovers that Patrick has written \"SECRET\" through the typewriter. Kathie and Brian return to her apartment to find it ransacked. Kathie assumes Ed is responsible, but he denies any wrongdoing.", "Peter hosts the first meeting of the association, but it is unsuccessful due to those attending were making too much noise, such as breathing heavily, farting, and munching junk food the entire way through. Believing Patrick to be sane, Lois authorizes his release, and arranges for Patrick to stay with the family. Patrick soon announces he has a wife, Marion, although she is imaginary and nobody else other than him can see her. This leads Brian and Stewie to believe he is crazy. Lois attempts to overlook the evidence, and instead tries to persuade Peter not to encourage people to be fat. Later Peter unintentionally frightens Patrick by dressing up like Ralph Kramden and repeatedly using one of Kramden's catchphrases \"Pow, right in the kisser!\" which brings back memories of Gleason telling him to get out. This triggers Patrick to start killing fat people. Lois' father, Carter, calls her and tells her how violent Patrick is, but she assures him Patrick is safe, although she becomes worried after seeing on the news that a fat man has been murdered. Lois remains in denial as more murders are committed, even though Brian tries to convince her that Patrick is the killer. Peter brings the fat men back to his home to protect them, but after learning from Brian that Patrick is the killer, a chase between the fat men and Patrick ensues. Brian, still at the house, shows Patrick's room to Lois, where several of his victims are either deceased or had been left for dead, and photographic evidence of Patrick killing them. Lois continues to make exaggerated excuses, still wanting to believe her brother is a nice person, but ultimately she snaps out of her denial and realizes that Patrick is a threat. Lois and Brian pursue Patrick and Peter into the woods, where Patrick is strangling Peter.", "Following his romantic failures, he talks with Spencer, his friend from Southend, who tells him that he is in legal trouble. Brian invites him to a party before he has to face the judge. During the party, Patrick insults Spencer's upbringing and belittles him. Spencer hits Patrick in the face and disrupts the event. Afterwards, Brian shares a drink with Rebecca and tries to apologise for his own behaviour. However, Rebecca still feels Brian loves Alice and encourages him to follow his heart and tell Alice how he feels. He takes her advice and arrives at Alice's flat to declare his love, but discovers Spencer there. Excited by his violent behaviour at the party, Alice had invited him back. Brian feels betrayed by them both, since he had told Spencer how he felt about Alice. Brian gets depressed and struggles with concentrating during \"University Challenge\" practices and his studies, threatening his university place. Patrick becomes frustrated with Brian, and as they arrive for their \"University Challenge\" match, berates him for his lack of focus. Brian head butts Patrick in response, but only ends up knocking himself unconscious. He is revived backstage by Rebecca who has come to watch the show and gives him encouragement before he is escorted to the set. However, as he is being brought back to his team, Brian is briefly left with an open envelope containing the quiz questions. He reads one of the cards before putting it back in the envelope, and, inspired by the relative ease of the question, rejoins his team. The match starts off poorly, with nerves clearly getting to Patrick as he fails to answer several questions and puts the team in a hole. Brian slowly but surely digs them out of it, getting into his swing as he answers question after question."], "answer": {"text": "my wife and I had driven ambulances and served in intelligence together", "answer_start": 532}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Lewes, East Sussex.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the name of his wife", "answer": {"text": "wife Mary Wicksteed Tolstoy", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_1_q#3", "question": "Did he serve in military?", "rewrite": "Did writer Patrick O'Brian serve in military?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In September visitors from India involved in the Brahmo Samaj movement came to see the cup in the oratory and felt it was bringing a chance for mystical awareness across people of different beliefs. At other times the ladies associated with the cup and the oratory performed baptisms and weddings though without the labels of being priests or priestesses. Meanwhile Pole went on to meet with `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 again in late 1910 in Egypt and sent a letter to Scotland with second had reports from `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 of a prediction of a World War in light of the anticipated Armageddon of the Book of Revelation and beyond to the generality of the 20th century. Writer Patrick Benham related Pole learning of `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 only in 1910 through Archdeacon Wilberforce. Pole felt a healing presence and a confirmation of 'Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 \"as a world teacher\" (in the words of writer Patrick Benham.) Pole went on to then have his own visions of the same ideas of this foretold conflict after returning home. Pole's mirrored vision started as a depressing foreboding starting with \"mighty winds\" and \"strange\u2026 perfect silence. A sound of thunder followed, so indescribable and so terrible that it seemed as if the world would be rent to pieces. The thunder passed, and the hill was bathed in quiet light, and I became aware of a mighty Presence standing beside me, full of strength and illumination.\u2026 (which) made me comprehend the significance of many events that were to transpire\u2026. \" Pole spoke to the London Bah\u00e1'\u00eds about `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 and repeated his 1911 prophecy ideas on 31 December 1910. The Bah\u00e1'\u00eds also managed a \"Higher Thought Center\" in London in 1910, and a \"Bahai Press\" in 1911.", "Whilst Tanya helps Ram deal with his stress, Quill muses that she would have used the Cabinet of Souls to wipe out the Shadow Kin, however Charlie disagrees. Charlie looks into the Cabinet of Souls, revealing that it's not empty, and reassures his people with his presence. The series was created by young adult fiction writer Patrick Ness. The idea for the show came from \"Doctor Who\" itself and was almost a story contained within that parent program \u2014 Ness had previously been requested to write an episode treatment for \"Doctor Who\", and this engagement later morphed into his entire own spin-off series. Ness drew upon influences from his previous young adult fiction book called \"The Rest of Us Just Live Here\" and specifically from creatures in that book called The Chosen Ones. Steven Moffat is an Executive producer on the show. The production staff aimed to gear the audience towards the young adult demographic, the prior area of fiction writing expertise of Patrick Ness. The writing style for the show was influenced by prior TV series in the adolescent genre including \"The Vampire Diaries\" and \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" \u2014 with both series being directly name-dropped in the first episode itself. Executive producer Brian Minchin said the series would try not to be as dark as prior \"Doctor Who\" spin-off show, \"Torchwood\". Minchin, who was also at the same time executive director on \"Doctor Who\" itself, was asked by \"Radio Times\" why they decided to do a spin-off from \"Doctor Who\" at this particular point in time, and he answered the rationale behind the decision to go forwards with the new series was because they were so comfortable with the idea of Patrick Ness at the helm of the show. Easter egg media references to \"Doctor Who\" were intentionally placed throughout the new show by the production staff.", "The Last Pool and Other Stories The Last Pool and Other Stories is a 1950 collection of short stories by novelist and writer Patrick O'Brian. It was his first published book under the name Patrick O'Brian (though he had published several works under his birth name Patrick Russ as a teenager).The thirteen stories are largely about rural experiences, focusing on fishing hunting, shooting, and the experiences surrounding those rural pastimes. Published by Secker and Warburg, the collection included several stories that would later be republished in \"The Walker and other stories\". The collection was both a critical and financial success for O'Brian. The following short stories were included in the collection:  Writer and critic Steve Bodio described the stories as \"some straight forward,\" and \"some supernatural\" and \"uncanny\" in the line of tales by T.H. White from the 1930s and Geoffrey Household from the 1950s. Bodio describes the stories as having a \"touch of terror.\" The novel was published while O'Brian claimed Irish descent, thus some reviewers focused on his \"Irish\" elements within the work. Bodio describes the novel as capturing something \"Irish\", in its \"uncanny atmosphere\". Contemporary reviews of the book highlight this Irishness; for example, an \"Observer\" reviewer wrote \"This Charming book by an Irish sportsman is a genuine collection of tales of the Irish countryside.\" Generally, reviews of the collection were favorable. Both \"The Irish Times\" and Irish novelist and playwright Lord Dunsany in \"The Observer\" gave positive reviews. Similarly, \"The Western Morning News\" described the collection as taking \"their tense drama in hunting, fishing and shooting, and their realism in the author's intimate knowledge.\" Moreover, the reviewer particularly like the story", "An estimated 200 of the 1984 Grand Nationals were produced with the T-Top option which makes these the rarest of the Grand Nationals. For 1986, a modified engine design with air-air intercooling boosted the performance even further to a specified at 4000 rpm and of torque at 2400 rpm. The Grand Nationals (quantity 5,512) and T-Types (quantity 2,384) were both produced in 1986. For 1987, performance reached and of torque. Buick dropped the T-Type package for Regal for 1987 models and opted for a \"T\" sport package instead. There were only 7,896 turbo Regals produced in 1986. In 1987, when turbo Regals reached their peak in popularity, a total of 27,590 turbo Regals were produced through December, with those models produced between September and December of that year window stickered as \"1987\u00bd Buick Grand National\" vehicles. For 1987, a lightweight WE4 (turbo T) option was offered. Only 1,547 of this variant were produced. The differences between a WE4 and the Grand National were the interior trim package, wheels, exterior badging, aluminum bumper supports, and aluminum rear drum brakes as opposed to the Grand National's cast iron, making the WE4 a lighter and faster car. The rear spoiler was only available as a dealer installed option. Nineteen eighty-seven was the only year that the LC2 turbo option was available on any Regal, making it possible to even see a Limited with a vinyl landau roof and a power bulge turbo hood. Turbo Regal Limiteds were one of the rarest models of turbo Regals produced second only to the GNX at 1,035 turbo Limiteds. Turbo Regal Limiteds could be ordered with many options with most having chrome external trim but for $35 could have been built with the full black-out trim option making them extremely rare.", "The actor had previously left the role on \"Family Guy\", in order to star as the character in his own spinoff, entitled \"The Cleveland Show\". This episode is also the first crossover with \"The Cleveland Show\", which was created by \"Family Guy\" creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane, voice actor Mike Henry, and former animated comedy writer Richard Appel. \"The Splendid Source\", along with the eleven other episodes from \"Family Guy\"s eighth season, was released on a three-disc DVD set in the United States on December 13, 2011. The sets include brief audio commentaries by various crew and cast members for several episodes, a collection of deleted scenes and animatics, a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating \" And Then There Were Fewer\", a mini-feature entitled \"The Comical Adventures of \"Family Guy\" \u2013 Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call\", and footage of the \"Family Guy\" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast, actor Marc Alaimo, actor Gary Cole, actor Ioan Gruffudd, actress Sanaa Lathan, film director David Lynch, voice actor Kevin Michael Richardson and voice actor Wally Wingert guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Chris Cox, actor Ralph Garman, writer Patrick Meighan, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, actress Jennifer Tilly, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances. The dirty joke told through the episode by Glenn Quagmire is taken from a joke the character Marty Funkhauser told in an episode of \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\"."], "answer": {"text": "he underwent a brief period of pilot training with the Royal Air Force, but this was not successful,", "answer_start": 880}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Lewes, East Sussex.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the name of his wife", "answer": {"text": "wife Mary Wicksteed Tolstoy", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Aside from writing what other job he does?", "answer": {"text": "my wife and I had driven ambulances and served in intelligence together", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_1_q#4", "question": "When did he first publish his novel?", "rewrite": "When did writer Patrick O'Brian first publish his novel?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Last Pool and Other Stories The Last Pool and Other Stories is a 1950 collection of short stories by novelist and writer Patrick O'Brian. It was his first published book under the name Patrick O'Brian (though he had published several works under his birth name Patrick Russ as a teenager).The thirteen stories are largely about rural experiences, focusing on fishing hunting, shooting, and the experiences surrounding those rural pastimes. Published by Secker and Warburg, the collection included several stories that would later be republished in \"The Walker and other stories\". The collection was both a critical and financial success for O'Brian. The following short stories were included in the collection:  Writer and critic Steve Bodio described the stories as \"some straight forward,\" and \"some supernatural\" and \"uncanny\" in the line of tales by T.H. White from the 1930s and Geoffrey Household from the 1950s. Bodio describes the stories as having a \"touch of terror.\" The novel was published while O'Brian claimed Irish descent, thus some reviewers focused on his \"Irish\" elements within the work. Bodio describes the novel as capturing something \"Irish\", in its \"uncanny atmosphere\". Contemporary reviews of the book highlight this Irishness; for example, an \"Observer\" reviewer wrote \"This Charming book by an Irish sportsman is a genuine collection of tales of the Irish countryside.\" Generally, reviews of the collection were favorable. Both \"The Irish Times\" and Irish novelist and playwright Lord Dunsany in \"The Observer\" gave positive reviews. Similarly, \"The Western Morning News\" described the collection as taking \"their tense drama in hunting, fishing and shooting, and their realism in the author's intimate knowledge.\" Moreover, the reviewer particularly like the story", "In September visitors from India involved in the Brahmo Samaj movement came to see the cup in the oratory and felt it was bringing a chance for mystical awareness across people of different beliefs. At other times the ladies associated with the cup and the oratory performed baptisms and weddings though without the labels of being priests or priestesses. Meanwhile Pole went on to meet with `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 again in late 1910 in Egypt and sent a letter to Scotland with second had reports from `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 of a prediction of a World War in light of the anticipated Armageddon of the Book of Revelation and beyond to the generality of the 20th century. Writer Patrick Benham related Pole learning of `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 only in 1910 through Archdeacon Wilberforce. Pole felt a healing presence and a confirmation of 'Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 \"as a world teacher\" (in the words of writer Patrick Benham.) Pole went on to then have his own visions of the same ideas of this foretold conflict after returning home. Pole's mirrored vision started as a depressing foreboding starting with \"mighty winds\" and \"strange\u2026 perfect silence. A sound of thunder followed, so indescribable and so terrible that it seemed as if the world would be rent to pieces. The thunder passed, and the hill was bathed in quiet light, and I became aware of a mighty Presence standing beside me, full of strength and illumination.\u2026 (which) made me comprehend the significance of many events that were to transpire\u2026. \" Pole spoke to the London Bah\u00e1'\u00eds about `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 and repeated his 1911 prophecy ideas on 31 December 1910. The Bah\u00e1'\u00eds also managed a \"Higher Thought Center\" in London in 1910, and a \"Bahai Press\" in 1911.", "Upon Confederation, the British North America Act, 1867 granted the federal government power to legislate on matters such as copyright and patents. In 1868 the Parliament of Canada passed the Copyright Act of 1868, which granted protection for \"any person resident in Canada, or any person being a British subject, and resident in Great Britain or Ireland. \" It re-established the publication requirements of the 1847 statute, prompting demand from the British government that Canada should revise its laws so as to respect imperial copyright law. Under Imperial copyright London printers had a monopoly and attracted most authors from the colonies to first publish with them because imperial copyright law granted protection in all colonies. London printers refused Canadian printers the license to print books first published in London and authors had little incentive to first publish in Canada, as colonial copyright law only granted protection in Canada. The Canadian government sought to further strengthen the Canadian print industry with an 1872 bill that would have introduced a projected licensing scheme that allowed for a reprinting of books under foreign copyright in exchange for a fixed royalty. The British government opposed the bill and it never received royal assent. In order to encourage the local printing and publishing industry Canada made a number of diplomatic and legislative efforts to limit the effects of the 1842 Imperial Act. In a compromise arrangement Canada passed the Copyright Act, 1875, which provided for a term of twenty-eight years, with an option to renew for a further fourteen years, for any \"literary, scientific and artistic works or compositions\" published initially or contemporaneously in Canada, and such protection was available to anyone domiciled in Canada or any other British possession, or a citizen of any foreign country having an international copyright treaty with the United Kingdom, but it was contingent on the work being printed and published (or reprinted and republished) in Canada.", "Specific credit was also given to Victor Hugo for the manner in which his French romantic literature established the precedent of change. The manifesto situates symbolist novel-writing in the realm established by such authors as Stendhal, Balzac, Flaubert, and Edmond de Goncourt, and \u00c9mile Zola. These authors exhibited craftsmanship that Mor\u00e9as respected, and some of them shared a disillusion with human progress, but they explored all that in a way that assumed the objectivity of human reality and primacy of the natural world. The manifesto identifies a few poets as most immediately responsible for developing this current symbolism: Charles Baudelaire, St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9, Paul Verlaine, and Theodore de Banville. Symbolism was seen, however as a work in-progress, constantly being refined, including by the efforts of those writers. Mor\u00e9as left the door open, as well, for newcomers to shape the movement even further. It is important to note that Mor\u00e9as did not choose to publish the Symbolist Manifesto in a small publication such as the short-lived \"La Vogue\" or \"Le Symboliste\", even though he helped run the latter. Instead, he chose to first publish in \"Le Temps\", one of the major newspapers in Paris. After generating some immediate heat, he was then given the opportunity to publish the piece in \"Le Figaro. \" This scope of publication, including \"Le Figaro\"'s status as highest-circulating paper, ensured the attention of readers, writers, and the general public alike. The impact of the manifesto was tremendous. The writers who were part of this movement were recognized as symbolists and the only traces of the old \"decadence\" were primarily those affiliated with Anatole Baju, precisely those that Mor\u00e9as wished to be regarded as distinct from his own group.", "On the way to the airport, Ray's phone started ringing and she discovered that Ray had two phones and that one phone had a new voicemail message. Despite his attempts to stop her listening to the message, Louise did and heard her own voice. She realised that her stalker was right under her nose the whole time \u2013 it was Ray. As Ray started driving erratically, he explained his reasons for stalking her and the car crashed into a ditch. Ray was unconscious, but Louise managed to escape and ran to the village. Ray followed her though and they returned to Mill Cottage and trying to stop him following her, she grabbed a vase and hit Ray with it, knocking him back down the stairs and breaking his neck. Louise managed to cover up his murder and persuaded the police that someone must have broken into the house and killed Ray. Maureen Blackstock is the former wife of Rodney Blackstock (Patrick Mower). She appeared in 2001. Maureen is Rodney's second wife, and the mother of Nicola King (Nicola Wheeler). She attends Nicola's ill-fated wedding to chef Carlos Diaz (Gary Turner) and leaves afterwards. Brian Addyman is the father of Katie Sugden (Sammy Winward), then Addyman. He appeared from 2001 to 2003 and in 2004. Brian, who brought Katie up, is divorced from her mother Caroline (Daryl Fishwick). Brian first appears in 2001 when he bails Katie out of a police cell after her involvement in a car crash that killed headmistress Barbara Strickland (Alex Hall). In February 2002, Brian becomes the gardener at Home Farm Estates. In February 2003, Brian leaves the village for a new job in Newcastle. In February 2004, Brian attends Katie's wedding to Andy Sugden (Kelvin Fletcher). This is Brian's last on-screen appearance."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Lewes, East Sussex.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the name of his wife", "answer": {"text": "wife Mary Wicksteed Tolstoy", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Aside from writing what other job he does?", "answer": {"text": "my wife and I had driven ambulances and served in intelligence together", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he serve in military?", "answer": {"text": "he underwent a brief period of pilot training with the Royal Air Force, but this was not successful,", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_1_q#5", "question": "Where was Patrick O'Brian born?", "rewrite": "Where was writer Patrick O'Brian born?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The actor had previously left the role on \"Family Guy\", in order to star as the character in his own spinoff, entitled \"The Cleveland Show\". This episode is also the first crossover with \"The Cleveland Show\", which was created by \"Family Guy\" creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane, voice actor Mike Henry, and former animated comedy writer Richard Appel. \"The Splendid Source\", along with the eleven other episodes from \"Family Guy\"s eighth season, was released on a three-disc DVD set in the United States on December 13, 2011. The sets include brief audio commentaries by various crew and cast members for several episodes, a collection of deleted scenes and animatics, a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating \" And Then There Were Fewer\", a mini-feature entitled \"The Comical Adventures of \"Family Guy\" \u2013 Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call\", and footage of the \"Family Guy\" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast, actor Marc Alaimo, actor Gary Cole, actor Ioan Gruffudd, actress Sanaa Lathan, film director David Lynch, voice actor Kevin Michael Richardson and voice actor Wally Wingert guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Chris Cox, actor Ralph Garman, writer Patrick Meighan, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, actress Jennifer Tilly, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances. The dirty joke told through the episode by Glenn Quagmire is taken from a joke the character Marty Funkhauser told in an episode of \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\".", "In September visitors from India involved in the Brahmo Samaj movement came to see the cup in the oratory and felt it was bringing a chance for mystical awareness across people of different beliefs. At other times the ladies associated with the cup and the oratory performed baptisms and weddings though without the labels of being priests or priestesses. Meanwhile Pole went on to meet with `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 again in late 1910 in Egypt and sent a letter to Scotland with second had reports from `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 of a prediction of a World War in light of the anticipated Armageddon of the Book of Revelation and beyond to the generality of the 20th century. Writer Patrick Benham related Pole learning of `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 only in 1910 through Archdeacon Wilberforce. Pole felt a healing presence and a confirmation of 'Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 \"as a world teacher\" (in the words of writer Patrick Benham.) Pole went on to then have his own visions of the same ideas of this foretold conflict after returning home. Pole's mirrored vision started as a depressing foreboding starting with \"mighty winds\" and \"strange\u2026 perfect silence. A sound of thunder followed, so indescribable and so terrible that it seemed as if the world would be rent to pieces. The thunder passed, and the hill was bathed in quiet light, and I became aware of a mighty Presence standing beside me, full of strength and illumination.\u2026 (which) made me comprehend the significance of many events that were to transpire\u2026. \" Pole spoke to the London Bah\u00e1'\u00eds about `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 and repeated his 1911 prophecy ideas on 31 December 1910. The Bah\u00e1'\u00eds also managed a \"Higher Thought Center\" in London in 1910, and a \"Bahai Press\" in 1911.", "The Young Lieutenant The Young Lieutenant () is a 2005 French crime drama film directed by Xavier Beauvois. The title character is Antoine Derouere, a young man from the provinces who has just graduated from the police academy. Antoine joins the force in Paris and is assigned to the city's busiest precinct. Antoine's introduction to police work is rather unexciting. The audience sees him deal with an unruly drunk and take a report from a robbery victim. One day, though, Antoine's unit receives a report that a homeless man's body has been found in the Saint-Martin canal. Not long after, a university professor almost meets the same fate. As the investigation of the canal murder gathers momentum, Antoine's colleagues note a hint of romantic interest in Antoine by their unit commander, Caroline Vaudieu. Antoine laughs off the idea, citing his own lovely (and younger) wife, a schoolteacher who remained in their rural French village. On one visit home, Antoine tells his father about watching a coroner conduct an autopsy. Antoine says that, as he watched the coroner lay out the victim's internal organs, he thought of Mozart: \"How can all that stuff compose music?\" Caroline, meanwhile, is a recovering alcoholic who uses the excitement of the canal murder investigation as a substitute for the high from liquor. \"The Young Lieutenant\" received generally positive reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 79%, based on 53 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's consensus reads, \"A gritty, languidly paced crime drama that blends old-fashioned ambiance with modern cynicism\".", "Whilst Tanya helps Ram deal with his stress, Quill muses that she would have used the Cabinet of Souls to wipe out the Shadow Kin, however Charlie disagrees. Charlie looks into the Cabinet of Souls, revealing that it's not empty, and reassures his people with his presence. The series was created by young adult fiction writer Patrick Ness. The idea for the show came from \"Doctor Who\" itself and was almost a story contained within that parent program \u2014 Ness had previously been requested to write an episode treatment for \"Doctor Who\", and this engagement later morphed into his entire own spin-off series. Ness drew upon influences from his previous young adult fiction book called \"The Rest of Us Just Live Here\" and specifically from creatures in that book called The Chosen Ones. Steven Moffat is an Executive producer on the show. The production staff aimed to gear the audience towards the young adult demographic, the prior area of fiction writing expertise of Patrick Ness. The writing style for the show was influenced by prior TV series in the adolescent genre including \"The Vampire Diaries\" and \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" \u2014 with both series being directly name-dropped in the first episode itself. Executive producer Brian Minchin said the series would try not to be as dark as prior \"Doctor Who\" spin-off show, \"Torchwood\". Minchin, who was also at the same time executive director on \"Doctor Who\" itself, was asked by \"Radio Times\" why they decided to do a spin-off from \"Doctor Who\" at this particular point in time, and he answered the rationale behind the decision to go forwards with the new series was because they were so comfortable with the idea of Patrick Ness at the helm of the show. Easter egg media references to \"Doctor Who\" were intentionally placed throughout the new show by the production staff.", "The Last Pool and Other Stories The Last Pool and Other Stories is a 1950 collection of short stories by novelist and writer Patrick O'Brian. It was his first published book under the name Patrick O'Brian (though he had published several works under his birth name Patrick Russ as a teenager).The thirteen stories are largely about rural experiences, focusing on fishing hunting, shooting, and the experiences surrounding those rural pastimes. Published by Secker and Warburg, the collection included several stories that would later be republished in \"The Walker and other stories\". The collection was both a critical and financial success for O'Brian. The following short stories were included in the collection:  Writer and critic Steve Bodio described the stories as \"some straight forward,\" and \"some supernatural\" and \"uncanny\" in the line of tales by T.H. White from the 1930s and Geoffrey Household from the 1950s. Bodio describes the stories as having a \"touch of terror.\" The novel was published while O'Brian claimed Irish descent, thus some reviewers focused on his \"Irish\" elements within the work. Bodio describes the novel as capturing something \"Irish\", in its \"uncanny atmosphere\". Contemporary reviews of the book highlight this Irishness; for example, an \"Observer\" reviewer wrote \"This Charming book by an Irish sportsman is a genuine collection of tales of the Irish countryside.\" Generally, reviews of the collection were favorable. Both \"The Irish Times\" and Irish novelist and playwright Lord Dunsany in \"The Observer\" gave positive reviews. Similarly, \"The Western Morning News\" described the collection as taking \"their tense drama in hunting, fishing and shooting, and their realism in the author's intimate knowledge.\" Moreover, the reviewer particularly like the story"], "answer": {"text": "Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire,", "answer_start": 42}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Lewes, East Sussex.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the name of his wife", "answer": {"text": "wife Mary Wicksteed Tolstoy", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Aside from writing what other job he does?", "answer": {"text": "my wife and I had driven ambulances and served in intelligence together", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he serve in military?", "answer": {"text": "he underwent a brief period of pilot training with the Royal Air Force, but this was not successful,", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first publish his novel?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_1_q#6", "question": "At what age did he published his work?", "rewrite": "At what age did writer Patrick O'Brian publish his work?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Whilst Tanya helps Ram deal with his stress, Quill muses that she would have used the Cabinet of Souls to wipe out the Shadow Kin, however Charlie disagrees. Charlie looks into the Cabinet of Souls, revealing that it's not empty, and reassures his people with his presence. The series was created by young adult fiction writer Patrick Ness. The idea for the show came from \"Doctor Who\" itself and was almost a story contained within that parent program \u2014 Ness had previously been requested to write an episode treatment for \"Doctor Who\", and this engagement later morphed into his entire own spin-off series. Ness drew upon influences from his previous young adult fiction book called \"The Rest of Us Just Live Here\" and specifically from creatures in that book called The Chosen Ones. Steven Moffat is an Executive producer on the show. The production staff aimed to gear the audience towards the young adult demographic, the prior area of fiction writing expertise of Patrick Ness. The writing style for the show was influenced by prior TV series in the adolescent genre including \"The Vampire Diaries\" and \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\" \u2014 with both series being directly name-dropped in the first episode itself. Executive producer Brian Minchin said the series would try not to be as dark as prior \"Doctor Who\" spin-off show, \"Torchwood\". Minchin, who was also at the same time executive director on \"Doctor Who\" itself, was asked by \"Radio Times\" why they decided to do a spin-off from \"Doctor Who\" at this particular point in time, and he answered the rationale behind the decision to go forwards with the new series was because they were so comfortable with the idea of Patrick Ness at the helm of the show. Easter egg media references to \"Doctor Who\" were intentionally placed throughout the new show by the production staff.", "The Last Pool and Other Stories The Last Pool and Other Stories is a 1950 collection of short stories by novelist and writer Patrick O'Brian. It was his first published book under the name Patrick O'Brian (though he had published several works under his birth name Patrick Russ as a teenager).The thirteen stories are largely about rural experiences, focusing on fishing hunting, shooting, and the experiences surrounding those rural pastimes. Published by Secker and Warburg, the collection included several stories that would later be republished in \"The Walker and other stories\". The collection was both a critical and financial success for O'Brian. The following short stories were included in the collection:  Writer and critic Steve Bodio described the stories as \"some straight forward,\" and \"some supernatural\" and \"uncanny\" in the line of tales by T.H. White from the 1930s and Geoffrey Household from the 1950s. Bodio describes the stories as having a \"touch of terror.\" The novel was published while O'Brian claimed Irish descent, thus some reviewers focused on his \"Irish\" elements within the work. Bodio describes the novel as capturing something \"Irish\", in its \"uncanny atmosphere\". Contemporary reviews of the book highlight this Irishness; for example, an \"Observer\" reviewer wrote \"This Charming book by an Irish sportsman is a genuine collection of tales of the Irish countryside.\" Generally, reviews of the collection were favorable. Both \"The Irish Times\" and Irish novelist and playwright Lord Dunsany in \"The Observer\" gave positive reviews. Similarly, \"The Western Morning News\" described the collection as taking \"their tense drama in hunting, fishing and shooting, and their realism in the author's intimate knowledge.\" Moreover, the reviewer particularly like the story", "Recurring guest voice actors Johnny Brennan, writer Steve Callaghan, writer Mark Hentemann, writer Patrick Meighan, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, and writer John Viener made minor performances throughout the episode. Recurring guest cast members Adam West and Patrick Warburton also appeared in the episode, portraying the characters of Mayor West and Joe Swanson, respectively. Some cultural references were used in this episode. Peter joins the Tea Party, which is a reference to the Tea Party movement. At the Tea Party rally, Peter can be heard yelling \"We are Marshall!\", which is a reference to the film of the same name. In its original broadcast on May 13, 2012, \"Tea Peter\" was watched by 4.94 million viewers, according to Nielsen ratings, despite airing simultaneously with \"Celebrity Apprentice\" on NBC and the series finale of \"Desperate Housewives\" on ABC. It also acquired a 2.4/6 rating in the 18\u201349 demographic group, losing to \"Desperate Housewives\" but beating \"Celebrity Apprentice\". The ratings fell from the previous episode, \"Leggo My Meg-O\". The episode received mixed reviews. Kevin McFarland of \"The A.V. Club\" gave a C+ rating. He stated that \"the thin plot arc didn't do much for [him]\", however praising the \"cutaways which made [him] laugh\". He also noted that \"[the episode] seems to believe that every follower of the Tea Party movement would propose exactly the same type of government in place now once mass lawlessness overtook the land by following their proposed ideas\".", "The actor had previously left the role on \"Family Guy\", in order to star as the character in his own spinoff, entitled \"The Cleveland Show\". This episode is also the first crossover with \"The Cleveland Show\", which was created by \"Family Guy\" creator and executive producer Seth MacFarlane, voice actor Mike Henry, and former animated comedy writer Richard Appel. \"The Splendid Source\", along with the eleven other episodes from \"Family Guy\"s eighth season, was released on a three-disc DVD set in the United States on December 13, 2011. The sets include brief audio commentaries by various crew and cast members for several episodes, a collection of deleted scenes and animatics, a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating \" And Then There Were Fewer\", a mini-feature entitled \"The Comical Adventures of \"Family Guy\" \u2013 Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call\", and footage of the \"Family Guy\" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast, actor Marc Alaimo, actor Gary Cole, actor Ioan Gruffudd, actress Sanaa Lathan, film director David Lynch, voice actor Kevin Michael Richardson and voice actor Wally Wingert guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Chris Cox, actor Ralph Garman, writer Patrick Meighan, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, actress Jennifer Tilly, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances. The dirty joke told through the episode by Glenn Quagmire is taken from a joke the character Marty Funkhauser told in an episode of \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\".", "In September visitors from India involved in the Brahmo Samaj movement came to see the cup in the oratory and felt it was bringing a chance for mystical awareness across people of different beliefs. At other times the ladies associated with the cup and the oratory performed baptisms and weddings though without the labels of being priests or priestesses. Meanwhile Pole went on to meet with `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 again in late 1910 in Egypt and sent a letter to Scotland with second had reports from `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 of a prediction of a World War in light of the anticipated Armageddon of the Book of Revelation and beyond to the generality of the 20th century. Writer Patrick Benham related Pole learning of `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 only in 1910 through Archdeacon Wilberforce. Pole felt a healing presence and a confirmation of 'Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 \"as a world teacher\" (in the words of writer Patrick Benham.) Pole went on to then have his own visions of the same ideas of this foretold conflict after returning home. Pole's mirrored vision started as a depressing foreboding starting with \"mighty winds\" and \"strange\u2026 perfect silence. A sound of thunder followed, so indescribable and so terrible that it seemed as if the world would be rent to pieces. The thunder passed, and the hill was bathed in quiet light, and I became aware of a mighty Presence standing beside me, full of strength and illumination.\u2026 (which) made me comprehend the significance of many events that were to transpire\u2026. \" Pole spoke to the London Bah\u00e1'\u00eds about `Abdu'l-Bah\u00e1 and repeated his 1911 prophecy ideas on 31 December 1910. The Bah\u00e1'\u00eds also managed a \"Higher Thought Center\" in London in 1910, and a \"Bahai Press\" in 1911."], "answer": {"text": "He published his first novel at age 15,", "answer_start": 761}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "Where did Patrick O'Brian spend his childhood?", "answer": {"text": "Lewes, East Sussex.", "answer_start": 449, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the name of his wife", "answer": {"text": "wife Mary Wicksteed Tolstoy", "answer_start": 755, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Aside from writing what other job he does?", "answer": {"text": "my wife and I had driven ambulances and served in intelligence together", "answer_start": 532, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he serve in military?", "answer": {"text": "he underwent a brief period of pilot training with the Royal Air Force, but this was not successful,", "answer_start": 880, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did he first publish his novel?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where was Patrick O'Brian born?", "answer": {"text": "Chalfont St. Peter, Buckinghamshire,", "answer_start": 42, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_0_q#0", "question": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "rewrite": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Patrick again tries to communicate with Kathie, showing her which parts of his body he can feel; he sports an erection when she reaches his genitals. Cassidy catches Kathie but, while not sacking her, warns her to not entertain theories about Patrick's consciousness as she continues caring for him. Kathie returns to her apartment to find that Ed has cleaned up the mess and fixed her dinner. Ed handles a hot casserole dish and severely burns his hands, but says he didn't feel a thing. One night, Patrick possesses Kathie while she is typing and uses her to communicate a lewd and threatening message. He also takes over the typewriter to write an algebra equation she doesn't recognise. Meanwhile, Ed drops by the hospital with a bouquet and is lured into the broken lift by Patrick, who traps him inside. Kathie realizes he has psychic powers, but Brian is reluctant to take her claims seriously. When Brian makes an inquiry about examining Patrick, Cassidy sacks Kathie. After Roget subjects Patrick to electroconvulsive therapy, he uses the typewriter to tell Kathie that the hospital staff is trying to kill him. Kathie and Brian sneak into the hospital at night to examine Patrick. While this happens, Patrick compels Cassidy to return to the hospital, but she relents in opening the door to his room while they subject him to strobe lights. After the two leave, Patrick possesses Cassidy and causes her to fatally electrocute herself in the basement, then turns his head to look at a frightened nurse. Kathie is questioned about the blackout and is present when Cassidy's body is discovered. She persuades the investigating officer, Detective Sergeant Grant (Wilson), to speak to Brian about Patrick's abilities, but both men dismiss her claims that Patrick murdered the matron.", "Following his romantic failures, he talks with Spencer, his friend from Southend, who tells him that he is in legal trouble. Brian invites him to a party before he has to face the judge. During the party, Patrick insults Spencer's upbringing and belittles him. Spencer hits Patrick in the face and disrupts the event. Afterwards, Brian shares a drink with Rebecca and tries to apologise for his own behaviour. However, Rebecca still feels Brian loves Alice and encourages him to follow his heart and tell Alice how he feels. He takes her advice and arrives at Alice's flat to declare his love, but discovers Spencer there. Excited by his violent behaviour at the party, Alice had invited him back. Brian feels betrayed by them both, since he had told Spencer how he felt about Alice. Brian gets depressed and struggles with concentrating during \"University Challenge\" practices and his studies, threatening his university place. Patrick becomes frustrated with Brian, and as they arrive for their \"University Challenge\" match, berates him for his lack of focus. Brian head butts Patrick in response, but only ends up knocking himself unconscious. He is revived backstage by Rebecca who has come to watch the show and gives him encouragement before he is escorted to the set. However, as he is being brought back to his team, Brian is briefly left with an open envelope containing the quiz questions. He reads one of the cards before putting it back in the envelope, and, inspired by the relative ease of the question, rejoins his team. The match starts off poorly, with nerves clearly getting to Patrick as he fails to answer several questions and puts the team in a hole. Brian slowly but surely digs them out of it, getting into his swing as he answers question after question.", "While there he became an original contributing editor to \"Men's Journal\" and wrote for other publications, including \"Esquire\", \"Art & Antiques\", \"Travel + Leisure Magazine\", \"Connoisseur\", and \"The New York Times\". He is a past director of book publishing at \"National Review\". In the early 1990s he also founded the out-of-print \"Bubba Magazine\", a publication that poked fun at Bill Clinton. The publication garnered national press after its February 9, 1993, debut, with media outlets such as \"Entertainment Tonight\" booking interviews. King has published ten books, most with a focus on historical and adventure narratives. Many of King's works focus on sea adventure and maritime history, and he is past series editor for the \"Heart of Oak Sea Classics\". In 1995 King co-authored \"A Sea of Words\" with naval historian John B. Hattendorf and J. Worth Estes, and two years later he again worked with Hattendorf to edit and publish \"Every Man Will Do His Duty. \" Both are companion books to Patrick O'Brian's \"Aubrey-Maturin series\" of novels. In 2000 he also wrote a historically significant but unauthorized biography of famed author Patrick O'Brian, which was published just three months after O'Brian's death. This book, \"Patrick O'Brian: A Life Revealed\", was named a book of the year by \"The Telegraph\", and King appeared in a BBC documentary about O'Brian, as well as on ABC World News Tonight and NPR's Talk of the Nation. For his 2004 non-fiction book, \"Skeletons on the Zahara\", he traveled more than 100 miles across the western Sahara Desert on foot and by camel in order to experience a similar journey to Captain James Riley.", "Claude Patrick Claude Patrick (born June 14, 1980) is a Canadian retired mixed martial artist. Patrick most recently competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), fighting in their Welterweight division. Claude Patrick was born and raised in Mississauga, Ontario, just outside Toronto. His parents are from Jamaica. Patrick's martial arts journey started with karate at the age of thirteen. His parents signed him up for three months, then he took up Muay Thai and jiu-jitsu, and has been using those styles ever since. He went to school at Port Credit Secondary School in Mississauga. Patrick made his professional debut in 2002. He has fought for smaller promotions including King of the Cage Canada, The Fight Club and the International Fight League. In 2006 he moved to Montreal, Quebec for 8 months to train with Georges St-Pierre. Before signing with the UFC, he amassed a career of 11 wins and 1 loss. In March 2010, the UFC announced it had signed Patrick to a four-fight contract. He made his UFC debut on against Ricardo Funch on June 12, 2010 at UFC 115. In the second round, Patrick submitted his opponent with a guillotine choke. Patrick next defeated TUF 9 winner James Wilks via unanimous decision at UFC 120 on October 16, 2010. Patrick faced Daniel Roberts on April 30, 2011 at UFC 129. Patrick won via unanimous decision in a close fight after winning the first two rounds. Patrick replaced an injured Rory MacDonald at UFC 140 and faced Brian Ebersole, losing for the first time in the UFC via split decision. Patrick was expected to face James Head on July 21, 2012 at . However, Patrick was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Brian Ebersole.", "Peter hosts the first meeting of the association, but it is unsuccessful due to those attending were making too much noise, such as breathing heavily, farting, and munching junk food the entire way through. Believing Patrick to be sane, Lois authorizes his release, and arranges for Patrick to stay with the family. Patrick soon announces he has a wife, Marion, although she is imaginary and nobody else other than him can see her. This leads Brian and Stewie to believe he is crazy. Lois attempts to overlook the evidence, and instead tries to persuade Peter not to encourage people to be fat. Later Peter unintentionally frightens Patrick by dressing up like Ralph Kramden and repeatedly using one of Kramden's catchphrases \"Pow, right in the kisser!\" which brings back memories of Gleason telling him to get out. This triggers Patrick to start killing fat people. Lois' father, Carter, calls her and tells her how violent Patrick is, but she assures him Patrick is safe, although she becomes worried after seeing on the news that a fat man has been murdered. Lois remains in denial as more murders are committed, even though Brian tries to convince her that Patrick is the killer. Peter brings the fat men back to his home to protect them, but after learning from Brian that Patrick is the killer, a chase between the fat men and Patrick ensues. Brian, still at the house, shows Patrick's room to Lois, where several of his victims are either deceased or had been left for dead, and photographic evidence of Patrick killing them. Lois continues to make exaggerated excuses, still wanting to believe her brother is a nice person, but ultimately she snaps out of her denial and realizes that Patrick is a threat. Lois and Brian pursue Patrick and Peter into the woods, where Patrick is strangling Peter."], "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947)", "answer_start": 77}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_0_q#1", "question": "What other pen names did he use?", "rewrite": "Other than Patrick O'Brian, what other pen names did Patrick O'Brian use?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Wandering Stars Wandering Stars is an anthology of Jewish fantasy and science fiction, edited by American writer Jack Dann, originally published by Harper & Row in 1974. It represented, according to the book cover, \"the first time in science fiction that the Jew - and the richness of his themes and particular points of view -- will appear without a mask.\" In his introduction, \"Why Me?\" , Isaac Asimov discussed how many Jewish science fiction writers prior to that time had used gentile pen names in order to get published: \"Many of the Jewish pulp writers, however, used pen names as a matter of sound business. A story entitled \"War Gods of the Oyster-Men of Deneb\" did not carry conviction if it was written by someone named Chaim Itzkowitz.\" He then goes on to discuss the pen names of various Jewish writers included in this book. \"Wandering Stars\" is therefore of historical significance as the first science fiction anthology where Jewish writers openly identified themselves as such. It was followed by a second anthology, \"More Wandering Stars\", also edited by Jack Dann, published by Doubleday in 1981.", "Romain Gary, who was a well-known French writer, decided in 1973 to write novels in a different style under the name \u00c9mile Ajar and even asked his cousin's son to impersonate Ajar; thus he received the most prestigious French literary prize twice, which is forbidden by the prize rules. He revealed the affair in a book he sent his editor just before committing suicide in 1980. Some pen names have been used for long periods, even decades, without the author's true identity being discovered, such as Elena Ferrante and Torsten Krol. A pen name may be shared by different writers in order to suggest continuity of authorship. Thus the \"Bessie Bunter\" series of English boarding-school stories, initially written by the prolific Charles Hamilton under the name Hilda Richards, was taken on by other authors who continued to use the same pen-name. In some forms of fiction, the pen name adopted is the name of the lead character, to suggest to the reader that the book is a (fictional) autobiography. Daniel Handler used the pseudonym Lemony Snicket to present his \"A Series of Unfortunate Events\" books as memoirs by an acquaintance of the main characters. Some, however, do this to fit a certain theme. One example, Pseudonymous Bosch, used his pen name just to expand the theme of secrecy in \"The Secret Series\". Authors also may occasionally choose pen names to appear in more favourable positions in bookshops or libraries, to maximise visibility when placed on shelves that are conventionally arranged alphabetically moving horizontally, then upwards vertically. Some female authors have used pen names to ensure that their works were accepted by publishers and/or the public. Such is the case of Peru's Clarinda, whose work was published in the early 17th century. More often, women have adopted masculine pen names.", "Mala \u0160evnica Mala \u0160evnica () is a small dispersed settlement north of Ra\u010dje Selo in the Municipality of Trebnje in Slovenia. The area was traditionally part of the historical region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.", "Louisa Alice Baker Louisa Alice Baker (pen names, Mrs. Louis Alien Baker, Louisa Alien Baker, and Alien; 13 January 1856 \u2013 22 March 1926) was an English-born New Zealand journalist and novelist. Louisa Alice Dawson was born in Aston, Warwickshire, England, on 13 January 1856. At the age of 7, her family immigrated to Lyttelton, New Zealand. In 1874, she married John William Baker and they had two children, John William Walter Baker and Ethel Elizabeth Baker She used several pen names for the different aspects for her career. When writing for the \"Otago Witness\" writing their children's column she was known as 'Dot' and used the name 'Alice when writing for the \"Otago Witness\" women's column. She continued to write for the \"Witness\" after she moved to England in 1894. After her move to England, Louisa wrote novels under the name 'Alien' and continued to write popular articles until her death in 1926 as a result of burns from a stove fire in her home. In 1886, Baker moved with her children to Dunedin, New Zealand to work for the \"Otago Witness\" as writer. Initially, she began working as a writer for a women's column. She then began to write for the children's column first called Letters From Little Folk which later became known as Our Little Folks and finally Dot's Little Folks. She would respond to children's questions and write short stories. At some point in 1893, Baker left New Zealand to publish her first novel in England. Due to her many pen names, her novels can be found under many names which include: Louisa Alice Baker, Mrs. Louis Alien Baker, Louisa Alien Baker, and Alien. Most of her novels are credited to 'Alien'.", "Some authors, such as Harold Robbins, use several literary pseudonyms. Some pen names have been used for long periods, even decades, without the author's true identity being discovered, as with Elena Ferrante and Torsten Krol. Some pen names are not strictly pseudonyms, as they are simply variants of the authors' actual names. The authors C. L. Moore and S. E. Hinton were female authors who used the initialled forms of their full names, Moore being Catherine Lucille Moore, writing in the 1930s male-dominated science fiction genre, and Hinton, (author of \"The Outsiders\") Susan Eloise Hinton. \" Star Trek\" writer D. C. Fontana (Dorothy Catherine) wrote using her own abbreviated name and under the pen names Michael Richards and J. Michael Bingham. Author V.C. Andrews intended to publish under her given name, Virginia Andrews, but was told that, due to a production error, her first novel was being released under the name of \"V.C. Andrews\"; later she learned that her publisher had in fact done this deliberately. Joanne Kathleen Rowling published the \"Harry Potter\" series as J. K. Rowling. Rowling also published the Cormoran Strike series, a series of detective novels including \"The Cuckoo's Calling\" under the pseudonym \"Robert Galbraith\". Winston Churchill wrote as Winston S. Churchill (from his full surname \"Spencer-Churchill\" which he did not otherwise use) in an attempt to avoid confusion with an American novelist of the same name. The attempt was not wholly successful \u2013 the two are still sometimes confused by booksellers. A pen name may be used specifically to hide the identity of the author, as with expos\u00e9 books about espionage or crime, or explicit erotic fiction."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947)", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_0_q#2", "question": "Did he write anything besides prose fiction?", "rewrite": "Did Patrick O'Brian write anything besides prose fiction?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["While prose rather than verse became the standard of the modern novel, the ancestors of the modern European novel include verse epics in the Romance language of southern France, especially those by Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes (late 12th century), and in Middle English (Geoffrey Chaucer's (c. 1343 \u2013 1400) \" The Canterbury Tales\"). Even in the 19th century, fictional narratives in verse, such as Lord Byron's \"Don Juan\" (1824), Alexander Pushkin's \"Yevgeniy Onegin\" (1833), and Elizabeth Barrett Browning's \"Aurora Leigh\" (1856), competed with prose novels. Vikram Seth's \"The Golden Gate\" (1986), composed of 590 Onegin stanzas, is a more recent example of the verse novel. Both in 12th-century Japan and 15th-century Europe, prose fiction created intimate reading situations. On the other hand, verse epics, including the \"Odyssey\" and \"Aeneid\", had been recited to a select audiences, though this was a more intimate experience than the performance of plays in theaters. A new world of individualistic fashion, personal views, intimate feelings, secret anxieties, \"conduct\", and \"gallantry\" spread with novels and the associated prose-romance. The novel is today the longest genre of narrative prose fiction, followed by the novella. However, in the 17th century, critics saw the romance as of epic length and the novel as its short rival. A precise definition of the differences in length between these types of fiction, is, however, not possible. The requirement of length has been traditionally connected with the notion that a novel should encompass the \"totality of life.\"", "Tecumseh Historic District (Tecumseh, Michigan) The Tecumseh Historic District is a residential historic district located in the city of Tecumseh in Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site and added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 13, 1984. On May 18, 1990, the district received a boundary expansion, which required an additional listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The district, which contains houses dating back to the 1830s, centers on the intersection of West Chicago Boulevard (M-50) and Union Street. The district contains 82 houses, three churches, a former school, and a library as contributing properties. The structures primarily date from the late-nineteenth to the early-twentieth century and consist mostly of Greek Revival and Italianate architecture. On May 18, 1990, the district received an expansion of two houses located on 704\u2013710 West Chicago Boulevard, bringing the total number of houses in the district up to 84. The Tecumseh Historic District is sometimes referred to as the \u201cWest Chicago Boulevard-Union Street Historic District\u201d to distinguish it from the Tecumseh Downtown Historic District, which is located just east on West Chicago Boulevard.", "Tecumseh Downtown Historic District The Tecumseh Downtown Historic District is a historic district comprising the downtown commercial area of the city of Tecumseh in Lenawee County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on January 16, 1976 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 17, 1986. Settled in as early as the 1820s, the Tecumseh Downtown Historic District centers on the intersection of Evans Street and Chicago Boulevard (M-50). Evans Street contains only two contributing properties from 115\u2013125 South Evans Street, while no portions of North Evans Street north of M-50 are included in the district. The majority of the district is on M-50, consisting of 102\u2013128 West Chicago Boulevard and 101\u2013154 East Chicago Boulevard. There are a total of 31 contributing properties and eight non-contributing properties. The two-block-long district consists primarily of two to four-story Italianate buildings dating primarily from 1850\u20131900. In 1824, Tecumseh pioneer Musgrove Evans platted the village with the intent of Chicago Boulevard (then known as the Chicago Road) to be the main thoroughfare through the village. After being settled, Tecumseh was designated as the county seat of the newly established Lenawee County. Its growth also relied heavily on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway line running through the area. Tecumseh developed rapidly as the county seat from 1826\u20131838. The government then moved to Adrian, and Tecumseh's expansion halted. Because of this lack of later development, much of the downtown area has been preserved. The railway line still runs through the center of the district but has long been in disuse.", "English broadcaster Dominic King deemed it the most \"perfectly constructed song in pop history\". Brian's mother, Audree Wilson, believes that \"God Only Knows\" was one of Brian's finest ever compositions, as she stated in an interview: God Only Knows' ... What can you say about it? I still think it's one of his greatest pieces.\" \"Entertainment Weekly\" ranked the song number one in its \"Fifty Greatest Love Songs\" list. Paul McCartney has called it his favorite song of all time. In an interview with David Leaf in 1990 he stated, \"I was asked recently to give my top 10 favorite songs for a Japanese radio station ... I didn't think long and hard on it but I popped that [God Only Knows] on the top of my list. It's very deep. Very emotional, always a bit of a choker for me, that one. \" Speaking again in 2007, McCartney said: God Only Knows' is one of the few songs that reduces me to tears every time I hear it. It's really just a love song, but it's brilliantly done. It shows the genius of Brian. I've actually performed it with him and I'm afraid to say that during the sound check I broke down. It was just too much to stand there singing this song that does my head in and to stand there singing it with Brian.\" Brian responded apprehensively to McCartney's admiration of the song in the 1970s: \"Like, if 'God Only Knows' is the greatest song ever written, then I'll never write anything as good again! And if I never write anything as good, then I'm finished.\" The song inspired songwriter Margo Guryan to move into writing pop music. She said: \"I thought it was just gorgeous.", "Irish prose fiction The first Irish prose fiction, in the form of legendary stories, appeared in the Irish language as early as the seventh century, along with chronicles and lives of saints in Irish and Latin. Such fiction was an adaptation and elaboration of earlier oral material and was the work of a learned class who had acquired literacy with the coming of Latin Christianity. A number of these stories were still available in manuscripts of the late medieval period and even as late as the nineteenth century, though poetry was by that time the main literary vehicle of the Irish language. The first notable English-language prose fiction in Ireland was the work of Jonathan Swift, who published \"Gulliver's Travels\" in 1726. Little of note appeared in English by any resident Irish writer until the nineteenth century, when a number of novelists came to prominence. Modern prose fiction in Irish owes much to the Gaelic revival at the end of the nineteenth century, when cultural nationalists made a determined effort to create the conditions for a modern literature. A substantial body of short stories and novels appeared in Irish as a result. Irish prose fiction in English attracted worldwide attention in the course of the twentieth century. Its greatest exponent was James Joyce, a highly influential modernist whose only rival in Irish was M\u00e1irt\u00edn \u00d3 Cadhain. Prose fiction in both languages has continued to flourish, with English being the primary vehicle. The short story has received particular attention, with a number of distinguished practitioners. The earliest Irish prose fiction is a branch of heroic literature: stories dealing with supernatural personages and human heroes. One of the most famous is \"T\u00e1in B\u00f3 Cuailnge\", together with its associated stories. It is thought to have been originally a seventh century text and deals with the conflict between Connacht and Ulster in the pre-Christian period."], "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947) attracted little attention.", "answer_start": 77}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947)", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other pen names did he use?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_0_q#3", "question": "Was any of his work besides Master and Commander turned into a movie?", "rewrite": "Was any of Patrick O'Brian's work besides Master and Commander turned into a movie?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["They were married on 29 December 1812 at Guiseley Parish Church by mutual friend Reverend William Morgan, who on the same day, married Jane and John Fennell's daughter, Jane Branwell Fennell. Befitting the close family that the Branwells were, also married on that day at the same hour were Maria's youngest sister, Charlotte, to her cousin Joseph Branwell at the parish church of Madron in Cornwall. Maria and Patrick's first home was Clough House in Hightown. Their first two children, Maria and Elizabeth were born there in 1813 or 1814 and 1815. Their second home was in Thornton, where their remaining children were born: Charlotte (1816), Patrick Branwell (1817), Emily Jane (1818) and Anne (1820). In 1820 the Bront\u00ebs moved to Haworth. After moving to Haworth Maria developed ovarian cancer and died seven and half months later, suffering a long agony. Her youngest daughter Anne was only twenty months old. The only work besides letters that Maria wrote was the essay \"The Advantages of Poverty, In Religious Concerns. \" The essay can be found in the book \"Life and Letters\" by Clement Shorter.", "Just as he was ringing the ship's bell to alarm the crew, the unknown ship crashed into the \"Michigan\". Damage to the gunboat was heavy, though because of her iron hull, there was no leaking and the ship was not in danger of sinking. Commander Bigelow later said to Secretary of the Navy James Cochran Dobbin; \"Had the Michigan been built of wood instead of iron, there is no doubt but that she would have been cut down before the water's edge and sunk.\" The other ship bounced off the \"Michigan\"s metal hull just after impact, and her commander turned his ship back onto course and continued on without stopping. This angered Bigelow, who proceeded to chase the fleeing steamer. After a brief pursuit, the American gunboat was close enough to the steamer for her crew to read the vessel's nameboard. The steamer proved to be the \"Buffalo\"; at the time, she was the largest steam-powered timber ship to sail the lakes. She was owned by a Mr. Walbridge and was headed for Chicago. Though Lieutenant Ransom felt the ramming was deliberate, Commander Bigelow thought it must have been an accident. He brought his ship alongside the \"Buffalo\" and asked if the crew of the steamer needed any assistance. The crew answered to the negative so Bigelow let the ship go, but he followed it into Chicago for repairs. While it is not certain that the ramming was intentional or not, Bigelow endeavored to find evidence that it was. The commander filed a lawsuit against Mr. Walbridge: either his ship's captain had been irresponsible or he was trying to sink the \"Michigan\".", "Battle of Piave River (1809) The Battle of Piave River was fought on 8 May 1809 between the Franco-Italian army under the command of Eug\u00e8ne de Beauharnais and an Austrian army led by Archduke John of Austria. The Austrian commander made a stand behind the Piave River but he suffered a defeat at the hands of his numerically superior foes. The combat took place near Nervesa della Battaglia, Italy during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The initial Austrian invasion of Venetia succeeded in driving the Franco-Italian defenders back to Verona. At the beginning of May, news of Austrian defeats in Bavaria and inferiority in numbers caused Archduke John to begin retreating to the northeast. When he heard that his enemies were crossing the Piave, the Austrian commander turned back to give battle, intending to slow Eug\u00e8ne's pursuit of his army. Eug\u00e8ne ordered his vanguard across the river early in the morning. It soon ran into vigorous Austrian resistance, but the arrival of French cavalry stabilized the situation by mid-morning. Rapidly rising waters hampered the buildup of French infantry reinforcements and prevented a significant portion of Eug\u00e8ne's army from crossing at all. In the late afternoon, Eug\u00e8ne launched his main attack which turned John's left flank and finally overran his main line of defense. Damaged but not destroyed, the Austrians continued their withdrawal into Carinthia (in modern-day Austria) and Carniola (in modern-day Slovenia). At the beginning of the 1809 conflict between the Austrian Empire and the First French Empire, General of Cavalry Archduke John led his Army of Inner Austria in an invasion of northeastern Italy. Emperor Napoleon I appointed his stepson Eug\u00e8ne to be Viceroy of Italy and commander of the Army of Italy. On 16 April, John defeated Eug\u00e8ne at the Battle of Sacile near the Livenza River.", "Due to heavy surf and high winds the disembarkation was not completed until 13 August, and the first emplacements approaching Trincomalee were not begun until 18 August. Throughout this period the Batavian garrison made no effort to oppose or impede the advance British forces. After five days the British forces had emplaced eight 18-pounder long guns and a number of smaller cannon, some borrowed from \"Suffolk\" in firing positions, opening a heavy fusilade which by the following day had created a sizeable breach in the walls of Trincomalee. Preparations were made for an assault and messages sent to the fort's commander demanding his surrender. After some negotiation followed by a brief resumption of the bombardment, the Batavian commander surrendered. The garrison of 679 troops were taken prisoner and more than 100 cannon seized by the British. British losses in the brief campaign amounted to 16 killed and 60 wounded. Following the fall of Trincomalee, nearby Fort Oostenberg was summoned to surrender on 27 August. Four days later the commander turned his position over to the British under the same terms offered to the garrison of Trincomalee. With resistance broken, Batavian trading posts along the Ceylon coastline surrendered in quick succession, Batticaloa to the 22nd Regiment of Foot on 18 September, Jaffna to Stuart directly on 27 September after a landing in force, Mullaitivu to a detachment of troops from 52nd Regiment of Foot in on 1 October, and the island of Mannar on 5 October. In September 1795, Rainier took most of his squadron eastwards to operate against Batavia, leaving Captain Alan Gardner in command of the blockade of Colombo, the last remaining Batavian territory on the island. In January 1796, command of the East Indies was assumed by Sir George Keith Elphinstone, who ordered ships of the line and to assist Gardner.", "Following the end of the Guadalcanal campaign, A Company returned to Australia, where the M2A4s were replaced with the new M4 Shermans in preparation for the Battle of Cape Gloucester in December 1943. They remained in service in some areas of the Pacific Theater until 1943. After they served in the Pacific, they were used for training. Britain ordered 100 M2A4s in early 1941. After 36 of them were delivered, the order was canceled in favor of an improved M3 Stuart. The fate of these vehicles is unclear. There is evidence that indicates those 36 M2A4s were shipped off from North Africa as part of the British Army's 7th Hussars and 2nd Royal Tank Regiment, fighting in the India and Burma campaigns against the Japanese 14th Tank Regiment. However, according to historian Mike Green, the tanks were never issued to combat units. Besides the machine gun mounted coaxially to the main gun, there were three .30 cal. machine guns in the hull. One was mounted in a ball mount in front of the bow gunner. The other two were mounted in fixed sponson mounts. These machine guns were fired by the driver; they were aimed by pointing the entire tank at the desired target. Another .30 cal machine gun was normally mounted on the top of the turret for anti-aircraft defense. The 37 mm M5 gun had a manually operated breechblock. The tank commander doubled as loader, like many other tanks of the time. There was no turret basket in the M2A4 light tank; the commander stood on the right side, while the gunner stood on the left side. The commander turned the turret onto the general direction of target. The gunner would then bring the target into the M5 telescopic sight."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947)", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other pen names did he use?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything besides prose fiction?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947) attracted little attention.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_0_q#4", "question": "Was he successful when he was alive?", "rewrite": "Was Patrick O'Brian successful when he was alive?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Customers could purchase a $30 add-on for \"unlimited\" data. In a leaked memo, Comcast employees were instructed to state that the policy is for \"Fairness and providing a more flexible policy to our customers\", and not for controlling network congestion. On April 27, 2016, Comcast announced that it would raise its data threshold in trial markets to 1 TB by June 2016; the company stated that \"more than 99 percent of our customers do not come close to using a terabyte.\" The decision to raise the cap came following implication of increased scrutiny surrounding them by the FCC: in its approval of Charter Communications' purchase of Time Warner Cable, the Commission stipulated that Charter must not implement caps. As previously, a $10 overage fee is charged for every 50 GB above the limit, and customers can purchase an add-on for \"unlimited\" data, but its price was increased to $50. In October 2016, Comcast announced that bandwidth thresholds would be implemented in the majority of its markets (outside of New York and the northeast) beginning November 1, 2016. The data usage plan does not currently apply to the Gigabit Pro tier of service, Business Internet customers, customers on Bulk Internet agreements, and customers with Prepaid Internet. In September 2007, a rumor emerged among tech blogs that Comcast was throttling or even blocking internet traffic transmitted via the BitTorrent protocol. Comcast vehemently denied the accusations of blocking traffic, stating that \"Comcast does not, has not, and will not block any Web sites or online applications, including peer-to-peer services\", and that \"We engage in reasonable network management\". After more widespread confirmation that Comcast was throttling BitTorrent traffic, Comcast said it occasionally delayed BitTorrent traffic in order to speed up other kinds of data, but declined to go into specifics.", "President Obama signed this into law in March 2010. Republicans continue to claim that they had a workable bill to extend coverage to all Americans and not cost the taxpayer anything, though nothing has been publicly presented to back the claim. The Empowering Patients First Act which was proposed as a replacing amendment to the Senate Bill during the bill mark-up. However, this alternative bill was rejected by the Senate Finance Committee. The Congressional Budget Office said that it would not reduce the percentage of working age people who do not have insurance over the next 10 years, and that it estimated it would encourage health insurers to reduce rather than increase insurance coverage as it would remove mandated coverage rules that currently apply in some states. This bill would have given the insurance industry greater access to government funds through new insurance subsidies. It did not have any taxation provisions and though it would reduce the deficit over 10 years by $18 billion, this was a considerably smaller deficit reduction than either the House or the Senate bills. The two bills are similar in a number of ways. In particular, both bills: The biggest difference between the bills, currently, is in how they are financed. In addition to the items listed in the above bullet point, the House relies mainly on a surtax on income above $500,000 ($1 million for families). The Senate, meanwhile, relies largely on an \"excise tax\" for high cost 'Cadillac' insurance plans, as well as an increase in the Medicare payroll tax for high earners. Most economists believe the excise tax to be best of the three revenue raisers above, since (due to health care cost growth) it would grow fast enough to more than keep up with new coverage costs, and it would help to put downward pressure on overall health care cost growth.", "Similarly, a few Hebrew surnames, such as \"Katz\", \"Bogoraz\", \"Ohl\" and \"Pak\" are in fact Hebrew acronyms, even though they sound and are often perceived as being of foreign origin (in these cases, from German, Russian, Polish and Korean, respectively). The Hebraization of surnames is a unique phenomenon to the Hebrew language. This process began as early as the days of the First and Second \"Aliyot\" and continued after the establishment of the State of Israel. The widespread trend towards Hebraization of surnames in the days of the Yishuv and immediately after the establishment of the State of Israel was based on the claim that a Hebrew name provided a feeling of belonging to the new state. There was also the wish to distance from the lost and dead past, and from the forced imposition of foreign (e.g. German) names in the previous centuries. This process has not ended: among the thousands of Israelis who currently apply for legal name changes each year, many do it to adopt Hebrew names. Among the Yishuv (the first to return to Eretz Yisrael\u2014the Land of Israel), there was a strong feeling of \"sh'lilat ha'gola\" (Hebrew: \"negation of the diaspora/Exile\"), which often included the exchange of Diaspora surnames for purely Hebrew ones. Part of the Zionist movement was not only Aliyah it was also wanting to create an image of an Israeli Jew that would be different from the stereotypical perception of Yiddish-speaking, \" shtetl\"-living, weak Diaspora Jews, and these things were a significant part of the people of the First and Second \"Aliyot\".", "Peter hosts the first meeting of the association, but it is unsuccessful due to those attending were making too much noise, such as breathing heavily, farting, and munching junk food the entire way through. Believing Patrick to be sane, Lois authorizes his release, and arranges for Patrick to stay with the family. Patrick soon announces he has a wife, Marion, although she is imaginary and nobody else other than him can see her. This leads Brian and Stewie to believe he is crazy. Lois attempts to overlook the evidence, and instead tries to persuade Peter not to encourage people to be fat. Later Peter unintentionally frightens Patrick by dressing up like Ralph Kramden and repeatedly using one of Kramden's catchphrases \"Pow, right in the kisser!\" which brings back memories of Gleason telling him to get out. This triggers Patrick to start killing fat people. Lois' father, Carter, calls her and tells her how violent Patrick is, but she assures him Patrick is safe, although she becomes worried after seeing on the news that a fat man has been murdered. Lois remains in denial as more murders are committed, even though Brian tries to convince her that Patrick is the killer. Peter brings the fat men back to his home to protect them, but after learning from Brian that Patrick is the killer, a chase between the fat men and Patrick ensues. Brian, still at the house, shows Patrick's room to Lois, where several of his victims are either deceased or had been left for dead, and photographic evidence of Patrick killing them. Lois continues to make exaggerated excuses, still wanting to believe her brother is a nice person, but ultimately she snaps out of her denial and realizes that Patrick is a threat. Lois and Brian pursue Patrick and Peter into the woods, where Patrick is strangling Peter.", "Early in the game the Kiwi forward had attempted a tackle on Roach but the pair accidentally clashed heads, leaving Roach requiring stitches and Lonergan convulsing on the ground, though both would return to the game. Blocker was dropped after the Australian's shock 24-8 loss to NZ in the Melbourne test but was chosen for the end of season tour of Papua New Guinea.. However, Roach suffered a broken ankle in the first match of the tour which would prove to be his last appearance in any game for the Kangaroos In a game in 1990 against Manly at Brookvale Oval he received a four-week suspension for backchatting the referee Eddie Ward, whom Roach patted on the head after he was ordered from the field. Coming into physical contact with a referee is regarded as a serious offence and Roach was fortunate that no further action was taken. Roach did himself no favours in this incident when he gave the touch judge a verbal bashing on his way off the field. By the end of the 1992 season Roach had written an autobiography, \"Doing My Block\" and he became a commentator with the Nine Network as well as making appearances on \"The NRL Footy Show\". After a disagreement with fellow Channel 9 commentators Paul Vautin and Peter Sterling he was sacked by the network and signed by the official rugby league radio broadcaster 2UE, before later moving to 2GB with Ray Hadley and his Continuous Call Team. He has made further television appearances on the Seven Network's \"Sportsworld\" and is one of a number of former players who appear in radio, TV and print ads for the Lowes menswear chain. After a 3-year stint as assistant coach with Manly, Roach was appointed to the coaching committee of his beloved Tigers - now the Wests Tigers."], "answer": {"text": "greatest success in writing, gaining him fame, a following and invitations to events and interviews came late in his life,", "answer_start": 792}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947)", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other pen names did he use?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything besides prose fiction?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947) attracted little attention.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was any of his work besides Master and Commander turned into a movie?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_0_q#5", "question": "Did he win any literary prizes?", "rewrite": "Did Patrick O'Brian win any literary prizes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Some anonymous communication protocols offer anonymity at the cost of high bandwidth overhead, that means the number of messages exchanged between the protocol parties is really high. Some offer anonymity with the expense of latency overhead (there is a high delay between when the message is sent by the sender and when it is received by the receiver). There are protocols which aims to keep the bandwidth overhead and latency overhead low, but they can only provide a weak form of anonymity. The trilemma claims that blockchain systems can only at most have two of the following three properties:   Where c refers to the size of computational resources (including computation, bandwidth and storage) available to each node, and n to refer to the size of the ecosystem in some abstract sense. The CAP theorem, covering guarantees provided by distributed systems, and Zooko's triangle concerning naming of participants in network protocols. The \"Trilemma of the Earth\" (or \"3E Trilemma\") is a term used by scientists working on energy and environment protection. 3E Trilemma stands for Economy-Energy-Environment interaction. For the activation of economic development (E: Economy) to occur, we need to increase the energy expenditure (E: Energy) however this raises the environmental issue (E: Environment) of more emissions of pollutant gases. The \"\u017di\u017eek trilemma\" is a humorous formulation on the incompatibility of certain personal virtues under a constraining ideological framework. Often attributed to the philosopher Slavoj \u017di\u017eek, it is actually quoted by him as the product of an anonymous source: One cannot but recall here a witty formula of life under a hard Communist regime: Of the three features\u2014personal honesty, sincere support of the regime and intelligence\u2014it was possible to combine only two, never all three.", "Trilemma A trilemma is a difficult choice from three options, each of which is (or appears) unacceptable or unfavourable. There are two logically equivalent ways in which to express a trilemma: it can be expressed as a choice among three unfavourable options, one of which must be chosen, or as a choice among three favourable options, only two of which are possible at the same time. The term derives from the much older term \"dilemma\", a choice between two or more difficult or unfavourable alternatives. The earliest recorded use of the term was by the British preacher Philip Henry in 1672, and later, apparently independently, by the preacher Isaac Watts in 1725. One of the earliest uses of the trilemma formulation is that of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, rejecting the idea of an omnipotent and omnibenevolent god (as summarised by David Hume): Although traditionally ascribed to Epicurus and called Epicurus' trilemma, it has been suggested that it may actually be the work of an early skeptic writer, possibly Carneades. In studies of philosophy, discussions, and debates related to this trilemma are often referred to as being about the \"problem of evil\". One well-known trilemma is sometimes used by Christian apologists considered a proof of the divinity of Jesus, and is most commonly known in the version by C. S. Lewis. It proceeds from the premise that Jesus claimed to be God, and that therefore one of the following must be true: The trilemma, usually in Lewis' formulation, is often used in works of popular apologetics, although it is almost totally absent from discussions about the status of Jesus by professional theologians and biblical scholars.", "M\u00fcnchhausen trilemma In epistemology, the M\u00fcnchhausen trilemma is a thought experiment used to demonstrate the impossibility of proving any truth, even in the fields of logic and mathematics. If it is asked how any given proposition is known to be true, proof may be provided. Yet that same question can be asked of the proof, and any subsequent proof. The M\u00fcnchhausen trilemma is that there are only three options when providing further proof in response to further questioning: The trilemma, then, is the decision among the three equally unsatisfying options. The name \"M\u00fcnchhausen-Trilemma\" was coined by the German philosopher Hans Albert in 1968 in reference to a \"trilemma\" of \"dogmatism versus infinite regress versus psychologism\" used by Karl Popper. It is a reference to the problem of \"bootstrapping\", based on the story of Baron Munchausen (in German, \"M\u00fcnchhausen\") pulling himself and the horse on which he was sitting out of a mire by his own hair. It is also known as Agrippa's trilemma or the Agrippan trilemma after a similar argument by Sextus Empiricus, which was attributed to Agrippa the Skeptic by Diogenes La\u00ebrtius. Sextus' argument, however, consists of five (not three) \"modes\". Popper in his original 1935 publication mentions neither Sextus nor Agrippa, but attributes his trilemma to Jakob Fries. In contemporary epistemology, advocates of coherentism are supposed to accept the \"circular\" horn of the trilemma; foundationalists rely on the axiomatic argument. The view that accepts infinite regress is called infinitism.", "During the 1980s, Spanish narrative began appearing regularly on best seller lists for the first time since the pre-war era and many of this new generation became literary and cultural celebrities, living off their work as writers with all its blessing and curses, including the obligation to publish or perish. By the 1990s, the pressure to produce for the large publishing houses was clearly diminishing the early literary promise of some of these writers. On the other hand, some like Javier Mar\u00edas, after publishing since the early 1970s, finally achieved international fame, appearing on best-seller lists throughout Europe. Mar\u00edas's novels \"Coraz\u00f3n tan blanco\" (1992) and \"Ma\u00f1ana en la batalla piensa en m\u00ed\" (1994), and his ever-expanding experiment with real fiction (begun with 1989's \"Todas las almas\" and continued through weekly newspaper columns, 1998's \"Negra espalda del tiempo\", and extended in his 21st century trilogy, \"Tu rostro ma\u00f1ana\"), placed him on numerous critics\u00b4 Nobel Prize shortlists. The big money available through novel publishing manifest itself in the 1990s in the explosion of literary prizes, awarded in Spain, unlike the UK's Man Booker or the U.S.\u00b4s Pulitzer, to unpublished works. Literary prizes became little more than publicity opportunities. The long-standing Planeta and Nadal prizes, already media events, grew in importance and remuneration. They were joined during the decade by the Primavera, Alfaguara, and Lara Prizes, the return of the Caf\u00e9 Gij\u00f3n and the Biblioteca Breve prizes. Most carried large sums for the winners and guaranteed\u2014often obligated\u2014long international book tours. Into this economically charged mix stepped two new phenomena, the literary superstar and the literary celebrity.", "Lewis's trilemma Lewis's trilemma is an apologetic argument traditionally used to argue for the divinity of Jesus by arguing that the only alternatives were that he was evil or deluded. One version was popularised by University of Oxford literary scholar and writer C. S. Lewis in a BBC radio talk and in his writings. It is sometimes described as the \"Lunatic, Liar, or Lord\", or \"Mad, Bad, or God\" argument. It takes the form of a trilemma \u2014 a choice among three options, each of which is in some way difficult to accept. This argument is very popular with Christian apologists, although some theologians and biblical scholars do not view Jesus as having claimed to be God. Some argue that he identified himself as a divine agent, with a unique relationship to Israel's God. Others see him as wanting to direct attention to the divine kingdom he proclaimed. This argument has been used in various forms throughout church history. It was used by the American preacher Mark Hopkins in his book \"Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity\" (1846), based on lectures delivered in 1844. Another early use of this approach was by the Scots preacher \"Rabbi\" John Duncan (1796\u20131870), around 1859\u201360: Christ either deceived mankind by conscious fraud, or He was Himself deluded and self-deceived, or He was Divine. There is no getting out of this trilemma. It is inexorable. Other preachers who used this approach included Reuben Archer Torrey (1856\u20131928) and W. E. Biederwolf (1867\u20131939). The writer G.K. Chesterton used something similar to the trilemma in his book, \"The Everlasting Man\" (1925), which Lewis cited in 1962 as the second book that most influenced him."], "answer": {"text": "last completed novel was published in October 1999, O'Brian wrote an article for a series of the best in the millennium ending, titled Full Nelson,", "answer_start": 1007}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947)", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other pen names did he use?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything besides prose fiction?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947) attracted little attention.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was any of his work besides Master and Commander turned into a movie?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful when he was alive?", "answer": {"text": "greatest success in writing, gaining him fame, a following and invitations to events and interviews came late in his life,", "answer_start": 792, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_f7f12ed7e14a41259ad4d46b674c1b8f_0_q#6", "question": "What is he most famous for?", "rewrite": "What is Patrick O'Brian most famous for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Patrick again tries to communicate with Kathie, showing her which parts of his body he can feel; he sports an erection when she reaches his genitals. Cassidy catches Kathie but, while not sacking her, warns her to not entertain theories about Patrick's consciousness as she continues caring for him. Kathie returns to her apartment to find that Ed has cleaned up the mess and fixed her dinner. Ed handles a hot casserole dish and severely burns his hands, but says he didn't feel a thing. One night, Patrick possesses Kathie while she is typing and uses her to communicate a lewd and threatening message. He also takes over the typewriter to write an algebra equation she doesn't recognise. Meanwhile, Ed drops by the hospital with a bouquet and is lured into the broken lift by Patrick, who traps him inside. Kathie realizes he has psychic powers, but Brian is reluctant to take her claims seriously. When Brian makes an inquiry about examining Patrick, Cassidy sacks Kathie. After Roget subjects Patrick to electroconvulsive therapy, he uses the typewriter to tell Kathie that the hospital staff is trying to kill him. Kathie and Brian sneak into the hospital at night to examine Patrick. While this happens, Patrick compels Cassidy to return to the hospital, but she relents in opening the door to his room while they subject him to strobe lights. After the two leave, Patrick possesses Cassidy and causes her to fatally electrocute herself in the basement, then turns his head to look at a frightened nurse. Kathie is questioned about the blackout and is present when Cassidy's body is discovered. She persuades the investigating officer, Detective Sergeant Grant (Wilson), to speak to Brian about Patrick's abilities, but both men dismiss her claims that Patrick murdered the matron.", "You Can Play  You Can Play is a social activism campaign dedicated to the eradication of homophobia in sports, centered on the slogan, \"If you can play, you can play. \" The campaign was launched on March 4, 2012, by its three co-founders: Patrick Burke (a scout for the Philadelphia Flyers and son of former Toronto Maple Leafs GM Brian Burke), Brian Kitts, and Glenn Witman (both of GForce Sports). The campaign was precipitated by the death of Brendan Burke, son of Brian and brother of Patrick. You Can Play is an official partner of the National Hockey League. The current executive director of the organization is Wade Davis. Prior to his death, Brendan Burke was known for his efforts to combat homophobia in hockey. Brendan, a student manager for the Miami University RedHawks hockey team, came out publicly in 2009 as an openly gay man through an article written for ESPN.com by John Buccigross. Brendan appeared with father Brian on the Canadian channel TSN during an intermission of a nationally televised hockey game to discuss his sexuality and his father's acceptance. Brendan said, \"I think it's important my story is told to people because there are a lot of gay athletes out there and gay people working in pro sports that deserve to know there are safe environments where people are supportive regardless of your sexual orientation. \" Brendan died in a car crash on February 5, 2010. He was 21 years old. Brian and Patrick continued to combat homophobia in the NHL after Brendan's death; Patrick, along with Brian Kitts and Glenn Witman, founded You Can Play as a tribute to his brother. The name You Can Play originates from a piece Patrick Burke wrote for outsports.com.", "Peter hosts the first meeting of the association, but it is unsuccessful due to those attending were making too much noise, such as breathing heavily, farting, and munching junk food the entire way through. Believing Patrick to be sane, Lois authorizes his release, and arranges for Patrick to stay with the family. Patrick soon announces he has a wife, Marion, although she is imaginary and nobody else other than him can see her. This leads Brian and Stewie to believe he is crazy. Lois attempts to overlook the evidence, and instead tries to persuade Peter not to encourage people to be fat. Later Peter unintentionally frightens Patrick by dressing up like Ralph Kramden and repeatedly using one of Kramden's catchphrases \"Pow, right in the kisser!\" which brings back memories of Gleason telling him to get out. This triggers Patrick to start killing fat people. Lois' father, Carter, calls her and tells her how violent Patrick is, but she assures him Patrick is safe, although she becomes worried after seeing on the news that a fat man has been murdered. Lois remains in denial as more murders are committed, even though Brian tries to convince her that Patrick is the killer. Peter brings the fat men back to his home to protect them, but after learning from Brian that Patrick is the killer, a chase between the fat men and Patrick ensues. Brian, still at the house, shows Patrick's room to Lois, where several of his victims are either deceased or had been left for dead, and photographic evidence of Patrick killing them. Lois continues to make exaggerated excuses, still wanting to believe her brother is a nice person, but ultimately she snaps out of her denial and realizes that Patrick is a threat. Lois and Brian pursue Patrick and Peter into the woods, where Patrick is strangling Peter.", "Following his romantic failures, he talks with Spencer, his friend from Southend, who tells him that he is in legal trouble. Brian invites him to a party before he has to face the judge. During the party, Patrick insults Spencer's upbringing and belittles him. Spencer hits Patrick in the face and disrupts the event. Afterwards, Brian shares a drink with Rebecca and tries to apologise for his own behaviour. However, Rebecca still feels Brian loves Alice and encourages him to follow his heart and tell Alice how he feels. He takes her advice and arrives at Alice's flat to declare his love, but discovers Spencer there. Excited by his violent behaviour at the party, Alice had invited him back. Brian feels betrayed by them both, since he had told Spencer how he felt about Alice. Brian gets depressed and struggles with concentrating during \"University Challenge\" practices and his studies, threatening his university place. Patrick becomes frustrated with Brian, and as they arrive for their \"University Challenge\" match, berates him for his lack of focus. Brian head butts Patrick in response, but only ends up knocking himself unconscious. He is revived backstage by Rebecca who has come to watch the show and gives him encouragement before he is escorted to the set. However, as he is being brought back to his team, Brian is briefly left with an open envelope containing the quiz questions. He reads one of the cards before putting it back in the envelope, and, inspired by the relative ease of the question, rejoins his team. The match starts off poorly, with nerves clearly getting to Patrick as he fails to answer several questions and puts the team in a hole. Brian slowly but surely digs them out of it, getting into his swing as he answers question after question.", "Claude Patrick Claude Patrick (born June 14, 1980) is a Canadian retired mixed martial artist. Patrick most recently competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), fighting in their Welterweight division. Claude Patrick was born and raised in Mississauga, Ontario, just outside Toronto. His parents are from Jamaica. Patrick's martial arts journey started with karate at the age of thirteen. His parents signed him up for three months, then he took up Muay Thai and jiu-jitsu, and has been using those styles ever since. He went to school at Port Credit Secondary School in Mississauga. Patrick made his professional debut in 2002. He has fought for smaller promotions including King of the Cage Canada, The Fight Club and the International Fight League. In 2006 he moved to Montreal, Quebec for 8 months to train with Georges St-Pierre. Before signing with the UFC, he amassed a career of 11 wins and 1 loss. In March 2010, the UFC announced it had signed Patrick to a four-fight contract. He made his UFC debut on against Ricardo Funch on June 12, 2010 at UFC 115. In the second round, Patrick submitted his opponent with a guillotine choke. Patrick next defeated TUF 9 winner James Wilks via unanimous decision at UFC 120 on October 16, 2010. Patrick faced Daniel Roberts on April 30, 2011 at UFC 129. Patrick won via unanimous decision in a close fight after winning the first two rounds. Patrick replaced an injured Rory MacDonald at UFC 140 and faced Brian Ebersole, losing for the first time in the UFC via split decision. Patrick was expected to face James Head on July 21, 2012 at . However, Patrick was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Brian Ebersole."], "answer": {"text": "greatest success in writing, gaining him fame, a following and invitations to events and interviews came late in his life,", "answer_start": 792}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What did Patrick O'Brian publish as Patrick O'Brian?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947)", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other pen names did he use?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he write anything besides prose fiction?", "answer": {"text": "non-fiction anthology A Book of Voyages (1947) attracted little attention.", "answer_start": 77, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was any of his work besides Master and Commander turned into a movie?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he successful when he was alive?", "answer": {"text": "greatest success in writing, gaining him fame, a following and invitations to events and interviews came late in his life,", "answer_start": 792, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "Did he win any literary prizes?", "answer": {"text": "last completed novel was published in October 1999, O'Brian wrote an article for a series of the best in the millennium ending, titled Full Nelson,", "answer_start": 1007, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_3650f3f2af034ac3a365fbebbfcb566a_1_q#0", "question": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "rewrite": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Back in the Saddle Tour The Back in the Saddle Tour was a comeback concert tour by American rock group Aerosmith, which had been relatively inactive for several years. The tour began on June 22, 1984, in Concord, New Hampshire and ended on January 18, 1985, in Columbus, Ohio. Formed in 1970, Aerosmith was on hard times by the early 1980s. Vocalist Steven Tyler had been drinking heavily, and his voice had suffered. Lead guitarist Joe Perry was addicted to heroin. The relationship between the two most prominent members of the band had deteriorated to \"hostility\". Discussing his relationship with Perry, Tyler said \"I hated his guts. I said 'I never want to fucking play on the same stage with you again'.\" Joe Perry quit the band in 1979 and embarked on solo career with The Joe Perry Project. Guitarist Brad Whitford also quit to work with Derek St. Holmes and later joined Perry's band. Most of Aerosmith's ventures without Perry and Whitford were unsuccessful. Many fans believed that this was the end of Aerosmith. In 1983, the original band members \"started drifting back together\". Perry had kicked his heroin habit, and although Tyler was still drinking, he was in somewhat better control of himself. Tyler had concluded that \"Time heals all wounds. Joe is nothing without me, and I'm nothing without him. \" They faced problems, however, as the \"group had no current album or record deal.\" To jump start their career, the band decided on a tour of the United States, considering as many as 70 performances. In its final form, the tour consisted of 58 performances. Doubts were expressed as to whether Aerosmith could make a comeback. \" Cynics may suggest that the reunion dubbed the Back in the Saddle Tour is all the band has going for it.", "The Joe Perry Project The Joe Perry Project is an American rock band formed by Aerosmith lead guitarist Joe Perry. Perry formed the band shortly before his departure from Aerosmith in 1979. The Joe Perry Project signed a record deal almost immediately after Perry's exit from the band with Aerosmith's label, Columbia Records, who were disappointed with the chaos in the Aerosmith camp and hoping to maneuver Perry back into Aerosmith. The Project, with its debut album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" played mostly around the Boston area in smaller venues. Aerosmith replaced Perry with guitarist Jimmy Crespo and after, Rick Dufay was brought on to replace Brad Whitford, Aerosmith's other original guitarist, after his departure shortly after Joe Perry's. After several line-up changes over the next few years and 2 more albums with dismal sales the Joe Perry Project dissolved in 1984 when Perry agreed to reunite with Aerosmith (Brad Whitford also rejoined bringing the band back to its original form) and the band went on to have arguably the greatest \"comeback\" story in music history. Joe Perry has reformed the JPP several times since, but, just as a side project to stay busy during downtime with Aerosmith. The original band line-up consisted of Joe Perry on guitar and sometimes lead vocal, Ralph Morman, on lead vocals, bassist David Hull, and drummer Ronnie Stewart. This line-up recorded the band's 1980 debut album, \"Let the Music Do the Talking\", which was produced by long-time Aerosmith producer Jack Douglas. The album was fairly well received and sold a respectable 250,000 copies in America within its first six months of release. In June of 1980, while on tour in support of the album, Ralph Morman was fired from the band due to issues with alcohol and his undependable and unpredictable behavior.", "Let the Music Do the Talking (song) \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" is a song recorded by The Joe Perry Project in 1980 and later re-recorded by the re-united Aerosmith in 1985. It was written by Joe Perry. After guitarist Joe Perry left Aerosmith in 1979, he formed a new band, The Joe Perry Project. The band's first album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was released in 1980. In 1984, Perry and Brad Whitford rejoined Aerosmith. Aerosmith recorded the album \"Done with Mirrors\" in 1985. Lead singer Steven Tyler and the other band members liked Perry's \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" and decided to include it on the new album. The song was re-recorded with mostly new lyrics sung by Tyler, and the running time was reduced by about a minute. The song was issued as a single shortly after the album's release, peaking at #18 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. A music video for the Aerosmith version of the song was created in 1985, featuring the band performing live at the Orpheum Theatre in Boston while being filmed illegally by a few teenage fans. The venue's white shirted security guards that appear in the video were actually bouncers recruited earlier in the evening from Boston's now defunct Channel nightclub. The video was directed by Jerry Kramer. The song was a live staple for Aerosmith in the 1987-88 tour in support of \"Permanent Vacation\" and the band has regularly rotated the song into its setlist since then. A version of \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was also included on the live album \"Classics Live II\", released in 1987.", "Joe Perry (album) Joe Perry is the first solo album by Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry, released on May 3, 2005 on Sony BMG. \" Joe Perry\" is his first solo album without The Joe Perry Project. The album peaked at #110 at the Billboard charts. \" Joe Perry\" was released as a regular CD and a DualDisc. Joe Perry performed all guitars, bass, keyboards and vocals on the record leaving only the drums and percussion to the album's co-producer, Paul Caruso. This album contains a cover of \"The Crystal Ship\", a song by The Doors. Three of the songs from the album (\"Mercy\", \"Shakin' My Cage\" and \"Talk Talkin'\") are included as playable bonus tracks in \"\". Album - Billboard (North America)", "Have Guitar , Will Travel (Joe Perry album) Have Guitar , Will Travel is the fifth solo album by Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry, released on October 6, 2009 on Roman Records. In addition to Perry (lead guitar, vocals), the album features German vocalist Hagen Grohe, Joe Perry Project bassist David Hull, pianist Willie Alexander, organ player Paul Santo, and drummers Marty Richards, Ben Tileston and Scott Meeder. According to Perry, one of the reasons for releasing another solo album is \"because you can get out there and do whatever you want and you don't have to answer to anybody. \" The album's first single was \"We've Got a Long Way to Go.\" The title is a snowclone of the phrase \" Have Gun \u2013 Will Travel\", and also possibly a reference to the 1960 album of the same name by Bo Diddley. In February 2010, the album received its UK release alongside issue 142 of \"Classic Rock\" magazine. Editor Scott Rowley states that: \"To our knowledge, it's the first time that a music magazine has given away a complete album. \" The issue featured an exclusive interview with Aerosmith and a 'track-by-track' interview with Perry about \"Have Guitar, Will Travel\". For Joe Perry's next solo album, he originally planned to contact notable musicians and record an album featuring 'guest appearances'. Perry states that he considered contacting the likes of Jimmy Page, Slash, Scott Weiland, Robin Zander but ultimately decided not to. Following aborted plans to record Aerosmith's fifteenth studio album with producer Brendan O'Brien, Perry decided to record another solo album with his newly assembled band which included vocalist Hagen Grohe, bassist David Hull, pianist Willie Alexander, organ player Paul Santo, and drummers Marty Richards, Ben Tileston and Scott Meeder."], "answer": {"text": "Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them and the band became Aerosmith.", "answer_start": 83}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_3650f3f2af034ac3a365fbebbfcb566a_1_q#1", "question": "Where did the name Aerosmith come from?", "rewrite": "Where did the name Aerosmith come from in association to Joe Perry (musician)??", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Have Guitar , Will Travel (Joe Perry album) Have Guitar , Will Travel is the fifth solo album by Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry, released on October 6, 2009 on Roman Records. In addition to Perry (lead guitar, vocals), the album features German vocalist Hagen Grohe, Joe Perry Project bassist David Hull, pianist Willie Alexander, organ player Paul Santo, and drummers Marty Richards, Ben Tileston and Scott Meeder. According to Perry, one of the reasons for releasing another solo album is \"because you can get out there and do whatever you want and you don't have to answer to anybody. \" The album's first single was \"We've Got a Long Way to Go.\" The title is a snowclone of the phrase \" Have Gun \u2013 Will Travel\", and also possibly a reference to the 1960 album of the same name by Bo Diddley. In February 2010, the album received its UK release alongside issue 142 of \"Classic Rock\" magazine. Editor Scott Rowley states that: \"To our knowledge, it's the first time that a music magazine has given away a complete album. \" The issue featured an exclusive interview with Aerosmith and a 'track-by-track' interview with Perry about \"Have Guitar, Will Travel\". For Joe Perry's next solo album, he originally planned to contact notable musicians and record an album featuring 'guest appearances'. Perry states that he considered contacting the likes of Jimmy Page, Slash, Scott Weiland, Robin Zander but ultimately decided not to. Following aborted plans to record Aerosmith's fifteenth studio album with producer Brendan O'Brien, Perry decided to record another solo album with his newly assembled band which included vocalist Hagen Grohe, bassist David Hull, pianist Willie Alexander, organ player Paul Santo, and drummers Marty Richards, Ben Tileston and Scott Meeder.", "Back in the Saddle Tour The Back in the Saddle Tour was a comeback concert tour by American rock group Aerosmith, which had been relatively inactive for several years. The tour began on June 22, 1984, in Concord, New Hampshire and ended on January 18, 1985, in Columbus, Ohio. Formed in 1970, Aerosmith was on hard times by the early 1980s. Vocalist Steven Tyler had been drinking heavily, and his voice had suffered. Lead guitarist Joe Perry was addicted to heroin. The relationship between the two most prominent members of the band had deteriorated to \"hostility\". Discussing his relationship with Perry, Tyler said \"I hated his guts. I said 'I never want to fucking play on the same stage with you again'.\" Joe Perry quit the band in 1979 and embarked on solo career with The Joe Perry Project. Guitarist Brad Whitford also quit to work with Derek St. Holmes and later joined Perry's band. Most of Aerosmith's ventures without Perry and Whitford were unsuccessful. Many fans believed that this was the end of Aerosmith. In 1983, the original band members \"started drifting back together\". Perry had kicked his heroin habit, and although Tyler was still drinking, he was in somewhat better control of himself. Tyler had concluded that \"Time heals all wounds. Joe is nothing without me, and I'm nothing without him. \" They faced problems, however, as the \"group had no current album or record deal.\" To jump start their career, the band decided on a tour of the United States, considering as many as 70 performances. In its final form, the tour consisted of 58 performances. Doubts were expressed as to whether Aerosmith could make a comeback. \" Cynics may suggest that the reunion dubbed the Back in the Saddle Tour is all the band has going for it.", "The Joe Perry Project The Joe Perry Project is an American rock band formed by Aerosmith lead guitarist Joe Perry. Perry formed the band shortly before his departure from Aerosmith in 1979. The Joe Perry Project signed a record deal almost immediately after Perry's exit from the band with Aerosmith's label, Columbia Records, who were disappointed with the chaos in the Aerosmith camp and hoping to maneuver Perry back into Aerosmith. The Project, with its debut album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" played mostly around the Boston area in smaller venues. Aerosmith replaced Perry with guitarist Jimmy Crespo and after, Rick Dufay was brought on to replace Brad Whitford, Aerosmith's other original guitarist, after his departure shortly after Joe Perry's. After several line-up changes over the next few years and 2 more albums with dismal sales the Joe Perry Project dissolved in 1984 when Perry agreed to reunite with Aerosmith (Brad Whitford also rejoined bringing the band back to its original form) and the band went on to have arguably the greatest \"comeback\" story in music history. Joe Perry has reformed the JPP several times since, but, just as a side project to stay busy during downtime with Aerosmith. The original band line-up consisted of Joe Perry on guitar and sometimes lead vocal, Ralph Morman, on lead vocals, bassist David Hull, and drummer Ronnie Stewart. This line-up recorded the band's 1980 debut album, \"Let the Music Do the Talking\", which was produced by long-time Aerosmith producer Jack Douglas. The album was fairly well received and sold a respectable 250,000 copies in America within its first six months of release. In June of 1980, while on tour in support of the album, Ralph Morman was fired from the band due to issues with alcohol and his undependable and unpredictable behavior.", "Joe Perry (album) Joe Perry is the first solo album by Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry, released on May 3, 2005 on Sony BMG. \" Joe Perry\" is his first solo album without The Joe Perry Project. The album peaked at #110 at the Billboard charts. \" Joe Perry\" was released as a regular CD and a DualDisc. Joe Perry performed all guitars, bass, keyboards and vocals on the record leaving only the drums and percussion to the album's co-producer, Paul Caruso. This album contains a cover of \"The Crystal Ship\", a song by The Doors. Three of the songs from the album (\"Mercy\", \"Shakin' My Cage\" and \"Talk Talkin'\") are included as playable bonus tracks in \"\". Album - Billboard (North America)", "Let the Music Do the Talking (song) \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" is a song recorded by The Joe Perry Project in 1980 and later re-recorded by the re-united Aerosmith in 1985. It was written by Joe Perry. After guitarist Joe Perry left Aerosmith in 1979, he formed a new band, The Joe Perry Project. The band's first album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was released in 1980. In 1984, Perry and Brad Whitford rejoined Aerosmith. Aerosmith recorded the album \"Done with Mirrors\" in 1985. Lead singer Steven Tyler and the other band members liked Perry's \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" and decided to include it on the new album. The song was re-recorded with mostly new lyrics sung by Tyler, and the running time was reduced by about a minute. The song was issued as a single shortly after the album's release, peaking at #18 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. A music video for the Aerosmith version of the song was created in 1985, featuring the band performing live at the Orpheum Theatre in Boston while being filmed illegally by a few teenage fans. The venue's white shirted security guards that appear in the video were actually bouncers recruited earlier in the evening from Boston's now defunct Channel nightclub. The video was directed by Jerry Kramer. The song was a live staple for Aerosmith in the 1987-88 tour in support of \"Permanent Vacation\" and the band has regularly rotated the song into its setlist since then. A version of \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was also included on the live album \"Classics Live II\", released in 1987."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "answer": {"text": "Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them and the band became Aerosmith.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3650f3f2af034ac3a365fbebbfcb566a_1_q#2", "question": "When was the group formed?", "rewrite": "When was the Formation and initial success of Aerosmith formed?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Joe Perry Project The Joe Perry Project is an American rock band formed by Aerosmith lead guitarist Joe Perry. Perry formed the band shortly before his departure from Aerosmith in 1979. The Joe Perry Project signed a record deal almost immediately after Perry's exit from the band with Aerosmith's label, Columbia Records, who were disappointed with the chaos in the Aerosmith camp and hoping to maneuver Perry back into Aerosmith. The Project, with its debut album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" played mostly around the Boston area in smaller venues. Aerosmith replaced Perry with guitarist Jimmy Crespo and after, Rick Dufay was brought on to replace Brad Whitford, Aerosmith's other original guitarist, after his departure shortly after Joe Perry's. After several line-up changes over the next few years and 2 more albums with dismal sales the Joe Perry Project dissolved in 1984 when Perry agreed to reunite with Aerosmith (Brad Whitford also rejoined bringing the band back to its original form) and the band went on to have arguably the greatest \"comeback\" story in music history. Joe Perry has reformed the JPP several times since, but, just as a side project to stay busy during downtime with Aerosmith. The original band line-up consisted of Joe Perry on guitar and sometimes lead vocal, Ralph Morman, on lead vocals, bassist David Hull, and drummer Ronnie Stewart. This line-up recorded the band's 1980 debut album, \"Let the Music Do the Talking\", which was produced by long-time Aerosmith producer Jack Douglas. The album was fairly well received and sold a respectable 250,000 copies in America within its first six months of release. In June of 1980, while on tour in support of the album, Ralph Morman was fired from the band due to issues with alcohol and his undependable and unpredictable behavior.", "Lerik, Azerbaijan Lerik is the capital city of Lerik Rayon in the southern area of Azerbaijan not far from the Iranian border. It is located in the Talysh Mountains, a northwestern subrange of the Alborz (\"Elburz\") mountain range. Lerik can be considered as one of the ancient settlements of Azerbaijan. There are imprints of ancient people who were living In the caves. Nowadays there are settlement imprints which belong to bronze-Neolithic ages. Lerik became a center of Zuvand Region of Azerbaijan SSR. In 1930 this region was renamed as Lerik. According to census back in 1939 main population of Lerik were talysh  people . One of the sightseeing  is Buzeir cave. In 19th century Jacques de Morgan has discovered the specimen of  human imprints belonging to Neolithic era. Professor Asadulla Jafarov has discovered an ancient settlement which belongs to paleolith era. Lerik city population 1939(approximately after 10 years of rename by Azerbaijan SSR): Demographics now(according to 2009 census) Most of the population nowadays are Azerbaijani and Talysh people which is more than 99% of entire Lerik region population. But we can see the shift in correlation between Azeri and Talysh people, where Azerbaijani ethnic group is now major group. National reservation of Zuvand was created in Lerik region to maintain the flora and fauna. The area of national reservation covers 40.3 hectars of land. National academy has settled Botanical Research center, where active observations and researches are made. These forests are habitats for wolves, bears, foxes, wild cats, boars and other animals.", "R\u00e9gnard Peaks R\u00e9gnard Peaks () is a group of rounded, snow-covered peaks probably over , standing north of Mount Peary on Kiev Peninsula, on the west coast of Graham Land. They were discovered and named by the French Antarctic Expedition under J.B. Charcot, 1908-10.", "Richard James Holwell Birch General Sir Richard James Holwell Birch (26 January 1803 \u2013 25 February 1875) was a British officer of the Bengal Army of the East India Company, who served during the Sikh Wars and the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He came from a well-known Anglo-Indian family, and was the son of Richard Comyns Birch, of the Bengal Civil Service, and afterwards of Writtle, Essex, who was a grandson of John Zephaniah Holwell, author of the famous account of his sufferings in the Black Hole of Calcutta. Birch was born in 1803 and received a commission as an ensign in the infantry of the Bengal Army in 1821. His numerous circle of relations in India ensured his rapid promotion and almost continuous service on the staff, and after acting as deputy-judge advocate-general at Meerut, and as assistant secretary in the military department at Calcutta, he was appointed judge-advocate-general to the forces in Bengal in 1841. In the same capacity he accompanied the army in the First Sikh War of 1845 to 1846, was mentioned in despatches, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel for his services. In the Second Sikh War, in 1849, Birch was appointed to the temporary command of a brigade after the Battle of Chillianwallah. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Gujrat, and was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1849, and continued to serve as brigadier-general in Sir Colin Campbell's campaign in the Kohat Pass in 1850. He then reverted to his appointment at headquarters, and in 1852 received the still more important post of secretary to the Company government in the military department. While in this office, he was promoted to colonel in 1854, major-general in 1858, and still held the secretaryship when the Indian Mutiny broke out in 1857.", "The band has been recognized in their native Boston, receiving the awards for \"Outstanding Rock Band\" and \"Best Rock Video\" in 1992 from the Boston Music Awards. Aerosmith has also collected six American Music Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, two People's Choice Awards, and many other awards and honors. Overall, Aerosmith has received 32 awards from 79 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Aerosmith has received six awards from ten nominations. The Billboard Music Awards are sponsored by \"Billboard\" magazine and is held annually in December. Aerosmith has received four awards from five nominations. The Boston Music Awards are an annual awards show held in Boston, Massachusetts. Aerosmith has received two awards from six nominations. Delivered since 1991, the GAFFA Awards are a Danish award that rewards popular music by the magazine of the same name. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Aerosmith has received four awards from 17 nominations. Aerosmith will be honored as MusiCares Person of the Year in 2020. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Aerosmith has received two awards. The MTV Movie Awards is a film awards show presented annually on the MTV television network. Aerosmith has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. Aerosmith has received 10 awards from 36 nominations. The People's Choice Awards is an awards show that has been held annually since 1975. Aerosmith has received two awards. The Soul Train Music Awards is annual award show that honors the best in black music and entertainment. It has been held annually since 1987. Aerosmith has received one award, which they shared with Run-D.M.C.. The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company."], "answer": {"text": "mid-1970s", "answer_start": 279}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "answer": {"text": "Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them and the band became Aerosmith.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the name Aerosmith come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3650f3f2af034ac3a365fbebbfcb566a_1_q#3", "question": "When did they get their first major gig?", "rewrite": "When did Formation and initial success of Aerosmith get their first major gig?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 2008, Sziget Festival lasted from 11 to 18 August. The festival, instead of 7+1 days as in 2007, was 5+2 days long, with a \"zeroeth day\" that featured one major gig (Iron Maiden) and a special \"minus first day\" called \"Day of Hungarian Songs\" that headlined a number of popular Hungarian rock bands (including LGT and Beatrice). As well as Iron Maiden, R.E.M., Mass Hysteria, Babyshambles, Sex Pistols, Jamiroquai, Anti-Flag, Flogging Molly, Alanis Morissette, The Killers, The Kooks, Kaiser Chiefs, The Cribs, Speak and many other were also confirmed, the day of their performance is available at the Sziget website. The length of the festival was reduced so that the residents living in the neighborhoods nearby would have less trouble because of the noise. The organizers plan to take further steps to reduce noise: the metal stage will be open until 11 pm only and noise filtering walls will be built near the noisiest stages. Sziget 2009 was 10\u201317 August 2009. The festival had a 5+2 day schedule again. The \"zeroeth day\" had a Rock Against Racism concert, featuring mostly Hungarian bands. The \"minus first day\" had one major gig again, this time the 20th anniversary concert of Hungarian rock band Tankcsapda. The Lineup: Main Stage IAMX, Nouvelle Vague, Ska-P, Snow Patrol, Lily Allen, Miss Platnum, The Ting Tings, Die Toten Hosen, Bloc Party, Fatboy Slim, Haydamaky, Jet, Primal Scream, Pendulum, The Prodigy, The Subways, Editors, Klaxons, Manic Street Preachers, Placebo, Disco Ensemble, Danko Jones, Max\u00efmo Park, The Offspring, Faith", "Bayh continued to advocate for the direct election of the president, speaking with lawmakers around the country about the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact, in which states agree to pledge their presidential electors to the winner of the national popular vote once a majority of presidential electors join the compact. Bayh served on the advisory board of the non-profit, National Popular Vote, Inc.  Bayh served as a member of the J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board, as co-chair of the University of Virginia's Miller Center National Commission on Presidential Disability and the Twenty-Fifth Amendment, and as founding chairman of the National Institute Against Prejudice and Violence. In 2003, Indianapolis's historic U.S. Courthouse and Post Office was renamed in Bayh's honor as the Birch Bayh Federal Building and United States Courthouse. In 2009, Indiana State University named their College of Education after the Bayh family; Senator Bayh was the fourth member of the Bayh family to attend Indiana State University (following his grandmother, father and mother); his late wife, Marvella Hern Bayh, was also an alumna of Indiana State University. Bayh's first wife was Marvella Hern of Enid, Oklahoma. Their son Evan Bayh was born on December 26, 1955. Marvella Bayh died of breast cancer on April 24, 1979. Bayh subsequently married Katherine \"Kitty\" Halpin in 1981. Their son Christopher was born on July 22, 1982. Birch and Kitty Bayh resided in Easton, Maryland. He was a fellow at the C.V Starr Center for the study of the American Experience of Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland. Bayh died of pneumonia on March 14, 2019, in Easton, Maryland, at the age of 91.", "The Zeros (American band) The Zeros are an American punk rock band, formed in 1976 in Chula Vista, California. The band were originally composed of Javier Escovedo (younger brother of Alejandro Escovedo, older brother of Mario Escovedo of The Dragons) on vocals/guitar and Robert Lopez (later known as El Vez) on guitar, who were both attending Chula Vista High School; Hector Penalosa, (bass), and Baba Chenelle, (drums), who attended Sweetwater High School. Sometimes compared to the Ramones, the band was considered a pioneer of punk rock on the West Coast. In 1977, The Zeros played their first major gig in Los Angeles at the Orpheum. Opening the show was the first performance by The Germs, followed by The Zeros and then The Weirdos. The gig was promoted by Peter Case of The Nerves, who later served as the frontman of The Breakaways and The Plimsouls. The Zeros' first single release, \"Wimp\" b/w \"Don't Push Me Around\", was released in 1977 on Bomp! Records. In 1978, Penalosa left the band briefly to live and play in Los Angeles, and was replaced by Guy Lopez, Robert Lopez's brother. Soon after, Robert left to live in Los Angeles as well, and his brother quit the Zeros. Penalosa rejoined the band and they continued as a trio, and eventually relocated to San Francisco. In March 1979, UK music magazine \"NME\" reported that \"punk riots had come to the U.S., when Los Angeles police broke up a Zeros' gig at Elks Hall.\" In 1980, the band recorded a new single, including the songs", "The Campaign for Real Ale held the Great British Beer Festival there from 1977 to 1980 (the 1980 edition taking place in tents outside the fire-damaged Alexandra Palace). After the fire, the burnt-out shell of the great hall of Alexandra Palace was used as Victory Square in Michael Radford's 1984 film adaptation of George Orwell's novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\". The Sinclair C5 battery electric vehicle was launched at the palace in January 1985, one week after the closure of the 405-line television system that was inaugurated there 49 years earlier. In November 1989 the Stone Roses played their first major gig in the South of England at Alexandra Palace, notable particularly as the band sold the venue out before being featured significantly in the music press or making any national television appearances. Hugh Cornwell played his last gig with the Stranglers at Alexandra Palace in August 1990. Blur performed a major concert at the venue in October 1994 to promote their album \"Parklife\". The recording of the concert was released on video in February 1995 with the title \"Showtime\" and used as the basis for the video for the band's song \"End of a Century\". From 1993 to 1995, the Brit Awards were hosted at Alexandra Palace. In November 1996 it was the venue for the annual MTV Europe Music Awards. The fourth Mind Sports Olympiad was held at Alexandra Palace in August 2000, with more than 4,000 competitors from around the world taking part in mind sports. In June 2007, a Hackday event was hosted at Alexandra Palace by the BBC and Yahoo! During the event, the building was struck by lightning, causing the fire vents to open (and then get stuck open), and it rained inside the building.", "Blue Army (Aerosmith) Aerosmith's Blue Army is the American hard rock band's nickname for their loyal fanbase. The term was coined by the band around 1975. \"Blue\" referred to the blue denim jeans and jean jackets as well as the blue collar demographic of their fans. \"Army\" referred to their loyalty, youthfulness, and tough demeanor. Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry describes the Blue Army: \"We drove up to the gig and the line went around the building, long-haired teenage boys wearing blue denim jackets and jeans. An army of blue jeans. Our people.\" He also describes them as being predominantly male: \"Aerosmith back then was definitely a guy thing. It used to be the only girls at Aerosmith shows were the ones hoping to blow us on the bus.\" The \"army\" characteristic of Aerosmith fans (and hard rock fans in general) in the 1970s was also often alluded to in the press. A \"Rolling Stone magazine\" review described fans arriving at an Aerosmith concert in Pontiac, Michigan on May 8, 1976 as \"a boozy army of hard hats coming to dismantle the place. They looked like hell. Nobody dresses up for concerts anymore. \" The band and fans still often use the term, more informally however, to describe Aerosmith's fan base. Aerosmith's official fan club is called Aero Force One. Aerosmith named their 2015 concert tour, \"The Blue Army Tour\", in honor of their fanbase."], "answer": {"text": "While initially dismissed as The Rolling Stones knock-offs, the band came into its own during the mid-1970s with a string of hit records.", "answer_start": 181}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "answer": {"text": "Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them and the band became Aerosmith.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the name Aerosmith come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the group formed?", "answer": {"text": "mid-1970s", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3650f3f2af034ac3a365fbebbfcb566a_1_q#4", "question": "What was their first hit?", "rewrite": "What was Formation and initial success of Aerosmith's first hit?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Joe Perry Project The Joe Perry Project is an American rock band formed by Aerosmith lead guitarist Joe Perry. Perry formed the band shortly before his departure from Aerosmith in 1979. The Joe Perry Project signed a record deal almost immediately after Perry's exit from the band with Aerosmith's label, Columbia Records, who were disappointed with the chaos in the Aerosmith camp and hoping to maneuver Perry back into Aerosmith. The Project, with its debut album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" played mostly around the Boston area in smaller venues. Aerosmith replaced Perry with guitarist Jimmy Crespo and after, Rick Dufay was brought on to replace Brad Whitford, Aerosmith's other original guitarist, after his departure shortly after Joe Perry's. After several line-up changes over the next few years and 2 more albums with dismal sales the Joe Perry Project dissolved in 1984 when Perry agreed to reunite with Aerosmith (Brad Whitford also rejoined bringing the band back to its original form) and the band went on to have arguably the greatest \"comeback\" story in music history. Joe Perry has reformed the JPP several times since, but, just as a side project to stay busy during downtime with Aerosmith. The original band line-up consisted of Joe Perry on guitar and sometimes lead vocal, Ralph Morman, on lead vocals, bassist David Hull, and drummer Ronnie Stewart. This line-up recorded the band's 1980 debut album, \"Let the Music Do the Talking\", which was produced by long-time Aerosmith producer Jack Douglas. The album was fairly well received and sold a respectable 250,000 copies in America within its first six months of release. In June of 1980, while on tour in support of the album, Ralph Morman was fired from the band due to issues with alcohol and his undependable and unpredictable behavior.", "The band has been recognized in their native Boston, receiving the awards for \"Outstanding Rock Band\" and \"Best Rock Video\" in 1992 from the Boston Music Awards. Aerosmith has also collected six American Music Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, two People's Choice Awards, and many other awards and honors. Overall, Aerosmith has received 32 awards from 79 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Aerosmith has received six awards from ten nominations. The Billboard Music Awards are sponsored by \"Billboard\" magazine and is held annually in December. Aerosmith has received four awards from five nominations. The Boston Music Awards are an annual awards show held in Boston, Massachusetts. Aerosmith has received two awards from six nominations. Delivered since 1991, the GAFFA Awards are a Danish award that rewards popular music by the magazine of the same name. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Aerosmith has received four awards from 17 nominations. Aerosmith will be honored as MusiCares Person of the Year in 2020. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Aerosmith has received two awards. The MTV Movie Awards is a film awards show presented annually on the MTV television network. Aerosmith has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. Aerosmith has received 10 awards from 36 nominations. The People's Choice Awards is an awards show that has been held annually since 1975. Aerosmith has received two awards. The Soul Train Music Awards is annual award show that honors the best in black music and entertainment. It has been held annually since 1987. Aerosmith has received one award, which they shared with Run-D.M.C.. The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "As with some of the previous installments in the series, \"Guitar Hero: Aerosmith\" is available as both a standalone disc and as part of a bundle. This bundle includes the \"Gibson Les Paul\" controller and a special red faceplate with the Aerosmith logo in white. The bundle also includes a tour book for the game listing the songs featured in the game. The special Aerosmith bundle is available for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Wii versions. The Playstation 2 bundle includes the Kramer Wireless controller included with \"\". There is also a very limited edition bundle for the PlayStation 2 at Wal-Mart. This bundle comes with the game and two wired Gibson SG guitar controllers as bundled with the original Guitar Hero and its sequel. \"Guitar Hero: Aerosmith\" soundtrack consists of 41 songs; thirty are playable during Career mode and another 11 songs are unlockable in the vault. Twenty-nine of the songs are from Aerosmith, while the other twelve songs are from bands that inspired or have played with Aerosmith in the past. Most of the songs are master recordings, including four Aerosmith songs that were re-recorded for this game. Four songs are covers\u2014two performed by Wavegroup Sound and two by Steve Ouimette. The game has received generally mixed reviews. Many reviews found the game avoided some of Aerosmith's \"more popular sugar-coated hits...like 'Amazing', 'Crazy', or 'I Don't Wanna Miss a Thing'\", but felt that other major Aerosmith songs could have also been included. \" Game Informer\" noted that \"creating a band specific game was smart\", but that \"very little has changed from the base game\". They also complimented the great job that Activision did with their motion captures of Aerosmith.", "Lerik, Azerbaijan Lerik is the capital city of Lerik Rayon in the southern area of Azerbaijan not far from the Iranian border. It is located in the Talysh Mountains, a northwestern subrange of the Alborz (\"Elburz\") mountain range. Lerik can be considered as one of the ancient settlements of Azerbaijan. There are imprints of ancient people who were living In the caves. Nowadays there are settlement imprints which belong to bronze-Neolithic ages. Lerik became a center of Zuvand Region of Azerbaijan SSR. In 1930 this region was renamed as Lerik. According to census back in 1939 main population of Lerik were talysh  people . One of the sightseeing  is Buzeir cave. In 19th century Jacques de Morgan has discovered the specimen of  human imprints belonging to Neolithic era. Professor Asadulla Jafarov has discovered an ancient settlement which belongs to paleolith era. Lerik city population 1939(approximately after 10 years of rename by Azerbaijan SSR): Demographics now(according to 2009 census) Most of the population nowadays are Azerbaijani and Talysh people which is more than 99% of entire Lerik region population. But we can see the shift in correlation between Azeri and Talysh people, where Azerbaijani ethnic group is now major group. National reservation of Zuvand was created in Lerik region to maintain the flora and fauna. The area of national reservation covers 40.3 hectars of land. National academy has settled Botanical Research center, where active observations and researches are made. These forests are habitats for wolves, bears, foxes, wild cats, boars and other animals.", "Blue Army (Aerosmith) Aerosmith's Blue Army is the American hard rock band's nickname for their loyal fanbase. The term was coined by the band around 1975. \"Blue\" referred to the blue denim jeans and jean jackets as well as the blue collar demographic of their fans. \"Army\" referred to their loyalty, youthfulness, and tough demeanor. Aerosmith guitarist Joe Perry describes the Blue Army: \"We drove up to the gig and the line went around the building, long-haired teenage boys wearing blue denim jackets and jeans. An army of blue jeans. Our people.\" He also describes them as being predominantly male: \"Aerosmith back then was definitely a guy thing. It used to be the only girls at Aerosmith shows were the ones hoping to blow us on the bus.\" The \"army\" characteristic of Aerosmith fans (and hard rock fans in general) in the 1970s was also often alluded to in the press. A \"Rolling Stone magazine\" review described fans arriving at an Aerosmith concert in Pontiac, Michigan on May 8, 1976 as \"a boozy army of hard hats coming to dismantle the place. They looked like hell. Nobody dresses up for concerts anymore. \" The band and fans still often use the term, more informally however, to describe Aerosmith's fan base. Aerosmith's official fan club is called Aero Force One. Aerosmith named their 2015 concert tour, \"The Blue Army Tour\", in honor of their fanbase."], "answer": {"text": "The group also managed hit singles on the radio with songs like \"Dream On\", \"Same Old Song and Dance\", \"", "answer_start": 467}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "answer": {"text": "Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them and the band became Aerosmith.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the name Aerosmith come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the group formed?", "answer": {"text": "mid-1970s", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get their first major gig?", "answer": {"text": "While initially dismissed as The Rolling Stones knock-offs, the band came into its own during the mid-1970s with a string of hit records.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3650f3f2af034ac3a365fbebbfcb566a_1_q#5", "question": "What was the title of their first album?", "rewrite": "What was the title of Formation and initial success of Aerosmith's first album?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Let the Music Do the Talking (song) \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" is a song recorded by The Joe Perry Project in 1980 and later re-recorded by the re-united Aerosmith in 1985. It was written by Joe Perry. After guitarist Joe Perry left Aerosmith in 1979, he formed a new band, The Joe Perry Project. The band's first album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was released in 1980. In 1984, Perry and Brad Whitford rejoined Aerosmith. Aerosmith recorded the album \"Done with Mirrors\" in 1985. Lead singer Steven Tyler and the other band members liked Perry's \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" and decided to include it on the new album. The song was re-recorded with mostly new lyrics sung by Tyler, and the running time was reduced by about a minute. The song was issued as a single shortly after the album's release, peaking at #18 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. A music video for the Aerosmith version of the song was created in 1985, featuring the band performing live at the Orpheum Theatre in Boston while being filmed illegally by a few teenage fans. The venue's white shirted security guards that appear in the video were actually bouncers recruited earlier in the evening from Boston's now defunct Channel nightclub. The video was directed by Jerry Kramer. The song was a live staple for Aerosmith in the 1987-88 tour in support of \"Permanent Vacation\" and the band has regularly rotated the song into its setlist since then. A version of \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was also included on the live album \"Classics Live II\", released in 1987.", "The Collins/Barrasso Agency became the place to be for New England-based regional recording artists. Some of the many talented musicians who were on the roster included Jonathan Edwards, Aztec Two-Step, The James Montgomery Blues Band, Duke and the Drivers, Orleans, and many others. They also produced and procured talent from the major agencies for college shows and larger concert venues throughout New England. In the early 1980s, Tim Collins worked as the manager for The Joe Perry Project, the solo project created by guitarist Joe Perry who had left Aerosmith in 1979. In 1984, Collins orchestrated the reformation of the original Aerosmith. He succeeded when guitarists Joe Perry and Brad Whitford rejoined the band in April 1984. He believed he could make Aerosmith the biggest band in the world by 1990, if he reformed the original band and helped to orchestrate an intervention on the band members that led to them getting clean and sober. Aerosmith officially reformed in May 1984 and hired Collins as their manager. After every major record label passed on signing Aerosmith to a recording contract in the summer of 1984, Collins, with the help of the infamous music attorney Brian Rohan, inspired legendary A&R man John Kalodner to sign Aerosmith to Geffen Records. The band toured extensively and created their first album after the reunion of the classic lineup in 1985, titled \"Done with Mirrors\". However, the album was not the success they had hoped for, the band was not receiving mainstream publicity, and the drug addictions of the band members and their attempts to quit drugs on their own weren't working. Collins and his team, with the help of Dr. Louis Cox PhD. of New York City, orchestrated a drug and alcohol intervention on lead singer Steven Tyler. Tyler entered a drug rehabilitation program at the Caron Foundation in Pennsylvania that was extremely successful for him.", "The band has been recognized in their native Boston, receiving the awards for \"Outstanding Rock Band\" and \"Best Rock Video\" in 1992 from the Boston Music Awards. Aerosmith has also collected six American Music Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, two People's Choice Awards, and many other awards and honors. Overall, Aerosmith has received 32 awards from 79 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Aerosmith has received six awards from ten nominations. The Billboard Music Awards are sponsored by \"Billboard\" magazine and is held annually in December. Aerosmith has received four awards from five nominations. The Boston Music Awards are an annual awards show held in Boston, Massachusetts. Aerosmith has received two awards from six nominations. Delivered since 1991, the GAFFA Awards are a Danish award that rewards popular music by the magazine of the same name. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Aerosmith has received four awards from 17 nominations. Aerosmith will be honored as MusiCares Person of the Year in 2020. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Aerosmith has received two awards. The MTV Movie Awards is a film awards show presented annually on the MTV television network. Aerosmith has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. Aerosmith has received 10 awards from 36 nominations. The People's Choice Awards is an awards show that has been held annually since 1975. Aerosmith has received two awards. The Soul Train Music Awards is annual award show that honors the best in black music and entertainment. It has been held annually since 1987. Aerosmith has received one award, which they shared with Run-D.M.C.. The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "The Joe Perry Project The Joe Perry Project is an American rock band formed by Aerosmith lead guitarist Joe Perry. Perry formed the band shortly before his departure from Aerosmith in 1979. The Joe Perry Project signed a record deal almost immediately after Perry's exit from the band with Aerosmith's label, Columbia Records, who were disappointed with the chaos in the Aerosmith camp and hoping to maneuver Perry back into Aerosmith. The Project, with its debut album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" played mostly around the Boston area in smaller venues. Aerosmith replaced Perry with guitarist Jimmy Crespo and after, Rick Dufay was brought on to replace Brad Whitford, Aerosmith's other original guitarist, after his departure shortly after Joe Perry's. After several line-up changes over the next few years and 2 more albums with dismal sales the Joe Perry Project dissolved in 1984 when Perry agreed to reunite with Aerosmith (Brad Whitford also rejoined bringing the band back to its original form) and the band went on to have arguably the greatest \"comeback\" story in music history. Joe Perry has reformed the JPP several times since, but, just as a side project to stay busy during downtime with Aerosmith. The original band line-up consisted of Joe Perry on guitar and sometimes lead vocal, Ralph Morman, on lead vocals, bassist David Hull, and drummer Ronnie Stewart. This line-up recorded the band's 1980 debut album, \"Let the Music Do the Talking\", which was produced by long-time Aerosmith producer Jack Douglas. The album was fairly well received and sold a respectable 250,000 copies in America within its first six months of release. In June of 1980, while on tour in support of the album, Ralph Morman was fired from the band due to issues with alcohol and his undependable and unpredictable behavior.", "Rick Dufay Richard Marc \"Rick\" Dufay (born February 2, 1952) is a French-American guitarist who played in Aerosmith in the period after Brad Whitford left the band in 1980 up to his return in 1984. Richard Marc Dufay was born in Paris, France. Before joining Aerosmith, Dufay released an album called \"Tender Loving Abuse\", produced by Aerosmith producer Jack Douglas. It was Douglas who recommended Dufay to Steven Tyler as Whitford's replacement. He joined the band after the completion of Aerosmith's 1982 album \"Rock in a Hard Place\" as well being seen in the video for \"Lightning Strikes\". Dufay was apparently a stabilizing force for the band on the road, describing himself in \" Behind The Music: Aerosmith\" as caring for Tyler during his lowest points of addiction and depression, and suggesting to Tyler that he reunite with Whitford and Joe Perry. Perry thanked Dufay for \"committing career suicide\" during Aerosmith's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame acceptance speech in 2001. Since leaving Aerosmith, Dufay's projects have included the band Blue By Nature featuring vocalist Karen Lawrence. On \"Written In Stone\" (his second solo album released on soundclick.com) appears the Aerosmith outtake \"Written In Stone\" ( AKA In The Bus Song). He released some free covers on his website (like Eric Clapton's \"Wanna Make Love\") and the rare track \"Runaway\". On the Aerosmith release \"Music from Another Dimension!\", Dufay plays on the song \"Shakey Ground\", which is a cover of The Temptations from 1975. This song was initially included on the main album track list, but now ultimately only appeared on the Walmart exclusive and Japanese versions of the record."], "answer": {"text": "Toys in the Attic (1975)", "answer_start": 352}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "answer": {"text": "Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them and the band became Aerosmith.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the name Aerosmith come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the group formed?", "answer": {"text": "mid-1970s", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get their first major gig?", "answer": {"text": "While initially dismissed as The Rolling Stones knock-offs, the band came into its own during the mid-1970s with a string of hit records.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first hit?", "answer": {"text": "The group also managed hit singles on the radio with songs like \"Dream On\", \"Same Old Song and Dance\", \"", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_3650f3f2af034ac3a365fbebbfcb566a_1_q#6", "question": "Was the album successful?", "rewrite": "Was the Formation and initial success of Aerosmith's first album successful?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The band has been recognized in their native Boston, receiving the awards for \"Outstanding Rock Band\" and \"Best Rock Video\" in 1992 from the Boston Music Awards. Aerosmith has also collected six American Music Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, two People's Choice Awards, and many other awards and honors. Overall, Aerosmith has received 32 awards from 79 nominations. The American Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony created by Dick Clark in 1973. Aerosmith has received six awards from ten nominations. The Billboard Music Awards are sponsored by \"Billboard\" magazine and is held annually in December. Aerosmith has received four awards from five nominations. The Boston Music Awards are an annual awards show held in Boston, Massachusetts. Aerosmith has received two awards from six nominations. Delivered since 1991, the GAFFA Awards are a Danish award that rewards popular music by the magazine of the same name. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. Aerosmith has received four awards from 17 nominations. Aerosmith will be honored as MusiCares Person of the Year in 2020. The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Aerosmith has received two awards. The MTV Movie Awards is a film awards show presented annually on the MTV television network. Aerosmith has received one nomination. The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV. Aerosmith has received 10 awards from 36 nominations. The People's Choice Awards is an awards show that has been held annually since 1975. Aerosmith has received two awards. The Soul Train Music Awards is annual award show that honors the best in black music and entertainment. It has been held annually since 1987. Aerosmith has received one award, which they shared with Run-D.M.C.. The Teen Choice Awards is an awards show presented annually by the Fox Broadcasting Company.", "Let the Music Do the Talking (song) \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" is a song recorded by The Joe Perry Project in 1980 and later re-recorded by the re-united Aerosmith in 1985. It was written by Joe Perry. After guitarist Joe Perry left Aerosmith in 1979, he formed a new band, The Joe Perry Project. The band's first album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was released in 1980. In 1984, Perry and Brad Whitford rejoined Aerosmith. Aerosmith recorded the album \"Done with Mirrors\" in 1985. Lead singer Steven Tyler and the other band members liked Perry's \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" and decided to include it on the new album. The song was re-recorded with mostly new lyrics sung by Tyler, and the running time was reduced by about a minute. The song was issued as a single shortly after the album's release, peaking at #18 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. A music video for the Aerosmith version of the song was created in 1985, featuring the band performing live at the Orpheum Theatre in Boston while being filmed illegally by a few teenage fans. The venue's white shirted security guards that appear in the video were actually bouncers recruited earlier in the evening from Boston's now defunct Channel nightclub. The video was directed by Jerry Kramer. The song was a live staple for Aerosmith in the 1987-88 tour in support of \"Permanent Vacation\" and the band has regularly rotated the song into its setlist since then. A version of \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" was also included on the live album \"Classics Live II\", released in 1987.", "The Collins/Barrasso Agency became the place to be for New England-based regional recording artists. Some of the many talented musicians who were on the roster included Jonathan Edwards, Aztec Two-Step, The James Montgomery Blues Band, Duke and the Drivers, Orleans, and many others. They also produced and procured talent from the major agencies for college shows and larger concert venues throughout New England. In the early 1980s, Tim Collins worked as the manager for The Joe Perry Project, the solo project created by guitarist Joe Perry who had left Aerosmith in 1979. In 1984, Collins orchestrated the reformation of the original Aerosmith. He succeeded when guitarists Joe Perry and Brad Whitford rejoined the band in April 1984. He believed he could make Aerosmith the biggest band in the world by 1990, if he reformed the original band and helped to orchestrate an intervention on the band members that led to them getting clean and sober. Aerosmith officially reformed in May 1984 and hired Collins as their manager. After every major record label passed on signing Aerosmith to a recording contract in the summer of 1984, Collins, with the help of the infamous music attorney Brian Rohan, inspired legendary A&R man John Kalodner to sign Aerosmith to Geffen Records. The band toured extensively and created their first album after the reunion of the classic lineup in 1985, titled \"Done with Mirrors\". However, the album was not the success they had hoped for, the band was not receiving mainstream publicity, and the drug addictions of the band members and their attempts to quit drugs on their own weren't working. Collins and his team, with the help of Dr. Louis Cox PhD. of New York City, orchestrated a drug and alcohol intervention on lead singer Steven Tyler. Tyler entered a drug rehabilitation program at the Caron Foundation in Pennsylvania that was extremely successful for him.", "Despite this, Eisenbach felt the album had \"enough going on inside the album's 41 minutes that it's worth a listen.\" \"Newsday\"'s Glenn Gamboa praised the band for \"not reliving the past\", but he found enough similarities to the band's previous releases to appeal to listeners. He considered the album successful because the band had been \"reflecting their time apart and their work with Velvet Revolver and Army of Anyone.\" Mike Schiller, writing for PopMatters, called the album's title an appropriate fit with the band's apparent ease of writing with \"obvious\" influences. He described the title as, \"more homage than it is subconscious plagiarism,\" before listing Nirvana, Aerosmith, Joy Division, John Lennon, David Bowie, and even the band's \"Purple\" as having intentionally shaped the album. Schiller decided the album was a \"bonus\" because, in the near-decade gap since the band's last release, \"people have moved on\". He concluded that \"Stone Temple Pilots\" is \"a far more fitting epilogue\" than the last album, before considering it, \"perhaps, [the] next chapter\". Ronnie Kerswell of \"Rock Sound\" said that the album \"does not disappoint\", describing it as having \"heady guitar trips and crunching grooves\". She found Weiland's voice to be improved in part due to his sober lifestyle and wrote that the band was \"back in action\". \" USA Today\"'s Jerry Schriver praised the band for releasing a \"cohesive, self-produced reunion album\", but admitted the tracks were not \"timeless\". The songs were found to be \"pleasant\" but \"disposable\" and inoffensive.", "The Joe Perry Project The Joe Perry Project is an American rock band formed by Aerosmith lead guitarist Joe Perry. Perry formed the band shortly before his departure from Aerosmith in 1979. The Joe Perry Project signed a record deal almost immediately after Perry's exit from the band with Aerosmith's label, Columbia Records, who were disappointed with the chaos in the Aerosmith camp and hoping to maneuver Perry back into Aerosmith. The Project, with its debut album \"Let the Music Do the Talking\" played mostly around the Boston area in smaller venues. Aerosmith replaced Perry with guitarist Jimmy Crespo and after, Rick Dufay was brought on to replace Brad Whitford, Aerosmith's other original guitarist, after his departure shortly after Joe Perry's. After several line-up changes over the next few years and 2 more albums with dismal sales the Joe Perry Project dissolved in 1984 when Perry agreed to reunite with Aerosmith (Brad Whitford also rejoined bringing the band back to its original form) and the band went on to have arguably the greatest \"comeback\" story in music history. Joe Perry has reformed the JPP several times since, but, just as a side project to stay busy during downtime with Aerosmith. The original band line-up consisted of Joe Perry on guitar and sometimes lead vocal, Ralph Morman, on lead vocals, bassist David Hull, and drummer Ronnie Stewart. This line-up recorded the band's 1980 debut album, \"Let the Music Do the Talking\", which was produced by long-time Aerosmith producer Jack Douglas. The album was fairly well received and sold a respectable 250,000 copies in America within its first six months of release. In June of 1980, while on tour in support of the album, Ralph Morman was fired from the band due to issues with alcohol and his undependable and unpredictable behavior."], "answer": {"text": "the band came into its own during the mid-1970s with a string of hit records.", "answer_start": 241}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "How was Aerosmith formed in relation to Joe Perry (musician)?", "answer": {"text": "Steven Tyler, Brad Whitford and Joey Kramer eventually joined them and the band became Aerosmith.", "answer_start": 83, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did the name Aerosmith come from?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the group formed?", "answer": {"text": "mid-1970s", "answer_start": 279, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When did they get their first major gig?", "answer": {"text": "While initially dismissed as The Rolling Stones knock-offs, the band came into its own during the mid-1970s with a string of hit records.", "answer_start": 181, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was their first hit?", "answer": {"text": "The group also managed hit singles on the radio with songs like \"Dream On\", \"Same Old Song and Dance\", \"", "answer_start": 467, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the title of their first album?", "answer": {"text": "Toys in the Attic (1975)", "answer_start": 352, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#0", "question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "rewrite": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Namdev's padas are not mere poems, according to Callewaert and Lath. Like other Bhakti movement sants, Namdev composed bhajans, that is songs meant to be sung to music. A Bhajan literally means \"a thing enjoyed or shared\". Namdev's songs were composed to be melodious and carry a spiritual message. They built on one among the many ancient Indian traditions for making music and singing. Namdev's bhajans, note Callewaert and Lath, deployed particular species of Raag, used Bhanita (or Chhap, a stamp of the composer's name inside the poem, in his case Nama), applied a Tek (or dhruva, repeated refrain) and a meter than helps harmonise the wording with the musical instrument, all according to Sangita manuals refined from the 8th to 13th centuries. The musical genre of Namdev's literary works was a form of Prabandha - itself a very large and rich genre that includes dhrupad, thumri, tappa, geet, bhajan and other species. In some species of Indian music, it is the music that dominates while words and their meaning are secondary. In contrast, in Namdev's bhajan the spiritual message in the words has a central role, and the structure resonates with the singing and music. The songs and music that went with Namdev's works, were usually transmitted verbally across generations, in a guru-sisya-parampara (teacher-student tradition), within singing gharanas (family-like musical units). Callewaert and Lath state that, \"each single song of Namdev is a musical and textual unit and this unit is the basis for textual considerations\".", "He is described as a Panchal Brahmin, who was jeweller by profession, and hated J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and his siblings and created obstacles in their path. Once, when J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar's sister Muktabai went to get some earthenware from the potter, Visoba struck her angrily and disallowed the potter to sell her his pans. Disheartened, Muktabai returned home and told the tale to J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. The text says he heated his back by his yogic powers and Muktai baked the food on his back. Astonished by seeing this miracle, Visoba repented and asked for forgiveness from J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. Initially, J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar calls Visoba \"a mule\", which gave him the name \"Visoba Khechara\". Visoba had refused to acknowledge J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktabai, but after knowing their spiritual greatness he became their disciple. Even though older than J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, he is described as his servant (\"Kimkara\") by Bahinabai. According to the text \"Dnyandev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktabai instructed Namdev to journey to Aundha Nagnath Temple in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the sacred lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere, wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet a Linga sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingas and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God.", "He agreed to take the form of Vithoba, or God who stood upon a brick, and a temple came up there. Along with Vithoba, Rukmini (Mother Rukmini, the consort of Krishna) is also worshipped here. An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d (step of Namdev). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of \u201cnaivedya\u201d (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does \u201cnaivedya\u201d and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the \"first step\" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the \u201cdarshan\u201d (view). So, this first step is called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d. It is also believed that Tukaram, a 17th-century devotee of Krishna spent his last days in the temple. In the pre-1947 period untouchables were not allowed to enter the temples, against this communal attitude Gandhian freedom fighter Sane Guruji and freedom fighter Babanrao Badve went on to fast-unto-death, supported by others of the Gandhian movement. He succeeded in getting temple doors opened for all worshiping communities.", "The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece."], "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#1", "question": "Was their reliability in question?", "rewrite": "Was Namdev's and Jnanevar's reliability in question?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Namdev's padas are not mere poems, according to Callewaert and Lath. Like other Bhakti movement sants, Namdev composed bhajans, that is songs meant to be sung to music. A Bhajan literally means \"a thing enjoyed or shared\". Namdev's songs were composed to be melodious and carry a spiritual message. They built on one among the many ancient Indian traditions for making music and singing. Namdev's bhajans, note Callewaert and Lath, deployed particular species of Raag, used Bhanita (or Chhap, a stamp of the composer's name inside the poem, in his case Nama), applied a Tek (or dhruva, repeated refrain) and a meter than helps harmonise the wording with the musical instrument, all according to Sangita manuals refined from the 8th to 13th centuries. The musical genre of Namdev's literary works was a form of Prabandha - itself a very large and rich genre that includes dhrupad, thumri, tappa, geet, bhajan and other species. In some species of Indian music, it is the music that dominates while words and their meaning are secondary. In contrast, in Namdev's bhajan the spiritual message in the words has a central role, and the structure resonates with the singing and music. The songs and music that went with Namdev's works, were usually transmitted verbally across generations, in a guru-sisya-parampara (teacher-student tradition), within singing gharanas (family-like musical units). Callewaert and Lath state that, \"each single song of Namdev is a musical and textual unit and this unit is the basis for textual considerations\".", "The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece.", "The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "Narsi, Hingoli Narsi Namdev is a village in Hingoli taluka of Hingoli district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 17 km away from Hingoli. It is known as the birthplace of the Varkari saint and poet Namdev. Earlier village was known as Narsi Bamani. According to the 2011 Census of India, Narsi had 1160 households and a population of 5,992, of which 3,071 were males and 2,921 were females. The Average Sex Ratio was 933, which was higher than the Maharashtra state average of 929. The literacy rate was 79%, compared to 82.95% across Maharashtra. The male literacy rate was 87% and the female literacy rate was 71%. Schedule Castes comprised 10% of the population and Schedule Tribes were 3.2%. Narsi is the birthplace of the 13th-century Varkari saint Namdev. The village has a temple dedicated to him, called Sant Namdev Sansthan Narsi. Namdev, being an important figure in Sikhism, means that both Hindu and Sikh followers visit the temple. An annual fair is also held at Narsi. The Government of Maharashtra has declared Narsi as a holy place and is developing it as a religious tourist hub. Sikh followers are constructing a gurudwara along with a memorial of Namdev.", "He agreed to take the form of Vithoba, or God who stood upon a brick, and a temple came up there. Along with Vithoba, Rukmini (Mother Rukmini, the consort of Krishna) is also worshipped here. An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d (step of Namdev). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of \u201cnaivedya\u201d (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does \u201cnaivedya\u201d and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the \"first step\" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the \u201cdarshan\u201d (view). So, this first step is called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d. It is also believed that Tukaram, a 17th-century devotee of Krishna spent his last days in the temple. In the pre-1947 period untouchables were not allowed to enter the temples, against this communal attitude Gandhian freedom fighter Sane Guruji and freedom fighter Babanrao Badve went on to fast-unto-death, supported by others of the Gandhian movement. He succeeded in getting temple doors opened for all worshiping communities."], "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden", "answer_start": 874}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#2", "question": "Did he have a large following?", "rewrite": "Did Namdev have a large following?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece.", "Narsi, Hingoli Narsi Namdev is a village in Hingoli taluka of Hingoli district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 17 km away from Hingoli. It is known as the birthplace of the Varkari saint and poet Namdev. Earlier village was known as Narsi Bamani. According to the 2011 Census of India, Narsi had 1160 households and a population of 5,992, of which 3,071 were males and 2,921 were females. The Average Sex Ratio was 933, which was higher than the Maharashtra state average of 929. The literacy rate was 79%, compared to 82.95% across Maharashtra. The male literacy rate was 87% and the female literacy rate was 71%. Schedule Castes comprised 10% of the population and Schedule Tribes were 3.2%. Narsi is the birthplace of the 13th-century Varkari saint Namdev. The village has a temple dedicated to him, called Sant Namdev Sansthan Narsi. Namdev, being an important figure in Sikhism, means that both Hindu and Sikh followers visit the temple. An annual fair is also held at Narsi. The Government of Maharashtra has declared Narsi as a holy place and is developing it as a religious tourist hub. Sikh followers are constructing a gurudwara along with a memorial of Namdev.", "Namdev's padas are not mere poems, according to Callewaert and Lath. Like other Bhakti movement sants, Namdev composed bhajans, that is songs meant to be sung to music. A Bhajan literally means \"a thing enjoyed or shared\". Namdev's songs were composed to be melodious and carry a spiritual message. They built on one among the many ancient Indian traditions for making music and singing. Namdev's bhajans, note Callewaert and Lath, deployed particular species of Raag, used Bhanita (or Chhap, a stamp of the composer's name inside the poem, in his case Nama), applied a Tek (or dhruva, repeated refrain) and a meter than helps harmonise the wording with the musical instrument, all according to Sangita manuals refined from the 8th to 13th centuries. The musical genre of Namdev's literary works was a form of Prabandha - itself a very large and rich genre that includes dhrupad, thumri, tappa, geet, bhajan and other species. In some species of Indian music, it is the music that dominates while words and their meaning are secondary. In contrast, in Namdev's bhajan the spiritual message in the words has a central role, and the structure resonates with the singing and music. The songs and music that went with Namdev's works, were usually transmitted verbally across generations, in a guru-sisya-parampara (teacher-student tradition), within singing gharanas (family-like musical units). Callewaert and Lath state that, \"each single song of Namdev is a musical and textual unit and this unit is the basis for textual considerations\".", "The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "He agreed to take the form of Vithoba, or God who stood upon a brick, and a temple came up there. Along with Vithoba, Rukmini (Mother Rukmini, the consort of Krishna) is also worshipped here. An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d (step of Namdev). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of \u201cnaivedya\u201d (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does \u201cnaivedya\u201d and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the \"first step\" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the \u201cdarshan\u201d (view). So, this first step is called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d. It is also believed that Tukaram, a 17th-century devotee of Krishna spent his last days in the temple. In the pre-1947 period untouchables were not allowed to enter the temples, against this communal attitude Gandhian freedom fighter Sane Guruji and freedom fighter Babanrao Badve went on to fast-unto-death, supported by others of the Gandhian movement. He succeeded in getting temple doors opened for all worshiping communities."], "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their reliability in question?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#3", "question": "Was he able to make a positive change?", "rewrite": "Was Namdev able to make a positive change?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "He agreed to take the form of Vithoba, or God who stood upon a brick, and a temple came up there. Along with Vithoba, Rukmini (Mother Rukmini, the consort of Krishna) is also worshipped here. An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d (step of Namdev). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of \u201cnaivedya\u201d (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does \u201cnaivedya\u201d and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the \"first step\" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the \u201cdarshan\u201d (view). So, this first step is called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d. It is also believed that Tukaram, a 17th-century devotee of Krishna spent his last days in the temple. In the pre-1947 period untouchables were not allowed to enter the temples, against this communal attitude Gandhian freedom fighter Sane Guruji and freedom fighter Babanrao Badve went on to fast-unto-death, supported by others of the Gandhian movement. He succeeded in getting temple doors opened for all worshiping communities.", "1 paisa (Indian coin) The Indian One Paisa coin (), was a unit of currency equaling (one-hundredth) of the Indian rupee. The symbol for paisa is p. In 1955, India adopted metric system for coinage and amended the \"Indian Coinage Act\". Subsequently, one paisa coins were introduced on 1 April 1957. From 1957 to 1964, one paisa coin was called \"Naya Paisa\" () (English: \"New Paisa\") and on 1 June 1964, the term \"Naya\" was dropped and the denomination was simply called \"One paisa\". One paisa coin has been demonetized and is no longer legal tender. Prior to 1957, Indian rupee was not decimalised and the rupee from 1835 to 1957 AD was further divided into 16 annas. Each anna was further divided to four Indian pices and each pice into three Indian pies till 1947 when the pie was demonetized. In 1955, India amended the \"Indian Coinage Act\" to adopt the metric system for coinage. Paisa coins were introduced in 1957, but from 1957 to 1964 the coin was called \"Naya Paisa\" (English: \"New Paisa\"). On 1 June 1964, the term \"Naya\" was dropped and the denomination was simply called \"One paisa\". One paisa coins were issued as a part of \"The Decimal Series\". One paisa coin was withdrawn from circulation and demonetized on 30 June 2011.", "Indian 25-paisa coin The Indian 25 paisa coin is a former denomination of the Indian rupee. The denomination of 25 paisa coin is of a Rs.1. 25 Paisa coin was introduced in 1957. On 2011 June 30, 25 paisa and below denominations were officially demonetized.", "Namdev's padas are not mere poems, according to Callewaert and Lath. Like other Bhakti movement sants, Namdev composed bhajans, that is songs meant to be sung to music. A Bhajan literally means \"a thing enjoyed or shared\". Namdev's songs were composed to be melodious and carry a spiritual message. They built on one among the many ancient Indian traditions for making music and singing. Namdev's bhajans, note Callewaert and Lath, deployed particular species of Raag, used Bhanita (or Chhap, a stamp of the composer's name inside the poem, in his case Nama), applied a Tek (or dhruva, repeated refrain) and a meter than helps harmonise the wording with the musical instrument, all according to Sangita manuals refined from the 8th to 13th centuries. The musical genre of Namdev's literary works was a form of Prabandha - itself a very large and rich genre that includes dhrupad, thumri, tappa, geet, bhajan and other species. In some species of Indian music, it is the music that dominates while words and their meaning are secondary. In contrast, in Namdev's bhajan the spiritual message in the words has a central role, and the structure resonates with the singing and music. The songs and music that went with Namdev's works, were usually transmitted verbally across generations, in a guru-sisya-parampara (teacher-student tradition), within singing gharanas (family-like musical units). Callewaert and Lath state that, \"each single song of Namdev is a musical and textual unit and this unit is the basis for textual considerations\"."], "answer": {"text": "The numerous subsequently produced manuscripts also show variant texts and additions that are attributed to him.", "answer_start": 214}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their reliability in question?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a large following?", "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#4", "question": "When did produce his works?", "rewrite": "When did produce Namdev's works?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Narsi, Hingoli Narsi Namdev is a village in Hingoli taluka of Hingoli district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 17 km away from Hingoli. It is known as the birthplace of the Varkari saint and poet Namdev. Earlier village was known as Narsi Bamani. According to the 2011 Census of India, Narsi had 1160 households and a population of 5,992, of which 3,071 were males and 2,921 were females. The Average Sex Ratio was 933, which was higher than the Maharashtra state average of 929. The literacy rate was 79%, compared to 82.95% across Maharashtra. The male literacy rate was 87% and the female literacy rate was 71%. Schedule Castes comprised 10% of the population and Schedule Tribes were 3.2%. Narsi is the birthplace of the 13th-century Varkari saint Namdev. The village has a temple dedicated to him, called Sant Namdev Sansthan Narsi. Namdev, being an important figure in Sikhism, means that both Hindu and Sikh followers visit the temple. An annual fair is also held at Narsi. The Government of Maharashtra has declared Narsi as a holy place and is developing it as a religious tourist hub. Sikh followers are constructing a gurudwara along with a memorial of Namdev.", "Namdev's padas are not mere poems, according to Callewaert and Lath. Like other Bhakti movement sants, Namdev composed bhajans, that is songs meant to be sung to music. A Bhajan literally means \"a thing enjoyed or shared\". Namdev's songs were composed to be melodious and carry a spiritual message. They built on one among the many ancient Indian traditions for making music and singing. Namdev's bhajans, note Callewaert and Lath, deployed particular species of Raag, used Bhanita (or Chhap, a stamp of the composer's name inside the poem, in his case Nama), applied a Tek (or dhruva, repeated refrain) and a meter than helps harmonise the wording with the musical instrument, all according to Sangita manuals refined from the 8th to 13th centuries. The musical genre of Namdev's literary works was a form of Prabandha - itself a very large and rich genre that includes dhrupad, thumri, tappa, geet, bhajan and other species. In some species of Indian music, it is the music that dominates while words and their meaning are secondary. In contrast, in Namdev's bhajan the spiritual message in the words has a central role, and the structure resonates with the singing and music. The songs and music that went with Namdev's works, were usually transmitted verbally across generations, in a guru-sisya-parampara (teacher-student tradition), within singing gharanas (family-like musical units). Callewaert and Lath state that, \"each single song of Namdev is a musical and textual unit and this unit is the basis for textual considerations\".", "The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece.", "He agreed to take the form of Vithoba, or God who stood upon a brick, and a temple came up there. Along with Vithoba, Rukmini (Mother Rukmini, the consort of Krishna) is also worshipped here. An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d (step of Namdev). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of \u201cnaivedya\u201d (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does \u201cnaivedya\u201d and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the \"first step\" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the \u201cdarshan\u201d (view). So, this first step is called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d. It is also believed that Tukaram, a 17th-century devotee of Krishna spent his last days in the temple. In the pre-1947 period untouchables were not allowed to enter the temples, against this communal attitude Gandhian freedom fighter Sane Guruji and freedom fighter Babanrao Badve went on to fast-unto-death, supported by others of the Gandhian movement. He succeeded in getting temple doors opened for all worshiping communities."], "answer": {"text": "The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604,", "answer_start": 1161}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their reliability in question?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a large following?", "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he able to make a positive change?", "answer": {"text": "The numerous subsequently produced manuscripts also show variant texts and additions that are attributed to him.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#5", "question": "Does anyone question his teachings?", "rewrite": "Does anyone question Namdev's teachings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["He agreed to take the form of Vithoba, or God who stood upon a brick, and a temple came up there. Along with Vithoba, Rukmini (Mother Rukmini, the consort of Krishna) is also worshipped here. An interesting tale is that of the temple's first step called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d (step of Namdev). The child and future saint, Namdev was an ardent devotee of Vithoba. One day his mother asks him to complete the ritual of \u201cnaivedya\u201d (any food made in the house is first offered to God, the ritual comprises placing the offering plate before the deity and sprinkling water around the plate and with a prayer to God). Namdev faithfully does \u201cnaivedya\u201d and waits for God to appear and take the offering. But he is disheartened. He keeps praying and requests God to come in person and accept the offering. With no answer, the child starts banging his head at the feet of God. Seeing this utmost devotion and innocence of a child, God appears, eats the offering and blesses Namdev. Namdev asks for being present in the \"first step\" at His temple, so that he could innumerable devotees will touch him before having the \u201cdarshan\u201d (view). So, this first step is called \u201cNamdev Chi Payari\u201d. It is also believed that Tukaram, a 17th-century devotee of Krishna spent his last days in the temple. In the pre-1947 period untouchables were not allowed to enter the temples, against this communal attitude Gandhian freedom fighter Sane Guruji and freedom fighter Babanrao Badve went on to fast-unto-death, supported by others of the Gandhian movement. He succeeded in getting temple doors opened for all worshiping communities.", "Narsi, Hingoli Narsi Namdev is a village in Hingoli taluka of Hingoli district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 17 km away from Hingoli. It is known as the birthplace of the Varkari saint and poet Namdev. Earlier village was known as Narsi Bamani. According to the 2011 Census of India, Narsi had 1160 households and a population of 5,992, of which 3,071 were males and 2,921 were females. The Average Sex Ratio was 933, which was higher than the Maharashtra state average of 929. The literacy rate was 79%, compared to 82.95% across Maharashtra. The male literacy rate was 87% and the female literacy rate was 71%. Schedule Castes comprised 10% of the population and Schedule Tribes were 3.2%. Narsi is the birthplace of the 13th-century Varkari saint Namdev. The village has a temple dedicated to him, called Sant Namdev Sansthan Narsi. Namdev, being an important figure in Sikhism, means that both Hindu and Sikh followers visit the temple. An annual fair is also held at Narsi. The Government of Maharashtra has declared Narsi as a holy place and is developing it as a religious tourist hub. Sikh followers are constructing a gurudwara along with a memorial of Namdev.", "The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece.", "The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "Namdev's padas are not mere poems, according to Callewaert and Lath. Like other Bhakti movement sants, Namdev composed bhajans, that is songs meant to be sung to music. A Bhajan literally means \"a thing enjoyed or shared\". Namdev's songs were composed to be melodious and carry a spiritual message. They built on one among the many ancient Indian traditions for making music and singing. Namdev's bhajans, note Callewaert and Lath, deployed particular species of Raag, used Bhanita (or Chhap, a stamp of the composer's name inside the poem, in his case Nama), applied a Tek (or dhruva, repeated refrain) and a meter than helps harmonise the wording with the musical instrument, all according to Sangita manuals refined from the 8th to 13th centuries. The musical genre of Namdev's literary works was a form of Prabandha - itself a very large and rich genre that includes dhrupad, thumri, tappa, geet, bhajan and other species. In some species of Indian music, it is the music that dominates while words and their meaning are secondary. In contrast, in Namdev's bhajan the spiritual message in the words has a central role, and the structure resonates with the singing and music. The songs and music that went with Namdev's works, were usually transmitted verbally across generations, in a guru-sisya-parampara (teacher-student tradition), within singing gharanas (family-like musical units). Callewaert and Lath state that, \"each single song of Namdev is a musical and textual unit and this unit is the basis for textual considerations\"."], "answer": {"text": "He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century", "answer_start": 296}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their reliability in question?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a large following?", "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he able to make a positive change?", "answer": {"text": "The numerous subsequently produced manuscripts also show variant texts and additions that are attributed to him.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did produce his works?", "answer": {"text": "The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604,", "answer_start": 1161, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#6", "question": "What happened as a result?", "rewrite": "What happened as a result of Namdev disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "Visoba Khechara Visoba Khechara (unknown - 1309 CE), spelled also as Visoba Khechar or Visoba Khecar, was the yogi-guru of the Varkari poet-saint Namdev (c.1270-1350) of Maharashtra, India. Visoba was a disciple of the Varkari poet-saint J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar (c. 1275-1296). He had linkages with the Varkari tradition as well as the Nath tradition of Maharashtra. He preached the omnipresence of God and thus denounced idol-worship. Though a staunch Shaiva, Visoba has composed verses in praise of the god Vithoba, the patron deity of the Varkari faith. He has also composed a metaphysical treatisecalled the \"Shatsthala\". The name \"Visoba\" is derived from the word \"vi\u1e63\u1e47ein\", which means to relax and relates to the meeting of Visoba with Namdev. The latter part of the name \"Khechara\" (lit. \"one who is moving in air\") relates him being a Siddha, a Tantric master possessing magical powers and his linkage to the Nath tradition of Maharashtra. Another theory relates his name \"khechara\", literally meaning a mule in Marathi, as the name Dnyaneshwar and Muktai called him in contempt, when Visoba refused to believe in their powers. Visoba either lived in Amvadhya or Barshi. The story of Visoba's transformation is told in Mahipati's \"Bhaktivijaya\". In the text, Visoba's real name is said to be Visoba Chati.", "Vithoba  Vithoba, also known as Vi(t)thal(a) and Panduranga, is a Hindu deity predominantly worshipped in the Indian state of Maharashtra. He is generally considered a manifestation of the god Vishnu or his avatar, Krishna. Vithoba is often depicted as a dark young boy, standing arms akimbo on a brick, sometimes accompanied by his main consort Rakhumai. Vithoba is the focus of an essentially monotheistic, non-ritualistic bhakti-driven Varkari faith of Maharashtra and the Haridasa faith of Karnataka. Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur is his main temple. Vithoba legends revolve around his devotee Pundalik, who is credited with bringing the deity to Pandharpur, and around Vithoba's role as a saviour to the poet-saints of the Varkari faith. The Varkari poet-saints are known for their unique genre of devotional lyric, the abhang, dedicated to Vithoba and composed in Marathi. Other devotional literature dedicated to Vithoba includes the Kannada hymns of the Haridasa and the Marathi versions of the generic aarti songs associated with rituals of offering light to the deity. The most important festivals of Vithoba are held on Shayani Ekadashi in the month of Ashadha, and Prabodhini Ekadashi in the month of Kartik. The historiography of Vithoba and his cult is an area of continuing debate, even regarding his name. Various Indologists have proposed a prehistory for Vithoba worship where he was previously: a hero stone, a pastoral deity, a manifestation of Shiva, a Jain saint, or even all of these at various times for various devotees.", "Narsi, Hingoli Narsi Namdev is a village in Hingoli taluka of Hingoli district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 17 km away from Hingoli. It is known as the birthplace of the Varkari saint and poet Namdev. Earlier village was known as Narsi Bamani. According to the 2011 Census of India, Narsi had 1160 households and a population of 5,992, of which 3,071 were males and 2,921 were females. The Average Sex Ratio was 933, which was higher than the Maharashtra state average of 929. The literacy rate was 79%, compared to 82.95% across Maharashtra. The male literacy rate was 87% and the female literacy rate was 71%. Schedule Castes comprised 10% of the population and Schedule Tribes were 3.2%. Narsi is the birthplace of the 13th-century Varkari saint Namdev. The village has a temple dedicated to him, called Sant Namdev Sansthan Narsi. Namdev, being an important figure in Sikhism, means that both Hindu and Sikh followers visit the temple. An annual fair is also held at Narsi. The Government of Maharashtra has declared Narsi as a holy place and is developing it as a religious tourist hub. Sikh followers are constructing a gurudwara along with a memorial of Namdev.", "The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece."], "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their reliability in question?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a large following?", "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he able to make a positive change?", "answer": {"text": "The numerous subsequently produced manuscripts also show variant texts and additions that are attributed to him.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did produce his works?", "answer": {"text": "The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604,", "answer_start": 1161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does anyone question his teachings?", "answer": {"text": "He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century", "answer_start": 296, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_eb8891eae27d4c4cbde51752c380bb86_1_q#7", "question": "Did anything else come out of Namdev's teachings?", "rewrite": "Other than disseminating the Varkari faith, did anything else come out of Namdev's teachings?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Visoba Khechara Visoba Khechara (unknown - 1309 CE), spelled also as Visoba Khechar or Visoba Khecar, was the yogi-guru of the Varkari poet-saint Namdev (c.1270-1350) of Maharashtra, India. Visoba was a disciple of the Varkari poet-saint J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar (c. 1275-1296). He had linkages with the Varkari tradition as well as the Nath tradition of Maharashtra. He preached the omnipresence of God and thus denounced idol-worship. Though a staunch Shaiva, Visoba has composed verses in praise of the god Vithoba, the patron deity of the Varkari faith. He has also composed a metaphysical treatisecalled the \"Shatsthala\". The name \"Visoba\" is derived from the word \"vi\u1e63\u1e47ein\", which means to relax and relates to the meeting of Visoba with Namdev. The latter part of the name \"Khechara\" (lit. \"one who is moving in air\") relates him being a Siddha, a Tantric master possessing magical powers and his linkage to the Nath tradition of Maharashtra. Another theory relates his name \"khechara\", literally meaning a mule in Marathi, as the name Dnyaneshwar and Muktai called him in contempt, when Visoba refused to believe in their powers. Visoba either lived in Amvadhya or Barshi. The story of Visoba's transformation is told in Mahipati's \"Bhaktivijaya\". In the text, Visoba's real name is said to be Visoba Chati.", "The temple is also closely associated with lives of Namdev, Visoba Khechara and Dnyaneshwar, the sants revered by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. Namdev met his guru, Visoba Khechara, at Aundha Nagnath Temple. He was advised to visit this temple by J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar. According to the text \"J\u00f1\u0101ndev Gatha\", J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar and Muktai instruct Namdev to journey to temple of Aundha Nagnath in search of a proper guru. In the temple, Namdev finds Visoba resting with his feet on the lingam, the symbol of Shiva. Namdev reproached him for having insulted Shiva. Visoba asked Namdev to place his feet elsewhere and wherever Namdev placed Visoba's feet, a lingam sprang up. Thus, through his yogic powers, Visoba filled the whole temple with Shiva-lingam and taught Namdev the omnipresence of God. There is one famous story told about Namdev and Aundha Nagnath temple. Once when he was chanting Bhajans in front of the temple with his senior gurus like J\u00f1\u0101ne\u015bvar, Visoba Khechara and few more Varkari, the temple pujari told them their singing in front of the temple is disturbing their routine pooja and prayers and asked them to go away from temple. The temple pujari told Bhagat Namdev, insulted him and said he is of lower caste and why he has come to the temple. Then Bhagat Namdev went back side of the temple and started singing bhajans there. But God, in order to be in the sight of the pining devotee and listen bhajans, revolved the temple.", "The literary works of Namdev were influenced by Vaishnava philosophy and a belief in Vithoba. Along with the Jnanesvari, a sacred work of Jnanesvar, and of Bhakti movement teacher-writers such as Tukaram, the writings of Namdev form the basis of the beliefs held by the Varkari sect of Hinduism. He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century and then spread to Pandharpur in Maharashtra. Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language that was essentially a buttress for the pre-eminence of the Brahmin priests. Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people. Shima Iwao says that \"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities. The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604, although Novetzke notes that while the manuscript records of Namdev mostly date from the 17th and 18th centuries, there exists a manuscript from 1581 that presents a rarely recounted variant version of Namdev's Tirthavli, a Marathi-language autobiographical piece.", "Vithoba  Vithoba, also known as Vi(t)thal(a) and Panduranga, is a Hindu deity predominantly worshipped in the Indian state of Maharashtra. He is generally considered a manifestation of the god Vishnu or his avatar, Krishna. Vithoba is often depicted as a dark young boy, standing arms akimbo on a brick, sometimes accompanied by his main consort Rakhumai. Vithoba is the focus of an essentially monotheistic, non-ritualistic bhakti-driven Varkari faith of Maharashtra and the Haridasa faith of Karnataka. Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur is his main temple. Vithoba legends revolve around his devotee Pundalik, who is credited with bringing the deity to Pandharpur, and around Vithoba's role as a saviour to the poet-saints of the Varkari faith. The Varkari poet-saints are known for their unique genre of devotional lyric, the abhang, dedicated to Vithoba and composed in Marathi. Other devotional literature dedicated to Vithoba includes the Kannada hymns of the Haridasa and the Marathi versions of the generic aarti songs associated with rituals of offering light to the deity. The most important festivals of Vithoba are held on Shayani Ekadashi in the month of Ashadha, and Prabodhini Ekadashi in the month of Kartik. The historiography of Vithoba and his cult is an area of continuing debate, even regarding his name. Various Indologists have proposed a prehistory for Vithoba worship where he was previously: a hero stone, a pastoral deity, a manifestation of Shiva, a Jain saint, or even all of these at various times for various devotees.", "Narsi, Hingoli Narsi Namdev is a village in Hingoli taluka of Hingoli district of Indian state of Maharashtra. It is 17 km away from Hingoli. It is known as the birthplace of the Varkari saint and poet Namdev. Earlier village was known as Narsi Bamani. According to the 2011 Census of India, Narsi had 1160 households and a population of 5,992, of which 3,071 were males and 2,921 were females. The Average Sex Ratio was 933, which was higher than the Maharashtra state average of 929. The literacy rate was 79%, compared to 82.95% across Maharashtra. The male literacy rate was 87% and the female literacy rate was 71%. Schedule Castes comprised 10% of the population and Schedule Tribes were 3.2%. Narsi is the birthplace of the 13th-century Varkari saint Namdev. The village has a temple dedicated to him, called Sant Namdev Sansthan Narsi. Namdev, being an important figure in Sikhism, means that both Hindu and Sikh followers visit the temple. An annual fair is also held at Narsi. The Government of Maharashtra has declared Narsi as a holy place and is developing it as a religious tourist hub. Sikh followers are constructing a gurudwara along with a memorial of Namdev."], "answer": {"text": "Namdev's style was to compose simply worded praise for Vithoba and to use a melodic device called samkirtana, both of which were accessible to common people.", "answer_start": 695}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 1, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What are Namdev's hagiographies?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was their reliability in question?", "answer": {"text": "\"He taught that all can be saved equally, without regard to caste, through devotion (bhakti) to Vithoba\" and that he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden", "answer_start": 874, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he have a large following?", "answer": {"text": "he greatly influenced groups of people who were forbidden by the Brahmin elite from studying the Vedas, such as women and members of the Shudra and untouchable communities.", "answer_start": 988, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he able to make a positive change?", "answer": {"text": "The numerous subsequently produced manuscripts also show variant texts and additions that are attributed to him.", "answer_start": 214, "bid": 1}}, {"question": "When did produce his works?", "answer": {"text": "The earliest anthological record of Namdev's works occurs in the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh scriptures compiled in 1604,", "answer_start": 1161, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Does anyone question his teachings?", "answer": {"text": "He was thus among those responsible for disseminating the monotheistic Varkari faith that had emerged first in Karnataka in the mid-to-late 12th century", "answer_start": 296, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened as a result?", "answer": {"text": "Namdev and Jnanesvar used the Marathi language to convey their beliefs rather than using the traditional Sanskrit language", "answer_start": 495, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#0", "question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "rewrite": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": [", \"This Christmas\" (2014), and \"She\u2019s Back\" (2019). Shirakbari began working closely with Burt Bacharach in early 1987 when Bacharach and Warwick reunited and began touring together. Shirakbari became Bacharach's protege and was involved in recording sessions and arrangements with Bacharach. In 1996, Shirakbari became Bacharach's music director and together they wrote the arrangements for Bacharach's revamped live show, with many of the arrangements still being played in Burt's live show today. He toured extensively around the world with Bacharach until late 2010. Shirakbari performed on \"One Amazing Night\" (1998), \"Sessions at West 54th\" (Bacharach/Elvis Costello) (2001) , \"Isley meets Bacharach - Here I Am\" (Ron Isley/Burt Bacharach) (2003), At This Time (2005), \"Live at The Sydney Opera House\" (Mixed with Allen Sides) (2008), and \"What Love Can Do\" (Burt Bacharach/Peabo Bryson) (2009). Shirakbari began working with recording artist, Rumer (musician), as her co-writer, producer, pianist, keyboardist, and arranger in 2013. The two met briefly at a \"World Hunger Day\" gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London hosted by Dionne Warwick in 2012, where Shirakbari was music director and Rumer and Warwick sang a duet of Bacharach & David's, \u201cHasbrook Heights.\u201d Rumer later moved to Los Angeles in 2013, following the release of her album, \"Boy\u2019s Don\u2019t Cry\", where the two began working together.", "Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits is the debut album by American composer Burt Bacharach. The album was recorded in London, with uncredited vocals by The Breakaways, and the musicians included Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and members of the Ted Heath band. Originally issued by Kapp Records in 1965, it was reissued in 1968 as \"Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits\". After Kapp Records was consolidated with its co-owned labels into MCA Records, it was reissued on the MCA label in 1973. All tracks composed by Burt Bacharach. Side A  Side B", "Making Love (song)  \"Making Love\" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach, Bruce Roberts, and Carole Bayer Sager to serve as the theme song for the film of the same name in which, as recorded by Roberta Flack with Bacharach/ Bayer Sager producing, it played under the closing credits: a Top 20 hit single for Flack (who arranged the track), \"Making Love\" was included on the singer's 1982 album release \"I'm the One\". Carole Bayer Sager was a frequent lyricist for either Burt Bacharach - whom she married in April 1982 - or Bruce Roberts but all three songwriters only collaborated on occasion: \"Making Love\" is the second and most successful of three charting collaborations for the Bacharach/ Roberts/ Bayer Sager songwriting team, subsequent to \"Stronger Than Before\" - #30 as recorded by Carole Bayer Sager in 1981 - and preceding the 1986 El DeBarge hit \"Love Always\" (#43). In the late 1960's Burt Bacharach had regularly visited the Capitol Hill club Mr Henry's to hear a pre-stardom Roberta Flack sing, but \"Making Love\" marked the first time Flack had recorded a Bacharach composition: Flack's 1983 duet album with Peabo Bryson: \"Born to Love\", would feature two Bacharach/ Bayer Sager songwriting/ producing collaborations: \"Blame It On Me\" and \"Maybe\". Flack would recall having had no preview of the song \" Making Love\" prior to recording it: \"I just went into the studio, sight-read it, and I love the way it came out.\" The song's lyrics \"There's more to love...than making love\" were prominently displayed on the poster and also newspaper/magazine promo ads for the parent film \"", "Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois hit for the year 1968 \u2013 , \"Hei\u00df ist der Kaffee in San Jos\u00e9\" by Corry Brokken, \"Snart S\u00e5 Stiger Solen Upp Igen\" by Siw Malmkvist and \"La route du bonheur\" by . Warwick re-recorded the song as a salsa-flavored collaboration with Celia Cruz and the Pete Escovedo Orchestra for her 1998 album \"Dionne Sings Dionne.\" The song has been recorded on various Burt Bacharach tribute albums, including by Medeski Martin & Wood on \"Great Jewish Music: Burt Bacharach\" (1997), by both Yazz and Dionne Warwick (separately) on \"Tribute to Burt Bacharach & Hal David\" (2002), by Trijntje Oosterhuis on \"The Look of Love\" (2006), and by Kahimi Karie on \"All Kinds of People ~Love Burt Bacharach~\" (2010). In 1977, Maureen McCormick, Geri Reischl & Susan Olsen performed the song during a medley on an episode of \"The Brady Bunch Variety Hour\".", "In 1999, they took a small break, and Trijntje Oosterhuis released a live album with covers of Stevie Wonder. In 2001, Total Touch decided to go their separate ways, with Tjeerd wanting to focus on production and songwriting and Trijntje wanting to launch her solo career. Oosterhuis's debut solo album, \"Trijntje Oosterhuis\", consisted mainly of ballads and presented her as a diva. Trijntje personally has a fondness for Jazz instead of pop ballads, and, in 2004, she therefore signed a record deal with Blue Note and released the live album \"Strange Fruit\", consisting of Billie Holiday and George Gershwin covers. The album received critical acclaim, and Trijntje finally managed to achieve fame beyond her home country. In September 2004, Trijntje gave birth to her son Jonas. On 31 July 2006, she gave birth to a second son, Marijn Benjamin van den Eeden. Her second jazz album called \"The Look of Love (Burt Bacharach Songbook)\" was recorded with Burt Bacharach, who plays the piano on two tracks and was released on 20 November 2006. The new album was certified Platinum on the day of release, for having shipped more than 70,000 copies. In December 2006 Trijntje toured with the Metropole Orchestra performing covers of Burt Bacharach and Christmas songs. In 2007, she released a second volume of her collaboration with Burt Bacharach entitled \"Who'll Speak for Love\", with Bacharach again playing piano on three tracks. In 2008, she released a CD and DVD of an acoustic concert performance with guitarist Leonardo Amuedo, entitled \"Ken Je Mij\" (\"Do You Know Me\")."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#1", "question": "Did he collaborate with anyone?", "rewrite": "Did Burt Bacharach collaborate with anyone?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits is the debut album by American composer Burt Bacharach. The album was recorded in London, with uncredited vocals by The Breakaways, and the musicians included Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and members of the Ted Heath band. Originally issued by Kapp Records in 1965, it was reissued in 1968 as \"Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits\". After Kapp Records was consolidated with its co-owned labels into MCA Records, it was reissued on the MCA label in 1973. All tracks composed by Burt Bacharach. Side A  Side B", "Making Love (song)  \"Making Love\" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach, Bruce Roberts, and Carole Bayer Sager to serve as the theme song for the film of the same name in which, as recorded by Roberta Flack with Bacharach/ Bayer Sager producing, it played under the closing credits: a Top 20 hit single for Flack (who arranged the track), \"Making Love\" was included on the singer's 1982 album release \"I'm the One\". Carole Bayer Sager was a frequent lyricist for either Burt Bacharach - whom she married in April 1982 - or Bruce Roberts but all three songwriters only collaborated on occasion: \"Making Love\" is the second and most successful of three charting collaborations for the Bacharach/ Roberts/ Bayer Sager songwriting team, subsequent to \"Stronger Than Before\" - #30 as recorded by Carole Bayer Sager in 1981 - and preceding the 1986 El DeBarge hit \"Love Always\" (#43). In the late 1960's Burt Bacharach had regularly visited the Capitol Hill club Mr Henry's to hear a pre-stardom Roberta Flack sing, but \"Making Love\" marked the first time Flack had recorded a Bacharach composition: Flack's 1983 duet album with Peabo Bryson: \"Born to Love\", would feature two Bacharach/ Bayer Sager songwriting/ producing collaborations: \"Blame It On Me\" and \"Maybe\". Flack would recall having had no preview of the song \" Making Love\" prior to recording it: \"I just went into the studio, sight-read it, and I love the way it came out.\" The song's lyrics \"There's more to love...than making love\" were prominently displayed on the poster and also newspaper/magazine promo ads for the parent film \"", "In 1999, they took a small break, and Trijntje Oosterhuis released a live album with covers of Stevie Wonder. In 2001, Total Touch decided to go their separate ways, with Tjeerd wanting to focus on production and songwriting and Trijntje wanting to launch her solo career. Oosterhuis's debut solo album, \"Trijntje Oosterhuis\", consisted mainly of ballads and presented her as a diva. Trijntje personally has a fondness for Jazz instead of pop ballads, and, in 2004, she therefore signed a record deal with Blue Note and released the live album \"Strange Fruit\", consisting of Billie Holiday and George Gershwin covers. The album received critical acclaim, and Trijntje finally managed to achieve fame beyond her home country. In September 2004, Trijntje gave birth to her son Jonas. On 31 July 2006, she gave birth to a second son, Marijn Benjamin van den Eeden. Her second jazz album called \"The Look of Love (Burt Bacharach Songbook)\" was recorded with Burt Bacharach, who plays the piano on two tracks and was released on 20 November 2006. The new album was certified Platinum on the day of release, for having shipped more than 70,000 copies. In December 2006 Trijntje toured with the Metropole Orchestra performing covers of Burt Bacharach and Christmas songs. In 2007, she released a second volume of her collaboration with Burt Bacharach entitled \"Who'll Speak for Love\", with Bacharach again playing piano on three tracks. In 2008, she released a CD and DVD of an acoustic concert performance with guitarist Leonardo Amuedo, entitled \"Ken Je Mij\" (\"Do You Know Me\").", ", \"This Christmas\" (2014), and \"She\u2019s Back\" (2019). Shirakbari began working closely with Burt Bacharach in early 1987 when Bacharach and Warwick reunited and began touring together. Shirakbari became Bacharach's protege and was involved in recording sessions and arrangements with Bacharach. In 1996, Shirakbari became Bacharach's music director and together they wrote the arrangements for Bacharach's revamped live show, with many of the arrangements still being played in Burt's live show today. He toured extensively around the world with Bacharach until late 2010. Shirakbari performed on \"One Amazing Night\" (1998), \"Sessions at West 54th\" (Bacharach/Elvis Costello) (2001) , \"Isley meets Bacharach - Here I Am\" (Ron Isley/Burt Bacharach) (2003), At This Time (2005), \"Live at The Sydney Opera House\" (Mixed with Allen Sides) (2008), and \"What Love Can Do\" (Burt Bacharach/Peabo Bryson) (2009). Shirakbari began working with recording artist, Rumer (musician), as her co-writer, producer, pianist, keyboardist, and arranger in 2013. The two met briefly at a \"World Hunger Day\" gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London hosted by Dionne Warwick in 2012, where Shirakbari was music director and Rumer and Warwick sang a duet of Bacharach & David's, \u201cHasbrook Heights.\u201d Rumer later moved to Los Angeles in 2013, following the release of her album, \"Boy\u2019s Don\u2019t Cry\", where the two began working together.", "Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois hit for the year 1968 \u2013 , \"Hei\u00df ist der Kaffee in San Jos\u00e9\" by Corry Brokken, \"Snart S\u00e5 Stiger Solen Upp Igen\" by Siw Malmkvist and \"La route du bonheur\" by . Warwick re-recorded the song as a salsa-flavored collaboration with Celia Cruz and the Pete Escovedo Orchestra for her 1998 album \"Dionne Sings Dionne.\" The song has been recorded on various Burt Bacharach tribute albums, including by Medeski Martin & Wood on \"Great Jewish Music: Burt Bacharach\" (1997), by both Yazz and Dionne Warwick (separately) on \"Tribute to Burt Bacharach & Hal David\" (2002), by Trijntje Oosterhuis on \"The Look of Love\" (2006), and by Kahimi Karie on \"All Kinds of People ~Love Burt Bacharach~\" (2010). In 1977, Maureen McCormick, Geri Reischl & Susan Olsen performed the song during a medley on an episode of \"The Brady Bunch Variety Hour\"."], "answer": {"text": "Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory,", "answer_start": 9}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#2", "question": "What style of music was that?", "rewrite": "What style of music was Painted from Memory?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Interleaved memory In computing, interleaved memory is a design made to compensate for the relatively slow speed of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or core memory, by spreading memory addresses evenly across memory banks. That way, contiguous memory reads and writes are using each memory bank in turn, resulting in higher memory throughputs due to reduced waiting for memory banks to become ready for desired operations. It is different from multi-channel memory architectures, primarily as interleaved memory is not adding more channels between the main memory and the memory controller. However, channel interleaving is also possible, for example in freescale i. MX6 processors, which allow interleaving to be done between two channels. With interleaved memory, memory addresses are allocated to each memory bank in turn. For example, in an interleaved system with two memory banks (assuming word-addressable memory), if logical address 32 belongs to bank 0, then logical address 33 would belong to bank 1, logical address 34 would belong to bank 0, and so on. An interleaved memory is said to be \"n-way interleaved\" when there are banks and memory location resides in bank . Interleaved memory results in contiguous reads (which are common both in multimedia and execution of programs) and contiguous writes (which are used frequently when filling storage or communication buffers) actually using each memory bank in turn, instead of using the same one repeatedly. This results in significantly higher memory throughput as each bank has a minimum waiting time between reads and writes. Main memory (random-access memory, RAM) is usually composed of a collection of DRAM memory chips, where a number of chips can be grouped together to form a memory bank.", "He tries to kill Kenya, but both Kenya and Yewll, manage to escape. Yewll goes to Datak for help and along with Rafe (Graham Greene) they take her to hide underground, in the remains of Old Saint Louis. Kenya goes to Need /Want and takes all the money to leave town. Amanda arrives and tries to stop her but she can not do it. After Kenya's departure, Amanda holds a memorial for her late sister. At the end of the episode we see a man burning the mask of the man who was holding Kenya captive and it is revealed that it is Quentin (Justin Rain), Rafe's son. In the \"Painted From Memory\" we can hear the song \" What's Up\" by Fyfe Monroe. In its original American broadcast, \"Painted From Memory\" was watched by 1.58 million; slightly down by 0.04 from the previous episode. \"Painted From Memory\" received mixed reviews. Kris from \"Movie Trailer Reviews\" gave the episode a B rating saying that it was better than the last one because it tied together several plots. \"Overall things are coming together and this episode put my fears aside and gave me confidence everything would work out in the end. I do still wish they would give us a bigger view of the world of Defiance but I\u2019ve come to terms with the fact that this won\u2019t happen.\" Rowan Kaiser of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode a C+ rating saying that Quentin's return was unnecessary since his plot in the first season were the weakest and that Kenya's return was all about re-engaging with the first season. \"In short, almost every single aspect of \u201cPainted From Memory\u201d served as a direct continuation of first-season storylines, and I think that demands questions. What is gained by bringing Quentin and Kenya back?", "Painted from Memory  Painted from Memory is a collaboration between Elvis Costello and Burt Bacharach. It was released 29 September 1998 on Mercury Records, a division of Universal Music Group. The collaboration commenced with \"God Give Me Strength\", a commission for the 1996 film \"Grace of My Heart\", directed by Allison Anders, starring Illeana Douglas, with lead vocals by Kristen Vigard. Apparently pleased with the result, the pair expanded the project to this full album, the first for Costello after an absence of two years, and for Bacharach after an absence of 21 years. Lyrics and music are co-credited to both Bacharach and Costello. In his 2015 autobiography, \"Unfaithful Music and Disappearing Ink\", Costello wrote, \"To have written a song like \"God Give Me Strength\" and simply stopped would have been ridiculous, so about a year later we began a series of writing sessions [\u2026].\" A companion album, \"The Sweetest Punch\", was made concurrently by jazz guitarist Bill Frisell, released in 1999 on another Universal label, Decca Records. It consists of jazz arrangements of the \"Painted From Memory\" songs done by Frisell and his studio group. It features vocals by Costello on two songs, and by jazz singer Cassandra Wilson on two songs, one of which is a duet employing both. Costello had long been a Bacharach fan, and had recorded several Bacharach songs, beginning with \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself,\" released on a 1978 Stiff Records compilation \"Live Stiffs Live\". Costello would also cover \"I'll Never Fall in Love Again\" for the . \"I Still Have That Other Girl\" won a Grammy Award in 1998 for \"Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals\" for Bacharach and Costello.", "Memory divider A memory divider is a ratio which is used to determine the operating clock frequency of computer memory in accordance with front side bus (FSB) frequency, if the memory system is dependent on FSB clock speed. Along with memory latency timings, memory dividers are extensively used in overclocking memory subsystems to find stable, working memory states at higher FSB frequencies. The ratio between DRAM and FSB is commonly referred to as \"DRAM:FSB ratio\". Memory dividers are only applicable to those chipsets in which memory speed is dependent on FSB speeds. Certain chipsets like nVidia 680i have separate memory and FSB lanes due to which memory clock and FSB clock are asynchronous and memory dividers are not used there. Setting memory speeds and overclocking memory systems in such chipsets are different issues which do not use memory dividers. This article is only applicable to those chipsets in which the memory clock is dependent on FSB clock. Memory Dividers allows system memory to run slower than or faster than the actual FSB (Front Side Bus) speed. Ideally, Front Side Bus and system memory should run at the same clock speed because FSB connects system memory to the CPU. But, it is sometimes desired to run the FSB and system memory at different clock speeds. It is possible to run FSB and memory clock at different clock speeds, within certain limits of the motherboard and corresponding chipset. So, settings termed as Memory Divider or FSB/DRAM settings are available and are expressed in a \"ratio\" which control the difference in memory clock rate and FSB speed. Entry Level motherboards usually do not provide memory dividers to be changed and the memory dividers are managed by Memory Controller (if chipset supports memory dividers).", "Computer memory In computing, memory refers to a device that is used to store information for immediate use in a computer or related computer hardware device. It typically refers to semiconductor memory, specifically metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) memory, where data is stored within MOSFET (MOS field-effect transistor) memory cells on a silicon integrated circuit chip. The term \"memory\" is often synonymous with the term \"primary storage\". Computer memory operates at a high speed, for example random-access memory (RAM), as a distinction from storage that provides slow-to-access information but offers higher capacities. If needed, contents of the computer memory can be transferred to secondary storage; a very common way of doing this is through a memory management technique called \"virtual memory\". An archaic synonym for memory is store. The term \"memory\", meaning \"primary storage\" or \"main memory\", is often associated with addressable semiconductor memory, i.e. integrated circuits consisting of silicon-based MOS transistors, used for example as primary storage but also other purposes in computers and other digital electronic devices. There are two main kinds of semiconductor memory, volatile and non-volatile. Examples of non-volatile memory are flash memory (used as secondary memory) and ROM, PROM, EPROM and EEPROM memory (used for storing firmware such as BIOS). Examples of volatile memory are primary storage, which is typically dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), and fast CPU cache memory, which is typically static random-access memory (SRAM) that is fast but energy-consuming, offering lower memory areal density than DRAM. Most semiconductor memory is organized into memory cells or bistable flip-flops, each storing one bit (0 or 1)."], "answer": {"text": "the compositions began to take on the sound of his earlier work.", "answer_start": 115}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collaborate with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#3", "question": "What happened next?", "rewrite": "What happened to Burt Bacharach after Painted from Memory release?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits is the debut album by American composer Burt Bacharach. The album was recorded in London, with uncredited vocals by The Breakaways, and the musicians included Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and members of the Ted Heath band. Originally issued by Kapp Records in 1965, it was reissued in 1968 as \"Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits\". After Kapp Records was consolidated with its co-owned labels into MCA Records, it was reissued on the MCA label in 1973. All tracks composed by Burt Bacharach. Side A  Side B", ", \"This Christmas\" (2014), and \"She\u2019s Back\" (2019). Shirakbari began working closely with Burt Bacharach in early 1987 when Bacharach and Warwick reunited and began touring together. Shirakbari became Bacharach's protege and was involved in recording sessions and arrangements with Bacharach. In 1996, Shirakbari became Bacharach's music director and together they wrote the arrangements for Bacharach's revamped live show, with many of the arrangements still being played in Burt's live show today. He toured extensively around the world with Bacharach until late 2010. Shirakbari performed on \"One Amazing Night\" (1998), \"Sessions at West 54th\" (Bacharach/Elvis Costello) (2001) , \"Isley meets Bacharach - Here I Am\" (Ron Isley/Burt Bacharach) (2003), At This Time (2005), \"Live at The Sydney Opera House\" (Mixed with Allen Sides) (2008), and \"What Love Can Do\" (Burt Bacharach/Peabo Bryson) (2009). Shirakbari began working with recording artist, Rumer (musician), as her co-writer, producer, pianist, keyboardist, and arranger in 2013. The two met briefly at a \"World Hunger Day\" gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London hosted by Dionne Warwick in 2012, where Shirakbari was music director and Rumer and Warwick sang a duet of Bacharach & David's, \u201cHasbrook Heights.\u201d Rumer later moved to Los Angeles in 2013, following the release of her album, \"Boy\u2019s Don\u2019t Cry\", where the two began working together.", "In 1999, they took a small break, and Trijntje Oosterhuis released a live album with covers of Stevie Wonder. In 2001, Total Touch decided to go their separate ways, with Tjeerd wanting to focus on production and songwriting and Trijntje wanting to launch her solo career. Oosterhuis's debut solo album, \"Trijntje Oosterhuis\", consisted mainly of ballads and presented her as a diva. Trijntje personally has a fondness for Jazz instead of pop ballads, and, in 2004, she therefore signed a record deal with Blue Note and released the live album \"Strange Fruit\", consisting of Billie Holiday and George Gershwin covers. The album received critical acclaim, and Trijntje finally managed to achieve fame beyond her home country. In September 2004, Trijntje gave birth to her son Jonas. On 31 July 2006, she gave birth to a second son, Marijn Benjamin van den Eeden. Her second jazz album called \"The Look of Love (Burt Bacharach Songbook)\" was recorded with Burt Bacharach, who plays the piano on two tracks and was released on 20 November 2006. The new album was certified Platinum on the day of release, for having shipped more than 70,000 copies. In December 2006 Trijntje toured with the Metropole Orchestra performing covers of Burt Bacharach and Christmas songs. In 2007, she released a second volume of her collaboration with Burt Bacharach entitled \"Who'll Speak for Love\", with Bacharach again playing piano on three tracks. In 2008, she released a CD and DVD of an acoustic concert performance with guitarist Leonardo Amuedo, entitled \"Ken Je Mij\" (\"Do You Know Me\").", "Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois hit for the year 1968 \u2013 , \"Hei\u00df ist der Kaffee in San Jos\u00e9\" by Corry Brokken, \"Snart S\u00e5 Stiger Solen Upp Igen\" by Siw Malmkvist and \"La route du bonheur\" by . Warwick re-recorded the song as a salsa-flavored collaboration with Celia Cruz and the Pete Escovedo Orchestra for her 1998 album \"Dionne Sings Dionne.\" The song has been recorded on various Burt Bacharach tribute albums, including by Medeski Martin & Wood on \"Great Jewish Music: Burt Bacharach\" (1997), by both Yazz and Dionne Warwick (separately) on \"Tribute to Burt Bacharach & Hal David\" (2002), by Trijntje Oosterhuis on \"The Look of Love\" (2006), and by Kahimi Karie on \"All Kinds of People ~Love Burt Bacharach~\" (2010). In 1977, Maureen McCormick, Geri Reischl & Susan Olsen performed the song during a medley on an episode of \"The Brady Bunch Variety Hour\".", "Making Love (song)  \"Making Love\" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach, Bruce Roberts, and Carole Bayer Sager to serve as the theme song for the film of the same name in which, as recorded by Roberta Flack with Bacharach/ Bayer Sager producing, it played under the closing credits: a Top 20 hit single for Flack (who arranged the track), \"Making Love\" was included on the singer's 1982 album release \"I'm the One\". Carole Bayer Sager was a frequent lyricist for either Burt Bacharach - whom she married in April 1982 - or Bruce Roberts but all three songwriters only collaborated on occasion: \"Making Love\" is the second and most successful of three charting collaborations for the Bacharach/ Roberts/ Bayer Sager songwriting team, subsequent to \"Stronger Than Before\" - #30 as recorded by Carole Bayer Sager in 1981 - and preceding the 1986 El DeBarge hit \"Love Always\" (#43). In the late 1960's Burt Bacharach had regularly visited the Capitol Hill club Mr Henry's to hear a pre-stardom Roberta Flack sing, but \"Making Love\" marked the first time Flack had recorded a Bacharach composition: Flack's 1983 duet album with Peabo Bryson: \"Born to Love\", would feature two Bacharach/ Bayer Sager songwriting/ producing collaborations: \"Blame It On Me\" and \"Maybe\". Flack would recall having had no preview of the song \" Making Love\" prior to recording it: \"I just went into the studio, sight-read it, and I love the way it came out.\" The song's lyrics \"There's more to love...than making love\" were prominently displayed on the poster and also newspaper/magazine promo ads for the parent film \""], "answer": {"text": "In 2003, he teamed with singer Ronald Isley", "answer_start": 180}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collaborate with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What style of music was that?", "answer": {"text": "the compositions began to take on the sound of his earlier work.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#4", "question": "What did they do together?", "rewrite": "What did Burt Bacharach and Ronald Isley do together?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Guyton later sang in a touring version of the Platters, and died of a heart attack in 1977, aged 39, while touring in Argentina. Songwriter Bert Berns felt Spector had ruined the song and went out to show Spector how it should be done. When the Isley Brothers decided to record the song in 1962, Bert Berns (who also used the name Bert Russell) opted to produce, and thus demonstrate to Spector what he had intended to be the \"sound\" of the record. The resulting recording captured the verve of an Isley Brothers performance, and became the trio's first record to reach a Top 20 position in the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 singles chart. The Isley Brothers' version, with Ronald Isley on lead vocals, was the first major hit recording of the song, peaking at No. 17 on the U.S. pop top 40 charts, and No. 2 on the US R&B charts. The song quickly became a frequently covered R&B tune in the early 1960s. According to Ronald, the song was supposed to be the B-side to the Burt Bacharach standard, \"Make It Easy on Yourself\", which had been a hit for Jerry Butler. When the Isleys recorded \"Twist and Shout\", the brothers did not think the song would do well, as they had not had a hit in the three years since \"Shout\" established them. To their surprise, it became their first Top 40 hit on both the pop and R&B charts, and for a time established the group's reputation for producing fast-paced songs during their earlier career. The Beatles' rendition of \"Twist and Shout\" was released on their first UK album \" Please Please Me\", based on the Isley Brothers' version and featuring John Lennon on lead vocals.", "Ronald Isley Ronald Isley (; born May 21, 1941), also known as Mr. Biggs, is an American recording artist, songwriter, record producer, and occasional actor. Isley is best known as the lead singer and founding member of the family music group The Isley Brothers. Born in 1941 to Sallye Bernice (n\u00e9e Bell) and O'Kelly Isley Sr, Isley was the third of six brothers (O'Kelly Isley Jr., Rudolph Isley, Ronald, Vernon Isley, Ernie Isley, Marvin Isley). Ronald, like many of his siblings, began his career in the church. Isley began singing at the age of two, winning a $25 war bond for singing at a spiritual contest at the Union Baptist Church. By the age of seven, Isley was singing on-stage at venues such as the Regal Theater in Chicago, alongside Dinah Washington and a few other notables. By his early teens, Isley was singing regularly with his brothers in church tours and also first appeared on TV on Ted Mack's \"Amateur Hour\". In 1957, 16-year-old Isley and his two elder brothers O'Kelly and Rudy then 19 and 18 moved to New York to pursue a music career. While in New York, Isley and his brother began recording doo-wop for local labels before landing a major deal with RCA Records in 1959; where the trio wrote and released their anthemic \"Shout\". By the summer of 1959, the Isley family had moved from Cincinnati to a home in Englewood, New Jersey. For much of the Isley Brothers' duration, Isley would remain the group's consistent member of the group as well as the lead vocalist for most of the group's tenure with sporadic lead shares with his older brothers.", ", \"This Christmas\" (2014), and \"She\u2019s Back\" (2019). Shirakbari began working closely with Burt Bacharach in early 1987 when Bacharach and Warwick reunited and began touring together. Shirakbari became Bacharach's protege and was involved in recording sessions and arrangements with Bacharach. In 1996, Shirakbari became Bacharach's music director and together they wrote the arrangements for Bacharach's revamped live show, with many of the arrangements still being played in Burt's live show today. He toured extensively around the world with Bacharach until late 2010. Shirakbari performed on \"One Amazing Night\" (1998), \"Sessions at West 54th\" (Bacharach/Elvis Costello) (2001) , \"Isley meets Bacharach - Here I Am\" (Ron Isley/Burt Bacharach) (2003), At This Time (2005), \"Live at The Sydney Opera House\" (Mixed with Allen Sides) (2008), and \"What Love Can Do\" (Burt Bacharach/Peabo Bryson) (2009). Shirakbari began working with recording artist, Rumer (musician), as her co-writer, producer, pianist, keyboardist, and arranger in 2013. The two met briefly at a \"World Hunger Day\" gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London hosted by Dionne Warwick in 2012, where Shirakbari was music director and Rumer and Warwick sang a duet of Bacharach & David's, \u201cHasbrook Heights.\u201d Rumer later moved to Los Angeles in 2013, following the release of her album, \"Boy\u2019s Don\u2019t Cry\", where the two began working together.", "Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits is the debut album by American composer Burt Bacharach. The album was recorded in London, with uncredited vocals by The Breakaways, and the musicians included Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and members of the Ted Heath band. Originally issued by Kapp Records in 1965, it was reissued in 1968 as \"Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits\". After Kapp Records was consolidated with its co-owned labels into MCA Records, it was reissued on the MCA label in 1973. All tracks composed by Burt Bacharach. Side A  Side B", "In 1969, Isley reformed T-Neck Records with his brothers in a need to produce themselves without the control of record labels, forming the label shortly after ending a brief tenure with Motown. In 1973, the group's style and sound drastically changed following the release of the \"3 + 3\" album where brothers Ernie Isley and Marvin Isley and in-law Chris Jasper permanently enter the brothers' lineup, writing the music and lyrics to the group's new sound. The younger brothers had been providing instrumental help for the brothers since the late 1960s. By the mid-1970s, Isley was living in Teaneck, New Jersey. After Kelly Isley's death in 1986 and Rudy Isley's exit to fulfill a dream of ministry in 1989, Ronald has carried on with the Isley Brothers name either as a solo artist or with accompanying help from the group's younger brothers, much more prominently, Ernie Isley. In 1990, Isley scored a top-ten duet with Rod Stewart with a cover of his brothers' hit \"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)\", and in 2003 Ronald recorded a solo album, \" Here I Am: Bacharach Meets Isley\", with Burt Bacharach. In addition, Ron Isley became a sought-after hook singer for R&B veteran R. Kelly, and hip-hop acts such as Warren G, 2Pac and UGK. Ronald released his first solo album \"Mr. I\" on November 30, 2010. The album includes the first single \"No More \" It debuted at number 50 on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 22,243 copies. It was his first solo album to crack that chart. In 2010, Isley received a \"Legend Award\" at the Soul Train Music Awards. In 2013, Ronald released his second solo album \""], "answer": {"text": "the album Here I Am, which revisited a number of his 1960s compositions in Isley's signature R&B style.", "answer_start": 235}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collaborate with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What style of music was that?", "answer": {"text": "the compositions began to take on the sound of his earlier work.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, he teamed with singer Ronald Isley", "answer_start": 180, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#5", "question": "Any more collaborations?", "rewrite": "besides teaming up with singer Ronald Isley, is there any other collaborations that Burt Bacharach did?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["In 1998, Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory, on which the compositions began to take on the sound of his earlier work. In 2003, he teamed with singer Ronald Isley to release the album Here I Am, which revisited a number of his 1960s compositions in Isley's signature R&B style. Bacharach's 2005 solo album At This Time was a departure from past works in that Bacharach penned his own lyrics, some of which dealt with political themes. Guest stars on the album included Elvis Costello, Rufus Wainwright, and hip-hop producer Dr. Dre. In 2008, Bacharach opened the BBC Electric Proms at The Roundhouse in London, performing with the BBC Concert Orchestra accompanied by guest vocalists Adele, Beth Rowley and Jamie Cullum. The concert was a retrospective look back at his six-decade career. In early 2009, Bacharach worked with Italian soul singer Karima Ammar and produced her debut single Come In Ogni Ora, which became a #4 hit. In June, 2015, Bacharach performed in the UK at the Glastonbury Festival, and a few weeks later appeared on stage at the Menier Chocolate Factory to launch 'What's It All About? Bacharach Reimagined', a 90-minute live arrangement of his hits. In 2016, Bacharach, at 88 years old, composed and arranged his first original score in 16 years for the film A Boy Called Po (along with composer Joseph Bauer). The score was released on September 1, 2017. The entire 30-minute score was recorded in just two days at Capitol Studios. The theme song Dancing With Your Shadow, was composed by Bacharach, with lyrics by Billy Mann, and performed by Sheryl Crow.", "Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits is the debut album by American composer Burt Bacharach. The album was recorded in London, with uncredited vocals by The Breakaways, and the musicians included Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and members of the Ted Heath band. Originally issued by Kapp Records in 1965, it was reissued in 1968 as \"Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits\". After Kapp Records was consolidated with its co-owned labels into MCA Records, it was reissued on the MCA label in 1973. All tracks composed by Burt Bacharach. Side A  Side B", "In 1969, Isley reformed T-Neck Records with his brothers in a need to produce themselves without the control of record labels, forming the label shortly after ending a brief tenure with Motown. In 1973, the group's style and sound drastically changed following the release of the \"3 + 3\" album where brothers Ernie Isley and Marvin Isley and in-law Chris Jasper permanently enter the brothers' lineup, writing the music and lyrics to the group's new sound. The younger brothers had been providing instrumental help for the brothers since the late 1960s. By the mid-1970s, Isley was living in Teaneck, New Jersey. After Kelly Isley's death in 1986 and Rudy Isley's exit to fulfill a dream of ministry in 1989, Ronald has carried on with the Isley Brothers name either as a solo artist or with accompanying help from the group's younger brothers, much more prominently, Ernie Isley. In 1990, Isley scored a top-ten duet with Rod Stewart with a cover of his brothers' hit \"This Old Heart of Mine (Is Weak for You)\", and in 2003 Ronald recorded a solo album, \" Here I Am: Bacharach Meets Isley\", with Burt Bacharach. In addition, Ron Isley became a sought-after hook singer for R&B veteran R. Kelly, and hip-hop acts such as Warren G, 2Pac and UGK. Ronald released his first solo album \"Mr. I\" on November 30, 2010. The album includes the first single \"No More \" It debuted at number 50 on the \"Billboard\" 200, selling 22,243 copies. It was his first solo album to crack that chart. In 2010, Isley received a \"Legend Award\" at the Soul Train Music Awards. In 2013, Ronald released his second solo album \"", ", \"This Christmas\" (2014), and \"She\u2019s Back\" (2019). Shirakbari began working closely with Burt Bacharach in early 1987 when Bacharach and Warwick reunited and began touring together. Shirakbari became Bacharach's protege and was involved in recording sessions and arrangements with Bacharach. In 1996, Shirakbari became Bacharach's music director and together they wrote the arrangements for Bacharach's revamped live show, with many of the arrangements still being played in Burt's live show today. He toured extensively around the world with Bacharach until late 2010. Shirakbari performed on \"One Amazing Night\" (1998), \"Sessions at West 54th\" (Bacharach/Elvis Costello) (2001) , \"Isley meets Bacharach - Here I Am\" (Ron Isley/Burt Bacharach) (2003), At This Time (2005), \"Live at The Sydney Opera House\" (Mixed with Allen Sides) (2008), and \"What Love Can Do\" (Burt Bacharach/Peabo Bryson) (2009). Shirakbari began working with recording artist, Rumer (musician), as her co-writer, producer, pianist, keyboardist, and arranger in 2013. The two met briefly at a \"World Hunger Day\" gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London hosted by Dionne Warwick in 2012, where Shirakbari was music director and Rumer and Warwick sang a duet of Bacharach & David's, \u201cHasbrook Heights.\u201d Rumer later moved to Los Angeles in 2013, following the release of her album, \"Boy\u2019s Don\u2019t Cry\", where the two began working together.", "Making Love (song)  \"Making Love\" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach, Bruce Roberts, and Carole Bayer Sager to serve as the theme song for the film of the same name in which, as recorded by Roberta Flack with Bacharach/ Bayer Sager producing, it played under the closing credits: a Top 20 hit single for Flack (who arranged the track), \"Making Love\" was included on the singer's 1982 album release \"I'm the One\". Carole Bayer Sager was a frequent lyricist for either Burt Bacharach - whom she married in April 1982 - or Bruce Roberts but all three songwriters only collaborated on occasion: \"Making Love\" is the second and most successful of three charting collaborations for the Bacharach/ Roberts/ Bayer Sager songwriting team, subsequent to \"Stronger Than Before\" - #30 as recorded by Carole Bayer Sager in 1981 - and preceding the 1986 El DeBarge hit \"Love Always\" (#43). In the late 1960's Burt Bacharach had regularly visited the Capitol Hill club Mr Henry's to hear a pre-stardom Roberta Flack sing, but \"Making Love\" marked the first time Flack had recorded a Bacharach composition: Flack's 1983 duet album with Peabo Bryson: \"Born to Love\", would feature two Bacharach/ Bayer Sager songwriting/ producing collaborations: \"Blame It On Me\" and \"Maybe\". Flack would recall having had no preview of the song \" Making Love\" prior to recording it: \"I just went into the studio, sight-read it, and I love the way it came out.\" The song's lyrics \"There's more to love...than making love\" were prominently displayed on the poster and also newspaper/magazine promo ads for the parent film \""], "answer": {"text": "performing with the BBC Concert Orchestra accompanied by guest vocalists Adele, Beth Rowley and Jamie Cullum.", "answer_start": 672}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collaborate with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What style of music was that?", "answer": {"text": "the compositions began to take on the sound of his earlier work.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, he teamed with singer Ronald Isley", "answer_start": 180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do together?", "answer": {"text": "the album Here I Am, which revisited a number of his 1960s compositions in Isley's signature R&B style.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#6", "question": "What year did he collaborate with Adele?", "rewrite": "What year did Burt Bacharach collaborate with Adele?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits is the debut album by American composer Burt Bacharach. The album was recorded in London, with uncredited vocals by The Breakaways, and the musicians included Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and members of the Ted Heath band. Originally issued by Kapp Records in 1965, it was reissued in 1968 as \"Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits\". After Kapp Records was consolidated with its co-owned labels into MCA Records, it was reissued on the MCA label in 1973. All tracks composed by Burt Bacharach. Side A  Side B", ", \"This Christmas\" (2014), and \"She\u2019s Back\" (2019). Shirakbari began working closely with Burt Bacharach in early 1987 when Bacharach and Warwick reunited and began touring together. Shirakbari became Bacharach's protege and was involved in recording sessions and arrangements with Bacharach. In 1996, Shirakbari became Bacharach's music director and together they wrote the arrangements for Bacharach's revamped live show, with many of the arrangements still being played in Burt's live show today. He toured extensively around the world with Bacharach until late 2010. Shirakbari performed on \"One Amazing Night\" (1998), \"Sessions at West 54th\" (Bacharach/Elvis Costello) (2001) , \"Isley meets Bacharach - Here I Am\" (Ron Isley/Burt Bacharach) (2003), At This Time (2005), \"Live at The Sydney Opera House\" (Mixed with Allen Sides) (2008), and \"What Love Can Do\" (Burt Bacharach/Peabo Bryson) (2009). Shirakbari began working with recording artist, Rumer (musician), as her co-writer, producer, pianist, keyboardist, and arranger in 2013. The two met briefly at a \"World Hunger Day\" gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London hosted by Dionne Warwick in 2012, where Shirakbari was music director and Rumer and Warwick sang a duet of Bacharach & David's, \u201cHasbrook Heights.\u201d Rumer later moved to Los Angeles in 2013, following the release of her album, \"Boy\u2019s Don\u2019t Cry\", where the two began working together.", "Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois hit for the year 1968 \u2013 , \"Hei\u00df ist der Kaffee in San Jos\u00e9\" by Corry Brokken, \"Snart S\u00e5 Stiger Solen Upp Igen\" by Siw Malmkvist and \"La route du bonheur\" by . Warwick re-recorded the song as a salsa-flavored collaboration with Celia Cruz and the Pete Escovedo Orchestra for her 1998 album \"Dionne Sings Dionne.\" The song has been recorded on various Burt Bacharach tribute albums, including by Medeski Martin & Wood on \"Great Jewish Music: Burt Bacharach\" (1997), by both Yazz and Dionne Warwick (separately) on \"Tribute to Burt Bacharach & Hal David\" (2002), by Trijntje Oosterhuis on \"The Look of Love\" (2006), and by Kahimi Karie on \"All Kinds of People ~Love Burt Bacharach~\" (2010). In 1977, Maureen McCormick, Geri Reischl & Susan Olsen performed the song during a medley on an episode of \"The Brady Bunch Variety Hour\".", "In 1999, they took a small break, and Trijntje Oosterhuis released a live album with covers of Stevie Wonder. In 2001, Total Touch decided to go their separate ways, with Tjeerd wanting to focus on production and songwriting and Trijntje wanting to launch her solo career. Oosterhuis's debut solo album, \"Trijntje Oosterhuis\", consisted mainly of ballads and presented her as a diva. Trijntje personally has a fondness for Jazz instead of pop ballads, and, in 2004, she therefore signed a record deal with Blue Note and released the live album \"Strange Fruit\", consisting of Billie Holiday and George Gershwin covers. The album received critical acclaim, and Trijntje finally managed to achieve fame beyond her home country. In September 2004, Trijntje gave birth to her son Jonas. On 31 July 2006, she gave birth to a second son, Marijn Benjamin van den Eeden. Her second jazz album called \"The Look of Love (Burt Bacharach Songbook)\" was recorded with Burt Bacharach, who plays the piano on two tracks and was released on 20 November 2006. The new album was certified Platinum on the day of release, for having shipped more than 70,000 copies. In December 2006 Trijntje toured with the Metropole Orchestra performing covers of Burt Bacharach and Christmas songs. In 2007, she released a second volume of her collaboration with Burt Bacharach entitled \"Who'll Speak for Love\", with Bacharach again playing piano on three tracks. In 2008, she released a CD and DVD of an acoustic concert performance with guitarist Leonardo Amuedo, entitled \"Ken Je Mij\" (\"Do You Know Me\").", "Making Love (song)  \"Making Love\" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach, Bruce Roberts, and Carole Bayer Sager to serve as the theme song for the film of the same name in which, as recorded by Roberta Flack with Bacharach/ Bayer Sager producing, it played under the closing credits: a Top 20 hit single for Flack (who arranged the track), \"Making Love\" was included on the singer's 1982 album release \"I'm the One\". Carole Bayer Sager was a frequent lyricist for either Burt Bacharach - whom she married in April 1982 - or Bruce Roberts but all three songwriters only collaborated on occasion: \"Making Love\" is the second and most successful of three charting collaborations for the Bacharach/ Roberts/ Bayer Sager songwriting team, subsequent to \"Stronger Than Before\" - #30 as recorded by Carole Bayer Sager in 1981 - and preceding the 1986 El DeBarge hit \"Love Always\" (#43). In the late 1960's Burt Bacharach had regularly visited the Capitol Hill club Mr Henry's to hear a pre-stardom Roberta Flack sing, but \"Making Love\" marked the first time Flack had recorded a Bacharach composition: Flack's 1983 duet album with Peabo Bryson: \"Born to Love\", would feature two Bacharach/ Bayer Sager songwriting/ producing collaborations: \"Blame It On Me\" and \"Maybe\". Flack would recall having had no preview of the song \" Making Love\" prior to recording it: \"I just went into the studio, sight-read it, and I love the way it came out.\" The song's lyrics \"There's more to love...than making love\" were prominently displayed on the poster and also newspaper/magazine promo ads for the parent film \""], "answer": {"text": "In 2008,", "answer_start": 594}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collaborate with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What style of music was that?", "answer": {"text": "the compositions began to take on the sound of his earlier work.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, he teamed with singer Ronald Isley", "answer_start": 180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do together?", "answer": {"text": "the album Here I Am, which revisited a number of his 1960s compositions in Isley's signature R&B style.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any more collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "performing with the BBC Concert Orchestra accompanied by guest vocalists Adele, Beth Rowley and Jamie Cullum.", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_b0f97fee71b04d08a9b3dd091f3b4998_0_q#7", "question": "Did any of his later songs hit the charts?", "rewrite": "After 2008, did any of Burt Bacharach songs hit the charts?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In 1999, they took a small break, and Trijntje Oosterhuis released a live album with covers of Stevie Wonder. In 2001, Total Touch decided to go their separate ways, with Tjeerd wanting to focus on production and songwriting and Trijntje wanting to launch her solo career. Oosterhuis's debut solo album, \"Trijntje Oosterhuis\", consisted mainly of ballads and presented her as a diva. Trijntje personally has a fondness for Jazz instead of pop ballads, and, in 2004, she therefore signed a record deal with Blue Note and released the live album \"Strange Fruit\", consisting of Billie Holiday and George Gershwin covers. The album received critical acclaim, and Trijntje finally managed to achieve fame beyond her home country. In September 2004, Trijntje gave birth to her son Jonas. On 31 July 2006, she gave birth to a second son, Marijn Benjamin van den Eeden. Her second jazz album called \"The Look of Love (Burt Bacharach Songbook)\" was recorded with Burt Bacharach, who plays the piano on two tracks and was released on 20 November 2006. The new album was certified Platinum on the day of release, for having shipped more than 70,000 copies. In December 2006 Trijntje toured with the Metropole Orchestra performing covers of Burt Bacharach and Christmas songs. In 2007, she released a second volume of her collaboration with Burt Bacharach entitled \"Who'll Speak for Love\", with Bacharach again playing piano on three tracks. In 2008, she released a CD and DVD of an acoustic concert performance with guitarist Leonardo Amuedo, entitled \"Ken Je Mij\" (\"Do You Know Me\").", "Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits Hit Maker! : Burt Bacharach plays the Burt Bacharach Hits is the debut album by American composer Burt Bacharach. The album was recorded in London, with uncredited vocals by The Breakaways, and the musicians included Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, Big Jim Sullivan and members of the Ted Heath band. Originally issued by Kapp Records in 1965, it was reissued in 1968 as \"Burt Bacharach Plays His Hits\". After Kapp Records was consolidated with its co-owned labels into MCA Records, it was reissued on the MCA label in 1973. All tracks composed by Burt Bacharach. Side A  Side B", ", \"This Christmas\" (2014), and \"She\u2019s Back\" (2019). Shirakbari began working closely with Burt Bacharach in early 1987 when Bacharach and Warwick reunited and began touring together. Shirakbari became Bacharach's protege and was involved in recording sessions and arrangements with Bacharach. In 1996, Shirakbari became Bacharach's music director and together they wrote the arrangements for Bacharach's revamped live show, with many of the arrangements still being played in Burt's live show today. He toured extensively around the world with Bacharach until late 2010. Shirakbari performed on \"One Amazing Night\" (1998), \"Sessions at West 54th\" (Bacharach/Elvis Costello) (2001) , \"Isley meets Bacharach - Here I Am\" (Ron Isley/Burt Bacharach) (2003), At This Time (2005), \"Live at The Sydney Opera House\" (Mixed with Allen Sides) (2008), and \"What Love Can Do\" (Burt Bacharach/Peabo Bryson) (2009). Shirakbari began working with recording artist, Rumer (musician), as her co-writer, producer, pianist, keyboardist, and arranger in 2013. The two met briefly at a \"World Hunger Day\" gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London hosted by Dionne Warwick in 2012, where Shirakbari was music director and Rumer and Warwick sang a duet of Bacharach & David's, \u201cHasbrook Heights.\u201d Rumer later moved to Los Angeles in 2013, following the release of her album, \"Boy\u2019s Don\u2019t Cry\", where the two began working together.", "Making Love (song)  \"Making Love\" is a 1982 song written by Burt Bacharach, Bruce Roberts, and Carole Bayer Sager to serve as the theme song for the film of the same name in which, as recorded by Roberta Flack with Bacharach/ Bayer Sager producing, it played under the closing credits: a Top 20 hit single for Flack (who arranged the track), \"Making Love\" was included on the singer's 1982 album release \"I'm the One\". Carole Bayer Sager was a frequent lyricist for either Burt Bacharach - whom she married in April 1982 - or Bruce Roberts but all three songwriters only collaborated on occasion: \"Making Love\" is the second and most successful of three charting collaborations for the Bacharach/ Roberts/ Bayer Sager songwriting team, subsequent to \"Stronger Than Before\" - #30 as recorded by Carole Bayer Sager in 1981 - and preceding the 1986 El DeBarge hit \"Love Always\" (#43). In the late 1960's Burt Bacharach had regularly visited the Capitol Hill club Mr Henry's to hear a pre-stardom Roberta Flack sing, but \"Making Love\" marked the first time Flack had recorded a Bacharach composition: Flack's 1983 duet album with Peabo Bryson: \"Born to Love\", would feature two Bacharach/ Bayer Sager songwriting/ producing collaborations: \"Blame It On Me\" and \"Maybe\". Flack would recall having had no preview of the song \" Making Love\" prior to recording it: \"I just went into the studio, sight-read it, and I love the way it came out.\" The song's lyrics \"There's more to love...than making love\" were prominently displayed on the poster and also newspaper/magazine promo ads for the parent film \"", "Painted from Memory  Painted from Memory is a collaboration between Elvis Costello and Burt Bacharach. It was released 29 September 1998 on Mercury Records, a division of Universal Music Group. The collaboration commenced with \"God Give Me Strength\", a commission for the 1996 film \"Grace of My Heart\", directed by Allison Anders, starring Illeana Douglas, with lead vocals by Kristen Vigard. Apparently pleased with the result, the pair expanded the project to this full album, the first for Costello after an absence of two years, and for Bacharach after an absence of 21 years. Lyrics and music are co-credited to both Bacharach and Costello. In his 2015 autobiography, \"Unfaithful Music and Disappearing Ink\", Costello wrote, \"To have written a song like \"God Give Me Strength\" and simply stopped would have been ridiculous, so about a year later we began a series of writing sessions [\u2026].\" A companion album, \"The Sweetest Punch\", was made concurrently by jazz guitarist Bill Frisell, released in 1999 on another Universal label, Decca Records. It consists of jazz arrangements of the \"Painted From Memory\" songs done by Frisell and his studio group. It features vocals by Costello on two songs, and by jazz singer Cassandra Wilson on two songs, one of which is a duet employing both. Costello had long been a Bacharach fan, and had recorded several Bacharach songs, beginning with \"I Just Don't Know What to Do with Myself,\" released on a 1978 Stiff Records compilation \"Live Stiffs Live\". Costello would also cover \"I'll Never Fall in Love Again\" for the . \"I Still Have That Other Girl\" won a Grammy Award in 1998 for \"Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals\" for Bacharach and Costello."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What happened with Burt Bacharach in 1990?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he collaborate with anyone?", "answer": {"text": "Bacharach co-wrote and recorded a Grammy-winning album with Elvis Costello, Painted from Memory,", "answer_start": 9, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What style of music was that?", "answer": {"text": "the compositions began to take on the sound of his earlier work.", "answer_start": 115, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What happened next?", "answer": {"text": "In 2003, he teamed with singer Ronald Isley", "answer_start": 180, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did they do together?", "answer": {"text": "the album Here I Am, which revisited a number of his 1960s compositions in Isley's signature R&B style.", "answer_start": 235, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Any more collaborations?", "answer": {"text": "performing with the BBC Concert Orchestra accompanied by guest vocalists Adele, Beth Rowley and Jamie Cullum.", "answer_start": 672, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What year did he collaborate with Adele?", "answer": {"text": "In 2008,", "answer_start": 594, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#0", "question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "rewrite": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Kliq The Kliq was a backstage group in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) during the mid-1990s, composed of Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Shawn Michaels, Paul Levesque, Sean Waltman. Several of the men, most notably Michaels, Nash, and Hall, wielded an immense amount of power within the company at the time, which they used to positively influence one another's careers. In May 1996, The Kliq broke character at a live event at Madison Square Garden in an unscripted incident referred to as the \"Curtain Call\", which had far-reaching ramifications for the WWE specifically and the wrestling world as a whole. At a time when professional wrestling organizations worked to maintain the illusion of storylines and characters, the Curtain Call marked the first time that such high-profile performers had so publicly broken character, forcing the WWE and other wrestling organizations to begin acknowledging the scripted elements of their programming. The Kliq was also the primary catalyst for two of the most well known stables in wrestling history: the New World Order (nWo) in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the WWF/E, and D-Generation X (DX) in the WWF/E. Of the Kliq, Michaels and Waltman would serve in both groups; Triple H was a member of DX while Nash and Hall performed with the nWo. The Kliq was formed in 1994 by real-life best friends Scott Hall (then known as Razor Ramon), Kevin Nash (Diesel), Michael Hickenbottom (Shawn Michaels) and Sean Waltman (1-2-3 Kid). In January 1995, Paul Levesque left WCW and arrived in the WWF as Hunter Hearst Helmsley (Triple H) and became the next member of The Kliq.", "PPV event held on July 24, No Surrender was rated higher, as Bob Kapur gave The Great American Bash a 5 out of 10. Clevett felt that No Surrender proved that \"when everything clicks they [TNA] can put on a fantastic show that gives fans their money's worth.\" A.J. Styles versus Sean Waltman, Samoa Joe versus Chris Sabin, and the X Division Championship match were signaled out by Clevett as three \"fantastic matches on a solid undercard.\" Clevett gave his highest match rating of 9 out of 10 in his review to the Joe versus Sabin bout. He gave his lowest rating of 3 out of 10 to the Tag Team Street Fight. The main event, Styles versus Waltman, and the X Division Championship matches were all given an 8 out of 10 by Clevett. Regarding the Dog Collar match, Clevett thought it was a \"bloody and violent encounter, as one would expect with those two in the ring.\" When commenting on the Styles versus Waltman encounter, Clevett thought it \"was undoubtable Waltman's best match in years\". Wade Keller of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\" rated the main event, Styles versus Waltman, and Joe versus Sabin all 3 and a half stars out of 5. However, the X Division Championship match received a 3 and a three-fourths stars out of 5, his highest rating of the review. He gave the lowest ranking to the Tag Team Street Fight, at a half of a star. Keller commented on the main event as being \"what you'd expect, and that's not a bad thing\". Keller thought the Styles versus Waltman bout was a \"very good match, the best from Waltman in years\". James Caldwell, also of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\", published a review of the show.", "The Outlaw requested to be called by a new name before the contest, Kip James. The Outlaw was busted open during the bout. Multiple referees had to be replaced for the match, due to reoccurring attacks on them by The Outlaw. Brown won the encounter after performing his signature Pounce maneuver on Killings, knocking him across the ring onto the mat, at 5 minutes and 20 seconds. After the contest, B.G. James entered the ring where The Outlaw offered James a chair to hit Konnan with, which James declined. Jerry Lynn was Special Guest Referee for the next encounter between A.J. Styles and Sean Waltman. Styles bleed from the nose during the match. Styles gained a near-fall on Waltman after performing his signature Styles Clash maneuver and slamming Waltman face-first into the mat. Waltman also gained a near-fall following his signature X-Factor maneuver and forcing Styles face-first into the mat. Later, Styles jumped from the ring apron over the top rope and Waltman in a sunset flip. Waltman held onto the ropes, trying to prevent a pin attempt, until Lynn kicked his hands off the top rope. Styles then rolled through and lifted Waltman up to perform the Styles Clash at 14 minutes and 37 seconds to win the competition. The TNA X Division Championship was defended by Christopher Daniels against Petey Williams, who was accompanied by A-1. The duration was 16 minutes and 24 seconds. During the match, Williams put Daniels in his Sharpshooter submission hold, which Williams was forced to released when Daniels grabbed the bottom rope. A-1 tossed Williams a chain to bash Daniels with. However, Daniels had his own chain which he used to punch Williams with and followed by performing his signature Best Moonsault Ever maneuver, splashing onto Williams, to retain the championship.", "TNA held the 2005 TNA Super X Cup Tournament in the weeks following No Surrender leading up to Sacrifice. It was a single-elimination tournament which involved eight men, A.J. Styles, Alex Shelley, Chris Sabin, Michael Shane, Petey Williams, Samoa Joe, Shocker, and Sonjay Dutt. The winner of the tournament would become number one contender to the TNA X Division Championship held by Christopher Daniels. Daniels provided commentary to each of the encounters on the July 22, July 29, August 5, and August 10 episodes of \"Impact!\", as well as the Finals at Sacrifice. Daniels unofficially named the tournament the Christopher Daniels Invitational. The tournament came down to Joe and Styles in the Finals at Sacrifice, which Joe won after interference from Daniels. Sean Waltman and Jerry Lynn sparked a rivalry after No Surrender due to Lynn's interference in Waltman's bout against Styles, with the two facing at Sacrifice. The storyline revolving around this match began on the July 22 episode of Impact!, where Waltman accused Lynn of trying to steal his spotlight in a backstage segment, while Lynn took credit for Waltman's success in the industry for helping Waltman get his start. Lynn defeated Waltman at the event. The 3Live Kru (Konnan and Ron Killings) and the team of Monty Brown and The Outlaw fought at Sacrifice, this time with B.G. James as Special Guest Referee. Due to The Outlaw attacking several referees during the Street Fight at No Surrender, TNA officials refused to referee a rematch between the two teams at Sacrifice. As such, this forced Zbyszko to name B.G. as the Special Guest Referee on the July 29 episode of \"Impact!\". The 3Live Kru were the victors at Sacrifice.", "He won the TNA X Division Championship twice, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice (once with A.J. Styles, once with Amazing Red). He feuded with A.J. Styles and Don Callis, and was an X Division mainstay. In the late spring of 2003, he joined the newly formed All World Wrestling League/Big Time Wrestling. However, in February 2004 he suffered a severe shoulder injury, tearing the tendon from the bone in his rotator cuff, when Juventud Guerrera botched a Juvi Driver. Lynn became a TNA road agent, planning matches and coaching younger talent. Lynn made his return to the ring on June 10, 2005 when he faced Justin Credible at Hardcore Homecoming, an ECW reunion show organized by ECW alumnus Shane Douglas. On July 17 at No Surrender, Lynn refereed a match between Sean Waltman and A.J. Styles, refusing to allow Waltman to cheat in the course of the match. This led to a match between Lynn and Waltman at Sacrifice on August 14, which Lynn won. After the match, Waltman initially celebrated with Lynn before attacking his former partner. The following week on \"Impact! \" , it was announced that Lynn had re-injured his shoulder. (This was believed to be an angle designed to fuel the feud between Lynn and Waltman rather than a legitimate aggravation of the existing injury. The length of his absence would seem to contradict this; however, the angle was likely dropped when Sean Waltman no-showed Unbreakable a month later, as TNA would not work with Waltman on a regular basis again for over four years.) In January 2006, he began making on-screen appearances once more as a road agent. He came out at Final Resolution to watch a match which was Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Matt Bentley"], "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#1", "question": "What did he do there?", "rewrite": "What did Sean Waltman do at MTV's?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He won the TNA X Division Championship twice, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice (once with A.J. Styles, once with Amazing Red). He feuded with A.J. Styles and Don Callis, and was an X Division mainstay. In the late spring of 2003, he joined the newly formed All World Wrestling League/Big Time Wrestling. However, in February 2004 he suffered a severe shoulder injury, tearing the tendon from the bone in his rotator cuff, when Juventud Guerrera botched a Juvi Driver. Lynn became a TNA road agent, planning matches and coaching younger talent. Lynn made his return to the ring on June 10, 2005 when he faced Justin Credible at Hardcore Homecoming, an ECW reunion show organized by ECW alumnus Shane Douglas. On July 17 at No Surrender, Lynn refereed a match between Sean Waltman and A.J. Styles, refusing to allow Waltman to cheat in the course of the match. This led to a match between Lynn and Waltman at Sacrifice on August 14, which Lynn won. After the match, Waltman initially celebrated with Lynn before attacking his former partner. The following week on \"Impact! \" , it was announced that Lynn had re-injured his shoulder. (This was believed to be an angle designed to fuel the feud between Lynn and Waltman rather than a legitimate aggravation of the existing injury. The length of his absence would seem to contradict this; however, the angle was likely dropped when Sean Waltman no-showed Unbreakable a month later, as TNA would not work with Waltman on a regular basis again for over four years.) In January 2006, he began making on-screen appearances once more as a road agent. He came out at Final Resolution to watch a match which was Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Matt Bentley", "PPV event held on July 24, No Surrender was rated higher, as Bob Kapur gave The Great American Bash a 5 out of 10. Clevett felt that No Surrender proved that \"when everything clicks they [TNA] can put on a fantastic show that gives fans their money's worth.\" A.J. Styles versus Sean Waltman, Samoa Joe versus Chris Sabin, and the X Division Championship match were signaled out by Clevett as three \"fantastic matches on a solid undercard.\" Clevett gave his highest match rating of 9 out of 10 in his review to the Joe versus Sabin bout. He gave his lowest rating of 3 out of 10 to the Tag Team Street Fight. The main event, Styles versus Waltman, and the X Division Championship matches were all given an 8 out of 10 by Clevett. Regarding the Dog Collar match, Clevett thought it was a \"bloody and violent encounter, as one would expect with those two in the ring.\" When commenting on the Styles versus Waltman encounter, Clevett thought it \"was undoubtable Waltman's best match in years\". Wade Keller of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\" rated the main event, Styles versus Waltman, and Joe versus Sabin all 3 and a half stars out of 5. However, the X Division Championship match received a 3 and a three-fourths stars out of 5, his highest rating of the review. He gave the lowest ranking to the Tag Team Street Fight, at a half of a star. Keller commented on the main event as being \"what you'd expect, and that's not a bad thing\". Keller thought the Styles versus Waltman bout was a \"very good match, the best from Waltman in years\". James Caldwell, also of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\", published a review of the show.", "The Outlaw requested to be called by a new name before the contest, Kip James. The Outlaw was busted open during the bout. Multiple referees had to be replaced for the match, due to reoccurring attacks on them by The Outlaw. Brown won the encounter after performing his signature Pounce maneuver on Killings, knocking him across the ring onto the mat, at 5 minutes and 20 seconds. After the contest, B.G. James entered the ring where The Outlaw offered James a chair to hit Konnan with, which James declined. Jerry Lynn was Special Guest Referee for the next encounter between A.J. Styles and Sean Waltman. Styles bleed from the nose during the match. Styles gained a near-fall on Waltman after performing his signature Styles Clash maneuver and slamming Waltman face-first into the mat. Waltman also gained a near-fall following his signature X-Factor maneuver and forcing Styles face-first into the mat. Later, Styles jumped from the ring apron over the top rope and Waltman in a sunset flip. Waltman held onto the ropes, trying to prevent a pin attempt, until Lynn kicked his hands off the top rope. Styles then rolled through and lifted Waltman up to perform the Styles Clash at 14 minutes and 37 seconds to win the competition. The TNA X Division Championship was defended by Christopher Daniels against Petey Williams, who was accompanied by A-1. The duration was 16 minutes and 24 seconds. During the match, Williams put Daniels in his Sharpshooter submission hold, which Williams was forced to released when Daniels grabbed the bottom rope. A-1 tossed Williams a chain to bash Daniels with. However, Daniels had his own chain which he used to punch Williams with and followed by performing his signature Best Moonsault Ever maneuver, splashing onto Williams, to retain the championship.", "TNA held the 2005 TNA Super X Cup Tournament in the weeks following No Surrender leading up to Sacrifice. It was a single-elimination tournament which involved eight men, A.J. Styles, Alex Shelley, Chris Sabin, Michael Shane, Petey Williams, Samoa Joe, Shocker, and Sonjay Dutt. The winner of the tournament would become number one contender to the TNA X Division Championship held by Christopher Daniels. Daniels provided commentary to each of the encounters on the July 22, July 29, August 5, and August 10 episodes of \"Impact!\", as well as the Finals at Sacrifice. Daniels unofficially named the tournament the Christopher Daniels Invitational. The tournament came down to Joe and Styles in the Finals at Sacrifice, which Joe won after interference from Daniels. Sean Waltman and Jerry Lynn sparked a rivalry after No Surrender due to Lynn's interference in Waltman's bout against Styles, with the two facing at Sacrifice. The storyline revolving around this match began on the July 22 episode of Impact!, where Waltman accused Lynn of trying to steal his spotlight in a backstage segment, while Lynn took credit for Waltman's success in the industry for helping Waltman get his start. Lynn defeated Waltman at the event. The 3Live Kru (Konnan and Ron Killings) and the team of Monty Brown and The Outlaw fought at Sacrifice, this time with B.G. James as Special Guest Referee. Due to The Outlaw attacking several referees during the Street Fight at No Surrender, TNA officials refused to referee a rematch between the two teams at Sacrifice. As such, this forced Zbyszko to name B.G. as the Special Guest Referee on the July 29 episode of \"Impact!\". The 3Live Kru were the victors at Sacrifice.", "The Kliq The Kliq was a backstage group in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) during the mid-1990s, composed of Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Shawn Michaels, Paul Levesque, Sean Waltman. Several of the men, most notably Michaels, Nash, and Hall, wielded an immense amount of power within the company at the time, which they used to positively influence one another's careers. In May 1996, The Kliq broke character at a live event at Madison Square Garden in an unscripted incident referred to as the \"Curtain Call\", which had far-reaching ramifications for the WWE specifically and the wrestling world as a whole. At a time when professional wrestling organizations worked to maintain the illusion of storylines and characters, the Curtain Call marked the first time that such high-profile performers had so publicly broken character, forcing the WWE and other wrestling organizations to begin acknowledging the scripted elements of their programming. The Kliq was also the primary catalyst for two of the most well known stables in wrestling history: the New World Order (nWo) in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the WWF/E, and D-Generation X (DX) in the WWF/E. Of the Kliq, Michaels and Waltman would serve in both groups; Triple H was a member of DX while Nash and Hall performed with the nWo. The Kliq was formed in 1994 by real-life best friends Scott Hall (then known as Razor Ramon), Kevin Nash (Diesel), Michael Hickenbottom (Shawn Michaels) and Sean Waltman (1-2-3 Kid). In January 1995, Paul Levesque left WCW and arrived in the WWF as Hunter Hearst Helmsley (Triple H) and became the next member of The Kliq."], "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#2", "question": "Was he contreversial?", "rewrite": "Was Sean Waltman contreversial?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Kliq The Kliq was a backstage group in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) during the mid-1990s, composed of Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Shawn Michaels, Paul Levesque, Sean Waltman. Several of the men, most notably Michaels, Nash, and Hall, wielded an immense amount of power within the company at the time, which they used to positively influence one another's careers. In May 1996, The Kliq broke character at a live event at Madison Square Garden in an unscripted incident referred to as the \"Curtain Call\", which had far-reaching ramifications for the WWE specifically and the wrestling world as a whole. At a time when professional wrestling organizations worked to maintain the illusion of storylines and characters, the Curtain Call marked the first time that such high-profile performers had so publicly broken character, forcing the WWE and other wrestling organizations to begin acknowledging the scripted elements of their programming. The Kliq was also the primary catalyst for two of the most well known stables in wrestling history: the New World Order (nWo) in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the WWF/E, and D-Generation X (DX) in the WWF/E. Of the Kliq, Michaels and Waltman would serve in both groups; Triple H was a member of DX while Nash and Hall performed with the nWo. The Kliq was formed in 1994 by real-life best friends Scott Hall (then known as Razor Ramon), Kevin Nash (Diesel), Michael Hickenbottom (Shawn Michaels) and Sean Waltman (1-2-3 Kid). In January 1995, Paul Levesque left WCW and arrived in the WWF as Hunter Hearst Helmsley (Triple H) and became the next member of The Kliq.", "The Outlaw requested to be called by a new name before the contest, Kip James. The Outlaw was busted open during the bout. Multiple referees had to be replaced for the match, due to reoccurring attacks on them by The Outlaw. Brown won the encounter after performing his signature Pounce maneuver on Killings, knocking him across the ring onto the mat, at 5 minutes and 20 seconds. After the contest, B.G. James entered the ring where The Outlaw offered James a chair to hit Konnan with, which James declined. Jerry Lynn was Special Guest Referee for the next encounter between A.J. Styles and Sean Waltman. Styles bleed from the nose during the match. Styles gained a near-fall on Waltman after performing his signature Styles Clash maneuver and slamming Waltman face-first into the mat. Waltman also gained a near-fall following his signature X-Factor maneuver and forcing Styles face-first into the mat. Later, Styles jumped from the ring apron over the top rope and Waltman in a sunset flip. Waltman held onto the ropes, trying to prevent a pin attempt, until Lynn kicked his hands off the top rope. Styles then rolled through and lifted Waltman up to perform the Styles Clash at 14 minutes and 37 seconds to win the competition. The TNA X Division Championship was defended by Christopher Daniels against Petey Williams, who was accompanied by A-1. The duration was 16 minutes and 24 seconds. During the match, Williams put Daniels in his Sharpshooter submission hold, which Williams was forced to released when Daniels grabbed the bottom rope. A-1 tossed Williams a chain to bash Daniels with. However, Daniels had his own chain which he used to punch Williams with and followed by performing his signature Best Moonsault Ever maneuver, splashing onto Williams, to retain the championship.", "PPV event held on July 24, No Surrender was rated higher, as Bob Kapur gave The Great American Bash a 5 out of 10. Clevett felt that No Surrender proved that \"when everything clicks they [TNA] can put on a fantastic show that gives fans their money's worth.\" A.J. Styles versus Sean Waltman, Samoa Joe versus Chris Sabin, and the X Division Championship match were signaled out by Clevett as three \"fantastic matches on a solid undercard.\" Clevett gave his highest match rating of 9 out of 10 in his review to the Joe versus Sabin bout. He gave his lowest rating of 3 out of 10 to the Tag Team Street Fight. The main event, Styles versus Waltman, and the X Division Championship matches were all given an 8 out of 10 by Clevett. Regarding the Dog Collar match, Clevett thought it was a \"bloody and violent encounter, as one would expect with those two in the ring.\" When commenting on the Styles versus Waltman encounter, Clevett thought it \"was undoubtable Waltman's best match in years\". Wade Keller of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\" rated the main event, Styles versus Waltman, and Joe versus Sabin all 3 and a half stars out of 5. However, the X Division Championship match received a 3 and a three-fourths stars out of 5, his highest rating of the review. He gave the lowest ranking to the Tag Team Street Fight, at a half of a star. Keller commented on the main event as being \"what you'd expect, and that's not a bad thing\". Keller thought the Styles versus Waltman bout was a \"very good match, the best from Waltman in years\". James Caldwell, also of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\", published a review of the show.", "He won the TNA X Division Championship twice, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice (once with A.J. Styles, once with Amazing Red). He feuded with A.J. Styles and Don Callis, and was an X Division mainstay. In the late spring of 2003, he joined the newly formed All World Wrestling League/Big Time Wrestling. However, in February 2004 he suffered a severe shoulder injury, tearing the tendon from the bone in his rotator cuff, when Juventud Guerrera botched a Juvi Driver. Lynn became a TNA road agent, planning matches and coaching younger talent. Lynn made his return to the ring on June 10, 2005 when he faced Justin Credible at Hardcore Homecoming, an ECW reunion show organized by ECW alumnus Shane Douglas. On July 17 at No Surrender, Lynn refereed a match between Sean Waltman and A.J. Styles, refusing to allow Waltman to cheat in the course of the match. This led to a match between Lynn and Waltman at Sacrifice on August 14, which Lynn won. After the match, Waltman initially celebrated with Lynn before attacking his former partner. The following week on \"Impact! \" , it was announced that Lynn had re-injured his shoulder. (This was believed to be an angle designed to fuel the feud between Lynn and Waltman rather than a legitimate aggravation of the existing injury. The length of his absence would seem to contradict this; however, the angle was likely dropped when Sean Waltman no-showed Unbreakable a month later, as TNA would not work with Waltman on a regular basis again for over four years.) In January 2006, he began making on-screen appearances once more as a road agent. He came out at Final Resolution to watch a match which was Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Matt Bentley", "TNA held the 2005 TNA Super X Cup Tournament in the weeks following No Surrender leading up to Sacrifice. It was a single-elimination tournament which involved eight men, A.J. Styles, Alex Shelley, Chris Sabin, Michael Shane, Petey Williams, Samoa Joe, Shocker, and Sonjay Dutt. The winner of the tournament would become number one contender to the TNA X Division Championship held by Christopher Daniels. Daniels provided commentary to each of the encounters on the July 22, July 29, August 5, and August 10 episodes of \"Impact!\", as well as the Finals at Sacrifice. Daniels unofficially named the tournament the Christopher Daniels Invitational. The tournament came down to Joe and Styles in the Finals at Sacrifice, which Joe won after interference from Daniels. Sean Waltman and Jerry Lynn sparked a rivalry after No Surrender due to Lynn's interference in Waltman's bout against Styles, with the two facing at Sacrifice. The storyline revolving around this match began on the July 22 episode of Impact!, where Waltman accused Lynn of trying to steal his spotlight in a backstage segment, while Lynn took credit for Waltman's success in the industry for helping Waltman get his start. Lynn defeated Waltman at the event. The 3Live Kru (Konnan and Ron Killings) and the team of Monty Brown and The Outlaw fought at Sacrifice, this time with B.G. James as Special Guest Referee. Due to The Outlaw attacking several referees during the Street Fight at No Surrender, TNA officials refused to referee a rematch between the two teams at Sacrifice. As such, this forced Zbyszko to name B.G. as the Special Guest Referee on the July 29 episode of \"Impact!\". The 3Live Kru were the victors at Sacrifice."], "answer": {"text": "He challenged Vampiro in episode four,", "answer_start": 350}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do there?", "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#3", "question": "What was the response to the challenge?", "rewrite": "What was the response to the challenge Vampiro in episode four?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["He competed in a 10-man Battle Royal Death match, eventually securing one of two contracts earning him a shot at the inaugural Wrestling Society X Championship against 6-Pac (Sean Waltman). He won the WSX Championship, on the February 6th episode, after sending Waltman into an exploding coffin with a Tombstone piledriver. Vampiro was involved in a what MTV claimed was a controversial angle which led to MTV canceling the fourth WSX show, due to air on Tuesday, February 20. In the (pre-taped) show, he was the recipient of a fireball to the face thrown by Ricky Banderas which resulted in Vampiro's head momentarily catching fire. The footage has since been leaked onto the internet. Later in his debut WSX match, Ricky Banderas defeated Vampiro to claim the WSX Championship. In addition to appearing as an on-screen talent, Vampiro held a backstage position as the main booker. On February 23, 2011, Vampiro officially came out of retirement and returned to Juggalo Championship Wrestling as both a wrestler and a company consultant. He raised hopes of developing talent, taking the company international, and, more specifically, bringing it to Latin America. At \"Monster's Island\", he was placed in a rivalry with giant wrestler Kongo Kong. Raven interfered in the match and attacked Vampiro, resulting in him losing by pinfall. Vampiro lost his rematch with Kong at Juggalo Championship Wrestling's first internet pay-per-view Hatchet Attacks. On August 14, Vampiro took on Corporal Robinson for the JCW Heavyweight Championship at Bloodymania V which Vampiro lost. Vampiro returned August 12, 2012, defeating Colt Cabana at Bloodymania 6.", "He would not return to WCW until the March 18, 1999 episode of \"WCW Thunder\", when he defeated Prince Iaukea. Later that year, he formed a stable with the Insane Clown Posse (ICP) and Raven called 'The Dead Pool' (initially called 'The Necro-Ward'). Even though the stable was short-lived, they gained popularity and had a heated feud with Eddie Guerrero, Rey Mysterio Jr., and rival Konnan. Vampiro then feuded with Berlyn. The feud began when Vampiro beat Berlyn in the WCW World Title tournament on Nitro. To exact revenge later in the night, Berlyn cost Vampiro his match against Buff Bagwell and, as a result, Vampiro was eliminated from the tournament. This feud led to the 1999 Mayhem event, where the two fought in a Dog Collar match and Vampiro made Berlyn submit to the Camel Clutch. Vampiro later brought The Misfits into WCW, and began a feud with Oklahoma and \"Dr. Death\" Steve Williams. Vampiro and Dr. Death then faced off at Starrcade, with the stipulation that if Vampiro won, he would get five minutes in the ring against Oklahoma. After Williams was disqualified, Vampiro had his match with Oklahoma. Surprisingly, Oklahoma was able to mount a bit of offense, until Vampiro took Oklahoma's cowboy hat and then pinned him following the Nail In The Coffin. In early 2000, he formed an alliance with Sting, as the \"Brothers in Paint,\" after he helped Sting to defeat Lex Luger in a lumberjack match. This did not last long, with Vampiro turning on Sting when he pulled Sting underneath the ring at Spring Stampede 2000. They feuded throughout the spring, with Sting getting the upper hand on Vampiro in nearly all their encounters.", "September 17, 2003, Vampiro made his TNA debut costing Raven a Hair vs Hair \" match against Shane Douglas. On September 19, Vampiro defeated CM Punk in an \u201cOpen Challenge\u201d match. Then on October 1, Vampiro teamed with Sinn and Slash to face 3Live Kru (Konnan, Ron Killings, BG James) with the match ending in a DQ. The next week, Vampiro attacked Raven and tried to hang him but Raven was saved by the Gathering. The following week, Vampiro and Slash defeated CM Punk & Julio Dinero. On October 29, Vampiro faced Raven in a \u201cBlood Gallows of Retribution\u201d match where he lost. This was Vampiro's final match with TNA. Hodgkinson had a short stint in the American hardcore promotion Xtreme Pro Wrestling. Hodgkinson had a notably stiff match with Kaos during XPW's Cold Day in Hell. In 2005, he jumped from CMLL to their rival promotion AAA with Shocker and various other CMLL talents. While at AAA, both he and Konnan held booking positions. During that time, he stated that he had no plans to return to TNA or work for WWE. He stated in interviews with the UK's \"Power Slam Magazine\" that he had no objection to joining TNA - although he suspected it would not happen due to the presence of Sting on their roster. On April 3, 2005, Vampiro returned to the AAA ring in a six-man tag match. Vampiro would team up with Shocker to help him deal with Abismo Negro and Cibern\u00e9tico after Cibern\u00e9tico attacked Shocker's father. In his two years with AAA, Vampiro would mainly appear on TV show tapings and rarely competed at house shows.", "This set up the Human Torch match, in which Vampiro won by setting Sting on fire. Vampiro then focused on The Demon due to his defection from the ICP formed stable, \"The Dark Carnival.\" He kidnapped his fianc\u00e9e, Asya, in a skit resembling the 1988 film \"Spoorloos\". Afterward, he challenged him to a Graveyard Match, which sparked the return of Sting. Vampiro entered the vacant WCW United States Title tournament, with his first-round opponent being The Great Muta, who Vampiro lost to. Vampiro later joined up with Muta to attack Ernest 'The Cat' Miller. Vampiro won his first and only title in WCW with The Great Muta, by defeating KroniK in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on August 13, 2000. This reign was very short lived, however, as they lost the Tag Team Championship the very next night to Rey Mysterio Jr. and Juventud Guerrera in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. Vampiro later turned his back on Muta, setting up a 3 Way match at Fall Brawl with himself, Sting and Muta, which was won by Sting. Vampiro then took time away from the sport as his wife had a baby. He returned a month later, where he defeated Crowbar in a Hardcore Match. Vampiro then challenged Mike Awesome at Halloween Havoc, losing via pinfall after a top rope Awesome Bomb. He was put out with an injury and did not recover before WCW was purchased by the World Wrestling Federation. Thus, his final WCW appearance was on the November 1, 2000, episode of \"WCW Thunder\" when he teamed up with Jeff Jarrett to take on Sting and Mike Awesome, which led to a loss for Jarrett and Vampiro after Awesome performed a running powerbomb on Vampiro and pinned him.", "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's newly formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac. At their inaugural tapings on February 9, 6-Pac had a ten-man hardcore battle royal ladder match, which both he and Vampiro won by climbing the ladder to retrieve WSX contracts. 6-Pac lost a WSX Championship title match to Vampiro the following week. He challenged Vampiro in episode four, as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas, who attacked Vampiro from behind. He later defeated Human Tornado and Scorpio Sky in singles matches, and teased an affair with Lizzy Valentine (the valet and girlfriend of Matt Sydal), though WSX folded before the angle could go on any further. Waltman, under his real name, defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship in El Paso, Texas on April 21, 2007. He defended it against El Sicodelico, Jr. on April 27, and lost it to Pearce two days later. On July 8, 2007, Waltman teamed with Billy Kidman in a three-way tag match in McAllen, Texas for the NWA World Tag Team Championship, which had been vacated by Team 3D after the NWA stopped working with TNA. They lost the match to Karl Anderson and Joey Ryan. On the May 14, 2008, episode of NWA Wrestling Showcase, Waltman challenged Pearce for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. The match ended prematurely after Waltman legitimately injured his knee five minutes in. He was attacked by The Real American Heroes and Pearce, so won by disqualification. As wrestling titles can generally only change hands by pinfall or submission, Pearce retained the belt."], "answer": {"text": "as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas,", "answer_start": 389}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do there?", "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he contreversial?", "answer": {"text": "He challenged Vampiro in episode four,", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#4", "question": "What did he do next?", "rewrite": "What did Sean Waltman do next after MTV's?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["PPV event held on July 24, No Surrender was rated higher, as Bob Kapur gave The Great American Bash a 5 out of 10. Clevett felt that No Surrender proved that \"when everything clicks they [TNA] can put on a fantastic show that gives fans their money's worth.\" A.J. Styles versus Sean Waltman, Samoa Joe versus Chris Sabin, and the X Division Championship match were signaled out by Clevett as three \"fantastic matches on a solid undercard.\" Clevett gave his highest match rating of 9 out of 10 in his review to the Joe versus Sabin bout. He gave his lowest rating of 3 out of 10 to the Tag Team Street Fight. The main event, Styles versus Waltman, and the X Division Championship matches were all given an 8 out of 10 by Clevett. Regarding the Dog Collar match, Clevett thought it was a \"bloody and violent encounter, as one would expect with those two in the ring.\" When commenting on the Styles versus Waltman encounter, Clevett thought it \"was undoubtable Waltman's best match in years\". Wade Keller of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\" rated the main event, Styles versus Waltman, and Joe versus Sabin all 3 and a half stars out of 5. However, the X Division Championship match received a 3 and a three-fourths stars out of 5, his highest rating of the review. He gave the lowest ranking to the Tag Team Street Fight, at a half of a star. Keller commented on the main event as being \"what you'd expect, and that's not a bad thing\". Keller thought the Styles versus Waltman bout was a \"very good match, the best from Waltman in years\". James Caldwell, also of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\", published a review of the show.", "He won the TNA X Division Championship twice, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice (once with A.J. Styles, once with Amazing Red). He feuded with A.J. Styles and Don Callis, and was an X Division mainstay. In the late spring of 2003, he joined the newly formed All World Wrestling League/Big Time Wrestling. However, in February 2004 he suffered a severe shoulder injury, tearing the tendon from the bone in his rotator cuff, when Juventud Guerrera botched a Juvi Driver. Lynn became a TNA road agent, planning matches and coaching younger talent. Lynn made his return to the ring on June 10, 2005 when he faced Justin Credible at Hardcore Homecoming, an ECW reunion show organized by ECW alumnus Shane Douglas. On July 17 at No Surrender, Lynn refereed a match between Sean Waltman and A.J. Styles, refusing to allow Waltman to cheat in the course of the match. This led to a match between Lynn and Waltman at Sacrifice on August 14, which Lynn won. After the match, Waltman initially celebrated with Lynn before attacking his former partner. The following week on \"Impact! \" , it was announced that Lynn had re-injured his shoulder. (This was believed to be an angle designed to fuel the feud between Lynn and Waltman rather than a legitimate aggravation of the existing injury. The length of his absence would seem to contradict this; however, the angle was likely dropped when Sean Waltman no-showed Unbreakable a month later, as TNA would not work with Waltman on a regular basis again for over four years.) In January 2006, he began making on-screen appearances once more as a road agent. He came out at Final Resolution to watch a match which was Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Matt Bentley", "TNA held the 2005 TNA Super X Cup Tournament in the weeks following No Surrender leading up to Sacrifice. It was a single-elimination tournament which involved eight men, A.J. Styles, Alex Shelley, Chris Sabin, Michael Shane, Petey Williams, Samoa Joe, Shocker, and Sonjay Dutt. The winner of the tournament would become number one contender to the TNA X Division Championship held by Christopher Daniels. Daniels provided commentary to each of the encounters on the July 22, July 29, August 5, and August 10 episodes of \"Impact!\", as well as the Finals at Sacrifice. Daniels unofficially named the tournament the Christopher Daniels Invitational. The tournament came down to Joe and Styles in the Finals at Sacrifice, which Joe won after interference from Daniels. Sean Waltman and Jerry Lynn sparked a rivalry after No Surrender due to Lynn's interference in Waltman's bout against Styles, with the two facing at Sacrifice. The storyline revolving around this match began on the July 22 episode of Impact!, where Waltman accused Lynn of trying to steal his spotlight in a backstage segment, while Lynn took credit for Waltman's success in the industry for helping Waltman get his start. Lynn defeated Waltman at the event. The 3Live Kru (Konnan and Ron Killings) and the team of Monty Brown and The Outlaw fought at Sacrifice, this time with B.G. James as Special Guest Referee. Due to The Outlaw attacking several referees during the Street Fight at No Surrender, TNA officials refused to referee a rematch between the two teams at Sacrifice. As such, this forced Zbyszko to name B.G. as the Special Guest Referee on the July 29 episode of \"Impact!\". The 3Live Kru were the victors at Sacrifice.", "The Kliq The Kliq was a backstage group in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) during the mid-1990s, composed of Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Shawn Michaels, Paul Levesque, Sean Waltman. Several of the men, most notably Michaels, Nash, and Hall, wielded an immense amount of power within the company at the time, which they used to positively influence one another's careers. In May 1996, The Kliq broke character at a live event at Madison Square Garden in an unscripted incident referred to as the \"Curtain Call\", which had far-reaching ramifications for the WWE specifically and the wrestling world as a whole. At a time when professional wrestling organizations worked to maintain the illusion of storylines and characters, the Curtain Call marked the first time that such high-profile performers had so publicly broken character, forcing the WWE and other wrestling organizations to begin acknowledging the scripted elements of their programming. The Kliq was also the primary catalyst for two of the most well known stables in wrestling history: the New World Order (nWo) in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the WWF/E, and D-Generation X (DX) in the WWF/E. Of the Kliq, Michaels and Waltman would serve in both groups; Triple H was a member of DX while Nash and Hall performed with the nWo. The Kliq was formed in 1994 by real-life best friends Scott Hall (then known as Razor Ramon), Kevin Nash (Diesel), Michael Hickenbottom (Shawn Michaels) and Sean Waltman (1-2-3 Kid). In January 1995, Paul Levesque left WCW and arrived in the WWF as Hunter Hearst Helmsley (Triple H) and became the next member of The Kliq.", "The Outlaw requested to be called by a new name before the contest, Kip James. The Outlaw was busted open during the bout. Multiple referees had to be replaced for the match, due to reoccurring attacks on them by The Outlaw. Brown won the encounter after performing his signature Pounce maneuver on Killings, knocking him across the ring onto the mat, at 5 minutes and 20 seconds. After the contest, B.G. James entered the ring where The Outlaw offered James a chair to hit Konnan with, which James declined. Jerry Lynn was Special Guest Referee for the next encounter between A.J. Styles and Sean Waltman. Styles bleed from the nose during the match. Styles gained a near-fall on Waltman after performing his signature Styles Clash maneuver and slamming Waltman face-first into the mat. Waltman also gained a near-fall following his signature X-Factor maneuver and forcing Styles face-first into the mat. Later, Styles jumped from the ring apron over the top rope and Waltman in a sunset flip. Waltman held onto the ropes, trying to prevent a pin attempt, until Lynn kicked his hands off the top rope. Styles then rolled through and lifted Waltman up to perform the Styles Clash at 14 minutes and 37 seconds to win the competition. The TNA X Division Championship was defended by Christopher Daniels against Petey Williams, who was accompanied by A-1. The duration was 16 minutes and 24 seconds. During the match, Williams put Daniels in his Sharpshooter submission hold, which Williams was forced to released when Daniels grabbed the bottom rope. A-1 tossed Williams a chain to bash Daniels with. However, Daniels had his own chain which he used to punch Williams with and followed by performing his signature Best Moonsault Ever maneuver, splashing onto Williams, to retain the championship."], "answer": {"text": "Waltman, under his real name, defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship", "answer_start": 674}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do there?", "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he contreversial?", "answer": {"text": "He challenged Vampiro in episode four,", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the response to the challenge?", "answer": {"text": "as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas,", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#5", "question": "Who did he wrestle after that win?", "rewrite": "Who did Sean Waltman wrestle after defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["On August 23, 2008 in San Bernardino, California, Taylor defeated Vizzion in the main event at \"Flirting With Disaster\" for the EWF American Championship and new female wrestler Aiden Riley joined the KOS. The KOS then feuded with TJ Perkins and Liger Rivera until the end of the year in a very intense feud that not only won the Feud of the Year 2008 Award but Taylor would win the Match of the Year 2008 Award for the Belt on a Pole match against Perkins in which Taylor would win the NWA Heritage Championship from Perkins and Taylor won the EWF Wrestler of the Year 2008. Taylor also wrestled the main event of the first ever So-cal supershow featuring the combined companies of EWF and AWS against TJ Perkins and Scott Lost in a triple threat match for the AWS Heavyweight and Light Heavyweight Championships and Taylor's NWA Heritage Championship, in which Taylor retained his title. Taylor held and defended both the EWF American Championship and the NWA Heritage Championship in the early parts of 2009 until losing the Heritage title to Oliver John in a Fatal 4-way match at the main event of the Cauliflower Ally Club Show after pinning Chris Hero and he lost the American title to Liger Rivera at the EWF's 14th Anniversary Show. On October 30, 2009, after returning from Japan, Taylor defeated Brandon Gatson to win the EWF Heavyweight Championship. Taylor began to feud with his former stable the KOS in late 2009 and the early parts of 2010, ultimately ending with a Street Fight between Taylor and Mondo Vega. Taylor would win the EWF Wrestler of the Year for a second time in 2010. Taylor holds the record for the longest title reign in EWF history at 567 as EWF Heavyweight Champion. On May 20, 2011 Taylor lost the EWF Heavyweight Championship to Johnny Starr.", "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's newly formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac. At their inaugural tapings on February 9, 6-Pac had a ten-man hardcore battle royal ladder match, which both he and Vampiro won by climbing the ladder to retrieve WSX contracts. 6-Pac lost a WSX Championship title match to Vampiro the following week. He challenged Vampiro in episode four, as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas, who attacked Vampiro from behind. He later defeated Human Tornado and Scorpio Sky in singles matches, and teased an affair with Lizzy Valentine (the valet and girlfriend of Matt Sydal), though WSX folded before the angle could go on any further. Waltman, under his real name, defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship in El Paso, Texas on April 21, 2007. He defended it against El Sicodelico, Jr. on April 27, and lost it to Pearce two days later. On July 8, 2007, Waltman teamed with Billy Kidman in a three-way tag match in McAllen, Texas for the NWA World Tag Team Championship, which had been vacated by Team 3D after the NWA stopped working with TNA. They lost the match to Karl Anderson and Joey Ryan. On the May 14, 2008, episode of NWA Wrestling Showcase, Waltman challenged Pearce for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. The match ended prematurely after Waltman legitimately injured his knee five minutes in. He was attacked by The Real American Heroes and Pearce, so won by disqualification. As wrestling titles can generally only change hands by pinfall or submission, Pearce retained the belt.", "Vander Pyle also became one of very few modern managers to work both coasts as he worked the inaugural Liberty States Wrestling (later called NWA New Jersey and NWA On Fire) events in Lodi, New Jersey and Lowell, Massachusetts. At AWS, Vander Pyle was involved in the long-standing feud between Adam Pearce and Aaron Aguilera and their allies. The highlight of the feud included: a 4-on-4 War Games match where Team El Jefe(Aguilera, Human Tornado, Babi Slymm and Sexy Chino) defeated Team Vander Pyle(Pearce, Al Katrazz, Crayz and Plague); a manager/wrestler mixed tag team match of Pearce and Vander Pyle against Aguilera and El Jefe in which Jefe pinned Vander Pyle; and a Strap Match where Aguilera vanquished Pearce once and for all leading to another break-up between Pearce and Vander Pyle. In February, Vander Pyle and Pearce reunited at NWA Pro's \"Fiesta Lucha\" at the Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, NV. Vander Pyle helped Pearce keep the NWA Heritage Championship in a match against Canada's Nelson Creed. Later in the evening Pearce and Vander Pyle interfered on behalf of Joey Ryan and Karl Anderson's Real American Heroes in their Flag Match against Mexico's Los Luchas (Phoenix Star and Zokre). Vander Pyle distracted referee Scotty DeMarco while Pearce broke a flag pole over Zokre's back allowing Ryan to get the pinfall. A YouTube upload of this match has been viewed over 300,000 times. With three main wrestlers in stable, Vander Pyle stayed very busy at NWA Pro arena shows across the country and particularly in Texas.", "In typical Guapos fashion, a miscommunication between Aguilera and Munoz led to them losing their match. \u201cScrap Iron\u201d Adam Pearce defended his NWA Heritage Championship against Nelson Creed. During the opening portion of the match, Pearce's former manager C. Edward Vander Pyle joined Pearce at ringside and made it very clear via his interjections that he and Pearce were back together. Pearce won the match by disqualification when referee Joe Furrer found Creed holding a foreign object that Pearce had actually used. In a rematch from the Copa de Lucha finals, \"Los Luchas\" \u2013 Phoenix Star and Zokre took on the \"Real American Heroes\" \u2013 Joey Ryan and Karl Anderson in a U.S.A. vs. Mexico Flag Match. Before the event began, Ryan and Anderson had enraged the crowd by making fun of Los Luchas\u2019 Mexican heritage. The match itself topped their Copa de Lucha match in terms of intensity both from the wrestlers and from the crowd. The finish to the match saw C. Edward Vander Pyle leave the broadcast booth to distract referee Scott DeMarco as Phoenix Star had grabbed the Mexican flag, which should have ended the match. Adam Pearce ran in behind the referee's back, threw Phoenix Star from the ring and then broke the wooden flagpole across Zokre's back allowing Ryan to get the pinfall. Nelson Creed came in to run off the Americans. A YouTube upload of this match has been viewed over 300,000 times. \u201cThe Brazilian Beast\u201d Kafu defeated Peter Goodman in singles action. \u201cClassic\u201d Colt Cabana and Sonny Samson defeated Ricky Reyes and Bobby Marshall. Among the highlights of the evening was the 25-Man, over the top rope, King of the Summit timed entry battle royal. Wrestlers drew numbers before the show and entered every 45 seconds based on the number they drew. Order of entry:", "On October 26, 2008, Ring of Honor announced that Adam Pearce would become the new Head Booker of the company, replacing Gabe Sapolsky. Despite his backstage role, Pearce made occasional wrestling appearances in ROH, notably during Caged Collision pay-per-view in Chicago on January 31, 2009, taking the pin in the Steel Cage main event. He also appeared at the \"7th Anniversary Show\" in New York, NY on March 21, 2009, losing to Bobby Dempsey in 30 seconds, and at \"Eye of the Storm 2\" on December 18, 2009 in Manassas, VA, where he teamed with Matt Classic in a loss to The Set. On August 15, 2010, Pearce was replaced as the head booker of Ring of Honor due to what he described as \"a difference of ideology\". Outside of ROH, Pearce has also been feuding with Sean Waltman over the NWA Heritage Championship on NWA Pro events throughout the US on their \"Wrestling Summit\" arena events, notably at the Orleans Arena in Las Vegas, among other arena venues. Pearce first won the title on October 21, 2006. Waltman took the title in El Paso, Texas on April 21, 2007, only to lose it back to Pearce in Laredo, Texas on April 29. Pearce faced Brent Albright in the finals of the Reclaiming the Glory tournament to crown a new NWA World Heavyweight Champion. He had lost in the semi-finals to Bryan Danielson, but Danielson pulled out due to injury and Pearce replaced him. Pearce defeated Albright in Puerto Rico at an International Wrestling Association event to become the new NWA World Heavyweight Champion, the first champion since the belt was stripped from TNA. On October 13, 2007, he defended the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in Irving, Texas against Sicodelico, Jr.. The match ended in a 30-minute draw with Pearce retaining the belt."], "answer": {"text": "Waltman teamed with Billy Kidman in a three-way tag match in McAllen, Texas for the NWA World Tag Team Championship,", "answer_start": 906}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do there?", "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he contreversial?", "answer": {"text": "He challenged Vampiro in episode four,", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the response to the challenge?", "answer": {"text": "as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas,", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do next?", "answer": {"text": "Waltman, under his real name, defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship", "answer_start": 674, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#6", "question": "What other matches during this time frame?", "rewrite": "What other matches during 2006-2008 besidesmatch in McAllen, Texas for the NWA World Tag Team Championship, ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["NWA World Tag Team Championship (Florida version) The Florida version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship was the primary professional wrestling championship for tag teams in Championship Wrestling from Florida (CWF) that was used between 1961 and 1969. When the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) was created in 1948, the Board of Directors decided to allow each NWA member to create its own local version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship. As it is a professional wrestling championship, it is not won or lost competitively, but instead determined by the decision of the bookers of a wrestling promotion. The title is awarded after the chosen team \"wins\" a match to maintain the illusion that professional wrestling is a competitive sport. CWF, the NWA's Florida territory, introduced their version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship in January 1961 when they introduced the Von Brauners (Kurt and Karl Von Brauner) as the NWA World Tag Team Champions. Records are unclear on how the Von Brauners became champions; it is possible that they were simply billed as champions upon arrival. In 1969 CWF abandoned the NWA World Tag Team Championship, with the Masked Infernos as the last champions. CWF later used the NWA North American Tag Team Championship, NWA Southern Tag Team Championship, NWA United States Tag Team Championship, and NWA Florida Global Tag Team Championship. The Von Brauners hold the record for most championship reigns, six in total, as well as the longest combined reigns, with at least 540 days. The Von Brauners' first reign, and the first reign of the championship, lasted at least 196 days, the longest individual reign. Eddie Graham held the championship on seven occasions with various partners. The shortest individual reign lasted nine days as Eddie Graham and Jose Lothario held it from October 25 to November 3, 1966. ! data-sort-type=\"number\" scope=\"col \" |Rank !", "NWA World Tag Team Championship (Amarillo version) The Amarillo version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship was the main tag team professional wrestling championship for the Amarillo, Texas-based Western States Sports, a member of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). Promoters Doc Sarpolis and Dory Funk introduced the championship in 1955 and continued to use it as their main tag team championship until 1969. The NWA Board of Directors dictated that there would be only one NWA World Heavyweight Champion but allowed any NWA member, also known as a NWA territory, to create its own local version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship. In 1957 no less than 13 different versions of the NWA World Tag Team Championship were promoted across the United States. This even included another version in East Texas, which was used mainly in Houston and Fort Worth at the time. To start the Amarillo lineage of the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Sarpolis and Funk invited Reggie Lisowski and Art Nelson, the holders of the Chicago version of the championship, to come to Amarillo and defend the championship. By November 1955 Lisowski stopped travelling to Amarillo so Nelson was given Rip Rogers as a partner, creating a separate lineage from the Chicago version as they continued to recognize Lisowski and Nelson as champions. The world tag team championship was actively promoted in and around Amarillo and Lubbock, Texas, from 1955 until March 1969. At that point the promotion abandoned the championship, opting to create the NWA Western States Tag Team Championship as the main tag team championship of the territory. Since the Amarillo version, like all other NWA World Tag Team Championships, were professional wrestling championships, it meant that the championship was not determined by competitive combat, but instead based on a predetermined match result.", "NWA World Tag Team Championship (Los Angeles version) The Los Angeles version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship was the main tag team professional wrestling championship of the North American Wrestling Alliance, a member of the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), which promoted shows in and around Los Angeles. The championship was the first of at least 17 championships to use that name between 1949 and 1992, as the NWA Board of Directors allowed each territory to create its own version of the NWA World Tag Team Championship if it so desired. In 1957 there were at least 13 different versions of the NWA World Tag Team Championship recognized in the United States. Since it was a professional wrestling championship, it was not won through legitimate competitive matches, but instead determined by the decisions of the booker(s) of a wrestling promotion. The first version of the Los Angeles NWA World Tag Team Championship was created in 1949, less than a year after the NWA itself was founded. At the time, tag team wrestling was popular on the West Coast, leading to the local NWA promoters Hugh Nichols and Johnny Doyle creating the first-ever NWA World Tag Team Championship when they announced The Dusek Family (Ernie and Emil Dusek) as the first champions on July 14, 1949. The NWA Board of Directors dictated that all NWA territories recognize only one NWA World Heavyweight Champion, but allowed each territory to crown its own world tag team champion, making each championship a regional championship despite the name. The Los Angeles territory promoted its NWA World Tag Team Championship for eleven years, with Ben and Mike Sharpe being the last champions of the era. The Duseks were the only team to hold the championship twice in that period of time. The longest reign of the first era belonged to Guy Brunetti and Joe Tangero, who held the championship for at least 277 days. After the Los Angeles version was abandoned, the local promoters recognized the San Francisco version in subsequent years.", "WCW World Tag Team Championship The WCW World Tag Team Championship (previously NWA World Tag Team Championship) was a professional wrestling world tag team championship in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and later the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE). It was the original world tag team title of WCW and remained active until it was unified with the WWF Tag Team Championship. The WCW Tag Team Championship was originally known as the NWA World Tag Team Championship of Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling (MACW) run by Jim Crockett Promotions (JCP). Following the title's introduction in 1975, the Minnesota Wrecking Crew became the inaugural champions on January 29. The title was renamed the WCW World Tag Team Championship in 1991 when Ted Turner bought JCP and it became World Championship Wrestling. Despite the title's name in MMACW, the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) did not recognize its own NWA World Tag Team Championship until 1992, when the NWA held a tournament to crown the first tag team recognized by all of the NWA territories. Terry Gordy and Steve Williams won the tournament. As a result of Gordy and Williams being the WCW World Tag Team Champions when they became NWA World Tag Team Champions, both titles were defended together until WCW left the NWA in September 1993. On January 17, 2008, the NWA withdrew its recognition of every WCW World Tag Team Champion linked to the NWA World Tag Team Championship, officially stating that their titles were formed in 1995. In March 2001, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) purchased WCW. Soon after, \"The Invasion\" took place in which the WCW/ECW Alliance was ultimately dismantled. During this time, the title was referred to as the WCW Tag Team Championship, with WWF wrestlers winning WCW titles, and WCW wrestlers winning WWF titles.", "NWA World Tag Team Championship The NWA World Tag Team Championship is a professional wrestling world tag team championship created by the National Wrestling Alliance. From 1948 to 1982, the NWA allowed member promotions to create their own territorial version of the \"NWA World Tag Team Championship\" without oversight from the board of directors. The first of these NWA World Tag Team Championships was created in 1950 in the San Francisco territory, which while billed as a \"World\" title was essentially restricted to the specific NWA territory. In 1957 as many as 13 versions of the NWA World Tag Team Championship were confirmed to be in existence. In 1982 Big Time Wrestling, based in Los Angeles, closed and abandoned their version of the championship. This meant that only the Jim Crockett Promotions' NWA World Tag Team Championship was active, but still being controlled by JCP, not the NWA board of directors. In 1991 that championship was renamed the WCW World Tag Team Championship. In 1992 the NWA board of directors decided to sanction one world-level NWA World Tag Team Championship, working with WCW to hold a tournament to determine the inaugural officially recognized, NWA World Tag Team Championship. In 1993, the NWA and WCW severed their relationship and the NWA took with it the tag team championship. The NWA would briefly allow the World Wrestling Federation to control the championship in 1998 but by 1999 that collaboration ended. In 2002 the NWA gave control of the NWA World Tag Team Championship to the newly formed NWA Total Nonstop Action (NWA-TNA) promotion. TNA's control of the championship ended in 2007, with TNA creating the TNA World Tag Team Championship as a result. In subsequent years the championship has been defended on various continents including a period of time where it was held by several teams working for New Japan Pro-Wrestling."], "answer": {"text": "On the May 14, 2008, episode of NWA Wrestling Showcase, Waltman challenged Pearce for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "answer_start": 1149}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do there?", "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he contreversial?", "answer": {"text": "He challenged Vampiro in episode four,", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the response to the challenge?", "answer": {"text": "as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas,", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do next?", "answer": {"text": "Waltman, under his real name, defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship", "answer_start": 674, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he wrestle after that win?", "answer": {"text": "Waltman teamed with Billy Kidman in a three-way tag match in McAllen, Texas for the NWA World Tag Team Championship,", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#7", "question": "Did he win any more championships?", "rewrite": "Did  Sean Waltman win any more championships?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During this time, Daniels announced he had defeated the best Mexican Luchador in Shocker and the best American wrestlers in Chris Sabin and Michael Shane to retain the X Division Championship. At this time, Canadian wrestler Petey Williams entered and challenged Daniels to a title defense at No Surrender, which Daniels accepted. A.J. Styles challenged Sean Waltman with Jerry Lynn as the Special Guest Referee in another encounter promoted for No Surrender. At TNA's previous PPV event Slammiversary on June 19, then-champion Styles defended the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in a King of the Mountain match against Abyss, Monty Brown, Raven, and Waltman. Waltman and Styles created an alliance during the match, which ended when Waltman turned on Styles, costing him the championship as Raven went on to win the match. Styles and Waltman had a confrontation on the July 1 episode of \"Impact!\", which was stopped by Lynn. Styles asked for a match against Waltman from NWA Championship Committee member Larry Zbyszko on the July 8 episode of \"Impact!\". Zbyszko granted Styles his request only after making Lynn the Special Guest Referee. A Tag Team Street Fight pitting the 3Live Kru (Konnan and Ron Killings) against the team of Monty Brown and The Outlaw was promoted for the undercard. On the June 24 episode of \"Impact!\", Brown and The Outlaw attacked Konnan and Killings during an interview with TNA commentator Mike Tenay. Brown and The Outlaw proceeded to parody Konnan, Killings, and 3Live Kru member B.G. James leading up to No Surrender. Following a fight between Konnan, Killings, Brown, and The Outlaw on the July 15 episode of \"Impact!\", Tenay announced the two teams were scheduled for a Street Fight at No Surrender.", "PPV event held on July 24, No Surrender was rated higher, as Bob Kapur gave The Great American Bash a 5 out of 10. Clevett felt that No Surrender proved that \"when everything clicks they [TNA] can put on a fantastic show that gives fans their money's worth.\" A.J. Styles versus Sean Waltman, Samoa Joe versus Chris Sabin, and the X Division Championship match were signaled out by Clevett as three \"fantastic matches on a solid undercard.\" Clevett gave his highest match rating of 9 out of 10 in his review to the Joe versus Sabin bout. He gave his lowest rating of 3 out of 10 to the Tag Team Street Fight. The main event, Styles versus Waltman, and the X Division Championship matches were all given an 8 out of 10 by Clevett. Regarding the Dog Collar match, Clevett thought it was a \"bloody and violent encounter, as one would expect with those two in the ring.\" When commenting on the Styles versus Waltman encounter, Clevett thought it \"was undoubtable Waltman's best match in years\". Wade Keller of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\" rated the main event, Styles versus Waltman, and Joe versus Sabin all 3 and a half stars out of 5. However, the X Division Championship match received a 3 and a three-fourths stars out of 5, his highest rating of the review. He gave the lowest ranking to the Tag Team Street Fight, at a half of a star. Keller commented on the main event as being \"what you'd expect, and that's not a bad thing\". Keller thought the Styles versus Waltman bout was a \"very good match, the best from Waltman in years\". James Caldwell, also of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\", published a review of the show.", "The Kliq The Kliq was a backstage group in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) during the mid-1990s, composed of Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Shawn Michaels, Paul Levesque, Sean Waltman. Several of the men, most notably Michaels, Nash, and Hall, wielded an immense amount of power within the company at the time, which they used to positively influence one another's careers. In May 1996, The Kliq broke character at a live event at Madison Square Garden in an unscripted incident referred to as the \"Curtain Call\", which had far-reaching ramifications for the WWE specifically and the wrestling world as a whole. At a time when professional wrestling organizations worked to maintain the illusion of storylines and characters, the Curtain Call marked the first time that such high-profile performers had so publicly broken character, forcing the WWE and other wrestling organizations to begin acknowledging the scripted elements of their programming. The Kliq was also the primary catalyst for two of the most well known stables in wrestling history: the New World Order (nWo) in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the WWF/E, and D-Generation X (DX) in the WWF/E. Of the Kliq, Michaels and Waltman would serve in both groups; Triple H was a member of DX while Nash and Hall performed with the nWo. The Kliq was formed in 1994 by real-life best friends Scott Hall (then known as Razor Ramon), Kevin Nash (Diesel), Michael Hickenbottom (Shawn Michaels) and Sean Waltman (1-2-3 Kid). In January 1995, Paul Levesque left WCW and arrived in the WWF as Hunter Hearst Helmsley (Triple H) and became the next member of The Kliq.", "The Outlaw requested to be called by a new name before the contest, Kip James. The Outlaw was busted open during the bout. Multiple referees had to be replaced for the match, due to reoccurring attacks on them by The Outlaw. Brown won the encounter after performing his signature Pounce maneuver on Killings, knocking him across the ring onto the mat, at 5 minutes and 20 seconds. After the contest, B.G. James entered the ring where The Outlaw offered James a chair to hit Konnan with, which James declined. Jerry Lynn was Special Guest Referee for the next encounter between A.J. Styles and Sean Waltman. Styles bleed from the nose during the match. Styles gained a near-fall on Waltman after performing his signature Styles Clash maneuver and slamming Waltman face-first into the mat. Waltman also gained a near-fall following his signature X-Factor maneuver and forcing Styles face-first into the mat. Later, Styles jumped from the ring apron over the top rope and Waltman in a sunset flip. Waltman held onto the ropes, trying to prevent a pin attempt, until Lynn kicked his hands off the top rope. Styles then rolled through and lifted Waltman up to perform the Styles Clash at 14 minutes and 37 seconds to win the competition. The TNA X Division Championship was defended by Christopher Daniels against Petey Williams, who was accompanied by A-1. The duration was 16 minutes and 24 seconds. During the match, Williams put Daniels in his Sharpshooter submission hold, which Williams was forced to released when Daniels grabbed the bottom rope. A-1 tossed Williams a chain to bash Daniels with. However, Daniels had his own chain which he used to punch Williams with and followed by performing his signature Best Moonsault Ever maneuver, splashing onto Williams, to retain the championship.", "He won the TNA X Division Championship twice, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice (once with A.J. Styles, once with Amazing Red). He feuded with A.J. Styles and Don Callis, and was an X Division mainstay. In the late spring of 2003, he joined the newly formed All World Wrestling League/Big Time Wrestling. However, in February 2004 he suffered a severe shoulder injury, tearing the tendon from the bone in his rotator cuff, when Juventud Guerrera botched a Juvi Driver. Lynn became a TNA road agent, planning matches and coaching younger talent. Lynn made his return to the ring on June 10, 2005 when he faced Justin Credible at Hardcore Homecoming, an ECW reunion show organized by ECW alumnus Shane Douglas. On July 17 at No Surrender, Lynn refereed a match between Sean Waltman and A.J. Styles, refusing to allow Waltman to cheat in the course of the match. This led to a match between Lynn and Waltman at Sacrifice on August 14, which Lynn won. After the match, Waltman initially celebrated with Lynn before attacking his former partner. The following week on \"Impact! \" , it was announced that Lynn had re-injured his shoulder. (This was believed to be an angle designed to fuel the feud between Lynn and Waltman rather than a legitimate aggravation of the existing injury. The length of his absence would seem to contradict this; however, the angle was likely dropped when Sean Waltman no-showed Unbreakable a month later, as TNA would not work with Waltman on a regular basis again for over four years.) In January 2006, he began making on-screen appearances once more as a road agent. He came out at Final Resolution to watch a match which was Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Matt Bentley"], "answer": {"text": "He was attacked by The Real American Heroes and Pearce, so won by disqualification.", "answer_start": 1364}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do there?", "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he contreversial?", "answer": {"text": "He challenged Vampiro in episode four,", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the response to the challenge?", "answer": {"text": "as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas,", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do next?", "answer": {"text": "Waltman, under his real name, defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship", "answer_start": 674, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he wrestle after that win?", "answer": {"text": "Waltman teamed with Billy Kidman in a three-way tag match in McAllen, Texas for the NWA World Tag Team Championship,", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other matches during this time frame?", "answer": {"text": "On the May 14, 2008, episode of NWA Wrestling Showcase, Waltman challenged Pearce for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "answer_start": 1149, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_d2fe4bd1d9ee44a89fbd5aec6a9e65f9_0_q#8", "question": "What did he do next?", "rewrite": "What did  Sean Waltman do next", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["During this time, Daniels announced he had defeated the best Mexican Luchador in Shocker and the best American wrestlers in Chris Sabin and Michael Shane to retain the X Division Championship. At this time, Canadian wrestler Petey Williams entered and challenged Daniels to a title defense at No Surrender, which Daniels accepted. A.J. Styles challenged Sean Waltman with Jerry Lynn as the Special Guest Referee in another encounter promoted for No Surrender. At TNA's previous PPV event Slammiversary on June 19, then-champion Styles defended the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in a King of the Mountain match against Abyss, Monty Brown, Raven, and Waltman. Waltman and Styles created an alliance during the match, which ended when Waltman turned on Styles, costing him the championship as Raven went on to win the match. Styles and Waltman had a confrontation on the July 1 episode of \"Impact!\", which was stopped by Lynn. Styles asked for a match against Waltman from NWA Championship Committee member Larry Zbyszko on the July 8 episode of \"Impact!\". Zbyszko granted Styles his request only after making Lynn the Special Guest Referee. A Tag Team Street Fight pitting the 3Live Kru (Konnan and Ron Killings) against the team of Monty Brown and The Outlaw was promoted for the undercard. On the June 24 episode of \"Impact!\", Brown and The Outlaw attacked Konnan and Killings during an interview with TNA commentator Mike Tenay. Brown and The Outlaw proceeded to parody Konnan, Killings, and 3Live Kru member B.G. James leading up to No Surrender. Following a fight between Konnan, Killings, Brown, and The Outlaw on the July 15 episode of \"Impact!\", Tenay announced the two teams were scheduled for a Street Fight at No Surrender.", "PPV event held on July 24, No Surrender was rated higher, as Bob Kapur gave The Great American Bash a 5 out of 10. Clevett felt that No Surrender proved that \"when everything clicks they [TNA] can put on a fantastic show that gives fans their money's worth.\" A.J. Styles versus Sean Waltman, Samoa Joe versus Chris Sabin, and the X Division Championship match were signaled out by Clevett as three \"fantastic matches on a solid undercard.\" Clevett gave his highest match rating of 9 out of 10 in his review to the Joe versus Sabin bout. He gave his lowest rating of 3 out of 10 to the Tag Team Street Fight. The main event, Styles versus Waltman, and the X Division Championship matches were all given an 8 out of 10 by Clevett. Regarding the Dog Collar match, Clevett thought it was a \"bloody and violent encounter, as one would expect with those two in the ring.\" When commenting on the Styles versus Waltman encounter, Clevett thought it \"was undoubtable Waltman's best match in years\". Wade Keller of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\" rated the main event, Styles versus Waltman, and Joe versus Sabin all 3 and a half stars out of 5. However, the X Division Championship match received a 3 and a three-fourths stars out of 5, his highest rating of the review. He gave the lowest ranking to the Tag Team Street Fight, at a half of a star. Keller commented on the main event as being \"what you'd expect, and that's not a bad thing\". Keller thought the Styles versus Waltman bout was a \"very good match, the best from Waltman in years\". James Caldwell, also of the \"Pro Wrestling Torch\", published a review of the show.", "The Outlaw requested to be called by a new name before the contest, Kip James. The Outlaw was busted open during the bout. Multiple referees had to be replaced for the match, due to reoccurring attacks on them by The Outlaw. Brown won the encounter after performing his signature Pounce maneuver on Killings, knocking him across the ring onto the mat, at 5 minutes and 20 seconds. After the contest, B.G. James entered the ring where The Outlaw offered James a chair to hit Konnan with, which James declined. Jerry Lynn was Special Guest Referee for the next encounter between A.J. Styles and Sean Waltman. Styles bleed from the nose during the match. Styles gained a near-fall on Waltman after performing his signature Styles Clash maneuver and slamming Waltman face-first into the mat. Waltman also gained a near-fall following his signature X-Factor maneuver and forcing Styles face-first into the mat. Later, Styles jumped from the ring apron over the top rope and Waltman in a sunset flip. Waltman held onto the ropes, trying to prevent a pin attempt, until Lynn kicked his hands off the top rope. Styles then rolled through and lifted Waltman up to perform the Styles Clash at 14 minutes and 37 seconds to win the competition. The TNA X Division Championship was defended by Christopher Daniels against Petey Williams, who was accompanied by A-1. The duration was 16 minutes and 24 seconds. During the match, Williams put Daniels in his Sharpshooter submission hold, which Williams was forced to released when Daniels grabbed the bottom rope. A-1 tossed Williams a chain to bash Daniels with. However, Daniels had his own chain which he used to punch Williams with and followed by performing his signature Best Moonsault Ever maneuver, splashing onto Williams, to retain the championship.", "The Kliq The Kliq was a backstage group in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) during the mid-1990s, composed of Scott Hall, Kevin Nash, Shawn Michaels, Paul Levesque, Sean Waltman. Several of the men, most notably Michaels, Nash, and Hall, wielded an immense amount of power within the company at the time, which they used to positively influence one another's careers. In May 1996, The Kliq broke character at a live event at Madison Square Garden in an unscripted incident referred to as the \"Curtain Call\", which had far-reaching ramifications for the WWE specifically and the wrestling world as a whole. At a time when professional wrestling organizations worked to maintain the illusion of storylines and characters, the Curtain Call marked the first time that such high-profile performers had so publicly broken character, forcing the WWE and other wrestling organizations to begin acknowledging the scripted elements of their programming. The Kliq was also the primary catalyst for two of the most well known stables in wrestling history: the New World Order (nWo) in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and the WWF/E, and D-Generation X (DX) in the WWF/E. Of the Kliq, Michaels and Waltman would serve in both groups; Triple H was a member of DX while Nash and Hall performed with the nWo. The Kliq was formed in 1994 by real-life best friends Scott Hall (then known as Razor Ramon), Kevin Nash (Diesel), Michael Hickenbottom (Shawn Michaels) and Sean Waltman (1-2-3 Kid). In January 1995, Paul Levesque left WCW and arrived in the WWF as Hunter Hearst Helmsley (Triple H) and became the next member of The Kliq.", "He won the TNA X Division Championship twice, as well as the NWA World Tag Team Championship twice (once with A.J. Styles, once with Amazing Red). He feuded with A.J. Styles and Don Callis, and was an X Division mainstay. In the late spring of 2003, he joined the newly formed All World Wrestling League/Big Time Wrestling. However, in February 2004 he suffered a severe shoulder injury, tearing the tendon from the bone in his rotator cuff, when Juventud Guerrera botched a Juvi Driver. Lynn became a TNA road agent, planning matches and coaching younger talent. Lynn made his return to the ring on June 10, 2005 when he faced Justin Credible at Hardcore Homecoming, an ECW reunion show organized by ECW alumnus Shane Douglas. On July 17 at No Surrender, Lynn refereed a match between Sean Waltman and A.J. Styles, refusing to allow Waltman to cheat in the course of the match. This led to a match between Lynn and Waltman at Sacrifice on August 14, which Lynn won. After the match, Waltman initially celebrated with Lynn before attacking his former partner. The following week on \"Impact! \" , it was announced that Lynn had re-injured his shoulder. (This was believed to be an angle designed to fuel the feud between Lynn and Waltman rather than a legitimate aggravation of the existing injury. The length of his absence would seem to contradict this; however, the angle was likely dropped when Sean Waltman no-showed Unbreakable a month later, as TNA would not work with Waltman on a regular basis again for over four years.) In January 2006, he began making on-screen appearances once more as a road agent. He came out at Final Resolution to watch a match which was Chris Sabin, Sonjay Dutt and Matt Bentley"], "answer": {"text": "He later defeated Human Tornado", "answer_start": 462}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what happened in 2005 to Sean Waltman?", "answer": {"text": "In February 2006, Waltman joined MTV's", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do there?", "answer": {"text": "formed Wrestling Society X (WSX) promotion, as 6-Pac.", "answer_start": 45, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Was he contreversial?", "answer": {"text": "He challenged Vampiro in episode four,", "answer_start": 350, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What was the response to the challenge?", "answer": {"text": "as a ruse to introduce Ricky Banderas,", "answer_start": 389, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What did he do next?", "answer": {"text": "Waltman, under his real name, defeated Adam Pearce for the NWA Heritage Championship", "answer_start": 674, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Who did he wrestle after that win?", "answer": {"text": "Waltman teamed with Billy Kidman in a three-way tag match in McAllen, Texas for the NWA World Tag Team Championship,", "answer_start": 906, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What other matches during this time frame?", "answer": {"text": "On the May 14, 2008, episode of NWA Wrestling Showcase, Waltman challenged Pearce for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship.", "answer_start": 1149, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he win any more championships?", "answer": {"text": "He was attacked by The Real American Heroes and Pearce, so won by disqualification.", "answer_start": 1364, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#0", "question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "rewrite": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Jack Nicklaus wins the PGA Championship - unusually played in February in 1971 - but then surprisingly loses the Masters, beaten in the final round by unheralded playing partner Charles Coody. Nicklaus would then lose a playoff for the U.S. Open to Lee Trevino. The classic golf book \"Golf in the Kingdom\" by Michael Murphy, is published. 1972 Carolyn Cudone wins the U.S. Senior Women's Amateur for a record fifth consecutive time. Dick Kimbrough completes 364 holes in 24 hours at the 6,068 North Platte CC in Nebraska. Tom Doty records 10-under-par in four holes at Brookwood CC, Illinois. His streak includes a double-eagle, two holes-in-one, and an eagle. Spalding introduces the first two-piece ball, the Top-Flite. Jack Nicklaus completes the first two legs of the modern Grand Slam winning the Masters and the U.S. Open (at Pebble Beach), but like Arnold Palmer in 1960, falters in the British Open by finishing second (to Lee Trevino). Nicklaus was also the holder of the 1971 PGA Championship, and so would have become the first golfer to hold all four titles at the same time, although not the first to win four consecutive professional majors. Trevino's one-shot victory at Muirfield comes after he holes seemingly impossible chip shots from off the green at both the 16th and 18th holes in the third round, and then again at the 17th in the final round - snatching the tournament from under the nose of playing partner and home favourite Tony Jacklin, who is so stunned he proceeds to three-putt the 17th from then bogey the last as well, to miss out on even second place. The young Jacklin would never again challenge seriously in a major championship. 1973", "1970 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship The 1970 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship was the seventh World Match Play Championship. It was played from Thursday 8 to Saturday 10 October on the West Course at Wentworth. Eight players competed in a straight knock-out competition, with each match contested over 36 holes. The champion received \u00a35,750 out of a total prize fund of \u00a318,400. In the final, Jack Nicklaus beat Lee Trevino 2 & 1. In the first round, two matches finished at the 36th hole. Tony Jacklin won the last two holes to defeat Gary Player while Lee Trevino beat Billy Casper by holing a 6 foot putt after Casper had missed from 8 feet. Nicklaus was playing in the event for the first time since 1966 when he had a dispute with the referee in the final. After two comfortable wins, he met Lee Trevino in the final. The final was level after 12 holes but Nicklaus won three of the next five holes to go to lunch 3 up. After 27 holes, Nicklaus led by five with both players having birdied the 9th. Trevino then won the 10th, 11th, 13th and 14th to reduce the lead to 1 hole. However Nicklaus eagled the 15th to take a two hole lead again and, although Trevino birdied the 16th, the match ended at the 17th after Trevino had gone out of bounds off the tee. Source: Source: The winner received \u00a35,750 out of a total prize fund of \u00a318,400.", "1968 U.S. Open (golf) The 1968 U.S. Open was the 68th U.S. Open, held June 13\u201316 at the East Course of Oak Hill Country Club in Rochester, New York. Lee Trevino equaled the tournament scoring record and won the first of his six major titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Jack Nicklaus. It was also the first win on the PGA Tour for Trevino, age 28. This was the second of three U.S. Opens at the East Course; Cary Middlecoff won the first in 1956 and Curtis Strange successfully defended in 1989. It also hosted the PGA Championship in 1980, 2003, and 2013, and the Ryder Cup in 1995. Bert Yancey held the 54-hole lead after a tournament record 205 (\u22125) in the first three rounds. Trevino was a stroke behind at 206, after three rounds in the 60s, and made par saves at 5 and 6. After Yancey bogeyed the 5th, Trevino took the lead, then recorded birdies at 11 and 12, while Yancey bogeyed the 11th to fall out of contention. Nicklaus started the round seven strokes back at 212 (+2); he got two quick birdies, but did not record another until the 14th, by which time Trevino already had a commanding lead. Trevino's total of 275 tied the tournament record that Nicklaus established the year before at Baltusrol; his four rounds in the 60s was a tournament first, and did not happen again for a quarter century, until Lee Janzen won at Baltusrol in 1993. It was also the first of Trevino's 29 victories on the PGA Tour. Of Trevino's six major victories, Nicklaus was the runner-up four times.", "Mark Wiebe Hal Sutton Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Olaz\u00e1bal, Masashi Ozaki, Ian Woosnam \"Thursday, April 6, 1989\"  Lee Trevino, vying for an elusive Masters title, shot an opening round 67 to lead Nick Faldo by one shot. Only 10 players broke par on day one, including 1984 champion Ben Crenshaw and 1980 and 1983 champion Seve Ballesteros. Defending champion Sandy Lyle birdied 18 to shoot a disappointing 77. \"Friday, April 7, 1989\"  Lee Trevino and Nick Faldo, who both shot over par on the day, shared the lead after a difficult scoring day. Only four players broke par including Ken Green, who shot 69 and had the round of the day. Seve Ballesteros shot 72 even though he had a 4 putt on the 15th hole. Amateurs: Howe III (+12), Yates (+14), Eger (+18), Meeks (+18), Hardin (+26)  \"Saturday, April 8, 1989\" Saturday was a long day that included a 90 minute delay and eventual suspension of play. Ben Crenshaw stormed to a four-shot lead at the suspension of play. Crenshaw was 3-under on the day through 13. Nick Faldo got off to a slow start with a double bogey on the first hole. On the second hole, he holed an improbable birdie putt, but was 3 over on the day through 12 holes. Out early, clubhouse leader Greg Norman posted a 68 to reach +1 and close within five shots of the lead when play was suspended. Lee Trevino, trying to complete the career Grand Slam, faded out of contention Saturday. \"Sunday, April 9, 1989\"  For the first time since 1984, the third round was completed on Sunday morning.", "1971 U.S. Open (golf) The 1971 U.S. Open was the 71st U.S. Open, held June 17\u201321 at the East Course of Merion Golf Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, a suburb northwest of Philadelphia. Lee Trevino, the 1968 champion, won his second U.S. Open, defeating Jack Nicklaus by three strokes in an 18-hole playoff. It was the second of Trevino's six major titles and the second of four times in which Nicklaus was the runner-up to Trevino in a major; Nicklaus won his third U.S. Open the following year. The U.S. Open was just part of an outstanding year for Trevino in 1971 and following this playoff win, his confidence soared. Two weeks later he won the Canadian Open in a the next week the British Open, and became the first to win those three national opens in the same only Tiger Woods has done it since, in 2000. Trevino won six times on tour in 1971 with two majors and was PGA Player of the Year. He was named athlete of the year by the Associated Press and \"Sporting News\", and was the \"Sports Illustrated\" \"Sportsman of the Year. \" Trevino was the first to win the U.S. and British Opens in the same year in 18 years, last accomplished by Ben Hogan in 1953. The others were Gene Sarazen in 1932 and amateur Bobby Jones in 1926 and 1930, his grand slam year. Subsequent winners of both were Tom Watson in 1982 and Woods in 2000. For Jim Simons, a Pennsylvania native entering his senior year at Wake Forest, his fifth-place finish remains the most recent top ten by an amateur at the U.S. Open."], "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#1", "question": "How did his next time at the masters go", "rewrite": "How did Lee Trevino's next tournament at the masters go?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["In Newsday, Neil Best wrote, \u201cArnie,\u201d a three-part series about guess-who \u2026 is an impressively ambitious undertaking that involved more than 100 interviews and a trove of cool video images.\u201d \"Lee Trevino: An American Champion\" recounts Lee Trevino\u2019s heroic playoff victory in the 1971 U.S. Open over Jack Nicklaus, featuring retrospective interviews with both World Golf Hall of Fame members. The film details the impoverished childhood of Trevino, a Mexican-American eighth grade dropout, and shares how his trademark, homemade swing led him to become one of golf\u2019s most revered shot makers and one of the most beloved personalities (and champions) the game has ever seen. \"Go Annika\" commemorates the historic moment when Annika Sorenstam became the first woman in the modern professional golf era to test her mettle amongst the men in the 2003 PGA Tour event at Colonial Country Club. The film details how and why the World Golf Hall of Fame member and best female golfer of her generation came to play in the tournament, revealing the immense pressure she felt and how it changed her outlook on her life and career forever. Longtime golf writer Ron Sirak summed up Annika\u2019s foray into men\u2019s golf. \u201cShe entered the Bank of America Colonial as a female golfer and left it as a golfer,\u201d Sirak wrote. \u201cShe entered it as a reluctant superstar and left it as a one-word celebrity.\u201d (3) \"Go Annika\" also incorporates Sorenstam\u2019s return visit to Colonial a decade later, where (to her surprise) she is reunited with her playing partners from 2003 \u2013 Aaron Barber and Dean Wilson \u2013 for a casual round of golf to reminisce about their experience together inside the ropes.", "1968 U.S. Open (golf) The 1968 U.S. Open was the 68th U.S. Open, held June 13\u201316 at the East Course of Oak Hill Country Club in Rochester, New York. Lee Trevino equaled the tournament scoring record and won the first of his six major titles, four strokes ahead of runner-up Jack Nicklaus. It was also the first win on the PGA Tour for Trevino, age 28. This was the second of three U.S. Opens at the East Course; Cary Middlecoff won the first in 1956 and Curtis Strange successfully defended in 1989. It also hosted the PGA Championship in 1980, 2003, and 2013, and the Ryder Cup in 1995. Bert Yancey held the 54-hole lead after a tournament record 205 (\u22125) in the first three rounds. Trevino was a stroke behind at 206, after three rounds in the 60s, and made par saves at 5 and 6. After Yancey bogeyed the 5th, Trevino took the lead, then recorded birdies at 11 and 12, while Yancey bogeyed the 11th to fall out of contention. Nicklaus started the round seven strokes back at 212 (+2); he got two quick birdies, but did not record another until the 14th, by which time Trevino already had a commanding lead. Trevino's total of 275 tied the tournament record that Nicklaus established the year before at Baltusrol; his four rounds in the 60s was a tournament first, and did not happen again for a quarter century, until Lee Janzen won at Baltusrol in 1993. It was also the first of Trevino's 29 victories on the PGA Tour. Of Trevino's six major victories, Nicklaus was the runner-up four times.", "1970 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship The 1970 Piccadilly World Match Play Championship was the seventh World Match Play Championship. It was played from Thursday 8 to Saturday 10 October on the West Course at Wentworth. Eight players competed in a straight knock-out competition, with each match contested over 36 holes. The champion received \u00a35,750 out of a total prize fund of \u00a318,400. In the final, Jack Nicklaus beat Lee Trevino 2 & 1. In the first round, two matches finished at the 36th hole. Tony Jacklin won the last two holes to defeat Gary Player while Lee Trevino beat Billy Casper by holing a 6 foot putt after Casper had missed from 8 feet. Nicklaus was playing in the event for the first time since 1966 when he had a dispute with the referee in the final. After two comfortable wins, he met Lee Trevino in the final. The final was level after 12 holes but Nicklaus won three of the next five holes to go to lunch 3 up. After 27 holes, Nicklaus led by five with both players having birdied the 9th. Trevino then won the 10th, 11th, 13th and 14th to reduce the lead to 1 hole. However Nicklaus eagled the 15th to take a two hole lead again and, although Trevino birdied the 16th, the match ended at the 17th after Trevino had gone out of bounds off the tee. Source: Source: The winner received \u00a35,750 out of a total prize fund of \u00a318,400.", "Mark Wiebe Hal Sutton Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Olaz\u00e1bal, Masashi Ozaki, Ian Woosnam \"Thursday, April 6, 1989\"  Lee Trevino, vying for an elusive Masters title, shot an opening round 67 to lead Nick Faldo by one shot. Only 10 players broke par on day one, including 1984 champion Ben Crenshaw and 1980 and 1983 champion Seve Ballesteros. Defending champion Sandy Lyle birdied 18 to shoot a disappointing 77. \"Friday, April 7, 1989\"  Lee Trevino and Nick Faldo, who both shot over par on the day, shared the lead after a difficult scoring day. Only four players broke par including Ken Green, who shot 69 and had the round of the day. Seve Ballesteros shot 72 even though he had a 4 putt on the 15th hole. Amateurs: Howe III (+12), Yates (+14), Eger (+18), Meeks (+18), Hardin (+26)  \"Saturday, April 8, 1989\" Saturday was a long day that included a 90 minute delay and eventual suspension of play. Ben Crenshaw stormed to a four-shot lead at the suspension of play. Crenshaw was 3-under on the day through 13. Nick Faldo got off to a slow start with a double bogey on the first hole. On the second hole, he holed an improbable birdie putt, but was 3 over on the day through 12 holes. Out early, clubhouse leader Greg Norman posted a 68 to reach +1 and close within five shots of the lead when play was suspended. Lee Trevino, trying to complete the career Grand Slam, faded out of contention Saturday. \"Sunday, April 9, 1989\"  For the first time since 1984, the third round was completed on Sunday morning.", "Jack Nicklaus wins the PGA Championship - unusually played in February in 1971 - but then surprisingly loses the Masters, beaten in the final round by unheralded playing partner Charles Coody. Nicklaus would then lose a playoff for the U.S. Open to Lee Trevino. The classic golf book \"Golf in the Kingdom\" by Michael Murphy, is published. 1972 Carolyn Cudone wins the U.S. Senior Women's Amateur for a record fifth consecutive time. Dick Kimbrough completes 364 holes in 24 hours at the 6,068 North Platte CC in Nebraska. Tom Doty records 10-under-par in four holes at Brookwood CC, Illinois. His streak includes a double-eagle, two holes-in-one, and an eagle. Spalding introduces the first two-piece ball, the Top-Flite. Jack Nicklaus completes the first two legs of the modern Grand Slam winning the Masters and the U.S. Open (at Pebble Beach), but like Arnold Palmer in 1960, falters in the British Open by finishing second (to Lee Trevino). Nicklaus was also the holder of the 1971 PGA Championship, and so would have become the first golfer to hold all four titles at the same time, although not the first to win four consecutive professional majors. Trevino's one-shot victory at Muirfield comes after he holes seemingly impossible chip shots from off the green at both the 16th and 18th holes in the third round, and then again at the 17th in the final round - snatching the tournament from under the nose of playing partner and home favourite Tony Jacklin, who is so stunned he proceeds to three-putt the 17th from then bogey the last as well, to miss out on even second place. The young Jacklin would never again challenge seriously in a major championship. 1973"], "answer": {"text": "After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place", "answer_start": 1198}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#2", "question": "did anything interesting happen to him there", "rewrite": "Did anything interesting happen to Trevino the Masters tournament in addition to the 18th and 10th place finishes?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["1981 Masters Tournament The 1981 Masters Tournament was the 45th Masters Tournament, held April 9\u201312 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Tom Watson won his second green jacket and fifth major title by two strokes over Jack Nicklaus and Johnny Miller. Five-time champion Nicklaus shot a bogey-free 65 on Friday and led by four strokes after 36 holes, but a 75 on Saturday put him a stroke behind Watson entering the final round. It was the fourth runner-up finish for Nicklaus at the Masters and the third for Miller. Nicklaus won his sixth Masters five years later in 1986 at age 46. Defending champion Seve Ballesteros shot 154 (+10) and missed the cut by six strokes; he also missed the cut as defending champion in 1984. Lee Trevino, needing a green jacket to complete the career grand slam, also shot 154 with an ailing back. His best finishes at Augusta were tenth place ties in 1975 and 1985. Greg Norman, age 26, appeared in his first Masters and was fourth, the first of his eight top-five finishes at Augusta. He was runner-up three times, in 1986, 1987, and 1996. This was the first Masters with bentgrass greens, which were formerly Bermuda and ryegrass. Tommy Aaron, George Archer, Seve Ballesteros (3,8), Gay Brewer, Billy Casper, Charles Coody, Raymond Floyd (8,11), Doug Ford, Bob Goalby, Jack Nicklaus (2,3,4,9,10), Arnold Palmer (8), Gary Player (8), Sam Snead, Art Wall Jr., Tom Watson (3,8,9,11), Fuzzy Zoeller (8,12)    Hubert Green (8,12), Hale Irwin (9,11,12), Andy North (8,9),", "Rick Trevino Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o Jr. (born May 16, 1971), known professionally as Rick Trevino, is an American country music artist. Signed to Columbia Nashville in 1993, Trevino began his career that year with the release of his debut single \"Just Enough Rope\", the first mainstream country music single to feature separate English and Spanish versions. The song was included on his debut album \"Dos Mundos\"; a self-titled album followed a year later. Trevino has charted a total of fourteen singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and recorded seven studio albums. His highest-charting single, \"Running Out of Reasons to Run\", reached No. 1 on that chart in 1996. Trevino is the son of Ricardo Trevino, Sr., a Tejano musician, and Linda Chavez. His music career began when he started taking piano lessons at the age of five. He plays rhythm guitar as well as keyboards. Trevino graduated from Westwood High School in Austin, Texas. Although he was offered a baseball scholarship to Memphis State University, Trevino chose instead to study music at Texas A&M University. While a student, he played his brand of country music in local clubs. In December 1991, a representative of the Sony label, Paul Jarosik, was stranded in Austin due to flooding conditions and visited a small club where Trevino regularly played. Although Trevino was not performing that evening, the representative saw several articles on the walls which praised Trevino. Employees of the club gave him a tape of Trevino's music, which the label representative then passed onto music producer Steve Buckingham. Buckingham made a special trip to Austin just to hear Trevino perform and signed him to Sony. Trevino left school to pursue his music career. At the insistence of Columbia Nashville, his first album, \"Dos Mundos\", was an almost entirely Spanish country album.", "Robert de Montessus de Ballore Robert Fernand Bernard, Viscount de Montessus de Ballore (20 May 1870, Villeurbanne \u2013 26 January 1937, Arcachon) was a French mathematician, known for his work on continued fractions and Pad\u00e9 approximants. Robert de Montessus was a viscount, born to a noble family originating in the Ancien R\u00e9gime. His father Philippe-Georges de Montessus de Ballore (1825\u20131890) was an officer who was trained at Saint Cyr and then resigned from the army to manage a farm in Charolais. Robert had three brothers: In 1886, Robert obtained his bachelor of science degree. From 1887 to 1889, he attended preparatory classes at l'\u00c9cole des mines de Saint-\u00c9tienne. On 8 May 1905, at the Sorbonne, he successfully defended his thesis on continued fractions, written under the supervision of Paul Appell. On 29 March 1906, he married Suzanne Montaudon (1884\u20131983). Their marriage produced four children: Simone (1907\u2013?), Jacques (1909\u20132003), Andr\u00e9 (1912\u20131978) and Genevi\u00e8ve (deceased at birth in 1916). Robert de Montessus was an editor of the \"Journal de math\u00e9matiques pures et appliqu\u00e9es\" and the author of numerous mathematical publications. He was a member of the \"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 math\u00e9matique de France\" and a member of the \"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des arts, sciences, belles-lettres et d'agriculture de l'Acad\u00e9mie de M\u00e2con\".", "1986 Masters Tournament The 1986 Masters Tournament was the 50th Masters Tournament, held April 10\u201313 at the Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Jack Nicklaus won his record 18th professional major with a historic one-stroke victory. He shot a final round 65 (\u22127), with a back nine of 30 (\u22126), for a total score of 279 (\u22129). At age 46, he became the oldest winner of the Masters and the second-oldest winner of any major championship, behind Julius Boros, who was 48 when he captured the PGA Championship in 1968. The win also gave Nicklaus a record six Masters victories, the first in 1963, less than ten months after his first major win at the 1962 U.S. Open. The 23-year span of Masters victories and 24-year span of major victories are also records. The runners-up were Tom Kite and Greg Norman, whose near-misses at the Masters are also noteworthy. The winner's share was $144,000, more than seven times what Nicklaus earned for his first Augusta win. Tommy Aaron, George Archer, Seve Ballesteros (3,8,9), Gay Brewer, Billy Casper, Charles Coody, Ben Crenshaw, Raymond Floyd (4,8,11,12,13), Doug Ford, Bob Goalby, Bernhard Langer (8,11,12), Jack Nicklaus (8), Arnold Palmer, Gary Player, Craig Stadler (8,12,13), Tom Watson (2,3,8,10,12), Fuzzy Zoeller (2,9,11,12,13) Larry Nelson (4) Bill Rogers Hubert Green (10,12,13), Hal Sutton (11,12,13), Lee Trevino (8,10)", "At age 49 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino shot an opening round five-under-par 67 to become the oldest man ever to lead the field after a round in the tournament. It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again. They can invite me all they want, but I'm not going back. It's just not my type of course.\" Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play, where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course. Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments, he stored his shoes and other items in the trunk of his car, rather than use the locker room facilities in the clubhouse. Trevino complained that had he not qualified as a player, the club would not have let him onto the grounds except through the kitchen. But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\" After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place twice: in 1975 and in 1985."], "answer": {"text": "Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play,", "answer_start": 413}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 1], "history": [{"question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his next time at the masters go", "answer": {"text": "After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place", "answer_start": 1198, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#3", "question": "what was wrong with the style", "rewrite": "What was wrong with the style of Trevino's play?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rick Trevino Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o Jr. (born May 16, 1971), known professionally as Rick Trevino, is an American country music artist. Signed to Columbia Nashville in 1993, Trevino began his career that year with the release of his debut single \"Just Enough Rope\", the first mainstream country music single to feature separate English and Spanish versions. The song was included on his debut album \"Dos Mundos\"; a self-titled album followed a year later. Trevino has charted a total of fourteen singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and recorded seven studio albums. His highest-charting single, \"Running Out of Reasons to Run\", reached No. 1 on that chart in 1996. Trevino is the son of Ricardo Trevino, Sr., a Tejano musician, and Linda Chavez. His music career began when he started taking piano lessons at the age of five. He plays rhythm guitar as well as keyboards. Trevino graduated from Westwood High School in Austin, Texas. Although he was offered a baseball scholarship to Memphis State University, Trevino chose instead to study music at Texas A&M University. While a student, he played his brand of country music in local clubs. In December 1991, a representative of the Sony label, Paul Jarosik, was stranded in Austin due to flooding conditions and visited a small club where Trevino regularly played. Although Trevino was not performing that evening, the representative saw several articles on the walls which praised Trevino. Employees of the club gave him a tape of Trevino's music, which the label representative then passed onto music producer Steve Buckingham. Buckingham made a special trip to Austin just to hear Trevino perform and signed him to Sony. Trevino left school to pursue his music career. At the insistence of Columbia Nashville, his first album, \"Dos Mundos\", was an almost entirely Spanish country album.", "Trevino made his major league debut with the Rangers on June 15, 2018, in a game against the Colorado Rockies. On June 16, Trevino recorded his first major league hit, a RBI single. On June 17, Trevino delivered his first career walk-off hit, a 2-run single off of Wade Davis. Trevino underwent season-ending surgery on his left shoulder on July 20, 2018. In 2019, Trevino split minor league time between the Triple-A Nashville Sounds and the AZL Rangers of the Rookie-level Arizona League, hitting a combined .214/.253/.324/.577 with 3 home runs and 28 RBI. Trevino suffered a quad injury and was placed on the injured list from May 19 to June 24. He was recalled to Texas on August 2. He finished the 2019 season with Texas hitting .258/.272/.383/.655 with 2 home runs and 13 RBI over 40 games. Trevino was awarded the MiLB Rawlings Gold Glove Award for catchers, in both 2016 and 2017. Trevino's father, Joe \"Bug\u00e9\" Trevino, died during Jose's junior year at Oral Robert's. Trevino has one son, Josiah Cruz, who was born five days before he made his MLB debut.", "Yvonne Trevino Yvonne Trevino (born 18 January 1967), is an Arizona Native and former Women's kickboxing and boxing champion from Peoria, Arizona, United States. Trevino was popular among boxing and kickboxing fans during the 1990s, especially in the Southwestern United States and in her Native home state of Arizona. Her popularity led her to have a loyal following as well. Trevino modeled the meaning of dedication and discipline along with the desire to succeed through the Martial Arts discipline and Women Boxing. Trevino grew up the third child in a family of four. As children for entertainment they would always come up with outdoor activities that were often sport challenges and physical obstacles courses that kept them actively competitive with each other around the home. Trevino athletic potential was noticed early by her fourth grade school teacher Ms. Gehring (Phoenix Suns Photographer), who encouraged Trevino to ask her parents permission to stay after school and participate in sports. Trevino said being involved in sports was a good turning point in her life it kept her focused, disciplined and out of trouble. Growing up Trevino had known about her Uncle Frank Rojo and her Cousin Alex Rojo Amateur Boxing careers as well as her cousin Larry Vasquez a Kenpo Karate Martial artist, family members became an personal influence throughout her career. Married young while attending college on athletic scholarship, Trevino unexpectedly became a divorced single parent, then later a serious custody battle over her daughter. As a single working parent Trevino watched a women's match on TV and was intent on mastering a new physical challenge. She talked her way into some pretty tough gyms. On one occasion a head trainer matched Trevino with an advanced fighter who was told to go hard on her. When the fighter exposed an opening Trevino said she got the living air kicked out of her.", "Alexander Trevino Alexander Trevino (born 1981) is an American mixed martial artist, who is best known for his 4-fight stint with now-defunct promotion, Strikeforce. He was cast a member of former UFC champion, Frank Shamrock's reality series, \"School of Hard Knocks\u201d and was part of the Shamrock Submission fighting team until December 2009, and is now part of the Gracie Fighter MMA fighting team. Trevino graduated from Montague high school in Montague, Michigan, in 1999. While in high school he won a state medal in wrestling and trained in boxing at Lane\u2019s Gym in Muskegon. He also trained in Jiu-jitsu at White Lake Combat Club in Michigan under head instructor Frank Bumstead. Trevino held an amateur record of 5-1 before attending the reality show \u201cSchool of Hard Knocks\u201d. Trevino moved to San Jose, California to train with the Shamrock Submission fight team, until he left in December 2009. Trevino made his Strikeforce debut on June 27, 2008, at against Eric Jacob. He won via first round armbar. He then faced Gennaro Strangis at on September 13, 2008. Trevino won via unanimous decision. His next fight was at on August 15, 2009, facing Isaiah Hill. Trevino won by keylock submission. Trevino suffered his first loss under the Strikeforce banner, when he lost a unanimous decision to Rico Altamirano at Strikeforce Challengers 4 on November 6, 2009. In his latest fight, Trevino faced Dave Courchine at XFC 27: Frozen Fury on December 13, 2013. He lost the fight via second-round knockout. Trevino attended the School of Hard Knocks reality TV show, a show intended for people who have had problems with personal abuse and use MMA as a way to recover.", "Throughout his career, Trevino was seen as approachable and humorous, and was frequently quoted by the press. Late in his career, he remarked, \"I played the tour in 1967 and told jokes and nobody laughed. Then I won the Open the next year, told the same jokes, and everybody laughed like hell.\" At the beginning of Trevino's 1971 U.S. Open playoff against Jack Nicklaus, he threw a rubber snake that his daughter had put in his bag as a joke, at Nicklaus, who later admitted that he asked Trevino to throw it to him so he could see it. Trevino grabbed the rubbery object and playfully tossed it at Nicklaus, getting a scream from a nearby woman and a hearty laugh from Nicklaus. Trevino shot a 68 to defeat Nicklaus by three strokes. During one tournament, Tony Jacklin, paired with Trevino, said: \"Lee, I don't want to talk today.\" Trevino retorted: \"I don't want you to talk. I just want you to listen.\" After he was struck by lightning at the 1975 Western Open, Trevino was asked by a reporter what he would do if he were out on the course and it began to storm again. Trevino answered he would take out his 1 iron and point it to the sky, \"because not even God can hit the 1-iron.\" Trevino said later in an interview with David Feherty that he must have tempted God the week before by staying outside during a lightning delay to entertain the crowds, saying \"I deserved to get hit...God can hit a 1-iron.\" Trevino said: \"I've been hit by lightning and been in the Marine Corps for four years. I've traveled the world and been about everywhere you can imagine."], "answer": {"text": "where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course.", "answer_start": 561}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his next time at the masters go", "answer": {"text": "After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place", "answer_start": 1198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything interesting happen to him there", "answer": {"text": "Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play,", "answer_start": 413, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#4", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article in addition to Trevino's 1969 and 1989 results and style of play?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Throughout his career, Trevino was seen as approachable and humorous, and was frequently quoted by the press. Late in his career, he remarked, \"I played the tour in 1967 and told jokes and nobody laughed. Then I won the Open the next year, told the same jokes, and everybody laughed like hell.\" At the beginning of Trevino's 1971 U.S. Open playoff against Jack Nicklaus, he threw a rubber snake that his daughter had put in his bag as a joke, at Nicklaus, who later admitted that he asked Trevino to throw it to him so he could see it. Trevino grabbed the rubbery object and playfully tossed it at Nicklaus, getting a scream from a nearby woman and a hearty laugh from Nicklaus. Trevino shot a 68 to defeat Nicklaus by three strokes. During one tournament, Tony Jacklin, paired with Trevino, said: \"Lee, I don't want to talk today.\" Trevino retorted: \"I don't want you to talk. I just want you to listen.\" After he was struck by lightning at the 1975 Western Open, Trevino was asked by a reporter what he would do if he were out on the course and it began to storm again. Trevino answered he would take out his 1 iron and point it to the sky, \"because not even God can hit the 1-iron.\" Trevino said later in an interview with David Feherty that he must have tempted God the week before by staying outside during a lightning delay to entertain the crowds, saying \"I deserved to get hit...God can hit a 1-iron.\" Trevino said: \"I've been hit by lightning and been in the Marine Corps for four years. I've traveled the world and been about everywhere you can imagine.", "Yvonne Trevino Yvonne Trevino (born 18 January 1967), is an Arizona Native and former Women's kickboxing and boxing champion from Peoria, Arizona, United States. Trevino was popular among boxing and kickboxing fans during the 1990s, especially in the Southwestern United States and in her Native home state of Arizona. Her popularity led her to have a loyal following as well. Trevino modeled the meaning of dedication and discipline along with the desire to succeed through the Martial Arts discipline and Women Boxing. Trevino grew up the third child in a family of four. As children for entertainment they would always come up with outdoor activities that were often sport challenges and physical obstacles courses that kept them actively competitive with each other around the home. Trevino athletic potential was noticed early by her fourth grade school teacher Ms. Gehring (Phoenix Suns Photographer), who encouraged Trevino to ask her parents permission to stay after school and participate in sports. Trevino said being involved in sports was a good turning point in her life it kept her focused, disciplined and out of trouble. Growing up Trevino had known about her Uncle Frank Rojo and her Cousin Alex Rojo Amateur Boxing careers as well as her cousin Larry Vasquez a Kenpo Karate Martial artist, family members became an personal influence throughout her career. Married young while attending college on athletic scholarship, Trevino unexpectedly became a divorced single parent, then later a serious custody battle over her daughter. As a single working parent Trevino watched a women's match on TV and was intent on mastering a new physical challenge. She talked her way into some pretty tough gyms. On one occasion a head trainer matched Trevino with an advanced fighter who was told to go hard on her. When the fighter exposed an opening Trevino said she got the living air kicked out of her.", "Alexander Trevino Alexander Trevino (born 1981) is an American mixed martial artist, who is best known for his 4-fight stint with now-defunct promotion, Strikeforce. He was cast a member of former UFC champion, Frank Shamrock's reality series, \"School of Hard Knocks\u201d and was part of the Shamrock Submission fighting team until December 2009, and is now part of the Gracie Fighter MMA fighting team. Trevino graduated from Montague high school in Montague, Michigan, in 1999. While in high school he won a state medal in wrestling and trained in boxing at Lane\u2019s Gym in Muskegon. He also trained in Jiu-jitsu at White Lake Combat Club in Michigan under head instructor Frank Bumstead. Trevino held an amateur record of 5-1 before attending the reality show \u201cSchool of Hard Knocks\u201d. Trevino moved to San Jose, California to train with the Shamrock Submission fight team, until he left in December 2009. Trevino made his Strikeforce debut on June 27, 2008, at against Eric Jacob. He won via first round armbar. He then faced Gennaro Strangis at on September 13, 2008. Trevino won via unanimous decision. His next fight was at on August 15, 2009, facing Isaiah Hill. Trevino won by keylock submission. Trevino suffered his first loss under the Strikeforce banner, when he lost a unanimous decision to Rico Altamirano at Strikeforce Challengers 4 on November 6, 2009. In his latest fight, Trevino faced Dave Courchine at XFC 27: Frozen Fury on December 13, 2013. He lost the fight via second-round knockout. Trevino attended the School of Hard Knocks reality TV show, a show intended for people who have had problems with personal abuse and use MMA as a way to recover.", "At age 49 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino shot an opening round five-under-par 67 to become the oldest man ever to lead the field after a round in the tournament. It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again. They can invite me all they want, but I'm not going back. It's just not my type of course.\" Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play, where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course. Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments, he stored his shoes and other items in the trunk of his car, rather than use the locker room facilities in the clubhouse. Trevino complained that had he not qualified as a player, the club would not have let him onto the grounds except through the kitchen. But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\" After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place twice: in 1975 and in 1985.", "Rick Trevino Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o Jr. (born May 16, 1971), known professionally as Rick Trevino, is an American country music artist. Signed to Columbia Nashville in 1993, Trevino began his career that year with the release of his debut single \"Just Enough Rope\", the first mainstream country music single to feature separate English and Spanish versions. The song was included on his debut album \"Dos Mundos\"; a self-titled album followed a year later. Trevino has charted a total of fourteen singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and recorded seven studio albums. His highest-charting single, \"Running Out of Reasons to Run\", reached No. 1 on that chart in 1996. Trevino is the son of Ricardo Trevino, Sr., a Tejano musician, and Linda Chavez. His music career began when he started taking piano lessons at the age of five. He plays rhythm guitar as well as keyboards. Trevino graduated from Westwood High School in Austin, Texas. Although he was offered a baseball scholarship to Memphis State University, Trevino chose instead to study music at Texas A&M University. While a student, he played his brand of country music in local clubs. In December 1991, a representative of the Sony label, Paul Jarosik, was stranded in Austin due to flooding conditions and visited a small club where Trevino regularly played. Although Trevino was not performing that evening, the representative saw several articles on the walls which praised Trevino. Employees of the club gave him a tape of Trevino's music, which the label representative then passed onto music producer Steve Buckingham. Buckingham made a special trip to Austin just to hear Trevino perform and signed him to Sony. Trevino left school to pursue his music career. At the insistence of Columbia Nashville, his first album, \"Dos Mundos\", was an almost entirely Spanish country album."], "answer": {"text": "Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments,", "answer_start": 635}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his next time at the masters go", "answer": {"text": "After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place", "answer_start": 1198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything interesting happen to him there", "answer": {"text": "Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play,", "answer_start": 413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was wrong with the style", "answer": {"text": "where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#5", "question": "why did he decide to go again", "rewrite": "Why did Trevino decide to go again to the Masters Tournament?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["At age 49 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino shot an opening round five-under-par 67 to become the oldest man ever to lead the field after a round in the tournament. It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again. They can invite me all they want, but I'm not going back. It's just not my type of course.\" Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play, where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course. Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments, he stored his shoes and other items in the trunk of his car, rather than use the locker room facilities in the clubhouse. Trevino complained that had he not qualified as a player, the club would not have let him onto the grounds except through the kitchen. But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\" After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place twice: in 1975 and in 1985.", "1972 Masters Tournament The 1972 Masters Tournament was the 36th Masters Tournament, held April 6\u20139 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Jack Nicklaus opened with a 68 and led wire-to-wire to win the fourth of his six Masters titles, three strokes ahead of three runners-up. It was the tenth of 18 major titles as a professional for Nicklaus, who also won the U.S. Open in 1972 and was the runner-up at the Open Championship in Scotland, one stroke behind Lee Trevino. It was the first Masters played without founder Bobby Jones, who died in December 1971 at age 69. The 1972 Masters was also the debut of 20 year old University of Texas golfer and future two-time champion Ben Crenshaw who was low amateur at 295 (T19). Banned from the last five Masters, commentator Jack Whitaker returned to the CBS telecast in 1972. At the end of the 18-hole Monday playoff in 1966, he had referred to the portion of the gallery trailing the players as a \"mob.\" Nicklaus became the third wire-to-wire winner in Masters history, following Craig Wood in 1941 and Arnold Palmer in 1960. Through 2016, there have been five; the next were Raymond Floyd in 1976 and Jordan Spieth in 2015. George Archer (9,11),", "Yvonne Trevino Yvonne Trevino (born 18 January 1967), is an Arizona Native and former Women's kickboxing and boxing champion from Peoria, Arizona, United States. Trevino was popular among boxing and kickboxing fans during the 1990s, especially in the Southwestern United States and in her Native home state of Arizona. Her popularity led her to have a loyal following as well. Trevino modeled the meaning of dedication and discipline along with the desire to succeed through the Martial Arts discipline and Women Boxing. Trevino grew up the third child in a family of four. As children for entertainment they would always come up with outdoor activities that were often sport challenges and physical obstacles courses that kept them actively competitive with each other around the home. Trevino athletic potential was noticed early by her fourth grade school teacher Ms. Gehring (Phoenix Suns Photographer), who encouraged Trevino to ask her parents permission to stay after school and participate in sports. Trevino said being involved in sports was a good turning point in her life it kept her focused, disciplined and out of trouble. Growing up Trevino had known about her Uncle Frank Rojo and her Cousin Alex Rojo Amateur Boxing careers as well as her cousin Larry Vasquez a Kenpo Karate Martial artist, family members became an personal influence throughout her career. Married young while attending college on athletic scholarship, Trevino unexpectedly became a divorced single parent, then later a serious custody battle over her daughter. As a single working parent Trevino watched a women's match on TV and was intent on mastering a new physical challenge. She talked her way into some pretty tough gyms. On one occasion a head trainer matched Trevino with an advanced fighter who was told to go hard on her. When the fighter exposed an opening Trevino said she got the living air kicked out of her.", "1975 Masters Tournament The 1975 Masters Tournament was the 39th Masters Tournament, held April 10\u201313 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia. Jack Nicklaus won his fifth Masters and thirteenth major title, one stroke ahead of runners-up Johnny Miller and At age 40, Lee Elder became the first African-American to compete at the tournament, but missed the cut by four strokes. The 1975 Masters is widely considered to be one of the greatest majors ever, with three great players at the peak of their games dueling in a thrilling Sunday finish. Had a playoff been required, it would have been a full 18-hole round on Monday. Prior to the next Masters in 1976, a sudden-death format was introduced and was first used in 1979. Through 2018, Nicklaus remains the only winner of five Masters; he won his sixth green jacket eleven years later in 1986 at age 46. Tommy Aaron (12), George Archer, Gay Brewer (12), Billy Casper (12), Charles Coody, Doug Ford, Bob Goalby (8), Jack Nicklaus (3,4,8,9,10,11,12), Arnold Palmer (8,9,12), Gary Player (3,4,8,9,10,11), Sam Snead (8,10), Art Wall Jr. Hale Irwin (8,9), Johnny Miller (8,11), Lee Trevino (3,4,10,11,12) Tom Weiskopf (8,9,11,12) Dave Stockton (8,11) John Grace (a), Gary Koch (7,a), Jerry Pate (6,7,a), Curtis Strange (7,a) Dick Siderowf (a), Craig Stadler (a) George Burns (a)", "Rick Trevino Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o Jr. (born May 16, 1971), known professionally as Rick Trevino, is an American country music artist. Signed to Columbia Nashville in 1993, Trevino began his career that year with the release of his debut single \"Just Enough Rope\", the first mainstream country music single to feature separate English and Spanish versions. The song was included on his debut album \"Dos Mundos\"; a self-titled album followed a year later. Trevino has charted a total of fourteen singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and recorded seven studio albums. His highest-charting single, \"Running Out of Reasons to Run\", reached No. 1 on that chart in 1996. Trevino is the son of Ricardo Trevino, Sr., a Tejano musician, and Linda Chavez. His music career began when he started taking piano lessons at the age of five. He plays rhythm guitar as well as keyboards. Trevino graduated from Westwood High School in Austin, Texas. Although he was offered a baseball scholarship to Memphis State University, Trevino chose instead to study music at Texas A&M University. While a student, he played his brand of country music in local clubs. In December 1991, a representative of the Sony label, Paul Jarosik, was stranded in Austin due to flooding conditions and visited a small club where Trevino regularly played. Although Trevino was not performing that evening, the representative saw several articles on the walls which praised Trevino. Employees of the club gave him a tape of Trevino's music, which the label representative then passed onto music producer Steve Buckingham. Buckingham made a special trip to Austin just to hear Trevino perform and signed him to Sony. Trevino left school to pursue his music career. At the insistence of Columbia Nashville, his first album, \"Dos Mundos\", was an almost entirely Spanish country album."], "answer": {"text": "But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\"", "answer_start": 1037}, "retrieval_labels": [1, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his next time at the masters go", "answer": {"text": "After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place", "answer_start": 1198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything interesting happen to him there", "answer": {"text": "Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play,", "answer_start": 413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was wrong with the style", "answer": {"text": "where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments,", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#6", "question": "did he go every year after that", "rewrite": "Did Trevino go every year after the Augusta National Tournament?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The creek was named after former property owner John Rae, who died in 1789. Rae's Creek runs in front of No. 12 green, has a tributary evident at No. 13 tee, and flows at the back of No. 11 green. It was Rae's house which was the farthest fortress up the Savannah River from Fort Augusta. The house kept residents safe during Indian attacks when the fort was out of reach. Over the decades, Augusta National has bought and redeveloped nearby land. From 1999 to 2019, the club spent about $200 million to buy 100 separate properties totaling over 270 acres, some more than a mile distant from the club proper. Most purchases are arranged via LLCs connected to Augusta National in order to obfuscate the transaction's details. More than a dozen of these LLCs are known to exist, and up to five may be involved in a single purchase. Augusta National ultimately purchases each LLC, acquiring its land holdings and keeping the real estate price away from public records. NDAs are also commonly employed. Augusta National has acquired, demolished, and redeveloped entire strip centers and residential blocks. The organization helped finance a project to re-route Berckmans Road. The club also plans to build a large tunnel underneath Washington Road. Because Augusta National has spent so much to acquire land, homeowners in Richmond County have had to apply for special property tax assessments in order to negate the effects of the club's activities. Investors have also begun to purchase property and condos next to Augusta National. Augusta National Golf Club has about 300 members at any given time. Membership is strictly by invitation: there is no application process. In 2004, \"USA Today\" published a list of all the current members. Membership is believed to cost between $10,000 and $30,000 and annual dues were estimated in 2009 to be less than $10,000 per year.", "At age 49 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino shot an opening round five-under-par 67 to become the oldest man ever to lead the field after a round in the tournament. It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again. They can invite me all they want, but I'm not going back. It's just not my type of course.\" Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play, where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course. Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments, he stored his shoes and other items in the trunk of his car, rather than use the locker room facilities in the clubhouse. Trevino complained that had he not qualified as a player, the club would not have let him onto the grounds except through the kitchen. But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\" After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place twice: in 1975 and in 1985.", "In 1952, the Masters began presenting an award, known as the Silver Cup, to the lowest scoring amateur to make the cut. In 1954, they began presenting an amateur silver medal to the low amateur runner-up. The original trophy weighs over 130 pounds, and sits on a four-foot wide base. It resides permanently at Augusta National and depicts the clubhouse of the classic course. The replica, which is significantly smaller, stands just 6.5 inches tall and weighs 20 pounds. The champion and the runner-up both have their names engraved on the permanent trophy, solidifying themselves in golf history. The Double Eagle trophy was introduced in 1967 when Bruce Devlin holed out for double eagle on number 8. He was only the second to do so, and the first in 32 years, following Gene Sarazen on hole 15 in 1932. The trophy is a large crystal bowl with \"Masters Tournament\" engraved around the top. In 2013, Augusta National partnered with the USGA and the PGA of America to establish \"Drive, Chip and Putt\", a youth golf skills competition which was first held in 2014. The event was established as part of an effort to help promote the sport of golf among youth; the winners of local qualifiers in different age groups advance to the national finals, which have been held at Augusta National on the Sunday immediately preceding the Masters. The driving and chipping portions of the event are held on the course's practice range, but the putting portion has been played on the course's 18th hole. On April 4, 2018, prior to the 2018 tournament, new Augusta National chairman Fred Ridley announced that the club would host the Augusta National Women's Amateur beginning in 2019. The first two rounds will be held at the Champion's Retreat club in Evans, Georgia, with the final two rounds hosted by Augusta National", "Augusta National Golf Club Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta or the National, is one of the most famous and exclusive golf clubs in the world, located in Augusta, Georgia, United States. Unlike most private clubs which operate as non-profits, Augusta National is a for-profit corporation, and it does not disclose its income, holdings, membership list, or ticket sales. Founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1932. Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in \"Golf Digest\"s 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on \"Golfweek Magazine\"s 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States. The club long held racist and sexist policies: Augusta National admitted no African Americans as members until 1990 and no women as members until 2012. The club long required all caddies to be black and barred black golfers from the Masters Tournament until Lee Elder participated in 1975. In 1997, Tiger Woods became the first person of color to win the tournament. In 2019, the course began co-hosting the Augusta National Women's Amateur. Augusta National was founded in 1932 by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts on the 365-acre site of a former nursery called Fruitland (later Fruitlands). Jones sought to create a world-class winter golf course in his native state of Georgia. During the first decade of the club's existence, membership was low and finances were short due to the Great Depression and the relatively remote location of Augusta, forcing the duo to scrap future plans for a \"ladies' course,\" squash and tennis courts, and various estates.", "Augusta National Women's Amateur The Augusta National Women's Amateur (ANWA) is a golf tournament in Georgia, held at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta and Champions Retreat Golf Club in nearby Evans. stroke play event debuted The tournament is split between the two venues, with Champions Retreat () hosting the opening rounds on Wednesday and Thursday with a field size of 72 players on the Island and Bluff nines. A practice round is played on Friday at Augusta National with the full field. The field is cut to the top 30 players (with a playoff for the last spots if necessary) for the final round Saturday at Augusta National. The tournament is held on the week directly preceding the Masters Tournament. The winner of the tournament receives invitations to the next five ANWAs, that year's U.S. Women's Open and Women's British Open, and any USGA, R&A, and PGA of America amateur events for which she is otherwise eligible prior to the next ANWA \u2013 all providing she remains an amateur. Until 2012, Augusta National refused to formally admit women as members. Before the 2012 Masters Tournament, then-chairman William Porter Payne cited that in 2011, more than 15% of the non-tournament rounds were played by female players who were member guests or spouses of active members. On August 20, 2012, Augusta National admitted Condoleezza Rice and Darla Moore as its first female members. Prior to the 2018 Masters Tournament, new Augusta National chairman Fred Ridley announced on April 4 that the club would host the Augusta National Women's Amateur beginning in 2019. He stated that holding such an event at Augusta National would have the \"greatest impact\" on women's golf."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his next time at the masters go", "answer": {"text": "After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place", "answer_start": 1198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything interesting happen to him there", "answer": {"text": "Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play,", "answer_start": 413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was wrong with the style", "answer": {"text": "where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments,", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he decide to go again", "answer": {"text": "But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\"", "answer_start": 1037, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_9736e3bb7b4747c8a01744e30c27c635_1_q#7", "question": "did he have any funny stories from the masters", "rewrite": "Did Trevino have any funny stories from the Masters?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Rick Trevino Ricardo Trevi\u00f1o Jr. (born May 16, 1971), known professionally as Rick Trevino, is an American country music artist. Signed to Columbia Nashville in 1993, Trevino began his career that year with the release of his debut single \"Just Enough Rope\", the first mainstream country music single to feature separate English and Spanish versions. The song was included on his debut album \"Dos Mundos\"; a self-titled album followed a year later. Trevino has charted a total of fourteen singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart and recorded seven studio albums. His highest-charting single, \"Running Out of Reasons to Run\", reached No. 1 on that chart in 1996. Trevino is the son of Ricardo Trevino, Sr., a Tejano musician, and Linda Chavez. His music career began when he started taking piano lessons at the age of five. He plays rhythm guitar as well as keyboards. Trevino graduated from Westwood High School in Austin, Texas. Although he was offered a baseball scholarship to Memphis State University, Trevino chose instead to study music at Texas A&M University. While a student, he played his brand of country music in local clubs. In December 1991, a representative of the Sony label, Paul Jarosik, was stranded in Austin due to flooding conditions and visited a small club where Trevino regularly played. Although Trevino was not performing that evening, the representative saw several articles on the walls which praised Trevino. Employees of the club gave him a tape of Trevino's music, which the label representative then passed onto music producer Steve Buckingham. Buckingham made a special trip to Austin just to hear Trevino perform and signed him to Sony. Trevino left school to pursue his music career. At the insistence of Columbia Nashville, his first album, \"Dos Mundos\", was an almost entirely Spanish country album.", "Alexander Trevino Alexander Trevino (born 1981) is an American mixed martial artist, who is best known for his 4-fight stint with now-defunct promotion, Strikeforce. He was cast a member of former UFC champion, Frank Shamrock's reality series, \"School of Hard Knocks\u201d and was part of the Shamrock Submission fighting team until December 2009, and is now part of the Gracie Fighter MMA fighting team. Trevino graduated from Montague high school in Montague, Michigan, in 1999. While in high school he won a state medal in wrestling and trained in boxing at Lane\u2019s Gym in Muskegon. He also trained in Jiu-jitsu at White Lake Combat Club in Michigan under head instructor Frank Bumstead. Trevino held an amateur record of 5-1 before attending the reality show \u201cSchool of Hard Knocks\u201d. Trevino moved to San Jose, California to train with the Shamrock Submission fight team, until he left in December 2009. Trevino made his Strikeforce debut on June 27, 2008, at against Eric Jacob. He won via first round armbar. He then faced Gennaro Strangis at on September 13, 2008. Trevino won via unanimous decision. His next fight was at on August 15, 2009, facing Isaiah Hill. Trevino won by keylock submission. Trevino suffered his first loss under the Strikeforce banner, when he lost a unanimous decision to Rico Altamirano at Strikeforce Challengers 4 on November 6, 2009. In his latest fight, Trevino faced Dave Courchine at XFC 27: Frozen Fury on December 13, 2013. He lost the fight via second-round knockout. Trevino attended the School of Hard Knocks reality TV show, a show intended for people who have had problems with personal abuse and use MMA as a way to recover.", "Yvonne Trevino Yvonne Trevino (born 18 January 1967), is an Arizona Native and former Women's kickboxing and boxing champion from Peoria, Arizona, United States. Trevino was popular among boxing and kickboxing fans during the 1990s, especially in the Southwestern United States and in her Native home state of Arizona. Her popularity led her to have a loyal following as well. Trevino modeled the meaning of dedication and discipline along with the desire to succeed through the Martial Arts discipline and Women Boxing. Trevino grew up the third child in a family of four. As children for entertainment they would always come up with outdoor activities that were often sport challenges and physical obstacles courses that kept them actively competitive with each other around the home. Trevino athletic potential was noticed early by her fourth grade school teacher Ms. Gehring (Phoenix Suns Photographer), who encouraged Trevino to ask her parents permission to stay after school and participate in sports. Trevino said being involved in sports was a good turning point in her life it kept her focused, disciplined and out of trouble. Growing up Trevino had known about her Uncle Frank Rojo and her Cousin Alex Rojo Amateur Boxing careers as well as her cousin Larry Vasquez a Kenpo Karate Martial artist, family members became an personal influence throughout her career. Married young while attending college on athletic scholarship, Trevino unexpectedly became a divorced single parent, then later a serious custody battle over her daughter. As a single working parent Trevino watched a women's match on TV and was intent on mastering a new physical challenge. She talked her way into some pretty tough gyms. On one occasion a head trainer matched Trevino with an advanced fighter who was told to go hard on her. When the fighter exposed an opening Trevino said she got the living air kicked out of her.", "At age 49 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino shot an opening round five-under-par 67 to become the oldest man ever to lead the field after a round in the tournament. It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again. They can invite me all they want, but I'm not going back. It's just not my type of course.\" Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play, where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course. Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments, he stored his shoes and other items in the trunk of his car, rather than use the locker room facilities in the clubhouse. Trevino complained that had he not qualified as a player, the club would not have let him onto the grounds except through the kitchen. But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\" After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place twice: in 1975 and in 1985.", "Throughout his career, Trevino was seen as approachable and humorous, and was frequently quoted by the press. Late in his career, he remarked, \"I played the tour in 1967 and told jokes and nobody laughed. Then I won the Open the next year, told the same jokes, and everybody laughed like hell.\" At the beginning of Trevino's 1971 U.S. Open playoff against Jack Nicklaus, he threw a rubber snake that his daughter had put in his bag as a joke, at Nicklaus, who later admitted that he asked Trevino to throw it to him so he could see it. Trevino grabbed the rubbery object and playfully tossed it at Nicklaus, getting a scream from a nearby woman and a hearty laugh from Nicklaus. Trevino shot a 68 to defeat Nicklaus by three strokes. During one tournament, Tony Jacklin, paired with Trevino, said: \"Lee, I don't want to talk today.\" Trevino retorted: \"I don't want you to talk. I just want you to listen.\" After he was struck by lightning at the 1975 Western Open, Trevino was asked by a reporter what he would do if he were out on the course and it began to storm again. Trevino answered he would take out his 1 iron and point it to the sky, \"because not even God can hit the 1-iron.\" Trevino said later in an interview with David Feherty that he must have tempted God the week before by staying outside during a lightning delay to entertain the crowds, saying \"I deserved to get hit...God can hit a 1-iron.\" Trevino said: \"I've been hit by lightning and been in the Marine Corps for four years. I've traveled the world and been about everywhere you can imagine."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 1, 0], "history": [{"question": "What year was Lee Trevino at the masters the first time?", "answer": {"text": "It came despite Trevino's words 20 years earlier, when he said after the 1969 Masters: \"Don't talk to me about the Masters. I'm never going to play there again.", "answer_start": 160, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How did his next time at the masters go", "answer": {"text": "After his opening round of 67 in the 1989 Masters, Trevino finished the tournament tied for 18th place. His best finish at the Masters was a tie for 10th place", "answer_start": 1198, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did anything interesting happen to him there", "answer": {"text": "Trevino said that he felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere at the Augusta National club and that he disliked the course because his style of play,", "answer_start": 413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was wrong with the style", "answer": {"text": "where he liked to fade shots left to right, was not suited to the course.", "answer_start": 561, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "Trevino did not accept invitations to the Masters in 1970, 1971 and again in 1974. In 1972, after forgoing the previous two Masters tournaments,", "answer_start": 635, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "why did he decide to go again", "answer": {"text": "But he later described his boycott of the Masters as \"the greatest mistake I've made in my career\" and called Augusta National \"the eighth wonder of the world.\"", "answer_start": 1037, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did he go every year after that", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#0", "question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "rewrite": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump.", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit"], "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#1", "question": "any other films?", "rewrite": "Aside from the first film, are there any other films by Tracey Ullman?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump."], "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#2", "question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "rewrite": "what's a movie Tracey Ullman won an award for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump.", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts."], "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#3", "question": "did she win other awards?", "rewrite": "Aside from just having a film career, did Tracey Ullman win other awards?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump.", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#4", "question": "did she ever get divorced?", "rewrite": "did Tracey Ullman ever get divorced?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she win other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#5", "question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "rewrite": "Other than the film career Are there any other interesting aspects about this article on Tracey Ullman?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump.", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit"], "answer": {"text": "She made her big screen leading role debut in 1990's I Love You to Death acting alongside Kevin Kline, River Phoenix and Joan Plowright.", "answer_start": 931}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she win other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#6", "question": "how long did she act?", "rewrite": "how long did Tracey Ullman act?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump.", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast."], "answer": {"text": "Her voice work in film includes Tim Burton's Corpse Bride and the computer-animated The Tale of Despereaux.", "answer_start": 1413}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she win other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "She made her big screen leading role debut in 1990's I Love You to Death acting alongside Kevin Kline, River Phoenix and Joan Plowright.", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#7", "question": "what other films did she do work for?", "rewrite": "In addition to the first career work, what other films did Tracey Ullman do work for?", "followup": "m", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump."], "answer": {"text": "appeared in lead and supporting roles in films such as Robin Hood: Men in Tights, Nancy Savoca's Household Saints, Bullets over Broadway, Small Time Crooks and A Dirty Shame.", "answer_start": 1085}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she win other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "She made her big screen leading role debut in 1990's I Love You to Death acting alongside Kevin Kline, River Phoenix and Joan Plowright.", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how long did she act?", "answer": {"text": "Her voice work in film includes Tim Burton's Corpse Bride and the computer-animated The Tale of Despereaux.", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#8", "question": "who did she work with?", "rewrite": "who did Tracey Ullman work with in a role during her early career?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump."], "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama", "answer_start": 216}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she win other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "She made her big screen leading role debut in 1990's I Love You to Death acting alongside Kevin Kline, River Phoenix and Joan Plowright.", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how long did she act?", "answer": {"text": "Her voice work in film includes Tim Burton's Corpse Bride and the computer-animated The Tale of Despereaux.", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films did she do work for?", "answer": {"text": "appeared in lead and supporting roles in films such as Robin Hood: Men in Tights, Nancy Savoca's Household Saints, Bullets over Broadway, Small Time Crooks and A Dirty Shame.", "answer_start": 1085, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#9", "question": "what was her top film?", "rewrite": "what was Tracey Ullman's top film?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump.", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\").", "Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts."], "answer": {"text": "her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1374}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she win other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "She made her big screen leading role debut in 1990's I Love You to Death acting alongside Kevin Kline, River Phoenix and Joan Plowright.", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how long did she act?", "answer": {"text": "Her voice work in film includes Tim Burton's Corpse Bride and the computer-animated The Tale of Despereaux.", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films did she do work for?", "answer": {"text": "appeared in lead and supporting roles in films such as Robin Hood: Men in Tights, Nancy Savoca's Household Saints, Bullets over Broadway, Small Time Crooks and A Dirty Shame.", "answer_start": 1085, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she work with?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_c79db942b8d849e9934474dde727c06d_1_q#10", "question": "what award did she recieve?", "rewrite": "what award did Tracey Ullman recieve for her top film?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Tracey Ullman: A Class Act Tracey Ullman: A Class Act is a sketch comedy special starring Tracey Ullman, along with Michael Palin playing a variety of original characters. It originally aired on ITV; subsequently HBO in the United States on 23 November 1993. After the conclusion of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" in 1990, Ullman decided to take a break from television. She had no desire to return to the format as the demands of doing a weekly show in front of a live studio audience left her exhausted. She also felt artistically satiated with what she achieved. She was also pregnant with her second child and decided to turn her attention to motherhood. In 1992, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Included with his bid was a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. Thinking nothing of it, Ullman continued enjoying her less hectic schedule. To her horror, McKeown's bid was successful, forcing her to return television. She decided on a new format and to shoot the entire show on location. This would allow her ample time to apply makeup, wigs, and other accoutrements for the characters at a reasonable pace. When it came to a premise, Ullman decided to focus the show on British class system, a subject that interested her for years. \" Tracey Ullman: A Class Act\" premiered on 9 January 1993 on ITV. The show features four sketches, with the first acting as bookends. Ullman plays a total of eleven characters; she's accompanied in the sketches by \"Monty Python\" alum Michael Palin who also plays multiple parts.", "Tracey Ullman Takes on New York Tracey Ullman Takes on New York is a comedy special starring Tracey Ullman. The special was Ullman's first project for HBO; it led to the creation of the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Takes On...\". After ending her eponymous Fox show in 1990, Ullman chose to take a break from television and concentrate on motherhood, having given birth to her second child in 1991. That same year, her husband, independent British television producer, Allan McKeown placed a bid a television franchise in the South of England. Along with his bid he included a potential television programming lineup which included a Tracey Ullman special. When his bid was successful, Ullman created the ITV comedy special, \"\", which lampooned the British class system. After its success, the American cable network HBO became interested in her doing a special for them. The one caveat was that the show focus on an \"American\" subject. Ullman chose New York. The special entitled \"Tracey Ullman Takes on New York\" was filmed on location in Manhattan over a period of three weeks. Three new characters were created for her to portray, along with Janie Pillsworth, and Janie's mother, Jacqueline; both characters were created and appeared in the previous British \"Class Act\" special. Weeks after the special's broadcast, HBO aired \"A Class Act\" on November 23, 1993, the special that initially sparked their interest. After the success of both specials, HBO became interested in Ullman doing a \"takes on\" series. Ullman and her husband agreed, and the pair set up production in Los Angeles in 1995 to begin work on \" Tracey Takes On...\". The special is split into three sketches with one bit", "Tracey Breaks the News (pilot) \"Tracey Breaks the News \" is a one-off British comedy television special as well as the pilot episode of the series of the same name starring comedian Tracey Ullman,  commissioned by the BBC for BBC One. It is thematically inspired by the aftermath 2017 United Kingdom general election, as well as the one year anniversary of the Brexit vote, and was recorded (and expected to air) shortly thereafter. The special is a reformatted version of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". \" Tracey Breaks the News \" is the second special Ullman has done for British television; her first since 1993's \"\", and her fifth overall. The show aired on 23 June. The success of the special led to the order and creation of the series \"Tracey Breaks the News\". After thirty successful years in the United States, British comedian Tracey Ullman returned to the BBC with the sketch comedy series \"Tracey Ullman's Show\". The show features Ullman performing an eclectic cast of characters, some real-life, others totally original. The show's political and celebrity impersonations, such as her take on a devious Judi Dench, a vain Angela Merkel, and Nicola Sturgeon reimagined as a Bond-type villain were lauded by critics. Whilst promoting the first and second series of \"Tracey Ullman's Show\", Ullman repeatedly implored for the award-winning British satirical puppet show, \"Spitting Image\" to return, feeling that television needed a satirical voice now more than ever. \"I think they did a Spitting Image puppet of me once. I didn't think it was that great. She only made one appearance!\" Whilst promoting \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" the United States, Ullman spoke about possibly impersonating Melania Trump.", "The Tracey Ullman Show The Tracey Ullman Show is an American television variety show starring Tracey Ullman. It debuted on Fox on April 5, 1987 (the network's second original primetime series to air following \" Married... with Children\") and ran until May 26, 1990. The show was produced by Gracie Films and 20th Century Fox Television. The show blended sketch comedy with musical numbers and dance routines, choreographed by Paula Abdul, along with animated shorts. The format was conceived by creator and executive producer James L. Brooks, who was looking to showcase the show's multitalented star. Brooks likened the show to producing three pilots a week. Ullman was the first British woman to be offered her own television sketch show in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The show is also known for producing a series of shorts featuring the Simpson family, which was later adapted into the longest-running American scripted primetime television series, \"The Simpsons\". \" The Tracey Ullman Show\" garnered Fox its first ever Emmy nomination and win; it was awarded a total of 11. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" as the #25 best sketch comedy show in its \"40 Greatest Sketch-Comedy TV Shows of All Time\" list. This was the first sketch comedy show to have a female star on Fox; the second was \"Party Over Here\" in 2015. A typical episode of \"The Tracey Ullman Show\" consists of two or three sketches (or playlets) featuring Tracey Ullman playing an array of characters along with her supporting cast of Julie Kavner, Dan Castellaneta, Sam McMurray, Joseph Malone \u2013 and, in the case of season three, Anna Levine. The final sketch of the night usually includes a musical or dance number featuring Ullman either solo or with other members of the cast.", "Tracey Ullman's Show Tracey Ullman's Show is a British sketch comedy television series starring Tracey Ullman. \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" premiered on BBC One on 11 January 2016. The programme marks her first project for the broadcaster in over thirty years, and her first original project for British television in twenty-two years. The BBC announced that the programme had been recommissioned for a second series on 5 March 2016. Following a \"best bits\" Christmas special in December 2016, the show's second series premiered on 3 February 2017. It comprises 6 episodes. On 26 May 2017, the BBC announced that it had ordered a new topical half hour Tracey Ullman special, \"Tracey Breaks the News\" for BBC One. The show is inspired by the 2017 United Kingdom general election and aired on 23 June 2017. After the success of the 2017 \"Tracey Breaks the News\" special, the BBC officially commissioned a series, subsequently replacing the original show. On 30 August, HBO announced that \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" would return for a third series starting 28 September 2018. The third series utilises material produced for Ullman's follow-up show \"Tracey Breaks the News\". Furthermore, the aforementioned show has been recut and sold internationally under the \"Tracey Ullman's Show\" banner. Each episode offers a glimpse of British life, from dusk till dawn, for many of its inhabitants (the everyday and the very famous). Locals, tourists, even those smuggling themselves into the country are included. A typical episode consists of sketches ranging from one to three minutes with one sketch's storyline acting as the spine of the episode. Each show features an original song penned by Ullman and composer Richard Thomas (\"\")."], "answer": {"text": "nominated for a Golden Globe Award", "answer_start": 1268}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "what movies were performed by Tracey Ullman in his Film career?", "answer": {"text": "Her first theatrical film was a small role in Paul McCartney's 1984 film Give My Regards to Broad Street.", "answer_start": 89, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "any other films?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama Plenty. She re-teamed with Streep for 1992's Death Becomes Her,", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what's a movie they won an award for?", "answer": {"text": "She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Actress - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1260, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she win other awards?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "did she ever get divorced?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "answer": {"text": "She made her big screen leading role debut in 1990's I Love You to Death acting alongside Kevin Kline, River Phoenix and Joan Plowright.", "answer_start": 931, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "how long did she act?", "answer": {"text": "Her voice work in film includes Tim Burton's Corpse Bride and the computer-animated The Tale of Despereaux.", "answer_start": 1413, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what other films did she do work for?", "answer": {"text": "appeared in lead and supporting roles in films such as Robin Hood: Men in Tights, Nancy Savoca's Household Saints, Bullets over Broadway, Small Time Crooks and A Dirty Shame.", "answer_start": 1085, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "who did she work with?", "answer": {"text": "a supporting role in the 1985 Meryl Streep drama", "answer_start": 216, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "what was her top film?", "answer": {"text": "her work in Small Time Crooks in 2001.", "answer_start": 1374, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#0", "question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "rewrite": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Samuel Farnsworth House The Samuel Farnsworth House is a historic house at 537 Mountain Road in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Probably built about 1797, it is one of West Hartford's few surviving 18th-century buildings, and a particularly rare example of a small vernacular single-story cottage. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986. The Samuel Farnsworth House is located in northwestern West Hartford, on the west side of Mountain Road, a busy local north-south main road. It is set on a rise above the road, the lot fronted by a dry-laid brownstone retaining wall. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure with a front gable roof and central brick chimney. Its front facade is three bays wide, with two windows placed asymmetrically on either side of the entrance, which is slightly off-center. The rear roof face has a flare, extending the building to the rear, and there is a secondary entrance on the south side. Trim is limited to simple corner boards. Although the house is placarded 1807, it was probably built in 1797 by Samuel Farnsworth, and is one of the only two-room cottages from the period to survive. The land was acquired by Samuel Farnsworth in 1790 from his father-in-law, Morgan Goodwin. He sold it in 1797, with dwelling and other outbuildings, to Titus Goodwin. The house remained in the Goodwin family for many years.", "Farnsworth House The Farnsworth House was designed and constructed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951. It is a one-room weekend retreat in what then was a rural setting, located 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Chicago's downtown, on a 60-acre (24 ha) estate site adjoining the Fox River, south of the city of Plano, Illinois. The steel and glass house was commissioned by Edith Farnsworth, M.D., a prominent Chicago nephrologist, as a place where she could engage in her hobbies\u2014playing the violin, translating poetry, and enjoying nature. Mies created a 1,500-square-foot (140 m) structure that is widely recognized as an example of International Style of architecture. The retreat was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, after being listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Currently, the house is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the historic preservation group, National Trust for Historic Preservation. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Farnsworth House was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by \"USA Today Travel\" magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was retained by Dr. Edith Farnsworth to design a weekend retreat during a dinner party in 1945. The wealthy client wanted to build a very special work of modern architecture, however, toward the end of construction, a dispute arose between architect and client that interfered with its completion by the architect. Farnsworth had purchased the riverfront property from the publisher of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Robert R. McCormick.", "Under the direction of Professor Frank Flury, students of the Illinois Institute of Technology designed and constructed the Barnsworth Gallery to house the wardrobe and serve as an exhibition space. The building design received accolades in the architectural press, resulting in swarms of uninvited visitors trespassing on the property to glimpse this latest Mies building. As a result of the accusations contained in Edith Farnsworth's lawsuit, the house soon became a prop in the larger national social conflicts of the McCarthy era. The weekend house became a lightning rod for anti-modernist publications, exemplified in the April 1953 issue of \"House Beautiful\", which attacked it as a \"communist-inspired effort\" to supplant traditional American styles. Large areas of glass wall, flat roofs, purging of ornament, and a perceived lack of traditional warmth and coziness were characteristics of the International Style that were particular talking points of attack. The poor energy efficiency of the Farnsworth House has been widely discussed as well. Nonetheless, the Farnsworth House has continued to receive wide critical acclaim as a masterpiece of the modernist style, and Mies went on to receive the presidential Medal of Freedom for his contribution to American architecture and culture. Prominent architect and critic, Philip Johnson, was inspired by the design, designing and building his own Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut in 1947 as his personal residence. In the twenty-first century, Pulitzer Prize-winning architectural critics Paul Goldberger and Blair Kamin have both declared the house a masterpiece of modern architecture. Its timeless quality is reflected by the reverent fascination in the minimalist house shown by a new generation of design professionals and enthusiasts. In 2016, the movie, \"\", featured a house modelled after the Farnsworth House.", "Farnsworth House (North Bridgton, Maine) The Farnsworth House is a historic house on Maine State Route 117 in North Bridgton, Maine. Built in 1825 for a local doctor, it is a particularly sophisticated example of Federal period architecture for a remote inland setting, featuring well-preserved interior woodwork. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The Farnsworth House is set on the west side of SR 117, between the Lakewood Pines Campground and the road's junction with North Bridgton Road. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, end chimneys, clapboard siding, and stone foundation. The main (east-facing) facade is symmetrically arranged, with a wide central bay housing the main entrance, which is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight. A single-story porch extends across the southern facade, supported by Doric columns; it has been partially enclosed. An ell extends to the building rear, joining it to a carriage house. The interior of the house has extremely high-quality delicate Federal period woodwork, including wall paneling, fireplace mantels, crown molding, and a front stairway with paired newel posts. The house was built in 1825 for Dr. Samuel Farnsworth, Jr. Despite its relatively remote location, the house exhibits interior Federal period woodwork that is comparable to that found in Maine's coastal communities in greater concentration.", "Farnsworth House was created to display nature in a simple and pure form. One of the many features of the immediate site was a large Black Maple tree, which was integral for the placement and orientation of the house on the site. Incidentally, the same species of tree, which also is quite abundant in the state park to the south, was among the reasons for the land in the immediate vicinity of the house being designated as a state park in the 1960s. Due to disease and old age, the tree died in the early 2000s and subsequently, was removed, as most of the trunk of the tree remained and was being held in place through cables and bracing. The house's close proximity to the tree, some ten feet, led to a feeling of oneness with nature, which was integral to the design aesthetic that Mies sought in designing the house. Due to the Farnsworth House's location in the Fox River floodplain, the site often experiences low-level flooding. Despite the precautions taken in the design, waters have risen substantially inside of the structure multiple times in excess of FEMA 500-year flood levels. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has been developing a flood mitigation plan to deal with the ongoing threat to the structure posed by the river. It was announced in 2011 that the Illinois Institute of Technology was going to build a permanent exhibition space for the wardrobe that Edith Farnsworth commissioned for the Farnsworth House. The wardrobe was extensively damaged in the 1996, 1997, and 2008 floods, with its large size rendering any possible evacuation attempt costly and difficult. In an attempt to protect the wardrobe, curators of the Farnsworth House decided to have the wardrobe put on permanent display near the visitor center on the site, which is well above the 500-year flood plain."], "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": []}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#1", "question": "How was he involved with the house?", "rewrite": "How was Ludwig Mies van der Rohe involved with the house?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lake Point Tower Lake Point Tower is a high-rise residential building located on a promontory of the Lake Michigan lakefront in downtown Chicago, just north of the Chicago River at 505 North Lake Shore Drive. It is located in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. It rises somewhat apart from the urban cluster of downtown Chicago. Located adjacent to Navy Pier, the building is the only skyscraper in downtown Chicago east of Lake Shore Drive. Its tall curved three wing 'Y' shape inspired the Chicago-born architect Adrian Smith in the conception of the Burj Khalifa. The architects for Lake Point Tower were John Heinrich and George Schipporeit, working under the firm name of Schipporeit and Heinrich; the two were students of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the best known architects of the Bauhaus movement and International Style school, who taught at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. Lake Point Tower was completed in 1968, is approximately tall, and was the tallest apartment building in the world at that time. The project developer was William F. Hartnett, Jr., chairman and founder of Hartnett-Shaw Development Company, which was responsible for more than 260 residential and commercial real estate developments in the United States from 1961\u20131983. Lake Point Tower was inspired by Mies van der Rohe\u2019s 1922 design for a glass-curtained skyscraper in Berlin. Schipporeit and Heinrich took van der Rohe's unbuilt office building concept and converted it to a residential building. Despite differences \u2014 Lake Point Tower is much taller than van der Rohe\u2019s original project, more regular in form, and its exterior glass curtain wall is tinted \u2014 many consider it a Mies van der Rohe building executed by two of his prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.", "S. R. Crown Hall S. R. Crown Hall, designed by the German-American Modernist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, is the home of the College of Architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, Illinois. Mies van der Rohe designed several dozen buildings for the southern side Illinois Institute of Technology. Most of these structures employ a brick and glass infill system within an exposed steel frame. When he was given the opportunity to design Crown Hall in 1950, Mies deviated from the norm and built a totally different structure which no one had seen before. Widely regarded as one of Mies van der Rohe's masterpieces, Crown Hall, completed in 1956, is one of the most architecturally significant buildings of the 20th century Modernist movement. Crown Hall is considered architecturally significant because Mies van der Rohe refined the basic steel and glass construction style, beautifully capturing simplicity and openness for endless new uses. Creating this openness was achieved by the building having a suspended roof, without the need for interior columns. This created a universal space that could be endlessly adapted to new uses. Typically, older buildings up to 1956 had columns to support the roof from caving in, but Crown Hall does not require them. While designing Crown Hall, Mies stayed true to his famous words, \"less is more\" and he considered the building to be the best embodiment of the maxim. At the time of being built, the idea of providing a single large room for the school of architecture and city planning's 300 students was to be particularly workable, and for the student to not be isolated from others who may be further or less advanced in the course then he/she. Although, shortly after being built, Architects began to question the relevancy of Mie\u2019s work.", "Haus Lange and Haus Esters Haus Lange and Haus Esters are two residential houses designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Krefeld, Germany for German industrialists Hermann Lange and Josef Esters. They were built between 1928 and 1930 in the Bauhaus style. The houses have now been converted into museums for Contemporary art. Hermann Lange and Josef Esters established in 1920 the \"Vereinigte Seidenwebereien AG\" (United Silk Weaving Mills Company), or Verseidag. Verseidag commissioned at the end of 1930 to Ludwig Mies van der Rohe the realisation of an office and warehouse building in the Verseidag factory buildings in Krefeld. The so-called Verseidag F\u00e4rberei and HE building were completed in 1931. In 1927, Josef Esters and Hermann Lange commissioned the design of two adjoining houses to the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The two houses were built between 1928 and 1930 in the Bauhaus style. They are not identical, but very similar in their geometric appearance and the use of backed brick as a building material. Closed on the street side, both have high windows that open onto a landscaped garden. The gardens alternate grassed areas, paths and flowerbeds according to geometric principles that evoke the continuity of interior and exterior spaces. In 1955, the heir of Hermann Lange decided to present his father's collections in the Lange House and organized contemporary art exhibitions before donating them to the City of Krefeld in 1968. Ten years later, in 1978, the Haus Esters was in turn sold to the City of Krefeld. Transformed into museums of contemporary art, the two houses have since then formed, together with the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum, the Kunstmuseen Krefeld (Krefeld Art Museums).", "The campus, roughly bounded between 31st and 35th streets, Michigan Avenue and the Dan Ryan Expressway, was designed by modernist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, \"one of the great figures of 20th-century architecture\", who chaired the IIT School of Architecture from 1938 to 1958. Van der Rohe's master plan for the IIT campus was one of the most ambitious projects he ever conceived and the campus, with twenty of his works, is the greatest concentration of his buildings in the world. The layout of the campus departs radically from \"traditional college quadrangles and limestone buildings\". The materials are inspired by the factories and warehouses of Chicago's South Side and \"embod[y] 20th century methods and materials: steel and concrete frames with curtain walls of brick and glass. \" The campus was landscaped by van der Rohe's close colleague at IIT, Alfred Caldwell, \"the last representative of the Prairie School of landscape architects. \" Known as \"the nature poet\", Caldwell's plan reinforced van der Rohe's design with \"landscaping planted in a free-flowing manner, which in its interaction with the pristine qualities of the architecture, introduce[d] a poetic aspect.\" On the west side of Main Campus are three red brick buildings that were original to Armour Institute, built between 1891 and 1901. In 1938, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe began his 20-year tenure as director of IIT's School of Architecture (1938\u20131959). The university was on the verge of building a brand new campus, to be one of the nation's first federally funded urban renewal projects. Mies was given carte blanche in the large commission, and the university grew fast enough during and after World War II to allow much of the new plan to be realized.", "Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela's Industrial Buildings The Bacardi buildings of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela can be found in Mexico City, Mexico. This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on November 20, 2001 in the Cultural category. Originally constructed between 1958 and 1961, Felix Candela and Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe designed the corporate office building, and also designed bottling plant and ageing cellars of Bacardi & Co. They thus comprise a single architectural group. The two-story rectangular Office Building's dimensions are 56 m by 27 m, and it was constructed in a parallel fashion to the main highway from Mexico City to Quer\u00e9taro. Felix Candela designed the buildings to incorporate large concrete shells: \"long barrell vaults\" and umbrella domes at the warehouses and workshops. These materials allowed for above average illumination indoors, and along with overall design, it created a unique architectural collection."], "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#2", "question": "When was the house designed and built?", "rewrite": "When was the Farnsworth House designed and built?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Farnsworth House (North Bridgton, Maine) The Farnsworth House is a historic house on Maine State Route 117 in North Bridgton, Maine. Built in 1825 for a local doctor, it is a particularly sophisticated example of Federal period architecture for a remote inland setting, featuring well-preserved interior woodwork. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The Farnsworth House is set on the west side of SR 117, between the Lakewood Pines Campground and the road's junction with North Bridgton Road. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, end chimneys, clapboard siding, and stone foundation. The main (east-facing) facade is symmetrically arranged, with a wide central bay housing the main entrance, which is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight. A single-story porch extends across the southern facade, supported by Doric columns; it has been partially enclosed. An ell extends to the building rear, joining it to a carriage house. The interior of the house has extremely high-quality delicate Federal period woodwork, including wall paneling, fireplace mantels, crown molding, and a front stairway with paired newel posts. The house was built in 1825 for Dr. Samuel Farnsworth, Jr. Despite its relatively remote location, the house exhibits interior Federal period woodwork that is comparable to that found in Maine's coastal communities in greater concentration.", "Samuel Farnsworth House The Samuel Farnsworth House is a historic house at 537 Mountain Road in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Probably built about 1797, it is one of West Hartford's few surviving 18th-century buildings, and a particularly rare example of a small vernacular single-story cottage. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986. The Samuel Farnsworth House is located in northwestern West Hartford, on the west side of Mountain Road, a busy local north-south main road. It is set on a rise above the road, the lot fronted by a dry-laid brownstone retaining wall. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure with a front gable roof and central brick chimney. Its front facade is three bays wide, with two windows placed asymmetrically on either side of the entrance, which is slightly off-center. The rear roof face has a flare, extending the building to the rear, and there is a secondary entrance on the south side. Trim is limited to simple corner boards. Although the house is placarded 1807, it was probably built in 1797 by Samuel Farnsworth, and is one of the only two-room cottages from the period to survive. The land was acquired by Samuel Farnsworth in 1790 from his father-in-law, Morgan Goodwin. He sold it in 1797, with dwelling and other outbuildings, to Titus Goodwin. The house remained in the Goodwin family for many years.", "Farnsworth House The Farnsworth House was designed and constructed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951. It is a one-room weekend retreat in what then was a rural setting, located 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Chicago's downtown, on a 60-acre (24 ha) estate site adjoining the Fox River, south of the city of Plano, Illinois. The steel and glass house was commissioned by Edith Farnsworth, M.D., a prominent Chicago nephrologist, as a place where she could engage in her hobbies\u2014playing the violin, translating poetry, and enjoying nature. Mies created a 1,500-square-foot (140 m) structure that is widely recognized as an example of International Style of architecture. The retreat was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, after being listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Currently, the house is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the historic preservation group, National Trust for Historic Preservation. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Farnsworth House was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by \"USA Today Travel\" magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was retained by Dr. Edith Farnsworth to design a weekend retreat during a dinner party in 1945. The wealthy client wanted to build a very special work of modern architecture, however, toward the end of construction, a dispute arose between architect and client that interfered with its completion by the architect. Farnsworth had purchased the riverfront property from the publisher of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Robert R. McCormick.", "Under the direction of Professor Frank Flury, students of the Illinois Institute of Technology designed and constructed the Barnsworth Gallery to house the wardrobe and serve as an exhibition space. The building design received accolades in the architectural press, resulting in swarms of uninvited visitors trespassing on the property to glimpse this latest Mies building. As a result of the accusations contained in Edith Farnsworth's lawsuit, the house soon became a prop in the larger national social conflicts of the McCarthy era. The weekend house became a lightning rod for anti-modernist publications, exemplified in the April 1953 issue of \"House Beautiful\", which attacked it as a \"communist-inspired effort\" to supplant traditional American styles. Large areas of glass wall, flat roofs, purging of ornament, and a perceived lack of traditional warmth and coziness were characteristics of the International Style that were particular talking points of attack. The poor energy efficiency of the Farnsworth House has been widely discussed as well. Nonetheless, the Farnsworth House has continued to receive wide critical acclaim as a masterpiece of the modernist style, and Mies went on to receive the presidential Medal of Freedom for his contribution to American architecture and culture. Prominent architect and critic, Philip Johnson, was inspired by the design, designing and building his own Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut in 1947 as his personal residence. In the twenty-first century, Pulitzer Prize-winning architectural critics Paul Goldberger and Blair Kamin have both declared the house a masterpiece of modern architecture. Its timeless quality is reflected by the reverent fascination in the minimalist house shown by a new generation of design professionals and enthusiasts. In 2016, the movie, \"\", featured a house modelled after the Farnsworth House.", "Farnsworth House was created to display nature in a simple and pure form. One of the many features of the immediate site was a large Black Maple tree, which was integral for the placement and orientation of the house on the site. Incidentally, the same species of tree, which also is quite abundant in the state park to the south, was among the reasons for the land in the immediate vicinity of the house being designated as a state park in the 1960s. Due to disease and old age, the tree died in the early 2000s and subsequently, was removed, as most of the trunk of the tree remained and was being held in place through cables and bracing. The house's close proximity to the tree, some ten feet, led to a feeling of oneness with nature, which was integral to the design aesthetic that Mies sought in designing the house. Due to the Farnsworth House's location in the Fox River floodplain, the site often experiences low-level flooding. Despite the precautions taken in the design, waters have risen substantially inside of the structure multiple times in excess of FEMA 500-year flood levels. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has been developing a flood mitigation plan to deal with the ongoing threat to the structure posed by the river. It was announced in 2011 that the Illinois Institute of Technology was going to build a permanent exhibition space for the wardrobe that Edith Farnsworth commissioned for the Farnsworth House. The wardrobe was extensively damaged in the 1996, 1997, and 2008 floods, with its large size rendering any possible evacuation attempt costly and difficult. In an attempt to protect the wardrobe, curators of the Farnsworth House decided to have the wardrobe put on permanent display near the visitor center on the site, which is well above the 500-year flood plain."], "answer": {"text": "Between 1946 and 1951,", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he involved with the house?", "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#3", "question": "What else can you tell me about Mies during this time period?", "rewrite": "What else can you tell me about Ludwig Mies 1946-1951 period other than Farnsworth House design. ?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Farnsworth House (disambiguation) The Farnsworth House is a Ludwig Mies van der Rohe-designed house in Plano, Illinois, US. Farnsworth House also may refer to:", "The building created such a stir that at one point a police officer was posted nearby to keep out trespassers, and Johnson put up a sign near the street, stating: \" This House Is \"Now Occupied\" Please Respect the Privacy of the Owner. It will be Open to the Public \"on specified days\"\". \" New York Times\" architecture critic Nicolai Ouroussoff wrote in 2007 that Glass House was \"once one of the most famous houses in the United States. [...] [I]ts celebrity may have done more to make Modernism palatable to the country's social elites than any other structure of the 20th century.\" The home also created a stir for Mies van der Rohe, who \"stormed out in a huff when he saw it\", Ouroussoff wrote. Obviously derived from Mies's Farnsworth House, the fact that it was finished earlier could easily have made the German architect wonder whether others would get the impression that Johnson had instead done pioneering work for Mies, and it could be seen that \"Johnson's vision lacked the intellectual rigor and exquisite detailing that were so critical to Mies's genius\", according to Ouroussoff. As a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, Johnson had publicized Mies' work, and the American acknowledged his debt to the German architect, particularly in a 1950 interview in \"Architectural Digest\" magazine. Even though Johnson's building was completed a year before Mies's glass house, Johnson's building \"was universally viewed as having been derived from it\", according to Alice T. Friedman. Johnson curated an exhibit of Mies work at the Museum of Modern Art in 1947, featuring a model of the glass Farnsworth House.", "Farnsworth House The Farnsworth House was designed and constructed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951. It is a one-room weekend retreat in what then was a rural setting, located 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Chicago's downtown, on a 60-acre (24 ha) estate site adjoining the Fox River, south of the city of Plano, Illinois. The steel and glass house was commissioned by Edith Farnsworth, M.D., a prominent Chicago nephrologist, as a place where she could engage in her hobbies\u2014playing the violin, translating poetry, and enjoying nature. Mies created a 1,500-square-foot (140 m) structure that is widely recognized as an example of International Style of architecture. The retreat was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, after being listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Currently, the house is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the historic preservation group, National Trust for Historic Preservation. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Farnsworth House was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by \"USA Today Travel\" magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was retained by Dr. Edith Farnsworth to design a weekend retreat during a dinner party in 1945. The wealthy client wanted to build a very special work of modern architecture, however, toward the end of construction, a dispute arose between architect and client that interfered with its completion by the architect. Farnsworth had purchased the riverfront property from the publisher of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Robert R. McCormick.", "Under the direction of Professor Frank Flury, students of the Illinois Institute of Technology designed and constructed the Barnsworth Gallery to house the wardrobe and serve as an exhibition space. The building design received accolades in the architectural press, resulting in swarms of uninvited visitors trespassing on the property to glimpse this latest Mies building. As a result of the accusations contained in Edith Farnsworth's lawsuit, the house soon became a prop in the larger national social conflicts of the McCarthy era. The weekend house became a lightning rod for anti-modernist publications, exemplified in the April 1953 issue of \"House Beautiful\", which attacked it as a \"communist-inspired effort\" to supplant traditional American styles. Large areas of glass wall, flat roofs, purging of ornament, and a perceived lack of traditional warmth and coziness were characteristics of the International Style that were particular talking points of attack. The poor energy efficiency of the Farnsworth House has been widely discussed as well. Nonetheless, the Farnsworth House has continued to receive wide critical acclaim as a masterpiece of the modernist style, and Mies went on to receive the presidential Medal of Freedom for his contribution to American architecture and culture. Prominent architect and critic, Philip Johnson, was inspired by the design, designing and building his own Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut in 1947 as his personal residence. In the twenty-first century, Pulitzer Prize-winning architectural critics Paul Goldberger and Blair Kamin have both declared the house a masterpiece of modern architecture. Its timeless quality is reflected by the reverent fascination in the minimalist house shown by a new generation of design professionals and enthusiasts. In 2016, the movie, \"\", featured a house modelled after the Farnsworth House.", "Promontory Apartments The Promontory Apartments is a 22-story skyscraper in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois, United States designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. It was the first skyscraper Mies designed and was the first of his buildings to feature concepts such as an exposed skeleton. The cooperative building overlooking Burnham Park has 122 units. In 1946, real estate developer Herbert Greenwald decided to build a new cooperative housing high-rise in Hyde Park, Chicago, Illinois. Although the area had several tall apartment buildings, this would be the first such building since the Great Depression. Greenwald discussed options with his neighbor, Charles B. Genther, an architect with Pace Associates. Greenwald sought the notoriety that a big-name architect would bring to the project. He first contacted Frank Lloyd Wright, who offered to design the building for an advance payment of $50,000. Greenwald did not have enough money on hand to pay the architect, so he looked for other options. He contacted Le Corbusier, but the architect replied with a message stating that he would not design buildings in the United States. Eero Saarinen also rejected the commission. Finally, he offered the project to Walter Gropius in Boston, who rejected the commission as it was too far away from his main offices. Gropius suggested that Greenwald instead turn to Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who had offices in Chicago. Genther had previously studied under Mies at the Illinois Institute of Technology. He suggested that Mies become involved with the design of the project. Mies was one of the most prominent architects of the time, but had never designed a high-rise structure. The project was named the \"Promontory Apartments\" because the proposed site overlooked Promontory Point in Burnham Park. After a general floor plan had been suggested, Mies developed a design of the building."], "answer": {"text": "Mies explored the relationship between people, shelter, and nature.", "answer_start": 183}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he involved with the house?", "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the house designed and built?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1946 and 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#4", "question": "Where did he get his education?", "rewrite": "Where did Ludwig Mies van der Rohe get his education?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lake Point Tower Lake Point Tower is a high-rise residential building located on a promontory of the Lake Michigan lakefront in downtown Chicago, just north of the Chicago River at 505 North Lake Shore Drive. It is located in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. It rises somewhat apart from the urban cluster of downtown Chicago. Located adjacent to Navy Pier, the building is the only skyscraper in downtown Chicago east of Lake Shore Drive. Its tall curved three wing 'Y' shape inspired the Chicago-born architect Adrian Smith in the conception of the Burj Khalifa. The architects for Lake Point Tower were John Heinrich and George Schipporeit, working under the firm name of Schipporeit and Heinrich; the two were students of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the best known architects of the Bauhaus movement and International Style school, who taught at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. Lake Point Tower was completed in 1968, is approximately tall, and was the tallest apartment building in the world at that time. The project developer was William F. Hartnett, Jr., chairman and founder of Hartnett-Shaw Development Company, which was responsible for more than 260 residential and commercial real estate developments in the United States from 1961\u20131983. Lake Point Tower was inspired by Mies van der Rohe\u2019s 1922 design for a glass-curtained skyscraper in Berlin. Schipporeit and Heinrich took van der Rohe's unbuilt office building concept and converted it to a residential building. Despite differences \u2014 Lake Point Tower is much taller than van der Rohe\u2019s original project, more regular in form, and its exterior glass curtain wall is tinted \u2014 many consider it a Mies van der Rohe building executed by two of his prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.", "The campus, roughly bounded between 31st and 35th streets, Michigan Avenue and the Dan Ryan Expressway, was designed by modernist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, \"one of the great figures of 20th-century architecture\", who chaired the IIT School of Architecture from 1938 to 1958. Van der Rohe's master plan for the IIT campus was one of the most ambitious projects he ever conceived and the campus, with twenty of his works, is the greatest concentration of his buildings in the world. The layout of the campus departs radically from \"traditional college quadrangles and limestone buildings\". The materials are inspired by the factories and warehouses of Chicago's South Side and \"embod[y] 20th century methods and materials: steel and concrete frames with curtain walls of brick and glass. \" The campus was landscaped by van der Rohe's close colleague at IIT, Alfred Caldwell, \"the last representative of the Prairie School of landscape architects. \" Known as \"the nature poet\", Caldwell's plan reinforced van der Rohe's design with \"landscaping planted in a free-flowing manner, which in its interaction with the pristine qualities of the architecture, introduce[d] a poetic aspect.\" On the west side of Main Campus are three red brick buildings that were original to Armour Institute, built between 1891 and 1901. In 1938, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe began his 20-year tenure as director of IIT's School of Architecture (1938\u20131959). The university was on the verge of building a brand new campus, to be one of the nation's first federally funded urban renewal projects. Mies was given carte blanche in the large commission, and the university grew fast enough during and after World War II to allow much of the new plan to be realized.", "S. R. Crown Hall S. R. Crown Hall, designed by the German-American Modernist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, is the home of the College of Architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, Illinois. Mies van der Rohe designed several dozen buildings for the southern side Illinois Institute of Technology. Most of these structures employ a brick and glass infill system within an exposed steel frame. When he was given the opportunity to design Crown Hall in 1950, Mies deviated from the norm and built a totally different structure which no one had seen before. Widely regarded as one of Mies van der Rohe's masterpieces, Crown Hall, completed in 1956, is one of the most architecturally significant buildings of the 20th century Modernist movement. Crown Hall is considered architecturally significant because Mies van der Rohe refined the basic steel and glass construction style, beautifully capturing simplicity and openness for endless new uses. Creating this openness was achieved by the building having a suspended roof, without the need for interior columns. This created a universal space that could be endlessly adapted to new uses. Typically, older buildings up to 1956 had columns to support the roof from caving in, but Crown Hall does not require them. While designing Crown Hall, Mies stayed true to his famous words, \"less is more\" and he considered the building to be the best embodiment of the maxim. At the time of being built, the idea of providing a single large room for the school of architecture and city planning's 300 students was to be particularly workable, and for the student to not be isolated from others who may be further or less advanced in the course then he/she. Although, shortly after being built, Architects began to question the relevancy of Mie\u2019s work.", "Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela's Industrial Buildings The Bacardi buildings of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela can be found in Mexico City, Mexico. This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on November 20, 2001 in the Cultural category. Originally constructed between 1958 and 1961, Felix Candela and Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe designed the corporate office building, and also designed bottling plant and ageing cellars of Bacardi & Co. They thus comprise a single architectural group. The two-story rectangular Office Building's dimensions are 56 m by 27 m, and it was constructed in a parallel fashion to the main highway from Mexico City to Quer\u00e9taro. Felix Candela designed the buildings to incorporate large concrete shells: \"long barrell vaults\" and umbrella domes at the warehouses and workshops. These materials allowed for above average illumination indoors, and along with overall design, it created a unique architectural collection.", "Haus Lange and Haus Esters Haus Lange and Haus Esters are two residential houses designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Krefeld, Germany for German industrialists Hermann Lange and Josef Esters. They were built between 1928 and 1930 in the Bauhaus style. The houses have now been converted into museums for Contemporary art. Hermann Lange and Josef Esters established in 1920 the \"Vereinigte Seidenwebereien AG\" (United Silk Weaving Mills Company), or Verseidag. Verseidag commissioned at the end of 1930 to Ludwig Mies van der Rohe the realisation of an office and warehouse building in the Verseidag factory buildings in Krefeld. The so-called Verseidag F\u00e4rberei and HE building were completed in 1931. In 1927, Josef Esters and Hermann Lange commissioned the design of two adjoining houses to the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The two houses were built between 1928 and 1930 in the Bauhaus style. They are not identical, but very similar in their geometric appearance and the use of backed brick as a building material. Closed on the street side, both have high windows that open onto a landscaped garden. The gardens alternate grassed areas, paths and flowerbeds according to geometric principles that evoke the continuity of interior and exterior spaces. In 1955, the heir of Hermann Lange decided to present his father's collections in the Lange House and organized contemporary art exhibitions before donating them to the City of Krefeld in 1968. Ten years later, in 1978, the Haus Esters was in turn sold to the City of Krefeld. Transformed into museums of contemporary art, the two houses have since then formed, together with the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum, the Kunstmuseen Krefeld (Krefeld Art Museums)."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he involved with the house?", "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the house designed and built?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1946 and 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about Mies during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "Mies explored the relationship between people, shelter, and nature.", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#5", "question": "What got him interested in architecture?", "rewrite": "What got Ludwig Mies van der Rohe interested in architecture?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Lake Point Tower Lake Point Tower is a high-rise residential building located on a promontory of the Lake Michigan lakefront in downtown Chicago, just north of the Chicago River at 505 North Lake Shore Drive. It is located in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. It rises somewhat apart from the urban cluster of downtown Chicago. Located adjacent to Navy Pier, the building is the only skyscraper in downtown Chicago east of Lake Shore Drive. Its tall curved three wing 'Y' shape inspired the Chicago-born architect Adrian Smith in the conception of the Burj Khalifa. The architects for Lake Point Tower were John Heinrich and George Schipporeit, working under the firm name of Schipporeit and Heinrich; the two were students of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the best known architects of the Bauhaus movement and International Style school, who taught at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. Lake Point Tower was completed in 1968, is approximately tall, and was the tallest apartment building in the world at that time. The project developer was William F. Hartnett, Jr., chairman and founder of Hartnett-Shaw Development Company, which was responsible for more than 260 residential and commercial real estate developments in the United States from 1961\u20131983. Lake Point Tower was inspired by Mies van der Rohe\u2019s 1922 design for a glass-curtained skyscraper in Berlin. Schipporeit and Heinrich took van der Rohe's unbuilt office building concept and converted it to a residential building. Despite differences \u2014 Lake Point Tower is much taller than van der Rohe\u2019s original project, more regular in form, and its exterior glass curtain wall is tinted \u2014 many consider it a Mies van der Rohe building executed by two of his prot\u00e9g\u00e9s.", "Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela's Industrial Buildings The Bacardi buildings of Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe and Felix Candela can be found in Mexico City, Mexico. This site was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Tentative List on November 20, 2001 in the Cultural category. Originally constructed between 1958 and 1961, Felix Candela and Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe designed the corporate office building, and also designed bottling plant and ageing cellars of Bacardi & Co. They thus comprise a single architectural group. The two-story rectangular Office Building's dimensions are 56 m by 27 m, and it was constructed in a parallel fashion to the main highway from Mexico City to Quer\u00e9taro. Felix Candela designed the buildings to incorporate large concrete shells: \"long barrell vaults\" and umbrella domes at the warehouses and workshops. These materials allowed for above average illumination indoors, and along with overall design, it created a unique architectural collection.", "S. R. Crown Hall S. R. Crown Hall, designed by the German-American Modernist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, is the home of the College of Architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago, Illinois. Mies van der Rohe designed several dozen buildings for the southern side Illinois Institute of Technology. Most of these structures employ a brick and glass infill system within an exposed steel frame. When he was given the opportunity to design Crown Hall in 1950, Mies deviated from the norm and built a totally different structure which no one had seen before. Widely regarded as one of Mies van der Rohe's masterpieces, Crown Hall, completed in 1956, is one of the most architecturally significant buildings of the 20th century Modernist movement. Crown Hall is considered architecturally significant because Mies van der Rohe refined the basic steel and glass construction style, beautifully capturing simplicity and openness for endless new uses. Creating this openness was achieved by the building having a suspended roof, without the need for interior columns. This created a universal space that could be endlessly adapted to new uses. Typically, older buildings up to 1956 had columns to support the roof from caving in, but Crown Hall does not require them. While designing Crown Hall, Mies stayed true to his famous words, \"less is more\" and he considered the building to be the best embodiment of the maxim. At the time of being built, the idea of providing a single large room for the school of architecture and city planning's 300 students was to be particularly workable, and for the student to not be isolated from others who may be further or less advanced in the course then he/she. Although, shortly after being built, Architects began to question the relevancy of Mie\u2019s work.", "Haus Lange and Haus Esters Haus Lange and Haus Esters are two residential houses designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in Krefeld, Germany for German industrialists Hermann Lange and Josef Esters. They were built between 1928 and 1930 in the Bauhaus style. The houses have now been converted into museums for Contemporary art. Hermann Lange and Josef Esters established in 1920 the \"Vereinigte Seidenwebereien AG\" (United Silk Weaving Mills Company), or Verseidag. Verseidag commissioned at the end of 1930 to Ludwig Mies van der Rohe the realisation of an office and warehouse building in the Verseidag factory buildings in Krefeld. The so-called Verseidag F\u00e4rberei and HE building were completed in 1931. In 1927, Josef Esters and Hermann Lange commissioned the design of two adjoining houses to the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The two houses were built between 1928 and 1930 in the Bauhaus style. They are not identical, but very similar in their geometric appearance and the use of backed brick as a building material. Closed on the street side, both have high windows that open onto a landscaped garden. The gardens alternate grassed areas, paths and flowerbeds according to geometric principles that evoke the continuity of interior and exterior spaces. In 1955, the heir of Hermann Lange decided to present his father's collections in the Lange House and organized contemporary art exhibitions before donating them to the City of Krefeld in 1968. Ten years later, in 1978, the Haus Esters was in turn sold to the City of Krefeld. Transformed into museums of contemporary art, the two houses have since then formed, together with the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum, the Kunstmuseen Krefeld (Krefeld Art Museums).", "The campus, roughly bounded between 31st and 35th streets, Michigan Avenue and the Dan Ryan Expressway, was designed by modernist architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, \"one of the great figures of 20th-century architecture\", who chaired the IIT School of Architecture from 1938 to 1958. Van der Rohe's master plan for the IIT campus was one of the most ambitious projects he ever conceived and the campus, with twenty of his works, is the greatest concentration of his buildings in the world. The layout of the campus departs radically from \"traditional college quadrangles and limestone buildings\". The materials are inspired by the factories and warehouses of Chicago's South Side and \"embod[y] 20th century methods and materials: steel and concrete frames with curtain walls of brick and glass. \" The campus was landscaped by van der Rohe's close colleague at IIT, Alfred Caldwell, \"the last representative of the Prairie School of landscape architects. \" Known as \"the nature poet\", Caldwell's plan reinforced van der Rohe's design with \"landscaping planted in a free-flowing manner, which in its interaction with the pristine qualities of the architecture, introduce[d] a poetic aspect.\" On the west side of Main Campus are three red brick buildings that were original to Armour Institute, built between 1891 and 1901. In 1938, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe began his 20-year tenure as director of IIT's School of Architecture (1938\u20131959). The university was on the verge of building a brand new campus, to be one of the nation's first federally funded urban renewal projects. Mies was given carte blanche in the large commission, and the university grew fast enough during and after World War II to allow much of the new plan to be realized."], "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he involved with the house?", "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the house designed and built?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1946 and 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about Mies during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "Mies explored the relationship between people, shelter, and nature.", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he get his education?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#6", "question": "Did he receive any awards, honors or recognition for the Farnsworth House?", "rewrite": "Did Ludwig Mies receive any awards, honors or recognition for the Farnsworth House?", "followup": "n", "yesno": "y", "evidences": ["The building created such a stir that at one point a police officer was posted nearby to keep out trespassers, and Johnson put up a sign near the street, stating: \" This House Is \"Now Occupied\" Please Respect the Privacy of the Owner. It will be Open to the Public \"on specified days\"\". \" New York Times\" architecture critic Nicolai Ouroussoff wrote in 2007 that Glass House was \"once one of the most famous houses in the United States. [...] [I]ts celebrity may have done more to make Modernism palatable to the country's social elites than any other structure of the 20th century.\" The home also created a stir for Mies van der Rohe, who \"stormed out in a huff when he saw it\", Ouroussoff wrote. Obviously derived from Mies's Farnsworth House, the fact that it was finished earlier could easily have made the German architect wonder whether others would get the impression that Johnson had instead done pioneering work for Mies, and it could be seen that \"Johnson's vision lacked the intellectual rigor and exquisite detailing that were so critical to Mies's genius\", according to Ouroussoff. As a curator at the Museum of Modern Art, Johnson had publicized Mies' work, and the American acknowledged his debt to the German architect, particularly in a 1950 interview in \"Architectural Digest\" magazine. Even though Johnson's building was completed a year before Mies's glass house, Johnson's building \"was universally viewed as having been derived from it\", according to Alice T. Friedman. Johnson curated an exhibit of Mies work at the Museum of Modern Art in 1947, featuring a model of the glass Farnsworth House.", "Farnsworth House was created to display nature in a simple and pure form. One of the many features of the immediate site was a large Black Maple tree, which was integral for the placement and orientation of the house on the site. Incidentally, the same species of tree, which also is quite abundant in the state park to the south, was among the reasons for the land in the immediate vicinity of the house being designated as a state park in the 1960s. Due to disease and old age, the tree died in the early 2000s and subsequently, was removed, as most of the trunk of the tree remained and was being held in place through cables and bracing. The house's close proximity to the tree, some ten feet, led to a feeling of oneness with nature, which was integral to the design aesthetic that Mies sought in designing the house. Due to the Farnsworth House's location in the Fox River floodplain, the site often experiences low-level flooding. Despite the precautions taken in the design, waters have risen substantially inside of the structure multiple times in excess of FEMA 500-year flood levels. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has been developing a flood mitigation plan to deal with the ongoing threat to the structure posed by the river. It was announced in 2011 that the Illinois Institute of Technology was going to build a permanent exhibition space for the wardrobe that Edith Farnsworth commissioned for the Farnsworth House. The wardrobe was extensively damaged in the 1996, 1997, and 2008 floods, with its large size rendering any possible evacuation attempt costly and difficult. In an attempt to protect the wardrobe, curators of the Farnsworth House decided to have the wardrobe put on permanent display near the visitor center on the site, which is well above the 500-year flood plain.", "Farnsworth House (disambiguation) The Farnsworth House is a Ludwig Mies van der Rohe-designed house in Plano, Illinois, US. Farnsworth House also may refer to:", "Under the direction of Professor Frank Flury, students of the Illinois Institute of Technology designed and constructed the Barnsworth Gallery to house the wardrobe and serve as an exhibition space. The building design received accolades in the architectural press, resulting in swarms of uninvited visitors trespassing on the property to glimpse this latest Mies building. As a result of the accusations contained in Edith Farnsworth's lawsuit, the house soon became a prop in the larger national social conflicts of the McCarthy era. The weekend house became a lightning rod for anti-modernist publications, exemplified in the April 1953 issue of \"House Beautiful\", which attacked it as a \"communist-inspired effort\" to supplant traditional American styles. Large areas of glass wall, flat roofs, purging of ornament, and a perceived lack of traditional warmth and coziness were characteristics of the International Style that were particular talking points of attack. The poor energy efficiency of the Farnsworth House has been widely discussed as well. Nonetheless, the Farnsworth House has continued to receive wide critical acclaim as a masterpiece of the modernist style, and Mies went on to receive the presidential Medal of Freedom for his contribution to American architecture and culture. Prominent architect and critic, Philip Johnson, was inspired by the design, designing and building his own Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut in 1947 as his personal residence. In the twenty-first century, Pulitzer Prize-winning architectural critics Paul Goldberger and Blair Kamin have both declared the house a masterpiece of modern architecture. Its timeless quality is reflected by the reverent fascination in the minimalist house shown by a new generation of design professionals and enthusiasts. In 2016, the movie, \"\", featured a house modelled after the Farnsworth House.", "Farnsworth House The Farnsworth House was designed and constructed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951. It is a one-room weekend retreat in what then was a rural setting, located 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Chicago's downtown, on a 60-acre (24 ha) estate site adjoining the Fox River, south of the city of Plano, Illinois. The steel and glass house was commissioned by Edith Farnsworth, M.D., a prominent Chicago nephrologist, as a place where she could engage in her hobbies\u2014playing the violin, translating poetry, and enjoying nature. Mies created a 1,500-square-foot (140 m) structure that is widely recognized as an example of International Style of architecture. The retreat was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, after being listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Currently, the house is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the historic preservation group, National Trust for Historic Preservation. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Farnsworth House was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by \"USA Today Travel\" magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was retained by Dr. Edith Farnsworth to design a weekend retreat during a dinner party in 1945. The wealthy client wanted to build a very special work of modern architecture, however, toward the end of construction, a dispute arose between architect and client that interfered with its completion by the architect. Farnsworth had purchased the riverfront property from the publisher of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Robert R. McCormick."], "answer": {"text": "The Farnsworth House and its 60-acre (240,000 m2) wooded site was purchased at auction for US$7.5 million by preservation groups in 2004", "answer_start": 1042}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he involved with the house?", "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the house designed and built?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1946 and 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about Mies during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "Mies explored the relationship between people, shelter, and nature.", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he get his education?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What got him interested in architecture?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#7", "question": "What is the house used for today?", "rewrite": "What is Farnsworth House used for today?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Farnsworth House (North Bridgton, Maine) The Farnsworth House is a historic house on Maine State Route 117 in North Bridgton, Maine. Built in 1825 for a local doctor, it is a particularly sophisticated example of Federal period architecture for a remote inland setting, featuring well-preserved interior woodwork. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The Farnsworth House is set on the west side of SR 117, between the Lakewood Pines Campground and the road's junction with North Bridgton Road. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, end chimneys, clapboard siding, and stone foundation. The main (east-facing) facade is symmetrically arranged, with a wide central bay housing the main entrance, which is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a fanlight. A single-story porch extends across the southern facade, supported by Doric columns; it has been partially enclosed. An ell extends to the building rear, joining it to a carriage house. The interior of the house has extremely high-quality delicate Federal period woodwork, including wall paneling, fireplace mantels, crown molding, and a front stairway with paired newel posts. The house was built in 1825 for Dr. Samuel Farnsworth, Jr. Despite its relatively remote location, the house exhibits interior Federal period woodwork that is comparable to that found in Maine's coastal communities in greater concentration.", "Farnsworth House was created to display nature in a simple and pure form. One of the many features of the immediate site was a large Black Maple tree, which was integral for the placement and orientation of the house on the site. Incidentally, the same species of tree, which also is quite abundant in the state park to the south, was among the reasons for the land in the immediate vicinity of the house being designated as a state park in the 1960s. Due to disease and old age, the tree died in the early 2000s and subsequently, was removed, as most of the trunk of the tree remained and was being held in place through cables and bracing. The house's close proximity to the tree, some ten feet, led to a feeling of oneness with nature, which was integral to the design aesthetic that Mies sought in designing the house. Due to the Farnsworth House's location in the Fox River floodplain, the site often experiences low-level flooding. Despite the precautions taken in the design, waters have risen substantially inside of the structure multiple times in excess of FEMA 500-year flood levels. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has been developing a flood mitigation plan to deal with the ongoing threat to the structure posed by the river. It was announced in 2011 that the Illinois Institute of Technology was going to build a permanent exhibition space for the wardrobe that Edith Farnsworth commissioned for the Farnsworth House. The wardrobe was extensively damaged in the 1996, 1997, and 2008 floods, with its large size rendering any possible evacuation attempt costly and difficult. In an attempt to protect the wardrobe, curators of the Farnsworth House decided to have the wardrobe put on permanent display near the visitor center on the site, which is well above the 500-year flood plain.", "Samuel Farnsworth House The Samuel Farnsworth House is a historic house at 537 Mountain Road in West Hartford, Connecticut, United States. Probably built about 1797, it is one of West Hartford's few surviving 18th-century buildings, and a particularly rare example of a small vernacular single-story cottage. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1986. The Samuel Farnsworth House is located in northwestern West Hartford, on the west side of Mountain Road, a busy local north-south main road. It is set on a rise above the road, the lot fronted by a dry-laid brownstone retaining wall. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure with a front gable roof and central brick chimney. Its front facade is three bays wide, with two windows placed asymmetrically on either side of the entrance, which is slightly off-center. The rear roof face has a flare, extending the building to the rear, and there is a secondary entrance on the south side. Trim is limited to simple corner boards. Although the house is placarded 1807, it was probably built in 1797 by Samuel Farnsworth, and is one of the only two-room cottages from the period to survive. The land was acquired by Samuel Farnsworth in 1790 from his father-in-law, Morgan Goodwin. He sold it in 1797, with dwelling and other outbuildings, to Titus Goodwin. The house remained in the Goodwin family for many years.", "Under the direction of Professor Frank Flury, students of the Illinois Institute of Technology designed and constructed the Barnsworth Gallery to house the wardrobe and serve as an exhibition space. The building design received accolades in the architectural press, resulting in swarms of uninvited visitors trespassing on the property to glimpse this latest Mies building. As a result of the accusations contained in Edith Farnsworth's lawsuit, the house soon became a prop in the larger national social conflicts of the McCarthy era. The weekend house became a lightning rod for anti-modernist publications, exemplified in the April 1953 issue of \"House Beautiful\", which attacked it as a \"communist-inspired effort\" to supplant traditional American styles. Large areas of glass wall, flat roofs, purging of ornament, and a perceived lack of traditional warmth and coziness were characteristics of the International Style that were particular talking points of attack. The poor energy efficiency of the Farnsworth House has been widely discussed as well. Nonetheless, the Farnsworth House has continued to receive wide critical acclaim as a masterpiece of the modernist style, and Mies went on to receive the presidential Medal of Freedom for his contribution to American architecture and culture. Prominent architect and critic, Philip Johnson, was inspired by the design, designing and building his own Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut in 1947 as his personal residence. In the twenty-first century, Pulitzer Prize-winning architectural critics Paul Goldberger and Blair Kamin have both declared the house a masterpiece of modern architecture. Its timeless quality is reflected by the reverent fascination in the minimalist house shown by a new generation of design professionals and enthusiasts. In 2016, the movie, \"\", featured a house modelled after the Farnsworth House.", "Farnsworth House The Farnsworth House was designed and constructed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951. It is a one-room weekend retreat in what then was a rural setting, located 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Chicago's downtown, on a 60-acre (24 ha) estate site adjoining the Fox River, south of the city of Plano, Illinois. The steel and glass house was commissioned by Edith Farnsworth, M.D., a prominent Chicago nephrologist, as a place where she could engage in her hobbies\u2014playing the violin, translating poetry, and enjoying nature. Mies created a 1,500-square-foot (140 m) structure that is widely recognized as an example of International Style of architecture. The retreat was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, after being listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Currently, the house is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the historic preservation group, National Trust for Historic Preservation. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Farnsworth House was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by \"USA Today Travel\" magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was retained by Dr. Edith Farnsworth to design a weekend retreat during a dinner party in 1945. The wealthy client wanted to build a very special work of modern architecture, however, toward the end of construction, a dispute arose between architect and client that interfered with its completion by the architect. Farnsworth had purchased the riverfront property from the publisher of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Robert R. McCormick."], "answer": {"text": "now owned and operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as a public museum.", "answer_start": 1186}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 0, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he involved with the house?", "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the house designed and built?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1946 and 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about Mies during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "Mies explored the relationship between people, shelter, and nature.", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he get his education?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What got him interested in architecture?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards, honors or recognition for the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "The Farnsworth House and its 60-acre (240,000 m2) wooded site was purchased at auction for US$7.5 million by preservation groups in 2004", "answer_start": 1042, "bid": 0}}]}
{"qid": "C_8fca6c94030f408ab2834b93530b579c_0_q#8", "question": "What else can you tell me about the Farnsworth property?", "rewrite": "What else can you tell me about the Farnsworth property other than owned and operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as a public museum.?", "followup": "y", "yesno": "x", "evidences": ["Into this milieu came Preservation Action, that along with the National Trust for Historic Preservation, served as an important advocate for historic preservation at the federal level. With improved incentives for historic preservation in the form of tax credits and other programs, the focus of urban projects shifted dramatically from demolition to rehabilitation. Nellie Longsworth, one-time President of Preservation Action explained: \"All kinds of things have been tried to stop the deterioration of downtowns. The first program that ever really worked was the investment tax credit. \" With the unprecedented growth in historic preservation activities, Preservation Action cemented its role as a rallying point for the private historic preservation community at the national level, along with the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Sources credit this coming together of forces in support of historic preservation, and Longsworth especially. Arthur P. Ziegler, Jr., wrote \"Never before or since have we seen preservation activities carried out so diligently by so many with such excellent results.\" In more recent decades, federal programs such as Save America's Treasures and Preserve America have brought resources to the front lines of where preservation work is being done in communities. These same programs, despite their effectiveness, were threatened by cutbacks in funding in the present fiscal environment. Preservation Action has always and continues to play an important role in advocating for these federal programs to support historic preservation at the state and local level. In 2015, Preservation Action started to conduct monthly calls with statewide organizations to better connect states to the legislative efforts happening at the federal level, as well as, connecting Preservation Action the legislative efforts happening at the state and local level. In 2016, prior to the November Congressional elections, Preservation Action conducted a Federal Candidate Historic Preservation Survey. Preservation Action conducted a nationwide historic preservation survey of all candidates running for the U.S House and U.S Senate.", "Between 1946 and 1951, Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House, a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman, Dr. Edith Farnsworth. Here, Mies explored the relationship between people, shelter, and nature. The glass pavilion is raised six feet above a floodplain next to the Fox River, surrounded by forest and rural prairies. The highly crafted pristine white structural frame and all-glass walls define a simple rectilinear interior space, allowing nature and light to envelop the interior space. A wood-panelled fireplace (also housing mechanical equipment, kitchen, and toilets) is positioned within the open space to suggest living, dining and sleeping spaces without using walls. No partitions touch the surrounding all-glass enclosure. Without solid exterior walls, full-height draperies on a perimeter track allow freedom to provide full or partial privacy when and where desired. The house has been described as sublime, a temple hovering between heaven and earth, a poem, a work of art. The Farnsworth House and its 60-acre (240,000 m2) wooded site was purchased at auction for US$7.5 million by preservation groups in 2004 and is now owned and operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as a public museum. The building influenced the creation of hundreds of modernist glass houses, most notably the Glass House by Philip Johnson, located near New York City and also now owned by the National Trust. The house is an embodiment of Mies' mature vision of modern architecture for the new technological age: a single unencumbered space within a minimal \"skin and bones\" framework, a clearly understandable arrangement of architectural parts. His ideas are stated with clarity and simplicity, using materials that are configured to express their own individual character.", "Farnsworth House The Farnsworth House was designed and constructed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1945 and 1951. It is a one-room weekend retreat in what then was a rural setting, located 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Chicago's downtown, on a 60-acre (24 ha) estate site adjoining the Fox River, south of the city of Plano, Illinois. The steel and glass house was commissioned by Edith Farnsworth, M.D., a prominent Chicago nephrologist, as a place where she could engage in her hobbies\u2014playing the violin, translating poetry, and enjoying nature. Mies created a 1,500-square-foot (140 m) structure that is widely recognized as an example of International Style of architecture. The retreat was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2006, after being listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Currently, the house is owned and operated as a historic house museum by the historic preservation group, National Trust for Historic Preservation. In celebration of the 2018 Illinois Bicentennial, the Farnsworth House was selected as one of the Illinois 200 Great Places by the American Institute of Architects Illinois component (AIA Illinois) and was recognized by \"USA Today Travel\" magazine, as one of AIA Illinois' selections for Illinois 25 Must See Places. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe was retained by Dr. Edith Farnsworth to design a weekend retreat during a dinner party in 1945. The wealthy client wanted to build a very special work of modern architecture, however, toward the end of construction, a dispute arose between architect and client that interfered with its completion by the architect. Farnsworth had purchased the riverfront property from the publisher of the \"Chicago Tribune\", Robert R. McCormick.", "Finley served as the National Trust's first chairman of the board, remaining in the position for 12 years. In its early years, the National Trust\u2019s founders envisioned an organization whose primary purpose would be the acquisition and administration of historic sites, while encouraging public participation in their preservation. In 1957, the National Trust officially acquired its first property, Woodlawn Plantation in northern Virginia. Since, the National Trust portfolio of historic properties and contracted affiliates include twenty-seven historic sites, ranging from the 18th-century Drayton Hall in South Carolina to the Modernist Glass House in Connecticut. Over the next decade, the National Trust grew to become the leading national organization in historic preservation. They began working with citizens and city planning officials on legislative matters, including federal, state, and municipal ordinances for historic preservation. National Trust staff also traveled to parts of the country to advise local communities on preservation projects. In 1966, Congress passed the National Historic Preservation Act, a significant legislation for the preservation movement. The Act also provided federal funding in support of the National Trust\u2019s work. The funding later ceased in 1996, at which point the National Trust became entirely privately funded. Following the adoption of the National Historic Preservation Act, the National Trust broadened in its mission beyond administrating historic sites. In 1969, the National Trust created the Preservation Services Fund to provide financial assistance to local preservation projects. In 1971, the National Trust opened its first field office in San Francisco. As the organization grew, the National Trust expanded its work, consisting of programs, educational resources, and advocacy. In 1980, the National Trust initiated the National Main Street Center, specializing in revitalizing historic business districts, which has since transitioned into a subsidiary. In 2010, Stephanie Meeks became the organization\u2019s president, replacing Richard Moe who had led the organization for 17 years. The change brought a shift in direction of the National Trust", "National Trust for Historic Preservation The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a privately funded, nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C., that works in the field of historic preservation in the United States. The member-supported organization was founded in 1949 by congressional charter to support the preservation of America\u2019s diverse historic buildings, neighborhoods, and heritage through its programs, resources, and advocacy. The National Trust for Historic Preservation aims to empower local preservationists by providing leadership to save and revitalize America's historic places, and by working on both national policies as well as local preservation campaigns through its network of field offices and preservation partners, including the National Park Service, State Historic Preservation Offices, and local preservation groups. The National Trust is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with field offices in Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Denver, New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle. The organization is governed by a board of trustees and led by interim president & CEO, Paul Edmondson. The National Trust presently has around 750,000 members and supporters. In addition to leading campaigns and advocacy, the National Trust provides a growing educational resource through the Preservation Leadership Forum that offers articles, journals, case studies, and conferences and training. The National Trust issues the quarterly \"Preservation\" magazine as well as online stories. The National Trust\u2019s current work focuses on building sustainable communities through the adaptive reuse of historic spaces; preserving and empowering cultural diversity through protecting sites of cultural significance; advocating for greater stewardship of historic places on public land; and leading innovation in the management of historic properties. Towards the end of the 19th century, as the United States was rebuilding after the Civil War, the country was beginning to form its sense of national identity and history. The government began to enact legislation for the preservation of sites and objects deemed significant to the nation\u2019s history."], "answer": {"text": "The highly crafted pristine white structural frame and all-glass walls define a simple rectilinear interior space,", "answer_start": 372}, "retrieval_labels": [0, 1, 0, 0, 0], "history": [{"question": "What is the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "a weekend retreat outside Chicago for an independent professional woman,", "answer_start": 82, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "How was he involved with the house?", "answer": {"text": "Mies van der Rohe designed and built the Farnsworth House,", "answer_start": 23, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "When was the house designed and built?", "answer": {"text": "Between 1946 and 1951,", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What else can you tell me about Mies during this time period?", "answer": {"text": "Mies explored the relationship between people, shelter, and nature.", "answer_start": 183, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Where did he get his education?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What got him interested in architecture?", "answer": {"text": "CANNOTANSWER", "answer_start": 0, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "Did he receive any awards, honors or recognition for the Farnsworth House?", "answer": {"text": "The Farnsworth House and its 60-acre (240,000 m2) wooded site was purchased at auction for US$7.5 million by preservation groups in 2004", "answer_start": 1042, "bid": 0}}, {"question": "What is the house used for today?", "answer": {"text": "now owned and operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation as a public museum.", "answer_start": 1186, "bid": 0}}]}